bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symmetrical demodulation method for the phase recovery of extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometric sensors
Authors: Jia Jingshan , Jiang Yi , Huang Junbin , Hu Jie , Jiang Lan
Published: March 2020

A symmetrical demodulation method is developed for the recovery of dynamic signals. Extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometers (EFPIs) with different cavity lengths can be interrogated by a same demodulator. In the demodulation technique, three interferometric signals are introduced by selecting three specified laser wavelength, two of the three signals are symmetrical about the third signal. The dynamic signal is recovered by the proposed method from the three interferometric signals. EFPI sensors in a wide cavity length range (>1000 µm) can be demodulated without dead zone. The calculated amplitude error of the demodulated signal is less than 0.25% with the cavity length in the 20-1005 µm range. The proposed demodulation technique is adapted to the measurement of EFPIs with unsteady cavity lengths and unknown cavity lengths.
Dual-optofluidic waveguide in-line fiber biosensor for real-time label-free detection of interferon-gamma with temperature compensation
Authors: Gao Ran , Lu Danfeng , Guo Dong , Xin Xiangjun
Published: March 2020

Temperature cross-sensitivity is a long-standing challenge for most of the in-line fiber optofluidic waveguide biosensors. In this paper, we propose a dual-optofluidic waveguide antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) biosensor for the detection of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) concentration with temperature compensation. Two Fabry-Perot resonators infiltrated with IFN-γ and NaCl were formed in a hollow core fiber, which generate two resonance dips based on the ARROW model. The optical biosensor for the detection of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) has been a key research interest in recent years because IFN-γ is an important early biomarker for many serious human diseases. Based on the dual-optofluidic waveguide ARROW biosensor, the IFN-γ concentration can be measured through the modulation of the resonance condition of the ARROW, while the temperature fluctuation can be eliminated due to same thermo-optic coefficients of two infiltration liquids. The experimental results show that the response of the ARROW biosensor can be amplified significantly with the signal-enhanced streptavidin, and the limit of detection of 0.5 ng/ml can be achieved for the IFN-γ concentration. More importantly, the influence of the temperature could be compensated through the referenced resonance dip. The proposed fiber biosensor has a great potential for the real-time detection of IFN-γ concentrations in the fields of health monitoring, cancer prevention, biological engineering, etc.
Origin and effect of film sub-stoichiometry on ultraviolet, ns-laser damage resistance of hafnia single layers
Authors: Harthcock Colin , Qiu S. Roger , Mirkarimi Paul B. , Negres Raluca A. , Guss Gabe , Menor Marlon G. , Bhowmik Gourav , Huang Mengbing
Published: March 2020

Understanding the origin of laser damage-prone precursors in high index materials such as hafnia holds the key to the development of laser damage-resistant multilayer dielectric coated optics for high power and energy laser systems. In this study, we investigate the source of sub-stoichiometry, a potent laser damage precursor, in hafnia films produced by an ion beam sputtering (IBS) deposition method and the effect of such defects on the film performance upon ns ultraviolet (UV) laser (8 ns, 355 nm) exposure. Chemical analysis of data obtained via Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) suggests that hafnia films deposited at two different planetary locations from the same deposition run exhibit anisotropic and location-dependent stoichiometries. While the oxygen-to-hafnium ratio is at the stoichiometric value of 2 for the hafnia film at the edge location, the ratio is significantly deviated and is 1.7 for that deposited at the planetary center. The sub-stoichiometric hafnia films display a much lower 1-on-1 damage onset at 1.6 ± 0.2 J/cm2 compared to 2.3 ± 0.2 J/cm2 in a stoichiometric film. The low damage performance films also have an over three times higher damage density at fluences above initiation. Coupled with Monte Carlo simulations, we reveal that sub-stoichiometry is primarily attributed to preferential removal of oxygen during film deposition by the bombardment of energetic reflected argon neutrals. The resulting oxygen deficiencies create the sub-bandgap states which facilitate the strong laser energy coupling and reduce the resistance to laser-induced damage in the hafnia single layer films.
Wildly Oscillating Molecules: Technological mediation of the atomic force microscope
Authors: Rassell Andrea
Published: March 2020

The human sensory experience of submolecular phenomena is only possible through complex technological mediations that include not just magnifications, but also manipulations of time and translations from one sense to another. In my creative moving image project Wildly Oscillating Molecules, I develop strategies for using an atomic force microscope (AFM) as a cinematographic instrument, specifically using its tactile mechanisms to generate video. Using the AFM over four years to generate experimental moving image installations, I examine my physical and psychological experiences of this nanoscientific instrumentation. Although referred to by the philosopher of technology Don Ihde, the AFM's style of technological mediation has not been subjectively explored. Working to engage with an infinitesimal scale, the AFM has a unique style of spatial and temporal mediation that can be manipulated through the post-production and exhibition practices of the moving image. Wildly Oscillating Molecules provides insight into how the AFM influences human spatial and temporal perception of nanoscale phenomena and provides a new framework with which to analyse nanoscientific imaging practices. Understanding the nuances of technological mediation encourages science artists working with submolecular phenomena to adopt, evolve or transform properties of technological mediation when presenting their work to an audience.
Art in the era of ecocentrism
Authors: Venturelli Suzete , Reis Artur , Delmondes Nycacia , Hargreaves Prahlada , Martins Tainá
Published: March 2020

