bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Strategy to Identify Endolysin With Lytic Activity Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kim Hanbeen , Seo Jakyeom
Published: February 2023

The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in the dairy industry has become a fundamental concern. Endolysins are bacteriophage-derived peptidoglycan hydrolases that induce the rapid lysis of host bacteria. We investigated endolysin candidates with lytic activity against MRSA and evaluated the lytic activity of the endolysin candidate against S. aureus and MRSA. To identify endolysins, we used the following bioinformatic strategy: (1) retrieval of genetic information, (2) annotation, (3) selection of MRSA, (4) selection of endolysin candidates, and (5) evaluation of protein solubility. We then characterized the endolysin candidate under various conditions. Approximately 67% of S. aureus was detected as MRSA and a total of 114 putative endolysins were found. The 114 putative endolysins were divided into three groups based on their combination of conserved domains. Considering the protein solubility, we selected putative endolysins 177 and 117. Putative endolysin 117 was successfully overexpressed and renamed LyJH1892. LyJH1892 lysed approximately 85% of S. aureus. LyJH1892 showed more potent lytic activity against MRSA than normal S. aureus (relative lytic activity > 125%). LyJH1892 showed broad lytic activity against coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS). In conclusion, These findings provide a rapid and useful strategy for the development of specific endolysins against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.
Human Movements Are Shaped by Utilizing Sensory Information: A Stochastic Optimum Model
Authors: Emadi Andani Mehran
Published: February 2023

Human motor planning combines such interesting aspects as modular organization in motor primitives and characteristics of stochastic optimality. Motor primitives aided in the description of motor skill learning. In this study, for the first time, an interpretation is proposed to explain how motor primitives are shaped in a stochastic optimality process.To this end, sensory information is assumed to be random variables at each moment. Theoretically, the results confirmed that the variability of a movement increased with passing time. As a result, motor planning should be performed in shorter durations to achieve an accurate movement. It means that a task should be divided into several subtasks at various stages of time. Moreover, theoretically, the results confirmed that motor planning is statistically optimal if the movement is planned in minimum jerk space, which is in accordance with what is reported in the literature. Comparing the proposed mathematical model with the results of experimental data in two different types of motor action (i.e., arm reaching movement and sit-to-stand transfer from a chair) confirmed that the proposed model can be considered a framework to investigate the effect of bottom-up information on human motor planning level. Further experiments need to investigate it more deeply.
Scapular Dyskinesis in the Athletic Patient
Authors: Sonnier John Hayden , Ciccotti Michael C. , Darius Danielle , Hall Anya T. , Freedman Kevin B. , Tjoumakaris Fotios
Published: February 2023

» Scapular dyskinesis is an alteration of normal scapular kinematics. It is essential that each patient be evaluated holistically and that sport-related factors be taken into account.

» The presentation of scapular dyskinesis may be highly variable depending on the underlying etiology or associated pathology, but the onset of symptoms is often gradual.

» Sport-specific literature on scapular dyskinesis is most commonly reported in the context of baseball, swimming, and tennis. Treatment is most often conservative and involves physical therapy directed at the scapular stabilizers.
Void Fraction Measurement Method in Gas/Liquid Two-Phase Stratified Flow
Authors: Han Bangbang , Ge Bin , Faraj Yousef , Wang Xiaojie , Fang Lide
Published: February 2023

The void fraction is a basic parameter to characterize the two-phase flow. Accurate measurement of its value is of great significance for industrial production. In this study, an optical correction system combined with software and hardware is developed. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) technology is used to measure the void fraction in gas/liquid two-phase stratified flow. The measurement results are compared with those of 2D particle image velocimetry under the same conditions, and the correction effect appears to be reasonably good. The void fraction value is obtained by the image processing of the corrected image. The accuracy of the measurement results is verified by comparing the experimental liquid-phase volumetric flow rate with that measured through a standard flowmeter. Twenty types of void fraction prediction models are evaluated using the mean absolute relative deviation (MARD), root mean square error (RMSE), and gray correlation analysis methods. The results suggest that the Armand (1946) model has the smallest MARD, RMSE value, the largest correlation degree (Ri) value, and the best prediction performance. On this basis, an improved model is proposed by fitting the relationship between void fraction and gas volume holdup.
Minimum Intensity Error Intuitionistic Fuzzy Contrast Enhancement Transformation for Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Joseph Justin , V.R. Simi
Published: February 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Long-term results of valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy for partial avascular necrosis of the femoral head after femoral neck fracture in adolescents
Authors: Chochola Antonín , Bartoníček Jan , Douša Pavel , Tuček Michal
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The study evaluates long-term results in patients treated by valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy (VITO) for partial avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) after fracture of the femoral neck in adolescent age. Although this method is mentioned in literature frequently, there are only few studies in the literature dealing with it in detail.
Methods: Authors evaluated five patients at the interval of 15 to 20 years following VITO. The mean age of the patients at the time of injury was 13.6 years and at the time of VITO 16.7 years. The studied parameters included resorption of necrotic segment of femoral head, development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis and leg shortening
Results:Comparison of radiographs and MRI scans before and after VITO showed resorption of the necrotic segment of the femoral head and its remodeling in all five patients. However, two patients gradually developed slight osteoarthritic changes. In one patient, remodeling of the femoral head occurred during the first 6 years postoperatively. Subsequently, the patient developed severe osteoarthritis with marked clinical symptoms.
Conclusion:VITO can improve the long-term function of the hip joint in adolescents with ANFH after a femoral neck fracture, but cannot restore completely the original shape and structure of the femoral head.
Spatial planning and management to control multi-ecological environmental problems: A case study of Anshan city, Liaoning, China
Authors: Zhang Tingshuang , Liu Miao , Li Chunlin , Chen Tan , Yin Hongyan , Du Yan
Published: February 2023

