bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kleine Ursache – große Wirkung?
Authors: Klumb Jan , Kahlenborn Walter
Published: April 2018

Ab Juli 2000 sind betriebliche Pensionsfonds in Großbritannien verpflichtet, ihren Klienten Rechenschaft abzulegen: Wie werden ethische, soziale und öko­logische Aspekte bei der Anlage ihrer Altersgelder berücksichtigt? Auch wenn hieraus keine Verpflichtung zur stärkeren Berücksichtigung solcher Kriterien erwächst, könnte diese kleine Regelung einen erheblichen Impuls für das Ergrünen von Kapitalmärkten auslösen.
Lohnende Anpassungen
Authors: Gminder Carl Ulrich , Frehe Stefan
Published: April 2018

Die Integration des betrieblichen Umweltcontrollings in die bestehenden betriebswirtschaftlichen Informationssysteme gehört zu den wichtigen Heraus­forderungen eines integrierten Umweltmanagements. Was sind die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Integration des Konzepts der Flusskostenrechnung in das weit verbreitete System SAPR/3? Wie können damit Reststoffströme mengen- und wertmäßig erfasst und ausgewertet werden? Die vorhandenen Standardfunktionalitäten des SAPR/3 lassen sich hierfür gut ausnutzen.
Nutzungskonflikte bewältigen
Authors: Dehnhardt Alexandra , Meyerhoff Jürgen
Published: April 2018

Wie kann die ökologische Funktionsfähigkeit der Stromlandschaft Elbe erhalten und verbessert werden? Seit 1996 fördert das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung die Entwicklung entsprechender Nutzungs- und Entwicklungskonzepte im Rahmen des Forschungsverbunds Elbe-Ökologie.
David trotzt Goliath
Authors: Hoffmann Esther , Hirschl Bernd
Published: April 2018

Die kombinierte Erzeugung von Wärme und Strom in sogenannten Kraft-Wärme-Kopplungsanlagen (KWK) stellt eine öko-effiziente Art der Energieerzeugung dar. Durch den Preisverfall seit der Liberalisierung des Strommarktes sind jedoch viele KWK-Anlagen bedroht. In jüngster Zeit erlassene gesetzliche Regelungen konnten den Abwärtstrend der KWK bislang nicht stoppen. Demgegenüber ist bei kleinen Blockheizkraftwerken laut einer aktuellen Marktanalyse des IÖW bereits heute ein positiver Trend zu verzeichnen.
Verwaltungsreform und Nachhaltigkeitsziele
Authors: Donner Susanne , Kubala Felicitas , Petschow Ulrich
Published: April 2018

Die Reform der Verwaltung ist in Deutschland erklärtes politisches Ziel. Die Überlegungen zur Effizienzsteigerung der Verwaltungen stammen vor allem aus den angelsächsischen Ländern. Hier liegen Erfahrungen vor, die gerade für die Verfolgung von Nachhaltigkeitszielen fruchtbar gemacht werden können und deutschen Aktivitäten als Vorbild dienen.
Hemmnisse überwiegen
Authors: Nischwitz Guido
Published: April 2018

Mit dem Ziel Nachhaltigkeit muss sich die Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft stärker an den Anforderungen einer umweltgerechten Landnutzung und Wirtschaftsweise, der Sicherung von Einkommen und Arbeitsplätzen sowie einer adäquaten Partizipation orientieren. Die Gestaltungsspielräume sind allerdings von zahlreichen wirtschaftlichen und politisch-rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen abhängig.
Die Politik ist gefordert
Authors: Bauer Siegfried
Published: April 2018

Nachhaltigkeit erfordert, auch externe und intergenerativ wirksame Effekte in wirtschaftliches Handeln einzubeziehen. In der Landwirtschaft finden derzeit allerdings weder ihre negativen noch ihre positiven Externalitäten hinreichend Berücksichtigung. Um den Strukturwandel der Landwirtschaft in eine nachhalti­ge Richtung zu lenken, ist insbesondere der politische Rahmen zu verändern.
Vorrang für Qualität
Authors: Scherhorn Gerhard
Published: April 2018

Mieten statt Kaufen kann ein Weg zu nachhaltigerem Wirtschaften sein, der Öko-Effizienz und Suffizienz in sich vereinigt. Die Nutzer eines vermieteten Produktes verzichten auf Eigentum – das steigert die Suffizienz. Zugleich wer­den die Produkte intensiver genutzt, weil mehrfach hintereinander vermietet – also erhöht sich die Ressourceneffizienz. Aber was kann an Vermietungskon­zepten modern sein? Folgen sie nicht nach wie vor dem simplen Rezept der Leihbücherei, aus der man sich in den 50er-Jahren die Krimi-Lektüre besorgte, nur jetzt übertragen auf Werkzeuge, Autos, Sportgeräte, Elektroinstallationen?
Auf halber Wegstrecke
Authors: Rubik Frieder
Published: April 2018

Die Umweltpolitik widmet sich verstärkt Produkten und Dienstleistungen. Neu ist dabei ein in­tegrierender und systematisierender Ansatz, der in den letzten Jahren unter dem Stichwort "Integrierte Produktpolitik" bekannt geworden ist. Inzwischen liegen in verschiedenen Län­dern Europas Erfahrungen vor. Auch in Deutschland hat die Diskussion begonnen, aber die ent­scheidenden Ausgestaltungsfragen sind noch zu klären.
Integration von sich verändernden Umwelten
Authors: Lux Alexandra , Empacher Claudia , Kluge Thomas
Published: April 2018

