bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discourse on the Multicultural Policy in Sweden in Light of the Charlie Hebdo Terrorist Attack
Authors: Kobierecka Anna
Published: January 2018

Multicultural policy has recently been undergoing a marked crisis and is subject to wide criticism. In the light of recent terrorist attacks it is often highlighted that the reason for such situations might be too much openness towards foreigners. Most European countries are changing their immigration and integration policies limiting their social security and restricting the possibilities of an influx of immigrants. Sweden, which is perceived as one of the most open and tolerant states in Europe also faces new challenges concerning the future of its multicultural policy. The crisis in tolerance towards foreigners is quite visible and it is obvious that the social moods in this state are evolving. Therefore, the aim of the article is to analyze changes in the attitude towards Swedish immigration and its integration policy in the light of the attack on the Charlie Hebdo weekly offices.
Timing of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for Budd-Chiari syndrome: An Italian hepatologist’s perspective
Authors: Mancuso Andrea
Published: January 2018

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) management flow-chart is derived from experts’ opinion and is not evidence-based. Guidelines suggest BCS management should follow a stepwise strategy: medical therapy as first-line treatment, revascularization or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) if no response to medical therapy, and liver transplant as rescue therapy. Recent evidence suggests that only medical therapy results in a bad long-term outcome. The biggest criticism of guidelines is the indication that BCS should receive further treatment only when hemodynamic consequences of portal hypertension become clinically evident. Recent data support that in BCS liver fibrosis could arise from chronic microvascular ischemia. A reasoning model of BCS physiopathology is that impaired hepatic vein outflow has hemodynamic consequences on portal hypertension development and causes hepatic fibrosis and liver failure through chronic ischemic damage. On this assumption is the concept that relieving liver congestion could ameliorate liver function and prevent development of BCS complications. Recently, early interventional treatment with TIPS for BCS has been reported to be effective. Early TIPS seems to be the best option for BCS management. Future multicenter controlled studies should compare the outcome of BCS treated with early interventional treatment compared with stepwise strategy.
Should vasoconstrictors be considered in a cirrhotic patient with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Authors: Qi Xingshun , Li Hongyu , Shao Xiaodong , Liang Zhendong , Zhang Xia , Feng Ji , Lin Hao , Guo Xiaozhong
Published: January 2018

Varices manifest as a major etiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with chronic liver diseases, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. By contrast, non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is rare. Pharmacological treatment differs between patients with variceal and non-variceal bleeding. Vasoconstrictors are recommended for the treatment of variceal bleeding, rather than non-variceal bleeding. In contrast, pump proton inhibitors are recommended for the treatment of non-variceal bleeding, rather than variceal bleeding. Herein, we present a case with liver cirrhosis and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding who had a high risk of rebleeding (i.e., Child–Pugh class C, hepatocellular carcinoma, portal vein thrombosis, low albumin, and high international normalized ratio and D-dimer). As the source of bleeding was obscure, only terlipressin without pump proton inhibitors was initially administered. Acute bleeding episode was effectively controlled. After that, an elective endoscopic examination confirmed that the source of bleeding was attributed to peptic ulcer, rather than varices. Based on this preliminary case report, we further discussed the potential role of vasoconstrictors in a patient with cirrhosis with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Guaranteed cost finite-time control of positive switched nonlinear systems with D-perturbation
Authors: Xing Hao , Liu Leipo , Cao Xiangyang , Fu Zhumu , Song Shuzhong
Published: January 2018

This paper considers the guaranteed cost finite-time boundedness of positive switched nonlinear systems with D-perturbation and time-varying delay. Firstly, the definition of guaranteed cost finite-time boundedness is introduced. By using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and average dwell time (ADT) approach, an output feedback controller is designed and sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the corresponding closed-loop systems to be guaranteed cost finite-time boundedness (GCFTB). Such conditions can be solved by linear programming. Finally, two examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Successful drug-eluting stent implantation in a male patient with dextrocardia: a case report
Authors: Long Wenjie , He Zhiling , Wang Xia , Wu Huanlin , Chen Yahui , Yang Zhongqi
Published: January 2018

Situs inversus with dextrocardia is a rare condition, with complete transposition of all the body organs, including the heart. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in these patients is technically difficult because of the mirror image of organs. Here, we describe a 56-year-old man with coronary heart disease with known situs inversus with dextrocardia and coronary percutaneous intervention was performed for stenosis in the right coronary artery. A drug eluting stent was implanted at this site successfully. This case suggested that the interventional management of such patients follows the same general rules as for non-dextrocardia patients, but the manipulation of the catheter and projection position choices need to be taken into consideration to obtain optimal benefits for the patient.
CHURCH, Category, and Speciation
Authors: Rinderknecht Jakob Karl
Published: January 2018

