bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of zinc oxide-decorated phytoreduced graphene oxide nanohybrid via Clerodendrum infortunatum
Authors: Umekar Mayuri , Chaudhary Ratiram , Bhusari Ganesh , Potbhare Ajay
Published: March 2021

The present paper reports eco-friendly preparation of a mesoporous phytoreduced graphene oxide (rGO)–zinc oxide (ZnO) nanohybrid (NH) using the leaf extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum as a green reducing agent at room temperature. The as-synthesized rGO–zinc oxide NH was characterized by diverse analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), ultraviolet-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), X-ray photoelectron, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, thermogravimetry and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to study its structure, morphology, surface area, porosity, thermal behavior and optical properties. XRD patterns revealed the decoration of hexagonal wurtzite zinc oxide on the surface of rGO, and its composition was confirmed by EDS. UV-DRS showed slight blueshift of the rGO–zinc oxide NH absorption spectrum, suggesting the successful anchoring of zinc oxide on the rGO surface. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed sheetlike morphology with 20–25 nm thick zinc oxide platelets decorating the rGO surface. Raman shifts showed higher I D/I G ratios for rGO and rGO–zinc oxide than for GO, indicating a decrease in the average size of the sp2-hybrid carbon (C) domain. The BET isotherm confirmed the mesoporous nature of the rGO–zinc oxide NH having average pore size (18 nm) and surface area (67.3 m2/g). The rGO–zinc oxide NH showed diminished PL intensity compared with zinc (Zn), suggesting that the recombination of electron–hole (e−–h+) pairs was effectively reduced. rGO–zinc oxide nanocrystals showed enhanced radical-scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals compared with GO and zinc oxide.
A comparative study of impact effect of composite cylinders and type IV pressure vessels
Authors: Farhood Naseer H , Karuppanan Saravanan , Ya Hamdan H , Abdul-Lateef Wisam Essmat
Published: March 2021

Generally, composites are sensitive to transverse impact loading because there is no through-thickness reinforcement for these materials. Specifically, type IV composite pressure vessels and cylinders are more susceptible under impact loading because of the presence of a plastic liner. The main challenges related to the existing composite pressure vessel materials are low toughness, low damage tolerance and high cost. Fiber hybridization is one of the active strategies employed to toughen composites and improve impact damage resistance. Therefore, in this work, the low-velocity impact resistance and induced damage severity of carbon–basalt/epoxy hybrid composites were experimentally studied on different cylinders, under 100 J impact energy. The potential of these new hybrid composites was analyzed for type IV pressure vessels. Composite cylinders with eight cylindrical laminates of different stacking sequences and fiber content ratios were fabricated through the filament-winding technique. Damage characterization was carried out using the scanning electron microscopy technique for both composite cylinders and pressure vessels. The results indicated that basalt/epoxy samples exhibited better impact resistance, energy absorption and lower damage severity than carbon/epoxy samples for both composite cylinders and type IV pressure vessels. Moreover, hybrid composite pressure vessels exhibited better impact performance compared with the pure carbon/epoxy vessel.
Evaluation of acrylic acid-co-acrylamide ratio on swelling kinetics and diffusion behavior
Authors: Ghazali Suriati , Goh Wei Jian , Mazlan Siti Nur Ainda , Rahim Syarifah Abd , Jamari Saidatul Shima
Published: March 2021

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of the monomer-to-comonomer ratio (1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00) on the swelling kinetics and diffusion behavior of a hydrogel. In this study, hydrogels with different ratios were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization using acrylic acid (AA) as the monomer and acrylamide (AM) as the comonomer with a fixed amount of AM. The chemical, morphological and thermal properties of the hydrogels were also analyzed. Swelling analyses showed that the hydrogels followed second-order swelling kinetics, while for the diffusion behavior, the hydrogels obeyed Fickian diffusion with n values less than 0.5. Hydrogel_1.5 showed the lowest n value with the presence of strong broad O–H stretching for carboxylic acid. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that Hydrogel_1.5 had the highest thermal stability compared with other ratios. In conclusion, Hydrogel_1.5 is a potential starting ratio for AA-co-AM hydrogel by inverse suspension polymerization for future development.
Life-cycle study of concrete bridges strengthened with carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer
Authors: Shi Chengcheng , Wang Jingjing , Liu Yinshan , Luo Wei , Mei Shengqi , Wang Yuanfeng , Yu Jiajie
Published: March 2021

