bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loudness of Pure Tones at Low and Infrasonic Frequencies
Authors: Møller Henrik , Andresen Jente
Published: January 2017

Contours of equal loudness were determined in the frequency range 2–63 Hz and the loudness range 20–100 phon. The loudness curves run almost parallel in the infrasonic frequency range and much closer than in the audio region. Infrasound only a few dB above the hearing threshold will therefore seem loud and possibly annoying. The subjects were 20 normal hearing students aged between 18 and 25, and the psychometric method was based on maximum-likelihood estimation of psychometric functions.
Sensations, Perception Thresholds and Temporary Threshold Shifts of Whole Body Vibrations in Sitting and Standing Posture
Authors: Landström Ulf , Lundström Ronnie
Published: January 2017

The experiments were conducted to evaluate the subjective experience associated with sinusoidal whole body vibration. Exposures were carried out in vertical (z) direction with the subject placed in upright sitting and standing positions. According to the present results, the vibration perception level is approximately the same for both postures, about 80–90 dB, (re 1 μm/s2 (r.m.s)) when comparing frequencies below 100 Hz.

The threshold values were found to be influenced by the body weight, heavy people being more sensitive to whole body vibration in sitting posture, light people being more sensitive to vibrations in standing posture. Furthermore, the present study clearly shows the existence of temporary threshold shifts (TTS) in perception of whole body vibration after 5 minutes of vibration fatigue. If measured c. 30 seconds after the end of the exposure the temporary threshold shifts were in the magnitude of 10 dB.
Vibration Syndome in Snowmobile Drivers
Authors: Virokannas Hannu , Anttonen Hannu , Näyhä Simo , Pramila Sirkka , Hassi Juhani
Published: January 2017

Hand-arm vibration was measured on the handlebars of snowmobiles (N=23) and a postal inquiry was made among N=2705 reindeer herders (snowmobile drivers) in a study of vibration syndrome. Since many subjects had also used other vibrating tools the snowmobile group proper (N=334) was established and in this group 18% of the subjects reported having experienced white finger attacks and 48% numbness of the hands. The age-adjusted prevalence of white finger was more than three times higher in this snowmobile group proper than in the controls, and the association was not confounded by age or smoking. The finding was similar but weaker for numbness of the hands. The frequency-weighted acceleration of snowmobile vibration was 3.5 m/s2, and risk evaluation using the annex A of ISO 5349 standard predicted well the prevalence of white finger in the snowmobile group proper (17%). In conclusion, the present results indicate vibration syndrome as being also related to snowmobile vibration in reindeer herders.
Space Structures in China
Authors: Lan Tien T.
Published: January 2017

This paper reviews the development of various types of space structures, such as thin-walled shells, space trusses and cable-suspended structures, which have been used as roof systems in China. Special features in the design and construction of these structures are also described.
Optimal Tower Design for a Wind Power System
Authors: Bourgund Ulrich , Lawo Michael
Published: January 2017

The optimal layout for structures of self-supporting truss-towers is found by comparing the different minimum weight design topologies under geometric, structural, assemblage and maintenance aspects with respect to static and dynamic effects. The basic idea concerning the geometry of the structures was to determine a design with a minimum of different elements with respect to length, cross-sectional area, etc.

A modified Newton-Raphson iteration is used to consider the effects of non-linearity in the static analysis. Dynamic investigations applying Stodola's method are necessary because the first frequencies in bending and torsion have to be examined. The present optimization problem is nonlinear with the cross-sectional areas of the truss elements as design variables. The problem is solved by formulating optimality criteria derived from the different restrictions. The strongest restriction is the one concerning the eigenfrequencies, followed by the warping stiffness and stability restrictions. Extensive studies, done by a computer program, showed that the differences in weight are negligible; only design aspects are of significance for the optimal truss tower. Therefore, a new and simple nodal point construction is developed using sheets prefabricated very easily in one piece out of a flat panel.
Orthotropy in Folded Plate Theory
Authors: Hájek Petr
Published: January 2017

A method is presented for the solution of an orthotropic problem using folded plate theory. The method is suitable for a static solution of space structures containing elements braced by transverse stiffeners, for a static solution of shear wall systems braced horizontally by floor slabs, etc. The derived stiffness matrix for an orthotropic element can be introduced into existing folded plate computer programs with only minor adjustments.
Infinite Polyhedra Lattice (I.P.L) Space Trusses: Morphology, Analysis And Application
Authors: Burt Michael
Published: January 2017

The hyperbolic finite and infinite surfaces and Polyhedra, abstract models of all poly-genus Sponge-like and labyrinthian configutations, are among a new array of basic forms which were introduced and morphologically explored, mostly in the last few decades.

I.P.L. Space Trusses are among the first engineered architectural applications of this new form family. Morphologically they are based on Periodic Hyperbolic Surfaces and their tessellations, the so called “Infinite Polyhedra Lattices” (hence - I.P.L.) which were developed by the author over the last thirty years. They represent a novel mode of material distribution in space which enables to achieve higher structural performance (in terms of attainable spans and amount of invested material), and far-reaching design opportunities.

