bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity of the Suicide Assessment Checklist in an Emergency Crisis Center
Authors: Rogers James R. , Lewis Mary Miller , Subich Linda Mezydlo
Published: December 2011

Validity of the Suicide Assessment Checklist (SAC; J. R. Rogers, 1990) was investigated in a sample of 1,969 admissions to a psychiatric emergency crisis center. Internal consistency reliability for rated items of the SAC was .87. Supporting construct‐related validity, total score differences were found in the expected directions as a function of referral reason. Convergent validity was based on observed correlations between selected SAC items and conceptually similar items on the Beck Depression Inventory (A. T. Beck, 1970). Supporting criterion‐related validity, total score differences in the expected directions were found as a function of disposition setting. Recommendations are made for the use of the SAC in the practice of counseling.
Incarcerated and Court‐Involved Adolescents: Counseling an At‐Risk Population
Authors: Granello Paul F. , Hanna Fred J.
Published: December 2011

In this article, the authors provide the counselor wishing to work with incarcerated adolescents with background information relating to the current scope of the problem and the current state of the juvenile justice system in the United States. The authors also review the current research regarding juvenile delinquency and outline a series of clinical techniques. The authors close by providing a developmental framework for enhancing the understanding of and guiding treatment for this difficult population.
Incidence, Explanations, and Treatment of Partner Violence
Authors: Lawson David M.
Published: December 2011

Partner violence is a societal problem that cuts across all socioeconomic and racial/ethnic lines. Approximately 50% to 60% of couples presenting for counseling have reported at least 1 incident of violence in their relationship history. Many counselors are ill equipped to work with partner violence cases. This article provides an overview of partner violence research as it pertains to incidence, partner abuse typologies, etiology/explanation, and treatment. Developmental and integrated models for explaining and treating partner abuse are given particular consideration.
Domestic Violence Between Same‐Sex Partners: Implications for Counseling
Authors: Peterman Linda M. , Dixon Charlotte G.
Published: December 2011

Over the past 2 decades, awareness and concern about the incidence and severity of domestic violence have increased. Although information about domestic violence has grown, much of the literature does not address domestic violence between same‐sex partners. This article discusses the dynamics of domestic violence between partners of the same sex. The social and cultural issues in the gay and lesbian communities play a large part in perpetuating the myths of domestic violence, which keeps the abuse hidden. This article is based on an extensive review of the literature and a clinical consensus among experts in the field.
Environmental, Social, and Psychological Experiences of Asian American Undergraduates: Examining Issues of Academic Persistence
Authors: Gloria Alberta M. , Ho Tamara A.
Published: December 2011

A total of 160 Asian Americans (55 Chinese, 13 Filipino, 27 Japanese, 32 Korean, 15 Pacific Islander, and 18 Vietnamese) completed a series of standardized instruments assessing their environmental, social, and psychological experiences as undergraduates. The purpose of this study was threefold: to provide a composite of student experiences; to investigate the interrelationships of comfort in the university environment, social support, and self‐beliefs; and to examine the influence of these constructs on the academic persistence decisions of Asian American undergraduates. Overall, social support variables were the strongest predictors of academic persistence. Research‐derived implications for university personnel and professional counselors are provided.
The Evolution of Ethics: Personal Perspectives of ACA Ethics Committee Chairs
Authors: Walden Susan L. , Herlihy Barbara , Ashton Lauri
Published: December 2011

This article presents a survey of the American Counseling Association Ethics Committee chairs regarding their experiences, learning, and insights in the area of professional counselor ethics resulting from their service on the committee. In addition, ethics chairs reflect on current and future trends in counselor ethics.
Building Cultures of Peace: An Urgent Task for Counseling Professionals
Authors: Gerstein Lawrence H. , Moeschberger Scott L.
Published: December 2011

The authors review articles in a 2001 special issue of Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology (A. Brenes & M. Wessells, 2001b) devoted to building cultures of peace. Counselor educators are offered suggestions on how to prepare counselors to successfully create cultures of peace in a variety of communities. Recommendations for how counselors may construct and research cultures of peace are also discussed.
Accreditation Standards for University and College Counseling Centers
Authors: Boyd Vivian , Hattauer Edward , Brandel Irvin W. , Buckles Nancy , Davidshofer Charles , Deakin Spencer , Erskine Charlene , Hurley George , Locher Linda , Piorkowski Geraldine , Simono R. B. (Sam) , Spivack James , Steel Catherine M.
Published: December 2011

The accreditation standards outlined in the article are used by the International Association of Counseling Services as the basis for the formal accreditation of college and university counseling programs throughout the United States, Canada, and Australia. They reflect the program elements and practice standards that are deemed essential in a counseling center that provides high‐quality services to students.
An Analysis of How Carl Rogers Enacted Client‐Centered Conversation With Gloria
Authors: Wickman Scott A. , Campbell Cynthia
Published: December 2011

