bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional traits and environment jointly determine the spatial scaling of population stability in North American birds
Authors: Hong Pubin , Li Zhouyuan , Yang Qi , Deng Wanlu , Xu Yanjie , Tobias Joseph A. , Wang Shaopeng
Published: January 2023

Understanding the spatial scaling of population stability is critical for informing conservation strategies. A recently proposed metric for quantifying how population stability varies across scales is the invariability–area relationship (IAR), but the underlying drivers shaping IARs remain unclear. Using 15‐year records of 249 bird species in 1035 survey transects in North America, we derived the IAR for each species by calculating population temporal invariability at different spatial scales (i.e., number of routes) and investigated how species IARs were influenced by functional traits and environmental factors. We found that species with faster life history traits and reduced flight efficiency had higher IAR intercepts (i.e., locally more stable), whereas migratory species exhibited higher IAR slopes (i.e., a faster gain of stability with increasing spatial scale). In addition, spatial correlation in temperature and vegetation structure synchronized bird population dynamics over space and thus decreased IAR slopes. By demonstrating the joint influence of functional traits and environmental factors on bird population stability across scales, our results highlight the need for dynamic conservation strategies tailored to particular types of species in an era of global environmental changes.
The key role of volatile‐rich magma in the formation of porphyry molybdenum deposits: A case study of the Chalukou deposit, China
Authors: Liu Lijun , Wang Changming , Zhu Jiaxuan , Chen Qi , Qian Jinlong , Du Baofeng
Published: January 2023

Volatile element abundance is a crucial factor triggering mineralization and controlling the enrichment of molybdenum in porphyry deposits. The Chalukou deposit is the largest porphyry Mo deposit in NE China, with an average grade of 0.087% Mo. In this contribution, we present petrology, bulk geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology and Lu–Hf isotopes, and apatite geochemistry for the Chalukou deposit. The intrusive rocks include pre‐mineralization monzogranite, syn‐mineralization quartz porphyry, fine‐grained porphyry and granite porphyry, and post‐mineralization monzogranite and feldspar porphyry. These granitoids are metaluminous to peraluminous, and belong to alkali‐calcic to calc‐alkalic series. Zircon εHf(t) values of granitoids range from +0.2 to +5.7 with corresponding Hf crustal model ages of 805–1170 Ma, indicating a Mesoproterozoic juvenile crustal source modified by mantle‐derived magma. They are characterized by logf(O2) of −16.1 to −9.4, with an average of −12.5, ΔFMQ of +0.8 to +7.9, with an average of +4.5, showing a relatively high oxidation state for the syn‐mineralization magma. The apatites in quartz porphyry have the highest F contents, ranging from 3.61 to 4.62 wt%. At Chalukou, F‐rich magma is conducive to the convection of magma and promotes the efficient separation of differentiation magma, making the magmatic‐hydrothermal fluid circulate many times, eventually resulting in the accumulation of ore‐forming materials on the top of the magma chamber and gradually aggravating mineral enrichment processes.
Sydnone‐Cyanines as Clickable Probes for Fluorescent Labelling
Authors: Anh Nguyen Kim , Lesur Emilie , Ribéraud Maxime , Sallustrau Antoine , Audisio Davide , Taran Frédéric
Published: January 2023

The synthesis of four clickable sydnone‐heptamethine cyanine derivatives is described in this article. The synthetic route is based on a palladium‐cross coupling reactions of sydnone boronates affording the desired sydnone‐cyanine conjugates in only five steps. These compounds were shown to react smoothly with cyclooctynes to form the corresponding pyrazoles clicked products quantitatively at room temperature and with rate constants up to 18 m−1 ⋅ s−1, affording interesting new tools for biorthogonal fluorescent labelling of (bio)molecules. Fluorescence properties of both sydnone‐ and pyrazole‐cyanines are described, as well.
Advancing exposure assessment approaches to improve wildlife risk assessment
Authors: Morrissey Christy , Fritsch Clémentine , Fremlin Katharine , Adams William , Borgå Katrine , Brinkmann Markus , Eulaers Igor , Gobas Frank , Moore Dwayne R. J. , van den Brink Nico , Wickwire Ted
Published: January 2023

The exposure assessment component of a Wildlife Ecological Risk Assessment aims to estimate the magnitude, frequency, and duration of exposure to a chemical or environmental contaminant, along with characteristics of the exposed population. This can be challenging in wildlife as there is often high uncertainty and error caused by broad-based, interspecific extrapolation and assumptions often because of a lack of data. Both the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have broadly directed exposure assessments to include estimates of the quantity (dose or concentration), frequency, and duration of exposure to a contaminant of interest while considering “all relevant factors.” This ambiguity in the inclusion or exclusion of specific factors (e.g., individual and species-specific biology, diet, or proportion time in treated or contaminated area) can significantly influence the overall risk characterization. In this review, we identify four discrete categories of complexity that should be considered in an exposure assessment—chemical, environmental, organismal, and ecological. These may require more data, but a degree of inclusion at all stages of the risk assessment is critical to moving beyond screening-level methods that have a high degree of uncertainty and suffer from conservatism and a lack of realism. We demonstrate that there are many existing and emerging scientific tools and cross-cutting solutions for tackling exposure complexity. To foster greater application of these methods in wildlife exposure assessments, we present a new framework for risk assessors to construct an “exposure matrix.” Using three case studies, we illustrate how the matrix can better inform, integrate, and more transparently communicate the important elements of complexity and realism in exposure assessments for wildlife. Modernizing wildlife exposure assessments is long overdue and will require improved collaboration, data sharing, application of standardized exposure scenarios, better communication of assumptions and uncertainty, and postregulatory tracking. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:674–698. © 2023 SETAC
Distribution of hydrophobic organic contaminants in marine sediment fines—An alternative normalization strategy?
Authors: Logemann Anna E. , Röhrs Steffen , Brockmeyer Berit
Published: January 2023

