bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemoradiotherapy with extended nodal irradiation and/or erlotinib in locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell cancer: long-term update of a randomised phase 3 trial
Authors: Xie Congying , Jing Zhao , Luo Honglei , Jiang Wei , Ma Li , Hu Wei , Zheng Anping , Li Duojie , Ding Lingyu , Zhang Hongyan , Xie Conghua , Lian Xilong , Du Dexi , Chen Ming , Bian Xiuhua , Tan Bangxian , Xia Bing , Xie Ruifei , Liu Qing , Wang Lvhua , Wu Shixiu
Published: September 2020

Background

To report the long-term outcomes of a phase III trial designed to test two hypotheses: (1) elective nodal irradiation (ENI) is superior to conventional field irradiation (CFI), and (2) chemoradiotherapy plus erlotinib is superior to chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC).

Methods

Patients with locally advanced ESCC were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1 ratio) to one of the four groups: A: radiotherapy adoption of ENI with two cycles of concurrent TP chemotherapy (paclitaxel and cisplatin) plus erlotinib; B: radiotherapy adoption of ENI with two cycles of concurrent TP; C: radiotherapy adoption of CFI with two cycles of concurrent TP plus erlotinib and D: radiotherapy adoption of CFI with two cycles of concurrent TP. A total of 60 Gy of radiation doses was delivered over 30 fractions. We explored the impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression on the efficacy of erlotinib plus chemoradiotherapy.

Results

A total of 352 patients (88 assigned to each treatment group) were enrolled. The 5-year survival rates were 44.9%, 34.8%, 33.8% and 19.6% in groups A, B, C and D, respectively (P = 0.013). ENI significantly improved OS compared with standard CFI (median, 38.5 vs 22.6 months; HR, 0.74;P = 0.018). The addition of erlotinib significantly improved OS (median, 39.4 vs 27.4 months; HR, 0.75;P = 0.025). Patients with overexpressing EGFR treated with erlotinib had a better OS and PFS than those without erlotinib.

Conclusions

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with ENI and/or erlotinib improved long-term survival in locally advanced ESCC.

Clinical trial registration

Trial registration: NCT00686114.
Bip inhibition in glioma stem cells promotes radiation-induced immunogenic cell death
Authors: Yang Wei , Xiu Zenghe , He Yuping , Huang Wenpeng , Li Yanyan , Sun Ting
Published: September 2020

Tumor regression in sites distant to the irradiated field are thought to be associated with emission of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) molecules and generation of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are resistant to high doses of radiation, and ultimately select the outgrowth of a more aggressive tumor. This study showed high-dose IR triggered fewer DAMPs molecules exposure and release in GSCs comparing to matched non-GSCs. Downregulation of binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip) promoted IR-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress to generate DAMPs molecules by PERK and IRE1-α phosphorylation, and increased dendritic cells mature and effector T lymphocytes activation. GSCs treated with Bip knockdown and IR efficiently prevented tumor generation, and reduced post-radiotherapy tumor recurrence. These data suggest that Bip plays a critical role in inhibition of IR-induced ICD in GSCs, and Bip inhibition may be a promising strategy on adjuvant therapy by ameliorating tumor immune microenvironment.
A novel epigenetic regulation of circFoxp1 on Foxp1 in colon cancer cells
Authors: Luo Yanwei , Liu Fengxia , Ma Jinqi , Fu Yunfeng , Gui Rong
Published: September 2020

Foxp1 is a tumor suppressor in colon cancer. However, circFoxp1 derived from Foxp1 is an oncogene. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of circFoxp1 in colon cancer and the regulatory mechanism between circFoxp1 and Foxp1. 78 human colon tumor tissues and the matched paracancerous tissues were collected. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, quantitative methylation-specific PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, CCK-8 assay, and Tumor xenograft in nude mice were performed. The expression of circFoxp1 was increased and Foxp1 was reduced in colon cancer tissues, which were associated with a poor overall survival rate of the patients with colon cancer. CircFoxp1 recruited DNMT1 to the promoter of Foxp1, leading to promotor hypermethylation, thereby inhibiting Foxp1 transcription. Interfering circFoxp1 by siRNA in SW620 cells significantly inhibited cell viability, while knockdown Foxp1 expression partially restored SW620 cell viability. In addition, knockdown of circFoxp1 significantly sensitized colon cancer cells to Capecitabine in vitro and vivo through regulating Foxp1. We discovered a novel epigenetic pathway that circFoxp1 regulated Foxp1 in colon cancer cells. CircFoxp1 may regulate DNA methylation and demethylation to coordinate colon cancer cell proliferation and participate in chemotherapy drug responses. Therefore, circFoxp1 may be a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer.
Transferring structural knowledge across cognitive maps in humans and models
Authors: Mark Shirley , Moran Rani , Parr Thomas , Kennerley Steve W. , Behrens Timothy E. J.
Published: September 2020

