bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Unemployment Risk Affect Business Cycle Dynamics?
Authors: Graves Sebastian
Published: September 2020

In this paper, I show that the decline in household consumption during unemployment spells depends on both liquid and illiquid asset positions. I also provide evidence that unemployment spells predict the withdrawal of illiquid assets, particularly when households have few liquid assets. Motivated by these findings, I embed endogenous unemployment risk in a two-asset heterogeneous-agent New Keynesian model. The model is consistent with the above evidence and provides a new propagation mechanism for aggregate shocks due to a flight-to-liquidity that occurs when unemployment risk rises. This mechanism implies that unemployment insurance plays an important role as an automatic stabilizer, particularly when monetary policy is constrained.
Intermediary Asset Pricing during the National Banking Era
Authors: Weiss Colin R.
Published: September 2020

Financial intermediary balance sheets matter for asset returns even when these intermediaries do not directly participate in the relevant asset markets. During the National Banking Era, liquidity conditions for the New York Clearinghouse (NYCH) banks forecast excess returns for stocks, bonds, and currencies. The NYCH banks had little to no direct participation in these markets; their main link to these markets was through securities financing. Liquidity conditions affect asset prices through the credit growth of the NYCH banks, which shapes marginal investors' discount rates. I use institutional features of this era to provide evidence in favor of this mechanism.
Investigation of Intergenerational Romantic Relationship Perception
Authors: Çelik Eyüp , Bingül Fatma , Kaya Mehmet
Published: September 2020

The aim of this research is to examine the perception of intergenerational romantic relationship. In this study, phenomenology method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, has been used. The sample of the study consists of 113 participants, 52 of whom are male and 61 are female. While 8 male, 4 female participants fill in the form face to face, 44 male, 57 female participant responses the answers online. Participants have been completed the answers to the research questions online. In the data analysis, inductive content analysis has been used. In the analysis of the research findings, it has been concluded that there are differences in the perception of the X, Y and Z generation participants in romantic relations by taking into account the gender and marital status variables.
Examining the Anxiety and Internet Addiction Levels of Divorced and Married Individuals
Authors: Taş Besra
Published: September 2020

This study aims to examine the anxiety and internet addiction levels of divorced and married individuals. In this study, a statistically significant difference was found between the anxiety and internet addiction levels of married and divorced individuals, where the divorced persons had higher levels of anxiety and internet addiction than the married ones. No statistically significant difference was found between the anxiety and internet addiction levels of divorced and married individuals by gender. However, a statistically significant difference was determined between the anxiety levels of married individuals with respect to gender, where the females had higher anxiety levels than the males. In addition, no statistically significant difference was found between the anxiety and internet addiction levels of divorced individuals with respect to status of having children, whereas the level of internet addiction in married individuals varied statistically significantly according to this variable. It was noteworthy that individuals without children had significantly higher levels of internet addiction than those with children.
Factors Influencing the Acquisition of Mandarin Chinese as a Second Additional Language Focusing on Phonetics
Authors: NEL Norma Margaret , KROG Soezin
Published: September 2020

Mandarin has been added to the list of second additional languages (SAL) that South African learners can choose from. The researchers proactively conducted research pertaining to SAL (Mandarin) since it is a dynamic phenomenon in South Africa. The research question was formulated as follows: Do factors such as 1) phonemic differences between learners’ mother tongue and Chinese, 2) learners’ cognitive styles and 3) learners’ abilities of singing and tone imitation, influence non-native learners of Mandarin (as a SAL) in South Africa to learn Chinese phonetics? We foresee that our findings will contribute to the learning and teaching of Mandarin (SAL) in South African schools. This article serves as the second in a series of three articles, as a mixed method (quan-qual) design was called for. Hypotheses were formulated and statistics presented to either accept/reject them. We gleaned the conclusions of the quantitative part of the research as a springboard and focused on the qualitative findings derived from interviews, observations and a literature review, which enabled us to identify and arrange the (quan-qual) data according to categories and themes. The quantitative data revealed that there was no significant correlation between learners’ learning preferences and Chinese phonetics performances; singing and tone imitation abilities contributed to initial consonant pronunciation and tone 3 pronunciation; learners with musical abilities performed better at reading the Pinyin phonics table; identified initial consonants, multi-vowels and whole syllables were challenging to read; tone 3 was the most challenging, tone 1 was the easiest and tones 2, 3 and 4 were mispronounced as tone 1. From the qualitative data two themes emerged, namely the challenges of learning and teaching Chinese phonetics, and aspects to consider when learning Chinese phonetics. Based on the integrated quan-qual findings, we were able to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on this topic.
Contestations of Transgender Rights and/in the Strasbourg Court
Authors: Vleuten Anna Van der
Published: September 2020