The necessary normalization of contaminant concentrations, in order to be able to compare contaminant content in sediments with different sediment properties, is currently not standardized within environmental monitoring and assessment programs. Therefore, this study investigates an alternative normalization strategy for hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) by removing the coarse and chemically inert sediment fraction using an improved, half-automated wet-sieving method. We compare the results to commonly used TOC normalization (2.5% total organic carbon [TOC], OSPAR). Simultaneously, the study provides a comprehensive overview of HOC concentrations in sediment fines (<63 µm) for the German Exclusive Economic Zone and therefore gathers information about the more bioavailable and mobile part of the sediment that particularly accumulates HOCs due to its high surface area. We analyzed bulk sediment samples and their corresponding fine grain fractions from 25 stations in the German Exclusive Economic Zone for 41 HOCs including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides. The results indicate that the wet-sieving procedure is capable of physically normalizing the concentrations of the investigated HOCs and is useful for the comparison of concentrations in different sediment types. The wet-sieving procedure is more time consuming than the normalization to the TOC content. However, it offers the possibility of lowering the detection limits (LODs) through the analytical sample preparation procedure used, as sieving concentrates the contaminants. Therefore, a higher number of results >LOD were detected in sediment fines, leading to more informative data sets. In contrast to the commonly used normalization to 2.5% TOC, the statistical analyses carried out (principal component analysis with subsequent cluster analysis) additionally indicate that physical normalization allows better differentiation of sampling sites by contaminant sources and geographic location rather than their sediment characteristics. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1348–1360. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Is the long‐acting gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist long protocol better for patients with endometriosis undergoing IVF?
Authors: Wang Xiuzhu , Li Wenshu , Chen Xuemei , Zhang Wei , Chu Min , Yin Shuyuan , Chu Yongli , Liu Xuemei
Published: January 2023

Objective

To investigate the effect of the long‐acting gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) long protocol on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes of patients with endometriosis (EMs).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was carried out from July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2021. In all, 798 patients with EMs who underwent first IVF were enrolled. The patients were classified by the ovarian stimulation protocols. The clinical outcomes of IVF were compared in each group.

Results

Those EMs patients who received the long‐acting GnRHa long protocol had significantly higher clinical pregnancy rate (72.00%, 60.70% and 50.90%, respectively; P = 0.047 and 0.010) and implantation rate (51.0%, 44.6%, and 38.7%, respectively; P = 0.006 and <0.001) compared with the short‐acting GnRHa long protocol and the GnRH antagonist protocol. Live birth rate was also significantly higher than the GnRH antagonist protocol (60.10% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.032), but not statistically different from the short‐acting GnRHa (60.10% vs. 53.80%, P = 0.443). In addition, they also had significantly higher duration of stimulation, total dose of gonadotropin, and number of high‐quality embryos transferred compared with other groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The long‐acting GnRHa long protocol could improve IVF outcomes of patients with EMs compared with the short‐acting GnRHa long protocol and the GnRH antagonist protocol.
Inpatient pharmacy‐driven antithrombosis stewardship efforts on warfarin to direct oral anticoagulant conversions
Authors: White Raechel T. , Bos Alexander J. , Nawarskas James J. , Rodriguez Chelsea N. , Goldberg Elle , Robinson Elisa , Hernandez Brandy , Marquez Jessica , Togami John , Burnett Allison
Published: January 2023

Background

Over 6 million people in the United States require anticoagulation. Current guidelines recommend direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) over warfarin for select indications due to increased safety and similar efficacy. However, data suggest warfarin to DOAC conversion occurs in less than 5% of patients.

Objectives

To assess rates of conversion from warfarin to DOACs and the rate of inpatient pharmacist assessment for warfarin to DOAC conversions using an evidence‐based DOAC checklist.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, all patients ≥18 years old admitted on warfarin from January 1, 2018 to February 28, 2020 were identified via query of the electronic health record (EHR). Patients were excluded if discharged to hospice or if anticoagulation was permanently discontinued. In January 2019, an evidence‐based checklist was developed by the inpatient antithrombosis stewardship team and embedded into an EHR‐based standardized clinical documentation form prompting pharmacist assessment for DOAC therapy. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were utilized to compare pre‐ and post‐implementation rates of pharmacist‐driven evaluation for warfarin to DOAC switch along with actual conversion rates. Additional outcomes were documented reasons for not switching and proportion of newly‐switched patients referred to our antithrombosis clinic.

