bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Pressure, Temperature, Treatment Time, and Storage on Rheological, Textural, and Structural Properties of Heat-Induced Chickpea Gels
Authors: Alvarez María , Fuentes Raúl , Canet Wenceslao
Published: April 2015

Pressure-induced gelatinization of chickpea flour (CF) was studied in combination with subsequent temperature-induced gelatinization. CF slurries (with 1:5 flour-to-water ratio) and CF in powder form were treated with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), temperature (T), and treatment time (t) at three levels (200, 400, 600 MPa; 10, 25, 50 °C; 5, 15, 25 min). In order to investigate the effect of storage (S), half of the HHP-treated CF slurries were immediately analyzed for changes in oscillatory rheological properties under isothermal heating at 75 °C for 15 min followed by cooling to 25 °C. The other half of the HHP-treated CF slurries were refrigerated (at 4 °C) for one week and subsequently analyzed for changes in oscillatory properties under the same heating conditions as the unrefrigerated samples. HHP-treated CF in powder form was analyzed for changes in textural properties of heat-induced CF gels under isothermal heating at 90 °C for 5 min and subsequent cooling to 25 °C. Structural changes during gelatinization were investigated using microscopy. Pressure had a more significant effect on rheological and textural properties, followed by T and treatment t (in that order). Gel aging in HHP-treated CF slurries during storage was supported by rheological measurements.
Butterfly Redreaming: Rethinking Free, with Zhuangzi Flying Westerly with Descartes, Lacan, Waldman…
Authors: Lee Kyoo
Published: April 2015

Usually, Zhuangzi’s parable of “the butterfly dream/dreaming butterfly” is read as an enigmatic version, from “the East”, of the Cartesian skeptical challenges to “objective reality” or else the Lacanian psycho-drama of the “pure gaze” in which “he”, Zhuangzi, “is a butterfly for nobody”, who stands for “the Real”. Retooling some of the critical insights from these standard dialectical or anxiogenic approaches to this allegorical puzzle of self-identity, both of which, however, tend to leave unquestioned or else structurally overrate the binarized inner-exclusivity of typical pairs such as in/out, subject/object, illusion/reality, and all/nothing, this article proposes a relatively novel, fluid model of unraveling the speculative knot, the dots of lepidopterological spacetime irreducible to a simpler “point” in space and time. As we follow the narrative sequence more micro- and macrologically at once, with holistic, philopoetic attention to its intricate conceptual cues and contextual clues, especially its streaks and energies of “oppositional poetics” envisaged by Anne Waldman, for instance, we come to see more clearly the trans-categorical auto-generativity of its modal openness, its oddly powerful, non-militarily propelled, avant-garde peripherality. As Zhuangzi’s butterfly gets freed this way from the discursive net where it is lost and found (often instantly dead), the vocalized figure of the “irritating” narrator, too, will change more freely, flying in and out and back in “daoistically” rather than agonistically.
The Impact of Living in a Care Home on the Health and Wellbeing of Spinal Cord Injured People
Authors: Smith Brett , Caddick Nick
Published: April 2015

In the UK, 20% of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) are discharged from rehabilitation into an elderly care home. Despite this, and knowledge that the home is central to health and wellbeing, little research has examined the impact of being in care homes on the health and wellbeing of people with SCI. The purpose of this study was to address this gap. Twenty adults who lived in care homes or had done so recently for over two years were interviewed in-depth. Qualitative data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Analyses revealed that living in a care home environment severely damages quality of life, physical health and psychological wellbeing in the short and long-term. Reasons why quality of life, health, and wellbeing were damaged are identified. These included a lack of freedom, control, and flexibility, inability to participate in community life, inability to sustain relationships, safety problems, restricted participation in work and leisure time physical activity, lack of meaning, self-expression, and a future, loneliness, difficulties with the re-housing process, depression, and suicidal thoughts and actions. It is concluded that for people with SCI, the care home environment violates social dignity, is oppressive, and denies human rights. Implications for housing and health care policies are also offered.
Autophagy Induction by Silibinin Positively Contributes to Its Anti-Metastatic Capacity via AMPK/mTOR Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Feng , Ma Zhenkun , Guan Zhenfeng , Chen Yule , Wu Kaijie , Guo Peng , Wang Xinyang , He Dalin , Zeng Jin
Published: April 2015

Silibinin, a dietary cancer chemopreventive flavonoid from the seeds of milk thistle, has been reported to exhibit anti-metastatic effects on renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not fully understood. The present study aimed at examining the potential role of autophagy in regulating silibinin-induced anti-metastatic effects on RCC cells. Using RCC ACHN and 786-O cells as a model system in vitro, we found that silibinin treatment increased the expression of LC3-II, resulted in the formation of autophagolysosome vacuoles, and caused a punctate fluorescence pattern with the monomeric red fluorescence protein-enhanced green fluorescence protein-LC3 (mRFP-EGFP-LC3) protein, which all are markers for cellular autophagy. Autophagy flux was induced by silibinin in RCC cells, as determined by LC3 turnover assay. Mechanically, the adenosine 5'-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was identified as involved in regulation of silibinin-induced autophagy. Furthermore, autophagy induction was demonstrated to positively contribute to silibinin-induced anti-metastatic effects on RCC cells in vitro. Activation of autophagy enhanced silibinin-induced inhibition of migration and invasion of RCC cells, while inhibition of autophagy attenuated it. These findings thus provide new information about the potential link between autophagy and metastasis inhibition induced by silibinin, and the induction of autophagy may shed some light into future treatment strategies for metastatic RCC.
Asymptotic Expansions of Fractional Derivatives andTheir Applications
Authors: Morita Tohru , Sato Ken-ichi
Published: April 2015