This article describes activities carried out at the computational art laboratory and discusses a question about place. To think of place as the place of universal, it’s ground, the place where you live, it isn’t only a residence place, a construction of exploration, but also the planet as a possible place of survival. Therefore, we will present artworks that, in the name of a conception inspired by ecocentrism, propose to eliminate the ontological and axiological difference between all living beings and, for this reason, considers the biosphere as an important biotic unit in the context of artworks. Here the development of affective computer interfaces that seek to promote interactions is also described: a process by which an external or an internal stimulus causes a specific reaction, producing a perception, considering that the idea, in the Deleuzian and Guattarian sense, goes through creative activities. The idea arises in three distinct forms: in the philosophical context, in the form of concepts and in visual production. We describe below the results of collaborative research that has in common the poetics of interactivity between living beings and machines through graphical and machine interfaces, provided by computational processes and methods that approach several ideas involving affective mapping, body, nature and artificial life.
Organic technique: The formation of a new type of human–technique–nature relationship as exemplified in bamboo construction
Authors: Solanilla Medina Y. M. , Mamchenkov D. V.
Published: March 2020

This article demonstrates the possibilities and problems of the formation of a new type of human–technique–nature relationship – the organic technique – in modern civilization. It is a relationship in which neither human nor nature must adapt to the needs of technology; rather, the technique is embedded in nature and becomes 'human-sized'. We can find a model for building this new type of relationship in the construction of buildings from bamboo. The uniqueness of bamboo as a building material manifests in two ways. The first relates to resources: bamboo is a very fast-growing plant, so cutting it's stem does not destroy the plant itself and in three to four years there is a new 'harvest'. This means bamboo has an extremely low cost, which is critical for developing countries with rapidly growing populations. Second, bamboo has a number of architectural advantages. Due to the flexibility and elasticity of this product, bamboo buildings are earthquake resistant. Such structures do not violate the natural landscape, but instead work with it; they are characterized by low cost and ease of construction, in a variety of forms. This has led to the widespread use of bamboo by leading architects and innovators from different countries. This article shows that the application of bamboo in architecture – as opposed to artificial materials such as concrete, which exploit and destroy nature and impose their forms on cultures – helps this building technique to integrate into the life of ecosystems and society, and thus to become a model of harmonizing human–technique–nature relations.
Not rational, but not brutely causal either: A reply to Fodor on concept acquisition
Authors: Antony Louise
Published: March 2020

Jerry Fodor has argued that concept acquisition cannot be a psychological or “rational-causal” process, but can only be a “brute-causal” process of acquisition. This position generates the “doorknob --> DOORKNOB” problem: why are concepts typically acquired on the basis of experience with items in their extensions? I argue that Fodor’s taxonomy of causal processes needs supplementation, and characterize a third type: what I call “intelligible-causal processes.” Armed with this new category I present what I regard as a better response than Fodor’s to the doorknob --> DOORKNOB problem.
Las representaciones de los futuros profesores sobre los usos de la tecnología en la escuela. Un estudio narrativo
Authors: Paredes Labra Joaquín , Freitas Cortina Ada
Published: March 2020

En un contexto de imposición de la incorporación de tecnologías digitales en los centros educativos, el pensamiento pedagógico de los maestros todavía se presenta disociado de la aplicación de las tecnologías educativas. Este trabajo tiene el propósito de analizar y comprender cómo una propuesta aparentemente benéfica, como la de la utilización de la tecnología educativa en las escuelas, tiene un predicamento marcadamente negativo entre muchos docentes. Esto se pone de manifiesto particularmente en la formación inicial de los maestros. A partir de un enfoque narrativo de la experiencia de los estudiantes de la educación, se trata de identificar el tipo de relato con el que se ha acompañado y que se le ha asignado popularmente a la tecnología en las escuelas, que impide la puesta en marcha de una narración alternativa de las posibilidades de una escuela con tecnología. Una investigación narrativa de carácter cualitativo se pone en marcha aplicando la técnica de grupo focal a una acción educativa donde, junto a grupos de futuros profesionales de la educación, futuros maestros y tecnólogos educativos, se recuperan sus imaginarios de la tecnología en el tipo de película comercial que les hace evocar el concepto. Se realizaron tres técnicas de esta naturaleza en otros tantos grupos de clase durante los cursos 18-19 y 19-20 con un total de 73 estudiantes de ambos sexos de una universidad española. Mediante su análisis, se recogen cuatro relatos populares sobre la tecnología educativa: humanista, maquinista, cientifista y futurista. A la luz de estos relatos que se encarnan en diversos imaginarios escolares, basados en la tradición de la propia escuela y la universidad, se pone de manifiesto una nueva narrativa humanista que combina aspectos cientifistas y futuristas, que podría ayudar a repensar las posibilidades de las tecnologías dentro de una educación alternativa
Studying strands polarity of different viroids and their combinations in infected hop plants
Authors: SEČNIK Andrej , RADIŠEK Sebastjan , ŠTAJNER Nataša , JAKŠE Jernej
Published: March 2020

Hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) is an important industrial crop, grown for harvesting hop cones however, it is a host to four different viroids as well. The nature of viroid infections is not entirely clarified. In our work, we focused on analyzing viroid accumulation and their strands polarity through RNA sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in real time. RNA-seq data indicate that viroids amplify until saturation further demonstrating plant's biological capacity. Negative fold changes in accumulation of individual viroids between hop samples with single and multiple infections are suggesting an antagonistic relationship amongst viroids, where citrus bark cracking viroid seems to be the least and hop stunt viroid the most sensitive to the other two. RNA-seq data also show that on average (−) viroid strand is dominating over (+), especially for the citrus bark cracking viroid. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in real time results from strand polarity analysis seem to be less consistent between different combinations of infection but are showing level of conformity with RNA-seq in the case of citrus bark cracking viroid.
Krakowska oprawa księgi Jana Korzboka Witkowskiego ze zbiorów Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie
Authors: Muraszko Michał
Published: March 2020

W komunikacie zaprezentowano oprawę zbioru listów św. Hieronima ze Strydonu, wydanych w trzech tomach w 1524 roku w bazylejskiej oficynie Jana Frobena. Pierwotnym posiadaczem woluminu był Jan Korzbok Witkowski (zm. 1572), którego superekslibrisami (herbowym i napisowym) opatrzono jej dolną okładzinę. Oprawę księgi wykonano w 1527 roku w warsztacie Macieja z Przasnysza (Mistrza Główek Anielskich). Jest ona stosunkowo wczesnym przykładem egzemplarza udekorowanego w typie architektonicznym z motywem portalu z tympanonem. Stanowi przy tym reprezentatywny przykład ukazujący wpływ introligatorstwa włoskiego na tę gałąź polskiego rzemiosła w pierwszej połowie XVI wieku.
Digitale Workflows, struktury, usługi serwisowe i perspektywy wewnątrz polsko-niemieckiego systemu bibliotecznego na Uniwersytecie Europejskim Viadrina
Authors: Happel Hans-Gerd
Published: March 2020

W artykule omówiono na kilku przykładach wieloletnią, wykraczającą poza granice (państwowe) współpracę Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu, Biblioteki Collegium Polonicum w Słubicach i Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej we Frankfurcie nad Odrą. W rezultacie można stwierdzić, że użytkownikom po obu stronach Odry oferuje się stale rozwijany obszerny serwis cyfrowy. Na tej bazie wszystkie trzy biblioteki będą nadal współpracować na zasadach partnerskich i podejmować następne wyzwania, takie jak wprowadzenie przyjaznego dla użytkownika systemu przeszukiwania treści czasopism (Discovery-System).
Kurator, kuratela, kuracja? Bibliotekarz wśród naukowców w pięćdziesiąt lat po „lekarzu wiedzy” Władysława Piaseckiego
Authors: Hollender Henryk
Published: March 2020

Z porównań bibliotekarstwa z innymi zawodami wynika odkrywanie w nim jego nowych cech i zadań. Choć „lekarz wiedzy” był koncepcją mówiącą raczej o potrzebie prestiżu i pozycji społecznej niż o istocie zawodu bibliotekarza, idee lekarskich możliwości działania i lekarskiej odpowiedzialności za pacjenta mogą mieć coś wspólnego ze współczesną potrzebą wdrażania procesów „kuratorowanych”, to znaczy wymagających wyjątkowo wnikliwej znajomości przedmiotu i zróżnicowanych metod zarządzania. Dotyczy to wszelkich pól związanych z obiegiem informacji. Za pomocą dwóch dobranych dla przykładu, skomplikowanych tekstów naukowych i wskazaniu, jak może odbywać się wokół nich publiczna dyskusja, w artykule próbuję rozpoznać kluczowe punkty, w których bez mediacji bibliotekarza nauka może generować nieporozumienia lub ulegać marginalizacji. Proponuję też dostrzegać przejawy kuratorowania w różnych działaniach podejmowanych już przez bibliotekarzy. Tekst jest wezwaniem do wzmocnienia naukoznawczych kompetencji bibliotekarzy, szczególnie ze względu na potrzebę rozwijania nauki interdyscyplinarnej i sprawowania opieki nad badaniami, prowadzonymi przez wieloosobowe zespoły, oraz nad tekstami pisanymi zbiorowo przez kilku autorów.
Laboratory-related issues in the measurement of cardiac troponins with highly sensitive assays
Authors: Krintus Magdalena , Panteghini Mauro
Published: March 2020

A number of assay-related issues can affect the performance of cardiac troponin (cTn) measurement in everyday practice. In this respect, it is vital that all information on cTn assays is known and that the performance characteristics of assays are objectively assessed and adequately described. The advent of the latest generation of more sensitive cTn assays has heralded a new wave of information about low concentrations of cTn in blood. These recent generation assays have improved analytical sensitivity and corresponding performance at low cTn concentrations when compared to their predecessors, providing a convincing goal for laboratory medicine in helping clinicians in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Crucial to the clinical utility of highly sensitive cTn assays is the laboratorians’ role in closely scrutinizing proposed assays and defining their value in relation to available evidence. Analytical, as well as pre-analytical and post-analytical, aspects must be documented. In this review, we describe what laboratory professionals should know about their cTn assay performance characteristics and the pre-analytical prerequisites for robustness to ensure optimal post-analytical reporting.
Prenatal and postnatal imaging of an intrapericardial teratoma
Authors: Alnoman Abdullah , Spiegel Efrat , Bernier Pierre-Luc , Brown Richard
Published: March 2020

Background

Intrapericardial teratomas are rare tumors arising from all three germinal layers. They are mostly benign but can lead to life-threatening complications.