Because of their size and complexity, I.P.L. trusses pose a very intense calculation problem which requires great ingenuity and powerful (paranet) computer systems.

The article describes the evolution of the concept, form generation, design considerations and their application to wide-span and high-rise mega-structures.
Form Generation Of Polyhedric Building Shapes
Authors: Huybers P.
Published: January 2017

The Platonic - or regular - and the Archimedean - or semi-regular - polyhedra can be considered as portions of space that are completely surrounded by one or more kinds of regular polygons. The numbers and positions in space of these polygons are strictly ruled by universal criteria. It is therefore possible to form these polyhedra by placing polygons around the centre of the coordinate system in distinct numbers, at certain distances and under certain angles in accordance with these rules. This is called here ‘rotation’ and the forelying paper describes a method where this is done for the regular and semi-regular polyhedra and for related figures that are found by derivation from these polyhedra. The figures that are rotated have not necessarily to be regular polygons, nor do have to be strictly planar. This method thus allows the rotation of arbitrary figures – also spatial ones – and the rotation procedure can even be used repeatedly, so that very complex configurations can be described.
Awareness and Perception of Strabismus Among the Youths and Women of Child-Bearing Age in a Local Government in South Western Nigeria
Authors: Bodunde Olubunmi , Runsewe-Abiodun Tamramat , Alabi Adekunle , Adetunji Janet , Olowonyo Michael , Adefuye Bolanle
Published: January 2017

Purpose

To determine the awareness and perception of strabismus among the youths and women of child-bearing age in Ikenne Local Government Area (LGA) of Ogun State, South Western Nigeria.

Methodology

Fifteen focus group discussions (FGDs) were carried out in the LGA on the perceptions and attitudes of people to strabismus. Their responses were tape-recorded and later transcribed. A thematic phenomenological approach was used for the analysis.

Result

A total of 139 people participated in the FGDs, with a male:female ratio of 1:∼4. Although there was a fairly high level of awareness of strabismus in the populace, their knowledge and perception of the disease were poor. Attitudes toward the disease were based on unfounded fears and misconceptions of the disease.

Conclusions

We conclude that the perception and acceptance of people with strabismus by the people of Ikenne LGA was based on their poor knowledge of the disease. This in turn interfered with the uptake of health-care services for the condition.
Awareness and Perceptions of Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors, Preventability, and Complications Among College Students in Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: Page Randy M. , Stones Elizabeth , Taylor Oliver , Braudt Kendra
Published: January 2017

In India, often referred to as the “diabetes capital of the world,” it is imperative to establish the level of knowledge among Asian Indians of Type 2 Diabetes (DM2) in order to plan effective public health programs aimed at prevention of DM2. Using an original survey of 983 college students in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, we evaluated individuals’ knowledge of DM2 including prevalence, risk factors, and prevention. To date, there are only a few studies that look at awareness of diabetes on the community level, and no previous studies have involved sampling college students. Our findings show that although awareness of diabetes is high, only half of the students sampled were aware that DM2 could be prevented and 60% were unaware that little or no exercise was a risk factor. The results suggest that diabetes awareness programs are needed among the college age population in India to prevent DM2.
Qualitative Evaluation of the Jump2Health™ Website for Parents of Preschool Children Shows Behavior Changes
Authors: Taylor Ashlee L. , Reed Debra B. , Colwell Malinda J.
Published: January 2017

Few interventions have been shown to be successful in reducing child obesity, due in part to the challenges in reaching parents. Web-based nutrition intervention is becoming more feasible due to technology advancements and accessibility across income groups. However, studies on the effectiveness and acceptability of web-based interventions to teach parents about healthy behaviors are needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Jump2Health™ Website intervention using qualitative interview methodology. A follow-up phone interview was conducted with 13 participants, approximately 1-to 2-month-postintervention. Participants reported making desired behavior changes in targeted areas and also considered the Website an effective learning method.
Clarifying (Opportunity) Costs
Authors: Stone Daniel F.
Published: January 2017

Opportunity cost is widely considered to be a fundamental concept in economics. But the definition of the term continues to be both unclear and controversial. I describe how the term is widely used in two distinct ways, both in academic and non-academic contexts. I propose a practical way for educators to clarify the concept and related terminology.
Research on the carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) cutting mechanism using macroscopic and microscopic numerical simulations
Authors: Wang Fuji , Wang Xiaonan , Yang Rui , Gao Hanqing , Su Youliang , Bi Guangjian
Published: January 2017

