bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic characteristics of the recessed chamber within a gas–liquid coaxial injector
Authors: Fu Qing-fei , Yang Li-jun
Published: April 2016

In this article, a linear dynamic characteristic model of the recessed chamber in a gas–liquid shear coaxial injector is developed. The gaseous injector flow before the recessed chamber is considered to be steady, and we just investigate the response of pressure drop across the recessed chamber to the mass flow rate fluctuation of the liquid injector. The transfer function of the recessed chamber is obtained, considering the distribute characteristics of liquid droplets within the recessed chamber. The results show that the amplitude of pressure drop pulsation would decrease as the liquid flow pulsation frequency increases, when the variation of liquid velocity is not taken into account. While considering the variation of liquid velocity, the result is opposite. The amplitude of pressure drop oscillation on the boundary of the recessed chamber increases with the increase in liquid velocity oscillation frequency.
Mutual trust method for forwarding information in wireless sensor networks using random secret pre-distribution
Authors: Lin Chih-Hsueh , Huang Yu-Hsiu , Yein Alan Dahgwo , Hsieh Wen-Shyong , Lee Chung-Nan , Kuo Pin-Chun
Published: April 2016

In wireless sensor networks, sensing information must be transmitted from sensor nodes to the base station by multiple hopping. Every sensor node is a sender and a relay node that forwards the sensing information that is sent by other nodes. Under an attack, the sensing information may be intercepted, modified, interrupted, or fabricated during transmission. Accordingly, the development of mutual trust to enable a secure path to be established for forwarding information is an important issue. Random key pre-distribution has been proposed to establish mutual trust among sensor nodes. This article modifies the random key pre-distribution to a random secret pre-distribution and incorporates identity-based cryptography to establish an effective method of establishing mutual trust for a wireless sensor network. In the proposed method, base station assigns an identity and embeds n secrets into the private secret keys for every sensor node. Based on the identity and private secret keys, the mutual trust method is utilized to explore the types of trust among neighboring sensor nodes. The novel method can resist malicious attacks and satisfy the requirements of wireless sensor network, which are resistance to compromising attacks, masquerading attacks, forger attacks, replying attacks, authentication of forwarding messages, and security of sensing information.
Synthesis and characterization of a disubstituted piperazine derivative with T-type channel blocking action and analgesic properties
Authors: Pudukulatham Zubaidha , Zhang Fang-Xiong , Gadotti Vinicius M , M’Dahoma Said , Swami Prabhuling , Tamboli Yasinalli , Zamponi Gerald W
Published: April 2016

Background

T-type calcium channels are important contributors to signaling in the primary afferent pain pathway and are thus important targets for the development of analgesics. It has been previously reported that certain piperazine-based compounds such as flunarizine are able to inhibit T-type calcium channels. Thus, we hypothesized that novel piperazine compounds could potentially act as analgesics.

Results

Here, we have created a series of 14 compound derivatives around a diphenyl methyl-piperazine core pharmacophore. Testing their effects on transiently expressed Cav3.2 calcium channels revealed one derivative (3-((4-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide, compound 10e) as a potent blocker. 10e mediate tonic block of these channels with an IC50 of around 4 micromolar. 10e also blocked Cav3.1 and Cav3.3 channels, but only weakly affected high-voltage-activated Cav1.2 and Cav2.2 channels. Intrathecal delivery of 10e mediated relief from formalin and complete Freund’s adjuvant induced inflammatory pain that was ablated by genetic knockout of Cav3.2 channels.

Conclusions

Altogether, our data identify a novel T-type calcium channel blocker with tight structure activity relationship (SAR) and relevant in vivo efficacy in inflammatory pain conditions.
Discursive control and power in virtual meetings
Authors: Lockwood Jane , Forey Gail
Published: April 2016

Ways of communicating effectively in spoken English, using technology, in a virtual globalized context have received little attention from applied linguists. The role of language in synchronous computer-mediated discourse (CMD) used in virtual teamwork is now emerging as a key area of research concern in business management and information technology disciplines. This article uses linguistic frameworks, most particularly critical discourse analysis (CDA) and systemic functional linguistics (SFL), in particular appraisal analysis, to demonstrate how interpersonal meanings may create dominance, power and solidarity within a sample of a virtual team management meetings. Focusing on one manager case study, we investigate how language is used, consciously or unconsciously, to dominate and close down discussion with his colleagues. We first present the key findings from a turn-taking analysis and then present, through the application of appraisal analysis, how this manager opens or contracts the space available for others to participate. By revealing how power and control unfold through this analysis, the findings may lead to an enhanced self-awareness among all members in virtual teams and reveal how language plays a crucial role in engaging members during a meeting, or in this case, disengaging them.
Subcutaneous immunoglobulins in the treatment of chronic immune-mediated neuropathies
Authors: Leussink Verena I. , Hartung Hans-Peter , Kieseier Bernd C. , Stettner Mark
Published: April 2016

