bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing training frequency from 3 or 4 sessions/week to 2 sessions/week does not attenuate improvements in maximal aerobic capacity with reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT)
Authors: Thomas Gavin , Songsorn Preeyaphorn , Gorman Aimee , Brackenridge Ben , Cullen Tom , Fitzpatrick Ben , Metcalfe Richard S. , Vollaard Niels B.J.
Published: February 2020

In the present randomised-controlled trial we investigated the effect of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (REHIT) training frequency (2, 3, or 4 sessions/week for 6 weeks) on maximal aerobic capacity in 42 inactive individuals (13 women; mean ± SD age: 25 ± 5 years, maximal aerobic capacity: 35 ± 5 mL·kg−1·min−1). Changes in maximal aerobic capacity were not significantly different between the 3 groups (2 sessions/week: +10.2%; 3 sessions/week: +8.1%; 4 sessions per week: +7.3%). In conclusion, a training frequency of 2 sessions/week is sufficient for REHIT to improve maximal aerobic capacity.

Novelty We demonstrate that reducing REHIT training frequency from 3 or 4 to 2 sessions/week does not attenuate improvements in the key health marker of maximal aerobic capacity.
Characterizing site investigation performance in a two layer soil profile
Authors: Crisp M.P. , Jaksa M.B. , Kuo Y.L. , Fenton G.A. , Griffiths D.V.
Published: February 2020

Insufficient or inappropriate soil testing can lead to a range of undesirable consequences, and yet there is no guideline for optimal investigation. This study analyses the influence of a two layer, virtual soil profile with an undulating boundary on site investigation performance. Factors investigated include the method of representing the boundary within the soil model, the stiffness ratio of the two layers, choice of test type, the pile length relative to the boundary length, and the number of boreholes and piles. The relative error contribution from the uncertainty sources of layer geology and soil variability is also examined. Investigation performance is assessed through Monte Carlo analysis in terms of total expected project cost, while implicitly incorporating the risk of damage from poor investigation. It has been shown that the optimal investigation can save in the order of AUD$1.5 million and that 2D soil models can represent 3D soils.
Ketamine attenuates high-glucose-mediated endothelial inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Wang Tianhai , Zhu Hongge , Hou Yanshen , Duan Wenming , Meng Fufen , Liu Yahua
Published: February 2020

Hyperglycemia mediates oxidative stress, thus inducing transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, increasing endothelial adhesion molecule expression and monocyte/endothelial interaction, and resulting in endothelial injury. Ketamine was reported to attenuate oxidative stress in many cases. In this research, we determined whether and how ketamine protects against high-glucose-mediated augmentation of monocyte/endothelial interaction and endothelial adhesion molecule expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. High glucose augmented monocyte/endothelial adhesion and endothelial adhesion molecule expression. High glucose induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and augmented phospho-protein kinase C (p-PKC) βII expression and PKC activity. Moreover, high glucose inhibited the inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor-κBα (IκBα) expression in the cytoplasm and induced NF-κB nuclear translocation. Importantly, the effects induced by high glucose were counteracted by ketamine treatment. Further, CGP53353, a PKC βII inhibitor, inhibited high-glucose-mediated NF-κB nuclear translocation, attenuated adhesion molecule expression, and reduced monocyte/endothelial interaction. Further, these effects of ketamine against high-glucose-induced endothelial injury were inhibited by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a PKC βII activator. In conclusion, ketamine, via reducing ROS accumulation, inhibited PKC βII Ser660 phosphorylation and PKC and NF-κB activation and reduced high-glucose-induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and monocyte/endothelial interaction.
Is the Mahali mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus mahali) a spontaneous or induced ovulator?
Authors: Hart D.W. , Medger K. , van Jaarsveld B. , Bennett N.C.
Published: February 2020

The Mahali mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus mahali (Roberts, 1913)) is a social, cooperatively breeding subterranean rodent that breeds aseasonally. Only one female in a colony breeds and the remaining females are reproductively suppressed. When the opportunity arises, these non-reproductive females disperse from the natal colony to escape reproductive suppression and pair up with an unrelated male to start a new colony. This study set out to determine whether female Mahali mole-rats are induced or spontaneous ovulators once separated from the reproductive suppression of the breeding female. Fifteen separated females were subjected to three treatments: housed separately without a male (A), allowed chemical, but not physical, contact with a vasectomised male (NPC), and placed in direct contact with a vasectomised male (PC). Urine was collected from all females under each treatment every 2 days for 40 days. Only females housed in the PC treatment exhibited heightened progesterone concentrations and corpora lutea of ovulation in the ovaries. Furthermore, males possessed epidermal spines on the shaft of the penises that may be used to stimulate the cervix of the female during copulation. These findings suggest that the Mahali mole-rat is an induced ovulator.
Analysis of permanent magnet servo motor performance with different semi-ferromagnetic sleeve materials
Authors: Qiu Hongbo , Zhang Yong , Yang Cunxiang , Yi Ran
Published: February 2020

