bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thirty-Fifth Anniversary of the Optical Affinity Sensor for Glucose
Authors: Schultz Jerome S.
Published: October 2014

Since 1962 when Clark introduced the enzyme electrode, research has been intense for a robust implantable glucose sensor. An alternative “optical affinity sensor” was introduced by Jerome Schultz in 1979. The evolution of this sensor technology into a new methodology is reviewed. The approach integrates a variety of disparate concepts: the selectivity of immunoassays—selectivity for glucose was obtained with concanavalin A, detection sensitivity was obtained with fluorescence (FITC-Dextran), and miniaturization was achieved by the use of an optical fiber readout system. Refinements of Schultz’s optical affinity sensor approach over the past 35 years have led to a number of configurations that show great promise to meet the needs of a successful implantable continuous monitoring device for diabetics, some of which are currently being tested clinically.
Transformational and Transformative Leadership in a Research-Informed Leadership Preparation Program
Authors: Hewitt Kimberly Kappler , Davis Ann W. , Lashley Carl
Published: October 2014

This article describes IMPACT V, a grant-funded preparation partnership among a community of institutions, and then considers whether such a partnership is a viable way to cultivate transformational and transformative sensibilities in building leaders. Methods included content analysis of baseline and summative student artifacts. Findings suggest that the program promoted elements of transformational leadership, as well as transformative leadership focused on liberation, democracy, equity, and justice. The program promoted school change and cultivated leadership and personal growth but suffered from unevenness in the program partnerships. Implications for leadership preparation are considered.
Investigation on mechanical properties of cold sprayed Ni–Ni3Al composites
Authors: Azarmi F. , Tangpong X. W. , Chandanayaka T.
Published: October 2014

This study investigates the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of the Ni–Ni3Al composites fabricated by cold spraying. Investigations were conducted on pure Ni samples as well as composites consisting of 80 vol.-%Ni and 20 vol.-%Ni3Al. The results of a variety of hardness tests such as Vickers, Knoop, and nano-indentation are reported in this study. Furthermore, this study examines the application of analytical models to calculate the elastic modulus of coating materials from hardness test results. The validity of the obtained results was examined by performing impulse excitation (resonant frequency) test on all samples. A similar study was also performed on the same materials produced by the powder metallurgy (P/M) technique for the purpose of comparison. The reinforced samples exhibited better mechanical properties compared to the unreinforced ones regardless of the fabrication technique. The cold sprayed sample exhibited higher strength and density compared to the P/M processed ones.
TNF-mediated inflammation represses GATA1 and activates p38 MAP kinase in RPS19-deficient hematopoietic progenitors
Authors: Bibikova Elena , Youn Min-Young , Danilova Nadia , Ono-Uruga Yukako , Konto-Ghiorghi Yoan , Ochoa Rachel , Narla Anupama , Glader Bertil , Lin Shuo , Sakamoto Kathleen M.
Published: October 2014

Key Points

GATA1 is downregulated in RPS19-deficient cells and zebrafish through upregulation of p53, TNF-α, and p38 MAPK. Treatment of rps19-deficient zebrafish with the TNF-α inhibitor etanercept rescues their erythroid and developmental defects.
Whole genome association study identifies regions of the bovine genome and biological pathways involved in carcass trait performance in Holstein-Friesian cattle
Authors: Doran Anthony G , Berry Donagh P , Creevey Christopher J
Published: October 2014

Background

Four traits related to carcass performance have been identified as economically important in beef production: carcass weight, carcass fat, carcass conformation of progeny and cull cow carcass weight. Although Holstein-Friesian cattle are primarily utilized for milk production, they are also an important source of meat for beef production and export. Because of this, there is great interest in understanding the underlying genomic structure influencing these traits. Several genome-wide association studies have identified regions of the bovine genome associated with growth or carcass traits, however, little is known about the mechanisms or underlying biological pathways involved. This study aims to detect regions of the bovine genome associated with carcass performance traits (employing a panel of 54,001 SNPs) using measures of genetic merit (as predicted transmitting abilities) for 5,705 Irish Holstein-Friesian animals. Candidate genes and biological pathways were then identified for each trait under investigation.

Results

Following adjustment for false discovery (q-value < 0.05), 479 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with at least one of the four carcass traits using a single SNP regression approach. Using a Bayesian approach, 46 QTL were associated (posterior probability > 0.5) with at least one of the four traits. In total, 557 unique bovine genes, which mapped to 426 human orthologs, were within 500kbs of QTL found associated with a trait using the Bayesian approach. Using this information, 24 significantly over-represented pathways were identified across all traits. The most significantly over-represented biological pathway was the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway.

Conclusions

A large number of genomic regions putatively associated with bovine carcass traits were detected using two different statistical approaches. Notably, several significant associations were detected in close proximity to genes with a known role in animal growth such as glucagon and leptin. Several biological pathways, including PPAR signaling, were shown to be involved in various aspects of bovine carcass performance. These core genes and biological processes may form the foundation for further investigation to identify causative mutations involved in each trait. Results reported here support previous findings suggesting conservation of key biological processes involved in growth and metabolism.
Current ventilation practice during general anaesthesia: a retrospective audit in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Karalapillai Dharshi , Weinberg Laurence , Galtieri Jonathan , Glassford Neil , Eastwood Glenn , Darvall Jai , Geertsema Jake , Bangia Ravi , Fitzgerald Jane , Phan Tuong , OHallaran Luke , Cocciante Adriano , Watson Stuart , Story David , Bellomo Rinaldo
Published: October 2014

Background

Recent evidence suggests that the use of low tidal volume ventilation with the application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may benefit patients at risk of respiratory complications during general anaesthesia. However current Australian practice in this area is unknown.

