bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐94: A Novel Method to Eliminate Fringe Field Effects for Small Pixels on LCoS
Authors: Chuang Li‐Sen , Chang Yu‐Ching , Chou Wei‐Yang , Hsu Ching‐Hsiang
Published: January 2005

A new LC mode which implements finger‐on‐plane (FOP) type common electrodes in a reflective light valve is proposed. The appropriate electrode geometry or shape design can overcome the problem of poor contrast ratio and low light efficiency in conventional LCoS. The simulation results indicate that the reflectance can reach above 80% even for the worst case in frame and column inversion driving schemes. We will also demonstrate that our device exhibit low dispersion in single cell gap configuration.
P‐95: Fresnel Lenses in Rear Projection Displays
Authors: Davis Arthur , Bush Robert C. , Harvey John C. , Foley Michael F.
Published: January 2005

A plastic Fresnel lens positioned just before the diffusion screen in a projection system can provide significantly superior corner illumination, enhancing overall display luminance uniformity. Fresnel lenses are also used within the light engine to collimate light through the LCD panel and focus light through the projection lens. Disadvantages include the added cost of the lenses, ghosting, printout of the Fresnel rings and moiré patterns. Birefringence is important to control in polarization‐sensitive applications.

Without reduction of ghosting artifacts, Fresnel lenses will have limited application in text‐based RP systems. Ghosting is described in some detail including how it is caused, quantified and reduced. Efforts to reduce cost and birefringence will also be discussed.
P‐98: Acousto‐Optic Separator for Stereoscopic Laser Videoprojection
Authors: Kastelik J. C. , Sakkour A. , Pommeray M. , Gazalet M.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we present an original acousto‐optic device which allows to separate an arbitrary polarised incident light beam into two orthogonally polarised diffracted beams. This device operates with a single frequency ultrasonic wave and the two diffracted orders are frequency up and down shifted, respectively. A birefringent crystal of Paratellurite has been chosen for experimental validation due to its very high acousto‐optic figure of merit for the slow acoustic shear wave. This device has been conceived in order to be implemented in a optical modulation line of a stereoscopic laser videoprojector based on the simultaneous projection of the two left and right images orthogonally polarised. Special polarising glasses select the two images for each eye. The projection is based on a X‐Y scanning of a laser beam which is both intensity and polarisation modulated. The “on‐line” separator allows to dynamically control and minimize the “ghost” phenomenon of a such a stereoscopic system.
33.1: Invited Paper: Advanced Liquid Crystal Materials for TFT Monitor
Authors: Tarumi K. , Heckmeier M. , Klasen M.
Published: January 2005

Notebook application has been one of the most important driving forces for the remarkable growth of Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs). Monitor, Television and Mobile phone in addition to Notebook will be the interesting application fields as future LCDs. The recent Liquid Crystal Material development for these future LCD technologies will be reviewed.
33.2:Invited Paper: High Δn Liquid Crystals for Displays and Optical Communications
Authors: Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: January 2005

High birefringence (Δn) liquid crystals are useful for color sequential microdisplay, high brightness cholesteric display, high contrast PDLC, and high speed optical communications. LC structures showing Δn >0.4, low absorption and good photo and thermal stability are reviewed.
33.3: Applications of New Fluorinated Liquid Crystals of Fused Ring Systems for Active Matrix LCD
Authors: Iwashita Yoshinori , Kaneoya Masakazu , Kusumoto Tetsuo , Takehara Sadao , Takeuchi Kiyofumi , Takatsu Haruyoshi
Published: January 2005

We have prepared new series of liquid crystals of fused ring systems. By using the advanced LC materials, we have achieved LC mixtures having low birefringence for a reflective LCD and showing 10 ms of very quick response for LCD‐TV.
34.1: Invited Paper: Microdisplays with High Pixel Counts
Authors: De Smet Herbert , Van den Steen Jean , Van Calster André
Published: January 2005

Recent developments in high‐resolution microdisplays are discussed. The importance of resolution limiting factors such as diffraction of light, fringe fields, voltage requirements and stepper field size is shown. Difficulties related to stitching and large‐area CMP are reviewed, Parallelism in the driver design is discussed and the first results of a 2560×2048 pixel microdisplay are presented.
34.4: Liquid Crystal Alignment Degradation Induced by Photo‐irradiation
Authors: Barna Hayley , Lu Minhua , Samant Mahesh , Cai Chen , Rosenbluth Alan
Published: January 2005

Degradation of liquid crystal alignment has been studied by monitoring the change in pre‐tilt angle as a function of UV dosage, as well as by surface analysis methods, such as NEXAFS and surface energy measurement. The mechanism of the alignment degradation was understood for the first time at the surface chemistry level. The degradation happened in two steps. First there is oxygen absorption, followed by liquid crystal attachment. In addition, we have shown that filtering out short wavelengths is effective in prolonging the lifetime of liquid crystal displays. This work is important for improving display lifetime and quality.
35.2: Super‐TFT‐LCD for Moving Picture Images with the Blink Backlight System
Authors: Hirakata Jun‐ichi , Shingai Akira , Tanaka Yoshinori , Ono Kikuo , Furuhashi Tsutomu
Published: January 2005

A 15‐inch diagonal Super‐TFT‐LCD (in‐plane switching mode), with a brightness of 400 cd/m2, has been developed. The moving picture image quality is improved by alternating the light on and off periods, and synchronizing those periods with a gate selection. The brightness is realized without increasing power consumption by increasing the lamp current in the on period, while the off period contributes to lamp cooing.
P‐28: Flat Lamp Packaging Using Carbon‐Nitrogen Nanofibers Obtained by Hot Isostatic Pressure
Authors: Lee Yang‐Doo , Lee Duck‐Jung , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Blank V. D. , Batov D. V. , Buga S. G. , Nahm Sahn , Lee Yun‐Hi , Oh Myung‐Hwan
Published: January 2005

