bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isoniazid‐Sugar–Triazole‐Based Fluorescent “Turn‐On” Chemosensor for Zn2+ and Mn2+ Detection With Potential Biological Applications
Authors: Bhavya P. V. , Malecki Jan Grzegorz , Das T. Mohan
Published: February 2025

A multifunctional isoniazid‐sugar–triazole based Schiff‐bases were designed and synthesized, and their sensing capability was studied with various metal ions by colorimetric, absorption, and spectrofluorometric techniques. Interestingly, the molecule processing diethylamine moiety (11) shows fluorescent “turn‐on” chemosensor properties in the presence of Zn2+ and Mn2+. The limit of detection (LOD) values of the chemosensor toward the respective metal ions were 3.37 µM and 1.46 µM, with a 1:2 stoichiometric ratio, respectively. Compound 11 was successfully applied to effectively detect Zn2⁺ and Mn2⁺ in real water samples. Additionally, a logic gate was constructed, where the fluorescence intensity served as the output signal, responding to the chemical species as the inputs. Synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities against a panel of pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and E. coli. All the compounds showed significant activities against these pathogens. The anticancer activity of compound 13 was investigated in human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells. MTT assay results revealed that the hybrid sugar derivative exhibited cytotoxicity against the HOS cell line, with increased potency observed at a concentration of 60 µg/ml.
A Fibronectin (FN)‐Silk 3D Cell Culture Model as a Screening Tool for Repurposed Antifibrotic Drug Candidates for Endometriosis
Authors: Teworte Sarah , Behrens Mark C. , Widhe Mona , Gurzeler Lukas‐Adrian , Hedhammar My , Luciani Paola
Published: February 2025

This study advances sustainable pharmaceutical research for endometriosis by developing in vitro 3D cell culture models of endometriotic pathophysiology that allow antifibrotic drug candidates to be tested. Fibrosis is a key aspect of endometriosis, yet current cell models to study it remain limited. This work aims to bridge the translational gap between in vitro fibrosis research and preclinical testing of non‐hormonal drug candidates. When grown in a 3D matrix of sustainably produced silk protein functionalized with a fibronectin‐derived cell adhesion motif (FN‐silk), endometrial stromal and epithelial cells respond to transforming growth factor beta‐1 (TGF‐β1) in a physiological manner as probed at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level. For stromal cells, this response to TGF‐β1 is not observed in spheroids, while epithelial cell spheroids behave similarly to epithelial cell FN‐silk networks. Pirfenidone, an antifibrotic drug approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, reverses TGF‐β1‐induced upregulation of mRNA transcripts involved in fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation of endometrial stromal cells in FN‐silk networks, supporting pirfenidone's potential as a repurposed non‐hormonal endometriosis therapy. Overall, endometrial stromal cells cultured in FN‐silk networks—which are composed of a sustainably produced, fully defined FN‐silk protein—recapitulate fibrotic cellular behavior with high fidelity and enable antifibrotic drug testing.
Oxygen Modulation by Ni Metal Sites in Resorcinol‐Formaldehyde Resins for Boosted Photocatalytic H2O2 Production From Pure Water
Authors: Sun Kaiqu , Guo Lan , Luo Jun , Xiong Bo , Hou Jianhua , Lu Changyu , Du Xin , Shi Weilong
Published: February 2025

Utilizing polymeric catalysts to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via photocatalysis for various industrial applications is a promising avenue, but the application potential is constrained by their low charge separation efficiency and the capacity for oxygen adsorption and activation. Herein, a polymeric catalyst (NiRF) modified with Ni metal sites on resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) resin is presented, which can efficiently produce H2O2 through photocatalysis in pure water. The optimal NiRF‐5 exhibits an impressive H2O2 generation rate of up to 31.75 mm g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation, significantly outperforming most catalysts reported to date. Experimental results coupled with theoretical calculations simulation, indicate that the incorporation of nickel ions modulates the band structure of the NiRF resin and provides active sites conducive to the transformation of oxygen. The Ni metal active sites significantly regulate the adsorption capacity of NiRF for O2 and ensure a suitable adsorption configuration and energy. This work provides a novel design concept for RF‐based photocatalysts and offers an approach for the development of methods for the efficient photocatalytic production of H2O2.
A Flexible Framework to Ensure Traceability, Consistency, and Propagation of KPIs Evolution
Authors: Domínguez Eladio , Pérez Beatriz , Rubio Ángel L. , Zapata María A.
Published: February 2025

Organizations use key performance indicators (KPIs) to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of their procedures and processes. In a world that is constantly evolving and hyperconnected via the internet, it is of great interest to analyze how changes (organizational, legal, technological or other) can lead to modifications in the KPIs involved. However, little attention has been paid to KPI evolution either in the scientific literature or in developed solutions. This paper presents A Flexible Framework for the Evolution, Consistency and Traceability of KPIs (AFFECTK) that aims at establishing the basis for suitable KPIs' evolution management. The feasibility of this proposal is demonstrated through a proof‐of‐concept developed using a reasoning tool based on Constraint Logic Programming. The framework is further evaluated, using real KPI case studies, to assess the functional suitability of our approach.
Surface and Interface Engineering of Electrospun Nanofibers for Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Yue Guichu , Wang Dezhi , Song Feiyan , Wang Nü , Cui Zhimin , Bai Jie , Zhao Yong
Published: February 2025

