bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Factor VIIa to Control Excessive Bleeding Following Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Tobias Joseph D. , Simsic Janet M. , Weinstein Samuel , Schechter William , Kartha Vyas , Michler Robert
Published: September 2004

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa) in the treatment of bleeding following cardiac surgery in a pediatric population. The study included a case series of postcardiac surgical patients with chest tube output of= 4 mL/kg/h for the initial 3 postoperative hours who received rFVIIa. Chest tube output for the 3 hours before and the 3 hours after rFVIIa was compared using a pairedt test. In addition, chest tube output for the initial 3 postoperative hours and the 3 hours following rFVIIa was compared to 8 control patients who did not require rFVIIa. Recombinant factor VIIa was administered to 9 children (age = 9 ± 4 years) following repair of tetralogy of Fallot (6), closure of ventricular septal defect (1), closure of sinus venosus atrial septal defect (1), and mitral valve repair (1). Chest tube output for the initial 3 postoperative hours prior to the administration of rFVIIa was 5.8 ± 2.8 mL/kg/h and decreased to 2.0 ± 1.3 mL/kg/h for the 3 hours following the administration of rFVIIa (P= .002). In the patients that did not receive rFVIIa, chest tube output for the first 3 postoperative hours was 1.6 ± 0.9 mL/kg/h and 1.2 ± 0.6 mL/kg/h for the next 3 hours (P= nonsignificant when compared to chest tube output for the 3 hours following rFVIIa in patients who received rFVIIa). No adverse effects were noted. Recombinant factor VIIa decreased chest tubing bleeding following cardiac surgery in children. Given its potential therapeutic impact, rFVIIa warrants further investigation in the pediatric cardiac population.
Functional Imaging in Parkinson’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Colloby Sean , O’Brien John
Published: September 2004

Functional imaging modalities (positron emission tomography, single photon emission tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional magnetic resonance) allow aspects of regional cerebral function to be evaluated in various neuropsychiatric disorders. This review will summarize the use of such techniques in current imaging studies involving Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, with respect to assessing regional changes, using them in differential diagnosis, and monitoring disease progression and treatment effects. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2004; 17:158-163)
Are Parkinson’s Disease with dementia and Dementia with lewy Bodies the Same Entity?
Authors: Aarsland Dag , Ballard C. G. , Halliday Glenda
Published: September 2004

The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is based on an arbitary distinction between the time of onset of motor and cognitive symptoms. These syndromes share many neurobiological similarities, but there are also differences. Deposition of beta-amyloid protein is more marked and more closely related to cognitive impairment in DLB than PDD, possibly contributing to dementia at onset. The relatively more severe executive impairment in DLB than PDD may relate to the loss of frontohippocampal projections in DLB. Visual hallucinations and delusions associate with more abundant Lewy body pathology in temporal cortex in DLB. The differential involvement of pathology in the striatum may account for the differences in parkinsonism. Longitudinal studies with neuropathological and neurochemical evaluations will be essential to enable more robust comparisons and determine pathological substrates contributing to the differences in cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms. ( J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2004; 17:137-145)
Nonlinear Viscoelastic Response of a Wood–Plastic Composite Including Temperature Effects
Authors: Pooler Douglas J. , Smith Lloyd V.
Published: September 2004

Current timber waterfront structures require the use of treated lumber to reduce environmental damage. Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) have been proposed as an alternative to treated timber due to their potential for reduced water absorption and degradation without chemical treatment. Even though WPCs are primarily made of wood (58% wood flour in the current case) their mechanical response to applied loads is quite different. The current study attempts to describe the time and temperature dependence of a commercial WPC formulation. Characterization of the formulation was undertaken by means of a series of creep and recovery tests. A Prony Series was used to describe the material’s time dependent compliance, where time was shifted with stress and temperature to describe the observed nonlinear response and temperature dependence. Damage effects were successfully correlated isothermally using an effective stress. The model was evaluated by comparing the behavior predicted by the model with experimental results in 3-point bending and fatigue.
The Significance of Dielectric Spectroscopy in the Study of Transition Dynamics and Morphology of Transcrystallinity in Polymeric Composites
Authors: Ryabov Yaroslav E. , Marom Gad , Feldman Yuri
Published: September 2004

Transcrystallization, characterized by dense nucleation on the fiber surface and constrained radial crystalline growth, results in different crystalline morphology than that of the bulk. Concomitantly, it results in redistribution of the amorphous phase, generating rearrangement of the phase transition pattern. This can be identified by dynamic energy dissipation techniques such as highsensitivity dielectric spectroscopy performed in this study. Focusing on the glass transition, the dielectric properties of three sets of composites are considered, namely, aramid fiber-reinforced nylon 66, aramid fiber-reinforced poly(ether ether ketone), and ultrahigh molecular weight fiber-reinforced high-density polyethylene. This study demonstrates that dielectric spectroscopy is a unique experimental tool, highly sensitive to the presence of transcrystallinity via its effect on amorphous phase redistribution. Its sensitivity is reflected by a range of dielectric parameters, namely, the activation energy, the dielectric strength and Kirkwood correlation factor, the loss tangent, and the relaxation peak broadening. A number of composite–dielectric property combinations are presented.
Sacred Tobacco Use in Ojibwe Communities
Authors: Struthers Roxanne , Hodge Felicia S.
Published: September 2004

