bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Witches, fire, and fairies: Parent–child conversations during fantastic and real emotionally charged stories
Authors: Carrick Nathalie , Sawaya Stephanie , Palisoc Jennifer
Published: September 2018

Preschoolers' fantasy–reality distinctions vary by the emotional content of the information; they report that happy and sad fantastic or real events can occur more often than frightening events. Given that children rely on parents' testimony when evaluating information, the present study examined the role parents play in children's fantasy–reality distinctions for emotionally charged events. Fifty‐nine parents and their 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds read happy, frightening, and sad stories that contained either fantastic or real events. Conversations during the readings were coded and analysed for patterns across story conditions. Findings reveal that topics of conversations differed significantly by discrete emotion and at times by reality status. Parents and children engaged with happy and sad events (e.g., by relating events to children's lives and helping the story characters) and distanced themselves from frightening events (e.g., by ameliorating the situation and switching negative tone to positive). Findings provide new insights into how parents talk to children about emotionally charged fantasy and reality that contribute to our understanding of how children construct their understanding of real and unreal information.

Highlights

The study examined parent–child conversations about happy, frightening, and sad fantastic and real events.

While reading stories, parents and children interacted with the happy and sad events and distanced themselves from the frightening events.

Conversations about fantasy and reality may influence children's fantasy–reality distinctions.
polyMOF Formation from Kinked Polymer Ligands via ortho‐Substitution
Authors: Palomba Joseph M. , Ayala Sergio , Cohen Seth M.
Published: September 2018

Reticular chemistry is an important tool in the crystal engineering of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). Isoreticular chemistry allows for the preparation of MOFs of the same topology from ligands with related geometries. In this work, reticular chemistry is used to explore the scope of polyMOFs, which are frameworks synthesized from polymer ligands. “Linked” ortho‐substituted benzene dicarboxylate polymer ligands with varying length alkyl spacers were used to synthesize polyMOFs and elucidate the effects of polymer architecture on resulting crystal formation. It was found that these “kinked” polymer ligands were able to form polyIRMOF architectures, but did not readily form polyUiO‐66 topologies.
Long‐term efficacy follow‐up of tension‐free vaginal tape obturator in patients with stress urinary incontinence with or without cystocele
Authors: Bakas Panagiotis , Papadakis Emmalouel , Karachalios Charalampos , Beta Anastasia , Liapis Angelos
Published: September 2018

Objective

To assess the long‐term outcomes of tension‐free vaginal tape obturator (inside‐out) (TVTO) with or without anterior colporrhaphy.

Methods

The present prospective follow‐up observational study included patients attending the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieio Hospital, University of Athens, Greece, between April 3 and December 20, 2017, for follow‐up care after treatment for urodynamic stress urinary incontinence (USUI) with or without cystocele. Patients without cystocele had been treated with TVTO only; those with cystocele underwent TVTO with anterior colporrhaphy. The primary outcome was the objective cure rate assessed by the cough stress test during filling cystometry.

Results

Follow‐up data were available for 70 patients who underwent TVTO only and 38 who underwent TVTO and anterior colporrhaphy. The mean follow‐up period was 13 years. Objective cure was achieved for 57 (81%) patients in the TVTO‐only group and 32 (84%) patients in the TVTO and anterior colporrhaphy group. Regarding cystocele management, objective cure was recorded for 35 (92%) patients.

Conclusion

At 13‐year follow‐up, anterior colporrhaphy demonstrated a cure rate of 92% in the management of cystocele, and 84% in the management of cystocele and USUI when combined with TVTO. TVTO alone for the management of USUI had an objective cure rate of 81%.
Further examination of video‐based preference assessments without contingent access
Authors: Brodhead Matthew T. , Kim So Yeon , Rispoli Mandy J.
Published: September 2018

The first purpose of this study was to attempt to replicate previous findings that video‐based preference assessments without access to selected stimuli may accurately predict relative reinforcing efficacy of stimuli. To do this, we conducted a concurrent operant reinforcer assessment in which we evaluated the relative reinforcing value of highly preferred and less preferred items identified in a video‐based preference assessment. The second purpose of this study was to begin to evaluate the potential behavioral mechanisms responsible for the validity of this assessment. To conduct this analysis, we evaluated the relative reinforcing value of those same stimuli depicted in video format and then compared results to results obtained during the reinforcer assessment for tangible stimuli. For all five participants, stimuli identified as highly preferred functioned as reinforcers, and four of five participants, responding during the reinforcer assessment was similar in the presence of tangible stimuli and videos depicting those stimuli.
An evaluation of a punisher assessment for decreasing automatically reinforced problem behavior
Authors: Verriden Amanda L. , Roscoe Eileen M.
Published: September 2018

