bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithiated porous silicon nanowires stimulate periodontal regeneration
Authors: Kaasalainen Martti , Zhang Ran , Vashisth Priya , Birjandi Anahid Ahmadi , S'ari Mark , Martella Davide , Isaacs Mark , Makila Ermei , Wang Cong , Moldenhauer Evelin , Clarke Paul , Pinna Alessandra , Caprettini Valeria , Morell Alexander , Addison Owen , Zhang Xuehui , Bergholt Mads , Al-Jamal Khuloud , Angelova-Volponi Ana , Salonen Jarno , Hondow Nicole , Sharpe Paul , Chiappini Ciro
Published: January 2023

Periodontal disease is a significant burden for oral health, causing progressive and irreversible damage to the support structure of the tooth. This complex structure, the periodontium, is composed of interconnected soft and mineralised tissues, posing a challenge for regenerative approaches. Materials combining silicon and lithium are widely studied in periodontal regeneration, as they stimulate bone repair via silicic acid release while providing regenerative stimuli through lithium activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Yet, existing materials for combined lithium and silicon release have limited control over ion release amounts and kinetics. Porous silicon can provide controlled silicic acid release, inducing osteogenesis to support bone regeneration. Prelithiation, a strategy developed for battery technology, can introduce large, controllable amounts of lithium within porous silicon, but yields a highly reactive material, unsuitable for biomedicine. This work debuts a strategy to lithiate porous silicon nanowires (LipSiNs) which generates a biocompatible and bioresorbable material. LipSiNs incorporate lithium to between 1% and 40% of silicon content, releasing lithium and silicic acid in a tailorable fashion from days to weeks. LipSiNs combine osteogenic, cementogenic and Wnt/β-catenin stimuli to regenerate bone, cementum and periodontal ligament fibres in a murine periodontal defect.
Interface optimization of dissimilar wire arc additive manufactured wall through ANN-TOPSIS conjugate algorithm
Authors: Paul Amrit Raj , Bose S. , Dhar A.R. , Biswas S. , Mukherjee Manidipto , Manivannan R.
Published: January 2023

The development of functionally graded structures (FGS) through the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique is frequently associated with a number of interface-related issues that are mostly controlled by the input parameters. However, it is frequently noticed that the input-output correlation of FGS is quite complex, and a general statistic/stochastic optimisation technique is not very helpful in optimising the process objectives. Therefore, ANN-TOPSIS conjugate algorithm is proposed in this study to predict and optimise the Al-Ni and Ni-SS dissimilar interfaces. The proposed model shows more than 95% accurate prediction of interface characteristics along with <15% error between the validated and optimised responses. The metallurgical characterisation revealed the formation of AlNi intermetallic layer at the Al-Ni interface surrounded by Al3Ni at the Al side and AlNi3 at the Ni side closer to the interface. The SS-Ni interface mainly consist of FeNi3. The microhardness of the Al-Ni interface increases as the Al content of the Al-Ni IMC increases. The hardness of the Al-Ni interface is higher than that of the SS-Ni interface.
Health care professionals' perceptions towards the use of computerized clinical decision support systems in antimicrobial stewardship in Jordanian hospitals: A two institutional study
Authors: Albahar Fares , Abu-Farha Rana K , Alshogran Osama Y , Alhamad Hamza , Curtis Chris , Marriott John
Published: January 2023

Background
Understanding health care professionals' perceptions towards a Computerised Decision Support System (CDSS) may provide a platform for the determinants of successful adoption and implementation of CDSS. Therefore, this study examines health care professionals' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to adopting a CDSS for antibiotic prescribing in Jordanian hospitals.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals in Jordan's two tertiary and teaching hospitals (n = 254). The survey was adapted from a previous study and comprised demographic items and scales to measure perceptions of healthcare professionals towards the barriers and facilitators to the adoption of CDSS for antibiotic prescribing were developed. In addition, Uni and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to screen for factors affecting participants' awareness of using electronic prescribing and electronic health record systems in AMS.
Results
The majority (n = 84, 72.4%) were aware that electronic prescribing and electronic health record systems could be used to facilitate antibiotic use prescribing. The essential facilitator made CDSS available in a portable format (n = 224, 88.2%). While, insufficient training to use CDSS was the most significant barrier (n = 175, 68.9%). The female providers showed significantly lower awareness (P = 0.006) and the nurses significantly higher awareness (P = 0.041) about using electronic prescribing and electronic health record systems.
Conclusion
This study examined health care professionals' perceptions towards adopting CDSS in AMS. Results provide insight into the perceived barriers and facilitators to adopting CDSS in AMS.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards acute pain management in the prehospital setting and associated factors among emergency care providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zeleke Yared Getachew , Mekonnen Altayework , Gebre Kibatu , Gete Birhanu Chekol , Endeshaw Amanuel Sisay
Published: January 2023

