bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity Evaluation of α-Aminophosphonates
Authors: Sujatha B. , Kamala P.
Published: April 2019

In the present report, an expeditious green synthetic approach was developed for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates 5(a-j) in good yields through one-pot three component reaction (Kabachnik-Fields reaction) in solvent-free conditions under microwave irradiation. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR (1H, 13C and 31P), mass and C, H, N analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity using rat paw edema method. Most of the compounds from the series showed significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity.
Seasonal Variation of Essential Oils Composition of A Medicinal Plant - Ocimum sanctum (Purple)
Authors: Rama M. , Sundar B. Syama
Published: April 2019

The present study deals with the extraction of total essential oils from medicinal plant Ocimum sanctum (Purple) in four different seasons of 2010 calendar year. Extraction of total essential oil content of plant materials was carried out by Soxhlet extraction whereas extraction of volatile oils by steam distillation using Clevenger type apparatus. Total essential oil and volatile oils are more in winter season (November month) whereas very less quantity in summer season (May month). Eugenol is the major constituent present in the plant. The percentage composition of eugenol in four seasons was found from gas chromatography analysis.
Antimicrobial Evaluation and Efficient Green Synthesis of 8-Substituted-2,5-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine Derivatives
Authors: Sharma Priyanka
Published: April 2019

8-Substituted-2,5-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives have been synthesized by the reaction of 1-(2-furyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propenone with six 5-substiuted-2-minobenzenethiols in dry ethanol saturated with dry HCl gas and also in the presence of aluminium nitrate as catalyst in dry ethanol. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral data comprising IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR and mass studies. All these compounds have also been evaluated for their antimicrobial assay against the Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungus, Candida albicans. The antifungal activity was found to be more significant than antibacterial activity.
Novel Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 7-Substituted Derivatives of 7-(methylthio)-5-oxo-2-phenyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-b]- pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile
Authors: Angulwar Jaman A. , Khansole Gopinath S. , Bhosale Vijay N.
Published: April 2019

2-Amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole on reaction with ethyl-2-cyano-3,3-bis(methylthio)acrylate in the presence of N,N′-dimethyl formamide and catalytic amount of anhydrous potassium carbonate afforded 7-(methylthio)-5-oxo-2-phenyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-b]pyrimidine- 6-carbonitrile under similar experimental condition, compounds 7-(methylthio)-5-oxo-2-phenyl-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-b]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile on treatment independently with aryl amines/ heteryl amines/phenols containing active methylene group yielded correspon-ding 7-substituted derivatives. All these newly synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity.
A implementação da iNDC brasileira à luz do acordo de paris e seus desafios
Authors: De Medeiros Bezerra Marcelo Hugo , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Dalla Corte Ana Paula , Ruza Marieli Sabrina , Dolci de Carvalho Marília Do Carmo
Published: April 2019

Em 2015, sob o contexto de negociações climáticas que culminou na adoção do Acordo de Paris, o Brasil apresentou sua intenção de Contribuição Nacionalmente Determinada (iNDC), que se tornou o compromisso climático de mitigação de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE) do país. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar os principais desafios para a implementação da meta estipulada pelo governo brasileiro. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 20 representantes da área climática, divididos em 4 segmentos: governo, sociedade civil, academia e iniciativa privada. A hipótese de que a alocação de recursos financeiros para o cumprimento das metas será crítica se confirmou, assim como, que a estrutura de governança climática e as políticas e programas atuais precisam ser atualizados para o alcance da meta. Como resultados adicionais obtidos, os setores de energia, mudança de uso da terra e florestas e agropecuária são os que precisam de uma maior atenção para cumprir os objetivos estabelecidos. Em relação à ambição, o segmento de governo acredita que a meta brasileira é bem ambiciosa, o segmento da sociedade civil atesta que a meta não é ambiciosa e deveria ser alterada, e os representantes da academia e iniciativa privada se dividiram na opinião sobre o assunto. Conclui-se que o país enfrentará diversos desafios de cunho econômico, tecnológico e de implementação da legislação e conversão da meta em políticas públicas efetivas e que a mudança do clima seja a principal diretriz para um novo modelo de desenvolvimento pautado em uma economia de baixo carbono.
Acute Phlegmonous Esophagogastritis Causing Respiratory Distress
Authors: KO Rohit , Baby Jacob , Valsalan K Praveen
Published: April 2019

Phlegmonous esophagogastritis is an extremely rare condition characterized by diffuse inflammation of the upper gastrointestinal tract, sparing the mucosa. Patients can present with an acute onset of symptoms, and computed tomography scans can show diffusely edematous wall with intramural low attenuation surrounded by ring enhancement. Here we report such a case of a man who presented with central chest pain and breathing difficulty. The patient developed respiratory distress due to compression of trachea by the edematous esophagus.
Varicella Zoster Virus Esophagitis in an Immunocompetent Patient
Authors: Shallal Anita , Patel Prashant , Reaume Michael , Tariq Tooba , Garg Deepak
Published: April 2019

The varicella zoster virus is highly infectious, spreading via direct contact or respiratory droplets, and can lead to life-threatening complications. Although disseminated disease tends to occur most commonly in immunocompromised patients, we present a peculiar case of varicella zoster esophagitis in a healthy, immunocompetent adult. To provide prompt treatment, clinicians should be aware that the varicella zoster virus could cause severe esophagitis, even in immunocompetent patients.
Magnetic Levitation – Modelling, Identification and Open Loop Verification
Authors: Honc Daniel , Sanseverino Eleonora Riva
Published: April 2019

