bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis de una narración interactiva sobre la Primera Guerra Mundial
Authors: Fusté Giró Cristina
Published: May 2019

El webdoc sobre la Primera Guerra Mundial en The Guardian nos ofrece un claro ejemplo de cómo la linealidad de la historia puede ser distinta para cualquier usuario si así se lo facilita el autor, de cómo dejar al usuario que escoja cómo leer la historia y a partir de qué recursos.
Entrevista a Bani Brusadin, creador del festival The Influencers
Authors: Irma Vilà
Published: May 2019

Hace 14 años Bani Brusadin creó el festival de arte no convencional ‘The Influencers’. Cada año desde entonces, el festival ha invitado a artistas, hacktivistas e investigadores a compartir sus proyectos inusuales, invenciones rebeldes y aventuras en el reino inestable donde la tecnología cotidiana y la imaginación colectiva colisionan, a menudo con resultados inesperados.
The key genes involved in herpes simplex virus-1 corneal infection-induced acute hepatitis
Authors: Hu Kai , Li Jinlong , Yuan Xianwen
Published: May 2019

Background: Viral keratitis is mainly induced by herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV-1 infection-induced acute hepatitis associates with immunodeficiency. Related biomarkers have not been systemically identified till now. This study was designed to explore the molecular mechanisms and potential biomarkers of HSV-1 infection-induced acute hepatitis.

Methods: Microarray dataset GSE35943, including the liver tissues infected by HSV-1 (1, 3, 5, and 7 days post infection) and the corresponding control tissues, was extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using and were clustered using time series expression analysis. DEG-associated KEGG pathways were called using online DAVID tool. Using Cytoscape software, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built and significant network modules were identified.

Results: A total of 2909 DEGs grouping into 3 clusters with similar gene expression profiles were obtained. The DEGs were involved in immune-associated functional terms and pathways like natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and antigen processing and presentation. DEGs including PIK3R1, PIK3CD, PLCG2, PTPN6, LCK, RAC2, and PLK1 had higher degrees in the PPI network and 8 significant modules

Conclusion: PIK3R1, PIK3CD, PLCG2, PTPN6, LCK, RAC2 and PLK1 were identified to be associated with HSV-1 corneal infection-induced hepatitis, and might be potential clinical biomarkers for the diagnosis of HSV-1-induced hepatitis.
A proposed update for the classification and description of bacterial lipolytic enzymes
Authors: Hitch Thomas C A , Clavel Thomas
Published: May 2019

Bacterial lipolytic enzymes represent an important class of proteins: they provide their host species with access to additional resources and have multiple applications within the biotechnology sector. Since the formalisation of lipolytic enzymes into families and subfamilies, advances in molecular biology have led to the discovery of lipolytic enzymes unable to be classified via the existing system. Utilising sequence-based comparison methods, we have integrated these novel families within the classification system proposed by Arpigny and Jaeger (1999) and recently updated by Kovacic et al (2019) so that it now consists of 35 families and 11 true lipase subfamilies. Representative sequences for each family and subfamily have been defined as well as methodology for accurate comparison of novel sequences against the reference proteins, facilitating the future assignment of novel proteins. Both the code and protein sequences required for integration of additional families are available at: https://github.com/thh32/Lipase_reclassification
Fast and flexible sequence induction in spiking neural networks via rapid excitability changes
Authors: Pang Rich , Fairhall Adrienne L
Published: May 2019

Cognitive flexibility likely depends on modulation of the dynamics underlying how biological neural networks process information. While dynamics can be reshaped by gradually modifying connectivity, less is known about mechanisms operating on faster timescales. A compelling entrypoint to this problem is the observation that exploratory behaviors can rapidly cause selective hippocampal sequences to ‘replay’ during rest. Using a spiking network model, we asked whether simplified replay could arise from three biological components: fixed recurrent connectivity; stochastic ‘gating’ inputs; and rapid gating input scaling via long-term potentiation of intrinsic excitability (LTP-IE). Indeed, these enabled both forward and reverse replay of recent sensorimotor-evoked sequences, despite unchanged recurrent weights. LTP-IE ‘tags’ specific neurons with increased spiking probability under gating input, and ordering is reconstructed from recurrent connectivity. We further show how LTP-IE can implement temporary stimulus-response mappings. This elucidates a novel combination of mechanisms that might play a role in rapid cognitive flexibility.
Mapping the emerging burden of dengue
Authors: Brady Oliver
Published: May 2019

