bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Performance of an Experimental Solar Pond Operating in Winter of Tibet
Authors: Xiao Shu Yang , Li Bing , Dong Ya Ping , Meng Qing Fen , Li Wu
Published: April 2013

An experimental SGSP was constructed in Tibet and its thermal performance in winter was investigated in this paper. The LCZ temperature observed was no less than 20 oC in winter subfreezing time. The impact of ice layer upon SGSP was analysed briefly as well, it was found that the ice layer showed different impacts on the performance of SGSP depended on its thickness and transparency condition. Several promising measures for the improvement of SGSP operating in winter were also proposed.
A New Transmission Network Planning Method with Consideration of Transmission Cost
Authors: Liu Xu , Tang Cui Lian
Published: April 2013

Transmission planning is a complex optimization problem with multiple deciding variables and restrictions. The mathematical model is non-linear, discrete, multi-objective and dynamic. It becomes complicated as the system grows. So the algorithm adopted affects the results of planning directly. In this paper, a fast non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is employed. The results indicate that NSGA-II has some advantages compared to the traditional genetic algorithms. In transmission planning, NSGA-II is feasible, flexible and effective.
Energy Consumption Analysis of Animation-Park in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City
Authors: Zheng Xue Jing , Yang Meng Jun , Zheng Wan Dong , Bu Yun Kun
Published: April 2013

Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city is a strategic cooperation project between China and Singapore to improve the living environment and build an eco-culture. Animation-park covers an area of 1 km2, with a total construction area of 7.7x105m2. Wide sources of the renewable energy, such as solar hot water system, ground source heat pump system, solar PV power generation system, and deep geothermal energy system, is strongly recommended to use in eco-city in order to save energy and protect the environment. The usage of renewable energy is seen as a complement to the conventional energy. The energy consumption of the animation park is 42926tce of coal per year, and the renewable energy that used is 4573.6tce of coal per year. The usage of renewable energy leads to the reduction in the emission of CO2 of 18895.9t per year.
Researches on Drought Resistance of Mulberry Trees Applied to Vegetation Recovery Engineering in Chongqing Section of the Jialing River Basin, China
Authors: Huang Xiao Hui , Feng Da Lan , Liu Yun , Geng Yang Hui
Published: April 2013

To examine possible effects of soil water conditions in summer in Chongqing section of Jialing River Basin on mulberry trees, we grew potted mulberry in a greenhouse under three soil water regimes designed to simulate normal irrigation (CK), moderate drought stress (T1) and extraordinary drought stress (T2). The results showed the following. 1) With drought stress increasing, the heights, base diameters and root biomass all decreased significantly. The root/shoot ratio, specific root area and root activity of mulberry on the whole showed an increasing trend as drought stress increasing. The leaf water potential of mulberry after drought stress on the whole decreased significantly compared with CK; 2)With the elongation of treatment time, the heights, base diameters root biomass and root/shoot ratios of mulberry in the three treatment groups still increased to different degrees. The root activity of mulberry in each treatment group first increased and then decreased basically, but still maintained a higher level compared with CK, moreover, the leaf water potential of mulberry also decreased gradually on the whole. We concluded that under drought stress conditions the growth of mulberry will be inhibited in a way, but the plant can actively improve its absorption ability by some ways, thereby maintaining its normal physiological metabolism, accordingly demonstrating strong drought resistance.
Nitrogen Pollution Characteristics and Genetic Analysis of FengHe River and its Tributaries
Authors: Zhi Jian Hui , Ding Ai Zhong , Cheng Li Rong , Zhang Shu Rong , Zhao Xuan
Published: April 2013

In December 2011,April 2012 and September 2012, the surface water of the Fenghe River and its tributaries were collected.The temporal variation characteristics of concentration of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-- N), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+- N), and total nitrogen (TN) in the water were studied. Combined with basin characteristics such as land use and precipitation, causes were analyzed. The results showed that NO3-- N content in water gradually increased along the direction of flow spatially, which was closely related to the spatial distribution of land use and pollution sources distribution. In dry period and flood period, the NO3-- N content in water was less than that in usual discharge period. NO3-- N content t in April,2012 reflected the nitrate nitrogen pollution characteristics in storm period. Fenghe River and its tributaries, from source to import into the Weihe River, the concentration of ammonium salt little changed, and at the most sample sites the ammonium salt concentration were not more than 1 mg/L. NO3-- N is drainage nitrogen main stable form in Fenghe River. TN content in Fenghe River system was obviously higher than that of the vclass of the surface water environment quality standard.
The Quantitative Evaluation of Ecological Assets in Sanjiang Plain Based on Remote Sensing Technology
Authors: Meng Fan Ying , Miao Zheng Hong
Published: April 2013

on the basis of the measurement of ecological parameters by using remote sensing technology, combined with ecological method and Landsat–7 ETM +, we made a quantitative measurement of ecological assets of Sanjiang Plain in 2010, got the spatial distribution of ecological assets. The results show that: the value of ecological assets in Sanjiang Plain was 2.35 × 1012 yuan. The value was generally higher in the southern and lower in the northern parts of the study area. Baoqing has the highest sum value and Youyi has the lowest value than other areas. Forestlands have higher value of ecological assets than other land use types. Land use type may be the mainly reason for the spatial difference of ecological assets in Sanjiang Plain.
Research on the Rheological Property of Low-Rank Bitumite Coking Wastewater Slurry
Authors: Yang Gang , Yang Xiao , Tu Ya Nan
Published: April 2013