The Roman Catholic definition of “church”, especially as applied to groups of Protestant Christians, creates a number of well-known difficulties. The similarly complex category, “species,” provides a model for applying this term so as to neither lose the centrality of certain examples nor draw a hard boundary to rule out border cases. In this way, it can help us to more adequately apply the complex ecclesiology of the Second Vatican Council. This article draws parallels between the understanding of speciation and categorization and the definition of Church since the council. In doing so, it applies the work of cognitive linguists, including George Lakoff, Zoltan Kovecses, Giles Fauconnier and Mark Turner on categorization. We tend to think of categories as containers into which we sort objects according to essential criteria. However, categories are actually built inductively by making associations between objects. This means that natural categories, including species, are more porous than we assume, but nevertheless bear real meaning about the natural world. Taxonomists dispute the border between “zebras” and “wild asses,” but this distinction arises out of genetic and evolutionary reality; it is not merely arbitrary. Genetic descriptions of species has also led recently to the conviction that there are four species of giraffe, not one. This engagement will ground a vantage point from which the Council‘s complex ecclesiology can be more easily described so as to authentically integrate its noncompetitive vision vis-a-vis other Christians with its sense of the unique place held by Catholic Church.
Hermite-Hadamard Type Inequalities for convex functions via generalized fractional integral operators
Authors: Set Erhan , Gözpinar Abdurrahman
Published: January 2018

In this present work, the authors establish a new integral identity involving generalized fractional integral operators and by using this fractional-type integral identity, obtain some new Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for functions whose first derivatives in absolute value are convex. Relevant connections of the results presented here with those earlier ones are also pointed out.
Effect of Thermal Conductivity on Nozzle Guide Vane Internal Surface Temperature Distribution
Authors: Pujari Arun Kumar , Prasad B. V. S. S. S , Sitaram Nekkanti
Published: January 2018

Conjugate heat transfer analysis is carried out in a cascade domain for a nozzle guide vane. The nozzle guide vane is internally cooled by jet impingement cooling, and the external surface is cooled by film cooling. A computational study was carried out with three different materials, having conductivity values of 0.0048, 0.2 and 1.1 W/m.K. Distribution of local surface temperature along the leading edge, pressure and suction surface is reported. The leading edge region showed the maximum increase in internal surface temperature as the conductivity increased among the different regions of the vane internal surface. However, the pressure and suction surfaces showed relatively less increase in the surface temperature distribution. In order to validate the computational result, the obtained temperature data were compared with experimentally obtained surface temperature data. The flow phenomena like jet lift-off and self-induced cross-flow affect the local temperature distribution differently in the three materials. For a constant mainstream and coolant flow, the surface temperature gradient is higher for the lower conductivity material, and the gradient decreases as conductivity increases. Hence, a material with higher conductivity is desired in a combined impingement and film cooled nozzle guide vane, to increase the durability of the vane.
Acute Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Effects of a Sandbag Resistance Exercise Protocol
Authors: Ratamess Nicholas A. , Kang Jie , Kuper Jeremy D. , O'Grady Elizabeth A. , Ellis Nicole L. , Vought Ira T. , Culleton Emma , Bush Jill A. , Faigenbaum Avery D.
Published: January 2018

Ratamess, NA, Kang, J, Kuper, JD, O'Grady, EA, Ellis, NL, Vought, IT, Culleton, E, Bush, JA, and Faigenbaum, AD. Acute cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects of a sandbag resistance exercise protocol. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1491–1502, 2018—The purpose of this study was to examine the acute cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects of a sandbag (SB) resistance exercise protocol and compare the responses to time-matched treadmill running protocols. Eight healthy, resistance-trained men (21.1 ± 1.0 years; 86.1 ± 7.8 kg) completed 4 protocols of equal duration in random sequence: (a) SB, (b) treadmill running at 60% of V̇o
2 reserve (60V̇o
2R), (c) treadmill running at 80% of V̇o
2 reserve (80V̇o
2R), and (d) a control protocol. The SB protocol was 16 minutes in duration and consisted of 3 circuits of 8 multiple-joint exercises (with 11-, 20-, or 48-kg SBs) performed for as many repetitions as possible for 20 seconds followed by a 10-second rest interval before beginning the next exercise. Two minutes of rest was allowed between circuits. Breath-by-breath oxygen consumption (V̇o
2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded throughout each protocol and for 30 minutes postexercise (PE) and blood lactate was determined before and immediately after each protocol. Blood lactate was significantly higher after SB compared with 60V̇o
2R and 80V̇o
2R. Mean and peak HR in SB was significantly higher than 60V̇o
2R but not different from 80V̇o
2R. Mean V̇o
2 and energy expenditure (EE) in SB was significantly lower than 60V̇o
2R and 80V̇o
2R during each protocol but significantly higher after SB compared with 60V̇o
2R and 80V̇o
2R PE. Compared with 60V̇o
2R and 80V̇o
2R, respiratory exchange ratio was significantly higher during SB and through 5 minutes PE, but was significantly lower at 25–30 minutes PE after SB. Sandbag, as performed in this study, provides a superior metabolic stimulus to treadmill running during the PE period; however, the SB results demonstrate inferior EE compared with running at 60V̇o
2R and 80V̇o
2R.
Comparison of the Force-, Velocity-, and Power-Time Curves Between the Concentric-Only and Eccentric-Concentric Bench Press Exercises
Authors: Pérez-Castilla Alejandro , Comfort Paul , McMahon John J. , Pestaña-Melero Francisco L. , García-Ramos Amador
Published: January 2018

