bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Primary Prevention of Atopy: Does Early Exposure to Cats and Dogs Prevent the Development of Allergy and Asthma in Children? A Comprehensive Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Indolfi Cristiana , D’Addio Elisabetta , Bencivenga Chiara Lucia , Rivetti Giulio , Bettini Irene , Licari Amelia , Manti Sara , Mori Francesca , Miraglia del Giudice Michele , Klain Angela
Published: September 2023

The current literature shows mixed results relating to the significance of environmental exposure, such as owning a pet, and the development of atopy in children. Our review aimed to collect the most recent evidence on the association between early-life cat and dog ownership and the development of allergy and asthma. A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed and Scopus. The search included the main keywords of our PICO: (((early exposure) AND (children) AND (allergy)) OR (asthma)) AND (dog) OR (cat). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case–control studies, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews of children within the last five years (2018–2023) were searched and included. During the search process, 52 articles from PubMed and 43 from Scopus were found. A total of 17 articles were deemed to be suitable and included. Fairly consistent results regarding early exposure to pets, in particular dogs, and the prevention of food allergies have been described. Furthermore, there seems to be a protective effect against allergy and asthma in relation to the number of pets owned. The likelihood of a child developing allergy and asthma seems to be influenced by various factors, including the child’s genetic background and early exposure to different environmental factors, including allergens that may interact with the gut microbiota and immune system.
Inflammatory Markers Used as Predictors of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Authors: Mureșan Adrian Vasile , Tomac Alexandru , Opriș Diana Roxana , Bandici Bogdan Corneliu , Coșarcă Cătălin Mircea , Covalcic Diana Carina , Hălmaciu Ioana , Akácsos-Szász Orsolya-Zsuzsa , Rădulescu Flavia , Lázár Krisztina , Stoian Adina , Tilinca Mariana Cornelia
Published: September 2023

Background: peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is identified late in diabetic patients because, in the majority of cases, it is associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, resulting in little or no symptoms, or symptoms that are completely neglected. Methods: In this study were enrolled all patients over 18 years of age, with diabetes mellitus type II for more than a year with poor glycemic control, diagnosed with diabetic polyneuropathy admitted to the Diabetology Department, Emergency County Hospital of Targu Mures, Romania between January 2020 and March 2023. We divided the patients into two groups, based on the presence or absence of subclinical atherosclerosis in the lower limb, named “SA” and “non-SA”. Results: Patients in the SA group were older (p = 0.01) and had a higher incidence of IHD (p = 0.03), history of MI (p = 0.02), and diabetic nephropathy (p = 0.01). Moreover, patients with subclinical atherosclerosis had a higher BMI (p < 0.0001) and a longer duration of diabetes (p < 0.0001). Among all patients, the systemic inflammatory markers, MLR (r = 0.331, p < 0.001), NLR (r = 0.517, p < 0.001), PLR (r = 0.296, p < 0.001), SII (r = 0.413, p < 0.001), as well as BMI (r = 0.241, p < 0.001) and HbA1C (r = 0.489, p < 0.001), demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the diabetes duration. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older patients (OR: 2.58, p < 0.001), the male gender (OR: 2.30, p = 0.006), a higher baseline levels of BMI (OR: 7.71, p < 0.001), and the duration of diabetes (OR: 8.65, p < 0.001) are predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis in DN patients. Additionally, the high baseline levels of all systemic inflammatory markers (for all: p < 0.001) and poor diabetes management (OR: 10.4, p < 0.001 for HbA1C; OR: 10.78, p < 0.001 for admission glucose) are independent predictors of SA. Conclusions: the inflammatory markers, NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII, being cheap and easy to collect in routine medical practice from the standard blood tests, could be an important step in predicting vascular outcomes in diabetic patients and the disease’s progression, playing a key role in follow-up visits in type-2 diabetic patients and PAD patients.
Correlation between Psychosomatic Assessment, Heart Rate Variability, and Refractory GERD: A Prospective Study in Patients with Acid Reflux Esophagitis
Authors: Wang Hsin-Ming , Huang Pao-Yuan , Yang Shih-Cheng , Wu Ming-Kung , Tai Wei-Chen , Chen Chih-Hung , Yao Chih-Chien , Lu Lung-Sheng , Chuah Seng-Kee , Lee Yu-Chi , Liang Chih-Ming
Published: September 2023

