bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land Surface Precipitation in MERRA-2
Authors: Reichle Rolf H. , Liu Q. , Koster Randal D. , Draper Clara S. , Mahanama Sarith P. P. , Partyka Gary S.
Published: November 2016

The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), features several major advances from the original MERRA reanalysis, including the use, outside of high latitudes, of observations-based precipitation data products to correct the precipitation falling on the land surface in the MERRA-2 system. The method for merging the observed precipitation into MERRA-2 has been refined from that of the (land-only) MERRA-Land reanalysis. This paper describes the method and evaluates the MERRA-2 land surface precipitation. Compared to monthly GPCPv2.2 observations, the corrected MERRA-2 precipitation (M2CORR) is better than the precipitation generated by the atmospheric models within the cycling MERRA-2 and MERRA systems. M2CORR is also better than MERRA-Land precipitation over Africa because in MERRA-2 a merged satellite–gauge precipitation product is used instead of the gauge-only data used for MERRA-Land. Compared to 3-hourly TRMM observations, the M2CORR diurnal cycle has better amplitude but less realistic phasing than MERRA-2 model-generated precipitation. Because correcting the precipitation within the coupled atmosphere–land modeling system allows the MERRA-2 near-surface air temperature and humidity to respond to the improved precipitation forcing, MERRA-2 provides more self-consistent surface meteorological data than were available from MERRA-Land, which is important for applications such as land-only modeling studies. Where precipitation observations of sufficient quality are available for use in the reanalysis, the corrections facilitate the seamless spinup of the land surface initial conditions across the MERRA-2 production streams. At high latitudes, however, the lack of reliable precipitation observations results in undesirable land spinup effects that impact mostly the first published year of each MERRA-2 stream (1980, 1992, 2001, and 2011).
The Role of Power and Incentives in Inducing Fake Reviews in the Tourism Industry
Authors: Choi Sungwoo , Mattila Anna S. , Van Hoof Hubert B. , Quadri-Felitti Donna
Published: November 2016

As online reviews have become increasingly prevalent in recent years and their influence on consumers’ purchasing decisions has grown exponentially, some companies have begun to ask people to write fake reviews about their businesses or their competitors while offering compensation in return. This process has drawn the attention of regulators because it knowingly misleads consumers. This article reports on two studies that looked at the effect of two types of incentives (self-benefiting or charitable) on individuals’ intentions to write fake reviews and examined the moderating role of a person’s sense of power on his or her propensity to post a fake review. The study findings indicate that powerless individuals are more likely to post a fake review when presented with a monetary incentive rather than a charity incentive, while powerful individuals are not impacted by incentive type. Moreover, when asked to post negative fake reviews about competitors, such effects are mitigated.
Intertextuality and Methodological Bias: Prolegomena to the Evaluation of Source Materials in 1 Peter
Authors: Williams Travis B.
Published: November 2016

The similarities between 1 Peter and certain New Testament epistles (e.g., Romans, Ephesians) have long been recognized. According to the modern consensus, these affinities developed out of shared oral traditions which circulated within early Christianity and not through any direct literary borrowing. What has been overlooked in this discussion, however, is that the methods used to assess the linguistic and thematic parallels, by their very nature, have (virtually) excluded literary dependence as a potential explanation, and thus the denial of a literary relationship has been (essentially) guaranteed from the start. While not seeking to resolve the question of 1 Peter’s dependence on the Pauline corpus, this article attempts to expose some of the methodological problems surrounding the consensus view and to establish reliable criteria which can be used to determine literary relationships. The conclusions – while focused on 1 Peter – are applicable to the discussion of intertextuality more broadly.
The Independent Perceptual Calibration of Action-Neutral and -Referential Environmental Properties
Authors: Thomas Brandon J. , Wagman Jeffrey B. , Hawkins Matthew , Havens Mark , Riley Michael A.
Published: November 2016

Two experiments were conducted to explore how the calibration of perception of environmental properties taken with reference to an animal and their action capabilities (e.g., affordances) and those that are independent of action capabilities (e.g., metric properties) relate. In both experiments, participants provided reports of the maximum height they could reach above their head with a number of different stick(s) (reach-with-stick height) and the length of those stick(s), a property that is a constituent of reach-with-stick height. In Experiment 1 reach-with-stick height reports improved over trials whereas stick length reports remained constant. In Experiment 2, feedback about maximum reach-with-stick height improved perception of this affordance, but such improvements did not transfer to perception of stick length in a pretest/practice task/posttest design. The results suggest that the perceptual calibration with practice perceiving or feedback about actual dimensions of action-referential and action-neutral properties do not necessarily depend on one another.
Calculating Probability in Sex Offender Risk Assessment
Authors: Elwood Richard W.
Published: November 2016