In den letzten Jahren wurden zahlreiche Ansätze entwickelt, die die Idee des nachhaltigen Wirtschaftens in Unternehmen integrieren sollen. Ziel ist es, neben der ökonomischen Seite auch ökologische und soziale Aspekte unterneh­merischen Handelns aufzuzeigen. Dies wird notwendig, da sich das Umfeld der Unternehmen verändert hat. Das neue Konzept des Nachhaltigkeits-Audits bie­tet hierauf eine vielversprechende Antwort, wie erste Umsetzungserfahrungen bei einem ökologischen Finanzdienstleister zeigen.
Durchwachsene Bilanz
Authors: Petschow Ulrich , Sprenger Rolf-Ulrich
Published: April 2018

Ist die Berliner Wirtschaft auf einem nachhaltigen Weg? Die Umweltwirtschaft hat sich in den letzten Jahren positiv entwickelt und kann damit von Ansätzen nachhaltigen Wirtschaftens profitieren. In der Berliner Wirtschaft generell ist Nachhaltigkeit hingegen ein vernachlässigtes Thema.
Teilnahmeanreiz mit Grenzen
Authors: Wätzold Frank
Published: April 2018

Gemessen an den Teilnehmerzahlen scheint die europäische Öko-Audit-Verord­nung (EMAS) kein Erfolg zu sein (1). Wie könnte eine Teilnahme für Unterneh­men attraktiver gestaltet werden? Ein möglicher Anreiz besteht in der Gewäh­rung von Vollzugserleichterungen für auditierte Unternehmen.
Durchbruch für den Strukturwandel?
Authors: Volkens Annette
Published: April 2018

Wie kann Politik stärker als bisher Rücksicht auf ökologische Belange nehmen? Politikintegration ist hier auf deutscher wie europäischer Ebene eines der meistdiskutiertesten Instrumente. Bisher finden ökologische Folgen nur selten Eingang in Entscheidungen der Fachministerien, wohingegen soziale, vor allem aber ökonomische Folgen in der Regel einbezogen werden. Können die derzeit erarbeiteten Nachhaltigkeitsstrategien hier zu einer Veränderung beitragen?
Vom Öko- zum Nachhaltigkeitsfonds
Authors: Klaffke Kathrin , Pätzold Roland
Published: April 2018

Immer mehr Menschen kennen und interessieren sich für ethische Anlagepro­dukte. Dennoch klafft zwischen Interesse, bekundeten Verhaltensabsichten und dem tatsächlichen Verhalten häufig noch eine deutliche Lücke. Eine repräsenta­tive Umfrage hat nun wesentliche Hemmnisse und Unsicherheiten identifiziert, die einer größeren Verbreitung im Wege stehen.
Herausforderung Praxis
Authors: Kürzinger Edith , Arlinghaus Susanne , Günther Edeltraud , Wollmann Ralph
Published: April 2018

Auch in Entwicklungsländern bieten umweltorientierte Kostenmanagementsy­steme dreifache Nutzenpotenziale. Zu ihrer Ausschöpfung bedarf es geeignet angepasster Instrumente sowie Flexibilität in der Weiterentwicklung. Dies wird anhand von Praxisbeispielen auf Basis der Reststoffkostenrechnung illustriert.
Ungenutzte Potenziale aufdecken
Authors: Kramer Matthias , Brauweiler Hans-Christian , Eifler Peggy
Published: April 2018

Stoff- und energieflussorientierte Kostenrechnungen stellen auch für landwirtschaftliche Unternehmen ein systematisches Instrument zur Aufdeckung ökonomisch-ökologischer Verbesserungspotenziale dar. Die Notwendigkeit, das Vorgehen und der Nutzen der Implementierung werden im Folgenden am Beispiel eines mittelständischen Agrarunternehmens erläutert.
Einstieg in ernsthaften Klimaschutz?
Authors: Bals Christoph
Published: April 2018

Mit dem geplanten europäischen Emissionshandel steht der Einstieg in ernsthaften Klimaschutz vor der Tür. Auch in Deutschland wird im Rahmen einer Arbeitsgruppe über die Umsetzung diskutiert. Aufgrund des Widerstands einiger Akteure der Wirtschaft drohte diese zu scheitern. Die verbliebenen Akteure sollten die Chance für ein öko­logisch integres Modell nutzen.
Südtirol auf Bayerns Spuren
Authors: Santillo Guiseppe
Published: April 2018

Für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung bedarf es neuer Instrumente im Verhältnis zwischen Staat und gesellschaftlichen Gruppen. Der Wirtschaft kommt hier eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Ein häufiges Instrument sind so genannte Umwelt­pakte. Wie die Beispiele Bayern und Südtirol zeigen, spielt der Ausbau von Umweltmanagementsystemen dabei eine entscheidende Rolle.
Dem Markt kräftig eingeheizt
Authors: Hoffmann Esther
Published: April 2018

Drei Prozent der Wärme in Deutschland wird aus Biomasse erzeugt. Dies ist das Zehnfache ihres Anteils an der Stromerzeugung. Dabei standen Holzheizungen und Kamine lange in dem Ruf, ineffizient und mit Gesundheits- und Geruchsbeeinträchtigungen verbunden zu sein. In den letzten Jahren wurden jedoch bei Holzpelletheizungen große Entwicklungsfortschritte gemacht.
TATuP-Thema 1/2018: Theorie der Technikfolgenabschätzung reloaded
Authors: Böschen Stefan , Dewald Ulrich
Published: April 2018

Was könnten mögliche Eckpfeiler einer Theorie der Technikfolgen-abschätzung (TA) sein? Vor zehn Jahren wurde das Thema in dieser Zeitschrift debattiert. Danach ist es aber rasch wieder still geworden… Die Beiträge in diesem Heft zeigen: Fragen nach Positionierung und Konzeptionierung von TA in Forschung und Beratung sind virulent.
Alternativen als Programm
Authors: Dobroć Paulina , Krings Bettina-Johanna , Schneider Christoph , Wulf Nele
Published: April 2018