Surface and interface engineering of catalysts from atomic level to macroscale exhibit good performance in regulating conversion, selectivity, and stability. Electrospinning offers such multiscale flexibility in tuning surface and interface structures and compositions for the design of fiber catalysts. This review presents an overview on the surface and interface engineering of electrospun nanofibers for heterogeneous catalysts designing. First, the building strategies for regulating catalytic performance on surface and interface at different scales are introduced. Then, typical research achievements of surface and interface regulation strategies of nanofiber catalysts in different scales are summarized, including atomic vacancy and doping at microscale, heterojunction interfaces at mesoscale, and surfaces/interfaces with special wettability at macroscale. The typical catalytic reactions are introduced that involve classical small molecule hydrogenation, oxygen evolution reaction, and pollutant photocatalytic degradation, as well as the recently emerging CO2 reduction reaction and nitrate/nitrite reduction. Finally, the challenges and future tendency on surface and interface engineering of electrospun nanofiber catalysts are highlighted.
Optimal implementation of genomic selection in clone breeding programs exemplified in potato: II. Effect of selection strategy and cross‐selection method on long‐term genetic gain
Authors: Wu Po‐Ya , Stich Benjamin , Hartje Stefanie , Muders Katja , Prigge Vanessa , Van Inghelandt Delphine
Published: February 2025

Different cross‐selection (CS) methods incorporating genomic selection (GS) have been used in diploid species to improve long‐term genetic gain and preserve diversity. However, their application to heterozygous and autotetraploid crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is lacking so far. The objectives of our study were to (i) assess the effects of different CS methods and the incorporation of GS and genetic variability monitoring on both short‐ and long‐term genetic gains compared to strategies using phenotypic selection (PS); (ii) evaluate the changes in genetic variability and the efficiency of converting diversity into genetic gain across different CS methods; and (iii) investigate the interaction effects between different genetic architectures and CS methods on long‐term genetic gain. In our simulation results, implementing GS with optimal selected proportions had increased short‐ and long‐term genetic gain compared to any PS strategy. The CS method considering additive and dominance effects to predict progeny mean based on simulated progenies (MEGV‐O) achieved the highest long‐term genetic gain among the assessed mean‐based CS methods. Compared to MEGV‐O and usefulness criteria (UC), the linear combination of UC and genome‐wide diversity (called EUCD) maintained the same level of genetic gain but resulted in higher diversity and a lower number of fixed QTLs. Moreover, EUCD had a relatively high degree of efficiency in converting diversity into genetic gain. However, choosing the most appropriate weight to account for diversity in EUCD depends on the genetic architecture of the target trait and the breeder's objectives. Our results provide breeders with concrete methods to improve their potato breeding programs.
Clinically meaningful outcomes in Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias trials
Authors: Stoeckel Luke E. , Fazio Elena M. , Hardy Kristina K. , Kidwiler Nicole , McLinden Kristina A. , Williams Benfeard
Published: February 2025

On March 12–14, 2024, the National Institute on Aging (NIA) together with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) led a workshop exploring clinically meaningful changes in the context of Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD) clinical trials (https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/dbsr/workshops/clinically‐meaningful‐outcomes‐ad‐adrd‐trials). The goals were to identify research gaps, opportunities, and tools to advance patient‐centered, equitable assessment of clinically meaningful change focused on biomarker status, cognition, and everyday function. The workshop fostered robust, multidisciplinary discussion between lived experience experts, advocates, researchers, clinicians, funders, payers, and regulators. The workshop addressed the criteria used to assess whether an intervention has had a clinically meaningful impact, including consideration of both benefit and harm. Here, we report on (1) criteria to consider for development, testing, and selection of clinically meaningful outcomes in AD/ADRD clinical trials; (2) methods to validate and customize clinically meaningful outcomes that are fit‐for‐purpose; and (3) practices that will ensure that clinically meaningful outcomes are applicable to diverse populations.

Highlights

Patient‐Centered Outcomes: Inclusive AD/ADRD clinical trials incorporate assessments that reflect what matters most to those impacted by these diseases, including patient‐ and caregiver‐reported outcome measures.

Culturally Relevant Assessments: There is a need for culturally sensitive and equitable assessments to better serve diverse populations in AD/ADRD research.

Framework for Clinically Meaningful Change: We present a framework for defining and evaluating clinically meaningful outcomes in AD/ADRD trials, tailored to diverse stages of disease progression.

