bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEMIOTIC EVALUATION OF THE SYSTEMS OF SIGNS IN THE LITHUANIAN SCHOLASTIC GEOGRAPHICAL ATLASES
Authors: Žalalienė Inga
Published: December 2013

The article introduces the results of semiotic evaluation of maps in the Lithuanian scholastic geographical atlases. Cartographic signs were analysed using 1 263 maps published in 17 Lithuanian scholastic geographical atlases. The chosen atlases were published by “Briedis”, “Šviesa”, “Alma littera”, “Didakta” and “Pradai” publishing houses. The research method was developed based on the M. Dumbliauskienė's methodology for evaluation of communicative quality of thematic maps (Dumbliauskienė 2000) which emphasises the semiotic aspect of evaluation. The mentioned methodology was partly transformed (the number of indices is reduced) taking into consideration the specific character of the end users of maps (young people striving for knowledge) and perception psychology. The obtained results revealed the merits and faults of geographic production used by the Lithuanian schools which will be taken into account in further research (survey of perception of cartographic signs at school using questionnaires) and in preparing recommendations for improvement of the systems of cartographic signs in the maps of scholastic geographical atlases.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN PUBLIC HEALTH DOMAIN: AN NLP APPROACH
Authors: Arun Pattathal Vijayakumar
Published: December 2013

Remote sensing products are effectively used as a tool for decision making in various fields, especially in medical research and health care analyses. GIS is particularly well suited in this context because of its spatial analysis and display capabilities. The integration of RS techniques in public health has been categorised as continuous and discrete strategies where latter is preferred. We have investigated the integration of these approaches through linguistic interpretation of images. In this paper, we propose a framework for direct natural language interpretation of satellite images using probabilistic grammar rules in conjunction with evolutionary computing techniques. Spectral and spatial information has been dynamically combined using adaptive kernel strategy for effective representation of the contextual knowledge. The developed methodology has been evaluated in different querying contexts and investigations revealed that considerable success has been achieved with the procedure. The methodology has also demonstrated to be effective in intelligent interpolation, automatic interpretation as well as attribute, topology, proximity, and semantic analyses.
Brésil : retour vers le futur ?
Authors: Terra Cristina , Ruediger Tatiana
Published: December 2013

Après deux décennies de réformes profondes, qui ont assuré au pays la stabilité macroéconomique, la croissance et une nette réduction des inégalités, le Brésil semble renouer avec des politiques économiques plus hasardeuses. Quant aux récentes mobilisations populaires, au-delà des protestations ponctuelles sur les prix, elles traduisent sans doute un malaise politique plus général, qui touche au fonctionnement de l’État et à la qualité de la démocratie brésilienne.
Réforme(s) du contrôle des drogues : l'Amérique du Sud en pointe
Authors: Capela Charles
Published: December 2013

Les politiques antinarcotiques traditionnelles des États sud-américains, très influencées par Washington et son paradigme prohibitionniste, sont de plus en plus critiquées. Plusieurs pays, au nombre desquels la Bolivie, l’Uruguay, la Colombie, tentent de mettre en place des politiques moins focalisées sur le tout-répressif. Mais cette orientation nouvelle pose problème dans la relation avec les États-Unis et vis-à-vis des conventions internationales sur la répression du trafic de drogue.
Les salafistes dans le champ politique égyptien
Authors: Steuer Clément
Published: December 2013

Le salafisme égyptien commence véritablement à se développer dans les années 1970. Il comporte différentes tendances, dont la plus violente est responsable de l’attentat de Louxor en 1997. À la suite de la révolution de 2011, plusieurs partis salafistes sont créés. Le plus visible, le parti Nour, remporte plus d’un quart des suffrages. Il se bat pour la traduction effective de la charia dans le droit positif. Après l’éviction du président Morsi, il surprend en se positionnant du côté du nouveau régime.
Libye 2011-2013 : les reconfigurations de l'islamisme radical
Authors: Ammour Laurence Aïda
Published: December 2013

La crise libyenne s’inscrit dans un système de conflits régional dont les éléments ne peuvent être appréhendés de manière séparée. Les groupes armés circulent d’un territoire à l’autre, dans des zones qui relient plusieurs sanctuaires au profit de nombreux acteurs non étatiques, dont les mouvements islamiques ne constituent qu’une composante. Depuis deux ans, l’espace libyen joue dans cet ensemble un rôle central, comme épicentre géographique et foyer de recrutement islamiste.
The Grand National: a review of factors associated with non-completion and horse-falls, 1990 to 2012
Authors: Williams J.M. , Marlin D.M. , Langley N. , Parkin T.D. , Randle H.
Published: December 2013