Methods

To describe current practice of intraoperative ventilation with regard to tidal volume and application of PEEP, we performed a multicentre audit in patients undergoing general anaesthesia across eight teaching hospitals in Melbourne, Australia.

Results

We obtained information including demographic characteristics, type of surgery, tidal volume and the use of PEEP in a consecutive cohort of 272 patients. The median age was 56 (IQR 42–69) years; 150 (55%) were male. Most common diagnostic groups were general surgery (31%), orthopaedic surgery (20%) and neurosurgery (9.6%). Mean FiO2 was 0.6 (IQR 0.5-0.7). Median tidal volume was 500 ml (IQR 450-550). PEEP was used in 54% of patients with a median value of 5.0 cmH2O (IQR 4.0-5.0) and median tidal volume corrected for predicted body weight was 9.5 ml/kg (IQR 8.5-10.4). Median peak inspiratory pressure was 18 cmH2O (IQR 15–22). In a cohort of patients considered at risk for respiratory complications, the median tidal volume was still 9.8 ml/kg (IQR 8.6-10.7) and PEEP was applied in 66% of patients with a median value of 5 cmH20 (IQR 4–5). On multivariate analyses positive predictors of tidal volume size included male sex (p < 0.01), height (p = 0.04) and weight (p < 0.001). Positive predictors of the use of PEEP included surgery in a tertiary hospital (OR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.05 to 9.23) and expected prolonged duration of surgery (OR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.04 to 5.84).

Conclusion

In mechanically ventilated patients under general anaesthesia, tidal volume was high and PEEP was applied to the majority of patients, but at modest levels. The findings of our study suggest that the control groups of previous randomized controlled trials do not closely reflect the practice of mechanical ventilation in Australia.
Lithium ion conductive behavior of TiO2 nanotube/ionic liquid matrices
Authors: Vedarajan Raman , Ogawa Makoto , Matsumi Noriyoshi
Published: October 2014

A series of TiO2 nanotube (TNT)/ionic liquid matrices were prepared, and their lithium ion conductive properties were studied. SEM images implied that ionic liquid was dispersed on the whole surface of TNT. Addition of TNT to ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (BMImTFSA)) resulted in significant increase of ionic conductivity. Furthermore, lithium transference number was also largely enhanced due to the interaction of anion with TNT. Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann parameter showed higher carrier ion number for TNT/BMImTFSA in comparison with BMImTFSA.
Quartz resonator assembling with TSV interposer using polymer sealing or metal bonding
Authors: Shih Jian-Yu , Chen Yen-Chi , Chiu Chih-Hung , Lo Chung-Lun , Chang Chi-Chung , Chen Kuan-Neng
Published: October 2014

This paper presents one wafer level packaging approach of quartz resonator based on through-silicon via (TSV) interposer with metal or polymer bonding sealing of frequency components. The proposed silicon-based package of quartz resonator adopts several three-dimensional (3D) core technologies, such as Cu TSVs, sealing bonding, and wafer thinning. It is different from conventional quartz resonator using ceramic-based package. With evaluation of mechanical structure design and package performances, this quartz resonator with advanced silicon-based package shows great manufacturability and excellent performance to replace traditional metal lid with ceramic-based interposer fabrication approach.
Rice and cold stress: methods for its evaluation and summary of cold tolerance-related quantitative trait loci
Authors: Zhang Qi , Chen Qiuhong , Wang Shaoling , Hong Yahui , Wang Zhilong
Published: October 2014

Cold stress adversely affects rice (Oryza sativaL.) growth and productivity, and has so far determined its geographical distribution. Dissecting cold stress-mediated physiological changes and understanding their genetic causes will facilitate the breeding of rice for cold tolerance. Here, we review recent progress in research on cold stress-mediated physiological traits and metabolites, and indicate their roles in the cold-response network and cold-tolerance evaluation. We also discuss criteria for evaluating cold tolerance and evaluate the scope and shortcomings of each application. Moreover, we summarize research on quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to cold stress at the germination, seedling, and reproductive stages that should provide useful information to accelerate progress in breeding cold-tolerant rice.
Science is innate!
Authors: Gilbert Jack A
Published: October 2014

No abstract.
A systematic genetic screen identifies new factors influencing centromeric heterochromatin integrity in fission yeast
Authors: Bayne Elizabeth H , Bijos Dominika A , White Sharon A , Alves Flavia de Lima , Rappsilber Juri , Allshire Robin C
Published: October 2014

Background

Heterochromatin plays important roles in the regulation and stability of eukaryotic genomes. Both heterochromatin components and pathways that promote heterochromatin assembly, including RNA interference, RNAi, are broadly conserved between the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and humans. As a result, fission yeast has emerged as an important model system for dissecting mechanisms governing heterochromatin integrity. Thus far, over 50 proteins have been found to contribute to heterochromatin assembly at fission yeast centromeres. However, previous studies have not been exhaustive, and it is therefore likely that further factors remain to be identified.

