bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of ambivalent sexism: Proposals for an expanded model
Authors: Leaper Campbell
Published: September 2024

The United Nations' Goals for Sustainable Development highlight gender inequality as a pervasive problem around the world. Developmental psychologists can help us understand the development and consequences of sexism in people's lives. I highlight ambivalent sexism theory as a promising framework for this work; and I offer recommendations for expanding the theory. Ambivalent sexism theory distinguishes between hostile sexism and benevolent sexism as complementary processes perpetuating and maintaining men's dominance and heteronormativity in society. I summarize how these two forms of sexism emerge during childhood and adolescence; and I review the negative manifestations of hostile and benevolent sexism during adolescence and adulthood. Next, I chart several directions for expanding the ambivalent sexism model. These include addressing sexism directed towards gender‐nonconforming, sexual‐minoritized, and gender‐minoritized youth (in addition to sexism towards girls and women); taking into account the gender and sexual identities of both perpetrators and targets of sexism; considering a broader array of hostile and benevolent sexist practices than captured in existing measures; taking into account cultural variations and intersectionality in how ambivalent sexism is enacted; conducting more research on ambivalent sexism in childhood and adolescence and designing effective programs to reduce and to prevent ambivalent sexism beginning in childhood.
Factors impeding organ recovery despite a deep haematological response in patients with systemic AL amyloidosis
Authors: Staron Andrew , Mendelson Lisa M. , Joshi Tracy , Burke Natasha , Sanchorawala Vaishali
Published: September 2024

Patients with AL amyloidosis can have persistent organ dysfunction despite achieving a haematological complete response (hemCR). We aimed to identify factors for organ non‐response among 143 patients who achieved hemCR for ≥6 months. Kidney, heart and liver non‐response were observed in 40/117 (34%), 19/68 (28%) and 3/17 (18%) patients respectively. Predisposing factors varied by organ system. Kidney non‐responders had more advanced organ dysfunction at diagnosis, whereas heart non‐responders had disproportionately more lambda‐typic amyloidogenic light chains. Most patients without an apparent reason for organ non‐response had detectable residual clonal disease. The interplay of factors impeding organ recovery in AL amyloidosis is complex.
CNS prophylaxis in large B‐cell lymphomas: A balance with three pans
Authors: Calimeri Teresa , Ferreri Andrés J. M.
Published: September 2024

Given the significant limitations of available literature, central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis in large B‐cell lymphomas remains debatable. Wilson and colleagues provide cautious recommendations, on a case‐by‐case basis, useful to guide discussion with individual patient. In daily practice, CNS relapse risk, prophylaxis safety and prognosis of CNS recurrence must be considered.

Commentary on: Wilson et al. Central nervous system prophylaxis in large B‐cell lymphoma: A British Society for Haematology Good Practice Paper. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:2198‐2205.
Sediment flux variation as a record of climate change in the Late Quaternary deep‐water active Corinth Rift, Greece
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed A. , Collier Richard E. L. , Hodgson David M. , Gawthorpe Rob L. , Shillington Donna J. , Muravchik Martin , Sakellariou Dimitris
Published: September 2024

The value of deep‐water sedimentary successions as reliable records of environmental change has been questioned due to their long response times and sediment pathways leading to complex responses to climatic change and tectonic signals over differing timescales. We studied the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, to test the value of deep‐water stratigraphic successions as records of external controls on sediment flux in a setting with short response times and transport distances. The confinement of the rift basin allows for a near‐complete accounting of clastic sediment volumes. The recent acquisition of high‐resolution seismic reflection data, utilisation of International Ocean Discovery Programme Expedition 381 cores and a robust chronological framework, enable evaluation of the stratigraphy at a high temporal resolution. Combining borehole and high‐resolution seismic reflection data, distinct seismic units can be correlated to multiple paleoenvironmental proxies, permitting quantification of sediment flux variation across successive glacial–interglacial cycles at ca. 10 kyr temporal resolution. Trends in average sediment flux since ca. 242 ka show ca. 2–9 times greater sediment flux in cooler glacials compared to warmer interglacial conditions. The Holocene is an exception to low sediment flux for the interglacials, with ca. 5 times higher rates than previous interglacials. The short and steep configuration of the Sythas canyon and its fan at the base of an active submarine normal fault results in deep‐sea deposition at all sea‐level stands. In contrast, adjacent canyon systems shut down during warm intervals. When combined with palynology, results show that periods of distinct vegetation re‐organisation correlate to sediment flux changes. The temporal correlation of sediment flux to palynology in the Gulf of Corinth over the last ca. 242 kyr is evidence that variability of sediment supply is largely governed by climate‐related changes in hinterland catchments, with sea‐level and tectonics being second‐order controls on sediment flux variability.
Kinematics of rift linkage between the Eastern and Ethiopian rifts in the Turkana Depression, Africa
Authors: Sullivan Garrett , Ebinger C. J. , Musila M. , Perry Mason , Kraus E. R. , Bastow Ian , Bendick Becks
Published: September 2024

