bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abi3bp Regulates Cardiac Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation
Authors: Hodgkinson Conrad P. , Gomez Jose A. , Payne Alan J. , Zhang Lunan , Wang Xiaowen , Dal-Pra Sophie , Pratt Richard E. , Dzau Victor J.
Published: October 2014

Rationale
:

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) are thought to differentiate into the major cell types of the heart: cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. We have recently identified ABI family, member 3 (NESH) binding protein (Abi3bp) as a protein important for mesenchymal stem cell biology. Because CPCs share several characteristics with mesenchymal stem cells, we hypothesized that Abi3bp would similarly affect CPC differentiation and proliferation.

Objective
:

To determine whether Abi3bp regulates CPC proliferation and differentiation.

Methods and Results
:

In vivo, genetic ablation of the Abi3bp gene inhibited CPC differentiation, whereas CPC number and proliferative capacity were increased. This correlated with adverse recovery after myocardial infarction. In vitro, CPCs, either isolated from Abi3bp knockout mice or expressing an Abi3bp shRNA construct, displayed a higher proliferative capacity and, under differentiating conditions, reduced expression of both early and late cardiomyocyte markers. Abi3bp controlled CPC differentiation via integrin-β1, protein kinase C-ζ, and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog.

Conclusions
:

We have identified Abi3bp as a protein important for CPC differentiation and proliferation.
Relative Roles of CD90 and c‐Kit to the Regenerative Efficacy of Cardiosphere‐Derived Cells in Humans and in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cheng Ke , Ibrahim Ahmed , Hensley M. Taylor , Shen Deliang , Sun Baiming , Middleton Ryan , Liu Weixin , Smith Rachel R. , Marbán Eduardo
Published: October 2014

Background

The regenerative potential of cardiosphere‐derived cells (
CDC
s) for ischemic heart disease has been demonstrated in mice, rats, pigs, and a recently completed clinical trial (
CADUCEUS
).
CDC
s are
CD
105
+
stromal cells of intrinsic cardiac origin, but the antigenic characteristics of the active fraction remain to be defined.
CDC
s contain a small minority of c‐kit
+
cells, which have been argued to be cardiac progenitors, and a variable fraction of
CD
90
+
cells whose bioactivity is unclear.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the
CADUCEUS
trial and a prospective mouse study to elucidate the roles of c‐kit
+
and
CD
90
+
cells in human
CDC
s. Here, we show, surprisingly, that c‐kit expression has no relationship to
CDC
s' therapeutic efficacy in humans, and depletion of c‐kit
+
cells does not undermine the structural and functional benefits of
CDC
s in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI). In contrast,
CD
90 expression negatively correlates with the therapeutic benefit of
CDC
s in humans (ie, higher
CD
90 expression associated with lower efficacy). Depletion of
CD
90
+
cells augments the functional potency of
CDC
s in murine MI.
CD
90
−
CDC
s secrete lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and can differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

The majority population of
CDC
s (
CD
105
+
/
CD
90
−
/c‐kit
−
) constitutes the active fraction, both in terms of therapeutic efficacy and in the ability to undergo cardiomyogenic differentiation. The c‐kit
+
fraction is neither necessary for, nor contributory to, the regenerative efficacy of
CDC
s.
When the old guys knew better: The true identity of Mimosa longepedunculata and reestablishment of M. tocantina (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae)
Authors: Borges Leonardo Maurici , Pirani José Rubens
Published: October 2014

Megadiverse genera usually have a complex taxonomy. One factor influencing this complexity is concerned to synonyms, which are often numerous in widespread and morphologically variable species. In this article we examined the case of Mimosa longepedunculata and M. tocantina, two sympatric narrowly distributed species from central Brazil, considered to be synonyms in Barneby’s monograph. We show that this was an inaccurate taxonomic decision related to a misinterpretation of the type specimens and, possibly, also to sampling biases in field works. The definition of each species is here clarified and M. tocantina is reestablished and considered a distinct species from M. longepedunculata, having M. pseudosetosa as a new synonym. A regional identification key for the species is provided together with data on distribution and habitat, flowering and fruiting, conservation status, etymology, and notes on morphology. Illustrations, pictures and a full description of M. longepedunculata are also presented.
NOAA Local Climate Analysis Tool (LCAT): Data, Methods, and Usability
Authors: Timofeyeva-Livezey Marina , Horsfall Fiona , Hollingshead Annette , Meyers Jenna , Dupigny-Giroux Lesley-Ann
Published: October 2014

