bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic adaptation following gastric bypass surgery: results from a 2-year observational study
Authors: Naseer Fathimath , Zhang Shu-Dong , Miras Alexander D. , Redpath Tamsyn , Martin Melanie , Boyd Adele , Spence Heather , Pournaras Dimitri J. , Bodnar Zsolt , Kerrigan David , le Roux Carel W. , Livingstone M. Barbara E. , Price Ruth K.
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives

Metabolic adaptation is the lowering of basal metabolic rate (BMR) beyond what is predicted from changes in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) and may hamper weight-loss progression. It is unclear whether metabolic adaptation occurs following gastric bypass surgery (GBP) and if it persists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction in BMR that is not explained by changes in body composition in patients following GBP compared to a weight-stable comparator group.

Subjects

Thirty-one patients [77.4% female; mean BMI 45.5(SD 7.0) kg/m2; age 47.4(11.6)y] who underwent GBP, and 32 time-matched comparators [50% female; BMI 27.2(4.6) kg/m2; age 41.8(13.6)y) were evaluated at 1-month pre-surgery, 3-, 12- and 24-months post-surgery.

Methods

BMR was measured under standardised residential conditions using indirect calorimetry and body composition using DXA. Linear regression analyses assessed metabolic adaptation post-surgery.

Results

After surgery, patients lost a quarter of their body weight [−25.6%(1.8%); p < 0.0001] consisting mainly of FM (4:1 FM to FFM loss ratio) at 24-months post-surgery. Absolute BMR (MJ/d) reduced by 25.7% at 24-months post-surgery with values becoming similar to the comparator group from 3-months post-surgery. Positive associations were observed between changes in BMR and changes in FFM and FM (P < 0.03). Metabolic adaptation was present in patients during the 1) rapid weight loss phase (6.9 kg/month at 3-months post-surgery) (p = 0.011), 2) slower weight loss phase (1.6 kg/month from 3 to 12-months post-surgery) (p < 0.0001), and, 3) weight maintenance phase (24-months post-surgery) (p = 0.00073). However, the degree of metabolic adaptation observed in GBP patients was similar to the weight-stable comparator group (no metabolic adaptation) from 12-months post-surgery onwards (3-months; p = 0.01, 12-months; p = 0.26, 24-months post-surgery; p = 0.70).

Conclusion

These results suggest that there is a potential biological mechanism of surgery that attenuates the expected postoperative downregulation in BMR thus helping GBP patients maintain weight loss.
Potential mechanisms and modifications of dietary antioxidants on the associations between co-exposure to plastic additives and diabetes
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Cheng , Gao Hui
Published: September 2024

Background

The association of plastic additive mixture exposure with diabetes and the modifying effects of dietary antioxidants are unclear.

Methods

The data from the NHANES 2011–2018 were retrieved, and phthalates and organophosphate esters (OPEs) were selected as exposures. The coexposure effect was analyzed by the environmental risk score (ERS) and quantile g-computation. To mitigate any potential bias caused by using the internal weights, another version of ERS was constructed using the cross-validation approach. The level of dietary antioxidant intake was measured by the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI). The biological mechanism underlying the association was studied by the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework.

Results

Fifteen chemicals (ten phthalates and five OPEs) were measured in 2824 adult participants. A higher ERS was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes (OR per 1-SD increment of ERS: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13–1.39). This association apparently interacted with the CDAI level (ORlow: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.37–2.55; ORhigh: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.15–1.45; Pinteraction = 0.038). Moreover, quantile g-computation also revealed higher level of combined exposure was positively associated with diabetes (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05–2.87), and the addition of dietary antioxidants showed a null association (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.85–2.34). The AOP study identified TCPP and TCEP as key chemicals that cause aberrant glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways and result in diabetes.

Conclusions

Coexposure to phthalates and OPEs is positively associated with diabetes, where an antioxidative diet plays a modifying role. Several potential mechanisms have been proposed by AOP framework.
Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of human orbitofrontal cortex reveals convergent effects of aging and psychiatric disease
Authors: Fröhlich Anna S. , Gerstner Nathalie , Gagliardi Miriam , Ködel Maik , Yusupov Natan , Matosin Natalie , Czamara Darina , Sauer Susann , Roeh Simone , Murek Vanessa , Chatzinakos Chris , Daskalakis Nikolaos P. , Knauer-Arloth Janine , Ziller Michael J. , Binder Elisabeth B.
Published: September 2024

Aging is a complex biological process and represents the largest risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. The risk for neurodegenerative disorders is also increased in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Here, we characterized age-related transcriptomic changes in the brain by profiling ~800,000 nuclei from the orbitofrontal cortex from 87 individuals with and without psychiatric diagnoses and replicated findings in an independent cohort with 32 individuals. Aging affects all cell types, with LAMP5+LHX6+ interneurons, a cell-type abundant in primates, by far the most affected. Disrupted synaptic transmission emerged as a convergently affected pathway in aged tissue. Age-related transcriptomic changes overlapped with changes observed in Alzheimer’s disease across multiple cell types. We find evidence for accelerated transcriptomic aging in individuals with psychiatric disorders and demonstrate a converging signature of aging and psychopathology across multiple cell types. Our findings shed light on cell-type-specific effects and biological pathways underlying age-related changes and their convergence with effects driven by psychiatric diagnosis.
Baseline status of the levels and distribution of rare, noble, and fissionable elements from the Northern Nile Delta black sand deposits
Authors: Fakhry Rana E. , Ghatas Zekry F. , Soliman Naglaa F. , Nasr Samir M.
Published: September 2024

