bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endothelial cells incubated with platelet‐rich plasma express PDGF‐B and ICAM‐1 and induce bone marrow stromal cell migration
Authors: Cenni Elisabetta , Ciapetti Gabriela , Granchi Donatella , Fotia Caterina , Perut Francesca , Giunti Armando , Baldini Nicola
Published: April 2009

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is used to accelerate bone repair through the growth factors released by platelets. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if PRP induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to express mRNA for osteogenic growth factors and stimulate the migration of bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC). The effects of PRP were compared to those induced by vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) or, as a negative control, by platelet poor plasma (PPP). After incubation with PRP, but not with PPP, HUVEC showed an increased expression of mRNA for platelet derived growth factor‐B (PDGF‐B), and this effect was not inhibited by an anti‐VEGF‐A antibody. The migration of BMSC was more stimulated by HUVEC incubated with PRP than by HUVEC incubated with low serum medium or PPP. Besides, PRP increased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and osteoprotegerin, but did not affect the expression either of the receptor activator for nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) or of RANK. These findings support the hypothesis that PRP contribute to bone repair by favoring the pro‐osteogenic function of endothelial cells, including the recruitment of osteoblast precursors and the expression of adhesion molecules for monocyte/macrophages, while inhibiting their pro‐osteolytic properties. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1493–1498, 2009
Characterization of pottery from the Republic of Macedonia I: Raman analyses of Byzantine glazed pottery excavated from Prilep and Skopje (12th–14th century)
Authors: Tanevska Vinka , Colomban Philippe , Minčeva‐Šukarova Biljana , Grupče Orhideja
Published: April 2009

In order to gain some understanding of and to characterize the materials used in Byzantine glazed ceramic finds in the Republic of Macedonia, as well as to obtain information on their manufacturing technology, micro‐Raman spectra of 15 representative glazed shards, all dated from 12th to 14th century, were recorded. The elemental composition of the body and glaze of selected shards was obtained by scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM‐EDXS). At least 17 different minerals in the ceramic body were identified from the Raman spectra, among which were a variety of feldspars (microcline, albite and sanidine) as well as andradite, apatite and forsterite. According to the identified minerals, locations of the used raw materials in the vicinity of the archaeological sites are proposed. There is a good correlation between the polymerization index derived from the Raman spectra and the lead content obtained from the SEM‐EDXS analyses, therefore the firing temperature of the analyzed glazes could be assessed. The SEM‐EDXS analyses showed the presence of different coloring agents (Cu, Co, Cr, Sb) as well as opacifying (Sb) and fluxing (Pb) agents in the glaze matrix. The content of P2O5 in the glaze of one of the shards is also discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systemic inflammatory response predicts postoperative outcome in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Ishizuka Mitsuru , Kita Junji , Shimoda Mitsugi , Rokkaku Kyu , Kato Masato , Sawada Tokihiko , Kubota Keiichi
Published: April 2009

Background

Few studies have investigated the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer (LM‐CRC).

Methods

The GPS was calculated as follows: patients with both an elevated level of CRP (>10 mg/L) and hypoalbuminemia (Alb <35 g/L) were allocated a score of 2, and patients showing one or neither of these blood chemistry abnormalities were allocated a score of 1 or 0, respectively.

Results

Ninety‐three patients were evaluated retrospectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis and log rank test revealed that a higher GPS predicted a higher postoperative death (P < 0.0001). Univariate analysis revealed that sex, number of hepatectomy, number of tumors, synchronous lung metastasis and CRP were associated with postoperative death. Multivariate analysis revealed that number of hepatectomy (odds ratio, 3.193; 95% CI, 1.093–9.330; P = 0.0338), number of tumors (odds ratio, 2.946; 95% CI, 1.094–7.931; P = 0.0325), synchronous lung metastasis (odds ratio, 3.424; 95% CI, 1.055–11.11; P = 0.0404) and CRP (odds ratio, 4.509; 95% CI, 1.313–15.49; P = 0.0167) were associated with postoperative death.

Conclusions

GPS is able to classify patients with LM‐CRC into three independent groups. Among the selected factors, CRP is considered an important and high sensitive predictor of postoperative death in such patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:38–42. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgery does not adversely affect survival in primary gastrointestinal lymphoma
Authors: Cheung Michael C. , Housri Nadine , Ogilvie Michael P. , Sola Juan E. , Koniaris Leonidas G.
Published: April 2009

Objective

To evaluate the impact of surgery on gastrointestinal lymphoma.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried from 1973 to 2005.

Results

A total of 17,222 cases of PGIL were identified. The overall incidence of PGIL was approximately 1.505 cases per 100,000. A significantly increasing incidence for PGIL was observed (APC = +4.67, P < 0.05). In the cases for which treatment data was available, resection occurred in roughly half of the patients. In univariate analysis, surgical extirpation did not improve survival (47 months vs. 76 months, P < 0.001), while radiation treatment improved median survival (77 months vs. 59 months, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed increasing age and male gender as independent predictors of decreased overall survival. Tumor location also was a significant predictor of outcome. Large B‐cell lymphoma type PGIL had a poorer prognosis than marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma. By multivariate analysis, surgery was not found to increase the risk of death (HR = 0.99).

Conclusions

No associated survival benefit for surgery in the treatment in gastrointestinal lymphoma was observed. Determination of lymphoma should preclude surgical resection. Nonetheless, inadvertent extirpative surgery or in association with perforation does not appear to increase mortality. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:59–64. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of C18 silica bonded phases selectivity in micellar liquid chromatography
Authors: Kulikov Artem U. , Galat Marina N.
Published: April 2009

The paper describes a new test designed in micellar LC (MLC) to compare the commercial C18 stationary phase properties. This test provides the total hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, steric selectivity, hydrogen bonding, and ion‐exchange capacity properties calculation of the ODS stationary phases. Both the test compounds and chromatographic separation conditions choice for column characterization in MLC are detailed. The chromatographic performance of several stationary phases that are used in MLC was evaluated with specific chromatographic test comprising nine test compounds, possessing different physico‐chemical properties, which were injected on different supports with two micellar mobile phases: one at pH 7.0 (0.075 mol/L SDS and 1.5% v/v 1‐pentanol), and other at pH 2.7 (0.075 mol/L SDS and 1.5% v/v 1‐pentanol adjusted to pH by TFA). Fundamental column chromatographic properties were obtained under these conditions and were treated by hierarchical cluster analysis. From the results of cluster analysis, two closely related groups of columns are distinguished, and it was shown that the chosen column characteristic parameters allow characterizing both sorbent and micellar chromatographic system properties. Eleven columns were analyzed by this test, which allows a comparison of columns with the aim of the selection of suitable and analogous column for the analysis with MLC.
Determination of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate in environmental samples by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
Authors: Garrido Frenich Antonia , de las Nieves Barco Bonilla María , López Martínez Juan Carlos , Martínez Vidal José Luis , Romero‐González Roberto
Published: April 2009

Di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) was determined in environmental samples such as water and soil. DEHP was extracted from water samples using SPE, whereas for soils pressurized liquid extraction was applied as extraction method, using hexane/acetone (1:1, v/v) as extractant solvent. The use of HPLC coupled to MS provides the basis of the selective determination of DEHP in the analyzed samples. The extraction procedures were validated and good results were found. Recoveries were ranged from 86.0 to 99.8% with RSD lower than 18% and LODs were 0.02 mg/kg and 0.03 μg/L for soils and water, respectively. Finally, the optimized methods were applied to the analysis of real samples and DEHP was not found above the LOQ (0.05 mg/kg) in soil samples whereas it was detected in water samples at concentrations ranging between 0.19 to 0.88 μg/L.
Mechanism of interaction of DNA bases with dichloro‐[1‐alkyl‐2‐(naphthylazo)imidazole]palladium(II) complexes: A cytosine case
Authors: Ghosh Pradip Kumar , Saha Sushanta , Mahapatra Ambikesh
Published: April 2009

Interaction of cytosine (C) with dichloro‐[1‐alkyl‐2‐(α‐naphthylazo)imidazole]‐palladium(II) [Pd(α‐NaiR)Cl2, 1] and dichloro‐[1‐alkyl‐2‐(β‐naphthylazo)imidazole]‐palladium(II) [Pd(β‐NaiR)Cl2, 2] complexes {where alkyl R = Me (a), Et (b) or Bz (c)} in acetonitrile (MeCN)‐water (50% v/v) medium to yield [{1‐alkyl‐2‐(α‐naphthylazo)‐imidazole}bis(cytosine)]palladium(II)dichloride (3a, 3b, 3c) and [{1‐alkyl‐2‐(β‐naphthylazo)‐imidazole}bis(cytosine)]palladium(II)dichloride (4a, 4b, 4c) was studied. The products were characterized by microanalytical data and spectroscopic techniques (FT‐IR, UV–vis, and NMR). The reaction kinetics show first‐order dependence of the rate on each of the concentration of Pd(II) complex and C. External addition of Cl− ion (LiCl) did not influence this nucleophilic substitution rate process and has proved the cleavage of first PdCl bond is the rate‐determining step. Thermodynamic parameters standard enthalpy of activation (Δ‡Ho) and standard entropy of activation (Δ‡So) were determined from variable temperature kinetic studies. The negative values of Δ‡So indicate that the reaction proceeds through an associative inner sphere mechanism. The magnitude of the second‐order rate constant k2 increases in the following order: Pd(NaiEt)Cl2 (b) < Pd(NaiMe)Cl2 (a) < Pd(NaiBz)Cl2 (c) as well as Pd(α‐NaiR)Cl2 (1) < Pd(β‐NaiR)Cl2 (2), which corroborates with the experimental Δ‡Ho values. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 463–472, 2009
Mechanism of oxidation of alanine by chloroaurate(III) complexes in acid medium: Kinetics of the rate processes
Authors: Sen Pratik K. , Gani Nasimul , Midya Jayanta K. , Pal Biswajit
Published: April 2009

The kinetics of the oxidation of alanine by chloroaurate(III) complexes in acetate buffer medium has been investigated. The major oxidation product of alanine has been identified as acetaldehyde by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Under the experimental conditions, AuCl and AuCl3(OH)− are the effective oxidizing species of gold(III). The reaction is first order with respect to Au(III) as well as alanine. The effects of H+ and Cl− on the second‐order rate constant k2′ have been analyzed, and accordingly the rate law has been deduced: k2′ = (k1[H+][Cl−] + k3K4K5)/(K4K5 + [H+][Cl−]). Increasing dielectric constant of the medium has an accelerating effect on the reaction rate. Activation parameters associated with the overall reaction have been calculated. A mechanism involving the two effective oxidizing species of gold(III) and zwitterionic species of alanine, consistent with the rate law, has been proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 473–482, 2009
Gamma knife radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas: Results of hearing preservation in relation to the cochlear radiation dose
Authors: Timmer Ferdinand C. A. , Hanssens Patrick E. J. , van Haren Anniek E. P. , Mulder Jef J. S. , Cremers Cor W. R. J. , Beynon Andy J. , van Overbeeke Jacobus J. , Graamans Kees
Published: April 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

This study was designed to evaluate hearing preservation after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and to determine the relation between hearing preservation and cochlear radiation dose in patients with a sporadic vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Methods:

Prospective study involving patients suffering from VS who received GKRS from June 2003 until November 2007. Pure tone and speech audiometry were conducted before and after GKRS. The thresholds at pure tone audiometry were taken as a measure of hearing. Pure tone average (PTA) was defined as the mean threshold at 0.5 kHz, 1.0 kHz, 2.0 kHz, and 4.0 kHz. Hearing was classified according to the 2003 consensus meeting in Tokyo. Stereotactic surgery was performed using a Leksell 4C Gamma Knife (Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden).

Results:

A total of 69 patients were included in the study. Mean tumor size was 17 mm. Mean marginal dose at the tumor was 11.0 Gy (range, 9.3 Gy–12.3 Gy), mean maximal dose was 19.7 Gy (range, 16 Gy–25.5 Gy). Mean maximal dose at the cochlea was 10.27 Gy (range, 3.1 Gy–16.1 Gy), and mean minimal dose at the cochlea was 2.6 Gy (range, 0.9 Gy–7.4 Gy). Mean PTA before GKRS was 43 dB (standard deviation [SD] 20 dB), mean PTA after GKRS was 63 dB (SD 30 dB). Mean interval between pre‐GKRS audiometry and GKRS was 8.0 months. Between GKRS and post‐GKRS audiometry, mean interval was 14.2 months. Hearing was considered to be preserved (max +1 class, Tokyo classification) in 52 (75%) of 69 patients. However, only 32 patients had class A, B, or C (serviceable hearing) before GKRS. Within this group, only 13 patients (41%) had a hearing class A, B, or C after GKRS. A significant relation was found between the maximal cochlear dose and the difference in PTA before and after GKRS.

Conclusions:

Hearing preservation is correlated to the maximal radiation dose at the cochlea. The purpose of developing GKRS techniques was to avoid collateral damage in healthy tissues. This study emphasizes the need for exact radiation planning to reduce the cochlear radiation dose if the hearing is to be preserved. Laryngoscope, 2009
Long‐term great auricular nerve morbidity after sacrifice during parotidectomy
Authors: Ryan William R. , Fee Willard E.
Published: April 2009

Objectives/Hypothesis:

To clarify the extent and patient perspectives of great auricular nerve (GAN) morbidity and recovery after nerve sacrifice during parotidectomy 4 to 5 years after surgery.

Study Design:

Prospective series.

Methods:

Twenty‐two patients who underwent parotidectomy with GAN sacrifice and were previously studied for GAN sensory outcome during the first postoperative year. We performed light touch sensation tests on each patient to develop an ink map representing anesthesia and paresthesia in the GAN sensory territory; patients also completed an outcomes questionnaire.

Results:

Nineteen (86%) of 22 patients completed follow‐up. One patient completed the questionnaire over the phone. The prevalence and average areas of anesthesia and paresthesia decreased since the first postoperative year according to sensory testing and patient scoring. At 4 to 5 years, 47% (9 of 19) of the patients had anesthesia, 58% (11 of 19) had paresthesia, and 26% (5 of 19) had neither anesthesia nor paresthesia during sensory testing. Patients reported that the GAN dysfunction brought them no to mild inference with their daily activities. At a mean point of 2 years, 70% (14 of 20) patients felt that their sensory symptoms had either completely abated or stabilized.

Conclusions:

The posterior branch of the GAN should be preserved if it does not compromise tumor resection. If this is not possible, the patient and surgeon should be comforted in that only minor, if any, long‐term disability will ensue. Laryngoscope, 2009
Improved outcome of adult recipients with a high model for end-stage liver disease score and a small-for-size graft
Authors: Yi Nam-Joon , Suh Kyung-Suk , Lee Hae Won , Shin Woo Young , Kim Juhyun , Kim Won , Kim Yoon Jun , Yoon Jung-Hwan , Lee Hyo-Suk , Lee Kuhn Uk
Published: April 2009

Although adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation (ALDLT) has shown comparable outcomes to deceased donor liver transplantation, the outcome of patients with a high MELD score (>25) and a small-for-size graft (SFSG<0.8% of graft-to-recipient weight ratio) is not known. For 7 years, 167 consecutive hepatitis B virus-infected recipients underwent ALDLT at our institution. Based on their MELD score without additional score for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the recipients were divided into Group L (low MELD score, n = 105) or Group H (high MELD score, n = 62). To analyze the risk of the graft size, the patients were further stratified as follows: Group Hs (high MELD score and SFSG, n = 11), Hn (high MELD score and normal size graft, n = 51), Ls (low MELD score and SFSG, n = 18), and Ln (low MELD score and normal size graft, n = 87). The primary endpoint was one-year patient survival rate (1-YSR). The mean follow-up period was 32.6 months. The mean MELD scores were 17.1 in Group L and 32.6 in Group H. Group H had more patients with the complications of cirrhosis but less patients with HCC than Group L (p < 0.05). However, major morbidity rates and 1-YSR were similar in comparisons between Group L (46.7% and 86.7%) and H (59.7% and 83.8%) (p > 0.05). 1-YSR was similar among Group Hs (72.7%), Hn (86.3%), Ls (83.3%), and Ln (88.5%) groups (p = 0.278). The multivariate analysis revealed accompanying HCC and the year of transplant were risk factors for poor 1-YSR. However, 1-YSR without HCC patients was also similar in comparisons between group L (90.2%) and H (91.7%) (p = 0.847), and among Group Hs (80.0%), Hn (94.7%), Ls (72.7%), and Ln (96.7%) (p = 0.072). In conclusion, high MELD score (>25) didn't predict 1-YSR in ALDLT. Improvement of the 1-YSR might be affected by center's experience as well as the selection of patients with low risk of recurrence of HCC.
Acute kidney injury following liver transplantation: Definition and outcome
Authors: Barri Yousri M. , Sanchez Edmund Q. , Jennings Linda W. , Melton Larry B. , Hays Steven , Levy Marlon F. , Klintmalm Goran B.
Published: April 2009

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported to vary between 17% and 95% post–orthotopic liver transplantation. This variability may be related to the absence of a uniform definition of AKI in this setting. The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of AKI that is associated with long-term adverse outcome. Furthermore, to determine the best definition (for use in future studies) of AKI not requiring dialysis in post–liver transplant patients, we retrospectively reviewed the effect of 3 definitions of AKI post–orthotopic liver transplantation on renal and patient outcome between 1997 and 2005. We compared patients with AKI to a control group without AKI by each definition. AKI was defined in 3 groups as an acute rise in serum creatinine, from the pretransplant baseline, of >0.5 mg/dL, >1.0 mg/dL, or >50% above baseline to a value above 2 mg/dL. In all groups, the glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower at both 1 and 2 years post-transplant. Patient survival was worse in all groups. Graft survival was worse in all groups. The incidence of AKI was highest in the group with a rise in creatinine of >0.5 mg/dL (78%) and lowest in patients with a rise in creatinine of >50% above 2.0 mg/dL (14%). Even mild AKI, defined as a rise in serum creatinine of >0.5 mg/dL, was associated with reduced patient and graft survival. However, in comparison with the other definitions, the definition of AKI with the greatest impact on patient's outcome post–liver transplant was a rise in serum creatinine of >50% above baseline to >2 mg/dL.
Gene expression profiling of acute cellular rejection in rat liver transplantation using DNA microarrays
Authors: Hama Naoki , Yanagisawa Yuka , Dono Keizo , Kobayashi Shogo , Marubashi Shigeru , Nagano Hiroaki , Umeshita Koji , Watanabe Shinya , Uchiyama Yasuo , Monden Morito
Published: April 2009

Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is still a major problem in organ transplantation, and its genetic and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We used DNA microarrays to investigate the gene expression profiles in ACR. We hypothesized that changes of gene expression in grafts could also be detected in peripheral blood leukocytes. We first compared the gene expression profiles in liver isografts (Lewis to Lewis) and allografts (Dark Agouti to Lewis) harvested from rats at days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after transplantation. Hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that gene expression started to change on day 3, and 89 differentially expressed genes were extracted from allografts in comparison with isografts at day 3. Most of the up-regulated genes were associated with graft-infiltrating leukocytes. We then confirmed the similarity of gene expression changes in peripheral leukocytes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also investigated the gene expression changes in other inflammatory and liver dysfunction models. Two interferon-gamma inducible genes, interferon regulatory factor 1 and guanylate nucleotide binding protein 2, were overexpressed in both the peripheral leukocytes and liver graft during ACR. Although further studies are necessary, these 2 genes in peripheral leukocytes could be potentially useful markers for rejection or immunosuppression.
The therapeutic potential of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's jelly in the treatment of rat liver fibrosis
Authors: Tsai Pei-Chun , Fu Tz-Win , Chen Yi-Ming Arthur , Ko Tsui-Ling , Chen Tien-Hua , Shih Yang-Hsin , Hung Shih-Chieh , Fu Yu-Show
Published: April 2009

We investigated the effect of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) from Wharton's jelly on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)–induced liver fibrosis in rats. Rats were treated with CCl4 for 4 weeks, and this was followed by a direct injection of HUMSCs into their livers. After 4 more weeks of CCl4 treatment (8 weeks in all), rats with HUMSC transplants [CCl4 (8W)+HUMSC liver] exhibited a significant reduction in liver fibrosis, as evidenced by Sirius red staining and a collagen content assay, in comparison with rats treated with CCl4 for 8 weeks without HUMSC transplants [CCl4 (8W)]. Moreover, rats in the CCl4 (8W)+HUMSC (liver) group had significantly lower levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-β1 in the liver, whereas the expression of hepatic mesenchymal epithelial transition factor–phosphorylated type (Met-P) and hepatocyte growth factor was up-regulated, in comparison with the CCl4 (8W) group. Notably, engrafted HUMSCs scattered mostly in the hepatic connective tissue but did not differentiate into hepatocytes expressing human albumin or α-fetoprotein. Instead, these engrafted, undifferentiated HUMSCs secreted a variety of bioactive cytokines that may restore liver function and promote regeneration. Human cytokine assay revealed that the amounts of human cutaneous T cell–attracting chemokine, leukemia inhibitory factor, and prolactin were substantially greater in the livers of the CCl4 (8W)+HUMSC (liver) group, with considerably reduced hepatic inflammation manifested by a micro positron emission tomography scan. Our findings suggest that xenogeneic transplantation of HUMSCs is a novel approach for treating liver fibrosis and may be a promising therapeutic intervention in the future.
Follow-up of Chinese liver transplant recipients in Hong Kong
Authors: Fan Sheung Tat , Wang Haibo , Lam Banny K.
Published: April 2009

The outcome of liver transplantation in China remains speculative. From 1998 to 2007, 177 adult Hong Kong patients underwent liver transplantation in China and were subsequently followed up at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. One hundred six (59.9%) patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The grafts were probably derived from uncontrolled non–heart-beating donors. The 1-month mortality rate was 4.0%. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 73.9%, 59.0%, and 53.9%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rates for non-HCC, HCC, HCC (within the Milan criteria), and HCC (beyond the Milan criteria) patients were 66.3%, 44%, 58%, and 26.2%, respectively. The long-term survival was compromised by the high incidence of HCC recurrence and graft failure secondary to diffuse intrahepatic biliary strictures. The overall survival rate of the entire group was lower than that of the patients receiving deceased donor liver grafts at Queen Mary Hospital in the same period. For non-HCC patients, however, the 5-year survival rate of 66.3% was comparable to that of recent reports from the Western world.
Postreperfusion syndrome during liver transplantation for cirrhosis: Outcome and predictors
Authors: Paugam-Burtz Catherine , Kavafyan Juliette , Merckx Paul , Dahmani Souhayl , Sommacale Daniel , Ramsay Michael , Belghiti Jacques , Mantz Jean
Published: April 2009

During orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), a marked decrease in blood pressure following unclamping of the portal vein and liver reperfusion is frequently observed and is termed postreperfusion syndrome (PRS). The predictive factors and clinical consequences of PRS are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to identify predictors of PRS and morbidity/mortality associated with its occurrence during OLT in patients with cirrhosis. During a 3-year period, all consecutive OLT procedures performed in patients with cirrhosis were studied. Exclusion criteria were OLT for acute liver failure, early retransplantation, combined liver/kidney transplantation, and living-donor related transplantation. PRS was defined as a decrease in the mean arterial pressure of more than 30% of the value observed in the anhepatic stage, for more than 1 minute during the first 5 minutes after reperfusion of the graft. Transplantation was performed with preservation of the inferior vena cava with or without temporary portocaval shunt. Associations between PRS and donor and recipient demographic data, recipient operative and postoperative outcomes were tested with bivariate statistics. Independent predictors of PRS were determined in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Of the 75 patients included in the study, 20 patients (25%) developed PRS. In a multivariable analysis, absence of a portocaval shunt [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 4.42 (1.18-17.6)] and duration of cold ischemia [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.34 (1.07-1.72)] were independent predictors of PRS. Patients who experienced PRS displayed more postoperative renal failure and lower early (<15 days after OLT) survival (80% versus 96%; P = 0.04). In conclusion, the absence of portocaval shunt and the duration of cold ischemia were independent predictors of intraoperative PRS. PRS was associated with significant adverse postoperative outcome. These results provide realistic clinical targets to improve patient outcome after OLT for cirrhosis.
Motor‐related circuit dysfunction in MSA‐P: Usefulness of combined whole‐brain imaging analysis
Authors: Tir Mélissa , Delmaire Christine , le Thuc Vianney , Duhamel Alain , Destée Alain , Pruvo Jean‐Pierre , Defebvre Luc
Published: April 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo changes in the brain's macro‐ and microstructure (notably in the motor system) in the parkinsonian variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA‐P) and in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to characterize the cerebral anatomical differences between the two conditions. We used a combination of voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and whole‐brain, voxel‐based diffusion tensor imaging analysis (VB‐DTI). Forty‐seven right‐handed subjects (14 MSA‐P patients, 19 PD patients, and 14 controls) were evaluated using VBM and VB‐DTI in an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with a significance threshold set to P < 0.005. In MSA‐P patients, VBM analysis revealed a lower density of grey matter (GM) in a motor‐related circuit (especially in the left primary motor cortex, PMC), relative to PD patients, and in the left supplementary motor area (SMA), relative to controls). Diffusion tensor imaging analysis revealed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the left PMC and the right cerebellum in MSA‐P patients, compared with controls. Using a volumetric diffusion technique, our study revealed selective tissue degeneration in motor circuits, regardless of the volume loss detected in VBM and in agreement with pathology reports and clinical motor characteristics. Our findings suggest that MSA‐P is characterized by both macro‐ and microstructural changes in the sensorimotor circuit. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
“Just” in time: Gene theory and the biology of the cell surface
Authors: Sapp Jan
Published: April 2009

Ernest Everett Just's critique of gene theory, his emphasis on the importance of cell cytoplasm, especially of the cortex in development and heredity, is placed within the context of his times, when the views of embryologists, who emphasized heredity as process, and those of geneticists who held determinist conceptions of the gene, were irreconcilable. Just's emphasis on the cell cortex in heredity and morphogenesis was appreciated by few, but was vindicated by studies of cortical inheritance and the morphogenetic role of pre‐existing cell structure in ciliated protists. His essential criticisms of mechanism remain potent today. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 903–911, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fukutin gene mutations in an Italian patient with early onset muscular dystrophy but no central nervous system involvement
Authors: Saredi Simona , Ruggieri Alessandra , Mottarelli Elisa , Ardissone Anna , Zanotti Simona , Farina Laura , Morandi Lucia , Mora Marina , Moroni Isabella
Published: April 2009

Hypoglycosylation of α‐dystroglycan characterizes a subgroup of muscular dystrophies of variable severity, including Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy. We found fukutin gene mutations in a 4.5‐year‐old Italian patient, with reduced α‐dystroglycan expression, dystrophic features on muscle biopsy, hypotonia since birth, mild myopathy, but no brain involvement. Mutations in the fukutin gene can be associated with much milder phenotypes than classical Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, and, although rare, can occur in non‐Japanese. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Homotopy perturbation method for numerical solutions of KdV‐Burgers' and Lax's seventh‐order KdV equations
Authors: Yildirim Ahmet , Berberler Murat Erşen
Published: April 2009

In this article, we applied homotopy perturbation method to obtain the solution of the Korteweg‐de Vries Burgers (for short, KdVB) and Lax's seventh‐order KdV (for short, LsKdV) equations. The numerical results show that homotopy perturbation method can be readily implemented to this type of nonlinear equations and excellent accuracy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Mixed micropapillary–ductal carcinomas of the breast: a genomic and immunohistochemical analysis of morphologically distinct components
Authors: Marchiò Caterina , Iravani Marjan , Natrajan Rachael , Lambros Maryou BK , Geyer Felipe C , Savage Kay , Parry Suzanne , Tamber Narinder , Fenwick Kerry , Mackay Alan , Schmitt Fernando C , Bussolati Gianni , Ellis Ian , Ashworth Alan , Sapino Anna , Reis‐Filho Jorge S
Published: April 2009

Micropapillary carcinomas (MPCs) can present as a rare histological special type of breast cancer; however, this histological type is more frequently found admixed with invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC‐NSTs). We have previously demonstrated that pure MPCs constitute a distinct entity at the morphological and genetic levels. Here, we sought to determine whether mixed MPCs have genomic aberrations similar to those found in pure MPCs, and to investigate whether the distinct morphological components of MPCs harbour different genetic aberrations. Using high‐resolution microarray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we profiled a series of 10 MPCs of mixed histology and 20 IDC‐NSTs matched for grade and oestrogen receptor (ER) status. In addition, we generated tissue microarrays containing a series of 24 pure and 40 mixed MPCs and performed immunohistochemical analysis with ER, progesterone receptor (PR), Ki‐67, HER2, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CK14, CK17, EGFR, topoisomerase‐IIα, cyclin D1, caveolin‐1 and E‐cadherin antibodies. In situ hybridization was employed to evaluate the prevalence of HER2, TOP2A, EGFR, CCND1, MYC and FGFR1 gene amplification. Our results demonstrate that mixed MPCs harbour similar patterns of genomic aberrations and phenotype (82.5% luminal and 17.5% HER2) compared to pure MPCs. A comparison between the distinct morphological components of mixed MPCs in a pairwise fashion revealed that both components harbour strikingly similar genomic profiles. When compared to grade‐ and ER‐matched IDC‐NSTs, mixed MPCs significantly more frequently harboured amplification of multiple regions on 8q (adjusted Fisher's p value < 0.05). Furthermore, mixed MPCs displayed higher proliferative rates than grade‐ and ER‐matched IDC‐NSTs. Our results suggest that micropapillary differentiation in breast cancer may identify a subgroup of more aggressive ER‐positive breast carcinomas, even in those featuring a mixed histology, and that mixed MPCs are more closely related to pure MPCs than to IDC‐NSTs. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aktueller Stand der Gentherapie der schweren Immundefizienz
Authors: Winckler Thomas
Published: April 2009

Obwohl noch nicht routinemäßig in der Klinik eingesetzt, hat der “somatische Gentransfer” als kausale Therapie von Erbkrankheiten ein immenses Potenzial. Eine Modellerkrankung für die Etablierung der Gentherapie ist die schwere kombinierte Immundefizienz (SCID) – hier zeigen sich Erfolge, aber auch Probleme.
Humane Antikörper aus Rindern
Authors: Zündorf Ilse , Dingermann Theo
Published: April 2009

Mit der XenoMouse® oder der HuMAb‐Mouse® wurde der Grundstein gelegt, humane Antikörper gegen bestimmte Antigene zu generieren: Die murinen Immunglobulin‐Gene wurden “einfach” durch die menschlichen Genorte ersetzt. Anschließend konnte man über die klassische Hybridoma‐Technik den gewünschten Antikörper gewinnen. Mit Vectibix® (Panitumumab) ist der erste derartige Antikörper zugelassen. Nun hat man sich am Rind versucht – aber für polyklonale Antikörper.
Prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia A in China
Authors: Liang Yan , Zhao Yun , Yan Mei , Fan Xin‐Ping , Xiao Bai , Liu Jing‐Zhong
Published: April 2009

Objectives

To develop a one‐tube fluorescent multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to perform prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia A (HA).

Methods

Peripheral blood samples were collected from 220 women and from members of five families with proven HA. One‐tube fluorescent PCR and capillary electrophoresis were performed to investigate four short tandem repeats (STRs) in intron 1, 13, 22 and 24 (STR1, STR13, STR22 and STR24, respectively) in FVIII.

Results

Our analysis revealed 7 different alleles for STR1, 10 for STR13, 7 for STR22 and 9 for STR24. The heterozygosity rate (HR) for STR1, 13, 22 and 24 was 34.6%, 49.6%, 43.6% and 38.2%, respectively. The HR was 75.0% (165/220) when these four markers were combined. Prenatal diagnosis was made for five male foetuses. Four foetuses were identified as affected ones of HA. The STR results were consistent with the data we obtained by PCR of St14 VNTR (DXS52) and DNA sequencing, which showed that one foetus harbours a mutation in exon12 (1804C > T) in FVIII.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that multiplex fluorescent analysis of four STRs is a rapid and simple method to perform genetic diagnosis of HA in families with a history of this disorder. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia: new specific signs
Authors: Boulet Stéphanie , Althuser Marc , Nugues Frédérique , Schaal Jean‐Patrick , Jouk Pierre‐Simon
Published: April 2009

Background

Achondroplasia is one of the most common forms of short limb dwarfism. It is usually suspected on third trimester routine ultrasound because of very shortened long bones. We have described two new prenatal sonographic signs of achondroplasia visible at the proximal femoral metaphysis.

Methods

Over 5 years, five fetuses were diagnosed with achondroplasia at the Grenoble Prenatal Diagnosis Centre. Ultrasound and tomographic examinations were performed by specialists. To study the proximal metaphysis, the ultrasound transducer was positioned at a 45 degree angle to the diaphyseal axis. Postnatal diagnosis was confirmed.

Results

On computed tomography and postnatal X‐ray, proximal femoral metaphysis appeared rounded, with poor, uneven ossification. Connexion to diaphysis was abnormal, with relative overgrowth of the periosteum, creating a new diagnostic sign that we called the ‘collar hoop’ sign. On ultrasound, all fetuses had a very rounded metaphyseal–epiphyseal interface, with an angle connexion to diaphysis wider than expected. The ‘collar hoop’ sign was obvious on four of the fetuses. During the same period, proximal femoral metaphyses appeared normal in 653 healthy fetuses, suggesting high specificity of those two new signs.

Conclusion

Metaphysis examination is recommended if fetal femur length measures below the fifth percentile, as normal aspect may rule out achondroplasia. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrically conductive thermoplastic/metal hybrid materials for direct manufacturing of electronic components
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Pfefferkorn Tobias G.
Published: April 2009

The work presents a novel polymer/metal hybrid material consisting of a thermoplastic polymer, copper fibers, and a low melting metal alloy, which is molten during processing. The material allows for electrical conductivities comparable to those of steel and still offers a good processability by injection molding. Still, the material's high metal content influences the filling and freezing behavior and therewith the part properties significantly. Injection molding trials were performed to characterize the filler distribution and the resulting electrical conductivity in dependence on the processing conditions and the matrix polymer choice. The metal alloy allows a homogeneous filler distribution within the part, which results in a high surface conductivity. Still, due to fiber‐poor shear zones the electrical conductivity measured over the part thickness is decreased in comparison to the passage conductivity. A more homogeneous conductivity distribution can be achieved when the metal alloy has a higher melting point than the chosen polymer matrix. The high metal content and therewith the increased thermal conductivity of the material limits the realizable flow lengths. Here, adjustments to the mold temperature control allow a significant increase of the material processability and flowability for an optimized production of conducting structures. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Hydro‐entangled bi‐component microfiber nonwovens
Authors: Gong R.H. , Nikoukhesal A.
Published: April 2009

This article describes the production of microfiber nonwoven fabrics from segment pie bi‐component fibers using air‐laying and hydro‐entanglement. The bi‐component fibers were split into microfibers during hydro‐entanglement. The microfiber nonwoven fabrics are compared with similar products made from single component fibers. The degree of fiber splitting is found to depend on the jet pressure as well as the fiber position in the web thickness direction. Compared with the nonwovens fabric made from single component fibers, the microfiber nonwoven fabrics have higher tensile strength, lower elongation, higher water absorbency. However, contrary to what was expected, the microfiber nonwovens fabrics have a stiffer handle. This is caused by the increased fiber entanglement and much denser structure for the bi‐component microfiber nonwoven fabrics. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Preparation and properties of novel phosphorus‐containing binaphthyl epoxy polymer
Authors: Ai Hao , Xu Kai , Liu Huan , Chen Mingcai
Published: April 2009

Novel phosphorus‐containing binaphthyl epoxy DGEBN (diglycidyl ether of 2,2′‐hydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthalene) with high thermal performance was obtained from the addition reaction of DGEBN and diethyl phosphite. The modified binaphthyl epoxy was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The dynamic mechanical property of the cured epoxy polymer was investigated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The result revealed that the cured polymer with lower phosphorus content displayed higher value of the storage modulus when the networks reached rubbery state (above the glass transition temperature Tg). The Tgs decreased slightly with increasing phosphorous content. The thermal degradation was studied with thermogravimetric analysis and the evolved gas was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis/Fourier transform infrared technique. The influence of phosphorus content and the chemical structure on the degradation behavior was discussed. The P‐modified binaphthyl epoxy polymers exhibited higher thermal stability than the P‐modified diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A polymer. Flammability measurements were performed by the examination of limited oxygen index and UL‐94 test. Compared with unmodified DGEBN, P‐containing epoxy polymers displayed higher limited oxygen index values and exhibited better flame retardance. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Morphology and surface properties of some siloxane–organic copolymers
Authors: Cazacu Maria , Racles Carmen , Alexandru Mihaela , Ioanid Aurelia , Vlad Angelica
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND: It is well known that, due to their extremely low polarity, polysiloxanes are incompatible with almost any organic system. This incompatibility leads to phase separation in mixed siloxane–organic systems.

RESULTS: Three siloxane–organic copolymers, poly[(5,5′‐methylene‐bis‐salicylaldehyde)‐imine‐(1,3‐bis(propylene)tetramethyldisiloxane)] (Paz1), poly[(2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone)‐imine‐(1,3‐bis(propylene)tetramethyldisiloxane)] (Paz2) and poly[1,3‐bis(propylene)tetramethyldisiloxane diamide] (Pam), were prepared by the reaction of 1,3‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane with appropriate organic partners (5,5′‐methylene‐bis‐salicylaldehyde, 2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone and oxalyl chloride, respectively). The morphologies dictated by the incompatibility between siloxane and polar organic moieties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The surface activity of the copolymers and water vapour sorption capacity were also measured.

CONCLUSION: Even though the polar sequences are very short ones, the highly flexible siloxane‐containing sequence permits the self‐assembly of these into more or less polar domains. Such an organization influences the properties of the resulting materials, an important place being occupied by the surface properties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Multiferroika. Materialien mit ferroelektrischer und ‐magnetischer Ordnung
Authors: Koblischka Michael R.
Published: April 2009

Multiferroische Materialien zeigen zugleich ferromagnetische und ferroelektrische Ordnung. Beide Ordnungsparameter sind miteinander gekoppelt, was den Multiferroika neue Eigenschaften verleiht: Ihre magnetischen Eigenschaften lassen sich über elektrische Felder steuern und umgekehrt. Allerdings gibt es nur wenige Materialien, die multiferroisches Verhalten in einer Phase zeigen. Weitaus mehr mehrkomponentige Materialien lassen sich aus ferrolektrischen und ferromagnetischen Dünnschichten oder Nanostrukturen kombinieren. Sie eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten für die Sensorik, Spintronik und die Speichertechnik. Besonders interessant für Anwendungen sind Tunnelkontakte mit einer multiferroischen Tunnelbarriere.
Quanten‐Hall‐Effekt in Graphen. Ein‐ und doppellagiges Graphen im Magnetfeld
Authors: Zeitler Ulrich , Giesbers Jos , Maan Jan‐Kees
Published: April 2009

Graphen besteht aus einer zweidimensionalen Lage von Kohlenstoff‐Atomen mit einzigartigen Eigenschaften. Elektronen oder Löcher bewegen sich wie Elementarteilchen ohne Ruhemasse mit relativistischen Geschwindigkeiten durch den Kristall. Im doppellagigen Graphen erzeugt die Zwischenlagenkopplung eine Ruhemasse. Graphen eröffnet also der Physik kondensierter Materie ein Forschungsfeld, das bisher der Hochenergiephysik vorbehalten war. Das relativistische Verhalten der Ladungsträger in Graphen führt unter anderem zu einem halbzahligen Quanten‐Hall‐Effekt im einlagigen Graphen und einem unkonventionellen ganzzahligen Quanten‐Hall‐Effekt im doppellagigen Graphen. In hohen Magnetfeldern existiert der halbzahlige Quanten‐Hall‐Effekt sogar bei Raumtemperatur.
Racetrack‐Speicher – Magnetband reloaded? Datenspeicher auf Basis magnetischer Domänenwände
Authors: Kläui Mathias
Published: April 2009

Racetrack‐Speicher sind eine neue Art magnetischer Datenspeicher. Wie Festplatten verlieren sie die gespeicherte Information auch nach Abschalten des Stroms nicht. Theoretisch erlauben sie hohe Speicherdichten und viel schnellere Zugriffszeiten als heutige Festplatten. Die Bits werden wie bei alten Magnetbändern hintereinander in einem Draht gespeichert. Zum Suchen und Schreiben wird allerdings der Draht nicht mechanisch über die Schreib‐ und Leseeinheit gespult. Stattdessen treibt ein elektrischer Strom die magnetischen Domänen, die die Bits repräsentieren, durch den Draht. Dieser Strom besteht aus spinpolarisierten Elektronen im magnetischen Material und bewegt alle Wände der Domänen gleichförmig. Das physikalische Grundprinzip funktioniert bereits im Labor. Die Realisierung eines echten Speicherelements erfordert jedoch noch weitere Forschung.
Einblicke mit Schallwellen. Moderne medizinische Diagnostik mit Ultraschall
Authors: Kaarmann Hans , Oppelt Arnulf
Published: April 2009

Ultraschall ist inzwischen eine der häufigsten Bilddiagnose‐Methoden. Im einfachen Echobild lassen sich die Organe abgrenzen und ihre innere Struktur untersuchen. Schallköpfe in Matrixarray‐Technik ermöglichen die Beobachtung des schlagenden Herzens in Echtzeit. Mit dem Doppler‐Effekt untersucht man in die Flussgeschwindigkeit des Blutes und die Durchblutung von Gewebe. Die Ultraschall‐Elastographie kann über die Steifigkeit von Gewebe Tumore charakterisieren. Für die Untersuchung der verschiedenen Körperteile und Organe gibt es eine Vielfalt von angepassten Schallköpfen. Mikromechanische Fertigungsverfahren ermöglichen eine neue Generation von Matrixarray‐Schallköpfen, die besonders das Gebiet der Ultraschall‐Volumenaufnahmen erweitern werden.
Verursachen magnetische Anregungen Hochtemperatur‐Supraleitung?
Authors: Dahm Thomas
Published: April 2009

Einem Forscherteam vom Max‐Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung in Stuttgart, dem Leibniz‐Institut für Festkörper‐ und Werkstoffforschung Dresden sowie den Universitäten Tübingen, Würzburg und Santa Barbara (USA) ist es gelungen, Korrelationen zwischen dem magnetischen Anregungsspektrum und dem Elektronenspektrum in einem Hochtemperatur‐Supraleiter festzustellen. Dies weist darauf hin, dass magnetische Anregungen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Hochtemperatur‐Supraleitung spielen.
Visualisierung der Fermi‐Fläche
Authors: Wenderoth Martin , Weismann Alexander , Ulbrich Rainer G.
Published: April 2009

Die elektronische Ladungsdichte an Festkörperoberflächen ist ein Abbild gestreuter Elektronen in deren Inneren. Das eröffnet die Möglichkeit, die Fermi‐Flächen von Metallen zu studieren und sichtbar zu machen. Experimente mit einem Tieftemperatur‐Rastertunnelmikroskop zeigen, dass auch sehr einfache Fermi‐Flächen eine starke anisotrope Propagation der Elektronen hervorrufen. Dieser als Elektronenfokussierung bezeichnete Effekt wurde von unserer Gruppe in Göttingen zusammen mit Kollegen aus Jülich und Halle am Beispiel von Kobalt in Kupfer untersucht.