bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Testing of Combined Vaccine Against Enzootic Pneumonia in Industrial Pig Farming in Bulgaria
Authors: Pepovich Roman , Nikolov Branimir , Sirakov Ivo , Genova Krasimira , Hristov Kalin , Nikolova Elena , Hajiolova Radka , Beltova Boika
Published: July 2015

In the pig farm with signs of a respiratory disease complex and laboratory confirmed enzootic pneumonia, the prophylactic efficacy of the combination vaccine (M. hyo+PCV2), a single injection administered intramuscularly 21 days after birth, at a dose of 2 ml was tested. The clinical condition, pathological changes in the lungs and some epidemiological and economic results were reported. It was found that vaccinated pigs are in a better clinical condition in comparison with the control group. Morbidity in the rearing period was reduced from 16.3% in the control group to 6.0% in vaccinated pigs, and in the fattening period, respectively, from 30.6% in the control group to 10.0% in the vaccinated group. Pathological features in the lung characteristic for the enzootic pneumonia in the vaccinated pigs were reduced from 25.5%±7.24 to 4.0%±2.44, and PCVI - from 13.0%±4.66 to 0%. Vaccination of pigs has been received and a higher average daily gain in groups for rearing (0.624 kg) and for fattening (0.723 kg) was recorded.
Moss mites (Acari: Oribatida) in soil revitalizing: a chance for practical application in silviculture
Authors: Klimek Andrzej , Rolbiecki Stanisław
Published: July 2015

The Oribatida (known as moss mites or beetle mites) increase the breakdown of organic material in the soil. The paper analyses the dynamics of their abundance and number of species after various treatments enriching the soil in 4 study areas: afforested post-agricultural area in the Tuchola Forest, afforested degraded post-military training area in Bydgoszcz-Jachcice, and forest nurseries at Białe Błota and Bielawy. The results show that in post-agricultural and degraded soils at the initial stages of forest succession, the density and number of species of oribatid mites were low, even after phyto-land-improvement (afforestation and lupin as green manure). In the forest nurseries, however, we recorded a positive effect of soil revitalizing after mulching with forest ectohumus (i.e. organic surface layer of the soil). The inoculation of soils with forest mesofauna appeared more effective in nursery plantations of silver birch (Betula pendula) and small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata), as compared with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Thus to revitalize degraded soils effectively and to accelerate forest succession, apart from phytoland- improvement, it is advisable also to reintroduce mesofauna, e.g. with the use of forest ectohumus.
The elusive genus Olifantiella (Bacillariophyta): South Pacific assemblage and Indo-Pacific biogeography
Authors: Riaux-Gobin Catherine
Published: July 2015

The biraphid genus Olifantiella (Bacillariophyta), which was recently discovered from the Mascarene Islands (Indian Ocean), is also present in coral reef environments of the islands of Tahiti and Moorea (South Pacific) as an epiphyte on the mangrove Rhizophora stylosa. The genus Olifantiella may be considered elusive because all of its currently known species are very small and difficult to identify under a light microscope. Several Olifantiella taxa first described from Rodrigues Island are also present in the South Pacific, along with three new taxa: O. societatis sp. nov., O. sp., and O. pilosella var. rhizophorae var. nov. Olifantiella societatis resembles O. paucistriata but the buciniportula opening of the former is oblong and faces one stria only. Olifantiella societatis and O. sp. show distinctive features of the genus Olifantiella but are very rare. A description of the buciniportula in O. pilosella is given. Although it is still unclear, the role of the buciniportula may be related to the excretion of mucilaginous material. The diversity of Olifantiella taxa between the Mascarene and Society archipelagos is similar with 6–7 species, five of which are common to both. Olifantiella mascarenica and O. pilosella are the most common members of the genus in the Mascarene Islands and the South Pacific, respectively. Olifantiella has only been previously described from the Indo-Pacific Basin, but it may be a widespread tropical genus. This genus has probably been overlooked in the past or misidentified as Navicula because of its overall naviculoid shape and small size. Electron microscopy remains essential in determining the identity of very small diatoms such as Olifantiella.
First report of the red alga Gayliella fimbriata in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Taşkın Ergün , Çakır Murat , Wynne Michael J.
Published: July 2015

The red alga Gayliella fimbriata (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) is reported for the first time from the Mediterranean Sea. This species was collected growing as an epiphyte on Laurencia obtusa in the sublittoral zone at Antalya (Mediterranean coast of Turkey). Gayliella fimbriata is characterized by its protruding clavate gland cells. Features to distinguish the four Turkish species of Gayliella from one another are provided.
Solvent dependent swelling behaviour of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic acid) gels and determination of solubility parameters
Authors: Çavuş Selva , Çakal Elçin , Sevgili Lutfullah M.
Published: July 2015