The first nationally-representative survey of dengue has revealed the growing burden of the disease in Bangladesh.
Accidental Falls Involving Elderly People: An Integrative Literature Review / Acidentes por Quedas em Pessoas Idosas: Um Estudo de Revisão
Authors: Miguel Maria das Graças Duarte , Moreira Maria Adelaide Silva Paredes , Ferreira Olívia Galvão Lucena , Veloso Laura de Sousa Gomes , Silva Haydee Cassé da , Silva Antônia Oliveira
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Identificar as produções científicas sobre acidentes por quedas em pessoas idosas no período entre 2012 a 2016. Método: Estudo descritivo, do tipo Revisão Integrativo de Literatura, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra foi composta por 69 produções científicas referenciadas na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (SCIELO, LILACS e BDENF), selecionadas em 2017, a partir dos descritores “acidentes por quedas”, “idosos” e “envelhecimento”, conforme critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos. Como instrumento para coleta dos dados utilizou-se roteiro estruturado no sentido de extrair as principais variáveis dos artigos. Os dados coletados foram organizados em planilhas e submetidos à análise quantitativa por meio de estatística descritiva simples (frequência absoluta e percentual). Resultados: Encontrou-se maior quantitativo de publicações em 2012, nas bibliotecas virtuais SCIELO e LILACS, com uma linearidade decrescente ao longo dos anos. Mais de 50% dos artigos produzidos foram de responsabilidade de estudiosos da fisioterapia e da enfermagem; a Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia foi a que mais publicou sobre tais acidentes (n=12; 17,9%); houve predomínio de estudos da região sudeste e sul, que, juntas, totalizaram a maioria de publicações registradas no país (63,77%). O método de análise de dados quantitativo representou 94,20% (n=65) e o qualitativo foram 4,35% (n=3) dos estudos identificados. Conclusão: O olhar dos profissionais da saúde para a pesquisa e a publicação referente aos acidentes por quedas ainda são escassos, apesar de esses eventos acontecerem com frequência e serem sugestivos de um grave problema de saúde pública com tendência a morbi-mortalidade das pessoas idosas.
HDAC7‐mediated control of tumour microenvironment maintains proliferative and stemness competence of human mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Cutano Valentina , Di Giorgio Eros , Minisini Martina , Picco Raffaella , Dalla Emiliano , Brancolini Claudio
Published: May 2019

HDAC7 is a pleiotropic transcriptional coregulator that controls different cellular fates. Here, we demonstrate that in human mammary epithelial cells, HDAC7 sustains cell proliferation and favours a population of stem‐like cells, by maintaining a proficient microenvironment. In particular, HDAC7 represses a repertoire of cytokines and other environmental factors, including elements of the insulin‐like growth factor signalling pathway, IGFBP6 and IGFBP7. This HDAC7‐regulated secretome signature predicts negative prognosis for luminal A breast cancers. ChIP‐seq experiments revealed that HDAC7 binds locally to the genome, more frequently distal from the transcription start site. HDAC7 can colocalize with H3K27‐acetylated domains and its deletion further increases H3K27ac at transcriptionally active regions. HDAC7 levels are increased in RAS‐transformed cells, in which this protein was required not only for proliferation and cancer stem‐like cell growth, but also for invasive features. We show that an important direct target of HDAC7 is IL24, which is sufficient to suppress the growth of cancer stem‐like cells.
Fibrinogen‐Based Hydrogel Modulus and Ligand Density Effects on Cell Morphogenesis in Two‐Dimensional and Three‐Dimensional Cell Cultures
Authors: Yosef Andrei , Kossover Olga , Mironi‐Harpaz Iris , Mauretti Arianna , Melino Sonia , Mizrahi Joseph , Seliktar Dror
Published: May 2019

There is a need to further explore the convergence of mechanobiology and dimensionality with systematic investigations of cellular response to matrix mechanics in 2D and 3D cultures. Here, a semisynthetic hydrogel capable of supporting both 2D and 3D cell culture is applied to investigate cell response to matrix modulus and ligand density. The culture materials are fabricated from adducts of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PluronicF127 and fibrinogen fragments, formed into hydrogels by free‐radical polymerization, and characterized by shear rheology. Control over the modulus of the materials is accomplished by changing the concentration of synthetic PEG‐diacrylate crosslinker (0.5% w/v), and by altering the molecular length of the PEG (10 and 20 kDa). Control over ligand density is accomplished by changing fibrinogen concentrations from 3 to 12 mg mL−1. In 2D culture, cell motility parameters, including cell speed and persistence time are significantly increased with increasing modulus. In both 2D and 3D culture, cells express vinculin and there is evidence of focal adhesion formation in the high stiffness materials. The modulus‐ and ligand‐dependent morphogenesis response from the cells in 2D culture is contradictory to the same measured response in 3D culture. In 2D culture, anchorage‐dependent cells become more elongated and significantly increase their size with increasing ligand density and matrix modulus. In 3D culture, the same anchorage‐dependent cells become less spindled and significantly reduce their size in response to increasing ligand density and matrix modulus. These differences arise from dimensionality constraints, most notably the encapsulation of cells in a non‐porous hydrogel matrix. These insights underscore the importance of mechanical properties in regulating cell morphogenesis in a 3D culture milieu. The versatility of the hydrogel culture environment further highlights the significance of a modular approach when developing materials that aim to optimize the cell culture environment.
In Vitro and In Vivo Antimicrobial Activity of Antibiotic‐Conjugated Carriers with Rapid pH‐Responsive Release Kinetics
Authors: Kang Sunyoung , Park Gee Ho , Kim Seulah , Kim Jungah , Choi Yoonhwa , Huang Yan , Lee Yan , Choi Tae Hyun
Published: May 2019

