Modelo de investigación y análisis para mercados químico industriales en los nuevos entornos de globalización y deslocalización
Authors:   , Andújar Larios Agustín 
Published: October 2023

The present work analyses the double problem that off-shoring gives rise to from the company¿s perspective: the decision making whether to delocalize or not and where. It has to do not only with the decision making according to market competitiveness but also with a more relevant point; the decision should be the right one as it commits the company¿s future. The company is considered in this work as an organization that intends to go ahead within a competitive background and justifies this delocalization by getting competitive advantages that allow the company to find a place in its market.
In a first stage, the theoretical setting, it is made an interesting review about the classic and present doctrine, emphasizing the off-shoring benefits and prejudices within a higher frame such as globalization. It studies the off-shoring phenomena from the company¿s perspective as well as from the country of origin and the country of reception, with advantages and disadvantages for both countries and the off-shoring incidence on both economies.
Moreover, it analyses the managerial and industrial models with capacity to take part in a global economy and to use the chances that the space flexibility provides in front of their competitors in a market more and more global and thus, more and more competitive.
Beginning with the true premise that off-shoring is a fact that commits the company, its future and its survival. A mistake in choosing its location can give rise to its disappearance. Nevertheless, we often act without objectivity, without a methodology that helps us to minimize the risks with some self-security.
We ask about the answer of a manager in front of the need to choose a new location for his company. About the kind of information needed for this election and how to minimize the risks that any option brings about. In summary, which country or countries should be selected with maximal guarantees?
The research job included in this thesis is focused in developing a model of analysis that let us help with the strategic decisions of the company with regard to his off-shoring politics. This aim is fulfilled by a statistic analysis that after a process, takes 88 variables applied to a total of 139 countries. Within the variables are included relevant values to evaluate the possibility to off-shoring in a determined country; institutions, infrastructures, economic and legal background, financial market, labor market, managerial structure, human resources and training, technology and innovation, social aspects and costs, among others. The magnitude of the research work guarantees its own validity.
Methodology is applied in the chemical industrial frame with variables and specific fields such as environmental, manufacturing, logistics and energy and considering one of the most complex for off-shoring with decisive positive and negative consequences.
The result is that the suggested model is valid and can be useful for companies that are in the off-shoring process and that need a scientific, trusty tool that reduces the risk when making a decision.
We consider the work quite singular. At present, there is not anyone else that runs after the same targets, involving such a large scope and multivalency. With a newly exposition of conceptual and theoretical originality and methodology that brings about a positive contribution, enough for the Thesis. We have created a model and compound percentage that helps to solve an important problem and opens the way for future studies and research lines on this subject.

El trabajo que presentamos se centra en la elaboración de un método que facilite la toma de decisiones de las empresas en la elección de un país para deslocalizar su producción, servicios o la propia empresa. En un mundo globalizado, en el que la deslocalización es una práctica cada vez más recurrente en la búsqueda de una ventaja competitividad por parte de las corporaciones, la selección del destino puede presentarse, y de hecho así ocurre, como una de las decisiones, o la decisión, más difíciles y a veces comprometida de la empresa. Un error puede significar un enorme coste o el mismo fin de la empresa, por lo que los gerentes de la misma deben tomar decisiones claves para el futuro de su corporación sin, hasta el momento, un método fiable que les ayude a decidir el nuevo emplazamiento.
Nuestro trabajo consiste en elaborar este método que permita una elección estadística utilizando un elevado número de variables, en nuestro ejemplo 88, que abarquen todos los factores importantes relacionados con la selección del país de nueva localización y ofrezcan el más idóneo objetivamente por una parte y una selección de los más idóneos por otra para que la empresa pueda elegir.
Este método es válido para cualquier sector industrial o de servicios intercambiando el grupo de variables relacionadas con la actividad sectorial y manteniendo el resto como sustrato general del análisis.
Por esto dado que nuestro interés, como se indica en el título de este trabajo, estaba centrado en el sector químico‐industrial, sobre el mismo hemos realizado el análisis e investigación de deslocalización.