bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ética da contenção em psiquiatria: dilemas jurisdicionais e os direitos dos pacientes em unidades de atendimento
Authors: Lins Gabrielle Kirk Maddy , Pereira Pablo Gnutzmann , Spolidoro Fernando Kladt , Nery Silvia Batista , Oliveira Mackson Pereira de , Oliveira Francilane Lomas da Costa , Pereira Jádinny Joedisa de Oliveira Farias Rosa , Pereira Misael Rosa , Pereira Moisés Rosa
Published: January 2025

O estudo aborda a prática de contenção de pacientes psiquiátricos graves em estabelecimentos de saúde, investigando sua aplicação e os impactos éticos, legais e clínicos dessa intervenção. A justificativa surge da necessidade de analisar a prática dentro do contexto normativo brasileiro, especialmente à luz da Lei no 10.216/2001, que propõe cuidados mais humanizados e menos invasivos. O objetivo principal é avaliar as condições que legitimam o uso da contenção, discutindo alternativas terapêuticas e formas de capacitação dos profissionais. A metodologia adotada é uma revisão bibliográfica qualitativa, focada em artigos acadêmicos, normativas regulatórias e protocolos institucionais. O conteúdo do trabalho explora as diferentes formas de contenção (física, mecânica e farmacológica), critérios clínicos para sua aplicação, e os impactos da contenção na saúde mental, ressaltando a importância de alternativas que minimizem o uso dessas intervenções. O estudo visa contribuir para o aprimoramento das políticas públicas de saúde mental e fortalecer práticas clínicas fundamentadas no respeito à dignidade dos pacientes.
Meliponicultura: uma tecnologia socioambiental para os territórios amazônicos
Authors: Silva Fábio Pinto
Published: January 2025

Os territórios amazônicos têm sofrido, ao longo dos anos, diversos danos em sua estrutura social, econômica, ambiental e cultural. Esses danos são gerados principalmente pela ação antrópica baseada sobretudo no modelo capitalista de desenvolvimento. Diante desse cenário, é necessário explorar novas tecnologias capazes de conciliar a relação entre as populações tradicionais e o meio ambiente da Amazônia. Este artigo, fundamentado em uma revisão bibliográfica realizada nas plataformas cientificas Scielo, Periódico Capes e Google Acadêmico, busca investigar de que forma a meliponicultura, a criação de abelhas nativas sem ferrão se relaciona com o ambiente amazônico e suas populações tradicionais e como essa atividade pode se consolidar em uma tecnologia socioambiental pois sua alta sustentabilidade é verificada em uma ocupação que não degrada o ambiente, não provoca alterações climáticas, não polui, não destrói hábitats, não explora recursos naturais renováveis acima de sua capacidade de regeneração, nem resulta em extinções de espécies. Além disso, tem grande potencial de geração de renda suplementar para as populações tradicionais e agricultores familiares da Amazônia. Diante disso, conclui-se que a meliponicultura emerge como uma alternativa promissora para auxiliar no desenvolvimento sustentável da região amazônica, porém é necessário políticas publicas e mais aprofundamento científico para fortalecer os níveis dinâmicos e complexos dessa atividade.
Particleboards manufactured with the addition of Jerusalem artichoke(Helianthus tuberosus L.) particles
Authors: Kozerska Julia , Koawaluk Grzegorz
Published: January 2025

Particleboards manufactured with the addition of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)particles. The research was conducted to investigate the potential use of Jerusalem artichoke stem woodyparticles as an alternative raw material for particleboard production. For the purpose of the study, five variants ofboards with different mass shares of Jerusalem artichoke were made under laboratory conditions. The resultingboards were tested for selected mechanical and physical properties. The outcomes show that the particleboardsmade entirely from Jerusalem artichoke meet the requirements for P2 boards according to sufficient Europeanstandards.
CONDIÇÕES DA SAÚDE BUCAL NA PERFORMANCE DO ATLETA DE ALTO RENDIMENTO
Authors: Callou Filho Cesario Rui , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa , Vale Clovys Rodrigues Silva do , Gadelha Pamela Caroline Forte , Silva Naiara Pereira da , Figueredo Manoela Morais de , Menezes Carlos Freitas Bezerra de , Montenegro Juliana Pinto , Nogueira Cinthya Quagliato
Published: January 2025