Transgender rights are a highly contested issue, upsetting the ‘normal’ ordering of society. In Europe, transgender persons continue to suffer discrimination and harassment, and their rights are contested time and again. Eventually they can turn to the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) in Strasbourg. In such politically sensitive matters, how do judges in Strasbourg decide? Do they set European norms bolstering transgender rights, or do they refrain from interference in state affairs? Testing expectations based on rational and sociological institutionalism, this article analyses all 33 Court cases on transgender issues since 1980. As a judge’s low score on trans rights in their home country does not mean that they vote against trans rights, and as judges do no defend their home country but vote with the ‘pro-state’ or ‘pro-trans’ majority, rationalist expectations were not confirmed. Sociological institutionalist processes of widening and narrowing tell us more about the hesitant and uneven strengthening of transgender rights, if within the limits of binary thinking as regards the transgender body, marriage and family.
The role of OCT angiography in a study of retinal perfusion after endovitreal intervention due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Authors: Fayzrakhmanov Rinat R. , Sukhanova Anna V. , Larina Evgenia A. , Pavlovsky Oleg A.
Published: September 2020

Annotation
Relevance: OCT angiography is a non-invasive method of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the retinal perfusion. After rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and vitrectomy with endotamponade the retinal perfusion changes.
Aim: To analyze the data from clinical studies that evaluate changes in blood microcirculation of the retina and choroid, visual acuity effects after vitrectomy with endotamponade due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment by OCTA
Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase until April 2020.
Results and conclusions: This literature review describes modern ideas about the structure of the normal retinal vascular plexuses, analyzes the results of clinical studies that evaluate retinal perfusion changes after vitrectomy due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment according to OCTA.
erials and methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase until April 2020.
Results and conclusions: This literature review describes modern ideas about the structure of the normal retinal vascular plexuses, analyzes the results of clinical studies that evaluate retinal perfusion changes after vitrectomy due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment according to OCTA.
Periorbital necrotizing fasciitis in a case of lid and conjunctival amyloidosis
Authors: Das Anamika D. , Gore Aalok S. , Vasava Indravadan G. , Yadav Anurag S.
Published: September 2020

Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe, progressive, rapidly spreading infection of the subcutaneous soft tissue and underlying fascia. Periorbital necrotizing fasciitis is rare owing to the excellent blood supply of the area. Ocular amyloidosis is relatively uncommon- that of the eyelid is typically associated with systemic associations whereas amyloidosis of the conjunctiva is often localised with no other associations. Authors report a case of a 40-year-old female with a 4-year history of eyelid and conjunctival amyloidosis who presented with necrotic ulcers and eschars in the upper and lower lid with purulent discharge, conjunctival mass and a dry looking cornea in the left eye. She was a known case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on treatment in the last 2 years. The presentation, investigations and management are described.
Research on "Double Coordinates" Talent Cultivation Model of Mechanical Majors in Local Normal Universities Based on OBE Concept——Take Mechanical Design and Manufacturing and Automation as an Example
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqi , Ding Song , Zhang Lin
Published: September 2020

OBE concept and engineering education concept coincide in many ways. Taking the mechanical design and manufacturing and automation majors of the Engineering College of Changchun Normal University as an example, focusing on professional characteristics, enterprise development needs and student development needs, construct a “dual coordinate” talent training model based on the OBE concept. On this basis, it is a local normal university. Provide reference suggestions for mechanical professional development.
Financial Risk Management and the Avoidance Strategy in Corporate Financial Projects
Authors: Liu Yuxuan
Published: September 2020

With the rapid development of social economy, enterprises enter into an era with best opportunities for development, and are facing with great challenges at the same time. Especially in the current situation, it is important for enterprises to make careful decisions to avoid financial risks when carrying out financial projects. Based on this, this article, starting with the financial risks in corporate financial projects, scientifically divides financial risks into different types and puts forward specific strategies to avoid risks for reference.
Reform of the State-Owned Enterprise System under the Innovative Modern Enterprise System
Authors: Qu Chao
Published: September 2020

State-owned enterprises, as the pillar industries of the current national economy, have an important impact on the development of the market economy. Under the current new economic situation, it is of great significance to reform state-owned enterprises and build a market economy in the socialist system. Carrying out the reform of state-owned enterprises is an important task of the current social and economic system reform, which is a prerequisite for ensuring the long-term stability of the country and the stable development of society. In the more than 20 years of the reform of state-owned enterprises in China, the management system and operating mechanism of state-owned enterprises have been changing, and they are developing in the direction of the reform of the socialist market economic system. In the process of the reform of state-owned enterprises, there have also been some changes and new problems. In this regard, it is necessary to deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and promote the development of enterprises. This article studies the necessity of corporate system reform and analyzes the ideas and countermeasures of corporate system reform of state-owned enterprises under the modern enterprise system.
PARÁMETROS RELEVANTES DE LA CURVA ESFUERZO-DEFORMACIÓN EN COMPRESIÓN DE CONCRETOS NO CONFINADOS PRODUCIDOS EN MÉXICO
Authors: Rodelo Ramón , Rodríguez Mario E , Restrepo José
Published: September 2020