This study analyzed Carl Rogers's session with Gloria in Three Approaches to Psychotherapy (E. L. Shostrom, 1965a) to determine how Rogers's conversational style functioned to enact his core conditions of empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. Rogers's conversational style was found to be congruent with his espoused theory as well as a catalyst for client‐centered counseling. The authors suggest that despite the film's popularity, the “client‐centeredness” of the therapeutic interaction between Carl Rogers and Gloria has been previously underrecognized.
Counselor Ethnicity, Counselor Nonverbal Behavior, and Session Outcome With Asian American Clients: Initial Findings
Authors: Kim Bryan S. K. , Liang Christopher T. H. , Li Lisa C.
Published: December 2011

Five Asian American and 5 European American female counselors each saw 3 Asian American volunteer clients for 1 session of career‐focused individual counseling. Examination of counselor nonverbal behaviors revealed that European American counselors displayed significantly greater frequency of adaptors, postural shifts, and smiles than did Asian American counselors. The frequency of smiles was significantly positively correlated with client‐rated session positivity and session arousal, and the frequency of postural shifts was significantly positively correlated with client‐rated session arousal. Limitations and implications of the findings are described.
A Transcultural Integrative Model for Ethical Decision Making in Counseling
Authors: Garcia Jorge G. , Cartwright Brenda , Winston Stacey M. , Borzuchowska Barbara
Published: December 2011

The Transcultural Integrative Ethical Decision‐Making Model in counseling addresses the need for including cultural factors in the process of ethical dilemma resolution. This transcultural model incorporates state‐of‐the‐art concepts from multicultural theory into an ethical decision‐making model that is adapted primarily from the Integrative Model developed by V. M. Tarvydas (1998). When appropriate, this transcultural model includes aspects of other ethical resolution models, such as R. R. Cottone's (2001) Social Constructivist Model and A. H. Davis's (1997) Collaborative Model. The proposed model is presented in a step‐by‐step, linear format that can be used by counselors facing ethical dilemmas in a variety of settings and with different cultural groups.
Implementing and Expanding on Carkhuff's Training Technology
Authors: Baumgarten Ernest , Roffers Tony
Published: December 2011

This article describes the implementation and expansion of Robert Carkhuff's Training Technology to maximize trainees' skill transfer to applied settings and to maximize their ability to integrate various theoretical orientations into their counseling repertoire. The article summarizes training outcomes and invites counselor educators to demonstrate the effectiveness of their training program by measuring their students' skill levels with actual clients in the field.
Overcoming Interpersonal Offenses: Is Forgiveness the Only Way to Deal With Unforgiveness?
Authors: Wade Nathaniel G. , Worthington Everett L.
Published: December 2011

Almost everyone is unforgiving at times. Many people seek to deal with the revenge and avoidance of unforgiveness by forgiving. The authors explore potential predictors of unforgiveness and forgiveness for a specific offense in 91 undergraduates. Positive feelings of forgiveness were uniquely predicted by dispositional forgivingness and by the participants' deliberate attempt to forgive the offense. Different patterns of predictors suggest that unforgiveness and forgiveness are not necessarily reciprocally related. This implies that interventions might be developed to reduce unforgiveness without attempting to promote forgiveness. This may be crucial in situations where forgiveness is not desirable.
Relationship of Attachment and Social Support to College Students' Adjustment Following a Relationship Breakup
Authors: Moller Naomi P. , Fouladi Rachel T. , McCarthy Christopher J. , Hatch Katharine D.
Published: December 2011

Two constructs integral to adolescent development, continuing parental attachment and social support, were investigated to assess whether the constructs are differentially related to indices of adjustment following a romantic relationship breakup. Participants were 241 undergraduate students (M age = 20.62 years, 61% female, 39% male) with a relationship breakup within the last year. As hypothesized, hierarchical regression analyses showed that current attachment levels were related to the outcome variables. Indices of social support accounted for additional variance only when broadly conceptualized as perceived connection to the social environment, rather than perceived support from family and friends. Implications for counseling are discussed.
White Racial Identity Development and Religious Orientation
Authors: Sciarra Daniel T. , Gushue George V.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated psychological dimensions of race and religion by examining the relationship between the White racial identity statuses proposed by J. E. Helms (1984, 1990d, 1995), Contact, Disintegration, Reintegration, Pseudo‐Independence, Immersion/Emersion, and Autonomy, and 4 forms of religious orientation, intrinsic, extrinsic, fundamentalism, and quest. Participants included 233 undergraduates from a public university in the southeastern United States. They completed the White Racial Identity Attitudes Scale (J. E. Helms & R. T. Carter, 1990), 3 measures of religious orientation, and a demographic questionnaire. A canonical correlation analysis found 3 significant canonical pairs suggesting that higher and more complex racial identity statuses may be positively related to more integrated and flexible forms of religious orientation. Implications for counseling are noted.
Preventing Vicarious Trauma: What Counselors Should Know When Working With Trauma Survivors
Authors: Trippany Robyn L. , Kress Victoria E. White , Wilcoxon S. Allen
Published: December 2011

