bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Return to the New Normal: Empirical Analysis of Changes in E-consumer Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pollák František , Markovič Peter , Vavrek Roman , Konečný Michal
Published: December 2021

The global pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has largely changed established business practices. The aim of the study is to present the results of eighteen-month intensive research into the effects of the pandemic on e-consumer behavior. In one of the most active e-commerce markets in Europe, the Czech Republic, we analyzed a sample of more than one and a half million Facebook users in terms of their C2B interactions on the B2C activities of the five major e-commerce market players. The measurements were carried out in three periods, which corresponded to the onset of the first wave, peak, and fading of the second wave of the pandemic. This enabled us to monitor the effect of seasonality and the stabilization of patterns of consumer behavior during the coronavirus crisis. The results suggest that a specific panic pattern of e-consumer behavior was developed at the time of the onset of the pandemic. However, as the pandemic progressed, the market has adapted to a new normal, which, as evidenced by the change in trends, appears to be a combination of the pre-pandemic and pandemic behavioral patterns. Using a statistical analysis, it was possible to identify delta of changes within the patterns of consumer behavior, thus fulfilling the final condition for creating an empirical model of the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on e-consumer behavior presented in this study.
Metabolic Response to Daytime Dry Fasting in Bahá’í Volunteers
Authors: Mähler Anja , Jahn Carmen , Klug Lars , Klatte Caroline , Michalsen Andreas , Koppold-Liebscher Daniela , Boschmann Michael
Published: December 2021

Each year in March, adherents of the Bahá’í faith abstain from eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset for 19 days. Thus, Bahá’í fasting (BF) can be considered as a form of daytime dry fasting. We tested if BF decreases energy expenditure after a meal and improves anthropometric measures, and systemic and tissue-level metabolic parameters. This was a self-controlled cohort study with 11 healthy men. We measured anthropometric parameters, metabolic markers in venous blood, and pre- and postprandial energy metabolism at systemic (indirect calorimetry) and tissue (adipose tissue and skeletal muscle microdialysis) level, both before and during BF. During BF, we found reduced body weight, body mass index, body fat and blood glucose. Postprandial increase in energy expenditure was lower, diet-induced thermogenesis tended to be lower. In adipose tissue, perfusion, glucose supply and lipolysis were increased. In skeletal muscle, tissue perfusion did not change. Glucose supply and lipolysis were decreased. Glucose oxidation was increased, indicating an improved insulin sensitivity. BF may be a promising approach to losing weight and improving metabolism and health. However, outside the context of religiously-motivated fasting, skipping a meal rather in the evening (dinner cancelling) might be recommended, as metabolism appears to be reduced in the evening.
Light Transport Simulation and Realistic Rendering: State of the Art Report
Authors: Frolov Vladimir Alexandrovich , Voloboy Alexey Gennadievich , Ershov Sergey Valentinovich , Galaktionov Vladimir Alexandrovich
Published: December 2021

The field of light transport simulation quickly growths in last decades. Nowadays there are about hundreds of books and papers that are quite difficult to cover for applied researcher or developer. Unlike similar surveys, in this paper we make attempt to provide short roadmap to select the best method for some light transport problem based on scene and calculated phenomena constraints. In our paper we propose several classifications for light transport simulation algorithms based on their mathematical properties, robustness and required scene constraints. These classifications help to understand advantages, disadvantages and limitations of the methods. In this paper we use not only a survey of existing works but also our own experience with the methods that we have implemented over the last decade in different software products. Some results of our experiments are shown in the paper. Finally, we propose a short guide for method selection in form of block scheme.
Conservative Out-of-Core Rendering of Large Dynamic Scenes Using HDLODs
Authors: Semenov Vitaly , Shutkin Vasily , Zolotov Vladislav
Published: December 2021

Rendering of large scenes in external memory is one of the most important problems of computer graphics, which is used in such areas as CAD/CAM/CAE, geoinformatics, project management, scientific visualization, virtual and augmented reality, computer games and animation. Unlike static scenes, for which a number of effective approaches have been proposed, in particular, levels of detail (LOD), rendering of large dynamic scenes with a given level of the tolerance and trustworthiness remains a big challenge. This paper discusses and investigates the possibility of using the previously proposed method of hierarchical dynamic levels of detail (HDLOD) for conservative rendering of dynamic scenes with a deterministic nature of events in external memory. The carried out series of computational experiments prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the method for real industrial scenes when employed in combination with memory management techniques.
Data Conversion Model Using the Principles of Geometric Model Structure Proximity Comparison
Authors: Boytyakov Alexey , Filinskikh Alexandr
Published: December 2021