This study examined the composition, distribution, and origins of rare, Noble, and fissionable elements for the first time in black sand deposits from the Northern Delta coastal region. The findings showed that among the elements under investigation, Fe, Ti, Mn, and Sn had the greatest mean levels, while Hf, Cd, and As had the lowest mean amounts. According to the study's elemental composition, black sand is thought to have economic worth for Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn, Ag, and W. The Zr, Co, Cd, Cu, Hf, V, W, and Zn correlation points to the same source origin. It is clear that the accessory mineral composition in the sediments under study especially the heavy ones controls the geochemical patterns of trace elements. The trace element concentrations of interest show a pattern of element variability related to the mineralogy of the sands, as indicated by the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. To explore and exploit heavy minerals in the research region, the study's findings are important.
Mechanochemically-based three-way approach for the synthesis of K-doped Cu–Fe/ZnO–Al2O3 catalysts for converting CO2 to oxygenates
Authors: Tay Boon Ying , Kan Charmain , Ong Jennet , Dighe Shashikant U. , Hengne Amol M. , Huang Kuo-Wei , Zhang Lili , Wong Roong Jien , Tan Davin
Published: September 2024

Three ball-milling methodologies were developed to synthesize bespoke multi-metallic K-doped Cu–Fe/ZnO–Al2O3 catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide.
Direct observation of arene⋯sulphur dioxide interaction: role of metal ions in electronic modulation for binding and activation
Authors: Singh Sandhya , Dinesh Shruthi , Yadav Archana , Raje Sakthi , Butcher Ray J. , Sundararajan Mahesh , Angamuthu Raja
Published: September 2024

In a quest to understand bio-inspired interactions of SO2 with hosts, we have observed the lone pair⋯π interaction between the aromatic ring and O of SO2 (3.11 Å), in addition to the interaction between S of SO2 and metal-bound thiolate (2.63 Å).
Why alloying with noble metals does not decrease the oxidation of platinum: a DFT-based ab initio thermo-dynamics study
Authors: Kafka Alexander , Hess Franziska
Published: September 2024

Despite its nobility, even platinum is subject to corrosion under the harsh conditions that many technical applications require. Alloying can either reduce or facilitate this.
Mononuclear Fe(iii) Schiff base antipyrine complexes for catalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Cropley Jessica D. , Mitchell Amanda C. , Fritsch Nicole A. , Ho Marissa , Wells Timothy D. , Reynolds Todd M. , Brennessel William W. , McNamara William R.
Published: September 2024

Mononuclear Fe(iii) complexes containing an antipyrine Schiff base ligand were prepared and fully characterized, demonstrating a planar tetradentate coordination geometry. The resulting complexes are active for HER with possible ligand cooperativity.
Energetic derivatives substituted with trinitrophenyl: improving the sensitivity of explosives
Authors: Yu Qiong , Chen Yu-cong , Guo Zihao , Li Tao , Liu Zunqi , Yi Wenbin , Staples Richard J. , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: September 2024

Excellent mechanical sensitivity: incorporating trinitrophenyl into azo-1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds results in a heat-resistant explosive with excellent impact and friction sensitivity, along with good thermal stability.
High-entropy perovskite fluoride ultrasmall nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanofibers enable accelerated redox kinetic for K storage
Authors: Liao Jiaying , Shao Caoyang , Han Jingchen , Yuan Zeyu , Hu Qiao , Du Yichen , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Xiaosi , Zhou Haoshen
Published: September 2024

Ultrasmall high-entropy perovskite fluoride nanoparticles impregnated in carbon nanofibers are prepared by electrospinning and pyrolysis. The unique structure prevents the fluoride conversion reaction and shows a low-strain intercalation mechanism.
Lycium barbarum berry extract improves female fertility against aging-related oxidative stress in the ovary
Authors: Jiang Chenyu , Chen Ziyu , Xiong Haoming , Yang Xiao , Liao Weilin , Chen Geer , Huang Chen , Zhu Guoyuan , Yu Haijie , Ma Lijuan
Published: September 2024

Reproductive aging in female mammals is characterized by ovarian senescence, leading to a significant fertility decline.
Does tea intake increase the risk of anemia? Evidence from a large prospective cohort and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Rui Hang , Zhang Wei Sen , Jiang Chao Qiang , Zhu Feng , Jin Ya Li , Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Lam Tai Hing , Xu Lin , Wang Jiao
Published: September 2024

Tea consumption is avoided by some due to concerns about its potential to cause anemia.
Designing green chemicals by predicting vaporization properties using explainable graph attention networks
Authors: Kim Yeonjoon , Cho Jaeyoung , Jung Hojin , Meyer Lydia E. , Fioroni Gina M. , Stubbs Christopher D. , Jeong Keunhong , McCormick Robert L. , St. John Peter C. , Kim Seonah
Published: September 2024

Computational predictions of vaporization properties aid the de novo design of green chemicals, including clean alternative fuels, working fluids for efficient thermal energy recovery, and polymers that are easily degradable and recyclable.
Direct deoxygenative C–N coupling to construct indazole under visible light
Authors: Song Xinluo , Yin Lingfeng , Hao Subin , Wang Yu , Chen Yanqi , Ma Cheng , Li Ming-De , Dang Li
Published: September 2024

