bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAILURE PREDICTION IN LARGE SCALE COMPOSITE LAMINATES CONTAINING BONDED REPAIRS
Authors: LABIK TIM , , AWERBUCH JONATHAN , TAN TEIN-MIN
Published: November 2023

A finite element (FE) based predictive framework, incorporating NASA’s CompDam composite damage model, has been developed to simulate damage initiation and progression in large carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates containing various scarfed hole configurations. The framework was applied to a CFRP panel with a centrally located double-sided scarf hole. The CFRP laminate is made of carbon/epoxy with layup sequences comparable to transport category aircraft wing skin panels. The experimental work was previously conducted using the Airframe Beam Structural Test (ABST) fixture at the FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center, which can apply combinations of loads simulating various service loading conditions of an aircraft. Results show good correlation between FE analysis and experiment.
FIRE PERFORMANCE OF SHORT AND LONG GLASS FIBER POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY ENCLOSURES
Authors: FARHADI MEHRNOUSH , LATTIMER BRIAN Y. , CASE SCOTT W.
Published: November 2023

In response to the significant need to identify damage and failure modes occurring in lithium-ion (LI) electric vehicle (EV) battery packs under mechanical loading and external fire exposure, this research is designed to evaluate the fire performance of new injection-molded, flame-retarded polypropylenes (PP) with 30% long and short glass fiber, STAMAX30YH570 and PPc-H1030, respectively, for battery pack enclosures. This effort includes a series of experiments to quantify the mechanically loaded composite material plates' thermal, physical, and structural behavior under a one-sided fire exposure. A non-contact thermal digital image correlation (TDIC) method was implemented to measure full-field, transient 3D deformations and temperature distribution over the unexposed surface of the composite plates. The effect of plate thickness, fire exposure size, and glass fiber-reinforcement length were studied experimentally. It was found that the occurrence of intumescence slowed down the spread of heat through the plastic plate thickness, as it created a thermal shield. No significant intumescence was observed in thin plates before failure, and it was found that increasing the plate thickness delayed the failure time by a factor of approximately six, while having no significant impact on the unexposed surface failure temperatures. The fire performance of the composite plates under extremely large fire exposure was characterized, and the coupled impacts of thermal expansion and intumescence on the failure of long- and short-fiber composites was studied. Some perspectives and outlooks on the enhancement of the complex interaction of the composite plate and the simulated mechanical loading are proposed for future development.
FIBER ORIENTATION PREDICTION AT MULTIPLE THICKNESSES IN A PPMC TENSILE COUPON
Authors: LARSON RICHARD , LI JIANG , KRAVCHENKO SERGEY G. , KRAVCHENKO OLEKSANDR G.
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated the ability of artificial intelligence tools to reconstruct local fiber orientation distribution (FOD) at multiple thicknesses of a prepreg platelet molded composite (PPMC) specimen. A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) was employed to accurately predict FOD at three thickness regions and the total thickness of a molded specimen by using thermally induced strain on the surfaces of the specimen. The developed DCNN architecture was trained with thousands of synthetic finite element morphologies of PPMC plates. The DCNN performed well on the synthetic data and predicted the FOD in the specimen with a 0.071 mean absolute error (MAE) for the entire specimen thickness and 0.128, 0.145 and 0.125 MAE for the top, middle and bottom thirds of the specimen thickness, respectively. The proposed methodology predicted the spatially varying FOD at multiple thickness levels in PPMC parts and can be used for a nondestructive evaluation process to detect erroneous fiber orientation in PPMC components.
EVALUATING RATE DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR OF SILANE MOLECULES WITH MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS AND MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: BHESANIA ABHISHEK S. , BENVENUTO MATTHEW , KUBOTA MUNETAKA , . CHOWDHURY SANJIB C. , GILLESPIE JR. JOHN W.
Published: November 2023

In this study, silane molecules of different functionalities and molecular weights are evaluated for their performance under different strain rates 109, 1010, and 1011 1/s in Mode I. loading. Molecular Dynamics simulations are performed over the systems made of a single silane molecule bound to the glass surface via one or two bonds and are simulated in the extended or relaxed position resting on the fiber surface. The silane molecules are categorized into three classes based on these three bond failure mechanism within the silane molecule: (1) Silicon-Oxygen/Silicon-Carbon, (2) Nitrogen-Carbon, and (3) Oxygen-Carbon. For all the configurations of silane molecules simulated, the peak strength demonstrated by the silanes which failed with the 1st bond failure mechanism was higher than those failing with the 2nd and 3rd mechanisms. For each failure mechanism, it is observed that the energy absorbed at failure increases with the chain length of the molecule. The non-bonded interactions between silane molecules and the glass surface contributed to the overall energy absorption. 16 to 29 % of the total energy absorbed was due to non-bonded interactions by different silane molecules. In the end, a methodology to develop and implement a Machine Learning model of Variational Auto-encoder is presented to utilize the MD simulations performed at different strain rates and configurations to predict new silanes with improved rate-dependent strength and energy absorption.
COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF RADIATION EFFECTS IN CARBON FIBER-REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES
Authors: LI FUYUE , WOODROUGH MARY , DEO CHAITANYA
Published: November 2023

