bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo social regulation of high-risk parenting: A conceptual model of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for child maltreatment prevention
Authors: Skowron Elizabeth A. , Funderburk Beverly W.
Published: March 2021

Parents are involved in most documented cases of child physical abuse and neglect, and thus represent critical targets for intervention to prevent child maltreatment and support family preservation. Meta-analyses show that Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) significantly reduces child abuse and neglect in families where maltreatment has already occurred; however, research into the underlying mechanisms of change (i.e., how PCIT effects positive changes in parenting) remains limited. In this article, we discuss a new conceptual model of PCIT’s active ingredients that is informed by biobehavioral research documenting the physiological underpinnings of problematic parenting. We describe deficits in self-regulation observed in child maltreating parents and PCIT’s unique live coaching approach and associated techniques that may form the basis for in-vivo social regulation in the act of parenting that supports more effective, positive parenting behavior, strengthens parents’ self-regulation skills, and reduces child maltreatment.
Random Effects Won’t Solve the Problem of Generalizability
Authors: Bear Adam , Phillips Jonathan Scott
Published: March 2021

Yarkoni argues that researchers making broad inferences often use impoverished statistical models that fail to include important sources of variation as random effects. We argue, however, that for many common study designs random effects are inappropriate and insufficient to draw general inferences, as the source of variation is not random, but systematic.
Formally Representing How Psychological Processes Shape Actions and One Another Using Functional Fields
Authors: Wood Dustin
Published: March 2021

Many psychological theories understand that a person’s actions are psychologically mediated – i.e., they are caused most proximally by how the person perceives their situation. Here, I discuss how functional field models can be used to represent the perceived situation as a path model detailing the forces a person understands as connecting actions, features of the environment, and their ultimate appraisal of the situation. I illustrate how specific situational factors can be represented as affecting a person’s actions by affecting these perceived forces, and thus their understanding of the action’s expected effects. I describe how verbal descriptions of the situation, or of their reasons for action, can be formally represented within field models. Finally, I describe how field models can be used to represent arguments about how traits relate to one another, such as how a person’s level of extraversion or callousness might affect the levels of many other traits. More generally, functional field models can help to represent how people actively construct their environment, and how we can better utilize people’s verbal descriptions of their own traits or their reasons for action.
Inhibitory control and its relationship to positivity biases in older adults
Authors: McManus Caoimhe , McGovern David
Published: March 2021

Older adults tend to focus on positive information over negative information; a phenomenon commonly referred to as the ‘positivity effect’. Socioemotional Selectivity Theory posits that this effect stems from age-related shifts in goals and relies heavily on the active suppression of negative information. The current study tested the hypothesis that inhibitory control is a key determinant of positivity biases in older adults using anti-saccade and recognition memory tasks. Results indicated a significant correlation between levels of inhibitory control and the positivity effect. These findings highlight the key role played by inhibitory control in determining positivity biases amongst older adults.
“That machine from hell”; Word Processing in Sociology
Authors: van Wesel Maarten
Published: March 2021

Scholars spend much of their time processing words with the help of a computer. Yet not too long ago, scholars would have typed or even written their lectures and articles by hand, and often a secretary would have (re)typed the final version.This paper examines the transition from one set of socio-technical relationships to another, focusing on resistance to change and the closure that has led to the current ubiquity of word processors. The article draws on insights from Science and Technology Studies (STS), and on material from email and telephone interviews conducted with older and retired members of university sociology departments in the English-speaking world.
Gender Roles, Child Moves and Parental Well-being: A Panel Study on Short and Long Term Effects for Germany
Authors: Collischon Matthias , Eberl Andreas , Wolbring Tobias
Published: March 2021

This article investigates the effect of adult children leaving the parental home on parental well-being. Adult children moving out is an important event in parents’ lives. However, it is theoretically unclear whether parental well-being decreases or increases from children moving out. Children moving out can relief parents’ burdens (e.g. housework) and lead to a change in parental roles, with adverse consequences for parental well-being. This study uses long-running panel data (1991-2016) from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) to investigate the relationship between child move and parental well-being using fixed effects dummy impact functions. The findings suggest that differentiating between first and empty nest moves is important when investigating the effects of children moving out of the parental home on parental well-being, as only the first move shows a long lasting negative effect on parental well-being. Furthermore, the effects are strongest for respondents who follow traditional gender roles.
Customer Satisfaction towards Paragliding Services in Pokhara: The Moderating Role of Gender
Authors: Thapa Magar Bikash , Lamichhane Deennath
Published: March 2021

Customer satisfaction is an important aspect of successful business. So, every business should maintain a good relationship with its customers to enhance loyalty and increase profit. This research considers ‘gender’ as a moderator in the causal relationship between service quality/ value dimensions and overall satisfaction of customers in paragliding through measurement of perceived service quality and perceived service value by applying descriptive and analytical methods. Perceived service quality is measured by the constructs: Reliability, Assurance, Tangibility, Empathy, and Responsiveness while perceive service value is measured by the constructs: Price, Scenery, and Thrill. The landing site near Phewa Lake was chosen as the study area. A convenient sample of 150 respondents was selected for the study. Questionnaire was constructed to elicit primary data on independent variables and was evaluated on fivepoint Likert Scale. Focused group discussions supplemented the study. Gender-wise mean score of different variables revealed that the contribution of perceived service quality to customer satisfaction is higher than that of perceived service value for both the genders. Among the three significant variables- Reliability, Price, and Thrill, the Reliability has higher contribution in Perceived Service Quality measurement. Similarly, the Price has higher contribution in Perceived Service Value Measurement. Overall, the gender-wise level of satisfaction in paragliding among customers is found good. Further studies are needed to establish causal relationship between customer satisfaction and other demographic variables.
Financial Performance Analysis of Nepalese Financial Institutions in the Framework of CAMEL
Authors: Gautam Kedar Raj
Published: March 2021