We extended research on the identification and evaluation of potential punishers for decreasing automatically reinforced problem behavior in four individuals with autism spectrum disorder. A punisher selection interview was conducted with lead clinicians to identify socially acceptable punishers. During the treatment evaluation, treatment phases were introduced sequentially and included noncontingent reinforcement (NCR), NCR and differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA), and NCR‐and‐DRA with punishment. During the NCR‐and‐DRA with punishment phase, four to five potential punishers were evaluated using a multielement design. Dependent measures included the target problem behavior, appropriate item engagement, and emotional responding. For all participants, NCR‐and‐DRA was not effective and punishment was necessary. However, the most effective punisher identified in the context of NCR‐and‐DRA differed across participants.
Assessment of the influence of viscoelasticity of cornea in animal ex vivo model using air‐puff optical coherence tomography and corneal hysteresis
Authors: Maczynska Ewa , Karnowski Karol , Szulzycki Krzysztof , Malinowska Monika , Dolezyczek Hubert , Cichanski Artur , Wojtkowski Maciej , Kaluzny Bartlomiej , Grulkowski Ireneusz
Published: September 2018

Application of the air‐puff swept source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) instrument to determine the influence of viscoelasticity on the relation between overall the air‐puff force and corneal apex displacement of porcine corneas ex vivo is demonstrated. Simultaneous recording of time‐evolution of the tissue displacement and air pulse stimulus allows obtaining valuable information related in part to the mechanical properties of the cornea. A novel approach based on quantitative analysis of the corneal hysteresis of OCT data is presented. The corneal response to the air pulse is assessed for different well‐controlled intraocular pressure (IOP) levels and for the progression of cross‐linking‐induced stiffness of the cornea. Micrometer resolution, fast acquisition and noncontact character of the air‐puff SS‐OCT measurements have potential to improve the in vivo assessment of mechanical properties of the human corneas.
Angular range, sampling and noise considerations for inverse light scattering analysis of nuclear morphology
Authors: Zhang Haoran , Steelman Zachary A. , Ho Derek S. , Chu Kengyeh K. , Wax Adam
Published: September 2018

In recent years, significant work has been devoted to the use of angle‐resolved elastic scattering for the extraction of nuclear morphology in tissue. By treating the nucleus as a Mie scattering object, techniques such as angle‐resolved low‐coherence interferometry (a/LCI) have demonstrated substantial success in identifying nuclear alterations associated with dysplasia. Because optical biopsies are inherently noninvasive, only a small, discretized portion of the 4π scattering field can be collected from tissue, limiting the amount of information available for diagnostic purposes. In this work, we comprehensively characterize the diagnostic impact of variations in angular sampling, range and noise for inverse light scattering analysis of nuclear morphology, using a previously reported dataset from 40 patients undergoing a/LCI optical biopsy for cervical dysplasia. The results from this analysis are applied to a benchtop scanning a/LCI system which compromises angular range for wide‐area scanning capability. This work will inform the design of next‐generation optical biopsy probes by directing optical design towards parameters which offer the most diagnostic utility.
Sequential one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of bis‐aminothiazols and evaluation of their antibacterial and antioxidant activities
Authors: Parvizi Jafar , Mahmoodi Nosrat O. , Pirbasti Fateme Ghanbari
Published: September 2018

A series of novel bis‐thiazoles were synthesized through a one‐pot semi‐five‐component reaction of the prepared α‐bisbromo ketones, aldehydes, and thiosemicarbazide in the presence of p‐TsOH under reflux condition. Products were obtained in reasonable yields via an efficient, convenient, and simple setup. The inhibitory activity on bacterial growth of the products was studied against Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram‐positive bacterial strains (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus) at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL at 600 nm). Most of the products showed inhibitory activity at the concentration of 200 μg/mL. In addition, bis‐thiazoles showeed high to moderate antioxidant activity using the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Bis‐thiazoles 6i and 6j showed higher antioxidant activity than vitamin C and vitamin E.
Adult attachment as a predictor and moderator of psychotherapy outcome: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Levy Kenneth N. , Kivity Yogev , Johnson Benjamin N. , Gooch Caroline V.
Published: September 2018

Bowlby’s attachment theory describes characteristic patterns of relating to close others and has important implications for psychotherapy. Attachment patterns have been characterized as secure (healthy interdependence with others), anxious (overdependence on others), and avoidant (difficulty relying on others). We update a previous meta‐analysis to determine the association of patient attachment with psychotherapy outcome. Meta‐analysis of 36 studies (3,158 patients) suggested that patients with secure attachment pretreatment show better psychotherapy outcome than insecurely attached patients. Further, improvements in attachment security during therapy may coincide with better treatment outcome. Finally, preliminary moderator analyses suggest that those who experience low pretreatment attachment security may find better treatment outcome in therapy that incorporates a focus on interpersonal interactions and close relationships. The article closes with research limitations, diversity considerations, and therapeutic practices.
“It's like all of his attention is on you”: A mixed methods examination of attachment, supportive nonparental youth–adult relationships, and self‐esteem during adolescence
Authors: Yu Mark Vincent B. , Deutsch Nancy L. , Futch Ehrlich Valerie A. , Arbeit Miriam R. , Johnson Haley E. , Melton Theresa N.
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to examine the relationship between attachment, supportive nonparental youth‐adult relationships, and self‐esteem during adolescence. First, in a quantitative path analysis, we found that perceived social support from nonparental adults partially mediated the relationship between adolescent attachment and self‐esteem. In our follow‐up mixed methods analysis, we analyzed youth reflections of support experienced in relationships with significant non‐parental adults (VIPs). As compared to youth with positive attachment models, youth with negative attachment models reported fewer instances of emotional support but more instances of validation support. The youth with negative attachment models described (1) the importance of trust and (2) receiving emotional support specific to their needs. In instances of validation support, these youth described how their VIPs (1) provided them with honest and realistic feedback, (2) challenged their negative thinking and (3) created opportunities for them to recognize and showcase their strengths. Our findings underscore the importance of considering youths' individual attributes in the context of their ongoing relationships in order to gain a more nuanced understanding of the role and dynamics of supportive nonparental youth‐adult relationships in youths' lives.
EhRab21 mobilization during erythrophagocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Constantino‐Jonapa Luis A. , Hernández‐Ramírez Verónica Ivonne , Osorio‐Trujillo Carlos , Talamás‐Rohana Patricia
Published: September 2018