Radiation effect in carbon fiber-filled polyethylene composites are of importance in space and aircraft applications. A two-fold approach is employed to study radiation effects in carbon nanotube polyethylene as the exemplar. First, a radiation transport model is created with a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) as thin carbon slab superimposed on a slab of medium-density polyethylene matrix. Different weight fractions of SWCNT are examined and compared with an integrated model for the shielding abilities of galactic cosmic radiation. Second, molecular dynamics simulation with bond-order force field are conducted for 350 eV carbon recoil cascade simulation. Preliminary results discuss the effect of SWCNT on the radiation damage of crystalline polyethylene. Transport simulation demonstrate the efficacy of the slab model in predicting the shielding abilities and concluded that the dose increases with increasing SWCNT filler. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that adding SWCNT enhances the radiation resistance with fewer free molecules produced.
INTEGRATING DEEP LEARNING WITH GUIDED WAVE-BASED SIMULATION TO PREDICT DELAMINATION LOCATION IN COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Authors: ZHUANG LINQI , HE JUNYAN , CHAURASIA ADARSH , NAJAFI ALI
Published: November 2023

In the present study, a numerical framework integrating deep learning with guidedwave- based finite element (FE) simulation is developed to accurately predict the delamination location in a composite structure. In the FE model, composite structure is modeled as an 8 layer [02/902]2 laminate. Elliptical delamination with randomly selected orientations and in-plane locations, is placed at the interface between top 0° and 90° layers. The guided wave is excited by a piezoelectric transducer, and the out-of-plane displacement signals are collected at eight prescribed sensor locations. The initial sensor signal is processed using continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and the convolutional neural network (CNN) is utilized to predict the delamination location. With the baseline model trained, the CNN model is extended to predict the location for circular shaped delamination. The use of transfer learning to minimize data needed for CNN model in predicting the location of delamination of a different shape is also investigated. The results show that the CNN-based framework can accurately identify delamination location given the sensor signal. Furthermore, the combination of modeling randomly distributed and oriented elliptical delamination, along with transfer learning, proves to be an effective strategy for reducing the additional data required for a new delamination shape.
A NOVEL DESIGN OF ELLIPTICAL S-CHIRAL METACOMPOSITE: THE FINITE ELEMENT/EXPERIMENTAL DATA APPROACH
Authors: MELLO NATHALIA , AVILA ANTONIO F.
Published: November 2023

This paper addresses a new concept of chiral metastructure the so-called elliptical S-shape chiral. All five groups of metamaterials studied exhibited large anisotropy. This the anisotropic behavior is controlled by the ellipses’ eccentricities. Moreover, the anisotropic response is also more evident when the loading axes are considered. For x-axis compressive loading conditions, the stiffness decreases as the ellipse eccentricity increases. The Poisson ratio's magnitude increases with the increase of a/b aspect ratio, showing a very high auxeticity when the ellipse is close to a flat configuration. In this case, the Poisson ratio was near to -18. For y-axis compressive loadings, the stiffness increases with the decrease of a/b aspect ratio leading to a flexible metastructure. The Poisson ratio's values decreases with the increasing of a/b aspect ratio, but all values were near zero (between -0.35 and -0.05). It seems that the transversal section practically does not change when the metastructure is compressed through y-direction.
MULTISCALE FE MODELLING AND ANN TO PREDICT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-CRIMP FABRIC COMPOSITES WITH MANUFACTURING INDUCED DEFECTS
Authors: ZENG YU , MONTESANO JOHN
Published: November 2023

Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composites comprising unidirectional non-crimp fabrics (UD-NCFs) have recently gained considerable traction for fabrication of liquid composite molded parts. However, the variations in the microstructure of UD-NCF composites poses challenges in predicting and optimizing their properties. Additionally, their mechanical properties are influenced by process-induced defects, including variations in the relative position and shape of the tows, in-plane tow misalignment, out-of-plane tow crimping, and non-uniform fiber volume fraction. Thus, there is a need to develop robust tools to predict the mechanical properties of NCF composites that capture the critical manufacturing-induced defects. In this study, a multiscale finite element (FE) modelling approach is proposed to predict the in-tow (micro) and lamina-level (meso) effective properties of UD-NCF composites in order to support the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the same purpose. First, a microscopic analysis was conducted to capture the material micro and mesoscale structure and process-induced defects. Second, microscale and mesoscale FE models were constructed based on the microscopic analysis, where process-induced defects were included within the associated representative volume elements (RVEs). The developed multiscale modeling approach was intended to generate an adequate amount of reliable training and testing data for ANN models. Finally, micro and mesoscale ANN models were developed, trained, and tested to predict the relations between inputs (i.e., constituent properties and material structure parameters) and outputs (i.e., in-tow and lamina-level effective properties). The trained ANN models reduced the calculation time from hours in multiscale FE modeling to seconds without sacrificing accuracy.
REAL-TIME DELAMINATION MONITORING IN DCB SPECIMENS USING MFC SENSORS
Authors: VISHE NILESH J. , ADITYA SANKHA S. , MULANI SAMEER B. , ROY SAMIT
Published: November 2023