Risk is the probability of an adverse event or outcome. In a previous article, I compared the Bayesian and Frequentist models of defining probability. This article compares the Bayesian and regression models of quantifying probability. Both approaches are widely used in the biomedical and behavioral sciences even though they yield different results. No consensus has emerged as to which is more appropriate. The choice between them remains controversial. This article concludes that the Bayesian model provides a viable alternative to logistic regression and may be more useful in quantifying the absolute recidivism risk of individual sex offenders. It shows how evaluators can easily calculate Bayesian probabilities and their associated credible intervals from an actuarial data set. Last, the article proposes a forensic practice guideline that evaluators do not conclude that an offender meets an absolute risk threshold unless the subject’s risk exceeds the threshold by a credible margin of error.
The Corruption Norm
Authors: Nelson J.S.
Published: November 2016

The article weaves together concepts and arguments from law, behavioral ethics, and management to explain the spread of systemic wrongdoing at the levels of individuals, companies, and across industries.
Effect of Calcaneus Fracture Gap Without Step-Off on Stress Distribution Across the Subtalar Joint
Authors: Barrick Brett , Joyce Donald A. , Werner Frederick W. , Iannolo Maria
Published: November 2016

Background:

Subtalar arthritis is a common consequence following calcaneal fracture, and its development is related to the severity of the fracture. Previous calcaneal fracture models have demonstrated altered contact characteristics when a step-off is created in the posterior facet articular surface. Changes in posterior facet contact characteristics have not been previously characterized for calcaneal fracture gap without step-off.

Methods:

The contact characteristics (peak pressure, area of contact, and centroid of pressure) of the posterior facet of the subtalar joint were determined in 6 cadaveric specimens. After creating a calcaneal fracture to simulate a Sanders type II fracture, the contact characteristics were determined with the posterior facet anatomically reduced followed by an incremental increase in fracture gap displacement of 2, 3, and 5 mm without a step-off of the articular surface.

Results:

Peak pressure on the medial fragment was significantly less with a 5-mm gap compared to a 2- or 3-mm gap, or reduced. On the lateral fragment, the peak pressure was significantly increased with a 5-mm gap compared to a 2- or 3-mm gap. Contact area significantly changed with increased gap.

Conclusion:

In this study, there were no significant differences in contact characteristics between a <3-mm gap and an anatomically reduced fracture, conceding the study limitations including limiting axial loading to 50% of donor body weight.

Clinical Relevance:

A small amount of articular incongruity without a step-off can be tolerated by the subtalar joint, in contrast to articular incongruity with a step-off present.
Adults With Persistent ADHD: Gender and Psychiatric Comorbidities—A Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yoshimasu Kouichi , Barbaresi William J. , Colligan Robert C. , Voigt Robert G. , Killian Jill M. , Weaver Amy L. , Katusic Slavica K.
Published: November 2016

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders among adults from a population-based birth cohort. Method: Participants were recruited from all children born between 1976 and 1982 remaining in Rochester, Minnesota, after age 5. Participants with childhood ADHD ( n = 232; M age = 27.0 years; 72% men) and non-ADHD controls ( n = 335; M age = 28.6 years; 63% men) completed a structured interview (M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview) assessing current ADHD status and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Results: Among 232 with childhood ADHD, 68 (49 men, 19 women) had persistent adult ADHD. Compared with non-ADHD controls and non-persistent ADHD participants, adults with persistent ADHD were significantly more likely to have any or each of 12 psychiatric comorbidities. The associations retained significant or marginally significant when stratified by gender. Externalizing psychiatric disorders were more common in men (74%) and internalizing disorders in women (58%). Conclusion: Persistent ADHD is associated with an increased risk of comorbid psychiatric disorders in adult men and women.
Gender and sexuality in the authoritarian discursive strategies of ‘New Turkey’
Authors: Cindoglu Dilek , Unal Didem
Published: November 2016

In the last decade, discourse on sexuality has proliferated more than ever in the political realm in Turkey. The discursive utilization of women’s bodies and sexualities has appeared as the main tool to consolidate a conservative gender regime and the heterosexual family with children is promoted as the basic unit to reinforce hegemonic moral values and norms. This article aims to disentangle the intricate patchwork in the Justice and Development Party’s (JDP) gender politics, which is geared towards ensuring pervasive control of women’s bodies and sexualities. Within this framework, this article investigates the proliferation of the discourse on women’s bodies and sexualities in Turkish politics by delving into the constitutive factors of the JDP’s hegemonic gender politics and examining the narrative lines in recent public debates on women’s sexualities.
Acceptability of Strategies to Reduce Student Sitting
Authors: Laine Hanna , Araújo-Soares Vera , Haukkala Ari , Hankonen Nelli
Published: November 2016

