bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh konsentrasi sublethal endosulfan dan glifosat terhadap konsumsi oksigen kerang darah (anadara granosa)
Authors: Nalle Mikson M.D. , Gimin Ricky
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The aims of the study were: (1) to test oxygen consumption of Anadara granosa under sub-lethal concentrations of endosulfan, (2) oxygen consumption under sub-lethal concentrations of glifosat and (3) oxygen consumption under mixture of endosulfan and glifosat. Complete randomlizeddesign were applied on this experiment. Initially, the oxygen consumption was standardised against animal’s dry flesh weight. Results showed that dry flesh weight afffected significantly the oxygen consumption.  The relationship between the two variables was formulated as  y = 0.217 + 0.243x.  Based on teh relationship, the oxygen consumption was reported as mg/l/hr of 1g standard animal.  Exposure of blood cockles to various sub-lethal concentrations of pesticides showed that the oxygen consumption rates reduced as the concentrations increased.  For endosulfan, the oxygen consumption rate decreased from (0.5325 ± 0.1556)mg/l/hr at 0.05 ppm to (0.2282 ± 0.1552 ) mg/l/hr at 0.5 ppm.  Increasing glifosat from 50 ppm to 200 ppm reduced the oxygen consumption from (0.3111± 0.1811)to (0.2449 ± 0.2548)mg/l/hr. Accordingly, the oxygen consumption decreased from (0.3376± 0.972)mg/l/hr to (0,2841± 0.2057)mg/l/hr when concentrations of mixture endosulfan + glifosat mixture increased from 0.005 + 50 ppm to 5 + 200 ppm.Keywords: pesticide; endosulfan; glyphosate; Anadara granosa; bioassay; oxygen consumption Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi sublethal endosulfan, glifosat, dan secara bersama-sama terhadap konsumsi oksigen kerang darah (Anadara granosa). Metode eksperimental dengan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) diterapkan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa berat tubuh mempengaruhi laju konsumsi oksigen dengan hubungan y = 0,217+0,243 x, sehingga hasil pengukuran laju konsumsi oksigen dinyatakan sebagai mg/l/jam per 1 gram berat kering kerang standar. Pemaparan terhadap konsentrasi sublethal menunjukkan bahwa laju konsumsi oksigen menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi masing – masing pestisida maupun campurannya.  Untuk endosulfan, laju konsumsi oksigen menurun dari (0,5325± 0,1556) mg/l/jam pada 0,05 ppm menjadi (0,2282 ± 0,1552) mg/l/jam pada 5 ppm.  Untuk glifosat, laju konsumsi oksigen menurun dari (0,3111± 0,1811) mg/l/jam pada 50 ppm menjadi (0,2449 ± 0,2548) pada 200 ppm, sedangkan untuk campuran endosulfan + glifosat, laju konsumsi oksigen menurun dari (0,3376± 0,972)  mg/l/jam pada 0,005 + 50 ppm menjadi (0,2841± 0,2057) mg/l/jam pada 5 + 200 ppm.  Kisaran konsentrasi sublethal ini sangat mempengaruhi konsumsi oksigen kerang darah (Anadara granosa) yaitu laju konsumsi oksigen akan menurun jika konsentrasi endosulfan dan glifosat ditingkatkan. Kata kunci: pestisida; endosulfan; glifosat; Anadara granosa; bioassay; konsumsi oksigen
Pemanfaatan ekstrak daun inai (Lawsonia inermis l.) sebagai bakterisida terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila yang menginfeksi ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Karina Sofyatuddin , Saputri Mimie , Naufal Muhammad
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of henna leaf extract (Lawsonia inermis L.) on A. hydrophila in vitro and its effect on the survival rate of Clarias gariepinus that infected by those bacterias in vivo. The research was conducted at chemistry laboratory of Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Syiah Kuala University and at Microbiology laboratory, Brackishwater aquaculture Department Center, Ujong Batee on Avril to September, 2015. The research involved in vitro test with the inhibition zone as measured parameter and in vivo test with the survival rate value as measured parameter. The treated concentrations were 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% of extract. The result of in vitro test showed that henna leaf extract was effective against A. hydrophila with the inhibition zone for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% extract were 5.45; 5.7; 6.5; 7.5; and 9.6 mm, respectively. The result of ANOVA test showed that henna leaf extract has a significant effect on the survival rate of catfish (P0.05). The best survival rate was obtained at 4% of extract  concentration.  Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila; henna leaf extract; catfishAbstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun inai (Lawsonia inermis L.) terhadap A. hydrophila secara in vitro dan pengaruhnya secara in vivo terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) yang terinfeksi bakteri ini dengan cara perendaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium kimia, FKIP Unsyiah dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Balai Budidaya Perikanan Air Payau (BBAP) Ujong Batee pada dari bulan April hingga bulan September 2015. Penelitian ini meliputi uji in vitro dengan parameter uji berupa zona hambat ekstrak terhadap bakteri dan uji in vivo dengan parameter uji berupa nilai kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sangkuriang pasca perlakuan dengan ekstrak. Konsentrasi perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah 1, 2, 3, 4, dan 5%. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun inai (Lawsonia inermis L.) terbukti efektif terhadap Aeromonas hydrophila dengan nilai zona  hambat secara berturut-turut terhadap konsentrasi 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5% adalah 5,45; 5,7; 6,5; 7,5; dan 9,6 mm. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun inai berpengaruh nyata (P0,05) terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sangkuriang. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi ekstrak 4%.Kata kunci : Aeromonas hydrophila; ekstrak daun inai; ikan lele sangkuriang
Los ministros de la Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia en Chile. Un análisis de sus capitales político, social y cultural
Authors: Cuevas Hernán , Morales Mauricio , Rojas Julio , Aubry Marcel
Published: February 2016

