bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of leaf length and development stage on the triple oxygen isotope signature of grass leaf water and phytoliths: insights for a proxy of continental atmospheric humidity
Authors: Alexandre Anne , Webb Elizabeth , Landais Amaelle , Piel Clément , Devidal Sébastien , Sonzogni Corinne , Couapel Martine , Mazur Jean-Charles , Pierre Monique , Prié Frédéric , Vallet-Coulomb Christine , Outrequin Clément , Roy Jacques
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Continental relative humidity (RH) is a key climate parameter, but there is a
lack of quantitative RH proxies suitable for climate model–data comparisons.
Recently, a combination of climate chamber and natural transect calibrations
have laid the groundwork for examining the robustness of the triple oxygen
isotope composition (δ′18O and 17O-excess) of phytoliths, that can preserve in sediments, as a new proxy for past changes in RH. However,
it was recommended that besides RH, additional factors that may impact
δ′18O and 17O-excess of plant water and phytoliths be
examined. Here, the effects of grass leaf length, leaf development stage and
day–night alternations are addressed from growth chamber experiments. The
triple oxygen isotope compositions of leaf water and phytoliths of the grass
species F. arundinacea are analysed. Evolution of the leaf water δ′18O and
17O-excess along the leaf length can be modelled using a string-of-lakes approach to which an unevaporated–evaporated mixing equation must be added.
We show that for phytoliths to record this evolution, a kinetic
fractionation between leaf water and silica, increasing from the base to the
apex, must be assumed. Despite the isotope heterogeneity of leaf water along
the leaf length, the bulk leaf phytolith δ′18O and
17O-excess values can be estimated from the Craig and Gordon model and
a mean leaf water–phytolith fractionation exponent (λPhyto-LW)
of 0.521. In addition to not being leaf length dependent, δ′18O
and 17O-excess of grass phytoliths are expected to be impacted only
very slightly by the stem vs. leaf biomass ratio. Our experiment additionally
shows that because a lot of silica polymerises in grasses when the leaf
reaches senescence (58 % of leaf phytoliths in mass), RH prevailing during
the start of senescence should be considered in addition to RH prevailing
during leaf growth when interpreting the 17O-excess of grass bulk
phytoliths. Although under the study conditions 17O-excessPhyto do
not vary significantly from constant day to day–night conditions, additional
monitoring at low RH conditions should be done before drawing any
generalisable conclusions. Overall, this study strengthens the reliability
of the 17O-excess of phytoliths to be used as a proxy of RH. If future
studies show that the mean value of 0.521 used for the grass leaf
water–phytolith fractionation exponent λPhyto-LW is not
climate dependent, then grassland leaf water 17O-excess obtained from
grassland phytolith 17O-excess would inform on isotope signals of
several soil–plant-atmosphere processes.
The role of spatial dependence for large-scale flood risk estimation
Authors: Metin Ayse Duha , Dung Nguyen Viet , Schröter Kai , Vorogushyn Sergiy , Guse Björn , Kreibich Heidi , Merz Bruno
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Flood risk assessments are typically based on scenarios which assume homogeneous return periods of flood peaks throughout the catchment. This assumption is unrealistic for real flood events and may bias risk estimates for specific return periods. We investigate how three assumptions about the spatial dependence affect risk estimates: (i) spatially homogeneous scenarios (complete dependence), (ii) spatially heterogeneous scenarios (modelled dependence), and (iii) spatially heterogeneous, but uncorrelated scenarios (complete independence). To this end, the model chain RFM (Regional Flood Model) is applied to the Elbe catchment in Germany, accounting for the space-time dynamics of all flood generation processes, from the rainfall through catchment and river system processes to damage mechanisms. Different assumptions about the spatial dependence do not influence the expected annual damage (EAD), however, they bias the risk curve, i.e. the cumulative distribution function of damage. The widespread assumption of complete dependence strongly overestimates flood damage in the order of 100% for return periods larger than approximately 200 years. On the other hand, for small and medium floods with return periods smaller than approximately 50 years, damage is underestimated. The overestimation aggravates when risk is estimated for larger areas. This study demonstrates the importance of representing the spatial dependence of flood peaks and damage for risk assessments.
Health status of woman from a small and big town in Poland: the subjective and objective assessment
Authors: Malczyk Ewa , Wyka Joanna , Habánová Marta , Misiarz Marta , Zołoteńka-Synowiec Marzena , Holovičová Mária , Jarossová Malgorzata
Published: December 2019

The way of defining the concept of health varies depending on the age, sex, social position of a person conditioned by place of residence, economic and family situation. The aim of the study was to assess subjective and objective health status of women over 65 living in a small and big town. In the subjective assessment of the nutritional status were the MNA questionnaire used, in the objective assessment was BMI used. Body composition analysis was carried out using the bioimpedance method. Lab tests were made using standard methods. The quantitative assessment of the diet was made using the 24-hour intake method, the results calculated in software Dieta 5. Significantly more often women from Nysa than from Wroclaw assessed their health status in comparison with their peers as just as good or better (p <0.05). The BMI value among Nysa women shows the overweight, and among women from Wroclaw, obesity. The average content of adipose tissue among all examined women indicated significant fatness of the examined group (36 - 37%). The average energy supply in the food rations of women from Nysa and Wroclaw differed statistically significantly and did not meet the accepted norms. In conclusion, we can say that older women from a small city assessed their health as better or as good compared to older women in a large city. The implementation of dietary norms and recommendations in the food rations of the subjects was insufficient. However, women from a small town provided statistically significantly more nutrients in their diets.
Determinants in Relocation of Capital Cities
Authors: Ishenda Doris Kokutungisa , Guoqing Shi
Published: December 2019

