bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can negative word-of-mouth have any impact on brand sustainability?
Authors: Kakalejcik Lukas , Fedorko Richard , Gavurova Beata , Bacik Radovan
Published: April 2021

Companies invest large amounts of funds to support their image as an incentive to make customers purchase the company's products. This paper's main objective is to estimate the impact of negative word-of-mouth on brand/product sustainability. As word-of-mouth represents customers' conversation regarding the quality of the company's products, the customer's voice is often analyzed to avoid negative experience outreach. History has carried several cases in which outreach could endanger a company's bottom line or even existence. The purpose of our study was to find out if this assumption could be supported. Approximately 100000 product reviews were collected in six selected categories in the Slovak market. The quantity of positive and negative word-of-mouth (PWOM/NWOM) was analyzed. It was found that there are approximately 15 times more positive reviews than negative ones. Based on previous studies' results, worst- and best-case scenarios were modeled to determine the possible impact of both PWOM and NWOM. It was found that in both cases, the direct reach of PWOM is higher than that of NWOM. On average, in the worst-case scenario, the reach of PWOM is 3.93 times higher than the reach of NWOM. In the best-case scenario, the reach of PWOM is 8.85 times higher than the reach of NWOM. According to the results, brand managers should focus on getting more positive reviews and thus positive word-of-mouth as it may have a stronger effect on the brand's sustainability. In other words, getting more ambassadors from the pool of customers satisfied with the brand might seem a reasonable strategy to avoid the potential danger from customers who were not satisfied with the products and willing to spread the word about their dissatisfaction.
Dual quality of products: myths and facts through the opinions of millennial consumers
Authors: Bartkova Lucia , Veselovska Lenka , Sramkova Marianna , Zavadsky Jan
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on the dual quality of daily consumption products through the lens of the Millennial generation. According to the literature sources, Millennials are a generation of people that would become the main purchasing power in a few years. There are many diverse opinions on dual quality. Few are based on actual evidence, making it hard for regular consumers to differentiate between what is real and what is made up. This research study aims to sort out the myths and facts concerning the dual quality of daily consumption products utilizing the Millennial customers as a subject of research and information sources. Investigating the topic of dual quality revealed that the greatest attention was allocated to product testing and proved that dual quality existed. In Slovakia, however, there was a lack of research on consumer opinions on this topic. Therefore, the results of this study examining the Millennials' views on dual quality are unique. The empirical research was carried out in the years 2019 - 2020 on a sample of 987 respondents. From them, 395 consumers were selected who met the Millennial generation's characteristics in terms of age. The methodological tools of the research were the Binomial test, Multivariate Regression Analysis and the Chi-square test. As the research results show, the dual quality is most commonly observed by the Millennials with higher incomes and living in smaller settlements. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that Millennials consider dual quality to be the most ethical issue. Based on empirical research results, the paper presents suggestions for companies on how to manage the production and supply of products to different European Union countries without breaking the rules and aggravating the consumers. The proposals are based on current EU legislation and are formulated according to the authors' empirical research results.
Management of innovation development: critical evaluation of the international economic relations
Authors: Huseynov Ilkin Adil , Illiashenko Tetiana , Petroke Ieva
Published: April 2021

The problem of the geopolitical stability of the country has always been the basis of sustainable economic development. CIS countries and their closest neighbours are the international centres where important transport and communication routes from Asia to Europe intersect. They have a wide range of various raw material reserves, which focuses the world community's attention and builds a separate vector of economic relations. The transformation processes that have taken place in recent years in countries have been due to scientific and technological progress, the intensity of global innovation, and globalization trends, which encourage the country to move to a new level of development. This article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the place and prospects of CIS countries' international economic position in the formation of the basis for innovative development. The main purpose of the study is to confirm the hypothesis about the functional links between foreign trade and investment activities of countries and the level of innovative development of the country according to the level of economical development. The study's methodological tools were the methods of correlation-regression analysis and simultaneous structural equations, which allow formalizing both explicit and latent relationships between the studied objects. The study period was chosen from 2011 to 2018 because of statistical data availability. In this regard, the array of input data is presented in the form of regressors which identify the level of innovation development countries and three dependent variables (regressands) which indicate the dynamics of foreign trade turnover, doing business and total internal economic conditions. Besides, the variables from each defined block participate as both dependent and independent variables during the construction of the structural model. The results of the study could be useful for The Innovation Agencies, which are established under the Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies of these countries that assist local business entities in acquiring modern technologies and technological solutions
Innovative approaches to enterprise competitiveness assessment
Authors: Tyukhtenko Nataliya , Makarenko Serhii , Oliinyk Nataliia , Portugal Edwin
Published: April 2021

