bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elite Cues and the Rapid Decline in Trust in Science Agencies on COVID-19
Authors: Hamilton Lawrence C. , Safford Thomas G.
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has been marked by political divisions in U.S. public trust of scientists. Such divisions are well known on other topics, but regarding COVID-19 they arose suddenly, with disastrous results. Distrust of scientists elsewhere has been variously explained in terms of belief systems, cognitive factors, peer influences, or elite cues. Three surveys conducted from March to July 2020 in the state of New Hampshire observed rapid change, providing a test of explanations in this case. Trust in science agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) fell dramatically among Republicans, while views among Democrats and Independents changed little; the Democrat–Republican gap grew from 10 to 64 points. This rapid change coincided with a reversal of views toward the CDC expressed by President Donald Trump and amplified by conservative media. People expressing lower trust in scientists also report less compliance with science-based behavioral recommendations and less support for scientifically informed policies.
Comparing Ventilation Parameters for COVID-19 Patients Using Both Long-Term ICU and Anesthetic Ventilators in Times of Shortage
Authors: Dijkman Wouter M. , van Acht Niels M. C. , van Akkeren Jesse P. , Bhagwanbali Rhasna C. D. , van Pul Carola
Published: June 2021

In the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, many patients were treated in hospitals using mechanical ventilation. However, due to a shortage of ICU ventilators, hospitals worldwide needed to deploy anesthesia machines for ICU ventilation (which is off-label use). A joint guidance was written to apply anesthesia machines for long-term ventilation. The goal of this research is to retrospectively evaluate the differences in measurable ventilation parameters between the ICU ventilator and the anesthesia machine as used for COVID-19 patients. In this study, we included 32 patients treated in March and April 2020, who had more than 3 days of mechanical ventilation, either in the regular ICU with ICU ventilators (Hamilton S1), or in the temporary emergency ICU with anesthetic ventilators (Aisys, GE). The data acquired during regular clinical treatment was collected from the Patient Data Management Systems. Available ventilation parameters (pressures and volumes: PEEP, Ppeak, Pinsp, Vtidal), monitored parameters EtCO2, SpO2, derived compliance C, and resistance R were processed and analyzed. A sub-analysis was performed to compare closed-loop ventilation (INTELLiVENT-ASV) to other ventilation modes. The results showed no major differences in the compared parameters, except for Pinsp. PEEP was reduced over time in the with Hamilton treated patients. This is most likely attributed to changing clinical protocol as more clinical experience and literature became available. A comparison of compliance between the 2 ventilators could not be made due to variances in the measurement of compliance. Closed loop ventilation could be used in 79% of the time, resulting in more stable EtCO2. From the analysis it can be concluded that the off-label usage of the anesthetic ventilator in our hospital did not result in differences in ventilation parameters compared to the ICU treatment in the first 4 days of ventilation.
Blaming Children: How Rape Myths Manifest in Defense Attorneys’ Questions to Children Testifying About Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: George Suzanne St. , Denne Emily , Stolzenberg Stacia N.
Published: June 2021