A sacred relationship exists between tobacco and American Indian ceremonial activities and beliefs.This ancient connection continuesto play an important role in American Indian communities including the Anishinabe (Ojibwe). Six Ojibwe traditional healers and spiritual leaders described the sacred use of tobacco during interviews. The research provides information on key-informant smoking behaviors, influence of tobacco-industry media, and 3 essential themes: the origin of sacred traditional tobacco; contemporary use and abuse of tobacco; and cultural strengths and meaning of tobacco in Anishinabe (Ojibwe) communities. Health professionals must recognize, be amenable to learn, and understand that sacred tobacco use and smoking commercial cigarette tobacco have separate purposes and functions. The challenge for health professionals, including nurses, is to retain the cultural use and value of tobacco while addressing the abuse and chronic effects of cigarette smoking when providing health care to American Indian clients.
The Infant Caring Process among Cherokee Mothers
Authors: Nichols Lee Anne
Published: September 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the social process of infant care among Cherokee mothers. Nineteen informants, who had an infant less than 2 years of age, were interviewed. The data were analyzed using the technique of constant comparative analysis. A social process of Indian infant care among Cherokee mothers was identified. Eight conceptsemerged from data analysis. The first and principal concept, being a Cherokee mother, describes the functions of being an Indian mother in Cherokee society. The other seven concepts describe the patterns of cultural care the mothers provided to their infants. These included accommodating everyday infant care, accommodating health perspectives, building a care-providing consortium, living spiritually, merging the infant into Indian culture, using noncoercive discipline techniques, and vigilantly watching for the natural unfolding of the infant. Trustworthiness and credibility of the generated theory were evaluated through multiple measures.
Interface Dynamics in Cause-Based Partnerships: An Exploration of Emergent Culture
Authors: Parker Barbara , Selsky John W.
Published: September 2004

This article examines the behavioral dynamics at the interface between organizations in strategic partnerships called cause-based partnerships (CBPs). These are partnerships between a corporation and one or more nonprofit organizations that address social meta problems such as environmental sustainability or social-justice challenges. Various a priori differences such as tasks, processes, and organizational cultures are expected to affect outcomes, but this article argues that a key determinant of successful CBP performance is behavioral dynamics at the interface between the partners. This article builds a framework for understanding these behavioral dynamics in terms of an emergent culture. Three scenarios—integration, reculturation, and separation—are described for how participants in CBPs continually negotiate a workable set of cultural practices among them-selves. Examples are basedon interviews with CBP managers. These explorations expand the basis for understanding CBP dynamics beyond those provided by static task, process, or common-culture explanations.
From ‘Psychology in Literature’ to ‘Psychology is Literature’
Authors: Moghaddam Fathali M.
Published: September 2004

Three categories, varying from lowest to highest levels of abstraction, of possible relationships between psychology and literature are critically examined. The first category represents the lowest level of abstraction and involves ‘psychology in literature’: literature as a source of psychological data; literature as a source of insights for psychology. The second involves literature as an independent variable; literature as a dependent variable; literature as understood through psychology. The third, at the highest level of abstraction, involves psychology as nomothetic and literature as idiographic; psychology as culture-free and literature as culture-bound; psychology as concerned with actual worlds and literature with possible worlds; and, finally, ‘psychology is literature’. Each option is viable at a particular level of abstraction, although ‘psychology is literature’ is particularly provocative, and also nurturing of cultural research.
Agency in Emotions
Authors: Achino-Loeb Maria-Luisa
Published: September 2004

These three contributions to the study of emotions offer occasionally overlapping, often very different, perspectives on what emotions are, how we can study them and why it is important to do so. While viewing emotions as responses to change, the three authors display different degrees of certitude about their normative value, the role of the social in their construction or display, and the possibility to observe them in the first place. In Ben-Ze’ev the value of emotions is assumed and the role of the observer is to describe them in their constitutive elements. While Nussbaum similarly views emotions as coping mechanisms, she joins Chodorow in enlarging the parameters of analysis to include the degree of reliability of different observational parameters and experiential stances. To an anthropologist’s eye, the interest of these approaches rests on their silent assumptions regarding what constitutes normalcy; whether the personal and the social are discrete or inextricable experiences; and what agency may be involved in the forging of either.
Tracking the Transitional Demand for Legal Recall: The Foreclosing and Promise of Law in Argentina
Authors: Paolantonio Mario Di
Published: September 2004