Background
Acute pain is a predominant problem in the prehospital setting. Acute pain management in the prehospital setting requires precise and competent skills in practice—failure to assess and relieve pain results in multisystem effects that lead to poor patient prognosis. Emergency care providers should have adequate knowledge and develop good pain management practices. Limited information is documented on knowledge, attitude and practices about acute pain management among emergency care providers. This study aimed to assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of acute pain management in the prehospital setting and associated factors among emergency care providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods
Quantitative cross-sectional study design was conducted among emergency care providers working in a prehospital setting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. One hundred forty-one participants were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and practice observation checklist, then entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis using a logistic regression model.
Results
Most participants had good knowledge, with 81 (63.8%) scoring above the mean value (64%). The mean percentage for pain management practice was 36%. Availability of pain medications and assessment for pain were factors significantly associated with pain management practice with an adjusted odds ratio of 7.98, 95% CI: 1.32–48.18 and 42.87, 95% CI: 12.7-144.7, respectively.
Conclusion
The results show that the knowledge regarding acute pain management is good, but the attitude and practice of emergency care providers are unfavourable and poor. Further research is indicated to assess the possible barriers and facilitators of acute pain management in the prehospital setting.
Heat shock proteins increase during a race with high exertional heat stroke incidence
Authors: III Virgilio Lopez , Hosokawa Yuri , Sekiguchi Yasuki , Wright Skylar N. , Sarwat Zoha , Bivona Joseph J. , Thornton Staci N. , Dadzie Ekow , Brown Cyrus , Dwarki Anupama , Jardine John F. , Adams William M. , Casa Douglas J. , Lee Elane C.
Published: January 2023

Background: Circulating heat-inducible, heat-shock protein 72 [HSP72] responses to exercise-heat stress have been well studied as a potential biomarker of exertional heat illness susceptibility. However, little is known about the responses of other HSPs important to immune responses and pathophysiology. HSP27, -60, and -90 are fundamental HSPs important in cellular proteostasis and pathophysiology associated with immune dysregulation. Therefore, we aimed to characterize responses of HSP27, -60, and –90 during a race known to introduce extreme levels of exercise-heat stress that annually result in high incidences of exertional heat stroke.
Methods: Thirty participants (45.3±11.7 yr, 175.6±8.9 cm, 74.9±13.5 kg, 19.7±3.6 % body fat) registered to run in the Falmouth Road Race (Falmouth, MA) were recruited. Gastrointestinal temperature (TGI) and blood plasma HSP27, -60, and -90 (by commercially available ELISA) were measured at pre- (PRE) and post-race (POST).
Results: TGI, [HSP27], and [HSP90] increased at POST (p<0.05). HSP concentrations at POST did not correlate with TGI at POST (p>0.05). In conclusion, HSPs are important for constitutive cellular function and measurably increase circulation post-exercise-heat stress. Correlation between HSPs and pre- or post-event core temperature to determine utility as predictive biomarkers require further study.
Deep embedded clustering by relevant scales and genome-wide association study in autism
Authors: Ueno Fumihiko , Takahashi Ippei , Ohseto Hisashi , Onuma Tomomi , Narita Akira , Obara Taku , Ishikuro Mami , Murakami Keiko , Noda Aoi , Matsuzaki Fumiko , Metoki Hirohito , Tamiya Gen , Kure Shigeo , Kuriyama Shinichi
Published: January 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has heterogeneous phenotypic and genetic characteristics. Results from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with ASD. The association of these genetic variants with a single disease may be explained by a polygenic model in which the effects of each genetic variant are weak, yet contribute to the disease onset. When conducting GWAS with a certain sample size where no significant signal is produced, the signal will become increasingly difficult to identify if the sample size is reduced by dividing the patients. However, if ASD includes a subtype in which a small number of genes have a relatively strong influence, a subtype described by the oligogenic model, then it may be possible to identify some signals by dividing patients into phenotypically similar clusters and exploring genetic factors. To overcome ASD heterogeneity, we previously conducted cluster analyses of phenotypic variables from the Simons Simplex Collection dataset using k-means algorithm. In the present study, using a deep embedded clustering algorithm, we conducted cluster analyses of Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) datasets and performed GWAS of the clusters. We observed no significant associations in the conventional GWAS comparing all patients to all controls. However, in the GWAS, comparing patients divided into clusters with similar phenotypes to controls (cluster-based GWAS), we identified 90 chromosomal loci that satisfied the P < 5.0 × 10−8, several of which were located within or near previously reported candidate genes for ASD. Our findings suggest that ASD is an aggregation of etiologically heterogeneous subtypes, each of which has its own genetic architecture involving a smaller number of genetic loci than previously thought in addition to that explained by polygenic model.
Pre-diagnostic anti-EBV antibodies and primary liver cancer risk: a population-based nested case-control study in southern China
Authors: Du Yun , Yu Xia , Chang Ellen T. , Lian Shifeng , Wu Biaohua , Li Fugui , Chu Bing , Wei Kuangrong , Zhan Jiyun , Liang Xuejun , Ye Weimin , Ji Mingfang
Published: January 2023