Introdução: A saúde bucal inadequada em atletas pode acarretar múltiplas consequências nocivas, primordialmente infecções e inflamações orais. Essas condições possuem um elevado potencial de impacto negativo, afetando não somente a saúde sistêmica do indivíduo, mas também comprometendo o desempenho atlético. Objetivo: Descrever, através da literatura, a relação da saúde bucal na performance do atleta de alto rendimento. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo revisão integrativa desenvolvido no período de fevereiro a novembro de 2024. Os termos foram utilizados com base no DeCS e MeSH para coleta dos artigos nos sites Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Google Acadêmico e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). O processo de busca se deu por pares e, ao final, usou-se uma planilha do excel para inserir as informações e posteriormente interpretá-las, com ênfase em esportes olímpicos, faixa etária a partir dos 13 anos de idade e atletas de alta performance. Resultados: Ao final da busca, o processo resultou em 7 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, distribuídos em quadros que norteiam as informações. Considerações finais: É evidente que há maior prevalência da doença cárie e da doença periodontal nestes atletas do que na população em geral.
Introduction
Authors: Dick Bruce Allen
Published: January 2025

The introduction provides an overview and chapter summary of Thunder on the Stage. It examines how Wright maintained a dramatic imagination throughout his life, a dramatic slant on art and its possibilities that not only shaped his social behavior during his youth but also influenced his writing across genres. The book also shows how both his fiction and his nonfiction inspired Wright’s theatrical work as well as the other performative and visual mediums he explored throughout his career. This intertextual exchange among drama, fiction, and nonfiction spanned Wright’s life as a writer, beginning in the 1930s when he composed a rough manuscript of Lawd Today! (1963), his posthumously published first novel.
The Ethics of Acting Jim Crow
Authors: Dick Bruce Allen
Published: January 2025

Chapter 1 examines the theatrical language that Wright appropriated in his autobiographies, novels, and short fiction—arguably his most significant work—to describe both his own troubled past and the dire predicaments of fictional characters in a racist American society. Taking his cue from the writings of W.E.B. Du Bois and James Weldon Johnson, he repeatedly alludes to acting, performance, speech, movement, props, and other dramatic conventions to help convey this theatricality. Because his fiction and nonfiction coincided with his own attempts at playwriting, one kind of writing inspired the other.
Distant Thunder
Authors: Dick Bruce Allen
Published: January 2025

Chapter 3 focuses on Wright’s tenure as a publicity advisor for the Federal Negro Theater in Chicago. Because Wright at this time was still trying to determine his direction as a writer, it also explores his early attempts at playwriting, including the incomplete manuscript “The Burkes” as well as several dramatic sketches. He also wrote a lengthy proposal called “United We Stand, Divided We Fall” for the Lenin Memorial Pageant in 1939. This ambitious project uses song, dance, and dialogue to follow the journey of an older man and his grandson on their way to a cultural festival commemorating the rise of the USSR.
Acting Bigger Thomas
Authors: Dick Bruce Allen
Published: January 2025

Chapter 8 examines the film version of Native Son, shot primarily in Argentina in 1949. The film has received renewed interest since former president Barack Obama brought home a newly restored full print of Native Son following his 2016 diplomatic visit to Buenos Aires. The film suffers from amateurish acting and a narrative that fails to capture the racial tension of Wright’s novel. The chapter analyzes Wright’s acting debut as Bigger Thomas. It also examines the screenplay, which Wright wrote. Although the film was panned by most critics, the accomplishments of the diverse crew and cast that director Pierre Chenal assembled is impressive.
“The Right to Govern Their Own Bodies”
Authors: Chávez Marisela R.
Published: January 2025

Chapter four brings into focus the struggle for reproductive justice in Los Angeles in the 1970s to explore the heterogenous Chicana feminist and non-feminist experiences and ideologies that shaped the body politics of Chicana liberation activism in the period. Chicana reproductive justice was challenging considering nationalist ideology that privileged the family as the foundation of Chicano struggle. This chapter addresses how Mexican American women used bridging activist practices, particularly coalition building, print culture, and establishing institutions, to strategically bring this sensitive issue into a more public discussion, which provided a template for campaigns dealing with other fraught topics.
The Military Type
Authors: Favara Jeremiah
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores efforts between 1992 and 2000 to portray a multicultural military. In response to the Persian Gulf War, policy changes related to gender and sexuality, and an industrial and cultural emphasis on multiculturalism, advertisers created ads focusing on narratives of transformation. Based on an embrace of combat and a push to portray the military as racially diverse, recruiting ads promised Black men and Latinx men a transformative experience, in which they could fulfill expectations of racialized citizenship by becoming warrior patriots and embodiments of state authority. In contrast, ads touting new positions for women emphasized how the military would not transform women but, rather, required them to remain recognizable as women within gender normativity and narratives of hetero-romance.
College-Bred Black Women at Predominantly White Institutions in the Post–Civil War Era
Authors: Perkins Linda M.
Published: January 2025

