bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acridone studies. X. Reactions of the isomeric Bromo-10-methylacridones with sodium methoxide in methanol and in dimethyl sulphoxide
Authors: Hodgeman DKC , Prager RH
Published: September 2010

The isomeric 1-, 2-, 3-,
and 4-bromo-10-methylacridones undergo a radical chain reduction to
10-methylacridone in the presence of sodium methoxide in methanol. Evidence for
the mechanism is presented. In the presence of methanol-free dimethyl sulphoxide, the 1- and 3-bromo-10-methylacridones are
cleanly converted by sodium methoxide into the respective methoxy compounds,
and the rates have been measured at 40�. In the same solvent, the 2- and
4-bromo isomers are again reduced by sodium methoxide.
Fluorocarbon-aluminium compounds. III. Reactions of Heptafluoro-3-iodopropane, 1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoro-3-iodopropane, and Heptafluoro-2-iodopropane with lithium tetrahydroaluminate
Authors: Dickson RS , Sutcliffe GD
Published: September 2010

The complex LiA1(CFzCF2CF3)H21 which is formed from heptafluoro-3-
iodopropane and lithium tetrahydroaluminate has been studied in solution. 1,1,1,2,2-
Pentafluoro-3-iodopropane and heptafluoro-2-iodopropane also react with lithium
tetrahydroaluminate in diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran solution to form the unstable
complexes LiA1(CH2CF2CF3)H21 and LiA1[CF(CF3)2]H21 respectively. The formula-
tion of each fluorocarbon-alane compound is indicated by n.m.r. spectroscopic
studies and by a quantitative investigation of the products of (i) thermal degradation
and (ii) hydrolysis. Of the three fluoroalkyl-alane complexes, LiAl(CHzCF2CF3)Hd
is the least stable thermally. I t decomposes readily in solution to give 2,3,3,3-tetra-
fluoropropene in high yield. The perfluoroalkyl-alane complexes LiAl(CFzCF2CFs)HnI
and LiAl[CF(CF3)2]H21 both decompose in solution to form fluoro-alkane and
-alkene compounds.
The hydrogen chloride catalysed decomposition of t-butyl isopropyl ether
Authors: Daly NJ , Steele LP
Published: September 2010

Hydrogen chloride catalyses
the decomposition of t-butyl isopropyl ether at 319-420�. The major products
are isobutene and isopropyl alcohol; traces of propene
and t-butyl alcohol are formed. The reaction is first order in each reagent and
the Arrhenius equation is followed.

K2 = 1012.97�0.14exp(-32110 � 400/RT)

The rate is not affected by
the addition of cyclohexene or by an increase in the
surface-to-volume ratio of the reaction vessel. The formation of traces of propene is discussed.
Oligosaccharides from Phaseolus atropurpureus
Authors: Ford CW
Published: September 2010

Three reducing
oligosaccharides, I, 11, and 111, have been isolated in yields of 0.01-0.02%
from the leaves of Phaseolus atropurpureus
(cv. Siratro). Oligosaccharide
I was identified as a tetrasaccharide comprising
D-galactose and D-glucose (1 : 1). Compounds 11 and 111 proved to be
disaccharides, the former comprising D-galactose and D-glucose and the latter
L-arabinopyranose and D-glucose. The

interglycosidic linkages have been assigned as follows:

I, O-D-Galp
1-6 O-D- Galp
1-4 O-D- Gp
1-6 D-Gp or

O-D- Galp 1-4 O-D-Gp, 1-6 O-D-Galp 1-6 D-Gp; 11, O-β-D-Galp 1-6 D-Gp; 111, O-L-Arap 1-6 D-Gp.
Mixed Schiff-base β-diketone complexes of cobalt(III)
Authors: Cozens RJ , Murray KS
Published: September 2010

Mixed-ligand chelate
complexes of cobalt(111) of the type (β-diketone)Co(salen)
have been synthesized using replacement reactions of the coba1t(111) species XCo(salen) (X = halogen, alkyl
group; salen = tetradentate
Schiff-base ligand) by the appropriate β-diketone, or its sodium or
thallium(1) salt. Studies of their infrared, N.M.R.,and
mass spectra point to the formation of cis
oxygen-bonded β-diketone chelates, in which the salen
group adopts an unusual twisted configuration.
Diffusion of alkali and alkaline earth chlorides through a parchment-supported silver iodide membrane
Authors: Aijaz Beg M , Pratap S
Published: September 2010

Diffusion rates of KCl, NaCl, LiCl, BaCl2,
CaCl2, and MgCl2 through a parchment-supported silver
iodide membrane have been measured at various temperatures using a constant
flow method. Activation energies and various Eyring
activation parameters for the diffusion of these electrolytes have also been
evaluated. The diffusion rate sequences obtained are KCl > NaCl > LiCl and BaCl2
> CaCl2 > MgCl2 and they point towards the weak
field strength of the membrane fixed charged groups. Diffusion coefficients and
the various Eyring activation parameters have been
related to the ionic hydrated sizes and the various thermodynamic quantities of
ionic hydration thus emphasizing the importance of ion hydration in diffusion
across the membrane.
The surface chemistry of kaolinite. III. Microelectrophoresis
Authors: Buchanan AS , Oppenheim RC
Published: September 2010

Aqueous suspensions of
kaolinite from Mt. Egerton, Victoria, have been leached at pH 6.0. In
agreement with a theoretical prediction derived from a combination of
solubility data and equilibrium constants, more silicon species than aluminium
species were found in the leaching liquor. The electrophoretic mobility increases
(ie. moves to less negative values) as the leaching
at pH 6 proceeds. This has been correlated with the surface hydroxyl groups
being more effectively under the control of the less electropositive metal,
aluminium. In a binary oxide mineral like kaolinite, the electrical double
layer at the particle surface is influenced by the pH dependence of the ionic
species in the solution as well as by the pH dependence of the nature of the
surface. The results of an electrophoretic study of unleached kaolinite in various
aqueous electrolyte solutions is also presented.
Vapour phase composition and activities for the molten PbCl2 + NaCl system
Authors: Bloom H , Richards SR , Williams DJ
Published: September 2010

Vapour pressures of molten
PbCl2 + NaCl mixtures have been measured a.t 1071 K by a transpiration
method. The vapours have also been investigated by
mass spectrometry and the complex NaPbCl3 has been established. The
enthalpy of formation of this complex from NaCl(g)
and PbCl2(g) has been determined and the equilibrium constant for
its formation has been estimated. Enthalpies of vaporization of NaCl and PbC12 and the enthalpy of dimerization
of NaCl(g) agree with published results. The mass spectrometry results
have enabled corrections to be made to measured activities of PbCl2
from the transpiration results, for errors due to the NaPbCl3
complexes. The activity values so determined are compared with those for other
molten binary systems involving lead and alkali chlorides. The PbCl2 +
NaCl system (like the other PbCl2 + alkali
chloride systems except PbCl2 + LiCl) does
not behave as regular solutions.
The behaviour of several oxoanions dissolved in molten alkali-metal nitrates
Authors: Fredericks M , Temple RB
Published: September 2010

The behaviour of several oxoanions (HSO4-, HSO3-, NO2-,
ClO4-, ClO3-,
SO42-,
SO32-) dissolved in a molten NaNO3-KNO3
eutectic at 300�C was studied by means of an oxygen electrode.

NaHSO4 and NaHSO3 were
found to decompose very rapidly to form S2O72-
or S2O52-,
and water. NO2-, SO42-,
and SO32- were found to dissociate to a measurable extent
to form O2- and the
equilibrium constants were determined for these dissociations. SO42- and SO32-
appear to dissociate according to the equations

SO42- ←→ SO3 + O2

And

SO32- ←→ SO2 + O2

in which SO3 and
SO2 remain solvated in the melt under the conditions used. ClO4- was found to be completely
stable in the melt, but ClO3-
appears to form an adduct with O2-. Tentatively assuming that the
reaction is

ClO3- + O2-←→ ClO43-

we have found the
equilibrium constant to be 3.57 x 103.
The Chemistry of Dothistromin, a Difuronanthraquinone From Dothistroma pini
Authors: Gallagher R , Hodges R
Published: September 2010

The isolation, structure
determination, and chemical reactions of dothistromin
(2,3,3a,5,10,12a-hexahydro-2,3a,4,6,9-pentahydroxyanthra[2,3-b]furo[3,2-d]furan-5,-10-dione), a toxic metabolite from Dothiatroma pini, are
described. 47 nm with the
Hydrogen rearrangements in the mass spectra of some metal complexes of β-diketones
Authors: Lacey MJ , Macdonald CG , Shannon JS
Published: September 2010

Hydrogen rearrangements in
the mass spectra of copper(11), nickel(11),
and oxovanadium(1v) complexes of pentane-2,4-dione,
3-methylpentane-2,4-dione, and 1,3-diphenylpropane-l,3-dione have been studied by deuterium
labelling. The results can be interpreted in terms of stepwise reactions which
may be preceded by competitive hydrogen-exchange processes.
Spectra of dimers of anthracene and its derivatives. II. Stable dimers
Authors: Ferguson J , Mau AWH , Morris JM
Published: September 2010

Stable dimers are formed by
controlled softening of glasses at low temperature. The spectra of dimers of
anthracene and 9,10- dichloroanthracene have been studied in detail. Polarized
excitation spectra of the polarized fluorescence of the anthracene dimer show
the presence of two oppositely polarized components in the absorption spectrum.
An estimate of about 700 cm-1 for the excitation exchange matrix
element follows from these results. Hyperchromism is explained by configuration
interaction with a second 1B2u state near 44000 cm-1.
This configuration mixing leads to hypochromism for the sandwich dimer. The 1B3u,
state of anthracene near 40000 cm-1 appears as a broad band in the
dimer with a maximum at 49600 cm-1. Neither delayed fluorescence nor
phosphorescence can be observed for the stable dimers of anthracene and 9,10-dichloroanthracene.
Electron impact studies. LXXVIII. Rearrangement ions and proximity effects in the 'doubly charged ion' mass spectra of benzoic acid derivatives
Authors: Bowie JH
Published: September 2010

The technique of Beynon1,2
has been used to determine the ?doubly charged ion? mass spectra of a series of
benzoic acid derivatives. A general feature of all spectra is the presence of
pronounced M-CO species. The losses of carbon monoxide from the doubly charged
molecular ions of m- amino- and m-hydroxy-benzoic acids originate mainly from
the carboxyl groups, whereas the predominant loss from benzoic acid involves
the aryl ring system. The spectra of anthranilates and salicylates contain
peaks produced by characteristic proximity effects.
Synthesis of some new iodoquinolines
Authors: Ellis J , Gellert E , Robson J
Published: September 2010

Seven new iodo- and five new iodo[131I]-quinolines were
synthesized. Either the Sandmeyer reaction or homogeneous isotopic exchange was
used for the introduction of 131I into the molecule. Six
tritium-labelled quinoline derivatives were also synthesized.
A proton magnetic resonance study of trimethyl phosphate exchange on magnesium(II)
Authors: Crea J , Lincoln SF , West RJ
Published: September 2010

A 1H N.M.R.
study of the exchange reaction Mg(tmp)62+
↔ tmp (tmp, trimethyl
phosphate) in methylene chloride and acetone diluents is reported. A complete
signal shape analysis is used to derive kinetic parameters. The value for kex
(193 K) in the rate law R = 6kex[Mg(tmp)62+]
is 3.2�0.5 s-1, ΔH? = 70.7�3.8 kJ mol-1,
and ΔS? = 135.1�12.6 J mol-1 K-1 when the Mg2+
: tmp : methylene chloride mole ratio is 1.00 : 12.1
: 34.9. Values of similar magnitude are obtained under different mole ratio and
diluent conditions. The tmp exchange is considered to
proceed through a dissociative mechanism involving solvent structural
rearrangement in the activation process.
Monothiocarbamate complexes of divalent nickel, palladium, and platinum
Authors: Krankovits EM , Magee RJ , O'Conner MJ
Published: September 2010

The preparation of a number
of polymeric, octahedral bis(N- alkylmonothiocarbamato)nickel(II)
complexes and some of their base adducts is described. ��� The preparation and characterization of
some bis(phosphine)bis(N- alkylmono-thiocarbamato)palladium(II)
compounds are also described for the first time. The butyl compound is monomeric
in chloroform and infrared spectral measurements of all compounds indicate that
the monothiocarbamate ligands are bonded to palladium through the sulphur atoms
only. The proton magnetic resonance spectrum of the dimethylphenylphosphine
complex shows clearly that the phosphine groups are trans in the complexes. ��� Simple bis(monothiocarbamato)-palladium(II)
or -platinum(II) have not been isolated but pyrrolidinium tetra(N- pyrrolidylmonothiocarbamato)-palladium(II) or -platinum(II)
compounds are formed. Infrared measurements indicate that the mono-thiocarbamate
ligands are bonded to the metal through both oxygen and sulphur atoms but no
definite structure can be proposed for these compounds at present.
Aza analogues of pteridine. VII. 3-Alhoxypyrimido[5,4-e]-as-triazines and some derivatives
Authors: Brown DJ , Lynn RK
Published: September 2010

Syntheses and some reactions
of 3-ethoxypyrimido[5,4-e]-as-triazines are
described. For example, 4-hydrazino-6-methoxy-5-nitropyrimidine (3a) and ethyl
orthocarbonate give the 4-(diethoxymethylene)hydrazino
derivative (4a) which may be reduced to its 5-amino analogue (4b) and thence
cyclized to the 3-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-5-methoxypyrimidotriazine. This undergoes
dehydrogenation by mercuric oxide to the 3-ethoxy-5- methoxypyrimidotriazine
(1a). Such dialkoxypyrimidotriazines are aminolysed
to 5-mono- or 3,5-di-amines, e.g. (1g) or (1e), according to conditions;
similarly trialkoxypyrimidotriazines, e.g. (1p),
undergo successive aminolysis at the 5-, 3-, and 7-position. In contrast, the
3-group proves to be least reactive during progressive acidic hydrolysis of trialkoxypyrimidotriazines to the trione (8). The tabu- lated ultraviolet and p.m.r. spectra serve to prove or confirm many of the
structures.
Kinetics of oxidation of nitrite by aqueous bromine
Authors: Pendlebury JN , Smith RH
Published: September 2010

The kinetics of oxidation of nitrite to nitrate by aqueous bromine have been
investigated using a spectrophotometric stopped flow technique. In the pH range 4.2-5.8
(acetate buffer) the rate law is:
- d[Br21,/dt = [Br21[N02 -I2 (a + b/[Br-1)
(where [Br,], = [Br2]+[Br,-1) with a = (4.61-0-1) x lo4 l2 m01-~ s-l and b =
(3.3 1-0.1) x lo4 1. mol-l s-l at 298.2 K and with the temperature dependences,
- R d(lna)/d(l/T) = (46k 4) kJ mol-l and - R d(ln b)/d(l/T) = (45 k 2) kJ mol-'.
In the pH range 0.8-2.5 (perchloric acid) the rate law is :
- d[Br2],/dt = [HN0212[Br21 (w + v/[Br-l)/(l+ z[H+ItBr,l,)
with w = (5.9+0.2)x lo4 l2 m01-~ s-l, v = (3.41-0.1)~ lo4 1, mol-l s-I, and z =
(1.90i 0.06) x lo7 l2 mol-2 at 298.2 K. In addition:
- R d ln(w/z)/d(l/T) = (31 1 4 ) kJ mol-I
and
- R d ln(v/z)/d(l/T) = (46 f 4) kJ mol-l
In the pH range 2.8-3.3 (chloroacetate buffer) a combination of these two rate
laws adequately describes the kinetic results.
These rate laws have been interpreted in terms of two reversible initial reactions:
6) NO2- +Br2 + N02Br +Br-
(followed by attack on N02Br by NO2-)
(ii) NO2-+NO2- (or HNOJ + N204'- (or HN204-)
(followed by attack by Br2 upon N204'- or HNZO4- or upon N203 formed from
HN204-).
Kinetics of oxidation of thiocyanate by aqueous iodine
Authors: Briot GT , Smith RH
Published: September 2010

The kinetics of oxidation
of thiocyanate to sulphate by aqueous iodine in the pH range 9.2-12.5 have been
studied using a spectrophotometric stopped flow technique. The reaction is
general base-catalysed, having the rate law

��������������������� -d[I2]a/dt = ([SCN-][I3-]/[I-]2)Σ
kB[B]

where [I2]a
is the total analytical concentration of iodine, [B] is the concentration of
base, and where the summation is taken over all bases present. Rate constants,
kB, and activation energies have been measured for the bases, OH-,
PO43- and CO32-. ��� A mechanism involving the initial steps

����������������� I2+SCN-
↔ ISCN+I- �����������������(rapid equilibrium)

������������� ISCN+H2O+B →
HOSCN+I- + HB+ �����������(rate determining)

followed by rapid reactions
of HOSCN with itself or with iodine is proposed.
Substitution reactions on arsenic(V). The formation and hydrolysis of pentaamminearsenatocobalt(III) in aqueous solution
Authors: Beech TA , Lawrence NC , Lincoln SF
Published: September 2010

The formation of Co(NH3)5HAsO4+
and Co(NH3)5H2AsO42+
conforms to the rate law:

����������� rate = [Co(NH3)5H2O3+](k-1[HAsO42-]+k-2[H2AsO4-])

where k-1 =
(11�1)x10-2 l. mol-1 s-1 and k-2 =
(120�15)x10-4 l. mol-1 s-1 at 295 K and unit
ionic strength. The hydrolysis of the arsenato complex conforms to the rate
law:

������ rate = [total arsenato complex](Ka2k1+k2[H+]+k3[H+]2)(Ka2+[H+])-1

where k1 =
(290�15)x10-7s-1, k2 = (408�20)x 10-6
s-1, k3 = (670�34)x10-3 l. mol-1 s-1,
and pKa2 = 3.30�0.05 at 295 K and unit ionic strength. The formation
and hydrolysis reactions proceed through bond formation and cleavage between
oxygen and arsenic. The mechanisms of the reactions characterized by k1
and k-1 are considered to be associative substitutions on arsenic(v),
but the mechanisms of the other reactions are less certain.
Nitrones and oxaziridines. VII. Cycloaddition reactions of nitrones with carbon disulphide
Authors: Black DSC , Watson KG
Published: September 2010

The cyclic aldo nitrones
(3)-(5) undergo cycloaddition reactions with carbon disulphide to yield the
related thiolactams (6)-(8), presumably via intermediate 1,4,2-oxathiazolidine-5-thiones,
which could not be isolated or detected. N-(Benzylidene)-methylamine N-oxide
undergoes a similar conversion into the related thioamide, but the reaction is
not shown by all nitrones.
Ferrocenylalanes. The preparation and properties of (η-C5H5)Fe(η-C5H4Al2Me4Cl)
Authors: Atwood JL , Bailey BL , Kindberg BL , Cook WJ
Published: September 2010

The ferrocenylalane
(η-C5H5)Fe(η-C5H4Al2Me4Cl)
has been synthesized and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, nuclear
magnetic resonance, and mass spectral studies. The structural implications of
these studies are discussed.
The thermally induced rearrangement of 1-substituted imidazoles
Authors: Begg CG , Grimmett MR , Wethey PD
Published: September 2010

When passed through a
silica tube at 530-600� 1-substituted imidazoles rearrange to form mainly the
2-substituted isomers in high yield. Some ?cracking? occurs with alkyl groups
higher than ethyl, while 1- allylimidazole forms about equal quantities of 2- and
4-allylimidazoles. Some study has been made of the reaction mechanism. In
sealed silica tubes reaction takes place at lower temperatures but the product
complexity increases markedly.
Malononitrile trimers
Authors: Ducker JW , Gunter MJ
Published: September 2010

The structures of the
malononitrile trimers I and III have been shown to be (4a) and (4e).
Structure of acyl derivatives of the fungicide diazoxolon and related Aryl-hydrazonoisoxazolones
Authors: Eckhard IF , Lehtonen K , Staub T , Summers LA
Published: September 2010

Sodium salts of drazoxolon
and related 4-arylhydrazono-3- methylisoxazol-5-ones
react with acyl chlorides in dry acetone to form
2-acyl-4-arylazo-3-methylisoxazol-5-ones, the structures of which were deduced
from their i.r. and u.v. spectra. Several 2-acyl-4-
arylazo-3- methylisoxazol-5-ones show considerable fungicidal activity against
a number of plant pathogens.
Transition metal complexes of substituted alkynes. XI. The reactions of But-2-yne and Hexafluorobut-2-yne with Dicarbonyl(η-cyclopentadieny)-cobalt and -rhodium
Authors: Dickson RS , Kirsch HP
Published: September 2010

The thermally initiated reaction of hexafluorobut-2-yne and (q-C5H5)C~(C0)2 gives the 1-4-q-
hexakis(trifiuoromethy1)benzene complex (7-C5H5)Co [(CF3C2CF3)3] in addition to the known
cyclopentadienone complex (q-C5H5)Co [(CF3C2CF3)2CO]. The related reaction of but-2-yne with
(q-CjH j)Co(CO)2 gives several compounds in addition to the cyclopentadienone complex (q-C jHj)C~-
[(MeC2Me)2CO] which has been isolated previously from this reaction. Thus, the duroquinone
complex (q-C5H5)Co [(MeC2Me)2(C0)2], the maleoyl complex (q-C5H5)Co(MeC2Me)(C0)3, and
free duroquinone have been obtained. The yields of the various products are influenced by the
reaction conditions. The metallocyclopentadiene complex (q-C jH j)2Rh2(CF3C2CF3)2, which is formed
in the reaction between (q-C,H,)Rh(CO), and hexafluorobut-2-yne, exhibits fluxional behaviour
in solution at c. 130". Two complexes are formed in the reaction at 100-120' between (q-C5Hj)Rh-
(CO)2 and but-2-yne. These are the cyclopentadienone complex (q-C5H5)Rh [(MeC2Me)2CO] and
the duroquinone complex (7-CjH5)Rh [(MeC2Me)2(C0)2].
Comparison of the various reactions indicates that: (i) a cyclopentadienone complex (q-CgH5)M-
[(MeC2Me)2CO] is generally formed as major product and a duroquinone complex (q-C5Hj)M-
[(MeC2Me)2(C0)2] is generally formed as a minor product in reactions between (q-C5H5)M(C0)2,
M = Co and Rh, and but-2-yne; and (ii) a tetrahaptobenzene complex (q-C5H5)M [(CF3C2CF3)3] is
formed as major product when M = Rh and as a minor product when M = Co in reactions between
(q-C5H5)M(CO)2 and hexafluorobut-2-yne.
Some nickel(II) and cobalt(III) complexes of two isomeric Tetraethyl-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecadienes
Authors: Curtis NF
Published: September 2010

Preparations of N-rac- and N-meso-[Ni(l)][C1O4]2,
N-meso-[Ni(l)(NCS)]2,
N-rac-[{Ni(l)}2C2O4]-[ClO4]2,
N-rac-[Co(l)acac][ClO4]2 and trans-N-rac-[Co(l)X2] ClO4,
X = Cl-, Br-, OAc-, NO2- are reported
[where (1)= C-meso-(5,7,12,14-tetraethyl-7,14-dimethyl-l,4,8,ll-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,ll-diene)].
The p.m.r. spectra of N-rac- and N-meso-[Ni(l)]2+, some cobalt(111)
derivatives of (1), and of [Ni (2)]2+, where (2) = C-meso-(5,7,12,14-tetraethyl-7,12-dimethyl-l,4,8,1l-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,14-diene), a geometrical
isomer of (1), are described. The configurational
assignments are deduced from the chemical properties and p.m.r,
spectra.
The synthesis and rearrangements of Hexamethylbicyclo[1,1,0]butane
Authors: Hamon DPG
Published: September 2010

The synthesis of the title
compound (1) by an intramolecular Wurtz reaction is
reported. Acid-catalysed rearrangements of (1) gave isomeric products shown to
be 2,3,4,5-tetramethylhexa- 1,4-diene (ll), 2,3,4,5-tetramethylhexa-2,4-diene
(12) and 1-isopropenyl-1,2,2,3-tetramethylcyclopropane (13). Pyrolytic rearrangements in the vapour phase in the presence
of triethylamine gave both (11) and (12). The production of (11) is most
reasonably explained in terms of an initial non-concerted cleavage of the bicyclobutane to give a diradical
species.
A kinetic study of the autoxidation of tryptophan at 100°C in the pH range 2-7
Authors: Stewart M , Nicholls CH
Published: September 2010

Tryptophan is shown to be unexpectedly labile to autoxidation at 100�C in the pH range 2-7, with the maximum
rate of decomposition, which occurs at pH 5.3, being of the same order as that
observed in strongly basic and acidic solution. Protonation of both the indole and carboxyl segments of the molecule is shown to be
involved in the reaction.
Hydrogen bonding in chloroform-thioether systems: An N.M.R. spectroscopic study
Authors: Jolley KW , Hughes LM , Watson ID
Published: September 2010

The association constants
of molecular complexes of chloroform with dimethyl sulphide,
diethyl sulphide, tetrahydrothiophen
and thiophen have been obtained by the use of N.M.R. spectroscopy over a
temperature range from -50 to +50�C. The enthalpies of formation have been
found from these results and used in the ideal associated model to predict the
excess enthalpies of mixing.
Crystal structure of Hexakis(hydroxylamine-N)nickel(II) sulphate
Authors: Engelhardt LM , Newman PWG , Raston CL , White AH
Published: September 2010

The crystal structure of
the title compound, [Ni(NH20H)6] SO4, has been
determined at 298 K by photographic methods; the structure was solved by the
heavy atom method and refined by block diagonal least-squares procedures to a
residual of 0.095 (1166 independent reflections). Crystal data: triclinic, PI, a
14.026(3), b 6.741(2), c 6.358(1) �, α-98.35(2), β
79.57(1), γ 95.06(2)�, Z 2. In the two
crystallographically independent centrosymmetric cations, the nickel atoms are octahedrally coordinated by the ligand nitrogen atoms,
(Ni-N), 2.12 �, <N-O), 1.44 �. The Ni-N-O angles range from 110 to 117�. The
sulphate geometry is normal and undistorted.
Thermodynamics of metal-ligand bond formation. XI. Adducts of heterocyclic bases with copper(II) complexes of fluorinated β-diketones
Authors: Graddon DP , Ong WK
Published: September 2010

Thermodynamic data have
been obtained for the reaction in benzene solution of copper(11) complexes of hexafluoropentanedione and three trifluorinated
α-diketones with several unidentate and
bidentate heterocyclic bases and terpyridine. With
pyridine the hexafluoro� complex forms very stable 1 : 1 and 1 : 2
adducts. The enthalpy of adduct formation (-ΔH) is about 39 kJ mol-1
for the addition of each molecule of pyridine, about 10 kJ mol-1
more than for the formation of the 1 : 1 adduct with the acetylacetone complex.
The trifluoro complexes form only 1 : 1 adducts with
enthalpy of formation about 31 kJ mol-1 ; these are much more stable
than Cu(acac)2(py), but the extra
stability is mainly due to entropy factors. With bipyridine
and phenanthroline all four fluoro
complexes form very stable 1 : 1 adducts with enthalpies of formation about
twice those for addition of one molecule of pyridine; this shows that two Cu-N
bonds are formed. 2,9-Dimethyl-1,l0-phenanthroline forms a similar adduct, but
the enthalpy of formation is much less, due to steric interference. Terpyridine forms a 1 : 1 adduct of much lower stability,
probably behaving as an ortho-substituted bidentate ligand. Infrared spectra of
the adducts of Cu(tfaa)2 and Cu(hfaa)2 support molecular structures in which one
of the Cu-O bonds linking each β-diketone is lengthened to allow the
formation of a strong pair of Cu-N bonds.
Thio derivatives of β-diketones and their metal chelates. XIV. Mass spectra of palladium and platinum chelates of some fluorinated Monothio-β-diketones
Authors: Das M , Livingstone SE
Published: September 2010

The mass spectra of the
palladium(11) and platinum(11) chelates of the fluorinated monothio-β-
diketones, RC(SH)=CHCOCF3 (R = Ph, p-MeC6H4, p-BrC6H4,
p-NO2C6H4, 2-thienyl), and of the palladium
chelate of CH3C(SH)=CHCOCF3 have been obtained. The
platinum chelates give rise to more metal-containing peaks than the palladium
chelates. Mechanisms are proposed for the reactions involving the
metal-containing fragments. A comparison of the mass spectra of the zinc,
nickel, palladium and platinum chelates of these fluorinated monothio-β-diketones reveals that the fragmentation
pattern is determined by the metal.
Some compounds of nickel(II) and copper(II) with 1,4,8,11-tetraazaundecane
Authors: Curtis NF , Milestone NB
Published: September 2010

Preparations of the
compounds of 1,4,8,11-tetraazaundecane (L),[Ni2(L)3] X, X
= (ClO4)2 and Cl2,3H2O; [Ni(L)(en)]
X, X = (ClO4)2 and Cl2,H2O; [Ni(L)X2]
H2O, X = NCS and N3; [Ni(L)(OAc)2],3[(CH3)2CHOH];
[Ni(L)X] Y, X = NCS, Y = BF4; X = N3, Y = BF4,
ClO4; X = Cl, Y = ClO4; X = NO3,
Y = ClO4; X = CH3CO2, Y = BF4, ClO4;
X = acac = CH3COCHCOCH3, Y = BF4,
ClO4; [{Ni(L)}2C2O4l X2,
X = BF4, ClO4; [Ni(L)] ZnCl4 and [Cu(L)] ZnCl4,H2O
and also the triethylenetetramine compound [Ni(trien)(acac)] ClO4,
are reported. Infrared and d-d electronic spectra, and magnetic
susceptibilities are reported. The compounds [Ni(L)X2] H2O,
X = NCS, N3; [Ni(L)(OAc)2],3[(CH3)2CHOH];
[Ni(L)X] Y, X = NCS, N3, Cl, Y = ClO4
or BF4 are assigned trans
configurations with the tetramine in 'planar'
coordination, and the remaining compounds are assigned structures with the tetramine in 'folded' coordination.
Preparation of a 4-methoxyphenylhydrazine and some other arylhydrazines
Authors: Frahn JL , Illman RJ
Published: September 2010

4-Methoxyphenylhydrazine
was prepared in 70% yield from 4-anisidine by converting it into the diazonium salt and reducing the latter with stannous
chloride at -25�. When the reaction was conducted at 0� the parent amine, 4 anisidine, was regenerated by reductive cleavage of the N-N bond of the hydrazine as it formed
from the diazonium salt in the presence of excess
stannous chloride.The required
4-methoxyphenylhydrazine was then recovered only in impure form in poor yield.
The reactivities of a selection of substituted phenylhydrazines with stannous chloride were compared and the
4-methoxy derivative found to be by far the most reactive. The differences in
reactivity were reflected in the different reaction conditions under which the arylhydrazines could be formed in good yield by reduction
of the corresponding diazonium salts.
Synthesis of 6-Methoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline
Authors: Frahn JL , Illman RJ
Published: September 2010

A convenient, larger-scale
preparation of 6-methoxy-2-methyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline, an alkaloid
occurring in the pasture grass, Phalavis tuberosa L., is described. DL-5-Methoxytryptophan is
condensed with formaldehyde and the product, DL-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic
acid, treated with dichromate to form 6-methoxy-β-carboline. The methiodide of this base is reduced with borohydride to the
required alkaloid in c.60% overall yield.
Densities and molar volumes for the molten salt systems ZnBr2 + KBr, CdI2 + NaI and CdI2 + CsI
Authors: Bloom H , Bendall MR , Boyd PDW , Laver JL
Published: September 2010

Densities of binary
mixtures of ZnBr2 + KBr, CdI2 +
NaI and CdI2 + CsI,
have been measured by an Archimedian method over a
wide range of temperature. Results have been expressed in terms of simple
linear equations in temperature. Molar volumes for the systems have excess
values in the ZnBr2 + KBr and CdI2
+ CsI systems but not to such an extent in the CdI2+NaI
system. The excess molar volumes are related to the possible formation of
complex ions in the systems concerned.
The chemical and photochemical properties of some 1,3-Diphenyl-2-pyrazolines
Authors: Evans NA , Rivett DE , Wilshire JFK
Published: September 2010

The effect of solvent and
structure on the stability to light of a series of 1,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazolines
has been studied. The major photochemical reaction observed is dehydrogenation
to the corresponding 1,3-diphenylpyrazole unless the 5-position is disubstituted
when, as in the case of 1,3,5,5-tetraphenyl-2- pyrazoline,
photo-oxidation, with either retention or destruction of the heterocyclic ring,
occurs. Evidence is presented that singlet oxygen may be involved in the photodehydrogenation of 1,3- diphenyl-2-pyrazoline. The
observation that the presence of bulky groups in both the 4- and 5-positions
improved both the fluorescence efficiency and the stability to light of the
1,3-diphenyl-2-pyrazoline molecule may have significance for the design of pyrazoline whitening agents. Dehydrogenation of the same
series of pyrazolines with chloranil has been studied in order to determine the
effect of substituents on the yield of pyrazole.
Correlation of N.M.R. shifts with chemical reactivity in phenethyl systems
Authors: Blackwell LF , Buckley PD , Jolley KW
Published: September 2010

Correlations between 1H
substituent-induced chemical shifts (scs) for α- and β-methylene
protons in, and rate constants for base-catalysed E2 elimination from,
substituted phenethyl bromides and dimethyl(phenethyl)sulphonium bromides
have been obtained. The slopes of the best-fit straight lines were similar in
all cases for the β-methylene protons but were found to vary with the
leaving group for the α-methylene protons.
The mass spectra of the arylsulphonyl derivatives of methyl acetates
Authors: Pratanata I , Williams LR
Published: September 2010

The spectra of
arylsulphonyl derivatives of methyl acetates revealed a variety of skeletal
rearrangement ions. The influence of the aryl substituent on simple
fragmentation, rearrangement by carbon-oxygen bond formation, elimination of
ketene after alkoxy migration to the ortho position of the ring and skeletal
rearrangement by means of elimination of sulphur dioxide is discussed.
Electron impact studies. XCIII. The reactions of negative ions from 3- and 4-nitrophthalic anhydrides
Authors: Bowie JH , Williams BD
Published: September 2010

Possible structures for
some rearrangement ions in the negative ion mass spectra of 3- and 4-nitro-
phthalic anhydride are suggested from an examination of the + E spectra
obtained by the conversion of the negative ions to positive ions by
charge-stripping reactions. The reactivities of the non-decomposing negative
ions have been investigated by observation of their ion-molecule reactions with
the neutral anhydride in the cell of an ion cyclotron resonance spectrometer.
Constitution and synthesis of naturally occurring isopentenylated kaempferol derivatives, noranhydroicaritin and isoanhydroicaritin and related flavonolsincluding Di-O-methylicaritin
Authors: Jain AC , Gupta RK
Published: September 2010

Kaempferol (20) reacted
with 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate to yield
a mixture of the 6,8-di(3- methylbut-2-enyl) derivative (21),
3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4?-hydroxyphenyl)- 8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-4H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b?]dipyran-4-one
(19), and natural noranhydroicaritin(5). The
orientation of the 3-methylbut- 2-enyl unit in the 8-position in the
flavonol(5) has been unambiguously established by synthetic experiments.
Complete acetylation of the flavonol (5) followed by reaction of the product
(22) with one molar proportion of methyl iodide in the presence of dry
potassium carbonate and acetone afforded 8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)rhamnocitrin triacetate
(23) which, on deacetylation, gave natural isoanhydroicaritin3 (4).
3- Methylbut-2-enylation of kaempferol 3,4?-dimethyl ether (7) was effected in
two ways and the products [(8), (9) and (10)]were oxidatively cyclized with
2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone to make available the corresponding
monopyrano derivatives (26)-(29) to act as reference compounds for
investigation of natural products. The 3-methoxyflavone (10) was also converted
into di-O-methylicaritin (24) via the partial methyl
ether (17a).
Kinetics of oxidation of allyl alcohol by chloramine-T in hydrochloric acid medium: effect of high acid concentrations
Authors: Mahadevappa DS , Naidu HMK
Published: September 2010

The kinetics of oxidation
of allyl alcohol by chloramine-T in presence of hydrochloric acid(0.15-0.29M)
has been studied. At 0�C the rate is first order with respect to chloramine-T,
second order in [H+] and independent of the alcohol concentration.
The energy of activation and entropy of activation of the reaction have been
found to be 55.6 kJ mol

-1 and -153 J K-1 respectively. A mechanism
is proposed.
Viscosity and conductivity of aqueous solutions of some complex cyanides between 15° and 45°C
Authors: Mathieson JG , Curthoys G
Published: September 2010

The viscosity and
conductivity of aqueous solutions of K [Ag(CN)2], K2
[Zn(CN)4], K2[Cd(CN)4],
K2[Ni(CN)4], K3[CO(CN)6], K3[Fe(CN)6],
K4[Fe(CN)6] and K4[Mo(CN)8] were measured
at 15, 25, 35 and 45�C in the concentration range 0.001-05 mol dm-3.
The viscosity results were fitted to an extended Jones-Dole equation

���������������������������� ηr
= 1 + Ac1/2 + Bc + Dc2

and the parameters A, B and
D were evaluated. Theoretical values of A were calculated from the conductivity
measurements. The B coefficients indicated that the complex anions are similar
in behaviour to simple structure-breaking ions (e.g. K+, Cs+,
Cl-, Br-), although they are of
greater size and mostly multiply charged. Several specificities in behaviour,
probably due to differing coordination geometry, were noted.
Cyclometallation reactions. XIV. Some reactions of nitrogen-donor ligands
Authors: Bennett RL , Bruce MI , Matsuda I
Published: September 2010

The preparation of
ortho-metallated complexes from reactions between MnR(CO)5 (R = Me
or CH2Ph) or Li2PdCl4 and the following
N-donor ligands is reported: azophenetole [Mn; also Ru, from Ru3(CO)12],
Dimethyl Yellow (Pd), 4,4?-azobis(N,N-dimethylaniline) (Mn,Pd), azoxybenzene
(Pd), 4,4?-azoxyanisole (Pd), benzylideneazine (Mn), N,N?-dimethylbenzylamine
(Mn) and N-benzyl-aniline (Mn). The reactions between MnMe(CO)5 and
azoxybenzene and azoxyanisole afford metallated derivatives of the
corresponding azo compounds; the former derivative was also obtained from
hydrazobenzene and MnMe(CO)5.
Synthesis of Cyclohexane-1,3/2-triol
Authors: Fredericks PM , Guthrie RD
Published: September 2010

Repetition of a published
method for the alleged synthesis of cyclohexane-1,3/2-triol showed that the
product was in fact the 1,2/3 isomer. A new synthesis of the 1,3/2 compound is
described.
The mass spectra of some simple mixed alkyl, aryl, halo, secondary and tertiary phosphines, arsines and stibines
Authors: Henrick K , Mickiewicz M , Roberts N , Shewchuk E , Wild SB
Published: September 2010

A comparative investigation
of the mass spectra of the compounds Me2PhE, MePh2E, MeEtPhE (where E = P, As or Sb), PhPriEH (where E = N, P or As), MePhAsH, MePhEX (where X = Cl or I and E = As; X = Br and E = Sb)
and PhPriEX (where X = Cl
and E = P or As) has been undertaken at 70 eV. The
main fragmentation pathways have been determined and the criteria established
for the interpretation of spectra of these simple derivatives applied to a
series of more complex arsines.
The chemistry of pyrrolic compounds. XXIX. Synthesis of some derivatives of deuteroporphyrin-IX
Authors: Clezy PS , Diakiw V
Published: September 2010

The synthesis of the 2- and
4-acetyl-, and the 2- and 4- methoxycarbonyl-deuteroporphyrin-IX dimethyl
esters has been achieved by the oxidative cyclization of bilene-b
intermediates. Interconversion of the acetyl- and
methoxycarbonyl-deuteroporphyrins has been carried out via the hydroxyethyl,
vinyl and formyl derivatives. In this way the structural assignments of the two
series of isomers have been rigorously defined and this has necessitated
revision of earlier formulations.
A novel carbonyl bridging mode: the structure of the metal carbonyl complex [Mn2(CO)5(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2]
Authors: Commons CJ , Hoskins BF
Published: September 2010

The crystal structure of
the solvated complex Mn2(CO)5(dpm)2,CH2Cl3,C6H14
(where dpm = Ph2PCH2PPh2)
has been determined by three-dimensional X-ray diffraction methods. The
crystals are monoclinic, of space group Cc, with a 19.650(3), b 16.908(2), c
22.253(4) Ǻ and β 130.89(1)�, containing four molecules per unit
cell. The structure, solved by conventional Patterson and Fourier methods, was
refined by a least- squares method, using individual isotropic temperature
factors, to R and Rw of 0.105 and 0.125 respectively, for 1893
independent statistically significant reflections collected by counter methods.
The crystals are molecular, being composed of discrete molecules of complex and
solvent. The principal feature of interest in the binuclear manganese complex is
the presence of a carbonyl ligand simultaneously bonded to both manganese atoms
in a manner quite different from the normal symmetrical bridging mode. This
novel arrangement, which seems to involve a metal-carbonyl bond analogous to
that found for many metal-olefin complexes, accounts for the anomalously low
carbonyl stretching frequency observed at 1645 cm-1. The Mn-Mn distance is 2.934(6) Ǻ.
A complementary Lewis acid-base description of solvent effects. II. Dipole-dipole interactions
Authors: Fawcett WR , Krygowski TM
Published: September 2010

A previously described
empirical model for solvent effects is applied to kinetic, thermodynamic and
spectroscopic data selected to reflect variation in solute-solvent interactions
of a dipole-dipole character. The three parameter fit was found to describe the
solvent effect successfully in 75% of the cases considered. The choice of
basicity parameters for protic solvents is discussed, and the basicity scales
of Gutmann, Kagiya, Koppel and Palm, and Arnett, are compared. It is concluded
that an extension of the present model should take into consideration entropic effects
associated with solute-solvent interactions.
Pyrolysis of aryl azides. III. Steric and electronic effects upon reaction rate
Authors: Dyall LK
Published: September 2010

First-order rate constants
have been measured for the pyrolysis of 15 phenyl azides in decalin solution.
The rate for phenyl azide is increased only slightly by all para and many ortho
substituents; in these cases Eact and ΔSact values
are related linearly. ��� The very large rate increases when the
ortho substituent is phenylazo, nitro, acetyl or benzoyl cannot be from steric
or normal electronic effects and therefore identify a specific involvement of
these groups in the transition state. This rate enhancement is reduced to
scarcely significant levels by a 6-chloro or 6-methyl group in 2- nitrophenyl
azide, but not by a 6-nitro group. These results raise doubts about recent
claims1 to establish mechanism by measuring polar effects on rates
of pyrolysis of azides in which steric effects might also operate.
Vapour pressures and activities in the reciprocal fused salt systems ZnCl2 + Na2SO4 and ZnSO4 + NaCl
Authors: Anthony RG , Bloom H
Published: September 2010

Zinc chloride vapour
pressures, activities and partial molar energies have been determined in the
reciprocal fused salt system: Zn,Na/Cl,SO4 over the range 770-900 K.
The transpiration vapour pressure of pure ZnCl2 was first
redetermined for the range 720-900 K and found to follow the equation (in which
P� is in mmHg):

�������������� Log P�ZnCl2 =
(-8247�17)/T-5.033 log T + 26.213 � 0.006

Activities of ZnC1, in the
reciprocal system differed greatly from ideality, the degree of departure
varying with both composition and temperature. In general, at relatively high ZnCl, concentrations, observed activities were greater than
ideal and ZnCl2 partial molar enthalpies were positive; this
behaviour is believed to be largely caused by the effect of partial covalent
bonding in pure ZnCl2. At low ZnCl2 concentrations,
activities were much less than ideal and ZnCl2 partial molar
enthalpies were negative; this other effect is believed to be caused by the
formation of complex ions within this system.
Carbon chemical shifts and proton spin relaxation in Halogenobis(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamato) iron(III) complexes
Authors: Doddrell DM , Bendall MR , Gregson AK
Published: September 2010

Carbon chemical shifts and
proton longitudinal and transverse relaxation times have been measured for a
series of halogenobis(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamato)iron(111)
complexes (Cl, Br, I) and the results interpreted in
terms of current relaxation theory. For the chloro complex the zero field
splitting parameters are sufficiently small to yield electronic relaxation
times longer than the overall molecular correlation time and good agreement is
obtained between the experimental and theoretical nuclear relaxation times. The
agreement is poor for the Br and I derivatives. Although the electronic
relaxation is a complex process it is shown that one electronic relaxation time
may dominate the nuclear relaxation process. 13C and lH contact shifts are in good agreement with the
proposal that it is the n electronic framework of the ligand that is
responsible for transmission of unpaired spin density.
Cyclophanes. IV. Synthetic approaches to cyclophane dienes. The preparation of [2,2](2,7)Naphthalenophane-1,11-diene
Authors: Davy JR , Reiss JA
Published: September 2010

The synthesis of
[2,2](2,7)naphthalenophane-1,ll-diene (2a) from 2,13-dithia[3,3](2,7)naphthalenophane
(4) by means of a Stevens rearrangement ring contraction and a Hofmann
elimination procedure is described. The diene was found to undergo an efficient
oxidative photochemical cyclization to coronene. Several other reactions of the
naphthalenophane ring system are described, and the stereochemistry of the
macrocycle is discussed.
Fluorescent whitening agents. VII. Photodimerization of a naphthotriazolylstilbene derivative
Authors: Leaver IH , Milligan B , Holt LA
Published: September 2010

Photolysis of the trans (E)
isomer of N-butyl-4-(2H-naphtho[1,2-d Itriazol-2-y1)stilbene-2-sulphonamide(1) in dioxan results in
isomerization and dimerization. A fluorescent photodimer of trans(1) has been isolated and
characterized. Fluorescence and photochemical quantum yields and ultravioletspectra of trans (1) and
its photoproducts are given.Although trans (1)
photodimerizes rapidly in polymer films, this causes no change in the
fluorescenceemission spectrum. The
absence of the characteristic fluorescence of the dimer is attributed tolong-range resonance
transfer of energy from the excited dimer to a neighbouring molecule of trans(1) in the polymer.
Some extractives of Melicope octandra (Rutaceae)
Authors: Free AJ , Read RW , Ritchie E , Taylor WC
Published: September 2010

From the leaves of Melicope octandva (F. Muell.) Druce were
isolated multiflorenol, β-sitosterol, melisimplexin, meliternatin and
'octandrenolone' (6-acetyl-2,2,8,8-tetramethyl-2H,8H-benzo[l,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-5-ol),
each in small yield. The main constituents of the bark were multiflorenol and meliternatin;
small amounts of β-sitosterol, glutinol, globulol, melisimplexin and
octandrenolonewere also isolated. The
wood gave a small yield of β-sitosterol.
P.M.R. spectra of heteroaromatic molecules containing bridgehead nitrogen atoms. II. 5-Methyl-s-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline and s-Triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline
Authors: Heffernan ML , Irvine GM
Published: September 2010

A detailed analysis of the
spectra of 5-methyl-s-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline and
s-triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline in CDCl3 and
(CD3)2SO solution was carried out. Measurements were made
over a range of temperatures, and multiple-resonance experiments carried out as
aids to the confirmation of assignments. The peaks in the spectrum
corresponding to H8 were observed to show non-first-order effects, arising from
long-range coupling to H4, which were dependent upon the temperature at which
the spectrum was obtained. It was found that these effects arose from the
variation in the relatively small chemical shift between H6 and H9 and
furthermore that the experimental splitting pattern could be used to determine
the relative signs of J4,6 and J4,8. Confirmation was
obtained that these two coupling constants have the same relative sign.
The E.S.R. spectra of the radical anions of some alkyl-substituted diaza compounds
Authors: Hay RS , Pomery PJ
Published: September 2010

The radical anions of
2,3-dimethylpyrazine and 2,5-di-t-butyl-3-isopropyipyrazine have been prepared
by reducing the parent compound with metallic potassium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane
(dme). The e.s.r. spectra were recorded at various
temperatures and analysed. For 2,3-dimethylpyrazine the analysis yields
information on the structure of the ion pair and the experimental hyperfine splittings give satisfactory agreement with calculated
values. In the case of 2,5-di-t-butyl-3-isopropylpyrazine the e.s.r. analysis leads
to information concerning the stereospecificity of the B proton of the
isopropyl group.
Depsidone synthesis. III. Grayanic acid
Authors: Djura P , Sargent MV
Published: September 2010

The structure of the lichen
depsidone grayanic acid (1)
(6-heptyl-8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-methyl-11- oxo-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepin-7-carboxylic
acid) proposed by Shibata and Chiang was confirmed by the synthesis firstly of
methyl O-methylgrayanate (19), and
then of grayanic acid itself. The key step in both
syntheses was an Ullmann reaction.
Depsidone synthesis. IV. Caloploicin
Authors: Sargent MV , Vogel P
Published: September 2010

The synthesis of the lichen
depsidone caloploicin (2,4,7-trichloro-3-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,6,9-
trimethyldibenzo[b,e][l,4]dioxepin-11-one) (1) by oxidative coupling of
5'-chloro-2,2',4-trihydroxy-4- methoxy-3',6,6'-trimethylbenzophenone (23), and
subsequent steps, is described.
Flash thermolysis of thioformanilides
Authors: Brown RFC , Coddington JM , Rae ID , Wright GJ
Published: September 2010

Flash thermolysis of
several thioformanilides at approximately 700� gives
good yields of aromatic nitriles.
The thermal decomposition of simple carbonate esters
Authors: Cross JTD , Hunter R , Stimson VR
Published: September 2010

Dimethyl carbonate does not
decompose at temperatures up to 390�. At 300-400� ethyl methyl, diethyl, ethyl
propyl and dipropyl carbonates yield carbon dioxide, the alkene and the alcohol
at similar rates with E (kJ mol-1) 182.0, 195.0, 181.6, 182.0 and
log A (s-1) 11.72, 13.06,
11.89, 11.97, respectively. With ethyl propyl carbonate, ethylene is the
slightly favoured alkene.