An important condition for the effective functioning of business entities of all forms of ownership in modern conditions of uncertainty and environment instability is the correct assessment of market conditions and opportunities in short- and long-term perspectives. The article aims to analyse modern methodological approaches to assess the competitiveness of enterprises to identify and justify possible aspects of their improvement considering the specifics of the functioning of domestic research objects. The research’s methodology based on domestic and foreign scientific works, leading experts’ opinions, statistical data, and public authorities’ analytical materials. The results were obtained by using expert methods – to investigate the impact of market factors and resource potential on light industry enterprises competitiveness; economic and mathematical methods – to calculate the integral indicator of the enterprise competitiveness; abstract-logic method – to theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions. In determining the integral indicator of enterprise competitiveness, the method of taxonomic analysis was used with additional consideration of the specific weight of each factor influence on an integral indicator of enterprise competitiveness. In determining the specific impact of the indicators on the integrated indicator of the industrial enterprises’ competitiveness, the external experts’ views involved in the industry, their qualification competencies, and the level of fluctuations in the middle of the study group were considered. It was revealed that the existence of an enterprise could be considered objectively justified if it produces goods needed from the public point of view and uses resources within the qualitatively and quantitatively defined by society. Therefore, it was proposed to allocate eight levels of competitiveness, considering the technological and resource armament to grade the light industry enterprises'' competitiveness.
The impact of national culture on environmental performance: case for GSS countries
Authors: Dkhili Hichem , Dhiab Lasaad Ben
Published: April 2021

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of national culture and environmental performance. The main paper’s goal is the empirical examination of the national culture determinants and their impacts on environmental performance. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that environmental performance is a relevant objective in the Gulf Council countries (GCC). The investigation of the topic on the national culture of GCC in the paper was carried out in a logical sequence. The methodological tool of this research was applied to measure the impact of national culture on environmental performance. For gaining the paper’s goal, the study involved the empirical approach justified by using a structural model. The empirical analysis results showed a positive effect of national culture on environmental performance. The findings allowed suggesting that Power distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty avoidance, Long term orientation moderated the relationship between national culture and environmental performance The results implied that Power distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and long-term orientation in the GCC's companies had a positive and significant relation with environmental performance. The results of this research could be useful for the GCC companies to promote the long-term orientation and environmental performance for good development and economic growth. Besides, the author suggested maintaining the environmental performance and limit the average financial performance.
Eco-innovation vs. environmental taxation: what is more effective for state budget?
Authors: Hakimova Yegana , Samusevych Yaryna , Alijanova Shahla , Guluzade Esmira
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the use of environmental taxes and the introduction of environmental innovations in terms of impact on the parameters of revenues and expenditures of the state budget. The study includes 10 countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Slovak Republic). The analysis period covers 2010–2019. Systematization of scientific research proves the importance of using different tools to ensure sustainable development and greening of the national economy. The main purpose of the study is to determine a more effective form of interaction between government and business in the process of transforming the national economy in the direction of more environmentally friendly products and technologies by economic and mathematical modeling of environmental taxes and eco-innovation impact of budget revenues and expenditures. The calculations consist on the several stages: 1) determining the list of relevant control variables using correlation analysis, which eliminates the problem of multicollinearity; 2) determination of the model specification (fixed or random effects) using the Hausman test; 3) identification of the generalizing effects of the impact of environmental taxation and the eco-innovation index on the indicators of budget revenues and expenditures using a generalized least squares panel regression model with random effects; 4) study of the impact of the main components of environmental taxes and components of the eco-innovation index on the parameters of the state budget using panel regression modelling; 5) determination of short-term and long-term effects of the impact of environmental taxes and eco-innovations on the parameters of budget revenues and expenditures bt auto-regression distributive lag modelling. Stata 12/SE software tools were used for calculations. The study indicates the need to transform approaches to the implementation of state environmental policy. Thus, it has been proven that government incentives for the introduction of environmental innovations in the economy can be more effective than increasing the burden of environmental taxes.
An analysis of factors that impact the change management process
Authors: Furxhi Gentisa , Dollija Elda
Published: April 2021

Business are facing new threats or opportunities due to globalization, changes in costumers demands, new technologies, new expectations from society. Business change to stay competitive and to survive. It is very important to find the proper change and to manage it effectively. Many researchers, (Lewin, 1951; Kotter, 1996; Peddle et al., 1998; Paton and McCalman, 2000), have developed change models which describe important stages involved in effective change management process. Organizational change can be planned or unplanned. Organizations may change their products, structure, strategy or people. Although, what type of change an organization is undertaking, it had been argued that organizational change will fail without effective communication, appropriate leadership, employee commitment and readiness to change.  Managers, know that a change to be successful needs to be managed effectively.

