bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On a Transformation of the Gini Coefficient into a Well‐Behaved Social Welfare Function
Authors: Stark Oded
Published: January 2025

Following Sen’s (1973) characterization of the Gini coefficient as a ratio between a measure of aggregate income‐based stress (“depression” in Sen’s terminology) and aggregate income, we transform the Gini coefficient into a social welfare function rather than having the Gini coefficient feature as an input in a social welfare function as in Sen (1973 and 1997), Sen (1976), and Sen (1982). The “Gini social welfare function” assigns weights that reflect preferences to aggregate income and to aggregate income‐based stress (income inequality), a desirable property that a social welfare function in which the Gini coefficient features as an input does not have. The transformation bears on the formation of public policy and on the welfare analysis of policy interventions.
HOS15 impacts DIL9 protein stability during drought stress in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zareen Shah , Ali Akhtar , Park Junghoon , Kang Sang‐Mo , Lee In‐Jung , Pardo Jose M. , Yun Dae‐Jin , Xu Zheng‐Yi
Published: January 2025

HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENE 15 (HOS15) acts as a substrate receptor of E3 ligase complex, which plays a negative role in drought stress tolerance. However, whether and how HOS15 participates in controlling important transcriptional regulators remains largely unknown.

Here, we report that HOS15 physically interacts with and tightly regulates DROUGHT‐INDUCED LIKE 19 (DIL9) protein stability. Moreover, application of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) stabilizes the interaction between DIL9 and HOS15, leading to ABA‐induced proteasomal degradation of DIL9 by HOS15. Genetic analysis revealed that DIL9 functions downstream to HOS15 and that the drought tolerance of hos15‐2 plants was impaired in dil9/hos15 double mutants.

Notably, DIL9 is directly associated with the promoter regions of ABF transcription factors and facilitates their expression, which is pivotal in enhancing ABA‐dependent drought tolerance.

Collectively, these findings demonstrate that HOS15 consistently degrades DIL9 under normal condition, while stress (drought/ABA) promotes the DIL9 activity for binding to the promoter regions of ABFs and positively regulates their expression in response to dehydration.
Leaf carbon monoxide emissions under different drought, heat, and light conditions in the field
Authors: Muller Jonathan D. , Qubaja Rafat , Koh Eugene , Stern Rafael , Bohak Yasmin L. , Tatarinov Fyodor , Rotenberg Eyal , Yakir Dan
Published: January 2025

Carbon monoxide (CO) is known primarily as a globally emitted by‐product of incomplete combustion from the industry and biomass burning. However, CO is also produced in living plants and acts as a stress‐signalling molecule in animals and plants. While CO emissions from soil and litter decomposition have been studied, research on the CO flux from living vegetation is scarce, particularly under field conditions.

Here, we present a year‐long field study on the effects of light, heat, and seasonal drought on leaf CO production and flux using automated twig chambers on mature Pinus halepensis trees grown under summer‐droughted and nondroughted (irrigated) conditions.

We found CO buildup in drought‐stressed tree leaves, with emissions linked to the heat‐controlled biogenic production of CO rather than to photodegradation. In irrigated trees, CO fluxes occurred through open stomata, whereas in droughted trees, CO buildup overcame stomatal closure to result in a flux.

The results support the role of CO in heat stress response and the likely mitigation of damage induced by reactive oxygen species. We highlight the need for further research into the mechanistic basis for CO flux from living plants.
Transforming CO2 into formic acid by integrated solar‐driven catalyst‐enzyme coupled artificial photosynthetic system
Authors: Singh Ankita , Yadav Rajesh K. , Gupta Abhishek Kumar , Singh Chandani , Sharma Kanchan , Mishra Shaifali , Shahin Rehana , Singh Atul P. , Yadav Krishna Kumar , Baeg Jin‐Ook
Published: January 2025

Photo‐biocatalyst coupled systems offer a promising approach for converting solar energy into valuable fuels. The bio‐integrated photocatalytic system sets a research benchmark by utilizing green energy for formic acid production, reducing CO₂ emissions, and enhancing selectivity through bio‐enzyme incorporation. This bio‐photocatalytic are promising solutions for environmental remediation and energy production. This research reports the synthesis and application of a novel metal‐free, nitrogen‐enriched graphene composite photocatalyst (NenGCTPP) for artificial photosynthesis. NenGCTPP was synthesized by covalently coupling tetraphenyl porphyrin tetracarboxylic acid (TPP) with N‐doped graphene via a polycondensation pathway. The photogenerated charge separation then facilitates the regeneration of enzymatically active coenzymes (NADH) for formic acid production catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase. The photocatalyst exhibited remarkable performance in photocatalytic regeneration of the coenzyme NADH from NAD+ with a high yield of 41.80%, as well as photocatalytic production of formic acid (HCO2H) as a solar fuel from CO2 with a yield of 99.12 μM. This innovative artificial photosynthetic system demonstrates an affordable, highly efficient, and selective approach for converting carbon dioxide into valuable solar fuels and regenerating NADH, addressing environmental concerns and contributing to sustainable energy solutions.
Quasi-Periodic Motions of a Gear Transmission System With Piecewise Linearities by the Incremental Harmonic Balance Method With Two Timescales
Authors: Liao F. L. , Huang J. L. , Zhu W. D.
Published: January 2025

