bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved recognition of lung function decline as signal of cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation: a Cystic Fibrosis Learning Network Innovation Laboratory quality improvement initiative
Authors: List Rhonda , Solomon George , Bichl Stacy , Horton Bethany Jablonski , Shen Shiyi , Corcoran Bean , Sadeghi Hossein , Britto Maria T , Ren Clement , Albon Dana
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a systemic autosomal recessive condition characterised by progressive lung disease. CF pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) are episodes of worsening respiratory status, and frequent PEx are a risk factor for accelerated lung function decline, yet many people with CF (PwCF) go untreated at the time of decline. The goal of this quality improvement (QI) initiative was to improve recognition, treatment and follow-up of PEx in PwCF.

Methods

Using the Model for Improvement, the Cystic Fibrosis Learning Network (CFLN) initiated a QI innovation laboratory (iLab) with a global aim to decrease the rate of lung function decline in PwCF. The iLab standardised definitions for signals of PEx using a threshold for decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and/or changes in symptoms. The FEV1decline signal was termed FIES (FEV1-indicated exacerbation signal). Processes for screening and recognition of FIES and/or symptom changes, a treatment algorithm and follow-up in the presence of a signal were tested concurrently in multiple settings.

Specific aims

The specific aim is to increase the per cent of PwCF assessed for a PEx signal at ambulatory encounters and to increase the per cent of recommendations to follow-up within 6 weeks for PwCF experiencing a PEx signal.

Results

FIES recognition increased from 18.6% to 73.4% across all teams during the iLab, and every team showed an improvement. Of PwCF assessed, 15.8% experienced an FIES event (>10% decline in FEV1per cent predicted (FEV1pp)). Follow-up within 6 weeks was recommended for an average of 70.5% of those assessed for FIES and had an FEV1pp decline greater than 5%.

Conclusion

The CFLN iLab successfully defined and implemented a process to recognise and follow-up PEx signals. This process has the potential to be spread to the larger CF community. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of these processes on PwCF outcomes.
Malware Detection with Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Gaber Matthew G. , Ahmed Mohiuddin , Janicke Helge
Published: December 2023

In this survey, we review the key developments in the field of malware detection using AI and analyze core challenges. We systematically survey state-of-the-art methods across five critical aspects of building an accurate and robust AI-powered malware-detection model: malware sophistication, analysis techniques, malware repositories, feature selection, and machine learning vs. deep learning. The effectiveness of an AI model is dependent on the quality of the features it is trained with. In turn, the quality and authenticity of these features is dependent on the quality of the dataset and the suitability of the analysis tool. Static analysis is fast but is limited by the widespread use of obfuscation. Dynamic analysis is not impacted by obfuscation but is defeated by ubiquitous anti-analysis techniques and requires more computational power. Sophisticated and evasive malware is challenging to extract authentic discriminatory features from and, combined with poor quality datasets, this can lead to a situation where a model achieves high accuracy with only one specific dataset.
Study on the Dynamic Properties of Concrete under Freeze-Thaw Cycles and CT Fine View Damage
Authors: Wang Liangting , Zheng Zhishan , Xiahou Zheng , Chao Xijian , Xia Ming
Published: December 2023

In order to study the dynamic mechanical properties of concrete under freeze-thaw cycles, uniaxial impact compression tests were conducted on concrete specimens with different number of freeze-thaw cycles (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100) using a 50 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test device at an impact air pressure of 0.4 MPa and combined with a CT scanning system to analyze the internal fissures of concrete specimens before and after freeze-thaw cycles. The results showed the following. (1) The concrete specimens were divided into linear elastic stage, plastic stage, and damage stage under the freeze-thaw cycle, and the macroscopic mechanical parameters of the specimens were weakened with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles. (2) Freeze-thaw intensified the expansion and penetration of the internal fracture of the specimens, and the CT scan results showed that the internal fracture parameters of the concrete specimens were increased with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, and the structural characteristics of the internal fracture show gradually complex expansion and evolution characteristics. (3) The degree of damage was defined at the fine level, which increased with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, establishing an intrinsic link between the fine deterioration of concrete specimens and the loss of macroscopic parameters under freeze-thaw cycles. The results are of great significance to further elucidate the internal structural characteristics of concrete material damage under freeze-thaw conditions and to reveal the damage deterioration mechanism.
Double-Periodic Soliton Solutions of the (2+1)-Dimensional Ito Equation
Authors: Zhu Wen-Hui , Liu Jian-Guo , Arefin Mohammad Asif , Uddin M. Hafiz , Wu Ya-Kui
Published: December 2023

In this work, a (2 + 1)-dimensional Ito equation is investigated, which represents the generalization of the bilinear KdV equation. Abundant double-periodic soliton solutions to the (2 + 1)-dimensional Ito equation are presented by the Hirota bilinear form and a mixture of exponentials and trigonometric functions. The dynamic properties are described through some 3D graphics and contour graphics.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Discovery of KRB-456, a KRAS G12D Switch-I/II Allosteric Pocket Binder That Inhibits the Growth of Pancreatic Cancer Patient-derived Tumors
Authors: Kazi Aslamuzzaman , Ranjan Alok , Kumar M.V. Vasantha , Agianian Bogos , Garcia Chavez Martin , Vudatha Vignesh , Wang Rui , Vangipurapu Rajanikanth , Chen Liwei , Kennedy Perry , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Quirke Jonathan C.K. , Beato Francisca , Underwood Patrick W. , Fleming Jason B. , Trevino Jose , Hergenrother Paul J. , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Sebti Said M.
Published: December 2023

