bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Remember-Know Task: Replications of Gardiner and Java (1990)
Authors: Haaf Julia M. , Rhodes Stephen , Naveh-Benjamin Moshe , Sun Tony K. , Snyder Hope K. , Rouder Jeffrey N.
Published: September 2018

One of the most evidential behavioral results for two memory processes comes from Gardiner and Java (1990). Participants provided more remember than know responses for old words but more know than remember responses for old nonwords. Moreover, there was no effect of word/nonword status for new items. The combination of a crossover interaction for old items with an invariance for new items provides strong evidence for two distinct processes while ruling out criteria or bias explanations. Here, we report a modern replication of this study. In three experiments (Experiments 1, 2, and 4) with larger numbers of items and participants, we were unable to replicate the crossover. Instead, our data are more consistent with a single-process account. In a fourth experiment (Experiment 3), we were able to replicate Gardiner and Java’s baseline results with a sure-unsure paradigm supporting a single-process explanation. It seems that Gardiner and Java’s remarkable crossover result is not replicable.
Pragmatism should not be a substitute for statistical literacy, a commentary on Albers, Kiers, and van Ravenzwaaij (2018)
Authors: Nalborczyk Ladislas , Bürkner Paul - Christian , Williams Donald Ray
Published: September 2018

Based on the observation that frequentist confidence intervals and Bayesian credible intervals sometimes happen to have the same numerical boundaries (under very specific conditions), Albers et al. (2018) proposed to adopt the heuristic according to which they can usually be treated as equivalent. We argue that this heuristic can be misleading by showing that it does not generalise well to more complex (realistic) situations and models. Instead of pragmatism, we advocate for the use of parsimony in deciding which statistics to report. In a word, we recommend that a researcher interested in the Bayesian interpretation simply reports credible intervals.
La orientación discursiva de la universidad pública colombiana en el contexto de la globalización neoliberal: análisis crítico del discurso de la misión, visión y metas
Authors: Benavides Jorge E
Published: September 2018

The objective of this article is to invite the reader to consider the new field of critical discourse analysis (CDA) as a complementary way to the study of history. It intends to approach several interdisciplinary concepts for the incorporation of critical discourse analysis, a relatively recent theoretical and practical approach of discourse analysis based on critical theory, critical linguistics and discourse analysis into history. It centers its focus on the consideration of discourse as an event, a socio-cultural expression conditioned by social structures and belief systems of groups of power acting upon others and conditioning the social context while being the transmitter of ideology. It presents social practices in parallel to discursive ones thereby creating a dialectal relationship between them. The relations of power, hegemony, dominance, and especially, ideology, are the main concerns of critical discourse analysis thereby making room for interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary joint efforts to research: psychology, sociology, politics, economics, and education, among a few others are related to history in order to describe, interpret and explain the historical relationships between society and language.
Who Reacts to Less Restrictive Divorce Laws?
Authors: Fallesen Peter
Published: September 2018

Objective: To study how divorce behavior in Denmark changed following a July 2013 reform that repealed mandatory separation periods for uncontested divorces, instead allowing for immediate administrative divorce.Background: Most countries have mandatory separation periods that couples undergo before they can divorce. Separation allows couples a grace-period, during which they may reconcile and stay together. Yet, the impact of separation periods on divorce risk remains understudied. Methods: Using monthly time series data on divorce rates from 2007-2018 (T=144), the research brief estimates the size and shape of the policy impact of the July 2013 reform. Using monthly administrative population data on all ever-married couples (N*T=40,431,848) the study further calculates the average characteristics of married couples in Denmark who would have remained together absent the reform.Results: After an initial spike in the divorce rate driven by couples divorcing earlier, the divorce rate settled at a 9.7 percent higher level compared to pre-reform. Couples who divorced because of the reform had been married for fewer years, were ethnic Danish, and had high school degree as highest educational level.Conclusion: Mandatory separation periods keep a minor, but substantial, share of potential divorcees together.
Unpublished Texts from the Arab Orthodox Tradition (2): Miracles of St. Eustratius of Mar Saba (written ca. 860)
Authors: Treiger Alexandre
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the present article—the second instalment in the "Unpublished Texts from the Arab Orthodox Tradition" series—is to make accessible a hitherto neglected document from the Orthodox Christian tradition in Arabic: a brief account of the miracles of a little-known saint, St. Eustratius of Mar Saba (first half of the ninth century), a disciple of the famous St. Stephen of Mar Saba (d. 31 March 794AD).
Methodik zur Simulation von Material- und Energieflüssen
Authors: Stoldt Johannes , Putz Matthias
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Die effektive Planung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen hat große Bedeutung für Produktionsunternehmen. Ein dazu geeignetes Planungswerkezug ist die um energetische Betrachtungen erweiterte Materialflusssimulation, mit der sich komplexe Wechselwirkungen von Material- und Energieflüssen in Fabriken untersuchen lassen. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert eine entscheidungstheoretisch fundierte Methodik zur Ausgestaltung derartiger Simulationsstudien in Umplanungsprojekten zur Energieeffizienzsteigerung.
Neue Perspektiven für die Wertstrom-Methode
Authors: Drees Jörg
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Unlängst angekommen in der Digitalen Transformation bei der Anwendung der Wertstrom-Methode durch digitale Werkzeuge stellt sich die Frage, welche Ausrichtung oder Erweiterungsmöglichkeiten sich für die nachfolgenden Generationen ergeben. Durch die zunehmende Vernetzung an Informationen aus dem Digitalen Wandel hin zur Industrie 4.0 und dem Industriellen Internet der Dinge (IIoT) bahnen sich neue Erwartungen an. Es gilt, die Methode und deren Softwareapplikation an die neuen Formen von Organisation und Steuerung der Wertschöpfungskette anzupassen und weiter zu entwickeln.
On the estimation of cyclic material properties – Part 1: Quality of known estimation methods
Authors: Wächter Michael , Esderts Alfons
Published: September 2018

