bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The The Significance of Internal and External Relativism For Religious Harmony
Authors: Zaprulkhan Zaprulkhan
Published: December 2020

Abstract

In the public sphere, internal relations between fellow Muslims appear negative. Some Muslims insult, curse and slander each other. Likewise, relations between religious communities externally show a less harmonious relationship. There is mutual suspicion in the relationship between religious communities externally. Some Muslim scholars offer the concept of internal relativism as a solution for relations between fellow Muslims internally and the concept of external relativism as a solution for relations between various religious communities in the public space. Therefore, this article tries to elaborate on the significance of the construction of internal and external relativism in building ukhuwah Islamiyah internally and harmony among religious communities externally.

Keywords: significance, internal and external relativism, religious harmony

 

Abstrak:

Dalam ruang publik, relasi internal antara sesama umat Islam tampak negatif. Sebagian umat Islam saling mencaci menjelekkan satu sama lain, saling mengutuk dan memfitnah. Begitu pula, relasi antara umat beragama secara eksternal memperlihatkan hubungan yang kurang harmonis. Ada sikap saling curiga dalam hubungan antara umat beragama secara eksternal. Sebagian cendikiawan muslim menawarkan konsep relativisme internal sebagai solusi bagi relasi antara sesama umat Islam secara internal dan konsep relativisme eksternal sebagai solusi bagi relasi antara berbagai umat beragama di ruang publik. Karena itu, artikel ini mencoba untuk menguraikan signifikansi konstruksi relativisme internal dan eksternal dalam membangun ukhuwah islamiyah secara internal dan kerukunan antar umat beragama secara eksternal.

Kata kunci: signifikansi, relativisme internal dan eksternal, harmoni agama
Religion and State in the Perspective of Islamic Thought
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: December 2020

The discourse on the relationship between religion and state in Islam has been going on for quite some time since the era of the companions of the Prophet, the scholars from the classical era to the contemporary era. The era of the Companions of the Prophet was represented by the Shia, Khawarij and Mu'tazilah groups who had different views on the relationship between religion and state. The classical era was represented by well-known scholars namely Farabi, Mawardi, Ghazali, Ibn Taymiyah and Ibn Khaldun who also had different perspectives on the relationship between religion and state. Likewise, contemporary Muslim scientists present many religious views on the relationship between religion and state. Therefore, this paper will portray how the views of the three groups, some classical and medieval scholars, to modern-day intellectuals about the relationship between the two historically and by using a comparative critical-analysis approach through the perspective of islamic thought.
Phenotypic Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility of Two Rhodotorula Species Isolated from Dandruff Samples
Authors: Begum Kohinur , Shahid Mashmum Shababa , Ferdoush Sanzida , Nur Farjahan
Published: December 2020

Rhodotorula are environmental yeasts originally considered non-pathogenic in nature. However, over the last three decades, different species of this yeast have established themselves as pathogens in humans, causing systemic infections among the immunocompromised population. In this study, Rhodotorula species were isolated from dandruff samples using selective media by observing colony morphology and color. The isolates were later identified via biochemical tests and microscopic examinations. In addition, the sensitivity of the isolates to the three antifungal agents, namely ketoconazole, nystatin and fluconazole were tested by using the disk diffusion technique. On completion of the tests, only two species of Rhodotorula were identified from 35 dandruff samples and designated as R1 and R3. Both isolates displayed sensitivity towards ketoconazole and nystatin. No antifungal sensitivity was documented against fluconazole. This study gave preliminary indication of the presence of Rhodotorula species in dandruff samples, and its sensitivity towards antifungal agents.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 185-190, 2020 (December)
Associação da doença peri-implantar em pacientes com doença periodontal preexistente: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Espindola Rebeca Pereira , Souza Roberta Karolina Borges de , Araújo Ana Cláudia  da Silva , Figueiredo Viviane Maria Gonçalves de , Alvares Pamella Recco
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura de forma integrativa sobre à associação da peri-implantite em pacientes com doença periodontal preexistente. Método: A pesquisa começou a ser operacionalizada no mês de setembro a novembro de 2020 a partir de uma consulta aos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e ao MeSH, sendo eles: peri-implantitis, periodontal disease e risk factors. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos originais que abordassem as variáveis definidas pela estratégia PICO, com resumo e texto completo acessíveis na língua inglesa, publicados no período dos últimos dez anos e que se adequassem à pergunta norteadora do estudo. Foram excluídas da pesquisa as revisões sistemáticas e narrativas, e estudos que não respondessem à pergunta norteadora. Os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram estabelecidos por um consenso alcançado por todos os autores, considerando a questão da pesquisa e os objetivos do estudo, na tentativa de obter uma ampla gama de resultados da estratégia de busca. Resultados: Por meio da estratégia de busca utilizada nesta revisão, foram selecionados 09 artigos no PubMed e 42 artigos BVS (Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde). Com a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão resultaram 04 artigos, os quais foram incluídos nesta revisão. A pesquisa incluiu estudos do tipo caso-controle, estudos transversais e coorte prospectivo. Conclusão: De acordo com as informações obtidas no presente estudo os pacientes com diagnóstico ou história de periodontite apresentaram maior risco para ocorrência de peri-implantite, especialmente aqueles com um histórico de doença periodontal severa.
Alelopatia? Não sei! Nunca Vi! Eu só ouço falar!
Authors: Almeida-Bezerra José Weverton , Viana José Wellington Macêdo , Silva Viviane Bezerra da , Costa Adrielle Rodrigues , Costa Maria Haiele Nogueira da , Santos Marcos Aurélio Figueiredo dos , Macedo Gledson Ferreira , Lima Elvis Estilak , Torquato Isabella Hevily Silva , Rodrigues Joice Layanne Guimarães , Teixeira Pedro Hudson Rodrigues , Oliveira João Paulo Camilo de , Batista Adriano Pereira , Sousa Francisco Vivaldo Alves de , Pereira Crispiniano Macedo , Correia Dennis Bezerra
Published: December 2020