Supplemental Figure Legends
Figure S8 from Discovery of KRB-456, a KRAS G12D Switch-I/II Allosteric Pocket Binder That Inhibits the Growth of Pancreatic Cancer Patient-derived Tumors
Authors: Kazi Aslamuzzaman , Ranjan Alok , Kumar M.V. Vasantha , Agianian Bogos , Garcia Chavez Martin , Vudatha Vignesh , Wang Rui , Vangipurapu Rajanikanth , Chen Liwei , Kennedy Perry , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Quirke Jonathan C.K. , Beato Francisca , Underwood Patrick W. , Fleming Jason B. , Trevino Jose , Hergenrother Paul J. , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Sebti Said M.
Published: December 2023

KRB-456 inhibits the growth in vivo of orthotopic mt KRAS tumors derived from pancreatic cancer patients.
Figure S7 from Discovery of KRB-456, a KRAS G12D Switch-I/II Allosteric Pocket Binder That Inhibits the Growth of Pancreatic Cancer Patient-derived Tumors
Authors: Kazi Aslamuzzaman , Ranjan Alok , Kumar M.V. Vasantha , Agianian Bogos , Garcia Chavez Martin , Vudatha Vignesh , Wang Rui , Vangipurapu Rajanikanth , Chen Liwei , Kennedy Perry , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Quirke Jonathan C.K. , Beato Francisca , Underwood Patrick W. , Fleming Jason B. , Trevino Jose , Hergenrother Paul J. , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Sebti Said M.
Published: December 2023

Effects of KRB-456 on P-MEK and P-ERK levels in human pancreatic cancer Panc0203 and Panc1 cells.
FIGURE 4 from Discovery of KRB-456, a KRAS G12D Switch-I/II Allosteric Pocket Binder That Inhibits the Growth of Pancreatic Cancer Patient-derived Tumors
Authors: Kazi Aslamuzzaman , Ranjan Alok , Kumar M.V. Vasantha , Agianian Bogos , Garcia Chavez Martin , Vudatha Vignesh , Wang Rui , Vangipurapu Rajanikanth , Chen Liwei , Kennedy Perry , Subramanian Karthikeyan , Quirke Jonathan C.K. , Beato Francisca , Underwood Patrick W. , Fleming Jason B. , Trevino Jose , Hergenrother Paul J. , Gavathiotis Evripidis , Sebti Said M.
Published: December 2023

KRB-456 binds to KRAS G12DGDP at a switch-I/II allosteric site. A, Measured CSPs of 15N-labeled KRAS G12DGDP upon KRB-456 titration up to a ratio of 1:4 KRAS G12DGDP: KRB-456 are plotted as a function of KRAS residue number. Residues with chemical shift ranges over the significance threshold or 1.5 times the threshold are colored pink and magenta, respectively. Residues associated with the P-loop, the switch-I and switch-II structural motifs are indicated with yellow, blue and cyan shading, respectively. Data are representative of three independent experiments. B, Ribbon representation of KRAS G12DGCP structure (gray; PDB: 4DST) indicating the key structural motifs and mapping of residues undergoing significant CSP onto the ribbon and surface representation of KRAS G12D, as in A, in pink and magenta. Residues with significant and the highest CSP concentrate into a groove (dotted circle line) that is formed in the switch-I/II helix region and termed allosteric site. C, Close-up view of the allosteric binding site and bound docked structure of KRB-456 (yellow). Potential hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts between KRB-456 and KRAS G12D residues are illustrated. D, RMSD analysis during the MD simulation of the KRAS G12D–KRB-456 complex shown in C, indicating small and low amplitude RMSD values for KRB-456. E, KRAS G12D–KRB-456 interaction maps from 20, 40, 60, and 80 ns snapshots during the MD simulation showing a multitude of direct and water-mediated hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts between KRB-456 and allosteric pocket residues.
The Military Role of the Bedouin Woman in the Arabian Peninsula (al-ʿUṭafa & al-ʿAmmāriyya as an Example) in the 19th and the First Half of the 20th Centuries
Authors: Alshamarri Khalif ibn Sqeer
Published: December 2023

The paper studies one of the important roles in the military history of women in the Arabian Peninsula during the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. Attention is given to the linguistic and historical analysis of al-ʿuṭafa and al-ʿammāriyya and the distinction between them and the conditions that need to be satisfied by the young woman rider chosen to be an ʿuṭafa or an ʿammāriyya. The names of some of those women who participated in tribal wars, attacks, and major battles are given as well as their tribal affiliations within the ranks of the armies of the states and amirates of the Arabian Peninsula. Mention is made of her tasks and the duties assigned to her and her fate on the field of battle and the different historical stages of this phenomenon and its subsequent disappearance among the tribes are also considered.
The Weather–Climate Schism
Authors: Randall David A. , Emanuel Kerry
Published: December 2023