China has many bridges in a vulnerable condition, and strengthening is crucial to guarantee their service life and performance. However, environmental impact is rarely considered in the maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Moreover, considering the effects of vehicle overload and the external environment remains difficult. To solve these problems, the life-cycle reliability and induced environmental impact of strengthening bridges with bonded carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer under different external environmental conditions and overload scenarios were studied using Monte Carlo sampling, first-order second moment and life-cycle assessment methods. A simply supported reinforced concrete T-beam was selected as a case study. The results indicated that the external environmental conditions contributed significantly to the polymer strengthening effect, and polymer plates contributed more to reliability than polymer fabric. In overload scenarios, plates were more suitable for strengthening than fabric. When annual environmental impacts were considered over time, life-cycle maintenance plans with plates were better than with fabric, and environmental impacts were sensitive to the discount rate.
Microstructural investigation of the engineering properties of heated lime-stabilised marl soil
Authors: Amiri Mohammad , Kalantari Behzad , Dehghanih Masoud , Porhonar Fatomeh , Papi Maedeh , Salehian Rana , Taheri Sepideh
Published: March 2021

Marl soils, with their low bearing capacity, are widely distributed around the world. Stabilising by way of lime or cement additives is common for these soil types to enhance their performance against heat exposure. Hence, this study investigates the microstructural properties of marl soils that have been stabilised with lime additives under high temperature with special consideration of dihydroxylation temperature. In this regard, marl soils have been first stabilised with 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt% lime and then heated at 100, 200, 300, 500, 700 and 900°C. Various geotechnical properties have been investigated by unconfined compression strength (UCS) test, Atterberg limits, pH variations and microstructural x-ray diffraction. The results revealed that at temperatures lower than the dihydroxylation temperature, increasing the lime percentage was accompanied by an increase in UCS. However, at higher temperatures, increasing the lime content decreased the UCS. The addition of 4% lime at ambient temperature increased the UCS to 1.7 MPa, and 3.75 MPa at 500°C.
The bond strength of self-compacting concrete exposed to elevated temperature
Authors: Mathews Mervin Ealiyas , Anand N. , Kodur Venkatesh K. R. , Arulraj Prince
Published: March 2021

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowable concrete that can flow, fill and pass through congested area of reinforcement without segregation. As a material used in massive constructions, understanding of the effects of elevated temperature exposure on the properties of SCC is vital. The bond between concrete and embedded steel, which degrades with an increase in temperature, influences the load-carrying capacity and thus the fire resistance of reinforced concrete elements. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of SCC specimens made with fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) and expanded perlite aggregate (EPA) under elevated temperature exposure. EPA was introduced to enhance the fire endurance of the SCC. Slump flow, J-ring and V-funnel tests were conducted as per EFNARC guidelines to check the rheological characteristics of SCC. Specimens were exposed to elevated temperature following the ISO 834 standard fire curve. Pull-out tests were carried out to determine the bond strength of reference SCC specimens and specimens exposed to elevated temperature. Data from the tests showed that the SCC specimens made with a combination of GGBFS and EPA exhibited improved bond strength, both at room and elevated temperatures.
Framing Russia in the Estonian, German, and Bulgarian Online Media: Coverage of Two Concrete Events
Authors: Kremez Mihhail , Kõuts-Klemm Ragne
Published: March 2021

The article provides a short theoretical discussion of framing in news and its role in the construction of reality. They present their approach to frame analysis by showcasing the coverage of two concrete events (the explosion in Arkhangelsk Oblast on August 8, 2019; the Eastern Economic Forum, that took place in Vladivostok on 4–6 September 2019) in Russia by the Estonian, German, and Bulgarian online media, with an emphasis on the Estonian news portals. The analysis rests on the assumption that individual members of society base their actions on the meanings that different events have to them; thus, an analysis of media constructions can explain people’s attitudes to specific social phenomena. Journalists play a crucial role in the formation of public attitudes towards the events that take place outside the country borders.
Journalistic framing is based on the choices journalists make guided by their professional standards. It is demonstrated that the journalists working for the news portals under discussion generally use a rather narrow scope of frames in picturing Russia. On the one hand, these frames indicate limited access to information, while on the other hand, the use of frames by the journalists indicates their intention to attract the readership’s attention, the need to present the reality in a simplified and easily understandable form, etc.
The authors concluded that their findings indicate certain trends in framing Russia in the traditional EU online media, and argue for the necessity to pay more attention to the selection of information in online media newsrooms.
Elemental Composition of Needle Foliage of Pinaceae Forest Forming Species in the Territory with Cumulative Environmental Damage (South Baikal Region)
Authors: Belykh Olga , Chuparina Elena
Published: March 2021

The article is dedicated to the issues of sustainable development of territories with cumulative environmental damage on the basis of improving environmental analysis techniques of forest ecosystems health in Baikal region. The authors discuss the processes related to degradation of dark coniferous forests due to the emissions of pulp and paper industry. The factors affecting the development and producing capacity of forest stand are pointed out, namely highly acidic soil and heavy metals pollution. The data obtained by X-ray fluorescence analysis of needles are presented. They prove the presence of 20 chemical elements in the forest forming species of Pinaceae: Abies sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, Picea obovata. The elemental composition of needles after the enterprise was closed is not over the exposure limit for conditionally toxic elements. The territory where the research was carried out is suitable for agriculture, tourism and recreational activities. The obtained data were used to implement new techniques of inspecting forest vegetation health.
Enhancing the Potential of State and Non-State Forms of Social Assistance for Children with Disabilities in the Irkutsk Region
Authors: Inkizhinova Svetlana
Published: March 2021