Alelopatia é definida pela Sociedade Internacional de Alelopatia como a ciência que estuda qualquer processo envolvendo essencialmente os metabólitos secundários produzidos pelas plantas, algas, bactérias e fungos que influenciam o crescimento e desenvolvimento de sistemas agrícolas e biológicos, incluindo efeitos positivos e negativos. Entretanto, diversas dúvidas são evidenciadas em novos pesquisadores da área, como o surgimento e evolução dessa ciência. Dessa forma, reunimos de forma didática algumas informações importantes acerca da alelopatia, as quais estão distribuídas em (1) Alelopatia: Histórico e Definições, (2) Modo de Ação dos Aleloquímicos e (3) Natureza Química dos Aleloquímicos, a fim de nortear os novos pesquisadores e possibilitar a utilização destas informações em sala de aula como recurso teórico.
Via das pentoses fosfato e síntese de fosfolipídios como futuro tratamento do câncer: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Mariano Mônica de Cássia Silvério , Silva Milena Barros , Lima Ciderleia Castro de , Silva Hélder Luiz Ribeiro da , Carvalho Maria das Graças de Souza , Andrade Cláudia Umbelina Baptista , Oliveira Wilson Roberto Mesquita , Soares Evelise Aline , Lima Samuel José Fernandes de , Garcia José Antônio Dias
Published: December 2020

Entender o equilíbrio celular e interferência no destino proliferativo torna a via das pentoses fosfato um alvo essencial nos processos metabólicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar nos periódicos científicos indícios e fundamentações para bloquear a via das pentoses fosfato como prática alternativa no tratamento de neoplasia. Essa revisão foi desenvolvida a partir de uma revisão exploratória de artigos selecionados nas plataformas de base de dados da Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), e Scientific Eletronic Libray Online (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem Online (MedLine) e Google Acadêmico, cujos documentos são cruciais para levantar propostas que o tema tem por objetivo. Os estudos revisados neste artigo, demonstraram resultados positivos e de grande importância para a atividade da via das pentoses fosfato. Ao se pensar em reprogramação metabólica, obtemos uma ligação significativa relacionada ao câncer, e os mecanismos que as células utilizam para suportar ambientes com intensas necessidades energéticas e o envolvimento da atividade da via PPP, ainda precisam ser melhor compreendido, tendo em vista que, pode ser regulada positivamente no câncer e se tornar um alvo atrativo em busca de prognósticos de tumores e definir novos tratamentos oncológicos.
Desempenho agronômico da alface com diferentes substratos orgânicos e sombreamentos
Authors: Silva Antônio Veimar da , Silva Carla Michelle da , Oliveira Filho Manoel Cícero de , Albano Júnior José de Oliveira , Silva Neto José Vitorino da , Silva João Henrique Barbosa da , Vaz Milena Almeida , Leal Francisco Reinaldo Rodrigues
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes substratos orgânico na produção da alface submetidos a diferentes condições de luminosidade, usando telas de sombreamentos de 30, 50, 70 e 80% desombreamento e um campo aberto. Os substratos orgânicos utilizados foram o Mata-pasto, Flor de Seda, Jitirana, Esterco bovino e o produto comercial Basaplant (testemunha). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 5 com 4 repetições. Foi observado que os ambientes protegidos reduziram a temperatura do ar média e máxima, a luminosidade média e máxima e a Umidade relativa do ar média e máxima em comparação com o campo aberto. Os produtos Flor de seda e Mata-pasto, no geral, se mostrou superior aos demais adubos orgânicos. Para o cultivo de alface em locais onde a temperatura e a luminosidades são altas e a umidade do ar são baixas, autilização de tela de sombrites entre 50 e 70% de sombreamentos são as recomedadas.
Auto-ética: um saber para ressignificar a docência
Authors: Arruda Marina Patrício de , Soave Claudia , Rosa Geraldo Antônio da
Published: December 2020

Esse artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a auto-ética como um saber para ressignificar a docência. Pela reflexão saberes docentes podem ser problematizados e ressignificados. A ressignificação se configura no processo criativo do professor de atribuir novos significados a partir do que já é conhecido, dando um novo sentido ao contexto em que está inserido. A auto-ética compreendida como ética da religação contrapõe-se a saberes fragmentados e disciplinares e exige uma transição paradigmática para a construção do saber da religação. Trata de uma revisão narrativa, a partir de livros, artigos e conceitos utilizados por Edgar Morin e outros autores que buscam aproximar teoria da complexidade das discussões acerca dos saberes docentes.
Análise temporal da dengue associada a fatores climáticos em Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brasil, de 2010 a 2019
Authors: Morais Petrúcio Luiz Lins de , Castanha Priscila Mayrelle Silva , Nascimento Gabriela Isabel Limoeiro Alves , Montarroyos Ulisses Ramos
Published: December 2020

Nos últimos cinco anos, o número de casos de Dengue vem crescendo acentuadamente na cidade de Garanhuns (Pernambuco). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar uma análise de séries temporais de casos de Dengue no município de médio porte, associadas a fatores climáticos que contribuem para a ocorrência dessa doença com previsões, facilitando assim um melhor controle e prevenção de contaminações. Metodologia: Foi aplicado o modelo autorregressivo de médias móveis sazonais com variáveis exógenas (SARIMAX) - modelo de regressão linear que envolve um processo do modelo SARIMA. Além da análise gráfica da decomposição das séries temporais, foi utilizado o teste de Dickey-Fuller para avaliar a estacionariedade das séries. Considerando o comportamento sazonal e a não estacionariedade das séries temporais, o modelo ajustado teve como parâmetro o modelo SARIMA (p, d, q) (P, D, Q), sendo aplicado o critério Akaike Information (AIC) para a seleção do melhor modelo, utilizando o software R Resultado: Considerando o componente sazonal e a não estacionariedade das séries temporais, o modelo com melhor ajuste foi o SARIMA (0,1,3) (0,1,1), nível de significância de 5% (p-valor = 0,01). O modelo SARIMAX (0, 1, 3) (0, 1, 1) mais o efeito da temperatura e da umidade foram adequados para relatar a incidência de Dengue. Na correlação, o incremento do componente temperatura foi maior do que a umidade no número de casos de Dengue.
Thermal analysis in an air conditioning duct: An experimental design approach
Authors: Gomez Ricardo Soares , Porto Túlio Rafael Nascimento , Gomes Kelly Cristiane , Lima João Alves de , Gurgel José Maurício Alves de Matos , Magalhães Hortência Luma Fernandes , Lima Elisiane Santana de , Lima Wanderson Magno Paiva Barbosa de , Lima Antonio Gilson Barbosa de
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of this work is to perform a thermal analysis in an air conditioning duct to verify the influence of the thermal properties of the insulating material on the minimum thermal insulation thickness necessary to avoid the condensation of water vapor present in the air. The mathematical formulation is based on Fourier’s law and the first law of thermodynamics. A response surface, a contour plot and a mathematical model for the analyzed response variable, were obtained from an experimental design. Results indicate that the reduction of thermal conductivity and increase of emissivity of the insulating material contribute to the reduction of the minimum thermal insulation thickness.
Complicações apresentadas por pacientes com injúria renal aguda que utilizaram furosemida associada ou não a reposição de albumina
Authors: Borges Júnior Antônio Monteiro , Figueiredo João Paulo Moraes Pereira , Sousa Albert Bacelar de
Published: December 2020

A injúria renal aguda ou lesão renal aguda (LRA) é uma síndrome caracterizada por um declínio súbito da função renal. A furosemida é o diurético mais utilizado nessas condições e estudos têm comprovado que tanto este fármaco como a albumina estão envolvidos na indução da diurese e natriurese, diminuindo assim, as complicações a curto e longo prazo. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar as complicações apresentadas por pacientes acometidos com LRA que fizeram uso de furosemida associada ou não a reposição de albumina em uma UTI. Foram analisados os prontuários de pacientes internados no Hospital Menandro de Farias entre os anos de 2012 a 2017. Sendo incluídos no estudo os pacientes internados na UTI, independente do diagnóstico de entrada, que cursaram com LRA e fizeram uso de furosemida associada ou não à albumina, e que necessitaram ou não de diálise. Os pacientes sabidamente portadores de lesão renal crônica foram excluídos do estudo. Os pacientes que fizeram uso apenas da furosemida foram menos submetidos a hemodiálise e apresentaram maiores valores de ureia e creatinina sérica ao fim do internamento. Não houve alteração no desfecho hospitalar entre os pacientes que fizeram uso da furosemida isolada ou associada a albumina. Contudo, indivíduos os quais utilizaram apenas da furosemida apresentaram uma menor necessidade de serem submetidos a terapia de hemodiálise.
Tecnologia leve utilizando educação em saúde sobre a higienização das mãos em Alojamento Conjunto: um relato de experiência
Authors: Santos Larissa Thaís  Omena dos , Ildefonso Mirelly Barbosa Cortez , Rodrigues Paula Danielle Cavalcante , Silva Jovânia Marques de Oliveira e
Published: December 2020