Quasi-periodic motions can be numerically found in piecewise-linear systems, however, their characteristics have not been well understood. To illustrate this, an incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method with two timescales is extended in this work to analyze quasi-periodic motions of a non-smooth dynamic system, i.e., a gear transmission system with piecewise linearity stiffness. The gear transmission system is simplified to a four degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model by using a lumped mass method. Nonlinear governing equations of the gear transmission system are formulated by utilizing the Newton’s second law. The IHB method with two timescales applicable to piecewise-linear systems is employed to examine quasi-periodic motions of the gear transmission system whose Fourier spectra display uniformly spaced sideband frequencies around carrier frequencies. The Floquet theory is extended to analyze quasi-periodic solutions of piecewise-linear systems based on introduction of a small perturbation on a steady-state quasi-periodic solution of the gear transmission system with piecewise linearities. Comparison with numerical results calculated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method confirms that excellent accuracy of the IHB method with two timescales can be achieved with an appropriate number of harmonic terms.
Both heat stress and prey species affect Amblyseius orientalis performance
Authors: Zhou Xinyuan , Yan Hong , Hao Xuemin , Zhao Peipei , Sheng Fujing , Xu Xuenong , Wang Endong , Zhang Bo
Published: January 2025

Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is widely distributed throughout China and poses a significant economic threat to various crops. Coincidently, it often occurs with other small sucking pests like spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae). To effectively control small pests, Amblyseius orientalis Ehara (Mesostigmata:Phytoseiidae) is explored as an excellent biocontrol agent for pests management in the field. Multiple prey species can enhance A. orientalis reproduction and thus improve the pest control. Whereas, its effectiveness in controlling both pests under different stress remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the impacts of two temperatures of 25℃ and 33℃ on the performances of A. orientalis on the control of T. urticae and B. tabaci. The results revealed that A. orientalis had the longest development period (7.63 days) when fed at 25℃, while the shortest development period (4.55 days) at 33℃. High temperatures and whiteflies prey significantly reduced A. orientalis reproduction. Moreover, thermal stress resulted in decreased longevity of A. orientalis, and individuals fed on T. urticae lived longer compared to those fed on B. tabaci. Hence, this study assessed the pest control efficacy of A. orientalis under two conditions, offering valuable insights for the field application of biological control using A. orientalis.
Functional response of different life stages of predatory mite Blattisocius mali preying on acarid mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Authors: Jena Manoj Kumar , Michalska Katarzyna , Studnicki Marcin
Published: January 2025

The ability of immature predators to consume prey is crucial in determining their potential to reach adulthood and their subsequent predatory and reproductive capabilities. This study aimed to determine the functional responses of different life stages of soil-dwelling predatory mite Blattisocius mali Oudemans (Acari: Mesostigmata) on the mould mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank (Acari: Acaridae). The larvae of B. mali were exposed to a prey density of 25 eggs. Whereas the protonymphs, deutonymphs, female, and male adults were exposed to varying prey densities ranging from 10 to 160 eggs. The B. mali larvae did not consume the prey (i.e., eggs). The mean number of eggs eaten by B. mali female adults was similar to deutonymphs at a prey density of 160 eggs and protonymphs at a density of 120 eggs. The protonymphs, deutonymphs, female, and male adults exhibited a Type III functional response. Among different life stages, the adult male had longer handling time, i.e., 0.018935 days indicating lower efficiency than the other life stages. Nevertheless, both nymphs and adults showed promise as effective biological control agents of T. putrescentiae.
Radioactive contamination transported to Western Europe with Saharan dust
Authors: Xu-Yang Yangjunjie , Skonieczny Charlotte , Ayrault Sophie , Barbier Jean-Sébastien , Bizeul Rémi , Bryskere Octave , Chaboche Pierre-Alexis , Chalaux-Clergue Thomas , Corcho-Alvarado José A. , Foucher Anthony , Karsenti Alice , Leblanc Maxime , Orizaola Germán , Plautre Amélie , Röllin Stefan , Taraconat Nirina , Tenaud Nicolas , Valdés Ana Elisa , Dulac François , Evrard Olivier
Published: January 2025

The Reggane region, where the first French atmospheric nuclear tests were conducted in the 1960s in Southern Algeria, is located in one of the most active dust source regions responsible for recurrent massive Saharan dust events reaching Western Europe and affecting air quality. After a major outbreak in March 2022, a citizen participative science campaign was launched to study the radioactivity born by the dust. One hundred ten deposit samples were collected from six countries in Western Europe with 53 demonstrated as scientifically representative. Geochemical and mineralogical sample analyses combined with satellite observations and back trajectory calculations confirmed an origin from South Algeria, including the Reggane site. Plutonium isotopic signatures, a unique nuclear bomb fingerprint, remained in the range of the global fallout signatures largely dominated by US and former USSR nuclear tests, significantly different from French fallout signatures. Radioactive contamination detected in all samples did not, however, present a risk to public health in terms of radioactivity exposure.
Femtojoule optical nonlinearity for deep learning with incoherent illumination
Authors: Feng Qixin , Uzundal Can B. , Guo Ruihan , Sanborn Collin , Qi Ruishi , Xie Jingxu , Zhang Jianing , Wu Junqiao , Wang Feng
Published: January 2025