En este artículo analizamos las trayectorias políticas de las 106 personas (de un total de 143) que ejercieron como ministros de Estado en los gobiernos de la Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia en Chile desde 1990 a 2010. Sobre la base de una encuesta aplicada a ese total, nuestro objetivo consistió en medir el capital político, social y cultural de cada persona. Luego de esto, calculamos el efecto de dichos capitales sobre la probabilidad de ejercer en los ministerios políticos, sociales o económicos. A diferencia de otros estudios que abordan el caso de Chile y que enfrentan el análisis desde los procesos de socialización de la élite, acá optamos por construir tres índices de capital político, capital social y capital cultural. Cada uno fue estandarizado a fin de hacer comparables los casos. Concluimos que, a pesar de la importancia que generalmente se atribuye al conocimiento experto y a la técnica por sobre la política, es el capital político de las personas el que más incide en la probabilidad de ejercer como ministro en carteras políticas y también en carteras técnicas. En consecuencia, si bien la formación académica y los antecedentes sociales de los ministros son relevantes, ambos quedan supeditados a la trayectoria política, que es el predictor más robusto. Esto lo probamos mediante un modelo de regresión logística y un modelo de análisis de sobrevivencia.
Participación política y liderazgo de género: las presidentas latinoamericanas
Authors: Ruiz Seisdedos Susana , Grande Gascón María Luisa
Published: February 2016

A través de este artículo se pretende analizar el impacto y el efecto de las mujeres que han llegado a ocupar la Presidencia de su país durante, al menos, una legislatura. Este estudio se realizará desde una perspectiva de participación política y liderazgo de género que permitirá estudiar y analizar las características del liderazgo de dichas mujeres: Violeta Barrios (Nicaragua), Mireya Moscoso (Panamá), Michelle Bachelet (Chile) y Cristina Fernández (Argentina). El estudio parte de un análisis comparativo sobre cómo las mujeres que ocupan el más alto cargo en su país ejercen dicho poder, estudiando si la perspectiva de género influye en la implementación de políticas de género y aparece reflejada en los indicadores sobre igualdad de su país.
INFLUÊNCIA DA INTENÇÃO EMPREENDEDORA DE DISCENTES EM UM INSTITUTO DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Fontenele Raimundo Eduardo Silveira , Brasil Marcus Vinicius de Oliveira , Sousa Antônia Márcia Rodrigues
Published: February 2016

A atenção despertada em todo o mundo para o empreendedorismo aponta os resultados positivos que a formação de ações empreendedoras em vários segmentos da sociedade tem alcançado. Assim, o objetivo geral do estudo é identificar a influência dos antecedentes pessoais, das competências empresarias e do ambiente institucional na intenção empreendedora dos discentes em uma instituição de Ensino Superior. Para isto, buscou-se analisar a intenção empreendedora em uma amostra de 109 discentes em um centro federal de ensino. A metodologia utilizada é a quantitativa foi baseada nas técnicas de Análise Fatorial e na Regressão Logística. A análise dos dados registrou um aumento da intenção para empreender por busca de independência e autoeficácia empreendedora. Por fim, o objetivo foi alcançado em decorrência das análises realizadas e reforçado por meio da validação de 83% na regressão logística, indicando que é considerado adequado para a realização de predições futuras.
EMPREENDEDORISMO SOCIAL FEMININO E MOTIVAÇÕES PARA CRIAR ORGANIZAÇÕES SOCIAIS: ESTUDO DE CASOS MÚLTIPLOS EM SERGIPE
Authors: Vaz Vitor Hugo da Silva , Teixeira Rivanda Meira , Olave Maria Elena Leon
Published: February 2016

O fenômeno da criação de organizações é considerado complexo pelo fato de os empreendedores e das organizações variarem muito em ambientes igualmente diversos. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de analisar as motivações de mulheres para criar empreendimentos sociais. O método utilizado na pesquisa foi o de estudo de casos múltiplos e as evidências foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram analisados três empreendimentos sociais criados por mulheres em Sergipe. A análise dos casos permitiu verificar os diversos motivos alegados pelas empreendedoras para criarem esses empreendimentos, com destaque aos fatores ambientais, influência familiar e a necessidade de ajudar ao próximo. É importante destacar também a contribuição de instituições de ensino e os movimentos sociais na estruturação inicial dessas organizações, bem como as associações de moradores como instituições incubadoras.
UTILIDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO CONTÁBIL GERENCIAL NA GESTÃO DAS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS: UM ESTUDO COM EMPRESAS DO PROGRAMA EMPREENDER DE UBERLÂNDIA – MG
Authors: Morais Borges Lara Fabiana , Leal Edvalda Araujo
Published: February 2016