Analysis of financial performance to detect financial health of finance companies, development banks and commercial banks as a whole is a less explored research in Nepalese context. This paper, therefore, attempts to examine the financial performance and factors influencing financial performance of Nepalese financial depositary institutions in the framework of CAMEL. This study is based on descriptive cum casual research design. This study is based on secondary data which was extracted from various publications published by Nepal Rastra Bank such as banking and financial statistics, financial stability report and bank supervision report. All commercial banks, development banks, and finance companies are taken as population of the study. The study deals with financial performance analysis of entire population covering five years from 2014/15 to 2018/19. The variables such as capital adequacy, assets quality, management efficiency, earnings and liquidity are used to analyze financial performance. Descriptive as well as pooled regression analysis was used to assess the relationship among the variables. Descriptive analysis shows that financial institutions in each category meet NRB standard regarding capital adequacy. On the basis of capital adequacy and earnings, finance companies stand at first, on the basis of assets quality, development banks stand at first and on the basis of management efficiency, commercial banks stand at first. Finance companies store high liquidity as compared to other class financial institutions. The regression analysis shows that return on assets, ROA has significant positive relationship with capital adequacy and ROE but ROA has significant negative relationship with assets quality. However, return on equity, ROE has significant positive relationship with assets quality and ROA but ROE has significant negative relationship with capital adequacy. Capital adequacy and assets quality play major role to maximize ROA and ROE of financial institutions.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Patient Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (PLHA) Patients Visiting at Anti-retroviral Therapy Center in Pokhara
Authors: Regmi Radhika , Karki Sarita , Shrestha Saphalta
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this paper is to assess the status of adherence to Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) among patient living with HIV AIDS (PLHA) patients receiving ART therapy. A crosssectional descriptive design was used to collect data from 326 PLHA patients. Data were collected through face to face interview among the attended in ART clinic western regional hospital, Pokhara. Participants aged 18 years and above and patient receiving ART at least for 12 months or more were included in this study. The collected data entered in Epi-data and analysis was done using SPSS. The age group of the respondents was from 18 to 70 years with the mean age of 40.29±11.84 (SD). Out of 326 respondents 55.2% were male and 59.8% were married. Forty percent of the respondents had no formal education and most of the respondents (60.4%) were unemployed. Majority (86.5%) of respondents were taking ART since more than 2 years of duration. Majority of the respondents (92.9%) had >95% adherence with ART while 7.1% respondents had non- adherence. The majority of the PLHA patients have more than ninety five percent adherences to anti-retroviral therapy. Some of them have still nonadherence to ART and the reason they claimed were forgetfulness during travelling and too long duration of treatment. It is recommended to promote awareness program related to ART therapy and importance of its adherence to their family member and community people
Domestic Violence against Married Women in Kaski District, Nepal
Authors: Baral Shrijana
Published: March 2021

Violence against women is a very complex and widespread issue in different societies. This study was done to identify the experience and causes of domestic violence in Nepalese context. The main objective of this study was to assess domestic violence among reproductive aged women of 15-49 years in Pokhara Sub Metropolitan city of Kaski, Nepal. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used for this study. Samples were selected from multistage sampling technique. Semi-structured interview schedule was used. After analyzing data, it was found that (41%) of the respondents belong to the age group 35-44 years of age. Most of the females (89.5%) faced different kind of violence in their life from their family members. Women are suffering from psychological violence 84.2%, physical violence 83.2%, sexual violence 86.3% and cultural violence 87.4%. The causes of the violence are disobeying the husband 96.8% and alcoholism. Most of women’s husband 82.10% had habit of drinking alcohol. Women are being violated by their husband as well as their family members. There is a high prevalence of violence among female who are involved in labor work. Despite of high level of violence, women are not working against it in order to maintain their confidentiality and fear of losing their social prestige. Domestic violence is the most thoughtful social condition that threatens women’s physical and mental health. It is also legal and health challenges on women’s health and happiness. It is one of the most important issues so awareness is necessary for social justice.
Prospección de agentes de mortalidad natural de áfidos en leguminosas forrajeras en Uruguay
Authors: Alzugaray Rosario , Ribeiro Adela , Silva Horacio , Stewart Silvana , Castiglioni Enrique , Bartaburu Sebastián , Martínez Juan José
Published: March 2021