A large variety of methods for estimating cyclic material properties from quasi-static material properties can be found throughout the literature. Therefore, the user usually faces the problem of determining which methods would best suit his purpose. To help answer this question, a massive database containing test results from quasi-static and cyclic tests is gathered and used for a quality rating of the different methods. This rating results in the recommendation to use the uniform material law for steel materials, the modified park-song's method for wrought aluminum and the method of variable slopes 2006 for thin steel sheets. In addition, the accuracy of these estimation methods is compared to experimental results using deviation ranges in the total strain life curve and in the cyclic stress-strain curve.
Wear resistance of laser cladded Stellite 31 coating on AISI 316L steel
Authors: Kittivitayakul Pisit , Khamwannah Jirapon , Juijerm Patiphan , Lothongkum Anchaleeporn Waritswat , Lothongkum Gobboon
Published: September 2018

Laser cladding of Stellite 31 powder on AISI 316L plate size of 50 × 50 × 25 mm using diode laser powers of 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 kW was produced. The wear tests of clad layers were investigated according to ASTM G99. Equiaxed and elongated grains were found in clad layer using laser powers of 3.5, 4.0 kW and 4.0, 5.0 kW, respectively. Compressive residual stress was detected at the surface of the clad layers. They decreased as laser power increased. After polishing, compressive residual stress and the wear resistance of the clad layers subjected to higher laser power were higher than those subjected to lower laser power. The friction coefficient of the clad layer subjected to higher laser power was lower than that subjected to lower laser power.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy produced by a new compound extrusion technique
Authors: Lu Liwei , Yin Zhenru , Zhao Jun , Shi Dongfeng , Li Chuming
Published: September 2018

A new extrusion technique, integrated dual-directional extrusion and spiral deformation(DDES), is proposed and successfully applied to AZ31 Mg alloys with no cracks present in the alloys. Combining finite-element analytic, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques, it is found that the DDES process may cause cumulative strains of 1.88 in Mg alloy billet. The average grain size of the alloys can be refined from 300 μm to 3.5 μm at a temperature of 573 K, and the basal texture is also dramatically weakened from 53.6 to 6.52. These improvements are mainly attributed to dynamic recrystallization induced by heavily accumulated strain at the spiral region. Further compressive tests are carried out on processed AZ31 Mg alloys, and the superior compressive strength and fracture strain can attain 395 MPa and 30.6 %, respectively, rendering this new deformation technique into a promising approach for further governing properties of Mg-based alloys.
Microstructural Characterization of Martensitic Q&P Steels – a Comparison of Etching Techniques and Electron Backscatter Diffraction
Authors: Dieck S. , Ecke M. , Frömert J. , Halle T.
Published: September 2018

A wide range of methods and procedures exists to characterize microstructures and to quantify phases. This work presents a comparison between light microscopic examinations as a function of different etching methods and electron backscatter diffraction analyses. The procedures used in this context were etching with V2A solution, Kalling I and Beraha II etchants. The objective was to quantify the austenite phase in Q&P heat treated X46Cr13. The Q&P heat treatment allows to achieve high mechanical strengths (for X46Cr13 approx. Rp0.2 = 1750 MPa) alongside high elongations at break (A = 14 %). This can be attributed to a combination martensite tempering and the TRIP effect. The required specific ratio of martensite and austenite can be established by the heat treatment. In order to define the heat treatment's optimal parameters, the mechanical characteristic values need to be determined and comprehensive phase fraction determinations must be performed. Beraha II provided particularly promising results. Compared with EBSD, matching phase fractions of austenite could be determined with deviations of the absolute values between one and three percent. This method offers a possible alternative to, or supplements the microstructural characterization and assessment of the material development for a high sample throughput and at reduced cost and effort.
Wear and Damage Characterization of Coated Carbide Tools by means of FIB-SEM Microscopy
Authors: Kresse T. , Jürgens W. , Meinhard D. , Baumann W. , Bernthaler T. , Schneider G.
Published: September 2018

In this work, two commercial indexable inserts with different coatings were examined with regard to their damage and wear characteristics after tool life testing on two different types of gray cast iron. The surface and chemical analysis by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and/or Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) revealed a removal of the respective protective layer on the wear surface in varying degrees. In addition to that, crack structures were identified that take various forms as a function of the coating. The integrated Focused Ion Beam technology (FIB) also allowed to examine the identified cracks with regard to their propagation in the depth of the respective component. The cracks extend deep into the WC-Co base material and mainly propagate through the ductile Co phase.
THE USE OF PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY FOR DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENTS IN STEEL COLUMNS SUBJECTED TO BUCKLING
Authors: Rodrigues Maykmiller Carvalho , Gomes Francisco Carlos , Braga Jr. Roberto Alves , Rivera Fernando Pujaico , Magalhães Ricardo Rodrigues , Rodrigues Jéssica Assaid Martins
Published: September 2018