The article reveals the approaches to the partnership of state and non-state forms of social assistance for children with disabilities (HIA) and children with disabilities in the Irkutsk region. Statistical and legal substantiations of the potential of intersectoral interaction between state institutions and socially oriented non-profit organizations (SO NPOs) providing social assistance to children with disabilities and children with disabilities are given. A sociological study was conducted using a semi-formal telephone interview with experts from the regional state institution and non-profit organizations on partnership issues. Based on the results of the study, a continuous cycle of intersectoral interaction between state and public organizations on the issue of rehabilitation of children with disabilities and children with disabilities was developed. Methodological recommendations for improving this interaction in terms of grant technology and evaluating the effectiveness of the activities of SO NPOs are proposed. The social effects of the implementation of this development are revealed.
The Use of Information on a Person's Ethnical Features in the Implementation of Crime Counteraction Strategies
Authors: Foygel Elena
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses the development of a research basis for using the information on ethnical features of a person in crime counteraction. Being part of an ethnos, ethic community is a universal feature of any person: there are no people without ethnic roots. At the same time, the process of ethnic identification is not determined by birth alone, but also by a conscious recognition of oneself as belonging to a certain ethnos (for example, when an adopted child belongs to a genetically different ethnos, in cases of inter-racial marriages or transgression — a conscious transition from one ethnos to another). Ethnos has a considerable impact on personality development in the process of socialization — the internalization of social and cultural norms. Being a natural environment for the life of Homo sapiens, ethnos acts as a social group that determines the lifestyle, values, mindset, rituals, traditions, and interaction practices for its members, specific features of mentality, behavior, and language as a dominant tool of communication. All these basic elements are internalized by a person in the process of ethnization — forming specific value and moral judgments, esthetic views, acquiring a complex of skills, communication style and general behavior typical for the ethnos. The values, motives, skills, habits and thought patterns acquired and internalized during ethnization are stable, basic and determine both the features and characteristics of a person as well as any activity a person is involved in, including the commitment and the perception of a crime. The crimina­listic theory of personality traditionally studies the features and qualities of a person reflected in committing crimes with the goal of identifying regularities that would make it possible to develop effective means and methods of revealing, investigating and solving crimes. Studying the ethnic characteristics of personality is necessary for determining and examining specific elements of the crime mechanism, for creating the information basis for the development of tactical techniques of organizing and conducting investigative and procedural actions, as well as for the improvement of criminalistic support of crime counteraction measures.
Mercy Killing and the Specific Features of Its Subjective Side
Authors: Ulitin Ilya
Published: March 2021

Building a rule-of-law state requires establishing rational priorities for legal protection. Human life and health should undoubtedly hold a center place in the criminal law policy as objects of protection against criminal infringements. Murder is one of such harmful infringements. At the same time, there is sometimes a considerable difference in the degree of public danger of its different varieties. Russian criminal law policy is aimed at a further humanization and harmonization of criminal law, which makes it necessary to examine the regulation of mercy killings. A killing committed out of mercy, at the victim’s request, to relief pain and unbearable suffering caused by a severe incurable illness is not regulated by Russian legislation. This type of killings is currently qualified by Russian law enforcers under Clause «в», Part 2, Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Thus, Russian legislation views this type of killing as a qualified crime which, according to the author, is not quite correct. The article cites international practice that categorizes mercy killing as a privileged type of crime. Besides, some theoretical considerations in the article are illustrated by examples from Russian court practice on this type of killing. The article is based on both Russian and foreign works in the sphere of criminal law. It discusses some disputed aspects of delineating a mercy killing and offences with similar corpus delicti. The author concludes that there is an objective necessity to legally fix the specific offence of mercy killing, and to amend the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation to include this offence. A draft article of the CC of the RF regulating mercy killing is presented. The suggested and substantiated directions of amending Russian criminal legislation could be used in the lawmaking process for the future improvement of criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, and in teaching criminal law disciplines.
Abuse of Power by the Police: Myths and Reality
Authors: Kleymenov Mikhail
Published: March 2021

The analysis of the situation with the rule of law in different countries makes it necessary to draw attention to the global trend of substituting the theoretical concept of a law-governed state by the practice of abuse of power by the police. The abuse of power by the police and other security forces in the Russian Federation is most evident in two areas: corruption and crimes in the sphere of justice. In this connection, it is important to understand the validity of the concepts of criminal law reaction and the practice of its enforcement in cases of abuse of power by the police. A study of the work of the institute of business ombudsmen makes it possible to state that it is focused on proving that security forces «harass business». No persuasive proof is presented that supports this claim. Nevertheless, the lawmakers pursue the policy of selecting a special subject of crime with a lowered criminal liability — an entrepreneur, thus violating the principle of equality before the law. At the same time, it is impossible to deny the commercialization of the activities of security forces who found their own niche in the market economy. This is the niche of corruption. Corruption pressure on businesses most often takes the shape of extorting bribes and provoking corruption. The provocation and incitement activities of the police often involve those citizens who later are prosecuted for crimes connected with illegal trade in drugs, and for insulting authorities. In this connection, the negative attitude of a considerable part of Russian society to the police is not surprising. This attitude is, to a great degree, formed by discrediting law enforcement bodies. Russian mass media have been working long and hard to create a negative image of the police. The authors of the «gangsters vs. cops» series have been especially successful. This leads to the conclusion that the paradigm «business in Russia is under the pressure of criminal legislation, and security forces «harass business» is fake. The institute of business ombudsmen should reject it and focus of identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions of the situation that made law enforcement bodies subjects of market relations. It is necessary to radically oppose the legalization of crime provocation («legitimate provocation») that some authors suggest. Any facilitation to the provocation activities of security forces looks like a decisive refusal to protect citizens, which opens the gates to widespread lawlessness and, from the legal standpoint, is absolutely unacceptable. The existing operative and investigation activities are quite adequate for detecting real offenders.
Attacks on the Information System of Unmanned Vehicles in the Etiology of Road Accidents
Authors: Chuchaev Alexandr , Gracheva Yulia , Malikov Sergey
Published: March 2021

Highly automated vehicles (HAVs) integrate numerous technologies that provide safe and efficient transportation without a driver. Connecting mechanisms ensure communication between vehicles and their infrastructure, and the exchange of data, such as the positioning of the vehicle, its speed, etc. The purpose of each of these functions is to support further automation, which turns a driver from a road user into an observer-controller by transferring to technologies those functions that were earlier performed by people. The automation of control is achieved through a constant analysis of the environment by sensors and the use of previously obtained information, such as maps or data on the road covering, for planning the performance of the vehicle. HAVs use multi-functional hardware and software units that include sensors: lidars, radars, cameras, GPS, odometers, hyrosystems, etc.; systems of data exchange with the road infrastructure using GPRS, 5G, Wi-Fi and other standards; software that controls transport systems, including the systems of machine vision, and neural networks for controlling the road situation. The authors present a classification of threats to HAVs’ security and analyze risks connected with the threats of compromising sensors, control and connection mechanisms, as well as the vulnerabilities of the used technologies. They suggest the wording of a number of new articles in Chapter 27 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation devoted to HAVs, which incorporate the following: persons who participated in the development of the corresponding software and guidelines for using the vehicle, operators; actions that could inflict damage, a complex of publically dangerous consequences. A detailed description of four groups of subjects (violators) of infringements on the information system of HAVs is presented: persons using the vulnerability of an information system; malware creators; creators of information systems; operators of information systems. These groups should be taken into account when developing the corresponding norms within Chapter 27 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the features of aggravating circumstances and the individualization of punishment.
Biowatch Shield, Costs Liability for Abuse of Process and Crossfire Litigation ‒ Biowatch Trust v Registrar Genetic Resources 2009 (6) SA 232 (CC)
Authors: Tumo Charles Maloka
Published: March 2021

While costs are traditionally dealt with at the tail end of proceedings and invariably in the concluding segment of a court’s judgment, they nevertheless continue to be consequential. This is especially so in respect of how access to constitutional justice is pursued and levered. The outlines of the progressive costs awards jurisprudence in constitutional and public interest litigation are encapsulated in Biowatch Trust v Registrar Genetic Resources (2009 (6) SA 232 (CC) (Biowatch)). Biowatch established the general proposition that in litigation between the State and private parties seeking to assert a fundamental right, the State should ordinarily pay costs if it loses. The Biowatch shield seeks to mitigate the “chilling effects” cost orders could have on parties seeking to assert their constitutional rights – even where unsuccessful. The threat of hefty costs orders may chill constitutional assertiveness. It may deter parties from challenging questionable practices of the State. This is particularly so in a society characterised by disparities in resources and inequality of opportunities. The vindication of fundamental rights is inseparably linked to the transformative process the Constitution envisages. It is now established that the general rule in constitutional litigation is that an unsuccessful litigant in proceedings against the State ought not to be ordered to pay costs. On the other hand, the Biowatch principle also permits exceptions and does not go so far as to immunise all constitutional litigation from the risk of an adverse costs order. A worthy cause or worthy motive cannot immunise a litigant from an adverse costs order for abuse of process or engaging in frivolous or vexatious proceedings.The case note addresses the application of the Biowatch principle in respect of cost orders where a public interest litigant has conducted the proceedings in an abusive, vexatious or frivolous manner, as well as in crossfire litigation. The first-tier question that arises is: can a court impose adverse costs awards on a constitutional litigant where a suit is unmeritorious or there is impropriety in the manner in which the litigation has been undertaken? There is also the delicate issue of costs awards in crossfire disputes. In pith and substance, crossfire disputes involve litigation between a private party and the State, provoked by the latter’s failure to perform its regulatory role but adversely affecting the interests of other private parties. In effect, the knotty question is: can adverse costs orders be made against interveners or parties who become involved in proceedings?
Цифровизация в управлении городом: исследование коммуникационных каналов приема и обработки обращений граждан в Петербурге
Authors: Видясов Евгений Юрьевич , Видясова Людмила Александровна
Published: March 2021

В настоящее время тенденция цифровизации активно затрагивает сферу гражданского участия в управлении городом. В статье приводятся результаты исследования возможностей цифровых технологий обеспечивать участие горожан в управлении территорией, на которой они проживают, а также эффективно получать государственные услуги в Санкт-Петербурге. Особое внимание уделяется следующим коммуникационным каналам: личные визиты, портал «Наш Петербург», электронная приемная губернатора, системы электронного голосования, краудсорсинговые платформы, площадки инициативного бюджетирования. Каждый из каналов коммуникации оценивался по набору социально-экономических, организационных и технологических критериев. Исследование выполнено в рамках неоинституционального подхода, согласно которому существуют регулятивные, нормативные и когнитивные измерения институтов. Эти три измерения оказывают влияние на то, как граждане воспринимают новые институциональные изменения. Регулятивное измерение создает основу для развития инициатив умного города, а нормативное и когнитивное отражают расхождения в выявленных представлениях всех участников данного процесса. Исследование проведено методом экспертного опроса 50 сотрудников Администрации Санкт-Петербурга, органов местного самоуправления, управляющих компаний и других организаций в сфере ЖКХ, подведомственных органам власти учреждений. Для определения наиболее значимых критериев оценки коммуникационных каналов был проведен факторный анализ с использованием метода главных компонент. Для оценки адекватности данных использована мера адекватности выборки Кайзера-Мейера-Олкина (КМО), а также критерий сферичности Бартлетта. По результатам исследования были выявлены институциональные изменения во взаимодействиях участников в рамках рассмотренной модели в Петербурге по трем каналам коммуникации: портал решения городских проблем «Наш Петербург», электронная приемная губернатора и личные визиты в органы власти. Обозначенные каналы являются наиболее востребованными у всех участников институционального взаимодействия: граждан, представителей НКО и бизнеса. Для трех коммуникационных каналов были построены факторные модели, отражающие наиболее значимые для них параметры.
От проблемы к решению: риторика дискурса социальных предпринимателей
Authors: Архипова Елена Борисовна , Старшинова Алевтина Викторовна
Published: March 2021

Статья является результатом исследования, посвященного анализу дискурса современных социальных предпринимателей как акторов легитимации социальных проблем общества. Базируясь на идеях конструкционистского подхода, мы рассматривали социальные проблемы не как объективную данность, существующую в обществе, а как конструкт, создаваемый людьми посредством выдвижения утверждений-требований (claim-making) изменить какую-либо ситуацию. Социальные предприниматели, являясь новыми акторами процесса выдвижения и легитимации социальных проблем, обладают высоким потенциалом не только в конструировании социальной проблемы, но также и в выработке ее эффективного решения. Эмпирической базой исследования выступили публичные выступления, интервью, а также описания проектов, представленные на официальных сайтах, крауд-платформах и в социальных сетях лидеров российского социального предпринимательства – Гузели Санжаповой и Дарьи Алексеевой. Обе предпринимательницы активно включаются в дискурс социальных проблем, формулируют утверждения-требования и продвигают их на публичных аренах. Для анализа была применена концепция Питера Ибарры и Джона Китсьюза, измеряющая дискурс социальных проблем в четырех измерениях риторики: риторических идиомах, контрриторике, лейтмотивах и стилях выдвижения утверждений-требований. Исследование показало, что при легитимации проблемы, которую выдвигают на публичную арену социальные предпринимательницы, абсолютно отсутствуют негативные и драматические риторические идиомы, такие как риторики бедствия, неразумности и опасности. Присутствуют риторика утраты и риторика наделения правом, которая декларирует равенство прав и возможностей всех общественных групп, но не посредством государственной помощи, а с помощью альтернативного решения, провоцирующего масштабные и устойчивые трансформации в государственной политике и гражданском обществе. Уникальность дискурса социальных предпринимателей заключается не в драматизации ситуации, а в демонстрировании и тиражировании опережающего способа поддержания социального равновесия. Эта позиция позволяет сделать вывод, что выбранные нами социальные предприниматели, согласно типологии Шэйкера Зары, выполняют роль «социальных конструкционистов», восполняющих социальные пробелы, решающих острые социальные проблемы, работающих в тех сферах и с той группой, которые остаются за пределами интересов других агентов социальной политики.
Karakteristik Mi Kering Substitusi Tepung Terigu dengan Tepung Labu Kuning dan Tepung Ikan Tuna
Authors: Canti Meda , Fransiska Ivana , Lestari Diana
Published: March 2021

AbstrakMi kering merupakan produk yang digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Hal ini menyebabkan penggunaan tepung terigu dan impor gandum meningkat. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya bahan untuk substitusi tepung terigu, yaitu dengan labu kuning dan ikan tuna.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mensubstitusi sebagian tepung terigu dengan tepung labu kuning dan tepung ikan tuna terhadap sifat sensoris, fisik, dan kimia mi kering yang dihasilkan. Formulasi mi kering dibuat dengan rasio tepung terigu:tepung labu kuning: 100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40 dan tepung ikan tuna sebanyak 0–25%, serta analisis mi kering meliputi sensori, fisik, kimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mi kering yang masih dapat diterima panelis, yaitu mi kering dengan rasio 80:20(tepung terigu:tepung labu kuning) dan penambahan tepung ikan tuna sampai dengan 20%. Penambahan tepung ikan tuna sebesar 10-25% pada mi kering dapat meningkatkan daya serap air, tingkat pengembangan, cooking loss, dan menurunkan nilai kekerasan sertatensile strength. Mi kering dengan penambahan tepung ikan tuna hingga 20% mampu meningkatkan kandungan protein hingga 2,53 kali dibandingkan mi kering kontrol (tanpa penambahan tepung ikan tuna) dengan kadar protein sebesar 23,74% db. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan tepung ikan tuna sebagai sumber protein pada mi kering dapat dilakukan sampai dengan 20%.Dry Noodles Characteristics of Substitution Wheat Flour with Pumpkin and Tuna FlourAbstractDry noodles are a product that is favored by the most people in Indonesia. That causes the use of wheat flour and wheat imports to increase. Therefore it is necessary to have materials to substitute wheat flour, namely with pumpkin and tuna.The purpose of this study was to determine the partial substitution of wheat flour with pumpkin and tuna flour on the sensory, physical, and chemical properties of the dried noodles produced. The stages of the research included the making of pumpkin and tuna flour, dry noodles formulation with the ratio of wheat flour: pumpkin flour of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and tuna flour at the concentration of 0–25%. The analysis of dried noodles was sensory, physical, chemical. The results showed that dry noodles were still acceptable to panelists, namely dry noodles with a ratio of 80:20 (wheat flour: pumpkin flour) and the addition of tuna flour up to 20%. The addition of tuna flour by 10-25% to dry noodles couldincrease water absorption, expansion ratio, cooking loss, and reduce the value of hardness and tensile strength. Dry noodles with the addition of tuna flour up to 20% could increase protein content up to 2.53 times compared to dry noodles control (without tuna fish flour) with 23.74% db. As conclusion, the use of tuna flour as a protein source in dried noodles could be done up to 20%.
Pembuatan nanopartikel pati jagung dengan teknik fotooksidasi menggunakan H2O2 dan lampu UV-C pada sistem tersirkulasi
Authors: Palupi Niken Widya , Pranoto Yudi , Sutardi Sutardi
Published: March 2021

Dalam penelitian ini, nanopartikel pati (Starch Nano Particle (SNP)) disiapkan dengan metode sederhana, yakni melalui proses fotooksidasi dengan sistem sirkulasi dengan melibatkan H2O2 dan lampu UV-C. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengoptimasi konsentrasi perlakuan H2O2 dan lama proses fotooksidasi untuk menghasilkan nanopartikel pati jagung. Pati jagung diperoleh secara komersial dan dianalisis sifat-sifatnya. Hasil analisa Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) menunjukkan bahwa partikel hasil fotooksidasi berbentuk bulat dan memiliki diameter dengan kisaran 100-1000 nm. Hasil uji SEM diperkuat dengan hasil uji Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) Zetasizer yang menunjukkan kurva distribusi normal ukuran partikel di kisaran 100-1000 nm. Proses fotooksidasi menyebabkan nano partikel pati yang dihasilkan mengandung gugus karbonil dan karboksil. Kandungan karboksil dan ukurannya yang nano meningkatkan kejernihan pasta dan kelarutan suspensi partikel, namun juga menurunkan viskositas suspensi partikel. Lebih lanjut nanopartikel pati yang dihasilkan mempunyai kemampuan untuk mengurangi tegangan antarmuka minyak dan air, sehingga berpotensi berperan sebagai emulsifier. Kesimpulannya, perlakukan H2O2 sebesar dan lama pemaparan UV-C pada proses fotooksidasi dapat menghasilkan nanopartikel pati dengan sifat-sifat yang diinginkan yaitu: ukuran nano terdistribusi normal, kejernihan pasta mendekati kejernihan air, dan gugus karboksil yang dihasilkan cukup untuk menurunkan tegangan muka minyak dan air.Formation of Corn Starch Nanoparticles Involving H2O2 and UV-C lamp through Photo-oxidation in the Circulation SystemAbstractIn this study, starch nanoparticles (SNPs) was prepared by a simple method, photooxidation in circulation system by involving H2O2 and UV-C lamp using variations in concentration and treatment duration. SNPs was ontained from the international market and analyzed its properties. SEM analysis revealed that the photo-oxidized particles showed round-like shape and diameter in the range of 100-1000 nm. This data were in line with DLS Zetasizer analysis which showed normal distribution of particle size curve in ranges 100-1000 nm. The photooxidation process resulted in the starch nano particle contained carbonyl and carboxyl groups. The carboxyls content and nano-size of the photo-oxidized particles contributed to high clear paste and high solubility, but low viscosity of the particle suspension. Moreover, the photo-oxidized starch nanoparticles be able to reduce interfacial tension between oil and water, so its possible played role as an emulsifier. As conclusion, treatment of H2O2 and UV-C exposure might resulted starch nanoparticle with properties: nano-size of the particle was in a normal distribution, paste clarity close to clarity of the water, and carboxyl groups attached in the particle was able to reduce interfacial tension water and oil.
Karakteristik Fungsional, Fisik dan Sensori Sereal Sarapan Jagung yang Disubstitusi Bekatul
Authors: Kusnandar Feri , Suryani Suryani , Budijanto Slamet
Published: March 2021

AbstrakBekatul dari hasil samping penggilingan padi memiliki komponen gizi dan non-gizi. Proses fermentasi pada bekatul diketahui dapat meningkatkan komponen fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan bekatul yang difermentasi dengan kapang Rhizopus oligosporus selama 72 jam dan diformulasikan sebanyak 15, 20, dan 25% ke dalam sereal sarapan jagung. Bekatul tanpa fermentasi juga dibuat sebagai pembanding. Karakteristik fungsional yang berupa aktivitas antioksidan, kadar total fenol, serat pangan, mutu fisik yang berupa derajat pengembangan (DP), indeks penyerapan air (IPA), kelarutan air (IKA), kekerasan dan kerenyahan, serta mutu sensori sereal sarapan dianalisis dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dua faktor dan diuji lanjut dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bekatul fermentasi mampu meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan dan kadar total fenol, namun memberikan penerimaan sensori yang lebih rendah dibandingkan formula sereal sarapan yang lain. Kesimpulannya, substitusi dengan 25% bekatul tanpa fermentasi dalah yang paling disukai berdasarkan analisis warna, aroma, rasa, dan tekstur. Sereal sarapan dengan formulasi tersebut memberikan nilai DP, IPA, dan IKA yang spesifik dan memberikan tingkat kekerasan dan kerenyahan yang dapat diterima panelis, serta menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan, kandungan total fenol dan serat pangan yang tergolong tinggi.Functional, Physical and Sensory Characteristics of Corn Breakfast Cereals Substituted by Fermented Rice BranAbstractRice bran as a by-product of rice mills contains a relatively high nutritious components, such as phenolic compounds. Fermentation process in rice bran may increase phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. In this study, fermented rice bran using Rhizopus oligosporus for 72 hours were formulated into corn-based breakfast cereals at the concentration of 15, 20, and 20%. Non fermented rice brand was also used as a comparison. The functional characteristics that consisted of antioxidant activity, total phenol, and dietary fiber; physical quality, i.e. degree of expansion (DE), water absorption index (WAI), solubility index (SI), hardness and crispness; and sensory quality were analysed using a two-factor randomized experimental design followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test. As a result, fermented rice bran yielded less acceptable breakfast cereals than that of a non-fermented cereal, although the antioxidant activity and total phenol increased along the fermented rice brand. As a conclusion, substitusion with 25% non-fermented rice bran was the most accepatable in terms of color, aroma, taste and texture compared to other formulations. The formulated breakfast cereal had specified DE, WAI and SI, hardness and crispness, as well as showed high values of antioxidant activity, total phenol, and dietary fiber.
Correlation Between Convicts' Psychological Perception of Amnesty and the Rate of Recidivism
Authors: Babayan S.L. , Krapchatova I.N. , Kokhman D.V.
Published: March 2021

This article deals with recidivism of amnestied persons in Russia in conjunction with convicts' psychological perception of amnesty. We identify the specifics of legal nature of amnesty in comparison to other forms of early release. The authorial method of studying the recidivism of pardoned persons is suggested in view of calculating its factor. In the article we analyze the personality characteristics of amnestied persons bearing relevance to non-release of the convicts who are prone to delinquent behavior. We cover the problem of violation of rights of people affected by the crimes of persons who are subject to an amnesty. Measures have been developed to lower the scale of negative impact of amnesty on the society while taking into account its legal nature. It was concluded that one of the reasons of negative social implications of granting an amnesty can be misperception of its goals on the part of convicted persons as well as low educational and motivational value of certain amnesty acts.
Characterization of Pro-aggressive Factors Influencing the Aggressive Behavior of Sex Offenders Serving their Sentences in Detention Facilities
Authors: Didenko A.V. , Pisarev O.M. , Mal'tseva E.A.
Published: March 2021

