bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgery for acute mediastinitis in oesophageal perforations and descending necrotising infection: complications, mortality and protective factors
Authors: Zabaleta Jon , Aguinagalde Borja , Fuentes Marta G , Bazterargui Nerea , Laguna Stephany M. , Izquierdo José M.
Published: October 2023

Acute mediastinitis is a life-threatening situation that is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The most common causes of mediastinitis are: oesophageal perforation, acute necrotising mediastinitis (ANM) and post-sternotomy mediastinitis. The aim of this study was to analyze prognostic factors and the differences between mediastinitis from various origins. A retrospective analysis was carried out on all patients operated on for acute mediastinitis between 2000 and 2009. Surgical interventions were performed on 33 patients (69.7% male), the majority as a consequence of oesophageal perforation (21 cases). The overall mortality rate was 30%. Better survival was seen in subjects less than 60 years of age, subjects with no comorbidities, and subjects who had undergone early tracheotomy. Patients with ANM were younger, had less comorbidities, diagnosed later and required more repeat interventions compared to those patients who had mediastinitis caused by oesophageal perforations. Mortality was lower in the ANM group, but this was not statistically significant. Protective factors in mediastinitis are: early diagnostic and treatment, age under 60 years, absence of major comorbidity and early tracheotomy.
Severe hypoxia following video capsule endoscopy
Authors: Degani Adil T. , Forseen Caralee J. , Chang Albert S.Y.
Published: October 2023

Video capsule endoscopy is generally associated with gastrointestinal complications, but there have been few instances of asymptomatic aspiration. We present a 74-year-old male being evaluated for gastrointestinal bleed. A video capsule was deployed with no acute respiratory symptoms. However, after airway intubation for emergent gastrointestinal surgery, he developed profound hypoxia. The video capsule was found to be completely occluding his left main stem bronchus. Due to a significantly surgically altered airway secondary to previous head and neck carcinoma and the capsule’s difficult size and shape, the capsule was dislodged only through the use of a Fogarty catheter with eventual removal from the oropharynx using forceps.
Frank elevation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid IgE level in hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome
Authors: Altraja Alan
Published: October 2023

Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare hereditary immunodeficiency disorder characterized mainly by an elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level. However, the IgE level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of HIES patients has not been addressed before. The case of a 24-year-old non-smoking Caucasian male HIES patient with classical skin infections in childhood and recurrent staphylococcal pneumonias is reported. Out of an infectious episode, the total IgE level was measured in BALF by chemiluminescence method, along with appropriate analysis of immunoglobulins A (IgA), G (IgG) and M (IgM), albumin and cellular components. In parallel, the respective markers were measured in serum. An elevated level of BALF IgE of 15.10 ng/mL (6.24 IU/mL) along with the marked heightening of IgE in serum at 130,583 ng/mL (53,960 IU/mL) was observed. The relative coefficients of excretion (RCE), based on BALF and serum albumin concentrations (100.6 mg/L and 39 g/L, respectively), were 0.0448, 1.49, 1.94 and <3.40 for IgE, IgA, IgG and IgM, respectively. The results show a frank increase in BALF IgE level in HIES compared to that reported for healthy individuals and the low RCE value for IgE suggest a diffusion of IgE across the respiratory membrane. This case study demonstrates a markedly elevated BALF IgE level in HIES that could be used to support the diagnosis, but also raises important BALFrelated aspects in HIES that provoke further studies on BALF from HIES patients.
Metastatic intestinal adenocarcinoma arising within mature teratoma of the mediastinum: report of a surgically-resected case
Authors: Houcine Yoldez , Moussa Chirine , Abid Tarek , Hammami Sadok , Skhiri Héla , Ayadi Aida
Published: October 2023

Intestinal adenocarcinoma spontaneously developing in an anterior mediastinal multilocular teratoma in a 33-year-old female is described. The patient has been experiencing chest distress for several months. On a chest X-ray, a cystic anterior mediastinal mass was identified. A subsequent computed tomography scan revealed a heterogeneous mass measuring 20x15x10 centimeters in the anterior right mediastinum. She underwent a median thoracotomy excision. The histopathologic examination revealed a mature teratoma with intestinal adenocarcinoma metastases associated with pulmonary, cutaneous, and diaphragmatic metastases.
Smoking habits and teachable moment among hospitalized patients admitted to the internal medicine department
Authors: Bösch Dennis
Published: October 2023

