bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lateral Thoracic Flap in Axillary Hidradenitis SuppurativaA Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Malar KK , Kolady Jayakrishnan , Ravikumar Anjali , Padmanabhan Dakshin Sitaram
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic socially debilitating disorder of unknown aetiology. Surgical treatments include simple incision and drainage; excision followed by healing by secondary intention or split-skin grafting, and the more recent method of excision followed by local-flap reconstructions. In this study, the use of a lateral thoracic fasciocutaneous island flap based on vessels arising from the thoracodorsal or thoracic lateral vessels is described. Aim: To describe the benefit and outcomes of lateral thoracic flap reconstruction technique in treatment of axillary hidradenitis suppurativa. Materials and methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted at the Plastic Surgery Department at Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India (tertiary care center), from January 2017 to June 2018. The study included 36 patients with chronic axillary hidradenitis, who underwent lateral thoracic flap surgery on one or both axillae. These patients were studied closely preoperatively during surgery and during postoperative follow-up period. The basic demographic details, clinical parameters and Hurley stage; along with postoperative outcomes were recorded. Data was summarised using descriptive statistics. Results: The study sample consisted of 36 patients with a mean age of 38.33±13.11 years. There were 20 females and 16 males. Eleven patients were having co-morbidities in the form of type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension. The mean duration of illness was 3.17±1.44 years. Six patients had bilateral axilla involvement and underwent bilateral axillary reconstructions. Out of these 36 patients; 30 patients only had antibiotic treatment previously and five patients underwent excision of affected axillary skin previously without flaps; one patient was treatment naïve. Twenty four patients were Hurley stage 2 and 12 were stage 3. These patients were taken up for repair with a lateral thoracic flap. The mean postoperative hospitalisation was 6 days. There was no impairment of shoulder movement in the early or late postoperative period. There were no surgical complications in terms of vessel damage or flap viability. All flaps healed without complications and there was no recurrence of disease or scar contracture during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Lateral thoracic flap reconstruction for axillary hidradenitis suppurativa is without doubt the strategy for treating axillary HS due to its lower recurrence rates.
Factors Impacting the Acceptance Level of Insurance Policies by Small and Medium Enterprises in Sri Lanka
Authors: Thathsarani U. G. S. , Wijayasinghe Sachin
Published: October 2022

Aim: The focus of this study is to provide insight into the acceptance level of insurance policies by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Sri Lanka.

Study Design: Quantitative research strategy was incorporated into the study.

Place and Duration of Study: Owners, managers, and employees of SMEs were identified as respondents for this study, between June 2020 and July 2021.

Methodology: This study was conducted based on Primary Data gathered by distributing questionnaires. The sample profile is tested through frequency analysis. To evaluate the goodness of data, the reliability and validity of the measurement items are utilized. Here factor analysis, average variance extracted, Cronbach’s alpha values, and discriminant validity are tested. The multiple regression analysis is utilized to determine whether Lack of awareness, High premium cost and paperwork, Experience and beliefs, Low-Income level, Lack of knowledge, and lack of relationship between SMEs and Insurance companies affect the acceptance level of insurance by SMEs in Sri Lanka.

Results: The overall results of the hypothesis of the study are presented based on multiple regression analysis. Sig. (p) values of Lack of Awareness (p =.010), Experience and Beliefs (p =.002), Low Income Level (p =.000), and Lack of Knowledge (p =.000). The findings revealed that Lack of Awareness, Experience, and beliefs, Low-income level and Lack of knowledge of SMEs have a significant impact on the acceptance level of insurance policies by SMEs.

Conclusion: Lack of Awareness, Experience and beliefs, Low-Income level, and Lack of knowledge has caused to inhibit acceptance level of insurance policies by SMEs. In designing insurance plans for SMEs, these factors should be taken into account by Insurance providers.
Impact of Chemical Weed Management Practices on Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Balance in Soil of High Density Planting Cotton in Deep Vertisols
Authors: Shankar Kamble Anand , Channabasavanna A. S. , Ajayakumar M. Y. , Koppalkar B. G.
Published: October 2022

In order to assess Clomazone 50 EC's effectiveness on seed cotton yield, nutrient uptake, and balance in HDPS cotton in deep Vertisols of the Northern Karnataka region, a field experiment was carried out in 2017–18 and 2018–19. The recommended course of treatment includes pre-emergence applications of Clomazone 50 EC at 250, 500, and 750 g a.i./ha compared to pendimethalin 37.5 CS@680 g a.i./ha, post-emergence applications of pyrithiobac sodium 10 EC and quizalofop ethyl hand weeding at 25 DAS and intercultivation at 50 and 75 days after sowing, as well as weed free. The experiment was set up using a randomised block design with triple replication. The application of Clomazone 50 EC @ 250 g a.i./ha was found to be effective in weed control and enhanced seed cotton yield (38.5%), according to the results. It led to excellent weed control, decreased nitrogen uptake by weeds, and increased nutrient uptake by the crop. Additionally, it leads to the least amount of nutrient losses in terms of uptake and losses. In order to effectively manage weeds in cotton, it was observed that Clomazone 50 EC @ 250 g a.i/ha, followed by pyrithiobac sodium 10 EC @ 75 g a.i./ha + Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC @ 75 g a.i./ha at 25 DAS, were the best applications.
Effect of Non-Chemical Weed Management Approaches on Yield and Nutrient Uptake in High Density Planting of Cotton in Vertisol of Northern Karnataka
Authors: Shankar Kamble Anand , Channabasavanna A. S.
Published: October 2022

In order to investigate the impact of non-chemical eco-friendly weed management strategies on the yield, nutrient uptake, and soil balance of high density planting cotton in deep vertisols, a field experiment was carried out in 2017 and 2018 at the Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, UAS, Raichur. Three replications were used in the experiment's Randomized Completely Block Design layout. There were 14 different interventions used, including polythene mulch, paddy straw mulch, cotton stalk mulch, intercropping with green manures at a 1:1 ratio (sunnhemp and cowpea), four different botanical extracts at 20% as PE (Eucalyptus sp.,  Prosopis juliflora extract, Cassia tora, and Parthenium hysterophorus), mechanical, cultural, and their combination, in comparison to weed-free check. Three replicated randomised complete block design was used to conduct the experiment. The two years pooled data showed that, compared to the other treatments, weed free check had a significantly higher seed cotton production (1,722 kg /ha). It was then followed by Cotton + Sunnhemp (1:1) in-situ mulching at 45 DAS (1299 kg /ha), pendimethalin 38.7 CS @ 680 g a.i./ha as PE fb pyrithiobac sodium 10 EC 75 g a.i./ha + quizolofop ethyl 37.5 g a.i./ha at 25 DAS as PoE (1274 kg /ha), The environmentally friendly treatments, such as cotton + sunnhemp (1:1) and in-situ mulching at 45 DAS, mulching with black polythene sheet, cotton + cowpea (1:1) and in-situ mulching at 45 DAS, and others, were on par with weed free check and may be suggested since they were the best options.
Characterization of caregivers of people with disabilities: invisibility and challenges of caring for in the rural context / Caracterização de cuidadores de pessoas com deficiência: invisibilidade e desafios de cuidar no contexto rural
Authors: Fontana Darielli Gindri Resta , Santini Souza Neila , Bigolin Jantsch Leonardo , Santos Colomé Isabel Cristina , Silveira Andressa , Bastos da Silva Ethel
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: analisar as características dos cuidadores familiares de Pessoas com Deficiência no contexto rural. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, com 219 cuidadores de Pessoas com deficiência, que vivem no contexto rural, em oito municípios do sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no período de setembro de 2018 a junho de 2019, por meio de um questionário com variáveis de caracterização e condições do cuidado e do cuidador. A análise dos dados foi realizada por frequência e comparação de frequência. Resultados: os cuidadores domiciliares são, em sua maioria, mulheres, mães, com idade entre 40-60 anos e com baixa escolaridade. Adoeceram após começar a cuidar, descansam pouco e necessitam melhores condições de saúde para ampliar sua qualidade de vida. Conclusão: no contexto rural as cuidadoras de pessoas com deficiência são, muitas vezes, invisíveis aos serviços de saúde e necessitam ser cuidadas.
Preventive measures of the COVID-19 adopted by the health professional in the family coexistence / Medidas de prevenção da COVID-19 adotadas pelos profissionais de saúde no convívio familiar
Authors: Da Silva Costa Cabral Polyana Carla , Lopes de Sousa Muñoz Rilva , De Oliveira e Silva Ana Cristina , Pereira Nogueira Wynne , Moreira Casimiro de Oliveira Fabiola , Gir Elucir
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: analisar as medidas não farmacológicas de prevenção da Covid-19 adotadas pelos profissionais de saúde da Atenção Primária à Saúde no convívio familiar. Métodos: estudo transversal, analítico, realizado com 229 profissionais de saúde da Atenção Primária. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário virtual na plataforma Survey Monkey. Teste Qui-Quadrado, exato de Fisher e regressão logística foram utilizados para as análises de dados. Resultados: a maioria dos profissionais utilizou medidas como higiene das mãos, limpeza de ambiente, higiene dos alimentos, uso de máscaras de tecido e distanciamento físico dos familiares. Profissionais de saúde do sexo masculino e solteiros/divorciados tem uma menor chance para adotar a limpeza do ambiente, higiene dos alimentos e uso de máscaras de tecido. Conclusão: a adoção das medidas não farmacológicas contra a Covid-19 pelos profissionais de saúde em seu convívio familiar é fundamental para a diminuição do risco de contágio entre seus familiares.
Cross-sectional Comparison of Disparities by Race Using White vs Hispanic as Reference Among Children and Youths With Developmental Disabilities Referred for Speech Therapy
Authors: Elliott Thomas , Floyd James Kortney , Coleman Karen J. , Skrine Jeffers Kia , Nau Claudia L. , Choi Kristen
Published: October 2022

Importance

Health care research on racial disparities among children and youths has historically used the White race as a reference category with which other racial and ethnic groups are compared, which may inadvertently set up Whiteness as a standard for health.

Objective

To compare 2 interpretations of an analysis of racial disparities in speech therapy receipt among children and youths with developmental disabilities: a traditional, White-referenced analysis and a Hispanic majority-referenced analysis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used multiple logistic regression to analyze speech therapy referrals for children, adolescents, and transition age youths in an integrated health care system in Southern California from 2017 to 2020. Eligible participants were children and youths up to age 26 years with 1 or more diagnosed intellectual or developmental disability (eg, autism spectrum disorder, speech or language delay, developmental delay, Down syndrome, and others).

Exposures

Child or youth race and ethnicity as reported by parents or caregivers (Asian, Black and African American, Hispanic and Latinx, American Indian or Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, White, multiple, and other).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Receipt of speech therapy within 1 year of referral.

Results

A total 66 402 referrals were included; 65 833 referrals (99.1%) were for children under age 17 years, 47 323 (71.3%) were for boys, and 39 959 (60.2%) were commercially insured. A majority of participants were identified as Hispanic (36 705 [55.3%]); 6167 (9.3%) were identified as Asian, 4810 (7.2%) as Black, and 14 951 (22.5%) as White. In the traditional racial disparities model where the reference category was White, referrals of children and youths who identified as Hispanic, Black, Pacific Islander, and other had lower odds of actual receipt of speech therapy compared with referrals for White children and youths (Hispanic: OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.75-0.83; Black: OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66-0.78; Pacific Islander: OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.98). When using the majority race group (Hispanic) as the reference category, referrals for children and youths who identified as White (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.20-1.30), Asian (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.30), and multiracial (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.08-1.71) had higher odds of resulting in actual service receipt in comparison with referrals for Hispanic children and youths.

Conclusions and Relevance

The cross-sectional study demonstrates the value of decentering Whiteness in interpreting racial disparities research and considering racial differences against multiple referents. Racial disparities researchers should consider investigating multiple between-group differences instead of exclusively using White as the default reference category.
Association of Guideline Complexity With Individuals’ Ability to Determine Eligibility for COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Schurr E. Hanna , Luisi Nicole , Sanchez Travis , Lopman Benjamin A. , Bradley Heather , Sullivan Patrick S. , Siegler Aaron J.
Published: October 2022

This cross-sectional study examines the association between the complexity of consumer guidelines for COVID-19 vaccination and identification of eligibility.
Direct Writing Unclonable Watermarks with an Electrochemical Jet
Authors: Speidel Alistair , Bisterov Ivan , Clare Adam Thomas
Published: October 2022

Counterfeit parts result in significant losses per annum and are often dangerous, therefore they represent a serious concern for manufacturers and end users alike. Easily written but unclonable watermarks undermine the proposition of the counterfeiter. Here, a rapid electrochemical jet engraving routine is presented to encode robust materials with self‐organized dendritic structures at length scales that can be imaged with a smartphone. Surface defects act as stochastically distributed seeds from which discrete pitting events can be propagated by translating the electrochemical field. While the vascular pathways can be directly written at the macro scale, the formation and propagation of microscale dendritic arms is chaotic, caused by the implicit randomness of the defect seeds and the supply of ions to the surface. The latter is confounded by random perturbations in the flow condition. Each engraved dendrite is unique, stable at high temperature (>500 °C) and can be subjected to rapid image recognition to allow individual mark identification at any point during part production and delivery, or through part lifetime.
Neuroprotective Treatments for Ischemic Stroke: Opportunities for Nanotechnology
Authors: Kong Jianglong , Chu Runxuan , Wang Yi
Published: October 2022

Stroke is one of the major causes of death and severe disability worldwide. At present, intravenous thrombolysis to restore blood flow at the ischemic part of the brain is the main treatment for ischemic stroke. However, even if patients are treated in time during the therapeutic window of thrombolytic drugs, thrombolysis causes a sharp increase in oxygen concentration at the injury site after ischemia–reperfusion, leading to the outbreak of free radicals, which further aggravates the brain injury. Neuroprotective therapy, which is combined with thrombolytic therapy, is an important treatment for ischemic stroke and metabolic disorders caused by ischemic brain injury. It can inhibit various types of cell necrosis, increase cell viability, delay neuronal death, and promote the recovery of neural functions. This review summarizes novel neuroprotective treatments for stroke, especially nanotechnology‐assisted advanced targeted therapies. Future prospects and challenges are also discussed for the development of neuroprotective nanomaterials.
Repair Strategies and Bioactive Functional Materials for Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Wu Di , Li Gaocai , Zhou Xingyu , Zhang Weifeng , Liang Huaizhen , Luo Rongjin , Wang Kun , Feng Xiaobo , Song Yu , Yang Cao
Published: October 2022

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the leading cause of low back pain, which represents a highly prevalent chronic aging‐associated disorder with a large socio‐economic burden and a great decline in the quality of life, contributing to the pressing need for IVD treatments. Thus, finding effective disease‐modifying approaches for postponing the progression of IVD degeneration and repairing degenerated intervertebral discs is of great importance, even facing various challengeable obstacles. Bioactive functional materials exhibit excellent advances in modulating cell activity and remodeling tissue homeostasis, which acts as a promising and accessible therapeutic approach to tissue repair and organ reconstruction. Recently, these have been notably explored to investigate bioactive functional materials‐based repair strategies for intervertebral disc recovery and regeneration, including cell‐based tissue engineering, the development of implants for disc recovery, and therapeutic methods for remodeling the functional integrity of the IVD. This review summarizes the advanced progress of bioactive functional materials in IVD repair and regeneration, and discusses their regulatory mechanisms, limitations, challenges as well as their clinical translational prospects in the future.
A Reverse‐Defect‐Engineering Strategy toward High Edge‐Nitrogen‐Doped Nanotube‐Like Carbon for High‐Capacity and Stable Sodium Ion Capture
Authors: Liang Mingxing , Liu Ningning , Zhang Xiaochen , Xiao Yi , Yang Jinhu , Yu Fei , Ma Jie
Published: October 2022

