bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Museum Mulawarman sebagai Pusat Konservasi Warisan Budaya
Authors: Larasati Rae , Jamil Jamil , Johansyah Marwiah
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the values of Hindu-Buddhist cultural heritage in Mulawarman Museum. This research conducted at the Museum Mulawarman, Tenggarong, Kutai Regency. The results showed that the values of cultural heritage in the Museum Mulawarman are the religious value, historical value, cultural value and social value. Government efforts to preserve the cultural heritage values of Hindu-Buddhist divided into three: guard, care for, and following the rules.
Media Pembelajaran Sejarah di SMK Negeri Pontianak
Authors: Putri Astrini Eka , Sariyatun Sariyatun , Suryani Nunuk
Published: August 2017

Research is expected could become the foundation of renewal in the use of media teaching history in state vocational schools in Pontianak. Based on it, then the researcher wants to describe about media learning customarily using by teachers in the process teaching history. Researcher interested to arrange research with a title “Media Teaching History in State Vocational Schools in Pontianak“. Media uses teaching history in state vocational schools Pontianak has been good enough, since on average teachers using the existing facilities at the school in order to support learning activity. Learning activity history done by the teacher in this has been good enough, because it is already employing variations learning that are attractive. In the teaching process in two classes not only uses the media learning of a textbook,  but had done some innovation that is by using media Microsoft Office PowerPoint.
Co-occurrence of colistin-resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-3 among multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from cattle, Spain, September 2015
Authors: Hernández Marta , Iglesias M Rocío , Rodríguez-Lázaro David , Gallardo Alejandro , Quijada Narciso , Miguela-Villoldo Pedro , Campos Maria Jorge , Píriz Segundo , López-Orozco Gema , de Frutos Cristina , Sáez José Luis , Ugarte-Ruiz María , Domínguez Lucas , Quesada Alberto
Published: August 2017

Colistin resistance genes mcr-3 and mcr-1 have been detected in an Escherichia coli isolate from cattle faeces in a Spanish slaughterhouse in 2015. The sequences of both genes hybridised to same plasmid band of ca 250 kb, although colistin resistance was non-mobilisable. The isolate was producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and belonged to serotype O9:H10 and sequence type ST533. Here we report an mcr-3 gene detected in Europe following earlier reports from Asia and the United States.
Plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-3 in Salmonella isolates from human infections, Denmark, 2009–17
Authors: Litrup Eva , Kiil Kristoffer , Hammerum Anette M , Roer Louise , Nielsen Eva M , Torpdahl Mia
Published: August 2017

This report describes one Salmonella isolate harbouring both mcr-1 and mcr-3. We also found nine other Salmonella isolates positive for the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene, mcr-3. The strains were isolated from patients in Denmark between 2009 and 2017 and five of the patients had travelled to Asia. In addition to mcr-3, all strains were found positive for blaTEM-1
, strA, strB, sul2 and tet(A) or tet(B), and most strains were positive for blaCTX-M-55
and qnrS.
Carbon Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in a Forest Reserve in Venezuela between 1990 and 2015
Authors: Pacheco-Angulo Carlos , Vilanova Emilio , Aguado Inmaculada , Monjardin Sergio , Martinez Susana
Published: August 2017

This study presents for the first time in Venezuela a joint analysis of deforestation and forest degradation processes, including its effects on carbon emissions. The Caparo Forest Reserve, located in the Western Plains ecoregion, in one of the national hot spots of deforestation, served as a case study using three different periods: 1990–2000, 2000–2010 and 2010–2015. In the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) framework, the Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was followed. These guidelines combine the activity data for the estimation of deforestation and degradation rates, in this case using open access Landsat imagery in conjunction with the TerraAmazon system with the emission factors, and these based on aboveground biomass (AGB) estimations using field data from permanent plots monitored during the study period. Deforestation was responsible of a net loss of −53,461 ha, while close to −3667 ha were classified as degraded forests during the 1990–2000 decade (−4.9% annual deforestation rate). An estimated area of −36,447 ha and −515 ha between 2000 and 2010 was affected by both processes (−4.3% annual forest loss), and −8111 ha and −737 ha between 2010 and 2015 (−3.2% per year). These processes were responsible for an estimated equivalent in carbon emissions of 2.21 ± 0.32 (SEM—Standard Error of the Mean) Mt CO2 year−1 (1990–2000), 1.56 ± 0.19 Mt CO2per year between 2000 and 2010, while 0.80 ± 0.11 Mt CO2 year−1 during the 2010–2015 period. Between 92.9% and 98.63% (mean 94.9%) of these emissions came from deforestation, and between 1.37% and 7.79% (mean 5.1%) from forest degradation. Using available data, at national scale, deforestation and forest degradation in Caparo represented, on average, 0.49% of the total CO2 emissions and about 1.79% of land use change related emissions for the same period in Venezuela. Finally, we briefly outline a set of elements so these results can serve as a baseline for the potential establishment of a Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) strategy in the area.
Pathogenesis of Lafora Disease: Transition of Soluble Glycogen to Insoluble Polyglucosan
Authors: Sullivan Mitchell , Nitschke Silvia , Steup Martin , Minassian Berge , Nitschke Felix
Published: August 2017

