bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade de vida de enfermeiros de unidades de terapia intensiva
Authors: Oliveira Eliardo da Silva , Oliveira Juliana da Silva , Carmo Érica Assunção , Ribeiro Ícaro José Santos , Cardoso Jefferson Paixão , Nery Adriana Alves
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida de enfermeiros (as) de unidades de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com 31 enfermeiros (as) de quatro unidades de terapia intensiva, de um hospital público do interior da Bahia, entre março e maio de 2021. Utilizou-se um formulário autoaplicável dividido em três blocos: dados sociodemográficos, dados relacionados à saúde e ao trabalho e o WHOQOL-Bref. A análise foi realizada através do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS, por meio de estatística descritiva e cálculo de médias dos domínios do instrumento de qualidade de vida. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino 25 (80,65%), tinha entre 21 a 30 anos 15(48,39%), da cor parda 20 (64,52%), solteira16 (51,61%), sem filhos 19 (61,29%), renda entre 1 a 3 salários mínimos 23 (74,19%).  Em relação às condições de saúde 13 (41,94%) informaram possuir alguma comorbidade, e quanto aos domínios da qualidade de vida foi obtido os escores: físico (73,50), relações sociais (73,20), psicológico (72,18) e meio ambiente (61,69). Conclusão: Os resultados apontaram para a maior presença do sexo feminino na categoria profissional e o seu comprometimento principalmente no que se refere ao domínio psicológico e meio ambiente.
A utilização do paciente virtual no atendimento cardiovascular na graduação em medicina
Authors: Besborodco Raphael Muszkat , Gomes Gabriel Dinis de Menezes , Pfeferman Mariana Becker , Armond Jane de Eston , Generoso Júnior José Roberto , Gonçalves Rodrigo Marques , Brandão Carolina Felipe Soares , Saad Júnior William Abrão
Published: October 2023

Objetivo: Comparar a performance de estudantes na avaliação cardiovascular através do uso de um paciente virtual em comparação com um paciente padronizado. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado, realizado em uma instituição privada de medicina, com início em agosto de 2020 e término em dezembro 2020. Para a avaliação foram utilizadas duas escalas criadas pelos autores e validadas pelos professores autores por consenso. As métricas utilizadas são da análise descritiva exploratória e da teoria clássica da medida para a análise das escalas. Resultados: A randomização foi feita por envelope fechado, onde 33 alunos (52,4%) para o treinamento no paciente virtual e 30 alunos (47,6%) para o grupo controle com paciente padronizado. Após 3 meses, os alunos realizaram uma avaliação sobre o mesmo caso clínico. O item da hipótese diagnóstica demonstrou maior diferença; com o paciente virtual score de 53,3% em relação a score do grupo controle em 26,7%. Este dado corrobora o que a literatura refere como maior ganho no uso desta estratégia. Conclusão: O paciente virtual foi utilizado de forma experimental e durante a pandemia pelo COVID-19. Os pacientes virtuais oferecem, oportunidades de feedback individualizado, revisitar ações realizadas durante a interação e permitir a comparação com protocolos de melhores práticas.
In Silico Analysis of Phenolic Compounds from Ceriops decandra Griff. Leaves and Molecular Interaction as Anti Diabetes
Authors: Puspitasari Yunita Eka , Alfikri Mochamad Arega , Sitanggang Romasni , Tambunan Jeny Ernawati , Hardoko Hardoko
Published: October 2023

α-amylase and α-glucosidase in the gastrointestinal tract have an important role in the hydrolysis α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic chain of starch, respectively. Inhibition of both enzyme activities becomes one of the strategies to control diabetes. However, commercial drugs such as antidiabetics have adverse effects such as gastrointestinal problems. Therefore, exploring functional food, especially from marine natural products as antidiabetic agents, is potential. In particular, Ceriops sp. was reported to contain bioactive compounds with antidiabetic properties, but its mechanism to treat diabetes has not been proved. The potency of phenolic compounds of C. decandra leaves as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors were examined in this research by implementing the molecular docking analysis in silico. Three steps of analysis were carried out in this study, including extraction from C. decandra leaves with different polarity solvents, identification of phenolic compounds using LC-HRMS, and molecular docking analysis of phenolic compounds identified from C. decandra leaves. This study revealed that quercetin, rutin, epicatechin, isorhamnetin, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were identified from C. decandra leaves. According to the drug-likeness and toxicity analysis, the presented compounds in C. decandra leaves had high potential pharmacological properties. Furthermore, molecular interaction analysis exhibited phenolic compounds extracted with ethyl acetate, such as quercetin and epicatechin, and with methanolic extracts, such as quercetin, rutin, epicatechin, and isorhamnetin, were more effective as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors than from caffeic acid and ferulic acid. Among the phenolic compounds of C. decandra leaves, rutin and quercetin were predicted to be the potential α-glucosidase inhibitors.
Secondary Metabolite of Endophytic Fungi Daldinia eschscholtzii from The Leaves of Syzygium polyanthum
Authors: Sari Mia Tirta , Widjajanti Hary , Ferlinahayati Ferlinahayati , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Oktiansyah Rian , Elfita Elfita
Published: October 2023

Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) is a plant that is often used by Indonesian people as traditional medicine. The leaves are consumed to treat various diseases. This study reports the endophytic fungi found from S. polyanthum leaves and its secondary metabolites. Endophytic fungi species were determined through morphological and molecular identification. Potato Dextrose Broth medium was used for the cultivation process and ethyl acetate was used as a solvent for the extraction process. Antioxidant tests was carried out by using the DPPH method. Chromatographic techniques were used for the isolation of secondary metabolite and spectroscopic analysis was carried out to identify their chemical structures. The results of morphological and molecular analysis showed that the sample was Daldinia eschscholtzii. The secondary metabolite obtained from this endophytic fungus was idetified as fonsecinone A with good antioxidant activity. The secondary metabolite have the potential to become a source antioxidants through further research.
Towards Sustainable City: A Covering Model for Recycling Facility Location-allocation in Nilai, Malaysia
Authors: Zaharudin Zati Aqmar , Shuib Adibah , Hadianti Rieske , Rodzi Zahari Md
Published: October 2023

Sustainable waste management is essential for any nation. To limit the amount of waste transported to landfills, it is critical to handle waste properly, notably by segregating recyclables from discarded waste. Waste separation at the source is critical to ensure that generated waste is not completely directed to landfill. The practice of waste separation would initiate the recycling process, which is able to reduce the amount of waste sent to the landfill. Recycling is critical to the achievement of two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 11 and 12, for which Malaysian government has set the goal for recycling rates to reach 40% by 2025 in 2022, the rate has reached 33.17%. In Malaysia, recyclables are either collected on-site or sent to a designated facility. The separation at source activity is essential for developing recycling practices. Despite being the largest waste generator, public engagement, particularly at the household level, has remained low, most likely due to recycling facility availability and accessibility issues. Thus, improving public access to the facility would lead to increased recycling rates. In this study, a mixed integer linear programming model is proposed to locate recycling facilities in optimal locations that cover the most amount of waste generated by households. The capacity level is induced to ensure that the dropped-off recyclables are proportionate at the designated facility locations. Several experiments were conducted for validity purposes, and the proposed model was applied in a Malaysian urban area, namely Nilai. As a result, the proposed model was able to locate the optimal locations with the requisite capacity level while ensuring coverage for most Nilai households.
Green Synthesis of KO Nanoparticles by Cold Plasma and Study of Their Properties for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed Jawad , Khaleel Rana Ismael , Talib Karar Mahdi , Mohammed Raghad S.
Published: October 2023

This study used the cold plasma technique to synthesize potassium oxide nanoparticles (KO NPs) from potassium chloride (KCl) with roselle extract leaves and examine their physical and biological characterization. The physical properties of KO nanoparticles were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and UV–Vis Spectroscopy. Analyses of XRD show the KO NPs with an average crystallite size of 108 nm. The EDX analysis shows that high-purity KO NPs have formed. SEM image shows the shapes of some KO NPs’ spherical with varying sizes ranging from 44.66 nm to 134 nm. According to UV–Vis spectra of KO NPs, the absorption edge of these nanoparticles exhibited a blueshift with an energy gap range (Eg) from 2.8 to 3.4 eV. The biological efficacy of KO NPs was also examined by testing their antibacterial and antifungal activity. To evaluate the toxicity of the KO NPs were tested in vitro and activated as antibacterial. Against some of the test organisms, the KO NPs demonstrated good antibacterial activity.
Formulation and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Capsules Containing Phyllanthus emblica L. Fruit Nanoparticles
Authors: Masfria Masfria , Sumaiyah Sumaiyah , Syahputra Hafid , Witarman Marwin
Published: October 2023