Background. As school days among adolescents include long periods of prolonged sitting, teachers are key agents to deliver interventions to reduce youth sedentary behavior. To develop an intervention, acceptability and feasibility of alternative strategies should be tested. We aimed to examine teachers’ current use and willingness to use various strategies to decrease student sitting and potential barriers and facilitators of use. Method. Mixed-methods design with college teachers using an online cross-sectional survey (n = 192) and focus group interviews (n = 13). Findings. Although a vast majority (87%) of the teachers found reducing prolonged sitting an important goal, only 47% were actually including practices to reduce sitting in their classroom. 89% of the teachers reported willingness to use at least one of the five alternative strategies presented. Focus groups revealed a discussion emphasis on environmental opportunity and motivation as key to implementation. Teachers also generated additional ideas for intervention content. Discussion. Despite low levels of current sitting reduction, teachers were willing to try at least one strategy to reduce sitting. Results informed intervention development regarding parameters of use for each strategy. When possible, interventions should provide teachers with a variety of alternative strategies that are easy to use to reduce prolonged sitting.
Feasibility and Technical Aspects of Proximal Nellix-in-Nellix Extension for Late Caudal Endograft Migration
Authors: Donselaar Esmé J. , Holden Andrew , Zoethout Aleksandra C. , Zeebregts Clark J. , Reijnen Michel M. P. J.
Published: November 2016

Purpose: To describe the feasibility and technical aspects of a proximal Nellix-in-Nellix extension to treat caudal stent-graft migration after endovascular aneurysm sealing (EVAS) in the in vitro and in vivo settings. Methods: In vitro studies were designed (1) to assess inner diameters of Nellix-in-Nellix extensions after postdilation with 12-mm balloons and (2) to test wall apposition in tubes with different diameters using a Nellix-in-Nellix stent-graft that extended out of the original Nellix stent-graft lumen by 10, 20, 30, and 40 mm. Simulated-use experiments were performed using silicone models in conjunction with a pulsatile flow pump. In the clinical setting, 5 patients (median age 74 years, range 73–83) presented at 2 centers with type Ia endoleak secondary to caudal Nellix stent-graft migration measuring a median 9 mm (range 7–15) on the left and 7 mm (range 0-11) on the right. Median polymer fill volume at the initial EVAS procedure was 42.5 mL (range 25–71). The median time to reintervention with a proximal Nellix extension was 15 months (range 13–32). Results: In vitro, the inner diameters of the Nellix-in-Nellix extensions were consistent after postdilation. Cases with 10 and 20 mm of exposed endobag resulted in a poor seal with endoleak, while cases with 30 and 40 mm of exposed endobag length exhibited angiographic seal. Fill line pressures of the second Nellix were higher than expected. In the 5 clinical cases, chimney grafts were required in each case to create an adequate proximal landing zone. The Nellix-in-Nellix procedure was successful in all patients. There were no procedure-related complications, and no endoleaks were observed during a median 12-month follow-up. Reinterventions were performed in 2 patients because of in-stent stenosis and chimney graft compression, respectively. Conclusion: Proximal Nellix-in-Nellix extension can be used to treat caudally migrated Nellix stent-grafts and to treat the consequent type Ia endoleak, but the technique differs from primary EVAS. The development of dedicated proximal extensions is desirable.
The Exploration of Risk and Protective Score Differences Across Juvenile Offending Career Types and Their Effects on Recidivism
Authors: Cox Stephen M. , Kochol Peter , Hedlund Jennifer
Published: November 2016

Despite an abundance of research on serious and violent juvenile offenders, few studies have linked juvenile offending career categories to juvenile court risk assessments and future offending. This study uses juvenile court referrals and assessment data to replicate earlier categorizations of serious, violent, and chronic offenders; to examine risk and protective score differences across these categories; and to assess whether risk and protective score constructs differentially predict adult criminality across these offender categories. Based on a sample of 9,859 juvenile offenders who aged out of Connecticut’s juvenile justice system between 2005 and 2009, we found that (1) our categorization of juvenile career types mirrored earlier work, (2) comparing risk and protective factors across and within juvenile career types identified distinct patterns, and (3) the juvenile risk and protective assessment subscales were not predictive of adult arrests for chronic offenders but were predictive for nonchronic juvenile career types.
The new nomos of the earth and the channelling of violence
Authors: Kalpokas Ignas
Published: November 2016

This article develops a theoretical explanation of the patterns of violence and distribution of conflict in contemporary world. It combines the international political thought of Carl Schmitt with an exploration of the conflicts in Ukraine and Syria and tensions over the South China Sea in order to envisage a new spatialisation of the world (‘nomos’ in Schmittian parlance) based around Großräume – ‘large spaces’, that is, powerful agglomerations of states – and peripheral lands in-between. It is thereby stipulated that while direct violence between Großräume is limited (or nonexistent), inter- Großraum competition is channelled towards the periphery, and the three cases presented in this article demonstrate how the exact nature and means of conflict depend on a particular inter- Großraum alignment. This reconceptualisation of the international order is presented in the wider context of Schmitt’s political thought, particularly his notions of the political, sovereignty and the exception in order to elucidate the latent processes behind the formation of state groupings and their willingness to engage in conflict beyond their borders.
Similarity in marketing: Scope, measurement, and fields of application
Authors: Bèzes Christophe , Mercanti-Guérin Maria
Published: November 2016

