bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Diluted Dakin's Solution Versus Standard Care on Diabetic Foot Ulcers Management: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jaber Deema , Younes Nidal , Khalil Enam , Albsoul-Younes Abla , Mismar Ayman , Nassar Moayyad , Al-Bakri Amal G
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are main cause of hospitalizations and amputations in diabetic patients. Failure of standard foot care is the most important cause of impaired DFUs healing. Dakin's solution (DS; sodium hypochlorite) is a promising broad spectrum bactericidal antiseptic for DFUs management. Studies investigating the efficacy of using DS solution on DFUs healing process are scarce. Accordingly, this is the first evidence based randomized control trial study conducted to evaluate the effect of using diluted DS compared with the standard care in the management of infected DFUs. Methods: Randomized control trial study was conducted to assess the efficacy of DS in the management of infected DFUs. Patients were randomly distributed to control group (DFUs irrigated with normal saline) and intervention group (DFUs irrigated with 0.1% DS). Patients were followed for at least 24 weeks for healing, reinfection or amputations. In-vitro antimicrobial testing on DS was performed including determination of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and suspension test. Results: Replacing normal saline irrigation in DFU standard care with 0.1% DS followed by soaking the ulcer with commercial sodium hypochlorite (0.08 %) after patient discharge significantly improved ulcer healing (p< 0.001) and decreased number of amputations and hospitalizations (p< 0.001). The endpoint of death from any cause (RR 0.13; p = 0.029) and the amputation rate (RR 0.27; p<0.001) were also significantly reduced. The effect on ulcer closure (OR 11.9; p<0.001) was significantly enhanced in comparison to the control group. Moreover, DS irrigation for inpatients, significantly decreased bacterial load (p< 0.001), The in-vitro analysis results of DS were: MIC (1.44%), MBC (2.88%), MBIC (1.08%) and MBEC (2.87%). Conclusions: Compared with standard care, diluted DS (0.1%) was more effective in the management of infected DFUs. DS (0.1%) irrigation with debridement followed by standard care is a promising method in the management of infected DFUs.
Somatic aging pathways regulate reproductive plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ow Maria C , Nichitean Alexandra M , Hall Sarah E
Published: July 2021

In animals, early-life stress can result in programmed changes in gene expression that can affect their adult phenotype. InC. elegansnematodes, starvation during the first larval stage promotes entry into a stress-resistant dauer stage until environmental conditions improve. Adults that have experienced dauer (postdauers) retain a memory of early-life starvation that results in gene expression changes and reduced fecundity. Here, we show that the endocrine pathways attributed to the regulation of somatic aging inC. elegansadults lacking a functional germline also regulate the reproductive phenotypes of postdauer adults that experienced early-life starvation. We demonstrate that postdauer adults reallocate fat to benefit progeny at the expense of the parental somatic fat reservoir and exhibit increased longevity compared to controls. Our results also show that the modification of somatic fat stores due to parental starvation memory is inherited in the F1generation and may be the result of crosstalk between somatic and reproductive tissues mediated by the germline nuclear RNAi pathway.
DNA-RNA hybrids at DSBs interfere with repair by homologous recombination
Authors: Ortega Pedro , Mérida-Cerro José Antonio , Rondón Ana G , Gómez-González Belén , Aguilera Andrés
Published: July 2021

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most harmful DNA lesions and their repair is crucial for cell viability and genome integrity. The readout of DSB repair may depend on whether DSBs occur at transcribed versus non-transcribed regions. Some studies have postulated that DNA-RNA hybrids form at DSBs to promote recombinational repair, but others have challenged this notion. To directly assess whether hybrids formed at DSBs promote or interfere with the recombinational repair, we have used plasmid and chromosomal-based systems for the analysis of DSB-induced recombination inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that, as expected, DNA-RNA hybrid formation is stimulated at DSBs. In addition, mutations that promote DNA-RNA hybrid accumulation, such ashpr1∆andrnh1∆ rnh201∆, cause high levels of plasmid loss when DNA breaks are induced at sites that are transcribed. Importantly, we show that high levels or unresolved DNA-RNA hybrids at the breaks interfere with their repair by homologous recombination. This interference is observed for both plasmid and chromosomal recombination and is independent of whether the DSB is generated by endonucleolytic cleavage or by DNA replication. These data support a model in which DNA-RNA hybrids form fortuitously at DNA breaks during transcription and need to be removed to allow recombinational repair, rather than playing a positive role.
ЧИСЛЕННОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ МАССОПЕРЕНОСА В ПРОТОЧНОМ ВОДОЕМЕ, "Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика"
Authors: Рахуба А.В. , Шмакова М.В. , Кондратьев С.А.
Published: July 2021