Interdisciplinary Approach: We draw on insights from a multidisciplinary workshop, fostering collaboration among researchers, clinicians, and lived experience experts to advance the field.
Unlocking hope: The future of ustekinumab biosimilars in Crohn's disease treatment
Authors: D’Amico Ferdinando , Bencardino Sarah , Gonçalves André , Allocca Mariangela , Furfaro Federica , Zilli Alessandra , Parigi Tommaso Lorenzo , Fiorino Gionata , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Danese Silvio
Published: February 2025

Biologic therapies have revolutionized Crohn's disease (CD) management, but their high costs pose a significant barrier to access. Biosimilars can provide increased access to treatment because of significant cost‐savings. Ustekinumab is a biological drug against interleukin 12–23 that is employed in treating moderate‐to‐severe CD. As the patent of the reference product (RP) is expiring, ustekinumab biosimilars have been developed and are currently becoming available for patients. Available data demonstrate that ustekinumab biosimilars exhibit comparable efficacy, pharmacokinetics, safety and immunogenicity as the RP. Ustekinumab biosimilars have been approved for CD based on extrapolation and there is no real‐world data available yet for this indication. While biosimilars of ustekinumab promise cost savings in treating moderate‐to‐severe CD, it is not yet known whether their availability will change the treatment algorithm in CD. This review focuses on the available data on ustekinumab biosimilars, focusing on their pros and cons for their forthcoming role in treating moderate to severe CD.
A Data‐Driven Approach for the Prediction of Reynolds Number Effects on Wind Turbine Airfoil Aerodynamic Polars
Authors: Özgören Ahmet Can , Uzol Oğuz
Published: February 2025

This study presents a data‐driven approach to extrapolate and predict Reynolds number effects on wind turbine airfoil polars. For this purpose, a database is created using experimentally obtained aerodynamic coefficients from open literature for airfoils with thickness‐to‐chord ratio (t/c) values in the range of 15% to 30% in order to be more relevant to wind turbine blade design applications. All available airfoil geometries are parameterized using PARSEC methodology, and response surfaces are generated to predict and of a given airfoil operating at a given Reynolds number. These predicted values are then utilized in a power‐law‐based estimation methodology to obtain predictions for full polars, which are then compared with experimental data for selected airfoil test cases. Unlike previously proposed methods in the literature, the new extrapolation method does not rely on predicted trends obtained through numerical simulations. Because the response surfaces used for predictions are based on an entirely experimental database, this brings in an advantage in general in terms of better predicting , , and stall angle of attack levels because it is known that numerical simulations generally fail to predict the , , and levels accurately for wind turbine airfoils. The results show that the proposed data‐driven approach and the full polar prediction methodology show better agreement with experimental results compared with those obtained using numerical simulations‐based extrapolation schemes. Also, because the method consists of basic polynomial relations, it requires much less computational time compared with numerical simulations‐based approaches. For airfoil types that might be underrepresented in the database (such as symmetrical airfoils), the prediction results can be erroneous, especially at very high Reynolds numbers that are not in the constructed database. In the power‐law‐based polar prediction methodology, utilizing a reference Reynolds number that is closer to the target value provides more accurate predictions for both lift and drag polars.
Pleijel’s Theorem for Schrödinger Operators
Authors: Charron Philippe , Léna Corentin
Published: February 2025

We are concerned in this paper with the real eigenfunctions of Schrödinger operators. We prove an asymptotic upper bound for the number of their nodal domains, which implies in particular that the inequality stated in Courant’s theorem is strict, except for finitely many eigenvalues. Results of this type originated in 1956 with Pleijel’s theorem on the Dirichlet Laplacian and were obtained for some classes of Schrödinger operators by the first author, alone and in collaboration with B. Helffer and T. Hoffmann-Ostenhof. Using methods in part inspired by work of the second author on Neumann and Robin Laplacians, we greatly extend the scope of these previous results.
Logistic growth in seasonally changing environments
Authors: Daners Daniel , Zeaiter Zeaiter
Published: February 2025

We consider a parameter dependent periodic-parabolic logistic problem with diffusion involving a degeneracy that replicates time dependent refuges in the habitat of a population. Working under no or very minimal assumptions on the boundary regularity of the domain we show the existence of a unique time-periodic solution which bifurcates with respect to the parameter and show their stability. We show that under suitable assumptions that the periodic solution blows up on part of the domain and remains finite on other parts when the parameter approaches a critical value.
Selective determination of 3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid in urine samples as gluten intake biomarker: high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with colorimetric detection
Authors: Martínez-Aviñó A. , Sanjuan-Navarro L. , Moliner-Martínez Yolanda , Roca M. , Ribes-Koninckx C. , Campins-Falco P.
Published: February 2025