Pérez-Castilla, A, Comfort, P, McMahon, JJ, Pestaña-Melero, FL, and García-Ramos, A. Comparison of the force-, velocity-, and power-time curves between the concentric-only and eccentric-concentric bench press exercises. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1618–1624, 2020—The aim of this study was to compare the temporal and mechanical variables between the concentric-only and eccentric-concentric bench press (BP) variants. Twenty-one men (age: 22.0 ± 4.2 years, body mass: 73.4 ± 7.7 kg, height: 177.2 ± 8.0 cm; 1 repetition maximum [1RM]: 1.12 ± 0.12 kg·kg−1) were evaluated during the concentric-only and eccentric-concentric BP variants using 80% 1RM. Temporal (concentric phase duration, propulsive phase duration, and time to reach the maximum values of force, velocity, and power) and mechanical variables (force, velocity, and power), determined using a linear velocity transducer, were compared between both BP variants. All temporal variables were significantly lower during the eccentric-concentric BP compared with the concentric-only BP (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [ES] range: 0.80–2.52). Maximum force as well as the mean values of velocity and power were significantly higher for the eccentric-concentric BP compared with the concentric-only BP (all p < 0.001; ES range: 2.87–3.58). However, trivial to small differences between both BP variants were observed for mean force (ES: 0.00–0.36) as well as for maximum velocity (ES: 0.40) and power (ES: 0.41). The stretch-shortening cycle (i.e., eccentric-concentric BP) mainly enhanced force production at the early portion of the concentric phase, but this potentiation effect gradually reduced over the latter part of the movement. Finally, force was higher for the concentric-only BP during 49% of the concentric phase duration. These results suggest that both BP variants should be included during resistance training programs to optimize force output at different points of the concentric phase.
Pronounced Hyperactivity, Cognitive Dysfunctions, and BDNF Dysregulation in Dopamine Transporter Knock-out Rats
Authors: Leo Damiana , Sukhanov Ilya , Zoratto Francesca , Illiano Placido , Caffino Lucia , Sanna Fabrizio , Messa Giulia , Emanuele Marco , Esposito Alessandro , Dorofeikova Mariia , Budygin Evgeny A. , Mus Liudmila , Efimova Evgenia V. , Niello Marco , Espinoza Stefano , Sotnikova Tatyana D. , Hoener Marius C. , Laviola Giovanni , Fumagalli Fabio , Adriani Walter , Gainetdinov Raul R.
Published: January 2018

Dopamine (DA) controls many vital physiological functions and is critically involved in several neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The major function of the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) is the rapid uptake of released DA into presynaptic nerve terminals leading to control of both the extracellular levels of DA and the intracellular stores of DA. Here, we present a newly developed strain of rats in which the gene encoding DAT knockout Rats (DAT-KO) has been disrupted by using zinc finger nuclease technology. Male and female DAT-KO rats develop normally but weigh less than heterozygote and wild-type rats and demonstrate pronounced spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity. While striatal extracellular DA lifetime and concentrations are significantly increased, the total tissue content of DA is markedly decreased demonstrating the key role of DAT in the control of DA neurotransmission. Hyperactivity of DAT-KO rats can be counteracted by amphetamine, methylphenidate, the partial Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist RO5203648 ((S)-4-(3,4-Dichloro-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-ylamine) and haloperidol. DAT-KO rats also demonstrate a deficit in working memory and sensorimotor gating tests, less propensity to develop obsessive behaviors and show strong dysregulation in frontostriatal BDNF function. DAT-KO rats could provide a novel translational model for human diseases involving aberrant DA function and/or mutations affecting DAT or related regulatory mechanisms.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we present a newly developed strain of rats in which the gene encoding the dopamine transporter (DAT) has been disrupted (Dopamine Transporter Knockout rats [DAT-KO rats]). DAT-KO rats display functional hyperdopaminergia accompanied by pronounced spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity. Hyperactivity of DAT-KO rats can be counteracted by amphetamine, methylphenidate, and a few other compounds exerting inhibitory action on dopamine-dependent hyperactivity. DAT-KO rats also demonstrate cognitive deficits in working memory and sensorimotor gating tests, less propensity to develop compulsive behaviors, and strong dysregulation in frontostriatal BDNF function. These observations highlight the key role of DAT in the control of brain dopaminergic transmission. DAT-KO rats could provide a novel translational model for human diseases involving aberrant dopamine functions.
Differential Contributions of Nucleus Accumbens Subregions to Cue-Guided Risk/Reward Decision Making and Implementation of Conditional Rules
Authors: Floresco Stan B. , Montes David R. , Tse Maric M.T. , van Holstein Mieke
Published: January 2018