Entre agosto de 2005 y septiembre de 2007 se realizó la prospección de enemigos naturales de áfidos en alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), trébol rojo (Trifolium pratense L.) y lotus (Lotus corniculatus L.). La misma incluyó semilleros comerciales de cada leguminosa en La Estanzuela (Colonia) y un área de lotus de pastoreo en EEMAC (Paysandú). Los muestreos se realizaron con frecuencia quincenal y consistieron en corte de plantas en 30 cuadrados de 30 x 30 cm. En laboratorio, los áfidos muertos se separaron de las plantas y se conservaron individualmente hasta identificar la causa de mortalidad. Se identificaron los áfidos presentes y sus poblaciones se estimaron mediante método volumétrico. Las especies de áfidos registradas en los diferentes cultivos y situaciones, en el período, fueron: Therioaphis trifolii (Monnell), Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji, Aphis craccivora Koch y Nearctaphis bakeri (Cowen). Los principales agentes de mortalidad fueron parasitoides y el hongo Pandora neoaphidis (Remaudière y Hennebert) Humber (Entomophthoromycotina: Entomophthorales). Tanto las poblaciones como la mortalidad natural de áfidos tuvieron variaciones amplias entre años y en las diferentes situaciones muestreadas. El hongo provocó mayor mortalidad que los parasitoides, aunque su acción estuvo restringida a los meses de otoño e invierno, en los dos años. Los parasitoides estuvieron presentes en todas las situaciones de muestreo. En lotus, en ambas regiones y zafras el total de parasitoides colectados fue igual o mayor que el de P. neoaphidis. Contrariamente, en trébol rojo y alfalfa la colecta total de este hongo fue siempre significativamente mayor que la de parasitoides.
Campos de recría en el Uruguay: gestión de los recursos y formas contractuales
Authors: Costa Mario , Bussoni Adriana , Mello Ricardo , Santoro Magela , Rodríguez Diego , Landa Francisco
Published: March 2021

Los Campos de Recría atienden el crecimiento y desarrollo de terneras hasta la categoría de vaquillonas en gestación. Este servicio al productor lechero se realiza en establecimientos administrados por organizaciones de productores, mayoritariamente en tierras propiedad del Estado. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar cómo son la organización y el uso de los recursos y cómo se establecen los acuerdos con los productores. Mediante la metodología de encuesta se generó información de 13 CR. Fueron usuarios 737 productores lecheros entre 2007-2008, que equivale al 22% de productores remitentes a planta y al 16% del total de productores lecheros. Se relevó una dotación de 18.057 animales en 19.891 ha, lo que representa el 2,3% del área lechera nacional. El 85% de los CR realiza contrato de pastoreo con los productores; solo dos CR utilizan el contrato por capitalización, que remunera por peso ganado del animal. El mecanismo de cobro más frecuente es la retención mensual en la industria. El 75% de los productores utiliza contrato verbal con el CR. En 6 CR la ganancia de peso diaria de los animales es menor a 420 g/día y de éstos, 4 CR tienen estadías por encima de los 24 meses. Los CR con más del 75% de campo natural presentan las mayores estadías y menores ganancias diarias. Se albergan animales provenientes de tambos de diferente tamaño y desarrollo tecnológico, por lo que no se observa especialización por estrato. Aquellos CR que obtienen ganancias menores a 420 g/día, estadías superiores a 30 meses y menos de 80% de preñez, tienen dificultades para atraer usuarios. El ingreso neto lechero nacional podría incrementarse en US$ 96 millones si se adoptara esta herramienta por productores lecheros que actualmente crían su propio ganado.
Micropropagación de Achyrocline flaccida (Weinm.) DC. en medios de cultivo líquidos
Authors: Ross Silvia , Castillo Alicia
Published: March 2021

La ‘Marcela’ (Achyrocline flaccida) es una planta nativa de Uruguay, sur de Brasil, Argentina y Paraguay, frecuente en arenales y sierras. Su interés productivo radica en el elevado contenido de quercetina que presenta, con importantes propiedades antioxidantes y citoprotectoras. Con el fin de incrementar la escala de propagación de esta especie, se evaluó su multiplicación en medio de cultivo líquido empleando biorreactoreses. Los biorreactoreses constituyen un sistema de micropropagación de plantas rápido y eficiente, evitando la manipulación intensiva y disminuyendo costos. La hiperhidricidad representa la principal limitante de estos sistemas. Los tejidos sumergidos sufren cambios que afectan la anatomía y fisiología de las plantas obtenidas y por lo tanto su sobrevivencia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue optimizar un sistema de producción de microplantas de A. flaccida, en biorreactoreses para incrementar la escala de producción. Se evaluó el efecto del floroglucinol por su acción antivitrificante como promotor de la biosíntesis de lignina, confirmándose mediante cortes histológicos de las plantas obtenidas. En todos los tratamientos realizados se logró una mayor tasa de multiplicación que cuando se emplearon medios sólidos, obteniéndose un máximo de 11 microestacas por yema en dos meses. Los porcentajes de enraizamiento y sobrevivencia ex vitro de las microestacas fueron cercanos al 100 %. Estos resultados permiten lograr una reducción efectiva de costos, ya que se requiere menos mano de obra y disminuyen los costos de insumos. Con este trabajo se ajustó un sistema de propagación eficiente que contribuirá a incrementar el stock de plantas disponibles, de buena calidad.
Efecto hormonal y nutricional del anillado en frutos de diferentes tipos de brotes de cítricos
Authors: Rivas Fernando , Martínez-Fuentes Amparo , Mesejo Carlos , Reig Carmina , Agustí Manuel
Published: March 2021