“The College Bred Black Woman in Women’s Colleges Post Civil War” discusses the small but important number of African American women who studied at elite white private institutions (the Seven Sister Colleges) and other private white schools in the nineteenth and early twentieth century outside the South. Many of these women had studied abroad. In the 1920s, Alpha Kappa Alpha, the oldest Black women’s sorority, began offering fellowships for its members to study abroad. Beginning in the mid-1920s, Black women studied at the Sorbonne, the University of Berlin, Oxford, and other European institutions.
Education and Marginality
Authors: Perkins Linda M.
Published: January 2025

This chapter focuses on the change in attitudes in the African American community regarding gender roles after the 1940s. The chapter’s title is one of the four major dissertations published during the 1940s and 1950s that highlighted the dilemmas facing Black women college students related to gender roles. The study noted these women’s “marginality” within the Black community. Sexism was rampant on Black college campuses even though Black women were the majority at most of the campuses. Black women served on the faculties of these institutions, including the all-male-Morehouse College. This chapter concludes with a discussion of how the quest for “race uplift” clashed with gender expectations within the race.
Paper Party Power Broker
Authors: Lause Mark A.
Published: January 2025

Carsey took a public role in the formative years of labor reform politics against the backdrop of a general Democratic revolt against Boss Tweed’s faction in the Tammany Hall machine. Carsey participated in the efforts of the International Workingmen’s Association to launch a labor party, and, after its failure and the IWA’s abandonment of the project, he maintained it as a party that actually existed and not only on paper. This allowed him to claim to represent the city’s labor movement in both the local press and national gatherings of third-party movements. The 1876 Democratic presidential candidate, Samuel J. Tilden, had been a key figure in the dissolution of the Tweed Ring, and his enemies in the local party sustained their own faction of “Greenback Democrats.”
Independents and Partisan Pantomimes
Authors: Lause Mark A. , Lause Mark A.
Published: January 2025

Carsey, with a spate of credentials, became one of the key figures in the 1876 national convention of the Greenback Party and secured its presidential nomination of Peter Cooper, the philanthropist with connections both ideological and familial to the Democratic party. While sincere insurgents supported the effort, veteran politicos understood it as an effort to siphon off Republican voters in the Midwest. The national strike wave of 1877 generated a massive insurgency that threatened to build a real third party, to which Carsey responded by fostering a series of rival Greenback parties in New York. Democrats, both obscure and prominent, such as Ben Butler, remained part of the effort to run an independent presidential campaign in 1880 only to demonstrably sabotage it piecemeal.
San Francisco Reds
Authors: Cherny Robert W.
Published: January 2025

San Francisco Reds takes a somewhat biographical approach to the history of the Communist Party (CP) in the San Francisco Bay Area: it follows fifty-some individuals’ relation to the CP and places those individuals’ histories within the larger context of the CP in the Bay Area, in California, in the United States, and internationally. The book begins with organization of the CP in 1919, its early history, and the factional struggles of the 1920s and then looks at CP members’ activities in labor organizing and legal defense in the 1930s, the CP’s involvement in mainstream politics in the late 1930s, and the World War II Popular Front. San Francisco Reds then presents the successive crises faced by the CP after World War II, including a Moscow-ordered reorganization, Smith Act prosecutions, Khrushchev’s revelations and the invasion of Hungary, and the mass resignations of the late 1950s. Three-fifths of the individuals left the party, most in the 1950s. The book follows many of those individuals’ later lives, including those who left and those who remained. A continuing thread is the relation between the U.S. party and the Soviet Union and individuals’ changing views of that relation. The study includes several Supreme Court decisions involving California Communists, most of which extended civil liberties.
An Uncertain Beginning, 1919–1930
Authors: Cherny Robert W.
Published: January 2025

“An Uncertain Beginning, 1919-1930,” traces the origin of the Communist Party in California, introduces several individuals who appear in later chapters, and summarizes CP activities in the early and mid-1920s. Topics include going underground, joining the party, failed electoral efforts, life in the party, and the California Commune (an agricultural commune created by California CP members in Soviet Russia). Other topics include outreach efforts to Asian Americans and the Comintern-dictated reorganization in the mid-1920s. Key individuals include Anita Whitney, Eugene Dennis, William Schneiderman, Ella Reeve Bloor, Dorothy Ray Healey, and Louise Todd Lambert.
Prelude to the Popular Front, 1930–1935
Authors: Cherny Robert W.
Published: January 2025

“Prelude to the Popular Front, 1930-1935,” presents the CP’s important new directions under the leadership of Sam Darcy, including a newspaper; redirecting the Unemployed Councils; organizing agricultural workers through the Cannery and Agricultural Workers International Union; the 1933 cotton strike; the longshore, maritime, and general strikes of 1934; Harry Bridges; and the 1934 state elections and Upton Sinclair. The chapter concludes with the prosecution and imprisonment of local party leaders. Key individuals include Harrison George, Caroline Decker, and Louise Todd Lambert.
The Party in Crisis, 1945–1950
Authors: Cherny Robert W.
Published: January 2025