The determination of biomarkers is a significant field of analytical chemistry research under continuous evolution that contributes to enhance diagnostics and enable more personalized medicine. Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disorder caused by the ingestion of gluten (Glu) proteins found in various cereals. Currently, the only effective way to prevent and manage potential complications is through a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). However, both intentional and unintentional dietary transgressions can occur, often leading to persistent symptoms and ineffective treatment. In this scenario, the development of analytical strategies to detect biomarkers of gluten intake and monitor adherence to a GFD is of significant interest. Herein, we present an analytical strategy based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with colorimetric detection to estimate 3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid (3,5-DHCA) as selective biomarker of Glu intake in urine. The approach combined Fast Blue (FB)-doped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane with colorimetric HPTLC (RP-C18) giving rise to a selective method to isolate 3,5-DHCA response in urine samples. Detection by visual inspection, image analysis, and spectroscopic response was evaluated and compared. Analytical parameters were estimated showing a good sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) ≤ 0.8 mg L−1) and precision, relative standard deviation (RSD) values < 7%. Analysis of urine samples of celiac patients and control patients was performed, and recovery studies showed satisfactory values (R > 80%). The preliminary results indicated correlation between Glu intake and positive 3,5-DHCA responses. This study demonstrated that FB-doped PDMS membranes-HPTLC is a promising tool for detecting dietary transgressions to the GFD by visual inspection, and subsequent quantitative analysis by image analysis and spectroscopic techniques. Hence, the proposed analytical method contributes to the advance of knowledge about celiac disease, which still remains an important challenge to our society.

Graphical abstract
Genicular Artery Embolization in Moderate to Severe Knee Osteoarthritis: Technique, Safety and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Taheri Amin A. , Frommhold I. , Huebner A. , Boschheidgen M. , Frenken M. , Jannusch K. , Tietz E. , Weiss D. , Wilms L. M. , Ziayee F. , Minko P.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and clinical outcomes of genicular artery embolization for knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Materials and Methods

A total of 43 patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee (Kellgren and Lawrence grades 2–4) were included in this prospective study. Peri-interventional data including vascular access, embolized target vessels, fluoroscopy time and radiation dose were collected. After 2-, 3- and 12-month pain scores, functional outcomes and adverse events were assessed through a standardized questionnaire.

Results

All embolizations were performed via a coaxial system consisting of a 4F Cobra catheter and a Microcatheter without the use of an introducer sheath. A mixture of contrast agent (Accupaque, GE, USA) and microspheres (Embosphere, Merit Medical, USA) was injected. At least three genicular branches were embolized per patient with following incidence: inferior lateral genicular artery (77%), superior lateral genicular artery (74%) and descending genicular artery (74%). The mean total volume of permanent embolic agent used was 3.6 ± 1.3 ml. The average fluoroscopy time was 29 ± 11 min, and radiation dose was 40.84 ± 26.21 Gy/cm2. During the 1-year follow-up, patients pain while walking showed an average reduction of 2.0 ± 0.5 points on the numeric rating scale (p < 0.0001), without any significant difference between different grades of osteoarthritis. Besides mild transient skin discolorations in four patients, no complications were observed.

Conclusion

Embolization of multiple genicular artery branches in a single session using microspheres in averaged doses higher than 2 ml total is safe and effective in reducing pain and improving functionality in patients with symptomatic OA, regardless of severity grade.

Graphical Abstract
Rare case of pure red cell aplasia secondary to smoldering multiple myeloma successfully treated with daratumumab – case report and review of the literature
Authors: Alharbi Malak , Bawek Sawyer , Lund Ian , Glenn Sean T. , Green Steven , Hassan Hamza , Qian You-Wen , Hillengass Jens
Published: February 2025

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare hematological disorder characterized by erythroid hypoplasia and maturation arrest in the bone marrow. We present a case of acquired PRCA secondary to smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), initially presenting as severe anemia requiring multiple blood transfusions. This case highlights the diagnostic dilemma at presentation as well as the therapeutic challenges in treating PRCA secondary to SMM. Here we discuss the appropriate workup and identify a potential option for managing these patients with subcutaenous daratumumab.
The Fungal and Protist Community as Affected by Tillage, Crop Residue Burning and N Fertilizer Application
Authors: Dendooven Luc , Pérez-Hernández Valentín , Gómez-Acata Selene , Verhulst Nele , Govaerts Bram , Luna-Guido Marco L. , Navarro-Noya Yendi E.
Published: February 2025

The bacterial community in soil is often affected by agricultural practices, but how they affect protists and fungi is less documented. Soil from treatments that combined different N fertilizer application rates, tillage and crop residue management was sampled from a field trial started by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) at the ‘Campo Experimental Norman E. Borlaug’ (CENEB) in the Yaqui Valley in the northwest of Mexico in the early 1990s, and the fungal and protist community determined. Tillage, residue burning, and N fertilizer application had no significant effect on the fungal and protists alpha diversity expressed as Hill numbers and no significant effect on the fungal and protist community structure considering all species. The relative abundance of plant pathogens and undefined saprotrophs as determined with FUNGuildR increased significantly with tillage, while that of dung-plant and dung-soil saprotroph, and plant pathogens by burning (P < 0.05). It was found that the protists and fungal community structures were not altered by different agricultural practices, but some fungal guilds were, i.e., plant pathogens and saprotrophs, which might affect soil organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling and crop growth.
Neuroendokrine Neoplasien
Authors: Chouchane Aziz , Bräutigam Konstantin , Perren Aurel
Published: February 2025