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key node within corticolimbic circuitry for guiding action selection and cost/benefit decision making in situations involving reward uncertainty. Preclinical studies have typically assessed risk/reward decision making using assays where decisions are guided by internally generated representations of choice-outcome contingencies. Yet, real-life decisions are often influenced by external stimuli that inform about likelihoods of obtaining rewards. How different subregions of the NAc mediate decision making in such situations is unclear. Here, we used a novel assay colloquially termed the “Blackjack” task that models these types of situations. Male Long–Evans rats were trained to choose between one lever that always delivered a one-pellet reward and another that delivered four pellets with different probabilities [either 50% (good-odds) or 12.5% (poor-odds)], which were signaled by one of two auditory cues. Under control conditions, rats selected the large/risky option more often on good-odds versus poor-odds trials. Inactivation of the NAc core caused indiscriminate choice patterns. In contrast, NAc shell inactivation increased risky choice, more prominently on poor-odds trials. Additional experiments revealed that both subregions contribute to auditory conditional discrimination. NAc core or shell inactivation reduced Pavlovian approach elicited by an auditory CS+, yet shell inactivation also increased responding during presentation of a CS−. These data highlight distinct contributions for NAc subregions in decision making and reward seeking guided by discriminative stimuli. The core is crucial for implementation of conditional rules, whereas the shell refines reward seeking by mitigating the allure of larger, unlikely rewards and reducing expression of inappropriate or non-rewarded actions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing external cues to guide decision making is crucial for adaptive behavior. Deficits in cue-guided behavior have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia, which in turn has been linked to aberrant processing in the nucleus accumbens. However, many preclinical studies have often assessed risk/reward decision making in the absence of explicit cues. The current study fills that gap by using a novel task that allows for the assessment of cue-guided risk/reward decision making in rodents. Our findings identified distinct yet complementary roles for the medial versus lateral portions of this nucleus that provide a broader understanding of the differential contributions it makes to decision making and reward seeking guided by discriminative stimuli.
Detecting Polygenic Adaptation in Admixture Graphs
Authors: Racimo Fernando , Berg Jeremy J , Pickrell Joseph K
Published: January 2018

Polygenic adaptation occurs when natural selection changes the average value of a complex trait in a population, via small shifts in allele frequencies at many loci. Here, Racimo, Berg, and Pickrell present a method...

An open question in human evolution is the importance of polygenic adaptation: adaptive changes in the mean of a multifactorial trait due to shifts in allele frequencies across many loci. In recent years, several methods have been developed to detect polygenic adaptation using loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Though powerful, these methods suffer from limited interpretability: they can detect which sets of populations have evidence for polygenic adaptation, but are unable to reveal where in the history of multiple populations these processes occurred. To address this, we created a method to detect polygenic adaptation in an admixture graph, which is a representation of the historical divergences and admixture events relating different populations through time. We developed a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to infer branch-specific parameters reflecting the strength of selection in each branch of a graph. Additionally, we developed a set of summary statistics that are fast to compute and can indicate which branches are most likely to have experienced polygenic adaptation. We show via simulations that this method—which we call PolyGraph—has good power to detect polygenic adaptation, and applied it to human population genomic data from around the world. We also provide evidence that variants associated with several traits, including height, educational attainment, and self-reported unibrow, have been influenced by polygenic adaptation in different populations during human evolution.
Šekspyro meilės poezijos neišverčiamumas
Authors: Acim Rachid
Published: January 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

Translating Shakespeare’s poetry has been one of the most arduous questions that has pained many translators, researchers and academics worldwide. As this poetry involves many rhetorical devices, alternating between the use of keen imagery and intertextuality, it not only lends itself to ambiguity but also to untranslatability; moreover, the use of figures of speech such as similes, synecdoche and metaphors accord this poetry a discursive power that does not recede despite the evolution of the English language and the death of the poet many centuries ago. And while this poetry addresses a whole galaxy of themes, it projects Shakespeare himself as a cosmopolitan figure not limited to time or even space. The present study seeks to assess and evaluate the translation solutions given as concerns Shakespeare’s poetry on the theme of “love”. To achieve this aim, I suggest employing a contrastive analysis between the English and Arabic poetic text, with a view to exploring whether or not the core of this poetry has been preserved. My assumption is that the stylistic aspects and aesthetic properties of the original poetic text are lost due to the intentional or unintentional intervention of the translator.
ES reglamentai: leksinių samplaikų vertimo iš anglų į lietuvių kalbą tendencijos
Authors: Noreika Mantas , Šeškauskienė Inesa
Published: January 2018

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]

Based on the theoretical framework of lexical bundle research developed by Biber et al. (2004) and on Sinclair’s (1991) observations on the compositionality of meaning and delexicalisation of formulaic language, the present study analyses four-word lexical bundles found in English EU legal discourse, focusing on their structural and semantic properties and tendencies of their translation into Lithuanian. The study examines a selection of 43 lexical bundles with a total of 791 unique instances in the corpus, extracted from a self-designed 59,579-word corpus representing EU legal English comprised of five regulations on health claims and food labelling. The results show that lexical bundles can be rendered into Lithuanian as single lexical or function words, phrases, dependent clauses, through the grammatical category of case, or omitted altogether. The length of the translated bundles suggests that there is a tendency to choose a shorter way of rendering them into Lithuanian. High variability of the translations of some lexical bundles points to a lack of their stability in Lithuanian, which might be due to a number of reasons, including a lack of agreement among translators and a much shorter tradition of legal translation into Lithuanian.
Dialekto vertimas grožinėje literatūroje. Atvejo analizė
Authors: Semėnaitė Viktorija , Maskaliūnienė Nijolė
Published: January 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

