bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment towards mine closure within IPPKH (Permit of Using Forest Area): Study case of a coal mining Licence at Taba Penanjung, Central Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: Suhartoyo Hery , Budianto Agus , Aulita Tassya , Wiryono Wiryono
Published: March 2023

Mine closure is an inevitable event within the mining business; however, post-mining land use is always intended for further beneficial use for further development, mostly to reach a landscape that sustain and give further benefit after the mining operation has finished. One of the mining licence schemes is the permit of using forest area (IPPKH). One of the mining companies at Central Bengkulu has experienced phasing out production towards mine closure. The query is how the mining-affected area can be reclaimed and rehabilitated to become a healthy forest ecosystem. This study aimed to assess the closure criteria based on mine closure regulations. Data were collected from stages of operation according to assessment of mine closure, particularly from rehabilitation sites. The results indicate that rehabilitation sites showed significant re-vegetation of mining-affected areas (dumping area and in-pit backfilling area) and progression to become forested areas, as depicted by structural development of re-forested sites. The overall score is within the suitable range of “good post-mine closure” but require examination and supervision if after mining, the areas are expected to have economic value.
Insect visits and variation of floral temperatures during blossoming of Rafflesia gradutensis
Authors: Yansen Yansen , Manik R.J. , Senoadji G.
Published: March 2023

The survival of parasitic plant Rafflesia depends on the host plant, habitat condition, vegetational types, , pollination and the dispersal of seeds. This study aims to investigate visits by insects and variation in floral temperatures of Rafflesia gradutensis during flowering. The flower was observed to be visited by green fly Lucilia sericata and weaver ant Oecophylla sp. The number of visits L. sericata was 617 times and 337 times by Oecophylla sp, in which most of the visits occur during mid-day. The average observed highest surface temperatures of were 28.40C (perigone) and 28.70C (diaphragm), which were slightly above the air temperature of 27.80C. The temperature experiences a gradual increase from the morning till the noon, and then it decreased toward late afternoon. The results of the floral temperatures indicate endothermy in R. gradutensis. However, thermo-regulation related to endothermy needs further investigation.
Analysis of carrying capacity in Jambi Province
Authors: Nasution E.E. , Mulyo J.H. , Suryantini A.
Published: March 2023

The increasing population in Jambi Province and intensive land conversion from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector have caused a decrease in the function of agricultural land in producing food needs. One of the methods to assess the potential of food production capability to fullfillment sustainable food needs of population in an area is the carrying capacity of agricultural land. This research aims to: (1) Examine the status of the carrying capacity in Jambi Province, (2) Project the carrying capacity and needs of land capable of providing sufficient food for every resident of Jambi Province in 2025. The results showed that in general Jambi province has not been able to self-sufficient in food. The projection of the need for agricultural land to fullfillment food needs of population in Jambi Province in 2025 will increase to more than 106 percent. Based on the analysis, its inform that the importance of treatment in increasing the carrying capacity of good land by increasing harvested area and agricultural productivity.
Leaf extract of Strychnos ligustrina Blume inhibited Propionibacterium acnes growth in vitro
Authors: Hardiyanti S. , Rahayuningsih S. , Suherman M.P. , Mardawati E. , Supriadi S. , Sembiring B. , Harsonowati W.
Published: March 2023

Propionibacterium acnes plays an important role in inducing skin inflammatory mediators and comedogenic acne. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Strychnos ligustrina Blume leaf extract against P. acnes. This study was an in-vitro experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) testing five concentrations of ethanolic extract of S. ligustrina leaves. The control treatment was the antibiotic Kindamicin. The anti-bacterial evaluation of the extract was carried out on Mueller-Hinton agar media by using the diffusion method. The inhibition zone was assessed according to NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). Analysis and interpretation of the results used 95% ANOVA (α: 0.05). The results of the study showed that S. ligustrina leaf extract inhibited the bacterial growth of P. acnes. The minimum concentration of the extract that inhibited the growth of P. acne was 25% with a diameter inhibition zone of 4.13 ± 0.13 mm, while the highest concentration of the undiluted extract was 7.88 ± 0.67 mm. Compared to the standard antibiotic Kindamycin (positive control), the ethanolic leaf extract of S. ligustrina was less effective having an inhibition zone of 24.81 ± 0.54 mm. The study suggests that S. ligustrina leaf extract has antimicrobial effects on P. acnes and may be further studied as an herbal remedy for acne.
The effectiveness of essential oils as a biofungicide and potassium fertilizers in control of rubber leaf fall disease (Corynespora sp.)
Authors: Putra S. , Ferry Y. , Heryana N.
Published: March 2023