Der vorliegende Artikel soll einen Beitrag zu theoretischen Überlegungen einer Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) der Alternativen leisten. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass TA seit ihrer Entstehung den Anspruch auf die Entwicklung von (technischen) Alternativen erhoben hat, wird hier der Versuch unternommen, die Rolle der TA im Rahmen aktueller Innovationsprozesse zu reflektieren und (neu) zu definieren. Dies scheint vor allem im Hinblick auf aktuelle gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen notwendig. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine Grundannahme Lothar Hacks über das Verhältnis von Gesellschaft und Technik herangezogen. Seine Annahme besagt, dass die kontinuierliche Überführung von sozialen Problemen und Leitbildern in enge technische Lösungsansätze in hochindustrialisierten Ländern dominant und Teil der aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Probleme ist. Diese These wird im vorliegenden Artikel im Hinblick auf einen Perspektivenwechsel als Ausgangspunkt eines zukünftigen Forschungsprogramms der TA fruchtbar gemacht. Hierbei bildet das Denken in Alternativen von gesellschaftlichen Zukünften den zentralen Fokus.
Geschichte und Politik der Innovation: Interview mit Benoît Godin
Authors: Ufer Ulrich , Godin Benoît
Published: April 2018

In this interview for TATuP, conducted at the Institut national de la recherche scientifique in Montreál, Benoît Godin responds to Ulrich Ufer’s questions about the history of the concept of innovation and its uses in present and past discourses on social change.
Measurement uncertainty and metrological traceability of whole blood cyclosporin A mass concentration results obtained by UHPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Rigo-Bonnin Raül , Alía Pedro , Canalias Francesca
Published: April 2018

Background:

Traceable and accurate results of cyclosporine A (CsA) mass concentrations in whole blood are required to ensure the monitoring of immunosuppressive therapy in transplant recipients. Metrological traceability and measurement uncertainty can allow ensuring reliability and comparability of these results over time and space. In this study, we provide a practical and detailed example of how the traceability and uncertainty of mass concentration of CsA results, obtained using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) procedure, can be described and estimated.

Methods:

Traceability was described mainly according to ISO 17511 and information obtained from certificates facilitated with the manufacturer’s calibrators. Uncertainty estimation was performed using the bottom-up and top-down approaches. For the bottom-up approach, the most relevant sources of uncertainty were identified and later used to estimate the standard, combined and expanded uncertainties. For the top-down approach, expanded uncertainty was estimated directly using intralab quality control data mainly.

Results:

Mass concentration of CsA results was traceable to the manufacturer’s product calibrators used to calibrate the UHPLC-MS/MS procedure. The expanded uncertainties estimated by the bottom-up and top-down approaches were 7.4% and 7.2%, respectively.

Conclusions:

After performing the bottom-up and top-down approaches, we observed that their results were quite similar. This fact would confirm that the top-down approach could be sufficient for estimating uncertainty of CsA mass concentrations in whole blood results in clinical laboratories. Finally, we hope that this study can help and motivate clinical laboratories to describe metrological traceability and to perform measurement uncertainty studies based on the simpler top-down approach.
Extractives of Cercidiphyllum japonicum twigs: isolation and structural elucidation of a new galloylflavonol glycoside, anomeric tannins and flavonoids
Authors: Si Chuan-Ling , Yang Xianghao , Li Zijiang , Lu Jinshun , Tao Xin , Zhang Jiayin , Liu Wei , Bae Youngsoo
Published: April 2018

Cercidiphyllum japonicum is a deciduous tree that grows in East Asia, where its raw extracts have long been used in folk medicnes to treat various disorders or diseases. In the current work, extracts from C. japonicum twigs were studied for the first time. Seven individual compounds were isolated from the extracts, including a new galloylflavonol glycoside, namely 8-methoxykaempferol-4′-O-galloyl-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (VII), and six known phenolics [two anomeric galloyltannins (3,4,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (I) and 2,2′,5-tri-O-galloyl-α/β-D-hamamelose (III)), one anomeric ellagictannin, pedunculagin (II), one flavonol, kaempferol (V) and two flavonol derivatives (kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (IV) and 8-methoxykaempferol (VI))]. Structural elucidation of I–VII was conducted mainly on the basis of their spectroscopic [ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS)] and physicochemical analysis, as well as by comparison of the analytical data with those in the literature. Compounds I, II, IV and VI have not yet been reported in the genus Cercidiphyllum. Compound VII, a previously undescribed flavonoid, was isolated and elucidated in this work for the first time.
Rethinking the dichotomy: ‘Romans’ and ‘barbarians’
Authors: Garland Nicky
Published: April 2018

Our understanding of the interactions between the Roman Empire and indigenous societies (or ‘barbarians’) that lay within or surrounding its borders has undergone considerable advances over the last 30 years. Stemming initially from a colonial perspective, which saw the Roman Empire as ‘civilising’ those who were subsumed into it, the study of these interactions now includes a wealth of diverse post-processual or post-colonial approaches that stress the complexity of interactions within and between these social groups. Even with these advances, the self-imposed opposition between prehistoric and Roman studies, whether in theoretical stance, approach or research frameworks, remains constant in modern scholarly debate (Hingley 2012: 629). As a consequence, and despite extensive debate to the contrary, the divide between ‘Romans’ and ‘natives’ endures in our current interpretations of the contact between pre-Roman and Roman society.
Landscapes of production and punishment: convict labour management on the Tasman Peninsula 1830–1877
Authors: Gibbs Martin D. , Tuffin Richard L. , Maxwell-Stewart Hamish , Roberts David A. , Roe David , Steele Jody N. , Hood Susan , Godfrey Barry S.
Published: April 2018

