bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinantes de la productividad de los trabajadores
Authors: Rodríguez Arana Alejandro
Published: August 2018

Se plantea un modelo donde los trabajadores deben cumplir una jornada laboral determinada de antemano, pero donde, en cierto rango, pueden escoger el esfuerzo que se realiza en el trabajo. Cuando el salario por hora contiene un componente fijo y un premio al esfuerzo, la respuesta de dicho esfuerzo a modificaciones en el premio descrito es muy similar a la tiene el empleo ofrecido al salario por hora en el modelo básico de oferta de trabajo. Por otra parte, políticas destinadas a reasignar la jornada laboral, por ejemplo con sistemas como el de trabajo en casa (home office), incrementan el esfuerzo. La reducción de la jornada laboral aumenta el esfuerzo y el salario por hora, tiene gran posibilidad de aumentar el trabajo efectivo total, pero tiene alta posibilidad de reducir el salario total.
ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SUSTAINABLE SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH CLAY BRICKS WASTE AGGREGATE
Authors: Khalil Wasan , Al-Daebal Thaer
Published: August 2018

The present study covers the use of different percentages (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of clay bricks waste as replacement by volume of coarse natural aggregates to produce sustainable self-compacted concrete (SCC). All mixes used containing 10% silica fume as a replacement by cement weight. The properties of SCC studied were, workability, fresh density, dry density, water absorption, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modules of elasticity and thermal conductivity. The results show that the flow ability, filing ability, and passing ability of self -compacted concrete through steel reinforcement are decrease with the increase of clay brick waste content. In addition, the segregation resistance decreases with the increase of clay brick waste content of SCC. The use of clay brick waste aggregate causes reduction in density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modules of elasticity and thermal conductivity of SCC. The percentage reduction increases with the increase of clay bricks waste content in self-compacted concrete.
GRAÇA GRAÚNA: A POESIA COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE SOBREVIVÊNCIA
Authors: Olivieri-Godet Rita
Published: August 2018

No seio dos debates sobre o transculturalismo, na literatura, analisamos as construções poéticas das paisagens urbanas, relacionando-as às imagens da memória do território indígena e aos referentes culturais associados em Tear da Palavra (2007) de Graça Graúna. Trata-se de explorar as relações do sujeito poético com o espaço urbano e com os territórios autóctones, levando em consideração a complexidade das figurações que se referem tanto ao processo de interação entre a dimensão espacial e o ser humano, quanto às práticas do espaço e das paisagens. Observamos igualmente as mudanças da paisagem operadas pelas mobilidades forçadas, presentificadas pelos sujeitos poéticos, conforme essas paisagens remetam ao espaço urbano ou a territórios culturais tradicionais. Abordaremos a forma como a autora percebe e representa, em sua obra, a experiência individual e coletiva desses espaços. Os textos de Graúna ultrapassam a dimensão nacional e espelham as problemáticas referentes à ocupação dos territórios dos povos autóctones, inscrevendo-se em um patamar de identidade mais continental, com a reconstrução das identidades emancipadoras na contemporaneidade pluricultural das Américas.
CARLOS FUENTES EM SUA VARANDA
Authors: Filho Wilton Barroso , Santana Denise Moreira
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma visão do modelo jornalístico do autor e romancista Carlos Fuentes e visitar a obra póstuma Federico en su balcón, para refletir sobre aspectos que interligam sua amizade com o escritor Milan Kundera, com considerações feitas a partir do ensaio Milan Kundera: o idílio secreto, e o prêmio González Ruano de jornalismo recebido em 2008 pelo texto jornalístico sobre a obra de Hernán Lara Zavala: Península, península. A possibilidade de análise comparativa entre a defasagem temporal das obras destes autores permite tratar no ambiente estético a particularidade universal da literatura visto pela crônica que persegue um tempo revolucionário de diferentes racionalidades estéticas justapostas.
Como Privatizar os Correios:
Authors: Deters Odair
Published: August 2018

Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos vem vivenciando um dos piores períodos financeiros de sua história, com prejuízos bilionários. Contudo apresenta-se a alternativa da privatização. Esse trabalho irá relatar e comparar transformações em 18 diferentes países e propor uma alternativa para que ocorra a privatização dos Correios. O artigo possui um recorte de natureza qualitativa partindo da hipótese de que as transformações apresentadas no setor poderiam indicar um caminho a ser seguido pelo Brasil. Como resultado, evidencia-se que o Brasil não acompanhou as transformações observadas nos demais países e propõe-se a criação de uma holding composta por quatro empresas de forma a facilitar o processo e obter-se ganhos decorrentes das privatizações. No entanto o artigo também observa eventuais consequências decorrentes da privatização, em especial a formação de oligopólio decorrente da regulação. Este estudo pode colaborar para o avanço das discussões de forma a resolver os problemas atualmente enfrentados pelos Correios.
Como privatizar os Correios:
Authors: Loenert Francisco Martins
Published: August 2018