Laminated composites when subjected to high-cycle fatigue loading, undergo delamination and the damage due to fatigue delamination can be detrimental to structural health. Hence, it is necessary to develop a way to detect the damage and then explore novel methods to repair it without need of mechanical fasteners. With this objective, double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens were fabricated, and macro fiber composite (MFC) elements were attached to the top and bottom surfaces. The MFC elements serve a dual purpose- First, they can be used as sensors to detect damage; secondly, they can be used to generate heat to actuate the self-healing process where damage is detected, as proven and presented in our previous studies. The main objective of this study is to detect the damage due to fatigue loading, i.e., crack size and location, with the help of MFCs so that the same network of MFCs can be used to heal the crack in situ. Tests were carried out on baseline DCB specimens with a pre-crack of 38.1 mm and specimens with crack growth in the interval of 2.5 mm beyond the pre-crack end. The DCB specimen with an array of 8 MFCs was used to perform damage detection initially with a single 5-cycle tone-burst actuation signal and then with the actuation signal as antisymmetric Lamb wave excitation. The signal difference coefficient (SDC) was used as a delamination detection metric and calculated for different actuator and sensor location combinations. The preliminary results of lamb wave actuation showed significant increase in SDC with the delamination crack growth for the selected actuator combination. The other objective of this study was to simulate the experimental results for the MFC actuator-sensor setup using the commercially available finite element (FE) analysis software ABAQUS, with fully dynamic simulation of Lamb wave propagation in the composite DCB specimens.
ORIGIN AND SIGNIFICANCE OF NON-UNIFORM MORPHOLOGY IN AFP COMPOSITES
Authors: RAVANGARD AHMADREZA , JAMORA VON CLYDE , BHAGATJI JIMESH D. , KRAVCHENKO OLEKSANDR
Published: November 2023

Employing automated fiber placement provides a high level of control over intricate layup designs, but it introduces irregular morphology due to fiber tow deposition effects, such as tow gaps and overlaps. A confluence of elements like squeeze flow, resin bleed-out, and non-linear deformation results in morphological variation on micro and macro levels. To delve into these complex, interrelated phenomena, we developed a multiphysics finite element framework designed to simulate compaction behavior specifically around areas with fiber tow gaps. This structure integrates chemo-rheological and flow-compaction analyses. Within the compaction analysis, we incorporated a visco-hyperelastic constitutive model. This model is characterized by anisotropic tensorial prepreg viscosity, a feature that is dependent on the resin cure degree and local fiber orientation and volume fraction. Our approach considers the impact of resin bleed-out into the gap region, which results in the formation of a complex, non-uniform resin-rich pocket. The predicted morphology from the proposed finite element simulation agreed with the observed morphology in cured sample with staggered fiber tow gaps.
MICROWAVE HEATING OF FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE-NANOPLATELET POLYMER COMPOSITES: EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY
Authors: DUA MAHIMA , ZHANG QI , MERTINY PIERRE
Published: November 2023

Compared with contemporary electrofusion techniques that use embedded wires for Joule heating, microwave heating may facilitate the joining of thermoplastic polymer components, promising shortened fusion periods, better heating uniformity, and reduced energy consumption. This study investigates the fabrication of multifunctional polylactide acid (PLA) composites with strong microwave absorption using functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (fGNP). Graphene nanoplatelets were treated with tannic acid to produce fGNP. The fGNP/PLA nanocomposites were fabricated using a two-step scalable manufacturing method, including solution blending and hot compression molding. The fGNP content of the composites ranged from 0 to 8% by weight. The samples were characterized for dielectric permittivity, heat capacity, and electrical and thermal conductivity. Thermal imaging was used to investigate the efficacy of microwave heating in fGNP/PLA nanocomposites as a function of microwave power and filler weight fractions. Experimental findings were contrasted with similar results for plain (non-functionalized) GNP in PLA. The produced nanocomposites were discovered to have strong microwave absorption characteristics and hence rapid heating, making this type of composite a prospective choice for gasket materials that faci
FORMING SIMULATION OF A HIPERDIF PLA/CARBON FIBRE TAPE WITH A MICROMECHANICAL MODEL
Authors: YAVUZ BURAK OGUN , HAMERTON IAN , LONGANA MARCO L. , BELNOUE JONATHAN P.-H.
Published: November 2023

