bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards NeuroAI: introducing neuronal diversity into artificial neural networks
Authors: Fan Feng-Lei , Li Yingxin , Zeng Tieyong , Wang Fei , Peng Hanchuan
Published: January 2025

Throughout history, the development of artificial intelligence, especially artificial neural networks, has been continuously influenced by a deeper understanding of the brain. This influence includes the development of the neocognitron, considered a precursor to convolutional neural networks. The emerging field of NeuroAI posits that leveraging neuroscience knowledge could significantly advance AI by imbuing networks with enhanced capabilities. Unlike the human brain, which features a variety of morphologically and functionally distinct neurons, artificial neural networks typically rely on a homogeneous neuron model. In the human brain, the diversity of neurons facilitates a wide range of intelligent behaviors. Given that artificial networks aim to mimic the human brain, incorporating a diversity of neuron models could address key challenges in artificial intelligence, such as efficiency, interpretability, and memory capacity. This perspective begins by examining the basics of biological neuronal diversity and how biological neurons transmit and process information. We then explore research efforts to design novel neuron models for artificial networks and discuss the potential benefits of neuronal diversity, including applications in several critical areas. Finally, we address the challenges and future directions for integrating neuronal diversity into artificial networks, highlighting its potential to enrich NeuroAI.
Salvation in the Block Universe
Authors: Qureshi-Hurst Emily , McGrath Alister
Published: January 2025

Does time really pass? Should theology mould itself to fit with the findings of physics and philosophy? How should the interdisciplinary dialogue between science and religion proceed? In Salvation in the Block Universe, Emily Qureshi-Hurst tackles these important questions head-on. She offers a focused treatment of a particular problem – the problem of salvation in the block universe – and a broader exploration of a theological methodology that makes 'science and religion' not only possible but desirable via Paul Tillich's method of correlation. By bringing time and salvation into dialogue, Dr Emily Qureshi-Hurst's original insights move the 'science and religion' conversation forward into new and productive territory. Qureshi-Hurst also provides tools for other theologians and philosophers to do the same. Essential reading for anyone interested in the interactions between philosophy, religion, and science, she asks: without the reality of change, is personal salvation during one's lifetime even possible?
Shaping the future of industrial-organizational psychology: The transformative potential of research collaborations
Authors: Voss Nathaniel M. , Stoffregen Stacy A. , Couture Kelsey L. , DiGirolamo Joel A. , Furman Melissa , Haidar Sarah , Hammer Leslie B. , Lee Jin , Maneotis Sarina M. , McCloy Rodney A. , Olson Ryan , Spector Paul E.
Published: January 2025

It is important for the research produced by industrial-organizational (I-O) psychologists to be rigorous, relevant, and useful to organizations. However, I-O psychology research is often not used in practice. In this paper, we (both practitioners and academics) argue that engaged scholarship—a particular method of inclusive, collaborative research that incorporates multiple stakeholder perspectives throughout the research process—can help reduce this academic–practice gap and advance the impact of I-O psychology. To examine the current state of the field, we reviewed empirical evidence of the current prevalence of collaborative research by examining the number of articles that contain nonacademic authors across 14 key I-O psychology journals from 2018 to 2023. We then build on these findings by describing how engaged scholarship can be integrated throughout the research process and conclude with a call to action for I-O psychologists to conduct more collaborative research. Overall, our goal is to facilitate a fruitful conversation about the value of collaborative research that incorporates multiple stakeholder perspectives throughout the research process in hopes of reducing the academic–practice gap. We also aim to inspire action in the field to maintain and enhance the impact of I-O psychology on the future world of work.
Food insecurity confrontation by pastoralist and agrarian communities in South Omo Zone, Ethiopia: a facility-based qualitative study
Authors: Gujo Mintesinot Melka , Modiba Lebitsi Maud
Published: January 2025

Food insecurity remains a global issue, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, this study focused on identifying factors contributing to food insecurity and the strategies used to cope with it among agrarian and pastoralist communities of South Ari and Benatsemay Woreda, respectively. A facility-based qualitative study was carried out in Southern Ethiopia. Participants were selected using a purposefully targeting health extension workers, health centre directors, woreda programme experts, district health managers, and pregnant women staying in maternity waiting homes. The selection process included one health facility from each district, focusing on those with the highest number of pregnant women in maternity waiting homes. A total of 17 participants were involved in in-depth interviews, and 2 focus group discussions were conducted with 27 pregnant women, continuing until data saturation was achieved. Field notes were taken, and sessions were voice recorded. Participants in both in-depth interviews and focus group discussions frequently identified several causes of food insecurity in the community, such as food shortages, climate change, rising prices of agricultural products, inadequate agricultural technology, scarcity of farmland, and income constraints. Tailored intervention is highly demanding to implement policies to stabilise food supply chains and mitigate food shortages in both agrarian and pastoralist areas, invest in modern agricultural technologies to boost productivity, encourage the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices to help farmers adapt to changing weather patterns, optimise the productive use of available farmland, promote income-generating activities, and diversify livelihoods to alleviate income constraints and improve food security.
Enhanced ion heating using a TWA antenna in DEMO-like plasmas
Authors: Zaar B. , Johnson T. , Bähner L. , Bilato R. , Ragona R. , Vallejos P.
Published: January 2025

