bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taste Panellists’ Evaluations in Official Cheese Competitions: Analysis for Improvement Proposals
Authors: Hernández-Arencibia Patricia , Saavedra Pedro , Carrascosa Iruzubieta Conrado , Monzón Elizardo , Sanjuán Esther
Published: November 2024

Sensory analysis is a tool for determining cheese quality by tasting during official competitions, which are useful for revitalising the local cheese sector. This work aims to acquire information about the outcomes of official cheese tastings on Gran Canaria Island (Spain) and analyse this information to improve the sampling methodology, as a possible reference for similar events held elsewhere worldwide. The results of four consecutive tasting competitions were studied over 4 years. The annual scores for odour, taste, texture and overall impression, given by 26 taste panellists (5 permanent), were analysed. This gave 2291 evaluations of 329 cheeses from 13 different varieties. A mixed model was applied with year and cheese variety as fixed effects, and taster and cheese as random effects. Agreement among the permanent tasters’ scores was considered by the intraclass correlation coefficient. The results indicated significant differences in the final scores according to the considered year and cheese variety and suggested a lack of stable patterns initially, but a movement towards homogeneity in the later years. The vegetable coagulant and sheep/goat’s milk semi-matured cheeses obtained the best scores, and the cows’ milk and pasteurised semi-mature cheeses, the worst. All the sensory variables significantly distinguished the cheese varieties, but not texture and taste in the last competition. Agreement among permanent tasters was significant in the last 2 years.
Beneficial and Safety Properties of a Bacteriocinogenic and Putative Probiotic Latilactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei 2a Strain
Authors: Lipilkina Tatiana Alexandrovna , Xu Cristhian , Barbosa Matheus de Souza , Khramova Valentina Nikolaevna , Shebeko Sergei K. , Ermakov Alexey M. , Ivanova Iskra Vitanova , Todorov Svetoslav Dimitrov
Published: November 2024

This work aimed to evaluate some of the probiotic features and safety of the bacteriocin-producing Latilactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei 2a. The effect of selected commercial drugs from different generic groups and antibiotics on the growth of Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a was also determined. The presence of virulence factors was determined based on PCR with total DNA from Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a. Good growth of Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a was recorded in MRS broth supplemented with 0.2% or 0.4% oxbile or in MRS broth adjusted to a pH from 5.0–9.0. Auto-aggregation of Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a was 62.59%. Different levels of co-aggregation were recorded between Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC19443, Ltb. sakei ATCC15521 and Listeria monocytogenes ScottA. Growth of Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a was not inhibited by commercial drugs from different generic groups. The inhibitory effect on the growth of Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a was recorded only in the presence of Arotin [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant] Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) 1.0 mg/mL, Atlansil [Antiarrhythmic] MIC 0.625 mg/mL, Diclofenac potassium [non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)] MIC 2.5 mg/mL and Spidufen [NSAID] MIC 15.0 mg/mL. Only two antibiotics tested in this study, Amoxil and Urotrobel, inhibited the growth of Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a with a MIC of <0.5 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL, respectively. However, Ltb. sakei subsp. sakei 2a generated positive PCR results on the DNA level for vanA (vancomycin resistance), hyl (hyaluronidase), esp (enterococcal surface protein), ace (adhesion of collagen) and cilA (cytolisin) and a high virulence profile when examined for the presence of virulence factors. It is important to underline that cytolysis has been described as a virulence and antibacterial factor.
Optimization of the Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Phenolic Compounds from Date Seeds
Authors: Khalfi Asma , Garrigós María Carmen , Ramos Marina , Jiménez Alfonso
Published: November 2024

Date seeds, often discarded during industrial processing, are an underexploited by-product rich in polyphenols with significant antioxidant potential. This study explores the extraction of polyphenols from date seeds using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with an organic solvent. The extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), focusing on extraction time, ethanol concentration, and temperature. The optimal extraction conditions were 46% (v/v) of ethanol, at 62 °C and for 27.3 min. Under these optimized conditions, the extraction yield and total phenolic content of the extract are 12.5% and 59 mg gallic acid equivalent g−1 of date seed, respectively, as confirmed by the experimental tests. The extract’s antioxidant activity was confirmed through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode–array detection (HPLC–DAD) identified major phenolic compounds, including procyanidin B1, catechin, quercetin-3,5′-di-O-glucoside, epicatechin, procyanidin B, and syringic acid, alongside eight other tentatively identified compounds. These findings underscore the potential of MAE as an environmentally friendly technique for producing polyphenol-rich extracts from date seeds, adding value to this by-product and opening avenues for its application in food and nutritional products.
An Analysis of Longan Honey from Taiwan and Thailand Using Flow Cytometry and Physicochemical Analysis
Authors: Kafle Lekhnath , Mabuza Tandzisile Zine
Published: November 2024