Since rape myths were codified in 1980 ( Burt, 1980 ), scholars have shown that individuals who endorse rape myths perceive victims as less credible and more responsible for rape and perpetrators as less responsible. Studies also show that rape myths hinder successful adjudication of rape cases by influencing juries’ assessments of perpetrator guilt ( Dinos et al., 2015 ). While most of this research focuses on sexual assaults involving adult victims, some scholars have found that victims as young as 12 are blamed for rape. If rape myths influence the perceptions of sex offenses even when victims are children, then defense attorneys in child sexual abuse (CSA) cases may be motivated to highlight rape myth in CSA trials. In the current study, we conducted a content analysis of the cross-examinations of 122 children, aged 6 to 17, alleging CSA to determine if and how defense attorneys question children about rape myths. We looked for questions about force and resistance, motives to lie, victim precipitation, and character issues (e.g., habitual drug use). We found that defense attorneys commonly referenced rape myths in CSA trials. A total of 10% of all defense attorneys’ lines of questioning referenced a rape myth, and attorneys asked 77% of children at least one rape myth line of questioning. Whether or not attorneys asked about different myths and the content of these questions varied by children’s age. Our findings indicate that defense attorneys use rape myths strategically to undermine children’s credibility in CSA trials, but they adapt (adult) rape myths in ways that are plausible in the CSA context. Policies formed to prevent the prejudicial impact of rape myths at sexual assault trials involving adults (e.g., rape shield laws) may not adequately prevent their impact in CSA trials. Prosecutors, therefore, should address rape myths at CSA trials.
“It’s Hard to Show Empathy in a Text”: Developing a Web-based Sexual Assault Hotline in a College Setting
Authors: Moylan Carrie A. , Carlson Melanie L. , Campbell Rebecca , Fedewa Tana
Published: June 2021

To increase access to counseling and advocacy services and respond to changes in communication preferences, many victim service programs are expanding their traditional telephone hotlines and adding web chat or text hotlines. However, there is little research available about these web and text-based hotlines. We examined program data collected in the first year of operation of a web-based crisis hotline for sexual assault survivors at a large Midwestern university in the United States as part of a larger evaluation project. We examined how often the web-based chat hotline was used and explored patterns of use by time of day and month, comparing to records from the phone hotline operated by the same campus-based victim service program. We also conducted interviews and two group discussions with volunteers and staff about their experiences with providing crisis intervention in a web-chat medium. Findings suggest that the web-based crisis hotline is being used frequently, nearly as often as the telephone hotline and doubling the total number of crisis contacts the organization had in the year prior to adding the web-based chat hotline. Staff and volunteers identified a number of advantages of a web-based hotline, including increased privacy and accessibility for survivors. Difficulty identifying and conveying emotions in the web-chat context was one of the primary challenges described by staff and volunteers. Operating the web-hotline, therefore, requires additional training for volunteers and staff on how to translate crisis intervention skills into a text-based medium. Suggestions for how to communicate effectively in text-based crisis intervention are discussed, along with other considerations for designing a web or text hotline.
Navigating the Hierarchy: Communicating Power Relationships in Collaborative Health Care Groups
Authors: Noyes Allison L.
Published: June 2021

Interdisciplinary health care groups increasingly face issues related to power and authority in the patient care process. Many of these issues stem from a tension between the historically entrenched hierarchy in health care organizations and the growing pressure of collaborative models of care that require a flattening of this hierarchy, greater mutual respect among disciplines, and more willingness to share power. This project used the framework of text and conversation to explore how groups negotiate this tension through communication. Findings suggest how some groups navigate texts that reinforce the hierarchy alongside texts that challenge it, creating a delicate balance of power that supports collaboration without threatening the position of those at the top of the hierarchy. Other groups primarily use texts that reinforce the hierarchy without consistently using texts that challenge it, which seems to make collaboration more difficult. These findings challenge the idea that equal balance should always be the goal of power sharing in collaborative interdisciplinary groups and offer a more nuanced understanding of how everyday group communication creates and recreates power relationships that impact collaborative care.
The Defamiliarization of Childcare in Uruguay: What Factors Contribute to the Use of Care Centers?
Authors: Batthyány Karina , Genta Natalia , Perrotta Valentina , Scavino Sol , Robello Mariana
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the following article is to analyze childcare strategies in Uruguay with data from the recent Care Strategies Survey. The main question that guides this article is what are the elements that favor the institutionalization of part of the burden of childcare (attendance and hours at childcare facilities for children under and over the age of 3). Gender mandates, which manifest through the maternalism index, contribute to the use of institutions, since traditional ideas about the caregiving role of mothers have effects on less institutionalization. At the same time, mothers’ access to work and higher levels of household income increases the probability of using institutions. Lastly, the defamiliarization of childcare depends on cultural mandates and, to the same extent, on the material conditions to access services.
Benzoxazine resin as an interesting building block for advanced neutrons shields
Authors: Mehelli Oussama , Derradji Mehdi , Habes Abdelmalek , Leblalta Nour Elislem , Belgacemi Raouf , Abdous Slimane , Izri Yasmine , Liu Wenbin
Published: June 2021