Aligned discontinuous fibre composites (ADFRCs) have been gathering attention with the growth in both quality and available quantity of materials from HiPerDiF (High Performance Discontinuous Fibre), AFFT (Aligned Formable Fibre Technology), and TuFF (Tailored universal Feedstock for Forming). In addition to their support of sustainable solutions for the composite industry by the potential to use both thermoplastic and vitrimeric matrices and reclaimed fibres, they offer promising advantages to the manufacturing of complex structures through superior formability. To maximise these advantages, it is crucial to understand the material behaviour and by simulating the forming of complex parts it will be possible to decrease manufacturing costs and increase the quality of a product. In this study, the procedure for a forming simulation of ADFRCs is demonstrated with the help of a micromechanical model of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA)/carbon fibre tape.
DESIGN OF BROADBAND RADAR ABSORBING CORRUGATED HYBRID CORE SANDWICHNICKEL-COATED GLASS/PEEKTHERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES
Authors: KANG YOUNG-HOON , MALLESH SHANIGARAM , HA JI-HWAN , SEOK CHANG-MIN , KWAK BYEONG-SU , LEE JUHYEONG , NAM YOUNG-WOO
Published: November 2023

This study aims to design and manufacture a low-density hybrid corrugated core sandwich structure, employing a nickel-coated glass fiber (NCF)/polyether ether ketone (PEEK) thermoplastic matrix, which demonstrates exceptional radar absorption performance and lightning resistance within the C~Ku (4-18 GHz) band. To modify the electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of glass fibers (GF), a nickel electroless plating technique was employed to plate the surface of the GF with nickel. The complex permittivity (ε = ε' - jε'') of the GF/PEEK and NCF/PEEK composites was measured using a free space measurement (FSM) technique within the C~X-band (5.8-12.4 GHz) to assess their EM properties. The measurement results revealed that at 10 GHz, the ε of GF/PEEK was 4.69 - j0.079, whereas the ε of NCF/PEEK increased to 18.50 - j15.32, indicating improved dielectric properties. To design a broadband radar absorbing structure (RAS) with exceptional microwave absorption performance, the optimal shape of the corrugated core was determined through the utilization of CST Microwave Studio. The designed RAS demonstrated absorption performance exceeding 90% within the C~Ku band (4-18 GHz). Additionally, to improve the lightning protection effectiveness in RAS designs, a polyimide (PI) film coated with patterned silver paste was applied to the facesheet of corrugated core sandwich panel. Through lightning experiments, it was observed that the lightning protection effect was enhanced in the presence of the dedicated lightning strike protection film. The outcomes of this study indicate that the developed corrugated core sandwich structure for RAS holds potential for applications in stealth technology.
A PROGRESSIVE FATIGUE MODEL ON THE BEARING FAILURE OF COMPOSITE BOLTED JOINTS
Authors: CUI XIAODONG , KARIYAWASAM SUPUN , ALBRECHT QUINTEN , LUA JIM
Published: November 2023

Bolted composite joints have distinctive failure mechanisms due to the bolt clamping force, which could induce a hydrostatic pressure in the bearing region. Compressive failure near a bolt hole under bearing, clamp-up pressure, and constraint from non-zero degree plies takes a variety of forms at the microscales including fiber micro-buckling, fiber kinking, fiber compressive failure, matrix cracking, delamination, and out-of-plane shear cracking. The hydrostatic pressure would cause the increase of compressive strength of the composite material and hence grant a large load-carrying capability to the bolted joint from damage initiation to ultimate failure. A physics-informed modeling approach is developed for the static bearing failure analysis by considering the residual stress along the longitudinal and transverse direction in the bearing region. However, the mechanisms become more complicated for the fatigue load when hole elongation is involved. The permanent hole elongation could be caused by the releasing of the formed debris in the bearing region during the unloading stage under fatigue load. To consider this permanent deformation, two permanent strain components in the longitudinal direction and transverse direction are introduced into the developed fatigue model and their evolution with the increase of fatigue cycles. With the evolution of permanent strain implemented, the fatigue model can be utilized in the failure prediction for the composite bolted joints of various configurations such as single shear bearing (SSB), double shear bearing (DSB), and bearing and bypass (BB) coupons. Validation studies are performed using test data from National Institute for Aviation Research (NIAR) and damage characterization results to correlate the damage progression and final failure mechanisms. The validated bearing damage and failure prediction module for CB2ATA will be used as a virtual testing tool to generate additional points on the bearing and bypass interaction curve without testing.
Problemy z interpretacją fonologiczną postpalatalnych głosek zwarto-wybuchowych
Authors: Dróżdż-Łuszczyk Katarzyna
Published: November 2023

