bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Feathers*
Authors: DYCK JAN
Published: July 2005

Existing hypotheses on the evolution of feathers are reviewed with the assumptions that feather evolved from reptilian scales and that pennaceous feathers evolved before downy feathers. Observations with a scanning electron microscope demonstrate that basic to the structure of pennaceous feathers is the lamelliform structure of barbules, the planes of which are oriented at right angles to the plane of the feather vane. Thus the structure of the vane is more open than generally realized. The airtight vane of flight feathers is assumed a later specialization. Most of the existing hypotheses assume that the feather acts as a relatively solid barrier between the skin of the bird and the exterior and they are therefore not in agreement with the actual structure of feathers. A hypothesis is needed which explains the adaptive value of a pennaceous feather being porous. The hypothesis is put foward that feathers evolved due to selection for a water‐repellent integument. For purely physical reasons a porous surface repels water drops more strongly than does a solid surface of the same material. Physicists have pointed out that the structure of feathers conforms closely with the theoretical requirements for water‐repellency. Possibly feathers started to evolve on reptiles living at the seashore, where the main advantage of increased water‐repellency was to reduce cooling from evaporation of water off a wet integument.
Phyllodistomum conostomum (Olsson, 1876) (Digenea, Gorgoderidae): a Junior Subjective Synonym for P. umblae (Fabricius, 1780)
Authors: BAKKE TOR A.
Published: July 2005

Specimens of Phyllodistomum conostomum from the type host, whitefish Coregonus lavaretus, in the type locality, Lake Storsjön, Sweden, are studied using light (LM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. Comparisons are made with earlier descriptions. Specimens of Phyllodistomum from whitefish in Lake Tokke, Norway, are also studied using LM and SEM and found to be conspecific with P. umblae from the type host, arctic char Salvelinus alpinus, in the same locality. The types, position, arrangement and numbers of papillae are described for the specimens recovered from whitefishes. Since no significant morphological or size differences are found between specimens of P. umblae and P. conostomum from Norwegian and Swedish salmonids, P. conostomum is considered conspecific with and a synonym for P. umblae.
Ultrastructure de la spermiogenèse et du spermatozoïde de Loimosina wikoni et affinités phylétiques des Loimoidae (Plathelminthes, Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea)
Authors: JUSTINE JEAN‐LOU , MATTEI XAVIER
Published: July 2005

In Loimosina, during spermiogenesis, the zone of differentiation of the spermatid contains two centrioles continued as two 9 +‘1’axonemes. One of the axonemes lengthens and will become the principal axoneme of the spermatozoon. The other axoneme is as long as the first one at the beginning of spermiogenesis, but is shorter in the mature sperm cell. The spermatozoon consists of several regions: (a) at the anterior end, the centriolar derivative of the principal axoneme; (b) a short region which shows cortical microtubules coinciding with external ornamentations; (c) a long uniflagellate region, with mitochondrion; (d) a biflagellate region containing the anterior slender part of the nucleus; (e) the posterior part of the nucleus, with no accompanying cytoplasmic organelles. Spermiogenesis and sperm structure in Loimosina differ from what is known in all other described monogeneans, excepting the monocotylid Heterocofyle to which they show close resemblances. However, the alteration of the second axoneme is more complete in Heterocofyle than in Loimosina. Comparative study of spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructure thus shows an interesting coincidence with classical phylogenies of the monogeneans, in which the families Loimoidae and Monocotylidae are closely related.

Chez Loimosina, pendant la spermiogenèse, la zone de différenciation de la spermatide contient deux centrioles prolongés par deux axonemes de type 9 +‘1′. L'un des axonemes s'allonge et deviendra l'axonème principal du spermatozoïde mûr. Le deuxième axontme est aussi long que le premier au début de la spermiogenèse, mais il est plus court dans le spermatozoïde mûr. Le spermatozoïde comprend: (a) à l'avant, le dérivé centriolaire de l'axonème principal; (b) une courte région contenant quelques microtubules corticaw longitudinaux coincidant avec des omementations extramembranaires; (c) une longue région miflagellée avec mitochondrie; (d) une région biflagellée contenant La partie antérieure effilée du noyau; (e) la région postérieure du noyau, sans organites cytoplasmiques accompagnateurs. La spermiogenèse et la structure du spermatozoïde de Loimosina sont différentes de ce qui est connu chez tous les autres Monogènes décrits, excepté le Monocotylidae Heterocofyle auquel elles ressemblent beaucoup. Toutefois, l'altération du deuxième axonème est moins complète chez Loimosina que chez Heterocotyle. L'étude comparée des spermatozoïdes et des spermiogenèses montre une bonne coincidence avec les phylogenèses classiques, dans lesquelles les familles Loimoidae et Monocotylidae sont proches.
A New Species of the Spionidae (Polychaeta) with Asexual Reproduction Associated with Sponges
Authors: TZETLIN ALEXANDER B. , BRITAYEV TEMIR A.
Published: July 2005

Polydorella smurovi sp.n. is described from an underwater coral bank near the Dachlak Archipelago (Red Sea). This new species has alternating sexual and asexual (paratomy) reproduction, short caruncle, specialised broom‐like setae on segment 5 and capillary setae in the neuropodia of the same segment. Worms inhabited the surface of a red sponge covering a block of a dead coral. The genus Polydorella Augener is re‐established and its diagnosis altered.
Interstitial Dorvilleidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Europe, Australia and New Zealand
Authors: WESTHEIDE WILFRIED , VON NORDHEIM HENNING
Published: July 2005