En el presente trabajo se estudió el efecto del anillado de ramas sobre la abscisión de frutos en diferentes tipos de brotes y su relación con el contenido de ácido abscísico (ABA) y carbohidratos durante la fase de cuajado en árboles adultos de mandarina ‘Clemenules’ (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Además, se cuantificó la cosecha luego de la aplicación de inhibidores de la Fase I (Cyocel, CCC) y II (Paclobutrazol, PBZ) de la síntesis de Giberelinas (GAs). Se observó que ambos inhibidores de la síntesis de GAs, redujeron hasta un 40 % la cosecha total, mientras que en combinación con el anillado los niveles fueron similares al testigo sin tratar. Asimismo el PBZ redujo los niveles de azúcares totales mientras que en combinación con el anillado, a los 30 días del tratamiento, se logró restablecer los niveles del control. En frutitos de brotes con y sin hojas el anillado redujo en más de 60 % el nivel de ABA a los siete días luego del tratamiento, siguiendo además una tendencia similar en ambos tipos de brote. Este descenso en los niveles de ABA fue precedido de una reducción de la tasa de abscisión, la cual se mantuvo en niveles significativamente inferiores para los tipos de brotes estudiados hasta los 60 días después del anillado. Para el caso de los brotes sin hojas la abscisión al final del período de evaluación fue similar al control, mientras que en el caso de brotes con hojas se redujo. Se evidencia por tanto el efecto directo del anillado sobre los niveles de ABA, pudiendo explicar así la reducción de la abscisión y la posible implicancia del anillado en la modificación de la relación GAs/ABA durante la fase de cuajado, independientemente del tipo de brote.
Una alternativa para optimizar el uso de fungicidas para controlar fusariosis de espiga en trigo
Authors: Mazzilli Sebastián , Pérez Carlos , Ernst Oswaldo
Published: March 2021

La fusariosis de la espiga es una de las principales enfermedades de la producción de trigo en Uruguay. La aplicación de fungicidas en forma preventiva es la medida de manejo más frecuentemente utilizada. Sin embargo, el momento de aplicación es la principal limitante que enfrenta esta estrategia. Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la posibilidad de utilizar el modelo de Moschini y Fortugno para detectar la ocurrencia de condiciones predisponentes para la enfermedad. Los ensayos se llevaron a cabo en el período 2003-2006. En los ensayos se combinaron diferentes cultivares y fechas de siembra. Se evaluaron tres tratamientos: i) sin aplicación de fungicida (T0), ii) control químico preventivo a inicios de la floración (T1), y iii) control químico preventivo cuando se pronosticaron condiciones predisponentes (T2). Las condiciones climáticas ocurridas durante estos años determinaron la no existencia de epífitias severas. En el análisis conjunto de los 50 experimentos, se encontró un efecto significativo del tratamiento y del número de períodos críticos al que fue expuesto el cultivo sobre los niveles de incidencia, severidad e índice de fusariosis de la espiga. Estos resultados permiten concluir que deben ocurrir al menos dos eventos de infección para que se observen epifitias. Por otro lado, el uso del modelo permitió evitar aplicaciones innecesarias (igual índice de infección entre T0 y T1) en el 25% de las situaciones evaluadas. Este estudio aporta al manejo sustentable de la producción de trigo en Uruguay mediante un uso más eficiente del recurso químico, reduciendo su impacto económico y ecológico.
Tipología de subjetividades relacionadas con la baja adopción de tecnología en fruticultura
Authors: Fúster Rebellato Félix Antonio , De Hegedüs Hetzel Pedro , Tejera Gravina María Virginia
Published: March 2021

La fruticultura de hoja caduca presentó un débil desarrollo en las últimas décadas en Uruguay. La escasa adopción de tecnología ha sido un elemento determinante. El importante acervo de tecnología y de conocimientos ha sido transferido de manera lenta a los productores. Se determinaron las diferentes subjetividades existentes en relación a la actitud del productor ante el cambio técnico. El método utilizado fue Estudio de Caso (EC) mediante la metodología «Q». Combina entrevistas semi-estructuradas (enfoque cualitativo) y análisis factorial (enfoque cuantitativo) para generar factores (tipologías de subjetividad o representaciones sociales). Los resultados detectaron problemas en las estrategias de extensión y asesoramiento técnico utilizadas: i) a nivel conceptual por no tomar en cuenta a la familia del productor y a sus vecinos, ya que ambos inciden en como se toma una decisión por el productor, y ii) a nivel operativo, en los instrumentos usados en el sistema de extensión (por ejemplo, uso inapropiado de créditos).
Especialización fisiológica de una población local de Pyrenophora teres f.sp. teres
Authors: Gamba Fernanda , Tekauz Andrej
Published: March 2021