PROBLEMS WITH THE PHONOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF POST-PALATAL PLOSIVE SOUNDS
The article reports the most important phonetic changes which took place in the contemporary Polish language. The aim of the chapter is to answer the questions that arise when learning phonetics and phonology, especially in regard to phonemes /k΄/ and /g΄/. In this paper the author presents various opinions on the phonological distinctiveness of the two sounds. The author focuses on the phenomenon associated with depalatalisation of consonants [k΄] and [g΄] and presents solutions adopted in academic textbooks. Finally, the author presents suggestions for the phonological interpretation of selected consonants.
Nie tylko Bulla gnieźnieńska. O znaczeniu dokumentu fundacyjnego Zbyluta (1153) dla polskich badań historycznojęzykowych
Authors: Kuźmicki Marcin , Mika Tomasz
Published: November 2023

NOT ONLY BULL OF GNIEZNO: ON THE IMPORTANCE OF ZBYLUT’S FOUNDATION DOCUMENT (1153) FOR POLISH HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC RESEARCH. PART 3: TOWARDS TRANSCRIPTION
This article is the third part of a series dedicated to the documents sharing the name of “Zbylut’s foundation document”. The aim of the first part was to bring the three 12th-century documents into the field of interest of philologists and to review the historical literature with a view to identifying threads that may be relevant to philological (historical-linguistic) research, while the second part brought ananswer to the question of the relationship between the surviving documents, the degree of imitation between them, and the number of writers who were their authors. The present, third part, shows how complicated (and sometimes impossible) it is to get to the wording of the Zbylut document’s records and what procedures are used to do so. A comparison and analysis of selected records from the oldest three documents indicates the place of graphic substitution, the custom of redrawing records and the Latinization of records in the hierarchy of successive filters imposed on the record. We have also tried to show how making different assumptions leads to completely different readings of the same name and to different hypotheses about the presumed sound of its name. We have also discussed the consequences of “translating” a name written in simple graphics into the modern alphabet with which, according to the essence of transcription, ancient phonetic features were to be expressed, and which, aswe often get the impression, is no better suited for this than the graphics used by 12th-century scribes. We also took up the theme of the indispensable cooperation of historians and philologists in finding out the truth hidden in the oldest records of Polish proper names.
Nawiązanie do świata przyrody w propozycjach nazewniczych restauracji w łódzkim Orientarium
Authors: Burska Katarzyna
Published: November 2023

REFERENCE TO THE WORLD OF NATURE IN SUGGESTIONS OF RESTAURANT NAMES IN THE ORIENTARIUM IN ŁÓDŹ
The aim of the article is to indicate which lexical elements from the thematic field of nature were used by the Internet users during constructing the names of restaurants in the Orientarium in Łódź submitted to the competition organized on the official profile of Łódź on Facebook, with particular emphasis on the motivation of the examined propria and appellative bases. The material basis is 531 naming proposals in which a reference to the world of nature was visible. Semantic-pragmatic analysis with elements of structural analysis was used in the research. Internet users exposed their relationships with fauna and flora by placing the noun animal and its derivatives, using the adjectives natural and wild, recalling the characteristics of animals and their places of residence and foodacquisition. There were less frequent references to plants and water, as well as other natural phenomena.The largest group are chrematonyms based on the names of various animals. Many names havea positive value, which has a persuasive function. The presence of a plant or animal component allows you to show the relationship between the name and the location of the restaurant in Orientarium.
Tooth wear: intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical factors
Authors: Al-Ani Ziad
Published: November 2023

Tooth wear, the progressive loss of dental hard tissue not caused by decay or trauma, is a multi-faceted phenomenon with implications for oral health and aesthetics. This article provides a comprehensive overview of both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical factors contributing to tooth wear. Intrinsic mechanical wear from direct tooth-to-tooth contact leading to attrition, such as in bruxism, and extrinsic mechanical wear resulting from external actions, such as parafunctional habits including biting nails, chewing on pens, or the consumption of rough food elements and the use of overly abrasive dental products and aggressive toothbrushing, leading to abrasion.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding the complex relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic mechanical factors is essential for clinicians to provide holistic dental care.
Dento-legal considerations in the management of patients with tooth wear
Authors: Mukar Sandeep , D'Cruz Len
Published: November 2023

Tooth wear is increasing in prevalence in both the younger and older population, and general dental practitioners have a duty of care to examine patients carefully, diagnose the condition and manage it with patient input. The article briefly covers the elements of examination, diagnosis and decision-making about how to manage it from a dento-legal perspective.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists with their teams need to understand their legal obligations in managing this among their patient base.
The Integration of Foot and Ankle Instruments to Enhance Orthopedic Hand Surgery: Technical Note
Authors:   Grandview Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, United States., Raszewski Jesse A , Bamberger H Brent ,   Grandview Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, United States.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The scaphoid fracture is the most common type of carpal fracture, and disruption of the proximal row of carpal bones alters wrist mechanics altering the stabilization that permits the wrist to work efficiently. When the displacement is at least 2 mm, the majority of surgeons would preferentially operatively intervene in this fracture. Non-union of the fracture will occur when left untreated. The gold standard for treatment is open reduction and internal fixation using autologous bone graft. This case report is the first to describe the integration of the Hintermann™ Distractor, used as an integral part of the surgery in scaphoid waist fracture fixation to improve fracture stabilization, preparation, and compression. Case Report: A 20-year-old male presented with a volar flexed scaphoid non-union, 4 months after the initial injury. Open reduction internal fixation, with the use of the Hintermann™ Distractor, facilitated ease of reduction and placement of Russe graft. Conclusion: Scaphoid waist non-unions with volar angulation and an associated DISI deformity can lead to a significant decrease in function. This case study is the first to describe the use of a foot and ankle instrument to assist with fracture preparation and distraction to place a corticocancellous strut graft in the scaphoid fracture efficiently. This case study demonstrates the efficiency of the technique. Keywords: Foot & Ankle, Hintermann, Integration
Uncemented Total Hip Arthroplasty in an Adult without Osteotomy for Neglected Developmental Dysplasia of Hip
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Kadam Rahul , Singh Sanjeev K ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Sharma Gaurav ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Anbalagan Praveen Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) is an abnormal development of hip joint which when neglected in early age group can lead to joint pain and secondary osteoarthritic changes. Crowe types III and IV neglected DDH joint is widely managed with total hip arthroplasty with subtrochanteric shortening. Case Report: A 52-year-old female presented with neglected DDH joint which was managed in two stages with femoral lowering followed by uncemented total hip arthroplasty without osteotomy. Conclusion: With the two-stage procedure, subtrochanteric shortening which is widely accepted management for neglected DDH and the related complications were avoidable with a satisfactory Harris hip score. Keywords: Developmental dysplasia of hip, arthroplasty, subtrochanteric osteotomy.
Two Discrete Intra-articular Synovial Hemangiomas of a Knee Joint Presenting as Chronic Knee Pain
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Jain Mantu , Varghese Paulson ,   Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Kumar Manjoy ,   Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,, Baisakh Manas ,   Department of Pathology, Prolife Diagnostics, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India., Tripathy Sujit ,   Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Synovial hemangioma (SH) is a rare benign soft-tissue tumor of vascular origin. That can be extraarticular, juxta-articular, or intraarticular. The knee joint is the most common joint involved. Symptoms can be variable and diagnosis can be made using magnetic resonance imaging. Differentials can be ruled out by biopsy and the gold standard treatment is complete excision of the lesion. Case Report: A 20-year-old male presented to outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of right-sided anterior knee pain for 2 years aggravated for 2 months. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging showed two discrete intra-articular lesions. The lesion was hypointense on T1W and hyperintense on T2W and STIR sequence that was enhancing on contrast. There were adjoining dilated vessels. With a provisional diagnosis of hemangioma, FNAC was done and then complete excision was done using a medial parapatellar arthrotomy. The patient is doing well at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: Knee joint SH is a rare presentation to orthopedic outdoors and has slight female predominance with pre-existing history of trauma. In the present study, both cases were of patella-femoral type (anterior and infra-patellar fat pad). For such lesions, en bloc excision is the gold standard procedure to prevent recurrence, same procedure was followed in our study, and good functional outcome was achieved. Keywords: Synovial hemangioma, knee joint, multiple, soft-tissue tumor.
Intraosseous Retrieval of Broken Guide Wire while Fixing Proximal Femur Fractures – A Report of 2 Cases and Review of Literature
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Samant Vinay , Shaikh Ashraf ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Desai Mohan ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Prabhu Rudra ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Sekhrajka Rachit ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Somani Rohit ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward Memorial College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Hardware breakage during surgery is a known risk that may result in serious complications. Drill bits and guide wires are particularly prone to breakage, and if not promptly recognized and removed, can cause damage to intrapelvic structures, or may lead to hip arthritis later. Herein, we present two cases in which broken guide wire fragments were safely retrieved through the same incision, resulting in good outcomes and reduced morbidity. Case Report: In the first case, a broken guide wire piece that had been pushed into the hip joint during intertrochanteric fracture surgery was retrieved using disc forceps after reaming over the same guide tract. In the second case, the broken tip of a partially withdrawn guide wire was removed from a transcervical femur fracture using a cannulated drill bit. Conclusion: Our approach highlights the importance of attempting retrieval of broken hardware through the same tract using unconventional instruments, such as disc forceps, before resorting to more invasive methods, such as arthrotomy or separate incisions. These cases demonstrate the feasibility of this approach and its potential to reduce morbidity associated with hardware retrieval. Keywords: Proximal femur fracture, broken hardware, unconventional methods, drill bits, guide wires, disc forceps.
Unusually Giant Solitary Osteochondroma of the Ilium: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Center at Sumandeep Vidyapeeth and Dhiraj Hospital, Waghodia, Vadodara, India., Jain Mohit J , Kapadiya Shubham S ,   Department of Orthopedics, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Center at Sumandeep Vidyapeeth and Dhiraj Hospital, Waghodia, Vadodara, India., Mutha Yash M ,   Department of Orthopedics, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Center at Sumandeep Vidyapeeth and Dhiraj Hospital, Waghodia, Vadodara, India., Mehta Vatsal J ,   Department of Orthopedics, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Center at Sumandeep Vidyapeeth and Dhiraj Hospital, Waghodia, Vadodara, India., Shah Kshemankar K ,   Department of Orthopedics, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Center at Sumandeep Vidyapeeth and Dhiraj Hospital, Waghodia, Vadodara, India., Agrawal Aditya K ,   Department of Orthopedics, SBKS Medical Institute and Research Center at Sumandeep Vidyapeeth and Dhiraj Hospital, Waghodia, Vadodara, India.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor where a chondrogenic lesion is derived from aberrant cartilage from the perichondral ring. Although it commonly arises from the growing ends of long bones, less commonly, it may arise from the scapula, pelvis, or vertebra. Case Report: We encountered a 16-year-old male patient with a painless left pelvic solid mass for 3 years, which was suggestive of osteochondroma on X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Besides cosmetic issues, the main indication for surgery was the constant discomfort in wearing pants/shorts/belts. He underwent en bloc excision followed by a biopsy of the surgical specimen by two independent histopathologists confirming the tumor to be osteochondroma. He was followed up for 2 years with no signs of post-operative complications or recurrence. This case represents one of the very few reported so affecting the iliac wing, where the excision was performed before skeletal maturation. We also performed a review of the current literature on iliac wing osteochondroma to understand the tumor better, identify gaps in current knowledge, and suggest areas for future research. Conclusion: Since one of the differential diagnoses includes secondary chondrosarcoma, which could be a rare progression of osteochondroma, early recognition and comprehensive evaluation of such unusual cases needs to be dealt with a high index of suspicion to avoid misdiagnosis and to provide effective treatment. Keywords: En bloc excision, ilium, osteochondroma.
Infantile Fibrosarcoma of the Bone: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA,, Tfayli Yehia , Nassar Joseph E ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon., Naja Ahmad Salaheddine ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon., Saghieh Said ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: In adults, fibrosarcoma (FS) of the bone is a rare occurrence. Infantile FS, particularly in the distal radius, is an exceedingly uncommon tumor and, to the best of our knowledge, has not yet been documented in the literature. In the subsequent report, we present a case involving a 2-year-old male diagnosed with primary FS of the distal radius. Case Report: We hereby report the case of a 2-year-old Caucasian boy presenting with primary bone FS in the distal radius. X-rays revealed an osseous mass with an extraosseous component. MRI showed heterogeneous enhancement, suggestive of non-liquefied necrosis or possible fibrosis within the extraosseous soft-tissue component. The patient underwent a resection of the tumor, followed by central translocation of the ulna. Conclusion: Managing infantile FS of the bone requires a multidisciplinary approach. A high index of suspicion is crucial for diagnosing the tumor. Further studies are needed to enhance our approach and management of infantile FS of the bone. Keywords: Fibrosarcoma, Infantile, Surgery.
Forgotten Foreign Bodies Mimicking Osteomyelitis, a Diagnostic Dilemma – A Report of Two Cases
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Gupta Ansh , Ghosh Akash Kumar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Khatri Jaiprakash ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Rangasamy Karthick ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Gopinathan Nirmal Raj ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India., Sudesh Pebam ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The first differential diagnosis for a chronic discharging sinus on an extremity is usually chronic osteomyelitis. These patients are usually treated with surgical debridement and intravenous antibiotics. However, all discharging sinuses are not osteomyelitis. Case Report: We encountered two such cases, initially treated as osteomyelitis, which did not respond to initial surgical debridement and, on further workup, were found to have foreign bodies in situ that mimicked osteomyelitis. The first case is a 1 ½-year-old child with an intact rubber band inside the wrist, presenting with sinuses on the wrist, and the second one is a 12-year-old with an old penetrating injury to the foot through the sole of a rubber slipper. Both patients recovered completely once the foreign bodies were removed. Conclusion: We stress the importance of keeping the possibility of a foreign body in mind in patients with discharging sinuses not responding adequately to debridement and antibiotics. Keywords: Foreign body, rubber band, Dhaga syndrome, osteomyelitis, discharging sinus.
Acute digit ischemia due to a ruptured digital collateral artery aneurysm in a patient of hemophilia: A case report
Authors:   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hand, Upper Limb and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), Paris, France,, Dukan Ruben , Lacroix Maxime ,   Department of Radiology, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), Paris, France,, Bertin Emilie ,   Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hand, Upper Limb and Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), Paris, France,, Reverdito Guillaume ,   Department of Radiology, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), Paris, France,, Fitoussi Franck ,   Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Sorbonne University, Paris, France,, Binder Adeline Cambon ,   Department of Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, Sorbonne University, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Digital artery aneurysms are a rare event but cases have been reported in the literature. The hemostasis disorders make these aneurysms particularly dangerous with potentially irreversible hand complications: Compression of adjacent vascular and nervous structures, embolization of associated thrombi, finger ischemia, and necrosis. Case Report: We reported a case of digital ischemia due to a ruptured aneurysm of a digital collateral artery, leading to the diagnosis of congenital hemophilia A. Hematoma evacuation allowed finger revascularization. Complete symptom resolution required ligature excision associated with Factor VIII supplementation. Conclusion: Aneurysms of the digital collateral arteries are a rare event. In the case of a hemophilic patient, surgical management is necessary, and medical treatment alone is not sufficient. The consequences of a ruptured aneurysm in this type of patient can be serious. A close monitoring is required to ensure the absence of early recurrence. Keywords: Hemophilia, digital aneurysm, ischemia
Closed Mallet Thumb Injury-A Rare Case Report
Authors:   Orthosport Clinic, Vijaya Bank Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,, Sumeeth Pranam , Reddy Harshitha S ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,, Alva Avinash ,   Orthosport Clinic, Vijaya Bank Layout, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,,   Bangalore Hospital, Southend Circle, Bengaluru, India.
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Mallet thumb injuries are uncommon. Traumatic avulsion injury of the extensor pollicis longus leads to significant difficulty. Case Report: A 55-year-old male patient presented with a closed hyper flexion injury to the thumb, resulting in pain and loss of active extension. Clinical examination and x-rays confirmed a soft-tissue mallet injury. The patient was treated non-operatively by immobilizing the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. The patient regained full range of motion. Conclusion: Non-operative treatment for acute closed mallet injury of the thumb provides satisfactory outcomes. It is suitable when a patient presents acutely. Keywords: Mallet thumb injury, closed thumb injury, Extensor pollicis longus rupture, mallet finger injury.
Ipsilateral Knee Dislocation and Ankle Fracture Dislocation
Authors: Salaria Amit Kumar , Vatsyan Kuldeep Chand , Kalia Sandeep , Gupta Lokesh , Rathore Lakshya Prateek , Katoch Punit
Published: November 2023