Представлена модель массопереноса в Куйбышевском водохранилище, разработанная на основе системы уравнений «мелкой воды», модели конвективно-диффузионного переноса растворенного вещества, а также аналитических формул для расчета общего расхода наносов и мутности воды. Модель была использована для оценки геоэкологического состояния Куйбышевского водохранилища в части качества воды. Оценка параметров модели выполнена с применением данных натурных изменений в пунктах мониторинга. Проведена серия имитационных расчетов течений в акватории водохранилища, распространения шлейфов вод притоков и переноса взвешенных частиц при различных гидрометеорологических ситуациях в условиях средней водности. Показано, что скорости и траектории распространения речных водных масс зависят как от наличия ветровой циркуляции течений, так и от режима стока в акватории. Формирование пространственной конфигурации шлейфов речных вод в плёсовых районах водохранилища определяется скоростью и направленностью циркуляционных ветровых течений. Значения удельного расхода наносов в водохранилище при сильных ветрах меняются на порядок. В результате решения поставленной задачи продемонстрированы возможности представленной модели и дана оценка распространения растворенной примеси (возможно загрязненной), а также транспорта и переотложения речных наносов в различных точках акватории при различных гидрометеорологических условиях.
Four Pillars of an Educational Institution: Why are they Important?
Authors: Wangchuk Chencho
Published: July 2021

An educational institution is a home to thousands of inquisitive learners, and the quality of their learning, upbringing, and nurturance are predictive of our futures. To ensure that they are skillfully trained, progressively fostered, and compassionately nurtured, there are four pillars – leadership, workplace culture, physical structure and human resource – which are both foundational and indispensable to an institution. Only supportive interrelationship among these pillars can guarantee cognitive, emotional and behavioral progresses among or between learners, educators, administrators, and managers.
Solar Energy Applications in Agriculture with Special Reference to North Western Himalayan Region
Authors: Mir Nazim Hamid , Bahar Fayaz A. , Mehdi Syed S. , Alie Bashir A. , Bhat M. Anwar , Azad Ayman , Hussain Nazeer , Iqbal Sadaf , Fayaz Shayista
Published: July 2021

The UN Sustainability Goals emphasise on use of renewable sources of energy viz wind, solar, hydro power, biomass etc which are increasingly becoming important in the global energy mix. India with a 900 GW potential, aims to have 175 GW by 2022 and about 40% of total power production from renewable sources by 2030 with solar source contributing the most (83 %). Solar energy is the most fundamental renewable energy resource with many agricultural applications. The abundance of solar energy makes it suitable for electricity and thermal applications and hence can be used in agriculture in photovoltaic electricity generation, powering irrigation, crop and grain drying, pesticide application, green house heating and ventilation, cold storages etc. North western Himalayan regions are energy-poor with high energy requirements. Low ambient temperature, high Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and Direct Net Irradiance (DNI) of 4.8-6.43 kWh per square metre per day indicate huge solar potential, higher solar photovoltaic electricity and solar thermal production efficiency. Solar energy can replace or supplement conventional sources used for domestic and agricultural applications in the region. However, the use of solar energy is limited by policy and regulatory obstacles, financial obstacles, land availability constraints and low PV conversion efficiency. Hence a robust policy, financial measures and technological refinement are needed to remove the bottlenecks. In this paper, attempts have been made to discuss solar energy use in agriculture, scope in the north western Himalayan region of India and future recommended strategies.
The Accompaniment Skeletal Findings in Traumatic Pelvic Injuries in Public Tertiary Hospitals in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf A. O. Adebola , Jinadu F. O. , Onuoha K. M. , Adefalujo A. P. , Thompson M. U. , Awoyemi Z. A. , Ajiboye O. F. , Akinola R. A.
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study evaluated the attendant skeletal fracture accompaniments in traumatic pelvic fractures using plain radiography.

Study Design: A prospective cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The Accident and Emergency Departments of three hospitals namely; Lagos University Teaching Hospital, National Orthopedic Hospital, Igbobi, and Lagos State Health Service Commission’s Accident and Emergency Services Hospitals (LASEMS) between January 1st and December 31st 2009.).

Methodology: One hundred (100) patients of all ages diagnosed by plain radiography with pelvic traumatic injury were recruited from the hospitals stated above. There were 51males and 49 females. The sociodemographic and clinical data of the patients as well as the radiographic skeletal findings and types of trauma were entered into a Microsoft excel database for cleanup and statistical analysis. Statistical analysis was done using Epi Info Version 6 Statistical Software on an IBM-compatible computer.,

Results: Forty two (42) patients in sex distribution of sixteen (16) males and twenty six (26) females presented with sixty seven (67) different categories of accompaniment skeletal fractures. Injuries to the femur, limb shortening and head injuries were found in decreasing order.
Formulation, Overall Acceptability, Nutritive Value Assessment of Gluten-free, Vegan Bread and Comparison with Contemporary Gluten-free Bread
Authors: Laddha Akansha , Deshpande Pankaj , More Shamal , Hedaoo Radhika
Published: July 2021