The green synthesis of medicines with an indazole skeleton has gained significant attention in recent years.
General electron–donor–acceptor complex mediated thioesterification reaction via site-selective C–H functionalization using aryl sulfonium Salts
Authors: Patel Roshan I. , Saxena Barakha , Sharma Anuj
Published: September 2024

We herein describe a versatile electron–donor–acceptor (EDA) mediated thioesterification reaction using aryl sulfonium salt (acceptor) with potassium thioacid salts (donor) under visible light irradiation.
A rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation/cyclization approach toward the total syntheses of cassiarin C and 8-O-methylcassiarin A from a common intermediate
Authors: Vargas Didier F. , Fonzo Santiago , Simonetti Sebastian O. , Kaufman Teodoro S. , Larghi Enrique L.
Published: September 2024

Cassiarin alkaloids were synthesized from a common intermediate, using a Rh-based C–H activation approach. DFT calculations shed light on an unusual H/D exchange.
Fluorescence nanoprobes bearing low temperature-derived biochar nanoparticles as efficient quenchers for the detection of single-stranded DNA and 17β-estradiol and their analytical potential
Authors: Qi Xiaoli , Hu Hui , Liang Lina , Lin Yuqing , Liu Yudan , Sun Haifeng , Piao Yunxian
Published: September 2024

The first application of fluorescent nanoprobes using low-temperature bagasse derived quencher nanoparticles (BQNPs) as effective quenchers for ssDNA and 17-estradiol detection.
Observation of the hexatic phase in a two-dimensional complex plasma using machine learning
Authors: Du Xin-Chi , Yang Wei , Nosenko Volodymyr , Miao Yang , Li Wen-Xin , Yu Jia-Yi , Huang He , Du Cheng-Ran
Published: September 2024

It is challenging to identify the hexatic phase in melting experiments with 2D complex plasmas due to the limited size of the particle suspension. A machine learning method makes up for such shortcomings and successfully identifies the hexatic phase.
Multiscale regulation of S, N, O tri-doped carbon/Co8FeS8 catalysts with SO42−-riched and lattice distortion for efficient water splitting
Authors: Ye Yuanrong , Zhao Xin , Wei Guijuan , Gu Shaonan , Li Changwei , Zhang Huixin , Zhang Junliu , Li Xiaoyang , Chen Honglei
Published: September 2024

The multiscale regulation of heteroatom configuration, lattice defects and SO42− was realized by deep eutectic solvent system. The catalytic performance of the catalyst with multi-scale regulation is significantly improved. The regulation mechanism of C and SO42− on metal sites was revealed.
Achieving high brightness and thermally stable far-red luminescence via ultrathin phosphor–glass composite engineering
Authors: Li Chenyang , Zhou Yimin , Tang Fei , Chen Yizhuo , Tian Kangzhen , Zhao Bo , Xu Shijie
Published: September 2024

Photographs and SEM images of our prepared Mn4+ activated LaAlO3 far-red phosphor and PGC. Both samples exhibit completely different temperature-dependent luminescence behaviors, revealing a significant effect of glass on the phosphor properties.
Dust and power: Unravelling the merger-active galactic nucleus connection in the second half of cosmic history
Authors: La Marca A. , Margalef-Bentabol B. , Wang L. , Gao F. , Goulding A. D. , Martin G. , Rodriguez-Gomez V. , Trager S. C. , Yang G. , Davé R. , Dubois Y.
Published: September 2024

Aims. Galaxy mergers represent a fundamental physical process under hierarchical structure formation, but their role in triggering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is still unclear. We aim to investigate the merger-AGN connection using state-of-the-art observations and novel methods for detecting mergers and AGNs.

Methods. We selected stellar mass-limited samples at redshift z < 1 from the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), focussing on the KiDS-N-W2 field with a wide range of multi-wavelength data. We analysed three AGN types, selected in the mid-infrared (MIR), X-ray, and via spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling. To identify mergers, we used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on two cosmological simulations. We created mass- and redshift-matched control samples of non-mergers and non-AGNs.

Results. We first investigated the merger-AGN connection using a binary AGN/non-AGN classification. We observed a clear AGN excess (of a factor of 2–3) in mergers with respect to non-mergers for the MIR AGNs, along with a mild excess for the X-ray and SED AGNs. This result indicates that mergers could trigger all three types, but are more connected to the MIR AGNs. About half of the MIR AGNs are in mergers but it is unclear whether mergers are the main trigger. For the X-ray and SED AGNs, mergers are unlikely to be the dominant triggering mechanism. We also explored the connection using the continuous AGN fraction fAGN parameter. Mergers exhibit a clear excess of high fAGN values relative to non-mergers, for all AGN types. We unveil the first merger fraction fmerger − fAGN relation with two distinct regimes. When the AGN is not very dominant, the relation is only mildly increasing or even flat, with the MIR AGNs showing the highest fmerger. In the regime of very dominant AGNs (fAGN ≥ 0.8), fmerger shows the same steeply rising trend with increasing fAGN for all AGN types. These trends are also seen when plotted against AGN bolometric luminosity. We conclude that mergers are most closely connected to dust-obscured AGNs, generally linked to a fast-growing phase of the supermassive black hole. Such mergers therefore stand as the main (or even the sole) fuelling mechanism of the most powerful AGNs.
Towards multi-messenger observations of core-collapse supernovae harbouring choked jets
Authors: Zegarelli A. , Guetta D. , Celli S. , Gagliardini S. , Di Palma I. , Bartos I.
Published: September 2024