There are many factors that create effective change management. In this paper we will focus on the impact of leadership, communication and employee commitment to change. Employees implement changes in organization and if they do not have the necessary information why organization needs the change and what is the outcome of proposed change they probably will refuse it. Also, leadership has an important role in change management. Employees need to feel security from their leader that change will improve their organization and will bring benefits to all of them. Employees are very concern to know if organization has the capacity to implement the proposed change.
Student’s socialization: problems and mechanisms of implementation through the development of a linguistic identity
Authors: Akhmetshina Alla , Biktimirova Dilya
Published: April 2021

This article announces the results of a study conducted within the framework of the Uralym project, revealing topical issues of youth socialization. The purpose of this article is to record the intermediate results of a comparative analysis and determine the areas of interaction and mutual influence of issues and problems of youth socialization. Particular attention is paid to promising opportunities for youth adaptation through the development and education of a linguistic personality. As part of the professional training of specialists, the parameters of the expansion and deepening of their linguistic worldview are investigated using the objects and methods of comparative sociolinguistics. The connection between new approaches to the formation of a linguistic personality and the socialization of youth through tourism, local history, history, culture, traditions of the region is revealed, and the possibilities and mechanisms of excursion rhetoric are used.
Features of insurance risks’ classification as the basis of risk management of insurance companies in the financial crisis
Authors: Bondar Nataliia , Fursova Viktoriya
Published: April 2021

Since the global financial crisis had impacted on all aspects of insurance companies' activities, it became necessary to focus on the activities of insurers and further improve the integrated risk and capital management of global and regional insurers. The purpose of the research is to analyze differences between national and European standards for risk identification in Ukrainian insurance companies, and to provide suggestions for improving the mechanism of risk insurance management. Using the method of comparative analysis and the method of content analysis of national and international solvency standards for insurance companies, the national characteristics of the types of insurance risks and the organization of the implementation of European legislation in domestic practice were determined. By the method of generalization and deduction, the key challenges for improving the effectiveness of insurance risk management in Ukrainian practice were identified. The results of the study shows the necessity to implement a unified system of insurance risk management in Ukrainian practice, which contents national and global characteristics of the functioning of insurance markets. The results of the research have significant practical implications for insurance companies and state government insurance market and can serve as a basis for improvement of theoretical principles concerning the identification of insurance risks and implementing European experience of insurance companies in national practice.
Talent management strategies of a public UAE hospital in the Industry 4.0 era: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Al Amiri Nabeel , Abu Shawali Ahlam
Published: April 2021

Talents play a critical role in achieving organizational strategic goals and a higher level of performance in the healthcare industry. Therefore, the UAE government, which strives to provide world-class healthcare services, encouraged the adoption of talent management strategies and creation of essential capabilities for talent recruitment, development, and retaining. This study explores the talent management strategies, policies, and practices in multiple departments of a public UAE hospital. Moreover, it investigates required skills, competencies, and programs for those departments in the context of Industry 4.0. The study adopted a case study approach and qualitatively surveyed a purposive sample of 13 departmental managers, section heads, and supervisors who are experienced in employee management. The study found that talent management at the studied hospital is undefined and unclear in terms of strategies, policies, and practices. Furthermore, the study highlighted the need for employee encouragement, motivation, and engagement, as well as confirmed the critical role of management and leadership in facilitating talent management in the hospital. Accordingly, a UAE hospital could benefit from this study to develop its talent management policy and strategies that will guide managers in the Industry 4.0 era.
Acknowledgment The nursing administration, nursing research committee at Tawam hospital and managers who responded to the study survey are acknowledged for the extension of support for the study.
Clinical and pharmacological approaches to the optimisation of therapy in a coughing patient
Authors: Tsyganko D. V. , Berdnikova N. G. , Ekaterinchev V. A.
Published: April 2021

