bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
US Foreign Policy and China
Authors: Warren Aiden , Bartley Adam
Published: May 2022

This book draws critical attention to the core security challenges that have defined U.S. foreign policy in relation to China and its rise on the international stage. During the administrations of Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama the traditional safeguards and stabilizers to strategic competition were broadly adhered to, albeit not without in some cases great difficulty. Under the leadership of Donald Trump and China’s Xi Jinping, however, these bulwarks were alarmingly diminished. Abrupt departures in engagement platforms and asserting regional defensive postures have become the new norms. With brevity and nuance, this book provides much needed connective tissue in examining these departures and their antecedents across the Bush, Obama, and Trump administrations. It reveals Washington and Beijing are moving toward a new period where, unlike previous ones, this one will be characterized by an amplified preponderance of competition, and the enhanced probability of conflict and confrontation.
The Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo, 1261-1517
Authors: Banister Mustafa
Published: May 2022

This book presents a detailed investigation of the Cairene descendants of the Abbasid family during the period of so-called ‘Mamluk’ rule in Egypt and Syria (1250–1517) and reveals a nuanced understanding of the Abbasid Caliphate according to elite members of Syro-Egyptian society. In doing so, Mustafa Banister addresses the function of the caliph and his office amidst the breakdown and recreation of each new socio-political order of the Cairo Sultanate. The book examines the uniquely medieval Egyptian conditions of both the idea and the institution of the caliphate, including how it was socially and textually performed in the context of the late medieval sultanate. Part One of the book (Chapters 1–5) creates a sprawling historical narrative, which establishes a chronological framework that contextualises the rest of the work. Part Two of the book (Chapters 6–9), as a social and intellectual history, then broadens the focus of the study by analysing contemporary perceptions of the Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo. For specialist and non-specialist readers, this book provides a comprehensive dynastic history of the Cairene Abbasids, as well as a study of the manifestations of ‘Caliphate’ in the Cairo Sultanate based on narrative, prescriptive and documentary sources.
Containing and Maintaining the Caliphate, 815–903/1412–97
Authors: Banister Mustafa
Published: May 2022

After its involvement in fourteenth-century political intrigues discussed in the previous chapter, this chapter concerns the caliphate’s return to form as a courtly office during the fifteenth century. The Cairene Abbasid caliphs in this period tried to maintain the living standard and properties held by their household, actively pursued scholarship, and in most cases distanced themselves from non-ceremonial affairs of state. The Abbasids emerge from late medieval Arabic sources as a family interested in producing office-holders capable of being ‘men of good works’ and religion who cultivated academic profiles and participated in the social networks of the scholarly class. In the meantime, they enjoyed modest scholarly careers as the religious dimensions of the office continued to develop along with the privileges and assets of their household. This was also a period of growth in the size and branches of the family and rival contenders began to appear and present difficulties for succession practices, which comes to a head in the next chapter.
Re-constructing a Nuanced Caliphate
Authors: Banister Mustafa
Published: May 2022

This concluding chapter synthesises the findings of the previous chapters and discusses the nuanced evolution of the caliphal office within its uniquely Cairene context. Attention to the transformation of the caliphate in late medieval Egypt and Syria demonstrates the ways in which the classical model of the office had to deal with the vulnerability created when the caliph became a sheltered ‘son of heaven’ often isolated from the Muslim community. Chapter 10 brings together the narrative, juridical and documentary images explored in the previous chapters in order to lead a discussion on how we may begin to see the Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo anew in light of its social dimensions.
Background: Dependency and Government Phonology
Authors: van der Hulst Harry
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, I briefly discuss the background of the theory that is proposed in this book, which I see as a development of Dependency Phonology (DP), with which it thus necessarily shares a number of design properties which will be presented in some detail, both with respect to the DP proposal for elements, and with respect to its basic principles. My model also has certain properties in common with varieties of Government Phonology (GP), which I will also review in this chapter. Comparison to other phonological models is covered in Chapter 12.
Radical CV Phonology
Authors: van der Hulst Harry
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, I present an introduction to the Radical CV Phonology model, focusing on the ‘syntax’ of C/V combinations but without providing details of the segmental structure or empirical underpinning. In the chapters that follow, I will then go into the details for each class of phonological elements (manner, location, laryngeal) and provide typological empirical support. In this chapter, I will also provide the RcvP model of the syllable (which accommodates four core positions) and discuss how segmental structure and syllable structure are connected. This chapter also discusses the question as to whether major class distinction can be expressed structurally, as opposed to adopting a separate major category class. I show how the two RcvP ‘C’ and ‘V’ elements are phonetically interpreted by providing a set of interpretation functions that form part of the phonetic implementation system.
Place
Authors: van der Hulst Harry
Published: May 2022