The paper describes a procedure using the first principle modelling and experimental identification of the Magnetic Levitation Model CE 152. It is a modified version of the paper [1]. The difference is that the identification and verification is done in open loop and constraints logic is added in the current paper. The author optimized and simplified dynamic model to a minimum to what is needed to characterize given system for the simulation and control design purposes. Only few open-loop experiments are needed to estimate the unknown parameters. Model quality is verified in open loop where the real and simulated data are compared. The model can serve as a simulation model for some standard control algorithms or as a process model for advanced control method design.
Overwintering Habitat of American Dipper, Cinclus mexicanus, Observed in an Arctic Groundwater Spring Feeding on Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma
Authors: Gallagher Colin P. , Lea Ellen V.
Published: April 2019

Perennial groundwater springs along the Alaska and Yukon North Slope provide overwintering habitat for various organisms, including birds and fishes. We observed an American Dipper, Cinclus mexicanus, in the open water of a perennial spring situated in Fish Creek, Yukon, in Ivvavik National Park on 8 March 2018. The observation at Fish Creek was among the most northern documented sightings of an American Dipper during the winter in North America. Moreover, the observation was approximately 650 km farther north than where American Dippers have been documented overwintering in Yukon, making this the most northern Canadian observation documented for this species in any season. Additionally, the American Dipper was photographed feeding on a juvenile Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma. Although American Dippers are known to feed on small fish, our observation was a novel documentation of a trophic interaction between both species during winter. The open-water habitat in Fish Creek, which is important for both species and has not been previously described, was short (~730 m long), shallow (mean = 20 cm deep), narrow (mean = 2.8 m wide), and cold (mean water temperature = 0.34ºC). While there is little information regarding the ecological interactions of American Dipper overwintering in the Arctic, we note that all observations in the North Slope area during winter occurred in river systems also used by Dolly Varden, which indicates that juvenile Dolly Varden could be an important source of food for American Dipper in winter.
Inuit Attitudes towards Co-Managing Wildlife in Three Communities in the Kivalliq Region of Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Lokken Nils A.A. , Clark Douglas A. , Broderstad Else G. , Hausner Vera H.
Published: April 2019

We explored Inuit attitudes towards co-managing wildlife in the Kivalliq Region of Nunavut, Canada, working in partnership with the hunters and trappers’ organizations of Igluligaarjuk (Chesterfield Inlet), Tikirarjuaq (Whale Cove), and Qamani’tuaq (Baker Lake). In mixed-methods interviews, study participants in the two coastal communities described dissatisfaction with polar bear (Ursus maritimus) management outcomes, in contrast to a general satisfaction with (or indifference to) the management of other species. Interviewees expressed concern about grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) and, more prominently, caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) populations in Qamani’tuaq, the inland community. Researchers have predicted that conflicts specific to polar bear management could lead to regulations being ignored or even defied and endanger the entire system of wildlife co-management. Our results indicate that dissatisfaction over decisions is specific to polar bear management outcomes and does not necessarily apply to the broader system of wildlife co-management. The results suggest that the Nunavut wildlife co-management system is quite functional: polar bear issues aside, Inuit in Qamani’tuaq, Tikirarjuaq, and Igluligaarjuk are largely content with the current functioning of the wildlife co-management regime.
Assessment of Climatic Conditions for Siberian Reindeer Herding on the Basis of Heat Balance Modelling
Authors: Klokov Konstantin B. , Mikhailov Vladimir V.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the research is to assess suitable climatic conditions for traditional herding of reindeer by Indigenous people in different areas of Siberia. A сomputer simulation model allowed us to calculate reindeer’s heat balance according to a number of meteorological indices; it was used to assess climatic conditions in 70 localities. To show the impact of climatic conditions on reindeer’s well-being, we introduce the notion of the thermal comfort index (Kt). The best environmental conditions for reindeer are in the areas where Kt takes the highest values in winter and the lowest ones in summer. We showed the results of the reindeer heat balance computer simulation on two maps visualising the average Kt values in summer and in winter. Finally, using official statistics, we calculated the number of reindeer per 100 km2 in areas with different types of traditional reindeer herding. The territories with the largest domesticated reindeer populations per 100 km2 in the two major tundra reindeer breeding areas (Samoed and Chukchi-Koriak types of reindeer herding) are located in the regions with the relatively low value of Kt in summer and high in winter. In the taiga, Kt is relatively high in summer, and reindeer herding (Tungus and Saian types) is developed mostly in highlands, where the summer Kt is lower than in flatlands because of the vertical temperature gradient. The results obtained prove that thermal conditions are extremely important for traditional reindeer herding.
Circumpolar Indigeneity in Canada, Russia, and the United States (Alaska): Do Differences Result in Representational Challenges for the Arctic Council?
Authors: Sidorova Evgeniia
Published: April 2019

