bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Fault Activation under the Influence of Coal Roadway Driving
Authors: Wang Pengbo , Hu Jie , Lv Guichun , Guo Jingyuan , Xiao Qiao
Published: July 2024

To investigate the impact of coal roadway excavation on the fault activity, this study examined the acoustic emission (AE) count, energy characteristics, and evolution of the AE b‐value during the tunneling process across a fault by utilizing field data from the KSA outburst early warning system and applying the Gutenberg–Richter (G‐R) law. The results showed the following. In terms of the time span, the AE count and energy showed trends of first increasing and then decreasing during the excavation of a coal roadway through a fault. AE events as the driving face passed through the fault conformed to the G‐R law. A lower b‐value corresponded to a higher frequency of high‐energy events, indicating a more pronounced disturbance of the driving face on the fault. There was a continuous increase in the energy release from the fault and an escalating level of hazard associated with the driving face. The variation of the b‐value during the passage of the driving face across the fault could be delineated into three distinct stages, namely, a fluctuation stage, a decline stage, and a recovery stage. In the fluctuation stage, the driving work exerted minimal influence on the fault behavior. The decline stage represented the most active phase for fault activity, with a heightened risk to the driving face. Finally, in the recovery stage, as the distance between the driving face and the fault increased, there was a gradual reduction in the impact of the fault activity on the working face operations.
Efficacy of Experimental Propolis‐Based Toothpastes on Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Takeuchi Elma Vieira , Pingarilho Carneiro Alexandra Melo , Freitas de Paula Brennda Lucy , Pimentel de Oliveira Roberta , Oliveira Barros Antônia Patricia , Silva Cecy Martins
Published: July 2024

Background. Propolis is a natural bee product that has garnered attention due to its harmlessness and numerous beneficial biological properties. This randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial aimed to assess the effect of toothpastes containing different concentrations of propolis (10% and 15%) on the control of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Methods. From adults aged 18–40 years with DH, 66 teeth were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups as follows (n = 22): control (toothpaste without active ingredient), 10% propolis toothpaste, and 15% propolis toothpaste. DH was assessed thrice (baseline and 15 and 30 days after treatment) by tactile and evaporative stimuli using the visual analog scale. Data were analyzed using Friedman and Kruskal–Wallis tests. A significance level of 5% was used in all analyses. Results. All the groups showed a reduction in DH during the study (p < 0.05). The experimental groups (10% and 15% propolis) showed significantly greater reduction in DH than the control group (p < 0.05) after 30 days of treatment; however, the experimental groups displayed similar results (p > 0.05). Conclusion. Toothpastes containing propolis at concentrations of 10% and 15% were equally effective in controlling DH, regardless of their concentration. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with NCT05083052. Date of registration: 19/10/2021.
Antiemetic Efficacy and Safety of Palonosetron on Days 1 and 5 with Aprepitant and Dexamethasone during Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Patients with Germ Cell Tumor: A Prospective Study
Authors: Fukuta Fumimasa , Kitamura Hiroshi , Hotta Hiroshi , Itoh Naoki , Okada Manabu , Shindo Tetsuya , Kyoda Yuki , Hashimoto Kohei , Kobayashi Ko , Tanaka Toshiaki , Masumori Naoya
Published: July 2024

Objective. BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin) chemotherapy is a standard regimen for germ cell tumors (GCTs); however, their high emetogenicity is problematic. The control of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is crucial to complete the treatment. We conducted this study to explore the efficacy and safety of antiemetic therapy with dexamethasone and aprepitant for 5 days in combination with palonosetron 0.75 mg on days 1 and 5 in BEP. Methods. This open‐label single‐arm study was prospectively conducted in 4 hospitals. Chemotherapy‐naïve men with GCT who were scheduled to receive the BEP regimen were eligible. The primary endpoint was the complete response (CR) rate of CINV. Results. A total of 19 patients were enrolled. Overall, 16 (84.2%) patients experienced some nausea, whereas only 4 (21.1%) patients had grade 1 emetic events. Overall CR of CINV was achieved in 9 (47.4%) patients. Although 14 (73.7%) patients experienced 22 adverse events after palonosetron administration, severe adverse events (grade 3 or more) attributable to it did not occur. Conclusion. The results suggest that aprepitant, palonosetron, and dexamethasone antiemetic therapy for patients with GCT receiving BEP is safe, whereas the efficacy of additional palonosetron administration on day 5 for prevention of delayed CINV remains unclear. This trial is registered with UMIN000008110.
Supplementary Methods from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Supplementary Methods and Full clinical information of the four children
Supplementary Figure S9 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Representation of somatic alterations of the two tumors of case 3.
Supplementary Figure S8 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