Background
We aimed to investigate associations between pre-diagnostic anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies, including interactions with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and risk of primary liver cancer in southern China.
Methods
In a nested population-based case-control study, we measured pre-diagnostic immunoglobulin A (IgA) against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) in 125 primary liver cancer cases and 2077 matched controls. We also explored the interaction between HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-EBV antibodies.
Results
Participants with positive EBNA1-IgA, positive VCA-IgA or single-positive anti-EBV antibodies had 50–60% greater risk of developing liver cancer, compared with seronegative subjects. The odds ratios (ORs) between the relative optical density of EBNA1-IgA and VCA-IgA and primary cancer, controlling for age and HBsAg, were 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 2.14) and 1.60 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.41), respectively. Subjects with both HBsAg and anti-EBV antibody seropositivity were at 50-fold increased risk compared with those negative for both biomarkers (OR: 50.67, 95% CI: 18.28, 140.46), yielding a relative excess risk due to interaction of 30.81 (95% CI: 3.42, 114.93).
Conclusion
Pre-diagnostic seropositivity for EBNA1-IgA and/or VCA-IgA was positively associated with primary liver cancer risk, especially in combination with HBsAg positivity. EBV may interact with HBV in the development of primary liver cancer, and anti-EBV antibodies might be potential biomarkers for primary liver cancer in this high-risk population.
Diagnostic utility of flow cytometry in resource-constrained settings- a single center experience
Authors: Mir Awal , Mushtaq Hina , Hameed Mehreen , Khan Sadiq Noor , Islam Mujahid , Yousafzai Yasar
Published: January 2023

Background:Flow cytometry (FC) is an expensive investigation that is unaffordable for many patients from underprivileged nations. We aimed to reduce the total budget of the test by optimizing a limited antibody panel as guided by morphological assessment.
Materials and methods:This single-center, experimentalstudy included 247 patients referred for Flow cytometry at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar.There were 162 male (65.4 %) and 85 female patients (34.6%) with a mean age of 38.78±21.55 years. Bone marrow or peripheral blood samples were used for immunophenotyping. After the morphological assessment, a limited panel of flow markers was selected. All samples were stained with fluorochromes labeled monoclonal antibodies, acquired, and analyzed with a flow cytometer (Cytoflex, Beckman-Coulter, USA). Data were statistically analyzed through SPSS-22, and descriptive statistics were applied for all variables. All results were presented in form of graphs, tables, and charts
Results:Out of 247 cases, an Acute leukemia panel was requested for 128 cases, a lymphoproliferative panel for 56 cases, T-cell subset analysis for 53 cases, and PNH clone screening for 10 cases. Newly diagnosed cases were 221 while 26 cases were known labeled cases of Acute leukemia for Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) analysis. Among the cases for MRD analysis, 10 cases were in remission, 12 cases relapsed and 04 cases were not in the remission phase.
98% of cases referred for Acute leukemia and Lymphoproliferative disorders, and 100% of cases referred for proximal nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) and T-cell subset analysis was conclusively diagnosed by our limited flow cytometry panels with low-cost effect.
Conclusions:In resource-constrained settings, optimization of a limited antibody panel is extremely facilitating to provide a Flow cytometry-based diagnosis which further guides the treatment decision.
Adherence to cervical cancer screening guidelines by family physicians in Calgary: cross-sectional analysis using demographic characteristics and lab data
Authors: Sayed Sayeeda Amber , Naugler Christopher , Chen Guanmin , James Dickinson
Published: January 2023