Counselors in all settings work with clients who are survivors of trauma. Vicarious trauma, or counselors developing trauma reactions secondary to exposure to clients' traumatic experiences, is not uncommon. The purpose of this article is to describe vicarious trauma and summarize the recent research literature related to this construct. The Constructivist Self‐Development Theory (CSDT) is applied to vicarious trauma, and the implications CSDT has for counselors in preventing and managing vicarious trauma are explored.
Thoughts on Knowing: Epistemic Implications of Counseling Practice
Authors: Hansen James T.
Published: December 2011

There are various ways to conceptualize the process of knowing, or epistemology, as it applies to the counseling situation. However, the essential elements of the epistemic literature are often difficult to grasp. The author reviews various epistemic systems, clarifies the ways they enrich the understanding of counseling processes, and proposes a meta‐epistemic system that integrates the elements of the competing systems. He discusses implications of this system for the practice of counseling and provides illustrative case examples.
Predicting Sexual Satisfaction in Women: Implications for Counselor Education and Training
Authors: Bridges Sara K. , Lease Suzanne H. , Ellison Carol R.
Published: December 2011

The authors examined how physical affection in the family of origin, partner initiation and communication, and masturbatory practices predicted 4 measures of sexual satisfaction. Participants in this national study were 2,632 women who volunteered to complete a survey on women's sexuality. Results showed that partner initiation and communication most strongly predicted female sexual satisfaction regardless of how it was measured. Implications for counselor education and training are discussed, and directions for further study are suggested.
Road Rage: Risk Factors, Assessment, and Intervention Strategies
Authors: Sharkin Bruce S.
Published: December 2011

Incidents of angry and aggressive driving, often referred to as “road rage,” are becoming more and more commonplace in everyday driving. Many people might benefit from counseling interventions to help manage driving anger and aggression. This article provides a review of research on road rage risk factors, a description of inventories for assessing angry and aggressive driving tendencies, and a discussion of intervention strategies to reduce angry driving behavior.
The Continuum Versus Categorical Debate on Eating Disorders: Implications for Counselors
Authors: Perosa Linda M. , Perosa Sandra L.
Published: December 2011

The authors summarize a study by D. A. Williamson et al. (2002) in which clinical groups with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, eating disorder not otherwise specified, and binge eating disorder were contrasted with nonclinical groups of participants (i.e., obese and normal weight). The eating disorder groups were qualitatively different. Also, bulimia nervosa, purging and nonpurging types, may fall on a continuum of pathology with the binge‐eating, purging type of anorexia. Anorexia nervosa, restricting type, may be distinct from bulimia nervosa, purging and nonpurging types, and the binge‐eating, purging type of anorexia.
Report of the ACA Ethics Committee: 2002–2003
Authors: Hubert Robert M. , Freeman Larry T.
Published: December 2011

This report summarizes the activities of the American Counseling Association (ACA) Ethics Committee during the period of July 1, 2002, through June 30, 2003. Summary data of the complaints filed and the inquiries received are presented.
Seven Salutary Suggestions for Counselor Stamina
Authors: Osborn Cynthia J.
Published: December 2011

Counselor stamina is deemed essential in the midst of a consistently challenging, complex, and changing mental health care environment. Rather than perpetuating conversations about “burnout” and “burnout prevention,” this article provides a salutary or health‐promoting perspective. Seven suggestions for counselor stamina are presented and discussed, based on a review of the literature and the author's reflections on clinical practice today. Each suggestion corresponds to 1 of the 7 letters in the word stamina.
Children and Psychotropic Medication: What Role Should Advocacy Counseling Play?
Authors: Ingersoll R. Elliott , Bauer Ann , Burns Laura
Published: December 2011

There are currently millions of children with mental and emotional symptoms who are being treated with psychotropic medication. The authors critique such treatment and suggest that advocacy counseling is a responsible approach to balance the power of both the pharmaceutical companies and the medical model in the mental health arena.
Supporting a Nation of Learners: The Role of School Counseling in Educational Reform
Authors: Dahir Carol A.
Published: December 2011

The most recent school reform agenda directed the development of national standards across the academic content areas to improve educational practice and pedagogy. U.S. Department of Education's (1994) Goals 2000: The Educate America Act and its subsequent nationwide implementation largely ignored the involvement of school counseling in school reform efforts. Counselors in schools face the challenge of preparing students to meet the expectations of these higher academic standards and to become well‐educated and contributing members of an ever changing and complex society. The development of the National Standards for School Counseling Programs (American School Counselor Association, 2003) positioned school counseling to play an increasingly important role in contemporary school improvement and in support of the recent educational legislative agenda the No Child Left Behind Act (U.S. Department of Education, 2001).
Using the Developmental Counseling and Therapy Model to Work With a Client in Spiritual Bypass: Some Preliminary Considerations
Authors: Cashwell Craig S. , Myers Jane E. , Shurts W. Matthew
Published: December 2011

