bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Declining Employment in Water Conservation: An Analysis of Water Management Programs in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
Authors: Toppo Namita
Published: February 2025

This article examines the relationship between water conservation efforts and employment generation in the Ranchi district of Jharkhand, India, over a four-year period from 2020-21 to 2023-24. The Department of Rural Development, Government of Jharkhand, provides secondary data that are analyzed in this study using both exploratory and quantitative research methodologies. A linear regression analysis is utilized to evaluate the impact of time (years) on employment across various water conservation related activities, including water conservation, renovation of traditional water bodies, flood control, drought proofing, irrigation canals, irrigation facilities for marginalized groups (SC/ST/IAY/LR) and land development. The findings reveal a significant decline in employment opportunities, particularly in water conservation and irrigation-related sectors with negative trends evident in most categories. The key statistical indicators such as R squared values, t-statistics and confidence intervals are used to evaluate the strength and reliability of the regression models. The regression analysis reveals strong negative trends in water conservation (R2=0.9208), irrigation canals (R2=0.9439) and SC/ST/IAY/LR irrigation facilities (R2=0.9858) with annual job losses of 77,273, 1,08,166 and 4,93,713 respectively. Flood Control (R2= 0.6511) and land development (R2= 0.7302) show moderate declines while drought proofing and traditional water body renovation exhibit weak correlations. The study concludes that sustainable employment generation in water conservation requires strategic interventions to adapt to changing priorities and to promote long-term economic and environmental sustainability in the region.
Das Vertragsverhältnis von Dateninhaber und Datenempfänger in der praktischen Umsetzung — Ein Überblick über Herausforderungen im Vorfeld von Vertragsverhandlungen sowie bei der Gestaltung der Verträge
Authors: Etzkorn Philipp
Published: February 2025

Der Beitrag widmet sich dem Rechtsverhältnis von Dateninhaber und Datenempfänger aus praktischer Perspektive und entwickelt Vorschläge für die vertragliche Gestaltung dieser Rechtsbeziehung. Durch den Data Act (DA) können Dateninhaber verpflichtet werden, an Datenempfänger Daten bereitzustellen. Zwischen diesen beiden Parteien ist dann über die Ausgestaltung der Datenbereitstellung ein Vertrag zu schließen. Dabei darf der Dateninhaber vom Datenempfänger innerhalb der gesetzlichen Vorgaben des Art. 9 DA eine „Gegenleistung“ bzw. einen Ausgleich verlangen. Zudem ist der Dateninhaber berechtigt, zwischen verschiedenen Kategorien von Datenempfängern zu unterscheiden. Dateninhabern ist zu raten, sich bereits jetzt auf die Anfragen von Datenempfängern vorzubereiten.
A comprehensive assessment of Liatris helleri demography: Insights from 16 years of observations and modeling
Authors: Quintana‐Ascencio Pedro F. , Menges Eric S. , Ulrey Chris
Published: December 2024

We analyzed demographic data for the endangered Blue Ridge endemic Liatris helleri (16 years, 6 sites, 982 plants, and 15,697 annual transitions). We recorded survival, growth, flowering, and recruitment. We evaluated effects of poaching, trampling, browsing, and fire which are potential population drivers for this species. Population size exhibited quasi stable trends, with some population changes attributable to fire or browsing. Survival, growth, and number of heads per plant varied among populations, increased with plant diameter, and were affected by browsing and fire (including overcompensation). Recruits were rarely observed but their numbers increased after fire. We built a projection model including seedlings, second year recruits, adults, and dormant plants. Populations were projected for 50 years. Decadal fires maintained sustainable recruitment rates. Browsing probabilities varied among populations and years; browsing increased the uncertainty of stochastic population growth and boosted extinction probability. Consideration of long‐term, spatially replicated data and multiple drivers permitted us to evaluate demographic threats of a relatively long‐lived species. Overall, these models suggested that L. helleri populations are likely to persist in the near term under current conditions. However, given their population growth rates near one and poor recruitment, any drivers that reduce their survival are threats to this species.
Hydrolysis Reaction‐Induced Phase Regulation of Sb‐doped Zero‐Dimensional Perovskite Cs–In–Cl Nanocrystals for Optoelectronic and Information Encryption Applications
Authors: Li Junchun , Liu Zengce , Tong Guoqing , Wang Baochang , Zhu Hongtao , Shi Lin , Gao Yanpeng , Chen Ping , Jiang Yang
Published: December 2024

Phase‐controlled synthesis of all‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) has attracted extensive attention for optoelectronic applications. However, H2O, often considered an unfavorable factor, has not been found to influence the resulting phase composition. Herein, the hydrolysis reaction‐induced phase regulation of 0D perovskite Cs–In–Cl: Sb NCs by manipulating the H2O addition is reported. Specifically, Cs–In–Cl: Sb crystallizes as Cs3InCl6: Sb in the absence of H2O addition. In contrast, the addition of H2O triggers the hydrolysis of the injected chlorine source (phenylphosphonic dichloride, PhPOCl2), resulting in an increased concentration of Cl− ions and subsequently promoting the formation of Cs4InCl7: Sb NCs. Moreover, the hydrogen bonds formed between isopropanol (IPA) and H2O/oleic acid (OA)/oleylamine (OAm) mitigate the immiscibility between the 1‐octadecene (ODE)/OA/OAm mixture and H2O, which facilitates the passivation of OA/OAm on the Cs4InCl7: Sb NCs. Additionally, it is demonstrated that a reversible phase transition between Cs4InCl7: Sb and Cs3InCl6: Sb can be achieved by heating–cooling cycles. Furthermore, the application for white light‐emitting diodes, information encryption, and fluorescent composite films based on Cs4InCl7: Sb NCs is showcased. This work not only paves a new strategy to regulate the phase composition of perovskites but also introduces a novel fluorescent material of Cs4InCl7: Sb for multifunctional applications.
Mechano‐Responsive Biomaterials for Bone Organoid Construction
Authors: Li Ruiyang , Wang Jian , Lin Qiushui , Yin Zhifeng , Zhou Fengjin , Chen Xiao , Tan Hongbo , Su Jiacan
Published: December 2024