SMARCB1 null cells identified in normal tissues of case 3.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Identification of somatic mutations shared between the two tumors and 10 normaltissues of case 3.
Supplementary Figure S11 from Origins of Second Malignancies in Children and Mutational Footprint of Chemotherapy in Normal Tissues
Authors: Sánchez-Guixé Mònica , Muiños Ferran , Pinheiro-Santin Morena , González-Huici Víctor , Rodriguez-Hernandez Carlos J. , Avgustinova Alexandra , Lavarino Cinzia , González-Pérez Abel , Mora Jaume , López-Bigas Núria
Published: July 2024

Mutational profiles of the samples sequenced with Duplex Sequencing.
Supplementary Table 1 from Exploration of Immune-Modulatory Effects of Amivantamab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Sun M. , Kang Seong-san , Kim Dong K. , Lee Soo-Hwan , Synn Chun-Bong , Baek Sujeong , Yang Seung M. , Han Yu J. , Kim Mi H. , Han Heekyung , Na Kwangmin , Kim Young T. , Yun Mi R. , Kim Jae H. , Byeon Youngseon , Kim Young S. , Lee Jii B. , Hong Min H. , Curtin Joshua C. , Patel Bharvin , Bergiers Isabelle , Pyo Kyoung-Ho , Cho Byoung C.
Published: July 2024

This table entails staining panels of antibodies used for flow cytometry analysis of PDX tumor samples.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Exploration of Immune-Modulatory Effects of Amivantamab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Sun M. , Kang Seong-san , Kim Dong K. , Lee Soo-Hwan , Synn Chun-Bong , Baek Sujeong , Yang Seung M. , Han Yu J. , Kim Mi H. , Han Heekyung , Na Kwangmin , Kim Young T. , Yun Mi R. , Kim Jae H. , Byeon Youngseon , Kim Young S. , Lee Jii B. , Hong Min H. , Curtin Joshua C. , Patel Bharvin , Bergiers Isabelle , Pyo Kyoung-Ho , Cho Byoung C.
Published: July 2024

Figure S3 shows the gating strategy for M panel in immune profiling analysis.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Exploration of Immune-Modulatory Effects of Amivantamab in Combination with Pembrolizumab in Lung and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lim Sun M. , Kang Seong-san , Kim Dong K. , Lee Soo-Hwan , Synn Chun-Bong , Baek Sujeong , Yang Seung M. , Han Yu J. , Kim Mi H. , Han Heekyung , Na Kwangmin , Kim Young T. , Yun Mi R. , Kim Jae H. , Byeon Youngseon , Kim Young S. , Lee Jii B. , Hong Min H. , Curtin Joshua C. , Patel Bharvin , Bergiers Isabelle , Pyo Kyoung-Ho , Cho Byoung C.
Published: July 2024

This figure entails the selection of HNSCC and LUSC PDX model based on the H-score of EGFR and MET.
Synthesis of Nanoflowers using Garcinia gummi-gutta Leaf Extract via Green Route for Enhanced Antifungal and Anti-cancerous Activities
Authors: Kurian Jissa Theresa ,   Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Bangalore-560029, Karnataka, India, Sebastian , Joseph Kadanthottu ,   Department of Life Sciences, Christ University, Bangalore-560029, Karnataka, India
Published: July 2024

Due to its envisaged relevance in nanomedicine and materials research, the bio-engineering of nanoparticles (NPs) is becoming progressively more promising. Compared to physical and chemical processes, green synthesis produces NPs that are less hazardous to the environment. The usage of phytochemicals in Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) leaf extract (GGL) in the bio-reduction of GGL-Ag NPs with potential antifungal and anti-cancerous activities was the main focus of the current study. UV-vis spectrophotometry at 442 nm verified the synthesized GGL-Ag NPs. The average diameters of the synthesized GGL-Ag NPs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM and zeta-sizer studies to be 166.69 nm and 148.2 nm, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) examinations of the GGL-Ag NPs confirmed the crystalline nature and the elemental constitution of the NPs. Additionally, the synthesized GGL-Ag NPs' FTIR spectra demonstrated the presence of Phyto components acting as capping agents. Zeta potential measurements (-26.2± 4.13 mV) authenticated the stability of the synthesized GGL-Ag NPs. Antimicrobial activity testing of the GGL-Ag NPs demonstrated considerable suppression against Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans at a dose of 100 µg/ml and 60 µg/ml. Additionally, the synthesized GGL-Ag NPs have demonstrated considerable cytotoxic effects on the Hep-G2 cell line. The current study results show that GGL- Ag NPs may be produced at a low cost and with minimal environmental impact for nanobiotechnology and biomedicine usage.
Different Mangrove Rehabilitation Statuses Effects to Benthic Bacterial Structure Community in the Northern Area of Java Island
Authors: Vidayanti Viky ,   Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145,  Indonesia, Retnaningdyah Catur , Mustafa Irfan , Oktaviani Indah ,   Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145,  Indonesia,   Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145,  Indonesia,   Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), South Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

