bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of Double Internal Model Control for High Speed Spindle
Authors: Meng Jie , Lei Zhen Zhen , Li Ze Lun
Published: March 2013

Based on the internal model control theory and combined the structural characteristics of high speed spindle, the control method of high speed spindle is discussed. And the view of applying the double internal model control to high speed spindle is put forward. Then controllers of current, flux linkage and speed are designed. According to the double internal model control plan, its simulation model is set up. Simulation results indicate that the double internal model control has better dynamic response curve, shorter response time, higher steady state precision by comparing with the vector controller.
Geometric Modeling of Spiral Bevel Gear under Virtual Reality
Authors: Wang Jian Hua , Yin Pei Li , Lao Qi Cheng , Huang Yu
Published: March 2013

Based on machining principles of spiral bevel gear and coordinate transformation matrix, the formate-cut wheel model was built. The gear tooth surface of the model has controllable error and can be imported into the Virtual Gear Measuring Center (VGMC) to be virtually measured. The various factors that affect the gear model accuracy were analyzed and the error control strategy was proposed, which lays a solid foundation for the realization of the gear tooth surface measurement and error analysis of spiral bevel gears.
Automatic Analysis on Parametric of Truck Crane Boom Based on APDL and VB
Authors: Fei Ye , Liu Yan Jun , Li Yuan Yuan
Published: March 2013

In this paper, by defining and associating the boom structure parameter characteristic of truck crane, we build a parameterized automatic analysis system of truck crane boom, based on the VB platform with the ANSYS APDL language. In the system, the basic parameters of the crane structural finite element analysis can be obtained by human-computer exchange, achieving the finite element automatic modeling and analysis of boom structure under the driving of the parameters. Engineering examples show that the system is reliable and accurate results.
The Simulation Analysis of the Efficiency about Truck Crane Lifting Load Sensing Hydraulic Loop
Authors: Fei Ye , Bian Bin , Li Yuan Yuan
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the energy consumption of the truck crane lifting load sensing (LS) hydraulic loop is analyzed. AMESim is applied to model it, based on the design of a 70t truck crane lifting loop. And then the efficiency of it is simulated, comparing with the traditional truck crane lifting hydraulic loop. The simulation results clarify that the efficiency of the LS lifting hydraulic loop is obviously improved compared with the efficiency of the traditional one. Its efficiency has nothing to do with the load speed and is only related with the load. The results are useful to the design of large-tonnage truck crane lifting hydraulic loop.
Modeling of the Hot-Pressing Process in the Production of Particleboard
Authors: Wang Xing Jian , Li Hong Peng , Cao Jun
Published: March 2013

Particleboard is a widely used panel material because of its physical properties and low cost, the hot-pressing operation is the one of the most important stages of the whole particleboard production in which many physical processes are involved, such as mat moisture content and distribution, heat transfer. A number of factors are involved including resin type, press temperature, wood species and press closing time, pressure during pressing, Considering coupled heat transfer with resin release ,we presented a mathematical model have been given and solve the modeling with the method of variable separation characteristics and function expansion method. The model has described the relation of center layer temperature changes with pressing times. It is helpful for further research of Internal change in hot-pressing
An Uncertain Programming Model for Manufacturing/Remanufacturing Hybrid System in Reverse Logistics Environment
Authors: Chen Yu Juan , Liu Dong Bo
Published: March 2013

An uncertain programming model for the manufacturing/remanufacturing hybrid system in reverse logistics environment under grey and fuzzy uncertainty was proposed. It considers the material suppliers, manufacturing plant, distribution centers, retailers, collection centers, disassembly center and remanufacturing center. The designed neural network can expedite the simulation process after trained from the input-output data generated with the proposed grey fuzzy simulation method. The improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm based on the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is used to optimize the uncertain model. The numerical example illustrates that the cost will increase with the higher probability and credibility, and decrease with the higher return rate.
Study on the Forming Mechanism for Second Step on Hollow Rotor Shaft by 4-Roll Cross Wedge Rolling
Authors: Yang Yong Ming , Chen Jiu Chuan , Cheng Feng Wen , Zhao Jun
Published: March 2013

It is very important for accurately grasping stress, strain, and metal flow during the hollow motor shaft rolling, and it is also foundation of forming regularity, rolling force and energy parameter. The cross wedge rolling process of hollow motor shaft was simulated through rigid-plastic finite element software deform-3D. According to the simulation results, the distribution of internal stress, strain field inside the second step of the motor shaft had been obtained, revealed the metal flow ruler for the second step during forming process and it could effected on the metal flow ruler for the first step.
Research on the Model of Water Jet Propulsion Using Compressed Gas Based on Fluent Software
Authors: Zhou Xiao Gang , Han Jia Hua
Published: March 2013