Research has been carried out into possible data conversion losses and the integration of heterogeneous automated systems in enterprises. A model of data conversion in the framework of heterogeneous automated systems interaction on the example of geometrical model structures comparison of heterogeneous automated systems is proposed. The model can be used for loss estimation using the representation of geometric models as data structures and conversion metrics. The article deals with the problem at the current stage of information support for lifecycles processes is the lack of integration of multi-vendor automation systems in enterprises. Losses in one stage of the lifecycle can lead to technical and economic difficulties in other stages of the lifecycle and problems can also be encountered when integrating automation systems and data conversion between enterprises. There is a need to develop an advanced parameter conversion model and compare the proximity of GM structures between automation systems. It is required to evaluate the efficiency of data conversion between environments using different formats using metrics.
Choice of Neural Network Architecture when Recognizing Objects that do not Have High-Level Features
Authors: Malyshev Gregory , Andreev Vyacheslav , Andreeva Olga , Chistyakov Oleg , Sveshnikov Dmitriy
Published: December 2021

This article explores the capabilities of pretrained convolutional neural networks in relation to the problem of recognizing defects for which it is impossible to identify any abstract features. The results of training the convolutional neural network AlexNet and the fully connected classifier of the VGG16 network are compared. The efficiency of using a pretrained neural network in the problem of defect recognition is demonstrated. A graph of the change in the proportion of correctly recognized images in the process of training a fully connected classifier is presented. The article attempts to explain the efficiency of a fully connected neural network classifier trained on a critically small training dataset with images of defects. The work of a convolutional neural network with a fully connected classifier is investigated. The classifier allows for classification into five categories: «crack» type defects, «chip» type defects, «hole» type defects, «multi hole» type defects and «defect-free surface». The article provides examples of convolutional network activation channels, visualized for each of the five categories. The signs of defects on which the activation of the network channels takes place are formulated. The classification errors made by the network are analyzed. The article provides predictive probabilities, below which the result of the network operation can be considered doubtful. Practical recommendations for using the trained network are given.
Evaluating the Interface Using Expert-heuristic Method
Authors: Khaleeva Ulyana
Published: December 2021

The research aims to form a new method for evaluating interfaces, ensuring its multi-criteria nature and eliminating the shortcomings of previous methods. A combination of expert and heuristic approach is proposed, to detect a wide range of UI/UX problems, to ensure assessment competence and to reduce the level of distrust of the expert. In the first experiment, two groups of interfaces with different characteristics were evaluated, with two interfaces in each group. Fifteen heuristics were evaluated: ten general purpose criteria and five specialized criteria. Thirteen experts were involved, for whom weighting coefficients were previously calculated, taking into account their professional competencies and personal qualities influencing the reasonableness of the evaluation. After analyzing the results of the first experiment, it was decided to investigate the influence of the number of experts in the sample on the overall UI score. Therefore, for the second experiment, the optimal number of experts in the group was calculated to ensure the lowest score variance. Applications were evaluated in five groups (the number of heuristics did not change). Also, in each experiment, the outlier weights of the experts were calculated to ensure consistency of the opinions of the sample group members. In the conclusion, an analysis of the feasibility of applying the new method to mobile interfaces was performed. Conclusions on the suitability of the chosen mathematical apparatus and further ways of development of the method have been made.
Research of Immersion in Virtual Reality Technology for the Stage of Information Systems Design
Authors: Dudakov Nicolay
Published: December 2021

Virtual reality technology (VR) is a comprehensive technology that allows you to immerse a person in an immersive virtual world using specialized devices (virtual reality helmets). Virtual reality provides a complete immersion in the computer environment surrounding the user and responding to his actions in a natural way, manipulating objects and programmable events in the virtual environment. Virtual reality constructs a new artificial world transmitted to man through his sensations: vision, hearing, touch and others. A person can interact with a 3D, computerized environment, as well as manipulate objects or perform specific tasks by gaining user experience. Virtual reality is an evolving technology for the transfer of user experience (User Experiment: UI) from person to person. Currently, at the stage of information systems design, the use of induced virtual environment technology in dynamic interaction systems leads to the need to analyze the effectiveness of visual perception and transfer to the human neocortex. Visual perception represents a fundamental scientific task and is studied in many areas of science: neurophysiology, psychophysics, psychology, computer graphics and virtual environment, computer vision, computer science theory.
Comparison of the Results of Modeling a Dispersed Medium by Wave and Ray Methods
Authors: Pozdnyakov Sergey Georgievich , Ershov Sergey Valentinovich , Deryabin Nikolay Borisovich , Voloboy Alexey Gennadievich
Published: December 2021