“The Party in Crisis, 1945-1950,” surveys events in the late 1940s, beginning with the Duclos Article (a directive from Moscow to disavow Browder’s political association and return to a militant party); the subsequent reorganization of the party at the state and local levels; the heyday of the city’s labor-left culture, especially the California Labor School; the CP’s participation in local and state elections; and its many expulsions, including the white chauvinism campaign. Key figures include David Jenkins and Oleta O’Connor Yates.
Introduction
Authors: González Sergio M.
Published: January 2025

The Introduction presents the overarching historical narrative and underlying theoretical framework of the manuscript. Drawing from labor, immigration, and religious history and the field of hospitality studies, it reframes the history of Latinos in the Midwest and across the United States by presenting several key arguments about the importance of religion in the settlement experience of Latino immigrants, migrants, and refugees, including how religiosity and sacred spaces shaped the experiences of Latinos across the twentieth century; how those spaces not only provided fellowship but also offered Latinos moral justification for social movements; and how the sacred spaces that Latinos constructed in Wisconsin served as critical locations for pan-Latino and pan-ethnic collaboration.
Epilogue
Authors: González Sergio M.
Published: January 2025

The book’s Epilogue stresses the continued importance of faith, religious institutions, and social movements within Wisconsin’s Latino communities into the present. Turning to the resurgent sanctuary movement of the early twenty-first century, this section reiterates the importance of studies that incorporate analyses of religion and community formation to better understand historical and contemporary understandings of Latino belonging in the United States. It grapples with the central question of the text—if Latinos living in Wisconsin will ever truly feel like full citizens and residents of the state—by considering if hospitality efforts across the twentieth century have brought them closer to feeling like “strangers no longer.”
Circus World
Authors: Ringer Andrea
Published: January 2025

Circus World: Roustabouts, Animals, and the Work of Putting on the Big Show examines the circus as a workplace during its Golden Age, from the 1870s until the 1960s. It is not focused on one particular circus. Instead, it considers the entire circus world, the wider collection of traveling shows. This study investigates how circus workers—a group that comprised adults, children, and animals from around the world—understood their own labor and shaped their workplace. Behind the scenes, practices in the circus world resembled those of other companies in the corporate landscape. But as a workplace it also operated much like a mobile company town, with systems that financially tethered employees to their employer through paternalistic policies that offered room and board rather than pay. Workers also labored and lived in the same space, which blurred lines between work and home life. Circus World explores the performative labor of physical and emotional work that created the circus world, and the ways that identity affected how circus workers understood their own lives and labor. Despite their varied identities, workers often banded together under the circus world banner, helping create this workplace in the late nineteenth century and then dismantle it in the mid-twentieth century.
Captive, Coerced, and Frontline Sideshow Workers
Authors: Ringer Andrea
Published: January 2025

This chapter considers people who labored in the sideshow and focuses on their unique labor and activism. Their work was some of the most contested on the circus lot, as audiences alternately cast them as performers or otherwise unemployable workers. “Revolt of the Freaks,” a term invented by the press or perhaps circus management, referred to labor activism by the sideshow workers in the Barnum circus in the late nineteenth century. But in their protests, sideshow workers made real demands for better working conditions. In many ways, these workers had the most personal interactions with circusgoers, and their presence on the lot was one of the most sought-after parts of circus day.
The Circus as Big Business
Authors: Ringer Andrea
Published: January 2025

This chapter takes a top-down perspective, digging deeper into the business of the circus and examining how workers felt about increasing corporatization. It tracks the circus world business from its early years, with hundreds of independent tented shows, to its later consolidation under the Ringling banner. The shift to non-Ringling management signaled real changes in the circus world, affecting workers and audience members alike. Within this longer history, the circus continued to stay in step with other corporations in the ways that it approached employee relations and other practices behind the scenes. Moreover, as a business that relied heavily on colonial networks, the circus was profoundly affected by policies and changes happening continents away.
The Making of the Circus Celebrity
Authors: Ringer Andrea
Published: January 2025

As a worksite that engaged in constant movement across various city, state, and national borders, the circus landed in local news reports around the world. Rarely reporting solely on the actual big top performance, local papers instead offered insights into the makings of the circus world. Circus performers, both human and animal, acted as international celebrities. When workers fell ill, elephants went rogue, or babies were born among circus families, newspapers were there to report on it for their curious audiences. Shows capitalized on tragedy, immediately advertising lion tamers who survived attacks, thereby grounding themselves in a “there is no such thing as bad publicity” business model. Circuses also enlarged the celebrity status of their workers with corporate sponsorships that filled the pages of their programs. Yet this publicity, which made celebrities out of low-wage workers, also helped dismantle the circus world through its advertisement of worker demands for fair labor practices.
Restoring Justice to Muslims
Authors: Yesil Bilge
Published: January 2025