Intravenous immunoglobulins represent an established therapy for the treatment of chronic immune-mediated neuropathies, specifically chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies (CIDPs) as well as multifocal motor neuropathies (MMNs). For the treatment of antibody deficiency syndromes, subcutaneous immunoglobulins (SCIgs) have represented a mainstay for decades. An emerging body of evidence suggests that SCIg might also exhibit clinical efficacy in CIDP and MMN. This article reviews the current evidence for clinical effectiveness, as well as safety of SCIg for the treatment of immune-mediated neuropathies, and addresses remaining open questions in this context.

We conclude that despite the need for controlled long-term studies to demonstrate long-term efficacy of SCIg in immune-mediated neuropathies, SCIg may already represent a potential therapeutic alternative for selected patients.
Shared Opportunities on Institutional Lands
Authors: Knezevic Irena , Mount Phil , Clement Chantal
Published: April 2016

Aim:

This article outlines preliminary findings of a 3-year project that explored on-site food production on institutional properties, primarily healthcare facilities.

Background:

There are growing pressures on healthcare facilities to improve their food offerings and incorporate food gardens into their health programs. While several healthcare facilities produce food on-site, there are few studies that explore opportunities, capacities, and institutional barriers related to on-site food production.

Methods:

The study employed mixed methods including historical review, case studies, surveys, interviews, pilot garden projects, and Geographic Information System mapping. The number of participating institutions varied by method.

Results:

Benefits associated with on-site food production can be health, economic, environmental, and social. There are also institutional barriers including administrative roadblocks, perceived obstacles, and the difficulty in quantitatively, measuring the qualitatively documented benefits.

Conclusions:

The benefits of food gardens far outweigh the challenges. On-site food production has tremendous potential to improve nutrition for staff and patients, offer healing spaces, better connect institutions with the communities in which they are located, and provide the long-professed benefits of gardening for all involved—from therapeutic benefits and outdoor physical activities to developing skills and social relationships in ways that few other activities do.
Osteoporosis in liver disease: pathogenesis and management
Authors: Handzlik-Orlik Gabriela , Holecki Michał , Wilczyński Krzysztof , Duława Jan
Published: April 2016

Osteoporosis affects a substantial proportion of patients with chronic liver disease. Pathologic fracture in osteoporosis significantly affects quality of life and life expectancy. By some estimates, 40% of patients with chronic liver disease may experience osteoporotic fracture. In this study we review the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of specific liver disease entities and their relation to osteoporosis.
Risk Factors for Urosepsis in Older Adults
Authors: Peach Brian C. , Garvan Gerard J. , Garvan Cynthia S. , Cimiotti Jeannie P.
Published: April 2016

Objective: To identify factors that predispose older adults to urosepsis and urosepsis-related mortality. Method: A systematic search using PubMed and CINAHL databases. Articles that met inclusion criteria were assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria and were scored on a 4-point Likert-type scale. Results: A total of 180 articles were identified, and six met inclusion criteria. The presence of an internal urinary catheter was associated with the development of urosepsis and septic shock. Although a number of factors were examined, functional dependency, number of comorbidities, and low serum albumin were associated with mortality across multiple studies included in this review. Discussion: Little scientific evidence is available on urosepsis, its associated risk factors, and those factors associated with urosepsis-related mortality in older adults. More research is warranted to better understand urosepsis in this vulnerable population in an effort to improve the quality of patient care.
Using Photovoice With Undergraduate Interprofessional Health Sciences Students to Facilitate Understanding of and Dialogue About Health Disparities Within Communities
Authors: Gutierrez Cassity S. , Wolff Becky
Published: April 2016

Overview. It is important that future health care providers be made aware of the health disparities affecting their communities and the populations they will serve. Photovoice is an example of an interactive teaching and research tool used to depict health disparities through the use of images within a community. Purpose. The purpose of the study was to assess the views of undergraduate interprofessional health sciences students after their use of photovoice to understand health disparities. Method. The photovoice project was implemented as part of a learning unit on health disparities within an undergraduate Health Literacy and Culture Care course with 12 class sections over 2 years. Purposive sampling was used to survey the students who completed the course during this 2-year period in order to assess how the assignment increased their understanding of and ability to address health disparities within the communities that they live and serve. Results. A majority of the participants ( N = 48) strongly agreed/agreed that the photovoice assignment increased their understanding of health disparities, health disparities within their community, factors contributing to these health disparities, and ways to address health disparities. In addition, most participants strongly agreed/agreed that the photovoice assignment was a valuable learning activity related to health disparities and should continue to be used as an assignment. Although beyond the scope of the assignment, 26% of the respondents indicated that they took action within their community to address the health disparity identified. Conclusion. This study demonstrates that photovoice can be used as a pedagogical tool to extend student learning about health disparities beyond the classroom into the community.
Reflexivity in Sexual Health Pedagogy
Authors: Nyika Lawrence , Manguvo Angellar , Zinyanduko Fungai
Published: April 2016