Context. Over the past decade, choked jets have attracted particular attention as potential sources of high-energy cosmic neutrinos. It is challenging to test this hypothesis because of the missing gamma-ray counterpart. An identification of other electromagnetic signatures is therefore crucial. Extended H envelopes surrounding collapsing massive stars might choke launched jets. In addition, the same progenitors are expected to produce a shock-breakout signal in the ultraviolet (UV) and optical that lasts several days. Early UV radiation in particular carries important information about the presence and nature of choked jets.

Aims. While UV observations of core-collapse supernovae have so far been limited, the full potential of observations in this spectral band will soon be transformed by the ULTRASAT satellite mission with its unprecedented field of view. We investigated the detection prospects of choked jet progenitors by ULTRASAT in relation to their visibility in the optical band by the currently operating telescope ZTF. In addition, as choked jets can produce neutrinos via hadronic and photohadronic interactions in choked jets, we also investigated how neutrino observations by existing Cherenkov high-energy neutrino telescopes (e.g. IceCube and KM3NeT) can be used in association with electromagnetic signals from shock-breakout events.

Methods. By considering fiducial parameters of the source population and instrument performances, we estimated the maximum redshift up to which ULTRASAT and ZTF are able to detect ultraviolet and optical signals from these explosions, respectively. Furthermore, we discuss coordinated multi-messenger observations using ULTRASAT, ZTF, and high-energy neutrino telescopes.

Results. We find that ULTRASAT will double the volume of the sky that is currently visible by ZTF for the same emitting sources. This will enlarge the sample of observed Type II supernovae by ∼60%. For optimised multi-messenger detections, the delay between neutrinos produced at the shock breakout (during the jet propagation inside the stellar envelope) and ULTRASAT observations should be of ∼4 (5) days, with subsequent follow-up by instruments such as ZTF about one week later. We estimate that fewer than 1% of the core-collapse supernovae from red supergiant stars that are detectable in UV with ULTRASAT might host a choked jet and release TeV neutrinos. Electromagnetic and neutrino detections, if accompanied by additional photometric and spectroscopic follow-up with compelling evidence for a relativistic jet launched by the central engine of the source, would suggest that core-collapse supernovae harbouring choked jets are the main contributors to the diffuse astrophysical high-energy neutrino flux.
The spectroscopic binary fraction of the young stellar cluster M17
Authors: Ramírez-Tannus M. C. , Derkink A. R. , Backs F. , de Koter A. , Sana H. , Poorta J. , Kaper L. , Stoop M.
Published: September 2024

Context. Significant progress has been made toward understanding the formation of massive (M > 8 M⊙) binaries in close orbits (with periods of less than a month). Some of the observational studies leading to this progress are the detection of a very low velocity dispersion among the massive stars in the young region M17 and the measurement of a positive trend of velocity dispersion with age in Galactic clusters. The velocity dispersion observed in M17 could be explained either by the lack of binaries among the stars in this region, which implies the highly unlikely scenario of a different formation mechanism for M17 than for other Galactic regions, or by larger binary separations than typically observed, but with a binary fraction similar to other young Galactic clusters. The latter implies that, over time, the binary components migrate toward each other. This is in agreement with the finding that the radial velocity dispersion of young Galactic clusters correlates positively with their age.

Aims. We aim to determine the origin of the strikingly low velocity dispersion by determining the observed and intrinsic binary fraction of massive stars in M17 through multi-epoch spectroscopy.

Methods. We performed a multi-epoch spectroscopic survey consisting of three epochs separated by days and months, respectively. We complemented this survey with existing data covering timescales of years. We determined the radial velocity of each star at each epoch by fitting the stellar absorption profiles. The velocity shifts between epochs were used to determine whether a close companion is present.

Results. We determined an observed binary fraction of 27% and an intrinsic binary fraction of 87%, consistent with that of other Galactic clusters. We conclude that the low velocity dispersion is due to a large separation among the young massive binaries in M17. Our result is in agreement with a migration scenario in which massive stars are born in binaries or higher-order systems at large separation and harden within the first million years of evolution. Such an inward migration may either be driven by interaction with a remnant accretion disk or with other young stellar objects present in the system, or by dynamical interactions within the cluster. Our results imply that possibly both dynamical interactions and binary evolution are key processes in the formation of gravitational wave sources.
Into the depths: Unveiling ELAIS-N1 with LOFAR’s deepest sub-arcsecond wide-field images
Authors: de Jong J. M. G. H. J. , van Weeren R. J. , Sweijen F. , Oonk J. B. R. , Shimwell T. W. , Offringa A. R. , Morabito L. K. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Kondapally R. , Escott E. L. , Best P. N. , Bondi M. , Ye H. , Petley J. W.
Published: September 2024