At a time when attention to spirituality within the counseling profession is unparalleled, 1 potential problem is that clients who engage in spiritual bypass will be supported in this dysfunctional pattern by their counselor. The purpose of this article is to define and describe spiritual bypass and to discuss the use of the developmental counseling and therapy model to assess and intervene with a client who is in spiritual bypass.
Advocacy for the Counseling Profession: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Myers Jane E. , Sweeney Thomas J.
Published: December 2011

Seventy‐one leaders in state, regional, and national professional and credentialing associations in counseling responded to a survey concerning professional advocacy efforts, resources, obstacles, and needs. The results indicate a variety of ongoing advocacy initiatives, specific needs for resources and interprofessional collaboration, and agreement on the importance of advocacy for the future of the profession.
Assessment of Bullying: A Review of Methods and Instruments
Authors: Crothers Laura M. , Levinson Edward M.
Published: December 2011

Childhood bullying has become recognized as a significant, pervasive form of school violence. Because of its deleterious effect on both victims' and bullies' current and future functioning, it is imperative that school personnel such as counselors engage in assessment techniques as the 1st step in a coordinated, systemic antibullying effort. The authors discuss multiple methods and instruments to use in assessing bullying in schools and provide guidelines for counselors in choosing the appropriate measurement for their needs.
Spirituality and Religion: Implications for Counselors
Authors: Hall Charla R. , Dixon Wayne A. , Mauzey Edward D.
Published: December 2011

In recent years, the topics of spirituality and religion have become more evident in the counseling literature. It seems logical that these areas could be of great interest to those in the counseling profession. This article summarizes W. R. Miller and C. E. Thoresen's (2003) overview of the field of research dealing with spirituality, religion, and health. Possible roles for spirituality and religion in counselor education and school counseling are highlighted.
Multicultural Counseling and the Orthodox Jew
Authors: Schnall Eliezer
Published: December 2011

The cultural diversity literature largely ignores the effects of religion, and especially Judaism, on counseling and psychotherapy. The author reviews the meager and mostly anecdotal accounts relating to Orthodox Jews in the literature of several related disciplines, including counseling, social work, psychology, and psychiatry. The objective is to identify the barriers, institutional and personal, that must be overcome before the Orthodox Jew can receive adequate mental health care and to suggest recommendations for clinical practice.
Depressive Symptoms, Coping Strategies, and Disordered Eating Among College Women
Authors: VanBoven Amy M. , Espelage Dorothy L.
Published: December 2011

In a 2‐phase study with a total of 392 participants, depressive symptoms mediated the association between disordered eating and lower problem‐solving confidence and an avoidance problem‐solving style. Depressive symptoms did not mediate the association between the ability to generate competent solutions to hypothetical stressful situations and disordered eating. Depressive symptoms appeared to influence responses to problem‐solving inventories/coping checklists but had less of an influence on open‐ended problem‐solving measures.
Book Review of Suicide Across the Life Span: Implications for Counselors
Authors: Kenny Maureen C.
Published: December 2011

Book reviewed in this article:

Suicide Across the Life Span: Implications for Counselors by David Capuzzi (Ed.), 2004
Cognitive‐Behavioral Tasks Accomplished in a Person‐Centered Relational Framework
Authors: Tursi Michael M. , Cochran Jeff L.
Published: December 2011

The authors propose a person‐centered relational framework in which C. R. Rogers's (1957) core conditions remain the primary catalyst of therapeutic change and cognitive‐behavioral work is accomplished while adhering to person‐centered principles. Important ideas asserted include the following: Cognitive‐behavioral tasks occur naturally within the person‐centered approach, knowledge of cognitive‐behavioral theory can increase counselor empathy, and cognitive‐behavioral techniques can be carefully applied within a person‐centered relational framework. Finally, the person‐centered relational framework with other theories is addressed.
Lived Stories: Participatory Leadership in School Counseling
Authors: Lewis Rolla E. , Borunda Rose
Published: December 2011

The article is a personal and professional account by 2 counselor educators who worked together as professional school counselors in the same high school setting. Both reflect on the “storied” nature of their professional development and define participatory leadership in school counseling as emerging from engagement and participation in collaborative efforts to bring about systemic change in schools by advocating for all students, especially those who have been traditionally marginalized.
Legal and Ethical Implications of Refusing to Counsel Homosexual Clients
Authors: Hermann Mary A. , Herlihy Barbara Richter
Published: December 2011

In 2001, a federal appeals court upheld the job termination of a counselor who requested being excused from counseling a lesbian client on relationship issues because homosexuality conflicted with the counselor's religious beliefs (Bruff v. North Mississippi Health Services, Inc., 2001). This article provides the facts of the case and the legal reasoning of the court. The authors also explore the legal and ethical issues related to this case.
Book Review of Minding Spirituality
Authors: Sandage Steven J.
Published: December 2011

Book reviewed in this article:

Minding Spirituality by Randall L. Sorenson, 2004
Integrating Positive Psychology Into Counseling: Why and (When Appropriate) How
Authors: Harris Alex H. S. , Thoresen Carl E. , Lopez Shane J.
Published: December 2011