A central goal of the AKP’s global communication apparatus is to portray Turkey as a benevolent power, particularly one that champions oppressed Muslims. To this end, AKP-supported outlets highlight the challenges faced by Muslims worldwide, focusing on Islamophobia in the West. Through an analysis of English-language media content, reports, and conferences, this chapter investigates how the AKP government incorporates Muslim identity politics into its global outreach efforts. It reveals that the AKP’s communication initiatives depict Muslims as victims, employing populist dichotomies such as good verses bad, just verses unjust, and Muslims verses the West. This chapter argues that the AKP uses Islamophobia on a transactional basis to further its geopolitical economic agenda and to conceal its repressive nature.
Palos Verdes
Authors: Moser Patrick
Published: January 2025

Bluff Cove in Palos Verdes had been an important place for “Doc” Ball ever since he was a child. He formalized his relationship in 1935 when he co-founded the Palos Verdes Surfing Club. Bluff Cove soon represented the club’s collective vision of recreating their dream of Waikīkī. Ball’s club newsletter, Ye Weekly Super Illustrated Spintail (1935 to 1940) codified what it meant to be a surfer at this seminal moment in the sport’s history. Above all, the newsletter helped build community. The Palos Verdes Surfing Club, however, was built on the exclusion of others. The PVSC, and most of the surfing clubs so strongly influenced by Ball’s organization, could not escape the racial and gender biases woven deeply into the social fabric.
Effect of Ill Health on Labour Market Earnings in Tanzania: Empirical Evidence
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Joseph Cornel , Issa Abdilah
Published: January 2025

Evidence shows the presence of many ill health cases in Tanzania, which in other countries have been identified as among key factors affecting labour market outcomes. This study examines the effect of ill health on labour market earnings in Tanzania using panel methods and data extracted from the National Panel Survey datasets. The fixed effect models of labour market earnings with chronic and acute ill health conditions were estimated one at a time, and the results suggest that chronic ill health is significant and negative on labour market earnings, while acute ill health is statistically insignificant. The study recommends policies that intensify efforts to improve the health status of the population to increase labour earnings. It also recommends mainstream employment policy actions to support those with partial work capacity from incurable ill health conditions to take up jobs and earn income.
Keywords: ill health, chronic illness, acute illness, labour market outcomes, labour earnings.
https://dx.doi.org/10.56279/NJIY8787/TJDS.v22i1.3
The Contribution of Local Civic Society Institutions in Enhancing Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptation to Climate Change in Songea District, Tanzania.
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Sawe Jackson Raymond
Published: January 2025

This article is a result of a study that sought to examine the contribution of local civic institutions in enhancing smallholder farmers’ adaptation to climate change in Songea District, Tanzania. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, with a sample size of 120 respondents. The study findings revealed that local institutions played a significant role in supporting smallholder farmers’ adaptation to climate change through the provision of weather forecasts and market information, farm inputs, promoting the use of drought-tolerant crops, and the use of improved seeds. Furthermore, a local civic society institution has managed to promote smallholder farmers’ adaptation capacity to climate change. It is recommended that a collaborative endeavour between governmental and non-governmental organisations be undertaken to initiate, promote, and reinforce local civic institutions. This collective effort should aim to enhance the adaptation of smallholder farmers to climate change, as such institutions have demonstrated their effectiveness and viability in facilitating climate change adaptation measures.
Keywords: local civic institution, smallholder farmers, climate change adaptation, Songea district
https://dx.doi.org/10.56279/NJIY8787/TJDS.v22i1.6
Challenges Facing Smallholder Farmers in Mono Cash-crop Production in Tanzania: Are Adaptation Strategies Towards Livelihood Diversification a Panacea?
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Raphael Leonia John
Published: January 2025

Smallholder farmers are those engaged in agricultural activities that include livestock rearing and food crops production in rural areas. This study was carried out in three districts in Tanzania—Newala, Bukoba and Moshi Rural—to look into the challenges facing such farmers who specifically deal with mono cash-crop production. Using a descriptive survey design, data collection involved the use of questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews, field observation and documentary reviews. Systematic random sampling was used to select 300 respondents in the three districts. The study found that smallholder farmers in the study areas practise both extensive and intensive farming systems; and use both tractors and hand hoes. Production is affected by changes in weather patterns, lack of inputs (fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, and poor infrastructure), inadequate extension services, inadequate information, lack of trust in some cooperative leaders, land scarcity, fall in the prices of cash crops, and pests and diseases. The farmers adapt to these challenges through livelihood diversification, use of alternative inputs, farming intensification, application of indigenous farming systems, use of cooperative unions, reliance on social networks, brewing local alcohol, making furniture, and use of hired labour. These coping strategies differ among smallholder farmers of mono cash-crops depending on their social-economic status, education, marital status, skills and income levels. The study recommends that measures and strategies aimed at improving sustainable livelihoods among smallholder farmers in mono cash-crop production should address the whole range of issues leading to poverty and exposure to disparities within the communities.
Keywords: adaptation, livelihoods, mono-cash crop, smallholder farmers, Tanzania
https://dx.doi.org/10.56279/NJIY8787/TJDS.v22i1.7
Health education and technological innovation: an unpostponable relationship
Authors: Sánchez Castillo Verenice , Gómez Cano Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2025