Swelling behaviour of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PVC) and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-itaconic acid) (P(VC-co-IA)) gels was investigated in different solvents (water, ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), chloroform, toluene, acetone) and in binary solvent mixtures (ethanol/chloroform, ethanol/methanol, IPA/chloroform, ethanol/water, IPA/water). Gels were synthesised in ethanol by the free radical cross-linking polymerisation method at 60°C for 24 h in the presence of azobis( isobutyronitrile) and allyl methacrylate as the initiator and cross-linker, respectively. And also, ethanol/distilled water mixture (φ
Modeling erosion in a centrifugal pump in an Eulerian-Lagrangian frame using OpenFOAM®
Authors: Lopez Alejandro , Stickland Matthew , Dempster William
Published: July 2015

Erosion induced by solid particle impingement is a very commonwear mechanism in turbomachinery and Computational Fluid Dynamics is one of the most widely used tools for its prediction. In this article, erosion is modeled in one of the channels of a centrifugal pump using OpenFOAM®,which is an Open Source CFD package. A review of some of the most commonly used erosion models is carried out in an Eulerian-Lagrangian frame along with a comparative study of the erosion rates obtained with each model. Results yielded some disparities between models due to the different factors taken into consideration. The mesh is then deformed to obtain the resulting eroded geometry.
Ján Dekan K Vývoji Jazyků
Authors: Boček Vít
Published: July 2015

In 1951, in the period after Stalin’s intervention against Marrism, young Slovak archaeologist and historian Ján Dekan published a study Za stalinské riešenie otázok etnogenezy [For the Stalinist Solution of the Questions of Ethno-genesis]. The present paper shows that hidden behind the Marxist terminology, a worth reading and worth considering work on the topic of the rise and development of languages can be found. With the help of the concept of four paradigms of historical (historical-comparative) linguistics, Dekan’s study is evaluated as a text fitting into the revisionist paradigm, characteristic by the assumption of a balanced role of divergence and convergence in language development. Further relationships of the Dekan’s work to other theories and principles of language development are discussed
Context-Aware Access Control Model for Privacy Support in Mobile-Based Assisted Living
Authors: Smirnov Alexander , Kashevnik Alexey , Shilov Nikolay , Teslya Nikolay
Published: July 2015

The average lifetime of people in advanced countries is significantly increased in the XXI century. The number of old and dependent people is rising due many innovations in health care: new technologies, medicine, and a lot of innovative devices that allow people to monitor their health and consult with a doctor in case of problems. In the last years, a number of information systems have been developed in the health-care area to assist people in living. Modern systems increase their mobility by using personal mobile devices that allows them to interact with the system at any point of time. Smart space is a technology that allows developing such systems. It is an aggregation of devices that can share their resources (information and services) and cooperate with each other. Sharing personal information between different devices requires ensuring privacy support. For these purposes, a dynamic access control support for information that is shared by devices is needed. In particular, a new access control model for accessing resources is needed. The model should describe the current situation via a context. This paper proposes a model of the context-aware access control for smart systems based on smart space technology.
The Economics of Happiness: Future or Reality in Russia?
Authors: Yashina Marina
Published: July 2015

The scientific paper, which was processed by the author, deals with the issue of urban environment and conditions in which residents feel themselves in this environment more secure, successful and, of course, happy. The article presents a comparative analysis of the Singapore experience in improving the urban environment, which at one time allowed this small Asian country to take a leading position in the world economy. Author believes that the economics of happiness is the economy of the future. Happy people are able to improve their KPI, to work more efficiently; they become more competitive, and, consequently, the country improves its competitiveness. The article deals with different approaches to evaluate the happiness and well-being of residents from different countries and provides examples of projects aimed to improve the happiness of the inhabitants of the cities.
Obrazy wojny i holocaustu w muzyce i sztuce. Szkic do edukacji interdyscyplinarnej / The Images of War and the Holocaust in Music and Art. A Sketch for Interdisciplinary Education
Authors: Gozdecka Renata
Published: July 2015

The main premise of the presented study is to show the impact of World War Two events on the creative achievements of selected artists who treated these dramatic events as the direct source of inspiration. The primary object of interest are selected musical pieces composed in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, analyzed at the same time from the perspective of their correspondence with other domains of art: painting, sculpture, poetry, and partly with film. The article discussed Arthur Honegger’s Second and Third Symphony, compositions: Diffrent Trains by Steve Reich, and Diaries of Hope by Zbigniew Preisner, and in the field of fine art: inter alia the painting works by Izaak Celnikier, Xawery Dunikowski, Bronisław Wojciech Linke, and Andrzej Wróblewski, selected monument sculptures (e.g. in the Majdanek Concentration Camp in Lublin), and with special emphasis on works devoted to the tragedy of the Holocaust.