Cough is considered as an unconditional reflex adaptive defense response to irritating agents such as aeropollutants, foreign bodies, sputum, and is supposed to ensure adequate airway patency for normal gas exchange. Unfortunately, this mechanism is often transformed from a protective to a pathological one, lacking an adaptive function, causing suffering to the patient and exacerbating his poor condition. The line between physiological and pathological cough is often blurred and is perceived differently by both patients and physicians. In most cases, cough, including persistent cough, is treated with neglect by the general population - as an everyday occurrence with no major problems, and with a lack of awareness of tuberculosis, cancer and a number of other serious diseases. There are a large number of medicines on the market that are positioned as effective cough medicines. However, the wide variety of ways to treat this pathology demonstrates that there is no ideal cough medicine that combines universality, high efficacy and safety. Many drugs can cause serious side-effects, imposing severe restrictions on their use. Another difficulty is that the triggers and pathways of the cough reflex are extremely varied. Identifying the causes of persistent cough requires a thorough medical history, often with a multidisciplinary approach: extended examination, doctors such as otorhinolaryngologist, cardiologist, gastroenterologist, pulmonologist, oncologist, phthisiatrician, clinical pharmacologist (druginduced cough, drug-drug interactions). This article focuses on the differential diagnosis of cough and the selection of cough medicines based on their proven efficacy and safety. This information becomes particularly relevant during the seasonal increase in the incidence of acute respiratory infections.
Hyperactive bladder: concept of disease and paradigms in the treatment
Authors: Krivoborodov G. G. , Tur E. I. , Shirin D. A.
Published: April 2021

World studies have shown that the mean prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) ranges today from 11 to 16% of the global population and is common in both men and women. In addition, OAB is a diagnosis by exclusion. The article discusses two large groups of the causes of pathology: neurological and non-neurological. The former includes various diseases and conditions that lead to a complex abnormality in the urinary mechanism, namely, involuntary detrusor contractions and increased intravesical pressure. Spinal trauma, brain strokes and spinal strokes, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, etc. are the most common of them. Unidentified factors constitute the second group of causes resulting in urgent frequent urination, and what is meant here is idiopathic detrusor hyperactivity (IDH). In this case, a patient may have these symptoms amidst full health without any neurological history. According to the available current guidelines, the treatment of OAB includes a three-step algorithm and suggests lifestyle changes, drug therapy and, finally, minimally invasive methods of treatment. Historically, M-anticholinergics are the main drugs for the treatment of OAD symptoms. However, administration of drugs from this group may often be impossible due to prominent side effects, which are more commonly reported among elderly patients. Unlike M-anticholinergics, Mirabegron is the only β3-adrenergic receptor agonist today that has shown a high efficacy and safety profile based on the results of large-scale placebo-controlled clinical trials.
Rheumatic polymyalgia: clinic, diagnosis, principles of therapy (to help the primary care physician)
Authors: Svetlova M. S.
Published: April 2021

In recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of elderly people. Among the patients of the primary care physician, without a doubt, those who are over 60 years old predominate. A feature of the elderly is polymorbidity. Combined pathology, numerous complaints of patients make it difficult to diagnose diseases, require patience from the doctor, and, of course, knowledge. There are diseases that are peculiar only to the elderly, developing only after 50 years. These include rheumatic polymyalgia. This pathology is not frequent and, in this regard, is not very familiar to outpatient therapists. However, it is to them that elderly patients turn with complaints of pain and stiffness in the shoulder and/or pelvic girdle, in the neck, in the joints of the hands, fever, weight loss, sleep disorders, depression, general malaise (the main complaints of patients with rheumatic polymyalgia). The above-mentioned clinical manifestations, as well as the high laboratory activity inherent in this disease, make the doctor look for malignant neoplasms, infectious, systemic processes. This takes a long time, the diagnosis is delayed, the sufferings of the patient are prolonged. The article presents data on the prevalence, clinical features, methods of diagnosis of rheumatic polymyalgia and its differential diagnosis. The criteria of the disease, the principles of management of the patient at the outpatient stage  (step-by-step treatment with glucocorticoids, alternative approaches, prevention of side effects of therapy, which develop quite often) are also given. Awareness of primary care physicians about rheumatic polymyalgia, its manifestations and diagnostic methods will speed up the diagnosis, timely consultation of the patient with a rheumatologist, which will allow you to start adequate treatment, significantly improve the quality of life of an elderly patient, and prevent the destabilization of concomitant diseases.
Combined drugs in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections: a review of research results
Authors: Tsvetkov V. V.
Published: April 2021