The ‘Landscapes of Production and Punishment’ project aims to examine how convict labour from 1830–1877 affected the built and natural landscapes of the Tasman Peninsula, as well as the lives of the convicts themselves.
The Palaeolithic of Seimarreh Valley in the Central Zagros, Iran
Authors: Zeynivand Mohsen , Bahramiyan Saeid , Mazaheri Khodakaram
Published: April 2018

Newly discovered prehistoric sites in the Seimarreh Valley in Iran provide the first evidence for Palaeolithic human habitation in this region of the Central Zagros.
Durability of Chemically Treated Plastic Soil for Unpaved Roads
Authors: Starcher Ryan D. , Pierce Charles E. , Gassman Sarah L. , Faris Mohammed
Published: April 2018

Unpaved roads are subject to rapid deterioration and large deformations under mechanical and environmental stresses that can render them impassable. Prior work has shown that plastic soils can be mixed with a polymeric chemical admixture to create a hydrophobic material and potentially minimize these issues. The purpose of this work is to assess the durability of a low plasticity clay soil treated with a chemical admixture by evaluating changes in physical and mechanical behavior when subjected to alternating cycles of wetting and drying. Volumetric change, water content change, and mass loss were measured at the completion of each one of up to twelve wetting and drying cycles. Unconfined compression tests were performed after select cycles to assess changes in mechanical properties. Tests were also performed on specimens stabilized with Type I/II portland cement for comparison. It was found that the specimens with chemical admixture treatment survived a full twelve cycles of wetting and drying. The volume changes of the specimens were small (±2 %) and there was no apparent reduction in strength. The chemically stabilized soil retained its physical and mechanical properties in a manner comparable to cement stabilization of the same soil. These results suggest that the CAT produces a sufficiently stable material when subjected to alternating wetting and drying conditions and has potential applications in improving long-term performance of unpaved roads.
Cortical Mechanisms of Prioritizing Selection for Rejection in Visual Search
Authors: Donohue Sarah E. , Bartsch Mandy V. , Heinze Hans-Jochen , Schoenfeld Mircea A. , Hopf Jens-Max
Published: April 2018

In visual search, the more one knows about a target, the faster one can find it. Surprisingly, target identification is also faster with knowledge about distractor-features. The latter is paradoxical, as it implies that to avoid the selection of an item, the item must somehow be selected to some degree. This conundrum has been termed the “ignoring paradox”, and, to date, little is known about how the brain resolves it. Here, in data from four experiments using neuromagnetic brain recordings in male and female humans, we provide evidence that this paradox is resolved by giving distracting information priority in cortical processing. This attentional priority to distractors manifests as an enhanced early neuromagnetic index, which occurs before target-related processing, and regardless of distractor predictability. It is most pronounced on trials for which a response rapidly occurred, and is followed by a suppression of the distracting information. These observations together suggest that in visual search items cannot be ignored without first being selected.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow can we ignore distracting stimuli in our environment? To do this successfully, a logical hypothesis is that as few neural resources as possible should be devoted to distractor processing. Yet, to avoid devoting resources to a distractor, the brain must somehow mark what to avoid; this is a philosophical problem, which has been termed the “ignoring paradox” or “white bear phenomenon”. Here, we use MEG recordings to determine how the human brain resolves this paradox. Our data show that distractors are not only processed, they are given temporal priority, with the brain building a robust representation of the to-be-ignored items. Thus, successful suppression of distractors can only be achieved if distractors are first strongly neurally represented.
GABAergic Local Interneurons Shape Female Fruit Fly Response to Mating Songs
Authors: Yamada Daichi , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Li Xiaodong , Kohashi Tsunehiko , Ishikawa Yuki , Kamikouchi Azusa
Published: April 2018

Many animals use acoustic signals to attract a potential mating partner. In fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), the courtship pulse song has a species-specific interpulse interval (IPI) that activates mating. Although a series of auditory neurons in the fly brain exhibit different tuning patterns to IPIs, it is unclear how the response of each neuron is tuned. Here, we studied the neural circuitry regulating the activity of antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC)-B1 neurons, key secondary auditory neurons in the excitatory neural pathway that relay song information. By performing Ca2+imaging in female flies, we found that the IPI selectivity observed in AMMC-B1 neurons differs from that of upstream auditory sensory neurons [Johnston's organ (JO)-B]. Selective knock-down of a GABAAreceptor subunit in AMMC-B1 neurons increased their response to short IPIs, suggesting that GABA suppresses AMMC-B1 activity at these IPIs. Connection mapping identified two GABAergic local interneurons that synapse with AMMC-B1 and JO-B. Ca2+imaging combined with neuronal silencing revealed that these local interneurons, AMMC-LN and AMMC-B2, shape the response pattern of AMMC-B1 neurons at a 15 ms IPI. Neuronal silencing studies further suggested that both GABAergic local interneurons suppress the behavioral response to artificial pulse songs in flies, particularly those with a 15 ms IPI. Altogether, we identified a circuit containing two GABAergic local interneurons that affects the temporal tuning of AMMC-B1 neurons in the song relay pathway and the behavioral response to the courtship song. Our findings suggest that feedforward inhibitory pathways adjust the behavioral response to courtship pulse songs in female flies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo understand how the brain detects time intervals between sound elements, we studied the neural pathway that relays species-specific courtship song information in femaleDrosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that the signal transmission from auditory sensory neurons to key secondary auditory neurons antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC)-B1 is the first-step to generate time interval selectivity of neurons in the song relay pathway. Two GABAergic local interneurons are suggested to shape the interval selectivity of AMMC-B1 neurons by receiving auditory inputs and in turn providing feedforward inhibition onto AMMC-B1 neurons. Furthermore, these GABAergic local interneurons suppress the song response behavior in an interval-dependent manner. Our results provide new insights into the neural circuit basis to adjust neuronal and behavioral responses to a species-specific communication sound.
Chronology
Authors: Karolyi Paul
Published: April 2018