Carbon‐nitrogen CN nanofibers have been formed by high isostatic pressure HIP. Emission properties of CN nanofibers were investigated for spacing, between anode and cathode, variation. Then turn‐on fields about 1.4 V/μm. The time reliability and light emission test were carried out for above 100 hours. We suggest that CN nanofibers can be possibly applied to the high brightness flat lamp because of low turn‐on field and time reliability.
4.1: A 20‐inch OLED Display Driven by Super‐Amorphous‐Silicon Technology
Authors: Tsujimura Takatoshi , Kobayashi Yoshinao , Murayama Kohji , Tanaka Atsushi , Morooka Mitsuo , Fukumoto Eri , Fujimoto Hiroki , Sekine Junichi , Kanoh Keigo , Takeda Keizo , Miwa Koichi , Asano Motohiko , Ikeda Nami , Kohara Sayuri , Ono Shinya , Chung Chia‐Tin , Chen Ruey‐Min , Chung Jun‐Wen , Huang Chen‐Wei , Guo Hong‐Ru , Yang Cheng‐Chung , Hsu Chun‐Che , Huang Hao‐Jung , Riess Walter , Riel Heike , Karg Siegfried , Beierlein Tilman , Gundlach Dave , Alvarado Santos , Rost Constance , Mueller Peter , Libsch Frank , Mastro Michael , Polastre Robert , Lien Alan , Sanford Jim , Kaufman Richard
Published: January 2005

A 20‐inch, largest OLED display in the world is demonstrated which is driven by “Super Amorphous Silicon” technology. It has been widely believed that the characteristics of amorphous silicon TFT is not sufficient to drive OLED display. This paper turns over the hypothesis to prove that amorphous silicon can be applied to the large active‐matrix driven displays. Novel approaches to enable amorphous silicon to drive bright and long life OLED display are shown to open a bright future to realize larger OLED televisions.
4.2: TFT AMOLED Pixel Circuits and Driving Methods
Authors: Sanford James L. , Libsch Frank R.
Published: January 2005

Active matrix organic light emitting diode AMOLED displays are now entering the market place. TFT active matrix allow OLED displays to be larger in size, higher in resolution and lower in power dissipation than is possible using a passive matrix. A number of TFT active matrix pixel circuits have been developed for luminance control while correcting for TFT parameter variations. The circuits and driving methods are reviewed. A new driving method is presented
4.3: A Phosphorescent Active‐Matrix OLED Display Driven by Amorphous Silicon Backplane
Authors: Lih Jiin ‐ Jou , Sung Chih ‐ Feng , Weaver M. S. , Hack Mike , Brown J. J.
Published: January 2005

We have successfully demonstrated a 4.0 inch full‐color active matrix OLED display based on amorphous Si a‐Si TFT, and incorporating high efficiency phosphorescent materials. The use of a red phosphorescent sub‐pixel reduced display power consumption by 42%, compared to a comparable display based on only fluorescent materials This demonstration clearly shows the possibility of using a‐Si TFT as driving backplanes for the manufacture of full color AMOLEDs
5.2: Invited Paper: Observation of the Spatiotemporal Variation of Wall Charge Distribution in an ac PDP Cell
Authors: Whang Ki‐Woong , Jeong Dong Cheol
Published: January 2005

We measured the spatiotemporal wall charge distributions on sustain and address electrodes in an ac PDP cell using the longitudinal electro‐optic amplitude modulation method. The measured wall charge distributions are used together with the discharge images obtained using high speed, image intensified CCD camera to have a better understanding on the sustain as well as the address discharge occurring in a three electrodes, coplanar sustain discharge type ac PDP cell.
5.3: Discharge Observation of Plasma Tubes
Authors: Ishimoto Manabu , Tokai Akira , Shinohe Koji , Awamoto Kenji , Shinoda Tsutae
Published: January 2005

The plasma tube array display presents the wall size display with very high luminous efficacy. Discharging in plasma tube was observed to estimate the structure for high luminous efficacy. From the results of the observation, it is estimated that not only the discharge gap but also the discharge cavity effects to the luminous efficacy. With this result new structure was tries and 3.7 lm/W was achieved as the luminous efficacy.
6.3: A 126° Deflection Yoke for a 14″ Black‐White Flat CRT
Authors: Liang GuoEn , Lin S. Q. , Wang M. K. , Fan Q. , Wang BaoLin , Chang Kern
Published: January 2005

A planar yoke, adaptable to a BW flat CRT, operates to a deflection angle of 126° with reduced sustained beam spots and power consumption.
8.1: Novel High Performance Transflective LCD with a Patterned Retarder
Authors: Roosendaal S. J. , van der Zande B. M. I. , Nieuwkerk A. C. , Renders C. A. , Osenga J. T. M. , Doornkamp C. , Peeters E. , Bruinink J. , van Haaren J. A. M. M. , Takahashi S.
Published: January 2005

For a better optimization of the transflective AM‐LCD, a new technology with extra free parameters is inevitable. Our novel transflective AM‐LCD with in‐cell patterned retarder enables us to optimize further, resulting in a good brightness, contrast ratio, viewing angle and low chromaticity for reflection and transmission at the same time.
8.4: Transflective LCD with Low Driving Voltage and Wide Viewing Angle
Authors: Shibazaki Minoru , Ukawa Yusei , Takahashi Satoru , Iefuji Yoshihito , Nakagawa Takanobu
Published: January 2005

