bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cervical cerclage versus cervical pessary with or without vaginal progesterone for preterm birth prevention in twin pregnancies and a short cervix: A two-by-two factorial randomised clinical trial
Authors: He Yen T. N. , Pham Ha N. H. , Nguyen Tri C. , Bui Trung Q. , Vuong Nhu T. , Nguyen Diem T. N. , Le Thanh V. , Li Wentao , Le Cam H. , Ho Tuong M. , Mol Ben W. , Dang Vinh Q. , Vuong Lan N.
Published: February 2025

Background

Pregnant women with twins and a short cervical length (CL) are at greater risk of preterm birth (PTB). The comparative efficacy of cervical cerclage and cervical pessary with or without additional progesterone to prevent PTB is unknown. We aimed to assess, in women with twin pregnancies and a short CL, the effectiveness of cerclage versus pessary and the additional treatment with 400 mg vaginal progesterone versus no progesterone in preventing PTB.

Methods and findings

This multicenter, two-by-two factorial randomised trial was conducted in 2 hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Asymptomatic women with twin pregnancies and a CL ≤28 mm at 16 to 22 gestational weeks were recruited. Between March 2019 and July 2023, we randomised 219 participants (64.4% of the planned sample size) to cerclage plus progesterone (n = 55), Arabin pessary plus progesterone (n = 56), cerclage alone (n = 54) or Arabin pessary alone (n = 54). Primary outcome was any PTB <34 weeks. Following the second interim analysis, the study was terminated due to significantly lower rates of perinatal deaths and deliveries <28 weeks in the cerclage group. The primary outcome occurred in 20 (19.8%) participants receiving cerclage versus 20 (19%) participants receiving pessary (relative risk [RR] 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60 to 1.8). Delivery <28 weeks occurred in 1% versus 8.6% (RR 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.52) and perinatal death occurred in 1% versus 5.8% (RR 0.17; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.62) in the cerclage group and the pessary group, respectively. However, PTB <24 weeks, <32 weeks, and other neonatal outcomes were not significantly different between the 2 groups. For maternal side effects, vaginal discharge was significantly less frequent in the cerclage group. In participants allocated to progesterone, PTB <34 weeks occurred in 19 (18.4%) versus 21 (20.4%) participants who did not have progesterone (RR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.6).

Conclusions

In this prematurely halted study on pregnant women with twins and a CL ≤28 mm, cerclage and cervical pessary were comparably effective on PTB <34 weeks prevention. However, compared to pessary, cerclage was associated with significantly lower rates of PTB <28 weeks and perinatal mortality.

ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT03863613 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03863613)
Topic: Distribution of Anopheles stephensi bioforms in selected districts of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh Sangeeta , Marwal Robin , Lata Suman , Saroha Poonam , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Singh Himmat
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Anopheles stephensi is a major urban malaria vector in Rajasthan, India, and is responsible for spreading persistent malaria throughout the year. In Rajasthan, An. stephensi is invariably distributed and has three bioforms discriminated based on the number of the ridge on the eggs viz; Type, Mysorensis, and Intermediate. The present study aimed to understand the distribution pattern of these bioforms in rural and urban setups as they also have differences in their malaria transmission capacity.

Methods

Gravid mosquitoes and the larvae were collected from different habitats of districts of Rajasthan. The gravid females An. stephensi were allowed to lay eggs. These eggs then were subjected to morphometric analysis and counted for the number of ridges for bioform identification.

Results

About 15000 ± 200 eggs were obtained from ~190 gravid An. stephensi collected from 45 localities (11 Urban & 34 Rural) of eight districts of Rajasthan. Out of which 3569 eggs were subjected to morphometric analysis. Mysorensis bioform (49.7%) was observed to have higher percent over Intermediate (25.5%) and Type (24.6%) bioforms. Mysorensis and Intermediate were found more in rural areas whereas the Type bioform dominated higher in urban areas.

Discussion

The Mysorensis bioform was found to be dominant throughout the year in all seasons in rural areas. Type bioform preferred indoor breeding places like underground tanks, cement tanks whereas other bioforms preferred outdoor breeding places. Egg size was found to be directly proportional to the number of ridges on the eggs (r = 0.55). No reproductive isolation was observed among these bioforms.

Conclusions

The Mysorensis bioform is more prominent than other bioforms. Subspecies level understanding helps to plan effective control measures according to the breeding site selection majorly by Type bioform, an efficient vector in this region.
Influence of co-blending fly ash and ceramic waste powder on the performance and microstructure of cementitious substrates under sulfate dry-wet cycle attack
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Zhang Lu , Li Haizhou
Published: February 2025

This study examines the properties of cement-based materials incorporating composite additions of fly ash and ceramic waste powder (CWP) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM). The resistance of the materials to sulfate erosion under dry-wet cycling conditions was investigated through experimental testing. A Box-Behnken Design was employed to establish a model using three factors: the replacement ratio of cement by SCMs, the mass ratio of CWP to SCMs, and the water-to-binder ratio. The response variable was the mass loss rate due to sulfate erosion after 24 cycles of dry-wet cycling. Significance analysis of single-factor and multiple-factor interactions was conducted based on the response surface model. The research findings indicate that the cement-based materials with combined additions of fly ash and CWP exhibit optimal resistance to sulfate erosion under dry-wet cycling conditions. The water-to-binder ratio was identified as the most significant factor affecting the corrosion resistance of the cement-based materials at 7 days of curing. The dosage of ceramic waste powder influenced the corrosion performance of the cement-based materials at 28 days of curing. The content of SCMs affected the corrosion resistance of the cement-based materials after 56 days of curing. Comparative analysis of the grayscale three-dimensional distribution map and histogram of the cement-based materials with SCMs revealed an increase in the compactness of the matrix.
qlifetable: An R package for constructing quarterly life tables
Authors: Pavía Jose M. , Lledó Josep
Published: February 2025

