bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Del Nido and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate cardioplegia solutions: an animal study with prolonged ischaemia
Authors: Hoyer Alexandro , Dieterlen Maja-Theresa , Kang Jagdip , Oetzel Hanna , Wiesner Karoline , Klaeske Kristin , Kiefer Philipp , Oßmann Susann , Ginther André , Kostelka Martin , de Waha Suzanne , Borger Michael A.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Myocardial protection is important for a successful procedure cardiac surgery, and the key element of myocardial protection is cardioplegia. We compared Del Nido cardioplegia (DN) and Bretschneider histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate cardioplegia (HTK) regarding cardioprotective effects in a porcine model of prolonged ischaemia.

Methods

Landrace pigs weighing 50–60 kg were randomized to receive either DN (n = 9) or HTK (n = 9). All pigs underwent cardiac arrest for 90 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion/convalescence. A detailed set of laboratory, histological and functional parameters was acquired at baseline, during cardiac arrest and following reperfusion/convalescence.

Results

Pressure-volume measurements revealed better systolic and diastolic left ventricular performance in DN as compared to HTK (both p < 0.05). Haemoglobin decreased after application of the cardioplegic solution. The decrease was more pronounced in the HTK group than in the DN group (p < 0.01). In contrast to DN, sodium (p < 0.01) and chloride levels (p < 0.05) were significantly decreased in the HTK group after initiation of CPB and remained decreased after reperfusion. The number of animals requiring defibrillations to restore sinus rhythm significantly differed between the groups [HTK: 100% (n = 9/9) vs. DN: 44.4% (n = 4/9), p = 0.03]. Expression of ICAM-1 as a marker of endothelial dysfunction was lower in the DN group compared to the HTK group (p = 0.02). Histological evaluation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial membrane integrity and apoptosis markers were comparable between DN and HTK groups (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions

In this porcine model with prolonged ischaemia, DN was superior to HTK in terms of haemoglobin levels, blood electrolytes, spontaneous return of sinus rhythm, left ventricular function, and endothelial injury. Histomorphological parameters indicative of ischaemia/reperfusion injury, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function as well as apoptosis-inducing factors did not differ.
Evaluation of left atrial function and the relationship between left atrial stiffness index and exercise capacity in hypertension-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Zhang Qingfeng , Wang Sijia , Zhang Hongmei , Wang Kai , Li Wenhua , Ding Geqi , Ye Luwei , Li Chunmei , Deng Yan , Wang Yi , Yin Lixue
Published: December 2024

Objective

The left atrial stiffness index (LASI) holds significance in the atrioventricular coupling function and heart failure progression. To assess left atrial function and evaluate the relationship between LASI and exercise capacity in hypertension-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HT-HFpEF).

Methods

The study involved 62 healthy subjects and 163 patients with HT (112 patients in simple HT group and 51 patients in HT-HFpEF group). Each patient performed exercise stress test and standard ultrasonic images were evaluated. A comprehensive evaluation of atrioventricular function, along with investigation into the correlation between these functional parameters and exercise capacity. And further to investigate the feasibility of predicting exercise intolerance using three-dimensional derived left atrial strain index (LASI) (E/e'/LASr and E/e'/LASr-c).

Results

Compared to healthy subjects, HT group demonstrated the elevation in left atrial volume accompanied by decrease in strain value (P < 0.05). In HT-HFpEF group, further significant reductions were observed in both longitudinal (LASr) and circumferential strain (LASr-c, LASct-c) (P < 0.05). Univariate regression demonstrated that both E/e'/LASr and E/e'/LASr-c were significantly correlated with metabolic equivalents (METs) (r = −0.462, P < 0.001; r = −0.381, P < 0.001). The E/e'/LASr demonstrates comparable diagnostic efficacy to exercise-E/e' in assessing exercise intolerance in HT-HFpEF patients (AUC: 0.836 vs. 0.867, P = 0.239).

Conclusion

Progressive LA remodeling contributes to decreased atrioventricular compliance in HT and HT-HFpEF patients.E/e'/LASr serves as an independent indicator of exercise intolerance in patients with HT-HFpEF.
The association between school climate, teacher emotions, and adaptive instruction
Authors: Kouhsari Masoumeh , Huang Xianhan , Wang Chan , Lee John Chi-Kin
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Although adaptive instruction has become increasingly important as a component of effective instruction, the mechanism of adaptive instruction remains underexplored. This study examined the potential associations between school climate and teacher emotions on adaptive instruction.

Methods

This study used cross-sectional approach with a sample included 2,880 primary school teachers from Chongqing, China.

Results

The results indicated that of the five dimensions of school climate examined, teacher collaboration, student relations, and instructional innovation had positive and significant associations with adaptive instruction. Regarding teachers’ emotions, enjoyment was positively while anxiety was negatively associated with teachers’ adaptive instruction.