The increase in honey fraud in the global market has highlighted the importance of pollen analysis in determining or confirming the botanical and geographical origins of honey. Numerous studies are currently underway to develop efficient and rapid methods for the determination of the quality, botanical, and geographical origin of honey. Typically, the physicochemical analysis of honey is used to evaluate its quality and geographical source. In this study, flow cytometry, a technique extensively employed in immunology and hematology, was first applied to analyze and characterize pollen from longan honeys from Taiwan and Thailand. The flow cytometry was employed for forward scatter (FSC), side scatter (SSC), Y610-A, and NUV450 to analyze longan honey samples from Taiwan and Thailand. Taiwan’s longan honeys were rich in pollens; however, based upon the FSC and SSC analyses, the pollens from Thai longan honeys were larger and more granular. The Y610/20 emission area was greatest in Thai pollens. The NUV450 measured in the near UV laser was also greater in Thai pollen. Additionally, honey samples were also analysed for physiochemical properties including moisture content, pH, ash content, viscosity, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) for physiochemical properties of longan honey samples from both countries. The moisture content of honey from Taiwan varied between 20.90% and 23.40%, whereas honey from Thailand ranged from 19.50% to 23.50%. A total of 60% of Taiwan’s longan honey was found to have a dark amber color, and only 20% of Thai longan honey exhibited a dark amber color. Furthermore, the pH range of honey from Taiwan was found to be between 4.00 and 4.16, and the pH of Thai honey ranged from 4.01 to 4.12. The ash content of honey samples from Taiwan ranged from 0.05% to 0.23%, and Thai honey had a range of 0.01% to 0.9%. All samples were negative for the Fiehe’s test, indicating the absence of HMF. This analysis lays the groundwork for rapid identification the origins of the honey, applying flow cytometry in conjunction with physicochemical analysis to assess its quality.
Bio-Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds and Potato Peel as Substrates for Pleurotus ostreatus Growth
Authors: Torres-Martínez Brisa del Mar , Vargas-Sánchez Rey David , Pérez-Alvarez José Ángel , Fernández-López Juana , Viuda-Martos Manuel , Esqueda Martin , Rodríguez-Carpena Javier Germán , Ibarra-Arias Félix Joel , Torrescano-Urrutia Gastón Ramón , Sánchez-Escalante Armida
Published: November 2024

Pleurotus ostreatus, due to its saprophytic nature, can extract nutrients and bioactive compounds from the substrate on which it is grown. This study aimed to assess the effect of adding spent coffee grounds (SCG) and potato peel (PPW) in the wheat straw substrate formulation to grow over the production indicators, physicochemical, techno-functional, total chemical compounds, and antioxidant properties. Treatments were described as follows: T1, wheat straw at 100%; T2, wheat straw at 80% + 10% of SCG + 10% of PPW; T3, wheat straw at 70% + 15% of SCG + 15% of PPW; T4, wheat straw at 60% + 20% of SCG + 20% of PPW. After P. ostreatus growth, non-differences were found in production indicators for T1–T4, including biological efficiency, production rate, and yield. With respect to P. ostreatus dried powders, T1–T4 showed pH values near neutrality concerning soy protein (SP), and the color samples were beige. Also, T2 and T3 exert higher water-holding (WHC) values, while T1–T4 exert higher oil-holding (OHC) and emulsifying capacity (EC) values concerning SP, in dependence on the growth substrate. T1–T4 showed lower swelling (SC) and T1–T3 lower gelling capacity (GC) values. Regarding total chemical compounds and antioxidant properties of P. ostreatus extracts, growth substrate and solvent extraction have an effect on metabolite content and antiradical and reducing power properties. The multivariate analysis revealed that T2 water extracts exert the highest total tannin (TTC) and protocatechuic acid contents (PAC), as well as the highest antiradical (RCSA) and reducing power (RPA) values. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that using SCG and PPW as a partial substitute for substrate (what straw) enhances the physicochemical, techno-functional, and antioxidant activity of P. ostreatus.
Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) as a Growing Food Source: Opportunities and Challenges in Comprehensive Research and Utilization
Authors: Chen Bimin , Xu Xiaoqi , Chen Yinji , Xie Hongkai , Zhang Tao , Mao Xiangzhao
Published: November 2024

The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was introduced from Japan to China in the 1920s. Crayfish are now widely distributed in almost all types of freshwater wetlands, including rice fields, ditches, swamps, lakes, and ponds in most provinces of China, owing to their multi-directional movement, rapid growth, adaptability to the environment, and relatively high fecundity. The delectable taste and high nutritional value of crayfish have made them popular among consumers, leading to the significant development of red swamp crayfish farming in the last two decades. Currently, it represents the largest proportion of commercially farmed freshwater crustaceans in China and has become an integral component of China’s aquatic economy. Crayfish are highly valued for their edibility and for their by-products, which have various important uses. This review discusses nutrient composition, active ingredients, safety evaluation, processing and preservation, and comprehensive utilization of crayfish by-products to explore and organize the existing knowledge about crayfish and to promote the growth of the crayfish industry. This comprehensive review aims to provide a basis for the optimal utilization and sustainable development of crayfish resources worldwide.
Quantitative Analysis of Crack Propagation Behavior in Recycled Concrete Subjected to Axial Compression Using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Technology and Fractal Theory
Authors: Lu Cheng-Gong , Zhang Xiu-Cheng , Chen Wei-Zhi , Chen Xue-Fei
Published: November 2024