Optical neural networks (ONNs) are a promising computational alternative for deep learning due to their inherent massive parallelism for linear operations. However, the development of energy-efficient and highly parallel optical nonlinearities, a critical component in ONNs, remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we introduce a nonlinear optical microdevice array (NOMA) compatible with incoherent illumination by integrating the liquid crystal cell with silicon photodiodes at the single-pixel level. We fabricate NOMA with more than half a million pixels, each functioning as an optical analog of the rectified linear unit at ultralow switching energy down to 100 femtojoules per pixel. With NOMA, we demonstrate an optical multilayer neural network. Our work holds promise for large-scale and low-power deep ONNs, computer vision, and real-time optical image processing.
Virus-host immune interaction in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers
Authors: Asigbee Theodore Worlanyo , Nakamura-Hoshi Midori , Kuse Nozomi , Ishii Hiroshi , Ishikawa Koichi , Kawana-Tachikawa Ai , Horibe Erika , Nakashima Makoto , Yamano Yoshihisa , Uchimaru Kaoru , Matano Tetsuro
Published: January 2025

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces chronic long-term latent infection that can cause fatal diseases, including adult T-cell leukemia. HTLV-1 production is poor and undetectable during the asymptomatic phase of infection. Virus-host immune interaction in latent infection has not been fully determined. In the present study, virus-specific antibody and T-cell responses in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (
n
= 77) were investigated. Neutralizing antibody responses were significantly higher in individuals with higher anti-Env SU (gp46) antibody levels and positively correlated with proviral loads. Overnight
ex vivo
culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells resulted in detectable HTLV-1 Gag antigen (p19) expression in CD4
+
T cells and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induction in CD8
+
T cells. Frequencies of these p19-expressing CD4
+
T cells and non-specific IFN-γ-induced CD8
+
T cells were positively correlated with proviral loads, respectively. Tax-specific CD8
+
T-cell frequencies were not associated with proviral loads but inversely correlated with the ratios of p19-expressing CD4
+
T-cell frequencies to proviral loads, implying the involvement of Tax-specific CD8
+
T cells in the control of HTLV-1 replication. These results provide insights into the elucidation of the virus-host immune interaction in latent HTLV-1 infection.

IMPORTANCE

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) can cause fatal diseases, including adult T-cell leukemia in humans after long-term asymptomatic infection. In asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers, substantial proviruses are detectable in lymphocytes, and the association of a higher proviral load with a higher risk of disease progression has been observed. However, viral replication is controlled and HTLV-1 production is poor in asymptomatic carriers. Virus-host immune interaction during latent infection has not been fully determined. In the present study, virus-specific antibody and T-cell responses in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers were investigated. Neutralizing antibody responses were positively correlated with proviral loads. Tax-specific CD8
+
T-cell frequencies were not associated with proviral loads but inversely correlated with the ratios of p19-expressing CD4
+
T-cell frequencies to proviral loads, supporting the notion that Tax-specific CD8
+
T-cell responses play an important role in the control of HTLV-1 replication. These results provide insights into the mechanism of virus-host immune interaction in latent HTLV-1 infection.
Barriers and enablers of access to diabetes eye care in Auckland, New Zealand: a qualitative study
Authors: Silwal Pushkar Raj , Pirouzi Maryam , Murphy Rinki , Harwood Matire , Grey Corina , Squirrell David , Ramke Jacqueline
Published: January 2025

Objective

To explore the barriers and enablers to accessing diabetes eye care services among adults in Auckland.

Design

This was a qualitative study that used semistructured interviews. We performed a thematic analysis and described the main barriers and enablers to accessing services using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Setting

The study took place in two of the three public funding and planning agencies that provide primary and secondary health services in Auckland, the largest city in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Participants

Thirty people with diabetes in Auckland who had experienced interrupted diabetes eye care, having missed at least one appointment or being discharged back to their general practitioner after missing several appointments.

Results

We identified barriers and enablers experienced by our predominantly Pacific and Māori participants that aligned with 7 (of the 14) domains in the Theoretical Domains Framework. The most reported barriers were transport issues, lack of awareness regarding the importance of retinal screening, time constraints, limited and/or inflexible appointment times and competing family commitments. Enablers included positive interactions with healthcare providers and timely appointment notifications and reminders.

Conclusions

Diabetes eye services could be made more responsive by addressing systemic barriers such as service location and transport links, appointment availability and meaningful information to aid understanding.
Evaluation of the protective efficacy of OlysetPlus ceiling nets for reduction of malaria incidence in children in Homa Bay County, Kenya: a cluster-randomised controlled study protocol
Authors: Ko Yura K , Kagaya Wataru , Omondi Protus , Musyoka Kelvin B , Okai Takatsugu , Chan Chim W , Kongere James , Opiyo Victor , Oginga Jared , Mungai Samuel , Kanoi Bernard N , Kanamori Mariko , Yoneoka Daisuke ,   Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), Keitany Kibor K , Songok Elijah , Okomo Gordon Odhiambo , Minakawa Noboru , Gitaka Jesse , Kaneko Akira
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Malaria is still a major health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where 98% of global malaria mortality occurs. In addition, the spread ofPlasmodium falciparumwith partial artemisinin resistance in East Africa and beyond is a great concern. The establishment of more effective vector control, in addition to the current long-lasting insecticide-treated net distribution programme, is an urgent task in these areas. One novel vector control candidate is the pyrethroid-PBO ceiling nets (OlysetPlus ceiling nets) which can overcome the problems of variations in net use behaviours and metabolic resistance to insecticide in vectors. Our preliminary study suggests the protective efficacy and high acceptability of this tool. With this proposed second trial, we aim to evaluate the impact of this tool in a different eco-epidemiological setting in the lake endemic region of Kenya.