The study proposed identifying the changes in bacterial community and diversity and exploring the potential correlations among sediment parameters and benthic bacterial communities under different mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation statuses. Three sites were investigated, 1. Kampung Blekok (KB) as the long rehabilitation period site; 2. Banyuurip Mangrove Center (BMC) as the short rehabilitation period site; 3. Pulau Lusi (PL) as the reclamation site. The physicochemical parameters and benthic bacteria from the mangrove sediment of the three locations were observed. The data were analyzed statistically to determine the sites' variation and the correlation between parameters. The results found that the physicochemical parameters among restoration sites varied. Soil organic matter (SOM) in long and short-rehabilitation period sites was more than 1.5-fold higher than those in the reclamation site. Cation exchange capacity (CEC), calcium and potassium ions, and soil conductivity of the restoration site have higher values and can reach more than 1.3 fold compared to the other sites. According to diversity indices and taxa richness, benthic bacteria in the restoration were the most diverse. Proteobacteria dominated in natural and restoration sites; meanwhile, Firmicutes dominated in the reclamation site. Sulfurovum aggregans were found abundant in the long and short rehabilitation sites; meanwhile, Mesobacillus subterraneus was the dominant species in the reclamation site. Furthermore, the bacterial taxa richness was positively correlated with SOM and the bacterial diversity was correlated with CEC and conductivity.
Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Activities of Polyphenolic Extract of Pyrus communis Leaf in Carbon tetrachloride–Treated Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Didunyemi Oluwafemi Moses ,   Department of Chemical Science, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology (OAUSTECH), Okitipupa 350105, Nigeria, Olasehinde Oluwaseun Ruth ,   Medical Biochemistry Department, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti (ABUAD), 36101, Nigeria
Published: July 2024

Polyphenols are active plant compounds that are reportedly capable of eliminating or limiting the deleterious side effects of free radicals and consequently restoring the functional integrity of important organs such as the liver. This study investigated the liver-protecting and antioxidant activities of PEP.c (Polyphenol leaf extract of Pyrus communis) against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Liver damage was induced via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 1.5 mL/kg body weight (b.w.) of 50% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in olive oil on the 7th day of extract/drug administration. In-duction of CCl4 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the activities of serum gam-ma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the serum level of total protein and the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione in the liver tissue with a concomitant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Oral administration of PEP.c (50, 100, and 250 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 days, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the elevated serum levels of serum GGT, AST, ALT, ALP and increased the level of total protein as compared to CCl4-induced hepatotoxic-untreated group. However, administration of PEP.c significantly (P < 0.05) decreased concentration of malondialdehyde and increased the activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as enhanced glutathione (GSH) level in the liver tissue. Results were compared to N-acetylcysteine, a known liver-protecting agent. Results from histopathological evaluation also supported the hepatoprotective-city of PEP.c in the CCl4-induced albino Wistar rats. The results of this study suggested that PEP.c can be used as a safe and alternative drug for the prevention and management of liver injury.
Allometry and condition factor of Faunus ater (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) from An Estuarine Habitat of Kerala, Southern India
Authors: Nair Rajendran Akhil ,   Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College Kollam (Affiliated to University of Kerala), Kerala 691001,  India, Jisha Sasidharan , Hari Bharathan ,   Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College Kollam (Affiliated to University of Kerala), Kerala 691001,  India,   Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College Kollam (Affiliated to University of Kerala), Kerala 691001,  India
Published: July 2024

Faunus ater is a pachychilid gastropod known to inhabit brackish water habi-tats of Western Indo-Pacific countries. This study aimed to analyse the mor-phometric relationships and condition factor of F. ater collected from the Eda-va-Nadayara brackish water lake of Kerala, India. Hydrographic parameters of sampling stations were recorded. A total of 1,522 specimens were collected every month from March 2019 to February 2020. The mean values recorded for total length, shell width, body whorl length, opercular length, opercular width, and total weight were 45.38±13.44 mm, 14.47±3.88 mm, 20.81±5.83 mm, 7.71±3.08 mm, 4.62±1.62 mm, and 6.97±3.72 g, respectively. The length-weight relation was obtained as Log W= -1.005+2.871 Log L. The b value (<3) indicated a negative allometric growth of the organism. Regression analysis of other morphometric measurements also showed a positive correla-tion (P<0.001). The analysis of Fulton’s condition factor indicated a state of well-being of F. ater in this habitat, with condition factors ranging from 5.87 to 6.99 spatially and 5.48 to 7.00 temporally. This study provides the first detailed investigation of morphometric relationships and condition factors in F. ater.
Diretrizes para apresentação de dissertações e teses da USP: parte I (ABNT) 5.ed
Authors: Funaro Vânia Martins Bueno de Oliveira ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia, Aguiar Giseli Adornato de , Laet Maria Aparecida ,   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Relações Internacionais,   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
Published: July 2024