Place elements are mostly relevant for the syllabic head position (that is the onset head and the rhyme head position), because dependent units (onset dependent and rhyme dependent or coda), as will be proposed in chapter 3, have limited distinctive location properties. In this chapter, I adopt the same structure as for the chapter on manner (which will also be done for the laryngeal class in the next chapter).
Laryngeal: phonation and tone
Authors: van der Hulst Harry
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, I will discuss the laryngeal class as needed for phonation types in consonants. For vowels, laryngeal distinctions cover tone proper and register. I discuss at length the position of laryngeal realism as it plays out in analyses of phonation types in different Germanic languages. I then turn to a number of specific issues in typologies of phonation types and phonation on vowels. Finally, I review correlations between tone and phonation.
Predictability and preference
Authors: van der Hulst Harry
Published: May 2022

In this chapter I will discuss how RcvP relates to some recurrent concepts in phonological theory. This discussion will be framed by the following issues and questions:
Predictability of elements: can some C/V choices be predicted from the syllable structure specification of segments or other elements within the segmental structure? Preference of occurrence (lexical or token frequency): how does RcvP predict preference of occurrence of segment types, with reference to position in the syllable (or larger units)?
Preferred segmental systems (system typology, type frequency): how does RcvP predict the shape of preferred phoneme systems? Throughout the preceding chapters, I have occasionally indicated how RcvP addresses these questions, but in this chapter I will offer a systematic account.
Comparison to other models
Authors: van der Hulst Harry
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, I offer a comparison between my model and a selection of other models. While it will of course be important to highlight how the RcvP model differs from other models, primarily in its radical proposal to reduce all distinctions to two elements which occur in multiple roles (head, dependent) in different element classes, I will be more interested in showing how the RcvP model is compatible with feature sets and feature geometries that have been proposed, and motivated, in other proposals. To the extent that these proposals have been made on solid empirical grounds, they also support the RcvP choices. What RcvP adds to these specific proposals is that it is shown how they can be derived from the basic RcvP principles, adding an element of explanatory adequacy to these proposals. I will point out striking analogies between RcvP and other proposals which have often been developed independently of DP and RcvP, with no apparent knowledge of such historically earlier models, which only adds to their value as independent confirmation of the model proposed here.
Political Economy and the Shaping of Early Modern Scotland
Authors: Macinnes Allan I.
Published: May 2022

Integral to the discourse on national prosperity in early modern Scotland was the question of whether wealth creation was attributable to land, a finite resource, or to labour, which had a far greater, if not infinite, potential for expansion. From the mid-seventeenth century, first in England, then in Scotland and Ireland, as a reaction to the intensely debilitating Wars for the Three Kingdoms, writing commenced on political economy that postulated if prosperity was attributable primarily to landed enterprise or to overseas trade which financed the engagement of labour in manufacturing a diverse range of goods and services. Political economy became a key element in shaping government policy throughout Europe from the later seventeenth century. The growing primacy of political economy pointed the way to modernity as reflected in the built environment through the growth of towns and villages, public buildings and mansion houses; by increased quarrying activity for stone, lime and slate; and by the spread of contract labour.
The Terraced Garden in Scotland in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Brown Marilyn
Published: May 2022

Terraced gardens are a particularly appropriate form of garden in Scotland where so many early houses, castles and mansions occupy positions on elevated sites with defensive capability.Terracing provided a sheltered site for the display of espaliered fruit trees and a place from which to contemplate and be impressed by the garden, the park and the wider landscape.It also importantly permitted a means of access to a garden close to the house, easily available to women, allowing them the opportunity to take the exercise recommended by contemporary authorities on health. The contemplation of the house from below, up a series of terraces, provides an enhanced view of the building, which dominates the landscape.As in Europe, the influence of Italian gardens, particularly those of the late fifteenth, sixteenth and earlier seventeenth centuries, which drew on classical precedents, was succeeded in the later seventeenth century by French models when the prestige of the gardens at Versailles resulted in the construction of more elaborate examples.Terraces, however, always formed only one element of the garden and complemented other features, such as avenues, parterres, fishponds and fountains, forming part of the total design.
William Adam and Antiquity: an Arcadian Retreat at Arniston?
Authors: Haynes Nick
Published: May 2022

In May 1725 Robert Dundas (1685–1753) was forced to resign his post as Lord Advocate, the government’s chief legal officer in Scotland, for his opposition to Sir Robert Walpole’s controversial Malt Tax. This turbulent event seems to have prompted thoughts of retirement from politics and retreat to his ailing father’s estate at Arniston in Midlothian. With the prospect of spending more time with his expanding family, Dundas commissioned William Adam to carry out an extensive classical remodelling of the Arniston towerhouse and its surrounding designed landscape in the manner of a Roman villa. This chapter reviews the fragmentary documentary and physical evidence of the first thirty years of the new Arniston, focussing on the garden and landscape, but in the context of a closely integrated scheme for the house and a broader revival of interest in the culture, art, architecture, and gardens of Ancient Rome.
Town Housing and Planning: Alexander McGill, James Gibbs and Allan Dreghorn in Early Georgian Glasgow
Authors: Lewis Anthony
Published: May 2022