Results

Ultimately, 538 inpatient encounters were included (237 pre‐implementation of the DOAC eligibility checklist; 301 post‐implementation). Warfarin to DOAC conversions increased from a mean of 1.08 patients/month pre‐implementation of the DOAC eligibility checklist to 3.62 patients/month post‐implementation (p < 0.0001). Likewise, pharmacist evaluation for switch increased significantly from a mean of 2.00 patients/month pre‐implementation of the DOAC eligibility checklist to 17.69 patients/month post‐implementation (p < 0.0001). In addition, referrals to the anticoagulation clinic significantly increased from a mean of 1.08–4.08 patients/month (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Use of an evidence‐based checklist embedded into the inpatient EHR increased warfarin to DOAC conversions and supported overall antithrombosis stewardship efforts. Conversion rates remained fairly low. Further opportunity exists to optimize patient safety and health systems savings with ongoing stewardship efforts.
Enzyme‐Cleaved Bone Marrow Transplantation Improves the Engraftment of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Kawai Hotaka , Oo May Wathone , Takabatake Kiyofumi , Tosa Ikue , Soe Yamin , Eain Htoo Shwe , Sanou Sho , Fushimi Shigeko , Sukegawa Shintaro , Nakano Keisuke , Takeshi Takarada , Nagatsuka Hitoshi
Published: January 2023

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is a promising approach to curing bone diseases and disorders. In treating genetic bone disorders, MSC therapy is local or systemic transplantation of isolated and in vitro proliferated MSC rather than bone marrow transplantation. Recent evidence showed that bone marrow MSC engraftment to bone regeneration has been controversial in animal and human studies. Here, our modified bone marrow transplantation (BMT) method solved this problem. Like routine BMT, our modified method involves three steps: (i) isolation of bone marrow cells from the donor, (ii) whole‐body lethal irradiation to the recipient, and (iii) injection of isolated bone marrow cells into irradiated recipient mice via the tail vein. The significant modification is imported at the bone marrow isolation step. While the bone marrow cells are flushed out from the bone marrow with the medium in routine BMT, we applied the enzymes’ (collagenase type 4 and dispase) integrated medium to wash out the bone marrow cells. Then, cells were incubated in enzyme integrated solution at 37°C for 10 minutes. This modification designated BMT as collagenase‐integrated BMT (c‐BMT). Notably, successful engraftment of bone marrow MSC to the new bone formation, such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes, occurs in c‐BMT mice, whereas routine BMT mice do not recruit bone marrow MSC. Indeed, flow cytometry data showed that c‐BMT includes a higher proportion of LepR+, CD51+, or RUNX2+ non‐hematopoietic cells than BMT. These findings suggested that c‐BMT is a time‐efficient and more reliable technique that ensures the disaggregation and collection of bone marrow stem cells and engraftment of bone marrow MSC to the recipient. Hence, we proposed that c‐BMT might be a promising approach to curing genetic bone disorders. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Dieckol, a natural polyphenolic drug, inhibits the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K, AKT, and mTOR phosphorylation
Authors: Dai Wei , Dai Yong gang , Ren Dong feng , Zhu Da wei
Published: January 2023

This study investigated that dieckol (DKL), a natural drug, inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation in HCT‐116 cells. The cells were treated with DKL in various concentrations (32 and 50 μM) for 24 h and then analyzed for various experiments. MTT (tetrazolium bromide) and crystal violet assay investigated DKL‐mediated cytotoxicity. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining was used to assess the reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and apoptotic changes were studied by dual acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining. Protein expression of cell survival, cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis protein was evaluated by western blot analysis. Results indicated that DKL produces significant cytotoxicity in HCT‐116, and the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration was found to be 32 μM for 24‐h incubation. Moreover, effective production of ROS and enhanced apoptotic signs were observed upon DKL treatment in HCT‐116. DKL induces the expression of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, and mToR‐associated enhanced expression of cyclin‐D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)‐4, CDK‐6, and Bcl‐2 in HCT‐116. In addition, proapoptotic proteins such as Bax, caspase‐9, and caspase‐3 were significantly enhanced by DKL treatment in HCT‐116. Hence, DKL has been considered a chemotherapeutic drug by impeding the expression of PI3K‐, AKT‐, and mTOR‐mediated inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle‐regulating proteins.
Novel fluorescent probe based on dicoumarin for detection of hydrogen sulfide in real samples
Authors: Hong Tong , Cheng Song , Zhong Xuefang , Zuo Yiwei , Dong Yiming , Shi Zhichuan , Zhao Zhigang
Published: January 2023