A 3.8‐inch transflective thin‐film‐transistor liquid crystal display TFT‐LCD with a wide viewing angle that enables operation over a small driving voltage range between 1.5V and 4.0V has been developed. This is achieved by optimizing the retardation of the LC layer and the parameters of the compensation film, which minimizes a viewing angle dependence of the total retardation of the LC layer and the compensation films.
10.1: Invited Paper: 50/60 V Hivision LCD Rear‐projection TV GRAND WEGA with Excellent Picture Quality
Authors: Shirochi Yoshiki , Murakami Kyoichi , Endo Hiroaki , Arakawa Seiichi , Kitagawa Hideyuki , Uchino Katsuhide
Published: January 2005

We developed 3‐panel transmissive LCD rear‐projection TVs for home use Commercial name: GRAND WEGA with large 42/50/60″ screens which display excellent pictures of high resolution and quality befitting the digital TV era: with high resolution and contrast and excellence of tonal and color reproduction. This paper focuses on a high temperature poly‐Si TFT‐LCD panel technology with 1.05 million pixels 1366 × 768 and a new driving method, the dot‐line inversion method.
10.2: Wide Gamut, High Brightness Multiple Primaries Single Panel Projection Displays
Authors: Roth S. , Ben‐David I. , Ben‐Chorin M. , Eliav D. , Ben‐David O.
Published: January 2005

The color gamut of RGB primaries displays can be increased by using more saturated primaries, with the penalty of a corresponding significant decrease in brightness. We present a multiple primaries technology that enables substantial increase in both the color gamut and brightness of projection displays and describes results of prototype projection systems using the technology.
10.4: High‐Performance LCoS Optical Engine Using Cartesian Polarizer Technology
Authors: Bruzzone Charles L. , Ma James Jiaying , Aastuen David J. W. , Eckhardt Stephen K.
Published: January 2005

An efficient and economical LCOS optical engine has been designed for high definition rear projection television. The design uses a 3M™ VikuitiT Optical Core comprising three Cartesian PBSs and an X‐Cube color combiner. The first prototype engine built with this core delivers 400 lm color corrected, near 9000K color temperature with contrast over 1000:1, using a 100W lamp without polarization conversion.
11.3: A Delta‐Nabla Structure PDP with Reduced Number of Data Electrodes and its 51‐Contiguous‐Subfield Drive
Authors: Maeda T. , Ishii M. , Gotoda A. , Igarashi K. , Shiga T. , Mikoshiba S. , de Zwart S. T. , Lange R. , Oversluizen G.
Published: January 2005

A structure and a driving technique of a PDP having a deltanabla structure are introduced. The number of data electrodes is half that of the conventional PDPs. An adequate control of priming charges resulted in 51 contiguous subfield expression with 1,700cd/m2 green luminance, 580:1 contrast, 50V data and scan pulse voltages, and variable gamma characteristics to attain matching with the eye perception.
12.3: Oxide Plus ‐ A Newly Developed Cathode for CRT Applications
Authors: Barratt D. S. , Filkin N. , Bakker I.
Published: January 2005

In this paper we present results for a new type of cermet cathode Oxide Plus in a range of CRT tube types including wide‐screen 32″ and 34″ tubes together with 19″ computer monitor tubes. The results indicate that the cermet cathode exhibits good performance in all types of tube where previously oxide cathodes were not suitable and only Ba‐dispnser cathodes could be used.
13.3: A Novel Approach to Tiled Displays
Authors: Lowe Anthony C. , Bayley Paul A. , Gallen Niall A. , Huang Min , Needham Barbara
Published: January 2005

A novel approach to tiling is described in which an array of specially designed moulded light guides is used to form a magnified image of a standard AMLCD panel. These arrays can be tessellated to form visually uniform display surfaces of essentially unlimited size.
14.1: Transflective and Single Polariser Reflective Zenithal Bistable Displays
Authors: Jones J. Cliff , Worthing Phil , Bryan‐Brown Guy , Wood Emma
Published: January 2005

Transflective displays are ideal for portable applications used in both bright sunlight and darkened rooms. Display bistability is also advantageous for ensuring low power consumption, but the choice for transflective geometries is then severely limited. Grating‐aligned Zenithal Bistable Devices ZBD™ are readily fabricated in either single polariser reflective or transflective modes using a number of different device geometries. Both retardation and polarisation rotation modes are reported.
P‐1: Analysis of IPS Mura, Image‐Sticking and Flicker Caused by Internal DC Effects
Authors: Park H. J. , Lai Luc. , Lin S. H. , Yang K. H.
Published: January 2005

The IPS Mura related to array process is analyzed from its optical properties by examining enhanced macro and micro digital images using a novel DC ion‐charging method. Image sticking and time‐dependent flicker have been investigated by a bipolar DC voltage‐stress method on three different IPS test‐cell structures using a TN cell as a reference. The experimental results on image sticking and flicker are analyzed from a viewpoint of internal DC voltage.
P‐2: 3.5 inch QVGA Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si TFT LCD with Integrated Driver Circuits
Authors: Han Sang‐Soo , Lim Kyoung‐Moon , Yoo Juhn S. , Jeong Young‐Sik , Lee Kyoung‐Eon , Park JoonKyu , Nam Dae Hyun , Lee Seok‐Woo , Yoon Jin‐Mo , Jung Yun‐Ho , Seo Hyun Sik , Kim Chang‐Dong
Published: January 2005

Using the low temperature poly‐Si technology, the 3.5‐inch diagonal QVGA320* RGB*240 TFT‐LCD with integrated circuits was developed for handheld applications. We integrated 6 bit digital data driver with ramp‐type digital‐analogue converter and gate driver that can operate bi‐directionally. The characteristics of the poly‐Si TFT used to integrate driver circuits are followings; 1 in NMOS, Vth∼2V and mobility∼200cm2/Vsec, 2 in PMOS, Vth ∼ −1.61V and mobility ∼100cm2/Vsec.
P‐3: Improving Reliability of Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si TFTs by Nitrous Oxide Plasma Treatment
Authors: Zeng Xiangbin , Sun X. W. , Li Junfeng , Sin Johnny K. O.
Published: January 2005