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar qual a importância atribuída pelos gestores de MPEs às informações contábeis gerenciais e identificar a periodicidade de uso destas. Esta pesquisa classifica-se como mista por utilizar métodos qualitativos e quantitativos para atingir o objetivo proposto. A amostra foi composta por 75 gestores de micro e pequenas empresas vinculadas ao Programa Empreender desenvolvido pela Associação Comercial e Industrial de Uberlândia (ACIUB). Como metodologia, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo (para fase qualitativa), seguida pela análise descritiva e pelo teste de comparações múltiplas de proporções (fase quantitativa). Como resultados, verificou-se que os gestores avaliam as informações contábeis gerenciais como “muito importante”, porém, na maioria das vezes, não as implementam por falta de conhecimento. Sobre a frequência de utilização, a maioria das ferramentas apresentadas foi considerada como “muito utilizadas”, sendo que não foi possível avaliar a periodicidade formal de utilização. Os resultados do teste estatístico de comparações múltiplas de proporção evidenciaram que na maioria das ferramentas de controles gerenciais há uma diferença de proporção entre as proporções de “muito importante” e “pouco importante”. Os resultados evidenciam que os gestores consideram as informações contábeis gerenciais de alta importância e as utilizam com grande frequência, divergindo dos encontrados na literatura pesquisada.
MEGA LANCHE’S – FAZENDO MUITO COM POUCO NA ROCINHA
Authors: Lima Edmilson , Thurler Larriza , Nassif Vânia Maria Jorge
Published: February 2016

Com base principalmente em entrevistas realizadas com os dois sócios, o presente caso de ensino em Administração narra o histórico da Mega Lanche’s, de André e de Jorge. O caso dá atenção a fatos particularmente relevantes para o empreendedorismo e a gestão de micro e pequenas empresas em um meio adverso, de baixo desenvolvimento socioeconômico. Evidencia, em especial, modos de se fazer muito com pouco, o valor das pequenas e impactantes inovações (ou inovações frugais) e como é possível um pequeno negócio, ao invés de empregar o planejamento, utilizar modos de se administrar e estratégias emergentes rumo ao sucesso. Na realidade abordada, a inovações são frequentemente ligadas a práticas de marketing e à geração de vantagem colaborativa com ações sociais feitas com intensa relação com a comunidade local. Apesar de sua importância, a administração pouco ou nada planejada, assim como tal modo de se praticar o marketing e se gerar vantagem colaborativa, é ainda amplamente negligenciada na pesquisa e no ensino brasileiros.
Caracterização isotópica de CO2 dissolvido em águas subterrâneas em área contaminada por querosene de aviação, município de Paulínia (SP)
Authors: Bordignon Rogério , Teramoto Elias Hideo , Chang Hung Kiang , Hespanhol Emílio Carlos Bassinello
Published: February 2016

Uma nova metodologia de amostragem de gases dissolvidos em águas subterrâneas, em poços de monitoramento com seção filtrante abaixo do nível d’água é descrita neste trabalho. Os testes realizados, empreendendo a amostragem de CO2 dissolvido em águas subterrâneas em uma área contaminada por querosene de aviação no município de Paulínia, SP, foram bem sucedidos e indicam que a metodologia é válida para os fins pretendidos. Diversos trabalhos atestam que a biodegradação é responsável por alterações nos valores do  do CO2, carbono inorgânico dissolvido e CH4 dissolvido na água subterrânea. As análises das amostras coletadas pela metodologia proposta indicam que na maioria das amostras a biodegradação não modificou a assinatura isotópica do CO2 dissolvido na água subterrânea. Esses resultados decorrem das elevadas concentrações de CO2 encontradas no solo e dos valores naturais de da área serem também empobrecidos em 13C (~ -24,1 ‰), o que faz com que assinatura isotópica associada à biodegradação não fique evidente na maioria dos casos. Dessa forma, deve-se ter precaução na interpretação direta dos resultados isotópicos do CO2 coletado nos poços de monitoramento.

 
X-COPTER STUDIO
Authors: Koutný Michal , Pilát Ondrej , Černý Patrik , Kasinec Maroš , Barták Roman
Published: February 2016

We present a project that aggregates various existing robotic software and serves as a platform to conveniently control a quadrocopter, mainly for research or educational purposes. User interface runs in a browser and other components are also made with portability in mind. We provide a common interface that unifies different quadrocopter models and we implemented it for the Parrot AR.Drone 2.0. The platform is data oriented, i.e., it is based on dataflow between user objects. We implemented several such objects for: data recording and replaying, inertial and visual localization and following a given path.
PLANNING AND COORDINATION IN DRIVING SIMULATION
Authors: Schaefer Martin
Published: February 2016

We present an overview of coordination and planning tasks that we face with during the development of the AgentDrive simulation platform. We particularly describe an integration of the AgentDrive with a driving simulator OpenDS. We demonstrate how the planning and coordination mechanisms can be applied in a driving simulator for automated driving applications or realistic traffic generation. We emphasize particular planning and/or coordination methods that were already developed using AgentDrive platform.
Papillon lefevre syndrome- An imperative role of periodontist
Authors: Santha Kumari Prathypaty , Satheesh Kumar Guvvala , Santhi priya Potharaju , Durga Bai Yendluri , Dathar Sahithi
Published: February 2016

Papillon Lefevre syndrome (PLS) is a rarely encountered disorder that shows autosomal recessive inheritance. Clinically, it exhibits hyperkeratotic plaques on palmar plantar surfaces, severe periodontal loss and precocious shedding of primary as well as permanent dentition. The reason for this exceptional clinical presentation is vague and speculative. We are reporting one such case of a 23year old female patient.
Structural and electronic properties of boron- bismuth compound under pressure
Authors: Daoud Salah , Labgaa Noudjoud
Published: February 2016

In the present work, we report ﬁrst principles calculations of the pressure effect on the structural and electronic properties of Boron- Bismuth (BBi) compound in its zincblende phase. The pseudopotential plane wave (PPW) method in the framework of the density func-tional theory (DFT) within the local density approximation for the exchange-correlation functional, and the Hartwigzen-Goedecker-Hutter (HGH) scheme for the pseudopotential were used in the calculation. The unit cell volume, the molecular and crystal densities, the equation of state and also the linear and quadratic pressure coefficients of the energy band-gaps are investigated.
“Marabi Nights”: An Enlightening History Of Another Jazz
Authors: King Jonathan T
Published: February 2016

A review of Marabi Nights: Jazz, 'race' and society in early apartheid South Africa by Christopher Ballantine.
Of Icons and Iconography: Seeing Jimmie Blanton
Authors: Heyman Matthias
Published: February 2016

This article explores how iconography can be a useful analytical tool, and in the process help to demystify the lives and music of so-called jazz icons. I will start by illustrating how a narrative around jazz bassist and Ellingtonian Jimmie Blanton (1918-1942) grew that posits him as an artistic hero in the pantheon of jazz history. Next I will highlight some problems that arise with such canonization and examine two case studies focused on Blanton, one based on statements historian Gunther Schuller made in regard to the bassist’s right hand posture, and a second one focusing on his tone in relation to his physical position within the Duke Ellington Orchestra. In both cases visual sources are used to gain a better understanding of Blanton’s performance technique, which in turn aids to nuance his iconic framing.
Jazz Harmony: A Progress Report
Authors: Stover Chris
Published: February 2016

The aims of this essay are twofold. On one level, it is a careful look at three recent textbooks on jazz theory. On another level, it extrapolates from its status as a review to consider what jazz theory is today.
(Un) Cool Cats: Challenging the Traditional View of the French Response to Jazz
Authors: Fejzula Merve
Published: February 2016

A review of Andy Fry's new book, Paris Blues: African American Music and French Popular Culture, 1920-1960.
Effects of Crumb Rubber on Compressive Strength of Cement-Treated Soil
Authors: Wang F. C. , Song W.
Published: February 2016

A study was undertaken to investigate the effects of crumb rubber on the strength and mechanical behaviour of Rubberized cement soil (RCS). In the present investigation, 26 groups of soil samples were prepared at five different percentages of crumb rubber content, four different percentages of cement content and two different finenesses of crumb rubber particle. Compressive strength tests were carried out at the curing age of 7 days, 14 days, 28 days and 90 days. The test results indicated that the inclusion of crumb rubber within cement soil leads to a decrease in the compressive strength and stiffness and improves the cement soil’s brittle behaviour to a more ductile one. A reduction of up to 31% in the compressive strength happened in the 20% crumb content group. The compressive strength increases with the increase in the cement content. And the enlargement of cement content is more efficient at low cement content.
Proposal for the Assessment of Steel Truss Reliability Under Fire Conditions
Authors: Kubicka K. , Radoń U.
Published: February 2016

The paper presents a proposal for the assessment of the reliability of steel truss (both statically determinate and indeterminate) in the persistent and accidental design situation. In the analysis, a probabilistic approach was used. The global Hasofer-Lind reliability index was employed, computed in successive time steps for the whole structure, not for individual elements. The statically determinate truss was modelled as a serial system from the reliability standpoint. For the statically indeterminate truss, kinematically admissible failure mechanisms were determined by means of the examination of the singularity of the stiffness matrix of the structure, converting the truss into a geometrically variable system. For the problem thus formulated, a serial-parallel reliability model was constructed. Monitoring the reliability index in the successive minutes of the fire makes it possible to estimate the probability of the structure failure, and to decide whether the required safety level is maintained.
Lateral-Torsional Buckling of Beams Elastically Restrained Against Warping at Supports
Authors: Piotrowski R. , Szychowski A.
Published: February 2016

The study presents the results of theoretical investigations into lateral torsional buckling (LTB) of bi-symmetric I-beams, elastically restrained against warping at supports. Beam loading schemes commonly used in practice are taken into account. The whole range of stiffness of the support joints, from free warping to warping fully restrained, is considered. To determine the critical moment, the energy method is used. The function of the beam twist angle is described with power polynomials that have simple physical interpretation. Computer programs written in symbolic language for numerical analysis are developed. General approximation formulas are devised. Detailed calculations are performed for beams with end-plate joints. Critical moments determined with programs and approximation formulas are compared with the results obtained by other researchers and with those produced by FEM. Very good accuracy of results is obtained.
Waste Mineral Powders as a Components of Polymer-Cement Composites
Authors: Jaworska B. , Sokołowska J. J. , Łukowski P. , Jaworski J.
Published: February 2016

The introduction of the sustainable development elements in the construction industry leads to finding new ways of using waste minerals that are difficult in storage and recycling. Coal combustion products have been already introduced into building materials as a part of cement or concrete but they have been thought insufficiently compatible with the polymer-cement binders [7]. The paper presents results of the mechanical properties of polymer-cement composites containing two types of mineral additives: waste perlite powder that is generated during the perlite expanding process, and calcium fly ash which is the byproduct of burning coal in conventional furnaces. Mechanical tests of polymer-cement composites modified with wastes were carried out after 28 and 90 days of curing. As a part of preliminary study specific surface area and particle size distribution of mineral wastes were determined.
Does Fiscal Convergence Lead to tax Convergence? Evidence from the Eurozone
Authors: Țibulcă Ioana Laura
Published: February 2016

Taxation is a major factor in political, economic, social and fiscal policy decisions. The current study looks at the eurozone Member States in order to establish if fiscal convergence towards the Maastricht criteria leads to tax convergence. The research method is sigma-convergence based on three different variation measures (the coefficient of variation, the Gini coefficient and the Theil index). The overall tax burden is used to define national tax systems. The research period is 1995-2013.
Slaughter yield and fatty acid profiles of fillets of pike (Esox lucius L.) caught before and after spawning
Authors: Zakęś Zdzisław , Pietrzak-Fiećko Renata , Szczepkowski Mirosław , Modzelewska-Kapituła Monika , Jankowska Barbara
Published: February 2016

The aim of the study was to determine the impact pike fishing season (before spawning in fall (group A) and after spawning in spring (group B)) had on the slaughter yield and fillet fatty acid profile. The slaughter yield of fillets with skin and skinned fillets from the group B fish was significantly lower (by approximately 7.5% of body weight). The fatty acid profile of the fish meat from the groups examined differed significantly. The fillets of pike caught before spawning were dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), while those from fish caught after spawning had mainly saturated fatty acids (SFA). The share of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the fillets of fish that had spawned was sixfold lower, and the n-3 PUFA differences were nearly ninefold. The content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids in fillets of fish that had spawned was ninefold lower than in those that had not yet done so. Consequently, the ratio of n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA in pike from group A was over three times higher than that in the fish that had spawned (2.61 vs 0.82). Fillets from pike that have spawned are a significantly poorer source of valuable fatty acids for consumers.
On the superstability of generalized d’Alembert harmonic functions
Authors: EL-Fassi Iz-iddine
Published: February 2016

The aim of this paper is to study the superstability problem of the d’Alembert type functional equation
$$f(x + y + z) + f(x + y + \sigma (z)) + f(x + \sigma (y) + z) + f(\sigma (x) + y + z) = 4f(x)f(y)f(z)$$
for all x, y, z ∈ G, where G is an abelian group and σ : G → G is an endomorphism such that σ(σ(x)) = x for an unknown function f from G into ℂ or into a commutative semisimple Banach algebra.
The Activity and Enthalpy of Vaporization of Nicotine from Tobacco at Moderate Temperatures
Authors: St.Charles F. Kelley , Moldoveanu Serban C.
Published: February 2016

The vapor pressure of nicotine has been reported for unprotonated nicotine and for nicotine-water solutions. Yet no published values exist for nicotine in any commercially relevant matrix or for protonated forms (e.g., tobacco, smoke, electronic cigarette solutions, nicotine replacement products, nicotine salts). Therefore a methodology was developed to measure nicotine activity (defined as the vapor pressure from a matrix divided by the vapor pressure of pure nicotine). The headspace concentration of nicotine was measured for pure nicotine and tobacco stored at 23, 30, and 40 °C which allowed for conversion to vapor pressure and nicotine activity and for the estimation of enthalpy of vaporization. Burley, Flue-cured, Oriental, and cigarette blends were tested. Experiments were conducted with pure nicotine initially until the storage and sampling techniques were validated by comparison with previously published values. We found that the nicotine activity from tobacco was less than 1% with Burley > Flue-cured > Oriental. At 23 °C the nicotine vapor pressure averaged by tobacco type was 0.45 mPa for Oriental tobacco, 1.8 mPa for Flue-cured, 13 mPa for Burley while pure nicotine was 2.95 Pa. In general, the nicotine activity increased as the (calculated) unprotonated nicotine concentration increased. The nicotine enthalpy of vaporization from tobacco ranged from 77 kJ/mol to 92 kJ/mol with no obvious trends with regard to tobacco origin, type, stalk position or even the wide range of nicotine activity. The mean value for all tobacco types was 86.7 kJ/mol with a relative standard deviation of 6.5% indicating that this was an intrinsic property of the nicotine form in tobacco rather than the specific tobacco properties. This value was about 30 kJ/mol greater than that of pure nicotine and is similar to the energy needed to remove a proton from monoprotonated nicotine.
Globalisation of Cultural Circuits. The Case of International Awards for Fiction
Authors: Bacanu Horea
Published: February 2016

In the international circuit of fictional texts from the last fifty years (perhaps even one hundred years, in some cases), several independent international organizations, academic and editorial platforms of critique and debate have been established. They have been organizing international contests, fine authorities of critical appreciation, evaluation and awarding of most prolific authors and most successful fictional texts: novels, short stories, stories or utopian and dystopian fictions. The allotment on cultural corridors, the geographical identification of both author and title dynamics which have been nominated at the most prestigious international awards for fiction demonstrates an increased emergence of several zones where wide international circulation texts were seldom, fifty years ago. In this paper, we suggest a reinterpretation and a comprehension of the political context from the contemporary fiction, by regrouping in one category, the three classical genres (historic novel, social novel, political novel) and also the universal fiction which implies characters and relations of power. Thus, we create a category which is known as „political fiction”. The increased individualization of this literary macro-genre called „political fiction” is also a creative answer to the high speed of circulation and at the general international amplitude with which contemporary socio-political novels are distributed.
Improvement of restless legs syndrome by nabat: a case series and new hypotheses for research
Authors: Seddigh Ruohollah , Keshavarz-Akhlaghi Amir-Abbas
Published: February 2016

Background: Although many hypotheses have been suggested, the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS) has not been fully understood. In this case series, we describe eleven cases with RLS whose symptoms subsided by the use of crystallized sucrose. This kind of sugar, known as nabat, is used in traditional Iranian medicine.

Methods: Case series.

Results: All patients felt relief 30–60 min after taking 100 grams of dissolved nabat.

Conclusions: Sucrose seems to carry a special benefit for patients with RLS, and it provides evidence for growing literature demonstrating the different underlying mechanisms of RLS. Possible causes for this concurrence are also discussed.
Recognition and Its Discontents: Johannes de Silentio and the Preacher
Authors: Conway Daniel
Published: February 2016

Johannes’ invocation of the hypocritical preacher marks the rhetoricaldramatic center of Fear and Trembling. His labor of expectoration has granted him the opportunity to measure himself against his unknown twin (viz., the hypocritical preacher) and his/their alter ego (viz. the knight of morality). As we see, however, Johannes squanders this opportunity to advance his quest for self-understanding. Refusing to recognize himself in the figure of the hypocritical preacher, he is altogether unprepared to acknowledge his own status and service as a knight of morality. Frightened by his sudden transformation, Johannes hastily steers “Problema III” toward the artless conclusion it receives in Fear and Trembling.
The Self as a Center of Ethical Gravity: A Constructive Dialogue Between Søren Kierkegaard and George Herbert Mead
Authors: Hjortkjær Christian , Willert Søren
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the striking similarity between Kierkegaard’s and Mead’s theories of the self as relation, reflection and process as well as the normativity behind these theories. It is claimed that the theologian and the social psychologist share the view that the human being is an ethical being because its self is a dual relation; it relates to itself and in this relating it relates to an Other. Thus, regardless of their diverging views on the nature of this Other, they both define that of becoming a self as an unavoidable task: the task of standing in an ethical relation to oneself and to the Other. It is argued that differences in professions can be overcome: while reading Kierkegaard in the light of Mead helps to underline the relational character of Kierkegaard’s ethical notions, reading Mead in the light of Kierkegaard underlines the normative aspect of Mead’s social psychology.
“Ne Quid Nimis.” Kierkegaard and the Virtue of Temperance
Authors: Compaijen Rob
Published: February 2016

In this article I argue that-despite Kierkegaard’s seemingly harsh critique of temperance-it plays a crucial role in the ethics he worked out under the pseudonym of Anti-Climacus in The Sickness unto Death and Practice in Christianity. Anti-Climacus, following Socrates in the Philebus, thinks of the good life as a “mixed” life in which the different and opposed dimensions of human existence, peras and apeiron, are in due proportion. In Anti-Climacus’ ethics the process of realizing the “mixed” life does not, contra the Socratic conception, involve reason restricting desire, but, instead, the will (infused with self-knowledge) grounding imagination in the facticity of human existence. It is through this perfectionist process that we are able to imitate Christ, which is how Anti- Climacus ultimately understands the good life. Moreover, I suggest that we could understand this form of temperance as a virtue. In the conclusion I show that Kierkegaard’s seeming critique of temperance is actually a critique of mediocrity
Kierkegaard in Nature: The Fragility of Existing with Naturalism
Authors: Rosfort René
Published: February 2016

This article argues that in order to evidence the importance of Kierkegaard outside of Kierkegaard studies, we need to acknowledge that we live in a naturalized world. This acknowledgment brings out the necessity of reformulating Kierkegaard’s thinking in ways that make his arguments intelligible against the background of naturalism that dominates contemporary culture. After having explained what is meant by a naturalized world and by naturalism, the article attempts a reformulation of Kierkegaard’s notion of existence as one way to articulate the importance of Kierkegaard’s thinking about human beings in a naturalized world
Kierkegaard’s Aesthetics and the Aesthetic of Imitation
Authors: Kaftański Wojciech
Published: February 2016

This paper challenges the general approach to Kierkegaard’s engagement with imitation, which privileges a strictly religious reading. Heretofore imitation has been apprehended as a coherent concept shaped within the context of imitatio Christi in the devotio moderna. I locate Kierkegaard’s writings in the broader context of mimesis. Analyzing particular mimetic structures woven into the text, I show that a plurality of imitative models that are different from Christ occurs therein. Addressing the distinction between the religious and the aesthetic in Kierkegaard, I inquire into the status of these imitative models. Referring to the term “Mellembestemmelserne” and “ekphrasis”-the rhetorical device of aesthetics-I show that the other models of imitation exhibit supportive roles to the highest type of prototype (Christ) and therefore question the solely religious rendering of mimesis and the aesthetic confines of Kierkegaard’s concept of aesthetics
Freedom and the Temporality of Despair
Authors: Aroosi Jamie
Published: February 2016

This paper analyzes the “Interlude” from Philosophical Fragments, suggesting that not only is there a sophisticated critique of Hegel within it, despite recent scholarship that has asserted the contrary, but that we also find Kierkegaard offering intriguing insight into the nature of despair. Specifically, in the “Interlude,” by way of a subtle and sophisticated criticism of Hegel, Kierkegaard describes the unique sense of temporality that characterizes despair
The crystal structure of (4E,11E,31E,38E)-1,4,12,15,18,26,31,39-Octaaza-7,21,24-trihydroxy-penta-cyclo[13·13·13·16,10·120,24·133,37]tetratetraconta-4,6(44),7,9,11,18,20(43),21,23,25,31,33(42),34,36,38-pentadecaene, C36H42N8O3
Authors: Zhang Hui , Cao Xin , Zhang Bingguang , Liu Yuhai
Published: February 2016

C36H42N8O3, trigonal, R-3 (no. 148), a = 30.732(2) Å, c = 18.632(2) Å, V = 15239(2) Å3, Z = 18, R
gt
(F) = 0.0458, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1124, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-acetamido-benzoato-κ2
O:O′)triphenyltin(IV)], C27H23NO3Sn
Authors: Wang Qi-Bao , Ding Rui-Fang , Sun Shan-Shan , Ding Lin
Published: February 2016

C27H23NO3Sn, orthorhombic, P212121, a = 8.9287(7) Å, b = 15.0252(12) Å, c = 18.4531(14) Å, V = 2475.6(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0315, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0861, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)methyl)-4-nitrophenol — triethylamine (2/1), C32H33N11O14
Authors: Feng Xun , Tian Ai-Qin , Wang Cai-Lu , Wang Yang
Published: February 2016

C32H33N11O14, Monoclinic, P21/c a = 12.3339(18) Å, b = 37.764(5) Å, c = 8.2077(12) Å, α = 90°, β = 109.053(2)°, γ = 90°, V = 3613.6(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0621, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1574, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of trans-tetraaquabis(4-(pyridin-4-ylsulfonyl)pyridine-κN)cobalt(II) diperchlorate dihydrate, C20H28Cl2CoN4O18S2
Authors: Zhou Rong , Jie Liu An , Zhang Fan
Published: February 2016

C20H28Cl2CoN4O18S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.0756(2) Å, b = 17.4328(4) Å, c = 11.5696(2) Å, β = 106.477(1)°, V = 1561.88(6) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0456, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1298, T = 296 K.
Natural Nonbelief as a Necessary Means to a
Life of Choiceworthy Meaning
Authors: Vandergriff Kevin
Published: February 2016

Many have thought that certain types and distributions of apparent nonresistant nonbelief in
the world are among the best reasons to think naturalism is more probable than theism. Jason Marsh has
argued that one specific type of nonresistant nonbelief, called natural nonbelief in early humans, supports
naturalism over theism. However, I will argue that it is epistemically possible that God has a morallysufficient
reason for permitting natural nonbelief in early humans. First, according to Axiarchism, God’s
goal for physical reality is to intentionally structure it so that a choiceworthy degree of moral, intellectual,
and aesthetic value will be realized. Second, since theism entails Axiarchism, and it is far from clear
on our total available evidence that eliminating the possibility of natural nonbelief would have led to a
choiceworthy degree of moral, intellectual, and aesthetic value being realized for early humans, the degree
to which natural nonbelief supports naturalism over theism is softened.
An Evaluation of Historical Bleaching with Chlorine Dioxide Gas, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Chloramine-T at the Fogg Art Museum
Authors: Smith Theresa
Published: February 2016

In the mid-twentieth century, drawings by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres at the Fogg Art Museum were treated with chemical bleaches such as chlorine dioxide gas, sodium hypochlorite, and chloramine-T. Fifty years later, the darkened condition of the drawings was attributed to bleaching with chlorine dioxide gas. This paper discusses the three methods developed by Rutherford John Gettens to generate chlorine dioxide gas from sodium chlorite, formaldehyde and formic acid, examines the use of these bleaching methods to treat Ingres drawings at the Fogg, and discusses the sodium hypochlorite and chloramine-T bleaching methods also in use at the time. The treatments of two Ingres drawings are compared and evaluated in light of later bleaching studies and the current condition of each drawing. All of these historical bleaching methods, as practiced on the works studied, contributed to the darkening and colour/brightness reversion of drawings.
Effect of Laser Radiation on 19th Century Paper
Authors: Balakhnina Irina A. , Brandt Nikolay N. , Chikishev Andrey Yu. , Rebrikova Natalia L.
Published: February 2016

The effect of laser radiation on a German geographic map printed in 1846 is investigated. The sample is irradiated with pulsed and continuous wave radiation (cw) at a wavelength of 532 nm and fluences of 5 and 3 kJ/cm
Paint Palette Used by Iranian Masters based on Persian Medieval Recipes
Authors: Barkeshli Mandana
Published: February 2016

Classical Iranian literary sources contain valuable information with respect to materials and techniques related to the art of book-making, including pigments and dyes. Some of these writings have been composed in the form of mystical poetry which needs professional research into the language and classical terms used. Studying these primary sources is not only important for art historians but also for conservators and scientists to understand the material technology of the medieval Persian paint palette. These primary sources of knowledge in many occasions have led us to explore and reveal the secrets behind certain materials and techniques that were used during the medieval period and the reasons behind their usage. The present paper will discuss the Persian paint palette used in Persian manuscripts and miniature paintings from the 13th to 19th centuries. In this study, sixteen manuscripts have been selected and studied in detail; the recipe from each manuscript has been extracted according to each colour used in the Persian paint palette while the materials and techniques are also categorized and compared thoroughly. For easy reference, different materials and techniques used in each colour for preparation of the paint have been described separately with reference to the related treatises and their respective authors.
Analysis of Sediments on Iron Gall Inks in Manuscripts / Analyse von Ablagerungen auf Eisengallustinten in historischen Manuskripten / Analyse de sédiments sur les encres ferro-galliques dans les manuscrits anciens
Authors: Ferrer Núria , Sistach M. Carme
Published: February 2016

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) is an efficient tool to analyse deposits on iron gall inscriptions that appear on historic documents. Deposits look like white powder or whitish crystals under a microscope. Crystals show cubic or needle shapes with sizes below 20 μm. Mapping infrared spectroscopy in addition allows the selective identification of mixed deposits. Selective analysis of different inorganic oxalates is possible in four regions of the mid-infrared spectrum, thus avoiding interferences with bands of other compounds present. Calcium, potassium and iron oxalates, further calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate, basic iron sulphates and iron ammonium sulphate were identified on samples taken from selected manuscripts. The results enabled to establish a correlation of ink composition and the observed intensity of ink corrosion.
Mounting Works on Paper with Neodymium Magnets
Authors: Noehles Martina , Niehus Lena
Published: February 2016

Neodymium magnets have been in use as a mounting technique for works of art on paper for several years; however, the method is still in its infancy. These very strong magnets provide a valuable addition to the traditional methods of mounting artworks on paper and objects made from paper, textile, or other materials for exhibitions. They offer an interesting and elegant alternative to attachment with adhesives, especially when adhesives may not or cannot be applied to the original work. This article addresses the physical properties and manufacture of the magnets, including their coatings and nomenclature. Three successful case studies of mounting artworks on paper with these “super magnets” are presented here. In addition, the limits and possible difficulties of working with neodymium magnets are addressed, as well as precautionary measures to take when handling them.
Was ist ‘Wahrheit’ (2)?: ein Vergleich französischer, keltischer, indischer, iranischer und griechischer Vorstellungen von der Verwirklichung der Wahrheit; eine kulturgeschichtliche und sprachwissenschaftliche Analyse. Teil I
Authors: Hartmann Hans
Published: February 2016

Bei der in meinem Aufsatze “Was ist Wahrheit (1)?” in

Es liegt nahe, dem Gang vorliegender Forschungen folgend, mit Frankreich zu beginnen, Irland und Gallien in den Mittelpunkt der Untersuchungen zu stellen, diese dann mit Griechenland, Iran und Indien zu konfrontieren und schließlich über England nach Frankreich zurückzukehren, um kulturelle Zusammenhänge hervortreten zu lassen und möglicherweise Ansatzpunkte für weitere Forschungen über Frankreich zu erschließen.
PIE *meĝh-
Authors: Kazansky Nikolai N.
Published: February 2016

I am a classicist, but in my studies of Greek etymology I sometimes come across Celtic material. I am glad to have this opportunity to discuss the interpretation of some Celtic features used in IE etymologies with Celtologists.
Further to Vercelli śo=
Authors: Eska Joseph F.
Published: February 2016

Today, there is broad agreement that the verbal form
Die altirischen Glossen als sprachgeschichtliches Dokument
Authors: Schmidt Karl Horst
Published: February 2016

Nicht von ungefähr hat Rudolf Thurneysen sein

1) “Er [Strachan] wollte, sich rein auf das Gebiet des Irischen beschränkend, in einem umfangreicheren Werke das Altirische und das Mittelirische zusammen behandeln. Ich [Thurneysen] plante von Anfang an, mich bei der knapperen Fassung streng ans Altirische zu halten und nur in der Richtung darüber hinauszugehen, daß ich solchen, die vom Studium anderer indogermanischer Sprachen her an das Irische heranträten, die verbindenden Fäden bloßlegte” (Thurneysen:
The F.E.R.C.AN. Project: Fontes epigraphici religionis Celticae antiquae
Authors: Hainzmann Manfred
Published: February 2016

Celtic tribes once occupied a vast area which stretched from Ireland to Spain and northern Italy, down the Danube river to the Balkans. Even in Asia a small province named Galatia was held by the Galati, who were of Celtic origin and survived till late antiquity. Throughout these territories we find many archaeological traces of ancient Celtic religion. Highly important for the reconstruction of the Celtic pantheon are the widespread epigraphic testimonies on various votive objects from Celtic sanctuaries and shrines (e. g.: altars, columns, bronze tablets etc.) as well as the anepigraphic reliefs representing indigenous deities. With the ever increasing number of such significant finds this invaluable epigraphic source material has never been documented, analysed or interpreted in its entirety. Scholarly documentation, systematic analysis are nevertheless an essential premise to study ancient Celtic religion. It will not only allow us to recognise the linguistic origins, the meaning and the spread of Celtic deities, but will also improve our understanding of the phenomenon of
Prospects in Old Irish syntax
Authors: Isaac G. R.
Published: February 2016

I begin with a brief piece of history: after studying in UCD, Pádraig Mac Coisdealbha went as a postgraduate to the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, where he researched for his doctorate under Professor Karl Horst Schmidt. He successfully completed this in 1974, with the dissertation entitled ‘The syntax of the sentence in Old Irish: selected studies from a descriptive, comparative and historical point of view’. On a visit to Ireland in 1976, he was killed in a car crash, aged 26. The dissertation was issued posthumously by the University in Bochum in a simple binding, under the direction of Professor Schmidt, and copies had been available in major Celtic library collections since then. In 1994, while I was conducting research into early Welsh syntax in Bonn, Professor Schmidt asked me to edit Mac Coisdealbha's work for full publication, taking account of the progress of research in the field in the meantime. After various delays, the book was finally published in 1998.
Some archaic elements of Celtic cosmology
Authors: Kalygin Victor
Published: February 2016

In the Old Irish sources there are some fragments which might be regarded as elements of an obsolete dual system. After the Second Battle of Mag Tuired the world was divided into two parts: the first one, being under the hills, the
On the etymology of Grannus
Authors: Zeidler Jürgen
Published: February 2016

The name of the Gallo-Roman healing god (Apollo) Grannus has always been subject to some controversy. Three proposals concerning its etymology have been put forward: It has been associated with a word ‘beard, eyebrow’ derived from the Indo-European root *