Spatial pattern and process studies are of global interest and typically focus on one certain environmental or ecological process, and the methods employed mostly rely upon spatial process models. Meanwhile, spatial planning is an important administrative management in regional development, especially in China. However, traditional urban planners focused more on social economy and less on eco-environment. How to conduct scientific planning is the key to solving and preventing eco-environmental problems. In this study, we proposed a synthetic spatial analysis and planning method that involves atmospheric, edaphic, hydrographic and ecological processes to zoning management and control strategies for regional sustainable goals. The method can identify key eco-environmental processes and regions effectively, divide scientific spatial control unit, and set precise management polices to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage events. The synthetic method was conducted using advanced multi-process models and spatial statistical methods, including CMAQ and SWAT models. The case study in Anshan city indicated that the models we proposed can effectively reflect the link between pollutants and land use pattern. According to the process simulation results of pollutant distribution, we combined the administrative districts and land use, divided 67 types of eco-environmental management units based on atmospheric pollution discharge, hydrographic pollution discharge, edaphic heavy metal pollution, and ecological space. For each unit, we proposed feasible management policies and control measures. This synthetic method can provide scientific analysis and guidance support spatial planning and ecological construction for multi-purpose ecological environmental protection.
Accessory hepatic vein recanalization for Budd-Chiari syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lv Lu-Lu , Xu Han-Bo , Li Sheng-Li , Xu Peng
Published: February 2023

Background
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) results when the outflow of the hepatic vein (HV) is obstructed. BCS patients exhibiting an accessory HV (AHV) that is dilated but obstructed can achieve significant alleviation of liver congestion after undergoing AHV recanalization. This meta-analysis was developed to explore the clinical efficacy of AHV recanalization in patients with BCS.
Materials and Methods
PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang databases were searched for relevant studies published as of November 2022, and RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 were used for pooled endpoint analyses.
Results
Twelve total studies were identified for analysis. Pooled primary clinical success, re-stenosis, 1- and 5-year primary patency, 1- and 5-year secondary patency, 1-year overall survival (OS), and 5-year OS rates of patients in these studies following AHV recanalization were 96%, 17%, 91%, 75%, 98%, 91%, 97%, and 96%, respectively. Patients also exhibited a significant reduction in AHV pressure after recanalization relative to preoperative levels (P < 0.00001). Endpoints exhibiting significant heterogeneity among these studies included, AHV pressure (I2 = 95%), 1-year primary patency (I2 = 51.2%), and 5-year primary patency (I2 = 62.4%). Relative to HC recanalization, AHV recanalization was related to a lower rate of re-stenosis (P = 0.002) and longer primary patency (P < 0.00001), but was not associated with any improvements in clinical success (P = 0.88) or OS (P = 0.29) relative to HV recanalization.
Conclusions
The present meta-analysis highlights AHV recanalization as an effective means of achieving positive long-term outcomes in patients affected by BCS, potentially achieving better long-term results than those associated with HV recanalization.
Improving paramedic responses for patients dying at home: a theory of change-based approach
Authors: Simpson Jane , Remawi Bader Nael , Potts Kieran , Blackmore Tania , French Maddy , Haydock Karen , Peters Richard , Hill Michael , Tidball Oliver-Jon , Parker Georgina , Waddington Michelle , Preston Nancy
Published: February 2023

Background
Paramedics are increasingly being called to attend patients dying from advanced incurable conditions. However, confidence to deal with such calls varies, with many feeling relatively unskilled in this aspect of their role. A number of interventions have been piloted to improve their skills in end-of-life care but without a fully specified theoretical model. Theory of change models can provide theoretical and testable links from intervention activities to proposed long-term outcomes and indicate the areas for assessment of effectiveness. This study aimed to develop an intervention for improving paramedic end-of-life care for patients in the community.
Methods
A theory of change approach was used as the overarching theoretical framework for developing an intervention to improve paramedic end-of-life skills. Relevant stakeholders - including specialist community paramedics, ambulance call handlers and palliative care specialists - were recruited to five consecutive online workshops. Over multiple workshops, stakeholders decided on the desired impact, short- and long-term outcomes, and possible interventions. During and between these workshops a theory of change model was created, with the components shared with stakeholders.
Results
The stakeholders agreed the desired impact was to provide consistent, holistic, patient-centred, and effective end-of-life care. Four potential long-term outcomes were suggested: 1) increased use of anticipatory and regular end-of-life medications; 2) reduced end-of-life clinical and medication errors; 3) reduced unnecessary hospitalisations; 4) increased concordance between patient preferred and actual place of death. Key interventions focused on providing immediate information on what to do in such situations including: appraising the situation, developing an algorithm for a treatment plan (including whether or not to convey to hospital) and how to identify ongoing support in the community.
Conclusions
A theory of change approach was effective at identifying impact, outcomes, and the important features of an end of life intervention for paramedics. This study identified the need for paramedics to have immediate access to information and resources to support end-of-life care, which the workshop stakeholders are now seeking to develop as an intervention.
Integrative analysis of immune infiltration and microenvironment characteristics in renal clear cell carcinoma induced by cell senescence
Authors: Zhang Xiangxiang , Wang Xiaoping , Li Hengping , Wang Xiangrong , Zhang Mao , Liu Yang , Li Xuanpeng
Published: February 2023

Background
Our study aims to investigate the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment as well as to study the immunological infiltration in renal clear cell carcinoma that results from cell senescence.
Methods
Firstly, based on information from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we collected ccRCC's mRNA, clinical data, and mutation data. From the comprehensive gene expression database (GEO), we acquired individuals gene expression profiles and relevant clinical data with ccRCC. We obtained senescence genes from the Aging Atlas database, extracted the expression of senescence genes from TCGA and GEO databases, and subsequently analyzed the differences. After which, the Kaplan Meier (KM) survival rate was utilised to determine survival-related prognostic genes; Cross genes were obtained from the intersection of differential genes and prognostic genes. By utilising the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso) regression and cross-validation, the genes included in the construction of the prognostic model were identified. The risk score was detected based on the signature, and the sample was then categorized into high-risk and low-risk groups. GSEA enrichment analysis, immune checkpoint analysis and the expression degree analysis of each model gene in immune cells were conducted among high-risk group and low-risk group respectively. The model we built was validated using the IMvigor210 database. Finally, we screened drugs that can inhibit the expression of high-risk genes from the Connectivity Map (CMAP) database by using risk differential genes.
Results
We obtained 37 cross genes and identified 17 genes that could be used to construct prediction model. We found that the tumor mutation load was higher in the high-risk groups. Even though high-risk patients were more likely to evade immunotherapy, there was no significant difference between the two groups when treated with PD-1, CTLA-4, or PD-1, combined with CTLA-4 immunotherapy. The verification results of IMvigor210 database were compatible with the study outcomes. Finally, we screened 6 drugs that can inhibit the expression of high-risk genes from the CMAP database by using risk differential genes.
Conclusion
The tumor microenvironment of ccRCC induced by cell senescence may have an immune escape or resistance when receiving immunotherapy. These findings may have some guiding significance for clinical individualized immunotherapy.
Ketamine versus Etomidate for Rapid Sequence Intubation in Patients with Trauma: A Retrospective Study in a Level 1 Trauma center in Korea
Authors: Kim Jinjoo , Jung Kyoungwon , Moon Jonghwan , Kwon Junsik , Kang Byung Hee , Yoo Jayoung , Song Seoyoung , Bang Eunsook , Kim Sora , Huh Yo
Published: February 2023

Background
Ketamine and etomidate are commonly used as sedatives in rapid sequence intubation (RSI). However, there is no consensus on which agent should be favoured when treating patients with trauma. This study aimed to compare the effects of ketamine and etomidate on first-pass success and mortality in patients with trauma after RSI-facilitated emergency intubation.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 944 patients who underwent endotracheal intubation in a trauma bay at a Korean level 1 trauma centre between January 2019 and December 2021. Outcomes were compared between the ketamine and etomidate groups after propensity score matching to balance the overall distribution between the two groups.
Results
In total, 620 patients were included in the analysis, of which 118 (19.9%) were administered ketamine and the remaining 502 (80.1%) were treated with etomidate. Patients in the ketamine group showed a significantly faster initial heart rate (105.0 ± 25.7 vs. 97.7 ± 23.6, p = 0.003), more hypotensive (114.2 ± 32.8 mmHg vs. 139.3 ± 34.4 mmHg, p < 0.001), higher GCS (9.1 ± 4.0 vs. 8.2 ±4.0, P=0.031), and higher Injury Severity Score (32.5 ± 16.3 vs. 27.0 ± 13.3, p < 0.001) than those in the etomidate group. There were no significant differences in the first-pass success rate (90.7% vs. 90.1%, p > 0.999), mortality (16.1% vs. 20.6, p=0.348), ICU LOS (14.8 ± 31.9 vs. 14.8 ± 15.5, p = 0.998), ventilator days (9.0 ± 17.9 vs. 9.6 ± 12.2, p = 0.735), or hospital stay (31.0 ± 38.6 vs. 27.3 ± 22.9, p=0.322) in the 1:3 propensity score matching analysis.
Conclusion
During trauma resuscitation, ketamine was found to be the preferred sedative for patients who were hemodynamically unstable and conscious. However, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between patients sedated with ketamine and those treated with etomidate.
A Reconfigurable Graphene Patch Antenna Inverse Design at Terahertz Frequencies
Authors: Mashayekhi Mohammad , Kabiri Pooria , Nooramin Amir saman , Soleimani Mohammad
Published: February 2023