Acute respiratory infections are of the greatest economic significance among all infectious diseases in the Russian Federation. There are no drugs with a direct antiviral effect for most acute respiratory viral infections, which efficacy would have been proven in the numerous clinical trials and confirmed by the results of meta-analyses today. The use of various combinations of antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drugs is the most common method of symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). The purpose of this review is to analyse and systematize the results of preclinical and clinical trials aimed at studying the safety and efficacy of fixed-doses combinations of paracetamol, pheniramine maleate, phenylephrine hydrochloride and ascorbic acid in the ARVI therapy. The search of scientific publications was carried out in the PubMed, ClinicalKey ELSEVIER and Google Scholar databases. The search depth was 10 years. The results of numerous comparative and placebo-controlled trials showed that the use of fixed-dose combinations of paracetamol, pheniramine maleate, phenylephrine hydrochloride and ascorbic acid in the ARVI therapy was pathogenetically justified, safe, and effective in relieving symptoms such as fever, rhinitis, cough, muscle and joint pain, sore throat, and headache. The combination drugs can ease the patient’s condition and help shorten the duration of the illness provided that they are administered in due time. Meanwhile, the pathogenetic effects of combination drugs aimed at localizing the focus of inflammation and minimizing the risk of complications warrant further research.
Cholecystocardial syndrome in real clinical practice
Authors: Trukhan D. I. , Degovtsov E. N. , Davydov E. L.
Published: April 2021

Cholecystocardial syndrome is a complex symptom complex, manifested by various disorders in the heart, the development of which is facilitated by the presence of gallstone disease and other diseases of the biliary tract in the patient. For many years, clinicians around the world have been studying the relationship between acute and chronic diseases of the biliary tract and the cardiovascular system. Often these disorders are detected during an attack of biliary colic, in which painful sensations in the region of the heart often occur, and in some cases they are equivalent to an attack of biliary colic. In real clinical practice, cholecystocardial syndrome is an actual syndrome of interest to therapists, cardiologists, gastroenterologists and surgeons. The review presents data on its prevalence, causes and mechanism of development, clinical manifestations. Data on the incidence of cholecystocardial syndrome in real clinical practice vary significantly, which depends on the interpretation of the concept of cholecystocardial syndrome. With the introduction of ultrasound into the widespread practice, the diagnosis of cholelithiasis was significantly simplified, therefore, cholecystocardial syndrome in the classical version described by S.P. Botkin, has been found less and less recently. With a broader consideration of the concept of cholecystocardial syndrome as a complex of clinical symptoms indicating the possibility of changes on the part of the cardiovascular system, in patients with a diagnosed pathology of the biliary tract, its occurrence is quite high. The analysis of domestic data on the problem of cholecystocardial syndrome in real clinical practice, combined with data obtained as a result of a search of foreign literature on electronic biomedical databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar) suggests the allocation of another mechanism of its development, associated with cholestasis, high levels of circulating bile acids and activation of bile acid receptors, and allows us to consider its cholecystocardial syndrome not only as a diagnostic syndrome during differential diagnosis, but also as a syndrome reflecting the comorbidity of the pathology of CVS and the biliary tract.
Innovative methods of rehabilitation at the outpatient and homestages in patients after pneumonia COVID-19
Authors: Alenskaya T. L.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. One of the important issues in the context of COVID-19 infection is the development of innovative forms of work with patients after pneumonia at the outpatient and home stages of medical rehabilitation.

Objective: to develop a remote form of work organization and to study the effectiveness of hypobaric altitude chamber adaptation and cytoflavin at the outpatient and home stages of medical rehabilitation in patients after pneumonia COVID-19.

Materials and methods. The  study included 315  people after suffering from COVID-19  pneumonia. The  first group consisted of 160 people who underwent a course of hypobaric altitude chamber adaptation, the average age of 53.5 (45,61) years. The second group (50 people) underwent a course of taking cytoflavin tablets; 63.9 (60.5; 67.6) years. The third group (105 patients) underwent a course of hypobaric chamber adaptation and cytoflavin administration; 55.1 (45.7; 60.9) years. We analyzed the scales that characterize the quality of life and psychological state of patients before and after the rehabilitation course, and 3 months after the end of the course.

Results and discussion. The use of one-and two-component courses contributed to the improvement of the indicators of the traumatic event impact assessment scale, the Schulte Table scale, and the self-assessment of the EQ-5 quality of life scale. The results obtained were statistically significantly different after the course of rehabilitation from the initial values and retained their difference after three months of observation.