The Grand National (GN) attracts high profile press and subsequent public attention. This study aimed to establish if factors influential to non-completion, horse-falls and specific fence risk in the GN supported the measures implemented by the British Horseracing Authority (BHA) to improve equine welfare in the GN. Horse, jockey, trainer and race related factors associated with non-completion, horse-falls and horse-falls at specific fences of the GN were collated over a 22 year period from 1990 to 2012. Descriptive analysis calculated non-completion rates per year, according to age and reason for non-completion. The distribution of fallers during the race in relation to fence number, design and key feature fences were also determined. Univariable analysis informed multivariable model building to identify factors associated with non-completion (n=840) and horse-falls (n=514) in the GN. Two final logistic regression models were refined through a backward stepwise process with variables retained if likelihood ratio test P-values were <0.05. Chi-square goodness of fit analyses evaluated fall risk at fence level. During the period investigated 347 horses completed the GN; the probability of a horse falling in the race was 0.24. The first fence, Becher's brook and drop fences increased the risk of falling compared to plain fences. Good-soft going increased the number of horses that completed the race and reduced the number of fallers suggesting this is the optimal ground condition for the race. GNs run at a faster than average speed increased the risk of horses not completing and falling. Inexperienced horses and jockeys show a greater risk of not completing and falling. Our work supports BHA measures implemented to improve safety in the GN; controlling speed, modifying fence design, promoting race experience and ground maintenance to produce good-soft going can increase completions and reduce falls, therefore enhancing equine welfare.
Rehabilitation of tendopathies in human athletes
Authors: Legerlotz K.
Published: December 2013

Tendinopathies, chronic tendon disorders characterized by pain and functional impairment, are a common problem particularly in elite and recreational athletes. There is a high prevalence of Achilles tendinopathy in runners, while patellar tendinopathies, also referred to as jumpers knee, are very common amongst volleyball and basketball players. However, tendinopathies also occur in the sedentary population. The syndrome is associated with a variety of morphological, histopathological, biochemical and molecular changes, such as an increase in tendon cross sectional area, loss of fibre organization and infiltration of blood vessels. It has been shown that exercise or mechanical loading plays a role, which is why overuse is suspected to initiate tendinopathies. The exact mechanisms are still poorly understood, which makes the treatment problematic. A variety of treatment options are available, ranging from non-invasive procedures such as exercise treatment, topical nitroglycerin patches or shock wave therapy, over injections of various substances, such as corticosteroids, platelet-rich plasma or sclerosing agents, to surgical debridement. However, most of the treatment options focus solely on symptom relief, and the evidence for their effectiveness is often poor. The effectiveness of a treatment is furthermore likely to depend on the stage of the tendinapathy. In contrast to many therapies, exercise treatment has been relatively well investigated, has been shown to work in the majority of cases and is considered the gold standard.
Les énoncés en se dans la littérature grammaticale comtemporaine
Authors: Tollis F.
Published: December 2013

[fr] Dans cette étude, on a pris le parti (le considérer séparément les cinq manuels de grammaire auxquels il est constamment fait référence, et un ensemble d'ouvrages dont le plus ancien est le Diccionario de Baralt (1855). Dans les uns comme dans les autres, on a répertorié les types d'énoncés contenant SE donné comme acceptables, et, dans le but d'en faire une présentation critique, on a cherché quelle(s) analyse(s) est (sont) proposée(s) pour les types retenus.
Qubba y alcoba: Síntesis y conclusión
Authors: Pavón Maldonado Basilio
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
De nuevo sobre los orígenes de la prosa literaria castellana (A propósito de dos libros recientes)
Authors: Galmés de Fuentes Álvaro
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
El prólogo del Cifar: Realidad, ficción y poética
Authors: Gómez Redondo Fernando
Published: December 2013

Pese a que el Libro del Cauallero Zifar ha sido una de las obras medievales más estudiada por la crítica hispanista en los últimos años, existen aún cuestiones centrales para su comprensión que apenas han sido abordadas. Quizá la principal de ellas -objeto de este estudio- es concebir la obra en un eje paradigmático que permita analizar su proceso de creación literaria. Los elementos constituyentes del Cifar deben enfocarse integrados en una manera consciente de composición que no parte de la misma obra, sino que es el resultado de una larga tensión creadora cuya intención última es dotar de un propósito literario a la prosa romance.
“Gnophoso” contra Dávalos: realidad histórica y fuentes literarias (Una alusión oscura en el canto XI de El Crotalón)
Authors: Vian Ana
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
A propósito de la etimología de chumbera y chumbo
Authors: Vázquez Ruiz José
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
El topónimo Jandaq en las tahas de Ferreyra, Poqueyra y Xubiles en 1527
Authors: Martínez Ruiz Juan
Published: December 2013

El libro de habices de 1527 de las tahas de Ferreyra, Poqueyra y Xubiles ha sido ya objeto de mi atención y estudio, pero el repertorio de mil treinta topónimos menores que dicho manuscrito inédito contiene precisa un estudio detallado, haciendo pequeñas monografías sobre cada tipo. En este sentido ya he iniciado esta tarea con el estudio del topónimo ḥāra “barrio”, “caserío”, que se presenta en ciento un ejemplos. Ahora considero interesante someter a revisión el topónimo jandaq, con una ya señalada representación en la Toponimia peninsular, pues así vamos a encontrar cincuenta y dos representantes de dicho topónimo, situados en una zona de las Alpujarras, que nos van a ofrecer informaciones muy valiosas sobre configuración del terreno, vegetación, oficios, y que nos permiten en cierto modo reconstruir el ambiente socio-económico del final del siglo XVI antes de la repoblación castellana y de la ruina total de la toponimia patrimonial, según puede verse en las modernas cartografías de dicha zona.
Los prólogos del Diccionario académico: Nomenclatura específica y microestructura
Authors: Alvar Ezquerra Manuel
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Latín tardío y romance temprano
Authors: Marcos Marín Francisco
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
El Libro de Job: Quevedo, modernizador del español en un tratado doctrinal
Authors: Marcos Marín Francisco
Published: December 2013