Corynespora causes leaf fall disease in rubber plants. Control can be done with bio fungicides and potassium fertilizer. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of essential oils and potassium fertilizer in controlling rubber leaf fall disease. The research was conducted from January to December 2018 in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan. The study used a randomized block design with 13 treatments repeated 3 times. The treatment is without biofungicide and KCl, citronella oil + (KCl 250 g, 312.5 g, and KCl 375 g), clove oil + (KCl 250 g, 312.5 g, and 375 g), liquid smoke + (KCl 250 g, 312.5 g, and 375 g), chemical fungicides (mancozeb) + (KCl 250 g, 312.5 g, and 375 g). The results showed that citronella oil, clove oil, and liquid smoke had the same inhibitory power as chemical fungicides. The combination of citronella oil with fertilizer KCl 312.5 g/plant/year and clove oil with KCl 375 g/plant/year can reduce the intensity of Corynospora attack up to 7.33% with inhibition of rubber leaf fall disease reaching 90.09% and can maintain yield of 28.1-28.3 g/tapping (94.33%). KCl fertilizer increased the lignin content of rubber leaves by 22.63%.
Interference of wood decay, growth, and infection ofGanoderma boninenseby ligninolytic fungi from herbaceous plants
Authors: Suwandi S. , Cendrawati M.A. , Herlinda S. , Suparman S.
Published: March 2023

Basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused byGanoderma boninenseis the most destructive disease in oil palm plantations. Herbaceous plants such as arrowroot, cocoyam, and canna were reported to interfere with theGanodermadisease of oil palm under mixed planting on non-sterilized soil. This study aimed to determine the role of the ligninolytic fungi isolated from herbaceous plants on wood decay, mycelial growth, and infection ofGanoderma boninense. A total of 24 ligninolytic fungal isolates were isolated from arrowroot, cocoyam, and canna plant and grouped into 6 types of wood decay interaction, namely (1) neutral, (2) negative interference to the herbaceous isolates, (3) negative interference to both fungi, (4) negative interference toGanoderma, (5) negative interference to the herbaceous isolates and positive forGanoderma, and (6) positive interference in both fungi. Ligninolytic fungi from cocoyam and canna plants were able to negatively interfere with theGanodermawood decay, inhibit the colony, and reduce the initial root infection of oil palm. Keywords: antagonistic in vitro,Ganoderma boninense, ligninolytic fungi, root necrosis, wood decay.
Proposal of a quantitative approach integrating radioactive and chemical risks
Authors: Vaillant L. , Maitre M. , Lafranque E. , Schneider T. , Wasselin V.
Published: March 2023

A number of situations lead to risks associated with both radionuclides and chemicals exposures: management of contaminated sites, NORM industries, management of indoor air quality, occupational risks, etc. Risk assessment and risk management associated with chemical and radioactive substances are based on different approaches and risk metrics, making it possibly hard to compare those risks and to manage risks in a commensurate way. This article presents a method to express health risk using a common metric, the DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Year), which is used among others by WHO to guide public health policies. The proposed approach, allowing for comparison, hierarchy and aggregation of risks associated with exposure to ionizing radiations and chemical substances, can support communication and dialog between stakeholders on complex situations.
Nur einfach eine Fazialisparese?
Authors: Heckelmann Jan , Dafotakis Manuel
Published: March 2023

Der 56-jährige passionierte Hobbygärtner stellte sich in der
Notaufnahme vor, nachdem er vor 5 Tagen eine leichte Gesichtslähmung der
rechten Seite entwickelt hatte. Da nur der Mund „etwas schief“
gewesen sei und nur wenig Kopfschmerzen bestanden hätten, habe er sich
nichts dabei gedacht und Ibuprofen eingenommen, worunter die Beschwerden auch erst
einmal besser geworden seien. Seit gestern nun sei die Lähmung aber
stärker geworden.
GPA und MPA bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Holl-Wieden Annette , Morbach Henner , Benoit Clemens , Schmalzing Marc
Published: March 2023

