bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The paradox of inclusion and exclusion in membership associations
Authors: Solebello Nicholas , Tschirhart Mary , Leiter Jeffrey
Published: October 2015

We use interviews and a focus group with leaders of a sample of nonprofit professional and trade membership associations based in the United States to understand what the leaders recognize to be their membership association’s diversity challenges and initiatives. We identify incentives, identity and power challenges as fundamental influences on the diversity of potential and existing members. Our analysis reveals a paradox in which attempts to increase the association’s inclusiveness are met with countervailing desires to maintain the membership association’s exclusiveness. We find that leaders may attempt to manage the paradox through strategies that legitimize diversity initiatives, change the membership association’s identity to reflect the valuing of diversity, and take advantage of organizational structures to embed diversity-related practices and accountability. These strategies have been discussed in the diversity management literature but without our paradox perspective. Additionally, paradox literature emphasizes the importance of ambidextrous (‘both/and’) approaches to paradox management, but these strategies may reflect an ‘either/or’ approach as leaders push their agenda forward, potentially in direct conflict with the desires of some current members.
A Post-colonial Analysis of India–United States Nuclear Security: Orientalism, Discourse, and Identity in International Relations
Authors: Das Runa
Published: October 2015

This article uses Edward Said’s post-colonial framework to analyze India–United States (US) nuclear security relations in the post-Cold War period as a clash of US Orientalism and India’s nuclear sovereignty as a key marker of India’s post-colonial essence. Through an analysis of the discourses of India and the US with regard to India’s May 1998 detonation and the 123 Agreement, it explores the following questions: To what extent has America’s security relationship with India been characterized by Orientalist discourses? Does the revision of the US post-9/11 security relationship with India as evidenced through the 123 Agreement indicate continuity or change in America’s Orientalist discourses vis-à-vis the nuclear policies of the Indian state? How has this shaped India’s nuclear nationalism? In exploring these questions, it will be argued that US security discourses reflective of Orientalism have constructed India along Orientalist lines; have structured US security policies towards the nuclear strategies of the Indian state (thereby consolidating India’s nuclear nationalism); and, that the revision of the US security relationship with India post-9/11 shows a continuity of America’s Orientalism towards the Indian state and its nuclear program. The article concludes with an analysis of the implications of Orientalism on South Asian security/International Relations.
Strains and Delinquency of Migrant Adolescents in China: An Investigation From the Perspective of General Strain Theory
Authors: Gao Yunjiao , Wong Dennis S. W.
Published: October 2015

Migrant youth are widely considered to engage in more delinquency than their local counterparts because they experience more strains, but few studies have empirically examined the delinquency of migrant adolescents in China. This study applied data of 496 local and 667 migrant adolescents in Shenzhen, China, and examined the effect of migrant status on delinquency and the mechanism of how strains contribute to delinquency. The study found that migrant adolescents, compared with their local counterparts, generally did not engage in higher levels of delinquency despite experiencing higher levels of strains. The pathways to delinquency under strains were similar between the two groups, which were partially mediated by weakening social control and increasing delinquent peer affiliation. The findings of this study challenge the migrant–delinquency link in the dominant Chinese discourse and suggest that migrant adolescents are not necessarily more deviant compared with local adolescents.
Length of Stay and Inpatient Costs Under Medicaid Managed Care in Florida
Authors: Park Jungwon
Published: October 2015

This study examines the patterns of length of stay (LOS) and inpatient costs for both Medicaid managed care and nonmanaged care patients using data from Medicaid patients aged 18 to 64 years who were discharged from hospitals in Florida between 2006 and 2012. This study used pooled cross-sectional multilevel modeling. The results show that the type of Medicaid program in which patients were enrolled was significantly related to the hospital LOS and inpatient costs. Medicaid managed care patients had 7% shorter LOSs and a 1.9% lower inpatient cost than did Medicaid fee-for-service (FFS) patients. Medicaid managed care patients had shorter LOSs in the Medicaid managed care market with high competition. High managed care penetration generates a cost-decreasing spillover to Medicaid FFS patients.
Addiction, Drugs, and Experimentation
Authors: Nielsen Bjarke , Houborg Esben
Published: October 2015

In Denmark, outpatient substitution treatment has traditionally been associated with a great deal of ambivalence and control. Until the late 1990s, a condition for entering substitution treatment was that the user ceased using illicit drugs. Failure to comply would in many cases mean expulsion from treatment. However, since the late 1990s/early 2000s, a more liberal substitution treatment policy has developed, which recognizes continued attachments to illicit drugs and drug scenes for many drug users. With this shift in treatment rationality, treatment encounters between social workers and drug users can be analyzed as experiments enacting new relations between legal and illegal drugs, bodies, and environments. Drawing analytical inspiration from material semiotics and actor-network theory, this article focuses on how “outside” relations are articulated and become visible “inside” outpatient treatment encounters. Against this backdrop, we analyze the trial and error involved in stabilization as a set of ongoing processes relating to configurations of heterogeneous material networks. The article presents by way of a case study a detailed analysis of these entanglements, drawing on data from two qualitative studies of outpatient substitution treatment in Denmark.
Reoffending After Release
Authors: Beijersbergen Karin A. , Dirkzwager Anja J. E. , Nieuwbeerta Paul
Published: October 2015

