bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cell-type aware regulatory landscapes governing monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis in the medicinal plantCatharanthus roseus
Authors: Li Chenxin , Colinas Maite , Wood Joshua C. , Vaillancourt Brieanne , Hamilton John P. , Jones Sophia L. , Caputi Lorenzo , O’Connor Sarah E. , Buell C. Robin
Published: April 2024

In plants, the biosynthetic pathways of some specialized metabolites are partitioned into specialized or rare cell types, as exemplified by the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (MIA) pathway ofCatharanthus roseus(Madagascar Periwinkle), the source of the anti-cancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. In the leaf, theC. roseusMIA biosynthetic pathway is partitioned into three cell types with the final known steps of the pathway expressed in the rare cell type termed idioblast. How cell-type specificity of MIA biosynthesis is achieved is poorly understood. Here, we generated single-cell multi-omics data fromC. roseusleaves. Integrating gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiles across single cells, as well as transcription factor (TF) binding site profiles, we constructed a cell-type-aware gene regulatory network for MIA biosynthesis. We showcased cell-type-specific transcription factors as well as cell-type-specificcis-regulatory elements. Using motif enrichment analysis, co-expression across cell types, and functional validation approaches, we discovered a novel idioblast specific TF (IdioblastMYB1, CrIDM1) that activates expression of late stage vinca alkaloid biosynthetic genes in the idioblast. These analyses not only led to the discovery of the first documented cell-type-specific TF that regulates the expression of two idioblast specific biosynthetic genes within an idioblast metabolic regulon, but also provides insights into cell-type-specific metabolic regulation.
The biosynthesis of the odorant 2-methylisoborneol is compartmentalized inside a protein shell
Authors: Andreas Michael P. , Giessen Tobias W.
Published: April 2024

Terpenoids are the largest class of natural products, found across all domains of life. One of the most abundant bacterial terpenoids is the volatile odorant 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), partially responsible for the earthy smell of soil and musty taste of contaminated water. Many bacterial 2-MIB biosynthetic gene clusters were thought to encode a conserved transcription factor, named EshA in the model soil bacteriumStreptomyces griseus. Here, we revise the function of EshA, now referred to asSgEnc, and show that it is a Family 2B encapsulin shell protein. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we find thatSgEnc forms an icosahedral protein shell and encapsulates 2-methylisoborneol synthase (2-MIBS) as a cargo protein.SgEnc contains a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) binding domain (CBD)-fold insertion and a unique metal-binding domain, both displayed on the shell exterior. We show thatSgEnc CBDs do not bind cAMP. We find that 2-MIBS cargo loading is mediated by an N-terminal disordered cargo-loading domain and that 2-MIBS activity andSgEnc shell structure are not modulated by cAMP. Our work redefines the function of EshA and establishes Family 2B encapsulins as cargo-loaded protein nanocompartments involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
Ligand efficacy shifts a nuclear receptor conformational ensemble between transcriptionally active and repressive states
Authors: MacTavish Brian , Zhu Di , Shang Jinsai , Shao Qianzhen , Yang Zhongyue J. , Kamenecka Theodore M. , Kojetin Douglas J.
Published: April 2024

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are thought to dynamically alternate between transcriptionally active and repressive conformations, which are stabilized upon ligand binding. Most NR ligand series exhibit limited bias, primarily consisting of transcriptionally active agonists or neutral antagonists, but not repressive inverse agonists—a limitation that restricts understanding of the functional NR conformational ensemble. Here, we report a NR ligand series for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) that spans a pharmacological spectrum from repression (inverse agonism) to activation (agonism) where subtle structural modifications switch compound activity. While crystal structures provide snapshots of the fully repressive state, NMR spectroscopy and conformation-activity relationship analysis reveals that compounds within the series shift the PPARγ conformational ensemble between transcriptionally active and repressive conformations that are populated in the apo/ligand-free ensemble. Our findings reveal a molecular framework for minimal chemical modifications that enhance PPARγ inverse agonism and elucidate their influence on the dynamic PPARγ conformational ensemble.
Ribosome Profiling Reveals Translational Reprogramming via mTOR Activation in Omacetaxine Resistant Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Walker Zachary J. , Vaeth Katherine F. , Baldwin Amber , Ohlstrom Denis J. , Reiman Lauren T. , Idler Beau M. , Stevens Brett M. , Mukherjee Neelanjan , Sherbenou Daniel W.
Published: April 2024

Protein homeostasis is critical to the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. While this is targeted with proteasome inhibitors, mRNA translation inhibition has not entered trials. Recent work illustrates broad sensitivity MM cells to translation inhibitor omacetaxine. We hypothesized that understanding how MM cells become omacetaxine resistant will lead to the development of drug combinations to prevent or delay relapse. We generated omacetaxine resistance in H929 and MM1S MM cell lines and compared them to their parental lines. Resistant lines displayed decreased sensitivity to omacetaxine, with EC50 > 100 nM, compared to parental line sensitivity of 24-54 nM. To adapt to omacetaxine, H929 and MM1S exhibited an increased percentage of multi-nucleated polyaneuploid cells that led to distinct molecular mechanisms of resistance. Interestingly, both resistant lines showed a defect in oncologic potential via extended survival in a MM xenograft model. Since omacetaxine inhibits protein synthesis, we performed both RNA-sequencing and ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) to identify shared and unique regulatory strategies of resistance. Transcripts encoding translation factors and containing Terminal OligoPyrimidine (TOP) motifs in their 5’ UTR were translationally upregulated in both resistant cell lines. The mTOR pathway promotes the translation of TOP motif containing mRNAs. Indeed, mTOR inhibition restored partial sensitivity to omacetaxine in both resistant cell lines. Primary MM cells from patient samples were sensitive to combinations of omacetaxine and mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and Torin 1. These results provide a rational approach for omacetaxine-based combination in patients with multiple myeloma, which have historically shown better responses to multi-agent regimens.
eXtended Reality Enhanced Mental Health Consultation Training
Authors: Hiley Katherine , Mohammad Zanib Bi , Taylor Luke , Dawson Rebecca Burgess- , Patterson Dominic , Puttick Devon , Gay Chris , Hiscoe Janette , Munsch Chris , Richardson Sally , Knowles-Lee Mark , Beecham Celia , Ralph Neil , Chatterjee Arunangsu , Mathew Ryan K , Mushtaq Faisal
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Given the growing societal and healthcare service need for trained mental health and care workers, coupled with the heterogeneity of exposure during training and the shortage of placement opportunities, we explored the feasibility and utility of a novel XR tool for mental health consultation training.

Design

Evaluation of a novel XR training simulation for mental health consultation.

Setting

Mental health and primary care training environments. Including Universities and NHS hospitals.

Participants

A total of 123 participants completed the study, including Mental Health Nursing trainees, General Practitioner Doctors in Training, and students in psychology and medicine.

Interventions

We set out to evaluate a training simulation created through a collaboration between software developers, clinicians and learning technologists. Participants engaged with a virtual patient, ‘Stacey’, through a virtual reality or augmented reality head-mounted display. The tool was designed to provide trainee healthcare professionals with an immersive experience of a consultation with a patient presenting with perinatal mental health symptoms. Users verbally interacted with the patient, and a human instructor selected responses from a repository of pre-recorded voice-acted clips.

Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures

The primary outcomes were cognitive and affective learning outcomes, including understanding, motivation, and anxiety related to mental health consultations. Secondary outcomes were considerations towards careers in perinatal mental health, experiences of presence, system usability.

Results

We found significant enhancements in learning metrics across all participant groups. Notably, there was a marked increase in understanding (p<.001) and motivation (p<.001), coupled with decreased anxiety related to mental health consultations (p<.001). There were also significant improvements to considerations towards careers in perinatal mental health (p<.001).

Conclusions

These findings show, for the first time, that XR can be used to provide an effective, standardised, and reproducible tool for trainees to develop their mental health consultation skills. We suggest that XR could provide a solution to overcoming the current resource challenges associated with equipping current and future healthcare professionals, which are likely to be exacerbated by workforce expansion plan.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the motor cortex leads to a sequential increase in phase synchronization and power of TMS-evoked electroencephalographic recordings
Authors: Martino Enrico De , Casali Adenauer Girardi , Nascimento Couto Bruno Andry , Graven-Nielsen Thomas , Ciampi de Andrade Daniel
Published: April 2024

Background

High-frequency (10 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the primary motor cortex (M1) is used to treat several neuropsychiatric disorders, but its main mechanism of action remains unclear.

Objective

To probe four cortical hubs used for rTMS (M1; dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, DLPFC; anterior cingulate cortex, ACC; posterosuperior insula, PSI) with TMS coupled with high-density electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) and measure cortical excitability and oscillatory dynamics before and after active and sham rTMS to M1.

Methods

Before and immediately after active or sham M1-rTMS (15 min, 3,000 pulses at 10 Hz), single-pulse TMS evoked EEG were recorded at the four targets in 20 healthy individuals. Measures of cortical excitability and oscillatory dynamics were extracted at the main frequency bands (α [8-13 Hz], low-β [14-24 Hz], high-β [25-35 Hz]).

Results

Comparing active and sham M1 rTMS, M1 TMS-EEG demonstrated an increase in high-β synchronization in electrodes around M1 stimulation area and remotely in the contralateral hemisphere (p=0.026). The increase in high-β synchronization (48-83 ms after TMS-EEG stimulation) was succeeded by an enhancement in low-β power (86-144 ms after TMS-EEG stimulation) both locally and in the contralateral hemisphere (p=0.006). No significant differences were observed in TMS-EEG responses probing DLPFC, ACC, or PSI.

Conclusion

M1-rTMS engaged a sequence of enhanced phase synchronization, followed by an increase in power occurring within M1, that spread to remote areas and was measurable after the end of the stimulation session. These results are relevant to understanding the M1 neuroplastic effects of rTMS and associated changes in cortical activity dynamics.
Contrasting genetic predisposition and diagnosis in psychiatric disorders: a multi-omic single-nucleus analysis of the human orbitofrontal cortex
Authors: Gerstner Nathalie , Fröhlich Anna S. , Matosin Natalie , Gagliardi Miriam , Cruceanu Cristiana , Ködel Maik , Rex-Haffner Monika , Tu Xinming , Mostafavi Sara , Ziller Michael J. , Binder Elisabeth B. , Knauer-Arloth Janine
Published: April 2024

Psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder exhibit significant genetic and clinical overlap. However, their molecular architecture remains elusive due to their polygenic nature and complex brain cell interactions. Here, we integrated clinical data with genetic susceptibility to investigate gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the orbitofrontal cortex of 92 postmortem human brain samples at the single-cell level. Through single-nucleus (sn) RNA-seq and snATAC-seq, we analyzed approximately 800,000 and 400,000 nuclei, respectively. We observed cell type-specific dysregulation related to clinical diagnosis and genetic risk across cortical cell types. Dysregulation in gene expression and chromatin accessibility associated with diagnosis was pronounced in excitatory neurons. Conversely, genetic risk predominantly impacted glial and endothelial cells. Notably,INO80EandHCN2genes exhibited dysregulation in excitatory neurons superficial layers 2/3 influenced by schizophrenia polygenic risk. This study unveils the complex genetic and epigenetic landscape of psychiatric disorders, emphasizing the importance of cell type-specific analyses in understanding their pathogenesis and contrasting genetic predisposition with clinical diagnosis.
Real-World Performance of Large Language Models in Emergency Department Chest Pain Triage
Authors: Meng Xiangbin , Ji Jia-ming , Yan Xiangyu , Xu Hua , gao Jun , Wang Junhong , Wang Jingjia , Wang Xuliang , Wang Yuan-geng-shuo , Wang Wenyao , Chen Jing , Zhang Kuo , Liu Da , Qiu Zifeng , Li Muzi , Shao Chunli , Yang Yaodong , Tang Yi-Da
Published: April 2024

Background

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored for medical applications, particularly in emergency triage where rapid and accurate decision-making is crucial. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of two prominent Chinese LLMs, “Tongyi Qianwen” and “Lingyi Zhihui,” alongside a newly developed model, MediGuide-14B, comparing their effectiveness with human medical experts in emergency chest pain triage.

Methods

Conducted at Peking University Third Hospital’s emergency centers from June 2021 to May 2023, this retrospective study involved 11,428 patients with chest pain symptoms. Data were extracted from electronic medical records, excluding diagnostic test results, and used to assess the models and human experts in a double-blind setup. The models’ performances were evaluated based on their accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in diagnosing Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).

Findings

“Lingyi Zhihui” demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy of 76.40%, sensitivity of 90.99%, and specificity of 70.15%. “Tongyi Qianwen” showed an accuracy of 61.11%, sensitivity of 91.67%, and specificity of 47.95%. MediGuide-14B outperformed these models with an accuracy of 84.52%, showcasing high sensitivity and commendable specificity. Human experts achieved higher accuracy (86.37%) and specificity (89.26%) but lower sensitivity compared to the LLMs. The study also highlighted the potential of LLMs to provide rapid triage decisions, significantly faster than human experts, though with varying degrees of reliability and completeness in their recommendations.

Interpretation

The study confirms the potential of LLMs in enhancing emergency medical diagnostics, particularly in settings with limited resources. MediGuide-14B, with its tailored training for medical applications, demonstrates considerable promise for clinical integration. However, the variability in performance underscores the need for further fine-tuning and contextual adaptation to improve reliability and efficacy in medical applications. Future research should focus on optimizing LLMs for specific medical tasks and integrating them with conventional medical systems to leverage their full potential in real-world settings.
The effect of coronary revascularization treatment timing on mortality in patients with stable ischemic heart disease in British Columbia
Authors: Hardiman Sean , Fradet Guy , Kuramoto Lisa , Law Michael , Robinson Simon , Sobolev Boris
Published: April 2024

Background

Prior research has shown that patients with stable ischemic heart disease who undergo delayed coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery face higher mortality rates than those who receive CABG within the time recommended by physicians. However, this research did not account for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a widely available alternative to delayed CABG in many settings. We sought to establish whether there was a difference in mortality between timely PCI and delayed CABG.

Methods

We identified 25,520 patients 60 years or older who underwent first-time non-emergency revascularization for angiographically-proven, stable left main or multi-vessel ischemic heart disease in British Columbia between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2016. We estimated unadjusted and adjusted mortality after index revascularization or last staged PCI for patients undergoing delayed CABG compared to timely PCI.

Findings

After adjustment with inverse probability of treatment weights, at three years, patients who underwent delayed CABG had a statistically significant lower mortality compared with patients who received timely PCI (4.3% delayed CABG, 13.5% timely PCI; risk ratio 0.32, 95% CI 0.24 – 0.40).

Interpretation

Patients who undergo CABG with delay have a lower risk of death than patients who undergo PCI within appropriate time. Our results suggest that patients who wish to receive CABG as their revascularization treatment will receive a mortality benefit over PCI as an alternative strategy.
Efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy on The Post Midline laparotomy Wound Pain in upper and lower Gastrointestinal (GI) Surgical Procedure : a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mohammad Madadi , Soleiman Heydari , Ebrahim Hashemi Seyed , Mehdi Raei , Hamed Gholizadeh
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Painkiller drugs play an important role in reducing pain after surgery. These drugs might have unavoidable side effects and by the identification of new side effects, the needs for non-drug agents have been increased gradually. Therefore we decided to investigate the effect of low-power laser therapy on pain control after surgery.

Materials and Methods

In this study, 106 patients as candidate for elective gastrointestinal tract surgery after exclusion 6 case were divided into two groups with 50 patients after being randomized. The intervention group and control group underwent low level laser therapy and placebo by daily manner respectively after surgery. Then both groups were evaluated and compared in terms of pain intensity and amount of pethidine consumption.

Results

There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of average age, sexual frequency and perioperative inflammatory factors and skin complications. The average pain intensity at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours after surgery was 7.2, 5.3, 4.2, 3.66, 2.44 for the intervention group and it was 7.14, 6.3, 5.3, 4.3, 2.7 for the control group respectively. Also, the average use of pethidine was evaluated in 24-hour intervals until the fourth day, which was 53, 29, 10, 5.5 mg for the intervention group and 54, 37.5, 22.5, 8.5 mg for the control group respectively. At the first 24 hours and 96 hours after the operation, difference of pain intensity and pethidine consumption between the two groups was not significant, but in period 24-96 hours after surgery, the pain intensity and also the average pethidine consumption significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group.

Conclusion

The findings of this study showed that the low level laser therapy can be used to control the pain and can be proposed as an alternative method to painkillers drugs.
Study Protocol- The impact of social deprivation on development and progression of diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Casey Caoimhe , Buckley Claire M , Kearney Patricia M , Griffin Matthew D , Dinneen Sean F , Griffin Tomás P
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease. Social deprivation is recognised as a risk factor for complications of diabetes, including diabetic kidney disease. The effect of deprivation on rate of decline in renal function has not been explored in the Irish Health System to date. The objective of this study is to explore the association between social deprivation and the development/progression of diabetic kidney disease in a cohort of adults living with diabetes in Ireland.

Methods and analysis

This is a retrospective cohort study using an existing dataset of people living with diabetes who attended the diabetes centre at University Hospital Galway from 2012 to 2016. The variables included in this dataset include demographic variables, type and duration of diabetes, clinical variables such as medication use, blood pressure and BMI and laboratory data including creatinine, urine albumin to creatinine to ratio, haemoglobin A1c and lipids. This dataset will be updated with laboratory data until January 2023. Individual’s addresses will be used to calculate deprivation indices using the Pobal Haase Pratschke (HP) deprivation index. Rate of renal function decline will be calculated using linear mixed-effect models. The relationship between deprivation and renal function will be assessed using linear regression (absolute and relative rate of renal function decline based on eGFR) and logistic regression models (rapid vs. non-rapid decline).

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been granted by the clinical research ethics committee of Galway University Hospitals-Ref C.A. 2956. Results will be presented at conferences and published in peer review journals.
Universal
p
-wave tetramers in low-dimensional fermionic systems with three-body interaction
Authors: Polkanov V. , Pastukhov V.
Published: April 2024

Inspired by the narrow Feshbach resonance in systems with the two-body interaction, we propose a two-channel model of three-component fermions with a three-body interaction that takes into account finite-range effects in low dimensions. Within this model, the p-wave Efimov-like effect in the four-body sector is predicted in fractional dimensions between d=1 and d=2. The impact of the finite-range interaction on the formation of the four-body bound states in d=1 is also discussed in detail.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Cancellation of klystron-induced energy and arrival-time variations in linear accelerators with arc-type bunch compressors
Authors: Mansten Erik , Svärd Robin , Thorin Sara , Eriksson Mikael , Tavares Pedro Fernandes
Published: April 2024

We explain how the accelerating field amplitude and phase vary with modulator voltage in pulsed radio frequency high-power amplifiers based on klystron tubes. Changes in modulator voltage give rise to correlated changes of amplitude and phase, affecting the properties of the accelerated beam, in particular energy, arrival time, and bunch duration. We show, both theoretically and experimentally, that there exists a postcrest acceleration phase (the ) where the changes of beam energy due to phase and amplitude shifts caused by modulator-voltage variations cancel out. When accelerating at the magic angle, the klystron modulator voltage jitter no longer contributes to energy and arrival-time jitter in the accelerator. Off-crest operation at the magic angle can be implemented for bunch compression schemes in accelerators with arc-type bunch compressors, which have positive momentum compaction. The experimental results, obtained at the MAX IV laboratory, show the benefit of operating close to the magic angle in arc-type bunch compressors. In a direct measurement of normalized electron-energy jitter, the energy jitter was reduced by a factor of 1.8 down to 8.2×10−5 when operating at the magic angle.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Tunneling potentials to nothing
Authors: Blanco-Pillado J. J. , Espinosa J. R. , Huertas J. , Sousa K.
Published: April 2024

The catastrophic decay of a spacetime with compact dimensions, via bubbles of nothing (BoNs), is probably a generic phenomenon. BoNs admit a four-dimensional description as singular Coleman–de Luccia bounces of the size modulus field, stabilized by some potential V(ϕ). We apply the tunneling potential approach to this 4D description to provide a very simple picture of BoNs. Using it, we identify four different types of BoN, corresponding to different classes of higher-dimensional theories. We also identify 4D theories featuring a new type of quenching of BoN decay, which may be present even for dS vacua, and discuss the viability of embedding such models in a higher-dimensional theory. The present approach allows us to treat in a single framework BoN nucleation and other decay channels, and we study the interplay between the different nonperturbative instabilities comparing their decay rates.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Boosting energy transfer between quantum devices through spectrum engineering in the dissipative ultrastrong coupling regime
Authors: Crescente Alba , Ferraro Dario , Sassetti Maura
Published: April 2024

The coherent energy transfer between two quantum devices (a quantum charger and a quantum battery) mediated by a photonic cavity is investigated, in presence of dissipative environments, with particular focus on the ultrastrong coupling regime. Here, very short transfer times and high charging power can be achieved in comparison with the usually addressed weak coupling case. Such phenomenology is further magnified by the presence of level crossings appearing in the energy spectrum and which reveal very robust against dissipative environmental effects. Moreover, by carefully controlling the physical parameters of the model, e.g., the matter-radiation coupling and the frequencies of the system, it is possible to tune these crossings making this device more flexible and experimentally feasible. Finally to broaden our analysis, we assume the possibility of choosing between a Fock and a coherent initial state of the cavity, with the latter showing better energetic performances.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Impact of customer engagement strategy on customer loyalty from the perspective of consumer well-being
Authors: Zhang Shaoqing , Zhang Sihong , Zhang Yuan
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate mechanisms and boundary conditions of the impact of customer engagement strategies (CESs) on customer loyalty (CL) based on goal-framing and well-being theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a three-stage, time-lagged research design, 246 valid samples were obtained. This study tested and validated the proposed framework using hierarchical regression analysis and a moderated mediation procedure.

Findings

First, CESs have a significant positive impact on CL. Second, consumer well-being (CWB) partially mediates the CESs–CL relationship. Third, information processing style (IPS) moderates the impact of CESs on CWB, with a more pronounced effect observed under the affective processing style. Finally, IPS further moderates the indirect effect of CESs on CL, indicating that CESs enhance CL through increased CWB, particularly under the affective processing style.

Originality/value

Revealing the pivotal role of CESs in enhancing CL at the corporate level helps bridge the gap between companies and customers, thereby facilitating the establishment of long-term cooperative relationships. Additionally, introducing the concept of CWB into the study of CL offers a novel perspective for understanding customer behavior.
Artificial intelligence-based pre-conception stage construction budget decision-making model and tool for residential buildings
Authors: Sadick Abdul-Manan , Gurmu Argaw , Gunarathna Chathuri
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Developing a reliable cost estimate at the early stage of construction projects is challenging due to inadequate project information. Most of the information during this stage is qualitative, posing additional challenges to achieving accurate cost estimates. Additionally, there is a lack of tools that use qualitative project information and forecast the budgets required for project completion. This research, therefore, aims to develop a model for setting project budgets (excluding land) during the pre-conceptual stage of residential buildings, where project information is mainly qualitative.

Design/methodology/approach

Due to the qualitative nature of project information at the pre-conception stage, a natural language processing model, DistilBERT (Distilled Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), was trained to predict the cost range of residential buildings at the pre-conception stage. The training and evaluation data included 63,899 building permit activity records (2021–2022) from the Victorian State Building Authority, Australia. The input data comprised the project description of each record, which included project location and basic material types (floor, frame, roofing, and external wall).

Findings

This research designed a novel tool for predicting the project budget based on preliminary project information. The model achieved 79% accuracy in classifying residential buildings into three cost_classes ($100,000-$300,000, $300,000-$500,000, $500,000-$1,200,000) and F1-scores of 0.85, 0.73, and 0.74, respectively. Additionally, the results show that the model learnt the contextual relationship between qualitative data like project location and cost.

Research limitations/implications

The current model was developed using data from Victoria state in Australia; hence, it would not return relevant outcomes for other contexts. However, future studies can adopt the methods to develop similar models for their context.

Originality/value

This research is the first to leverage a deep learning model, DistilBERT, for cost estimation at the pre-conception stage using basic project information like location and material types. Therefore, the model would contribute to overcoming data limitations for cost estimation at the pre-conception stage. Residential building stakeholders, like clients, designers, and estimators, can use the model to forecast the project budget at the pre-conception stage to facilitate decision-making.
Leadership education: a content analysis of postgraduate leadership education programs for health and human service leaders in Australian universities
Authors: Fennell Kate L. , Jan Van Dam Pieter , Stephens Nicola , Holloway Adele , Hughes Roger
Published: April 2024

Purpose

A systematic investigation of postgraduate leadership programs for health and/or human services offered by Australian higher education institutions was undertaken.

Design/methodology/approach

Quantitative analysis identified the core characteristics of the programs. A thematic analysis of the course learning outcomes was conducted and six major themes of disciplinary leadership and management knowledge; research and analytical skills; professional practice; communication and collaboration; creativity and innovation; and system knowledge are shared in this study.

Findings

The authors conclude that Australian universities have taken an evidence-based approach to leadership education.

Originality/value

More work might need to be undertaken to ensure leadership theories are incorporated into learning outcomes.
Boundary spanners as a key to value creation in infrastructure procurement
Authors: Liljeroos-Cork Johanna Maria , Laitinen Kaisu
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Infrastructure forms a basis for the operations and sustainability of the modern society. This paper aims to recognize value creation from the infrastructure procurement ecosystem perspective to achieve those goals. The pursuit of enhancing value creation involves an examination of infrastructure procurement challenges, boundaries as well as boundary spanners that facilitate effective knowledge transfer and interaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative study is based on content analysis of 25 thematic interviews. Data was transcribed and coded via Atlas.ti software.

Findings

Infrastructure procurement value creation challenges appear complex and related to boundaries that hamper collaboration, coordination and knowledge sharing. Our results show that these boundaries locate within and between different levels of procurement ecosystem. Therefore, value creation in infrastructure procurement requires boundary spanners for leveraging knowledge sharing and interaction. Artifacts, discussion, processes and brokers as identified boundary spanners are strongly nested and interrelated in the industry. Special attention should be given to supporting individuals to act as brokers, since they play the key roles in trust building, culture steering and usage of other boundary spanners.

Social implications

Promoting value creation in infrastructure procurement helps to achieve socio-economic development goals.

Originality/value

This study offers a unique perspective on value creation in the context of infrastructure by adopting an ecosystem lens and examining boundary crossing mechanisms. The results support future development of collaboration and knowledge sharing practices fostering procurement productivity.
Research on the optimal desertification combat mode considering the governance cycle
Authors: Sun Jiayi
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the most effective approach for governments and enterprises to combat desertification by considering the governance cycle. The focus is on understanding how the government can incentivize enterprises to actively engage in desertification combat efforts.

Design/methodology/approach

Both the government and the enterprise are treated as rational entities, making strategic choices for joint participation in combating desertification. Recognizing the dynamic nature of the desertification combat area, differential game models are employed to identify the optimal mode for combating desertification.

Findings

The findings underscore the significant influence of the governance cycle duration on the selection of desertification combat modes for government and enterprise. A cooperative mode is best suited to a short governance cycle, while an ecological subsidy mode is optimal for a longer cycle. Enhancing governance technology and shortening the governance cycle are conducive to combating desertification. Reducing taxes alone may not be an effective control strategy; rather, the government can better motivate enterprises by adopting tax rate policies aligned with the chosen governance mode.

Originality/value

This research contributes by elucidating the impact mechanism of the government cycle’s length on the desertification combat process. The results may offer valuable insights for governments in formulating strategies to encourage corporate participation in combating desertification and provide theoretical support for selecting optimal desertification combat modes.
AI in knowledge sharing, which ethical challenges are raised in decision-making processes for organisations?
Authors: Rezaei Mojtaba , Pironti Marco , Quaglia Roberto
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to identify and assess the key ethical challenges associated with integrating artificial intelligence (AI) in knowledge-sharing (KS) practices and their implications for decision-making (DM) processes within organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employs a mixed-methods approach, beginning with a comprehensive literature review to extract background information on AI and KS and to identify potential ethical challenges. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is conducted using data collected from individuals employed in business settings to validate the challenges identified in the literature and assess their impact on DM processes.

Findings

The findings reveal that challenges related to privacy and data protection, bias and fairness and transparency and explainability are particularly significant in DM. Moreover, challenges related to accountability and responsibility and the impact of AI on employment also show relatively high coefficients, highlighting their importance in the DM process. In contrast, challenges such as intellectual property and ownership, algorithmic manipulation and global governance and regulation are found to be less central to the DM process.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the ethical challenges of AI in knowledge management (KM) and DM within organisations. By providing insights and recommendations for researchers, managers and policymakers, the study emphasises the need for a holistic and collaborative approach to harness the benefits of AI technologies whilst mitigating their associated risks.
Effects of varied multimedia animations in digital storybooks: A randomised controlled trial with preschoolers
Authors: Son Seung‐Hee Claire , Butcher Kirsten R.
Published: April 2024

Background

Rapid growth in early childhood device usage has raised critical questions about the potential impact of digital storybooks on children's reading outcomes. The current study examined how two types of multimedia animations in digital storybooks – animations of storyline elements or details in the illustrations – influenced the story comprehension and enjoyment of young children.

Methods

Preschool children (n = 86) read a digital storybook in one of three conditions: storyline‐element animations, illustration‐detail animations or no additional animations. Two digital storybooks with varied difficulty and numbers of animations were examined. After an initial evaluation of vocabulary skills, children read their assigned version of each digital storybook and then completed assessments of story comprehension and enjoyment.

Results

Overall, animations focused on illustration details hindered comprehension. For a less difficult story (with limited animations), animations focused on storyline elements improved comprehension. In a more difficult story (with many animations), animations focused on storyline elements enhanced comprehension only for children with high‐vocabulary skills. There were no differences in story enjoyment across conditions.

Conclusions

Although illustration details are related to story content, digital storybook animations focused on these visual details may be overwhelming for young children. While animations that depict or extend storyline elements can support comprehension for children, large numbers of these animations in difficult stories have a counterintuitive effect – improving comprehension only for children with high vocabulary. Even storyline‐element animations in difficult stories may overload processing and hinder comprehension. Given no observed effects of varied animations on story enjoyment, a strategic, restrained approach to embedded animations focused on storyline elements may be warranted.
On‐farm evaluations of animal welfare indicators in laying hens housed with and without environmental enrichment
Authors: Finke Sandra , Kemper Nicole , Spindler Birgit
Published: April 2024

In laying hen husbandry, severe feather pecking and cannibalism are multifactorial problems. Solving these problems is a matter of urgency, as beak trimming is banned in several European countries, including Germany. One approach to addressing severe feather pecking and cannibalism is the administration of additional enrichment material to support normal behaviour. In this on‐farm study, two flocks of 17,500 Lohmann Brown‐Lite laying hens each were evaluated during one production period (18–78 weeks of life, WoL). One flock was provided with alfalfa bales and pecking stones in combination (EnGr), whereas the other flock served as a control without additional enrichment material (CoGr). During production, the flocks were visited at regular intervals. On each visit, a sample of 50 hens per flock were weighed and scored for plumage condition and skin lesions. The mortality rate was recorded daily by the farm staff. No significant difference in plumage condition and mortality rate was found between EnGr and CoGr (p > .05, Mann‐Whitney U test). As there were hardly any skin lesions in both groups during the study period, the effect of additional enrichment material on this variable could not be determined. The average body weight of the EnGr was significantly higher than the average body weight of the CoGr on numerous examination days (26 WoL,p < .001; 34 WoL,p = .040; 42 WoL,p = .007; 62 WoL,p = .041; 66 WoL,p = .006; 74 WoL,p = .036; 78 WoL,p = .028, t‐tests). However, this effect could not be clearly attributed to the administering of additional enrichment material, as the feeding and performance variables for EnGr and CoGr had been recorded together because of the housing for the two flocks being supplied by one silo and water source, and eggs from the flocks being collected altogether.
Prolonged contact does not reshape locals' attitudes toward migrants in wartime settings
Authors: Zhou Yang‐Yang , Lyall Jason
Published: April 2024

Despite record numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) globally, we know little about the causal effects of intergroup contact between migrants and locals in active conflict settings. We conduct a randomized controlled trial of a vocational skills‐training program implemented by Mercy Corps that enrolled 2597 locals and migrants in near equal numbers in Kandahar, Afghanistan, where IDPs face daily prejudice and discrimination. Courses lasting up to 6 months emphasized collaborative learning and soft skills development. We surveyed participants at endline and followed up 8 months later. While the program provided the most sustained duration of intergroup contact (360–720 h) experimentally evaluated to date, we find no evidence of reported behavioral or attitudinal change by locals (N = 1276) toward migrants generally, regardless of classroom demographics or course duration. Our findings suggest that prolonged contact through vocational training programs is insufficient to improve relations in conflict settings.
Vision‐related quality of life in patients with glaucoma before and after trabeculectomy
Authors: von Arenstorff Mathilde M. , Ahmadzadeh Afrouz , Schmidt Bo Simmendefeldt , Kessel Line , Bach‐Holm Daniella
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To determine vision‐related quality of life (VR‐QoL) and functional and structural parameters associated with VR‐QoL in patients with glaucoma before and 12 months after trabeculectomy.

Methods

Fifty‐eight patients undergoing trabeculectomy were included. Participants completed the 25‐item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ‐25) prior to and 12 months after trabeculectomy. Functional (visual acuity and visual fields) and structural (ganglion cell layer volume) parameters were evaluated for their association with VR‐QoL using multiple linear regression of VFQ‐25 subscale scores. Intraocular pressure and the number of glaucoma medications were also included in the analyses.

Results

The VFQ‐25 composite score did not change after trabeculectomy (before: 74.9; 12 months: 74.0; p = 0.512). The subscale mental health had a significantly higher score 12 months after trabeculectomy (before: 65.6; 12 months: 71.4; p = 0.017). The VFQ‐25 scores for general health (before: 68.5; 12 months: 62.5; p = 0.009) and role difficulties (before: 78.9; 12 months: 53.7; p < 0.001) were significantly lower 12 months after trabeculectomy. No functional or structural parameters were associated with VFQ‐25 composite score.

Conclusion

Overall, VR‐QoL in glaucoma patients was similar before and after trabeculectomy, reflecting the procedure's stabilizing effect on both objective and subjective visual function. The absence of correlations between VR‐QoL and clinical parameters emphasizes the multifaceted nature of VR‐QoL and highlights the limitations of depending solely on objective clinical metrics to evaluate patients' subjective experiences. Using both objective measures and VR‐QoL, clinicians can better understand the challenges patients face due to glaucoma and trabeculectomy, potentially leading to better solutions.
Dietary adherence is not dependent on the mode of diagnosis in children with coeliac disease
Authors: Hård af Segerstad Elin M. , Avender Helena , Kornhall Ludvig , Agardh Daniel
Published: April 2024

Aim

To compare the adherence to gluten‐free diet between children with serology‐based and biopsy‐proven coeliac disease.

Methods

Medical records were retrospectively reviewed in 257 Swedish children diagnosed with coeliac disease between 2012 and 2019 at a tertiary hospital. Adherence to a gluten‐free diet was systematically assessed by trained dietitians at follow‐up. Mixed models were used to analyse the dietary adherence by mode of diagnosis (serology‐based vs. biopsy‐proven).

Results

After mean 6.3 (SD 2.4) years, there was neither a difference in the dietary adherence over time depending on the mode of diagnosis (OR 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26, 1.60], p = 0.342), nor if coeliac disease was detected in screening studies (OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.25, 2.17], p = 0.584) or in risk‐groups (OR 1.01 [95% CI 0.26, 3.91], p = 0.991) compared to clinically detected diagnosis. Non‐adherence to a gluten‐free diet increased with age (OR 1.19 [95% CI 1.06, 1.33], p = 0.003). There was no difference in the proportion of patients improving their dietary adherence from non‐adherent to adherent over time (p = 0.322).

Conclusion

Mode of diagnosis did not influence the dietary adherence in Swedish children with coeliac disease, although adherence to a gluten‐free diet was inversely associated with increasing age.
Diagnosis and management of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii detected in an oral mass in a pink‐tongued skink (Cyclodomorphus gerarrdii)
Authors: Llinas J , Rozmanec M , Hyndman TH
Published: April 2024

Cryptococcus is an encapsulated yeast that is found in both yeast and hyphal forms. Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are the most medically important species, causing disease in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. A large, friable, sublingual mass was surgically resected from the oral cavity of a pink‐tongued skink (Cyclodomorphus gerarrdii). Histopathology, fungal culture and PCR testing with Sanger sequencing confirmed granulomatous inflammation containing large numbers of yeasts identified as Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. Surgical excision and treatment with oral amphotericin B and terbinafine was unsuccessful in managing the infection. On Day 67 after surgery, Cryptococcus DNA was detected by PCR in the blood but not oral, cloacal or skin swabs. The skink was euthanised 72 days after surgery due to anorexia, weight loss and progressive neurological signs of disease. Necropsy results showed disseminated cryptococcosis, including meningoencephalitis and ventriculitis. Two in‐contact pink‐tongued skinks remained asymptomatic and PCR‐negative during 198 days of observation. This case suggests Cryptococcus infections should be considered for oral masses presenting with or without neurological signs in skinks. Further investigation is required to determine the best treatment options for disseminated cryptococcosis in reptiles. This report describes the third reported case of Cryptococcus in a reptile and the first case of cryptococcosis in a pink‐tongued skink. It is also the first report of Cryptococcus in a reptile identified to the variety level using PCR, including in whole blood samples.