La mancha en red de la cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.), inducida por Pyrenophora teres f.sp. teres, ha mostrado un importante incremento en los últimos años, debido a la creciente aplicación de la práctica de la siembra directa sin una adecuada rotación de cultivos y el uso de cultivares con niveles de resistencia genética poco adecuados. El conocimiento de la estructura poblacional del patógeno permite el logro de cultivares con resistencia genética efectiva frente a esa población. Se inocularon cuarenta y tres aislados de P. teres f. sp. teres en veinte genotipos de cebada uruguayos, en condiciones controladas de temperatura y fotoperíodo. Dieciocho aislados exhibieron los máximos niveles de virulencia en todos los genotipos. No se observó ningún aislado completamente avirulento y todos los genotipos fueron susceptibles en diversos grados. La variedad INIA Ceibo mostró el mejor comportamiento relativo mientras que las más susceptibles fueron Ackerman Madi y Danuta. No fue posible la identificación de grupos de aislados con perfiles de virulencia diferente; tampoco se detectaron genotipos de cebada con resistencia diferencial. La alta variabilidad encontrada en estas muestras de P. teres f. sp. teres y de genotipos de cebada, indica que la realización de estudios más exhaustivos mejorará el conocimiento de la composición de los perfiles de virulencia y de resistencia y por tanto contribuirá a la obtención de cultivares con resistencia más efectiva.
Carbono orgánico y propiedades físicas del suelo en predios hortícolas del sur de Uruguay
Authors: García de Souza Margarita , Alliaume Florencia , Mancassola Victoria , Dogliotti Santiago
Published: March 2021

El sur del Uruguay es la zona del país con mayor incidencia y severidad de la erosión de los suelos y donde se concentra la mayor parte de la horticultura del país. La intensificación y especialización de los sistemas hortícolas como respuesta a condiciones desfavorables del contexto socio-económico, sin una adecuada planificación, ha profundizado el deterioro de la calidad del recurso suelo. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivos caracterizar el estado del suelo (Vertisoles rúpticos y Brunosoles éutricos/subéutricos típicos/lúvicos) en 16 predios hortícolas en el sur de Uruguay, así como evaluar el efecto de la adopción de alternativas de manejo en la calidad del suelo. Se evaluaron el contenido de carbono orgánico (COS), la estabilidad estructural inicial y la evolución del COS. Se detectó un deterioro de la calidad del suelo, evidenciado en una pérdida promedio de COS entre 31 a 44% y de la estabilidad estructural de 0,40 mm respecto a la situación de referencia. Se ajustó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple para la diferencia de COS (Mg ha-1) en cuadros cultivados, al inicio y al final del período estudiado. Los aportes anuales de materia seca -abono verde y cama de pollo-, el nivel inicial del carbono y el período en años, explicaron significativamente la evolución del COS en los cuadros cultivados. El modelo ajustado es una herramienta simple para estimar el efecto de estas enmiendas en el balance de COS de suelos bajo cultivo de hortalizas en esta zona.
Especies indicadoras y estructura de praderas naturales de basalto con cargas contrastantes de ovinos
Authors: Jaurena Martín , Bentancur Oscar , Ayala Walter , Rivas Mercedes
Published: March 2021

El ajuste de la carga animal es una medida de manejo muy importante en sistemas pastoriles, debido a que determina la relación de la oferta de forraje con la demanda animal, y con ello afecta la productividad animal. Un experimento evaluó el efecto de 5,4 y 10,8 capones ha-1 en la estructura de praderas naturales sobre Litosoles negros y rojos de basalto en Uruguay. Se evaluó la disponibilidad y altura del forraje, composición de especies y diversidad florística y se identificaron especies indicadoras de los niveles de carga animal. El aumento de la carga animal disminuyó la oferta de forraje, pero no se detectaron cambios en la riqueza y diversidad de especies. La variable tipo de suelos explicó la mayoría de las diferencias en la composición botánica, mientras que la respuesta al incremento de la carga animal fue de menor magnitud. La respuesta de la vegetación frente al incremento de la carga de animales fue diferente según el tipo de suelo. En Litosoles negros el incremento de la carga provocó la sustitución de gramíneas perennes cespitosas de ciclo invernal por especies postradas, mientras que en Litosoles rojos este cambio fue menor. En los Litosoles negros, en los niveles de carga animal evaluados existen dos estados alternativos de la vegetación caracterizados por la dominancia de gramíneas cespitosas y postradas. En cambio, en los Litosoles rojos en ambas cargas dominaron especies postradas. Se identificaron 12 especies indicadoras de los niveles de carga animal, las cuales podrían ser utilizadas para evaluar la historia reciente de pastoreo. La evaluación de estas especies facilitará el desarrollo de planes de manejo y monitoreo de praderas naturales de basalto.
Sistemas de gestión de horticultura familiar del sur de Uruguay: un estudio de caso
Authors: Álvarez Jorge , Pedemonte Ana , Abedala Camilo , Marisquirena Gustavo
Published: March 2021