NOAA’s NWS implemented the new Local Climate Analysis Tool (LCAT) on 1 July 2013. The tool supports the delivery of climate services by quickly providing information to help with climate-sensitive decisions and to facilitate the development of local climate studies and assessments. LCAT provides its users with the ability to conduct local climate variability and change analyses using scientific techniques and the most trusted data, identified through consultation and approval with NOAA subject matter experts. LCAT data include climate-relevant surface observations for individual stations, regional divisions, and gridded reanalysis output. LCAT methods include trend-fitting techniques to assess the local rate of climate change, frequency and conditional probability analyses, and correlation studies to identify existing relationships between local climate and modes of climate variability, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The tool produces customized output for individual users through a web-interface. These include graphical and tabular numeric data that can be either saved in the LCAT online environment or exported in standard formats for further analysis. For each query, LCAT provides an explanation for all graphical output to help users interpret the scientific results. LCAT also offers training modules explaining usability, data, scientific methods, and potential applications, with emphasis on the tool’s appropriate and inappropriate uses. Examples of LCAT applications include guidance for planning, resources management, and assessment purposes. LCAT has the potential for expansion to include a wide variety of datasets for broader application in environmental and socioeconomic decision support.
Sorption-Caused Attenuation and Delay of Water Vapor Signals in Eddy-Covariance Sampling Tubes and Filters
Authors: Nordbo Annika , Kekäläinen Pekka , Siivola Erkki , Mammarella Ivan , Timonen Jussi , Vesala Timo
Published: October 2014

Adsorption and desorption (together called sorption) processes in sampling tubes and filters of eddy-covariance stations cause attenuation and delay of water vapor signals, leading to an underestimation of water vapor fluxes by tens of percent. The aim of this work was (i) to quantify the effects on sorption in filters and tubes of humidity, flow rate, and dirtiness and (ii) to test a recently introduced sorption model that facilitates correction of fluxes. Laboratory measurements on the transport of water vapor pulses through tubes and filters were carried out, and eddy-covariance field measurements were also used.

In the laboratory measurements, the effects of sorption processes were evident, and filters caused a similar attenuation and delay of the signal as tubes. Filters could have a larger impact than a long tube, whereas the flow rate had a much smaller impact on the flux loss than the sorption processes (Reynolds numbers 2120–3360). The sorption model represented well the water vapor pulses in a wide range of conditions. As for the field measurements, the transfer function (TF) derived from the sorption model represented well the observations. Fitting parameters were found to depend strongly on the relative humidity and correlate with the signal delay. Having a more complex shape, TF of the sorption model represented much better the measured TFs than, for example, a Lorentzian or adjusted Gaussian TF, leading on average to a 4% unit difference in the flux corrections. Use of this more complex TF is recommended and its implementation is assisted by the codes provided in appendix B.
International Aid to Southern Europe in the Early Postwar Period
Authors: Sotiropoulos Dimitri A.
Published: October 2014

After World War II, Greece and Italy experienced a Left-Right political polarization and a repetition of earlier patterns of political patronage. Both countries received international aid, including emergency relief, interim loans, and Marshall Plan funds. By the beginning of the 1950s, Italy had progressed from stabilization to reconstruction and then to development, while Greece progressed belatedly with reconstruction and did not achieve stabilization until after the end of the Marshall Plan. The different outcomes are explained by institutional legacies and historical conjunctures, such as the disastrous Greek Civil War; the tradition of developmental Italian state agencies, such as prewar Italy’s Instituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI), a state-controlled conglomerate, which Greece lacked; government instability, which prior to 1950 had tormented Greece more than Italy; distrust from the Greek middle and upper classes of the political and administrative elites; and the prevalence of an economic culture fostering industrialization in Italy, which emerged only belatedly in Greece.
U.S. Aid and Uneven Development in East Asia
Authors: Gray Kevin
Published: October 2014

This article discusses the divergent developmental outcomes among postwar South Korea, Taiwan, and South Vietnam. While U.S. aid has correctly been identified as a key factor in the rapid postwar development of South Korea and Taiwan, the failure of aid to establish strong institutions in South Vietnam calls for a closer analysis of how different historical and geopolitical factors explain the greater political stability and institutional capacity of South Korea and Taiwan. In particular, the legacies of Japanese colonialism are seen as having played a key role in establishing the strong developmental states of South Korea and Taiwan, while the postcolonial South Vietnamese state was more fragile. As such, there was greater political resistance to land reform in the latter, and large amounts of U.S. economic and military aid were unable to quell domestic insurgency and establish the basis for economic development.
Foreign Aid, Resource Rents, and State Fragility in Mozambique and Angola
Authors: Pérez Niño Helena , Le Billon Philippe
Published: October 2014

Sharing similar colonial and postindependence civil war experiences, Mozambique’s and Angola’s development paths are often contrasted, with foreign aid–dependent Mozambique hailed a success compared to oil-rentier Angola. This article questions the so-called Mozambican miracle and revisits Angola’s trajectory over the past two decades. Paying attention to ruling parties and postwar political economy transitions, we discuss differences and similarities in postconflict reconstruction paths, policy, and institutional fragility. We suggest that large aid flows to Mozambique have contributed to a relaxation of its government’s urgency in creating the financial structure capable of capturing rents from natural resources in contrast to Angola, where the relative absence of official development aid has led Angolan elites to seek tenure prolongation partly through high rent capture and incipient socialization of massive oil rents. We conclude by discussing the likely consequences of these factors in terms of the relative “fragility” and “robustness” of both states, and by discussing the implications for foreign assistance.
Transition Regimes and Security Sector Reforms in Sierra Leone and Liberia
Authors: Onoma Ato Kwamena
Published: October 2014