The capital city is characterized as a multifunctional city that has diplomatic missions, government institutions and economic centers that are so developed that often the capital is chosen as a city of urbanization by the Government. In Indonesia, floods often hit Jakarta and paralyze economic and governmental activities. To overcome the various problems of the capital, one solution that can be considered by a country is to move its capital. In Indonesia, the discourse to move the capital has a long history. This discourse arose against the background of various complex Jakarta problems. Indonesia needs to consider these three factors in the analysis to move its capital, not only the analysis in the country, but also the analysis of the experiences of other countries in the world that have moved its capital. The experience of various countries that have moved their capital cities will provide input and considerations, which could be used as a more appropriate analytical method to examine problems in Indonesia.
The Role of State Capacity in Development Studies
Authors: Cingolani Luciana
Published: December 2019

The role that state capacity plays in development has been the subject of growing cross-disciplinary research. The state capacity concept has faced criticism on numerous fronts, with scholars recently devoting serious efforts to overcome it. This article offers a rich overview of the concepts’ journey in terms of its theoretical roots, its uses by different disciplines, its definitions and measurements, and the empirical evidence around the impact of state capacity on development outcomes. It argues in favor of an optimistic view of the field’s advances by showing: (a) convergence in conceptualizations and (b) high-quality innovations in measurements. The article also contributes to the field by offering a definition of state capacity that consolidates all elements of the dominant strand and further tackles a number of issues that remain weak and should take priority in a future agenda.
Methodology for Measuring Output, Value Added, and Employment Impacts of State Highway and Bridge Construction Projects
Authors: Babcock Michael W. , Leatherman John C.
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to measure some of the economic impacts of state highway programs. State departments of transportation (DOTs) need such a methodology for a variety of reasons, including long-term highway planning as well as advising state policymakers concerning the economic impacts of highway programs. The specific objectives of this study are: (1) describe a procedure to measure the output, value added, and employment impacts of specific types of highway and bridge improvement, and (2) illustrate an application of the model using data from Kansas.

The objectives of the research are accomplished with input-output modeling. An 11-step procedure is described for adjusting the Kansas IMPLAN input-output model so that it is capable of measuring economic impacts for specific types of highway and bridge improvement. The model is illustrated using data from a recently completed study of the Kansas Comprehensive Transportation Program (CTP), which included expenditure of $5.24 billion on state highway system projects. Data from this study are used to demonstrate the calculation of output, value added, and employment impacts for five different highway and bridge improvement categories.
Rail Rate and Revenue Changes Since the Staggers Act
Authors: Casavant Ken , Jessup Eric , Prater Marvin E. , Blanton Bruce , Bahizi Pierre , Nibarger Daniel , Hill Johnny , Weingram Isaac
Published: December 2019

An examination of the effects of deregulation and the performance of the Surface Transportation Board (STB) under that deregulation usually includes an analysis of rail rates that have evolved since implementation of the Staggers Act of 1980 (Staggers Act). This paper examines the rail rate structure for agricultural commodities and compares it with rates for other commodities. Changes in agricultural rail rates are evaluated relative to shipment size and distance shipped to understand how they affect agricultural shippers. Railroads transferred costs to agricultural shippers and overrecovered fuel costs with surcharges. Shippers question the reasonableness of rail rates in the light of railroad revenue adequacy data.
Yield, Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Leaching of Sensor-Based Fertigation-Cultured Tomato in a Shallow Groundwater Region: Effect of Shallow Groundwater on Tomato Irrigation
Authors: Zhang Jinji , Cao Zhuangzhuang , Dai Haibo , Zhang Zhiping , Miao Minmin
Published: December 2019

Fertigation with surface drip has been introduced and broadly applied for vegetable cultivation in the Eastern China, which presents high precipitation and always has shallow groundwater. To estimate the influence of high groundwater level on the tomato nitrogen (N) and water use efficiency and develop new sensor-based fertigation technology, experiments were executed in plastic greenhouse in the experimental farm of Yangzhou University located in the suburban of Yangzhou city during 2016-2017 growing seasons using a block randomization with three replications. Three N dosages and 4 watering treatments were carried out in this experiment. The data indicated that irrigation threshold of -35 kPa was optimum to get the maximum production of tomato. In this treatment, the value of estimated plant evapotranspiration (ETc) was much higher than total applied water volume, suggesting high groundwater table had a significant contribution on the tomato ETc and a sensor-based irrigation strategy should be more accurate than the simulated ETc irrigation method to calculate the water demand under this condition. In addition, our results indicated that high groundwater level had a positive effect to alleviating N leaching. Finally, we can conclude that fertigation technology enhanced the N use efficiency (NUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) and three fourths of the calculated N dosage (according to a traditional nutrient equation) was sufficient to optimize tomato yield.
Substrates and Fertilization of Mamacadela
Authors: Silva Kátia Freitas , Silva Luciana Borges e , Mota Elias Emanuel Silva , Buso Wilian Henrique Diniz , Melo Mônica Ferreira de , Morais Nathália Luana Ribeiro
Published: December 2019