The concept of similarity is central to marketing research. Its fields of application are very varied. Yet this concept, which is more complex than it seems, is still poorly understood. It must be distinguished from other closely related concepts such as similitude, difference, fit, and congruence. This article shows that the type of similarity used (literal or relational) has different effects on consumers’ cognitive processes. This can dramatically alter the results of an experiment. The same applies to the type of measurement used.
Research is not a ‘scary’ word: Registered nurses and the barriers to research utilisation
Authors: Hendricks Joyce , Cope Vicki
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to find out whether registered nurses read research articles, understand them and translate the research to practice. There is a problem with research knowledge translation in the clinical setting. Despite exposure to research, registered nurses often distance themselves from reading nursing research. A point-prevalence survey was conducted on a sample of registered nurses in a peripheral hospital in Western Australia. The survey was distributed to all wards of the hospital ( n = 7). One-hundred and five ( n = 105) registered nurses were eligible to participate. Ninety-five ( n = 95) completed and the survey. The survey consisted of 11 general questions and an open-ended question. The majority of registered nurses in clinical practice found research articles difficult to understand because of research jargon. Most indicated that they sometimes or never understood what they are reading. Almost all nurses revealed that if research articles were in a ‘simpler’ language they would read them more and apply what they had learned. Promoting a common, user-friendly language in a research abstract or summary which is targeted to the registered nurse audience may assist in finding a common knowledge exchange between researchers and nurses and so help bridge the gap between research and practice.
Work Life and Family Life Collide: Online Support for New Fathers
Authors: Salzmann-Erikson Martin
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze online discussions about parental leave in relation to the work lives and private lives of new fathers. A netnographic study of nearly 100 discussion threads from a freely accessible online forum for fathers was conducted. Data were coded, sorted, and categorized by qualitative similarities and differences. The results of the study indicate that new fathers seek Internet forums to discuss work-related topics. Parental leave can provoke worries and anxiety related to management and co-worker attitudes which can create concern that they should be back at work. The results are presented in two categories: (a) attitudes expressed by employers and colleagues and (b) leaving work but longing to be back. The phenomenon of parental leave for fathers is more complex than simply “for” or “against” attitudes. Fathers can use Internet forums to discuss their experiences, fears, and anxiety and provide reasonable accommodations for both work and family life.
Measuring the Readability of Sustainability Reports: A Corpus-Based Analysis Through Standard Formulae and NLP
Authors: Smeuninx Nils , De Clerck Bernard , Aerts Walter
Published: November 2016

This study characterises and problematises the language of corporate reporting along region, industry, genre, and content lines by applying readability formulae and more advanced natural language processing (NLP)–based analysis to a manually assembled 2.75-million-word corpus. Readability formulae reveal that, despite its wider readership, sustainability reporting remains a very difficult to read genre, sometimes more difficult than financial reporting. Although we find little industry impact on readability, region does prove an important variable, with NLP-based variables more strongly affected than formulae. These results not only highlight the impact of legislative contexts but also language variety itself as an underexplored variable. Finally, the study reveals some of the weaknesses of default readability formulae, which are largely unable to register syntactic variation between the varieties of English in the reports and demonstrates the merits of NLP in report readability analysis as well as the need for more accessible sustainability reporting.
A randomized assessment of adding the kinase inhibitor lestaurtinib to first-line chemotherapy for FLT3-mutated AML
Authors: Knapper Steven , Russell Nigel , Gilkes Amanda , Hills Robert K. , Gale Rosemary E. , Cavenagh James D. , Jones Gail , Kjeldsen Lars , Grunwald Michael R. , Thomas Ian , Konig Heiko , Levis Mark J. , Burnett Alan K.
Published: November 2016

Key Points

No overall clinical benefit was seen after the addition of lestaurtinib to standard chemotherapy for newly diagnosed FLT3-mutated AML. Lower rates of relapse and improved overall survival were seen in patients who achieved sustained levels of FLT3 inhibitory activity.
Viscosity approximations methods for $(\psi,\varphi)$-weakly contractive mappings
Authors: Mishra Swaminath , Pant Rajendra , Panicker Rekha
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we study viscosity approximations with $(\psi,\varphi)$
(
ψ
,
φ
)
-weakly contractive mappings. We show that Moudafi’s viscosity approximations follow from Browder and Halpern type convergence theorems. Our results generalize a number of convergence theorems including a strong convergence theorem of Song and Liu (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2009:824374, 2009).
Draft genome of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Guan Rui , Zhao Yunpeng , Zhang He , Fan Guangyi , Liu Xin , Zhou Wenbin , Shi Chengcheng , Wang Jiahao , Liu Weiqing , Liang Xinming , Fu Yuanyuan , Ma Kailong , Zhao Lijun , Zhang Fumin , Lu Zuhong , Lee Simon Ming-Yuen , Xu Xun , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Fu Chengxin , Ge Song , Chen Wenbin
Published: November 2016

Background

Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) is one of the most distinctive plants. It possesses a suite of fascinating characteristics including a large genome, outstanding resistance/tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and dioecious reproduction, making it an ideal model species for biological studies. However, the lack of a high-quality genome sequence has been an impediment to our understanding of its biology and evolution.

Findings

The 10.61 Gb genome sequence containing 41,840 annotated genes was assembled in the present study. Repetitive sequences account for 76.58% of the assembled sequence, and long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) are particularly prevalent. The diversity and abundance of LTR-RTs is due to their gradual accumulation and a remarkable amplification between 16 and 24 million years ago, and they contribute to the long introns and large genome. Whole genome duplication (WGD) may have occurred twice, with an ancient WGD consistent with that shown to occur in other seed plants, and a more recent event specific to ginkgo. Abundant gene clusters from tandem duplication were also evident, and enrichment of expanded gene families indicates a remarkable array of chemical and antibacterial defense pathways.

Conclusions

The ginkgo genome consists mainly of LTR-RTs resulting from ancient gradual accumulation and two WGD events. The multiple defense mechanisms underlying the characteristic resilience of ginkgo are fostered by a remarkable enrichment in ancient duplicated and ginkgo-specific gene clusters. The present study sheds light on sequencing large genomes, and opens an avenue for further genetic and evolutionary research.
Immigration and wages: new evidence from the African American Great Migration
Authors: Gardner John
Published: November 2016

During the African American Great Migration, millions of blacks left the Southern USA in favor of cities in the North. Despite the social and economic consequences of this migration, the question of its impacts on labor markets in the North has largely been overlooked in the literature. In this paper, I use both local wage comparisons and structural simulations of the aggregate Northern labor market to provide new evidence on the effects of the Great Migration on wages in the North, redoubling the evidence that it caused large declines in wages for blacks, with little effect for whites. The agreement between my local and aggregate wage effect estimates has implications for our general understanding of how immigration and wages are related and how that relationship can be measured.
An acoustic eikonal equation for attenuating transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis
Authors: Hao Qi , Alkhalifah Tariq
Published: November 2016

Seismic-wave attenuation is an important component of describing wave propagation. Certain regions, such as gas clouds inside the earth, exert highly localized attenuation. In fact, the anisotropic nature of the earth induces anisotropic attenuation because the quasi P-wave dispersion effect should be profound along the symmetry direction. We have developed a 2D acoustic eikonal equation governing the complex-valued traveltime of quasi P-waves in attenuating, transversely isotropic media with a vertical-symmetry axis (VTI). This equation is derived under the assumption that the complex-valued traveltime of quasi P-waves in attenuating VTI media are independent of the S-wave velocity parameter [Formula: see text] in Thomsen’s notation and the S-wave attenuation coefficient [Formula: see text] in Zhu and Tsvankin’s notation. We combine perturbation theory and Shanks transform to develop practical approximations to the acoustic attenuating eikonal equation, capable of admitting an analytical description of the attenuation in homogeneous media. For a horizontal-attenuating VTI layer, we also derive the nonhyperbolic approximations for the real and imaginary parts of the complex-valued reflection traveltime. These equations reveal that (1) the quasi SV-wave velocity and the corresponding quasi SV-wave attenuation coefficient given as part of Thomsen-type notation barely affect the ray velocity and ray attenuation of quasi P-waves in attenuating VTI media; (2) combining the perturbation method and Shanks transform provides an accurate analytic eikonal solution for homogeneous attenuating VTI media; (3) for a horizontal attenuating VTI layer with weak attenuation, the real part of the complex-valued reflection traveltime may still be described by the existing nonhyperbolic approximations developed for nonattenuating VTI media, and the imaginary part of the complex-valued reflection traveltime still has the shape of nonhyperbolic curves. In addition, we have evaluated the possible extension of the proposed eikonal equation to realistic attenuating media, an alternative perturbation solution to the proposed eikonal equation, and the feasibility of applying the proposed nonhyperbolic equation for the imaginary part of the complex-valued traveltime to invert for interval attenuation parameters.
Glycemic Predictors of Insulin Independence After Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation
Authors: Quartuccio Michael , Hall Erica , Singh Vikesh , Makary Martin A. , Hirose Kenzo , Desai Niraj , Walsh Christi , Warren Daniel , Sun Zhaoli , Stein Ellen , Kalyani Rita R.
Published: November 2016

Context:

Total pancreatectomy with islet auto transplantation (TPIAT) is a treatment for medically refractory chronic pancreatitis that can prevent postsurgical diabetes in some patients. Predictors of insulin independence are needed for appropriate patient selection and counseling.

Objective:

To explore glycemic predictors of insulin independence after TPIAT.

Design:

A prospective cohort of patients.

Methods:

We investigated 34 patients undergoing TPIAT from 2011-2016 at Johns Hopkins Hospital, all had a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) administered prior to their TPIAT. The primary outcome was insulin independence 1 year after TPIAT.

Results:

Ten of 34 (29%) patients were insulin independent 1 year after TPIAT. All patients with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance preoperatively were insulin dependent at 1 year. In age-adjusted regression analyses, fasting glucose ≤ 90 mg/dL [odds ratio (OR) = 6.56; 1.11 to 38.91; P = 0.04], 1-hour OGTT glucose ≤ 143 mg/dL (OR = 6.65; 1.11 to 39.91; P = 0.04), and 2-hour OGTT glucose ≤ 106 mg/dL (OR = 11.74; 1.46 to 94.14; P = 0.02) were significant predictors of insulin independence. In receiver operating characteristic analyses, homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) was the most robust predictor of insulin independence [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.88; 0.73 to 1.00].

Conclusions:

Normal preoperative glucose status and lower fasting and postchallenge OGTT glucose values are significant predictors of insulin independence after TPIAT. Higher islet function (HOMA-β) was the strongest predictor. OGTT testing may be a useful tool to aid in patient counseling prior to TPIAT and should be further investigated.
The Slave at the Louvre: An Invisible Humanity
Authors: Vergès Françoise
Published: November 2016

The objective of the organized visits titled “The Slave in the Louvre: An Invisible Humanity (2012)” was to explore how slavery had contaminated Europeans’ tastes, ways of living, consuming, receiving, and representation of themselves. Looking at the paintings featuring men smoking; aristocratic women wearing cotton; and tables covered with china teapots, sugar bowls, coffeepots, or cowries was like pulling a series of threads to reveal the global network established by the mercantile economy of slavery and the ways its conditions of production were hidden. The paintings also exposed the intersection between bonded work, construction of gendered ways of being (tobacco associated with masculinity, sugar with femininity), accumulation of wealth, commerce, and European art.
Who’s Zoomin’ Who?: The Eyes of Donyale Luna
Authors: Powell Richard J.
Published: November 2016

The most iconic image that accompanied the 1996 publication of 20th Century Photography: Museum Ludwig, Cologne—and one that continues to intrigue scholars of black diasporic visual culture—was the German photographer Charlotte March’s black-and-white photograph Donyale Luna with Earrings (1966), shot for twen magazine. March’s subject—the African American fashion model and actress Donyale Luna (1945–79)—is of great historical significance, not only because Luna was the first internationally acclaimed black fashion model, but also because she had an especially arresting, black diasporic visage at a time of European American aesthetic hegemony in high fashion and limited opportunities for black visibility in the mass media. This article tracks the conceptualization of Charlotte March’s singular portrait of Donyale Luna, putting it in its broader historical context and, relatedly, as a pivotal image from a sequence of contiguous photographic statements and counterstatements by several of the leading fashion photographers from the Swinging Sixties. What this account points to is the often undertheorized role of race and gender in modern visual studies and, in particular, this picture’s implicit metanarrative of black female agency and civil rights–era cultural defiance. The social contract between the photographer and “the sitter” is also explored in this article, arguing that when the sitter is an imposing African American artist/performer/observer, the photographer—and by extension, the portrait’s audience—finds herself in the unique, deferential position of being in the sitter’s own metaphorical, critical purview.
Post-Post-Black?
Authors: Adusei-Poku Nana
Published: November 2016

The article “Post-Post-Black?” unfolds two aspects with which contemporary black artists and academics are confronted: the prevailing racism and stereotypes about the work by black artists and scholars, and the advanced scholarship and artistic practices that try to dispose discourses of identity in order to embrace more universal subjects. Two currently used terms that are applied to describe black artists—post-black and Afropolitan—are discussed from a perspective that questions their universal applicability and raises attention to the heterotemporal aspects of being black. Heterotemporal refers to the synchronicity of being black in the contemporary, which includes ideology, space, time, and history. This history is inescapable because, however advanced the scholarship may become, it has to connect to the context in which it is performed as well as embrace the fact that this paradox of prevailing racism and ignorance is one of the most challenging tasks for future black artists and academics.
Confessions of a Black Feminist Academic Pornographer
Authors: Miller-Young Mireille
Published: November 2016

This essay explores how black feminists working in the area of sexuality and visual culture necessarily face serious questions about what it means to present images of black women’s sexuality. Examining 1980s porn star Jeannie Pepper’s career, the author argues that black women’s representations in pornography reveal the complex politics of black women’s sexual politics and feminism, and the stakes of respectability and objectification. Looking at the ways in which Pepper understood her work, and her pride in her performances—including a 1986 tour of Europe that was captured for a Players Magazine photo spread—the author suggests that black porn stars often embrace a politics of illicit eroticism in which they mobilize black sexual subjectivity for their own ambitions and needs, pushing against the prevailing stigmas that render them illicit objects of desire.
Icons Brought Forward: Renee Cox’s Queen Nanny of the Maroons
Authors: Gant Kimberli
Published: November 2016

This essay explores the photographic series Queen Nanny of the Maroons (2004–5) by artist Renée Cox. In the series Cox appropriates the eighteenth-century Jamaican folk hero Queen Nanny, leader of the Windward Maroon community, and brings her into the present. Very little is known about the actual historical figure of Nanny, though the continued presence of the Maroon communities keeps her memories and legend alive to the Jamaican population. I argue that Cox uses her own body to give Nanny a visual presence, presenting her as a military strategist, warrior, and sexual female. This changes the public imaginary version of Nanny, who was thought to have been well into her sixties when she battled the British colonists. Cox’s depictions of Nanny in various staged tableaus draw attention to the multifaceted nature of this little-known female figure and remind viewers of the legacy of black women as soldiers and partners alongside men in the fight for racial freedom in centuries past and present.
James Barnor: Ever Young, Never Sleep
Authors: Mussai Renée
Published: November 2016

Born in 1929 in Accra, then the Gold Coast colony, James Barnor began his career in photography typically, as an apprentice in a colonial portrait studio of a relative, his cousin J. P. Dodoo. But in a unique career spanning more than six decades, bridging continents and photographic genres, Barnor would migrate into creating a singular portfolio of street and studio portraiture depicting societies in transition: images of a burgeoning sub-Saharan African nation moving toward independence and a European capital city becoming a multicultural metropolis. In the process, Barnor would become, uniquely perhaps, the only African studio photographer to leave the continent before 1960 to study and practice in Europe. Whether in Ghana or England, Barnor documented cultures in transformation, new identities coming into being—the fragmented experience of modernity and diaspora; the shaping of cosmopolitan societies and selves; and the changing representation of blackness, desire, and beauty across time and space. His archive thus not only constitutes a rare document of the black experience in postwar Britain during the Swinging Sixties, but also provides an important frame of reference, overlapping and suturing questions of the postcolonial in relation to diasporic perspectives in twentieth-century photography. Barnor’s remarkable portraits represent significant moments in African diasporic subject formation and the cosmopolitan self-fashioning that emerged in tandem with transcultural journeys through modernity and postcolonial worlds.
Bending History
Authors: Mengiste Maaza
Published: November 2016

This presentation examines one photograph taken in Ethiopia in 1937 and what it reveals to a novelist about the time in which it was taken and the people depicted. In 1935, Fascist Italy invaded Ethiopia with the intent to make it a colony. The war ended with an Italian victory in 1936, though Ethiopia was fully stabilized and Italy forced out in 1941. The author considers the questions one photograph might raise for a researcher writing a novel.
A New Republic: Kehinde Wiley
Authors: Cutler Jody B.
Published: November 2016

Since the turn of the new millennium, Kehinde Wiley (b. 1977), American celeb artist of the moment, has delivered a broadly appealing oeuvre to the center of the art world on a silver platter. Like other fans, a majority of art cognoscenti have been seduced by Wiley’s celebratory, formal portraits of self-styled young black men set against bright, patterned backdrops. Some, however, have been skeptical of not only the accessibility and somewhat pedagogical subject matter vis-à-vis the contemporary black male in life and representation, but also his retro photorealist technique and resultant flat style. The artist’s first retrospective offered a chance to consider these and other issues regarding form and content in his oeuvre thus far; this critique suggests that, while still developing, his pattern-heavy painting especially reveals commitment to exuberant opticality as well as topical visual commentary on race, which consciously crosses between high and popular culture and audiences.
Foxn4 promotes gene expression required for the formation of multiple motile cilia
Authors: Campbell Evan P. , Quigley Ian K. , Kintner Chris
Published: November 2016

Multiciliated cell (MCC) differentiation involves extensive organelle biogenesis required to extend hundreds of motile cilia. Key transcriptional regulators known to drive the gene expression required for this organelle biogenesis are activated by the related coiled-coil proteins Multicilin and Gemc1. Here we identify foxn4 as a new downstream target of Multicilin required for MCC differentiation in Xenopus skin. When Foxn4 activity is inhibited in Xenopus embryos, MCCs show transient ciliogenesis defects similar to those seen in mutants of Foxj1, a known key regulator of genes required for motile ciliation. RNAseq analysis indicates that Foxn4 co-activates some Foxj1 target genes strongly and many Foxj1 targets weakly. ChIPseq suggests that whereas Foxn4 and Foxj1 frequently bind to different targets at distal enhancers, they largely bind together at MCC gene promoters. Consistent with this co-regulation, cilia extension by MCCs is more severely compromised in foxn4 and foxj1 double mutants than in single mutants. In contrast to Foxj1, Foxn4 is not required to extend a single motile cilium by cells involved in left-right patterning. These results indicate that Foxn4 complements Foxj1 transcriptionally during MCC differentiation, thereby shaping the levels of gene expression required for the timely and complete biogenesis of multiple motile cilia.
Molecular dynamics of Dkk4 modulates Wnt action and regulates meibomian gland development
Authors: Sima Jian , Piao Yulan , Chen Yaohui , Schlessinger David
Published: November 2016

Secreted Dickkopf (Dkk) proteins are major Wnt pathway modulators during organ development. Dkk1 has been widely studied and acts as a general Wnt inhibitor. However, the molecular function of other Dkks remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Dkk4 selectively inhibits a subset of Wnts, but is further inactivated by proteolytic cleavage. Meibomian gland (MG) formation is employed as a model where Dkk4 and its Wnt targets are expressed. Skin-specific expression of Dkk4 arrests MG growth at early germ phase, which is similar to that observed in Eda-ablated Tabby mice. Consistent with transient Dkk4 action, intact Dkk4 inhibits MG extension but the cleaved form progressively increases during MG development with a concomitant upswing in Wnt activity. Furthermore, both Dkk4 and its receptor (and Wnt co-receptor) Lrp6 are direct Eda targets during MG induction. In cell and organotypic cultures, Dkk4 inhibition is eliminated by elevation of Lrp6. Also, Lrp6 upregulation restores MG formation in Tabby mice. Thus, the dynamic state of Dkk4 itself and its interaction with Lrp6 modulates Wnt function during MG development, with a novel limitation of Dkk4 action by proteolytic cleavage.
Antônio de Couros Carneiro: sociedade em Guerra nos Ilhéus, 1624-1673
Authors: De Carvalho Jocélio , Barros Rafael dos Santos
Published: November 2016

Antônio de Couros Carneiro, capitão-mor, governador da capitania de Ilhéus, cavaleiro da Ordem de Cristo e senhor de engenho de Cairu, participou ativamente na resistência à ocupação neerlandesa nas capitanias do norte do Brasil, realizou entradas no sertão, proveu bandeiras, administrou as farinhas que sustentaram a capital do Brasil, Recôncavo baiano e as armadas portuguesas da carreira da Índia. As fontes de meados do século XVII permitem visualizar uma complexa conjuntura econômica-política-religiosa articulada entre as vilas de baixo da capitania de Ilhéus, o governo geral em Salvador e a coroa portuguesa com suas demais conquistas ultramarinas.
Os precursores do jornalismo de celebridades e suas adjetivações: entre perfis, muckrakers, sob sisters e colunistas sociais
Authors: Pinto Maria Aparecida
Published: November 2016

O jornalismo de celebridades cativa públicos e reúne adjetivações pejorativas. O artigo objetiva construir uma perspectiva histórica deste modo de fazer notícias por meio da abordagem do jornalismo dos perfis, dos muckrakers, das sob sisters e dos colunistas sociais como precursores da especialidade. Adota-se metodologia fundamentada na revisão bibliográfica narrativa acerca dos modos de escrita que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da cultura profissional deste jornalismo. Observa-se que este é depreciado em processos que podem ser compreendidos no enraizamento histórico do fazer, que se associa à questão da celebridade, da percepção de fofoca e de consumo.
O Malleus Maleficarum e o pensamento inquisitorial: O Tribunal do Santo Ofício da Inquisição e suas conexões com o cotidiano e cultura de uma época (século XV)
Authors: Dos Anjos Crislayne Fátima
Published: November 2016

Esta proposta de discussão é fruto de pesquisas que tiveram por objetivo analisar a construção do imaginário do Diabo na sociedade católica europeia no século XV. As discussões aqui estabelecidas se concentrarão em uma análise sobre o funcionamento do Tribunal do Santo Oficio da Inquisição e por meio deste, interpretar aspectos expressivos da religiosidade, oficial e popular, que se desenvolveram na Europa neste período. Enfatizar o Malleus Maleficarum, identificando a importância da Inquisição para a compreensão das mentalidades, valores e comportamentos do mundo europeu.
Evidence of high genetic connectivity for the longnose spurdog Squalus blainville in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: KOUSTENI V. , KASAPIDIS P. , KOTOULAS G. , MEGALOFONOU P.
Published: November 2016

Squalus blainville is one of the least studied Mediterranean shark species. Despite being intensively fished in several locations, biological knowledge is limited and no genetic structure information is available. This is the first study to examine the genetic structure of S. blainville in the Mediterranean Sea. Considering the high dispersal potential inferred for other squalid sharks, the hypothesis of panmixia was tested based on a 585 bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene from 107 individuals and six nuclear microsatellite loci from 577 individuals. Samples were collected across the Ionian, Aegean and Libyan Seas and off the Balearic Islands. Twenty three additional sequences of Mediterranean and South African origin were retrieved from GenBank and included in the mitochondrial DNA analysis. The overall haplotype diversity was high, in contrast to the low nucleotide diversity. Low and non-significant pairwise ΦST and FST values along with a Bayesian cluster analysis suggested high connectivity with subsequent genetic homogeneity among the populations studied, and thus a high dispersal potential for S. blainville similar to other squalids. The historical demography of the species was also assessed, revealing a pattern of population expansion since the middle Pleistocene. These findings could be considered in species-specific conservation plans, although sampling over a larger spatial scale and more genetic markers are required to fully elucidate the genetic structure and dispersal potential of S. blainville.