The article focuses on the translation of dialect in fiction. Many authors regard it as one of the most complicated issues in translation because the translator has to make a choice between translating it as a language in its own right or make an attempt to make the translation sound “dialectal”. In many cases dialect serves specific functions of characterising protagonists, creating a special atmosphere or setting in the Source Text. The translator’s role is to transfer these functions into the Target Text for a reader of the translation. This article aims to identify the ways in which dialogue is translated from English into Lithuanian in the example of Burnett’s book for children, The Secret Garden, with a special focus on its functions in the Source Text. This book was chosen because critics almost unanimously claim that the Yorkshire dialect employed in it serves as a protagonist itself, therefore its role is very important for the development of the narrative, and, as such, cannot be ignored in translation. The study is based on the analysis of dialectal markers (phonetical, lexical, syntactic and morphological), and the ways they are rendered in the text. Reference is made to the ten strategies of dialect translation proposed by Leszek Berezowski (1997), including neutralization, lexicalization, partial translation, transliteration, pidginization and others. The results of this analysis show that the translator used fewer dialectal markers than there were in the original, and the most common translation strategy was neutralisation. Yet, those instances that were selected as important for the development of the narrative were rendered using strategies of lexicalization and colloquialization. This way the translator managed to preserve the coherence of the text, and the functions and stylistics of the work.
Assessment of siRNA as a therapeutic molecule in Transient Receptor Potential Channel 5 gene silencing: a computational approach
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Bhooma , Padmanabhan Giri , Ramanathan Kumaresan
Published: January 2018

Background: Ion channels play a crucial role in Glomerular filter damage that contributes to albuminuria. Transient receptor potential channel 5 (TRPC5) gene mediating such damage, demand for its target specific inhibition by RNA interference mechanism. Designing and selecting potential siRNA for TRPC5 gene silencing by computational analysis.

Materials & Methods: The mRNA sequence was retrieved from NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). siRNA sequences were designed specifically from target genes using InvivoGen siRNA wizard software. Thermodynamic RNA-RNA interactions were used to evaluate the gene silencing efficiency by minimum free energy of hybridization; the hybridization structures were also obtained using BIBISERV2-RNAHybrid.

Results: The minimum free energy of hybridization of the three designed siRNAs (siRNA1, siRNA2 and siRNA3) were as follows: -28.2 kcal/mol, -24.1 kcal/mol, and-25.6 kcal/mol. Their corresponding GC content were 47.62%, 52.38% and 47.62%, respectively. Thus, siRNA1 had the least minimum free energy of hybridization (i.e. -28.2 kcal/mol) with low GC content (47.62%), and high linearity with minimal h-b index and loop structure.