No siponible.
Perífrasis verbales con idea de obligación en el Libro de Buen Amor
Authors: Enguita Utrilla José M.
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Dos decires de recuesta y algunas notas sobre poemas sueltos en el siglo XV
Authors: Gómez Moreno Ángel
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Valor histórico de las alternancias grafémicas en los fónemas del orden velar
Authors: Frago Gracia Juan A.
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Reelaboración y creación en el Castigo sin venganza
Authors: Alvar Manuel
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Piélagos de voz: sobre la poesía de Domínguez Camargo
Authors: Colombí-Monguió Alicia de
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
B y V en interior de palabra (posición no intervocálica) durante los siglos XIII, XIV y XV
Authors: Moreno Fernández Francisco
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Las referencias religiosas en la "Agudeza y arte de ingenio"
Authors: Mancini Guido
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Latín tardío y romance temprano (1982-1988)
Authors: Wright Roger
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Robalo y lubina (Morone labrax L.). Otro capítulo de ictionimia mediterránea y atlántica (ALEA 1109, ALEICan 465, ALM 541 W)
Authors: Mondéjar José
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Notas sobre la aposición nominal
Authors: Escandell Vidal M. Victoria , Leonetti Jungl Manuel
Published: December 2013

En este trabajo, trataremos algunos aspectos de las aposiciones nominales en español, y, en particular, de las tradicionalmente llamadas aposiciones explicativas , es decir, aquellas que van separadas, mediante una pausa, del SN al que modifica. Estas aposiciones suelen recibir el nombre de explicativas (frente a las especificativas o restrictivas), porque la información que aportan no hace más que desarrollar el concepto expresado por el término anterior "sin precisarlo ni determinarlo distinguiéndolo de otros". Tres son las cuestiones que vamos a abordar : en primer término, la necesidad de distinguir entre las verdaderas aposiciones y otras construcciones parecidas; en segundo lugar, los problemas de compatibilidad entre los SSNN y sus aposiciones; y, finalmente, la relación entre aposición y predicado nominal.
El voseo en Panamá
Authors: Quilis Antonio , Graell Stanziola Matilde
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Del latín al español
Authors: Santiago Ramón
Published: December 2013

El libro es parte de una obra que pretende ofrecer una panorámica completa de la evolución histórica del español en sus aspectos fónico, morfológico y sintáctico. En este volumen se aborda el primero de ellos en su totalidad junto con el estudio de la morfología flexiona!, quedando para la continuación la descripción de la formación de palabras y la sintaxis. No es un manual más, mera refundición de los anteriores, porque el autor se ha propuesto colmar un vacío real que no puede por menos de haber lamentado cualquier estudioso de la lingüística histórica de nuestros días: la ausencia de una síntesis de lo mucho que se ha investigado ya en el esclarecimiento de problemas de interpretación en el desarrollo de las lenguas romances en su conjunto y también, específicamente, de la española. Su objetivo, pues, ha sido, según él mismo declara, tener en cuenta e integrar en una explicación coherente lo más importante de lo publicado hasta los primeros años de esta década.
Las vicisitudes etimológicas de rincón
Authors: Malkiel Yakov
Published: December 2013

Juzgado por todos los criterios disponibles: el geográfico, el difusionista, el morfológico, el semántico, etc., la conjetura de un préstamo pedido al francés dialectal y al gascón-bearnés parece una explicación satisfactoria para el origen de rincón. Sin ser rigurosamente indispensable, la suposición de un apoyo posterior recibido, en la Península, por parte de un arabismo adoptado en una forma muy coloquial rúkon > * rukón) no hace daño a la conjetura primordial. Mientras la inclusión de factores subsidiarios sirve para eliminar obstáculos reales o incógnitas desconcertadoras, no se trata de un abandono a meros adornos; y cualquier oposición a tal procedimiento, en favor de soluciones más "puras", parece emanar de preocupaciones esencialmente estéticas.
Las Ortografías de Mayans y Bordazar: el fondo de una polémica
Authors: Martínez Alcalde María José
Published: December 2013

En 1730 se publicó la segunda edición de la Ortografía Española del impresor valenciano Antonio Bordazar de Artazú. El tratado fue en principio uno más entre los muchos que aparecieron a lo largo del siglo, incluso después de la publicación de la primera Ortografía académica de 1741. Sin embargo, la obra ha merecido una atención particular por una cuestión en gran parte ajena a su contenido doctrinal y relacionada, en cambio, con una de las características del ambiente cultural de nuestro siglo XVIII. Se trata de la polémica desatada en torno a la autoría de la obra, en la que intervinieron de forma activa personajes como Mañer y que enfrentó a dos de las figuras principales de aquel siglo: Feijoo y Mayans. La información sobre los datos históricos de la polémica y la publicación de las principales cartas en las que se plasmó han centrado hasta ahora la atención de los autores que se han ocupado del tema. No se ha abordado, sin embargo, lo que constituye el fondo de la cuestión y a lo que Mayans aludió repetidamente como prueba que zanjaría cualquier especulación. Se trata del cotejo de su propio sistema ortográfico con el expuesto por Bordazar.
La evolución /kl-, pl-, fl-/ > ll en español
Authors: Torreblanca Máximo
Published: December 2013