Las Normas Técnicas Complementarias para Diseño por Sismo para la Ciudad de México especifica por primera vez, métodos de análisis sísmico no lineal de estructuras, para los cuales es necesario conocer, entre otros, los parámetros que definen la curva-esfuerzo-deformación en compresión del concreto sin confinar. En esta investigación se llevaron a cabo estudios analíticos y experimentales de concretos producidos recientemente en México. Con base en los resultados encontrados se dan recomendaciones para estimar parámetros que definen de manera importante la curva esfuerzo-deformación del concreto sin confinar. Los estudios experimentales de los especímenes de concreto se realizaron en el Instituto de Ingeniería de la UNAM, aplicando ciclos de carga en compresión de acuerdo con las normas ASTM y NMX correspondientes y tomando como resultado un promedio de las muestras ensayadas. Se proponen expresiones para obtener el módulo de elasticidad del concreto, Ec, parámetro que es relevante en el cómputo de desplazamientos laterales de estructuras en zonas sísmicas, así como en el cómputo de los periodos de vibrar de una estructura en estas zonas. También en esta investigación se dan expresiones para obtener valores de parámetros importantes de la curva esfuerzo-deformación del concreto no confinado en compresión, los cuales se emplean en el modelado de articulaciones plásticas para el análisis no lineal. Estos parámetros son la relación de Ec y el módulo secante, Esec, Ec/Esec y la deformación del concreto en f’c, e’c. Con base en los resultados de estos ensayes se dan recomendaciones para la estimación de estos parámetros para concretos producidos recientemente en México.
Implementasi Classical Conditioning dalam Pembelajaran PAI
Authors: Baharuddin Baharuddin
Published: September 2020

SMAN 1 Teladan Yogyakarta in learning Islamic religious education uses behavioristic theory known as classical conditioning. This study aims to determine the implementation of classical conditioning in the learning of Islamic religious education at SMAN 1 Teladan Yogyakarta and the factors that influence it. This study supports qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection is done by using observation and interview methods. The results of the study showed that the application of classical conditioning in PAI learning was carried out through several stages, namely (1) making the classroom atmosphere comfortable. The stages carried out are giving freedom to students in expressing opinions during discussions, tucking in intermezo in the explanation of the material, occasionally using English in the explanation of the material, and the use of LCD in learning. (2) assigning tasks is continuous. Assignments given in the form of group discussions and cult. Students perform a cult when the teacher prepares teaching material. In addition the stimulus makes students become active in learning. The factors that influence it are the teacher's factor, the teacher has the ability to understand student psychology so that he understands the theory or the right method to use. Student factors, students have a sense of responsibility for the tasks given, and the attitude of complementarity in the cult task. Institutional factors, institutions or schools that support in terms of vision and mission and school policies.
Variation Of Andrographolite Conten From Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness) Which Grow In Various Regions
Authors: JOKOPRIYAMBODO WAHYU
Published: September 2020

Sambiloto is used as a hepatoprotector, enhancing the immune system, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiomalaria, antidiarrheal and many more. One of the main ingredients of the bitter plant is andrographolite. This plant is widely spread throughout Indonesia ranging from lowlands to high plains with various types of soil and altitude. The existence of this fairly wide distribution can give effect to the content of andrographolite, so that in this study will be studied about variations in andrographolite levels source  from various regions. The results of this study will be used as a quality reference for treatment based on andrographolite. Samples of bitter plants are taken from various regions. Furthermore, parts of plants that are above the ground are separated between leaves, twigs and stems. All samples were dried in an oven at 60 degrees Celsius. Pollinated samples were then sieved. Samples were extracted with ethanol overnight and then analyzed their andrographolite levels with TLC-densitometry.The results of the analysis of andrographolite levels showed that bitter from various regions have different levels. Tthe organs of plants also show different levels of andrographolite as well. Part of the leaf organ is the part that contains the most andrographolite.
Aktivitas Perdagangan dan Perkembangan Islam Pada Masa Sriwijaya Pada Abad VII-IX Masehi
Authors: Berkah Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Perdangangan adalah salah satu bentuk interaksi sosial yang menjadi awal muara terbentuknya sistem ekonomi suatu Negeri. “ Aktivitas Perdagangan dan Perkembangan Islam Pada Masa Sriwijaya” adalah salah satu topik yang melatar belakangi penelitian ini, Sriwijaya menjadi pengendali jalur perdagangan antara India, Tiongkok dan Arab, yakni dengan penguasaan atas Selat Malaka dan Selat Sunda. Orang Arab mencatat bahwa Sriwijaya memiliki aneka komoditas seperti kapur barus, kayu gaharu, cengkeh, pala, kapulaga, gading, emas, dan timah, yang membuat raja Sriwijaya sekaya raja-raja di India. Kekayaan yang melimpah ini telah memungkinkan Sriwijaya membeli kesetiaan dari vassal-vassal-nya di seluruh Asia Tenggara. Dengan berperan sebagai entreport atau pelabuhan utama di Asia Tenggara, dengan mendapatkan restu, persetujuan, dan perlindungan dari Kaisar China untuk dapat berdagang dengan Tiongkok, Sriwijaya senantiasa mengelola jejaring perdagangan bahari dan menguasi urat nadi pelayaran antara Tiongkok dan India.