A large number of works on dispersed medium modeling use either pure ray optics or light transport equation in which propagation of light obeys geometric optics while scattering properties of the medium can be either calculated with wave optics or measured. In either case the distance between individual particles must be much greater than wavelength. At the same time current computer power allows to simulate paint layer with wave optics. We decided to compare paint simulation done by the scalar wave approach and by ray tracing with individual particles. One of the goals of this work is to verify the correctness of ray tracing results for various sizes of metal flakes used often in production of metallic or pearlescent paints. Ray tracing had been done in two variants. One assumes the flakes have perfectly mirror reflection, while in the other variant the reflection is slightly diffuse with the angular distribution taken from the Fraunhofer diffraction on thin disk. For not too large flakes results of these two approaches substantially differ. The second “hybrid” method is considerably closer to the wave optics results.
Towards Hardware OpenGL Support in Cloud Computing
Authors: Denisov Evgeny Yurievich , Kalugina Irina Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2021

Modern realistic computer graphics applications, such as physically accurate lighting simulation systems, require a lot of computer power for images generation. Usage of the resources of cloud computing platforms for such calculations allows to avoid additional expenses for purchase and maintenance of own computer farms. However often such simulation systems use OpenGL for 3D images display, for example during scene preparation and modification. Since cloud-based virtual machines had only software (that is, slow) OpenGL display support, it was not convenient for the users to work with their habitual computer graphics applications in such environments, and typical workflow was to prepare all data on local computer and then execute simulation in the cloud service (usually using distributed processing). Recently several cloud computer service providers started to suggest users the option of hardware (GPU-based) OpenGL support in their cloud virtual machines. This article is devoted to the investigation of hardware OpenGL display options, suggested by various providers of cloud computing services, and their comparison. Available types of hardware GPU were checked and compared, along with the conditions for their usage.
Applying Objective Quality Metrics to Video-Codec Comparisons: Choosing the Best Metric for Subjective Quality Estimation
Authors: Antsiferova Anastasia , Yakovenko Alexander , Safonov Nickolay , Kulikov Dmitriy , Gushin Alexander , Vatolin Dmitriy
Published: December 2021

Quality assessment is essential to creating and comparing video compression algorithms. Despite the development of many new quality-assessment methods, well-known and generally accepted codecs comparisons mainly employ classical methods such as PSNR, SSIM, and VMAF. These methods have different variations: temporal pooling techniques, color-component summations and versions. In this paper, we present comparison results for generally accepted video-quality metrics to determine which ones are most relevant to video codecs comparisons. For evaluation we used videos compressed by codecs of different standards at three bitrates, and subjective scores were collected for these videos. Evaluation dataset consists of 789 encoded streams and 320294 subjective scores. VMAF calculated for all Y, U, V color spaced showed the best correlation with subjective quality, and we also showed that the usage of smaller weighting coefficients for U and V components leads to a better correlation with subjective quality.
Visualization of Dataflows: a Casestudy of COVID-19 Rumors
Authors: Ulizko Mikhail , Tretyakov Evheniy , Tukumbetova Rufina , Artamonov Alexey , Esaulov Mikhail
Published: December 2021

One of the most significant and rapidly developing works in the field of data analysis is information flow management. Within the analysis targeted and stochastic dissemination patterns are studied. The solving of such problems is relevant due to the global growth in the amount of information and its availability for a wide range of users. The paper presents a study of dissemination of information messages in open networks on the example of COVID-19. The study was conducted with the use of visual analytics. Informational messages from the largest world and Russian information services, social networks and instant messengers were used as sources of information. Due to the large amount of information on the topic, the authors proposed a pattern of the wave-like dissemination of information on the example of topic clusters on the connection of COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine and 5G. The developed methods can be scaled up to analyze information events of various topics.
Semiotic Assessment of Visualization Tools
Authors: Zakharova Alena , Shklyar Aleksey , Vekhter Evgeniya
Published: December 2021

Semiotic Assessment of Visualization Tools Alena Zakharova 1, Aleksey Shklyar 2 and Evgeniya Vekhter 2 1 Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, 65, Profsoyuznaya st., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation 2 Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Ave., Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation Abstract A visual analytics means is a set of tools used to obtain a visual representation of the data explored by the user, its interpretation and complete analysis. It is quite possible that such a set will be a developed specialized environment for continuous user interaction with a data stream, which has the capacity to control and replace the way of visual data representation. A wide range of existing visualization tools, as well as unlimited borrowing of technological solutions originally intended for a narrow application area, and the transfer of the capabilities they create to other directions make it urgent to form a sound approach to the comparison and selection of means of data visual representation of a given complexity [1]. The purpose of this selection is to save the end user’s resources, based on the absence or minimization of resource losses arising at the stage of selection and testing of visual analytics tools. The paper shows the possibility of using a semiotic visualization model for purposeful design or selection of visualization tools.
Constructing 3D Scenes of Scientific Visualization Using CinemaScience Format
Authors: Vasev Pavel , Porshnev Sergey , Forghani Majid , Manakov Dmitry , Bakhterev Mikhail , Starodubtsev Ilya
Published: December 2021