Conclusion: RNAi therapy can provide a new platform for efficient and targeted therapeutics. Further in vivo investigations are necessary to further validate their efficacy.
La fiebre en el niño: una mirada reflexiva a las prácticas de cuidado
Authors: Escobar Tobón Ana Ligia
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Realizar un análisis crítico-reflexivo de las prácticas rutinarias de los profesionales de enfermería y de los cuidadores familiares en el cuidado del niño con fiebre, a fin de incentivar un cuidado basado en evidencia científica que asegure el bienestar infantil.Síntesis de contenido: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos publicados entre los años 2007 y 2017, en las bases de datos ebscohost, ScienceDirect, medline, PubMed, cinahl, Web of Science y cuiden®, para lo cual se utilizaron los descriptores y sus combinaciones en español, portugués e inglés Fiebre; Cuidadores; Niño. Se elaboró un compendio de 45 artículos seleccionados y analizados que contenía las prácticas de cuidado con convergencias, divergencias y complementariedades.Los resultados se agruparon en los siguientes cinco temas: Concepción histórica de la fiebre; La fiebrefobia:una concepción en las actuales prácticas de cuidado; El baño de esponja:una práctica ancestral controvertida; El uso de antipiréticos: una rutina en contravía de la salud y la vidade los niños; La fiebre: en busca de una mirada desde su beneficio.Conclusiones: La concepción de la fiebre infantil centrada en el miedo y en el daño permanece. Las acciones de cuidado más comunes, como el baño de esponja y el uso/abuso de antipiréticos, son cuestionadas desde la evidencia científica, demostrando los efectos deletéreos que producen en la salud del niño. El cuidado del niño, después de una evaluación individualizada, deberá enfocarse en el confort, en un ambiente fresco y tranquilo y en el aumento de la ingesta de líquidos para evitar la deshidratación u otras complicaciones.
Vivir con epilepsia: significados construidos por las personas que padecen la enfermedad
Authors: Florez Alex Rogelio , Arias Valencia María Mercedes
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Develar los significados que las personas con epilepsia construyen sobre la enfermedad y describir las implicaciones en diversos ámbitos de sus vidas.Metodología: Se utilizaron herramientas de la teoría fundamentada con la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada, realizada, previo consentimiento informado, a un total de 25 pacientes diagnosticados con epilepsia. Los resultados se devolvieron y se validaron con los participantes mediante un grupo focal y actividades de difusión.Resultados: Se obtuvieron tres categorías: La persona, El padecimiento y Las estrategias de afrontamiento. El padecimiento significó para los pacientes un obstáculo en varios contextos. La persona lucha por vencer el padecimiento y separarlo de su vida. El miedo fue una emoción transversal y constante en quienes padecen la enfermedad. La cognición y la racionalización fueron mecanismos de afrontamiento que se deben resignificar para ir más allá de la adherencia terapéutica. Estos resultados pueden aplicarse en contextos similares de enfermedades crónicas, específicamente, en el área de la salud mental. Conclusiones: Las personas hacen frente a la enfermedad a través de procesos de reflexión y cognición.Se espera que esto sea un insumo para el trabajo en los servicios de salud, en los programas sociales, en las personas y en sus familias.Descriptores: Epilepsia; Enfermedad Crónica; Atención de Enfermería (fuente:decs, bireme).
Caracterización clínica y terapéutica de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar en Cali
Authors: Martinez Gutierrez Alfonsina Del Cristo , Chavez Vivas Monica
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Establecer las características clínicas, sociodemográficas y farmacológicas de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar.Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal con una muestra de 157 pacientes. La información se recolectó de la base de datos de la Secretaría de Salud Pública Municipal de la ciudad de Cali durante el año 2013. La asociación entre las variables se estableció mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado empleando el paquete estadístico SPSS Vs 22.0.Resultados: El 62,4% de los pacientes objeto de estudio eran hombres jóvenes y el 72% de estratos socioeconómicos bajos. El 9,2% de los pacientes presentaron tuberculosis pulmonar farmacorresistente (p = 0,0231). La resistencia a la isoniazida fue de 94,2%; a la rifampicina, de 78,8%; a la pirazinamida, de 21,2%; al etambutol, de 25%; y a la estreptomicina, de 48,1%. Los pacientes desnutridos y adictos a las drogas o al alcohol revelaron mayor resistencia a la terapia antituberculosa. Los pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar farmacorresistente y adictos a sustancias psicoactivas o al alcohol representaron el 19,2%, con diabetes el 15,4% y los coinfectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), el 13,4%.Conclusiones. La alta proporción de hombres con tuberculosis puede estar condicionada a una mayor exposición al agente por ser el grupo más activo laboralmente. Se evidenció una mayor prevalencia de cepas multirresistentes a fármacos de primera línea en pacientes de estratos socioeconómicamente bajos, de grupos marginados y con factores de riesgo como desnutrición y abuso de alcohol y de sustancias psicoactivas.
Integrable geodesic flows on tubular sub-manifolds
Authors: Уотерс Томас
Published: January 2018

In this paper we construct a new class of surfaces whose geodesic flow is integrable (in the sense of Liouville). We do so by generalizing the notion of tubes about curves to 3-dimensional manifolds, and using Jacobi fields we derive conditions under which the metric of the generalized tubular sub-manifold admits an ignorable coordinate. Some examples are given, demonstrating that these special surfaces can be quite elaborate and varied.
О канонических квази-геодезических отображениях рекуррентно-параболических пространств
Authors: Курбатова Ірина Миколаївна , Лозієнко Дар'я Віталівна
Published: January 2018

Продолжается изучение введенных ранее квази-геодезических отображений рекуррентно-параболических пространств. Выделен специальный класс таких отображений - канонические квази-геодезические отображения. Построены геометрические объекты, инвариантные относительно рассматриваемых отображений. Найдены метрики  рекуррентно-параболических пространств, допускающих канонические квази-геодезические отображения  на плоское пространство. Указаны рекуррентно-параболические пространства с векторными  полями определенного типа, допускающие нетривиальные канонические квази-геодезические отображения.
Effect of ground granulated blast-furnace slag on the hydration and properties of cement paste
Authors: Tao Jiayin , Wei Xiaosheng
Published: January 2018

The hydration process of cement paste blended with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) was investigated using calorimetric and electrical methods. The effect of GGBS on early-age hydration was studied by examining electrical resistivity curves, heat of hydration curves and their rate curves. Through comparisons of the setting time and four other critical moments in early-age hydration evolution obtained from electrical resistivity and hydration heat tests, the application of electrical resistivity to characterise the setting behaviour of cement paste was proven to be effective, through the peaks on the rate curve of resistivity and the inflection point on the electrical resistivity–log time curve. The effects of GGBS on autogenous shrinkage and compressive strength development were also studied. It was found that compressive strength at 3 d could be predicted by electrical resistivity at 1 d. A positive linear correlation between autogenous shrinkage and compressive strength before 28 d was found. A relationship relating GGBS content to 28 d autogenous shrinkage and 28 d compressive strength was also developed. Scanning electron microscopy observations confirmed the macroscopic experimental results.
Lipid particulate drug delivery systems: a review
Authors: Ijaz Hira , Qureshi Junaid , Tulain Ume Ruqia , Iqbal Furqan , Danish Zeeshan , Fayyaz Ahad , Sethi Ayesha
Published: January 2018