Discussion

As teachers’ positive emotions play important roles in adaptive instruction, policymakers and educators should focus on fostering teachers’ experiences of positive emotions. The finding of an adverse role of a teacher’s negative emotion in shaping adaptive instruction may be used in intervention programs and pieces of training for both pre-service and in-service teachers.
Optimal configuration of shared energy storage for industrial users considering lifetime and charge-discharge strategy coupling
Authors: Wang Wendi , Wang Hongyan , Sun Shaobin , Cao Gang , Wang Shufan , Ji Ye
Published: December 2024

With the development of renewable energy, energy storage has become one of the key technologies to solve the uncertainty of power generation and the disorder of power consumption and shared energy storage has become the focus of attention for its cost-effective characteristics. However, it is always difficult to quantify the coupling relationship between charge and discharge strategy and life expectancy in energy storage configuration. Based on this, this paper proposes an industrial user-side shared energy storage optimal configuration model, which takes into account the coupling characteristics of life and charge and discharge strategy. Firstly, the life loss model of lithium iron phosphate battery is constructed by using the rain-flow counting method. In order to further optimize the user-side shared energy storage configuration in the multi-user scenario, a two-layer model of energy storage configuration is built, and the Big M method and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions are used to equivalently transform the constraints. Based on the predicted life of energy storage and the dichotomy method, the optimal energy storage configuration results are obtained. Comparing the energy cost of users under the three scenarios of no storage configuration, storage configuration according to fixed storage life, and storage configuration according to the model proposed in this paper, the results show that the proposed method can help accurately describe the energy storage model, increase the utilization rate of the power station, and improve the electricity economy of users.
Study on the variation of carbon storage in the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration in China based on topographic relief
Authors: Mi Yi , Li Sheng , Wu Bo
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Regional carbon storage is a significant indicator of ecosystem service functions. Examining the impact of changes in land use on carbon stock in the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration under different topographic reliefs is paramount for sustainable land resource utilization and realizing carbon peaking and neutrality goals.

Methods

This study focuses on the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration, using the InVEST model in combination with land use data to explore the distribution pattern of land use change and carbon storage from the perspective of topographic relief.

Results

The research results show that:(1) the optimal analysis window for topographic reliefs in the study area is 17 × 17, covering an area of 0.26 km², with an average topographic relief of 78.58 m. (2) Between 2000 and 2020, Cultivated land and forest land decreased by 592.27 km² and 421.5 km², respectively, while the built-up land area increased by 982.36 km². (3) Due to human activities, carbon stock in the study area showed a decreasing trend, with a total reduction of 13.37 × 106 tons over the past 20 years. (4) The distribution of carbon stock across topographic reliefs mainly exhibits low-value and moderate-value carbon stock concentrations in flat and slightly undulating areas. In contrast, moderately high-value and high-value carbon stock concentrations are concentrated in gently and moderately undulating areas.

Discussion

These research findings provide a scientific foundation for optimizing the spatial pattern of the study area and formulating carbon peak and carbon-neutral policies.
Diversity-productivity relationships of savanna ecosystems in the Cerrado-Pantanal transition of southern Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Vourlitis George L. , Pinto Osvaldo Borges , Dalmagro Higo J. , Arruda Paulo H. , de Almeida Lobo Francisco
Published: December 2024

Productivity and ecosystem carbon (C) storage are often positively associated with species and/or structural diversity; however, positive relationships in tropical forests and woodlands are not universal and the strength of this relationship may be affected by climate. Diversity-productivity relationships were evaluated in upland and seasonally flooded savanna (Cerrado) of the Cuiaba Basin and Northern Pantanal in southern Mato Grosso, Brazil. Data on wood C increment, tree species composition, and alpha diversity were measured over a 10-year period in nine communities located in the Cerrado-Pantanal transition zone. Communities were composed of a wide spectrum of tropical savanna physiognomies, including mixed grassland (campo sujo), typical wooded savanna (stricto sensu), dense wooded savanna (cerrado denso), seasonal forest (mata seca and mata ciliar), and riparian forest (mata de galeria). We hypothesized that tree species richness and diversity would increase from grassland to forest. We further hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between woody C storage and diversity, but the strength of this relationship would be higher in wet years and wetter environments, such as the Pantanal, due to an increase in water availability. We found that tree species richness and diversity did not increase from mixed grasslands to forests, as mixed grasslands and riparian forests had similarly low levels of tree species richness and diversity compared to the other physiognomies. However, the rate of annual aboveground wood C increment was positively related to species richness and alpha diversity, and the positive relationship was primarily observed during wet years when the annual precipitation was at, or above, the long-term average for the region. Presumably, the impact of structural and species diversity on productivity declines during dry years when water availability becomes a more important control on stem C increment for tree species in the Cerrado-Pantanal transition. These data suggest that maintenance of diversity in these Cerrado woodlands and forests is important for maximizing aboveground C gain. However, climate change, which is causing warming and drying for the region, may limit the importance of diversity on wood C storage.
Ecosystem services assessment of Beledanga oxbow lake in the Gangetic plains: pathways to sustainable conservation
Authors: Ekka Anjana , Das Basanta Kumar , Roy Aparna , Pandit Arun , Swain Prajna Ritambhara , Lianthuamluaia Lianthuamluaia , Chanu Thangjam Nirupada , Parida Pranaya Kumar , Debroy Piyashi , Bhattacharya Shreya , Chakraborty Sangeeta , Mondal Kausik
Published: December 2024