Phyllanthus emblica fruit has diuretic, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, antitumor, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, and antiulcerogenic activities making it possible as a traditional medicine in capsule form. Capsule preparations have the advantage of covering the unpleasant taste and smell of medicinal ingredients, easy to swallow, so they are practical to use. This study aimed to formulate Phyllanthus emblica fruit nanoparticles in capsules and to test the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and anti-inflammatory activity by observing denaturation inhibition in vitro. The method used to manufacture Phyllanthus emblica fruit simplicia nanoparticles was used using a High Energy Ball mill grinding machine. Capsule formulation was carried out with various doses of nanoparticles (100, 150, and 200 mg). Evaluation includes weight uniformity and disintegration time. Test of its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its anti inflammatory activity in vitro. The study found that all formulas could be made into capsules that met the evaluation test requirements. The results of the evaluation of disintegration time ranged from 6.17-11.33 minutes. For the evaluation results of weight uniformity, it was found that weight deviations in columns A1 and A2 were in the range between 0.9% to 2.8% and 0.9 to 1.3%. The study reports on the antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus emblica fruit nanoparticle capsules (PFNP) against Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results indicate that PFNP exhibits a dose-dependent antibacterial effect, with inhibition zone diameters of 10.83 mm, 11.6 mm, and 12.63 mm observed at 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg, respectively, against Streptococcus mutans. Similarly, PFNP demonstrated a dose-dependent antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with inhibition zone diameters of 10.7 mm, 11.4 mm, and 12.1 mm observed at doses of 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg, respectively. PFNP capsules showed inhibition results with a value of 5.63%, 6.13%, and 6.80%. It was concluded that Phyllanthus emblica fruit nanoparticles (Phyllanthus emblica L.) could be formulated in capsule dosage forms with doses of 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg; has antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and has no anti-inflammatory activity.
Fabrication and Characterization Fe3O4/Humic Acid for the Efficient Removal of Malachite Green
Authors: Ahmad Nur , Zahara Zaqiya Artha , Wijaya Alfan , Arsyad Fitri Suryani , Royani Idha , Lesbani Aldes
Published: October 2023

The dye pollutants that contaminate water and food resulting from commercial manufacture and illicit addiction are a worldwide threat that harms the ecosystem, the food supply, and the health of humans. Magnetite/Fe3O4 humic acid (MHA) with various ratios was synthesized using a two-step process involving coprecipitation and hydrothermal treatment in order to effectively overcome these obstacles. Analyses of SEM, XRD, FTIR, and VSM were used to describe the morphology and physicochemical aspects of MHA. The adsorption kinetics studies indicated that the adsorption mechanism of malachite green adhered to the pseudo-second-model and that the adsorption was adequately described by the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic studies demonstrated spontaneous, endothermic, disorderly adsorption. MHA2 had maximal malachite green adsorption capacities of 83.333 mg/g. Malachite green and MHA may interact via interaction, electrostatic attraction, van der Waals forces, H-bonding, pore filling, pore locking, and/or mechanical adhesion; however, physisorption dominates the adsorption process. Malachite green's adsorption characteristics change significantly after up to four cycles. It has been demonstrated that MHA has a high capacity for dye adsorption and a broad range of potential applications.
Optimal Conditions for Alkaline Delignification Process in Cellulose Isolation from Sengon Wood Sawdust
Authors: Cahyani Intan Martha , Adhyatmika Adhyatmika , Lukitaningsih Endang , Sulaiman Teuku Nanda Saifullah
Published: October 2023

Sengon wood sawdust (SWS) is a solid waste of the wood industry with the potential as a source of cellulose and can increase its economic value. However, cellulose in plants is tightly bound to lignin which is called lignocellulose therefore needs to be delignified before utilization. In this study, we determined the optimum conditions for delignification from sengon wood sawdust cellulose (SWSC). Optimization variables were determined with the parameter of obtained hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin content. The optimization of SWSC delignification was then carried out using the factorial design by analyzing the effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration (2% - 10%) and ratio (SWS : NaOH solution) (1:10 – 1:80) on hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin content. Optimal conditions were obtained at 2% NaOH (1:19.20) with concentrations of 8.01% hemicellulose, 52.49% cellulose, and 22.2% lignin. One sample T-test analysis of predictive and research values of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin showed insignificant results (P>0.05) which means that the optimization equation proved valid to determine the optimum conditions for cellulose delignification of sengon wood sawdust. FT-IR analysis, SEM imaging, and particle size distribution (PSA profile) showed that the cellulose produced under these conditions has similar characteristics to the standard of Avicel® PH 102.
Extreme Drought Assessment in Sumatra-Indonesia Using SPI and EDI
Authors: Suhadi Suhadi , Iskandar Iskhaq , Supari Supari , Irfan Muhammad , Akhsan Hamdi
Published: October 2023

Even though Sumatra is very vulnerable to the effects of drought, research identifying drought on this island is very limited, especially extreme drought. This research was conducted to identify extreme drought in Sumatra using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Effective Drought Index (EDI). This study uses precipitation data from the Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) and Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) reanalysis data. The composite indices were conducted to discover some phenomena that cause the drought based on El Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events. The results showed that the El Niño and positive IOD phenomena were more likely to influence extreme droughts. However, the droughts in 2014 and 2008 tended to be influenced by the negative Sea Surface Temperature anomaly (SSTA). The spatial analysis results show that the areas that experience extreme drought more often are the west coast of Sumatra (except Aceh province), especially based on SPI12 and EDI. The composite indices results show that the drought that occurred in Aceh province was more influenced by the El Niño phenomenon in the December-January-February (DJF) period and the positive IOD in the June-July-August (JJA) – September-October-November (SON) period. In addition, Aceh province is an area that is not affected by El Niño-positive IOD, especially during the SON-DJF period. These results can be used to mitigate drought, especially when El Niño-positive IOD phenomena cause it.
Kinematics, Kinetics and Muscle Activity Analysis during Single-leg Drop-jump Landing Followed by an Unanticipated Task: Focusing on Differences in Neurocognitive Function
Authors: Shibata Satoshi , Takemura Masahiro , Miyakawa Shumpei
Published: October 2023