Rab proteins are present in all eukaryotic lineages and regulate vesicular trafficking. Entamoeba histolytica has approximately 100 genes encoding Rab proteins, among which 16 have homology with human Rab proteins. Human Rab21 participates in integrin recycling, and thus amoebic Rab21 was believed to regulate the mobilization of Ehβ1FNR (integrin‐like fibronectin receptor related with human integrin β1). We analyzed the distribution of EhRab21 using a polyclonal antibody produced with a specific peptide against the amoebic Rab protein, using confocal microscopy and specific probes for different organelles. EhRab21 was not associated with Ehβ1FNR in fibronectin‐stimulated trophozoites. However, EhRab21 was relocalized to lysosomes in erythrophagocytosis assays and was also found in Golgi‐positive structures and the nuclear periphery. These results suggest that EhRab21, unlike its human homologue, is not present in the recycling pathway. However, according to the results, EhRab21 may regulate the trafficking between lysosomes and the Golgi apparatus.
Developmental anatomy of anomalous structure and classification of commercial specifications and grades of the Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus
Authors: Li Renqing , Yin Minzhen , Yang Mei , Chu Shanshan , Han Xiaojing , Wang Moujun , Peng Huasheng
Published: September 2018

The Daodi herb, Huangqi from Shanxi, is derived from the root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao. Huangqi was divided into different commercial specifications and grades in producing area according to macroscopic features. Developmental anatomy of anomalous structure of the perennial fresh main root of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was investigated using conventional paraffin section to explore the relationship between anomalous structure and classification of commercial specifications and grades of Huangqi. The results of developmental anatomy showed that parenchyma cells in secondary phloem and secondary xylem of the perennial fresh main root regained meristematic ability, and resulted in anomalous structure. Several layers of additional periderm could sometimes be found in the secondary phloem near the initial periderm, which was called rhytidome. Additional periderm could sometimes be observed in the center of secondary xylem, which was described as “rotten heart.” The area of rhytidome and “rotten heart” increased gradually with increasing age. The results of different commercial specifications and grades of Huangqi revealed rhytidome and “rotten heart” mainly existed in Ge‐Da‐Tou, Er‐Dao‐Tou, Hong‐Lan‐Qi, Special Class, First Class, and Second Class. The additional periderm in secondary phloem of Ge‐Da‐Tou, Er‐Dao‐Tou, Hong‐Lan‐Qi, and Special Class could reach five layers; however, that of First Class and Second Class was three layers at most. In summary, this study demonstrated the rules of the development of rhytidome and “rotten heart” in A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. The relationship between anomalous structure and different commercial specifications and grades of Daodi herb Huangqi, was clarified.

Research highlights

The rhytidome and the development of “rotten heart” have not been reported in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. At present article, we demonstrated the developmental anatomy of the rhytidome and “rotten heart” existed in the secondary phloem and secondary xylem of the root of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus respectively. The rhytidome and “rotten heart” is different among six commercial specifications and grades of Huangqi.
Quantitative characterization and diagnosis via hard X‐ray phase‐contrast microtomography
Authors: Liu Huiqiang , Ji Xuewen , Ma Yan , Du Guohao , Fu Yanan , Abudureheman Yibanu , Liu Wenya
Published: September 2018