The interface of poly‐Si thin film and gate oxide of poly‐Si TFTs were treated by N2O to reduce trap state density. The poly‐Si TFTs with and without treatment were characterized and compared. Electrical stress and thermal stability tests were also carried out for these TFTs. Results showed that the performance of poly‐Si TFTs with nitrous oxide treatment was improved significantly.
P‐9: Ion‐Doping Process Using a Hard Gate Mask in Low‐Temperature Poly‐Si TFT Fabrication
Authors: Lee Ryan , Tsai Cheng‐Hsun , Chiang Dien‐Shen , Chang Shih‐Chang , Tsai Yaw‐Ming
Published: January 2005

A new low‐temperature polycrystalline‐silicon LTPS process was developed. The doping mask for p‐type TFT was compared with PR mask and gate hard mask. The process and design challenge in gate hard mask was compared with the photo resist residues problem encountered in PR mask process. In the gate hard mask technology, the gates of p‐type and n‐type TFTs are etched in different steps for p‐type TFT S/D doping and n‐type TFT LDD doping. The results indicate the gate insulator loss and the CD loss due to these different etching steps can be controlled in the same magnitude, and the TFT electrical characteristics of NMOS and PMOS are good enough for pixel and driver applications.
P‐10: A Novel Stitching Design for Large‐Area TFT‐LCD TV
Authors: Tak Y. M. , Kim D. G. , Kim N. D. , Kim S. S.
Published: January 2005

Recently large‐area TFT‐LCDs have been developed for HD‐TV applications according to the demand of FPD‐TV market. Of those, larger than 40‐in. size products are developed by applying stitching method for design & process to scanning photolithography equipment. In this paper, we analyze factors that cause stitch defect in VA‐Mode and present new stitching design.
P‐11: a‐Si TFT Model in H‐Spice Simulation Fitted to the Dynamic Operation
Authors: Park Jae Hyoung , Jeon Jae Hong , Choi Kwon Young , Baek Bum Ki , Lee Jeong Young , Souk Jun
Published: January 2005

The measurement of pixel voltage, which is impossible by a direct probing method, is carried out by the indirect method which utilizes the voltage‐luminance characteristics of real panel. New a‐Si TFT model, which is different from DC measurement but includes dynamic behavior of a‐Si TFT, predicts visual characteristics of real panel with more accuracy.
P‐13: ILD Inter‐layer Dielectric Engineering for Reduction of Self‐Heating Effect in Poly‐Si TFT
Authors: Park Soo‐Jeong , Moon Kook‐Chul , You Bong‐Hyun , Han Min‐Koo
Published: January 2005

We have fabricated TFT using the silicon nitride ILD Inter‐layer Dielectric and silicon oxide ILD in order to analyze the self‐heating effect. The degradation of poly‐Si TFT Thin Film Transistor was investigated under high power condition. The silicon nitride with large thermal conductivity for the ILD reduces the temperature of channel region so that the reliability of poly‐Si TFTs is considerably improved.
P‐15: LCoS based Projection Systems for Optical Metrology
Authors: Riehemann Stefan , Palme Martin , Kuehmstedt Peter , Notni Gunther
Published: January 2005

Specially designed optical systems for optical metrology are presented in which LCoS‐displays are used for different front projection applications. Unusual projection geometries like spheres are covered as well as special light sources like ultra bright LEDs. Three different devices, which were realized for industrial and medical customers, are outlined.
P‐18: Damage to TFT Displays During Polariser Replacement ‐ Analysis of Damaged Displays, Failure Mechanism, and Proposed Safe Removal Method
Authors: Hampel Reinhard G. O. , Vial‐David Gérard
Published: January 2005

Our customers stated uneven greyscales ‘clouds’ in TFT displays after polariser replacement. We counted spacer densities on displays before and after polariser removal by different methods. We found that the average spacer count falls to about 40% of its initial value after unsafe polariser removal. From microscopic observation of spacer distribution in pixels, we could conclude that the spacers get ‘trapped’ by the metal lines connecting the pixels. Unsafe removal methods exert a pressure on the LCD close to the polariser peel line. This induces a pumping action resulting in strong LC flow. The spacers moving with the LC liquid get trapped by the metal lines on the TFT substrate, and the spacers ‘disappear’ from the pixels. Condition for a safe removal method is thus that no pressure must be applied to the displays close to the peel line, close being defined as a distance of less than about 20–30 mm.
P‐19: Neural Network Based System for Assessing Image Quality
Authors: Vicario Elena , Heynderickx Ingrid , Gastaldo Paolo , Zunino Rodolfo
Published: January 2005

This paper presents a system that applies neural‐network technologies to image quality assessment. The work addresses the estimation of perceived quality when an enhancement algorithm is applied to a static image. Objective features describing the image feed the neural network, which mimics the human perception and yields the estimated rating.
P‐20: Display Related Effects of Terrain‐Texture Density and Contrast on Perceived Air Speed in Simulated Flight
Authors: Chaudhry Shama , Geri George A.
Published: January 2005

The display‐dependent effects of both terrain texture density and contrast were assessed using a speed maintenance task in a high‐performance flight simulator. Density and contrast varied in opposite directions with simulated distance, and were found to have opposite effects on perceived speed. The functional range of the interaction between density and contrast was estimated.
P‐22: Influence of Horizontal and Vertical Blurring on Perceived Sharpness of Chinese Text1
Authors: Jun Xia , Lu Liu , Xuan Liu Yu , Heynderickx Ingrid , Chun Yin H.
Published: January 2005