Counseling psychology has a historical commitment to enhancing human strengths, a focus that has enjoyed broader interest with the recent emergence of positive psychology. However, theory and evidence linking strength enhancement to counseling goals are still relatively nascent. The authors outline rationales and practical strategies for integrating strength promotion into counseling practice. Forgiveness and spirituality are used as examples illustrating the opportunities, limitations, and challenges of making strength promotion practical (and reimbursable) in counseling.
Integrating Theory and Research: The Development of a Research‐Based Treatment Program for Juvenile Male Sex Offenders
Authors: Calley Nancy G.
Published: December 2011

A research‐based treatment model designed to effectively address identified factors related to juvenile sexual offending behaviors is presented. Current research, theory, and national standards related to juvenile sexual offending are each explored with the treatment model reflecting an integration of these 3 components. The use of counseling skills is included throughout the model to further illustrate the application of theory and the role of the counselor in the treatment of this special population
Content Analysis of Suicide Notes as a Test of the Motivational Component of the Existential‐Constructivist Model of Suicide
Authors: Rogers James R. , Bromley Jamie L. , McNally Christopher J. , Lester David
Published: December 2011

A sample of 40 suicide notes were analyzed for motivational content in relation to an existential‐constructivist theory of suicide. Results generally supported the 4 theoretical categories of somatic, relational, spiritual, and psychological motivations, with 39 notes having content that could be classified according to the aforementioned categories. Psychological motivations were found to be the most prevalent, followed by relational, spiritual, and somatic concerns. Notes of completed suicides included more relational motivations than did those of suicide attempters, and older writers of notes showed more psychological and fewer spiritual motivations than did younger writers. Recommendations are offered for revising the theory to provide a stronger meaning‐based understanding of suicidal behavior.
Prescription Opioid Abuse and Dependence: Assessment Strategies for Counselors
Authors: Weigel Daniel J. , Donovan Kimberly A. , Krug Kevin S. , Dixon Wayne A.
Published: December 2011

The authors review the article “Prescription Drug Use and Abuse: Risk Factors, Red Flags, and Prevention Strategies” (J. H. Isaacson, J. A. Hopper, D. P. Alford, & T. Parran, 2005), which provides an overview of the recent increase in prescription opioid abuse and dependence from the physician's perspective. In the present article, the authors discuss the counselor's role in identifying issues related to client misuse and abuse of prescription opioids. Associated terminology, common drug acquisition strategies, and signs of problematic use are provided and discussed.
An Interview With Sunny Hansen: Pioneer and Innovator in Counseling and Career Development
Authors: Skovholt Thomas S. , Hage Sally M. , Kachgal Mera M. , Gama Elizabeth Pinheiro
Published: December 2011

During her 45‐year career, Sunny Hansen was a pioneer and innovator in counseling and career development. She has lived the holistic life about which she writes and teaches. In this interview, she discussed the major influences on her life, the evolution of her professional career from English and journalism teacher to counselor and counselor educator, and her teaching and scholarship. She also shared her insights on balancing life roles, holistic life planning, and the counselor as a change agent.
Should Counseling Be Considered a Health Care Profession? Critical Thoughts on the Transition to a Health Care Ideology
Authors: Hansen James T.
Published: December 2011

The counseling profession has increasingly identified with health care ideology. The logical justifications for this transition are critically examined. Ideological and practical consequences of the health care transition are also considered. The author concludes that the usual ways of justifying the transition to health care are insufficient and that this transition has generally had negative consequences for the counseling profession.
The On‐Site Mentor of Counseling Interns: Perceptions of Ideal Role and Actual Role Performance
Authors: Lazovsky Rivka , Shimoni Aviva
Published: December 2011

This study examined the role of the ideal on‐site mentor and the actual mentor's role performance, as perceived by 158 mentor counselors and 171 school counseling interns. Results indicated that the ideal mentor's professional traits were given priority by both groups and that the teacher role was the most salient among role domains. In the actual role performance, the 2 groups differed regarding the perceived contribution of the mentor‐specific behaviors in each examined role domain.
Addressing Privilege and Oppression in Counselor Training and Practice: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Hays Danica G. , Dean Jennifer K. , Chang Catherine Y.
Published: December 2011

This qualitative study explored how 16 counselors conceptualize and address issues of privilege and oppression in the counseling session as well as how they perceive their training with respect to these constructs. In an effort to bridge multicultural training and counselor practice, implications for counselor training are provided based on the clinical and academic experiences counselors reported. Additionally, future research directions are included.
Predictors of Counselor Educators' Cultural Discriminatory Behaviors
Authors: Miller Kenneth L. , Miller Susan M. , Stull Judith C.
Published: December 2011

Purposes of this study were to (a) examine relationships among counselor educators' attitudes, behaviors, and perceptions of institutional support concerning race, gender, sexual orientation, and social class and (b) investigate the effects of attitudes and institutional perceptions on behaviors. A nationwide sample of 154 counseling faculty completed the Survey of Cultural Attitudes and Behaviors (K. L. Miller & S. M. Miller, 1997). Faculty attitudes directly predicted behaviors. Perceptions of institutional support directly and indirectly predicted behaviors. The authors identify strategies for modifying discriminatory behaviors.
So Why Aren't Counselors Reporting n = 1 Research Designs?
Authors: Sharpley Christopher F.
Published: December 2011