Coking wastewater's components are complex, leading to treatment difficulties. Preparing the wastewater to slurries with low-rank bitumite can not only transform the high pollution components to simple and easy-treated inorganic molecules, but also utilize the heat it creates, and at the meanwhile expand the low-rank bitumite's application scope. Three coking wastewater samples of different treating depth, from a coking plant in Tangshan, were prepared slurries with a low-rank bitumite from a mine in Shanxi, and the slurries' rheological and temperature-depended properties were also tested. The results indicated that: preparing slurries with the feed of clean-room can optimize the flow-ability of which is with clean water; the viscosities reduce when heating the slurries, until the temperature increase over a unique value; the change pattern of the viscosity is depended on the properties of the interstitial water, water film and dispersant molecules by heating the slurries.
Research on Sedimentary Palaeoenvironments of the Sanmianjing Formation in Zhengxiangbaiqi, Mongolia
Authors: Liu Zhi Rong , Huang Jin Gyi , Lu Li Na , Chen Zhi Dan , Li Xiu Liang
Published: April 2013

In Zhengxiangbaiqi, the Sanmianjing Formation of Middle Permian exposes most completely. The Lithology is mainly clastic rocks, in the lower part of the section, there are 60m gray middle-thick-bedded limestone. Based on detailed measurement of the Elitu Pasture Ⅱ, indoor research, identifications with microscope, paleontology and sequence stratigraphy studies, explored sedimtentary facies and sedimentary paleoenvironment of the Sanmianjing formation. The lower part and the upper part of Sanmianjing formation might be deposited in a shore setting with a high energy, and the middle part might be formed in an epicontinental sea with a relative low-energy. Fossils and sedimentary facies further enrich the biological face of the section, and prove new informations for contrasting between different stratigraphic and plaeoenvironment. This study proved principal geological data for further research on palaeogeography, oil and gas exploration.
Fast-Growing Trees Planting and its Relationship with the Grain Production in Hebei Province
Authors: Shi Tie Chou , Xu Xiao Hong
Published: April 2013

The fast-growing and high-yielding timber plantation base construction engineering initiated in 2002, and it’s the sixth largest forest project in China. Did the project have influence to the grain production in the past ten years? And how much the influence is? Based on this problem, the study selects Hebei province as the research area, which is around Beijing-Tianjin, and the geographical position is particularly important. It analyzes Hebei’s fast-growing trees planting area, grain sown area and yield from land using angle. Research shows that fast-growing trees planting’s time and space difference is very wide in Hebei and each city, but its influence is very small for the grain sown area, and has no effect on total grain yield. Because Fast-growing trees can improve ecological environment and bring huge economic benefits, it can continue to be planted in Hebei’s suitable area in the future. The fast-growing trees planting should occupy less cultivated land as far as possible, and reduce the influence to grain production.
Characterization and Source of Trihalomethane Formation in the Secondary Effluent by Sequencing Batch Reactors
Authors: Zhang Chao Jie , Li Si Bo , Chen Qian , Zhou Qi
Published: April 2013

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) may do harms to human beings. After disinfected by chlorine (amine), DOM can form disinfection by-products (DBPs) which can be mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic. Characterization and source of trihalomethane precursors in the secondary effluent by sequencing batch reactors were investigated. CHCl3 was the primary DBPs. The results showed that the precursors of CHCl3 were mainly strongly hydrophobic DOM, while CHCl2Br and CHClBr2 were mainly formed from hydrophilic DOM. The effects of different powder media (activated carbon, zeolite) on removal of DOM were compared. The results showed that the dosing of powder media can promote the removal of DOM and the DBPs precursors.
The Environmental Matrix Effects of Inorganic Ions to Photo-Reductive Defluorination of Perfluorooctanoic Acid
Authors: Zhang Chao Jie , Chen Pei , Qu Yan , Zhou Qi
Published: April 2013

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), one of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), has prompted much concern in the last fifty years. Its accumulation in the natural environment is increased, and its threats to ecosystems have been discovered. Because of the highly stable, PFOA was hardly decomposed and defluorination. In previous study, a photo-reduction method is developed for the decomposition of PFOA in Milli-Q water with potassium iodide (KI) as a mediator. But this system wasn’t discussed in natural environment. In this study, several common inorganic ions in the surface water were been choice as the object. By analyzing the matrix effects of different kinds of anions and cations to the photo-reductive defluorination of PFOA, it shows that the presence of anions in the system will heavily inhibit the degradation process, while the impact of cations to the degradation is related to the concentration. And, both anions and cations can inhibit the defluorination process, but anions have much greater impact than the cations to the defluorination rate.
Abatement of Perfluorocarbons in Teflon-Manufacturing Wastewater with Photo-Reduction Method
Authors: Zhang Chao Jie , Zhang Geng , Chen Pei , Qu Yan , Zhou Qi
Published: April 2013

Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) are anthropogenic contaminants which have prompted much concern regarding their environment persistence and bioaccumulation. The main sources of PFCs are from wastewater of fluorine chemical. Decomposition and defluorination of PFCs in wastewater by photo-induced hydrated electrons was well and firstly investigated in this paper. In this work the proposed method was tested to deal with PFCs containing wastewaters from a Teflon-manufacturing plant in Jiangsu Province, China. 95.5% of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was decomposed after 12 hours treatment and defluorination rate of PFCs could reach about 60%. PFCs were transformed into harmless fluoride, acetic acid and formic acid. It was suggested this system can efficiently decompose PFCs from fluorine chemical plant. In brief, this study demonstrates that the photo-reduction is a high efficient, energy-saving method which produced less-toxic products for PFCs removal, compared with activated carbon absorption and combustion.
Exergy Analysis of Solar Energy Systems for Sustainable Buildings
Authors: Pei Xiao Mei , Shou Qing Yun , Su Sheng , Liu Kang
Published: April 2013

Exergy analysis has been widely applied in parallel with energy analysis in order to find the most rational use of energy. Low exergy systems are defined as heating or cooling systems that allow the use of low valued energy, which is mostly delivered by solar energy (i.e., solar collectors, hybrid PV/T panel) as the energy source. Low exergy building systems create more flexibility and generate new possibilities for the design of sustainable buildings. Usage of solar energy in different kinds of systems provides scope for several studies on exergy analysis. The present study comprehensively reviews the studies conducted on the exergy analysis of various solar energy systems for establishing the sustainable buildings. Conclusions regarding the usability of the exergy method as a tool to promote a more efficient use of solar energy sources are derived, with the aim to highlight future research issues and promote further developments of this method.
Theoretical Analysis of Moisture Dynamics on the Irrigated Areas
Authors: Rahmutulla Zaynulla , Yakubov Murat A. , Muradov Rustam A. , Lei Jia Qiang , Yakubova Khurshida
Published: April 2013

Limitation of water resources at the arid countries (Uzbekistan and the most part of the Chinese national democratic republic) demands to develop more exact and mathematically proved methods for moisture management on an irrigated field. Results of theoretical researches on dynamics of humidity have shown: (1) similarity of physical processes of change of humidity of soil on different irrigated areas. (2) Hysteresis of the nature of humidity at an irrigation and drainage. (3) Sharp recession of humidity of soil in the root zone.
Adsorption of Ce(III) by Magnetic Chitosan/Yeast Composites from Aqueous Solution: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies
Authors: Ou Hong Xiang , Bian Wei Bai , Weng Xiang Mei , Huang Wei Hong , Zhang Yun Lei
Published: April 2013

Magnetic chitosan/yeast(MCY) composites were prepared and applied to adsorb Ce(III) ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, contact time and initial concentration were examined, and the hematite leakage was also studied. The optimum pH was 5.5. MCY composites had magnetic stability (especially over pH range of 4.5~7.0). The kinetic data were investigated by pseudo-ﬁrst-order and pseudo-second-order models. The kinetic data were better fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. Experimental data were fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich models to analyze the equilibrium isotherms. The Freundlich model was better to describe the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir isotherm was 73.53 mg/g.
The Annual Variations of Major Nutrients and Assessments about Environmental Impacts of Xiangshan Bay East China Sea
Authors: Zhu Gen Hai , Qian Jian , Chen Li Hong , Jin Mao , Liu Jing Jing , Zhang Jian
Published: April 2013

The 30 years’ annual variations of major nutrients dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP) in Xiangshan Bay East China Sea between 1982 and 2011 were reported. The results showed that the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients increased year by year, consistent with the trend of nitrogen and phosphorus consumption in our country. Inorganic nitrogen was the main pollutant, then was inorganic phosphorus in Xiangshan harbor. The annual average change of DIN ranged from 0.21 to 0.76 mg∙dm-3 while DIP ranged from 0.018 to 0.054 mg∙dm-3. And the change trend of DIN and DIP was as following: winter > autumn > summer > spring. The DIN and DIP in Xiangshan horbor exceeded the standard limits greatly, the water quality in culture areas exceeded national criteria for sea water Level IV and most water qualities were inferior Level IV.
Optical System Design of Solar Light Collector
Authors: Li Yu Yao , Che Ying , Wang Fei , Li Ning
Published: April 2013

This paper gives a brief introduction to the spectrum of the solar light radiation characteristic. According to the aberration characteristics of the wide spectrum and large aperture optical system, two aberrations which are spherical aberration and chromatic aberration are corrected, transmission and reflection type solar light collection optical system are designed respectively. The optical system’s work waveband is 0.4~0.82μm, aperture is 600mm, focal length is 1320mm. The figures of optical system, spot diagram are given and the advantages and disadvantages of two systems which are transmission type and reflection type are compared.
A Rough Estimation of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission in Tourism of GanSu Province Based on Low-Carbon
Authors: Jiao Bei Bei , Shi Pei Ji
Published: April 2013

Low-carbon tourism is proposed as a new pattern to develop the global low-carbon economy, which goes with the tide in the global climate of change. Because tourism industry has a so close association with another industries that almost every link of tourism activities could be related to energy consumption and CO2emission. So, energy conservation and emission reduction constitute an important part of developing low-carbon tourism. This article selects GanSu Province, the weak ecological environment, as the research object. In accordance with the documents research and mathematical statistics , and the "bottom-up" study method., we made an research on energy consumption and the CO2emission of GanSu province from the tourism travel , tourism accommodation, and tourism activities, respectively. From the result, GanSu's tourism with low-carbon and energy-saving characteristics, accounting for 0.45% energy consumptions and 0.86% CO2emission in that of the GanSu's tourism. It shows that tourism fits in with the requirements of low-carbon tourism development. However, one of the most important factor in the tourism energy consumption and the CO2emission is the tourism transportation, accounting for 68.83% energy consumptions and 65.96% CO2emission in that of tourism respectively, which should be focus on as the key link in low-carbon tourism development.
Effect of Freeze-Thaw Action on Phosphorus Adsorption and Desorption in Forest Wetland Soils at High Latitudes
Authors: Ren Yi Bin , Ren Nan Qi
Published: April 2013

To clear the effect of freezing and thawing on the soil phosphorus adsorption and desorption of northeast China high latitude forest wetland, the change of soil phosphorus elements after five complete freeze-thaw cycles was analyzed with Wuyiling National Wetland as experimental subjects. Result shows that the soil phosphates desorption increased after influenced by five complete freezing and thawing. Soil sample which initial phosphates concentration is 40、80、240 mg/L reached minimum value after three freeze-thaw cycle and then increased. Compared to the without freeze-thaw soil, phosphorus adsorption capacity of different initial concentrations of phosphate solution samples was increased after five freeze-thaw cycles indicating that freeze-thaw cycle has obvious effect on soil phosphorus adsorption and desorption.
An Interval-Fuzzy Emissions Reduction Optimization Model for Regional Water Pollutant Total Amount Control
Authors: Li Zhuang , Wen Jing Ya , Wang Ze Sen , Sun Zhao , Li Yu
Published: April 2013

Combining environment policies of structure emissions reduction, engineering emissions reduction and management emissions reduction, this paper uses an interval-fuzzy linear programming and builds an optimization model for total amount control of regional water pollution, on account of severe water pollution condition. The developed model is applied to a case of Hunan Province to validate its validity and reliability. The optimal result demonstrated that the emission reduction of COD and NH3-N are [43.39, 47.57] and [7.05, 7.64] (104 tons), and the optimal total costs of reduction is [35.11, 37.35] (billion yuan), which decreases 6.32~11.20% than the existed recommended scheme (39.87 billion yuan). This method can be used for providing technical support and thus achieves the 12th Five-year goals of the environment protection plan more effectively.
The Study of Cadmium-Calcium Hydroxyapatite Solid solutions： An Overview
Authors: Dai Liu Qin , Zhu Yi Nian , Li Jiao , Zhu Zong Qiang
Published: April 2013

This paper mainly made a detailed review on cadmium-calcium hydroxyapatite solid solutions. There are including introduction, synthesis method and controlling conditions, and the summary of study results at home and abroad. Finally, gave the conclusion and prospect of the author.
Effects of Thermal Discharge from a Coastal Power Plant on Phytoplankton in Zhanjiang Bay
Authors: Li Xue Ying , Li Bin , Sun Xing Li , Sun Hui Li
Published: April 2013

Effects of thermal discharge from a coastal power plant on phytoplankton community were determined in subtropical Zhanjiang Bay. Two sampling transects were chosen up and down the Zhanjiang Plant in the Zhanjiang Bay, Nine stations were located along the two transects, which were divided into four zones. Monthly boat cruises were undertaken in the bay at spring up here, tide ebb slack, neap rise open and neap tide ebb slack respectively, during the period April-October 2012. Species diversity (H') showed a distinct increasing gradient from the most thermally polluted zone to the healthy zone. The more distinct gradient occurred at spring tide. Species diversity fluctuated during April-October 2011 and four sampling tide times with no visible patterns. Evenness showed indistinct gradient from the heated water source to the control zone, and fluctuated during April-October 2011 and four sampling tide times with no visible patterns. Species richness, cell count and Chl a concentration at mixed and healthy zones were significantly higher than that at heated zones, with the maximum value recorded at mixed zone, and showed seasonal and tidal changes with no obvious pattern.
Influence of Desalinated Seawater with Softening Pretreatment on the Efficiency of Power Plant Heat Transfer System
Authors: Chen Wen Bo , Ma Jing Huan
Published: April 2013

In this study, the combination of cooling towers and plate heat exchanger was used to concentrate the seawater after desalination. The experimental results show that: The heat transfer coefficient was found to increase by 9.6% as the concentration of desalinated seawater with softening pretreatment was increased four times. With the concentration of the brine increases three times, the outlet temperature of cooling tower decrease by 1.1°C, the heat emission efficiency of cooling tower increases by 13.4%, and the evaporation loss of cooling tower increases by 20% per hour.
Study on the Biodegradability of Oxidized Sulfiting Rapeseed Oil
Authors: Ren Long Fang , Zhao Guo Hui , Wang Xue Chuan , Ren Yong Qiang
Published: April 2013

The methods of BOD5/CODCr, respiratory curve and COD30 were adopted to evaluate the biodegradability of oxidized sulfiting rapeseed oil fatliquor. The results showed that when the concentrations of the substrate were 250 mg/L and 500mg/L and the dosage of unacclimated activated sludge was 300mg and pH was 7, the substrate was biodegradable and the biodegradation rate was up to 90%. When unacclimated activated sludge was 300mg and pH was 7, the biodegradability of the substrate with the concentration of 1000mg/L became bad and the biodegradation rate reduced to 80.9%. Moreover, the effect of pH, inoculation amount and salinity on the biodegradability of the substrate was obvious. The biodegradability of the substrate was best as pH was 7 and alkaline medium had little influence on the biodegradability of the substrate. When the inoculation amount increased to 1500mg/L, the biodegradation rate increased. The biodegradability of the substrate was inhibited as the external NaCl addition was 5% or 10%. The substrate could not be degraded as the external NaCl addition was 15%. The high salinity provided hyperosmolarity for microorganism, which caused microorganism cells dehydrate and activity inhibited. When the concentration of the substrate was 500mg/L, the ratio of BOD5/CODCr increased from 0.30 to 0.46 under the optimum condition. The biodegradability of the substrate was excellent.
Isolation and Identification of High Efficient Oil-Degrading Bacteria and Formulation of Complex Bacteria
Authors: Hao Wen Jing , Mu Jun , Li Yuan
Published: April 2013

In this experiment, 25 oil degrading bacteria strains were isolated from the beach near Dalian Bay. The top 4 high efficient oil-degrading bacteria（SQ、SY 、SW、SC） were selected to be studied. Using Physiological and biochemical identification, electron microscopy, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, strain SQ was identified as Advenella kashmirensis，SY was identified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans, SW was identified as Acinetobacter venetianus，SC was identified as Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp.xylosoxidans. For the first time this experiment provided reference to application and degradation characteristics of Advenella kashmirensis in crude oil treatment. These four marine oil degrading bacteria were selected to form bacterial consortium. The most efficient mixed strains were constructed by using these four strains with proportional combination. The oil removal ratio of the optimal mixed strains increased to 70.33%, nearly 25% higher than the highest degradation rate of single bacterium, showing significant synergism in the bacterial consortium. Advenella kashmirensis enhanced oil degradation obviously, playing a crucial role in the bacterial consortium.
Estimation of Chemical Oxygen Demand by Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Profiling and Physical Parameters Using IPW-PLS Algorithm
Authors: Li Jia Chen , Huang Ping Jie , Hou Di Bo , Zhang Guang Xin
Published: April 2013

In recent years, water pollution is increasing, especially organic pollution. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) is one of the most important evaluation index. Compared with the traditional chemical analysis method of COD, the method of spectrum analysis of organic pollutant concentration in water quality detection is fast, no chemical reagent and simple operation etc, and it is a kind of green testing technology. The current spectrum method of water quality analysis is usually based on single wavelength or the feature band extracted. It is lack of methods with the full spectrum scan. Based on water quality research,we choose the spectral analysis of COD as the objective. Combining the ultraviolet absorption spectrum with the conventional five physical parameters as the absorbance in the last wave band, we use the iterative predictor partial least squares algorithm to realize the rapid detection of water quality COD.
Enhanced Heterotrophic Denitrification for the Treatment of Nitrate Contaminated Groundwater by Wheat Straw
Authors: Zhang Jian Mei , Feng Chuan Ping , Hong Si Qi , Hao Hui Ling
Published: April 2013

The method of the heterotrophic denitrification remediation of nitrate-polluted groundwater involves the study of organic carbon sources as electron donor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate wheat straw for its ability to enhance denitrification in column experiments. The inlet concentration was 50.0 mgNO3--N/L and the column operated at the flow rate of 2.0 ml/min. The result showed that in the presence of wheat straw, highly reducing conditions were generated and complete removal of nitrate (>95%) was achieved, with less accumulation of nitrite. Consequently, wheat straw is an attractive carbon source for groundwater denitrification.
Study on the Test Method of Trace Phosphorous in Drinking Water
Authors: Li Ya Feng , Li Hui Yang , Xie Xin Li
Published: April 2013

In order to get an accurate test method of trace phosphorous in drinking water, different test methods of phosphorus were researched. Drew standard curves of these methods, Calculated correlation coefficient of these standard curves for comparison. The result shows that the improved PMA-Malachite Green spectrophotometry was more accurate in the test of trace phosphorus, by using the cuvette with 1cm light path, the correlation coefficient of it's standard curve can reach 0.9995. The improved method is suitable for measuring trace phosphorus in drinking water.
The Research of Voltage Stability in Wind Power System
Authors: Ma You Jie , Zhang Yu , Zhou Xue Song
Published: April 2013

Wind power is a kind of special electric power, because of the volatility of the wind, making voltage stability has become an important research problem wind power system must facing with. Therefore, according to the relevant current research status and the main existent problems of wind power system, expounding the difference of voltage stability between the conventional energy sources and the wind power, and the influence of voltage stability to the power system which caused by wind power system. This paper mainly from the definition and the classification to introduce the voltage stability; from the research contents and methods of static and dynamic voltage stability to analyze power systems which contains wind farms, especially emphasizing the necessity of the bifurcation theory used in power system contains wind power. Finally points out that the research trend of analysis and improvement in this area.
Development and Outlook of Environmental Public Interest Litigation against Source Water Pollution – A New Judicial Practice in China
Authors: Zhu Xiao Qin , He Jin Long
Published: April 2013

Since 2007, some district courts in China set up Environmental Protection Tribunals, accepting environmental public interest litigations (EPIL) to protect source water. In this article, the authors try to sum up the experiences and problems of these three modes, they are, Guiyang Mode, Wuxi Mode and Kunming Mode. These three modes have respective innovations. They are also facing some challenges. The authors also offer some suggestions to deal with these problems.
Regeneration Effect of Fluoride-Rich Granular Activated Alumina on Desorption Regent NaOH Solution
Authors: Niu Bai Jie , Ding Wen Ming , Dang Dan
Published: April 2013

As an effective adsorbent, granular activated alumina (GAA) has been widely used in defluoridation. In order to reduce cost and operate environment-friendly, the adsorbent should be regenerated. In this paper, column experiment was done to characterize the fluoride removal properties and to develop an optimal method to regenerate fluoride-rich modified activated alumina (MGAA). The MGAA can be regenerated by utilizing sodium hydroxide solution desorption, deionized water washing and ferric sulfate reactivation and then used for futher defluoride operation. The influence of the concentration of desorption agent (NaOH solution) and desorbing time on desorption rate and the adsorption capacity of regenerated MGAA were studied. The optimal desorption condition was: 1% NaOH solution for desorption agent, desorbing time in 1.5h.In addition, when the regenerated MGAA was used again for column adsorption test, its adsorption capacity reached 94% of that of original sorbent in 1mg/L outlet fluoride concentration.
The Experiment Study on the Soil Infiltration Characteristics of Yumenkou Water Pumping Station Irrigation District of Regional Scale
Authors: Yuan Lin Hu , Fan Gui Sheng
Published: April 2013

This paper is based on an item of key problem of agriculture of Shanxi province through field test and indoor test. Capability of soil infiltration and soil moisture content,soil volume-weight,content of soil organic matter,soil structure were measured.Infiltration content and infiltration rate reflect the capability of soil infiltration. Ten points of Yumenkou irriqated area located in Hejin, Jishan,Xinjiang were choosed,which can represent the soil feature of this area very well.The study of soil infiltration will give the scientific reason for the rational determining of field irrigation technique parameter.
Cloud Simulation Platform for Water Environment Assessment
Authors: Ge Xiao Fan , Hou Di Bo , Zhang Guang Xin , Huang Ping Jie
Published: April 2013

In this paper, a platform based on SaaS cloud computing framework is developed to provide professional online cloud simulation service for water quality assessment. The DLL, WINDOWS MFC programming methods are investigated and water pollution remote simulation can be performed supported by different water simulation softwares including MATLAB, MIKE and FLUENT. The C# language is used in our programming. The major steps of establishing a water quality simulation model using FLUENT and MATLAB are introduced.
Design of an Automatic Three-Dimensional Sampling Device for Water Quality Emergency Monitoring
Authors: Lu Tian Long , Zhang Guang Xin , Huang Ping Jie , Hou Di Bo
Published: April 2013

In recent years, accidental water pollution incidents occurred frequently, so that obtaining the water quality information in emergency situation becomes very important. However, how to get effective sample quickly and comprehensively become a major problem in the emergency monitoring. In this paper, an overall scheme of an automatic three-dimensional sampling device which based on mobile carrier is proposed. Related design including development of the component hardware and software modules is presented. Through commissioning and perfecting, the device can realize remote control and fast three-dimensional sampling, which can be used to assist the environmental protection departments to deal with emergency water pollution incidents.
Evaluation and Analysis of Water Quality at the Dahuofang Reservoir Based on the Fuzzy Evaluation and Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Huang Rui , Han Long Xi , Zhang Hong , Peng Hui
Published: April 2013

Based on the fuzzy mathematics and analytical hierarchy process (AHP), the water quality was evaluated and analyzed according to 7 water pollution factors in 7 monitoring sections at the Dahuofang Reservoir which reflected the water quality at reservoir inflow, in reservoir area, and at reservoir outflow. The results show that: In 2010, the Dahuofang Reservoir was mainly polluted by nitrogen/phosphorus nutrient salts. Among the reservoir inflow, the Hunhe River was the most polluted. The water quality in reservoir area was mainly of Class II; the water quality at reservoir outflow was also of Class II, and was safe and reliable. According to the change of water quality monitoring value at three sections of Hunhe River (#73, #37 and #7) from 2005 - 2010, the pollution in the reservoir area had been effectively controlled, and the water quality in the reservoir area had been steadily improved.
Two-Step Optimization for the Design of Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Zhang Shi Ze , Yuan Yi Xing , Li Pei Ming
Published: April 2013

Genetic algorithms (GA) are currently one of the state-of-the-art techniques for the optimization of engineering systems including water distribution networks design and rehabilitation. They are capable of finding near optimal cost solutions to these problems when certain cost and hydraulic parameters are given. Since many forms of GAs rely on random starting points, that is to say, the poor solutions, it has become an ongoing research topic how to efficiently provide good initial estimates of solution sets automatically. A novel method is proposed in this paper, known as two-step optimization, which uses a heuristic-based, Dijkstra arithmetic to optimize network topology to obtain the layout of main pipes. The first step provides a good pattern for subsequent GA runs. Two-step optimization is applied to a network.. The result shows that the proposed approach consistently outperforms the traditional design and the conventional non-heuristic-based GA approach in terms of convergence and calculation efficiency.
Research and Application of a Novel Deep Profile Modification Agent for Complex Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Dou Hong Mei , Zhu Xiu Yu , Shi Xiao Wen , Ge Jian Zhuang , Liu Yu Zhen
Published: April 2013

According to low temperature, high salinity, heterogeneous and complex sandstone oil reservoirs in the Qaidam Basin. A novel profile modification agent (PMA) was developed by the author. The microscopic structure of the agent was analyzed by SEM. The PMA of 0.3% has stronger plugging capacity to cores. Its blocking coefficient was larger than 91%, and it was not less than 90% after being flushed with 20PV injected water. In parallel core test the agent could be used to adjust the reservoir permeability and enhance oil recovery substantially. The field test achieved good results.
Engineering Practice of Water Control by Nearly Orebody Curtain Grouting in Laixin Iron Mine
Authors: Shan Ren Liang , Xu Jia Fu , Zhao Xin , Wu Qin Ao , Wu Shu Jing , Huang Fei
Published: April 2013

The paper introduces the practical application of underground nearby orebody curtain grouting in Laixin iron mine. Based on the analysis of hydrogeology condition in the mine and the technical requirements of water control plans, the final water control plan introduced in the paper is chosen. Roadway horizontal drilling water-prospect grouting and transverse and slant drilling encrypting grouting are described, and quantities of the two projects are given. Finally, significant economic and environmental benefits caused by underground nearly orebody curtain grouting in Laixin iron mine are analyzed.
Effects of Bottom Aquifer on the Productivity of Chemical Flooding Applied to Multi-Layered Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Choi Byung In , Jeong Moon Sik , Lee Kun Sang
Published: April 2013

Complex geological properties of oil reservoirs affect productivity of chemical flooding. Presence of bottom-water aquifer combined with heterogeneous reservoirs has been regarded as a problem which brings out reduction of recovery factor and high water-cut. A numerical reservoir simulator is used to investigate effects of aquifer on the performance of chemical flooding. By including the effects of bottom-water aquifer, productivity decreases significantly compared with that from non-aquifer case. Results from this study emphasize the importance of an accurate assessment of performance before implementing chemical flooding, especially in unfavorable condition such as bottom-water aquifer.
Data Application Functions Implementations of Oil Spill Net Monitoring System
Authors: Xu Jin , Li Ying , Li Bo , Xu Zi Zhou , Yu Xiao Feng , Feng Hai Yang
Published: April 2013

Bohai Sea is one of China's major offshore oil producing areas. With the development of oil exploitation, continuous oil spill accidents make serious damage to economy and environment. It is necessary to establish an effective oil spill monitoring emergency system. Based on GIS technology, this paper focuses on the implementations of monitoring data application functions in Sinopec Offshore Oil Spill Net Monitoring System. And it provides a reasonable solution for oil spill emergency aid decision-making system.
The Process Mineralogy Research on Card Cover Type Gold Mine Tailings
Authors: Jiang Mei Guang , Liu Quan Jun , Xiao Hong , Yang Jun Long
Published: April 2013

The ore is a card cover type gold mine tailings of guizhou, In order to use this gold mine resources better, The process mineralogical research of carlin trend gold ore, By chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, Scanning electron microscope and electron probe composition analysis, artificial placer analysis,we have found out the The occurrence state of gold in the sample ore. Keywords: Card cover type gold deposits; tailings; Process mineralogy
Study on Pre-Concentration and Calcium Removal of Low Grade Zinc Oxide Ore
Authors: Li Ming Xiao , Jian Sheng , Zhao Wen Juan
Published: April 2013

The zinc oxide sample from the Lanping mine located in the west of Yunnan province，China, is characterized with low grade, high calcium content, high oxidation rate and heavy slime. According to the properties of the ore, a new dressing-metallurgy combined method is proposed to process the ore and the beneficiation part is discussed by this paper. Based on the regulation of reagent scheme, flotation flowsheet of pre-desliming and two rougher is conducted to obtain a zinc concentrate that Zn grade is 18.72% at Zn recovery of 90.88%. The calcium removal rate of zinc concentrate reaches to as high as 78.15% for the flotation operation, which could lay the foundation for the next acid leaching process.
Well Control Technology of High Temperature and High Pressure with Different Well Shapes
Authors: Li Yan Jun , He Xiang Nan , Feng Xiao Wei , Zhang Ya Qi , Wu Ling , Li Xiang Fang , Huang Kai Wen , Huang Yi , Luo Li Min
Published: April 2013

Well control safe is the prerequisite of safety drilling, especially for high temperature and high pressure horizontal wells. However, there are few papers about well control of horizontal well drilling, which mostly learn from vertical well control process. By means of analysis of the theory of gas kick, we conclude that underbalance, the bottom hole pressure is less than the formation pressure is the main means of gas invasion. During balance period, the gas also intrudes into wellbore through the way of direct invasion, diffusion invasion and replacement invasion, but the amount of gas kick is less, so the risk of well control is small. This paper also anlyses the kick tolerance, the kick tolerance decreases with the increasing of drilling fluid density when the formation pressure and drilling equipment is constant.
A Study on Influence Factor of Steam Flooding Development Effect in Heavy Oil Reservoir
Authors: Cai Yu Chuan , Liu Yong Jian , Li Xiang Fang , Fan Jie , Yang Jian , Peng Ze Yang , Li Ying Ying
Published: April 2013

Steam flooding is an important method to improve the recovery factor heavy oil. Produce energy would consume a certain amount of crude oil in steam flooding; as a result, the evaluation of development effect of steam flooding should consider not only the degree of reserve recovery but also the heat utilization. In this paper, through the analysis of the mechanism of steam flooding, using reservoir engineering and numerical simulation methods, research the deposition, strata dip, steam injection rate, steam quality, production injection ratio and well completion method on the impact of steam flooding development effect in heavy oil.
Concentration of Silicate-Calcareous Phosphate Rocks
Authors: Deng Rong Dong , Liu Quan Jun , Hu Ting , Ye Feng Hong
Published: April 2013

The paper focuses on the mineral characteristics of silicate-calcareous phosphate from Yunnan province and researches flotation conditions and flowsheet of phosphate. Using double-reverse flotation process to reduce the silicon and MgO, and a phosphate concentrate with P2O5 grade of 30.13%, SiO2 grade of 11.12% and P2O5 recovery of 80.16% was obtained.
Effect of Coal to Liquids on Real Road Emission Characteristics of Diesel Bus
Authors: Lou Di Ming , Wang Wen Gang , Zhi Yuan Hu , Tan Pi Qiang
Published: April 2013

The real road emissions characteristics of particulate matters (PM) and NOX were researched based on velocity and acceleration of a typical China IV diesel bus which was fueled with five different fuels, including pure China IV diesel, pure coal to liquids (CTL), different blends of China IV diesel and CTL, of which the blend ratios of the CTL were separately 10%, 20%, 50% with the use of OBS-2200 and Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS 3090). The research showed that the NOX and PM emissions of bus fueled with five different fuels all show a gradual increase with the increase of velocity and acceleration. The CTL mixed with diesel can effectively reduce the NOX emission, and the higher ratio of CTL, the more effective of reduction. The CTL mixed with diesel can reduce PN emissions for both nuclei modes and accumulated modes and reduce the peaks of PN emissions for accumulated modes so that reduce the PM emissions, the higher ratio of CTL, the more effective of reduction.
Anti-Friction and Anti-Wear Properties of SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Song Xiao Yun , Zheng Shao Hua , Chen Qiang
Published: April 2013

The SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized with a ydrothermal method and modified by oleic acid. The tribological properties of the modified SiO2 nanoparticles as bricating oil additives are studied by friction test. It was found that the nanoparticles as additives in lubricant oil can effectively improve anti-friction and anti-wear roperties. The anti-friction and anti-wear mechanisms were discussed and the lubricating effect of SiO2 nanoparticles can be attributed to rolling effect and self-repairing effect of mechanism.
Experimental Study on Fire Resisting Capacity Using Silicone Compound Material
Authors: Jang Il Young , Kim Seong Kyum , Lee Seung Jae , Park Woo Young , Kim Woo Gu , Youn Suk
Published: April 2013

When fire occurs in a concrete structure, it is hard to extinguish it because of its unique form and location, which results in a very high internal temperature of the maximum 1400°C. Due to the fine structural characteristic of concrete, the structure is likely to suffer fatal damages such as the reduction of resisting force and the damages to the cross section caused by explosive fracture. In this research, the author tested the effect of fire on structures by using fire boards with perlite-added silicone and confirmed that the fire resisting capacity varies according to the weight ratio of the addition agent, which shows what effect perlite has for the pyrolysis process. A fire resisting capacity test was also carried out by attaching a silicone composite fire board to a real size specimen. As a result of the test carried out by installing the fire boards with different thickness by section, most fire boards had excellent fire resisting capacity, and fire boards with 20mm or more thickness had also excellent fire resisting capacity
The Experimental Study on Tensile Forces of Liner System
Authors: Xu Si Fa , Yao Min Le
Published: April 2013

As there is a few area or topographic factors for landfill site, the slope angle becomes steeper because it makes much disposal capacity. Tensile force in the geotextile is caused by compaction work of disposed waste, and the tensile force is transferred into the liner system by friction, but the tensile force of liner system will change with a change of slope angle, so it is very important to determine the amount of tensile forces creating at the fixed ends of liner system for avoiding the tearing failure of liner system and designing the anchorage. In this paper, FEM analyses, in which the joint element was used to model the interface between the liner system, were conducted to estimate the tensile forces creating at the fixed ends of liner system with a change of slope angle from 1:2.5 to 1:0.2. The analysis results show that the tensile forces creating at the fixed end of liner decrease as the slope angle increases.