Reoffending rates after release from prison are high in most Western countries. Knowledge on how certain aspects of prison life affect postrelease recidivism could be useful to effective crime-control. One aspect of prison life that may potentially affect prisoners’ reoffending behavior refers to the extent to which prisoners feel treated fairly and respectfully. This notion is central to procedural justice theories, which argue that people will be more likely to comply with the law when they feel treated in a just and decent way by actors who enforce the law. At present, it is unknown whether or not a procedurally just treatment during imprisonment can reduce postprison reoffending rates. This study examined (a) whether prisoners’ procedural justice perceptions influence their postrelease offending behavior, and (b) whether the relationship between procedural justice and reoffending was mediated by prisoners’ perceived legitimacy of the criminal justice system. Associations were explored with survey and registered conviction data of 1,241 Dutch prisoners from the Prison Project. Although the effect was small, prisoners who felt treated in a procedurally just manner during imprisonment were less likely to be reconvicted in the 18 months after release. No evidence was found for a mediating role of legitimacy.
Internal migration and health stratification in urban China
Authors: Niu Jianlin , Qi Yaqiang
Published: October 2015

This study examines health stratification in contemporary urban China in light of rapid internal migration and evolving socio-institutional arrangements in the society. Much of this has been linked to the hukou system or household registration system which has created a stratification system based on place of origin (rural or urban) and occupation (agricultural or non-agricultural). The research question was probed using a nationally representative survey. The results show that as a group, migrants in urban areas were healthier than urban natives, and residents with non-agricultural hukou were healthier than those having agricultural hukou. Institutional impacts on health status were largely indirect, as manifested partly through self-selective mechanisms of migration and partly through socio-economic stratification in urban society. Nevertheless, institutional arrangements had salient direct impacts on individuals' access to health resources, which were robust even after controlling for related demographic and socio-economic factors.
Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Impact on Postoperative Outcome in Patients With Crohn's Disease Undergoing Bowel Resection
Authors: Zhang Tenghui , Cao Lei , Cao Tingzhi , Yang Jianbo , Gong Jianfeng , Zhu Weiming , Li Ning , Li Jieshou
Published: October 2015

Background: Sarcopenia has been proposed to be a prognostic factor of outcomes for various diseases but has not been applied to Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to assess the impact of sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes after bowel resection in patients with CD. Materials and Methods: Abdominal computed tomography images within 30 days before bowel resection in 114 patients with CD between May 2011 and March 2014 were assessed for sarcopenia as well as visceral fat areas and subcutaneous fat areas. The impact of sarcopenia on postoperative outcomes was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Of 114 patients, 70 (61.4%) had sarcopenia. Patients with sarcopenia had a lower body mass index, lower preoperative levels of serum albumin, and more major complications (15.7% vs 2.3%, P = .027) compared with patients without sarcopenia. Moreover, predictors of major postoperative complications were sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR], 9.24; P = .04) and a decreased skeletal muscle index (1.11; P = .023). Preoperative enteral nutrition (OR, 0.13; P = .004) and preoperative serum albumin level >35 g/L (0.19; P = .017) were protective factors in multivariate analyses. Conclusion: The prevalence of sarcopenia is high in patients with CD requiring bowel resection. It significantly increases the risk of major postoperative complications and has clinical implications with respect to nutrition management before surgery for CD.
Large intrathoracic goiter: When sternotomy is unavoidable
Authors: Koh Puay Theng , Tan Ngian Chye
Published: October 2015

Intrathoracic goiter is not uncommon but one that requires a sternotomy in addition to a cervical incision, to aid its removal, is. We describe the case of a 51-year-old woman whose intrathoracic goiter was successfully removed via a sternotomy.
Assuming it is all about conditions. Framing a simulation model for complex, adaptive urban space
Authors: Yamu Claudia , de Roo Gert , Frankhauser Pierre
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we explore the route beyond the conventional, linear attitude within planning and its rationality debate. We combine our theoretical reasoning with a multiscale approach and with fractal-like argumentation which results in a frame of conditions which is supported by the outline of a theoretical conceptual simulation model which would also allow non-linear, iterative simulations of the urban space. The understanding of autonomous non-linear spatial development has a direct impact on planning. Addressing the underlying thinking behind Haken’s synergetics we develop a framework within which the interdependencies between different levels of scale are key. We are aware that bottom-up and top-down processes often have a mutual influence on one another. We therefore propose a conceptual simulation model for planning where conditions have an impact at various levels of scale. In coherence with the idea of the ‘dynamic behaviour of the system after a planning decision was made’, this feedback gives us information on the surviving and non-surviving planning scenarios and decisions and is reminiscent of systems which are open to self-organizing pattern formation. Our reasoning with regard to planning and decision-making and their multilevel consequences is strongly influenced by the arguments presented in complexity studies.
Is There an Enabling Environment for Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture in East Africa?
Authors: Hodge Judith , Herforth Anna , Gillespie Stuart , Beyero Mesfin , Wagah Margaret , Semakula Richard
Published: October 2015

Background:

There is growing recognition that “nutrition-sensitive” development is necessary to ensure nutrition security and reduce malnutrition. While agriculture has the potential to be a strong driver of malnutrition reduction and serves as the main source of livelihood for approximately two-thirds of East Africa’s population, its potential to reduce malnutrition is currently not being realized.

Objective:

Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in East Africa is a research study based in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda that seeks to understand the enabling environment necessary for optimizing the contribution of the food and agriculture sector to nutrition outcomes. Its objectives were to explore stakeholder perceptions of nutrition–agriculture linkages, of political and institutional challenges and opportunities, of evidence that is available and influential for policy making, and of key issues with regard to capacity.

Methods:

Open-ended and semistructured interviews were conducted with 53 stakeholders from government, civil society, donors, United Nations organizations, private sector, and research/academic institutions in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda in 2014.

Results:

Although policy opportunities and contexts are different between the 3 countries, stakeholders identified similar barriers to greater action, including a narrow focus on solely market-oriented and staple crop production, a lack of clarity and incentives within the agriculture sector about improving nutrition and how to translate policy into action, and lack of capacity in human and financial resources. Many actions to improve the nutrition sensitivity of agriculture were mentioned, including crop diversification, value chain activities and improved market access, nutrition education, and reduction in time and labor costs to women.

Conclusion:

Many opportunities exist to strengthen the impact of agriculture on nutrition in East Africa, but stronger formulation and implementation of policies will require adequate human resources, funds, timely data on the context, sector alignment on priority actions, and alignment on a framework or indicators for accountability.
Generations on paper: Bourdieu and the critique of ‘generationalism’
Authors: Purhonen Semi
Published: October 2015

This article first examines the role of the concept of generation in Pierre Bourdieu’s work. It shows that Bourdieu’s usage of the concept of generation varied throughout his œuvre and that Bourdieu seldom if ever used the concept in the same sense as Karl Mannheim and many subsequent sociologists who have understood generation as a potential source of identity and political mobilization. However, and second, the article argues that Bourdieu’s sociology does have much to offer for the sociological study of generations, but only if we stop concentrating on those rare passages in which he explicitly used the word ‘generation’. We should focus instead on his more general approach to the genesis of social groupings, classification struggles and the difficult relationships of representation. The application and extension of Bourdieu’s ideas demonstrated here can provide a welcome antidote to so-called generationalism – a simplified and exaggerated picture of generations, which dates back to early 20th-century European intellectuals and which can still be found in today’s popular discourses as well as in academic studies.
A review on the sustainability of natural fiber in matrix reinforcement – A practical perspective
Authors: Adekomaya O , Jamiru T , Sadiku R , Huan Z
Published: October 2015

Fiber reinforced composites have been used in several applications for several years and the market is continuously growing. It is known that the addition of fibers for reinforcing of matrix has advantages, especially the mechanical properties of the composites. Environmental and economic concerns are stimulating new research in the development of sustainable fiber for reinforcing polymer matrix. Particularly attractive are new materials in which a good part is based on natural and renewable resources, hence aggravating the environmental concerns that may result in the depletion and dwindling of wood resources from forest. This assessment report provides detailed world production of natural fiber and the inherent looming danger envisaged if attention is not shifted from its continuous usage. It has been stated that natural fibers are renewable and sustainable, but they are in fact, neither i.e. living plants are renewable and sustainable, from which natural fibers are taken, but not the fibers themselves. The US market reports that the composite market was 2.7 billion pounds sterling in 2006 and it is estimated to reach 3.3 billion pound sterling by 2012 with a 3.3% annual growth. Natural fiber market in the US experienced a 13% growth rate (275 million kilograms) between 1994 and 2004 and the demand for the natural fibers continues to rise. The average global annual market growth for natural fibers between 2003 and 2007 was 38%, while Europe saw the highest annual growth rate of 48%. This market was estimated at 0.36 million metric ton in 2007 and it is expected to reach 3.45 million metric ton in 2020. Fiber reinforced market is a multibillion dollar business and the natural fiber composites take a fair part of it.
Biotin-conjugated fusogenic liposomes for high-quality cell purification
Authors: Hersch Nils , Wolters Benjamin , Ungvari Zoltan , Gautam Tripti , Deshpande Dhruva , Merkel Rudolf , Csiszar Anna , Hoffmann Bernd , Csiszár Agnes
Published: October 2015

Purification of defined cell populations from mixed primary cell sources is essential for many biomedical and biotechnological applications but often very difficult to accomplish due to missing specific surface markers. In this study, we developed a new approach for efficient cell population separation based on the specific membrane fusion characteristics of distinct cell types upon treatment with fusogenic liposomes. When such liposomes are conjugated with biotin, specific cell populations can be efficiently surface functionalized by biotin after liposomal treatment while other populations remain unlabeled. Due to the high affinity of biotin for avidin-like proteins, biotin functionalized cells are ideal targets for conjugation of e.g. avidin tagged magnetic beads, fluorophores or antibodies with bioanalytical relevance. Here, based on the differential biotinylation of distinct cell populations high quality separation of cardiac fibroblasts from myocytes, and cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells from fibroblasts was successfully established.
Study on torsional stiffness of transmission employed in a rotary table
Authors: Han Lin , Xu Lixin , Wang Fujun
Published: October 2015

Torsional stiffness of a rotary table plays an important role in the static and dynamic characteristics of a rotary feed drive system. This paper proposes an effective approach to estimate the torsional stiffness of a worm geared transmission usually employed in rotary table. First, the stiffness models of each component used in the transmission are extracted. Then, an expression for the coefficient relating angular displacements is derived and a general torsional stiffness model for the rotary feed drive is developed, taking the time-varying mesh stiffness into account. Finally, a stiffness test scheme is presented and conducted to verify the proposed stiffness model. Furthermore, the influences of the gear’s parameters on the resultant torsional stiffness are investigated based on the developed model. Results indicate the necessity to incorporate a time-varying mesh stiffness when the torsional stiffness of the rotary table is under estimation. Also, a high-frequency variation in profile of torsional stiffness is induced by the mesh stiffness of gear pairs at the high-speed stage. Parametric studies show that tooth width and number of teeth of the driven gear at low-speed stage are more sensitive to stiffness than those at high-speed stage. However, the number of teeth of the driving gears introduces different effects onto the torsional stiffness. The presented model can be used to estimate the torsional stiffness of a rotary feed system efficiently, especially during the preliminary design stage.
Usual vulval intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-positive women – a case series
Authors: Toby M , Conway K , Sethi G , Lewis F
Published: October 2015

Usual or undifferentiated type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is more common in young women and is usually associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. It is associated with the development of basaloid or warty squamous cell carcinoma. Studies have shown that HIV-positive women have an increased risk of VIN and invasive vulval carcinoma, but there is a paucity of data about this cohort of women. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical features and treatment responses of HIV-positive women diagnosed with VIN in a specialist vulval dermatology clinic. HIV-positive women diagnosed with VIN from 2007 to 2013 were retrospectively identified. Data were collected on demographics, clinical features, treatments and outcomes. Seven cases were retrospectively identified. The median CD4 cell count at presentation was 500 cells/mm3 (range 59–761). Five had multifocal VIN. Five were treated with imiquimod alone, one had surgical excision and one patient was treated with imiquimod and surgery. Five of the seven had complete resolution of disease. HIV-positive patients with VIN had good responses to treatment with imiquimod. They were likely to be stable on combination antiretroviral therapy at presentation, have multifocal disease and concurrent vaginal, anal or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control of magneto-rheological seat suspension with human body model
Authors: Shin Do Kyun , Phu Do Xuan , Choi Sang-Min , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: October 2015

This article presents the control performances of a vehicle seat suspension system equipped with magneto-rheological dampers using a new adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller. A magneto-rheological damper is designed by applying the Bingham model incorporating with the field-dependent rheological properties of magneto-rheological fluid. On the other hand, a seat suspension model is established by integrating with a 4-degree-of-freedom human body model. Then, the governing equations are then derived considering the vertical motion of the seat. Subsequently, an adaptive fuzzy controller is formulated by considering the acceleration of the seat. This controller is combined with the sliding mode controller to ensure the robustness against model uncertainty and external disturbances. The controller is then evaluated through experiment. It is demonstrated that the proposed seat suspension system realized by the proposed adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller can provide very effective ride comfort performances by reducing vertical acceleration under regular bump, random signal, and sinusoidal excitations.
Irritant Contact Dermatitis on Hands
Authors: McGuckin Maryanne , Govednik John
Published: October 2015

Hand hygiene (HH) is the single most important procedure health care workers (HCWs) can follow to reduce the risk of spreading health care–associated infections, yet compliance with this simple task remains at less than 50%. One of the reasons often cited for noncompliance is irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) resulting from repeated exposure to HH products and procedure. This literature review used the World Health Organization’s components of empowerment as a guideline for the search and development of a clinical model to address HCW HH and ICD.
Perioperative and Anesthetic Considerations in Ebstein’s Anomaly
Authors: Ross Faith J. , Latham Gregory J. , Richards Michael , Geiduschek Jeremy , Thompson Douglas , Joffe Denise
Published: October 2015

Ebstein’s anomaly is a complex and heterogeneous form of congenital heart disease characterized by malformation and apical displacement of the tricuspid valve leaflets. Patients may present at any time from the neonatal period to adulthood with symptoms ranging from cardiac failure and cyanosis to paroxysmal arrhythmias. Depending on the timing of presentation, various surgical options are available for the management of symptomatic patients. This review will discuss the perioperative and anesthetic management of patients with Ebstein’s anomaly with reference to the more common surgical approaches.
Contact Dermatitis to Personal Sporting Equipment in Youth
Authors: Marzario Barbara , Burrows Dianne , Skotnicki Sandy
Published: October 2015

Background:

Contact dermatitis to personal sporting equipment in youth is poorly studied.

Objective:

To review the results of patch testing 6 youth to their sporting equipment in a dermatology general private practice from 2006 to 2011.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 6 youth aged 11 to 14 who were evaluated for chronic and persistent dermatitis occurring in relation to sports equipment was conducted. All patients were subjected to epicutaneous (patch) testing, which included some or all of the following: North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACGD) series, textile series, rubber series, corticosteroid series, and raw material from the patients’ own personal equipment.

Results:

All cases had 1 or more positive patch test reactions to an allergen within the aforementioned series, and 3 subjects tested positive to their personal equipment in raw form.

Conclusions:

Allergic contact dermatitis, not irritant, was deemed the relevant cause of chronic dermatitis in 4 of the 6 patients due to positive reactions to epicutaneous tests and/or personal equipment. The utility of testing to patients’ own sporting equipment was shown to be of additional value and should be considered when patch testing for contact allergy to sporting equipment.
Lupus Miliaris Disseminatus Faciei With Isolated Axillary Involvement
Authors: Kim Whan Ben , Mistry Nisha
Published: October 2015

Background:

Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF) is a chronic, granulomatous inflammatory disorder, commonly localized to the face.

Objective:

To present an unusual manifestation of LMDF and review the literature.

Methods:

We document a 41-year-old woman with LMDF with isolated axillary involvement. A literature review was conducted using Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar for similar cases using search terms lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei, LMDF, acne agminata, and acnitis.

Results:

Extrafacial LMDF without concomitant facial involvement is rare; there has been only 1 other report of LMDF with exclusive axillary involvement to date. In addition, we report the successful use of doxycycline monohydrate combined with topical tacrolimus in the treatment of LMDF.

Conclusion:

Physicians should note that LMDF can occur in body sites other than the face and should be aware of the available treatment options to manage this condition.
The disciplinary and pleasurable spaces of boys’ PE – The art of distributions
Authors: Gerdin Göran
Published: October 2015

In taking heed of the so-called ‘spatial turn’ in social theory this paper explores how the spatial intersects with boys’ performances of gender and (dis)pleasures in school physical education (PE). In particular, the paper aims to contribute to our understanding of how the organisation and implementation of physical and social spaces in PE can be seen as enabling or restricting boys’ participation and enjoyment in this subject. The research setting was a multicultural single-sex boys’ secondary school in Auckland, New Zealand which is widely known for its strong focus on sports and especially rugby. The data was generated through a participatory visual research approach involving video recordings, focus groups and individual interviews. In order to interpret the data I draw on Foucault’s theorising of the disciplinary use of space, what he calls ‘the art of distributions’, to examine the co-construction of gender, space and (dis)pleasures within boys’ PE. I demonstrate how through their performances of gender, as shaped by discourses and relations of power associated with sport and masculinity, the boys capitalise on the spaces of PE to highlight them as productive and pleasurable spaces.
Reduction of incorrect record accessing and charting patient electronic medical records in the perioperative environment
Authors: Rebello Elizabeth , Kee Spencer , Kowalski Alicia , Harun Nusrat , Guindani Michele , Goravanchi Farzin
Published: October 2015

Opening and charting in the incorrect patient electronic record presents a patient safety issue. The authors investigated the prevalence of reported errors and whether efforts utilizing the anesthesia time-out and barcoding have decreased the incidence of errors in opening and charting in the patient electronic medical record in the perioperative environment. The authors queried the database for all surgeries and procedures requiring anesthesia from January 2009 to September 2012. Of the 115,760 records of anesthesia procedures identified, there were 57 instances of incorrect record opening and charting during the study period. A decreasing trend was observed for all sites combined ( p < 0.0001) and at the off-site locations ( p = 0.0032). All locations and the off-site locations demonstrated a statistically significant decreasing pattern of errors over time. Barcoding and the anesthesia time-out may play an important role in decreasing errors in incorrect patient record opening in the perioperative environment.
Mark Olssen on neoliberalisation of higher education and academic lives: An interview
Authors: Raaper Rille , Olssen Mark
Published: October 2015

This article is based on an interview conducted with Mark Olssen in October 2014, and the subsequent discussions. These conversations invited Olssen to reflect on his experiences of neoliberalism as a practising academic who has worked in the UK for some 14 years, and also to comment as a researcher and writer who is well known for his work on neoliberalism, especially in relation to higher education policy. While focusing on a question of how neoliberalism has changed the context in which academics work, following Olssen’s lead in his own research, in this interview he articulates a Foucauldian understanding of neoliberalism that can be seen as a specific mode of government rooted in economic discourses of competition ( Foucault, 2008 ). The accentuation of the competitive forces shaping higher education, linked in Britain to periodic audits such as the RAE and the REF, have become increasingly visible within higher education institutions through techniques, such as performance indicators and targets, the increasing role of non-academic managers, the adoption of line-management authority hierarchies, linked to strategic planning, quality assurance, annual appraisals and audits that now function as a regular part of university governance ( Olssen and Peters, 2005 ) and which discipline the way academics ‘conduct their conduct’, in Foucault’s phrase. By drawing on various examples from Olssen’s experience, it is argued that academics in neoliberalised institutions have been seriously deprofessionalised, the sources of which must be traced to complex causes ‘in the whole network of the social’ ( Foucault, 1982 : 345). Although this complexity of power is increasingly constraining, it is also suggested that it still offers some opportunities for academic resistance.

The summary of our conversations is presented in this article, aiming to address the ways in which neoliberalism has transformed academia. We argue that the replacement of traditional liberal collegial models of governance by neoliberal technologies has diminished the academic freedom and professional self-determination of academics within the university acting to the detriment of autonomous research endeavours and propelling an escalation of the ‘dark times’ so vividly depicted by Tamboukou (2012: 860) . In general terms, the article contributes to wider scholarly debate on neoliberalisation of higher education and academic work.
Left internal carotid artery agenesis with trans-sellar collateral and a right aortic arch: Case report
Authors: Okawa Masakazu , Higashi Toshio , Komiyama Masaki , Fukuda Kenji , Abe Hiroshi , Inoue Tooru
Published: October 2015

We present a case of unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) agenesis with trans-sellar anastomosis associated with a right aortic arch, and discuss the embryonic development and clinical implications of this condition. A 26-year-old woman without significant medical history was referred to our hospital complaining of tinnitus. She denied any other symptoms, and examination did not reveal any other neurological deficits. Radiological examinations showed agenesis of the right ICA with trans-sellar anastomosis, and a right aortic arch. This vascular configuration reflects the anatomical homology with avian vascular structure. Recognition of this anomaly has important implications for clinical situations, such as the planning of carotid or transsphenoidal surgery, the management of thromboembolic disease, and the surveillance and detection of associated cerebral aneurysms.
Ophthalmic systems completely supplied from dural arteries indicate the utility of endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Kadooka Keisuke , Tanaka Michihiro
Published: October 2015

We report a 67-year-old man who harboured an unruptured left basilar-superior cerebellar artery aneurysm. Cerebral angiography and cone beam computed tomography with diluted contrast medium showed that the bilateral ophthalmic arteries were not supplied from internal carotid arteries but, rather, were supplied from the middle meningeal and accessory meningeal arteries. This meant that the ophthalmic system was predominantly supplied from the dural arteries and, therefore, pterional craniotomy might cause a compromise in blood supply to the retinal artery. To avoid this complication, coil embolization was selected instead of neck clipping, and this endovascular therapy succeeded without neurological deficit. This case report shows the importance of cerebral angiography (including cone beam computed tomography) and consideration of the patterns of ophthalmic artery perfusion when selecting operative procedures for management of aneurysms that require manipulation around the sphenoid ridge.
The American Dream? Anti-immigrant discourse bubbling up from the Coca-Cola ‘It’s Beautiful’ advertisement
Authors: Marlow Mikaela L
Published: October 2015

This study applied discourse analysis to over 1500 publicly posted comments following the multilingual Coca-Cola ‘It’s Beautiful’ commercial which aired on 2 February 2014 (Super Bowl Sunday) across the United States. Discursive analysis found that immigrant groups were discussed by about one-third of respondents in predominantly negative ways. People employed categorization, comparison, consensus, generalizations, metaphors, rhetorical questions, and directive speech acts to discuss the commercial and immigration, more generally. The frequent presence of such negative responses to the commercial suggests that anti-immigrant sentiments continue and possibly are intensifying among segments of the population in the United States. The Model of Normalized Hate Speech is presented here, in order to promote future inquiry and understanding in this area.
Clinical development of Ebola vaccines
Authors: Sridhar Saranya
Published: October 2015

The ongoing outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa highlighted the lack of a licensed drug or vaccine to combat the disease and has renewed the urgency to develop a pipeline of Ebola vaccines. A number of different vaccine platforms are being developed by assessing preclinical efficacy in animal models and expediting clinical development. Over 15 different vaccines are in preclinical development and 8 vaccines are now in different stages of clinical evaluation. These vaccines include DNA vaccines, virus-like particles and viral vectors such as live replicating vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV), human and chimpanzee adenovirus, and vaccinia virus. Recently, in preliminary results reported from the first phase III trial of an Ebola vaccine, the rVSV-vectored vaccine showed promising efficacy. This review charts this rapidly advancing area of research focusing on vaccines in clinical development and discusses the future opportunities and challenges faced in the licensure and deployment of Ebola vaccines.
The Feasibility of Gelatin-Based Retronasal Stimuli to Assess Olfactory Perception
Authors: Shepherd Daniel , Hautus Michael J.
Published: October 2015

Links between some psychological disorders and olfactory deficits are well documented, and screening tests have been developed to exploit these associations. Odors can take one of two routes to the olfactory receptors in the nasal epithelium, the orthonasal or retronasal route. This article discusses the potential use of the retronasal route to assess olfaction using gelatin-based stimuli delivered orally. Using a relatively new psychophysical method, the Single-Interval Adjustment Matrix task, we estimated vanillin thresholds for five healthy participants sampling small vanillin flavored gels. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of using solid-state gustatory stimuli to assess retronasal perception.
High-resolution seismic imaging in complex environments: A comparison among common-reflection-surface stack, common-midpoint stack, and prestack depth migration at the Ilva-Bagnoli brownfield site, Campi Flegrei, Italy
Authors: Bruno Pier Paolo
Published: October 2015

I used the common-reflection-surface (CRS) stack technique together with conventional common-midpoint processing and prestack depth migration (PSDM) to process three parallel high-resolution seismic reflection lines acquired in a closed industrial plant. This brownfield site, now undergoing remediation, is located within the Bagnoli district of the city of Naples, Italy, near the southeastern border of Campi Flegrei caldera. Compared with the other results, the CRS stack, followed by poststack depth migration, produced a seismic image more consistent with the expected subsurface structures and with outcropping units present in the area. The survey confirmed the presence under the brownfield site of some buried steps of Coroglio Fault, a main structure formed approximately [Formula: see text] ago, during the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff supereruption. Results have important implications for hazard assessment and geothermal exploration because the imaged faults certainly are preferential passageways for geothermal fluids and washed pollutants. These tests revealed that the common-reflection-surface stack can be a fast and cost-effective alternative to PSDM in settings in which structural complexity and high levels of ambient noise make it challenging to obtain a reliable background velocity model; therefore, allowing high-resolution reflection seismology to be successfully used in those environments.
2D multifractal analysis and porosity scaling estimation in Lower Cretaceous carbonates
Authors: Vega Sandra , Jouini M. Soufiane
Published: October 2015

The study of scaling porosity in carbonate rocks has great importance because (1) porosity measurements are usually made at scales that are different from the one of interest and (2) carbonate formations contain most of the hydrocarbon reservoirs and aquifers in the world. Despite these facts, scaling porosity in heterogeneous media, such as carbonate rocks, is still an open problem. The heterogeneity of carbonate rocks mainly resides in their complex texture. We have extended previous studies on carbonate multifractal behavior in pore space morphology at different scales, and we have developed a new equation based in fractal geometry that could be used to scale the porosity. In our methodology, we (1) perform a multifractal analysis in thin-section images of a set of complex carbonate rocks from the Lower Cretaceous, (2) review the effect of magnification in scanning-electronic-microscope and thin section images, (3) deduce a new scaling equation for porosity, and finally (4) evaluate this equation in the studied samples. We found that this new equation could be used under the approximation that the majority of the pores have a similar size, equivalent to the maximum pore size found in thin-section images. However, it must be applied carefully because the fractality/multifractality of pore spaces in carbonates could be present only in certain parts of the rocks and in a limited range that might not include the targeted scale. In fact, multifractality in the studied carbonate rocks seemed to be more complex than that found in previous studies. It was noticed that the proposed equation brought the benefit of fractal geometry formalism taking into account the physical scaling of pore space heterogeneities, and it indeed has the potential to estimate porosity at different spatial scales as an alternative method to find porosity when measurements are not available.
Sequence stratigraphy and controls on gas hydrate occurrence in the eastern Nankai Trough, Japan
Authors: Komatsu Yuhei , Suzuki Kiyofumi , Fujii Tetsuya
Published: October 2015

The first offshore gas hydrate production test was conducted within the gas-hydrate-concentrated zone (reservoir) of the eastern Nankai Trough, which is considered to be a stratigraphic accumulation. However, the accumulation mechanism for this concentrated zone was not yet well understood. We used core and geophysical log data sets to determine the subsurface geologic architecture and stratigraphic evolution most likely responsible for the stratigraphic accumulation of gas hydrate in the eastern Nankai Trough. Seven depositional sequences were identified based on grain size, bed thickness, sedimentary structure, and stacking patterns. The sequence boundaries were also identified by terminations of seismic reflection. These sequences were attributed to a fourth to fifth-order eustatic sea-level changes because the stacking pattern cycle was in phase with global oxygen isotope curves; the cycle was also identified in the onshore formation during the same period. The reservoir was interpreted as falling-stage systems tract (FSST) and lowstand systems tract (LST). FSST and LST consisted mostly of trough-fill channel deposits. The deposits were represented by alternations of very fine- to fine-grained sand and silt. The reservoir is located in association with the structural wing of the Daini-Atsumi Knoll. The uplift of the knoll was strongly controlled by tectonic events associated with subduction of the pacific plate during Pleistocene time. The muddy deposits above the reservoir were interpreted as condensed section. We identified channel facies pinched out against structural highs, and together, these result in stratigraphic traps. Consequentially, the gas hydrate trapping system was constrained by sedimentary facies, systems tracts, and geographic and tectonic setting. Concepts and data generated in this study can be used for gas hydrate petroleum system analysis such as basin simulation.
A basin-scale perspective on Cenomanian-Turonian (Cretaceous) depositional systems, greater Gulf of Mexico (USA)
Authors: Snedden John W. , Virdell Jon , Whiteaker Timothy L. , Ganey-Curry Patty
Published: October 2015

Recent exploration discoveries have extended the play fairway for Ceno-Turonian age sandstones from traditional onshore fields into the ultradeep water of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), necessitating a reevaluation of the basin-scale depositional paleogeography. The Eagle Ford-Tuscaloosa (EFT) supersequence is a long-duration (10 my) aggregate of sand-prone depositional sequences, organic-rich shales, and shallow to deepwater carbonates. Tectonic drivers may help to explain how the Tuscaloosa depositional transport systems were able to surmount the prominent shelf-margin reef barrier that previously trapped so much sand in updip shoreline systems in underlying Lower Cretaceous supersequences. The EFT and underlying Paluxy-Washita supersequences were mapped across the Gulf Basin, from onshore to deep water, using a database of released wells, biostratigraphy, and proprietary 2D seismic data. Mapping reveals a carbonate- and shale-dominated, shallow to deep basin bisected by a sand-prone central corridor with two prominent depositional axes extending toward the Keathley Canyon and Mississippi Canyon protraction areas. Our paleogeographic reconstruction pointed to a large extrabasinal fluvial system with a catchment draining the Appalachians, confirmed by recently published detrital zircon provenance results. An older but underappreciated model for a brief but significant phase of uplift of the Mississippi embayment may explain how the basal sandstone units of the Tuscaloosa prograded and supported a large submarine fan extending more than 500 km (310 mi) from the previous Albian shelf margin. The estimated volumes of sediment generated by the local uplift are at least an order of magnitude too small to explain the deepwater grain volume suggesting related regional extension of drainage catchments during the tectonic event. Our work reveals the extent of a large sand fairway with an areal size, fan run-out length, and reservoir volume comparable in some respects with the hydrocarbon-rich Paleogene (Wilcox) in the central GOM.
Interactions between the otitis media gene, Fbxo11, and p53 in the mouse embryonic lung
Authors: Tateossian Hilda , Morse Susan , Simon Michelle M. , Dean Charlotte H. , Brown Steve D.M.
Published: October 2015

Otitis Media with effusion (OME) is the most common cause of hearing loss in children and tympanostomy to alleviate the condition remains the commonest surgical intervention in children in the developed world. Chronic and recurrent forms of OM are known to have a very significant genetic component, however, until recently little was known of the underlying genes involved. The Jeff mouse mutant develops deafness due to a chronic proliferative otitis media and is encoded by the Fbxo11 gene, a member of the F-box family. We previously reported that Fbxo11 is involved with the regulation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling by regulating the levels of phospho-Smad2 in the epithelial cells of palatal shelves, eyelids and airways of the lungs. It has been proposed that FBXO11 regulates the cell's response to TGF-β through the ubiquitination of CDT2. Additional substrates for FBXO11 have been identified, including p53. Here, we have studied both the genetic and biochemical interactions between FBXO11 and p53 in order to better understand the function of FBXO11 in epithelial development and its potential role in otitis media. We show that p53 homozygous mutants and double mutants exhibit similar epithelial developmental defects to Fbxo11 homozygotes. FBXO11 and p53 interact in the embryonic lung and mutation in Fbxo11 prevents the interaction with p53. Both p53 and double mutants show raised levels of pSMAD2, recapitulating that seen in Fbxo11 homozygotes. Overall, our results support the conclusion that FBXO11 regulates the TGF-β pathway in the embryonic lung via cross-talk with p53.