Youth face a daunting task transitioning the ever-changing contemporary world, which often causes them to engage in self-talking. Employing sociological perspectives of critical realism, Margaret Archer used the term reflexivity to describe the process of self-talking and how it mediates between social structure and human agency or the ability to act. This reflexivity or self-talk is exercised in various ways as determined by a person’s concerns, aspirations, and nature of relationships with the social environment. In this article, we examine this perspective of reflexivity and its implications for school-based sex education. We show how reflexivity intersects with the concept of identity to provide important insights into why youth behave differently in similar social situations. Thus, we argue, there is a need to tailor sex education to students’ sexual behavior identities. It is crucial to situate contemporary sexual health pedagogy within social constructivist and critical theory perspectives because sexual behavior identities are influenced by many sociocultural constructs. The article concludes with examples of empowering sex education instructional strategies.
Evaluations of Neurologists by Their Patients and Residents Are Inversely Correlated
Authors: Dobbs Michael R , Smith Jonathan H
Published: April 2016

Objective and Background:

We hypothesized that evaluation scores for attending neurologists by patients and residents would parallel one another. Additionally, we hypothesized that provider productivity would be also be associated with performance evaluations by patients and residents.

Methods:

In a university neurology department, we collected individual Clinician and Group Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems patient satisfaction scores and standardized resident evaluation scores (n = 22 faculty members). We performed bivariate analysis of doctor–patient satisfaction versus resident evaluation scores.

Results:

Attending neurologists with higher patient satisfaction received lower resident evaluation scores ( P < .05). There seem to be disproportionate neurologists with low evaluations not meeting clinical productivity targets.

Conclusion:

Finding a significant inverse correlation was surprising. Perhaps what is valued by patients in their physician is not what residents value in teachers. That deserves further study. Maybe attending physicians who spend their energy on the patient experience do not have sufficient time to devote to teaching and vice versa. That neurologists with low evaluation scores appear more likely to not meet productivity targets supports this idea.
Physician and Parent Perspectives on Psychosocial and Emotional Data Entry in the Electronic Medical Record in a Pediatric Setting
Authors: Busack Christopher , Daskalakis Constantine , Rosen Paul
Published: April 2016

Objective:

This pilot study was conducted to evaluate physician and patient preferences for documentation of emotional and psychosocial information in the electronic medical record (EMR).

Methods:

Pediatricians from an academic medical center and parents of patients in an academic pediatric rheumatology practice were surveyed on 10 different elements using Likert-type scale items (1 = not at all important, 10 = extremely important). The importance of the proposed categories was evaluated by means testing and pairwise comparisons of the responses.

Results:

Responses were obtained from 45 physicians and 35 parents. The overall mean scores for physicians and parents were 7.70 and 7.44, respectively. Scores on personality, friends, and school differed between physicians and parents, but those differences were not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons ( P = .13, .17, and .26, respectively). Fears, special requests, and special needs were in the high-score group for both physicians and parents.

Conclusion:

Physicians and parents reported that the incorporation of emotional and psychosocial information into the EMR added value to the health care of children.
The Big Event
Authors: O’Connor Kimberly W.
Published: April 2016

The Big Event is a nationally recognized, student-run day of service where students, faculty, and staff give back to their university’s surrounding community by performing volunteer work. The Big Event can also be used as a resource to teach and reinforce corporate social responsibility (CSR) theories to management students. Students participating in the Big Event see firsthand application of the many CSR concepts they learn in the classroom. By utilizing the Big Event as a service project, students also gain a better appreciation of the real-world issues and problems that modern organizations often encounter. The service project can be used in a business law or ethics course, in an introductory management course, or in an organizational behavior course, among others. The Big Event is therefore an excellent resource for management educators to use when teaching CSR theories, and it is a wonderful way for students, faculty, and staff to give back to the community.
Altered Levels of Salivary 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine in Breast Cancer
Authors: Gornitsky M. , Velly A.M. , Mohit S. , Almajed M. , Su H. , Panasci L. , Schipper H.M.
Published: April 2016