This chapter reviews the architectural history of Georgian Glasgow by considering two aspects of its early Georgian expansion. Firstly, it considers the development of the area near the river in the east of the city, with the focus on the merchant community and their newly found riches coming from the transatlantic slave economy, with the focus on Shawfield mansion, by Colen Campbell.That neo-Palladian insertion is then complimented by a rather different approach to the classical villa in the proposal made by Alexander McGill for the Duke of Montrose’s lodging in the nearby Drygate.
Was Scotland a ‘Narrow Place’?
Authors: MacInnes Ranald
Published: May 2022

This chapter takes as its starting point the often-quoted judgement by Scotland’s leading architect, Robert Adam, who had left his native country to set up practice in London, that Scotland was ‘a narrow place’. Adam’s casual statement has been used by historians to suggest the existence of a range of issues from religious intolerance and petty-mindedness to a simpler and less culturally charged statement about lack of opportunity for an ambitious architect, ‘man of genius’ and developer.
The Performance of Burns
Authors: Brown Ian , Carruthers Gerard
Published: May 2022

This chapter introduces the other essays in the collection, while also sketching out the context of the long performative history of Burns. It discusses the media and genre of music, theatre and film, as well as the commemorative and reiterative traditions of performance around Robert Burns which influentially stretch across the world.
Orchestral Manoeuvres: Burns on the Concert Platform, 1879–1959
Authors: McCue Kirsteen
Published: May 2022

As has been mapped by recent scholarship, Burns’s lyrics, and often the melodies associated with them, have inspired musicians since the 1780s to arrange, set and compose their own work. Much has been written on the musical settings in Burns’s early song collections for Johnson and Thomson; some work has been done on Schumann’s lieder with texts by Burns; little attention has so far been given to the many orchestral depictions of Burns’s poems and songs. This chapter examines the creation and performance history of a small set of these works. It begins with Alexander Campbell Mackenzie's late-1800s orchestral rhapsodies, featuring key songs and tunes associated with Burns, a compositional process repeated in 1959 with Serge Hovey's Robert Burns Rhapsody, created in the USA and premiered in Berlin. Between these dates, Burns's major poem 'Tam o' Shanter' inspired in quite different ways three key British composers – Mackenzie and his younger Scots contemporary Learmont Drysdale, and England's Malcolm Arnold – revealing its attractiveness to the world of programmatic orchestral music. The chapter explores how Burns's musical influence went beyond his songs and melodies – and beyond Scotland's borders.
Introduction: A Nation of Others
Authors: Olszok Charis
Published: May 2022

My introduction reviews the development of modern Libyan fiction, framing its marginality within wider Arabic literature through the nation’s history of poverty and oppression. Brief analysis of famous oral qaṣīda, ‘mā bī maraḍ’ (‘My only ailment’) (c. 1930), by Rajab Būḥwaysh al-Minifī, tribe Sheikh and prisoner of an Italian concentration camp, provides a focus for this, resonating in the imaginary of later authors through its lament of lost freedom, balance and dignity. Tracing the emergence of a vibrant literary community in the 1960s, curtailed by Gaddafi’s 1969 coup, I then discuss how writers struggled through censorship, and the impact of this on their literary aesthetics from the 1970s until the 2000s. Through examples from the short story, which first dominated the literary scene, I subsequently outline my methodology, engaging with Santner and Pick’s differing concepts of the ‘creaturely’, as a way of understanding how structures of power are critiqued on the level of both nation and species. Through the Qur’ānic description of animals as ‘nations like you’ (umamun amthālukum, 6:38), cited in the opening to works by al-Faqīh and al-Kūnī, I suggest animals’ importance as parallel, heterotopic worlds, through which human ways of seeing, knowing and doing are tested.
Architectural Culture in British-Mandate Jerusalem, 1917-1948
Authors: Gitler Inbal Ben-Asher
Published: May 2022

Architecture as a Cross-Cultural Project: Building in Jerusalem during the British Mandate 1917-1948, examines a fascinating and critical epoch in the architectural history of Jerusalem. It proposes a fresh and analytical discussion of British Mandate-era architecture by studying buildings that impacted Jerusalem’s built environment for years to come. By applying relational history methodology, the book reveals how these building projects evolved as an outcome of cross-cultural influences and relations among the British, American, Jewish-Zionist and Muslim-Palestinian communities. The book focuses on 4 case studies: the Muslim Palestinian Palace Hotel, the Jewish-Zionist Zionist Executive Buildings, the British Palestine Archaeological Museum (the Rockefeller Museum) and the American Jerusalem YMCA Building. These buildings’ analysis shows the major role that architecture and architectural culture had in constructing communal and national identities in Jerusalem and in Mandate Palestine The building and design processes, as well as the outcome of the edifices discussed here, present new perspectives on the adaptation of modern architecture in the Middle East and the negotiation of historicism and vernacular architecture during the first half of the twentieth century.
D. H. Lawrence and the Literary Marketplace
Authors: Grice Annalise
Published: May 2022

This is the first monograph to examine how D. H. Lawrence established a professional writing career.
Despite the ‘materialist turn’ in modernist studies, the extent and depth of D. H. Lawrence’s engagement with the literary marketplace has not been considered. The labelling of him as a working class ‘genius’ has concealed the question of how he became a published writer. Analysing the literary marketplace of the ‘long’ Edwardian period, this book assesses the circumstances for becoming an author at this time, examining Lawrence’s changing conceptions of what kind of writer he wanted to be and who he wanted to write for. It reconsiders the significance of Lawrence’s literary mentors Ford Madox Hueffer and Edward Garnett and recovers several figures (including Violet Hunt and Ezra Pound) whose significance for Lawrence’s career has been underestimated. The book evaluates how Lawrence’s work was marketed and received by the reading public in Britain and America, examining publishing houses (including Heinemann, Duckworth, T. Fisher Unwin and Mitchell Kennerley) and literary journals and magazines (such as the New Age, the English Review, Madame, Rhythm and Forum).
‘I know nothing of the publishing of books’: Ford Madox Hueffer, Violet Hunt and William Heinemann
Authors: Grice Annalise
Published: May 2022

Chapter 3 focuses on the support and advice that D. H. Lawrence’s literary mentors offered him at a crucial early stage in his career. It reconsiders Lawrence’s relationship with Ford Madox Hueffer (editor of the prestigious literary monthly the English Review), examining archive evidence such as letters Hueffer sent to Lawrence advising him on his fledgling career and appraising drafts of his manuscripts. The chapter argues that Violet Hunt played a larger role in the launching of Lawrence’s career and in his approach to his first publisher William Heinemann than has previously been acknowledged. In the eyes of Hueffer and Hunt, in autumn 1909 Lawrence was a marketable proposition and an author whose works were likely to appeal to the circulating libraries. Drawing on new archival research, this chapter reveals that Lawrence’s first novel was enthusiastically reviewed in publications such as the little-known theatrical woman’s magazine Madame.
‘My dear Garnett … why do you take so much trouble for me?’: Edward Garnett, ‘Friend and Protector’
Authors: Grice Annalise
Published: May 2022

Arguing that traditional criticism on Lawrence’s literary career has studied certain figures such as the publisher’s reader Edward Garnett largely in one-dimensional terms, Chapter 4 focuses on Garnett’s vital editorial assistance with the ‘Saga of Siegmund’ manuscript, which became Lawrence’s second novel The Trespasser (1912). Ford Madox Hueffer had warned Lawrence not to publish the book, believing that its ‘phallic’ content would ruin Lawrence’s reputation. The chapter considers the help Garnett gave Lawrence in placing his poems, sketches, plays and short stories in a climate of censorship enforced by influential bodies such as the Circulating Libraries Association. Chapter 4 outlines the extensive experience Garnett had as a publisher’s reader and his status as a critic and a writer who had been involved in high-profile censorship disputes. These various experiences enabled him to manage the ‘erotic’ content of The Trespasser and to secure its publication by Gerald Duckworth. If Garnett had not intervened at this stage in Lawrence’s career then The Trespasser and Sons and Lovers (1913) may never have been published and his career could have been over before it had really begun.
‘A green fresh poet’: Self-Fashioning, Networking and Marketing the Contemporary Poet
Authors: Grice Annalise
Published: May 2022

Chapter 5 explores how Lawrence understood the necessity of self-fashioning and self-advertisement. The chapter concentrates on Lawrence’s early connections with esoteric poetry circles in literary London as he mixed with Ezra Pound, W. B. Yeats, Florence Farr, Ernest and Grace Rhys and Rachel Annand Taylor. Lawrence wrote a controversial paper on Taylor for presentation at the Croydon branch of the English Association. While in 1909-10 he was fascinated by Taylor’s sensual love poetry, at the invitation of Edward Marsh in 1913 he associated himself with the Georgian Poets and so began his friendship with Katherine Mansfield, John Middleton Murry and other contributors to the little magazine they edited, Rhythm.
Coda
Authors: Grice Annalise
Published: May 2022

The coda draws together the multiple strands discussed within the chapters of the book that overall provide a multi-dimensional view of D. H. Lawrence, illuminating his unseen side as an amateur and then a newly professional author. The coda reflects on how the book has sought to discover a pattern in the strategies the young Lawrence developed for approaching the literary marketplace, and how it provides new insights into Edwardian publishing culture and the opportunities on offer to aspiring authors.
Egypt 1919
Authors: Heshmat Dina
Published: May 2022