Esta obra "Diretrizes para apesentação de Dissertações e Teses da USP" é a versão atualizada e composta por quatro partes distintas, elaboradas de acordo com padrões da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), da International Organization for Standardization (ISO), American Psychological Association (APA) e Vancouver Style. Trata-se da 5ª edição revisada, ampliada e modificada das Diretrizes, de acordo com as normas ABNT atualizadas.
Sycetta papillata sp. nov. (Porifera, Calcarea): the first record of Sycetta to the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: MATTEDI ALICE , CAVALCANTI FERNANDA F.
Published: July 2024

Sycetta is a poorly known genus of calcareous sponges, primarily distinguished by the presence of tubes (the choanocyte chambers) radially organized around the atrial cavity and completely separated from each other. These tubes, referred to as conical diverticula or more aptly as papillae, impart a distinctive appearance to the external morphology of the sponges. Herein, we present the description of Sycetta papillata sp. nov., based on the examination of specimens collected several decades ago in the state of Bahia, located in Northeastern Brazil. The presence of a single category of diactines and atrial region formed exclusively by tetractines makes this species unique within the genus. While some species of Sycetta have been documented in deep regions, exceeding depths of 200 meters, the distribution range of S. papillata sp. nov. spans from 0.5 to 25 meters in depth. A comparative table of Sycetta species is being provided.
New data on distribution of Phoenicurusia transcaucasicus (Miller, 1923) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) with description of a new subspecies from Iran
Authors: KRUPITSKY ANATOLY V. , NADERI ALIREZA , HAGEN WOLFGANG TEN , LUKHTANOV VLADIMIR A. , NAZARI VAZRICK
Published: July 2024

Distribution of Phoenicurusia transcaucasicus (Miller, 1923) in Iran and neighbouring territories is clarified based on analysis of DNA barcodes, the male genitalia and wing pattern of adults. Our study revealed the widespread distribution of Ph. transcaucasicus throughout northern, northeastern and central Iran. Based on integrative analysis, a new subspecies, Ph. transcaucasicus flamma ssp. n., is described from the Zagros Mountains, the Central Iranian Range and the Alborz Mountains. Compared to the nominotypical subspecies, the new subspecies differs in well-developed orange pattern both of dorsal and ventral sides of the wings, shape of the valva in the male genitalia and distinct COI haplotypes. Additionally, distinct phylogenetic lineage of Ph. transcaucasicus is reported from Kerman Province. Diagnostic characters of the species of Ph. phoenicurus (Lederer, 1870) group of Iran are illustrated.
Contemporary management of mesothelioma
Authors: Neilly Mark D.J. , Pearson Jennifer , Thu Akari Win , MacRae Carolyn , Blyth Kevin G.
Published: July 2024

Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is an aggressive asbestos-associated thoracic malignancy with a median survival of 12–18 months. Due to continued asbestos use in many nations, global incidence is rising. Causes due to non-occupational, environmental exposure are also rising in many countries despite utilisation bans. For many years, platinum­–pemetrexed chemotherapy was the solitary licensed therapy, but first-line combination immune checkpoint blockade has recently demonstrated improved outcomes, with both regimes tested in predominantly late-stage cohorts. In the second-line setting, single-agent nivolumab has been shown to extend survival and is now available for routine use in some regions, while second-line chemotherapy has no proven role and opportunities for clinical trials should be maximised in relapsed disease. Surgery for “technically resectable” disease has been offered for decades in many expert centres, but the recent results from the phase III MARS2 trial have challenged this approach. There remains no robustly proven standard of care for early-stage PM. The clinical trial landscape for PM is complex and increasingly diverse, making further development of specialist PM multidisciplinary teams an important priority in all countries. The observation of improving outcomes in centres that have adopted this service model emphasises the importance of high-quality diagnostics and equitable access to therapies and trials. Novel therapies targeting a range of aberrations are being evaluated; however, a better understanding of the molecular drivers and their associated vulnerabilities is required to identify and prioritise treatment targets.
Imbalanced temporal states of cortical blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal variability during rest in episodic migraine
Authors: Veréb Dániel , Szabó Nikoletta , Kincses Bálint , Szücs-Bencze Laura , Faragó Péter , Csomós Máté , Antal Szabolcs , Kocsis Krisztián , Tuka Bernadett , Kincses Zsigmond Tamás
Published: July 2024

Background

Migraine has been associated with functional brain changes including altered connectivity and activity both during and between headache attacks. Recent studies established that the variability of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal is an important attribute of brain activity, which has so far been understudied in migraine. In this study, we investigate how time-varying measures of BOLD variability change interictally in episodic migraine patients.