Abstract To visualize any new entity, a visualization should be designed and programmed. Investigating approaches for programming new scientific visualizations, we come to the following idea: utilize CinemaScience format to describe 3D scenes. CinemaScience is developed for storing and visualizing supercomputer and physical modelling results, and differs with simplicity both for human and machine. It has a set of interesting features, for example it allows to specify dynamics in views dependent on parameters. However its current known applications are of 2D graphics, and in this paper we extend it for 3D. It’s main idea is to treat Cinema artifacts as visual objects of explicit type. We successfully used the suggested approach in various visualization tasks, examples are presented in the paper. We developed the open-source web application that implements the suggested approach.
Visualization of Non-Isothermal Liquids Mixing Processes Under the Influence of External Forces
Authors: Sataev Alexandr , Andreev Vyacheslav
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a visualization of the mixing processes of non-isothermal flows in the model of a ship's nuclear power plant under static and dynamic modes. The values obtained at the experimental stand served as the database for visualization. It is a four-loop model of the flow part of a ship's nuclear power plant. To create a dynamic mode (oscillations in one plane), the model is placed on a swinging platform. This paper shows the processes occurring during periodic pitching with a period of 4 seconds and amplitude of 15 degrees. The descending annular section of the circulation tract was chosen as the object of research. Then the resulting database was visualized using the 3DFieldPro program, where a color scale was matched to the temperature data and model coordinates, and also with the help of the OpenCV library with a high-level implementation program С++, the characteristic hot/cold vortices (spots), the boundary of the mixing process, its character in static mode (without fluctuations) and dynamic mode were analyzed. The uneven mixing process was noted, especially in the dynamic mode. The resulting tools allow you to quickly and clearly visualize these processes.
Lens Library to Facilitate Composing of Virtual Scene for Optic Experiments
Authors: Debelov Victor , Dolgov Nikita
Published: December 2021

While the mathematical modeling of optical phenomena, a computer calculation is often performed, confirming the conclusions made. To do this, a virtual computer model of the optical installation is created in the form of a 3D scene. Also, virtual scenes are often used in training when creating presentations. This paper describes the SphL library, which provides a convenient assignment of spherical lenses and the calculation of the interaction of linear polarized light rays with them. It is focused on applications that use ray tracing. It is known that light of any polarization can be represented on the basis of the mentioned one. The reflected and all rays passing through the lens that arise due to internal reflections are calculated from the ray incident on the scene object. The number of internal reflections is set by the parameter. All output rays are calculated based on the application of Fresnel’s equations and are characterized by intensity values and polarization parameters. In this version of SphL, the main objects at the end–user level are spherical lenses, since they are most often used in optic installations. They are constructed on the basis of the application of the set-theoretic intersection of geometric primitives: a half-space, a sphere, a cone, a cylinder and their complements to the scene space. An advanced user can build their own objects by analogy, for example, cylindrical lenses.
Computer and Physical Modeling for Verification of the Stereo System Calibration Parameters Optimization Results
Authors: Pinchukov Vladislav , Shmatko Ekaterina , Poroykov Anton , Bogachev Artem
Published: December 2021

Close-range photogrammetry is widely used to measure surface shapes and diagnose deformation. Usually, a stereo system of video cameras is used to register images of the measured object from several different angles. The surface shape is determined by triangulating a set of 2D points from these images. Triangulation uses the stereo system calibration parameters, which are determined before the experiment. Measurements during conditions with increased vibration loads can lead to a change in the relative position of the cameras of the stereo system (decalibration). This leads to a change in the actual calibration parameters and an increase in the measurement error. The decalibration problem can be solved using multidimensional optimization algorithms. To verify their calculation's results it is proposed to use a computer and physical modeling of decalibration of a video camera stereo system in laboratory conditions. The paper presents the implementation of the optimizing algorithm for the external parameters of a stereo system and the results of its performance during the experimental investigations.
Structure Preserving Exemplar-Based 3D Texture Synthesis
Authors: Babichev Andrew , Frolov Vladimir Alexandrovich
Published: December 2021