Nondestructive three‐dimensional (3D) micromorphological imaging technique is essential for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) disease to determine its damage level and early diagnosis, assess relative drug therapy and optimize treatment strategies. However, the existing morphological researches of HAE mainly depend on the conventional CT, MRI, or ultrasound in hospitals, unfortunately confronting with the common limit of imaging resolution and sensitivity, especially for tiny or early HAE lesions. Now we presented a phase‐retrieval‐based synchrotron X‐ray phase computed tomography (PR‐XPCT) with striking contrast‐to‐noise ratio and high‐density resolution to visualize the HAE nondestructive 3D structures and quantitatively segment different pathological characteristics of HAE lesions without staining process at the micrometer scale. Our experimental results of the HAE rat models at early and developed pathological stages and albendazole liposome (L‐ABZ) therapeutic feeding models successfully exhibited the different HAE pathological 3D morphological and microstructural characteristics with excellent contrast and high resolution, demonstrating its availability and superiority. Moreover, we achieved the quantitative statistics and analysis of the pathological changes of HAE lesions at different stages and L‐ABZ therapeutic evaluation, helpful to understanding the development and drug treatment of HAE disease. The PR‐XPCT‐based quantitative segmentation and characterization has a great potential in detection and analysis of soft tissue pathological changes, such as different tumors.
Surface morphological and physical characterizations of glass ionomer cements after sterilization processes
Authors: de Sousa‐Lima Rodolfo X. , de Lima Joyce F. M. , Silva de Azevedo Lucas J. , de Freitas Chaves Letícia V. , Alonso Roberta C. B. , Borges Boniek C. D.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate if sterilization methods would promote changes in the selected adhesion‐related surface properties of glass ionomer cements (GICs). Riva self‐cure (RSC) and Riva light‐cure (RLC) GICs were tested. Thirty samples were prepared according to the type of material (RSC and RLC) and sterilization method: hydrogen peroxide gas plasma (HPGP), steam sterilization (SS), and no sterilization (n = 5 per group). A Teflon matrix (5 × 2 mm) was filled with one of the GICs to produce the samples. For the groups with the RLC material, the samples were light cured using a light curing unit for 20 s. After 24 hr, finishing and polishing were performed in all samples and then they were sterilized. Surface roughness, wettability, and micromorphology were accessed using a profilometer, a goniometer, and a scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed through a two‐way ANOVA and Tukey post‐hoc test (p < .05). Both sterilization methods promoted similar roughness values to the nonsterilized samples (p > .05). HPGP decreased contact angle for RSC (p < .01), and SS increased contact angle for RLC (p < .01). Samples subjected to HPGP presented similar surface micromorphology to nonsterilized ones, regardless of the material. SS promoted exposition of smaller filler particles in both materials. Although sterilization methods did not alter surface roughness and wettability, the sterilization methods selectively altered the micromorphology of the materials tested.

Research highlights

This study's main finding suggests that each sterilization method altered the surface of glass ionomers in different ways. Thus, the choice of sterilization methods prior to bacterial adhesion can lead to a bias in antimicrobial studies.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted MRI of invasive breast cancer: Correlation with prognostic factors and kinetic features acquired with computer‐aided diagnosis
Authors: Song Sung Eun , Cho Kyu Ran , Seo Bo Kyoung , Woo Ok Hee , Park Kyong Hwa , Son Yo Han , Grimm Robert
Published: September 2018

Background

As both intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) modeling and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) provide perfusion parameters, IVIM‐derived perfusion parameters might be expected to correlate with the kinetic features from DCE‐MRI.

Purpose

To investigate the association between IVIM parameters and prognostic factors and to evaluate the correlation between IVIM parameters and kinetic features in invasive breast cancer patients using computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD).

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Eighty‐five patients (invasive cancers; mean size, 1.8 cm; range, 0.8–4.8 cm) who underwent diffusion‐weighted imaging with 12 b‐values (0–1000 s/mm2).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T MRI axial, IVIM‐DWI epi‐sequence, and DCE‐MRI.

Assessment

Two radiologists measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), diffusion coefficient, pseudodiffusion coefficient, and perfusion fraction (f) using IVIM modeling. Kinetic features such as peak enhancement and early and delayed enhancement profiles were acquired using CAD.

Statistical Tests

The correlation between the IVIM parameters and kinetic features and the association between the IVIM parameters and prognostic factors were investigated using Mann–Whitney test and Spearman correlation test.

Results

There were no significant associations between IVIM parameters and prognostic factors. When IVIM parameters were correlated with kinetic features by CAD, both the ADC and f values showed correlations with delayed enhancement profiles. The ADC values were lower in tumors with lower persistent components (P = 0.013) and higher washout components (P = 0.045) and showed a positive correlation with persistent proportion (Spearman's rho (r) = 0.222, P = 0.041). The f value was higher in tumors with higher persistent components (P = 0.021) and showed a positive correlation with persistent proportion (r = 0.227, P = 0.029).

Data Conclusion

This analysis revealed that IVIM‐derived ADC and f values showed correlations with kinetic features at the delayed phase as assessed by CAD. These results indicate the potential of IVIM imaging biomarkers to provide information on the biological and kinetic properties of breast cancers without a contrast agent.

Level of Evidence: 4

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:118–130.
Screening for production of proteinase inhibitors by Antarctic Streptomycetes
Authors: Dimitrova‐Stefanova Darina Blagovest , Gocheva Blagovesta Todorova
Published: September 2018