The article tracks the symbolic role that law plays in the varying phases of the transition to democracy in Argentina. It offers a descriptive and conceptual account of how the struggle for legal recall was structured against the force of containment wielded by the state. Focusing on the social demand that comes before Judge Cavallo’s 2001 ruling, which overturned the amnesty laws protecting the military from being prosecuted for past rights violations, the article concerns itself with how the resolve and desire for law are sustained. It thus reflects on how the unfulfilled promises for justice helped to shape a legacy, a pedagogical resource, which was utilized to contest the conciliatory politics and settlements brokered by the state.
International Therapeutic Peace and Justice in Bosnia
Authors: Pupavac Vanessa
Published: September 2004

During the 1990s international policy highlighted the psychological effect of war on populations and promoted psychosocial programmes to facilitate psychological healing. The rapid rise of concern for war trauma is influenced by the contemporary Anglo-American therapeutic ethos, which analyses political, economic and social issues in terms of cycles of emotional dysfunctions. The article critically examines the development of an international therapeutic paradigm. The article contends that international therapeutic governance pathologizes war-affected populations as psychologically dysfunctional and lacking the capacity for self-government without extensive external empowerment. Yet international therapeutic governance may actually inhibit post-war recovery even as its model of therapeutic justice and development seeks that populations lower their expectations of the peace and curb their aspirations.
Conduct Problems and Peer Rejection in Childhood: A Randomized Trial of the Making Choices and Strong Families Programs
Authors: Fraser Mark W. , Day Steven H. , Galinsky Maeda J. , Hodges Vanessa G. , Smokowski Paul R.
Published: September 2004

This article discusses the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention designed to disrupt developmental processes associated with conduct problems and peer rejection in childhood. Compared with 41 children randomized to a wait list control condition, 45 children in an intervention condition received a social skills training program. At the same time, their parents participated in an in-home family intervention. Compared with control group children, intervention children demonstrated significant improvements on five of six outcome measures. Differences between the experimental and control groups suggest the programs strengthen children’s prosocial behavior, promote their ability to regulate emotions, and increase social contact with peers. Intervention also was associated with significant improvements in classroom comportment and decreases in relational aggression, a measure of coercion in peer relationships. The findings are consistent with those of other programs effective in interrupting risk processes associated with conduct problems in childhood and early adolescence.
Trollope's The Fixed Period: A Nineteenth-Century Novel Revisited
Authors: Silverman Sam
Published: September 2004

Anthony Trollope's 1882 novel, The Fixed Period, posits a state in which the elderly, at the age of sixty-seven, are to be deposited in a “college,” there to spend a year being taken care of in preparation for their disposal by cremation by having their veins cut before the age of sixty-eight. Justification for this euthanasia is the anticipated ills of old age and the economic benefits to the state of disposing of no longer productive citizens who nevertheless place a burden on society. The issues raised by Trollope remain with us today: What shall we do with the no longer productive elderly? How do we define murder? How shall we dispose of bodies in an era of increasingly limited land? and What are the consequences of an approach to improving the quality of humanity by eliminating those considered to be unfit? Trollope's novel, then, maintains an interest for the contemporary reader.
Remembering Those Who Have Gone Before: The Importance of AIDS Memorial Services for Families and Friends
Authors: O'Connor Catherine A. , Fauchald Sally K. , Patsdaughter Carol A. , Grindel Cecelia Gatson , Medeiros Maria Susana
Published: September 2004

In the 1980s and early 1990s, numerous deaths of people with AIDS resulted in regularly sponsored memorial services for families and friends. Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapies, people living with AIDS experience longer life expectancy. Subsequently, memorial services have gradually been eliminated, primarily due to a decreased death rate among those who are HIV infected. The purpose of this study was to examine the meaning of an annual memorial service for loved ones who had lost someone to AIDS. Thirty-four family members and friends participated in telephone interviews and provided descriptions of the meaning of the annual memorial service. Findings revealed that this service assured them that the deceased was not forgotten. Often, the memorial service was the only outlet families, particularly members of minority and disenfranchised groups, had to mourn the deceased. Persons who attended the service found it comforting to gather to remember loved ones lost to AIDS.
Customer Expectations
Authors: Humphreys John H.
Published: September 2004