Two representative antibiotics, cephradine (CP) and moxifloxacin (MX), are covalently conjugated with a β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)‐based carrier via pH‐responsive 1‐methyl‐2‐(2′‐carboxyethyl) maleic acid amide (MCM) linkers with excellent conjugation efficiency via simple mixing. At pH 5.5, 90% and 80% of the CP and MX, respectively, are released from the carriers within 30 min, in contrast with the much‐delayed release profile at pH 7.4. The in vitro inhibitory effect of β‐CD–MCM–CP on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus is significantly lower than that of free CP at pH 7.4, but it reaches the level of free CP at pH 5.5. Moreover, S. aureus develops significant CP resistance after pretreatment with free CP, whereas the initial CP sensitivity is maintained after pretreatment with β‐CD–MCM–CP at pH 7.4. However, β‐CD–MCM–MX exhibits no such pH‐responsive activity against Bacteroides fragilis, probably due to the insufficient stability of the MX conjugation at pH 7.4. In nondiabetic and diabetic mouse models, β‐CD–MCM–CP significantly reduces the subcutaneous abscess scores and the bacterial counts in the abscess, although this represents only a marginal improvement in antimicrobial activity compared to free CP.
Bioinspired Viscoelastic Capsules: Delivery Vehicles and Beyond
Authors: Etienne Gianluca , Ong Irvine Lian Hao , Amstad Esther
Published: May 2019

Microcapsules are often used as individually dispersed carriers of active ingredients to prolong their shelf life or to protect premature reactions with substances contained in the surrounding. This study goes beyond this application and employs microcapsules as principal building blocks of macroscopic 3D materials with well‐defined granular structures. To achieve this goal and inspired by nature, capsules are fabricated from block‐copolymer surfactants that are functionalized with catechols, a metal‐coordinating motive. These surfactants self‐assemble at the surface of emulsion drops where they are ionically cross‐linked to form viscoelastic capsules that display a low permeability even toward small encapsulants. It is demonstrated that the combination of the mechanical strength, flexibility, and stickiness of the capsules enables their additive manufacturing into macroscopic granular structures. Thereby, they open up new opportunities for 3D printing of soft, self‐healing materials composed of individual compartments that can be functionalized with different types of spatially separated reagents.
Solvent‐Free Aerosol Deposition for Highly Luminescent and Thermally Stable Perovskite‐Ceramic Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Kim Sunghoon , Cho Myung‐Yeon , Kim Ik‐Soo , Kim Won‐Jung , Park Sung‐Han , Baek Seungmin , Oh Jong‐Min , Kim Sang‐Wook
Published: May 2019

Luminescent perovskite structure has been used in a polymer‐encapsulated form for display applications. However, insulating polymers as a host matrix are intrinsically vulnerable to thermal stresses which cause softening distortion or deterioration in thermoplastic polymers. Here, nanostructured CsPbBr3/Al2O3 composite film is developed by aerosol deposition method. At first, CsPbBr3/Al2O3 composite powders with bright and saturated green emission are synthesized. Then, the ceramic composite powder comprising monoclinic CsPbBr3 nanocrystals supported on submicron α‐Al2O3 particles is successfully transformed to a film‐type by aerosol deposition, which enables a nonsolvent‐induced process at room temperature. The deposited films show a pure green spectrum with a narrow full width at half maximum of 17 nm, high long‐term stability at 150 °C for over 20 d, and an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 8%–15%. In general, inorganic films are known to have difficulty with flexibility and patterns. However, the deposited film can be employed in useful applications such as down‐converting materials for an LCD backlight with a wide‐color gamut of 89.2% in Rec. 2020, highly flexible ceramic composite films, multilayer films, patterning of surfaces for an advanced color filter array, and deposition on curved substrates toward diverse display fields.
Water‐Soluble Organic Dyes as Molecular Photocatalysts for H2O2 Evolution
Authors: Gryszel Maciej , Rybakiewicz Renata , Głowacki Eric Daniel
Published: May 2019

Photochemical generation of hydrogen peroxide via oxygen reduction is a critical component of emerging sustainable energy conversion concepts. Light‐absorbing semiconductors as well as electrodes modified with sensitizers typically catalyze oxygen photoreduction to hydrogen peroxide. Here, it is reported that, in contrast to these heterogeneous systems, a homogeneous solution of a metal‐free organic dye can perform the whole catalytic cycle of hydrogen peroxide photoevolution itself. This cycle can proceed with simultaneous oxidation of various organic molecules as electron donors, or even water. In the three water‐soluble dyes that are experimented with, photoevolution of peroxide occurs favorably at neutral to basic pH. The reaction is first order with respect to dye concentration, and evidence implicates a single‐electron reduction pathway with superoxide as an intermediate. Photostability of the dyes over time correlates with increased oxidation potential of the molecule. The finding that hydrogen peroxide can be produced in aqueous solution with single fully organic molecules performing the entire photocatalytic cycle creates a new avenue for the peroxide carbon free energy cycle.
Speech difficulties and patient health communication mediating effects on worry and health‐related quality of life in children, adolescents, and young adults with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Varni James W. , Nutakki Kavitha , Swigonski Nancy L.
Published: May 2019