The 1919 anti-colonial revolution is a key moment in modern Egyptian history and a historical reference point in Egyptian culture through the century. Dina Heshmat argues that literature and film have played a central role in the making of its memory. She highlights the processes of remembering and forgetting that have contributed to shaping a dominant imaginary about 1919 in Egypt, coined by successive political and cultural elites. As she seeks to understand how and why so many voices have been relegated to the margins, she reinserts elements of the different representations into the dominant narrative. This opens up a new perspective on the legacy of 1919 in Egypt, inviting readers to meet the marginalised voices of the revolution and to reconnect with its layered emotional fabric.
Rewriting History in the Wake of 2011
Authors: Heshmat Dina
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on a novel by Ahmad Mourad, 1919 (2014) and Hawa al-Hurriyya (Whims of Freedom, 2014), a play by Laila Soliman. While Mourad’s text focuses on the events of 1919 through a large range of both historical and fictional characters, Sulayman’s play goes back and forth between documents and voices from the past and painful moments from the present. The chapter shows that both authors contest dominant narratives about 1919, shaped in part by their predecessors, and attempt to ‘rewrite history’ in a context of socio-political turmoil, albeit in very different ways. Murad’s text mainly rehabilitates the memory of middle class activists from the underground ‘Black Hand’ organisation, including women. Sulayman’s narrative focuses on processes of remembering and forgetting, seeking to highlight resemblances between 1919 and 2011.
Colonial Legacies
Authors: Kehoe S. Karly , Vance Michael E.
Published: May 2022

Using the removal of the statue of Edward Cornwallis by the Halifax Regional Municipality in 2018 as its starting point, this chapter highlights the long shadow of British colonization in Atlantic Canada. The statue was removed in response to calls from the indigenous Mi’kmaw community in the context of the publication of Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) Final Report on the impact of residential schools on indigenous communities. The chapter highlights the need for a reappraisal of British colonization in the region in response to the calls to action in the TRC Final Report and recent developments in the broader study of settler colonialism.
British Colonisation in an Atlantic Canadian Context
Authors: Reid John G.
Published: May 2022

By taking the long view of the history of colonization in indigenous Mi’kmaw territory along with the neighbouring homelands of the Wolastoqiyik and Beothuk/Innu peoples, this chapter places the British colonization of Atlantic Canada in context. The British, the last in a series of European colonizers, were anticipated by both the Basque and the French, but the intensity of colonization and the occupation of indigenous land accelerated with the British presence. Each of the essays in this volume are placed within this broader framework and the chapter concludes that collectively the chapters contribute to the historiography of the Atlantic and British Worlds as well as the historiography of settler colonialism.
Leaving Nova Scotia: Sierra Leone and the Free Black People, 1792–1800
Authors: Chopra Ruma
Published: May 2022

By examining the successive migrations from Nova Scotia to Sierra Leone, this chapter contributes to the understanding the nature of movement of African descended peoples in the Atlantic World within the wider context of enslavement. Focusing on the migration of free Black Loyalists (1792) and exiled Jamaican Maroons (1800), the chapter argues that sponsors of the migrations from Nova Scotia viewed the Black Loyalists as potential “civilizers” in colonial West Africa and the Maroons, because of prevailing climatic theory, as unsuited to Nova Scotia and ideally suited to Sierra Leone – a view the Maroons themselves encouraged. Overall, the chapter highlights the delicate balance between forced migration and agency in the Free Black Atlantic world.
Catholic Highland Scots and the Colonisation of Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton Island, 1772–1830
Authors: Kehoe S. Karly
Published: May 2022

The major socio-economic changes that swept through the Highlands and Islands over the course of the eighteenth century resulted in the transatlantic migration of thousands of people to the region that would become the Canadian Maritime Provinces between 1772 and the 1850s. Since there was no one dominant established church, the Catholic migrants among them were determined to imbed Catholicism as a central pillar of their new communities. This chapter considers Highland migration to Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton Island and how settlement patterns were linked with the growth of a distinctively Scottish form of Catholicism. The focus on Catholicism throws into sharp relief how Scottish Highland Catholics participated in the extension of Britain’s imperial authority.
Cosmopolitan Engagements: Class, Place and Diplomacy in the Gulf of St Lawrence Fisheries, 1815–1854
Authors: Korneski Kurt
Published: May 2022

Focusing on the vessels exploiting the fisheries of the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the first half of the nineteenth century, this chapter argues that while these waters were nominally under the control of the British Empire substantial concessions to the French and competition from American interests resulted in a much greater mobility of labour than is remembered. While colonial, imperial, and international interests worked to resolve disputes at the diplomatic level, working people used competing interests to create more favourable conditions for themselves. The chapter argues that this labouring agency helped to mark out the Gulf as an indeterminant space despite British imperial claims.
Introduction: War, Violence, Sexuality
Authors: Mühlhäuser Regina
Published: May 2022

This chapter sets out the parameters of the book. It begins with the introduction of the perpetrators. Who were these men and how can we understand their actions? To grasp what they did to whom, the chapter argues for examining not only sexual violence in the narrow sense, but more generally sexual perceptions, sensations, and desires in times of extreme violence. In order to cover the whole spectrum of sexual contacts between two or more persons, the term "sexual encounters" is introduced, which covers the different moments of encounter - between men and women, between power and powerlessness, between different cultures and positions. The chapter introduces recent research on gender, sexuality, violence and harm in contemporary conflicts and argues that the historical sources must be re-read and re-evaluated in light of this new knowledge.
New Danish Screen and the Sketch: The Role of Imposed and Self-Imposed Constraints in Talent Development
Authors: Hjort Mette
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the institutional context surrounding talent development in the Danish filmmaking milieu, particularly focusing on the role of constraints in nurturing talent by focusing on the Sketch, a talent development initiative of limited scope and duration that nonetheless has had a lasting impact on the Danish film landscape. Launched in 2017, the Sketch was an initiative of the Danish Film Institute’s talent development development programme, New Danish Screen. Offering analysis of interviews with key practitioners involved in New Danish Screen, the chapter argues that the ingenuity of the Sketch lies in the use of constraints to create a robust basis for trust, trust being essential to the process of developing a film of genuine value as well as the talent of the filmmaker.
Slow Narrative and the Perception of Material Forms
Authors: Caracciolo Marco
Published: May 2022

This chapter combines post-anthropocentric theory with narratology to show how literature represents the more-than-human background for human action. It examines how certain modes of representation unveil and release the agency of material and nonhuman backgrounds in the literary work of Georges Perec. Fusing the narratological concept of ‘description’ with Timothy Morton’s post-anthropocentric concepts of ‘ecomimesis’ and ‘ambient poetics’, the chapter proposes a new kind of material reading where the bodily aspect of reading, the setting, punctuation and the physical space of the book are taken into account. It addresses the underdeveloped field of literary analysis within the material turn by employing a narratological ‘toolkit’ and examines how literature represents the more-than-human background for human action both formally and thematically.
‘We have nothing to be arrogant about’–Hans Christian Andersen and Anti-Anthropocentrism
Authors: Thomsen Torsten Bøgh
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents the argument that the Danish 19th century writer of fairy tales Hans Christian Andersen wrote with an artistic sensitivity toward the material world that put forth discussions about agency, autonomy, conditionality, mastery and instrumentalism in a poetological setting. This is particularly evident in his so-called “fairy tales of things”. The chapter presents readings of selected examples from this subgenre in Andersen’s oeuvre in relation to new materialist theory in order to develop the argument that this material aesthetic comes about through a deliberate use of some of the more radical elements of Romantic philosophy that challenge the anthropocentric ideals of Universal and National Romanticism in a way that seems congruent with late modern environmental thinking.
Commercial Constructions of Binge-Viewers: A Typology of the New and Improved Couch Potato as Seen on Tv
Authors: Steiner Emil
Published: May 2022

Who are binge-viewers? Research on contemporary television audiences has revealed complex, nuanced, and at times contradictory depictions of these illusive yet ubiquitous consumers of contemporary media. At times gluttons at times epicures, binge-viewers consume more voraciously and specifically than any audience in television history. And yet no research to date has examined how media companies attempted to construct and normalize binge-viewers through their advertised depictions when the new media practice began mainstreaming. This chapter offers a first of its kind typology of binge-viewer tropes as they appeared in the commercial rhetoric of streaming services at that time. The subsequent analysis reveals a mnemonically perverse campaign exploiting 20th century fears of television and hyperbolic depictions of couch potatoes in mock public service announcements to sell an evolutionary narrative of binge-viewers as savvy, agentic, and self-aware.
What Defines a Binge? Elapsed Time versus Episodes
Authors: Pierce-Grove Ri
Published: May 2022

Scholars and journalists have tended to define binge-watching in terms of episodes rather than hours. This chapter finds that users also tend to define it that way, and that episode boundaries are more effective than time elapsed to trigger the end of a binge. An analysis of 150 000 users’ watch histories showed that the more episodes there were in a season, the fewer users completed it, and that this negative correlation was stronger than that with time and season completion. Follow-up data-prompted interviews, in which interviewees looked at their own watch histories and reflected on them, confirmed this. Viewers considered the episode to be the unit of the binge, and found its boundaries a more consistent cue than their subjective sense of duration.
The Bingeable Ms Gilmore: A Comparative Analysis of Narrative Structure in Broadcast TV Show Gilmore Girls and Netflix Original Show Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life
Authors: Can Orcun
Published: May 2022

This chapter aims to analyse the elements of narrative structure in televisual series produced and distributed by subscription video-on-demand services (SVODs) to explore how these elements contribute to the bingeability of content. In order to compare narrative elements between broadcast television and internet television series, Gilmore Girls (The CW, 2000-7), a broadcast TV series that went on for seven seasons; and Gilmore Girls: A Year in the Life (Netflix, 2016), a Netflix Original mini-series consisting of four 90-minutes episodes is analysed. The cases have been chosen because of their paradoxical nature; the series distributed by the SVOD platform consists of a much smaller number of longer episodes that encompass a much longer narrative time. To a certain extent, this works against its ‘bingeability’. Using a visual analytical tool developed for my PhD research, episodes are broken down into their beats and narratives are broken down to characters, settings and plotlines. While there is significant research done on Netflix as a platform, binge-watching as an audience activity and Gilmore Girls (among many other series) as issues of fan engagement, structural analysis of televisual narratives have been neglected. There have been recent studies that focus on narrative aspects of serial narratives on internet TV platforms. Yet, no detailed structural investigation has taken place into issues of ‘bingeability’ and narrative structures as series undergo significant shifts in their televisual afterlives on the internet.
Netflix Feminism: Binge-Watching Rape Culture in Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt and Unbelievable
Authors: Havas Júlia , Horeck Tanya
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores to what extent Netflix’s binge-able programming strategy and its effect on serialised narrative structures open up new avenues for interrogating rape culture in popular storytelling. Taking two Netflix original series – Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt and Unbelievable – as case studies, Havas and Horeck analyse the binge-able serial format’s engagement with rape narratives, and considers how this thematisation is shaped by factors such as the company’s branding logic, critical discourses around the cultural value of binge-watching, and the current political mainstreaming of feminist concerns around women’s bodily autonomy.
Deleuze, A Stoic
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