For the problems of the propeller and traditional water-jet propulsion, a new water-jet propulsion device using compressed gas is introduced in this paper. The physical model of this water-jet propulsion is designed and tested, and a numerical model of its drive device is established and the grid is divided by the software GAMBIT. The related hydrodynamic parameters are acquired through the simulation of the drive device by the software Fluent. The results of the simulations and the experiments are basically consistent. So this new water-jet propulsion method is feasible and it is an effective way to conduct the research by CFD simulation. The simulation results provide some references for designing the drive device of this water-jet propulsion model.
Application of TRIZ Methodology in Solving Technology Conflicts of Rapid Folding Bicycle
Authors: Sun Qian , Xie Qing Sen , Li Zhuang
Published: March 2013

In this paper, integrated TRIZ with industrial design practice, aimed at changing the shortcomings of the traditional folding structures of bicycles and making folding speed faster than before. Applied the technology conflict resolution method of TRIZ to analysis and transform the contradictions of rapid folding bicycle, and selected the appropriate innovative principles to resolve these conflicts, so as to balance parameters existed in the product optimization and find out the direction of inventing and improving rapid folding bicycle.
The Measurement of Shale Gas Content
Authors: Jiang Ya Li , Xue Hua Qing , Wang Hong Yan , Liu Hong Lin , Yan Gang
Published: March 2013

The gas content is critical parameter in the shale gas exploration and production. The direct method was used to determine the shale gas content and the apparatus were made by ourselves. It were described the gas content test procedure, mathematic model and data processing in the paper. The adsorb gas and residue gas can be directly obtain from test, and the lost gas was estimated by the initial rate of adsorb gas. The shale gas contents from Sichuan basin are from 1.15 to 1.84 m3/ton, the average value is 1.64 m3/ton. Lost gas is the major gas in the shale and increasing with the lost time. Consequently, the shale should be sealed in the canister as soon as possible to decrease the lost time during the test. It also can enhance the accuracy of gas content. There are a great member of nano-pore and fracture in the organic matter, so that more TOC of shale are more gas content.
Failure Modes Mechanisms Effects Analysis for Refrigeration Device
Authors: Xu Ren Xiao , Liu Yang
Published: March 2013

FMMEA (failure mode, mechanisms, and effects analysis) is an effective tool for the life-cycle management of products and devices. We conducted an FMMEA for a refrigeration device at the request of a corporation. This paper demonstrates the process of our analysis of the compressor by employing Ganesan’s methodology. The results are listed in a table, including the physics of failures, risk priorities and parameters for monitoring. This paper also provides health-state assessment approaches based on FMMEA results and values of relevant parameters using fusion approach. Such assessment can be used for remaining useful life (RUL) estimation. Additionally, the paper illustrates our approach of computer-program-based automatic identification of failure using data of parameters retrieved from sensors.
Dynamic Analysis of Electric Spindle Based on ANSYS
Authors: Zhang Ling Ling , Qin Xiao Yu
Published: March 2013

Building a finite model of the electric spindle by ANSYS. Using Lanczos to extract first 4 natural frequencies and vibration models of the spindle, and using Harmonic response analytic methods to obtain dynamic response in different excitation of electric spindle .The results show that the static stiffness of electric spindle can meet the requirements, because the highest work speed of Spindle is far away from the critical rotational speed, it can avoid the resonance phenomenon effectively. It lays the foundation of Optimization design and Remanufacturing of the spindle.
Design of Hydraulic System for Electrohydraulic Servo Valve Test Bed
Authors: Su Dong Hai , Tang Xiao Dong
Published: March 2013

According to the needs of the electrohydraulic servo valve dynamic and static performance testing, designed an automated test system for the test of the static characteristics and dynamic characteristics test combinations together. Its advantage includes a stable system, a high degree of automation, simple operation, and high efficiency, full-featured.
Study on Collaborative Simulation Interfaces Applied in Caterpillar
Authors: Zhu Jiu Cheng , Zhu Su
Published: March 2013

Caterpillar plays an important role in engineering. While the problems existed affect on its reliability. Because of the testing condition it is difficult to solve some problems in fault mechanics. Nowadays the reliability just relies on the maintenance and repair which deeply affect its efficiency. With the rapid and widely used of collaborative simulation based on interfaces in Caterpillar, in this paper collaborative simulation based on interfaces is researched in Caterpillar which will reduce or replace the experimentation. An example on the planetary frame demonstrate the feasible. Collaborative simulation based on interfaces applied in caterpillar will be an efficiency approach to engineering.
The Influences of the Volume in Asphalt Foam Device on Foaming Asphalt Characteristics in Cold Foam Asphalt Recycling Equipment
Authors: Li Ke , Jiao Sheng Jie
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the structure of foam cavity which based on FB100 foamed asphalt testing machine will be analyzed and designed to change its volume. So that, the changes of work pressure about hot asphalt would be caused and the hot asphalt, water, gas would be more uniform contact to improve the effect of foaming properties about asphalt. The models were built with Fluent Software and large number of experiments were be done, the affection and the law of foaming asphalt characteristics which has changed when the volume of asphalt foam device was changed will be verified by analysis, the ideal range of volume about asphalt foam device cavity will be given.
Tissue Cutting Mechanics and Applications for Needle Core Biopsy and Guidance
Authors: Wang Yan Cheng , Tai Bruce L. , Chen Roland K. , Moore Jason , Mcgill Carl S. , Xu Kai , McLaughlin Patrick W. , Shih Albert J.
Published: March 2013