Rift initiation within cold, thick, strong lithosphere and the evolving linkage to form a contiguous plate boundary remains debated in part owing to the lack of time–space constraints on kinematics of basement‐involved faults. Different rift sectors initiate diachronously and may eventually link to produce a jigsaw spatial pattern, as in the East African rift, and along the Atlantic Ocean margins. The space–time distribution of earthquakes illuminates the geometry and kinematics of fault zones within the crystalline crust, as well as areas with pressurized magma bodies. We use seismicity and Global Navigation System Satellites (GNSS) data from the Turkana Rift Array Investigating Lithospheric Structure (TRAILS) project in East Africa and a new digital compilation of faults and eruptive centres to evaluate models for the kinematic linkage of two initially separate rift sectors: the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) and the Eastern rift (ER). The ca. 300 km wide zone of linkage includes failed basins and linkage zones; seismicity outlines active structures. Models of GNSS data indicate that the ca. 250 km‐wide zone of seismically active en echelon basins north of the Turkana Depression is a zone, or block, of distributed strain with small counterclockwise rotation that serves to connect the Main Ethiopian and Eastern rifts. Its western boundary is poorly defined owing to data gaps in South Sudan. Strain across the northern and southern boundaries of this block, and an ca. 50 km‐wide kink in the southern Turkana rift is accommodated by en echelon normal faults linked by short strike‐slip faults in crystalline basement, and relay ramps at the surface. Short segments of obliquely oriented basement structures facilitate across‐rift linkage of faults, but basement shear zones and Mesozoic rift faults are not actively straining. This configuration has existed for at least 2–5 My without the development of localized shear zones or transform faults, documenting the importance of distributed deformation in continental rift tectonics.
Construction and Analysis of Risk Prediction Model of Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Northwest China
Authors: Yuan Huajie , Yang Yuping , Zhang Bo , Li Ang , Su Jiang , Ding Xiaoyan , Yan Haisu , Zhang Hua
Published: September 2024

Objective

To provide guidance for clinical endotypes by constructing a risk‐predictive model of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP).

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Single‐centre trial at tertiary medical institutions.

Participants

A cross‐sectional study included 343 CRSwNP patients divided into ECRSwNP (n = 237) and non‐ECRSwNP (n = 106) groups using surgical pathology.

Main Outcome Measures

Single‐factor and multivariate analysis were used to identify statistically significant variables for constructing a nomogram, including the history of AR, hyposmia score, ethmoid sinus score, BEP and BEC. The model's performance was evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

Allergic rhinitis, hyposmia score, ethmoid sinus score, peripheral blood eosinophil percentage (BEP) and eosinophil count (BEC) were retained for the construction nomogram of ECRSwNP. The nomogram exhibited a certain accuracy, with an AUC of 0.897 (95% CI: 0.864–0.930), good agreement in the calibration curve and a 0.891 C‐index of internal validation. Moreover, the DCA with a threshold probability between 0.0167 and 1.00 indicated a higher net benefit and greater clinical utility.

Conclusion

The construction of a predictive risk model of ECRSwNP based on easily accessible factors could assist clinicians in more conveniently defining endotypes to make optimal diagnoses and treatment choices.
Emerging trends and demographic disparities in anal cancer mortality across the United States census regions: An analysis of National Center for Health Statistics mortality data
Authors: Sohail Amir H. , Flesner Samuel L. , Quazi Mohammed A. , Raihane Ahmed Sami , Maan Soban , Goyal Aman , Dahiya Dushyant Singh , Ali Hassam , Kilani Yassine , Jaber Fouad , Alsakarneh Saqr , Gangwani Manesh Kumar , Sheikh Abu Baker , Ullah Asad , Whittington Jennifer , Singh Shailandra
Published: September 2024

Aims

Anal cancer, despite its rarity, is a matter of serious concern in the United States, with an uptrend in recent years and marked racial disparities in mortality rates. The aim of this work was to investigate anal cancer mortality trends and sex race disparities in the United States from 1999 to 2020.

Method

This is a retrospective study using data from the CDC WONDER database (1999–2020). We investigated deaths attributed to anal cancer, identified by the ICD‐10 code C21.1, and excluded individuals aged 14 years and under. The Mann–Kendall trend test was used to investigate temporal trends and a t‐test was used to compare continuous variables.

Results

Both male and female age‐adjusted mortality attributed to anal cancer increased significantly during the study period across all subgroups, including race (Black and White), US Census region (Northeast, Midwest, South and West) and age (15–64 and ≥65 years) (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). For each subgroup, women demonstrated significantly higher rates of mortality than men, except in the Black population, where Black men had higher rates than Black women (0.40 vs. 0.29, p < 0.001). Additionally, Black men had significantly higher mean mortality rates than White men (0.40 vs. 0.27, p < 0.001). The highest rates of anal cancer mortality were among geriatric individuals, especially women aged ≥65 years, at 1.18 per 100 000.

Conclusion

The rise in anal cancer mortality and racial and sex disparities present a significant challenge for healthcare providers and policy makers. Further studies are required to devise evidence‐based strategies to effectively tackle this challenge.
Clinicopathological and molecular spectrum of patients with germline SUFU mutations: A case series
Authors: van Dal Mashiro , Martens‐de Kemp Sanne R. , Mooyaart Antien L. , Voogt Walter , Wakkee Marlies , Damman Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

Background

One of the hereditary syndromes associated with multiple early‐onset basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) is basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), of which a minority is caused by germline SUFU mutations. Germline SUFU mutations show a spectrum of phenotypes, of which multiple hereditary infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma syndrome (MHIBCC) is one. Patients with MHIBCC develop multiple basaloid skin tumors from middle age onwards.

Methods

Three patients presenting with an MHIBCC phenotype were tested for a germline SUFU mutation. Skin biopsies were assessed by two dermatopathologists.

Results

Our study adds three new pathogenic SUFU variants, including a mosaic, to the current literature. Literature suggests a spectrum of phenotypes of patients carrying the same SUFU mutation, which ranges from the MHIBCC phenotype, to BCNS, to patients that develop life‐threatening brain tumors. This last risk is significantly higher in germline SUFU mutation carriers when compared to BCNS patients carrying germline PTCH1 mutations.

Conclusions

Germline SUFU mutation carriers should be recognized as a distinct group of patients carrying specific health risks, independent of meeting the BCNS criteria. Phenotypic prediction based on the specific SUFU mutation seems unfeasible. It is of utmost importance that the less apparent MHIBCC phenotype is recognized, to provide (second generation) germline SUFU mutation carriers appropriate healthcare.
A comprehensive survey on deep learning‐based intrusion detection systems in Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Al‐Haija Qasem Abu , Droos Ayat
Published: September 2024

The proliferating popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has led to wide‐scale networked system implementations across multiple disciplines, including transportation, medicine, smart homes, and many others. This unprecedented level of interconnectivity has introduced new security vulnerabilities and threats. Ensuring security in these IoT settings is crucial for protecting against malicious activities and safeguarding data. Real‐time identification and response to potential intrusions and attacks are essential, and intrusion detection systems (IDS) are pivotal in this process. However, the dynamic and diverse nature of the IoT environment presents significant challenges to existing IDS solutions, which are often based on rule‐based or statistical approaches. Deep learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, has shown great potential to enhance IDS in IoT. Deep learning models can identify complex patterns and characteristics by utilizing artificial neural networks, automatically building hierarchical representations from data. This capability results in more precise and efficient intrusion detection in IoT‐based systems. The primary aim of this survey is to present an extensive overview of the current research on deep learning and IDS in the IoT domain. By examining existing literature, discussing mainstream datasets, and highlighting current challenges and potential prospects, this survey provides valuable insights into the prevailing scenario and future directions for using deep learning in IDS for IoT. The findings from this research aim to enhance intrusion detection techniques in IoT environments and promote the development of more effective antimalware solutions against cyber threats targeting IoT device systems.
Unintended consequences of health and safety interventions in fisheries
Authors: Turner Rachel A. , Collins Claire , Szaboova Lucy , Walsh Gareth , Stepto Hannah , O'Neill Eunan
Published: September 2024

Fishing communities globally continue to face poor health and safety outcomes, driving the expansion of fisheries occupational health and safety (OHS) interventions. However, narrowly focused OHS interventions that neglect the social and structural determinants of health may have unintended consequences. We illustrate this problem through a case study from the UK where a recent OHS intervention, the introduction of compulsory medical certificates to all commercial fishers, led to unforeseen negative impacts. Through analysis of data from interviews, focus groups and a participatory workshop in Cornwall, UK, we highlight three key findings. First, while seeking to improve safety at sea, the regulatory change actually had negative consequences for fishers' health, their access to healthcare and potentially even their safety. Second, a mismatch between the requirements of the regulation and fishers' lived experience undermined the efforts of health promotion and outreach activities. Third, a failure to account for the implications for different sectors of the fleet has contributed to mistrust that may have ramifications for future fisheries governance activity. Our research brings to the fore important implications for the design of OHS regimes in fisheries. These include the broadening of OHS approaches to consider fishers' wider health and well‐being; engagement of fishers in the development and implementation of OHS interventions to account for their lived experiences of health and safety at sea and better integrate their knowledge; support for bottom‐up fisher‐led initiatives aimed at managing health and safety at sea; and improved coordination between agencies responsible for different areas of fisheries governance.
Intangible Capital as a Driver of Labor Productivity in Regions and Industries: Evidence of the Spanish Case
Authors: Gumbau‐Albert Mercedes
Published: September 2024

In the last decade, many studies discussed the impact of intangible investment on firms' performance. However, comparing the effect of different types of intangible investments at regional and sectoral level is not well explored. The paper aims to fill this gap by assessing the impact of several intangible capital on labor productivity using for the first‐time updated data for the period 2000–2019. Adopting panel data techniques and system GMM, the results show that regions with higher endowments of intangible capital get higher levels of labor productivity. The study results also highlight the importance of differentiating between different sectors and types of intangible capital as they have different impact on productivity labor. In the primary sector only investments in R&D result in additional productivity gains. In the manufacturing industry, investments in R&D and software result in additional productivity gains while the service sector also increases labor productivity through other intangibles assets with innovative property such as mineral exploration, entertainment, and artistic originals.
Enhancing Fc‐mediated effector functions of monoclonal antibodies: The example of HexaBodies
Authors: van der Horst Hilma J. , Mutis Tuna
Published: September 2024