We present the deepest wide-field 115–166 MHz image at sub-arcsecond resolution spanning an area of 2.5° × 2.5° centred at the ELAIS-N1 deep field. To achieve this, we improved the direction-independent (DI) and direction-dependent (DD) calibrations for the International LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) Telescope. This enhancement enabled us to efficiently process 32 h of data from four different 8-h observations using the high-band antennas (HBAs) of all 52 stations, covering baselines up to approximately 2000 km across Europe. The DI calibration was improved by using an accurate sky model and refining the series of calibration steps on the in-field calibrator, while the DD calibration was improved by adopting a more automated approach for selecting the DD calibrators and inspecting the self-calibration on these sources. For our brightest calibrators, we also added an additional round of self-calibration for the Dutch core and remote stations in order to refine the solutions for shorter baselines. To complement our highest resolution at 0.3″, we also made intermediate resolution wide-field images at 0.6″ and 1.2″. Our resulting wide-field images achieve a central noise level of 14 μJy beam−1 at 0.3″, doubling the depth and uncovering four times more objects than the Lockman Hole deep field image at comparable resolution but with only 8 h of data. Compared to LOFAR imaging without the international stations, we note that due to the increased collecting area and the absence of confusion noise, we reached a point-source sensitivity comparable to a 500-h ELAIS-N1 6″ image with 16 times less observing time. Importantly, we have found that the computing costs for the same amount of data are almost halved (to about 139 000 CPU h per 8 h of data) compared to previous efforts, though they remain high. Our work underscores the value and feasibility of exploiting all Dutch and international LOFAR stations to make deep wide-field images at sub-arcsecond resolution.
Warm Jupiters around M dwarfs are great opportunities for extensive chemical, cloud, and haze characterisation with JWST
Authors: Teinturier L. , Ducrot E. , Charnay B.
Published: September 2024

Context. The known population of short-period giant exoplanets around M-dwarf stars is slowly growing. These planets present an extraordinary opportunity for atmospheric characterisation and defy our current understanding of planetary formation. Furthermore, clouds and hazes are ubiquitous in warm exoplanets, but their behaviour is still poorly understood.

Aims. We studied the case of a standard warm Jupiter around an M-dwarf star to show the opportunity of this exoplanet population for atmospheric characterisation. We aimed to derive the cloud, haze, and chemical budget of such planets using JWST.

Methods. We leveraged a 3D global climate model, the generic PCM, to simulate the cloudy and cloud-free atmosphere of warm Jupiters around an M dwarf. We then post-processed our simulations to produce spectral phase curves and transit spectra as would be seen with JWST.

Results. We show that, using the amplitude and offset of the spectral phase curves, we can directly infer the presence of clouds and hazes in the atmosphere of such giant planets. Chemical characterisation of multiple species is possible with an unprecedented signal- to-noise ratio, using the transit spectrum in one single visit. In such atmospheres, NH3 could be detected for the first time in a giant exoplanet. We make the case that these planets are key to understanding the cloud and haze budget in warm giants. Finally, such planets are targets of great interest for Ariel.
Comparison results for Gromov–Wasserstein and Gromov–Monge distances
Authors: Mémoli Facundo , Needham Tom
Published: September 2024

Inspired by the Kantorovich formulation of optimal transport distance between probability measures on a metric space, Gromov–Wasserstein (GW) distances comprise a family of metrics on the space of isomorphism classes of metric measure spaces. In previous work, the authors introduced a variant of this construction which was inspired by the original Monge formulation of optimal transport; elements of the resulting family are referred to Gromov–Monge (GM) distances. These GM distances, and related ideas, have since become a subject of interest from both theoretical and applications-oriented perspectives. In this note, we establish several theoretical properties of GM distances, focusing on comparisons between GM and GW distances. In particular, we show that GM and GW distances are equal for non-atomic metric measure spaces. We also consider variants of GM distance, such as a Monge version of Sturm’s Lp-transportion distance, and give precise comparisons to GW distance. Finally, we establish bi-Hölder equivalence between GM distance and an isometry-invariant Monge optimal transport distance between Euclidean metric measure spaces that has been utilized in shape and image analysis applications.
Brücke zu Therapie, Medizin und Pflege – Patientencoach
Authors: Jenny Viviane
Published: September 2024

Bei den Schweizer Kliniken Valens gehören Patientencoachs zum festen Bestandteil des Reha-Prozesses. Ihre Aufgabe ist es, das Therapieangebot individuell auf die Bedürfnisse der Patient*innen abzustimmen und ihnen als Ansprechperson zur Verfügung zu stehen. Ergotherapeutin Viviane Jenny berichtet.
Wie lange darf sich eine zielgerichtete Therapie verzögern?
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Im Praxisalltag kommt es immer wieder zu Therapieverzögerungen. Wie groß ist das Zeitfenster für eine zielgerichtete Therapie (TT) beim fortgeschrittenen ALK- oder EGFR-mutierten nicht kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC), um noch eine Verlängerung des Gesamtüberlebens (OS) zu erreichen? Eine US-Studiengruppe wertete eine USA-weite elektronische Datenbank in einer Landmark-Analyse aus.
Fortgeschrittenes Mammakarzinom
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: September 2024

Das Antikörper-Drug-Konjugat (ADC) Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan (T-DXd) führte in der Phase-III-Studie DEXTINY-Breast06 beim vorbehandelten metastasierten Hormonrezeptor-positiven (HR +) Brustkrebs mit geringer HER2-Expression zu einer signifikanten Verbesserung des progressionsfreien Überlebens (PFS). Von dem ADC profitierten Frauen mit HER2-low- und HER2-ultralow-Mammakarzinomen gleichermaßen.
Jeder 2. Patient spricht auf Immunchemotherapie an
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: September 2024