The integration of health education and technological innovation has become a strategic axis to address contemporary challenges in the field of public health. This article analyzes how emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, digital platforms, and gamification, can enrich health education programs by improving access, personalization, and effectiveness of learning processes. Based on a critical review of the literature published between 2020 and 2024, key trends are identified, such as the inclusion of intercultural perspectives, the strengthening of teacher training, and the promotion of technological equity. The ethical, social, and cultural challenges associated with the use of technological tools are also addressed, highlighting the need for public policies that support their responsible and sustainable implementation. The analysis highlights how these strategies can transform traditional health education paradigms, promoting comprehensive learning adapted to the needs of diverse communities. Finally, the article proposes an agenda for future research and actions that promote the effective integration of these areas, with a view to strengthening global health and reducing educational access gaps.
Physical fitness at work and its relationship with cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic health. A systematic review
Authors: González de Paz Aixa , Escalona Evelin
Published: January 2025

The relationship between physical fitness and work capacity is an important determinant of workers' health, influencing productivity and well-being. Objective: To assess the existing knowledge on the relationship between cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic health with the components of physical fitness (including aerobic and muscular fitness, joint flexibility and balance) and physical activity. Methods: Through a systematic review carried out between August and October 2023, using academic databases to identify relevant articles that analyzed the interrelationship between physical fitness, cardiovascular disease risk factors and work performance. Results: Five articles were retrieved suggesting that promoting physical fitness and managing cardiovascular disease risk factors are essential to improving workers' work performance, productivity and longevity. Conclusion: The importance of physical fitness and management of cardiovascular disease risk factors in workers' work performance is shown. Greater cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility were shown to be associated with a lower incidence of musculoskeletal injuries, suggesting that regular physical activity, both aerobic and anaerobic, has a protective effect on musculoskeletal and cardiovascular health.
Discurso de clausura de la Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad
Authors: Carrasco Vargas Humberto
Published: January 2025

Este discurso fue emitido en el Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, como parte de la ceremonia de graduación del personal que concluyó sus estudios de maestrías, especialidades y altas especialidades médicas, en la Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad.
Análisis del comercio informal en el crecimiento económico en la ciudad de Quevedo 2024
Authors: Mazón Vera Cristhina Michelle , Haz Salvatierra Jandry Javier , Maldonado Castro Ángel Boris , Gómez Gutiérrez Félix Lorenzo
Published: January 2025

Este estudio investiga el impacto del comercio informal en el crecimiento económico de la ciudad de Quevedo en 2024, abordando un fenómeno económico significativo que ha sido tradicionalmente marginado en los análisis económicos convencionales. La investigación se basa en una muestra representativa de 348 trabajadores informales, empleando un enfoque metodológico mixto que combina métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Los hallazgos revelan que el comercio informal no solo actúa como una estrategia de supervivencia para las comunidades con escasas oportunidades laborales formales, sino que también contribuye significativamente al Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) local y a la generación de empleo. Se identifican factores como el desempleo, las barreras de entrada al mercado formal y la demanda de bienes accesibles como impulsores clave del comercio informal. Las conclusiones sugieren que, aunque el comercio informal presenta desafíos en términos de regulación y precariedad laboral, su papel es fundamental para el desarrollo económico local, lo que implica la necesidad de políticas que integren estas actividades al sector formal para maximizar su potencial.
The Right Question to the Right Answer
Authors: Marc C. L. , Tulio D. A.
Published: January 2025

Highways are designed as a multi-layered half-space including asphalt/concrete road surface, granular aggregate base, cohesive sub-base, and granitic bedrock. The FWD (falling weight deflectometer) is a dynamic field test to back-calculate the layer thicknesses and moduli, to ensure design and performance. This investigation is the first attempt to solve this problem using the correct theory (elastodynamics), correct method (regression), correct boundary conditions (mixed), and correct response (velocities). The finite difference numerical model F2D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continuum) was used to backcalculate (regression) these results, with a recently added computer language called Python to obtain the correct problem of the correct solution. Using the measured dynamic results from a FWD test performed on a test section of MnROAD, the layer thicknesses and moduli were backcalculated using F2D/Python with greater accuracy than with using previously used incorrect numerical methods.