Displacements in structural columns have many challenges regarding to monitoring since it is a complex phenomenon. The monitoring of steel column subjected to buckling is one challenge in order to identify its structural behavior based on displacement measurements. In some cases, this effect is studied under steel rectangular column subjected to axial compressive loads. It is necessary in order to quantify the horizontal column deformation by using optical techniques based on displacements from images to evaluate its structural behavior. This paper is aimed to apply the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique as a robust and cheap optical method on buckling study of columns as a contactless measurement technique compared to Finite Element Method (FEM). Experiments using rectangular bar samples were used to evaluate the behavior of columns under axial compressive load causing the buckling effect. In order to quantify displacements, PIV technique was applied based on pre-defined positions of the points in the images and the column displacements were measured and compared to FEM. Results indicated displacements difference around 1.08% between PIV and FEM, providing that PIV technique can be used to quantify column displacements in a plane when compared to FEM results. This allows PIV applications for any structures monitoring such as building, bridges and silos.
4. SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN TEMEL DERSLERDE SORDUKLARI YAZILI SINAV SORULARININ BLOOM TAKSONOMİSİ AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BÜYÜKALAN FİLİZ Sevil , DELAL TURAN Seda
Published: September 2018

Bilim
ve teknoloji çağını yaşadığımız günümüz dünyasında üst düzey düşünme becerisine
sahip bireylere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Öğrencilerin düşünme düzeyleri ise
onlara yöneltilen soruların düzeyi ile paralellik göstermektedir. Bu sebeple
yazılı sınavlarda öğrencilere yöneltilen soruların bilişsel düzeyleri çok
önemlidir.

Bu
araştırmanın amacı; 4. sınıf Türkçe, Matematik, Fen Bilimleri ve Sosyal
Bilgiler dersi yazılı sınav sorularını, Bloom Taksonomisi’nin bilişsel alan
basamaklarına dağılımı açısından incelemektir. Çalışmada betimsel araştırma
yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde döküman inceleme
yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılının 1.
döneminde Hatay ili Reyhanlı ilçesinde yer alan 4 farklı okulda uygulanan
Türkçe, Matematik, Fen Bilimleri ve Sosyal Bilgiler dersi yazılı sınavlarında
yer verilen 1.784 adet soru incelenmiştir. Soruların, Bloom Taksonomisi
Bilişsel Alan Basamakları açısından hangi düzeye ait olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Çalışma
sonunda Bloom Taksonomisi Bilişsel Alan Basamakları’na dağılım açısından
toplamda tüm soruların; %44,23 oranında bilgi, %14,35 oranında kavrama, %38,90
oranında uygulama, %2,47 oranında analiz, %0,05 oranında sentez ve %0 oranında
değerlendirme düzeyinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Parasitic diseases of deer and the wild hoofed mammals at some  hunting farms of Russia
Authors: Tishkov M. Iu. , Мikhailov V. I. , Shmakova О. N.
Published: September 2018

The article describes helminthological experiments  of the hoofed mammals on 6 maral farms and 1 hunting farm located in different regions of the Russian Federation, exactly in the Altai Territory and, Kaluga and Tver regions. The researchers investigated 773 samples of coprological material and highlighted the main pathogens of parasitic diseases: they are elaphostrongyls, intestinal strongylitis, eimerias, trichocephalans, scabies and nematodes. The researchers identified 12 types of pathogens. The authors observed highest rates of invasiveness caused by elaphostrongillosis, gastrointestinal strongylitis, trichocephalosis, and nematodeirozis in marals inhabiting in the Altai Territory. Their degree of  invasion extensity  was 100, 90, 87.5 and 25%, whereas  invasion intensity was 9842, 147, 19 and 2 samples. The extensive invasion when experiencing eimeriosis reaches maximum parameters in mouflons at 100% when intensive invasion is 45 oocysts per gram of material. Scallop mites are widely spread in Tver region among the European deer population when extensive invasion is 85.7% and intensive invasion is 2 samples. The common causative agents of invasive diseases among the animals are gastrointestinal strongylitis, eumeria, elaphostrongyls, trichocephaly, scabies and nematodes. They are observed in three regions of Russia.  The difference in the extensive and intensive rates of invasion depends on the geographical, climatic and anthropogenic factors that comprehensively influence their changes to a certain extent.
Impact of soil press work on crop yield in the forest steppe of Western Siberia
Authors: Iushkevich L. V. , Kem A. A.
Published: September 2018

Soil compaction after sowing reduces overall porosity, increases thermal conductivity and heating of the upper layer, which increases the contact of seeds with the soil, accelerates water consumption, swelling and germination of seedlings of crops. Currently, the most part of drills, including seeding systems, press the soil by the rolls of different modifications simultaneously with sowing. After sowing crops, the upper (0-10 cm) soil layer has insufficient compaction (less than 1.00-1.05 g/cm3) and increased non-capillary porosity (more than 50%), which leads to moisture losses from the upper layer. The researchers found out that rolling-up contributes to increasing of the top layer clumpiness on 5.8% on average and reduces erodability of the field surface on14.4% with weak soil response to deflation (less than 50 g). The experimental results on effectiveness of additional pressrolling after sowing SKP-2.1 on the fall variants of the steam field treatment to a depth of 20-22 cm showed that seed germination was increased on 11.3%, and grain increase was 0.09-0.15 t/ha or 4.2-7.2%. On minimal steam treatment, (depth of 10-12 cm) additional soil press rolling was not sufficiently effective. On the black-earth soils of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, press-rolling of the soil after sowing SKP-2,1 contributes to additional grain yield of winter rye and durum wheat to 0,14-0,23 t/ha (6,1-11,0 %). Additional rolling after sowing by SKP-2,1 and John Deere 1820 with pointed tines for autumn backgrounds increases grain yield in the second wheat after steam from 2.52 to 2.74 t/ha, or 8.7%.
Structure of micromycete complex of feed crops in the forest steppe of Western Siberia
Authors: Ashmarina L. F. , Ermokhina A. I. , Galaktionova Т. A.
Published: September 2018