Background

Lower neurocognitive function is a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, the mechanism by which lower neurocognitive function increases the risk of ACL injury remains unclear.

Purpose

To clarify the effect of differences in neurocognitive function on landing mechanics during a single-leg drop-jump landing motion followed by an unanticipated task.

Study Design

Cross-sectional study

Methods

Fifteen collegiate female athletes were recruited (20.1 ± 1.3 years, 166.6 ± 7.3 cm, 60.6 ± 6.9 kg) and were divided into two groups (the high-performance (HP) group and the lower-performance (LP) group) using the median Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) score. Three-dimensional motion analysis was employed for the analysis during the experimental task of a single-leg drop-jump followed by an unanticipated landing task from a 30-cm high box. Joint angular changes of the trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee were calculated within the interval from initial contact (IC) to 40ms. Knee and hip moments were calculated as the maximum values within the interval from IC to 40ms. Surface electromyography data from key muscles were analyzed 50ms before and after IC. Independent t-tests were used to compare the effects of different neurocognitive function on the measurement items. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

The SDMT score was significantly higher in HP group (HP: 77.9 ± 5.5; LP: 66.0 ± 3.4; p < 0.001). The LP group had a significantly greater trunk rotation angular change to the stance leg side (HP: 0.4 ± 0.8; LP: 1.2 ± 0.4; p = 0.020). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of joint moments, and muscle activities.

Conclusion

Differences in neurocognitive function by SDMT were found to be related to differences in motor strategies of the trunk in the horizontal plane. Although trunk motion in the sagittal and frontal planes during single-leg drop-jump landing increases the ACL injury risk by affecting knee joint motion, the effect of trunk motion in the horizontal plane remains unclear.

Level of Evidence

3

© The Authors
Hop to It! The Relationship Between Hop Tests and The Anterior Cruciate Ligament – Return to Sport Index After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in NCAA Division 1 Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Zarro Michael , Dickman Madelyn , Hulett Timothy , Rowland Robert , Larkins Derrick , Taylor Jeffrey , Nelson Christa
Published: October 2023

Background

Outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may not be optimal, with poor physical and psychological function potentially affecting return to sport (RTS) ability. Understanding the relationship between commonly used hop tests and the Anterior Cruciate Ligament – Return to Sport Index (ACL-RSI) may improve rehabilitation strategies and optimize patient outcomes.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between ACL-RSI scores and limb symmetry index (LSI) for the single hop for distance (SHD), triple hop for distance (THD), crossover hop for distance (CHD), timed 6-meter hop (T6H), and single leg vertical hop (SLVH) in a cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate athletes after ACLR. The hypothesis was that SLVH LSI would be more highly correlated with ACL-RSI score than all horizontal hop tests.

Study design

Cross-Sectional Study

Methods

Twenty-one National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate athletes (7 males, 14 females) at 6.62 ± 1.69 months after ACLR were included in this retrospective study. Primary outcomes were ACL-RSI score and LSI for SHD, THD, CHD, T6H, and SLVH. The relationship between ACL-RSI scores and performance on hop tests (LSIs) was evaluated using correlation analysis and step-wise linear regression (p ≤ 0.05).

Results

There were significant correlations found when comparing ACL-RSI and the LSI for SHD (rs = 0.704, p < 0.001), THD (rs = 0.617, p = 0.003), CHD (rs = 0.580, p = 0.006), and SLVH (rs = 0.582, p = 0.006). The CHD explained 66% (R2 value of 0.660) of the variance in the ACL-RSI, while the other hop tests did not add to the predictive model.

Conclusions

Physical function has the capacity to influence psychological status after ACLR. Clinicians should recognize that SLVH, SHD, THD, and CHD are correlated with ACL-RSI and improvements in physical function during rehabilitation may improve psychological status and optimize RTS after ACLR.

Level of evidence

Level 3
High Compliance with the 11+ Injury Prevention Program Results in Better Win-Loss Records
Authors: Silvers-Granelli Holly , Bizzini Mario , Mandelbaum Bert , Arundale Amelia , Pohlig Ryan , Snyder-Mackler Lynn
Published: October 2023

Background

The 11+ injury prevention program (IPP) has been shown to decrease injury rates. However, few studies have investigated compliance and its overall relationship to team performance.