The essence of cutting carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites is a process of material failure and chip formation. The mechanism of cutting CFRPs can be explained from the perspective of local removal of material on the microscopic level. The morphology of the chips resulting from the cutting process can be determined from the perspective of the overall failure of the material on the macroscopic level. To reveal the mechanism of cutting CFRPs at both levels, a macroscopic model and a microscopic model are established in this study. Orthogonal cutting is applied in both of the models to illuminate the removal process. Combined with experimental observations, the results that obtained from both the macroscopic and microscopic level revealed the different mechanics of cutting CFRPs for different fibre orientations. For example, the forms of fracture that occur at 0° fibre orientation are primary interface cracking and fibre bending; the resulting chips have long shapes.
The thermal expansion behaviour of carbon fiber-reinforced resin mineral composite postcured under various temperatures
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Jianhua , Zheng Yin
Published: January 2017

Carbon fiber-reinforced resin mineral composites have been fabricated under various postcure temperatures. The effects of postcure temperature and fiber dosage on the thermal expansion behaviour of resin mineral composite have been systematically investigated. The resin matrix postcured at 110℃ shows the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion values as a result of the increasing of glass transition temperature ( Tg). The unreinforced resin mineral composite postcured at 110℃ shows the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion values as a result of the decreasing coefficient of thermal expansion values and the increasing modulus of resin matrix. The coefficient of thermal expansion of carbon fiber-reinforced resin mineral composites decreases with increasing the carbon fiber dosage. The carbon fiber-reinforced resin mineral composites show the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion values when the fiber dosage is 1.2%. The theoretical models agree well with the experimental results. Our study indicates that high postcure temperature technique and carbon fiber-reinforced technique are promising routes for the development of resin mineral composite for precision machining tools.
Clustered Newspapers Operate More Efficiently
Authors: Martin Hugh J.
Published: January 2017

Clustered newspapers report sharing resources, such as local newsgathering and printing presses, far more than non-clustered newspapers. They also have smaller newsroom staffs.
Survey of Large Newspapers Studies Information Practices
Authors: Hansen Kathleen , Paul Nora , Neibergall Betsey
Published: January 2017

A survey of daily newspapers with more than 100,000 circulation provides general markers for six areas of information practice: access, training, quality control, archiving, revenue and alerts.
Newspaper Editorials Counter Unfair Judicial Campaign Ads
Authors: Hendrickson Richard D. , Hale F. Dennis
Published: January 2017

An analysis of the editorials published about the 2000 campaign for the Ohio Supreme Court reveals that nearly half of the editorials about the race went into some detail on the content of the television attack advertising.
Case Study Shows Limited Benefits of Convergence
Authors: Ketterer Stan , Weir Tom , Smethers J. Steven , Back James
Published: January 2017

This study examines media convergence at two media companies in Oklahoma City. An analysis of the content of the newspaper and newscasts suggests that the collaboration had limited results.
Local Government News Drives Print Readership
Authors: Hollander Barry
Published: January 2017

National survey data suggest there remains a hunger for local news. The print newspaper audience is made up of those with an interest in both local government and community news, while an increase online is seen only among those interested in community news.
Readers' Mood Affects News Information Processing
Authors: Zhong Bu
Published: January 2017

This study investigates the impact of three moods—happy, sad or neutral—on the way readers process news. Happy individuals recognize more global or general news but less local or detailed information than do those in a sad or neutral mood.
Daily Newspaper Content's Relationship to Publication Cycle and Circulation Size
Authors: Lacy Stephen , Bernstein James M.
Published: January 2017

A content analysis of 114 newspapers showed that publication cycle had little impact on allocation of news and editorial space. Compared to small and medium circulation newspapers, large newspapers gave a greater percentage of news space to staff coverage, foreign news and in-depth coverage, and a smaller percentage of space to news and editorial material and to wire copy. Large and medium size newspapers also differed from small papers in use of editorial pages.
Are Secret Sources in the News Media Really Necessary?
Authors: Gassaway Bob M.
Published: January 2017

Fifteen people who said they had acted as confidential news sources for journalists were interviewed Most said they had been providing confidential information for years as a way of letting the public know things. A majority of the sources said journalists faced with pressure to identify their sources should “ask me to reconsider an agreement” of confidentiality.
Readership of Buried Ads versus Ads Placed beside Reading Matter
Authors: Lewis Wayne
Published: January 2017

A study of readers of the Palatka (Fla.) Daily News finds that readers preferred modular ad layout to traditional “half-pyramid” structure by nearly 2-to-l. Further, there was no significant difference in the readers' attentiveness to ads placed either in the half-pyramid, next to editorial copy, or buried in a modular layout.
Small Caliber Vascular Grafts. Part II: Polyurethanes Revisited
Authors: Zdrahala Richard J.
Published: January 2017