Die Antineutrophile cytoplasmatische Antikörper (ANCA)-assoziierten Vaskulitiden (AAVs) sind systemische Vaskulitiden, die vor allem die kleinen Blutgefäße betreffen und mit dem Vorhandensein von Autoantikörpern, den sogenannten ANCA, assoziiert sind. Zu den AAV werden die Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA, früher Wegener-Granulomatose), die Mikroskopische Polyangiitis (MPA) und die Eosinophile Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (EGPA, früher Churg-Strauss-Syndrom) gerechnet. AAV sind im Kindes- und Jugendalter sehr selten. Sie müssen aber bei unklaren Organmanifestationen und unklarer Inflammation in die differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegungen miteinbezogen werden. Die frühzeitige Diagnosestellung und richtige Therapie sind entscheidend, da die Erkrankungen lebens- oder organbedrohend verlaufen können. Obwohl sich die klinische Symptomatik bei Kindern und bei Erwachsenen ähnelt, gibt es einige Unterschiede. Die Therapie der AAV im Kindes- und Jugendalter basiert auf Studien von Erwachsenen, wodurch insbesondere in der optimalen Dosierung der eingesetzten Medikamente Fragen offen bleiben. Die aktuellen Therapiestrategien haben das Outcome signifikant verbessert, dennoch besteht ein hohes Risiko für Rezidive und vor allem bei Kindern ein hohes Risiko für Vaskulitis-assoziierte Folgeschäden. Intensivere Forschungsaktivitäten zur Pathogenese und Behandlung der AAV bei Kindern sind dringend notwendig, um die Effektivität und das Risiko der Behandlung bei Kindern zu beurteilen und das langfristige Outcome der komplexen Erkrankung zu verbessern.
Metabolic Alterations in Streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Muntingia calabura Extract via 1H-NMR-based
Metabolomics
Authors: Zolkeflee Nur Khaleeda Zulaikha , Wong Pei Lou , Maulidiani M. , Ramli Nurul Shazini , Azlan Azrina , Abas Faridah
Published: March 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic endocrine disorder caused by decreased insulin concentration or poor insulin response. Muntingia calabura (MC) has been used traditionally to
reduce blood glucose levels. This study aims to support the traditional claim of MC as a functional food and blood-glucose-lowering regimen. The antidiabetic potential of MC is tested on a
streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic rat model by using the 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach. Serum biochemical analyses reveal that treatment with 250 mg/kg
body weight (bw) standardized freeze-dried (FD) 50% ethanolic MC extract (MCE 250) shows favorable serum creatinine (37.77 ± 3.53 µM), urea (5.98 ± 0.84 mM) and glucose (7.36 ± 0.57 mM)
lowering capacity, which was comparable to the standard drug, metformin. The clear separation between diabetic control (DC) and normal group in principal component analysis indicates the
successful induction of diabetes in the STZ-NA-induced type 2 diabetic rat model. A total of nine biomarkers, including allantoin, glucose, methylnicotinamide, lactate, hippurate, creatine,
dimethylamine, citrate and pyruvate are identified in ratsʼ urinary profile, discriminating DC and normal groups through orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Induction of
diabetes by STZ-NA is due to alteration in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, gluconeogenesis pathway, pyruvate metabolism and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Oral treatment with
MCE 250 in STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats shows improvement in the altered carbohydrate metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolic pathway, as well as purine and homocysteine metabolism.
Survey on Training Satisfaction among German Neurosurgical Trainees
Authors: Lawson McLean Anna Cecilia , Maurer Stefanie , Nistor-Gallo Dorothea , Moritz Ina , Tourbier Meriem
Published: March 2023

Background There has been a fivefold increase of neurosurgeons over the last three decades in Germany, despite a lesser increase in operations. Currently, there are approximately 1,000 neurosurgical residents employed at training hospitals. Little is known about the overall training experience and career opportunities for these trainees.

Methods In our role as resident representatives, we implemented a mailing list for interested German neurosurgical trainees. Thereafter, we created a survey including 25 items to assess the trainees' satisfaction with their training and their perceived career prospects, which we then distributed through the mailing list. The survey was open from April 1 until May 31 2021.

Results Ninety trainees were enrolled in the mailing list and we received 81 completed responses to our survey. Overall, 47% of the trainees were very dissatisfied or dissatisfied with their training. Sixty-two percent of the trainees reported a lack of surgical training. Fifty-eight percent of trainees found it difficult to attend courses or classes and only 16% had consistent mentoring. There was an expressed desire for a more structured training program and mentoring projects. In addition, 88% of trainees were willing to relocate for fellowships outside their current hospitals.

Conclusions Half of the responders were dissatisfied with their neurosurgical training. There are various aspects that require improvement, such as the training curriculum, structured mentoring, and reduction of the amount of administrative work. We propose the implementation of a modernized structured curriculum, which addresses the mentioned aspects, in order to improve neurosurgical training and, consecutively, patient care.
Quality of life: predictors and outcomes after stroke in a Brazilian public hospital
Authors: Rosa Camila Thieime , Zonta Marise Bueno , Lange Marcos Christiano , Zétola Viviane de Hiroki Flumignam
Published: March 2023

Background Some scales are applied after stroke to measure functional independence but qualify of life (QoL) is sometimes neglected in this scenario.

Objective To analyze predictors and outcomes of QoL after stroke using a validated scale in our population.

Methods Our study included patients who had their first ischemic stroke and were followed in the outpatient clinic for at least 6 months from stroke index. Disability status was assessed using the modified Rankin scale (mRS), the Barthel index (BI), and the Lawton and Brody scale. Quality of life was assessed by a stroke-specific QoL (SSQoL) scale. Statistical significance was accepted for p < 0.05. The estimated measure of association was the odds ratio (OR) for which 95% confidence intervals (95%Cis) were presented.

Results Of 196 patients studied, the median age was 60.4 (±13.4) years, and 89 (45.40%) of the patients were female. In a stepwise model considering risk factors, basic activities of daily living scales, satisfaction with life, and outcomes, we found four independent variables related to a poor QoL after stroke, namely hypertension, non-regular rehabilitation, not returning to work, and medical complications. The National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score at admission ≥ 9 was also an independent clinical marker. Approximately 30% of all participants had a negative score under 147 points in the SSQoL.