Partindo da premissa que o melhor destino aos Correios é a privatização, o artigo teve como objetivo não só buscar uma solução para melhorar o sistema  logístico, mas ao mesmo tempo colocá-lo no mais elevado nível mundial. Valendo-se da ascendente tecnologia do blockchain, e inspirados por projetos já existentes, desconstruímos o conceito de que necessariamente a empresa que coleta com o remetente será a mesma que entregará ao destinatário. Assim, o modelo proposto levou em consideração todas as características atuais, e buscou de forma viável definir um marco zero para o sistema logístico, oferecendo dinamismo e concorrência ao mercado.
Exploring the impact of non-chemical methods on the control of bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini Claparáde) and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
Authors: Rahimi Hassan , Nateq Golestan Mohammad , Kakhki Ali
Published: August 2018

The bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus robini) causes damage to a number of crop and ornamental plant species, including saffron (Crocus sativus). A split-plot experiment based on a randomised complete-block design was conducted between 2011 and 2015 to investigate the effects of solarisation using transparent plastic along with planting date and first irrigation on the population of bulb mite, yield of saffron, size of corms produced and extent of corm infection. Solarisation significantly decreased the mite population and increased the saffron yield (P<0.01). Increased yields were achieved by planting in June rather than in September. However, the use of irrigation immediately after planting in June increased the mite population and decreased saffron yields. A combination of solarisation in the first year and planting in June of the next year with no irrigation after planting resulted in a reduction of 94% in the population of the mites and a 3.48-fold increase in saffron yield. In Iran, saffron corms should be planted in June but not irrigated until September. If planting does occur in September then irrigation should be applied immediately after planting.
Lipid-based bio-fungicides for control of powdery mildew in cucurbits
Authors: Ah Chee Annette , George Maureen , Alavi Maryam , Wurms Kirstin
Published: August 2018

Powdery mildew (PM) infection of cucurbits is a major problem facing commercial New Zealand growers. Resistance to demethylation inhibitor fungicides is widespread so, there is a demand for new-generation bio-fungicides that can provide durable control alternatives in both conventional and organic systems. A wide range of milk products, plant and animal fats/oils, and natural plant elicitors were tested for their ability to control PM on squash and zucchini plants in a series of four glasshouse trials. The most promising product tested was anhydrous milk fat (AMF), in formulation with an emulsifier (Alanate 191â„¢ or PanodanÂ® AL10), an antioxidant (Grindox 122â„¢) and/or other products (Synertrol Horti oil). These treatments were as effective as commercial fungicides in controlling PM, but there were significant issues with plant health. Future work will focus on reducing concentrations of the active ingredient to produce an effective formulation that is not detrimental to plant health. Soybean oil, coconut fat and olive oil formulations with PanodanÂ® AL10 and Grindox 122â„¢ also gave effective PM control with minimal effect on plant health.
The effect of nitrogen source on in vitro growth of Neonectria ditissima (European canker)
Authors: Campbell Rebecca E. , Chevalier Charles E. , Touron Amandine , Walter Monika
Published: August 2018

Nitrogen fertilisers are widely used in apple orchards. However, the effects of various nitrogen sources on growth and sporulation of the fungus Neonectria ditissima, which causes European canker, are not fully understood. The effects of various nitrogen sources commonly used in apple orchards (potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, NitrophoskaÂ® and urea) on percent germination and germtube growth of N. ditissima conidia were tested in vitro. Nitrogen concentrations below 0.2 mol/L did not significantly affect percent conidial germination; however, concentrations above 0.2 mol/L significantly decreased germination. Germtube growth was also affected, generally decreasing with increased N. Percent germination was influenced by the N source, but germtube growth was not. Very low concentrations of urea were indicated to stimulate germtube growth. Higher concentrations, showed toxic effects on both germination and germtube growth. The presence of exogenous N from various sources did not affect initial germination and growth in the N. ditissima infection process of apple tissues.
Isolation, pathogenicity and storage of New Zealand Alternaria species from Malus x domestica
Authors: Horner Mary B.
Published: August 2018

The pathogenicity of Alternaria spp. on Malus Ã— domestica in New Zealand has not been investigated fully. Alternaria spp. were isolated from necrotic spots on leaves and fruit rots from various apple cultivars. Pathogenicity of 31 Alternaria spp. isolates was tested on excised ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Scifresh’ leaves (wounded and unwounded) by measuring lesion diameters. Viability of Alternaria spp. grown from infected leaf material was assessed to compare various storage conditions. Alternaria spp. were consistently isolated from the central brown area of leaf lesions but could not be isolated from outside the leading edge or from the purple region surrounding the lesion. All isolates produced lesions on wounded leaves. Most isolates showed some pathogenicity on at least one cultivar, with lesions on unwounded leaves. Lesions on leaf material caused by Alternaria spp. can be stored for at least 11 weeks by freeze-drying or air-drying leaf material and storing at 0.5˚C or room temperature. Some New Zealand Alternaria spp. isolates on Malus Ã— domestica are pathogenic on fruit and leaves. Further studies are needed to better understand the biology of this pathogen in New Zealand and determine a suitable control programme.
Biosecurity risks from stink bugs to New Zealand kiwifruit identified in Chinese language literature
Authors: Teulon David A.J. , Xu Bingqin
Published: August 2018

Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), native to Asia including China, is a major invasive horticultural and crop pest in North America and Europe, and now threatens the southern hemisphere. BMSB has not established in New Zealand although it is regularly intercepted at its borders. Relatively little is known about the impact of BMSB on kiwifruit, an important horticultural crop in New Zealand; at least in English language literature. Searches were conducted in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) platform using Chinese characters for BMSB (èŒ¶ç¿…è½) and kiwifruit (çŒ•çŒ´æ¡ƒ), and also in English, in international platforms. We identified 17 and eight publications, respectively, indicating that BMSB and yellow spotted stinkbug (YSSB) (éº»çš®è½ and é»„æ–‘è½) are major pests of kiwifruit in China. Little information on BMSB or YSSB and their pest status in kiwifruit was found in English language searches in international platforms. Searching Chinese databases with Chinese characters in combination with searches in international databases is necessary to ensure comprehensive coverage for biosecurity risk assessment.
Managed bumble bees are viable as pollinators in netted kiwifruit orchards
Authors: Cutting Brian T. , Evans Lisa J. , Paugam Ludivine I. , McBrydie Heather M. , Jesson Linley K. , Pomeroy Nelson , Janke Milena , Jacob Marine , Pattemore David E.
Published: August 2018

Protected cropping can increase orchard productivity; however, enclosed environments can be disruptive to pollinators. Bumble bees (Bombus terrestris) forage under covers, but industries lack guidelines for using them as pollinators. Here conservative stocking rates for bumble bees in covered kiwifruit orchards were identified using empirical manipulation of bee density and theoretical calculations based on bee behaviour. Bumble bee pollination at two bee densities (24 and 72 colonies/ha) was assessed within two fully netted sections (1/25 ha each) in a Gold3 kiwifruit orchard. Predictive modelling was used to estimate total bees required for pollination while actual pollination in the two blocks was measured directly. There was no difference in flower visitation rate between stocking densities but a 20% increase in seed set was found at high bee density. It was estimated that 90% of a Gold3 crop could be pollinated by 914 foraging bees/ha, or between 22 and 48 colonies/ha at the strengths used in this study. Bumble bees are effective pollinators in protected cropping environments and provide a viable tool for managed pollination under nets. A theoretical approach to refining stocking rates is a good option when manipulating pollinator densities is not possible.
Local adaptation in a New Zealand invader, Mimulus guttatus
Authors: Williamson Michelle E. , Hulme Philip E. , Condor David A. , Chapman Hazel M.
Published: August 2018

The New Zealand flora comprises proportionately more alien species than anywhere else on Earth. Many of these species are ‘sleeper’ species, currently not invasive but with the potential to become so. Understanding what traits lead to sleepers becoming invasive is a key question in invasion biology. One hypothesis is local adaptation — that is, selection pressures in an alien habitat select for certain genetic traits favouring species spread. In New Zealand, the semi-aquatic herb Mimulus gutattus, ‘monkey flower’, is already showing signs of becoming invasive and is widespread across the South Island, blocking waterways and ditches. A common garden experiment was used to test for local adaptation in 37 populations of monkey flower from 8 regions across the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Possible adaptations in plant physiology (including, fresh vs dry weight, flower size, and photosynthetic rate) were examined. Observable differences include significant differences in biomass and leaf morphology. Results to date indicate significant genetic differences among New Zealand monkey flower populations. This is indicative of invasive potential.
The Indonesian Constitutional Court and the Democratic Institutions in Judicial Review
Authors: Omara Andy
Published: August 2018

This paper focuses on the relationship between the Indonesian Constitutional Court, the legislature, and the executive in judicial review. It aims to explain the Court strategies in deciding judicial review cases related to the right to work in relation with the executive and the legislature. It appears that while constitutionally the Court is granted with a strong form of judicial review (as reflected in the finality of its decisions), it also employed other approaches in deciding cases related to the right to work. These approaches include the declaration of incompatibility, conditional decision, and the invalidation of a statute in its entirety. This paper argues that Katharine G. Young’s typology of judicial review is quite helpful as an interpretive tool to understand the Court approaches when it decided cases related the right to work. The use of various approaches by the Court affected the relationship between the Court, the executive, and the legislature. This is because the executive and the legislature are the implementing agencies of the Court rulings.
An Analysis of Subjectum Litis and Objectum Litis on Dispute about the Authority of State Institution from the Verdicts of the Constitutional Court
Authors: Triningsih Anna , Mardiya Nuzul Qur’aini
Published: August 2018