The objective of this review is to elaborate lipid particulate drug delivery systems (LPDDSs), their applications, formulation methods, advantages and disadvantages, and perform an inclusive comparison of various types of LPDDSs. The use of LPDDSs enhances the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs and addresses the issue of their solubility and achieves targeted controlled drug release. These delivery systems provide a vast range of products that are administered through various routes such as oral, parenteral, topical and nasal. These reduce the toxicity and side effects of drugs by altering their biodistribution. LPDDSs have a greater carrier capacity for drugs and high stability and are also proposed for modified release of drugs from matrices. These consist of different structural and functional properties that allow them to produce the desired outcomes by changing the composition of additives and lipid excipients. Throughout the years, micron- and nanometer-sized LPDDSs have been developed which promote the efficacy of drugs and their therapeutic application. For proficient delivery of poorly soluble drugs, solid lipid nanoparticles are extensively used.
Influence of the built environment on sustainable trips: the case of Niterói, Brazil
Authors: Grieco Elisabeth Poubel , da Silva Portugal Licínio , Alves Rosane Martins
Published: January 2018

Various studies have found that accessibility conditions, especially for non-motorised trips, can be more effective if solutions involving the built environment are considered. These studies reveal that the dimensions of the constructed space, such as dense, diverse and connected land use, can increase the potential for sustainable trips. To observe that influence, this paper reports the results of a survey conducted among residents of 24 condominiums in three districts of the city of Niterói, Brazil, to measure the index proposed by Grieco et al. This application intends to estimate the potential of the built environment of each area to stimulate the generation of sustainable trips and compares this with the overall trip-generation rates. The results show that the estimates of the index correspond to the patterns of sustainable trips, represented by the percentage of trips made on foot or by public transportation in relation to total trips. The empirical results also indicate that: (a) the built environment was more influential than income level in generating sustainable trips and (b) the built environment with lowest potential to promote walking generated more than four extra daily trips by car per residential unit than in the other two districts.
Production and economics of carp polyculture in ponds stocked with wild and hatchery produced seeds
Authors: Khan Md. Rafiqual Islam , Parvez Md. Taskin , Talukder Mohammad Golam Sarowar , Hossain Md. Akhtar , Karim Md. Shamsul
Published: January 2018

Lack of quality carp seeds is one of the major problems for fish production in Bangladesh. This experiment was conducted during July to December 2013 to study the production and economics of carp polyculture using wild and hatchery produced seeds in ponds in Faridpur district, Bangladesh.  Seeds of native major carps (NMCs) (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) and non-native carps (NNCs) (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenophryngodon idella, Aristichthys nobilis and Cyprinus carpio) from four different sources were tested in feed and fertilizer based polyculture ponds under controlled mesocosm trials with four treatments (T1–T4), each with four replications. Combination, weight and density of the stocked species were same for all the treatments. Water quality parameters were monitored monthly and mean values were found within suitable range for fish farming. Mean final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate and yield of L. rohita, C. catla and C. mrigala were found significantly (P < 0.05) higher with treatment T1, T3 and T2 respectively. Treatments T1, T2 and T3 varied more significantly (P < 0.05) than treatment T4 for total fish yield and cost benefit ratio.  Polyculture of wild sourced NMCs and hatchery produced NNCs were found more profitable than aquaculture of hatchery produced NMCs and NNCs.
Genotoxicidade do composto Azadiractina avaliado através do Ensaio Cometa utilizando Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822) como organismo teste
Authors: Rael Alana Nunes , Rieger Alexandre
Published: January 2018

A azadiractina consiste no óleo obtido a partir de sementes secas de Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Família: Meliaceae). Trata-se de um biopesticida para controle de pragas na agricultura e, portanto, um agente "eco-amigável" para a agricultura orgânica. Contudo, os resíduos dos pesticidas, incluindo os biopesticidas, podem causar efeitos deletérios a organismos que não são o seu alvo. Assim, o presente trabalho pretende investigar o efeito genotóxico da azadiractina no meio aquoso em amostras de peixes conhecidos como Paulistinha ou Zebra-fish (Danio rerio - Hamilton 1822). As concentrações da azadiractina de 8, 16 e 32 vezes as taxas mais baixas de produtos comerciais formulados foram testadas durante 7 dias. Os efeitos de genotoxicidade foram avaliados através de Ensaio Cometa obtendo Frequência de Dano (FD) e Índice de Dano (ID) utilizando eritrócitos do D. rerio. A Análise de Sobrevivência avaliou a taxa de mortalidade em exemplares remanescentes do EC. Os resultados sugerem um aumento significativo de FD e ID em relação ao controle negativo (D. rerio não expostos), mesmo após 7 dias de exposição. Além disso, todos os espécimes expostos morreram dentro de uma semana após o final do EC. A utilização do biopesticida azadiractina deve ser realizada com precaução para não aumentar a contaminação ambiental, especialmente nos ecossistemas aquáticos.
The synthesis of angular heteroarenochromones based on 7-hydroxy-8-carbonylchromones
Authors: Shokol Tatyana , Lozinski Oleg , Gorbulenko Natalia , Khilya Volodymyr
Published: January 2018

The present review highlights advanced strategies to the synthesis of the chromones annulated with O- and N-containing heterocycles at C(7)-C(8) bond. Due to the prevalence of such motives in different kinds of natural flavonoids and some alkaloids, fused chromones have attracted a great deal of attention so far. On the other hand a wide range of biological activities is displayed by the compounds of this type both among naturally occurring flavonoids and their synthetic analogues. 8-Carbonyl-7-hydroxychromones proved to be versatile synthones for the synthesis of angular hetarenochromones via approach of annulation of a heterocycle to the chromone core. It also addresses the question of the biological activity of naturally occurring and fused synthetic hetarenochromones.
Diversity analysis of pea genotypes using RAPD markers
Authors: Thakur Bharti , Sharma Susheel , Sharma Isha , Sharma Prachi , . Deepika , Zargar Sajad Majeed
Published: January 2018

Genetic diversity among 54 genotypes of field and garden pea of India were studied using 30 RAPD primers. A total of 168 amplicons were scored, of which 154 were polymorphic revealing 89.3% of polymophism. Out of 30 RAPD primers tested, 22 primers produced clear and reproducible bands. The number of products generated by these primers ranged from 04 to 14 with primer OPU-17 giving maximum (14) and primer OPC-08 giving minimum number of amplicons (04). Genetic similarity estimates based on the binomial data using Jaccard’s coefficient ranged from 0.34 (Kaza-2/IC-218991) to 0.89 (IC-209118/IC-209123) with an average similarity index of 0.54 exhibiting considerable diversity among the pea genotypes studied. The dendrogram showed clear pattern of clustering according to the source of germplasm. This study indicated that Himalayan region germplasm exhibited higher diversity.
Genetic variability, association studies and genetic divergence in Indian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.) varieties
Authors: Panwar Alka , Sharma Y.K. K. , Meena R. S. , Solanki R. K. , Aishwath O. P. , Singh R. P. , Choudhary Sharda
Published: January 2018

Indian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) varieties were biometrically studied for seed yield and yield contributing traits to assess genetic variability, character association and genetic divergence. Highly significant differences between varieties for all the studied traits were observed. Pooled results illustrated high estimates of PCV along with GCV for number of branches per plant, test weight, number of pods per plant, number of nodules per plant, plant height and seed yield per plant. High heritability along with genetic advance was recorded for plant height and test weight. Association studies showed highly significant positive correlation and high direct effect of test weight, plant height and number of pods per plant on seed yield. Diversity analysis grouped the set of 17 varieties into two clusters and there was lack of parallelism between genetic and geographic diversities. Intra cluster distance was the highest in cluster I than cluster II. Test weight (37.50%) contributed the maximum to total divergence, followed by plant height.
Effect of Rhizobium inoculation to nodulation and growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Germplasm
Authors: Samudin Sakka , Kuswantoro Heru
Published: January 2018

Nitrogen is an important macronutrient mineral that is needed in the largest amount by the plant and is the main limiting factor for plant development. Rhizobium is a group of bacteria capable of providing nutrients for soybean crops. When symbiotic with legume crops, this group of bacteria is able to infect plant roots and form root nodules. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Rhizobium on nodulation and growth of some soybean germplasm. The results showed no interaction between the inoculation treatment and the genotype. The significant effect of inoculation was shown by the number of nodules, nodule dry weight, root length, and root dry weight. Inoculation did not affect plant height and shoot dry weight. These traits were more influenced by genetic factors. In the condition without inoculation, the root length was higher but the root dry weight was lower. Plant height differed between the genotypes. KPT5 and KPT6 showed the highest plant height than any other genotypes. Both genotypes also had the highest shoot dry weight. The highest shoot dry weight was also achieved by KPT4.
A confidential taboo under the shadow of Turkish culture for gynecological cancer patients: Sexuality
Authors: Korukcu Oznur
Published: January 2018

This study was written as a review to discuss gender as a social taboo in women with gynecological cancer. The articles about culture, sexuality and gynecological cancer were retrieved from electronic databases: Pubmed, Google Scholar, EBSCOHOST, Scopus and Reference Series Turkey. Because of most of the people are conservative, talking on sexuality becomes a taboo not only for patients, but also for nurse in Turkey. Gynecological cancer diagnosis has an important impact on sexuality which is one of the basic human needs and crucial for the quality of life. Vaginal dryness and orgasm problems are the most common sexual troubles for gynecological cancer patients. Due to shame and social norms; patients may avoid talking about their sexual problems with nurse. Nurse should be aware for sexual care needs of gynecological cancer patients and have to encourage them for talking about their sexual life.   Keywords: Gynecological cancers; sexuality; culture; sexual taboo.