Proposed is a study on the application of a semi-ferromagnetic sleeve in a permanent magnet servo motor (PMSM). First, taking the no-load electromotive force as the research object, the optimal sleeve permeability of the PMSM was determined using the finite element method, and the correctness was verified using an analytical algorithm. In the analytical calculation process, to solve the calculation problem of the no-load leakage flux coefficient caused by the complex distribution of the pole-to-pole leakage flux, an iterative calculation method is proposed. Second, based on the optimization sleeve permeability, the variation of the eddy current loss with different sleeve conductivity was analyzed, and the optimal conductivity value was determined. Finally, variations in current and power factor before and after optimization were compared and analyzed, and the effect of the sleeve electromagnetic characteristics on the motor performance was analyzed. Motor performance after optimization could be consistent with that of before optimization by reducing the thickness of the permanent magnet, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimization analysis of energy and material savings of the PMSM.
Weak field limit and gravitational waves in f(T, B) teleparallel gravity
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , Capriolo Maurizio , Caso Loredana
Published: February 2020

We derive the gravitational waves for$$f\left( T, B\right) $$fT,Bgravity which is an extension of teleparallel gravity and demonstrate that it is equivalent tof(R) gravity by linearized the field equations in the weak field limit approximation.f(T, B) gravity shows three polarizations: the two standard of general relativity, plus and cross, which are purely transverse with two-helicity, massless tensor polarization modes, and an additional massive scalar mode with zero-helicity. The last one is a mix of longitudinal and transverse breathing scalar polarization modes. The boundary termBexcites the extra scalar polarization and the mass of scalar field breaks the symmetry of the TT gauge by adding a new degree of freedom, namely a single mixed scalar polarization.
Using Ordered Weighted Average for Weighted Averages Inflation
Authors: Espinoza-Audelo Luis F. , León-Castro Ernesto , Olazabal-Lugo Marycruz , Merigó José M. , Gil-Lafuente Anna M.
Published: February 2020

This paper presents the ordered weighted average weighted average inflation (OWAWAI) and some extensions using induced and heavy aggregation operators and presents the generalized operators and some of their families. The main advantage of these new formulations is that they can use two different sets of weighting vectors and generate new scenarios based on the reordering of the arguments with the weights. With this idea, it is possible to generate new approaches that under- or overestimate the results according to the knowledge and expertise of the decision-maker. The work presents an application of these new approaches in the analysis of the inflation in Chile, Colombia, and Argentina during 2017.
Static Torsion of Bi-Directional Functionally Graded Microtube Based on the Couple Stress Theory Under Magnetic Field
Authors: Barati Abbas , Adeli Mohsen Mahdavi , Hadi Amin
Published: February 2020

This paper presents is a solution for static torsion in a microtube made of bi-directional functionally graded materials (BDFGMs). The material properties are assumed to vary according to the arbitrary function along radius and length of microtube. As for the torque effect of the axial magnetic field, the well-known Maxwell’s relation is used. Couple stress theory is employed to study the influence of small-scale on static torsion of microtube. The Navier equation and boundary conditions of the size-dependent BDFG microtube were derived by the minimum potential energy. These equations were solved by employing the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM). Comparison between the results of this work with the analytical method for static torsion of microtube made of one direction FG material reveals the accuracy of this study. Finally, numerical results are presented to study the small-scale effect and heterogeneity constants on the static torsion of the bi-directional functionally graded microtube.
Propagation of Oblique Waves Over a Small Undulating Elastic Bottom Topography in a Two-Layer Fluid Flowing Through a Channel
Authors: Chanda Ayan , Bora Swaroop Nandan
Published: February 2020

A hydrodynamic model, with the incorporation of elasticity, is considered to study oblique incident waves propagating over a small undulation on an elastic bed in a two-layer fluid, where the upper layer fluid is bounded above by a rigid lid, which is an approximation to the free surface. Following the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation, the elastic bed is approximated as a thin elastic plate. The surface tension at the interface of the layers is completely ignored since its contribution will be minimal. The behavior and properties of the roots of the dispersion relation are analyzed using counting argument and contour plot. In this case, time-harmonic waves propagate with only one wavenumber. Considering an irrotational motion in an incompressible and inviscid fluid, and applying perturbation technique, the first-order corrections to the velocity potentials are evaluated by an appropriate application of Fourier transform and, subsequently, the corresponding reflection and transmission coefficients are computed through integrals containing a shape function which depicts the bottom undulation. To validate the theory developed, two particular undulating bottom topography are taken up as examples in order to evaluate the hydrodynamic coefficients which are represented through graphs. It is noted that the reflection coefficient shows an oscillatory pattern, when the wavenumber of the undulating bed takes a value almost double the wavenumber of the incident wave. When the ratio of the wavenumber of the undulating bed and the wavenumber of the incident wave approaches 2, the theory predicts existence of resonance between the undulating elastic bed and the interface of the layers. It is worthwhile to note that reflected wave energy of the incident wave is higher if the number of ripples of the bottom undulation is large. It is further noted that the reflected energy increases in response to an increase in the values of the elastic parameters of the ocean bed. The results for a patch of sinusoidal ripples having different wavenumbers are found to be similar. Further, the reflected energy decreases for an increase in the angle of incidence. It is noted that reasonable changes in elasticity, ripple wavenumber and the number of the ripples of the bed have a remarkable effect when the propagating wave passing through a channel encounters a small bottom undulation. When results are compared with the available results, good agreement is observed.
Belyi’s Theorems in Positive Characteristic
Authors: Anbar Nurdagül , Tutdere Seher
Published: February 2020