Polyurethanes are considered to be one of the most bio- and blood-compatible biomaterials known today. By intelligent utilization of principles governing the structure/property relationship of these polymers, one can generate systems which resemble, in principle, the physical-mechanical behavior of living tissue. Thus, it is not surprising that these materials played a major role in development of small caliber vascular grafts targeted for vascular access, peripheral and coronary artery bypass indications. Numerous technologies, often esoteric in nature, were and are utilized to generate porous, potentially multilayered conduits possessing some or many characteristics of natural blood vessels. Properties such as durability, elasticity, compliance, pulsatility, and propensity for healing became attainable via polyurethanes. Furthermore, additional surface and/or bulk modification via attachments of biologically active species such as anticoagulants, cell proliferation suppressants, anti-infective compounds or biorecognizable groups are possible due to reactive groups which are part of the polyurethane structure. These modifications are designed to control or mediate host acceptance and healing of the graft. Finally, a myriad of practical processing technologies are used to fabricate functional grafts. Among those, casting, electrostatic and wet spinning of fibers and monofilaments, extrusion, dip coating or spraying of mandrels with polymer/additive solutions are often coupled with chemical-potential-difference-driven coagulation and phase inversion leading to grafts feeling and often behaving like natural vessels.

Historically, the first polyurethanes utilized were hydrolytically unstable polyester polyurethanes containing hydrolysis-prone polyester polyols as soft segments, followed by hydrolytically stable but oxidation sensitive polyether polyols based polyurethanes. Polyether-based polyurethanes and their clones containing silicone and other modifying polymeric intermediates represented significant progress. Many viable technologies were discovered and developed using polyether-based polyurethanes. Chronic in vivo instability observed on prolonged implantation became, however, a major roadblock. The path led finally to the use of hydrolytically and oxidatively stable polycarbonate polyols as the soft segment to generate biodurable materials with resistance to biodegradation adequate for vascular access or perhaps peripheral graft indications. This biodurability needs to be further increased in order to utilize the full potential of polyurethanes in development of patent small caliber graft. Modification of both the soft and hard segments needs to be considered in order to maximize biodurability of both basic building blocks of the polyurethane.

This paper reviews the achievements, discusses trends, and offers the view of the future in this exciting area of material/device combination.
Aluminum Polymeric Implants: In vitro-In vivo Evaluations
Authors: Pathak Yashwant V. , Vanmeeteren Robbie , Dwivedi Chandradhar
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this investigation is to study the effect of long-term subcutaneous aluminum polymeric implants on aluminum release and accumulation in various tissues in rats. The implants were formulated using silicone rubber and polyurethane polymers and three different aluminum salts. The polymeric matrices were evaluated for in vitro release studies. These matrices released aluminum in vitro up to the period of four months. The aluminum matrices were implanted in rats and animals were sacrificed at various time intervals. Various tissues such as brain, kidney, liver, intestine, and heart were isolated. Aluminum in dried tissues was analyzed by Neutron Activation Analysis. Results from this investigation suggest that polymeric aluminum implants raise the aluminum concentration in the brain and liver. However, these implants did not increase aluminum levels in intestine, heart, and kidney. The polymeric aluminum implants could be used to establish an animal model for the neuropathology of dementia.
Energy - The Key to an Ecologically Sustainable Development⊗
Authors: Fritsch Bruno B.
Published: January 2017

In assessing the chances and dangers which exist on the way to a globally sustainable economic system which would provide the basis for a decent living for a population of the magnitude of about 9 to 10 billion people, one cannot deny the tremendous progress mankind made during the last twenty five years. But precisely because such positive developments cannot be expected to last for ever, the question was posed by many social and natural scientists whether, and for how long the carrying capacity of our planet can withstand such “progress”.

In this paper, facts are presented which show that limits are not so much in the area of physical factors, e.g. energy and resources, but rather in our ability to learn and to absorb the speed of technological change, both in psychological and in political terms. Thus the problems we are confronted with are neither of a purely physical nor of a purely economical nature. From a wider perspective, it becomes obvious that man is involved in three interrelated conflicts. He is:

in conflict with nature (environment), in conflict with his fellow men (war), and in conflict with himself (identity between the inner and outer world).

The factors influencing our chances to achieve a situation which is sustainable and socially acceptable as well, have at least three dimensions:

a dimension of evolutionary history, a scientific or technological, and an economico-political dimension.

It is shown that in terms of the time dimensions involved in evolution, the increase of world population occurred in an extremely short period. Therefore, we are right in describing this phenomenon as an “explosion”. The changes connected to the population explosion – agglomerations, new infrastructures, mobility etc., – imposed a great stress upon our psyche. Uncertainty and anxiety gradually changed our behaviour. More and more people tended to blame each other for the “catastrophes” to come. In such an atmosphere of uncertainty, knowledge about the time scale is essential. The time scales of ecological processes differs by magnitudes from the time scale of political processes. A deeper understanding of the underlying processes shows that we do not “consume” energy, but rather transfer high grade energy into waste heat. (Second Law of Thermodynamics). Similarly, we do not “consume” resources, but rather change a given concentration and composition of elements in a way which suits the present purposes. Hence we “consume” state of orders and not matter (law of conservation). These technical transformations require energy and knowledge. The more efficiently we use energy, the better the “eco-efficiency” – a concept which is explained in the article.