An important aim of the paper is to show the possibility of utilizing the presented content in interdisciplinary teaching provided for in the Ministry of National Education’s core curriculum for general education in art subjects and the subject Knowledge of Culture.
Całe życie z muzykologią. Wspomnienia uniwersyteckie z Poznania i Krakowa / All My Life with Musicology. University Memories from Poznań and Kraków
Authors: Szweykowski Zygmunt M.
Published: July 2015

Zygmunt M. Szweykowski (born in 1929 in Kraków), an eminent scholar and doyen of Polish musicology, shares his memories of his postwar studies and first years of university work in Poznan and a long period of teaching and scholarly activity at the Jagiel lonian University in Kraków. He remembers the personages of older musicologists (e.g. Tadeusz Strumiłło), and his masters (inter alia Adolf Chybiński), presents the picture of numerous determinants during the People’s Poland period and during the subsequent political- system transformations, describes the development of the Jagiellonian University’s Institute of Musicology over several decades, discusses in detail the teaching innovations he has introduced, and finally recalls various episodes of university life, occasionally embellished with anecdotes. Professor Z. M. Szweykowski’s autobiographical story is an interesting contribution to the history of Polish musicology in the second half of the twentieth century.
Krajobraz Le Corbusiera. Losy „superbudynków” na przykładzie realizacji w Marsylii, Berlinie i Katowicach / Le Corbusier’s Landscape. The Fates of “Superstructures” as Exemplified by Their Implementation in Marseilles, Berlin and Katowice
Authors: Boguszewska Kamila Lucyna
Published: July 2015

The project of a residential building (unit) of a proper size (unité de grandeur conforme) was designed in Le Corbusier’s atelier in Paris from the late 1940s on. Prepared by Jerzy Sołtan and Gerard Hanning, it was a theoretical model and was meant to be an answer to the shortage of housing after World War Two; it would also solve the functional program in an innovative way and at the same time would be based on the principles of the contemporary architecture created by Le Corbusier. For Le Corbusier, a very important part of the project was the spatial solution of the utilitarian roof. Essential elements here were: the landscape of the south of France, its scenic connections, spatial relationships and the silhouette of the City of Marseilles: these were called basic joys (joies essentielles), which should belong to everybody. The paper shows the histories of three buildings embodying the idea of the total housing unit: the prototype - the Marseilles Unit, its late copy - the Berlin Unit, and the Polish realization designed and built in Katowice by Mieczysław Król.
Effect of phospholipid and (phospho)lipase modification on interfacial properties of oil/water emulsion
Authors: Więcek Agnieszka Ewa
Published: July 2015

This review paper focused on the effect of typical phosphorlipid (or lecithin) and enzyme modification on electrokinetic parameters of oil/water emulsion. Physicochemical properties of the systems were investigated taking into account the effective diameter of the droplets as well as the zeta potentials using the dynamic light scattering technique. The effect of phospholipid and phospholipase modification on interfacial properties of o/w emulsion was examined as a function of temperature, pH and ionic strength (effect of Na

The phospholipids dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, DPPC or dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, DOPC having the same headgroup bound to the apolar tail composed of two saturated or unsaturated chains were used as stabilizing agents. The effective diameters do not always correlate with the zeta potentials. A possible reason for such behaviour might a mechanism different from the electrostatic stabilization. Phospholipids and their mixtures (e.g. lecithin) may undergo spontaneous aggregation in aqueous solution and organize into liposomes, which possess different sizes and surface affinities. These unique behaviours of phospholipid dispersion can be controlled using the investigated parameters. These findings are expected to increase in importance as phospholipid systems see more use in self-assembly applications.

The other aim of the paper was the comparison of the enzyme phospholipase influence on lipid hydrolysis in the o/w emulsion environment. The work is the study which presents the twofold effect of ethanol dipoles on phosholipid hydrolysis. It is believed that the enzyme effect on the phospholipid aggregation behaviour at the oil-water interface will be helpful for understanding different biological phenomena.
Influence of the ambient temperature on water and diiodomethane contact angle with quartz surface
Authors: Terpiłowski Konrad
Published: July 2015

Wettability of solids is a key phenomenon in many processes. One should mentioned those which accompany us in our everyday life i.e. washing or cementing as well as those applied in industry e.g. flotation of minerals. Value of the contact angles are affected by many factors. One of them is temperature. In this paper monocrystaline quartz was used in the investigations which were carried out in the range 5−50°C with the step every 5°C. As follows the value of the contact angle of both water and diiodomethane changes with the increasing temperature. The change of its value for water is much larger than in case of another liquids of apolar character. Using Chibowski approach the apparent surface free energy was calculated in two ways with and without correction about temperature change of the surface tension. The calculation show difference between both results. Taking into consideration another value of the surface tension should not be neglected even if measurements is taken at a temperature close to 20°C which is the standard in one in such measurements
The Course of the Atmospheric Pressure in Lublin in the Years 1951–2010 / Przebieg ciśnienia atmosferycznego w Lublinie w latach 1951–2010
Authors: Bilik Anna , Gawęda Bożena , Gluza Andrzej , Siwek Krzysztof
Published: July 2015