Gluten-free and vegan bakery items have been gaining popularity. Their demand has increased over the past few years, with India being one of the largest gluten-free food consumers. The gluten-free pieces of bread available in the market are crumbly in nature and have a dry mouthfeel, reducing its overall acceptability among consumers. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to develop gluten-free and vegan bread and enrich it with a functional component such as flaxseeds and assess its overall acceptability and nutritional value compared to gluten-free bread available in the market. Once the product was standardized for its serving size and yield, various sensory evaluation trials were conducted using 9 points hedonic scale on bread attributes with the help of semi-trained(n=30)and trained panellists(n=3). Proximate analysis of macronutrients was conducted along with the microbial analysis. The proximate analysis showed that the experimental product had a higher protein content(18.26g)and a lower fat content (5.58g) as compared to the market-bought control sample of gluten-free bread (Total protein content was 3.44g and total fat content was 9.20g). The experimental bread microbial analysis indicated that the total plate count, yeast and mold count, and coli form count were in the acceptable range. Salmonella and E.coli were absent in the sample Statistical analysis using paired t-test was performed found a significant difference between the experimental and control group among the following characteristics: taste/flavour, texture/mouth feel, and overall acceptability (p≤0.05). A shelf-life study of the bread was conducted, and it was seen that the bread remained sensorial acceptable for three days at a refrigerated temperature and four days at room temperature. The bread had a higher nutritional profile than the control sample and received higher overall acceptability.
High-frequency Coronal Discharge, Infrared Thermography and Visual Acuity Measurements of Bioelectromagnetic Influence
Authors: Ignatov Ignat , Antonov Anton , Neshev Nikolai , Niggli Hugo , Stoyanov Chavdar , Drossinakis Christos
Published: July 2021

Bioelectromagnetic influence on the eyes of a group of 336 subjects with various vision disorders: amblyopia, myopia and hypermetropia were investigated with high-frequency black-white and color coronal discharge, infrared thermography and visual acuity measurements. The authors have performed registration of the biggest part of electromagnetic fields – infrared and electric fields. Positive correlation with r=0.55­0.65 at a level of significance of p<0.01 was found between the temperature change (connected with vasodilation) in the influenced areas and the average change of visual acuity (visus). In the cases without correction, Student’s t-test of visus values for both eyes before and after bioelectromagnetic influence lead to t=6.0­6.7 at significance level p<0.001 and average increase of 14.5%. In the cases of refraction amblyopia, for the difference in both eyes with correction,t was equal to 6.7­7.1 at significance level p<0.001 and the average visus was increased and was 25.5%. Concerning the correlation between the temperature difference and the effective width of the high-frequency corona discharge, it was found that r=6.0­6.7 at significance level p<0.001.The dependence of the bio effect on the stage of the vision disorder (light, medium, heavy) was investigated. A distinct regularity was found with a coefficient of correlation r ranging from ­0,35 to ­0,45 at significance level p<0,001 that the influence efficiency was highest in light disorders and lowest in heavy disorders. Single-factor dispersion analysis was performed concerning age-related dependence of the healing effect in cases of visual disorders. For the three groups: 4­-10, 11-­21 and 22­-49 years of age, we found that F=4,4­-4,6 at significance level p<0.01 corresponding to higher healing results at younger ages.
A escravidão e o acesso à terra nas concepções de Luís Antônio de Oliveira Mendes (1792-1821)
Authors: De Mello Pereira Magnus Roberto
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo explora o ideário de Luís Antônio de Oliveira Mendes sobre um conjunto de temas referentes à escravidão e ao regime fundiário na transição do século XVIII para o XIX: o controle da crueldade dos senhores de escravos; a condenação da escravidão perpétua; e a distribuição de terras baldias entre libertos e outros despossuídos. Para entender esse ideário foi preciso compreender e localizar historicamente a origem familiar e o universo da formação intelectual de Oliveira Mendes, da qual fez parte a Universidade de Coimbra e a Academia Real das Ciências de Lisboa.Slavery and access to land in Luís Antônio de Oliveira Mendes’ views (1792-1821)This article explores Luís Antônio de Oliveira Mendes’ ideas about themes related to slavery and the land ownership regime at the turn of the 19th century: the control of the cruelty of slaveholders; the condemnation of perpetual slavery; and the distribution of unoccupied land to freed and other dispossessed people. In understanding Oliveira Mendes’ ideas, it is necessary to comprehend and historically locate his family origin and of the intellectual formation of Oliveira Mendes, which included the University of Coimbra and the Royal Academy of Sciences in Lisbon.Slavery | Anti-slavery | Land distribution | Luso-Brazilian intellectuals
Catarina Juliana e sua sociedade de culto: rituais e práticas religiosas na Angola setecentista
Authors: Precioso Daniel
Published: July 2021

Este artigo descreve e interpreta as práticas religiosas realizadas pela sacerdotisa angolana Catarina Juliana (e sua sociedade de culto) em uma região interiorana do reino de Angola durante o século XVIII. Os rituais e símbolos descritos no processo inquisitorial contra Catarina Juliana são interpretados a partir de uma análise hermenêutica e comparativa, e o aparato conceitual do estudo é fornecido pela antropologia simbólica. O caso analisado revela que angolanos, mesmo quando batizados na religião dos colonizadores, resistiam em suas práticas religiosas tradicionais. Procura-se, aqui, demonstrar que diferentes rituais, antes conduzidos por sacerdotes especializados, passaram a ser acumulados pelos banganga de uma mesma sociedade de culto na Angola setecentista.Catarina Juliana and her cult group: rituals and religious practices in eightheenth Century AngolaThis article describes and interprets the religious practices performed by the Angolan priestess Catarina Juliana (and her cult group) in an inland region of the Kingdom of Angola during the 18th century. The rituals and symbols described in the inquisitorial process against Catarina Juliana are interpreted based on a hermeneutic and comparative analysis, using an approach coming from symbolic anthropology. The case analyzed shows that Angolans, even when baptized in the religion of the colonizers, continued their traditional religious practices. It seeks to demonstrate that different rituals, previously led by specialized priests, came to be accumulated by the banganga of the same cult society in 18th century Angola.Cult society | Religious practices | Angola | 18th century
Diversidade sexual e de gênero, Estado nacional e paisagens heterotópicas no Irã: Foucault e depois
Authors: Gontijo Fabiano
Published: July 2021