Lafora disease (LD, OMIM #254780) is a rare, recessively inherited neurodegenerative disease with adolescent onset, resulting in progressive myoclonus epilepsy which is fatal usually within ten years of symptom onset. The disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations in either of the two genes EPM2A (laforin) or EPM2B (malin). It characteristically involves the accumulation of insoluble glycogen-derived particles, named Lafora bodies (LBs), which are considered neurotoxic and causative of the disease. The pathogenesis of LD is therefore centred on the question of how insoluble LBs emerge from soluble glycogen. Recent data clearly show that an abnormal glycogen chain length distribution, but neither hyperphosphorylation nor impairment of general autophagy, strictly correlates with glycogen accumulation and the presence of LBs. This review summarizes results obtained with patients, mouse models, and cell lines and consolidates apparent paradoxes in the LD literature. Based on the growing body of evidence, it proposes that LD is predominantly caused by an impairment in chain-length regulation affecting only a small proportion of the cellular glycogen. A better grasp of LD pathogenesis will further develop our understanding of glycogen metabolism and structure. It will also facilitate the development of clinical interventions that appropriately target the underlying cause of LD.
Low-Concentration Tributyltin Decreases GluR2 Expression via Nuclear Respiratory Factor-1 Inhibition
Authors: Ishida Keishi , Aoki Kaori , Takishita Tomoko , Miyara Masatsugu , Sakamoto Shuichiro , Sanoh Seigo , Kimura Tomoki , Kanda Yasunari , Ohta Shigeru , Kotake Yaichiro
Published: August 2017

Tributyltin (TBT), which has been widely used as an antifouling agent in paints, is a common environmental pollutant. Although the toxicity of high-dose TBT has been extensively reported, the effects of low concentrations of TBT are relatively less well studied. We have previously reported that low-concentration TBT decreases α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptor subunit 2 (GluR2) expression in cortical neurons and enhances neuronal vulnerability to glutamate. However, the mechanism of this TBT-induced GluR2 decrease remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of TBT on the activity of transcription factors that control GluR2 expression. Exposure of primary cortical neurons to 20 nM TBT for 3 h to 9 days resulted in a decrease in GluR2 mRNA expression. Moreover, TBT inhibited the DNA binding activity of nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), a transcription factor that positively regulates the GluR2. This result indicates that TBT inhibits the activity of NRF-1 and subsequently decreases GluR2 expression. In addition, 20 nM TBT decreased the expression of genes such as cytochrome c, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) 4, and COX 6c, which are downstream of NRF-1. Our results suggest that NRF-1 inhibition is an important molecular action of the neurotoxicity induced by low-concentration TBT.
Decreased Expression of miR-138-5p by lncRNA H19 in Cervical Cancer Promotes Tumor Proliferation
Authors: Ou Lei , Wang Dazhong , Zhang Han , Yu Qian , Hua Fangfang
Published: August 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. However, the expression and underlying mechanisms of miRNA in cervical cancer progression remain unclear. In the present study, our data showed that the expression of miR-138-5p was significantly downregulated
in cervical cancer tissues, and decreased expression of miR-138-5p was correlated with advanced FIGO stage, poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and poor overall survival of cervical cancer patients. Function assays showed that overexpression of miR-138-5p reduced cervical cancer cell
proliferation, arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase, and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Remarkably, SIRT1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-138-5p in cervical cancer, and miR-138-5p exerted the reduced tumor functions by suppressing SIRT1 expression. Moreover, we
further identified that lncRNA H19 could act as a molecular sponge of miR-138-5p in cervical cancer progression. Taken together, these results suggested that miR-138-5p could suppress cervical cancer cell progression by targeting SIRT1.
HELIOS–RETRIEVAL: An Open-source, Nested Sampling Atmospheric Retrieval Code; Application to the HR 8799 Exoplanets and Inferred Constraints for Planet Formation
Authors: Lavie Baptiste , Mendonça João M. , Mordasini Christoph , Malik Matej , Bonnefoy Mickaël , Demory Brice-Olivier , Oreshenko Maria , Grimm Simon L. , Ehrenreich David , Heng Kevin
Published: August 2017

