bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Credit Resource Misallocation and Macroeconomic Fluctuations in China: From the Perspective of Heterogeneous Financial Frictions
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhang Zhipeng , Shao Yu
Published: December 2023

In China, state-owned firms exhibit easier access to external credit but have lower productivity than private firms. We construct a dynamic general equilibrium model incorporating heterogeneous financial frictions to investigate their impact on credit resource misallocation and macroeconomic fluctuations in the Chinese economy. A calibration of our model suggests that heterogeneity in financial frictions can reduce macroeconomic volatility. The mechanism is that heterogeneity in financial frictions induces the procyclicality of credit resource misallocation within entrepreneurs, thus the procyclicality of productivity loss. The stabilization effect depends on the relative magnitude of the impact of the shock on credit resource misallocation within entrepreneurs compared to its impact on the output. In addition, we show that the cost of the stabilization effect of heterogeneity in financial frictions is that it reduces the economy’s aggregate TFP and output at the steady state. Our results imply that neglecting heterogeneity may overestimate the impact of financial frictions on economic volatility in previous studies.
Unraveling Producer Price Inflation Pass-Through: Quantification, Structural Breaks, and Causal Direction
Authors: Williams Corey J. M.
Published: December 2023

Producer price inflation has long been considered a leading indicator for consumer price inflation. However, the evidence supporting the cost-push theory of inflation over extended periods is inconclusive and lacks direct quantification. To address this gap, we employ structural break and causality tests, regression analysis, and local projection impulse-response functions. Our analysis allows us to precisely identify instances when producer prices lead consumer prices and quantify short-run and long-run pass-through rates. We find relatively robust evidence of a producer price pass-through rate between 8 and 12%. However, there are significant periods where unidirectional pass-through does not hold. Local projections reveal that producer price pass-through is small but persistent in states where producer prices lead consumer prices, and larger but shorter-lived in states where there is no causal directionality. Our findings enhance the understanding of producer price pass-through to consumer inflation, providing valuable insights for policymakers and market participants interested in accurately forecasting and managing inflationary pressures.
The Organization of Market Boundaries
Authors: Jutterström Mats
Published: December 2023

In contrast to the main focus on market boundaries as spontaneous orders, this article investigates how and why market boundaries are ordered through organization. It proposes three elemental ordering processes – mutual adaptation, institutions, and organization – to conceptualise individual market boundary formation. Based on a longitudinal study of a financial market, the organization of both market demarcations and boundary constitution is analysed. It is illustrated how boundaries were subject to much organization and reorganization, to protect the market’s legitimacy and function. Explanations for the use of market boundary organization suggestively stem from both boundary competition and complementarity – to replace or reinforce boundaries formed by other ordering processes, in order to direct market content.
Value concentration of additive functions on semigroups
Authors: Manstavičius Eugenijus
Published: December 2023

There is not abstract.
Contradictions of a mathematics didactic system in the realization of a traditional study model
Authors: Novikienė Regina , Šiaučiukėnienė Liuda
Published: December 2023

Contradictions of a traditional didactic system impeding the realization of a varied higher edu­cation mission have been revealed: between the objectives – to train abilities of learners – and the content provided as status quo knowledge; between the objectives and incompatibility of teaching forms. A lecture, the main teaching form in a traditional study model does not motivate to be an active participant of the process. A student is only a listener trying to perceive what is said by a lecturer, whereas abilities are trained through intensive activities of a person itself and higher cognition goals may be achieved by allowing for expression; between the objectives and the exis­ting assessment system stimulating to reproduce knowledge, but not to demonstrate abilities and comprehension; between the experience of a learner and abstract conceptions perception of which is difficult for a mass student, thus he is not able to absorb them; between the incumbency of a lec­turer and his possibility to realize it. A lecturer is a researcher. A traditional study model provides no possibility for accessing thesauruses of students, and therefore restricts the research of students' learning; between the necessity for deep realization of learning strategies and a possibility to do it.
Housing and health in Vilnius 2002
Authors: Junevičiūtė Silvija , Krapavickaitė Danutė
Published: December 2023

There is not abstract.
Real Lithuanian economic growth forecasting using artificial neural networks
Authors: Jakaitienė Audronė , Tamošiūnaitė Minija
Published: December 2023

Methods for forecasting of Lithuanian gross domestic product (GDP) are analyzed. Prognoses obtained by means of linear models and artificial neural networks are compared.
Lexical Functional Grammar as a Construction Grammar
Authors: Findlay Jamie Y.
Published: December 2023

Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) is a lexicalist, constraint-based grammatical theory that shares a lot of the basic assumptions of Construction Grammar (CxG), such as a commitment to surface-oriented descriptions (no transformations), and the simultaneous representation of form, meaning, and other grammatical information (no derivations). Nevertheless, LFG is not standardly viewed as a kind of CxG, in particular since its adherence to the principle of Lexical Integrity means that it insists on a strict morphology-syntax distinction where CxG canonically rejects such a divide. However, such a distinction is in fact entirely compatible with CxG assumptions; the actual problem with viewing LFG as a CxG is the difficulty it has in describing the more substantive end of the schematic-substantive spectrum of constructions. I suggest that by replacing the limited context-free grammar base of LFG responsible for this shortcoming with a more expressive formalism (in this case a description-based tree-adjoining grammar), we can obtain a fully constructional LFG, suitable as a formal framework for CxG.
MODERNIZATION CONCEPT AND SOCIAL IMAGINATION: METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Authors: SHCHERBAK Svitlana
Published: December 2023

Since its inception, the theory of modernization has undergone so many transformations that it makes sense to speak of a «modernization discourse» rather than a theory and to consider the concept itself from the point of view of social epistemology in conjunction with social imagination. This paper is devoted to substantiating this approach. The concept of modernization is interesting in this regard because it contains not only hermeneutic but also prescriptive elements: by placing society in a broader historical framework of past, present and future, it creates a normative horizon for self-understanding and social transformation. It allows us to imagine our society as a historical whole, to imagine a social ideal and social development as a path towards it. At the same time, it appeals to the images of the social imagination - the social imaginary, depending on the context. A separate question, therefore, is what semantic load this concept receives when it is adopted by a different socio-cultural and political context. Such research could help to understand the internal logic of political processes in a society and its destiny. The paper consists of three subsections: the first is devoted to an overview of theories of modernization and their transformation under the influence of social epistemology; the second deals with the imagination as an anthropological a priori for considering social imagination; finally, the last subsection, which also serves as a conclusion, justifies why, given the purpose of the study, it is more appropriate to consider the concept of modernization in the context of the social imagination rather than as an ideology. The concept of ideology refers to political bias, to the question of truth and a critique of power discourse. In contrast, the concept of social imagination is politically neutral and refers to a cultural background of politics. It thus circumvents Man nheim’s paradox by being conceptualized as constitutive of a political order.
KARL JASPERS’ СRITIQUE OF EXISTENTIALISM. PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENCE AND EXISTENTIALISM
Authors: MANDRYSHCHUK Larysa
Published: December 2023

In a non-German-speaking environment is Jaspers sometimes mistakenly called as an existentialist. But Jaspers saw himself as a philosopher of existence, and he sharply criticized existentialism. This error arose because of confusion in the translations of the names Existenzphilosophie and Existentialismus from German into other languages. The difference between these terms was actively discussed immediately after Sartre’s lecture on humanism, in which Sartre, as he thought, announced a new direction in philosophy — existentialism (Existentialisme), to which he also included Jaspers as a religious member of this direction. The purpose of paper is to investigate and analyze Jaspers’ criticism of existentialism and his rejection of it. Because long before Sart re’s lecture, Jaspers wrote about the false philosophical method of the investigation of human being as opposed to the true way — the elucidation of existence (Existenzerhellung), and also noted that he created a new word to denote this false method — existentialism (Existentialismus). While Jaspers understood the elucidation of existence as self-reflection and self-experience, which deepen in the experiences of boundary situations (Grenzsituationen), he considers existentialism as the knowledge of human being as a certain object among other objects. Already later — after Sartre’s lecture — Jaspers began to criticize existentialism as a direction that arose under the influence of the philosophy of existence and as its decline. Jaspers connected existentialism mainly with Sartre and outlined the main grounds of his criticism: existentialism is based on bare abstraction and Sartre’s main slogan — existence (of personality) precedes essence — is an evidence of this; existentialism uses a certain poetic vagueness of some statements, and is an attempt to overcome nihilism through nihilism itself; this philosophy denies the existence of any transcendent basis of human and world. For these reasons, Jaspers rejected existentialism, which is fundamentally different from the philosophy of existence.
THE STRUCTURAL NARRATIVE ANALYSIS IN APPLICATION: THE CASE OF MEANING EXPLICATION
Authors: VERBIVSKA Olena
Published: December 2023

This paper scrutinizes the topic of meaning manifestation and signification made known by the act of interpretation, which amounts to finding the organising principles of a text and rules of combination. The language of narrativity is a set of generational and transformational instances disguising textual content and initiating interpretation as such. The paper discusses the levels of description which assist in tackling the concept of change, or difference in degrees, as the result of both the artificial operation of rewriting the text on various methodological grounds and real dynamics justified by the obvious layers of the plot. The elementary units of meaning articulation covered by this article run the gamut from Roland Barthes’ distributional and integrational narrative units to Algirdas Julien Greimas’ deep and surface structures with special stress on the narrative programs and narrative analysis, which is of primary interest here. The Greimassian narrative grammar successfully describes what exists and how to capture the process of signification. In the end, analytical instruments elaborated by Greimas are effectively adapted to interpret the case of Edgar Allan Poe’s story William Wilson. The story itself is retold and interpreted through narrative formalisation, which consists in speaking of the plot transformations in terms of utterances of states and utterances of doing. Within the framework of narrative structures that emerge on the way to the formalisation of William Wilson, small changes in narrative trajectories seem to be out of sight, not even readable. Contrariwise, Barthes’ touch on what the text is all about enables the reader to be engaged in looser textual interpretations, to gain more variable, highly detailed experience in noticing the slightest movement and tasting each nuance of the overall setting. This paper first and foremost takes on board the structural narrative analysis as it is set out in Greimas’ narrative grammar leading to a special kind of severe narrative absolutism; on top of that, the paper gives a clue of a couple of alternative views on the problem, views represented by Barthes.
“WE MAKE RELIGION”: WHY IS RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE SO IMPORTANT TODAY? Viktoriia Yakusha interview with Jason Alvis
Authors: YAKUSHA Viktoriia , ALVIS Jason
Published: December 2023

The phenomenon of religious experience is of interest to modern researchers in the field of phenomenology and analytical philosophy abroad, but remains unpopular in Ukraine. The interview talks about why philosophy does not stop trying to explore such experiences, and raises the question of the relevance of religion in the age of secularization. Jason Alvis clarifies some points of his project «phenomenology of inconspicuousness» and shares an unpopular view on the work of Martin Heidegger in general and on his concept «eine phenomenologie des Unscheinbaren» in particular. The researcher draws attention to the difference in the reading and interpretation of Heidegger's philosophy in the USA and Europe. J. Alvis responds with his own concept to the challenge of the «spectacle era», which seeks to perceive God as another performance with special effects in the form of a miracle. But the most important thing is that the phenomenologist finally suggests moving away from obsessive dialectics, because God cannot be explained using the categories of «visible» or «invisible». So inconspicuousness does not mean that God cannot be seen. Just the opposite - it can and should be seen in completely everyday moments. Such a vision gives an active role to the subject of religious experience. The philosopher explains why the thesis that religion is irrelevant and unimportant today does not stand up to criticism and points out that in fact there is rather a turn towards religion. The good thesis «We make religion» reflects not only the modern view and possibilities of science in researching this issue. This is a call to fill religion with a new meaning, to finally notice in it a personality whose role could previously be leveled by tradition. In this conversation, you can find the destruction of clich s related to religiosity as such. The text also contains references to modern trends not only in the study of religious experience, but also in the social reinterpretation of the content of this experience through the prism of faith.
IMPROVING THE USE OF GEODETIC, GEOCENTRIC, AND TOPOCENTRIC COORDINATE SYSTEMS IN METEOR ASTRONOMY AND RELATED TASKS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Astronomical Observatory, Kozak P. M. , Luk’yanyk I. V. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Astronomical Observatory, Kozak L. V. ,   aras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Physics, Stelya O. B. ,   aras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Faculty of Computer Sciences and Cybernetics
Published: December 2023

The problem of using the geodetic, geocentric, and topocentric coordinate systems in video observations’ processing of meteors and other dynamical objects in Earth’s atmosphere is considered. For meteor heights in a range of 0…200 km and arbitrary Earth’s ellipsoid latitudes, the following values are calculated: the difference between geodetic and geocentric latitudes, the meridian arc length corresponding to this shift, and the difference between geocentric and geodetic altitudes above the Earth’s ellipsoid. The carried-out calculations allowed us to conclude that the geocentric coordinate system is optimal for the calcula- tion of kinematic parameters of meteors and trajectory measurements of ballistic objects at all-range altitudes and long distances between observation points without using horizontal coordinate systems as intermediate ones. This coordinate system is also used in the computation of heliocentric orbit elements of meteoroids. It is noted that the transition from the geocentric to the geodetic coordinate system is necessary for mapping the projections of the meteor trajectory to search for their remnants — meteorites. The reason is related to the difference between them, which can reach 11 arcmin for objects located at an altitude of 100 km above the level of the Earth’s ellipsoid, which corresponds to the shift of 21 km. The difference between geocentric and geodetic altitudes is inessential and amounts to half a meter at an altitude of 100 km and slightly more than one meter at 200 km and can be neglected in meteor calculations and most ballistic tasks. These considerations formed the basis for our proposed alternative vector method for the inverse transition from geocentric to geodetic coordinates and the numerical solution of the corresponding equation. In order to decrease the calculation time for mass processing, it is recommended to change the numerical processing of the inverse task by fitting it with elementary functions. An example of fitting is given. It brings to the maximal deviation in latitude near one arcmin, which corresponds to approximately 35 meters. It is noted that such precision is satisfactory for meteor measurements, but for ballistic problems, the accuracy of fitting must be improved.
Dansk sygepleje, højere uddannelse og sygeplejerskernes forskning
Authors: Petersen Karin Anna , Høyen Marianne , Ilkjær Ingeborg , Langbehn Florian
Published: December 2023

Dansk sygepleje og højere uddannelse:

et studie om danske sygeplejerskers uddannelsesvej fra titlen sygeplejerske/professionsbachelor til forskeruddannelse/ph.d.

Abstract

Artiklen analyserer hvordan sygeplejerskeforskningen har udviklet sig i perioden 1998 – 2017. Undersøgelsens udgangspunkt er K. A. Petersens Bourdieu-inspirerede arbejde fra 1997. Gennem opgørelser af ph.d.-afhandlingers genstand, videnskabsteoretiske positioner samt forholdet mellem anvendt teori og empiri diskuteres udviklingen: Er ambitionerne fra de tidligere generationer inden for sygeplejevidenskaben lykkes med at etablere sygeplejevidenskab som et selvstændigt fagområde?  

Data er dels et eget indsamlet, kvalitativt datasæt baseret på ph.d.-afhandlinger i perioden (N=230) dels en særkørsel baseret på registerdata som fra Danmarks Statistik (N = 351).

Resultatet af undersøgelsen peger på, at de oprindelige ambitioner ikke er lykkedes, idet sygeplejersker også som forskere er underlagt lægens medicinske klinik, lige som tilfældet har været med grunduddannelsen siden klinikkens fødsel. Omvendt er der i dag inden for sygeplejeområdet, som i resten af samfundet, uddannet ganske mange ph.d.’er. Fordelingen mellem hvad sygeplejerskerne har studeret, er nogenlunde ensartet perioden igennem, men en markant undtagelse inden for især det sekundære sundhedsområde, som de seneste 10 år tegner sig for hovedandelen af ekspansionen. Derimod synes spørgsmålet om sygeplejevidenskab i sig selv ikke at have tiltrukket opmærksomhed.
Participation to avoid elite capture in communication policies
Authors: Linares Alejandro Felix , Segura Maria Soledad
Published: December 2023

How did face the participatory state institutions of communication policies created in Argentina, Ecuador, Mexico and Uruguay the capture by political and economic elites? This article answers this question through a comparative approach. The research addresses regulation and its implementation based on the methodological guide provided by the concept of citizen participation. Diversity, implementation, incidence, autonomy and transparency are the axes that organized the analysis that includes qualitative and quantitative information built from documents, specific bibliography and interviews.

It concludes that participatory bodies occasionally limited the capture of policies or generated valuable experiences in that search, at least temporarily. However, these entities failed to prevent the capture of the policies by economic and political elites. Therefore, they did not reach enough influence to change the communication system. Despite this, it may list a set of unintended and difficult-to-measure positive results that show the enrichment of democratic and civic practices.
Interpretación en lengua de señas en canales de televisión peruanos: percepción de la comunidad sorda
Authors: Perdomo Bexi , Aquije Delgado Paula Fernanda , Lira Angulo Maria Del Carmen , Serpa Dávila Camila Giulianna Natally , López Ferrari Romina Crisalida Lili
Published: December 2023

Access to information is a right that should not be limited by the fact of not being a member of a linguistic majority. The Deaf, as a community characterized by having its own language and culture, suffer this situation because they do not have the same access that hearing people have to what is communicated by the media such as open signal television. This phenomenon was investigated from the point of view of its own actors in order to be able to raise coherent proposals that satisfy their needs. In this sense, a research was proposed with the purpose of knowing the perception of members of the Peruvian deaf community about the interpretation in Peruvian Sign Language (PSL) in open signal television channels in Peru. It was a qualitative study of ethnographic design in which Peruvian Deaf people participated. Group interviews were conducted with the presence of an interpreter known to all interviewees. The results show that the Deaf perceive that there are deficiencies in terms of the number of interpreters and the space dedicated to them on screen. The Deaf experience a feeling of isolation and mockery at the small number of programs that are interpreted and at the appointment of interpreters who do not adequately convey the information. Similarly, they feel that interpreters should be better trained in linguistic diversity and in the use of classifiers and spacing. Based on the findings and their interpretation, the researchers make some final considerations to promote good practices aimed at reducing the gap in access to information for the Peruvian Deaf, based on inclusion and equity.
Portuguese labs and science communication: from tradition to social media
Authors: Santos Diogo , Morais Carla , Zagalo Nelson
Published: December 2023

Science communication is an essential activity for institutions, research units and scientists seeking to reach out to the public, find funding opportunities or career advancement. In this article, we intend to better understand and present the reality of science communication practices in Portuguese research units. A questionnaire was drawn up and data from 124 research centers were analyzed. More traditional communication strategies and methods such as public events, science fairs or open days continue to be a strong ally for scientists and laboratories in Portugal, as does direct communication with journalists through press releases. But social networks, used by 109 of 124 respondents, are becoming crucial in the daily lives of units that seek to communicate the science they produce with the public. The Portuguese scientific community, especially in the areas of Humanities, Engineering and Technology, Medical and Health Sciences, and Natural Sciences, is creative and lively, experimenting in the multimedia space with videos, animations, applications, or podcasts, suggesting that practice in science communication is becoming more demanding, specialized, and focused on finding different ways to reach different audiences.
Women's Health e dinâmicas transmedia: sentidos e discursos na esfera pública (digital)
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro Eduardo Oliveira
Published: December 2023

A capa da revista Women’s Health de julho/agosto de 2020, com a influenciadora digital portuguesa Helena Coelho, foi partilhada nas redes sociais e teve atenção mediática (e.g., Durães, 2020), tendo sido inclusive alvo de um episódio de humor na rubrica Extremamente Desagradável (2020). Com isto, tendo em conta a força das dinâmicas transmédia (e.g., Andrade, 2020), da navegação dos conteúdos além do seu meio de publicação, este trabalho procurou perceber que sentidos e discursos a capa e o episódio da rubrica produziram e produzem e discuti-los criticamente. Num estudo de caráter exploratório, procedeu-se à análise sociossemiótica da capa e à Análise Crítica do Discurso daquele episódio sobre a capa, com um olhar interseccional. Alguns dos resultados detetados foram: a centralização da capa em Helena Coelho, numa aparência física atlética e com feedback facial sorridente e demonstrador de confiança, suportado pelas chamadas de capa no mesmo sentido; o episódio põe em evidência tendências objetificadoras e auto-objetificadoras (e.g., Bernard et al., 2018; Cohen et al., 2018) e o seu privilégio associado ao estatuto enquanto celebridade; e a deslegitimação do humor sobre a capa da influenciadora e ditos e não ditos em torno da mesma capa.
Significance of verbal and visual cues in communicating perfume properties over the Internet
Authors: Barbosa Belem , Oliveira Zaila , Chkoniya Valentina , Mahdavi Mehdi
Published: December 2023

This article fills a gap in the literature by exploring e-shoppers' views on the ability of verbal and visual cues to represent scents of unknown perfumes. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 27 consumers from Brazil, Iran, and Portugal. Results demonstrate that visual cues could complement verbal descriptions in conveying the type of scent of perfumes. In addition, this study identified a set of associations between several colors and types of scents. Overall, this article argues that consistent combinations of perfume components' symbolic and sensory verbal descriptions, colors, and images should be developed to effectively convey the scent of an unknown perfume, which can attract more e-shoppers and eventually boost online sales. Cross-cultural comparisons are also highlighted. The present study advances the knowledge of how perfume companies and e-tailors can take the advantage of implementing sensory cues to facilitate the online purchase of a typical experience product.
Fürû-ı Fıkıhtaki Örnekleri ve Yansımalarıyla Fıkıh Usûlünde Rüşd Kavramı
Authors: ŞAHİN Hasan
Published: December 2023

Rüşd, kişinin aklî ve fikrî gelişimini ifade eder. Dinî mükellefiyet için kişinin reşid olması gerekir. Fukahânın çoğunluğu akıllı ve ergen olmayı rüşd için yeterli bulmamış kişinin reşid sayılması için rüşdünü ispat eden davranışlar sergilemesini gerekli görmüştür. İbn Hazm gibi bazı fakihler ise akıllı ergen kişiyi reşid saymış böylece rüşd vasfını bunlardan ayrı bir kavram olarak düşünmemiştir. Klasik fıkıh usulü eserlerinde genel olarak müstakil bir başlık olarak yer almasa da rüşd, hüküm konusunda mahkûm-ı aleyh başlığı altında ehliyet ile bağlantılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Fıkıhta genelde malı korumak konusunda akla ve ticari kurallara uygun davranmak şeklinde tanımlansa da rüşdün ibadetler, nikâh, talak, ticari konular, borçlar, hibe hatta ceza hukuku ile ilgili birçok hususta etkisi vardır. Bu çalışmamız usul çerçevesinde sınırlandırılmış ve fıkıh usûlünde rüşdün tanımı, önemi, yaş sınırı ve ilgili olduğu konu ve kavramlara fürû-ı fıkıhtaki görünümleriyle birlikte yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın giriş kısmında konunun önemi, amacı ve kapsamına yer verilmiştir. Rüşdün genel tanımı başlığında tüm İslâmî ilimler açısından genel bir tanım yapılmış, fıkhî tanımında ise fıkıh usulü merkezli tanımlara yer verilmiştir. Rüşd yaşı başlığında ise bu konuda fukahânın farklı değerlendirmeleri gerekçeleriyle birlikte ele alınmıştır. Fıkıh usûlünde rüşdün ilişkili olduğu kavramlar başlığında akıl, bulûğ, ehliyet, sefeh ve hacr konuları ele alınmış ve bu kavramların rüşd ile olan ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Fıkıh usûlünde rüşdün ilişkili olduğu konular başlığında da mükellef tutulma ve mükellefiyet şartları açısından rüşd konusu ele alınmıştır. Sonuç kısmında fakihlerin rüşd konusuna yaklaşımları hakkında genel bir değerlendirme yapılmış ve bazı tercihlerde bulunulmuştur.
THE IMPORTANCE OF GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES IN PREPARING LAW STUDENTS FOR LEGAL PRACTICE
Authors: Marc Welgemoed  , Deon Erasmus
Published: December 2023

The gap between university legal education and legal practice significantly contributes to the view that most law graduates are substantially underprepared for entry into legal practice. Consequently, this article suggests that an improvement in the training of law students, as far as preparing them for entry into legal practice is concerned, is necessary. It is argued that this preparation is supported by transformative constitutionalism – that is, after graduation, graduates will be expected to possess certain attributes that will ensure that they are ready for entry into legal practice. It is therefore necessary to investigate and evaluate such graduate attributes, as well as to ascertain the source of the need for such attributes. In this article, the Qualification Standard for the LLB degree, as the source stipulating the standard of proficiency for which the LLB degree should prepare graduates, is also discussed. This is followed by an evaluation of a baseline study into graduate attributes from the perspective of employers. Holistically seen, the qualification standard, as well as the graduate-attributes study, should provide an indication as to whether the LLB degree is adequately preparing law graduates for entry into legal practice. The qualification standard is set out and evaluated on whether, and to what extent, it aligns with the arguments put forth in this article. The research in this article has been conducted by way of a desktop study.
APPLYING PROVISIONS ON FORFEITURE OF PATRIMONIAL BENEFITS TO POLYGYNOUS CUSTOMARY MARRIAGES
Authors: Siyabonga Sibisi
Published: December 2023

The purpose of forfeiture-of-patrimonial provisions (forfeiture) is to ensure that a person does not benefit from the dissolution of a marriage that he or she has wrecked. Forfeiture provisions appear in section 9 of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979 (DA). They were initially designed only for civil marriages in a monogamous setting, and they were designed to apply to the three matrimonial property systems. Strictly speaking, customary marriages were neither in community of property nor out of community of property. Be that as it may, by reason of section 7 of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 (RCMA), the three matrimonial property regimes apply to monogamous customary marriages. In addition, section 8 of the RCMA introduces section 9 of the DA to the dissolution of customary marriages. Monogamous customary marriages do not present a challenge to the application of section 9. It is polygynous customary marriages that present a complex situation. This article considers the application of forfeiture in polygynous customary marriages. It is concerned with a situation where a court orders forfeiture in divorce proceedings between a husband and one of his wives.
ELECTRONIC PERSONS IN CONTRACTS
Authors: Michele van Eck  , Fafa Agbeko
Published: December 2023

Contemporary technological developments have already progressed far beyond the electronic and digital transactions recognised under the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 (ECTA). Internationally, there are calls for the regulation not only of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) but also of sophisticated automated electronic systems and AI that now have the capability to make self-sustainable decisions and exhibit human characteristics (conceptually referred to as electronic persons). The growing legal debate is whether such systems should be afforded equal (or similar) legal status to human beings and thereby have rights and be responsible for duties – that is, be afforded the mantle of legal personhood. Alternatively, should a different liability regime apply to these systems, their operators and creators? Europe has suggested both approaches. First, in 2016, the European Parliament’s Committee on Legal Affairs included recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics that suggested that electronic persons should in the future be recognised as entities having legal status and legal personality. Secondly, in 2020, the European Parliament made recommendations to the Commission on a Civil Liability Regime for Artificial Intelligence, which proposed liability structures for these systems, their operators and creators. If legal recognition were afforded, as initially suggested in 2016, this would constitute something fundamentally different from juristic persons and would have a direct influence on the way contracts are concluded and their consequences. This article explores the concepts of legal status and personality from the perspective of recognised contractual parties (natural and juristic persons), as well as that of a conceptual electronic person, which may manifest itself as either a passive electronic person (more akin to a useful tool and currently recognised under ECTA) or as a sophisticated electronic person (more akin to human-like technology). In doing so, the article explores possible liability structures that could apply to electronic persons in the South African legal framework and concludes that there is a need to update ECTA (and other legislative instruments) so as to recognise and regulate sophisticated automated systems and electronic persons. A failure to do so may mean South Africa is left behind in the wake of technological developments, and may hamper future contractual engagements.
La Ciudad de 15 Minutos como estrategia de desarrollo sostenible y el Plan Director Estratégico del Municipio de São Paulo
Authors: Pereira Lucia Annunciato Cabral , Massonetto Luis Fernando
Published: December 2023

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Alcanzar el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 11 de la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), Ciudades y Comunidades Sostenibles - Hacer que las ciudades y los asentamientos humanos sean inclusivos, seguros, resilientes y sostenibles, es un desafío y una dirección para los planificadores y administradores urbanos de todo el mundo. Considerando que el modelo de Ciudad de 15 Minutos, creado por el arquitecto Carlos Moreno, donde la premisa principal es que todas las personas estén a una distancia máxima de 15 minutos de las principales actividades de la vida diaria, para ser recorridas a pie o en bicicleta, ya sea de las posibles vías para alcanzar el ODS 11, y entendiendo que el Plan Director Estratégico es la ley encargada de orientar el crecimiento y desarrollo de las ciudades, este trabajo pretende investigar la existencia de alineamiento entre el concepto de ciudad de 15 minutos y el Plan Director Estratégico del Municipio de São Paulo – ley nº 16.050/2014, con el objetivo de contribuir al debate sobre la aplicabilidad del modelo de ciudad desarrollado por el arquitecto Carlos Moreno en las grandes metrópolis de los países en desarrollo.
La Importancia del Sentido Crítico Sostenible en la Innovación de Métodos y Procesos de Ingeniería Química
Authors: Almeida Willians Prestes de , Valim Ricardo
Published: December 2023

El desarrollo de un sentido crítico permite explorar las potencialidades y oportunidades que ofrece la vida de manera racional, equilibrada y ética. Una persona abierta a reflexionar sobre los conocimientos adquiridos combinados con los nuevos conocimientos que adquiere a lo largo de la vida crea un escenario propicio para una percepción crítica de la realidad y luego logra desarrollar conocimientos y mejorar ideas. El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar que el desarrollo del sentido crítico permite que los profesionales sean más capaces de tener éxito en un trabajo debido a la capacidad de estar siempre buscando nuevas alternativas para resolver problemas. Los primeros resultados muestran que los profesionales dotados de conceptos que apuntan al aspecto reflexivo son menos tolerantes a aceptar pasivamente los argumentos ajenos. La historia demuestra que los métodos y procesos siempre están cambiando para seguir el ritmo de la evolución de la sociedad, por ejemplo, la aparición de las primeras máquinas para realizar actividades imposibles de hacer manualmente. Puede decirse que estos avances se dieron a partir del movimiento reflexivo pleno de sentido crítico. En ese sentido, la relevancia de esta investigación radica en comprender que el desarrollo del sentido crítico en un profesional de Ingeniería Química es necesario para una constante evolución de métodos y procesos aplicables a la profesión. Se concluye que el sentido crítico permite tanto al profesional en ejercicio como al que aspira a esta profesión reflexionar sobre qué caminos tomar para convertirse en un profesional no solo calificado sino éticamente comprometido con sus valores.
La influencia del Diseño Biofílico en las escuelas de América
Authors: Santos Julia Ferrari Rodrigues dos , Trapano Patrizia Di , Souza Wesley do Canto
Published: December 2023

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la influencia de los conceptos de diseño biofílico en ambientes escolares, a través de un estudio conceptual y una evaluación cualitativa de cuatro escuelas en América Latina. Luego de explorar los conceptos de biofilia, su aplicación y los potenciales beneficios para el proceso de aprendizaje y el bienestar humano, se realizó un estudio para comprender la relación entre la arquitectura, la biofilia y el cuerpo humano, con el fin de analizar la influencia del ritmo circadiano. ciclo y su producción hormonal con las necesidades que presenta el diseño biofílico en el contexto de la arquitectura de los ambientes escolares. Al final, con base en la literatura, se definieron parámetros de comparación para identificar los elementos biofílicos en las escuelas analizadas, que fueron comparados entre sí y que permitieron un marco de consideraciones finales a través del análisis comparativo entre las alternativas desde la perspectiva de estos predeterminados. elementos. Los resultados revelaron que CIEP 284 no tiene características biofílicas, mientras que las otras tres escuelas tienen estructuras biofílicas, como vegetación, iluminación natural y principios biomiméticos.
Calidad del agua en Soluciones Alternativas Colectivas en la Región de Salud Francisco Beltrão – PR
Authors: Plein Ivonete Terezinha Tremea , Leme Rosana Cristina Biral
Published: December 2023

Entre los diversos temas ambientales de la llamada sociedad del riesgo, la preocupación por la calidad del agua se encuentra entre los más relevantes. En ese escenario, hubo un crecimiento exponencial en la perforación de pozos artesianos, con la esperanza de garantizar la calidad del agua consumida en las zonas rurales. Este artículo presenta resultados preliminares de la tesis doctoral y tiene como objetivo relevar y sistematizar datos de las Soluciones Alternativas Colectivas para el abastecimiento de agua rural (SAC) en los 27 municipios de la 8ª Región de Salud de Francisco Beltrão y analizar los datos en relación con cuatro parámetros de calidad (turbidez, cloro residual libre, coliformes totales y Escherichia coli) obtenidos de la base de datos del Sisagua con relación al año 2021. La originalidad y relevancia de esta investigación radica en el uso sin precedentes de esta base de datos en tesis, disertaciones y artículos. Los resultados muestran que en el año 2021, de un total de 4.108 muestras, 240 (5,84%) estaban contaminadas con Escherichia coli y 767 (18,67%) contenían coliformes totales. Como principales aportes sociales y ambientales, esta investigación servirá de base para la elaboración de materiales didácticos para la educación ambiental y subsidio para la elaboración y revisión de políticas de saneamiento básico en los municipios.
Campamentos temporales de emergencia planificados
Authors: Rosario Victoria de Oliveira , Rodrigues Mara Regina Pagliuso , Librelotto Lisiane Ilha
Published: December 2023

El análisis del panorama socioeconómico reciente indica la falta de calidad de la vivienda donde reside gran parte de la población mundial, incluyendo barrios marginales, asentamientos irregulares y viviendas de inquilinato. Estas viviendas precarias presentan riesgos y vulnerabilidades que, ante situaciones de fenómenos naturales como las lluvias, pueden derivar en desastres. Las personas afectadas por estos desastres naturales necesitan buscar refugios temporales, a menudo compuestos por estructuras desmontables y transportables. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar, de forma exploratoria, los albergues temporales que pueden ser utilizados en Campamentos Temporales Planificados (CPT). La metodología implicó revisión bibliográfica, análisis de proyectos y recopilación de resultados. Se identificaron siete tipos de albergues con usos históricos y contemporáneos. Se observó el uso de diversos materiales que brindan diferentes niveles de comodidad a los usuarios.
Análisis de factibilidad de ampliación de la recolección selectiva en propiedades rurales en el municipio de Tupi Paulista – SP
Authors: Simionatto Henzo Henrique , Santos Arthur Pereira dos , Silva Darllan Collins da Cunha e , Américo-Pinheiro Juliana Heloisa Pinê , Carvalho Sérgio Luís de
Published: December 2023

La práctica del manejo y manejo de residuos sólidos es indispensable en cualquier espacio habitado por la especie humana. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la viabilidad de la expansión de la recolección selectiva en pequeñas propiedades rurales en el municipio de Tupi Paulista - SP. Para ello, se elaboró ​​y aplicó un cuestionario cualitativo; propiedades rurales mapeadas y gráficas trazadas para análisis de resultados; y, por último, mediante un folleto educativo, se trabajó la Educación Ambiental (EA). Con los resultados obtenidos, fue posible observar puntos positivos: conocimiento de los trabajadores rurales sobre conceptos y prácticas de manejo y manejo de residuos sólidos, y puntos negativos: inadecuada disposición final adoptada por los propietarios rurales, donde la gran mayoría quema o entierra su material generado. . Se concluye con este estudio que es factible ampliar la recolección selectiva en pequeñas propiedades rurales en Tupi Paulista - SP. Además, los resultados sirven como fuente de mejora en el manejo de los residuos sólidos en las diferentes comunidades, pudiendo además sumar métodos logísticos en beneficio del almacenamiento y transporte de los residuos generados.
Análisis del gasto público en salud y su impacto en los indicadores de covid-19 en las unidades federativas de Brasil
Authors: Lucas Gabriel Freri , Gottardi Lorenzo , Pellini Alessandra Cristina Guedes
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las políticas públicas de salud, operadas por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), son los principales instrumentos del Estado brasileño en la respuesta a la pandemia de la COVID-19. Los recursos destinados a la salud fueron elementos esenciales para asegurar la vida de los brasileños durante la pandemia. OBJETIVO: Verificar cómo los estados y el Distrito Federal ejecutaron sus presupuestos en el año 2020, con énfasis en los gastos en la función salud y, de forma comparativa, comprender si hubo relación entre el gasto per cápita y los indicadores de la COVID -19 pandemia. MÉTODOS: La recopilación de datos relacionados con las muertes por COVID-19 se realizó utilizando información proporcionada por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil, y los datos presupuestarios se obtuvieron de la publicación de informes resumidos de ejecución presupuestaria por parte del Tesoro Nacional. RESULTADOS: Algunas Unidades de la Federación mostraron el comportamiento esperado - alto nivel de gasto y baja mortalidad por COVID-19; pero también se comprobó lo contrario. El análisis de regresión no lineal entre el gasto sanitario per cápita y la tasa de letalidad de la COVID-19 explicó el 24,4 % de la variabilidad de los datos. CONCLUSIÓN: El apoyo presupuestario adecuado para medidas de salud en diferentes niveles puede ayudar a reducir alrededor del 25% de la letalidad de COVID-19. Se constató que la relación entre el gasto en salud per cápita y la tasa de letalidad por COVID-19 no es uniforme en todos los estados brasileños. Los resultados de este trabajo refuerzan la idea de que existe un monto máximo a gastar por habitante en salud que impacta directamente en las muertes por COVID-19.
Inundaciones desde la perspectiva de las dinámicas territoriales y los ODS en la Amazonía Legal: ciudades y comunidades sostenibles
Authors: Santos George Luiz Pereira , Souza Lucas Barbosa e
Published: December 2023

Los desastres ambientales en sus diversas formas (inundaciones, aluviones, derrumbes, terremotos, tsunamis, incendios forestales, entre otros) se han presentado como un problema frecuente a escala global, nacional y local. En Brasil, las inundaciones aparecen como uno de los eventos más recurrentes y resultan en severos daños y pérdidas. En el bioma amazónico, esta realidad no es diferente, varias ciudades sufren hechos de este tipo. Los extremos de inundación tienen una relación directa con los fenómenos físico-naturales (amenaza), como las lluvias intensas, y la exposición de la población a estos eventos (vulnerabilidad), como la ocupación (dinámica territorial) de áreas susceptibles al aumento de los niveles de agua. , dando lugar a los riesgos de que se materialice un desastre. El objetivo de este artículo es trazar un panorama de la relación entre inundaciones, dinámica territorial y planificación urbana, con el objetivo de reducir los riesgos de estos eventos, así como minimizar sus impactos. La metodología se basó en la investigación bibliográfica y documental. Como resultado, se constató que varias ciudades de la Amazonía Legal enfrentan problemas de inundaciones como consecuencia de sus procesos de formación y dinámicas territoriales, a orillas de los cursos de agua. La planificación urbana, en sinergia con lo que se propugna en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), en particular el ODS-11 (Ciudades e Comunidades Sostenibles), puede contribuir a reducir los riesgos y minimizar los impactos de estos desastres.
Asociativismo en la agricultura familiar y medios de implementación del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible N° 2
Authors: Mota Jéssica de Jesus Santos
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las alianzas locales basadas en asociaciones y qué medios se han buscado para la implementación del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 2 – Hambre cero y agricultura sostenible a partir de políticas agrícolas: el Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar (PNAE) y el Programa de Adquisición de Alimentos (PAA). ). Metodológicamente, la investigación utilizó una revisión bibliográfica basada en la lectura de libros, artículos científicos y fuentes electrónicas para fundamentar el análisis propuesto. Los resultados de las encuestas realizadas indican que el PAA y el PNAE son de gran importancia en el contexto de mejorar los indicadores de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, así como promover una agricultura más sostenible.