The relationship of mutual control and balance between state institutions gives an opportunity for the emergence of the dispute about the authority of state institutions, especially the dispute about the constitutional authority. In relation to a dispute about authority of state institutions given by the 1945 constitution, a judicial institution is used to resolve the dispute. That judicial institution is the Constitutional Court. The court can evaluate the subjectum litis and objectum litis from the dispute about the authority of state institutions. Therefore that matter will be resolved definitively by the verdict of the Constitutional Court where the verdict is permanent and binding, then later it will become a jurisprudence, and it will be used as a reference. There are eight verdicts of the Constitutional Court related to disputes about the authority of state institutions which are related to the subjectum litis and objectum litis, such as: The verdict of The Consitutional Court No.004/SKLN-IV/2006; the verdict of the Consitutional Court No.030/SKLN-IV/2006; the verdict of the Consitutional Court No. 26/SKLN-V/2007; the verdict of the Consitutional Court No. 27/SKLN-VI/2008; the verdict of the Consitutional Court No. 1/SKLN-VIII/2010; the verdict of the Consitutional Court No. 2/SKLN-IX/2011; the verdict of the Consitutional Court No. 5/SKLN-IX/2011; and the verdict of the Consitutional Court No. 2/SKLN-X/2012.
The Criticism on the Meaning of “Open Legal Policy” in Verdicts of Judicial Review at the Constitutional Court Mardian Wibowo
Authors: Wibowo Mardian , Nurjaya I Nyoman , Safaat Muchammad Ali
Published: August 2018

In several verdicts of judicial review, the Constitutional Court formulates a concept of Open Legal Policy. The concept begins from a condition when a norm of law submitted to judicial review by the 1945 Constitution does not have reference in the 1945 Constitution. In other words, the open legal policy is a condition when the Constitutional Court cannot find any reference for the norm submitted to the judicial review. By using a construction method, this present research tries to find the meaning of a concept of open legal policy arranged by the Constitutional Court, then assessing whether the concept is in line with the spirit of judicial review. If the formulation of the concept done by the Constitutional Court has not been ideal, the deconstruction will be conducted toward the meaning that already exists until the open legal policy ideal with the perspective of the constitution is found. In this research, the finding shows different meaning of open legal policy between various verdicts of the Constitutional Court. Moreover, a new meaning is proposed including improvement of criteria of the open legal policy based on the difference between the object of regulation (what) and the content of the regulation (how).
PENGARUH KONSELING KELOMPOK PENDEKATAN ANALISIS TRANSAKSIONAL TEKNIK ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP PENURUNAN BULLYING
Authors: Handayani Rizqi Puri , Noviandari Harwanti , (Prosiding Seminar Nasional FKIP Univeristas PGRI Banyuwangi
Published: August 2018

Bullying behavior is a potential violence in schools. The occurrence of bullying behavior from such ridiculous and derisive mockery will accumulate into physical conflict. Bullying has a negative impact on victims of bullying and can lead to undesirable behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of group counseling of transactional analysis approach with role playing technique to decrease bullying behavior on students of SMA Negeri Darussholah Singojuruh. The method used in this research is experimental design using control group design Pretest and Posttest design. The sample of the study were 15 students who had bullying behavior. Sampling technique using purposive sample. In this study data analysis using statistical data analysis (quantitative)
Keragaman Persepsi Stakeholders Terhadap Rencana Relokasi Pedagang Pasar Ngasem Di Kawasan Wisata Tamansari Yogyakarta
Authors: Sadali Mohammad Isnaini
Published: August 2018

Pasar Ngasem merupakan pasar tradisional di Kota Yogyakarta yang keberadaannya sudah dikenal masyarakat luas sebagai pasar hewan dengan keunikan dan koleksi satwa yang beragam. Adanya rencana relokasi pedagang Pasar Ngasem ini menimbulkan keragaman persepsi yang muncul dari berbagai stakeholders. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengetahui dan memetakan keragaman persepsi stakeholders terhadap rencana relokasi pedagang Pasar Ngasem, merumuskan konsep (konseptualisasi) berdasarkan pada persepsi stakeholders, serta merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan yang berbasis analisis/pemetaan stakeholders. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2007 sampai dengan Januari 2008 dengan metode indepth interview. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis data secara induktif yang menghendaki arah penyusunan konsep dibangun berdasarkan data. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keragaman persepsi muncul karena adanya perbedaan kepentingan dari tiap stakeholders dalam mengembangkan potensi wisata di kawasan Tamansari. Alasan penting yang mendasari keragaman persepsi stakeholders yaitu strategi pengembangan Tamansari sebagai fungsi pariwisata dan strategi pengembangan Pasar Ngasem sebagai fungsi perdagangan maupun pariwisata. Konsep-konsep yang merupakan abstraksi dari keragaman persepsi stakeholders terhadap rencana relokasi pedagang Pasar Ngasem adalah: (1) Konsep Kepedulian terhadap Pasar Ngasem, (2) Konsep Penghargaan terhadap Sejarah dan Budaya, (3) Konsep Potensi Pasar Ngasem, (4) Konsep Keberlangsungan Rencana Relokasi dan (5) Konsep Ekspresi terhadap Rencana Relokasi. Rekomendasi yang diusulkan penulis adalah perlunya keseimbangan antara pengelolaan Pasar Ngasem dengan kelestarian nilai sejarah dan budaya; persamaan persepsi antara stakeholders; strategi pengembangan potensi Tamansari dan strategi pengembangan potensi Pasar Ngasem yang berkesinambungan; dan adanya wadah aspirasi dari masyarakat (implementasi prioritas pembangunan yang berbasis stakeholders).
United we fall: All-or-none forgetting of complex episodic events
Authors: Joensen Bardur Hofgaard , Gaskell M. Gareth , Horner Aidan J
Published: August 2018