The atmospheric science community includes both weather and climate scientists. These two groups interact much less than they should, particularly in the United States. The schism is widespread and has persisted for 50 years or more. It is found in academic departments, laboratories, professional societies, and even funding agencies. Mending the schism would promote better, faster science. We sketch the history of the schism and suggest ways to make our community whole.
Systematic Review of Explicit Instruments Measuring Nature Connectedness: What Do We Know and What is Next?
Authors: Tiscareno-Osorno Ximena , Demetriou Yolanda , Marques Adilson , Peralta Miguel , Jorge Rafael , MacIntyre Tadhg E. , MacIntyre Deirdre , Smith Stephen , Sheffield David , Jones Marc V. , Beckmann Jürgen , Schönbach Dorothea M. I.
Published: December 2023

This systematic review assesses the methodological quality of manuscripts focusing on scales that explicitly measure nature connectedness. A literature search in six electronic databases was conducted using a search strategy based on PICO guidelines. Only peer-reviewed primary research available in English language, published between 2000 and 2021, meeting the scope of this review were included. Data from 35 studies were narratively analyzed. Their methodological quality was assessed using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. Only five studies were rated as high/adequate quality. Based on the findings we make the following recommendations: (a) the need for the development of a more universal nature connectedness construct, (b) the requirement to increase the methodological quality of the scales, (c) the need to identify which the scales measure trait or state, (d) the need to increase the validate scales cross-culturally, and (e) the need to develop scales that can be employed with non-adult samples.
Resolving Teesta River Conflicts: Harnessing Institutional Solutions for Cross-Border Water Cooperation
Authors: Gupta Kajol
Published: December 2023

This research delves into the enduring Teesta River water-sharing dispute between India and Bangladesh, highlighting the pivotal role of institutions, with insights gleaned from international experiences. It comprehensively reviews the historical evolution, notably the Farakka Barrage and key treaties in 1977 and 1996, illuminating the dispute’s deep-rooted origins. The study investigates the unresolved Teesta River conflict, rooted in pre-partition concerns and divergent water allocation demands. By analysing decades of negotiations and the involvement of joint commissions and technical groups, it contributes vital insights into effective conflict resolution mechanisms within shared river systems, offering significant understanding of India–Bangladesh relations.
Street Vendors Using Smartphones for Digital Payments: A Qualitative Study of Digital Opportunities and Inequalities From Kashmir Region in India
Authors: Mir Ikhlaq Ul Rehman , Wani M. Ibrahim
Published: December 2023

There are around 4.9 million street vendors in India, a large part of the country’s informal sector workforce. Linked to India’s focus on digital economy and promotion of digital transactions, there is growing popularity of mobile payment (m-payment) applications or m-wallets such as PhonePe, Google Pay, Paytm, Bhim, and so on. This is also the case with street vendors, and the sight of a street vendor with a QR barcode for accepting payments is not uncommon. How do street vendors make sense of smartphone-based transactions in their lives? In qualitative interviews with street vendors in Srinagar city in Kashmir region in India, a complex picture emerged. Street vendors were mostly illiterate or had limited education, but were quickly adopting m-payments. For online transactions, QR barcode stickers were mostly displayed on carts of street vendors in Kashmir. However, at the same time, vendors had little or no understanding of these m-payment apps. They had limited language skills and had to take help of literate friends or family members to check transactions or to get over difficulties in operation. The use of these m-payment apps or m-wallet smartphone applications introduced new opportunities associated with digital payments. However, gaps in digital skills are pronounced, and remained a major challenge for the street vendors. During the course of fieldwork in Srinagar (2022–2023), we also observed that m-payment companies introduced technological solutions such as speaker-based instant audio confirmations for payments such as Paytm Soundbox and PhonePe Smartspeaker. This is indicative of the continuous tracking of the informal sector usage by such companies, and clearly they are aware and receptive of such gaps. However, market-linked technological solutions only address operational gaps, and do not address the underlying causes, including illiteracy, and knowledge or skill gaps. Such observations can be helpful in planning and implementation of government policies for street vendors in India.
Educating Ears: The Role of Sound in Music Learning
Authors: Buonviri Nathan O.
Published: December 2023

School curricula in the United States tend to focus on students’ visual sense, making the teaching and learning of aural art a unique and challenging endeavor. In this philosophical inquiry with practical applications, I propose that the music curriculum be reevaluated with an ear toward the quality of sounds students hear daily as a foundation for heightened aural attention. Perhaps some music classes could more aptly be conceived as sound exploration classes, making school music opportunities accessible to more students and likely inspiring lifelong engagement with aural art. Music teachers will tend to offer a “sound” approach in their classrooms only to the extent that they themselves have had ample opportunities to explore their own aural interface with the world.
Using Technology to Expand Communities of Practice and Support Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy in Music Education
Authors: Kim Rachel Jung-Hoo
Published: December 2023