Methods

A cluster-randomised controlled trial is designed to evaluate the impact of pyrethroid-PBO ceiling nets in Ndhiwa Sub-County, Homa Bay County, Kenya. A total of 44 clusters will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention group (pyrethroid-PBO ceiling nets) and the control group. The assignment will be accomplished through covariate-constrained randomisation of clusters. For the primary outcome of clinical malaria incidence, 38 children from each cluster will be enrolled in a cohort and followed for 18 months. We will also evaluate the effects of the intervention on entomological indicators as well as its acceptance by communities and cost-effectiveness.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approvals were provided by the Mount Kenya University Institutional Scientific Ethics Review Committee and the Ethics Committee Osaka Metropolitan University. Study results will be shared with study participants and communities, the Homa Bay County government and the Kenya National Malaria Control Programme. Results will also be disseminated through publications, conferences and workshops to help the development of novel malaria control strategies in other malaria-endemic countries.

Trial registration number

UMIN000053873.
The effect of a sugarcane polyphenol extract on intake, apparent total tract digestibility, rumen fermentation, pH, methane emissions, and rumen microbiome of beef heifers fed a high forage diet
Authors: Williams Melissa S , O’Hara Eóin , Coates Trevor , McAllister Tim A. , Gruninger Robert J , Terry Stephanie A.
Published: January 2025

Eight ruminally cannulated Angus cross heifers (518 ± 33.4 kg) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square to examine the impact of a sugarcane polyphenol extract (SPE) on feed intake, rumen fermentation, apparent total tract digestibility, methane (CH4) production, and the rumen microbiome. Heifers were offered a corn silage based diet with either 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, or 1.2% of SPE replacing barley grain. Rumen fluid was analysed for volatile fatty acids (VFA), protozoa counts, and bacterial diversity. Rumen pH data loggers were used for continuous measurement of ruminal pH and heifers were housed individually to measure apparent total tract digestibility. Cattle were placed into respiration chambers to measure CH4 production. Data were analysed using the mixed model procedure of SAS with the fixed effect of treatment, and the random effects of block, heifer nested within block, and period. Supplementation of SPE increased absolute ruminal pH (P ≤ 0.01) and its variability (P = 0.05); however, there was no impact on intake, rumen fermentation or bacterial diversity (P ≥ 0.11). The results
Big Bang in dipole cosmology
Authors: Allahyari A. , Ebrahimian E. , Mondol R. , Sheikh-Jabbari M. M.
Published: January 2025

We continue the study of dipole cosmology framework put forward in Krishnan et al. (JCAP 07:020, 2023), a beyond FLRW setting that has a preferred direction in the metric which may be associated with a cosmological tilt, a cosmic dipole. In this setup the shear and the tilt can be positive or negative given the dipole direction. We thoroughly analyze evolution of the universe in this setting, particularly focusing on the behaviour near the Big Bang (BB). We first analyze a single fluid model with a generic constant equation of state w. While details of the behavior near the BB depends on w and the other initial conditions, we find that when the shear is negative we have a shear dominated BB singularity, whereas for a positive shear we have a much milder singularity, the whimper singularity (Ellis and King in Commun Math Phys 38:119–156, 1974), at which the tilt blows up while curvature invariants remain finite. We then consider dipole

$$\Lambda $$

Λ

CDM model which besides the shear has two tilt parameters, one for radiation and one for the pressureless matter. For positive (negative) shear we again find whimper (curvature) singularity near the BB. Moreover, when the tilt parameters have opposite signs, the shear can change sign from negative to positive in the course of evolution of the Universe. We show that the relative tilt of the radiation and the matter generically remains sizable at late times.
First demonstration of a TES based cryogenic Li$$_2$$MoO$$_4$$ detector for neutrinoless double beta decay search
Authors: Bratrud G. , Chang C. L. , Chen R. , Cudmore E. , Figueroa-Feliciano E. , Hong Z. , Kennard K. T. , Lewis S. , Lisovenko M. , Mateo L. O. , Novati V. , Novosad V. , Oliveri E. , Ren R. , Scarpaci J. A. , Schmidt B. , Wang G. , Winslow L. , Yefremenko V. G. , Zhang J. , Baxter D. , Hollister M. , James C. , Lukens P. , Temples D. J.
Published: January 2025