Neuroendokrine Tumoren (NET) sind eine bunte Gruppe von Neoplasien, die von neuroendokrinen Zellen im gesamten Körper ausgehen. Die NET-Diagnose stellt aufgrund ihrer vielfältigen Erscheinungsformen, Morphologie und biologischen Verhaltensweisen eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten für Allgemeinpathologen relevanten diagnostischen Prinzipien, und betont die Bedeutung eines multidisziplinären Ansatzes, der klinische, radiologische, histopathologische und immunhistochemische Daten integriert. Die Etablierung neuer Marker sowie jüngste Fortschritte in der molekularen Pathologie und die Anwendung von Klassifizierungssystemen werden erörtert, wobei deren Einfluss auf die Prognose und therapeutische Strategien hervorgehoben wird.
Fertilization with Humic Acids in Production Changes the Quality of Fresh and Stored Sweet Pepper Fruits (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Zamljen Tilen , Veberič Robert , Slatnar Ana
Published: February 2025

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of humic acid treatment on the physical and biochemical parameters of ‘Cuccino Orange’ pepper fruits before and after storage, which is crucial since the majority of peppers are stored and not sold directly after harvest. The application of humic acid did not result in any discernible changes in fruit length, width, or dry weight. However, it did significantly enhance pericarp thickness post-storage, particularly in the Humistar treatment, which was connected to higher water contents. The control (C) treatment exhibited the highest water loss, with a value of 5.2% after storage. The sugar composition of the samples exhibited alterations, with increased sucrose and decreased glucose observed in the C treatment, accompanied by reductions in total sugar in the biostimulant treatments. Significant decreases were observed in ascorbic and citric acids, while malic and tartaric acids exhibited increased levels in all treatments. Phenolic content analysis revealed that Humistar treatment exhibited increased total phenolics (31.8%) after storage compared to the control, indicating that humic acid may enhance phenolic accumulation. The specific phenolics, such as chlorogenic acid, exhibited variable changes, thereby highlighting the complex metabolic interactions. The results indicate that humic acid treatments can enhance post-harvest quality by improving structural integrity, water retention, and metabolic content, contributing to a longer shelf life and higher nutritional quality. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to extend these findings to other fruit types and storage conditions.
Correlation of a clinical activity index in comparison to frequently measured laboratory values in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Rapo Marja , Molander Pauliina , af Björkesten Clas-Göran , Pakarinen Suvi , Arkkila Perttu
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Several laboratory tests are used to monitor disease activity and possible complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Due to limited resources, it is important to identify patients who benefit the most from tight laboratory testing and follow-up. We sought to assess the correlation between a symptom-based clinical activity index and commonly monitored laboratory tests in a large patient population.

Methods

The Finnish IBD registry records a validated IBD symptom index questionnaire (IBD-SI) that measures disease activity and the influence of IBD on daily life in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The activity index was compared with the commonly measured laboratory values of fecal calprotectin (FC), hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Results

A total of 5044 IBD patients with 171,967 activity index measurement pairs were included. FC, Hb, and CRP correlated significantly with the activity index in both UC (Spearman’s r 0.383, −0.212, 0.175; p < 0.001) and CD (Spearman’s r 0.156, −0.176, 0.152; p < 0.001). No correlation between the activity index and ferritin (Spearman’s r 0.038 [UC], 0.005 [CD]; p = 0.020, p = 0.825) was found.

Conclusion

The activity index is a useful tool in the assessment of IBD activity. Active or inactive disease can be identified better, which may be beneficial in planning more personalized follow-up strategies. Tight monitoring of disease can be better targeted to the correct patient population, and the onset of disease flare may be caught at an earlier stage.
Limb-specific blood flow regulation during cycling exercise in traumatic single lower limb amputees
Authors: Pedrinolla Anna , Laginestra Fabio Giuseppe , Martignon Camilla , Cavedon Valentina , Fioraso Elisa , Biasiolo Caterina , Milanese Chiara , Schena Federico
Published: February 2025

Purpose

To investigate the limb-specific blood flow regulation during dynamic bilateral cycling exercise in individuals with traumatic single lower-limb amputation compared to a control group.

Methods

Seven individuals with single lower leg amputation (AMP) (37 ± 11 years, 11 ± 8 years since amputation) and 7 age-matched controls (Ctrl) (36 ± 10 years) were tested during three 5 min constant workload exercise at 60W, 100W, and 80% of peak power output (PPO), on a reclined cycling ergometer. In AMP, femoral blood flow (FBF) and leg vascular conductance (LVC) were measured in the amputated leg (AL) and whole leg (WL), while in Ctrl, the same measurements were obtained in the right and left legs. Interlimb balance was measured with a power meter, and bilateral asymmetry index was calculated for FBF and interlimb balance. Oxygen consumption (

$$\dot{V}$$

V
˙

O2), ventilation (

$${\dot{V}}_{E}$$

V
˙

E

), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO) were also quantified.