The design of lightweight neutrons shields has been restricted for quite some time to the use of the epoxy thermosets as the main building blocks. Meanwhile, the recent developments in the field of polymers suggest otherwise. Indeed, benzoxazine resins have taken the lead over the traditional thermosets in many exigent applications. Therefore, in a vision to introduce newer matrices with better performances and to further expand the applications of the benzoxazine resins into the nuclear field, the neutron shielding efficiency along with the thermal and thermomechanical performances of the neat benzoxazine polymer and its subsequent B4C-reinforced composites were investigated. The neutron shielding measurements were performed using an optimized experimental setup at NUR research reactor, Algiers. The neat benzoxazine polymer displayed almost similar thermal neutrons screening performances than the epoxy with a macroscopic cross-section (Σ) of a 0.724 cm−1 equivalent to a mean free path (λ) of 0.957 cm. The effect of the particle amount was also studied to maximize the shielding ability of the developed materials. For instance, the benzoxazine composite containing 20 wt.% of B4C displayed the outstanding screening ratio of about 96% for a sample thickness of 13 mm. Finally, the remarkable findings were put into context by providing multifaceted comparisons with the available shielding materials.
Assessment of derailment risk in railway turnouts through quasi-static analysis and dynamic simulation
Authors: Wang Ping , Lai Jun , Liao Tao , Xu Jingmang , Wang Jian , Chen Rong
Published: June 2021

Train derailments in railway switches are becoming more and more common, which have caused serious casualties and economic losses. Most previous studies ignored the derailment mechanism when vehicles pass through the turnout. With this consideration, this work aims to research the 3D derailment coefficient limit and passing performance in turnouts through the quasi-static analysis and multi-body dynamic simulation. The proposed derailment criteria have considered the influence of creep force and wheelset yaw angle. Results show that there are two derailing stages in switch panel, which are climbing the switch rail and stock rail, respectively. The 3D derailment coefficient limit at the region of top width 5 mm to 20 mm is much lower than the main track rail, which shows that wheels are more likely to derail in this area. The curve radius before the switch rail is suggested to be set as 350 m. When the curve radius before turnout is 65 m, the length of the straight line between the curve and turnout needs to be larger than 3 m. This work can provide a good understanding of the derailment limit and give guidance to set safety criteria when vehicles pass through the turnout.
Lupus, vaccinations and COVID-19: What we know now
Authors: Mason Alice , Anver Himashi , Lwin May , Holroyd Christopher , Faust Saul N , Edwards Christopher J
Published: June 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has had a huge impact on health services, with a high mortality associated with complications including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk of viral infections, and recent data suggests they may be at an increased risk of poor outcomes with COVID-19. This may be particularly true for those on rituximab or high dose steroids. A huge international effort from the scientific community has so far resulted in the temporary authorisation of three vaccines which offer protection against SARS-CoV-2, with over 30 other vaccines being evaluated in ongoing trials. Although there has historically been concern that vaccines may trigger disease flares of SLE, there is little convincing evidence to show this. In general lupus patients appear to gain good protection from vaccination, although there may be reduced efficacy in those with high disease activity or those on immunosuppressive therapies, such as rituximab or high dose steroids. Recent concerns have been raised regarding rare clotting events with the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine and it is currently unknown whether this risk is higher for those patients with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. With the possibility of annual COVID vaccination programmes in the future, prospective data collection and registries looking at the effect of vaccination on SLE disease control, the incidence of COVID-19 in SLE patients and severity of COVID-19 disease course would all be useful. As mass vaccination programmes begin to roll out across the world, we assess the evidence of the use of vaccines in SLE patients and in particular vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2.
Flax fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites for non-structural engineering applications: Effect of molding temperature and fiber volume fraction on its mechanical properties
Authors: Singh Jai Inder Preet , Singh Sehijpal , Dhawan Vikas , Gulati Piyush
Published: June 2021