Cryogenic calorimetric experiments to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (

$$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

) are highly competitive, scalable and versatile in isotope. The largest planned detector array, CUPID, is comprised of about 1500 individual Li

$$_{2}$$

2

$$^{100}$$

100

MoO

$$_4$$

4

detector modules with a further scale up envisioned for a follow up experiment (CUPID-1T). In this article, we present a novel detector concept targeting this second stage with a low impedance TES based readout for the Li

$$_2$$

2

MoO

$$_4$$

4

absorber that is easily mass-produced and lends itself to a multiplexed readout. We present the detector design and results from a first prototype detector operated at the NEXUS shallow underground facility at Fermilab. The detector is a 2-cm-side cube with 21 g mass that is strongly thermally coupled to its readout chip to allow rise-times of

$$\sim $$

∼

0.5 ms. This design is more than one order of magnitude faster than present NTD based detectors and is hence expected to effectively mitigate backgrounds generated through the pile-up of two independent two neutrino decay events coinciding close in time. Together with a baseline resolution of 1.95 keV (FWHM) these performance parameters extrapolate to a background index from pile-up as low as

$$5\cdot 10^{-6}$$

5
·

10

-
6

 counts/keV/kg/yr in CUPID size crystals. The detector was calibrated up to the MeV region showing sufficient dynamic range for

$$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

searches. In combination with a SuperCDMS HVeV detector this setup also allowed us to perform a precision measurement of the scintillation time constants of Li

$$_2$$

2

MoO

$$_4$$

4

, which showed a primary component with a fast O(20 

$$\upmu $$

μ

s) time scale.
Thickness optimization of granular phosphor scintillators for use in low activity ionizing radiation spectrometers: the Gd2O2S:Tb theoretical paradigm
Authors: Kalyvas N. , Michail C. , Tseremoglou S. , Karali E. , Valais I. , Fountos G. , Kandarakis I.
Published: January 2025

Ionizing radiation energy characterization is used in various applications such as medical imaging, environmental measurements and for security purposes. In these applications the detector material type where the initial radiation absorption occurs should have high density to enhance radiation absorption and high secondary carriers yield so as to assure the maximum signal throughput to the electronics. Gd2O2S:Tb scintillator, also mentioned as phosphor has a decay time of 600 µs and that has been extensively studied as an X-ray imaging detector. The PenEasy software package was used to calculate the radiation absorption properties within the mass of the scintillator for different energies and thicknesses. The optical photon output was determined by the use of an analytical formula. The results were examined in the prospect of using Gd2O2S:Tb as part of a spectrometer. In addition, the same procedure was applied to a the faster Gd2O2S: (Pr,Ce,F) phosphor. It was found that for energies above 141 keV an optimum scintilllator thickness is that of 0.3 cm. By considering their corresponding decay time and sensitivity Gd2O2S:(Pr,Ce,F) was found a more effective choice that can detect radioactivity up to 67 kBq, while Gd2O2S:Tb may be a choice for detecting low energy radioisotopes in a low background environment.
Revisting the Z1∕3 law of nuclear charge radii
Authors: Jiao Bao-Bao , Su Li-Ling , Li Tao , Liu Yi-Bao
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we study the nuclear charge radius for 804 nuclei with [Formula: see text] in the CR2013 database (excluding the isotopic chains of Tb, Tm, Lu and Cm). By adding the Casten factor for the [Formula: see text] law empirical formula to calculate the charge radii of these nuclei, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between calculated and experimental values is 0.0530[Formula: see text]fm. A new empirical formula is then obtained by correcting using neutron–proton ratio factor [Formula: see text] and the neutron factor [Formula: see text]. The RMSD between the calculated values obtained using this new empirical formula and experimental values is 0.0197[Formula: see text]fm. The new empirical formula reproduces well not only the factors’ (i.e. the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] factors) dependence on charge radii, but also the kinks of charge radii at the neutron magic numbers N = 82 and 126 for some isotope chains. Furthermore, this paper introduces the Back propagation (BP) neural network approach using the Casten factor, the [Formula: see text] factor and the [Formula: see text] factor as input variables to train the model. The RMSD between the calculated values obtained by the neural network model II and the experimental values is only 0.0098[Formula: see text]fm. Compared to the empirical formula, the RMSD of the neural network model is reduced by 50%. The above research results based on the improvement of the [Formula: see text] law formula indicate that the relation and models proposed in this paper have accuracy and reliability.
Metabolic fuel selection in rainbow trout: coping with intralipid infusion
Authors: Talarico Giancarlo G. M. , Farhat Elie , Mennigen Jan A. , Weber Jean-Michel
Published: January 2025

How do fish respond to an intralipid infusion (a soybean-derived emulsion used for parenteral nutrition of human patients)? In rainbow trout, intralipid administration triples the rate of lipid mobilization (lipolysis) and reduces hepatic glucose production by 36%. These changes in substrate fluxes allow fish to decrease their reliance on amino acids and carbohydrates by substituting them with fatty acids as metabolic fuels.
Viver é embeber-se em sonho: uma análise do sonho no Húmus e no Livro do desassossego
Authors: Neto Carlos Conte
Published: January 2025