The current research endeavors to explore the mechanical properties of recycled concrete cubic specimens, predominantly concentrating on macroscopic attributes such as compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. However, at the mesoscopic scale, the internal structure of recycled concrete becomes increasingly intricate due to the adherence of substantial mortar on the surface of recycled coarse aggregates, ultimately influencing its macroscopic mechanical behavior and crack propagation trajectories. To address this complexity, Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology is harnessed to quantitatively analyze crack tip displacement fields and crack propagation behavior in recycled concrete, considering variations in aggregate replacement ratios and particle sizes. This analysis encompasses quantitative assessments of pre-cracking damage, post-cracking crack morphology characteristics, and size. Utilizing the advanced 3D-DIC algorithmic technique, this study delves into the evolution of crack propagation patterns in recycled concrete during the loading process, evaluating the impact of both aggregate replacement ratios and particle sizes on crack propagation behavior. Ultimately, fractal theory is employed to provide a quantitative analysis of the crack morphology on the surface of recycled concrete.
Numerical Simulation Based on Interpolation Technique for Multi-Term Time-Fractional Convection–Diffusion Equations
Authors: Zhang Xindong , Chen Yan , Wei Leilei , Kumar Sunil
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a novel approach for solving multi-term time-fractional convection–diffusion equations with the fractional derivatives in the Caputo sense. The proposed highly accurate numerical algorithm is based on the barycentric rational interpolation collocation method (BRICM) in conjunction with the Gauss–Legendre quadrature rule. The discrete scheme constructed in this paper can achieve high computational accuracy with very few interval partitioning points. To verify the effectiveness of the present discrete scheme, some numerical examples are presented and are compared with the other existing method. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Electrostatic Gelatin Nanoparticles for Biotherapeutic Delivery
Authors: Tobo Connor , Jain Avantika , Gamage Madhushika Elabada , Jelliss Paul , Garg Koyal
Published: November 2024

Biological agents such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) and growth factors, when administered in vivo, often face rapid clearance, limiting their therapeutic potential. To address this challenge and enhance their efficacy, we propose the electrostatic conjugation and sequestration of these agents into gelatin-based biomaterials. In this study, gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized via the nanoprecipitation method, with adjustments to the pH of the gelatin solution (4.0 or 10.0) to introduce either a positive or negative charge to the nanoparticles. The GNPs were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Both positively and negatively charged GNPs were confirmed to be endotoxin-free and non-cytotoxic. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs exhibited characteristic surface markers and a notable negative charge. Zeta potential measurements validated the electrostatic conjugation of MSC-EVs with positively charged GNPs. Utilizing a transwell culture system, we evaluated the impact of EV-GNP conjugates encapsulated within a gelatin hydrogel on macrophage secretory activity. The results demonstrated the bioactivity of EV-GNP conjugates and their synergistic effect on macrophage secretome over five days of culture. In summary, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of electrostatically coupled biotherapeutics with biomaterials for tissue regeneration applications.
3D Printing of New Foods Using Cellulose-Based Gels Obtained from Cerotonia siliqua L. Byproducts
Authors: Capellà Antoni , Umaña Mónica , Dalmau Esperanza , Cárcel Juan A. , Femenia Antoni
Published: November 2024

Carob pulp is a valuable source of cellulose-rich fraction (CRF) for many food applications. This study aimed to obtain and characterize a CRF derived from carob pulp waste after sugar removal and to evaluate its potential use in the 3D printing of cellulose-rich foods. Thus, the extraction of the CRF present in carob pulp (by obtaining the alcohol-insoluble residue) was carried out, accounting for nearly 45% dm (dry matter) of this byproduct. The CRF contained about 24% dm of cellulose. The functional properties (swelling capacity, water retention, and fat adsorption) related to this fraction were determined, showing a value of 5.9 mL/g of CRF and 4.0 and 6.5 g/g of CRF, respectively. Different gels were formulated with a total solids content of 15% wm (wet matter), using potato peel flour as a base and partially substituting with CRF (0% to 8% wm). The cellulose-based gels were characterized in terms of viscosity, water distribution (low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), and printability, while the 3D printed samples were assessed for their textural properties. As the percentage of added CRF increased, the viscosity decreased while the water retention increased. Printability improved when small proportions of CRF (2% to 4%) were used, while it deteriorated for higher percentages (6% to 8%). The textural properties (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and gumminess) showed significant changes caused by the addition of CRF, with gels containing 3% to 4% CRF exhibiting the most suitable printing values. In summary, this study demonstrates the significant potential of carob cellulose-based gel as an ingredient in the 3D printing of novel fiber-rich foods, contributing to reducing food waste and promoting sustainable practices within the framework of the circular economy.
Development of Variable Charge Cationic Hydrogel Particles with Potential Application in the Removal of Amoxicillin and Sulfamethoxazole from Water
Authors: Aranda Francisca L. , Meléndrez Manuel F. , Pérez Mónica A. , Rivas Bernabé L. , Pereira Eduardo D. , Palacio Daniel A.
Published: November 2024