We present an open-source retrieval code named HELIOS–RETRIEVAL, designed to obtain chemical abundances and temperature–pressure profiles by inverting the measured spectra of exoplanetary atmospheres. In our forward model, we use an exact solution of the radiative transfer equation, in the pure absorption limit, which allows us to analytically integrate over all of the outgoing rays. Two chemistry models are considered: unconstrained chemistry and equilibrium chemistry (enforced via analytical formulae). The nested sampling algorithm allows us to formally implement Occam’s Razor based on a comparison of the Bayesian evidence between models. We perform a retrieval analysis on the measured spectra of the four HR 8799 directly imaged exoplanets. Chemical equilibrium is disfavored for HR 8799b and c. We find supersolar C/H and O/H values for the outer HR 8799b and c exoplanets, while the inner HR 8799d and e exoplanets have a range of C/H and O/H values. The C/O values range from being superstellar for HR 8799b to being consistent with stellar for HR 8799c and being substellar for HR 8799d and e. If these retrieved properties are representative of the bulk compositions of the exoplanets, then they are inconsistent with formation via gravitational instability (without late-time accretion) and consistent with a core accretion scenario in which late-time accretion of ices occurred differently for the inner and outer exoplanets. For HR 8799e, we find that spectroscopy in the K band is crucial for constraining C/O and C/H. HELIOS–RETRIEVAL is publicly available as part of the Exoclimes Simulation Platform (http://www.exoclime.org).
The Velocity Dispersion Function for Quiescent Galaxies in the Local Universe
Authors: Sohn Jubee , Zahid H. Jabran , Geller Margaret J.
Published: August 2017

We investigate the distribution of central velocity dispersions for quiescent galaxies in the SDSS at 0.03 ≤ z ≤ 0.10. To construct the field velocity dispersion function (VDF), we construct a velocity dispersion complete sample of quiescent galaxies with D

n
4000 > 1.5. The sample consists of galaxies with central velocity dispersion larger than the velocity dispersion completeness limit of the SDSS survey. Our VDF measurement is consistent with previous field VDFs for σ > 200 km s−1. In contrast with previous results, the VDF does not decline significantly for σ < 200 km s−1. The field and the similarly constructed cluster VDFs are remarkably flat at low velocity dispersion (σ < 250 km s−1). The cluster VDF exceeds the field for σ > 250 km s−1 providing a measure of the relatively larger number of massive subhalos in clusters. The VDF is a probe of the dark matter halo distribution because the measured central velocity dispersion may be directly proportional to the dark matter velocity dispersion. Thus the VDF provides a potentially powerful test of simulations for models of structure formation.
Magnetized High Velocity Clouds in the Galactic Halo: A New Distance Constraint
Authors: Grønnow Asger , Tepper-García Thor , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , McClure-Griffiths N. M.
Published: August 2017

High velocity gas that does not conform to Galactic rotation is observed throughout the Galaxy’s halo. One component of this gas, H i high velocity clouds (HVCs), have attracted attention since their discovery in the 1960s and remain controversial in terms of their origins, largely due to the lack of reliable distance estimates. The recent discovery of enhanced magnetic fields toward HVCs has encouraged us to explore their connection to cloud evolution, kinematics, and survival as they fall through the magnetized Galactic halo. For a reasonable model of the halo magnetic field, most infalling clouds see transverse rather than radial field lines. We find that significant compression (and thereby amplification) of the ambient magnetic field occurs in front of the cloud and in the tail of material stripped from the cloud. The compressed transverse field attenuates hydrodynamical instabilities. This delays cloud destruction, though not indefinitely. The observed

field compression is related to the cloud’s distance from the Galactic plane. As a result, the observed rotation measure provides useful distance information on a cloud’s location.
The Effects of Mg/Si on the Exoplanetary Refractory Oxygen Budget
Authors: Unterborn Cayman T. , Panero Wendy R.
Published: August 2017

Solar photospheric abundances of refractory elements mirror the Earth’s to within ∼10 mol% when normalized to the dominant terrestrial-planet-forming elements Mg, Si, and Fe. This allows for the adoption of solar composition as an order-of-magnitude proxy for Earth’s. It is not known, however, the degree to which this mirroring of stellar and terrestrial planet abundances holds true for other star–planet systems without determination of the composition of initial planetesimals via condensation sequence calculations and post condensation processes. We present the open-source Arbitrary Composition Condensation Sequence calculator (ArCCoS) to assess how the elemental composition of a parent star affects that of the planet-building material, including the extent of oxidation within the planetesimals. We demonstrate the utility of ArCCoS by showing how variations in the abundance of the stellar refractory elements Mg and Si affect the condensation of oxygen, a controlling factor in the relative proportions of planetary core and silicate mantle material. This thereby removes significant degeneracy in the interpretation of the structures of exoplanets, as well as provides observational tests for the validity of this model.
Successive Homologous Coronal Mass Ejections Driven by Shearing and Converging Motions in Solar Active Region NOAA 12371
Authors: Vemareddy P.
Published: August 2017