Do complex event representations fragment over time or are they, instead, forgotten in an all-or-none manner? For example, if we met a friend in a café and they gave us a present, do we forget the constituent elements of this event (location, person and object) independently, or would the whole event be forgotten as one? Research suggests that item-based memories are forgotten in a fragmented manner. However, we do not know how more complex episodic, ‘event-based’ memories are forgotten. We assessed both retrieval accuracy and dependency – the statistical association between the retrieval successes of different elements from the same event – for complex events. Across 4 experiments, we show that retrieval dependency is found both immediately after learning and following a 12-hour and 1-week delay. Further, the amount of retrieval dependency after a delay is greater than that predicted by a model of independent forgetting. This dependency was only seen for coherent ‘closed-loops’, where all pairwise associations between locations, people and objects were encoded. When ‘open-loops’ were learnt, where only two out of the three possible associations were encoded, no dependency was seen immediately after learning nor after a delay. Finally, we also provide evidence for higher retention rates for closed-loops than open-loops. Therefore, closed-loops do not fragment as a function of forgetting, and are retained for longer than open-loops. Our findings suggest that coherent episodic events are not only retrieved, but also forgotten, in an all-or-none manner.
Cultural evolution of music
Authors: Savage Patrick E.
Published: August 2018

The concept of cultural evolution was fundamental to the foundation of academic musicology and the subfield of comparative musicology, but largely disappeared from discussion after World War II, despite a recent resurgence of interest in cultural evolution in other fields. In this article, I draw on recent advances in the scientific understanding of cultural evolution to clarify persistent misconceptions about the roles of genes and progress in musical evolution and review literature relevant to musical evolution ranging from macroevolution of global song-style to microevolution of tune families. I also address criticisms regarding issues of musical agency, meaning, and reductionism, and highlight potential applications including music copyright, education, and sustainability. While cultural evolution will never explain all aspects of music in culture, it offers a useful theoretical framework for understanding diversity and change in the world’s music.
Preparation of Al2O3 thin films by magnetron sputtering system and study their optical and structural properties
Authors: A. Khadyair Abdulhussain , A. Zije Basim
Published: August 2018

In this research we prepared (Al2O3) films on substrate of glass by using plasma magnetron sputtering technique. We studied the structural and optical properties for the prepared films with different  thicknesses. The results of  XRD showed that the thin films  had a polycrystalline structure with Rhombohedra (Trigonal)lattice unit cell. Surface morphology and the roughness of the prepared films were  diagnostic by atomic force microscope (AFM).  Where the results showed that the roughness increased from (11-24.4)nm with increasing thickness from(60-308)nm. optical properties of the prepared films with in(300-1100)nm showed that the absorption of the films decreased with increases of wavelength for all thicknesses, and transmittance of the films increased with increases of wavelength for all thicknesses. The results of optical measurement showed that the optical energy gap for the prepared films increased from (3.65-3.95)eV with increases thickness from (60-308)nm
Measuring Radiological Parameters in Some Samples of Local and Imported Paints Buildingsin Najaf, Iraq
Authors: Hamead Alasadi Allawi
Published: August 2018

Exposure of the natural radioactivity available in soil and construction materials around the world occupies great concern because of the health risks associated with it. In this work, samples were collected from various markets in Najaf city, Iraq .The measurements of the paints samples have been carried out using gamma ray spectroscopy NaI(Tl) with that (“3×3”). The average value of specific activities were for238U, 232Th and 40K in different types of paints and dyes were 44.19±4.73Bq/Kg, 30.17±3.64 Bq/Kg and 478.84±10.34 Bq/Kg respectively. It is show that, the average value in samples under study were higher than the corresponding global values documented in (UNSCEAR2000) publications. All radiological parameters (Activity of Radium equivalentRaeq and out annual effective dose AEDout)were lower than the permissible limits except absorbed dose rate were higher than worldwide average (UNSCEAR, 2000).
A Power Paradox: Growth of the Hydro Sector in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Ratna Sansar , Biggs Stephen , Justice Scott , Gurung Amanda Manandhar
Published: August 2018

Nepal has tremendous hydropower potential yet paradoxically experiences, until recently, loadshedding of up to 18 hours daily in the dry season and has not achieved self-reliant energy security. This paper analyses this paradox by reviewing the growth of hydroelectricity sector in Nepal. It identifies four phases; the illustration of technical capacity, industrial training and early investments, major policy challenges and paradigm shift and maturing hydropower sector. The spread of improved water mills as well as hydro installations is also reviewed briefly. The paper argues that Nepal will meet much of its projected national demand very soon (2018/19) but attaining self-reliant energy security after displacing fossil fuel is not in the horizon yet. While substantial hydro investments are in the pipeline; a strong, diverse hydro-mechanical manufacturing industry is established. But the electro-mechanical industry is non-existent. Policies have attracted substantial private investment in hydropower sector, but it is not geared towards the use of electricity for overall economic development of Nepal and has yet to streamline policy with respect to lean season augmented flow of water for drinking and irrigation purposes within and outside Nepal. A more fundamental paradox is that Nepal government has yet to acknowledge these anomalies that hinder sustainable economic developments.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue: 23Year: 2018
Water Resources Development in Nepal: Myths and Realities
Authors: Upadhyay Surya Nath , Gaudel Prakash
Published: August 2018