No final da década de 1970, o mundo acompanhou os acontecimentos revolucionários que levaram à destituição da monarquia e à instauração de uma república islâmica no Irã. Michel Foucault viu nesses acontecimentos, caracterizados pela “espiritualidade política”, um potencial crítico à modernidade ocidental. Trata-se aqui de produzir uma reflexão sobre o impacto dessa “espiritualidade política” na construção de um Estado nacional baseado em tecnologias de poder/saber geradoras de distopia e conformadoras de uma ideologia nacional teocrática preocupada com o controle dos corpos e a imposição da heteronormatividade. Será possível, assim, abordar os modos criativos de resistência ao regime de verdade vigente e de produção de formas de subjetivação alternativas, principalmente no que diz respeito às experiências da diversidade sexual e de gênero. Esses modos compõem paisagens heterotópicas que desafiam a distopia reinante, como sugerido por minha experiência etnográfica no Irã em fevereiro de 2019. Gender and Sexual Diversity, National State and Heterotopic Landscape: Foucault and BeyondAt the end of the 1970s, the world followed the revolutionary events that led to the end of the monarchy and the establishment of an Islamic republic in Iran. Michel Foucault saw these events, characterized by a “political spirituality”, as a potential critic of Western modernity. This study presents a reflection on the effect of this “political spirituality” in the construction of a national State based on technologies of power/knowledge that generate a dystopia and shape a national theocratic ideology concerned with the control of bodies and the imposition of heteronormativity. This article shows the original ways of resistance established to counter the regime of truth and to produce an alternative way of being, especially regarding the experiences of gender and sexual diversity. These ways compose a heterotopic landscape that challenge the reigning dystopia, as suggested by observations in Iran in February 2019.Sexuality | State | Nation | Heterotopia | Iran
"Por sua liberdade me oferece uma escrava": alforrias por substituição na Bahia, 1800-1850
Authors: Reis João José
Published: July 2021

O artigo discute a alforria por substituição, modalidade em que o escravo trocava sua liberdade dando em troca outro escravo, tornando-se, pelo menos temporariamente, um senhor de escravos escravizado. Os dados derivam de mais de 400 casos de alforrias registradas nos tabeliães de Salvador, destacando a cidade como local no Brasil em que esse tipo de alforria foi mais usado. O artigo relaciona a substituição ao volume do tráfico transatlântico, à escravidão urbana e ao acesso a redes do tráfico pelos escravos que investiam em outros escravos. Uma das possíveis explicações para o fenômeno vem da natureza da escravidão na parte da África onde se originava a maioria dos cativos baianos, onde a posse de escravos por outros escravos era prática comum. Mas a relação senhor/escravo ganha o centro da cena. Sendo a concessão da alforria prerrogativa senhorial, da mesma forma o era a licença para cativos formarem uma poupança para comprar seus substitutos. Discute-se as negociações entre senhores e alforriados, apontando circunstâncias envolvidas. Vários aspectos da negociação são revelados através de exemplos concretos. O artigo traça, entre outros achados quantitativos, os perfis étnico (com predominância de nagôs) e por gênero (com predominância de mulheres), tanto entre substitutos como entre substituídos, vinculando esse resultado à direção do fluxo do tráfico e à dinâmica do trabalho de ganho na cidade.“For Her Freedom, She Offers me a Slave”: Manumission by Substitution in Bahia, 1800-1850The article discusses manumission by substitution, in which a slave bought his/her freedom giving another slave in exchange, thus becoming, temporarily at least, an enslaved slaveowner. The data derives from more than 400 letters of manumission registered by public notaries in Salvador, making the city a leader in this type of manumission in Brazil. The article relates substitutions to the volume of the transatlantic slave trade, to urban slavery, and access to slave trading networks by the slaves who acquired captives. A possible explanation for the phenomenon is that in the part of Africa where most Bahian slaves originated, possession of slaves by other slaves was a common practice. But in Bahia master-slave relations gains center stage. The concession of manumission was the master’s prerogative, and so was permission for a slave to amass savings and use them to buy another slave. Negotiations between masters and slaves are discussed on the basis of concrete cases. Among other quantitative findings, the article also traces the ethnic (predominantly Nagô) and gender (predominantly female) profiles of both the substitutes and those they substituted, linking the results to both the direction of the slave trade and the dynamics of urban slavery.Slave trade and urban slavery | Manumission by substitution | Nineteenth-century Bahia, Brazil
A modernidade da escravidão e o capitalismo norte-americano
Authors: Lima Henrique Espada
Published: July 2021

BAPTIST, Edward E.. A metade que nunca foi contada:  a escravidão e a construção do capitalismo norte-americano. Rio de Janeiro/São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 2019. Tradução de Fernanda Miguens. 551 p.
Liberdade negada
Authors: Moreira Paulo Roberto Staudt
Published: July 2021

Resenha de:SÁ, Gabriela Barreto de. A negação da liberdade: direito e escravização ilegal no Brasil oitocentista (1835-1874). Belo Horizonte: Letramento; Casa do Direito, 2019. 175p.
Debate sobre a resenha de "Não somos bandidos"
Authors: Cahen Michel , Carvalho Juvenal de
Published: July 2021

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Uma Análise Bibliométrica Sobre Compras Públicas em Projetos de Inovação
Authors: Cortinhas Luciana Maria De Oliveira , Barbalho Sanderson César Macedo
Published: July 2021

O estudo objetivou realizar uma análise bibliométrica quantitativa acerca do tema Compras Públicas em Projetos de Inovação. Publicações sobre o assunto foram identificadas por meio de consultas na base de dados Scopus com limitação de período até 2017. Os resultados destacam os autores que mais publicam na área, os periódicos mais relevantes, os tipos de documentos utilizados para divulgação das pesquisas, as áreas às quais o tema está vinculado, os países mais interessados na temática, o período em que o tema apresentou maior ascensão e o posicionamento do Brasil nas pesquisas sobre esse assunto. Primeiramente foi elaborado um portfólio composto de 235 documentos, que contribuíram para os resultados apresentados no início do estudo, após, foram identificados os 40 documentos mais referenciados, entre 2007 e 2017, com autores e palavras-chave mais citados. O estudo ainda proporciona a continuação da pesquisa por meio de uma análise qualitativa do portfólio preparado.
Investimento Tecnológico: limites e impactos no Estado de Alagoas na perspectiva da Indústria 4.0
Authors: Santa Rita Luciana Peixoto , Ferreira Junior Reynaldo Rubem , Sá Eliana Maria Oliveira , Silva Joaquim Alexandre Ramos
Published: July 2021

A importância ao tema investimento tecnológico cresce no âmbito da Indústria 4.0. O artigo tem por objetivo analisar o nível de investimento tecnológico em Alagoas na perspectiva da Indústria 4.0. Especificamente, almeja identificar o perfil da estrutura industrial, analisar a composição dos investimentos tecnológicos, o uso dastecnologias da Indústria 4.0 e as tecnologias em que a indústria pretende investir nos próximos anos. Pretende-se responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: quais são os limites e os impactos do investimento tecnológico sob a perspectiva da Indústria 4.0? O estudo é quali-quantitativo, sendo descritivo quanto aos objetivos. Para tal, aplicou-se um survey em uma amostra de 150 indústrias, configurando uma margem de erro de 7,5% e com intervalo de confiança de 95%.  É possível aferir como resultado que a indústria possui reduzido nível de investimento em tecnologias habilitadoras da Indústria 4.0, mas com previsão de níveis mais elevados nos próximos anos.
Tendências no Uso de Inteligência Artificial e sua Influência na Requalificação da Força de Trabalho no Setor Público
Authors: Silva Washington Fernando da , Silva Fernando Selleri , Rabêlo Olivan Da Silva
Published: July 2021

Este estudo pretende identificar as tendências acadêmicas e tecnológicas, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e patentário, sobre o uso da Inteligência Artificial (IA) no setor público e como esse uso poderá complementar, requalificar ou substituir a força de trabalho humana nos governos. Constatou-se que o uso de IA é crescente no setor público e que em alguns tipos de trabalho as tecnologias cognitivas poderão até substituir os servidores. O maior reflexo da IA no setor público será a complementação e a requalificação da força de trabalho, já que o seu uso pode resultar na liberação de até 50% do tempo dos servidores públicos, liberando-os para desenvolver habilidades nas quais as máquinas não superaram o trabalho humano. Os resultados apontam que as tecnologias de IA mudarão o funcionamento do governo e afetarão estruturalmente o planejamento, a estratégia e a gestão de recursos humanos, que deverá considerar o aumento da interação dos humanos com a tecnologia. 
“Somos do Alto do Moura, da terra do artesão”: diversidade e resistência na Mazurca Pé Quente – Caruaru/PE
Authors: Santos Marília Paula Dos
Published: July 2021

Esse artigo surgiu a partir do trabalho realizado para o “Inventário do Ofício dos Artesãos e Artesãs do Barro do Alto do Moura – Caruaru-PE”, que tem como objetivo fazer o pedido de patrimonialização do Alto do Moura. A arte do barro no Alto do Moura está relacionada com várias expressões culturais/artísticas/tradicionais. Por isso elas também foram registradas. A mazurca é uma delas. Esse artigo tem como objetivo descrever a história da mazurca no Alto do Moura e apontar como ela tem resistido, se modificado e ressignificado diante das várias mudanças. Para isso foram realizadas entrevistas com componentes e ex-componentes da Mazurca Pé Quente do Alto do Moura. Também utilizamos bibliografia específica sobre a mazurca em Pernambuco.
Osmoregulation by Vertebrates in Aquatic Environments
Authors: Lillywhite Harvey B , Evans David H
Published: July 2021

Because the salt concentration of body fluids in aquatic vertebrates differs from that of their environment, they face net influx or efflux of water and salt across their permeable skin or exposed membranes. In fishes, these diffusional movements of both salts and water largely involve the gills. Other vertebrates have less permeable body surfaces, but water and salts are gained in drinking that is incidental to eating prey, which also can be an important source of salt intake. Kidneys function importantly in freshwater fishes to remove excess water, and ions are actively transported inwards across gill tissue as well as acquired in food. Marine fishes tend to dehydrate in seawater, so they drink seawater to make up a water deficit and secrete excess salt across the gills. Marine elasmobranch fishes accumulate urea in body fluids to minimise the gradient for osmotic exchange and secrete excess ions via a specialised rectal gland that functions accessory to the kidney. In other vertebrates, inhabitants of fresh water must counteract a key problem of acquiring sufficient ions while excreting nitrogenous waste as ammonia or urea, whereas marine species must avoid excess salt intake while avoiding dehydration. Vertebrates without gills have evolved either extrarenal salt glands that excrete excess salt, or in the case of mammals, a specialised kidney that can excrete highly concentrated urine. Relatively few, non‐fish taxa drink seawater as a route for water gain, while most others have dependency on dietary, metabolic or free drinking water.

Osmoregulation involves the maintenance of volume, distribution and ionic composition of body fluids in organisms.

With the exception of hagfish, extant vertebrates maintain osmotic concentrations of body fluids at levels that are roughly one‐third that of seawater.

Aquatic vertebrates living in fresh water must counteract excessive influx of water and losses of ions to the surrounding environment, whereas those living in marine environments tend to dehydrate and gain excess salt.

Freshwater fishes eliminate excess water by means of producing a copious flow of dilute urine, while acquiring ions from surrounding water by transporter mechanisms located in the gills.

Marine fishes acquire needed water by drinking seawater and excreting excess salt gained by diffusion and drinking by transport mechanisms in the gills.

Marine vertebrates other than fishes and mammals have evolved extrarenal salt glands that excrete excess salts, and water is gained largely from dietary, metabolic and freshwater drinking sources.

Marine mammals excrete salt loads and urea from kidneys that have effective concentrating abilities, while gaining water from diet and metabolism.
Enhancement of Spin–Orbit Torque by Strain Engineering in SrRuO3 Films
Authors: Wei Jinwu , Zhong Hai , Liu Jiuzhao , Wang Xiao , Meng Fanqi , Xu Hongjun , Liu Yizhou , Luo Xin , Zhang Qinghua , Guang Yao , Feng Jiafeng , Zhang Jia , Yang Lihong , Ge Chen , Gu Lin , Jin Kuijuan , Yu Guoqiang , Han Xiufeng
Published: July 2021

Complex oxides with 4d/5d transition metal ions, e.g., SrRuO3, usually possess strong spin–orbit coupling, which potentially leads to efficient charge‐spin interconversion. As the electrical transport property of SrRuO3 can be readily tuned via structure control, it serves as a platform for studying the manipulation of charge‐spin interconversion. Here, a factor of twenty enhancement of spin–orbit torque (SOT) efficiency via strain engineering in a SrRuO3/Ni81Fe19 bilayer is reported. The results show that an orthorhombic SrRuO3 leads to a higher SOT efficiency than the tetragonal one. By changing the strain from compressive to tensile in the orthorhombic SrRuO3, the SOT efficiency can be increased from an average value of 0.04 to 0.89, corresponding to a change of spin Hall conductivity from 27 to 441 × ħ/e (S cm−1). The first‐principles calculations show that the intrinsic Berry curvature can give rise to a large spin Hall conductivity (SHC) via the strain control, which is consistent with the experimental observations. The results provide a route to further enhance the SOT efficiency in complex oxide‐based heterostructures, which will potentially promote the application of complex oxides in energy‐efficient spintronic devices.
Activating Both Basal Plane and Edge Sites of Layered Cobalt Oxides for Boosted Water Oxidation
Authors: Li Yu , Chen Gao , Zhu Yanping , Hu Zhiwei , Chan Ting‐Shan , She Sixuan , Dai Jie , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping
Published: July 2021

Layered AxCoO2 materials built by stacking layers of CoO2 slabs and inserting alkali ions in between them have shown a promising activity of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their active edge sites. However, the large basal plane areas of the CoO2 slabs show too strong adsorption energy to the reaction intermediates, which is unfavorable for the release of O2. Here, a simple cation‐exchange strategy based on Fe3+ and alkali ions is proposed to simultaneously activate both the basal plane and edge sites of AxCoO2 for the OER. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy has revealed that the Fe3+ ions deposit both on the surface and edge sites of the CoO2 slabs and enter the interlayer. The cation‐exchanged AxCoO2 electrodes show a boosted activity compared to their pristine and conventional Fe‐doped AxCoO2 counterparts. This phenomenon is mainly ascribed to the abundant edge‐sharing Co–Fe motifs at the edge sites and the charge redistribution in the basal plane sites induced by the insertion of Fe3+ ions. This work provides a novel method to fully exploit layer‐structured materials for efficient energy conversion.
Disclosing the Role of Defect‐Engineered Metal–Organic Frameworks in Mixed Matrix Membranes for Efficient CO2 Separation: A Joint Experimental‐Computational Exploration
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon , Ozcan Aydin , Park Inho , Fan Dong , Jang Jun Kyu , Mileo Paulo G. M. , Yoo Seung Yeon , Roh Ji Soo , Kang Jun Hyeok , Lee Byung Kwan , Cho Young Hoon , Semino Rocio , Kim Hyo Won , Maurin Guillaume , Park Ho Bum
Published: July 2021

Incorporation of defects in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offers new opportunities for manipulating their microporosity and functionalities. The so‐called “defect engineering” has great potential to tailor the mass transport properties in MOF/polymer mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for challenging separation applications, for example, CO2 capture. This study first investigates the impact of MOF defects on the membrane properties of the resultant MOF/polymer MMMs for CO2 separation. Highly porous defect‐engineered UiO‐66 nanoparticles are successfully synthesized and incorporated into a CO2‐philic crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) matrix. A thorough joint experimental/simulation characterization reveals that defect‐engineered UiO‐66/PEGDA MMMs exhibit nearly identical filler–matrix interfacial properties regardless of the defect concentrations of their parental UiO‐66 filler. In addition, non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations in tandem with gas transport studies disclose that the defects in MOFs provide the MMMs with ultrafast transport pathways mainly governed by diffusivity selectivity. Ultimately, MMMs containing the most defective UiO‐66 show the most enhanced CO2/N2 separation performance—CO2 permeability = 470 Barrer (four times higher than pure PEGDA) and maintains CO2/N2 selectivity = 41—which overcomes the trade‐off limitation in pure polymers. The results emphasize that defect engineering in MOFs would mark a new milestone for the future development of optimized MMMs.
Ultrasound‐Powered Implants: A Critical Review of Piezoelectric Material Selection and Applications
Authors: Turner Brendan L. , Senevirathne Seedevi , Kilgour Katie , McArt Darragh , Biggs Manus , Menegatti Stefano , Daniele Michael A.
Published: July 2021

Ultrasound‐powered implants (UPIs) represent cutting edge power sources for implantable medical devices (IMDs), as their powering strategy allows for extended functional lifetime, decreased size, increased implant depth, and improved biocompatibility. IMDs are limited by their reliance on batteries. While batteries proved a stable power supply, batteries feature relatively large sizes, limited life spans, and toxic material compositions. Accordingly, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer (WPT) strategies are attracting increasing attention by researchers as alternative reliable power sources. Piezoelectric energy scavenging has shown promise for low power applications. However, energy scavenging devices need be located near sources of movement, and the power stream may suffer from occasional interruptions. WPT overcomes such challenges by more stable, on‐demand power to IMDs. Among the various forms of WPT, ultrasound powering offers distinct advantages such as low tissue‐mediated attenuation, a higher approved safe dose (720 mW cm−2), and improved efficiency at smaller device sizes. This study presents and discusses the state‐of‐the‐art in UPIs by reviewing piezoelectric materials and harvesting devices including lead‐based inorganic, lead‐free inorganic, and organic polymers. A comparative discussion is also presented of the functional material properties, architecture, and performance metrics, together with an overview of the applications where UPIs are being deployed.
Dual‐Doping and Synergism toward High‐Performance Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Chang Jinfa , Wang Guanzhi , Yang Zhenzhong , Li Boyang , Wang Qi , Kuliiev Ruslan , Orlovskaya Nina , Gu Meng , Du Yingge , Wang Guofeng , Yang Yang
Published: July 2021

Hydrogen (H2) production from direct seawater electrolysis is an economically appealing yet fundamentally and technically challenging approach to harvest clean energy. The current seawater electrolysis technology is significantly hindered by the poor stability and low selectivity of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to the competition with chlorine evolution reaction in practical application. Herein, iron and phosphor dual‐doped nickel selenide nanoporous films (Fe,P‐NiSe2 NFs) are rationally designed as bifunctional catalysts for high‐efficiency direct seawater electrolysis. The doping of Fe cation increases the selectivity and Faraday efficiency (FE) of the OER. While the doping of P anions improves the electronic conductivity and prevents the dissolution of selenide by forming a passivation layer containing P–O species. The Fe‐dopant is identified as the primary active site for the hydrogen evolution reaction, and meanwhile, stimulates the adjacent Ni atoms as active centers for the OER. The experimental analyses and theoretical calculations provide an insightful understanding of the roles of dual‐dopants in boosting seawater electrolysis. As a result, a current density of 0.8 A cm−2 is archived at 1.8 V with high OER selectivity and long‐term stability for over 200 h, which surpasses the benchmarking platinum‐group‐metals‐free electrolyzers.
Polymer Micelle Directed Magnetic Cargo Assemblies Towards Spin‐wave Manipulation
Authors: Manuguri Sesha , van der Heijden Nadine J. , Nam Seong J. , Narasimhan Badri Narayanan , Wei Bohang , Cabero Z. Marco A. , Yu Haiming , Granville Simon , McGillivray Duncan J. , Brothers Penelope J. , Williams David E. , Malmström Jenny
Published: July 2021

Spin‐wave based technologies that use collective oscillation of electrons termed magnons have been proposed for future computing landscapes due to their low energy consumption and high data transfer speeds. Magnonic crystals, materials with magnetic properties periodically varied in space, are central to such technologies. However, they are currently limited by the lithography techniques used for the magnetic patterning. To address this issue, bottom‐up self‐assembly using polymer templates to order magnetic cargo is presented. In this work, block copolymer micelles are used as templates to direct the organization of polyoxometalate (POM) molecules into organized assemblies. The structural organization of these assemblies is evaluated using microscopy and scattering techniques. The organized POM assemblies are demonstrated to modulate spin‐waves excited in permalloy thin films. This work demonstrates the first use of a bottom‐up approach to realize the fabrication of a magnonic assembly at the nanoscale. It further paves the way to achieve magnon‐mediated self‐assembled computing architectures.
HOCl‐Activated Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles for Multimodality Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Liu Dongya , Liu Lingyan , Liu Feiyang , Zhang Mengfan , Wei Peng , Yi Tao
Published: July 2021

Tumor microenvironment‐responsive nanodrugs offer promising opportunities for imaging‐guided precision therapy with reduced side effects. Considering that the antitumor effect is closely related to the size of the nanodrugs, it is particularly important to develop a therapeutic system with size adjustability in the tumor microenvironment, which is still a great challenge in the field of nanotheranostics. Herein, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐activated aggregation strategy is reported for imaging‐guided precision therapy of tumors. The ROS‐activated nanoplatform is constructed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with an HOCl probe on its surface (namely, Au–MB–PEG NPs). The Au–MB–PEG NPs show high sensitivity toward HOCl, resulting in the modulation of surface charge and rapid aggregation of AuNPs, and simultaneous release of methylene blue as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In the tumor environment, the aggregated AuNPs ensure higher tumor accumulation and retention. Furthermore, the redshift of the absorption of aggregated AuNPs leads to activated photoacoustic imaging signals and photothermal therapy (PTT) under near‐infrared irradiation. Au–MB–PEG NPs thus efficiently inhibit the tumor growth through combined PTT–PDT therapy. This work contributes to the design of stimuli‐induced size‐aggregation nanodrugs, thereby attaining advanced performance in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Area‐alterable liquid electrode capacitance sensor for water holdup measurement in oil–water two‐phase flow
Authors: Yang Yang , Hu Haihang , Wang Kai , Wang Shuai , Liu Ming , Zhang Chao , Wang Dong
Published: July 2021

Oil–water two‐phase flow exists widely in the process of petroleum industry. The water holdup is an important parameter but difficult to measure. In this paper, we develop an area‐alterable liquid electrode capacitance sensor for water holdup measurement in oil–water two‐phase flow. The capacitance sensor has a relatively high measurement sensitivity and a good linearity in the full range of the water holdup, from 0% to 100%. Meanwhile, a firing technology of insulating layer is presented to guarantee the characteristics of the capacitance sensor with high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and non‐stickiness. The static performance of the capacitance sensor is validated theoretically and experimentally. Vertical upward oil–water two‐phase flow experiments indicate that the developed capacitance sensor has good performance for water holdup measurement with average relative error of 10% in the full range of the water holdup. Based on the output signal of the sensor, the information of flow structure can be also estimated in different flow patterns.
Enhanced mechanical and photocatalytic performances of epoxy nanocomposites filled with potassium‐modified graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets
Authors: Yan Xin , Yang Li , Wang Jun , Jiang Lei , Xu Yewei , Huang Ying , Chang Guanjun
Published: July 2021

The unique structure and property of K+‐modified graphitic carbon nitride (K‐CN) nanosheets would be beneficial for developing advanced epoxy nanocomposites. However, the compatibility between K‐CN nanosheets and epoxy matrix is a big challenge. In this study, we demonstrate a new and effective method to improve the compatibility of K‐CN nanosheets and epoxy by using 1‐(oxiran‐2‐ylmethyl)‐1H‐indole (IN) as surface modifier through the cation‐π interaction between K+ on the surface of K‐CN nanosheets and indole group of IN. In addition, the covalent bond between epoxy group of IN and amino group of curing agent could be used to participate in the formation of the epoxy network. When the content of K‐CN nanosheets is 0.5 wt%, the tensile strength of prepared epoxy nanocomposites increases by 60.7% and extensibility of prepared epoxy nanocomposites increases by 53.4% compared to neat epoxy resin. In addition, the prepared epoxy nanocomposites are used as efficient reusable photocatalysts for degradation of methylene blue (MB). The efficiency of MB degradation is 98% within 60 min. This work opens up a new avenue to fabricate high‐performance epoxy nanocomposites with multifunctional properties for advanced engineering applications.
Effect of crystalline structure on the cell morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene foams fabricated by core‐back foam injection molding
Authors: Wu Minghui , Wu Fei , Ren Qian , Weng Zhengsheng , Luo Haibin , Wang Long , Zheng Wenge
Published: July 2021

Foam injection molding (FIM) is an advanced technology for preparing lightweight plastic foams, but its inferior mechanical performance remains a challenge. In this study, microcellular injection‐molded β‐polypropylene (β‐PP) foams with high ductility were successfully prepared by combing the β‐nucleating agent with controllable temperature field. Foaming results showed that the microcellular β‐PP foams exhibiting a cell size of about 8 μm and cell density over 108 cells/cm3 were prepared with a crystalline diameter approximately 5 μm, while PP foams had a rather large cell size approximately 150 μm and low cell density of 105 cells/cm3 with 30 μm crystalline size. As a result, this significant improvement in cell structure as well as the crystalline size lead to a significant increment of 86% for the ductility of β‐PP foams. This work offers a facile strategy to prepare injection‐molded foams with desirable mechanical properties for their wide range of applications, such as automotive construction and consumer electronics.