The big data revolution has greatly expanded the availability of microdata on vital statistics, providing researchers with unprecedented access to large and complex datasets on birth, death, migration, and population, sometimes even including exact dates of demographic events. This has led to the development of a novel methodology for estimating sub-annual life tables that offers new opportunities for the insurance industry, also potentially impacting on the management of pension funds and social security systems. This paper introduces the qlifetable package, an R implementation of this methodology. It begins by detailing how basic summary statistics are computed by the package from detailed individual records, including the length of age years, which should be observed as relative (subjective) to ensure congruency between age and calendar time when measuring exposure times and exact ages of individuals at events. This is a new result that compels the observation of time as relative in the disciplines of actuarial science, risk management and demography. Afterwards, the paper demonstrates the use of the package, which integrates a set of functions for estimating crude quarterly (and annual) death rates, calculating seasonal-ageing indexes (SAIs) and building quarterly life tables for a (general or insured) population by exploiting either microdata of dates of births and events or summary statistics.
Deep vein thrombosis in patients with patellar fractures: Assessing incidence rates and identifying risk factors
Authors: Yang Shuo , Zhang Erdong , Li Ziping , Long Yubin , Li Yiran , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Fei , Liu Lin , Wang Tao , Guo Junfei , Hou Zhiyong
Published: February 2025

Background

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) represents a significant complication following orthopedic injuries, particularly patellar fractures. Despite the prevalence, comprehensive studies assessing the incidence rates and identifying specific risk factors in patellar fracture patients are limited.

Methods

This retrospective analysis reviewed electronic medical records from 3311 patients treated for patellar fractures at two tertiary hospitals between November 2013 and January 2023. The study focused on patient demographics, fracture characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory parameters to evaluate the incidence and predictors of DVT. DVT prophylaxis measures and diagnostic criteria, including Doppler Ultrasound Scans, were rigorously applied.

Results

In patients with patellar fractures, the DVT incidence was 30.8%, with 1,790 clots identified in 1,021 diagnosed individuals, predominantly on the injured side (96.7%), and a minor portion on the uninjured side (3.2%). Key risk factors included older age (P<0.001, OR = 1.038), the presence of open injuries (P = 0.002, OR = 1.521), multiple injuries (P<0.001, OR = 3.623), and prolonged time from injury to surgical treatment (P<0.001, OR = 1.097). Conversely, higher levels of albumin (ALB) (P = 0.029, OR = 0.983) and sodium (Na) (P = 0.028, OR = 0.971) were identified as protective factors against DVT. Besides, ROC curve analysis revealed that the age of 52 years and a duration of 4 days from injury to surgery serve as predictive cut-off values for assessing the risk of DVT.

Conclusion

Our study investigates the incidence of thrombosis in patellar fracture patients and identifies key risk factors for DVT, including age, open and multiple injuries, and the time from injury to surgery. Additionally, we highlight sodium and albumin levels as protective factors. By establishing threshold values for age and surgical delay, our findings improve DVT risk assessment, facilitating earlier and more targeted interventions.
Understanding disability from a secondary data lens perspective: Evidence from consultations with members of the public with disabilities in the UK
Authors: Saloniki Eirini-Christina , Lammons William , Markham Sarah
Published: February 2025

Disability is a multifaceted phenomenon, which complicates data collection about people with disabilities in surveys and censuses. A central issue is that the multiple underlying theoretical models about disability are seldomly made explicit yet strongly determine how data are collected and analysed by governments and organisations. It is crucial that such models together with other information about disability and its measurement are accessible and understood by everyone. This study comprised several UK survey searches for disability or disability-related questions and a series of consultations with members of the public with lived experience of disability to understand their perceptions of theoretical models of disability in survey questions. The findings highlighted the importance of continued involvement of people with lived experience in technical research activities. They further revealed that members of the public with lived experience can effectively become familiar with theoretical models of disability and how to analyse them in relation to survey questions subject to careful preparation, including practical examples.
Swarm intelligence algorithms: a survey of modifications and applications
Authors: Ahmed Shaban Awaz , Ibrahim Ibrahim Mahmood
Published: February 2025