Three out of 17 Streptomycetes strains – Streptomyces sp. 35 LBG09, Streptomyces sp. 36 LBG09, and Streptomyces sp. 39 LBG09, were selected based on the high production of proteinase inhibitors with trypsin serine proteinase activity. The strains were isolated from soil samples taken from the area around the Bulgarian station on Livingston Island, Antarctica. Biosynthesis of proteinase inhibitors by the promising strains started at different stages of their development but was generally not associated with the growth of the producers. Peak levels were reached in the stationary phase (96–120 h) of their cultivation. Inducing effects on strain development, biomass accumulation, and proteinase inhibitor biosynthesis were based on the composition of the nutrient medium: the polypeptones contained in Taguchi medium and glucose as a carbon source. The most productive out of the three strains was Streptomyces sp. 36 LBG09. Its maximum inhibitory activity was reached at 96 h in culturing media modified by three different carbon sources. The active proteinase inhibitor biosynthesis proceeded at pH values between 6.8 and 8.6 and the dynamics of production depended on the type of carbon source. Peak levels of extracellular protein and dry biomass were reached at 120 h in the stationary growth phase. The residual sugars were minimal at the end of the process when using soluble starch as a carbon source, and maximal when glucose was used.
Increasing plant diversity and forb ratio during the revegetation processes of trampled areas and trails enhances soil infiltration
Authors: Su Lei , Yang Yongsheng , Li Xiaoya , Wang Dong , Liu Yanchun , Liu Yinzhan , Yang Zhongling , Li Mingming
Published: September 2018

Livestock breeding and production activities provide the livelihood for herdsmen; nevertheless, the accompanying trampling has the potential to negatively influence the physiochemical environment of soil. The policy of returning grazing land to grassland has greatly influenced both biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the regulatory mechanism behind changes of soil infiltration capacity remains largely unexplored. Here, three sites (a 1‐year [R1] and a 3‐year [R3] restoration of grassland, which were both trampled areas and trails an untrampled grassland) were sampled on the Mongolian Plateau of China. The infiltration parameters, soil properties, root channel area, and plant community were determined for each site. The results showed that the species richness, aboveground biomass, and the proportion of forbs in the R3 grassland were 2.7‐, 5.5‐ and 30.8‐times higher than those of the R1 grassland, respectively. The soil infiltration rates and cumulative infiltration increased with species richness, aboveground biomass, and the proportion of forbs. Importantly, all values of species richness, aboveground biomass, and forbs ratio increased with progressing restoration. Overall, our results indicate that grasses recovered first after trampling ceased. Along with the improvement of soil surface conditions, forb species with greater root channel area increased gradually, which increased the soil infiltration rate. Our research highlights the changes in plant community of trampled areas and trails and the regulatory influence of revegetation on soil infiltration.
Tannic Acid Cross‐linked Polysaccharide‐Based Multifunctional Hemostatic Microparticles for the Regulation of Rapid Wound Healing
Authors: Li Na , Yang Xiao , Liu Wen , Xi Guanghui , Wang Mingshan , Liang Bin , Ma Zhaipu , Feng Yakai , Chen Hao , Shi Changcan
Published: September 2018

Hemostatic microparticles (HMs) have been widely used in surgery. To improve the comprehensive performance of HMs, multifunctional HMs named HM15 and HM15′ are prepared from starch, carboxymethyl chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and tannic acid. Herein, tannic acid is used as an effective cross‐linker. A 3D network structure for cell growth and wound repair can be formed by secondary cross‐linking. Through synergistic effect of these natural materials, the process of wound healing can be regulated controllably. HM15 and HM15′ have the ability of rapid hemostasis. Moreover, HM15′ shows excellent properties in antibacteria and wound healing acceleration. Blood clotting time treated with different HMs is shortened obviously from 436.8 s to 126 s. Compared with Celox, HM15 and HM15′ exhibited better broad spectrum antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, the wound can be repaired rapidly by HM15′ in 14 days. These multifunctional HMs might have an important prospect in clinical application.
High Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness of Carbon Nanotube–Cellulose Composite Films with Layered Structures
Authors: Feng Xiao , Qin Xingzhen , Liu Detao , Huang Zuqiang , Zhou Yanling , Lan Weiyu , Lu Fachuang , Qi Haisong
Published: September 2018

Flexible and electrically conductive carbon nanotube (CNT)–cellulose composite films are fabricated by a green route based on sodium hydroxide/urea aqueous solution. Both single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are investigated as conductive fillers. The microstructure and physical properties of the films are characterized extensively. It is observed that CNTs form layered conductive networks in the cellulose matrices during the drying process. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) of these composite films is also investigated. The results exhibit that the EMI SE of the materials is in accordance with electrical conductivity, which is highly dependent on the CNT loadings. Compared to MWCNT–cellulose composite films, the films with SWCNT show more effectiveness as EMI materials in the frequency range of 12–18 GHz. With SWCNT loading of 10 wt%, the EMI SE can reach 32.5–40 dB. Considering the thickness and density of the material, furthermore, the SWCNT–cellulose film possesses an extremely high specific EMI SE value of about 7678 dB cm2 g−1, which is due to the unique layered structures of CNTs. Thus, these flexible conductive composite films have the potential to be used as high‐efficiency shielding materials against electromagnetic radiation in advanced application fields.
Competition models with diffusion, analytic semigroups, and inertial manifolds
Authors: Nguyen Thieu Huy , Bui Xuan‐Quang
Published: September 2018