Herman Morris, Jr., is Memphis Light, Gas, and Water’s (MLGW) president and CEO. He provides leadership to 2,700 employees and oversees a U.S.$1.1 billion budget for America’s largest three-service utility. In 2002, Mr. Morris was named a finalist for the Platts/Business Week Global Energy Awards in the category of CEO of the Year. The Platts/Business Week Global Energy Awards program is the most prestigious in the industry. Morris’s nomination focused on his incomparable integrity, courage, vision, decisiveness, and leadership. These characteristics have carried MLGW to exceptional heights. Under Morris’s leadership, MLGW has received numerous honors and awards, including earning Moody’s Investor Service’s AAA and Standard and Poor’s AAA bond ratings. MLGW is the only utility in the world to hold these coveted and highly respected ratings.
Impaired Student Counselors: Ethical and Legal Considerations for the Family
Authors: Enochs Wendy K. , Etzbach Colleen A.
Published: September 2004

It is not uncommon to hear about a family’s experience with a family counselor who is impaired in some fashion such as being burned out, experiencing stress, or dealing with his or her own personal issues. However, it is unethical to continue to practice or to knowingly allow a family counselor to continue when the impairment ultimately negatively affects the clients. An issue that is at the core is accepting students into the counselor education program and allowing them to continue in the program despite personal characteristics or mental health issues that prevent them from developing professionally and personally. This article addresses this issue, examines legal implications and cases, and provides recommendations for counselor educators.
Attachment and Adult Romantic Relationships: An Interview with M. Carole Pistole
Authors: Sheperis Carl J. , Hope Keely J. , Ferraez Amber
Published: September 2004

Dr. M. Carole Pistole is an associate professor in the Department of Educational Studies at Purdue University. She is regarded as a leading researcher in adult attachment theory. In addition to chapters and editorials, she has published more than 25 refereed journal articles. Dr. Pistole’s adult attachment theory work incorporates two complementary bonding systems: attachment and caregiving. The knowledge gained from Dr. Pistole’s testing of theory has increased confidence in the basic tenets of attachment theory and contributed to understanding how people can better conduct or, when necessary, end their central emotional relationships. Her work includes theory development, particularly with regard to counseling practice. She has incorporated theoretical and measurement developments into her work, as reflected in using the four-category model of attachment and a multi-item attachment measure that permits more sophisticated statistical analyses. For more information on attachment and Dr. Pistole’s research efforts, readers are encouraged to visit her Web site at http://www.edst.purdue.edu/pistole/. The following interview was conducted in August 2003 via conference call.
Black Skin/White Masks: The Performative Sustainability of Whiteness (With Apologies to Frantz Fanon)
Authors: Alexander Bryant Keith
Published: September 2004

This article uses the iconic text Black Skin/White Masks by Frantz Fanon as a metonymic trope to examine the nature of White Studies through the autobiographical frame of a Black critic. The article is structured around three components. First, the socially constructed identity of “Whiteness” as embedded in, emergent from, and critiqued by those in (and of) the project of White Studies. Second, it addresses the question of how White Studies serves as a project for “sustaining Whiteness,” in light of increasing social and cultural critique of Whiteness. Third, the article initiates an argument for the performative nature of Whiteness that crosses borders of race and ethnicity. The article also address issues of authenticity embedded in the politics and intersections of performing race and culture while extending the notion of Whiteness, like Blackness, as a performative accomplishment.
“I Couldn’t go Anywhere”
Authors: James Susan E. , Johnson Janice , Raghavan Chitra
Published: September 2004

The authors examine the narratives of 24 substance-addicted welfare recipients to understand how their neighborhoods provide a particular context for substance abuse, violence, and social isolation. The authors also examine the relationships among substance abuse, violence, and social isolation. Overall, these narratives indicate that place of residence influences one’s social networks and exposure to drugs, which subsequently influence women’s experiences with substance abuse and domestic violence. The authors suggest a cohesive framework for understanding women’s experiences, that of structural violence as experienced through neighborhood living conditions, which fosters social isolation and vulnerability to long-term drug use and domestic violence.
Battered Women’s Multitude of Needs
Authors: Allen Nicole E. , Bybee Deborah I. , Sullivan Cris M.
Published: September 2004

To better illuminate the elements of an effective community response to domestic violence, this study examined how survivors prioritized their help-seeking activities and what their priorities revealed about their patterns of need. This study expanded on Sullivan and Bybee’s findings regarding the utility of community-based advocacy by examining whether the extent to which such advocacy was effective was dependent on the types of needs that survivors presented. Cluster analysis revealed five distinct subgroups of survivors: one focused primarily on activities to acquire housing, a second worked more on education and employment, a third focused heavily on legal issues, and two groups were characterized by survivors’ level of activity across a variety of needs (high and low). Despite the varied constellations of needs survivors presented, broad-based advocacy enhanced survivors’ effectiveness in mobilizing needed community resources. These findings suggest that comprehensive and individualized approaches to advocacy for battered women are essential.
Prostitution on Demand
Authors: Raymond Janice G.
Published: September 2004