Results

AMP exhibited lower FBF in AL compared to WL (60W, − 61%; 100W, -69%; 80% PPO, − 64%; p < 0.001). LVC increased as expected in WL but did not increase significantly throughout workloads in AL. Interlimb balance exhibited a much higher contribution of the WL (60W, 76% of the work; 100W, 68%; 80% PPO,65%) than AL (60W, 26%; 100W, 34%; 80% PPO, 35%). No differences were found in FBF (p = 0.187), LVC (p = 0.871), and interlimb balance (p = 0.829) in CTRLs. No difference between AMP and CTRL in

$$V$$

V

O2 (p = 0.241),

$${\dot{V}}_{E}$$

V
˙

E

(p = 0.124), MAP (p = 0.186), HR (p = 0.360), and CO (p = 0.144) at any workload was detected.

Conclusion

Individuals with amputation present considerable limb-specific blood flow regulation during bilateral cycling exercise. Understanding the mechanisms for this interlimb difference may provide important information to improve rehabilitation and training in this population.
Early Allograft Dysfunction after liver transplantation– definition, incidence and relevance in a single-centre analysis
Authors: Wiemann Bengt A. , Beetz Oliver , Weigle Clara A. , Tessmer Philipp , Störzer Simon , Kleine-Döpke Dennis , Vondran Florian W. R. , Richter Nicolas , Schmelzle Moritz , Oldhafer Felix
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Early Allograft Dysfunction (EAD) is a serious complication following liver transplantation. With more marginal donors and critical recipients, identifying EAD risk factors and their impact on long-term outcomes is crucial.

Methods

We reviewed all liver transplants performed between 2007 and 2017 at our institution, excluding pediatric recipients, combined thoracic transplants, and retransplants in the same hospital stay. EAD was defined as either: (i) AST/ALT > 2000 IU/l in first 7 postoperative days (POD), (ii) Bilirubin ≥ 10 mg/dl on POD 7, (iii) INR ≥ 1.6 on POD 7.

Results

Of the 621 cases analyzed, the EAD rate was 53.6%. Multivariate analysis identified only donor-dependent variables as independent risk factors for the onset of EAD: donor age (p = 0.012), donor serum sodium (p = 0.021), cold ischemic time (p = 0.007) and graft weight (p < 0.001). EAD significantly impaired graft survival (69.2% vs. 86.2% after 1 year; p = 0.005) but did not impact long-term patient survival (76.3% vs. 87.6% after 1 year; p = 0.162). Of the EAD components, elevated INR proved to be the only reliable predictor of patient mortality. Additionally, an AST/ALT concentration of > 4000 IU/l significantly improved the predictive value of the EAD definition for patient survival (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

EAD risk factors are primarily donor-based and significantly impair graft but not patient survival. The high EAD rates and increased use of marginal grafts suggest the need to adjust conventional EAD definitions to optimize graft allocation in the future
Investigation of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls with familial Mediterranean fever: a comparative study with healthy controls
Authors: Demirkan Fatma Gül , Yetim Şahin Aylin , Çakmak Figen , Akgün Özlem , Guliyeva Vafa , Tuğrul Aksakal Melike Zeynep , Baş Firdevs , Aktay Ayaz Nuray
Published: February 2025

Perimenstrual attacks have been reported in up to 15% of patients with FMF, suggesting that menstruation may be a trigger for FMF attacks. The aim of this study was to investigate menstrual period patterns and dysmenorrhea in adolescents with FMF in comparison to their healthy peers. This cross-sectional case–control study included 73 FMF patients and 70 age- and body mass index-matched controls. A structured questionnaire was designed to assess menstrual history, the frequency and severity of dysmenorrhea, symptoms related to dysmenorrhea, and the clinical features of FMF attacks. Dysmenorrhea was present in 90.4% of patients and 95.7% of controls (p = 0.32). Pain was reported during every cycle or every two cycles by 83.3% of patients versus 65.6% of controls (p = 0.02). Fever (27.4% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.01) was significantly more frequent in patients, while musculoskeletal symptoms (46.6% vs. 66.2%, p = 0.02), fatigue (53.4% vs. 83.8%, p < 0.001), and sleep disturbances (19.2% vs. 50.7%, p < 0.001) were more common in controls. Notably, FMF patients reported heavier bleeding episodes with higher number of sanitary pads used during menstruation (p = 0.001). Menstruation-associated FMF attacks were reported by 37% of patients, with 14.8% experiencing them every cycle. Exon 10 variants were present in 86.3% of cases, with 23.3% being homozygous. The frequency and character of dysmenorrhea did not differ significantly according to genetic profiles. Conclusions: This study is the first to investigate menstrual patterns and dysmenorrhea symptoms in adolescent FMF patients compared to their healthy peers. Dysmenorrhea is prevalent in FMF patients with distinct menstrual characteristics, including more frequent fever and heavier bleeding.

What is Known:
• 
Menstruation may trigger Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) attacks in a subset of patients, but the relationship between FMF and dysmenorrhea remains unclear.• 
Some studies suggest that inflammation associated with FMF could contribute to menstrual pain and abnormalities, but comprehensive data in adolescents are limited.