Conclusions Our results showed that QoL after stroke in a developing country did not seem to differ from those of other countries, although there is a gap in rehabilitation programs in our public system. The functional scales are important tools, but they have failed to predict QoL, in some patients, when compared with specific scales.
Profile of neurological disorders in a tertiary center of education in orthopedics
Authors: Vilaça Celmir de Oliveira , Souza Fabio de , Barbato Kelly Biancardini Gomes
Published: March 2023

Background Neurological conditions can cause secondary orthopedic disorders and can result from orthopedic surgical procedures. In addition, misdiagnosis and overtreatment involve both specialties. Epidemiological studies of neurological patients in tertiary units are often performed in emergency departments of general hospitals or rehabilitation centers.

Objective Describe the clinical and epidemiologic profile of neurological disorders in a Brazilian federal tertiary center and education hospital in orthopedics in Rio de Janeiro.

Methods We performed a retrospective study of the medical records of patients attended by neurology specialists of the internal medicine's department of the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics from February 2014 to March 2020.

Results We reviewed neurological referrals in the medical records of 1,349 patients in the period. The mean age of patients was 49.67 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 18.99). There was a predominance of females, corresponding to 751 (55.7%) patients. Regarding ethnicity, 684 (50.7%) participants were white, 550 (40.8%) non-white, and 115 (8.5%) non-classified. Peripheral neuropathies (34.1%), osteoarticular diseases (10%), epilepsy (8.3%), developmental disorders (7.9%), and neuromuscular diseases (7.3%) were the 5 groups with the largest numbers of cases.

Conclusion The sample consisted mostly of females and white individuals, and approximately one third of the cases were of peripheral neuropathies. Epidemiological studies in neurology from tertiary centers of another medical specialty can improve the professional development of both specialties. This interdisciplinary approach can also optimize resources, help avoid misdiagnosis, and reduce disability.
Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia: Surgical Management and Long-Term Outcomes at a Referral Center in Mexico City
Authors: Lopez-Garibay Luis Alejandro , Guevara-Valmaña Osvaldo , Telich-Tarriba Jose Eduardo , Navarro-Barquín David Felipe , Haro-Alvarez Natalia , Andrade-Delgado Laura , Martínez-Wagner Rogelio
Published: March 2023

Background Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (CFD) is an uncommon benign condition in which a bone is replaced by fibrous tissue. An adequate clinical characterization considering the number of affected bones and functional impairment is important to determine the most effective surgical intervention for its management. This study aims to present our institution's experience in the evaluation and management of CFD.

Methods This was a retrospective study that included patients with CFD managed at our institution. Data included demographic characteristics, afflicted bones, surgical procedures performed, and recurrence. Results are presented as mean and percentages. Recurrence-free years and association between the type of surgery and recurrence was evaluated.

Results Eighteen patients were included (11 females, 61%). The zygomatic, maxillary, and frontal bones were the most commonly affected with eight (18%) cases each. The most common procedure was bone burring, with 36 procedures. Recurrence was more prevalent after burring (58.3%) and occurred earlier than in the bone resection group (13 vs. 15 years, p > 0.05).

Conclusion Surgery continues to be the cornerstone of CFD treatment. Bone burring is effective for debulking and contouring but increases the risk for recurrence. An individualized approach should be tailored according to the anatomical location of the disease, type of CFD, behavior of the lesion, and accompanying clinical complaints.
Beliefs, economics, and spatial regimes in voting behavior: the Turkish case, 2007–2018
Authors: Gündem Fırat
Published: March 2023

The Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP) came to power in 2002, and since then has never received <34% of nationwide voter support in Turkish general elections. Recent research focuses on the Economic Voting Theorem (EVT), specifically the varieties of pocketbook or sociotropic voting, as the primary explanation for the AKP’s successive electoral victories. However, this approach fails to adequately explain the ongoing electoral support for the AKP at both national and local levels, even under poor economic performance. It also fails to consider the impact of the spatial components of peripheral sociologies. This study employs the comparative method with EVT and Center–Periphery (C–P) phenomena in order to understand the dominant characteristics of voting behavior from a spatial perspective. Although EVT and C–P explanations take part in the literature, a limited number of studies measure and visualize the impact of those from a spatial perspective. In order to distinguish between the effects of EVT and C–P the study utilizes an original data set that measures different socio-economic factors such as per capita growth, unemployment, inflation, education, age, religious conservatism, ethnicity, and space both at the national and local levels. The results, contrary to expectations, show that the main drivers of voting behavior for the AKP consist of a mix of both C–P and EVT while C–P factors have a greater impact. In comparison to the EVT, C–P features such as religious conservatism and ethnicity perform better as predictors of the AKP’s electoral performance than the national and local economic conditions. Also, spatial results imply that support for the AKP has different spatial regimes based on ethnic identity and there are no spatial spillovers between spatial regimes in terms of voting behavior.
The relationality of parts for narrative identity constitution in the corporate profile translations of China’s multinational corporations
Authors: Wang Li , Ang Lay Hoon , Gao Fumeng , Abdul Halim Hazlina
Published: March 2023