Motivated by a two‐specie competition model with cross‐diffusion in population ecology with time‐dependent environmental capacity, we study the semilinear parabolic evolution equation of the form
where the linear operator −A generates an analytic semigroup. Our main task is to prove the existence of inertial manifolds for mild solutions to such an evolution equation under the conditions that the linear partial differential operator −A has spectral gap being sufficiently large, and the nonlinear term f satisfies ϕ‐Lipschitz condition, ie, ‖f(t,x) − f(t,y)‖ ≤ ϕ(t)‖Aθ(x − y)‖ for ϕ belonging to some admissible space. We then apply the obtained result to study asymptotic behavior of the above‐mentioned competition model.
Structure–Activity Relationship and Prediction of the Electron‐Transfer Potential of the Xanthones Series
Authors: Li Xican , Jiang Qian , Chen Ban , Luo Xiaoling , Chen Dongfeng
Published: September 2018

The structure–activity relationships of 31 xanthones were analyzed by using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay to determine their electron‐transfer (ET) potential. It was proven that the ET potential of xanthones was dominated by four moieties (i.e. hydroquinone moiety, 5,6‐catechol moiety, 6,7‐catechol moiety, and 7,8‐catechol moiety) and was only slightly affected by other structural features, including a single phenolic OH group, the resorcinol moiety, the transannular dihydroxy moiety, a methoxy group, a sugar residue, an isoprenyl group, a cyclized isoprenyl group, and an isopentanol group. The results could be used to predict the ET potentials of other antioxidant xanthones.
Design and Synthesis of New 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Triazines for the Treatment of Cancer and Inflammation
Authors: Zacharie Boulos , Abbott Shaun D. , Duceppe Jean‐Simon , Gagnon Lyne , Grouix Brigitte , Geerts Lilianne , Gervais Liette , Sarra‐Bournet François , Perron Valérie , Wilb Nicole , Penney Christopher L. , Laurin Pierre
Published: September 2018

Low‐molecular‐weight synthetic molecules 1 with the general 2‐(fluorophenylamino)‐4,6‐disubstituted 1,3,5‐triazine structure and showing anti‐inflammatory and anticancer activities were explored. Structure–activity relationship studies demonstrated the importance of the aminopentyl chain, the 3‐ or 4‐fluorophenylaniline component, and the presence of at least one substituent, such as a tyramine moiety, attached directly to the triazine ring as essential for good activity. These compounds, represented by leads 4‐{2‐[4‐(5‐Aminopentylamino)‐6‐(3‐fluorophenylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐ylamino]ethyl}phenol (6) and 4‐{2‐[4‐(5‐Aminopentylamino)‐6‐(4‐fluorophenylamino)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐ylamino]ethyl}phenol (10), displayed moderate and significant in vitro and in vivo dual activities, respectively, and address the molecular link between inflammation and cancer. Compound 10 demonstrated significant antitumor efficacy upon administration by the oral and intravenous routes in several animal models. This class of triazine compounds is new, safe, and nontoxic and offers a novel approach to the treatment of inflammation and cancer.
Photochemical Formation of Tunable Gold Nanostructures Using Versatile Water‐Soluble Thiolate Au(I) Precursor
Authors: Murshid Nimer , Smith D. Scott , Kitaev Vladimir
Published: September 2018

Efficient and facile preparation of gold nanostructures (AuNSs) with tunable size and localized surface plasmon resonance, LSPR, is accomplished using the developed versatile water‐soluble gold thiolate precursor Au(I)glutathione (Au(I)GSH). Optimal AuNS tuning is achieved via photochemical pathway. The LSPR of AuNSs can be tuned from 518 to 750 nm by using different light‐emitting diode (LED) wavelengths and through size and shape (compact versus multipods) variation. Furthermore, suitability of the developed precursor is demonstrated in the thermal pathway and seed‐mediated regrowth to fine‐tune AuNSs. Overall, diverse tunable AuNSs can be conveniently prepared through several pathways by transformations of the developed thiolate precursor to suit diverse functional applications.
Respiratory symptoms associated with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Rubinstein Eitan , Rosen Rachel L.
Published: September 2018

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an atopic condition diagnosed based on eosinophilic infiltration in the esophagus and symptoms of esophageal dysfunction. Typical clinical manifestations of EoE include feeding refusal, vomiting, and dysphagia however recent reports highlight an associations with extraesophageal symptoms. By definition the inflammatory response in EoE is restricted to the esophagus. However, accounts of symptoms such as chronic refractory cough, recurrent croup, hoarseness as well as subglottic stenosis, and an increase in otolaryngologic surgeries in patients with EoE raise the possibility of extraesophageal manifestations of the disease. These symptoms have been reported at times in the absence of typical gastrointestinal symptoms. While the condition is usually managed by gastroenterologist and/or allergist, the presence of extraesophageal symptoms and comorbid conditions may result in patients presenting initially to providers in other subspecialties such as pulmonology and otorhinolaryngology. The use of proton pump inhibitors and corticosteroids are part of the management of EoE. Awareness of the possibility of EoE before the empiric use of these therapies is important as there use can make identifying and diagnosing patients with EoE correctly challenging. We review the medical literature regarding extraesophageal manifestations of EoE and highlight the importance of awareness for subspecialist outside of gastroenterology and allergy for the condition.
Coverage‐based vulnerability discovery modeling to optimize disclosure time using multiattribute approach
Authors: Kansal Yogita , Kapur Parmod Kumar , Kumar Uday
Published: September 2018