Hypothesis/Purpose

To examine if level of compliance while implementing the 11+ would impact team performance outcomes (wins, losses and ties). The authors hypothesized that higher team compliance to the IPP would be consistent with improved overall team performance (more wins and fewer losses).

Study Design

Prospective, cluster randomized controlled trial

Methods

This study was conducted in NCAA men’s soccer teams for one season and examined the efficacy of the 11+ IPP. The outcome variables examined were levels of compliance and team performance record: wins, losses, and ties. Twenty-seven teams (n=675 players) served as the intervention group (IG) and used the 11+ program while 34 teams (n=850 players) served as the control group (CG). Compliance and team performance were recorded. There were three compliance categories that were defined prospectively, low (LC, < 1 dose/week), moderate (MC, >1 and <2 doses/week), and high (HC, >2 doses/week). Descriptive and inferential tests were used to compare the CG, the IG, and compliance to team performance. Three independent t-tests were used to analyze outcome to group (IG vs. CG). A one way-MANOVA test was used to analyze compliance to win/loss/tie record, followed up by one-way ANOVA tests to analyze how compliance impacted wins, losses and ties, independently. Partial η2 measures were calculated to determine the effect size of level of compliance on outcome. A Tukey post-hoc analysis was used to analyze specific differences between levels of compliance and specific outcome measures.

Results

There were significantly more wins (IG: 10.67±2.63 versus CG: 8.15±3.83, CI, 7.95 – 9.69, p = 0.005) and fewer losses (IG: 5.56±1.97 versus CG: 8.12±3.59, CI, 5.66 to 7.43, p = 0.002) recorded for the teams using the 11+ program. There was a statistically significant difference between levels of compliance (high, moderate or low) on the dependent variables (wins, losses, and ties), F(3, 22) = 3.780, p =0.004; Wilks’ Λ = .435; partial η2 = .340.

Conclusion

The 11+ has the capacity to improve overall team performance in male collegiate soccer teams. The higher the compliance, the more favorable the team performance. This research may be a vital addition when attempting to persuade coaching staffs to adopt an IPP into their training regimen.

Level of Evidence

Level I
Clinical Commentary: A Criteria-Based Testing Protocol for Return to Sport Post Hip Arthroscopy for Impingement
Authors: Hugenberg Gabriella , Stallons Jason , Smith Chad , Brockhoff Kathryn , Gingras Matthew , Yardley Darryl , Ayeni Olufemi , Almasri Mahmoud
Published: October 2023

Overall, 84%-87% of athletes will return to sport following hip arthroscopy; however, some literature suggests that only 57% of athletes return to their preinjury level, and only 16.9% report optimal performance. This discrepancy may be due to a lack of consistency within the definition of return to sport as well as a lack of consistency within rehabilitation programs when determining return to sport readiness. Athletes who are returning to sport must demonstrate adequate range of motion, strength, and the ability to perform multi-directional movements without the risk of reinjury. There has yet to be a comprehensive, criteria-based, return to sport testing protocol that utilizes objective measures to ensure athletes are ready for return to sport.

The goal of the authors was to create a criteria-based testing protocol for return to sport following hip arthroscopy utilizing components best supported in the literature.

The following parameters were identified as key areas to assess for within a return to sport testing protocol: range of motion, strength, functional testing, self-reported outcomes including psychological readiness and time. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to propose a criteria-based testing protocol to be used following hip arthroscopy for impingement from early rehabilitation through return to previous level of sport. Criteria are presented clearly to promote objective progression through rehabilitation while still being mindful of the biological healing time required for safe and efficient progression. It is the authors’ hope that in identifying and establishing a criteria-based testing protocol a higher percentage of athletes will be able to return to sport.

Level of Evidence

5
Changes in Running Kinematics and Kinetics Following a 10 km Run
Authors: Reinking Mark , Hill Emily , Marr Kathryn , Melness Kasey , Ortiz Dominique , Racasan Elsa , Wedl Nicholas , White Joshua , Baum Brian
Published: October 2023

Background

Little is known about changes in kinetics or kinematics following a 10 km training run. This information has implications on risk of running-related injury.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 10 km run on running kinematics and kinetics in a sample of experienced runners.

Study Design

Cross-Sectional Study

Subjects

Nineteen runners ages 18-48 (7 female, 12 male) consented to participate including eight (3 female, 5 male) ultra-runners, and 11 (4 female, 7 male) recreational runners.