Eine auf der ASCO-Tagung vorgestellte Phase-II-Studie spricht für die hohe Effektivität der Erstlinientherapie mit Paclitaxel/Avelumab beim inoperablen Angiosarkom: Jeder 2. Patient sprach auf die Doublette an. Das progressionsfreie Überleben (PFS) erstreckt sich über 6 Monate, das Gesamtüberleben (OS) über 14,5 Monate.
Prognostic Significance of Baseline Clinical and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET Derived Parameters on Biochemical Response, Overall Survival, and PSA Progression-Free Survival in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) Patients Undergoing [177Lu]Lu-PSMA Therapy
Authors: Jafari Esmail , Manafi-Farid Reyhaneh , Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat , Salek Fatemeh , Jokar Narges , Keshavarz Ahmad , Divband GhasemAli , Dadgar Habibollah , Zohrabi Farshad , Assadi Majid
Published: September 2024

Background In this study, we sought to identify the clinical baseline characteristics and pre-therapy 68Ga-PSMA PET derived parameters that can have impact on PSA (biochemical) response, OS and PSA PFS in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who undergo RLT with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617.

Methods Various pre-treatment clinical and PSMA PET derived parameters were gathered and computed. We used PSA response as the criteria for more than a 50% decrease in PSA level, and OS and PSA PFS as endpoints. We assessed the collected parameters in relation to PSA response. Additionally, we employed univariable Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank to evaluate the influence of the parameters on OS and PFS.

Results A total of 125 mCRPC patients were included in this study. The median age was 68 years (range: 49–89). Among the cases, 77 patients (62%) showed PSARS, while 48 patients (38%) did not show PSA response. The median OS was 14 months (range: 1–60), and the median PSA-PFS was 10 months (range: 1–56). Age, prior history of chemotherapy, and SUVmax had a significant impact on PSA response (p<0.05). PSA response, RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), number of metastases, wbPSMA-TV, and wbTL-PSMA significantly affected OS. GS, platelet count, NLR, and number of metastases were found to have a significant impact on PSA PFS.

Conclusion We have identified several baseline clinical and PSMA PET derived parameters that can serve as prognostic factors for predicting PSA response, OS, and PSA PFS after RLT. Based on the findings, we believe that these clinical baseline characteristics can assist nuclear medicine specialists in identifying RLT responders who have long-term survival and PFS.
Lorlatinib setzt neue Benchmark in der Erstlinientherapie
Authors: Kretzschmar Alexander
Published: September 2024

Auf dem ASCO 2024 präsentierte Prof. Benjamin Solomon, Melbourne, Australien, eine neue Post-hoc-Analyse der Phase-III-Studie CROWN nach einem medianen Follow-up von 60,2 Monaten. Sie zeigt eine anhaltende Wirksamkeit von Lorlatinib mit einer Reduktion des Risikos für Progression oder Tod versus Crizotinib um 81 %. 92 % der Patient*innen unter Lorlatinib blieben frei von einer intrakranialen Progression.
Translational Perspectives on the Therapeutic Potential of Hyptis Crenata Essential Oil Terpenes in Smooth Muscle Function
Authors: Cardeal dos Santos André Nogueira , da Cruz Freire José Ednésio , Rodrigues Bruna Ferreira , Ferreira-da-Silva Francisco Walber , Júnior José Eduardo Ribeiro Honório , Leal Cardoso José Henrique , de Souza Andrelina Noronha Coelho
Published: September 2024

Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are classes of organic compounds found in various natural products, such as the essential oil of Hyptis crenata (EOHc). The therapeutic potential of these terpenes present in EOHc is evidenced by their effect on smooth muscle and potential clinical applications. Among the highlighted monoterpenes, such as sabinene, α-pinene, and β-pinene, a relaxing effect on rat intestinal smooth muscles is observed, attributed to interaction with calcium channels. Furthermore, monoterpenoids like borneol, cineole, and linalool also demonstrate vasorelaxant properties, suggesting potential in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions. Sesquiterpenes, such as caryophyllene and aromadendrenes, exhibit relaxing effects in various smooth muscle tissues, such as rat uterus and guinea pig ileum, indicating pharmacological potential in these areas. The translational exploration of targets, such as calcium channels and G
protein-coupled receptors, highlights the importance of these compounds in discovering new therapies based on natural products for treating various medical conditions.
Synthesis of FSO2-Functionalized Oxindoles via a Radical Fluorosulfonylation/Intramolecular Arylation Cascade
Authors: Liao Saihu , Yang Na , Pei Guanhua , Li Hao , Han Junwei , Wang Peng , Xie Lili
Published: September 2024

Herein, we report the development of a FSO2 radical initiated tandem cyclization reaction under visible light photoredox catalysis, which allows for a facile access to FSO2-functionalized oxindoles from N-arylacrylamides. This reaction features mild reaction conditions, readily available starting materials, and SuFExable products. The introduction of sulfonyl fluoride groups into oxindoles could be of interest for related study in the context of discovering new bioactive molecules.
“Diya”-Related Burn Injuries during the Diwali Period: A 5-Year Retrospective Review from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Gupta Deepti , Chand Nemi , Nanavati Nupoor , Chauhan Aakash , Sarabahi Sujata
Published: September 2024

Background Diwali is a festival that is passionately celebrated by Indians all across the globe. Fire hazards associated with this festival are well known. Our hospital is a tertiary care burn center and caters to a patient population from all over North India. Firecracker burns and diya burns constitute two major causes of burn injuries during the festival of Diwali. Since, diya-related burn injuries have been overlooked in the past, this study was primarily designed to study the demographical data of “diya burns” during Diwali.