Relations between task elements often follow hidden underlying structural forms such as periodicities or hierarchies, whose inferences fosters performance. However, transferring structural knowledge to novel environments requires flexible representations that are generalizable over particularities of the current environment, such as its stimuli and size. We suggest that humans represent structural forms as abstract basis sets and that in novel tasks, the structural form is inferred and the relevant basis set is transferred. Using a computational model, we show that such representation allows inference of the underlying structural form, important task states, effective behavioural policies and the existence of unobserved state-trajectories. In two experiments, participants learned three abstract graphs during two successive days. We tested how structural knowledge acquired on Day-1 affected Day-2 performance. In line with our model, participants who had a correct structural prior were able to infer the existence of unobserved state-trajectories and appropriate behavioural policies.
Summer warming explains widespread but not uniform greening in the Arctic tundra biome
Authors: Berner Logan T. , Massey Richard , Jantz Patrick , Forbes Bruce C. , Macias-Fauria Marc , Myers-Smith Isla , Kumpula Timo , Gauthier Gilles , Andreu-Hayles Laia , Gaglioti Benjamin V. , Burns Patrick , Zetterberg Pentti , D’Arrigo Rosanne , Goetz Scott J.
Published: September 2020

Arctic warming can influence tundra ecosystem function with consequences for climate feedbacks, wildlife and human communities. Yet ecological change across the Arctic tundra biome remains poorly quantified due to field measurement limitations and reliance on coarse-resolution satellite data. Here, we assess decadal changes in Arctic tundra greenness using time series from the 30 m resolution Landsat satellites. From 1985 to 2016 tundra greenness increased (greening) at ~37.3% of sampling sites and decreased (browning) at ~4.7% of sampling sites. Greening occurred most often at warm sampling sites with increased summer air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture, while browning occurred most often at cold sampling sites that cooled and dried. Tundra greenness was positively correlated with graminoid, shrub, and ecosystem productivity measured at field sites. Our results support the hypothesis that summer warming stimulated plant productivity across much, but not all, of the Arctic tundra biome during recent decades.
Indian Ocean warming as a driver of the North Atlantic warming hole
Authors: Hu Shineng , Fedorov Alexey V.
Published: September 2020

Over the past century, the subpolar North Atlantic experienced slight cooling or suppressed warming, relative to the background positive temperature trends, often dubbed the North Atlantic warming hole (NAWH). The causes of the NAWH remain under debate. Here we conduct coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations to demonstrate that enhanced Indian Ocean warming, another salient feature of global warming, could increase local rainfall and through teleconnections strengthen surface westerly winds south of Greenland, cooling the subpolar North Atlantic. In decades to follow however, this cooling effect would gradually vanish as the Indian Ocean warming acts to strengthen the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). We argue that the historical NAWH can potentially be explained by such atmospheric mechanisms reliant on surface wind changes, while oceanic mechanisms related to AMOC changes become more important on longer timescales. Thus, explaining the North Atlantic temperature trends and particularly the NAWH requires considering both atmospheric and oceanic mechanisms.
VAV2 signaling promotes regenerative proliferation in both cutaneous and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lorenzo-Martín L. Francisco , Fernández-Parejo Natalia , Menacho-Márquez Mauricio , Rodríguez-Fdez Sonia , Robles-Valero Javier , Zumalave Sonia , Fabbiano Salvatore , Pascual Gloria , García-Pedrero Juana M. , Abad Antonio , García-Macías María C. , González Nazareno , Lorenzano-Menna Pablo , Pavón Miguel A. , González-Sarmiento Rogelio , Segrelles Carmen , Paramio Jesús M. , Tubío José M. C. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Benitah Salvador A. , Cuadrado Myriam , Bustelo Xosé R.
Published: September 2020

Regenerative proliferation capacity and poor differentiation are histological features usually linked to poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnSCC). However, the pathways that regulate them remain ill-characterized. Here, we show that those traits can be triggered by the RHO GTPase activator VAV2 in keratinocytes present in the skin and oral mucosa. VAV2 is also required to maintain those traits in hnSCC patient-derived cells. This function, which is both catalysis- and RHO GTPase-dependent, is mediated by c-Myc- and YAP/TAZ-dependent transcriptomal programs associated with regenerative proliferation and cell undifferentiation, respectively. High levels of VAV2 transcripts and VAV2-regulated gene signatures are both associated with poor hnSCC patient prognosis. These results unveil a druggable pathway linked to the malignancy of specific SCC subtypes.
A diploid assembly-based benchmark for variants in the major histocompatibility complex
Authors: Chin Chen-Shan , Wagner Justin , Zeng Qiandong , Garrison Erik , Garg Shilpa , Fungtammasan Arkarachai , Rautiainen Mikko , Aganezov Sergey , Kirsche Melanie , Zarate Samantha , Schatz Michael C. , Xiao Chunlin , Rowell William J. , Markello Charles , Farek Jesse , Sedlazeck Fritz J. , Bansal Vikas , Yoo Byunggil , Miller Neil , Zhou Xin , Carroll Andrew , Barrio Alvaro Martinez , Salit Marc , Marschall Tobias , Dilthey Alexander T. , Zook Justin M.
Published: September 2020