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects a significant proportion of individuals, with life stress being a contributing factor. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between psychosomatic evaluations, heart rate variability (HRV), and GERD in a cohort of individuals. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze the sequencing changes following proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment and identify predictive factors associated with refractory GERD. Methods: A prospective cohort of 105 individuals with reflux esophagitis and a control group of 50 participants without acid reflux symptoms were enrolled. Psychosomatic evaluations, including GERDQ, GERDQLQ, RSI, BAI, BDI, and SSS-8, were assessed at baseline and during treatment. HRV parameters were also evaluated. Multivariate analysis was used to identify predictive factors for refractory GERD. PPIs were administered regularly for the initial 2 months and then used on-demand. Refractory GERD was defined as less than 50% improvement in symptom relief or GERDQLQ score ≥ 20 after 8 weeks of PPI treatment. Results: The GERD group had higher scores in all psychosomatic evaluations compared to the control group (all p-values < 0.001). There were no significant changes in any parameters of HRV before and after treatment in the GERD group. Strong and consistent correlations were observed between GERD symptoms and psychological scores (BAI, BDI, and SSS-8) across all time points (W0, W4, and W8). Sequential reductions in GERD symptom scores and psychosomatic evaluations were observed during the initial eight weeks of treatment. Higher GERDQ (≥10) and SSS-8 (≥12) scores were predictive of refractory GERD (p = 0.004 and p = 0.009, respectively). Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of considering physiological and psychological factors in the management of GERD. Psychosomatic evaluations provide valuable insights for assessing and treating GERD patients. Integrating stress management and comprehensive assessments into personalized treatment strategies is crucial.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Bitter Orange Industrial Waste and Identification of the Main Compounds
Authors: García-Martín Juan F. , Feng Chao-Hui , Domínguez-Fernández Nelson-Manuel , Álvarez-Mateos Paloma
Published: September 2023

In this work, the extraction of phenolic compounds from orange waste (OW) obtained after the industrial extraction of neohesperidin from bitter oranges (Seville oranges) was assayed by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and Soxhlet extraction (SE). The extraction agents were ethanol and acetone. For SE, aqueous solutions of both extraction agents were used at 50%, 75%, and 100% (v/v). For MAE, a design of experiments was applied to determine the conditions that maximize the extraction yield. The independent variables were temperature (from 20 to 75 °C), process time (between 10 and 20 min), and percentage of extraction agent (v/v) in the extraction solution (50%, 75%, and 100%). Following that, the extracts were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography to identify the main phenolic compounds extracted. Results showed that 50% (v/v) ethanol or acetone was the extraction agent concentration that maximized the extraction yield for both SE and MAE, with the yields of MAE being higher than those of SE. Thus, the highest extraction yields on a dry basis achieved for MAE were 16.7 g/100 OW for 50% acetone, 75 °C, and 15 min, and 20.2 g/100 OW for 50% ethanol, 75 °C, and 10.8 min, respectively. Finally, the main phenolic compounds found in the orange waste were naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and naringenin (i.e., flavonoids).
Predictive Ability of Perfusion Index for Determining the Success of Adductor Canal Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Yun Hye Joo , Kim Joong Baek , Chung Hyun Sik
Published: September 2023

Background: The perfusion index (PI) is an objective method used to determine a successful nerve block. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic ability of the PI for a successful adductor canal nerve block (ACB) and suggest the optimal PI cut-off value for predicting a block. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study and enrolled a total of 39 patients. The patients were dichotomized into successful and inappropriate ACB groups according to the results of the sensation tests. The PI value, Pleth variability index (PVi) value, and heart rate were recorded one minute before the block, at the time of the block, and one to 30 min after the block at one-minute intervals. Delta (dPI), which was defined as the difference in PI value from the baseline (the value one minute before the block), was the primary outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated to determine the dPI prognostic accuracy and optimal cut-off value. Results: Successful ACB was achieved in 33 patients, while ACB was inappropriate in six patients. The dPI showed significant differences between the two groups under the time interval measured (p = 0.001). The dPI at 5 and 20 min showed good prognostic ability for a successful block, with optimal cut-off values of 0.33 (AUROC: 0.725, 95% CI 0.499–0.951) and 0.64 (AUROC: 0.813, 95% CI 0.599–1.000), respectively. Conclusions: The dPI is an effective predictor of successful ACB. The suggested dPI cut-off values at 5 and 20 min were below 0.33 and 0.64, respectively.
The Surface Assessment and the Properties of Selected Multilayer Coatings
Authors: Warcholinski Bogdan , Gilewicz Adam , Tarnowska Maria
Published: September 2023

The paper presents an evaluation of the surface quality and properties of multilayer coatings, obtained using cathodic arc evaporation, of the same structure, in which the top layer is a CrN chromium nitride layer. The second components of a double-layer module with a thickness of 400 nm and a thickness of each layer about 200 nm are two component TiN, Mo2N systems and three component TiAlN and CrCN systems. In studies using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy, the surface density of the macroparticles of the coating and their dimensions were estimated. The largest amount of macroparticles was recorded on the surface of the TiAlN/CrN coatings and the lowest on CrCN/CrN and Mo2N/CrN coatings. Their adhesion to steel substrates using a scratch test and Rockwell test and wear were also investigated. The results indicated that the melting point of the cathode material directly affected the number and size of the macroparticles on the surface of the growing coating. The number of macroparticles increased with the lowering of the melting point of the cathode material. All the coatings showed good adhesion with the critical load Lc2, greater than 60 N with a hardness above 20 GPa. The Mo2N/CrN coating, despite its relatively low critical load compared to the other tested coatings, had the best wear-resistant properties, which was probably due to the Mo2N → MoO3 transformation.
N-(2,3-Difluorophenyl)-2-fluorobenzamide
Authors: Hehir Niall , Gallagher John F.
Published: September 2023