Why are some countries more successful at carrying out postconflict reconstruction programs than are others? Sierra Leone and Liberia have similar histories and suffered wars that were intimately linked. When the wars ended, foreign-backed efforts were undertaken to reform the security sector in each country. These reforms were more successful in Sierra Leone than in Liberia. This article argues that the diverging outcomes are explained by the extent to which postconflict regimes reflected the distribution of power on the ground in the two countries. Sierra Leone’s transition regime better reflected the distribution of power among forces on the ground, which led to a consultative approach to framing the reform program. The input of key local actors in policy formulation has made implementation of these reforms less difficult. In Liberia the transition regime was built on a repudiation of local power realities leading to a nonconsultative approach to reform that has severely compromised the implementation of reforms.
Intervention and State-Building
Authors: Monten Jonathan
Published: October 2014

Since 2001, international attention has focused on the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, and specifically on the question of whether external intervention can assist weak or fragile states in successfully making the transition to stable democracies. This article analyzes the U.S. occupations of Japan beginning in 1945, Afghanistan beginning in 2001, and Iraq beginning in 2003, and uses these cases to review and critique the literature on why some interventions have been more successful than others in building robust and effective state institutions. The comparative analysis suggests that external interveners face substantial barriers to state-building in circumstances that lack favorable domestic preconditions. The United States has been more successful when preserving existing state capacity than when attempting to build state strength where it did not previously exist.
Is it cultural racism? Discursive exclusion and oppression of migrants in the Netherlands
Authors: Siebers Hans , Dennissen Marjolein HJ
Published: October 2014

Like elsewhere in Europe, a discourse that is hostile to migrants in general and Muslims in particular has emerged in Dutch politics and media. Can we understand this Dutch migrant-hostile discourse as a kind of racism, i.e. cultural racism? The authors studied this discourse (Dutch political and media texts) and its impact on the lived experiences of Dutch Moroccan Muslims in work settings (21 interviews). They found little evidence of the concept of cultural racism as long as it maintains notions of biological or genetic hierarchy, while it becomes redundant once it abandons such notions. Alternative concepts like cultural essentialism and cultural fundamentalism are sufficient to understand this discourse as well as its impact on Moroccan Muslims’ lived experiences. Cultural fundamentalism has become successful because it belongs to a different category than racism.
Smell organization: Bodies and corporeal porosity in office work
Authors: Riach Kathleen , Warren Samantha
Published: October 2014

This article contributes to a sensory equilibrium in studies of workplace life through a qualitative study of everyday smells in UK offices. Drawing on Csordas’ (2008) phenomenology of intercorporeality, we develop the concept of corporeal porosity as a way of articulating the negotiation of bodily integrity in organizational experience. We explore the corporeal porosity of workplace life through smell-orientated interview and diary-based methods and our findings highlight the interdependence of shared, personal, local and cultural elementals when experiencing smell in office-based work. Our analysis explores three elements of bodily integrity: ‘cultural permeability’; ‘locating smell in-between’; and ‘sensual signifiers’. This suggests that while the senses are part of the ephemeral, affective ‘glue’ that floats between and around working bodies, they also foreground the constantly active character of relationality in organizational life. Corporeal porosity, therefore, captures the entanglement of embodied traces and fragments – corporeal seeping and secretion that has hitherto taken a backseat in organizational studies of the body at work.
Knowledge transfer or social competence? A comparison of German and Canadian adolescent students on their socio-motivational relationships in school
Authors: Hoferichter Frances , Raufelder Diana , Eid Michael , Bukowski William M.
Published: October 2014

This cross-national study investigates the perception of the impact of students’ relationships towards teachers and peers on scholastic motivation in a total sample of 1477 seventh and eighth grade German ( N = 1088) and Canadian ( N = 389) secondary school students. By applying Multigroup Confirmatory Latent Class Analysis in Mplus we confirmed four different motivation types: (1) teacher-dependent; (2) peer-dependent; (3) teacher-and-peer-dependent; (4) teacher-and-peer-independent motivation types in Québec, Canada, as they were found in a preliminary study among German students in the state of Brandenburg ( Raufelder, Jagenow, Drury, & Hoferichter, 2013 ). However, across the two samples, the class sizes varied considerable. The largest group among Canadian students was composed of teacher-and-peer-dependent students, followed by teacher-and-peer-independent students, while the largest group among German students was composed of peer-dependent students, followed by teacher-and-peer-independent students. In both settings the teacher-dependent motivation type constituted the smallest group. These results manifest the different impacts of social environmental variables on the motivation of German and Canadian students, having practical implications for school psychologists and educators in general.
Predictors of Perioperative Complications in Higher Risk Children after Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Prospective Study
Authors: Thongyam Anchana , Marcus Carole L. , Lockman Justin L. , Cornaglia Mary Anne , Caroff Aviva , Gallagher Paul R. , Shults Justine , Traylor Joel T. , Rizzi Mark D. , Elden Lisa
Published: October 2014

Objective

Retrospective studies have limitations in predicting perioperative risk following adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Few prospective studies exist. We hypothesized that demographic and polysomnographic (PSG) variables would predict respiratory and general perioperative complications.

Study Design

Prospective, observational cohort study.

Setting

Pediatric tertiary center.

Subjects and Methods

Consecutive children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for OSAS within 12 months of PSG were evaluated for complications occurring within 2 weeks of surgery.

Results

There were 329 subjects, with 27% <3 years old, 24% obese, 16% preterm, and 29% with comorbidities. In this higher risk population, 28% had respiratory complications (major and/or minor), and 33% had nonrespiratory complications. Significant associations were found between PSG parameters and respiratory complications as follows: apnea hypopnea index (rank‐biserial correlation coefficient [r] = 0.174, P =. 017), SpO2 nadir (r = −0.332, P <. 0005), sleep time with SpO2 <90% (r = 0.298, P <. 0005), peak end‐tidal CO2 (r = 0.354, P <. 0005), and sleep time with end‐tidal CO2 >50 mm Hg (r = 0.199, P =. 006). Associations were also found between respiratory complications and age <3 years (r = −0.174, P =. 003) or black race (r = 0.123, P =. 039). No significant associations existed between PSG parameters and nonrespiratory complications. A model using age <3 years, SpO2 nadir, and peak CO2 predicted respiratory complications better than the American Academy of Pediatrics or American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation guidelines but was imperfect (area under the curve = 0.72).

Conclusion

Thus, PSG predicted perioperative respiratory, but not nonrespiratory, complications in children with OSAS. Age <3 years or black race are high‐risk factors. Present guidelines have limitations in determining the need for postoperative admission.
Associations between Socioeconomic Status and Race with Complications after Tonsillectomy in Children
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil , Shapiro Nina L.
Published: October 2014

Objective

To determine if disparities exist for revisits and complications after pediatric tonsillectomy.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional analysis of multistate databases.

Setting

Ambulatory surgery.

Methods

Cases of pediatric tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were extracted from state ambulatory surgery databases and linked to state emergency department databases and inpatient databases for California, Iowa, Florida, and New York for 2010 and 2011. Revisit rates and diagnoses within 14 days were analyzed for potential associations of these complications with sex, race, and median household income quartile.

Results

There were 79,520 cases of pediatric tonsillectomy that were extracted (50.3% male; mean age, 7.5 years). Overall, 6419 patients (8.1%) incurred a revisit after the procedure. Revisit rates for posttonsillectomy bleeding, acute pain, and fever/dehydration were 2.1%, 1.5%, and 2.2%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, increasing household income quartile was significantly associated with a decreasing rate of all complications: revisits (odds ratio [OR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84‐0.89), posttonsillectomy bleeding (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86‐0.96), acute pain (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.74‐0.84), and fever/dehydration (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89‐0.98). Female sex was associated with a decreased rate of posttonsillectomy hemorrhaging (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.73‐0.91). Black and Hispanic children had an increased risk for a revisit after tonsillectomy (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.22; and OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09‐1.26, respectively) and increased odds for acute pain at the revisit (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.10‐1.67; and OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.57, respectively) relative to white children. Race was not associated with the rate of hemorrhage posttonsillectomy.

Conclusion

Significant disparities, particularly with respect to household income, exist in the incidence of revisits and complications after pediatric tonsillectomy. The disparate burden of increased revisits and acute pain diagnoses after tonsillectomy deserve further attention.
Anatomical and clinical factors favoring the performance of saphenous ablation and microphlebectomy or sclerotherapy as a single-stage procedure
Authors: Kokkosis AA , Schanzer H
Published: October 2014

Objective

To identify the anatomical and clinical parameters that predict lack of regression of superficial varicosities after ablation of the great saphenous vein.

Methods

Symptomatic patients treated with endovenous ablation from August 2006 to July 2013, by a single surgeon, were included. Recorded parameters included age, sex, size, and extent of varicosities (class I–IV) (patient standing), and diameter and length (patient supine) of treated great saphenous vein. Varicose vein classification was defined as: class I ≤6 mm and localized to thigh or leg, class II ≤6 mm and present in the thigh and leg (extensive), class III >6 mm and localized to the thigh or leg, and class IV >6 mm and extensive. “Excellent” results were defined as complete resolution of varicosities, “good” results as incomplete resolution, and “poor” results as no improvement.

Results

A total of 267 patients and 302 consecutive limbs were included in the study. There were 175 females (65.5%), and the mean age was 54 years old (22–92). The CEAP classification was as follows: C2 (81.5%), C3 (6.3%), C4 (7.9%), C5 (2.0%), and C6 (2.3%). Great saphenous vein diameters was significantly larger in patients with C3–C6 (proximal 0.84 ± 0.25 versus 0.65 ± 0.21, p = < 0.0001, distal 0.58 ± 0.18 versus 0.44 ± 0.13, p < 0.0001) or class III–IV varicose veins (proximal 0.85 ± 0.25 versus 0.75 ± 0.27, p = 0.012, distal 0.62 ± 0.62 versus 0.50 ± 0.17, p < 0.0001). Class III–IV limbs had a “good/poor” result 69.8% of the time, as compared to 51.9% of the limbs class I–II varicose veins (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Advanced chronic venous disease (C3–C6) patients have larger diameter great saphenous veins, reflecting the progressive nature of the disease. Patients with more severe varicosities regardless of CEAP class were more likely to require a secondary procedure. The severity of the varicosities may not correlate with the degree of venous disease, but it is an indication of which patients should undergo secondary procedures, possibly with a one-stage approach.
Does Genomics Challenge the Social Construction of Race?
Authors: Morning Ann
Published: October 2014

Shiao, Bode, Beyer, and Selvig argue that the theory of race as a social construct should be revisited in light of recent genetic research, which they interpret as demonstrating that human biological variation is patterned in “clinal classes” that are homologous to races. In this reply, I examine both their claims and the genetics literature they cite, concluding that not only does constructivist theory already accommodate the contemporary study of human biology, but few geneticists portray their work as bearing on race. Equally important, methods for statistically identifying DNA-based clusters within the human species are shaped by several design features that offer opportunities for the incorporation of cultural assumptions about difference. As a result, Shiao et al.’s theoretical distinction between social race and biological “clinal class” is empirically jeopardized by the fact that even our best attempts at objectively recording “natural” human groupings are socially conditioned.
On Racial Speculation and Racial Science
Authors: HoSang Daniel Martinez
Published: October 2014

In June 2012, Sociological Theory published “The Genomic Challenge to the Social Construction of Race” by Jiannbin Lee Shiao, Thomas Bode, Amber Beyer, and Daniel Selvig. The article argues that “recent research on the human genome challenges the basic assumption that human races have no biological basis” (p. 68). The authors advance a “bounded nature” account of race to suggest that “biological ancestry” might lead to “different frequencies of personality and cognitive characteristics” by race (p. 83). In this response I investigate three propositions central to Shiao et al.’s argument: (1) the contention that contemporary genetics research has documented a biological basis to race, (2) the assertion that such research warrants inquiries into the way “biological ancestry” might “contribute to average group differences” by race (p. 83), and (3) the claim that there is no “essential characteristic” of their findings that might be complicit with biological racism.
Influence of ferrite yellow on combustion and smoke suppression properties in intumescent flame-retardant epoxy composites
Authors: Chen Xilei , Liu Lei , Jiao Chuanmei , Qian Yi , Li Shaoxiang
Published: October 2014

A series of intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resins (IFREP) were prepared based on bisphenol A epoxy resin (EP) as matrix resin, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol as intumescent flame retardants (IFRs), and ferrite yellow (goethite) as smoke suppressant. Then, the synergistic flame-retardant and smoke suppression properties of α-FeOOH on IFR epoxy composites were intensively investigated using cone calorimeter test and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal degradation process of IFR epoxy composites were studied using thermogravimetric analysis–infrared spectrometry under nitrogen atmosphere. Then, the pyrolysis kinetics parameters were investigated using Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. The results showed that goethite can significantly reduce heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, and total smoke release. There are obvious synergistic flame-retardant and smoke suppression effects between goethite and IFRs in epoxy composites.
Using partnership to ameliorate regional policies? The case of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Authors: Perron Catherine
Published: October 2014

The partnership principle in the European Union has often been examined in the context of the emergence of a multi-level type of governance. Recently, a number of studies have focused on the implementation of the European Cohesion Policy in the new member states. They have listed the numerous obstacles to its functioning effectively. However, given the shortfalls, they were not in the position to question the entire range of effects of partnership when it does indeed work. Complementary to this approach, this paper starts from the example of a best-practice, looking at the concrete results of the use of partnership to ensure a place-based approach to regional policies. It uses the example of the East-German Land of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a NUTS II region that benefits from structural funding under the convergence objective. After a brief description of how the partnership principle works on the ground, it examines the conditions of its success. It then analyses its contribution to “good governance”. Lastly, it examines whether this form of partnership rises to the challenge of implementing a place-based approach as defined in the Barca Report. It argues that it neither offers all individuals a chance to become informed and contribute their knowledge or express their preferences about the delivery of projects, which involve the very technical issues of regional development and the disbursement of the structural funds. Nor does it allow control and pressure on policy makers by the citizen. The findings show that, as a consequence, the kind of policies promoted fail to fulfil both the objectives of efficiency and equity.
Psychological Factors and Personality Traits Associated With Patients in Chronic Foot and Ankle Pain
Authors: Shivarathre Deepak Gubbi , Howard Nicholas , Krishna Sowmya , Cowan Chris , Platt Simon R.
Published: October 2014

Background:

The impact of psychosocial factors and personality traits in chronic pain is well established. However, there has been limited literature analyzing the influence of psychological issues in chronic foot and ankle pain. The aim of our study was to identify the association of certain psychosocial factors and personality traits in individuals with chronic painful foot and ankle disorders.

Methods:

Patients with chronic foot and ankle pain were recruited from the specialist foot and ankle clinic. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised (EPQ-R), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), and Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD) scale were administered in the form of questionnaires. An age- and sex-matched cohort of healthy volunteers served as the control group. Sample size was determined after power calculation, and a total of 90 participants were recruited with informed consent with 45 participants in each arm. Results were analyzed and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS.

Results:

Patients with chronic foot and ankle pain had significantly higher neuroticism scores than the control group ( P < .05). The study also revealed greater prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic pain ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

The study showed a significant association of anxiety, depression, and neuroticism in patients presenting with chronic foot and ankle pain. Clinicians should recognize the influence of these specific psychological issues to provide a more holistic approach to the clinical problem.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case control study.
Reynolds transport theorem for smooth deformations of currents on manifolds
Authors: Falach Lior , Segev Reuven
Published: October 2014

The Reynolds transport theorem for the rate of change of an integral over an evolving domain is generalized. For a manifold B, a differentiable motion m of B in the manifold [Formula: see text], an r-current T in B, and the sequence of images m( t) ♯ T of the current under the motion, we consider the rate of change of the action of the images on a smooth r-form in [Formula: see text]. The essence of the resulting computations is that the derivative operator is represented by the dual of the Lie derivative operation on smooth forms.
Comparison of the carbon footprint of different patient diets in a Spanish hospital
Authors: Vidal Rosario , Moliner Enrique , Pikula Andrej , Mena-Nieto Angel , Ortega Agustín
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Mitigating climate change requires management strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in any sector, including the health system. Carbon footprint calculations should play a key role in quantifying and communicating these emissions. Food is among the categories with low accuracy because the carbon footprint for food is still under development. We aimed to quantify the carbon footprint of different diets.

Methods

Average carbon footprint for a normal diet was based on detailed composition data in Juan Ramón Jiménez Hospital (Huelva, Spain). In addition, the carbon footprints of 17 other therapeutic diets were estimated using a streamlined variation of each diet published by Benidorm Clinical Hospital (Spain).

Results

The carbon footprint was calculated for 18 hospital diets for a variety of patients. The reference menu corresponds to the normal diet provided to patients who do not have special dietary requirements. This menu has a low carbon footprint of 5.083 CO2 eq/day.

Conclusions

Hospital diets contribute to the carbon footprint of a hospital. The type of diet has a significant impact on the greenhouse gas emissions. A Mediterranean diet is associated with lower environmental impact than diets with more meat, in particular red meat.
Boundary objects in clinical simulation and design of eHealth
Authors: Jensen Sanne , Kushniruk Andre
Published: October 2014

Development and implementation of eHealth is challenging due to the complexity of clinical work practices and organizations. Standardizing work processes and documentation procedures is one way of coping with these challenges, and acceptance of these initiatives and acceptance of the clinical information system are vital for success. Clinical simulation may be used as “boundary objects” and help transferring of knowledge between groups of stakeholders and help to better understand needs and requirements in other parts of the organization. This article presents a case study about design of electronic documentation templates for nurses’ initial patient assessment, where clinical simulation was used as a boundary object and thereby achieved mutual clinical agreement on the content. Results showed that meetings prior to and in between workshops allowed all communities of practice an opportunity to voice their point of view and affect the final result. Implications of considering clinical simulations as boundary objects are discussed.
Intra-governmental bargaining and political budget cycles in the European Union
Authors: Bojar Abel
Published: October 2014

Political fragmentation has been widely recognized by political economists as an important cause for fiscal profligacy in democratic market economies because of the common pool nature of fiscal resources. These predictions, however, sit uneasily with the notion of governmental veto players’ ability to block each other’s spending plans for electoral purposes. Applying the logic of a bargaining-game between veto players in a political budget cycle framework, I first model that multiple players in the budget game are in fact likely to moderate pre-electoral budget outcomes. Empirical results from a cross-section time-series analysis in EU member states provide corroborative evidence that fiscal electioneering is indeed more prevalent among cohesive, single-party settings. The findings are robust to alternative identification of elections, fiscal changes and sample selection.
Syringe wars shed further light on interlocutory preliminary injunctive relief in Australia
Authors: Condon Wayne
Published: October 2014

Since 2004, Reckitt Benckiser (Reckitt) has supplied Nurofen for Children in Australia together with a dosing system comprising a bottle, a bottle neck liner, and a flat-nosed syringe. That dispensing mechanism is the subject of a patent. GlaxoSmithKline introduced into the Australian market place its Children’s Panadol 1–5 Years product (GlaxoSmithKline Product) together with a liquid- dispensing apparatus also consisting of a bottle, a bottle neck liner, and a syringe. Following introduction of the GlaxoSmithKline Product, Reckitt sued for patent infringement and obtained a preliminary injunction.
A triumph for generic medicines and the right to health in Africa Patricia Asero Ochieng & Ors. v. Attorney General (Petition No. 409 of 2009, Judgment of the Kenyan High Court, 20 April 2012)
Authors: Oke Emmanuel K
Published: October 2014

The right to health is a justiciable right in Kenya because Article 43(1)(a) of the Kenyan Constitution of 2010 provides that everyone has the right to “the highest attainable standard of health, which includes the right to health care services, including reproductive health care.” Recently, a Kenyan High Court made some landmark pronouncements on the nature of the relationship between the right to health and intellectual property rights. Importantly, the court held that patent rights should not be allowed to trump the right to health of patients who require access to medicines. The court also held that the Kenya Anti-Counterfeit Act which failed to specifically exclude generic medicines from the definition of counterfeit products infringed the right to health.
Grey Owl in the White Settler Wilderness: “Imaginary Indians” in Canadian Culture and Law
Authors: Stewart Fenn
Published: October 2014

This article considers Grey Owl’s tenure in Saskatchewan’s Prince Albert National Park as a “telling instance” of the ways in which iconic Canadian wilderness spaces have been constructed in white settler culture and law – not only through the erasure of Indigenous people(s), but also through highly visible forms of cultural appropriation, including the installation of “imaginary Indians.” Placed in the context of the complex history of Treaty Six, the story of Grey Owl reveals how white settler culture and law have been constructed with reference to two “imaginary Indians”: the “Bolshevik Indian” and the “Park Ranger Indian.” The former, figured as a source of lawlessness and destruction, is erased from the terrain of the nation; the latter, represented in this case by Grey Owl, figures the “consent” of “Indians” to settler law, “naturalizes” Canadian sovereignty, and bestows upon the nation a heritage of “Indian” culture that it is otherwise felt to be lacking.
Avoiding and managing vascular injury during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Sotelo René , Nunez Bragayrac Luciano A. , Machuca Victor , Garza Cortes Roberto , Azhar Raed A.
Published: October 2014

There has been an increase in the number of urologic procedures performed robotically assisted; this is the case for radical prostatectomy. Currently, in the USA, 67% of prostatectomies are performed robotically assisted. With this increase in robotic urologic surgery it is clear that there are more surgeons in their learning curve, where most of the complications occur. Among the complications that can occur are vascular injuries. These can occur in the initial stages of surgery, such as in accessing the abdominal cavity, as well as in the intraoperative or postoperative setting. We present the most common vascular injuries in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, as well as their management and prevention. We believe that it is of vital importance to be able to recognize these injuries so that they can be prevented.
Emergency single‐balloon enteroscopy in overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: Efficacy and safety
Authors: Pinto-Pais Teresa , Pinho Rolando , Rodrigues Adélia , Fernandes Carlos , Ribeiro Iolanda , Fraga José , Carvalho João
Published: October 2014

We aimed to evaluate the impact of emergency single‐balloon enteroscopy (SBE) on the diagnosis and treatment for active overt obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB).

Methods

SBE procedures for OGIB were retrospectively reviewed and sub‐divided according to the bleeding types: active‐overt and inactive‐overt bleeding. The patient's history, laboratory results, endoscopic findings and therapeutic interventions were registered. Emergency SBE was defined as an endoscopy that was performed for active‐overt OGIB, within 24 hours of clinical presentation.

Results

Between January 2010 and February 2013, 53 SBEs were performed in 43 patients with overt OGIB. Seventeen emergency SBEs were performed in 15 patients with active overt‐OGIB procedures (group A), which diagnosed the bleeding source in 14: angiodysplasia (n  = 5), ulcers/erosions (n  = 3), bleeding tumors (gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), n  = 3; neuroendocrine tumor, n  = 1), and erosioned polyps (n  = 2). Endoscopic treatment was performed in nine patients, with one or multiple hemostatic therapies: argon plasma coagulation (n  = 5), epinephrine submucosal injection (n  = 5), hemostatic clips (n  = 3), and polypectomy (n  = 2). Twenty‐eight patients with inactive bleeding (group B) were submitted to 36 elective SBEs, which successfully diagnosed 18 cases. The diagnostic yield in group A (93.3%) was significantly higher than in group B (64.3%)—Fisher's exact test, p  = 0.038.

Conclusion

This study revealed an important role of emergency SBE in the diagnosis of bleeding etiology in active overt OGIB.
Presence of calreticulin mutations in JAK2-negative polycythemia vera
Authors: Broséus Julien , Park Ji-Hye , Carillo Serge , Hermouet Sylvie , Girodon François
Published: October 2014

Key Points

Major CALR-mutated clones may be observed in polycythemia vera negative for JAK2 mutations.
Compressive sensing imaging for general synthetic aperture radar echo model based on Maxwell’s equations
Authors: Sun Bing , Cao Yufeng , Chen Jie , Li Chunsheng , Qiao Zhijun
Published: October 2014

A general echo model is derived for the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with high resolution based on the scalar form of Maxwell’s equations. After analyzing the relationship between the general echo model in frequency domain and the existing model in time domain, a compressive sensing (CS) matrix is constructed from random partial Fourier matrices for processing the range CS SAR imaging. Simulations validate the orthogonality of the proposed CS matrix and the feasibility of CS SAR imaging based on the general echo model.
Combined modeling and smooth inversion of gravity data from a faulted basement relief
Authors: Lima Williams A. , Silva João B. C.
Published: October 2014

We have combined modeling and gravity inversion to estimate an overall smooth but locally discontinuous basement relief of a sedimentary basin. Through an initial global smoothness solution, the method indicates fault positions that may be accepted or modified. Then, the interpreter specifies the fault dip and a tentative fault slip, so the fault plane is fixed on the estimated relief. The segments of the current interpreted relief that are not accepted faults are estimated through smoothness inversion, and the response of the current estimated relief is computed. The slip of the fault being incorporated in the estimated relief is then modified interactively until the solution presents no side lobes about the fault extremes. The process is repeated for all faults. The iteration stops when the tentative solution becomes compatible with the geologic knowledge of the area and produces an acceptable data fit. The method was applied to data produced by a simulated graben defined by step faults dipping 60º and by inclined and arcuate terraces. The solution virtually coincided with the true source. The method’s ability in testing geologic hypotheses was demonstrated in gravity profiles across the Büyük Menderes Valley in west Turkey and the San Jacinto graben in southern California.
Moment and moment magnitude of seismic events located by stacking
Authors: Cieplicki Robert , Eisner Leo , Mueller Mike
Published: October 2014

Determination of moment and moment magnitude for seismic events located by stacking has been an unsolved problem because current methodologies cannot be applied. To solve this problem, we have developed a methodology for moment magnitude [Formula: see text] estimation of (micro) seismic events. Our method was designed for stacking waveforms. We found that magnitude can be determined from the stack of amplitudes corrected for radiation pattern and propagation effects such as geometric spreading, attenuation, and free-surface boundary. From the stack of corrected waveforms, we found the low-frequency limit corresponding to the stack of particle displacement and calculated seismic moment. We found that an unstacked method of estimating moment magnitude on each trace and averaging these estimates was consistent with the method we developed although it was limited to higher magnitude events and more sensitive to noise. We benchmarked our methodology with a case study and found improvement in [Formula: see text] estimation resulting in determination of magnitude for weaker events when unstacked methodology cannot be used.
Implications of Prenatal Steroid Perturbations for Neurodevelopment, Behavior, and Autism
Authors: Gore Andrea C. , Martien Katherine M. , Gagnidze Khatuna , Pfaff Donald
Published: October 2014

The prenatal brain develops under the influence of an ever-changing hormonal milieu that includes endogenous fetal gonadal and adrenal hormones, placental and maternal hormones, and exogenous substances with hormonal activity that can cross the placental barrier. This review discusses the influences of endogenous fetal and maternal hormones on normal brain development and potential consequences of pathophysiological hormonal perturbations to the developing brain, with particular reference to autism. We also consider the effects of hormonal pharmaceuticals used for assisted reproduction, the maintenance of pregnancy, the prevention of congenital adrenal hypertrophy, and hormonal contraceptives continued into an unanticipated pregnancy, among others. These treatments, although in some instances life-saving, may have unintended consequences on the developing fetuses. Additional concern is raised by fetal exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals encountered universally by pregnant women from food/water containers, contaminated food, household chemicals, and other sources. What are the potential outcomes of prenatal steroid perturbations on neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders, including autism-spectrum disorders? Our purposes here are 1) to summarize some consequences of steroid exposures during pregnancy for the development of brain and behavior in the offspring; 2) to summarize what is known about the relationships between exposures and behavior, including autism spectrum disorders; 3) to discuss the molecular underpinnings of such effects, especially molecular epigenetic mechanisms of prenatal steroid manipulations, a field that may explain effects of direct exposures, and even transgenerational effects; and 4) for all of these, to add cautionary notes about their interpretation in the name of scientific rigor.
A New Moldmade Bowl from Athens
Authors: Rotroff Susan I.
Published: October 2014

A recently found Hellenistic moldmade bowl from the Athenian Agora displays a number of unusual features, but is most likely an Athenian product of the Workshop of Bion, a potter who produced moldmade bowls from the last quarter of the 3rd century until at least 175 BC. One of its stamps, a bull’s head, is closely paralleled on bowls made in Argos, and adds to previous evidence for a close relationship between the two producers.