We compare the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral (fI) of a function f(z)with the Liouville fI of the same function and show that there are cases in which theasymptotic expansion of the former is obtained from those of the latter and the differenceof the two fIs. When this happens, this fact occurs also for the fractional derivative (fD).This method is applied to the derivation of the asymptotic expansion of the confluenthypergeometric function, which is a solution of Kummer’s differential equation. In thepresent paper, the solutions of the equation in the forms of the Riemann–Liouville fI orfD and the Liouville fI or fD are obtained by using the method, which Nishimoto used insolving the hypergeometric differential equation in terms of the Liouville fD.
Mouse Mincle: Characterization as a Model for Human Mincle and Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Rambaruth Neela , Jégouzo Sabine , Marlor Hayley , Taylor Maureen , Drickamer Kurt
Published: April 2015

Mincle, the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin also known as CLEC-4E, binds to the mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose dimycolate and initiates a signaling cascade by serving as a receptor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacterial species. Studies of the biological functions of human mincle often rely on mouse models, based on the assumption that the biological properties of the mouse receptor mimic those of the human protein. Experimental support for this assumption has been obtained by expression of the carbohydrate-recognition domain of mouse mincle and characterization of its interaction with small molecule analogs of trehalose dimycolate. The results confirm that the ligand-binding properties of mouse mincle closely parallel those of the human receptor. These findings are consistent with the conservation of key amino acid residues that have been shown to form the ligand-binding site in human and cow mincle. Sequence alignment reveals that these residues are conserved in a wide range of mammalian species, suggesting that mincle has a conserved function in binding ligands that may include endogenous mammalian glycans or pathogen glycans in addition to trehalose dimycolate.
Coordination and Crystallization Molecules: Their Interactions Affecting the Dimensionality of Metalloporphyrinic SCFs
Authors: Fidalgo-Marijuan Arkaitz , Amayuelas Eder , Barandika Gotzone , Bazán Begoña , Urtiaga Miren , Arriortua María
Published: April 2015

Synthetic metalloporphyrin complexes are often used as analogues of natural systems, and they can be used for the preparation of new Solid Coordination Frameworks (SCFs). In this work, a series of six metalloporphyrinic compounds constructed from different meso substituted metalloporphyrins (phenyl, carboxyphenyl and sulfonatophenyl) have been structurally characterized by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The compounds were classified considering the dimensionality of the crystal array, referred just to coordination bonds, into 0D, 1D and 2D compounds. This way, the structural features and relationships of those crystal structures were analyzed, in order to extract conclusions not only about the dimensionality of the networks but also about possible applications of the as-obtained compounds, focusing the interest on the interactions of coordination and crystallization molecules. These interactions provide the coordination bonds and the cohesion forces which produce SCFs with different dimensionalities.
Inhibition of Tanshinone IIA, Salvianolic Acid A and Salvianolic Acid B on Areca Nut Extract-Induced Oral Submucous Fibrosis in Vitro
Authors: Dai Jian-Ping , Zhu Dan-Xia , Sheng Jiang-Tao , Chen Xiao-Xuan , Li Wei-Zhong , Wang Ge-Fei , Li Kang-Sheng , Su Yun
Published: April 2015

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has been reported to possess excellent antifibrotic activity. In this study, we have investigated the effect and mechanism of tanshinone IIA (Tan-IIA), salvianolic acid A (Sal-A) and salvianolic acid B (Sal-B), the important active compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, on areca nut extract (ANE)-induced oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) in vitro. Through human procollagen gene promoter luciferase reporter plasmid assay, hydroxyproline assay, gelatin zymography assay, qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western blot assay, the influence of these three compounds on ANE-stimulated cell viability, collagen accumulation, procollagen gene transcription, MMP-2/-9 activity, MMP-1/-13 and TIMP-1/-2 expression, cytokine secretion and the activation of PI3K/AKT, ERK/JNK/p38 MAPK and TGF-β/Smads pathways were detected. The results showed that Tan-IIA, Sal-A and Sal-B could significantly inhibit the ANE-stimulated abnormal viability and collagen accumulation of mice oral mucosal fibroblasts (MOMFs), inhibit the transcription of procollagen gene COL1A1 and COL3A1, increase MMP-2/-9 activity, decrease TIMP-1/-2 expression and inhibit the transcription and release of CTGF, TGF-β1, IL-6 and TNF-α; Tan-IIA, Sal-A and Sal-B also inhibited the ANE-induced activation of AKT and ERK MAPK pathways in MOMFs and the activation of TGF-β/Smads pathway in HaCaT cells. In conclusion, Tan-IIA, Sal-A and Sal-B possess excellent antifibrotic activity in vitro and can possibly be used to promote the rehabilitation of OSF patients.
Resveratrol Protects against Methylglyoxal-Induced Hyperglycemia and Pancreatic Damage In Vivo
Authors: Cheng An-Sheng , Cheng Yu-Hsiang , Lee Chi-Ying , Chung Chin-Yuan , Chang Wen-Chang
Published: April 2015

Methylglyoxal (MG) has been found to cause inflammation and insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo in recent studies. Resveratrol has been proposed as an effective treatment that helps lower the risk of developing complications of diabetes. To study the significance of glycosylation-related stress on the pathology of diabetes, the effects of resveratrol were examined in a mouse model of diabetes induced by MG. Resveratrol was given via oral gavage in MG-treated mice, and diabetes-related tests and markers were assessed using biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. Treatment with resveratrol markedly improved blood glucose level from the oral glucose tolerance test and promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation (p < 0.05) in the pancreas of MG-treated mice. However, these effects were abolished by retinoic acid, Nrf2 inhibitor, in resveratrol and retinoic acid-treated and MG-induced mice. These findings support that resveratrol may be useful in the treatment of type-2 diabetes by protecting against pancreatic cell dysfunction.
Self Referencing Heterodyne Transient Grating Spectroscopy with Short Wavelength
Authors: Grilj Jakob , Sistrunk Emily , Jeong Jaewoo , Samant Mahesh , Gray Alexander , Dürr Hermann , Parkin Stuart , Gühr Markus
Published: April 2015

Heterodyning by a phase stable reference electric field is a well known technique to amplify weak nonlinear signals. For short wavelength, the generation of a reference field in front of the sample is challenging because of a lack of suitable beamsplitters. Here, we use a permanent grating which matches the line spacing of the transient grating for the creation of a phase stable reference field. The relative phase among the two can be changed by a relative translation of the permanent and transient gratings in direction orthogonal to the grating lines. We demonstrate the technique for a transient grating on a VO2 thin film and observe constructive as well as destructive interference signals.
Analytic Characterization of the Dynamic Regimes of Quantum-Dot Lasers
Authors: Lingnau Benjamin , Lüdge Kathy
Published: April 2015

We present analytic treatment of the three different dynamic regimes found in quantum-dot laser turn-on and modulation dynamics. A dynamic coupling, and thus density-dependent scattering lifetimes between dots and reservoir, are identified to be crucial for a realistic modeling. We derive a minimal model for the quantum-dot laser dynamics that can be seeded with experimentally accessible parameters, and give explicit analytic equations that are able to predict relaxation-oscillation frequency and damping rate.
Polymers and Dyes: Developments and Applications
Authors: Fleischmann Carolin , Lievenbrück Melanie , Ritter Helmut
Published: April 2015

Amongst functional macromolecules, the combination of polymers and dyes is a research field of great potential with regard to high-performance materials. Accordingly, colored polymers have become increasingly important as materials for miscellaneous technical applications in recent years while also being a major part of everyday life. For instance, dye-containing polymers are nowadays widely applied in medicine, painting industries, analytics and gas separation processes. Since these applications are obviously connected to the dye’s nature, which is incorporated into the corresponding polymers, the affinity of certain polymers to dyes is exploited in wastewater work-ups after (textile) dyeing procedures. In this review, we wish to point out the great importance of dye-containing polymers, with a comprehensive scope and a focus on azo, triphenylmethane, indigoid, perylene and anthraquinone dyes. Since a large number of synthetic approaches towards the preparation of such materials can be found in the literature, an elaborated overview of different preparation techniques is given as well.
Assessing Field Spectroscopy Metadata Quality
Authors: Rasaiah Barbara , Jones Simon. , Bellman Chris , Malthus Tim , Hueni Andreas
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the proposed criteria for measuring the quality and completeness of field spectroscopy metadata in a spectral archive. Definitions for metadata quality and completeness for field spectroscopy datasets are introduced. Unique methods for measuring quality and completeness of metadata to meet the requirements of field spectroscopy datasets are presented. Field spectroscopy metadata quality can be defined in terms of (but is not limited to) logical consistency, lineage, semantic and syntactic error rates, compliance with a quality standard, quality assurance by a recognized authority, and reputational authority of the data owners/data creators. Two spectral libraries are examined as case studies of operationalized metadata policies, and the degree to which they are aligned with the needs of field spectroscopy scientists. The case studies reveal that the metadata in publicly available spectral datasets are underperforming on the quality and completeness measures. This paper is part two in a series examining the issues central to a metadata standard for field spectroscopy datasets.
Optical Nano Antennas: State of the Art, Scope and Challenges as a Biosensor Along with Human Exposure to Nano-Toxicology
Authors: Kausar Abu , Reza Ahmed , Latef Tarik , Ullah Mohammad , Karim Mohammad
Published: April 2015

The concept of optical antennas in physical optics is still evolving. Like the antennas used in the radio frequency (RF) regime, the aspiration of optical antennas is to localize the free propagating radiation energy, and vice versa. For this purpose, optical antennas utilize the distinctive properties of metal nanostructures, which are strong plasmonic coupling elements at the optical regime. The concept of optical antennas is being advanced technologically and they are projected to be substitute devices for detection in the millimeter, infrared, and visible regimes. At present, their potential benefits in light detection, which include polarization dependency, tunability, and quick response times have been successfully demonstrated. Optical antennas also can be seen as directionally responsive elements for point detectors. This review provides an overview of the historical background of the topic, along with the basic concepts and parameters of optical antennas. One of the major parts of this review covers the use of optical antennas in biosensing, presenting biosensing applications with a broad description using different types of data. We have also mentioned the basic challenges in the path of the universal use of optical biosensors, where we have also discussed some legal matters.
A Piscine Birnavirus Induces Inhibition of Protein Synthesis in CHSE-214 Cells Primarily through the Induction of eIF2α Phosphorylation
Authors: Gamil Amr , Mutoloki Stephen , Evensen Øystein
Published: April 2015

Inhibition of protein synthesis represents one of the antiviral mechanisms employed by cells and it is also used by viruses for their own propagation. To what extent members of the Birnaviridae family employ such strategies is not well understood. Here we use a type-strain of the Aquabirnavirus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), to investigate this phenomenon in vitro. CHSE-214 cells were infected with IPNV and at 3, 12, 24, and 48 hours post infection (hpi) before the cells were harvested and labeled with S35 methionine to assess protein synthesis. eIF2α phosphorylation was examined by Western blot while RT-qPCR was used to assess virus replication and the expression levels of IFN-α, Mx1 and PKR. Cellular responses to IPNV infection were assessed by DNA laddering, Caspase-3 assays and flow cytometry. The results show that the onset and kinetics of eIF2α phosphorylation was similar to that of protein synthesis inhibition as shown by metabolic labeling. Increased virus replication and virus protein formation was observed by 12 hpi, peaking at 24 hpi. Apoptosis was induced in a small fraction (1−2%) of IPNV-infected CHSE cells from 24 hpi while necrotic/late apoptotic cells increased from 10% by 24 hpi to 59% at 48 hpi, as shown by flow cytometry. These results were in accordance with a small decline in cell viability by 24hpi, dropping below 50% by 48 hpi. IPNV induced IFN-α mRNA upregulation by 24 hpi while no change was observed in the expression of Mx1 and PKR mRNA. Collectively, these findings show that IPNV induces inhibition of protein synthesis in CHSE cells through phosphorylation of eIF2α with minimal involvement of apoptosis. The anticipation is that protein inhibition is used by the virus to evade the host innate antiviral responses.
Cardiac involvement in dengue infection
Authors: Shivanthan Mitrakrishnan C , Navinan Mitrakrishnan R , Constantine Godwin Roger , Rajapakse Senaka
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Dengue is endemic in the tropics, and complications involving organ systems are seen with varying incidence. Methodology: We performed a systematic review. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus SciVerse, Google Scholar, and LILACS were searched for papers providing information on cardiac involvement in dengue. Results: Cardiac involvement is not uncommon in dengue infection and is often transient, but may be associated with significant morbidity and even mortality. Direct viral invasion, immune mechanisms, electrolyte imbalance, derangement of intracellular calcium ion storage, lactic acidosis, and ischemia due to hypotension all play a role in myocardial dysfunction. The manifestations of cardiac involvement include clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, cardiac enzyme, and histopathologic abnormalities. Echocardiography appears to be a useful tool for detecting myocardial involvement and should be performed in patients with electrocardiographic abnormalities or hemodynamic instability. Treatment is largely supportive, though there are some anecdotal reports of improvements with specific agents. Conclusions: Knowledge on cardiac manifestations in dengue is limited, and further studies are needed to establish the exact pathophysiology and role of specific agents in the prevention and treatment of cardiac complications in dengue.
Un intérêt artistique à construire
Authors: Despres Altaïr
Published: April 2015

Les processus de transformation des champs artistiques sont volontiers envisagés sous l’angle des structures objectives de ces espaces symboliques. L’apparition d’une esthétique nouvelle est alors mise en relation avec l’histoire des institutions qui l’ont rendue possible et les dynamiques structurales propres au champ (luttes internes). Mais les modifications de la structure des champs correspondent inséparablement à la modification de structures subjectives . Au premier chef, elles impliquent que se constituent de nouveaux intérêts artistiques, ceux-là mêmes qui conduisent concrètement à l’engagement d’un certain nombre de personnes dans des activités artistiques émergentes. L’article montre sur ce point que si l’extension africaine du champ de la danse contemporaine a bien correspondu à des investissements politiques et institutionnels français sur le continent dans les années 1990, elle a également correspondu à la construction subjective d’un intérêt artistique inédit via un processus de transitivité symbolique à partir d’intérêts économiques et migratoires.
L’amour de la littérature : le festival, nouvelle instance de production de la croyance
Authors: Sapiro Gisèle , Picaud Myrtille , Pacouret Jérôme , Seiler Hélène
Published: April 2015

Les manifestations littéraires se sont multipliées depuis les années 1990. Elles se distribuent entre les plus commerciales (les foires et les salons) et celles qui participent aux processus de consécration au pôle de production restreinte du champ littéraire, à l’instar du festival Les Correspondances de Manosque. Fondé en 1999, c’est l’un des premiers consacrés à la littérature contemporaine en France. À travers son histoire, les motivations des organisateurs, les modalités de sélection des œuvres présentées et les dispositifs de médiation de la littérature qu’il offre, l’article analyse les formes modernes d’entretien de la croyance littéraire. Une analyse statistique des propriétés sociales des festivaliers et de leurs pratiques culturelles, comparées à celles du public du festival d’Avignon, fait apparaître une certaine diversité sous le rapport de l’âge, du sexe et de l’activité professionnelle, mais aussi l’impact du capital culturel sur les chances d’accès à ce type de manifestation. Soumise à une analyse des correspondances multiples, elle permet de différencier les modes de participation et de distinguer une espèce particulière de capital culturel, qu’est le capital littéraire.
Les politiques culturelles dans le monde
Authors: Bustamante Mauricio
Published: April 2015

Dès les années 1960, l’Unesco a joué un rôle très actif dans la constitution d’espaces de discussion sur les politiques culturelles au niveau international. En réalisant à l’époque un état des lieux international de ces politiques, l’Unesco a contribué à la formation d’un espace de débats, de références partagées, d’échange de savoirs et savoir-faire, qui ont favorisé la consolidation et la légitimation de la politique culturelle nationale comme norme largement admise. Cet article compare les actions culturelles d’une centaine de pays, en les confrontant aux enjeux socio-économiques, géopolitiques et culturels des années 1980, ce qui permet de ne pas appréhender les politiques culturelles seulement comme un domaine confiné aux rapports de force des champs de pouvoir nationaux. Les pôles d’opposition qui se dégagent réfractent bien souvent des antagonismes préexistants et extérieurs à la seule dimension culturelle de l’action publique.
Les troubles de l’oralité chez l’ancien prématuré
Authors: Quetin Frédérique
Published: April 2015

Dès la naissance, le nouveau-né à terme poursuit le développement de son oralité débuté in utero . Le prématuré, lui, a besoin d’assistance nutritionnelle et parfois respiratoire. Il subit donc un arrêt des expériences sensorielles de la sphère orale, remplacées par les sensations désagréables voire douloureuses qui accompagnent les soins répétés dans cette région de son corps. Il existe un retard d’investissement positif de la sphère orale, qui pourrait être à l’origine de troubles dans le développement ultérieur de son oralité. Les troubles alimentaires les plus fréquents chez l’ancien prématuré regroupent la difficulté du passage à la cuillère, la difficulté de l’introduction des morceaux dans l’alimentation, l’existence d’événements indésirables après les repas. Ces troubles doivent être dépistés voire anticipés lors des consultations de suivi. Une prise en charge multidisciplinaire est parfois nécessaire.
Entre la piedad, la reconciliación y la austeridad: los sacrificios comensales en la posguerra civil ateniense
Authors: Notario Pacheco Fernando
Published: April 2015

Les offrandes commensales constituent un des éléments fondamentaux de la construction des identités civiques grecques pendant les périodes archaïque et classique. Au cours de cette festivité, les courants du pouvoir social au sein de la collectivité civique se matérialisent, se recréent et se définissent, de même que la relation que celle-ci entretient avec la sphère du divin. Dans cet article, on étudie la manière dont le sacrifice civique est soumis à une intense redéfinition interne dans le contexte de crise de l’après-guerre civile athénienne. Ce processus reflète la profonde transformation politique que connaît Athènes par rapport aux dernières années de la Guerre du Péloponnèse et à l’éclosion de la démocratie. Ainsi on verra comment les sacrifices deviennent un élément central pour la résilience collective autour du traumatisme qu’a représenté la guerre civile et pour l’acceptation d’un nouvel équilibre de pouvoir social dans la démocratie restaurée.
L’εὐδαιμονία iranienne et indienne chez les ethnographes grecs
Authors: Ducœur Guillaume
Published: April 2015

La mise en perspective comparative des sources textuelles grecques datant des périodes classique et hellénistique et relatives au bonheur poursuivi tout autant par les sujets des rois achéménides que par les sages des territoires du nord-ouest indien, montre que les ethnographes grecs, s’ils avaient employé le terme commun εὐδαιμονία pour traduire les notions de šiyāti iranienne et de ānanda indienne, avaient néanmoins su appréhender et différencier les moyens d’action pour y parvenir.
El héroe trágico, el ondulante mar y la insularidad
Authors: Gallego Julián
Published: April 2015

L’article analysera la figure du héros tragique comme métaphore du citoyen athénien face au problème de la décision. Tout d’abord, seront étudiées les conditions de la représentation théâtrale et sa capacité à produire une idée de la démocratie. Deuxièmement, en faisant appel à des notions de subjectivation et dé-subjectivation, les figures du Pélasge d’Eschyle et du Philoctète de Sophocle seront examinées afin de comprendre comment la tragédie représente la situation de l’agent face à la décision. Enfin, seront indiquées les relations possibles de chaque tragédie avec leur contexte d’énonciation et pourquoi ces figures héroïques apparaissent comme parfaitement opposées l’une à l’autre sur la question de la prise d’une décision.
Juan de Mariana y la Biblioteca de Focio. Presencia y ausencia de fuentes antiguas en la historiografía humanista española
Authors: Gómez Martos Francisco
Published: April 2015

En étudiant une section de la Historia general de España (1592) de Juan de Mariana, les guerres celtibères et lusitaniennes du II e siècle av. J.-C., l’auteur analyse la transmission des manuscrits et des éditions imprimées de textes grecs et romains, principalement les extraits de l’œuvre de Diodore qui font partie de la Bibliothèque de Photios, dans l’Espagne du XVI e siècle. L’article prétend démontrer que Mariana, malgré un accès direct aux sources classiques, utilisait fondamentalement les œuvres des chroniqueurs royaux de son temps pour raconter l’Histoire Ancienne de la péninsule Ibérique.
« Mourir ! Ça, c’est une aventure ! »
Authors: Ben Soussan Patrick
Published: April 2015

Les soins palliatifs ont connu un développement important en France au cours des vingt dernières années. Ils ont fait l’objet d’une conceptualisation consensuelle, ont acquis une assise juridique et, de nécessité sanitaire et sociale, ont été consacrés droit et règlements. L’éthique du care s’est emparée de la fin de vie et nous consentons tous, éclairés, à ces dispositifs de soins terminaux qui nous aideront à traverser le Styx. « Mourez, nous ferons le reste », proclamait le titre de ce film français de 1953 où l’on pouvait suivre les pérégrinations d’un joyeux luron à l’origine de la création d’un cimetière ultra-chic baptisé du doux nom de « Champ du divin repos ». Cette contribution interroge la conception contemporaine de la prise en charge de la fin de vie, la psychologisation de la mort et le travail du trépas.
La mort et le droit
Authors: Froger Bérengère
Published: April 2015

Le droit ne définit pas la mort ; il la constate, pour mieux en déterminer les effets et dépouiller le cadavre de toute personnalité juridique. Mais sous une apparente rigidité, le droit a su modeler certains de ses principes, par la prolongation de la protection juridique au-delà de la mort, par le décalage de l’instant de la mort, ou encore par la dépénalisation de l’abstention thérapeutique, démontrant ainsi une réelle adaptation aux évolutions techniques comme aux réflexions contemporaines qui parcourent notre société.
Une mort si particulière : mort cérébrale et don d’organes
Authors: Boileau Claire
Published: April 2015

Cet article propose de parcourir dans leurs grandes lignes quelques-unes des problématiques anthropologiques qui se posent dès lors qu’un prélèvement d’organes est envisagé sur une personne en état de mort encéphalique. Cette mort, récente dans l’histoire médicale des sociétés dites « industrialisées », soulève en effet plusieurs questions qui intéressent tout autant les familles que les soignants, ceux-là mêmes qui ont en charge la mission d’obtenir, puis de transférer les organes d’un individu à un autre. Le propos ne sera pas ici de discuter du bien-fondé et des prolongements de cette option thérapeutique qui consiste à utiliser les éléments corporels d’un donneur pour pallier la défaillance organique d’un receveur, mais d’identifier, d’un point de vue socioculturel, la façon dont la vie et la mort s’articulent dans un tel contexte.
Le neurochirurgien, le coma, la mort
Authors: Bousigue Jean-Yves
Published: April 2015

La possibilité et parfois l’imminence de la mort font partie de la culture et de la pratique neurochirurgicale à l’hôpital. Le coma y tient une place particulière, entre la possibilité d’obtenir des transplants dans certaines formes « dépassées » et les aléas d’une survie qui tient la personne aux confins entre la vie et la mort. Les progrès des techniques de soins libèrent un espace mouvant, indéfini, exigeant une prise en charge ouverte, au-delà des hypothèses pronostiques et des généralités formelles.
Cuisines et dépendances de la participation
Authors: Penven Alain
Published: April 2015

L’offre de participation fortement impulsée par l’État comme une dimension incontournable de la politique des villes se trouve confrontée, en dépit de la bonne volonté des acteurs mobilisés, à des obstacles, des résistances et des enjeux contradictoires qui donnent à la constitution d’un objet commun un caractère laborieux et parfois conflictuel. Ce véritable travail d’élaboration collective révèle des positions d’acteurs différenciées que l’utopie agissante et volontariste ne parvient pas à surmonter. Les questions de l’engagement démocratique, du langage, des statuts, des enjeux et logiques d’intérêts, comme celles des pratiques et représentations de l’espace public et de l’espace habité, sont autant de composantes d’une pluralité de référentiels qui orientent les expériences et logiques des acteurs. L’objet de cet article est de révéler l’envers du décor d’un type de démarche participative et de montrer la lente construction d’espaces d’engagement, d’expression et de délibération.
Pénitence et liberté chrétienne
Authors: Gervais Pierre
Published: April 2015

Dans la mesure où Luther et Ignace de Loyola constituent des figures emblématiques des temps modernes, on peut à bon droit considérer que ceux-ci ont trouvé à travers eux leur lieu de naissance dans le sacrement de pénitence. Crise de la contrition chez Luther, crise de l’intégrité de l’aveu chez Ignace, toutes deux en lien avec le sacrement, qui ont conduit à la reconnaissance du sujet comme être de liberté face à Dieu, Luther rejetant l’extériorité du sacrement pour s’en remettre dans une foi confiante à la Parole de l’Évangile qui condamne et qui sauve, Ignace de Loyola découvrant par ailleurs en elle le principe de l’intériorité chrétienne.
Un profil spirituel de Mgr Christophe Munzihirwa Mwene Ngabu
Authors: Malulu-Lock Gauthier
Published: April 2015

À travers sa vie et sa mort tragique (1996), Mgr Christophe Munzihirwa sj, archevêque de Bukavu (R.D. Congo) a marqué les gens. Ceux qui l’ont connu témoignent que sa vie était un signe visible de l’amour propre aux disciples du Christ : être au milieu des frères comme celui qui sert (Lc 22,27). Cette étude voudrait justement faire connaître son « profil spirituel » qui comprend trois grandes composantes, à savoir la prière, la simplicité de vie et la promotion des valeurs libératrices de l’homme.
Flipping STEM Learning
Authors: Newman Dianna L. , Deyoe Meghan Morris , Connor Kenneth A. , Lamendola Jessica M.
Published: April 2015

The call for reform in education, based on the recognition of an increased role of technology, as well as the rapid advancement of technology types and uses, requires major changes to traditional methods of teaching. The purpose of this chapter is to present the results of the use of a flipped classroom approach in a higher education STEM course. The chapter includes information on the development and structure of the flipped classroom, the role of video lectures and active learning in supporting flipped instruction, the value of prior experience as a concomitant variable, and the benefits and limitations of the approach. Examination of findings supports this new method of instruction and learning; however, some student hesitance to move beyond traditional instruction suggests a need to implement the approach as a continuum, beginning with segments, then moving to a blended technique, with final transition into a totally flipped classroom. This process supports instructor development and student buy-in while allowing for formative assessment of resources and increasing of student efficacy.
Factors Predisposing Academics towards the Use of Blended Strategies
Authors: Torrisi-Steele Geraldine
Published: April 2015

Universities are investing considerable resources into blended learning as an institutional strategy to respond to pressures of uncertain economies, increasing globalisation, and the changing expectations of cohorts of digitally savvy students. However, the widespread adoption of effective blended teaching practices has generally not been achieved. A greater understanding of academics' blended teaching practices is needed to facilitate the uptake of effective blended practices on a larger scale. By exploring how various factors influence academics' use of technology with face-to-face teaching, the study makes a contribution to the understanding of academics' blended practices. The study described in this paper uses a mixed method, two phase methodology to develop a predictive model of blended strategy use. A major finding of the study is gender differences in factors predisposing academics towards blended strategy. Factors predisposing academics towards the use of blended in strategies in current practice were found to be: perceived usefulness (but only for male academics), higher education teaching experience, and self-efficacy (but only for females). Significant factors influencing academics' intentions for future blended practice were found to be: perceived usefulness, current use of blended strategies and, for female academics, perceived feasibility.
Benefits of the Flipped Classroom Model
Authors: Larcara Marie
Published: April 2015

With the advent of new technologies and the move for faculty to implement these into their teaching practice, a new model for course design and delivery has developed called the flipped classroom model. As more instructors investigate this model, the benefits, which include classroom management, active learning, critical thinking, and maximum use of student-faculty time together, become obvious. With classroom sizes increasing, more instruction moving online, and resources dwindling, the flipped classroom model can be an improved model for both instruction and quality learning. Research supports the benefits of the flipped classroom, but the change from a traditional classroom model to a flipped model requires a pedagogical shift on the part of both teacher and learner.
Evaluating a Learning Management System to Support Classroom Teaching
Authors: Melo de Lima Tiago França , Nazareth dos Passos Thiago
Published: April 2015

New pedagogical approaches are required to prepare future professionals. The educational model must be in consonance with the information and communication technologies. They help to improve knowledge dissemination and reduce space and time limitations between teachers and students. They should also motivate students and stimulate communication and collaboration among students, improving the learning process. Currently, the Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences of the Federal University of Ouro Preto (IEAS/UFOP) has no institutionalized tools of information and communication for teaching support. This allows the identification of some problems and difficulties on the educational process, such as absence of a centralized way to provide and access didactic resources, unavailability of a good communication tool between teachers and students, and lack of easy access to academic performance information for self evaluation. This chapter presents the authors' experience in choosing and evaluating a Learning Management System (LMS) to support classroom teaching at the IEAS. The authors investigate how the use of a LMS may improve teaching in the following aspects: (1) availability of didactic resources; (2) class planning and following up; (3) teacher-student communication; (4) monitoring of the academic performance of students during the course; (5) collaboration among students.
A Comparative Study of Business and Engineering Students' Attitude to Mobile Technologies in Distance Learning
Authors: Ahrens Andreas , Zaščerinska Jeļena
Published: April 2015

Mobile technologies are widely employed in distance learning in higher education to provide students with an opportunity to learn regardless of time and place in order to obtain a higher education degree. However, little attention has been paid to a comparative study of business and engineering students' attitudes toward mobile technologies. The aim of the chapter is to compare business and engineering students' attitudes toward mobile technologies in distance learning, underpinning elaboration of a hypothesis. The meanings of the key concepts of distance learning, blended learning, and attitude are studied. Moreover, the study demonstrates how the key concepts are related to the idea of mobile technologies and shows how the steps of the process are related: students' attitudes toward mobile technologies in distance learning? empirical study within multicultural environments ? conclusions. The results of the present research show that both business and engineering students' attitudes toward mobile technologies are positive.
Flipping the Classroom in a Teacher Education Course
Authors: Dickenson Patricia
Published: April 2015

Teacher education preparation programs prepare pre-service teachers for K-12 classrooms. In order to best prepare pre-service teachers, higher education institutions must be cognizant of the changes that are occurring in today's K-12 classes. The flipped model is an approach to instruction where direct instruction and lecture is viewed at home and class time is used for collaboration and project-based learning. This approach to instruction is becoming increasingly popular in primary and secondary education classrooms throughout the United States. It is important to examine how a flipped classroom approach may influence pre-service teachers in a university preparation program. This chapter explores a case study that examined the flipped classroom in a teacher education course compared to a traditional course.
Christian Leadership as a trans-disciplinary field of study
Authors: Kessler Volker , Kretzschmar Louise
Published: April 2015

The focus of this article is on Christian Leadership as a theological and academic field of study, rather than on the praxis of Christian leadership. We define Christian Leadership and note the varying ecclesial, theological and social contexts within which research in the field of Christian Leadership is conducted. We discuss some trends and areas of interest that emerge from within African and European contexts, especially those of South Africa and Germany. In the article, we show how research in Christian Leadership is linked to other disciplines, both theological and non-theological. Finally, we identify key areas of research and methodological issues relevant to the field of Christian Leadership, particularly in relation to the disciplines of Practical Theology and Theological Ethics. We give special credit to Schleiermacher who defined Practical Theology as the �theory of church leadership�.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: Christian leadership is understood as a trans-disciplinary field of study that draws on both theological and other disciplines (such as Management Sciences, Psychology and Sociology). Christian leadership can be pursued as a distinct discipline or a trans-disciplinary field of study, but it cannot be pursued in isolation.
Simulations of atmospheric OH, O3 and NO3 reactivities within and above the boreal forest
Authors: Mogensen D. , Gierens R. , Crowley J. N. , Keronen P. , Smolander S. , Sogachev A. , Nölscher A. C. , Zhou L. , Kulmala M. , Tang M. J. , Williams J. , Boy M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Using the 1-D atmospheric chemistry transport model SOSAA, we have investigated the atmospheric reactivity of a boreal forest ecosystem during the HUMPPA-COPEC-10 campaign (summer 2010, at SMEAR~II in southern Finland). For the very first time, we present vertically resolved model simulations of the NO3 and O3 reactivity (R) together with the modelled and measured reactivity of OH. We find that OH is the most reactive oxidant (R ∼ 3 s-1) followed by NO3 (R ∼ 0.07 s-1) and O3 (R ∼ 2 × 10-5s-1). The missing OH reactivity was found to be large in accordance with measurements (∼ 65%) as would be expected from the chemical subset described in the model. The accounted OH radical sinks were inorganic compounds (∼ 41%, mainly due to reaction with CO), emitted monoterpenes (∼ 14%) and oxidised biogenic volatile organic compounds (∼ 44%). The missing reactivity is expected to be due to unknown biogenic volatile organic compounds and their photoproducts, indicating that the true main sink of OH is not expected to be inorganic compounds. The NO3 radical was found to react mainly with primary emitted monoterpenes (∼ 60%) and inorganic compounds (∼ 37%, including NO2). NO2 is, however, only a temporary sink of NO3 under the conditions of the campaign (with typical temperatures of 20–25 °C) and does not affect the NO3 concentration. We discuss the difference between instantaneous and steady-state reactivity and present the first boreal forest steady-state lifetime of NO3 (113 s). O3 almost exclusively reacts with inorganic compounds (∼ 91%, mainly NO, but also NO2 during night) and less with primary emitted sesquiterpenes (∼ 6%) and monoterpenes (∼ 3%). When considering the concentration of the oxidants investigated, we find that OH is the oxidant that is capable of removing organic compounds at a faster rate during daytime, whereas NO3 can remove organic molecules at a faster rate during night-time. O3 competes with OH and NO3 during a short period of time in the early morning (around 5 a.m. local time) and in the evening (around 7–8 p.m.). As part of this study, we developed a simple empirical parameterisation for conversion of measured spectral irradiance into actinic flux. Further, the meteorological conditions were evaluated using radiosonde observations and ground-based measurements. The overall vertical structure of the boundary layer is discussed, together with validation of the surface energy balance and turbulent fluxes. The sensible heat and momentum fluxes above the canopy were on average overestimated, while the latent heat flux was underestimated.