Oxbow lakes, formed from abandoned river meanders, are unique wetlands that play a crucial role in supporting aquatic biodiversity and sustaining local communities through their ecosystem services. This study focuses on the Beledanga oxbow lake, highlighting its ecosystem services and the critical role of hydrological connectivity with the adjacent river for maintaining ecological functionality and sustainability. Using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework, the study assessed provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services through field surveys, stakeholder consultations, and secondary data analysis. Results show that the lake provides essential provisioning services, such as fisheries and irrigation, which support local food security and income generation. It also plays a role in regulating services like water management and carbon sequestration, while its biodiversity underpins vital ecological functions, including nutrient cycling and habitat provision. However, challenges such as seasonal water scarcity and macrophyte infestation threaten the lake's productivity and connectivity with the river. The study emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts involving local stakeholders to devise water management strategies and remove macrophytes, utilizing government initiatives like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) for funding. Additionally, the establishment of robust monitoring systems for sustainable fisheries management and incentive programs for conservation efforts are recommended. The research highlights the importance of hydrological connectivity in sustaining the lake's ecosystem services and enhancing biodiversity. By integrating local knowledge and stakeholder engagement, this study provides valuable insights into the sustainable management of oxbow lakes and highlights the broader significance of river-oxbow lake connectivity in wetland conservation efforts. The findings also have implications for broader wetland conservation policies in similar ecosystems.
A comprehensive immune repertoire signature distinguishes pulmonary infiltration in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection
Authors: Li Xuechuan , Zhu Hongyi , Xu Peipei , Zhang Jie , Wang Zhe , He Hui , Shen Fang , Jiang Yi , Shen Lijuan , Xiang Jing , Yang Linhua , Yang Chao , Jiang Hao , Gao Ganglong , Jin Junshuo , Shen Huojian , Wang Yinping , Wu Linshi , Qian Changlin , Liu Dejun , Qiu Weiqing , Li Qiwei , Chen Yuanwen , Lin Fujun , Liu Yun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has been the most severe public health emergency since 2019. Currently, the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been the most dominant. The most prominent symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection is respiratory. Meanwhile, the fatality of COVID-19 was mainly from pneumonia. However ,in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who have pneumonia and those who do not, the differences in the immune repertoire still require further investigation.

Methods

We conducted seven-chain adaptome immune repertoire analyses on patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, both with and without pulmonary infiltration.

Results

Patients with pulmonary infiltration exhibit lymphopenia, a decreased proportion of the overall TCR repertoire alongside an increased BCR repertoire, reduced IGHD and IGHM isotype expression, a shorter mean CDR3 length for TRG, and a longer mean length for TRD, as well as diminished clonality and diversity in the TCR/BCR repertoire. Meanwhile, patients with pulmonary infiltration have distinct V-J gene usage and unique CDR3 signature, as well as BCR class switch recombination pattern. Finally, prior vaccination triggered less BCR IGHM/IGHD somatic hypermutation response, preserved the diversity of the entire adaptive immune repertoire, and provided clinical protection against severe or critical conditions following Omicron infection.

Discussion

We report a unique, comprehensive adaptive immune system signature in patients with pulmonary infiltration, which may serve as potential immunological biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Leveraging single-cell and multi-omics approaches to identify MTOR-centered deubiquitination signatures in esophageal cancer therapy
Authors: Tian Kang , Yao Ziang , Pan Da
Published: December 2024

Background

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains a significant challenge in oncology due to its aggressive nature and heterogeneity. As one of the deadliest malignancies, ESCC research lags behind other cancer types. The balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes plays a crucial role in cellular functions, with its disruption linked to various diseases, including cancer.

Methods

Our study utilized diverse analytical approaches, encompassing Cox regression models, single-cell RNA sequencing, intercellular communication analysis, and Gene Ontology enrichment. We also conducted mutation profiling and explored potential immunotherapeutic agents. Furthermore, in vitro cellular experiments and in vivo mouse models were performed to validate findings. These methodologies aimed to establish deubiquitination-related gene signatures (DRGS) for predicting ESCC patient outcomes and response to immunotherapy.

Results

By integrating datasets from TCGA-ESCC and GSE53624, we developed a DRGS model based on 14 deubiquitination-related genes (DUBGs). This signature effectively forecasts ESCC prognosis, drug responsiveness, and immune cell infiltration patterns. It also influences the mutational landscape of patients. Those classified as high-risk exhibited reduced survival rates, increased genetic alterations, and more complex cellular interactions, potentially explaining their poor outcomes. Notably, in vitro and in vivo experiments identified MTOR, a key component of the signature, as a promising therapeutic target for ESCC treatment.