This article investigates differences in circumpolar indigeneities in three major Arctic nations: Russia, Canada, and the United States (Alaska). Russia has different ways of recognizing indigeneity in law, and that definition of indigeneity excludes larger Indigenous groups of the Far North (Sakha, Komi), rather than seeing them as ethnic (titular) minorities. This study reveals that: 1) not all Indigenous peoples are represented in the Arctic Council; 2) there are historical explanations for this underrepresentation; 3) the Arctic Council should include more Indigenous groups as Permanent Participants. The equal representation of Indigenous organizations as Permanent Participants in the Arctic Council is important because all Indigenous groups in the Arctic should be heard.
Dente no traço de fratura: extrair ou manter?
Authors: Mesquita Thiago Marques de , Milani Basílio de Almeida , Cappellanes Thais Benedetti Haddad , Santos Rosany Guarnnetti dos , Lopes Talita
Published: April 2019

As fraturas localizadas no ângulo mandibular podem conter um dente no traço de fratura, sendo que, ao longo dos anos, foram observadas opiniões divergentes quanto à necessidade de extração ou manutenção desses dentes presentes na linha de fratura. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar dois casos clínicos de tratamento de fraturas mandibulares com presença de dente no traço de fratura, e discutir as indicações da manutenção e da extração desses dentes. No primeiro caso, optou-se pela exodontia do elemento dentário associado ao traço de fratura mandibular. No segundo, optou-se por manter o dente na linha de fratura. Como resultado, obteve-se sucesso no tratamento tanto no caso em que o dente foi mantido quanto no caso em que o dente foi extraído. Pode-se concluir que dentes que apresentam qualquer condição que inviabilize a sua manutenção ou que impeçam a redução da fratura devem ser extraídos no transoperatório. Devem ser mantidos em posição os dentes presentes no traço de fratura mandibular que estejam hígidos ou que facilitem a redução e fixação das fraturas mandibulares. A preservação de um dente no traço de fratura mandibular não aumenta a chance de infecção, desde que não exista indicação de exodontia.
Abordagem cirúrgica de quartos molares retidos em mandíbula: relato de caso
Authors: Guerra Felipe Aurélio , Érnica Natasha Magro , Griza Geraldo Luiz , Garbin Júnior Eleonor Alvaro
Published: April 2019

Dentes supranumerários são mais frequentes na dentição permanente da maxila, tendo maior prevalência no sexo masculino. Sua presença pode ocasionar atraso na erupção dos dentes vizinhos, má oclusão, formação de cistos ou reabsorções radiculares. Visto que a presença de quartos molares é rara, o diagnóstico precoce, baseado em um exame clínico minucioso e exames complementares adequados, é chave para uma conduta prudente e minimização de injúrias no momento da extração. No presente artigo, será relatado o caso clínico de um paciente do sexo masculino, 23 anos de idade, não portador de doenças de base ou hábitos deletérios, que apresentou-se para extração dos terceiros e quartos molares, com ausência de queixas álgicas ou sensitivas. Após realização do exame clínico, radiográfico e tomográfico, o plano de tratamento foi a extração de todos os terceiros e quartos molares. A conduta cirúrgica empregada mostrou-se efetiva na remoção dos dentes inclusos, com tempo cirúrgico adequado e ausência de complicações pós-operatórias. O diagnóstico precoce, junto a um correto planejamento por meio de exames como tomografia computadorizada, é de grande valia para o sucesso no tratamento de dentes retidos e supranumerários.
Cisto nasolabial – diagnóstico e tratamento cirúrgico: relato de caso
Authors: Torriani Marcos Antonio , Bobrowski Ângelo Niemczewski , Rodrigues Rafael Jobim , Matos Raquele Soares , Santos Stefany Rodrigues , Machado Tanielley Viera , Cassal Caroline Kommeling
Published: April 2019

O cisto nasolabial é uma lesão rara de tecido mole, de origem não odontogênica e patogênese ainda incerta. Sua ocorrência é geralmente unilateral e tem predileção por pacientes do sexo feminino (4:1). Clinicamente, caracteriza-se por um aumento de volume na região nasolabial, causando elevação da asa do nariz e projeção do lábio superior. No presente trabalho, os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 68 anos de idade, que se queixava de aumento de volume em região de sulco nasolabial direito, com aproximadamente dois anos de evolução, sem relato de episódios de sintomatologia dolorosa, cujas características clínicas eram compatíveis com o quadro de cisto nasolabial. Foi realizada punção aspirativa do conteúdo cístico por via intranasal e imediatamente realizada a injeção de contraste radiográfico e radiografia de perfil e oclusal, como método de localização da lesão. A seguir, procedeu-se a enucleação cirúrgica da lesão. A hipótese diagnóstica de cisto nasolabial foi confirmada após exame histopatológico. Após 45 dias, a paciente teve alta, apresentando total recuperação clínica, sem intercorrências estéticas e funcionais.
Entropías de la movilidad urbana en el espacio metropolitano de Guadalajara: Transporte privado y calidad del aire
Authors: Quevedo García Fernando , Asprilla Lara Yefer , González Pérez Mario Guadalupe
Published: April 2019