Snouch Hurgronje dalam teorinya” Islam itu masuk di bumi Nusantara melalui sistem perdagangan” tak ayal lagi bila perdagangan yang ada saat itu di Sriwijaya menjadi awal masuknya Islam dan berkembang sangat pesat khususnya di pesisir pantai Sumatera. Adanya pengakuan kedaulatan atas Sriwijaya dari Bani Umayyah pada zaman Umar Bin Abdul Aziz juga menjadi pembuka adanya interaksi dagang dan hadirnya Islam di Sriwijaya, inilah yang semakin membuat Islam dan perdagangan jadi sebuah dimensi yang bergerak linier hingga mencapai puncak kejayaan keduanya.

Kata Kunci: Perdangangan, Perkembangan Islam dan Sriwijaya.
Kisah-Kisah dalam Kitab Taj al-Salatin dan Siyasatname: Kajian Komparatif
Authors: Zulyeno Bastian
Published: September 2020

As a legacy of intellectual works in Malay and Persian literature Taj al-Salatin and Siyasatname are two major works full of wisdom and courtesy reviews. Two books are equally written by the king's closest people and also presented to the King for the sake of achieving a harmonious life between the King and the people. Siyasatname was written by Nizam al Mulk (1018-109 AD) and presented to the king Alp Arselan and Malik Shah (1072-1092 AD) two kings of the Seljuq dynasty, while Taj al-Salatin was written by Bukhari al Jauhari in Aceh (1603 AD) and presented to Sultan Alauddin Riayyat Syah (1589-1603 AD). In the Persian literature the Siyasatname Book got a very important position because this book became a reference for how the King and his aides should manage and manage the kingdom. Likewise with Taj al-Salatin this book reminds the head of government in this case the king and his aides how to become the ideal official figure. This paper will compare the two books of Siyasatname and Taj al-Salatin with structuralist methods. The object of comparison in this paper is only the same story in the two works.

Keywords: Taj al-Salatin, Syasatname, Persian, Malay, story.

Sebagai peninggalan karya intlektual dalam kesusasteaan Melayu dan Persia Taj al-Salatin dan Siyasatname adalah dua karya besar yang penuh dengan ulasan hikmah dan adab. Dua buku yang sama-sama ditulis oleh orang terdekat raja dan dipersembahkan kepada Raja pula demi tercapainya  kehidupan yang harmonis antara Raja dan rakyat. Siyasatname ditulis oleh Nizam al Mulk (1018–109 M.) dan dipersembahkan kepad raja Alp Arselan dan Malik Shah (1072-1092 M.) dua raja dari dinasti Saljuk, sedangkan Taj al-Salatin ditulis oleh Bukhari al Jauhari di Aceh (1603 M) dan dipesembahkan kepada Sultan Alauddin Riayyat Syah (1589-1603 M). Dalam kesusasteraan Persia Kitab Siyasatname mendapat posisi yang sangat penting karena buku ini banyak menjadi rujukan tentang bagaimana seharusnya Raja dan para pembantunya mengurus dan mengelola kerajaan. Begitu juga dengan Taj al-Salatin buku ini mengingatkan kepada kepala pemerintahan dalam hal ini raja dan pembantu-pembantunya bagaimana menjadi sosok pejabat yang ideal. Makalah ini akan membandingkan dua kitab Siyasatname dan Taj al-Salatin dengan metetode strukturalis. Objek perbandingan dalam makalah ini hanya pada kisah yang sama dalam dua karya tersebut.

Kata kunci: Taj al-Salatin, Syasatname, Persia, Melayu, cerita.
Notas sobre “Cálice” (2010, 1973, 1978, 2011)
Authors: Garcia Walter
Published: September 2020

O artigo tem por objetivo discutir a forma artística e a atuação mercadológica da canção “Cálice” (Gilberto Gil/ Chico Buarque), em 1973 e em 1978, do vídeo Criolo Doido – Cálice, de 2010, e da canção “Rap de Cálice” (Chico Buarque), de 2011. Na perspectiva que se adota, a noção de forma se refere tanto à análise dos elementos que estruturam determinada obra quanto à interpretação do sentido de tal estrutura à luz do processo histórico brasileiro. Assim, recursos musicais e poéticos de “Cálice”, Criolo Doido – Cálice e “Rap de Cálice”, bem como as relações entre esses recursos e alguns aspectos fundamentais das atuações de Chico Buarque, Gilberto Gil, Milton Nascimento e Criolo no mercado, são interpretados à luz do processo histórico brasileiro na década de 1970 e na atualidade.
PROFIL PENGETAHUAN ORANG TUA TERKAIT PENYAKIT CACINGAN DAN PROGRAM DEWORMING SERTA PERILAKU BERISIKO TERKENA CACINGAN PADA ANAK
Authors: Yurika Ella , A. S. Ade Prima , Fauziah Nur , Z.C Arianti , Farhan N Naufal , Natasia L Irene , Ayu M. Dinda , Eldytananda Diona , Ervianoer M Fiqi , Dewi A Alvina , Darojatul F Rufiatid , Nugraheni Gesnita
Published: September 2020