Cationic hydrogel particles (CHPs) crosslinked with glutaraldehyde were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their removal capacity for two globally consumed antibiotics: amoxicillin and sulfamethoxazole. The obtained material was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and TGA, confirming effective crosslinking. The optimal working pH was determined to be 6.0 for amoxicillin and 4.0 for sulfamethoxazole. Under these conditions, the CHPs achieved over 90.0% removal of amoxicillin after 360 min at room temperature, while sulfamethoxazole removal reached approximately 60.0% after 300 min. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that adsorption occurs through a physisorption process and is endothermic. The ΔH° values of 28.38 kJ mol−1, 12.39 kJ mol−1, and ΔS° 97.19 J mol−1 K−1, and 33.94 J mol−1 K−1 for AMX and SMX, respectively. These results highlight the potential of CHPs as promising materials for the removal of such contaminants from aqueous media.
Modifying the Resistant Starch Content and the Retrogradation Characteristics of Potato Starch Through High-Dose Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Peng Zhangchi , Wang Xuwei , Liu Zhijie , Zhang Liang , Cheng Linrun , Nia Jiahao , Zuo Youming , Shu Xiaoli , Wu Dianxing
Published: November 2024

Potato starch is widely utilized in the food industry. Gamma irradiation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for starch modification. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of comprehensive and consistent knowledge regarding the physicochemical characteristics of high-dose gamma-irradiated potato starch, retrogradation properties in particular. In this study, potato starch was exposed to gamma rays at doses of 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kGy. Various physicochemical properties, including retrogradation characteristics, were investigated. Generally, the apparent amylose content (AAC), water absorption, gel viscosity, gel hardness, and gumminess decreased as the doses of gamma irradiation increased. Conversely, the resistant starch (RS), amylose content evaluated by the concanavalin A precipitation method, water solubility, and enthalpy of gelatinization were increased. Additionally, swelling power, crystalline structure, and amylopectin branch chain length distribution either remained stable or exhibited only minor changes. Notably, the degree of retrogradation of potato starches on day 7 was positively correlated with the doses of gamma irradiation.
Experimental Evaluation of a Recrosslinkable CO2-Resistant Micro-Sized Preformed Particle Gel for CO2 Sweep Efficiency Improvement in Reservoirs with Super-K Channels
Authors: Alotibi Adel , Song Tao , Al Brahim Ali , Bai Baojun , Schuman Thomas
Published: November 2024

A recrosslinkable CO2-resistant branched preformed particle gel (CO2-BRPPG) was developed for controlling CO2 injection conformance, particularly in reservoirs with super-permeable channels. Previous work focused on a millimeter-sized CO2-BRPPG in open fractures, but its performance in high-permeability channels with pore throat networks remained unexplored. This study used a sandpack model to evaluate a micro-sized CO2-BRPPG under varying conditions of salinity, gel concentration, and pH. At ambient conditions, the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) of the gel reached 76 times its original size. This ratio decreased with increasing salinity but remained stable at low pH values, demonstrating the gel’s resilience in acidic environments. Rheological tests revealed shear-thinning behavior, with gel strength improving as salinity increased (the storage modulus rose from 113 Pa in 1% NaCl to 145 Pa in 10% NaCl). Injectivity tests showed that lower gel concentrations reduced the injection pressure, offering flexibility in deep injection treatments. Gels with higher swelling ratios had lower injection pressures due to increased strength and reduced deformability. The gel maintained stable plugging performance during two water-alternating-CO2 cycles, but a decline was observed in the third cycle. It also demonstrated a high CO2 breakthrough pressure of 177 psi in high salinity conditions (10% NaCl). The permeability reduction for water and CO2 was influenced by gel concentration and salinity, with higher salinity increasing the permeability reduction and higher gel concentrations decreasing it. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the CO2-BRPPG in improving CO2 sweep efficiency and managing CO2 sequestration in reservoirs with high permeability.
The Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Molecular Organization, Thermomechanical, and Shape Memory Properties of Gelatin-Matrix Composite Films
Authors: Padilla Cristina , Pępczyńska Marzena , Vizueta Cristian , Quero Franck , Díaz-Calderón Paulo , Macnaughtan William , Foster Tim , Enrione Javier
Published: November 2024