The paper presents the general characteristics of the monthly, seasonal and annual course of atmospheric pressure in Lublin for the years 1951-2010. Some data used comes from UMCS Meteorological Observatory located in the centre of Lublin. Measurements were performed using a mercury barometer located in the building at a height of 206.4 m and 11.1 m above the ground, three times a day, at 7.00, 13.00 and 21.00 local solar average time. Annual, seasonal and monthly mean values of atmospheric pressure at the station level were calculated. Also values of deviations from the long-term values of average pressure were calculated. Long-term average atmospheric pressure in Lublin in the years 1951-2010 was 991.5 hPa. This value varied from 989.0 hPa in 2010 to 994.2 hPa in 1953. The annual highest average monthly value was recorded in October and the lowest in April. The range of average monthly variation is 5.2 hPa. The highest monthly range of variation was in December - 27.5 hPa and in February (22.8 hPa), and the lowest in June - 8.2 hPa and in September - 9.9 hPa. As far as different seasons of the year are concerned, the highest average pressure values were recorded in autumn and winter. In spring and summer, these values were similar and the lowest as well. Pressure values and their changes during the year depend on the position and the level of activity the main centres of the atmosphere pressure in Europe.
Warm and Cold Waves in South-Eastern (V) Bioclimatic Region in Years 1981-2010 / Fale ciepła i fale chłodu w południowo-wschodnim (V) regionie bioklimatycznym w latach 1981–2010 / Fale ciepła i fale chłodu w południowo-wschodnim (V) regionie bioklimatycznym w latach 1981–2010
Authors: Krzyżewska Agnieszka
Published: July 2015

Lublin and Roztocze regions are placed in bioclimatic division (by T. Kozłowska-Szczęsna) in 5th south-eastern region. This area can be characterized by a high number of days with high air temperature (Kozłowska-Szczęsna et al., 1997) and by highest number of frost days in Poland (Błażejczyk, Kunert 2011). In this region, there is high frequency of cold spells; an occurrence, which can last over 15 days (Kuchcik et al., 2013). In this paper, warm and cold waves are calculated by method elaborated by Wibig (2007), where waves are determined by maximum air temperature (warm and cold days) and minimum air temperature (warm and cold nights) based on standard deviation from the average, expressed in standard deviation. Days, where air temperature was higher than average by more than 1.28 standard deviation was regarded as very warm, and those with lower air temperature than average by more than 1.28 standard deviation was regarded as very cold (Wibig 2007). For the purpose of this research, data from stations Lublin-Radawiec, Zamość and Tomaszów Lubelski were used, for the 1981-2010 period. During that time, short (3-5 days) waves of warm days occurred slightly more often than for waves of cold days, but in case of long waves (11-20 days) cold waves dominated, which is very characteristic for south-eastern (V) bioclimatic region. The waves of cold days were particularly long at Tomaszów Lubelski and Zamość stations. The average number of short (3-5 days) cold waves (night) on examined stations of south-eastern bioclimatic region was 3-4 waves per year and this was more than average number of short warm waves (night), which fluctuated between 2 to 3 waves per year (inversely to the case of waves of warm days). In the first decade of 21st century, the decrease in number of cold days is visible, but number of warm nights has increased during that time.
Pattern avoidance in partial words over a ternary alphabet
Authors: Gągol Adam
Published: July 2015

Blanched-Sadri and Woodhouse in 2013 have proven the conjecture of Cassaigne, stating that any pattern with m distinct variables and of length at least 2
Proximinality and co-proximinality in metric linear spaces
Authors: Narang T.D. , Gupta Sahil
Published: July 2015

As a counterpart to best approximation, the concept of best coapproximation was introduced in normed linear spaces by C. Franchetti and M. Furi in 1972. Subsequently, this study was taken up by many researchers. In this paper, we discuss some results on the existence and uniqueness of best approximation and best coapproximation when the underlying spaces are metric linear spaces
A-manifolds on a principal torus bundle over an almost Hodge A-manifold base
Authors: Zborowski Grzegorz
Published: July 2015

An A-manifold is a manifold whose Ricci tensor is cyclic-parallel, equivalently it satisfies ∇X
The mammary stem cell hierarchy: a looking glass into heterogeneous breast cancer landscapes
Authors: Sreekumar Amulya , Roarty Kevin , Rosen Jeffrey M
Published: July 2015

The mammary gland is a dynamic organ that undergoes extensive morphogenesis during the different stages of embryonic development, puberty, estrus, pregnancy, lactation and involution. Systemic and local cues underlie this constant tissue remodeling and act by eliciting an intricate pattern of responses in the mammary epithelial and stromal cells. Decades of studies utilizing methods such as transplantation and lineage-tracing have identified a complex hierarchy of mammary stem cells, progenitors and differentiated epithelial cells that fuel mammary epithelial development. Importantly, these studies have extended our understanding of the molecular crosstalk between cell types and the signaling pathways maintaining normal homeostasis that often are deregulated during tumorigenesis. While several questions remain, this research has many implications for breast cancer. Fundamental among these are the identification of the cells of origin for the multiple subtypes of breast cancer and the understanding of tumor heterogeneity. A deeper understanding of these critical questions will unveil novel breast cancer drug targets and treatment paradigms. In this review, we provide a current overview of normal mammary development and tumorigenesis from a stem cell perspective.
Development of a Tightly Controlled Off Switch for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Regulated by Camphor, a Low-Cost Natural Product
Authors: Ikushima Shigehito , Zhao Yu , Boeke Jef D
Published: July 2015

Here we describe the engineering of a distant homolog of the Tet repressor, CamR, isolated from Pseudomonas putida, that is regulated by camphor, a very inexpensive small molecule (at micromolar concentrations) for use in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The repressor was engineered by expression from a constitutive yeast promoter, fusion to a viral activator protein cassette, and codon optimization. A suitable promoter responsive to the CamR fusion protein was engineered by embedding a P. putida operator binding sequence within an upstream activating sequence (UAS)-less CYC1 promoter from S. cerevisiae. The switch, named the Camphor-Off switch, activates expression of a reporter gene in camphor-free media and represses it with micromolar concentrations of camphor.
Metabolic Impacts of Using Nitrogen and Copper-Regulated Promoters to Regulate Gene Expression in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Ouyang Shouqiang , Beecher Consuelo N , Wang Kang , Larive Cynthia K , Borkovich Katherine A
Published: July 2015

The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is a long-studied eukaryotic microbial system amenable to heterologous expression of native and foreign proteins. However, relatively few highly tunable promoters have been developed for this species. In this study, we compare the tcu-1 and nit-6 promoters for controlled expression of a GFP reporter gene in N. crassa. Although the copper-regulated tcu-1 has been previously characterized, this is the first investigation exploring nitrogen-controlled nit-6 for expression of heterologous genes in N. crassa. We determined that fragments corresponding to 1.5-kb fragments upstream of the tcu-1 and nit-6 open reading frames are needed for optimal repression and expression of GFP mRNA and protein. nit-6 was repressed using concentrations of glutamine from 2 to 20 mM and induced in medium containing 0.5–20 mM nitrate as the nitrogen source. Highest levels of expression were achieved within 3 hr of induction for each promoter and GFP mRNA could not be detected within 1 hr after transfer to repressing conditions using the nit-6 promoter. We also performed metabolic profiling experiments using proton NMR to identify changes in metabolite levels under inducing and repressing conditions for each promoter. The results demonstrate that conditions used to regulate tcu-1 do not significantly change the primary metabolome and that the differences between inducing and repressing conditions for nit-6 can be accounted for by growth under nitrate or glutamine as a nitrogen source. Our findings demonstrate that nit-6 is a tunable promoter that joins tcu-1 as a choice for regulation of gene expression in N. crassa.
Rapid Identification of Chemoresistance Mechanisms Using Yeast DNA Mismatch Repair Mutants
Authors: Ojini Irene , Gammie Alison
Published: July 2015

Resistance to cancer therapy is a major obstacle in the long-term treatment of cancer. A greater understanding of drug resistance mechanisms will ultimately lead to the development of effective therapeutic strategies to prevent resistance from occurring. Here, we exploit the mutator phenotype of mismatch repair defective yeast cells combined with whole genome sequencing to identify drug resistance mutations in key pathways involved in the development of chemoresistance. The utility of this approach was demonstrated via the identification of the known CAN1 and TOP1 resistance targets for two compounds, canavanine and camptothecin, respectively. We have also experimentally validated the plasma membrane transporter HNM1 as the primary drug resistance target of mechlorethamine. Furthermore, the sequencing of mitoxantrone-resistant strains identified inactivating mutations within IPT1, a gene encoding inositolphosphotransferase, an enzyme involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis. In the case of bactobolin, a promising anticancer drug, the endocytosis pathway was identified as the drug resistance target responsible for conferring resistance. Finally, we show that that rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor previously shown to alter the fitness of the ipt1 mutant, can effectively prevent the formation of mitoxantrone resistance. The rapid and robust nature of these techniques, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism, should accelerate the identification of drug resistance targets and guide the development of novel therapeutic combination strategies to prevent the development of chemoresistance in various cancers.
Targeted Gene Disruption by Ectopic Induction of DNA Elimination in Tetrahymena
Authors: Hayashi Azusa , Mochizuki Kazufumi
Published: July 2015

Tetrahymena is a useful eukaryotic model for biochemistry and molecular cell biology studies. We previously demonstrated that targeted ectopic DNA elimination, also called co-Deletion (coDel), can be induced by the introduction of an internal eliminated sequence (IES)-target DNA chimeric construct. In this study, we demonstrate that coDel occurs at most of the loci tested and can be used for the production of somatic gene KO strains. We also showed that coDel at two loci can be simultaneously induced by a single transformation; thus, coDel can be used to disrupt multiple gene loci in a single cell. Therefore, coDel is a useful tool for functional genetics in Tetrahymena and further extends the usefulness of this model organism.
Do Molecular Markers Inform About Pleiotropy?
Authors: Gianola Daniel , de los Campos Gustavo , Toro Miguel A , Naya Hugo , Schön Chris-Carolin , Sorensen Daniel
Published: July 2015

The availability of dense panels of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms and sequence variants has facilitated the study of statistical features of the genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases via whole-genome regressions (WGRs). At the onset, traits were analyzed trait by trait, but recently, WGRs have been extended for analysis of several traits jointly. The expectation is that such an approach would offer insight into mechanisms that cause trait associations, such as pleiotropy. We demonstrate that correlation parameters inferred using markers can give a distorted picture of the genetic correlation between traits. In the absence of knowledge of linkage disequilibrium relationships between quantitative or disease trait loci and markers, speculating about genetic correlation and its causes (e.g., pleiotropy) using genomic data is conjectural.
Contributions to the Morphology of Plectrohyla mykter (Anura: Hylidae), with Comments on Some Controversial Characters and the Diagnosis of this Species
Authors: Kaplan Moises , Heimes Peter , McCormack John
Published: July 2015

We describe the tadpole, juveniles, and two adult specimens of Plectrohyla mykter. The tadpole of this species is unique among Plectrohyla by having labial tooth row formula 4(4)/6. We found that tarsal fold, thoracic fold, and rostral keel are present in P. mykter but not evident in adults, and that the skin thickness is intermediate in comparison to other species of Plectrohyla. We conclude that these characters are not useful for the diagnosis of P. mykter and propose a new diagnosis for this species.
REPTILES DEL VALLE SECO DEL RIO MAGDALENA (HUILA, COLOMBIA)
Authors: Moreno-Arias Rafael , Quintero-Corzo Simón
Published: July 2015

Se presenta una caracterización de la fauna de reptiles del valle seco del río Magdalena en el departamento del Huila, así como la comparación faunística entre unidades de cobertura vegetal y épocas climáticas. Se registraron 31 especies pertenecientes a 30 géneros, 17 familias y dos órdenes. En el orden Squamata, la familia más diversa fue Teiidae (lagartijas) con tres especies y Colubridae (serpientes) con nueve. Para el orden Testudines se registró una especie. Con base en curvas de acumulación de especies y los estimadores no paramétricos Jackknife 2 y Bootstrap, para las lagartijas se obtuvo una alta representatividad en el muestreo (83% y 92% respectivamente), mientras que para las serpientes fue menor (75% y 82% respectivamente). La estructura y composición de los ensambles de reptiles en cada unidad de cobertura vegetal no fue significativamente diferente, en general se caracterizaron por presentar pocas especies con muchos individuos y numerosas especies raras. El arbustal presentó la mayor riqueza de especies seguido del bosque de ribera y los cultivos de cacao. En general la abundancia de reptiles fue mayor en la época de lluvias que en la época seca, sin embargo la manera en que responden las especies a las épocas climáticas está dada por sus características ecológicas, fisiológicas y comportamentales.
NOVEDADES TAXONÓMICAS Y COROLÓGICAS EN ECHEANDIA (ASPARAGACEAE)
Authors: Giraldo Diego
Published: July 2015

Echeandia flavescens (Asparagaceae) se registra por primera vez para Sudamérica (Colombia y Venezuela), mientras que Echeandia denticulata y Echeandia durangensis se reducen a la sinonimia de Echeandia flavescens. Echeandia flavescens es una entidad poliploide, por lo que exhibe una morfología muy variable, así como una amplia distribución geográfica. Se discute la disyunción geográfica de esta especie, se entregan datos sobre su ecología y posibles polinizadores en Colombia y se presentan algunas relaciones con especies morfológicamente afines.
Themistoclesia diazii, una nueva especie relacionada con los mortiños Colombianos (Ericaceae: Vaccinieae)1
Authors: Pedraza-Peñalosa Paola
Published: July 2015

Una nueva especies de Ericaceae (Vaccinieae) del Valle del Cauca colombiano, Themistoclesia diazii, es descrita, ilustrada y discutida. Esta nueva especie tiene una morfología florar peculiar que no se ha observado en otros miembros del género. Hasta la fecha, ésta especies es muy rara y sólo se conoce de los parches de bosque montano que rodean plantaciones de te.
THE ROLE OF PLANTATIONS OF THE AFRICAN PALM (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS) IN THE CONSERVATION OF SNAKES IN COLOMBIA
Authors: Lynch John
Published: July 2015

Monocultures of the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) were studied between 2006 and 2013 so as to determine which species of snakes frequented them and to estimate the abundances of each species encountered. Thirty five species of snakes (three boas, one coral, 27 colubrids, one tropidophid, one typhlopid, and two vipers) were captured within palmeras. Palm plantations are revealed to (1) augment the densities of ten species of snakes well beyond the densities found by collectors in natural and/or relatively transformed habitats and (2) to not offer benefits to at least 75% of the snake community found in the vicinities of palm plantations. The majority of snake species (60%) found in palmeras are nocturnal species. The most common species (defined by having 15 or more captures) were Atractus univittatus, Bothrops asper, B. atrox, Epicrates maurus, Leptodeira annulata, Liophis melanotus, Ninia atrata, Oxyrhopus petolarius, Pseudoboa neuwiedii, and Tantilla melanocephala. Palm plantations permit substantial local population sizes for a fraction (< 25%) of the local snake community. Internal practices of such plantations could be modified so as to protect a larger share of the fauna by means of two practices: (1) construction and maintenance of paleras as well as (2) creating a mosaic of palm plantations enclosing “islands” of secondary forests.
PCA Encrypted Short Acoustic Data Inculcated in Digital Color Images
Authors: Karamchandani Sunil H. , Gandhi Krutarth J. , Gosalia Siddharth R. , Madan Vinod K. , Merchant Shabbir N. , Desai Uday B.
Published: July 2015

We propose develop a generalized algorithm for hiding audio signal using image steganography. The authors suggest transmitting short audio messages camouflaged in digital images using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as an encryption technique. The quantum of principal components required to represent the audio signal by removing the redundancies is a measure of the magnitude of the Eigen values. The aforementioned technique follows a dual task of encryption and in turn also compresses the audio data, sufficient enough to be buried in the image. A 57Kb audio signal is decipher from the Stego image with a high PSNR of 47.49 and a correspondingly low mse of 3.3266 × 10􀀀^(-6) with an equalized high quality audio output. The consistent and comparable experimental results on application of the proposed method across a series of images demonstrate that PCA based encryption can be adapted as an universal rule for a specific payload and the desired compression ratio.
A Modified Membrane-Inspired Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimization for Mobile Robot Path Planning
Authors: Wang Xueyuan , Zhang Gexiang , Zhao Junbo , Rong Haina , Ipate Florentin , Lefticaru Raluca
Published: July 2015

To solve the multi-objective mobile robot path planning in a dangerous environment with dynamic obstacles, this paper proposes a modified membraneinspired algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (mMPSO), which combines membrane systems with particle swarm optimization. In mMPSO, a dynamic double one-level membrane structure is introduced to arrange the particles with various dimensions and perform the communications between particles in different membranes; a point repair algorithm is presented to change an infeasible path into a feasible path; a smoothness algorithm is proposed to remove the redundant information of a feasible path; inspired by the idea of tightening the fishing line, a moving direction adjustment for each node of a path is introduced to enhance the algorithm performance. Extensive experiments conducted in different environments with three kinds of grid models and five kinds of obstacles show the effectiveness and practicality of mMPSO.
An Anticipatory Control for a Flexible Manufacturing System Based on the Perception of Mobile Units Using WSNs
Authors: Silva-Faundez Joaquin Alder , Duran-Faundez Cristian , Melin Pedro , Aguilera Cristhian
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we design and evaluate a control system which, by using as input RSSI measures, allows anticipatory movements of robotic arms decreasing idle times at the CIMUBB Laboratory. Classical Log-Normal model, which relates the strength of a signal received by a node with the distance at which the sender of the signal is, was adopted. The hidden state of the system is determined by the Extended Kalman filter which allows us to estimate the distance and the speed of pallets moving over a closed-loop conveyor belt. From these estimates, remaining time in which the pallet will get to a stopping point near the robot is determined. This information is finally processed by a controller to determine the instant at which the robot must operate and handle the pallet. Both, a Proportional-Integral and a Fuzzy controller, were implemented and evaluated. Results show the feasibility of using wireless signals to accomplish the described goal, with some practical restrictions.
Triagem auditiva neonatal em recém-nascidos de mães soropositivas para o HIV
Authors: Manfredi Alessandra Kerli da Silva , Zuanetti Patrícia Aparecida , Mishima Fabíola , Granzotti Raphaela Barroso Guedes
Published: July 2015

OBJETIVO: Analisar as emissões otoacústicas de crianças nascidas de mães soropositivas para o HIV na triagem auditiva neonatal. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se a pesquisa das Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas por Transiente (EOAT) e do reflexo cócleo-palpebral (RCP) em 247 neonatos, todos nascidos a termo e sem fatores de risco para a audição. O Grupo Controle (GC) foi composto por 167 neonatos e o Grupo Pesquisa (GP) por 80 neonatos expostos ao HIV durante a gestação. Considerou-se "falha" quando o neonato apresentava ausência de EOAT em pelo menos uma das orelhas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: No Grupo Pesquisa, oito (10%) neonatos falharam na triagem auditiva neonatal e no Grupo Controle este número foi de sete (4,2%) (p=0,09). No reteste dos neonatos que falharam, houve a persistência da ausência das emissões otoacústicas em um neonato do Grupo Pesquisa (12,5%) e em dois neonatos (28,6%) do Grupo Controle (p=0,6). Em todos os neonatos houve a presença do RCP. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve associação entre ausência de EOA por transiente e a exposição do neonato ao HIV durante a gestação.
Habilidades de consciência fonológica em criança portadora da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida: pré e pós-terapia fonoaudiológica
Authors: Furlan Suzana Aparecida , Fukuda Marisa Tomoe Hebihara , Granzotti Raphaela Barroso Guedes
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar as habilidades de consciência fonológica em uma criança portadora da Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA) pré e pós-terapia fonoaudiológica. A participante foi uma criança do gênero feminino, de 6 anos de idade, aluna do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental, portadora de SIDA adquirida por transmissão vertical. Foi realizada uma avaliação das habilidades de consciência fonológica por meio da aplicação do teste Consciência Fonológica - Instrumento e Avaliação Sequencial (CONFIAS). Após, foi desenvolvido um programa terapêutico fechado (15 sessões) para consciência fonológica, composto por atividades em níveis silábico e fonêmico. Na última sessão, o teste CONFIAS foi reaplicado para investigação da efetividade da terapia. Na avaliação pré-terapia, a criança apresentou escore de 18 pontos nas tarefas em nível silábico e um ponto em tarefas em nível fonêmico, totalizando um escore de 19 pontos. Na avaliação pós-terapia, o escore obtido em tarefas silábicas foi de 26 pontos e em tarefas fonêmicas 11 pontos, totalizando um escore de 37 pontos. Este estudo permitiu-nos caracterizar o desempenho de uma criança com SIDA em tarefas de habilidades de consciência fonológica e a efetividade de um programa terapêutico. A pontuação obtida na avaliação pré-terapia mostrou-se bastante inferior ao esperado para a idade e apresentou evolução significativa após a realização de terapia fonoaudiológica. Assim, os profissionais envolvidos com esta população devem estar atentos aos programas terapêuticos que abordem, além de outros aspectos, as habilidades de processamento fonológico.
STUDENTS ATTITUDE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH
Authors: Ahrens Andreas , Zaščerinska Jeļena
Published: July 2015

Interdisciplinary research helps to turn bi-modal nature of phenomenon into success as interdisciplinary research ensures the synergy between two contrasting modes or forms. However, students’ attitude to interdisciplinary research has not been analysed. The purpose of the contribution is to analyse students’ attitude to interdisciplinary research underpinning elaboration of a hypothesis on ensuring students’ positive attitude to interdisciplinary research within university studies. The meaning of the key concepts of “interdisciplinary research” and “students’ attitude” is studied. Moreover, the logical chain of analysis is shown: interdisciplinary research → students’ attitude → empirical study within a multicultural environment. Directions of further research are proposed. The novel contribution of the paper is the notion and phases of interdisciplinary research worked out by the paper’s authors. 
AN ANALYSIS OF THE READINESS OF IT SPECIALTIES STUDENTS TO USE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Denysenko Veronika , Vinnyk Maksym , Tarasich Yulia
Published: July 2015

The development of ICT and globalization of education create new educational competitive environment which feature is the information communication technology and student mobility. So today, it is important not only the technical support of the educational process, but also the level of students’ readiness to use advanced information technology as one of the basic educational facility of information and communication teaching environment in higher educational establishments. In this regard, the main objectives of the paper are the analysis and display of the obtained results of research of IT specialties students' readiness of Ukrainian universities to use information technology in the educational process.
Aspects of personality’s value education in the life story of Jānis Mencis, Sr.
Authors: Krastiņa Elfrīda , Drelinga Elga
Published: July 2015

In a democratic society humane personality is the highest value. That is as well the overall aim of upbringing. At different ages diverse priorities put themselves out. What are the contemporary priorities in value education and how to realise them? In order to find motive for the task of upbringing in school, we shall analyse the experience of previous generations. The aim of the article: to find out the cognitions in value education by the distinguished teacher Janis Mencis (1914-2011) that could prove useful to contemporary teachers in teaching to children love towards their motherland, its history and culture. As it is well known, the best means for upbringing is authority, inspiring model whom to resemble and love. Likewise contemporary teachers have the necessity to become educators whom children and teenagers would like to imitate. Personality of Janis Mencis (Sr.) is the paragon of several generations of whose experience we can learn.
Pedagogical Conditions for Organization of Self-regulation Based Study Process
Authors: Jurjāns Pauls , Fernāte Andra
Published: July 2015

Global trends of modern society are directed to individuals’ active involvement in socializations processes by letting it take a role as sovereign, self-determination orientated subject. To let this process pass as successful as it should, it’s necessary already in the process of learning to devote the favorable conditions. Self-regulation as progression impeller for purposeful personality is significant component as well in professional as in educational process. Self-regulation in closes self-evaluation, judgment formation and self-reactions, which could be developed and mobilized to make changes in individuals’ self-management. Research target is to find out pedagogical conditions for organization of self-regulation based study process, by analyzing self-regulations theoretical aspects and expressions.
Traditional and Innovative in the Pedagogical Process Nowadays : Some Problems and Solutions
Authors: Anspoka Zenta
Published: July 2015

There are problems analyzed in this scientific article that are connected with the ensuring of the traditional experience and purposeful innovations in the pedagogical process nowadays. Based on the empirical research data the attention is focused on the formation of student’s learning experience, application of such internal and external learning tools, which stimulate student’s thinking and responsibility for the result of their work. The ideas about purposeful integration of learning content and content of a scientific disciplineare emphasized, as well as the role of student’s language in the process of promotion of student’s thinking and socio-cultural competence, deepened understanding about human values and teacher’s experience of analytical skills to separate the scientifically proper information from the pseudoscientific information.
HISTORY OF THE CHILDHOOD : THE REFLECTION OF THE TEACHER ’ S IMAGE IN DOLLS
Authors: Kaļķe Baiba , Rudzīte Meldra
Published: July 2015

The toys are an indispensible part of the childhood. They influence the formation of the child’s conceptions because through them the child perceives and learns about the world. Dolls are toys that have not lost their topicality since the origins of the humankind. As the visual information dominates it is important what information is expressed by dolls-teachers because children will arrive at school having already some notions about the teacher. This can influence children’s relations with the teacher and the school. The aim of the article is to analyze the image of dolls – teachers. The used methods are the analysis of literature and material/visual sources. Pictures of 207 teachers- dolls were analyzed. The obtained results reveal what representations these toys can create in children. The started study marks new trends in the research of the teacher’s image and toys.