A novel dicoumarin‐derived hydrogen sulfide (H2S) selective fluorescent “turn‐on” probe 3‐(2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonate)‐dicoumarin (DC‐HS) created by covalent bonding between the 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNBS) and the 3‐hydroxy‐dicoumarin (DC‐OH) units. Upon the addition of H2S, the probe DC‐HS solution's fluorescence significantly increased, and its appearance is changed from practically colorless to brilliant yellow. Probe DC‐HS also showed significant fluorescence amplification that was quantitatively detectable in the concentration range of 0–1.5 μM and had a low detection limit or limit of detection of 0.2 nM. Moreover, with a high recovery rate and excellent accuracy, the developed fluorescent molecule was used successfully for the analysis of H2S in red wine samples.
CuFe2O4 nanomaterials: Current discoveries in synthesis, catalytic efficiency in coupling reactions, and their environmental applications
Authors: Sharma Shaily , Jakhar Prakash , Sharma Himanshu
Published: January 2023

In the last few decades, there has been enormous growth in ferrite nanoparticles. Magnetic, optical, and electrical properties of ferrites gain consideration due to their use in various applications such as rechargeable lithium batteries, medical diagnostics, solar energy devices, and so forth. A vast increase in interest in ferrite nanoparticles has led them to be used as catalysts in various applications as they possess a large surface area‐to‐volume ratio. Furthermore, iron‐based magnetic characteristics make it simple to retrieve catalysts by using an external magnet. Iron's catalytic potential, however, is far less than copper's. Therefore, the catalytic scope is substantially increased by substituting copper within the crystal lattice. Recently copper ferrite nanoparticles have caught the interest of numerous researchers due to low‐cost magnetic material, stability under diverse conditions, and ease at which catalyst can be retrieved using an external magnetic field and utilized repeatedly. This review of data from year 2010 through 2022 emphasizes the synthesis method, structure, application in dyes degradation, catalytic potential in the number of coupling reactions, recyclability, and reusability of the magnetic catalyst.
Neuropathic pain, cognitive fusion, and alexithymia in patients with multiple sclerosis: Cross‐sectional evidence for an explanatory model of anxiety symptoms
Authors: Carvalho Teresa , Gomes Carolina , Rodrigues Adriana , da Motta Carolina
Published: January 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) presents a high prevalence, a marked increase worldwide, and a relevant impact on patients, public health, and society. Anxiety often cooccurs with MS and can contribute to the worsening of MS symptoms. However, knowledge about predictors of anxiety in Patients with MS (PwMS) is scarce.

Objective

This preliminary study explored a novel model for anxiety symptoms in PwMS, including neuropathic pain (NeP), cognitive fusion (CF), experiential avoidance (EA), and alexithymia as explanatory factors.

Method

This cross‐sectional study integrated two independent convenience samples: 107 PwMS recruited from the Portuguese Society for Multiple Sclerosis and 97 age‐ and gender‐matched participants without the MS diagnosis (no‐MS sample) recruited from the Portuguese general population. Self‐report questionnaires that measured the constructs included in the model were administered to both groups.

Results

PwMS showed significantly higher values regarding anxiety symptoms and their explanatory variables (NeP, CF, EA, alexithymia) in comparison to non‐MS participants. In the MS sample, no correlations were found between anxiety symptoms and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. NeP, CF, and alexithymia showed significant correlations with anxiety symptoms and significantly explained this symptomatology in simple linear regression models. Thus, these variables were retained in the multiple linear regression model and emerged as significant regressors that together explained 38% of the variance in anxious symptomatology in PwMS.

Conclusions

This preliminary study provides novel evidence on NeP and some maladaptive emotion regulation strategies related to EA/psychological inflexibility, as vulnerability to anxiety in PwMS can be considerably increased by CF and alexithymia. Clinical implications were discussed.
Rational design of a novel halotolerant ATP regeneration system for biocatalytic CTP production
Authors: Zhang Jie , Sun Chenlei , Wen Qingshi , Miao Rongxin , Zhang Bingyun , Yan Ziyi , Ying Hanjie , Liu Dong , Wang Junzhi
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Acetyl phosphate/acetate kinase system is a cost‐saving and efficient ATP regeneration system. However, it suffers from accumulation of salts during catalytic reactions. It inhibits the activity of acetate kinase (ACK), a crucial enzyme of this process, and hence decreases the rate of product accumulation and yield of CTP.

RESULTS

A new halotolerant ACK enzyme based ATP regeneration platform was established in this research by applying the concept of rational design to optimize its building blocks. Selection of residues for rational design followed several rules. First, the less conserved residue positions on the protein surface were considered. Second, avoiding significant residue interactions, suchas salt bridges. Third, following the feature of nature occurring halotolerant enzymes, the basic and neutral surface residues were replaced with acidic ones. Our mutants represent high catalytic activities and high IC50 value (inhibit activity by 50%) at high salt concentrations. Also, when the halotolerant ACK was applied to catalyze CTP production, the maximum titer was 213.5 ± 1.6 mM (which is 12.3‐fold higher than that of the traditional process), the productivity was 13.3 ± 0.1 mM L−1 h−1, and the molar yield to 5′‐cytidylate monophosphate (CMP) and utilization efficiency of energy were 92.4% and 72.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

This strategy can be applied to modify other enzymes in the industry and gives insight into resolving salt accumulation during biocatalytic processes. In addition, the halotolerant Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) regeneration system built in this work can be applied to the synthesis of several other high energy compounds. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Pilot‐scale treatment cycle comprising membrane, thermal, and adsorption processes for spent metalworking fluids remediation
Authors: Di Capua Francesco , Ferraro Alberto , Lepore Lavinia , Fratino Umberto , Piccinni Alberto Ferruccio , Spasiano Danilo
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Spent metalworking fluids (SMWFs) represent a process waste characterized by low biodegradability, high toxicity, and very heterogeneous contamination typology connoted by the occurrence of numerous different pollutants. In this regard, the development of technically flexible and efficient treatment systems is fundamental to prevent sanitary and environmental risks deriving from SMWF disposal.