This article promotes a comparative reading of two of the greatest works of fiction produced in Portugal in the 20th century: Húmus (1917), by Raul Brandão, and Livro do desassossego (1982), by Fernando Pessoa (Bernardo Soares). Such an analytical confrontation is motivated by the understanding that in both works the figure of the dream occupies a central place. The objective of this article is to read both works from the theme of the dream, establishing similarities and differences, thus contributing to the understanding of the texts. At first, an attempt is made to define the dream in each of the works. Then, in a second part, the rapprochement between them is established through four themes: 1 – the dream and the encounter with oneself; 2 – overcoming the reality/dream opposition by substituting the first term for the second; 3 – the dream as an operator of metamorphoses; 4 – the dream as a reaction to the world.
Saudade e exílio no imaginário lusófono: um trajeto cultural nos dois lados do Atlântico
Authors: Ribeiro Elzimar Fernanda Nunes
Published: January 2025

Os estudos sobre o exílio adquiriram lugar central na contemporaneidade, porém tal investigação trafega geralmente pela língua inglesa, o que pode acobertar experiências culturais não incluídas neste escopo. Analisando textos representativos (cantigas medievais, a poesia camoniana, a poesia e canção brasileiras), este artigo intenta demonstrar que elaboração do imaginário mítico-poético do exílio deu-se paralelamente ao imaginário da saudade, na cultura lusófona – conferindo especificidade à compreensão do exílio, enquanto um trajeto antropológico da lusofonia.
Ischemic Conditioning Promotes Transneuronal Survival and Stroke Recovery via CD36-Mediated Efferocytosis
Authors: Ju Hyunwoo , Kim Il-Doo , Pavlova Ina , Mu Shang , Park Keun Woo , Minkler Joseph , Madkoor Ahmed , Wang Wei , Wang Xiaoman , Wu Zhuhao , Yang Jiwon , Febbraio Maria , Cave John W. , Cho Sunghee
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has been implicated in cross-organ protection in cerebrovascular disease, including stroke. However, the lack of a consensus protocol and controversy over the clinical therapeutic outcomes of RIC suggest an inadequate mechanistic understanding of RIC. The current study identifies RIC-induced molecular and cellular events in the blood, which enhance long-term functional recovery in experimental cerebral ischemia.

METHODS:

Naive mice or mice subjected to transient ischemic stroke were randomly selected to receive sham conditioning or RIC in the hindlimb at 2 hours post-stroke. At 3 days post-stroke, monocyte composition in the blood was analyzed, and brain tissue was examined for monocyte-derived macrophage (Mφ), levels of efferocytosis, and CD36 expression. Mouse with a specific deletion of CD36 in monocytes/Mφs was used to establish the role of CD36 in RIC-mediated modulation of efferocytosis, transneuronal degeneration, and recovery following stroke.

RESULTS:

RIC applied 2 hours after stroke increased the entry of monocytes into the injured brain. In the postischemic brain, Mφ had increased levels of CD36 expression and efferocytosis. These changes in brain Mφ were derived from RIC-induced changes in circulating monocytes. In the blood, RIC increased CD36 expression in circulating monocytes and shifted monocytes to a proinflammatory Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex (LY6C)
High
state. Conditional deletion of CD36 in Mφ abrogated the RIC-induced monocyte shift in the blood and efferocytosis in the brain. During the recovery phase of stroke, RIC rescued the loss of the volume and of tyrosine hydroxylase+ neurons in substantia nigra and behavioral deficits in wild-type mice but not in mice with a specific deletion of CD36 in monocytes/Mφs.

CONCLUSIONS:

RIC induces a shift in monocytes to a proinflammatory state with elevated CD36 levels, and this is associated with CD36-dependent efferocytosis in Mφs that rescues delayed transneuronal degeneration in the postischemic brain and promotes stroke recovery. Together, these findings provide novel insight into our mechanistic understanding of how RIC improves poststroke recovery.
Making Sense of Transcendental Nonsense
Authors: Devaney James Gerard
Published: January 2025

This paper offers a fresh look at the law of state succession. It argues that this important area of international law is plagued by two ‘transcendental’ concepts which lie at its heart, namely continuity/identity (‘c/i’) and automatic succession. These are concepts which cannot be assessed against any verifiable reality. The paper shows that these concepts disguise determinations relating to state succession that are in fact made on other grounds. As a result the law fails to perform its most basic function: to guide action. Accordingly, the paper argues for of a functional reframing of the law. This involves the replacement of c/i and automatic succession with concepts which can be assessed against verifiable realities, namely recognition and consent. Once such functional reframing has taken place, we can being to have a meaningful debate about the role of international law in regulating the ever-changing configuration of the international community of states.
Sacrificing the Feminine to Fit In and Embracing the Feminine to Stand Out
Authors: Bonnes Stephanie
Published: January 2025

Using in-depth interviews with 50 U.S. servicewomen, this study explores how institutional values, peer surveillance, and social control in the form of harassment function to devalue and regulate femininity in the military space. In a context that takes an essentialist view of gender that conflates femininity with weakness and assumes the ideal servicemember is masculine, many servicewomen respond by sacrificing femininity to avoid workplace harassment and to try to fit in. Women not only suppress feminine identity markers but also engage in defensive othering and posturing against other servicemembers perceived as more feminine to distance themselves further from femininity, reinforcing the gender binary. Further, this study uses interviews with women who served on Female Engagement Teams (fet) and Lioness Teams to highlight additional organizational meanings around femininity. While these programs were framed by the military as humanitarian in nature, fet and Lioness team members used essentialist views of gender to claim their femininity made them superior at intelligence-gathering, counterinsurgency, and combat missions. While this enables them to contest the masculine ideal of a servicemember, it ultimately leaves the gender binary intact. Overall, the military’s adherence to gender essentialism, coupled with a femmephobic environment, functions to regulate femininity in ways that uphold both the gender binary and a hierarchy that privileges masculinity over femininity.
Three Morphological Groups of South American Geocoris Fallén, Five New Species and Key to Species Belonging to the “flavilineus” Group (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Geocoridae)
Authors: BRAILOVSKY HARRY
Published: January 2025