Introduction: A dislocated knee is a potential limb-threatening injury. Simultaneous dislocation of knee and ankle joint in an ipsilateral limb is a very rare pattern of injury. A few cases of ipsilateral hip and knee dislocation were described in literature. Rare injury such as posterior dislocation knee with ipsilateral ankle fracture dislocation cases was also presented. However, lateral dislocation of knee along with the same side ankle fracture dislocation is a rare scenario. To the best of our knowledge, these two simultaneous lesions do not seem to have been reported previously. Immediate management of such injury is to reduce both joint and stabilization with external fixator and definitive surgery in the second stage when soft-tissue condition allows. Case Report: We describe a rare case of a 37-year-old farmer having injury to his right leg with tiller machine. Lateral right knee dislocation and right ankle fracture dislocation reduced in the emergency department. In emergency OT, external fixator applied for knee and ankle stabilization. When swelling subsides in ankle, fracture fixation is done with plates and screws. Knee fixator is kept for 6 weeks then knee physiotherapy started. Conclusion: Dislocation of any joint is treated as an orthopedic emergency. Simultaneous dislocation of knee and ankle joints in an ipsilateral limb is a challenging situation for even the experienced surgeon. The outcome of such patients varies with associated injuries and time took for relocation and meticulous physical examination, with a high index of clinical suspicion is needed in diagnosing and management of such cases. Keywords: Ipsilateral, dislocation, external fixator.
Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis: A Case Report and Review of Various Osteotomies
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Mehta Gayatri , Agrawal Tushar ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Jain Deepak ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Singh Sanjeev ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Congenital radioulnar synostosis is a rare deformity of the forearm characterized by a malformation of the proximal aspect of the radius and ulna. Various modalities of treatment options available include observation, excision of the synostosis and placing an interposition material, or performing derotation osteotomy. Several types of osteotomies at different forearm levels have been described in the literature. Case Report: A 5-year-old female presented with bilateral congenital radioulnar synostosis which was treated with percutaneous corrective osteotomy and Joshi’s external stabilizing system fixator application. Conclusion: We describe the management of congenital radioulnar synostosis in a 5-year-old female child using a novel minimally invasive, single-staged procedure. This innovative technique provided the patient with a good functional outcome and she could return to her daily activities with a satisfactory range of motion. Keywords: Congenital, synostosis, radioulnar, osteotomies.