Despite the ‘immense’ water resources available, Nepal has not been able to transform this abundance of water resources into desired economic growth and societal welfare. This paper attempts to analyze the reasons for such incessant challenges that loom over water resources development in Nepal. This paper finds that it is not the resource that limits the development of water resources, but the approaches and wishes that are framed on the foundation of persistent myths. Analyzing those myths, this paper highlights the realities in water resources management of Nepal, and suggests that without dismantling the existing myths, the sustainable development of water resources seems limited.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue: 23Year: 2018
A GIS Approach for Rapid Identification of Run-of-River (RoR) Hydropower Potential Site in Watershed: A case study of Bhote Koshi Watershed, Nepal
Authors: Kayastha Nagendra , Singh Umesh , Dulal Krishna Prasad
Published: August 2018

A new Geographical Information System (GIS) approach is proposed to assess primary potential hydropower site, explicitly identifying highly possible hydropower locations spatially, over a large area in a short time. The results from this approach were validated with an existing hydropower site in the Bhote Koshi catchment in Nepal. Altogether 885 number of searches made along the river streams each covered a circular area of radius 10 km, with distance between headwork and power houses of 500 m intervals, thus, identified 297 highly potential sites out of total 2655 during evaluation. The results indicate that, 52 sub-catchments have potential areas and seven specific hydropower locations overlapped with existing hydropower projects. This approach is suitable for initial screening only and the produced results significantly facilitate further in-depth feasibility study to engineering and economic analysis for hydropower potential of the basin. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue: 23Year: 2018
An Assessment of Resource Recovery Potential and Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Jeetpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Yubraj , Adhikari Bikash
Published: August 2018

Globally, rapid population growth, unmanaged urbanization, and increased income level have brought significant changes in quantity and composition of solid waste generation. In developing countries, solid waste disposal in open dump sites is widely practised as an easy and economical method of waste disposal. The increased quantity and composition of solid waste has posed a serious threat to public health and environment in developing countries. Hence, alternative waste disposal methods such as composting, recycling etc. can be potential options for sustainable solid waste management. Such methods will also reduce the waste volume prior to reaching the landfill and will increase the landfill’s life. This paper aims to calculate the recovery value from Municipal Solid Waste (i.e. composting, biogas, paper, and plastic) in Jeetpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan City (JSSMC) in Nepal, and to calculate the area required for landfilling and dumping of biodegradable and residual solid waste respectively. Due to high biodegradable content (8,400 kg/day), the recovery values from compost and biogas generation are studied. Optimum distribution of biodegradable solid waste among these two options is also evaluated. A combination of 6.4 tons/day for composting and 2 tons/day for landfilling with a net recovery of NRs. 29,064 per day is calculated. The recovery values from plastic and paper are calculated at NRs. 11,088 and NRs. 15,048 respectively. Hence, a total recovery value of NRs. 201.48 lakhs per year is suggested. This revenue is excluding the construction and operation cost required for the establishment of compost plant and landfill biogas collection system. The area required to landfill 2 tons/day of degradable waste is 0.876 hectares and 4.06 hectares to dump residual solid waste for a design period of 15 years. In case, biogas is not extracted, a total of 4.936 hectares’ land is required for dumping the entire MSW generated from JSSMC. The revenue calculated reduces to NRs. 47,640 per day or NRs. 173.88 lakhs per year.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue: 23Year: 2018
Salut As A Gate For The Coming Of Islam In Lombok: Archaeological Analysis Of The Ancient Mosque In North Lombok
Authors: Jamaludin Jamaludin
Published: August 2018

Salut is an old village that became the entrance of Islam in Lombok island. This is known from the historical evidence found in the village. Some of the ancient historical dwellings in Salut are ancient mosques with 17th century architectural styles and tombs of Islamic spreaders, which assert that Salut is the first region to accept Islam in Lombok Island. Based on the information from Babad Lombok, Salut is the first visited village by Islamic spreaders from Java through the Carik harbour. The existence of the ancient mosque and the old tomb as a historical relic is a proof of the success of Islam in North Lombok in the past. This article will discuss about the heritage of Islam as the initial evidence of the entry of Islam in Lombok. The entry evidences of Islam in Salut is in the form of archaeological heritage, so the approach used in this study is historical archaeological approach. Historical archeology tries to give the explanation of these remnants, using other social sciences as auxiliary science. There are three things to be studied in this article, first, reveal the archaeological remains of Islam in Salut Lombok Utara; second, reveal the growth and development of Islam in North Lombok and it’s relation with other areas in Lombok.

Keywords: History, Islamization, Archeology, Ancient Mosque, Tombs.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESADAHAN AIR TANAH DI LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH GORONTALO
Authors: Kilo Jafar La
Published: August 2018

The main need of clean water on Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo (UMGo) especially for bathing, washing and toileting from the groundwater. To utilizing groundwater must to heed water quality. Water quality determined by physical, chemical, and biology parameters. One of this parameters is hardness. Water with very high degrees of hardness is harmful to environment and health. Analysis of hard water degrees from groundwater on Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo area with complexometric titration method has been done. The result shows that degrees of hard water in Yusuf Polapa Mosque, Faculty of agriculture, rectorat, and AMCF building respectively 59,0 mg/L; 74,2 mg/L; 74,0 mg/L dan 57,8 mg/L. This result categorize as soft water. The degrees of hardness in canteen is 81,8 mg/L or moderate water. Therefore, groundwater in Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo area is safe for daily and industry need.