Ion cyclotron resonance heating is a versatile heating method that has been demonstrated to be able to efficiently couple power directly to the ions via the fast magnetosonic wave. However, at temperatures relevant for reactor grade devices such as DEMO, electron damping becomes increasingly important. To reduce electron damping, it is possible to use an antenna with a power spectrum dominated by low parallel wavenumbers. Moreover, using an antenna with a unidirectional spectrum, such as a travelling wave array antenna, the parallel wavenumber can be downshifted by mounting the antenna in an elevated position relative to the equatorial plane. This downshift can potentially enhance ion heating as well as fast wave current drive efficiency. Thus, such a system could benefit ion heating during the ramp-up phase and be used for current drive during flat-top operation. To test this principle, both ion heating and current drive have been simulated in a DEMO-like plasma for a few different mounting positions of the antenna using the FEMIC code. We find that moving the antenna off the equatorial plane makes ion heating more efficient for all considered plasma temperatures at the expense of on-axis heating. Moreover, although current drive efficiency is enhanced, electron damping is reduced for lower mode numbers, thus reducing the driven current in this part of the spectrum.
Measurement of the properties of the dust acoustic wave in a magnetic field
Authors: Williams J.D. , Royer C. , Chakraborty Thakur S. , Thomas E. , Williams S.
Published: January 2025

We present the first experimental observations of the dust acoustic wave where the wave was observed to propagate in the directions of gravity and magnetic field when these directions were not aligned. The experiments were conducted in the Magnetized Dusty Plasma eXperiment facility using a novel electrode system that allows for the angle between gravity and the magnetic field to be varied in a controlled way. This letter reports on measurements in an rf glow discharge argon plasma environment where the angle between direction of gravity and the magnetic field is 45

$^{\circ }$

. When there was no applied magnetic field, the wave was observed to propagate in the direction of gravity. However, as the magnetic field increased and the ions transitioned from flowing in the direction of gravity to the direction of the magnetic field, a second wave emerged and two distinct waves were observed to simultaneously propagate, one in the direction of gravity and one in the direction of the magnetic field. As the magnetic field was further increased, the wave that propagated in the direction of gravity was suppressed and the wave was only observed to propagate in the direction of the applied magnetic field. We also observe that the speed and the kinetic temperature of the dust for the mode that propagated in the direction of gravity decreased with increasing magnetic field while the speed and the kinetic temperature of the dust for the mode that propagated in the direction of the magnetic field increased with increasing magnetic field. These measurements suggest that an ion-dust streaming instability is at least partially responsible for the high temperatures that have previously been observed in dusty plasmas when the dust acoustic wave is present.
Multi-scale physics of magnetic reconnection in hot magnetized plasmas
Authors: Muraglia Magali , Agullo Olivier , Dubuit Nicolas , Bigué Roméo , Garbet Xavier
Published: January 2025

Magnetic reconnection leads to the formation of island-shaped magnetic structure(s). Due to disagreement between theoretical evaluations of the characteristic reconnection time and observations, it is commonly accepted that the collisionality (or resistivity) is too low to explain magnetic reconnection phenomena in fusion plasmas. Thus, magnetic reconnection still raises many open questions. The work presented here aims to improve the fundamental knowledge about ‘the life of a magnetic island’. Here, in the light of the many works of the last 70 years, a new paradigm for understanding magnetic reconnection in fusion plasmas is proposed. The life of a magnetic island (whatever its scale) follows three phases: the origin, the growth and the saturation. The possible physical mechanisms at play in these three phases will be investigated. First, for the island origin, typical time scales in link with magnetic reconnection will be evaluated for three tokamaks of different sizes (TCV, WEST and JET) to verify if magnetic reconnection is such an unexplained phenomenon in fusion plasmas. Second, for the island drive, the richness of possible mechanisms leading to ‘rapid’ magnetic island growth in fusion devices will be presented for small and large scales. Third comes the island saturation step. Results on the prediction of a large island width at saturation are presented and discussed.
Options pricing with Markov regime switching Heston volatility Hull–White interest rates and stochastic intensity
Authors: Mittal Priya , Selvamuthu Dharmaraja
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes an options pricing model that incorporates stochastic volatility, stochastic interest rates, and stochastic jump intensity. Market shocks are modeled using a jump process, with each jump governed by an asymmetric double-exponential distribution. The model also integrates a Markov regime-switching framework for volatility and the risk-free rate, allowing the market to alternate between a finite number of distinct economic states. A closed-form solution for European option pricing is derived. To demonstrate the significance of the proposed model, a comparison with various other models is performed, and the sensitivity of the various model parameters is illustrated.
“The dear little flower babe has arrived!”: Blade stones, cradles, and child warriors in Ancient Mesoamerica
Authors: Declercq Stan
Published: January 2025

In the present discussion, I will focus on the creation of baby warriors in Mesoamerica in a twofold manner: as human beings and as blade stones. The emphasis will be on central Mexico, complemented with essential data from other parts of Postclassic Mesoamerica. By juxtaposing information from historical sources in a novel way, this investigation seeks to offer new insights that should reinforce the idea that warriors captured on the battlefield were considered to be children. Although this idea has been suggested before, this article aims to contribute new historical evidence that not only confirms this notion but also widens our understanding of the creation of nonbiological offspring. Making kin out of Others aims to satisfy a cosmological need to incorporate vital energy and elements for individual and collective personhood from outside of the community. The second idea of this investigation focuses on a related productive variant of this gestational dynamic, suggesting that by stone flaking and chipping, children (of stone) were fabricated. Some of them were indeed “child blade stones” who personified warriors and fed themselves with sacrificial victims, securing sustenance for the hungry gods. I argue that the birth of these warriors should be integrated into a major mythological theme—namely, the Child Hero and the Old Adoptive Mother.
Negotiated Filtration: The Surprising Fate of Poland's Postimperial Civil Servants
Authors: Stauter-Halsted Keely
Published: January 2025

The collapse of the three empires governing divided Poland after the First World War left thousands of imperial civil servants out of work and forced to recalibrate their political affiliations. Those who did not flee with retreating armies faced a rigorous filtration process that screened them for loyalty, stressing their commitment to ‘Polishness’. This article argues that despite what has been characterised as a nationalising state, the early years of the Polish Second Republic witnessed a negotiated filtration process, in which functionaries demonstrated their commitment to Poland by appealing to a combination of non-national characteristics, including ties to locale, to professional acumen, and to the civil service in general. Officials who were not ethnically Polish thus succeeded in retaining their positions in the government hierarchy. This surprising outcome of post-imperial vetting suggests that lingering elements of respect for national difference continued to resonate in postwar Poland and that pressure for an ethnically pure nation-state was far from universal.
Intermittent negative pressure influences popliteal artery shear rate during supine and sitting postures
Authors: Callender Nigel A. , Øivind Høiseth Lars , Mathiesen Iacob , Hisdal Jonny
Published: January 2025

Summary: Background: Intermittent negative pressure is an emerging treatment for lower limb vascular disease but the specific physiological effects, particularly upon large artery haemodynamics are unclear. This study examined the influence of intermittent negative pressure upon popliteal artery shear rate during both supine and sitting postures. Participants and methods: Eleven healthy participants (5 female; age: 28.3 ± 5.8 y; weight: 69.6 ± 9.8 kg, height: 1.75 ± 0.07 m) received intermittent negative pressure (–37 mmHg; 9.5-sec on, 7.5-sec off), upon the lower leg during both supine and sitting postures. Popliteal artery blood flow and shear rate were recorded (duplex ultrasound), accompanied by heart rate (3-lead ECG) and blood pressure (volume clamp method). Results: Compared to sitting, a supine posture led to greater mean shear rate during baseline (supine: 21[9]; sitting: 17[13] sec−1; all median [IQR]) and negative pressure phases (supine: 24[15]; sitting: 17[14] sec−1; both p<0.05). While supine, negative pressure raised mean shear rate above baseline levels (p<0.05) and reduced it upon return to atmospheric pressure (p < 0.05). In sitting, mean shear rate only differed from baseline at the points of peak and minimum shear (peak:18[17]; minimum: 10[9] sec−1; both p<0.05). Shear pattern (oscillatory shear index) showed changes from baseline during both postures (p<0.05), but was not different between postures. Conclusions: Intermittent negative pressure influenced lower limb popliteal artery shear rate during both the supine and sitting postures, the effect was greater while supine. Fluctuation in shear pattern seen during both positions may account for positive clinical effects observed following intermittent negative pressure treatment. These findings are framed against previous work investigating clinical populations. Future work should investigate any differences in lower limb haemodynamics and markers of endothelial function among patients with vascular disease.
Adhesive and injectable hydrogel microspheres for NRF2-mediated periodontal bone regeneration
Authors: Wang Yu , Jin Shanshan , Guo Yaru , Lu Yilong , Deng Xuliang
Published: January 2025

Regenerating periodontal bone defect surrounding periodontal tissue is crucial for orthodontic or dental implant treatment. The declined osteogenic ability of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) induced by inflammation stimulus contributes to reduced capacity to regenerate periodontal bone, which brings about a huge challenge for treating periodontitis. Here, inspired by the adhesive property of mussels, we have created adhesive and mineralized hydrogel microspheres loaded with traditional compound cordycepin (MMS-CY). MMS-CY could adhere to the surface of alveolar bone, then promote the migration capacity of PDLSCs and thus recruit them to inflammatory periodontal tissues. Furthermore, MMS-CY rescued the impaired osteogenesis and ligament-forming capacity of PDLSCs, which were suppressed by the inflammation stimulus. Moreover, MMS-CY also displayed the excellent inhibitory effect on the osteoclastic activity. Mechanistically, MMS-CY inhibited the premature senescence induced by the inflammation stimulus through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) pathway and reducing the DNA injury. Utilizing in vivo rat periodontitis model, MMS-CY was demonstrated to enhance the periodontal bone regeneration by improving osteogenesis and inhibiting the osteoclastic activity. Altogether, our study indicated that the multi-pronged approach is promising to promote the periodontal bone regeneration in periodontitis condition by reducing the inflammation-induced stem cell senescence and maintaining bone homeostasis.
Nanoscale thickness Octave-spanning coherent supercontinuum light generation
Authors: Das Susobhan , Uddin Md Gius , Li Diao , Wang Yadong , Dai Yunyun , Toivonen Juha , Hong Hao , Liu Kaihui , Sun Zhipei
Published: January 2025

Coherent broadband light generation has attracted massive attention due to its numerous applications ranging from metrology, sensing, and imaging to communication. In general, spectral broadening is realized via third-order and higher-order nonlinear optical processes (e.g., self-phase modulation, Raman transition, four-wave mixing, multiwave mixing), which are typically weak and thus require a long interaction length and the phase matching condition to enhance the efficient nonlinear light-matter interaction for broad-spectrum generation. Here, for the first time, we report octave-spanning coherent light generation at the nanometer scale enabled by a phase-matching-free frequency down-conversion process. Up to octave-spanning coherent light generation with a −40dB spectral width covering from ~565 to 1906 nm is demonstrated in discreate manner via difference-frequency generation, a second-order nonlinear process in gallium selenide and niobium oxide diiodide crystals at the 100-nanometer scale. Compared with conventional coherent broadband light sources based on bulk materials, our demonstration is ~5 orders of magnitude thinner and requires ~3 orders of magnitude lower excitation power. Our results open a new way to possibly create compact, versatile and integrated ultra-broadband light sources.
Mitochondrial diseases: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic advances
Authors: Wen Haipeng , Deng Hui , Li Bingyan , Chen Junyu , Zhu Junye , Zhang Xian , Yoshida Shigeo , Zhou Yedi
Published: January 2025

Mitochondria are essential for cellular function and viability, serving as central hubs of metabolism and signaling. They possess various metabolic and quality control mechanisms crucial for maintaining normal cellular activities. Mitochondrial genetic disorders can arise from a wide range of mutations in either mitochondrial or nuclear DNA, which encode mitochondrial proteins or other contents. These genetic defects can lead to a breakdown of mitochondrial function and metabolism, such as the collapse of oxidative phosphorylation, one of the mitochondria’s most critical functions. Mitochondrial diseases, a common group of genetic disorders, are characterized by significant phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Clinical symptoms can manifest in various systems and organs throughout the body, with differing degrees and forms of severity. The complexity of the relationship between mitochondria and mitochondrial diseases results in an inadequate understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlation of these diseases, historically making diagnosis and treatment challenging and often leading to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. However, recent advancements in research and technology have significantly improved our understanding and management of these conditions. Clinical translations of mitochondria-related therapies are actively progressing. This review focuses on the physiological mechanisms of mitochondria, the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Additionally, this review discusses future perspectives on mitochondrial genetic diseases.
Coverage bias in small molecule machine learning
Authors: Kretschmer Fleming , Seipp Jan , Ludwig Marcus , Klau Gunnar W. , Böcker Sebastian
Published: January 2025

Small molecule machine learning aims to predict chemical, biochemical, or biological properties from molecular structures, with applications such as toxicity prediction, ligand binding, and pharmacokinetics. A recent trend is developing end-to-end models that avoid explicit domain knowledge. These models assume no coverage bias in training and evaluation data, meaning the data are representative of the true distribution. However, the domain of applicability is rarely considered in such models. Here, we investigate how well large-scale datasets cover the space of known biomolecular structures. For doing so, we propose a distance measure based on solving the Maximum Common Edge Subgraph (MCES) problem, which aligns well with chemical similarity. Although this method is computationally hard, we introduce an efficient approach combining Integer Linear Programming and heuristic bounds. Our findings reveal that many widely-used datasets lack uniform coverage of biomolecular structures, limiting the predictive power of models trained on them. We propose two additional methods to assess whether training datasets diverge from known molecular distributions, potentially guiding future dataset creation to improve model performance.
Klebsiella oxytoca facilitates microbiome recovery via antibiotic degradation and restores colonization resistance in a diet-dependent manner
Authors: Almási Éva d. H. , Eisenhard Lea , Osbelt Lisa , Lesker Till Robin , Vetter Anna C. , Knischewski Nele , Bielecka Agata Anna , Gronow Achim , Muthukumarasamy Uthayakumar , Wende Marie , Tawk Caroline , Neumann-Schaal Meina , Brönstrup Mark , Strowig Till
Published: January 2025

Competition among bacteria for carbohydrates is pivotal for colonization resistance (CR). However, the impact of Western-style diets on CR remains unclear. Here we show how the competition between Klebsiella oxytoca and Klebsiella pneumoniae is modulated by consuming one of three Western-style diets characterized by high-starch, high-sucrose, or high-fat/high-sucrose content. In vivo competition experiments in ampicillin-treated mice reveal that K. oxytoca promotes K. pneumoniae decolonization on all dietary backgrounds. However, mice on the high-fat/high-sucrose diet show reduced pathogen clearance. Microbiome analysis reveals that the combination of Western-style diets and ampicillin treatment synergize in microbiome impairment, particularly noticeable in the presence of high dietary fat content. The diet-independent degradation of ampicillin in the gut lumen by K. oxytoca beta-lactamases facilitates rapid commensal outgrowth, which is required for subsequent pathogen clearance. Our findings provide insights into how diet modulates functional microbiome recovery and K. oxytoca-mediated pathogen elimination from the gut.
Hypoxia-induced conversion of sensory Schwann cells into repair cells is regulated by HDAC8
Authors: Hertzog Nadège , Duman Mert , Bochud Maëlle , Brügger-Verdon Valérie , Gerhards Maren , Schön Felicia , Dorndecker Franka , Meijer Dies , Fledrich Robert , Stassart Ruth , Sankar Devanarayanan Siva , Dengjel Jörn , López Sofía Raigón , Jacob Claire
Published: January 2025

After a peripheral nerve injury, Schwann cells (SCs), the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system, convert into repair cells that foster axonal regrowth, and then remyelinate or re-ensheath regenerated axons, thereby ensuring functional recovery. The efficiency of this mechanism depends however on the time needed for axons to regrow. Here, we show that ablation of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) in SCs accelerates the regrowth of sensory axons and sensory function recovery. We found that HDAC8 is specifically expressed in sensory SCs and regulates the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRAF7, which destabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) and counteracts the phosphorylation and upregulation of c-Jun, a major inducer of the repair SC phenotype. Our study indicates that this phenotype switch is regulated by different mechanisms in sensory and motor SCs and is accelerated by HDAC8 downregulation, which promotes sensory axon regeneration and sensory function recovery.
Biogenic synthesis of titanium nanoparticles by Streptomyces rubrolavendulae for sustainable management of Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas)
Authors: Elqady Enayat M. , El-said Eman , Tharwat Asmaa A. , El-Khashab Lina A. Abou , Mostafa Inas M. Y. , Hamed Fatma Z. , Morsi Wesam M. , Rezk Mohamed M. , El-Enain Inas M. Abou
Published: January 2025

Biosynthesized nanoparticles have a variety of applications, and microorganisms are considered one of the most ideal sources for the synthesis of green nanoparticles. Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas) is a pest that has many generations per year and can affect 123 plant species from 49 families by absorbing sap from bark, forming honeydew, causing sooty mold, and attracting invasive ant species, leading to significant agricultural losses. The purpose of this work was to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) from marine actinobacteria and evaluate their insecticidal effects on Icerya aegyptiaca (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae), in addition to explaining their effects on protein electrophoresis analysis of SDS‒PAGE proteins from control and treated insects after 24, 72 and 120 h of exposure. In all, seven actinobacterial isolates, the most potent of which has the potential to produce titanium hydroxide-based nanoparticles (TiO2-NP2), have DNA sequences that are 99.9% like those of Streptomyces rubrolavendulae (MCN2) according to nucleotide alignment and a phylogenetic tree. The produced TiO2-NPs were verified by UV examination and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, EDX, and DLS analyses. Toxicological results revealed that TiO2-NPs have insecticidal effects and high mortality rates reaching 55, 62.5, 80 and 95% at TiO2-NPs dose 120,250,500 and 1000 ppm respectively. Compared with the control, TiO2-NP spraying caused changes in the protein pattern of I. aegyptiaca, as indicated by the disappearance of normal bands and the appearance of other bands, as well as quantitative and qualitative changes in protein content after 24, 72 and 120 h of exposure. The application of TiO2-NPs by MNC2 offers a new alternative strategy to control I. aegyptiaca and is considered a modern approach to nanotechnology.
Bayesian predictive system for assessing the damage intensity of residential masonry buildings under the impact of continuous ground deformation
Authors: Rusek Janusz , Chomacki Leszek , Słowik Leszek
Published: January 2025

The paper introduces a method for predicting damage intensity in masonry residential buildings situated in mining areas, focusing on the impact of large-scale continuous ground deformation. The research utilizes in situ data collected in a database, encompassing structural and material features, as well as information on maintenance quality and building durability. In addition to this information, the database collected data on the intensity of continuous deformation of the mining area at the location of the building, as well as the range and intensity of damage identified in buildings. The information included in the database was the result of many years of observations of buildings during the disclosure of impacts from mining exploitation and was based on: the results of in-situ building inventory, analysis of available building documentation and information provided by mining companies. The archived data were categorized variables labeled. The transformation of the data to a labeled value was dictated directly by the assumptions of the GOBNILP algorithm. Ultimately, a predictive model, represented by an optimal Bayesian network structure, is established. The optimisation of the network structure is achieved through the adaptation of the GOBNILP Bayesian network learning algorithm from data. This optimisation process is executed through the Gurobi Optimizer. It is worth noting that this interdisciplinary approach represents one of the first applications of such a methodology in the field of civil and environmental engineering. The results obtained can therefore be of significant value given the fact that the methodology of detecting the structure of Bayesian networks from data is still developing intensively in other scientific fields. In the course of the analyses, metric scores are examined, and various network structures are assessed based on their complexity. Great values of classification accuracies over 91% were obtained. This meticulous evaluation allows for the selection of the optimal Bayesian network that best generalises the knowledge acquired during the learning process. The paper also demonstrates the potential application of the obtained model in diagnosing damage causes and predicting future occurrences, highlighting the versatility of the proposed approach for addressing issues in the field.
Mapping mitochondrial morphology and function: COX-SBFSEM reveals patterns in mitochondrial disease
Authors: Faitg Julie , Davey Tracey , Laws Ross , Lawless Conor , Tuppen Helen , Fitton Eric , Turnbull Doug , Vincent Amy E.
Published: January 2025

Mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining cellular health. It is interesting that the shape of mitochondria can vary depending on the type of cell, mitochondrial function, and other cellular conditions. However, there are limited studies that link functional assessment with mitochondrial morphology evaluation at high magnification, even fewer that do so in situ and none in human muscle biopsies. Therefore, we have developed a method which combines functional assessment of mitochondria through Cytochrome c Oxidase (COX) histochemistry, with a 3D electron microscopy (EM) technique, serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM). Here we apply COX-SBFSEM to muscle samples from patients with single, large-scale mtDNA deletions, a cause of mitochondrial disease. These deletions cause oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, which can be observed through changes in COX activity. One of the main advantages of combining 3D-EM with the COX reaction is the ability to look at how per-mitochondrion oxidative phosphorylation status is spatially distributed within muscle fibres. Here we show a robust spatial pattern in COX-positive and intermediate-fibres and that the spatial pattern is less clear in COX-deficient fibres.
Guanidine-modified cellulose enhances capturing and recovery of phosphates from wastewater
Authors: Hazarika Gunanka , Das Sribash , Patel Anjali , Manna Debasis
Published: January 2025

The recovery of dwindling materials from wastewater could be helpful in resolving the rising need for resources in society.
Fullerene-based single molecule diodes with huge rectification ratios: a DFT-NEGF study
Authors: Zhang Minjing , Yang Zhaodi , Li Si-Dian , Mu Yuewen
Published: January 2025

A molecular device composed of a fullerene and phenylacetylenes sandwiched by gold electrodes has a huge rectification ratio of 22 thousand. The coupling between the fullerene, gold tip electrode and coplanar phenylacetylenes plays a dominant role.
X-Ray emission from SN1885A
Authors: Prucker M. , Sasaki M. , Schlegel E. , Knies J. , Weber P. , Kreykenbohm I. , Wilms J.
Published: January 2025

The historical supernova (SN) S Andromedae (S And or SN1885A) in the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) was discovered in August 1885 and since then has been studied extensively in multi-wavelength observations. Although the remnant of S And could be detected in optical images, so far no X-ray source has been reported at the position of S And. In this work we report the first detection of X-ray emission from the remnant of SN1885A with a significance of σ = 3.43 using Chandra High-Resolution Camera (HRC) data taken in the imaging (I) mode. A total of 45 Chandra HRC-I observations were analysed, which corresponds to ~940 ks of exposure time. A faint X-ray source could be detected at the reported position of the supernova remnant (SNR) 1885 and the corresponding X-ray luminosity in the 0.1–10 keV band was obtained. The resulting value from merging all 45 observations amounts to L0.1 − 10 keV = (6−3+4) × 1033 erg s−1. To contextualise the results, the luminosity was compared to the X-ray luminosities of four of the oldest known X-ray SNe, some younger Galactic remnants, some SNRs in M31, and to theoretical predictions. The X-ray luminosity of SNR1885 is three to four orders of magnitude lower compared to the other examined remnants. A comparison to theoretical models shows that such low X-ray luminosities can only be produced if the ejecta is still expanding freely into a low-density interstellar medium (ISM). On the other hand, strong absorption by a high-density medium surrounding the freely expanding ejecta could also account for the lack of X-ray emission. Furthermore, the extremely low emission in X-rays could be an indication that the X-ray luminosity decreases faster towards the end of the ejecta-dominated (ED) phase in the evolution of SNRs than in the beginning.
Comparison of physical properties of extemporaneous oral suspension with suspending agent pulvis gummi and xanthan gum using paracetamol as model drug
Authors: Widiyastuti Lina , Tsalasani Zulfaidah Nanda , Amani Dinda Wifayatul , Annisa Alifia Nur’
Published: January 2025

Contemporary paracetamol suspensions are made because some drug-active substances have a solubility that is practically insoluble in water but is needed in liquid form. Suspending agent is required to increase the low viscosity to prevent cake. Therefore, knowledge is needed about the ratio of PGA and xanthan gum as a suspending agent that can increase viscosity and the suspension's stability. The desired physical properties are that the suspension has particles that do not settle quickly and are easily redispersed. The study compared the physical properties produced by suspending agents PGA and xanthan gum. This research used an experimental method with descriptive data processing. In the study, six formulas were made to observe the appearance, color, smell and taste, pH value, particle size, and sedimentation volume formed, and the dispersibility of each formula was tested. Based on the study's results, it is known that the viscosity of the suspension with PGA has a higher value than that of Xanthan Gum. This is due to the ability of sedimentation volume and dispersibility time, which is faster because it has a larger particle size.
Morphometric and genetic variations of the Poison Frog (Odorrana hosii Boulenger 1891) in Jatimulyo, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta using microsatellite markers
Authors: Enggar Pramesti Galuh , Suwartiningsih Nurul
Published: January 2025

One of the abundant amphibian species in Indonesia is
Odorrana hosii. This species exhibits a wide distribution range and varies in morphometric and genetic characteristics. However, the morphometric and genetic variations of Odorrana hosii populations in Jatimulyo area of Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, have not been previously studied. This research aims to investigate the morphometric and genetic variations of three populations: Sungai Mudal, Kembang Soka, and Kedung Pedut. Sampling was conducted in Jatimulyo ecotourism area, and morphometric measurements were taken from individual Odorrana hosii specimens. Genetic analysis was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with microsatellite markers Rnh-9 and Rnh-13 at the Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ahmad Dahlan University. Morphometric analysis involved 27 characters observed in 9 male and 9 female individuals, while genetic analysis focused on amplified loci. Kruskall-Wallis analysis was used to compare interpopulation morphometric data, revealing four distinguishing characters with P<0.05. The results showed that head length (HL), nostril distance (IND), thigh length (TL), and total leg length (HLL) were longest in males from Kembang Soka population and shortest in males from Kedung Pedut population. Genetic variation analysis indicated the highest DNA polymorphism in Kembang Soka population (90.90%), followed by Kedung Pedut (60%) and Sungai Mudal (50%). Overall, Kembang Soka population exhibited the most significant morphometric and genetic variations.
Potential of ethyl acetate and methanol extract from Eupatorium odoratum and Morinda citrifolia plants as Fusarium Oxysporum fungicide
Authors: Puspitasari Etika Dyah , Ma’rifah Destri Ratna , Matsjeh Sabirin
Published: January 2025

Fusarium oxysporum is a significat plant pathogen that affects various crops. Fusarium causing diseases and substantial agricultural losses. This research aims to determine the effect of methanol extract and ethyl acetate of
Eupatorium odoratum (roots, leaves and stem) and
Morinda citrifolia (fruits, leaves and twig) plants on the growth of fusarium fungi. To determine the optimal extract concentration to inhibit fungal growth. This research is a factorial study with independent variables in the form of extract type, ingredients of plant (root, leaves, stem and twig) and differences in concentration. The activity of the extract as a biofungicide was analyzed based on the fungal growth inhibition zone. The results were analyzed using Anava and continued with the Duncan test. The results of the research show that methanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of Morinda citrifolia have potential as biofungicides for the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The root of Eupatorium odoratum and the fruit of Morinda citrifolia ethyl acetate extract at a concentration of 80% is optimum inhibiting the growth of Fusarium oxysporum.
Performance of reverse osmosis membrane as a bathroom wastewater filter
Authors: Permadi Adi , Dwi Jayanti Tamara , Reza Saputra Muhammad , Salsabila Hervia , Pink Audina Pink , Fitriyanto Edy
Published: January 2025

As the population in Indonesia increases, water pollution becomes increasingly uncontrolled. people who still think that direct disposal of greywater waste does not cause serious environmental problems. Currently, liquid waste can only be used for irrigation of plants, washing cars, washing windows and flushing toilets. the concept of reuse or reuse. However, this concept can help reduce the use of available clean water. This research aims to determine the performance of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units for treating bathroom wastewater. In this study, bathroom waste was simulated using soapy water, shampoo water, urine and salt water. Where the waste water is pumped to the RO membrane unit. pH, iron metal (Fe), manganese (Mn), fluoride (F) and organoleptic parameters (smell, taste and color) were observed before and after entering the RO membrane unit. Test results on the shampoo showed that after going through the RO unit, the water became slightly more acidic while other parameters met clean water quality standards. The same test results also occurred in soapy water and salt water. Test results on filtered urine show that there is a reduction in acidity but the smell of urine is still present. Testing these parameters shows that the RO membrane unit has succeeded in maintaining the quality standards for Fe, Mn and F metal content in water even though there is a decrease in pH in soapy water, shampoo water and salt water. Based on these results, additional processing is still needed to return the pH of the water to the pH range of clean water and eliminate the urine Odor that still exists.
Application of geographic information systems in planning forest and land rehabilitation activities in Sukabumi Region III forestry service branch
Authors: Fergina Anggun , Fatimatuzahra Dinda Tsania , Sembiring Falentino , Parwati Lusiana Sani , Jakfar Any Elvia
Published: January 2025

The application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has become important in various fields, including the forestry sector which is experiencing rapid progress. The Sukabumi Region III Forest Service Branch uses GIS to monitor the distribution of critical land, a significant issue in forestry discussions. GIS allows the visualization of spatial data in thematic maps, making it easier to understand geographical conditions and the problems faced. This report discusses the application of GIS in forest and land rehabilitation planning in Sukabumi, focusing on analyzing the distribution of critical land and preparing rehabilitation planning maps.
The relationship between mount Merapi disaster and stress incidents in Kepuharjo Village, Cangkringan District, Sleman Regency, DIY
Authors: Desvita Widea Rossi , Arliono Tri Yunanto , Monica Dea , Sukaca Agus , ‘Alim Ahmad Muttaqin , Nursanti Dwi Rejeki , Kusumawati Eni , Wijaya Oktomi
Published: January 2025

Indonesia has a high risk of natural disaster. Indonesia is a disaster-prone area because it is crossed by the ring of fire. The two psychological impacts experienced by victims of Mount Merapi are emotional impacts and cognitive impacts. This research is observational analytical quantitative research, using a cross-sectional research design. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling technique in Kepuharjo Village, Cangkringan District, Sleman Regency, DIY. The total research sample was 98 respondents. Research data was taken using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42) questionnaire and processed using the Chi-square statistical test. Most respondents were aged 26-45 years with a total of 46 respondents (46.9%), respondents who experienced stress were 43 people (43.9%) and those who did not experience stress were 55 people (56.1%), according to age There were 22 teenagers (22.4%), 46 adults (46.9), and 30 elderly people (30.6%). From the results of the Chi-square test, the Sig value was 0.028 (<0.050), which means there is a relationship between the Mount Merapi disaster and the year 2010 with stressful events in Kepuharjo Village, Cangkringan District, Sleman Regency, DIY. This research concludes that there is a relationship between the 2010 Mount Merapi disaster and stress events in Kepuharjo Village, Cangkringan District, Sleman Regency, DIY.
Application get in hand - mobile-based geopark educational tourism Ciletuh-Sukabumi
Authors: Jatmika Bambang , Maulana Irpan , Al-Faqih Ridwan , Aulia Zouda Reyland
Published: January 2025

Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark covering 74 villages with 19 exotic natural tourist destinations ranging from beaches, waterfalls (waterfalls), hills with beautiful views, to Kasepuhan. Although many tourists visit the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark because there are so many destinations with large tourist areas, but because the area is very large and time is limited, tourists visiting Ciletuh Geopark cannot visit all existing tourist destinations. In addition, the problem is that tourists who have visited the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark do not get knowledge and education from the tours they have visited because of limited information about these tourist objects, most of which are still conventional. Based on the existing problems, we will create an edutourism application with the name GET Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu which is useful to guide tourists’ journeys from start to finish during a visit to the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark by providing information related to tourist destinations to historical stories about the location. In addition, this application also records tourist trips with proof of photos that have been uploaded into the system according to the tourist destinations that have been visited. This application also provides a knowledge test about the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark and if tourists successfully complete their edutourism assignments, they will be given an award in the form of a certificate issued by the Sukabumi Regency Tourism Office which can be exchanged for a free stay voucher at a hotel that has collaborated with the Regional Government. This application is mobile- based and can be downloaded via tourists’ smartphones that can be used anywhere. By using the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu GET application, users will easily carry out various activities ranging from finding information about accommodation, facilities, and infrastructure in tourist destinations in the Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
Design of a water heating system for automatic coffee maker using OMRON CP1E-NA20DR-A PLC and PID control
Authors: Rosyady Phisca Aditya , Aditya Wahyu , Habibah Nurina Umy
Published: January 2025

Various human activities require alternatives to replace activities such as making coffee drinks by providing automatic coffee drink makers. Automatic coffee makers require an accurate water heating system, while the water used to brew coffee drinks is not less than 80ºC and not more than 85ºC. This research designs a water heating system using an LM35DZ sensor as a temperature reader, an Omron-NA20DR-A PLC as a processor, and a heating tube used to heat water. PID algorithm is used to control the water temperature. The results of this study show that controlling water temperature using the PID algorithm with the Omron CP1E-NA20DR-A PLC can work well. The results of controlling the water temperature at a set point of 82ºC the system works with the parameter values Proportional Band = 20%, Integral Time = 50 seconds, and Derivative Time = 0.2 seconds resulting in a system response with a rise time value = 267 seconds, overshoot = 2.19 ºC, and peak time = 360 seconds.