In this paper we propose exemplar-based 3D texture synthesis method which unlike existing neural network approaches preserve structural elements in texture. The proposed approach does this by accounting additional image properties which stand for the preservation of the structure with the help of a specially constructed error function used for training neural networks. Thanks to the proposed solution we can apply 2D texture to any 3D model (even without texture coordinates) by synthesizing high quality 3D texture and using local or world space position of surface instead 2D texture coordinates (fig. 1). Our solution is based on introducing 3 different error components in to the process of neural network fitting which helps to preserve desired properties of generated texture. The first component is for structuredness of the generated texture and the sample, the second component increases the diversity of the generated textures and the third one prevents abrupt transitions between individual pixels.
Practical People Counting Algorithm
Authors: Mamedov Timur , Kuplyakov Denis , Konushin Anton
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we consider the problem of people counting in video surveillance. This is an important task in video analysis, because this data can be used for predictive analytics and improvement of customer services, traffic control, etc. The proposed methods are based on object tracking and are able to work on sparse frames, which allows them to work faster and requires minimum computing resources. We use the algorithm from [1] as a baseline, which based on object tracking by head detections. Head tracking in baseline is proved to be more robust and accurate as the heads are less susceptible to occlusions. But this approach has two disadvantages: the height of people is different, which means that people’s heads are in different planes, so the raised signal line doesn’t look so clear, and also because of this, the accuracy of people counting may decrease. In baseline, this problems were solved using head-to-body linear regression, which had to be retrained for each scene, but this complicates the use of the algorithm for practical purposes. In this paper, we propose a new neural network head-to-body regressor, which allows us to solve the mentioned problems at once. Also in this paper, we use a new visual tracking algorithm that allowed us to speed up our solution. In this work, we introduce two methods — distributed modified baseline algorithm with high people counting accuracy and a solution that can run on a single processor core. Our experimental evaluation showed that the proposed modifications are consistent.
Pyramid HBAO — a Scalable Horizon-based Ambient Occlusion Method
Authors: Astapov Andrew , Frolov Vladimir Alexandrovich , Galaktionov Vladimir Alexandrovich
Published: December 2021

Screen-space Ambient Occlusion (SSAO) methods have become an integral part of the process of calculating global illumination effects in real-time applications. The use of ambient occlusion improves the perception of the geometry of the scene, and also makes a significant contribution to the realism of the rendered image. However, the problems of accuracy and efficiency of algorithms of calculating ambient occlusion remain relevant. Most of the existing methods have similar algorithmic complexity, what makes their use in real-time applications very limited. The performance issues of methods working in the screen space are particularly acute in the current growing spreadness of 4K (3840 x 2160 pixels) resolution of the rendered image. In this paper we provide our own algorithm Pyramid HBAO, which enhances the classic HBAO method by changing its calculation complexity for high resolution.
Graphic File Formats for Web Virtual Globe
Authors: Presnyakov Sergey , Boyarshinov Grigory , Borovskaya Tatyana , Rybkina Alena
Published: December 2021

In this paper various graphic formats were reviewed as resources for web virtual globe. Interactive spherical visualization (ISV) platform called “Orbus” was considered as an example of a graphic resources repository for web virtual globe. Various raster and vector static and dynamic cartographic layers can be set as resources of applications of this type. Such data should fulfill requirements for high informativeness with a minimum disk volume. In this paper traditional formats used for geodata storing, as well as becoming popular formats that can be adapted to work with geodata were explored. As a result of the analysis of the characteristics of common raster formats, the optimized raster format WebP (in the lossless specification), as well as the associated WebM media container, were selected as the most efficient. As a result of analysis of the characteristics of common vector formats, conclusions about their limitations in visual design of the virtual globe were made.
Local R-Functional Modelling (LRFM)
Authors: Tolok Alexey , Tolok Nataliya
Published: December 2021

A new class of functions - "FLOZ- functions" (Functions of LOcal Zeroing out), which makes it possible to form the zero domain of a scalar-valued multidimensional function of complex configuration by means of R-functional modelling is considered. We represent the solution of the inverse problem of analytical geometry for a non-convex contour construction obtained by V.L. Rvachev’s mathematical apparatus of R-functions. The problems of constructing an algorithm for automation the proposed by V.L. Rvachev solutions are described. Presented arguments show the complexity of constructing an algorithm based on recursive attachment. The functional voxel model was created in the RANOK 2D system. An approach to the function of local zeroing out (FLOZ-function) construction for the general (multidimensional) case is described. A two-dimensional function of local zeroing out is selected for solving the problem of a non-convex contour constructing. It is shown that the function of local zeroing out allows to create the sequential algorithm of automation the non-convex contour construction. Examples of automation the considered problems of V.L. Rvachev to the non- convex contour construction are given. The function of local zeroing out for three-dimensional space (3D FLOZ-function) is considered. An example of functional voxel modelling of a 3D sphere model based on a triangulated network consisted of 80 triangles is given.
Algorithms for Working with Orthogonal Polyhedrons in Solving Cutting and Packing Problems
Authors: Chekanin Vladislav , Chekanin Alexander
Published: December 2021