This is part 134 of a chronology begun by the Journal of Palestine Studies in Spring 1984, and covers events from 16 February to 15 May 2017 on the ground in the occupied Palestinian territories and in the diplomatic sphere, regionally and internationally. U.S. pres. Donald Trump leads a new, regional effort to restart Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations. With the prospect of peace talks on the horizon, the Israeli government announced a new policy to guide settlement growth in the West Bank, and the Ramallah-based Palestinian leadership struggled to consolidate power. Palestinians in the West Bank elected new local leaders, although the elections were compromised by disagreements among the major political parties. Approximately 1,500 Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails declared a hunger strike (the Dignity Strike), drawing support from across the political spectrum. Meanwhile, the right-wing Israeli government continued its efforts to undermine and delegitimize its opponents, including the Israeli Left, the Palestinian minority in Israel, and the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement. For a more comprehensive overview of regional and international developments related to the Palestine-Israel conflict, see the quarterly Update on Conflict and Diplomacy in JPS 46 (4).
Implicit Elements in the Argument Structure: The Problems of Interpretation and Methods of Reconstruction
Authors: Савчук Татьяна
Published: April 2018

The article presents the author’s model of research of the enthymematic argumentation created on the basis of the analysis of the Russian language and the Belarusian language articles on the humanities. The concept is based on a convergent approach. Its effectiveness is provided by the ability to integrate critical and descriptive dimensions of reasoning through the joint application of cognitive and pragmatic methodology. Normative criteria are provided by cognitive (logical) analysis: it assumes the use of deductive inference, which makes it possible to verify the formal correctness and meaningful validity of the unexpressed premises. The description of the mechanisms of understanding the implicit knowledge and evaluating its relevance is made by carrying out pragmatic analysis: it is associated with the probabilistic inference, which allows us to derive communicative implicatures. In the creation and interpretation of implicatures errors are possible. They manifest themselves in quantitative and qualitative distortion ofimplicit information. Prevention of errors depends on the high level of argumentative competence of the proponent and the recipient. The regularities of using the implicative-inferential justification mechanism are identical in the Russian and Belarusian discourses of the humanities.
Onomastic Identification of Kaunas Noblemen in Military Records of Lithuanian Grand Duchy in 1528
Authors: Čirūnaitė Jūratė
Published: April 2018

The article analyses the name record of Kaunas male and female noblemen compiled in 1528 in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The article also describes the constituent parts of the record of Kaunas noblemen, indicates the methods of presenting the designation of brothers and analyses male, female names and names of previous generation. The male names of previous generation are reconstructed from patronyms. The male names are grouped into Christian and non-Christian names. The data on the distribution of Christian male names and old two-root names among two generations is provided. The research data on the names of Kaunas noblemen as well as the noblemen and citizen of other GDL territories of the same period are compared. Female names are analysed. Male designations are differentiated by the ratio of names and potential surnames into the types of onomastics, which are differentiated by the ratio of different anthroponyms into methods of onomastics. Female designations are differentiated into the types of onomastics based on the ratio of names and family anthroponyms and into the methods of onomastics based on the ratio of different types of anthroponyms. The description of the methods of onomastics takes into consideration the prefixes used with male and female designations. The structure of male and female designations is analysed: the types of anthroponyms and prefixes are indicated, the prefixes grouped into specific types are presented. The onomastics are differentiated by the number of anthroponyms, the average length of onomastics is determined. Lithuanian affixes of anthroponyms are listed.
Esotericism in Contemporary Lithuanian Prose
Authors: Naikienė Ieva
Published: April 2018

This article focuses on esotericism in contemporary Lithuanian prose. For the revelation of this topic, Donaldas Kajokas’ novel Ežeras ir kiti jį lydintys asmenys (The Lake and Other Escort Members, 2003) and Jurga Ivanauskaitė’s novel Placebas (Placebo, 2012) have been chosen. The analysed writings reveal the point of view of contemporary Lithuanian writers about esoteric beliefs. In this article, esotericism is related with persons’ feelings but is excluded from occult and parapsychology fields such as alchemy, cabbala, Tarot, etc. This work focuses on the idea that an individual, who has only a few senses, cannot reach actuality. On the other hand, the possibility of acquiring those senses is not rejected. In addition, obtaining those senses would help to reach higher, over-sensational worlds and in that way to discover personal correlation with forms of multiple personal identities. This article establishes an idea that awareness of higher worlds/spheres unlocks the possibilities of revealing the main core of human (as micro-cosmos) and the Universe (as macro-cosmos). The possibility to perceive oneself as a micro-cosmos discloses not only personal identity, but also the value of Other’s entity and inevitable entities stratifying.
New Scientific Monograph on Translations of Lithuanian Classics Judita Vaičiūnaitė’s Poetry and Their Reception
Authors: Keturakienė Eglė
Published: April 2018

BERNOTIENĖ, G., 2016. Apie žodžių sandūros tikslumą: Juditos Vaičiūnaitės lyrikos vertimai ir vertinimai. Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas. 256 p.
New Left Encounters with Marx
Authors: Howard Dick
Published: April 2018

The article uses the ideal of a New Left to conceptualize the underlying unity of diverse political experiences during the past half century. Although Marx is not the direct object of this reconstruction, his specter is a recurring presence at those “nodal points” where the imperative to move to “another element” becomes apparent. These are moments when the spirit that has animated a movement can advance no further; it is faced with new obstacles, which may be self-created. The article analyzes from a participant’s perspective the development of the New Left in the U.S., France and West Germany as it tried to articulate what is dubbed the "unknown dimension" of Marx’s theoretical project.
Francisco Suárez acerca do consentimento e da obrigação política
Authors: Schwartz Daniel
Published: April 2018