Angka cacingan pada anak usia 1-12 tahun di Surabaya masih terhitung banyak walaupun program Pemberian Obat Pencegahan secara Massal (POPM) telah dilaksanakan. Penyakit ini banyak ditemukan di daerah yang padat penduduk dengan warga yang pengetahuannya kurang dalam perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Penelitian dilaksanakan untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan tentang cacingan dan program POPM serta perilaku berkaitan dengan faktor risiko cacingan. Penelitian ini merupakan cross-sectional study dengan survei menggunakan Interviewer-administered questionnaire pada penduduk yang memiliki anak berusia 1-12 tahun dan menetap di Kecamatan Sawahan, Kota Surabaya lebih dari tiga bulan dengan metode pengambilan data accidental sampling. Hasil survei dari 102 responden menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan responden masih kurang dalam aspek mengenali gejala cacingan. Data hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perilaku berisiko yang dilakukan oleh anak responden seperti tidak menggunakan alas kaki dan bermain di tanah sebanyak 34 (33,3%) dan 31 (30,4%) responden. Hasil Analisis Pearson Correlation menggunakan SPSS versi 22 menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif lemah antara pengetahuan dan perilaku menghindari cacingan (r = 0,199; signifikansi = 0,044). Pengetahuan responden mengenai program deworming atau POPM cukup rendah dengan hanya 34 (33,6%)responden yang mengetahuinya. Peningkatan pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat di daerah tersebut diperlukan agar angka infeksi cacingan pada anak dapat berkurang, salah satunya dengan penyuluhan dan pelatihan untuk hidup bersih dan sehat.
IDENTIFIKASI PENGETAHUAN DAN PERSEPSI TENTANG KONTRASEPSI PADA GENERASI Z DI SURABAYA
Authors: Firdaus Favian Rafif , Naima Fathnin Ulya , Santika Wahyu , Marhaeny Honey Dzikri , Pertiwi Eka , Anggraeni Nindya Sofia , Puspita Belinda Handi , Firmansyah Hans Alif , Hanif Haniah , Syahrani Septiana , Wongso Luke , Utami Wahyu
Published: September 2020

Program Keluarga Berencana  (KB) yang dimulai sejak tahun 1970-an memberikan dampak positif untuk pengendalian jumlah penduduk di Indonesia. Jumlah penduduk yang banyak menyebabkan berbagai masalah seperti tingginya angka pengangguran, meningkatnya angka kemiskinan dan kriminalitas. Di era milenial meskipun tidak sepopular dahulu, pengenalan program KB, terutama terkait kontrasepsi, masih diperlukan hingga saat ini. Untuk keamanan dan efektivitas dari penggunaan kontrasepsi tentu diperlukan penjelasan yang cukup dan tepat sasaran. Di era sekarang ini terjadi perubahan pola pemberian informasi, baik dari sisi medianya maupun caranya. Tantangan era milenial adalah pesatnya perkembangan teknologi sehingga semua orang dapat dengan mudah mengakses informasi, tidak terkecuali tentang kontrasepsi. Kelompok masyarakat yang paling terpengaruh dengan perkembangan ini adalah generasi Z selanjutnya disebut GenZ. Oleh karena itu survei ditujukan kepada GenZ di wilayah Surabaya untuk mengetahui persepsi yang dimiliki terkait kontrasepsi serta menentukan strategi yang tepat bagi apoteker muda dalam memberikan informasi yang tepat di masa mendatang. Hasil survei dari 106 responden menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar GenZ menyatakan telah mengenal istilah kontrasepsi. Mayoritas jawaban responden (21,9%) menyatakan bahwa media sosial merupakan sarana untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang kontrasepsi. Selain media sosial, berturut-turut sarana yang menjadi sumber informasi responden terkait kontrasepsi adalah guru (19,8%), teman (15,6%), media elektronik (14,3%), dan tenaga kesehatan (10,5%).
The Effect of DHF Education on DHF Prevention Knowledge of 5th and 6th Grade Students of SDN Purwotengah II Mojokerto
Authors: Laily Fernanda Irfatul , Rossyanti Lynda , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Cases of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are still one of the public health diseases that are widespread in the world including tropical and subtropical regions in Indonesia. One of the factors that influence DHF is prevention of DHF education for elementary school students considering the incidence of DHF is fluctuating and has the potential to attack children.Methods: A pre-experimental, with one group pre and post-test design. The sample of this research were 5th and 6th grade students of SDN Purwotengah II Mojokerto. There were 55 respondents with total sampling technique. Data collection was done by giving questionnaires at pretest, post-test 1, and post-test 2 after two days of education. Data analysis used Friedman test, followed by Wilcoxon test to find out different locations.Results: Based on Friedman test on pretest, post-test 1, and posttest 2 after two days of education, p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Followed by Wilcoxon test at pretest with post-test 1, p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05) and on post-test 1 with post-test 2 after two days of education, p value = 0.164 (p > 0.05)Conclusion: There was an effect of education on the knowledge of pretest, post-test 1 and post-test 2 after two days of education for students. The effect of education on the knowledge of pretest and post-test 1 contained differences in significance, while the effect of education on post-test 1 and post-test 2 after two days of education contained no difference in significance.
Women’s subordination in premarital pregnancy
Authors: Chandra Ni Made Tantri , Susanti Emy , Kinuthia Karen Mwende
Published: September 2020

The presence of patriarchal culture can be found in most regions of Indonesia, including Bali. The patriarchal culture in Bali tends to be more rigid because of the Balinese belief that any offspring, especially men, will not only continue the responsibilities of the parents in terms of the social life of the community; however, they also expected to carry out the ceremonies of death for their parents. They are trusted to help their parents reach the creator easily. The Balinese culture has been dominated by patriarchy for a long time and has continued developing to this day. Patriarchal power is increasingly persistent when it comes to power in Bali. As a result, women in Bali are still considered subordinate creatures under the patriarchy’s control and bondage. The phenomenon of premarital pregnancy in Bali is a reflection of the new way that men dominate women. The approach used in this study is Michel Foucault’s theory of power. The method used was qualitative research with in-depth interviews with 18 informants who were native Balinese. This research was conducted in Denpasar, Singaraja, and Badung City. The results of this study found that the social reality of premarital pregnancy in the urban areas of Bali’s Island is inseparable from the influence of the social discourse behind the apparent reality. The discourse then obtains the legitimacy of truth from the family and produces new knowledge to believe the truth. In this social reality, premarital pregnancy has made Balinese women significantly disadvantaged and increasingly subordinated.
The desire of power: Candidate ambiguity and incumbent monopoly in local leaders’ election
Authors: Damanik Erond L.
Published: September 2020

This study explores and discusses the phenomenon of a single candidate in the local leaders’ election or Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2018. The study is motivated by the phenomenon of a single candidate in the local leaders’ election. In Deli Serdang, the local leaders’ election should have a multi-candidate pattern, either independent or 3-4 political party candidates. This study has focused on the mechanism of the emergence of a single candidate. According to Dahl, the theoretical approach is the candidacy mechanism, and according to Norris, the significance of the right to vote. The study was conducted qualitatively with an ongoing explorative, independent, and case-oriented study approach. The data collected through in-depth interviews with nine key informants consisting of the Political Party Branch Management Board or Dewan Pimpinan Cabang (DPC), the General Elections Commission or Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU), the Election Supervisory Committee or Panitia Pengawas Pemilihan (Panwaslih), independent, failed, and incumbent candidates. The sixteen secondary informants consisted of eight voting behaviors and eight non-voting behaviors randomly selected and interviewed to determine their perception of a single candidate. The study found that a single candidate is the logical consequence of ambiguity in an internal political party candidacy. The study’s novelty is the exclusion of incumbent ruling candidates incentivizing a political party monopoly to ensure victory in contestation. The study concluded that the dysfunction of the candidacy and exclusion in power has implications for a single candidate in the local leaders’ election. Contestation with a single candidate’s presence is an uncontested election, and it is contrary to the theoretical paradigm referred to in this study.
Modeling grape quality by multivariate analysis of viticulture practices, soil and climate
Authors: Beauchet Sandra , Cariou Véronique , Renaud-Gentie Christel , Meunier Michel , Siret René , Thiollet-Scholtus Marie , Jourjon Frédérique
Published: September 2020

Aims. The present study aims to model grape quality criteria by combining a large number of viticultural practices and soil and climate variables related to the main determinants.Methods and results. A database has been developed using the Chenin Blanc grape variety in a Protected Designation of Origin. A statistical model, namely a Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, has been determined for each grape quality criterion (sugar content, total acidity, malic acid, tartaric acid, available nitrogen, pH and bunch rot). This statistical analysis identifies the main viticultural practices and soil and climate variables related to the grape quality at harvest. The results highlight relationships between the length of vine pruning and pH and malic acid but even more significant relationships with tartaric acid, available nitrogen and bunch rot.Conclusion. The models point out the most relevant viticultural practices and soil and climate variables for the explanation of each grape quality criterion studied.Significance and impact of the study. The results provide a better understanding of the major variables that influence grape quality.
Memories of war and problems of forming defence consciousness by means of book business
Authors: Lyutov S. N.
Published: September 2020

Actuality and significance of problems of forming social consciousness with its necessary defence component are conditioned by unremitting tension of inter-state relations, transiting into a certain degree of war confrontation. Experience of all wars testifies to the fact that all victories in war hostility are achieved not only by rivalry of military potentials and generals’ skills but also by firmness of spiritual bases and people moral strengths. War history many times has proved patriotic incite and the society unity to be important factors influencing the course and the result of wars. Since the moment of writing invention, oral traditions began to be supplemented by document evidences of war history and invention of book printing not only has widened possibilities of memorable history events’ data circulation but also has transformed the printed word into effective means of information hostility of struggling sides. This article aim is to actualize problems, connected with transformations of war memories, and using book for to preserve it and form a defence component of public consciousness. Historical and book-study analysis of military publishing practice of the XVII–XX centuries proves the tradition of describing war history not only for to study battle experience by military specialists but also for to consolidate the tragedy and lessons of war in public consciousness. Memories of war cannot be similar for winners and losers, and that produces different evaluations of war events and their relevant reflection on pages of fundamental militaryhistorical works and memoirs. Comparison of different memorialists’ viewpoints confirms memory variability, but permits the researchers to approach evaluations that are more objective. To observe the 75-th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 by carrying out the Year of memory and glory in Russia has become a new impulse for turning to historical memory and research of poorly studied problems. This war experience contains actual lessons of book usage as an important means of forming defence consciousness in the pre-war period and its reconstruction in the years of war.
Foodborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Is More Evident Than It Has Been Before
Authors: Aboubakr Hamada , Goyal Sagar
Published: September 2020