RESULTS

A treatment cycle including ultrafiltration (UF), evaporation, reverse osmosis (RO), and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption was tested at pilot scale for the remediation of three real SMWFs. A total of 44 parameters (physical, chemical, and ecotoxicological), identifying the SMWF characteristics and contamination, were analyzed after each treatment unit. The treatment cycle performance was investigated with and without the UF phase. In the complete cycle, UF was effective for the decrease of (average values) total suspended solids (96%), total hydrocarbons (>99%), animal fats and oils (>99%), and ecotoxicity (85%). In the same cycle, the evaporation significantly reduced the organic content (91% on average), and RO followed by GAC adsorption further provided effluents suitable for reuse in industrial applications. For the cycle without UF, parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and ecotoxicity showed values still significant (on average equal to 5550 mg L−1, 1933 mg L−1, and 95%, respectively) after evaporation. However, RO and GAC adsorption units allowed the achievement of effluents suitable for discharge in sewer systems.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the results, this work provides treatment strategies displaying high SMWF remediation efficiency and wide adaptability over various requirements for the achievement of specific effluent quality standards. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A real‐world study to assess the association of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) with ibrutinib as first‐line (1L) treatment for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in the United States
Authors: Mato Anthony , Tang Boxiong , Azmi Soraya , Yang Keri , Han Yi , Zhang Xiaowei , Roeker Lindsey , Wallis Nicola , Stern Jennifer C. , Hedrick Eric , Huang Jane , Sharman Jeff P.
Published: January 2023

Ibrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is often used as first‐line (1L) treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL); however, it is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs). This real‐world study adds to existing literature by simultaneously investigating the correlation between pre‐existing CV risk factors and the relative cardiotoxicity of ibrutinib vs other therapies in CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Using a real‐world database, the risk of subsequent CVAEs (any CVAE, atrial fibrillation [AF], or hypertension) were compared among patients who received 1L ibrutinib monotherapy or another type of non‐ibrutinib therapy, grouped as intensive (IT) or non‐intensive therapy (NIT). Each patient's baseline CV risk was estimated using the Framingham risk score. Inverse probability treatment weighting was incorporated into a logistic regression model to reduce baseline imbalance. Results showed ibrutinib was significantly associated with higher risk of CVAEs regardless of baseline CV risk. Compared with IT, odds ratios of any CVAE, hypertension, or AF were 2.61, 3.66, and 3.02, respectively vs 1.88, 2.13, and 2.46, respectively, with NIT. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the findings were robust. These results suggest clinical caution should be taken when selecting ibrutinib for patients with CLL/SLL, especially in those with high baseline CV risk.
Organization of the body wall in lampreys informs the evolution of the vertebrate paired appendages
Authors: Onai Takayuki
Published: January 2023

Vertebrate paired appendages are one of the most important evolutionary novelties in vertebrates. During embryogenesis, the skeletal elements of paired appendages differentiate from the somatic mesoderm, which is a layer of lateral plate mesoderm. However, the presence of the somatic mesoderm in the common ancestor of vertebrates has been controversial. To address this problem, it is necessary but insufficient to understand the developmental process of lateral plate mesoderm formation in lamprey (jawless vertebrates) embryos. Here, I show the presence of the somatic mesoderm in lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum) embryos using plastic sectioning and transmission electron microscopy analysis. During the early pharyngeal stages, the somatic mesoderm transforms from the lateral plate mesoderm in the trunk region. Soon after, when the cardiac structures were morphologically distinct, the somatic mesoderm was recognized through the cardiac to more caudal regions. These findings indicated that the somatic mesoderm evolved before the emergence of paired appendages. I also discuss the developmental changes in the body wall organization in the common ancestor of vertebrates, which is likely related to the evolution of the paired appendages.
An Integrated Algorithm for Differentiating Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy From Hypertensive Heart Disease
Authors: Kong Ling‐cong , Wu Lian‐ming , Wang Zi , Liu Chang , He Ben
Published: January 2023

Background

Differentiating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is challenging.

Purpose

To identify differences between HCM and HHD on a patient basis using MRI.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 219 subjects, 148 in phase I (baseline data and algorithm development: 75 HCM, 33 HHD, and 40 controls) and 71 in phase II (algorithm validation: 56 HCM and 15 HHD).

Field Strength/Sequence

Contrast‐enhanced inversion‐prepared gradient echo and cine‐balanced steady‐state free precession sequences at 3.0 T.