Para entender los cambios que mejoran la sustentabilidad de los sistemas hortícolas en el sur del Uruguay, se necesitan metodologías y herramientas para caracterizar los sistemas de gestión de los establecimientos. Para ello se entrevistó a los responsables de 16 predios hortícolas y hortícola-ganaderos familiares de los departamentos de Canelones y Montevideo. Se relevaron los siguientes aspectos del sistema de gestión: integración del equipo de gestión; identificación de las actividades de gestión; manejo de la información, y estilos de gestión. Se encontraron diferencias según la especialización de cada predio: hortícola convencional, orgánico y hortícola-ganadero. En todos los casos se observó un descreimiento de los productores en las herramientas de planificación y toma de registros -asociado a la alta incertidumbre de la horticultura- centrando la toma de decisiones en la memoria y experiencia. La sustentabilidad de los sistemas depende de diversos factores, como la diversificación de rubros –para controlar la incertidumbre- y las «relaciones extra-prediales», que implican el aporte de subsidios externos, como sucede en alguno de los predios. Los productores que ya habían participado en algún proyecto similar, donde recibían algún tipo de asesoramiento técnico, mostraron una mayor apertura al manejo e incorporación de información así como una mayor disposición de llevar registros .
Implementing “what-if” learning strategy to improve high order thinking skills (HOTS) of students in statistics method i subject
Authors: Payadnya I Putu Ade Andre , Atmaja I Made Dharma
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to improve students’ high order thinking skills (HOTS) specifically in Statistics Method I subject by implementing the "what-if" learning strategy. This research is a two-cycle classroom action research. The subjects of this study were as many as 16 students in the 2018/2019 academic year as semester IIA students from the Mathematics Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar. Techniques for collecting data used interviews, observations, and essay tests. This research used two methods for data analysis, i.e. qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis uses methods such as mathematical models and analyses that are performed by conducting explanations restricted to data management techniques. Moreover, the quantitative analysis used a simple level calculation to determine the average value and completeness level of students’ high order thinking skills. The study results showed an increase in the students’ high order thinking skills from the first cycle to the second cycle. The average score of the students’ high order thinking skills only exceeded 71.125 with completeness level 62.5 percent in the first cycle.
Identification of local sesars of tejakula buleleng bali with anomaly gravity data using second vertical derivative method
Authors: Suarbawa Komang Ngurah , Adnyana I Gusti Agung Putra , Riyono Elvin
Published: March 2021

Research has been carried out related to subsurface structures in the Tejakula Buleleng Bali area and its surroundings using the gravity method. This study aims to identify the local Tejakula fault. The data used in this study is gravity anomaly data obtained from observations of Geodetic Satellite (GEOSAT). The method used in interpreting the type of disturbance uses the Second Vertical Derivative method, which then produces two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) fault model interpretations. Based on the results obtained in the study, the condition of the bouguer gravity anomaly value in the Tejakula area and its surroundings at the research location is in the range of 65 mGal to 185 mGal. Meanwhile, based on the Second Vertical Derivative method in determining the type of fault, the Tejakula Fault can be categorized as a mandatory fault with an upward trend.
Evaluation process associated with multiple intelligences in high school students of the Ecuadorian educational system
Authors: Rodríguez Liliana Magdalena Alcívar , Intriago Karina Eliana Castro , Cevallos Luis Alfredo Tubay , Montes Lubis Carmita Zambrano
Published: March 2021

Formative assessment is ideal for improving teaching and learning processes. However, little is practiced systematically and a traditional approach still persists in many educational institutions that value the product rather than the process. The objective of this study is to determine the evaluative process associated with multiple intelligences in high school students from an Educational Unit in the city of Manta. Methodologically, this research project is of a mixed type with a qualitative-quantitative approach since it obtains real data that evaluates the results. To collect the information, information from primary sources will be used and will be carried out through a survey via Google to teachers and secondary information will be taken from accredited sources of virtual libraries, indexed magazines, and other academic Google publications. The results will be processed using statistical methods that will allow their analysis and interpretation. As a result of it, a set of formative evaluation activities underlying the pedagogical practice of the teacher was obtained, assessing the general process of formative evaluation of learning included in the teaching-learning processes. The process is useful for conducting a conscious and systematic formative assessment.
Morfološka i fenološka varijabilnost obične bukve (Fagus sylvaticaL.) u međunarodnom testu provenijencija u Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Memišević Hodžić Mirzeta , Ballian Dalibor
Published: March 2021

Cilj istraživanja je usporediti rast provenijencija obične bukve, te utvrditi početak i završetak fenoloških faza listanja provenijencija obične bukve u međunarodnom testu provenijencija u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Test obuhvaća osam provenijencija iz Bosne i Hercegovine, četiri iz Njemačke, tri iz Srbije, po dvije iz Hrvatske, Rumunije i Švicarske te jednu iz Mađarske (tablica 1).
U proljeće 2017. godine mjerili smo visine i promjere vrata korijena biljaka u međunarodnom testu provenijencija. Također smo promatrali i bilježili pojavu fenoloških faza listanja kroz šest faza (slika 1): A – Spavajući pup; B – Pupovi izduženi, nabubreni, žućkasto-zelenkaste boje; C – Pupovi se počinju otvarati i vidi se prvo zelenilo; D – Počinju se javljati savijeni dlakavi listići; E – Listovi su odmotani, još lepezasti, prisutne blijede liske; F – Listovi su potpuno ­razvijeni, glatki i široki.
Prosječna visina za sve provenijencije bila je 164,6 cm (tablica 2), a prosječan promjer vrata korjena 33,4 mm (tablica 5). Najmanju prosječnu visinu (104,2 cm) i promjer (22,6 mm) imala je provenijencija Alba - Iulia iz Rumunije (9664). Najveću prosječnu visinu (197,4 cm) i promjer (40,1 mm) imala je provenijencija Dilj Čaglinski iz Hrvatske (9624).
Utvrdili smo razlike između provenijencija u pogledu pojavljivanja fenoloških faza listanja (tablica 8), kao i dužini trajanja faza (tablica 10). Faza B se najranije pojavila 31.3. kod provenijencija Grmeč Jasenica i Dinara iz Bosne i Hercegovine i Cer iz Srbije. Najkasnije se pojavila 8.5. kod provenijencija Herzogenbuchsee iz Švicarske i NS Hasbruch iz Njemačke. Fenofaza F najranije se pojavila 1.5. kod provenijencije Valkonya iz Mađarske. Analiza varijanse pokazala je da postoje statistički značajne razlike između provenijencija, kako u visini (tablica 3) i promjeru vrata korijena (tablica 6) tako i u dužini trajanja fenoloških faza (tablica 10).
Biljke u međunarodnom testu provenijencija obične bukve su za vrijeme mjerenja bile stare 12 i 13 godina. Potrebno je vršiti daljnja mjerenja morfoloških svojstava kako bi se utvrdile tendencije rasta pojedinih provenijencija u idućim fazama razvoja. Također je potrebno promatrati fenološke faze kako bi se procijenili utjecaji genetske konstitucije i godišnje klime na fenološka kretanja. Rezultati ovog istraživanja poslužit će za odabir najboljih provenijencija po produktivnosti i otpornosti na kasne proljetne mrazeve.
Kontroling radnih strojeva pri izvođenju šumskih radova
Authors: Sitaš Branko
Published: March 2021