Most human genomes are characterized by aligning individual reads to the reference genome, but accurate long reads and linked reads now enable us to construct accurate, phased de novo assemblies. We focus on a medically important, highly variable, 5 million base-pair (bp) region where diploid assembly is particularly useful - the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Here, we develop a human genome benchmark derived from a diploid assembly for the openly-consented Genome in a Bottle sample HG002. We assemble a single contig for each haplotype, align them to the reference, call phased small and structural variants, and define a small variant benchmark for the MHC, covering 94% of the MHC and 22368 variants smaller than 50 bp, 49% more variants than a mapping-based benchmark. This benchmark reliably identifies errors in mapping-based callsets, and enables performance assessment in regions with much denser, complex variation than regions covered by previous benchmarks.
Observation of the polaronic character of excitons in a two-dimensional semiconducting magnet CrI3
Authors: Jin Wencan , Kim Hyun Ho , Ye Zhipeng , Ye Gaihua , Rojas Laura , Luo Xiangpeng , Yang Bowen , Yin Fangzhou , Horng Jason Shih An , Tian Shangjie , Fu Yang , Xu Gongjun , Deng Hui , Lei Hechang , Tsen Adam W. , Sun Kai , He Rui , Zhao Liuyan
Published: September 2020

Exciton dynamics can be strongly affected by lattice vibrations through electron-phonon coupling. This is rarely explored in two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors. Focusing on bilayer CrI3, we first show the presence of strong electron-phonon coupling through temperature-dependent photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy. We then report the observation of periodic broad modes up to the 8th order in Raman spectra, attributed to the polaronic character of excitons. We establish that this polaronic character is dominated by the coupling between the charge-transfer exciton at 1.96 eV and a longitudinal optical phonon at 120.6 cm−1. We further show that the emergence of long-range magnetic order enhances the electron-phonon coupling strength by ~50% and that the transition from layered antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic order tunes the spectral intensity of the periodic broad modes, suggesting a strong coupling among the lattice, charge and spin in two-dimensional CrI3. Our study opens opportunities for tailoring light-matter interactions in two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors.
Author Correction: Data augmentation in microscopic images for material data mining
Authors: Ma Boyuan , Wei Xiaoyan , Liu Chuni , Ban Xiaojuan , Huang Haiyou , Wang Hao , Xue Weihua , Wu Stephen , Gao Mingfei , Shen Qing , Mukeshimana Michele , Abuassba Adnan Omer , Shen Haokai , Su Yanjing
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Assessing magnetic and inductive thermal properties of various surfactants functionalised Fe3O4 nanoparticles for hyperthermia
Authors: Rajan Arunima , Sharma Madhulika , Sahu Niroj Kumar
Published: September 2020

This work reports the fabrication of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with various biocompatible surfactants such as glutamic acid (GA), citric acid (CA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP), ethylene diamine (EDA) and cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) via co-precipitation method and their comparative inductive heating ability for hyperthermia (HT) applications. X-ray and electron diffraction analyses validated the formation of well crystallined inverse spinel structured Fe3O4 NPs (crystallite size of ~ 8–10 nm). Magnetic studies confirmed the superparamagnetic (SPM) behaviour for all the NPs with substantial magnetisation (63–68 emu/g) and enhanced magnetic susceptibility is attributed to the greater number of occupations of Fe2+ ions in the lattice as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, distinctive heating response (specific absorption rate, SAR from 130 to 44 W/g) of NPs with similar size and magnetisation is observed. The present study was successful in establishing a direct correlation between relaxation time (~ 9.42–15.92 ns) and heating efficiency of each surface functionalised NPs. Moreover, heat dissipated in different surface grafted NPs is found to be dependent on magnetic susceptibility, magnetic anisotropy and magnetic relaxation time. These results open very promising avenues to design surface functionalised magnetite NPs for effective HT applications.
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-based control with an implanted brain–computer interface
Authors: Leinders Sacha , Vansteensel Mariska J. , Branco Mariana P. , Freudenburg Zac V. , Pels Elmar G. M. , Van der Vijgh Benny , Van Zandvoort Martine J. E. , Ramsey Nicolas F. , Aarnoutse Erik J.
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of using the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a signal source for brain–computer interface control in people with severe motor impairment. We implanted two individuals with locked-in syndrome with a chronic brain–computer interface designed to restore independent communication. The implanted system (Utrecht NeuroProsthesis) included electrode strips placed subdurally over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In both participants, counting backwards activated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex consistently over the course of 47 and 22 months, respectively. Moreover, both participants were able to use this signal to control a cursor in one dimension, with average accuracy scores of 78 ± 9% (standard deviation) and 71 ± 11% (chance level: 50%), respectively. Brain–computer interface control based on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity is feasible in people with locked-in syndrome and may become of relevance for those unable to use sensorimotor signals for control.
Regulation of degenerative spheroids after injury
Authors: Yong Yu , Gamage Kanchana , Cushman Courtny , Spano Anthony , Deppmann Christopher
Published: September 2020