There are two types of Belyi’s Theorems for curves defined over finite fields of characteristic [Formula: see text], namely the Wild and the Tame [Formula: see text]-Belyi Theorems. In this paper, we discuss them in the language of function fields. In particular, we provide a constructive proof for the existence of a pseudo-tame element introduced in [Y. Sugiyama and S. Yasuda, Belyi’s theorem in characteristic two, Compos. Math. 156(2) (2020) 325–339], which leads to a self-contained proof for the Tame [Formula: see text]-Belyi Theorem. Moreover, we provide unified and simple proofs for Belyi’s Theorems unlike the known ones that use technical results from Algebraic Geometry.
Additive uniqueness of PRIMES − 1 for multiplicative functions
Authors: Park Poo-Sung
Published: February 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be the set of all primes. A function [Formula: see text] is called multiplicative if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text]. We show that a multiplicative function [Formula: see text] which satisfies [Formula: see text] satisfies one of the following:

(1) [Formula: see text] is the identity function, (2) [Formula: see text] is the constant function with [Formula: see text], (3) [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] unless [Formula: see text] is odd and squareful.

As a consequence, a multiplicative function which satisfies [Formula: see text] is the identity function.
Executive Function and Psychopathology: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective
Authors: Zelazo Philip David
Published: February 2020

Executive function (EF) skills are neurocognitive skills that support the reflective, top-down coordination and control of other brain functions, and there is neural and behavioral evidence for a continuum from more “cool” EF skills activated in emotionally neutral contexts to more “hot” EF skills needed for the reversal of motivationally significant tendencies. Difficulties in EF are transdiagnostic indicators of atypical development. A neurodevelopmental model traces the pathway from adverse childhood experiences and stress to disruption of the development of neural systems supporting reflection and EF skills to an increased risk for general features of psychopathology. Research indicates that EF skills can be cultivated through scaffolded training and are a promising target for therapeutic and preventive intervention. Intervention efficacy can be enhanced by mitigating disruptive bottom-up influences such as stress, training both hot and cool EF skills, and adding a reflective, metacognitive component to promote far transfer of trained skills.
Immunology in the Era of Single-Cell Technologies
Authors: Efremova Mirjana , Vento-Tormo Roser , Park Jong-Eun , Teichmann Sarah A. , James Kylie R.
Published: February 2020

Immune cells are characterized by diversity, specificity, plasticity, and adaptability—properties that enable them to contribute to homeostasis and respond specifically and dynamically to the many threats encountered by the body. Single-cell technologies, including the assessment of transcriptomics, genomics, and proteomics at the level of individual cells, are ideally suited to studying these properties of immune cells. In this review we discuss the benefits of adopting single-cell approaches in studying underappreciated qualities of immune cells and highlight examples where these technologies have been critical to advancing our understanding of the immune system in health and disease.
Neural Mechanisms of Itch
Authors: Lay Mark , Dong Xinzhong
Published: February 2020

Itch is a unique sensation that helps organisms scratch away external threats; scratching itself induces an immune response that can contribute to more itchiness. Itch is induced chemically in the peripheral nervous system via a wide array of receptors. Given the superficial localization of itch neuron terminals, cells that dwell close to the skin contribute significantly to itch. Certain mechanical stimuli mediated by recently discovered circuits also contribute to the itch sensation. Ultimately, in the spinal cord, and likely in the brain, circuits that mediate touch, pain, and itch engage in cross modulation. Much of itch perception is still a mystery, but we present in this review the known ligands and receptors associated with itch. We also describe experiments and findings from investigations into the spinal and supraspinal circuitry responsible for the sensation of itch.
Electron Transfer from Semiconductor Nanocrystals to Redox Enzymes
Authors: Utterback James K. , Ruzicka Jesse L. , Keller Helena R. , Pellows Lauren M. , Dukovic Gordana
Published: February 2020

This review summarizes progress in understanding electron transfer from photoexcited nanocrystals to redox enzymes. The combination of the light-harvesting properties of nanocrystals and the catalytic properties of redox enzymes has emerged as a versatile platform to drive a variety of enzyme-catalyzed reactions with light. Transfer of a photoexcited charge from a nanocrystal to an enzyme is a critical first step for these reactions. This process has been studied in depth in systems that combine Cd-chalcogenide nanocrystals with hydrogenases. The two components can be assembled in close proximity to enable direct interfacial electron transfer or integrated with redox mediators to transport charges. Time-resolved spectroscopy and kinetic modeling have been used to measure the rates and efficiencies of the electron transfer. Electron transfer has been described within the framework of Marcus theory, providing insights into the factors that can be used to control the photochemical activity of these biohybrid systems. The range of potential applications and reactions that can be achieved using nanocrystal–enzyme systems is expanding, and numerous fundamental and practical questions remain to be addressed.
The Maximum Caliber Variational Principle for Nonequilibria
Authors: Ghosh Kingshuk , Dixit Purushottam D. , Agozzino Luca , Dill Ken A.
Published: February 2020