Contexto: la evidencia empírica demuestra que, en los últimos tres lustros del presente siglo, el parque vehicular se ha incrementado en más de dos millones de unidades en el área metropolitana de Guadalajara. Dentro de este incremento alarmante, muchos de los vehículos no poseen convertidores catalíticos y a pesar de ello circulan cotidianamente por las vías primarias y secundarias de la metrópoli. De ahí el objetivo del presente trabajo consistente en reflexionar sobre la movilidad motorizada que se vive actualmente en la segunda urbe más importante de México.Método: se utiliza un método analítico descriptivo basado en la revisión documental de contenidos temáticos sobre el porcentaje de contaminantes que aporta cada municipio que compone la metrópoli de Guadalajara, con respecto al incremento del parque vehicular, calidad del aire, cantidad de vehículos registrados y cantidad de vehículos verificados. Con base en el enfoque sistémico, se hacen inferencias del escenario actual de la ciudad bajo el argumento de que ésta se encuentra ante la presencia de fuerzas estabilizadoras y desestabilidazoras de su estado homeostático.Resultados: se obtiene que la política gubernamental en materia de reducción de contaminantes ha tenido poco impacto en la concientización de la población.Por lo tanto, resulta necesario realizar un repensamiento de las acciones gubernamentales y ciudadanas para reducir la probabilidad de precontingencias y contingencias ambientales y promover la cultura de la movilidad incluyente, sustentable y segura. Asimismo, los datos sugieren que existe una ausencia sistémica en la planificación de la ciudad y del territorio.Conclusiones: la ausencia sistémica en la planificación de la ciudad y el territorio ha originado condiciones hostiles manifiestas en el espacio físico. En este espacio, los vehículos privados, y en general los medios motorizados, se han convertido en estas fuerzas que alteran la homeostasis de la ciudad provocando entropía, lo que conlleva al uso de medios de transporte sostenibles y a trabajar colectivamente para la sustitución sistemática del automóvil.
Interfaces adaptativas personalizadas para brindar recomendaciones en repositorios de objetos de aprendizaje
Authors: Salazar Ospina Oscar Mauricio , Rodríguez Marín Paula Andrea , Ovalle Carranza Demetrio Arturo , Duque Méndez Néstor Darío
Published: April 2019

Contexto: existen muchos repositorios de recursos educativos que permiten buscar y recuperar objetos de aprendizaje, de esta forma se puede tener acceso a millones de recursos educativos; sin embargo, se requiere mejorar la presentación, visualización y satisfacción de uso de dichos objetos de aprendizaje, teniendo en cuenta las preferencias y necesidades de los estudiantes.Método: el objetivo de este artículo es incorporar una interfaz adaptativa personalizada a un sistema multiagente con el fin de recomendar objetos de aprendizaje, desde repositorios locales y remotos utilizando el perfil cognitivo de los estudiantes.Resultados: la validación del prototipo se realizó a través de un caso de estudio en el cual la interfaz adaptó tanto la presentación como la visualización de los objetos de aprendizaje a través de las preferencias, necesidades y características de los estudiantes.Conclusiones: se puede concluir que las interfaces adaptativas personalizadas demuestran su eficacia y representan entonces un gran aporte en los entornos de e-learning, debido a que modifican en tiempo real la visualización y la presentación, teniendo en cuenta el perfil cognitivo del aprendiz.
Max Weber revisited
Authors: Hennen Leonhard
Published: April 2019

In der aktuellen Debatte um die normativen Grundlagen der Technikfolgenabschätzung (TA) stehen Forderungen nach einer eindeutigen Positionierung der TA in technologiepolitischen Auseinandersetzungen neben Positionen, die an der Rolle der TA als neutraler Beobachter solcher Debatten festhalten wollen. Der Beitrag versucht, durch den Rekurs auf Max Webers kritische Stellungnahmen im ähnlich gelagerten Werturteilsstreit Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts zur Klärung der Rolle von TA beizutragen. Es wird gezeigt, dass für Max Weber, anders als oft behauptet, Werturteilsfreiheit und engagierte Wissenschaft miteinander vereinbar waren. Für Max Weber war Wissenschaft ohne einen expliziten Bezug auf Werte nicht vorstellbar. Entsprechend kann (und sollte) TA sich ihrer Wertbeziehungen vergewissern, sie auch offensiv vertreten, ohne deshalb den Anspruch werturteilsfreier wissenschaftlicher Analyse aufzugeben.
Kajian Metode Elektrofotokatalisis, Elektrolisis dan Fotokatalisis pada Dekolorisasi Larutan Zat Warna Remazol Black B yang Mengandung Ion Logam Cu2+
Authors: Mustika Sulistias , Haris Abdul , Prasetya Nor Basid Adiwibawa
Published: April 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang kajian metode elektrofotokatalisis, elektrolisis dan fotokatalisis pada dekolorisasi larutan zat warna Remazol Black B yang mengandung ion logam Cu2+. Metode elektrofotokatalisis, elektrolisis dan fotokatalisis merupakan metode yang dapat digunakan dalam penanganan limbah tekstil. Pada penelitian ini akan dibandingkan ketiga metode tersebut untuk dekolorisasi larutan zat warna Remazol Black B yang mengandung ion logam Cu2+ serta mengetahui pengaruh keberadaan ion logam Cu2+ dan penyinaran lampu UV-C terhadap dekolorisasi zat warna Remazol Black B. Larutan hasil elektrofotokatalisis, elektrolisis, dan fotokatalisis dianalisis dengan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode elektrofotokatalisis merupakan metode yang paling efektif karena mampu mendekolorisasi Remazol Black B. hingga 99,66% dan menurunkan konsentrasi ion logam Cu2+ hingga 96,60%. Keberadaan ion logam Cu2+ dan penyinaran lampu UV-C meningkatkan dekolorisasi zat warna Remazol Black B.
Isolasi, Identifikasi dan Uji Sitotoksik Senyawa Steroid dari Daun Binahong (Anredera Cordifilia (Ten.) Stennis)
Authors: Manik Yuliana , Fachriyah Enny , Kusrini Dewi
Published: April 2019

Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) adalah tanaman obat potensial yang dapat mengatasi berbagai jenis penyakit dan berguna sebagai antibakteri, antioksidan dan antiseptik. Steroid diketahui bermanfaat sebagai antibakteri. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan isolasi, identifikasi dan uji sitotoksik terhadap ekstrak n-heksana. Analisis isolat yang berupa kristal putih dengan titik leleh sebesar 154,9-155,3oC dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer FT-IR dan LC-MS. Hasil analisis FT-IR menunjukkan isolat memiliki gugus –OH, -C-O, C=C, –CH3 dan –CH2. Sedangkan hasil LC-MS menunjukkan bahwa isolat memiliki berat molekul 351 g/mol. Berat molekul ini diduga dimiliki oleh senyawa stigmasterol (steroid alkohol) yang telah mengalami pemutusan ikatan pada rantai cabang. Hasil uji sitotoksik dengan metode BSLT menunjukkan bahwa hanya fraksi A bersifat toksik dengan harga LC50 sebesar 9,931 ppm sedangkan ekstrak n-heksana, fraksi B, C, dan D tidak bersifat toksik dengan harga LC50 berturut-turut 463,877 ppm, 1664,039 ppm, 1341,507 ppm dan 172,213 ppm.
Isolasi, Identifikasi dan Uji Sitotoksik Senyawa Alkaloid Daun Ketapang yang Sudah Menguning (Terminalia cattapa Linn)
Authors: Prima Ferdian Cahya , Kusrini Dewi , Fachriyah Enny
Published: April 2019

Telah dilakukan proses isolasi senyawa alkaloid indol daun ketapang yang sudah menguning (Terminalia Cattapa Linn) dengan metode ekstraksi Asam-Basa. Hasil isolasi diperoleh senyawa alkaloid total sebesar 1,423 gram (percent 0,287%). Analisis menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukkan adanya serapan pada panjang gelombang 206 dan 224 nm, yang mengindikasikan bahwa senyawa alkaloid memiliki kerangka dasar indol. Uji sitotoksik diperoleh harga LC50 sebesar 157,004 ppm.
Kitosan sebagai Bahan Dasar Drug Delivery: Studi Interaksi Segmen Dimer Kitosan dengan Vitamin C secara Komputasi Ab Initio dan Eksperimen
Authors: Dewi Sekar Kusuma , Windarti Tri , Siahaan Parsaoran
Published: April 2019

Studi interaksi antarmolekul antara kitosan dan vitamin C secara komputasi ab initio dan eksperimen untuk memahami penggunaan kitosan sebagai bahan dasar drug delivery telah dilakukan. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah energi interaksi dan spektra IR. Perhitungan dilakukan terhadap dua konformasi interaksi yaitu antara sisi atom N segmen dimer kitosan bermuatan parsial negatip masing-masing dengan sisi atom H pada cincin vitamin C yang bermuatan parsial positip (konformasi I) dan sisi atom H di luar cincin (konformasi II). Energi dan jarak interaksi konfigurasi I masing-masing sebesar -62,263 kJ mol-1 dan 1,897 Å, sedangkan konfigurasi II sebesar -32,641 kJ mol-1 dan 2,226 Å. Spektra IR menunjukkan mode-mode vibrasi pada kedua senyawa yang berinteraksi. Kesimpulan hasil pemodelan adalah bahwa kitosan dapat mengikat vitamin C dengan energi yang berbeda. Hasil pemodelan diverifikasi dengan absorpsi vitamin C oleh kitosan melalui pencampurkan 2,5 g kitosan dan 0,25 % larutan vitamin C. Pengukuran vitamin C yang tersisa dan uji lepas lambat vitamin C yang terserap dalam kitosan dalam media air dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa kitosan dapat menyerap vitamin C sebesar 46,5 % serta pada 10 menit pertama konsentrasi vitamin C yang dilepas sebesar 95,15 ppm.
Sintesis Komposit TiO2-Karbon Aktif untuk Fotokatalisis Larutan Zat Warna Direct Blue 19 dan Ion Logam Pb2+ dan Cd2+ secara Simultan
Authors: Agustin Titi , Prasetya Nor Basid Adiwibawa , Widodo Didik Setiyo
Published: April 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang sintesis komposit TiO2-karbon aktif untuk fotokatalisis larutan zat warna Direct Blue 19 dan ion logam Pb2+ dan Cd2+ secara simultan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan sintesis TiO2 dari TiCl4, kemudian dibuat menjadi komposit TiO2-karbon aktif yang diuji kemampuan fotokatalitiknya dengan variabel pH, waktu kontak, dan konsentrasi ion logam yang ditambahkan pada larutan zat warna Direct Blue 19. Karakterisasi TiO2 serbuk dan TiO2-karbon aktif dilakukan dengan menggunakan XRD, DR-UV, SEM dan SAA. Sedangkan pengukuran konsentrasi zat warna dan ion logam sebelum dan sesudah diuji fotokatalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dan AAS. Hasil penelitian diperoleh serbuk TiO2 sintesis berfasa anatase dengan ukuran kristal sebesar 16,52 nm Energi Band Gap sebesar 3,71 eV. Komposit TiO2-karbon aktif yang dihasilkan berbentuk tablet dengan diameter 0,8 cm, tinggi 0,45 cm dan berwarna abu-abu. Komposit TiO2-KA yang dihasilkan memilki morfologi yang berongga dengan luas permukaan luas area permukaan sebesar 31,366 m2/g, volume pori sebesar 0,102 cc/g sedangkan radius pori sebesar 3,8643 nm. pH optimum untuk proses fotodegradasi ini adalah pada rentang pH 3-4. Penambahan ion logam Cd2+ dan Pb2+ dapat meningkatkan efektivitas fotodegradasi Direct Blue 19 dan secara simultan dapat mereduksi ion logam Cd2+ dan Pb2+.
Isolasi Senyawa Antioksidan dari Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L)
Authors: Putra Buyung Rukmantara Susena , Kusrini Dewi , Fachriyah Enny
Published: April 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian isolasi senyawa antioksidan dari fraksi etil asetat daun tempuyung serta uji aktivitas fraksi etil asetat sebagai antioksidan. Identifikasi struktur isolat aktif antioksidan dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, serta aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikril-hidrazil). Hasil isolasi senyawa aktif antioksidan diperoleh isolat A1 dan A2 yang diduga merupakan senyawa flavonoid golongan khalkon. Uji aktivitas antioksidan diketahui bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki potensi yang kurang bagus sebagai antioksidan dengan harga IC50 353,41 ppm.
Assessment of Compost Maturity using The Static Respirometry Index
Authors: Kristanto Gabriel Andari , Rahmah Syifa Aulia
Published: April 2019