Objetivou-se descrever a ação sobre higienização das mãos, realizada em Alojamento Conjunto de um hospital universitário do Nordeste do Brasil, por meio da utilização de tecnologia leve, uma vez que, há grande potencial deste tipo de tecnologia em agregar vínculo e adesão ao que se é abordado. Além disso, é fundamental, o envolvimento de toda equipe neste processo, como por exemplo, os estudantes de enfermagem, visto que, essa profissão tem caráter educador e promotor do cuidado. A fim de ações voltadas a esse assunto, este estudo é um relato de experiência, com pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e do tipo descritivo-exploratório, de modo que, foi utilizado como estratégia, objetos como, vendas oculares, tinta guache e uma paródia com vista à sensibilização dos profissionais. De fato, tornou-se necessário, desenvolver uma iniciativa para sensibilizar os profissionais quanto à higienização das mãos, utilizando-se da educação em saúde. Portanto, é evidente que a experiência de uma intervenção baseada em tecnologias leves oportunizou a associação da teoria à prática, sendo notório que ações deste tipo devem ser abordadas com frequência. Pois, traz benefícios, tais como, o possível aumento da adesão da higienização das mãos por meio da melhoria nas condições estruturais no setor, que permitam ao profissional a realização das medidas preventivas de infecções em momentos propícios.
Analisis Framing Kontra Narasi Terorisme dan Radikalisme di Media Sosial (Studi Kasus pada Akun @dutadamaijabar)
Authors:   UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Indonesia, Rustandi Ridwan
Published: December 2020

The spread of terrorism and radicalism is carried out in new ways through digital technology media such as the internet. One of the most used virtual social relations spaces in the world is social media. Based on data, until 2020, active social media users in the world reach 3.5 billion people, while in Indonesia, it reaches 132 million people. This research is focused on exploring the counter-narrative of terrorism and radicalism carried out by the West Java Regional Peaceful World Maya Ambassador through the @dutadamaijabar Instagram account. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach through framing analysis. The Gamson and Modigliani models were selected to describe the media packaging kits produced by @dutadamaijabar. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, documentation techniques, and literature study. The results of the study concluded that the counter-narrative orientation of terrorism and radicalism @dutadamaijabar includes two forms, namely online and offline. The content production process involves three main areas, namely the blogger team, DKV, and IT. The core frame is built on three main issues, namely the nationalism-oriented narrative, a narrative of peace based on religious moderation, and a humanitarian narrative by reinforcing tolerance. Meanwhile, condensing symbols are formed by linking text, video, audio, images, and other forms by the counter-narrative core framing. Framing of media content is carried out by following the framework of framing devices and reasoning devices. Research has implications for the process of mapping and producing social media content in the context of counter-narrative terrorism and radicalism in cyberspace.
Diel vertical migration of a Southern Ocean euphausiid, Euphausia triacantha, and its metabolic response to consequent short-term temperature changes
Authors: Liszka CM , Robinson C , Manno C , Stowasser G , Tarling GA
Published: December 2020

Diel vertical migration is a widespread behaviour amongst zooplankton, yet its effect on the rate at which individuals respire remains poorly understood. To address this, we investigated the effect of short-term temperature change on the respiration rate ofEuphausia triacantha, a common component of the Southern Ocean zooplankton and a prominent vertical migrator. We found respiration to vary in response to size, with a value of 0.84 for the scaling coefficient,b. When scaled tob, respiration varied strongly in response to transitory temperature change, ranging from 0.37 to 1.65 µl O2mg dry weight (DW)-bh-1between 0.17 and 4.74°C, resulting in aQ10of 3.6. ThisQ10is higher than found by other studies examining the short-term respiration response of euphausiids, including those taking a multi-species perspective. This indicates thatE. triacanthashows little compensation during short-term exposure to temperatures normally encountered during migration. Furthermore, it shows a distinct metabolic cost to diel vertical migration (DVM) when substantive changes in temperature are encountered over the course of the transit. This temporal variability in respiration rate has important implications for how community respiration is estimated, and for our understanding of DVM behaviour. Our results also have particular relevance to estimating the flux and sequestration of respiratory products, such as dissolved carbon dioxide, to and within the ocean interior.
APPRECIATING POSITIVITY OF COVID-19
Authors: Acob Joel Rey Ugsang
Published: December 2020

This article aims to decipher the effects of COVID-19 on humans, thus maintaining the equanimity of life. Ecclesiastes continually radiates its significance these trying times with the operation that everything has its season under heavens. Only an undesirable and existential peril like COVID-19 steered to such profound transformation vastly. The portrayal is considered some of the many obvious outgrowths of the COVID-19 plague. Compared to 2019, levels of pollution have significantly subtracted to 50% because of the measures to ensure the virus is contained. Recognizing health-wealth worth took place when the world watches someone busy picking up the pieces of their lives amidst helpless speculators. In the busyness of life, most, if not all, rarely spend time to slow down, stay home, and go inward. The pandemic teaches us lessons about relationships. The invisible lines that divide people into strata - religion, sex, age, and country have all disappeared as humanity is confronted with this menace as people.
NURSES’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEGREE OF MISSED NURSING CARE IN THE PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN HAIL CITY, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Alshammari Mohammed Hamdan , Pacheco Haidee , Pasay-an Eddieson , Alshammari Farhan , Alsharari Abdalkareem , Felemban Ebaa , Dayrit Richard Dennis
Published: December 2020

Background: Literature suggests that merely omitting nursing care can put patients in danger and that avoiding these omissions potentially prevents deaths in hospitals.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the perspective on the degree of missed nursing care among hospital nurses as it relates to their demographic profile.