Kontroling radnih strojeva pri izvođenju šumskih radova predstavlja razvoj sustava upravljanja poslovanjem, nadzor radnog vremena radnih strojeva, analizu prikupljenih podataka, kao podlogu za donošenje poslovnih odluka. Navedeni je sustav povezan sa drugim informatičkim sustavima (različitih poslovnih namjena) koji se rabe u trgovačkom društvu “Hrvatske šume” d.o.o., tvrtki koja gospodari državnim šumama. Prikazani financijski i naturalni izvještaji ponajprije se odnose za strojeve u šumarstvu i predstavljaju suvremeni poslovni model upravljanja u operativnom šumarstvu.
Glavni instrument kontrolinga radnih strojeva je web aplikacija HsKPR. Aplikacija je kontrolni mehanizam praćenja aktivnosti po mjestu troška, što znači za svaki radni stroj u djelatnostima mehanizacije, građevinarstva i osobnog prijevoza. Svaki radni stroj mjesto je troška i prihoda, a svako putničko vozilo mjesto je troška. Aplikacija pruža informacije o planiranim i izvršenim prihodima, rashodima i dobiti radnog stroja. Kod rashoda prate se troškovi goriva, maziva, rezervnih dijelova, guma, internih i eksternih usluga održavanja, amortizacije, plaća strojara. Osim financijskih izvještaja o prihodima, rashodima i dobiti, aplikacija pruža i naturalne pokazatelje o produktivnosti, pogonskim satima, iskoristivosti radnog vremena, potrošnji goriva, praznom hodu i zastojima. Posebno su korisne informacije o troškovima po strojodanu i ostvarenim troškovima po jedinici mjere kn/m3. Financijski i naturalni izvještaji dostupni su na razini mjesta troška i prihoda, grupe mjesta troška i prihoda te profitnog centra. Grupe mjesta troška i prihoda radni su strojevi iste tehnologije, npr. zglobni šumski traktori, forvarderi, žičare. Profitni centar je djelatnost mehanizacije s poddjelatnostima privlačenja, prijevoza i ostalih sredstava rada te djelatnost građevinarstva s poddjelatnostima radnih strojeva i prijevoza. Svi ti izvještaji dostupni su i na tri organizacijske razine: šumarija odnosno radna jedinica, uprava šuma i trgovačko društvo.
Kontroling izvješća čine podlogu za menadžerske odluke, signal za uzbunu kada ukazuju na značajne nepovoljne razlike između planiranih i ostvarenih pokazatelja, podloga za otkrivanje razloga odstupanja od planiranih zadataka i podloga za propisivanje potrebnih aktivnosti koje vode do ciljanog rezultata.
Aspects of Sustainable Development of Rural Territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Kulakova Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: March 2021

The article considers the mechanism of implementation of the concept of sustainable development of rural areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author characterizes the concept of sustainable development of rural areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan, meaning their stability, socio-economic development, growth and increase in the volume of production of the agricultural industry, as well as the achievement of full employment of the rural population, and as a result, the growth of their standard of living. As a mechanism for improving the efficiency of rural areas, the author suggests considering labor resources, their employment, which is based on the population. The development of rural areas is described in stages, starting in 1991.
In conclusion, the author notes that the solution to the problems of rural development is directly dependent on the effectiveness of the state policy in the field of agriculture. Therefore, today the government's attention is focused on the development of the future of the Kazakh village, the strategy of social policy and the development of infrastructure in rural areas. As the main target indicators of rural development in Kazakhstan, the author suggests improving the living conditions of the rural population in 2021 to 64% compared to the indicators of 2018–58%; improving the quality of living for 80% of the rural population in settlements that would meet modern standards of quality of life by 2030, increasing the volume of agricultural products by 2.5 times compared to the same indicators in 2017.
Análise dos requisitos para a integração da gestão do conhecimento e de processos de negócio em uma empresa de médio porte
Authors: Gomes Roniscley De Lira , Ferneda Edilson , Do Prado Hércules Antonio
Published: March 2021