This article investigates the inverse design of a reconfigurable multi-band patch antenna based on graphene for terahertz applications to operate frequency range (2THz – 5THz). In the first step, this article evaluates the dependence of the antenna radiation characteristics on its geometric parameters and the graphene properties. The simulation results show that it is possible to achieve up to 8.8 dB gain, 13 frequency bands, and 360° beam steering. Then and due to the complexity of the design of graphene antenna, a deep neural network (DNN) is used to predict the antenna parameters by given inputs like desired realized gain, main lobe direction, half power beam width, and return loss in each resonance frequency. The trained DNN model predicts almost with 93% accuracy and 3% mean square error in the shortest time. Then, this network was used to design five-band and three-band antennas, and it has been shown that the desired antenna parameters are achieved with negligible errors. Therefore, the proposed antenna finds many potential applications in the THz frequency band.
An instantaneous comparison between the chemometrics-assisted spectrophotometric method and liquid chromatography, a technique for identifying antibiotics in their compounded dosage formulations
Authors: Jain Pritam , Patil Deepak
Published: February 2023

Our study used chemometric-based UV–visible spectrophotometry and Reversed-phase chromatography (habitually stated to as RP chromatography) methods to estimate the amounts of pharmacological dosage forms with a combination of ofloxacin and tinidazole. Quantifying each drug in mixtures was done using UV absorption spectra of 280 to 320 nm and ∆λ of 0.5 nm. For the development of the chemometric model, 24 binary mixture solutions were used, and for validation, twelve solutions were chosen. No prior separation is required for the chemometric-assisted analysis. RP-HPLC units were constructed for quantification by using a THERMOSIL C18 column, a 0.8 and 1.0 ml/min flow rate, and an 85% phosphate: 15% acetonitrile mobile phase. Using these methods, multiple drugs were determined simultaneously in a synthetic mixture. RP-HPLC had a good agreement with PCR and PLS results when compared with the PCR and PLS results.
Utilization of patient portals: A cross-sectional study investigating associations with mobile app quality
Authors: Yaman Noha El , Zeitoun Jad , Diab Rawan , Mdai Mohamad , Diab Razan , Kobeissi Lynn , Joud Salwa Aboul , Antoun Jumana , Bardus Marco
Published: February 2023

Background
Mobile apps facilitate access to patient portals and interaction with their healthcare providers. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this trend globally, but little evidence exists on patient portal usage in the Middle East, where internet access and digital literacy are limited. Our study aimed to explore how users utilize a patient portal through its related mobile app (MyChart by EPIC).
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of MyChart users recruited from a tertiary care center in Lebanon. We collected MyChart usage patterns, perceived outcomes, and app quality based on the Mobile Application Rating Scale (user version, uMARS) and sociodemographic factors. We examined associations between app usage, app quality, and sociodemographic factors using Pearson’s correlations, Chi-square, ANOVA, and t-tests.
Results
428 users completed the survey; they were primarily female (63%), aged 41.3 ± 15.6 years, with a higher education level (87%) and a relatively high crowding index of 1.4 ± 0.6. Most of the sample was in good and very good health (78%) and had no chronic illnesses (67%), and accessed the portal through MyChart once a month or less (71%). The most frequently used features were accessing health records (98%), scheduling appointments (67%), and messaging physicians (56%). According to uMARS completers (n = 200), the objective quality score was 3.8 ± 0.5, and the subjective quality was 3.6 ± 0.7. No significant association was found between overall app usage and the mobile app quality measured via uMARS. Moreover, app use frequency was negatively associated with education, socioeconomic status, perceived health status, and chronic conditions. On the other hand, app use was positively related to the number of physician visits and subjective app quality.
Conclusion
The patient portal usage was not associated with app quality but with some of the participants' demographic factors. The app offers a user-friendly, good-quality interface to patient health records and physicians, appreciated chiefly by females with relatively low socioeconomic status and education. While this is encouraging, more research is needed to capture the usage patterns and perceptions of male patients and those with even lower education and socioeconomic status to make patient portals more inclusive.
Improvement of Serum Ferritin Levels With Inotropic Administration in Early Phase Compared to Refractory Phase in Pediatric Patients With Septic Shock: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Kanyawati Dyah , Wiradewi Anak Agung Lestari , Senapathi Tjok Gde Agung
Published: February 2023