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC). To determine whether BC is associated with altered salivary redox homeostasis, we performed a case-control study assessing the relationship between BC and 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a marker for oxidative damage to DNA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 8-oxodG was used on whole, unstimulated saliva of 134 BC patients and 226 healthy controls. Associations of the redox data were assessed by analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis. Our results revealed that there were 1) significantly lower mean levels of salivary 8-oxodG in BC patients versus controls ( P = 0.0005), 2) significantly lower levels among participants who did not receive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy as compared with controls ( P < 0.0001), 3) significantly lower levels among BC patients who did not receive these treatments than among those who did ( P < 0.02), 4) and no significant differences in mean 8-oxodG levels among BC patients positive or negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( P ≥ 0.08). Our results suggest that BC is associated with decreased levels of oxidatively modified DNA in saliva.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of our current case-control study indicate that the molecular biomarker of oxidative stress 8-oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine, measured from saliva, is associated with breast cancer. Our findings may provide the basis for future studies on molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress and breast cancer using saliva as an accessible and noninvasive tissue.
Measuring Value Exchange in a Community: A Deeper Exploration
Authors: Imel Spencer
Published: April 2016

The previous edition of this Journal included an article titled ‘Making Engagement Worth It: Measuring and Managing How Entrepreneurs Exchange Value with Their Community’. It presented a case study whereby the techniques associated with the field of Customer Value Management in business were applied by researchers in the public sector. The case involved understanding and measuring the perceptions of entrepreneurs about the communities in which they start businesses, with the aim of providing community leaders and policymakers with actionable information about how to create a more compelling value proposition for entrepreneurs.

This article provides further information about the approach and execution of that study. It contains details about the development of the qualitative framework which will allow you to understand how community members evaluate the worth of their community. It describes the design and implementation of the quantitative survey and analysis that generates data and conclusions for decision-makers. The main purpose of this article is to help researchers and practitioners of Customer Value Management techniques apply this successful method for measuring, managing and improving the value proposition of their own communities.
Welcoming a new age for gene therapy in hematology
Authors: Weiss Mitchell J. , Mullighan Charles G.
Published: April 2016

Our capacities to understand and manipulate mammalian genomes are accelerating at an astounding pace. In 2007, Capecchi, Evans, and Smithies were awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine for their work on gene targeting, which showed that embryonic stem cells could be modified by homologous recombination (HR) with engineered template DNA to alter virtually any gene and create mutant mice. This work revolutionized biology by allowing investigators to study the in vivo consequences of selected gene alteration. However, the efficiency of HR in embryonic stem cells is unpredictable, depending on the target gene and HR template. More importantly, spontaneous HR occurs at very low rates in most somatic cells, restricting the use of standard gene targeting for most laboratory and clinical applications. This limitation is being overcome by genome-editing technologies, which markedly enhance the capacity to alter cellular genes with laser-like precision. Four review articles in this edition of Blood summarize the field of genome editing, focusing on its potential for treating hematological disorders.
Heuristics for spatial finding using iterative mobile crowdsourcing
Authors: Loke Seng W.
Published: April 2016

Crowdsourcing has become a popular method for involving humans in socially-aware computational processes. This paper proposes and investigates algorithms for finding regions of interest using mobile crowdsourcing. The algorithms are iterative, using cycles of crowd-querying and feedback till specified targets are found, each time adjusting the query according to the feedback using heuristics. We describe three (computationally simple) heuristics, incorporated into crowdsourcing algorithms, to reducing the costs (the number of questions required) and increasing the efficiency (or reducing the number of rounds required) in using such crowdsourcing: (i) using additional questions in each round in the expectation of failures, (ii) using neighbourhood associations in the case where regions of interest are clustered, and (iii) modelling regions of interest via spatial point processes. We demonstrate the improved performance of using these heuristics using a range of stylised scenarios. Our research suggests that finding in the city is not as difficult as it can be, especially for phenomena that exhibit some degree of clustering.
Seismic wave attenuation and modulus dispersion in sandstones
Authors: Spencer James W. , Shine Jacob
Published: April 2016

We have conducted laboratory experiments over the 1–200 Hz band to examine the effects of viscosity and permeability on modulus dispersion and attenuation in sandstones and also to examine the effects of partial gas or oil saturation on velocities and attenuations. Our results have indicated that bulk modulus values with low-viscosity fluids are close to the values predicted using Gassmann’s first equation, but, with increasing frequency and viscosity, the bulk and shear moduli progressively deviate from the values predicted by Gassmann’s equations. The shear moduli increase up to 1 GPa (or approximately 10%) with high-viscosity fluids. The P- and S-wave attenuations ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) and modulus dispersion with different fluids are indicative of stress relaxations that to the first order are scaling with frequency times viscosity. By fitting Cole-Cole distributions to the scaled modulus and attenuation data, we have found that there are similar P-wave, shear and bulk relaxations, and attenuation peaks in each of the five sandstones studied. The modulus defects range from 11% to 15% in Berea sandstone to 16% to 26% in the other sandstones, but these would be reduced at higher confining pressures. The relaxations shift to lower frequencies as the viscosity increased, but they do not show the dependence on permeability predicted by mesoscopic wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) theories. Results from other experiments having patchy saturation with liquid [Formula: see text] and high-modulus fluids are consistent with mesoscopic WIFF theories. We have concluded that the modulus dispersion and attenuations ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) in saturated sandstones are caused by a pore-scale, local-flow mechanism operating near grain contacts.
Breast Cancer Reporting in Lagos, Nigeria: Implications for Training and Education in Africa
Authors: Daramola Adetola O. , Banjo Adekunbiola A. , Bennett Aneliese , Abdulkareem Fatimah , Shaaban Abeer M.
Published: April 2016

Purpose

To assess the completeness and accuracy of breast cancer pathologic reporting in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods

The histologic parameters provided in breast cancer pathology reports at a large teaching hospital in Nigeria were assessed. The corresponding slides were reviewed after the United Kingdom Royal College of Pathologists guidelines, and results were compared.

Results

Out of 115 breast cancer cases, histologic type of breast carcinoma was concordant with the review type in 53.1% of cases and discordant in 46.9%. Grading was stated in 89.62% of cases, of which 50.5% were correctly graded, 35.8% were under-graded, and 8.5% were over-graded. Poor fixation and omission of the mitotic count were the main reasons for discordant grades. A comment on lymph node status was included in 40% of cases, and lymphovascular invasion was not commented on in 97.4% of cases. Only 26% of the tumors had hormone receptors and/or HER2 tested.

Conclusion

Some essential histologic parameters were absent from the histologic reports, and where present, a proportion were inaccurate. Attention to specimen fixation and method of grading and familiarity with uncommon breast cancer types are required; all can be facilitated by education and training. The use of a template/proforma is recommended to ensure cancer data set parameters are included in the pathology reports.
Maternal Obesity in the Mouse Compromises the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Arcuate Nucleus of Offspring
Authors: Kim Dong Won , Glendining Kelly A. , Grattan David R. , Jasoni Christine L.
Published: April 2016

The arcuate nucleus (ARC) regulates body weight in response to blood-borne signals of energy balance. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the ARC is determined by capillary endothelial cells (ECs) and tanycytes. Tight junctions between ECs limit paracellular entry of blood-borne molecules into the brain, whereas EC transporters and fenestrations regulate transcellular entry. Tanycytes appear to form a barrier that prevents free diffusion of blood-borne molecules. Here we tested the hypothesis that gestation in an obese mother alters BBB permeability in the ARC of offspring. A maternal high-fat diet model was used to generate offspring from normal-weight (control) and obese dams (OffOb). Evans Blue diffusion into the ARC was higher in OffOb compared with controls, indicating that ARC BBB permeability was altered. Vessels investing the ARC in OffOb had more fenestrations than controls, although the total number of vessels was not changed. A reduced number of tanycytic processes in the ARC of OffOb was also observed. The putative transporters, Lrp1 and dysferlin, were up-regulated and tight junction components were differentially expressed in OffOb compared with controls. These data suggest that maternal obesity during pregnancy can compromise BBB formation in the fetus, leading to altered BBB function in the ARC after birth.
Urban Renewal Projects and Democratic Capacities of Citizens
Authors: Tepe Sultan
Published: April 2016

Many of the urban renewal projects (URPs) in consolidating democracies are not market-led projects but rather projects initiated by the state and implemented by the private sector. Promising to improve urban poor regions with URPs poses unique challenges and opportunities to residents, yet their microfoundations and the impact on citizens remain largely unexplored. Tracing the ways in which state, economic, and individual factors interact in two drastically different URPs in Istanbul, this resident-centered approach highlights two contradictory patterns: (1) citizens' increasing dependency on the central government and reluctance to protest and (2) the exigency to raise land-based demands beyond the confines of elections. Together these introduce URP residents as a new critical urban force in their respective democracies.
Egypt, Ethiopia, and the Nile River: The Continuing Dispute
Authors: Lawson Fred H.
Published: April 2016

Recent studies of Egypt's long-standing dispute with Ethiopia over the distribution of the waters of the Nile River assume that the adoption of the Nile Basin Initiative in 1999 heralded a sharp turn toward regional conciliation and harmony. This assumption is unwarranted, given Cairo's insistence that its “historic rights” to the Nile be preserved and the belligerent response by Egyptian politicians to Ethiopia's inauguration of the Millennium Project in the spring of 2013. A careful survey of recent relations between the two states demonstrates that the dispute retains a high potential for severe conflict.
Understanding covariate shift in model performance
Authors: McGaughey Georgia , Walters W. Patrick , Goldman Brian
Published: April 2016

Three (3) different methods (logistic regression, covariate shift and k-NN) were applied to five (5) internal datasets and one (1) external, publically available dataset where covariate shift existed. In all cases, k-NN’s performance was inferior to either logistic regression or covariate shift. Surprisingly, there was no obvious advantage for using covariate shift to reweight the training data in the examined datasets.
Penetration of internal gravity waveguide modes into the upper atmosphere
Authors: Руденко Георгий , Rudenko Georgiy , Дмитриенко Ирина , Dmitrienko Irina
Published: April 2016

The paper deals with the description of the internal gravity waveguide modes using dissipative solutions above the source [Rudenko, Dmitrienko, 2015]. Such description is compared with the accurate approach and the WKB approximation for the dissipationless equations. It is shown that for waveguide disturbances, dispersion relations calculated by any of the methods are close to each other and are in good agreement with the observed characteristics of traveling ionospheric disturbances. The use of dissipative solutions over the source allows us, in contrast to other methods, to adequately describe the spatial structure of perturbations in the upper atmosphere.
Arctic Oscillation impact on thermal regime of the Baltic region Eastern part
Authors: Гечайте Индре , Gecaite Indre , Погорельцев Александр , Pogoreltsev Aleksandr , Угрюмов Александр , Ugryumov Aleksandr
Published: April 2016

Statistical estimations of Arctic Oscillation (AO) impact on air temperature regime in the Eastern part of Baltic region are presented. The region is characterized by high inter-annual and inter-seasonal variabilities. It is important to note that in the region of global warming extremely low winter temperatures can be observed on the European territory of Russia. AO is one of large-scale global structures of atmospheric circulation closely associated with weather variability in Northern Europe. AО anomalies occur in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) and only then transferred to tropospheric lower layers. The anomalies can be preserved during long period up to two months, so they can be predictors in long-range weather forecast. In turn, changes in stratospheric polar vortex and sudden stratospheric warmings can be related to the geomagnetic activity. Perhaps, the geomagnetic activity influences the meridional temperature gradient and then changes in the structure of the stratospheric zonal wind. In turn, the changes have an impact on the tropospheric circulation. The stratosphere–troposphere connection occurs during winter months. Therefore, the paper presents the analysis of extremely cold winter anomalies in the Eastern part of Baltic Sea region. At the same time, we considered atmospheric circulation peculiarities related to AO phase change. The analyzable time interval covers 1951–2014.
Interferometric observation of Cygnus-А discrete radiosource scintillations at Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter radar
Authors: Глоба Мария , Globa Mariia , Васильев Роман , Vasilyev Roman , Кушнарев Дмитрий , Kushnarev Dmitriy , Медведев Андрей , Medvedev Andrey
Published: April 2016

We propose a new method for analysis of data from Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar. The method allows us to accomplish interferometric observation of discrete cosmic radiosource characteristics. In this study, we analyzed ionospheric scintillations of the radio source Cygnus-A. Observations were made in 2013 during regular radar sessions within 5–15 days for different seasons, and the effective time of observation was 15–30 minutes per day. For interferometric analysis, the properties of correlation (coherence) coefficient of two independent recording channels were used. The statistical analysis of data from independent channels allows us to construct two-dimensional histograms of radiosource brightness distribution with period of 18 s and to determine parameters (the maximum position and the histogram width) representing position and angular size of radiosource for each histogram. It is shown that the change of statistical characteristics does not correlate with fluctuations in power (scintillations) of the signal caused by radiowave propagation through ionospheric irregularities.
The reversal of the Sun’s magnetic field in cycle 24
Authors: Мордвинов Александр , Mordvinov Aleksandr , Певцов Алексей , Pevtsov Aleksey , Бертелло Лука , Bertello Luka , Петри Гордон , Petri Gordon
Published: April 2016

Analysis of synoptic data from the Vector Spectromagnetograph (VSM) of the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) and the NASA/NSO Spectromagnetograph (SPM) at the NSO/Kitt Peak Vacuum Telescope facility shows that the reversals of solar polar magnetic fields exhibit ele-ments of a stochastic process, which may include the development of specific patterns of emerging magnetic flux, and the asymmetry in activity between northern and southern hemispheres. The presence of such irregu-larities makes the modeling and prediction of polar field reversals extremely hard if possible. In a classical model of solar activity cycle, the unipolar magnetic regions (UMRs) of predominantly following polarity fields are transported polewards due to meridional flows and dif-fusion. The UMRs gradually cancel out the polar mag-netic field of the previous cycle, and rebuild the polar field of opposite polarity setting the stage for the next cycle. We show, however, that this deterministic picture can be easily altered by the developing of a strong cen-ter of activity, or by the emergence of an extremely large active region, or by a ‘strategically placed’ coronal hole. We demonstrate that the activity occurring during the current cycle 24 may be the result of this random-ness in the evolution of the solar surface magnetic field.
STUDY OF ADAPTATION FACTORS OF STUDENTS OF 2000S FOR TRAINING IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION BY DATA MINING METHODS
Authors: Шуметов  , Shumetov Vadim , Лясковская  , Lyaskovskaya Olga
Published: April 2016

The article contains the results of studying the factors of students’ adaptation to the conditions of university training with one of the most effective technologies Data Mining - the method of analysis of variance. The results of modeling factors of adaptation of students of peripheral universities to the new method of Data Mining, implemented by the procedure of generalized linear model analysis of the data packet of Social Sciences SPSS Base are presented. The empirical base of modeling is the result of the poll of university students in Orel, Bryansk, Kursk and Belgorod. It is shown that in 2000s the main factor determining the adaptation of students to training in university, was the course of training and the gender factor, the faculty of training was less significant factor.
ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY BY LEGAL MEANS
Authors: Назаренко  , Nazarenko Gennadiy
Published: April 2016

In the article anti-corruption policy is considered in criminal law and in the preventive aspects. The definition of anti-corruption policy by legal means is given. It is shown that the most significant and effective tool in this direction (kind) of policy is the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. However, the preventive potential of criminal law is not enough. The law does not cover a lot of corruption manifestations, which are involved in the use of any official status, its authority and opportunities. Up to the present time criminal law is not given with the accordance of the Federal Law «On combating corruption» from 25.12..2008 №273-FZ (as amended

on 22.12.2014).

Criminal law measures applied to corrupt officials, have palliative nature: they are based on the concept of limited use of criminal law and mitigation of punishment. The author makes a reasonable conclusion that more effective implementation of anti-corruption policy requires the adoption of new criminal law which contains the Chapter on corruption crimes, sanctions of which must include imprisonment as punishment as well as confiscation of property or life deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or to be engaged in certain activities.
PROBLEMS OF REALIZATION OF SOCIAL FUNCTIONS BY PUBLIC AUTHORITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Тютюнникова  , Tyutyunnikova Olga
Published: April 2016

The article analyzes the mechanism of consolidation the principle of redistribution of social powers in the Russian legislation, problems and ways to solve some of them. The author pays attention to the fact that some of social powers are referred to the joint jurisdiction of the Federation and the subjects under the Federation Treaty; later legislation continued this trend. However, when transferring the powers at the legislative level, the difference in the social and economic situation of regions and municipalities was not taken into account; subjects were not provided with funding of powers. Tax reform 2005 made municipalities dependent on the regions financially, for which the criteria for the aid amount to municipalities wasn’t indicated. Transfer of the regional tax to local budgets does not eliminate the differentiation, as it is done by the same standards. To resolve problems at the local level some amendments to the 131th Federal Law were adopted in 2014: the powers of the Federation must be transferred to the municipality only with the finances for their implementation, the decision to transfer must be valid for the entire term of the regional parliament, the law on the transfer of it must come into force only from the beginning of the fiscal year.
FORMATION OF LEGAL RELATIONSHIPS ARISING IN THE COURSE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Поляков  , Polyakov Aleksandr
Published: April 2016

The article considers the issues of interaction between public organizations and municipal authorities after the break-up of the Soviet Union. The author presents the analysis of some enactments regulating the work of public organizations and their relationships. Current problems in organizing joint activities of the presented structures are shown.
THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE SCAFFOLDER AND SOIL INTERACTION
Authors: Канаев Михаил , Kanaev Mikhail , Карпов Олег , Karpov Oleg , Васильев Сергей , Vasilev Sergey , Фатхутдинов Марат , Fathutdinov Marat
Published: April 2016

The purpose of research is to improve the dosing of mineral fertilizers sowing unit, depending on the physico-mechanical properties of the soil. In modern technologies of precision farming with differentiated application of mineral fertilizers, data from various sensors, results of analyzes of soil samples and aerial photography are mainly used, without taking into account factor such as the depth of the humus horizon, which largely determines the soil fertility. On the basis of the Samara State Agricultural Academy, studies are underway on the effect of the depth of the humus horizon on the fertility of the soil. Several machines have been developed for differentiating mineral fertilizers with spreader and cultivator. Currently, a system of differentiated application of mineral fertilizers is being developed for sowing agricultural crops and it is planned to produce a set of equipment for a standard seeder UCS-8 Vesta. A constructive scheme of the device for determining the traction resistance is presented, which is closely related to the depth of occurrence of the humus layer. The main working element of this device is a deformer in the form of a knife, with a dihedral grinding. The article presents theoretical studies of the effect of forces acting on a deformer. Based on the results of the theoretical justification of the technological process of the proposed scheme for determining the traction resistance, the load dependencies on the strain gauge link were derived depending on the drag resistance of the deformer, which is determined by its basic design and technological parameters and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The obtained dependences of the traction resistance of the working organs of the tillage implement will theoretically determine the additional energy costs from the introduction of the deformer in the design stage at the design stage of the machine and outline the directions for their optimization.
Additive synergic techniques of layered synthesis of composite products at power flow influence
Authors: Хейфец М. , Kheifets M.
Published: April 2016

An approach considering additive methods as synergic techniques ensuring self-organization of surface phenomena is offered. On the basis of the approach the energy sources and material for the techniques of layered synthesis of products are chosen. The thickness stabilization of layers formed is connected with the processes of surface phenomena self-organization and design peculiarities of parts.
The economic cycle and the innovation activity of the Polish industry system
Authors: Świadek Arkadiusz
Published: April 2016

Industrial structures in the “catching up” type of countries usually are not too competitive in nature, and mainly they differ in the low share of high-technology products in the international trade. The aim of the conducted studies was an attempt to search for directions, as well as the power of impact of different phases of the business cycle on the innovation activity of the Polish industrial system. Consequently, this was to allow to determine the boundary conditions for the national network of innovations and its model structure, which would take into account the specificity of Poland. The methodical part of the paper was based on the theory of probability (probit modelling). Based on the analysis performed based on 5209 industrial companies (questionnaire survey) it was stated that in the prosperity phase the implementation of the innovation activity is significantly higher than in other phases of the business cycle. On the other hand, during recession and stagnation, the innovation activity is a less common phenomenon, but is not completely abandoned. Research results did not confirm the occurrence of the counter-cyclical approach to the conducted innovation activity in the national industrial system. The economic situation is thus an important factor, which influences the decision whether to undertake, activate or, in some cases, limit the innovation activity in companies. Therefore, there is a need to take into account the existing market conditions in the programming of the innovation policy within the impact on the phenomenon of the innovation processes in Poland.
Catering approach to the dividend payment policy on the Warsaw Stock Exchange
Authors: Pieloch-Babiarz Aleksandra
Published: April 2016

Dividend payment policy is a significant issue of neoclassical theories of finance. One of the concepts which poses a challenge tothe neoclassical approach to dividend payment policy is behavioural finance, including a catering theory of dividends. The aim of the article is to examine whether and to what extent the catering theory of dividends is reflected in the behaviour of shareholders and managers on the WSE. The opportunity to accomplish the aim of this paper was conditioned by the empirical verification of research hypothesis stipulating that the number of dividend payers increases if the dividend payers are priced by the capital market higher that the nonpayers. The empirical verification of hypothesis was conducted basing on the equal- and value-weighted dividend premium as well as dividend payment ratios. Moreover, descriptive statistics, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, linear regression and coefficient of determination were used. The study was carried out on the basis of companies operating in the electromechanical industry sector that were listed on the WSE in the period between 1999-2013. The figures were taken from the Stock Exchange Yearbooks, Notoria Serwis database and GPWInfostrefa platform. The preliminary results of empirical research in the range of the catering theory of dividends allow to draw a conclusion that this theory may be useful in explaining the dividend policy conducted by electromechanical industry companies listed on the WSE.
Deadlines in Product Development
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan
Published: April 2016

Deadlines are common in product development and are often felt to be too harsh—many development efforts are still worth continuing at the time of mandated termination. We examine the value of deadlines from the agency-theoretic perspective. We consider a firm that pays an agent to lead product development activities. The chance of success depends on the viability of the project and the effort of the agent. As the project proceeds without success, doubts grow as to whether the project is viable. To motivate continued effort, the firm must promise the agent a generous reward if success is achieved during the late stage of development. However, rewarding late success undermines effort incentives in the early stage. The firm may find it more profitable to impose a hard, early deadline to eliminate the agent’s dynamic incentive to procrastinate. We derive conditions under which the firm should impose such deadlines.

This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing.
Anaphylaxis: Managing severe allergies in school
Authors: Clarke Sue
Published: April 2016

School nurses need to be well-informed of the steps that need to be taken in the case of a severe allergic reaction, ensure that adequate care plans and emergency medication is in place, and be able to provide school staff with adequate information/training.
Risks from emerging parasitic zoonoses in companion animals
Authors: Morganx Eric R
Published: April 2016

Various parasites can infect both companion animals and humans, and the epidemiology of some is changing. Such changes can be attributed to climate change, pet travel and altered ecological relationships. Additionally, newly acquired knowledge on the nature and impacts of parasites alters our perception of their zoonotic risks, and should influence approaches to diagnosis, control and advice in veterinary practice. This article sets out to provide an update on the epidemiology of selected emerging parasitic zoonoses in dogs and cats.
Training and education for the dental team
Authors: Cure Richard
Published: April 2016

This article raises awareness of new qualifications for DCPs, and discusses how training as a team in an interprofessional education environment is advantageous for the whole practice. It shows how developing the dental team enhances job satisfaction and quality of patient care