Software vulnerabilities trend over time has been proposed by various researchers and academicians in recent years. But none of them have considered operational coverage function in vulnerability discovery modeling. In this research paper, we have proposed a generalized statistical model that determines the relationship between operational coverage function and the number of expected vulnerabilities. During the operational phase, possible vulnerable sites are covered and vulnerabilities present at a particular site are discovered with some probability. We have assumed that the proposed model follows the nonhomogeneous Poisson process properties; thus, different distributions are used to formulate the model. The numerical illustration shows that the proposed model performs better and has the good fitness to the Google Chrome data. The second focus of this research paper is to evaluate the total cost incurred by the developer after software release and to identify the optimal vulnerability disclosure time through multiobjective utility function. The proposed vulnerability discovery helps in optimization. The optimal time problem depends on the combined effect of cost, risk, and effort.
Reliable finite‐time H∞ control for singular Markovian jump system with actuator saturation via sliding‐mode approach
Authors: Ma Yuechao , Liu Yangfan , Liu Na , Wang Yanning
Published: September 2018

This paper explores the finite‐time H∞ control problem for singular stochastic systems with actuator saturation and time‐varying state delay through the sliding‐mode approach. Time delay is a kind of positive differentiable bounded delay. A novel suitable switching function and a suitable sliding‐mode control law are given to guarantee that the closed‐loop actuator saturating system is singular stochastic H∞ finite‐time boundedness on the specified sliding surface. Sensor failures are taken into consideration for the error system, and sufficient criteria are provided to ensure the error system is singular stochastic finite‐time boundedness. The gain matrices of sliding‐mode controller and state observer are obtained by solving the corresponding linear matrix inequalities. Finally, simulation examples are given to illustrate the proposed method.
A predictive management tool for blackfly outbreaks on the Orange River, South Africa
Authors: Rivers‐Moore Nicholas A. , Hill Trevor R.
Published: September 2018

Downstream flow alteration resulting from river impoundment or interbasin transfer schemes, while improving water supply assurance levels, has been shown to have negative ecological consequences, including outbreaks of pest blackfly. In South Africa's Orange River, large impoundments constructed in the 1970s have created an ongoing blackfly outbreak problem. Although the severity of the outbreaks has been successfully managed using aerial applications of larvicides, periodic outbreaks continue to occur. Understanding the interactions of the multiple variables driving the outbreaks is complex. We integrated variables useful in predicting outbreak conditions (discharge, water temperature, seston concentration, benthic algae) using a Bayesian network approach. Data to define probabilities were collected at 11 sites over four sampling seasons, and system states were derived using flow and water temperature thresholds. The late summer months (February, March, and April) were most favourable for pest blackly outbreaks, and the probability of an outbreak is six times higher for postimpoundment versus preimpoundment flow conditions. The model was successful in integrating multiple environmental variables that act as triggers for pest blackfly outbreaks. The efficacy of the model as a management tool will increase if ongoing monitoring data are incorporated into the model as case files.
Highly Selective Reduction of α, β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones under Ambient Conditions using Tetraalkylphosphonium‐based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Ralphs Kathryn , McCourt Éadaoin , Ormandy Christopher , Carneiro de Souza Thiago A. , Nockemann Peter , Jacquemin Johan , Manyar Haresh G.
Published: September 2018

An efficient and green protocol for highly selective reduction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones at room temperature is described in a range of ionic liquids, in the absence of noble metal catalysts, by using NaBH4 as reducing agent. Most notably, using [P6,6,6,14][N(CN)2] ionic liquid, in absence of organic solvent, within 10 min, 97% conversion of cinnamaldehyde was achieved with 100% selectivity towards cinnamyl alcohol. The ionic liquid was easily recycled without any noticeable decline in activity. The reduction protocol was further extended to a variety of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and ketones.
Oxygen‐Doped Nickel Iron Phosphide Nanocube Arrays Grown on Ni Foam for Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Xi Wenguang , Yan Gang , Lang Zhongling , Ma Yuanyuan , Tan Huaqiao , Zhu Haotian , Wang Yonghui , Li Yangguang
Published: September 2018

A rationally designed oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst with advanced structural and compositional superiority is highly desirable to optimize electrocatalytic performance. Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) with adjustable element compositions and accessible porous structures represent a promising precursor for the preparation of OER catalysts. Herein, oxygen‐doped nickel iron phosphide nanocube arrays (Ni2P/(NiFe)2P(O) NAs) grown on Ni foam is rationally designed and fabricated from PBAs. The porous structure and the synergistic effect of Ni and Fe enable superior electrocatalytic performance and stability toward the OER in alkaline electrolytes. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe‐incorporated Ni2P can generate new active sites on the Fe atoms, and the energy barriers of the intermediates and products are decreased efficiently in the presence of surface doped oxygen, both processes are crucial factors for enhanced catalytic performances. In 1 m KOH, the Ni2P/(NiFe)2P(O) NAs afford current densities of 10 and 800 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of 150 and 530 mV, respectively, which outperform the commercial noble metal IrO2. Ni2P/(NiFe)2P(O) NAs also have long‐term stability over 100 h at a high current density. The present approach may provide a new avenue for the controlled assembly of nanoarrays for energy storage and conversion applications.
Visible Light Actuated Efficient Exclusion Between Plasmonic Ag/AgCl Micromotors and Passive Beads
Authors: Wang Xu , Baraban Larysa , Misko Vyacheslav R. , Nori Franco , Huang Tao , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Fassbender Jürgen , Makarov Denys
Published: September 2018