The influence of horizontal and vertical blurring on the perceived sharpness of Chinese text is investigated by simulating various electron spot profiles on a CRT. The results indicate a higher sensitivity for blurring in horizontal than in vertical direction.
P‐26: The Influence of Cations Doping on the CL Spectrum and Relative Intensity of Sr5 PO43Cl:Eu2+
Authors: Li Lan , Yang Ruixia , Zou Kaishun , Tao Yi
Published: January 2005

The CL spectrum and relative intensity of Sr5PO43Cl:Eu2+ has been studied with Ca2+ or Ba2+ substitute for Sr2+ into the crystal. With Ca2+ doping increased, the emission peak of Sr5PO43Cl:Eu2+ under electron excitation changed from 445 to 455nm, and the relative intensity of Sr5PO43Cl:Eu2plus; was improved simultaneously. This blue phosphor can be used for emissive display application under mid‐ or low‐voltage.
P‐27: Investigation of the Excitation Functions in the Y2O3: Eu‐Gd2O3: Eu Luminecent System for the Voltage of 300–1000V
Authors: Vorobyov Victor A. , Sinelnikov Boris M. , Kargin Nickolai I. , Siglovaya Natalie. V.
Published: January 2005

Dependence of luminous efficiency in the Y2O3: Eu‐Gd2O3: Eu solid solutions which are highly promising for application in FED was studied. Their volt‐luminance characteristics have been explained on the basis of the sensibilization effects of the Eu3+ emission with Gd3+ ions and by decrease of the penetration depth of the primary electrons into the phosphor. This allowed to determine a thickness of a “dead layer” and to show its dependence on the phosphor synthesis conditions.
P‐30: The Effects of a Thermal Treated Au on the Porous Polycrystalline Silicon Nano‐Structured Emitter
Authors: Lee Joo‐Won , Kim Hoon , Kim Jong‐Moo , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Lee Yun‐Hi , Jang Jin , Oh Myung‐Hwan
Published: January 2005

At present Porous polycrystalline silicon Nano‐Structured PNS emitter shows the relatively high performance with lower turn‐on voltage and higher emission current than the conventional field emitter. But it has still the problem to be solved. Since the Au as a top‐electrode was thermally diffused to thin oxide during the vacuum packaging process, the electrical performance of PNS emitter was decreased by thermal activation energy between the thin firms. In this study, we analyze the changed property of Au using Auger Electron spectrometer AES and Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM. And the property of Au related with the thermal activation energy was discussed with the fundamental diffusion property. From this analysis, we can understand for electron emission property of PNS emitter and made the vacuum packaged PNS emitter.
P‐35: System Design Considerations for TFT‐LCD Panels Using Sample and Hold Based Column Drivers
Authors: Zajac C. , Poniatowski S.
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we outline the unique system requirements of a flat panel display that uses sample and hold based column drivers. The basic operation and system considerations of the sample and hold architecture are compared to the traditional R‐DAC architecture, specifically in terms of output performance and accuracy.
P‐36: Block‐dim Free Driving Options for TFT Panels with PCB‐less or COG Gate Driver
Authors: Buchschacher Pascal , Daum Martin
Published: January 2005

New low cost assembly techniques for TFT gate drivers GDs use on‐glass track to replace traditional printed circuit board PCB wiring. Row return currents then induce excessive voltage disturbances because the sheet resistance of on‐glass track is roughly 100 times higher than before. TFT panels with storage capacitor Cst on the previous gate line are badly affected when driven by conventional 2‐level GDs. Horizontal gray areas of different intensity block‐dim appear when an asymmetrical pattern is displayed. This paper reviews known techniques to suppress block‐dim and proposes a new solution for standard TFT panels.
P‐37: High Quality Video over Powerline Networks
Authors: Berbecel G. , Omidi M. J. , Alavi H. , Chini A.
Published: January 2005

The article describes a system that can be utilized to transmit compressed video through a Powerline network based on HomePlug standard to a digital video display. The issues that are specific to this type of medium, and the ways they are addressed for getting a high quality video are discussed.
P‐38: Driving Scheme for Improving Color Performance of LCD's: Accurate Color Capture
Authors: Lee Seung Woo , Kim Jong Seon , Souk Jun
Published: January 2005

This paper describes a novel driving scheme, ACC Accurate Color Capture, for improving color accuracy of LCD's. ACC changes RGB gamma curves separately to reduce the color shift with respect to the gray level. ACC dramatically reduced correlated color temperature shift from 3300K to 75K through 255‐64 gray range with 2.4 gray gamma value. As experimental results, ACC is little affected by gamma value variation of 2.0–2.8.
P‐39: Development of 5″ Poly‐Si Transflective Panel by 7‐Mask Process, Operated with P‐MOS Circuit
Authors: Kim D. H. , Choi P. M. , Chung K. W. , Uemoto T. , Kim C. W.
Published: January 2005

In order to reduce the cost and to have a comparative process with that of a‐Si, 7 mask process architecture for Poly‐Si was developed in this study. Also, PMOS process architecture is simplifiedand optimized, varying LDDLightly Doped Drain dose, the thickness of gate oxide, typres of ILDInterLayer Dielectric.
P‐40: 0.5μm Enabling Lithography for Low‐Temperature Polysilicon Displays
Authors: Clube Francis , Jorda Mathieu , Mourgue Steéphane , Nobari Ali Reza , Inoue Satoshi , Iriguchi Chiharu , Grass Elmar , Mayer Herbert , Brunner Martin
Published: January 2005

A holographic mask aligner with 0.5μm resolution and an exposure field up to 150mm × 150mm is presented for printing patterns onto display substrates with dimensions up to 500mm × 400mm. Results are shown demonstrating 0.15μm alignment accuracy and a field‐to‐field stitching accuracy of 0.3μm.
P‐43: Thermal Printing of Color Filters for Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Andrews Gerald D. , Caspar Jonathan V.
Published: January 2005