Methods

Following collection of demographic data and completion of a short running survey, participants did a 6-minute run at their self-selected running speed to acclimate to the instrumented treadmill. Reflective markers were placed over designated anatomical landmarks on both sides of the pelvis as well as the left lower extremity and marked with a skin pen. Subjects then ran on the treadmill and 30 seconds of video data were recorded at 240 frames/sec using a high-speed camera for the sagittal plane and the frontal plane. Simultaneously, ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded at 1200 Hz through the treadmill’s embedded force plates. Each runner then ran 10 km on a paved trail at their self-selected pace. Immediately following the run, reflective markers were reattached, guided by markings placed before the run, and a 30-second post-run trial of the video and GRF data were recorded. Video data were analyzed using Kinovea software to measure the kinematic variables of interest. Paired t-tests with Bonferroni corrections were used to find if significant differences existed between pre- and post-run data for all kinematic and kinetic variables.

Results

No significant or clinically relevant differences existed between the pre- and post-run measurements for the kinematic or kinetic variables. The only significant difference noted between the ultra-runners and recreational runners was that the ultra-runners had significantly higher cadence (p=0.045).

Conclusions

A 10 km run at a self-selected pace did not result in change in the mean kinematic or kinetic variables in this group of experienced runners. Ultra-runners employ higher cadence than recreational runners, but their kinematics and kinetics are similar.

Level of Evidence

Level 3
Concurrent Validity of The Expanded Cutting Alignment Scoring Tool (E-CAST)
Authors: Butler Lauren , Martinez Alexa , Erdman Ashley , Sugimoto Dai , Loewen Alex , Milian Eryn , Wyatt Charles , Hayden Kristin , DeVerna Amie , Tulchin-Francis Kirsten , Ulman Sophia
Published: October 2023

Background

The Expanded Cutting Alignment Scoring Tool (E-CAST) has been previously shown to be reliable when assessing lower extremity alignment during a 45-degree sidestep cut, however, the validity of this tool remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the concurrent validity of the E-CAST by comparing visually identified movement errors from two-dimensional (2D) video with three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical variables collected using motion capture.

Study Design

Cross Sectional

Methods

Sixty female athletes (age 14.1 ± 1.5 years) who regularly participated in cutting/pivoting sports performed a sidestep cut with 2D video and 3D motion capture simultaneously recording. One clinician scored the 2D videos for each limb using the E-CAST criteria. Joint angles and moments captured in 3D were computed for the trunk and knee. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the accuracy of each E-CAST item and to provide cut-off points for risk factor identification.

Results

ROC analyses identified a cut-off point for all biomechanical variables with sensitivity and specificity ranging from 70-85% and 55-89%, respectively. Across items, the area under the curve ranged from 0.67 to 0.91.

Conclusion

The E-CAST performed with acceptable to outstanding area under the curve values for all variables except static knee valgus.

Level of evidence

3b
The Accuracy of Ankle Eccentric Torque Control Explains Dynamic Postural Control During the Y-Balance Test
Authors: Nozu Shojiro , Johnson Kristin A. , Tanaka Tsukasa , Inoue Mika , Nishio Hirofumi , Takazawa Yuji
Published: October 2023

Background

The Y-Balance Test (YBT), especially the posteromedial (PM) reach direction (PM-YBT), is able to identify dynamic postural control deficits in those who have ankle instability. However, there still exists a need to understand how sensorimotor function at the ankle explains the performance during the PM-YBT.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ability to accurately control eccentric ankle torque explained PM-YBT performance. It was hypothesized that eccentric dorsiflexion/plantarflexion torque control would be positively related to the maximum reach distance (MRD) of PM-YBT.

Study Design

Cross-sectional study

Methods

Twelve healthy subjects performed the PM-YBT, maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) for both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion muscle strength, and then the torque control testing of the ankle. The torque control testing provided a target torque level on a screen in front of the subject and passive rotations of the ankle joint in the sagittal plane at 10 deg/sec between plantarflexion to dorsiflexion. Subjects were then instructed to eccentrically contract the dorsiflexors and plantar flexors to generate torque while the ankle joint rotated. The accuracy of torque control during eccentric dorsiflexion and plantarflexion by calculating absolute errors, the area between the target torque and the produced torque were evaluated. Tibialis anterior and soleus muscle activities were simultaneously recorded during testing. A step-wise linear regression model was used to determine the best model predicted the MRD of the PM-YBT (PM-MRD).

Results

A step-wise linear regression developed a model explaining only eccentric dorsiflexion torque control predicted higher PM-MRD score (R2 = 44%, F1,10 = 7.94, β = -0.67, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

The accuracy of torque control during eccentric dorsiflexion predicts better performance in the PM-YBT.

Level of Evidence

3b
Biomechanical Basis of Interval Throwing Programs for Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dias Travis , Lerch Benjamin G. , Slowik Jonathan S. , Wilk Kevin E. , Andrews James R. , Cain E. Lyle , Fleisig Glenn S.
Published: October 2023

Background

Interval throwing programs are used in rehabilitation of throwing injuries, especially ulnar collateral ligament injuries. Athletes who are rehabilitating begin by throwing on flat ground progressing through increasing distances, number of throws, and intensity of throwing. If the athlete is a baseball pitcher, the flat-ground throwing phase is followed by pitching on a mound at progressively increased effort. The goal is to build back arm strength and capacity with an emphasis on proper mechanics.