Method: A quantitative comparative research design was employed in this study. The study was conducted in the public hospitals in Hail City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study participants were 317 staff nurses, chosen through a simple random sampling, from the public hospitals of Hail City. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire between February and June of 2019.

Results: The overall mean of the participants’ reported scores was “never missed” at 4.62. Statistically significant results were found in terms of the number of children (0.001), years of experience (0.004), unit of assignment (0.001), and the level of satisfaction with the profession (0.001). All other variables such as gender, age, marital status, and shift were found insignificant, where all of the p-values were more than 0.05.

Conclusion: Nurses who had more children, a greater lack of experience, were assigned to a complex unit, and were less satisfied in the profession were more likely to miss nursing care. As such, these errors can compromise the outcomes of nursing care in hospitals.
ONE YEAR OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: NURSING RESEARCH PRIORITIES FOR THE NEW NORMAL ERA
Authors: Gunawan Joko , Aungsuroch Yupin , Fisher Mary L
Published: December 2020

N/A
miR-7 AND miR-34a sequence cloning and expression in a1235 glioblastoma cell line
Authors: Kolic Dora , Horvat Luka , Setinc Maja , Antica Mariastefania , Matulic Maja
Published: December 2020

miRNAs are small
non-coding RNAs which have an important role in signalling circuits regulating
different cell processes. miR-7 and miR-34a are known as tumour suppressors,
and both of them can interfere with cell proliferation, differentiation,
apoptosis and migration. We constructed plasmids containing pri-miRNA sequences
for these two miRNAs and introduced them into the A1235 glioblastoma cell line.
Clones containing increased expression of processed miR-7 and miR-34a were
obtained. The proliferation and sensitivity to alkylation agent of transfected
cells were similar to those of control cells. Our results indicate that an
increase in miR-7 and miR34 expression alone in A1235 glioblastoma cells is not
sufficient to change their proliferation or sensitivity to the influence of
alkylating agents.
A new case of intragenic
deletion of the TCF4 gene without
features of Pitt-Hopkins syndrome
Authors: Morozin Pohovski Leona , Bobinec Adriana , Measic Ana-Maria , Sansovic Ivona , Barisic Ingeborg
Published: December 2020

Different genomic
alterations affecting the TCF4 gene are usually associated with Pitt-Hopkins
syndrome (PTHS). This syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder
characterized by distinctive facial features, abnormal breathing, psychomotor
delay and severe intellectual disability (ID). The genomic alterations include
whole or partial gene deletion; balanced translocation disrupting the coding
sequence of the gene; and intragenic variants. The TCF4 gene encodes a basic
helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor 4. Using alternative promoters,
TCF4 can be transcribed from a number of alternative initial exons, allowing
for translation of variable protein isoforms containing different functional
domains. Full-length TCF4 has two activation domains (AD1 and AD2) that are
thought to modulate transcriptional activity, a NLS domain (nuclear
localization signal) that controls subcellular localization and bHLH domain.
Typical PTHS patients have aberration localized between exons 9 and 18 of the
gene. On the other hand, variants affecting the first protein coding exons give
rise to mild non-syndromic ID. We present a ten-year-old girl with psychomotor
delay and mild ID without the typical features of PTHS. Genetic investigation
using array-based comparative genomic hybridization, revealed a 73.45 kb
deletion within the TCF4 gene. The deletion encompassing only exon 6
(NM_001083962). This deletion was not detected in both parents. Cytogenetic
analysis excluded balanced translocation disrupting the coding sequence of the
gene. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case described in
literature involving only exon 6. The findings in our patients support the
notion that position of the alteration in TCF4 is relevant to the phenotype.
Reporting our case we want to contribute to the phenotype-genotype correlation
in patients with intragenomic deletion of TCF4 gene.
Selective Abstention in Simultaneous Elections: Understanding the Turnout Gap
Authors: Dehdari Sirus , Meriläinen Jaakko , Oskarsson Sven
Published: December 2020

If two elections are held at the same day, why do some people choose to vote in one but to abstain in another? We argue that selective abstention is driven by the same factors that determine voter turnout. Our empirical analysis focuses on Sweden where the (aggregate) turnout gap between local and national elections has been about 2-3%. Rich administrative registry data reveal that people from higher socio-economic backgrounds, immigrants, women, older individuals, and people who have been less geographically mobile are less likely to selectively abstain.
Design, Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a YFP-Tagged 2019-nCoV Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Construct
Authors: Bierig Tobias , Collu Gabriella , Blanc Alain , Poghosyan Emiliya , Benoit Roger M.
Published: December 2020