Laser thermal imaging shows promise as an alternative to the traditional spin‐coated photopolymer process to prepare color filters for LCD displays. Advantages of the thermal process include fewer process steps and organic solvent‐free processing.
P‐46: Suitable Scribing Conditions for AMLCD Glass Substrates
Authors: Murata T. , Miwa S. , Yamazaki H. , Yamamoto S.
Published: January 2005

Suitable scribing conditions for AMLCD glass substrates OA‐10 and OA‐21 were experimentally investigated in order to prevent cutting failure or chipping during the scribing and breaking processes. The suitable scribing load range for OA‐21, a newly designed low‐density glass substrate, is slightly higher than that for OA‐10.
P‐50: 42‐inch PDP Autostereoscopic 3D Display
Authors: Kim Beomshik , Lee Jangdoo , Oh Yoonsik , Jang Hyoungwook , Nam Hui , Song Myoungseop , Yu Mi
Published: January 2005

We have made a 42‐inch PDP autostereoscopic three‐dimensional display. A sheet of lenticular lens is placed in front of a 42‐inch PDP of full color XGA. The surface temperature of a PDP can be high during its operating times. The pitch of lenticular lens may be expanded. It makes an undesirable problem of deteriorating the 3D image quality. To overcome this problem, we have developed a 3D simulator to design a lenticular lens properly and measured the thermal expansion ratio of the lenticular lens and the surface temperature of the PDP. These two measured values have been used in the design of lenticular lens.
LP‐1: Late‐News Poster: High Efficiency Reconfigurable 2D/3D Autostereoscopic Display
Authors: Woodgate Graham J. , Harrold Jonathan
Published: January 2005

A novel architecture to enable flat panel displays to be electrically reconfigured between a full resolution 2D mode and a half resolution, low cross talk, autostereoscopic 3D mode is described. A Polarisation Activated Microlens comprising a high precision passive birefringent lens array and a commodity switchable polariser element is added to existing LCD panels with a low cost premium. The architecture enables high optical efficiency in 2D and 3D modes and is suitable for transmissive, reflective and transflective LCD devices. The implementation of the component on a transmissive TFT‐LCD is described and measured performance presented.
P‐51: Dual Directional Backlight for Stereoscopic LCD
Authors: Sasagawa T. , Yuuki A. , Tahata S. , Murakami O. , Oda K.
Published: January 2005

We propose a new light direction controlling backlight for nonglasses field sequential stereoscopic LCD. This backlight using a double‐sided prism sheet can change the direction of light by switching the light sources. We made a prototype, and demonstrated that the light from the backlight could be separated into the required directions
LP‐2: Late‐News Poster: Investigation and Analysis of a Design for Seamless Tiling of LCD Displays Based on PL‐LCD Architecture
Authors: Mienko M. , Crossland W. A. , Mavaddat R.
Published: January 2005

In this paper we present the aspects of designing a seamless display using tiled Photoluminescent LCD PL‐LCD imaging elements. The method described combines a single LED backlight source, projection and beam shaping optics, LC pixel block and a photoluminescent screen, all of which make up a single element, which then in principle, allows tiling of arbitrary large displays using typical LCDs. Nevertheless, spatial variation in brightness, optical distortion and liquid crystal effects impose system design limitations and also cause front face appearance problems. All of these are reported and possible solutions described.
P‐53: A MisAddressing‐Free Triangular Color‐pixel Arrangement Structure for High Efficacy ACPDPs
Authors: Kim Jung Hun , Min Byoung‐Kuk , Park Hyun‐Il , Choi Kwang‐Yeol
Published: January 2005

We observed the phosphor emissions and the mis‐addressing discharge in a Triangular Color‐pixel Arrangement structure that occurs more frequently in higher Xe contents. By analyzing the observed emissions and mis‐addressing phenomenon, we developed a misaddressing‐free 50‐inch XGA TCA Triangular Color‐pixel Arrangement structure which also showed the higher efficacy characteristics.
P‐55: Discharge Characteristics of the AC PDP with Coplanar long‐gap Electrodes
Authors: Lee Jae Hyun , Kim Bhum Joon , Hong Sang Min , Choi Kyung Cheol , Cho Hyung Joon
Published: January 2005

The basic discharge characteristics of the coplanar long gap electrodes in an AC PDP were investigated. The luminous efficiency of the 150μm gap coplanar discharge was 3.7 lm/W. The luminous efficiency was decreased drastically when the gap of the coplanar discharge was 500μm. The luminous efficiency of the 500μm gap coplanar discharge was about 4 lm/W when the high frequency pulses were applied to the auxiliary electrode located at the center of two sustain electrode.
P‐57: Effects of Kr Addition on the Discharge Characteristics of He‐Ne‐Xe‐Kr Gas Mixtures in Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Jung E. Y. , Kwon Y. H. , Cho H. D.
Published: January 2005

The effects of Kr addition on the characteristics of the He‐ Ne‐Xe‐Kr gas mixtures were investigated to achieve high luminous efficiency in plasma display panel. The experimental results reveal that the luminous efficiency increased drastically with respect to Kr concentration at fixed applied voltage. The reason for this was considered due to increasing the Kr excimer emission Kr2* and reducing the power consumption. Especially, the luminous efficiency steeply increases at high gas pressure with increasing Kr concentration because the efficiency of Kr excimer Kr2* increases due to three‐body collision at high gas pressure.
P‐58: A New Reset Method Using Ramp biased Multiple Short Pulses RMSP for AC PDP
Authors: Yang Jin Ho , Kim Jae Seong , Jeong Jae Chul , Whang Ki Woong , Chung Woo Joon
Published: January 2005