Assessment

MRI parameters assessed included left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), LV end systolic and end diastolic volumes (LVESV and LVEDV), mean maximum LV wall thickness (MLVWT), LV global longitudinal and circumferential strain (GRS, GLS, and GCS), and native T1. Parameters, which were significantly different between HCM and HHD in univariable analysis, were entered into a principal component analysis (PCA). The selected components were then introduced into a multivariable regression analysis to model an integrated algorithm (IntA) for screening the two disorders. IntA performance was assessed for patients with and without LGE in phase I (development) and phase II (validation).

Statistical Tests

Univariable regression, PCA, receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Derived IntA formulation included LVEF, LVESV, LVEDV, MLVWT, and GCS. In LGE‐positive subjects in phase l, the cutoff point of IntA ≥81 indicated HCM (83% sensitivity and 91% specificity), with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.900. In LGE‐negative subjects, a higher possibility of HCM was indicated by a cutoff point of IntA ≥84 (100% sensitivity and 82% specificity), with an AUC of 0.947. Validation of IntA in phase II resulted in an AUC of 0.846 in LGE‐negative subjects and 0.857 in LGE‐positive subjects.

Data Conclusion

A per‐patient‐based IntA algorithm for differentiating HCM and HHD was generated from MRI data and incorporated FT, LGE and morphologic parameters.

Evidence Level

3.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2.
Nano‐scale design of full adder and full subtractor using reversible logic based decoder circuit in quantum‐dot cellular automata
Authors: Das Jadav Chandra , De Debashis
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a reversible nano‐scale decoder circuit. The decoder is designed by utilizing the new quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) format of the QCA1 gate. This QCA1 gate provides 34.25% less cell count with 54.37% less area than the best existing designs. Thus, the proposed QCA1 gate provides less area considering the best existing state‐of‐the‐art plans. The IBMQ‐based quantum realization of the QCA1 gate is also illustrated. The reversible full adder and subtractor circuits by employing the proposed decoder are likewise explored in this paper. A four‐input reversible OR‐gate is structured and concatenates with a decoder circuit to frame the circuit for full adder and subtractor. The energy dissipation by these QCA circuits is assessed to build up that QCA is an attractive option to CMOS for realizing reversible logic designs. The implemented results are compared with the truth table to ensure operational accuracy. The planned circuits can be utilized to structure reversible designs for nano‐communication.
Impact of the interannual variability of the South China Sea monsoon trough on tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Jian Maoqiu , Gao Si
Published: January 2023

The present study reveals the impact of the interannual variability of the South China Sea monsoon trough (SCSMT) on tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the South China Sea (SCS) and the western North Pacific (WNP) from June to August during the period of 1958–2019. The SCSMT can influence TC genesis and occurrence through affecting the large‐scale environmental conditions and barotropic energy conversion. The intensification of the SCSMT can lead to enhanced low‐level vorticity and upper‐level divergence, decreased vertical wind shear, and increased midlevel humidity over the northern SCS and subtropical WNP. The strengthening of the SCSMT is accompanied by an intensification and eastward extension of the WNP monsoon trough and eastward retreat of the WNP subtropical high. All these changes associated with the SCSMT are favourable for TC genesis and occurrence over the north SCS and WNP. More TCs form over the WNP around 20° N, while higher TC occurrence frequency appears over the north SCS and WNP north of 20° N. Diagnostic results of eddy kinetic energy distribution and barotropic energy conversion provide a possible explanation for the impact of the SCSMT on TC activity. The synoptic‐scale disturbances are more active in the WNP region north of 20° N which might lead to an increase in TC occurrence frequency. While the barotropic energy conversion is intensified in the northern SCS and east of Philippines, more eddy energy converted from the mean flow is favourable for TC genesis. The meridional shear of mean zonal wind and the meridional convergence of mean meridional wind, which are related with the interannual variability of the SCSMT, primarily contribute to the barotropic energy conversion.
Relationship between circulating senescence‐associated secretory phenotype levels and severity of type 2 diabetes‐associated periodontitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Song Xiuxiu , Yue Ziqi , Fan Linli , Zou Haonan , Zhao Pengfei , Nie Lulingxiao , Zhu Kangjian , Jiang Jingjing , Lv Qingguo , Wang Qi
Published: January 2023

Background

Senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has recently been found to drive comorbid diabetes and periodontitis by inducing a chronic, low‐degree inflammatory state. Here, we sought to explore the relationship between circulating SASP and the severity of type 2 diabetes‐associated periodontitis (DP).

Methods

Eighty patients (middle‐aged periodontitis, M‐P group; aged periodontitis, A‐P group; M‐DP group; and A‐DP group; n = 20) provided gingival epithelium, serum, and periodontal clinical parameters. Circulating levels of 12 DP‐related SASP factors were analyzed by immunoassay. Correlation between periodontal clinical parameters and circulating SASP levels was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and back propagation artificial neural network (BPNN). Senescence markers (p16, p21, and HMGB1) in gingiva were determined by immunofluorescence assay.