Background: Septic shock, particularly protracted or refractory shock episodes, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric critical care unit. According to current guidelines, only refractory cases have received inotrope administration in the therapy of septic shock; however, there haven't been many investigations to determine whether earlier administration could improve outcomes.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of giving epinephrine immediately after resuscitation to giving it an hour later. The surrogate endpoint of morbidity was measured by several laboratory parameters, including peripheral oxygen saturation, leukocyte count, c-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, troponin I, and serum lactate levels. These parameters were measured at 1, 6, and 24 hours following admission.
Results: A total of 26 patients with a mean Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) score of 8.43.0 were included in the analysis. In comparison to the refractory phase, the early phase administration of inotropic resulted in reduced leukocyte count, CRP, and serum ferritin levels at 1st and 24th hours, as well as lower serum lactate levels at 6th and 24th hours. Serum ferritin levels were considerably lower at the first hour following initial inotropic delivery, with a mean difference of 1271.1 ng/mL (p = 0.026).
Conclusion: The ferritin levels at the first hour showed that inotropic administration during the first phase provided superior results than inotropic administration during the refractory phase. To analyze the results more comprehensively, further larger scale prospective investigations are required.
Induced Magnetic Anisotropy in Co/WS 2 Bilayer
Authors: Jannati S. , Aftabi A. , Rafiei A. , Tehranchi M. M.
Published: February 2023

Magnetic anisotropy plays an important role in ultrathin structures and two-dimensional materials and influences their magnetoresistance (MR) response. Here, the effects of the two-dimensional WS2 layer on the structural and magnetic properties of cobalt (Co) thin film are investigated in a Co/WS2 bilayer fabricated on Si (100) substrates. The Co layer grown on the WS2 layer formed a crystal structure whereas that individual Co isolated layer is amorphous. Both prepared samples show an out-of-plane easy axis while their in-plane anisotropy is different. The magnetic hysteresis loop and MR measurements show that there is an in-plane easy axis in the Co/WS2 bilayer due to the crystallinity formation of Co grown on WS2 which is not observed in Co isolated layer. Our results represent an interface control of anisotropy in two dimensional structures.
Numerical analysis on seismic behavior of the assembled modular steel plate shear wall with inclined slots
Authors: Yang Shengchao , Jin Shuangshuang
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes a novel multi-grids steel plate shear wall with inclined slots (called MSPSW). This MSPSW composed of the steel plates with inclined slots, precast concrete panels, the transverse and longitudinal (T&L) connecting stiffeners, and external frame components. Smaller single plates can be used in the design and installation process since the space size of individual frames inside the frame is reduced as a result of the T&L connecting stiffeners. The direction of inclined slots in the adjacent grids is opposite, which makes the lateral resistance and stiffness close to symmetry. Numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the seismic behavior. With the correct finite element model, finite element analysis is performed on the key parameters of MSPSW, such as the cross-sectional dimension of T&L connecting stiffeners, the thickness of steel plate, the width of inclined slots and the width of plate slot strips. The Mises distribution and development regular pattern of MSPSW are also explored. The FE numerical analysis discovered that the MSPSW increased the bearing capacity and energy consumption capacity of the members due to the installation of T&L connecting stiffeners. Additionally, the thickness required for concrete panels is lowered when the components are subjected to cyclical loads. Finally, the internal force development curves in frame beams and columns are extracted, it can be found that the internal forces become smaller, which weakens the demand of frame members. The theoretical calculation formulas of the maximum internal forces of frame beams and columns are provided.
Side effects of phytotherapeutics in cancer care - consistencies and inconsistencies in national and international databases
Authors: Büttner Juliane , Büntzel Judith , Büntzel Jens , Hübner Jutta
Published: February 2023

More than 80% of patients who had a cancer disease reported using phytotherapy. (8, 9)
When using herbal medicine, knowledge of potential side effects is essential for counselling the patient.
Purpose: The aim of this paper was therefore to collect information on the side effects of popular medicinal plants and to compare different official sources of information reporting on side effects of phytotherapeutics.
Methods: Four different databases were reviewed from 09 February 2021 to 01 March 2022. These were the German monographs of the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the European monographs of the EMA, the website “About Herbs” and the Red List.
One selected 171 plants of the German monographs with indications or effects that could be relevant for supportive cancer treatment.
Results: Out of 171 selected plants, only twenty plants were found in all four sources.
The compilation of the data shows a huge disparity of the number of plants listed as well as the type and frequency of side effects described. There is only one example where two sources agree: in case of Cynara cardunculus L., EMA and the Red List show the same side effects.
Conclusion: In summary, physicians should not rely exclusively on one source, but should inform themselves about side effects on several sources to ensure the best possible safety for the patient.
Since there seems to be too little data on certain medicinal plants for which no side effect has been documented, more clinical studies are needed.
Projection of Future Frequency of Severe and Extreme Droughts over Iran Country
Authors: Naderi Sohrab , Haghighi Parsa , Rouzbahani Fateme , Jahangir Mohammad Hossein , Shirvani Iman
Published: February 2023

Drought is one of the most destructive environmental hazards posing negative economic and social consequences. The country of Iran, which is located in the dry and semi-arid belt, is involved in many damages caused by drought every year, which makes it necessary to investigate. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the frequency (number of occurrences) of severe and extreme droughts in the future. At first, the output of 10 climate models of the fifth report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was combined using a weighting method, taking into account the model error, being used as a scenario file for the statistical downscaling of climate data in the LARS-WG. In the following, using SPI index, the frequency of severe and extreme drought was calculated. Examining the frequency of drought in different groups showed that the number of severe and extreme drought events will increase in most of them. The results showed that most groups will experience a significant increase in the frequency of extreme droughts compared to severe droughts. The percentage of changes in the number of extreme drought events was observed in most groups above 60%. Group 4 stations, which receive the highest amount of annual rainfall, along with group 3, suffered the highest increase in the frequency of extreme droughts. Considering that these areas are the main agricultural poles in the country, increasing the frequency of extreme drought can create harmful economic, social and environmental consequences.
The Effects of HIV Self-Test Knowledge on Recent HIV Testing Uptake in the Male Population in Gambia: Data analysis from 2019-2020 Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Soe Phyumar , Johnston Lisa G. , Makuza Jean Damascene , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul
Published: February 2023

Background
The Gambian Ministry of Health is supportive of HIV self-testing (HIVST) and HIVST initiatives are being piloted as an additional strategy to increase HIV testing for individuals not currently reached by existing services, particularly men. The manuscript aims were to determine awareness of HIVST among Gambian men, and whether prior awareness of HIVST is associated with recent HIV testing uptake.
Methods
We used men’s cross-sectional data from the 2019–2020 Gambian Demographic and Health Survey. We employed design-adjusted multivariable logistic regression to examine the effects of HIVST knowledge on recent HIV testing. Propensity-score weighting was conducted as sensitivity analyses.
Results
Of 3,308 Gambian men included in the study, 11% (372) were aware of HIVST and 16% (450) received HIV testing in the last 12 months. In the design-adjusted multivariable analysis, men who were aware of HIVST had 1.76 times (95% confidence interval: 1.26–2.45) the odds of having an HIV test in the last 12 months, compared to those who were not aware of HIVST. Sensitivity analyses revealed similar findings.
Conclusion
Knowledge of HIVST may help increase the uptake of HIV testing among men in Gambia. This finding highlights HIVST awareness-raising activities to be an important intervention for nationwide HIVST program planning and implementation in Gambia.
Self-Perceived Performance-Based Training Needs among Middle-level Nursing Managers' in Jordan
Authors: Jalghef Mohammad Abo , Eshah Nidal , Al-Oweidat Islam , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: February 2023

Background: Nurse managers need to possess specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes to fulfill their roles and responsibilities and exemplify that they are competent to do their jobs. However, there is a paucity of data on the performance-based training needs of middle-level nurse managers within the Jordanian healthcare context.
Aim: The study aimed to identify the performance-based training needs of middle-level nursing managers working in Jordanian governmental hospitals and to evaluate the differences in perceived performance-based training needs based on their socio-demographic and professional characteristics.
Methods: The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. The study recruited 132 nurses from three governmental hospitals in Jordan using convenience sampling. The Hennessy-Hicks Training Needs Questionnaire was used for data collection. Ethical approvals were obtained to conduct the study.
Results: The study revealed high critical, skill, and training need indices. Older nurses, nurses with more experience, and nurses who worked in specialized units had significantly lower training needs than younger nurses, nurses with lesser years of experience, and nurses who worked in outpatient departments. In addition, age, gender, prior training in nursing management, and years of experience as middle-level nurse managers significantly predicted the levels of training needed.
Conclusion: The findings reflected the need for training on several managerial competencies. Future research can help identify other personal and organizational factors affecting performance-based training needs.
Well Placement Design for Enhancing Heat Recovery from Geothermal Systems: Sensitivity Analysis using Thermo-Poro-Elastic Effects
Authors: Azim Reda Abdel
Published: February 2023

Geothermal energy is considered one of the most promising energy to replace oil and gas. In order to enhance this type of energy from the geothermal reservoirs, an appropriate design and evaluation tool is required to assess the stimulation treatment for improving the reservoir permeability. This paper presents an innovative approach to evaluate the well placement and designed stimulation program under thermo poroelastic coupling process using momentum, mass and energy conservation. The proposed approach is applied on a selected volume of Soultz reservoir to assess the permeability enhancement over stimulation period of more than 3 month and fluid circulation period of 14 years. In this method, the change in fracture is caused by shear slippage. The proposed stimulation model evaluates different scenarios of well placement, hydraulic fracture geometry and injection program with an objective of economic heat recovery using different fracture parameters. Results show that the thermal stress led to decreasing the produced fluid temperature across the reservoir. This is due to the fact that distributed 3-D thermal stress support in increasing the fracture opening that lead to creation of flow channeling between the injectors and producers. In addition, the result show that the presented model is capable of evaluating simulation parameters such as well placement and induced fracture geometry. This has also allowed us reducing the risk of short circulating due to excessive permeability enhancement.
Fetal echocardiography changes of the right ventricle of well-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ma Ying , Sun XueSong , Liu XiaoZhi , Hu LiHua , Song Ye , Ye Xiong
Published: February 2023

Background There is few evidence of right ventricular (RV) function in fetuses with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the RV function of fetuses using routine and two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D STE) to determine the effects of well-controlled GDM in the third trimester.
Methods We used a Philips Epiq7C ultrasound instrument to obtain RV data sets from 63 subjects from July 2019 to February 2022. We compared the free wall thickness (FWT), fractional area change (FAC), Tei index (TEI), tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and free wall longitudinal strain（FWLS）of the RV in mothers with well-controlled GDM and normal gestational age-matched fetuses.
Results 63 third trimester fetuses (32 GDM; 31 healthy controls) met the enrolment criteria. Significant differences in fetal RV were detected between the GDM and control groups for the FAC (36.35 ± 6.19 vs. 41.59 ± 9.11; P = 0.008) and the FWLS (-18.28 ± 4.23 vs. -20.98 ± 5.49; P = 0.021). There was a significant difference among the segmental strains of the base, middle and apex of the RV free wall in the healthy controls (P = 0.003), but in the GDM group, there was no statistical difference (p = 0.076). RV FWLS had a strong correlation with FAC (r= 0.467; P = 0.0002).
Conclusions In well-controlled GDM, there was measurable RV fetal hypertrophy and significant systolic function decline, indicating the presence of ventricular remodeling and dysfunction. 2D-STE can evaluate the RV free wall contraction in a more comprehensive way.
Validation of Automotive Centrals using Hardware in the Loop - BCM and Lights
Authors: Luciano Marley Rosa , Saldanha Rodney
Published: February 2023

The race for electrification and the need for innovation to attract customers has driven the automotive industry to do something different in vehicles, emerging emission control challenges and efficient technological availability are the pillars of innovation. With the need to upgrade industrial manufacturing systems, directly impacting vehicle production, established the search for new prototyping methodologies and use of virtual tools for testing, validation of components and vehicle systems are developed. The demand for electronic components control units (ECU) is growing, due to the availability of intelligence and security in today's vehicles, directly impacting their development and the performance and functionality tests. To meet this new reality, in addition to the automotive test prototypes used during development, the automotive industry has been using different virtual environments to produce, verify, and validate its vehicles. Therefore, this paper applied integration and validation using the HIL test platform, focusing on the ECU Body Control Unit (BCM), analyzing its functionalities and possible failures of the internal and external light loads. After, a brief commentary will be made exposing other test medium platforms given as the Plywood Buck (PWB), checking the reliability, flexibility, installation time, and costs of the three test platforms Software in the loop (SIL), Model in the loop (MIL), Hardware in the loop (HIL), in order to verify their advantages, challenges, and problems in the use and information to optimize the use of each platform and test medium.
Quality Grade Evaluation of Nvjin Pills Based on TCMRD and Application of Network Pharmacology to Explore the Anti- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Activity of Focused Compounds
Authors: Lin Lin , liu guangzhen , dexin zhang , yu fengrui , tan lejun , mu xiangrong , lin yongqiang
Published: February 2023

The compound Chinese herbal medicine (CCHM) is one of the most commonly used types of synergistic herbal medicine. It is based on composite herbal formula (CHF), which makes quality evaluation of this kind of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) difficult. Taking Nvjin Pills (NJP) as an example, this study reported the development of a novel principle of analysis in CCHM. In order to improve the effectiveness of marketed drugs related active ingredients, it was necessary to designate a more unified quality evaluation standard. The core of the experimental is to prepare 3 batches of TCM reference drugs (TCMRD) using high-quality Chinese materia medica (single Chinese herbals used in the NJP). The active ingredients identified in the herbal formula including glycyrrhizic acid, cinnamaldehyde, paeonol, baicalin, hesperidin, paeoniflorin and ferulic acid were analyzed in both 3 TCMRDs and 76 batches of commercial products from 19 manufacturers by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method combined with wavelength switching. NJP is a well-known Chinese patent medicine that has been widely applied for the clinical treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and other gynecological diseases. For the first time, the relationship between the components mentioned above and their pharmacological in the treatment of PCOS was explored via network pharmacology analysis. The simple prediction results of network pharmacological analysis verified the feasibility and reliability of the established quantitative analysis method for 7 compounds in NJP, which were recommended as candidate indicators for quality evaluation ultimately. Using the TCMRD as the scientific ruler, quality grade specifications of NJP were proposed by comprehensive analysis of multiple index. Accordingly, 16, 47, and 13 batches of samples were primarily rated as first-grade, second-grade and unqualified grade respectively. This study will provide a chemical basis for quality control of NJP, which is necessary in the production process of pharmaceutical development.
The influence of lifestyle habits on children with idiopathic early-onset scoliosis
Authors: Shi Fangying , Luo Dan , Luo Shujun , Zhou Xiang , Zhan Qiang
Published: February 2023

Objective: To analyze the relationship between lifestyle habits and scoliosis severity in children with idiopathic early-onset scoliosis (IEOS).
Method: A total of 208 children with IEOS were enrolled. Lifestyle habits and Cobb’s angles were collected for analysis.
Result: Emaciation(p=0.048), lack of sleep (p=0.017), lack of sunlight (p=0.010), lack of fish, shrimp and egg (p=0.029), exercise (p=＜0.001) and postural awareness (p=0.004) were all independent influencing factors of Cobb’s angles among IEOS Children.
Conclusion: BMI, sleep, sunlight time, fish, shrimp and egg diet, exercise, and posture awareness were all related to IEOS closely. It should be encouraged to develop children's healthy lifestyle habits.
A Hydrogenated amorphous silicon detector for Space Weather Applications
Authors: Grimani Catia , Fabi Michele , Sabbatini Federico , Villani Mattia , Calcagnile Lucio , Caricato Anna Paola , Catalano Roberto , Cirrone Giuseppe Antonio Pablo , Croci Tommaso , Cuttone Giacomo , Dunand Sylvain , Frontini Luca , Ionica Maria , Kanxheri Keida , Large Matthew , Liberali Valentino , Martino Maurizio , Maruccio Giuseppe , Mazza Giovanni , Menichelli Mauro , Monteduro Anna Grazia , Morozzi Arianna , Moscatelli Francesco , Pallotta Stefania , Passeri Daniele , Pedio Maddalena , Petasecca Marco , Petringa Giada , Peverini Francesca , Piccolo Lorenzo , Placidi Pisana , Quarta Gianluca , Rizzato Silvia , Stabile Alberto , Talamonti Cinzia , Wheadon Richard James , Wyrsch Nicolas , Servoli Leonello
Published: February 2023

The characteristics of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) detector are presented here for monitoring in space solar flares and the evolution of large energetic proton events up to hundreds of MeV. The a-Si:H presents an excellent radiation hardness and finds application in harsh radiation environments for medical purposes, for particle beam characterization and in space weather science and applications. The critical flux detection threshold for solar X rays, soft gamma rays, electrons and protons is discussed in detail.
Parabolic gratings enhance the X-ray sensitivity of Talbot interferograms
Authors: Zangi Pouria , Ikematsu Katsumasa , Meyer Pascal , Takano Hidekazu , Wu Yanlin , Gutekunst Josephine , Börner Martin , Last Arndt , Korvink Jan G. , Momose Atsushi
Published: February 2023

In grating-based X-ray Talbot interferometry, the wave nature of X-ray radiation is exploited to generate phase contrast images of objects that do not generate sufficient contrast in conventional X-ray imaging relying on X-ray absorption. The phase sensitivity of this interferometric technique is proportional to the interferometer length and inversely proportional to the period of gratings. However, the limited spatial coherency of X-rays limits the maximum interferometer length, and the ability to obtain smaller-period gratings is limited by the manufacturing process. Here, we propose a new optical configuration that employs a combination of a converging parabolic micro-lens array and a diverging micro-lens array, instead of a binary phase grating. Without changing the grating period or the interferometer length, the phase signal is enhanced because the beam deflection by a sample is amplified through the array of converging-diverging micro-lens pairs. We demonstrate that the differential phase signal detected by our proposed set-up is twice that of a Talbot interferometer, using the same binary absorption grating, and with the same overall inter-grating distance.
Technology diffusion and climate action: A leader-follower model
Authors: Brandt Urs Steiner , Svendsen Gert Tinggaard
Published: February 2023

Can a small technology-developing country increase technology diffusion to developing countries in climate action? We argue that when a country takes into account all direct and indirect benefits from pushing forward the transnational diffusion of national green technology, a free transfer may give the country a net benefit. This result is driven by the idea that technology transfer partnerships enable the countries to tailor technology development to best fit the special circumstances of receiving countries. Such decentralized cooperation can pave the way for scalable technology diffusion. The focus is on one country's renewable energy technology development and how this can affect climate action in major developing countries such as China and India. We propose a leader-follower model between the technology-developing country and the developing country that allows complex payoffs and focuses on a situation in which one country makes a cooperative move to solve the inherent collective action problem. This effective shared learning platform has an upscaling potential, and international organizations, such as the European External Action Service, could further facilitate technology diffusion to developing countries.JEL codesD73, O19, Q56