En el español antiguo, los grupos biconsonánticos latinos cl, pl y fl pasaron a ll al principio de palabra. Este cambio fonético tuvo seguramente alguna o algunas etapas intermedias, sobre las cuales no ha habido un acuerdo general entre los expertos en lingüística histórica. Al estudiar la evolución de los sonidos latinos en la Península Ibérica, es muy comprensible que los lingüistas partan de la pronunciación latina, pero no debemos olvidarnos de que el castellano del siglo XIII no se deriva directamente del latín itálico de los primeros siglos de la Era Cristiana, sino del latín hispánico de la misma época, el cual pudo ser distinto del itálico en algunos aspectos. Si el español moderno ofrece diferencias dialectales en la pronunciación, no hay razón alguna para suponer que en el latín del siglo III d. C. no ocurriera algo similar.
Un posible étimo árabe para rufián
Authors: Pezzi Elena
Published: December 2013

El vocablo rufián, también antiguamente rofián, en germanía, designa al chulo que tiene una o varias mujeres prostituyéndose para vivir a cuenta de ellas y que sale en su defensa en los casos en que lo necesitan. En opinión de la autora de este artículo, si se investiga profundamente sobre el origen de las palabras de esta lengua peculiar, puede comprobarse que muchas de ellas son fácilmente reconocibles en el vocabulario árabe; este es el caso del vocablo que nos ocupa.
De la date des gloses de Silos
Authors: Bezler Francis
Published: December 2013

No disponible.
Análisis y síntesis de las consonantes nasales
Authors: Albalá María José
Published: December 2013

Los resultados de un análisis de los rasgos articulatorios y de los índices acústicos de las consonantes nasales del español han permitido llevar a cabo una síntesis que se ha sometido después a una prueba de reconocimiento por parte de 20 informantes. Este trabajo experimental ha hecho posible describir los valores de las consonantes nasales en cuanto a la duración, en cuanto a la intensidad, en cuanto al ancho de banda y a la frecuencia de los formantes y de la antirresonancia y en cuanto a las transiciones formánticas, así como estudiar el peso de cada uno de estos parámetros como índices perceptivos de la nasalidad y del lugar articulatorio.
La transmisión manuscrita de las Generaciones y semblanzas
Authors: Beltrán Vicente
Published: December 2013

El hallazgo del manuscrito C de Generaciones y semblanzas en la biblioteca universitaria de Santiago de Compostela en 1985 impulsó al autor de este trabajo a llevar a cabo un estudio de la transmisión manuscrita de este texto, más rica de lo que se creía. Los editores de la Bibliography of Old Spanish Texts habían aportado en tanto el testimonio B y los F y H, que permiten trazar mejor la historia del texto, relativamente simple desde el punto de vista de la crítica textual, pero fertilísima por su relación con la historia de la cultura. Aquí se ofrecen las conclusiones de esta investigación.
Filiación de las versiones castellanas del ciclo Siete Sabios de Roma. Variantes del Sendebar occidental
Authors: De la Torre Rodríguez Ventura
Published: December 2013

El grupo occidental del ciclo Sendebar lo constituyen las versiones en inglés, francés, italiano, escocés, latín, catalán, castellano, etc., que aparecen a partir del siglo XII y ofrecen rasgos estructurales que contrastan con el modelo del grupo oriental. Estas marcas hacen que estas variantes textuales configuren un grupo antológico de exempla distinto de cualquiera de las ocho versiones orientales. ¿Cómo y dónde surgieron esos rasgos privativos e identificadores del grupo occidental de variantes? Sólo cuatro cuentos son discursivamente semejantes, y otros mantienen las constantes funcionales y ciertas semejanzas en el desarrollo de la fábula con las versiones Siete visires, Las mil y una noches y Mishle Sendebar. Mediante el análisis comparativo de las redacciones occidentales principales se propone un stemma algo distinto al propuesto por G. Paris y muy cercano al de H. Runte.
Nueva propuesta de lectura de las xarajāt de la serie árabe con texto romance
Authors: Corriente F.
Published: December 2013

Los esfuerzos hechos hasta ahora en el estudio de estos estribillos de las muwaššaḥāt han permitido crear una metodología definida para todo aquel que pretenda contribuir a este tema. Teniéndola en cuenta y utilizando experiencias previas, el autor de este artículo descubre que el panorama de inteligibilidad de las xarajāt no es tan oscuro como se temía anteriormente y ofrece ya a todo lector interesado el resultado de su labor.
Sobre las fuentes de la Silva de Pedro Mexía
Authors: Cherchi Paolo
Published: December 2013

Comentario crítico sobre la edición de la Silva de varia lección de Pedro Mexía cuidada por Antonio Castro (Madrid, Cátedra, 2 vols., 1989-1990), con especial hincapié en las fuentes, fundamentales para una obra como la Silva, que nace de otros libros. Para el autor de esta reseña, tan sólo el conocimiento de estas fuentes nos da la medida correcta de la cultura de Mexía y de su juego intertextual, y nos sugiere el método mejor y más económico de comentar su obra, sin gastar energías comentando los textos que él copiaba.
Las lechugas y la etimología de amainar
Authors: Colón Doménech Germán
Published: December 2013