What is New:
• 
This study is the first to compare menstrual patterns and dysmenorrhea characteristics between adolescent FMF patients and healthy controls, highlighting distinct menstrual symptoms in FMF patients.• 
FMF patients experience more frequent febrile episodes and heavier menstrual bleeding compared to their healthy peers, but dysmenorrhea characteristics are not influenced by specific MEFV gene mutations.
Mixed reality representation of hazard zones while collaborating with a robot: sense of control over own safety
Authors: San Martin Ane , Kildal Johan , Lazkano Elena
Published: February 2025

Safety is the main concern in human-robot collaboration (HRC) in work environments. Standard safety measures based on reducing robot speed affect productivity of collaboration, and do not inform workers adequately about the state of the robot, leading to stressful situations due to uncertainty. To grant the user control over safety, we investigate using audio, visual and audio-visual mixed reality displays that inform about the boundaries of zones with different levels of hazard. We describe the design of the hazard displays for scenario of collaboration with a real robot. We then report an experimental user study with 24 users, comparing performance and user experience (UX) obtained with the auditory display, the visual display, and the audio-visual display resulting from combining both. Findings suggest that all modalities are suitable for HRC scenarios, warranting similar performance during collaboration. However, distinct qualitative results were observed between displays, indicating differences in the UX obtained.
Efficacy and safety of diffusing alpha-emitter radiation therapy (DaRT) for head and neck cancer recurrence after radiotherapy
Authors: Yoshimura Ryo-ichi , Toda Kazuma , Watanabe Hiroshi , Miura Masahiko , Notake Ryoichi , Murakami Naoya , Igaki Hiroshi , Nakamura Satoshi , Umezawa Rei , Kadoya Noriyuki , Jingu Keiichi , Itami Jun
Published: February 2025

Background

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of diffusing alpha-emitter radiation therapy (DaRT) for recurrent head and neck cancer (rHNC) after radiotherapy.

Methods

This study was a multicenter prospective clinical trial. Eligibility criteria included all patients with biopsy-proven rHNC and history of radiotherapy. The efficacy of DaRT was evaluated in terms of tumor shrinkage after 10 weeks of DaRT seed implantation. To assess safety of DaRT, radioactivity levels in blood and urine were measured, and incidence and grade of adverse events (AEs) were evaluated.

Results

Between 2019 and 2021, DaRT was performed in 11 patients and completed in 10 patients with 11 tumors. The tumor sites included the tongue (n = 3), buccal mucosa (2), lips (2), floor of the mouth (1), soft palate (1), nose (1), and subcutaneous layer (1). Nine tumors were confirmed to be squamous cell carcinoma, and the remaining two tumors were basal cell carcinoma and neuroblastoma. Complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) were observed in three and six patients, respectively. The response rate was 81.8%. The maximum average radioactivity levels in blood and urine were 42.5 Bq/cm3 and 8.4 Bq/cm3, respectively, on the second day after implantation. Forty AEs were observed in all 11 patients, including 22 Grade 1 AEs, 16 Grade 2, and 2 Grade 3 (hypertension and seed remnants).

Conclusion

The initial response of rHNC after radiotherapy to DaRT was favorable, and the incidence and grade of AEs were acceptable, as compared to existing therapies.
Atmospheric Dispersion Downstream a Two-Dimensional Obstacle: Experimental Evaluation of Turbulence Closure Models
Authors: Salizzoni Pietro , Fellini Sofia , Gamel Hervé , Marro Massimo , Soulhac Lionel
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the turbulent dispersion of pollutants in the wake of a two-dimensional square obstacle. Utilizing Laser Doppler Anemometry and Particle Image Velocimetry, we characterized the flow dynamics, identifying a recirculation zone downstream of the obstacle, marked by high shear and increased turbulent viscosity, and playing a crucial role in turbulent momentum exchange. We evaluated the turbulence kinetic energy budget, estimating its dissipation rate, and found traditional isotropy and Taylor hypothesis methods inadequate within the wake region. Furthermore, we explored pollutant dispersion from a linear source located downstream the obstacle. Analysis of mean concentration and variance revealed that the log-normal distribution is most effective for modelling concentrations within the recirculating region, while the Gamma distribution suits areas outside it. Testing various closure models for turbulent mass fluxes highlighted the limitations of the Simplified Gradient Diffusion Hypothesis model, favouring more complex closure models for longitudinal trends, though these still faced challenges with intensity estimation. The Simplified Gradient Diffusion Hypothesis model proved robust for vertical mass fluxes, with satisfactory results in turbulent diffusivity and turbulent Schmidt number calculations. The experimental results serve as a benchmark for validating numerical simulations and assessing the accuracy of closure models typically employed in pollutant dispersion modelling.
Lack of induced chemical changes in leaves of susceptible alternate hosts of Cronartium spp. after inoculation by Cronartium pini and C. ribicola
Authors: Piispanen Juha , Bergmann Ulrich , Karhu Jouni , Kauppila Tuomas , Witzell Johanna , Kaitera Juha
Published: February 2025