The corporate profile translations of multinational corporations (MNCs) in emerging economies such as China possess rich information for narrative analysis. Nevertheless, how the parts of a corporate profile translation form a whole narrative remains undertheorized. This study, therefore, examines the relationality of parts in the corporate profile translations of China’s MNCs by integrating William Labov’s narrative structure with Margaret Somers’ narrative identity theory. Specifically, we conduct a theoretical thematic analysis of how constituents form a whole narrative in relevant corporate profiles, of the shifts in the relationality of parts from the Chinese source texts (STs) to the English target texts (TTs) of these profiles, and of the influences of these shifts on the constitution of corporate identities in the target texts. Our results show that in the corporate profiles of Chinese MNCs, episodes are not randomly selected and related to each other but follow predominant patterns. However, we find no unified patterns in the shifts in the relationality of parts via the corporate profile translation of China’s MNCs. We thus reveal how corporations’ identities are constituted in diverse ways that reflect their fluid and unique features. Accordingly, our findings have implications for translation studies and corporate communications.
Investigation of the spatial distribution characteristics of multiple species in a vacuum arc
Authors: Huang Xiaolong , Yang Shangyu , Wu Zhiyun , Su Haibo , Zhao Lihua , Ning Wenjun , Jia Shenli
Published: March 2023

The spatial distribution of multiple species in a vacuum arc is an essential microscopic feature. Ionization, recombination, and species diffusion are the main factors affecting the distribution of arc particles. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of multiple species in a vacuum arc using a high-speed camera and interference filters. CuCr50 and pure copper plate electrodes were used to conduct arc-burning experiments in a demountable vacuum chamber. The distribution of different species was obtained by arranging interference filters outside the quartz glass window. The experimental results show that most neutral atoms originated from the evaporation of the electrode material and were distributed on the electrode surface. Strong ionization of ions and atoms near the cathode caused the number of single-charged ions to increase, and their ion density gradually decreased along the axial direction with increasing distance from the cathode. Double-charged ions were mainly distributed near the anode where the electron temperature was higher, and their density increased along the axial direction with increasing distance to the cathode. The above conclusions provide a basis for further research on the characteristics of microscopic particles in vacuum arcs.
An improved re-parameterized visual geometry group network for rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Chen Renwen , Liu Hao , Liu Fei , Zhang Junyi
Published: March 2023

The spectrum of data-driven fault diagnosis models is greatly expanded by deep learning. However, classical convolution and multiple branching structures have their faults in computational complexity and feature extraction. To address these issues, we propose an improved re-parameterized visual geometry group (VGG) network (RepVGG) for rolling bearing fault diagnosis. In order to meet the requirements of neural networks for the amount of data, data augmentation is performed to increase the amount of original data. Then, the original one-dimensional vibration signal is processed into a single-channel time–frequency image using the short-time Fourier transform and converted into a three-channel color time–frequency image using pseudo-color processing technology. Finally, the RepVGG model with an embedded convolutional block attention mechanism structure is developed to extract defect features from three-channel time–frequency images and perform defect classification. Two datasets of vibration data from rolling bearings are used to demonstrate the strong adaptability of this method compared with other methods.
Statistics and contrasts of order patterns in univariate time series
Authors: Bandt Christoph
Published: March 2023

Order patterns apply well to many fields, because of minimal stationarity assumptions. Here, we fix the methodology of patterns of length 3 by introducing an orthogonal system of four pattern contrasts, that is, weighted differences of pattern frequencies. These contrasts are statistically independent and turn up as eigenvectors of a covariance matrix both in the independence model and the random walk model. The most important contrast is the turning rate. It can be used to evaluate sleep depth directly from EEG (electroencephalographic brain data). The paper discusses fluctuations of permutation entropy, statistical tests, and the need of new models for noises like EEG.
Unidirectional propagation of helical edge states via exciting pseudospin d states in two-dimensional photonic crystals
Authors: Sui Wenjie , Zhang Yu , Zhang Zirui , Zhang Hongfang , Lv Zengtao , Shi Qiang , Zhang Dong , Yang Bing
Published: March 2023

Helical edge states (HESs) in two-dimensional topological spin photonic crystals can be used to realize pseudospin-locked unidirectional propagation of waves. In general, the excitation of HESs is by taking light sources carrying orbital angular momentum of order 1 to stimulate the pseudospin p states in spin photonic crystals. In this paper, we think of the HESs as combinations of the pseudospin p states and the pseudospin d states, which corresponding to the pseudospin modes carrying orbital angular momentum of order 1 and the pseudospin modes carrying orbital angular momentum of order 2, respectively, with their chirality related to the unidirectional propagations of the HESs. By analyzing the field distributions of HESs and via exciting the pseudospin d states with light sources carrying orbital angular momentum of order 2, we demonstrate the unidirectional propagation of the HESs in spin photonic crystals and verify their robustness by checking the unidirectional performance as they propagate along a Z-shape interface containing sharp corners, cavity defect, and disorders. Our study deepens understanding of the nature of HESs and expands methods to excitation and regulation of HESs in topological spin photonics.
Reversible chemical reactions model with fractional difference operator: Dynamical analysis and synchronization
Authors: Vignesh D. , Banerjee Santo
Published: March 2023