Needle is one of the most common features in medical devices. A better understanding of needle tip geometry can lead to the creation of an optimized needle tip geometry which would greatly benefit the procedure of biopsy or insertion guidance. This study reviews the recent researches on needle cutting edge with high inclination angle, and applications in needle core biopsy and insertion guidance. The mathematical models of the inclination and rake angles for the needle with lancet point and enhanced cutting edge needles are developed. To improve the biopsy length, a novel approach to use the enhanced cutting edge needle to acquire the tissue sample is studied and the concept is experimentally validated. To reduce needle deflection and increase insertion accuracy, the effects of grid constraints, needle material, and insertion speed are analyzed. The knowledge gained from this study can be used to better understand needle tissue cutting mechanics and integrate these technologies for more efficient needle biopsy and accurate insertion guidance procedures.
Design and Fabrication of an Integrated Multi-Channel Optical Filter Working in Visible and near-Infrared Bands
Authors: Jin Jian , Di Si , Yao Yu Pei
Published: March 2013

Multi-channel optical filter can separate the target light so that it can be integrated in the multi-spectral imaging system for collecting the images in different spectrum. However, conventional multi-channel optical filter cannot work in visible band and near-infrared band simultaneously. This paper will present a novel method for fabricating the multi-channel filter which can work for the two bands. The method combines pigment-based colorant photoresist microlithography with traditional multi-film vacuum deposition technologies so that the filter has a high integrated level. The results of test show that the filter can be used for the wavelength range from 400 to1200 nm. Because of its wide working wavelength range, this optical filter has a great prospect of being applied in the fields of day and night surveillance, medical imaging, and so on.
Experimental Study of Composite-Antenna-Structures with High Electrical and Mechanical Performances
Authors: Kim J.Y. , Kim D.S. , Shin D.S. , Park W.S. , Hwang W.B.
Published: March 2013

Embedding of an antenna within a structural surface is an excellent way to improve structural efficiency and antenna performance. We study the impact characteristics of a Composite-Antenna-Structure (CAS) and the degradation in the performance of the antenna after impact testing. We used an annular ring patch antenna designed to operate in two bands: GPS (1.575GHz) and DMB (2.62GHz). When 20J of impact energy was applied to the CAS surface, the maximum contact force was 4kN, and the CAS proved resistant to impact. The antenna performance, measured by the return loss and radiation pattern, remained excellent after the impact tests.
Fabrication of Self-Supported Al/Polyimide/Al Film with Thick Supporting Nickel Mesh
Authors: Hu Wei , Chen Tian Xiang , Sun Qing Rong , Chen Yong , Cui Wei Wei , Zhang Zi Liang , Li Wei , Wang Yu Sa , Han Da Wei , Wang Juan , Lu Bo , Huo Jia , Li Mao Shun , Zhang Yi , Yin Guo He , Yang Yan Ji , Liu Xiao Yan , Zhu Yue , Li Cheng Kui , Liu Yan , Wu Di
Published: March 2013

We present the fabrication of submicron polyimide film sandwiched by Al film. The preparation in two-step method and spin-coating parameters of submicron polyimide film are described. To achieve self-supported structure, thick nickel mesh (ca. 200 μm) was introduced by micro-electroforming. Using negative tone photoresist SU-8 2150, the nickel grid width was demonstrated in good agreement with its original design value with optical microscopy.
Reviews on the Research Status and Prospect of the Prefabricated Concrete Shear Wall Structure
Authors: Ding Ke Wei , Ling Ru , Yin Wan Yun , Liu Shou Cheng , Ni Shu Mei
Published: March 2013

This paper is aimed at making some reviews on the research actuality and prospect of the prefabricated concrete shear wall structure, including its advantages and disadvantages, seismic behavior, calculating model, node connectivity and design method. These provide a rare reference to researches and applications of the precast-fabricated shear wall structure which coincides with our national conditions.
Stability Analysis of the Pile Considering Gravitational Stress
Authors: Fan Jin Zhao , Xie Zhong Qiu , Liu Si Si
Published: March 2013

The article employs the subgrade-reaction theory, leading-out the buckling stability equation of the pile with gravitational stress and frictional resistance which’s top bomb embedded but bottom fixed,and provide the solution ,by using the minimum potential principle.And to consider the pile gravitational stress factors on the influence of the pile buckling load in different embedment ratio cases.
The Measures of Green Development on Real Estate in China
Authors: Xiao Jing Wen
Published: March 2013