Neuronal injury leads to rapid, programmed disintegration of axons distal to the site of lesion. Much like other forms of axon degeneration (e.g. developmental pruning, toxic insult from neurodegenerative disorder), Wallerian degeneration associated with injury is preceded by spheroid formation along axons. The mechanisms by which injury leads to formation of spheroids and whether these spheroids have a functional role in degeneration remain elusive. Here, using neonatal mouse primary sympathetic neurons, we investigate the roles of players previously implicated in the progression of Wallerian degeneration in injury-induced spheroid formation. We find that intra-axonal calcium flux is accompanied by actin-Rho dependent growth of calcium rich axonal spheroids that eventually rupture, releasing material to the extracellular space prior to catastrophic axon degeneration. Importantly, after injury, Sarm1−/− and DR6−/−, but not Wlds (excess NAD+) neurons, are capable of forming spheroids that eventually rupture, releasing their contents to the extracellular space to promote degeneration. Supplementation of exogenous NAD+ or expressing WLDs suppresses Rho-dependent spheroid formation and degeneration in response to injury. Moreover, injured or trophically deprived Sarm1−/− and DR6−/−, but not Wlds neurons, are resistant to degeneration induced by conditioned media collected from wild-type axons after spheroid rupture. Taken together, these findings place Rho-actin and NAD+ upstream of spheroid formation and may suggest that other mediators of degeneration, such as DR6 and SARM1, mediate post-spheroid rupture events that lead to catastrophic axon disassembly.
Body temperature-dependent microRNA expression analysis in rats: rno-miR-374-5p regulates apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells via Mex3B under hypothermia
Authors: Umehara Takahiro , Kagawa Shinichiro , Tomida Aiko , Murase Takehiko , Abe Yuki , Shingu Keita , Ikematsu Kazuya
Published: September 2020

Forensic diagnosis of fatal hypothermia is considered difficult because there are no specific findings. Accordingly, exploration of novel fatal hypothermia-specific findings is important. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of homeostasis in hypothermia and identify novel molecular markers to inform the diagnosis of fatal hypothermia, we focused on microRNA expression in skeletal muscle, which plays a role in cold-induced thermogenesis in mammals. We generated rat models of mild, moderate, and severe hypothermia, and performed body temperature-dependent microRNA expression analysis of the iliopsoas muscle using microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results show that rno-miR-374-5p expression was significantly induced only by severe hypothermia. Luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR results indicated that Mex3B expression was regulated by rno-miR-374-5p and decreased with decreasing body temperature. Gene ontology analysis indicated the involvement of Mex3B in positive regulation of GTPase activity. siRNA analysis showed that Mex3B directly or indirectly regulated Kras expression in vitro, and significantly changed the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins. Collectively, these results indicate that rno-miR-374-5p was activated by a decrease in body temperature, whereby it contributed to cell survival by suppressing Mex3B and activating or inactivating Kras. Thus, rno-miR-374-5p is a potential supporting marker for the diagnosis of fatal hypothermia.
Forensic tracers of exposure to produced water in freshwater mussels: a preliminary assessment of Ba, Sr, and cyclic hydrocarbons
Authors: Piotrowski Paulina K. , Tasker Travis L. , Geeza Thomas J. , McDevitt Bonnie , Gillikin David P. , Warner Nathaniel R. , Dorman Frank L.
Published: September 2020

Hydraulic fracturing is often criticized due in part to the potential degradation of ground and surface water quality by high-salinity produced water generated during well stimulation and production. This preliminary study evaluated the response of the freshwater mussel, Elliptio complanata, after exposure to produced water. A limited number of adult mussels were grown over an 8-week period in tanks dosed with produced water collected from a hydraulically fractured well. The fatty tissue and carbonate shells were assessed for accumulation of both inorganic and organic pollutants. Ba, Sr, and cyclic hydrocarbons indicated the potential to accumulate in the soft tissue of freshwater mussels following exposure to diluted oil and gas produced water. Exposed mussels showed accumulation of Ba in the soft tissue several hundred times above background water concentrations and increased concentrations of Sr. Cyclic hydrocarbons were detected in dosed mussels and principle component analysis of gas chromatograph time-of-flight mass spectrometer results could be a novel tool to help identify areas where aquatic organisms are impacted by oil and gas produced water, but larger studies with greater replication are necessary to confirm these results.
Prediction of age-related macular degeneration disease using a sequential deep learning approach on longitudinal SD-OCT imaging biomarkers
Authors: Banerjee Imon , de Sisternes Luis , Hallak Joelle A. , Leng Theodore , Osborne Aaron , Rosenfeld Philip J. , Gregori Giovanni , Durbin Mary , Rubin Daniel
Published: September 2020

We propose a hybrid sequential prediction model called “Deep Sequence”, integrating radiomics-engineered imaging features, demographic, and visual factors, with a recursive neural network (RNN) model in the same platform to predict the risk of exudation within a future time-frame in non-exudative AMD eyes. The proposed model provides scores associated with risk of exudation in the short term (within 3 months) and long term (within 21 months), handling challenges related to variability of OCT scan characteristics and the size of the training cohort. We used a retrospective clinical trial dataset that includes 671 AMD fellow eyes with 13,954 observations before any signs of exudation for training and validation in a tenfold cross validation setting. Deep Sequence achieved high performance for the prediction of exudation within 3 months (0.96 ± 0.02 AUCROC) and within 21 months (0.97 ± 0.02 AUCROC) on cross-validation. Training the proposed model on this clinical trial dataset and testing it on an external real-world clinical dataset showed high performance for the prediction within 3-months (0.82 AUCROC) but a clear decrease in performance for the prediction within 21-months (0.68 AUCROC). While performance differences at longer time intervals may be derived from dataset differences, we believe that the high performance and generalizability achieved in short-term predictions may have a high clinical impact allowing for optimal patient follow-up, adding the possibility of more frequent, detailed screening and tailored treatments for those patients with imminent risk of exudation.
Regulation of Ras homolog family member G by microRNA-124 regulates proliferation and migration of human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Jun Jong Hwa , Son Myeong-Jin , Lee Hyun-Gyo , Shim Kyu Young , Baek Won-Ki , Kim Jae-Young , Joo Choun-Ki
Published: September 2020