To be used as organic fertilizer, compost must be stable and mature enough to ensure that it is safe for agricultural application. The stability and maturity of compost can be viewed from physical, chemical, and biological parameters. One of the biological parameters is the static respiration index (SRI). In many places, the SRI is applied as a representative indicator of the stability and maturity of compost but not in Indonesia compost standard of the SNI 19-7030-2004. This study aims to assess the index of the static respiration of composts and analyze their stability and maturity. The assessment was carried out on 10 compost samples sold in Jakarta and Depok. It is observed that 8 of 10 tested composts was stable and mature, with a static respiration index of 0.61–1.35 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1. One of the 10 composts was very stable and very mature, with a static respiration index of 0.46 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1 and 1 compost was unstable and immature, with an index of 1.79 mg O2 g-1 VS h-1. The results indicated that re-composted for seven days was adequate to make the compost more stable and mature than the initial state. Since maturity is not described by a single property, it is great assurance for the compost producer and end user in Indonesia that not only physical and chemical characteristics are used as indicator for compost stability and maturity but also biological indicator such as SRI. Keywords: compost; maturity; stability; static respiration index
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Symptoms Among Czech Dental Students. Part 2: The Predictive Value of Digital Assessment
Authors: Kapitán Martin , Pilbauerová Nela , Vavřičková Lenka , Šustová Zdeňka , Machač Stanislav
Published: April 2019

This article is the second part of an evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) prevalence among dental students. As the majority of complaints are in the back region, there is an endeavor to analyze objectively the disorders in this region. One of the non-invasive and non-radiation methods is the spinal curve mapping using the Spinal Mouse® device (Idiag AG, Fehraltorf, Switzerland). The aim of this study was to determine a correlation between subjectively described complaints and the results of an objective examination of the spine using the Spinal Mouse® device. Information about the participants is given in the first part of the article. All the participants were examined with the Spinal Mouse® device in several body positions. Further, the Matthiass test was performed to evaluate neuromuscular stabilization of the axial skeleton in static conditions. Musculoskeletal pain occurred more often in students who had a higher range of motion (ROM) and had worse static stabilization of spine. Other assessed factors or measured parameters did not have any influence on musculoskeletal pain. Some of the parameters measured with the Spinal Mouse® device showed a correlation with the prevalence of musculoskeletal.
Nightstick Fractures, Outcomes of Operative and Non-Operative Treatment
Authors: Ali Mohammed , Clark D. I. , Tambe Amole
Published: April 2019

Introduction: A nightstick fracture is an isolated fracture of the ulnar shaft. Although operative and non-operative treatments have been commonly decided by the degree of displacement of the fracture, still there is a controversy specially in those moderately displaced. Herein we report our experience with nightstick fractures. Objective: To evaluate operative and non-operative treatment of nightstick fracture. Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical notes, physiotherapy letters and radiographs of 52 patients with isolated ulnar shaft fractures. Outcome Measurements included radiographic healing, post-operative range of motion and complications. Results: The study included 13 females and 39 males, with a mean age of 26 years [range, 18–93 years]. The mean Follow-up period was 32 months ranged from 12 to 54 months. Ten patients were treated non-operatively; forty-two patients had open reduction and internal fixation including six open fractures. The average wait for surgery was 2.5 days. Mobilisation was commenced immediately after the surgeries non-load bearing. 40 patients had no complications post-operatively with good outcome and average of four visits follow-up. In the non-operative group, five out ten failed and had a mean follow-up of nine visits. Conclusion: Satisfactory outcome is to be expected with open reduction and internal fixation. Fractures with less than 50% displacement should be treated on individual bases, considering; age, pre-morbid functional status, co-morbidities, compliance and associated injuries.
Thoracic Radiography Characteristics of Drug Sensitive Tuberculosis and Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: A Study of Indonesian National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey
Authors: Sulistijawati Rosalia Sri , Icksan Aziza Ghanie , Lolong Dina Bisara , Nurwidya Fariz
Published: April 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a burden globally, including Indonesia. The primary objective of this study is to reveal the chest radiography characteristic of drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) and multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) in the Indonesian national tuberculosis prevalence survey 2013–2014. The secondary objective is to explore the correlation and incidence rate of chest radiography lesion of DS-TB and MDR-TB cases. Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective analytical studies with national and regional coverage. Samples were selected by stratified multi-stage clustering sampling technique in a population aged ≥15 years old. The diagnosis of TB was based on culture and GeneXpert tests. Results: There were 147 DS-TB and 11 MDR-TB patients that were analyzed in this study. The nodule is the only type of lesions that distinguish MDR-TB and DS-TB. In multivariate analysis of DS-TB, there were 3 significant chest radiography lesions, i.e infiltrate, cavity and consolidation with odd-ratio (OR) of 14, 13, and 3, respectively. In MDR-TB, the only significant lesion is a nodule, with OR of 19. Conclusion: Nodule is the only type of lesions that distinguish MDR-TB and DS-TB. Infiltrate, cavity and consolidation were the types of chest radiography lesions on DS-TB, meanwhile, a nodule was the only significant lesion for MDR-TB.
Study of times and movements in the service sector: an analysis in a beauty salon
Authors: Nunes Jéssica Danielle de Carvalho , Correia Ana Maria Magalhães , Sampaio Priscila Gonçalves Vasconcelos , De Oliveira Alexandre Henrique Soares , Da Silva Armistrong Martins
Published: April 2019

This work presents a review of motion and time made in the most performed service in a small beauty salon in Mossoró - RN - Brazil. Thus, this research aims to use the knowledge derived from the engineering of methods, precisely, the studies movements and times and to associate such studies, which were developed mainly within the manufacturing process, to bring to a service delivery environment. To have specific objectives, to prepare a flowchart of the operation of the manicure service, to find the standard time of this service through the chronoanalysis of the stages of the task and to carry out the study of the methods developed during the execution of the service in question. In this sense, it can conclude that employing the chrono-analysis tool, the default time for the chosen operation is approximately 36 minutes. This finding means that this is the period required to provide a unit of the manicure service, considering the skills, efforts, conditions, and consistencies of the operator, the physical environment, the materials, and equipment analyzed. This work presents a study of motion and time in the most performed service in a small beauty salon in the city of Mossoró/RN, in Brazil.
Estimating the effect of buyers’ bargaining power on Kenyan small food manufacturers’ income
Authors: Omillo Francis Okumu
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to predict the effect of buyers’ bargaining power (customers’ price sensitivity, knowledge level, union, ability to integrate backward, switching costs and resale buying) on incomes of small food manufacturers. A survey of perceptions of 132 sampled small food processors in Nairobi and Busia Counties was done. From the gradation of the perceptions on seven-point likert scale, inferences were made on buyers bargaining power influence on the larger population of small food manufacturers in Kenya. On one hand, the study revealed that every unit of buyer’s sensitivity to prices, not unionized, integrated backwards and bought for goods for resale accounted for a positive change small food processors’ income by 0.011, 0.013, 0.005 and 0.010, respectively. On the other hand, the study showed a negative change of 0.006 and 0.008 in incomes of small agro-food processors with every unit change in the level of buyer’s knowledge and shifted to alternative product, respectively.  Using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) linear regression statistical inference, there was no single standalone buyers’-bargaining-power-factor that significant influenced incomes of small food manufacturers in Kenya. However, the amalgam of the buyers bargaining power cues actually did influence the incomes (t=8.294, p= 0.00, sig <0.05, 2 tailed). Given the findings, the study recommends that marketers of food products should treat buyers bargaining powers factors as a whole and not as individual components. Further studies should consider structural equation modeling to determine a model with critical buyers-bargaining-powers factors.
Are academic studies reliable in Brazil? Financial variables in an inflationary environment
Authors: Machado Luciana Maia Campos , Eid William
Published: April 2019

After the stabilization of inflation rates in Brazil, Monetary Correction for financial data was extinguished. Since then, the distinct reflections of prices variations on monetary and non-monetary variables presented on balance sheets are no longer considered. From 2004 to 2013, however, the cumulative inflation reaches 226%. In this situation, questions about the reliability of the greatest tools we have in the finance research world - financial data of companies - emerges. This work compared financial indicators and empirical models built with data adjusted for inflation and original data issued by firms. A database of 143 Brazilian companies traded on Bovespa were adjusted for inflation, from 2004 to 2013, on the precepts of the extinct Monetary Correction. We obtained two different samples: the first containing financial data adjusted for inflation and the second corporate data originally released. Statistical tests showed that financial indicators such as ROI, Asset Turnover, Debt and Market-to-book are significantly higher when we do not consider the effects of inflation. In addition, the panel regression models, when adjusted, had higher predictable power (greater R²) and representative changes of significance on the variables and coefficients. The results indicated that inflation is essential in the analysis of financial data and must be considered in the preparation of reliable databases, although assumed as stable in recent years.
Analysis of Financial Performance of Cement Industry Manufacturing Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange Using the FAHP Technique and the TOPSIS Method
Authors: Omrani Sahar , Jafari Mostafa , Mansori Ali
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to provide a fuzzy model for evaluating the performance of cement industry manufacturing companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange in 2013, 2014 and 2015 using financial ratios and considering the preferences of different decision makers.MethodologyThis study was based on FAHP and TOPSIS, in which the FAHP was used to determine the weight of different criteria of the decision makers. Finally, the cement industry companies were ranked using the TOPSIS approach. In this study, different financial ratios such as liquidity ratios, leverage ratios, activity ratios, profitability ratios, and growth ratios were used for evaluation.Results & FindingsEleven findings and nineteen results were presented that three Soufian Cement Company, Ghadir Capital and Industry Development Cement Company, and Hegmatan Cement Company from Three East Azarbaijan, Tehran, and Hamedan provinces and from three different geographic regions of Iran have had the most similarity with the ideal solution in the ranking of options (alternatives) by the TOPSIS method. Also, in the light of core values and by maintaining their market share and competent corporate governance, they have gained the highest output of the cement industry by obtaining the first rank respectively in 2013, 2014, and 2015, which, in turn, can be a good representative of the country's cement industry. By modeling the top companies and with the help of science along with analyzes in other sectors of the cement industry, the firms with weaker performance can strengthen their performance. This can become a strong strength for the Iranian cement industry.
The role of local food production to reduce food losses and improve regional economy
Authors: Mendes dos Reis João Gilberto , Maiellaro João Roberto , Muçouçah Fernando Juabre , Vendrametto Oduvaldo , Dos Santos Robson
Published: April 2019

Brazil is one of the most important agricultural growers worldwide, however, faces many logistics and distribution issues due to the size of the country. Therefore, it is known that local producers are essential to Food Supply Chains because they are near to the consumers and reduce the logistics impacts. In order to understand the role of local food producers, this study analysis the Local Food Production Mogi das Cruzes city. It is considered the center of Sao Paulo metropolitan area green belt. Data were collected from Municipal Secretary of Agriculture. The results suggest that the local government performs technical and legal actions and there is a concerning in supporting the local food producers, keep on this economic activity in a good level of efficiency.
Implementation of Lean Practices in Banks: A Qualitative Research
Authors: Khan Zeeshan Ahmad , Ahmad Muhammad , Butt Sehrish
Published: April 2019

For Pakistani banks to remain competitive in this 21st century, they have to adopt and excel in practices that have brought significant competitive advantages to firms worldwide. Among these practices, lean management has played a significant role. There is a need to develop a systematic approach to access up to what extent firms are adopting lean practices. The objective of this research is to measure the level of adoptions of lean practices in banking sector in Pakistan. Face to face structured interviews were conducted and our findings suggest that banks are not implementing lean practices in true spirit. To implement lean practices holistically, bank employees should understand the philosophy of lean.
Identification and characterization of "Black Swans" in technological events in Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Junior Moacyr Machado
Published: April 2019

“Black swan” events represent a critical issue in risk analysis. Events with extremely low probability of occurrence are in general discarded from the risk analysis process. This paper aims to identify and characterize four accidents that occurred in Brazil into the following classes: “not a black swan”, “black swan: unknown-unknown”, “black swan: unknown-known” and “black Swan: not believed to occur”, by obtaining from experts the distribution of belief for the real probability of each class. Results showed that, throughout all cases analyzed, the class “black swan: unknown-unknown” was never reported, which means that none of the cases studied were a complete surprise to anyone. The method used was able to assign all accident events to the remaining classes. Probability distribution elicited from experts showed large disagreement among them, and the expected value was considered low. Nevertheless, the elicited distributions can be utilized in future risk analysis as a priori distribution in a Bayesian approach.
Ibrahim’s triangle model (satisfaction – benefit – loyalty) for systems success measurement
Authors: Fadhel Ibrahim Eskandar Ibrahim , Idrus Syed Zulkarnain Bin Syed , Ibrahim Amani Ali Elmetwaly Ali , Omar Mazni
Published: April 2019

Currently the high rate of systems fails, and challenges faces the researchers results in relegate systems success measure to the back seat. With the big debate among the researcher about what is the best measure of systems success this study come out with new perspective. Current study makes united between the dependent variables that measures systems success, instead of depending on one variable researcher should depends on three variables together. With 344 users from three different universities Ibrahim’s triangle model has been approved as a valid success measure. All the hypothesis was accepted and there is a strong positive relationship between the triangle factors.
Formación de Directivos Escolares en Chile: Situación Actual, Evolución y Desafíos de su Oferta
Authors: Muñoz Gonzalo , Amenábar Josefina , Valdebenito María José
Published: April 2019

El artículo describe la situación actual de la formación de directivos escolares en Chile, a través de una caracterización de los programas de máster especializados en esta área y de su comparación con una observación inicial realizada en el año 2010. Se utilizan como fuente principal los resultados de un cuestionario aplicado a los responsables de una muestra de los programas de formación vigentes en Chile al año 2017. La evidencia recopilada permite concluir que la preparación de directivos en Chile ha experimentado un importante cambio curricular, consistente con las políticas educacionales en este país. Esto se ha traducido en una mayor priorización de conocimientos y habilidades como la teoría y práctica del liderazgo educativo, herramientas para el mejoramiento escolar o la gestión del desarrollo profesional docente. Este interesante cambio convive, sin embargo, con un evidente estancamiento a nivel metodológico: sigue predominando un modelo formativo esencialmente teórico y carente de instancias prácticas de desarrollo profesional, lo que limita las posibilidades de que esta formación logre impactar sustantivamente en el aprendizaje y desempeño de los líderes escolares. El caso chileno entrega, a nivel de la formación misma pero también de las políticas que la promueven, aprendizajes relevantes para el desafío de formar con calidad a los líderes escolares de América Latina.