bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building Materials of Neolithic Tombs in Alava, Northern Spain
Authors: Martínez-Torres Luis M.
Published: April 2017

Fifty-two Neolithic tombs (dolmens) were grouped into megalithic stations that are mostly located on lithotecto from which the building rocks were removed. In six dolmens, there were no clues found to explain the presence of allochthonous stones, except perhaps in one of them, where rocks were selected to cause colour contrast. The morphology of the slabs, of chambers and corridors, showed no evidence of carving. The angularity of the tumulus blocks indicates that some were collected from the surface and others were manually fragmented. The identification of the construction materials in Neolithic dolmens with elemental geological features provides information on the building process, adding valorisation to the prehistoric monuments and enabling their reconstruction.
El desacato: una alternativa política perdida en la marea del tradicionalismo jurídico
Authors: Torrijos-Pulido Santiago
Published: April 2017

Algunos académicos del Derecho Internacional han intentado desconocer el componente político del Sistema Jurídico Internacional. El litigio entre Nicaragua y Colombia ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia (CIJ) constituye un claro ejemplo de cómo ese razonamiento conduce a dejar de lado mecanismos de defensa relevantes, que pueden resultar vitales para que Colombia obtenga resultados positivos en la disputa. Un entendimiento comprehensivo del Sistema Jurídico Internacional debe basarse en una combinación dinámica entre la ley, por un lado, y la política del poder y la cooperación estratégica, por el otro. Así pues, el desacato a una sentencia de la CIJ, seguido de la posibilidad de que el Consejo de Seguridad se abstenga de tomar acción en contra del Estado que incurrió en dicho incumplimiento, configura un escenario que empodera a Colombia para transformar la ventaja nicaragüense, en el ámbito meramente jurídico, en una prerrogativa útil en la fase post-adjudicativa –y eminentemente política– de los juzgamientos de la CIJ, con el fin de encontrar una solución más viable y duradera a dicho conflicto internacional.
Una estrategia de autosostenibilidad de bajo costo para pasar de la economía informal a la economía formal. El caso de la Comuna 10 de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Vergara Mesa Gerardo Alexander , Ramírez Reyes Julio César , Santana Naranjo Stefany , Carranza Jiménez July Tatiana
Published: April 2017

Como hipótesis de trabajo se plantea que los índices de informalidad están directamente correlacionados con las muy precarias y en ocasiones inexistentes garantías de protección social. La gravedad del problema estriba en que la falta de personería jurídica impide el acceso al sistema de seguridad social integral, lo cual origina un latente riesgo profesional en la ejecución de la actividad económica. En este orden de ideas, el objetivo de la presente investigación es sensibilizar a los microempresarios informales sobre la necesidad de hacerse visibles ante el sistema empresarial del sector público y privado estructurando una metodología para su formación contable administrativa-costos. El diseño metodológico se fundamentó en la integración de análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos, en un contexto social-histórico, para determinar el comportamiento de la microempresa informal en un tiempo y espacio determinados, y en condiciones culturales específicas. El firme acompañamiento de la Universidad de San Buenaventura a la población objeto de estudio en los procesos contables, administrativos y de costeo pretende estimular la toma de decisión de los microempresarios para encaminar su formalización y consolidación como empresa.
Reseña del libro “La guerra de los mundos”, H. G. Wells.
Authors: Bernal Bohórquez Víctor Hugo
Published: April 2017

La guerra de los mudos fue escrita en 1898, siendo la primera novela cuyo tópico es una invasión marciana. Así, en un escenario hipotético donde la inminente destrucción de la humanidad por parte de alienígenas es inevitable, los seres humanos pierden el control de su organización social y son representados como animales furtivos que huyen de sus cazadores. Por otra parte, todos los sucesos son narrados por el protagonista, que en su lucha por sobrevivir observa cómo los estamentos de toda la sociedad son derrumbados. Precisamente, es en esta destrucción social donde incide el argumento crítico de la historia, cuestionando temas como la invasión por recursos, la ciencia moderna, los sistemas políticos, la religión y las fuerzas armadas; Wells evidencia la debilidad que caracteriza a los seres humanos para controlar el conocimiento adquirido a través del tiempo.
Desempeño productivo y rendimiento de canal en pavos alimentados con harina de plumas tratadas con NaOH
Authors: Loyra T Enrique , Santos R Ronald , Sarmiento F Luis , Segura C José
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar el desempeño productivo y el rendimiento de la canal en pavos en crecimiento alimentados con dietas elaboradas con harina de plumas (HP). Materiales y métodos. Los tratamientos fueron una dieta control y dos dietas experimentales con harina de plumas tratada con 50 ó 100 g de NaOH/kg. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar. El consumo de alimento y el peso de los animales se registró cada dos semanas. Los datos del desempeño productivo se analizaron con el procedimiento MIXED del programa estadístico SAS. El rendimiento de la canal se analizó con el procedimiento GLM del programa estadístico SAS. Resultados. Los pavos que consumieron la dieta testigo tuvieron mejores ganancias de peso (GP), consumo de alimento (CA), peso de la canal y de sus partes (p<0.05) que aquellas con harina de plumas. Sin embargo, se observó una mayor GP, CA, peso de la canal y del muslo (p<0.05) cuando se trató la harina de plumas con 100 g de NaOH/kg. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la utilización de harina de plumas disminuyó el comportamiento productivo y el rendimiento de canal en los pavos. Sin embargo, el aumento del tratamiento de la harina de plumas de 50 a 100 g de NaOH/kg mejoró el comportamiento productivo y el rendimiento de canal
Evaluación de la reproducción inducida de nicuro Pimelodus blochii (Telostei: Pimelodidae) utilizando diferentes inductores hormonales
Authors: Ramírez M Juan , Cifuentes C Cristian , Parrado S Yinet , Avilés B Mónica
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar el efecto de dos inductores hormonales en la reproducción inducida de nicuro Pimelodus blochii. Materiales y métodos. Para los procesos experimentales fueron utilizados adultos sexualmente maduros, sometidos a tres tratamientos aplicados vía intramuscular, en dosis única de 0.25 mL/kg Ovaprim® (OVAP) (T1), 0.5 mL/kg de OVAP (T2) y 6.25 mg/kg de Extracto de Hipófisis de Carpa (EHC) (T3), para este último tratamiento la inyección fue dividida en 20 y 80%, con un intervalo de 12 h entre aplicaciones. Previo a la extracción de los gametos, los animales fueron tranquilizados por inmersión en una solución de Metanosulfonato de Tricaina (90 mg/L). El desempeño reproductivo fue evaluado mediante el índice de ovulación (hembras ovuladas/hembras tratadas), fecundidad absoluta (Fa) (ovocitos/hembra), fecundidad relativa (Fr) en función del número de ovocitos desovados por gramo de peso. La fecundación se realizó en seco y seis horas post-fecundación (HPF) se determinó la tasa de fertilidad. Resultados. La ovulación (ºh) para el T1 fue a las 297.1±30.0, T2 294.6±32.9 y T3 247.3±13.1 ºh. En todos los tratamientos se obtuvieron hembras ovuladas, donde los mayores índices de ovulación fueron obtenidos con Ovaprim® (T1 y T2) con 36.4 y 50%, respectivamente. Las tasas de fecundación obtenidas fueron mayores a un 50%, para el tratamiento 1 y 2, con valores de 74.5 y 32.7%, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El uso de inductores hormonales puede ser efectivo para garantizar la reproducción inducida del nicuro, en dosis única de 0.25 y 0.5 mL/kg de Ovaprim®.
Efecto del ácido linoléico sobre la producción de las prostaglandinas PGF2α y PGE2 en células endometriales
Authors: Lenis S Yasser , Olivera A Martha , Tarazona M Ariel
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar el efecto in vitro del ácido linoléico sobre la producción de PGF2α y PGE2 en células endometriales epiteliales bovinas (CEEP). Materiales y métodos. Se cultivaron CEEP aisladas de tejido uterino y se suplementaron con AL a diferentes concentraciones (1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM), oxitocina (OT) (0.1 μM) e interferón trofoectodérmico bovino (bINT-τ) (50 ng/ml). Se cuantificó la PGF2α y PGE2 a distintos tiempos (12, 24 y 36h). En el control, la PGF2α en el sobrenadante aumentó en el tiempo de cultivo y fue 1.2 veces mayor que la producción de PGE2. Resultados. El ácido linoléico disminuyó la concentración de PGF2α (p<0.05) en el sobrenadante, y no afectó (p>0.05) la producción de PGE2. El efecto conjunto de AL y OT sobre la producción de PGF2α difirió para cada uno de los tiempos; el ácido linoléico inhibió parcialmente el efecto estimulante de la OT sobre la producción de PGE2, el efecto conjunto del AL y el bINT-τ aumentó (p<0.05) esta inhibición hasta la hora 24. Conclusiones. El ácido linoléico afecta negativamente la concentración de PGF2α en el sobrenadante a través del tiempo. Respecto a la PGE2 se concluye que el ácido linoléico por sí solo no afecta la concentración en el sobrenadante.
Análisis de los proyectos del sector agropecuario financiados por Colciencias durante el año 2010
Authors: Suárez O Edison , Baquero P Mónica
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Analizar los proyectos del sector agropecuario financiados por Colciencias durante el año 2010. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó la base de datos de registro de proyectos correspondientes al Programa Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Agropecuarias para identificar las propuestas presentadas, elegibles y financiadas de las convocatorias del año 2010. Los proyectos se clasificaron con base en la nomenclatura Internacional de la UNESCO para los campos de la ciencia y la tecnología. Se identificó la convocatoria, campos, disciplinas, rama productiva, entidades participantes, departamento de ejecución y montos financiados. Resultados. Durante el año 2010 Colciencias recibió un total de 4.725 propuestas para financiación, de éstas, 790 correspondieron al Programa Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Agropecuaria. Las disciplinas de los proyectos financiados, fueron en su mayoría pertenecientes al subsector agrícola, seguido por el pecuario y el agroindustrial. Las universidades públicas fueron el tipo de entidad ejecutora al que se le financió un mayor número de proyectos. Los departamentos en los cuales se ejecutó la mayoría de las propuestas financiadas fueron Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Boyacá y Tolima. Conclusiones. El Programa Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación Agropecuaria recibió el 16.7% del total de proyectos recibidos por Colciencias en sus convocatorias del año 2010. El mayor número de proyectos recibidos, elegibles y financiables fueron del subsector agrícola y estuvieron presentados y ejecutados por universidades públicas. La inversión total de Colciencias en proyectos del sector agropecuario fue de $32.923.594.000 con un aporte de contrapartida de $33.225.740.000.
Comunicación bidireccional entre el sistema inmune y neuroendocrino a través de la hormona de crecimiento, prolactina y hepcidina
Authors: Enríquez V Cruz , Paez R Paola , Campos G Rómulo
Published: April 2017

RESUMENSe ha planteado que la hormona de crecimiento (GH) y la Prolactina (PRL) pueden intervenir en procesos infecciosos como inmunomoduladores vía receptores específicos; revelando una conexión entre el sistema inmune y el sistema endocrino en los tejidos, donde actúan como citoquinas a través de diferentes rutas de señalización. Igualmente, la hepcidina (HAMP), hormona producida en los hepatocitos como respuesta al exceso de hierro y a estímulos inflamatorios, es considerada un enlace entre el metabolismo del mineral, la defensa del hospedero y los procesos inflamatorios, debido a su capacidad de privar del hierro a los microorganismos. Se sugiere que en un proceso infeccioso, la síntesis, secreción y regulación de GH ocurre a través de la producción de citoquinas como factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e interleuquina-1 beta (IL-1β), las cuales actúan en el hipotálamo, estimulando la liberación ya sea de la hormona liberadora de somatotropina o de somatostatina; por otro lado, se ha reportado que células linfoides, incluyendo linfocitos T y B y células dendríticas, producen GH, PRL biológicamente activa con propiedades inmunoreguladoras.
Peanut cake concentrations in massai grass silage
Authors: Lima Luciano S. , Oliveira Ronaldo L. , Borja Máikal S. , Bagaldo Adriana R. , Faria Edgar FS. , Silva Thadeu M. , Carvalho Gleidson GP. , Ribeiro Cláudio VDM.
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the best concentration of peanut cake in the ensiling of massai grass of the chemical-bromatological composition, fermentative characteristics, forage value rate, ingestion estimates, and digestibility of dry matter in the silage. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of São Gonçalo dos Campos at the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. The treatments consisted of massai grass that was cut at 40 days and dehydrated, in addition to 0%, 8%, 16%, and 24% peanut cake in the fresh matter and treatment without cake. The material was compressed in experimental silos (7 liter) that were opened after 76 days. Results. The addition of 8-24% peanut cake improved the silage’s chemical-bromatological parameters, increased the dry matter and non-fiber carbohydrates and reduced the fibrous components. There was a linear increase in the estimated values of digestibility and the ingestion of dry matter depending on the levels of peanut cake in the silage. There was an improvement in the fermentative characteristics, with a quadratic effect positive for levels of ammoniacal nitrogen. The forage value rate increased linearly with the inclusion of peanut cake. Conclusions. The inclusion of up to 24% peanut cake during ensiling of massai grass increases the nutritive value of silage and improves fermentation characteristics.
Evaluación de implantes de norgestomet reutilizados en protocolos de sincronización del estro en vacas Brahman
Authors: Uribe-Velásquez Luis , Correa-Orozco Adriana , Cuartas-Betancurth Lina , Villamizar-Ramirez Diego , Ángel-Botero Santiago
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar las concentraciones de progesterona, la manifestación de estro y las tasas de preñez en vacas Bos indicus sometidas a varios protocolos de sincronización del estro con un implante de norgestomet usado previamente. Materiales y métodos. Sesenta vacas recibieron un implante auricular de norgestomet reutilizado y fueron distribuidas en uno de cuatro protocolos: (1) benzoato de estradiol (BE) + progesterona (P4) + prostaglandina F2α (PG) (BE+P4+PG); (2) valerato de estradiol (VE) + norgestomet (NG) (VE+NG); (3) el mismo protocolo BE+P4+PG, asociado con 400 UI de gonadotropina coriónica equina (eCG) (BE+P4+PG+eCG); (4) el mismo protocolo VE+NG, asociado con 400 UI de eCG (VE+NG+eCG). El implante fue removido el día 9, con inseminación artificial (IA) 12 horas después de la detección del estro. La preñez fue diagnosticada 45 días después de la IA. Las muestras de sangre fueron tomadas los días 0, 4 y 9 (después de colocar el implante) para el análisis de progesterona por RIA. Resultados. En el día 4, las concentraciones de progesterona fueron menores en vacas tratadas con BE+P4+PG (0.90 ± 0.73 ng/ml; p<0.01). Las vacas que recibieron VE+NG+eCG tuvieron mayor concentración de progesterona en plasma (p<0.05) en el día 9 (4.72 ± 0.79 ng/mL) que otros protocolos. Hubo mayor porcentaje de detección de estro (p<0.05) en vacas tratadas con VE+NG+eCG (66.7%). Las tasas de preñez no fueron afectadas por los protocolos (p>0.05). Conclusiones. Los implantes de norgestomet reutilizados fueron eficaces para sincronizar el estro y alcanzar tasas de preñez adecuadas en vacas Brahman.
Caracterización del sacrificio de corderos de pelo a partir de cruces con razas criollas colombianas
Authors: Albarracín H William , Sánchez B Iván
Published: April 2017

RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar el efecto genético del cruce de corderos Dorper con razas criollas colombianas, tiempo de ayuno y aturdimiento sobre los rendimientos del sacrificio; niveles de glucosa como medida de estrés y pH como calidad de la canal. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 60 corderos raza Dorper X criollo criados en pastoreo y semi-estabulación con 10 semanas de edad. Se aplicaron 3 tiempos de ayuno (6, 12 y 18 horas) y 2 métodos de aturdimiento (electronarcosis y perno cautivo penetrante), evaluando los rendimientos de canal por pesaje de canales; glucosa en muestras antemortem y postmortem. Resultados. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el efecto combinado de ayuno y sistema de cría influencian los rendimientos de canal y subproductos. A tiempos prolongados de ayuno se aumenta la concentración de glucosa en sangre, aunque el tiempo de ayuno incide sobre el pH último. El efecto del aturdimiento, solo se presenta en el cambio de pH durante 24 horas, siendo un efecto de estimulación eléctrica por parte de la electronarcosis. Los animales de raza Dorper x criollo criados en sistema de pastoreo, presentaron mejores rendimientos en canal, pero menores porcentajes de vísceras blancas y rojas. Conclusiones. El porcentaje medio de rendimiento en canal es similar a los presentados en razas puras Dorper siendo viable y comparable este tipo de cruce
The Roles of Hydrazine and Ethylenediamine in Wet Synthesis of Cu Nanowire
Authors: Harsojo Harsojo , Puspita Lutfi Ayu , Mardiansyah Dedi , Roto Roto , Triyana Kuwat
Published: April 2017

A wet synthesis Cu nanowire using CuNO3 as a precursor and hydrazine as a reduction agent and ethylene diamine as a polymer capping agent in excessive sodium hydroxide solution 15 M NaOH has been done. The study was done by varying the volume of hydrazine 0.15, 0.25 and 0.75 mL and ethylenediamine (EDA) (0.5, 1.5 and 0.25 mL) in a total volume of 100 mL, to investigate the roles of these two agents in forming the nanowire and was done at 60 °C at 60 RPM stirring speed. The study revealed that the wet synthesis could be used to produce nanowires in the length of micrometers with a diameter of about hundred nanometers. The best CuNW was obtained at volume EDA 1.5 mL at hydrazine volume 0.15 mL with length to diameter ratio was 120 ± 30. The roles of both hydrazine and the EDA in the process of making nanowires and nanoparticles were also discussed.
The Role of Carboxyl and Hydroxyl Groups of Humic Acid in Removing AuCl4- from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Sudiono Sri , Yuniarti Mustika , Siswanta Dwi , Kunarti Eko Sri , Triyono Triyono , Santosa Sri Juari
Published: April 2017

Humic acid (HA) extracted from peat soil according to the recommended procedure of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) has been tested to remove AuCl4- from aqueous solution. The removal was optimum at pH 2.0 and it was mainly dictated by attachment through hydrogen bonding to unionized carboxyl (–COOH) groups and reduction by the action of the hydroxyl (–OH) groups to gold (Au) metal. The removal of AuCl4- improved after HA was purified through repeated immersion and shaking in a mixed solution containing 0.1 M HCl and 0.3 M HF. When the purification led to the sharp decrease in ash content from 39.34 to 0.85% (w/w) and significant increase in both the –COOH and –OH contents from 3240 to 3487 mmol/kg and from 4260 to 4620 mmol/kg, respectively; the removal of AuCl4- improved from 0.105 to 0.133 mmol/g. This improvement of AuCl4- removal by the purified HA was accompanied by higher ability in reduction to Au metal. The attached AuCl4- on –COOH groups of both crude and purified HAs was qualitatively observed by the characterization result of FT-IR spectroscopy, while the presence of Au metal on the surface of those HAs was verified by the characterization result of XRD.
A Novel Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Histamine Based on Its Complex Reaction with Ni(II) and Alizarin Red S
Authors: Jannatin Miftakhul , Supriyanto Ganden , Pudjiastuti Pratiwi
Published: April 2017

The development of analytical methods of histamine using Ni (II) and alizarin red S reagents by UV-Vis spectrophotometry has been done. The objective of this research is to determine the ability of Ni(II) and alizarin red S to form color complex compound with histamine and it will be used to detect the presence of histamine qualitatively and quantitatively as well. Absorbance was measured at a maximum wavelength of 604 nm. In this method, it has been carried out optimization of analytical parameters such as the concentration of Ni(II), the concentration of alizarin red S, pH, and respond time. Analytical parameter optimization showed concentration of Ni(II) is 20 ppm, alizarin red S 75 ppm, pH 8, and a respond time of 15 minutes. Method validation indicated that the coefficient of variation, detection limit, and the limit of quantitation are 0.245%; 9.49 ppm; and 31.62 ppm respectively with a sensitivity of 0.0063/ppm and linearity of 0.99. Accuracy to histamine with a concentration of 50, 75, and 125 ppm are 105.87%, 101.06%, 97.21%, respectively.
The Relationship of Social Responsibility with the Socially Responsible Behaviours and the Values of Entrepreneur in the Laja—Bajio Zone, México
Authors: Ojeda Hidalgo José Felipe , López Torres Gabriela Citlalli , Alvarez Orozco Dolores Guadalupe
Published: April 2017

Social responsibility has had, through the history of mankind manifestations through different theories that have given the configuration of what is currently understood as social responsibility. Although it is a subject that has always cohabited with the human being, it is also true that from the last decade of the last century and the first of this century has recovered momentum. This paper aims to understand
how social values base behaviours and how these in turn can be measured through indicators of social responsibility and finally how they can be translated into business performance.
A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM IRAN
Authors: Doostzadeh Ebrahim , Shabaninejad Hussein , Madani Hesamoddin , Amineh Zahra Ahani
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: The pharmaceutical market is a complex market due to its complicated supply chain and the extent of government regulations in allaspects of the trade lifecycle of drug development. Considering the importance of pharmaceuticals for society and the relevant trend of globalization,managing pharmaceutical industry effectively and efficiently is vital, particularly in developing countries. The present study determines the factorsaffecting the development of the Iranian pharmaceutical industry based on pharmaceutical mangers’ point of view.Methods: In this study, we assessed managers’ perspective about the internal and external key factors affecting the development of pharmaceuticalindustry. Finally, their perspective about the solutions for the development of pharmaceutical industry was assessed. Accordingly, a self-designedquestionnaire was sent to 65 managers at Tamin Pharmaceutical Investment Company, of which, 51 questionnaires were answered by the managers. Result: Most managers believed generic scheme reflect negatively on the development of the pharmaceutical industry and that external factors havea great impact on its improvement. They believe that branded generic transition along with supporting regulations, investment in Research andDevelopment, and joint venture with foreign companies will improve the pharmaceutical industry.Conclusion: To sum up, for improving the pharmaceutical industry in the shortest time possible, improvement of technological capabilities andinvestment in R&D should be considered.Keywords: Pharmaceutical industry, Key factors, Generic scheme.
THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE ON TOTAL PHENOLICS IN MACROTYLOMA UNIFLORUM, VIGNA UNGUICULATA, CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM AND MENTHA PIPERITA USING SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Authors: Saxena Vasundhara , Kk Chagti
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Polyphenolic compound which is proven as antioxidants and possesses a chemo - protective potential are found in leaves, flowers, fruits,and bark. The aim of the study was to estimate the amount of tannins present in these drugs using Folin-Denis method. This study was conductedto evaluate the variations in the total amount of secondary metabolites (poly-phenolic) during summer and winter seasons in the leaves of fourimportant valuable medicinal plants, viz., Macrotyloma uniflorum, Vigna unguiculata, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Mentha piperita using ultravioletvisiblespectrophotometry.Methods: Tannin contents of plants were measured by Folin-Denis method. Tannin-like compounds reduce phosphotungstomolybdic acid in alkalinesolution to produce a highly colored blue solution, the intensity of which is proportional to the amount of tannins present. The intensity is measuredin a spectrophotometer at 650 nm.Results: The concentration was almost same for Mu1 and Mu2 plant with little effect of seasonal variations and at the same place it was found to bemaximum in Cz1. The concentration curve for tannic acid was determined, and the correlation coefficient was calculated and was found to be 1 whichindicates the good linearity between the concentration and the absorbance.Conclusion: The maximum amounts of secondary metabolites (poly-phenolic) were observed during summer, while minimum in winter season withan exception of Mu2 plant. Thus, this study was used as one of the parameters for standardization of medicinal plants.Keywords: Macrotyloma uniflorum, Vigna unguiculata, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Mentha piperita tannins, Total phenolics, Folin-Denis method.
STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL, ANALGESIC AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF NOVEL ISATIN DERIVATIVES
Authors: Chirra Sravanthi , Rao Jupally Venkateshwar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIsatin is an endogenous compound and possess a wide variety of biological activities. In the present investigation, a different isatin derivatives suchas novel isatin 3-[N-(4-substituted)-hydrazinyl-3-oxo prop 1-en-2yl) benzamides and their antimicrobial, analgesic and anticonvulsant activity wasevaluated in different animal models. Antimicrobial activity by cup plate agar diffusion method. The analgesic activity was measured by Eddy’s hotplate method, and reaction time was recorded when the animals licked their for and hind paws and jumped at before 0 hr, 0.5 hr, 1 hr and 2 hrsafter administration of test drugs. 4-aminopyridine chemical induction method was employed for anticonvulsant activity. All the compounds werescreened, among the screened compounds some compounds showed antimicrobial, analgesic and anticonvulsant activity with dose-dependent effectwhen compared with the control group.Keywords: Isatin, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Analgesic, Anticonvulsant activity.
COSMETIC CONTAMINATION AWARENESS AMONG ADOLESCENT FEMALES
Authors: Rj Ilankizhai , V Vishnupriya , R Gayathri
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Cosmetics, in today’s world, have become a part and parcel of every women’s life. The majority of the women who use cosmetics areunaware of the fact that makeup can harbor a variety of infections if not used in the appropriate manner. The purpose of the study is to determine theawareness of cosmetic contamination among adolescent females and spread awareness regarding the different ways to prevent the harmful effectsthat these contaminated cosmetics can have on the health of the users.Methods: This is a survey-based study. This study was conducted by observing cosmetic usage practices of adolescent females through the mediumof analyzing questionnaires. The data collected were compiled and analyzed statistically.Results: The responses of the participants reveal that there is a rapid increase in the awareness regarding cosmetic contamination among adolescentfemales. Out of the 100 adolescent females who completed the survey, 87% of the females are aware of the presence of lead, carcinogenic substances,and preservatives that can become toxic over a period of time, the rest 13% are unaware of the fact and the harmful effects these can cause if nothandled properly.Conclusion: The results of the study show the increase in cosmetic usage patterns and cosmetic contamination awareness among the adolescentfemales in the past few decades.Keywords: Cosmetic contamination, Microbial, Contamination, Awareness, Adolescent females, Toxicity.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF DENTURE STOMATITIS
Authors: D’dharan Shawna Rekshmy , Ganapathy Dhanraj
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTDenture stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory lesion which is commonly associated with Candida albicans infection. It is frequently seen in completedenture patients and clinically presented as erythema and inflammation on the palatal mucosa. This review covers the different medical managementof denture stomatitis. The first line of treatment is by topical antifungal agents, which are available as suspension, gels, lozenges, pastilles, etc. Inpatient where topical treatment was unsuccessful and in immunocompromised patient, systemic antifungal agents are prescribed. Recent studieshave shown the effectiveness of natural products such as propolis, green tea extracts, and various essential oils in the treatment of denture stomatitis,to decrease colony count and reduce erythema of palatal mucosa.Keywords: Denture stomatitis, Antifungal drugs, Propolis, Green tea, Essential oils.
DOCKING STUDIES IN TARGET PROTEINS INVOLVED IN ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION MECHANISMS: ALKALOIDS ISOLATED FROM SCUTELLARIA GENUS
Authors: R Sri Dharani , R Ranjitha , R Sripathi , K S Ali Muhammad , S Ravi
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: In the present work, docking study was performed for 22 selected alkaloids isolated from the genus Scutellaria to evaluate their affinityto bacterial proteins that are known targets for many antibiotics with a different mechanism of action: Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis, inhibitors ofnucleic acids synthesis and antimetabolites.Methods: Molecular docking study was carried out using AutoDock 4.2 version and the visualization result using Chimera 1.10 and DiscoveryStudio 4.5.Result: Among the 22 alkaloids studied, with the DNA gyrase protein 1KZN and a dihydropteroate synthase enzyme 3TYE, the compoundscutebarbatine E showed a docking score of −8.5 and −8.7 Kcal/mol, respectively, involving with hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. Withrespect to MurD ligase involved in cell wall synthesis 1UAG and 2X5O, the compound 6,7,nicotinyl scutebarbatine G fared well with a dockingscore of −10.1 and −10.2 Kcal/mol, respectively. Scutebarbatine G performed well with respect to 3UDI with binding scores of −9.3 K cal/mol.Conclusion: Overall, it seems that for the selected alkaloids from the genus Scutellaria, the main mechanism of the action is the inhibition of cell wallsynthesis.Keywords: Scutebarbatine, Alkaloids, Molecular docking, Antimicrobial studies.
EVOLVING TRENDS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF ADR MONITORING AND REPORTING: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Amin Aneela , Malik Madeeha , Hussain Azhar
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: Owing to the importance of safe use of medicines, adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring has become a fundamental component tobe performed along with other health-care services. Pharmacist being drug experts are in good position to provide professional assistance for ADRmanagement. The aim of this study is to summarize research findings from developed and developing countries as well as from Pakistan regardingevolving trends and future prospects of ADR monitoring and reporting by pharmacists. Methods: A total of 49 studies were reviewed regarding trends ofADR monitoring using different search engines including google scholar, pubmed and science direct. Results: The review highlighted that there is needto identify the barriers and gaps to further enhance the effectiveness of current ADR monitoring practices. Conclusion: Strong legislation is required inPakistan to develop and implement an effective ADR monitoring program to reinforce the conception of effective pharmacovigilance system in Pakistan.Keywords: Adverse drug reactions, Reporting, Pharmacist, Pharmacovigilance, Pakistan.
STUDY THE GROWTH KINETICS OF PEDIOCOCCUS ACIDILACTICI WITH ESTIMATION OF KINETIC PARAMETERS AND APPLIED IN LARGE SCALE PEDIOCIN PRODUCTION
Authors: Mandal Barnali
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of the study was to determine the growth kinetics of Pediococcus acidilactici using a mathematical model for large scale pediocinproduction.Methods: Growth kinetics of P. acidilactici has been studied for pediocin production in small scale batch fermenter (Erlenmeyer flask) using meatprocessing waste medium. The experiments have been conducted with varying the concentrations of glucose, protein, and lactic acid. A mathematicalmodel has been developed to describe growth rate, products (pediocin and lactic acid) formation rate, and substrates (glucose and protein) utilizationrate. Monod model for dual substrates (glucose and protein) has been used with considering lactic acid inhibition. Luedeking-Piret model has beenintroduced to describe the production of pediocin and lactic acid.Results: The values of kinetic parameters have been determined using experimental data and model equations. The model prediction has beencompared satisfactorily with the experimental data for the validation of the model.Conclusions: The developed model was satisfactorily validated to scale up the production of pediocin.Keywords: Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediocin, Meat processing waste, Monod model, Luedeking-Piret model, Kinetic parameters.
TERMINALIA CHEBULA: SUCCESS FROM BOTANY TO ALLOPATHIC AND AYURVEDIC PHARMACY
Authors: Garg Varun , Kaur Barinder , Singh Sachin Kumar , Kumar Bimlesh
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTTerminalia chebula (TC) is a unique herb having various therapeutic potentials as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and digestant. It belongsto family Combretaceae. In the present review, an attempt has been made to decipher classification, chemical constituents, therapeutic uses, andpatents that have been reported for TC. Various pharmacological activities of TC that make it as potential medicine and its Ayurvedic formulationsare highlighted.Keywords: Terminalia chebula, Anti-oxidant, Anti-cancer, Ayurvedic formulations, Anti-oxidant.
CEFUROXIME-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA: IT’S JUST NOT IN THE RING??
Authors: Ommurugan Dr Balaji , Patil Dr. Navin , Tilak Dr Amod , A Dr Avinash
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBeta lactams are one of the most commonly used antibiotic groups in clinical practice, owing to their relatively superior safety profile, when weighed against other available antibiotics. Cephalosporins have overgrown over the years, now extending across five generations of drugs. Older cephalosporins are still commonly used, chiefly because of their low cost and minimal adverse effects. However, no drug is entirely free of adverse effects. Cephalosporins (especially those with a methylthiotetrazole ring) have been associated with bleeding manifestations due to hypoprothrombinemia and thrombocytopenia in susceptible subsets of the global population. This case report concerns the use of a cephalosporin that does not have this ring in its structure, but has still caused a rare instance of thrombocytopenia
APOPTOTIC INDUCTION POTENTIALS OF BACOPA MONERI AGAINST ORAL CANCER CELL LINE
Authors: Baskar Keerthana , R Gayathri , V Vishnu Priya
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTAim: To assess the apoptotic induction potentials of Bacopa monnieri against oral cancer cell.Objective: This research is done to find the apoptotic induction potentials of B. monnieri against oral cancer cell line.Background: The apoptosis is a process of programed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cellchanges and death. The initiation of apoptosis is tightly regulated by activation mechanisms, because once apoptosis has begun, it inevitably leadsto the death of the cell. The two best-understood activation mechanisms are the intrinsic pathway (also called the mitochondrial pathway) and theextrinsic pathway.Methods: The apoptotic induction potential of B. monnieri was studied on KB cell line by investigating the activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9.Reason: Oral cancer is a growing concern due to the changes in lifestyle. The treatment for this disease has been degraded the patient’s health bcausing various side effects. An effective treatment for the long run is necessary. Usable of herbal plants can serve to be a possible and very effectivremedy.Results: Apoptotic induction potentials of B. monnieri against oral cancer cell line were studied.Conclusion: Caspase 3 and caspase 9 was activated thus proving the apoptotic potential of B. monnieri.Keywords: Bacopa monnieri, oral cancer, apoptotic induction.
ANALYITCAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A REVERSED-PHASE HIGHPERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MODAFINIL IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Cholaraja Bijithra , P Shanmugasundaram , G Ragan , Ask Sankar , M Sumithra
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: To development and validation of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for the determination of modafinilin bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.Methods: A simple, precise, rapid, and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of modafinil in bulk and pharmaceutical dosageforms. Xterra RP 18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µ particle size) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water 70:30 V/V was used. The flow rate1.0 ml/min and the effluents were monitored at 260 nm. The retention time and recovery time was 12 minutes. The detector response was linear inthe concentration of 10-50 µg/ml. The respective linear regression equation being Y=452.1x+65237. The limit of detection and limit of quantificationwere 4.547 and 1.377 mcg, respectively. The method was validated by determining its accuracy, precision, and system suitability.Result: The objective of the present work is to develop simple, precise, and reliable HPLC method for the analysis of modafinil in bulk andpharmaceutical dosage forms. This is achieved using the most commonly employed Xterra RP 18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ particle size) columndetection at 260 nm. The present method was validated according to ICH guidelines.Conclusion: In this study, a simple, fast and reliable HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of modafinil in pharmaceuticalformulations.Keywords: Modafinil, Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, Estimation, ICH guidelines, Tablets.
IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC STUDY OF GREEN SYNTHESIZED GOLD AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING ECLIPTA PROSTRATA (L.) AGAINST HT-29 CELL LINE
Authors: Rajashekar Arvindganth , Janakiraman Vardhana , Govindarajan Kathiravan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles using the extracts of Eclipta prostrata.Methods: The nanoparticles synthesize is carried out using the powdered leaves and mixed with distilled water. The filtered extract was then mixedwith aqueous solution of HAuCl4 (1 mM)and AgNo(1 mM), and the reaction volume was made up to 100 ml. Then, the characterization of nanoparticleswas carried out using ultraviolet, infrared, scanning electron microscope, and the cytotoxic activity of the nanoparticles were investigated against HT29cancer cell lines. 3 Results: From the study, it was found that the plant extract was able to synthesize nanoparticles, and the synthesized nanoparticles were found to betoxic against the cancer cell line HT-29.Conclusion: In the present study, both silver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized using the plant extract of E. prostrata. The synthesizednanoparticles were found to be effective against HT 29 cancer cells. The green synthesized nanoparticles were found to be cost-effective, simpler andenvironmentally safe. As the nanotechnology is an emerging field in medicine, the biological synthesis of nanoparticles helps in the other way. Fromthe present study, the nanoparticles synthesized were thus proved against various studies novely. Hope this paves way for the better development ofnanoparticle production in the large scale amount.Keywords: Nanoparticles, Eclipta prostrata, Scanning electron microscope, HT-29 cell line. §Both authors are equally contributed
GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM WITHANIA SOMNIFERA (L.) DUNAL
Authors: Paulraj Prabhavathi , Muruganantham Sankareswaran , S Anbalagan , A Manikandan , G Karthikeyan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe metal nanoparticle synthesis is highly explored the field of nanotechnology. The biological methods seem to be more effective because of slowreduction rate and polydispersity of the final products. The main aim of this study is too the rapid and simplistic synthesis of silver nanoparticlesby Withania somnifera Linn. at room temperature. The exposure of reaction mixtures containing silver nitrate and dried leaf powder of W. somniferaresulted in reduction of metal ions within 5 minutes. The extracellular synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible,infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies, zeta potential, Fourier transform IR, and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial andantifungal studies showed significant activity as compared to their respective standards. From the results, W. somnifera sliver nanoparticle has attainedthe maximum antimicrobial against clinical pathogens and also seen very good stability of nanoparticle throughput processing. As we concluded, thistype of naturally synthesized sliver nanoparticle could be a better green revolution in medicinal chemistry.Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Silver nanoparticles, Withania somnifera.
NATURAL PSYCHODYSLEPTIC COMPOUNDS: SOURCES AND PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: Padavala Sisira , Devaraj Ezhilarasan
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTCompounds in some plants have remarkable effects on the central nervous system. Plants containing those compounds are mind altering orpsychoactive in nature. These are consumed in the form of simple or complex preparations to affect the mind or alter the state of consciousness.Psychoactivity may include sedative, stimulant, euphoric, deliriant, and hallucinogenic effects. Several hundred psychoactive plants are known.Some important examples of psychoactive plants include Datura, Salvia, and Cannabis. Psychoactive plants have been used ritually, medicinally, andrecreationally for thousands of years. Hence, the sociocultural and economic significance of psychoactive plants is enormous.Keywords: Cannabis, Datura, Psychoactive plants, Euphoria, Hallucinogen.
IS THERE TREATMENT EFFECT OF VINPOCETINE ON AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION IN RATS WITH ALZHEIMER
Authors: Khan Azizuddin , Dolu Nazan , Gündüz Seda , Kara Ali Yucel , Acer Hale , Tasa Selda
Published: April 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows less autonomic dysfunction. There was lack of response or prolongation of its latency in skin sympathetic response. Vinpocetine is a classic inhibitor of PDE1 activity. Vinpocetine treatment has been shown to enhance performance on cognitive tests in humans. The efficacy of the use of vinpocetine in clinical trials has been controversial. A comparison of multiple studies evaluating vinpocetine use in Alzheimer's disease  AD was recently conducted. Objective: Our first aim was to assess dysautonomia in rat with Alzheimer's disease  AD electrophysiologically, using sympathetic skin response (SSR) test. The second aim in this study, evaluate of the effect of vinpocetine treatment on Alzheimer autonomic dysfunction and attention deficiency.Method: Rats were divided into four groups: Sham group (Group C, i.p. saline), Alzheimer group (Group A), Vinpocetine group (Group V, 5mg/kg, every other day, i.p.), Alzheimer+ Vinpocetine group (Group AV). Alzheimer's disease was induced in old male rats by AlCl3 (40 mg/kg i.p.) and D-Galactose (90 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks. Then Skin Conductance Level (SCL), which is a sympathetic skin response parameter, was measured as tonic (no-stimuli period, 2 min) and phasic SSR (simultaneously with 15 auditory stimuli, 10 min). Tonic SSR is useful to investigate general states of arousal and alertness, while phasic SSR is useful to study multifaceted attentional processes (related to novelty, intensity). Results: SCL was difference among groups (tonic: F=21.47, p≤0.000; phasic: F=9.86, p≤0.000). Skin conductance level (SCL) was statistically lower in Group A than Group C (p≤0.005) and Group V (p≤0.000). SCL of Group V was statistically higher then Group C (p≤0.04), Group A (p≤0.000) and Group AV (p≤0.000). SCL of Group AV was lower than Group C’s (p≤0.01). Conclusion: There were no statistically difference between Group A and Group AV. We concluded that autonomic disturbances accompanied Alzheimer's disease and vinpocetine treatment couldn’t ameliorate this disturbance. Keywords: Autonomic dysfunction, Dysautonomia, Inhibitor, Skin conductance level, Sympathetic skin response
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEAN HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LHMS) FOR HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY
Authors: Habidin Nurul Fadly
Published: April 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify lean healthcare management system (LHMS) constructs and to develop model to test the validity(exploratory [EFA] and confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]) of LHMS constructs for Malaysian healthcare industry.Methods: Data were obtained from 238 healthcare managements in Malaysian healthcare industry. This report presents the results of the EFA, reliability analysis, and CFA which are empirically verified.Results: A set of assessment measurement of LHMS constructs is expected to be suitable for characteristics and improves the competitiveness. The result shows that eight constructs of LHMS are acceptable in this study.Conclusion: This research specifies a study which is based on the LHMS measurement includes leadership, employee involvement, organizational culture, customer focus, technological innovation, process innovation, managerial innovation, and healthcare performance. This study provides fundamental knowledge and direction for researchers in further research as well as practitioners to constantly improve performance through the implementation of LHMS.Keywords: Lean healthcare, Healthcare performance, Healthcare industry, Malaysian.