The Cerrado has fruit species of great potential of use in commercial systems of agricultural production. They are obliged to carry out studies on the production of seedlings, contributing to a perpetuation of these species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different substrates and different doses of Basacote® on the emergence and early development of B. gaudichaudii plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the experimental area of the Goiano Federal Institute-Campus Ceres. Experiment 1 was composed of six treatments (six compositions) and experiment 2 consisted of 5 treatments (five doses of Basacote®). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates and 12 plants per experimental plot. The variables analyzed were emergence, height, lap diameter, number of leaves, root system length, survival rate and fresh and dry matter of the aerial part and root system. The substrate composed of bovine manure + Plantmax® + soil provides better conditions for growth and development of mamacadella plants. The mamacadela seedlings do not tolerate high levels of organic matter in the substrate. For the production of Brosimum gaudichaudii seedlings the use of the 6.48 g dose of Basacote® plant-1 is indicated.
Termiticidal Activity of Libidibia ferrea var. ferrea and of the Association With Isaria spp. Against Nasutitermes corniger
Authors: Lopes Rosineide S. , Martins Mônica Cristina B. , Oliveira Luciana G. de , Costa Antonio F. da , Santos Venézio F. dos , Correia Maria Tereza S. , Silva Nicácio H. da , Albuquerque Auristela C. de , Lima Elza Áurea Luna-Alves , Lima Vera Lúcia M.
Published: December 2019

Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) is an urban termite pest that is controlled by chemical applications. We investigated the effect of the association of Isaria farinosa (Holm: Fries) Fries, I. fumosorosea (Wize) Brown & Smith, and I. javanica (Frieder & Bally) Samson & Hywell-Jones with the extracts of Libidibia ferrea var. ferrea (Mart. Ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz in the control of N. corniger. The following experiments were performed: the toxicity of aqueous and methanolic extracts on the biological aspects of fungi, action of extracts on workers and soldiers, and fungus-extract combination on workers of termite. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and pods of L. ferrea var. ferrrea were more efficient than the methanol extracts, demonstrating termiticide activity at 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg mL-1, with 100% worker mortality after the third and fourth days and 100% soldier mortality by the third through sixth day. Lethal concentrations (LC50) varied from 0.624 to 0.710 mg mL-1 for workers and from 0.146 to 1.410 mg mL-1 for soldiers. The extracts were compatible with the fungal strains at the lowest concentrations. Associations of the extracts with I. farinosa ESALQ1355 demonstrated efficient control of termite workers. The results demonstrate that L. ferrea var. ferrrea extracts, either alone or in association with I. farinosa ESALQ1355, functioned in the in vitro control of N. corniger, representing a viable alternative to be further tested in controlling those termites in urban areas.
Biometry of the Characteristics of Cajazeira (Spondias mombin L.) Stone in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Assis Janilson Pinheiro de , Sousa Roberto Pequeno de , Linhares Paulo César Ferreira , Cardoso Eudes de Almeida , Paula José Aluísio de Araújo , Alves Lunara de Sousa , Pereira Maria Francisca Soares , Silva Cydianne Cavalcante da , Nogueira Glenda Soares de Lira Rosado , Silva Misael Bruno de Araujo
Published: December 2019

The cajazeira (Spondias mombin L.) is a stone tree belonging to the Anacardiaceae family is very common in the caatinga ecoregion of northeastern of Brazil. This study assessed the biometry of cajazeira stones stones. The stones were collected in 2019 within an area of native vegetation in the campus of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region (UFERSA), Mossoró-RN. They were then taken to the Plant Science Laboratory to measure the following characteristics: length, width, length/width ratio, stones thickness, and weight. The variables length, width, length/width ratio, thickness, and weight of the stones had a low range of variation and low values for relative variation, and therefore high coefficients of Pearson of correlation. The data of length, width, and thickness showed a moderate degree of symmetry and a symmetrical and mesocurtic distribution, while length/width ratio and stones weight had almost symmetrical and mesocurtic distributions. The variables length and width and width and thickness showed significant positive linear correlations. The biometric data of caja stones fitted in to the approximate normal distribution of probability.
Forage Production and Bromatological Composition of Forage Species Intercropped With Soybean
Authors: Andrade Carlos Augusto Oliveira de , Borghi Emerson , Bortolon Leandro , Bortolon Elisandra Solange Oliveira , Camargo Francelino Peteno de , Avanzi Junior Cesar , Guarda Vitor Del Alamo , Cunha Marcelo Kosgen , Silva Rubens Ribeiro da , Fidelis Rodrigo Ribeiro
Published: December 2019