Technology can help expand communities of practice in music education and promote a democratic schooling process vital to culturally sustaining pedagogy. Through careful and effective implementation, technology helps connect students to relevant musical communities and supports educators in achieving student-centered thinking and practices. The increased use of technology during the pandemic created a unique opportunity for music educators to reflect on both the educational benefits and challenges of implementing technological resources in the music classroom. From smaller activities to large-scale projects, there are strong implications for how technology can play a role in transformative music education.
Anarchist Prisoner Networks in Franco’s Spain and the Forging of the New Left in Europe
Authors: Thorne Jessica
Published: December 2023

This article explores the little-known but formative networks developing across the 1960s between anarchist political prisoners in Franco's Spain and emerging activists of the European New Left. As social change accelerated, these prisoners broke with the out-of-touch anarchist leadership-in-exile to connect with a new generation of activists inside and outside Spain. The article uses prisoner correspondence and prisoner-aid bulletins to reconstruct these informational networks, and argues they were an important element in the ‘global rupture of 1968’. It posits that anarchist prisoners’ input was a formative influence on how New Left activists came to see post-war Europe as a whole: both looked beneath Francoism's consumerist surface (habitually foregrounded in discussions of it as a Western client regime), to its reconfigured repressive core. The article discusses key discursive shifts by the anarchist prisoners as they sought international support in a new era of decolonization, ‘national liberation’ and the ramping up of the Cold War. In a landscape shaped by Castro's success in Cuba, war in Algeria and the birth of ETA inside Spain, anarchist prisoners and New Left activists alike defined Franco's political prisoners as victims not only of a national dictatorship but also of the Western Cold-War order.
Screen Time and Socioemotional and Behavioural Difficulties Among Indigenous Children in Canada: Temps d'écran et difficultés socio-émotionnelles et comportementales chez les enfants autochtones du Canada
Authors: Owais Sawayra , Ospina Maria B. , Ford Camron , Hill Troy , Savoy Calan D. , Van Lieshout Ryan
Published: December 2023

Objectives

To describe screen time levels and determine their association with socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among preschool-aged First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children.

Method

Data were taken from the Aboriginal Children's Survey, a nationally representative survey of 2–5-year-old Indigenous children in Canada. Socioemotional and behavioural difficulties were defined using parent/guardian reports on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted separately for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit participants, and statistically adjusted for child age, child sex, and parent/guardian education. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.002 to adjust for multiple comparisons.

Results

Of these 2–5-year-old children ( mean [ M] = 3.57 years) 3,085 were First Nations (53.5%), 2,430 Métis (39.2%), and 990 Inuit (7.3%). Screen time exposure was high among First Nations ( M = 2 h and 58 min/day, standard deviation [ SD] = 1.89), Métis ( M = 2 h and 50 min [ SD = 1.83]), and Inuit children ( M = 3 h and 25 min [ SD = 2.20]), with 79.7% exceeding recommended guidelines (>1 h/day). After adjusting for confounders, screen time was associated with more socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among First Nations (total difficulties β = 0.15 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.19]) and Métis ( β = 0.16 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.20]) but not Inuit children ( β = 0.12 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.23]).

Conclusions

Screen time exposure is high among Indigenous children in Canada, and is associated with more socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among First Nations and Métis children. Contributing factors could include enduring colonialism that resulted in family dissolution, lack of positive parental role models, and disproportionate socioeconomic disadvantage. Predictors of poor well-being should continue to be identified to develop targets for intervention to optimize the health and development of Indigenous children.
A design method for multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission considering mode continuity
Authors: Li Xueliang , Kang Xinyu , Wu Zhihang , Peng Zengxiong , Yang Shujun
Published: December 2023

Compared with single-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission, multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission can achieve high power, wide speed range, and high efficiency, which is the most suitable hybrid electric transmission scheme for heavy vehicles. Mode switching quality is the key factor restricting the application of multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission. Therefore, a design method for multi-mode power-split hybrid electric transmission which can ensure mode switching without speed difference is proposed. Firstly, based on the lever analogy method and analysis on characteristics of mechanical points, three conditions of mode continuity and methods to satisfy these conditions on function level are obtained. Then the design method can be divided into three steps: (1) design the function model of each mode scheme to achieve the conditions of mode continuity; (2) design the configuration of each mode scheme according to the function model and comprehensive consideration of mode continuity, structural simplification and operation logic, and combine the configuration of each mode into an integral scheme by arranging clutches/brakes; (3) inversely convert the lever model in the configuration scheme to planetary gear set to obtain specific transmission scheme. Finally, to demonstrate the feasibility of the design method, one of the design results is taken as an example to carry out mechanical structure design, kinematics and power flow analysis.
From a handful of activists towards an organising subculture: institutionalisation of transnational union organising in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Kall Kairit
Published: December 2023

In this article the question of how transnational organising has become institutionalised in some trade unions in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is examined by studying three prominent organising initiatives in the region. It is argued that international union networks, facilitated by European integration, and the meagre resources of unions in the region have affected the development of organising with a transnational dimension. Originally initiated by a few activists, by the early 2020s organising has shown some promising results and has become an accepted strategy for strengthening unions. But local unions still lack sufficient resources of their own to organise properly. This has encouraged the institutionalisation of transnational organising. Although this has provided CEE unions with more resources, it also gives rise to problems of its own, notably the need for CEE unions to adjust their operations in accordance with the funding process and funders’ preferences.
How effective are user-generated travel short videos in promoting a destination online?
Authors: Bai Wenxi (Bella) , Lee Timothy J. , Wu Fan , Wong Jose Weng Chou
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the effects of “user-generated travel short videos” (UGTSV; visual effect, musical effect, culture and activity effect, pop effect) on familiarity and involvement with destinations, in relation to any further intention to visit a destination. Drawing on stimulus organism response theory, this research used an online survey design to evaluate tourists’ perception of three targeted travel short videos. The data from 646 respondents were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis. The results demonstrate that, except for the musical effect, all other short video effects significantly affect the level of familiarity, as well as behavioral involvement with a UGTSV destination. In addition, both tourist familiarity and behavioral involvement significantly affect their visit intentions. These findings enrich our understanding of UGTSV-induced tourism and help destination managers to develop marketing strategies utilizing short videos to attract potential tourists.
Scene construction ability in neurotypical and autistic adults
Authors: Smith Marchella , Cameron Lindsey , Ferguson Heather J
Published: December 2023

People with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have difficulties mentally simulating events, perhaps due to a difficulty mentally generating and maintaining a coherent spatial scene – that is, ‘scene construction’. The current study compared scene construction ability between autistic adults ( N = 55) and age-, gender- and Intelligence Quotient-matched neurotypical adults ( N = 63), using a task in which participants were asked to vividly imagine and describe fictitious scenes. Results showed that scene construction was diminished in autistic compared to neurotypical participants and was negatively associated with autistic traits. ASC diagnosis did not influence the frequency of self-reference or sensory experiences, which followed the same pattern in both groups: sight was referenced more than sound, sound was referenced more than both touch and smell, which were both referenced more than taste. Exploratory analysis of some of the cognitive predictors revealed that scene construction ability was associated with individual differences in Theory of Mind and alexithymia.

Lay Abstract

People with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have difficulties imagining events, which might result from difficulty mentally generating and maintaining a coherent spatial scene. This study compared this scene construction ability between autistic ( N = 55) and neurotypical ( N = 63) adults. Results showed that scene construction was diminished in autistic compared to neurotypical participants, and participants with fewer autistic traits had better scene construction ability. ASC diagnosis did not influence the frequency of mentions of the self or of sensory experiences. Exploratory analysis suggests that scene construction ability is associated with the ability to understand our own and other people’s mental states, and that these individual-level preferences/cognitive styles can overrule typical group-level characteristics.
An efficient numerical simulation of chaos dynamical behaviors for fractional-order Rössler chaotic systems with Caputo fractional derivative
Authors: Wang Ji-Lei , Wang Yu-Lan , Li Xiao-Yu
Published: December 2023

This paper introduces a numerical approach for the fractional-order Rössler chaotic systems and gives error analysis. The effectiveness of the present method is determined by comparing the numerical results of the high-precision difference scheme and predictor-correctors scheme. Some complex dynamical behaviors for the fractional-order Rössler chaotic systems are shown.
War, Tool, Race or Building? A comparison of vaccine metaphors between (translated) media and scientific reports in the age of COVID-19
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Li Dechao
Published: December 2023

News reportage is one of the major means of scientific communication to the public, but science information can be misrepresented in news. In this study, we used a corpus-assisted discourse analysis approach to examine the use of COVID-19 vaccine metaphors across news, translated news and scientific articles and how metaphorical frames may have differed based on genre and translation. Results reveal that there are shared (HUMAN, RACE and WAR) and unique (BUILDING, PASSPORT and TOOL) source domains between news articles (original and translated) and scientific reports. Interestingly, the study reveals that translation plays a role in the discursive construction of news values, such as Proximity and Negativity, which engenders frame shifts in news production for different target readers. The study concludes by advocating the use of a BUILDING metaphor to map COVID-19 vaccine/vaccination for the benefits of health communication. It has further revealed the complicated nature of scientific communication through (translated) news and calls attention to the political intention of news translation.
“The microcatheter contrast injection technique”: A novel technique to detect the proximal end of a thrombus in mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Iida Yu , Mori Kentaro , Kawahara Yosuke , Fukui Issei , Yamashita Ryotaro , Takeda Mutsuki , Nakano Tatsu , Hori Satoshi , Suenaga Jun , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Nomura Motohiro , Yamamoto Tetsuya
Published: December 2023