Methods

Two independent resting state functional MRI datasets acquired on 3T (discovery cohort) and 1.5T MRI scanners (replication cohort) including 99 episodic migraine patients (n3T = 42, n1.5T=57) and 78 healthy controls (n3T = 46, n1.5T=32) were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. A framework using time-varying measures of BOLD variability was applied to derive BOLD variability states. Descriptors of BOLD variability states such as dwell time and fractional occupancy were calculated, then compared between migraine patients and healthy controls using Mann-Whitney U-tests. Spearman’s rank correlation was calculated to test associations with clinical parameters.

Results

Resting-state activity was characterized by states of high and low BOLD signal variability. Migraine patients in the discovery cohort spent more time in the low variability state (mean dwell time: p = 0.014, median dwell time: p = 0.022, maximum dwell time: p = 0.013, fractional occupancy: p = 0.013) and less time in the high variability state (mean dwell time: p = 0.021, median dwell time: p = 0.021, maximum dwell time: p = 0.025, fractional occupancy: p = 0.013). Higher uptime of the low variability state was associated with greater disability as measured by MIDAS scores (maximum dwell time: R = 0.45, p = 0.007; fractional occupancy: R = 0.36, p = 0.035). Similar results were observed in the replication cohort.

Conclusion

Episodic migraine patients spend more time in a state of low BOLD variability during rest in headache-free periods, which is associated with greater disability. BOLD variability states show potential as a replicable functional imaging marker in episodic migraine.
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients: a study from Iran
Authors: Khanbabaee Ghamartaj , khazaii Fatemeh , Chavoshzadeh Zahra , Rekabi Mahsa , Ghomi Zahra , Zeinali Vahide , Pourghasem Matin , Soflaee Maedeh , Ghadrdan Mahsa
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a prevalent complication in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and is often related to other characteristics such as bronchiectasis and autoimmunity. Because the term ILD encompasses a variety of acute and chronic pulmonary conditions, diagnosis is usually based on imaging features. Histopathology is less available. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the ILD in patients with CVID.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective cross-sectional study, sixty CVID patients who referred to the pulmonology and immunodeficiency clinics of Mofid Children’s Hospital between 2013 and 2022 were included. The diagnosis of ILD were based on transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) or clinical and radiological symptoms. The prevalence of ILD in CVID patients was determined. Also, the CVID patients with and without ILD were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings.

Results

Among all patients, ten patients had ILD (16.6%). In terms of laboratory parameters, there was a significant difference between platelets in the two groups of CVID patients with and without ILD, and the level of platelets was higher in the group of patients with ILD. Moreover, in terms of clinical symptoms, pneumonia, diarrhea and hepatomegaly were significantly different between the two groups and were statistically higher in the group of patients with ILD (P < 0.05). Autoimmunity and malignancy were not significantly different in two groups. There was a significant difference in, hyperinflation between the two groups of CVID patients with and without ILD, and the frequency of, hyperinflation was higher in the patients without ILD (P = 0.040).

Conclusion

Understanding the pathogenesis of ILD plays an essential role in revealing non-infectious pulmonary complications that occur in CVID patients. Increasing efforts to understand ILD not only shed light on its hidden pathogenesis and clinical features, but also enhance our understanding of CVID in a broader sense.
Pain management after thoracotomy with dexamethasone and bupivacaine through a peripleural cather: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Talebzadeh Hamid , Eslamian Mohammad , Sheikhbahaei Erfan , Esparham Ali , Zefreh Hamidreza , Sarblook Pooria , Firouzfar Alireza
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Thoracotomy procedures can result in significant pain and cause nausea/vomiting. Glucocorticoids have anti-emetic and analgesic effects due to their anti-inflammatory and nerve-blocking properties. This study investigates the additive effect of local dexamethasone with bupivacaine as sole analgesic medication through a peripleural catheter after thoracotomy.

Method

The study was conducted as a randomized control trial on 82 patients. Participants were allocated to receive either 2.5 mg/kg of bupivacaine plus 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone or 2.5 mg/kg of bupivacaine plus the same amount of normal saline as placebo through a 6 French peripleural catheter implemented above the parietal pleura and beneath the musculoskeletal structure of the chest wall. The primary outcome was the severity of pain 24 h after the operation in the visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of nausea/vomiting, opioid consumption for pain control, and incidence of any adverse effects.

Results

: A total of 50 participants were randomized to each group, and the baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. Median of VAS score (6 (3-8) vs. 8 (6-9), p < 0.001), postoperative opioid consumption (9 (36%) vs. 17 (68%) patients, p=0.024), and median length of hospital stay (4 (3-8) vs. 6 (3-12) days, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the dexamethasone group. However, postoperative nausea/vomiting (p=0.26 for nausea and p=0.71 for vomiting) and surgical site infection (p = 0.55) were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion

In thoracotomy patients, administering local dexamethasone + bupivacaine through a peripleural catheter can reduce postoperative pain, analgesic consumption, and length of hospital stay.

Trial Registration

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20220309054226N1, registration date: 3/21/2022.
Evaluation of preoperative difficult airway prediction methods for adult patients without obvious airway abnormalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Zhichen , Jin Yile , Zheng Yueying , Chen Hanjian , Feng Jingyi , Sun Jing
Published: July 2024

Background

This systematic review aims to assist clinical decision-making in selecting appropriate preoperative prediction methods for difficult tracheal intubation by identifying and synthesizing literature on these methods in adult patients undergoing all types of surgery.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive electronic searches across multiple databases were completed on March 28, 2023. Two researchers independently screened, selected studies, and extracted data. A total of 227 articles representing 526 studies were included and evaluated for bias using the QUADAS-2 tool. Meta-Disc software computed pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPC), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Heterogeneity was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, Cochran’s-Q, and I2 index, with meta-regression exploring sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Deeks’ funnel plot.

Results

Out of 2906 articles retrieved, 227 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 686,089 patients. The review examined 11 methods for predicting difficult tracheal intubation, categorized into physical examination, multivariate scoring system, and imaging test. The modified Mallampati test (MMT) showed a SEN of 0.39 and SPC of 0.86, while the thyromental distance (TMD) had a SEN of 0.38 and SPC of 0.83. The upper lip bite test (ULBT) presented a SEN of 0.52 and SPC of 0.84. Multivariate scoring systems like LEMON and Wilson’s risk score demonstrated moderate sensitivity and specificity. Imaging tests, particularly ultrasound-based methods such as the distance from the skin to the epiglottis (US-DSE), exhibited higher sensitivity (0.80) and specificity (0.77). Significant heterogeneity was identified across studies, influenced by factors such as sample size and study design.

Conclusion

No single preoperative prediction method shows clear superiority for predicting difficult tracheal intubation. The evidence supports a combined approach using multiple methods tailored to specific patient demographics and clinical contexts. Future research should focus on integrating advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and deep learning to improve predictive models. Standardizing testing procedures and establishing clear cut-off values are essential for enhancing prediction reliability and accuracy. Implementing a multi-modal predictive approach may reduce unanticipated difficult intubations, improving patient safety and outcomes.
Use of the Ishii Test for screening sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies
Authors: Macêdo Sabrina Gabrielle Gomes Fernandes , de Souza Macêdo Pedro Rafael , Barbosa Weslley Sales , Maciel Álvaro Campos Cavalcanti
Published: July 2024

Background

The Ishii Test is recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2), however the use of this technique is still little explored in the clinical context and the scientific literature.

Objective

We aimed to verify the use of the Test of Ishii in screening for sarcopenia in older adults.

Methods

We searched three electronic databases and two reviewers independently screened and assessed the studies. Studies with older adults (60 years or more) of both genders, no year or language restriction and which aimed to evaluate sarcopenia using the Ishii Test and another diagnostic criteria were selected. A summary of the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity were performed using the MedCalc and SPSS software programs, respectively.

Results

A total of 3,298 references were identified in the database, 278 by manually searching, and finally 11 studies were included for the review. The screening test showed good sensitivity and specificity in both genders. All studies showed values above the considered value for the Area Under the Curve (AUC) results, without discriminating power (0.500). Four studies used the original values, and five studies developed a new cut-off point. A summary of the AUC curve showed the diamond close to one, indicating that the Ishii test has good performance for screening sarcopenia (I2=83,66%; p<0.001; 95%CI: 69.38 to 91.28 for men; and I2=60.04%; p<0.001; 95%CI: 13.06 to 81.63 for women).

Conclusion

The Ishii Test can be considered a useful tool for the early identification of sarcopenia in older adults. However, further studies are still needed to understand the behavior of this screening tool.

Trial registration

CRD42023424392.
Insights into inflammation and implications for the pathogenesis and long-term outcomes of endometrial cancer: genome-wide surveys and a clinical cohort study
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Zhichao , Lai Yaozhen , Ma Zebiao , Wang Luanhong , Fiori Pier Luigi , Carru Ciriaco , Capobianco Giampiero , Zhou Li
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite evidence showing a connection between inflammation and endometrial cancer (EC) risk, the surveys on genetic correlation and cohort studies investigating the impact on long-term outcomes have yet to be refined. We aimed to address the impact of inflammation factors on the pathogenesis, progression and consequences of EC.

Methods

For the genetic correlation analyses, a two-sample of Mendelian randomization (MR) study was applied to investigate inflammation-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms involved with endometrial cancer from GWAS databases. The observational retrospective study included consecutive patients diagnosed with EC (stage I to IV) with surgeries between January 2010 and October 2020 at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College.

Results

The 2-sample MR surveys indicated no causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and endometrial cancer. 780 cases (median age, 55.0 years ) diagnosed with EC were included in the cohort and followed up for an average of 6.8 years. Increased inflammatory parameters at baseline were associated with a higher FIGO stage and invasive EC risk (odds ratios [OR] 1.01 to 4.20). Multivariate-cox regression suggested that multiple inflammatory indicators were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.05). Nomogram models based on inflammatory risk and clinical factors were developed for OS and PFS with C-index of 0.811 and 0.789, respectively. LASSO regression for the validation supported the predictive efficacy of inflammatory and clinical factors on the long-term outcomes of EC.

Conclusions

Despite the fact that the genetic surveys did not show a detrimental impact of inflammatory cytokines on the endometrial cancer risk, our cohort study suggested that inflammatory level was associated with the progression and long-term outcomes of EC. This evidence may contribute to new strategies targeted at decreasing inflammation levels during EC therapy.
Effect of long-term use of antipsychotics on the ventricular repolarization index
Authors: Liu Qiong , Yuan Xiaoping , Sheng Chengdong , Cai Weixun , Geng Xuhong , Liu Huanzhong , Song Suqi
Published: July 2024

Background

The risk of arrhythmia is usually assessed by the length of the corrected QT interval (QTc) when patients use antipsychotics. Prolonged QTc intervals are thought to increase the probability of malignant ventricular arrhythmias, and if we focus only on the QTc interval, we may be influenced by a single factor and make decisions that are not conducive to effective treatment. The index of cardiac electrophysiological balance (iCEB) is considered more valuable than the QTc for predicting drug-induced arrhythmias. It has been used in clinical practice, but no studies have observed changes in this index after the use of antipsychotics.

Objective

To investigate the changes in ventricular repolarization indices and the occurrence of arrhythmias in patients who have been using antipsychotic drugs for a long time, to compare the changes in iCEBc and QTc and to predict abnormal iCEBc values.

Methods

Patients with schizophrenia who had been hospitalized for more than 4 years and who were receiving atypical antipsychotics underwent a 12-lead synchronized electrocardiogram (ECG) every 2–4 weeks. The baseline data were measured at admission, defined as the baseline (time0), and the most obvious abnormal changes in ventricular depolarization and repolarization measured every 12 months were one-year follow-up (time1), two-year follow-up (time2), three-year follow-up (time3), and four-year follow-up (time4). Repeated measures analysis of variance was used for comparisons. The types and doses of drugs taken at 5 time points were recorded and converted into chlorpromazine equivalents for comparison. The incidence of arrhythmia during the observation cycle was recorded.

Results

The patients had been treated with antipsychotic medication for 4 years, and the duration of the QRS wave was longer in males than in females. TpTe, TpTe/QRS, TpTe/QT, TpTe/QTc, iCEB, and iCEBc increased significantly with hospital stay, while TpTe, TpTe/QRS, TpTe/QT, and TpTe/QTc exhibited more obvious changes in these indicators in female patients (P < 0.01). The changes in iCEB and iCEBc were more significant in males (P < 0.01). The incidences of arrhythmia (arrhythmic events included premature ventricular beats and premature atrial beats) within 5 time points were 2.5%, 6.25%, 6.25%, 6.25% and 5%, respectively. More than 90% of patients treated with antipsychotics did not have any arrhythmias. No TdP syncope or other cardiovascular symptoms were found in any of the patients.

Conclusion

After long-term use of antipsychotics, the ventricular repolarization index gradually increased with time. The new ventricular repolarization indices iCEB and iCEBc were more sensitive than the QTc at predicting arrhythmia. According to the abnormal QTc values in men and women, we predict that the abnormal value of the iCEBc in males is 4.528 and that in females is 5.315.
Translation and validation to the Arabic language version of the climate change anxiety scale (CCAS)
Authors: Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Malaeb Diana , Yakın Ecem , Sakr Fouad , Dabbous Mariam , El Khatib Sami , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil
Published: July 2024

Background

The Arab world is one of the global regions the most directly concerned by, and suffering from climate change’s adverse consequences. As such, there appears to be a strong need for an understanding of how Arab people may emotionally respond to climate change. Providing valid and reliable measures of climate change anxiety (CCA) can help gain a clear overview of the situation in Arab countries, and allow to intervene timely and effectively to mitigate any adverse effects on Arab people’s mental health. To this end, the present study sought to validate the Arabic language version of the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (CCAS) in a sample of native Arabic-speaking adults from the general population of Lebanon.

Methods

This study adopted a cross-sectional approach and enrolled 763 adults between July and September 2023.

Results

A confirmatory analysis of the one-factor model showed poor fit indices as follows: CFI = 0.90, GFI = 0.83, SRMR = 0.048 and RMSEA 0.131 [90% CI 0.123, 0.138). The two-factor model showed a satisfactory fit with a high CFI of and a GFI of 0.91 and a SRMR of 0.04 and RMSEA of 0.05 [90% CI 0.04, 0.06]. Both McDonald’s omega and Cronbach alpha values were high for the overall CCAS score (α = 0.96 and ω = 0.96) in the whole sample. Configural, metric and scalar invariance across gender was demonstrated. No significant difference was found between males and females in terms of total CCAS scores (24.53 ± 10.59 vs. 26.03 ± 11.17, t(761) = -1.82, p = .069). Higher CCA, functional impairment and cognitive impairment scores were significantly associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress.

Conclusion

The reliability and validity of the CCAS in its Arabic version were proven. The availability of this self-report measure could offer a chance to assess CCA among Adults speaking Arabic, and to spread its future use for screening and research purposes.
The cost of adding rapid screening for diabetes, hypertension, and COVID-19 to COVID-19 vaccination queues in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Masuku Sithabiso D. , Brennan Alana T , Vetter Beatrice , Venter Francois , Mtshazo Bukelwa , Sokhela Simiso , Mashabane Nkuli , Kao Kekeletso , Meyer-Rath Gesine
Published: July 2024

Background

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for 51% of total mortality in South Africa, with a rising burden of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Incorporating NCDs and COVID-19 screening into mass activities such as COVID-19 vaccination programs could offer significant long-term benefits for early detection interventions. However, there is limited knowledge of the associated costs and resources required. We evaluated the cost of integrating NCD screening and COVID-19 antigen rapid diagnostic testing (Ag-RDT) into a COVID-19 vaccination program.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cost analysis at three public sector primary healthcare clinics and one academic hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa, conducting vaccinations. Participants were assessed for eligibility and recruited during May-Dec 2022. Costs were estimated from the provider perspective using a bottom-up micro-costing approach and reported in 2022 USD.

Results

Of the 1,376 enrolled participants, 240 opted in to undergo a COVID-19 Ag-RDT, and none tested positive for COVID-19. 138 (10.1%) had elevated blood pressure, with 96 (70%) having no prior HTN diagnosis. 22 (1.6%) were screen-positive for DM, with 12 (55%) having no prior diagnosis. The median cost per person screened for NCDs was $1.70 (IQR: $1.38-$2.49), respectively. The average provider cost per person found to have elevated blood glucose levels and blood pressure was $157.99 and $25.19, respectively. Finding a potentially new case of DM and HTN was $289.65 and $36.21, respectively. For DM and DM + HTN screen-positive participants, diagnostic tests were the main cost driver, while staff costs were the main cost driver for DM- and HTN screen-negative and HTN screen-positive participants. The median cost per Ag-RDT was $5.95 (IQR: $5.55-$6.25), with costs driven mainly by test kit costs.

Conclusions

We show the cost of finding potentially new cases of DM and HTN in a vaccine queue, which is an essential first step in understanding the feasibility and resource requirements for such initiatives. However, there is a need for comparative economic analyses that include linkage to care and retention data to fully understand this cost and determine whether opportunistic screening should be added to general mass health activities.
What is said about #donateliver or #liverdonor? Reflexive thematic analysis of Twitter (X) posts from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Ng Qin Xiang , Lim Yu Liang , Xin Xiaohui , Ong Clarence , Ng Wee Khoon , Thumboo Julian , Tan Hiang Khoon
Published: July 2024

Background

There is sustained interest in understanding the perspectives of liver transplant recipients and living donors, with several qualitative studies shedding light on this emotionally charged subject. However, these studies have relied primarily on traditional semi-structured interviews, which, while valuable, come with inherent limitations. Consequently, there remains a gap in our comprehension of the broader public discourse surrounding living liver donation. This study aims to bridge this gap by delving into public conversations related to living liver donation through a qualitative analysis of Twitter (now X) posts, offering a fresh perspective on this critical issue.

Methods

To compile a comprehensive dataset, we extracted original tweets containing the hashtags “#donateliver” OR “#liverdonor”, all posted in English from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022. We then selected tweets from individual users whose Twitter (X) accounts featured authentic human names, ensuring the credibility of our data. Employing Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis approach, the study investigators read and analysed the included tweets, identifying two main themes and six subthemes. The Health Policy Triangle framework was applied to understand the roles of different stakeholders involved in the discourse and suggest areas for policy improvement.

Results

A total of 361 unique tweets from individual users were analysed. The major theme that emerged was the persistent shortage of liver donors, underscoring the desperation faced by individuals in need of life-saving liver transplants and the urgency of addressing the organ shortage problem. The second theme delved into the experiences of liver donors post-surgery, shedding light on a variety of aspects related to the transplantation process, including the visibility of surgical scars, and the significance of returning to physical activity and exercise post-surgery.

Conclusion

The multifaceted experiences of individuals involved in the transplantation process, both recipients and donors, should be further studied in our efforts to improve the critical shortage of liver donors.