We study the magnetic field evolution in AR 12371, related to its successive eruptive nature. During the disk transit of seven days, the active region (AR) launched four sequential fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which are associated with long duration M-class flares. Morphological study delineates a pre-eruptive coronal sigmoid structure above the polarity inversion line (PIL) similar to Moore et al.’s study. The velocity field derived from tracked magnetograms indicates persistent shear and converging motions of polarity regions about the PIL. While these shear motions continue, the crossed arms of two sigmoid elbows are being brought to interaction by converging motions at the middle of the PIL, initiating the tether-cutting reconnection of field lines and the onset of the CME explosion. The successive CMEs are explained by a cyclic process of magnetic energy storage and release referred to as “sigmoid-to-arcade-to-sigmoid” transformation driven by photospheric flux motions. Furthermore, the continued shear motions inject helicity flux with a dominant negative sign, which contributes to core field twist and its energy by building a twisted flux rope (FR). After a limiting value, the excess coronal helicity is expelled by bodily ejection of the FR, which is initiated by some instability as realized by intermittent CMEs. This AR is in contrast with the confined AR 12192 with a predominant negative sign and larger helicity flux, but much weaker (−0.02 turns) normalized coronal helicity content. While predominant signed helicity flux is a requirement for CME eruption, our study suggests that the magnetic flux normalized helicity flux is a necessary condition accommodating the role of background flux and appeals to a further study of a large sample of ARs.
GRAVITY Spectro-interferometric Study of the Massive Multiple Stellar System HD 93206 A
Authors: Sanchez-Bermudez J. , Alberdi A. , Barbá R. , Bestenlehner J. M. , Cantalloube F. , Brandner W. , Henning Th. , Hummel C. A. , Maíz Apellániz J. , Pott J.-U. , Schödel R. , van Boekel R.
Published: August 2017

Characterization of the dynamics of massive star systems and the astrophysical properties of the interacting components are a prerequisite for understanding their formation and evolution. Optical interferometry at milliarcsecond resolution is a key observing technique for resolving high-mass multiple compact systems. Here, we report on Very Large Telescope Interferometer/GRAVITY, Magellan/Folded-port InfraRed Echellette, and MPG2.2 m/FEROS observations of the late-O/early-B type system HD 93206 A, which is a member of the massive cluster Collinder 228 in the Carina nebula complex. With a total mass of about

, it is one of the most compact massive quadruple systems known. In addition to measuring the separation and position angle of the outer binary Aa–Ac, we observe Brγ and He i variability in phase with the orbital motion of the two inner binaries. From the differential phase (

) analysis, we conclude that the Brγ emission arises from the interaction regions within the components of the individual binaries, which is consistent with previous models for the X-ray emission of the system based on wind–wind interaction. With an average 3σ deviation of

, we establish an upper limit of p ∼ 0.157 mas (0.35 au) for the size of the Brγ line-emitting region. Future interferometric observations with GRAVITY using the 8 m Unit Telescopes will allow us to constrain the line-emitting regions down to angular sizes of 20 μas (0.05 au at the distance of the Carina nebula).
A Novel Method to Automatically Detect and Measure the Ages of Star Clusters in Nearby Galaxies: Application to the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Bitsakis T. , Bonfini P. , González-Lópezlira R. A. , Ramírez-Siordia V. H. , Bruzual G. , Charlot S. , Maravelias G. , Zaritsky D.
Published: August 2017

We present our new, fully automated method to detect and measure the ages of star clusters in nearby galaxies, where individual stars can be resolved. The method relies purely on statistical analysis of observations and Monte-Carlo simulations to define stellar overdensities in the data. It decontaminates the cluster color–magnitude diagrams and, using a revised version of the Bayesian isochrone fitting code of Ramírez-Siordia et al., estimates the ages of the clusters. Comparisons of our estimates with those from other surveys show the superiority of our method to extract and measure the ages of star clusters, even in the most crowded fields. An application of our method is shown for the high-resolution, multiband imaging of the Large Magellanic Cloud. We detect 4850 clusters in the 7 deg2 we surveyed, 3451 of which have not been reported before. Our findings suggest multiple epochs of star cluster formation, with the most probable occurring ∼310 Myr ago. Several of these events are consistent with the epochs of the interactions among the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, and the Galaxy, as predicted by N-body numerical simulations. Finally, the spatially resolved star cluster formation history may suggest an inside-out cluster formation scenario throughout the LMC, for the past 1 Gyr.
Two new Brazilian species of Chelodesmidae of the genera Iguazus and Tessarithys (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)
Authors: Bouzan Rodrigo S. , Pena-Barbosa João Paulo P. , Brescovit Antonio Domingos
Published: August 2017