Deleuze dramatises the story of ancient philosophy as a rivalry of four types of thinkers: the subverting pre-Socratics, the ascending Plato, the interiorising Aristotle and the perverting Stoics. Deleuze assigns the Stoics a privileged place because they introduced a new orientation for thinking and living that turns the whole story of philosophy inside out. This book reveals Deleuze’s provocative reading of ancient Stoicism produced many of his most singular and powerful ideas. For Deleuze, the Stoics were innovators of an entire system of philosophy which they structured like an egg. Johnson structures his book in this way: Part I looks at physics (the yolk), Part II is logic (the shell) and Part III covers ethics (the albumen). Including previously untranslated French Stoic scholarship, Johnson unearths new possibilities for bridging contemporary and ancient philosophy.
The Shell B: Paradoxes
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

We consider the importance of paradoxes in Stoic logic insofar as they pervert good and common sense through forms of absurdity. To proceed, we recall how the Stoics developed a new logic, one most scholars did not consider viable logic until the nineteenth-century: propositional logic. Their propositional logic contrasts with Aristotle’s categorical logic. For Deleuze, the Stoics are most original in their art of paradoxes. Paradoxes are absurd, and there are three dimensions of absurdity, corresponding to the three dimensions of the circle of the proposition: denotated, manifest, and signifying absurdity. Paradoxes are important for materialists because they account for the genesis of language and logic. We then consider four Stoic paradoxes: Heap, Liar, Master, and Nobody. Each expresses ambiguity, a double-sided surface that turns on what Deleuze’s “the aleatory point.” Corresponding to the distinction from “The Yolk B,” between the formal (now propositional) logic of bodies on one side of the incorporeal surface and the transcendental logic of incorporeals on the other side, we close with two forms of inference: ergo, the cognitive deduction in propositional logic facing organized bodies, and igitur, the production of cognition through the Stoic art of paradoxes facing disorganized matter.
The Shell C: Living Logic
Authors: Johnson Ryan J.
Published: May 2022

We then use the results from the previous chapters in order to construct a Handbook of Paradoxes. Logical handbooks have a long tradition in Stoicism, and we consider this history in the “The Shell C” in order to add to that tradition. The goal of these handbooks is not simply to improve skills in formal reasoning but to train students to create cosmological concepts for living. Following this aim of this tradition, this chapter offers a Handbook
of Paradoxes, which consists of instructions for practicing four acts: Infinite Act, Singular Act, Disjunctive Act, and Problematic Act. These four acts correspond to the four paradoxes from the four classes from the Transcendental Logic of Incorporeals from “The Yellow B”: (1) infinite, (2) singular, (3) disjunctive, and (4) problematic. We finish with Deleuze noticing a profound link between Stoic logic and ethics. Constructing our Handbook of Paradoxes expresses this profound link, thus preparing us for Part III.
The Scots Afrikaners
Authors: Müller Retief
Published: May 2022

Drawing primarily on Dutch and Afrikaans archival sources including the Dutch Reformed Church Archive and private collections this book presents a trans-generational narrative of the influence and role played by diasporic Scots and their descendants in the religious and political lives of Dutch/ Afrikaner people in British colonial southern Africa. It demonstrates how this Scottish religious culture helped to develop a complex counter-narrative to what would become the mainstream discourse of Afrikaner Christian nationalism in the early 20th century. The reader can expect new perspectives on the ways in which the historical changeover from British Imperial rule to apartheid South Africa was both contradicted, but also in often paradoxical ways facilitated, by the influence and legacies of Scottish religious emissaries. The book specifically narrates the role of Scots-Presbyterian ministers and their descendants, focusing particularly on the Murray family, within the context of the Dutch Reformed Church and its missionary enterprises in wider Africa, specifically Mashonaland and Nyasaland. The missionary response to discourses of race, separatism, nationalism, and apartheid is an underlying thread to much of the narrative. The book shows how the Scots Afrikaners tended to err on the side of missionary accommodation whenever confronted with the racial prejudice of their principal missionary subjects, who it is argued, were none other than the Boer/Afrikaner people of South Africa. The contradictory consequences of how this identity formation played out over time receive attention throughout the book.
The South African War (1899–1902) and the Scots Afrikaners
Authors: Müller Retief
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the evolving nature of the Scots Afrikaners’ divided loyalties as they increasingly find themselves in sympathy with the Boer republican cause in the prelude and progression of this war. It starts by focusing on a debate raging in the printed press between Andrew Murray jr. and James Stewart of Lovedale who had divergent views regarding the identities of the aggressors and victims in this conflict. This chapter also considers the case of Boer prisoners of war who were evangelized and recruited for missionary service at the conclusion of the war. Much of the evangelization occurred under the auspices of the Christian Endeavor Society, a group in which some of the Scots Afrikaners were leading figures.
The Face of the Crowd: Che
Authors: Saxton Libby
Published: May 2022