2019-nCoV is the causative agent of the serious, still ongoing, worldwide coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. High quality recombinant virus proteins are required for research related to the development of vaccines and improved assays, and to the general understanding of virus action. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the 2019-nCoV spike (S) protein contains disulfide bonds and N-linked glycosylations, therefore, it is typically produced by secretion. Here, we describe a construct and protocol for the expression and purification of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) labeled 2019-nCoV spike RBD. The fusion protein, in the vector pcDNA 4/TO, comprises an N-terminal interferon alpha 2 (IFNα2) signal peptide, an eYFP, a FLAG-tag, a human rhinovirus 3C protease (HRV3C) cleavage site, the RBD of the 2019-nCoV spike protein and a C-terminal 8x His-tag. We stably transfected HEK 293 cells. Following expansion of the cells, the fusion protein was secreted from adherent cells into serum-free medium. Ni-NTA immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) purification resulted in very high protein purity, based on analysis by SDS-PAGE. The fusion protein was soluble and monodisperse, as confirmed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and negative staining electron microscopy. Deglycosylation experiments confirmed the presence of N-linked glycosylations in the secreted protein. Complex formation with the peptidase domain of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor for the 2019-nCoV spike RBD, was confirmed by SEC, both for the YFP-fused spike RBD and for spike RBD alone, after removal of YFP by proteolytic cleavage. Possible applications for the fusion protein include binding studies on cells or in vitro, fluorescent labeling of potential virus-binding sites on cells, the use as an antigen for immunization studies or as a tool for the development of novel virus- or antibody-detection assays.
Chemical Decorations of “MARs” Residents in Orchestrating Eukaryotic Gene Regulation
Authors: Roychowdhury Tanaya , Chattopadhyay Samit
Published: December 2020

Genome organization plays a crucial role in gene regulation, orchestrating multiple cellular functions. A meshwork of proteins constituting a three-dimensional (3D) matrix helps in maintaining the genomic architecture. Sequences of DNA that are involved in tethering the chromatin to the matrix are called scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs), and the proteins that bind to these sequences and mediate tethering are termed S/MAR-binding proteins (S/MARBPs). The regulation of S/MARBPs is important for cellular functions and is altered under different conditions. Limited information is available presently to understand the structure–function relationship conclusively. Although all S/MARBPs bind to DNA, their context- and tissue-specific regulatory roles cannot be justified solely based on the available information on their structures. Conformational changes in a protein lead to changes in protein–protein interactions (PPIs) that essentially would regulate functional outcomes. A well-studied form of protein regulation is post-translational modification (PTM). It involves disulfide bond formation, cleavage of precursor proteins, and addition or removal of low-molecular-weight groups, leading to modifications like phosphorylation, methylation, SUMOylation, acetylation, PARylation, and ubiquitination. These chemical modifications lead to varied functional outcomes by mechanisms like modifying DNA–protein interactions and PPIs, altering protein function, stability, and crosstalk with other PTMs regulating subcellular localizations. S/MARBPs are reported to be regulated by PTMs, thereby contributing to gene regulation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding, scope, disease implications, and future perspectives of the diverse PTMs regulating functions of S/MARBPs.
Inkjet Printing-Based Immobilization Method for a Single-Step and Homogeneous Competitive Immunoassay in Microchannel Arrays
Authors: Kawai Yuko , Shirai Akihiro , Kakuta Masaya , Idegami Kotaro , Sueyoshi Kenji , Endo Tatsuro , Hisamoto Hideaki
Published: December 2020

In this study, we report an inkjet printing-based method for the immobilization of different reactive analytical reagents on a single microchannel for a single-step and homogeneous solution-based competitive immunoassay. The immunoassay microdevice is composed of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchannel that is patterned using inkjet printing by two types of reactive reagents as dissolvable spots, namely, antibody-immobilized graphene oxide and a fluorescently labeled antigen. Since nanoliter-sized droplets of the reagents could be accurately and position-selectively spotted on the microchannel, different reactive reagents were simultaneously immobilized onto the same microchannel, which was difficult to achieve in previously reported capillary-based single-step bioassay devices. In the present study, the positions of the reagent spots and amount of reagent matrix were investigated to demonstrate the stable and reproducible immobilization and a uniform dissolution. Finally, a preliminary application to a single-step immunoassay of C-reactive protein was demonstrated as a proof of concept.
En Route to a Chiral Melanin: The Dynamic “From-Imprinted-to-Template” Supramolecular Role of Porphyrin Hetero-Aggregates During the Oxidative Polymerization of L-DOPA
Authors: Gaeta Massimiliano , Randazzo Rosalba , Villari Valentina , Micali Norberto , Pezzella Alessandro , Purrello Roberto , d'Ischia Marco , D'Urso Alessandro
Published: December 2020