Mechanical force is essential for bone development, bone homeostasis, and bone fracture healing. In the past few decades, various biomaterials have been developed to provide mechanical signals that mimic the natural bone microenvironment, thereby promoting bone regeneration. Bone organoids, emerging as a novel research approach, are 3D micro‐bone tissues that possess the ability to self‐renew and self‐organize, exhibiting biomimetic spatial characteristics. Incorporating mechano‐responsive biomaterials in the construction of bone organoids presents a promising avenue for simulating the mechanical bone microenvironment. Therefore, this review commences by elucidating the impact of mechanical force on bone health, encompassing both cellular interactions and alterations in bone structure. Furthermore, the most recent applications of mechano‐responsive biomaterials within the realm of bone tissue engineering are highlighted. Three different types of mechano‐responsive biomaterials are introduced with a focus on their responsive mechanisms, construction strategies, and efficacy in facilitating bone regeneration. Based on a comprehensive overview, the prospective utilization and future challenges of mechano‐responsive biomaterials in the construction of bone organoids are discussed. As bone organoid technology advances, these biomaterials are poised to become powerful tools in bone regeneration.
Robust Immobilization and Activity Preservation of Enzymes in Porous Frameworks by Silica‐Based “Inorganic Glue”
Authors: Zheng Guansheng , Zhou Zhuang , Yang Junxian , Zhou Liang , Zaremba Orysia , Wuttke Stefan , Zhu Wei
Published: December 2024

The development of novel methods to enhance enzyme‐carrier interactions in situ, at a feasible cost, and on a large scale is crucial for improving the stability and durability of current immobilized enzyme systems used in industrial settings. Here, a pioneering approach termed “silica‐based inorganic glue” is proposed, which utilizes protein‐catalyzed silicification to fix enzyme within porous matrix while preserving enzyme activity. This innovative strategy offers several key benefits, including conformational stabilization of enzymes, improved interactions between enzymes and the matrix, prevention of enzyme leakage, and mitigation of pore blocking. Moreover, the controllable and scalable nature of this method renders it a cost‐effective solution for enhancing enzyme immobilization in industrial contexts. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the “silica‐based inorganic glue” technology, it has applied to three different enzymes exhibiting varying surface characteristics, sizes, and functions and in diverse porous supports, including a metal‐organic framework (MOF) and a commercial macroporous resin, which resulted in a significant improvement of the stability and longevity of the immobilized enzymes. Overall, this findings represent a significant advancement in enzyme immobilization techniques, signaling a paradigm shift in current industrial catalysis.
Concurrent Pressure‐Induced Superconductivity and Photoconductivity Transitions in PbSe0.5Te0.5
Authors: Han Dongxuan , Peng Di , Zhu Sheng‐Cai , Yu Tao , Wang Xianlong , Han Songbai , Zhu Jinlong , Li Weiwei , Wang Liping , Zhao Yusheng , Wang Pei
Published: December 2024

Concurrent superconductivity and negative photoconductivity (NPC) are rarely observed. Here, the discovery in PbSe0.5Te0.5 of superconductivity and photoconductivity transitions between positive photoconductivity (PPC) and NPC during compression is reported to ≈40 GPa and subsequent decompression, which are also accompanied by reversible structure transitions (3D Fmm ⇌ 2D Pnma ⇌ 3D Pmm). Superconductivity with a maximum Tc of ≈6.7 K coincides with NPC and structure transition of Pnma to Pmm at ≈18 GPa and the latter phase is preserved down to ≈5 GPa with enhanced Tc of ≈6.9 K during decompression. The observations imply the simultaneous superconducting and photoconductive transitions are closely related to the metallic Pmm phase. First‐principles calculations suggest the enhanced p‐p hybridization and charge transfer between Pb‐5p and ligand‐p orbitals near the Fermi surface play key roles in electron‐phonon interaction of mediating the Cooper pairs in PbSe0.5Te0.5. Hall coefficient measurements reveal that photothermal effect enhances electron‐phonon interplay, which decreases carrier concentration and mobility and results in the reversal of PPC‐NPC. Structure‐dependent superconductivity and NPC are jointly mediated by electron‐phonon interplay, which is tunable through illumination or cooling at high‐pressure. The findings shed light on the origin of superconductive and photoconductive transitions in versatile materials of lead chalcogenides.
Nanoengineering of Chitosan Sponges Via Atomic Layer Deposition of ZnO for Water Remediation Technologies
Authors: Lotito Sara , Cignolo Domenico , Gubitosa Jennifer , Barucca Gianni , Mengucci Paolo , Striccoli Marinella , Palumbo Fabio , Cosma Pinalysa , Fini Paola , Murgolo Sapia , Rizzi Vito , Fracassi Francesco , Milella Antonella , Perrotta Alberto
Published: December 2024