The article highlights the experimental results on the structure of micromycete complex of feed crops seeds  in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The researchers investigated more than 50 sets of seeds of different soya varieties (Glycine hispida), chick-pea (Cicer arietinum), spring rape (Brassica napus), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and lupine (Lupínus polyphyllus). The authors observed that micromycete complex contains a lot of seed infections in the mafic hyphomycetes of the genus Alternaria (average of 15.8–52.3 %) and Cladosporium (5,7–38,0 %), less common were Fusarium fungi and fungi. The distinguished fungi contained smaller number of Pythium, Botrytis, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia, Curvularia, Peronospora, Stemphylium, Ascochyta, Trichotecium and Corynespora. The article reveals the features of the structure of micromycetes complex on the lupine seeds. The seed material was strongly infected by Colletotrichum lupini (Bondar) Nirenberg, Feiler & Hagedorn (from 37.5 to 62.5%, depends on the variety), which strongly damaged the crops during the growing season (the disease development index varied from 30 to 100 %). The concentration of Fusarium fungi on the seeds of all crops varied from 2.6 to 15.4%; the authors observed the dominating  species as F. oxysporum, F. oxysporum var. orthoceras, F. solani, F. solani var. argillaceum, F. sambucinum, F. sambucinum. var. minus, F. gibbosum, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichiella var. poae. The authors found out that fungi (species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, etc.) is more extracted from the seeds in humid years like 2015, compared with more droughty years like  2016 and 2017. They were mostly observed in the rape seeds (20,2%) and chick-pea (15.8 %). The results of the phytoexpertise show that the problem of contamination of fodder crops by pathogens and the saprophytic mycoflora leads to bed quality of forage crops and seed germination. This problem is very urgent and relevant in, the conditions of forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The high level of seed infection indicates the necessity to strong following the procedure of storage and pre-treatment of seeds with chemical or biological agents.
Morphological and physical parameters of Argovit silver   nanoparticles
Authors: Burmistrov V. A. , Shkil N. N. , Shkil S. P.
Published: September 2018

The authors conduct spectral analysis of silver nanoparticles by means of electronic spectroscopy and small-angle scattering. The research showed the stability of nanoparticles sizes, which is achieved by application of polyvilpyrrolidone, which prevents significant formation of their agglomerates, causing significant changes in therapeutic and physico-chemical characteristics of the substance. Asymmetric form of the electronic spectrum showed slight aggregation of nanoparticles with polymorphic polyhedral structures. The slight width of the line of spectral analysis indicates small range of silver particle sizes. The data obtained on the absorption intensity in the high-frequency and low-frequency areas of the spectrum indicate lower number of particles with a size 1 ± 2 nm, and aggregative forms of  about 50 nm in a concentrated solution. The assessment of the size and shape of silver nanoparticles was carried out by means of  transmission electronic microscopy method. It showed spherical, triangular and polyhedral nanoparticles that could be used as medical drugs (oral or parenteral application)  preventing damages for cells and tissues of animals and humans. The studies conducted  by means of transmission electron microscopy method contributed to highlighting the polymorphism of silver nanoparticles that Argovit specimen contains,, and  their size which  is 67.7 ± 19.4 nm with a ellipticity degree of 1.3 ± 0.3. Dilution of Argovit specimen with 1:10 distilled water causes a reduction in nanoparticles size to 36.0 ± 12.7 nm and their ellipticity to 1.19 ± 0.14. The application of the specimen will be effective in pharmacology, provided that pharmacological and toxicological studies are conducted to assess therapeutic effect and safety.
Aminoacid composition of eggs as a criterion of assimilation   processes in hens bodies when applying antioxidant specimen
Authors: Guliaeva L. Iu. , Ulitko V. E. , Erisanova О. Е. , Pykhtina L. A. , Lifanova S. P.
Published: September 2018

The paper highlights the results of the experiment conducted at the Simbirsk poultry farm of Ulyanovsk region. The researchers arranged two similar groups of laying hens. Each group contained 364 laying hens. The hens were fed with the same full-feed fodder, but the hens from the experimental group received Lipovitam Beta by means of stepwise mixing method.   The specimen contains  β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, butyloxyanisole, phospholipids 240 grams per 1 t of mixed fodder. The authors prove the efficiency of using liposomal form of the antioxidant vitamin complex “Lipovitam Beta” when feeding laying hens in order to enhance the antioxidant system and, therefore, assimilation processes. These processes contribute to better synthesis of protein in the body of laying hens and higher concentration of protein in the blood serum by means of albumins, globulins and higher protein concentration in the egg..  Application of the specimen  in the compound feed contributes to longer egg-laying peak (from 97 to 102 days) and egg-laying capacity (by 22.87 and 18.25 eggs), better amino acid composition of eggs, their amino acid scores, which indicates their higher biological and nutritional value.
Adversarial Threshold Neural Computer for Small Organic Molecular Structures
Authors: Putin E. O. , Shalyto A. A.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:A special place in the development of new drugs is computer modeling of potential drug candidates. At this stage, the molecular structure of a drug is created and virtually validated. Molecular structures are created mostly by bioinformatics specialists and medical chemists. Therefore, the process of creating and virtual testing of molecules is long and expensive.