In this paper problems of cutting and packing objects of complex geometric shapes are considered. To solve these NP-hard problems, it is proposed to use an approach based on geometric transformation of polygonal objects to composite objects (orthogonal polyhedrons) made up of rectangles or parallelepipeds of a given dimension. To describe the free space inside a voxelized container, a model of potential containers is used as the basic model that provides the ability of packing orthogonal polyhedrons. A number of specialized algorithms are developed to work with orthogonal polyhedrons including: algorithms for placing and removing composite objects, an algorithm for forming a packing with a given distance between objects to be placed. Two algorithms for the placement of orthogonal polyhedrons are developed and their efficiency is investigated. An algorithm for obtaining a container of complex shape presented as an orthogonal polyhedron based on a polygonal model is given. The article contains examples of placement schemes obtained by the developed algorithms for solving problems of packing two-dimensional and three-dimensional non-rectangular composite objects.
Solid Modeling of Geometric Objects in Point Calculus
Authors: Konopatskiy Evgeniy , Bezditnyi Andrey
Published: December 2021

The paper describes an approach to solid modeling of geometric objects in the form of an organized three-parameter set of points in three-dimensional space. The relevance of the research topic is due to the widespread use of solid-state models in various branches of science and technology, mechanical engineering, construction and medicine. Solid-state computer models are currently one of the basic computer graphics tools and an integral part of computer- aided design and calculation systems. It is widely used as one of the control elements of CNC machines and 3D printing, the development of information systems in the design and construction of buildings and structures, finite element calculations of deformed states in aircraft and mechanical engineering, their manufacture in medicine, etc. The choice of point calculus as a mathematical apparatus for the analytical description of solid models of geometric objects is substantiated. Examples of modeling sets of elliptical bodies and toroidal bodies in a simplex of three-dimensional space are given.
Effectiveness of Graphic Training Technologies in Today's Environment
Authors: Oparina Elena , Stolbova Irina
Published: December 2021

Today the higher education system should guarantee a confident transition to the digital era, provide training for professionals in demand in the labor market, who have digital literacy and thoroughly know the Internet technologies. In this paper, the authors investigate the problem of subject learning management and digital transformation of the educational process on the example of basic geometric-graphic training of junior students in a technical university. The experience of implementation of the GGT distance course on the Moodle platform and the system of automated control of educational results, as well as their use in various forms of education: full-time, distance and mixed, is described. Positive and negative aspects of distance learning are discussed. The paper presents the results of a survey of students, as well the study of the quality of knowledge gained in the discipline in various forms of education based on automated control of current educational tests. The study analyzes the learning outcomes shown by the students of the Mining Faculty of PNRPU over the past several years with various forms of organizing the course of GGT. The effectiveness of using relevant educational technologies in the framework of geometric and graphic training at PNRPU is assessed. The data of the survey of students, showing their attitude to distance learning, are given. It is concluded that in order to achieve the best results in teaching, a mixed approach is optimal, combining the use of distance learning with traditional classroom studies of students under the guidance of a teacher.
Iterative Model of the Pursuer Trajectory in Space
Authors: Dubanov Alexander
Published: December 2021

In this article, it is proposed to consider and discuss the implementation of the method of parallel convergence in space in a computer mathematics system. In this method, the pursuer's speed vector is directed arbitrarily. The pursuer's trajectory gradually approaches the movement in the plane formed by the line connecting the initial positions of the pursuer and the target, and the velocity vector. In this task, the target moves evenly and rectilinearly. The pursuer moves evenly. The points of the pursuer's trajectory are calculated sequentially. They are the intersection points of the plane containing the line of sight, the sphere and the cone. As the pursuer approaches the plane of target‘s movement, the algorithm for calculating the trajectory points changes. Now the point of the pursuer's trajectory is the result of the intersection of the sphere, the plane of movement of the target and the plane containing the line of sight.
The Algorithm for Crossing the N-dimensional Hyperquadric with N-1-dimensional Hyperspace
Authors: Lesnova Elena , Voloshinov Denis
Published: December 2021

In descriptive geometry, the problem of finding a surface curve section with a plane is common. One such surface curve is a quadric. Due to the increased demand for tasks related to quadric, the synthetic modeling method becomes relevant. In recent years, geometric constructions of dimensions of more than three began to be studied more and more often. Multidimensional geometric shapes in multidimensional space are typically constructed using geometric modeling software. However, without additional building automation tools, software does not sufficiently facilitate human labor. The larger the dimension of the constructions, the more cumbersome and time consuming the drawing process becomes. The increasing complexity of constructions requires automation of constructions that can be traditimatized. Geometric constructions made using automation tools make us rethink the process of structural geometric modeling in descriptive geometry. Within the framework of the article, the algorithm for crossing the N-dimensional hyperquadric with N-1-dimensional hyperspace is presented. Special cases of this geometric construction are also considered: intersection of a three- dimensional quadric with a plane and intersection of a four-dimensional hyperquadric with a three-dimensional space. The implementation of the developed algorithm is carried out using the Simplex system and the built-in interpreter of the prolog logical programming language.
Grid Based on the Sierpinski Fractal and an Assessment of the Prospects for its Application in Aircraft Parts
Authors: Zhikharev Leviin
Published: December 2021