Research, programs, and legislation related to sex trafficking are often premised on the invisibility of the male buyer and the failure to address men’s role in buying and abusing women in prostitution. Governments, UN agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and others act as if the male demand for sexual exploitation is insignificant, or that prostitution is so entrenched because, after all, “men will be men.” Little research on trafficking has focused on the so-called customer as a root cause of trafficking and sexual exploitation. And even less legislation has penalized the male customer whose right to buy women and children for prostitution activities remains unquestioned. This article looks at the demand—its meaning, the myths that rationalize why men buy women in prostitution, qualitative information on the buyers in two studies conducted by the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW)—as well as best practices that address the gender of demand.
The American City in the Age of Terror
Authors: Eisinger Peter
Published: September 2004

The terror attacks of September 11, 2001, on New York and Washington, D.C., may be seen among other things as assaults on American cities as urban places. It would not be surprising in this light if Americans began to rethink the role and functions of cities in the aftermath of terror. This article explores the early effects of terror on government and policy, the urban economy, and city life. It concludes first that cities have taken on a range of new responsibilities focused on homeland security and that a new, though fractious, set of inter governmental relations is emerging to support these activities. Urban economies were initially hurt by the declines in tourism and business travel, but most cities appear to be recovering. Few lasting effects on city life are evident. It would appear that the fortunes of American cities are less subject to one-time external shocks such as the terror attacks than to larger, long-term forces in the economy and society.
Coordination as a Strategy for Serving the Transportation Disadvantaged
Authors: Schlossberg Marc
Published: September 2004

Given many public services previously delivered by federal and state entities continue to devolve to more local levels of service delivery and programmatic control, interorganizational coordination serves as an approach for the public sector to ensure that services are efficiently delivered in a nonduplicative manner. This article explores the issue of coordination by examining three different policy approaches toward local coordination of transportation services for the transportation disadvantaged. Local transportation services for the disadvantaged are often delivered by a variety of nonprofit organizations, operated independently by multiple entities in a community, and result in duplicative, overlapping, and uncoordinated services. The analysis concludes that although coordination sounds like an easy and magical policy solution to be effective, state-level policies must, at a minimum, target and fund the coordination process. Differing examples of how this goal is to be reached, along with an exploration of state-level and local-level activities, are presented.
A Comparison of Item Response Theory and Confirmatory Factor Analytic Methodologies for Establishing Measurement Equivalence/Invariance
Authors: Meade Adam W. , Lautenschlager Gary J.
Published: September 2004

Recently, there has been increased interest in tests of measurement equivalence/ invariance (ME/I). This study uses simulated data with known properties to assess the appropriateness, similarities, and differences between confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory methods of assessing ME/I. Results indicate that although neither approach is without flaw, the item response theory–based approach seems to be better suited for some types of ME/I analyses.
Geometrical Nonlinear Deformation Effects in Composite Sandwich Plates Subjected to In-Plane Shear Loads
Authors: Wang Jingbo , Vinson Jack R. , Glancey James L.
Published: September 2004

An experimental and analytical study is presented to investigate the nonlinear behavior of foam core sandwich plates subjected to in-plane shear loads. Due to the low flexural stiffness of sandwich structures, the geometrical nonlinear deformation effects tend to appear earlier in foam core sandwich plates than in other laminated and sandwich plates. However, the analysis performed is applicable to any laminated or sandwich composite plate. In studies presented herein the Theorem of Minimum Potential Energy has been used to determine the deflections, strains, and stresses in the plate. Polynomial functions are used that satisfy all of the boundary conditions. It is seen from the analytical results that the lateral deflection and the in-plane shear strains and stresses are nonlinear functions of the applied loads. In addition, the in-plane normal strains do occur under the laterally applied loads which cause the inequality of principle strains between the compressive face strains and the tensile face strains.
Rhetorics of Efficiency, Fashion and Politics
Authors: Comtois Elise , Denis Jean-Louis , Langley Ann
Published: September 2004

Drawing on a content analysis of discourse surrounding five sequential hospital merger decisions, this research examines the role of efficiency considerations, fashion and politics in stimulating the adoption of a managerial idea. The article analyses how different arguments come to be intertwined. It illustrates how rational and institutional arguments are used to legitimate political strategies while simultaneously constituting the apparatus of legitimation for others in a reciprocal process that contributes to the persistence of those same strategies. The article thus confirms the key role of politics, interests and agency in the evolution and constitution of institutions, and in the diffusion of managerial ideas.
Rethinking the Dissemination of Management Fashion
Authors: Fincham Robin , Roslender Robin
Published: September 2004