Uncontrolled retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell proliferation/migration contribute to the pathological tractional membrane development in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Recent studies reported that microRNA (miR)-124 controls various cellular functions via the direct targeting of small Ras homolog family member G (RHOG). Therefore, we investigated the role of the neuron-specific miR-124 and RHOG in RPE cell proliferation/migration. Alterations in miR-124 and RhoG expression, as per cell confluence were evaluated through quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. After transfection with miR-124, we quantified RPE cell viability and migration and observed cell polarization and lamellipodia protrusions. We evaluated the expression of RHOG/RAC1 pathway molecules in miR-124-transfected RPE cells. Endogenous miR-124 expression increased proportionally to RPE cell density, but decreased after 100% confluence. Overexpression of miR-124 decreased cell viability and migration, BrdU incorporation, and Ki-67 expression. Inhibition of endogenous miR-124 expression promoted RPE cell migration. Transfection with miR-124 reduced cell polarization, lamellipodia protrusion, and RHOG mRNA 3′ untranslated region luciferase activity. Like miR-124 overexpression, RhoG knockdown decreased RPE cell viability, wound healing, and migration, and altered the expression of cell cycle regulators. These results suggest that miR-124 could be a therapeutic target to alleviate fibrovascular proliferation in retinal diseases by regulating RPE proliferation/migration via RHOG.
Effects of optogenetic stimulation of basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons on Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Authors: Wilson Caroline A. , Fouda Sarah , Sakata Shuzo
Published: September 2020

Neuronal activity can modify Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Overexcitation of neurons can facilitate disease progression whereas the induction of cortical gamma oscillations can reduce amyloid load and improve cognitive functions in mouse models. Although previous studies have induced cortical gamma oscillations by either optogenetic activation of cortical parvalbumin-positive (PV+) neurons or sensory stimuli, it is still unclear whether other approaches to induce gamma oscillations can also be beneficial. Here we show that optogenetic activation of PV+ neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) increases amyloid burden, rather than reducing it. We applied 40 Hz optical stimulation in the BF by expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in PV+ neurons of 5xFAD mice. After 1-h induction of cortical gamma oscillations over three days, we observed the increase in the concentration of amyloid-β42 in the frontal cortical region, but not amyloid-β40. Amyloid plaques were accumulated more in the medial prefrontal cortex and the septal nuclei, both of which are targets of BF PV+ neurons. These results suggest that beneficial effects of cortical gamma oscillations on Alzheimer’s disease pathology can depend on the induction mechanisms of cortical gamma oscillations.
Potential of aquatic weeds to improve water quality in natural waterways of the Zambezi catchment
Authors: Winton R. Scott , Kleinschroth Fritz , Calamita Elisa , Botter Martina , Teodoru Cristian R. , Nyambe Imasiku , Wehrli Bernhard
Published: September 2020

One prominent effect of nutrient pollution of surface waters is the mass invasion of floating plants, which can clog waterways, disrupting human use of aquatic systems. These plants are widely vilified and motivate expensive control campaigns, but their presence may be providing a poorly recognized function in the cycling of excess nutrients. The capacity for floating plants to absorb nutrients from surface water has been understood for decades, primarily from their use in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Yet, in natural settings, there has not been to date any effort to quantify whether floating plant invasions represent important pools or fluxes of nutrients relative to those of the river catchments in which they occur. We found that seasonal hydrologic cycles in the Zambezi trap and flush floating plants from river choke points, such as dams and river confluences, on an annual basis. Peak plant biomass at such choke points constitutes a proxy for estimating annual plant-bound nutrient loads. We assessed the significance of floating vegetation as nutrient sinks by comparing annual plant-bound nutrient loading to conventional river nutrient loading (dissolved and particulate) for four tributaries of the Zambezi River in Zambia. We found that the relative importance of floating vegetation was greatest in the more urbanized catchments, such as the Maramba River draining the city of Livingstone, representing approximately 30% and 9% of annual digestible phosphorus and nitrogen flux respectively. We also found plant-bound phosphorus to be important in the Kafue River (19%), draining the industrial town of Kafue and extensive sugarcane plantations. These results demonstrate the great potential of floating plants to take up excess nutrients from natural river systems. Given the importance of hydrology in the life cycle of floating vegetation, controlled dam discharges may have an important role in managing them and their water quality treatment functions.
Author Correction: Giant fractional Shapiro steps in anisotropic Josephson junction arrays
Authors: Panghotra R. , Raes B. , de Souza Silva Clécio C. , Cools I. , Keijers W. , Scheerder J. E. , Moshchalkov V. V. , Van de Vondel J.
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Southern Ocean convection amplified past Antarctic warming and atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadial 4
Authors: Skinner Luke , Menviel Laurie , Broadfield Lauren , Gottschalk Julia , Greaves Mervyn
Published: September 2020

