bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender in Turkic literary studies
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Dvorova Olha
Published: September 2024

The article examines the depiction of masculinity and femininity in Turkic literature, focusing on how these concepts were represented and evolved in different historical periods and cultural contexts. Starting with traditional gender roles reflected in classical works such as the Epic of Manas and the Qutadgʻu bilig, the article explores the original conceptions of masculinity and femininity. Particular attention is paid to the influence of Sufism, which introduced more nuanced and spiritually transcendent interpretations of gender, allowing us to go beyond traditional notions of male and female roles. The article analyses the transition to modern Turkic literature, which reflects a move towards more complex and multifaceted representations of gender, reflecting broader social and political changes in Turkic societies that have influenced literary production and allowed for a more free discussion of gender issues. It also explores the influence of Western literature and feminist thought on the formation of modern conceptions of gender. This study offers a comprehensive overview of the evolution of ideas about gender in Turkic literature, emphasizing their importance for understanding Turkic peoples’ cultural and social dynamics. Analyzing different literary periods allows us to trace how gender roles have changed and adapted in response to internal and external challenges. In conclusion, the article demonstrates how literature is essential for reflecting and shaping societal perceptions of gender roles and how literary works can influence changes in the cultural and social spheres, which makes the study an essential contribution to the understanding of Turkic literature and their role in shaping contemporary notions of masculinity and femininity.
Creative construction of personality in an autobiographical novel (on the material of the works «Chrysanthemum» by Uliana Kravchenko and «Somewhere at the bottom of my heart» by Vasyl Lopata)
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ivonchak Nastasiia
Published: September 2024

The article analyzes the tools of creative personality construction in two autobiographical novels, Chrysanthemums by by Ulyana Kravchenko and Somewhere at the Bottom of My Heart by Vasyl Lopata, and the thematic and narrative features of these works, as well as the importance of including documentary elements in the plot, are clarified. It is determined that the tools that helped to depict the formation of the author's creative personality in an autobiographical story were a distanced view of oneself, both in appearance and in the inner world, the use of humor, and emphasis on important stages. There is a difference in the narrative style – Ulyana Kravchenko focuses on the goal of developing intellectually since childhood, evaluates herself according to her readiness to serve the people, to form herself according to artistic laws, so the plot is often interrupted by lyrical inserts and reflections, although she simultaneously supplements it with historical and portrait essays. He compensates for his silence and loneliness in childhood by realizing it in music and his first attempts at writing, and explains the lack of words already when writing his memoirs by his own emotionality, creating an aura of mystery and understatement. V. Lopata introduces the main narrator into the story for a different purpose: to provide textual explanations, comment on the narrator-child's story, and express a short future continuation of the described events, the author much less often focuses on the process of recollection itself, having clearly defined for himself its purpose: to find out the origins of his own creative formation, which has already taken place (Ulyana Kravchenko writes about it as a process). The fragment of the diary, introduced into the textual space of the work, demonstrates the naivety and vulnerability of the protagonist in the conditions of orphanhood and war, and shows the boy's tendency to perceive even everyday events deeply in order to later convey them in his work. Through the adult narrator, the childhood traumas are closed and «liberation» from the described situations of childhood powerlessness is projected into the future.
The psyche of the unconquered in terms of propaganda (on the example of the short story «Friend of the government» by Z. Lenz)
Authors:   Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade, Revutska Svitlana
Published: September 2024

Z. Lentz’s creative work has always attracted the attention of researchers. In his literary texts, he pays a lot of attention to depicting the subtleties of the human soul. The characters of his works are indeed constantly faced with the question of personal conscience, choice, introspection, and the search for a humane way of life in not always humane circumstances (wartime and post-war times, pressure from the authorities, etc.), and this is of great interest to Ukrainian readers who find themselves in similar circumstances. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to try to interpret the psyche of the characters in the story «A Friend of the Government» by S. Lenz and to characterise the psychology of this work. The work reveals in detail the psychology of three characters, each of whom performs a different function: the narrator, the friend of the government and the official. Harek, who accompanies the group of journalists, performs an additional function in the novel, but an extremely important one: he emphasises the feelings of Bonzo and his family, because their lives depend on this official. The manifestations of the guide’s psyche fully correspond to his essence as a representative of the government: he is insidious and insincere, speaks in quietly memorised phrases, and is subtle. He is false in all his manifestations. The absolute opposite of him is Bela Bonzo, a sincere but intimidated worker. He is forced to cooperate with the government to ensure safety for himself and his family. They have already paid too high a price – giving up their son to the government and abandoning him to save their lives. He is a victim of the government, but he remains unconquered. The only thing the local wants is to survive, to protect the village children from the fate of his son. Bonzo realises that this bundle could be discovered and they could all be killed, but he takes the risk. The narrator of the text is extremely attentive to his emotions and feelings, as well as to the experiences of others. He notices and records all the details that somehow testify to lies and complete artificiality. It is the artistic details noted by the journalist-narrator that make it possible to reconstruct Béla Bonzo’s true experiences. It is no coincidence that the author rewards us with knowledge of the truth about the area and its inhabitants, who still seek independence rather than friendship with the government.
Artistic and semiotic components of Yevhen Pluzhnyk’s poetry
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Khairulina Nailia , Skliarova Iryna ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: September 2024

The article under consideration aims to explore the main artistic and semiotic components of Yevhen Pluzhnyk’s poetry, reveal their semantic load in the works, and determine the figurative dominants of the artist’s life philosophy presented in his lyrics. To achieve this goal, we used the following methods: the systematization of the selected material, the method of observation, analysis, synthesis, and the descriptive method. Intertextuality made it possible to consider the poetic heritage of the writer from the point of view of textual connections with contemporary authors and his predecessors in Ukrainian and world literature. The principles of the hermeneutic method and artistic and semiotic analysis of the work form the basis of an integrated approach to characterizing the holistic view of the poetics of Ye. Pluzhnyk’s lyrics. The authors have discerned several artistic and semiotic constants in Yevhen Pluzhnyk’s poetry by considering the semiotic nature of art. These include the oppositions of «life-death» and «silencenoise», the semiotic component of «philosophy of the heart», and intertextual connections. The latter is evident in the poet’s numerous references to classical literature, mythology, and biblical texts, which enrich his texts and situate them within a broader cultural context. The article highlights Yevhen Pluzhnyk’s meticulous attention to his poems’ sound, rhythm, and melody. His poetry is characterized by a musicality and harmony that heightens the emotional impact on the reader. The use of color in his poetry often serves a symbolic function, aiding in conveying mood, atmosphere, and emotional state. It is proved that Yevhen Pluzhnyk created a rich and complex world in his poetry, where each element has its meaning and place, contributing to a deep understanding of reality and man’s inner world.
Syntax patterns of headlines in print trade advertisements targeting dental professionals
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Kostenko Viktoriia , Bieliaieva Olena ,   Poltava State Medical University, Znamenska Ivanna ,   Poltava State Medical University, Solohor Iryna ,   Poltava State Medical University, Honcharova Yevheniia ,   Poltava State Medical University
Published: September 2024

Professional communication is becoming increasingly essential in social interactions, and trade commercial advertisement is now considered as its indispensable part. However, there is a gap in understanding linguistic and stylistic peculiarities of printed commercial advertisements targeting dental professionals, i.e. materials related to dental practice published, displayed, distributed, or utilized by dental practitioners. This study aims at analyzing the syntactic patterns used in headlines of printed dental commercial advertisements. A corpus of 250 printed advertisements promoting innovative dental products was compiled from three dental journals published between 2021 and 2024. The findings obtained have revealed several key trends. First, headlines prioritize clarity and memorability through short, simple sentences averaging six words. Second, over 80% of headlines leverage imperative language, directly addressing the reader with calls to action. This tactic encourages immediate engagement and reinforces the message. Focuser verbs, highlighting product benefits, and experiencer verbs, emphasizing positive user outcomes, are the most common types of imperatives used. Interestingly, the headlines rarely mention the company or product name itself. Instead, they focus on functionalities and how the product differentiates from competitors. Finally, all advertisements incorporate visuals that complement the headlines, such as product shots, pictures of dental professionals, or satisfied patients. Strategic placement of imperative headlines near the top of the page maximizes visibility and impact. The findings obtained contribute to better understanding of communication strategies employed in print advertising targeting a certain group of professionals.
Tax law in the context of German tax legislation
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Okhrimenko Olena , Sushko Inna ,   State University of Trade and Economics, Sokorchuk Vitaliia ,   State University of Trade and Economics
Published: September 2024

The study of the structural-compositional, lexical-semantic and communicative-pragmatic characteristics of the texts of the tax laws of the Federal Republic of Germany made it expedient to first present the results of the study of their compositional structure. This was facilitated by two factors: 1) any addressee to whom instructional texts are directed, in particular the reader of tax texts, pays primary attention to the appearance of the works (their vertical and horizontal structure) in order to determine those fragments that are of immediate interest for achieving a specific goals; 2) structural elements are easier to define than semantic ones, often inaccessible at the surface level. The collegial author tries to create such a text of the tax law that it would be part of the cultural «potential» of the addressee, would reflect and document institutionally fixed forms of communication, and would also prevent the emergence of serious legal problems. The creation of any text is directly related to the realization of the author's intention using pragmatic means, that is, a collegial author, creating texts of tax laws, takes into account the communication situation and consciously chooses language and speech means to convey the necessary information to the collective addressee, ensures the semantic and communicative unity of the text, members it compositionally, directs information to a certain type of addressee. The intention of the addressee/author is aimed not only at the correct construction of the text, but also at ensuring its understanding by the addressee/recipient. Texts of tax legislation are characterized by communicative and pragmatic features due to the observance/violation of cooperative maxims of quantity, relevance, quality and method of use/ style, realization of the collegial author's intention, cooperative macro-strategy, strategies, tactics, linguopragmatic techniques of impersonalization, mitigation and nominalization.
Linguistic means of creating portrait in the artistic speech of Catherine Banner (based on the novel «The house at the edge of night»)
Authors:   Ivano Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, Venhryniuk Myroslava , Shutka Vladyslava ,   Ivano Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas
Published: September 2024

In the article, the linguistic means of creating a portrait in artistic discourse by Catherine Banner are revealed. The research material is based on the novel «The House at the Edge of Night». The article analyses contemporary scholarly investigations that outline key verbalization tools for character portrait descriptions. Emphasis is placed on the fact that various linguistic levels contribute to the creation of a character’s portrait. The functional potential of emotionally evaluative lexicon, phraseology, literary tropes (metaphors, epithets, comparisons), and expressive syntactic devices (sentence partitioning, interrogative constructions, nominative sentences) is highlighted. Our research material was selected using the method of continuous sampling. The disclosure of linguistic means for creating a portrait in Catherine Banner’s artistic discourse is carried out through a descriptive method. Furthermore, the article underscores the crucial role of describing a character’s appearance in forming a portrait. In particular, in Catherine Banner’s works, a clear correlation between the depiction of characters’ appearance and their inner worlds is evident. To reveal the interconnection between these portrait components, the author uses various expressive tools, including epithets, metaphors, comparisons, antitheses, hyperboles, and gradations. Using these means, the writer not only achieves a certain level of expressiveness in the literary text but also creates vivid and convincing character images. Prospects for further research include studying the linguistic means for portrait creation to uncover the writer’s idiolect.
Discursive characteristics of communicators of modified paremias
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Prutchykova Valentyna
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the discursive characteristics of communicators (both the addresser and the addressee) of occasionally modified paremias in modern German-language media discourse. Modified paremias are seen as the result of adaptation of traditional paremias to the features of socio-cultural re-evaluation of social norms and stereotypes, «speech democratization». In the study, it is noted that the modification of paremias is communicatively productive due to the text-forming features of traditional paremias, which serve as templates for new attitudes and semantic associations creation. The inclusion of modifications in the discourse is carried out by the addresser taking into account cognitive and communicative characteristics of the addressee. It was determined that occasionally modified paremias, on the one hand, preserve the established structural and semantic characteristics of traditional paremias, and on the other hand, introduce new communicative meanings and intentions that may correlate or contrast with the original source. It has been suggested that the addresser exerts a dual emotional and intellectual influence on the addressee by means of preserving conceptual implications of traditional paremia, and declaring a subjective vector of cognitive interpretation of information, as well as the type of interpersonal relations with the addressee. It has been concluded that in the aspect of interpersonal relations between communicators, priority is given to social statuses. The dual nature of the addresser’s social status is decisive, as a synergy of the borrowed status of traditional paremia and their personal status. The success of speech cooperation is ensured by interest, communicative identity in terms of background and propositional knowledge, interdependence of the addresser and the addressee. The addresser softens the socially determined authority of traditional paremia for the sake of establishing contact, a certain intimacy, dialogization and simplification of communication with the addressee.
Regional features of the functioning of engagements and weddings on the territory of the modern Slobozhansk region
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kirichenko Olha , Skyba Olha ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Shpetna Svitlana ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: September 2024

The article is aimed at deepening the understanding of the importance of recording and popularizing family ritual poetry, wedding customs of the 21st century. The authors substantiated the relevance of the topic of collecting and studying wedding rituals and the folklore that accompanies them in the territory of the Sumy region. Emphasis is placed on the local history aspect of oral folk art. The published sources of folklore collectors of the Sumy Oblast were elaborated and the existing source base was supplemented with materials of own field research with a description of family rites, customs, and modern genres of oral folk art. The regional peculiarities of ancient wedding customs and the modern state of family and household rituals of the Western Slobojan region are considered. The stages of the wedding ceremony, such as engagement and wedding, were studied on the territory of the Sumy region (Western Slobojan region), as well as the changes, transformations and innovations experienced by the wedding rituals of the Slobojan region were traced.
Actualization of linguistic markers in political Internet discourse, and its peculiarities in the context of artificial neural network operation, and hate speech detection
Authors:   Dragomanov Ukrainian State University, Dovhan Oleksii
Published: September 2024

The article argues that the actualization of linguistic markers (lexical, grammatical, pragmatic, semantic) in the texts of political Internet discourse is crucial for understanding the context (social, emotional, modal, etc.) in them. It is emphasized that the use of innovative tools (in particular, artificial neural networks) is in line with the trends towards the integration of the mathematical paradigm into the humanities, which is manifested in the latter’s tendency to the humanities digital sciences, affective computing, etc. It is noted that the use of the outlined innovative tools creates the need to take into account an integrated approach to such research, which is manifested in the integration of the methodology of other (primarily related) sciences, which, in turn, will allow to take into account contextual determination, cultural features (gaps, realities, etc.), as well as to use the full potential of artificial neural networks in modern linguistic research. The author emphasizes the need to further develop the originality of the use of the latter in such studies: developing datasets, building a training algorithm, testing and retraining (if necessary), as well as integrating different layers into their structures and optimizing such a structure specifically for linguistic research (which combinations are productive and why, for what purpose, etc.) The author emphasizes the originality of the use of innovative tools (deep learning, machine learning, artificial neural networks) to deal with hate speech, misinformation, disinformation, and propaganda, which can take the form of sarcasm, irony, and absurdity in political Internet discourse, which requires further research and development of a new methodology to accurately identify such data and produce an inclusive and safe Internet environment.
Correlation of evaluativeness, expressiveness and emotionality
Authors:   Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade, Udovichenko Hannah , Sherstiuk Liudmila ,   Black Sea National University named after Petro Mohyla
Published: September 2024

The linguistic category of evaluation is a reflection of the logical category of evaluation, which expresses the subject's attitude to some object or phenomenon. The category of evaluation has points of contact with such phenomena as comparison, as in the evaluative act there is always a correlation with a certain standard, and modality, which, like evaluation, contains such elements as objectivity, subjectivity, and attitude. The distinctive features of the two mentioned categories from the category of evaluation are the absence of an axiological conclusion in the comparison and the limitation of the expression of modality to the level of the sentence, while evaluation can be expressed by elements of all linguistic levels. The obligatory elements of the evaluation frame are the subject, object and basis of evaluation. In literary texts, the source of all evaluative judgements is the author, who can put them into the mouth of the observer, narrator or characters. The object can be any element of reality, but most often people’s actions and qualities are subject to evaluation. Depending on the basis, there are axiological, intellectual, emotional, etc. evaluations. Although there is a notion of subjective and objective evaluation, we can only speak of relative objectivity. In connection with this criterion, we distinguish between evaluation in the narrow sense, associated with the subjective opposition between good and bad, and in the broad sense, where the object is correlated with the norms accepted in society. The evaluative semantics is revealed most fully by means of lexical-phraseological and syntactic levels. Lexical evaluative predicates are divided into general evaluative predicates, in which the evaluative meaning constitutes the denotation, and particular evaluative predicates, where the evaluative component of the meaning is included in its connotation along with expressive and emotional components. In most cases, these three components are co-present in a word, on the basis of which many linguists do not distinguish between evaluativeness, emotionality and expressiveness. However, there are differences: expressivity consists in the purposeful influence on the listener by increasing the impressive power of the utterance without changing the semantics of the unit, emotionality expresses the subject’s own impressions, while the evaluative component is associated with the reflection of the measure of conformity of the object to a standard in some quality.
Nationally marked vocabulary: translation aspect (based on actual British mass media publications)
Authors:   Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economic of State University of Trade and Economics, Nechyporenko Violeta
Published: September 2024

The article deals with the research of nationally marked vocabulary as the means of transmission of the national and cultural information. The national and cultural information is the complex of extralingual and textual semantic components reflecting cultural heritage and modernity of this national community and existing in the mind of the speaker. The aim of the article is to analyze linguistic and cultural specificity of the modern English mass media text within the frames of translation studies. Linguistic and cultural analysis of the mass media discourse and its linguistic specificities is of current interest within linguistic studies. The discourse analysis allows us to explore the values of the English language culture through the prism of “live” mass media communication and enables a detailed outline of the features of the modern English language picture of the world. Recipients, who are not native English speakers, need diverse background knowledge when studying the linguistic and cultural specificity of mass media content. In addition to traditional realia, which are expressed by non-equivalent vocabulary, background information is present in special realia, so called associative realia associated with various national historical and cultural phenomena and recorded in a special way in the language. These realia are presented by ordinary words and not by non-equivalent vocabulary. Their specificity is in the components of the meaning of the words, in the shades of meaning, in the internal verbal form, in the emotional and expressive coloring. Investigating the linguistic and cultural specificity of the English-language BBC News website, we focus primarily on the analysis of realia words associated with the life of the royal family, as this is one of the most popular media topics in British journalism. The results of the performed analysis allow us to conclude that the linguistic and cultural content of the mass media text may require an additional linguistic and regional commentary not only in cases when it comes to the translated text, the end user of which is not a native English speaker. Prospects for further scientific research are outlined.
Use of herbal medicine during pregnancy and labour among women in Chienge District, Zambia
Authors: Chisala Sydney , Masumo Maureen , Musenge Emmanuel
Published: September 2024

Background/Aims

Use of herbal medicine during pregnancy and labour places women and fetuses at risk of poor health outcomes. In Zambia, use of herbal medicine among pregnant women is progressively increasing despite a lack of evidence regarding their safety and effectiveness. This study's aim was to explore the use of herbal medicine during pregnancy among women in Chienge District, Zambia.

Methods

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 380 pregnant women from five health facilities in Chienge District, selected using stratified sampling. Participants were selected by simple random sampling, and data were collected through an interview schedule. Data were analysed using Chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression.

Results

Approximately half (54%) of the participants used herbal medicine, mainly to reduce labour pain, accelerate its progress or prevent difficulties. Parity (P=0.007), attitude (P=0.001), cultural beliefs (P=0.001) and distance from a health facility (P=0.006) were significantly associated with the use of herbal medicine. After adjusting for possible confounders, cultural beliefs (odds ratio=4.524, P=0.001) and distance to health facility (odds ratio=1.879, P=0.045) were significant predictors of the use of herbal medicine, while those with negative attitudes to herbal medicine were less likely to use it (odds ratio 0.054, P=0.001).

Conclusions

Women in the Chienge District used herbal medicine during pregnancy and labour. Several factors influenced the use of herbal medicine during pregnancy and labour, indicating a need for community sensitisation on the dangers of its use.

Implications for practice

Healthcare professionals should discuss the use of herbal medicine in an open and non-judgmental manner. Further studies are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of traditional herbal medicines.
Factors that influence sexual reproductive health knowledge among adolescent girls with disabilities in Kiambu County
Authors: Kimani Eunice W , Nyamari Jackim , Nyamu Florence
Published: September 2024

Background/Aims

Problems related to sexual health can have adverse effects on the overall health of adolescent girls, including those living with a physical disability. Improving sexual and reproductive health knowledge among this population can enable them to make informed decisions in relation to their sexual health. However, the sociodemographic characteristics that influence knowledge in this population have not been explored. This study investigated the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the sexual and reproductive health knowledge of adolescent girls living with physical disabilities in Kiambu County, Kenya.

Methods

A cross-sectional mixed method study was conducted among 144 purposively selected adolescent girls aged 10–19 years old living with physical disabilities. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data on participants' sociodemographic characteristics and their sexual and reproductive health knowledge. Odds ratios and logistic regression was used to analyse the data.

Results

One in five (20.8%) of the participants had already had a sexual experience, and only 24.3% of participants had good sexual and reproductive health knowledge. The majority of the participants (54.9%) had low socioeconomic status, which was the only factor significantly associated with level of knowledge (odds ratio=4.91, P=0.021).

Conclusions

Socioeconomic status is a major determinant of sexual and reproductive health knowledge among adolescent girls living with disabilities. Measures must be put in place to economically empower the families of these girls, to facilitate improved knowledge and thus ensure their sexual health and wellbeing.

Implications for practice

Education interventions are needed that are tailored to adolescent girls living with disabilities to promote reproductive health in this population.
Selection of the Preferred Puncture Site on Manual Intraosseous Infusion: Proximal Humerus or Proximal Tibia?
Authors: Huo Rui , Xiang Zongyang , Liu Kunqiang , Pu Xiaohong , Tang Shuquan , Hu Ling
Published: September 2024

Aims/Background Establishing an intraosseous infusion (IO) pathway can rapidly open an urgent route of drug administration for critically ill patients. This study aims to assess different puncture sites on the efficacy of manual intraosseous infusion.

Methods Upon applying computed tomography (CT), we compared compact bone thickness and CT values at the same individual's proximal humerus and proximal tibia puncture sites (n = 40). Additionally, cadaveric experiments were used to compare the efficiency of manual puncture at two different insertion sites of the proximal humerus and proximal tibia in the same individual (n = 5).

Results The compact bone thickness and CT values at the proximal humerus were significantly lower than those at the proximal tibia. The cadaveric experiments further confirmed that the proximal humerus was superior to the proximal tibia as an insertion site, indicating the proximal humerus is a more suitable insertion site for manual bone marrow puncture needles.

Conclusion Selection of the puncture site markedly influences the effectiveness of manual intraosseous infusion, with the proximal humerus potentially offering better puncture efficacy than the proximal tibia.
Major metabolic disorders of sheep: what is new and what can we do?
Authors: Charles David
Published: September 2024

Several metabolic disorders affect sheep in the UK. The main disorders of the periparturient period are ovine pregnancy toxaemia (‘twin-lamb’ disease), hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia. None of these disorders are new, however, further research and evidence continues to come to light which should impact the actions of, and advice given by, farm animal practitioners. To combat metabolic disorders effectively a flock-wide approach must be taken, starting in advance of the lambing season. The challenge for veterinary surgeons is engaging their sheep clients early enough to prevent these disorders occurring in the first place, rather than focusing on treatment of individual clinical cases. This can be best achieved by having a clear understanding of the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of the metabolic disorders of the periparturient ewe.
CPD article: The California mastitis test: what is the value?
Authors: Roberts Jude
Published: September 2024

The California mastitis test is a widely used cow-side test for the detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. It is easy and cheap to perform on farm, with its use therefore widespread around the world. The test is performed by adding a reagent to a milk sample, agitating the sample and then evaluating the reaction by using a recognised scoring system. Each quarter of an udder is tested by drawing milk into a paddle where the test can be performed. The test can also be performed in other ways, such as on a composite sample or through in-line testing in a milking parlour or automated milking system. The threshold of the test is approximately 400 000 cells/ml. This makes the test useful for determining the infected quarter following a high somatic cell count composite test result, diagnosing subclinical mastitis in a quarter at dry off or assisting with the diagnosis of clinical mastitis, eg in a toxic cow. The limitations of the test are that it is not quantitative, there is variability in operator interpretation and the exact threshold of detection is not known for each testing method. Overall, the test may be a valuable addition to cow-side mastitis diagnosis when used in the appropriate circumstances.
A brief review of bovine dystocia: risk factors, causes, approach and outcomes
Authors: Williams George , Fitzsimmonds Hannah , Angel Tom , Britten Nick , Plate Peter
Published: September 2024

Dystocia remains one of the most common reasons for producers seeking veterinary advice and expertise, and therefore warrants regular review as causes and underlying risk factors may change over time. Dystocia is the result of a range of risk factors that span both the short and long term, and the resultant causes have different methods of categorisation. Assessment needs to be methodical and can be assisted by clinical reasoning frameworks. Multiple studies have examined the outcomes of the different methods of correction, adding to the information the practitioner might use in decision making.
CattleReview
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

In this Cattle Review, we consider two recently published open access papers in the Journal of Dairy Science. The first discusses the perceived effect of a responsible antimicrobial use regulation on dairy farmers, and the second considers the effects of feeding bulk tank milk, waste milk or pasteurised milk to pre-weaned dairy calves.
Safeguarding Families and Rights of Parents with Intellectual Disability Involved in Child Protection
Authors: Stefánsdóttir Sara , Rice James Gordon , Björg Sigurjónsdóttir Hanna
Published: September 2024

The focus of this contribution is on how rights protection officers (RPOs) experience supporting parents with intellectual disabilities involved in child protection investigations. We situate the role of the RPOs within disability human rights framework as well as the institutional justice capital perspective to comprehend how RPOs function as a resource for parents and professionals. We identified four overlapping themes:
Altering power relations, Lack of knowledge, Systemic apathy, and
Challenging the informal. We argue that pervasive discrimination towards parents with intellectual disability, from the highest levels of government to interactions between parents and the child protection system, inform these interactions and influence outcomes. The work performed by the RPOs in supporting marginalised parents, raising awareness of disability rights, and countering prejudice is of critical importance. We emphasise the role of RPOs within the justice system and recommend the strengthening of such mechanisms to meet international human rights obligations.
Heroism, Silence, and Erasure: Jewish Children in Holocaust Cinema
Authors: Rosen David M. , Rosen Sarah M. , Burkholder Peter
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: The stories of the many Jewish youngsters who actively resisted Germany and its collaborators are virtually absent in Holocaust cinematic representations of children. Such erasures stem from two main sources. First, political efforts to discount Jewish heroism in the Holocaust, and second, such representations are increasingly considered incompatible with culturally acceptable notions of youth that privilege narratives of childhood innocence and vulnerability. Numerous feature films, shorts, and documentaries employ the theme of silence to describe suffering and/or murder of victims, persistence of post-Holocaust trauma, intergenerational transmission of trauma, and coverup and suppression of atrocities and crimes. But the silences addressed in this article are not those surrounding the murdered victims, they are rather the silences surrounding Jewish resistance, especially by child resisters. The omissions and distortions of the Jewish contribution to Holocaust resistance seem to violate the most minimal standards of representation. Because of the popularity of historical films, the erasure of a Jewish child's identity can have an outsized effect on audiences' understanding of the Holocaust. Because of their mass appeal, films become almost a consensual version of history itself. Further, the false inventions discussed in this paper exacerbate this phenomenon specifically by erasing the contributions and perils of Jewish children during World War II. In a world where the very existence of the Holocaust is sometimes called into question, the importance of these erasures cannot be understated.
Landscapes of Memory: Visualizing Holocaust Testimony in But I Live: Three Stories of Child Survivors of the Holocaust
Authors: Aarons Victoria
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT: We are now at a time that will see the end of direct survivor testimony, and thus the transmission of Holocaust memory is increasingly complicated by its mediation through the voices and narratives of subsequent generations of Holocaust writers and scholars. The rendition of Holocaust testimony has expanded to include not only visual and textual forms of representation, but the hybrid genre of Holocaust graphic narratives. But I Live: Three Stories of Child Survivors of the Holocaust , a polyphonic dialogue among scholars, survivors, and graphic artists, is an innovative approach to Holocaust representation that depends upon not only a conversation among text and image but also past and present. At the center of this book are the testimonies of child survivors, whose accounts of resilience and resistance are illustrated by comics artists. This article discusses the ways in which comics artists, in reinscribing survivors' narratives, create a visual testimony to memory by recreating a material landscape of trauma.
Learning from Fairy Tales, Collective Action, and Cultural Excavation: An Interview with Jack Zipes
Authors: Zipes Jack , Bacchilega Cristina
Published: September 2024

Abstract: By asking Jack Zipes about his critical genealogies, political formation, scholarly interventions, and multipronged projects in fairy-tale studies, the Marvels & Tales editorial team seeks to contribute to a fuller understanding of Jack Zipes's long-term engagement with fairy tales as a scholar, storyteller, writer, and teacher.
Block-and-Hole Graphs: Constructibility and (3,0)-Sparsity
Authors: Chen Bryan Gin–ge , Cruickshank James , Kitson Derek
Published: September 2024

Abstract: We show that minimally 3-rigid block-and-hole graphs with one block are characterised as those that are constructible from K 3 by vertex splitting, and also as those having associated looped face graphs that are (3, 0)-tight. This latter property can be verified in polynomial time by a form of pebble game algorithm. We also indicate an application to graph rigidity in 3-dimensional normed spaces that are smooth and strictly convex.
Toward a Thomistic Theory of Attention
Authors: Reichberg Gregory M.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Drawing on contemporary research in philosophy and psychology, this is the first study to provide a systematic treatment of attention in the writings of Aquinas. How cognitive agents direct their attention, whether freely or as necessitated by objects, was for him an important topic of investigation. In doing so, he developed a rich vocabulary around the theme of attention. Aquinas understands attention to be a feature of finite cognitive agents—animals, humans, and angels—whose mental activity proceeds piecemeal. For such agents, and in contrast to God, cognition is necessarily selective. Aquinas variously speaks of attention as a capacity, an activity, and an outcome. Qua capacity, attention is a finite resource that gets used up in the process of being deployed. Qua activity , attention is mental prioritizing—foregrounding some items while backgrounding others. Qua outcome , attention is the result of this prioritization, the precise angle under which an item is taken up to be known. Each of these three aspects are examined in successive sections of the article. In general, for Aquinas, attention is the priority structuring that ensures the unity of an individual’s cognitive life as it unfolds in time. Aquinas’s main source for this reflection was St. Augustine. Hence, in its first part, this paper examines how Augustine thematized the topic of attention.
Φύσις as natura in St. Thomas Aquinas’s Commentary on the Politics and in STh I-II, Question 94
Authors: Mulhern J. J.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: In this paper I consider how St. Thomas dealt with φύσις as natura in his comments on the opening pages of Aristotle’s Politics as translated by Moerbeke, drawing support from the commentaries on Physics II.1, Metaphysics V.4, and Nicomachean Ethics V.7, as well as from the Digest , whose language had become fashionable across the universities by the time the translations were written. Saint Thomas’s understanding of these pages of the Politics may have affected his argument in the Summa , especially STh I-II, q. 94, where he shows caution in addressing the Roman law treatment of natura , and STh II-II, q. 57. Attention to St. Thomas’s language in the commentaries and the Summa may bring additional clarity to his understanding of natura and its cognates in both settings.
What Happened to Joy? A Metastructural Examination of Joy in the Summa theologiae
Authors: Reising Matthew K.
Published: September 2024

Abstract: In Question 31 of the Summa theologiae, Prima secundae , Aquinas puts forward a distinction between bodily pleasure and joy, then argues for the superiority of the latter over the former. Given this, the reader expects an analysis of joy to follow, yet Aquinas does not devote a single question to its examination in his treatment of the passions. Indeed, scholars have long puzzled over Aquinas’s choice to instead focus the majority of his treatment on bodily pleasure. I contend that a close examination of questions 31–39 reveals the fittingness of Aquinas’s treatment of joy in his section on the passions. I argue that his careful usage of joy can be seen as an intentional didactic strategy that points the reader beyond the passions and towards the fruits of the Holy Spirit that spring from infused virtue. By causing the reader to hope for an examination of true joy in questions 31–39 of the Prima secundae , and subsequently delaying any examination of joy until question 28 of the Secunda secundae , Aquinas points to the subordination, though not the denigration, of the bodily passions and acquired virtues to the supernatural end of man.
Quantum-induced stochastic optomechanical dynamics
Authors: Paraguassú Pedro V. , Abrahão Luca , Guerreiro Thiago
Published: September 2024

We study the effective stochastic dynamics of a semiclassical probe induced by linear optomechanical interactions with a quantum oscillator. To do so, we introduce path integrals and the method of Feynman-Vernon influence functionals in quantum optics and analyze the semiclassical dynamics of a levitated nanoparticle interacting with quantum light, as well as with another quantum particle. In all cases, quantum fluctuations ubiquitously lead to state-dependent non-equilibrium noise. Notably, this noise can be exponentially enhanced by wavepacket delocalization, i.e., quantum squeezing, and displays both a stationary and a non-stationary contribution with intricate dependence on the squeezing angle. For the case of nanoparticles coupled by the Coulomb interaction such noise can imprint potentially measurable signatures in multiparticle levitation experiments. We also discuss the case in which the mechanical oscillators are coupled by gravity, and the relation of the quantum-induced noise to gravitational-induced entanglement. Quantum-induced optomechanical fluctuations also hold strong analogy to quantum gravitational wave noise and interconnect stochastic thermodynamics, graviton physics, and the detection of gravity-mediated entanglement.
Dissimilar soliton molecule formed by dissipative pulses in a single-mode mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Xu Shutao , Viry Arnaud , Sander Michelle Y.
Published: September 2024

Soliton molecules, or also known as optical bound states, are the most representative example of solitons’ particle nature and have given birth to diverse light-matter analogies. Despite detailed research on regular bound states, the soliton molecule synthesis of dissimilar pulses has rarely been reported. Here, soliton molecules formed by dissimilar dissipative solitons are demonstrated in a single-mode mode-locked fiber laser, with an in-depth analysis of their evolution dynamics. This novel bound state features pulse trapping between two ultrafast vector pulses with distinct pulse properties including energy, duration, and chirp, leading to unique temporal and spectral profiles. This laser provides an optimal platform for studying complex interactions between different types of dissipative solitons. The findings here can provide new degrees of freedom for the generation of optical soliton molecules and can fuel applications in optical information processing, metrology, and spectroscopy.