Hospitalization seems a favorable setting to quit smoking. The purpose of this study was to determine the smoking habits and teachable moments among hospitalized patients admitted to the internal medicine department. A prospective study involving 253 patients admitted to an academic teaching hospital was conducted. The rate of current smokers ranged from 75% in the group of 30 to 39-year-old male patients to 0% in female patients 80 years and older; mean prevalence 34%. Although males had a higher prevalence of smoking in the younger population, the number of current smokers between the genders nearly converged in patients greater or equal to 50 years of age. Among the internal subspecialties, it was highest in patients admitted for pulmonary disease. The number of patients that quit smoking before discharge was similar between both genders, but significantly different among the age-groups and subspecialties. The fraction of quitters was greater in patients 50 years and older, compared to patients less than 50 years (35% vs. 11%, respectively), and in patients admitted for pulmonary disease, compared to all other patients (33% vs. 12%, respectively). In summary, smoking habits among inpatients are very heterogenous, depending on age, gender, and medical reason for admission. Highest prevalences are found in young, male patients, as well as patients admitted for pulmonary disease. On the other hand, the rate of quitters is significantly greater in patients 50 years and older, and patients admitted for pulmonary disease. Besides targeting our efforts at those who are susceptible to the effects, within the scope of secondary and tertiary prevention of many chronic pulmonary and cardiac diseases, it might be favorable and most efficient to focus on the young, middle-aged patients in tailoring specific support, especially in respiratory medicine.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the treatment of primary pneumothorax: talc pleurodesis or pleural abrasion? Retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Zabaleta Jon , Aguinagalde Borja , Alvarez Carlos , Fuentes Marta G. , Bazterargui Nerea , Izquierdo José M , Emparanza José I.
Published: October 2023

In the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) the latest guidelines recommend video-assisted thoracoscopy, but do not specify the best technique for performing pleurodesis. Indeed, there are no clinical trials comparing the effectiveness of talc pleurodesis, mechanical pleurodesis and pleurectomy. Our objective was to compare outcomes in patients who underwent surgery for primary pneumothorax with the talc procedure or with pleural abrasion using dry gauze. Patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for PSP in two hospitals were retrospectively recruited between 2007 and 2008, and followed-up until December 2010. The variables measured to compare the outcomes were: recurrence, complications, and mortality, as well as the duration of air leaks and of drainage and the length of postoperative hospital stay (in days). Statistical analysis: The two groups were compared using the Chi square test for qualitative variables and nonparametric tests for continuous variables. A total of 106 interventions were carried out in 104 patients (74 in group A: pleural abrasion with dry gauze; 32 in group B: chemical pleurodesis with talc), with a mean age of 28 years (median 25) and 85.6% were male. Complications were observed in nine patients (8.5%) and there were no deaths in the 30 days after surgery; there were, however, four cases of recurrence (3.8%). The mean air leak duration was 0.78 days (median 0), the mean drainage duration 1.95 days (median 1) and the mean length of postoperative hospital stay 2.68 days (median 2). In 74 cases (69.8%), mechanical pleurodesis was performed, while 32 cases were treated with talc (30.2%). Comparing the two groups, we did not find statistically significant differences in recurrence (4.1% vs 3.1%, P=0.82), complications (6.8% vs 12.5%, P=0.45) or mortality (no cases of death). On the other hand, the mean postoperative hospital stay was lower in the mechanical pleurodesis group than in the talc group (2.2 vs 3.8 days, P=0.005). Video-assisted surgery in the treatment of PSP is a safe technique. In the mechanical pleurodesis group, we observed the same rate of recurrence, half the number of complications and a shorter hospital stay. We consider it necessary that well-designed multicentre clinical trials be carried out to compare these techniques and determine which produces the best outcomes, providing stronger scientific evidence given that the data available to date are not conclusive.
Dyspnea after a greasy meal
Authors: Garrido Patricia Ines , Ferreira Dalila , Bugalho Antonio , Salvado Gonçalo , Carreiro Luis
Published: October 2023

A 72-year-old solid man presented with dyspnea and dysphagia following meals high in saturated fat. The investigation revealed that a mediastinal mass was responsible for the compression of the trachea and main carina. Fine needle aspiration guided by endobronchial ultrasound revealed a milky fluid with a high concentration of triglycerides and chylomicra. It was determined that a thoracic duct cyst was present. Due to the patient's refusal of more invasive therapeutic procedures, clinical stability was attained through conservative treatment.
Late presentation of delayed hemothorax after blunt chest trauma in a patient with impaired liver function
Authors: Authried Georg , Søgaard Teisner Ane , Stenger Michael
Published: October 2023

Delayed hemothorax (DHTX) after blunt chest trauma (BCT) is fairly uncommon but nevertheless associated with a substantial morbidity. DTHX is often related to several or displaced rib fractures and usually presented within the first few days or weeks after the chest trauma. We present a case with an unusual late presentation of DTHX 4½ months following a BCT with several non-displaced rib fractures after falling down a staircase. Furthermore, we argue that patients with impaired liver function may have an increased risk of bleeding complications after BCT with associated rib fractures and should be considered for more intensive follow-up.
Risk factors and prevention of choking
Authors: Saccomanno Sabina , Saran Stefano , Coceani  Paskay Licia , De Luca Martina , Tricerri Augusto , Mafucci Orlandini Samuele , Greco Francesca , Messina Giuseppe
Published: October 2023

Choking (or foreign body airway obstruction) is a widespread phenomenon with serious consequences of morbidity and mortality. Choking (often also called suffocation) can be caused by food or inedible objects and leads to various degrees of asphyxiation or lack of oxygen in the blood stream. The incidence is very high in both young children and adults, especially seniors. However, since not all choking episodes end up in the emergency room or become fatalities, they often escape statistics. Although episodes of choking from non-edible bodies are infrequent, they affect mostly young children. Three of the most common risks for choking in general are neurological disorders, dysphagia and dental issues (few or no teeth, unstable or unsuitable prosthesis or orthodontic appliances).  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of choking and ways to reduce/avoid this event. We reported data on a series of 138 patients admitted to the emergency department following a choking event, at a hospital in Rome, Italy. The age group of the analyzed population ranged from 1 to 88 years, with the most represented age group of these between 40 and 59, with a similar distribution between males and females. The types of foods on which people choked reflected the seasonal, traditional and local foods: 67% of patients reported choking on fish bones followed by meat bones (9%)  and artichokes (3%). Three relevant non-food choking elements reported were: orthodontic items, toothpicks and pins (one occurrence each). We also reported on two clinical cases of patients choking on meat and a chicken bone. In conclusion, choking awareness and prevention are essential for implementing potential life-saving precautions. Prevention is the first tool to reduce the occurrence of this event, therefore it is necessary to analyze the risk factors and educate the population to eliminate them. Proper chewing and oral manipulation are paramount functions in preventing choking, along with meal-time supervision if little children and elderly. Then, it behooves the healthcare professionals to disseminate knowledge
Comitati Etici Territoriali e questioni etiche connesse con le attività di ricerca clinica e assistenziali
Authors: Spagnolo Antonio G.
Published: October 2023

Non disponibile.
Evaluation of hepatitis B viremia and corresponding antibodies among infected patients attending Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Emeribe Anthony Uchenna , Abdullahi Idris Nasir , Dangana Amos , Ojeamiren Iduda , Anka Abubakar Umar , Ahmad Abdurrahman El-Fulaty
Published: October 2023

In most under-developed and developing countries, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B relied mainly on detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological biomarkers. The reliability of these markers in comparison with HBV DNA viral load is required to review their diagnostic value. Thus, this study investigated the serological and HBV viral load profile of persons with hepatitis B attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria. Attributes of hepatitis B-infected participants (February-May, 2018) were assessed. They included hepatitis B antigens (HBsAg, HBeAg), antibodies (HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAb) and HBV DNA, using rapid immunichromatigraphical and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. Structured questionnaires were used to collate participants biodata. Out of 53 participants, 30 were male and 23 were female. 90.6% (48/53) were positive for HBsAg, 28.3% (15/53) were positive for HBsAb, 60.4% (32/53) were positive for HBcAb, 17.0% (9/53) were positive for HBeAg, while HBeAb was detected in 58.5% (31/53). HBV DNA was significantly associated with HBcAb (χ2=28.622, P=0.000), HBeAg (χ2=11.820, P=0.008), and HBeAb (χ2=16.440, P=0.001). The on-site point of care serological test has significant impact in diagnosis and monitoring Hepatitis B when compared to qPCR.
Perception of Nutrition Education and Subjective Competency in Nutrition Topics among Korean Family Medicine Residents
Authors: Park Seung Guk , Park Yonchul
Published: October 2023

Background: Appropriate nutrition is necessary for maintaining good health in the general population. During primary physician training, it is important to educate residents on the basic concepts of nutrition and methods to manage nutritional aspects according to various disease. However, little is known about the perception of nutritional education among Korean family medicine residents. This study analyzed the recognition of the importance of nutritional education, the amount received, and satisfaction with it as well as self-perceived competency in various nutrition topics among residents.Methods: Web-based questionnaires were sent via mobile messages to all the residents registered with the Korean Academy of Family Medicine (KAFM). Out of 566 residents, 68 voluntarily participated in the study. The questionnaire consisted of 41 items related to perceptions of nutrition education, self-perceived competency in nutrition topics, and demographic characteristics.Results: The response rate was 12.01%. Residents rated their satisfaction with nutrition education at 4.78 out of 10, and 83.3% considered it important. However, only 13.24% of the participants felt that it was adequate. The most common training method for nutrition education was lectures at KAFM conferences. Among the 29 nutritional topics, the residents reported highest confidence in subjects related to chronic diseases such as obesity (77.94%), diabetes (75%), cardiovascular disease (67.65%), gastrointestinal disorders (67.65%), and weight loss management (67.65%). Conversely, topics related to women (36.76%), children and adolescents (38.23%), drug-nutrient interactions (39.7%), eating disorders (42.64%), and food labels (42.64%) showed low self-perceived confidence rates.Conclusion: Korean family medicine residents value nutrition education but believe that more education is necessary and they demonstrate differences in self-perceived competency in various nutrition topics.
The co-administration of intranasal insulin and GLP-1RA as targeting drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of post COVID-19 smell and taste dysfunctions and brain fog
Authors: Ahmed Amr , Barakat Aml M.
Published: October 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in high infection rates, significant morbidity, and postmortality among older adults, resulting in a global burden of COVID-19 survivors’ long-term care. Post-COVID-19 syndrome appears to affect a significant proportion of people who have recovered from acute COVID-19. Fatigue, brain fog, and a lack of smell and/or taste are all common and debilitating symptoms of the post-COVID-19 syndrome. Even though many people suffer from smell dysfunction as a symptom of post-COVID-19 syndrome, there has been no definite treatment until now. We bring forward this novel idea to encourage scientists to conduct clinical research to improve the quality of life of most people affected by these symptoms. In addition, some clinical trials have been conducted already by the Ministry of Minea University, Egypt.
Evaluation of Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections in Patients with Sacroiliac Pain
Authors: Andalib Ali , Etemadifar Mohammadreza , Ansari Bardei Mohammad
Published: October 2023

Background:

Sacroiliac pain is one of the causes of low back pain, representing with discomfort and tenderness in the sacroiliac joint. Interventional procedures might be beneficial in cases unresponsive to medical treatments. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of intra-articular corticosteroid injections in patients with sacroiliac pain.

Materials and Methods:

This is a clinical trial performed in 2017–2018 in Kashani Hospital, Isfahan, on patients with low back pain and formerly diagnosed with sacroiliac pain. Patients were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Corticosteroid injections were performed for patients. Patients were visited within 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 months after interventions, and pain and disabilities of patients were assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry Disability Questionnaire.

Results:

A total number of 27 patients entered our clinical trial. We showed that the mean NRS score among patients before interventions was 8.01 ± 0.96. Assessments of disability score also indicated that the mean disability scores was 41.48 ± 7.48. Our data also indicated that there was a significant reducing trend in both NRS and disability score after interventions (P < 0.001 for both items).

Conclusion:

Intra-articular steroid injection is associated with significantly reduced pain and disability in patients with sacroiliac pain. Previous studies evaluated variable methods and reported that this method has high values and significant advantages compared with other techniques which were in line with our results.
Comparison of Success Rate and Safety of Nasotracheal Intubation by Conventional and Finger-Guided Method in Patients Undergoing Maxillofacial Surgery
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Jalal , Shetabi Hamidreza , Talakoub Reihanak , Aminizad Avishan
Published: October 2023

Background:

Different techniques have been introduced to reduce the complications of nasotracheal intubation. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of nasotracheal intubation complications in finger-guided and conventional methods.

Materials and Methods:

In this double-blind randomized trial study, 70 patients who were candidates for oral and maxillofacial surgery who required nasal intubation were included in the study finally of which 33 patients with conventional method and 35 patients with finger-guided tubes in the nasopharynx were analyzed at the end of the study. Variables such as success rate, hemodynamic response, and complications of intubation were compared between the two groups.

Results:

There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of hemodynamic response to intubation (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of success in tracheal intubation (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of epistaxis immediately after intubation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of nasal turbine fractures (P > 0.05). However, the frequency of submucosal intubation in the conventional method was significantly higher than the other group (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:

Nasotracheal intubation using the finger guiding technique in the nasopharynx is associated with a higher success rate and less complications after intubation such as epistaxis and submucosal intubation compared to the conventional method.
Neurovascular Structures at Risk During Surgical Access to Trigeminal Ganglion and Meckel's Cave – An Anatomical Study
Authors: Chaware Prashant , Kumar Venkatasurya , Srivastava Ankit , Raj Sumit , Rathinam Bertha A. D.
Published: October 2023

Background:

It is difficult to approach the Trigeminal Ganglion (TG) and Meckel's cave (MC) during surgeries. Therefore, the exact knowledge of the relationship of surgical landmarks to related anatomical structures is vital to reduce the associated postoperative morbidity. The aim of the present study was to enhance the knowledge of the surgical anatomy of structures that are present in the conduit of all surgical approaches to TG and MC, their distances from surrounding neurovascular structures, and their variations.

Material and Methods:

The study was carried out on 40 embalmed cadavers (Eight Female) of the anatomy department of a teaching hospital in Central India. Meticulous dissection of cranial fossae was done to locate TG, MC, and related anatomical structures. All distances from TG and MC were measured using an electronic digital calliper.

Results:

Length, width, and thickness of TG were 15.39 mm, 4.39 mm, and 2.54 mm, respectively. The distance from zygomatic arch, the lateral end of the petrous ridge, arcuate eminence, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum to MC was 26.10 mm and 37.94 mm, 16.46 mm, 4.54 mm, and 11.23 mm, respectively. The sixth, fourth, and third cranial nerves were 6.26 mm, 4.94 mm, and 2.53 mm from MC, respectively. The MC was 42.72 mm and 33.87 mm anteromedial from posterior and anterior limits of the sigmoid sinus.

Conclusion:

Findings of the present study will aid surgical planning and decide the approach to TG and MC and avoid surgical complications.
The Effect of Switching from Volume-Controlled to Pressure-Controlled Ventilation on Respiratory Distress and Asynchrony Index Improvement Among Mechanically Ventilated Adults
Authors: Saghaei Mahmoud , Abbasi Saeed , Alikiaii Babak , Pakzad Moghadam Sayed Hamid
Published: October 2023

Background:

It is important to synchrony the time, intensity, and respiratory signal of the phrenic nerve between the patient and the ventilator. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of switching from volume-controlled to pressure-controlled ventilation on respiratory distress and asynchrony index improvement.

Materials and Methods:

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 70 patients admitted to the intensive care unit under mechanical ventilation were included. Asynchronous evaluation was performed by examining the patient and evaluating and analyzing the graphic flow curve and ventilator pressure, which included trigger and flow asynchronous and asynchronous cycling. In the intervention group, the mode of ventilation was switched to PSIMV such that peak inspiratory pressures would be equivalent to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in the volume-controlled mode. Finally, again at 60, 75, and 90 min, information about the ventilator and the patient's symptoms, and arterial carbon dioxide levels were sent by arterial gas sample. The asynchronous index was also recorded in both groups.

Results:

This study showed that the mean of variables such as height, ideal body weight, tidal volume, set rate; Sense, FiO2, PEEP did not differ significantly between the two groups. The mean of asynchrony was significantly reduced in both control group (16.51 ± 3.35–14.51 ± 2.90; P < 0.001) and intervention group (18.26 ± 6.13–13.32 ± 5.53; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Regardless of the type and severity of the disease, switching the ventilation mode from volume-controlled to pressure-controlled can improve patient adaptation to the ventilator, especially in cases with frequent asynchrony.
Effect of Pioglitazone on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Morbid Obese Patients; a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sayadishahraki Masoud , Mirfendereski Sam , Kachuei Ali , Rafiee Zadeh Aryan , Mirghaderi Abbas
Published: October 2023

Background:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common obesity-related disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of pioglitazone on NAFLD in morbid obese patients.

Materials and Methods:

This is a randomized controlled trial study that was performed in 2020–2021 on 44 patients who had grade 3 NAFLD. At the beginning of the study, we collected the following data: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBS), lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the total size and volume of the liver and the left lobe of the liver. Patients in the control group were given a special diet. For patients in the treatment group, pioglitazone 15 mg tablets were administered twice daily for 4 months.

Results:

At the beginning of the study, all patients in both groups had grade 3 of NAFLD. After the treatments, 50% of the pioglitazone group had grade 1 NAFLD, and 50% of other patients had grade 2 that showed significant improvements in patients (P < 0.001). We also found significant improvements in the following items in the intervention group: liver size (P < 0.001), size of the left liver lobe (P < 0.001), FBS (P = 0.036), ALT (P = 0.011), and BMI (P < 0.001). No significant improvements were found in the control group (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

The use of pioglitazone for 4 months resulted in improvements in fatty liver stage, liver size, BMI, FBS, and lipid profile. These data show the effectiveness of pioglitazone in NAFLD.
Effect of Music During General Anesthesia on Anesthetic Consumption During Vitrectomy Surgery
Authors: Tajbakhsh Ardeshir , Salimi Sohrab , Daftarian Narsis , Abtahi Dariush
Published: October 2023

Background:

Controversy remains about the positive role of music during general anesthesia and postoperative recovery. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that intraoperative exposure to classical music reduces the propofol necessary to maintain the bispectral index (BIS) close to 50 during vitrectomy surgery.

Materials and Methods:

This double-blind clinical study is evaluating 50 patients undergoing vitrectomy surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to music and white noise groups, and relevant sounds were played to patients after induction of anesthesia. The two groups were compared for the use of propofol as an anesthetic to maintain a BIS near 50 and for postoperative pain, anxiety, nausea, and vomiting.

Results:

Propofol consumption to maintain the set BIS score was much lower in the music group than in the white noise group (78.72 ± 25.76 microgram/kg/min and 117.91 ± 36.78 microgram/kg/min, respectively, P-value = 0.000). Postoperative pain scores were also much lower in the music group than in the white noise group (P-value = 0.000) and anxiety levels between these two groups did not differ (P-value = 0.870). No patient in the music group had complaints of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) compared to six patients in the white noise group (P-value = 0.011).

Conclusions:

Listening to music during general anesthesia for vitrectomy surgery can reduce the use of anesthetics, postoperative pain, and PONV. Further, controlled studies are necessary to confirm our results.
Gene polymorphisms associated with sudden decreases in heart rate during extensive peritoneal lavage with distilled water after gastrectomy
Authors: Yao Shuang , Yuan Yan , Zhang Jun , Yu Yang , Luo Guang-Hua
Published: October 2023

Postcholecystectomy bile duct injury (BDI) remains a devastating iatrogenic complication that adversely impacts the quality of life with high healthcare costs. Despite a decrease in the incidence of laparoscopic cholecystectomy-related BDI, the absolute number remains high as cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Open Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with meticulous surgical technique remains the gold standard surgical procedure with excellent long-term results in most patients. As with many hepatobiliary disorders, a minimally invasive approach has been recently explored to minimize access-related complications and improve postoperative recovery. Since patients with gallstone disease are often admitted for a minimally invasive cholecystectomy, laparoscopic and robotic approaches for repairing postcholecystectomy biliary stricture are attractive. While recent series have shown the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive post-cholecystectomy biliary stricture management, most are retrospective analyses with small sample sizes. Also, long-term follow-up is available only in a limited number of studies. The principles and technique of minimally invasive repair resemble open repair except for the extent of adhesiolysis and the suturing technique with continuous sutures commonly used in minimally invasive approaches. The robotic approach overcomes key limitations of laparoscopic surgery and has the potential to become the preferred minimally invasive approach for the repair of postcholecystectomy biliary stricture. Despite increasing use, lack of prospective studies and selection bias with available evidence precludes definitive conclusions regarding minimally invasive surgery for managing postcholecystectomy biliary stricture. High-volume prospective studies are required to confirm the initial promising outcomes with minimally invasive surgery.
Novel prognostic score based on the preoperative total bilirubin-albumin ratio and fibrinogen-albumin ratio in ampullary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Jie , Fei He , Sun Chong-Yuan , Li Ze-Feng , Li Zheng , Guo Chun-Guang , Zhao Dong-Bing
Published: October 2023

Postcholecystectomy bile duct injury (BDI) remains a devastating iatrogenic complication that adversely impacts the quality of life with high healthcare costs. Despite a decrease in the incidence of laparoscopic cholecystectomy-related BDI, the absolute number remains high as cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Open Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with meticulous surgical technique remains the gold standard surgical procedure with excellent long-term results in most patients. As with many hepatobiliary disorders, a minimally invasive approach has been recently explored to minimize access-related complications and improve postoperative recovery. Since patients with gallstone disease are often admitted for a minimally invasive cholecystectomy, laparoscopic and robotic approaches for repairing postcholecystectomy biliary stricture are attractive. While recent series have shown the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive post-cholecystectomy biliary stricture management, most are retrospective analyses with small sample sizes. Also, long-term follow-up is available only in a limited number of studies. The principles and technique of minimally invasive repair resemble open repair except for the extent of adhesiolysis and the suturing technique with continuous sutures commonly used in minimally invasive approaches. The robotic approach overcomes key limitations of laparoscopic surgery and has the potential to become the preferred minimally invasive approach for the repair of postcholecystectomy biliary stricture. Despite increasing use, lack of prospective studies and selection bias with available evidence precludes definitive conclusions regarding minimally invasive surgery for managing postcholecystectomy biliary stricture. High-volume prospective studies are required to confirm the initial promising outcomes with minimally invasive surgery.
Systematic review of diagnostic tools for peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer-staging laparoscopy and its alternatives
Authors: Ho Si Ying Adelina , Tay Kon Voi
Published: October 2023

Postcholecystectomy bile duct injury (BDI) remains a devastating iatrogenic complication that adversely impacts the quality of life with high healthcare costs. Despite a decrease in the incidence of laparoscopic cholecystectomy-related BDI, the absolute number remains high as cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Open Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with meticulous surgical technique remains the gold standard surgical procedure with excellent long-term results in most patients. As with many hepatobiliary disorders, a minimally invasive approach has been recently explored to minimize access-related complications and improve postoperative recovery. Since patients with gallstone disease are often admitted for a minimally invasive cholecystectomy, laparoscopic and robotic approaches for repairing postcholecystectomy biliary stricture are attractive. While recent series have shown the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive post-cholecystectomy biliary stricture management, most are retrospective analyses with small sample sizes. Also, long-term follow-up is available only in a limited number of studies. The principles and technique of minimally invasive repair resemble open repair except for the extent of adhesiolysis and the suturing technique with continuous sutures commonly used in minimally invasive approaches. The robotic approach overcomes key limitations of laparoscopic surgery and has the potential to become the preferred minimally invasive approach for the repair of postcholecystectomy biliary stricture. Despite increasing use, lack of prospective studies and selection bias with available evidence precludes definitive conclusions regarding minimally invasive surgery for managing postcholecystectomy biliary stricture. High-volume prospective studies are required to confirm the initial promising outcomes with minimally invasive surgery.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia involving portal venous system: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Wu Jun-Ling , Zhao Zhi-Zhuang , Chen Jun , Zhang Han-Wen , Luan Zhe , Li Cong-Yong , Zhao Yi-Ming , Jing Yu-Jia , Wang Shu-Fang , Sun Gang
Published: October 2023

Postcholecystectomy bile duct injury (BDI) remains a devastating iatrogenic complication that adversely impacts the quality of life with high healthcare costs. Despite a decrease in the incidence of laparoscopic cholecystectomy-related BDI, the absolute number remains high as cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure. Open Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy with meticulous surgical technique remains the gold standard surgical procedure with excellent long-term results in most patients. As with many hepatobiliary disorders, a minimally invasive approach has been recently explored to minimize access-related complications and improve postoperative recovery. Since patients with gallstone disease are often admitted for a minimally invasive cholecystectomy, laparoscopic and robotic approaches for repairing postcholecystectomy biliary stricture are attractive. While recent series have shown the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive post-cholecystectomy biliary stricture management, most are retrospective analyses with small sample sizes. Also, long-term follow-up is available only in a limited number of studies. The principles and technique of minimally invasive repair resemble open repair except for the extent of adhesiolysis and the suturing technique with continuous sutures commonly used in minimally invasive approaches. The robotic approach overcomes key limitations of laparoscopic surgery and has the potential to become the preferred minimally invasive approach for the repair of postcholecystectomy biliary stricture. Despite increasing use, lack of prospective studies and selection bias with available evidence precludes definitive conclusions regarding minimally invasive surgery for managing postcholecystectomy biliary stricture. High-volume prospective studies are required to confirm the initial promising outcomes with minimally invasive surgery.
The Role of Non-Governmental Sector in Community Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Technologies and Services in North- Western Ghana
Authors: Bukari Francis Issahaku Malongza , Aabeyir Raymond , Achanso Adams Sulemana
Published: October 2023

Despite the Sustainable Development Goals which have been adopted since September 2015, researchfindings on sectoral achievements of the gaols are inadequate. This study ascertained the approaches,effectiveness, implications and challenges of the Centre for Indigenous Knowledge and OrganisationalDevelopment as a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO), in promoting access to water, sanitation andhygiene (WASH) through its water for resilience project in rural communities of the Lawra Municipalityand Nandom District of the north-western corridor of Ghana. A before-and-after study design with mixedmethods research approach was used, and theoretically dictated by the Malongza’s model. Sample sizesof 400 for ex-ante evaluation and 260 at the ex-post evaluation stages were used. It was found that theintervention improved WASH technologies and services, provided schools with vegetables, equippedwomen with livelihood opportunities and reduced diarrheal diseases, but challenged by implementationdeadlines. Joint public and private sector interventions to make WASH services sustainable in ruralcommunities were recommended.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Rainfall as an Evidence of Changing Climate over the Nigerian Niger Delta
Authors: Akinbobola Ademola , Lawal Kehinde Abayomi , Ologunorisa Temi Emmanuel
Published: October 2023

This study assesses the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall over the Niger Delta area (Benin, Calabar, Port Harcourt and Uyo) in Nigeria between 1990 and 2020. The daily rainfall data used for this study were obtained through secondary source from NASA’s POWER (Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources). Coefficient of variation, standardized anomaly index (SAI), precipitation concentration index (PCI) and seasonality index (SI) were used to evaluate rainfall variability and seasonality. The results of temporal analysis of annual rainfall indicated that Benin had the highest annual rainfall amount in 2000 and lowest in 1999 while Calabar and Port Harcourt had their highest rainfall amount in 2007 with the lowest occurring in 1991 and 2014 respectively. Uyo had the highest in 2000 and lowest in 2014. SAI also witnessed the presence of interannual variability of rainfall with negative and positive anomalies in 59.46% and 40.54% of the analyzed years, respectively. PCI and SI results implied that the Niger Delta area had strong irregular rainfall distribution. The results confirm the meteorological sensitivity to locations and provide support for the implementation of station and regional meteorological hazards prevention and to support the mitigation of hazards and improve the management practices of environment system in Niger Delta area.
Being loyal to fieldwork: on building the "contract of silence"
Authors: Butnaru Denisa
Published: October 2023

The aim of the present contribution is to analyze how relations of loyalty emerge between researcher and researched during ethnographic fieldwork and to defend a perspective against the principle of open science. I discuss methodological issues with respect to my several years of multi-sited fieldwork experience in various labs, research centers and medical institutions, during which I inquired into the design and use of exoskeletal devices. Exoskeletal devices are technologies applied to three fields of application: rehabilitation, industry and the armed forces. Their invention is the subject of high levels of economic and scientific competition. Given these constraints, I was compelled to develop "loyalty strategies", one of which I call the "contract of silence". I associate this category with an ethnographic exercise in how to address one's interlocutors during fieldwork. I conceive of this process as a result of consciously retaining the information obtained from interviewees that might endanger the position of the researcher in the field. Although a tacit contract with one's interlocutors during ethnographic fieldwork implies anonymity, certain sensitive fields and research situations require forms of auto-censorship and the control of published results. I associate these strategies with the fabrication of fieldwork secrecy.
Legal Protection and Criminal Implications of Mistreatment of Minors: Analysis Based on Child Protection Law Number 35 of 2014
Authors: Azahra Astrid Sulistya , Ulyana Yaza Azzahara , Riyansyah Ahmad
Published: October 2023

This study discusses the abuse of minors and the legal implications and protections afforded to victims. Child maltreatment is an act of violence involving minors under the age prescribed by law, including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. The Child Protection Law regulates cases of child abuse and provides a strong legal basis for protecting children's rights. The criminal implications of child maltreatment include various legal consequences imposed on perpetrators, such as imprisonment and fines. The main purpose of these criminal implications is to ensure justice for victims, prevent the repetition of similar crimes, and give an unequivocal message that child maltreatment is unacceptable. Protection of victims of child abuse covers a wide range of aspects, including victims' rights to feel safe, privacy, physical and psychological recovery, uninterrupted education, justice in due process, fair compensation, and effective protection from authorities. Parents also have an important role in providing protection to children who are victims. Cooperation from various parties, including the state, government, community, and family, as well as the implementation of strong laws, are expected to prevent cases of abuse of minors, ensure the protection and recovery of victims, and realize justice.
Knowledge and attitudes of pharmacy students towards artificial intelligence and the ChatGPT
Authors: Iwasawa Makiko , Kobayashi Masahiro , Otori Katsuya
Published: October 2023

Background: This study examined pharmacy students' knowledge and attitudes to artificial intelligence (AI) and ChatGPT.    
Methods: A survey was conducted with 258 fourth-year pharmacy students at Kitasato University, Japan, assessing their AI knowledge, ChatGPT impressions, and literacy regarding its appropriate use. Data were analysed descriptively, and participants were divided into two groups based on ChatGPT awareness for further analysis.    
Results: A  total of 113 students (43.7%) participated, with 19.5% having prior ChatGPT experience, 4.4% were unaware, and 42.5% could describe it. General AI terms like "machine learning" were more familiar (83.2%) than specific ones like "natural language processing" (2.6%). Positive impressions of ChatGPT included 65.5% finding it efficient and 50.4% mentioning enhanced comprehension. However, only 3.5% correctly identified all inappropriate purposes, and 24.8% selected all precautions for its use. The 48 participants (42.5%) who described ChatGPT and had higher AI knowledge showed more correct answers than the other group (65 participants, 57.5%).    
Conclusion: Students with AI knowledge and the ability to describe ChatGPT demonstrated a better understanding of its appropriate usage. Educating students on AI fundamentals helps them utilise AI tools like ChatGPT effectively. This study offers valuable insights on ChatGPT among pharmacy students, with implications for responsible AI usage and education.
CAMINHANDO AO MINDSET PROMISSOR
Authors: Sotero Isabel da Silva , Sousa Carlos André Monteiro de , Leite Jaqueline Conceição , Rodrigues Katia Silene Macedo de Medeiros , Júnior Tácito Augusto Farias
Published: October 2023

O presente artigo busca analisar os pontos que compõem o desenvolvimento de um mindset promissor, discorrendo sobre os impactos para uma vida saudável paralelamente a gerir de maneira estratégia uma organização, onde os indivíduos são cuidados e desenvolvidos tanto no âmbito pessoal quanto profissional, tudo considerando as relações negociais da sociedade de pessoas e empresas. Para compreender o desenvolvimento dessa realidade no ambiente proposto, com o intuito de obter informações que sustentem a questão de estudo, o trabalho utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa de natureza bibliográfica e exploratória, onde é possível identificar o posicionamento de vários autores sobre a necessidade da construção de informações relevantes que permitam ao gestor conduzir a organização com certeza de suas atitudes. Como resultado esta pesquisa identifica que tratando-se do âmbito corporativo as empresas que priorizam a virada de chave do mindset em toda sua cadeia produtiva e de serviços, estando atentas para a vida dos seus funcionários no âmbito pessoal e profissional, são aquelas que têm os melhores índices de desenvolvimento e visivelmente fazem a diferença no mercado. No âmbito pessoal o indivíduo necessita manter uma vida equilibrada, organizando a mente o suficiente para desenvolver todas as habilidades de vivência humana promissora.
Employees perception of corporate social responsibility practices in Namibia: Evidence from Namibia Breweries Limited Company
Authors: Erastus Shokondjiva , Chekole Tekle Kiflu , Juan Wang
Published: October 2023

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of the most prominent concepts in the literature and in short, indicates the positive impacts of business on their stakeholders. Despite the growing body of literature on this concept, the measure of CSR is still problematic. Although the literature provides several methods for measuring corporate social activities, almost all of them have some limitations. The study investigates the employees’ perception of CSR practices in Namibia the context of the Brewery industry in Namibia. Using survey information collected from 150 Namibian Brewery company employees’ professionals, this descriptive analysis study proposed that the employees are satisfied with the CSR practices in general. Further, the study observes a positive relationship between perceived CSR and its 4 domains in the study. The uniqueness of this study lies on its framework based on the perception of employees. The recommendations and future research are formulated.