Results

To gain a more complete understanding of heterochromatin assembly pathways, we have performed a systematic genetic screen for factors required for centromeric heterochromatin integrity. In addition to known RNAi and chromatin modification components, we identified several proteins with previously undescribed roles in heterochromatin regulation. These included both known and newly characterised splicing-associated proteins, which are required for proper processing of centromeric transcripts by the RNAi pathway, and COP9 signalosome components Csn1 and Csn2, whose role in heterochromatin assembly can be explained at least in part by a role in the Ddb1-dependent degradation of the heterochromatin regulator Epe1.

Conclusions

This work has revealed new factors involved in RNAi-directed heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast. Our findings support and extend previous observations that implicate components of the splicing machinery as a platform for RNAi, and demonstrate a novel role for the COP9 signalosome in heterochromatin regulation.
Association of cerebrospinal fluid anti-Sm antibodies with acute confusional state in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hirohata Shunsei , Sakuma Yuko , Yanagida Tamiko , Yoshio Taku
Published: October 2014

Introduction

Neuropsychiatric manifestation in systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is one of the most serious complications of the disease. Previous studies revealed the strong association between serum anti-Sm and organic brain syndrome, consisting mainly of acute confusional state (ACS) of diffuse psychiatric/neuropsychological syndromes (diffuse NPSLE). However, the precise mechanism by which anti-Sm causes diffuse NPSLE remains unclear. Of note, recent studies demonstrated that anti-U1 RNP antibodies (anti-RNP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are associated with NPSLE. The present study was designed to explore the association of anti-Sm antibodies in CSF with NPSLE.

Methods

Paired serum and CSF specimens were obtained from 72 patients with NPSLE (49 with diffuse NPSLE, 23 with neurological syndromes or peripheral neuropathy (focal NPSLE) and from 22 control patients with non-SLE neurological diseases. Sera were also obtained from 41 patients with active SLE without neuropsychiatric manifestations (non-NPSLE). Anti-Sm and anti-RNP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and intrathecal anti-Sm production were evaluated by Q albumin and CSF anti-Sm index, respectively. Binding of anti-Sm to neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-MC and Neuro2a was examined by flow cytometry and by cell ELISA.

Results

Anti-Sm and anti-RNP in CSF and sera were elevated in NPSLE compared with non-SLE control. CSF anti-Sm, but not CSF anti-RNP, was significantly elevated in ACS compared with non-ACS diffuse NPSLE or with focal NPSLE. By contrast, there were no significant differences in serum anti-Sm or anti-RNP among subsets of NPSLE and non-NPSLE. Whereas there were no significant differences in CSF anti-Sm index, Q albumin was elevated in ACS compared with non-ACS or with focal NPSLE. Notably, CSF anti-Sm was correlated with Q albumin (r = 0.2373, P = 0.0447) or with serum anti-Sm (r = 0.7185, P <0.0001) in 72 patients with NPSLE. Finally, monoclonal anti-Sm and purified human anti-Sm bound to the surface of SK-N-MC and Neuro2a.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that the elevation of CSF anti-Sm through transudation from systemic circulation due to damaged BBB plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ACS. More importantly, the data indicate that anti-Sm is yet another autoantibody with presumed neural toxicity, but might not be the last.
Systematic simulation of multicomponent receiver coupling to the seafloor using rheological models
Authors: Landschulze Marcus , Mjelde Rolf , Landschulze Karin
Published: October 2014

This paper reports a comparison of three different rheological models used to characterize receiver coupling to the seafloor. We used a finite-element simulation tool to simulate the mechanical receiver coupling to the seafloor as a viscoelastic system with a combination of linear elastic springs and linear viscous dashpots, known as rheological models. Three models cover most of all mechanic coupling systems, the most commonly applied Kelvin-Voigt model (KVM), the Maxwell model (MM), and the standard linear solid (SLS) model. The models differ in behavior for different coupling aspects such as oscillation, creeping, stress relaxation, and their combinations. We tested these models’ ability and relevance for use in modeling seismic receiver coupling to the seafloor. For that purpose, we used an optimized mathematical approach to simulate coupling behavior under various coupling conditions. We found how receiver coupling will affect P- and S-waves for all three models and provided some insight into which model is most suitable to describe coupling under different circumstances. We found that the SLS model represents a general description of most of the coupling effects to the seafloor and should be used when the coupling acts as a viscoelastic system. The KVM and MM are applicable in extreme cases, such as for elastic waves in consolidated sediments (KVM) and dominant creeping effects, as in very soft biosediment (MM).
Invited commentary on … Psychiatric resilience: longitudinal twin study
Authors: Wertz Jasmin , Pariante Carmine M.
Published: October 2014

The study of resilience may lead to the identification of new targets for prevention and intervention, yet there has been little research on why some people, but not others, show resilience after facing stressful life events. New research in this issue shows that resilience is equally explained by genetic and environmental influences, and that individual experiences and situational factors are both important in shaping resilient responses to stress. These findings could inform the development of interventions that enhance psychiatric resilience after exposure to adversity.
Teaching and learning the mental state exam in an integrated medical school. Part I: Student perceptions
Authors: Huline-Dickens Sarah , Heffernan Eithne , Bradley Paul , Coombes Lee
Published: October 2014

Aims and method

To investigate medical students' performance at and perceptions of the mental state examination (MSE) at a medical school with a modern integrated curriculum. We undertook an evaluative case study comprising a survey and analysis of performance data. The study is presented in two parts: part 1 discusses the students' perceptions of the MSE and the teaching, learning and practising of it.