The objective was to investigate the serial mediating effects of speech difficulties, patient health communication, and disease‐specific worry in the relationship between neurofibromatosis (NF) symptoms (pain and skin symptoms) and total generic health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in children, adolescents, and young adults with NF Type 1 (NF1) from the patient perspective. The Speech, Communication, Worry, Pain, Skin Itch Bother, and Skin Sensations Scales from the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) NF1 Module and the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales were completed in a multi‐site national study by 305 patients ages 5–25 years. A serial multiple mediator model analysis was conducted to test the hypothesized sequential mediating effects of speech difficulties, health communication, and worry as intervening variables in the association between NF1 symptoms and HRQOL. Symptoms predictive effects on total generic HRQOL were serially mediated by speech difficulties, patient health communication, and worry. In predictive analytics models utilizing hierarchical multiple regression analyses with age and gender demographic covariates, the pain, skin itch bother, and skin sensations multiple mediator models accounted for 61%, 59%, and 56% of the variance in generic HRQOL (p < .001), reflecting large effect sizes. Speech difficulties, patient health communication, and disease‐specific worry explain in part the mechanism of symptoms predictive effects on total generic HRQOL in pediatric patients with NF1. Identifying NF1‐specific predictors and serial mediators of total generic HRQOL in pediatric patients with NF1 from the patient perspective enables a patient‐centered comprehensive care approach for children, adolescents, and young adults with NF1.
A comparative study of gut microbiomes in captive nocturnal strepsirrhines
Authors: Bornbusch Sally L. , Greene Lydia K. , McKenney Erin A. , Volkoff Savannah J. , Midani Firas S. , Joseph Gail , Gerhard William A. , Iloghalu Uchenna , Granek Joshua , Gunsch Claudia K.
Published: May 2019

Feeding strategy and diet are increasingly recognized for their roles in governing primate gut microbiome (GMB) composition. Whereas feeding strategy reflects evolutionary adaptations to a host's environment, diet is a more proximate measure of food intake. Host phylogeny, which is intertwined with feeding strategy, is an additional, and often confounding factor that shapes GMBs across host lineages. Nocturnal strepsirrhines are an intriguing and underutilized group in which to examine the links between these three factors and GMB composition. Here, we compare GMB composition in four species of captive, nocturnal strepsirrhines with varying feeding strategies and phylogenetic relationships, but nearly identical diets. We use 16S rRNA sequences to determine gut bacterial composition. Despite similar husbandry conditions, including diet, we find that GMB composition varies significantly across host species and is linked to host feeding strategy and phylogeny. The GMBs of the omnivorous and the frugivorous species were significantly more diverse than were those of the insectivorous and exudativorous species. Across all hosts, GMBs were enriched for bacterial taxa associated with the macronutrient resources linked to the host's respective feeding strategy. Ultimately, the reported variation in microbiome composition suggests that the impacts of captivity and concurrent diet do not overshadow patterns of feeding strategy and phylogeny. As our understanding of primate GMBs progresses, populations of captive primates can provide insight into the evolution of host‐microbe relationships, as well as inform future captive management protocols that enhance primate health and conservation.
Water Docking Bias in [4]Helicene
Authors: Domingos Sérgio R. , Martin Kévin , Avarvari Narcis , Schnell Melanie
Published: May 2019

We report on the one‐ and two‐water clusters of [4]helicene, the smallest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a helical sense, which were captured in the gas phase using high‐resolution rotational spectroscopy. The structures of the complexes are unambiguously revealed using microwave spectra of isotopically enriched species. In the one‐water cluster, the apparent splitting pattern is consistent with a tunneling motion that encompasses an exchange of strongly and weakly bonded water hydrogens. This motion is “locked” in the two‐water cluster. The relevant intermolecular contacts, symmetry, and aromaticity effects are unveiled for the microsolvated chiral topologies. These observations entail the first glance at the structures and internal dynamics of the water binding motifs of a chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Emerging Electron Microscopy Techniques for Probing Functional Interfaces in Energy Materials
Authors: Zachman Michael J. , Hachtel Jordan A. , Idrobo Juan Carlos , Chi Miaofang
Published: May 2019

Interfaces play a fundamental role in many areas of chemistry. However, their localized nature requires characterization techniques with high spatial resolution in order to fully understand their structure and properties. State‐of‐the‐art atomic resolution or in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy are indispensable tools for characterizing the local structure and chemistry of materials with single‐atom resolution, but they are not able to measure many properties that dictate function, such as vibrational modes or charge transfer, and are limited to room‐temperature samples containing no liquids. Here, we outline emerging electron microscopy techniques that are allowing these limitations to be overcome and highlight several recent studies that were enabled by these techniques. We then provide a vision for how these techniques can be paired with each other and with in situ methods to deliver new insights into the static and dynamic behavior of functional interfaces.
Water: How Does It Influence the CaCO3 Formation?
Authors: Du Huachuan , Amstad Esther
Published: May 2019

Nature produces biomineral‐based materials with a fascinating set of properties using only a limited number of elements. This set of properties is obtained by closely controlling the structure and local composition of the biominerals. We are far from achieving the same degree of control over the properties of synthetic biomineral‐based composites. One reason for this inferior control is our incomplete understanding of the influence of the synthesis conditions and additives on the structure and composition of the forming biominerals. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the influence of synthesis conditions and additives during different formation stages of CaCO3, one of the most abundant biominerals, on the structure, composition, and properties of the resulting CaCO3 crystals. In addition, we summarize currently known means to tune these parameters. Throughout the Review, we put special emphasis on the role of water in mediating the formation of CaCO3 and thereby influencing its structure and properties, an often overlooked aspect that is of high relevance.
Highly porous protein‐based 3D scaffolds with different collagen concentrates for potential application in tissue engineering
Authors: Perez‐Puyana V. M. , Jiménez‐Rosado M. , Romero A. , Guerrero A.
Published: May 2019