Brazil is one the largest soybean and cattle producer worldwide and degrade pasture is one of the major problem in the Cerrado region. Integrated crop-livestock system is a key to increase grower income, to reduce crop yield loss by water deficit during growing season and to reclaim degraded pasture. However, forage production and its quality is important to evaluate under integrated crop-livestock system. The objective of this study was to evaluate forage production and the bromatological composition of different forage species in monoculture and in intercropping with soybean in an oversowing system. A completely randomized block design with four replications in a 5 × 2 + 1 factorial scheme, with five forage species (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; U. ruziziensis; P. maximus cv. Mombaça; P. infestans cv. Massai and P. americanum) and two cropping systems (monoculture and a consortium with soybeans) and a standard treatment (P. americanum in succession with soybeans). The forage productivity and the bromatological composition of the forages were evaluated. The species U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha, M. maximum and P. infestans presented higher forage production capacity, when cultivated in consortium with soybeans and in monoculture, in relation to P. americanum. The cultivation of the forages U. ruziziensis, U. brizantha, M. maximum and P. americanum in monoculture produced higher productivity than that in consortium with soybeans. The forages U. ruziziensis and U. brizantha intercropped with soybean presented a better nutritional value over the autumn-winter period.
Modelling of travel behaviour of students using artificial intelligence
Authors: Alex Anu P. , Manju V. S. , Isaac Kuncheria P.
Published: December 2019

Travel demand models are required by transportation planners to predict the travel behaviour of people with different socio-economic characteristics. Travel behaviour of students act as an essential component of travel demand modelling. This behaviour is reflected in the educational activity travel pattern, the timing, sequence and mode of travel of students. Roads in the vicinity of schools are adversely affected during the school opening and closing hours. It enhances the traffic congestion, emission and safety problems around schools. It is necessary to improve the safety of school going children by understanding the present travel behaviour and to develop efficient sustainable traffic management measures to reduce congestion in the vicinity of schools. It is possible only if the travel behaviour of educational activities are studied. This travel behaviour is complex in nature and lot of uncertainty exists. Selection of modelling technique is very important for modelling the complex travel behaviour of students. This leads to the importance of application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in this area. AI techniques are highly developed in twenty first century due to the advancements in computer, big data and theoretical understanding. It is proved in the literature that these techniques are suitable for modelling the human behaviour. However, it has not been used in behaviourally oriented activity based modelling. This study is aimed to develop a model system to predict the daily travel behaviour of students using artificial intelligence technique, ANN. These ANN models were then compared with the conventional econometric models developed. It was observed that artificial intelligence models provide better results than econometric models in predicting the activity-travel behaviour of students. These models were further applied to study the variation in activity-travel behaviour, if short term travel-demand management measures like promoting walking for educational activities are implemented. Thus the study established that artificial intelligence can replace the conventional econometric methods for modelling the activity-travel behaviour of students. It can also be used for analysing the impact of short term travel demand management measures.
Dry turning of X2CrNi18-09 using coated carbide tools: modelling and optimization of multiple performance characteristics
Authors: Boucherit Septi , Berkani Sofiane , Yallese Mohamed Athmane , Haddad Abdelkrim , Belhadi Salim
Published: December 2019

The present paper investigates the cutting parameters pertaining to the turning of X2CrNi18-09 austenitic stainless steel that are studied and optimized using both RSM and desirability approaches. The cutting tool inserts used are the CVD coated carbide. The cutting speed, the feed rate and the depth of cut represent the main machining parameters considered. Their influence on the surface roughness and the cutting force are further investigated using the ANOVA method. The results obtained lead to conclude that the feed rate is the surface roughness highest influencing parameter with a contribution of 89.69%.The depth of cut and the feed rate are further identified as the most important parameters affecting the cutting force with contributions of 46.46% and 39.04% respectively. The quadratic mathematical models presenting the progression of the surface roughness and the cutting force and based on the machining parameters considered (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut) were obtained through the application of the RSM method. They are presented and compared to the experimental results. Good agreement is found between the two sections of the investigation. Furthermore, the flank wear of the CVD-coated carbide tool (GC2015) is found to increase with both cutting speed and cutting time. A higher tool life represented by t=44min is observed at cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut of 280m/min,0.08mm/rev and 0.2mm respectively. Moreover and at low cutting speeds, the formation of micro weld is noticed and leads to an alteration of the surface roughness of the work piece. Finally, optimizing the machining parameters with the objective of achieving an improved surface roughness was accomplished through the application of the Desirability Function approach. This enabled to finding out the optimal parameters for maximal material removal rate and best surface quality for a cutting speed of 350m/min, a feed rate of 0.088 mm/rev and a depth of cut of 0.9mm.
Numerical study of low-speed droplets impacting on the fabric surface
Authors: Qilei Guo
Published: December 2019