Results

Most students in the study group considered the MSE an important examination in medicine. Other perceptions grouped in themes are presented. Unsurprisingly, most students found psychiatric attachments the most useful part of the course for learning about the MSE. About a half of students had witnessed an MSE being undertaken in clinical practice.

Clinical implications

Although students appear to recognise the importance of this examination in medicine, the teaching and learning of it possibly needs greater emphasis in the undergraduate curriculum, and teaching and learning opportunities improved throughout the course.
Delayed discharge from intellectual disability in-patient units
Authors: Devapriam John , Gangadharan Satheesh , Pither Judith , Critchfield Matthew
Published: October 2014

Aims and method

We undertook a cross-sectional service evaluation of the reasons and extent of delay in the discharge process in an intellectual disability hospital over a 12-month period. Delays at each stage of the discharge process are also quantified in this study.

Results

We found that discharge was delayed for 29% of patients during the study period. The majority (78.5%) was due to awaiting completion of assessment of future care needs and waiting for public funding.

Clinical implications

Commissioners (health and social), provider trusts, regulators and community providers should consider the reasons for delay in the discharge process and adopt a whole systems approach to discharge planning. This is highly relevant in light of recommendations by the Department of Health following the Winterbourne View scandal, which has raised concern about patients staying in intellectual disability in-patient units too long and for the wrong reasons.
Ghrelin Receptor (GHS-R1a) and Its Constitutive Activity in Somatotroph Adenomas: A New Co-targeting Therapy Using GHS-R1a Inverse Agonists and Somatostatin Analogs
Authors: Mear Yves , Blanchard Marie-Pierre , Defilles Céline , Brue Thierry , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Graillon Thomas , Manavela Marcos , Barlier Anne , Enjalbert Alain , Thirion Sylvie
Published: October 2014

Context:

The ghrelin receptor GHS-R1a is highly expressed in human somatotroph adenomas and exhibits unusually high basal signaling activity. In humans, the suppression of this constitutive activity by mutation induces a short stature.

Objective:

Using a GHS-R1a inverse agonist, modified substance P (MSP), we explored the role of GHS-R1a constitutive activity in GH hypersecretion from somatotroph adenomas and as a putative therapeutic target.

Design:

The effects of MSP were assessed on GH secretion from 19 human somatotroph tumors in vitro. Moreover, these effects were compared with those of octreotide (somatostatin receptor subtype 2 [sst2] agonist) and with the combination of both drugs. Expression and localization of GHS-R1a and sst2 were studied.

Results:

For all tumors, MSP inhibited GH secretion in a dose-dependent manner from 13 to 64%. Moreover, MSP enhanced octreotide-induced GH inhibition. For five tumors, the effects of combined MSP plus octreotide treatment were significantly higher than the sum of effects of each drug alone. MSP increased the membrane localization of GHS-R1a and of microdomains colocalizing sst2-GHS-R1a, highlighting the cooperation between the two drugs.

Conclusions:

The GHS-R1a inverse agonist could open new therapeutic options for acromegalic patients, particularly patients partially sensitive to octreotide whose GH secretion is not completely controlled by the sst2 agonist.
Taking the Text on a Road Trip
Authors: Reich Paul D. , Russell Emily
Published: October 2014

This article makes a case for the value of literary field studies as a way both to reframe familiar narratives about texts and to open up regions and sites to the analytic mode of close reading. The authors describe their experiences teaching a seminar and week-long field study exploring the literature and culture of the American South.
Innovative Frameworks and Tested Lore for Teaching Creative Writing to Undergraduates in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Kostelnik Kate
Published: October 2014

Creative writing is divided between instructors upholding New Critical emphasis on texts and those challenging the goals of the discipline. While innovators propose reform, reconceptions put instructors at odds with one another and with students. In compromise, I propose praxes that incorporate lore-based methodology with innovations from critical and rhetorical theory.
The ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10 decorates autophagy targeted Salmonella and contributes to resistance of mice
Authors: Spinnenhirn Valentina , Farhan Hesso , Basler Michael , Aichem Annette , Canaan Allon , Groettrup Marcus
Published: October 2014

Bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells is counteracted by cell-autonomous innate immune mechanisms including xenophagy. The identification of cytosolic bacteria by ubiquitylation and Galectin-8 leads to recruitment of autophagy adaptors like p62, NDP52, and optineurin which initiate the destruction of bacteria by xenophagy. Here we show that the functionally barely characterized IFNγ- and TNFα-inducible ubiquitin-like modifier FAT10, which binds to the autophagy adaptor p62 but has not been shown to associate with pathogens before, is recruited to cytosolic Salmonella Typhimurium in human cells. FAT10 decorated S. Typhimurium were simultaneously decorated with ubiquitin, p62, NDP52, and the autophagy marker LC3. FAT10 co-localized with p62 positive microdomains on S. Typhimurium whereas co-localization with NDP52 was only partial. A kinetic analysis revealed an early but only transient decoration of bacteria by FAT10 which resembled that of p62. While bacterial replication was not detectably altered in FAT10-depleted or overexpressing cells in vitro, survival experiments revealed a higher susceptibility of FAT10-deficient than wild type NRAMP1-transgenic mice to orally inoculated S. Typhimurium. Taken together, our data suggest a role for FAT10 in the intracellular defense against bacteria.
P2Y6 receptor inhibition perturbs CCL2-evoked signalling in human monocytic and peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Campwala Hinnah , Sexton Darren W. , Crossman David C. , Fountain Samuel J.
Published: October 2014

The chemokine CCL2 serves to target circulating monocytes and other leukocytes to tissue during innate immune responses and the progression of chronic inflammatory disease via activation of CCR2 receptor. Here we show that co-activation of the P2Y6 purinergic receptor occurs when THP-1 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells sense CCL2 through CCR2. Furthermore, P2Y6 receptor activation accounts for approximately 80% of the intracellular calcium signal evoked by CCL2. Scavenging extracellular nucleotides with apyrase caused a 4-fold reduction in THP-1 sensitivity to CCL2 whereas inhibition of CD39-like ectonucleotidases potentiated CCL2-evoked calcium responses. Pharmacological inhibition of P2Y6 impairs CCL2-evoked calcium signalling and chemotaxis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and THP-1 cells. Furthermore, stable P2Y6 knockdown (2-fold) in THP-1 cells impairs CCL2-evoked calcium signalling, chemotaxis and adhesion to TNFα-treated HUVECs. We demonstrate that THP-1 cells rapidly secrete ATP during signalling on the CCL2-CCR2 axis and suggest this may act as a mechanism for P2Y6 co-activation following CCL2 activation of the CCR2 receptor. The discovery that P2Y6 mediates leukocyte responsiveness to CCL2 represents a novel mechanism with which to modulate CCL2 signals.
Food searching behaviour of a Lepidoptera pest species is modulated by the foraging gene polymorphism
Authors: Chardonnet Floriane , Capdevielle-Dulac Claire , Chouquet Bastien , Joly Nicolas , Harry Myriam , Le Ru Bruno , Silvain Jean-François , Kaiser Laure
Published: October 2014

The extent of damage to crop plants from pest insects depends on the foraging behaviour of the insect's feeding stage. Little is known, however, about the genetic and molecular bases of foraging behaviour in phytophagous pest insects. The foraging gene (for), a candidate gene encoding a PKG-I, has an evolutionarily conserved function in feeding strategies. Until now, for had never been studied in Lepidoptera, which includes major pest species. The cereal stem borer Sesamia nonagrioides is therefore a relevant species within this order with which to study conservation of and polymorphism in the for gene, and its role in foraging – a behavioural trait that is directly associated with plant injuries. Full sequencing of for cDNA in S. nonagrioides revealed a high degree of conservation with other insect taxa. Activation of PKG by a cGMP analogue increased larval foraging activity, measured by how frequently larvae moved between food patches in an actimeter. We found one non-synonymous allelic variation in a natural population that defined two allelic variants. These variants presented significantly different levels of foraging activity, and the behaviour was positively correlated to gene expression levels. Our results show that for gene function is conserved in this species of Lepidoptera, and describe an original case of a single nucleotide polymorphism associated with foraging behaviour variation in a pest insect. By illustrating how variation in this single gene can predict phenotype, this work opens new perspectives into the evolutionary context of insect adaptation to plants, as well as pest management.
Preparation and Properties of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Their Use as Adsorbents for Selective Adsorption of Indole
Authors: Niu Dandan , Zhou Zhiping , Wu Chen , Xu Wanzhen
Published: October 2014

A novel method for selective adsorption of indole using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) as the adsorbent is proposed in this work. The MMIPs were synthesized by microemulsion polymerization, using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the magnetically susceptible component, acrylamide as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker and indole as template molecule. The products obtained were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption performances of MMIPs were investigated by batch adsorption experiments in terms of selective recognition, adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms, respectively. The maximum amount of adsorption on MMIPs occurs at approximately 120 minutes. The results indicate that MMIPs possess high adsorption capacity for indole. The adsorption fits with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model.
Methane Adsorption on Shale: Insights from Experiments and a Simplified Local Density Model
Authors: Zuo Luo , Wang Yupu , Guo Wei , Xiong Wei , Gao Shusheng , Hu Zhiming , Rui Shen
Published: October 2014