Conclusions. An innovative remote form of work at the outpatient and home stages of medical rehabilitation has been developed and implemented – the YouTube project “Let’s help each other recover from pneumonia” (PDDVSMU). The stable prolonged effectiveness of a one- and two-component course of hypobaric altitude chamber adaptation in patients after COVID-19  pneumonia  at the  outpatient and home stages of  medical rehabilitation is shown. The  addition of  cytoflavin enhanced the rehabilitation effect of hypobaric adaptation. The data obtained should be taken into account when developing comprehensive programs for medical rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19 pneumonia.
The effect on the gastrointestinal tract of various forms of alendronate in comorbid patients taking NSAIDs
Authors: Shafieva I. A. , Bulgakova S. V. , Shafieva A. V. , Kniazev N. A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The use of bisphosphonates is associated with some risk of side effects. Gastrointestinal tract complications are particularly important in clinical practice, as they constitute the main reason for refusing bisphosphonate therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of various forms of alendronate on the gastrointestinal tract in comorbid patients taking NSAIDs.

Materials and methods. The study included 88 women aged 58–65 years (mean age 61.5 ± 3.5 years) with polyosteoarthrosis combined with postmenopausal osteoporosis, who received NSAIDs at medium therapeutic doses to manage a pain syndrome for a long time (3–5 years). The patients were divided into two groups: a group of patients receiving alendronate in the form of a buffered solution (n = 45), and a group of patients receiving alendronate in the form of non-dissolving tablets (n = 43). The first group used Binosto (adendronic acid) 70 mg as effervescent tablets once a week. The results were assessed before initiation of treatment and 6 months after treatment with bisphosphonates. Symptoms were evaluated using the GerdQ questionnaire. Esophageal mucosal injury and gastroduodenal ulceration were assessed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Results and discussion. After 6-month treatment, comparison of the two groups showed that the percentage of patients with a total GerdQ score of ≥ 8 points was significantly higher in the group of patients taking alendronate in the form of non-dissolving tablets (p = 0.04). The endoscopic findings showed that the number of patients with grade A reflux esophagitis in group 1 increased by 3.3%. The number of grade A reflux esophagitis cases in group 2 increased by 2.2%, those of grade B, C and D cases by 2.4%. The number of gastroduodenal ulcer cases also increased by 2.2% and 4.7% in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The number of gastroduodenal erosions increased by 3.5% in group 1 and 7% in group 2.

Сonclusion. Symptoms were less severe in patients receiving alendronate in the form of a solution, which points to the importance of choosing the optimal oral bisphosphonate for each patient.
Effect of polymorphisms in CYP3A4*22 (rs35599367) C>T, CYP3A5*3 (rs776746) A>G, ABCB1 (rs4148738) C>T and ABCB1 (rs1045642) C>T genes on apixaban anticoagulation: pilot study results
Authors: Sychev I. N. , Fedina L. V. , Osipov A. S. , Temirbulatov I. I. , Tataroy O. Yu. , Sozaeva Zh. A. , Akmalova K. A. , Denisenko N. P. , Abdullaev S. P. , Kachanova A. A. , Grishina E. A. , Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Apixaban is a direct oral anticoagulant prescribed for treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and for prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as apixaban are rapidly replacing warfarin therapy due to improved efficacy and safety profile shown in clinical trials. However, anticoagulants can cause serious and adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Aim. Study of the effect of carriage of polymorphisms in CYP3A4*22 (rs35599367) C>T, CYP3A5*3 (rs776746) A>G, ABCB1 (rs4148738) C>T and ABCB1 (rs1045642) C>T genes on the change in prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) in patients using apixaban.

Materials and methods. A total of 36 patients were enrolled onto this prospective observational study. All patients received apixaban at doses in accordance with instructions on how to administer the drug. Atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 26 patients, and secondary thrombotic complications in 23 patients. To perform pharmacogenetic tests and measure aPTT and PT parameters, venous blood samples from each patient were drawn on Days 4-5 after prescription of apixaban. The PharmGKB database was used to select candidate genes for the study. Genotyping was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Statistical analysis: data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics program, Version 23.0.

Results. In our study, we assessed the effect of polymorphisms in ABCB1 (rs1045738) C>T, ABCB1 (rs4148642) C>T genes on the aPTT and PT parameters. No statistically significant associations were found.

Conclusion. The differences between PT and APTT values in patients using apixaban in the groups with different polymorphisms in ABCB1 (rs1045738) C>T, ABCB1 (rs4148642) C>T gene were not statistically significant. Further studies are necessary to assess the effect of pharmacogenetics on the safety and efficacy profile of apixaban.
Inflammaging: inflammation and oxidative stress as a cause of aging and cognitive decline
Authors: Pereverzev A. P. , Romanovskii R. R. , Shatalova N. A. , Ostroumova O. D.
Published: April 2021

According to the theory of inflammaging, aging of the body and the development of age-related diseases are a consequence of a chronic progressive generalized inflammatory process that develops and persists throughout life under the influence of negative factors of an infectious and non-infectious nature. Inflammaging has a number of features that distinguish it from acute inflammation: a chronic nature of inflammation, a low level of inflammation, blurry clinical state (in the early stages of clinical manifestations there may not be any at all). The key pathogenetic role in inflammation plays age-associated changes in the innate immune system, which are referred to in the English literature as “immunosenescence” and oxidative stress. The main source of reactive oxygen species and free radicals in the cells are mitochondria. With age, the concentration of intracellular glutathione, one of the main factors of the antioxidant protection of the cell, decreases and a pathological condition arises in which the rate of production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species significantly exceeds the antioxidant capabilities, which leads to the formation of oxidative stress and disruption of the structure and function of cells. Oxidative stress, inflammation and neuroinflammation are closely related to cognitive impairment, pathological state that is often observed in a group of elderly and senile patients. Further study of the pathogenesis of Inflammaging and the role of oxidative stress in it will potentially lead to development of methods to slow down aging and treat age-related cognitive impairments.
The basic principle of pathogenetic therapy of purulent-inflammatory pathology of ENT organs
Authors: Gurov A. V. , Yushkina M. A.
Published: April 2021

The nature of the clinical manifestations of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs is determined, first of all, by the localization of the process, and in addition, by the severity of the reactions of general and local inflammation. In this regard, the authors of the article propose to consider the main factors of pathogenesis that determine the sequence and relationship of the stages of the inflammatory response: edema, redness, fever, pain and dysfunction. A special role in the implementation of the regulatory mechanisms of inflammation belongs to active molecules, the so-called inflammatory mediators. The authors of the article consider the main cellular and plasma mediators, concluding that most of the effects they carry out are accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the vascular wall, exudation, edema and tissue swelling. A similar reaction is, in general, nonspecific and is observed in a number of inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs, such as acute rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, acute sinusitis, eustachitis, acute otitis media. This circumstance allows the authors to conclude that a local therapeutic effect is necessary on this particular link of pathogenesis. To this end, the authors of the article propose the use of nasal decongestants, drugs with an alpha-adrenomimetic effect, which effectively relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa and facilitate nasal breathing. In clinical practice, preparations based on xylometazoline have proven themselves well.
Exceptional circumstances beyond International Swimming Federation Doping Control Rules: The Sun Yang case of Court of Arbitration for Sport
Authors: Vetrova Evgenia G. , Khalatova Raisa I. , Kashaeva Anastasia A.
Published: April 2021

The authors refer to the exceptional circumstances surrounding Sun Yang’s violation. The athlete intervened in the doping control procedure in several ways. First, he questioned the proper accreditation of the IDTM’s (The company “International Doping Tests and Management”) Samples Collection Personnel, one of which photographed him. This officer was suspended from urine sampling, but there was no longer a male specialist on the IDTM’s Samples Collection Personnel. Therefore, the collection of urine samples did not take place due to the athlete’s actions. A general distrust of IDTM’s Samples Collection Personnel due to inappropriate photographing was the catalyst for follow-up action. Secondly, the athlete required IDTM’s Samples Collection Personnel to confirm his credentials (accreditation) from the anti-doping organization, despite the submission of documents by IDTM’s Samples Collection Personnel following the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. Not having received the additional and, in the opinion of the athlete, necessary documents, he refused to participate in the doping control procedure as a whole, tearing up his previously given written consent. Finally, the athlete took part in the destruction of blood samples with a hammer, but his role in this process was controversial. A prerequisite for the destruction process of the samples was the assistance of the IDTM’s Samples Collection Personnel, who handed them over to the athlete in response to insistent demands. The listed circumstances, which are exceptional, however, could not affect the reduction of Sun Yang’s period of ineligibility, since the FINA (International Swimming Federation) Doping Control Rules, based on WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) Code 2015, do not imply such a basis. The new WADA Code 2021 offers a more flexible concept of liability and takes into account exceptional circumstances that in subsequent disputes about tampering can be established based on the example of the dispute CAS 2019/A/6148.
An inventory of the types of rodent spread in Houses with a study of external parasites of the most dominant species at Esna area, Luxor Governorate, Egypt
Authors: El-Aleem, Abd , Desoky S. S. , M. Fahmy Abdelnaeem.
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to identify of rodent species and the ectoparasites are widely recognized for the type prevalent in homes, at Esna District, Luxor Governorate, Egypt, during 2020 year. The results were revealed that the presence of three species of rats included gray-bellied rat, Rattus rattus alexandrinus the dominant species from, Rattus rattus frugivorus and the Nile grass rat, Arvicanthis niloticus. The results also indicated that the identification of two types of fleas, Xenopsylla cheopis & Pulex irritans, and one species of lice, Polyplax spinulosa, associated with the gray-bellied was identified. The study reports the interest in making integrated control programs for rodents to get rid of them and the risks of their external parasites. Keywords: Rattus r. alexandrinus, Rattus r. frugivorus, A. niloticus Xenopsylla cheopis,Pulex irritans, Polyplax spinulosa
On the article “Weathered potassic volcanic rocks as protoliths of the hematitic phyllites of the southern Serra do Espinhaço (MinasGerais)”: a discussion
Authors: Cabral Alexandre , de Abreu Francisco
Published: April 2021

