bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New or poorly known Douglasiidae from the Palaearctics (Lepidoptera: Douglasiidae)
Authors: Gaedike R.
Published: April 2024

Five new species of the genus Tinagma Zeller, 1839 were described and illustrated (T. fasciatum Gaedike, sp. n., T. mikkolai Gaedike, sp. n., T. jalavai Gaedike, sp. n., T. kullbergi Gaedike, sp. n., T. caucasicum Gaedike, sp. n.). New country records for five species of the same genus (T. perdicella Zeller, 1839, T. balteolella (Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1841), T. klimeschi Gaedike, 1987, T. bledella (Chrétien, 1915), T. ocnerostomella (Stainton, 1850)) and for two species of the genus Klimeschia Amsel, 1938 (K. transversella (Zeller, 1839), K. cinereipunctella (Turati & Fiori, 1930) are provided.
New data on the butterflies of São Tomé e Príncipe: description of one new subspecies from Príncipe, notes, and reference to two faunistic novelties from São Tomé (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)
Authors: Mendes L. F. , Bivar de Sousa A. , Vasconcelos S.
Published: April 2024

One new subspecies of Sevenia amulia (Cramer, 1777) (Nymphalidae, Biblidinae) is described from Príncipe Island and compared with the previously known subspecies. Two faunistic novelties are reported from São Tomé Island and for the country: one species of Lycaenidae (Polyommatinae), another of Nymphalidae (Heliconiinae). The presence on Príncipe Island of another species, an endemic Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae) not reported from the country for almost a century, is confirmed and commented.
Taxonomic notes on Portuguese Microlepidoptera I. Cacochroa rosetella Corley, sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae, Cryptolechiinae)
Authors: Corley M. F. V.
Published: April 2024

Cacochroa rosetella sp. n. is described from central Portugal. It is externally similar to C. corfuella Lvovsky, 2000 from Greece, but is clearly different in female genitalia.
Contribution to the knowledge of the spring butterfly fauna of the southern Anti-Atlas region, Morocco (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)
Authors: Verovnik R. , Beretta S. , Rowlings M.
Published: April 2024

Data from eight butterfly surveys, mostly within the last 10 years, were combined to improve the knowledge of the distribution of butterflies in the Anti-Atlas region of Morocco. The records from 40 localities are presented and discussed. A total of 54 species were observed, closely matching the known butterfly fauna of the region. Interesting records for the following species are discussed in detail: Papilio saharae, Zerynthia rumina, Euchloe falloui, Colotis chrysonome, Colotis liagore, Callophrys avis, Cigaritis allardi, Tarucus rosaceus, Azanus ubaldus, Plebejus allardi, Melitaea deserticola, and Spialia doris. Of these Colotis liagore is recorded for the first time for Morocco, and two eremic species known only from a few localities are shown to be possible residents in the lower Draa Valley in the Assa region: Colotis chrysonome and Azanus ubaldus. Although we add valuable new information on the distribution of butterflies in Morocco more systematic research would probably yield many additional interesting records.
Catálogo sistemático preliminar de los Pyraloidea Latreille, 1809 del Parque Natural Cabo de Gata-Níjar (Almería, España) (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)
Authors: Garre M. , Rubio R. M. , Guerrero J. J. , Ortiz A. S.
Published: April 2024

La superfamilia Pyraloidea está representada en el Parque Natural Cabo de Gata-Níjar (Almería, sureste de España) por 129 especies dentro de las familias Pyralidae y Crambidae. Biogeográficamente, los elementos de distribución mediterránea son mayoritarios (65,9%), incluyendo cuatro endemismos ibéricos: Hypotia miegi, Hypotia leucographalis, Talis caboensis y Aphomia murciella. Entre todas las especies estudiadas 19 son nuevas para la provincia de Almería.
A new species of the genus Nycterotis Felder, 1874 from Central Brazil (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae, Nystaleinae)
Authors: Becker V. O.
Published: April 2024

Nycterotis rhudarioides Becker, sp. n., belonging to the aroata-group, from Central Brazil, is described.
Revision of the genus Aleyda Schaus, 1928 with the description of one new species (Lepidoptera: Mimallonidae)
Authors: St Laurent R. A. , McCabe T. L. , Malm T.
Published: April 2024

The genus Aleyda Schaus, 1928 is revised. The male of the type species of Aleyda, A. accipiter, is redescribed, and the female is figured for the first time. Aleyda heppneri St Laurent, McCabe & Malm, sp. n. from Panamá and French Guiana is newly described. Male and female genitalia of both species are figured for the first time.
New records of Noctuinae for Iran with additional distribution data (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Shahreyari-Nedja S. , Esfandari M. , Rasekh A. , Mossadegh M. S. , Shirvani A.