In research on management knowledge, a tension often exists between perspectives that stress the effects of structural and institutional forces on the spread of new knowledge within managerial communities versus a more action-focused and organizationally embedded perspective on dissemination. This article contributes to the critique of dissemination theory by exploring the fashion for Intellectual Capital Accounting. ICA is a set of accounting models for managing knowledge-based assets and represents a poorly institutionalized variable type of fashion. The findings from case studies of ICA in six UK firms are at variance with the image of packages of knowledge being transferred into organizations. They confirm a process of dissemination that was much more a function of operational constraints and the level to which internal controls had developed; firms seemed to come to ideas via distinctive processes internally constructed around current problems and agendas, technical constraints, and the actions of a range of sponsoring groups.
The Managing of the (Third) World
Authors: Cooke Bill
Published: September 2004

This paper is about the relationship between management, a First World discipline, and the Third World. Management is widely assumed to apply in organizations in modern, or postmodern, societies. However, a distinctive form of management, Development Administration and Management (DAM), exists and is applied to Third World nation-states, which are deemed in the First World to require modernization. This article sets out the institutional and conceptual separation and crossover between management and DAM. It then goes on to consider DAM in practice, demonstrating how it, and through it management, are complicit in neo-liberal World Bank interventions in the Third World. It concludes by reviewing the implications of the status of DAM, and management, as direct instruments of national-level neo-liberal change.
Recalling Sexual Partners: The Accuracy of Self-Reports
Authors: Jaccard James , McDonald Robert , Wan Choi K. , Guilamo-Ramos Vincent , Dittus Patricia , Quinlan Shannon
Published: September 2004

Accuracy of recall of the number of sexual partners individuals had over a period of one month, three months, six months and one year was studied in a group of 285 young, single, heterosexual adults. Self-reports of the number of partners were obtained on a weekly basis and then compared with recall of behavior over longer time periods that overlapped the weekly measures. For individuals who claimed abstinence or who claimed to be monogamous, accuracy of recall was relatively high, especially at the shorter time frames. Level of education was related to accuracy for claimed abstainers, such that lower levels of education were associated with lower accuracy of recall. Accuracy rates for individuals who reported having multiple sexual partners tended to be lower and were found to be related to one’s propensity to engage in casual sex.
Physical and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Health-promoting Behaviors among Elderly Chinese with Type-2 Diabetes
Authors: Wu Anise Man Sze , Tang Catherine So-Kum , Kwok Timothy Chi Yui
Published: September 2004

This study explored how physical and psychosocial factors influenced the practice of health-promoting behaviors among elderly Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes. Individual structured interviews were conducted with 191 elderly Chinese attending an outpatient clinic in Hong Kong. Results showed that demographic and illness characteristics were unrelated to health practices. Participants were more likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors when they were physically well, valued their health, were confident of practicing the behaviors and viewed their illness as controllable by both doctors and themselves. The above factors exerted their respective main effects, instead of interaction effects, in predicting health practices.
‘We See America’:
Authors: Lagerkvist Amanda
Published: September 2004

In this article I explore the many different meanings of the mediatized meeting with New York (how gazing at the Manhattan skyline ‘felt like being at the movies’) from the point of departure of how traveling Swedes – mainly male, middle aged and of middle- and upper-class backgrounds – made sense of America in travel writing from 1945–1963. By analyzing the pivotal arrival scenes in these narratives in conjunction with the accompanying illustrations, I investigate the kinds of gazes that were called upon. I set out by arguing that their gazes reinforced a kind of ‘medial attitude’ which resonated with strong traditions of traveling and visualizing the other. But the article ultimately shows that when they approached the new world, experiences of mediatization and movement also invoked a range of other viewing possibilities that bore witness to their stance being first and foremost that of ambivalence, which implied that their gaze, their masculinity and their authority were set in motion.
Darker Cities
Authors: Milner Andrew
Published: September 2004

This article makes use of Darko Suvin’s theory of the novum and Raymond Williams’s cultural materialism to analyse three urban-dystopian science fiction films: Fritz Lang’s Metropolis (1927), Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner (1982) and Alex Proyas’s Dark City (1998). It argues for the central significance of utopia, dystopia and cinema to SF. It explores the themes of class and gender, the uses of intertextuality, and the representations of the human and the posthuman in these three films. Drawing on Jameson, Baudrillard and others, it argues that the first film exhibits a characteristically modern, the latter two different versions of a characteristically postmodern, ‘structure of feeling’.
Translocations of Affirmation
Authors: Gow Greg
Published: September 2004

This article concerns the media cultures of anticolonial stateless groups. The discussion is based upon the case of the Oromo, an ethno-national group within Ethiopia. The translocal dimensions of media and cultural flows among the Oromo are investigated, with a focus upon the important interlocutory roles of artists, media and cultural workers in diaspora contexts. The article indicates how Oromo people performatively conjoin with and chaotically produce their own mediascapes – at the various sites called the loci of affirmation – in the process of imagining themselves to be members of a global diaspora. An important theme is efforts by consecutive Ethiopian regimes to curb the influence of diaspora mediascapes within their borders.
The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Home Services: Telecare Does not Satisfy the Needs of the Elderly
Authors: Söderlund Riitta
Published: September 2004