It is shown that the key positive factor in achieving any kind of sustainability is knowledge and the key negative factor is further population growth. Hence, if we want to achieve a morally and materially sustainable future we must break the vicious circle of on-going population growth, more poverty, less chances to learn, more violence, more population growth, and so on.
State-Local School and Highway Expenditure Trends, 1965–1966 and 1969–1970
Authors: Lindholm Richard W.
Published: January 2017

The data used in this analysis demonstrate a considerable state variation in support given local schools and highways as measured by percentage of personal income. In the area of education, the general situation demonstrated by the data is that the property tax, plus the assistance it received, did no more than keep up with personal income during the five-year period under study, which was also a period when local schooling demands were very strong. Highways, which are nearly entirely financed from fuel tax revenues, absorbed a general declining portion of personal income during the period of the great expansion of urban-related highway expansion needs and the completion of much of the interstate highway system.

The analysis demonstrates some decline and certainly considerable stability of the portion of personal income used for local schools and highways. The findings do not support the common attitude that a service having access to a tied revenue source is able to benefit from relatively luxurious financing Undoubtedly, the fact that this was a period of rapid inflation of incomes and that neither the property tax nor the gasoline tax possesses an automatic adjustment for price increases affected the level of support provided local education and highways during the 1965–1966 and 1969–1970 periods of great need.
Targets, Tradeoffs, and Economic Policy: A Generalized Phillips Curve
Authors: Maital Shl Omo
Published: January 2017

Frank Bechling recently wrote that “the concentration on the trade-off between unemployment and inflation and the neglect of trade-offs between unemployment and other variables (balance of payments, economic growth, structural change, and income distribution) may lead to a suboptimal choice between inflation and unemployment.”

Starting from this proposition, this paper uses a simple yet believable model to construct simulated short-run transformation curves for major economic objectives. One of these curves is the familiar Phillips curve relation between inflation and unemployment.

Proper design of policy demands knowledge of subjective preferences, as well as objective tradeoffs, among economic goals. A tentative empirical method for investigating preferences is set out, along with some initial findings.
The Sacred Power of Lego-Chi
Authors: Undheim Sissel
Published: January 2017

With a focus on the significance attributed to ‘Chi’ in Lego, Legends of Chima, the aim of this article is to examine how religion is produced, reproduced and transmitted in the products and narratives that have been developed around one of the toy company Lego’s recent commercial successes. The article will explore the intersection between New Age spirituality, transmedia toy supersystems and global, hybridized popular culture as a noteworthy site for religious change, a site where Lego accordingly becomes a potential contributor in these transformations.
Young Adults’ Conceptions of the Sacred in Finland Today
Authors: Ranta Mette , Pessi Anne Birgitta , Grönlund Henrietta
Published: January 2017

This study examined young adults’ perspectives on the concept of the sacred. Altogether, 334 young Finnish adults aged 19–35 were studied through a self-report questionnaire. The participants’ personal conceptions, reflections and experiences of the sacred were assessed with open-ended questions. Answers were classified in a data-determined content analysis using a thematic analytical approach. In addition, the study examined how these understandings of the sacred were related to subjective religiosity and how the definitions vary across gender. The findings suggest that the conceptions of the sacred mainly concentrate on individuality and personal issues, including personal opinion, rest and peace, but also close social relationships and the church as an institution. By differentiating the conceptions of the sacred, this study reflects cultural interpretations of what the sacred means and integrates the concept in the theory of young adulthood as a life course phase and in the sociology of youth.
Rapid Communication Display Technology Efficiency in a Multi-Task Environment
Authors: Osgood Sarah Swierenga , Boff Kenneth R. , Donovan Rebecca S.
Published: January 2017

The present study examined the advantage of Rapid Communication (RAP-COM) Display Technology over conventional spatially arrayed displays in the context of secondary task demands. This research represents an early step in assessing the use of RAP-COM display techniques in multi-task environments. Eight subjects were instructed to respond to briefly presented visual stimuli, while concurrently performing an unstable tracking task at two levels of difficulty. Duration thresholds, obtained using a moment-to-moment adaptive tracking performance procedure, were collected for RAP-COM and spatially arrayed displays while RMS error scores were collected from the unstable tracking task performance. Information transfer rates for the RAP-COM technique were faster than for the spatially distributed array under both the single and dual task conditions. Regardless of secondary tracking task difficulty, subjects were able to maintain primary task performance levels on RAP-COM and spatial display tasks, although a decrement in tracking performance was seen.
Impending Strategic Business Alliance of ASEAN–India: An Experiential Conjecture
Authors: Prusty Twinkle
Published: January 2017

A dynamic export demand model of India–Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) competitiveness is estimated that explicates India’s strategic export behaviour to the nth country in ASEAN in relation to the import function and the unit value of exports of India implicit to the local price level of the consumer country. The research article identifies the structure within which improvement of connectivity of India’s technical expertise could be extended to ASEAN for comprehensive and wide-ranging economic cooperation.