Through the analyzing of real estate development methods in China and abroad, this thesis gives us a new idea of using green philosophy to develop Real Estate. According to current situation in China, a sustainable development view was put forward, using green design and green price concepts. Some real projects were given to prove this theory.
Study on Dispersive Influencing Factors of Dispersive Soil in Western Jilin Based on Grey Correlation Degree Method
Authors: Bao Shuo Chao , Wang Qing , Bao Xin Hua
Published: March 2013

The study on dispersion mechanism of dispersive soil has attracted attention in water conservancy project. In order to investigate the main dispersive influencing factors of soil, grey correlation degree method was used to analysis the relation between dispersion degree and exchanging sodium percentage, clay particles content, organic matter, PH, specific surface area, structure damage rate, cation exchange capacity. The results show that the cation exchange capacity and exchangeable sodiuma do the best contribution to the dispersion of soil, and the specific surface area and the structure damage rate influenced the dispersion slightly.
Research Status of Local Stability in the Web of Castellated Components
Authors: Yin Wen Qian , Jia Lian Guang , Shao Bo
Published: March 2013

Castellated components have many advantages such as high bearing capacity, better bending stiffness, reasonable cross-section form and significant economic benefit. Castellated components are weakened by the reason of web openings, so it is more prone to appear local stability problem. Therefore, the researches of local stability in castellated components play a very important role in the application of the castellated components. In this issue, scholars at home and abroad do a lot of researches, including theoretical research, numerical simulation analysis and experimental research. But the research of castellated bending components are still in groping stage .That has seriously hampered the application and promotion of castellated components in China. So it is necessary to study the local stability of castellated components.
Inverted U Curve in Economic Growth and Energy Consumption: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yu Yi
Published: March 2013

This paper uses unit root tests including LLC, IPS, PP and ADF and Pedroni cointegration test to study the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. By initially determined the casual relationship, we construct an inverted-U curve model to reexamine the connection of the two variables. Evidence from China’s panel data including 29 provinces from 1995 to 2010 supports the inverted-U curve in the relationship and the turning point is at 23432 yuan. The explanation for this is that industrial upgrading and technological innovation are conducive to energy conservation.
Causality between Energy Conservation and Economic Growth in China
Authors: Hou Yun Bing , Wang Jian Min , Shi Sen Sen , Zhang Xiao , Liu Chun Lin , Li Zhao Dong
Published: March 2013

The relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth is analyzed and the results show that there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth to clear some people’s mind of doubts that energy conservation and carbon dioxide emissions reduction policy will hamper the economic development. When GDP increases, the carbon dioxide emission will increase too. Causality analysis shows that the unidirectional causal relationship exists and the direction is from GDP to carbon dioxide emission. The result implies that when a certain technique of carbon dioxide emissions reduction is used, it can not only reduce the carbon dioxide amount but promote the growth of GDP. Energy conservation and carbon dioxide reduction can form a new economic growth industry. To fulfill the promise of carbon dioxide emissions reduction to the world, China should make policies based on the relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth.
The Evolution of Loss Aversion Coefficient in Energy Futures Market Considering Investor Heterogeneity
Authors: Wang Shu Ping , Wen Tao , Wu Zhen Xin
Published: March 2013

The energy futures market has become the center of global energy market, so, problems in the energy futures market have profound impact on many aspects of the macroeconomic. In this paper, with the premise of the existence of investor heterogeneity, we use stochastic Euler equation and prospect theory to establish a mathematical model of price fluctuations which varies with the time change, and the model is testable for generalized method of moment (GMM) model. According to the GMM estimation results, in the one-year period, when we set a certain time point to be the initial point, with the passage of time, loss aversion coefficient will gradually increase, while it will reduce with the increase of the discount factor. We also verify that the loss aversion coefficient of investors who response to market information rapidly is relatively small. But in the long term, the evolution of loss aversion coefficient needs further research.
Development of Environmental Regulation in Energy Industry of China a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Huang Lin Jun
Published: March 2013

Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) regulation related to the natural gas industry in China is reviewed with a focus on environmental regulation. The review provides insight into the regulation, standards and management practice adopted, and it identifies trends and needs for improvement in China. The research finds that China is actively improving its HSE regulation system by revising laws and standards, and entitling regulatory organizations with new functions; at the same time, more companies in China are aware of the importance of HSE management and accreditation. At the current stage, the legal systems in China are effective in terms of improving awareness of and investment in HSE management. However, there is a long way to go before effective HSE management system implementation and mature HSE culture in place. From the experience of HSE legislation and management in Australia, we find that HSE culture and implementation are essential to the healthy development of the gas industry. We conclude that HSE regulation and management would benefit greatly from guidance on how to form HSE management system and cultivate sustainability culture, as well as from the further development of feasible performance measures.
The Heterogeneity of Sectors and Related Efficiency of Differential Energy Consumption
Authors: Wu Hong , Chen Fu Zhong , Zhang Ping
Published: March 2013

Energy consumption has played great roles in the output of national economy. The proposition of low carbon economy also makes the issues about the consumption and relation efficiency to be highlighted. To investigate the efficiency of differential energy consumption along with heterogeneous sectors, the sectors and sub-sectors in Chinese secondary industry is chosen to measure the influence of energy consumption to economic output. The result indicates that the differential efficiency of varied types of energy is significant although total terminal energy consumption and related consumption in coal and oil is insignificant when without considering the heterogeneity of sectors. In addition, the significant efficiency coefficients also provide evidence to support the significant heterogeneity of sectors since the energy consumption has different effects and energy efficiency coefficients.
Software Solution Implementation for Regional Balancing Mechanism of Electrical Energy
Authors: Cepisca Costin , Morcovescu Marian , Seritan George , Bardis Nikolaos , Grigorescu Sorin Dan , Banica Cosmin
Published: March 2013

The aim of this paper is to present how the Regional Balancing Mechanism (RBM) can be facilitated by a specially developed software solution. RBM ensures up-ward regulation in power deficient area and down-ward regulation in power surplus area at Regional Market for Balancing Energy (RMBE) prices. The RBM proposed solution for both the day–ahead and intraday transactions determines the transaction volumes and payments resulting from the selected offers
The Estimation of Appropriateness for CO2 Geological Sequestration Based on Well Logging
Authors: Yue Chong Wang , Huai Yin Chao , Du Yang
Published: March 2013

CO2 geological sequestration is one of the most promising methods for reducing anthropogenic CO2 emission into the atmosphere. To carry out the technology, it is necessary to evaluate the formation geological condition of storage area for the security and effectiveness. The CO2 reserve capability of formation is mostly connected with reservoir physical property. The CO2 storage security is mostly connected with seal quality of cap rock. This paper takes advantage of logging data material to comprehensively evaluate the seal condition and storage capability from the cap rock condition of the supercritical fluid and the reservoir capacity. It gives an evaluation instance of the slected area.
Emission Reduction and Economic Impacts of us Carbon Tariffs on China: Based on CGE Model Analysis
Authors: Luan Hao , Yang Jun
Published: March 2013

Based on GTAP-E model, a recursive dynamic method is adopted to analyze emission reduction and economic impact of carbon tariffs levied by US on China’s economy and the effects on carbon emission. The results show that China's macroeconomic would suffer a lot. The export of sectors with high embodied carbon emission would decrease significantly. While for sectors with low embodied carbon emission although some of them have high dependence on US, the negative impact on their export would be lower due to trade diversion to other regions. While the implementation of carbon tariffs could reduce global carbon emissions, the effects are quite limited.
Carbon Emission Factor Decomposition Model and Empirical Research of Inner Mongolia Based on LMDI
Authors: Gao Zhi Yuan , Li Tian Tian , Wang Xi , Peng Ji Chao
Published: March 2013

Inner Mongolia has rich energy resources, and how to realize low carbon scientific development is a very important issue for the autonomous region to realize great-leap-forward development. This article analyzed the factors which have been influencing the Inner Mongolia’s carbon emission from 2001 to 2010 by using the LMDI model, revealed the coal-dominated energy structure and the fast-growing economy are the main reasons that influence Inner Mongolia carbon emissions. The research results show that economic growth and carbon emissions have a close relationship, and the author gives some policy suggestions depend on the results.
Research on Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Affecting Factors Decomposition of Agricultural Carbon Emission in Suzhou City, Anhui Province, China
Authors: Zhang Yong , Fang Gang
Published: March 2013

This paper takes the Suzhou City, Anhui Province as a example, the 2004-2009 agricultural carbon emissions were estimated based on six major aspects of the carbon source of agriculture production.The result shows that Suzhou's carbon emission is on the rising trend since 2004. Suzhou's agricultural carbon emissions and intensity's average annual growth rate were 3.68% and 3.49% respectively.Factors decomposition research has been approached based on Kaya equation, and the result indicates that efficiency factor, structural factor and labor scale factor restrict the growth of carbon emission, and it already realized carbon emission reduction during 2004 to 2009. Agricultural economy development has added more carbon emissions.
Carbon Efficient Supply Chain Management: Literature Review with Extensions
Authors: Xia Liang Jie , Zhao Dao Zhi , Yuan Bai Yun
Published: March 2013

In low carbon economy, carbon emissions permit has become a kind of resource; in the market economy system, new economic relations between enterprises have appeared, these characteristics make enterprise operation cost structure and profiting pattern changed. The paper reviews the previous literature on carbon footprint, production optimization theory individual enterprise and supply chain operation management with carbon emissions constraints. Then the paper put forward four worth further research directions: Carbon emission cost distribution and scientific measurement in supply chain; supply chain operation based on consumer behavior in Low Carbon Economy Era; optimizing the allocation of carbon emissions permit in supply chain; Dynamic Multi-period operation optimization of carbon efficient supply chain.
Exploring the Changes of Carbon Emissions Performance Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Tan Qin Liang , Zhang Xing Ping , Wei Yong Mei
Published: March 2013

This paper measures the carbon emissions efficiency by using data envelopment analysis. The gross domestic product and carbon emissions are the two outputs, and labor, energy consumption and capital stock are the three inputs in our DEA model. We decompose changes of carbon emissions performance into two contributors: the carbon emissions technical efficiency change and the carbon emissions technical change. For the developing countries mentioned in this paper as a whole, the empirical results indicate that the carbon emissions technical efficiency change is the contributor to carbon emissions performance increase, while the carbon emissions technique change is the component driving carbon emissions performance decrease during 1983-2003. However, the carbon emissions technical efficiency change is the contributor to carbon emissions performance decrease, while the carbon emissions technical change is the driving force to carbon emissions performance increase during 2003-2008.
Review of Power Loss Calculation and its Trend of in Low Carbon Economic Situation
Authors: Liu Rui Hua , Wang Hai Yan
Published: March 2013

With our country strengthening the development of intelligent electric grid, reducing net loss as an important means to save energy will undoubtedly play a positive role in promoting low-carbon economy .Actuality of research in power loss calculation and its relative theory at home and abroad is formulated in this work,and the main problem of the methods of power loss calculation exists now is analyzed comprehensively, objectively and systematically. On this foundation, this paper tentatively explored the trend of its research development under the situation of low carbon economy .
Studies on the Grid-Connected Characteristics about Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Bases
Authors: Jiang Hui , Zheng Xin , Wu Xin Quan , Li Zhi Wei
Published: March 2013

This paper made some researches of modeling on the systems of the photovoltaic（PV） power station, and analyzing the photovoltaic grid-connected generation system. Using MATLAB and PSASP, simulation and analysis of grid-connected characteristics about the large-scale PV power bases were carried out, focusing on the influence of the power flow after the grid connection of large scale PV power bases, the transient stability in the fault condition of the line-side and in the condition of the light disturbance. Specific measures are presented to solve problems. The conclusion of this paper will provide some theoretical basis of improving the stability of grid-connected of the large-scale PV power bases and will also provide some theoretical basis and the guide of grid-connected for the new energy strategy of our country in the future.
Based on Comparable Price Energy Input-Output Table of Xinjiang to Research Low Carbon Economic Development Strategy
Authors: Huang Yuan Sheng , Li Lu Tong
Published: March 2013

Based on the input-output theory, the paper using the comparable price energy input-output table,quantitatively estimates the implicit carbon emissions of each industrial department,and analyzes the growth of the implicit carbon emissions of the resident consumption through the structure decomposition.Conclusion indicates:From 1992 to 1997, the mean of the implicit carbon emissions of each industrial department in Xinjiang had been rising; From 1997 to 2007, the mean of the implicit carbon emissions of each industrial department had been declining;The implicit carbon emissions of Hydropower industry, the fire power and other seven similar industrial department were higher than that of each industrial department so that Xinjiang should strengthen monitoring on the high energy consumption.The implicit carbon emissions of the resident consumption was still in the trend of ceaseless growth and all of that states clearly that the economic grows at the cost of the increase of the greenhouse gas emissions.Xinjiang should introduce foreign advanced production technology,further optimizing the structure of the resident consumption.
Thermal Simulation of Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers
Authors: Tian Jin Jin , Zhang Zhe , Guo Yong Gang
Published: March 2013

Plate-fin heat exchangers are playing an important role in the power and process industry in the recent past. Hence, it has become necessary to model their temperature response accurately. A new mathematical model of plate-fin heat exchanger is proposed, considering the heat conduction resistance along the fins and the separating plates. The effects of fin geometrical parameters and spacer thickness on the performances of the heat exchanger have been numerically calculated. It is found that the heat conduction resistance of fins has significant influence on the outlet fluid temperature variation. The analysis presented here suggests a better method of heat-transfer data analysis for plate heat exchangers.
Analysis of Air Cycle and Efficiency Evaluation for a Blast Freezing Tunnel Plant
Authors: La Rocca Vincenzo , Messineo Antonio , Morale Massimo , Panno Domenico
Published: March 2013

Air refrigerating systems offer a suitable alternative to vapour compression systems. Air can be used as working fluid in gas compression cycles for refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems. This paper gives some results of theoretical investigation into improved air cycles for refrigeration systems and a comparison is made with their performances. The case-study relates to a dual purpose refrigerating plant. A blast freezing tunnel gives the coldest air stream and, in cascade, the air coming out from the tunnel is used in a channel network for feeding a lot of chilling cells. The case-study analysed indicates that there is a real possibility to build plants which will be equipped with air inverse cycles.
OAHT System Built and Off-Design Performance Analysis
Authors: Wei Fan , Zhang Shi Jie , Xiao Yun Han
Published: March 2013

Open cycle absorption heat transformer (OAHT) is built and the off-design performance is discussed with simulation method. Results show the COP changes little when parameters various. The COP increases and water recovery ratio decreases as the temperature and flow rate of flue gas or of cooling water increase. With the same heat flow ejecting, the system has more stable performance as the humidity of flue gas changes.
Studying on the Polymorphs and the Melting Point of HMP
Authors: Li Hui Wu , Sha Zuo Liang
Published: March 2013

Polymorphs is present in many crystalline drug, different crystal type tend to produce different effects. Drug quality and curative effect of the important quality index is drug heteromorphic stability .The change of drug heteromorphic will change the nature, quality, efficacy of the drug. Generally speaking, the greater the crystal particle size, heating melting needs more energy, the more stable. The crystal type which has high melting point, the chemistry stability is good, but the solubility and digestion rate is low. HMP has different polycrystalline forms, at present reports in the literature there are two kinds of crystal type, form Ⅰ and form Ⅱ. The form Ⅰ is more stable than form Ⅱ, and has higher melting point. This article research the relationship between HMP polymorphism and melting point based with the drug melting point meter and DSC.
Economic Analysis of the Absorption Heat Pump in Supercritical Unit
Authors: Li Yun , Song Kai
Published: March 2013

As an effective energy-saving device, the heat pump is environmentally friendly and advantageous in the recovery of low-temperature and middle-temperature waste heat. So it is increasingly being used in practical applications. The circulating water which is produced by power plants has a large number of low-temperature waste heat. It will bring huge economic and environmental benefits by using heat pump technology to recover those waste heat energy. The application of the heat pump in supercritical unit is discussed as the example of central heating project using waste heat in a power plant. And the basic principle of absorption heat pump is introduced. The economy, energy conservation and environmental benefits of lithium bromide absorption heat pump are also analyzed when it is used in 600MW supercritical unit.
Application of Mine Water for Water-Source Heat Pump System
Authors: Du Hong Pu , Dou Yuan Ming , Qi Cheng Ying
Published: March 2013

Mine water and mine return air is good for the renewable energy due to heat storage underground, and the recycling has been a new technology of the energy utilization in water source heat pump system. Utilizing the waster heat of coal mine is beneficial in reducing the coal consumption of winter heating boiler or even replacing it completely. Comprehensive analysis the research situation and the project example, this paper points out that the technical of mine water applied for water-source heat pump system is feasibility in the practical project and theory in view of advantages, like energy saving, environmental protection, high efficiency and short payback period, etc. Therefore, application of mine water for water-source heat pump system is a new advanced energy-saving technology.
Effects of the Boundary Condition on the Performance of a Falling Film Dehumidifier of Solar Liquid Desiccants Air Conditioning System
Authors: Jian Sun
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a two-dimensional mathematical model of simultaneous heat and mass transfer of vapor absorption process in a counter-flow dehumidifier is conducted. The governing equations with different boundary and interfacial conditions describing the dehumidifying process are established. The calcium chloride solution is applied as the desiccant. The dehumidifying process between falling liquid desiccant film and process air with first, second and third boundary conditions is analyzed and calculated, respectively. Temperature distribution of the process air and desiccant solution is presented. Outlet parameters of the dehumidifier for both the process air and the desiccant solution are obtained.
The Comparative Analysis of R22 and R134a Applied in a Five-Stage Auto-Cascade Refrigeration System
Authors: Zhao Wei , Liu Rui Xi , Zhang Hai Dong , Zhang Hua , Zhang Shu Chun
Published: March 2013

The mixed refrigerants R22/R23/R14/R740/R728 and R134a/R23/R14/R740/R728 are used in a five-stage auto-cascade refrigeration system for study in this paper. Through theoretic comparison of high temperature stage refrigerant R22 and R134a and repeated experiments we can get the results that the discharge temperature of the refrigerant R134a can be effectively controlled and a lower refrigeration temperature can be got than the refrigerant R22.
Heat Transfer Coefficients and Dynamical Thermal Models for Variable Flow Rates in Pipes and Ducts
Authors: Sørensen Bjørn R
Published: March 2013

This study presents thermal models of pipes or ventilation ducts with variable flow rates. The models are based on dynamic thermodynamic heat balances, and much attention has been put into developing accurate heat transfer coefficients. MATLAB/Simulink environment has been used for modeling, but the model is however universal and can be implemented into any software. The model has been validated against measurement data, and found to be quite accurate for use in typical HVAC applications. Accuracy is particularly good if taking thermal damping into account. Thermal damping of pipe or duct mass has shown to be significant for dynamic performance. The model is suited for control simulations or accurate heat loss simulations, where dynamic conditions are important.
A New Operating Mode of Air-Conditioning Systems with Thermal Storage
Authors: Lin Hu , Li Xin Hong , Cheng Peng Sheng , Xu Bu Gong
Published: March 2013

Load imbalance of power grid leads to more peak-load power station built with huge capital cost and some environment effects. As a peak shifting technology, thermal storage technology has attracted more attentions. A new operating mode of chilled storage process integrated with air-conditioning system is proposed, and its performance is analyzed. The results show that the new operating mode can get more than 5% of power saving than the traditional mode, and achieve more than 40% power cost saving based on air-conditioning without chilled storage, both of which result from the good integration of chilled storage process with air-conditioning system. The new operating mode gives the new direction of thermal storage technology application.
Modeling and Simulation of Three-Phase Two-Level Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System
Authors: Chen Long Hu , Song Shao Lou , Chen Xiao Ju , Zhao Jian Rong
Published: March 2013

The model and simulation of three-phase Two-level Grid-connected Photovoltaic System are established. According to the equivalent circuit and mathematical model of the PV cell, the general simulation model of photovoltaic array is established. Regulating duty ratio in Boost circuit to realize the maximum power point tracing with method of high-precision incremental conductance. Model of photovoltaic inverter is established based on power decoupling vector control strategy. SVPWM modulation improves the utilization ratio of voltage in DC side. Finally, the simulation of three-phase two-level grid-connected photovoltaic system is conducted in MATLAB. The result shows that the system can rapidly and accurately track maximum power point and the output of current keep in the same frequency and phase, which can be connected to power grid flexibly.
The Influence of Oversized Boilers on Power Efficiency, Energy Consumption and Cost in Energy Flexible Heat Stations. Part 1
Authors: Riise Raymond , Sørensen Bjørn R
Published: March 2013

Oversized boilers in in-house heat stations are relatively common. This study demonstrates the effect of installed overcapacity in heat stations with regard to the buildings heat load. Potential energy savings are calculated on basis of a heat station containing both fuel oil boiler and electric boiler. Correct installed capacity is defined as the capacity of a boiler designed to meet the design outdoor temperature, DOT. The baseline for normal consumption has been defined by utilization of correct designed boilers operated under various climatic conditions for a normal year. This baseline has then been compared to consumption calculation done with oversized boiler capacity. The energy consumption calculation is done on an hourly basis for one year. The results show a clear connection between the boiler size, boiler efficiency and potential savings in energy and cost.
The Influence of Oversized Boilers on Power Efficiency, Energy Consumption and Cost in Energy Flexible Heat Stations. Part 2
Authors: Riise Raymond , Sørensen Bjørn R
Published: March 2013

This study demonstrates the effect on energy consumption and operational cost effect of oversized boilers. Potential energy and cost savings are calculated on basis of a heat station containing both fuel oil boiler and electric boiler. Correct installed capacity is defined as a boiler designed to meet the design outdoor temperature, DOT. The baseline for normal consumption is defined by utilization of both boilers. This baseline has then been compared to consumption and cost calculation done with over sized boiler capacity. The calculation is done on an hourly basis for one year. The results show a clear connection between the boiler size and potential savings in energy and cost.
A Fault Diagnosis Model and its Application in Chiller Operating
Authors: Wang Zhi Wei , Wang Zhan Wei , Yan Zeng Feng
Published: March 2013

The chiller performance decrease with the system operating is inevitable, however, determining how to predict when it will happen, and how to identity the degree of performance decline, it is very important to solve these actual problems for chiller high efficiency operating and daily management. This paper developed a fault diagnosis model based on thermodynamic analysis of chiller’s refrigeration cycle and heat transfer analysis of its heat exchangers, taking three projects which involve different source sinks, namely, air source, ground source and reclaimed water source as cases study, described the fault diagnosis method and implementation steps through these engineering cases, the results show that the fault diagnosis model provides a newly simple and effective approach for chiller operation monitoring.
Analysis of Resistance Loss’s Impact Factors in Ash Transportation System
Authors: Xie Hai Wei , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2013

The resistance loss of pipeline is one of the main factors in wet-ash transportation system design, and it has a big influence on the economy of the wet-ash transportation. Based on a lot of experimental results, the multi-factor analyzing method on main factors such as flux, velocity, the diameter of pipe, slurry concentration, and slurry specific gravity that influence resistance loss of wet-ash transportation system was employed to find the degree of impact factor on resistance loss. These contents can be referenced in wet-ash transportation system design later.
Numerical Simulation of Blade Channel Vortex in a Low Head Francis Turbine
Authors: Zhang Hong Ming , Zhang Li Xiang
Published: March 2013

The paper presents numerical simulation of blade channel vortex in a low head Francis turbine using OpenFoam code. A mixture assumption and a finite rate mass transfer model were introduced to analyze blade channel vortex. The finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations of the mixture model and the pressure-velocity coupling is handled via a Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) procedure. Simulation results have shown that using cavitation model to analyze blade channel vortex is very effective.
Numerical Simulation of Cavitating Turbulent Flow in a Francis Turbine with Draft Tube Natural Air Admission
Authors: Zhang Hong Ming , Zhang Li Xiang
Published: March 2013

The paper presents numerical analysis of cavitating turbulent flow in a high head Francis turbine with draft tube natural air admission at part load operation. Analysis was performed by OpenFOAM code. A mixture assumption and a finite rate mass transfer model were introduced. The finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations of the mixture model and the pressure-velocity coupling is handled via a Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) procedure. The pressure distribution and the flow of air in the draft tube are analyzed in detail. Simulation results show that the pressure fluctuations on the draft tube wall can reduce with natural air admission.