Background: The effectiveness of cervical cancer screening programs is well recognized; however, inappropriate screening practices result in either a woman being tested too often or not tested at the recommended intervals. The objectives of the study were to identify the characteristics of family physicians associated with over- and underscreening for eligible women aged 25-69 in Calgary, Alberta.
Methods: We performed a population-based retrospective observational study linking the Calgary Laboratory Services database from 2014-2016 to the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta database of family physicians practicing in Calgary. We matched physicians’ characteristics with their cervical screening practices. Panel size data was not directly available, so we used their laboratory test orders in 2016 as a proxy measure to estimate physician practice size. For the underscreening analysis, we excluded those physicians whose estimated practice size was lower than the number of screening tests ordered. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the overscreening and underscreening patterns.
Results: Among 807 physicians included in the overscreening analysis, 43% of physicians had over-screened their screen-eligible patients. Physician characteristics significantly associated with overscreening included more years of practice and having more female patients in the practice. Among the 317 physicians included in the underscreening analysis, 42% had under-screened during the three-year study period. Female physicians were less likely to underscreen their eligible female patients. Physicians practicing in the Northeast quadrant of the city also had higher odds of underscreening.
Conclusions: Screening patterns of family physicians indicate both overuse and underuse, which indicates inconsistency in adherence to screening guideline recommendations. Addressing disparities and identifying strategies to improve guideline adherence among different physician demographic groups is critical for the success of screening programs.
Quality of Nurses Work Life among Public and Private Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar (A Comparative Study)
Authors: Akbar Saeeda , yasmin Sobia , Ayub Ayaz , Ghani Nasreen
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Among all health care providers, nurses have a significant role to provide Physical, Psychological, Spiritual, and Emotional care to individuals, families, and communities. To make nurses more effective in the workplace it is important to enhance nurse’s quality of work life. The quality of work provided by nurses can be improved by knowing their Physiological, Psychological well-being and involvement at work. Moreover, different Environments and Setups of Public and Private Sectors Hospitals can have positive or negative impact on the quality of nurse’s work-life. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the quality of nurse’s work-life in Public and Private Sector Hospitals.
Material and Methods: The research done at Khyber Teaching Hospital and Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar with a cross-sectional study design. From 218 Participants Pretested and Structured Brooks Nurses’ Quality of Work-life questionnaire Brooks was filled. Data entered in SPSS for categorical variables frequency and percentages were done while for continuous variables mean and standard deviation was done.
Results: A total of 218 nurses from Rehman Medical Institute and Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar Participated in the Research with a Mean Age of 28.47 and a Standard Deviation of 6.41. Chi Square test was used for association of Quality of Nurses Work Life (QNWL) and Two types of Hospitals. A major portion of the Sample i.e., 80.3% have Moderate Quality of Nurses Work Life, 18.8% have High Quality of Nurses Work Life, while less than 1% of the sample has low Quality of Nurses Work Life. The Mean Quality of Nurses Work Life Score for Public Hospital was 160±15.15 while for the Private Hospital the Mean Quality of Work Life Score was 172.07±20.57 which shows that Private Hospital Nurses had a High Quality of Work Life than Public Sector Nurses. The Overall Mean QNWL Score both for Public and Private Hospital Nurses was 165.23±18.37 with a Minimum Score of 67 and a Maximum Score of 217.
Conclusion: The Research concluded Moderate QNWL among Public and Private Sector Nurses. Furthermore, despite inadequate salaries and poor job security Private-Sector Nurses were shown to have a higher QNWL than Public Sector Nurses.
Assessing the Impact of Storm Surges in Coastal Regions by Integrating Hydrodynamic and Wave Model With GIS
Authors: Mathew Alex , C.A. Lekshmy Devi
Published: January 2023

Coastal cities are growing at a very rapid pace, in terms of both population and physical assets, and great uncertainty surrounds the future evolution of flood due to storm surge and sea-level rise. Storms are a major cause of loss of human life and property in many coastal cities around the world. It is therefore essential to accurately predict the impact of storm surges to assess an area’s flood risk and plan to minimize it. Historical records of storms are too short and too sparse to support reliable statistical predictions of storm surge levels; thus, numerical analysis is used for simulating and predicting flooding in coastal areas. In recent years, improvements in the understanding of the physics of storm surge processes have led to the development of computationally intense hydrodynamic models capable of estimating storm surge elevations. In this study, an attempt is made to assess the impact of storm surges in the coastal region by integrating numerical hydrodynamic and wave model with GIS. The study concentrated on the coastal panchayats of Alappuzha district namely, Arattupuzha, Thrikkunnapuzha, Purakkadu and Ambalapuzha south. A numerical model using MIKE21 was developed for the study area to simulate storm surges by integrating hydrodynamic and wave model. The coupled model is calibrated by optimizing the parameters and validated based on observed data. The performance of the model is assessed using RMSE, RRMSE and MRE where the developed model and the model results were found to be in good agreement with the observed data. The developed model was then used to simulate storm surge and wave condition for five different storm scenarios. From the results of the simulations, it is found that the surge heights are dependent of high wind speed and astronomical tide elevation during the period of occurrence. The high intensity rainfall has also an effect on the water level rise during the storm surges. The coastal inundation extent under different storm scenarios were also mapped using the results from the storm surge simulations and the severity of coastal inundation during storm surges were also assessed.
Constraining Chemical Disequilibrium Biosignatures for Proterozoic Earth-like Exoplanets Using Reflectance Spectra
Authors: Young Amber , Robinson Tyler , Krissansen-Totton Joshua , Schwieterman Edward W. , Wogan Nicholas , Way Michael , Sohl Linda , Arney Giada , Reinhard Christopher , Line Michael , Catling David , Windsor James
Published: January 2023

Chemical disequilibrium quantified via available free energy has previously been proposed as a potential planetary biosignature. However, little work has been done that links anticipated observational uncertainties to our ability to infer the available Gibbs free energy from remote observations. Planetary properties indicative of the atmospheric state (and pertinent
to constraining the available Gibbs free energy) can be inferred via spectroscopic analyses and thus the available Gibbs free energy could be a potentially useful biosignature for exoplanets. Simulated reflected light atmospheric retrievals (Robinson and Salvador, 2022) were coupled with thermodynamics modeling (Krissansen-Totton et al., 2016; Krissansen-Totton
et al., 2018) to assess the predicted chemical disequilibrium signatures of Earth-like exoplanets. The Proterozoic Earth is a long period (2 Gyr) in Earth’s history where the atmospheric
abundance of the biogenic oxygen (O2) - methane (CH4) disequilibrium pair may have been relatively high (Krissansen-Totton et al., 2018). Retrieval models applied across a range of “High”, “Medium”, and “Low” biosignature gas abundance scenarios for methane and oxygen show that spectral observations spanning the ultraviolet through near-infrared wavelengths at characteristic visual band signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20 – 30 provide either very weak or upper limit constraints on the available Gibbs free energy for all abundance scenarios while spectra at SNR of 50 or larger could provide order-of-magnitude constraints on the disequilibrium biosignatures for the high abundance scenario. Constraints on the atmospheric available Gibbs free energy are heavily driven by the posterior distributions inferred for O2 and CH4 from the simulated spectral observations. Furthermore, the disequilibrium energy constraints are improved by modest atmospheric temperature constraints encoded in molecular opacities at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. These results have important implications for continuing to develop biosignature search strategies in preparation for future direct imaging exoplanet characterization missions.
Forming Mercury by a grazing giant collision involving similar mass bodies
Authors: de Oliveira Patrick , Roig Fernando , Winter Othon , Sfair Rafael , Burger Christoph , Schäfer Christoph
Published: January 2023

The planet Mercury is predominantly made up of an iron core, covered by a comparatively thin silicate layer, which has led to the idea that this configuration is the product of mantle stripping by a giant impact. In the literature, a classical hit-and-run impact has been explored in which a roughly Mars-mass proto-Mercury collides with an Earth-mass target, losing large parts of its mantle. However, such hit-and-run collisions between proto-planets of very different masses are rare in N-body simulations of terrestrial planet formation. On the other hand, hit-and-run collisions involving similar mass bodies appear to be more frequent. Our aim here is to investigate the conditions under which collisions of similar mass bodies are able to form a Mercury-like planet, fulfilling the necessary constraints in terms of mass and composition (silicate-to-iron mass ratio). We perform a series of smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) collision simulations. Our results show that it is possible to obtain Mercury-analogues from hit-and-run collisions involving a proto-Mercury roughly twice the mass of Mercury and targets of comparable mass (between 1 and 4 times higher), as long as the impact parameters (impact angle and velocity) are properly adjusted according to a set of well established scaling laws, while remaining compatible with the values typically observed in N-body simulations.
Trend analysis on Community-based Health Information Communication, Multi-Sectoral Approach and its Correlation with Children Nutritional Status in the Wonago District, Gede'o Zone, SNNPR of Ethiopia
Authors: Genalle Tesfaye Gedecho
Published: January 2023

Ethiopia has one of the highest prevalence of malnutrition among children and adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Poor nutrition and health will, in the long run, result in a poorly educated and unhealthy population. A researcher believed that public health has been influenced by multiple factors within societal life. Nutrition should be prioritized on the national development agenda as a fundamental component of long-term development efforts. To better understand the factors of malnutrition in children under the age of five, a cross-sectional study using a mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches was conducted in Gede'o Zone, SNNR Ethiopia. The collected data was entered into the statistical software SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. The analysis was conducted on three levels: first, the descriptive features of the data analysis; second, the association of the variables found in the leaner regression and bivariate correlation analysis; and third, qualitative inference. Findings from this study revealed that institutional mal-integration towards nutritional effort as limited involvement of other than health sector is concerned. Caregivers' child feeding practices are also heavily influenced by the socioeconomic features of the family. To address the nutritional problem of children under the age of five in Gede’o Zone of southern Ethiopia and also at national level, an integrated holistic approach involving several sectors and sub-sectors with clearly defined mainstreaming duties has been advocated.
Descriptive statistical analysis of noticed green areas benefits for human health
Authors: Loureiro Anna Isabel Silva , Melo Carrie Peres , Bressane Adriano
Published: January 2023

Statement of problem. In the context of urban land-use growth and the consequent impacts on the environment, green spaces provide ecosystem services for human health.
Purpose. This study aims to determine what are the benefits of urban green areas on health most perceived by the population.
Materials and methods The following methods are used in the descriptive statistical analysis as frequency tables and boxplot with the main goal to visualize the distribution patterns and identify suitable ranges of important variables.
Results and Conclusions. People’s perception about green areas being beneficial for mental health and physical health are bigger than the importance they give about social health and green areas.
A Framework for Human Resource Management System Using Multi-Facet Security
Authors: Akule Simon Terlumun , Aimufua Gilbert I.O. , Muhammad Umar Abdullahi
Published: January 2023

Handling personnel records using clock-in and clock-out, which are achieved either manually or by other devices, has several issues. This is evident in procedures such as leave of absence management, when an employee is needed to fill out a document that may take many weeks or months to be authorized. Many scholars have developed a human resource management system to handle this issue. However, the existing technologies can handle some of the major concerns, such as obtaining personnel records, by establishing a central database to manage these records electronically. However, because the system is largely available on centralized servers, it is easily hacked and controlled. This paper focuses on the design of a framework for human resource management (HRM) systems using multi-facet security systems. Data flow and use case diagrams were created to demonstrate the system's capabilities. The framework provides access after biometric, user name, and facial recognition verification are successful. Implementing this framework will significantly reduce fraudulent activities and sharp practices within an organization.
The effect of chip formation on the cutting force and tool wear in high-speed milling Inconel 718
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Zhang Jingjie , Fan Guanghui , Xu Chonghai , Du Jin
Published: January 2023

Coated carbide tools are widely used in the processing of nickel-based superalloys due to their excellent wear resistance, high strength and good hardness at high temperatures. In this paper, the high-speed milling experiments and Finite Element Simulation of Inconel 718 are carried out by using PVD TiAlN coated carbide tools. Simulations of tool temperature, cutting force, and chip morphology were performed to analyze the effect of cutting speed on the degree of sawtooth chip formation and the effect of sawtooth chip formation on the cutting force and tool wear. The results show that the cutting temperature mainly focuses on the rake face, and with the cutting speed increasing from 60m/min to 120m/min, the maximum temperature of the rake face increases from 580℃ to 660℃. The maximum temperature region (MTR) on the rake face gradually approaches the tool nose with the decrease of the cutting speed. The generation of sawtooth chips leads to fluctuations in the cutting force component. As the cutting speed increases, the degree of chip sawing increases. The effect of the sawtooth chip on the fluctuation of the cutting force will also increase, thus increasing the degree of tool wear.
The critical role of neutrophil extracellular traps in pathological mineralization
Authors: Niu Li-na
Published: January 2023

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are initially perceived as bioactive webs for trapping pathogens to limit the spread of infection. Neutrophils suicidally release NETs upon stimulation by pathogens and other non-infectious factors such as micro-crystals. Here, the authors demonstrate, using in vitro and in vivo calculus mineralisation models, that NETs function as nucleation sites for mineralisation of calculus. The NETs are usually cleared by nucleases derived from the host’s body fluids or immune system. However, bacteria in the calculus microenvironment are capable of transforming NETs from the more common nuclease-susceptible B-form into the nuclease-resistant Z-form. The crosstalk between infection and the host immune system results in the development of calculus. These findings indicate that calculus formation may be controlled by regulating the NET-DNA configuration. The use of chloroquine for converting NET-Z-DNA into NET-B-DNA represents a new therapeutic solution for reducing the prevalence and recurrence of calculus in populations who are susceptible to the development of these ectopic mineralisation entities.
Sub-Macroscopic Inclusion Classification in Bearing Steels Based on LFCN and Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Zhang Ningqing , Wang Yizhen , Chen Xiong
Published: January 2023

With the improvement of science and technology, the demand for advanced steel with excellent performance has gradually increased. Therefore, the evaluation of steel internal cleanness is an important indicator for the evaluation of material quality. Sub-macroscopic inclusions, which size from 50um to 400um and cannot be detected under the domestic and international bearing steel testing standard, are bound to affect the quality, stability and service life of bearing steel seriously. Hence, the researches of inclusion control technology has gradually attracted attention in the academia and industrial manufacture field. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end LFCN classification model based on LSTM unit and 1DFCN, and verify the effectiveness on the large-scale sub-macroscopic inclusion signal data set collected by ultrasonic experiments. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one in this field that has acquire such large amount of experimental sub-macroscopic signal data and solve the classification task by FCN. Especially, our framework can accurately detect the features of sub-macroscopic inclusions, which meets the urgent need of the metallurgical industry. The accuracy rate of proposed model is 88.97%, which is state-of-the-art experimental result among other strong time series classifiers.
Transcriptomic and physiological analysis of Spirodela polyrrhiza responses to sodium nitroprusside
Authors: Zhang Yamei , Jia Rong , Hui Tanyue , Hu Yue , Wang Wenjing , Wang Yi , Wang Yong , Zhu Yerong , Yang Lin , Xiang Beibei
Published: January 2023

Background: Spirodela polyrrhiza, a simple aquatic floating plant with great potential in synthetic biology. It has been noted that nitric oxide (NO) stimulates plant development and raises the biomass and flavonoid content in some plants. However, the molecular explanation on the mechanism of NO action is still unclear.
Results: S. polyrrhiza was treated with various concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as an NO donor. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis were performed in our study. The results showed that under low concentration SNP conditions, S. polyrrhiza alleviated malondialdehyde accumulation, increased levels of fresh weight, dry weight, starch, soluble protein, and flavonoids, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity. 2776 genes were found to have differential expression in the S. polyrrhiza treated with 0.025 mM SNP and control groups by RNA-Seq. Of these DEGs, in comparison to the controls, 1425 genes were up-regulated and 1351 genes were down-regulated. The findings of the qRT-PCR study revealed that the expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, NO biosynthesis, as well as transcription factor (TF) was increased, while the expression of photosynthesis related-genes was decreased. Under SNP treatment, S. Polyrrhiza redirects metabolic flux of fixed CO2 into starch synthesis branch and flavonoid biosynthesis branches.
Conclusions: The results provide new insights into the mechanisms causing the accumulation of starch and flavonoids by SNP treatment, meanwhile, The SNP-regulated genes would make excellent candidates for synthetic biology to increase the flavonoid content in S. Polyrrhiza.
Resting-State fMRI reveals Longitudinal Alterations in Brain Network Connectivity in the zQ175DN mouse Model of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Vasilkovska Tamara , Adhikari Mohit H , Audekerke Johan Van , Pustina Dorian , Cachope Roger , Tang Haiying , Liu Longbin , Munoz-Sanjuan Ignacio , Linden Annemie Van der , Verhoye Marleen
Published: January 2023

Background: Huntington's diseaseis an autosomal, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of the CAG repeats in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene. Neuronal degeneration and dysfunction that precedes regional atrophy result in the impairment of striatal and cortical circuits that affect the brain’s large-scale network functionality. However, the evolution of these disease-driven, large-scale connectivity alterations is still poorly understood.
Here we used resting-state (rs) fMRI to investigate functional connectivity changes in a mouse model of Huntington's diseasein several relevant brain networks and how they are affected at different ages that follow a disease-like phenotypic progression.
Methods:We acquired longitudinal rsfMRI in the heterozygous (HET) form of the zQ175DN Huntington's disease mouse model that recapitulates aspects of human disease pathology. Seed- and Region-based analyses were performed at different ages, on 3-, 6-, 10-, and 12-month-old HET and age-matched wild-type mice.
Results: Our results demonstrate decreased connectivity starting at 6 months of age, most prominently in regions such as the retrosplenial and cingulate cortices, pertaining to the default mode-like network and auditory and visual cortices, part of the associative cortical network. At 12 months, we observe a shift towards decreased connectivity in regions such as the somatosensory cortices, pertaining to the lateral cortical network, and the caudate putamen, a constituent of the subcortical network. Moreover, we assessed the impact of distinct Huntington’s Disease-like pathology of the zQ175DN HET mice on age-dependent connectivitybetween different brain regions and networks where we demonstrate that connectivity strength follows a nonlinear, inverted U-shape pattern, a well-known phenomenon of development and normal aging. Conversely, the neuropathologically driven alteration of connectivity, especially in the default mode and associative cortical networks, showed diminished age-dependent evolution of functional connectivity.
Conclusion: These findings reveal that in this Huntington's disease model, altered connectivity starts with cortical network aberrations which precede striatal connectivity changes, which appear only at a later age. Taken together, these results suggest that the age-dependent cortical network dysfunction seen in rodents could represent a relevant pathological process in Huntington's diseaseprogression.
A Cross Section Study for the Predictors Associated With Birth Weight
Authors: Nkeeto Bill , Yawe Bruno L. , Matovu Fred
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Birth weight has three possible outcomes that include normal birth weight (NBW) (2500 – 3999grams), low birth weight (less than 2500 grams), and macrosomia (at least 4000 grams and beyond). Low birth weight (LBW) and macrosomia are considered adverse outcomes of newborn health. The prevalence of LBW globally ranges from 7 – 17 %, whereas, that of macrosomia ranges from 4 – 16%. However, the information established in Uganda during the five years preceding the 2016 Uganda Demographic Health Survey (UDHS), only 67% of mothers had their weights taken at birth, indicating a 33% shortfall.
Methods
A cross-sectional research design was used on the basis of the dataset of the most recent UDHS of 2016. A sample of 4687 singleton births for which full information of birth weight was attained was used. The multinomial logistic regression model was fitted at both bivariate and multivariate levels with consideration for LBW, NBW, and macrosomia for which NBW was used as the base category. STATA 16 was used for data analysis.
Results
The results showed that premature birth delivery increases the risk of LBW (RRR 3.5, CI (2.029,5.886)); facility delivery reduces LBW (RRR0.58, CI (0.401, 0.850)). Adequate ANC attendance reduces the risk of LBW (RRR0.38, CI (0.182, 0.794)) and also reduces the risk of macrosomia (RRR0.6, CI (0.340, 1.052)). A male fetus increases the risk of macrosomia comparison category (RRR1.3, CI (1.223, 1.498)), primary education attainment reduces the relative risk of macrosomia (RRR0.8, CI (0.664,0.963)), secondary education increases the relative risk of macrosomia (RRR1.29, CI (1.022,1.634).
Conclusion
We recommend ANC attendance and facility delivery, given their positive effect on normal birth weight. ANC will guide the feeding habits of expectant mothers as well as ensure nutritional interventions, maternal and fetal assessment for detection of danger and establish the risky gender, implement any preventive measures, intervene in case of common physiological symptoms, and recommend the health system interventions to improve utilization of the available facilities.
Convergence in the Design of Final Palaeolitihc, Mesolithic and Ethnographic Projectile Points.
Authors: Serwatka Kamil
Published: January 2023

In traditional hunting and gathering societies it is a common practice to fashion projectiles for different purposes. The spectrum of the available morphologies for projectiles and their tips is dictated by several kinds of constraints such as aerodynamic and mechanical properties, different hunting strategies, the available game or range of the shot. This article focuses on particular aspect of duality in primitive projectile technology interpreted with a fitness lanscape model. Using geometric morphometric analysis, the author argues that the duality in projectile morphology and performance characteristics observed in the studied projectile weapon systems is the result of technological and physical constraints placed upon primitive projectile technology. For a more comprehensive explanation of this phenomenon an optimality model explaining the devolopment of flexible projectile weapon systems is proposed.
Sixth-week immune-nutritional-inflammatory biomarkers: Can they predict clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors?
Authors: Olgun Polat , Diker Ömer
Published: January 2023

Background
We explored the relationship between inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI), and the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) to determine whether they could predict treatment response to pembrolizumab or nivolumab (immunotherapy). The data of 83 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immunotherapy as first/second-line treatment were retrospectively analyzed. We conducted a retrospective analysis to investigate the usefulness of NLR, PLR, LIPI, and the mGPS at baseline and 6 weeks after the start of treatment (post-treatment).
Methods
We included all patients with lung cancer who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) from March 2017 to November 2021 at Burhan Nalbantoğlu Government Hospital and Near East University Hospital (North Cyprus). We examined NLR, PLR LIPI, and mGPS trends and explored the association with progression-free survival (PFS) overall survival (OS), and response rates (RR) at 6 weeks.The relationship was evaluated by Cox regression analysis.
Results
Eighty-three patients were enrolled in the study. The presence of liver metastasis, low post-treatment NLR (< 5), low post-treatment PLR (< 170), intermediate post-treatment LIPI, and immune-related adverse events were significantly associated with response. Patients with a high post-treatment NLR (≥ 5) had significantly shorter PFS (HR: 1.1, p < 0.001), shorter OS (HR: 1.2, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high post-treatment NLR was an independent prognostic factor of shorter OS. Patients with a high post-treatment PLR (≥ 170) had significantly shorterPFS (HR: 1.0, p < 0.001) and OS (HR: 0.9, p < 0.001). A high post-treatment PLR remained an independent prognostic factor for OS in multivariate analysis (HR: 0.9, p < 0.001). A good LIPI status was associated with better PFS (p < 0.020)and OS (p < 0.065)in ICI therapy compared with intermediate or poor LIPI status. Post-treatment GPS independently predicted anti-PD1 treatment efficacy; a good post-treatment GPS (GPS 0–2) was significantly associated with improved PFS (p < 0.009) and OS (p < 0.064)
Conclusion
Posttreatment NLR, PLR, LIPI, and mGPS are associated with worse OS and recurrence. These findings should be validated independently and prospectively in further studies.
Unraveling the rate-determine step of C2+ products during electrochemical CO reduction
Authors: Deng Wanyu , Qiao Yu , Kastlunger Georg , Govindarajan Nitish , Xu Aoni , Zhang Peng , Chorkendorff Ib , Seger Brian , Gong Jinlong
Published: January 2023

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 has drawn a large amount of attention due to its potential to produce sustainable fuels and chemicals by using renewable energy. However, the reaction’s mechanism is not yet well understood. A major debate is whether the rate-determine step (RDS) for the generation of multi-carbon (C2+) products is C-C coupling or CO hydrogenation. This work describes an experimental analysis of the RDS by investigating pH dependency, the kinetic isotope effect and the effect of CO partial pressure in relation to the activity of C2+ products. The experimental data shows the activity of C2+ products to be invariant with either pH or deuteration of the electrolyte, and a CO reaction order of 0 at CO pressure of 1 bar. These results elucidate the RDS of C2+ products to be the dimerization of two adsorbed *CO over polycrystalline Cu. This study provides comprehensive kinetic experimental data and a theoretical basis for subsequent enhancement of the production of C2+ products.