1. INTRODUCTION

The falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is a device designed to simulate deflection of a pavement surface caused by a fast-moving truck. The FWD generates a load pulse (dynamic surface wave) by dropping a circular weight on a layered half-space (asphalt or concrete road system). This load pulse is transmitted to the pavement through a 300-millimeter (mm) diameter circular load plate. The load pulse generated by the FWD momentarily deforms the elastic pavement under the load plate into a dish or bowl shape (ASTM, 2015). Envisioned from a side view, the shape of the deformed pavement surface is an axisymmetric deflection basin, as shown in Figure 1, with the nine geophone locations given in Table 1 using accelerometers.

Based on the force imparted to the pavement and the shape of the deflection basin, it is possible to estimate the stiffness and thickness of the pavement layers by using various computational methods, including the computer language Python integrated into Itasca (Itasca, 2024).

A typical FWD test result would include vertical velocity histories at the surface geophone locations, as shown in Figure 2.
Preliminary Study on the Practical Implementation of Anisotropic Shale's Pore Pressure Response
Authors: Asaka M.
Published: January 2025

Shale plays a crucial role as the overburden rock of most conventional oil and gas fields, as well as carbon capture and storage sites. Therefore, understanding its geomechanial response is vital for ensuring safe operations. Shale rocks exhibit strong elastic anisotropy due to the presence of highly anisotropic clay minerals and its alignment, which significantly impacts geomechanical responses. For example, in anisotropic materials, Skempton's B parameter needs to be generalized to a second-order tensor, as it greatly influences the undrained induced pore presure caused by drill-out. Accurate prediction of undrained induced pore pressure requires knowledge of the components of the generalized Skempton's B tensor. However, due to the cost and complexity of core measurements, the generalized Skempton's B tensor is not typically measured in the field. To address this issue, a preliminary study was conducted to estimate the generalized Skempton's B tensor of shale using exsiting core measurment results. The generalized Skempton's B tensor was estimated using anisotropic poroelasticity, taking into account the measured undrained rock stiffess, measured porosity, estimated fluid bulk modulus, and assumed grain bulk modulus. The estimated components of the generalized Skempton's B tensor were compared with the measured values to evalute the effecitiveness of this approach.

1. INTRODUCTION

Shale plays a crucial role as the overburden rock of most conventional oil and gas fields, as well as in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) sites. Therefore, understanding its geomechanical response is vital for ensuring safe drilling and operations. Shale rocks exhibit strong elastic anisotropy (e.g., Vernik and Nur, 1992; Wang, 2002; Szewczyk et al., 2018; Lozovyi and Bauer, 2019) due to the presence of highly anisotropic clay minerals and their alignment. Additionally, Skempton's B parameter needs to be generalized to a second-order tensor, as demonstrated by existing core measurements (e.g., Lozovyi and Bauer, 2019; Holt et al., 2018). This has significant implications for the estimation of undrained induced pore pressure in shales.
Comparative Analysis of Sand Production Mitigation in Semi-Consolidated and Consolidated Sandstones Through Formation Strength Enhancement
Authors: Alameen M. Basheer , Elraies Khaled A. , Mohyaldinn Mysara , Almansour Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Sand production is a significant problem in the oil and gas industry, damaging equipment and reducing well productivity. Oil companies invest millions of dollars annually to address this issue. Sand production increases sharply as water saturation increases during the water injection process. In principle, the rate of sand production mainly depends on rock strength inside sandstone formations. Hence, this study investigates the impact of quartz hydrolysis, a chemical reaction between quartz and water, leading to silica dissolution on sandstone strength as a function of water saturation through a dynamic approach. Also, present an inhibitor to prevent or reduce this reaction and to bolster the formation strength. Dynamic core flooding experiments were used to establish correlations between silica dissolution and sandstone strength as a function of various water saturation for both semi-consolidated and consolidated sandstone formations. Furthermore, this study examines the impact of temperature and time on silica dissolution and core strength. Finally, study the efficacy of an inhibitor in various concentrations to control this dissolution and its effect on core strength. The experiment results showed a clear correlation between increased water saturation and significantly enhanced silica dissolution, consequently reducing the core strength. In semi-consolidated sandstone, core strength has been dropping from 9.56 MPa (dry condition) as water saturation increased from 20 % to 100 %, companied by an increase in silica dissolution; this decline in core strength was steady until reaching the peak of reduction at 100 % Sw, where it reached 5.4 MPa, coinciding with the highest measured silica dissolution of 19.8 mg/l. In the case of consolidated sandstone, a similar trend of dissolution and strength reduction was observed. However, the maximum reduction in strength was 19.5 MPa, down from an initial strength of 33 MPa. This indicates that consolidated sandstone still has a higher strength to withstand failure. Additionally, the results showed a direct sensitivity of silica dissolution and core strength to temperature and time. Concerning the effect of inhibitor, sodium phosphate demonstrates a notable ability to suppress silica dissolution, particularly at concentrations of 0.1 wt% and 1 wt%. This inhibition effectively maintains core strength near its original value. This study presents a novel approach to mitigating the main source of increased sand production during water breakthrough rather than applying traditional sand control techniques.
Fluid Infiltration vs Hydraulic Fracturing in Weakly Cemented Reservoirs
Authors: Konstantinou C. , Papanastasiou P.
Published: January 2025

This study explores the transition from fluid infiltration to hydraulic fracturing in weakly cemented sandstones, which is critical for various geo-energy applications. Fluid flow experiments were conducted on artificially generated specimens with controlled mechanical and hydraulic properties. The experiments demonstrated that the mean applied stress and flow rate are the most influential factors affecting this transition, followed by material strength, viscosity, and permeability. Further, the use of Support Vector Machine regression analysis validated these findings, achieving R-squared values between 0.72 and 0.94 in predicting peak pressures. The study highlights the complex interactions between stress conditions, fluid properties, and rock strength in weakly cemented reservoirs. The results are relevant for optimizing hydraulic fracturing, groundwater applications, reservoir management, and wellbore strengthening, and provide a foundation for understanding fluid flow behavior in highly porous media.

1. INTRODUCTION

Fluid flow injection in reservoirs is relevant to many applications in the geo-energy field, with the most well-known being hydraulic fracturing, which is used to stimulate productivity in tight reservoirs or to control sand production in weak formations. In water flooding for enhanced hydrocarbon recovery, reservoir fracturing must be avoided to achieve a uniform sweep of the reservoir (Yan et al., 2022; Nguyen, 2021). Another related application is wellbore strengthening, which helps prevent mud losses during drilling, especially in offshore deep-water environments.

In weakly cemented reservoirs, the conditions for achieving fracturing vs fluid infiltration are unknown, as hydraulic fracturing is not governed by the classical theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics and the fluid diffusion may dominate in the parameter space which is defined by the in-situ stresses, rock strength, and the injection parameters of flow rates and viscosity (Konstantinou, 2021; Zhai, 2006; Khodaverdian, 2010; Omori et al., 2013; Huang et al., 2012). Understanding these complex mechanisms which govern the coupled processes requires knowledge of both geomechanics and hydraulics.
A Generative Model of Discrete Fracture Networks Based on Latent Diffusion Model
Authors: Teng Zheng , Wu Hui , Zhang Jize , Ju Xin
Published: January 2025

Discrete fractures are prevalent in shallow crust and play a crucial role in the transport of fluids, mass, and heat underground. Therefore, accurately characterizing subsurface discrete fracture networks (DFNs) is essential for a wide range of scientific and engineering applications. Such characterization often relies on the inversion of indirect observational data. However, the inherent complexity of DFNs, together with the generally limited and sparse geological/geophysical data, present significant challenges to DFN characterization. In this study, we introduce a low-dimensional generative model for DFNs based on latent diffusion models (LDMs). The LDM is trained on DFN samples that incorporate well-acknowledged fracture statistical properties. Our results demonstrate that this method is able to generate high-quality DFNs from a low-dimensional latent space, and can properly reproduce the key fracture statistical distributions in terms of fracture location, length and orientation. This low-dimensional generative model provides an effective parameterization tool for subsurface DFN characterization.

1. INTRODUCTION

Discrete fractures play a crucial role in governing mass and heat transport processes in the context of subsurface reservoir exploitation (Anderson and Fairley, 2008). The effective development of these reservoirs demands a comprehensive characterization of the underlying discrete fracture network (DFN) (Galloway et al., 2018; Lepillier et al., 2020). Given the high costs and technical challenges of directly observing subsurface fractures, the characterization process frequently relies on the inversion of indirect hydraulic or geophysical data (Afshari Moein et al., 2018; Hawkins et al., 2018; Jiang et al., 2023). However, such inversions often face ill-posedness problems, arising from the complex geometries of typically densely distributed fractures and the generally sparse nature of geological and geophysical data (Zhan et al., 2022; Jiang et al., 2023).

Consequently, there is a pressing need for an effective low-dimensional parameterization method for DFNs to bridge the gap between their complexity and the limitations imposed by data scarcity. Traditional approaches treat each fracture as an independent entity, describing them through parameters related to their location, length and orientation. This leads to a high-dimensional and uncertain parameter space, which hinders the applicability of most inversion techniques.