Background: An aspiration catheter needs to attach to a thrombus in order to achieve first-pass recanalization by mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), particularly that using a direct aspiration first pass technique. The meniscus sign, which is defined as meniscoid contrast opacification indicating the proximal edge of a thrombus, has been suggested to contribute to successful recanalization. In some cases, the meniscus sign is not detected following an injection of contrast medium through a guiding catheter. To precisely identify the location of a thrombus, we use “the microcatheter contrast injection (MCI) technique,” which accurately shows the proximal edge of a thrombus. We herein introduce this novel technique and discuss its efficacy in MT. Methods: In cases without the meniscus sign, a microcatheter was advanced to the distal end of contrast opacification, and contrast medium was injected through the microcatheter to detect the meniscus sign. An aspiration catheter was then advanced to the thrombus indicated by the meniscus sign and slowly withdrawn under aspiration. Results: 29 patients underwent MT for AIS using the MCI technique. Even in cases without the meniscus sign on initial angiography, the MCI technique accurately revealed the proximal edge of the thrombus. Moreover, middle cerebral artery occlusion due to atherosclerotic stenosis and displacement of the aspiration catheter and thrombus axis were detected using this technique. Conclusions: The MCI technique may effectively reveal the exact site of a thrombus and increase the success rate of first-pass recanalization.
Examining the impact of the urban transportation system on tangible and intangible vitality at the city-block scale in Nanjing, China
Authors: Yang Liu , Wu Mingbo , Chen Yishan , Wu Chenyang
Published: December 2023

Cities’ transportation systems have substantial impacts on urban vitality. Given the increasing availability of data on residents’ activities, cities’ tangible/intangible vitality can be analyzed more accurately. This study examined the associations of tangible and intangible vitality with transportation system features, specifically exploring various transportation modes’ accessibility, features related to block forms, and border vacuums at a block scale across different urban areas. Nanjing, China, was analyzed as a case study. Our findings reveal a declining gradient of urban vitality from the Old Town to the Main City and the New Area. Consequently, we suggest prioritizing efforts to enhance urban vitality in the New Area, particularly in its low-vitality blocks. Strategies for improvement include increasing public transportation accessibility and road density, which can positively influence the overall vitality of the entire city. Improving active travel accessibility has a positive impact on tangible vitality, while enhancing automobile accessibility potentially contributes to intangible vitality. Negative border effects of large transportation projects on tangible vitality should be mitigated. Interestingly, we found that intersection density has opposite effects on tangible and intangible vitality. These insights offer valuable guidance for urban planners aiming to enhance vitality levels across an entire city or within specific areas.
Pediatric transplant–associated thrombotic microangiopathy health care utilization and implications of eculizumab therapy
Authors: Schoettler Michelle L. , Lehmann Leslie , Kao Pei-Chi , Chen Nan , Jodele Sonata , Chonat Satheesh , Williams Kirsten M. , London Wendy B. , Duncan Christine , Dandoy Christopher
Published: December 2023

The health care use (HCU) burden of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) and its treatments are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate inpatient costs associated with meeting criteria for TA-TMA in the first year after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). This institutional review board–approved retrospective multicenter study included serial children who underwent HCT from 1 January 2015 to 1 July 2019. A standardized unit cost (adjusted for geographic location, differences in cost of living, and inflation) for inpatient hospitalization was extracted from the Pediatric Health Information System data and linked to clinical data. Both total cost and cost per day from 15 days before stem cell infusion to 1-year after HCT were calculated. Among allogeneic (allo) transplant recipients, after adjusting for severe grade 3/4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infections, and HLA mismatch, costs were not different in TA-TMA (n = 137) vs no TA-TMA (n = 238). Severe GVHD was significantly associated with increased costs. Among allo high-risk (HR) TMA-TMA, unadjusted costs were significantly higher in the eculizumab-treated cohort (n = 19) than in the supportive care group (n = 36). However, after adjusting for gastrointestinal bleeding that occurred disproportionately in the eculizumab (n = 6) vs supportive care (n = 0) cohort, eculizumab treatment was not associated with increased total costs. More studies are needed to determine the etiology of increased HCU costs in those with HR-TA-TMA and predict those more likely to benefit from eculizumab, reducing HCU and improving outcomes.
Influence of maxillary molar distalization with clear aligners on three-dimensional direction: molar distal movement, intrusion, distal tip and crown buccal torque
Authors: Miao Zeyao , Zhang Haijuan , Yang Yuxuan , Han Yandong , Leng Jing , Wang Shuang
Published: December 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the distal movement, vertical movement, distal tipping and crown buccal torque of maxillary molars after the completion of distalization by comparing the predicted movement with the achieved movement using palatal rugae registration.

Methods

The study included 22 clear aligner patients (7 males and 15 females), and 79 molars were measured. Two digital models were generated before treatment and after molar distalization and were superimposed after selecting the palatal rugae area for registration in GOM inspect suite software 2022 (GOM; Braunschweig, Germany). The predicted and achieved movements of molar distalization, intrusion, distal tip and crown buccal torque were measured and compared.

Result

The achieved distalization (1.25 ± 0.79 mm vs. 2.17 ± 1.03 mm, P < 0.001; 1.41 ± 1.00 mm vs. 2.66 ± 1.15 mm, P < 0.001), intrusion (0.47 ± 0.41 mm vs. 0.18 ± 0.54 mm, P < 0.01; 0.58 ± 0.65 mm vs. 0.10 ± 1.12 mm, P < 0.01), distal tip (5.30 ± 4.56° vs. 1.53 ± 2.55°, P < 0.001; 4.87 ± 4.50° vs. − 1.95 ± 4.32°, P < 0.001) and crown buccal torque (1.95 ± 4.18° vs. − 1.15 ± 4.75°, P < 0.001; 0.43 ± 4.39° vs. − 4.27 ± 6.42°, P < 0.001) were significantly different from the predicted values in the two groups (first molar, second molar). Significant regression relationships were found between the achieved distal movement and deviational intrusion (R2 = 0.203, P < 0.0001), distal tip (R2 = 0.133, P < 0.001) and crown buccal torque (R2 = 0.067, P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the deviational movements of intrusion and the distal tip (R = 0.555, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Approximately 2 mm maxillary molar distalization was achieved in this study. Deviational movement of intrusion, distal tip and crown buccal torque beyond the clear aligner virtual design appeared to a certain degree after distalization. Thus, more attention should be given to molar intrusion and distal tip and crown buccal torque as the designed distalization increases.
Temporary and highly variable recovery of neuromuscular dysfunction by electrical stimulation in the follow-up of acute critical illness neuromyopathy: a pilot study
Authors: Sekhniashvili Madona , Baum Petra , Toyka Klaus V.
Published: December 2023

Background

In sepsis-associated critical illness neuromyopathy (CIPNM) serial electrical stimulation of motor nerves induces a short-lived temporary recovery of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) termed facilitation phenomenon (FP). This technique is different from other stimulation techniques published. The identification of FP suggests a major functional component in acute CIPNM.

Methods

From our previous study cohort of 18 intensive care unit patients with sepsis associated CIPNM showing profound muscle weakness and low or missing CMAPs on nerve conduction studies, six patients with different severity could be followed. In a pilot sub-study we analyzed the variability of FP during follow up. Over up to 6 weeks we performed 2–6 nerve conduction studies with our novel stimulation paradigm. Motor nerves were stimulated at 0.2–0.5 Hz with 60–100 mA at 0.2–0.5 ms duration, and CMAP responses were recorded. Standard motor nerve conduction velocities (NCV) could be done when utilizing facilitated CMAPs. Needle electromyography was checked once for spontaneous activity to discover potential denervation and muscle fiber degeneration. Serum electrolytes were checked before any examination and corrected if abnormal.

Results

In all six patients a striking variability in the magnitude and pattern of FP could be observed at each examination in the same and in different motor nerves over time. With the first stimulus most CMAPs were below 0.1 mV or absent. With slow serial pulses CMAPs could gradually recover with normal shape and near normal amplitudes. With facilitated CMAPs NCV measurements revealed low normal values. With improvement of muscle weakness subsequent tests revealed larger first CMAP amplitudes and smaller magnitudes of FP. Needle EMG showed occasional spontaneous activity in the tibialis anterior muscle.

Conclusion

In this pilot study striking variability and magnitude of FP during follow-up was a reproducible feature indicating major fluctuations of neuromuscular excitability that may improve during follow-up. FP can be assessed by generally available electrophysiological techniques, even before patients could be tested for muscle strength. Large scale prospective studies of the facilitation phenomenon in CIPNM with or without sepsis are needed to define diagnostic specificity and to better understand the still enigmatic pathophysiology.

Trial registration: This trial was registered at the Leipzig University Medical Center in 2021 after approval by the Ethics Committee.
Once-weekly Insulin Icodec Versus Once-daily Long-acting Insulin for Type II Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Abuelazm Mohamed , Ibrahim Ahmed A , Khlidj Yehya , Badr Amr , Amin Ahmed Mazen , Elzeftawy Mohamad A , Gowaily Ibrahim , Elsaeidy Ahmed Saad , Abdelazeem Basel
Published: December 2023

Background

Insulin icodec is a novel basal insulin analog with once-weekly subcutaneous administration. We aim to estimate the efficacy and safety of insulin icodec vs long-acting insulin (insulin glargine and degludec) in type II diabetic patients.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which were retrieved by systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane through May 29, 2023. We used RevMan V. 5.4 to pool dichotomous data using risk ratio (RR) and continuous data using mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Our primary outcome was glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) change.

Results

We included 7 RCTs with a total of 3183 patients. Insulin icodec was associated with significantly decreased HbA1C (MD: −0.15 with 95% CI [−0.24, −0.06], P = .002) and increased percentage of time with glucose in range (TIR) (MD: 4.06 with 95% CI [2.06, 6.06], P = .0001). However, insulin icodec was associated with increased body weight (MD: 0.57 with 95% CI [0.45, 0.70], P = .00001). Also, there was no difference regarding any serious adverse events (AEs) (RR: 0.96 with 95% CI [0.76, 1.20], P = .7) or AEs leading to withdrawal (RR: 1.54 with 95% CI [0.84, 2.82], P = .16). However, insulin icodec was associated with increased any AEs incidence (RR: 1.06 with 95% CI [1.01, 1.12], P = .02).

Conclusion

Insulin icodec was associated with decreased HbA1C, increased TIR, with similar hypoglycemic and serious AEs. However, it was also associated with increased body weight and the incidence of any AEs.
Racial and Ethnic Patient Care Disparities in Anesthesiology: History, Current State, and a Way Forward
Authors: Mergler Blake D. , Toles Allyn O. , Alexander Anthony , Mosquera Diana C. , Lane-Fall Meghan B. , Ejiogu Nwadiogo I.
Published: December 2023

Disparities in patient care and outcomes are well-documented in medicine but have received comparatively less attention in anesthesiology. Those disparities linked to racial and ethnic identity are pervasive, with compelling evidence in operative anesthesiology, obstetric anesthesiology, pain medicine, and critical care. This narrative review presents an overview of disparities in perioperative patient care that is grounded in historical context followed by potential solutions for mitigating disparities and inequities.
Negative Language and Apophatic Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century Fantastic Literature
Authors: Bulla Irene
Published: December 2023

This article analyzes the rhetoric of nineteenth-century fantastic fiction in order to situate the genre within the intellectual tradition of apophatic, or self-negating, discourse. Through a reading of Fitz-James O'Brien's “What Was It? A Mystery” (1859) and Ambrose Bierce's “The Damned Thing” (1893), two short stories that feature the same kind of supernatural phenomenon (a material ghost), the essay argues that apophasis can be used as a key to understand not only the rhetorical fabric of the fantastic genre but also its tropes and themes and its larger epistemological preoccupations.
The Madhouse
Authors: Fleishman Ian
Published: December 2023

This essay theorizes an addiction to ecological anxiety that is characteristic of cultural reactions to climate change and made especially palpable in a time of pandemic. Borrowing from J. M. Coetzee’s identification in Franz Kafka of an epistemology of ever-evolving crisis, the essay surveys the growing corpus of scholarship on the Anthropocene, and, in particular, of quarantine writing, to examine the viral nature of first-person accounts of the ecocatastrophic, revealing a perpetual subjunctivity resistant to the ontological prioritization of the actual over the virtual. While such symptomatic thinking might seem to fulfill a psychologically inoculative function against impending catastrophe, the essay contends that it ultimately becomes a kind of autoimmune disorder: a prophetically self-fulfilling panic that makes it increasingly difficult to fathom, let alone to take action against, our current ecological and political crises.
A Salafi Pioneer of Saudi Anti-Communism
Authors: Bushra Mohammed El-Sayed
Published: December 2023

Scholarship on Saudi involvement in the Cold War emphasizes key developments under King Faisal. This article demonstrates the merits of extending the study of the Saudi role in the Cold War to earlier periods. Examining the career of a little-discussed migrant scholar both prior to and in the early years of the Cold War reveals important precedents that shed light on Saudi Arabia's strategic policy at the height of the Cold War. Barely remembered as the Saudi author of a Salafi da‘wa pamphlet, Muhammad Sultan al-Ma‘sumi al-Khujandi's (1880–1961) legacy stands as testament to the fluidity of reformist Islamic discourses in the early twentieth century. Al-Khujandi's biography is first established before subjecting two aspects of his legacy to closer analysis. First, his authorship of some of the earliest examples of Muslim anti-communist literature in Arabic, providing templates widely replicated during the Cold War. Second, the abortive attempt to instrumentalize his stature in the service of state-legitimation by drawing on preexisting cosmopolitanisms. Though his overzealous commitment to “puritan” Salafism initially curtailed this potential, it soon proved key in his redeployment as an asset in the earliest Saudi experiments in Cold War pan-Islamic solidarity, establishing another template much replicated during the Cold War.
Two Chinas, Two Chinese Islams?
Authors: Chen John
Published: December 2023

Muslim leaders in China experienced political and social fracture and intellectual reorientation as a result of the Chinese Civil War (1945–49) and the early Cold War. Influential Chinese Muslim and Uyghur imams and officials who were once allies and friends found themselves on opposite sides of several conflicts: the bitter struggle between Nationalists (KMT) and Communists (CCP), the formation of opposing states on the mainland and Taiwan, and the broader US-Soviet rivalry. The first section of this article shows how Muslims from China catalyzed multiple inter-Asian linkages in the early Cold War. The second and third sections explore the intellectual impact of the Chinese Civil War and Cold War on discourses of Chinese Muslim identity and inter-Asian connections, focusing on ethnicization and racialization.
Global Revolution Starts with Palestine
Authors: Randall Jeremy
Published: December 2023

This article examines the development and history of the alliance between the Japanese Red Army (JRA) and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). It draws upon Arabic and Japanese sources such as memoirs like those penned by JRA leader Shigenobu Fusako, the 1971 propaganda film Sekigun PFLP sekai sensō sengen (Red Army/PFLP: Declaration of World War), statements by the PFLP and the JRA, and interviews conducted by the media with members of the JRA. The article traces the development of the JRA's ideology, how it came to view Palestine as the center of global revolution, and the logics underpinning the need for direct action by its members for the liberation of Palestine. The JRA's militancy represented a hitherto unseen aspect of support for Palestine rooted in anti-imperialism, anti-colonialism, and anti-capitalism outside the strictures of mainstream leftist action.