The record of past climate highlights recurrent and intense millennial anomalies, characterised by a distinct pattern of inter-polar temperature change, termed the ‘thermal bipolar seesaw’, which is widely believed to arise from rapid changes in the Atlantic overturning circulation. By forcing a suppression of North Atlantic convection, models have been able to reproduce many of the general features of the thermal bipolar seesaw; however, they typically fail to capture the full magnitude of temperature change reconstructed using polar ice cores from both hemispheres. Here we use deep-water temperature reconstructions, combined with parallel oxygenation and radiocarbon ventilation records, to demonstrate the occurrence of enhanced deep convection in the Southern Ocean across the particularly intense millennial climate anomaly, Heinrich Stadial 4. Our results underline the important role of Southern Ocean convection as a potential amplifier of Antarctic warming, and atmospheric CO2 rise, that is responsive to triggers originating in the North Atlantic.
Tb-Doped core–shell–shell nanophosphors for enhanced X-ray induced luminescence and sensitization of radiodynamic therapy
Authors: Ren Yufu , Rosch Justin G. , Landry Madeleine R. , Winter Hayden , Khan Syamantak , Pratx Guillem , Sun Conroy
Published: September 2020

Tb doped core/shell/shell nanophosphor exhibits robust X-ray luminescence and potential in radiodynamic therapy.
The investigation of the parameters affecting the ZnO nanoparticle cytotoxicity behaviour: a tutorial review
Authors: Canta Marta , Cauda Valentina
Published: September 2020

The promising application of ZnO NPs in the biomedical field is threatened by their complex cytotoxic behaviour. This tutorial review is an experimental and practical guide for the scientists who explore this intriguing topic.
“Dual-Key-and-Lock” dual drug carrier for dual mode imaging guided chemo-photothermal therapy
Authors: Tian Feng , Chi Bin , Xu Chen , Lin Caixue , Xu Zushun , Whittaker Andrew K. , Zhang Cheng , Li Ling , Wang Jing
Published: September 2020

Drug resistance and side effects are the two main problems of chemotherapy.
Vapor switching of the luminescence mechanism in a Re(v) complex
Authors: Sasaki Kenta , Yamate Hitomi , Yoshino Haruka , Miura Hiroki , Shimoda Yuushi , Miyata Kiyoshi , Onda Ken , Ohtani Ryo , Ohba Masaaki
Published: September 2020

A Re(v) mononuclear complex switches the characters of emissive states by methanol vapor via a single-crystal-to-single-crystal ligand exchange reaction.
Coumarin-lanthanide based compounds with SMM behavior and high quantum yield luminescence
Authors: Arauzo A. , Gasque L. , Fuertes S. , Tenorio C. , Bernès S. , Bartolomé E.
Published: September 2020

The new synthesized complexes [Ln(coum)3(phen)(H2O)x]·yH2O and [Ln(coum)3(batho)]·0.7EtOH are interesting bifunctional materials combining high quantum yield luminescence and SMM behavior.
Half-sandwich complexes of osmium containing guanidine-derived ligands
Authors: Parker Amie , Lamata Pilar , Viguri Fernando , Rodríguez Ricardo , López José A. , Lahoz Fernando J. , García-Orduña Pilar , Carmona Daniel
Published: September 2020

The osmium chemistry of guanidine derivatives is explored. The resulting complexes are active Brønsted-acid catalysts for the Friedel–Crafts reaction.
Architectural and catalytic aspects of designer materials built using metalloligands of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide based ligands
Authors: Pachisia Sanya , Gupta Rajeev
Published: September 2020

This perspective presents the design, structural and catalytic aspects of discrete complexes as well as multi-dimensional coordination polymers constructed using assorted metalloligands offering various appended functional groups.
A milk-derived pentapeptide reduces blood pressure in advanced hypertension in a CCK system-dependent manner
Authors: Koyama Daiki , Sasai Masaki , Matsumura Shigenobu , Inoue Kazuo , Ohinata Kousaku
Published: September 2020

Orally administered KFWGK exhibits potent and long-lasting antihypertensive effects in SHR with advanced hypertension, at which known hypotensive drugs are sometimes less effective. The minimum effective dose of KFWGK was 5 μg kg−1.
Hydroalcoholic extract fromAbelmoschus manihot(Linn.) Medicus flower reverses sleep deprivation-evoked learning and memory deficit
Authors: Zhou Hai-rui , Wu Jing-ru , Bei Lei , Wang Bai-xin , Xu Hui , Wang Jing-tao , Ma Shu-xia
Published: September 2020

Extract ofAbelmoschus manihotflower (EAM) has the potential to ameliorate learning and memory deficit, in part through inhibiting oxidative stress in the brain.
Pyrene-functionalized tungsten disulfide as stable resistive photosensor
Authors: Canton-Vitoria Ruben , Nufer Sebastian , Che Xiaoyang , Sayed-Ahmad-Baraza Yuman , Arenal Raul , Bittencourt Carla , Brunton Adam , Dalton Alan B. , Ewels Christopher P. , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: September 2020

WS2–pyrene resistive photosensor with enhanced device reaction time and rapid resistive response due to pyrene-mediated carrier injection.
The largest CPL enhancement by further assembly of self-assembled superhelices based on the helical TPE macrocycle
Authors: Yuan Ying-Xue , Hu Ming , Zhang Kai-Ran , Zhou Ting-Ting , Wang Song , Liu Minghua , Zheng Yan-Song
Published: September 2020