Case presentation

A 38-year-old woman with an in vitro fertilization (IVF) conception had a normal fetal anatomical survey at 20 weeks of gestation. At 32 weeks, during evaluation for decreased fetal movements and gestational diabetes, the fetus was found to have a unilateral right pleural effusion, a large pericardial effusion with an 18 × 16 × 17 mm-sized cystic intrapericardial mass and ventricular dysfunction with associated, significant, polyhydramnios. Echocardiography was suggestive of a teratoma which was confirmed by pathology after postnatal surgery.

Conclusion

Early prenatal diagnosis and appropriate monitoring during pregnancy are important to optimize outcome, however, even though antenatal intervention may improve the outcome in cases with hydrops, in utero mortality remains high.
Design Thinking in Education: Perspectives, Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Panke Stefanie
Published: March 2020

The article discusses design thinking as a process and mindset for collaboratively finding solutions for wicked problems in a variety of educational settings. Through a systematic literature review the article organizes case studies, reports, theoretical reflections, and other scholarly work to enhance our understanding of the purposes, contexts, benefits, limitations, affordances, constraints, effects and outcomes of design thinking in education. Specifically, the review pursues four questions: (1) What are the characteristics of design thinking that make it particularly fruitful for education? (2) How is design thinking applied in different educational settings? (3) What tools, techniques and methods are characteristic for design thinking? (4) What are the limitations or negative effects of design thinking? The goal of the article is to describe the current knowledge base to gain an improved understanding of the role of design thinking in education, to enhance research communication and discussion of best practice approaches and to chart immediate avenues for research and practice.
Investigation on the Use of a Spacetime Formalism for Modeling and Numerical Simulations of Heat Conduction Phenomena
Authors: Al Nahas Roula , Charles Alexandre , Panicaud Benoît , Rouhaud Emmanuelle , Choucair Israa , Saliya Kanssoune , Kerner Richard
Published: March 2020

The question of frame-indifference of the thermomechanical models has to be addressed to deal correctly with the behavior of matter undergoing finite transformations. In this work, we propose to test a spacetime formalism to investigate the benefits of the covariance principle for application to covariant modeling and numerical simulations for finite transformations. Several models especially for heat conduction are proposed following this framework and next compared to existing models. This article also investigates numerical simulations using the heat equation with two different thermal dissipative models for heat conduction, without thermomechanical couplings. The numerical comparison between the spacetime thermal models derived in this work and the corresponding Newtonian thermal models, which adds the time as a discretized variable, is also performed through an example to investigate their advantages and drawbacks.
Magnetic and electric Mie-exciton polaritons in silicon nanodisks
Authors: Todisco Francesco , Malureanu Radu , Wolff Christian , Gonçalves P. A. D. , Roberts Alexander S. , Mortensen N. Asger , Tserkezis Christos
Published: March 2020

Light-matter interactions at the nanoscale constitute a fundamental ingredient for engineering applications in nanophotonics and quantum optics. In this regard, Mie resonances supported by high-refractive index dielectric nanoparticles have recently attracted interest, due to their lower losses and better control over the scattering patterns compared to their plasmonic counterparts. The emergence of several resonances in high-refractive index dielectric nanoparticles results in an overall high complexity, where the electric and magnetic dipoles can show a significant spectral overlap, especially at optical frequencies, thus hindering possible light-matter coupling mechanisms arising in the optical spectrum. This behavior can be properly adjusted by using non-spherical geometries, an approach that has already been successfully exploited to tune directional scattering from dielectric nanoresonators. Here, by using cylindrical nanoparticles, we show, experimentally and theoretically, the emergence of peak splitting for both magnetic and electric dipole resonances of individual silicon nanodisks coupled to a J-aggregated organic semiconductor. In the two cases, we find that the different character of the involved resonances leads to different light-matter coupling regimes. Crucially, our results show that the observed energy splittings are of the same order of magnitude as the ones reported using similar plasmonic systems, thereby confirming dielectric nanoparticles as promising alternatives for localized strong coupling studies. The coupling of both the electric and magnetic dipole resonances can offer interesting possibilities for the control of directional light scattering in the strong coupling regime and the dynamic tuning of nanoscale light-matter hybrid states by external fields.
On the Lookout: Directional Visibility Cones and Defense in the Nebo Region, West-Central Jordan
Authors: Edwards Steven
Published: March 2020

This article uses directional visibility analysis to assess the defensibility of two Iron Age (9th–8th cent. BCE) sites from the Nebo region of west-central Jordan: the fortified town of Khirbat al-Mukhayyat and its adjacent watchtower at Rujm al-Mukhayyat. Directional visibility cones illustrate how the improved viewsheds afforded by the watchtower at Rujm al-Mukhayyat were needed to establish line of sight between Khirbat al-Mukhayyat and other settlements located higher up on the Transjordanian plateau. Without the addition of the watchtower, Khirbat al-Mukhayyat would have been cut off from direct communication with nearby towns at Hesban and Ma’in. Despite the increased visibility provided by the watchtower at Rujm al-Mukhayyat, Khirbat al-Mukhayyat retained limited capacity to monitor movement to the south in the vicinity of Ma’in. Further, it could not establish direct visual contact with the important urban centre at Madaba to the southeast. These findings may have implications for understanding the military strategy adopted by the Moabite king Mesha in his mid-9th century BCE campaign against the Town of Nebo, identified with Khirbat al-Mukhayyat.
Greek refugees and emigrants from former Bizantine Empire in the Kingdom of Poland in the context of the modern migration crisis in Europe
Authors: Skoczyński Michał
Published: March 2020

The The Ottoman Turks since the mid-fourteenth century led a gradual conquest of Anatolia and the Balkans. It’s symbolic culmination was the capture of Constantinople in 1453. In this way, a great population of Orthodox Greeks came under the rule of a Muslim sultan. Many of them decided to escape abroad to avoid robbery, rapes and captivity by the victorious forces. In the following years, when initially gentle policy towards the conquered community began to tighten, another wave of Greek migration emerged outside the Ottoman state. Subsequent groups fled from persecution after successive anti-Turkish uprisings. Of these refugees, the largest group settled in neighboring countries - Moldova, Wallachia and Hungary. People with greater financial or intellectual potential - philosophers, scholars, members of the social elite of the fallen Byzantine Empire - chose exile. They headed for Western culture centers, where they could continue their careers or seek support for their political plans. Merchants and craftsmen, who wanted to use their capital and skills at the crossroads of trade routes in the then Kingdom of Poland, which was in union with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, also constituted a larger group. Thanks to their unique handicraft skills and trade contacts in the south, many of these Greeks gained a strong position in the new environment. Some of them made a fortune and even obtained noble titles, though many of them lived modestly or even went bankrupt as a result of the actions of their Polish competitors and had to leave the country. The circumstances and effects of Greek migration leaving the Ottoman state show many similarities to the migration of the population during the modern migration crisis in Europe. An analysis of the events from half a thousand years ago may prove useful in building plans to solve the problem of refugees from the Middle East and to root and integrate migrant communities within the European Union.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy principles and practical use in materials analysis
Authors: Grünert Wolfgang , Klementiev Konstantin
Published: March 2020

The X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) with its subregions X-ray Absorption Near-edge Structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) is a powerful tool for the structural analysis of materials, which is nowadays a standard component of research strategies in many fields. This review covers a wide range of topics related to its measurement and use: the origin of the fine structure, its analytical potential, derived from the physical basis, the environment for measuring XAFS at synchrotrons, including different measurement geometries, detection modes, and sample environments, e. g. for in-situ and operando work, the principles of data reduction, analysis, and interpretation, and a perspective on new methods for structure analysis combining X-ray absorption with X-ray emission. Examples for the application of XAFS have been selected from work with heterogeneous catalysts with the intention to demonstrate the strength of the method providing structural information about highly disperse and disordered systems, to illustrate pitfalls in the interpretation of results (e. g. by neglecting the averaged character of the information obtained) and to show how its merits can be further enhanced by combination with other methods of structural analysis and/or spectroscopy.
Small‐molecule inhibition of aging‐associated chromosomal instability delays cellular senescence
Authors: Barroso‐Vilares Monika , Macedo Joana C , Reis Marta , Warren Jessica D , Compton Duane , Logarinho Elsa
Published: March 2020

Chromosomal instability (CIN) refers to the rate at which cells are unable to properly segregate whole chromosomes, leading to aneuploidy. Besides its prevalence in cancer cells and postulated implications in promoting tumorigenesis, studies in aneuploidy‐prone mouse models uncovered an unanticipated link between CIN and aging. Using young to old‐aged human dermal fibroblasts, we observed a dysfunction of the mitotic machinery arising with age that mildly perturbs chromosome segregation fidelity and contributes to the generation of fully senescent cells. Here, we investigated mitotic mechanisms that contribute to age‐associated CIN. We found that elderly cells have an increased number of stable kinetochore–microtubule (k‐MT) attachments and decreased efficiency in the correction of improper k‐MT interactions. Chromosome mis‐segregation rates in old‐aged cells decreased upon both genetic and small‐molecule enhancement of MT‐depolymerizing kinesin‐13 activity. Notably, restored chromosome segregation accuracy inhibited the phenotypes of cellular senescence. Therefore, we provide mechanistic insight into age‐associated CIN and disclose a strategy for the use of a small‐molecule to inhibit age‐associated CIN and to delay the cellular hallmarks of aging.
Philosophical Versions of the Eternal Storyline About Cupid and Psyche: from Neoplatonism to Christianity
Authors: Kotaridi Yuliya G.
Published: March 2020

The subject of this paper is the transformation of the poetics of Cupid and Psyche plot in its national and historical modifications in European literature. The methodology of the analysis is based on mythological studies (A. N. Veselovsky, A. F. Losev) and genre studies (M. M. Bakhtin, S. S. Averintsev, E. M. Meletinsky, etc.). Allegorization of the images of Love and Soul appeared in the antiquity long before the novel by Apuleius “Asinus Aureus” or “Metamorphoses” (the 2nd century AD). In a Greek epigram Eros is often associated with the element of fire that puts the soul — “Psycho” — to a variety of ordeals and tortures. In “Metamorphoses” by Apuleius the tale about Cupid and Psyche can be seen as an allegorical narration about the soul traveling around the world and looking for ways to Love and eternal life. Later, the parabolic core of the ancient story was enriched with new motifs from the arsenal of mythology, Neoplatonism and Christianity. The archetypical basis and platonic paradigm of the plot in “Metamorphoses” by Apuleius go together in a syncretic unity, that provides universality and polysemy of the different versions of tales about Cupid and Psyche in European literature. The neoplatonic version of the story, which interprets the reunion between Cupid and Psyche as the Union of God and Soul, is represented in literature by writings of Fulgentius, Boccaccio, Heine, Coleridge, Żuławski and others.
About Transverse Momentum Distributions of Negative Pions in p12C and π–12C Collisions at High Energies
Authors: Olimov Kh. K. , Tojimamatov Sh. D. , Olimov K. , Mardonova Z. , Lutpullaev S. L. , Olimov A. K. , Bozorov E. Kh. , Kanokova Sh. Z. , Kurbanov A. R. , Gulamov K. G.
Published: March 2020

Collision centrality dependences of the transverse momentum distributions of negative pions produced in p12C and p−12C collisions at 9.9 and 40 GeV/c, respectively, are investigated. The shapes and widths of the normalized transverse momentum distributions, as well as the average values of the transverse momentum of the negative pions, do not depend within the uncertainties on the collision centrality in p12C and п−12C collisions at 9.9 and 40 GeV/c in experiment, which is confirmed by the modified FRITIOF model calculations and minimum X2 fits of the experimental spectra with the two- and three-temperature Hagedorn model functions. Modified FRITIOF model calculations underestimate the average values of transverse momenta of the negative pions in experiment and do not reproduce the tail of the experimental transverse momentum distributions of the negative pions in both collision types. It is obtained that the transverse momentum distributions of the negative pions exhibit two temperature (two-slope) shapes in peripheral and central p12C collisions at 9.9 GeV/c in agreement with the early works on nucleus-nucleus collisions at incident energies of the order of a few GeV/c. However, the transverse momentum distributions of the negative pions in peripheral and central p−12C collisions at 40 GeV/c can be described well assuming the three temperature (three-slope) shapes of these spectra.
Validation of a Prediction Rule for Mortality in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Cochius-den Otter Suzan C.M. , Erdem Özge , van Rosmalen Joost , Schaible Thomas , Peters Nina C.J. , Cohen-Overbeek Titia E. , Capolupo Irma , Falk Carolin J. , van Heijst Arno F.J. , Schäffelder Regina , Brindle Mary E. , Tibboel Dick
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND:

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare congenital anomaly with a mortality of ∼27%. The Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group (CDHSG) developed a simple postnatal clinical prediction rule to predict mortality in newborns with CDH. Our aim for this study is to externally validate the CDHSG rule in the European population and to improve its prediction of mortality by adding prenatal variables.

METHODS:

We performed a European multicenter retrospective cohort study and included all newborns diagnosed with unilateral CDH who were born between 2008 and 2015. Newborns born from November 2011 onward were included for the external validation of the rule (n = 343). To improve the prediction rule, we included all patients born between 2008 and 2015 (n = 620) with prenatally diagnosed CDH and collected pre- and postnatal variables. We build a logistic regression model and performed bootstrap resampling and computed calibration plots.

RESULTS:

With our validation data set, the CDHSG rule had an area under the curve of 79.0%, revealing a fair predictive performance. For the new prediction rule, prenatal herniation of the liver was added, and absent 5-minute Apgar score was taken out. The new prediction rule revealed good calibration, and with an area under the curve of 84.6%, it had good discriminative abilities.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this study, we externally validated the CDHSG rule for the European population, which revealed fair predictive performance. The modified rule, with prenatal liver herniation as an additional variable, appears to further improve the model’s ability to predict mortality in a population of patients with prenatally diagnosed CDH.
The tonkin snub-nosed monkey  Rhinopithecus avunculus  population in the Quan Ba forest, north-east Vietnam: an identification of priority habitat for conservation
Authors: Dang Nguyen Xuan , Nghia Nguyen Xuan , The Pham Van
Published: March 2020

The Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Rhinopithecus avunculus is among the World’s 25 most endangered primates. At present, the species is found only in few forest areas in Ha Giang and Tuyen Quang Provinces, north-east Vietnam with a total number not exceeding 250 individuals.  The forest block in Cao Ma Po, Ta Van and Tung Vai Communes of Quan Ba District, Ha Giang Province (the Cao - Ta - Tung forest) harbors the second largest population of Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey. This population was estimated to be conisted of about 30–35 individuals in 2007.  However, it faces a number of serious threats (wildlife hunting, habitat degradation by widespread forest farming of Tsao-ko cardamom plant, etc.) that may lead the population to be extinct in near future. The population was reduced to 15–21 individuals in 2016 due to these threats. In 2017–2018, we conducted a study to identify a priority habitat area to establish the Quan Ba Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Conservation Area. The results of our study show that the distribution of  the Quan Ba Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey  population is  confined to a small area (about 5,000 ha) belonging to the Theng Chu Phin, Dao Dan Chai, Ta Lay mountains, the Hill 754 and a forest patch along the Vietnam-China  border  from the Post 283  to Post 295. This area harbors the best forest of the Cao - Ta - Tung area. The forest covers 92.3% of the area, and only 7.7% of the area is a non-forest land. There are two types of forest: evergreen broad-leaved forest (50.0% of total area) and limestone evergreen broad-leaved forest (42.3%).  The evergreen broad-leaved forest has been degraded to medium and restoration status. Tsao-ko cardamom Amomum tsao-ko fields are widespread. The limestone evergreen broad-leaved forest of almost primary status remains in very steep slopes and limestone mountains. The Cao - Ta - Tung forest was designated as a watershed protection forest that allows farming of agricultural and medicinal plants inside the forest and the forest farming of Tsao-ko cardamom is widespread becoming the most serious threat to the long-term survival of the Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey population. In order to ensure long-term survival of the Quan Ba Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey population, the  area of the Theng Chu Pin, Dao Dai Chai, Ta Lay, Tung Lau mountains,  the Hill 754 and a forest patch along the Vietnam-China border from the Post 283 to Post 285 must be designated as a special-use forest, i.e. to establish a Quan Ba Tonkin Snub-nosed Monkey Conservation Area.
Allelic polymorphism of  crtRB1  and  LcyE  genes related to the β-carotene content in Vietnamese traditional maize accessions,
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Duc , Lan Nguyen Thi , Huong Ho Thi
Published: March 2020

Maize is the third most important food crop after wheat and rice. Maize is used as food for more than a billion people around the world and is used as animal feed, especially, poultry. The concentration of carotenoids, especially, β-carotene in maize grains, is very low. Therefore, the study of increasing the amount of provitamin A carotenoids including β-carotene is important. In maize, different alleles of crtRB1 and LcyE genes have a significant effect on β-carotene content. In this paper, we present the results of the study of allele polymorphism of these two genes related to the provitamin A carotenoid content in some traditional maize accessions collected from several regions in North and Central Highlands of Vietnam. The results showed that there were polymorphisms at the 3’ and 5’ ends of the crtRB1 and LcyE genes. Among 22 maize accessions, the proportion of favorable alleles at the 3’ end of crtRB1 gene was relatively high (5/22 = 22.73%). Similar results were obtained for alleles at 3’ end of the LcyE gene. Especially, there is an accession (Northern white gold maize) that carries favorable alleles at the 3’ ends of both crtRB1 and LcyE genes. While all investigated maize accessions did not carry favorable alleles at the 5’ end of both crtRB1 and LcyE genes. The identification of traditional maize accessions that carry favorable alleles for increasing b-carotene content opens up potential to exploit indigenous genetic resources for genetic research as well as to develop maize varieties with high β- carotene content.
Geographical variation in morphological leaf traits of Huperzia serrata (lycopodiaceae) from Vietnam
Authors: Minh Nguyen Thi Ai , Trieu Le Ngoc , Duy Nong Van , Tien Tran Van
Published: March 2020

Morphological leaf traits can be used to assess adaptive responses of plants to environmental conditions. To assess how the representation of Huperzia serrata leaf traits, such as leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW) and leaf area (LA) response to changes in mean annual temperature (MAT), sunshine duration (SuH), mean annual precipitation (MAP), air humidity (Hu), intraspecific variation of the morphological leaf traits of the species was analyzed along a geographical gradient of Vietnam. The results showed that among the three populations at the three sites, leaf sizes increased with MAT and MAP. Huperzia serrata, climatic factors, morphological leaf traits, Vietnam.
Population density of the peanut worm Siphonosoma australe australe (Keferstein, 1865) (Sipunculus: Phascolosomatidae) in the mangrove forest of Gianh river, Quang Binh province
Authors: My Huong Nguyen Thi , Chung Ngo Dac , Ba Le Huy
Published: March 2020

The peanut worm, Siphonosoma australe australe (Keferstein, 1865), is a non-segmented worm, with a coelom, most live in areas of shallow water, tidal areas or the sea. Currently, the number of individuals in Peanut worm populations are declining considerably due to over-exploitation and habitat degradation. However, information on individual density and biomass of Peanut worm populations in Vietnam is still lacking, as is information on environmental factors affecting them. This study was carried out at various sites in the lower reaches of mangrove forest of the Gianh river, Quang Binh province. We calculated individual and hole densities per month by counting the number of individuals and holes according to each site area. We found significant differences (p ≤ 0.037) among sampled sites in hole density (from 1.43 to 2.54 holes/m2, average of 1,96 holes/m2), individual number (from 45 to 81 individuals, average of 62 individuals/site area), and biomass (from 20.27 to 51.16 g/m2, average of 34.57 g/m2). However, individual density (from 0.51 to 0.98 individuals/m2, average of 0.68 individuals/m2) was not significantly different among sites. Water temperature, pH, and salinity have the significant effect on individual and hole densities, individual number, and biomass of peanut worms (p ≤ 0.001; excepting water temperature affects the biomass of peanut worms). Excepting biomass, average individual and hole densities, as well as individual number of peanut worms, were greater in the dry season than in the rainy season (p < 0.0001).

Keywords: Siphonosoma australe australe, biomass, density, mangrove forest, peanut worms, Gianh river.

Citation: Nguyen Thi My Huong, Ngo Dac Chung, Le Huy Ba, 2018. Population density of the peanut worm Siphonosoma australe australe (Keferstein, 1865) (sipunculus:phascolosomatidae) in the mangrove forest of gianh river, Quang Binh province. Tạp chí Sinh học, 40(2): 138–144. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v40n2.8511.

*Corresponding author: myhuong_s4qt@quangbinh.edu.vn
“Program of S.Yu. Vitte” as a Model of Establishing a Competitive Russia at the Edge of the 19th – 20th Centuries
Authors: Bessolitsyn Alexander
Published: March 2020

In modern conditions the country faces the necessity to build a model of the new chasing modernization and, in this regard, the preceding experience of Russian modernizations and its analysis appears to be up-to-date. The economic program proposed by minister of finance S.Yu. Vitte was a model of country’s transformation to the industrial development and contributed to establishing a competitive Russia at the edge of centuries. The author for the first time performs a complex analysis of Vitte’s note “About changing the staff of the Department of trade and manufactures” prepared in the Ministry of Finance at the end of 1893. This was the document, which remained in history as “Vitte’s program”. During the implementation of this Program real success was achieved, including creating modern transport communications, powerful industrial complex, which included mining and processing industries, establishing the system of professional education, which really increased the quality of human capital and made the county’s economy competitive in the world. The author makes a conclusion that Russian economy was developing in the framework of the suggested Program even after Vitte’s resignation. However, mostly due to political limitations, the goals stated in the Program were not fully achieved. Nevertheless, Vitte’s period in Russian history was the period of expedited growth and overcoming “backwardness”, which placed the country among the world leading countries in the early 20th century.
Two New Species of Aira (Poaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
Authors: Sáez Llorenç , López-Alvarado Javier , Fraga Pere , Berjano Regina , Ortiz M. Ángeles , Romero-Zarco Carlos
Published: March 2020

Abstract—Two new diploid species, Aira minoricensis and Aira hercynica, are described and illustrated, along with chromosome counts, risk assessment, distribution and habitat, phenology, and comparisons with morphologically similar species.
A comparative table and a key for the species of Aira for the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands are provided to assist in the identification of these overlooked species, and their relationships to other taxa are discussed.
Acer iranicum (Sapindaceae), a New Species of Maple from Northern Iran
Authors: Mohtashamian Mojgansadat , Chatrenoor Targol , Fatehi Foad , Rastegar Azad
Published: March 2020

Abstract—Acer iranicum (Sapindaceae s. l., Aceroideae), from the upper limits of the lowland forests toward the midlands in the western part of the Hyrcanian forests, is described as new. Diagnostic characters for A. iranicum are sub-leathery to
papery leaves, rounded, elongate sepals, oblong-ovate petals, and samara wings diverging at 55‐75°. The phylogenetic position of A. iranicum within Acer section Acer is elucidated based on analysis of the ITS data from representatives of all taxa within section
Acer and morphological evidence. Acer iranicum was resolved as sister to A. opalus (Italian maple), but quite distant from all other species of maples in Iran.
Valeriana caparaoensis (Valerianaceae nom. conserv.), a New Species from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Rabuske-Silva Cassio , Sobral Marcos , Vieira Iganci João Ricardo
Published: March 2020

Abstract—Valeriana caparaoensis, a new species from the High Altitude Tropical Grasslands of Southeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new species is known only from the Serra do Caparaó massif, between the states of Minas Gerais and
Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. It shares morphological affinities with V. catharinensis and V. polystachya, the first restricted to Brazilian Subtropical Highland Grasslands, and the last restricted to Lowland Grasslands of Southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.
Besides the great geographical disjunction, the new species differs from the other two species by the pinnately lobed proximal leaves, by the lanceolate distal lobes and longer pseudopetioles in distal leaves, by differences in the size of the flowers, and by the rounded to ovate and broader
achenes. Additionally, we provide the preliminary conservation status assessments using IUCN Red List categories and criteria, as well as an updated checklist and a key for Valeriana species from Southeastern Brazil.
Toward a Diversity Stack: Digital Humanities and Diversity as Technical Problem
Authors: Liu Alan
Published: March 2020

How can the digital humanities help support humanities scholarship on diversity both ideologically and technically? This essay abandons the diversity paradigm prevalent in DH—the “big tent”—for a more technically functional one: the “stack.” It proposes that DH can create a “diversity stack” (conceptually like the “Internet protocol stack”) that combines technical and theoretical strategies for advancing scholarship on diversity. From low to high, crucial levels in such a stacked approach include technical methods for dealing with multilingualism, multimedia, unrepresentative corpora, geopolitical and temporal organizations of identity, and the theory of identity. (AL)