Chemical reactions form the basis of life and understanding the different patterns and unpredictable changes in the reactions are noteworthy in real life situations. The article aims at constructing a mathematical model of two step reversible chemical reactions with a Caputo fractional difference operator. The reversible reaction involves the breakdown of an ester compound in the presence of water followed by the formation of fatty acid salts from the reaction of a free fatty acid with alkali hydroxide, such as NaOH. Using bifurcation diagrams, the chaotic response exhibited by the system is illustrated for state variables with identical fractional order and variables with non-identical fractional orders. The changes in periodic states of the system are investigated for each state variables with time varying plots and maximum Lyapunov exponents using the Jacobian matrix method are presented in support of the bifurcation diagrams. The synchronization of the subsystems of the proposed system is achieved with nonlinear control functions. Numerical simulations are presented to provide comparison of commensurate and incommensurate order models. Understanding the nature of these processes has significant applications in the production of bio-fuels from vegetable oils and animal fats by a transesterification reaction.
Experimental study on the evolution of pore structure of coal samples under freeze–thaw
Authors: Chu Yapei , Zhang Dongming , Song Shuaiqi , Ouyang Kai , Liu Fei
Published: March 2023

To investigate the effect of freeze–thaw on damage and pore structure characteristics, some coal samples were freeze-thawed by freeze–thaw test machines. The evolution law of the pore structure of coal samples under freeze–thaw cycles, the porosity, and the bound and free fluid volume of coal samples under freeze–thaw were studied by low nuclear magnetic resonance, the complexity of the pore structure of coal samples under different freeze–thaw cycles was analyzed by fractal dimension, and the influence mechanism of freeze–thaw on the pore structure of coal samples was discussed. The results indicate that: (1) freeze–thaw could damage the pore and fracture structure and reduce the wave velocity of coal samples, and the wave velocity of coal samples after 120 freeze–thaw cycles decreased 66.5% compared with that of before the freeze–thaw cycle. (2) Freeze–thaw can effectively promote the development of pore and fracture. With the increase in freeze–thaw cycles, the proportion of micropores of coal samples decreases, while the proportion of mesopores and macropores gradually increases. (3) The freeze–thaw cycle can promote the increase in the coal sample porosity, and the increment of total, residual, and effective porosity is 3.47%, 1.94%, and 1.53%, respectively, after 120 freeze–thaw. (4) The fractal dimension of total, adsorption, and seepage pore of coal samples all decrease with the increase in freeze–thaw cycles, indicating that liquid nitrogen can reduce the complexity of the pore structure and weaken the heterogeneity of the pore structure.
Substrate Strain Induced Effects on Multiferroic Epilayers
Authors: Ramadurai Ranjith
Published: March 2023

Multiferroics are materials that simultaneously possess more than one ferroic ordering. The magnetoelectric coupling if any present, of these multiferroic systems are known to be strain mediated. This chapter deals with substrate strain induced effects on multiferroic systems mainly with major focus on BiFeO3 (BFO), a room temperature multiferroic. Under varying strain conditions, BFO undergoes a series of structural transformations. In this chapter, epitaxial strain experienced by BFO under artificial superlattice construction and homogeneous growth of thin films of BFO grown on LaAlO3 (LAO (001)) single crystal substrates using pulsed laser ablation are discussed. The strain relaxation phenomenon observed in many epitaxial layers is utilized to engineer the strain experienced by BFO layer and hence the structural stability of BFO is altered. The strain conditions are altered such that, a morphotropic phase diagram like behavior was achieved by altering strain conditions. The associated theoretical studies using phase field modeling was carried out and the thermodynamic stability of the rhombohedral, tetragonal and the mixed phase (R + T with monoclinic distortion) were simulated. The polarization domains of every phases were also studied and eventually a huge increment in the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of ∼46 Pm/V for the 20 nm film with mixed phase was obtained. The enhancement of the piezo/ferroelectric properties is similar to the enhanced piezo properties observed in systems possessing morphotropic phase boundary. Thus in this chapter, both experimental and theoretical studies of structural tunability of BFO under varying strain conditions and a property enhancement due to the same is discussed.
Remote sensing and geostatistics in urban water-resource monitoring: a review
Authors: Liu Zhixin , Xu Jiayi , Liu Mingzhe , Yin Zhengtong , Liu Xuan , Yin Lirong , Zheng Wenfeng
Published: March 2023

Context At present, many cities are facing severe water-resources problems caused by urbanisation. With the development of remote sensing and geostatistics, they have been widely used in urban water-resource monitoring. Aims To review and summarise the application of remote sensing and geostatistics in monitoring urban water resources and prospect for their furtherdevelopment. Methods First, bibliometrics was used to analyse the existing literature in this field. We then discuss the use of remote sensing and geostatistics to improve urban water-resources monitoring capacity, focusing on the classification of technologies and equipment and their applications in urban surface-water and urban groundwater monitoring. Finally, a look at the future research direction is taken. Conclusions In the past decade, the relevant research has shown an upward trend. The use of remote sensing and geostatistics can improve the city’s water-resource monitoring capacity, thereby promoting better use of water resources in cities. Implications In the future, with the development and addition of deep learning, remote-sensing and geographic-analysis systems can be used to conduct remote-sensing monitoring and data analysis on urban water resources more accurately, intelligently, and quickly, and improve the status of urban water resources.
Plasticity of upper thermal limits of Australian Paratya spp. (Decapoda, Atyidae) and considerations of climate-change adaptation
Authors: Cox Brendan , Reichelt-Brushett Amanda , Taffs Kathryn , Smith Ross
Published: March 2023

Context The ability of ectothermic stream invertebrates to adapt to the predicted increases in mean and extreme stream temperatures is crucial to ensuring they continue to exist. Aims To examine the plasticity of thermal limits of Australian Paratya spp. (Decapoda, Atyidae) from streams in eastern New South Wales (NSW). We hypothesised that the upper lethal temperature (ULT, as indicated by the median lethal temperature, LT50) would be higher for warm water-acclimated shrimp individuals than for winter-acclimatised shrimp individuals because of the importance of acclimatisation temperature. Methods Controlled experiments were undertaken to determine the ULT by using ramping assays for winter field-acclimatised and warm water laboratory-acclimated Paratya spp. Key results Warm water-acclimated shrimp individuals demonstrated a significantly higher LT50 of 36.1°C than did winter-acclimatised shrimp individuals at 34.6°C. Paratya spp. exhibited a limited plasticity for acclimation to warmer temperatures. Conclusions Results demonstrated the potential vulnerability of ectothermic stream invertebrates to climate change if stream temperatures increase as predicted and thermal thresholds are exceeded. Implications Understanding the ULT of stream invertebrates helps predict their ability to respond to temperature variability and response to climate change. Increasing resilience through target management of resorting riparian vegetation for shade and securing environmental flows may reduce the impacts of stream warming.
Telemonitoring for health education and self-management in South Western Sydney
Authors: Chow Josephine Sau Fan , Sykes Amanda , De Guzman Joyce , Bonfield Vicki , Maurya Nutan
Published: March 2023

Background Telemonitoring (TM) plays an important role in the self-management of chronic diseases. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of TM in early stages of chronic care for self-management and recognition of signs and symptoms of exacerbation, with a view to completing the TM program in an optimal timeframe to encourage independence and self-management. Methods This study was conducted from 2019 to 2020. Included in the study were patients with chronic conditions at an early stage of their disease residing in the South Western Sydney region. Eligible patients were allocated a TM device for 6 months. Their routine tests data were sent in real time to health care professionals. Following assessment by a TM coordinator, suitable patients were off-boarded (deactivation of monitoring device) after 6 months. Data on hospitalisation/emergency department presentation and surveys were collected to assess the impact of TM on the level of the patient’s understanding of their signs and symptoms of exacerbation, self-care, and quality of life. Results Out of 44 patients approached, seven were off-boarded at the 6-month timeframe. The follow-up data on the hospitalisation/emergency department presentation during monitoring and 12 months post off-boarding showed a reduction in the frequency of hospitalisation/nil admissions. Patients reported an increased understanding of their health condition and confidence in managing their own health with the support of TM. Conclusion The result demonstrates the feasibility of TM as a tool for health education and self-management in the coordination of care for chronic disease patients; however, the small sample size was a limitation.
Fires and their key drivers in Mexico
Authors: Montoya Laura E. , Corona-Núñez Rogelio O. , Campo Julio E.
Published: March 2023

Background Despite the regional and global effects of biomass burning at national and pantropical scales, little effort has focused on determining the influence of climate and socioeconomic conditions on fire regimes in tropical regions. Aims We explored the climate and human factors that explain remotely sensed burnt area and fire abundance in Mexico. Methods We used MCD64A1 data and climate and socioeconomic metrics to understand factors explaining the variation in number of fires and burned area. Key results The largest burned area (41.9% of the total) occurred in temperate forests, grasslands and hydrophilic vegetation, with numerous fire events of medium relative size. The next most extensive burned area (38%) was observed in croplands, with numerous small-size fires. The third group (17.8%) occurred in tropical forests, which had the smallest and most frequent fires. Finally, a fourth group (11.9%) was composed of shrublands, which showed the largest fire sizes and lowest-frequency events. The variability of burned area was related to variations in temperature and precipitation, poverty index, altitude, and distance to water bodies. Conclusions and Implications Our analysis suggests that an assessment integrating climate, human and topographic metrics predicts burned area and may improve fire forecasting in Mexico landscapes.
Disagreement strategies and institutional face attack in Chinese mainstream media editorial comments on Weibo
Authors: Xia Jie
Published: March 2023