Este estudo aborda aspectos no contexto empresarial relacionados à verificação dos requisitos necessários para integração de práticas de Gestão do Conhecimento (GC) aos Processos de Negócio (PN) de uma organização privada de médio porte. A adoção de práticas de GC e sua integração com os processos de negócio de uma organização permitem possibilidades de inovações organizacionais que reduzem custos e aumentam lucros. A organização alvo do estudo é um prestador de serviços logísticos posicionado estrategicamente na cadeia de suprimentos. Recomenda-se as práticas de GC integradas aos processos de negócio inseridas na estratégia organizacional com o objetivo de agregar valor e proporcionar diferencial competitivo para as organizações. O uso dos recursos de conhecimento adiciona capacidade e condições de elevados níveis de serviços à empresa.
Bahá’í Fundamentals for Bioethics
Authors: Milani Leila , Milani Kavian
Published: March 2021

The recent unprecedented explosion of advances in the biological and medical sciences, especially in the arena of technology, has produces a plethora of new bioethical challenges with significant moral, economic, and public policy implications. Inherent in the Bahá’í Revelation is the claim that it contains a universal moral code. The rich field of Bahá’í bioethics has not been studied to date. This article attempts to establish a framework and to open a dialogue within which medical ethical dilemmas may be addressed and analyzed in light of the Bahá’í Faith. Bahá’í psychology (science of the soul) is examined, as it is a prelude to ethical questions. The authors suggest a possible Baha'i scriptural understanding of suffering, theodicy, and the purpose of creation. The definitions of life and death, as well as the purpose of human life, are also explored. Finally, a number of principles from the Bahá’í writings are examined for use in formulating a Bahá’í approach to bioethical dilemmas. It must be noted that this article does not represent the definitive Bahá’í stance on any of the issues discussed; rather, these preliminary observations are only intended to serve as a prelude to a Bahá’í bioethical dialogue.
Another Look at Achieving Peace by the Year 2000
Authors: Huddleston John
Published: March 2021

Three key developments in global politics since the end of the Cold War that have bearing on the issue of world peace are identified, and three actions are suggested as a necessary response by humanity. The first development has been the continuing process of globalization in terms of intrenational trade, communications and culture, multinational corporations, migrations, environmental issues, and international crime. The second has been the experience of maintaining peace in a new environment of reduced immediate risk of a global holocaust, lower military expenditures, and fewer regional conflicts on the one hand, and major weaknesses in peacekeeping procedures and looming major risks in the longer term on the other. The third has been the failure of the world's leaders to seize the opportunity of the fiftieth anniversary of the United Nations to implement effective strategies for maintenance of peace in the coming century. The three responses proposed are: to strengthen the institutional framework for peace by restructuring the United Nations as a democratic federal world government; to urge the United States to provide positive leadership in achieving this goal; and to underpin the whole enterprise with systematic education of all humanity in the principle of "The earth is but one country and mankind its citizens."
Statecraft, Globalization, and Ethics
Authors: Lerche Charles
Published: March 2021

This article explores the impact of cosmopolitan morality on international statecraft in an era of globalization. The historical roots of the main schools of thought on morality and international relations are discussed, and three alternative views developed. Globalization, as a process of world economic, political, and social change is introduced, and its implications for statecraft outlined. In this regard, globalism is put forth as a positive, and potentially corrective, dimension of globalization, and the Bahá’í teachings drawn upon as a source of globalist ethical vision for the future.
Influence of Tensioner’s Mobilization on the Centralization of Symptoms in Cervicobrachial Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sudhakar Kavita , Khan Sohrab A. , Saraswat Avi , Makhija Meena
Published: March 2021

Study Design: This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial.Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the impact of neural mobilization by tensioner’s technique (NMTT) on the centralization of symptoms and pain in patients with cervicobrachial pain syndrome (CBPS).Overview of Literature: CBPS is a disabling condition of the neck that is characterized by pain and paresthesia in the upper quarter. Several techniques have successfully provided immediate and long-term relief in CBPS; however, few studies have evaluated the effect of these techniques on the centralization of symptoms.Methods: Thirty patients aged 18–45 years with a complaint of pain in the neck that had persisted for 2–12 weeks radiating to the arm and fulfilling Elvey’s criteria were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Group A received NMTT plus conventional treatment (hot pack and postural advice with cervical lateral glide), and group B received only conventional treatment 3 times a week for 2 weeks. The outcome measures were Wernicke’s scale score for the centralization of symptoms and Visual Analog Scale score for pain intensity. Within- and between-group comparisons were made before initiating treatment and at the end of the 3rd and 6th sessions. Within group analyses for the centralization values were performed using Friedmann test, and between-group analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney test. A 2×3 mixed model of the analysis of variance was used for analyzing the pain levels.Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) within and between the groups for both the measures at the end of the 3rd and 6th sessions. Thus, NMTT may be beneficial in decreasing the peripheralization of symptoms and pain intensity in patients with CBPS.Conclusions: NMTT can be used as an alternative and effective treatment option for patients with CBPS.