Published: April 2024

Numerous expeditions have been done in Iran during more than 150 years to investigate the Noctuidae fauna.However, still white patches remain to be extensively explored. In this study, night samplings performed by lighttraps at different Iranian provinces to study some tribes of Noctuinae. Here, we present 43 species and subspecies,among them three species of Dasypolia eberti Boursin, 1967, Episema minutoides Ronkay, Varga & Hreblay, 1999and Polymixis schistochlora Ronkay, Varga & Hreblay, 1998 are newly reported for the fauna of Iran. Twenty-six ofidentified taxa are new records for one or more provinces of Iran. Adults and genitalia of new records for Iran areillustrated with notes on their bionomy and identification.
Social Implications, Environmental Sustainability and a Manifesto of Action: A Study of Pope Francis’ Laudato Si
Authors: Joel S John & Dr. Irona Bhaduri
Published: April 2024

Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si addresses the socio-economic implications of environmental degradation and advocates for transformative action to address the interconnected crises of climate change, biodiversity loss, and social injustice. This abstract presents a synthesis of the encyclical’s key themes and proposes a manifesto of action inspired by its call to care for our common home. This work underscores the intrinsic link between social and ecological concerns, highlighting how environmental degradation disproportionately impacts the poor and marginalized. The encyclical critiques the dominant paradigm of consumerism and unlimited growth, which prioritizes profit over people and perpetuates patterns of exploitation and inequality. Pope Francis calls for a radical shift in values and priorities, advocating for an integral ecology that recognizes the interdependence of all living beings and promotes the common good. Often regarded as a manifesto of action, Laudato Si proposes concrete steps to address the root causes of environmental degradation and social injustice. It calls for the implementation of policies that promote ecological integrity, equitable distribution of resources, and inclusive decision-making processes. It urges businesses to adopt sustainable practices and prioritize the well-being of workers and communities over short-term profits. It calls on individuals to reduce their ecological footprint, support sustainable alternatives, and advocate for systemic change
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF LEAF MINERS LIRIOMYZA SPP. (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE) ON SHALLOT CROPS BY TRAP CROPPING SYSTEM AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE
Authors:   Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia 94118., Saleh Shahabuddin , Anshary Alam ,   Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia 94118., Made Usman ,   Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia 94118.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Integrated pest management (IPM) has been recognized as the best solution to minimize the adverse effects of insecticides applied to farmland. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the trapping crop system (TCS) and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) against leaf miner, an important horticultural pest throughout the world including on shallot crops in Indonesia. In a factorial research design, cucumbers use in TCS was planted in three different pattern: one rows in the center; TC1, two rows in the middle; TC2, and one-row surroundings the shallot; TC3, while AM consists of two levels that are with (M1) and without AM (M2) application. The variables measured were: population and infestation of leaf miners as well as parasitism at the main and trap crops. The results showed that the leaf miners population was significantly reduced by TCS application but had no relation with AM. The leaf miners population decreased by about 40.1% at the TCS compared with the controls. However, the combination of TCS and AM reduced the leaf miner infestation by about 47.5% where TC3M1 showed the best treatment against leaf miners. Increasing of the parasitoids population and parasitism at the shallot and cucumbers as trap crops as well as the shallot resistance against leaf miner may explain the compatibility of TCS and MA to manage the pest. The study denoted the importance of IPM against shallot leaf miners to support sustainable farming system.
INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SIX MOROCCAN PLANTS AGAINST INSECT PESTS RHYZOPERTHA DOMINICA, SITOPHILUS ORYZAE AND TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM
Authors:   Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of sciences Ain Chock, Route d’El Jadida km 8, Maârif Casablanca, Marocco., Idouaarame Sabrine , Aniq Filali Ouafaa ,   Laboratory of Physiopathology Genetic Molecular and Biotechnology, Faculty of sciences Ain Chock, Route d’El Jadida km 8, Maârif Casablanca, Marocco., Elfarnini Maryama ,   Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environment, Faculty of sciences Ain Chock, Route d’El Jadida km 8, Maârif Casablanca, Marocco., Blaghen Mohamed ,   Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, El Jadida, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Six essential oils from Morrocan plants belonging to different botanical families (Lamiaceae, Pinaceae and Verbenaceae), were prepared by hydrodistillation. These essential oils from Morrocan plants, which have a long tradition in adjuvant therapy, were tested for insecticidal activity by the method of microcomputer-atmosphere against three major pests of stored products : Rhyzopertha dominica (F), Sitophilus oryzae (L) and Tribolium castaneum (herbst). The results obtained showed that the essential oils possessed highly significant insecticidal properties against the pests studied. R (+) pulegone, a monoterpene ketone and a major component of the essential oil of Mentha pulegium exhibited the highest insecticidal activity.