Conclusion

Our research highlights the significance of 14 DUBGs in ESCC progression. The risk score derived from this gene set enables clinical stratification of patients into distinct prognostic groups. Moreover, MTOR emerges as a potential target for personalized ESCC therapy, offering new avenues for treatment strategies.
Complement activation drives the phagocytosis of necrotic cell debris and resolution of liver injury
Authors: Vandendriessche Sofie , Mattos Matheus Silvério , Bialek Emilia Laura , Schuermans Sara , Proost Paul , Marques Pedro Elias
Published: December 2024

Cells die by necrosis due to excessive chemical or thermal stress, leading to plasma membrane rupture, release of intracellular components and severe inflammation. The clearance of necrotic cell debris is crucial for tissue recovery and injury resolution, however, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood, especially in vivo. This study examined the role of complement proteins in promoting clearance of necrotic cell debris by leukocytes and their influence on liver regeneration. We found that independently of the type of necrotic liver injury, either acetaminophen (APAP) overdose or thermal injury, complement proteins C1q and (i)C3b were deposited specifically on necrotic lesions via the activation of the classical pathway. Importantly, C3 deficiency led to a significant accumulation of necrotic debris and impairment of liver recovery in mice, which was attributed to decreased phagocytosis of debris by recruited neutrophils in vivo. Monocytes and macrophages also took part in debris clearance, although the necessity of C3 and CD11b was dependent on the specific type of necrotic liver injury. Using human neutrophils, we showed that absence of C3 or C1q caused a reduction in the volume of necrotic debris that is phagocytosed, indicating that complement promotes effective debris uptake in mice and humans. Moreover, internalization of opsonized debris induced the expression of pro-resolving genes in a C3-dependent manner, supporting the notion that debris clearance favors the resolution of inflammation. In summary, complement activation at injury sites is a pivotal event for necrotic debris clearance by phagocytes and determinant for efficient recovery from tissue injury.
O-GlcNAcylation dictates pyroptosis
Authors: Lang Yue , Li Jincheng , Zhang Leiliang
Published: December 2024

O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification involving the attachment of N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues. This review emphasizes its role in regulating the signaling pathways of pyroptosis. Specifically, the O-GlcNAcylation of GSDMD is linked to the modulation of pyroptosis, suggesting that enhancing O-GlcNAcylation of GSDMD could be crucial for improving hypoperfusion in sepsis. Additionally, GSDME, another member of the gasdermin family, facilitates macrophage pyroptosis through O-GlcNAcylation induced by high glucose levels in the context of periodontitis. The review also examines the effects of O-GlcNAcylation on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its regulators, including NEK7 and NF-κB. Overall, this review emphasizes the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the pathogenesis of conditions such as sepsis, periodontitis, and osteoarthritis, identifying potential therapeutic targets for managing inflammatory responses through its targeted modulation.
Uncharted territory: the arrival of Psychoda albipennis (Zetterstedt, 1850) (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Maritime Antarctica
Authors: Hernandez-Martelo Jordan , Contador Tamara , Kim Sanghee , Salina Carla , Maturana Claudia S. , Suazo Manuel , Convey Peter , Benítez Hugo A.
Published: December 2024

Despite increasing awareness of the threats they pose, exotic species continue to arrive in Antarctica with anthropogenic assistance, some of which inevitably have the potential to become aggressively invasive. Here, we provide the first report of the globally cosmopolitan species Psychoda albipennis (Diptera, Psychodidae; commonly known as moth flies) in Antarctica during the austral summer of 2021/2022, with the identification confirmed using traditional taxonomic and molecular approaches. The species was present in very large numbers and, although predominantly associated with the drainage and wastewater systems of Antarctic national operator stations in synanthropic situations, it was also present in surrounding natural habitats. While it is unclear if P. albipennis is capable of long-distance dispersal, adult psychodid flies are known to travel more than 90 m from their emergence sites, and up to 1.5 km with wind assistance. Thus, once established in the natural environment of King George Island there appears to be a high risk of the species rapidly becoming invasive. The introduction of non-native species such as P. albipennis can be a significant driver of future biodiversity change and loss, and seriously impact ecosystem health. In vulnerable low diversity ecosystems, such as in the terrestrial environments of Antarctica, non-native species can lead to step changes in ecological functions and interactions, displace native species and, potentially, lead to the extinction of native biota.
Pharmacokinetic/pharma-codynamic study of pralurbactam (FL058) combined with meropenem in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Li Wenfang , Zhang Ruohao , Li Yi , Li Xin , Bian Xingchen , Zheng Shansong , Wang Xinmei , Zhang Ning , Gao Cong , Guo Beining , Wang Zhenling , Zhang Jing , Wu Xiaojie
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Pralurbactam (FL058) is a novel β-lactamase inhibitor with good inhibitory activity on class A, C, and D β-lactamases. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship of pralurbactam/meropenem in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model.

Methods

After 2-h infection, neutropenic mice was treated with meropenem every 2 h alone or in combination with pralurbactam at different dosing frequencies for 24 h, and the colony count in the thighs was determined before and after treatment. The maximum effect model was fit to the PK/PD relationship to determine the PK/PD index and targets for pralurbactam in combination with meropenem resulting in a static effect and 1-log10 kill.

Results

The plasma drug concentration-time data demonstrated that the PK profiles of pralurbactam were consistent with a one-compartment model. Pralurbactam demonstrated a linear PK profile in mice plasma. The percent time of free drug above 1 mg/L (%fT > 1 mg/L) was the PK/PD index that best described the bacterial killing effect of pralurbactam/meropenem over 24 h. When the PK/PD index %fT > 1 mg/L reached 38.4% and 63.6%, pralurbactam/meropenem combination would achieve bacteriostatic effect and 1-log10 reduction against Klebsiella pneumoniae in thigh bioburden, respectively.

Conclusion

These PK/PD data derived from mouse thigh infection models will be used to inform the optimal dosing regimen of pralurbactam/meropenem combination in clinical trials.
Association between telomere length and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yang Feng , Cai Hanlin , Ren Yimeng , Huang Keru , Gao Hui , Qin Linyuan , Wang Ruihan , Chen Yongping , Zhou Liangxue , Zhou Dong , Chen Qin
Published: December 2024

Objective

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is highly prevalent among elderly individuals, and there is a strong correlation between telomere length and biological aging. However, there is limited evidence to elucidate the relationship between telomere length and iNPH. This study aimed to investigate the associations between telomere length and iNPH using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Methods

The genetic variants of telomere length were obtained from 472,174 UK Biobank individuals. Summary level data of iNPH were acquired from 218,365 individuals of the FinnGen consortium. Five MR estimation methods, including inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode, were used for causal inference. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results. In addition, multivariable MR was further implemented to identify potential mechanisms in the causal pathway from telomere length to iNPH.

Results

Genetically determined longer telomere length was significantly associated with decreased risk of iNPH (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.80; p = 0.008). No evident heterogeneity (Cochran Q = 138.11, p = 0.386) and pleiotropy (MR Egger intercept = 0.01, p = 0.514) were observed in the sensitivity analysis. In addition, multivariable MR indicated that the observed association was attenuated after adjustment for several vascular risk factors, including essential hypertension (IVW OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.30–1.03; p = 0.061), type 2 diabetes (IVW OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.09–5.39; p = 0.740) and coronary artery disease (IVW OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.31–1.07; p = 0.082).

Conclusion

Our MR study revealed a strong negative correlation of telomere length with iNPH. The causal relationship might be driven by several vascular risk factors.
Resting-state fMRI seizure onset localization meta-analysis: comparing rs-fMRI to other modalities including surgical outcomes
Authors: Boerwinkle Varina L. , Nowlen Mary A. , Vazquez Jesus E. , Arhin Martin A. , Reuther William R. , Cediel Emilio G. , McCarty Patrick J. , Manjón Iliana , Jubran Jubran H. , Guest Ashley C. , Gillette Kirsten D. , Nowlen Frances M. , Pines Andrew R , Kazemi Meitra H. , Qaqish Bahjat F.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) may localize the seizure onset zone (SOZ) for epilepsy surgery, when compared to intracranial EEG and surgical outcomes, per a prior meta-analysis. Our goals were to further characterize this agreement, by broadening the queried rs-fMRI analysis subtypes, comparative modalities, and same-modality comparisons, hypothesizing SOZ-signal strength may overcome this heterogeneity.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar between April 2010 and April 2020 via PRISMA guidelines for SOZ-to-established-modalities were screened. Odd ratios measured agreement between SOZ and other modalities. Fixed- and random-effects analyses evaluated heterogeneity of odd ratios, with the former evaluating differences in agreement across modalities and same-modality studies.

Results

In total, 9,550 of 14,384 were non-duplicative articles and 25 met inclusion criteria. Comparative modalities were EEG 7, surgical outcome 6, intracranial EEG 5, anatomical MRI 4, EEG-fMRI 2, and magnetoencephalography 1. Independent component analysis 9 and seed-based analysis 8 were top rs-fMRI methods. Study-level odds ratio heterogeneity in both the fixed- and random-effects analysis was significant (p < 0.001). Marked cross-modality and same-modality systematic differences in agreement between rs-fMRI and the comparator were present (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002), respectively, with surgical outcomes having higher agreement than EEG (p = 0.002) and iEEG (p = 0.007). The estimated population mean sensitivity and specificity were 0.91 and 0.09, with predicted values across studies ranging from 0.44 to 0.96 and 0.02 to 0.67, respectively.

Significance

We evaluated centrality and heterogeneity in SOZ agreement between rs-fMRI and comparative modalities using a wider variety of rs-fMRI analyzing subtypes and comparative modalities, compared to prior. Strong evidence for between-study differences in the agreement odds ratio was shown by both the fixed- and the random-effects analyses, attributed to rs-fMRI analysis variability. Agreement with rs-fMRI differed by modality type, with surgical outcomes having higher agreement than EEG and iEEG. Overall, sensitivity was high, but specificity was low, which may be attributed in part to differences between other modalities.
Desmoid-type fibromatosis of the breast in a male patient following cosmetic surgery: a rare case report
Authors: Correa Sandoval Diana Carolina , Gonzalez Reyes Javier , Guajardo Nieto Diego Alberto , Guzman Murguia Jose Luis
Published: December 2024

Background

Desmoid-type fibromatosis of the breast is a rare, benign, but locally aggressive tumor that typically affects women. Its presentation in male patients is exceedingly rare, and even more so following a cosmetic procedure such as liposuction. This case report describes a unique presentation of breast fibromatosis in a male patient, who developed the condition after undergoing liposuction for cosmetic purposes to define the pectoral area. The case highlights the diagnostic challenges it poses due to its malignancy-like appearance on imaging.

Materials and methods

A 28-year-old male patient presented with a right palpable mass in the breast following a liposuction procedure aimed at enhancing pectoral definition. Imaging studies, including ultrasound and MRI, raised suspicion of a malignancy. However, histopathological analysis from a core needle biopsy revealed fibromatosis. The patient underwent surgical excision of the tumor, and histological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of benign desmoid-type breast fibromatosis.

Results

Histopathological examination revealed benign fibromatosis with no evidence of malignancy. The tumor was completely excised with clear margins, and the patient has had no signs of recurrence during the follow-up period.

Conclusions

This case highlights the rare occurrence of breast fibromatosis in a male patient following liposuction for cosmetic purposes. Given its ability to mimic malignancy on imaging, early diagnosis and complete surgical excision are essential for effective management and to prevent recurrence.
Adaptive evaluation of gross total resection rates for endoscopic endonasal approach based on preoperative MRI morphological features of pituitary adenomas
Authors: Shen Ao , Min Yue , Zhou Dongjie , Dai Lirui , Lyu Liang , Zhan Wenyi , Jiang Shu , Zhou Peizhi
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aims to define a set of related anatomical landmarks based on preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of patients with pituitary adenomas (PAs). It explores the impact of the dynamic relationships between different anatomical landmarks and the tumor on the resection rate and tumor progression/recurrence during the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA).

Methods

A single-center institutional database review was conducted, identifying patients with PAs treated with EEA from December 2018 to January 2023. Clinical data were reviewed, and anatomical landmarks were categorized into two regions: the suprasellar region and the cavernous sinus region. Following basic statistical and univariate logistic regression analyses, patients were randomly divided into training and validation sets. A nomogram was then established through the integration of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The clinical prediction model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for survival analysis.

Results

A total of 626 patients with PAs were included in the study, with gross total resection (GTR) achieved in 570 cases (91.05%). Significant differences were observed in the distribution of age, Knosp grade, and tumor size between the GTR and near total resection (NTR) groups. LASSO regression identified 8 key anatomical landmarks. The resulting model demonstrated an AUC of 0.96 in both the training and validation sets. Calibration curves indicated a strong agreement between the nomogram model and actual observations. Survival analysis revealed that the extent of resection (EOR), age, Knosp grade, tumor size, and PAs extending beyond several anatomical landmarks identified were significantly associated with the progression or recurrence of PAs.

Conclusion

This study proposes a model for adaptively assessing the resection rate of PAs by delineating relevant anatomical landmarks. The model comprehensively considers instrument manipulation angles, surgical accessibility during EEA procedures, anatomical variations, and the displacement of related anatomical structures in pathological states. This approach can assist neurosurgeons in preoperative planning and developing personalized surgical strategies.
First-line pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and high PD-L1 expression: real-world data from a Spanish multicenter study
Authors: Piedra Aida , Martínez-Recio Sergio , Hernández Ainhoa , Morán Teresa , Arriola Edurne , Recuero-Borau Jordi , Cobo Manuel , Cordeiro Patricia , Mosquera Joaquín , Fernández Manuel , García-Campelo Rosario , Calles Antonio , Álvarez Rosa , Zapata-García María , Isla Dolores , Callejo Ana , Iranzo Patricia , Serra-López Jorgina , Barba Andrés , Sullivan Ivana , Felip Enriqueta , Majem Margarita
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Pembrolizumab stands as a first-line option for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (PD-L1 ≥50%). Several factors such as antibiotic exposure, low body mass index (BMI), certain metastatic location or poor performance status may influence outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis in a cohort of patients with advanced high PD-L1 expression NSCLC treated with first-line pembrolizumab in clinical practice. We sought to evaluate clinical outcomes according to several factors.

Results

Among the 494 included patients, median age was 67.29 years, 77% were male, 54% and 38% were former or current smokers, respectively; 84% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) of 0-1, and 48% had a BMI of <25. 32% of patients had bone metastases, 32% brain metastases and 16% liver metastases. 35% of patients had exposure to antibiotics (AB), 44% to corticosteroids and 62% to proton pump inhibitors (PPi). With a median follow-up of 14.3 months, the median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.9m (95% CI 13.1 to 18.8) and 9.9m (95% CI 7.7 to 12.1), and the overall response rate (ORR) was 43%. After univariate analysis, median OS in patients with ECOG-PS 0 vs. 1 vs. 2 was 36.7m vs. 14.8m vs. 2.7m (p<0.001). Median OS in patients who received treatment with corticosteroids vs. patients without exposure was 11.4m vs. 22.3m (p<0.001). After multivariate analysis, corticosteroid exposure (HR 1.41) and ECOG-PS (HR 2.40) maintained a prognostic impact.

Discussion

First-line pembrolizumab outcomes in advanced high PD-L1 expression NSCLC patients could be negatively influenced by corticosteroid exposure or poor ECOG-PS.
Anti-migraine medications safety during pregnancy in the US
Authors: Bérard A. , Strom S. , Albrecht D. , Kori S.
Published: December 2024

Background

Specific antimigraine medications (dihydroergotamine (DHE), triptans) have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in individual studies but lack of consensus remains.

Objectives

Quantify the risk of prematurity, low birth weight (LBW), major congenital malformations (MCM), and spontaneous abortions (SA) associated with gestational use of DHE or triptans in a privately insured cohort of pregnant women in the US.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study within the US Merative MarketScan Research Database (2011–2021), composed of a nationally representative sample of patients with employer-provided health insurance. Four independent analyses were conducted to assess the risk of 1) prematurity (<37 weeks of gestation), 2) LBW (birth weight <2,500 g), 3) MCM, and 4) clinically detected SA. Exposure was defined dichotomously as use of DHE or triptan during pregnancy. Generalized estimation equations (GEE) were built to quantify the associations taking into account potential confounders including maternal migraine.

Results

Overall, 767,994 pregnant women met eligibility criteria and were included in the analyses on prematurity, LBW, and MCM; 11,121 cases of SA were identified and analyzed. One hundred and eighty-nine (189 (0.02%)) were exposed to DHE (all in the first trimester), and 4,309 (0.56%) to triptans. Adjusting for potential confounders including maternal migraine, DHE was not associated with a statistically significant risk of prematurity (adjusted RR (aRR) 1.17, 95%CI 0.14, 9.74), LBW (aRR 7.76, 95%CI 0.99, 60.83), MCM (aRR 2.27, 95%CI 0.97, 5.29), or SA (aOR 3.19, 95%CI 0.98, 10.38); DHE was associated with an increased risk of septal defects. All estimates showed increased risk but were unstable. Similarly, triptan use was not associated with any of the studied outcomes.

Discussions and Conclusions

After considering maternal migraine and other potential confounders, DHE (first trimester) and triptan exposure during pregnancy were not statistically significantly associated with an increased risk for prematurity, LBW, MCM, or SA. Findings on septal defects could be due to chance, and need replication.
Implementation of smart devices in health crisis scenarios: risks and opportunities
Authors: Losada Maestre Roberto , Sánchez Medero Rubén
Published: December 2024

The scarcity of healthcare resources, particularly during crises, is a reality. AI can help alleviate this deficiency. Tasks such as triage, diagnosis, or determining a patient’s life-threatening risk are some of the applications we can delegate to algorithms. However, the limited number of real clinical experiences and the lack of research on its implementation mean that we only partially understand the risks involved in its development. To contribute to the knowledge of both the opportunities and risks that a management solution like AI presents, we analyze the case of autonomous emergency vehicles. After conducting a detailed literature review, we adopt an innovative perspective: that of the patient. We believe that the relationship established between the patient and this technology, particularly the emotional connection, can determine the success of implementing such autonomous driving devices. Therefore, we also propose a simple solution: endowing this technology with anthropomorphic features.
Assessing law enforcement officer skills in Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) research: developing and implementing standardized scenarios
Authors: Watson Amy C. , Jackson Elisabeth , Fu En , Bruno Ron , Comartin Erin , Kamin Don , Pope Leah G. , Vega Eduardo , Compton Michael T.
Published: December 2024

This paper outlines the development of standardized scenarios used to assess the efficacy of Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training in a randomized, controlled trial. The objective was to create scenarios that accurately simulate mental health crisis situations for law enforcement officers, ensuring that each scenario tests specific CIT skills relevant to real-world encounters. Our process involved building an interdisciplinary team and drawing from the knowledge and experience of professionals in law enforcement, mental health, and performance arts to design a set of scenarios that are both realistic and challenging. The scenarios were developed to represent mental health crises that officers frequently encounter, such as mania, psychosis with agitation, and depression with suicidality. Each scenario requires officers to demonstrate CIT-specific skills such as verbal de-escalation, empathy, and critical decision-making. Our structured approach to developing these scenarios provides a replicable model for future studies that aim to assess the real-world effectiveness of mental health training for law enforcement as well as other professional groups.
Nanosilicates and molecular silicate dust species: properties and observational prospects
Authors: Bromley Stefan T.
Published: December 2024

Silicate dust is found in a wide range of astrophysical environments. Nucleation and growth of silicate dust grains in circumstellar environments likely involves species with diameters ranging from <1 nm (molecular silicates) to a few nanometers (nanosilicates). When fully formed silicate grains with sizes ∼0.1 μm enter the interstellar medium, supernovae shockwaves cause collision-induced shattering which is predicted to redistribute a significant proportion of the silicate dust mass into a huge number of nanosilicates. This presumed population has thus far not been unambiguously confirmed by observation but is one of the main candidates for causing the anomalous microwave emission. By virtue of their extreme small size, nanosilicates and molecular silicates could exhibit significantly different properties to larger silicate grains, which could be of astrochemical and astrophysical importance. Herein, we briefly review the properties of these ultrasmall silicate dust species with a focus on insights arising from bottom-up atomistic computational modelling. Finally, we highlight how such modelling also has the unique potential to predict observationally verifiable spectral features of nanosilicates that may be detectable using the James Webb Space Telescope.
Thoracic ultrasound for diagnosing pneumopathies in neotropical primates
Authors: Martins Jéssica Amancio , de Souza Balbueno Melina Castilho , Málaga Soraya Kezam , da Costa Leonardo Dourado , de Paula Coelho Cidéli
Published: December 2024

Lung ultrasound can be useful for the early diagnosis and treatment of respiratory complications. The combination of air and soft tissue confirms imaging artefacts that can contribute to differentiation between healthy and deteriorated lung tissue. Although non-human primates are often chosen as research models due to their anatomical and physiological similarity to humans, there is a lack of data on the use of lung ultrasound in these individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of ultrasound examinations of the thoracic region of Callithrix sp. for diagnosing pneumopathy. Parameters were obtained from 166 new world non-human primates of both sexes, aged between 1 and 15 years and weighing between 128 g and 680 g kept under human care at the Mucky Project in Itu, São Paulo. Thoracic ultrasound examinations were carried out using a LOGIQe—R7 device (GE, United States), with a 10–22 MHz linear transducer, at four points on the left and right antimeres. Among these 166 individuals, 72 had some kind of pulmonary alteration. Forty-one of the animals with pulmonary alterations diagnosed on ultrasound died and underwent necropsy. Histopathological examination showed that in half of the samples the lung tissue was compatible with some form of pneumopathy. Considering these cases, the pulmonary alterations diagnosed through thoracic ultrasound examination in Callithrix sp. can be correlated with the occurrence of pneumopathy, which is often asymptomatic. Lung ultrasound is an important tool for use in clinics to detect and monitor respiratory diseases and can save lives by enabling early treatment.
Walentego Skorochoda Majewskiego zmagania z sanskrycką terminologią gramatyczną
Authors: Nowakowska Monika
Published: December 2024

The article brings some observations arisen from my participation in the project of building the Historical Dictionary of Grammatical Terms (HDGT) online, for which I excerpted grammatical terms from two publications by Walenty Skorochód Majewski (1764-1835) which are the first two Polish descriptions of the Sanskrit grammar. The linguistic corpus and structure built within HDGT granted me an opportunity to obtain a larger picture of the grammatical terminology current at the time, while my deepened research into the sources of Majewski in other European languages, and the query among the documents and publications in Polish concerning his life and research activities allowed me to put a new light on them, and to rectify some incorrect information on the subject. In my analysis of the excerpted material I focused on a number of issues representative of the Sanskrit grammatical tradition, and on the spreading acquaintance with the latter in Europe in the first decades of the 19th century, showing the development of the European linguistic and comparative knowledge attested in Majewski’s works.
A Novel Approach to High Stability Engine Control for Aero-Propulsion Systems in Supersonic Conditions
Authors: Sun Fengyong , Han Jitai , Song Changpo
Published: December 2024

In a supersonic state, the aero-engine operates under harsh circumstances of elevated temperature, high pressure, and rapid rotor speed. This work provides an innovative high-stability control technique for engines with fixed-geometry inlets, addressing stability control issues at the aero-propulsion system level. The discussion begins with the importance of an integrated model for the intake and the aero-engine, introducing two stability indices (surge margin and buzz margin) to characterize inlet stability. A novel predictive model for engine air mass flow is developed to address the indeterminate issue of engine air mass flow. The integration of input parameters in the predictive model is refined using the least squares support vector regression (LSSVR) algorithm, and historical input data is used to enhance predictive performance, as validated by numerical simulation results. A data-driven adaptive augmented linear quadratic regulator (d-ALQR) control technique is suggested to adaptively modify the control parameters of the augmented linear quadratic regulator. A highly stable control strategy is finally proposed, integrating the predictive model with the d-ALQR controller. The simulation results conducted during maneuvering flight operations demonstrate that the developed high-stability controller can maintain the inlet in an efficient and safe condition, ensuring optimal compatibility between the engine and the inlet.