Further assembly of helical self-assemblies is exploited to further boost the dissymmetry factor and obtain the largest magnification of circularly-polarized luminescence.
l-DNA-tagged fluorescence in situ hybridization for highly sensitive imaging of RNAs in single cells
Authors: Ogata Motoyuki , Hayashi Gosuke , Ichiu Anri , Okamoto Akimitsu
Published: September 2020

l-DNA tagged FISH (LT-FISH), including two-step hybridization processes with a l–d chimera oligonucleotide and a fluorescence-labeled PCR product tethering a l-DNA tag, has realized sensitive RNA detection in fixed cells.
Enantioselective vinylogous aldol/lactonization cascade reaction between β,γ-unsaturated amides and trifluoromethyl ketones: facile access to chiral trifluoromethyl dihydropyranones
Authors: Fu Jun-Hao , Zhang Zhen-Guo , Zhou Xue-Ying , Fu Chun-Wei , Sha Feng , Wu Xin-Yan
Published: September 2020

β,γ-Unsaturated amides have been used for the first time to react with trifluoromethyl ketones, and chiral α,β-unsaturated δ-lactones bearing a trifluoromethyl group have been constructed in a convenient manner.
Chinese chive and Mongolian leek suppress heterocyclic amine formation and enhance nutritional profile of roasted cod
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Yifeng , Ren Yuanyuan , Cheng Weiwei , Bi Yuge , Chen Feng , Cheng Ka-Wing
Published: September 2020

Chinese chive and Mongolian leek possess dual functionality in reducing heterocyclic amine formation and enhancing nutritional profiles of roasted cod.
Recovery of expensive Pt/C catalysts from the end-of-life membrane electrode assembly of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Bharti Abha , Natarajan Rajalakshmi
Published: September 2020

A sustainable approach for the recovery of EoL MEAs and possibility of pushing the recovered products back into the supply chain.
Synthesis and photoinitiated thiol–ene reactions of exo-mannals – a new route to C-β-d-mannosyl derivatives
Authors: József János , Debreczeni Nóra , Eszenyi Dániel , Borbás Anikó , Juhász László , Somsák László
Published: September 2020

A synthetic procedure was elaborated for O-peracylated exo-mannals. Thiol-ene additions to pyranoid and furanoid exo-mannals gave mannosylmethyl sulfide type adducts with exclusive regio- and β(d)-stereoselectivities including disaccharide mimetics.
Transient supramolecular hydrogels formed by catalytic control over molecular self-assembly
Authors: Wang Hucheng , Liu Liqun , Bai Shengyu , Guo Xuhong , Eelkema Rienk , van Esch Jan H. , Wang Yiming
Published: September 2020

Transient supramolecular hydrogels have been formed by catalytic control over molecular self-assembly, which leads the self-assembly along a kinetically favored pathway, showing an effective approach towards pathway-dependent soft materials.
Non‐linear estimation and observer‐based output feedback control
Authors: Batmani Y. , Khodakaramzadeh S.
Published: September 2020

In this study, a new observer is proposed for a class of non‐linear systems which is based on an output‐dependent Riccati equation. Necessary conditions for convergence of the state estimation to the system state are investigated through a theorem. Then, based on the proposed observer, two techniques are developed to solve non‐linear stabilisation and non‐linear tracking problems. It is shown that the separation principle between the estimation and control holds. Indeed, just like a linear system, a decentralised observer‐based state feedback controller can be designed for the non‐linear system while the stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed. For the tracking problem, it is proved that the closed‐loop system states converge asymptotically to the states of the desired model. Numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed observer and the observer‐based controllers.
Hybrid cascaded high step‐up DC/DC converter with continuous input current for renewable energy applications
Authors: Hasanpour Sara , Siwakoti Yam , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: September 2020

This study proposes a new structure of hybrid cascade coupled‐inductor high step‐up (HCCIHSU) DC/DC converter for renewable energy sources. The proposed topology can provide an ultra‐high voltage gain under continuous input current and low voltage stress on semiconductor devices. This converter is a hybrid cascade connection of the boost and buck–boost converters. The HCCIHSU utilises a coupled‐inductor (CI) and a voltage multiplier (VM) cell to enhance the voltage gain ratio as a semi‐quadratic function. The magnetic energy of the leakage inductor of the CI is recycled to the VM capacitors that reduce the component voltage stress and improve the converter voltage gain. Additionally, the voltage stress on the main power switch is clamped by two passive clamp capacitors. Due to the very high voltage conversion ratio at a reduced turn's ratio, the maximum voltage stresses on the switches and diodes are significantly alleviated, which further improve the efficiency. In this study, detailed steady‐state analysis and comparisons with other related converters are provided. Finally, a 160 W/200 V laboratory prototype is built with 24 V input voltage at a switching frequency of 50 kHz to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
Oblate Schwarzschild approximation for polarized radiation from rapidly rotating neutron stars
Authors: Loktev Vladislav , Salmi Tuomo , Nättilä Joonas , Poutanen Juri
Published: September 2020