Chiral porphyrin hetero-aggregates, produced from meso-tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrin H2T4 and copper(II) meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin CuTPPS by an imprinting effect in the presence of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), are shown herein to serve as templates for the generation of chiral structures during the oxidative conversion of the amino acid to melanin. This remarkable phenomenon is suggested to involve the initial role of L-DOPA and related chiral intermediates like dopachrome as templates for the production of chiral porphyrin aggregates. When the entire chiral pool from DOPA is lost, chiral porphyrin hetero-aggregate would elicit axially chiral oligomer formation from 5,6-dihydroxyindole intermediates in the later stages of melanin synthesis. These results, if corroborated by further studies, may open unprecedented perspectives for efficient strategies of asymmetric melanin synthesis with potential biological and technological applications.
Public Perceptions of Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal: The Nature-Engineering Divide?
Authors: Bertram Christine , Merk Christine
Published: December 2020

Public acceptability is a standard element on the list of potential constraints on research and deployment of ocean-based carbon dioxide removal (CDR). We outline past work on the public perceptions and acceptability of ocean-based CDR among laypersons covering the main developments over the past 15 years. We compare and synthesize insights from two distinct strands of literature – one on climate engineering approaches and the other on coastal ecosystem management or blue carbon approaches. We also draw conclusions from studies on land-based CDR for emerging ocean-based approaches. Main determinants of perceptions identified in the past are controllability, environmental impacts, containment, permanence of carbon storage, risks and benefits for the local population as well as to which degree an approach is perceived as natural or engineered. We highlight how these aspects may influence perceptions and acceptability of ocean-based CDR approaches which have not yet been on the agenda of perceptions research. Even though ocean-based CDR approaches cannot be neatly divided into categories, the public's tendency to favor approaches perceived more as natural over approaches perceived more as engineering could result in a dilemma between approaches with possibly high carbon sequestration potential but low levels of acceptability and approaches with possibly low sequestration potential but high levels of acceptability. To effectively work toward achieving net-zero carbon emissions by mid-century, however, we need to bridge the gap between natural and engineering-type approaches, also in research, to come up with a broad portfolio of CDR options to complement classic mitigation and adaptation measures.
Measuring Discriminatory Social Norms Against Children With Disabilities to Improve Communication-Based Programs
Authors: Stevens Sarah C. , Sood Suruchi , Mertz Nicole , Kostizak Kelli
Published: December 2020

In the Europe and Central Asia region, there are at least five million children diagnosed with some type of disability. These children are likely to be subjected to stigmatization and marginalization, which can lead to discrimination and reduction in access to social services. A pilot study was developed to examine factors affecting the treatment of children with disabilities from a holistic, systematic perspective. Stratified by the social ecological model, 450 respondents participated in a structured interview designed to measure knowledge, attitudes, norms, marginalization, and stigma. The results yielded four conclusions. First, it showed that professionals did not rate differently on the constructs of the conceptual model when compared to nonprofessionals. Second, norms are likely affecting the treatment of children with disabilities. Third, the study shows that there is not enough emphasis on educating and involving community members to improve the treatment and protect the rights of children with disabilities. Finally, the results emphasize the importance of approaching disability from a comprehensive social ecological perspective.
Aftershock Rate Changes at Different Ocean Tide Heights
Authors: Shebalin P. N. , Baranov A. A.
Published: December 2020

The differential probability gain approach is used to estimate quantitatively the change in aftershock rate at various levels of ocean tides relative to the average rate model. An aftershock sequences are analyzed from two regions with high ocean tides, Kamchatka and New Zealand. The Omori-Utsu law is used to model the decay over time, hypothesizing an invariable spatial distribution. Ocean tide heights are considered rather than phases. A total of 16 sequences of M ≥6 aftershocks off Kamchatka and 15 sequences of M ≥6 aftershocks off New Zealand are examined. The heights of the ocean tides at various locations were modeled using FES 2004. Vertical stress changes due to ocean tides are here about 10–20 kPa, that is, at least several times greater than the effect due to Earth tides. An increase in aftershock rate is observed by more than two times at high water after main M ≥6 shocks in Kamchatka, with slightly less pronounced effect for the earthquakes of M = 7.8, December 15, 1971 and M = 7.8, December 5, 1997. For those two earthquakes, the maximum of the differential probability gain function is also observed at low water. For New Zealand, we also observed an increase in aftershock rate at high water after thrust type main shocks with M ≥6. After normal-faulting main shocks there was the tendency of the rate increasing at low water. For the aftershocks of the strike-slip main shocks we observed a less evident impact of the ocean tides on their rate. This suggests two main mechanisms of the impact of ocean tides on seismicity rate, an increase in pore pressure at high water, or a decrease in normal stress at low water, both resulting in a decrease of the effective friction in the fault zone.
A Long-Term Geothermal Observatory Across Subseafloor Gas Hydrates, IODP Hole U1364A, Cascadia Accretionary Prism
Authors: Becker Keir , Davis Earl E. , Heesemann Martin , Collins John A. , McGuire Jeffrey J.
Published: December 2020

We report 4 years of temperature profiles collected from May 2014 to May 2018 in Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Hole U1364A in the frontal accretionary prism of the Cascadia subduction zone. The temperature data extend to depths of nearly 300 m below seafloor (mbsf), spanning the gas hydrate stability zone at the location and a clear bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) at ∼230 mbsf. When the hole was drilled in 2010, a pressure-monitoring Advanced CORK (ACORK) observatory was installed, sealed at the bottom by a bridge plug and cement below 302 mbsf. In May 2014, a temperature profile was collected by lowering a probe down the hole from the ROV ROPOS. From July 2016 through May 2018, temperature data were collected during a nearly two-year deployment of a 24-thermistor cable installed to 268 m below seafloor (mbsf). The cable and a seismic-tilt instrument package also deployed in 2016 were connected to the Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) NEPTUNE cabled observatory in June of 2017, after which the thermistor temperatures were logged by Ocean Networks Canada at one-minute intervals until failure of the main ethernet switch in the integrated seafloor control unit in May 2018. The thermistor array had been designed with concentrated vertical spacing around the bottom-simulating reflector and two pressure-monitoring screens at 203 and 244 mbsf, with wider thermistor spacing elsewhere to document the geothermal state up to seafloor. The 4 years of data show a generally linear temperature gradient of 0.055°C/m consistent with a heat flux of 61–64 mW/m2. The data show no indications of thermal transients. A slight departure from a linear gradient provides an approximate limit of ∼10−10 m/s for any possible slow upward advection of pore fluids. In-situ temperatures are ∼15.8°C at the BSR position, consistent with methane hydrate stability at that depth and pressure.
Genetic Variation of Typical Plant Species in Hay Meadows: The Effect of Land Use History, Landscape Structure, and Habitat Quality
Authors: Pagel Ellen , Lehmair Theresa A. , Poschlod Peter , Reisch Christoph
Published: December 2020

Global changes in land use are threatening the diversity of many ecosystems on both the intra- and interspecific levels. Among these ecosystems are the species-rich hay meadows, which have drastically declined in quality and quantity, due to land use intensification or abandonment in recent decades. The remaining genetic resources of their plant species must therefore be protected. To determine the driving forces impacting genetic variation in common hay meadow species (Dactylis glomerata, Heracleum sphondylium, andTrifolium pratense), we used data on the land use history, historic and present landscape structure and habitat quality. Our results showed average genetic diversity within the study sites, with low differentiation levels and a high gene flow among grasslands. Land use history, landscape structure and habitat quality were found to be related to the distribution of genetic diversity in the studied species, highlighting the complex forces acting in these ecosystems and showing the specific impact of litter accumulation on genetic diversity. Both historic and current environmental variables influence genetic diversity, demonstrating the importance of the land use history of a habitat. The most important group of variables impacting genetic variation in all three species was the landscape structure (e.g., distance to the nearest-located urban area or grassland). Also important was the influence of litter cover on genetic diversity inD. glomerata, which provides an interesting starting point for further research.
MHC-Based Mate Choice in Wild Golden Snub-Nosed Monkeys
Authors: Zhang Bing-yi , Hu Han-yu , Song Chun-mei , Huang Kang , Dunn Derek W. , Yang Xi , Wang Xiao-wei , Zhao Hai-tao , Wang Cheng-liang , Zhang Pei , Li Bao-guo
Published: December 2020

The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are an important component of the vertebrate immune system and play a significant role in mate choice in many species. However, it remains unclear whether female mate choice in non-human primates is based on specific functional genes and/or genome-wide genes. The golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) lives in a multilevel society, which consists of several polygynous one-male-several-female units. Although adult females tend to mainly socialize with one adult male, females often initiate extra-pair copulations with other males resulting in a high proportion of offspring being fathered by extra-pair males. We investigated the effects of adaptive MHC genes and neutral microsatellites on female mate choice in a wild R. roxellana population. We sequenced 54 parent-offspring triads using two MHC class II loci (Rhro-DQA1 and Rhro-DQB1) and 20 microsatellites from 3 years of data. We found that the paternities of offspring were non-randomly associated with male MHC compositions not microsatellite genotypes. Our study showed that the fathers of all infants had significantly less variance for several estimates of genetic similarity to the mothers compared with random males at both MHC loci. Additionally, the MHC diversity of these fathers was significantly higher than random males. We also found support for choice based on specific alleles; compared with random males, Rhro-DQA1∗ 05 and Rhro-DQB1∗ 08 were more common in both the OMU (one-male unit) males and the genetic fathers of offspring. This study provides new evidence for female mate choice for MHC-intermediate dissimilarity (rather than maximal MHC dissimilarity) and highlights the importance of incorporating multiple MHC loci and social structure into studies of MHC-based mate choice in non-human primates.
Context Is Key: Delineating the Unique Functions of IFNα and IFNβ in Disease
Authors: Fox Lindsey E. , Locke Marissa C. , Lenschow Deborah J.
Published: December 2020

Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical effector cytokines of the immune system and were originally known for their important role in protecting against viral infections; however, they have more recently been shown to play protective or detrimental roles in many disease states. Type I IFNs consist of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNϵ, IFNκ, IFNω, and a few others, and they all signal through a shared receptor to exert a wide range of biological activities, including antiviral, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. Though the individual type I IFN subtypes possess overlapping functions, there is growing appreciation that they also have unique properties. In this review, we summarize some of the mechanisms underlying differential expression of and signaling by type I IFNs, and we discuss examples of differential functions of IFNα and IFNβ in models of infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity.