bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Homozygous splice‐site mutation c.78 + 5G>A in PMP22 causes congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy
Authors: Wu Rui , Fu Jun , Meng Lingchao , Lv He , Wang Zhaoxia , Zhirong Jia , Yuan Yun
Published: November 2019

Congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy (CHN) presents in the neonatal period and results in delayed development of sensory and motor functions due to several gene mutations including in EGR2, MPZ, CNTNAP1, and PMP22. The phenotype of homozygous splice‐site mutation in the PMP22 gene has not been described in humans or animal models. Here we describe a family carrying a pathogenic splice‐site c.78 + 5G>A mutation in the PMP22 gene. We evaluated the clinical, electrophysiological, histological, and genetic features of the family. The proband with homozygous mutation presented with CHN, while his consanguineous parents with heterozygous mutation were asymptomatic. The proband was a 7‐year‐old boy. He had motor retardation after birth and had remained unable to walk independently at the time of the study. The compound muscle action potentials and sensory nerve action potentials were not recordable in the boy. The motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities of the parents were slightly to moderately decreased, although they had no symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. The sural nerve biopsy of the boy revealed hypomyelinating neuropathy with absence of large myelinated fibers, no myelin breakdown products, and numerous basal lamina onion bulb formations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a homozygous splice‐site mutation in the PMP22 gene in humans. Our study expands the phenotype and genotype of PMP22‐related neuropathy.
Valence‐dependent brain potentials of processing augmented feedback in learning a complex arm movement sequence
Authors: Krause Daniel , Koers Timo , Maurer Lisa Katharina
Published: November 2019

ERPs in the EEG were scrutinized in learning a complex arm movement sequence with the aim to examine valence effects on processing augmented feedback during practice. Twenty‐four healthy subjects practiced one session with 192 feedback trials according to an adaptive bandwidth feedback approach with a high informational level of feedback information (i.e., amplitude and direction of errors). The bandwidth for successful performance (increase of a score for a monetary competition) was manipulated to yield a success rate (positive feedback frequency) of approximately 50% adaptive to the current performance level. This allowed a variation of feedback valence unconfounded by success rate. In line with our hypotheses, the EEG data showed a valence‐dependent feedback‐related negativity (FRN) and a later fronto‐central component at the FCz electrode as well as a P300 component at the Pz electrode. Moreover, the P300 and amplitudes in the FRN time window reduced in the second half of practice but were still dependent on feedback valence. Behavioral adjustments were larger after feedback with negative valence and were predicted by the late fronto‐central component. The data support the assumption of feedback valence‐dependent modulation of attentional cognitive involvement in motor control and learning.
Skin blood flow response to topically applied methyl nicotinate: Possible mechanisms
Authors: Elawa Sherif , Mirdell Robin , Farnebo Simon , Tesselaar Erik
Published: November 2019

Background

Methyl nicotinate (MN) induces a local cutaneous erythema in the skin and may be valuable as a local provocation in the assessment of microcirculation and skin viability. The mechanisms through which MN mediates its vascular effect are not fully known. The aim of this study was to characterize the vasodilatory effects of topically applied MN and to study the involvement of nitric oxide (NO), local sensory nerves, and prostaglandin‐mediated pathways.

Methods

MN was applied on the skin of healthy subjects in which NO‐mediated (L‐NMMA), nerve‐mediated (lidocaine/prilocaine), and cyclooxygenase‐mediated (NSAID) pathways were selectively inhibited. Microvascular responses in the skin were measured using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI).

Results

NSAID reduced the MN‐induced perfusion increase with 82% (P < .01), whereas lidocaine/prilocaine reduced it with 32% (P < .01). L‐NMMA did not affect the microvascular response to MN.

Conclusion

The prostaglandin pathway and local sensory nerves are involved in the vasodilatory actions of MN in the skin.
Intra‐abdominal infections among adult intestinal and multivisceral transplant recipients in the 2‐year post‐operative period
Authors: Spence Amanda Blair , Natarajan Madhuri , Fogleman Sarah , Biswas Roshni , Girlanda Raffaele , Timpone Joseph
Published: November 2019

Background

Intestinal and multivisceral transplantations are treatment options for patients with intestinal failure. Transplantation is often complicated by abdominal and/or bloodstream infections in the post‐operative period.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of all adults who underwent intestinal or multivisceral transplantation at our institution from 2003 to 2015 was performed. Data were collected for 2 years post transplant.

Results

A total of 106 intestinal or multivisceral transplants were performed in 103 patients. The median age at the time of transplant was 44 (IQR: 34‐52) with 55% (n = 58) male and 45% (n = 48) female. There were 46 (43%) intra‐abdominal infections post transplant among the 103 patients, and six transplant recipients (13%) developed concurrent bloodstream infections. The median time to first intra‐abdominal infection was 23 days (IQR: 10‐48). For those with organisms isolated in culture, forty‐seven percent of the isolates were gram negative, 39% gram positive, 7% anaerobes, and 7% yeast. The most common isolates were enterococci at 28%, E. coli at 14%, and Klebsiella spp at 13%. Sixty‐three percent of the enterococci were vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE), and 22% of the gram‐negative isolates were extended spectrum beta‐lactamases (ESBLs). Patients with intra‐abdominal infections had longer hospital post‐transplant length of stays at a median of 35 days (IQR: 25‐48) vs 23 days (IQR: 17‐33) for those without infections, P = .0012. There was no difference in all‐cause mortality in patients with or without intra‐abdominal infections, P = .654.

Conclusions

Intra‐abdominal infections are common in intestinal or multivisceral transplant recipients, but despite this complication, we found no increased risk of mortality. These transplant recipients are also at risk for infection with drug‐resistant organisms.
Titin splicing regulates cardiotoxicity associated with calpain 3 gene therapy for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A
Authors: Lostal William , Roudaut Carinne , Faivre Marine , Charton Karine , Suel Laurence , Bourg Nathalie , Best Heather , Smith John Edward , Gohlke Jochen , Corre Guillaume , Li Xidan , Elbeck Zaher , Knöll Ralph , Deschamps Jack-Yves , Granzier Henk , Richard Isabelle
Published: November 2019

Preclinical studies demonstrate the potential of calpain 3 gene therapy for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A while avoiding cardiotoxicity.
Early antiretroviral therapy in neonates with HIV-1 infection restricts viral reservoir size and induces a distinct innate immune profile
Authors: Garcia-Broncano Pilar , Maddali Shivaali , Einkauf Kevin B. , Jiang Chenyang , Gao Ce , Chevalier Joshua , Chowdhury Fatema Z. , Maswabi Kenneth , Ajibola Gbolahan , Moyo Sikhulile , Mohammed Terence , Ncube Thabani , Makhema Joseph , Jean-Philippe Patrick , Yu Xu G. , Powis Kathleen M. , Lockman Shahin , Kuritzkes Daniel R. , Shapiro Roger , Lichterfeld Mathias
Published: November 2019

Antiretroviral treatment initiation immediately after birth reduces HIV-1 viral reservoir size and alters innate immune responses in neonates.
Promising disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M.
Published: November 2019

To date, there is no disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease; however, promising new agents have advanced into clinical trials.
Hodgkin lymphoma presenting as alcohol-induced back pain
Authors: Ma Lucy , Varma Sanskriti , Niranjan-Azadi Ashwini
Published: November 2019

A 32-year-old Chinese man without significant medical history presented with a 2-month history of worsening lumbosacral back pain radiating to the groin and left lower extremity. He also described a shooting pain in the sciatic nerve distribution that began with and was exacerbated by alcohol consumption, a rare but known symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). On exam, an anterior chest wall mass was noted. Radiographic evaluation of an anterior mediastinal mass showed osseous erosion into the manubrium. MRI of the lumbar spine showed diffuse osseous disease of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine with extension into the right sacroiliac joint and S2 neural foramen without vertebral body collapse or stenosis. Tissue biopsy revealed nodular sclerosis HL, stage IVB IPS2. The patient was primary refractory to ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) therapy. Salvage ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide) chemotherapy was used and then followed by non-myeloablative haploidentical bone marrow transplant was performed on 5 March 2019.
Schizo-obsessive disorder and neurosurgery for schizophrenia
Authors: Howard Calvin
Published: November 2019

Schizophrenia likely represents a cluster of diseases presenting with delusions, hallucinations, disorganised behaviour and disorganised thought. Currently, medical therapy struggles to treat a substantial portion of patients, but with improved stratification of component diseases, it may be possible to better understand and treat schizophrenia. The overlap between schizophrenia, schizo-obsessive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder is discussed within the context of a clinical case and neuroimaging data. Furthermore, the use of obsessive-compulsive disorder deep brain stimulation protocols for schizo-obsessive disorder is discussed and may yield an advance in neurosurgical treatment of psychiatric conditions.
Altered brain microstructure in association with repetitive subconcussive head impacts and the potential protective effect of jugular vein compression: a longitudinal study of female soccer athletes
Authors: Myer Gregory D , Barber Foss Kim , Thomas Staci , Galloway Ryan , DiCesare Christopher A , Dudley Jonathan , Gadd Brooke , Leach James , Smith David , Gubanich Paul , Meehan III William P , Altaye Mekibib , Lavin Philip , Yuan Weihong
Published: November 2019

Purpose

To (1) quantify white matter (WM) alterations in female high school athletes during a soccer season and characterise the potential for normalisation during the off-season rest period, (2) determine the association between WM alterations and exposure to repetitive subconcussive head impacts, and (3) evaluate the efficacy of a jugular vein compression collar to prevent WM alterations associated with head impact exposure.

Methods

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were prospectively collected from high school female soccer participants (14–18 years) at up to three time points over 9 months. Head impacts were monitored using accelerometers during all practices and games. Participants were assigned to a collar (n=24) or non-collar group (n=22). The Tract-Based Spatial Statistics approach was used in the analysis of within-group longitudinal change and between-group comparisons.

Results

DTI analyses revealed significant pre-season to post-season WM changes in the non-collar group in mean diffusivity (2.83%±2.46%), axial diffusivity (2.58%±2.34%) and radial diffusivity (3.52%±2.60%), but there was no significant change in the collar group despite similar head impact exposure. Significant correlation was found between head impact exposure and pre-season to post-season DTI changes in the non-collar group. WM changes in the non-collar group partially resolved at 3 months off-season follow-up.

Discussion

Microstructural changes in WM occurred during a season of female high school soccer among athletes who did not wear the collar device. In comparison, there were no changes in players who wore the collar, suggesting a potential prophylactic effect of the collar device in preventing changes associated with repetitive head impacts. In those without collar use, the microstructural changes showed a reversal towards normal over time in the off-season follow-up period.
Exercise treatment effect modifiers in persistent low back pain: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 3514 participants from 27 randomised controlled trials
Authors: Hayden Jill A , Wilson Maria N , Stewart Samuel , Cartwright Jennifer L , Smith Andrea O , Riley Richard D , van Tulder Maurits , Bendix Tom , Cecchi Francesca , Costa Leonardo O P , Dufour Ninna , Ferreira Manuela L , Foster Nadine E , Gudavalli Maruti R , Hartvigsen Jan , Helmhout Pieter , Kool Jan , Koumantakis George A , Kovacs Francisco M , Kuukkanen Tiina , Long Audrey , Macedo Luciana G , Machado Luciana A C , Maher Chris G , Mehling Wolf , Morone Giovanni , Peterson Tom , Rasmussen-Barr Eva , Ryan Cormac G , Sjögren Tuulikki , Smeets Rob , Staal J Bart , Unsgaard-Tøndel Monica , Wajswelner Henry , Yeung Ella W
Published: November 2019

Background

Low back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Exercise therapy is widely recommended to treat persistent non-specific low back pain. While evidence suggests exercise is, on average, moderately effective, there remains uncertainty about which individuals might benefit the most from exercise.

Methods

In parallel with a Cochrane review update, we requested individual participant data (IPD) from high-quality randomised clinical trials of adults with our two primary outcomes of interest, pain and functional limitations, and calculated global recovery. We compiled a master data set including baseline participant characteristics, exercise and comparison characteristics, and outcomes at short-term, moderate-term and long-term follow-up. We conducted descriptive analyses and one-stage IPD meta-analysis using multilevel mixed-effects regression of the overall treatment effect and prespecified potential treatment effect modifiers.

Results

We received IPD for 27 trials (3514 participants). For studies included in this analysis, compared with no treatment/usual care, exercise therapy on average reduced pain (mean effect/100 (95% CI) −10.7 (−14.1 to –7.4)), a result compatible with a clinically important 20% smallest worthwhile effect. Exercise therapy reduced functional limitations with a clinically important 23% improvement (mean effect/100 (95% CI) −10.2 (−13.2 to –7.3)) at short-term follow-up. Not having heavy physical demands at work and medication use for low back pain were potential treatment effect modifiers—these were associated with superior exercise outcomes relative to non-exercise comparisons. Lower body mass index was also associated with better outcomes in exercise compared with no treatment/usual care. This study was limited by inconsistent availability and measurement of participant characteristics.

Conclusions

This study provides potentially useful information to help treat patients and design future studies of exercise interventions that are better matched to specific subgroups.

Protocol publication

https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-1-64
Implementation of maternal and perinatal death reviews: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kinney Mary V , Walugembe David Roger , Wanduru Phillip , Waiswa Peter , George Asha S
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR), or any related form of audit, is a systematic process used to prevent future maternal and perinatal deaths. While the existence of MPDSR policies is routinely measured, measurement and understanding of policy implementation has lagged behind. In this paper, we present a theory-based conceptual framework for understanding MPDSR implementation as well as a scoping review protocol to understand factors influencing MPDSR implementation in low/ middle-income countries (LMIC).

Methods and analysis

The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research will inform the development of a theory-based conceptual framework for MPDSR implementation. The methodology for the scoping review will be guided by an adapted Arksey and O’Malley approach. Documents will include published and grey literature sourced from electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, JSTOR, LILACS), the WHO Library, Maternal Death Surveillance and Response Action Network, Google, the reference lists of key studies and key experts. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full studies for inclusion. All discrepancies will be resolved by an independent third party. We will include studies published in English from 2004 to July 2018 that present results on factors influencing implementation of MPDSR, or any related form. Qualitative content and thematic analysis will be applied to extracted data according to the theory-based conceptual framework. Stakeholders will be consulted at various stages of the process.

Ethics and dissemination

The scoping review will synthesise implementation factors relating to MPDSR in LMIC as described in the literature. This review will contribute to the work of the Countdown to 2030 Drivers Group, which seeks to explore key contextual drivers for equitable and effective coverage of maternal and child health interventions. Ethics approval is not required. The results will be disseminated through various channels, including a peer-reviewed publication.
Updating genetic relationship matrices and their inverses: a methodology note
Authors: Nilforooshan Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2019

Most of the calculations for genetic relationship matrices and their inverses utilized in recent (t + 1) evaluations for populations of interest can be avoided by updating these matrices at t evaluations for only new animals. This study describes and develops existing methods for updating pedigree-based and marker-based relationship matrices and their inverses. Updating some of the matrices could benefit from parallel computing.
Central exclusive diffractive production of two-pion continuum at hadron colliders
Authors: Ryutin R. A.
Published: November 2019

Calculations of central exclusive diffractive di-pion continuum production are presented in the Regge–eikonal approach. Data from ISR, STAR, CDF and CMS were analyzed and compared with the theoretical description. We also consider theoretical predictions for LHC, possible nuances and problems of calculations and prospects of investigations at present and future hadron colliders.
The experimental study on low frequency sound transmission characteristics of the acoustic black hole
Authors: Liang Xiao , Zhou Zhuo , Wu Jiu Hui
Published: November 2019

The acoustic black hole has good sound insulation performance in low frequency range. The transmission and insulation characteristics of acoustic black hole is investigated by experiments. First, we study the transmission and insulation characteristics of the acoustic black hole by numerical simulation. Second, we studied the sound transmission characteristic of multi-level acoustic black hole. Finally, the sound transmission and insulation characteristics of the acoustic black hole are studied by experiments. The influence of the acoustic black hole tip’s diameter on sound insulation coefficient is studied. The sound transmission characteristics of the first, two and three level acoustic black holes are also studied by experiments. Our numerical results show that low frequency acoustic energy can be effectively focused at the tip of the acoustic black hole, and can be effectively insulated by the acoustic black hole. Our numerical results are verified by the experimental results. Our study can provide a feasible method for controlling the low frequency noise.
Modelling and Analysis of Elliptical Cantilever Device Using Flexure Method and Fabrication of Electrospun PVDF/BaTiO3 Nanocomposites
Authors: Tamil Selvan Ramadoss , Jayathilaka W. A. D. M. , Chinappan Amutha , Alam Hilaal , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: November 2019

Cantilever-based piezoelectric has been the most preferred technique for energy harvesting and sensing application due to its simple design. The energy conversion efficiency has been continuously improved by exploring alternative cantilever geometries by increasing the stress distribution on the beam surface. In this paper, we have introduced half elliptical and full elliptical profile modification in the cantilever structure to improve and uniformly distribute the stress at the beam surface. Stress distribution characteristics of the modified cantilever beams were investigated and compared using finite element analysis. Based on the theoretical and finite element analysis, cantilever beams were fabricated using 3D print technology. Fabricated cantilever beams were then used to investigate the piezoelectric performances of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in composite of barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoparticles in the form of electrospun composite nanofibers. FTIR analysis shows successful conversion of alpha phase to beta phase of PVDF and PVDF/BaTiO3 nanocomposites. During 6[Formula: see text]Hz cyclic actuating experiment, maximum voltage output of 0.15[Formula: see text]V and 1.5[Formula: see text]nA current output were observed. The concept was proposed to replace MEMS-based sensor in hand tremor quantification to assist Parkinson disease management.
Study on the Role of the Inclusion Complexes with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for Oral Administration of Amiodarone
Authors: Creteanu Andreea , Pamfil Daniela , Vasile Cornelia , Tantaru Gladiola , Ghiciuc Cristina Mihaela , Ochiuz Lacramioara , Ghilan Alina , Macsim Ana Maria
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to improve the solubility of amiodarone hydrochloride (AMD) and the drug release using its inclusion complexes with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). The inclusion complexes were prepared by coprecipitation and freeze-drying. The solubility enhancement of AMD/HP-β-CD inclusion complexes by 4–22 times was evaluated by the phase solubility method. The inclusion complexes were studied both in solution and in solid state by spectroscopic methods, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analysis, SEM, and DSC. The formulations of AMD/HP-β-CD inclusion complexes both as powdered form and as matrix tablets showed superior pharmacokinetic performance in improving loading and release properties in respect of those of the insoluble AMD drug. In vitro kinetic study reveals a complex mechanism of release occurring in three steps: the first one being attributed to a burst effect and the other two to different bonding existing in inclusion complexes. An in vivo test on matrix tablets containing Kollidon® and chitosan also reveals a multiple (at least two) peaks release diagram because of both structures of the inclusion complexes and also of different sites of absorption in biological media (digestive tract).
Metformin Ameliorates Testicular Damage in Male Mice with Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes through the PK2/PKR Pathway
Authors: Liu Yuning , Yang Zhen , Kong Dongbo , Zhang Youzhi , Yu Wei , Zha Wenliang
Published: November 2019

Approximately 90% of male diabetes mellitus patients have varying degrees of testicular dysfunction. The molecular mechanism underlying diabetes-induced testicular damage has not been thoroughly elucidated. In this research, we sought to determine the influence of metformin (Met) on diabetes-induced testicular injury and the mechanism involved with a focus on testicular dysfunction, apoptosis, autophagy, and prokineticin 2 (PK2) signalling. In our study, C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, the diabetes group, and the Met-treated group. Streptozotocin (50 mg·kg-1·d-1) was injected intraperitoneally into the mice for 5 days in a row to induce type 1 diabetes, which was diagnosed by a blood glucose level≥16.7 mmol/L after 7 days. The experimental animals were orally administered Met (250 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 16 weeks. Properties of testicular function, including sperm motility and the total concentration of epididymal sperm, were assessed. Changes in testicular structure, such as the blood-testis barrier, histological pathology, and organelles, were observed. The levels of apoptosis and expression of related proteins, such as Bax and Bcl-2, were measured. Moreover, autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1, p62, and LC3B, as well as the PK2/PKR pathway, which consists of PK2, PKR1, PKR2, AKT, and GSK3β, were analysed. Upon the induction of diabetes, reproductive capacity was significantly impaired and a disordered arrangement of testicular seminiferous tubules and destroyed organelles in spermatogenic cells was observed. Met administration preserved testicular function and structure. In addition, in mice with diabetes, the levels of PK2, PKR2, p-Akt, and p-GSK3β were significantly decreased at different times, while that of PKR1 was markedly increased, and these changes were normalized by Met. Furthermore, diabetic mice showed increased apoptosis and decreased autophagy in the testes, the effects of which were nullified by Met. These results suggest that Met rescues diabetes-induced testicular damage by attenuating apoptosis and inducing autophagy. This effect is likely mediated by the PK2/PKR/AKT/GSK3β signalling pathway.
A Method Combining CNN and ELM for Feature Extraction and Classification of SAR Image
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Xiaomin , Hao Yan
Published: November 2019

Due to the large number of Sigmoid activation function derivation in the traditional convolution neural network (CNN), it is difficult to solve the question of the low efficiency of extracting the feature of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. The Sigmoid activation function in the CNN is improved to be a rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function, and the classifier is modified by the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). Finally, in this CNN model, the improved CNN works as the feature extractor and ELM performs as a recognizer. A SAR image recognition algorithm based on the CNN-ELM algorithm is proposed by combining the CNN and the ELM algorithm. The experiment is conducted on the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) database which contains 10 kinds of target images. The experiment result shows that the algorithm can realize the sparsity of the network, alleviate the overfitting problem, and speed up the convergence speed of the network. It is worth mentioning that the running time of this experiment is very short. Compared with other experiment on the same database, it indicates that this experiment has generated a higher recognition rate. The accuracy of the SAR image recognition is 100%.
Comparison of ExPress Implantation and Partial Deep Sclerectomy Combined with ExPress Implantation and Simultaneous Phacoemulsification
Authors: Frączkiewicz-Skok Marietta , Konopińska Joanna , Mariak Zofia , Rękas Marek
Published: November 2019

Background. To compare the effectiveness and safety profile of ExPress implantation versus partial deep sclerectomy combined with ExPress implantation and simultaneous phacoemulsification. Patients and Methods. A prospective, randomized control study with 24-month follow-up was performed. 114 eyes were included, of which 42 eyes underwent phacoemulsification with simultaneous implantation of the Ex-Press device (ExPress), and deep sclerectomy with phacoemulsification and simultaneous implantation of the Ex-Press device (DS-ExPress) was performed in 72 eyes. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), the number of antiglaucoma medications, and the rate of complications. Surgical success was defined as complete (without antiglaucoma medications) with IOP ≤18 mmHg in criterion A, IOP ≤16 mmHg in criterion B, and IOP ≤12 mmHg in criterion C. Satisfactory success was defined as the same IOP levels for individual criteria with a maximum of 2 antiglaucoma medications. Results. Before the procedure, mean IOP in the ExPress group was 17.5 ± 4.7 mmHg; after 24 months, it decreased by 13% to 16.0 ± 3.0 mmHg (P<0.05). In the DS-ExPress group, mean IOP reduced from 16.3 ± 4.4 mmHg to 14.3 ± 3.3 mmHg (P<0.05), which was a 9% reduction compared to the initial value. In the DS-ExPress group, 65.9% of the patients did not use topical pharmacotherapy, and the same is true for 29.2% of the ExPress group (P=0.004). Conclusions. This modification is efficient in surgical treatment of glaucoma, especially when very low postoperative IOP is needed. A less amount of antiglaucoma medicines are needed.
Recombinant Klotho Protects Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Regulating Mitochondrial Function and the Antioxidant System during H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Chen Huan , Huang Xiaojun , Fu Chuanqiang , Wu Xiayi , Peng Yingying , Lin Xuefeng , Wang Yan
Published: November 2019

Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are a favourable source for tissue engineering, but oxidative stress conditions during cell culture and transplantation could affect stem cell viability and stemness, leading to failed regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and protective effects of Klotho, an antiageing protein, against cell damage and the loss of osteogenesis in hPDLSCs in H2O2-induced oxidative environments. H2O2 was used as an exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce oxidative stress. Recombinant human Klotho protein was administered before H2O2 treatment. Multitechniques were used to assess antioxidant activity, cell damage, and osteogenic ability of hPDLSCs in oxidative stress and the effects of Klotho on hPDLSCs. Mitochondrial function was analyzed by an electron microscopy scan of cellular structure, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Furthermore, we explored the pathway by which Klotho may function to regulate the antioxidant system. We found that pretreatment with recombinant human Klotho protein could enhance SOD activity and reduce intracellular oxidative stress levels. Klotho reduced H2O2-induced cellular damage and eventually maintained the osteogenic differentiation potential of hPDLSCs. Notably, Klotho promoted mitochondrial function and activated antioxidants by negatively regulating the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway. The findings suggest that Klotho protein enhanced the antioxidative ability of hPDLSCs and protected stem cell viability and stemness from H2O2-induced oxidative stress by restoring mitochondrial functions and the antioxidant system.
Image Super Resolution Using Fractal Coding and Residual Network
Authors: Hua Zhen , Zhang Haicheng , Li Jinjiang
Published: November 2019

Fractal coding techniques are an effective tool for describing image textures. Considering the shortcomings of the existing image super‐resolution (SR) method, the large‐scale factor reconstruction performance is poor and the texture details are incomplete. In this paper, we propose an SR method based on error compensation and fractal coding. First, quadtree coding is performed on the image, and the similarity between the range block and the domain block is established to determine the fractal code. Then, through this similarity relationship, the attractor is reconstructed by super‐resolution fractal decoding to obtain an interpolated image. Finally, the fractal error of the fractal code is estimated by the depth residual network, and the estimated version of the error image is added as an error compensation term to the interpolation image to obtain the final reconstructed image. The network structure is jointly trained by a deep network and a shallow network. Residual learning is introduced to greatly improve the convergence speed and reconstruction accuracy of the network. Experiments with other state‐of‐the‐art methods on the benchmark datasets Set5, Set14, B100, and Urban100 show that our algorithm achieves competitive performance quantitatively and qualitatively, with subtle edges and vivid textures. Large‐scale factor images can also be reconstructed better.
Merits of Different Ventricular Lead Locations on Left Ventricular Myocardial Strain and Dyssynchrony in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Algazzar Alaa S. , Elbably Mohamed M. , Katta Azza A. , Elmeligy Neama  , Elrabbat Khaled , Qutub Mohammed A.
Published: November 2019

Background: The idea behind cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is to pace both ventricles resulting in a synchronized electro-mechanical coupling of the left ventricle (LV), meaning every effort should be made to improve the percentage of CRT responders. Objectives: This study aimed at demonstrating the short-term effect of right ventricular apical (RVA) and mid-septal (RVS) lead locations combined with different LV lead positions on LV myocardial strain, dyssynchrony, and clinical outcomes. Methods: We examined 60 patients with indication for CRT before and after 6 months of implantation for clinical outcome and CRT response (6-min walk test [6MWT], NYHA class, decrease in left ventricular end systolic volume [LVESV] by >15%), dyssynchrony, and myocardial strain. Results: After 6 months of follow-up, the two RV lead locations represented a significant improvement in 6MWT, left ventricular ejection fraction, and LVESV in comparison to baseline values, but no significant difference was found between both groups. With regards to NYHA class improvement, p values were insignificant between the groups (0.44 and 0.88) at baseline and 6 months after implantation, respectively. The mean 6MWT was 273.8 m in the RVA group compared to 279.0 m in the RVS group (p = 0.84) at baseline. After 6 months of CRT implantation, the 6MWT mean was 326.5 m in the RVA group compared to 316.2 m in the RVS group (p = 0.74). The posterolateral cardiac vein site showed a significant improvement when combined with RVS location in interventricular and intraventricular dyssynchrony, global longitudinal strain, global circumferential strain, and apical circumferential strain (p = 0.01 0.032, 0.02, 0.005, and 0.049), respectively. Conclusion: RVS is not inferior and provides a good alternative to RVA pacing in short-term follow-up. However, the QRS duration, myocardial strain, and dyssynchrony varies depending on RV and LV stimulation sites. Long-term morbidity and mortality outcomes according to LV lead location in coronary sinus need more assessment.
Addition of Endothelin A-Receptor Blockade Spoils the Beneficial Effect of Combined Renin-Angiotensin and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition: Studies on the Course of Chronic Kidney Disease in 5/6 Nephrectomized Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Čertíková Chábová Věra , Kujal Petr , Vaňourková Zdeňka , Škaroupková Petra , Sadowski Janusz , Kompanowska-Jezierska Elzbieta , Tesař Vladimír , Hammock Bruce , Imig John , Maxová Hana , Červenka Luděk , Vaněčková Ivana
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Previous studies in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats (TGR) after 5/6 renal ablation (5/6 NX) have shown that besides pharmacological blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) also increasing kidney tissue epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) levels by blocking soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for degradation of EETs, and endothelin type A (ETA) receptor blockade retards chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. This prompted us to evaluate if this progression will be alleviated by the addition of sEH inhibitor and ETA receptor antagonist to the standard complex blockade of RAS (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor plus angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker) in rats with established CKD. Methods: The treatment regimens were initiated 6 weeks after 5/6 NX in TGR, and the follow-up period was 60 weeks. Results: The addition of sEH inhibition to RAS blockade improved survival rate, further reduced albuminuria and renal glomerular and kidney tubulointerstitial injury, and attenuated the decline in creatinine clearance – all this as compared with 5/6 NX TGR treated with RAS blockade alone. Addition of ETA receptor antagonist to the combined RAS and sEH blockade not only offered no additional renoprotection but, surprisingly, also abolished the beneficial effects of adding sEH inhibitor to the RAS blockade. Conclusion: These data indicate that pharmacological strategies that combine the blockade of RAS and sEH could be a novel tool to combat the progression of CKD. Any attempts to further extend this therapeutic regimen should be made with extreme caution.
Use of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicines for Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Conceptional Framework for Risk-Benefit Assessment and Regulatory Approaches
Authors: Holtmann Gerald , Schrenk Dietmar , Madisch Ahmed , Allescher Hans D. , Ulrich-Merzenich Gudrun , Mearin Fermin , Larrey Dominique , Malfertheiner Peter
Published: November 2019

Background: Herbal or complementary medicines are frequently used for the treatment of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). Regulatory requirements for herbal therapies are inconsistent and, in many jurisdictions, herbal therapies are either self-, minimally- or unregulated. Aim: To provide guidance for the appropriate and safe use of herbal medicines in patients with FGID patients with special consideration of the regulatory frameworks. Methods: A PubMed search of the literature was performed; relevant articles were included. Results: Similar to chemically defined therapies herbal medicines can cause adverse events. Thus, a risk-benefit appraisal should be undertaken for these therapies. While there is no disease specific mortality in FGID patients, patients with FGID who fail to respond to “empiric” chemically defined therapies undergo diagnostic and therapeutic measures that can be associated with appreciable morbidity and mortality. Thus, effective herbal treatments that subsequently reduce health-care utilization, reduce risks related to diagnostic or therapeutic measures that are initiated if no improvement of symptoms occurs. This “protective” effect of effective treatments for FGID needs to be taken in consideration when the risks and benefits of treatments are determined. In addition, standards that mirror regulations for chemically defined treatments should apply and the components of the respective preparations should undergo ongoing toxicological testing and rigorous quality assurance measures (including pharmacovigilance) applied. Conclusions: Some herbal therapies offer significant benefits for patients with FGID. To ensure the safety of these treatments, the regulatory requirements should mirror requirements for chemically defined treatments.
Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation for the Treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Multicenter Safety Study of the OkuStim® System (TESOLA-Study)
Authors: Jolly Jasleen K. , Wagner Siegfried K. , Martus Peter , MacLaren Robert E. , Wilhelm Barbara , Webster Andrew R. , Downes Susan M. , Charbel Issa Peter , Kellner Ulrich , Jägle Herbert , Rüther Klaus , Bertelsen Mette , Bragadóttir  Ragnheiður , Prener Holtan Josephine , van den Born L. Ingeborgh , Sodi Andrea , Virgili Gianni , Gosheva Mariya , Pach Johanna , Zündorf Ida , Zrenner Eberhart , Gekeler Florian
Published: November 2019

Background: Transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) has been suggested as a possible treatment for retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Objective: To expand the safety assessment of repeated applications of an electrical current from a DTL-like electrode in patients with RP. Methods: This single-arm open label interventional safety trial included a total of 105 RP patients from 11 European centers, who received weekly TES for 6 months on 1 eye followed by observation for another 6 months without stimulation. The primary outcome measure was safety, indicated by the frequency and severity of adverse events. Secondary measures included intraocular pressure and central retinal thickness. Visual field and visual acuity were examined using the methods available at each site. Results: Dry eye sensation was the most common adverse event recorded (37.5%). Serious adverse events secondary to TES were not observed. Most adverse events were mild and all resolved without sequelae. The secondary outcome measures revealed no significant or clinically relevant changes. Conclusion: The present results confirm the excellent safety profile of TES. Transient dry eye symptoms were the most common adverse event.
Conceptions of Masculinity in the Scrolls and the Gendered Emotion of Anger
Authors: Mermelstein Ari
Published: November 2019

This paper considers the sectarian construction of masculinity as it pertains to the emotion of anger. The hegemonic masculinity in antiquity reserves legitimate expressions of anger for men. Sectarian anger, which is a hierarchical emotion bound up in power relations, likewise reflects the sectarian conception of masculinity.

The sect’s view of anger approximates Aristotle’s insistence that anger should be limited to certain circumstances and in relation to certain people. Intra-sectarian anger is inappropriate because it endangers the spirit of love or respect for high-status members that should characterize sectarian relations. Anger toward outsiders, however, is not only permitted but expected. The sect’s awareness of the coming “day of vengeance” demands that they align themselves with God by passing judgment on the sinner. By properly calibrating their manliness through the emotion of anger, the sect navigates a fine line between assertions of power and an acknowledgement that their power ultimately is attributable to God.
Afterlife of the Hebrew/Aramaic Component of Judeo-Greek in Non-standard Varieties of Modern Greek
Authors: Krivoruchko Julia G.
Published: November 2019

The article presents fourteen case studies of the Judeo-Greek lexemes of Hebrew and Aramaic origin that have passed into the dialects and sub-standard sociolects of Modern Greek, and aims at improving their lexicological and etymological analysis. Starting with a brief description of the sources, it continues with a reconstruction of the semantic development of Hebrew/Aramaic loanwords and their derivatives on the background of typological parallels from other Jewish and non-Jewish languages.
White Supremacy and Counseling Psychology: A Critical–Conceptual Framework
Authors: Grzanka Patrick R. , Gonzalez Kirsten A. , Spanierman Lisa B.
Published: November 2019

The mainstreaming of White nationalism in the United States and worldwide suggests an urgent need for counseling psychologists to take stock of what tools they have (and do not have) to combat White supremacy. We review the rise of social justice issues in the field of counseling psychology and allied helping professions and point to the limits of existing paradigms to address the challenge of White supremacy. We introduce transnationalism as an important theoretical perspective with which to conceptualize global racisms, and identify White racial affect, intersectionality, and allyship as three key domains of antiracist action research. Finally, we suggest three steps for sharpening counseling psychologists’ approaches to social justice: rejecting racial progress narratives, engaging in social justice-oriented practice with White clients, and centering White supremacy as a key problem for the field of counseling psychology and allied helping professions.
Sociopolitical, Cultural, and Historical Contexts That Influence Counseling Practice in Four Countries
Authors: Ægisdóttir Stefanía , Leach Mark M. , Romano John L. , Tomlinson-Clarke Saundra , Canel-Çınarbaş Deniz
Published: November 2019

In this article, we provide examples of how historical and sociopolitical events have shaped the development of psychology and psychological services in Iceland, South Africa, Thailand, and Turkey. These examples are offered to (a) enhance international competencies related to the countries’ cultures, ecological system, and subsystems, and (b) inspire counseling psychologists to collaborate with colleagues around the world on efforts to indigenize psychology paradigms and promote accessible service delivery systems. Common themes across these countries indicated that (a) provision of psychological services is highly influenced by the biomedical model of mental health, (b) access to mental health care is influenced by cost and stigma, and (c) a limited connection exists between traditional healing practices and Western-based diagnostic and mental health services. In all countries there was a struggle for greater recognition of psychological services; in Iceland, Thailand, and Turkey, counseling psychology is not recognized as a legally sanctioned profession. Suggestions are offered for internationally competent counseling psychologists who intend to promote the provision of culturally responsive psychological services worldwide.
‘Forward Petitions to NEWA for Whatever Guidance and Assistance, if any’: Post-War Demobilisation Conundrum in Nigeria, 1946–1951
Authors: Mordi Emmanuel Nwafor
Published: November 2019

In this article, the Nigerian Ex-Servicemen’s Welfare Association is critically examined as an institutional mechanism Britain deployed to gauge and regulate the reintegration of Nigerian ex-servicemen into civilian life. It draws on Nigerian archival sources to establish that the demobilisation instrument, wartime recruitment promises and the skills ex-servicemen acquired during their military service had raised their hopes of gainful, post-war resettlement. However, the Nigerian Ex-Servicemen’s Welfare Association, formed in 1946 by the government and led by British military personnel, became a buffer between ex-servicemen and the government and part of the regulatory officialdom that hampered the processing of the veterans’ petitions.
Effects of ceramic particle size on cell attachment and viability in polyurethane-based bone adhesive composites
Authors: Erken Meryem , Tevlek Atakan , Hosseinian Pezhman , Topuz Bengisu , Aydin Halil Murat
Published: November 2019

Millions of people require bone injury treatment and there have been many methods suggested for the stabilization of bone fractures. The need for the development of new methods is obvious since current stabilization methods are inadequate. Here, we described the development of polyurethane-based bone adhesives composites containing β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics in different sizes and ratios. To characterize the proposed materials, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, hydrogen-nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry analyses together with scanning electron microscopy observations, and micro-computerized tomography imaging were examined. Furthermore, in vitro performance of the produced materials was tested by using MG63 human osteosarcoma cell line, and an ex vivo modeling study was conducted to test the mechanical performance of resulting materials using bovine rib bone. All materials were exhibited high porosity (above 90%) and homogeneous distribution of ceramic particles. Polyurethane scaffolds containing 40% (w/w) 1–2 mm β-tricalcium phosphate were shown the highest compressive strength as 1.34 ± 0.10 MPa. In addition, 85.75% cell viability was recorded according to the cytotoxicity analysis and also the cell proliferation was found highest in the same group. Taken into account the obtained results, the prepared polyurethane-based bone adhesive materials containing ceramics has a great potential to transform into a final product and meet a clinically significant medical need.