Two new species of Chelodesmidae from the Brazilian northeast are described,Iguazus robustussp. nov., from the state of Paraíba, andTessarithys exacuminatussp. nov., from the states of Pernambuco and Sergipe.Iguazus robustussp. nov.differs from other species of the genus by having a constriction in the zone of the gonopodal acropodite tip and an extra branch at the tip of the acropodite.Tessarithys exacuminatussp. nov.differs from the other species of the genus by the large and ascending subterminal dorsal branch of the prefemoral process of the gonopod. Brief reviews of the taxonomy, geographic distribution and a key for males of the respective genera are provided.
UX Work in Libraries
Authors: El Mimouni Houda , Anderson Jennifer , Tempelman-Kluit Nadaleen F , Dolan-Mescal Alexandra
Published: August 2017

The application of UX expertise is beneficial in all the areas and aspects of library services and products. All what a librarian needs is an understanding of those principles and some tools with which to practice them. The goal of this chapter, therefore, is to provide a guide for librarians, whether they are specifically in charge of UX work at their library or aspire to integrate UX into their work on other library services and products. This chapter provides some theoretical background on the traditional goal of library user satisfaction and introduces UX as an approach that benefits libraries and their users. It gives an overview of popular UX methodologies and describes real-life UX in libraries through the stories from three librarians in their respective institutions: the New York Public Library, New York University, and University of California, Riverside.
Processes for User-Centered Design and Development
Authors: Perry Susan Chesley , Waggoner Jessica
Published: August 2017

The authors discuss user-centered design and agile project management using the development of the Omeka Curator Dashboard as a case study. The University of California, Santa Cruz University Library developed a suite of 15 plugins for the Omeka open source content management system. This chapter describes the library's use of agile principles and methods for the management of this project, detailing the creation of user stories and acceptance criteria. This chapter also outlines the usability testing conducted by the library in the form of online surveys and moderated field tests. The authors conclude that user-focused, inclusive, and iterative development are key components to the success of the software development process.
Mentoring Dissertation Students in Online Doctoral Programs
Authors: Halupa Colleen M.
Published: August 2017

Mentoring doctoral students in online programs can be even more challenging than mentoring in the face-to-face educational environment. Factors such as geographic and transactional distance can result in student isolation and attrition during the dissertation process. Students often are not prepared for the intensity of doctoral work and the discipline required to complete a dissertation. Effective mentoring techniques can decrease transactional distance boundaries to enhance the online dissertation process. Dissertation chairs must understand how mentoring can improve student learning. Rather than mentoring students based on personal beliefs or past experience, online dissertation chairs must familiarize themselves with best practices in mentoring throughout the dissertation process to provide a quality educational experience for their students, as well as to decrease attrition.
Imagining Graduate Students
Authors: Andrus-Henry Samantha
Published: August 2017

How do we foster effective communication online with graduate students? This project looks closely at what communicating online with graduate students looks like, and imagines an answer to the question that is both figurative and literal. Figurative in the sense that this question should be approached with imagination, through the imaginary, and with an understanding of address. And, literally in that it proposes specific communicative practices for consideration. Online offers us unique opportunities to change our mode of address. Fostering effective online graduate students means (re)imagining graduate school by recognizing mode of address, mentoring, technology, and rhetorically listening-to.
Hands-On Kernel-Based Virtual Machine (KVM)
Authors: Ahmad Khaleel , Shareef Ahamed
Published: August 2017

In this chapter, we will discuss in the introduction to KVM, how to create KVM, both command line and using GUI, briefly on KVM management. This chapter also describes the pre-requisites and a brief introduction on all the pre-requisite software. KVM utilizes the CPU virtualization technology on modern AMD and Intel processors, known as AMD-V and Intel-VT. KVM a is free virtualization solution and does not require any licensing, but if your CPU does not support virtualization KVM will be a waste of time. Linux OS, which is used in this chapter, is Cent OS.
Image Registration in Ultrasound-Assisted Brain Surgery
Authors: Chel Haradhan , Bora Prabin Kumar
Published: August 2017

Image registration is an essential step in the image guided brain surgery. A preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) image guides the neurosurgeon about the size and the location of the tumor inside the brain of the diseased person. Due to several reasons, brain shift occurs during the surgery, results in the shift of the actual position of the tumor. Intra-operative MR imaging is expensive and may not be financially viable for many hospitals. An effective intraoperative US can be used in replacement of MR. For performing registration of US and MR images, the most of the state-of-the-art methods use a suitable similarity or dissimilarity measure, a spline based deformation model, a smoothing technique and an effective fast optimization method. This chapter starts with a discussion on various types of brain tumors and their clinical significance. It also covers on various similarity measures, optimizations and the available database of US and MR brain images.
Entrepreneurial Process and Financial Well-Being Generated by a Colombian Association of Vulnerable Individuals
Authors: Gomez-Nuñez Liyis , Sanchez-Barrios Luis Javier
Published: August 2017

Entrepreneurship is considered relevant in the economic growth of nations because of its impact in the creation of new jobs and innovations in the social and economic fields. Thus, governments and academia worldwide have shown interest on how to leverage on entrepreneurship in order to develop strategies that improve the quality of life of individuals. Entrepreneurship as a development strategy is extensive; it goes from the creation of new enterprises born as a result of a high market potential to those that arise as the only income-generating alternative. This chapter addresses the study of the entrepreneurial process in organizations created by associations of vulnerable individuals engendered by the income generation need, and using as reference the case of AGROSEC, located in Colombia. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. Five interviews were completed using pre-established protocols that were applied to 3 members of the association.
Institutions, Gender, and Entrepreneurship in Latin America
Authors: Urbano David , Aparicio Sebastian , Noguera Maria
Published: August 2017

This chapter seeks to explore the institutional effects on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur, for both women and men, among a low-income level population, in the context of Latin American countries. By using institutional economics, it is hypothesized that personal autonomy, membership of an art or music organization, membership of a religious organization, and secondary educational environment have a positive effect on the probability of becoming self-employed, for both female and male. The World Values Survey (at individual level) and the World Development Indicators (at country level) provide the main information to empirically assess the influence of institutions on low-income self-employment. The findings from probit models suggest that personal autonomy, membership of an art or music organization, and secondary educational environment are factors defining the context in which women and men become entrepreneurs. Public strategies regarding gender equality are discussed.
Evolution of Social and Creative Enterprise Incubation Methodology
Authors: Soriano de Mello Ruth Espinola , Zardo Julia Bloomfield Gama , Pereira de Lemos Davi Cerqueira
Published: August 2017

The purpose of this chapter is to critically describe the historic methodological process of the Gênesis Institute of PUC-Rio, University Incubator, during its 20 years of operation in Rio de Janeiro together with entrepreneurs of necessity and opportunity. PUC-Rio will qualify as an Entrepreneurial University and the Gênesis Institute as a multisector incubator in the 3rd phase of maturity. Additionally, another aim of this chapter is on supporting the generation of innovative entrepreneurs and ventures in the social and cultural sectors from a historical illustrated vision of cases of incubated ventures.
From Coca Leaf to Cocoa Bean Growers
Authors: Lopez-Gomez Sara , Khalik Mahmoud
Published: August 2017

Entrepreneurial associative initiatives (EAI) have been suggested to be a useful way for vulnerable, especially rural, communities to improve their life conditions. Although these organisations initially do get involved in product, process, organisational and marketing innovations, it is important for them to find ways of innovating permanently in order to stay ahead in such a competitive market. This chapter presents a theoretical background on the topics of relevance such as vulnerable communities, entrepreneurship and innovation which it is followed by the case of Distrito Chocolate, an EAI with a background marked by the armed conflict in Colombia, which has taken a step forward on all of their innovations activities, and furthermore has also achieved social innovation. Following the case, the authors presents some recommendations, future research avenues and conclusions, with the aim to be of assistance to practitioners, academic and policy makers interested in the EAI phenomenon
Creating Market Inclusion
Authors: Godinez Jose
Published: August 2017

Understanding how social entrepreneurship as a tool of financial development has been in the center of the entrepreneurship and management disciplines for the last couple of decades. These studies have furthered our understanding of how social entrepreneurship helps the most vulnerable populations around the world. However, much of the literature on this subject has been devoted to analyze how social entrepreneurship aids such populations in developing locations. While this chapter does not try to diminish the admirable work carried by social entrepreneurs in developing countries, it points out that an analysis of this discipline in a developed location is overdue. To initiate a conversation, this chapter analyzes how institutional voids can arise in a developed location and the role that social entrepreneurship has in closing such gaps and to include vulnerable populations in the formal banking industry in the United States.
Understanding Idiomaticity in CALL
Authors: Liontas John I.
Published: August 2017

The primary aim of this chapter is to investigate the effectiveness of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) technologies, tools, and resources for figurative language in general and idiom learning in particular. The secondary aim is to explore the CALL training practices affecting the attainment of idiomaticity in English as a second or foreign language. Idiomaticity training is anchored in an online methodology of idiomaticity teaching that takes into account learners' interests and active involvement. Such focus is particularly useful for the purposes of diagnosis and achievement, and the research to date is a promising start to further work on idiomaticity. The chapter provides recommendations for idiomaticity training-and-teaching as well as time-tested practices for further theorizing and research. It is hoped that the practices and recommendations explored here will spur on more research in this vein. Pedagogical and research implications are also discussed.
¿Eres un Gamer?
Authors: Przymus Steve Daniel , Smith Alejandro Romo
Published: August 2017