We have developed a complete theory for the calculation of the observed Stokes parameters for radiation emitted from the surface of a rapidly rotating neutron star (NS) using the oblate Schwarzschild approximation. We accounted for the rotation of the polarization plane due to relativistic effects along the path from the stellar surface to the observer. The results were shown to agree with those obtained by performing full numerical general relativistic ray-tracing with the ARCMANCER code. We showed that the obtained polarization angle profiles may differ substantially from those derived for a spherical star. We demonstrated that assuming incorrect shape for the star can lead to biased constraints for NS parameters when fitting the polarization data. Using a simplified model, we also made a rough estimate of how accurately the geometrical parameters of an accreting NS can be determined using the X-ray polarization measurements of upcoming polarimeters like the Imaging X-ray Polarimeter Explorer or the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission.
η’ beam asymmetry at threshold using the BGO-OD experiment
Authors: Alef Stefan , Bauer Patrick , Beck Reinhard , Braghieri Alessandro , Cole Philip , Di Salvo Rachele , Elsner Daniel , Fantini Alessia , Freyermuth Oliver , Ghio Francesco , Gridnev Anatoly , Hammann Daniel , Hannappel Jürgen , Jude Thomas , Kohl Katrin , Kozlenko Nikolay , Lapik Alexander , Levi Sandri Paolo , Lisin Valery , Mandaglio Giuseppe , Messi Roberto , Moricciani Dario , Nedorezov Vladimir , Novinsky Dmitry , Pedroni Paolo , Polonski Andrei , Reitz Björn-Eric , Romaniuk Mariia , Scheluchin Georg , Schmieden Hartmut , Sumachev Victorin , Tarakanov Viacheslav , Tillmanns Christian
Published: September 2020

The unexpected nodal structure of the beam asymmetry recently reported by the GRAAL collaboration in η′ photoproduction very close to threshold could be explained by a previously unobserved narrow resonance. The BGO-OD experiment is ideally suited to verify this measurement via the detection of forward going charged particles which in the threshold region of interest allows the identification of the reaction γp → η′ p solely based on the proton going in the forward direction. This yields unprecedented statistics if, in the missing mass analysis of the η′ meson, the background can be sufficiently well controlled. Preliminary results using a linearly polarised photon beam are shown. The reaction γp → η′ p was identified in the BGO forward spectrometer, with simulated data used to seperate signal and background.
Measurement of π0π+/- photoproduction off the deuteron and dbutanol targets
Authors: Ghosal Debdeep
Published: September 2020

Recent experiments using the Crystal Ball/TAPS setup at the MAMI accelerator in Mainz, Germany continue to study the properties and the excitation spectrum of the nucleon with meson photoproduction. Elec tromagnetic excitations of the proton and neutron are essential for understanding their isospin decomposition. The electromagnetic coupling of photons to protons is different than that of neutrons in certain states. Cross section data alone is not sufficient for separating resonances, whereas polarization observables play a crucial role being essential in disentangling the contributing resonant and non-resonant amplitudes. Preliminary results of the polarization observable E of double π production measured with a polarized solid deuterated Butanol target are shown with comparison to predictions of recent analyses.
Recent highlights with baryons from lattice QCD
Authors: Morningstar Colin
Published: September 2020

Highlights from recent computations in lattice QCD involving baryons are presented. Calcula tions of the proton mass and spin decompositions are discussed, a percent level determination of the nucleon axial coupling is described, and determinations of the proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors and light-cone parton distribution functions are outlined. Recent results applying the so-called Luscher method to meson-baryon systems are presented. Key points emphasized are that much better precision with disconnected diagrams is being achieved, incorporating multi-hadron operators is now feasible, and more and more studies are being done with physical quark masses.
Three-particle system in a finite volume: formalism, quantization condition, spectrum and energy shift
Authors: Pang Jin-Yi
Published: September 2020

Lattice QCD calculations provide an ab initio access to hadronic process. These calculations are usu ally performed in a small cubic volume with periodic boundary conditions. The infinite volume extrapolations for three-body systems are indispensable to understand many systems of high current interest. We derive the three-body quantization condition in a finite volume using an effective field theory in the particle-dimer picture.

Our work shows a powerful and transparent method to read off three-body physical observables from lattice simulations. In this paper, we review the formalism, quantization condition, spectrum analysis and energy shifts calculation both for 3-body bound states and scattering states.
Wir brauchen strukturierte inhaltliche und formale
Vorgehensweisen zur Nutzung versorgungsnaher Daten
Authors: Klinkhammer-Schalke Monika
Published: September 2020

Für die Nutzung vorhandener Versorgungsdaten gibt es immer mehr gute Gründe,
wobei v. a. die Nutzung von Registerdaten im Fokus steht. Das zugehörige, klar
strukturierte methodische Vorgehen ist bisher noch unzureichend zusammengeführt,
aufbereitet und transparent dargestellt.
Kunsttherapie bei Morbus Alzheimer
Authors: Knebel Ulrike
Published: September 2020

Morbus Alzheimer ist bis heute nicht heilbar. Die Erkrankungverläuft individuell sehr unterschiedlich und ist für diePatientinnen und Patienten und ihre Angehörigen oft mitgroßer psychischer Belastung verbunden. Daher sind nichtnur medizinische Interventionen wichtig, sondern auch dieseelische Entlastung der Alzheimer-Erkrankten. Hier setztdie Kunsttherapie an, die mit Farben und unterschiedlichenMaterialien die Fantasie anregt und den Menschen aktiviert, seine eigenen Ressourcen zu entdecken. Nach demMotto: „Wenn Worte fehlen, sprechen Bilder“, kann esdurch das künstlerische Tun gelingen, seelischem BefindenAusdruck zu verleihen und dadurch die mit der Alzheimer-Erkrankung verbundene Bedrückung und den Rückzug zuverringern.