Low‐cost, millimeter‐thick chitosan‐based sponges are engineered with zinc oxide (ZnO) using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to create a multifunctional nanocomposite for the potential application in water remediation and self‐regeneration via solid‐state photocatalysis. Initially, non‐porous chitosan films served as control samples to study the ZnO growth mechanism and its impact on the biopolymer's optical and chemical properties. Subsequently, porous chitosan sponges are engineered to further explore the photocatalyst growth and infiltration into the porous matrix. The characterization of the chitosan/ZnO hybrid material is performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis, photoluminescence, and infrared spectroscopy, analyzing the effect of varying the number of ALD cycles, resulting in different ZnO thicknesses in the range of 5–30 nm on the chitosan matrix. A reaction‐limited growth model is found and strong interactions between ZnO and chitosan amino groups significantly enhance the stability in water and impart photocatalytic features. Adsorption tests using Direct Blue 78 dye demonstrated high removal efficiency, with capacities up to 2000 mg g−1, surpassing pristine chitosan sponges, which degrade in water. Electrostatic interactions between dye sulfonate groups and protonated chitosan amino moieties are identified as key to this performance. Preliminary photocatalytic experiments using Naproxen confirms the ZnO‐coated sponges' ability to degrade pollutants, showcasing ALD as a key technology for producing bio‐based, photoactive materials for sustainable water treatment.
Time‐ and Frequency‐Domain THz Imaging for the Characterization of Subwavelength Tags in Anticounterfeiting Devices
Authors: Ritacco Tiziana , Zografopoulos Dimitrios C. , Tofani Silvia , Beccherelli Romeo , Fuscaldo Walter
Published: December 2024

Hidden tags are robust and efficient security systems for protecting assets but their identification requires nondestructive techniques. Here, a contactless, efficient, terahertz (THz) investigation protocol based on the electromagnetic interaction between THz radiation and materials with subwavelength features is presented. On top of an opaque, lossy dielectric substrate a metal “open tag” is patterned as reference. This contains features that are visible to the naked eye, but subwavelength in the THz range. An identical dielectric substrate is then used to cover the metallic pattern and fabricate a “hidden tag.” Both tags are then scanned using a THz time‐domain spectroscope (TDS). The collected spectra are used to evaluate different metrics, which provide valuable pixel‐specific information for sample imaging. While the most common imaging techniques are demonstrated to be unsuitable for decoding hidden tags, a thorough study of the THz response allows to determine the best conditions for creating high‐resolution images in both time‐ and frequency‐domain. Effective metrics are obtained by isolating the peaks of the signal reflected from the tag or the substrates, or by suitably considering the interaction between the two signals. The proposed method provides a rigorous protocol for the THz imaging of hidden logos in multilayer systems, which can serve as anticounterfeiting tags.
Comprehensive Spectroscopic Investigation of MoS2‐Solar Cells with Exclusive Zn3P2 as HTL Having Least Lattice Mismatches for 32.55% PCE
Authors: Sharma Atish Kumar , Srivastava Ankita , Jha Prakash Kumar , Sangani Keyur , Chourasia Nitesh K. , Chourasia Ritesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

In this analytical study, four‐layer MoS2‐based renewable energy photovoltaic cell has been first introduced using SCAPS‐1d. Proposed cell has FTO as window layer, ZnSe as electron transport layer (ETL), MoS2 as absorber layer, and an exclusive Zn3P2 hole transport layer (HTL) with least lattice mismatch of about 1.8%. To explore highest performance through proposed novel solar cell configuration, simulation studies have been done on best possible optimized physical and electrical parameters. Simulated power conversion efficiency, short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and fill factor are 32.55%, 37.75 mA/cm2, 1038.4 mV, and 83.01% respectively. Further to investigate defect states between band levels, admittance, and impedance spectroscopic analysis has been done with an equivalent electrical circuit model obtained from EIS module. Present studies help to identify the carrier accumulation behavior at various least‐lattice mismatched interfaces and in bulk of four‐layer solar device. For this analysis, proposed renewable solar device is simulated for characteristics such as capacitance‐voltage (C‐V), capacitance‐frequency (C‐F), conductance‐voltage (G‐V), and conductance‐frequency (G‐F) under different suitable and practical physical conditions. In this technique, AC signal is applied to the solutions obtained from the semiconductor and continuity equations in SCAPS‐1d. Further, we have done an in‐depth analysis through these measurements.
Deep Learning‐Based Ion Channel Kinetics Analysis for Automated Patch Clamp Recording
Authors: Yang Shengjie , Xue Jiaqi , Li Ziqi , Zhang Shiqing , Zhang Zhang , Huang Zhifeng , Yung Ken Kin Lam , Lai King Wai Chiu
Published: December 2024

The patch clamp technique is a fundamental tool for investigating ion channel dynamics and electrophysiological properties. This study proposes the first artificial intelligence framework for characterizing multiple ion channel kinetics of whole‐cell recordings. The framework integrates machine learning for anomaly detection and deep learning for multi‐class classification. The anomaly detection excludes recordings that are incompatible with ion channel behavior. The multi‐class classification combined a 1D convolutional neural network, bidirectional long short‐term memory, and an attention mechanism to capture the spatiotemporal patterns of the recordings. The framework achieves an accuracy of 97.58% in classifying 124 test datasets into six categories based on ion channel kinetics. The utility of the novel framework is demonstrated in two applications: Alzheimer's disease drug screening and nanomatrix‐induced neuronal differentiation. In drug screening, the framework illustrates the inhibitory effects of memantine on endogenous channels, and antagonistic interactions among potassium, magnesium, and calcium ion channels. For nanomatrix‐induced differentiation, the classifier indicates the effects of differentiation conditions on sodium and potassium channels associated with action potentials, validating the functional properties of differentiated neurons for Parkinson's disease treatment. The proposed framework is promising for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of ion channel kinetics analysis in electrophysiological research.
Cilia‐Mimic Locomotion of Magnetic Colloidal Collectives Enhanced by Low‐Intensity Ultrasound for Thrombolytic Drug Penetration
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Zou Weijuan , Lu Qijie , Zheng Tingjia , Li Yanping , Ying Tao , Li Yuehua , Zheng Yuanyi , Wang Longchen
Published: December 2024