In this research work we studied the structure and severity of pro-aggressive factors that influence aggressive manifestations in sex offenders serving their sentences in detention facilities. We carried out a comparative empirical study of two groups of male convicts serving their time for sexual (N=30) and mercenary crimes (N=30). The comparative analysis of aggressive behavior as well as the experimental and psychological research have been performed using the following: Buss A.H. & Durkee A. Hostility Inventory Questionnaire, Freiburg Personality Inventory, Ilyin Ye.P. and Kovalyov P.A. "Personality Aggression and Proneness to Conflict" methodology. It has been statistically proven that the aggression level in sex offenders prevails over that of mercenary criminals (p≤0.01) by the following parameters: physical, verbal and indirect aggression, irritability and sense of guilt. Prominence of pro-aggressive personality factors has been revealed in the convict sex offenders (irritability, quick temper at p≤0.01; neuroticism, depressiveness, reactive aggression, emotional instability at p≤0.05). Additionally, we discussed the influence of prison context on the aggression level.
The RAMONES Service for Rapid Assessment of Seismic Moment and Radiated Energy in Central Italy: Concepts, Capabilities, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Spallarossa Daniele , Picozzi Matteo , Scafidi Davide , Morasca Paola , Turino Chiara , Bindi Dino
Published: March 2021

We present Rapid Assessment of MOmeNt and Energy Service (RAMONES), a service for disseminating through a web interface, the estimates of seismic moment (M0) and radiated energy (ER) for earthquakes occurring in central Italy with local magnitudes above 1.7. The service is based on a fully-automatic procedure developed for downloading and processing open seismological data from the European Integrated Data Archive, Italian Civil Protection repository, and Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS). In its actual configuration, RAMONES uses the seismic catalog generated through the event webservice of the Italian Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (compliant with International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks standards) to guide the data download. The concept of RAMONES is to estimate M0 and ER from features extracted directly from recordings, namely the S-wave peak displacement (PDS) and the integral of the squared velocity (IV2S) evaluated over the S-wave window at local distances. A data set composed of 6515 earthquakes recorded in central Italy between 2008 and 2018 was used to calibrate the attenuation models relating M0 to PDS and ER to IV2S, including station corrections. The calibration values for M0 and ER were extracted from the source spectra obtained by applying a decomposition approach to the Fourier amplitude spectra known as the generalized inversion technique. To test the capabilities of RAMONES, we validate the attenuation models by performing residual analysis over about 60 earthquakes occurring in 2019 that were used for the spectral decomposition analysis but not considered in the calibration phase. Since January 2020, a testing operational phase has been running, and RAMONES has analyzed about 800 earthquakes by September 2020. The distribution of the source parameters and their relevant scaling relationships are automatically computed and disseminated in the form of maps, parametric tables, figures, and reports available through the RAMONES web interface.
From Seismic Monitoring to Tsunami Warning in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Amato Alessandro , Avallone Antonio , Basili Roberto , Bernardi Fabrizio , Brizuela Beatriz , Graziani Laura , Herrero André , Lorenzino Maria Concetta , Lorito Stefano , Mele Francesco Mariano , Michelini Alberto , Piatanesi Alessio , Pintore Stefano , Romano Fabrizio , Selva Jacopo , Stramondo Salvatore , Tonini Roberto , Volpe Manuela
Published: March 2021

The Italian Tsunami Alert Center based at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (CAT-INGV) has been monitoring the Mediterranean seismicity in the past 8 yr to get fast and reliable information for seismically induced tsunami warnings. CAT-INGV is a tsunami service provider in charge of monitoring the seismicity of the Mediterranean Sea and of alerting Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)/UNESCO subscriber Member States and the Italian Department of Civil Protection of a potentially impending tsunami, in the framework of the Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System in the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas (NEAMTWS). CAT-INGV started operating in 2013 and became operational in October 2016. Here, after describing the NEAMTWS in the framework of the global effort coordinated by IOC/UNESCO, we focus on the tsunami hazard in the Mediterranean Sea. We then describe CAT-INGV mandate, functioning, and operational procedures. Furthermore, the article discusses the lessons learned from past events occurring in the Mediterranean Sea, such as the Kos-Bodrum in 2017 (Mw 6.6) and the Samos-Izmir in 2020 (Mw 7.0) earthquakes, which generated moderately damaging tsunamis. Based on these lessons, we discuss some potential improvements for the CAT-INGV and the NEAMTWS, including better seismic and sea level instrumental coverage. We emphasize the need for tsunami risk awareness raising, better preparation, and full implementation of the tsunami warning “last-mile” to foster the creation of a more integrated, interoperable, and sustainable risk reduction framework. If we aim to be better prepared for the next tsunami, these important challenges should be prioritized in the agenda of the IOC/UNESCO Member States and the European Commission.