Os intérpretes discordam quanto a origem que Francisco Suárez atribui a obrigação e a sujeição política. De acordo com alguns, Suárez, como outros contratualistas, acredita que é o consentimento dos indivíduos que causa a obrigação política; outros, porém, afirmam que para Suárez a obrigação política não deriva do consentimento dos indivíduos. Em respaldo a esta tese eles invocam a opinião de Suárez de que o poder político emana da cidade por meio de “decorrência natural.” Eu argumento que a análise de obras menos estudada de Suárez, como o De voto e o De iuramento, mostra que, para Suárez, o consentimento causa tanto a obrigação política da cidade e quanto a dos cidadãos. Além do mais, uma inspeção mais acurada da noção de causalidade por decorrência natural dentro da metafísica suareziana mostra que o que emana do corpo político não é, como sustentado, a sujeição e a obrigação política, mas sim o direito à autonomia da cidade. E visto que para Suárez a obrigação política se origina no consentimento, então não é errado considerá-lo um contratualista.

*Texto traduzido por Bruno D’ambros.
Deus e o Absoluto
Authors: Rosenfield Denis Lerrer
Published: April 2018

A fim de responder à pergunta: "o que pode bem significar conhecer, racionalmente, o Absoluto e quais são os instrumentos de tal empreendimento?", o Autor se propõe a reexaminar a concepção de Deus e do Absoluto em Hegel e suas recepções. Trata-se de responder ainda a questões fundamentais que lhes são correlatas: Como pode a razão, unicamente com os seus meios, alçar-se a um tal empreendimento? O que significa conhecer um tipo de existência que se subtrai aos sentidos e à experiência tal como a compreendemos no sentido filosófico não metafísico?
Reforma e Secularização: Uma interface histórica
Authors: Flickinger Hans-Georg
Published: April 2018

A celebração dos quinhentos anos da Reforma protestante toma como ponto de referência a colocação das 95 Teses de Lutero na porta da igreja de Wittenberg, em 1517. Insinua-se, assim, que a origem da Reforma possa ser identificada com um evento histórico. No entanto, tudo indica que a Reforma foi e continua sendo um processo, do qual nem o início nem o fim podem ser vinculados a uma determinada data. Este artigo explora esse processo de interface histórica através do imbricamento entre Reforma e secularização.
About the Face and the expression. The Edenic time as revolutionary
Authors: Taub Emmanuel
Published: April 2018

From the biblical text to the Jewish Philosophy of the Twentieth Century, from Walter Benjamin and Emmanuel Levinas to the philosophy of Martin Heidegger and Giorgio Agamben, from Rilke’s poetry to the poetry of Paul Valéry, the problem of Face, expression and language have been a central topic of Jewish Thought. Among these problems, the discussion of sacred time and profane time becomes the place to think about the problem of Revelation. The main objective of this article is to analyze the Revelation from the perspective of Jewish Thought in relation to the language and problem of the divine Face. It will focus on this, by exploring the philosophy of Levinas and its connection with the biblical text, opening from there the reflection towards other authors in a friendly dialogue.
A Presença de Deus no Ser Humano segundo Heschel
Authors: Hazan Maria Gloria , Pondé Luiz Felipe
Published: April 2018

O artigo explora a relação do ser humano com o inefável e quais os caminhos para a presença de Deus na consciência religiosa, de acordo com Abraham Heschel, através da visão bíblica de mundo, nas seguintes categorias: sublime, maravilhoso, mistério, temor e glória. O resgate desses sentimentos dentro da religião é fundamental para a experiência da fé.
Shame, de-subjectivation and passivity – on the metaphysics of the Self in Levinas and Agamben
Authors: Pontin Fabricio
Published: April 2018

This article provides a relation between the problem of shame in both Levinas and Agamben, focusing, for the most part, in the development of Levinas' metaphysics and its relation to the emotional tonality of shame in three works: "On Escape", "Time and the Other" and "Otherwise than Being". In stressing the unique take that Levinas has on metaphysics, I try to point at the tension between Jewish and Greek thought in Levinas, and his option for a radical notion of a situated understanding of the "ethical". Hence my interest in contrasting Levinas and Agamben, as Agamben's appropriation of Levinas' lexicon in his "Remnants of Aushwitz" places the subject in a political, and material, position which is ultimately uncompatible with Levinas' situational and metaphysical take on the self.
The acquisition of a series of phrasal verbs in the course integrated English I at the University of Costa Rica
Authors: Navas Brenes César Alberto
Published: April 2018

This article is aimed at observing the acquisition and assessment of a list of forty phrasal verbs in a group of first-year students of the course LM-1001 Integrated English I at the University of Costa Rica. First of all, the author implements a placement test to determine the students’ proficiency level, being Integrated English I the first EFL course of the program. Then, the author administers two instruments to assess the students’ knowledge on a series of phrasal verbs before the presentation, practice, and production throughout the second part of the semester. A contextualized sample lesson to practice a selection of phrasal verbs is also included. To finish, the students receive two additional instruments and a final evaluative instrument to observe the level of acquisition of twenty phrasal verbs as a result of explicit instruction.
Putting into Practice Gap Tasks in an ESP Classroom for Medicine Personnel at Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Villanea Morales Lucía
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the results of a study conducted in a group of eight students in an ESP course taught by Practicum students at the School of Medicine at the University of Costa Rica. The results indicate that the student-teachers based their lessons mostly on information gap tasks. Besides, this study revealed that the activities presented followed a common pattern avoiding variety.  In addition, the study reflected that the activities used during the days of observation, did not fulfilled the requirements of a good gap task in a hundred percent since the tasks did not promote spontaneous and creative communication.   The correct use of gap tasks helps students to develop speaking skills in a safe and private environment. The outcomes of these kinds of tasks will always be positive as long as they are adequate, relevant, authentic, and achievable.
INTERVENCIONES CON EJERCICIO CONTRA RESISTENCIA EN LA PERSONA ADULTA MAYOR DIAGNOSTICADA CON SARCOPENIA. UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Solano García Wilson , Carazo Vargas Pedro
Published: April 2018

Propósito: Examinar la evidencia generada de las intervenciones basadas en ejercicio contra resistencia en la persona adulta mayor diagnosticada con Sarcopenia. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura mediante la combinación de palabras claves en las siguientes bases de datos EBSCO HOST; OVID; PROQUEST: Public health data base, Research library; SCIENCE DIRECT; SPRINGER LINK; COCRANE LIBRARY; PUBMED; SCIELO; LILACS; PEDro, se obtuvo 7819 estudios de los cuales cinco cumplen con los criterios de inclusión: artículos de carácter experimental, ejercicio contra resistencia como intervención, texto completo, idioma en inglés/español, adultos mayores de 60 años diagnosticados con Sarcopenia. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios revelaron aumentos en porcentajes de cambio en variables asociadas a la Sarcopenia, masa muscular (3,28%), fuerza muscular (19,16%) y función muscular (18,12%). Al analizar los detalles de las intervenciones se evidenció mejoras trabajando al menos 12 semanas con una frecuencia de 2-3 días durante 60 minutos de sesión, estimulando los principales grupos musculares a intensidades entre 60-85% (1RM) durante 3 series entre 6-15 repeticiones con descansos de 1-2 minutos entre serie, además, se obtienen beneficios similares al ejercitarse con máquinas biomecánicas o ejercicios con peso libre. Conclusiones: El ejercicio contra resistencia mejora variables físicas asociadas a la Sarcopenia en personas que presentan este síndrome. Al analizar las recomendaciones de prescripción de ejercicio para contrarrestar los efectos de la Sarcopenia, basadas en personas que no presentaban Sarcopenia y compararlas con las encontradas en el presente estudio, se muestra que son similares.
ACERCA DEL DECIR PSICOANALÍTICO EN REVISTAS ARGENTINAS DE LOS AÑOS ‘50
Authors: Savio Karina
Published: April 2018

Enmarcado en los estudios del Análisis del Discurso, este artículo se propone investigar los modosen que el objeto discursivo psicoanálisis circula en diversas revistas argentinas durante la década delcincuenta. Las revistas suelen generar y difundir conocimientos, ideas, valores que repercuten en elimaginario social, por lo que su estudio permite un acercamiento al universo cultural de una sociedad endeterminada época. En este trabajo, realizamos un recorrido por dos semanarios populares –El Hogary Para ti– y dos publicaciones prestigiosas –Sur e Imago Mundi–y recopilamos, sistematizamos y analizamos aquellas zonas textuales en las que se hace referencia explícita tanto al psicoanálisis como a su fundador. Entre los resultados alcanzados, hallamos, en primer lugar, cierta correlación entre la aparición del término psicoanálisis y los períodos democráticos. En segundo lugar, evidenciamos un estrecho vínculo entre el psicoanálisis, la psicología aplicada y el peronismo. Como resultado del empuje que la psicología aplicada tiene durante el gobierno de Perón, advertimos que el psicoanálisis se filtra endiversos artículos. Observamos, por otra parte, la mención a la presencia de nociones psicoanalíticas enel lenguaje cotidiano y, finalmente, encontramos tres modalidades bajo las que el objeto psicoanálisis se construye: como un saber “maldito”, como un saber sobre el inconsciente y como un saber “revolucionario”. Estas tres modalidades pueden ubicarse en tres momentos de la década. Mientras que la primera predomina en los primeros años, la segunda asoma a partir de 1953 aproximadamente y la tercera se fortalece durante el último tiempo.
On certain lattices of varieties of completely regular semigroups
Authors: Petrich Mario
Published: April 2018

The class CR of completely regular semigroups considered as algebras with binary multiplication and unary operation of inversion forms a variety. Kernel, trace, local and core relations, denoted by K, T, L and C, respectively, are quite useful in studying the structure of the lattice L(CR) of subvarieties of CR. They are equivalence relations whose classes are intervals. Their ends are used for defining operators on L(CR).

Starting with a few band varieties, we repeatedly apply operators induced by upper ends of classes of these relations and characterize corresponding classes up to certain variety low in the lattice L(CR). We consider only varieties whose origin are “central” band varieties, that is those in the middle column of the lattice L(B) of band varieties. Several diagrams represent the (semi)lattices studied.
Kumaraswamy odd Burr G family of distributions with applications to reliability data
Authors: Nasir Arslan , Bakouch Hassan S. , Jamal Farrukh
Published: April 2018

We exhibit a general family of distributions named “Kumaraswamy odd Burr G family of distributions” with four additional parameters to generalize any existing baseline distribution. Some statistical properties of the family are derived, including rth moments, mth incomplete moments, moment generating function and entropies. The parameters of the family are estimated by the maximum likelihood (ML) method for complete sam- ples as well as censored samples. Some sub-models of the family are considered and it is noted that their density functions can be symmetric, left-skewed, right-skewed, unimodal, bimodal and their hazard rate functions can be increasing, decreasing, bathtub, upside- down bathtub and J-shaped. Simulation is carried out for one of the sub-models to check the asymptotic behavior of the ML estimates. Applications to reliability (complete and censored) data are carried out to check the usefulness of some sub-models of the family.
On trigonometric sums with random frequencies
Authors: Bazarova Alina , Berkes István , Raseta Marko
Published: April 2018