Rapid thrombolysis is very important to reduce complications caused by vascular blockage. A promising approach for improving thrombolysis efficiency is utilizing the permanent magnetically actuated locomotion of nanorobots. However, the thrombolytic drug transportation efficiency is challenged by in‐plane rotating locomotion and the insufficient drug penetration limits further improvement of thrombolysis. Inspired by ciliary movement for cargo transportation in human body, in this study, cilia‐mimic locomotion of magnetic colloidal collectives is realized under torque‐force vortex magnetic field (TFV‐MF) by a designed rotating permanent magnet assembly. This cilia‐mimic locomotion mode can generate more disturbances to the fluids to improve thrombolytic drug transportation and the increased height and area of colloidal collectives boosted the imaging capability. In addition, low‐intensity ultrasound is applied to enhance colloids infiltration by producing the fiber breakage and inducing erythrocyte deformation. In vitro thrombolytic experiments demonstrate that the thrombolysis efficiency increased by 16.2 times compared with that of pure tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatments. Furthermore, in vivo rat models of femoral vein thrombosis confirmed that this approach can achieve blood flow recanalization more quickly. The proposed cilia‐mimic locomotion of magnetic colloidal collectives combined with low‐intensity ultrasound irradiation mode provides a new insight of therapeutic interventions for vascular thrombus by enhancing drug penetration.
Development of a Self‐Deploying Extra‐Aortic Compression Device for Medium‐Term Hemodynamic Stabilization: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Ji Adrienne , Davies James , Phan Phuoc Thien , Nguyen Chi Cong , Sharma Bibhu , Zhu Kefan , Nicotra Emanuele , Wan Jingjing , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Hayward Christopher , Lovell Nigel H. , Do Thanh Nho
Published: December 2024

Hemodynamic stabilization is crucial in managing acute cardiac events, where compromised blood flow can lead to severe complications and increased mortality. Conditions like decompensated heart failure (HF) and cardiogenic shock require rapid and effective hemodynamic support. Current mechanical assistive devices, such as intra‐aortic balloon pumps (IABP) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), offer temporary stabilization but are limited to short‐term use due to risks associated with prolonged blood contact. This research presents a novel proof‐of‐concept soft robotic device designed with the aim of achieving low‐risk, medium‐term counterpulsation therapy. The device employs a nature‐inspired growing mechanism for potentially minimally invasive deployment around the ascending aorta, coupled with hydraulic artificial muscles for aortic compression. It demonstrated a maximum stroke volume of 16.48 ± 0.21 mL (SD, n = 5), outperforming all other non‐pneumatic extra‐aortic devices. In addition, in vitro tests with a mock circulation loop (MCL) show a drop in aortic end‐diastolic pressure by 6.32 mmHg and enhance coronary flow under mild aortic stenosis, which attenuate the device's assistive effect. These findings highlight the device's strong potential for optimization as a promising solution to improve outcomes for hemodynamically unstable HF patients.
Metabolic Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for High‐Level Production of 1,5‐Pentanediol, a C5 Diol Platform Chemical
Authors: Sohn Yu Jung , Hwang Se‐Yeun , Lee Haeyoung , Jeon Subeen , Park Ji Young , Kim Jaehyung , Kim Donghyuk , Jeong Ki Jun , Lee Sang Yup , Joo Jeong Chan , Park Jin‐Byung , Park Si Jae
Published: December 2024

The biobased production of chemicals is essential for advancing a sustainable chemical industry. 1,5‐Pentanediol (1,5‐PDO), a five‐carbon diol with considerable industrial relevance, has shown limited microbial production efficiency until now. This study presents the development and optimization of a microbial system to produce 1,5‐PDO from glucose in Corynebacterium glutamicum via the l‐lysine‐derived pathway. Engineering began with creating a strain capable of producing 5‐hydroxyvaleric acid (5‐HV), a key precursor to 1,5‐PDO, by incorporating enzymes from Pseudomonas putida (DavB, DavA, and DavT) and Escherichia coli (YahK). Two conversion pathways for further converting 5‐HV to 1,5‐PDO are evaluated, with the CoA‐independent pathway—utilizing Mycobacterium marinum carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) and E. coli YqhD—proving greater efficiency. Further optimization continues with chromosomal integration of the 5‐HV module, increasing 1,5‐PDO production to 5.48 g L−1. An additional screening of 13 CARs identifies Mycobacterium avium K‐10 (MAP1040) as the most effective, and its engineered M296E mutant further increases production to 23.5 g L−1. A deep‐learning analysis reveals that Gluconobacter oxydans GOX1801 resolves the limitations of NADPH, allowing the final strain to produce 43.4 g L−1 1,5‐PDO without 5‐HV accumulation in fed‐batch fermentation. This study demonstrates systematic approaches to optimizing microbial biosynthesis, positioning C. glutamicum as a promising platform for sustainable 1,5‐PDO production.
Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling of Methane to Ethane Using CO2 as a Soft Oxidant over the Au/TiO2−Vo Nanosheets
Authors: Wu Mingyu , Zhu Juncheng , Wu Yang , Liu Siying , Zheng Kai , Wang Shumin , Li Bangwang , Li Jing , Liu Chengyuan , Hu Jun , Zhu Junfa , Pan Yang , Sun Yongfu , Xie Yi
Published: December 2024