This chapter sheds light on the potential impact of CALL theory and practice on the language and identity socialization of transnational children when educators imagine and promote interaction beyond the classroom. The authors focus specifically on the educational trajectories of 1) children returnees, who were born in Mexico, at some point in their lives moved to the U.S., and then returned to Mexico and 2) international migrants, born and many attended school in the U.S., and then moved to Mexico as a result of repatriation and/or deportation (Zúñiga & Vivas-Romero, 2014). The authors advocate creating blended affinity spaces (Przymus, 2016) at schools where youth can meet and play digital role-playing games, discuss game-ecology literacy development within these spaces, detail the implementation of such spaces in schools, and share game screen shots, blog posts, and the perspectives of transnational students that support this kind of learning within the EFL environment.
Computational Linguistic Distances and Big Data
Authors: Challa Krishnaveer Abhishek , Annabattula Jawahar
Published: August 2017

Linguistic distance has always been an inter-language issue, but English being a interwoven cluster of rhyming words, homophones, tenses etc., has turned linguistic distance into an intra-language unit to measure the similarity of sounds. In many theoretical and applied areas of computational linguistics i.e., Big Data, researchers operate with a notion of linguistic distance or, conversely, linguistic similarity has become the means to optimise speech recognition systems. The present research paper focuses on the mentioned lines as an attempt to turn the existing systems from delivering good performance to perfect performance, especially in the area of Big Data.
Teachers' Attitudes Towards Technology Integration
Authors: Djoub Zineb
Published: August 2017

As education and teaching have become intrinsically entwined, teachers need to develop the necessary knowledge and skills to integrate effectively technology into their teaching. Teacher educators are thus required to infuse technology throughout their programs and support trainees connect between technology and pedagogy within a given context. Yet, the question that can be raised is: How can teacher education programs prepare young teacher entering the profession to teach with learning technology and digital content? To elaborate on this issue, a study was conducted on a sample of teachers, using a survey questionnaire distributed online. This study seeks to address what teachers must know, understand and be able to do with regard to instructional technology. The research findings are meant to inform both teacher educators and program designers about the kind of training required to assist teachers with technology integration. Based on the data obtained, a set of suggestions for teacher educators are recommended for pre-service teacher training contexts.
Practices and Reflections on Pioneer Service Learning in Higher Education of China
Authors: Wu Bo
Published: August 2017

Service learning, as one form of experiential education derived from David Kolb's experiential learning model, integrates service with classroom instruction. It can be applied in primary, secondary and higher education setting. According to its broad definition from National Society of Experiential Education in the United States (1994): service learning is “any carefully monitored service experience in which a student has intentional learning goals and reflects actively on what he or she is learning throughout the experiences”. Under the rapid urbanization and economic development in China, higher education is experiencing great challenges in terms of its mission and pedagogy. I share my pioneer teaching experiences of service learning among undergraduate students at a teaching college in Guangdong, China with insufficient institutional support and community partnership. With the details of my course design, practice, and reflections on students' learning, I conclude that students benefit from service learning in their personal growth, civic learning and academic enhancement.
The Role of Pibid in Graduation Courses
Authors: Santos Carlos Eduardo da Silva , Lima de Oliveira Denise , Freitas Mirelle da Silva
Published: August 2017

One of the greatest challenges of teachers' education is its requirement to ally theory and practice. In Brazil, this scenario fostered the implementation of the Institutional Scholarship Program for Pre-Service Teacher Education – Pibid by a Governmental agency. The core of the program is to offer undergraduate students the opportunity to experience teaching process as they participate in school routine. Although Pibid dates from 2007, it was implemented at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology – IFTO in 2009. This chapter presents the history of Pibid at IFTO and an analysis of its results with regards to fostering reflective teaching. We employed a qualitative research methodology to conduct this case study. Besides the literature review, we analyzed the reports of Pibid and we surveyed graduates who participated in it while attending their graduate courses. Data confirms that Pibid is beneficial to teachers' pre-service and in-service education; it promotes interaction between theory and practice and, most importantly, it helps developing reflective teaching.
Refugee Education Policies
Authors: Boyacı Adnan , Öz Yakup
Published: August 2017

Continuing conflicts and wars in emergencies are the main sources of refugee flows around the world. Dealing with refugee crisis loads social, political and economic burden to the host countries based on the preferred durable solutions. And the educational services provided to refugees are also changing in accordance with the legal recognition of the immigrant status issued by the host countries. In this study refugee education policies are examined by identifying legal definition of refugees and types of durable solutions, discussing controversies of refugee education in mass public education of nation states, dealing with refugee education in camp and urban settings, criticizing the will of international organization in handling refugee crisis and education, and focusing on a current refugee flow from Syria in the context of Turkish refugee education policies and practices. At the end, importance on taking responsibilities in refugee crisis and education by all nations of the world is emphasized, considering that quality refugee education would be helpful for rebuilding refugees' society and nation in their country of origin again.
Migration and Refugee Crisis
Authors: Erçetin Şefika Şule , Bisaso Ssali Muhammadi
Published: August 2017