Modern geometric methods open up prospects for improving the shape and structure of parts. Such improvement can pursue the goals of increasing the strength with constant material consumption, or reducing the mass when it is not necessary to increase the strength. The meaning of geometric methods is to create a part shape the stresses arising in the part material under the action of applied loads are distributed most evenly. Such methods include the use of fractal geometry. This article presents the results of a study of a fractal lattice created on the basis of the Sierpinski triangle. Computer simulation in the SolidWorks, as well as strength studies of parts produced using additive technologies, allowed us to confirm a multiple increase in the strength of the fractal lattice with an increase in the number of fractal iterations. One of the most promising areas of application of fractal structures may be aviation technology. In this area, weight reduction is needful, and the complex shape of the parts is realized with the help of expensive production methods. For this reason, a number of experiments were conducted within the framework of the study, the purpose of which was to test the feasibility of using fractal gratings to reduce the weight of aircraft parts, using the example of the fork of the front landing gear of the combat training aircraft Yak-130.
Scaling of Discomfort Sensations in the Conditions of Performing Office Visual Tasks
Authors: Boos George , Budak Vladimir , Ilyina Ekaterina , Meshkova Tatyana
Published: December 2021

Currently, computer graphics programs (CG) as a tool for designing lighting installations allows us to move to a fundamentally new approach to assessing the quality of lighting: to move away from designing based on illuminance values to designing based on synthetic images or lighting design. Modern CG programs allow us to calculate the spatial-angular distribution of luminance (SADL). Still, some criterion is needed for the assessment, which will allow us to uniquely determine the quality of lighting in terms of luminance distribution. In this paper, we consider constructing a physiological model of the visual sense scale for assessing the quality of lighting according to SADL based on an experiment to assess visual sense from the luminance of a light source in the field of view on a uniform background with different luminance. As a result of the work done, it is proposed to use a scale of sensations in the form of a certain space. The axis of space is the threshold contrast for the resulting sense of discomfort, depending on the observation conditions. All other sensations are separated from the axis at some distance. Threshold contrasts, at which visual sensations arise within the framework of the proposed scale, can be used in the future to assess the storm in the lighting scene using a new criterion and will allow analysing the quality of lighting using CG methods.
The Influence of Lighting System Photometric Characteristics on Mental State of Users. The Case Study of Keyboard Handwriting
Authors: Roslyakova Svetlana , Laushkina Anastasia , Bragina Tatiana , Zemlyanova Ekaterina , Basov Oleg
Published: December 2021

The results of existing research regarding the relationship between color temperature, lighting parameters, and mental state have limited data on multi-user space. This study is aimed at identifying the possible effect of color temperature and illuminance on mood, concentration, and, as a result, improvement or deterioration of the performance. During the experiment, the participants solved problems related to professional and educational activities. The collection of data on the mental state of the subjects was carried out automatically using an electronic survey including: self-assessment scale (SAN), state-trait anxiety inventory, visual-associative self-assessment of the emotional state of the masked personality, subjective well-being scale. In addition, to the assess performance, Kraepelin Table was used. The relationship between lighting and the mental state often manifests itself after a long-term effect. The illumination modes 3500 K 325 lx and 4000 K 300 lx are the most optimal modes for implementing artificial lighting in adaptive systems for office spaces. The collected results, conclusions, and recommendations were based on correlating the data of psychological surveys of participants and an objective method of analysis based on the investigation of the keyboard handwriting of subjects. The results show that color temperature and light levels affect behavior, mood, and performance in multiplayer environments. Taking into account the results obtained, this adaptive lighting technology can be introduced into the system of an office or study space, where adaptation is important not only for a specific person, but also for a group of users.
Modeling of Natural Lighting Parameters in the Open Air with Intermeradiandiate Luminance Distribution
Authors: Konopatskiy Evgeniy , Yehorchenkov Vladimir , Bezditnyi Andrey
Published: December 2021