Purpose

To determine whether interval throwing progressively builds joint kinetics (specifically, elbow varus torque) to the level required during full-effort baseball pitching. A secondary purpose was to examine the kinematics produced during interval throwing compared to those seen during baseball pitching.

Study Design

Systematic Review

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for biomechanical studies of flat-ground throwing and partial-effort pitching in baseball between 1987 and 2023. Studies that reported the biomechanics of either flat-ground throwing, or partial-effort pitching were included in this review. The AXIS tool was used to assess study quality.

Results

Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies were determined to be of moderate quality, while three studies were deemed high quality. Elbow varus torque during partial-effort pitching was less than during full-effort pitching. Elbow varus torque for most flat-ground throws did not exceed full-effort pitching torque. While most studies showed increased elbow varus torque with increased flat-ground throwing distance, the distance at which elbow varus torque matched or exceeded full-effort pitching elbow varus torque was not consistent.

As flat-ground throwing distance increased, shoulder external rotation angle and shoulder internal rotation velocity increased. Arm slot (forearm angle above horizontal) decreased as flat-ground throwing distance increased. For varied effort pitching, shoulder external rotation angle, shoulder internal rotation velocity, elbow extension velocity, and ball velocity increased as effort increased. While the front knee extended slightly from foot contact to ball release in full-effort pitching, the front knee flexed slightly during partial-effort pitching.

Conclusions

An interval throwing program progressively builds elbow varus torque up to levels produced in full-effort baseball pitching. While differences exist between interval throwing kinematics and pitching kinematics, the patterns are similar in general.

Level of Evidence

2
Reliability of Upper Extremity Functional Performance Tests for the Non-overhead Athlete
Authors: Riemann Bryan L , Davies George J
Published: October 2023

Background

While there have been reliability studies conducted on several upper extremity functional performance tests (UEFPT), there are several complicating factors that inhibit the ability to draw definitive consensus about the reliability of the tests in both females and males. Having reliability estimates for UEFPT in the same cohort facilitates direct comparison of their relative and absolute reliability.

Purpose

To establish the test-retest reliability of the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUEST), seated medicine ball chest pass test (SMBCPT) and hands-release push-up test (HRPUT) in a cohort of males and females with a history of non-overhead sport participation. A secondary purpose was to examine the associations between the three UEFPT.

Study Design

Test-retest reliability, single cohort study.

Methods

Forty adults (20 females, 20 males) with a history of non-overhead sport participation completed three UEFPT during two data collection sessions three to seven days apart. Measures of systematic bias, absolute reliability and relative reliability were computed between the sessions. Additionally, correlational analyses were conducted between the three UEFPT.

Results

Only the UECKCST (both sexes) demonstrated significant (p≤ 0.003) second session performance improvements. All three tests exhibited excellent relative reliability (intraclass correlational coefficients ≥ 0.823) and except for the HRPUT in males, coefficients of variation were all below 8.8%. Except for a significant relationship (r=.691, p=0.001) between the UECKCST and SMBCPT for the females there were no other associations between the three UEFPT.

Conclusion

All three UEFPT demonstrated sufficient reliability. Thus, all three assessments can be used for serial assessments to progress a patient through rehabilitation as well as contribute to the criteria used in making return to sport decisions.

Level of Evidence

3
Reliability and Concurrent Validity of a Markerless, Single Camera, Portable 3D Motion Capture System for Assessment of Glenohumeral Mobility.
Authors: Pottorf Ofra , Vapne Daniel , Ghigiarelli Jamie , Haase Kaitlyn
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Recent technological advancements have enabled medical, sport, and fitness professionals to utilize digital tools that assist with conducting movement examinations and screenings. One such advancement has been the implementation of a single camera, markerless, and portable 3D motion capture system designed to obtain ROM measurements for multiple body parts simultaneously. However, the reliability and validity of a markerless 3D motion capture system that uses a single camera has not been established.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and concurrent validity of this 3D motion capture system compared to a goniometer in assessing ROM of the glenohumeral joint.

Study Design

Quasi-experimental reliability, convenience sampling.

Methods/materials

Forty healthy volunteers (mean ± SD, age 27.4 ± 12.4 years, height 173.4 ± 11.1 cm, weight 72.1 ± 16.2 kg) participated in this study. Intrarater reliability was analyzed by ICC(2,k) with a 95% CI using two repeated trials for each shoulder movement (flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation) that were recorded simultaneously via two methods: a standard goniometer and a 3D motion capture system. Concurrent validity was analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient (r).

Results

The intrarater reliability between the two instruments for glenohumeral motions yielded an overall ICC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74-0.88) indicating good reliability for both instruments.

The 3D motion capture system demonstrated strong correlations with goniometry for shoulder flexion (r = 0.67), abduction (r = 0.63), and external rotation (r = 0.76), and very strong correlation for shoulder internal rotation (r = 0.84).

Conclusion

Results from this study indicated that a markerless, single camera, portable 3D motion capture system can be a reliable and valid tool to assess glenohumeral joint ROM in comparison to a standard goniometer.

Level of Evidence

3
PROBLEMS OF INTERRELATION OF THE CLIMATE AGENDA AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE EAEU
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Shkvarya Liudmila V. , Asmyatullin Ravil R. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: October 2023

The climate agenda is increasingly influencing the dynamics of the national economies of the countries of the world, social aspects and long-term prospects for sustainable growth. The article analyzes the possibility of using the climate agenda as a driver of growth of the national economies of the EAEU countries both in general and in the country aspect. The directions of updating the climate agenda for the EAEU countries are being investigated. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the main directions of application of the «green» agenda in Russia and in the EAEU, as well as existing concepts and approaches to solving this problem in the countries of the union, as a catalyst for socio-economic progress and integration interaction. The research is based on dialectical and institutional approaches. Despite the development of concepts of «green» development and financing of relevant projects in a number of countries, the climate agenda and environmental sustainability issues remain less relevant in practice, both at the country and integration levels. Increasing the activity of countries in this direction can provide at least economic benefits.
INFORMATION CAPITALISM OR INFORMATION WORLD?
Authors:   Russian New University (RosNOU), Alpatova El’mira S. , Klunko Natalia S. ,   Russian New University (RosNOU)
Published: October 2023

This article examines the peculiarities of the development of the modern stage of capitalism, which, in accordance with the dominance of information and digital technologies in the modern world, is called information capitalism. It is proved that the income differentiation inherent in capitalism is complemented by the digital divide in the modern world, aggravating the state of the problem of economic inequality in different parts of the planet. The productive forces of the modern information age are named, which are information, digital tools, big data, in accordance with which the production (economic) relations undergo changes. The evolution of the paradigm of «information economy» is traced, starting from the first studies of F. Makhlup, R.M. Solow, J. Stiglitz in the 50s-60s of the XX century and ending with the latest studies of M. Castells, T. Piketty. It is proved that the modern phase of capitalism, carrying the content of the digital age, nevertheless continues to remain essentially a capitalist formation with all the form-forming features inherent to capitalism.
An Argument for Co-Dependency: A Critique of Rewilding and Conventional Conservation
Authors:   , Davenport-Brown Haydn
Published: October 2023

Rewilding and conventional conservation are two competing conservation methods looking to preserve and halt the rapid decline of biodiversity. In this thesis I seek to identify the best conservation method. I argue for my solution of a “co-dependency”, due to the critiques I have against rewilding and conventional conservation and their respective philosophical values.

Rewilding is a conservation style that seeks the removal of human control, and advocates animal reintroductions and experimentation. Conventional conservation is simply the type of conservation presently regulated and enforced by New Zealand’s government law.

I argue that rewilding is paradoxical, and that some of its values taken too far exclude people who most depend on the landscape. The critique I have against government conservation is centered around the values of national parks, and I use the national parks of New Zealand as a case example. National parks are based on historical values created around the assumption that preserving large, scenic landscapes is of importance. But these values, akin to rewilding, have driven people from their homes and from the landscape itself, which has caused biodiversity to decline.

This continues systemically into the present day, with conventional conservation not being able to protect the biodiversity they were created to save by preventing direct management of the land. A co-dependency depends on the thought that as humans rely on nature, as does nature rely on humans for its flourishing. Any type of landscape can manifest this relationship, and the environments I argue best do so are the traditional landscapes of Europe. I show that some elements of rewilding and conventional conservation can be used in my solution, and that the two conservation styles can improve if they change their current values to focus on co- dependency.
Re-Socialising the Architect
Authors:   , Monkman Benjamin
Published: October 2023

This research uses the dominance of homeownership in New Zealand as a lens to critically reflect on architecture’s legitimacy and agency to work towards social good. It evaluates the hegemonic and assimilative forces that architecture can provide, seen in the naturalisation of homeownership as universal good and the greater implications of hegemony on architectural practice. In the context of New Zealand, this research qualifies a rapidly changing housing system and investigates what the architect and architectural practices must do within a society that is financialising housing to regain legitimacy as a social project, as well as observing the injustices within architectural labour. The research seeks to correct the increased prevalence of architecture as a tool of capital, and thus its retreat as a figure in social movements through re-examining the tradition of manifesto writing in architecture. The research is hopeful that an architect can become an emancipatory figure in social movements with a renewed sense of radicalism, activism, and social justice.