We are proposing a new reset method for AC PDP, which is composed of multiple short pulses with fast ramp bias voltage. We have succeeded in achieving low background luminance as well as stable and higher address margin. When compared with the conventional ramp reset method, the darkroom contrast ratio can be increased by 52% and the reset time can be shortened by 215μs for each subfield.
P‐60: Reset Waveform for Dark‐Room Contrast‐Ratio Improvement
Authors: Kim Gun‐Su , Choi Hoon‐Young , Park Suk‐Jae , Lee Seok‐Hyun , Seo Jeong‐Hyun
Published: January 2005

In this paper, we propose the new reset waveform which shows high dark‐room contrast‐ratio and robustness for cross talk. We apply a ramp pulse to the address electrode after the erase X ramp pulse. And a constant bias voltage is applied to X electrode during the Y rising‐falling ramp and the address period. Using this method, we achieved a great dark‐room contrastratio 2750:1. However, the address minimum voltage was increased about 17∼37V compared with the conventional ramp reset method. We could reduce the minimum address voltage through the waveform optimizing. As a result, when VSB is −30V, we could reduce the address minimum voltage about 14∼28V and improve the dark‐room contrast‐ratio3000:1.
P‐62: Improvement in PDP Image Quality by Suppressing Dynamic False Contour While Maintaining High Brightness
Authors: Xu Bei Lei , Xie Zheng Cai , Tian Jin Shou , Niu Han Ben
Published: January 2005

Plasma display panels PDPs utilize pulse‐number modulation method to realize gradation display. The method usually gives rise to false contour distortion when moving picture is reproduced. To solve the problem, it's common to increase the number of sub‐fields and to optimize the value of weight for each sub‐field. However, with increasing the number of sub‐fields, the percentage of sustain period occupied in a TV‐field decreases, thus the maximum available brightness of image reproduced decreases. We proposed a new method to reduce dynamic false contour without increasing the number of sub‐fields. A TV‐field is divided into a dither‐gradation sub‐field, an interpolative‐gradation sub‐field and several main‐gradation sub‐fields. In each TV field, light‐emitting sub‐fields are successively arranged almost from the beginning of the TV field. Thus dynamic false contour can be substantially suppressed. Moreover, the number of sub‐fields is not increased due to introduction of a dither‐gradation sub‐field and an interpolative‐gradation sub‐field. As compared with the CLEAR method, only approximately half the number of sub‐fields is needed to obtain the same gradations display. Therefore the peak brightness is kept high.
P‐63: Pumping Characteristics of AC‐PDP Structures
Authors: Kim Oe Dong , Park Jae Bum , Choi Kwang Yeol
Published: January 2005

7.5″ AC‐PDPs with closed rib structures were prepared and their pumping characteristics were measured with a spinning rotor gauge. It is found that the pumping characteristics are composed of three different regimes, ‘volume flow’, ‘transient flow’ and ‘molecular flow’. The most time‐consuming regime was ‘molecular flow’. We applied the annealing process and the structural pumping paths that reduced the ‘molecular flow’. It is also found that the pumping characteristics of panels are quite dependent on the existence of the pumping paths when the annealing process is applied.
P‐64: Formation of Barrier Ribs for PDP by Micro‐Injection Molding Route
Authors: Choi Hak‐Nyun , Yoo Kwang‐Suk , Joe Sung‐Won , Kim Yong‐Seog
Published: January 2005

In this study, micro‐injection molding process was used in fabricating barrier ribs for the plasma display panels. A paste consisted of ceramic powders for the barrier ribs, binder, hardener, and dispersant was filled into cavities of a polymeric mold by an external pressure. Effects of ceramic powder and curing agent contents, diluent type and content on the viscosity of paste were investigated in order to increase the powder content in the paste. By optimizing the compositions of the paste, the micro‐injection molding pressure could be decreased to approximately 1.5 kgf/cm2 and defect free ribs were formed. The results demonstrated that the micro‐injection molding route is capable of producing barrier ribs of fine pitch.
P‐65: Modification of Physical Properties of Barrier Ribs of PDP using Fillers
Authors: Kim Yong‐Ho , Kim Yong‐Seog , Lee Seok‐Young , Hong Soon‐Kug
Published: January 2005

In this study, the effects of chemical compositions and inert fillers, such as quartz and Al2O3, on the sintering behavior and physical properties of barrier ribs of plasma display panels were investigated. The sintering of glass frit of compositions of 70PbO‐25SiO2‐5B2O3 was found to be affected significantly by the type of fillers used and their contents. The addition of fused quartz as a filler was found to reduce the sintering temperature as well as to improve the fracture resistance of the barrier ribs.
P‐69: Measurement and Simulation for Temperature Differences in a 42‐in. PDP Module
Authors: Cho Insoo , Lee Seokyeong , Shin Kwangbok
Published: January 2005

It is well known that panel glass of PDP module can be easily broken when the temperature difference on panel surface is over 20°C. Accordingly, it is necessary to improve heat dissipation of PDP module effectively in order that temperature difference of panel glass may be minimized after electrical discharge takes place between front panel and rear panel. Current heat dissipation scheme for PDP 42″ module consists of panels, chassis and TSSThermal Spread Sheet between panels and chassis. At present research, it is investigated through temperature measurement and numerical simulation how much TSS affects the temperature differences on front panel surface and it is also shown through measurement how much other kind of TSS can reduce both the temperature differences and highest temperature on front panel surface.
P‐70: Active Matrix OLED Displays Using Simple Poly‐Si TFT Process
Authors: Park Yong In , Ahn Tae Jun , Kim Sung Ki , Park Jae Yong , Yoo Juhn S. , Kim Chang Yeon , Kim Chang Dong
Published: January 2005