Four dorvilleid species new to science are described from intertidal and subtidal sandy sediments. For three of them new genera are erected: Coralliotrocha natans gen. et sp.n., Microdorvillea otagensis gen. et sp.n. and Pusillotrocha Åkessoni gen. et sp.n. One species represents the first record of the genus Pettiboneia from Australia, P. australiensis sp.n. Ophryotrocha minuta Levi, 1954 redescribed from Helgoland is transferred to a different genus, Arenotrocha gen.n. The present taxa belong to a morphological series of species with an increasing degree of neoteny in the family Dorvilleidae.
Tanganyikacypridopsis gen.n. (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Lake Tanganyika
Authors: MARTENS KOEN
Published: July 2005

A new genus of freshwater ostracods, Tanganyikacypridopsis gen.n., is established to include the species Potamocypris depressa Kiss, 1959, Cypridopsis calcarata Rome, 1962 and Cypridopsis anomala Rome, 1962, all from Lake Tanganyika. The genus is related to Sarscypridopsis McKenzie, 1977 and Plesiocypridopsis (Rome, 1965), mainly because of its hemipenis anatomy, and is believed to be endemic to Lake Tanganyika.
Studies on Nipponnemertes Friedrich (Nemertini, Hoplonemertini). II. Taxonomy of Nipponnemertes pulcher (Johnston) and Some Other Species
Authors: BERG GUNNAR
Published: July 2005

The synonymity of some Amphiporus species is discussed. Amphiporus falklandicus Wheeler, 1934, A. pusillus Punnett, 1903, Nipponnemertes bergendali (Gering, 1912), N. danae (Friedrich, 1957) and Wheeler's specimens of A. gerlachei Burger, 1904 and A. lecointei Burger, 1904 are found to be synonymous with N. pulcher, while A. mesosorus Verrill, 1892, A. arcticus Punnett, 1901 and A. thompsoni Punnett, 1901 are separated from the discussion of synonymity with this species. A summary of the knowledge of the geographical distribution of N. pulcher is given. The species A. africanus Wheeler, 1940, A. magnus Punnett, 1903, A. marioni Hubrecht, 1887, A. schollaerti Wheeler, 1934 and A. scoresbyi Wheeler, 1934 are transferred to the genus Nipponnemertes Friedrich, 1968.
The Gutless Marine Tubificid Phallodrilus planus, a Flattened Oligochaete with Symbiotic Bacteria. Results from Morphological and Ecological Studies
Authors: GIERE OLAV
Published: July 2005

The anatomy of Phallodrilus planus Erseus, 1979, a relatively large interstitial tubificid from shallow subtidal sands off Bermuda, is characterized by an unequal development of the muscular layer which results in a flattening of the body shape. Like its relative P. leukodermatus, it lacks completely the digestive tract and nephridia, but is regularly associated with a thick subcuticular layer of two different gram‐negative bacteria which are involved in sulphide oxidation. This is shown by ultrastructural, histochemical and physiological data and affects the biological and ecological situation of these aberrant oligochaetes. The mutualistic nature of this bacteria/animal association is discussed.
Description de Falklandia gen.n. de I'Ocean Austral et définition des Lysianassoidea uristidiens (Crustacea, Amphipoda)
Authors: DE BROYER CLAUDE
Published: July 2005

The revision of the antarctic–subantarctic species Orchomenopsis reducta Schellenberg, 1931, has led to its attribution to a new, highly apomorphic genus: Falklandia gen.n. A new definition of the uristid group is given and Falklandia with 36 other lysianassoid genera are attributed to this supposedly monophyletic group.
The nematode fauna in the sulphide–rich brine seep and adjacent bottoms of the East Flower Garden, NW Gulf of Mexico. II. Monhysterida
Authors: JENSEN PREBEN
Published: July 2005

Eight nematode species of the order Monhysterida are described from the East Flower Garden at 72 m depth in the north–western Gulf of Mexico. The material is from sandy and rocky bottom samples influenced or beyond the influence o f a sulphide–rich brine seep. Seven species are new to science: Monhystera anoxybiotica sp.n., Gonionchus intermedius sp.n., Theristus (Theristus) coplatus sp.n., Theristus (Theristus) rezaki sp.n., Xyala oxybiotica spa., Desmolaimoides thiobioticus gen. et sp.n. and Linhomoeus gittingsi sp.n. Specimens of a Linhomoeus species are also described. The species is probably new to science, but the available material only includes females and juveniles.
Laminatubus alvini gen. et sp.n. and Protis hydrothermica sp.n. (Polychaeta, Serpulidae) from the bathyal hydrothermal vent communities in the eastern Pacific
Authors: TEN HOVE HARRY A. , ZTBROWIUS HELMUT
Published: July 2005

Descriptions and diagnoses are given for Laminatubus alvini gen. et sp.n. and Proric hydrothermica sp.n. Both species have been collected by submersibles (Alvin and Cyana) in four areas with hydrothermal activity on the Galapagos Ridge and on the East Pacific Risc (approx. 1°N, 10°N. 13°N and 21°N), at depths of about 2500–2600 m. The microstructure of the tube walls has been analysed and is illustrated by SEM micrographs.
The fine structure of the somatic muscles and their attachment to the cuticle in two species of Pycnogonida
Authors: TOTLAND GEIR K. , KRYVI HARALD
Published: July 2005

The fine structure of the somatic muscles and their attachment to the cuticle in the pyenogonids Nymphon (Chaetonymphon) macronyx G. O. Sars and Boreonymphon cf. abyssorum (Norman) is described. The muscles possess characteristics which are typical of arthropod slow muscle fibers: relatively long sarcomeres, a mean A‐band length of about 6 μm and a ratio of thin to thick contractile filaments of 4:1. The sarcotubular system consists of distinct t‐tubules, an irregular SR part and randomly distributed dyads and triads, the muscles are attached to the cuticle by specialized epidermal cells containing microtubules extending from the cuticular to the muscular side. The myoepidermal and epidermal‐cuticular junctions are described.
Martinssonia elongata gen. et sp.n., a crustacean‐like euarthropod from the Upper Cambrian ‘Orsten’ of Sweden
Authors: MÜLLER KLAUS J. , WALOSSEK DIETER
Published: July 2005