We herein present a method for predicting adsorption isotherms of methane on shale using the simplified local density (SLD) theory: First, the adsorption isotherms of methane on shale samples were measured and then its adsorption on illite, illite/smectite mixed layer, chlorite, type I, type II and type III kerogen was described with the SLD theory. Second, based on the SLD parameters obtained from adsorption data on kerogen, clay minerals and the composition of the studied shale, we predicted adsorption capacity of the shale using a linear combination of the adsorption capacities of the pure substances weighted by their relative abundance.
Phosphate Adsorption onto Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Microspheres
Authors: Leduc Jean-Francois , Leduc Roland , Cabana Hubert
Published: October 2014

Phosphate discharges are closely linked to eutrophication, algal and cyanobacterial blooms in natural water bodies. Chitosan hydrogel microspheres (CHMs) were used as an adsorbent to remove phosphate (PO43–) from aqueous solution. The CHMs were prepared by a sequential methodology consisting of spraying and gelation processes. The physicochemical properties of the hydrogel microspheres were determined by size and zeta-potential analysis. Batch experiments, to investigate the kinetics of phosphate adsorption onto CHMs, show that equilibrum was reached within 30 minutes. The kinetic model was pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.999). The effect of varying operating conditions (initial anions concentration, adsorbent loading, pH and temperature) on the experiments were also studied. According to the Boyd model, the rate of adsorption is controlled by the diffusion in the boundary layer. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkhevic (D–R) adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms, and the data correlated better with the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.975). The mean free-energy values (obtained from the D–R model) indicate that the adsorption was physical in nature. The values of ΔG and ΔH demonstrated the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the reaction and the negative value of ΔS indicates a decrease in entropy.
Adsorption Energy and Pore-Size Distributions of Activated Carbons Calculated Using Hill's Model
Authors: Torkia Yosra Ben , Bouaziz Nadia , Al-Muhtaseb Shaheen A. , Lamine Abdelmottaleb Ben
Published: October 2014

An integral equation derived using a statistical physics treatment by considering the adsorption energy distribution (AED) was used to model the adsorption of ethylene and ethane on resorcinol–formaldehyde-based activated carbon xerogels. Hill's model was taken as a local adsorption isotherm. This model was based on a grand canonical ensemble. Then a relationship between the energetic and the structural heterogeneities is used to determine the pore-size distribution (PSD) function. The AED and PSD obtained illustrate the greater affinity of activated carbon for adsorption of ethylene compared to ethane. In addition, this method was applied to determine the PSD of the British Drug House (BDH) activated carbon. The behaviour of the obtained PSDs at different temperatures was examined and related to the adsorption capacity of BDH activated carbon towards ethane, methane and nitrogen.
Determination of Aminothiol Adsorption Properties of Titanium(IV) Oxide Nanoparticles Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Stella Aaron , Hsieh ShuFeng , Garelnabi Mahdi , Horta Javier , Rogers Eugene
Published: October 2014

The adsorptive properties of eight forms of nano-TiO2 were evaluated when they were exposed to the toxic thiol-containing amino acid homocysteine. Homocysteine is an amino acid known to cause cardiovascular toxicity and neurodegenerative disorders. A homocysteine standard solution was combined with dispersions of each TiO2 nanoparticle under physiological conditions, and then a high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection method optimized for quantification of total, unbound homocysteine was utilized. The nano-sized anatase nanoparticle removed 2.92 µg of homocysteine per microgram of nanoparticle, whereas amorphous TiO2 only removed 3.65 ∞ 10−3 µg of homocysteine per microgram of nanoparticle. Other nanoparticles produced values between the anatase and amorphous forms. Surface chemistries are distinguishing characteristics of these nanoparticles and are responsible for their individual physicochemical properties. Variations in results were associated with the unique combinations of size and surface area of each nanoparticle. The aminothiol adsorptive property of TiO2 nanoparticles has potential applications in nanomedicine, biosensing, diagnostics and amino acid tagging.
Using Akaike Information Criterion to Select the Optimal Isotherm Equation for Adsorption from Solution
Authors: Dávila-Jiménez Martín M. , Elizalde-González María P. , García-Díaz Esmeralda , González-Perea Mario , Guevara-Villa María R.G.
Published: October 2014