Photocatalytic oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) offers an appealing route for converting greenhouse gas into valuable C2 hydrocarbons. However, O2, as the most commonly used oxidant, tends to result in inevitable overoxidation and waste of methane feedstock. Herein, we first report a photocatalytic OCM using CO2 as a soft oxidant for C2H6 production under mild conditions, where an efficient photocatalyst with unique interface sites is designed and constructed to facilitate CO2 adsorption and activation, while concurrently boosting CH4 dissociation. As a prototype, the Au quantum dots anchored on oxygen‐deficient TiO2 nanosheets are fabricated, where the Au−Vo−Ti interface sites for CO2 adsorption and activation are collectively disclosed by in situ Kelvin probe force microscopy, quasi in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Compared with single metal site, the Au−Vo−Ti interface sites exhibit the lower CO2 adsorption energy and decrease the energy barrier of the *CO2 hydrogenation step from 1.05 to 0.77 eV via Au−C and Ti−O dual‐site bonding. The adsorbed CO2 on the photocatalyst reduces the energy barrier of *CH4 dissociation to *CH3 from 2.13 to 1.59 eV, contributing to CH4 oxidation. Additionally, in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy unveils the Au site facilitates ethane production by engaging in *CH3−Au interaction and accelerating CH3−CH3 coupling. Thus, the photocatalyst demonstrates a high C2H6 evolution rate of 2.60 mmol g−1 h−1 for OCM using CO2 as the soft oxidant, surpassing most of previously reported photocatalysts regardless of OCM and nonoxidative coupling of methane. This work highlights the importance of soft oxidants for improving oxidation reaction efficiency and provides atomic scale insight into the design of photocatalysts for CH4 conversion.
Manipulating Interphase Chemistry for Aqueous Zn Stabilization: The Role of Supersaturation
Authors: Wang Qinyang , Zhang Zhaoyu , Hu Zuyang , Du Wencheng , Zhang Yufei , Ye Minghui , Wen Zhipeng , Tang Yongchao , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Cheng Chao
Published: December 2024

The limited cycling durability of Zn anode, attributed to the absence of a robust electrolyte‐derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), remains the bottleneck for the practical deployment of aqueous zinc batteries. Herein, we highlight the role of local supersaturation in governing the fundamental crystallization chemistry of Zn4SO4(OH)6⋅xH2O (ZSH) and propose a subtle supersaturation‐controlled morphology strategy to tailor the interphase chemistry of Zn anode. By judiciously creating local high‐supersaturation environment with organic caprolactam to manipulate the precipitation manner of zinc sulfate hydroxide (ZSH), lattice‐lattice matched heterogeneous nucleation of ZSH (001) and Zn (002) is realized in aqueous ZnSO4, producing a dense, pseudo‐coincidence interface capable of functioning as decent SEI. The plating/stripping efficacy of Zn is significantly boosted, as reflected by the great improvement of the initial (from 59.9 % to 84.1 %) and average (from 94.0 % to 99.2 %) coulombic efficiency. Accordingly, the cyclic endurance of Zn anode is prolonged from 50 h to over 7000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2, witnessing 140‐fold lifespan extension. Profiting from supersaturation‐mediated Zn stabilization, the performance deterioration of zinc‐vanadium batteries is also alleviated, even with a low N/P ratio of 4.4. This work is anticipated to deepen current understanding on the control of the anodic chemistry.
Fabrication of immobilized lipases for medium and long‐chain triacylglycerols preparation through solvent‐free acidolysis
Authors: Lin Shuping , Zeng Can , Zhang Qiangyue , Zhong Nanjing
Published: December 2024

The present study aims to fabricate efficient immobilized lipases for medium and long‐chain triacylglycerols preparation through acidolysis. Eighteen novel materials, including five mesoporous materials, four organic groups modified SBA‐15 samples (R‐SBA‐15) and nine macroporous resins, were employed as matrices for lipases immobilization. Lipases of TLL, AOL, RML and CALB were evaluated. Results indicated that TLL exhibited better acidolysis performance and decanoic acid content from 30% to 45% could be obtained; while other lipases (CALB, RML, and AOL) showed poor performance. In addition, macroporous resins of DA‐201, ADS‐17, D3520, and mesoporous silicas of SBA‐15, Al‐MCM‐41, HMS, were suitable for TLL immobilization. TLL@SBA‐15 was selected for acidolysis and the reaction conditions were optimized through single factors study and orthogonal design. The optimum conditions for the acidolysis were: lipase amount 6 wt%, decanoic acid: camellia oil molar ratio 14:1, reaction time 12 h and temperature 50°C. Under these conditions, decanoic acid content at 59.87%, oleic acid content 33.99% and sn‐2 decanoic acid content 7.41% was obtained (the mentioned fatty acids here were the fatty acids combined to oil molecules, not free fatty acids).
Piperazine‐based P2X4 receptor antagonists
Authors: Erlitz Katharina Sophie , Siutkina Alena I. , Prinz Ann‐Kathrin , Koch Oliver , Kalinin Dmitrii V. , Junker Anna
Published: December 2024

The P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a ligand‐gated ion channel activated by ATP, plays a critical role in neuroinflammation, chronic pain, and cancer progression, making it a promising therapeutic target. In this study, we explored the design and synthesis of piperazine‐based P2X4R antagonists, building on the structural framework of paroxetine. A series of over 35 compounds were synthesized to investigate structure–activity relationships (SARs) in a Ca²⁺‐flux assay for P2X4R antagonistic activity. Several compounds outperformed paroxetine in terms of antagonistic P2X4R potency. Further studies on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion properties revealed that increased lipophilicity often correlated with high plasma protein binding and decreased metabolic stability, particularly in compounds with a naphthalene‐2‐yloxy group. Although promising SARs were observed, further optimization is needed to enhance antagonistic P2X4R receptor activity. This work provides important insights into the development of piperazine‐based P2X4R antagonists and lays the foundation for future therapeutic advancements targeting P2X4R‐related diseases.
The current landscape of 1,2,3‐triazole‐(fused) six‐membered nitrogen‐containing heteroaromatic ring hybrids with anticancer therapeutic potential
Authors: Xu Zhi , Li Rongqiang , Huang Zhiwei , Zhuang Yafei
Published: December 2024

Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells potentially influencing almost all tissues in the body, is one of the most devastating and lethal diseases throughout the world. Chemotherapy is one of the principal approaches for cancer treatment, but multidrug resistance and severe side effects represent the main barriers to the success of therapy, creating a vital need to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents. The 1,2,3‐triazole moiety can be conveniently constructed by “click chemistry” and could exert diverse noncovalent interactions with various enzymes in cancer cells. Hence, 1,2,3‐triazole is one of the most fascinating anticancer pharmacophores. Moreover, 1,2,3‐triazole could also serve as a powerful ligation tool for the complex molecular architectures to increase the anticancer efficacy of lead molecules. Notably, 1,2,3‐triazole‐containing hybrids with intriguing structural variations could target different biological components in cancer cells simultaneously, highlighting their potential in the treatment and eradication of cancer. This review outlines the current landscape of 1,2,3‐triazole‐(fused) six‐membered nitrogen‐containing heteroaromatic ring hybrids, inclusive of 1,2,3‐triazole‐quinazolines, 1,2,3‐triazole‐quinazolinones, 1,2,3‐triazole‐quinolines, 1,2,3‐triazole‐quinolones, 1,2,3‐triazole‐pyridines, and 1,2,3‐triazole‐pyrimidines, with anticancer therapeutic potential, and explores their mechanisms of action, critical aspects of design as well as structure–activity relationships (SARs), covering articles published from 2021 to the present, to pave the way for the development of innovative and efficient therapeutic interventions for cancer therapy.
The use of bibliometrics for ranking the all‐time greatest music artists
Authors: Urban Timothy L.
Published: December 2024

This brief communication presents a novel adaptation of common bibliometric measures to provide a quantitative assessment of an artist's music catalog that incorporates both impact and productivity. Data from Billboard's weekly Hot 100™ music charts are used to rank the all‐time greatest artists. Since the sorted data are increasing in value—that is, a number 1 hit is best—a transformation is applied to provide a convex, monotonically decreasing curve. Furthermore, since conventional bibliometrics result in several artists with identical measures, metrics inspired by the multidimensional ‐ and ‐indices are used to rank the artists. We find that this approach provides a simple, yet unbiased, approach for ranking the all‐time greatest music artists.
A Novel, Site‐Specific N‐Linked Glycosylation Model Provides Mechanistic Insights Into the Process‐Condition Dependent Distinct Fab and Fc Glycosylation of an IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody Produced by CHO VRC01 Cells
Authors: Reddy Jayanth Venkatarama , Leibiger Thomas , Singh Sumit Kumar , Lee Kelvin H. , Papoutsakis Eleftherios , Ierapetritou Marianthi
Published: December 2024

The CHO VRC01 cell line produces an anti‐HIV IgG1 monoclonal antibody containing N‐linked glycans on both the Fab (variable) and Fc (constant) regions. Site‐specific glycan analysis was used to measure the complex effects of cell culture process conditions on Fab and Fc glycosylation. Experimental data revealed major differences in glycan fractions across the two sites. Bioreactor pH was found to influence fucosylation, galactosylation, and sialylation in the Fab region and galactosylation in the Fc region. To understand the complex effects of process conditions on site‐specific N‐linked glycosylation, a kinetic model of site‐specific N‐linked glycosylation was developed. The model parameters provided mechanistic insights into the differences in glycan fractions observed in the Fc and Fab regions. Enzyme activities calculated from the model provided insights into the effect of bioreactor pH on site‐specific N‐linked glycosylation. Model predictions were experimentally tested by measuring glycosyltransferase‐enzyme mRNA‐levels and intracellular nucleotide sugar concentrations. The model was used to demonstrate the effect of increasing galactosyltransferase activity on site‐specific N‐linked glycan fractions. Experiments involving galactose and MnCl2 supplementation were used to test model predictions. The model is capable of providing insights into experimentally measured data and also of making predictions that can be used to design media supplementation strategies.
Phytochemical Compositions, and Antioxidant Activities of Different Cultivars of Prunus Salicina Lindl. in Southern China
Authors: Tan Si , Lan Xin , Zhong Xin , Ding Xiang
Published: December 2024

There are representative Prunus salicina Lindl. (plum) cultivars in the different provinces of Southern China. However, little data is available on the physiochemical characteristics of those plums. In this study, the fruit weight and size, edible rate, rate of juice, color, moisture, total soluble solids, total acids, ascorbic acid (AA), reducing sugar, polysaccharide, total polyphenols, total tannins, total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, and phenolic composition of 11 plum varieties in Southern China were analyzed. The results showed that the content of reducing sugar, AA, polysaccharide, total polyphenols, total tannins, and total anthocyanins in different cultivars were in the range of 3.09‐10.48 g/100 g, 2.30‐14.75 mg/100g dry weight (DW), 0.78‐2.20 g/100 g, 20.73‐41.18 mg/g DW, 0.42‐1.09 mg/g DW, and 1.80‐8.95 mg/g DW, respectively. 11 phenolic compounds were identified in plums by UPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS. Cultivar ‘Da Pao’ showed the highest level of total polyphenols, and FRAP values, while cultivar ‘San Hua’ had the highest content of total anthocyanins, DPPH·, and ABTS+· values. Principal component analysis separated cultivars according to their physiochemical characteristics. This study provides reference information for consumers, and the further deep processing of those plums.
Biocompatibility of Novel Marine Collagen on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts: A Pathway to Enhanced Regenerative Therapies
Authors: Siddiqui Yasir Dilshad , Arief Erry Mochamad , Saddique Muhammad Aliyan
Published: December 2024

Body wall of sea cucumber Bohadschia bivittate contains a protein consisting of highly insoluble collagen fibers. We aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of nonirradiated or γ‐irradiated pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) extracted from Bohadschia bivittata on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts cells. The MTT assay showed significant increase in the cell viability values indicating that PSC is noncytotoxic. Further, nonirradiated PSC showed higher cell viabilities values than γ‐irradiated PSC at all concentration, especially at an optimal dilution of 25% (p < 0.05). This exploratory study suggests that PSC from Bohadschia bivittata could be utilized as a novel biomaterial in periodontal regenerative therapies.
Acquired Lymphangioma Circumscriptum of Vulva in a Patient With Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Rare Case at a Rare Site
Authors: Pokharel Ranju , Marahatta Suchana
Published: December 2024

Lymphangioma circumscriptum, one of the common forms of lymphangioma, can be either congenital or acquired. Various acquired conditions can lead to its causation and one of the causes might be untreated hidradenitis suppurativa. So, this report highlights the need of early interventions for hidradenitis suppurativa as lymphangioma circumscriptum can be one of its consequences later in life. It can occur in various sites, often around neck, axilla, and groin. Post‐surgery and radiotherapy, tuberculosis, Crohn's disease are well known cause to develop acquired vulval lymphangioma. Here, we present a case of a 20 years female with acquired vulval lymphangioma secondary to hidradenitis suppurativa which is one of the rare cause for vulval lymphangioma.
Live Births After Laparoscopic Wedge Resection for Unruptured Ovarian Pregnancy With Hemorrhagic Hypotension: A Case Report
Authors: Hirahara Yuhya , Nagai Koichi , Mukaida Kazunori
Published: December 2024

Patients with an unruptured ovarian pregnancy may exhibit signs of shock. Laparoscopy is well‐suited for the detection of ovarian pregnancy. Viable pregnancies are possible for patients with ovarian pregnancy and a low risk of ectopic pregnancy.
The Complex Task of Evaluating the Institutional Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change at Local Government Level: A Study of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
Authors: Gadu Siyaxola Ernest , Adom Richard Kwame , Simatele Mulala Danny
Published: December 2024

Climate change impacts are wreaking havoc in South Africa, particularly in the Eastern Cape Province. Hence, adaptation strategies are essential tools in the Eastern Cape, as the province is among the most vulnerable regions to climate change impacts in South Africa. In response and to minimise the adverse impacts of climate change on socioeconomic factors and livelihoods, the post‐apartheid South African government developed a policy framework for climate governance, with a focus on policy planning and adaptation. Although the policy sounds good and solution‐driven, the implementation of the programme at local levels to achieve the desired goals remained a significant challenge due to institutional and capacity challenges. Using research methods inspired by the tradition of qualitative and quantitative research approach and existing literature, this article explored the complexities of evaluating and monitoring the adaptive capacity to climate change governance at a local government level in South Africa, focusing on the Eastern Cape Province. The findings of this article uncovered that the institutional and capacity challenges create an unconducive environment for an evaluation of institutional adaptive capacity to climate change at local government level in South Africa. The absence of a reliable system to assess the institutional adaptive capacity to climate change at local government level makes it difficult to compare the adaptive capacity of different institutions and allocate available resources in an adequate manner. The article recommends a broader discourse of the sustainable development goals, particularly goal number 13, which encourages the strengthening of resilience and adaptive capacity to climate change impacts.
Short‐Term Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy Is Still Based on Patients' Age, Nerve‐Sparing Approach, and Surgical‐Experience, Despite the Higher‐Use of Robotic Surgery in 2022 Compared to 2016 Real‐World Results of a Large Rehabilitation Center in Germany
Authors: Püllen Lukas , Naumann Max , Krafft Ulrich , Püllen Felix , Mahmoud Osama , Al‐Nader Mulham , Darr Christopher , Borgmann Hendrik , Briel Christoph , Hadaschik Boris , Salem Johannes , Kuru Timur
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite constant improvements, incontinence is one of the most relevant and quality‐of‐life‐reducing side effects of radical prostatectomy (RP) and, in addition to patient‐specific factors such as age, the experience of the surgeon/center and the surgical technique used play an important role.

Aims

To present current real‐world data on short‐term incontinence after RP from one of the largest German rehabilitation centers in 2022 and to compare it to the results from the same institution in 2016.

Methods and Results

Retrospective, unicentric, univariate analysis of data from 1394 men after RP in 2022 on admission and discharge from the rehabilitation clinic. Incontinence defined as ≥ 1 pad/day was evaluated by quantitative measuring all day incontinence under a defined graduation and compared to the results of 2016. Totally, 1393 men were available for analysis in 2022 compared to 1390 in 2016. Median age for both cohorts was 66 years with minor differences in preoperative PSA levels. Despite different surgical approaches, no significant change in short‐term incontinence rates in 2016 and 2022 were noted at discharge (76.9% vs. 77.9%, p = 0.56). A notable increase in patients with ISUP grade Group 2 and a shift towards robotic surgery were observed in 2022 (45.5%–71%). While nerve sparing led to a significant improvement in continence (p < 0.01), lymphadenectomy and T‐stage were not related to any significant increase in short‐term incontinence rates. Comparing age groups within the cohort, patients > 69 years exhibited the highest risk of short‐term incontinence and least likelihood of regaining continence during rehabilitation (p < 0.01). Men treated at a certified prostate cancer center had significantly (p < 0.01) lower short‐term incontinence rates.

Conclusion

Our study shows little improvement in short‐term postoperative incontinence rates after RP in Germany in the last 6 years and known risk factors for postoperative incontinence like age, nerve‐sparing surgery, and level of experience were reproduced in our analyses. We conclude not only to carefully select but also to counsel patients before being treated for prostate cancer and to strongly advice treatment at certified centers.
Annual Banned‐Substance Review 17th Edition—Analytical Approaches in Human Sports Drug Testing 2023/2024
Authors: Thevis Mario  , Kuuranne Tiia  , Geyer Hans 
Published: December 2024

The 17th edition of the annual banned‐substance review on analytical approaches in human sports drug testing is dedicated to literature published between October 2023 and September 2024. As in previous years, focus is put particularly on new or enhanced analytical options in human doping controls as well as investigations into the metabolism and elimination of compounds of interest, which represent central (while not exclusive) cornerstones of the global anti‐doping mission. New information published within the past 12 months on established doping agents as well as new potentially relevant substances are reviewed and discussed in the context of the World Anti‐Doping Agency's 2024 Prohibited List. Thereby, analytical challenges, especially with regard to the continuously growing number of target compounds and potentially relevant drug classes as well as the exigency (and consequences) of utmost analytical retrospectivity, are thematized and contextualized. Investigations especially into anabolic agents, peptide hormones, and strategies for the detection of gene doping were identified as core areas of anti‐doping research in the reviewed period.
Prognostic role of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis: insights from ILLUMINATE‐CS
Authors: Baba Yuichi , Kubo Toru , Nabeta Takeru , Matsue Yuya , Kitai Takeshi , Naruse Yoshihisa , Taniguchi Tatsunori , Tanaka Hidekazu , Okumura Takahiro , Yoshioka Kenji , Kitaoka Hiroaki
Published: December 2024

Aims

The prognostic role of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) as a biomarker in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) has yet to be fully determined, especially when compared with B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP).

Methods and Results

In this post‐hoc analysis of the ILLUMINATE‐CS (ILLUstration of the Management and prognosIs of JapaNese pATiEnts with Cardiac Sarcoidosis), which is a multicentre retrospective observational study, we analysed 103 patients (62.2 ± 10.9 years old, 31.1% male) diagnosed as CS and with available data for hs‐cTnT measured at the time of diagnosis. The primary outcome was the combined outcomes of all‐cause death, fatal ventricular arrhythmia events and heart failure hospitalization. During a median follow‐up period of 2.6 (inter‐quartile range, 1.6–5.7) years, 24 primary outcomes were observed. Patients with a high hs‐cTnT level, defined as a level above the median value (>0.016 ng/mL), were associated with a higher incidence of adverse events than those with a low hs‐cTnT level (log‐rank, P = 0.017). In Cox regression analysis, a high log‐transformed hs‐cTnT level and a high log‐transformed BNP level were significant risk factors for primary outcome [hazard ratio (HR), 4.368 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.032–18.480), P = 0.045. and HR, 3.127 (95% CI, 1.029–9.499), P = 0.044, respectively]. Patients with both high hs‐cTnT and high BNP (>140 pg/mL: above the median value) levels had a 3.49 (95% CI, 1.23–9.88)‐fold increased risk of the primary outcome compared with patients with both low hs‐cTnT and low BNP levels.

Conclusions

In patients with CS, a high hs‐cTnT level is a useful predictor of adverse events, and combined measurement of hs‐cTnT and BNP further improves the prognostic value.
Porous Carbon‐Coated Fe‐Doped MnO as High‐Performance Cathode for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Pan Guangxing , Wang Zhenyuan , Zhang Jichuan , Cao Miaomiao , Zhang Ling , Zhang Jiaheng
Published: December 2024

Ion doping is a feasible approach to enhance the stability and cycling performance of manganese‐based materials. However, limited research has been conducted on Fe‐doped manganese‐based oxides. The present study represents the first successful synthesis of a composite material, namely porous carbon‐coated Fe‐doped MnO (Fe‐MnO/C), achieved through annealing FeMn‐based metal‐organic frameworks. The electrochemical performance is enhanced by Fe doping, as the presence of MnOFe bonds facilitates charge transfer and mitigates structural collapse, thereby resulting in improved rate capability and cycling stability. The Fe‐MnO/C‐3 cathode achieves a maximum energy density of 249.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 130.6 W kg−1 and demonstrates a high specific capacity of 134 mAh g−1 even after undergoing 800 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. The study presents a cost‐effective and convenient approach to fabricate a high‐performance cathode for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries.