bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BLOCKCHAIN AS DATA PROTECTION IN FINANCE
Authors: Shaidulov Ruslan , Kenzhegalieva Zita
Published: February 2023

Five years ago, it would have been difficult to describe Kazakhstan’s economy as highly digitized. However, the country is currently implementing state programs aimed at improving the socio-economic conditions of its citizens, with a focus on digitalization and the streamlining of financial monitoring systems for budget expenditure. The process of introducing digital technologies, in various forms, serves to increase transparency in state reporting, which in turn helps to control budget expenditures and investments. The goal of these efforts is to improve economic indicators within the state budget system and to allocate public funds more efficiently in order to achieve the best results across all sectors of Kazakhstan’s economy. In addition, the adoption of blockchain technology can address various security threats and problems, such as phishing attacks, server hacking, and compromised accounts, by allowing users to reclaim control of their data. The use of blockchain, which offers a high level of security and privacy, has the potential to revolutionize industries that rely on trust. In the long term, it is expected that blockchain will become a widely accepted and integral part of society, similar to the internet. The digitalization of finance in Kazakhstan is necessary to simplify and automate accounting, financial monitoring, and various banking and tax operations. It also makes it possible to improve the transparency of financial reports and increase the efficiency of budget management. The digitalization of finance can also reduce the risks of errors in working with accounting documentation, simplify accounting, and improve cost control. With the use of digital technologies, the process of data collection, processing, and storage becomes more efficient, saving time and resources.
No such thing as Capitalism or Socialism:All societies have always been and continue to be caste systems
Authors: Asimakopoulos John
Published: February 2023

Using the analytical tools of social science and statistical data while historicizing, I document that all societies in every epoch have been and continue to be caste systems legitimized by various ideologies. There is no such thing as capitalism (or socialism)—only a caste system hidden behind capitalist ideology. KEYWORDS: Stratification, Class, Caste, Capitalism, Political Theory, Inequality, History, Income, Wealth, Distribution, Statitics, Data
Book Review: John Asimakopoulos, The Political Economy of the Spectacle and Postmodern Caste.
Authors: Harden Garrick
Published: February 2023

Dr. John Asimakopoulos has crafted a fascinating study into the larger debate regarding social structure within the context of postmodern culture. During the latter half of the Twentieth century and into this third decade of the Twenty-First century, there has been passionate debate across disciplines on the reality of postmodern culture. Jürgen Habermas and Jean-François Lyotard argued about modernity’s continued existence with Habermas, as well as notable scholars such as Anthony Giddens, declaring modernity an “unfinished project;” and drawing from Eighteenth and Nineteenth century German Idealism, especially Georg Hegel, as a “juggernaut” and that we have no choice but to allow modernity to steamroll over anyone and everyone until it plays itself out. We have Noam Chomsky and Michel Foucault debating the notion of “human nature” from Modernist and Poststructuralist (respectively) perspectives; we have the Sokal Affair when a mathematician was able to publish a joke paper in a postmodern journal deconstructing the notion of the atom. We had books telling us to “forget Foucault” or to “forget Baudrillard.” Though the larger debate in academia was never resolved, few scholars discuss it now. Looking at the history of the overall debate, it would be easy to conclude that scholars ended at an impasse and that these lines of theoretical thought are intellectual dead ends.
Parametric Investigations into the Analysis of Piled Raft for Multi-Storeyed Building
Authors: Chore Hemant , Siddiqui Junaid , Kishore Ashish
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the analysis of the piled raft for a 50-story building using an approximate method to estimate the settlement and load distribution of the foundation. The pile and soils are considered to be interacting springs, and the raft is represented as a thin plate. The model takes into account both the resistance of the piles and the resistance of the raft foundation. It is calculated how the raft, soil, and pile interact. The suggested technique enables the use of the finite element based program ETABS to quickly address the issues of small, non-uniformly arranged rafts and big, non-uniformly ordered rafts. The effect of different pile length and diameter is evaluated on the behaviour of piled raft. With an increase in pile lengths, the moments in the raft are found to increase while the settlement of the pile decreases. Further, increases in pile diameter are found to increase the moments in the raft while decreasing the settlement of the raft. The parameters such as pile diameter and pile length have a considerable effect on the response of a foundation considered in the present study
SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF URBAN ECONOMIC RESILIENCE AND ITS INFLUENCING FACTORS: EVIDENCE FROM BAIDU MIGRATION BIG DATA
Authors: Chen Yu , Li Keyang , Zhou Qian
Published: February 2023

Under the development pattern of the “double cycle”, optimizing urban economic resilience is tremendously meaningful to improving a city’s affordability and the adaptability of the economy and to promoting the Chinese economy to develop with high quality. Based on Baidu migration big data perspective, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and multi-scale geographical weighted regression (MGWR) model were used to analyze the spatial characteristics and driving factors of economic resilience in 287 Chinese cities in 2019. The results show that (1) the number of low-level economically resilient cities is the largest and distributed continuously, while the number of high-level economically resilient cities is the lowest and distributed in clusters and blocks; (2) compared with the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta, the population accumulation characteristic of the Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei region is relatively slow; (3) Both net inflow of population after spring festival and daily flow scale are significantly correlated with urban economic resilience, and the former will affect urban economic resilience; and (4) the spatial heterogeneity of each factor driving is significant, and they have different impact scales. The impact intensity is as follows: net population inflow > innovation ability > public financial expenditure > financial efficiency > urban size.
Discovery of a New Molecular Bubble–Outflow Structure in the Taurus B18 Cloud
Authors: Duan Yan , Li Di , Goldsmith Paul F. , Pagani Laurent , Ching Tao-Chung , Liu Shu , Xie Jinjin , Wang Chen
Published: February 2023

Star formation can produce bubbles and outflows, as a result of stellar feedback. Outflows and bubbles inject momentum and energy into the surrounding interstellar medium, and so are related to the overall energy balance of the molecular cloud. Molecular bubbles can be resolved by higher-resolution radio telescopes to quantify the effect of star formation on molecular clouds. We report here the identification of a new molecular bubble with an outflow, and a Herbig–Haro object, HH 319, located at the bubble center. Multiwavelength data have been utilized to study its spatial structure, energy injection, and dynamical timescale. This bubble has a kinetic energy of 5.8 × 1043 erg within the smallest radius of a bubble in Taurus, 0.077 pc. The bubble formed ∼70,000 yr ago. According to the proper-motion velocities of protostars from Gaia EDR3, the T Tauri binary stars (FY Tau and FZ Tau) at the southwest edge of the bubble may have produced the outflow–bubble structure. This is an unusual new structure found in low- and intermediate-mass star formation regions. Only a bubble in Orion A, driven by V380 Ori, has a similar structure. The bubble–outflow structure provides additional observational evidence for the theory of stellar wind from T Tauri stars. It enhances our understanding of how stellar feedback acts on molecular clouds.
A Nearby Isolated Dwarf: Star Formation and Structure of ESO 006–001
Authors: Makarova Lidia N. , Tully R. Brent , Anand Gagandeep S. , Lambert Trystan S. , Sharina Margarita E. , Koribalski Bärbel S. , Kraan-Korteweg Renée C.
Published: February 2023

Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope unexpectedly revealed that the dwarf galaxy ESO 006–001 is a near neighbor to the Local Group at a distance of 2.70 ± 0.11 Mpc. The stellar population in the galaxy is well resolved into individual stars to a limit of M

I
∼ − 0.5 mag. The dominant population is older than 12 Gyr yet displays a significant range in metallicity of −2 < [Fe/H] < − 1, as evidenced by a red giant branch with substantial width. Superimposed on the dominant population are stars on the main sequence with ages less than 100 Myr and helium burning blue loop stars with ages of several hundred Myr. ESO 006–001 is an example of a transition dwarf; a galaxy dominated by old stars but one that has experienced limited recent star formation in a swath near the center. No H i gas is detected at the location of the optical galaxy in spite of the evidence for young stars. Intriguingly, an H i cloud with a similar redshift is detected 9 kpc away in projection. Otherwise, ESO 006–001 is a galaxy in isolation with its nearest known neighbor IC 3104, itself a dwarf, at a distance of ∼500 kpc.
A new species of the genus Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Anomalepididae) from Colombia and the synonymization of Liotyphlops beui (Amaral, 1924) with Liotyphlops ternetzii (Boulenger, 1896)
Authors: Marra Santos Fidélis Júnio
Published: February 2023

A new species of Liotyphlops Peters, 1881, Liotyphlops palauophissp. nov., is described from the neighborhoods of Bogota, Colombia from a previous syntype of L. anops, and a lectotype is designated for the latter species. The new species is readily distinguished from congeners by having the frontal scale divided (vs single), and a central foramen in the parabasisphenoid (vs foramen absent). High-resolution x-ray computed tomography (HRXCT) was used to study and present data on the skull of the holotype of the new species, the lectotype of L. anops, and the holotype of L. ternetzii. Additionally, extensive study of skull characters and external morphology failed to find diagnostic characters to differentiate L. beui and L. ternetzii, and the former is here considered a junior synonym of L. ternetzii, which is also redescribed.
Netzwerkanalyse und Literaturwissenschaft. Grundsätzliche Überlegungen am Beispiel des Archivs des Literarischen Colloquiums Berlin
Authors: Hehl Michael Peter
Published: February 2023

En s’appuyant sur l’exemple de documents provenant des archives du Literarisches Colloquium Berlin (LCB) et du fonds de Walter Höllerer, son fondateur, l’article s’intéresse à la fécondité de l’analyse sociologique des réseaux pour les études littéraires allemandes. Deux moments sont mis en valeur : l’histoire de la fondation du LCB et le colloque de poétologie qui s’y est tenu à la fin des années 1980. On relève une superposition – caractéristique de l’époque de la Guerre froide – des discours poétologico-esthétiques d’une part et de politique culturelle d’autre part. Tout cela est mis en rapport avec la position poétologique de Walter Höllerer tout en prenant en compte sa position dans les réseaux transatlantiques.
“The Past is the Present”: Marianne Moore’s Historiographical Observations
Authors: Clavier Aurore
Published: February 2023

Alors que les centenaires de divers « monuments » modernistes rappellent quels paradoxes entourent la « tradition du neuf » (H. Rosenberg) que leurs auteurs et critiques ont contribué à instaurer, l’œuvre poétique de Marianne Moore nous invite à réenvisager le mouvement à l’aune de temporalités alternatives, qui en compliquent radicalement l’histoire et les manières de l’écrire. Entre parutions éphémères dans des petites revues et élaboration d’un corpus de recueils perpétuellement changeant, qui finira par dissoudre les contours d’un moment faussement inaugural, le premier volume américain de l’autrice, Observations (1924), permet de mesurer l’intérêt que Moore porta à l’histoire sous toutes ses formes (littéraire, humaine, ou encore naturelle), autant que les façons dont elle s’employa à en brouiller le dess(e)in, au moment même où l’historiographie connaissait ses premiers soubresauts. Récusant tout autant quête des origines que visions prophétiques, ses « observations » s’offrent comme un montage de temporalités impures, une dialectique à la fois visuelle et textuelle, dont le pouvoir anachronique en vient à défaire et reconfigurer sans cesse l’histoire même du mouvement moderniste.
Rethinking Modernism with Sylvia Townsend Warner’s Lolly Willowes (1926)
Authors: Reynier Christine
Published: February 2023

Alors que le modernisme a été redéfini au fil des ans et a connu une expansion temporelle et spatiale, 1922 continue d’être cité comme l’ annus mirabilis du modernisme britannique. Cent ans plus tard, quelles sont les raisons de conserver cette date comme point de repère ? Une tendance récente dans les études modernistes a commencé à identifier une conscience écologique dans des œuvres modernistes jusqu’ici passées sous silence ou souvent contournées. Une telle approche peut signifier que l’apogée du modernisme ne se situe pas en 1922, ou peut au moins contribuer à élargir le canon moderniste conventionnel et mettre en avant une autre définition du modernisme, fondée sur un style de vie alternatif, voire une idéologie alternative. Cet article se concentre sur un roman qui illustre ce style de vie alternatif et définit différemment la modernité, à la fois comme synonyme d’émancipation des femmes et comme posture humaine spécifique. En se fondant sur certains concepts introduits par la théorie néo-matérialiste, il montre que le premier roman de S.T. Warner, Lolly Willowes , est novateur et témoigne d’une authentique conscience écologique. Sa publication pourrait ainsi apparaître comme un tournant dans l’histoire littéraire, qui remettrait en cause la définition conventionnelle du modernisme et le réorienterait vers une vision plus écologique.
“Mine was a dislocated journey”: Reflexivity and Fragmentation in Mina Loy’s Autobiographies and Archives
Authors: Drouin Diane
Published: February 2023

S’appuyant sur les autobiographies en prose inédites de Mina Loy, cet article suggère que ces textes en constante évolution articulent les images de soi multiples et fragmentées qu’elle a élaborées tout au long de sa vie. En effet, Loy a pris activement part à la construction du mythe entourant son œuvre et ses diverses personae, comme le montrent les révisions constantes de ses textes en prose entre les années 1920 et sa disparition en 1966. Loy encourage cette lecture autobiographique de ses textes dans les notes marginales qu’elle appose sur ses manuscrits, offrant par là-même à la critique une grille de lecture précieuse. L’objectif de l’article est d’identifier les influences de Loy, tant dans le Londres victorien de sa jeunesse que dans les avant-gardes transatlantiques qui ont façonné son image aux multiples facettes. En s’appuyant sur la notion de « self-fashioning », il propose d’explorer les stratégies de fragmentation visuelle et textuelle à l’œuvre dans les autobiographies et les archives de Loy, qui mènent à la réinvention du sujet autobiographique.
Assimilation, modernité, identité : dans l’étau théologico-politique selon Léo Strauss et Emmanuel Levinas
Authors: Rogove John
Published: February 2023

Cet article examine la pertinence philosophique de ce qu’on appelle la « question juive » et ses multiples réponses selon Leo Strauss et Emmanuel Levinas, mais aussi selon Hermann Cohen et Jean-Paul Sartre, comme un site métonymique qui permet d’interroger la condition humaine dans son ensemble. Strauss affirme notamment que sa préoccupation pour cette question aura été à la racine de toute sa pensée, lui fournissant la voie d’accès à son souci principal de déconstruction des présupposés théologico-politiques de la modernité, en restituant l’alternative épistémique fondamentale entre raison « athénienne » et révélation « jérusalémite ». Chez lui, l’idée même de « tolérance », telle qu’un Locke l’aurait léguée à la modernité libérale, ne peut qu’être une solution provisoire et insatisfaisante à cette question, car elle nécessite qu’on ait déjà tranché en faveur de la « raison », et donc exclu le contenu de la Révélation. Chez Levinas, en revanche, nous voyons la possibilité d’une synthèse entre la promesse prophétique et sa réalisation rationnelle que Strauss récuse totalement. Chez les deux penseurs, c’est finalement l’hésitation entre solutions sioniste et républicaine/libérale assimilationniste à la « question juive » qui révèle l’importance à leurs yeux de cette question pour une phénoménologie de la raison et de la révélation.
Activité historienne et appartenance urbaine
Authors: Garnier Gautier
Published: February 2023

L’étude du cas des parutions de la municipalité de Lisbonne –  Câmara Municipal de Lisboa  – au cours de la décennie 1930 permet d’aborder la question des publications officielles. Édiles et fonctionnaires font de la question des publications municipales un enjeu administrativo-politique alors que l’Estado Novo salazariste entend réorganiser les rapports entre pouvoir central et institutions locales. Deux fonctionnaires municipaux, Joaquim Leitão et Jaime Lopes Dias, tentent d’imposer leurs vues en matière de parutions municipales, entre publication des actions édilitaires, diffusion d’un savoir érudit et mise en scène de leur propre travail. La question de la place de la Câmara Municipal de Lisbonne après l’adoption du Code administratif de 1936 est notamment prise en charge par l’une de ces publications officielles, la Revista Municipal.
Activité historienne et appartenance urbaine
Authors: Salomon Cavin Joëlle
Published: February 2023

L’objet de cet article, basé sur une revue de littérature en écologie et sur l’écologie, est de dresser à grands traits l’histoire de la relation des naturalistes à la ville. La curiosité naturaliste pour la ville depuis le xvii e siècle est attestée par la production d’inventaires floristiques. Cependant, la naissance de l’écologie comme champ disciplinaire va radicalement les éloigner de la ville. Trop souillée, trop perturbée et en définitive trop humaine, la nature en ville n’est plus un objet légitime de recherche en écologie pendant une partie du xx e siècle. L’écologie urbaine, dans sa version naturaliste, naît dans les années 1970, mais ne prend son essor que récemment dans un contexte d’urbanisation croissante. Elle va amorcer une redécouverte de la ville qui va de pair, dans les dernières décennies, avec le développement d’approches interdisciplinaires et de travaux orientés vers la définition de stratégies pour rendre la ville plus écologique.
L’épistémologie et ses frontières
Authors: Bandini Aude
Published: February 2023

Au cours des vingt dernières années, le champ de l’épistémologie s’est tellement élargi, en termes d’objets comme de méthodes, que les frontières qui distinguaient traditionnellement cette discipline d’autres domaines d’étude semblent avoir été abolies . La psychologie sociale, les sciences cognitives, la sociologie, l’histoire, les sciences politiques, l’anthropologie ou encore les études de genre, pour ne nommer que celles-ci, revendiquent toutes leur pertinence quand il s’agit de rendre compte de tout ou partie du phénomène de la connaissance humaine. Si pour certains théoriciens, ces prétentions sont légitimes et même bienvenues, d’autres tiennent fermement à l’indépendance de l’épistémologie comme type d’approche et méthode d’analyse. En nous concentrant en particulier sur les récentes publications en français de Roger Pouivet et Pascal Engel, notre but est ici de rendre compte et discuter d’au moins certains des arguments qui animent ce débat.
Numerical solution for heat transfer in a staggered enclosure with wavy insulated baffles
Authors: Mahmood Rashid , Rehman Nusrat , Majeed Afraz Hussain , Ur Rehman Khalil , Shatanawi Wasfi
Published: February 2023

The present study contains examination on partial differential equations narrating heat transfer aspects in magnetized staggered cavity manifested with wavy insulated baffles. The nanoparticles namely Aluminium oxide are suspended in the flow regime within staggered enclosure having purely viscous fluid. The flow is modelled mathematically in terms of partial differential equations and the finite element is used to discretized the flow differential equations. The effects of several parameters such as Hartmann number $ \left(0\le Ha\le 100\right) $, Volume fraction $ \left(0.00\le \phi \le 0.08\right), $ Rayleigh number $ \left({10}^{3}\le Ra\le {10}^{5}\right), $ and angle of inclinaton $ \left({0}^{o}\le \gamma \le {60}^{o}\right) $ on the thermal flow and distribution of nanomaterials for natural convection are inspected. It is calculated how much Ha will affect velocities and isotherms wit h $ Ra = {10}^{4} $ and $ \phi = 0.02 $. With Ha = 20 and $ \phi $ = 0.02, the effect of Ra on velocity and isotherms is also estimated. The average Bejan number and average Nusselt number against Hartmann number are investigated. When the walls move in an opposite direction, line graphs of velocity distribution are created for both the u and v components. The presence of Hartmann number leads to increase in Bejan number while, opposite behavior can be observed in case of average Nusselt number. When the volume fraction is large, the velocity increases significantly. The flow strength is greater when the Rayleigh number is smaller. On the other hand, as Ra drops, or when $ Ra = {10}^{4} $, flow strength drops.
On parametric types of Apostol Bernoulli-Fibonacci, Apostol Euler-Fibonacci, and Apostol Genocchi-Fibonacci polynomials via Golden calculus
Authors: Kızılateş Can , Öztürk Halit
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to give generating functions for the new family of polynomials, which are called parametric types of the Apostol Bernoulli-Fibonacci, the Apostol Euler-Fibonacci, and the Apostol Genocchi-Fibonacci polynomials by using Golden calculus. Numerous properties of these polynomials with their generating functions are investigated. These generating functions give us a generalization of some well-known generating functions for special polynomials such as Apostol Bernoulli-Fibonacci, Apostol Euler-Fibonacci, and Apostol Genocchi-Fibonacci polynomials. Using the Golden differential operator technique, the functional equation method for generating function, we present some properties of these newly established polynomials.
Towards coupled coincidence theorems of generalized admissible types of mappings on partial satisfactory cone metric spaces and some applications
Authors: Faried Nashat , Bakr Sahar Mohamed Ali Abou , El-Ghaffar H. Abd , Almassri S. S. Solieman
Published: February 2023

This paper introduces a novel class of generalized $ {\alpha} $-admissible contraction types of mappings in the framework of $ {\theta} $-complete partial satisfactory cone metric spaces and proves the existence and uniqueness of coincidence points for such mappings. In this setting, the topology generated and induced by the partial satisfactory cone metric is associated with semi-interior points rather than interior points of the underlying cone. In addition, some applications of the paper's main coincidence point theorems are given. The results of this paper unify, extend and generalize some previously proved theorems in this generalized setting.
An optimal eighth order derivative free multiple root finding scheme and its dynamics
Authors: Zafar Fiza , Cordero Alicia , Rizvi Dua-E-Zahra , Torregrosa Juan Ramon
Published: February 2023

The problem of solving a nonlinear equation is considered to be one of the significant domain. Motivated by the requirement to achieve more optimal derivative-free schemes, we present an eighth-order optimal derivative-free method to find multiple zeros of the nonlinear equation by weight function approach in this paper. This family of methods requires four functional evaluations. The technique is based on a three-step method including the first step as a Traub-Steffensen iteration and the next two as Traub-Steffensen-like iterations. Our proposed scheme is optimal in the sense of Kung-Traub conjecture. The applicability of the proposed schemes is shown by using different nonlinear functions that verify the robust convergence behavior. Convergence of the presented family of methods is demonstrated through the graphical regions by drawing basins of attraction.
Probabilistic picture hesitant fuzzy sets and their application to multi-criteria decision-making
Authors: Jang Min Woo , Park Jin Han , Son Mi Jung
Published: February 2023

The picture hesitant fuzzy sets (PHFSs), which consider neutral membership degree as well as positive and negative membership degrees, provide decision makers (DMs) a flexible attitude to evaluate criteria values in complex multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) situations. However, existing MCDM approaches based on PHFSs still have some drawbacks in both evaluation information expression and criteria values fusion. In this paper, our aim is to overcome these shortcomings by proposing new decision-making methods. To achieve this purpose, a new fuzzy information representation tool, called probabilistic picture hesitant fuzzy sets (P-PHFSs), is first introduced by capturing the probability of each element in PHFSs.
The characteristic of P-PHFSs is that they provide more freedom to DMs so that criterion values of each alternative can be adequately described.
To facilitate the use of P-PHFSs, we define the basic operational rules and comparison method of P-PHFSs. Then we also propose some aggregation operators for P-PHFSs and provide information fusion process. Furthermore, some desirable properties of these operators is discussed, and the relationship between the developed operators and the existing ones is investigated.
Based on the proposed operators, two MCDM methods are developed under probabilistic picture hesitant fuzzy environment. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show
the application of the developed methods, and a comparison analysis is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Evaluation of groups using cooperative game with fuzzy data envelopment analysis
Authors: Soofizadeh Sharifeh , Fallahnejad Reza
Published: February 2023

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a prominent technique for evaluating the performance and ranking of a set of decision-making units (DMUs) that transform multiple inputs into multiple outputs. However, one of the challenges of the primary DEA models is facing imprecise data in real practical problems. To address this issue, fuzzy DEA have been proposed, which have been successfully applied in many real fields. On the other hand, in some real-world DEA applications, the primary objective of performance evaluation is the ranking of a group that consists of several DMUs that are typically under the control of a centralized management. In this paper, we try to use the theory of cooperative games and Shapley value method as a fair method to solve such games in order to rank groups in DEA. In this way, the resulting rank for groups is based on the average marginal shares of groups in different coalitions that are formed based on the theory of cooperative games. We applied the proposed method to rank groups of airlines considering fuzzy data. To the best of authors' knowledge, so far, no method has been presented in DEA literature for ranking groups in fuzzy environment and using game theory techniques.
A study of the time fractional Navier-Stokes equations for vertical flow
Authors: Moumen Abdelkader , Shafqat Ramsha , Niazi Azmat Ullah Khan , Pakkaranang Nuttapol , Jeelani Mdi Begum , Saleem Kiran
Published: February 2023

Navier-Stokes (NS) equations dealing with gravitational force with time-fractional derivatives are discussed in this paper. These equations can be used to predict fluid velocity and pressure for a given geometry. This paper investigates the local and global existence and uniqueness of mild solutions to NS equations for the time fractional differential operator. We also work on the regularity effects of such types of equations were caused by orthogonal flow.
Existence of solutions for impulsive wave equations
Authors: Georgiev Svetlin G. , Zennir Khaled , Bouhali Keltoum , alharbi Rabab , Altayeb Yousif , Biomy Mohamed
Published: February 2023

We study a class of initial value problems for impulsive nonlinear wave equations. A new topological approach is applied to prove the existence of at least one and at least two nonnegative classical solutions. To prove our main results we give a suitable integral representation of the solutions of the considered problem. Then, we construct two operators so that any fixed point of their sum is a solution.
Barycentric rational collocation method for semi-infinite domain problems
Authors: Li Jin
Published: February 2023

The barycentric rational collocation method for solving semi-infinite domain problems is presented. Following the barycentric interpolation method of rational polynomial and Chebyshev polynomial, matrix equation is obtained from discrete semi-infinite domain problem. Truncation method and transformation method are presented to solve linear and nonlinear differential equation defined on the semi-infinite domain problems. At last, three numerical examples are presented to valid our theoretical analysis.
Ferroptosis-molecular mechanisms and newer insights into some diseases
Authors: Hasan Naba , Ahmad Waleem , Alam Feroz , Hasan Mahboob
Published: February 2023

Ferroptosis is a recently discovered iron dependent form of programmed cell death, characterized by accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). It shows a strikingly different set of morphological characteristics from other forms of cell death, like reduced mitochondrial volume, increased bi-layer membrane density, and reduction of mitochondrial cristae with absence of any nuclear changes. Ferroptosis is mainly regulated by two core biochemical processes, namely iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxides exert their toxic effects by disturbing the integrity, structure and composition of bi-lipid cell membranes. However, being highly reactive compounds, they further propagate the generation of ROS, leading to cross-linking of DNA and proteins. Key regulators of ferroptosis include various genes involved in the above pathways, inhibition of the antioxidant system and upregulation of the oxidant system. Recent studies have shown the ferroptotic pathway to be involved in the patho-physiology of many diseases, including cancer. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms and key substances upregulating/inhibiting this pathway, may have an implication towards development of targeted therapies for various cancers, and, hence, has become a hotspot for biomedical research. This review article summarizes the core biochemical processes involved in ferroptosis, with a brief summary of its role in various diseases and possible therapeutic targets.
Quand les hommes se font passer pour des garçonnes : de l’agentivité du travestissement en moga dans le Japon de l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Lenoble Camille
Published: February 2023

Le développement des études en sciences sociales sur les questions relatives à la fluidité du genre pose, dans le cas de l’histoire et de l’anthropologie, des interrogations concernant la généalogie des catégories de genre. Dès lors, tout chercheur se heurte à un problème de vocabulaire, dans la mesure où certaines catégories émanent de concepts récents qui ne s’alignent pas sur les catégories de genre et de comportements sexuels du passé. Nous proposons ici d’en effectuer une étude au travers du cas japonais et de sa catégorie « travestissement ». D’une part, la vulgarisation à large échelle des concepts sexologiques durant l’entre-deux-guerres a influé sur la constitution de nouvelles subjectivités. D’autre part, l’émergence de la garçonne au Japon a vu apparaître une féminité qui défiait la hiérarchie entre les sexes, et qui a également eu des conséquences dans la constitution de nouvelles subjectivités auprès d’hommes qui se sont « reconnus » en elle. La garçonne avait une attitude inconvenante et jugée « masculine ». Elle a probablement constitué un modèle de travestissement inédit qui a donné lieu à la création d’une nouvelle identité « travestie », au pouvoir d’agentivité et de subversion plus prononcé que ce que la féminité « traditionnelle » pouvait jusqu’alors offrir aux hommes voulant se faire passer pour des femmes.
Presentation to healthcare and the prevalence of frailty among older adults to the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayasekera M. M. P. T. , Hulugalla C. D. K. , Ramawickrama S. M. , Merusinghe A. P. , Marasinghe T. D. , Edirisinghe E. M. D. T.
Published: February 2023

Background: Sri Lanka is one of the fastest-ageing countries in the world, with the proportion of the population aged 60 years or older projected to increase from 12.5% in 2016 to 16.7% in 2021. By 2041, one out of every four individuals in Sri Lanka is expected to be an elderly person. In this study, the burden of geriatric presentation to a hospital’s outpatient department (OPD) was assessed. These patients’ frailty, along with comorbidities, the existing level of geriatric care by the healthcare team at the OPD, and the level of patient satisfaction were also studied.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in March 2021.
Results: Of 406 recruits 58.4% were female and their mean (+SD) age was 72.25 (+5.63) years. Among them, 39.7% (95% CI 34.9% to 44.6%) were frail. There was a higher prevalence of frailty among men than women (p=.001). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity. The most common diagnosis was musculoskeletal pain followed by leg ulcers. The mean consultation time with waiting time was 56 (+54 SD) minutes. Most patients classified their overall feeling of satisfaction as “good” (80.3%) while 5% stated it was poor.
Conclusions: The prevalence of frailty among this sub-urban population is higher than previous studies. A majority of patients presented with non-life-threatening conditions and classified their overall satisfaction as relatively good.
A case report of remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting oedema
Authors: Sivagurunathan K. , Sivapalan S. , Rajeswaran A.
Published: February 2023

Syndrome of Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis with Pitting oedema (RS3PE) is a rare condition which is easily missed because of lack of clinical vigilance and presence of other relatively common rheumatological conditions that mimic RS3PE. We discuss a case which presented with acute onset synovitis and pitting oedema of the extremities. The patient did not have any other systemic causes for pitting oedema. He had elevated inflammatory markers and negative rheumatoid factors. There was no radiological evidence of bony erosion. Ultrasound scan of hands showed evidence of extensor tenosynovitis. He had a significant response to low dose steroids. RS3PE may be associated with malignancy and it was excluded during our evaluation.
Young girl with congenital hypo-dysfibrogenemia presenting with an acute subdural haemorrhage
Authors: Walmsley I. N. , Wijegunaratne D. T. E. , Satheeshkumar S. , Ranasinghe N.
Published: February 2023

Fibrinogen plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade. Inherited fibrinogen disorders are a heterogenous group that includes lack or reduced fibrinogen levels or a qualitative disorder of fibrinogen, dysfibrinogenemia. In fibrinogen disorders the clinical presentation is varied. Inherited dysfibrinogenemia is associated with a higher frequency of bleeding as well as thrombosis. We present a young girl with congenital hypo-dysfibrogenemia who suffered a significant intracerebral bleed. Herein we included a brief discussion on the diagnosis of fibrin disorders.
B-cell-intrinsic MHCII signaling promotes microbiota diversity
Authors: Roland Mary Melissa , Alexeev Sergei , Hall Nia , Mohammed Ahmed , Jolly Amy , Kubinak Jason
Published: February 2023

The expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecules is essential for the formation of germinal centers (GC) in lymphoid follicles, which are the primary sites for the generation of T-cell-dependent (TD) high-affinity antibody responses. Gut peyer's patches (PPs) are the dominant peripheral lymphoid tissues that give rise to TD antibody (primarily immunoglobulin A (IgA)) responses generated against the gut microbiota. While it is anticipated, a requirement of B-cell-intrinsic MHCII expression for GC formation has never been formally described. Additionally, while anti-commensal TD IgA responses have been shown to regulate microbiota composition and function, to what degree B-cell-intrinsic MHCII influences this process is also undefined. Here, we use a RAG1−/− adoptive transfer model, where RAG1−/− mice are either reconstituted with naive CD4+ T cells and MHCII+ B cells or naive CD4+ T cells and MHCII−B cells to address these gaps in our knowledge. Results from these experiments demonstrate that B-cell-intrinsic MHCII signaling is a strict requirement for GC-TFH cell development. Consequently, B-cell-intrinsic MHCII signaling promotes the generation of high-affinity anti-commensal IgA responses in the gut, which lead to increased species richness within the fecal but not small intestinal microbial community. Collectively, our data suggest that B-cell-intrinsic MHCII signaling is crucial for the generation of high-affinity anti-commensal IgA responses generated against the gut microbiota, and that this response favors a more diverse bacterial community.
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer microenvironment regulates Myeloid cell metabolism to confer immunosuppression via glutamine metabolism.
Authors: Udumula Mary Priyanka , Sakr Sharif , Dar Sajad , Morris Robert , Buekers Thomas , Munkarah Adnan , Giri Shailendra , Rattan Ramandeep
Published: February 2023

Myeloid Cells are a major constituent of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) microenvironment that confer immunosuppression and promote tumor growth. Using the syngeneic ID8 EOC model we show that its microenvironment is enriched in myeloid cell recruiting factors like GM-CSF, G-CSF, VEGF, TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6. Tumor microenvironment (TME) exposed myeloid cells are highly immunosuppressive as seen by increased expression of CSF-R, S100a9, STAT-3, VEGF, TNF-a, iNOS, STAT-3 and T-cell suppression activity. TME exposed myeloid cells exhibited an activated metabolic phenotype that was fueled by glutamine dependent oxidative phosphorylation as assessed by XFe seahorse analyzer and targeted metabolomics. Deprivation of glutamine or use of a glutaminase inhibitor, BPTES reduced oxidative phosphorylation, decreased immunosuppressive markers and protected from T-cell suppression. Targeted energy metabolism gene expression arrays revealed that the mitochondrial enzyme, dihydrolipoamide succinyl transferase (DLST), a component of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (a-KG) complex in TCA cycle, was elevated in TME exposed myeloid cells. Glutamine deprivation reduced DLST expression, suggesting that DLST expression is dependent on availability of glutamine. A novel small molecule inhibitor of a-KG complex, 3-methyl 2-oxalo valeric acid, regressed EOC growth, reversed myeloid cell energy phenotype and alleviated T-cell suppression. We propose that EOC induced expression of DLST metabolically regulates the immunosuppressive function of myeloid cells and targeting DLST may represent a new strategy to reduce immunosuppressive environment plaguing ovarian cancer.
Estradiol Augments the Production and Actions of Polymorphonuclear Cells to Promote Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) Progression
Authors: Minor Briaunna M. N. , Hammes Stephen R
Published: February 2023

Predominately affecting women of reproductive age, lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare lung disease characterized by slowly growing, estrogen-sensitive metastatic smooth muscle cell-like adenomas that result in cystic lung changes and loss of pulmonary function. We have previously reported that estrogen is required to maintain LAM-like tumor progression in a uterine-specific Tsc2-knockout murine model. Interestingly, the observed estrogen sensitivity in vivo is more markedly pronounced than that of our estrogen receptor-positive TSC2-null cells when stimulated with estradiol (E2) in vitro, suggesting that estradiol may act elsewhere to promote LAM progression. We hypothesized that, in addition to direct effects of estrogen on tumor cells, estrogen might also stimulate tumor growth by promoting polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) production in the bone marrow and actions in the tumor microenvironment. Here, using bone marrow cultures, we demonstrate that estradiol is a potent inducer of PMN production. This effect occurs equally with both male and female bone marrow. Employing both pharmacologic agents and bone marrow from ER_ knockout mice, we showed that ER_ is necessary for promoting a PMN fate for myeloid progenitors. While we see that the migratory and invasive capacities of TSC2-null cell lines are not augmented when stimulated with E2 directly, evidence shows estrogen promotes the pro-tumorigenic function of PMNs co-cultured with TSC2-null cell lines. These data provide insight into the robust effect of in vivo estrogen stimulation as estradiol may be a dual effector in LAM tumor progression and great target for anti-LAM therapeutic strategy.
Intravital imaging experiments track CD8 T cells searching for Plasmodium liver stages, but do the imaging frequency and duration impact the detection of CD8 T cell bias?
Authors: Zenkov Viktor S , Ganusov Vitaly V , Cockburn Ian A , O’Connor James , McNamara Hayley
Published: February 2023

Vaccine-induced CD8 T cells can provide sterilizing protection by killing Plasmodium sporozoites in mice, but how do they find those parasites? We recently showed that most liver-localized CD8 T cells search for infected hepatocytes randomly, with some cells displaying bias toward the infection site only when there is already a CD8 T cell cluster present. Our initial intravital microscopy experiments minimized tissue damage from laser exposure by using low imaging frequency (volume/1.5–2min) and were fairly lengthy (1–2h). In these experiments, activated CD8 T cells displayed Brownian-like turns and slow average calculated speeds of 1–3 um/min. Recently, we performed new experiments in which we recorded the movement of CD8 T cells at a higher frequency (volume/0.2min) at the cost of shorter experiments (30min). Interestingly, observed speeds ranged between 5 and 18 um/min, suggesting that the calculated speed of CD8 T cells depends on the details of the experiment. Further testing found that imaging frequency impacts the estimated average speed per cell: reducing the imaging frequency from 0.2min to 2min can reduce the average calculated cell speed 5-fold, partially explaining the discrepancy between our datasets’ speeds. Nonetheless, the new data still suggest that some CD8 T cells display attraction towards the infection site only when there is a cluster of CD8 T cells already present. Taken together, our results highlight the impact of details of intravital imaging experiments on inferred parameters of T cell movement in complex environments.
Skewed escape from X-inactivation underlies female bias in Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Shaw Teressa , Zhang Wei , McCoy Sara S. , Qiu Xueer , Pagenkopf Adam , Galipeau Jacques , Liang Yun
Published: February 2023

Many autoimmune diseases feature strikingly increased prevalence in females, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (female-to-male ratio 9:1), systemic sclerosis (female-to-male ratio 11:1) and Sjögren’s syndrome (female-to-male ratio 14:1). However, the molecular basis underlying female-biased autoimmunity remains elusive. To address this knowledge gap, we performed transcriptomic profiling of minor salivary gland-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients and control subjects. While autosomal gene expression profiles were largely comparable between pSS and control MSCs, we detected major differences in the regulation of X-linked genes. In control female MSCs, X-linked genes that escaped inactivation were expressed from both parental and maternal X chromosomes with a median paternal ratio of ~0.5. However, in pSS female MSCs, escapees exhibited preferential expression from one of the two X chromosomes. Concomitantly, pSS MSCs showed decrease in XIST levels and reorganization of H3K27me3+ foci in the nucleus, suggesting a global dysregulation of X-inactivation maintenance. The skewing in X escape in pSS MSCs was accompanied by mislocation of protein products encoded by the escapees. Given the hallmark features of inflammation and fibrosis in pSS salivary glands and growing evidence supporting MSCs contributing to tissue homeostasis, our data suggests that dysregulation of X-inactivation maintenance, a female-specific process, contributes to the female-bias in pSS susceptibility.
Promotion of Autoimmune Arthritis via Tryptophan Metabolism and Production of the Bacterial-Derived Tryptophan Metabolite Indole
Authors: Trent Brandon J , Jubair Widian , Fetchner Sabrina , Chriswell Meagan , Kuhn Kristine
Published: February 2023

Dysbiosis of gut bacterial communities in autoimmunity is a noted phenomenon in both murine models and human patients; however, the mechanisms of dysbiosis that promote disease pathogenesis remain unclear. In agreement with such studies, our lab has published that administration of antibiotics to deplete the microbiota late in the course of murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) significantly ameliorated disease. To understand the mechanisms by which microbiota depletion would significantly decrease CIA, we analyzed cecal metabolites by LC-MS during CIA and after antibiotic treatment and observed significant changes in various tryptophan metabolite levels. Interestingly, mice placed on a tryptophan-free diet had significantly decreased CIA development and increased in regulatory T cell (Treg) populations in the spleen. Further studies identified increases in indole, a bacterial-derived, tryptophan metabolite that strongly correlated with CIA progression. Direct administration of indole during CIA promoted disease and led to increases in T follicular cell (Tfh) and B cell populations in the peyer’s patches and mesenteric lymph nodes. Ex vivo stimulation of murine splenic B cells with indole resulted in significantly increased IgG production and a ≈10% increase in the frequency of CD23+ B cells. Our results suggest that gut dysbiosis due to CIA results in altered tryptophan metabolism and indole production, which promotes CIA pathogenesis via activation of T and B cell populations and antibody production. Precise understanding of which indole metabolites are involved and how they influence mucosal and systemic immune responses will help elucidate the role of intestinal dysbiosis in autoimmunity.