El presente artículo pretende aclarar lo que hay de veras en un pasaje del tratado de Macer, De herbis, que ofrece el manuscrito de Valencia (traducción catalana del siglo XV), en donde se ha señalado la presencia de amainar en el contexto de la descripción de las propiedades de la lechuga.
Twisted Fimbrial Cyst (Paraovarian Cyst): A Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen
Authors: Rathi Monika , Najam Rehana , Budania Satish Kumar , Awasthi Seema , Ahmad Faiyaz , Kumar Ashutosh , Dutta Shyamoli
Published: December 2013

We present a case of a 22-year-old female who presented with acute abdomen and amenorrhea. Emergency laprotomy was done with a clinical diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. On laprotomy, twisted fimbrial cysts were found. Thus, although fimbrial cysts are rarely twisted, they should be considered as a cause of acute abdomen in a female of reproductive age group.
A decision analysis framework for stakeholder involvement and learning in groundwater management
Authors: Karjalainen T. P. , Rossi P. M. , Ala-aho P. , Eskelinen R. , Reinikainen K. , Kløve B. , Pulido-Velazquez M. , Yang H.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods are increasingly used to facilitate both rigorous analysis and stakeholder involvement in natural and water resource planning. Decision-making in that context is often complex and multi-faceted with numerous trade-offs between social, environmental and economic impacts. However, practical applications of decision-support methods are often too technically oriented and hard to use, understand or interpret for all participants. The learning of participants in these processes is seldom examined, even though successful deliberation depends on learning. This paper analyzes the potential of an interactive MCDA framework, the decision analysis interview (DAI) approach, for facilitating stakeholder involvement and learning in groundwater management. It evaluates the results of the MCDA process in assessing land-use management alternatives in a Finnish esker aquifer area where conflicting land uses affect the groundwater body and dependent ecosystems. In the assessment process, emphasis was placed on the interactive role of the MCDA tool in facilitating stakeholder participation and learning. The results confirmed that the structured decision analysis framework can foster learning and collaboration in a process where disputes and diverse interests are represented. Computer-aided interviews helped the participants to see how their preferences affected the desirability and ranking of alternatives. During the process, the participants' knowledge and preferences evolved as they assessed their initial knowledge with the help of fresh scientific information. The decision analysis process led to the opening of a dialogue, showing the overall picture of the problem context and the critical issues for the further process.
Understanding flood regime changes in Europe: a state of the art assessment
Authors: Hall J. , Arheimer B. , Borga M. , Brázdil R. , Claps P. , Kiss A. , Kjeldsen T. R. , Kriaučiūnienė J. , Kundzewicz Z. W. , Lang M. , Llasat M. C. , Macdonald N. , McIntyre N. , Mediero L. , Merz B. , Merz R. , Molnar P. , Montanari A. , Neuhold C. , Parajka J. , Perdigão R. A. P. , Plavcová L. , Rogger M. , Salinas J. L. , Sauquet E. , Schär C. , Szolgay J. , Viglione A. , Blöschl G.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. There is growing concern that flooding is becoming more frequent and severe in Europe. A better understanding of flood regime changes and their drivers is therefore needed. The paper reviews the current knowledge on flood regime changes in European rivers that has been obtained through two approaches. The first approach is the detection of change based on observed flood events. Current methods are reviewed together with their challenges and opportunities. For example, observation biases, the merging of different data sources and accounting for non-linear drivers and responses. The second approach consists of modelled scenarios of future floods. Challenges and opportunities are discussed again such as fully accounting for uncertainties in the modelling cascade and feedbacks. To make progress in flood change research, we suggest that a synthesis of these two approaches is needed. This can be achieved by focusing on flood-rich and flood-poor periods rather than on flood trends only, by formally attributing causes of observed flood changes, by validating scenarios against observed flood regime dynamics, and by developing low-dimensional models of flood changes and feedbacks. The paper finishes with a call for a joint European flood change research network.
Surface kinematics of periglacial sorted circles using Structure-from-Motion technology
Authors: Kääb A. , Girod L. , Berthling I.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Sorted soil circles are a conspicuous form of periglacial patterned ground. Numerical modelling suggests that these features develop from a convection-like circulation of material in the active layer of permafrost. The related iterative burying and resurfacing of material is believed to play an important role in the soil carbon cycle of high latitudes. The connection of sorted circles to permafrost conditions and its changes over time make these ground forms to a potential paleoclimatic indicator. In this study we apply the photogrammetric Structure-from-Motion technology (SfM) to large sets of overlapping terrestrial photos taken in Augusts 2007 and 2010 over three sorted circles at Kvadehuksletta, Western Spitsbergen. We retrieve repeat digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthoimages with millimetre-resolution and accuracy. Changes in microrelief over the three years are obtained from DEM-differencing and horizontal displacement fields from tracking features between the orthoimages. In the inner domains of the circles, consisting of fines, material moves radially outside with horizontal surface speeds of up to 2 cm yr−1. The outer circle ridges consist of coarse stones that displace towards the inner circle domain at similar rates. A number of substantial deviations from this overall radial symmetry, both in horizontal displacements and in microrelief, shed new light on the potential spatio-temporal evolution of sorted soil circles, and periglacial patterned ground in general.
Opioid Use and the Risk of Respiratory Depression and Death in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Whittaker Marianne R.
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND

Pediatric patients may be at an increased risk of adverse effects from various medications. Recently, there have been a number of serious adverse events, including several pediatric patients experiencing severe respiratory depression and death as a result of the use of codeine for pain control following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the safety of opioid agonists in pediatric patients undergoing operative procedures or have experienced trauma and to evaluate the risk of respiratory depression and death among this population.

