bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining differential expression, chromosomal and pathway analyses for the molecular characterization of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Furge Kyle A. , Dykema Karl , Petillo David , Westphal Michael , Zhang Zhongfa , Kort Eric J. , Teh Bin Tean
Published: October 2016

Using high-throughput gene-expression profiling technology, we can now gaina better understanding of the complex biology that is taking place in cancer cells. This complexity is largely dictated by the abnormal genetic makeup ofthe cancer cells. This abnormal genetic makeup can have profound effectson cellular activities such as cell growth, cell survival and other regulatory processes. Based on the pattern of gene expression, or molecular signatures of the tumours, we can distinguish or subclassify different types of cancers according to their cell of origin, behaviour, and the way they respond to therapeuticagents and radiation. These approaches will lead to better molecularsubclassification of tumours, the basis of personalized medicine. We have, todate, done whole-genome microarray gene-expression profiling on several hundredsof kidney tumours. We adopt a combined bioinformatic approach, based on an integrative analysis of the gene-expression data. These data are used toidentify both cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular pathways that are deregulatedin renal cell carcinoma (RCC). For example, we have identified the deregulationof the VHL-hypoxia pathway in clear-cell RCC, as previously known,and the c-Myc pathway in aggressive papillary RCC. Besides the more commonclear-cell, papillary and chromophobe RCCs, we are currently characterizingthe molecular signatures of rarer forms of renal neoplasia such ascarcinoma of the collecting ducts, mixed epithelial and stromal tumours, chromosomeXp11 translocations associated with papillary RCC, renal medullarycarcinoma, mucinous tubular and spindle-cell carcinoma, and a group of unclassified tumours. Continued development and improvement in the field of molecular profiling will better characterize cancer and provide more accurate diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of drug response.
Cryptorchidism and its impact on male fertility: a state of art review of current literature
Authors: Chung Eric , Brock Gerald B.
Published: October 2016

Cryptorchidism is associated with impairment of germ cellmaturation and subsequent infertility in adulthood. The presentreport details common scenarios of referral of men with prior historyof cryptorchidism and orchidopexy seeking advice for infertility,and examines the association between cyrptorchidism and maleinfertility. The increase in the understanding of the hormonalprofiles and patho-physiological changes in germ cell maturationin cryptorchid boys may potentially change our approach andmanagement strategies. Improvement in sperm retrieval techniquesand micromanipulation techniques, such as intracytoplasmic sperminjection, has led to excellent fertilization and pregnancy outcomesof treatment cycles.
The deep vein thrombosis caused by lymphocele after endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection
Authors: Park Seung Chol , Lee Jea Whan , Park Soon-A , Lee Young Hwan , So Byung-Jun , Rim Joung Sik
Published: October 2016

Pelvic lymphocele is a postoperative complications than can resultafter endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy and pelviclymph node dissection. Radical prostatectomy have many risk factorsof deep vein thrombosis including location of target organ,malignancy, old age, Trendelenburg position, pelvic lymph nodedissection, and long procedure time. A 57-year-old man with alocalized prostate cancer was treated with endoscopic extraperitonealradical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Deepvein thrombosis was detected as a first sign of pelvic lymphocele.Lymphocele was managed with a percutaneous drainage withoutsclerosant. We report a case of deep vein thrombosis due to pelviclymphocele after endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy.
Systemic therapy for patients with advanced, unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: moving to guidelines
Authors: Hotte Sebastien J. , Kapoor Anil K.
Published: October 2016

Until recently, patients with advanced, unresectable or metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) had very few therapeutic options. Cytokine therapy, consistingmainly of interferon-a and interleukin-2, was considered the mainstay of therapy. A better understanding of the biology of RCC has led to the development of novel therapeutic agents that target angiogenesis. Inactivation of thevon Hippel-Lindau tumour-suppressor gene VHL, which is present in the vast majority of clear-cell RCC tumours, leads to overexpression of the vascular endothelial growth factor, which in turn promotes angiogenesis. Recent observationsfrom a number of positive studies with agents such as sunitinib malate, sorafenib, temsirolimus and bevacizumab have led to a rapid and exciting change in the standard of care for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. This article reviews these agents in the context of their use in clinical practiceand provides suggestions about the appropriateness of various agents inspecific clinical situations.
Role of frozen section analysis of testicular/paratesticular fibrous pseudotumours: a five-case experience
Authors: Gordetsky Jennifer , Findeis-Hosey Jennifer , Erturk Erdal , Messing Edward M. , Yao Jorge L. , Miyamoto Hiroshi
Published: October 2016

Background: Fibrous pseudotumours of the testicular and paratesticulartissues are fibroinflammatory reactive lesions that canclinically mimic neoplasms. Very little is known about the role offrozen section analysis (FSA) for these lesions in terms of intraoperativesurgical management.Methods: We recently experienced 5 patients with testicular/paratesticularfibrous pseudotumours in whom frozen sections wereused to demonstrate its non-neoplastic nature prior to the decisionfor radical surgery.Results: In 2 cases, FSA resulted in testicular-sparing surgery. Incontrast, the remaining 3 cases ultimately underwent radical orchiectomy,due to questionable viability of the testicle involved byinflammatory/infiltrative lesions and in 1 case a slight possibilityof lymphoproliferative malignancy.Conclusion: Urologists should be aware of this entity and its grossfeatures, such as firm masses and diffuse fibrous proliferation encasingthe testicle to help determine intraoperative management. Inselect cases, intraoperative FSA is helpful in obviating radicalorchiectomy.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy after fluoroquinolone resistant Escherichia coli sepsis following a transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy
Authors: Park Seung Chol , Lee Jea Whan , Rim Joung Sik
Published: October 2016

The incidence of febrile urinary tract infection after transrectalultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy has been reported to rangefrom 0.1% to 7%, with Escherichia coli being the most commonorganism identified. The conventional wisdom is to recommendan interval of more than 4 to 6 weeks after the transrectal prostatebiopsy before treating patients with radical prostatectomy. Thisallows time for resolution of the biopsy-induced inflammation,which might complicate the surgical planes for dissection. Wepresent a 58-year-old man with an elevated prostate-specific antigen,who developed near-fatal sepsis following transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy despite quinolone prophylaxis.The patient underwent a robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy31 days after the prostate biopsy.
Necrotizing fasciitis following transobturator tape procedure: a case report and literature review
Authors: Lee Kwang Yeom , Sim Jae Ang , Lee Sheen Woo , Kim Tae Beom , Yoon San Jin , Park Kyung Seo , Kim Khae-Hawn
Published: October 2016

A 51-year-old diabetic woman was referred to our unit with ahistory of increasing pain in her right thigh and gait disturbance,10 days following surgery for treatment of stress urinary incontinencewith a transobturator tape. Examination elicited a tenderright thigh associated with swelling and erythema. Inspection ofthe vagina revealed an exposed mesh through the vaginal erosion.Plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging revealed largethigh abscesses suggestive of gas gangrene from the pelvis to thecalf. The mesh was completely removed; extensile incisions, aswell as aggressive debridement of all necrotic tissue in the thighand calf, were performed. A diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis withgas extending to the lower leg level was confirmed. After meshremoval, abscess drainage and debridement, the patient recoveredwith antibiotics and daily wound care. Three months afterthe operation, the patient showed no recurrence of the infection.
Furthering the prostate cancer screening debate (prostate cancer specific mortality and associated risks)
Authors: Allan G. Michael , Chetner Michael P. , Donnelly Bryan J. , Hagen Neil A. , Ross David , Ruether J. Dean , Venner Peter
Published: October 2016

Screening for prostate cancer remains a contentious issue. As withother cancer screening programs, a key feature of the debate isverification of cancer-specific mortality reductions. Unfortunatelythe present evidence, two systematic reviews and six randomizedcontrolled trials, have reported conflicting results. Furthermore, halfof the studies are poor quality and the evidence is clouded by keyweaknesses, including poor adherence to screening in the interventionarm or high rates of screening in the control arm. In highquality studies of prostate cancer screening (particularly prostatespecificantigen), in which actual compliance was anticipated inthe study design, there is good evidence that prostate cancer mortalityis reduced. The numbers needed to screen are at least as goodas those of mammography for breast cancer and fecal occult bloodtesting for colo-rectal cancer. However, the risks associated withprostate cancer screening are considerable and must be weighedagainst the advantage of reduced cancer-specific mortality. Adverseevents include 70% rate of false positives, important risks associatedwith prostate biopsy, and the serious consequences of prostatecancer treatment. The best evidence demonstrates prostate cancerscreening will reduce prostate cancer mortality. It is time for thedebate to move beyond this issue, and begin a well-informed discussionon the remaining complex issues associated with prostatecancer screening and appropriate management.
A simple technique for ureteral orifice dilatation in rigid ureterorenoscopy for distal ureteral stones
Authors: Özer Cevahir
Published: October 2016

We describe a simple technique for ureteral orificedilatation before rigid ureterorenoscopy for distalureteral stones.
Leiomyosarcoma of the epididymis: 2 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Yuen Victor T.H. , Kirby Shane D. , Woo Young Chi
Published: October 2016

Paratesticular leiomyosarcomas are rare. We report two cases ofleiomyosarcoma of the epididymis diagnosed and treated in aregional community hospital in Canada in 2009 and 2010. Bothpatients were males of ages 58 and 75, respectively. They presentedwith painless masses which, on ultrasonography, appeared to besolid masses demonstrating blood flow. Each patient underwenttrans-scrotal resection of the affected epididymis. Pathologicalexamination of trans-scrotal epididymectomy specimens confirmedthe diagnosis of high-grade leiomyosarcoma. Leiomyosarcoma isan important differential diagnosis for paratesticular masses in theelderly male; the primary treatment is radical inguinal orchiectomywith high ligation of the spermatic cord.
Capsaicin may slow PSA doubling time: case report and literature review
Authors: Jankovic Bojana , Loblaw D. Andrew , Nam Robert
Published: October 2016

Capsaicin is the main pungent component of chili peppers. Thisis the first case, to our knowledge, that describes prostatespecificantigen (PSA) stabilization in a patient with prostate cancer,who had biochemical failure after radiation therapy. A 66-year-old male underwent radiotherapy treatment for a T2b, Gleason7 (3+4) adenocarcinoma of the prostate, with a PSA level of13.3 ng/mL in April 2001. He had 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapyof 46 Gy in 23 fractions to the prostate and pelvis, and aprostate boost of 30 Gy in 15 fractions. Radiotherapy was completedin May 2001 and PSA nadired in January 2002 (0.57). Dueto the continued PSA rise, the patient was started on bicalutamide(50 mg orally, daily) and leuprolide acetate (1 dose of 22.5 mgintramuscularly) in July 2005 when PSA was 38.5 ng/mL. Due topoor tolerance of androgen ablation therapy, the patient discontinuedtreatment and started taking 2.5 mL of habaneros chilisauce, containing capsaicin, 1 to 2 times a week in April 2006.Prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSAdt) increased from4 weeks before capsaicin to 7.3 months by October 2006. FromOctober 2006 until November 2007, the patient remained oncapsaicin (2.5 to 15 mL daily) and his PSA was stable (between11 to 14 ng/mL). By January 2008, his PSA rose to 22.3 and hehas maintained a PSAdt between 4 and 5 months, where it presentlyremains. Due to the patient’s continued PSA rise, he was restartedon bicalutamide (12.5 mg daily). Apart from PSA relapse, the patientremains free of signs or symptoms of recurrence.
The CUA extending its reach
Authors: Chin Joseph L.
Published: October 2016

CUA News-October 2012
Bone health in the prostate cancer patient receiving androgen deprivation therapy: a review of present and future management options
Authors: Egerdie Blair , Saad Fred
Published: October 2016

Osteoporosis and bone fractures are frequently overlooked complicationsof androgen deprivation therapy in men with nonmetastaticprostate cancer. All such patients should have their bone mineraldensity (BMD) monitored and be offered preventive measures,such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation; patients withlow BMD should be offered treatment. Several agents, includingbisphosphonates, are available (although this use is currently offlabel),and upcoming treatments, such as denosumab and toremifene,have shown promise in reducing fracture risk in these patients.L’ostéoporose et les fractures osseuses sont des complications souventnégligées du traitement antiandrogénique chez les hommesatteints d’un cancer de la prostate non métastatique. La teneurminérale des os de ces patients devrait être surveillée, et des mesurespréventives, comme la prise de suppléments de calcium et de vita -mine D, devraient être offertes. Les patients présentant une faibleteneur minérale des os devraient se voir offrir un traitement approprié.Plusieurs agents, y compris des bisphosphonates, sont offertssur le marché (quoique cette indication ne soit pas officiellementapprouvée à l’heure actuelle), et des traitements en cours d’étude,comme le dénosumab et le torémifène, se sont révélés prometteursdans la réduction du risque de fracture chez ces patients.
Management of hepatic granulomatous tuberculosis complicating intravesical BCG for superficial bladder cancer
Authors: Fradet Vincent , Gaudreau Christiane , Perrotte Paul , Côté Jean , Paquin Jean-Marie
Published: October 2016

Intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is the most effective treatmentfor high-risk superficial bladder cancer. Severe systemic complications are rare, but may occur in approximately 1% of cases. We report a severe complicationof intravesical BCG: a disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infectionwith biopsy-proven granulomatous hepatitis in a patient with bladder cancer. We also elaborate on the different management alternatives.
Intrapouch injections of botulinum toxin type A for the management of unit contractions of a continent urinary diversion
Authors: Gharajeh Arash , Steele Stephen S. , Siemens D. Robert
Published: October 2016

A 43-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain associated with incontinence from her Indiana pouch continent urinary diversion due to significantunit contractions. The patient’s symptoms were refractory to conservative management, including oral and intrapouch antimuscarinic agents. Prior to surgical reconstruction, a trial of intrapouch injections of botulinum toxintype A (BT-A) significantly improved both the abdominal pain and the incontinence. The benefit lasted about 6 months and was subsequently repeated for recurrent symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of the management of complications of a continent urinary diversion with BT-A injections.
Burkholderia cepacia infection of the prostate caused by inoculation ofcontaminated ultrasound gel during transrectal biopsy of the prostate
Authors: Organ Michael , Grantmyre John , Hutchinson Jim
Published: October 2016

Burkholderia cepacia infection of the prostate is very rare. Wereport 6 cases of prostatic infection secondary to inoculation ofcontaminated ultrasound gel during transrectal biopsy of the prostate.All of these patients required hospitalization and were treatedwith intravenous antibiotics. One of these cases is the first descriptionof chronic prostatitis with B. cepacia.
Omental metastasis with malignant ascites: an unusual manifestation of prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Madaan, Sanjeev , Palit Victor , Gudgeon Patricia , Biyani Chandra Shekhar
Published: October 2016

Omental metastasis with malignant ascites from prostatic adenocarcinoma israre. This case report is about a patient who presented with a 24-hour historyof a swollen right leg. Clinical examination revealed a hard prostate and bloodbiochemistry demonstrated an elevated prostate specific antigen level. A Dopplerultrasound scan excluded deep venous thrombosis, but a CT scan of the abdomen revealed marked para-aortic lymphadenopathy and prostate gland biopsy confirmedprostatic adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with goserelin. Three years later, he presented with ascites and an omental mass. Histology of theomental mass showed metastasis from the prostatic adenocarcinoma. He was treated with second-line hormonal therapy but died after 4 months. We discuss the clinical progression, with a review of the literature.
A practical guide to diagnosis, management and treatment of testosterone deficiency for Canadian physicians
Authors: Morales Alvaro , Bella Anthony J. , Chun Samuel , Lee Jay , Assimakopoulos Peter , Bebb Richard , Gottesman Irv , Alarie Pierre , Dugré Hélène , Elliott Stacy
Published: October 2016

The percentage of men receiving appropriate management fortestosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) is small in comparisonto prevalence estimates. This is despite linkages to cardiovasculardisease, osteoporosis, diabetes, sexual function, sarcopenia, emotionalwell-being and the metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, theavailability of guidelines has not significantly enhanced the care ofTDS patients. A multidisciplinary group of medical experts soughtto improve the management of testosterone-deficient patients byCanadian physicians. This report describes their conclusions anddefines an algorithm for appropriate TDS management.Le pourcentage d’hommes recevant une prise en charge appropriéepour un syndrome de carence en testostérone est faible en comparaisonavec les taux de prévalence évalués, et ce, malgré le lienentre ce syndrome et les maladies cardiovasculaires, l’ostéoporose,le diabète, la fonction sexuelle, la sarcopénie, le bien-être émotionnelet le syndrome métabolique. Par ailleurs, la publicationde guides de pratique n’a pas amélioré de façon significativeles soins offerts aux patients atteints du syndrome de carence entestostérone. Une équipe multidisciplinaire de médecins a tentéd’améliorer la prise en charge des patients atteints de ce syndromepar les médecins canadiens. Le présent rapport décrit leurs conclusionset propose un algorithme de prise en charge.
Histological changes in the human prostate after radiotherapy and salvage high intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Chalasani Venu , Martinez Carlos H. , Williams Andrew K. , Kwan Kevin , Chin Joseph L.
Published: October 2016

The histological changes (both macroscopic and microscopic) in theprostate following the combination of external beam radiotherapyand salvage high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) have notbeen previously described. This article describes the case of a65-year-old male who presented with recurrent localized prostatecancer after undergoing external beam radiotherapy for low-riskprostate cancer. He was treated with salvage HIFU, and 4 weekslater presented with symptoms and signs consistent with a prostatorectalfistula. During a period of conservative management, hisserum prostate-specific antigen levels started rising after havingreached a nadir. A radical cystoprostatectomy and repair of fistulawere performed after conservative management failed. Histologicalchanges of dense fibrosis were noted in the region where theprostate should have been located. A literature review of thehistological findings in the prostate after HIFU is discussed in thisarticle, as well as the available evidence for the management ofpatients with local failure after the combination of external beamradiotherapy and salvage HIFU.
Primary testicular mucinous neoplasms: case report and literature review
Authors: Elliott Jason E , Klein Julianne R.H. , Drachenberg Darrel E
Published: October 2016

Testicular epithelial mucinous tumours are an extremely rare, butinteresting form of testicular neoplasm. We reviewed the medicalliterature using PubMed search terms: testis, mucinous cystadenoma,mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, neoplasms and testicularneoplasms. We describe a case from our institution and provide areview of the literature. Only 11 previously reported cases of mucinoustesticular tumours have been reported in the English literature.The natural history of these tumours is poorly understood, due totheir rarity, but it appears that, like their ovarian counterparts, theyhave an excellent prognosis. Exclusion of metastasis is an importantpoint for the urologist when encountering a mucinous testiculartumour, as metastatic cystic lesions may mimic a primary mucinoustumour. We describe a case of ossified testicular mucinoustumour of low malignant potential. Such tumours are commonin the ovary, but arise very rarely in the testicle. The clinical andhistological features of this tumour are presented, and previouslyreported cases are reviewed to highlight important clinical features.
Incidentally detected bilaterally symmetrical seminal and vas calcification in young infertile male: a case report, literature review and algorithm for diagnosis
Authors: Yadav Rahul , Goel Apul , Sankhwar Satya N. , Goyal Neeraj Kumar
Published: October 2016

Bilateral seminal and vas calcification is not common, especially in young age. Association with many disease conditions has been described, with diabetes mellitus being the most common association. A 34-year-old man presented with primary infertility and right upper ureteric calculus. His evaluation revealed extensive, bilateral seminal and vas calcification with normal semen analysis and firsttime detected diabetes mellitus. His female partner was evaluated and found to have bilateral fallopian tubes blockage. We reviewed the literature and present here the algorithm for diagnosis of such patients, along with details of this particular patient.
Vaginal entrapment of bathwater: a source of extra-urethral incontinence
Authors: Psooy Karen , Archambault Jason P.
Published: October 2016

This report presents 2 cases of females (a prepubertal and a premenopausalfemale) with dribbling “incontinence” caused by vaginalentrapment of bathwater. In the first case, an 8-year-old girlpresented with a history of bothersome wetness of her underwear,noted mainly in the morning. History revealed that she bathedalmost nightly. She was instructed to shower or bath only, eachfor one week. The wetting occurred only after bathing. In the secondcase, a 39-year-old female, G2P2 with normal genitalia notedoccasional, yet significant, dribbling into her underwear only afterbaths. She concluded this to be bathwater accumulating in hervagina, which she evacuates digitally. The differential diagnosisof dribbling incontinence in females of any age should include theextra-urethral cause of entrapped fluids of immersion. Although thiscondition may be rare, it is simple to rule out on history based onits temporal association with fluid immersion. Once diagnosed,the management is behavioural.
Intravesical migration of an intrauterine device detected in a pregnant woman
Authors: Tosun Migraci , Celik Handan , Yavuz Erhan , Çetinkaya Mehmet B.
Published: October 2016

The intrauterine device (IUD) is common method of contraceptionamong women because of its low cost and high efficacy.Perforations are possible; most perforations occur at the time ofinsertion, yet the complication can occur with a previously insertedIUD. Perforation of the bladder by an IUD is extremely rare. Inthis report, we present a case in which the IUD perforated theuterus and migrated to the bladder. At the time of the diagnosis,the patient was 8 weeks pregnant.
Diabetes regulates fructose absorption through thioredoxin-interacting protein
Authors: Dotimas James R , Lee Austin W , Schmider Angela B , Carroll Shannon H , Shah Anu , Bilen Julide , Elliott Kayla R , Myers Ronald B , Soberman Roy J , Yoshioka Jun , Lee Richard T
Published: October 2016

Metabolic studies suggest that the absorptive capacity of the small intestine for fructose is limited, though the molecular mechanisms controlling this process remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), which regulates glucose homeostasis in mammals, binds to fructose transporters and promotes fructose absorption by the small intestine. Deletion of Txnip in mice reduced fructose transport into the peripheral bloodstream and liver, as well as the severity of adverse metabolic outcomes resulting from long-term fructose consumption. We also demonstrate that fructose consumption induces expression of Txnip in the small intestine. Diabetic mice had increased expression of Txnip in the small intestine as well as enhanced fructose uptake and transport into the hepatic portal circulation. The deletion of Txnip in mice abolished the diabetes-induced increase in fructose absorption. Our results indicate that Txnip is a critical regulator of fructose metabolism and suggest that a diabetic state can promote fructose uptake.
An excitatory cortical feedback loop gates retinal wave transmission in rodent thalamus
Authors: Murata Yasunobu , Colonnese Matthew T
Published: October 2016

Spontaneous retinal waves are critical for the development of receptive fields in visual thalamus (LGN) and cortex (VC). Despite a detailed understanding of the circuit specializations in retina that generate waves, whether central circuit specializations also exist to control their propagation through visual pathways of the brain is unknown. Here we identify a developmentally transient, corticothalamic amplification of retinal drive to thalamus as a mechanism for retinal wave transmission in the infant rat brain. During the period of retinal waves, corticothalamic connections excite LGN, rather than driving feedforward inhibition as observed in the adult. This creates an excitatory feedback loop that gates retinal wave transmission through the LGN. This cortical multiplication of retinal wave input ends just prior to eye-opening, as cortex begins to inhibit LGN. Our results show that the early retino-thalamo-cortical circuit uses developmentally specialized feedback amplification to ensure powerful, high-fidelity transmission of retinal activity despite immature connectivity.
Dynamics of mTORC1 activation in response to amino acids
Authors: Manifava Maria , Smith Matthew , Rotondo Sergio , Walker Simon , Niewczas Izabella , Zoncu Roberto , Clark Jonathan , Ktistakis Nicholas T
Published: October 2016

Amino acids are essential activators of mTORC1 via a complex containing RAG GTPases, RAGULATOR and the vacuolar ATPase. Sensing of amino acids causes translocation of mTORC1 to lysosomes, an obligate step for activation. To examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of this translocation, we used live imaging of the mTORC1 component RAPTOR and a cell permeant fluorescent analogue of di-leucine methyl ester. Translocation to lysosomes is a transient event, occurring within 2 min of aa addition and peaking within 5 min. It is temporally coupled with fluorescent leucine appearance in lysosomes and is sustained in comparison to aa stimulation. Sestrin2 and the vacuolar ATPase are negative and positive regulators of mTORC1 activity in our experimental system. Of note, phosphorylation of canonical mTORC1 targets is delayed compared to lysosomal translocation suggesting a dynamic and transient passage of mTORC1 from the lysosomal surface before targetting its substrates elsewhere.
Catching a wave
Authors: Fogerson P Michelle , Huguenard John R
Published: October 2016

Temporary circuits amplify spontaneous activity in the visual system of neonatal rats.
Patternless light outcoupling enhancement method for top-emission organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Kim Doo-Hoon , Lee Ho-Nyeon
Published: October 2016

An increase of 65% in the luminous flux of a top-emission organic light-emitting diode (TE-OLED) was obtained by fabricating a stacked N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine (NPB) (0.2 µm)/CaF2 (2.5 µm) light outcoupling layer on the TE-OLED. The high-refractive-index NPB layer extracted the trapped light energy in the TE-OLED for input into the light outcoupling layer and protected the top cathode of the TE-OLED from damage due to the CaF2 layer. The surface morphology of the CaF2 layer had an irregular shape consisting of randomly dispersed pyramids; the irregular structure scattered the waveguide mode energy into air. By combining the effects of the NPB and CaF2 layers, the external quantum efficiency of the TE-OLED was increased significantly. The light outcoupling layer can be fabricated using a thermal evaporation process without patterning and, hence, provides a practical solution for the enhancement of TE-OLED light outcoupling using a patternless fabrication process.
Controlled-release ofBacillus thurigiensisformulations encapsulated in light-resistant colloidosomal microcapsules for the management of lepidopteran pests ofBrassicacrops
Authors: Bashir Oumar , Claverie Jerome P. , Lemoyne Pierre , Vincent Charles
Published: October 2016

Bacillus thuringiensis(B. t.) based formulations have been widely used to control lepidopteran pests in agriculture and forestry. One of their weaknesses is their short residual activity when sprayed in the field. Using Pickering emulsions, mixtures of spores and crystals from threeB. t.serovars were successfully encapsulated in colloïdosomal microparticles (50 μm) using innocuous chemicals (acrylic particles, sunflower oil, iron oxide nanoparticles, ethanol and water). A pH trigger mechanism was incorporated within the particles so thatB. t.release occurred only at pH > 8.5 which corresponds to the midgut pH of the target pests. Laboratory assays performed onTrichoplusia ni(T. ni) larvae demonstrated that the microencapsulation process did not impairB. t.bioactivity. The best formulations were field-tested on three key lepidopteran pests that attackBrassicacrops, i.e., the imported cabbageworm, the cabbage looper and the diamondback moth. After 12 days, the mean number of larvae was significantly lower in microencapsulated formulations than in a commercialB. t.formulation, and the effect of microencapsulated formulations was comparable to a chemical pesticide (lambda-cyhalothrin). Therefore, colloïdosomal microcapsule formulations successfully extend the bioactivity ofB. t.for the management of lepidopteran pests ofBrassicacrops.
Effect of orthodontic debonding and residual adhesive removal on 3D enamel microroughness
Authors: Janiszewska-Olszowska Joanna , Tomkowski Robert , Tandecka Katarzyna , Stepien Piotr , Szatkiewicz Tomasz , Sporniak-Tutak Katarzyna , Grocholewicz Katarzyna
Published: October 2016

Background

Termination of fixed orthodontic treatment is associated with bracket debonding and residual adhesive removal. These procedures increase enamel roughness to a degree that should depend on the tool used. Enamel roughening may be associated with bacterial retention and staining. However, a very limited data exists on the alteration of 3D enamel roughness resulting from the use of different tools for orthodontic clean-up.

Aims

1. To perform a precise assessment of 3D enamel surface roughness resulting from residual adhesive removal following orthodontic debonding molar tubes.

2. To compare enamel surfaces resulting from the use of tungsten carbide bur, a one-step polisher and finisher and Adhesive Residue Remover.

Material and Methods

Buccal surfaces of forty-five extracted human third molars were analysed using a confocal laser microscope at the magnification of 1080× and 3D roughness parameters were calculated. After 20 s etching, molar tubes were bonded, the teeth were stored in 0.9% saline solution for 24 hours and debonded. Residual adhesive was removed using in fifteen specimen each: a twelve-fluted tungsten carbide bur, a one-step finisher and polisher and Adhesive Residue Remover. Then, surface roughness analysis was repeated. Data normality was assessed using Shapiro–Wilk test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare between variables of normal distribution and for the latter—Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results

Sa (arithmetical mean height) was significantly different between the groups (p= 0, 01326); the smoothest and most repeatable surfaces were achieved using Adhesive Residue Remover. Similarly, Sq (root mean square height of the scale-limited surface) had the lowest and most homogenous values for Adhesive Residue Remover (p= 0, 01108). Sz (maximum height of the scale-limited surface) was statistically different between the groups (p= 0, 0327), however no statistically significant differences were found concerning Ssk (skewness of the scale-limited surface).

Discussion

Confocal laser microscopy allowed 3D surface analysis of enamel surface, avoiding the limitations of contact profilometry. Tungsten carbide burs are the most popular adhesive removing tools, however, the results of the present study indicate, that a one step polisher and finisher as well as Adhesive Residue Remover are less detrimental to the enamel. This is in agreement with a recent study based on direct 3D scanning enamel surface. It proved, that a one-step finisher and polisher as well as Adhesive Residue Remover are characterized by a similar effectiveness in removing residual remnants as tungsten carbide bur, but they remove significantly less enamel.

Conclusion

Orthodontic debonding and removal of adhesive remnants increases enamel roughness. The smoothest surfaces were achieved using Adhesive Residue Remover, and the roughest using tungsten carbide bur.
Form and function of long-range vocalizations in a Neotropical fossorial rodent: the Anillaco Tuco-Tuco (Ctenomyssp.)
Authors: Amaya Juan Pablo , Areta Juan I. , Valentinuzzi Veronica S. , Zufiaurre Emmanuel
Published: October 2016

The underground environment poses particular communication challenges for subterranean rodents. Some loud and low-pitched acoustic signals that can travel long distances are appropriate for long-range underground communication and have been suggested to be territorial signals. Long-range vocalizations (LRVs) are important in long-distance communication inCtenomystuco-tucos. We characterized the LRV of the Anillaco Tuco-Tuco (Ctenomyssp.) using recordings from free-living individuals and described the behavioral context in which this vocalization was produced during laboratory staged encounters between individuals of both sexes. Long-range calls of Anillaco tuco-tucos are low-frequency, broad-band, loud, and long sounds composed by the repetition of two syllable types: series (formed by notes and soft-notes) and individual notes. All vocalizations were initiated with series, but not all had individual notes. Males were heavier than females and gave significantly lower-pitched vocalizations, but acoustic features were independent of body mass in males. The pronounced variation among individuals in the arrangement and number of syllables and the existence of three types of series (dyads, triads, and tetrads), created a diverse collection of syntactic patterns in vocalizations that would provide the opportunity to encode multiple types of information. The existence of complex syntactic patterns and the description of soft-notes represent new aspects of the vocal communication ofCtenomys. Long-distance vocalizations by Anillaco Tuco-Tucos appear to be territorial signals used mostly in male-male interactions. First, emission of LRVs resulted in de-escalation or space-keeping in male-male and male-female encounters in laboratory experiments. Second, these vocalizations were produced most frequently (in the field and in the lab) by males in our study population. Third, males produced LRVs with greater frequency during male-male encounters compared to male-female encounters. Finally, males appear to have larger home ranges that were more spatially segregated than those of females, suggesting that males may have greater need for long-distance signals that advertise their presence. Due to their apparent rarity, the function and acoustic features of LRV in female tuco-tucos remain inadequately known.
Monte Carlo simulation of OLS and linear mixed model inference of phenotypic effects on gene expression
Authors: Walker Jeffrey A.
Published: October 2016

Background

Self-contained tests estimate and test the association between a phenotype and mean expression level in a gene set defineda priori. Many self-contained gene set analysis methods have been developed but the performance of these methods for phenotypes that are continuous rather than discrete and with multiple nuisance covariates has not been well studied. Here, I use Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the performance of both novel and previously published (and readily available via R) methods for inferring effects of a continuous predictor on mean expression in the presence of nuisance covariates. The motivating data are a high-profile dataset which was used to show opposing effects of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being (or happiness) on the mean expression level of a set of genes that has been correlated with social adversity (the CTRA gene set). The original analysis of these data used a linear model (GLS) of fixed effects with correlated error to infer effects ofHedoniaandEudaimoniaon mean CTRA expression.

Methods

The standardized effects ofHedoniaandEudaimoniaon CTRA gene set expression estimated by GLS were compared to estimates using multivariate (OLS) linear models and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. The OLS estimates were tested using O’Brien’s OLS test, Anderson’s permutation ${r}_{F}^{2}$-test, two permutationF-tests (including GlobalAncova), and a rotationz-test (Roast). The GEE estimates were tested using a Wald test with robust standard errors. The performance (Type I, II, S, and M errors) of all tests was investigated using a Monte Carlo simulation of data explicitly modeled on the re-analyzed dataset.

Results

GLS estimates are inconsistent between data sets, and, in each dataset, at least one coefficient is large and highly statistically significant. By contrast, effects estimated by OLS or GEE are very small, especially relative to the standard errors. Bootstrap and permutation GLS distributions suggest that the GLS results in downward biased standard errors and inflated coefficients. The Monte Carlo simulation of error rates shows highly inflated Type I error from the GLS test and slightly inflated Type I error from the GEE test. By contrast, Type I error for all OLS tests are at the nominal level. The permutationF-tests have ∼1.9X the power of the other OLS tests. This increased power comes at a cost of high sign error (∼10%) if tested on small effects.

Discussion

The apparently replicated pattern of well-being effects on gene expression is most parsimoniously explained as “correlated noise” due to the geometry of multiple regression. The GLS for fixed effects with correlated error, or any linear mixed model for estimating fixed effects in designs with many repeated measures or outcomes, should be used cautiously because of the inflated Type I and M error. By contrast, all OLS tests perform well, and the permutationF-tests have superior performance, including moderate power for very small effects.
LA ASISTENCIA RELIGIOSA A LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS EN AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors:   Universidad de Jaén (España), López-Sidro López Ángel
Published: October 2016

La asistencia religiosa a las Fuerzas Armadas en América Latina hunde sus raíces en su tradición hispano-católica, y se mantuvo en los nuevos países surgidos en los procesos de independencia del siglo XIX. La posterior erección de Vicariatos Castrenses, convertidos en Obispados después de la promulgación de la Constitución Apostólica Spirituali Militum Curae, ha sido posible por vía concordataria en la mayoría de los casos, salvo en aquellos estados que han adoptado un modelo laicista en sus constituciones. Actualmente la asistencia religiosa castrense se consolida y se abre a otras confesiones religiosas distintas a la católica, porque se da prioridad a la garantía del derecho de libertad religiosa por encima de la separación Iglesia-Estado.
PAPA FRANCISCO, ISLAM Y EL ESTADO "ISLÁMICO": FORJANDO UN CAMINO A LA PAZ A TRAVÉS DE UN COMPLEJO PANORAMA JURÍDICO, POLÍTICO Y RELIGIOSO
Authors:   Priests for Life/Gospel of Life Ministries -International Center for Law, Life, Faith and Family, Strickland Geoffrey
Published: October 2016

Una dificultad para captar.. el terrorismo geopolítico llevado a cabo por el auto llamado “Estado” que proclama ser “islámico” es la visión política, jurídica y religiosa entramada que hay detrás, y las implicancias que se siguen de ello. Este artículo intentará identificar algunos de los desafíos jurídico-religiosos que posee este fenómeno, y la responsabilidad diplomática del Papa Francisco en la misma
QUANDO LA PAROLA FERISCE BLASFEMIA E INCITAMENTO ALL’ODIO RELIGIOSO NELLA SOCIETÀ CONTEMPORANEA, C. CIANITTO.
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Published: October 2016

QUANDO LA PAROLA FERISCE BLASFEMIA E INCITAMENTO ALLâ€™ODIO RELIGIOSO NELLA SOCIETÁ CONTEMPORANEA
Successful Laparoscopic Treatment for Refractory Rectovaginal Fistula of Behçet's Disease: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Inada Ryo , Oishi Masaharu , Matsumoto Tomoko , Iwamoto Shigeyoshi , Michiura Taku , Inoue Kentaro , Kon Masanori , Fukui Toshiro , Okazaki Kazuichi , Hamada Madoka
Published: October 2016

Rectovaginal fistula caused by Behçet's disease is extremely rare, and the clinical course is very unfavorable. We describe rectovaginal fistula of Behçet's disease with successful laparoscopic treatment and review the literature. A 30-year-old woman with Behçet's disease was diagnosed with rectovaginal fistula and treated medically after fecal diversion colostomy. However, the fistula remained, and she underwent radical surgery. Laparoscopically, after mobilization of the rectum, the fistula was removed. The rectum was transected on the anal side of the fistula and removed after extraction through the vaginal incision. The vaginal incision was repaired by suturing, and rectal anastomosis was performed using a double-stapling technique. The omentum was fixed between the rectum and vagina, and the operation was completed. Six months after the laparoscopic surgery, no evidence of fistula recurrence has been seen on colonoscopy. We have reported a rare case of rectovaginal fistula of Behçet's disease treated with an altogether new surgical approach that might prove effective for refractory rectovaginal fistula.
Laparoscopically Assisted Reversal of Hartmann's Procedure for Perforated Diverticulitis
Authors: Pu Ta-Wei , Kang Jung-Cheng , Hsiao Cheng-Wen , Wu Chang-Chieh , Jao Shu-Wen , Lee Chia-Cheng , Lee Tsai-Yu , Mo Chih-Yuan , Fu Chun-Yu
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the clinical outcomes of laparoscopically assisted and open surgical reversal of Hartmann's procedure (HR). We reviewed all patients undergoing laparoscopic or open HR at Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, between January 2002 and January 2010. A total of 34 perforated diverticulitis patients initially treated by exploratory laparotomy with Hartmann's procedure were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: laparoscopic and open HR. Data relative to patient age at the time of HR, sex, body mass index, operative time, longest incision length, estimated blood loss, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, time to bowel function return, duration of hospitalization, and length of follow-up were reviewed. The median colostomy closure period was significantly higher in the laparoscopic group than in the open group (P = 0.011). The median longest incision length, estimated blood loss, time to first oral intake, and hospital stay were significantly lower in the laparoscopic group compared with the open group. Laparoscopic HR may be a technically safe, feasible approach that provides better cosmesis, less blood loss, and faster recovery compared with open HR.
Advanced Chemical Reactor Technologies for Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oils - A Review
Authors: Buchori Luqman , Istadi Istadi , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: October 2016

Biodiesel is an alternative biofuel that can replace diesel oil without requiring modifications to the engine and advantageously produces cleaner emissions. Biodiesel can be produced through transesterification process between oil or fat and alcohol to form esters and glycerol. The transesterification can be carried out with or without a catalyst. The catalyzed production of biodiesel can be performed by using homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzyme. Meanwhile, non-catalytic transesterification with supercritical alcohol provides a new way of producing biodiesel. Microwave and ultrasound assisted transesterification significantly can reduce reaction time as well as improve product yields. Another process, a plasma technology is promising for biodiesel synthesis from vegetable oils due to very short reaction time, no soap formation and no glycerol as a by-product. This paper reviews briefly the technologies on transesterification reaction for biodiesel production using homogeneous, heterogeneous, and enzyme catalysts, as well as advanced methods (supercritical, microwave, ultrasonic, and plasma technology). Advantages and disadvantages of each method were described comprehensively.
Oligomerization of C2-C4 Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Ruthenium-Nickel Supported Catalysts
Authors: Toktassyn Raila , Utelbayev B.T. , De Souza M. Oberson , Suleymenov E.N.
Published: October 2016

The oligomerization of C2-C4 light hydrocarbon gasses in the presence of ruthenium and nickel supported catalysts is investigated. Determined selectivity of the catalysts by isooctane. Catalytic properties of the catalysts depend on the supported metals on the carrier. The nature of carrier also affects on reaction selectivity. The ruthenium-nickel supported bimetallic pillared montmorillonite is showed good selectivity to isooctane and value is about 60.8% at conversion 87.0%.
Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Oil-Containing Waste
Authors: Chalov Kirill , Lugovoy Yury , Kosivtsov Yury , Sulman Mikhail , Sulman Esther , Valentina Matveeva Valentina Matveeva , Stepacheva Antonina
Published: October 2016

Basing on the experimental data the optimal parameters of the pyrolysis of heavy and residual hydrocarbons of oil were defined as follows: temperature of 500 °С; catalyst  of CoCl2 with the catalyst loading 5% (wt.) of the substrate weight. Under the optimal conditions the kinetic investigation of the pyrolysis process was carried out using the thermogravimetric method. According to the investigation, it was found that the activation energy of the catalytic pyrolysis of oil-containing waste decreased by 20-30 kJ/mol in comparison to non-catalytic process.