There is a growing urgency for counseling to be evidence based. The n = 1 research paradigm offers counselors in the field an opportunity to evaluate their clinical casework and report this in methodologically rigorous form to their peers. Data from the past 20 years of the Journal of Counseling & Development indicate that n = 1 studies constitute just over 1% of the total articles reporting research data, and possible reasons for this are discussed, with some suggestions made for overcoming this reluctance.
The Escalating Incidence of Suicide Among African Americans: Implications for Counselors
Authors: Day‐Vines Norma L.
Published: December 2011

Suicide rates have soared among African Americans within the past 2 decades. Curiously, this fact remains poorly understood within and outside the African American community. This article includes a review of M. Compton, N. Thompson, and N. Kaslow's (2005) study, recently published inSocial Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, and identifies important implications for counseling professionals.
Book Review ofCrisis and Trauma: Developmental‐Ecological Intervention
Authors: Guiffrida Douglas , Douthit Kathryn Z.
Published: December 2011

Book reviewed in this article:

Crisis and Trauma: Developmental‐Ecological Interventionby Barbara G. Collins & Thomas M. Collins (Eds.), 2005
Counseling Without Truth: Toward a Neopragmatic Foundation for Counseling Practice
Authors: Hansen James T.
Published: December 2011

The author presents an overview of contemporary developments in philosophy regarding the status of truth and discusses the implications of these ideas for the practice of counseling. Counseling without truth is presented as a desirable option when a neopragmatic frame of reference is adopted.
The Eating Disorders Continuum, Self‐Esteem, and Perfectionism
Authors: Peck Lisa D. , Lightsey Owen Richard
Published: December 2011

Among 261 undergraduate women, increased severity of eating disorders along a continuum was associated with decreased self‐esteem, increased perfectionism, and increased scores on 7 subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory‐2. Women with eating disorders differed from both symptomatic women and asymptomatic women on all variables, whereas symptomatic women differed from asymptomatic women only on self‐esteem, perfectionism, ineffectiveness, body dissatisfaction, and interoceptive awareness. Discriminant analysis correctly classified 45.2% of the women with eating disorders and 59% of the overall sample.
Validating the Developmental Pathway of Forgiveness
Authors: Knutson Jeanette , Enright Robert , Garbers Benjamin
Published: December 2011

The validity of the Process Model of Forgiveness (R. D. Enright, 2001) was examined by asking 82 adults to reflect and report on how they went about forgiving someone who had hurt them unfairly and deeply. Respondents' sequential ordering of the forgiveness process was compared with the theoretical ordering. Results showed moderate correlations between the participant derived and theoretically derived sequences. Although shown to be statistically valid, the model could benefit from revisions based on the participants' report of their own forgiveness experiences.
Gone but Not Forgotten: Council Leaders, 1934–1952
Authors: Sheeley Vernon Lee , Stickle Fred E.
Published: December 2011

The authors summarize the contributions of several leaders of the American Council of Guidance and Personnel Associations, explaining that the counseling profession owes its origin to a coalition of professional organization leaders who were committed to guidance and personnel services. In explaining these leaders' contributions, the authors provide readers with an opportunity to connect a part of the American Counseling Association's past with the present.
Challenges and Promises of Becoming a Culturally Competent Counselor in a Sociopolitical Era of Change and Empowerment
Authors: Arredondo Patricia , Tovar‐Blank Zoila G. , Parham Thomas A.
Published: December 2011

This article explores the historical and sociopolitical contexts of the multicultural competency movement and the challenges and promise of becoming a culturally competent counselor. Specific attention is directed to the promise and opportunity for those who commit to a culturally competent personal and professional way of life.
In Search of Common Threads: Linking Multicultural, Feminist, and Social Justice Counseling Paradigms
Authors: Crethar Hugh C. , Rivera Edil Torres , Nash Sara
Published: December 2011

Multicultural, feminist, and social justice counseling theories are often viewed as disparate helping models. This article examines the complementary nature of these models and discusses the need to promote a clearer understanding of the ways in which these common threads can be used in counseling practice.
Infusing Professional Ethics Into Counselor Education Programs: A Multicultural/Social Justice Perspective
Authors: Pack‐Brown Sherlon P. , Thomas Tequilla L. , Seymour Jennifer M.
Published: December 2011

Multiculturalism and social justice counseling issues influence counselors' ethical thinking and behavior. Counselor educators are responsible for facilitating students' understanding of the relevance of multicultural/social justice counseling issues and ethical standards for professional practices. Added insights in these areas aid students to work within a culturally diverse society. This article focuses on the importance of addressing these complex issues by outlining strategies to infuse ethics into counselor education programs from a multicultural/social justice counseling perspective.
Promoting the Mental Health of Immigrants: A Multicultural/Social Justice Perspective
Authors: Chung Rita Chi‐Ying , Bemak Fred , Ortiz Diana P. , Sandoval‐Perez Paola A.
Published: December 2011

Immigration is a major factor that is greatly contributing to the unprecedented demographic changes that are presently occurring in the United States. This article discusses the challenges encountered by immigrants, taking into account the historical, sociopolitical, economic, cultural, and psychological factors that contribute to successful adjustment and adaptation to their new environment. In doing so, it outlines a new theoretical approach to working with this unique cultural group that is embedded in a multicultural/social justice helping perspective.
Assessing Multicultural Competence: Perceived Versus Demonstrated Performance
Authors: Cartwright Brenda Y. , Daniels Judy , Zhang Shuqiang
Published: December 2011

This study compares self‐report scores generated by the Multicultural Awareness Knowledge Skills Survey‐Counselor Edition‐Revised (B. S. K. Kim, B. Y. Cartwright, P. A. Asay, & M. J. D'Andrea, 2003) with independent observer ratings of actual videotaped demonstrations of multicultural competence in response to a preselected case vignette. Implications for counselor training and future research are discussed.
Racial Microaggressions Against Black Americans: Implications for Counseling
Authors: Sue Derald Wing , Nadal Kevin L. , Capodilupo Christina M. , Lin Annie I. , Torino Gina C. , Rivera David P.
Published: December 2011

Racial microaggression themes were identified using a focus‐group analysis of self‐identified Black participants. Six categories of demeaning and invalidating messages reflected beliefs of White supremacy that were unintentionally conveyed by perpetrators. Implications for counselors and the counseling process are discussed.
Preparation, Action, Recovery: A Conceptual Framework for Counselor Preparation and Response in Client Crises
Authors: III Charles R. McAdams , Keener Harry J.
Published: December 2011

Despite increasing requirements for counselor proficiency in crisis response, there is an absence in the standards for counselor preparation, certification, and supervision of consistent criteria on which best practice in crisis prevention and intervention, and postcrisis recovery can be gauged. The authors present a conceptual framework that defines the actions required at the different phases of a client crisis and identifies potential constraints to effective counselor action that must be acknowledged and overcome at each phase.
Reviewing Videotape in Supervision: A Developmental Approach
Authors: Huhra Rachel L. , Yamokoski‐Maynhart Cynthia A. , Prieto Loreto R.
Published: December 2011

The authors review the extant literature on the use of videotape technology in supervision and, on the basis of an empirically supported developmental model of supervision, offer guidelines to supervisors on the use of videotape feedback. Suggestions are also offered for future research in this area.
Facilitating Online Counseling: Perspectives From Counselors in Training
Authors: Haberstroh Shane , Parr Gerald , Bradley Loretta , Morgan‐Fleming Barbara , Gee Robert
Published: December 2011

To address the need for research regarding online counseling, the authors explore the experiences of 4 female and 2 male Caucasian counseling students who facilitated 5 chat‐based online counseling sessions. Conducting semistructured interviews based in grounded theory methods, the authors discuss technological barriers, counseling without visual and verbal cues, online counseling techniques, counseling from home, and factors related to the pace of the sessions. They suggest that online counseling requires specific technical, ethical, and clinical considerations.
Psychosocial Symptoms and Poor Insight as Predictors of Homicidality Among Clients With Psychosis: Implications for Counseling Practice and Research
Authors: Schwartz Robert C.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether psychological symptoms, negative social events, treatment‐related information, and degree of insight into one's illness predicted current homidicality in a population of clients with psychosis (N = 170). Multiple regression analyses revealed that homicidality can be reliably predicted when clients manifest more severe symptoms of mania and less awareness of their need for treatment. Clinical and research implications are discussed as they relate to the counseling profession.
Wellness Counseling: The Evidence Base for Practice
Authors: Myers Jane E. , Sweeney Thomas J.
Published: December 2011

Wellness conceptualized as the paradigm for counseling provides strength‐based strategies for assessing clients, conceptualizing issues developmentally, and planning interventions to remediate dysfunction and optimize growth. Wellness counseling models have stimulated significant research that helps to form the evidence base for practice in the counseling field. The development of these models is explained, results of studies using the models are reviewed, and implications for research needed to further inform clinical practice and advocacy efforts are discussed.
Emotional Abuse in the Classroom: Implications and Interventions for Counselors
Authors: McEachern Adriana G. , Aluede Oyaziwo , Kenny Maureen C.
Published: December 2011

Emotional abuse of students by teachers is a topic infrequently discussed in the child abuse literature. In some classrooms, it can be a daily occurrence. This article defines emotional abuse and discusses the types of classroom behaviors teachers may demonstrate that are emotionally abusive to students. The role of school‐based counselors in the prevention and treatment of emotional abuse is discussed.
A Scholarly Writing Resource for Counselor Educators and Their Students
Authors: Lambie Glenn W. , Sias Shari M. , Davis Keith M. , Lawson Gerard , Akos Patrick
Published: December 2011