This paper explores how readers of Chinese mainstream media editorials use disagreement strategies to attack the institutional face of the mainstream media organizations on Weibo. By quantitative and qualitative analysis, the disagreement strategies in Weibo comments were elaborated based on the logos-oriented and ethos-oriented distinction. It was found that logos-oriented disagreements were employed to criticize the content of the editorial, ethos-oriented ad-hominem disagreements were employed to attack the trustworthiness and impartiality of the mainstream media organizations, and ethos-oriented ad-personam disagreements were pure insults to express their negative emotions to the mainstream media organizations. The findings suggested that the online commenting space of Chinese mainstream media editorials is a public sphere of combined deliberation and liberal individualism. This study adds to existing literature the disagreement strategies used in online comments while shedding light on the role of online comments in the public sphere building in the Chinese social media context.
One issue, two genres
Authors: Chen Yun Han , Huang Ju Chuan
Published: March 2023

This study compares the use of interactional metadiscourse in a British newspaper, the Daily Mail, and a British news magazine, The Economist, in reporting on the Brexit referendum. We adopted Hyland’s (2005a: 48–54) framework to analyze hedges, boosters, attitude markers, engagements, and self-mentions. One hundred news articles were randomly selected from online archives from February to June in 2016, during which time the debatable issue was discussed ardently. Quantitative and qualitative results of this study revealed both similarities and differences between the newspaper and the news magazine in the use of interactional metadiscourse. For example, quantitatively, the frequencies of boosters in both genres were similar; however, the newspaper used much more engagement markers and self-mentions whereas the magazine used more hedges and attitude markers. Qualitatively, while most self-mentions were the same in both genres, a unique choice of self-mentions was found in the news magazine.
Metaphor analysis of the COVID-19 public health emergency on Chinese national news media
Authors: Zhang Cun , Lin Zhengjun
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 poses a threat to social stability globally, which requires efficacious governance and public cooperation. To handle the COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese national news media have mobilized the public to identify and collaborate with the nation. This paper investigates how war, chess, and examination metaphors, nation personification, and metonymies (i.e. the part representing the whole) are utilized in news reports and editorials to achieve the purpose. We adhere to the theoretical framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis and analyze 156 articles that are sourced from Xinhua News Agency and People’s Daily from January 22, 2020 to February 13, 2020. Besides demonstrating the specific entailments of these metaphors and metonymies, we also involve scenarios such as the ‘Heroic Fight’ scenario and the ‘Harmonious Family’ scenario. Those framing devices function to evoke patriotism and reinforce national identity by activating collective, historical, and cultural memories and evaluating in-group members positively.
Plasma zone plate for high-power lasers driven by a Laguerre–Gaussian beam
Authors: Wang Lukai , Liu Wei , Jia Qing , Zheng Jian
Published: March 2023

Plasma-based optics has emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional solid-state optics for high-power laser manipulation due to its higher damage threshold. In this work, we propose a plasma zone plate (PZP) driven by the ponderomotive force of a Laguerre–Gaussian beam when it irradiates an underdense plasma slice. We formulate the theory of the PZP and demonstrate its formation and functioning using particle-in-cell simulations. The proposed scheme may offer a new plasma-based method to manipulate high-power lasers.
High-fidelity topological quantum state transfers in a cavity–magnon system
Authors: Bao Xi-Xi , Guo Gang-Feng , Yang Xu , Tan Lei
Published: March 2023

We propose a scheme for realizing high-fidelity topological state transfer via the topological edge states in a one-dimensional cavity–magnon system. It is found that the cavity–magnon system can be mapped analytically into the generalized Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model with tunable cavity–magnon coupling. It is shown that the edge state can be served as a quantum channel to realize the photonic and magnonic state transfers by adjusting the coupling strength between adjacent cavity modes. Further, our scheme can realize the quantum state transfer between photonic state and magnonic state by changing the cavity–magnon coupling strength. With the numerical simulation, we quantitatively show that the photonic, magnonic and magnon-to-photon state transfers can be achieved with high fidelity in the cavity–magnon system. Spectacularly, three different types of quantum state transfer schemes can be even transformed into each other in a controllable fashion. The Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model based on the cavity–magnon system provides us a tunable platform to engineer the transport of photon and magnon, which may have potential applications in topological quantum processing.
Effect of tearing modes on the confinement of runaway electrons in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
Authors: Zhou Rui-Jie
Published: March 2023

The effect of tearing modes on the confinement of runaway electrons is studied in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The general tendency of the radial diffusion coefficient of runaway electrons (REs) D
r is derived based on the time response relation between the tearing modes and runaway electrons. The results indicate that, the magnetic fluctuations of tearing modes will enhance the radial diffusion of runaway electrons when the magnetic island is small. Following the increasing of the magnetic fluctuations of the tearing modes, the formed large magnetic island may weaken the radial diffusion of runaway electrons. The results can be important to understand the confinement of runaway electrons when large magnetic islands exist in the plasma.