The known South American species of the genus Geocoris Fallén are here divided into three morphological groups: “flavilineus” group with 7 species, “punctipes” group with 9 species, and “thoracicus” group with 3 species. Each group is characterized and the species belonging to each one listed. The “flavilineus” group is revised, including the description of five new species, and a key to included species provided.
Review of the Fungal-Inhabiting Plant Bugs of the Subfamily Cylapinae in Japan (Heteroptera: Miridae), with Descriptions of a New Genus and Three New Species
Authors: YASUNAGA TOMOHIDE , WOLSKI ANDRZEJ
Published: January 2025

The Japanese fauna of the plant bug subfamily Cylapinae is reviewed and updated. Based on recently accumulated cylapine specimens from southwestern Japan including the Ryukyus, the following new genus and new species have been established and are herein described: Wolskicoris Yasunaga, new genus; Fulvius reoi Yasunaga and Wolski, new species; Peritropis akitai Yasunaga and Wolski, new species; and Wolskicoris quadrinotatus Yasunaga and Wolski, new species. Two known species, Fulvius niveonotatus Yasunaga, 2000 and Yamatofulvius sinuicornis Yasunaga, 2000, are herein transferred to Wolskicoris new genus and Rhinocylapidius Poppius, 1915, respectively. Two new combinations, W. niveonotatus (Yasunaga), new combination and R. sinuicornis (Yasunaga), new combination are accordingly proposed. An updated checklist and key to tribes, genera, and species are provided to aid in the identification of the Japanese Cylapinae. A teratological antennomere found in a new species, Peritropis akitai, is also documented.
Variations in the Writing System and Style of the Modern Judaeo-Arabic of Libya
Authors: Yoda Sumikazu
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the variations in the writing system and style of Modern Judaeo-Arabic from Libya (JAL), focusing on materials primarily from the 20th century. The study investigates the linguistic features and orthographic choices in JAL texts written in Hebrew script, emphasizing their stylistic and phonological diversity. The analysis highlights two main areas: the variability in orthographic representation, particularly the use of the Hebrew letter gimel to denote different sounds (e.g., ž, ġ, g), and the multiglossic nature of the language, where both literary and dialectal forms coexist.

The research reveals that JAL lacks a standardized orthography, with considerable variation in the representation of sounds and grammatical features across texts. This variability reflects influences from Classical Arabic (CA), spoken Libyan Arabic, and even elements of Tunisian Arabic. For instance, literary texts employ formal CA structures and vocabulary, while dialectal words and phrases persist in informal contexts. Despite efforts to maintain stylistic consistency, even highly literary texts often contain dialectal features, highlighting the fluidity of linguistic registers in JAL.

The chapter concludes that the diversity in writing systems and styles stems from a combination of local linguistic practices, historical publishing constraints, and cultural influences from neighboring regions like Tunisia. Further research is recommended to deepen understanding of JAL’s grammatical and lexical characteristics, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive analysis of its unique linguistic identity within the broader Judaeo-Arabic tradition.
Koineisation and Language Contact in Syrian Ṭuroyo
Authors: Herin Bruno
Published: January 2025

This chapter investigates koineisation and language contact in Syrian Ṭuroyo, a Central Neo-Aramaic language spoken around Qamishli, Syria. Originally confined to the Ṭūr ʿAbdīn region in Turkey, Ṭuroyo’s linguistic ecology shifted following migrations triggered by the 1915 Sayfo genocide and the establishment of the French Mandate. These migrations led to a trilingual environment (Ṭuroyo–Arabic–Kurdish) in Syria, altering the language’s dynamics. Drawing on novel data collected in Northern Syria and Belgium, this study examines two key phenomena: the emergence of koineised varieties and the impact of contact with Arabic.

Koineisation in Syrian Ṭuroyo is characterised by morphological simplifications, the loss of gender distinctions in the second person singular, and the emergence of innovative paradigms. Levelling and hybridisation of grammatical structures, particularly the verbal predicate, are highlighted. The study identifies the integration of Arabic lexical and grammatical items through matter replication, such as borrowed nouns and adjectives with preserved Arabic inflections, and pattern replication, including the adoption of Arabic-like argument structures and clause-combining strategies. While Ṭuroyo maintains a distinct relativisation strategy, the influence of Arabic is evident in discourse markers, inchoative constructions, and semantic patterns.