Kebutuhan air bersih di lingkungan Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo (UMGo) khususnya mandi, cuci dan kakus (MCK) bersumber dari air tanah. Dalam pemanfaatan air tanah perlu diperhatikan parameter kualitas air. Kualitas air yang baik ditentukan oleh parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi. Salah satu parameter tersebut adalah tingkat kesadahan. Air tanah yang mengandung tingkat kesadahan yang tinggi dapat berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan. Telah dilakukan analisis tingkat kesadahan air tanah pada 5 (lima) titik di lingkungan Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo dengan metode titrasi kompleksometri. Berdasarkan hasil analisa, tingkat kesadahan air tanah di Masjid Yusuf Polapa, gedung Fakultas pertanian, gedung rektorat dan gedung AMCF masing-masing adalah 59,0 mg/L; 74,2 mg/L; 74,0 mg/L dan 57,8 mg/L, masuk dalam kategori dengan tingkat kesadahan rendah. Tingkat kesadahan air tanah di sekitar kantin dalam kategori sedang yaitu sebesar 81,8 mg/L. Dengan demikian, air tanah di lingkungan kampus Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo aman digunakan untuk keperluan sehari-hari dan keperluan industri.
Sloboda indiferentnosti Ockhamov pojam slobode i iz njega proizlazeći moralni sustav prema Servaisu Pinckaersu
Authors: Milikić Tadija
Published: August 2018

The article strives to contribute to our grasp of Ockham’s concept of free will, notably from the perspective of the Belgian moral theologian Servais Pinckaers and his historical research in the field of Catholic morality. The first section of the article gives a brief insight into the historical context of Ockham’s moral–theological thought, while the remaining two sections which comprise the central part of the article, highlight the dismantling of the classic and the construction of a new moral system. Explained therein is the way in which Ockham’s voluntaristic concept of free will enables us to grasp moral obligation as the core and most crucial of moral issues, which determines the very essence of morality, and provides us with an understanding of moral reality in its entirety, that is, as a whole and also in its integral elements.
Kritika „kulta zdravlja“ iz hermeneutičko–etičkog motrišta
Authors: Tićac Iris
Published: August 2018

Fenomenu zdravlja pristupa se iz dva nadopunjujuća motrišta: hermeneutičkog i etičkog, i to u dva koraka. U prvom, hermeneutička promišljanja slijede ideje i inspiracije Hans–Georg Gadamera kako su izložene u njegovu djelu O skrivenosti zdravlja, zbirci tekstova koja sadržava predavanja i članke u kojima se Gadamer posvećuje pitanju zdravlja, te Klaus Dörnera, renomeniranog njemačkog socijalnog psihijatra koji preuzima Gadamerov govor o „skrivenosti zdravlja“, te ga dalje razvija i pokazuje kakvo je njegovo značenje u kliničkoj praksi. U drugom koraku, promišljaju se konsekvencije koje odatle proizlaze za politiku prevencije bolesti i promicanja zdravlja. Kritika se ne usmjerava na razboritu, nego „pretjeranu brigu“ oko zdravlja, koja često postaje „kult zdravlja“.
INSTITUTIONAL GLOBALIZATION AND POSTMODERNIZATION OF ECONOMY IN SYSTEM DINAMICS OF TRANSITIVE TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: Zinchenko V.V.
Published: August 2018

It is analyzed trends in the global system and the institutionalization of post-modernization processes in the context of global development, their levels and forms. The influence of globalization trends in the transformation of transitive systems is investigated. For civilization cardinal feature is the treatment of the person as the subject of history. Hence the need for the development of civilization to increase the degree of subjectivity in an economy where people can Express themselves freely and responsibly through a system of private property relations: economic entity is the subject of property. Policy enhancing the role of human rights and the development of the principle of subjectivity means deepening the democratic foundations of the state structure. In the social sphere of subjectivity is expressed in the individualization of the social existence of man and the personification of public relations and is implemented through the mechanisms of liberal institutions. It seems to us that the civilizational unity of the economy, democratic state and liberal society has now the value of a scientific paradigm. Whatever great cultural peaks of the postmodern, the main processes of a new society formed at its foot: in the area of formation of public consciousness and public preferences with the mass participation of the individual in the economy (involving the mass of the individual in social production on the level of financial relations, which allow the maximum extent possible to include in the economy of free choice), in the field of state-building and the formation of social institutions on the principles of Amateur participation.
Kontribusi Tarekat Naqsabandiyah Terhadap Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Perubahan Perilaku Sosial Jamaah (Studi Kasus Jamaah Tarekat Naqsabandiyah Di Dukuh Tompe, Kabupaten Boyolali)
Authors: Abdullah Luqman
Published: August 2018