Since the approval of the CD20‐targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab for the treatment of lymphoma in 1997, mAb therapy has significantly transformed cancer treatment. With over 90 FDA‐approved mAbs for the treatment of various hematological and solid cancers, modern cancer treatment relies heavily on these therapies. The overwhelming success of mAbs as cancer therapeutics is attributed to their broad applicability, high safety profile, and precise targeting of cancer‐associated surface antigens. Furthermore, mAbs can induce various anti‐tumor cytotoxic effector mechanisms including antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), all of which are mediated via their fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain. Over the past decades, these effector mechanisms have been substantially improved through Fc domain engineering. In this review, we will outline the different approaches to enhance Fc effector functions via Fc engineering of mAbs, with a specific emphasis on the so‐called “HexaBody” technology, which is designed to enhance the hexamerization of mAbs on the target cell surface, thereby inducing greater complement activation, CDC, and receptor clustering. The review will summarize the development, preclinical, and clinical testing of several HexaBodies designed for the treatment of B‐cell malignancies, as well as the potential use of the HexaBody technology beyond Fc‐mediated effector functions.
Thermally activated damage recovery in ion‐irradiated Gd2Ti2‐yZryO7 pyrochlore
Authors: Singh Yogendar , Kumar Ajay , Kumar Vivek , Chattaraj Ananya , Pandey Krishan K. , Kulriya Pawan Kumar
Published: September 2024

Ionizing events having a wide variety of radiation‐induced effects can radically affect the kinetics of defect production or structural transformation in the pyrochlore structured oxides (A2B2O7). Therefore, a thorough understanding of the kinetics associated with cation ordering and disordering is required for various technological applications. The structural responses of Gd2Ti2‐yZryO7 (y = 0.4, 1.2, 1.6) pyrochlore series irradiated by 120 MeV Au9+ ions were investigated using in situ synchrotron x‐ray diffraction (SR‐XRD), micro‐Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each pyrochlore composition irradiated at the highest fluence, where structural modifications occur, was subsequently isochronally annealed from room temperature to 1000°C. The SR‐XRD results indicate that Ti‐rich composition (y = 0.4) retains its pre‐irradiated pyrochlore structure (Fdm) at 1000°C. In contrast, Zr‐rich compositions exhibit recrystallization to an intermediate defect‐fluorite phase (Fmm) above 500°C, and the pre‐irradiated pyrochlore superstructure does not recover even on annealing at 1000°C. These results reveal that recrystallization temperature strongly depends on the accumulated radiation damage, generally described with the cationic radius ratio (rA/rB). Thus, investigation of the thermal annealing behavior of irradiated pyrochlores helps better understanding the general mechanisms of radiation damage and recovery of pyrochlores, which is important for their use in nuclear applications.
Lipoprotein(a) among normotensive patients and risk of incident hypertension
Authors: Zheutlin Alexander R. , Jacobs Joshua A. , Stamm Brian , Royan Regina
Published: September 2024

Lipoprotein(a) has been shown to be disruptive to local endothelial cells, whose integrity is critical to blood pressure (BP) regulation. Cross‐sectional analysis has shown an association between lipoprotein(a) and prevalent hypertension, though it is unclear if lipoprotein(a) increases risk of incident hypertension. To assess this, the authors measured baseline lipoprotein(a) among 5307 normotensive patients (median age 26 years (interquartile range [IQR] 12–50) and used Cox proportional hazard models to generate hazard rations (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI; median follow‐up 10‐years). The authors categorized lipoprotein(a) as <15 mg/dL, 15–<30 mg/dL, 30–50 mg/dL, >50 mg/dL, and performed subgroup analysis of adults >50 years at baseline. Incident hypertension was defined as a measured BP ≥140/90 mm Hg or a new ICD‐9/10 code. After adjustment, hypertension for patients with baseline lipoprotein(a) 15–<30 mg/dL, 30–50 mg/dL, and >50 mg/dL was 0.91 (0.72–1.16), 1.05 (0.79–1.38), and 1.02 (0.83–1.26; vs. <15 mg/dL). However, among adults >50 years, lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL was associated with increased incident hypertension (1.62 [1.17–2.26]).
Association analysis between serum asprosin and metabolic characteristics, Complications in type 2 diabetic patients with different durations
Authors: Ma Lijing , Wang Zhengqian , Sun Li , Li Mina , Wu Qianqian , Liu Ming , Xu Minggang , Shi Guoliang , Yin Jianhong , Wang Yan , Xu Linxin
Published: September 2024

Aims/Introduction

To investigated the association between serum asprosin and metabolic characteristics in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different durations.

Materials and Methods

A total of 436 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study from the community health service center in southeastern Shanxi Province. All the patients were divided into two groups according to their diabetes duration: diabetes duration ≤5 years group (n = 132) and diabetes duration ≥10 years group (n = 304). Fasting blood samples were gathered and serum asprosin was tested. Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis was carried out.

Results

Asprosin was comparable between the two groups. Asprosin was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglycerides, creatinine, serum uric acid and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the diabetes duration ≤5 years group (P < 0.05). In the diabetes duration ≥10 years group, asprosin was independently correlated with SBP, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, serum uric acid, fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (P < 0.05). Asprosin was associated with alanine aminotransferase and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis found that SBP and diastolic blood pressure is an independent factor related to serum asprosin in the group with diabetes duration ≤5 years (P < 0.05). Fasting plasma glucose, SBP, total cholesterol and serum uric acid is an independent factor related to serum asprosin in the group with diabetes duration ≥10 years (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Serum asprosin was significantly increased in the group with diabetes duration ≥10 years, and glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure and estimated glomerular filtration rate were independent risk factors in long‐duration type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Sequential Reservoir Computing for Log File‐Based Behavior Process Data Analyses
Authors: Xiong Jiawei , Wang Shiyu , Tang Cheng , Liu Qidi , Sheng Rufei , Wang Bowen , Kuang Huan , Cohen Allan S. , Xiong Xinhui
Published: September 2024

The use of process data in assessment has gained attention in recent years as more assessments are administered by computers. Process data, recorded in computer log files, capture the sequence of examinees' response activities, for example, timestamped keystrokes, during the assessment. Traditional measurement methods are often inadequate for handling this type of data. In this paper, we proposed a sequential reservoir method (SRM) based on a reservoir computing model using the echo state network, with the particle swarm optimization and singular value decomposition as optimization. Designed to regularize features from process data through a computational self‐learning algorithm, this method has been evaluated using both simulated and empirical data. Simulation results suggested that, on one hand, the model effectively transforms action sequences into standardized and meaningful features, and on the other hand, these features are instrumental in categorizing latent behavioral groups and predicting latent information. Empirical results further indicate that SRM can predict assessment efficiency. The features extracted by SRM have been verified as related to action sequence lengths through the correlation analysis. This proposed method enhances the extraction and accessibility of meaningful information from process data, presenting an alternative to existing process data technologies.
Life‐space mobility and cognition in community‐dwelling late‐life women: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Sheets Kerry M. , Kats Allyson M. , Fink Howard A. , Langsetmo Lisa , Yaffe Kristine , Ensrud Kristine E.
Published: September 2024

Background

Life‐space mobility captures the daily, enacted mobility of older adults. We determined cross‐sectional associations between life‐space mobility and cognitive impairment (CI) among community‐dwelling women in the 9th and 10th decades of life.

Methods

A total of 1375 (mean age 88 years; 88% White) community‐dwelling women enrolled in a prospective cohort of older women. Life‐space score was calculated with range 0 (daily restriction to one's bedroom) to 120 (daily trips leaving town without assistance) and categorized (0–20, 21–40, 41–60, 61–80, 81–120). The primary outcome was adjudicated CI defined as mild cognitive impairment or dementia; scores on a 6‐test cognitive battery were secondary outcomes.

Results

Compared to women with life‐space scores of 81–120 and after adjustment for demographics and depressive symptoms, the odds of CI was 1.4‐fold (OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.91–2.03) higher for women with life‐space scores of 61–80, twofold (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.33–2.94) higher for women with life‐space scores of 41–60, 2.6‐fold (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.71–4.01) higher for women with life‐space scores of 21–40, and 2.7‐fold (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.27–5.79) higher for women with life‐space scores of 0–20. The association of life‐space scores with adjudicated CI was primarily due to higher odds of dementia; the odds of dementia versus normal cognition was eightfold (OR 8.63, 95% CI 3.20–23.26) higher among women with life‐space scores of 0–20 compared to women with life‐space scores of 81–120. Lower life‐space scores were associated in a graded manner with lower mean scores on tests of delayed recall (California Verbal Learning Test‐II delayed recall) and language and executive function (phonemic fluency, category fluency, and Trails B). Life‐space score was not associated with scores on tests of attention and working memory (forward and backward digit span).

Conclusions

Lower life‐space mobility is associated in a graded manner with CI among community‐dwelling White women in the 9th and 10th decades of life.
Effectiveness of Horticultural Therapy in Older Patients With Dementia: A Meta‐Analysis Systemic Review
Authors: Wang Min , Qian Ying , Yu Xiaoyun , Xing Yubo
Published: September 2024

Aim

Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of horticultural therapy in improving outcomes in older patients with dementia.

Design

A systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

The included studies comprised randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that aimed to assess the effectiveness of horticultural therapy on cognitive function in older patients with dementia. The study design and data extraction were independently conducted by two investigators, who also evaluated the risk of bias using RoB 2.0. The meta‐analysis was carried out using Stata 15.1 software.

Data Sources

On November 2023, we searched relevant English and Chinese publications in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang databases.

Results

The meta‐analysis included a total of 9 RCTs, involving 655 older patients diagnosed with dementia. The findings from these studies demonstrated that horticultural therapy had a significant positive impact on various aspects of the patients' well‐being when compared to conventional care. Specifically, it was found to improve cognitive function scores, alleviate symptoms of depression, enhance daily activities and enhance overall quality of life. When conducting a subgroup analysis, it was observed that horticultural therapy had a statistically significant effect on cognitive function in older patients with dementia when the intervention frequency was at least two times per week. Furthermore, interventions with a duration of less than 6 months were found to be more effective than those lasting 6 months or longer. Additionally, outdoor horticultural therapy was found to be superior to indoor interventions. Moreover, structured interventions were observed to yield better outcomes compared to non‐structured interventions.

Conclusion

More high‐quality studies are needed to further corroborate these findings due to the low quality of the included studies. Horticultural therapy has been found to have a significantly positive impact on the cognitive function, depression status, ADL, and quality of life of older patients with dementia.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

We provide references for non‐pharmacologic treatment of older patients with dementia.

What Problem Did the Study Address?

This study aimed to measure the efficacy of horticultural therapy in older patients with dementia across four dimensions: cognitive function, depression levels, daily living activities and overall quality of life.

What Were the Main Findings?

In older patients with dementia, horticultural therapy has been proven to have a significant positive impact on cognitive function, depressive status, activities of daily living and quality of life.

Where and on Whom Will the Research Have an Impact?

This study will inform non‐pharmacological interventions for older patients with dementia worldwide.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Enhancing Growth and Health in Weanling Pigs: The Impact of Monzogranite Supplementation
Authors: No Sang Gun , Mun Jun Young , Hosseindoust Abdolreza , Ha Sang Hun , Park Se Rin , Kinara Elick , Park Jong Kyu , Seo Sung Man , Kim Jae Hwan , Park So Lim , Lee So Young , Il Lim Seong , Kim Jin Soo
Published: September 2024

Monzogranite is known for its high surface area and cation exchange capacity, which play a crucial role in ameliorating the challenges by enhancing nutrient adsorption and facilitating nutrient availability during the weaning period. Weaned crossbred piglets (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace), initially weighing 5.36 ± 0.26 kg, were allocated into four treatments with 6 replicates each (10 pigs per replicate). The treatments encompassed CON (basal diet), Z0.1 (0.1% monzogranite supplementation in basal diet), Z0.2 (0.2% monzogranite supplementation), and Z0.3 (0.3% monzogranite supplementation). In phase 1, a linear increase in total average daily gain (ADG) was observed across treatment groups, with a concomitant linear increase in ADG and gain‐to‐feed ratio (G/F). The overall results showed a linear increase in ADG and G/F. A linear decrease in aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels was observed across treatment groups. Conversely, no significant differences were noted in the levels of albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, triglycerides, and gamma‐glutamyl transferase among the treatment groups. Faecal scoring indicated a linear reduction in scores at Day 7 among the treatment groups. However, no significant differences were observed at Days 14 and 28. The assessment of immunoglobulins demonstrated a significant increase in both immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A levels in the Z0.1 treatment group compared to the CON. In both phase 1 and phase 2, a linear decrease in cortisol levels was evident. In conclusion, a linear increase in total ADG and G/F during phase 1, sustained across both phases, suggests monzogranite potential to enhance growth performance. Moreover, stress mitigation was shown through a consistent linear decrease in cortisol levels across phases. These findings underscore monzogranite multifaceted impact, emphasizing its potential as a dietary supplement to enhance growth, liver health, and stress resilience in weanling pigs.
Decrease of excessive daytime sleepiness after shunt treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Lidén Simon , Lindam Anna , Farahmand Dan , Landtblom Anne‐Marie , Laurell Katarina
Published: September 2024

Sleepiness and apathy are often reported in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. However, research on outcomes after shunt surgery has mainly focused on the classical triad symptoms, that is, gait, cognition, and bladder dysfunction. This study aimed to describe the effects of shunt treatment on excessive daytime sleepiness and whether there was a relation to changes in ventricular volume. Pre‐ and postsurgical excessive daytime sleepiness was investigated using the Epworth sleepiness scale in a sample of 32 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus who underwent shunt surgery. Data were gathered before surgery and at 1, 2, and 3 months after surgery and with different settings of the shunt. In the total sample, the Epworth sleepiness scale improved by a median of 1.5 points at 1 month after surgery, p = 0.026. The improvement was predominately found in the group (n = 6) with high presurgical daytime sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale >12) (median = 12 points, p = 0.035) compared with a median change of 0 points (p = 0.47) in the group with Epworth sleepiness scale ≤12 (n = 26). Between the postsurgical follow‐ups, no further change in the Epworth sleepiness scale score was observed. The Epworth sleepiness scale score did not correlate with clinical tests nor with ventricular volume. Daytime sleepiness seems to be another domain of normal pressure hydrocephalus symptomatology in addition to the classical triad that is responsive to treatment, at least when pronounced. The Epworth sleepiness scale is a quick test to administer and could be a valuable addition to pre‐surgical screening for treatable symptoms.
Endothelial glycocalyx degradation in critically ill foals
Authors: Gomez Diego E. , Kamr Ahmed , Gilsenan William F. , Burns Teresa A. , Mudge M. C. , Hostnik Laura D. , Toribio Ramiro E.
Published: September 2024

Background

Endothelial glycocalyx (EG) degradation occurs in septic humans and EG products can be used as biomarkers of endothelial injury. Information about EG biomarkers and their association with disease severity is lacking in hospitalized foals.

Objectives

Measure serum syndecan‐1 (SDC‐1), heparan sulfate (HS), angiopoietin‐2 (ANG‐2), aldosterone (ALD), and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations and to determine their association with disease severity and death in hospitalized foals.

Animals

Ninety foals ≤3 days old.

Methods

Prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study. Foals were categorized into hospitalized (n = 74; 55 septic; 19 sick nonseptic) and 16 healthy foals. Serum ([SDC‐1], [HS], [ANG‐2], [ALD]) and plasma (ANP) were measured over 72 hours using immunoassays.

Results

Serum ([SDC‐1], [HS], [ANG‐2], [ALD]) and plasma (ANP) were significantly higher in hospitalized and septic than healthy foals (P < .05). Serum (ANG‐2) and plasma (ANP) were significantly higher in hospitalized nonsurvivors than in survivors (P < .05). On admission, hospitalized foals with serum (HS) > 58.7 ng/mL had higher odds of nonsurvival (odds ratio [OR] = 6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02‐36.7). Plasma (ANP) >11.5 pg/mL was associated with the likelihood of nonsurvival in hospitalized foals (OR = 7.2; 95% CI = 1.4‐37.4; P < .05). Septic foals with serum (ANG‐2) >1018 pg/mL on admission had higher odds of nonsurvival (OR = 6.5; 95% CI =1.2‐36.6; P < .05).

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

Critical illness in newborn foals is associated with EG degradation and injury, and these biomarkers are related to the severity of disease on admission and the outcome of sick foals.
Multiple Effects of L‐Leucine in Escherichia coli Lead to L‐Leucine‐Sensitive Growth in the Absence of Unphosphorylated PtsN
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Sardesai Abhijit A.
Published: September 2024

In E. coli K‐12, the absence of unphosphorylated PtsN (unphospho‐PtsN) has been proposed to cause an L‐leucine‐sensitive growth phenotype (LeuS) by hyperactivated K+ uptake mediated impairment of the expression of the ilvBN operon, encoding subunits of the L‐valine (Val)‐sensitive acetohydroxyacid synthase I (AHAS I) that renders residual AHAS activity susceptible to inhibition by Leu and K+. This leads to AHAS insufficiency and a requirement for L‐isoleucine (Ile). Herein, we provide an alternate mechanism for the LeuS of the ∆ptsN mutant. Genetic and physiological studies with suppressors of the LeuS indicate that impaired expression of the ilvBN operon jointly caused by the absence of unphospho‐PtsN and the presence of Leu coupled to Leu‐mediated repression of expression of AHAS III leads to AHAS insufficiency rendering residual AHAS activity susceptible to chronic Val stress that may be generated by exogenous Leu. Hyperactivated K+ uptake and an elevated α‐ketobutyrate level mediate elevation of ilvBN expression and alleviate the LeuS. The requirement of unphospho‐PtsN as a positive regulator of ilvBN expression may buffer Ile biosynthesis against Leu‐mediated AHAS insufficiency and protect AHAS I function from chronic endogenous Val generated by Leu and could be realized in certain environments that impair AHAS function.
Evaluating the efficacy of intermittent fasting and exercise combinations for weight loss: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Cheng Xiaoyan , Sun Shunli , Chen Maolin , Zhou Xinyou , Rao Mingxin , Guo Dongjuan , Xie Jinfeng , Huang Qiang , Su Liqiang
Published: September 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study is to utilize network meta‐analysis (NMA) to synthesize relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evaluate the most effective intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise interventions for weight loss.

Methods

This study searched five databases up until April 2024, obtaining RCTs that investigated the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) combined with exercise. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Cochrane tool, followed by a random‐effects statistical analysis of each intervention. Eventually, a NMA was conducted to compare the effectiveness of each intervention on weight loss, thereby determining their combined effectiveness on reducing weight.

Results

A total of nine trials, comparing 12 interventions involving 570 participants, were included. All interventions significantly reduced body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) compared to the control (CON) group. In terms of BW reduction, the alternate‐day fasting + moderate‐intensity continuous training (ADF + MICT) intervention had the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve average (SUCRA) score 88.1(MD: −4.44,95% CI −5.95, −2.92). Furthermore, for improving FM, the ADF + MICT intervention also had the highest SUCRA score 92.7(MD: −3.65,95% CI −5.05, −2.25), making it the optimal intervention for improving FM.

Conclusion

The NMA results indicate that all interventions are effective in reducing weight. Among them, ADF + MICT is the most effective strategy for reducing BW, and it is also the best approach for improving FM.
Interpersonal determinants of diet quality and eating behaviors in people aged 13–30 years: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Braune Tanya , Kudlek Laura , Xiao Christina , Tang Hao , Demers‐Potvin Élisabeth , Harris Holly A. , Fitzsimons‐West Erin , Adams Jean , Winpenny Eleanor M.
Published: September 2024

Adolescence is an important period of increasing independence, when adolescents experience changing influences of family and friends on their diets as they transition into adulthood. We conducted a scoping review to map the literature on interpersonal determinants of diet quality and eating behaviors among individuals aged 13–30 years. We searched seven literature databases, and following screening, 329 papers were included. Determinants were grouped according to sub‐categories of the Determinants of Nutrition and Eating framework: family structure (n = 122), social influences (n = 121), parental behaviors (n = 90), family food culture (n = 83), social support (n = 69), parental feeding styles (n = 24), parental attitudes/beliefs (n = 8), and parental resources/risk factors (n = 6), and we added two new sub‐categories: parenting style (n = 74) and partner behaviors (n = 6). Fruit/vegetable (n = 143) and sugar‐sweetened beverage (n = 102) intake were the most commonly measured diet outcomes, and breakfast consumption (n = 41) and fast food/takeaway intake (n = 39) the most commonly examined eating behaviors. This review highlights the gaps in the literature, both across the determinant sub‐categories and also the relative paucity of longitudinal evidence and lack of evidence in emerging adults, particularly outside of university settings. Future research should focus on these areas to provide stronger evidence to support better design of interventions for this age group.
Attitudes of Nursing Home Managers Regarding Cognitively Stimulating Activities in People With Dementia: A Multicentre Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Guicheteau Julie , Köpke Sascha , Seven Ümran Sema , Folkerts Ann‐Kristin , Kalbe Elke , Dichter Martin N.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Group‐based cognitive stimulation has shown short‐term benefits for the cognitive outcomes of people with dementia living in nursing homes (NH). However, group participation can be a barrier for people with advanced dementia, bedridden people or isolated people. The CogStim24 project seeks to develop and implement a new psychosocial intervention based on cognitively stimulating (CS) activities integrated into daily nursing care. As part of the intervention development process, this study aimed to survey NH managers' attitudes and describe currently used approaches to CS activities in German NH.

Methods

We performed a multicentre cross‐sectional study between September and December 2021 in randomly recruited NH in the German federal state of North Rhine‐Westphalia. NH representatives were asked to fill in a self‐developed online questionnaire. We analysed data descriptively, presenting means and standard deviations. For case scenario questions, we used a summative content analysis.

Results

We contacted 354 NH and 106 agreed to participate. Representatives of 64 facilities completed the survey. Almost all stated to have implemented CS activities. Cognitive exercises (98%), physical and relaxation exercises (98%) and reminiscence therapy (95%) were most often used. The majority (96%) thought that CS activities could support people with dementia in maintaining their cognitive functions and that nurses should have a key role in the implementation of CS activities. More than half believed that regular CS activities were easy to implement alongside routine nursing care.

Conclusions

Results indicate that CS activities are frequently applied in German NH. The positive attitude of NH managers regarding the implementation and effects of CS activities is an important implementation resource.

Implications for Practice

Nursing staff should be more involved in providing CS activities for people with dementia. Training, information, and implementation material must be made available for nursing staff who wish to have an active role in providing CS activities.
Enhancing safety feedback to the design of small, unmanned aircraft by joint assessment of impact area and human fatality
Authors: Jiang Chengpeng , Blom Henk , Rattanagraikanakorn Borrdephong
Published: September 2024

Advantages of commercial UAS‐based services come with the disadvantage of posing third party risk (TPR) to overflown population on the ground. Especially challenging is that the imposed level of ground TPR tends to increase linearly with the density of potential customers of UAS services. This challenge asks for the development of complementary directions in reducing ground TPR. The first direction is to reduce the rate of a UAS crash to the ground. The second direction is to reduce overflying in more densely populated areas by developing risk‐aware UAS path planning strategies. The third direction is to develop UAS designs that reduce the product in case of a crashing UAS, where is the size of the crash impact area on the ground, and is the probability of fatality for a person in the crash impact area. Because small UAS accident and incident data are scarce, each of these three developments is in need of predictive models regarding their contribution to ground TPR. Such models have been well developed for UAS crash event rate and risk‐aware UAS path planning. The objective of this article is to develop an improved model and assessment method for the product In literature, the model development and assessment of the latter two terms is accomplished along separate routes. The objective of this article is to develop an integrated approach. The first step is the development of an integrated model for the product . The second step is to show that this integrated model can be assessed by conducting dynamical simulations of Finite Element (FE) or Multi‐Body System (MBS) models of collision between a UAS and a human body. Application of this novel method is illustrated and compared to existing methods for a DJI Phantom III UAS crashing to the ground.