Gelatin is a natural hydrocolloid with excellent film-forming properties, high processability, and tremendous potential in the field of edible coatings and food packaging. However, its reinforcing by materials such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) is often necessary to improve its mechanical behavior, including shape memory properties. Since the interaction between these polymers is complex and its mechanism still remains unclear, this work aimed to study the effect of low concentrations of CNC (2, 6, and 10 weight%) on the molecular organization, thermomechanical, and shape memory properties in mammalian gelatin-based composite films at low moisture content (~10 weight% dry base). The results showed that the presence of CNCs (with type I and type II crystals) interfered with the formation of the gelatin triple helix, with a decrease from 21.7% crystallinity to 12% in samples with 10% CNC but increasing the overall crystallinity (from 21.7% to 22.6% in samples with 10% CNC), which produced a decrease in the water monolayer in the composites. These changes in crystallinity also impacted significantly their mechanical properties, with higher E’ values (from 1 × 104 to 1.3 × 104 Pa at 20 °C) and improved thermal stability at higher CNC content. Additionally, the evaluation of their shape memory properties indicated that while molecular interactions between the two components occur, CNCs negatively impacted the magnitude and kinetics of the shape recovery of the composites (more particularly at 10 weight% CNC, reducing shape recovery from 90% to 70%) by reducing the netting point associated with the lower crystallinity of the gelatin. We believe that our results contribute in elucidating the interactions of gelatin–CNC composites at various structural levels and highlights that even though CNC acts as a reinforcement material on gelatin matrices, their interaction are complex and do not imply synergism in their properties. Further investigation is, however, needed to understand CNC–gelatin interfacial interactions with the aim of modulating their interactions depending on their desired application.
Molecular Design and Nanoarchitectonics of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Sol–Gel Systems for Antifouling Coatings
Authors: Bös Markus , Gabler Ludwig , Leopold Willi Max , Steudel Max , Weigel Mareike , Kraushaar Konstantin
Published: November 2024

Environmental protection, especially fouling protection, is a very topical and wide-ranging issue. This review explores the development, molecular design, and nanoarchitectonics of sol–gel-based hybrid coatings for antifouling applications. These coatings combine inorganic and organic materials, offering enhanced stability and adaptability, making them ideal for protecting surfaces from fouling. This review covers key antifouling strategies from the past decade, including biocidal additives, fouling resistance, release mechanisms, and surface topological modifications. The sol–gel hybrid systems prevent biofilm formation and organism attachment by leveraging molecular interactions, making them particularly useful in marine environments. Additionally, the study emphasizes the coatings’ environmental benefits, as they offer a potential alternative to traditional toxic antifouling methods. Overall, this research underscores the importance of sol–gel technologies in advancing eco-friendly antifouling solutions.
Evaluating Google Maps’ Eco-Routes: A Metaheuristic-Driven Microsimulation Approach
Authors: Jovanovic Aleksandar , Gavric Slavica , Stevanovic Aleksandar
Published: November 2024

Eco-routing, as a key strategy for mitigating urban pollution, is gaining prominence due to the fact that minimizing travel time alone does not necessarily result in the lowest fuel consumption. This research focuses on the challenge of selecting environmentally friendly routes within an urban street network. Employing microsimulation modelling and a computer-generated mirror of a small traffic network, the study integrates real-world traffic patterns to enhance accuracy. The route selection process is informed by fuel consumption and emissions data from trajectory parameters obtained during simulation, utilizing the Comprehensive Modal Emission Model (CMEM) for emission estimation. A comprehensive analysis of specific origin–destination pairs was conducted to assess the methodology, with all vehicles adhering to routes recommended by Google Maps. The findings reveal a noteworthy disparity between microsimulation results and Google Maps recommendations for eco-friendly routes within the University of Pittsburgh Campus street network. This incongruence underscores the necessity for further investigations to validate the accuracy of Google Maps’ eco-route suggestions in urban settings. As urban areas increasingly grapple with pollution challenges, such research becomes pivotal for refining and optimizing eco-routing strategies to effectively contribute to sustainable urban mobility.
Impact of Geographic Location on Risks of Fintech as a Representative of Financial Institutions
Authors: Popova Yelena , Cernisevs Olegs , Popovs Sergejs
Published: November 2024

The activities of contemporary financial institutions require significant geographic expansion. Even the increased level of industry digitalisation does not minimise the importance of the physical assets of financial institutions. The environmental factors specific to each geographic region can significantly influence the efficiency of operations of financial institutions. The goal of the article is to determine the impact of the geographic location of physical assets via environmental risks affecting the other risks of fintech as a representative of financial institutions. The impact is determined by the employment of the PLS-SEM model implemented in SmartPLS 4.0 software. The model determines the impact of environmental risks on governance risks, operational risks, human resources and safety risks, ICT risks, compliance risks, and strategic risks. These groups of risks form the latent variables, which comprise the experts’ estimation of threats and vulnerabilities impacts and their likelihoods. After testing five hypotheses, two of them were supported—environmental risks impact human resources safety risks and operational risks.
The REGENERATE Study: A Non-Randomized Feasibility Study of an Intervention to REduce anticholinerGic burdEN in oldER pATiEnts
Authors: Nakham Athagran , Bond Christine , Cruickshank Moira , Newlands Rumana , Myint Phyo Kyaw
Published: November 2024

Background: Anticholinergic burden (ACB) from medications has been associated with adverse outcomes in older adults. Aim: The aim was to conduct a non-randomized feasibility study of an intervention to reduce the anticholinergic burden in older patients (REGENERATE) to inform a subsequent definitive trial. Methods: The development and evaluation of an ACB reduction intervention was guided by the Medical Research Council framework. Findings from preliminary studies, two systematic reviews, and two qualitative studies informed the design of a mixed-method feasibility study. The study was conducted in one UK primary care site. The clinical pharmacist identified and invited potentially eligible patients, reviewed their medications, and made recommendations to reduce the ACB as needed. Patients completed surveys at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks post-intervention. A purposive sample of patients and healthcare professionals was interviewed. Results: There was a response of 16/20; 14/16 attended the pharmacist-led consultation and completed the baseline questionnaire, and 13/14 completed both follow-up questionnaires. The sustainability of deprescribing was confirmed. The results suggest the potential of the intervention to reduce side effects from medications and improve quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). The interviews showed patients were happy with the study processes and the medication changes and were satisfied with the pharmacist’s consultation. Conclusions: This feasibility study demonstrated that a deprescribing/reducing ACB intervention in older adults is feasible in a primary care setting and may benefit patients. Well-designed RCTs and cost-effectiveness studies should be undertaken to confirm the benefits of ACB deprescribing in primary care settings.
Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes Towards HPV and Its Vaccination Among Women in the Medina Region: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tobaiqi Muhammad Abubaker , Albouq Rawaf Adel , Ban Ahmad Mustafa , Alharbi Abeer Khalid , Alhejaili Razan Abdulrahman , Alrefaei Hanan Mohammed , Alahmadi Atheer Mubarak , Jaan Sara Mohammed , Alshinqiti Asmaa Abdulmajeed , Alraddadi Shahad Ali , Alraddadi Abdulaziz Ali , Altowairqi Fahad M. , Almalki Ibrahim S. , Albadrani Muayad
Published: November 2024

Background: HPV represents one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide, with significant adverse clinical consequences such as cervical cancer. However, the knowledge and awareness regarding HPV and its vaccination, particularly among Saudi women, are still under debate. Our study aims to investigate the knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward HPV and its vaccines among women in the Medina region. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2024 to September 2024 in women aged more than 18 years and residing in Medina. The collected data included information regarding women’s demographics, knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward HPV and its vaccination. All the statistical analyses were executed using SPSS. Results: A total of 721 participants enrolled in our study after adequate completion of the online questionnaire. The majority of the population (45.2%) is aged 18–25 years, with 51.3% of participants being single regarding marital status. A total of 59.4% of the participants have heard about HPV, 37% know that it is sexually transmitted, and 37.4% know about its ability to cause cervical cancer. Social media and the internet were the primary sources of information regarding the HPV vaccine, with 41.6% thinking that the HPV vaccine can be effective against HPV infection. Around 40% of the participants showed an attitude toward receiving the HPV vaccine as they feel they are at risk. The educational status and monthly income were notably associated with the overall knowledge and awareness regarding HPV and its vaccine. Conclusions: Our descriptive cross-sectional study highlights the significant gap in knowledge and awareness regarding HPV and its vaccine, with a lack of awareness identified as the commonest barrier preventing people from receiving the HPV vaccination. Hence, enhancing the knowledge and awareness level is essential to increase vaccination rates.
Urinary Incontinence (UI) in Saudi Female Population: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Alharbi Abrar H. , Almasry Ruba H. , Alsaywid Basim , Kaleemullah Ahlam , Khodri Ahmed T. , Hariri Farss S. , Lamy Salahadin H. , Almaddah Talah O. , Lytras Miltiadis D.
Published: November 2024

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent health concern among women globally. However, its prevalence, associated risk factors, and impact on quality of life among Saudi women remain underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of UI, identify its risk factors, and understand its impact on the quality of life among Saudi women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed Saudi women aged between 18 and 50 years. Participants were recruited from shopping malls to reflect a diverse demographic. The questionnaire included detailed questions about the participants’ experiences with urinary incontinence, their lifestyle and health-related risk factors, and the impact of the condition on various aspects of their daily lives. Results: The study found a 32.4% prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) among 516 women. Risk factors included age, marital status, BMI, childbirth, and vaginal surgery. UI prevalence increased with age and was more common in married women, women who had children, and those with vaginal surgery history. However, only 29.3% sought medical advice, and 55.2% reported no improvement after consultation. Urinary incontinence impacted respondents’ lives in several ways with 38.9% reporting limitations in social activities, approximately 50% experiencing some degree of impact on household tasks, and about 19.4% facing significant or extreme impact on job or daily activities. Conclusions: UI has a substantial prevalence among Saudi women and significantly affects their quality of life. The study underscores the need for increased awareness, routine screening, and timely medical consultation for the effective management of UI.
Qigong Therapy for Stress Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Oh Jung-Ho , Sung Soo-Hyun , Park Jang-Kyung , Jang Soobin , Shin Byung-Cheul , Lee Sangnam
Published: November 2024

Background/objective: Althouth Qigong is commonly used to manage stress, anxiety, and depression, there have been no systematic reviews on Qigong therapy for stress management. This study aimed to analyze the clinical evidence of Qigong therapy for perceived stress. Methods: We conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Qigong using 11 electronic databases, namely MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, CINAHL, and Korean Medical databases (Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Korean traditional knowledge portal, KoreaMed, OASIS, RISS, and the National Library of Korea). We considered RCTs in which participants with perceived stress with no restrictions on age, gender, or ethnicity. Two reviewers independently assessed risk of bias of the included RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Nine RCTs (China: n = 5, South Korea: n = 2, United States: n = 1, Brunei Darussalam: n = 1) were included in the systematic review. Results: The quality of the included trials was generally low, as only one was rated as high quality. For the primary outcome, a meta-analysis of two RCTs showed statistically significant results on the perceived stress scale comparing the Qigong therapy group with the no-treatment group (OR −0.60; 95% CI −1.02 to −0.17; p = 0.006). The results of three other studies showed that Qigong therapy had no significant effect compared to active-control therapy on the perceived stress scale outcome (OR −2.10; 95% CI −4.68 to 0.47; p = 0.11). Regarding the secondary outcomes, including depression, anxiety scale, and quality of life, the Qigong group showed statistical improvements in most studies; however, there was no difference in the pain scale between the two groups. In two studies, no adverse events occurred, whereas in one study, six cases (24% of participants) of mild muscle soreness were reported. Conclusions: This systematic review suggests the potential of Qigong therapy for stress management; however, it is difficult to draw specific conclusions. Future studies should standardize Qigong interventions and outcomes, establish sham control groups, and include larger sample sizes in RCTs.
Physical Activity Levels and Women’s Mental Health After COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Stamenković Miloš , Pantelić Saša , Bubanj Saša , Petković Emilija , Aksović Nikola , Preljević Adem , Bjelica Bojan , Dobrescu Tatiana , Şlicaru Adina-Camelia
Published: November 2024

Background: The aim of this research is to investigate the associations between physical activity and mental health parameters (depression, anxiety, and stress) among women who have recovered from COVID-19; Methods: This research involved two measurements: the initial test, conducted 2-to-4 weeks post-COVID infection, and the final test, performed 14-to-16 weeks after the virus’s activity. The sample consisted of women (n = 190) aged 20 to 60 (47.60 ± 11.1, 47.60 ± 11.1, mean ± Std.Dev.) who were infected with COVID-19. To assess the level of physical activity, a longer version of the IPAQ questionnaire was used. Self-assessment of mental health was determined by a longer version of the DASS questionnaire; Results: The t-test analysis revealed significant differences in mental health and physical activity levels between the initial and final measurements. After three months, subjects showed lower mental health scores (indicating improvement) and higher Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) values across all physical activity domains, with moderate physical activity showing the greatest increase. The regression analysis showed that at the initial measurement, there was no statistically significant association of physical activity with mental health parameters. Three months after the initial measurement, regression analysis showed that there was a statistically significant association of physical activity with anxiety (F = 3.97; p = 0.000) and depression (F = 3.34; p = 0.001) but not with stress (F = 1.67; p = 0.106); Conclusions: This research revealed that higher levels of physical activity improved mental health in post-COVID-19 women, with varying effects on anxiety and depression depending on the activity domain.
Influence of Perceived Maternal Self-Efficacy on Exclusive Breastfeeding Initiation and Consolidation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Saavedra Sanchez Steven , Rodríguez-Gallego Isabel , Leon-Larios Fatima , Andina-Diaz Elena , Perez-Contreras Rosa , Gonzalez-Sanz Juan D.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Different international organizations recommend exclusive breastfeeding during the neonate’s first six months of life; however, figures of around 38% are reported at the global level. One of the reasons for early abandonment is the mothers’ perception of supplying insufficient milk to their newborns. The objective of this research is to assess how mothers’ perceived level of self-efficacy during breastfeeding affects their ability to breastfeed and the rates of exclusive breastfeeding up to six months postpartum. Methods: A systematic review for the 2000–2023 period was conducted in the following databases: Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and CINAHL. Original articles, clinical trials, and observational studies in English and Spanish were included. Results: The results comprised 18 articles in the review (2006–2023), with an overall sample of 2004 participants. All studies were conducted with women who wanted to breastfeed, used the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale or its short version to measure postpartum self-efficacy levels, and breastfeeding rates were assessed up to 6 months postpartum. Conclusions: The present review draws on evidence suggesting that mothers’ perceived level of self-efficacy about their ability to breastfeed affects rates of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months postpartum. High levels of self-efficacy are positively related to the establishment and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding; however, these rates decline markedly at 6 months postpartum
The Validation of the Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire (SCQ) and SCQ Short Form in an English-Speaking U.S. Population: A Patient-Reported Measure of Compassion in Healthcare
Authors: Chen Claire , Yee Brianna , Sutton Jenna , Ho Sabrina , Cabugao Paul , Johns Natalie , Saucedo Raul , Norman Kaden , Bassett Charlton H. , Batra Kavita , Singh Aditi , Sinclair Shane
Published: November 2024

Background: Compassion is recognized as a key component of high-quality healthcare. The literature shows that compassion is essential to improving patient-reported outcomes and fostering health care professionals’ (HCPs) response and resilience to burnout. However, compassion is inherently difficult to define, and a validated tool to reliably quantify and measure patients’ experience of compassion in healthcare settings did not exist until recently. The Sinclair Compassion Questionnaire (SCQ) was compared to six similar tools in 2022 and emerged as the most reliable tool to assess compassion. The purpose of our study was to validate the SCQ in an English-speaking U.S. population. Methods: A total of 272 patients completed our survey, which included the SCQ and 17 demographic-related questions. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to establish the construct validity of the SCQ and also the five-item version, the SCQ Short Form (SCQ-SF). Results: The CFA confirmed a good model fit, with factor loadings ranging from 0.81 to 0.93. Further analysis showed strong reliability, ranging from 0.866 to 0.957, and with an overall Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96. Conclusions: This study validates the SCQ and SCQ-SF in an English-speaking U.S. population and provides researchers and HCPs with a reliable psychometric tool to measure compassion across healthcare settings.
An Evaluation of Medication Adherence in New Tuberculosis Cases in Ankara: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ozaltun Sahin Can , Akin Levent
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the factors influencing adherence with tuberculosis medication therapy. Non-adherence can result in treatment failure, ongoing infectiousness, and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, understanding the reasons behind non-adherence is crucial for achieving the World Health Organization’s target of 90% treatment success. Methods: Data were collected prospectively from a cohort at three different tuberculosis dispensaries (TBDs), with participants being followed up with at face-to-face visits every two months for a total of three visits. Results: In this study, the adherence rates among participants were the highest during the intensive treatment phase (81.0% at the first follow-up) but declined during the continuation phase, reaching 69.4% at the second follow-up (at the end of the fourth month of treatment) and 71.1% at the third follow-up (at the end of the sixth month of treatment) according to self-reports for the past 30 days. According to the generalised estimating equations method, factors significantly associated with better adherence included knowledge of infectiousness, daily access to medication, workplace permissions, high household income, regular sleep patterns, extrapulmonary TB, secondary education, and no alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Non-adherence with anti-TB medication has been observed in patients with TB, particularly during the continuation phase of treatment. Interventions targeting patients who experience frequent forgetfulness, adverse drug reactions, or a lack of workplace flexibility may help to improve adherence. In addition, providing personalised health education that highlights the risks of non-adherence and emphasises the infectious nature of TB could improve understanding and commitment to treatment. Ensuring regular follow-ups and support, particularly for those with lower socioeconomic status or limited social support, can further reinforce the importance of adherence in TB treatment outcomes.
The Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions in Promoting the Health Literacy of Informal Caregivers: A Systematic Literature Review Protocol
Authors: Valentim Patrícia , Costa Paulo , Henriques Adriana , Nogueira Paulo , Costa Andreia
Published: November 2024

Background: Digital Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) offer significant opportunities to enhance public health, particularly through their strategic use in promoting health literacy. Objectives: This systematic review protocol aims to outline the methodological steps necessary to conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of digital interventions in improving health literacy among informal caregivers. Methods: This review will include studies involving adult informal caregivers (≥18 years) undergoing a digital health intervention promoting health literacy. Intervention, effectiveness or efficacy, RCT, quasi-experimental, and observational studies will be eligible. This review will follow the methodology for Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The search strategy will identify studies published in the databases SCOPUS and Web of Science, as well as CINAHL (via EBSCO) and PubMed and gray literature sources. Two in-dependent reviewers will screen the studies, extract data, and critically appraise the selected studies. It is planned that the risk of bias will be assessed using the RoB2, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions). From the included studies, data will be extracted on the identification of the study, the aim of the study, characteristics of the population, study method and intervention and control conditions, study variables, and significant results. Conclusions: It is anticipated that the results of the study will guide healthcare professionals and managers in incorporating digital technologies into health literacy programs for informal caregivers. Whenever possible, a statistical meta-analysis will be performed to combine study results. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42024589465.