The title compound N-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-2-fluorobenzamide or (Fo23) was obtained at high yield (88%) from the condensation reaction of 2-fluorobenzoyl chloride with 2,3-difluoroaniline using standard synthetic procedures. The crystal structure of Fo23 was determined at 294 (1) K using single crystal X-ray diffraction methods and represents the first regular tri-fluorinated benzamide with formula C13H8F3NO compared to the difluorinated and tetra-fluorinated analogues. In the structure, both aromatic rings are effectively co-planar, with an interplanar angle of 0.5(2)°; however, the central amide group plane is oriented by 23.17(18)° and 23.44(17)° from the aromatic rings as influenced by 1D amide⋯amide hydrogen bonds along the a-axis direction. Longer C-H⋯F/O interactions and the arrangement of a R22(12) synthon involving two C-F, a N-H and two C-H, together with C-F⋯C ring⋯ring stacking contacts, complete the interactions in the Fo23 crystal structure.
Two-Step Magnetic Ordering in Intercalated Niobium Dichalcogenide MnXNbS2
Authors: Mushenok Fedor , Shevchun Artem , Shovkun Dmitriy , Prokudina Maria
Published: September 2023

Transition metal dichalcogenides are studied due to the possibility of creating nanoscale semiconductor devices, as well as fundamental issues of magnetic ordering. We researched the crystal structure and magnetic properties of niobium dichalcogenide Mn0.30NbS2. The results of the X-ray study showed the possible existence of an intermediate 23a0·23a0 structure between the “basic” superstructures. Also, two local maximums were found in the temperature dependence of the dynamic magnetic susceptibility. These features can indirectly confirm the presence of a transition superstructure and reflect the two-step nature of the magnetic ordering.
Application of SVM and Chi-Square Feature Selection for Sentiment Analysis of Indonesia’s National Health Insurance Mobile Application
Authors: Hokijuliandy Ewen , Napitupulu Herlina , Firdaniza
Published: September 2023

(1) Background: sentiment analysis is a computational technique employed to discern individuals opinions, attitudes, emotions, and intentions concerning a subject by analyzing reviews. Machine learning-based sentiment analysis methods, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification, have proven effective in opinion classification. Feature selection methods have been employed to enhance model performance and efficiency, with the Chi-Square method being a commonly used technique; (2) Methods: this study analyzes user reviews of Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (Mobile JKN) application, evaluating model performance and identifying optimal hyperparameters using the F1-Score metric. Sentiment analysis is conducted using a combined approach of SVM classification and Chi-Square feature selection; (3) Results: the sentiment analysis of user reviews for the Mobile JKN application reveals a predominant tendency towards positive reviews. The best model performance is achieved with an F1-Score of 96.82%, employing hyperparameters where C is set to 10 and a “linear” kernel; (4) Conclusions: this study highlights the effectiveness of SVM classification and the significance of Chi-Square feature selection in sentiment analysis. The findings offer valuable insights into users’ sentiments regarding the Mobile JKN application, contributing to the improvement of user experience and advancing the field of sentiment analysis.
Dynamics of Persistent Epidemic and Optimal Control of Vaccination
Authors: Saade Masoud , Aniţa Sebastian , Volpert Vitaly
Published: September 2023

This paper is devoted to a model of epidemic progression, taking into account vaccination and immunity waning. The model consists of a system of delay differential equations with time delays determined by the disease duration and immunity loss. Periodic epidemic outbreaks emerge as a result of the instability of a positive stationary solution if the basic reproduction number exceeds some critical value. Vaccination can change epidemic dynamics, resulting in more complex aperiodic oscillations confirmed by some data on Influenza A in Norway. Furthermore, the measures of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic weakened seasonal influenza in 2021, but increased it during the next year. Optimal control allows for the minimization of epidemic cost by vaccination.
Seismological Problem, Seismic Waves and the Seismic Mainshock
Authors: Apostol Bogdan Felix
Published: September 2023

The elastic wave equation with seismic tensorial force is solved in a homogeneous and isotropic medium (the Earth). Spherical-shell waves are obtained, which are associated to the primary P and S seismic waves. It is shown that these waves produce secondary waves with sources on the plane surface of a half-space, which have the form of abrupt walls with a long tail, propagating in the interior and on the surface of the half-space. These secondary waves are associated to the seismic mainshock. The results, previously reported, are re-derived using Fourier transformations and specific regularization procedures. The relevance of this seismic motion for the ground motion, the seismographs’ recordings and the effect of the inhomogeneities in the medium are discussed.
A Network-Level Stochastic Model for Pacemaker GABAergic Neurons in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata
Authors: Guimarães Karine , Duarte Aline
Published: September 2023