Like iconic image studies more widely, scholarship on Che Guevara as icon has assigned a privileged role to photography. This chapter seeks to contribute to the conversation about iconicity, in which Guevara has played a defining role, by exploring his image as a composite of photography and cinema. The newsreel, documentary and essay films from Cuba, Argentina and France through which the chapter tracks Alberto Korda’s and Freddy Alborta’s celebrated stills of the revolutionary (1960 and 1967) and overlapping film footage revitalise the interwar metaphor, I suggest, of the mass face. They also reinforce Christa Blümlinger’s account of the motif of the défilé (procession, march or parade) and Bishnupriya Ghosh’s reconsideration of the icon as a ‘moving technology’. To elucidate the way in which icons mobilise and facialise crowds, the chapter argues, was a unique and vital contribution of cinema in the first era of Guevara’s visual afterlife to our understanding of iconic images.
‘Up to the neck in technical muck’: The Enduring Success of Beckett’s Technological Failures
Authors: Kiryushina Galina , Adar Einat , Nixon Mark
Published: May 2022

This introductory chapter outlines the central role that technology plays in the work of Samuel Beckett. It begins by charting the way technology evolved across Beckett’s lifetime, and how it has been viewed within various cultural and theoretical discourses, before turning to an examination of his own engagement with technological innovations in his work. Drawing on the essays collected in the volume, the chapter discusses Beckett’s work in its relation to historical and contemporary technologies, discourses of technicity and technē, post-humanism, and the digital age. In his own approach to technology Beckett does not subscribe to the optimistic faith in its power to improve human life nor laments its corruption of authentic creativity. Instead, he was more interested in how technical means and their theoretical underpinnings could further his own artistic vision, which has failure and impotence at its core. In short, what emerges from these discussions is the centrality of technology for Beckett’s creative imagination, a factor that is equally enabling as it is limiting.
Monadic Clocks in Samuel Beckett’s Quad : Decomposing the ‘dramatized taboo’
Authors: Mori Naoya
Published: May 2022

Beckett’s television play Quad, ‘a piece for players, light and percussion’, is one of the most mechanical and technical works of all his plays. Yet ‘the essence of technology’, as Heidegger writes, ‘is nothing technological’, since it presupposes metaphysics. While Beckett suggests the centre of the square ‘E’ to be ‘a danger zone’, in the drafts he describes the movement of players as ‘counter-clockwise’ and the centre ‘E’ as a ‘dramatized taboo’. This chapter explores the origins and the importance of this ‘clockwise’ movement as well as the ‘dramatized taboo’, comparing Quad with his early novel Murphy. This reveals Beckett’s preoccupation with ‘the incommensurability of side and diagonal’ as a common ground of both works, which allows for a discussion of Beckett’s obsessions with clocks that represent Dante’s cosmology; Leibniz’s pre-established harmony between windowless monads; and with Geulincx’s occasionalism and his subordination to God, concerning ‘nihil’ (Latin for nothing) and ‘free will under determinism’.
Beckett’s Technography: Traces of Radio in the Later Prose
Authors: Verhulst Pim
Published: May 2022

This chapter traces the impact of the radio medium on Samuel Beckett’s later prose. In addition to introducing broadcast terminology and foregrounding the voice as well as the act of listening more profoundly, these texts also differ from their predecessors in the way that they formally reflect their acoustic nature. Not only are these characteristics indebted to Beckett’s brief period of writing for the radio from 1956 to 1962, they are also shaped by his failed attempts at trying to hear from Paris the BBC broadcasts of his radio plays and prose adaptations, which were often distorted by static interference. This influence of the medium is prominent during the late 1950s and the early 1960s, especially in The Unnamable and How It Is, but even as late as the 1970s. Company, for example, combines Beckett’s conception of radio as a voice emerging from the dark with his descriptions of the wireless device as a provider of companionship. This chapter thus analyzes his work from an intermedial point of view, situating it in the context of larger cultural phenomena such as technography, as a form of writing indebted to and even mediated by audiovisual technologies without being directly conceived for them.
Language and Culture in Russia’s Soft Power Toolbox
Authors: Noack Christian
Published: May 2022

The introduction situates the research of the book’s contributors on language and culture promotion in the recent developments in Russian foreign policy doctrine, the rise of ‘soft power’ discourses in Russia and briefly surveys the state of research at the beginning of the second decade of the 21st century.