The study’s inferences contribute in entailing how the ASEAN community recognises the need to provide necessary capacity building and to initiate reforms for enhancing their business competitiveness and to upgrade their national enterprises at a more sophisticated level determining their future competitiveness. While, on one hand, it seems that economic integration will remain the key to ASEAN competitiveness in the countenance of vicious competition in the global marketplace, on the other hand, the trade and investment relations of the ASEAN with other countries, particularly with developed economies, will also foster their investment development path and prosperity. In addition to the possibilities of India–ASEAN integration, other challenging efforts for governance would narrow the development gaps among ASEAN economies. This corroborates prospects for India in a constructive manner yielding association within the ASEAN economic framework that will eventually congregate with the affiliation. The findings entail that economists pay much more attention in identifying other sources of permanent and Asian country-specific real changes to explain economic fluctuations in ASEAN economies.
Parasites of the spiny loach Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 (Pisces: Cobitidae) from Saratov Reservoir
Authors: Минеева  , Mineeva O.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research. To study the species composition of the parasite fauna and the infestation rate of the spiny loach Cobitis taenia Linnaeus, 1758 from Saratov Reservoir. Materials and methods. The material was collected in the Mordovo-Kol’tsovsky area of the Reservoir (the middle part of the reservoir) in 2009 and 2014–2015. Fishing was carried out by a hydrobiological net. Totally 47 individuals of spiny loach were investigated by the method of full parasitological autopsy. Collection, fixation and office studies were carried out using the standard technique; diagnostics of species composition of parasites — by identification guides. To estimate the rate of fish invasion, we used the common parasitological indices: extensity of invasion, intensity of invasion and the index of abundance of parasites. Results and discussion. 7 species of parasites belonging to 5 classes: Monogenea — 1, Cestoda — 1, Trematoda — 3, Nematoda — 1, Bivalvia — 1 were found in the spiny loach Cobitis taenia Linnaeus from Saratov Reservoir. The species composition of parasites and the level of host infestation directly depend on the lifestyle and nutrition of fishes. Eating the infected benthic and weed bed invertebrates (oligochaetes, larvae and adult insects), the spiny loach becomes infected with 3 species of helminths. 4 species of parasites infect the host using the active infestation way. Most of the parasites found in fish from different families and groups are wide specific. The parasite fauna includes 1 species, narrow specific for the spiny loach (monogenea Gyrodactylus latus Bychowsky, 1933) and 1 species specific for loaches (fam. Cobitidae) — metacercariae of Holostephanus cobitis Opravilova, 1968. For 4 species of parasites, the spiny loach is the final (definitive) host, for 3 — intermediate. The dominant species in the composition of the parasite fauna C. taenia is the trematode H. cobitidis (mtc.); the extensity of infection with it reaches 97,9%, the abundance index is 10,8 ind. Fluke larvae infect fishes (using the active way) penetrating through the skin. The most pathogenic for spiny loach parasites are the monogenea G. latus, metacercariae of trematodes H. cobitidis and Paracoenogonimus ovatus Katsurada, 1914, the larva of the nematode Raphidascaris acus Bloch, 1779.
Distribution and prevention of haemosporidia infections among the cattle in the republic of Dagestan
Authors: Мусаева  , Musaeva M. , Курочкина  , Kurochkina K. , Абдулмагомедов  , Abdulmagomedov S. , Мусаев  , Musaev Z , Шихрагимов  , Shikhragimov E.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research: Determination of the efficiency of 5% concentration Diminazene aceturate at the dose of 0.25 mg/kg body in combination with polyethylene glycol solution applied against piroplasmidosis in cattle.

Materials and methods: Trial of the new method of prolonged chemoprevention was carried out in one of the farms of Dagestan, which is unfavorable for piroplasmidosis. Aceturate contained in this drug rapidly inhibits DNA in cells of blood parasites, which leads to their death within several hours. Diminazene aceturate proved to be effective against piroplasmidosis, babesiosis, taleriosis, hemosporidosis of animals. The experiment was conducted on 30 head of cattle divided into 3 groups 10 head in each. Animals of two groups received the preparation and prolongator at the dose of 0,25 mg/kg in the 15% aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycols (PEG), and at the dose of 0,25 mg/kg in the 20% aqueous solutions; the third group served as a control (received the preparation without prolongator). Efficacy of the method was estimated by periodic examination of blood smears from experimental animals for plasmodia in erythrocytes and synchronous measurement of body temperature of animals.