Materials and Methods The departmental records were analyzed for 3 days around Diwali festival over a period of 5 years from 2018 to 2022.

Results The results indicated that almost a third of all Diwali-related burns were caused by diyas (32.5%). A “burning diya left on floor” was the main reason for these injuries. Females were the most affected (70.4%). Additionally, one-third of these patients required admission.

Conclusion This study emphasizes the need for raising awareness regarding the proper use of “diyas” to bring down the incidence of such preventable burn injuries.
Long-Term Outcome of Surgery for Grade 4 Gynecomastia: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Goel Aakanksha , Punia Sudhanshu , Gupta Amit
Published: September 2024

Background Gynecomastia results in a feminine appearance of the male chest, leading to social embarrassment and loss of self-esteem in the afflicted males. Grade 4 gynecomastia is expected to have less than perfect results with liposuction and gland excision alone. This study was done to assess the long-term outcome of this surgery for grade 4 gynecomastia.

Materials and Methods From January 2021 to December 2022, 81 patients with grade 4 gynecomastia were treated by us. All the patients underwent vibration amplification of sound energy at resonance (VASER) and suction-assisted liposuction of the chest and side rolls with excision of the gland with crescentic lift in the cases with ptosis. A retrospective study was done to analyze the long-term surgical outcomes in these patients by review of clinical records.

Results Symmetry was achieved in 37/39 patients with grade 4a gynecomastia but only in 33/42 patients with grade 4b gynecomastia. The inframammary fold disappeared in 35/39 patients with grade 4a gynecomastia but only in 25/42 of grade 4b gynecomastia patients. Ptosis was corrected in 35/42 grade 4b gynecomastia patients. The mean follow-up was 15 months (range: 12–24 months). Only seven patients desired a second stage to correct the remaining deformity.

Conclusion Liposuction with gland removal alone in grade 4a gynecomastia and with liposuction with crescentic nipple–areola complex (NAC) lift in patients of grade 4b gynecomastia give satisfactory results in patients with massively enlarged breasts. While grade 4a gynecomastia has overall better results and lesser complications as compared with grade 4b gynecomastia, the latter also has acceptable outcomes. Realistic prognosis needs to be explained to the patient preoperatively.
From Quackery to Super-Specialization: A Brief History of Aesthetic Surgery
Authors: Goel Aakanksha , Goel Arun
Published: September 2024

From time immemorial, human beings have always tried to decorate themselves to look more beautiful and attractive to an onlooker, in turn improving their own self-esteem. Thus, Ayurveda in India and Ebers Papyrus in Egypt, written thousands of years ago, mention a variety of cosmetics being used for the same. However, operative interventions were mainly reconstructive and any improved aesthetics was a by-product only (e.g., restoration of amputated nose). The surgery for purely cosmetic reasons started less than 150 years ago after the availability of anesthesia and antisepsis. Initially, the medical profession and the common man were skeptical of these interventions and even ridiculed the patient and the clinician. The pioneers were labeled as quacks and working against the law, and some of them had to even commit suicide, while the patients were labeled as “psychiatric.” The past 50 years have seen aesthetic procedures, both surgical and nonsurgical, being performed by highly qualified superspecialists. This article attempts to trace this change.
Dynamics and control of two-dimensional discrete-time biological model incorporating weak Allee’s effect
Authors: Qurban Muhammad , Khaliq Abdul , Saqib Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Incorporating a weak Allee effect in a two-dimensional biological model in ℜ2, the study delves into the application of bifurcation theory, including center manifold and Ljapunov–Schmidt reduction, normal form theory, and universal unfolding, to analyze nonlinear stability issues across various engineering domains. The focus lies on the qualitative dynamics of a discrete-time system describing the interaction between prey and predator. Unlike its continuous counterpart, the discrete-time model exhibits heightened chaotic behavior. By exploring a biological Mmdel with linear functional prey response, the research elucidates the local asymptotic properties of equilibria. Additionally, employing bifurcation theory and the center manifold theorem, the analysis reveals that, for all α1 (i.e., intrinsic growth rate of prey), ð1˙ (i.e., parameter that scales the terms yn), and m (i.e., Allee effect constant), the model exhibits boundary fixed points A1 and A2, along with the unique positive fixed point A∗, given that the all parameters are positive. Additionally, stability theory is employed to explore the local dynamic characteristics, along with topological classifications, for the fixed points A1, A2, and A∗, considering the impact of the weak Allee effect on prey dynamics. A flip bifurcation is identified for the boundary fixed point A2, and a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation is observed in a small parameter neighborhood around the unique positive fixed point A∗=(mð1˙−1,α1−1−α1mð1˙−1). Furthermore, it implements two chaos control strategies, namely, state feedback and a hybrid approach. The effectiveness of these methods is demonstrated through numerical simulations, providing concrete illustrations of the theoretical findings. The model incorporates essential elements of population dynamics, considering interactions such as predation, competition, and environmental factors, along with a weak Allee effect influencing the prey population.
A birdcage resonant antenna for helicon wave generation in TORPEX
Authors: Vincent Simon P. H. , Guittienne Philippe , Quigley Patrick , Sepulchre Cyrille , Jacquier Rémy , Bertizzolo Robert , Baquero-Ruiz Marcelo , Howling Alan A. , Furno Ivo
Published: September 2024