METHODS

PubMed and Medline were searched to identify randomized controlled studies from 1994 to 2012 addressing postsurgery/trauma opioid use in pediatric patients. Relative risks and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using data available in clinical trials.

RESULTS

A total of 16 clinical trials were evaluated for this review. Randomized controlled trials included studies comparing opioids versus non-opioids for a variety of painful conditions. The relative risk of respiratory depression associated with opioid use in 1 trial was 1.63 (95% CI: 0.64–6.13). The remaining 15 trials reviewed described no significant difference in respiratory depression or adverse effects associated with treatment. No deaths were attributed to opioid use in any of these studies.

CONCLUSION

Opioid-associated respiratory depression was very rare and no deaths were reported in the reviewed studies. These findings under the well-defined conditions of controlled studies may not be the best means of determining overall opioid-associated side effects in pediatric patients.
Ditaduras civil-militares no Cone Sul e a Doutrina de Segurança Nacional – algumas considerações sobre a Historiografia
Authors: Souza Mendes Ricardo Antonio
Published: December 2013

Os anos de 2013 e 2014 são significativamente relevantes para se refletir sobre as ditaduras civil-militares estabelecidas no Cone Sul. Em 2013 completam-se os trinta anos da saída dos militares no governo da Argentina e os quarenta anos do movimento que derrubou o governo democraticamente eleito de Salvador Allende. Por sua vez, no ano de 2014 se completará o cinquentenário da tomada do poder capitaneada pelos militares. Nesse sentido, entendo ser relevante uma abordagem que avalie as primeiras obras acerca do conjunto de ideias que norteou essas ditaduras – a Doutrina de Segurança Nacional. Elaboradas entre os anos de 1979 e 1982, referem-se a um primeiro esforço de análise sobre o autoritarismo que atingiu Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Uruguai.Palavras-chave: Doutrina de Segurança Nacional. Ditaduras. Cone Sul
“Somos guardiões da memória...”: uma coleção homenageia os “vitoriosos” de 31 de março de 1964
Authors: Chaves Eduardo dos Santos
Published: December 2013

No presente artigo apresento um breve histórico das iniciativas das Forças Armadas em narrar a sua história pelos projetos de história oral, para em seguida analisar o surgimento de um desses resultados, a coleção “1964 - 31 de março: o movimento revolucionário e sua história”. Procuro, dessa forma, examinar o significado dessa coleção de entrevistas como resultado da disputa pela memória da ditadura brasileira, bem como uma homenagem àqueles que eles consideram “salvadores da pátria”. Da mesma forma, analiso a maneira pela qual o Exército procurou fazer história oral, assim como ele a entende quando da elaboração de seus acervos.Palavras-chave: Ditadura civil-militar. Exército. Acervos.
A constituição da faculdade de educação/UFRGS em tempos de ditadura militar (1970 - 1985)
Authors: Almeida Doris Bittencourt , Lima Valeska Alessandra de , Silva Thaise Mazzei da
Published: December 2013

A pesquisa busca aproximações das memórias de uma instituição de ensino superior, a Faculdade de Educação/UFRGS. Procura compreender como, no presente, os sujeitos professores rememoram o tempo vivido naquela instituição, investigando as marcas que ela  deixou. Interessam os significados atribuídos pelos narradores às suas vivências na Faculdade e os modos como compõem suas reminiscências. O estudo insere-se no campo de investigações da História da Educação, sendo esta uma componente da história das práticas culturais e do cotidiano social, e identifica-se com os pressupostos teóricos da História Cultural. A metodologia fundamenta-se na História Oral, trabalhando-se as narrativas de memória como documento. Ao longo das entrevistas com professores, os quarenta anos da Faculdade de Educação foram rememorados de três temas principais que emergiram nas narrativas: as greves das décadas de 1980 e 1990, a importância da Faculdade como espaço de constituição da identidade docente e, entre os mais antigos servidores, as lembranças da época da ditadura militar vividas no cenário da Universidade, temática que aqui nos propomos a analisar. Portanto, neste estudo, refletimos acerca das implicações da ditadura militar na constituição e no cotidiano da Faculdade da Educação, nos anos 1970 e início dos anos 1980, investigando os processos identitários da Faculdade de Educação que se constitui enquanto importante espaço de formação docente no Rio Grande do Sul. Tomamos como fontes da pesquisa entrevistas realizadas com docentes da FACED, entrevistas publicadas em periódicos e um documentário produzido por ocasião dos trinta e cinco anos da Faculdade de Educação.Palavras-chave: Memórias docentes. História da educação. História das instituições educativas.
Estudantes no Pontal Mineiro e ditadura militar na década de 1960
Authors: Franco Isaura Melo , Souza Sauloéber Tarsio de
Published: December 2013

Este artigo faz parte de pesquisa de mestrado que vem sendo desenvolvida desde 2012 no Programa de Pós-Graduação em educação na Linha de História e Historiografia da Educação da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU). Seu objetivo principal é desvendar parte das ações e das práticas do movimento estudantil no Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro, especificamente na cidade de Ituiutaba, frente ao clima autoritário estabelecido pela ditadura militar na década de 1960, e também revelar o ideário de estudante/aluno veiculado pela imprensa local, observado em nível nacional. Utilizamos como fonte primária a análise de 04 coleções de jornais do município de Ituiutaba que circularam na década de 1960. Recorremos também à história oral, por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com alguns dos ex-líderes estudantis do contexto investigado. Acreditamos que a importância desse estudo se deve principalmente pelo ineditismo do tema, já que a história do movimento estudantil no país no período ditatorial aborda principalmente os grandes centros urbanos. Esse estudo nos revelou que a implantação da ditadura militar no país gerou reflexos na política e na sociedade de Ituiutaba, de forma que os estudantes locais foram afastados das reivindicações de caráter político. Esperamos que o desenvolvimento deste estudo, sua posterior divulgação e discussão, possam contribuir para a história dos estudantes no país, além de ampliar as possibilidades de interpretação sobre os impactos gerados pelo golpe militar na sociedade brasileira.Palavras-chave: Estudantes. Ditadura Militar. Pontal Mineiro. Anos de 1960
Acervo da DOPS/PR: uma possibilidade de fonte diferenciada para a história da educação
Authors: Braggio Ana Karine , Fiuza Alexandre Felipe
Published: December 2013

Este artigo objetiva analisar o acervo das extintas Delegacias de Ordem Política e Social (DOPS) como forma de contribuir para a eleição de novas fontes para as pesquisas em história da educação. Apresentamos a importância da utilização de fontes diferenciadas para a história da educação, como as provenientes da história legislativa, executiva e judiciária, da administração pública, da economia, do governo e dos partidos políticos. Ademais, estes materiais permitem compreender o fenômeno educativo e suas mediações sociais, políticas, culturais e históricas, internas e externas, a cada objeto pesquisado. Como o foco é a documentação da DOPS/PR, observou-se a relevância de se caracterizar este órgão estatal, que ficou mais conhecido por suas ações repressivas exercidas no regime ditatorial, mas que esteve ativo no período considerado democrático. Explicamos como esta documentação foi transferida ao Arquivo Público do Estado, e quais as dificuldades ou inconvenientes que os pesquisadores se deparam ao trabalhar com este material, entre as quais estão o extravio de parte da documentação, a destruição da organização original do arquivo e a desordem temporal e temática em alguns dossiês. Por fim, através do banco de dados de teses e dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), mostra-se como vêm sendo desenvolvidas as pesquisas com este corpus documental.Palavras-chave: Fontes. História da educação. DOPS/PR
Por uma história da loucura no Sul do País
Authors: Espindola Tássila Sant'Anna
Published: December 2013

BORGES, Viviane Trindade. Loucos nem sempre mansos. Porto Alegre: Ed. da UFRGS, 2012. 197 p.
Ditadura Militar: mais do que algozes e vítimas. A perspectiva de Carlos Fico
Authors: Arend Silvia Maria Fávero , Hagemeyer Rafael Rosa , Lohn Reinaldo Lindolfo
Published: December 2013

Carlos Fico é Professor do Departamento e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e Pesquisador do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Sua formação acadêmica ocorreu na própria UFRJ, na Universidade Federal Fluminense (Mestrado) e na Universidade de São Paulo (Doutorado em História Social e Pós-Doutorado). Atuou ainda na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP). Seu trabalho docente é voltado para ao ensino de Teoria e Metodologia da História e de História do Brasil Republicano. É um profícuo autor de artigos e livros que apresentam o resultado de suas investigações em temas como a ditadura militar no Brasil e na Argentina, historiografia brasileira, rebeliões populares no Brasil republicano e história política dos Estados Unidos durante a Guerra Fria. Criou o Centro Nacional de Referência Historiográfica na UFOP, juntamente com Ronald Polito. Foi "Cientista do Nosso Estado" da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro entre 2003 e 2006. Recebeu o Prêmio Sergio Buarque de Holanda de Ensaio Social da Biblioteca Nacional em 2008. Durante o Simpósio Nacional de História, ocorrido em Natal, dispôs-se a conceder esta entrevista para Tempo e Argumento, na qual expôs suas fundamentadas interpretações sobre as complexas relações entre a ditadura militar e a sociedade brasileira, bem como suas perspectivas sobre a História do Tempo Presente. Foi entrevistado por Silvia Maria Fávero Arend, Rafael Rosa Hagemeyer e Reinaldo Lindolfo Lohn, docentes do Programa de Pós Graduação em História da UDESC. A entrevista foi transcrita pelo mestrando Hudson Campos Neves.
How do A‐train sensors intercompare in the retrieval of above‐cloud aerosol optical depth? A case study‐based assessment
Authors: Jethva Hiren , Torres Omar , Waquet Fabien , Chand Duli , Hu Yongxiang
Published: December 2013

We intercompare the above‐cloud aerosol optical depth (ACAOD) of biomass burning plumes retrieved from A‐train sensors, i.e., Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances (POLDER), and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). These sensors have shown independent capabilities to retrieve aerosol loading above marine boundary layer clouds—a kind of situation often found over the southeast Atlantic Ocean during dry burning season. A systematic comparison reveals that all passive sensors and CALIOP‐based research methods derive comparable ACAOD with differences mostly within 0.2 over homogeneous cloud fields. The 532 nm ACAOD retrieved by CALIOP operational algorithm is underestimated. The retrieved 1064 nm AOD however shows closer agreement with passive sensors. Given the different types of measurements processed with different algorithms, the reported close agreement between them is encouraging. Due to unavailability of direct measurements above cloud, the validation of satellite‐based ACAOD remains an open challenge. The intersatellite comparison however can be useful for the relative evaluation and consistency check.
Insights into water level response to seismic waves: A 24 year high‐fidelity record of global seismicity at Devils Hole
Authors: Weingarten Matthew , Ge Shemin
Published: December 2013

We studied the 24 year record of water level responses in Devils Hole, Death Valley National Park, NV, to dynamic crustal stresses from earthquakes. The continuous water level record exhibited 219 responses from earthquakes around the world, displaying hydroseismogram and coseismic offset types of response. We found that the water level in Devils Hole is extremely sensitive to earthquakes, and the seismic energy density required to initiate both hydroseismogram and coseismic offset responses is e ~ 10−6 J/m3, 2 orders of magnitude smaller than previously documented. Multiple mechanisms at Devils Hole may be responsible for observed water level responses to distant earthquakes. The hydroseismogram‐type responses are best explained by poroelastic deformation, while coseismic offset responses are likely the result of localized permeability changes. This study could have implication to studying dynamic triggering of earthquakes, as remote earthquakes can lead to pore pressure changes and consequently effective stress changes in fluid‐filled fault zones.
Agricultural conversion without external water and nutrient inputs reduces terrestrial vegetation productivity
Authors: Smith W. Kolby , Cleveland Cory C. , Reed Sasha C. , Running Steven W.
Published: December 2013

Driven by global population and standard of living increases, humanity co‐opts a growing share of the planet's natural resources resulting in many well‐known environmental trade‐offs. In this study, we explored the impact of agriculture on a resource fundamental to life on Earth: terrestrial vegetation growth (net primary production; NPP). We demonstrate that agricultural conversion has reduced terrestrial NPP by ~7.0%. Increases in NPP due to agricultural conversion were observed only in areas receiving external inputs (i.e., irrigation and/or fertilization). NPP reductions were found for ~88% of agricultural lands, with the largest reductions observed in areas formerly occupied by tropical forests and savannas (~71% and ~66% reductions, respectively). Without policies that explicitly consider the impact of agricultural conversion on primary production, future demand‐driven increases in agricultural output will likely continue to drive net declines in global terrestrial productivity, with potential detrimental consequences for net ecosystem carbon storage and subsequent climate warming.
Fine structure of large‐amplitude chorus wave packets
Authors: Santolík O. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Bounds S. R.
Published: December 2013

Whistler mode chorus waves in the outer Van Allen belt can have consequences for acceleration of relativistic electrons through wave‐particle interactions. New multicomponent waveform measurements have been collected by the Van Allen Probes Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science's Waves instrument. We detect fine structure of chorus elements with peak instantaneous amplitudes of a few hundred picotesla but exceptionally reaching up to 3 nT, i.e., more than 1% of the background magnetic field. The wave vector direction turns by a few tens of degrees within a single chorus element but also within its subpackets. Our analysis of a significant number of subpackets embedded in rising frequency elements shows that amplitudes of their peaks tend to decrease with frequency. The wave vector is quasi‐parallel to the background magnetic field for large‐amplitude subpackets, while it turns away from this direction when the amplitudes are weaker.
The last 130 ka precipitation reconstruction from Chinese loess 10Be
Authors: Zhou Weijian , Xian Feng , Du Yajuan , Kong Xianghui , Wu Zhenkun
Published: December 2013

Cosmogenic 10Be is a promising precipitation index, because its fallout flux in sediments is mainly controlled by wet precipitation after its production in the atmosphere. Here we report on a new study for reconstructing precipitation during the last 130 ka using 10Be measurements from Chinese loess, with multivariable linear regression to remove the geomagnetic field modulation and dust flux dilution effects from the loess 10Be record. The broad similarity between our result and speleothem δ18O indicates that the new precipitation record is robust. It also records an interesting increase in precipitation that occurred during Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3), exhibiting a similar rainfall amount with that of MIS 5, suggesting that MIS 3 is a special period with strengthened summer Monsoon intensity. By comparison with a stacked marine isotope record and a summer insolation record, our precipitation data clearly show a close correspondence with Northern Hemisphere summer (June, July, and August) solar insolation changes on orbital timescales. During MIS 3, our record follows the insolation differential between 30°N and 30°S, suggesting that rising rainfall changes during MIS 3 are a response to the interhemispheric summer insolation differential forcing.