We prove that if Ik are disjoint blocks of positive integers and nk are independent random variables on some probability space (Ω,F,P) such that nk is uniformly distributed on Ik, then

has, with P-probability 1, a mixed Gaussian limit distribution relative to the probability space ((0, 1),B, λ), where B is the Borel σ-algebra and λ is the Lebesgue measure. We also investigate the case when nk have continuous uniform distribution on disjoint intervals Ik on the positive axis.
THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF THE pKa VALUES OF 5-SUBSTITUED URACIL DERIVATIVES
Authors: Nhan Pham Le , Trung Nguyen Tien
Published: April 2018

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using numerical basis sets were employed to predict the solvation energies, Gibbs free energies and pKa values of a series of 5-substituted uracil derivatives. Obtained results show that solvation energies are not significantly different between DFT methods using the numerical (DNP) and Gaussian basis set (aug-cc-pVTZ). It is noteworthy that the independent and suitable solvation energy of proton of -258.6 kcal/mol has been proposed for the evaluation of pKa values in conjunction with the numerical basis set. In addition, the calculated pKa values suggest that the anti-conformation of 5-formyluracil is the most stable form in the aqueous solution.
NEUTRAL AND CATIONIC TITANIUM-DOPED SILICON CLUSTERS: GROWTH MECHANISM AND STABILIT
Authors: Tuyet Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Published: April 2018

We report ab-initio study on neutral and cationic titanium-doped silicon clusters TiSin0/+              (n = 1-10). The growth patterns for both neutral and charged clusters are revealed. The neutral TiSin clusters follow a consistent rule of addition: the larger TiSin cluster is built up by adding a Si atom on the smaller TiSin-1 cluster. However, the Ti atom prefers to substitute at a high-coordination position to form the cationic clusters. The neutral TiSin clusters is more stable than the pure Sin+1 clusters while the cationic TiSin+ is less stable than the pure ones. Both neutral and cationic clusters tend to loss Si atom rather than Ti atoms.
CO-ADSORPTION OF CO, H2O AND MECHANISM OF WATER GAS SHIFT REACTION ON ZnO CATALYST SURFACE: A DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY STUDY
Authors: Cong Vo Thanh
Published: April 2018

In this works, co-adsorption of CO, H2O and mechanism calculations of water gas shift reaction (WGSR) on ZnOcatalyst surface using the density functional theory (DFT) was investigated. Performing the most stable site of co-adsorbed CO and H2O with configuration and adsorption energy on the catalyst surface were indentified. The carboxyl mechanism of WGSR was proposed and examined then. Based on carboxyl mechanism, the beginning of reaction pathway with the most stable co-adsorbed CO and H2O configuration as initial state on ZnOcatalyst surface was considered. The resulted calculations pointed out that the pathway of WGSR mechanisms on the surface was favorable kinetically with rate-determining steps of 1.56 eV.
Compacted sawdust ash–lime-stabilised soil-based hydraulic barriers for waste containment
Authors: Ojuri Oluwapelumi O. , Oluwatuyi Opeyemi E.
Published: April 2018

This study examined the impact of sawdust ash–lime (SDAL) stabiliser on the geotechnical characteristics of lateritic soil as an effective hydraulic barrier system for landfill liner application. SDAL mixtures in the ratio 2:1 were added to the lateritic soil at varying percentages between 0 and 10%. The soil–SDAL mixtures were then compacted using four integrative methods: reduced Proctor, standard Proctor, West African Standard and modified Proctor. Index geotechnical tests were carried out on the lateritic soil; hydraulic conductivity and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were carried out on the compacted SDAL-stabilised lateritic soil. Results show that the addition of SDAL decreased the maximum dry density and increased the optimum moisture content. Hydraulic conductivity (k) values decreased with low (i.e. 2%) addition of SDAL, while UCS increased with SDAL addition. Apart from the SDAL addition, the compacting effort and the curing periods also had an effect on the hydraulic conductivity and UCS values of the samples. Compacted SDAL-stabilised lateritic soil (with as little as 2% SDAL) can therefore be applied as a low-cost soil-based hydraulic barrier for waste containment.
MULTILETRAMENTOS E ENSINO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: UMA PROPOSTA DIDÁTICA PARA O TRABALHO COM (HIPER)GÊNEROS MULTIMODAIS
Authors: Santos Fernanda Maria Almeida dos
Published: April 2018

Na contemporaneidade, o desenvolvimento e uso contínuo das Tecnologias Digitais têm modificado muitas atividades da vida humana e desencadeado processos de ensino e aprendizagem cada vez mais interativos, dinâmicos e plurais, exigindo dos cidadãos diferentes habilidades de leitura e de escrita inter-relacionadas à multiplicidade de discursos, textos, sujeitos e culturas. Sob essa ótica, o presente trabalho apresenta uma discussão sobre os multiletramentos, analisando como o trabalho com gêneros/hipergêneros multimodais, por meio da utilização das interfaces digitais, pode colaborar para o desenvolvimento das práticas de letramentos nos anos finais do ensino fundamental. O referencial teórico do trabalho concilia os postulados de Cope e Kalantzis (2009), Kress (2000), Kress e Van Leeuwen (2006 [1996]), NLG (1996) e outros, sobre multiletramentos, multimodalidade e aprendizagem em ambientes virtuais. Argumenta-se, por meio de uma metodologia de investigação explicativa, com método de abordagem qualitativo, que as práticas de multiletramentos intensificam o desenvolvimento das competências linguísticas dos sujeitos, potencializando o aprendizado da leitura e da escrita.