Insight is provided into the collective behavior of visible‐light photochemically driven plasmonic Ag/AgCl Janus particles surrounded by passive polystyrene (PS) beads. The active diffusion of single Janus particles and their clusters (small: consisting of two or three Janus particles and large: consisting of more than ten Janus particles), and their interaction with passive PS beads, are analyzed experimentally and in simulations. The diffusivity of active Janus particles, and thus the exclusive effect to passive PS beads, can be regulated by the number of single Janus particles in the cluster. On the simulation side, the Langevin equations of motion for self‐propelled Janus particles and diffusing passive PS beads are numerically solved using Molecular‐Dynamics simulations. The complex interactions of both subsystems, including elastic core‐to‐core interactions, short‐range attraction, and effective repulsion due to light‐induced chemical reactions are considered. This complex mixed system not only provides insight to the interactive effect between active visible light‐driven self‐propelled micromotors and passive beads, but also offers promise for implications in light‐controlled propulsion transport and chemical sensing.
Fabrication of Sub‐Micrometer‐Sized MoS2 Thin‐Film Transistor by Phase Mode AFM Lithography
Authors: Liu Lianqing , Shi Jialin , Li Meng , Yu Peng , Yang Tie , Li Guangyong
Published: September 2018

The phase mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography and monolayer lift‐off process are combined to fabricate electronics based on 2D materials (2DMs), which remove the need for pre‐fabricating markers and increase the accuracy of the overlay and alignment. The promising phase mode of AFM lithography eliminates the drawbacks of the conventional force mode such as the over‐cut, under‐cut, debris effect, and severe tip wear. The planar size of MoS2 thin‐film transistors is shrunken down to sub‐micrometer by the proposed method, and the fabricated devices demonstrate n‐type characteristics. It offers a more flexible and easier way to fabricate prototypes of sub‐micrometer‐sized 2DMs based devices, and gives the opportunity to explore the size effect on the performance of 2DMs devices.
Our Contributions in Synthesis of Diverse Heterocyclic Scaffolds by Using Mixed Oxides as Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Bhaskaruni Sandeep V. H. S. , Gangu Kranthi Kumar , Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: September 2018

This personal account mainly introduces and reviews our recent contributions in developing different catalyst materials involving mixed oxides and their scope as renewable catalysts in multicomponent reactions to synthesize various novel heterocyclic scaffolds under green conditions. The application of various mixed oxides and their composites in the organic synthesis is emphasized through this review, in order to reveal the versatility, scope and importance of mixed oxides and their interactions during the reaction. We have also briefed the limitations of mixed oxides as catalysts, to put forward the broader prospective in the field.
Nickel, Cobalt and Palladium Catalysed C−H Functionalization of Un‐Activated C(sp3)−H Bond
Authors: Mishra Ashish A. , Subhedar Dnyaneshwar , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: September 2018

This review represents nickel, cobalt and palladium catalyzed C−H activation of sp3 carbon, with special emphasis on methyl C−H activation. The importance of directing group assistance and effect of ligand on β‐ or γ‐ C(sp3)−H activation is summarized in this review. The mechanistic study for Ni, Co and Pd catalyzed sp3 C−H bond functionalization also discussed in detail.
Hydrological data uncertainty and its implications
Authors: McMillan Hilary K. , Westerberg Ida K. , Krueger Tobias
Published: September 2018

Hydrologic data are at the core of our understanding of physical hydrologic processes, our simulation models and forecasts of water resources and hazards, and our monitoring of water quantity and quality. However, hydrologic data are subject to multiple sources of uncertainty that can introduce bias and error into our analyses and decision‐making if not properly accounted for. In this article, we summarize five categories of data uncertainty: measurement uncertainty, derived data uncertainty, interpolation uncertainty, scaling uncertainty, and data management uncertainty. Hydrologic data uncertainty magnitudes are typically in the range 10–40%. To quantify data uncertainty, hydrologists should first construct a perceptual model of uncertainty that itemizes uncertainty sources. The magnitude of each source can then be estimated using replicates (repeated, nested or subsampled measurements), or information from the literature (in‐depth uncertainty results from experimental catchments, colocated gauges or method comparisons). Multiple uncertainty sources can be combined using Monte Carlo methods to determine total uncertainty. Data uncertainty analysis improves hydrologic process understanding by enabling robust hypothesis testing and identification of spatial and temporal patterns that relate to true process differences rather than data uncertainty. By quantifying uncertainty in data used for input or evaluation of hydrologic models, we can prevent parameter bias, exclude disinformative data, and enhance model performance evaluation. In water management applications, quantifying data uncertainty can lead to robust risk analysis, reduced costs, and transparent results that improve the trust of the public and water managers.

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Science of Water > Methods

Engineering Water > Planning Water