Developing high‐performance defect‐rich carbon materials with abundant accessible active sites is exceedingly vital for electrochemical water desalination, but this still remains a significant challenge. Herein, a reverse‐defect‐engineering strategy is reported to synthesize high edge‐nitrogen‐doped nanotube‐like carbon through the annealing process of protonated g‐C3N4 under H2 atmosphere. The hydrogen bonds interaction between the proton and nitrogen atoms performs a crucial role in regulating nitrogen configurations. The nitrogen‐doped carbon obtained from HCl pretreatment (HCl‐NC) reduces the proportion of graphitic N and exhibits a high ratio of pyrrolic N to pyridinic N. Thus, the resulting synergetic structure of high edge‐type N and small graphitic carbon nanodomains ensures more accessible active sites and fast charge‐transfer kinetics simultaneously, contributing to high desalination capacity (100.3 mg g−1 at 1.2 V), fast time‐average specific adsorption rate (1.7 mg g−1 min−1), low energy consumption (82.9 kJ molNaCl−1), and superior cyclic stability (no signs of performance decay after long‐term cycling). The Na+‐intercalation mechanism and structure‐response relationship of HCl‐NC are revealed by the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and density functional theory calculations, respectively. This study provides a novel idea to modulate the nanotube‐like, nitrogen‐containing configurations for engineering carbon nanomaterials for advanced electrochemical applications.
Triarylboron‐Doped Acenethiophenes as Organic Sonosensitizers for Highly Efficient Sonodynamic Therapy with Low Phototoxicity
Authors: Liu Kanglei , Jiang Zhenqi , Zhao Fenggui , Wang Weizhi , Jäkle Frieder , Wang Nan , Tang Xiaoying , Yin Xiaodong , Chen Pangkuan
Published: October 2022

The development of efficient organic sonosensitizers is crucial for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) in the field of cancer treatment. Herein, a new strategy for the development of efficient organic sonosensitizers based on triarylboron‐doped acenethiophene scaffolds is presented. The attachment of boron to the linear acenethiophenes lowers the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy, resulting in redshifted absorptions and emissions. After encapsulation with the amphiphilic polymer DSPE‐mPEG2000, it is found that the nanostructured BAnTh‐NPs and BTeTh‐NPs (nanoparticles of BAnTh and BTeTh) shows efficient hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation under ultrasound (US) irradiation in aqueous solution with almost no phototoxicity, which can overcome the shortcomings of O2‐dependent SDT and avoid the potential cutaneous phototoxicity issue. In vitro and in vivo therapeutic results validate that boron‐doped acenethiophenes as sonosensitizers enable high SDT efficiency with low phototoxicity and good biocompatibility, indicating that boron‐functionalization of acenes is a promising strategy toward organic sonosensitizers for SDT.
Biomineralized Two‐Enzyme Nanoparticles Regulate Tumor Glycometabolism Inducing Tumor Cell Pyroptosis and Robust Antitumor Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Sijia , Zhang Ying , Feng Yuanji , Wu Jiayan , Hu Yingying , Lin Lin , Xu Caina , Chen Jie , Tang Zhaohui , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi
Published: October 2022

Currently, immune checkpoint therapy combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy is a useful strategy for improving immunotherapy's therapeutic efficacy. However, chemotherapy and radiotherapy cause serious side effects, so finding safe and effective methods to combine with immunotherapy is critical. In this work, regulating tumor glycometabolism is found to induce tumor cell pyroptosis and regulate the degree of expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Therefore, how to treat tumors by regulating tumor glycometabolism in combination with anti‐PD‐L1 therapy is investigated here. First, the biomineralization‐like method is used to construct nanoparticles with two‐enzymatic activity by hybridizing nanozymes and glucose oxidase (GOx). It has the ability to self‐amplify regulation of the glycometabolism of tumor cells. It can also induce tumor cell pyroptosis and increase the expression of PD‐L1 in tumor cells. To treat tumors, nanoparticles are further combined with anti‐PD‐L1, which substantially inhibits tumor development and significantly increases  the survival time of mice. Combination therapy also has a significant immunological memory effect, successfully preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis. This is thought to be the first study that combines tumor glycometabolism with immunocheckpoint blocking in cancer therapy. This innovative, safe, low‐toxic, and highly effective anti‐tumor strategy can have good prospects in clinical applications.
Engineered Extracellular Vesicles with SHP2 High Expression Promote Mitophagy for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment
Authors: Xu Fang , Wu Yi , Yang Qianyu , Cheng Ying , Xu Jialu , Zhang Yue , Dai Huaxing , Wang Beilei , Ma Qingle , Chen Yitong , Lin Fang , Wang Chao
Published: October 2022

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a fundamental pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, toxicity and poor brain enrichment of existing mitophagy inducers limit their further applications. In this study, a platform for AD therapy is developed using nanosized mesenchymal‐stem‐cells‐derived extracellular vesicles with tyrosine phosphatase‐2 (SHP2) high‐expression (MSC‐EVs‐SHP2). The high blood–brain barrier penetration ability of MSC‐EVs‐SHP2 is demonstrated in AD‐mice, facilitating SHP2 delivery to the brain. In addition, MSC‐EVs‐SHP2 significantly induces mitophagy of neuronal cells, which alleviates mitochondrial damage‐mediated apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mitophagy further diminishes neuronal cells apoptosis and neuroinflammation, culminating with rescued synaptic loss and cognitive decline in an AD mouse model. The EV‐engineering technology provides a potential platform for effective AD therapy by inducing mitophagy.
A Nonflammable High‐Voltage 4.7 V Anode‐Free Lithium Battery
Authors: Liang Peng , Sun Hao , Huang Cheng‐Liang , Zhu Guanzhou , Tai Hung‐Chun , Li Jiachen , Wang Feifei , Wang Yan , Huang Chen‐Jui , Jiang Shi‐Kai , Lin Meng‐Chang , Li Yuan‐Yao , Hwang Bing‐Joe , Wang Chang‐An , Dai Hongjie
Published: October 2022

Anode‐free lithium‐metal batteries employ in situ lithium‐plated current collectors as negative electrodes to afford optimal mass and volumetric energy densities. The main challenges to such batteries include their poor cycling stability and the safety issues of the flammable organic electrolytes. Here, a high‐voltage 4.7 V anode‐free lithium‐metal battery is reported, which uses a Cu foil coated with a layer (≈950 nm) of silicon–polyacrylonitrile (Si‐PAN, 25.5 µg cm−2) as the negative electrode, a high‐voltage cobalt‐free LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) as the positive electrode and a safe, nonflammable ionic liquid electrolyte composed of 4.5 m lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt in N‐methyl‐N‐propyl pyrrolidiniumbis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (Py13FSI) with 1 wt% lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as additive. The Si‐PAN coating is found to seed the growth of lithium during charging, and reversibly expand/shrink during lithium plating/stripping over battery cycling. The wide‐voltage‐window electrolyte containing a high concentration of FSI− and TFSI− facilitates the formation of stable solid‐electrolyte interphase, affording a 4.7 V anode‐free Cu@Si‐PAN/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 battery with a reversible specific capacity of ≈120 mAh g−1 and high cycling stability (80% capacity retention after 120 cycles). These results represent the first anode‐free Li battery with a high 4.7 V discharge voltage and high safety.
Ferrimagnetic Dynamics Induced by Spin‐Orbit Torques
Authors: Sala Giacomo , Gambardella Pietro
Published: October 2022

Ferrimagnets are the magnetic materials with the fastest current‐induced dynamics reported so far. Among them, rare‐earth transition‐metal (RE‐TM) alloys offer a fertile playground for studying the behavior of multi‐sublattice systems with tunable composition and magnetic interactions. This review provides a survey of the magnetic dynamics excited by current‐induced spin‐orbit torques (SOTs) in RE‐TM ferrimagnets coupled to heavy‐metal layers. It summarizes the magnetic properties of RE‐TM alloys and discusses how interfacial SOTs result in efficient magnetization switching and fast domain‐wall motion close to the magnetization and angular momentum compensation points. Recent work shows that the switching is a multiphase process affected by significant stochastic fluctuations. However, strong SOTs results in fast and deterministic sub‐ns switching with minimal energy dissipation. In addition, the RE and TM magnetizations can respond asynchronously to SOTs during the reversal. This asynchronous dynamics pinpoints the different strength of the SOTs acting on the two sublattices and challenges the usual assumption of rigid inter‐sublattice antiferromagnetic coupling. Overall, the ability to tailor the timescale and reversal mode of RE‐TM alloys allows for optimizing the speed of ferrimagnetic spintronic devices and provides insight into the current‐induced transfer of angular momentum in systems with synergistic ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions.
Surface Bending Resistance in Architected Nanoporous Metallic Materials
Authors: Zhang Yongchao , Cai Jun , Mi Changwen , Akbarzadeh Abdolhamid
Published: October 2022

Finite element method (FEM) is considered as a powerful tool for predicting the mechanical behavior of complex structures. However, the commercially available numerical packages based on FEM are mainly limited to the evaluation of multiphysical properties at the continuum scale and are unable to accurately evaluate the response of nanomaterials since the dominant surface effects in nanoscale analysis are overlooked. In this study, our introduced numerical methodology not only incorporates the effects of surface residual stress and surface tensile stiffness based on the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity but also takes into account the bending stiffness of nanosurfaces in the numerical analysis. The computational results reveal that the stress concentration in nanoporous metallic materials is affected by the void geometry and is enhanced by the surface bending stiffness. In addition, the effect of void geometrical parameters on the elastic properties of nanoporous metallic metamaterials with negative Poisson's ratio is studied and the mechanism of surface tensile/bending stiffness is revealed in detail. The results show that the surface bending stiffness increases the effective Young's modulus of nanoarchitected metallic materials with negative Poisson's ratio and randomly distributed nanopores.
Dedicated Boundary Element Modeling for Nanoparticle‐on‐Mirror Structures Incorporating Nonlocal Hydrodynamic Effects
Authors: Zheng Xuezhi
Published: October 2022

A boundary element modeling for predicting the plasmonic response from a Nanoparticle‐on‐Mirror (NPoM) structure is proposed. The NPoM can be considered as one of the most important platforms in the research on nanophotonics. Instead of using the local response model to describe the optical response of metals, the nonlocal hydrodynamic model is used to account for the dynamics of free electrons in the metallic NP and the metallic mirror beneath. A system of boundary integral equations (BIEs) is derived to describe the interaction of light with the NPoM structure. The BIEs are solved by the boundary element method. To validate the implementation, two exemplary structures are considered: the Nanosphere‐on‐Mirror structure and the Nanocube‐on‐Mirror structure. By contrasting with the results from previous works and the results from a generalized T‐matrix method, both a qualitative and quantitative agreement in the near field and the far field regimes are observed.
Small Molecule Based Organic Photo Signal Receiver for High‐Speed Optical Wireless Communications
Authors: Cho Seonghyeon , Heo Chul‐Joon , Lim Younhee , Oh Seoyeon , Minami Daiki , Yu Minseok , Chun Hyunchae , Yun Sungyoung , Seo Hwijoung , Fang Feifei , Park Jeong‐Il , Ham Cheol , Shin Jisoo , Choi Taejin , Lim Juhyung , Kim Hyeong‐Ju , Hong Hye Rim , Shibuya Hiromasa , Yi Jeoungin , Choi Byoungki , Park Kyung‐Bae
Published: October 2022

The present work describes the development of an organic photodiode (OPD) receiver for high‐speed optical wireless communication. To determine the optimal communication design, two different types of photoelectric conversion layers, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) and planar heterojunction (PHJ), are compared. The BHJ‐OPD device has a −3 dB bandwidth of 0.65 MHz (at zero bias) and a maximum of 1.4 MHz (at −4 V bias). A 150 Mbps single‐channel visible light communication (VLC) data rate using this device by combining preequalization and machine learning (ML)‐based digital signal processing (DSP) is demonstrated. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the highest data rate ever achieved on an OPD‐based VLC system by a factor of 40 over the previous fastest reported. Additionally, the proposed OPD receiver achieves orders of magnitude higher spectral efficiency than the previously reported organic photovoltaic (OPV)‐based receivers.
Smart Electronic Textile‐Based Wearable Supercapacitors
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Afroj Shaila , Novoselov Kostya S. , Karim Nazmul
Published: October 2022

Electronic textiles (e‐textiles) have drawn significant attention from the scientific and engineering community as lightweight and comfortable next‐generation wearable devices due to their ability to interface with the human body, and continuously monitor, collect, and communicate various physiological parameters. However, one of the major challenges for the commercialization and further growth of e‐textiles is the lack of compatible power supply units. Thin and flexible supercapacitors (SCs), among various energy storage systems, are gaining consideration due to their salient features including excellent lifetime, lightweight, and high‐power density. Textile‐based SCs are thus an exciting energy storage solution to power smart gadgets integrated into clothing. Here, materials, fabrications, and characterization strategies for textile‐based SCs are reviewed. The recent progress of textile‐based SCs is then summarized in terms of their electrochemical performances, followed by the discussion on key parameters for their wearable electronics applications, including washability, flexibility, and scalability. Finally, the perspectives on their research and technological prospects to facilitate an essential step towards moving from laboratory‐based flexible and wearable SCs to industrial‐scale mass production are presented.
Effect of stereoregularity on excitation‐dependent fluorescence and room‐temperature phosphorescence of poly(2‐vinylpyridine)
Authors: Du Hongxu , Zhao Wenjing , Xia Yijie , Xie Siyu , Tao Yi , Gao Yi Qin , Zhang Jie , Wan Xinhua
Published: October 2022

Preparation of non‐conjugated luminescent polymers (NCLPs) with excellent cluster luminescence (CL) performance is of great significance for scientific and industrious applications, and yet improving the performance of NCLPs through proper structural design is still a huge challenge. Herein, we report a non‐conjugated ionized polymeric system consisting of (−)‐camphorsulfonic acid ((−)‐CSA) and poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (P2VP). These acid‐base complexes exhibit typical excitation‐dependent fluorescence and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with a lifetime up to 364 ms. We discover that changing the stereoregularity from atactic to isotactic significantly improves the CL performance of the complex. It (1) broadens the fluorescence emission spectra to cover the entire visible region, (2) enhances the fluorescence emission intensity at long wavelength beyond 500 nm, (3) enhances the phosphorescence intensity, and (4) extends the phosphorescence lifetime. Systematical experimental characterization and molecular dynamics simulation unravel the key role of stereoregularity in determining the formation of different pyridine aggregates that strongly influence the CL performance. Moreover, the different luminescence shows great potential in excitation divided information display and time‐resolved encrypted display. This work not only points to a new direction for developing NCLPs with excellent performance, but also broadens the applications of NCLPs materials.
Near‐infrared fluorophores with absolute aggregation‐caused quenching and negligible fluorescence re‐illumination for in vivo bioimaging of nanocarriers
Authors: Cai Yifan , Ji Xin , Zhang Yunsen , Liu Chang , Zhang Zichen , Lv Yongjiu , Dong Xiaochun , He Haisheng , Qi Jianping , Lu Yi , Ouyang Defang , Zhao Weili , Wu Wei
Published: October 2022

Environment‐responsive fluorophores with aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) properties have been applied to track nanocarriers with reduced artefacts caused by unbound or free fluorophores but suffer from incomplete fluorescence quenching and significant re‐illumination, which undermine bioimaging accuracy. Herein, through structural modifications to reinforce the hydrophobicity, planarity and rigidity of fluorophores with an aza‐BODIPY framework, probes featuring absolute ACQ (aACQ) and negligible re‐illumination are developed and evaluated in various nanocarriers. aACQ probes, FD‐B21 and FD‐C7, exhibit near‐infrared emission, high quantum yield, photostability, water sensitivity, and negligible re‐illumination in blood, plasma and 1% Tween‐80 in contrast to ACQ probe P2 and conventional probe DiR. All nanocarriers can be labeled efficiently by the tested fluorophores. Polymeric micelles (PMs) labeled by different aACQ probes manifest similar biodistribution patterns, which however differ from that of DiR‐labeled PMs and could be ascribed to the appreciable re‐illumination of DiR. Significantly lower re‐illumination is also found in aACQ probes (2%–3%) than DiR (20%–40%) in Caco‐2, Hela, and Raw264.7 cells. Molecular dynamics simulations unravel the molecular mechanisms behind aggregation and re‐illumination, supporting the hypothesis of planarity dependency. It is concluded that aACQ fluorophores demonstrate excellent water sensitivity and negligible fluorescence re‐illumination, making themselves useful tools for more accurate bioimaging of nanocarriers.
Modeling filtered heat transfer model by considering dimensionless temperature difference between gas and solid phases
Authors: Li Yu , Han Sen , Yu Yaxiong , He Xieyu , Huang Zheqing , Zhou Qiang
Published: October 2022

Computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method is used to simulate gas–solid flows with heat transfer. The strategy of repetitively resetting the gas phase temperature is adopted to maintain the temperature difference between the gas and solid phases. The difference between the heat transfer characteristics produced by this strategy and the traditional heat source method is analyzed. It is found that heat transfer in dense regions is artificially enhanced by the heat source method. Therefore, the results obtained by the temperature reset method are filtered to develop a three‐marker model for the filtered interphase heat transfer coefficient (IHTC). In the developed model, the filtered gas–solid temperature difference is nondimensionalized by the average gas–solid temperature difference in surrounding grids, which is shown to have an impact on the filtered IHTC. The developed model is demonstrated to be effective and accurate in both a prior and a posterior tests.
Separation of vanadium and tungsten in roasting‐acid leaching solutions of the spent selective catalytic reducing denitration catalyst by co‐extraction using hydroxyoxime extractant‐quaternary ammonium salt extractant LIX984–N263 extractant
Authors: Liu Shunliang , Feng Yali , Li Haoran
Published: October 2022

This study presents a synergistic extraction and recovery of vanadium and tungsten by mixed extractants (LIX984 and N263) from an acid leaching solution which was obtained from spent denitrification catalysts by chlorination heat treatment and acid leaching. Through thrice counter‐flow extraction, 99.5% V and 99.7% W were extracted, while 3.0% Fe, 2.9% Ti, 2.1% P, and 3.3% Mg were co‐extracted at a LIX984:N263 volume content of 22.0%, the phase ratio of 2.5 and the mother liquor's pH of 2.5. Then, at 0.80 mol/l NaOH and a phase ratio of 1, 99.9% tungsten and 99.1% vanadium were stripped from the organic phase to the aqueous phase. Subsequently, the aqueous phase's tungsten of 99.3% and vanadium of 98.1% were separated as calcium tungstate and ammonium metavanadate, respectively. In contrast, the residual solutions containing tungsten and vanadium can be returned to the following purification separation process to recover the valuable metals from the solution. Roasting converts the precipitated calcium tungstate and ammonium metavanadate to V2O5 and WO3 products. In addition, the thermodynamic analysis found the separation and recovery of tungsten and vanadium from the acid leach solution with LIX984:N263 to be an exothermic process. This method can be effectively extended for the separation of vanadium and tungsten from spent denitrification catalysts by the proposed process and validates the conclusion that metals with similar properties can be extracted using a mixture of extractants.
Inconsistent expression of the gigas effect in polyploidOxalis
Authors: Becker Frederik W. , Oberlander Kenneth C. , Trávníček Pavel , Dreyer Léanne L.
Published: October 2022

Premise

It is well‐known that whole genome duplication (WGD) has played a significant role in the evolution of plants. The best‐known phenotypic effect of WGD is the gigas effect, or the enlargement of polyploid plant traits. WGD is often linked with increased weediness, which could be a result of fitness advantages conferred by the gigas effect. As a result, the gigas effect could potentially explain polyploid persistence and abundance. We test whether a gigas effect is present in the polyploid‐rich geophyteOxalis, at both organ and cellular scales.

Methods

We measured traits in conspecific diploid and polyploid accessions of 24 species across the genus. In addition, we measured the same and additional traits in 20 populations of the weedy and highly ploidy‐variable speciesOxalis purpureaL., including measures of clonality and selfing as a proxy for weediness. Ploidy level was determined using flow cytometry.

Results

We found substantial variation and no consistent ploidy‐related size difference, both between and within species, and across traits.Oxalis purpureapolyploids did, however, produce significantly more underground biomass and more bulbils than diploids, consistent with a potential role of WGD in the weediness of this species.

Conclusions

Our results suggest a more nuanced role for the gigas effect, at least inOxalis. It may be temporary, short‐lived, and inconsistently expressed and retained on evolutionary time scales, but in the short term can contribute to lineage success via increased vegetative reproduction.
The immune system in multiple myeloma and precursor states: Lessons and implications for immunotherapy and interception
Authors: Dhodapkar Madhav V.
Published: October 2022

Multiple myeloma (MM) and its precursor monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) are distinct disorders that likely originate in the setting of chronic immune activation. Evolution of these lesions is impacted by cross‐talk with both innate and adaptive immune systems of the host. Harnessing the immune system may, therefore, be an attractive strategy to prevent clinical malignancy. While clinical MM is characterized by both regional and systemic immune suppression and paresis, immune‐based approaches, particularly redirecting T cells have shown remarkable efficacy in MM patients. Optimal application and sequencing of these new immune therapies and their integration into clinical MM management may depend on the underlying immune status, in turn impacted by host, tumor, and environmental features. Immune therapies carry the potential to achieve durable unmaintained responses and cures in MM.
An Expedient Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Thiosulfonates by Sulfonylation of Thiols using Sulfonyl hydrazides in the Presence of Oxone
Authors: Yadav Navin , Payra Soumen , Narasimha Moorthy Jarugu
Published: October 2022

A metal‐free and green iodine‐catalyzed protocol is described herein for the synthesis of unsymmetrical thiosulfonates by sulfonylation of thiols using I2/Oxone. It's shown that oxidative cross‐coupling of thiyl radicals with sulfonyl radicals – generated from thiols and sulfonyl hydrazides, respectively, by the redox chemistry between thiol/Oxone and I2/Oxone – occurs in a facile manner at rt, providing access to unsymmetrical thiosulfonates. Diverse unsymmetrical thiosulfonates are synthesized in good‐to‐excellent isolated yields by the reactions of aryl/(hetero)aryl/alkyl thiols with a variety of aryl/(hetero)aryl/alkyl/benzyl sulfonyl hydrazides. The protocol can be further extended to the synthesis of alkyl/aryl sulfonate esters by the reactions of sulfonyl hydrazides with alcohols/phenols using I2/Oxone.
Digital culturally tailored marketing for enrolling Latino participants in a web‐based registry: Baseline metrics from the Brain Health Registry
Authors: Ashford Miriam T. , Camacho Monica R. , Jin Chengshi , Eichenbaum Joseph , Ulbricht Aaron , Alaniz Roxanne , Van De Mortel Lesley , Sorce Jennefer , Aaronson Anna , Parmar Shivam , Flenniken Derek , Fockler Juliet , Truran Diana , Mackin R. Scott , Rivera Mindt Monica , Morlett‐Paredes Alejandra , González Hector M. , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose , Weiner Michael W. , Nosheny Rachel L.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

This culturally tailored enrollment effort aims to determine the feasibility of enrolling 5000 older Latino adults from California into the Brain Health Registries (BHR) over 2.25 years.

Methods

This paper describes (1) the development and deployment of culturally tailored BHR websites and digital ads, in collaboration with a Latino community science partnership board and a marketing company; (2) an interim feasibility analysis of the enrollment efforts and numbers, and participant characteristics (primary aim); as well as (3) an exploration of module completion and a preliminary efficacy evaluation of the culturally tailored digital efforts compared to BHR's standard non–culturally tailored efforts (secondary aim).

Results

In 12.5 months, 3603 older Latino adults were enrolled (71% of the total California Latino BHR initiative enrollment goal). Completion of all BHR modules was low (6%).

Discussion

Targeted ad placement, culturally tailored enrollment messaging, and culturally tailored BHR websites increased enrollment of Latino participants in BHR, but did not translate to increased module completion.

Highlights

Culturally tailored social marketing and website improvements were implemented.

The efforts enrolled 5662 Latino individuals in 12.5 months.

The number of Latino Brain Health Registry (BHR) participants increased by 122.7%.

We failed to adequately enroll female Latinos and Latinos with lower education.

Future work will evaluate effects of a newly released Spanish‐language BHR website.
Charge‐Transfer and Spin‐Flip States: Thriving as Complements
Authors: Kitzmann Winald R. , Heinze Katja
Published: October 2022

Transition metal complexes with photoactive charge‐transfer excited states are pervasive throughout the literature. In particular, [Ru(bpy)3]2+(bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine), with its metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer emission, has been established as a key complex. Meanwhile, interest in so‐called spin‐flip metal‐centered states has risen dramatically after the molecular ruby [Cr(ddpd)2]3+(ddpd=N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dipyridin‐2‐yl‐pyridine‐2,6‐diamine) led to design principles to access strong, long‐lived emission from photostable chromium(III) complexes. This Review contrasts the properties of emissive charge‐transfer and spin‐flip states by using [Ru(bpy)3]2+and [Cr(ddpd)2]3+as prototypical examples. We discuss the relevant excited states, the tunability of their energy and lifetimes, and their response to external stimuli. Finally, we identify strengths and weaknesses of charge‐transfer and spin‐flip states in applications such as photocatalysis and circularly polarized luminescence.
Effect of hydrogen bonds on phase structure and crystallization behavior of UPy‐functionalized polyurethane
Authors: Li Xuemin , Li Kun , Chen Zhaobin , Yang Xiaoniu
Published: October 2022

Hydrogen bonding has been reported to be crucial to crystallization behavior and phase structure and consequently the properties of polyurethane (PU). However, the relationship between hydrogen bonds, crystallization, and phase structure still remains a hot topic of researches because it determines the final performance of materials. Herein, a 5‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐6‐methyl‐2‐aminouracil (UPy) group capable of forming multiple hydrogen bonds is incorporated into polyurethanes (PUUPys) to ascertain the effect of hydrogen bonds on the structure and properties of PU. It is found that the content of hydrogen bonds increases with UPy amount, which induces obvious changes in crystallization behavior of soft and hard segments. The varied crystallization further promotes microphase separation, and makes phase structure transform from two‐phase (crystalline soft domains and amorphous domains) with lower UPy amount into three‐phase (crystalline soft domains, crystalline hard domains, and amorphous domains) with higher UPy content. The adjustable hydrogen bonding and phase structure endow PUUPy with tunable mechanical properties, which, in combination with the inherent self‐healing characteristics of UPy groups, indicate great potentials of PUUPys in smart materials. This work demonstrates the principle of changing hydrogen bonding to obtain best performance in structural design of polyurethanes.