A tiny arthropod, with five growth stages, is described. Three of the instars are metanauplius‐like larvae, having unsegmented bodies and four pairs of appendages. The largest stage, with a length of about 1.5 mm, may still be immature. Its body is divided into three tagmata. The cephalon, including five appendiculate segments, h a projecting forehead with a rostral spine and a small shield with a joint between fourth and fifth segments. Eyes are absent. The trunk is composed of seven annular segments, the anterior two with appendages. The caudal end is a long pleotelson‐like segment with the anus on its ventral surface. There are seven pairs of appendages: uniramous antennulae, composed of few tubular podomeres; four pairs of biramous postantennular, almost homeomorphic cephalic appendages; two pairs on the trunk, the anterior pair being similar to the cephalic appendages except for the exopodite, the posterior being much smaller, uniramous and apparently rudimentary. Martinssonia was probably benthic, feeding on detritic particles which it stirred up from the bottom. Besides various crustacean‐like features, the new form reveals structures different from Crustacea as well as from all other known arthropodan groups. Martinssonia presumably is a descendant of an euarthropodan group, originating from the crustacean branch long before reaching the eucrustacean level of evolution.
Four new species of Provanna Dall (Prosobranchia, Cerithiacea?) from East Pacific hydrothermal sites
Authors: WARÉN ANDERS , BOUCHET PHILIPPE
Published: July 2005

Four new species of Provanna Dall, 1918 are described from East Pacific hydrothermal sites: Provanna ios sp.n., P. goniata sp.n., P. echinata sp.n. and P. variabilis sp.n. The type species of Provanna, P. Iomana Dall, 1918 and Trichotropis (Cerithioderma) pacifica Dall, 1908. which here is transferred to Provanna, are the only additional species known of the genus. Results of some preliminary anatomical investigations are given and a tentative position in the Cerithiacea is suggested. The four new species were collected by manned submersibles from sites of hydrothermal activity; P. Iomana has been dredged on two occasions only. from an area known for hydrothermal activity and we assume that the type‐ and only known locality for P. pacifica also is affected by hydrothermal acitivity.
Metazoan evolution–a new model
Authors: BERGSTRÖM JAN
Published: July 2005

Within their limits of resolution, different methods to reveal biochemical evolution appear to give reliable results where they can be controlled, as in the case of the Vertebrata. Compounds such as cytochrome c, SS rRNA and globins yield closely comparable results, which further strengthens the reliability. When the methods are applied to biochemical data from as many metazoan phyla as possible, the result is a phylogenetic tree which contrasts in certain respects with phylogenetic trees based on comparative zoology data. Important conclusions seem to include the following: (1) many metazoan phyla appear to have branched off from a shared, very conservative spiralian/protostome ancestral stock through the adoption of basically new feeding and locomotory strategies; (2) this origination makes it almost impossible to use a comparative zoology approach to solve problems of interphylum (in contrast to intraphylum) affinities, as similarities tend to be due only to shared derived Characters and similar life strategies, while dissimilarities are due to different basic life strategies; (3) protostome characters constitute a synapomorphy for triploblastic metazoans, and where absent they are secondarily lost, which means that protostome and deuterostome characters are irregularly distributed and mixed; (4) true deuterostomes form a sister group of the Mollusca, and they are only a top branch of the evolutionary tree.
Two new species of Bathypalaemonella Balss (Crustacea, Decapoda, Campylonotidae) from the Australian Northwest Shelf
Authors: BRUCE ALEXANDER J.
Published: July 2005

Two new species of shrimp belonging to the campylonotid genus Bathypalaemonella Balss from the Australian Northwest Shelf. R. brevirostris sp.n. and B. pilosipes sp.n., are described and illustrated. constituting the first records of this genus from Australian waters. Present knowledge of the genus is reviewed and the distribution of the known species listed. The two new species can be readily distinguished from the previously described species of Banthypalaemonella by the very characteristic morphologies of the dactyls of their ambulatory pereiopods.
Redescription of a brooding nemertine, Cyanophthalma obscura (Schultze) gen. et comb.n., with observations on its biology and discussion of the species of Prostomatella and related taxa*†
Authors: NORENBURG JON
Published: July 2005

A new genus, Cyanophthalma, is erected with the type species Tetrastemma obscura Schultze, 1851. Cyanophthalma obscura is transferred from Prostomatella and is redescribed from observations of more than 300 living specimens and serial sections of 59 specimens from the northeast coast of North America. Comparison is made with serial sections of C. obscura from the Baltic and with serially sectioned specimens of three other described species of Prostomatella. Two of these, P. enteroplecta and P. merula, do not fit either genus and are provisionally placed in the aggregate genus Tetrastemma, whose present diagnosis they do fit. Prostomatella remains with only its type species, P. arenicola. Amphiporus cordiceps is also transferred to Cyanophthalma. Some of the characters that form the basis for classifying Monostilifera are assessed for phylogenetic significance. Cyanophthalma obscura in Nova Scotia lives in salt marshes. Young are brooded through the winter while ice covers most of the marsh.
Epsilonematidae (Nematoda) from Chiloé (southern Chile), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: CLASING ELENA
Published: July 2005

From a sandy beach in southern Chile (Quellón Viejo, Chiloé Island) five species of the nematode family Epsilonematidae are described or redescribed: Bathyepsilonema spongiosum sp.n., Epsilonema dentaturn Lorenzen, 1973, E. serrulatum Lorenzen, 1973, Metepsilonema chilotum sp.n. and M. leptaleum Lorenzen, 1973. In the studied beach Epsilonematidae represent up to 33% of the interstitial nematodes. Epsilonema dentaturn is the most common species; in most of the samples, it represents more than 50% of all Epsilonematidae found. The epsilonematids occur mainly in a narrow zone at the midtidal level.
An investigation of the status of the terrestrial slugsArion ater ater(L.) andArion ater rufus(L.) (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in Britain
Authors: EVANS NICHOLAS J.
Published: July 2005

Three types of evidence, variation in external coloration and patterning. characters of the distal genitalia and biochemical variation, were used to determine if A.a. aterandA. u. rufuscould be recognized in Britain. From these studies it was possible to recognize the two taxa, but the variation of the morphological characters was continuous between them. The range of variation, in particular that of the distal genitalia of A.a. ater, was much wider than indicated by previous studies. The biochemical results from the use of zone electrophoresis and staining for non‐specific esterases indicated that there was a high level of similarity between the taxa. It was not possible to determine whether the continuity in the variation resulted from hybridization or an overlap between two separate ranges. Consequently, although the results agreed withA. aterbeing two subspecies, more work is needed both in Britain and on the Continent to extend these observations and to determine the status of the two taxa.
A redescription of the pinniped parasite Contracaecum ogmorhini (Nematoda, Ascaridoidea), with an assessment of its antiboreal circumpolar distribution
Authors: FAGERHOLM HANS‐PETER , GIBSON DAVID I.
Published: July 2005

The otariid seal parasite Contracaecum ogmorhini Johnston & Mawson, 1941 is redescribed based upon new material and the type specimens. The geographical records of this species indicate that it has an antiboreal circumpolar distribution with an isolated population on the south‐west coast of North America. The species is considered to be morphologically more similar to Contracaecum spp. from birds than to those from phocid seals: its possible evolution is commented upon. The material identified as C. osculatum (Rudolphi) by Flores‐Barroeta et al. is considered conspecific with C. ogmorhini, thus suggesting that it is this species, and not C. osculatum, which is responsible for abnormal tissue migration and brain damage in pinnipeds.
Three new phyllodocid species (Polychaeta) from the Trondheimsfjord in Norway, including some notes concerning the validity of the genus Steggoa
Authors: PLEIJEL FREDRIK
Published: July 2005

Three new phyllodocid species are described from the deep coral reefs in the Trondheimsfjord in Norway: Eulalia hanssoni sp.n., Eulalia microoculata sp.n. and Pterocirrus nidarosiensis sp.n. The genus Steggoa Bergstrom, 1914 is considered a junior synonym of Eulalia Savigny, 1817.
Petrocha notogaea gen. et sp.n., a neotenic interstitial polychaete (Dorvilleidae) from the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand
Authors: VON NORDHEIM HENNING
Published: July 2005

Petrocha notogaea represents a new interstitial dorvilleid genus from subtidal medium coarse sands. With its distinctly neotenic characters, such as one pair of short palps, ciliary rings on all parts of the body, setigers with uniramous parapodia, simple capillaries, simple heterogomph falcigers and comparatively small size (1.2–1.4 mm), it shows close phylogenetic affinity to several other taxa of the Dorvilleidae, such as Ikosipodus, Microdorvillea, Arenotrocha and Pusillotrocha, which have only been described in the last four years.
Augeneria algida (Wirén) comb.n., a deep‐sea lumbrinerid from Spitzbergen with aberrant setae (Annelida, Polychaeta): redescription of holotype
Authors: WTNSNES INGER M.
Published: July 2005

The holotype of Lumbrineris algida (Wirén, 1901) has been examined and a new description made. A special type of twisted, pseudocompound hooded hook, previously undescribed, was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Mouthparts are missing. Seventeen additional specimens from eight different localities in Arctic waters were studied and compared with the holotype. These are all provided with the same kind of aberrant setae. Mouthparts show, however, that L. algida belongs to the genus Augeneria Monro, 1930. All stations had negative bottom temperatures. A possible connection between low water temperature and the development of setae is discussed.
Deep‐sea asellote isopods of the north‐east Atlantic: the family Thambematidae
Authors: HARRISON K.
Published: July 2005

A collection of thambematids (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota) from depths of 1400–2900 m in the Rockall Trough, west of the British Isles, is considered. The type species of the genus Thambema Stebbing, T. amicorum Stebbing, is rediagnosed and three new species, T. golanachum, T. tanum, and T. fiatum, are described. The genera Thambema and Microthambema Birstein are contrasted and taxonomic characters separating these genera are provided. The difficulty of providing effective definitions for higher category taxa is discussed and a new definition is provided for the Asellota.
A new subfamily of Braconidae, the Vaepellinae, based on a new genus and species from Ghana (Insecta, Hymenoptera)
Authors: QUICKE DONALD L. J.
Published: July 2005

Vaepellis gen.n. (type species: V. varica sp.n.) from Ghana is described and illustrated. On the basis of the numerous unique apomorphies displayed by Vaepellis, including a comparatively long, clubbed scapus, a densely short‐setose body, very short palps and hind tibial spurs, very small eyes and ocelli and massive legs, this genus is placed in a new subfamily separated from its sister group the Braconinae.
Immature stages of some aphidophagous syrphid flies of India (Insecta, Diptera, Syrphidae)
Authors: KUMAR ASHWANI , KAPOOR V. C. , LASKA PAVEL
Published: July 2005

Immature stages, viz. egg, larva and puparium, of six species of the economically most important syrphid flies, Scaeva latimaculata (Brunetti), Ischiodon scutellaris (Fabricius), Episyrphus altemans (Macquart), Sphaerophoria Indiana Bigot, Metasyrphus confrater (Wiedemann), and M. latilunulatus (Collin), have been studied. These species are voracious feeders on three aphid species, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), which are serious pests of mustard, Brassica campestris L.
Frontal glands and frontal sensory structures in the Macrostomida (Turbellaria)
Authors: KLAUSER MARIANNE. D. , TYLER SETH
Published: July 2005

The ultrastructure of the frontal gland complex of six species of Macrostomida is investigated. In all species it comprises an array of discretely emerging gland necks of at least two gland types, including one with rhammite secretion granules and one with rhahdite granules. Moreover, mucous glands and glands containing other secretion granules are found in Microstomum sp. No intermeditate form which would allow bridging of the present lack of ultrastructural, histochemical and positional similarities between the Macrostomida and the Acoela is found in the examined species. Therefore, the probability of homology between the frontal organs of the Acoela and the frontal glands of the Macrostomida remains low. Even though two or three tyes of sensory receptors are found distributed over the anterior end of all examined species, the frontal gland complex does not appear to be sensory. Because of the uniformity in frontal gland ultrastructure. relationships within the Macrostomida based on this character alone cannot be detected.
Description de deux espéces jumelles du groupe Tigriopus angulatus (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) dans les archipels Crozet et Kerguelen (Terres Australes et Antarctiques Frangaises)
Authors: SOYER JACQUES , THIRIOT‐QUIEVREUX CATHERINE , COLOMINES JEAN‐CHARLES
Published: July 2005

Large populations of Tigriopus are reported from the Kerguelen Islands and Crozet Islands in the South Indian Ocean. The two populations exhibit complete sexual isolation, strong genetic differentiation and different karyological patterns. The description of these two new species points out only very slight morphological differences and they may be considered as sibling species. Distribution and status of the nine species of Tigriopus actually known are discussed.
Studies on the Cylindropsyllidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida). 1. The status of Leptastacus laticaudatus Nicholls
Authors: HUYS RONY
Published: July 2005

Leptastacus laticaudatus Nicholls, 1935, commonly found interstitially in fine sands of European boreal waters, is redescribed and figured. As a result, the subspecies names L. laticaudatus laticaudatus and L. laticaudatus intermedius Kunz, 1938 are nullified. Some variable characters, i.e. caudal rami and structure of the fifth leg, are discussed and the distribution of the species is summarized. The most closely allied species L. macronyx (T. Scott, 1892) and L. spatuliseta Mielke, 1982 constitute, together with L. laticaudatus, the ‘macronyx‐group’. L. laticaudatus intermedius sensu Apostolov, 1973 is considered species inquirenda. An amended diagnosis of the genus Leptastacus T. Scott, 1906 is presented.
A redefinition of the genus Monhystrella Cobb (Nematoda, Monhysteridae) with keys to the species
Authors: JACOBS LUDO J.
Published: July 2005

The genus Monhystrella Cobb, 1918 is redefined and an up‐to‐date list of its species is given. Illustrated keys to both females and males of the species are provided, including the description of the most important characteristics for each species.
Structures comparées du système reproducteur de quelques nématodes marins Sphaerolaimidae
Authors: GOURBAULT NICOLE
Published: July 2005

Description détaillée des structures génitales de Sphaerolaimus hirsutus. En comparaison, une grande similitude morphologique se retrouve chez les mâles de cinq autres espèces du même genre. Chez les femelles, en revanche, à un schéma général commun, viennent s'adjoindre des caractères spécifiques renforçant les coupures taxonomiques au sein de la famille; ceux‐ci sont essentiellement liés au stockage du sperme.

The structure of the reproductive system of Sphaerolaimus hirsutus is described in detail. Comparatively, in males of five congeneric species a significant morphological similarity has been found. In contrast, in corresponding females a common basic structure is present, together with additional specific features. These differing traits are in accordance with the previously established taxonomic divisions in the family; most of these features are in connection with female sperm storage.
Comparative electrophoretic analyses of three European Carinarion species (Mollusca, Pulmonata, Arionidae)
Authors: BACKELJAU THIERRY , AHMADYAR SAYED ZABIHULLA , SELENS MARCEL , VAN ROMPAEY JAN , VERHEYEN WALTER
Published: July 2005

Digestive gland esterases and albumen gland proteins of Arion (Carinarion)fasciatus, A. (C.) circumscriptus, A. (C.)silvaticus, A. (Kobeltia)hortensis, A. (K.) distinctus and A. (K.)intermedius were studied using vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and isoelectric focusing (IEF). Each of the three Carinarion forms revealed characteristic and nearly monomorphic electrophoretic profiles. Yet some variation was also observed. Within each form the mean intraspecific similarities, calculated from IEF profiles, were high in comparison with similar figures for A. hortensis and A. distinctus. The interspecific similarities, however, were low and of about the same magnitude as those of the Kobeltia species. These results are discussed in the light of the reproductive biology of the Carinarion spp. It seems convenient to retain the three names A. fasciatus, A. circumscriptus and A. silvaticus, even though these do not necessarily refer to actual biological species.
The tubicolous habit amongst the Tanaidacea (Crustacea, Peracarida) with particular reference to deep‐sea species
Authors: HASSACK  , HOLDICH D. M.
Published: July 2005

Although tanaids are thought of as a largely tubicolous order of peracarids, relatively few species have in fact been recorded from tubes. However, many species of the genus Typhlotanais recently collected from deep‐sea sediments are tubicolous and attach or incorporate a wide range of materials to a mucous tube formed of secretions from glands within the pereonal cavity. These include mud particles, sand grains, sponge spicules and foraminiferan tests. Silica and calcium usually form the dominant ions in the tubes. The various types of tube and their occupants are described and their roles discussed.
A new Apistogramma species (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Rio Negro in Brazil and Venezuela
Authors: KULLANDER SVEN O.
Published: July 2005

Apistogramma diplotaenia sp.n. occurs in the upper and middle Rio Negro. The largest among 186 specimens studied is a 29.2 mm SL male, the largest female is 22.9 mm SL. Distinguishing characters include a unique colour pattern, consisting of two dark bands along the side which converge anteriorly and posteriorly. A comparative osteological study, including other species of Apistogramma and the genera Taeniacara and Apistogrammoides, indicates a progressive forwards loss of infraorbital ossicles and foramina among dwarf cichlids. The long, rod‐like interarcual cartilage ofApistogramma, Apistogrammoides and Satanoperca possibly represents a plesiomorphic condition otherwise unknown among cichlids.
Ultrastructural studies of epidermis, sense receptors and sperm of Craspedella sp. and Didymorchis sp. (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela)
Authors: ROHDE KLAUS
Published: July 2005

Craspedella has a non‐ciliated epidermis with nuclei located in the epidermis and with short microvilli. There is a thin basal lamina and thick underlying fibrous matrix. Rhabdites are secreted through ducts lined by microtubules. Multiciliate sense receptors consist of bundles of dendrites in a depression of the epidermis. Each dendrite has a cilium with a cross‐striated rootlet; there are no electron‐dense collars. Spermatozoa have peripheral microtubules which in cross‐section are arranged in a ring‐like or spiral fashion, numerous electron‐dense granules, mitochondria and a nucleus; axonemes of the 9 +‘1’type are free for most of their length. Centrioles occur in some nerve fibres. In Didymorchis parts of the epidermis are ciliated and epidermal perikarya are ‘insunk’, connected to the surface part of the epidermis by a single cytoplasmic process. Epidermal cilia have cross‐striated vertical and horizontal rootlets. In the ciliary tips a short electron‐dense rod along the central pair of tubules extends to the tip, where it widens to become a terminal plate; peripheral doublets gradually disappear by losing their microtubules. Receptors observed are uniciliate. Spermatozoa are as in Craspedella. Ultrastructural evidence indicates that Craspedella and Didymorchis arc closely related and belong to the Rhabdocoela.
Taxonomic descriptions of cocculinid limpets (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda): two new species and three rediscovered species
Authors: McLEAN JAMES H.
Published: July 2005

Taxonomic descriptions of five species treated anatomically in an accompanying paper by Haszprunar are given. Based on a new record from Florida, the type species of Cocculina, C. rathbuni Dall, 1882, is treated, enabling other genera in the family to be compared anatomically to the type genus. Cocculina ovata Schepman, 1908 is recognized from continental shelf depths off the Philippines‐ Two new species of Cocculina are described: C. baxteri, from the continental slope, Prince William Sound, Alaska, and C. cowani, from the continental slope off the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Coccocrater agassizi (Dall, 1908) is newly reported and redescribed from the lower continental slope and abyss in the Gulf of Panama.
Taxonomic studies on Danielssenia (Crustacea, Copepoda, Harpacticoida) with descriptions of two new species from Norway and Alaska
Authors: GEE J. M.
Published: July 2005

As a result of an examination of the original material of G. O. Sars and of new material from Björnehodebukta, Oslofjord, Danielssenia fusiformis (Brady) is synonymized with Danielssenia typica Boeck and the latter species redescribed. Two new species are described; D. quadriseta, from Oslofjord, is distinguished from all other known species by the presence of only 1 inner seta on the distal endopodite segment of swimming leg 3; Danielssenia reducta, from Alaska, is the only species in the genus with just 3 setae on the terminal endopodite segment of swimming leg 4. A new key to species of Danielssenia is also provided.
Five new species of leaf litter harpacticoids (Crustacea, Copepoda) from Nepal*
Authors: DUMONT HENRI J. , MAAS SIBYLLE
Published: July 2005

From leaf litter samples collected at altitudes varying between 1900 m and 3800 m a.s.l. five new species of harpacticoid copepods are described. One, Parbatocamptus jochenmartensi represents a new genus in the formerly monotypic family Phyllognathopodidae. Four, Attheyella (Chappuisella) ilami, Moraria ilami, Elaphoidella jochenmartensi and Elaphoidella pseudocornuta, are new Canthocamptidae, related to leaf axil faunas of the tropical lowland forest of Indonesia.
A new monostiliferous hoplonemertean (Nemertea), Oerstedia striata sp.n., from the west coast of Sweden
Authors: SUNDBERG PER
Published: July 2005

Oerstedia striata sp.n. (family Prosorhochmidae?) is described. The species was originally reported as one of the varieties of the polymorphic species Oerstedia dorsalis (Abildgaard, 1806). Its specific status was detected by an electrophoretic screening of six enzymes, of which four were unique for this species as compared to the analysed forms of O. dorsalis.
Anatomy and affinities of pseudococculinid limpets (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda)
Authors: HASZPRUNAR GERHARD
Published: July 2005

The anatomy of 12 pseudococculinid species, representing the two subfamilies and 10 (of 11 known) genera, is described in detail. Three new genera are erected, Yaquinabyssia, Copulabyssia and Amphiplica. Subfamilial and generic systematics are reconsidered and additionally based on anatomical characters. Characters defining subfamilies and genera (Pseudoeoeculininae: Pseudococculina, Notocrater, Tentaoculus, Mcsopelex, Bandabyssia, Kurilabyssia; Caymanabyssiinae: Caymanabyssia, Colotrachelus, Yuquinabyssia, Copulabyssia, Amphiplica) are the modifications in shell and radula, the number and arrangement of gill‐leaflets, the size of the pedal gland, the degree of eye‐reduction and the modifications of the seminal groove and of the copulatory organ. Separation of the Pseudococculinidae Hiekman, 1983 from the Cocculinidae Dall, 1882 at the superfamilial level is confirmed by great differences in their anatomy. Whereas the Cocculinidae are closely related to the Bathysciadiidae (Cocculinoidea). the Lepctcllidae, Pyropeltidae, Pseudococculinidae,? Bathyphytophilidae, Osteopeltidae, Cocculinellidae, Addisoniidae and Choristellidae form a clearly separated supcrfamily (Lepetelloidea). Both superfamilies compose the Cocculiniformia. a primitive but highly specialized arehaeogastropod suborder.
Note on the Arcturidae from the Weddetl Sea and description of Antarcturus hempeli sp.n. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Valvifera)
Authors: WÄGELE JOHANN‐WOLFGANG
Published: July 2005

New localities of several arcturids are reported from the Atlantic sector of the Antarctic Ocean. Antarcturus hempeli sp.n. is described and drawings from type material of the following species are presented: Antarcturus furcatus (Studer, 1882), A. polaris (Hodgson, 1902), A. glacialis (Beddard, 1886). A granulosus Nordenstam, 1933, A. antarcticus Bouvier, 1910, A. lillei Tattersall, 1920, A. coppingeri (Miers, 1881), A. hodgsoni Richardson, 1913. Of the 37 species known from the studied area only 6 occur in the high Antarctic Weddell Sea. It is suspected that the semi‐sessile way of life yielded the evolution of many local species and races.
A new crangonid shrimp, Pontocheras arafurae gen. et sp.n., from the Arafura Sea
Authors: BRUCE ALEXANDER J.
Published: July 2005

A new genus of crangonid shrimp from the Arafura Sea is described and illustrated. Pontocheras amfurae sp.n. occurs in shallow silty waters off northern Australia. The new genus is closely related to the genus Pontocaris Bate, 1888, hut it is remarkable in the modifications of the dactyls of the fifth pereiopods, a mechanism attaching the branchiostogite to the thoracic sternites and the presence of a probable stridulating mechanism on the carpus of the third pereiopod.
The microtopography and papillar arrangement on adult Gorgoderina vitelliloba (Olsson) (Digenea, Gorgoderidae) from amphibians in relation to fish gorgoderids
Authors: BAKKE T. A. , HOOLE D.
Published: July 2005

Specimens of Gorgoderina vitelliloba recovered from Rana temporaria and R. pipiens purchased in Eire are described using SEM. The microtopography is illustrated with particular emphasis on the type, number and arrangement of papillae. Significant differences in papillar arrangement were observed between the present specimens of G. vitelliloba from amphibians and that described earlier for the type species of Phyllodistomum from pike, Esox lucius, and Phyllodistomum from salmonids. The differences in papillae number and arrangement on the ventral sucker of G. vitelliloba and the Phyllodistomum species are interpreted as confirmation of their generic separation. The papillae types found are illustrated by SEM and discussed.
Burrowing into limestone by sabellid polychaetes
Authors: CHUGHTAI IFFAT , WYN KNIGHT‐JONES E.
Published: July 2005

Pseudopotamilla reniformis and Perkinsiana rubra have irregular winding burrows, which penetrate to a distance of about 5 cm into hard limestone and are probably formed mostly by chemical means. Acid mucopolysaccharides are produced by parapodial glands and by the ventral gland shields, as in other sabellids. By producing tubes of such substances, which readily bind calcium, sabellids are pre‐adapted for boring into calcareous substrata.
Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of the mosquito Toxorhynchites (Diptera, Culicidae)
Authors: JUSTINE JEAN‐LOU , MATTEI XAVIER
Published: July 2005

The spermatozoon of Toxorhynchites brevipalpis conradti Gruenberg is long and filiform. It contains an anterior nucleus, an axoneme of the 9 + 9 +“1” pattern and two mitochondrial derivatives. Comparison of our observations with bibliographical data shows that spermatozoon ultrastructure is homogeneous in the family Culicidae (Culicinae, Anophelinae and Toxorhyn‐chitinae). The 9 + 9 +“1” pattern of the sperm axoneme may be considered a synapomorphy of the Culicidae.
The crenellate lining of the Dufour gland in the genus Aenictus: a new character for interpreting the phylogeny of Old World army ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae)
Authors: BILLEN JOHAN P. J. , JR WILLIAM H. GOTWALD
Published: July 2005

The Dufour gland epithelium in Aenictus has a crenellate appearance, a condition previously found only in the primarily African genus Dorylus. This character, taken alone, strongly suggests that these two genera share a common ancestry, as is presently reflected in their placement in the subfamily Dorylinae, and that an independent, convergent origin for them, as has been proposed in the triphyletic hypothesis for army ant evolution, is incorrect.
Species of the Paramecium aurelia complex (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in the Middle Sudetes of Poland
Authors: PRZYBOŚ EWA , KOMALA ZOFIA
Published: July 2005

Four species of the Paramecium aurelia complex were found in the studied territory (Klodzko Basin) of the Middle Sudetes in Poland, i.e. Paramecium primaurelia, P. biaurelia, P. tetraurelia and P. novaurelia. Of these, P. biaurelia and P. novaurelia appeared with greater frequency than P. primaurelia. Both species dominated over P. primaurelia in the number of determined habitats, as well as in the number of examined clones. Paramecium tetraurelia was rare in the area, being found in only one habitat.
Two new Mesostoma species (Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela) from Australia
Authors: KOLASA JERZY , SCHWARTZ STEVEN S.
Published: July 2005

Taxonomical descriptions and ecological records are given of two new species of Mesostoma from Australia: Mesostoma appinum sp.n. and Mesostoma magnum sp.n. Externally, M. appinum resembles other species of the M. lingua group, but internally the combination of a thin‐walled copulatory organ, a large penis papilla and the appearance of epithelium differentiates it from similar species. Mesostoma magnum is a large and darkly pigmented species. Its characteristic features include a large copulatory organ, follicular testicles and a differentiated atrium. Both species are efficient predators of mosquito larvae and Daphnia.
Comparative ultrastructural studies of the epidermis, sperm and nerve fibres of Cleistogamia longicirrus and Seritia stichopi (RhabdocoeIa, UmagiIIidae)
Authors: ROHDE KLAUS , WATSON N. , CANNON L. R. G.
Published: July 2005

The epidermis of Cleistogamia longicirrus consists of columnar, interdigitated cells with apical mitochondria, short microvilli and cilia which have a single horizontal rootlet anchored in the adjacent cytoplasm by transverse bars and a thin side branch. Cells are held together by desmosomes and intermediary junctions. Epidermal cilia have a terminal, electron dense rod between the central microtubules and doublet 1 and a terminal plate; doublets 1 and 6–9 lose one of their microtubules and gradually all doublets lose one microtubule and peripheral doublets disappear. Spermatozoa have a single closed peripheral row of microtubules, numerous electron dense granules and mitochondria and axonemes are of the 9 +“1” type and free for most of their length. Nerve fibres have microtubules and some nerve fibres are surrounded by lamellae and have invaginations of the fibre wall. The epidermis of Seritia stichopi resembles that of Cleistogamia, but cilia have a single horizontal rootlet anchored by transverse bars in the cytoplasm, without a side branch. Spermatozoa also are similar to those of Cleistogamia. Certain ultrastructural similarities between some Umagillidae and Neodermata are apparently due to convergent evolution and do not allow the conclusion that Umagillidae and Neodermata are particularly closely related.
Postembryonic development of Tisbe gracilis (T. Scott) (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)
Authors: DAHMS HANS‐UWE , BERGMANS MARC
Published: July 2005

All six naupliar and five copepodite stages of Tisbe gracilis (T. Scott, 1895) are described. A key for the identification of the nauplius stages is given. The oral appendages of all copepodite stages are described. Sexual dimorphism is visible from the copepodite IV stage on.
New species of Stygiopontius (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) from a deep–sea hydrothermal vent at the East Pacific Rise
Authors: HUMES ARTHUR G.
Published: July 2005

Three dirivultid copepods, Stygiopontius puxillifer sp.n. and S. appositus sp.n., unusual in having pegs along the ventral edges of the cephalosome, and S. lurniger sp.n., distinguiahcd from congeners by the modificd thorn‐like seta on the second segment of the maxilliped, arc dcscrihcd from a depth of 2616 m at 21°N in the eastern Pacific.
Redescription and taxonomic reappraisal of Amphiporus elongatus Stephenson (Nemertea, Enopla) from the Firth of Clyde
Authors: GIBSON RAY
Published: July 2005

Amphiporus elongatus Stephenson, 1911, is redescribed from histological studies of five specimens obtained from near the type locality. The systematic position of the species is reassessed and a new genus, Psammamphiporus, is established for it. Psammamphiporus elongatus (Stephenson) is so far known only from two intertidal sandy localities in the Firth of Clyde.
Systematic notes on some Antarctic Ascophora (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)
Authors: HAYWARD PETER J. , THORPE JOHN P.
Published: July 2005

Nine new species of ascophoran cheilostome Bryozoa are described from Antarctic localities. Five species are considered to be new to science (Smittina favulosa, Smittina diffidentia, Smittoidea pugiuncula, Escharella mamillata, Fenestrulina antarctica), while four others have been previously recorded under other names (Smittoidea malleata, Escharella watersi, Lacerna watersi, Hippothoa belgica). Escharella crozetensis Waters, formerly recorded from Antarctica, is considered to be limited to the Kerguelen region of the South Indian Ocean.
Redescription of Rhodopsis pusih Bush, a little known but widely distributed species of Serpullidae (Polychaeta)
Authors: BEN‐ELIAFIU M. NECHAMA , TEN HOVE HARRY A.
Published: July 2005

Rhodopsis pusilla Bush 1905. a minute species characterized by a chitinous opereular plate bearing numerous spines is redescribed and a neotype is designated. Apomatolos Uchida. 1978 is synonymized with Rhodopsis. Ventral fillform mouth‐palps are present a rarely observed character in common with Pseudovermilia Bush. Variability between and within populations from different seas is discussed. Rhodopsis pusilla from Heron Island shows opercular dimorphism. Pouch‐like brood chambers similar in texture (SEM) to the Rhodopsis tubes and integrally associated with rings marking successive position of the peristome were found on some tubes. These brood chambers. presumed to belong to Rhodopsis are described with conjectures as to their mode of formation. Some aspects of opercular polymorphism in serpulids are discussed.
Comparative morphology of Chappuisius inopinus Kiefer and C. singeri Chappuis (Copepoda, Harpacticoida)*
Authors: GLATZEL THOMAS
Published: July 2005

Previous descriptions of the two species of the family Chappuisiidae are amcnded based on a close re‐examination using light and electron microscopy. These additions and corrections refer in particular to the antennae 1 and 2. the mouthparts. the male P5 and the genital fields of the females.