Different researchers have developed protein‐based scaffolds for tissue engineering, although few of them have combined their development with previous characterization of the raw material used. The main objective of this work was to characterize four Type I collagen protein concentrates from different sources (pork HI95, pork T95, turkey, and fish) and study their use as scaffolds for tissue engineering. Thus, the chemical and amino acid composition, protein solubility, and Z‐potential of the different concentrates were analyzed in the pH range between 2 and 12. In addition, the mechanical and structural properties of the different scaffolds were compared. The initial characterization of the four concentrates shows similarities, such as a typical amino acid profile and an isoelectric point between pH 5 and 6. In fact, differences based on composition, namely, systems with higher protein concentration, results in more deformable scaffolds, whereas the ones processed from fish collagen, with a higher glycine percentage, shows the highest porosity and pore sizes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47954.
Viewpoints in indexing term assignment
Authors: Bodoff David , Richter‐Levin Yaffa
Published: May 2019

The literature on assigned indexing considers three possible viewpoints—the author's viewpoint as evidenced in the title, the users' viewpoint, and the indexer's viewpoint—and asks whether and which of those views should be reflected in an indexer's choice of terms to assign to an item. We study this question empirically, as opposed to normatively. Based on the literature that discusses whose viewpoints should be reflected, we construct a research model that includes those same three viewpoints as factors that might be influencing term assignment in actual practice. In the unique study design that we employ, the records of term assignments made by identified indexers in academic libraries are cross‐referenced with the results of a survey that those same indexers completed on political views. Our results indicate that in our setting, variance in term assignment was best explained by indexers' personal political views. © 2019 ASIS&T
Talking about autism—thoughts for researchers
Authors: Robison John Elder
Published: May 2019

At the 2019 strategic planning meeting the International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) board discussed the question of appropriate language to be used when speaking or writing about autism or affected individuals. Board members articulated a wide range of views on this subject, making clear that there is no single simple answer. This commentary was inspired by that discussion. It is by John Elder Robison who is both an INSAR board member and an individual diagnosed with autism. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1004–1006. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

How should researchers talk about autism? Personal reflections on writing and speaking about autism, with particular regard for affected individuals, be they autistic people, people with autism, or family members. This commentary is authored by John Elder Robison who is both an INSAR board member and an individual diagnosed with autism.
Human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit apoptosis of granulosa cells induced by IRE1α pathway in autoimmune POF mice
Authors: Li Hongxing , Zhao Wei , Wang Li , Luo Qianqian , Yin Na , Lu Xueyan , Hou Yun , Cui Jingjing , Zhang Hongqin
Published: May 2019

Previous studies have shown that the ovarian failure in autoimmune‐induced premature ovarian failure (POF) mice could be improved by the transplantation of human placenta‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPMSCs); however, the protective mechanism of hPMSCs transplantation on ovarian dysfunction remains unclear. Ovarian dysfunction is closely related to the apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs). To determine the effects of hPMSCs transplantation on GCs apoptosis, an autoimmune POF mice model was established with zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3) peptide. It is reported that the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and its downstream molecules play a central role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced apoptosis pathway. So the aim of this study is to investigate whether hPMSCs transplantation attenuated GCs apoptosis via inhibiting ER stress IRE1α signaling pathway. The ovarian dysfunction, follicular dysplasia, and GCs apoptosis were observed in the POF mice. And the IRE1α pathway was activated in ovaries of POF mice, as demonstrated by, increased X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1), up‐regulated 78 kDa glucose‐regulated protein (GRP78) and caspase‐12. Following transplantation of hPMSCs, the ovarian structure and function were significantly improved in POF mice. In addition, the GCs apoptosis was obviously attenuated and IRE1α pathway was significantly inhibited. Transplantation of hPMSCs suppressed GCs apoptosis‐induced by ER stress IRE1α signaling pathway in POF mice, which might contribute to the hPMSCs transplantation‐mediating ovarian function recovery.
Photoenzymatic Hydroxylation of Ethylbenzene Catalyzed by Unspecific Peroxygenase: Origin of Enzyme Inactivation and the Impact of Light Intensity and Temperature
Authors: Burek Bastien O. , de Boer Sabrina R. , Tieves Florian , Zhang Wuyuan , van Schie Morten , Bormann Sebastian , Alcalde Miguel , Holtmann Dirk , Hollmann Frank , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Bloh Jonathan Z.
Published: May 2019

Photoenzymatic cascades can be used for selective oxygenation of C−H‐Bonds under mild conditions circumventing the hydrogen peroxide mediated peroxygenase inactivation via in situ H2O2 generation. Here, we report the “on demand” production of hydrogen peroxide via methanol assisted reduction of molecular oxygen using UV‐illuminated titanium dioxide (Aeroxide P25) combined with the enantioselective hydroxylation of ethylbenzene to (R)‐1‐phenylethanole catalyzed by the Unspecific Peroxygenase from Agrocybe Aegerita. For the application of the system it is important to understand the influence of the reaction parameters to be able to optimize the system. Therefore, we systematically investigated product formation and enzyme inactivation as well as ROS formation (H2O2, .OH and .O2−) applying different light intensities and temperatures. As a result, Turnover Numbers up to 220 000, photonic efficiencies up to 13.6 % and production rates up to 0.9 mM h−1 were achieved.
Synthesis of Phenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophenes by 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ)‐Promoted Cyclo‐Oxidation
Authors: Gao Han , Connors David M. , Goroff Nancy S.
Published: May 2019

A new method to prepare phenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophenes has been developed. In the presence of triflic acid, 3,4‐diaryl thiophenes undergo 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ)‐promoted cyclo‐oxidation. NMR and computational studies indicate that protonation of the thiophene plays a key role in this reaction. The reaction can be used to prepare phenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophene, as well as derivatives with alkyl, bromo, and methoxy substituents. However, the yields and selectivity of the reaction depend on both the nature and location of the substituents. Bis(3‐methoxyphenyl)thiophene reacts under these conditions to give the desired product in 57 % yield, while bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)thiophene gives no product. Bis(3‐bromophenyl)thiophene did not react, but cyclo‐oxidation of bis(4‐bromophenyl)thiophene provides the desired product in 34 % yield.
The Renewable and Sustainable Conversion of Chitin into a Chiral Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon‐Sheath Nanofiber for Enantioselective Adsorption
Authors: Nguyen Hoang‐Linh , Ju Sungbin , Hao Lam Tan , Tran Thang Hong , Cha Hyun Gil , Cha Yoon Jeong , Park Jeyoung , Hwang Sung Yeon , Yoon Dong Ki , Hwang Dong Soo , Oh Dongyeop X.
Published: May 2019

Well‐known hard‐template methods for nitrogen (N)‐doped chiral carbon nanomaterials require complicated construction and removal of the template, high‐temperature pyrolysis, harsh chemical treatments, and additional N‐doping processes. If naturally occurring chiral nematic chitin nanostructures [(C8H13NO5)n] in exoskeletons were wholly transformed into an N‐doped carbon, this would be an efficient and sustainable method to obtain a useful chiral nanomaterial. Here, a simple, sacrificial‐template‐free, and environmentally mild method was developed to produce an N‐doped chiral nematic carbon‐sheath nanofibril hydrogel with a surface area >300 m2 g−1 and enantioselective properties from renewable chitin biomass. Calcium‐saturated methanol physically exfoliated bulk chitin and produced a chiral nematic nanofibril hydrogel. Hydrothermal treatment of the chiral chitin hydrogel at 190 °C produced an N‐doped chiral carbon‐sheath nanofibril hydrogel without N‐doping. This material preferentially adsorbed d‐lactic acid over l‐lactic acid and produced 16.3 % enantiomeric excess of l‐lactic acid from a racemic mixture.
Triphenylbismuth Dichloride‐Mediated Conversion of Thioamides to Nitriles
Authors: Gopi Elumalai , Gravel Edmond , Doris Eric
Published: May 2019

Thioamides were efficiently converted to nitriles using the pentavalent triphenylbismuth dichloride in combination with triethylamine. The reaction involved the dehydrosulfurization of primary thioamides to afford substituted aromatic or aliphatic nitriles in good to excellent yields. The process was also successfully extended to the synthesis of cyanamides starting from the corresponding thioureas and of thiocyanates from dithiocarbamates.
Nucleophile Screening in Anion‐Binding Reissert‐Type Reactions of Quinolines with Chiral Tetrakis(triazole) Catalysts
Authors: Duong Qui‐Nhi , Schifferer Lukas , García Mancheño Olga
Published: May 2019

A nucleophile screening for the organocatalyzed enantioselective Reissert‐type dearomatization of quinoline derivatives using chiral triazoles as anion‐binding catalysts was realized. Our recently reported helical tetrakis(triazole) catalysts (TetraTri) have proven to be highly active in this type of reactions, however the methods were limited to nucleophiles with a N value of 10 according to the Mayr's nucleophilicity scale. In this study, different carbon‐nucleophiles of varied nucleophilicity N‐values were explored, allowing the identification of potential novel reaction partners with N >5 such as ketene thioacetals. Thus, a number of chiral 1,2‐dihydroisoquinoline‐thioesters with an enantioselectivity up to 92:8 er. were synthetized, which could easily be transformed into a more valuable amide derivative.
Iron‐Catalysed Direct Aromatic Amination withN‐Chloroamines
Authors: Douglas Gayle E. , Raw Steven A. , Marsden Stephen P.
Published: May 2019

An optimized procedure for the direct intra‐ and intermolecular amination of aromatic C–H bonds with aminium radicals generated fromN‐chloroamines under iron catalysis is reported. A range of substituted tetrahydroquinolines could be readily prepared, while extension to the synthesis of benzomorpholines was more limited in scope. A direct one‐pot variant was developed, allowing direct formal oxidative N–H/C–H coupling.
Comparative proteomics analysis of microvesicles in human serum for the evaluation of osteoporosis
Authors: Huo Chunhui , Li Yinghua , Qiao Zhi , Shang Zhi , Cao Chengxi , Hong Yang , Xiao Hua
Published: May 2019

Osteoporosis is an emerging health issue worldwide. Due to the decrease of bone mineral density and the deterioration of skeletal microarchitecture, osteoporosis could lead to increased bone fragility and higher fracture risk. Since lack of specific symptoms, novel serum proteomic indicators are urgently needed for the evaluation of osteoporosis. Microvesicles (MVs) are important messengers widely present in body fluids and have emerged as novel targets for the diagnosis of multiple diseases. In this study, MVs were successfully isolated from human serum and comprehensively characterized. Comparative proteomics analysis revealed differential MVs protein profiling in normal subjects, osteopenia patients, and osteoporosis patients. In total, about 200 proteins were identified and quantified from serum MVs, among which 19 proteins were upregulated (fold change >2) and five proteins were downregulated (fold change <0.5) in osteopenia group and osteoporosis group when compared with the normal group. Three protein candidates were selected for initial verification, including Vinculin, Filamin A, and Profilin 1. Profilin 1 was further pre‐validated in an independent sample set, which could differentiate osteoporosis group from osteopenia group and normal group (p < 0.05). Our data collectively demonstrate that serum MVs proteome can be valuable indicators for the evaluation and diagnostics of bone loss disease.
Effects of variable injection rate on reservoir responses and implications for CO2 storage in saline aquifers
Authors: Li Cai , Maggi Federico , Zhang Keni , Guo Chaobin , Gan Yixiang , El‐Zein Abbas , Pan Zhejun , Shen Luming
Published: May 2019

Past reservoir simulations of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in saline aquifers have shown that the injection procedure can influence CO2 storage efficiency and injectivity. To investigate the influence of injection rate and timing on reservoir dynamics and storage performance, scenarios of continuous and intermittent injections were devised for storing 1 million tonnes of CO2 per year for 30 years and were assessed through numerical simulations on saline aquifers constructed with real field data. Our results show that almost all the intermittent injections need higher injection pressure than the constant injection for the same targeted amount of CO2. Only one intermittent injection showed the potential to have a lower injection pressure than the constant injection. The injectivity for the constant injection consistently declines over the years, while the intermittent injections result in an injectivity above a reference value for some years, with the number of years that maintain the injectivity linearly increasing with the length of the injection break. The injectivity for an intermittent injection peaks a few years later after the injection starts. Intermittent injections improve the residual and solubility trapping by up to 15% only in the first few years of injection, but the differences in trapping efficiencies among all the injections are within a few percent in the long term. Therefore, the intermittent injections would be useful for a CO2 storage project to make the best use of a reservoir in 5–10 years under the injection pressure restrictions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metacognition in Chemistry Education: A Literature Review
Authors: Lavi Rea , Shwartz Gabriella , Dori Yehudit Judy
Published: May 2019

Metacognition, or ′thinking about thinking′, can improve scientific literacy and practices. It involves knowledge of cognition, i. e., being cognisant of one‘s knowledge, and regulation of cognition, i. e., consciously controlling the process of knowledge acquisition. A self‐regulated learner can assimilate new knowledge, conduct inquiry, solve problems and plan ahead his or her learning. While studies have been conducted on metacognition in chemistry education, none have included detailed assignments covering a range of metacognitive strategies. Our review of studies on metacognition in chemistry secondary and higher education also includes also several exemplary assignments on the energy topic for facilitating and assessing metacognition in high school classrooms. We use metacognitive prompts and the construct of chemistry understanding levels, macroscopic, microscopic, symbol, and process, as an approach for metacognitive intervention. Finally, we provide recommendations for educators and a rubric for researchers.
ALDOLASE A regulates invasion of bladder cancer cells via E‐cadherin‐EGFR signaling
Authors: Li Jianwei , Wang Fang , Gao Hongzhi , Huang Sihuai , Cai Fangzhen , Sun Jianguo
Published: May 2019

Glycolysis and glycogenesis are known to be tightly associated with cancer cell migration. However, their roles in bladder cancer have not been reported. In this study, ALDOLASE A (ALDOA) was identified in a coexpression network generated using glycolysis‐ and glycogenesis‐related genes in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. ALDOA was located in the central region in the network, and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data suggest that ALDOA expression levels are associated with viability in patients with cancer at the middle and late stages. Bladder cancer cell lines, T24 and RT4, were used to knockdown (sh) or overexpress (OE) ALODA to analyze its role. The sh‐ALDOA reduced cell viability, colony formation rate, and invasion cell number; while OE had an opposite effect compared with sh‐ALDOA. Further, the sh‐ALDOA expression induced E‐cadherin level while reduced N‐cadherin and vimentin levels. The OE cells reduced E‐cadherin and induced N‐cadherin and vimentin levels. In addition, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) phosphorylation levels are all reduced in sh‐ALODA while activated in OE cells compared with the control group. But either sh‐ALODA or OE did not change total protein levels of EGFR, MAPK, and AKT. To further analyze E‐cadherin function in ALDOA regulation on bladder cancer cells, sh‐ALDOA and sh‐E‐cadherin were cotransfected in T24 and RT4 cells. The results indicated that sh‐ALDOA and sh‐E‐cadherin expressions eliminated sh‐ALDOA function, resulting similar cell viability, colony formation rate, and invasion cell number with control group. Also, sh‐ALDOA and shE‐cadherin expressions increased EGFR, MAPK, and AKT phosphorylation levels; and the levels were similar to the control group. But, sh‐ALDOA and sh‐E‐cadherin expressions did not change N‐cadherin and vimentin levels, which maintain similar levels with sh‐ALDOA‐expressing cells. Taken together, these results suggest that ALDOA might play an important function in bladder cancer and its action may be though E‐cadherin‐EGFR signaling.
LINC00339 regulates ROCK1 by miR‐152 to promote cell proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Kun , Zhang Liang
Published: May 2019

Background/Aims

Emerging evidence have demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs are involved in the development and metastasis of various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of LINC00339 in HCC progression is still unknown.

Methods

The LINC00339 expression in HCC cancer cells (HUH7, HepG2, HUH‐6, and SK‐Hep‐1) and tissues was assessed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Functional experiments including cell counting Kit‐8 wound‐healing assay and transwell assay were used to explore the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, respectively. The related molecular mechanisms were determined by Western blot. The RNA pull‐down assay, luciferase reporters assay, qRT‐PCR, and Western blot were performed to explore and confirm the interaction between LINC00339 and miR‐152, between miR‐152 and ROCK1. The role of LINC00339 in tumor formation and metastasis were explored through in vivo experiments.

Results

LINC00339 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines. LINC00339 promoted the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells, while knockout of LINC00339 showed the opposite trends. The proliferation and migration of HCC cells induced by LINC00339 overexpression were mostly reversed after transfected with miR‐152 mimics. LINC00339 exerted oncogenesis effect on HCC progression by targeting miR‐152/ROCK1, and the expression of LINC00339 was negatively correlated with miR‐152 expression and positively correlated with ROCK1 expression in clinical HCC samples. Moreover, we also proved that LINC00339 overexpression exacerbated the tumor formation and metastases in nude mice and LINC00339 silence showed the opposite results.

Conclusion

LINC00339 might act as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
UCP2 protect the heart from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via induction of mitochondrial autophagy
Authors: Wu Hui , Ye Ming , Liu Di , Yang Jian , Ding Jia‐wang , Zhang Jing , Wang Xin‐an , Dong Wu‐song , Fan Zhi‐xing , Yang Jun
Published: May 2019

Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, is a predominant isoform of UCP that expressed in the heart and other tissues of human and rodent tissues. Nevertheless, its functional role during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is not entirely understood. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) remarkably improved postischemic functional recovery followed by reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release with simultaneous upregulation of UCP2 in perfused myocardium. We then investigated the role of UCP2 in IPC‐afforded cardioprotective effects on myocardial I/R injury with adenovirus‐mediated in vivo UCP2 overexpression (AdUCP2) and knockdown (AdshUCP2). IPC‐induced protective effects were mimicked by UCP2 overexpression, while which were abolished with silencing UCP2. Mechanistically, UCP2 overexpression significantly reinforced I/R‐induced mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), as measured by biochemical hallmarks of mitochondrial autophagy. Moreover, primary cardiomyocytes infected with AdUCP2 increased simulated ischemia/reperfusion (sI/R)‐induced mitophagy and therefore reversed impaired mitochondrial function. Finally, suppression of mitophagy with mdivi‐1 in cultured cardiomyocytes abolished UCP2‐afforded protective effect on sI/R‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Our data identify a critical role for UCP2 against myocardial I/R injury through preventing the mitochondrial dysfunction through reinforcing mitophagy. Our findings reveal novel mechanisms of UCP2 in the cardioprotective effects during myocardial I/R.
Microarray analysis of long‐noncoding RNAs and mRNA expression profiles in human steroid‐induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Luo Hongbin , Lan Weibin , Li Yongfeng , Lian Xiaolan , Zhang Nanwen , Lin Xinhua , Chen Peng
Published: May 2019

This study performed the first microarray analysis of long‐noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA expression profiles in human steroid‐induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SAVNFH). Expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNAs in three human SAVNFH samples and three human femoral head fracture samples (controls) were detected using third‐generation lncRNA microarrays (KangChen Biotech, Shanghai, China). The fold change, false discovery rate, and P value were utilized to filter genes with significant differential expression in the SAVNFH samples compared with the control samples. In total, there were 1179 upregulated and 3214 downregulated lncRNAs (P2. zerofold, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, 1092 upregulated and 565 downregulated mRNAs were found in the SAVNFH samples compared with the control samples. Then, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the previous microarray results using 8 and 20 selected dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively, and the results generally confirmed the microarray findings. Finally, we used Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis to investigate the functions of the altered mRNAs and their associated GO terms and biological pathways. The Immune system process term (GO:0002376) was the most significantly upregulated GO term, and the Regulation of blood coagulation term (GO:0030193) was the most significantly downregulated GO term in the biological process category for the SAVNFH samples. “Hematopoietic cell lineage ‐ Homo sapiens (human) (Pathway ID: hsa04640)” and “Complement and coagulation cascades ‐ Homo sapiens (human) (Pathway ID: hsa04610)” were the most significantly up‐ and downregulated pathways in the SAVNFH samples compared with the controls. In conclusion, the differential expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs may be correlated with the pathogenesis of SAVNFH, and these significantly dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs may function through networks or participate in several specific biological processes. Further research is needed to understand their exact functions and mechanisms in SAVNFH.