Results

M‐DP group had increased serum levels of twelve SASP factors compared with the M‐P group (p < 0.5). Serum levels of IL‐6, IL‐4, and RAGE were higher in the A‐DP group than the A‐P group (p < 0.5). The circulating concentrations of certain SASP proteins, including IL‐1β, IL‐4, MMP‐8, OPG, RANKL, and RAGE were correlated with the clinical parameters of DP. BPNN showed that serum SASP levels had considerable predictive value for CAL of DP. Additionally, the DP group had higher expressions of p16, p21, and cytoplasmic‐HMGB1 in the gingiva than the P group (p < 0.5).

Conclusions

Significantly enhanced circulating SASP levels and aggravated periodontal destruction were observed in patients with DP. Importantly, a non‐negligible association between serum SASP levels and the severity of DP was found.
Deglaciation and postglacial evolution of the Cère Valley (Cantal, French Massif Central) based on geomorphological mapping, 36Cl surface exposure dating and glacier modelling
Authors: Ancrenaz Arthur , Pochat Stéphane , Rinterknecht Vincent , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Laura , Defive Emmanuelle , Poiraud Alexandre , Jomelli Vincent , Schimmelpfennig Irene , Team Aster
Published: January 2023

The landform assemblage in the Cère Valley (Cantal, France) provides one of the most complete sequences for Late Pleistocene glacial fluctuations in the French Massif Central. However, the associated glacial chronology has been debated since the 1980s. This paper aims to improve the glacial chronology of the Cère Valley using 36Cl surface exposure ages. Geomorphological results define two glacier stadials with reconstructed equilibrium line altitudes of 1078 ± 43 and 1152 ± 34 m above sea level. These results are comparable to those obtained in the Alps or the Pyrenees during the Last Glacial Maximum (26–19.5 ka). However, 36Cl surface exposure ages are centred around the Younger Dryas (YD), between 13 and 11 ka (n = 4). We suggest that these 36Cl ages are not related to a standstill during the YD but rather to the effects of the postglacial evolution of the Cère Valley. We investigate two geomorphological end‐member scenarios to explain the postponed exposure of sampled boulders: the Aurillac Lake scenario and the later fluvial incision scenario. While the nature of the geomorphological events leading to the boulder exhumation is not fully resolved, we highlight a long phase of postglacial evolution in the Cère Valley.
Application of magnetic nanoparticles as demulsifiers for surfactant‐enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Zhang Leilei , Bai Chutian , Zhang Zhuqing , Wang Xinglin , Nguyen Thao Vy , Vavra Eric , Puerto Maura , Hirasaki George J. , Biswal Sibani Lisa
Published: January 2023

Nonionic surfactants are increasingly being applied in oil recovery processes due to their stability and low adsorption onto mineral surfaces. However, these surfactants lead to the production of emulsified oil that is extremely stable and difficult to separate by conventional methods. This research characterizes the stability of crude oil mixed with a nonionic surfactant, L24–22, in a brine solution. When subjected to gravity separation, a middle oil‐rich and bottom water‐rich emulsion are generated for various water–oil ratios. Thermal treatments can effectively break oil‐rich emulsions, but the bottom water layer remains contaminated with micron‐sized crude oil droplets. A magnetic nanoparticle treatment is shown to demulsify the crude oil emulsions, dropping the total organic carbon (TOC) in the water layer from 1470 to 30 ppm.
Determining functional outcomes after resection and reconstruction of primary soft tissue sarcoma in the lower extremity: A review of current subjective and objective measurement systems
Authors: Wiffen James , Mah Eldon
Published: January 2023

The surgical management of soft‐tissue sarcoma has evolved significantly over the last two decades due to the routine use of adjunct therapies, with an increased focus on postoperative functional outcome. The literature suffers from methodological inconsistency and use of low quality outcome measures to assess an already heterogeneous population. This article aims to review the most frequently used subjective and objective methods of functional outcome assessment and highlight the current benefits and limitations of these.
Mediators of physical activity outcomes in a peer‐led intervention for breast cancer survivors
Authors: Pinto Bernardine M. , Dunsiger Shira I. , DeScenza Victoria R. , Stein Kevin
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Physical activity (PA) adoption can reduce treatment‐related sequelae of breast cancer. Peer‐led PA interventions are a promising and relatively inexpensive approach to scaling up interventions. The current study seeks to identify mediators of PA change amongst cancer survivors enrolled in a peer‐led behavior change intervention. The study team partnered with the American Cancer Society's Reach to Recovery program (RTR) whose volunteers' provided information and support to breast cancer survivors.

Methods

Participants were 76 survivors (mean age 55.6 years, 1.1 years since diagnosis) who were randomized to PA Plus RTR (12‐week PA telephone counseling delivered by RTR volunteers) or contact control. Data was collected on PA (self‐reported and objectively measured) and potential mediators (self‐efficacy, exercise decisional balance [ratio of the pros/advantages to the cons/disadvantages] and social support) at baseline and 12 weeks. Using a multiple mediation approach with bootstrapped standard errors, we examined mediators of the intervention effect on PA outcomes.

Results

Compared to control, PA Plus RTR participants had higher mean self‐efficacy, lower decisional balance cons and social support at 12 weeks controlling for baseline. Higher mean self‐efficacy was associated with greater minutes of self‐reported PA, whereas higher decisional balance pros was associated with higher objectively measured PA at 12 weeks. There were significant indirect effects of self‐efficacy on self‐reported PA and decisional balance on objectively measured PA.

Conclusions

PA Plus RTR increased self‐reported and objectively measured PA by changing theoretical constructs hypothesized to be associated with behavior change. Peers delivering a PA intervention should focus on increasing survivors' self‐efficacy for exercise especially in challenging circumstances such as being on vacation, and also help to overcome disadvantages of exercise such as taking time away from family.
Clinical change 2 years from start of elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor in severe cystic fibrosis
Authors: McCoy Karen S. , Blind Jill , Johnson Terri , Olson Patti , Raterman Laura , Bai Shasha , Eisner Mariah , Sheikh Shahid I. , Druhan Stephan , Young Cody , Pasley Kimberly
Published: January 2023

Rationale

Limited published research is available on the impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) beyond the initial few months postdrug initiation, especially for those who initiated therapy via individual investigational new drug application. The experiences of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experiencing severe lung disease were reviewed for significant improvements in clinical symptoms and quality of life.

Objectives

To examine clinical outcomes 2 years post‐ETI in patients with CF and advanced lung disease.

Methods

This single center institutional review board‐approved, retrospective chart review assessed clinical markers (percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s, weight, sweat chloride), quality of life and computed tomography scans in patients with advanced lung disease who met criteria for compassionate use/expanded access program due to high risk of death or transplant need within 2 years.

Results

Eighteen identified patients (ages 15−49 years) initiated drug between July and September 2019. Clinical markers indicated that therapy was well tolerated, not discontinued by any participant, and lab values did not indicate medical concern or discontinuation. Monitoring results indicated the safety of modulator therapy as there were no adverse clinical occurrences and all patients presented universal stabilization. There were no deaths and no transplants by the end of the study.

Conclusions

This study focused on patients with CF eligible for modulator therapy and were initiated due to advanced lung disease. Initiation of modulator therapy was deemed safe and resulted in objective positive changes in nutrition, cough, FEV1, subjective reports of clinical status, level of activity, and a reduction in burden of treatment.
The implications of airway anomalies on children with congenital heart disease and bronchiolitis
Authors: Wang Po‐Yuan , Tseng Wei‐Chieh , Wu En‐Ting , Lu Frank Leigh , Chen Shyh‐Jye , Chiu Shuenn‐Nan , Wu Mei‐Hwan , Wang Jou‐Kou , Wang Ching‐Chia
Published: January 2023

Background

Bronchiolitis is a common airway infection in young children. Hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (CHD) predicts a more complicated course. However, the role of airway anomalies remains unknown.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients under 2 years old, diagnosed with CHD, and admitted between January 2011 and December 2013, before the palivizumab era. Records of bronchiolitis admissions were also extracted. Patients were grouped according to CHD condition and airway anomalies.

Results

A total of 230 patients with CHD were enrolled. A total of 180 (78%) and 71 (31%) patients had hemodynamically significant CHD and airway anomalies, respectively. A total of 52 (22.6%) patients were admitted for bronchiolitis 78 times. Among them, 33 (63.5%) had hemodynamically significant CHD, and 28 (53.8%) had airway anomalies. In patients with bronchiolitis admissions, the mean ventilator use, intensive care unit stay, and hospital stay were 1.08, 4.08, and 15.19 days, respectively. When compared, the mean hospital stay for bronchiolitis patients with airway anomalies was significantly longer than that of those without airway anomalies (19.8 vs. 9.9 days, p = 0.008). When further divided the patients by the presence hemodynamic significance, patients with hemodynamically significant CHD and airway anomaly had longer hospital stay than those who had neither. (21.7 vs. 8.3 days, p = 0.004) Airway anomaly was a significant risk factor for longer hospital stay in linear regression model (p = 0.007).

Conclusions

Airway anomalies are common in children with CHD and are associated with longer hospital stays on bronchiolitis admission. An active survey for airway anomalies and adequate prophylaxis for bronchiolitis infection might be important in the care of children with CHD associated with airway anomalies.
Press, pulse, and perceptions: How does media attention signal perceptions about environmental crises?
Authors: Olivier Tomás , Bell Emily V. , García Asorey Martín I. , Rodas‐Gaiter Alejandra
Published: January 2023

At what point do environmental phenomena become crises, and how do these impact the quantity and quality of media attention? As climate patterns change, societies face crises that are slow‐moving in nature (such as sea level rise and drought) or fast‐changing (such as hurricanes or flash floods). A third type of event is those that are slow‐occurring while at the same time being punctuated by extreme, fast‐changing occurrences. The practical and theoretical consequences of these complex events are often difficult to pinpoint. We argue that it is necessary to evaluate how the features of such events affect stakeholder perceptions. We do so by analyzing water‐quality crises in Northeastern Patagonia, Argentina. Combining turbidity data collected over a decade with 10 years of newspaper articles published in response to high turbidity events, we assess the extent and sentiment of media attention to better understand the linkage between extreme natural events and how these relate to the media agenda. We find that as events increase in duration and intensity, their media coverage increases. These effects are more accentuated when the duration and intensity of an event surpass limits imposed by local infrastructure and practices.