We have suggested and developed a novel 6 photo‐mask process for the p‐channel poly‐Si thin film transistor TFT panel fabrication of active matrix organic light‐emitting diode AMOLED. By removing power line Vdd and bank photo process, we simplified the fabrication process from 8 to 6 mask steps. The p‐channel TFT fabricated by the 6 photo‐mask process had a field effect mobility of ∼80 cm2/Vsec, a sub‐threshold voltage swing of ∼0.3 V/dec., and a threshold voltage of ∼−2 V. Using the 6 photo‐mask process, we have successfully realized a 7‐inch WVGA 720×480 AMOLED panel, which is controlled by the voltage driving method.
P‐71: OLED Pixel Design Employing a Novel Current Scaling Scheme
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hoon , Nam Woo‐Jin , Han Sang‐Myeon , Han Min‐Koo
Published: January 2005

A new active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) pixel design is proposed by employing a novel current scaling scheme and verified by SPICE simulation. The new pixel design scales down the data current more effectively to guarantee less charging time, compared with conventional current mirror structure, as well as compensates the variation of the electrical characteristics of poly‐Si TFTs, such as threshold voltage and mobility.
P‐77: High Efficiency Polymer‐Based Electrophosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Xie Zhiliang , Qiu Chengfeng , Chen Haiying , Tang Benzhong , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi‐Sing
Published: January 2005

We investigate the characteristics of an organic light‐emitting diode with phosphorescent polymer. Two types of double layer diodes based on poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) doped with phosphorescent fac tris(2‐phenylpyridine) iridium (III) [Ir(ppy)3]/aluminum (III) bis(2‐methyl‐8‐quinolinato) 4‐phenylphenolate (BAlq) and [PVK doped Ir(ppy)3]/Alq3 have been investigated. It is found that BAlq can serve as an electron transport layer as well as a hole blocking layer. At the optimal dopant concentration, a high efficiency OLED can be obtained. At 2wt% Ir(ppy)3, an effective external quantum efficiency of 10% photons/electron, a low turn‐on voltage of 6V and a luminance power efficiency of 7.3L/W can be achieved.
P‐79: High Color Purity White‐Light Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Dual Doped Configuration
Authors: Chen Shih‐Fang , Wang Ching‐Wu
Published: January 2005

We have fabricated a triple‐wavelength white‐light organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) by a dual doped technique, providing a BczVBi doped Anthracene layer for blue emission as well as a 4‐Dicyanomethylene‐2‐methyl‐6‐[2‐(2, 3, 6, 7‐tetra‐hydro‐1H, 5H‐benzo[ij]‐quinolizin‐8‐yl)vinyl]‐4H‐pyran (DCM2) doped Alq3 layer for red emission, combining an undoped Alq3 layer for green emission. Evidence showed that by adopting the device configuration constituted by a blue emission layer of Anthracene:3%BczVBi, a red emission layer of Alq3:0.25%DCM2, and a green emission layer of undoped Alq3, a stable and high color purity white‐light OLED could be realized.
P‐80: Efficient Organic White Light‐Emitting Devices with Multicolor Emitting Layers
Authors: Lee Moon‐Jae , Lee Nam‐Heon , Lee Changhee , Hwang Do Hoon , Kim Young Kwan
Published: January 2005

We report efficient white organic light‐emitting devices consisting of a blue‐emitting layer of 1,4‐bis(2,2‐diphenyl vinyl)benzene (DPVBi) and a red‐emitting layer of both 4‐dicyanomethylene‐2‐ methyl‐6‐[2‐(2,3,6,7‐tetrahydro‐1H, 5H‐benzo[i, j]quinolizin‐8‐yl)vinyl]‐4H‐pyran) (DCM2) and rubrene doped into tris(8‐ hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3). The devices show a white light‐emission with the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.34, 0.30). The external quantum efficiency is 2.5 % and luminous efficiency is 1.1 lm/W at a luminance of 100 cd/m2.
P‐86: Numerical Device Simulation of Bilayer Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Yong Soo , Park Jae‐Hoon , Choi Jong Sun
Published: January 2005

Theoretical simulations of spatial distribution of charge carriers and recombination rate, and I‐V characteristics of the bilayer organic light emitting diodes are carried out. Drift‐diffusion current transport, field‐dependent carrier mobility, exponential trap distribution, and Langevin recombination models are included in this computer model. The simulated results show good agreement with the experimental data indicating the validity of the physical models for organic light emitting diodes.
P‐88: Thin Film Encapsulation for OLEDs: Evaluation of Multi‐layer Barriers using the Ca Test
Authors: Nisato Giovanni , Kuilder M. , Bouten Piet , Moro L. , Philips O. , Rutherford N.
Published: January 2005

We report on a method to evaluate thin film barriers for direct encapsulation of OLEDs. Based on the corrosion of reactive metal films and modeling thereof, this method is used to quantify the water permeation rate of high‐performance diffusion barriers. This method was first used to measure the barrier properties of flexible plastic substrates for display applications [1]. In the present work the system has been automated for improved repeatability and optical calibration has been performed to assess the sensitivity. Effective water vapor transmission rates down to 10−6 g/m2/day can be detected. Permeation data on a multi‐layer thin film encapsulant was obtained at three temperatures. To demonstrate compatibility in the application, the same thin film encapsulant was used to package actual passive matrix devices. This is the first report of a quantitative measure of an OLED compatible thin film encapsulant.
LP‐5: Late‐News Poster: Plasma‐CVD SiNx / Plasma‐Polymerized CNx:H Multi‐layer Passivation Films for Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Akedo Kunio , Miura Atsushi , Fujikawa Hisayoshi , Taga Yasunori
Published: January 2005

We have developed plasma‐CVD SiNx / plasma‐polymerized CNx:H multi‐layer films to improve the longevity of passivated OLEDs for automobile applications. The films had high barrier against moisture even at high temperatures, because the thermal stress of the films was released by the soft CNx:H layers and no crack was produced.