Ever since Clausius in 1865 and Boltzmann in 1877, the concepts of entropy and of its maximization have been the foundations for predicting how material equilibria derive from microscopic properties. But, despite much work, there has been no equally satisfactory general variational principle for nonequilibrium situations. However, in 1980, a new avenue was opened by E.T. Jaynes and by Shore and Johnson. We review here maximum caliber, which is a maximum-entropy-like principle that can infer distributions of flows over pathways, given dynamical constraints. This approach is providing new insights, particularly into few-particle complex systems, such as gene circuits, protein conformational reaction coordinates, network traffic, bird flocking, cell motility, and neuronal firing.
Review—Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Batteries: From Nanocomposite to Nanohybrid
Authors: Boaretto Nicola , Meabe Leire , Martinez-Ibañez Maria , Armand Michel , Zhang Heng
Published: February 2020

Rechargeable batteries are becoming increasingly important for our daily life due to their strong capability of efficiently storing electric energy under chemical form. The replacement of conventional liquid electrolytes with polymer electrolytes (PEs) has been deemed as one of the most viable solutions towards safer and higher energy density electrochemical energy storage systems which are coveted for e-mobility applications (e.g., electric vehicles, EVs). In recent years, the introduction of inorganic materials into PEs has captured escalating interest, aiming at harmonizing advantages from both organic and inorganic phases. In this review, we present the progress and recent advances in PEs containing nano-sized inorganic materials, with due attention paid to the role of inorganic phases on the physical and chemical properties of the electrolytes. The paradigm shift from composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs, obtained by physical blending) to hybrid polymer electrolytes (HPEs, obtained by chemical grafting) is highlighted and the possible improvement and future directions in CPEs and HPEs are discussed.
Nanoscale Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy and Correlative Surface Structural Analysis to Map Anodic and Cathodic Reactions on Polycrystalline Zn in Acid Media
Authors: Shkirskiy V. , Yule L. C. , Daviddi E. , Bentley C. L. , Aarons J. , West G. , Unwin P. R.
Published: February 2020

Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is used to map anodic and cathodic processes on polycrystalline zinc in 10 mM H2SO4, at the nanoscale. Electrochemical maps are correlated directly with structural data from electron backscatter diffraction applied to the same regions of the surface, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to rationalize the data. Preliminary data on droplet stability with SECCM point measurements indicated that there was a significant spreading of the meniscus cell with an air atmosphere, attributed to changes in pH during the oxygen reduction reaction, compromising the lateral resolution of the SECCM measurement. Experiments with an argon atmosphere, as well as the application of a hydrophobic n-dodecane oil layer on the Zn interface, prevented spreading. Electrochemical maps of polycrystalline Zn surface under an Ar atmosphere indicated that the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and Zn electrodissolution on individual low-index grains decreased in the order

1
¯

2

1
¯

0

≥

01

1
¯

0

>

0001

.

DFT calculations revealed a correlation between experimental values of current associated with HER and Zn dissolution reactions and the predicted hydrogen adsorption and Zn dissolution energies on individual facets, respectively. This work further advances SECCM as a technique for probing electrified interfaces and demonstrates its applicability to reactive metals.
PEO-NaPF6 Blended Polymer Electrolyte for Solid State Sodium Battery
Authors: Zhang Qiangqiang , Lu Yaxiang , Yu Hao , Yang Gaojing , Liu Qiuyan , Wang Zhaoxiang , Chen Liquan , Hu Yong-Sheng
Published: February 2020

Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are proposed as promising candidates for application in sodium batteries to replace the organic liquid electrolytes for enhanced safety. In this study, we first verified the feasibility of PEO-NaPF6 SPE in solid-state sodium batteries (SSBs). The explored PEO-NaPF6 SPEs exhibit a relatively high ionic conductivity of ∼6.3 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 80 °C, a large Na+ transference number (t

Na+
) of 0.58, and sufficient thermal stability at around 200 °C for SSBs. More importantly, the PEO-NaPF6 SPEs afford excellent long-term cycling performances for the Na∣∣Na3V2(PO4)3@C cell at 80 °C (85.8% capacity retention at 2 C after 200 cycles) and the Na∣∣NaNi2/9Cu1/9Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cell at 80 °C (77% capacity retention at 0.5 C after 100 cycles). All of the properties make the PEO-NaPF6 SPE a potential alternative for application in SSBs.
Tenascin-C deficiency impairs alveolarization and microvascular maturation during postnatal lung development
Authors: Mund Sonja I. , Schittny Johannes C.
Published: February 2020

Previously, we showed that the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C takes part in prenatal lung development by controlling branching morphogenesis. Now we report that tenascin-C is also important during postnatal lung development, because tenascin-C deficiency delays the formation and maturation of the alveolar septa during not only classical but also continued alveolarization. Adult lungs are indistinguishable from wild type because of a catch-up formation of new septa.
Effects of myocardial function and systemic circulation on regional coronary perfusion
Authors: Namani Ravi , Lee Lik C. , Lanir Yoram , Kaimovitz Benjamin , Shavik Sheikh M. , Kassab Ghassan S.
Published: February 2020

We present a model of left ventricle perfusion based on an anatomically realistic coronary tree structure that includes its interaction with the systemic circulation. Left ventricular relaxation rate has a significant effect on the regional distribution of coronary flow and myocardial work.
Revisiting the Functional Anatomy of the Human Brain: Toward a Meta-Networking Theory of Cerebral Functions
Authors: Herbet Guillaume , Duffau Hugues
Published: February 2020

For more than one century, brain processing was mainly thought in a localizationist framework, in which one given function was underpinned by a discrete, isolated cortical area, and with a similar cerebral organization across individuals. However, advances in brain mapping techniques in humans have provided new insights into the organizational principles of anatomo-functional architecture. Here, we review recent findings gained from neuroimaging, electrophysiological, as well as lesion studies. Based on these recent data on brain connectome, we challenge the traditional, outdated localizationist view and propose an alternative meta-networking theory. This model holds that complex cognitions and behaviors arise from the spatiotemporal integration of distributed but relatively specialized networks underlying conation and cognition (e.g., language, spatial cognition). Dynamic interactions between such circuits result in a perpetual succession of new equilibrium states, opening the door to considerable interindividual behavioral variability and to neuroplastic phenomena. Indeed, a meta-networking organization underlies the uniquely human propensity to learn complex abilities, and also explains how postlesional reshaping can lead to some degrees of functional compensation in brain-damaged patients. We discuss the major implications of this approach in fundamental neurosciences as well as for clinical developments, especially in neurology, psychiatry, neurorehabilitation, and restorative neurosurgery.
Alterations of Bone Metabolism in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Safarova Sain S.
Published: February 2020

Aim. The study aims to develop a practical model for screening bone turnover state in patients with diabetes and evaluate its clinical usefulness to identify diabetic osteopathy. Materials. The study was conducted in 2015–2017 in the Endocrinology Department of the Therapeutic Clinic of AM University. A total of 235 patients were assessed in the study (98 with T1DM and 137 with T2DM). 89 nondiabetic subjects served as controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) [by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)] and serum markers of bone remodeling [aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type I (P1NP) and c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX)], parathyrin, and 25(OH)D were measured in all 235 patients. Results. Our results show that patients with T2DM have lower b-CTx values and relatively higher levels of P1NP, reflecting less pronounced changes in bone metabolism compared to patients with T1DM, regardless of age or duration of the disease. Osteoporosis was detected in 50% of patients with T1DM, compared to 13% of patients with T2DM. Conclusion. In some cases, bone remodeling markers are useful for improving the assessment of the state of bone tissue in early stages of diabetes, while alterations in bone microarchitecture may not always be captured by bone mineral density measurements.
The Untimely Popping Phial: Poppers as an Unusual Cause of Skin Corrosion of the Thigh
Authors: Moret Fabienne , Lindner Gregor , Woitok Bertram K.
Published: February 2020

Background. Alkyl nitrites or “poppers” are widely used as sex-drugs due to their aphrodisiac and muscle relaxant effects. We describe the rare case of a large-sized dermatitis after direct skin contact with the poppers-fluid in a poppers user. Case Presentation. A 52-year-old patient presented to the emergency department due to burning pain on his proximal right thigh and scrotum. Clinical examination showed an 8 × 5 cm measuring burning wound resembling lesion. During further history the patient mentioned that the day before presentation a “poppers” phial unintentionally opened in his pocket and the fluid leaked. Conclusions. The present case shows severe skin defects after skin-contact with alkyl nitrates in a “poppers” user. Maculopathy and methemoglobinemia are prominent unwanted side effects of “poppers” use. However, our report demonstrates that attention should also be paid to potential harm for the skin.
Brain Abscess Secondary to a Dental Infection
Authors: Costa Mendes Léonor , Vaysse Frédéric , Maret Delphine
Published: February 2020

The risk of a brain abscess is a complication of odontogenic infection that is rarely considered by physicians and little spoken of, yet treating dental infections may avoid a potentially life-threatening condition. We report a case of 7-year-old boy with a brain abscess secondary to a dental infection. He was immediately taken to the operating theatre for drainage and cleaning of the abscess. A dental examination revealed root abscesses on temporary molars, which were extracted under general anaesthetic. Two months after his admission, the child was switched to oral antibiotherapy and could return home. A brain abscess represents a life-threatening disease. Childhood brain abscess is uncommon but may be encountered by all physicians and students as a clinical emergency. It is indispensable that physicians finding symptoms similar to those in this case study refer the patient for emergency care and that possible dental foci of infection be assessed, whether or not the patient is being followed for dental care.
Myofascial Trigger Points Therapy Modifies Thermal Map of Gluteal Region
Authors: Onik Grzegorz , Kasprzyk Teresa , Knapik Katarzyna , Wieczorek Karolina , Sieroń Dominik , Sieroń Aleksander , Cholewka Armand , Sieroń Karolina
Published: February 2020

Background. Thermal imaging may be effectively used in musculoskeletal system diagnostics and therapy evaluation; thus, it may be successfully applied in myofascial trigger points assessment. Objective. Investigation of thermal pattern changes after myofascial trigger points progressive compression therapy in healthy males and females. Methods. The study included 30 healthy people (15 females and 15 males) with age range 19–34 years (mean age: 23.1 ± 4.21). Thermograms of myofascial trigger points were taken pre‐ and posttherapy and consecutively in the 15th and 30th minutes. Pain reproducible by palpation intensity was assessed with numeric rating scale. Results. Progressive compression therapy leads to myofascial trigger points temperature (p = 0.02) and surface (p = 0.01) in males. In females no statistically significant changes were observed. Manual treatment leads to a decrease in intensity of pain reproducible by palpation in males (p = 0.03) and females (p = 0.048). Conclusions. The study indicates that myofascial trigger points reaction to applied therapy spreads in time and space and depends on participants’ sex.
Mixed-Mode Oscillation in a Class of Delayed Feedback System and Multistability Dynamic Response
Authors: Qian Youhua , Meng Wenjing
Published: February 2020

In this paper, a class of two-parameter mixed-mode oscillation with time delay under the action of amplitude modulation is studied. The investigation is from four aspects. Firstly, a parametric equation is considered as a slow variable. By the time-history diagram and phase diagram, we can find that the system generates a cluster discovery image. Secondly, the Euler method is used to discrete the system and obtain the discrete equation. Thirdly, the dynamic characteristics of the system at different time scales are discussed when the ratio of the natural frequency and the excitation frequency of the system is integer and noninteger. Fourthly, we discuss the influence of time delay on the discovery of clusters of this kind of system. The research shows that the time lag does not interfere with the influence of the cluster image, but the dynamics of the upper and lower parts of the oscillation in each period will be delayed. So, we can improve peak performance by adjusting the time lag and obtain the desired peak. Finally, we explore the multistate dynamic response of a two-dimensional nonautonomous Duffing system with higher order. According to bifurcation diagram and time-history curve, bistable state will appear in the system within the critical range. With the gradual increase of parameters, the chaotic attractor will suddenly disappear which will lead to the destruction of the bistable state.
Development and Usability Testing of an Emergency Alert Device for Elderly People and People with Disabilities
Authors: Lersilp Suchitporn , Putthinoi Supawadee , Lerttrakarnnon Peerasak , Silsupadol Patima
Published: February 2020

The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an emergency alert device for elderly people and people with disabilities by usability testing. There were two phases in this study: (1) development of a prototype for an emergency alert device and (2) usability testing of the device. Results presented development of the prototype, which comprised parts for sending and receiving signals. There were two kinds of alarms for emergency calls known as conscious and unconscious alerts. Participants in the usability testing phase included 12 specialists and 161 users that comprised 146 elderly people or people with disabilities and 15 caregivers or community health volunteers. The instruments used were a rating scale, usability checklist, and individual interviews regarding the usability, general appearance, and use of the device. The users agreed with the overall aspects regarding usability of the device, its general appearance, and use (X¯ ± SD = 4.24 ± 0.88, 4.11 ± 0.90, and 4.37 ± 0.83, respectively). Most of the participants, both specialists and users, gave their perspectives on improving the size, color of the letters displayed, type of wristband, and method for sending signals.
Resveratrol Modifies Lipid Composition of Two Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Gomes Luciana , Viana Leidiane , Silva Jerson L. , Mermelstein Claudia , Atella Georgia , Fialho Eliane
Published: February 2020

Resveratrol (Resv) offers health benefits in cancer and has been reported to modulate important enzymes of lipid metabolism. Studies of its effects on lipid composition in different subtypes of breast‐cancer cells are scarce. Thus, we investigated the alterations in phospholipids (PL), fatty acids (FA), and lipid metabolism enzymes in two breast‐cancer cell lines after Resv treatment. MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells were treated with 80 and 200 μM of Resv, respectively, for 24 hours. We analyzed PL with radiolabeled inorganic phosphate (32Pi) by thin‐layer chromatography, FA by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and lipid metabolism enzymes (DGAT2, FAS, ρACCβ, pAMPKα, and AMPK) by Western blot. Resv treated MDA‐MB‐231 phospholipids showed a reduction in phosphatidylcholine (63%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (35%). We observed an increase in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (73%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (65%) in MCF‐7 cells after Resv treatment. Interestingly, the same treatment caused 50% and 90% increases in EPA and DHA, respectively, in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In MCF‐7 cells, Resv increased the expression of ρACCβ (3.3‐fold) and AMPKα/ρAMPKα (1.5‐fold) and in MDA‐MB‐231 cells it inhibited the expression of ρACCβ (111.8‐fold) and AMPKα/ρAMPKα (1.2 fold). Our results show that Resv modified PL and saturated and unsaturated FA especially in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, and open new perspectives to the understanding of the reported anticancer effect of Resv on these cells.
Commercial Cannabinoid Oil-Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Authors: Yin Han Y. , Hadjokas Nicholas , Mirchia Kanish , Swan Robert , Alpert Samuel
Published: February 2020

Purpose. To report an unusual presentation of commercial cannabidiol (CBD) oil-induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS-TEN). Methods. A 56-year-old woman presented with acute onset of a diffuse, blistering, maculopapular rash with over 30% total body surface area (BSA) involvement two days after taking CBD oil sublingually for chronic pain. Biopsy confirmed SJS-TEN. Ophthalmology was consulted and mild eye involvement was found. She was started on topical cyclosporine, prednisone, moxifloxacin, and erythromycin ointment to prevent progression, which was successful. She was otherwise treated with supportive therapy in the intensive care burn unit and ultimately passed away from septic shock. Conclusion. In this case, we described an unusual drug-induced SJS from a commercial, non-FDA-regulated cannabis product. The use of a commercial CBD product should be cautioned due to potential for series of drug reactions to the cannabis product and the risk for reaction to other unregulated other pharmacological components.
RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway: A Mechanism Involved in Exercise‐Induced Bone Remodeling
Authors: Tobeiha Mohammad , Moghadasian Mohammed H. , Amin Negin , Jafarnejad Sadegh
Published: February 2020

Bones as an alive organ consist of about 70% mineral and 30% organic component. About 200 million people are suffering from osteopenia and osteoporosis around the world. There are multiple ways of protecting bone from endogenous and exogenous risk factors. Planned physical activity is another useful way for protecting bone health. It has been investigated that arranged exercise would effectively regulate bone metabolism. Until now, a number of systems have discovered how exercise could help bone health. Previous studies reported different mechanisms of the effect of exercise on bone health by modulation of bone remodeling. However, the regulation of RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway in exercise and physical performance as one of the most important remodeling systems is not considered comprehensive in previous evidence. Therefore, the aim of this review is to clarify exercise influence on bone modeling and remodeling, with a concentration on its role in regulating RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway.
De novo Transcriptome Reveals Gene Changes in the Development of the Endosperm Chalazal Haustorium in Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser
Authors: Wei Shugen , Wan Lingyun , He Lili , Wei Ying , Long Hairong , Ji Xiaowen , Fu Jine , Pan Limei
Published: February 2020

Loranthus (Taxillus chinensis) is a facultative, hemiparasite and stem parasitic plant that attacks other plants for living. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were applied in this study to identify the gene expression profiles of fresh seeds (CK), baby (FB), and adult haustoria tissues (FD). We assembled 160,571 loranthus genes, of which 64,926, 35,417, and 47,249 were aligned to NR, GO, and KEGG pathway databases, respectively. We identified 14,295, 15,921, and 16,402 genes in CK, FB, and FD, respectively. We next identified 5,480 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the process, of which 258, 174, 81, and 94 were encoding ribosomal proteins (RP), transcription factors (TF), ubiquitin, and disease resistance proteins, respectively. Some DEGs were identified to be upregulated along with the haustoria development (e.g., 68 RP and 26 ubiquitin genes). Notably, 36 RP DEGs peak at FB; 10 ER, 5 WRKY, 6 bHLH, and 4 MYB TF genes upregulated only in FD. Further, we identified 4 out of 32 microRNA genes dysregulated in the loranthus haustoria development. This is the first haustoria transcriptome of loranthus, and our findings will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of haustoria.
Improving Packet Delivery Performance in Water Column Variations through LOCAN in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network
Authors: A Rajeswari , N Duraipandian , NR Shanker , Samuel Betty Elezebeth
Published: February 2020

This paper proposes Lion Optimized Cognitive Acoustic Network (LOCAN) to reduce packet delay and packet loss during packet transmission in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network (UWASN). Packet delay and packet loss in UWASN are because of water column variations such as Doppler effect and geometric spreading (GS). Doppler effect forms due to sensor node’s motion and sea surface variations such as salinity and temperature. Geometric spreading (GS) occurs due to sediment drift wave fronts and frequent changes in node’s location and depth. Water column variations change the amplitude of sound propagation, causing channel coherence and multipath interference, which affect packet transmission. The existing UWASN algorithms focus only on temperature and salinity variations. In LOCAN, channel selection through Lion Optimization Algorithm solves the problems of water column variation and improves the battery life, network lifetime, and throughput. The proposed algorithms show a better result in terms of efficiency, when compared to existing UWASN algorithms.
Inflatable Leading Edge-Based Dynamic Stall Control considering Fluid-Structure Interaction
Authors: Xing Shi-Long , Xu He-Yong , Ma Ming-Sheng , Ye Zheng-Yin
Published: February 2020

The inflatable leading edge (ILE) is explored as a dynamic stall control concept. A fluid-structure interaction (FSI) numerical method for the elastic membrane structure is constructed based on unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and a mass-spring-damper (MSD) structural dynamic model. Radial basis function- (RBF-) based mesh deformation algorithm and Laplacian and optimization-based mesh smoothing algorithm are adopted in flowfield simulations to achieve the pitching oscillation of the airfoil and to ensure the mesh quality. An airfoil is considered at a freestream Mach number of 0.3 and chord-based Reynolds number of 3.92×106. The airfoil is pitched about its quarter-chord axis at a sinusoidal motion. The numerical results indicate that the ILE can change the radius of curvature of the airfoil leading edge, which could reduce the streamwise adverse pressure gradient and suppress the formation of dynamic stall vortex (DSV). Although the maximum lift coefficient of the airfoil is slightly reduced during the control process, the maximum drag and pitching moment coefficients of the airfoil are greatly reduced by up to 66% and 75.2%, respectively. The relative position of the ILE has a significant influence on its control effect. The control laws of inflation and deflation also affect the control ability of the ILE.
Herbaspirillum Infection in Humans: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Dhital Rashmi , Paudel Anish , Bohra Nidrit , Shin Ann K.
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Herbaspirillum seropedicae are Gram-negative oxidase-positive nonfermenting rods of Betaproteobacteria class, commonly found in rhizosphere. More recently, some Herbaspirillium species have transitioned from environment to human hosts, mostly as opportunistic (pathogenic) bacteria. We present a 58-year-old female with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who presented with pneumonia and was found to have Herbaspirillum seropedicae bacteremia. Case History. A 58-year-old woman with NSCLC on Pralsetinib presented with fevers and rigors for 2 days. Coarse breath sounds were auscultated on the right upper lung field. Labs revealed leukopenia and mild neutropenia. CT chest revealed right upper lobe pneumonia. She was admitted for sepsis secondary to pneumonia and placed on broad spectrum antibiotics with intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin. The patient continued to have fever 2 days after admission (max: 102.8°F). Preliminary blood cultures grew Gram-negative rods. The patient continued to have temperature spikes on the 3rd day of antibiotics (Tmax 101.5°F). Blood cultures revealed oxidase-positive nonfermenting rods. The patient’s antibiotic was changed to IV meropenem on the 4th day of hospitalization. Ultimately, on the seventh day of hospitalization, the blood culture was confirmed from outside lab as Herbaspirillum seropedicae. The patient started feeling better and defervesced after about 24 hours. Discussion. More recently, Herbaspirillum spp. have been recovered from humans. Our patient had Herbaspirillum bacteremia, and reported regularly cleaning her pond and weeding her garden with possible exposure to this environmental proteobacterium. Herbaspirillum may be more prevalent than earlier thought owing to misidentification. With the institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, the outcomes seem mostly favorable.
The Application of Gail Model to Predict the Risk of Developing Breast Cancer among Jordanian Women
Authors: Abdel-Razeq Hikmat , Zaru Luna , Badheeb Ahmed , Hijjawi Shadi
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives. Breast cancer has been the most common cancer affecting women in Jordan. In the process of implementing breast cancer prevention and early detection programs, individualized risk assessment can add to the cost-effectiveness of such interventions. Gail model is a widely used tool to stratify patients into different risk categories. However, concerns about its applicability across different ethnic groups do exist. In this study, we report our experience with the application of a modified version of this model among Jordanian women. Methods. The Gail risk assessment model (RAM) was modified and used to calculate the 5-year and lifetime risk for breast cancer. Patients with known breast cancer were used to test this model. Medical records and hospital database were utilized to collect information on known risk factors. The mean calculated risk score for women tested was 0.65. This number, which corresponds to the Gail original score of 1.66, was used as a cutoff point to categorize patients as high risk. Results. A total of 1786 breast cancer patients with a mean age of 50 (range: 19–93) years were included. The modified version of the Gail RAM was applied on 1213 patients aged 35–59.9 years. The mean estimated risk for developing invasive breast cancer over the following five years was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.56), and the lifetime risk was 3.42 (95% CI: 3.30, 3.53). Only 210 (17.3%) women had a risk score >0.65 and thus categorized as high risk. First-degree family history of breast cancer was identified among 120 (57.1%) patients in this high-risk group. Conclusions. Among a group of patients with an established diagnosis of breast cancer, a modified Gail risk assessment model would have been able to stratify only 17% into the high-risk category. The family history of breast cancer contributed the most to the risk score.
Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma in a Young Pregnant Woman
Authors: Ibargüengoitia Ochoa Francisco , Miranda Dévora Gerardo , Silva Lino Leonardo , Sepulveda Rivera Cintia , González Vázquez Diego , Pérez Quintanilla Milagros
Published: February 2020

Colorectal cancer during pregnancy is one of the less common neoplasms with an incidence of 0.8 in 100,000 pregnancies. Primary colonic signet ring cell carcinoma is a weird variety, characterized by a poor histologic differentiation, with a high morbidity-mortality rate. The case of a 24-year-old patient with a 22-week-old pregnancy and colorectal cancer stage IV in palliative state is presented, with a devastating result. Early diagnosis represents a challenge because of the presentation form and the histologic aggressiveness of this disease. We suggest that colorectal cancer during pregnancy must be treated by a multidisciplinary team.