Luqman Abdullah, The Contribution of Tarekat Naqsabandiyah to Islamic Education and Social Behavior Change. Yogyakarta: Islamic Teaching Department ofTarbiya and Teaching Faculty UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.. This study aims to determine the implementation of the Tarekat Naqsabandiyah in Islamic religious education as well as the contribution of the Tarekat Naqsabandiyah towards Islamic Religious Education and changes in the social behavior of the congregation. The results showed: (1) The form of the Tarekat Naqsabandiyah Education in Tompe Hamlet is applicative yiatu gives a larger portion of the application of education from theoretical education. Coaching is done with Taubat, Suluk, Zuhud and Tawakkal. In addition, in the tarekat education using the approach of remembrance, be it sirr or jahr dhikr. (2) contribution of the Tarekat Naqsabandiyah to Islamic education is: to increase the knowledge of Islam. increase faith in God. , increased charity sholeh. contribution of the Tarekat Naqsabandiyah to social behavior change is: changing anxiety to calm. change the attitude of being rude to be merciful, changing the attitude of dissidents become obedient. change the attitude of shutting open.
Effects of Vitamin E on Transfusion Requirements in TransfusionDependent Beta-Thalassemia Patients
Authors: Trangsuwan Duangdee , Wongchanchailert Malai , Mo-suwan Ladda , Chotsampancharoen Thirachit , Kalpravidh Ruchaneekorn W. , Apiromruck Penjamaporn , Chu-ngan Thanom , Khotchawan Sudarat , Duangchu Sarapee
Published: August 2018

Objective: To evaluate the volume of blood transfusion requirements as well as hemolytic and oxidative biochemical variables in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients supplemented with vitamin E.Material and Methods: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study was undertaken between December, 2012 and September, 2014 in the Pediatric Clinic of Songklanagarind Hospital. The participants were β-thalassemia major and Hb E/β-thalassemia patients aged between 5 and 18 years. A random allocation sequence was generated to receiving either 6 months of vitamin E or placebo followed by a 3-month washout period and then switching to another drug for 6 months. The outcome variable measurements were the volumes of the transfused packed red cells, and the hemolytic and oxidative biochemical variables.Results: Thirty-nine patients were enrolled into the study. All of them had significantly low levels of vitamin E and reduced glutathione levels, as well as high levels of oxidative stress shown by significantly high levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. The vitamin E levels became normal after the 6-month period of 200-400 milligram per day of oral vitamin E intake. All of the measured oxidative stress parameters did not improve except for the glutathione peroxidase level. Moreover, there was no difference in the volumes of transfused packed red cell requirements as well as hemolytic parameters like aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, reticulocyte count and total bilirubin levels. Finally, no adverse reactions to oral vitamin E were found.Conclusion: Vitamin E supplementation normalized the vitamin E level and possibly partially reduced oxidative stress, but there was no difference in the volume of transfusion requirements or the hemolytic parameters in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients.
Sorption rerecovery and concentration of rare-earth metals from extraction phosphoric acid. Review
Authors:   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC, Lokhova N.G. ,   Satbayev University, Naimanbaev M.A. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Baltabekova Zh.A. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University, Kasymzhanov K.K. ,   “Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation” JSC; Satbayev University
Published: August 2018

The review covers the methods for sorption recovery and concentration of rare-earth metals (REM) from solutions of extraction phosphoric acid (EPA). Sorption extraction of the REM seems most appropriate at the stage of primary concentration, but a significant amount of iron (III) and calcium as the most interfering impurities are the problem, both at the stage of sorption and at the stage of desorption. The results of studies on the sorption of trivalent ions of cerium, lanthanum and iron on sulfonic cation-exchange resin KU-2-8 and macroporous weakly acidic cation exchange Cybber CRX 300, are presented. It is established that the cation exchanger Cybber CRX 300 by exchange capacity for lanthanum and cerium and kinetic properties is inferior somewhat to sulfonic cation-exchange resin KU-2-8 at sorption from acidic solutions, but can be used to concentrate and separate the REM from iron. The review presents data of the pilot trials of the technology for extracting rare-earth metals from dihydrate extraction phosphoric acid (45 % P2O5) produced by «PhosAgro-Cherepovets» JSC (RU). The results of tests of sorbents TP260, Purolite S957 (Monophos), sulfonic cation-exchange resin РРС 160 and sorbent АА03 at sorption: from sulphate solution after decomposition of phosphate raw materials; from a solution of hydrolysis sulfuric acid after precipitation of titanium dioxide; from sulfuric acid solutions after sorption of uranium are presented. The distribution of rare-earth metals during their sorption by KU-2 sulfonic cation-exchange resin from solutions of phosphoric acid, as follows: dihydrate EPA partially evaporated 43.69 wt. % P2O5, «Balakovo Mineral Fertilizers» JSC; dihydrate EPA, without evaporation 26.09 wt. % P2O5, OJSC «Ammofos»; dihydrate EPA, evaporated 52.54 wt. % P2O5, «Ammofos» OJSC, was studied. The distribution coefficients of individual lanthanides are obtained. The analysis of literature data has shown that the choice of sorbent is the most difficult task when developing the technology for sorption extraction of REM from multicomponent solutions.