Chaves and Knauer (2020) have presented three new whole-rock chemical analyses of phyllitic hematite, a unique metamorphic rock of the southern Serra do Espinhaço. Based on their three samples and a selection of other three samples from the literature, Chaves and Knauer have proposed that the geochemical uniqueness of the rock – i.e., high contents of K2O, Al2O3 and Fe2O3, and depletion in SiO2 – would represent a weathered, feldspathoid-rich alkaline basalt. This contribution is a discussion of their new data, the trace-element contents of which are at odds with those of a potassic, mantle-derived volcanic protolith for the hematitic phyllite. Its Nb/Th ratios of ~3 and chondrite-normalised La/Yb ratios of ~9–17, for instance, are typical of the continental crust. We also point out aspects that escaped the attention of Chaves and Knauer (2020), one of which is the ubiquitous occurrence of tourmaline in the hematitic phyllite.
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ZIF-ZNI Nanocrystals used for Oil-water
Separation
Authors: Rodrigues Meiry Glaucia Freire , Tomaz Patrícia Fernandes , Rodrigues Diogo Pierre Alves , Barbosa Tellys Lins Almeida
Published: April 2021

Background:

The oil removal from industrial effluents is one of the biggest problems
faced in the world. It is a very important environmental issue, and it is necessary to solve this
problem. In this sense, ZIFs are increasingly important in the environmental area.

Objective:

This work reports a method for the synthesis of ZIF-zni nanocrystals at room temperature
in 1 h, and a performance of the ZIF-zni nano adsorbent in the oil removal from the oil-water
emulsion.

Methods:

ZIF-zni was produced from the solvothermal method, and it was characterized by X-ray
diffraction, electron microscopy, contact angle, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. Oilwater
emulsion was produced by lubricant oil and distilled water. Batch-type adsorption at 200
rpm for 2 h was used to evaluate the potential of ZIF-zni for the separation of the oil-water emulsion
with initial oil concentration (100, 300 mg/L) and temperature (30, 60 °C).

Results:

The characterizations showed that the crystalline phase of ZIF-zni was successfully obtained.
The ZIF-zni exhibit a very high removal percentage (above 95%) and adsorption capacity.
The predictions of multiple linear regression models determined based on the factorial design of experiments
are excellent.

Conclusion:

The value up to 2879 mg/g of adsorption capacity was reached, thus indicating that
the use of the nanoadsorbent ZIF-zni has great potential in the process of separating oil-water emulsion.
Revisiting Disruptive Technology and the Innovator’s Dilemma in the Age of Cybersecurity
Authors: Hennessy Michael A.
Published: April 2021

On November 23, 2020, Dr. Michael A. Hennessy presented on the topic of Revisiting Disruptive Technology and the Innovator’s Dilemma in the Age of Cybersecurity at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a moderated question and answer period. Key points of discussion included: the difficulties of embracing major technological change in modern military bureaucracies; how organisational culture is an impediment to change; and how leadership and management in military organisations is out of step with the pace of change.
Policing in the 21st Century
Authors: McDonald Dwayne
Published: April 2021

On November 26, 2020, Dwayne McDonald, Assistant Commissioner for the RCMP, presented Policing in the 21st Century at the 2020 CASIS Vancouver West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a group panel for a question and answer period. Main discussion topics included technology and policing, big data, and the challenges that social media poses for law enforcement.
Lessons from the Cambridge Analytica Crisis
Authors: Briant Emma
Published: April 2021

On November 27, 2020, Dr. Emma Briant presented Lessons from the Cambridge Analytica Crisis: Confronting Today's (Dis)information Challenges, at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question and answer period with other speakers. The key points of the discussion focused on digital mercenaries, surveillance capitalism, and Western government/military responses to foreign influence campaigns.