A birdcage resonant helicon antenna is designed, mounted, and tested in the toroidal device TORPEX. The birdcage resonant antenna is an alternative to the usual Boswell or half-helical antenna designs commonly used for ∼10 cm diameter helicon sources in low temperature plasma devices. The main advantage of the birdcage antenna lies in its resonant nature, which makes it easily operational even at large scales, an appealing feature for the TORPEX device whose poloidal cross section is 40 cm in diameter. With this antenna, helicon waves are shown to be launched and sustained throughout the whole torus of TORPEX. The helicon waves can be launched at low power on a pre-existing magnetron-generated plasma with little effect on the density profiles. The birdcage antenna can also be used alone to produce plasma, which removes the constraint of a narrow range of applied magnetic fields required by the magnetron, opening the way to a new range of studies on TORPEX with the external magnetic field as a control parameter.
Resilience of weighted networks with dynamical behavior against multi-node removal
Authors: Yuan Ziwei , Lv Changchun , Duan Dongli , Cai Zhiqiang , Si Shubin
Published: September 2024

In many real-world networks, interactions between nodes are weighted to reflect their strength, such as predator–prey interactions in the ecological network and passenger numbers in airline networks. These weighted networks are prone to cascading effects caused by minor perturbations, which can lead to catastrophic outcomes. This vulnerability highlights the importance of studying weighted network resilience to prevent system collapses. However, due to many variables and weight parameters coupled together, predicting the behavior of such a system governed by a multi-dimensional rate equation is challenging. To address this, we propose a dimension reduction technique that simplifies a multi-dimensional system into a one-dimensional state space. We applied this methodology to explore the impact of weights on the resilience of four dynamics whose weights are assigned by three weight assignment methods. The four dynamical systems are the biochemical dynamical system (B), the epidemic dynamical system (E), the regulatory dynamical system (R), and the birth–death dynamical system (BD). The results show that regardless of the weight distribution, for B, the weights are negatively correlated with the activities of the network, while for E, R, and BD, there is a positive correlation between the weights and the activities of the network. Interestingly, for B, R, and BD, the change in the weights of the system has little impact on the resilience of the system. However, for the E system, the greater the weights the more resilient the system. This study not only simplifies the complexity inherent in weighted networks but also enhances our understanding of their resilience and response to perturbations.
Energy storage battery state of health estimation based on singular value decomposition for noise reduction and improved LSTM neural network
Authors: Chen Tao , Zheng Shaohong , Xie Linjia , Sui Xiaofei , Guo Fang , Zhang Wencan
Published: September 2024

Accurate estimation of the State of Health (SOH) of batteries is important for intelligent battery management in energy storage systems. To solve the problems of poor quality of data features as well as the difficulty of model parameter adjustment, this study proposes a method for estimating the SOH of lithium batteries based on denoising battery health features and an improved Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network. First, in this study, three health features related to SOH decrease were selected from the battery charge/discharge data, and the singular value decomposition technique was applied to the noise reduction of the features to improve their correlation with the SOH. Then, the whale optimization algorithm is improved using cubic chaotic mapping to enhance its global optimization-seeking capability. Then, the Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (IWOA) is used to optimize the model parameters of LSTM, and the IWOA-LSTM model is applied to the battery SOH estimation. Finally, the model proposed in this research is validated against the Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) battery dataset. The experimental results show that the prediction error of battery SOH by the method proposed in this study is less than 0.96%, and the prediction error is reduced by 49.42% compared to its baseline model. The method presented in the article achieves accurate estimation of the SOH, providing a reference for practical engineering applications.
Relationship between the induced voltage of a rotor bar and the rotation characteristics of a high-temperature superconducting induction motor
Authors: Nakamura T. , Ogama Y.
Published: September 2024

Although high-temperature superconducting induction motors have a simple structure, they are distinguished by their high efficiency and high power density. However, an accurate theoretical model that defines the primary electrical characteristics controlling the motor has not been established because of the nonlinear characteristics of high-temperature superconducting squirrel-cage rotor winding. As part of establishing such a model, an experiment was conducted to analyze the relationship between the induced voltage of the rotor bar in a high-temperature superconducting squirrel-cage rotor winding and stator-side quantities (voltage and transport current), as well as its rotation characteristics. A subject was a 1.5 kW class induction motor using Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O high-temperature superconducting rotor bars and the experiment was performed at a temperature and a frequency of 77 K and 60 Hz, respectively. The induced voltages of the rotor bars were measured by applying a rotating magnetic field and exhibited a distorted waveform characterized by a third-order harmonic in a magnetic flux flow state. Despite the distorted voltage waveform of the rotor bar, the stator transport current responsible for driving the induction motor remained unaffected and the motor initiated rotation in a slip rotation mode. From the above results, it was experimentally clarified that a stator voltage exceeding the critical current of the rotor bar must be applied when starting the induction motor. It was also shown that the rotor bar can be regarded as a constant resistance for a constant effective value of the stator current when transitioning the motor into a slip rotation state.