Purpose:Developing a model of a deep generative adversarial neural network and its reinforcement environment for generating targeted small organic molecular structures with predetermined properties, as well as reward functions for molecular diversity.

Results: The developed deep neural network model called ATNC is based on the concepts of adversarial learning and reinforcement learning. The model uses a recurrent neural network with external memory as a generator of molecular structures, and a special neural network block for selecting the generated molecules before their real estimation by the environment. A new objective reward function of internal clustering by diversity is proposed, which allows the model to generate more diverse chemistry. Comparative experiments have shown that the proposed ATNC model is better than its closest competitor in terms of generating unique and more complex valid molecular structures. It has also been demonstrated that the the molecules generated by ATNC match to the a priori distributions of the key molecular descriptors of the training molecules. Experiments were conducted on a large dataset of 15 000 drug-like molecular compounds collected manually from the ChemDiv collection.

Practical relevance:The proposed model can be used as an intelligent assistant in developing new drugs by medical chemists.
Random coding bound for channels with memory decoding function with partial overlapping. Part 2. Examples and Discussion
Authors: Trofimov A. N.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:Suboptimal random coding exponent Er*(R; ψ) for a wide class of finite-state channel models using a mismatched decoding function tp was obtained and presented in the first part of this work. We used tp function represented as a product of a posteriori probabilities of non-overlapped input subblocks of length 2B+1 relative to the overlapped output subblocks of length 2W+1. It has been shown that the computation of function Er*(R; ψ) is reduced to the calculation of the largest eigenvalue of a square non-negative matrix of an order depending on the B and W values.

Purpose:Toillustrate the approach developed in the first part of this study with its application to various channel modelled as a probabilistic finite-state machine.

Results:We consider channels with state transitions not depending on the input symbol (channels with freely evolving states), and channels with deterministic state transitions, in particular, intersymbol interference channels. We present and discuss numerical results of calculating this random coding exponent in a full range of code rates for some of channel models for which similar results were not obtained before. Practical computations were carried out for relatively small values of B and W. Nevertheless, even for small values of these parameters a good correspondence with some known results for optimal decoding was shown.
Evolution of multiple-access networks cellular and non-cellular — in historical perspective. Part 1
Authors: Sergeev A. M. , Blaunstein N. Sh.
Published: September 2018

Introduction:The goal of this review is the analysis of evolution of the current and novel wireless networks, from secondgeneration (2D)tofifth generation(5G),as well as changes in technologies and their corresponding theoretical background andprotocols -from Bluetooth, WLAN, WiFi and WiMAXtoLTE, OFDM/OFDMA, MIMO and LTE/MIMO advanced technologies with new hierarchy of cellular maps design — femto/pico/micro/macro.

Methods:We use new theoretical frameworkstodescribe advanced technologies, such as multicarrier diversity technique, OFDM and OFDM novel approach, new aspects ofMIMO description based on multi-beam antennas, design of various cellular maps based on new algorithms of femto/pico/micro/macrocell deployment, and the methodology of a new MIMO/LTE system integration based on multi-beam antennas.

Results:We have created a new methodology for multi-carrier diversity description of novel multiple-access networks, forthe usage of OFDM/OFDMA modulation in ordertoovercome inter-user and inter-symbol interference in multiple-access networks, as well as multiplicative noises in multiple-access wireless networks caused by multi-ray phenomena. Finally, wehave suggested howtoovercome the propagation effects occurring in the terrestrial communication channels by using acombination of MIMO and LTE technologies based on multi-beam antennas. For these purposes, we present a new stochasticapproach which takes into account the terrain features, such as buildings' overlay profile, buildings' density around the base station and each user's antennas, andsoforth. These parameters allow ustoestimate the effects of fading as a multiplicativenoise source.

Practical relevance:The new methodology of estimating the effects created by multiplicative noise and inter-user and inter-symbol interference in terrestrial wireless networks allows ustopredict a-priory practical aspects of the currentand new multiple-access wireless communication systems, like the potential number of users or the spectral efficiency ofuser channels for various configurations of cell deployment: femto, pico, micro, and macro, as well as the novel MIMO/LTE system configurations for future networks of the 4th and 5th generations.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMAHAMI CERITA PADA MATERI CERITA ANAK PADA MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN STRATEGI WHAT MY LINE SISWA KELAS VII.1 SMPN 21 KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Yendri Arfa
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam memahami cerita anak, hal ini dapat dilihat dari gejala-gejala dalam proses belajar mengajar yang menunjukkan kemampuan memahami cerita siswa belum optimal, sehingga nilai yang diperoleh siswa dibawah KKM yang sudah ditetapkan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan memahami cerita pada materi cerita anak bidang studi Bahasa Indonesia dengan menerapkan strategi What My Line siswa kelas VII.1 SMPN 21 Kota Pekanbaru.

Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus dan tiap siklus dilakukan dalam dua kali pertemuan. Agar penelitian tindakan kelas ini berhasil dengan baik tanpa hambatan yang mengganggu kelancaran penelitian, peneliti menyusun tahapan-tahapan yang dilalui dalam penelitian tindakan kelas, yaitu: 1) Perencanaan/persiapan tindakan, 2) Pelaksanaan tindakan, 3) Observasi, dan Refleksi.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat diketahui bahwa terjadinya peningkatan kemampuan memahami cerita anak pada materi cerita anak bidang studi Bahasa Indonesia. Pada siklus I hasil  belajar siswa dikategorikan dengan rata-rata klasikal nilai 80. Sedangkan pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan kemampuan memahami cerita anak dengan kategori tinggi dengan rata-rata klasikal nilai 91 dengan demikian penggunaan Strategi What My Line dapat meningkatkan kemampuan memahami cerita anak pada materi cerita anak bidang studi Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas VII di SMPN 21 Kota Pekanbaru pada pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOPERATIF TIPE GIVING QUESTION AND GETTING ANSWER UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VII.9 SMPN 21 PEKANBARU
Authors: Suarti Neng
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya minat belajar matematika siswa kelas VII.9 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar matematika melalui penerapan Kooperatif Tipe giving question and getting answer pada siswa kelas VII.9 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru. Subjek penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VII.9 SMPN 21 Pekanbaru  yang berjumlah 43 orang, tahun pelajaran 2016-2017. Bentuk penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari instrumen unjuk kerja dan instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan aktivitas siswa.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka kesimpulan penelitian adalah penggunaan metode tipe giving question and getting answer dapat meningkatkan minat  belajar pada mata pelajaran Matematika  pada siswa kelas VII.9 SMPN 21 Pekanbaru . Dalam metode tipe giving question and getting answer  sangat menunjang proses interaksi belajar mengajar di kelas. Dengan menggunakan giving question and getting answer siswa berkesempatan mengulang materi yang disampaikan siswa yang belum atau kurang memahami materi pelajaran dapat mengingatnya kembali sehingga akan menimbulkan ketertarikan siswa terhadap pelajaran. Dari hasil penelitian juga didapatkan rata-rata minat belajar siswa untuk 6 indikator minat  belajar  sebesar 82,2%, jika dibandingkan dengan siklus I yang mendapatkan rata-rata perolehan sebesar 50,4%. Artinya terjadi peningkatan sebesar 31,8% pada siklus II
IMPLEMENTASI METODE DEMONSTRASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SENI RUPA DI KELAS IX.7 SMP NEGERI 21 PEKANBARU
Authors: Suryati Elindra
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya hasil belajar seni rupa siswa Kelas IX.7 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar seni rupa melalui penerapan metode demonstrasi siswa Kelas IX.7 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru, yang dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan. Sebagai Subjek dalam Penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas IX.7 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru. Jumlah siswa yang dijadikan subjek penelitian sebanyak 41 orang siswa. Bentuk penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari instrumen unjuk kerja dan instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan aktivitas siswa.