Graduate students and new faculty in counselor education are often required to contribute scholarly works. However, graduate schools do not always provide appropriate preparation in scholarly writing. This article outlines the basic components of a scholarly manuscript or paper, identifies prevalent writing errors, and offers suggestions for how counselor educators can teach and mentor new faculty and their students.
Reaching for Independence: Counseling Implications for Youth With Spina Bifida
Authors: Brislin Dawn C.
Published: December 2011

Spina bifida, a congenital physical disability, is indirectly associated with difficulties in scholastic achievement, social development, and self‐determination. Environment can have an impact on psychosocial development and impede functioning academically, socially, and vocationally. Counselors must be aware of the societal atmosphere to identify potential difficulties and more efficiently meet the needs of children and adolescents with spina bifida.
Adolescent Diabetic Control: Using the Process‐Person‐Context‐Time Model
Authors: Liles Robin Guill , Juhnke Gerald A.
Published: December 2011

This investigation used the Process‐Person‐Context‐Time Model (U. Bronfenbrenner, 1979, 1995) to study adolescent diabetic control. The dependent variable was a blood test measuring diabetic control (i.e., HbA1 C [glycosylated hemoglobin]). Independent variables included adolescent/maternal perceptions of family environment and communication, blood glucose monitoring frequency, age of disease onset, disease duration, race/ethnicity, gender, and mother's education level. Stepwise regression revealed that glucose monitoring and problem communication explained 17% of the variance.
Assessing Multicultural Competence in Counselor Trainees: A Review of Instrumentation and Future Directions
Authors: Hays Danica G.
Published: December 2011

As the diversity within the U.S. population continues to increase, multicultural counseling competency (MCC) remains a central focus in counselor education and research. Accordingly, assessment of competencies is necessary to ensure culturally appropriate counseling services to an increasingly diverse clientele. This article discusses available tools for evaluating counselors' awareness, knowledge, and skills for working with culturally diverse clients, as well as new directions and trends in MCC assessment.
Serving Clients With Hearing Loss: Best Practices in Mental Health Counseling
Authors: Fusick Lisa
Published: December 2011

This article examines the risk factors and characteristics of clients with hearing loss, including inequitable access to education and mental health care services, financial barriers, communication problems, and societal discrimination. Culturally specific counseling approaches and techniques for mental health counselors serving clients with hearing loss are presented, with a focus on building counselor competency and client employment skills. The use of interpreters in therapeutic settings is also discussed.
Best Practices for Counseling in Cardiac Rehabilitation Settings
Authors: Sheikh Alia I. , Marotta Sylvia A.
Published: December 2011

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and can affect individuals of all ages, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This article reviews the research on psychosocial interventions in cardiac rehabilitation programs and discusses the evolving set of best practices for counselors working in a new setting with people who have experienced the trauma of cardiac disease. Recommendations for best practices for counselors who work in this emerging area are provided, including recommendations for facilitating posttraumatic growth.
Promoting Systemic Change Through the ACA Advocacy Competencies
Authors: Toporek Rebecca L. , Lewis Judith A. , Crethar Hugh C.
Published: December 2011

In 2003, the American Counseling Association (ACA) adopted the ACA Advocacy Competencies (J. A. Lewis, M. S. Arnold, R. House, & R. L. Toporek, 2002) to provide guidance to counselors and acknowledge advocacy as an ethical aspect of service to clients. This article provides a foundation for this special section by sharing a historical perspective on recent pivotal advocacy movements within the profession. An overview of the development and content of the Advocacy Competencies is provided followed by a case example to assist counselors in understanding and enhancing their application.
Social Justice Advocacy: Community Collaboration and Systems Advocacy
Authors: Lopez‐Baez Sandra I. , Paylo Matthew J.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses the community collaboration and systems advocacy domains of the ACA (American Counseling Association) Advocacy Competencies (J. A. Lewis, M. S. Arnold, R. House, & R. L. Toporek, 2002). A case illustration is presented, and the 8 Advocacy Competencies within each domain are applied to the case study.
The Big Picture of Advocacy: Counselor, Heal Society and Thyself
Authors: Roysircar Gargi
Published: December 2011

This article, motivational in purpose, encourages counselors to be engaged in the growing movement for social justice advocacy in counseling. Analyses of a macrolevel framework of advocacy extend to microlevel operations of recruitment, sociopolitical education, diversity management, and self‐care of counselor‐advocates. Case studies and exemplars illustrate views expressed.
Disproportionate Diagnosis of Mental Disorders Among African American Versus European American Clients: Implications for Counseling Theory, Research, and Practice
Authors: Schwartz Robert C. , Feisthamel Kevin P.
Published: December 2011

Research generated by the professions of psychiatry and psychology reveals that African Americans are more often diagnosed with specific mental disorders (e.g., psychotic disorders) compared with European Americans. No research to date, however, has investigated whether professional counselors make differential diagnoses according to client race. This study (N = 1,648) found that counselors diagnosed African Americans with psychotic and childhood disorders at a disproportionately high rate. Implications for counseling theory and practice are discussed.