Migration has always been studied by various scholars for multiplicity of purposes. Sociologists always focus on social and cultural aspects of migration; geographers are interested in time and distance antecedents of migration. This paper is attracted by an educational intrigue and draws on educational gimmicks enshrined in migration. It is important that educational managers and educational authorities acknowledge need to incorporate policies and programs that can game challenges arising from migration and refugee crisis to fullest. This paper is thus, explicitly aimed at an educational management audience and is intended as a primer to conceptualizing the complexities and challenges of migrant education as well as serving as a drop shot for eliciting practical approaches that augment this intricate dilemma. There is no gain saying that this paper is not only timely but one with a telling practical guide on how school managers and educational policy makers should approach migrant education.
Mass Media, Elections, and Good Governance
Authors: Oboh Godwin Ehiarekhian
Published: August 2017

This paper explores the tripartite relationship between the media, elections and good governance in the contemporary Nigerian politics. It examines the growing impact of the media (especially with the emergence of the new media) on the various ways in which Nigerian political parties, politicians as well as governments present themselves to the electorate both for the purposes of electioneering campaigns and promotion of government policies as agenda for development. The paper foregrounds the critical roles that the media have to play in order to open up the public sphere and facilitate mass participation in governance with the implication of enhancing democratic values and cultures in Nigerian democracy. In this regard, particular focus is paid to reporting the 2007 general elections and the influence of the Nigerian newspaper proprietors and the government on the editorial stance of the media on the elections. It was noted that the government owned newspapers tended to reflect the position of the authoritarian model, while their private owned counterparts operated along the lines of the libertarian perspective while reporting on the elections.
Television as Vehicle for Community Development
Authors: Adesina Kola , Ganiu Okunnu , R. Olanlokun Sukurat
Published: August 2017

The study was aimed at assessing the role of television programmes on community development with a focus on Lotunlotun programme on Broadcasting Corporation of Oyo State (B.C.O.S.) television. The study attempted to assess how the programme was packaged to mobilize people at the community level. It also attempted to determine the peoples' opinion on Lotunlotun programme and the influence of the programme on the target audience. The study adopted development media theory and participatory media theory as its theoretical framework. The subjects of the study were youths and adults who were target audience of Lotunlotun programme (people within the age range of 18-50). The study utilised questionnaires and interview to solicit responses from respondents. The study proved that television programmes play positive roles in community development. It was discovered that the objectives of the programme were to improve the ways of life of people and bring the government closer to the people. It was discovered that due to the positive influence of the programme, majority of the respondents have started contributing to developmental issues in the community.
The 2012 Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) Anti-Subsidy Removal Strike Action and Its Implications for Development Communication
Authors: Babatunde Victor Olusegun
Published: August 2017

This chapter focused on the national strike organized by the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) at the dawn of the year 2012 to protest the removal of petroleum subsidy in Nigeria and it explored its implications for development communication. By using documentary research method, the study reviewed relevant literature and discussed the findings. In line with the theoretical framework on which the study is anchored, it observed that the media are powerful medium for carrying development messages to the grassroots. Besides, it also performs watchdog function so as to make the government responsible to the people and allow them to participate actively in the development processes. Therefore, the chapter recommends that government at all levels in Nigeria should ensure adequate participation of the people in the initiation, planning and execution of development projects and policies.
Design-Based Research with AGILE Sprints to Produce MUVES in Vocational Education
Authors: Cochrane Todd , Davis Niki E. , Mackey Julie
Published: August 2017

An innovative approach to effective design, development and testing of Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVE) in vocational education is provided. It blends Agile software development with design based research (DBR), seeded with educational frameworks and theories relevant to vocational education. Legitimate peripheral participation was used as a filter to inform design thinking for authentic vocational contexts because moving towards being work ready increases the student's legitimate practices particular to a vocation. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge TPACK (Mishra & Koehler 2006) provided a framework to link content and pedagogy with the MUVE technology. Software development techniques for MUVEs are shown to have characteristics compatible with design based research. A design based methodological process that introduces software development within phases is described. The approach is illustrated in the design of two MUVE to simulate (1) the hazardous situation of temporary traffic management and (2) communication on a maritime ship's bridge.
Variant Logic for Model Driven Applications
Authors: Davis Jon , Chang Elizabeth
Published: August 2017

Customizing Enterprise Information Systems (EIS) scale applications can be very expensive, also incurring additional costs during their lifecycle when customizations may need to be re-engineered to suit each EIS upgrade. The ongoing development of a temporal meta-data framework for EIS applications seeks to overcome these issues, with the application logic model supporting the capability for end users to define their own supplemental or replacement application logic meta-data, as what the authors term Variant Logic, to become a variation of the core application logic. Variant Logic can be applied to any defined model object whether visual objects, logical processing objects, or data structures objects. Variant Logic can be defined by any authorized user, through modeling rather than coding, executed by any user as an alternative to the original application logic, and is available for immediate execution by the framework runtime engine. Variant Logic is also preserved during automated meta-data application updates.