In this study, we measured the adsorption of Basic Blue 41 (BB41) dye on a maize cob adsorbent and on two model adsorbents (cellulose triacetate and cellulose acetate propionate). The experimental adsorption data were evaluated with the isotherm equations of Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir–Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich, and constants were obtained exclusively by non-linear regression. In order to select the optimal isotherm equation, Akaike information criterion was used. The celluloses obeyed the Langmuir isotherm in the temperature range tested, whereas the corncob followed the Freundlich equation. This comparative study shows that limited amounts of the cationic dye were adsorbed on the model celluloses than on the cob. BB41 was neither adsorbed horizontally nor vertically onto the cob, whereas it competed with water molecules and despite saturation, did not exhaustively occupy the surface of the celluloses. The Gibbs free energy of adsorption was evaluated using the equilibrium constants obtained by several procedures and the results were found to be inconsistent.
«Ερμής ο Λόγιος. Περίοδος νέα. Εν Αιγίνη, 1 Ιανουαρίου 1829»
Authors: Πολέμη Πόπη
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Μία πατριαρχική καταδίκη του τυπογραφείου του Δημητρίου Θεοδοσίου (1761)
Authors: Αγγελομάτη–Τσουγκαράκη Ελένη
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ο Σταμάτης Πέτρου και οι απόγονοί του στην Πάτμο
Authors: Φλωρεντής Χρυσόστομος
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Το υπόμνημα του Γεράσιμου Βλάχου στα «Φυσικά» του Αριστοτέλη και ο Αλέξανδρος Μαυροκορδάτος ο εξ απορρήτων
Authors: Αποστολόπουλος Δημήτρης Γ.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ν. Σ. Πίκκολος και Φοριέλ – και ένα αυτόγραφο του Στέφανου Κανέλου
Authors: Πολίτης Αλέξης
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Το ελληνικό θέατρο στην Οδησσό (1814-1818). Αθησαύριστα στοιχεία
Authors: Ταμπάκη Άννα
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Οκτωήχια και μέτρηση της βιβλιοπαραγωγής
Authors: Ηλιού Φίλιππος
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Δύο λανθάνοντα «Μηνολόγια» του Γλυκή
Authors: Ηλιού Φίλιππος
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Γκυς - Κεύνος - Κοραής
Authors: Αναστασιάδη Ιφιγένεια
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ο «Φιλοκτήτης» του Σοφοκλή διασκευασμένος από τον Νικόλαο Πίκκολο. Η πρώτη παρουσίαση αρχαίας τραγωδίας στο νεοελληνικό θέατρο
Authors: Σπάθης Δημήτρης
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ευρετήριο-Παροράματα
Authors: Eranistes Eranistes
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Ελληνικά παλαιότυπα στις μονές Προφήτη Ηλία και Πατέρων Ζίτσας (Ιωαννίνων)
Authors: Παπαϊωάννου Απόστολος Γ.
Published: October 2014

no abstract
Οι αδελφοί Λειχούδες στην Πολωνία. Μιά άγνωστη μαρτυρία
Authors: Παπαστράτου Ντόρη
Published: October 2014

no abstract
The Assortment Packing Problem: Multiperiod Assortment Planning for Short-Lived Products
Authors: Caro Felipe , Martínez-de-Albéniz Victor , Rusmevichientong Paat
Published: October 2014

Motivated by retailers' frequent introduction of new items to refresh product lines and maintain their market shares, we present the assortment packing problem in which a firm must decide, in advance, the release date of each product in a given collection over a selling season. Our formulation models the trade-offs among profit margins, preference weights, and limited life cycles. A key aspect of the problem is that each product is short-lived in the sense that, once introduced, its attractiveness lasts only a few periods and vanishes over time. The objective is to determine when to introduce each product to maximize the total profit over the selling season. Even for two periods, the corresponding optimization problem is shown to be NP-complete. As a result, we study a continuous relaxation of the problem that approximates the problem well, when the number of products is large. When margins are identical and product preferences decay exponentially, its solution can be characterized: it is optimal to introduce products with slower decays earlier. The structural properties of the relaxation also help us to develop several heuristics, for which we establish performance guarantees. We test our heuristics with data on sales and release dates of women’s handbags from an accessories retailer. The numerical experiments show that the heuristics perform very well and can yield significant improvements in profitability.

This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Novel approaches to supporting heart failure patients in primary care
Authors: Forsyth Paul , Lowrie Richard
Published: October 2014

Heart failure (HF) is a malignant condition with many presentations. The type of HF directs appropriate therapeutic management. Primary care is increasingly seen as a solution to improving the variation in outcomes seen in national HF audits. This article describes and summarises existing UK primary care HF services and emerging issues of importance, focusing on the identification of suitable patients. The authors suggest approaches to address these issues, and describe why ensuring the accuracy and completeness of disease registers is an essential first step. The authors propose that the systematic review of all HF patients in primary care, augmented with a few simple annual checks, could have a major long-term positive impact on outcomes. As the NHS struggles to cope with the increasing prevalence and burden of HF, the evidence base suggests that nurses and pharmacists may have a key role to play in delivering this process.
A simple screening tool for assessment of nutritional status in cardiac patients
Authors: Neubeck Lis , Lowres Nicole , Jackson Anna , Freedman Ben , Briffa Tom , Bauman Adrian , Redfern Julie
Published: October 2014

Background:

Two-thirds of Australians do not meet nutritional recommendations. Unfortunately, nutritional screening is often overlooked in cardiac assessments, possibly because of competing time demands and perceived complexity of nutritional assessments.

Aims:

To establish the validity of a simple nutritional screening tool.

Method:

A six-item categorical nutritional screening tool was completed by acute coronary syndrome patients following hospital discharge. A multiple-pass diet assessment was subsequently administered by a dietitian blinded to the screening tool results. Dietary assessment results for the screening tool and the multiple-pass method were compared to determine agreement.

Results:

34 participants were recruited (76% male; mean age: 65±11 years). Sensitivity, specificity and Kappa were highest for categorical items (e.g. fruit, 100%, 69% K=0.69); lower for complex items (e.g. monounsaturated fats, 92%, 25% K=0.29); and good for identifying requirement for further dietary intervention (96%, 50%, K=0.54).

