bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buğday Alanlarında Sorun Olan Kısır Yabani Yulaf (Avena sterilis L.) Popülasyonlarının Bitki Boyu ve Yaş Ağırlıklarına Bazı ALS ve ACCase Inhibitörü Herbisitlerin Etkileri
Authors: TORUN Hilmi
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında farklı etki
mekanizmasına sahip olan ALS (Mesosulfuron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium)
ve ACCase (Clodinafop-propargyl) inhibitörü herbisitlerin Osmaniye ili buğday
ekim alanlarında sorun olan kısır yabani yulaf (Avena sterilis L.) popülasyonların bitki boyu ve yaş ağırlıklarına
olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Osmaniye ili yoğun buğday
ekimi yapılan alanlarda Mayıs ayında her 3 km’de bir 50 noktada duruş yapılarak
sadece 15 tarlada kısır yabani yulaf popülasyonlarına ait örneklemeler
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu sayede aynı tarlalardan iki yıl üst üste 1 da’lık
alanda olgun kısır yabani yulaf tohumları toplanmıştır. Daha sonra buğday
tarlalarından toplanan olgun kısır yabani yulaf tohumlarıyla sera denemeleri
kurulmuştur. Popülasyonlarda bitki boyu ve yaş ağırlığa olan etkinin
belirlenmesinde iki farklı etki mekanizmasına sahip herbisitin 3 farklı (N/2,
N: tavsiye dozu, 2N) dozu uygulanmıştır. Bitki boylarına göre tavsiye dozlarında
ALS inhibitöründe popülasyonların %50’sinin, ACCase inhibitöründe ise %27’sinin
etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Populasyonların yaş ağırlıklarının ALS
inhibitöründe %50’sinin, ACCase inhibitöründe %20’sinin tavsiye dozunda etkilendiği
saptanmıştır. ALS ve ACCase inhibitörlerinin popülasyonlar üzerindeki etkileri incelendiğinde
gerek bitki boyuna, gerekse yaş ağırlığa olan etkilerinin ALS inhibitörü
tavsiye dozunda daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Popülasyonlar birbiri arasında
kıyaslandığında bitki boyları açısından tavsiye dozunun yarısında Düziçi 3 popülasyonu,
yaş ağırlık açısından tavsiye dozunun yarısında Kadirli 9 popülasyonu ile
tavsiye dozunda Kadirli 6 popülasyonu iki farklı etki mekanizmasında da benzer
şekilde en etkili bulunmuştur. Bitki boyu ve yaş ağırlığa olan genel etkiler
incelendiğinde, toplanan popülasyonlar üzerinde ALS inhibitörünün ACCase
inhibitörüne göre hemen hemen bütün uygulama dozlarında daha yüksek etkiye
sahip olduğu saptanmıştır.
Böceklerde Farklı Muhafaza Koşulları ve Zamanın Mitokondrial DNA Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi: Bir Diptera (Tephiritidae) Örneği Çalışması
Authors: AKPINAR Adile , JUMAID Fidan , GÖRMEZ Vedat , KÜTÜK Murat , CAN Canan
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışmada geleneksel öldürme yöntemleri ile elde
edilmiş ve farklı koşullarda muhafaza edilen Tephritidae familyasına ait Euaresta bullans (Wiedemann, 1830)
örneklerinden DNA izole edilerek muhafaza koşulları ve muhafaza sürelerine
bağlı olarak DNA kalitesi ve PZR başarıları araştırılmıştır. Bu anlamda
standart barkod geni olan mitokondriyal sitokrom oksidaz I  (COI) gen bölgesi kullanılmıştır. 15 yıllık
örneklerden kuru ortamda (müze materyali) muhafaza edilenlerin yaşı ile PZR
başarısı arasında tam bir ilişki gözlemlenmemiştir. Ancak alkolde (%95’lik etil
alkol) saklanan örneklerde ise DNA kalitesi ve PZR başarısı yüksek bulunmuştur.
Manisa İli Demirci İlçesinde Yetiştirilen Badem Çeşitlerinin Performanslarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ACARSOY BİLGİN Nihal
Published: October 2019

Sert
kabuklu meyveler grubunda üretim değeri yüksek olan badem, diyet ürünü olarak
beslenmede önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ekolojiye uyum sağlayan çeşitlerde,
düzenli kültürel uygulamalar sayesinde istenilen verim ve kaliteye ulaşmak
mümkün olabilmektedir. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre yürütülen bu
çalışmada, Demirci/Manisa ekolojisinde yetiştirilen Nonpareil, Ferragnes,
Ferrastar ve Texas badem çeşitlerinin fenolojik ve pomolojik özellikleri (meyve
ağırlığı ve boyutları, kabuk kalınlığı, çift iç oranı ve renk) ile verimin
ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. İncelenen çeşitlerde çiçeklenme Martın ikinci
yarısında olurken, hasat Ağustos-Eylül döneminde yapılmıştır. Kabuklu ve iç badem
boyutları, renk parametreleri, çift iç oranı ve verim çeşitlere göre önemli farklılıklar
göstermiştir. Buna göre, Ferrastar çeşidinde kabuklu meyve ağırlığı (4.14 g) ve
kabuk kalınlığı (3.21 mm) yüksek, Nonpareil çeşidinde düşük bulunmuştur (1.95 g
ve 1.79 mm). En yüksek çift iç oranı ve verim sırasıyla Texas ve Ferragnes
çeşitlerinde saptanmıştır. Çeşitler, bölge ekolojisine uyum sağlamış olup
Nonpareil çeşidi ön plana çıkmıştır.
Effects of Benzyladenine and Naphthalene Acetic Acid Applications on Fruit Thinning and Quality of Some Apple Cultivars Grafted onto MM 106 Rootstocks
Authors: TURAK Berna , GÜLSOY Ersin , ASLANTAŞ Rafet
Published: October 2019

Fruit
thinning is an essential practice to improve fruit size and quality, control
alternate bearing and increase return bloom in the next season. Fruit thinning
is performed by hand or by using some chemicals. In this study, the effect of
chemical thinning, namely two doses of 5 and 10 ppm of Naphthalene Acetic Acid
(NAA) or of 100 and 150 ppm of Benzyladenine (BA) on fruit thinning and some
fruit quality traits Golden Delicious, Red Chief and Granny Smith apple
cultivars grafted on MM 106 clone rootstock in 2015 was tested and compared
with the effect of hand thinning. Chemical treatment was applied after three
weeks of full bloom, while the hand thinning was made to be released a fruit
per cluster on each branch in small fruit period after June-drops. The results
showed that the highest fruit thinning ratio was found in the Granny Smith
cultivars, with 5 ppm (93.80%) and 10 ppm (91.65%) of NAA, 100 ppm (89.88%) and
150 ppm 88.98%) of BA. It can be concluded that the applications of 10 ppm of
NAA and 100 and 150 ppm of BA were found effective for fruit thinning and fruit
quality. Furthermore, the hand thinning application increased the fruit weights
more than all the chemical applications.
Phytochemical Analysis of Dorycnium pentaphyllum and Its Antiproliferative Effect on Cervix Cancer Cells
Authors: ALİYAZICIOĞLU Yüksel , DEMİR Selim , ÖZER YAMAN Serap , ŞENER Sıla Özlem , AYAZOĞLU DEMİR Elif , ALİYAZICIOĞLU Rezzan , TURAN İbrahim
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study
was to investigate the phytochemical analysis of D. pentaphyllum and its cytotoxic activity on human cervical cancer
(HeLa) cells with possible mechanisms. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and
phytochemical analysis of the extract were evaluated using spectrophotometric
method and RP-HPLC, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of the extract was evaluated using the
MTT assay. The mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of the extract was also evaluated
in terms of apoptosis, cell cycle, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)
using the fluorometric methods. The TPC of the extract was calculated as
68.9±2.3 mg gallic acid equivalent per g sample and quercetin was determined as
the major phenolic in the extract. The extract showed a selective cytotoxic
effect (6.5-fold) on HeLa cells compared to normal fibroblast cells. The
cytotoxic effect of the extract was found to be due to the arresting of the
cell cycle in the S phase and increasing apoptosis through decreased MMP. Further
studies are needed for the comprehensive effects of the extract on cell
signaling.
Listening to Cavell
Authors: Young Kay
Published: October 2019

We hurried to get the front row seats. Even to nineteen-year-olds, it was clear that what was happening in that lecture hall—fittingly, it was Emerson 105—was worth waking up for, worth pushing to the front for, as if we couldn’t get close enough. And what we couldn’t get close enough to was  Stanley Cavell lecturing on Western philosophy—a course humbly called “Hum 5” (“Humanities 5: Introduction to Western Philosophy”)—looking back, now forty years later, I can say it was probably the most significant intellectual experience of my life. Cavell’s commanding presence—that big head, fixed gaze, and seriousness of purpose—made his entrance onto the dais, raincoat and brief case in hand, an anticipated event. But what dawns on me now is that it wasn’t so much Cavell’s presence or even what he said that made us feel a shared sense of urgency, but rather how he said it, how he performed this urgency that made us feel like we were somewhere else—a world viewed through Cavell’s mind.
Análisis de significancia de los incrementos al Impuesto al Valor Agregado en la región fronteriza de Quintana Roo de 2003 a 2015
Authors: Lagunas Puls Sergio , Almeida Baeza Alejandra
Published: October 2019

Desde el año 1995 y hasta 2009, las regiones fronterizas –entre las que se consideraba al estado de Quintana Roo– gozaron de una tasa preferencial del Impuesto al Valor Agregado (IVA) a 10% mientras que para el resto del país aplicaba 15%. Posteriormente, a partir del año 2010 y hasta 2013, la tasa de IVA para regiones fronterizas pasó a 11%; a finales de ese año, el presidente de la República presentó la iniciativa para generalizar la tasa en el nivel nacional en 16%, argumentando que un diseño ideal sería aquel en el que no hubiera excepciones ni tratamientos preferenciales. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del trabajo es evaluar si para Quintana Roo, dichos cambios de tasa pueden considerarse significativos. Para lograrlo se aplican métodos clásicos de significancia contrastados con pruebas para el tamaño del efecto y diferencia tipificada de la media, así como parámetros fundamentales de los meta análisis.
 
Recepción: 09/08/2016
Aceptación: 03/12/2018
Desigualdad de ingresos y la empresa
Authors: Salazar José de Jesús , Husted Bryan W.
Published: October 2019

La desigualdad salarial empresarial conlleva una serie de efectos para la empresa, la sociedad y el trabajador, por su parte, su estudio es aún incipiente y plantea complejidades que demandan mayor atención. Se presenta la discusión del fenómeno y se propone una forma de medirlo en sus principales rubros, haciendo el ejercicio para un grupo de empresas situadas en la ciudad de Monterrey, México. Los resultados permiten observar el tipo de desigualdad existente para cada empresa, para el grupo de éstas y su comparación con los índices nacionales. Estas mediciones plantean importantes oportunidades en el diseño de política pública y empresarial, así como un amplio campo de investigación en el ámbito de la relación entre empresa y sociedad.
 
Recepción: 30/12/2016
Aceptación: 20/03/2019
Contagio vía Cópulas Dinámicas en los Mercados de Capitales del TLCAN (2000-2016)
Authors: Bucio Pacheco Christian , De Jesús Gutiérrez Raúl , Sosa Castro Magnolia Miriam
Published: October 2019

En este trabajo se estudian las relaciones de dependencia entre los mercados de capitales del bloque del TLCAN, indagando sobre la presencia de contagio. El estudio es realizado a través de la metodología de cópulas con implementación de ventanas móviles. El periodo de análisis es de 2000 a 2016; tomándose tres periodos de 15 años, para los cuales se emplean ventanas móviles de diferente tamaño: a) 2000-2014 utilizando ventanas móviles de dos años siete meses, b) 2001-2015 con ventanas de un año siete meses y c) 2002-2016 con ventanas de siete meses; dichos periodos son seccionados en 3 subperiodos de 5 años cada uno: i) Pre-Crisis, ii) Crisis, y iii) Pos-Crisis. La evidencia empírica muestra notorio contagio durante el periodo de la Crisis Financiera Mundial del 2008 y su consecuente magnitud temporal.
 
Recepción: 23/10/2017
Aceptación: 13/12/2018
Modelación Markoviana para identificar la dinámica y pronóstico del índice de producción industrial en México de 1980 a 2018
Authors: Cabrera González Gustavo , De León Arias Adrián
Published: October 2019

En este artículo, por medio de modelación Markoviana estudiamos la identificación de los estados estocásticos y pronóstico del índice mensual de producción industrial en México de 1980 a 2018. Dado que la muestra de datos está sujeta a fuertes fluctuaciones económicas y financieras, de una batería de modelos auto-regresivos (lineales y con parámetros Markovianos de cambio de régimen) se elige la especificación del modelo que mejor se ajusta a los datos a través del factor de Bayes. La selección del modelo provee evidencia de que las tasas de crecimiento mensual de este índice presentan parámetros (media y volatilidad) que cambian con el tiempo. Se lleva a cabo un ejercicio de pronóstico sobre el modelo Markoviano de mejor ajuste a los datos. Para medir su capacidad de inferencia, se compara su eficiencia respecto de la especificación lineal auto-regresiva en la misma serie de datos. Los resultados muestran que la media de los errores de pronóstico (dentro y fuera de la muestra) son menores en la especificación Markoviana. La metodología Bayesiana aplicada permite estimar de forma endógena e inferir de manera precisa incluso por problemas de identificación de parámetros Markovianos, pequeño número de observaciones en regímenes, datos atípicos, número de regímenes e incertidumbre de parámetros sujetos a cambio de estado.
 
Recepción: 18/07/2018
Aceptación: 13/03/2019
Sobreprecio por volumen en tiendas de autoservicio en línea en México
Authors: Castro Pérez José Eduardo , Flores Curiel Daniel
Published: October 2019

En este artículo, estimamos que 11.15% de los productos relevantes tienen sobreprecio por volumen –el precio por unidad de la presentación grande es mayor que el de la presentación chica– en las tiendas de autoservicio en línea del país. Además, empleamos un modelo empírico para someter a prueba varias teorías sobre los factores que lo provocan. Entre otras cosas, encontramos que el sobreprecio por volumen se presenta con mayor probabilidad en los productos refrigerados y con menor probabilidad en los productos de marca de la tienda.
 
Recepción: 06/11/2015
Aceptación: 26/10/2018
Multitarget Therapy: An Effective and Safe Therapeutic Regimen for Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Zhou Tianbiao , Zhang Xialan , Lin Wenshan , Lin Shujun
Published: October 2019

Introduction: We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of various multitarget therapies for inducing remission in lupus nephritis patients. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) were identified and extracted from the Embase, PubMed, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and the Cochrane Library until Oct 31, 2018, investigations meeting inclusion criteria were extracted, and data were analyzed by meta-analysis. The total remission (TR; complete to partial remission), complete remission (CR), albumin, proteinuria levels, negative rate of anti-double-stranded DNA antibody (ds-DNA), negative rate of anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLE-DAI) were calculated using the software of RevMan 5.3. Results: Eleven RCTs were included and analyzed. The multitarget therapy group exhibited a higher value of CR (OR=3.06, 95%CI: 2.35-3.99, P﹤0.00001) as well as TR (OR=3.83, 95%CI: 2.77-5.31, P﹤0.00001) than those in the cyclophosphamide (CYC) group. In addition, multitarget therapies had more albumin (WMD=3.50, 95%CI: 1.04-5.95, P=0.005), greater albumin increases (OR=1.96, 95%CI: 0.63-3.29, P=0.004) and higher negative rates of ds-DNA (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.51-3.01, P﹤0.0001) and ANA (OR=2.82, 95%CI: 1.77-4.50, P﹤0.0001) when compared with the CYC group. This group also had less proteinuria levels (WMD=-0.55, 95%CI: -0.79 to -0.30, P﹤0.0001), lower degrees of SLE-DAI (OR=-1.80, 95%CI:-2.78 to -0.81, P=0.0004), and a lower adverse reaction rate. For example, gastrointestinal syndrome, irregular menstruation and leucopenia happened less frequently in the multitarget therapy group. However, hypertension was more prevalent in the multitarget therapy group. Conclusions: Multitarget therapy is an effective and safe intervention for inducing remission in lupus nephritis patients.
Comparison of neuroprotective effect of isoflurane and sevoflurane on cerebral ischemia
Authors: SAYAN Halil Erkan , MUSLU ERDEM Vuslat , KORFALI Şefika Gülsen
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of isoflurane and
sevoflurane on cerebral ischemia in patients undergoing intracranial tumour
surgery by measuring protein S-100B in serum. Patients undergoing intracranial
surgery are at risk for cerebral ischemia. The presence of S100-B in serum is
an early and the most sensitive determinant of cerebral ischemia. Methods: Twenty patients, scheduled
for elective, intracranial tumor surgery were enrolled in this prospective and randomized
study. Anaesthesia induction was performed with thiopental, fentanyl and
vecuronium. In the maintenance, isoflurane or sevoflurane was administered in a
minimum alveolar concentration of 0.8-1.2%. Peripheral blood samples were taken
at 9 different times to measure protein S-100B levels. Results: Demographic data, heart
rate, systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure and the deviations in
the end-tidal carbon dioxide were similar in the study groups (p > 0.05),
whereas diastolic arterial pressure was found to be significantly decreased in
isoflurane group after the intubation, and there was an increase in the
sevoflurane group (p < 0.05). Also there was no significant difference
between the groups regarding protein S-100B levels.

Conclusions: It was concluded that isoflurane and sevoflurane
have similar neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia and sevoflurane
may be a good alternative to isoflurane.
Avaliação de modelos volumétricos para plantio comercial de Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess na região sul do estado do Tocantins
Authors: Silva Marcos Cardoso , Goergen Suelen Fernanda , Coelho Maria Cristina Bueno , Giongo Marcos , Erpen Mauro Luiz , Dos Santos André Ferreira
Published: October 2019

A cubagem rigorosa é a medição de vários diâmetros ao longo do tronco da árvore, para a obtenção do volume real de uma única árvore. Para se estimar um volume para determinado plantio, utiliza-se equações volumétricas, que geram o volume com menos erro e mais próximo do volume real. Com isso foi realizada a cubagem rigorosa pelo método de Smalian em 46 árvores, determinadas pela classe de diâmetro, com diâmetro mínimo adotada de 2 centímetros. Foram testadas 9 equações volumétricas, avaliadas com base nos seguintes critérios: Coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R²aj), coeficiente de variação em percentagem (CV%) e análise gráfica de resíduos. Com a análise de dados, o modelo que mais se ajustou foi de Schumacher-Hall, apresentando os seguintes resultados: R² ajustado= 0,979, CV% de 2,24, a análise gráfica de dispersão de resíduos entre os valores observados e estimados, mostrou que a função ln(v) = -15,0053 + 1,29298.ln(d) + 1,266519.ln(h) apresentou ajuste adequado. Com a equação selecionada estimou-se o incremento de 6,22 m3.ha-1 ano, considerando 1.250 árvores por hectare aos 7 anos.
Aspectos Aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos da arborização das praças públicas de Gurupi, TO, Brasil
Authors: Da Silva Allan Deyvid Pereira , Batista Antonio Carlos , Giongo Marcos , Biondi Daniela Batista , Dos Santos André Ferreira , Cachoeira Jader Nunes , Machado Igor Eloi Silva
Published: October 2019

A caracterização das condições da arborização urbana contribui para o conhecimento qualitativo e quantitativo do ativo florestal de uma cidade, dando subsídio teórico para a sua gestão e manejo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a altura total e altura da primeira bifurcação, bem como as condições físicas do tronco e da copa da arborização das praças públicas de Gurupi, TO. Para isso, foi aferida a altura total e a altura da primeira bifurcação de todos os indivíduos, além disso, foi avaliada a integridade dos troncos das árvores atribuindo-lhes um conceito específico de acordo com as suas condições (Bom, Regular e Ruim) e a ocorrência de podas nas copas (Drástica, de Condução e Inexistente). Constatou-se que as mudas usadas para a arborização das praças de Gurupi não têm ido a campo com altura total e altura da primeira bifurcação mínima recomendada pela literatura especializada; as praças do Tadeu, Waldir Lins e Pedro Dias tiveram a arborização com as melhores condições de caule e as praças Vila Íris, Vila Nova e Pauliceia as piores condições; na praça do Tadeu a arborização não sofreu nenhum tipo de poda; e as praças Vila Íris e Pedro Dias são as que tem maior incidência de poda drástica em sua arborização.
Atividade antimicrobiana do alho (Allium sativum l.) frente a bactéria causadora de infecção do trato urinário
Authors: Freire Caldas Fabiano , Silva Filho Jeronimo Pereira , Rodrigues Carla Andreia Rezende , Da Silva Diego Pereira
Published: October 2019

Uma das formas de infecção mais predominante em todo mundo é a infecção do trato urinário, e pode-se determiná-la como: cistite, infecção do trato urinário baixo, infecção da bexiga ou como pielonefrite que é a forma mais grave desta patologia, onde a infecção se instala nos ureteres e rins. Na maioria dos casos a infecção é causada pela da bactéria Escherichia coli. Vários métodos alternativos com base em plantas ou extratos vegetais são testados a fim de se obter tratamentos que substituem os antibióticos sintéticos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a análise da atividade antibacteriana in vitro do óleo essencial do alho (allium sativum l.) e do extrato de alho frente bactéria Escherichia coli. O óleo essencial e os extratos do alho foram diluídos nas concentrações 100%, 50% e 25% e aplicados em meio contendo as cepas de E. coli juntamente com os antibióticos convencionais ciprofloxacina e levofloxacina para comparação de halo no antibiograma. Após incubação por 24 horas a 36°C, os resultados obtidos mostraram que o óleo essencial não apresentou resultado satisfatório, já o extrato de alho obteve halos(mm) em todas as concentrações analisadas (100% 13,33±2,59 50% 9,22±1,48 e 25% 6,22±4,27 sendo que a concentração de 100% obteve circunferências notáveis e muito próximas dos criados pelos antibióticos convencionais ciprofloxacina (11,56±4,27) e levofloxacina (13,44±3,43).
Aplicação do modelo SIR no estudo da transmissão da dengue no município de Gurupi, Tocantins
Authors: Rosa Laina Pires , Cruz Pedro Alexandre da
Published: October 2019

A dengue, uma doença infecciosa febril aguda que pode matar, tornou-se um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no Brasil. Por ainda não possuir uma vacina eficaz, seu quadro epidemiológico multiplica-se em todo território nacional, principalmente no verão, onde o mosquito Aedes aegypti vetor de transmissão da doença encontra condições ambientais favoráveis à sua alta reprodução. O objetivo desse estudo é discutir e aplicar o Modelo SIR (susceptíveis, infectados e recuperados) na descrição da transmissão da dengue no município de Gurupi-TO.  Realizando simulações a fim de validar o modelo comparando com os dados reais de casos de dengue no município, além de apresentar alterações feitas em alguns parâmetros cujos esse não se tem registros. As simulações numéricas foram efetuadas via método de Runge-Kutta de 4ª ordem implementado em linguagem C, utilizando alguns parâmetros da literatura, outros foram ajustados para validação do modelo para os períodos de 2006/2011, 2009/2013 e 2014/2016 o que proporcionou um melhor ajuste para todos os períodos quando comparados com os dados reais.
Manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de pimenta de cheiro (Capsicum chinense) armazenadas sob atmosfera modificada e refrigeração
Authors: Santos Raoni Peruch Lemos dos , Carvalho Elisângela Elena Nunes , Brito Thyago Rodrigues do Carmo , Leal Tarcísio Castro Alves de Barros , Neto Adriana Augusta , Ribeiro Glauber Ronery dos Santos , Barbosa Thiago Ferreira
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de três diferentes tipos de embalagens sobre a vida útil de pimentas de cheiro (Capsicum chinense) armazenadas sob refrigeração, por 10 dias. As pimentas foram colhidas, levadas ao laboratório, selecionadas, lavadas, sanificadas e armazenadas nas diferentes embalagens em BOD (8 ±1ºC, 90 ±5% RH) por 10 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema fatorial 3x6, sendo 3 embalagens diferentes (bandeja de isopor (15x15x3cm) recoberta com PVC, 14 micras, saquinho de polietileno e copinho de Poliestireno com 500ml de volume) e 6 tempos de armazenamento (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 dias). As análises realizadas a cada dois dias foram: perda de massa, firmeza, coloração, identificação dos compostos voláteis e avaliação da aparência externa. Independente da embalagem as pimentas mantiveram cor e aroma. A embalagem constituída por bandeja de isopor recoberta por filme PVC determina maior perda de massa e firmeza, sendo, portanto a menos indicada para o armazenamento a 8°C de pimentas de cheiro.
Social Interaction, Socio-Economic Status, and Basic Economic Knowledge of Students' Economic Behavior
Authors: Nurul Qomariyah Siti , Harti  , Hariyati
Published: October 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of social interaction, socioeconomic status, and basic economic knowledge on the economic behavior of MAN students in the Pati Regency. This research uses a quantitative research approach. This study uses primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires to students. The population in this study amounted to 266 students. Participants in this study are 160 students with a proportional random sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, there is an influence of social interaction, socioeconomic status, and basic economic knowledge on the economic behavior of MAN students in Pati Regency.
Impact of traditional bonesetters on contemporary fracture care in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs): a systematic review
Authors: Onyemaechi Ndubuisi , Menson William N.A. , Goodman Xan , Slinkard Samantha , Onwujekwe Obinna E , Enweani Ugochukwu N , Nwankwo Okechukwu E , Nwomeh Benedict C , Nwariaku Fiemu E , Ezeanolue Echezona E
Published: October 2019

Background: The review aimed at systematically examining the evidence in articles that assess the clinical effects and impact of traditional bonesetters on contemporary fracture care in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs).Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Articles were identified by database searching ((PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and Web of Science). Searching, selecting and reporting were conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement. The key words that were used in search for literature were: “Bonesetter”, “fracture healer” and “traditional bone setting”. Publications included for review were original articles, set in an LMIC and directly talked about the role and/or impact of traditional bonesetters in providing fracture care. Papers that focused on Low and Middle Income (LMIC) settings were reviewed.Results: A total of 176 papers were screened for eligibility and 15 studies were finally included. Nine were prospective studies, while 6 were retrospective studies. Most of the studies focused on clinical impacts of bone setter intervention. The evidence from the publications show that the main clinical effects of traditional bonesetters had been deleterious, but they had the potential to contribute positively when trained.Conclusion: Few well designed studies are available that assessed the impact of traditional bonesetters. Reported cases and reviews indicate their impact to be deleterious. However, the potential exist that when trained, these deleterious impact can be reduced through training for traditional bonesetters who contribute to fracture care in many LMICs.
Satisfaction of Caretakers on Community Based Newborn Care and Its Predictors in Boloso Sore District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Dargaso Yoseph Dolebo , Tunta Tujare Orsido , Yohannis Bereket kabalo
Published: October 2019

Background: A community based newborn care was very important to the survival of newborns. The program is primarily provided by Health Extension Workers. However, the quality of the care in relation to caretakers’ satisfaction has not been adequately documented. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess satisfaction of caretakers on Community-Based Newborn Care and its predictors in Boloso Sore District in South Ethiopia.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study design was done on 426 caretakers with infants’ age less than 6 months. The outcome measure was satisfaction of caretakers. Socio-demographic characteristics and service utilization of respondents, and institutional and provider-related factors were predictors of caretakers’ satisfaction on the service. Structured questionnaire developed from relevant literatures and pretested before in use. The outcome was measured by using a 5-point Likert scale of seven questions (items). The seven items were also assessed for overall reliability (Chronbach’s alpha=0.94). A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of satisfaction of care takers by controlling potential confounders.Results: Based on this study 48.8 % of caretakers who received the Community Based Newborn Care from health extension workers were satisfied. Factors associated with their satisfaction were, educational status (AOR: 3.38, 95%CI: 1.02-11.27), postnatal care given by HEWs (AOR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.39-0.98), recent child birth at home (AOR: 1.95, 95%CI: 0.99-3.86).Conclusions: More than half of caretakers who received CBNC from health extension workers in the study area were dissatisfied with the service. Public health interventions focusing on postnatal care and promoting institutional delivery might contribute to improve caretakers’ satisfaction.
Functional expression of a novel methanol-stable esterase by Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 for biocatalytic synthesis of cinnamyl acetate in a solvent-free system
Authors: Cai Xianghai , Lin Lin , Shen Yaling , Wei Wei , Wei Dong-zhi
Published: October 2019

Background: Esterases are widely distributed in nature and have important applications in medical, industrial and physiological. Recently, the increased demand for flavor esters has prompted the search of catalysts like lipases and esterases. Esterases from thermophiles also show thermal stability at elevated temperatures and have become enzymes of special interest in biotechnological applications. Although most of esterases catalyzed reactions are carried out in toxic and inflammable organic solvents, the solvent-free system owning many advantages such as low cost and easy downstream processing. Results: The gene estGSU753 from Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The novel gene has an open reading frame of 753 bp, and encoding 250-amino-acid esterase (EstGSU753). The sequence analysis showed that the protein contains a catalytic triad formed by Ser97, Asp196, and His226, and the Ser of the active site is located in the conserved motif Gly95-X-Ser97-X-Gly99 included in most esterases and lipases. The protein catalyzed the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of different acyl chain lengths, and the enzyme specific activity was 70 U/mg with the optimum substrate p-nitrophenyl caprylate. The optimum pH and temperature of the recombinant enzyme were 8.0 and 60°C respectively. The resulting EstGSU753 showed remarkable stability against methanol. After the incubation at 50% methanol for 9 days, EstGSU753 retained 50% of its original activity. Even incubation at 90% methanol for 2100 minutes, EstGSU753 retained 50% of its original activity. Also, the preliminary study of the transesterification shows the potential value in synthesis of short-chain flavor esters in a solvent-free system, and more than 99% conversion was obtained in 6 h (substrate: cinnamyl alcohol, 1.0 M). Conclusions: This is the first report of esterase gene cloning from Geobacillus subterraneus with detailed enzymatic properties. This methanol-stable esterase showed potential value in industrial applications especially in the perfume industry.
Analysis of promoter regions in the saxitoxin gene cluster identifies potential bottlenecks in heterologous biosynthesis
Authors: D'Agostino Paul Michael , Al-Sinawi Bakir , Mazmouz Rabia , Muenchhoff Julia , Neilan Brett Anthony , Moffitt Michelle
Published: October 2019

Background: Dolichospermum circinale is a filamentous bloom-forming cyanobacterium responsible for biosynthesis of the paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), including saxitoxin. PSTs are neurotoxins and in their purified form are important analytical standards for monitoring the quality of water and seafood and biomedical research tools for studying neuronal sodium channels. More recently, PSTs have been recognised for their utility as local anaesthetics. Characterisation of the transcriptional elements within the saxitoxin ( sxt ) biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) is a first step towards accessing these molecules for biotechnology. Results: In D. circinale AWQC131C the sxt BGC is transcribed from two bidirectional promoter regions encoding five individual promoters. These promoters were identified experimentally using 5ʹ RACE and their activity assessed via coupling to a lux reporter system in E. coli and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Transcription of the predicted drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) encoded by sxtPER was found to initiate from two promoters, P sxtPER and P sxtPER2 . In E. coli , strong expression of lux from P sxtP , P sxtD and P sxtPER was observed while expression from P orf24 and P sxtPER2 was remarkably weaker. In contrast, heterologous expression in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 showed that expression of lux from P sxtP , P sxtPER , and P orf24 promoters was statistically higher compared to the non-promoter control, while P sxtD showed poor activity under the described conditions. Conclusions: Both of the heterologous hosts investigated in this study exhibited high expression levels from three of the five sxt promoters. These results indicate that future experiments to clone the complete sxt BGC into either heterologous host should result in the transcription of the complete pathway following engineering of the least active promoters. Therefore, heterologous expression of the sxt BGC in either E. coli or Synechocystis could be a viable option for producing PSTs for industrial or biomedical purposes.
BCG induced neutrophil extracellular traps formation and its regulatory mechanism
Authors: Sun Erlin , Liu Kangkang , Lei Mingde , Wang Lining , Nian Xuewu , Li Limin , Gao Jingda
Published: October 2019

Background Intravesical BCG is one of the most effective immunotherapies for bladder cancer. Our previous study showed that BCG could induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which play an important role in bladder tumor treatment. To identify how BCG induced NETs formation, in this study, we examined NETs formation induced by BCG in vitro and in mouse model, then analyzed the effects of NETs on BCG, and the relevant regulatory mechanism.Methods The formation of NETs was visualized by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). NETs quantitation was evaluated by the strength of extracellular DNA. ROS and NETs formation were examined by co-culturing with the inhibitors of ROS, NADPH oxidase and relevant pathways respectively. FITC–labeled BCG was used to observe the capturing by NETs. Finally, NETs formation was observed in mouse urine and subcutaneous tumor after BCG perfusion.Results BCG time-dependently induced in vitro NETs formation, as well as in urine and subcutaneous tumor of mouse, which could be inhibited by pretreatment with DNase I and protease. Interestingly, BCG was trapped but not killed in vitro by NETs, which was different from the effect on S. aureus. Moreover, ROS was required for BCG-induced NETs formation, which was regulated by star pathways, such as MEK, p38, PI3K and PKC pathways.Conclusions By exploring how BCG induce the formation of NETs and regulatory mechanism, we concluded a novel immune reaction of neutrophils in the early stages of BCG treatment.
Immune Classification for the PD-L1 Expression and Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Noh Byeong-Joo , Kwak Jae Young , Eom Dae-Woon
Published: October 2019

Background Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related death. The recent emergence of diverse immunotherapeutic agents has made it crucial to interpret a complex tumour microenvironment intermingled with tumour-infiltrating immune cells to predict the immunotherapeutic response rate. However, in colorectal adenocarcinoma, studies are lacking that provide detailed analyses of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) to elucidate their prognostic values and to identify immunotherapy-targetable subgroups, preferably with multiple immune-related biomarkers. In the present study, we categorize colorectal adenocarcinomas into four types of tumour immune microenvironments according to PD-L1 expression and TIL, analyse their prognostic values, and propose an immunotherapy-targetable subgroup.Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of surgically resected primary colorectal adenocarcinomas (n = 489) were obtained and arrayed on tissue microarray blocks. Immunohistochemical stains for PD-L1, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), and microsatellite instability (MSI) were performed and evaluated.Results Tumour microenvironment immune type (TMIT) I (PD-L1-positive tumour cells and CD8-high TIL) and type II (PD-L1-negative tumour cells and CD8-low TIL) showed the best and worst prognoses, respectively. PD-L1 overexpression was significantly associated with MSI status. PD-L1 immunoreactivity was positively correlated with TIL having CD8 or PD-1 overexpression.Conclusions TMIT I subgroup showed stronger CD8/PD-L1/PD-1 signalling interaction compared to the other TMIT. Therefore, we propose that the TMIT I subgroup is a candidate TMIT to predict effective response rate for existing immune checkpoint inhibitors and determine targetable subgroups for emerging therapies.
Prognostic significance of PD-L1 in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma patients: a cohort study at a single institute
Authors: Zhao Yanjie , Shi Feng , Zhou Quan , Li Yuchen , Wu Jiangping , Wang Ruibin , Song Qingkun
Published: October 2019

Background This study aimed to investigate the prognostic effect of PD-L1 on Chinese non-small cell lung carcinoma patients.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted and consecutively recruited 97 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. The expression status of PD-1, PD-L1, p53 and Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier survival curve with log-rank test was used to estimate survival. Cox-Hazard Proportion regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervalResults The median tumor size was 3.5 cm and 2.0 cm among patients with positive and negative PD-L1 expression, respectively (p<0.001). The proportion of patients with positive and negative PD-L1 expression having nerve invasion was 26.3% and 5.0% (p<0.01). 47.4% patients with positive PD-L1 expression had blood vessel invasion compared with 20.0% patients with negative PD-L1 expression (p<0.01). 64.9% patients with positive PD-L1 expression had lymph node metastasis compared with 27.5% patients with negative PD-L1 expression (p<0.001). Patients with positive PD-L1 expression were more likely to be in advanced stage (p<0.001) and had higher Ki-67 index (p<0.01). PD-L1 expression status did not show any significant association with DFS or OS. However among advanced patients, HR of PD-L1 expression was 4.13 (95%CI 1.06, 16.12).Conclusions Positive PD-L1 expression is associated with poorer prognosis in advanced stage patients. Compare to patients with negative expression, patients with positive PD-L1 expression had more aggressive pathological features. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.
Pathological Response Has Survival Benefits for Rectal Cancer following Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Chen Wei-Chih , Kuo Li-Jen , Chen Chia-Che , Wei Po-Li , Huang Yu-Min , Huang Yan-Juin , Tong Yiu-Shun , Chen Ray-Jade
Published: October 2019

Background Studies reporting the results of associated factors of pathological completed response (PCR) and tumor regression response in patients with rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT) are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to identify the prognostic factors of tumor response and outcome in rectal cancer patients.Methods The study was a retrospective analysis. Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer underwent nCRT followed by surgery from 2010 to 2014 with 5 years of follow-up. The primary outcomes were associated factors of pathological completed response and downstaging. The risk factors of survival outcome and disease recurrence were also observed.Results A total of 169 rectal cancer patients were included. The PCR rate was 17.8%, and the downstaging rate was 60.9%. Patients with a histology type of adenocarcinoma associated with PCR, and patients positive for clinical N stage were associated with downstaging. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the PCR group performed better to a statistically significant level both in overall survival and disease recurrence free survival than the no PCR group (p= 0.033 & 0.025, respectively). Patients with a downstaging response also showed better overall survival benefits and disease recurrence free survival benefits than their counter-parts (both p<0.001). After controlling confounding variables, the risk factors of overall survival were downstaging [Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21-0.74], male, abnormal post-nCRT CEA level and abnormal Hb level. In addition, the protective factors of recurrence were downstaging and having adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusions Among rectal cancer patients who received the neoadjuvant therapy, histology type and clinical N stage were associated with PCR and downstaging, respectively. Downstaging was an important protective factor for better overall survival and recurrence free survival.
Single-institution experience with selective internal radiation therapy for the treatment of primary and secondary hepatic tumors
Authors: Yammine Kabalan , Kamar Francois G. , Nasser Jason , Tayar Claude , Ghosn Marwan , Chehade Feras , Daher Jihad , Nicolas Gregory
Published: October 2019

Background
Numerous studies have demonstrated that radioembolization of the liver with yttrium-90 microspheres provides a survival advantage for patients with unresectable primary or secondary tumors of the liver. The goal of this study was to provide results of the real-world experience of a single center in Lebanon with the use of radioembolization to treat liver-only or liver-dominant tumors.

Methods
Patients were included in this retrospective review if they were evaluated for radioembolization between January 2015 and June 2017 and had a lung shunt fraction of 20% or less. Tumor responses were determined using the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors.

Results
Of the 23 patients treated with radioembolization, 8 had hepatocellular carcinoma, 4 had cholangiocellular carcinoma, and 11 had liver-only or liver-dominant metastases from other primary cancers. All were Middle Eastern, with a median age of 64 years (range 36-87 years), and 14 were men. A majority (n=19) had an initial tumor volume of 49% or less. Most (n=17) had multifocal lesions, and 8 had a history of branched or main portal vein thrombosis. Eighteen patients required arterial coil occlusion. Two patients had their cystic artery occluded, and one of these patients developed cholecystitis, which was successfully treated with antibiotics and supportive care. Only one other patient developed a postradioembolization complication, which was a peptic ulcer and was not thought to be due to arterial reflux of microspheres because both the gastroduodenal and right gastric arteries were occluded. Median time to progression was 7 months (range 3-36 months), and median overall survival from radioembolization was 12 months (range 3-40 months). Tumor responses include complete response for 5 patients and partial response for 13 patients. One patient had stable disease and 4 had progressive disease.

Conclusion
While avoiding prophylactic coiling, we had a positive experience with coiling of the gastroduodenal artery and middle hepatic artery for consolidation of radiotherapy. Performing radioembolization in a nonreferral, private center in Lebanon resulted in good patient outcomes with a low rate of complications.
RIPK1 Polymorphisms Alter the Susceptibility to Cervical Cancer among the Uyghur population in China
Authors: Han Lili , Husaiyin Sulaiya , Ma Chunhua , Niyazi Mayinuer
Published: October 2019

Background: RIPK1 (receptor-interacting protein kinase-1) plays a role in cancer development, whereas no clear studies focused on the cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between RIPK1 polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk among the Uyghur population.
Methods: We performed a case-control study including 342 cervical cancer patients and 498 age-matched healthy controls. Five RIPK1 genetic variants (rs6907943, rs3736724, rs2077681, rs9503400 and rs17548629) were genotyped with Agena MassARRAY platform. The associations between RIPK1 polymorphisms and cervical cancer risk were assessed under multivariate logistic regression models.
Results: The results showed rs3736724 and rs2077681 were significantly associated with cervical cancer risk under various genetic models ( p < 0.05). The stratified analysis indicated that the relationships of rs2077681 and rs17548629 with cervical cancer risk were statistically significant in the subgroups of elderly individuals (age > 43 years) and stage. Additional, rs3736724 decreased the cervical cancer risk among the subjects aged ≤ 43 years in codominant model ( p = 0.043). Rs6907943 and rs9503400 could influence the susceptibility of cervical cancer for the patients with different stage ( p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that RIPK1 polymorphisms are associated with cervical cancer susceptibility among the Uyghur population in China, and may be involved in the development of cervical cancer.