The chapter concludes that, although Ṭuroyo shows significant convergence with Arabic, full assimilation has not occurred. Sociolinguistic changes since 2011, due to the mass migration of Syriac speakers to Europe, suggest the need for future research to evaluate the ongoing evolution of this linguistic ecosystem. The findings contribute to broader discussions on language contact and koineisation in minority languages.
Soul Inspiration from Wadi el Natrun
Authors: Feodorov Ioana
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines the multifaceted symbolism and spiritual significance of ostrich eggs across cultural, religious, and historical contexts, particularly within the Christian Orthodox tradition. The ostrich egg, a recurring motif in Mediterranean religious and artistic heritage, embodies themes of vigilance, prayer, and spiritual focus. The study highlights its biological, cultural, and symbolic aspects, including its essential role in the life cycle of ostriches, its practical and ceremonial uses, and its integration into religious iconography and architecture.

In the Christian tradition, ostrich eggs have been suspended in churches as visual reminders of the vigilance required in prayer, drawing parallels with the ostrich’s attentive incubation practices. The text delves into Arabic Christian manuscripts, Ethiopian church traditions, and medieval European arts to trace the egg's enduring spiritual metaphor. By exploring sources like the Arabic Physiologus and ecclesiastical texts by figures like Ibn Sabāʿ and Macarius III, the chapter reveals how ostrich eggs conveyed theological teachings about unwavering focus in worship.

Feodorov’s analysis extends to the artistic use of ostrich eggs in medieval reliquaries and their allegorical interpretations in Christian and Islamic traditions, emphasizing their role as symbols of life, resurrection, and spiritual vigilance. The chapter concludes by noting the diminishing awareness of this symbolism in modern times, urging a reevaluation of the ostrich egg’s spiritual and cultural heritage.
Novel youth mental health services in Australia: What differences are being reported about the clinical needs of those who attend and the outcomes achieved?
Authors: Hickie Ian B , Rosenberg Sebastian , Carpenter Joanne S , Crouse Jacob J , Hamilton Blake , Hermens Daniel , Guastella Adam , Leweke Markus , Capon William , Scott Elizabeth M , Iorfino Frank
Published: January 2025

Globally, youth mental health services are evolving, with Australia’s headspace services presented as a leading exemplar. headspace services were designed as enhanced primary care-based entities and were expected to collaborate with local acute, and specialist clinical and psychosocial services. The lack of large-scale health services trials necessitates understanding their impact through systematic monitoring and evaluation. This paper compares data from differing sources that describe the demographic and clinical features, and functional outcomes, of young people presenting to various headspace services. headspace National reports that care is provided largely to youth with transient distress, minimal clinical disorders, suicidality or comorbidities and limited functional impairment. Almost 50% of clients are reported to have no significant psychological symptoms or risk factors, and less than 30% to have a clinical disorder. Consequently, 36% receive only a single session of care and the median number of clinical sessions provided is three. By contrast, empirically derived estimates, utilising data from an academic centre and its affiliated centres, other independent agencies and more refined analyses of headspace national data variously portray 50–60% of youth as presenting with at least moderate clinical complexity (including at least 20% with high complexity), and with another 27% requiring active clinical intervention. Together, these data suggest approximately 75% of attendees require substantive clinical care. Clinical outcomes data from all sources indicate limited impacts on functional outcomes, with less than a third achieving significant improvement. These data support the original intent of headspace services to focus on equitable access to multidimensional and clinical assessment, evidence-based early interventions for early stages of major anxiety, mood or psychotic disorders. As demand for youth services continues to rise, there is an urgent need to reconfigure our national youth service networks to address the unmet clinical and psychosocial needs of youth presenting in the early stages of major mental disorders.
Explicitization of Corporate Social Responsibilities at the National Institutional Level
Authors: Bartosch Julia , Lohmeyer Nora
Published: January 2025

This article complements company-level approaches on the explicitization of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), zooming out to the national institutional level. We draw on qualitative data collected during several research stays in Japan, a case with a recent uptake of “explicit” CSR, where, historically, companies focused on “implicit” CSR. We present an empirically grounded framework for CSR explicitization at the national institutional level, involving three dimensions of changes: (a) ideas around CSR, (b) modes of evaluation of CSR, and (c) structures of control over CSR. In Japan, this process has been driven by the government, orchestrating these changes. Our framework contextualizes earlier understandings of CSR explicitization, allowing critical examination in relation to socio-political developments and providing the grounds for future comparative analysis of CSR explicitization. Furthermore, we add to the literature on the government-CSR nexus, introducing the notion of ideational steering as a new mode of government orchestration and shedding light on the role of financial market actors as co-regulators of CSR.
Fire in the contemporary cuisines of Indigenous peoples in Canada
Authors: Hamel-Charest Laurence
Published: January 2025

Spiritual dish, medicine wheel flatbread, flamed game and smoked fish are all examples of the intersection of Indigenous food and spirituality. This article explores this intersection by examining the conceptualization of fire in Indigenous cultures in Canada, particularly in Quebec, through an analysis of cuisines. How do contemporary Indigenous cuisines in Canada express their relationship to fire? What is the significance of fire in Indigenous cuisines? What is the symbolic value of smoke, both as a smell and a taste, in Indigenous foods? The analysis is based on two studies: one conducted with a First Nations community in Quebec and another focused on Indigenous restaurants in Canada. The discussion suggests that fire has a relational potential and helps to signify, through cuisine, the connection between Indigenous peoples and the land.