In this paper we present computational simulations of a mathematical model describing the time evolution of membrane potentials in a GABAergic neural network. This model, with stochastic and evolutionary characteristics, is an application of the version introduced previously where the authors present the continuous time version of a new class of stochastic models for biological neural networks. The goal is to computationally simulate the model (with the interaction conditions of a GABAergic network) and make biological inferences. More specifically, the computational simulations of the model that describe spiking neurons with electrophysiological characteristics of a brain region called substantia nigra pars reticulata, emphasize changes in desynchronized firing activity and how changes in individual activity propagate through the network.
A Study on Cognitive Error Validation for LED In-Ground Traffic Lights Using a Digital Twin and Virtual Environment
Authors: Kang Bong Gu , Kim Byeong Soo
Published: September 2023

Traffic accident prevention is considered one of the most crucial public safety issues due to the ongoing rise in traffic accidents. The installation of LED in-ground traffic lights is one strategy that has proven to be quite effective in preventing numerous traffic accidents, notably pedestrian accidents. The traffic signal helps reduce accidents for pedestrians, but there is a drawback in that such installations may lead to cognitive errors, such as the driver making a mistaken start or stop. Therefore, it is crucial to validate cognitive errors in advance of the widespread adoption of LED in-ground traffic signals. To this end, in this study, we (i) built an experimental environment that can be employed for various traffic tests using digital twins and virtual simulators; (ii) designed test scenarios and measurement plans for validation to conduct a validation test, and (iii) demonstrated cognitive errors through data from various experiments. As a result, it was proven that there is a possibility that the LED in-ground traffic lights may cause cognitive errors for drivers, and the causes of this were analyzed. In the future, this framework can be used to demonstrate various transportation problems and can contribute to improving the quality of public safety.
Deep Learning-Based Classification of Abrasion and Ischemic Diabetic Foot Sores Using Camera-Captured Images
Authors: Khalil Mudassir , Naeem Ahmad , Naqvi Rizwan Ali , Zahra Kiran , Moqurrab Syed Atif , Lee Seung-Won
Published: September 2023

Diabetic foot sores (DFS) are serious diabetic complications. The patient’s weakened neurological system damages the tissues of the foot’s skin, which results in amputation. This study aims to validate and deploy a deep learning-based system for the automatic classification of abrasion foot sores (AFS) and ischemic diabetic foot sores (DFS). We proposed a novel model combining convolutional neural network (CNN) capabilities with Vgg-19. The proposed method utilized two benchmark datasets to classify AFS and DFS from the patient’s foot. A data augmentation technique was used to enhance the accuracy of the training. Moreover, image segmentation was performed using UNet++. We tested and evaluated the proposed model’s classification performance against two well-known pre-trained classifiers, Inceptionv3 and MobileNet. The proposed model classified AFS and ischemia DFS images with an accuracy of 99.05%, precision of 98.99%, recall of 99.01%, MCC of 0.9801, and f1 score of 99.04%. Furthermore, the results of statistical evaluations using ANOVA and Friedman tests revealed that the proposed model exhibited a remarkable performance. The proposed model achieved an excellent performance that assist medical professionals in identifying foot ulcers.
Attitude Control of UAVs with Search Optimization and Disturbance Rejection Strategies
Authors: Li Wensheng , Yang Fanke , Zhong Liqiang , Wu Hao , Jiang Xiangyuan , Chukalin Andrei
Published: September 2023

This study aims to achieve rapid and stable control of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles’ (UAVs) attitude by using an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) controller. Addressing the challenge of numerous and complex ADRC parameters, optimization algorithms are employed for parameter tuning. This paper draws on the group mechanism of the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm and innovatively introduces population search into the Beetle Antennae Search (BAS) algorithm. The refined algorithm is then applied to tune the ADRC parameters, reducing complexity and human intervention while enhancing intelligence and efficiency. The advanced optimization algorithm exhibits an exceptional global optimization capacity, convergence speed, and stability. Ultimately, flight simulation and experimental results suggest that the optimized ADRC controller demonstrates superior control and antidisturbance capabilities.
Generalized Quantification Function of Monogenic Phase Congruency
Authors: Forero Manuel G. , Jacanamejoy Carlos A. , Machado Maximiliano , Penagos Karla L.
Published: September 2023

Edge detection is a technique in digital image processing that detects the contours of objects based on changes in brightness. Edges can be used to determine the size, orientation, and properties of the object of interest within an image. There are different techniques employed for edge detection, one of them being phase congruency, a recently developed but still relatively unknown technique due to its mathematical and computational complexity compared to more popular methods. Additionally, it requires the adjustment of a greater number of parameters than traditional techniques. Recently, a unique formulation was proposed for the mathematical description of phase congruency, leading to a better understanding of the technique. This formulation consists of three factors, including a quantification function, which, depending on its characteristics, allows for improved edge detection. However, a detailed study of the characteristics had not been conducted. Therefore, this article proposes the development of a generalized function for quantifying phase congruency, based on the family of functions that, according to a previous study, yielded the best results in edge detection.
Quasi-Exponentiated Normal Distributions: Mixture Representations and Asymmetrization
Authors: Korolev Victor , Zeifman Alexander
Published: September 2023

In the paper, quasi-exponentiated normal distributions are introduced for any real power (exponent) no less than two. With natural exponents, the quasi-exponentiated normal distributions coincide with the distributions of the corresponding powers of normal random variables with zero mean. Their representability as scale mixtures of normal and exponential distributions is proved. The mixing distributions are written out in the closed form. Two approaches to the construction of asymmetric quasi-exponentiated normal distributions are described. A limit theorem is proved for sums of a random number of independent random variables in which the asymmetric quasi-exponentiated normal distribution is the limit law.
Stable Matching Assisted Resource Allocation in Fog Computing Based IoT Networks
Authors: Alfakeeh Ahmed S. , Javed Muhammad Awais
Published: September 2023

Future Internet of Things (IoT) will be a connected network of sensors enabling applications such as industrial automation and autonomous driving. To manage such a large number of applications, efficient computing techniques using fog nodes will be required. A major challenge in such IoT networks is to manage the resource allocation of fog computing nodes considering security and system efficiency. A secure selection of fog nodes will be needed for forwarding the tasks without interception by the eavesdropper and minimizing the task delay. However, challenges such as the secure selection of fog nodes for forwarding the tasks without interception by the eavesdropper and minimizing the task delay are critical in IoT-based fog computing. In this paper, an efficient technique is proposed that solves the formulated problem of allocation of the tasks to the fog node resources using a stable matching algorithm. The proposed technique develops preference profiles for both IoT and fog nodes based on factors such as delay and secrecy rate. Finally, Gale–Shapley matching is used for task offloading. Detailed simulation results show that the performance of the proposed technique is significantly higher than the recent techniques in the literature.
A Hybrid Non-Polynomial Spline Method and Conformable Fractional Continuity Equation
Authors: Yousif Majeed A. , Hamasalh Faraidun K.
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a groundbreaking numerical technique for solving nonlinear time fractional differential equations, combining the conformable continuity equation (CCE) with the Non-Polynomial Spline (NPS) interpolation to address complex mathematical challenges. By employing conformable descriptions of fractional derivatives within the CCE framework, our method ensures enhanced accuracy and robustness when dealing with fractional order equations. To validate our approach’s applicability and effectiveness, we conduct a comprehensive set of numerical examples and assess stability using the Fourier method. The proposed technique demonstrates unconditional stability within specific parameter ranges, ensuring reliable performance across diverse scenarios. The convergence order analysis reveals its efficiency in handling complex mathematical models. Graphical comparisons with analytical solutions substantiate the accuracy and efficacy of our approach, establishing it as a powerful tool for solving nonlinear time-fractional differential equations. We further demonstrate its broad applicability by testing it on the Burgers–Fisher equations and comparing it with existing approaches, highlighting its superiority in biology, ecology, physics, and other fields. Moreover, meticulous evaluations of accuracy and efficiency using (L2 and L∞) norm errors reinforce its robustness and suitability for real-world applications. In conclusion, this paper presents a novel numerical technique for nonlinear time fractional differential equations, with the CCE and NPS methods’ unique combination driving its effectiveness and broad applicability in computational mathematics, scientific research, and engineering endeavors.
Image-Guided Prostate Cryoablation: State-of-the-Art
Authors: Ramalingam Vijay , McCarthy Colin J. , Degerstedt Spencer , Ahmed Muneeb
Published: September 2023

Image-guided focal therapy has increased in popularity as a treatment option for patients with primary and locally recurrent prostate cancer. This review will cover the basic indications, evaluation, treatment algorithm, and follow-up for patients undergoing image-guided ablation of the prostate. Additionally, this paper will serve as an overview of some technical approaches to cases so that physicians can familiarize themselves with working in this space. While the focus of this paper is prostate cryoablation, readers will obtain a basic literature overview of some of the additional available image-guided treatment modalities for focal prostate therapy.
Conservative Treatment for Spontaneous Resolution of Postoperative Symptomatic Thoracic Spinal Epidural Hematoma—A Case Report
Authors: Dokuzović Stjepan , Španić Mario , Muthu Sathish , Pavešić Jure , Ivandić Stjepan , Eder Gregor , Bošnjak Bogdan , Prodan Ksenija , Lončar Zoran , Ćorluka Stipe
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Postoperative epidural hematomas of the cervical and thoracic spine can pose a great risk of rapid neurological impairment and sometimes require immediate decompressive surgery. Case Report: We present the case of a young patient operated on for stabilization of a two-level thoracic vertebra fracture who developed total paralysis due to an epidural hematoma postoperatively. The course of epidural hematoma was quickly reversed with the help of a conservative technique that prevented revision surgery. The patient regained complete neurologic function very rapidly, and has been well on every follow-up to date. Conclusion: There is a role of similar maneuvers as described in this case to be employed in the management of postoperative epidural hematomas. However, prolonged watchful waiting should still be discouraged, and patients should remain ready for revision surgery if there are no early signs of rapid recovery.
Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Management of Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement with Concurrent Disorders of Spinopelvic Anatomy: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ambrus Richard , Douša Pavel , Almási Jozef , Šteňo Boris
Published: September 2023

Despite the high success rate of primary total hip replacement (THR), a significant early revision rate remains, which is largely attributed to instability and dislocations. Despite the implants being placed according to the safe zone philosophy of Lewinnek, occurrence of THR dislocation is not an uncommon complication. Large diagnostic and computational model studies have shown variability in patients’ mobility based on the individual anatomic and functional relationship of the hip–pelvis–spine complex. The absolute and relative position of hip replacement components changes throughout motion of the patient’s body. In the case of spinopelvic pathology such as spine stiffness, the system reaches abnormal positional states, as shown with computerized models. The clinical result of such pathologic hip positioning is edge loading, implant impingement, or even joint dislocation. To prevent such complications, surgeons must change the dogma of single correct implant positioning and take into account patients’ individualized anatomy and function. It is essential to broaden the standard diagnostics and their anatomical interpretation, and correct the pre-operative surgical planning. The need for correct and personalized implant placement pushes forward the development and adaptation of novel technologies in THR, such as robotics. In this current concepts narrative review, we simplify the spinopelvic biomechanics and pathoanatomy, the relevant anatomical terminology, and the diagnosis and management algorithms most commonly used today.
A Comparative Analysis of Fasciotomy Results in Children and Adults Affected by Crush-Induced Acute Kidney Injury following the Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes
Authors: Yalın Mustafa , Gölgelioğlu Fatih
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives: The current study aims to determine the impact of fasciotomy on mortality and morbidity in children and adults with crush-related AKI following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Materials and Methods: The study included individuals who had suffered crush injuries after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes and were identified as having an acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients with an AKI were divided into two groups based on age: those under 18 years and those over 18 years. A comparative analysis was conducted between the mortality and morbidity rates of patients who underwent fasciotomy and those who did not. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), sepsis, and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have all been identified as contributors to morbidity. Results: The study was conducted with a total of 40 patients (21 males and 19 females) aged between 4 and 83 years. A total of 21 patients underwent fasciotomy, and the patients underwent varying numbers of fasciotomy, ranging from 0 to 11. The mortality rate was 12.5%, corresponding to five adult patients. No instances of mortality were reported in the paediatric cohort. The application of fasciotomy in instances of crush-induced AKI did not result in elevated levels of mortality in either the paediatric or adult demographic. Within the adult population, a substantial difference in the duration of dialysis was observed between individuals who underwent fasciotomy and those who did not. A statistically significant increase in the number of fasciotomy incisions was observed in patients diagnosed with sepsis compared with those without sepsis. The study found a significant positive correlation between the number of fasciotomy incisions and dialysis days. Conclusions: Neither adult nor paediatric patients with crush-induced AKI showed an increased risk of death after fasciotomy. The number of fasciotomy incisions significantly correlated with the development of sepsis. Despite experiencing delays in hospital admission for paediatric patients, the incidence of both crush syndrome and mortality rates among children remained relatively low.
Assessment of Microvascular Disease in Heart and Brain by MRI: Application in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Bennett Jonathan , van Dinther Maud , Voorter Paulien , Backes Walter , Barnes Josephine , Barkhof Frederick , Captur Gabriella , Hughes Alun D. , Sudre Carole , Treibel Thomas A.
Published: September 2023

The objective of this review is to investigate the commonalities of microvascular (small vessel) disease in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Furthermore, the review aims to evaluate the current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic techniques for both conditions. By comparing the two conditions, this review seeks to identify potential opportunities to improve the understanding of both HFpEF and CSVD.
Theoretical Predictions of Structure, Mechanics, Dislocation, and Electronics Properties of FeTi Alloy at High Pressure
Authors: Zhang Linkun , Chen Hong , Wang Zhipeng , Ma Li , Tang Pingying
Published: September 2023

The influences of applied pressure on the structure, mechanics, dislocation, and electronics properties of an FeTi hydrogen storage alloy are theoretically investigated via first-principles calculations. The lattice parameter ratio, elastic constant, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus, ductile/brittle, Poisson’s ratio, anisotropy, Cauchy pressure, yield strength, Vickers hardness and energy factor are discussed versus applied pressure. The results show that the FeTi alloy exhibits good mechanical stability under applied pressure between 0 and 50 GPa, and the mechanical properties are significantly improved under applied pressure, like the resistances to elastic, bulk, and shear deformations, the material ductility and metallicity, as well as Vickers hardness and yield strength. Moreover, the electronic structures reveal that the FeTi alloy has metallic properties and the structural stability of the FeTi hydrogen storage alloy is enhanced at high pressure. This work provides significant value for high-pressure applications of FeTi alloys in hydrogen storage and supply fields.
Comparative Study of Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Nb4C3Tx (T = –OH, –F, or =O) and (Nb0.8Ti0.05V0.05Zr0.05Ta0.05)4C3Tx (T = –OH, –F, or =O) MXenes
Authors: Fu Ming , Chen Hongyu , Cheng Juan , Chu Longsheng , Feng Qingguo , Hu Chunfeng
Published: September 2023

Two–dimensional MXene synthesized from MAX phase ceramic has good electrical conductivity, promising to be used as electrodes. In this study, Nb4C3Tx (T = –OH, –F, or =O) MXene and low–entropy (Nb0.8Ti0.05V0.05Zr0.05Ta0.05)4C3Tx (T = –OH, –F, or =O) MXene were prepared by etching Nb4AlC3 and (Nb0.8Ti0.05V0.05Zr0.05Ta0.05)4AlC3 ceramics in the HF acid at 60 °C. By investigating the electrochemical properties of lithium batteries, it was found that the Nb4C3Tx and (Nb0.8Ti0.05V0.05Zr0.05Ta0.05)4C3Tx could provide the specific capacities of 163.7 mAh·g−1 and 130 mAh·g−1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A·g−1, respectively, and maintain the coulombic efficiency close to 100%, good for the utilization of electrodes in lithium batteries.
Moisture Effects on Qualities and Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) Additive Manufacturing of As-Built 17-4PH Stainless Steel Parts
Authors: Kim Taehwan , Kim Min-Kyeom , Fang Yongjian , Suhr Jonghwan
Published: September 2023

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has the advantages of high resolution and geometric freedom but can be susceptible to process failures and defects caused by inappropriate process parameters and powder conditions. This study aims to reveal and quantify the moisture effect on the qualities and properties of as-built parts with various process parameters. The results showed that the density was decreased by 7.86% with humid powder (60.0% relative humidity (RH)) compared to dry powder (3.4%RH). Expectedly, the observed low density led to the property degradation in the hardness, yield strength (YS), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the humid powder by 11.7, 15.02, and 21.25%, respectively, compared to that of dry powder (3.4%RH). Interestingly, the elongation at break of the parts fabricated with humid powder (60.0%RH) was increased by 2.82%, while their YS and UTS were decreased significantly. It seems that the water molecules on the powder surface hindered the reaction between the N2 shielding gas and melted powder, which resulted in the reduction in the austenite (γ) phase by up to 4.05 wt.%. This could be mainly responsible for the decrease in both the YS and UTS of the humid powder by approximately 100 and 150 MPa, respectively. This study demonstrates that the moisture of the metal powder used for LPBF should be carefully controlled to ensure desirable as-built qualities and properties.
Aging Behaviour of a 12.2Cr-10Ni-1Mo-1Ti-0.6Al Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel Manufactured via Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Morri Alessandro , Zanni Mattia , Ceschini Lorella , Fortunato Alessandro , Pellizzari Massimo
Published: September 2023

The combination of precipitation-hardening stainless steels (PH-SS) and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) enables the manufacturing of tools for plastic injection moulding with optimised geometry and conformal cooling channels, with potential benefits in terms of productivity, part quality, and tool duration. Moreover, the suitability of LPBF-manufactured PH-SS in the as-built (AB) condition to be age-hardened through a direct aging (DA) treatment enables a great heat treatment simplification with respect to the traditional solution annealing and aging treatment (SA). However, plastic injection moulding tools experience severe thermal cycles during their service, which can lead to over-aging of PH-SS and thus shorten tool life. Therefore, proper thermal stability is required to ensure adequate tool life and reliability. The aim of the present work is to investigate the aging and over-aging behaviour of a commercially available PH-SS (AMPO M789) manufactured by LPBF in the AB condition and after a solution-annealing treatment in order to evaluate the effect of the heat treatment condition on the microstructure and the aging and over-aging response, aiming at assessing its feasibility for plastic injection moulding applications. The AB microstructure features melt pool borders, oriented martensite grains, and a cellular solidification sub-structure, and was retained during aging and over-aging. On the other hand, a homogeneous and isotropic martensite structure was present after solution annealing and quenching, with no melt pool borders, cellular structure, or oriented grains. The results indicate no significant difference between AB and solution-annealed and quenched specimens in terms of aging and over-aging behaviour and peak hardness (in the range 580–600 HV), despite the considerably different microstructures. Over-aging was attributed to both the coarsening of strengthening precipitates and martensite-to-austenite reversion (up to ~11 vol.%) upon prolonged exposure to high temperature. Based on the results, guidelines to aid the selection of the most suitable heat treatment procedure are proposed.
Special Metal-Alloy Coating and Catalysis
Authors: Wu Wangping
Published: September 2023

Special metal alloy coating is an important material technology that has a wide range of applications in many fields [...]
A Kinetic Study on the Preparation of Al-Mn Alloys by Aluminothermic Reduction of Mn3O4 and MnO Powders
Authors: Salas Avilés Juan Alberto , Flores Valdés Alfredo , Torres Torres Jesús , Ochoa Palacios Rocío Maricela , Flores Saldívar Alfredo Alan
Published: September 2023