Results and discussion: It was found that the method of prolonged chemoprophylaxis applied against piroplasmidosis in animals (at the dose of 5 ml per 100 kg body weight, 6 times every 25 days) enables disease prevention during the whole disease season. Such method allows reducing the number of treatments from 24 to 12-13 times in a season. In addition, data on the distribution of hemosporidia infections among the cattle in the Republic of Dagestan were clarified.
Prolonged forms of anthelmintic drugs
Authors: Шняк  , Shnyak E. , Кедик  , Kedik S. , Енгашева  , Engasheva E. , Суслов  , Suslov V. , Максимова  , Maksimova P.
Published: January 2017

Purpose of the research — to conduct analysis of the status and perspective of application of prolonged forms of anthelmintic drugs in veterinary.

Materials and methods. On the topic of development and application of prolonged forms of anthelmintic in veterinary was conducted the analysis of 27 literature sources including 23 foreign authors. Were analyzed the data about kinetics of avermectins and praziquantel in the animals body and comparative results about dependence and correlation of pharmacokinetic parameters with their anthelmintics efficiency.

The results and discussion. Prolonged forms of avermectins which prevent the infections for long period are developing to prevent infection of animals during grazing season. Attempts to create prolonged dosage forms of praziquantel to prevent the Schistosoma japonicum infections are currently in progress. Was shown the possibility of obtaining polymeric microspheres, which contains ivermectins in the form of implants. As solvents are used N-methylpyrrolidone, triacetin, benzyl benzoate etc. Mixes of composite based on sucrose, acetate isobutyrate and polylactic acid is offered for prolongation of the action of ivermectin, which is provides release of ivermectin within 80 days. Were described prolonged forms of praziquantel as the implants on a base of polycaprolactone and it’s mix with polyethylene glycol, which is obtained by extrusion of a melt of a mixture of praziquantel and polymers.
Hubungan Intensitas Paparan Bising Dan Masa Kerja Dengan Gangguan Pendengaran Pada Karyawan PT. X
Authors: Marisdayana Rara , Suhartono Suhartono , Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Published: January 2017

Noise exposure can cause hearing loss types of conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss or deafness mix. Noise exposure in  the long term and exceeds the NAB may cause damage to the cochlea which will result in sensorineural deafness. Conductive hearing loss caused by exposure to noise intensity that occur within a short time can cause trauma to the outer ear to the eardrum and middle ear. This was an observational cross sectional design. The sample in this study were employees of PT. X with inclusion criteria. Collecting data using tools such as questionnaires and for hearing loss was measured using a audiometer. The results by Chi-Square test showed significant relation between noise exposure with hearing loss (p = 0.001; PR 2.7 (95%CI : 1.3-5.2) Have a significant relationship between the period of work with hearing loss (p = 0.000; PR 3.3 (95%CI : 1.9-5.9). The stratification analyze can be conclude variables ear disease history, period of work, family history, age it’s not counfounding, whereas length of employment it’s counfounding to the noise exposure and hearing loss as well as increase the risk of hearing loss. Noise exposure and period of work is risk factor for the hearing loss in PT.  X
Kajian Dampak Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat Terhadap Akses Sanitasi di Kabupaten Wonogiri
Authors: Ichwanudin Ichwanudin
Published: January 2017

Title: The Impact  Study of Community Based Total Sanitation  to Sanitation Access in District of Wonogiri.Background: Enhancement number of achievement sanitation access in District of Wonogiri decline every years in last three years. Enhancement sanitation access in 2012 is 4,1%, 2013 is 3,1% and 2014 is 1,6%. While improved sanitation facility growth in 2013 and 2014 only 1,3%.Methode: This research aimed to description various enabling factors CBTS to sanitation access enhancement in District of Wonogiri. This research was an analytic with cross sectional approach. The samples were 7 peoples member of AMPL organization, 25 peoples sub-district government agency and 73 village government agency. The data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test, Kruskall Wallis test and Correlation Pearson. Results: Based on researh, AMPL manage organization performance is good. Sub-district which as CBTS manage organization reach 68% while village only 25%. Sanitation access poliy realitation in sub-district is 24% and village 25%. Sub-district government rating that Public Health Care Headman with big contribute in sanitation access enhancement is 48% and village government is 29%. BOK funding allocation enhancement average is 44%. Only one sub-district has organized capacity building.Conclusion: Analysis results refer to CBTS manage organization performance, Policy,  Capacity Building in sub-district and village, Public Health Care Headman policy, not different contribute for sanitation access in District of Wonogiri. While BOK funding allocation enhancement not influence sub-district sanitation access enhancement in District of Wonogiri.
Red algal parasites: a synopsis of described species, their hosts, distinguishing characters and areas for continued research
Authors: Preuss Maren , Nelson Wendy A. , Zuccarello Giuseppe C.
Published: January 2017

Red algal parasites are diverse organisms that are unusual due to the fact that many are closely related to their hosts. Parasitism has developed many times within different red algal groups, but the full extent of parasite biodiversity is unknown, as parasites are easily overlooked due to their small size and often low abundance. Additionally, the literature on red algal parasites is dispersed and has not been compiled in over 30 years. Although criteria have been proposed to define what constitutes a red algal parasite, many parasites are poorly described, and the cellular interactions with their host are poorly known. A few studies have demonstrated that parasites transfer organelles to host cells, which can alter the physiology of the host to the benefit of the parasite. Here, we apply a set of defining criteria for parasites to a compiled list of all described red algal parasites. Our results highlight the lack of knowledge of many key parasitic processes including early parasite development, host cell “control”, and parasite origin. Until the biology of more parasites is studied, generalisations on the processes of parasitism in red algae may be premature. We hope this synopsis will stimulate research into this fascinating group.
Improved Bidirectional CABOSFV Based on Multi-Adjustment Clustering and Simulated Annealing
Authors: Yang Minghan , Gao Xuedong , Li Ling
Published: January 2017

Although Clustering Algorithm Based on Sparse Feature Vector (CABOSFV) and its related algorithms are efficient for high dimensional sparse data clustering, there exist several imperfections. Such imperfections as subjective parameter designation and order sensibility of clustering process would eventually aggravate the time complexity and quality of the algorithm. This paper proposes a parameter adjustment method of Bidirectional CABOSFV for optimization purpose. By optimizing Parameter Vector (PV) and Parameter Selection Vector (PSV) with the objective function of clustering validity, an improved Bidirectional CABOSFV algorithm using simulated annealing is proposed, which circumvents the requirement of initial parameter determination. The experiments on UCI data sets show that the proposed algorithm, which can perform multi-adjustment clustering, has a higher accurateness than single adjustment clustering, along with a decreased time complexity through iterations.
Chinese Text Auto-Categorization on Petro-Chemical Industrial Processes
Authors: Ni Jing , Gao Ge , Chen Pengyu
Published: January 2017

There is a huge growth in the amount of documents of corporations in recent years. With this paper we aim to improve classification performance and to support the effective management of massive technical material in the domain-specific field. Taking the field of petro-chemical process as a case, we study in detail the influence of parameters on classification accuracy when using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Text auto-classification algorithm. Advantages and disadvantages of the two text classification algorithms are presented in the field of petro-chemical processes. Our tests also show that more attention to the professional vocabulary can significantly improve the F1 value of the two algorithms. These results have reference value for the future information classification in related industry fields.
Improved Chirp Scaling Algorithm for Processing Squinted Mode Synthetic Aperture Sonar Data
Authors: Fan Naiqiang , Wang Yingmin , Lv Yarong
Published: January 2017

The conventional Chirp Scaling Algorithm is mainly used in side looking or small squint angle mode of synthetic aperture imaging. In application of synthetic sonar, the large squint angle imaging is often required and the range-azimuth coupling is serious. On the basis of studying the principle of the conventional Chirp Scaling Algorithm, we improved the imaging algorithm in large squint mode. We analysed the structure of the echo frequency spectrum and the compensation of phase factor. The improved imaging algorithm designs a more precision of phase compensation factor, and eliminates the high order degree of range and azimuth coupling in the specific mapping band. Any target point is simulated in imaging region by using the improved algorithm. The simulation conclusion showed that the improved Chirp Scaling Algorithm is able to meet the imaging focus and is more suitable to slant imaging as compared with the traditional algorithm.
A Context-Awareness Personalized Tourist Attraction Recommendation Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Pan Huali , Xu Gongwen , Wang Yongkang , Zhang Pengfei
Published: January 2017

With the rapid development of social networks, location based social network gradually rises. In order to retrieve user’s most preferred attractions from a large number of tourism information, personalized recommendation algorithm based on the geographic location has been widely concerned in academic and industry. Aiming at the problem of low accuracy in personalized tourism recommendation system, this paper presents a personalized algorithm for tourist attraction recommendation – RecUFG Algorithm, which combines user collaborative filtering technology with friends trust relationships and geographic context. This algorithm fully exploits social relations and trust friendship between users, and by means of the geographic information between user and attraction location, recommends users most interesting attractions. Experimental results on real data sets demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm. Compared with the existing recommendation algorithm, it has a higher prediction accuracy and customer satisfaction.
Generation Method and Application of Product-Oriented Medial Axis
Authors: Peng Jianjun , Wang Hui , Li Jiping , Song Chuanming
Published: January 2017

In this paper, the generation method of the medial axis in the arbitrary quadrilateral surface is proposed. It can provide a solution for the simplification of the complex fillet feature and the generation of the mesh in the model. By using the locus method associated with moving Frenet frame, we realize the simple and fast algorithm for generating the medial axis. As for the engineering problem, B-rep 3D solid models with clear boundary definition are mostly applied; the information of vertex, side and surface of the model, which is clearly stored in the model file, can be used to simplify the traditional locus method for generating the medial axis, in order to reduce the amount of data required by the generation. In this paper, we use the clear boundary information in the B-rep model as the condition for generating the medial axis and the characteristics of the bisector to eliminate the calculation of the branch points, reducing the factors affecting the accuracy of the medial axis. In order to ensure the accuracy of the medial axis, the density of the insertion points can be used for control.