Berdasarkan analisis dan interpretasi data dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah dilaksnakan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi. Sebagaiamana pemahaman siswa  mengalami peningkatan dari sebelum dilaksanakan PTK yakni pada ketuntasan klasikal hanya mencapai pada ketuntasan klasikal 39.02 namun setelah dilaksanakan pada siklus I dengan menggunakan metode demonstrasi pertemuan 1 meningkat menjadi 75.61 kemudian ketuntasan kalsikal kembali meningkat pada siklus II yakni mencapai ketuntasan klasikal menjadi 92,68% atau dapat dikatakan pembelajaran tuntas dengan semua siswa mampu mencapai nilai KKM.
PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN SESAMA TEMAN DALAM MENINGKATMAN KETERAMPILAN PASSING BAWAH BOLA VOLI PADA SISWA KELAS VII.1 SMP NEGERI 21 PEKANBARU
Authors: Aziz Aziz
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya passing bawah bola voli siswa Kelas IX.1 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan passing bawah bola voli melalui penerapan strategi pembelajaran sesama teman siswa Kelas IX.1 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru, yang dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan. Sebagai Subjek dalam Penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas IX.1 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru. Jumlah siswa yang dijadikan subjek penelitian sebanyak 39 orang siswa. Bentuk penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari instrumen passing bawah bola voli dan instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan aktivitas siswa.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, bahwa kemampuan gerak dasar passing bawah siswa Kelas VII.1 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru dapat ditingkatkan melalui strategi pembelajaran sesama teman. Hasil tes awal kemampuan siswa sebelum diterapkannya strategi pembelajaran sesama adalah 64,6 atau dalam kategori cukup kompeten. Jika dilihat dari segi ketuntasan, hanya 17,5% siswa yang dinyatakan tuntas (memperoleh nilai minimal 70), Pada siklus pertama kemampuan rata-rata siswa meningkat dengan kategori nilai kompeten (70,4) dengan ketuntasan sebesar 52,5%. Pada siklus kedua kemampuan rata-rata siswa dikategorikan kompeten (76,9) dengan ketuntasan sebesar 85%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ketuntasan kasikal telah tercapai, dimana penelitian dikatakan berhasil bila ketuntasan yang dicapai 80% siswa memperoleh nilai minimal 70
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENCERITAKAN KEMBALI CERITA PENDEK (CERPEN) MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DENGAN METODE DISKUSI PADA SISWA KELAS IX.4 SMPN 21 PEKANBARU
Authors: Irma Jun
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan menceritakan kembali cerpen pada pelajaran bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas IX.4 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menceritakan kembali cerpen pada pelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan metode diskusi pada siswa kelas IX.9 SMP Negeri 21 Pekanbaru. Subjek penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas IX.9 SMPN 21 Pekanbaru  yang berjumlah 40 orang, tahun pelajaran 2016-2017. Bentuk penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari instrumen unjuk kerja dan instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan aktivitas siswa.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka diperoleh kesimpulan terhadap penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menceritakan kembali cerita pendek  (cerpen) dengan metode diskusi terhadap siswa Kelas IX.4 SMPN 21 Pekanbaru. Rata-rata siswa pada tes awal dikategorikan sedang dengan nilai rata-rata 71,50, dengan nilai persentase ketuntasan 40% atau ada 16 siswa yang dinyatakan tuntas dan sisanya 24 siswa dinyatakan tidak tuntas dengan persentase 60%, Pada siklus I, nilai kemampuan rata-rata siswa naik menjadi 78,13 dengan kategori sedang, dengan nilai persentase ketuntasan 65% atau dengan jumlah 26 orang siswa, Pada siklus II kemampuan rata-rata siswa telah dikategorikan tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 88,13, tetapi dengan ketuntasan 85%, dimana nilai ketuntasan siswa telah tercapi. Pernyataan di atas menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menceritakan kembali cerita pendek (cerpen) dengan metode diskusi siswa Kelas IX.4  SMPN 21 Pekanbaru  dapat ditingkatkan melalui metode diskusi, dengan demikian hipotesis penelitian yang berbunyi: “Peningkatan Kemampuan menceritakan kembali Cerita Pendek (Cerpen) dengan Metode diskusi Siswa Kelas IX.4  SMPN 21 Pekanbaru  dapat “diterima”
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TRUE OR FALSE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PKn SISWA KELAS VII. 1 SMP NEGERI 21 KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Suriati Suriati
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini  untuk menemukan tindakan yang tepat dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PKn di Kelas VII. 1 di SMP Negeri 21 Kota Pekanbaru dengan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe True or False, yang dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII. 1 di SMP Negeri 21 Kota Pekanbaru. Dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 43 orang. Bentuk penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari tes tertulis dan instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan aktivitas siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe True or False  dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada Mata Pelajaran PKn di Kelas VII. 1 di SMP Negeri 21 Kota Pekanbaru.  Keberhasilan ini disebabkan dengan penerapan pendekatan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe True or False menimbulkan interaksi yang bersifat terbuka dan langsung di antara sesama siswa, memberikan kepada para siswa waktu untuk berfikir dan merespons serta saling bantu satu sama lain sehingga siswa lebih banyak memiliki kesempatan untuk mengekspresikan pengalaman emosi yang menyenangkan. Dengan kondisi tersebut maka tingkat penerimaan siswa akan meningkat dan pada gilirannya dapat meningkatkan hasil belajarnya
PENDAMPINGAN GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN “ASPEK NILAI MORAL AGAMA MELALUI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DAN PENGENALAN PANCASILA” DI PAUD LABSCHOOL JEMBER TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016-2017
Authors: Pertiwi Eky prasetya
Published: September 2018

Pengabdian Masyarakat ini ditujukan untuk Guru PAUD serta Anak Usia Dini. Metode kegiatan dan metode penyampaian dalam pengabdian yang dimaksud disini adalah mengadakan pertemuan langsung dengan guru dan anak –anak di TK PAUD Labschool Jember. Pertemuan Langsung yang dimaksud adalah memberikan pendampingan pada guru secara langsung, membantu guru memberikan materi mengenai aspek moral dan pengenalan Pancasila pada anak usia dini. Kegiatan ini juga melibatkan beberapa mahasiswa yang memiliki tugas untuk membantu dalam mengawasi perilaku anak serta terlibat langsung dalam upaya penanaman pendidikan karakter dan pengenalan pancasila

masyarakat sebagaimana telah dikemukakan pada bab IV hasil Kegiatan, dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut: a. Guru  PAUD Labschool Jember sangat apresiatif terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyakarat ini. Buktinya, sebagaimana ditunjukkan hasil bahwa para khalayak sasaran mengikuti keseluruhan rangkaian kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dengan penuh disiplin, b. Anak – anak PAUD Labschool Jember juga sangat apresiatif terhadap pendampingan menginginkan adanya penambahan waktu bersama pendamping guru pada saat melakukan aktivitas pendampingan, c. Guru PAUD Labschool Jember sangat antusiasme, sebagaimana buktinya ditunjukkan hasil wawancara langsung:
IMPLEMENTASI KESELAMATAN LALU LINTAS PADA ANAK USIA DINI DENGAN METODE PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERTAIF TIPE ROLE PLAYING
Authors: Saleh Alfian
Published: September 2018

The disciplined person can not be formed instantaneously, nor in the form of traffic discipline. Traffic education for early childhood is one way of preventing traffic accidents that can be planted early on. Safety education activities are part of community service conducted to students of kindergarten Alifa Kids 5. Community service is part of Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi. This activity aims to increase students' knowledge about safety in schools, especially regarding safety signs. Commander of the community is a method of implementation of this communit in the form of education followed by questions and answers and roleplay. This activity is done by cooperative method of role playing type where every student of student switch role become a role in this thing that is procedure of crossing. The result of this activity is student of kindergarten Alifa Kids 5 can play role in case crossing highway. The conclusion of this activity is the increase of students' knowledge about implementing traffic safety especially crossing the road. It is hoped that with increasing and implementing procedures to cross the right path can raise students' awareness for safe behaviors increase..