PATHOGENICITY OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA NUCLEOPOLYHEDRO VIRUS (HEARNPV) AND LECANICILLIUM SP. AGAINST HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA
Authors:   Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia., Ginting Sempurna , Santoso Teguh ,   Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia., Munara K Yayi ,   Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia., Anwar Ruly ,   Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia., Sudirman Lisdar I ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is an important pest of corn crops. Lecanicillium sp. and Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedro virus (HearNPV) are biological control agents that are safe for the environment. This study observed pathogenicity of HearNPV and Lecanicillium sp. against eggs and larvae H. armigera. The results showed that HearNPV application was not able to infect eggs, but the mortality effects of newly hatched larvae and second instars larvae at density of 107 was 100% and 90% respectively, while in mixed applications Lecanicillium sp. and HearNPV on eggs at 107 caused 17.5%, and eventually died were 100%. At 107 concentration with mixure of application (Lecanicillium sp. and HearNPV) mortality was only 26.25%. The value of LT50 in HearNPV application against H. armigera larvae was 2.03 days faster than that of mixed applications on 3.23 days. A conclusion statement HearNPV was more effective against H. armigera than mixed application (HearNPV and Lecanicillium sp.)
THE INTEGRATION EFFICACY OF FORMULATED ABAMECTIN, BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AND BACILLUS SUBTILIS FOR MANAGING MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA (KOFOID AND WHITE) CHITWOOD ON TOMATOES
Authors:   Agricultural Research Center, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, ElSabaheya, Alexandria, Egypt., Khalil Mohamed S , Abd El-Naby Shimaa S I ,   Agricultural Research Center, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, ElSabaheya, Alexandria, Egypt.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT A pot trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of formulated abamectin, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis alone or in combinations against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) development in tomato plants. Abamectin was the superior treatment which reduced galls and soil populations by 85.87 and 85.13%, respectively. The single treatments showed that the high rate of B. thuringiensis and / or B. subtilis recorded the highest reductions than the low rate. The single treatments of B. thuringiensis and B. subtilis gave reductions in galls ranged from 66.22 to 78.88%, and in soil populations ranged from 70.63 to 80.45%. Moreover, the binary mixtures of abamectin + B. thuringiensis recorded the highest reductions among mixtures in galls (85.20%) and soil populations (76.56%).On the other side, all the applied single treatments increased the tomato plant growth criteria over control. The binary blend of abamectin + B. thuringiensis recorded the highest augmentation in root length, root fresh weight and shoot fresh weight by 41.84, 49.58 and 56.72%, respectively.
MOLLUSCICIDAL TOXICITY OF ABAMECTIN AGAINST EOBANIA VERMICULATA AND THEBA PISANA IN VIVO AND THE ESTIMATION OF GABA-TRANSAMINASE ACTIVITY BY HPLC
Authors:   Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Plant Protection Institute, Alexandria, Egypt., Abdelgalil Gaber M , Abou Elnasr Hamza S ,   National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Central Laboratories Unit (CLU), Alexandria, Egypt., Khalil Mohamed S ,   Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Alexandria, Egypt., Abouhamer Mahmoud S ,   Research and Development Dep., chemical laboratory, Chemgalaxy co., Alexandria, Egypt., Osman Ahmed M ,   Research and Development Dep., chemical laboratory, Chemgalaxy co., Alexandria, Egypt., Abdallah El Sayed A M ,   Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Pesticides Chemistry and Technology (Elshatby) Alexandria University, Alexandria Egypt.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT The molluscicidal toxicity of abamectin against two economic snails namely, the brawn garden snail (Eobania vermiculata) and the white garden snail (Theba pisana), was established under in vivo conditions. Abamectin was used by the topical application technique. The mortality of snails was recorded after 24 and 72 hrs of exposure. The obtained results revealed that E. vermiculata was more resistant to abamectin than T. pisana. The LD50 for E. vermiculata after 24 and 72 hrs of exposure were 0.379 & 0.250 μg/ gm b.w, respectively. Whereas the LD50 for T. pisana were 0.199 and 0.125 μg/ gm b.w after 24 and 72 hrs of exposure, consecutively. On the other hand, the impact of abamectin upon GABA- Transaminase concentration was estimated in both snails. For the first time, the activity of GABA- T was estimated by HPLC. Abamectin has been assessed with 1/2, 1/5 and 1/10 of LD50 for 24 and 72 hrs of exposure. The most effective dose on GABA- T activity was 1/2 of LD50 after 24 and 72hrs of application for both snails.
IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM MIRABILIS JALAPA L. (CARYOPHYLLALES: NYCTAGINACEAE) EXTRACTS AS BIOPESTICIDES AND THEIR ACTIVITY AGAINST THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF SPODOPTERA LITURA F. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors:   Biology Education, Graduate School, State University of Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia., Maulina Dina , Bambang Sumitro Sutiman ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, East Java 65145, Indonesia., Amin Mohamad ,   Biology Education, Graduate School, State University of Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia., Rahayu Lestari Sri ,   Biology Education, Graduate School, State University of Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Dina Maulina1, 2,*, Sutiman Bambang Sumitro3 , Mohamad Amin 1, Sri Rahayu Lestari 1
POLYMORPHISM OF RHYNOCORIS MARGINATUS (FAB.) (HETEROPTERA : RUDUVIIDAE) ON THE BIOLOGY, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL POTENTIAL
Authors:   Crop protection Research Centre (CPRC), Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627012), Palayamkottai – 627 002, Tamil Nadu, India, G Petchidurai , R Chitra ,   Crop protection Research Centre (CPRC), Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627012), Palayamkottai – 627 002, Tamil Nadu, India, K Sahayaraj ,   Crop protection Research Centre (CPRC), Department of Zoology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627012), Palayamkottai – 627 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT To know the influence of polymorphism of Rhynocoris marginatus (Fab.) on the biology, biological control pontential and molecular profile were recorded in the following partners : N male + N female; N male + S female, N male + NS female, NS male + NS female and S + NS female under laboratory conditions. Offspring produced by the S + NS female partners developed quickly having minimum body weight and size and egg hatching percentage, maximum relative growth rate both in first instars and adults, maximum survival rate (82.5 ± 3.50%), male biased sex ratio (0.23). In general, the predatory rate was increased when the prey deprivation period increased from 24 hrs to 72 hrs, third instars to adults. Molecular analysis studies revealed that the total free amino acid was high in N adult morphs. No unique DNA sequence was observed among the morphs of R. marginatus. Among the polymorphic R. marginatus, N male + N female; N male + S female, N male + NS female, NS male + NS female and S + NS, approaching time was also decreased in the latter instars and adult, the biological control potential is highly observed in 96 hrs starved N+N adults showed minimum approaching time, handling time, and high predatory rate. Among the experimental morphs the weight gain was maximum in N+N and minimum weight gain was observed among the morphs of SNS. Minimum total nymphal developmental period, least body weight, survival rate were recorded among the offsprings produced by S+NS, NS+NS and N+NS partners.
INTEGRATED DISEASE MANAGEMENT OF CHILLI ANTHRACNOSE
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar–608 002, Tamil Nadu, India., V Jaiganesh , P Kiruthika ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar–608 002, Tamil Nadu, India., C Kannan ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar–608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT The present studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of bioprotectant, plant based chemical like Salicylic acid and silicon based nutrient Potassium silicate against the anthracnose or ripe fruit rot of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) incited by Colletotrichum capsici (Sydow.) Butler and Bisby in chilli var. K2. The chilli anthracnose disease susceptible variety Kovilpatti-2 (K2) grown in pots and field trial were used for the study. The plants were given artificial inoculation by spraying the spore suspensions after pinpricking the fruits with adequate spore load at 90-days after transplanting for fruit rot incidence assessment. The crop was maintained in a poly house with frequent spraying of water to provide adequate moisture and relative humidity to enable successful infection by the pathogen. Three replications for each treatment and a control were maintained. The fungicide mancozeb @ 0.25 per cent was used for comparison and the standard agronomic practices as recommended by the State Agricultural Department were followed. The plant activator and silicon-based nutrient were sprayed as individual as well as combined approach manner. Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds in all the treatments except comparison fungicide and control treatments. Among the various treatments, seed treatment with Bio protectant, foliar application of Salicylic acid @ 50 ppm on 40 days after transplanting (40 DAT) and foliar application of Potassium silicate @ 3 % on 60 DAT recorded the minimum disease incidence and increased fruit length, fruit weight, fruit per plant, branches per plant, plant height and germination percentage when compared to control and Comparison fungicide Mancozeb. The activity of plant defense enzymes like Peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase increased up to 5th day of sampling in plants treated with Bio-protectant, resistance inducing chemical along with potassium silicate and challenged inoculated with the test pathogen. Also, the same treatment significantly decreased the disease severity and increased the growth and yield parameters when compared to control and comparison fungicide under the field trials.
EVALUATION OF ANTAGONISTIC MICROBES AGAINST PEDUNCLE BLIGHT CAUSED BY LASIODIPLODIA THEOBROMAE (PAT.) GRIFFON & MAUBL IN TUBEROSE
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India., A Muthukumar , T Suthin Raj ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India., R Udhayakumar ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India., R Naveenkumar ,   Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT The effects of eight native bacterial isolates were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit the growth of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the causal agent of peduncle blight of tuberose. The studies revealed that Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFC-I8) and Bacillus subtilis (BSC-I1) showed the highest inhibition of mycelial growth of (70.60%; 66.41%, respectively) L. theobromae. Both the antagonists were compatible with each other and they were tested alone and together in vivo for the control of L. theobromae. The combined application of P. fluorescens + B. subtilis (T6) through bulb treatment followed by soil and foliar application recorded minimum incidence of peduncle blight and maximum plant growth and flower yield.
PLANT INFUSIONS MEDIATE OVIPOSITION OF MALARIA, DENGUE AND FILARIASIS VECTORS: PUSH-PULL APPROACH FOR VECTOR SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL
Authors:   Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, M.P. India, T Seenivasagan , A Sharma ,   Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, M.P. India, R Yadav ,   Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, M.P. India, V Tyagi ,   Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, M.P. India, R Singh ,   Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, M.P. India, D Sukumaran ,   Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, M.P. India
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Semiochemicals are small organic compounds that mediate interactions between organisms by transmitting chemical messages. They are used by insects for intra- and inter-species communication in their ecosystem. Mosquitoes transmit malaria, dengue, West Nile virus, chikungunya, yellow fever, filariasis and encephalitis to human beings across the globe. Mosquitoes perceive semiochemicals in their environment respectively emanating from potential hosts and habitats by the sensory apparatus and act wisely for the benefit of their progeny. Host seeking and/ avoidance, oviposition site seeking behaviors are governed predominantly by chemical stimuli along with visual cues that ensure blood feeding and subsequent egg laying to complete the gonotrophic cycle. Further, plant materials such as neem, tobacco and their infusions are naturally repulsive to mosquitoes while infusions of Bermuda grass could be a promising avenue for exploring natural attractant molecules using gas-chromatography coupled massspectrometry to identify biologically active molecules. In the laboratory studies one week old infusions of neem seed kernel and dried tobacco leaves reduced 90-97% egg deposition by gravid females of Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, while oviposition substrates treated with one week old infusion of Bermuda grass, Cynodan dactylon received 40-60% increased egg laying compared to control. Through GC-MS analysis of these plant materials revealed several fatty acids, hydrocarbons, nicotine, thymol, ethyl dithioisoindole, -lactone, -elemene, squalene, eudesmenol and stigmasterol that could be responsible for the attraction and repulsion of mosquitoes to respective extracts. Being biological in origin, these semiochemicals are safe to humans and environment, when judiciously used would manage effectively the mosquito menace and mosquito borne diseases.
BIOPESTICIDAL POTENTIALS OF PLANTS EXTRACTS AGAINST COCHLIOBOLUS LUNATUS R.R. NELSON & F.A. HAASIS. ANAMORPH: CURVULARIA LUNATUS (WAKKER) BOEDGIN
Authors:   Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, E M Ilondu
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Ethanolic extracts of leaves of Chromolaena odorata, Emilia sonchifolia and Tridax procumbens were evaluated for their bioactivity potentials on Cochliobolus lunatus under in-vitro condtions. To determine their bioactivity, food poisoning technique using Potato Dextrose Agar medium at concentrations of 0 to 80 mg/ml was used. Tested plant extracts significantly (P<0.05) suppressed the mycelia growth of C. lunatus with minimum inhibitory concentration of extracts as: T. procumbent (64mg/mL), E. sonchifolia (72mg/mL) and C. odonata (80mg/mL). Among the plants tested, the lowest and highest extract concentrations from leaves of T. procumbens were superior to the other extracts in its inhibitory activity. The extracts were also tested for the presence of various phytochemicals reveals the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids and steroids.Totally, 8 compounds among which are Caryophyllene oxide (22.16%), Ethyl isoallocholate (20.36%), Estra-1, 3, 5(10)-trien 17, beta-ol (15.03%) and Naphthalene, decahydro-4a-methyl-1- (11.18%) were identified in C. odorata; 9 compounds among which are Phytol (27.41%), Squalene (18.68%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (17.30%) and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z,Z,Z)- (15.55%) were identified in E. sonchifolia and 13 compound which include Phytol (22.87%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (15.25%), Cyclohexene,1-methyl -4- (1-methylethyl)- (14.34%) and 1,5,9,-Decatriene, 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl (10.37%) identified from T. procumbens through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of extracts. Phytol was the most abundant constituent in both E. sonchifolia (27.41%) and T. procumbens (22.87%) with Canyophyllene oxide (22.16%) in C. odorata. The portrayed potentials of these extracts indicated that they could be excellent candidates to be harnessed in the biosafety formulation of biopesticides for the control of plant diseases incited by Cochliobolus lunatus.
PREDATION EFFICIENCY AND LIFE CYCLE OF PENTATOMID BUG,EOCANTHECONA FURCELLATA (WOLFF.) ON THE BRINJAL PEST, HENOSEPILACHNA VIGINTIOCTOPUNCTATA.
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College/University of Madras, Chennai-59, Tamil Nadu, India, L Kalaiyarasi , A R Livingstone ,   Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College/University of Madras, Chennai-59, Tamil Nadu, India, S Pavithra ,   Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College/University of Madras, Chennai-59, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata is one of the most serious pests of brinjal crop. A predatory stink bug, Eocanthecona furcellata were identified in the field and evaluated against different immature stages of the pest population under laboratory condition. The predatory potential of thenymphs was tested which revealed that among all the life stages, the E. furcellatanymphs prefer the larval stage followed by pupal and egg stages. In addition, the life cycle duration of the nymphs reared on four different larval stages ofH.vigintioctopunctata showed that, predation rate occurs based on the prey size. The nymphs that were fed with third and fourth instars had lowest predation rate but showed similar developmental duration as in control than first and second instars. A significant difference has also been observed between all the treatments (p≤0.05). Moreover, a nymph can feed on an average of 127.33 first instars during its nymphal period. From this study, we conclude that E. furcellata had high predatory potential against the pest, H. vigintioctopunctata to be mass reared and utilized as a bio control agent.
BIOEFFICACY OF WETTABLE POWDER FORMULATION OF NATIVE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS ISOLATE AGAINST MAJOR LEPIDOPTERAN PESTS IN THE LABORATORY
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi TQ. Shahapur, Dist: Yadagiri, Karnataka, India, Pin-585287,, Saroja Saroja , Kalmath Basavaraj ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi TQ. Shahapur, Dist: Yadagiri, Karnataka, India, Pin-585287,, Prabhuraj Prabhuraj ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi TQ. Shahapur, Dist: Yadagiri, Karnataka, India, Pin-585287,
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Biofilm based antagonists were evaluated for growth promotion and soil borne disease The bioefficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) Cry proteins in filed condition can be improved by developing formulation. In the presence study, we have developed and evaluated native Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolate for the pathogenic activity against major lepidopteran pests viz., Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella. The bioassay of the Bacillus thuringiensis crystal spore mixture against H. armigera registered 36.67 to 96.67 per cent mortality at 120 h after feeding. Reference strain HD1 showed highest mortality of 100 per cent. Lyophilized native B. thuringiensis (BGC-1) and B. thuringiensis (HD-1) were tested against H. armigera, recorded mortality ranging from 16.67 to 96.67 per cent. The LC50 value of B. thuringiensis (BGC-1) and B. thuringiensis (HD-1) were 6.08 and 9.18 ng/ml respectively. Bioefficacy of WP formulations of BGC-1 and HD-1 were recorded ranging from 32.50 to 95.00 and 35.00 to 97.50 percent mortality respectively at different concentration. The same WP formulation was also tested against S. litura and P. xylostella, recorded 87.50 and 95.00 per cent mortality for S. litura and P. xylostella, respectively. The study concludes that native isolate BGC-1 was found to be promising against major lepidopteran pests.
INFLUENCE OF SEED BIOPRIMING WITH DIFFERENT ISOLATES OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS ON THE GROWTH OF PADDY
Authors:   1Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144 411, India, Tomer Ajay , Singh Ramji ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Sardar Vallabhbhi Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250 110, India, Prasad Durga ,   Department of Plant Pathology, Buat Banda UP, India, Kumar Singh Saurabh ,   Department of Horticulture, Janta Vedic College, Baraut-250 611, India.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Many strains of the Pseudomonas fluorescens have been characterized as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and they enhance the growth and yield of economical important paddy crops. The effect of bio-priming on paddy paddy seed growth was assessed at Crop Research Centre S.V.B.P.A.&T Meerut India by studying the effect of fluorescent Pseudomonas strains for their growth stimulatory effect on paddy plants in Randomized Block Design (RBD) in pot conditions. A total of nineteen isolates of the rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens were selected from the fields of paddy, wheat, mustard, chilli, sorghum and pearlmillet and these strains were used as bio-priming agents for paddy paddy seed. The highest increase in shoot dry weight was seen in the isolate Pseudomonas fluorescens SVP 12 followed by SVP 11 and SVP 13 with 93.33, 86.67 and 80 per cent enhancement in shoot dry weight. All isolates of P. fluorecens, when applied as seed biopriming of paddy paddy seed, had some stimulatory effect on growth and physiological parameters of treated plants indicating that such strains could be use for enhancing the yield and quality of paddy paddy crop.
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF O2 AND CO2 GASES AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PULSE BEETLE CALLASOBRUCHUS ANALIS (FABRICIUS) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) IN CHICKPEA
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur584102, Karnataka, India., Shivaraja D B , Mekali Jayashree ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur584102, Karnataka, India., Naganagoud A ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur584102, Karnataka, India., Sreenivas A G ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur584102, Karnataka, India., Kapasi Mahantesh ,   Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur584102, Karnataka, India.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Studies on the management of pulse bruchid, Callasobruchus analis (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under modified atmospheric condition was undertaken at the College of Agriculture, Raichur, Karnataka during 2010-11. Change in gas concentration was measured and there was gradual depletion of O2 and increase of CO2. This was mainly due to respiration of insects and grains during storage. There was no change in O2 and CO2 gas concentration where there was no O2 hence there was no scope for insects as well as grains for respiration. The CO2 concentrations of 15 and 20 per cent exposed for 45 days gave cent per cent mortality of insects; no adults survived at that concentration. Further, there was no adult emergence thereby egg laying and mass loss (%) were also nil.
EF FECTIVENESS OF THREE INTRODUCED ENCYR TID PARASITIC WASPS (ACEROPHAGUS PAPAYAE, ANAGYRUS LOECKI AND PSEUDLEPTOMASTIX MEXICANA) AGAINST PAPAYA MEALYBUG, PARACOCCUS MARGINATUS, INFESTING MULBERRY IN TAMIL NADU
Authors:   Research Extension Center, Central Silk Board (CSB), Inam Karisal Kulam (Post), Srivilliputtur – 626 125, Tamil Nadu, India, Sakthivel N
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Three exotic encyrtid parasitoids viz., Acerophagus papayae, Anagyrus loecki and Pseudleptomastix mexicana, introduced in India during 2010 under the classical biological control programme against an outbreak of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus, an alien polyphagous pest, were evaluated on mulberry in Tamil Nadu. The nucleus culture of these three parasitoids were received from National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore, mass multiplied and released in mulberry gardens severely infested by papaya mealybug in 6 locations, 3 each at Virudunagar and Tirunelveli districts of Tamil Nadu @ 200 individuals per location during November 2010. An average of 10.4% parasitism and 9.7% reduction in papaya mealybug population was noticed a month after release of parasitoids and the population of the papaya mealybug was decreased gradually corresponding to the increase in percent parasitism @ 2, 3, 4 and 5th months. The population of papaya mealybug from the mulberry garden was almost completely eliminated with 96.6% at 6th month corresponding to 72.2% parasitism. Among the parasitoids released, the highest proliferation and field activity was observed in the case of A. papayae, which accounted for 75.6 – 81.7% parasitization followed by P. mexicana (9.3-24.4%) whereas A. loecki registered comparatively very poor performance (0.7-9.0 %) and its field recovery was not found 4 month after release in mulberry ecosystem of Tamil Nadu, India.
SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF MIXED EXTRACTS OF BRUCEA JAVANICA (SIMAROUBACEAE), PIPER ADUNCUM (PIPERACEAE), AND TEPHROSIA VOGELII (LEGUMINOSAE) AGAINST CABBAGE HEAD CATERPILLAR, CROCIDOLOMIA PAVONANA
Authors:   Departement of Plant Pests and Diseases, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia, Lina Eka Candra , Dadang  ,   Department of Plant Protections, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia, Manuwoto Syafrida ,   Department of Plant Protections, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia, Syahbirin Gustini ,   Departement of Chemistry, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia, Prijono Djoko ,   Department of Plant Protections, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Extracts seeds, fruits, and leaves of Brucea javanica, Piper aduncum, and Tephrosia vogelii were tested separately and also in mixture (3:2.5:1) in the laboratory for their insecticidal activity against the cabbage head caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana. B. javanica, P. aduncum, and T. vogelii plant materials were extracted with ethyl acetate-methanol (9:1), ethyl acetate, and ethyl acetate respectively by using maceration method. Insecticidal bioassays were done by a leaf-residue feeding method. Second-instar larvae C. pavonana were fed extracttreated broccoli leaves for 48 hrs and then were presented untreated leaves until the surviving larvae reached the fourth-instar stage. Larval mortality was assessed at 5 days after treatment, and the data analyzed by the probit method. The results showed that larval mortality started at first day treatment and increased at second day’s treatment. After changing with untreated leaves the mortality decreased significantly. Based on LC50 and LC95 values, T. vogelii leaf extract was more toxic (LC50= 0.06%, LC95= 0.12%)than P. aduncum fruit extract (LC50= 0.24%, LC95=0.32%) and B. javanica seed extract (LC50=0.17%, LC95=0.41%). Based on value of LC50 (0.03%) and LC95 (0.05%), the toxicity of a mixture of B. javanica, P. aduncum, and T. vogelii extract (3:2.5:1) against C. pavonana larvae was very toxic. Based on the combination index according to the independent joint action model, the extract mixture had a strongly synergistic joint action against C. pavonana larvae, at level LC50 and LC95, with a combination index of 0.225 and 0.190. The mixture extract worked better than each single extract against C. pavonana.
LESSER MEALWORM, ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS (PANZER, 1797) (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) MENACE IN POULTRY FARMS IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors:   P. G. & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College, Devagiri, Calicut-8, Kerala, India., Arunraj C , Thomas Sabu K ,   P. G. & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College, Devagiri, Calicut-8, Kerala, India., Nirdev P M ,   P. G. & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College, Devagiri, Calicut-8, Kerala, India.
Published: April 2024

Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), commonly known as the ‘lesser mealworm’, a major insect pest in the poultry industry and a premise pest in grain storage is of importance as an avian disease vector due to its capability of transmitting avian diseases. The present work reports presence of A. diaperinus in poultry manure and poultry houses in south India. Review reveals development of insecticide resistance and bioaccumulation of insecticide residue in poultry meat in addition to the health hazards that makes control with insecticides undesirable. Our analysis revealed that keeping the litter in open areas in agricultural fields did not lead to death of the beetle instead it serves as a potential source of dispersal and reinfestation.
MANAGEMENT OF ROOT AND BULB ROT OF GARLIC
Authors:   Vegetable Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh.Gujarat-362001, India., Kanzaria M V , Bharadiya A M ,   Vegetable Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh.Gujarat-362001, India., Kalasariya R L ,   Vegetable Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh.Gujarat-362001, India., Talaviya J R ,   Vegetable Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh.Gujarat-362001, India.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important vegetable crop grown all over India. Its productivity is quite low and the crop is known to suffer from several diseases. Among them, root and bulb rot is animportant one. It causes severe damage to the crop, particularly in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Hence the present investigation was carried out to find out best management of the disease. Amongdifferent treatments, the highest bulb yield 7778 kg/ha and the lowest disease incidence 7.39 % wereobserved in seed treatment of Trichodermaharzianum @ 30 g/kg seed + soil application of T. harzianum @ 2.5 kg in 500 kg FYM/ha + drenching with T. harzianum @ 5 g/lit at 15 DAS.
EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT INSECTICIDES AGAINST SITOPHILUS ORYZAE LINN. IN STOREDWHEAT SEED
Authors:   Department of Entomology, UttarakhandUniversity of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal -246123, Uttarakhand, India, Chandra Mishra Rajanish , Kumar Pandey Rohit ,   Department of Entomology, Narendra DevaUniversity of Agriculture and Technology, Narender Nager (Kumarganj), Faizabad -224 229, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Seven insecticides, viz., neem seed kernel powder (NSKP), neem cake, dry neem leaf powder (all at 10 g/kg), neem oil (10 mL/kg), nimbecidine (5 and 10 mL/kg) and deltamethrin (Decis 2.5 WP; 40mg/kg) were evaluated as seed protectant against Sitophilus oryzae L. in stored wheat seed (HUW234). In a sample size of two kg in gunny bags, adult were released at the rate of 10 pairs/bag andbags were stored at room temperature. Observation on number of live adults was recorded after 3, 6and 9 months of storage. The deltamethrin (Decis 2.5 WP; 40 mg/kg) was found most effectivetreatment followed by neem India, at higher and lower doses, nimbecidine at higher and lower dose, neem oil, neem cake, dry neem leaf powder and NSKP treatments.
SYNERGISTIC AND INDIVIDUAL EFFICACY OF CERTAIN PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINSTDENGUE VECTOR MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI.
Authors:   Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004, India, Yankanchi S R , Yadav Omkar V ,   Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004, India, Jadhav Ganesh S ,   Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur-416 004, India
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting pathogens of many diseases such as malaria, filariasis, dengue haemorrhagic fever and chikunguinya than any other group of arthropods. The present studywas undertaken to evaluate larvicidal efficacy of Vitex negundo, Clerodendrum inerme andGliricidia sepium individually and synergistic activities combined with Pongamia glabra seedextract against early fourth instar dengue vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti. In the acute toxicity tests against the early fourth instar A. aegypti larval mortality increased with increased concentrations of the extract. The results revealed that, C. inerme found to be more toxic plant when testedindividually. The maximum synergistic activities were found in the combination extracts of V. negundo with P. glabra (50: 50). These results are significantly effective than the combinationextract ratio of C. inerme with P. glabra (50:50) and G. sepium with P. glabra (50:50) followed byother combinations with concentrations. The results of study revealed that Vitex negundo, Clerodendrum inerme plant leaves individual and/or combinations with extracts of P. glabra can beused as potent source of natural mosquito larvicidal agent.
BIOCIDAL ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN INDIGENOUS PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST RED SPIDERMITE, OLIGONYCHUS COFFEAE (NIETNER) INFESTING TEA
Authors:   Entomology Division, UPASI Tea ResearchFoundation, Tea Research Institute, Nirar Dam PO, Valparai- 642 127, Tamil Nadu, India, Radhakrishnan B , Prabhakaran P ,   Entomology Division, UPASI Tea ResearchFoundation, Tea Research Institute, Nirar Dam PO, Valparai- 642 127, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: April 2024

Red spider mite (RSM), Oligonychus coffeae is one of the major pests of tea in south Indian teaplantations. The modern usages of various synthetic chemicals for the control of this pest lead tovarious environmental concerns. Botanical insecticides have long been touted as an attractivealternative strategy for pest management because botanicals reputedly pose little threat to theenvironment or to human health. The commonly available weeds such as, Ageratum houstonianum, Allamanda catharitica, Bidens pilosa, Casuarina equisetifolia, Conyza bonariensis, Crassocephalumcrepidioides, Gliricidia sepium, Lantana camara, Ocimum basilicum and Tithonia diversifoila foundin tea plantations were collected and evaluated for their efficacy against RSM under laboratorycondition. The extracts were evaluated for adulticide and ovicidal activity at two different concentrations viz., 2.5 and 5.0%. Among the plants, the aqueous extractsof A.catharitica and C. bonariensis showed 100.0 % and 80.0 % adult mortality respectively at 5% concentration after 96 hof observation. The remaining plants show moderate effect on RSM. Ovicidal activity was less pronounced among the plant extracts.