In this approach, the numerical model of the fluid dynamics of liquid droplets impacting on the fabric surface with VOF method is proposed. The results obtained by the proposed model are well in agreement with the experimental results. The mechanism of the liquid droplet morphological evolution is investigated by pressure distribution and velocity vector, and the obvious bubble entrapment, which cannot be observed in experimenal results, is captured by the proposed model. The evolution laws of the spreading factor and the contact angle at the liquid-porous interface are obtained and the reason why the contact angle is dynamic is analyzed. The effects of droplet diameter and impact velocity on the fluid flow characteristics are also discussed. Usually, droplet diameter increasing leads more dramatic shape distortion of the liquid droplet, and impact velocity increasing leads shorter time to reach the maximum spreading stage. Finally, based on the properties of the impacting droplet by the proposed model, the important references of optimizing the parachute design for severe weather are built.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Sonotrode for Formation of Piezocomposite Functional Elements
Authors: SODAH Amer , PALEVICIUS Arvydas , JANUSAS Giedrius , PALEVICIUS Paulius , PATEL Yatinkumar
Published: December 2019

The paper is dedicated to analysis, practical exploitation of sonotrode, whose fundament is multilayer actuator in experiments of mechanical hot imprint. The goal is to compare the quality of microstructures, created by using vibration based on multilayer actuator. Numerical modelling and experimental analysis is performed in order to find resonant frequency of the sonotrode. Having operating frequency, sonotrode applied in mechanical hot imprint process. Microstructures are created on the surface of polycarbonate; the only process variable is vibration. Two types of microstructure quality measurements are performed: measurement of diffraction efficiency, optical microscopy in order to examine quality of replica
Analytic Sentences, Cognition, and Language: Some Links between Current Theories
Authors: López-Astorga Miguel
Published: December 2019

This paper tries to explore possible relations and differences between three kinds of contemporary theories about cognition and language: the approaches supporting the idea that there is a mental logic, the mental models theory, and the frameworks based upon probability logic. That exploration is made here by means of the analytic sentences and the revision of the way each of those types of theories can deal with them. The conclusions seem to show that the three kinds of theories address such sentences in a similar manner, which can mean that there can be more links between them than thought.
Three Ideas from American Pragmatism Interpreted in Terms of Whitehead's Metaphysics
Authors: Andrae Benjamin ,   The Center for Process Studies
Published: December 2019

This article is an attempt to examine and clarify the truth theory of American pragmatism. Three central ideas of this truth theory will be considered in light of Whitehead's metaphysics: a rejection of the correspondence theory of truth, a defense of fallibilism, and a recognition of the temporality of truth.
Panentheism or Pansyntheism?
Authors: Gill Jerry H. ,   The Center for Process Studies
Published: December 2019

My suggestion is to replace Charles Hartshorne's term "panentheism" with that of "pansyntheism" as a more fruitful way of characterizing the dynamic relation between God and the world. He introduced the term panentheism in order to split the difference between traditional theism and pantheism, to define God as highly interactive with the cosmos without being totally in control of it. The world is thought of as being in God without being identified with God.
Metamorphoses of Violence
Authors: Waldenfels Bernhard , Trepca Amalia ,   Romanian Society for Phenomenology
Published: December 2019

Based on the argument that violence has a parasitic quality rather than an essence of its own, this article seeks to bring to light the conversion processes through which violence crystallises out of, as well as into, various phenomena. Violence is first examined in terms of the relation between perpetrator and victim with, however, an emphasis on the fact that violence cannot be reduced to the intention or the act of the perpetrator. On the contrary, violence is shown to have the character of pathos and to open up a dimension of which the act itself is only a part. Further, the author argues that in being directed towards the other, violence harbours a performative contradiction: by turning the addressee into a thing to be destroyed, the addressing act cancels itself. The paper also sets out to identify the breeding grounds of violence, which, due to its capacity for conversion, can be detected in various phenomena that are not necessarily linked to violence. This means that violence can resort to various mechanisms and can emerge in multiple fields of activity: in bureaucracy, economics, medicine, politics, war, and most importantly, in everyday life, hidden under inconspicuous but sometimes pervasive forms. Finally, the metamorphoses of violence are shown to ultimately rest on the temporal character of violence, which implies that violence has a time of preparation (such as in the field of politics) and an aftermath (for example, in posttraumatic disorders).
A taxonomic revision of the African genus Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae – Grewioideae)
Authors: Wellsow Julia , Hart Michelle , Wilkie Peter , Harris David J.
Published: December 2019

A taxonomic revision of Desplatsia Bocq. (Malvaceae s. lat. Juss., subfamily Grewioideae Hochr., tribe Grewieae Endl.) based on about 800 herbarium specimens is presented. Desplatsia is a genus of trees and shrubs found in tropical West and Central Africa and is characterized by subulately divided stipules, the absence of an androgynophore, stamens that are fused to a tube at the base, and large and distinctive fruits that are dispersed by elephants. Four species are recognized (D. subericarpa Bocq., D. chrysochlamys (Mildbr. & Burret) Mildbr. & Burret, D. dewevrei (De Wild. & T.Durand) Burret and D. mildbraedii Burret) and 12 species names are placed into synonymy, two of which have been put into synonymy for the first time: D. floribunda Burret syn. nov. and D. trillesiana (Pierre ex De Wild.) Pierre ex A.Chev. syn. nov. All four species are widely distributed and their conservation status is assessed as Least Concern (LC). A key to the species, full species descriptions, illustrations, a specimen citation list and distribution maps are provided.
ACRL Midwinter meetings in Philadelphia: A brief overview
Authors: Of College and Research Libraries Association
Published: December 2019

Board of DirectorsForumsACRL special events at 2020 ALA Midwinter Meeting
Marketing y publicidad en el aula de ELE. Una propuesta didáctica
Authors: Villalba Ibáñez Cristina
Published: December 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una propuesta didáctica que se enmarca dentro de la enseñanza del español para fines específicos (EFE) y, más concretamente, del español para los negocios. A partir de un enfoque comunicativo por tareas, se propone que el alumnado diseñe una campaña de publicidad de un producto. Para lograr este objetivo, los estudiantes se organizan en grupos de trabajo de entre 4 y 6 personas y deben realizar, en las distintas sesiones de trabajo, las siguientes actividades: elegir el producto que van a promocionar, identificar y hacer un perfil del público objetivo y el buyer persona de dicho producto, reflexionar sobre la mejor ubicación, elaborar un anuncio gráfico y, finalmente, presentar el producto ante la clase. Esta propuesta ha sido implementada en un curso de la asignatura de Español para los Negocios con gran aceptación por parte del alumnado.
Dibujar la conversación en ELE: la enseñanza de la toma de turnos del español
Authors: Espinosa Guerri Guadalupe
Published: December 2019

Uno de los componentes necesarios para el desarrollo de la competencia pragmática es la toma de turnos. No obstante, aunque nuestro conocimiento sobre la estructura de la conversación coloquial y sobre el funcionamiento del sistema de toma de turnos se ha visto ampliado gracias a los estudios que se han realizado desde el Análisis de la Conversación y el Español Coloquial, son muy pocos los intentos de trasvasar ese conocimiento teórico al campo de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras (Cestero, 2012).  
El presente trabajo pretende dar a conocer algunos de los hallazgos en torno al sistema de  alternancia de turnos de la conversación coloquial española y proponer dos herramientas didácticas para su enseñanza en el aula de ELE: 1) los dientes de sierra, herramienta de visualización que permite reconocer gráficamente la relación entre los turnos de un diálogo; y 2) una tipología de figuras interaccionales que recoge las diferentes estructuras que se producen en la toma de turnos de la conversación coloquial española.
El Pueblo de los idiomas (das Sprachdorf): un recurso metodológico basado en realia para desarrollar la competencia comunicativa
Authors: Córcoles Molina Tomás
Published: December 2019

Resumen: En este artículo se presenta un recurso metodológico conocido en alemán como Sprachdorf que permite desarrollar la competencia comunicativa de nuestros alumnos a través de interacciones orales contextualizadas e integrar el aprendizaje de contenidos léxicos, gramaticales, pragmáticos y culturales. Este tipo de proyecto se está llevando a cabo en Alemania y Países Bajos, pero posee una larga tradición desde finales del siglo XIX basada en el concepto de realia. Su implementación en centros de secundaria puede solucionar el problema de falta de prácticas orales y ayudar a ofrecer una visión significativa de la adquisición de lenguas extranjeras.  
Palabras clave: realia, competencia comunicativa, ASL, interacción oral, contexto, aprendizaje significativo, aprendizaje cooperativo
Abstract: This paper introduces a methodological resource known as Sprachdorf in German, which allows students to develop their communicative competence through contextualized oral interactions and to integrate lexical, grammatical, pragmatic and cultural contents. This kind of project is being carried out in Germany and The Netherlands, but it finds its roots at the end of the nineteenth century based on the concept of realia. If Sprachdorf is implemented in secondary schools, it could provide a solution for the lack of oral exercises in class and a meaningful perspective of second-language acquisition.
Keywords: realia, communicative competence, SLA, oral interaction, context, meaningful learning, cooperative learning
Las locuciones sustantivas en el aula de E/LE: retos y propuestas
Authors: Puertas Ribés Elia
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo pretende contribuir a la enseñanza de las locuciones nominales en el aula de E/LE. Se han diseñado diferentes actividades que faciliten al alumnado conocer tanto algunas de las expresiones idiomáticas más utilizadas en español, como los usos reales en los que pueden utilizarse. Para ello, se parte desde un enfoque comunicativo que facilite el aprendizaje desde un contexto real. La secuencia didáctica que se describe a continuación está dividida en cuatro fases que empiezan desde el contacto inicial con la estructura sustantivo + preposición de + sustantivo, la inferencia de los significados a través textos extraídos de periódicos en línea, pasando por su consolidación a través de juegos hasta llegar a la producción de una tarea final, cuyo objetivo es potenciar no solo la competencia gramatical, sino también la sociocultural y pragmática. Es, así, paso a paso, como se propone trabajar una de las tipologías fraseológicas más comunes del discurso, las locuciones nominales
El método IBI en la enseñanza de ELE. Aplicación de la gamificación en el Camino de Santiago
Authors: Sevilla Vallejo Santiago
Published: December 2019

Los cambios recientes producidos en el ámbito de la educación y, particularmente, en la adquisición de segundas lenguas, como son la utilización de metodologías activas y el viraje en el foco de atención de la gramática hacia el vocabulario, son el punto de partida de esta propuesta de innovación didáctica para una clase de ELE. En concreto, este trabajo parte de un método pedagógico donde el aprendizaje de vocabulario se sitúa en el centro del mismo, el método IBI, y de cómo una herramienta didáctica, la gamificación, puede aumentar su efectividad tanto en resultados de aprendizaje como en términos actitudinales. Para ello, este trabajo realiza una propuesta de innovación didáctica que consiste en seis lecciones enmarcadas en el recorrido del Camino de Santiago inglés
Videojocs: idees per desdramatitzar-ne l’ús
Authors: Aranda Dani
Published: December 2019

La sospita sobre el caire nociu (gairebé patològic) que pot tenir el consum de videojocs sovint ve motivada per consideracions irracionals o emotives que van lligades a la por a allò que és desconegut. La bretxa que hi ha entre la cultura audiovisual i digital dels adolescents i dels adults explica, en bona part, l’actitud de reserva i desconfiança que tenen alguns adults davant d’unes eines d’entreteniment que no controlen.
L’impacte de la publicitat alimentària hedonista en els infants
Authors: Montaña Blasco Mireia
Published: December 2019

Segons dades recents d’Unicef, un terç dels infants menors de cinc anys en el món no tenen una dieta sana, per la qual cosa no estan creixent correctament. Mentre que gairebé 200 milions d’aquests infants pateixen de desnutrició, prop de 40 milions viuen amb sobrepès. A l’Estat espanyol gairebé un 40% dels infants presenten obesitat o sobrepès. Aquesta xifra situa l’Estat espanyol al capdavant d’Europa en els índexs d’obesitat infantil.
Investigation Barrier Properties of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Spunbond Fabrics
Authors: SARIOĞLU Esin , VURUŞKAN Deniz
Published: December 2019

Nonwovens are a growing worldwide market that has a vital proposition in many sectors such as geotextile, medical textile, automotive industry etc. which are supported by technological developments according to the desired characteristics. Among the production methods of the nonwovens, spunbond nonwovens made of polyprophylene (PP) have disposable and durable functions and are preferred especially in the field of disposable hygiene textiles. Although the fabric volume market of PP spunbond nonwovens is expected to grow rapidly owing to personal hygiene awareness with an increase in the aging population and regulations for hygiene, polyethylene spunbond nonwovens can probably share the application area due to having a lower melting point and easy processable. This study evaluates the effect of the weight of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) spunbond nonwovens on barrier properties such as resistance to air flow and water. Results showed that weight has significant effect on air permeability and hydrostatic head pressure.
EVALUATION OF TYPOLOGY OF LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS IN TERMS OF RURAL PLANNING
Authors: ÖZHANCI Esra
Published: December 2019

Sustainable development is possible with a balance and harmony in social, economic and environmental terms. This harmony constitutes the trivet on which the landscape planning is established. Change and conversion is established on sound grounds with sustainable usage. A landscape is shaped as a result of the perceptions, needs and behaviors of its habitants, visitors and users. Assessing landscape elements located in different character areas with their typology is a method that facilitates perception studies. It will be possible to shape landscapes by placing ideas in a faster manner with typological generalizations on the structural elements of each character. In this study, simulations have been formed over different scenarios for the purpose of assessing rural area elements in a typological manner, and these images have been subjected to participant assessment with the Preference Experiment (PE). As a result, linear, massive and scattered elements were determined as the outstanding typology of Mountain Landscape; curved and segmental elements were determined as the outstanding typology of Water Front Landscape; and linear, point and scattered elements were determined as the outstanding typology of Plain Landscape.
A novel approach for big data classification based on hybrid parallel dimensionality reduction using spark cluster
Authors: Ali Ahmed Hussein , Abdullah Mahmood Zaki
Published: December 2019

The big data concept has elicited studies on how to accurately and efficiently extract valuable information from such huge dataset. The major problem during big data mining is data dimensionality due to a large number of dimensions in such datasets. This major consequence of high data dimensionality is that it affects the accuracy of machine learning (ML) classifiers; it also results in time wastage due to the presence of several redundant features in the dataset. This problem can be possibly solved using a fast feature reduction method. Hence, this study presents a fast HP-PL which is a new hybrid parallel feature reduction framework that utilizes spark to facilitate feature reduction on shared/distributed-memory clusters. The evaluation of the proposed HP-PL on KDD99 dataset showed the algorithm to be significantly faster than the conventional feature reduction techniques. The proposed technique required 1 minute to select 4 dataset features from over 79 features and 3,000,000 samples on a 3-node cluster (total of 21 cores). For the comparative algorithm, more than 2 hours was required to achieve the same feat. In the proposed system, Hadoop’s distributed file system (HDFS) was used to achieve distributed storage while Apache Spark was used as the computing engine. The model development was based on a parallel model with full consideration of the high performance and throughput of distributed computing. Conclusively, the proposed HP-PL method can achieve good accuracy with less memory and time compared to the conventional methods of feature reduction. This tool can be publicly accessed at https://github.com/ahmed/Fast-HP-PL.
Tree-based Control Space Structures for Discrete Metric Sources in 3D Meshing
Authors: Głut Barbara , Jurczyk Tomasz
Published: December 2019

This article compares the different variations of the octree and kd-tree structures used to create a control space based on a set of discrete metric point-sources. The control space thus created supervises the generation of the mesh providing efficient access to the required information on the desired shape and size of the mesh elements at each point of the discretized domain. Structures are compared in terms of computational and memory complexity as well as regarding the accuracy of the approximation of the set of discrete metric sources in the created control space structure.
Detecting Gaze Direction Using Robot-Mounted and Mobile-Device Cameras
Authors: Jarosz Mateusz , Nawrocki Piotr , Placzkiewicz Leszek , Sniezynski Bartlomiej , Zieinski Marcin , Indurkhya Bipin
Published: December 2019

Two common channels through which humans communicate are speech andgaze. Eye gaze is an important mode of communication: it allows people tobetter understand each others’ intentions, desires, interests, and so on. The goalof this research is to develop a framework for gaze triggered events which canbe executed on a robot and mobile devices and allows to perform experiments.We experimentally evaluate the framework and techniques for extracting gazedirection based on a robot-mounted camera or a mobile-device camera whichare implemented in the framework. We investigate the impact of light on theaccuracy of gaze estimation, and also how the overall accuracy depends on usereye and head movements. Our research shows that the light intensity is im-portant, and the placement of light source is crucial. All the robot-mountedgaze detection modules we tested were found to be similar with regard to ac-curacy. The framework we developed was tested in a human-robot interactionexperiment involving a job-interview scenario. The flexible structure of thisscenario allowed us to test different components of the framework in variedreal-world scenarios, which was very useful for progressing towards our long-term research goal of designing intuitive gaze-based interfaces for human robotcommunication.
Design and preliminary application of affinity peptide based on the structure of the porcine circovirus type II Capsid (PCV2 Cap)
Authors: Hao Junfang , Wang Fangyu , Xing Guangxu , Liu Yunchao , Deng Ruiguang , Zhang Hao , Cheng Anchun , Zhang Gaiping
Published: December 2019

Background

Affinity peptides, as a core part of affinity chromatography, play an important role in the purification of target molecules.

Methods

Here we describe the use of molecular docking technology for virtual screening of affinity peptides that specifically recognize the PCV2 Cap protein for the first time. Thirteen candidate peptides with high scores were obtained and then further characterized. Experimentally, the affinity and sensitivity of the peptides studied were identified by ELISA and LSPR, respectively. In order to investigate the purification effect of a selected peptide (L11) for the recombinant PCV2 Cap protein, it was coupled to NHS agarose magnetic beads as an affinity adsorbent (NaMB-L11); and the ligand density of the affinity adsorbent and pH value in the purification of the recombinant PCV2 Cap protein were optimized.

Results

Our data showed that the peptide L11- DYWWQSWE has the smallest KD = 103 nM with higher specificity for PCV2 Cap protein recognition. The NaMB-L11 affinity adsorbent yielded a purified Cap sample with 98% purity at 90% recovery in a single step.

Conclusion

Based on the structure, we obtained a high affinity peptide L11 binding to the PCV2 Cap protein by molecular docking technology. It not only provides a theoretical basis for the design of PCV2 Cap affinity peptide, but a new method for the purification of the PCV2 Cap protein.
La economía está enferma - l'économie est malade. Cronología de la crisis a través de la terminología metafórica
Authors:   Universidade de Vigo (España), Galanes Santos Iolanda , Fernández Rodríguez Áurea ,   Universidade de Vigo (España)
Published: December 2019

En la reciente crisis económica se han utilizado en prensa muchos términos metafóricos de la medicina. La economía está enferma es la metáfora subyacente a algunos (colapso, contagio, virus, crisis, recuperación, etc.). El paralelismo entre economía y medicina se organiza, como la enfermedad, cronológicamente. En este artículo extraemos la terminología médica de la crisis del corpus DiCEM: un corpus de prensa general y especializada en español y en francés (2007-2017). La organizamos cronológicamente para analizarla como red metafórica coherente (Rossi, 2015) o Essaim métaphorique (Prandi, 2010), en cuya dinámica intervienen factores cognitivos, lingüísticos y pragmáticos. Comparamos las metáforas terminológicas en ambas culturas y géneros para comprobar si se presentan de igual modo en ellos en lo referido a aspectos comunicativos, semánticos y pragmáticos. El análisis de la crisis como una metáfora ya se ha estudiado en otras culturas: Soddeman (2013) y Stender (2015) (cultura alemana), Silva (2013) (portuguesa) o Alves (2016) (brasileña). La innovación de nuestra propuesta se deriva del tratamiento comparado y del énfasis en el enfoque cronológico.