Computer-based information and communication technology (ICT) is used in many service sectors. In home services, it has been considered whether it would be possible to support independent living of the elderly by using ICT; dependant on the needs of the elderly and whether those needs can be satisfied with ICT. In this study, the coping capabilities of 13 elderly clients of a Finnish home service office were assessed using the Finnish RaVa index. All the clients had severe dis abilities and needed help, e.g. to wash and dress. To satisfy such needs, telecare and the telemonitoring of homes are not enough; physical production and human labour are essential in the continuing absence of service robots. Thus, the major focus in organizing home services in the best possible way should be on the use of human labour, not on investing in ICT.
‘Live in Your World, Play in Ours’: The Spaces of Video Game Identity
Authors: Murphy Sheila C.
Published: September 2004

This article discusses how console video games map televisual space as both simulated and contiguous with the non-virtual space of the gamers and their own bodies. Gamer identification, identity politics in video games, video game stars and video game violence are also explored here. Murphy argues that video games utilize televisual technology to produce interactive experiences for gamers, whose own bodies are physically impacted by game play in subtle ways. How video gamers interact with the virtual bodies of their player-characters is key to understanding how video games facilitate a different interaction with televisual space than that enacted through viewing television programming.
Accessing Social Work Case Files for Research Purposes
Authors: Hayes David , Devaney John
Published: September 2004

The use of social work case files as an important research resource is being threatened by the increasing regulation of both the research process and access to personal identifiable information. While these developments can be seen as a reaction to specific incidents of inappropriate research and the misuse of personal information, it is argued that the pendulum has swung too far the other way, and in seeking to protect the rights of vulnerable individuals, the lives of these same individuals may go unstudied with the consequence that they receive less appropriate services. Drawing upon the current research of the authors, this article explores the difficulties encountered in gaining access to social work case files for research purposes without the explicit consent of service users and highlights the uncertainty surrounding this issue. Suggestions are made for improvements in the situation.
The International Teacher
Authors: van Oord Lodewijk , Brok Perry Den
Published: September 2004

This study investigated students’ and teachers’ views of preferred teaching in terms of the teacher-student interpersonal relationship. Interpersonal teacher behaviour was studied by means of the Model for Interpersonal Teacher Behaviour. Data was gathered from 176 students and 39 teachers from two United World Colleges, one in Norway and one in Wales. Results of the study suggest small differences in the profile of preferred teaching between teachers and students. Moreover, differences in perceptions of the preferred interpersonal teacher were also found with respect to students’ gender and students’ and teachers’ continent of origin.
Dynamical Assessment of Structural Damage Using the Continuity Statistic
Authors: Moniz Linda , Pecora Louis , Nichols Jonathan , Todd Michael , Wait J. R.
Published: September 2004

Recent works by Nichols et al. (Nichols, J.M., Todd, M.D., Seaver, M. and Virgin, L.N. (2003). Use of chaotic excitation and attractor property analysis in structural health monitoring. Phys Rev E, 67(016209)) and Pecora et al. (Todd, M.D., Nichols, J.M., Pecora, L.M. and Virgin, L.N. (2001). Vibration-based damage assessment utilizing state-space geometry changes: Local attractor variance ratio. Smart Materials and Structures, 10, 1000-1008.) have shown that steady-state dynamic analysis of structural health exhibits advantages over transient vibrational analysis. A geometric representation of system dynamics can be used to extract information about a structure’s response to sustained excitation. Analysis of various features of the geometric representation can be used to describe the degree to which the dynamics have been altered by damage. Here, the feature we employ is the ‘‘continuity test,’’ a statistical test first described by Pecora et al. (Pecora, L.M., Carroll, T.L. and Heagy, J.F. (1997). Statistics for continuity and differentiability: an application to attractor reconstruction from time-series. Fields Institute Communications, 11). This test measures the probability that a continuous function exists from one geometric object to another. In this implementation, we formulate a new null hypothesis which serves to make the test less sensitive to noise in the data than the original test. Using experimental data from an excited three-story aluminum frame structure with multiple sensors at the joints, we show that the continuity test can be used not only to detect, but also in some cases to localize damage to particular joints in the frame structure.
Guanidine Hydrogen Phosphate-Based Flame-Retardant Formulations for Cotton
Authors: Vroman I. , Lecoeur E. , Bourbigot S. , Delobel R.
Published: September 2004

Classical flame-retardant treatments for cellulosic materials are phosphorous-nitrogen-based compounds. In this work, cotton fabric is treated with different formulations based on diguanidine hydrogen phosphate (DGHP) or monoguanidine dihydrogen phosphate (MGHP), individually or in combination with a resin (melamine) or with 3-amino propylethoxysilane (APS). Flame behaviour of the treated cotton fabrics is evaluated using the electric burner test and the limiting oxygen index (LOI). Their thermal stability is then examined using thermal analysis.

While all the formulations raise LOI higher than 30 vol.%, it was noticed that MGHP provides better flame-retardant properties than DGHP. The formulations can be classified into two groups: the first group, raising the LOI value between 30 and 40 vol.%, corresponds to the formulations of guanidine with or without melamine, and the second group, providing an LOI value between 60 and 70 vol.%, is formulations with APS. TG analysis reveals a significant difference in the thermal degradation of these two groups. While this degradation is initiated at lower temperatures for all padded fabrics compared to untreated cotton, the residual amounts of char is higher at 800 C for formulations with APS (i.e. the second group).
AFM Characterisation of Technical Fibres
Authors: Wei Q. F. , Wang X. Q.
Published: September 2004

Technical fibres are designed and produced to create microstructures that give the fibre product its characteristic properties. The use of new tools is of importance in fundamental and practical research and development of versatile technical fibres for a variety of applications. This paper highlights the methodological approaches to exploring the nanostructures, properties, and dynamics of surfaces and interfaces of technical fibres using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The examples presented include structure characteristics of nanofibre materials, nanostructure and properties of fibre surfaces, nanoscale level interactions at fibre interfaces, and dynamic nanostructure evolution of fibre surfaces under different conditions. In these areas, AFM is shown to be a useful and versatile tool to study nanostructures, to probe surface and interface properties, or to investigate the dynamic process at fibre surfaces and interfaces. AFM provides powerful tools for nondestructive characterisation of technical fibres.
Identifying Co-Occurring Disorders in Juvenile Justice Populations
Authors: Abrantes Ana M. , Hoffmann Norman G. , Anton Ronald P. , Estroff Todd W.
Published: September 2004

A structured diagnostic interview (Practical Adolescent Dual Diagnostic Interview, or PADDI) designed to gather basic information about substance use disorders, other mental health conditions, and related experiences was administered to 284 adolescents in several juvenile justice settings. PADDI data were analyzed to assess the ability of the questions to identify mental health and substance use problems and to provide a preliminary exploration of interrelationships between those conditions. Results indicated that PADDI subscales possess adequate to excellent internal consistency reliability, with coefficients ranging from .624 to more than .900. A vast majority of delinquent adolescents manifested indications of multiple problems. Although there were high correlations among some conditions with respect to severity, conduct disorder and substance dependence did not correlate highly on measurements of severity. Furthermore, although most conditions displayed bimodal distributions, conduct disorder displayed a continuous distribution of symptoms. Utility of the instrument for routine clinical use is also discussed.
Youth-on-Parent Violence in a Central Illinois County
Authors: Kethineni Sesha
Published: September 2004

Research on family violence has focused on spousal violence and child abuse with little attention to youth-on-parent violence. Limited survey data suggest that 10% of all juveniles hit their parents. These assaults create long-term detrimental effects. This study of 83 adjudicated juveniles in central Illinois, charged with domestic battery or violence against their parents, examined demographic characteristics of the juveniles and their parents/caretakers, reported criminal behaviors, drug/alcohol use, gang involvement, medical/mental/emotional/behavioral conditions, and school disciplinary problems. In addition, family dynamics, such as criminal convictions of family members, were analyzed. Juveniles’ mental/emotional conditions, drug/alcohol use, and gang involvement played important roles in parent battering.
Detection of BCR-ABL kinase mutations in CD34+ cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in complete cytogenetic remission on imatinib mesylate treatment
Authors: Chu Su , Xu Helen , Shah Neil P. , Snyder David S. , Forman Stephen J. , Sawyers Charles L. , Bhatia Ravi
Published: September 2004

The BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate induces complete cytogenetic response (CCR) in a high proportion of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. However, patients in CCR usually demonstrate evidence of residual BCR-ABL–positive progenitors. The mechanisms underlying persistence of small numbers of malignant progenitors in imatinib-sensitive patients are unclear. BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations affecting drug binding can lead to secondary resistance to imatinib. We show here that kinase mutations could be detected in CD34+ cells isolated from CML patients in CCR on imatinib. Most mutations seen have not been reported in previous clinical studies. Interestingly, several of the involved amino acid positions have been implicated in an in vitro mutagenesis screen. These BCR-ABL mutations were associated with varying levels of imatinib resistance. Two of 5 patients in whom mutations were detected on initial evaluation have relapsed. In addition, 4 patients in whom mutations were not initially detected, but with rising BCR-ABL mRNA levels on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) analysis, had mutations detected on follow-up evaluation. We conclude that BCR-ABL kinase mutations can be detected in CD34+ cells from CML patients in CCR on imatinib, may contribute to persistence of small populations of malignant progenitors, and could be a potential source of relapse.