Background:Although highly strict social distancing and viral spread protection guidelines are in force, the reported numbers of COVID-19 cases across the world are still increasing. This indicates that we are still unable to completely understand the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2. One of the possible routes that can play a significant role is the fecal-oral transmission since SARS-CoV-2 can replicate in the intestines as demonstrated by isolation of infectious virus from fecal samples of COVID-19 cases. Scope and approach:In this review, we compare the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 with the distinctive characteristics of enteric foodborne viruses. We also discuss and respond to the arguments given in some reports that downplay the importance of foodborne transmission route of SARS-CoV-2. Key findings and conclusions:Enteric viruses such as human noroviruses (HuNoVs) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are known to transmit through foods such as fresh produce and berries, leading to frequent multistate foodborne disease outbreaks all over the world. SARS-CoV-2 was found to share four distinctive characteristics of foodborne viruses that allow them to transmit through foods. This similarity in characteristics, recent report of detecting SARS-CoV-2 particles from frozen food packages in China, and recent suspected foodborne COVID-19 case in New Zealand, indicate that foodborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is more evident than previously thought possible. To support or deny this route of transmission, urgent research needs to be undertaken to answer two primary questions and many secondary ones as described in this review.
Forecasting with Importance-Sampling and Path-Integrals
Authors: Ingber Lester
Published: September 2020

Background: Forecasting nonlinear stochastic systems most often is quite difficult, without giving in to temptations to simply simplify models for the sake of permitting simple computations. Objective: Here, two basic algorithms, Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) and path-integral codes PATHINT/PATHTREE (and their quantum generalizations qPATHINT/qPATHTREE) are described as being useful to detail such systems. Method: ASA and PATHINT/PATHTREE have been demonstrated as being effective to forecast properties in three disparate disciplines in neuroscience, financial markets, and combat analysis. Results: Not only can selected systems in these three disciplines be aptly modeled, but results of detailed calculations have led to new results and insights not previously obtained. Conclusion: While optimization and path-integral algorithms are now quite well-known (at least to many scientists), these applications give strong support to a quite generic application of these tools to stochastic nonlinear systems.
Floristic Study of Karnaphuli Range in Kaptai Reserve Forest, Rangamati, Bangladesh
Authors: Abdullah Md. RIshad , Sarwar AKM Golam , Ashrafuzzaman Md. , Rahman Md. Mustafizur
Published: September 2020

A botnical survey was conducted in Kaptai reserve forests under Rangamati district in Bangladesh to study the flora of Karnaphuli range from May 2015 to October 2018. The survey was accompanied by a collection of voucher specimens enumerates 464 plant species belonging to 334 genera under 117 families from the forest range. The survey has confirmed 31 threatened forest species from this area along with many near threatened plant species.
Neglect of Legal Statute Influence on Health Outcomes in Studies about Human Cannabis Use
Authors: Moulin Thiago , Alves José Airton , Menezes João
Published: September 2020

Background: Most modern studies about human marijuana use have been made under a set of arbitrary cultural standards and policies not related to drug harm potential, loosely called Prohibition. Here we asked if potential health hazards generated by Prohibition are addressed in research design and analysis. Methods: For this, we have searched PubMed database (from inception to December 2017) for citations of prevalent contaminants of illegal street cannabis: fungi and pesticides. In addition, we performed full text evaluation of 23 studies selected from, and including, 2 meta-analysis reviews investigating potential health hazards from cannabis use. Results: Different combinations of the keywords cannabis, prohibition, pesticides, fungi, contaminants, cancer, schizophrenia, psychosis, show that these words coincide in less than 1% of the cannabis human studies within the database. In the scope of 141 abstracts in which the terms, cannabis and pesticides coincide, none is directed to distinguish cannabis and pesticide adverse effects on CNS. A similar picture emerges when fungi is the paired word. Full text evaluation shows that all but one of the studies analyzed, completely neglect or comment on the nature of cannabis source, legal status, or contamination as a confounding factor. Discussion: Our results show a potential bias on scientific investigation that may affect data reliability in informing about the health hazards of cannabis use. This finding suggests that other aspects of the Prohibition environment may also go unacknowledged. Conclusion: Prohibition related health risks usually go unacknowledged and unaccounted for in biomedical research on Cannabis.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Bio Organ for Treatment of Female Infertility
Authors: Esfandyari Sahar , Chugh Rishi Man , Park Hang-Soo , Hobeika Elie , Ulin Mara , Al-Hendy Ayman
Published: September 2020

Female infertility is a global medical condition that can be caused by various disorders of the reproductive system, including premature ovarian failure (POF), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, Asherman syndrome, and preeclampsia. It affects the quality of life of both patients and couples. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received increasing attention as a potential cell-based therapy with several advantages over other cell sources, including greater abundance, fewer ethical considerations, and high capacity for self-renewal and differentiation. Clinical researchers have examined the therapeutic use of MSCs in female infertility. In this review, we discuss recent studies on the use of MSCs in various reproductive disorders that lead to infertility. We also describe the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and exosomal miRNAs in controlling MSC gene expression and driving MSC therapeutic outcomes. The clinical application of MSCs holds great promise for the treatment of infertility or ovarian insufficiency and to improve reproductive health for a significant number of women worldwide.
Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli and Sequence Type 131 in Fecal Colonization in Dogs in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Jenn-Wei , Huang Han Hsiang , Chang Szu-Min , Scaria Joy , Chiu Yu-Lung , Chen Chih-Ming , Ko Wen-Chien , Wang Jiun-Ling
Published: September 2020

Background: Most drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in dogs come from diseased dogs. Prior to this study, the prevalence and risk factors of fecal carriage drug-resistant E. coli and epidemic clone sequence type (ST) 131 (including subtypes) isolates in dogs were unknown. Methods: Rectal swabs were used for E. coli isolation from 299 dogs in a veterinary teaching hospital in Taiwan. Antibiotic resistance and multiplex PCR analyses of E. coli for major STs were performed. Result: There were 43.1% cefazolin-resistant, 22.1% fluoroquinolone-resistant, and 9.4% extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli in our cohort. In the phylogenetic study, B2 was the predominant group (30.1%). The cefazolin-resistant group and ciprofloxacin-resistant group had greater antibiotic exposure in the last 14 days (P < 0.05). The age, sex, and dietary habits of the antibiotic-resistant and -susceptible groups were similar. In the seven isolates of ST131 in fecal colonization, the most predominant subtypes were FimH41 and FimH22. Conclusion: Recent antibiotic exposure was related to the fecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates. Three major subtypes (FimH41, H22, and H30) of ST131 can thus be found in fecal carriage in dogs in Taiwan.
Prevalence and Multidimensional Risk Factors of Physical Frailty in Korean Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
Authors: Jung Heeeun , Kim Miji , Lee Yunhwan , Won Chang Won
Published: September 2020

Frailty is defined as a state of increased vulnerability to stressors, and it predicts the disability and mortality in the older population. This study aimed to investigate standardized prevalence and multidimensional risk factors associated with frailty among the Korean community-dwelling older adults. We analyzed the baseline data of 2,907 adults aged 70–84 years (mean age 75.8±3.9 years, 57.8% women) in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The Fried frailty phenotype was used to define frailty. Analyzed data included sociodemographic, physical, physical function, biological, lifestyle, health condition, medical condition, psychological, and social domains. Data were standardized using the national standard population composition ratio based on the Korean Population and Housing Census. The standardized prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty was 7.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.8–8.9%) and 57.2% (95% CI 45.1–48.8%), respectively. The following 14 risk factors had a significant association with frailty: at risk of malnutrition, sarcopenia, severe mobility limitation, poor social capital, rural dwellers, depressive, poor self-perceived health, polypharmacy, elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, elevated glycosylated hemoglobin, low 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, longer timed up and go, and low short physical performance battery score (p<0.05). Physico-nutritional, psychological, sociodemographic, and medical factors are strongly associated with frailty.
Entropic Ranks: A Methodology for Enhanced, Threshold-Free, Information-Rich Data Partition and Interpretation
Authors: de Lastic Hector - Xavier , Liampa Irene , Georgakilas Alexandros G. , Zervakis Michalis , Chatziioannou Aristotelis
Published: September 2020

Background: Traditional omic analysis relies on p-value and fold change as selection criteria. There is an ongoing debate on their effectiveness in delivering systemic and robust interpretation, due to their dependence on assumptions of conformity with various parametric distributions.Here, we propose a threshold-free selection method based on robust, non-parametric statistics, ensuring independence from the statistical distribution properties and broad applicability. Such methods could adapt to different initial data distributions, contrary to statistical techniques based on fixed thresholds. Methods: Our work extends the Rank Products methodology with a neutral selection method of high information-extraction capacity. We introduce the calculation of the RP distribution’s entropy to isolate the features of interest by their contribution to the distribution’s information content. The aim is a methodology performing threshold-free identification of the differentially expressed features, which are highly informative about the phenomenon under scrutiny. Conclusions: Applying the proposed method on microarray (transcriptomic and DNA methylation) and RNAseq count data of varying sizes and noise presence, we observe robust convergence for the different parameterisations to stable cutoff points. Functional analysis through BioInfoMiner and EnrichR was used to evaluate the information potency of the resulting feature lists. Overall, the derived functional terms provide a systemic description highly compatible with the results of traditional statistical hypothesis testing techniques. The methodology behaves consistently across different data types. The feature lists are compact and information-rich, indicating phenotypic aspects specific to the tissue and biological phenomenon i nvestigated. Selection by information content measures efficiently addresses problems, emerging from arbitrary thresholding, thus facilitating the full automation of the analysis.