Swarm Intelligence (SI) is a dynamic subfield of artificial intelligence that draws inspiration from the collective behaviors of natural systems ‎such as ant colonies, bird flocks, and fish schools. This paper provides a comprehensive review of SI algorithms, examining their foundational ‎principles, recent modifications, and applications across diverse domains. Prominent algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), ‎Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and Bat Algorithm (BA) are analyzed alongside emerging approaches like Grey ‎Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Zebra Optimization Algorithm (ZOA), and hybrid frameworks. A key focus is placed on algorithmic advancements, in-‎cluding adaptive inertia weights in PSO, pheromone update mechanisms in ACO, and hybridization techniques such as GWO-PSO and WOA-BA, ‎addressing challenges related to convergence speed, scalability, and robustness against local optima.‎
This review explores the practical applications of SI algorithms in engineering design, healthcare, robotics, logistics, education, and social ‎media. Detailed performance comparisons reveal the strengths and limitations of each algorithm, supported by empirical results from ‎benchmark problems such as the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), pressure vessel design optimization, and radiotherapy planning. Addi-‎tionally, the study highlights novel algorithms developed between 2020 and 2023, shedding light on their contributions to the field. The ‎paper concludes by identifying current challenges, such as computational overhead and parameter sensitivity, and suggests future directions, ‎including the integration of machine learning, lightweight adaptations for resource-constrained environments, and bio-inspired enhance-‎ments‎.
Use of encapsulated rutin to create probiotic beverages with antioxidant properties
Authors:   South Ural State University, Fatkullin Rinat , Kalinina Irina ,   South Ural State University, Bryzgalova Anna ,   South Ural State University
Published: February 2025

Probiotic dairy products are widely used in the diet of the population and occupy a significant share in the structure of functional food products. The development of new types of such products with additional functional properties is an urgent task. For this purpose, it is possible to introduce into production ingredients that contribute to improving not only the microbiome, but also the general state of the body, for example, antioxidants of plant nature. However, the introduction of plant antioxidants of polyphenolic nature into fermented dairy products may be unpredictable for the preservation of their probiotic properties. The aim of the present study – to evaluate the effect of flavonoid rutin in the original and encapsulated by coacervation method on the formation of antioxidant and probiotic properties of dairy products. A commercial complex starter was used for fermentation of the beverages. To evaluate the effect of different forms of rutin on the
development of probiotic cultures of microorganisms, the latter were cultured in lactose medium with the addition of rutin in the original and encapsulated form, as well as in lactose medium with-out rutin. The biomass growth of microorganisms was evaluated using a BioSan personal bioreac-tor. The formation of probiotic properties of fermented milk drinks was evaluated by determining the content of probiotic microorganisms according to standard methods. DPPH method was used to evaluate of antioxidant properties. The results showed the possibility of obtaining probiotic fer-mented dairy products with antioxidant properties using rutin both in the original and encapsulated form. No suppressive effect of rutin on the process of probiotic microorganism’s biomass accrual was observed, despite the change in the character of the curves of biomass growth rates. All tested samples contained probiotic microorganisms in the amount sufficient for the category of probiotic functional products considering the current requirements. Antioxidant activity for milk drinks with rutin was 1.4–1.8 times higher than in the control, which indicates the feasibility of the proposed approach to obtain functional products with a complex of properties.
De facto oder tatsächlich? Eine korpusbasierte Untersuchung zur Rolle der Latinismen in der EU- und der bundesdeutschen Gesetzgebungssprache
Authors: Proia Fabio
Published: February 2025

Die zu Beginn des 11. Jahrhunderts einsetzende Rezeption des römischen Rechts im deutschen Sprachraum hatte einen tiefgreifenden Einfluss auf die deutsche Rechtssprache, die im Laufe ihrer Entwicklung zunächst zahlreiche Entlehnungen aus dem Lateinischen aufnahm, um sich dann bis zur großen Kodifikation des 19. Jahrhunderts allmählich davon zu lösen. Dieser Prozess der Ersetzung von Fremdwörtern und damit auch von Latinismen durch deutsche Entsprechungen betraf insbesondere die deutsche Gesetzgebungssprache, die als Ausdruck des nationalen Gesetzgebers darauf abzielte, nur die Landessprache zu verwenden. Gilt diese Regel heute noch? Und was geschieht bei der Umsetzung einer EU-Richtlinie, die Latinismen enthält: Werden sie beibehalten, weggelassen oder ins Deutsche übersetzt? Die qualitative Studie, die in diesem Artikel vorgestellt wird, versucht diese Fragen zu beantworten, indem sie Daten aus drei Korpora präsentiert, die jeweils EU-Richtlinien, die entsprechenden deutschen Umsetzungsmaßnahmen und deutsche Rechtsvorschriften enthalten, die nicht unter dem Einfluss einer EU-Vorlage entstanden sind.
Das neue Gerichtsdolmetschergesetz – Änderungen in Qualifizierung und Beeidigung von Dolmetschern und Übersetzern in Deutschland
Authors: Wronkowska Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

On January 1, 2023, the Court Interpreters Act came into force in Germany. This is a national law intended to standardize the swearing-in of interpreters for judicial purposes across the country. At the same time, 13 new translator and interpreter laws were enacted at the state level, introducing higher qualification requirements and additional regulations that impact the entire profession of sworn interpreters and translators. By the end of 2027 at the latest, interpreters and translators who were sworn in before 2023 will lose their status if they do not meet the new qualification requirements. The 2023 Court Interpreters Act and the corresponding state-level translator and interpreter laws were apparently aimed at creating a uniform regulatory framework for language mediation professions in the judicial sector. However, this goal has only been partially achieved. This article provides an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the new law and summarizes the resulting changes for translators, interpreters, and courts.
The effectiveness of online learning activities in a blended EAP course: relationships between language proficiency, online engagement, and language performance
Authors: Zhou Ying , Sheridan Simon , Zhang Qiwei
Published: February 2025

This study examines the effectiveness of the pre-seminar online learning activities in a blended English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course, with a particular focus on learner engagement with these online activities. It investigates the influence of learners’ English proficiency levels on their online engagement and examines the impact of this engagement on their language performance. A mixed-methods study design was employed, collecting quantitative data from 131 students and qualitative interview data from a subset of 18 participants drawn from this cohort. Simple linear regression results revealed that learners’ English proficiency levels did not predict their online behavioural engagement, but had a small predictive force on online cognitive engagement. Multiple regression results indicated a medium-sized impact of online engagement on EAP learners’ overall final scores. Specifically, simple regression results showed that online cognitive engagement was a significant predictor of learners’ EAP reading, listening, and writing scores, while behavioural engagement significantly predicted writing and speaking scores. Qualitative insights highlighted the importance of interactions between learner and content, learner and socialiser, and learner and interface when designing the online learning activities of a blended EAP course. The study concludes with an effective blended EAP learning model that optimises the use of technological modalities, emphasises the importance of online pedagogical, social, and technological interactions, and highlights the integration between online and onsite lessons.
Anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training in the management of obesity: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Marmett Bruna , da Silva Igor , Lira Fabio , Dorneles Gilson
Published: February 2025

Here we compare the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training on body weight and exercise capacity of obese patients. Randomized clinical trials that assessed the impact of any anti-obesity drug alone or combined with exercise training on body weight, body fat, fat-free mass and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese patients were retrieved from Pubmed and EMBASE up to May 2024. Risk of bias assessment was performed with RoB 2.0, and the GRADE approach assessed the certainty of evidence (CoE) of each main outcome. We included four publications summing up 202 patients. Two publications used orlistat as an anti-obesity drug treatment, while the other two adopted GLP-1 receptor agonist (liraglutide or tirzepatide) as a pharmacotherapy for weight management. Orlistat combined with exercise was superior to change body weight (mean difference (MD): −2.27 kg; 95 % CI: −2.86 to −1.69; CoE: very low), fat mass (MD: −2.89; 95 % CI: −3.87 to −1.91; CoE: very low), fat-free mass (MD: 0.56; 95 % CI: 0.40–0.72; CoE: very low), and VO2Peak (MD: 2.64; 95 % CI: 2.52–2.76; CoE: very low). GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs combined with exercise had a great effect on body weight (MD: −3.96 kg; 95 % CI: −5.07 to −2.85; CoE: low), fat mass (MD: −1.76; 95 % CI: −2.24 to −1.27; CoE: low), fat-free mass (MD: 0.50; 95 % CI: −0.98 to 1.98; CoE: very low) and VO2Peak (MD: 2.47; 95 % CI: 1.31–3.63; CoE: very low). The results reported here suggest that exercise training remains an important approach in weight management when combined with pharmacological treatment.
An Investigation of Ag/NaTi2(PO4)3 Seawater Battery Toward Scalable Energy Storage
Authors: Weng Guo-Ming
Published: February 2025

The seawater battery, consisted of silver (+ve) and carbon-coated NaTi2(PO4)3 (-ve), is an eco-friendly energy storage system due to the low cost and natural abundance of seawater. However, more efforts are still needed to research on the potential issues associated with the ion transport, the breakdown of voltage losses and the attempts for scaling up of such a battery system. Herein, it is found that a nonnegligible shuttle effect of Ag+ ions could pose a serious impact on the reversibility of the battery system. In addition, through the four-electrode measurement, the carbon-coated NaTi2(PO4)3 negative electrode with intercalation/ deintercalation chemistry is identified as the limiting component in the current battery device. Moreover, attempts on applying semi-solid electrolytes to such a battery system are also conducted. It is found that the capacity fading is serious probably due to the hydrogen evolution side reaction at the negative side. Future technical advancements in the key materials and reactor design will make this battery technology more competitive. This work offers important insights to develop safer and scalable seawater batteries.
Development of a module of sociopsychophysiological support for modern IT as a means of increasing the efficiency of individual and collective activities while preserving their biosocial health
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Kuzmina K.I. , Somik T.M. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Andon A.P. ,   Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics NAS of Ukraine
Published: February 2025

The main idea of the work is the scientific organization of work and leisure of a modern person, family, school, teams, and the world community with a transitional (from average to individual-typological) moment on the way to the effectiveness of the organization of the tandem «Professional competence - human biosocial health». The purpose of the work is to develop a SPF support module for modern IT as a means of increasing the effectiveness of the activities of an individual and a team while preserving their biosocial health. SPF module is a fundamentally new technology that is approaching automation of management. The possibility of adapting the developed technology «Family medicine at home» in the structure of the SPF module as a reliable modern highly competent SPF support method (interdisciplinary) for preserving the biosocial health of the labor collective is being considered. In a broader scale, the technology «Family Medicine at Home» is considered as the beginning of a fundamentally new understanding of the project culture of today, regarding medicine and human health. In the aspect of digital transformation of the information flow, objective SPF indicators of the individual-typological and rhythmological portrait of the collective are presented: correlation and frequency constellations, resonant frequency and system speed, etc. SPF module - technology should end with a real computer interdisciplinary SPF complex to confirm the priorities in modern human sciences such as human individuality, biorhythmology and computerization, cybernetics, which will contribute to a significant increase in the economic and cultural potential of states.
El timo del amor. Estafas eróticas realizadas por mujeres en Costa Rica entre 1970 y 1990 publicadas en el periódico La República
Authors: Sequeira Rovira Paula
Published: February 2025

El presente documento analiza un delito que apareció en Costa Rica entre la década de 1970 e inicios de 1990. Se llamó “el timo del amor” y consistió en estafas eróticas, en las que las víctimas eran hombres que fueron engañados antes, durante o después de tener un encuentro sexual casual. El objetivo del presente trabajo es rescatar esta historia para provocar una reflexión sobre las características que distinguen a los “hombres” y a las “mujeres” de aquella época y mostrar que existía cierta ambigüedad de los roles de género esperados dentro de las noticias revisadas. La investigación se realiza a partir de la consulta de la sección de sucesos del periódico La República durante las décadas citadas. En las conclusiones se analiza cómo las ideas que se repetían acerca de estos delitos (hombres lujuriosos pero ingenuos versus mujeres astutas y no interesadas en una moral sexual tradicional) sugirieron la peligrosidad de cualquier mujer que estuviera interesada en patrones de sexo casual.
Szülői háttér és iskolai sikeresség a huszadik században
Authors: Nagy Péter Tibor
Published: February 2025

A 20. század első felében az iskolai statisztika mutatta be, hogy milyen az egyes
iskolák, iskolatípusok szülői összetétele, az tehát már akkor világossá vált,
hogy az alacsony foglalkozási státuszú szülők alulreprezentáltak a magasabb
iskolákban. Az 1950-es években ennek megváltoztatására adminisztratív politikai
gyakorlat állt fenn, mely azonban 1956 után összeegyeztethetetlen volt a
konszolidációval. Az iskolák közötti választás és a szülők társadalmi státusza
közötti összefüggést elsőként Ferge Zsuzsa mutatta ki 1959-es adatfelvételen,
megelőzve a hagyományosan mintának tekintett francia oktatásszociológiát. Az
1960-as, 1990-es években számos, viszonylag kismintás szociológiai felmérés
mutatta be, hogy az „anya iskolai végzettsége” a legerősebb faktor, mely
erősebben determinál akár az apa iskolai végzettségénél, akár a család
foglalkozási vagy vagyoni helyzeténél. A tanulmány második felében arra hívjuk
fel a figyelmet, hogy Csákó Mihály 1998-ban készített 61-ezres esetszámú
adattára minden korábbinál és későbbinél részletesebb elemzést tesz lehetővé a
család-iskola kapcsolatról, illetve, hogy az 1970–2001-es népszámlálások 21.
században hozzáférhetővé vált személysoros adatbázisa – ahol az „apák” és
„anyák” (pontosabban az ilyen funkciót betöltő felnőttek) valamennyi
társadalomstatisztikai adata összekapcsolható általános és középiskolás, illetve
iskolából kimaradó gyerekeivel – az évszázad utolsó harmadának robosztus
forrását nyújtja a mai elemző számára.
Motiváció és teljesítményértékelés kapcsolata az egyetemi oktatásban
Authors: Ónodi Annamária
Published: February 2025

A tanulásban való kitartás, a szorgalom olyan fontos belső tényező, amit
napjainkban sem hagyhatunk figyelmen kívül. A több mint 3000 hallgatói véleményt
feldolgozó kutatásunk kimutatta, hogy összefüggés van a hallgatók tanuláshoz
való alaphozzáállása és egy tantárgy, illetve egy szemináriumi csoport
megítélése között. A kutatás eredményeit, illetve az ez alapján megfogalmazott
javaslatokat érdemes figyelembe venni az oktatók teljesítményértékelési
rendszerének tervezésekor. A cél az egyetemi oktatás minőségi színvonalának
megőrzése, melyet részben a hallgatói visszajelzés segít, másrészt olyan
rendszert kell kialakítani, amely nem kényszeríti az oktatókat olyan módszerek
alkalmazására, amely elsősorban a hallgatói elégedettséget és nem az oktatás
hatékonyságának emelését szolgálja.
Szülői beruházások és képzési háttér
Authors: Veroszta Zsuzsanna
Published: February 2025

A kutatás célja a kora gyermekkori szülői beruházások vizsgálata az anyai
képzettségi és mobilitási háttér függvényében. A korai beruházás vizsgált
időszaka az első három életév, eszközei az időbeni és pénzbeni szülői
beruházások, azaz a fejlesztő jellegű gyermekgondozási tevékenységek és fizetős
szolgáltatások. Az adatok a Kohorsz ’18 Magyar Születési Kohorszvizsgálat
longitudinális adatbázisából származnak. A vizsgálati módszer egy- és
kétváltozós leíró statisztika. Az eredmények alapján a gyermek korai fejlődését
elősegítő szülői beruházások az anya iskolai végzettsége szerint eltérő
mértékűek és a végzettség szintjével párhuzamosan alakulnak. Az időbeni és
pénzbeni beruházások anyai képzési szintek szerinti megoszlása az időbeni
beruházások esetében az alsó, a pénzbeniek esetében a felső végzettségi
kategóriákban mutat nagyobb eltéréseket. Az anya intergenerációs képzési
mobilitása szerinti eltéréseken a mobilitási irány kevéssé azonosítható, a
beruházási átlagok alakulásában inkább a végzettségi szint hierarchikus
különbségei érvényesülnek.
Családszerkezet és társas-érzelmi nehézségek kora gyermekkorban
Authors: Monostori Judit , Szabó Laura , Kopcsó Krisztina
Published: February 2025

Tanulmányunk célja annak vizsgálata, hogy a családszerkezet hogyan függ össze a
társas-érzelmi nehézségek kockázatával kora gyermekkorban. A családszerkezet
leírására kialakított változó méri, hogy egy vagy két szülő neveli-e a
gyermeket; hogy a párkapcsolatra épülő család intakt vagy mozaik család-e, és
hogy élnek-e a családban a gyermeknek fél- és/vagy póttestvérei. Az adatok
forrása a Kohorsz ’18 Magyar Születési Kohorszvizsgálat. Az anya, valamint a
gyermek demográfiai jellemzőit is kontroll alatt tartva, eredményeink jelzik,
hogy a nem intakt családok különböző típusaiban a kockázati értékek magasabbak,
mint az intakt családokban. Az összefüggés a nem intakt családokra jellemző
kedvezőtlenebb társadalmi státusszal és egyéb tényezőkkel (szülők közötti
konfliktusok, anya mentális egészsége, lakóhely területi elhelyezkedése)
magyarázható.
A szülők óvodaválasztását meghatározó tényezők
Authors: Mándoki Réka , Hegedűs Roland
Published: February 2025

Az elmúlt években a szülők számára egyre fontosabbá vált, hogy gyermeküknek a
lehető legmegfelelőbb óvodát válasszák, bár nem mindenki számára egyenlően adott
ennek a lehetősége (Kovács–Czachesz 2021). Magyarországon a
2000-es évek elején Török Balázs (2001, 2004) végzett
nagymintás kutatást az óvodaválasztással kapcsolatban, később nem készültek
ebben a témában vizsgálatok, ezért húsz év távlatában ennek a kérdésnek a
kutatása már időszerű. A kvantitatív adatgyűjtést a 2023/2024-es nevelési évben
végeztük, közel 100 óvodában Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Hajdú-Bihar, illetve
Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg vármegyében. Az eredmények elemzéséhez az SPSS
statisztikai programot használtuk, amiben kereszttábla-elemzést,
ANOVA-vizsgálatot, valamint klaszteranalízist végeztünk. A klaszterelemzés
alapján jól elkülöníthető csoportokat sikerült létrehozni az óvodaválasztást
befolyásoló tényezők alapján, és eredményeink szerint a szülők iskolai
végzettsége meghatározza azt, hogy mennyire körültekintően választanak óvodát
gyermeküknek.
A historical checklist of the orchid flora (Orchidaceae) of Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Carrera Martín , Baquero Luis
Published: February 2025

We compile a species inventory of orchid species collected at Quito, Ecuador, between 1790 and 2018 and compare it with the orchid species observed in the field between 2018 and 2021. Historical herbarium records include 52 orchid species in Quito. During our field campaigns, we found 29 of these previously collected species in herbaria and an additional 11 species which we newly report from Quito, bringing the total number of orchid species in Quito to 63 species. However, we were unable to find 23 species during our field campaigns. Our study shows that even in one of the largest Ecuadorian cities, several orchid species are still present, and among them, species not previously reported. Urgent conservation actions are needed in urban areas to preserve urban diver‑ sity and native ecosystems in Quito.
Maternity behind and beyond bars: analysis from the perspective of protection bioethics
Authors: Santos Denise Santana Silva dos , Schneider Dulcinéia Ghizoni , Vargas Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze how motherhood is expressed in female prison units from the perspective of Bioethics of Protection. Method: qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, developed in two women’s prison units. Participantes were: six mothers deprived of liberty, 15 health professionals, and nine prison officers. For data collection, semi-structured interviews and descriptive observation were used. Data analysis was based on the Content Analysis technique, thematic category. Results: three categories emerged: women and children violated behind bars (inequities); mothers and children in prison exacerbating imbalances, tensions and conflicts; and limits and references for resocialization. Final Considerations: the Bioethics of Protection proposal appears as a valid tool for the analytical direction of the process of confronting issues in the scope of public health in prison units, considering vulnerable groups and aiming at equity and human dignity.
Inventory of ethical problems in mobile pre-hospital care
Authors: Oliveira Simone da Silva , Ferraz Mariana Oliveira Antunes , Rosa Darci de Oliveira Santa , Freitas Kátia Santana , Souza Elaine de Oliveira , Santos Deisy Vital dos , Malvestio Marisa Aparecida Amaro
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Objective: to construct and validate the content of an inventory of ethical problems experienced by nurses in mobile pre-hospital care. Method: a psychometric approach study, developed with the following stages: (1) instrument construction through a theoretical matrix based on deliberative bioethics, scoping review and online qualitative research; (2) content validity by judges; (3) pre-testing with Mobile Emergency Care Service nurses in various Brazilian states. For content validity analysis, the Content Validity Ratio was calculated (CVR>0.45 for judges and CVR>0.35 for the target population). Results: the instrument had 44 items, distributed across four dimensions. Final considerations: the constructed instrument presented sources of evidence of content validity, providing good psychometric measurements and constituting a useful tool for nurses’ practice in the pre-hospital setting.
Teleproctoring of endovascular treatment of aortic diseases in times of pandemic and war
Authors: Oliveira Fabio Augusto Cypreste , Campedelli Fabio Lemos , Amorelli Carlos Eduardo de Souza , Pozzetti Ana Luiza Pereira da Silva , Bossa Milena Fachini dos Santos , João Priscila Cristina
Published: February 2025

Abstract Telemedicine encompasses various activities leveraging technology for remote health care. Surgical teleproctoring is described in the literature and has been used by some medical specialties for real-time and remote intraoperative guidance. However, there is still limited evidence on its use for the implantation of aortic endoprostheses. Technological progress and the advancement of telemedicine encourage surgical telementoring, especially in circumstances where in-person proctorship is not feasible, such as in remote areas, during pandemics and wars, and in settings lacking financial resources. In this context, we present the successful application of easily available and low-cost online teleproctoring of real-time aortic endoprosthesis implantation, addressing aortic diseases in a country experiencing social isolation due to the ongoing pandemic and war.
Obstruction in the feline bladder by Capillaria sp. - case report
Authors: Damasceno D.T. , Evangelista A.G. , Chagas L.O. , Trevisan C. , Cordeiro T.S.T.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Capillaria SP is a nematode parasite that can occasionally affect the bladder, and its most common final host is carnivores, but with felines it is often not known whether they are less affected or not diagnosed, and there are few reports on the subject. The diagnosis of this pathology is made with a sedimentary urine test, investigating the presence of parasite eggs. The present work is a case report, occurred in a semi domiciled feline. The objective of this report is to present new information on the subject that is still poorly publicized today.
Selection of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential from colonial cheeses
Authors: André J.A.M. , Balbinot L. , Casaril K.B.P.B.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify, through phenotypic analyses, lactic acid bacteria from samples of colonial cheeses, with probiotic potential, as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial effects, their tolerance to acidic conditions and their resistance to gastrointestinal tract in a simulated form. Ten samples of colonial cheese (n=10) were used to isolate 100 bacterial cultures. The cultures were phenotypically characterized and tested for resistance to different temperatures, carbohydrate fermentation capacity and growth capacity at different NaCl concentrations. Subsequently, 20 cultures were selected for analysis of antimicrobial activity and susceptibility, tolerance, and resistance to acidic media. It was observed that most of the bacteria presented the form of Gram-positive bacilli (67%) and negative catalase (97%), all showed growth at the evaluated temperatures (10°C and 45°C) and in relation of carbohydrate fermentation, 93% fermented glucose, 99% mannitol and all fermented lactose and sorbitol with gas production, characterizing themselves as heterofermentative. Regarding resistance to different antimicrobials, 75% were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. The survival rate for simulated conditions of the gastrointestinal tract was 15% in acidic medium (pepsin and pH 2) and 90% when acidic medium was associated with milk (pepsin + milk and pH 2), after 240 minutes. They showed longer survival time and excellent resistance in intestinal conditions. It is possible to infer that the LAB present in the colonial cheeses analyzed present promising characteristics to be considered as potentially probiotics.
Changes in the oxidative state and nutrimental composition of orange residue (Citrus sinensis L.) dehydrated and ensiled at different times
Authors: Hernández-Bautista J. , Salinas-Rios T. , Guzmán-Jiménez B.I. , Soto-Hernández R.M. , Rodríguez-Magadán H.M. , Miguel-Chávez R. San , Nieto-Aquino R. , Sanchéz-Santillán P.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT The aim was to evaluate the changes in oxidative state and chemical composition of orange residues dehydrated and ensiled at different times. Residues of fresh oranges after juice extraction were ground and divided into three parts, the first analyzed while fresh, the second dehydrated and the third ensiled in 7 plastic mini-silos and opened at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days. Dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, pH, lactic acid, antioxidant capacity, phenols and flavonoids were measured. It was found that stabilization of lactic acid production occurred on day 28 of ensiling. The loss of dry matter and the increase of crude protein occurred from the 7th day to present later no changes; the process of fermentation during ensilage modified the antioxidant compounds, highlighting the increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of gallic, chlorogenic, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic and coumaric acids; the antioxidant capacity increased until reaching its maximum value on the 35th day of ensilage. Regarding dehydration, protocatechuic acid increased, while the other phenolic acids tended to disappear. It is concluded that the dehydration and ensilage of orange residues are dynamic processes that imply changes in the concentration of nutrients and antioxidants.
Antimicrobial resistance and virulence studies in broiler chicken production: a one health approach
Authors: Holmström T.C.N. , David L.A. , Pinto L.B. , Makita M.T. , Reis T.L. , Rocha-de-Souza C.M. , França D.A. , Coelho S.M.O. , Coelho I.S. , Melo D.A. , Souza M.M.S.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize bacterial species and their resistance and virulence profiles in a poultry production located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Samples from 1-day-old chicks and broilers were evaluated using dependent and independent cultivation techniques. The 25 strains of Staphylococcus spp. presented the mecA gene. Of the 51 strains of Enterococcus spp., a strain of E. faecium presented the vanB gene, and one strain of E. faecalis presented vanA and vanB genes simultaneously. Analysis of scraped litter from wood used for poultry animals revealed the presence of a carbapenemase resistant gene, blaVIM, in one of the samples evaluated. Of the 44 Enterobacterales isolates, 45% (20/44) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Of these, 9 (45%) tested positive for the blaSHV gene, 4 (20%) for the blaCTX gene, 3 (15%) for the blaTEM gene, 2 (10%) for the blaSHV and blaCTX genes and 2 (10%) for the blaSHV and blaTEM genes. Some virulence factors related to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) were detected in the E. coli strains. The role of animal production in the emergence and spread of resistance genes is a matter of One Health, requiring studies to be carried out in animal environments.
Evaluating the in vitro efficiency of grapevine leaves against Eimeria flavescens sporozoites infecting domestic rabbits
Authors: Murshed M. , Al-Tamimi J. , Hailan W.A.Q. , Al-Quraishy S.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Coccidiosis is a common disease in rabbits and is caused by Eimeria spp., which poses a threat to its survival. The research aims to assess the effect of the Vitis vinifera extract on Eimeria flavescens sporozoites for inhibition viability. Twenty-four-well plates with a volume of 3 mL each, each containing one thousand sporulated oocysts/mL, were subjected to seven different treatments: control of 2.5% potassium dichromate solution; five different extract concentrations 125, 250, 500, 750, and 1000μg/mL concentrations for anti-sporozoites activities. in addition, 25mg/ml of Toltrazuril was as a reference medicine. The mixture's anti-sporozoite properties were assessed, and it was able to block the E. flavescens oocysts at 125g/mL, Vitis vinifera showed the lowest inhibition of 9% and the largest suppression of 87% of the viability of E. flavescens sporozoite at 1000g/mL. Longer incubation times and higher doses usually increase the inhibition rate for sporozoite viability. Findings showed that V. vinifera leaf extract has effective activity in vitro sporozoite viability.
Outcome of a bilateral mastectomy in a Criollo mare with adenocarcinoma - case report
Authors: Santos I.P.O. , Rafael L.A. , Dallmann P.B.J. , Costa E.M.D. , Raphaelli G.M. , Kaster E.W. , Nogueira C.E.W.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Mammary neoplasms are rare in horses compared to other species. However, early diagnosis is crucial to ensure adequate treatment and complete recovery. This study presents a detailed case report of a Criollo mare diagnosed with unilateral mammary adenocarcinoma. It emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and personalized treatment plans in achieving a successful outcome and ensuring a high quality of life for the mare. Histopathological analysis was vital for confirming the definitive diagnosis. The therapeutic approach involved a total mastectomy, including the removal of inguinal lymph nodes and a safety margin. Because the surgical procedure resulted in a significant skin defect, the treatment strategy incorporated various therapies, such as the use of amniotic membrane, daily cleaning, and the application of crystal sugar, all in combination with appropriate pharmacological therapy. Despite the rarity of this type of neoplasm in horses, this case report highlights the significance of early diagnosis and tailored therapeutic interventions. It also provides valuable insights into the clinical management and treatment of mammary neoplasms in horses.
Road ecology impact on capybara species: Operational traffic events involving capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) on the western section of highway in Brazil
Authors: Ramos G.C.F. , Araújo M.J. , Marinho M.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Capybaras can cause serious traffic accidents, generally resulting in the death of the animal. The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of accidents expressed as a heat map and propose mitigation measures. The data analyzed comprised a concessioned stretch of highway in the west zone of the state of São Paulo, between January 2019 and December 2020. The parametric data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test and T test. Hotspot maps and Kernel density were done using QGIS 3.20 software. The 946 capybaras were involved in road accidents during this period and, of these, 623 were removed from the highway and 323 died in the accidents. Ten hot spots were found, all concentrated in points with human interference, pointing to the need for mitigating measures
Teucrium polium leaves extract reduces nicotine-induced histopathological and biochemical alteration in the spleen via amelioration of antioxidant biomarker
Authors: Alatawi A. , Maodaa S. , Alarifi S. , Al-Shaebi E. , Ajarem J. , Alhomoud D. , Alawwad S. , Khadrawy S. M. , Wang C. , Al-Quraishy S.
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT Nicotine, the most toxic factor in tobacco, can damage a wide range of biological molecules by inducing oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Teucrium polium Leaves extract (TPLE) against the toxic properties of nicotine in the spleen of mice. Twenty-four mice were equally divided into four groups (n = 6): normal control, TPLE (100mg/kg), nicotine (2.5mg/kg), and TPLE plus nicotine-treated groups (once a day) for 3 weeks. The spleen index and spleen homogenate of sacrificed mice obtained on day 21 were used to assess the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Nicotine administration causes spleen homogenate levels of malondialdehyde, nitrite oxide, and spleen index to increase significantly, while glutathione levels are significantly reduced. TPLE administration improved these changes by ameliorating antioxidant biomarkers via lowering MDA and NO content and elevating GSH levels. The histological sections showed normal architecture of the mice spleen treated with T. polium extract, but a further distortion in those that received nicotine only. However, improved morphology was seen in the group treated with TPLE extract and nicotine when compared with the control group. These findings suggest that using T. polium helps protect the spleen against the hazardous effects of nicotine.