Phenolic compounds, known for their antioxidant and antifungal properties may be connected to infection processes of Cronartium rusts in alternate host plants. We studied changes in leaf chemistry after Cronartium inoculation on susceptible alternate hosts of C. pini and C. ribicola. Impatiens balsamina and Paeonia lactiflora were inoculated with C. pini, and R. nigrum with C. ribicola in the greenhouse. Leaves of the inoculated plants were harvested 3 and 6 days after inoculation for chemical analysis, which was done using LC–MS (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry). Species-specific differences were found in dominant phenolics ferulic acid, hyperoside, quercitrin, and rutin. Rust inoculation produced limited changes in phenolic concentrations, with significant increases only in p-coumaric acid in I. balsamina and rutin in R. nigrum. Significant post-inoculation decrease was found in several cases. While phenolic fluctuations varied by species and incubation time, there was no significant interaction between inoculation and incubation time, suggesting the absence of induced phenolic accumulation during early infection stages. The results support the hypothesis that susceptible alternate hosts exhibit weak, delayed phenolic defenses, possibly due to rust virulence factors suppressing these responses. Indirectly, they provide support for the defensive role of phenolics in resistant congeneric hosts, emphasizing also the importance of further molecular studies to explore plant defense mechanisms against rust pathogens.
VIRL: Volume-Informed Representation Learning towards few-shot manufacturability estimation
Authors: Chen Yu-hsuan , Cagan Jonathan , Kara Levent Burak
Published: February 2025

Designing for manufacturing poses significant challenges in part due to the computation bottleneck of Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) simulations. Although deep learning as an alternative offers fast inference, its performance is dependently bounded by the need for abundant training data. Representation learning, particularly through pre-training, offers promise for few-shot learning, aiding in manufacturability tasks where data can be limited. This work introduces VIRL, a Volume-Informed Representation Learning approach to pre-train a 3D geometric encoder. The pretrained model is evaluated across four manufacturability indicators obtained from CAM simulations: subtractive machining (SM) time, additive manufacturing (AM) time, residual von Mises stress, and blade collisions during Laser Power Bed Fusion process. Across all case studies, the model pre-trained by VIRL shows substantial enhancements in generalizability, as measured by R2 regression results, with improved performance on limited data and superior predictive accuracy with larger datasets. Regarding deployment strategy, case-specific phenomenon exists where finetuning VIRL-pretrained models adversely affects AM tasks with limited data but benefits SM time prediction. Moreover, the efficacy of Low-rank adaptation (LoRA), which balances between probing and finetuning, is explored. LoRA shows stable performance akin to probing with limited data, while achieving a higher upper bound than probing as data size increases, without the computational costs of finetuning. Furthermore, static normalization of manufacturing indicators consistently performs well across tasks, while dynamic normalization enhances performance when a reliable task dependent input is available.
Time-Spatial Job Crafting and Other Self-Regulation Strategies in Hybrid Work: The Impact of a Self-Training Intervention
Authors: Demerouti Evangelia
Published: February 2025

Hybrid work presents a challenge to employees’ self-regulation skills, requiring them to effectively manage their working time and location while balancing energy between professional and personal activities. The present study introduces a brief, multi-component, self-training intervention for hybrid workers based on solid theory for the choice of trained behaviors and for achieving change and examines whether the trained self-regulation strategies, i.e., time-spatial crafting, work-home domain management, and psychological energy preservation explain improvement on two distal outcomes, namely work engagement and goal attainment. Using a pretest–posttest intervention with a control group (intervention group: N = 39, control group N = 46) and cluster randomization, the training was executed over six consecutive workdays. The self-training included information about self-regulation strategies, reflection exercises, and five daily assignments. Results of multilevel analyses showed that the training effectively increased work-home facilitation and relaxation, which consequently explained increases in goal attainment and, in the case of work-home facilitation, work engagement. Moreover, univariate tests indicated the effectiveness of the training to stimulate time-spatial crafting. The results imply that self-regulating strategies are essential to improve valuable outcomes during hybrid work and can be trained.
Research Assessment Reform as Collective Action Problem: Contested Framings of Research System Transformation
Authors: Rushforth Alexander
Published: February 2025

The rise of managerial logics in research policy and universities in many countries over the past decades, has met with concerns and criticisms about dysfunctional effects of research evaluation and indicator regimes. Recently, concerted trans-national and national reform efforts have emerged seeking collective action to redress this complex, multi-level issue. For some actors in science systems, however, research assessment reform threatens the common good. In this study, I describe and theorize the contours of public debates in the Netherlands, over its national initiative for research assessment reform, Recognition and Rewards. Formally launched in 2019 to coordinate system-wide changes in assessment practices across the Dutch science system, the initiative has so far proved effective in uniting support from multiple influential national stakeholders. Simultaneously, though, it has provoked criticisms and animated debates, with concerns raised over the Netherlands ‘going it alone’ in pursuing reforms. This study makes two original contributions. The first is conceptual: drawing on a collective action frames perspective, I analyze a large corpus of publicly available documents and statements and provide a framework for navigating how the case for collective action on assessment reform is constructed and contested. The second contribution is to call for expanding the agenda of science studies, where existing literature remains centered on critiquing performance indicators and the excellence regime. I argue a new research focus is urgently needed, focusing on the emerging realities, value conflicts, and ambiguities catalyzed by research assessment reform movements.