The study of aluminothermic reduction in manganese compounds is a complex challenge in preparing Al-Mn alloys. The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the activation energy values for the aluminothermic reduction of MnO and Mn3O4 oxides derived from alkaline batteries. The study melted aluminum found in beverage cans and utilized the technique of powder addition with mechanical agitation. The kinetics of the reaction were studied under the effects of temperature (750, 800, and 850 °C), degree of agitation (200, 250, and 300 rpm), and the initial concentration of magnesium in molten aluminum (1, 2, 3, and 4% by weight). Kinetic measurements for Mn3O4 particles suggest a reaction mechanism that occurs in stages, where manganese undergoes oxidation states [Mn+3] to [Mn+2] until it reaches the oxidation state Mn0, which allows it to dissolve in the molten aluminum, forming alloys with up to 1.5 wt.% of Mn. Therefore, the kinetic of the aluminothermic reduction of MnO is described by the geometric contraction model, while the mechanism of Mn3O4 reduction occurs in two stages: geometric contraction, followed by an additional stage involving the diffusion of chemical species to the boundary layer. In addition, this stage can be considered a competition between the formation of MnO and the chemical reaction itself.
Peripheral Blood Serum NMR Metabolomics Is a Powerful Tool to Discriminate Benign and Malignant Ovarian Tumors
Authors: Nunes Sofia C. , Sousa Joana , Silva Fernanda , Silveira Margarida , Guimarães António , Serpa Jacinta , Félix Ana , Gonçalves Luís G.
Published: September 2023

Ovarian cancer is the major cause of death from gynecological cancer and the third most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Despite a slight improvement in the overall survival of ovarian carcinoma patients in recent decades, the cure rate has not improved. This is mainly due to late diagnosis and resistance to therapy. It is therefore urgent to develop effective methods for early detection and prognosis. We hypothesized that, besides being able to distinguish serum samples of patients with ovarian cancer from those of patients with benign ovarian tumors, 1H-NMR metabolomics analysis might be able to predict the malignant potential of tumors. For this, serum 1H-NMR metabolomics analyses were performed, including patients with malignant, benign and borderline ovarian tumors. The serum metabolic profiles were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) methods. A metabolic profile associated with ovarian malignant tumors was defined, in which lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetone were increased and acetate, histidine, valine and methanol were decreased. Our data support the use of 1H-NMR metabolomics analysis as a screening method for ovarian cancer detection and might be useful for predicting the malignant potential of borderline tumors.
Experimental Study on Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Groove Machining by High-Power Water-Jet-Guided Laser
Authors: Meng Shuo , Zhao Yugang , Zhao Dandan , Zhao Chuang , Tang Yu , Li Zhihao , Yu Hanlin , Liu Guangxin , Cao Chen , Meng Jianbing
Published: September 2023

Due to the excellent properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs), such as high strength and strong corrosion resistance, the traditional water-jet-guided laser (WJGL) technology has problems with fiber pull-out and has a small cutting depth when processing CFRPs. Therefore, in this study, we used high-power water-jet-guided laser (HPWJGL) technology to perform groove processing experiments on CFRPs. The effects of four key process parameters, high laser power, pulse frequency, feed rate, and water-jet pressure, on the cutting depth were investigated by a single-factor experiment. The formation mechanism of groove cross-section morphology and the processing advantages of high-power water-jet-guided lasers were analyzed. On this basis, the mathematical prediction model of cutting depth was established by using the response surface method (RSM), and the optimal combination of process parameters was obtained. The mathematical prediction model was verified by experiments, and the error was only 1.84%, indicating that the model had a high reference value. This study provides a reference for the precision machining of HPWJGL technology.
Microscale Electrochemical Corrosion of Uranium Oxide Particles
Authors: Son Jiyoung , Riechers Shawn L. , Yu Xiao-Ying
Published: September 2023

Understanding the corrosion of spent nuclear fuel is important for the development of long-term storage solutions. However, the risk of radiation contamination presents challenges for experimental analysis. Adapted from the system for analysis at the liquid–vacuum interface (SALVI), we developed a miniaturized uranium oxide (UO2)-attached working electrode (WE) to reduce contamination risk. To protect UO2 particles in a miniatured electrochemical cell, a thin layer of Nafion was formed on the surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows a dense layer of UO2 particles and indicates their participation in electrochemical reactions. Particles remain intact on the electrode surface with slight redistribution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals a difference in the distribution of U(IV), U(V), and U(VI) between pristine and corroded UO2 electrodes. The presence of U(V)/U(VI) on the corroded electrode surface demonstrates that electrochemically driven UO2 oxidation can be studied using these cells. Our observations of U(V) in the micro-electrode due to the selective semi-permeability of Nafion suggest that interfacial water plays a key role, potentially simulating a water-lean scenario in fuel storage conditions. This novel approach offers analytical reproducibility, design flexibility, a small footprint, and a low irradiation dose, while separating the α-effect. This approach provides a valuable microscale electrochemical platform for spent fuel corrosion studies with minimal radiological materials and the potential for diverse configurations.