Conclusions:

This brief tool shows potential to identify selected nutritional variables and the need for further dietary intervention as part of cardiac patient assessment.
Can cholesterol be defined as just ‘good’ or ‘bad’?
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: October 2014

As October is National Cholesterol Month, Helen Cowan looks at lipoproteins in depth and tries to dispel some of the myths surrounding cholesterol
CCR Expo: What has been the most significant advance in medical aesthetics this year?
Authors: Devan Natasha , Collier Helena , Adami Raina Zarb , Brackenbury Julie , Daly Elizabeth , Jolly Sujata , Hills Samantha , Castro John
Published: October 2014

Aesthetic medicine is an ever-changing branch of healthcare, with new technologies and product ranges being launched every year. To mark the second Clinical Cosmetic and Reconstructive Expo, which is taking place at London Olympia on 10–11 October, the journal's editor Natasha Devan asks seven key conference speakers what the biggest development has been for them this year
Accreditation of prior experiential learning: why is it important for aesthetic nurses?
Authors: Senior Yvonne
Published: October 2014

Now that Health Education England has paired levels of practice with skills and qualifications, it is important for aesthetic nurses to practise in accreditation of prior experiential learning (APEL) mode. Getting APEL submissions right involves several steps, including logging courses and training days and recognising missing pockets of knowledge. Yvonne Senior discusses the benefits of APEL in aesthetics
A case study showing the pitfalls of having cosmetic procedures abroad
Authors: Palmer-Hughes Cheryl
Published: October 2014

Many individuals who are unhappy with their appearance are now opting to go clinics abroad for medical aesthetic treatments. Although some procedures will be successful, a high number of clients will return home with complications such as pain and swelling, and subsequently present to UK clinics to correct other practitioners’ mistakes. Cheryl Palmer-Hughes shares a client case study from her legal practice
Ebola virus disease: guidance for practice staff
Authors: Beckett Gail , Monk Philip
Published: October 2014

As Ebola virus disease spreads in West Africa, UK health professionals need to be prepared for the possibility of imported cases in travellers returning from affected regions
Outcome at 12 to 22 years of 1502 tibial shaft fractures
Authors: Connelly C. L. , Bucknall V. , Jenkins P. J. , Court-Brown C. M. , McQueen M. M. , Biant L. C.
Published: October 2014

Fractures of the tibial shaft are common injuries, but there are no long-term outcome data in the era of increased surgical management. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the clinical and functional outcome of this injury at 12 to 22 years. Secondary aims were to determine the short- and long-term mortality, and if there were any predictors of clinical or functional outcome or mortality. From a prospective trauma database of 1502 tibial shaft fractures in 1474 consecutive adult patients, we identified a cohort of 1431 tibial diaphyseal fractures in 1403 patients, who fitted our inclusion criteria. There were 1024 men, and mean age at injury was 40.6 years. Fractures were classified according to the AO system, and open fractures graded after Gustilo and Anderson. Requirement of fasciotomy, time to fracture union, complications, incidence of knee and ankle pain at long-term follow-up, changes in employment and the patients’ social deprivation status were recorded. Function was assessed at 12 to 22 years post-injury using the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment and short form-12 questionnaires. Long-term functional outcome data was available for 568 of the surviving patients, 389 were deceased and 346 were lost to follow-up. Most fractures (90.7%, n = 1363) united without further intervention. Fasciotomies were performed in 11.5% of patients; this did not correlate with poorer functional outcome in the long term. Social deprivation was associated with a higher incidence of injury but had no impact on long-term function. The one-year mortality in those over 75 years of age was 29 (42%). At long-term follow-up, pain and function scores were good. However, 147 (26%) reported ongoing knee pain, 62 (10%) reported ankle pain and 97 (17%) reported both. Such joint pain correlated with poorer functional outcome.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1370–7.
The treatment of the acute Essex-Lopresti injury
Authors: Grassmann J. P. , Hakimi M. , Gehrmann S. V. , Betsch M. , Kröpil P. , Wild M. , Windolf J. , Jungbluth P.
Published: October 2014

The Essex-Lopresti injury (ELI) of the forearm is a rare and serious condition which is often overlooked, leading to a poor outcome.

The purpose of this retrospective case study was to establish whether early surgery can give good medium-term results.

From a group of 295 patients with a fracture of the radial head, 12 patients were diagnosed with ELI on MRI which confirmed injury to the interosseous membrane (IOM) and ligament (IOL). They were treated by reduction and temporary Kirschner (K)-wire stabilisation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). In addition, eight patients had a radial head replacement, and two a radial head reconstruction.

All patients were examined clinically and radiologically 59 months (25 to 90) after surgery when the mean Mayo Modified Wrist Score (MMWS) was 88.4 (78 to 94), the mean Mayo Elbow Performance Scores (MEPS) 86.7 (77 to 95) and the mean disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score 20.5 (16 to 31): all of these indicate a good outcome.

In case of a high index of suspicion for ELI in patients with a radial head fracture, we recommend the following: confirmation of IOM and IOL injury with an early MRI scan; early surgery with reduction and temporary K-wire stabilisation of the DRUJ; preservation of the radial head if at all possible or replacement if not, and functional bracing in supination. This will increase the prospect of a good result, and avoid the complications of a missed diagnosis and the difficulties of late treatment.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1385–91.