Keywords: Crossing the Road, Safety Education, Role Playing
ФЕНОМЕН ВІЙНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДЕМОКРАТИЧНОЇ ПАРАДИГМИ
Authors: Коротков Дмитро Сергійович
Published: September 2018

Метою статті є дослідження основних принципів і концептуальних підходів дефініцій «війна» та аналіз сучасного змісту цього явища. Методологічною основою наукового дослідження є діалектичний метод, на основі якого проаналізовано наукові уявлення про сутність та закономірності феномену війни та її вплив на формування цінностей і рівень захисту прав людини у демократичному суспільстві. Виявлено, що завдяки інформаційній революції світ змінюється, але це ніяк не впливає на кількість і якість конфліктів у світі. У контексті теорії міжнародних відносин ведуться пошуки рішення цієї проблеми. Теоретичним підґрунтям для демократичних країн є теорія демократичного миру. З’ясовано, що у демократичних країн є чотири причини уникати війн, але мова йдеться про мирні взаємовідносини саме тільки між демократичними країнами. Оцінено вплив теорії справедливої війни на сучасну теорію демократичного миру стосовно змісту такого явища як війна.
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ СУБ’ЄКТИВНОЇ ТА КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ОБ’ЄКТИВНОЇ МІЖНАРОДНО-ПРАВОВОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Важна Катерина Анатоліївна
Published: September 2018

Аналізується зміст двох найпоширеніших у доктрині міжнародного права концепцій про місце і значення вини при встановленні відповідальності держави за міжнародно-протиправні діяння (а саме концепції суб’єктивної відповідальності держави і концепції об’єктивної відповідальності держави) з метою з’ясування чи може (відповідно до сучасного міжнародного права та міжнародно-правової практики) міжнародно-правова відповідальність держави наставати без доведення вини держави і в яких випадках для встановлення міжнародно-правової відповідальності вину держави доводити не потрібно. Зроблено висновки, що у сфері відповідальності держави за міжнародно-протиправні діяння чинному міжнародному праву найбільше відповідає концепція об’єктивної відповідальності держави. У статті розкривається зміст даної концепції залежно від виду міжнародно-протиправного діяння (ординарного міжнародного правопорушення (делікту) чи міжнародного злочину). Зроблено висновки, що викладений у статті зміст концепції об’єктивної відповідальності держави відповідає конвенційним положенням чинного міжнародного права, а також відповідає позиції Комісії міжнародного права ООН і положенням Статей про відповідальність держав за міжнародно-протиправні діяння 2001 р. У концепціях суб’єктивної та об’єктивної відповідальності держави за міжнародно-протиправні діяння виявлено спільність підходів щодо доведення наявності вини при встановленні відповідальності держави. Така спільність підходів полягає у визнанні того, що у процесі визнання держави відповідальною за певні діяння необхідно встановити зв’язок між державою та особою чи особами, які безпосередньо вчинили протиправне діяння.
КРЕАТИВНІСТЬ ЯК СКЛАДОВА РОЗВИТКУ МУЗЕЙНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ
Authors: Ключко Юлія Миколаївна
Published: September 2018

У статті проаналізовано значення креативності як складової розвитку музейної комунікації. Висвітлено вплив демократичних змін у музейній справі на розвиток креативних музейних практик та розробку нових моделей музейної комунікації. Систематизовано та узагальнено основні теоретичні здобутки ХХ-го ст., які заклали підґрунтя для розвитку сучасних креативних музейних практик. З’ясовано, що для ХХ ст. була характерна ситуація, коли в певні періоди теоретична думка випереджала музейну практику; на сучасному етапі розвитку інноваційні проекти  минулого сторіччя багато в чому реалізовані, а в музейній сфері настав період, коли не теорія випереджає практику, а практика стає локомотивом розвитку і породжує нові форми і методи роботи. Конкретизовано поняття «креативна музейна практика». Доведено, що на сучасному етапі одним із комунікативних завдань музейної діяльності є створення продукту на основі нових знань та інновацій; проектна ідеологія в музейній сфері набуває все більшого розмаху та демонструє значну комунікативну ефективність порівняно з традиційними формами музейної діяльності. Визначено, що на сьогодні одним із пріоритетних завдань музейної галузі України є розроблення таких механізмів розвитку, які б адаптували її до сучасних умов, сформували якісно нову систему, здатну оперативно і адекватно реагувати на виклики часу та перетворили музеї на одну з провідних соціальних інституцій у системі гуманітарного розвитку країни; музеям варто створювати події та програми з глибоким задумом і креативною подачею, формувати музейних менеджерів «нового покоління», які, відповідно до загальносвітових тенденцій, здатні впроваджувати інновації у сфері управління колекціями та їх презентації публіці.