When simulating outdoor natural lighting, a spherical sky model is used. This is true in a clear sky, but in the presence of clouds, this model does not correspond to reality. This paper presents the substantiation of the sky model in the form of a spherical segment with a standard distribution of the luminance of the semi-clear (intermediate) sky. Moreover, instead of the ratio of illumination, under given cloudiness conditions to illumination with ideal transparency of the atmosphere, which are usually used in European standards, the direct value of cloudiness is used here, taken from the results of long-term observations at meteorological stations. To modeling the parameters of outdoor natural lighting, a more effective and simple mathematical apparatus of point calculus is used, with the help of which a point set of a spherical segment is formed. On the basis of this set, a field of elementary pyramids is created. For each pyramid, using well-known formulas, elementary values of the parameters of natural lighting are determined.
Interactive Design as a Model of Creative Communication: the WATT Mobile App in the "Sensitive City" System
Authors: Zaeva-Burdonskaya Elena , Khusanbaeva Elmira
Published: December 2021

The Smart City program has become a step towards the development of digital space in the urban environment of megacities such as Moscow. Despite the global nature of the idea of the communicative-digital urban model, an attempt at a human-oriented approach remains. In the digital space, the function of anthropocentrism is assumed by interactive design that serves as an adaptation of the manifold urban environment. Design becomes a tool creating a person's comfort zone, implementing various urban socio-cultural scenarios interactively, taking into account the psycho-emotional state of a person. In the developed concept of WATT interactive application a person acts as an energetic and emotional "component" of the city. The product answers the goal of the design system of the sensual stratum of the environment, forming the concept of a Sensitive city and its important parameter: an indicator mood of the urban environment’s mood. The innovative character of the approach lies on the city aimed at the creation of an new energetical product - a tool that forms the eco-energy exchange between the resident and the city, results as an index of resident’s "happiness". The application becomes an example of the hybrid existence of urban environment, harmonizes the relationship between the digital field and the citizen: it supports the emotional and psychological state and offers various rehabilitation programs. This becomes especially relevant due to the need to neutralize the consequences of self-isolation after the pandemic.
Integrating Traditional Machine Learning and Neural Networks for Image Processing
Authors: Laptev Nikita , Laptev Vladislav , Gerget Olga , Kolpashchikov Dmitriy
Published: December 2021

The article describes a feasibility study to assess the use of neural networks and traditional machine learning algorithms to solve various problems including image processing. A brief description of some algorithms of traditional machine learning, as well as anautomated service for choosing the best method for a specific task, is given. The authors also describe the features of artificial neural networks and the most popular places for theirapplication. An algorithm for solving the problem of detecting fire hazardous objects andlocalizing a fire source in a forest using video sequence frames is presented. The article compares the characteristics of artificial neural network models according to the followingcriteria: underlying architecture, the number of analyzed frames, the size of the input image, the transfer learning model used as a feature vector composing network. Acomparative analysis of traditional machine learning algorithms and neural networks withlong short-term memory in the problem of classification of forest fire hazards is made. A solution to localization of the source of fire based on clustering is described. A hybrid algorithm for finding a fire source in a forest is developed and illustrated.
Kinematics and Geochronology of Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic Ductile Deformation in the Alxa Block, NW China: New Constraints on the Evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Zhang Beihang , Zhang Jin , Zhao Heng , Qu Junfeng , Zhang Yiping , Niu Pengfei , Hui Jie , Yun Long
Published: December 2021

Strike-slip faults are widely developed throughout the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), one of the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogenic collages in the world, and may have played a key role in its evolution. Recent studies have shown that a large number of Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic ductile shear zones developed along the southern CAOB. This study reports the discovery of a NW–SE striking, approximately 500 km long and up to 2 km wide regional ductile shear zone in the southern Alxa Block, the Southern Alxa Ductile Shear Zone (SADSZ), which is located in the central part of the southern CAOB. The nearly vertical mylonitic foliation and subhorizontal stretching lineation indicate that the SADSZ is a ductile strike-slip shear zone, and various kinematic indicators indicate dextral shearing. The zircon U-Pb ages and the 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of the muscovite and biotite indicate that the dextral ductile shearing was active during Middle Permian to Middle Triassic (ca. 269–240 Ma). The least horizontal displacement of the SADSZ is constrained between ca. 40 and 50 km. The aeromagnetic data shows that the SADSZ is in structural continuity with the coeval shear zones in the central and northern Alxa Block, and these connected shear zones form a ductile strike-slip duplex in the central part of the southern CAOB. The ductile strike-slip duplex in the Alxa Block, including the SADSZ, connected the dextral ductile shear zones in the western and eastern parts of the southern CAOB to form a 3000 km long E-W trending dextral shear zone, which developed along the southern CAOB during Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic. This large-scale dextral shear zone was caused by the eastward migration of the orogenic collages and blocks of the CAOB and indicates a transition from convergence to transcurrent setting of the southern CAOB during Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic.