bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of the smartphone-based AI cough monitoring app - Hyfe Cough Tracker against solicited respiratory sounds
Authors: Galvosas Mindaugas , Gabaldón-Figueira Juan C. , Keen Eric M. , Orrillo Virginia , Blavia Isabel , Chaccour Juliane , Small Peter M. , Giménez Gerard , Rudd Matthew , Grandjean Lapierre Simon , Chaccour Carlos
Published: June 2023

Background: Emerging technologies to remotely monitor patients’ cough show promise for various clinical applications. Currently available cough detection systems all represent a trade-off between convenience and performance. The accuracy of such technologies is highly contingent on the clinical settings in which they are intended to be used. Moreover, establishing gold standards to measure this accuracy is challenging.

Objectives: We present the first performance evaluation study of the Hyfe Cough Tracker app, a passive cough monitoring smartphone application. We evaluate performance for cough detection using continuous audio recordings obtained within a controlled environment and cough counting by trained individuals as the gold standard. We propose standard procedures to use multi-observer cough sound annotation from continuous audio recordings as the gold standard for evaluating automated cough detection devices.

Methods: This study was embedded in a larger digital acoustic surveillance study (clinicaltrial.gov NCT04762693). Forty-nine participants were included and instructed to produce a diverse series of solicited sounds in 10-minute sessions. Simultaneously, continuous audio recording was performed using a MP3 recorder and two smartphones running Hyfe Cough Tracker app monitored and identified cough events. All continuous audio recordings were independently labeled by three medically-trained researchers.

Results: Hyfe Cough Tracker app showed sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 98% with a very high correlation between the cough rate measured by Hyfe and that of human annotators (Pearson correlation of 0.968). A standardized approach to establish an acoustic gold standard for identifying cough sounds with multiple observers is presented.

Conclusion: This is the first performance evaluation of a new smartphone-based cough monitoring system. Hyfe Cough Tracker can detect, record and count coughs from solicited cough-like explosive sounds in controlled acoustic environments with very high accuracy. Additional steps are required to validate the system in clinical and community settings.
Perceived ease of use on visual learning application for mathematics using holography display for the topic on shape and space
Authors: Shiang Tyng Khoo , Badioze Zaman Halimah , Hanan Mohamad Ummul , Ahmad Azlina
Published: June 2023

Background: A person's life is built on a solid foundation of mathematics. Common causes of learning difficulties in mathematics include abstract ideas, a lack of imagination, and a lack of comprehension of the concepts being studied. Because 3D shapes are abstract concepts, the aim of this study is to better understand how to recognize them in primary school students.

Methods:  The development of the Mathematics E-Learning Visual application MEL-VIS(MEL-VIS) application involves the design of the Visual Learning Application Iteration-Evolution Development Model, MEL-VIS (PIEMEL-VIS), the MEL-VIS ID Model, and the MEL-VIS Application Module. The development methodology and ID model are built based on the application of various components such as learning theory, a visualization approach, a play-while-learning approach based on scaffolding techniques, as well as interaction and interface based on various touch technologies using tablet computers. The study's contributions are: (i) an iterative-evolutionary development model of the Visual Learning Application, MEL-VIS (PIEMEL-VIS); (ii) a MEL-VIS ID model; (iii) a MEL-VIS application prototype; and (iv) a usability testing instrument for the ease of use of the MEL-VIS application.

Results: The usability testing of the MEL-VIS application was carried out through a case study involving 80 students at a primary school in Putrajaya. A task-based, semi-experimental approach was used to assess the ease-of-use construct. Research instruments such as questionnaires and observation checklists are used in this test. The results of the study found that MEL-VIS has a positive impact on students after using the application.

Conclusions: Based on the test conducted, primary school students have given positive feedback to the prototype of the E-Visual MEL-VIS application. Thus, it can be concluded that the prototype of the E-Visual MEL-VIS application as a whole is effective, easy to learn and easy to use for student use for primary school mathematics subjects.
Medication use for depression and anxiety: data collected from 28/29 year-old offspring in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Fraser Holly , White Gail , Matthews Sarah , Rai Dheeraj , Davidson Brittany , Pearson Rebecca , McConville Ryan , Kwong Alex
Published: June 2023

Patterns of mental health have been well characterised in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), but there is a paucity of longitudinal medication data for depression and anxiety within the ALSPAC study. Understanding types and usage of pharmacological treatment allows for a deeper understanding of mental health in the ALSPAC study and key factors influencing illness outcomes, such as access to service provision. Enhanced understanding of the types of medication people have used to manage depression and anxiety could also give insight into which treatments work for individuals over the life course. This data note describes data collection on medication for depression and anxiety in the offspring (ALSPAC-G1) at ages 28-29 (born 1991/1992). Data were collected through a questionnaire deployed between December 2020 and April 2021. First, we highlight the variables collected as part of the questionnaire, specifically on medication use for depression and anxiety. We then outline how we have derived antidepressant variables including type of antidepressants, length of time used, and treatment phenotypes such as ‘remission’ and ‘non remission’. Finally, we also report associations between longitudinal mental health variables and reported use of medication and antidepressant variables to validate these new measures. Considerations for how the data collected can be used for researchers is also summarised.
ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT PROBLEMS OF LARGE AND MAJOR CITIES
Authors: Konovalova Tatiana V. , Senin Ivan S. , Nadiryan Sofia L. , Kotenkova Irina N.
Published: June 2023

In this article, the authors consider the transport problems of the largest and largest cities on the example of Krasnodar. The growth of housing construction in recent years has led to an increase in motorization, which increases the load of the city’s road network. Based on the analysis, we can conclude about the main directions of the development of the transport network of cities and the most anticipated problems.

Purpose: is to analyze the rate of population growth in cities, the growth of motorization and draw conclusions about the main transport problems of the city associated with these factors.

Method or methodology of the work: statistical analysis, synthesis were used in the article.

Results: the main directions of activity for solving transport problems of large and largest cities are determined on the example of Krasnodar, the growth rates of population, population density, growth of motorization are analyzed and conclusions are drawn about the influence of these factors on the functioning of the city’s transport system.

Scope of application of the results: research activity on the development of new approaches in the field of organization of transportation and transport services.
METHOD FOR INCREASING THE UNIFORMITY OF THE GAS-AIR MIXTURE IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION TRANSPORT ENGINES
Authors: Penkin Aleksei L. , Metlyakova Sofya A.
Published: June 2023

Increasing the uniformity of the gas-air mixture in gas transport engines makes it possible to ensure more complete combustion of fuel, reduce its specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas toxicity. There are known ways to increase uniformity, but there is no generalization of their principles and applicability for various engines. The article analyzes the existing methods and identifies their shortcomings. A method has been developed to increase the uniformity of the gas-air mixture in gas transport engines by controlling the position of the gas fuel jet in the incoming air stream. The dependence for controlling the position of the gas jet in the air flow is described. The results of experiments performed by means of computer modeling with central and distributed gas supply with different gas and air pressures are analyzed. During the experiments, the coefficient of uniformity of the gas-air mixture was determined. Separately, the depth of penetration of the gas fuel jet into the incoming air stream is estimated. Based on the simulation results, the effectiveness of the method was justified.

Purpose. Development of a method for increasing the uniformity of the gas-air mixture in internal combustion transport engines.

Methodology. Modeling of the movement of a methane jet in an air stream by the finite element method was used in the work.

Results. A method for increasing the uniformity of the gas-air mixture using the inlet pressure of the gas as the main variable parameter is formulated and justified.

Practical implications. The obtained results should be used to improve the efficiency and environmental friendliness of gas transport engines.
MANAGEMENT OF THE VAULTING SYSTEM BULK MATERIALS BASED ON A NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Vorobyov Alexander A. , Migrov Alexander A. , Romanova Irina Yu. , Evtyukov Stanislav S. , Moskvichev Oleg V.
Published: June 2023

Background. This article presents the composition and algorithm of the automated control system for the parameters of a pneumatic arch-breaking system installed on bunkers with bulk materials. The relevance and practical significance of the issue considered in the article is determined by the fact that when unloading bulk material from the hopper, various violations of the technological process may occur, manifested in the formation of material freezes inside the container, a decrease in the amount of unloaded material, segregation, up to a complete stop of unloading due to the formation of arches.

Materials and/or methods. Methods of mathematical modeling, system analysis, comparison, systems theory, as well as architecture and mathematical model of a recurrent neural network with feedback are used.

Results. The composition of input and output parameters of the control system is substantiated. Methods for solving problems of classifying parameter sets are considered and an artificial recurrent neural network with feedback and with a sigmoidal activation function of neurons of the hidden layer and a linear activation function of the output layer is selected.

Conclusion. The article analyzes the requirements for the system of automated control of the parameters of the pneumatic arch-breaking system. Based on the analysis of possible states of the system, the composition of the system elements and the sets of input, intermediate and output parameters of the system, as well as the objective function of the system operation, are substantiated. It is shown that the system can be built on the basis of an artificial neural network. The algorithm of the automated control system for the parameters of the pneumatic arch-breaking system has been developed.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED TO CLARIFY THE BASIC CONCEPTS AND FORMULAS OF AUTOMOTIVE EXPERTISE
Authors: Karev Boris N. , Volkov Andrey A.
Published: June 2023

The reliability of the investigation and the conclusions of the examination depends on how accurate and correct the initial information – the facts, circumstances and parameters of the condition of vehicles, road conditions and the driver accepted for consideration – corresponds to the mechanism of the accident. The reasons for this kind of inconsistencies in the information of the real situation may be different: the ambiguity of the verbal description of the environment and the condition of the pavement, the variance of the values of parameters and coefficients relative to their discrete reference value, the dependence of calculated values on numerous factors, measurement errors. In addition, the result depends on the completeness and accuracy of the formulas used, the accuracy of the definition of certain concepts, in particular, the concepts of the delay time of the brake actuation, the time of the deceleration rise, the vehicle’s use, etc.

That is why in the works of many authors devoted to the examination of accidents, it has been repeatedly noted that the information used in the investigation carries elements of uncertainty, which inevitably affects the correctness and reliability of the conclusions of the investigation.

Purpose – is to show the need to clarify the basic concepts and formulas used in production

Methodology of the work: the methods of formalization and specification of formulas used in the investigation of the examination of an accident were used in the work

Results: the examples given in the paper and the theoretical studies carried out show that a significant number of formulas used in automotive research require refinement and refinement.

Practical implications: it is advisable to apply the results obtained when conducting automotive research – investigation and examination of road accidents.
Editorial
Authors: Gough Melinda J. , Kelly Erin E.
Published: June 2023

This editorial launches our open call for book reviews editor(s), announces our 2023 essay prize winners, and commemorates the life of our late colleague and editorial board member Dr JoAnna Dutka.
Data Tracking Under Competition
Authors: Bimpikis Kostas , Morgenstern Ilan , Saban Daniela
Published: June 2023

When Consumers May Benefit from Firms Tracking and Exploiting Their Data

In today’s economy, firms routinely collect, track, and leverage consumer data to make decisions. Although the effects of these practices on consumers are complex and context-dependent, one may expect that that consumers would be disadvantaged if their data are used for a purpose that does not create value for them, such as personalized pricing. In “Data Tracking Under Competition,” Bimpikis, Morgenstern, and Saban develop a game-theoretic model to explore how technologies that allow firms to use consumer data for price discrimination affect market outcomes. Perhaps counter to intuition, they find that data-tracking practices may actually increase consumer surplus, even if consumers do not develop privacy concerns associated with disclosing their data and act myopically. However, this only occurs when multiple firms compete for consumers’ purchases. The study highlights the crucial role of competition in determining the benefits that consumers may derive from the data they generate and underscores the importance of considering competition in debates about the economic consequences of data-tracking practices.
Strength training as a means of increasing motor activity of female students of higher education institutions during distance learning
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Martynova Nataliia , Khotiienko Svitlana ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Prysiazhna Maria ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Published: June 2023

The article deals with the problem of increasing the physical activity of female students of higher education institutions during distance learning. It was found that during the period of self-isolation and during the martial law, the need of student youth for physical activity increased. If during the pandemic, motor activity affected the increase of the body’s immune system, then with the nervous and emotional stress that a person feels in the face of constant danger, the need for motor activity became urgent. After all, in addition to the academic load, student youth experience fear, mental pain and depression. Analysis of the scientific literature proved that physical activity has a protective effect against the onset of depression in young people. Key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity has an antidepressant effect have been found. Physical exercise, which is usually done in your free time, is more beneficial for mental health than activity during work. Also, experts determined that low cardiorespiratory endurance (CRF) is an indicator of lack of physical activity and is associated with a 64% higher risk of depression. Strength training for female students was developed and offered, which affects the development of certain strength qualities and the cardiovascular system; increases the weekly level of motor activity. Statistical calculations showed that the developed strength training has a positive effect on the physical fitness of female students, because during the period of its use, the studied indicators improved significantly. The emotional state of female students stabilized. A characteristic feature of the training was its use three times a week, which increased the level of motor activity to the optimal level. From this, it can be concluded that the tendency to reduce hours for the discipline “Physical Culture” in institutions of higher education is inappropriate, and even contradicts the rules of health care. It should be noted that the traditional system of physical education has undergone drastic changes. And she will not be the same as before. But such a concept as “motor activity” cannot remain on paper. Its increase should be fixed at the legislative level and supported by the state at the financial level and in the information space.
National and patriotic education of students by means of combat horting during martial law
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Otravenko Olena , Dovhan Nadiia ,   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Dihtyarenko Zoia ,   State Tax University, Hancheva Vladyslava ,   Institute of Education Content Modernization
Published: June 2023

The article reveals the enormous educational potential of combat horting as a national sport during martial law. It is determined that patriotism combines knowledge, emotions, feelings and actions. During the martial law, this is felt very acutely, and young people began to act little by little: to break away from gadgets and attend sections on combat training, to be interested in the basics of self-defense and protection, which is very relevant and timely today. On the basis of a systematic analysis of training programs on physical culture for general secondary education institutions (2022), a program on combat training for higher education institutions (2020, author – E. Yeromenko) and the authors’ personal experiences, the peculiarities of the methodology of teaching applied elements of combat training have been determined horting with the use and discussion of video materials, presentations for their better consolidation. As a recommendation, it is proposed to increase attention to the organization and conduct of events of a national and patriotic direction by means of combat horting (in particular, online events) with pupils, students and cadets during martial law. It is proposed to focus the attention of public organizations, centers of national-patriotic orientation on volunteer activities, psychological support, the development of scientific research, individual projects aimed at increasing motivation to engage in combat horting, as well as improving the psycho-emotional state, preserving and strengthening health, establishing cultural, family and national values, which will contribute to the formation of a high patriotic consciousness and Ukrainian civic identity, the education of the personal qualities of a citizen of our state, a patriot, a bearer of Ukrainian national culture.
The essence and structure of the communicative culture of the future specialist in the social sector
Authors:   SHEE ", Konoshenko Serhii ,   Donbas State Pedagogical University", Konoshenko Natalia ,   SHEE "Donbas State Pedagogical University", Trubnik Inna ,   SHEE "Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: June 2023

The article reveals the structural components of the communicative culture of a future specialist in the social sector. The functions of the communicative culture of society are revealed. It is substantiated that a person’s ability to adapt at work, in society, the ability to reduce the impact of negative factors on his emotional state, self-awareness depends on the level of communicative culture. The communicative culture of an individual is considered as a system of its qualities, which includes: the culture of speech action, the culture of tuning into communication and psycho-emotional regulation of one’s state, the culture of gestures and plasticity of movements, the culture of perceiving the communicative actions of a communication partner, the culture of emotions. The normative-value, cognitive and sign-symbolic components of the communicative culture of the individual as the main components of the communicative culture of the social sphere specialist are substantiated. These three components are complementary and interrelated with the dominance and determining position of normative and value. Accordingly, the selected components characterize the ideal, optimal, acceptable and unacceptable levels of communicative culture of a social specialist. It is shown that a communicative culture based on tolerance should reflect the multidimensionality and diversity of human culture and meet the requirements of the professional ethics of a specialist in the social sector. It is substantiated that the communicative culture of the individual manifests itself in communication.
Formation of university students’ moral consciousness in the context of modern transformations of Ukrainian society
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Aleksieieva Oksana , Pavlenko Iryna ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Kurlishchuk Inna ,   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical aspects of the moral consciousness formation of higher education institutions’ students in the context of current military aggression in Ukraine. The authors prove the relevance of the outlined problem that is determined by the main contradictions of our time. The researchers reveal the essence of the phenomenon of “morality” as an evaluative and imperative way of mastering reality, which regulates human behavior in the concept of “the good and evil” and as a way of spiritual self-determination of a person; “moral consciousness” as a medium of reflection the main principles and norms of morality in human minds that regulate the human relationship as well as their attitude to society, from the standpoint of internalization of public moral concepts and values, cognitive and evolutionary concept and activity approach. It is identified a four-component structure of moral consciousness (cognitive, worldview, emotional and behavioral components) that based on the individual’s activity in various activities. It is emphasized that all structural components of moral consciousness work as one. The issues of the formation of university students’ moral consciousness are characterized, including such as the peculiarities of the situation of age development, the leading type of activity and the social situation in modern Ukrainian society, which poses a number of difficult choices and moral tests for nowadays young people. The qualities of students’ mature moral consciousness at the present stage are defined. Among them are: communication skills, management of their own behavior, skills of making responsible decisions, high level of consciousness, ability to navigate in difficult life circumstances. Prospects for further research in terms of searching and theoretical substantiation of effective pedagogical conditions for the formation of moral consciousness of students in higher education institutions are outlined.
The essence of readiness for creative professional activities of future primary teachers
Authors:   SHEE ", Klimashevska Hanna ,   Donbas State Pedagogical University"
Published: June 2023

The article discusses the features of the professional training of future primary school teachers under conditions specially created for it. Modern approaches to determining the readiness for creative activity of future primary school teachers are analyzed. It is proved that the readiness of applicants for higher education for professional activities is a complex psychological formation and the result of special professional education, upbringing and self-education and is characterized by a professional orientation of the individual to obtain professional knowledge and skills and a creative educational and educational activity. The problem of readiness for creative professional activity of future primary school teachers has been studied through the disclosure of its content and the definition of structural components, with the help of which it is possible to most clearly explore the process itself and the result of pedagogical influence. It has been determined that the essence of readiness for creative professional activity of future primary school teachers implies the gradual mastering of one’s own inner world by the personality, which becomes a means of self-knowledge and application of the acquired knowledge and skills in further professional activities; provides an increase in the creative potential of the individual, which allows you to form the skills of professional activity; forms «special» creativity as the ability to create, which is associated with the professional field of activity. It has been determined that the readiness for creative professional activity of future primary school teachers as an integrative personal education lies in the unity of positive motivation for the creative mastery of the teacher’s profession (motivational component), an integrated system of knowledge about the essence of technology of creative professional activity of a teacher (cognitive component) and teaching and educational activities (activity component).
Formation of natural science competency concept based on PISA international research
Authors:   H. S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Makieiev Serhii
Published: June 2023

The article presents an analysis of conceptual apparatus formation of science competency and a role in this process of PISA international study of education quality. The components and aspects of science competency are considered, presented in educational documents of the European Union and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. It is revealed that recommendations of the European Council and reference frameworks of the European Commission “Key competences for lifelong learning” distinguish such components of science competency as knowledge, skills and attitudes. It is noted that the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development framework documents for PISA international study of education quality formulates an equivalent concept of “science literacy”, consisting of a number of aspects – contexts, competencies, knowledge and attitudes. Changes in determination of science literacy in PISA study for the period 2000–2022 and characteristics of its aspects are analyzed. Significant attention is paid to specifics of PISA terminology, its complexity and versatility. Ukrainian definitions of science competency in national normative educational documents and concepts are investigated. It is determined that they are largely focused on foreign recommendations and framework documents of international research, and also distinguish certain components of competency – basic knowledge, skills and attitudes. The author emphasized the need to further borrowing by national education system of world experience in the field of competency approach implementation, in connection with transition of basic school to study by new educational standards on competent basis.
Considerations regarding the composition of the cockpit
view for a modern simulator
Authors: BALABAN Anton , NEAMTU Andrei , BERBENTE Sorin , STROE Gabriela-Liliana , STEFANESCU Irina-Beatrice , COSTEA Emil , ANDREI Irina-Carmen , POPESCU Ionel
Published: June 2023

This study shows how to generate images and compose images in the modern simulator room by starting multiple work sessions running at the same time so that all active server stations and the station to connect to are continuously displayed. Each server handles specific functions of the
simulation process and runs a dedicated software application for its specific functions. For a supervised flight simulator, the following functions need to have dedicated applications:
1) Flight Dynamics Simulation,
2) Graphical projection,
3) Cockpit and Flight instrumentation simulation and integration,
4) Supervisor station.
Out of these functions, Graphical projections and Cockpit and Flight instrumentation and integration require the most computational resources. Simulators need to present the view from a cockpit which
requires a field of view of at least 180 degrees. This requires at least three displays usually in the form of projectors. In legacy implementations due to computational bottlenecks, each projector needed a dedicated computer. Similarly, the Cockpit and Flight instrumentation simulation requires usually upwards of 100 flight instrument simulations and embedded processors to be managed. In legacy implementations, one computer is needed for each piloting station. In recent implementations due to the increased performance of multi-core processors, many of these functions can be handled by single computers: the flight dynamics simulation and graphical projection functions can currently be handled
by a single computer, similarly, all Cockpit and Flight instrumentation simulation and integration can be handled by another computer. Thus, a minimum of three servers are required to ensure full functionality of supervised simulation using modern computing systems.
Effect of Multiple Grooves on Aerodynamic Performance of a Low Reynolds Number UAV Propeller (Part II)
Authors: SEENI Aravind
Published: June 2023

In an continuation of work previously performed by the author on grooved propellers, numerical investigations are performed on Applied Precision Composites 10×7 Slow Flyer propeller.
Computational Fluid Dynamics is used to analyze the novel design. The grooved sections considered have a rectangular geometry measuring 0.1×0.1mm are placed interchangeably at 0.09c, 0.17c, 0.32c and 0.42c from the leading edge in a multi-grooved configuration i.e. more than 2 grooves. The results of the study showed that the presence of grooves had modified the flow characteristics only to detrimentally impact the thrust performance. However, the grooves improved power performance due to torque reduction. The analysis of the results showed that, in most models, low torque relative to the baseline in the operational range of the low to medium advance ratio range exists. The improvement in torque, however, did not improve efficiency in all models.
Study on the practical method implementation of the navigation equations in a simulated FMS
Authors: NEAMTU Andrei , BALABAN Anton , BERBENTE Sorin , STROE Gabriela-Liliana , COSTEA Emil , STEFANESCU Irina-Beatrice , ANDREI Irina-Carmen , POPESCU Ionel
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the main objective of Air Traffic Management Systems – ATMS that is to achieve optimized performance in terms of aviation safety and the enhancement of the current air transport system, through the in-depth study of the complex integration of all advanced technologies regarding air traffic monitoring, aeronautical communications on-board computers, display and control systems within the extended framework of Air Traffic Services - ATS. The Flight Management System - FMS is indispensable for flight planning, air navigation, flight performance management, aircraft guidance on the flight path and continuous monitoring of the progress during flight. The FMS is the device used by the flight crew to select various modes of flight control via the flight control computer - FCM and to display flight plans and other flight data via the Multi-Functional Control Display Unit - MCDU. The flight path is monitored by the MCDU and the Electronic Instrument System – EIS. The in-depth study of Air Transport Efficiency when applying air traffic service operational analysis and trajectory determination methods to identify key areas of Air Traffic Management
inefficiencies and to prioritize and implement appropriate optimization methods are presented and analyzed in detail in this paper.
Reduced spatiotemporal bandwidth of motion stabilized event-based imaging sensors: experimental demonstration
Authors: Cox Joseph C. , Ashok Amit , Morley Nicholas
Published: June 2023

This work investigates event-based sensor (EBS) imaging system’s
read-out bandwidth performance under linear motion, with and without
hardware stabilization techniques. We implement three image
stabilization methods using hardware rotation to cancel the sensor
platform’s linear motion and recapture lost EBS performance. We
successfully demonstrated the methods, showing a bandwidth reduction
of over an order of magnitude in two scenes, 10 scene variations, and
five EBS velocities. This work demonstrates the benefits of
stabilization with EBS to reduce bandwidth requirements versus
unstabilized EBS systems.
Full-Stokes polarization laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy detection of infiltrative glioma boundary tissue
Authors: Teng Geer , Wang Qianqian , Hao Qun , Fan Axin , Yang Haifeng , Xu Xiangjun , Chen Guoyan , Wei Kai , Zhao Zhifang , Khan M. Nouman , Idrees Bushra Sana , Bao Mengyu , Luo Tianzhong , Zheng Yongyue , Lu Bingheng
Published: June 2023

The glioma boundary is difficult to identify during surgery due to the infiltrative characteristics of tumor cells. In order to ensure a full resection rate and increase the postoperative survival of patients, it is often necessary to make an expansion range resection, which may have harmful effects on the quality of the patient's survival. A full-Stokes laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (FSLIBS) theory with a corresponding system is proposed to combine the elemental composition information and polarization information for glioma boundary detection. To verify the elemental content of brain tissues and provide an analytical basis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and LIBS are also applied to analyze the healthy, boundary, and glioma tissues. Totally, 42 fresh tissue samples are analyzed, and the Ca, Na, K elemental lines and CN, C2 molecular fragmental bands are proved to take an important role in the different tissue identification. The FSLIBS provides complete polarization information and elemental information than conventional LIBS elemental analysis. The Stokes parameter spectra can significantly reduce the under-fitting phenomenon of artificial intelligence identification models. Meanwhile, the FSLIBS spectral features within glioma samples are relatively more stable than boundary and healthy tissues. Other tissues may be affected obviously by individual differences in lesion positions and patients. In the future, the FSLIBS may be used for the precise identification of glioma boundaries based on polarization and elemental characterizing ability.
Average capacity of an underwater wireless communication link with the quasi-Airy hypergeometric-Gaussian vortex beam based on a modified channel model
Authors: Chen Hang , Zhang Peng , He Shuang , Dai Hui , Fan Yunlong , Wang Yuanxin , Tong Shoufeng
Published: June 2023

Prompted by alleviating the random perturbation of underwater channel and enhancing the performance for the orbital angular momentum (OAM) -based underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC), the quasi-Airy Hypergeometric-Gaussian (QAHyGG) vortex beam is first proposed and demonstrated. Moreover, an underwater channel model is first modified for more accurate simulated results of the propagation property of various beams. Based on the modified model, the transmission and communication performance of three different OAM-carrying beams (the Gauss vortex (GV) beam, the Hypergeometric-Gaussian (HyGG) vortex beam, and the QAHyGG vortex beam) are comparatively studied. In addition, the parameters optimization of the QAHyGG vortex beam is made for further enhancing the average capacity. The results show that the QAHyGG vortex beam exhibits higher received power and lower crosstalk probability under different channel conditions. The average capacity of the QAHyGG vortex beam has enhanced by ∼8% and ∼27% compared with the HyGG vortex beam and the GV beam at 100m, respectively. The QAHyGG vortex beam is more suitable in an OAM-based UWOC system with a limited-size receiving aperture or lower transmit power. Besides, the average capacity will improve effectively at longer distances with the optimized beam parameters. These research results can provide advances in designing the practical OAM-based UWOC system.
High-power, sub-100-fs, 1600-1700-nm all-fiber laser for deep multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Sun Mengzhen , Cui Jingyi , Yu Bosong , Feng Zhichao , Li Yijun , Chen Yanchuan , Wang Yisen , Feng Lishuang , Liu Yizhou , Wang Aimin
Published: June 2023

The 1600-1700-nm ultrafast fiber lasers attract great interests in the deep multiphoton microscopy, due to the reduced levels of the tissue scattering and absorption. Here, we report on the 86.7-MHz, 717-mW, 91.2-fs, all-fiber laser located in the spectral range from 1600 nm to 1700nm. The soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) was introduced into the Er:Yb co-doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) to generate the high-power, 1600-1700-nm Raman soliton. Detailed investigations of the nonlinear fiber amplification process were implemented in optimizing the generated Raman soliton pulses. The miniature multiphoton microscopy was further realized with this home-built laser source. The clearly imaging results can be achieved by collecting the generated harmonic signals from the mouse tail skin tissue with a penetration depth of ∼500 µm. The experimental results indicate the great potential in utilizing this 1600-1700-nm fiber laser in the deep multiphoton microscopy.
Compact Vernier sensor with an all-fiber reflective scheme for simultaneous measurements of temperature and strain
Authors: Lu Dunke , Ma Lina , Yang Cheng , Zhang Bingzhi , Wan Minggui , Huang Shihong , Fang Xiaohui
Published: June 2023

We propose an all-fiber reflective sensing scheme to simultaneously measure temperature and strain. A length of polarization-maintaining fiber serves as the sensing element, and a piece of hollow-core fiber assists with introducing Vernier effect. Both theoretical deductions and simulative studies have demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed Vernier sensor. Experimental results have shown that the sensor can deliver sensitivities of −88.73 nm/°C and 1.61 nm/με for temperature and strain, respectively. Further, Both theoretical analyses and experimental results have suggested the capability of simultaneous measurement for such a sensor. Significantly, the proposed Vernier sensor not only presents high sensitivities, but also exhibits a simple structure, compact size and light weight, as well as demonstrates ease of fabrication and hence high repeatability, thus holding great promise for widespread applications in daily life and industry world.
Dual-wavelength passively Q-switched Ho:GdVO4 self-Raman laser operating at 2473 nm and 2520 nm
Authors: Kang Panqiang , Zhang Xinlu , Jing Xiaofan , Chen Conghui , Pang Shuai , Huang Jinjer
Published: June 2023

A dual-wavelength passively Q-switched Ho:GdVO4 self-Raman laser in the 2.5 µm wave band was demonstrated with Cr:ZnS as a saturable absorber. Synchronized dual-wavelength pulsed laser outputs at 2473 nm and 2520 nm were acquired, corresponding to Raman frequency shifts of 808 cm−1 and 883 cm−1, respectively. The maximum total average output power of 114.9 mW was obtained at an incident pump power of 12.8 W with a pulse repetition rate of 3.57 kHz and a pulse width of 16.36 ns. The maximum total single pulse energy was 32.18 µJ, corresponding to a total peak power of 1.97 kW. The power ratios of the two Raman lasers can be controlled by varying the incident pump power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a dual-wavelength passively Q-switched self-Raman laser in the 2.5 µm wave band has been reported.
High power, broad tuning, double-stack quantum cascade laser at λ ∼ 6.9 µm
Authors: Niu Shan , Lu QuanYong , Sun YongQiang , Ma Yu , Lu XiYu , Liu FengQi , Zhang JinChuan , Zhuo Ning
Published: June 2023

Broadband double-stack quantum cascade lasers with strain-balanced In0.60Ga0.40As/In0.43Al0.57As and In0.60Ga0.40As/In0.41Al0.59As emitting at a wavelength of 6.9 µm are reported. The double-stack design is achieved by changing the beam flux of the aluminum effusion cell. The maximum continuous-wave power at room temperature (293 K) is 1.07 W. Tuning ranges of 195 and 104 cm−1 in pulsed and continuous-wave modes, respectively, are obtained using an external-cavity measurement system. The continuous-wave power of the external-cavity mode exceeds 110 mW, and is thus suitable for the detection of some functional groups.
Implementation of a novel nursing assessment tool in geriatric trauma patients with proximal femur fractures
Authors: Berk Till , Thalmann Marion , Jensen Kai Oliver , Schwarzenberg Peter , Jukema Gerrolt Nico , Pape Hans-Christoph , Halvachizadeh Sascha
Published: June 2023

Background

Geriatric trauma patients represent a special challenge in postoperative care and are prone to specific complications. The goal of this study was to analyse the predictive potential of a novel nursing assessment tool, the outcome-oriented nursing assessment for acute care (ePA-AC), in geriatric trauma patients with proximal femur fractures (PFF).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of geriatric trauma patients aged ≥ 70 years with PFF was conducted at a level 1 trauma centre. The ePA-AC is a routinely used tool that evaluates pneumonia; confusion, delirium and dementia (CDD); decubitus (Braden Score); the risk of falls; the Fried Frailty index (FFI); and nutrition. Assessment of the novel tool included analysis of its ability to predict complications including delirium, pneumonia and decubitus.

Results

The novel ePA-AC tool was investigated in 71 geriatric trauma patients. In total, 49 patients (67.7%) developed at least one complication. The most common complication was delirium (n = 22, 44.9%). The group with complications (Group C) had a significantly higher FFI compared with the group without complications (Group NC) (1.7 ± 0.5 vs 1.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.002). Group C had a significantly higher risk score for malnutrition compared with Group NC (6.3 ± 3.4 vs 3.9 ± 2.8, p = 0.004). A higher FFI score increased the risk of developing complications (odds ratio [OR] 9.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0 to 47.7, p = 0.005). A higher CDD score increased the risk of developing delirium (OR 9.3, 95% CI 2.9 to 29.4, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The FFI, CDD, and nutritional assessment tools are associated with the development of complications in geriatric trauma patients with PFF. These tools can support the identification of geriatric patients at risk and might guide individualised treatment strategies and preventive measures.
Heavy metal content and microbial characteristics of soil plant system in Dabaoshan mining area, Guangdong Province
Authors: Qin Jianqiao , Jiang Xueding , Yan Zhiqiang , Zhao Huarong , Zhao Peng , Yao Yibo , Chen Xi
Published: June 2023

The disordered mining of Dabaoshan lead-zinc mineral resources in Shaoguan has brought serious harm to the regional ecological environment. In order to investigate the heavy metal pollution status and microbial characteristics of soil plant system in mining area, The distribution of heavy metals in the soil, the activity of soil microorganisms and the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in the dominant plant Miscanthus floridulus were studied. The results indicated that metal element contents of Miscanthus floridulus in sequence were: Zn>Pb>Cu> Cd. This study demonstrated that the elemental content of the Miscanthus floridulus plant showed Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd, with Zn being the most significantly correlated with soil elements, followed by Pb. Compared with the control group, the Miscanthus floridulus-soil system possessed obviously different soil microbial features: intensiver in microbial basal respiration strength, and higher microbial eco-physiological parameters Cmic/Corg and qCO2, but lower in soil microbial biomass. The results showed the soil enzymatic activities decreased significantly with increase of contamination of heavy metals, especially dehydrogenase and urease activities. With the increase of the content of heavy metals in the mining area soil, the intensity of soil biochemical action in the mining area (Q1, Q2) soil decreased significantly, and the biochemical action showed a significant negative correlation with the content of heavy metals in the soil. Compared with the non mining area (Q8) soil, the intensity of soil ammonification, nitrification, N fixation and cellulose decomposition decreased by 43.2%~71.1%, 70.1%~92.1%, 58.7%~87.8% and 55.3%~79.8% respectively. The decrease of soil microbial activity weakened the circulation rate and energy flow of C and N nutrients in the soil of the mining area.
Do student differences in reading enjoyment relate to achievement when using the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model across primary and secondary school?
Authors: Coventry William Luya , Farraway Sarah , Larsen Sally A. , Enis Tim P. , Forbes Alexander Q. , Brown Stephen L.
Published: June 2023

Recent longitudinal research using the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), which disentangles the within and between variances, has afforded greater insights than previously possible. Moreover, the impact of reading enjoyment and reading for fun on subsequent school achievement, and vice versa, has only recently been scrutinized through this lens. This study’s longitudinal data (grades 3, 5, 7, and 9) comprised 2,716 Australian students aged 8 to 16 years, with school reading achievement measured by the National Assessment Program: Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN). The RI-CLPMs’ within-person effects were not trivial, accounting for approximately two-thirds and one-third of the variance in enjoyment/fun and achievement, respectively, with between-person effects accounting for the balance. Here, we highlight a reversing direction of reading achievement’s cross-lagged effect on subsequent reading enjoyment but note that the evidence for this over a reciprocal directionality was marginal. In mid-primary school, achievement at grade 3 predicted enjoyment at grade 5 more than the converse (i.e. enjoyment at grade 3 to achievement at grade 5). By secondary school, however, the directionality had flipped: enjoyment at grade 7 predicted achievement at grade 9 more so than the reverse. We termed this pattern the skill-leisure-skill directionality (S-L-S), as it concurred with the only two former studies that modelled equivalent instruments with the RI-CLPM. This model’s cross-lagged estimates represent deviations relative to a student’s average (i.e., within-person effect). In other words, students who enjoyed reading more (or less) in grade 7 achieved reading scores that were higher (or lower) than their average in grade 9. The implications for reading pedagogy are further discussed.