Owing to its biodegradability, durability, low cost and potential material to replace existing commercial products in the field of engineering applications, nowadays there is a lot of interest in the field of green composites. It is formed by a mixture of biodegradable polymers and natural fibers and has a potential to replace synthetic polymer based composites. In this research work flax fibers are used as reinforcement and Poly-lactic acid (PLA) as matrix material for the development of Flax/PLA composites. The effects of processing parameters such as fiber volume fraction ranging from 25% to 50% and molding temperature ranging from 160°C to 180°C on mechanical properties of flax/PLA composites were investigated. It is concluded from the results that maximum tensile and flexural strength are recorded at 35% fiber volume fraction of flax/PLA composites developed at 170°C molding temperature. SEM analysis validated the findings obtained from the mechanical characterization.
Investigation for Finance–Growth Nexus: A Dynamic Common Correlated Estimator Approach
Authors: Mehmood Saqib , Bilal Ahmad Raza
Published: June 2021

The study investigated the impact of financial development in bringing the economic well-being, using the data of 10 selected developing countries, as a sample for the period from 1991 to 2017. However, the study utilizes the regression of group mean dynamic common correlated estimator (DCCE) by Chudik and Pesaran (2015) to analyse the said circumstance. For estimation, the present study is considering the major tycoons of financial development and their relevant areas that are significantly effecting the economic growth. However, the broad money (GAM1), domestic credit to private sector to GDP (GAM2), domestic credit to private sector by banks (GAM3), government’s final consumption expenditures (GAFCE) and foreign direct investment GAFC are major contributors in attaining the GDP per capita (GADA). However, the estimation of the concerned circumstance was also evaluated in terms of shorter and longer run estimations. The results of the short– and long–run estimations also authenticate the results of DCCE estimations. The robustness of the results is verified with the help of Pedroni (2004) test, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) test by Pedroni (2001) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) by Stock and Watson (1993) . The robustness tests also verify the factors that are considered as the major players of financial development for uplifting the concerned economies. Selected developing countries have the potential for utilizing their financial development options to manage their growth at the economic level. For practical implications and for policymaking, the ingredients of this particular study can be endorsed to get the desired results.
Using Farmers’ Risk Tolerance to Explain Variations in Adoption of Improved Rice Varieties in Nepal
Authors: Begho Toritseju
Published: June 2021

Rice is the leading cereal crop in Nepal and an important source of calories and plant protein. Despite the importance of rice, there are reports of widespread cultivation of older varieties with considerably large adoption lags. This warrants further investigation into the factors that influence rice farmers’ adoption decisions. Risk attitude is reported to be an important determinant of farmers’ decisions. However, in Nepal, evidence of the effect of risk attitude on the adoption of improved crop varieties is limited because this important factor is not considered in adoption studies. This article, therefore, connects field experiment, theoretical understanding of farmers’ risk attitudes and empirical models with the aim of investigating determinants of farmers adoption of improved rice varieties in Nepal. The results show that majority of farmers currently grow old varieties. The top four varieties—Sona Mahsuri, Sarju-52, Samba Mahsuri and Radha-4—have an average varietal release age of 27 years. By estimating a binary response regression model, this article shows that risk attitude is a significant determinant of rice farmers’ adoption decision. Specifically, the results show that risk-tolerant farmers have the lowest propensity to adopt new improved rice varieties. This article, therefore, highlights the importance of promoting holistic benefits over making risk-reducing attributes salient when new crop varieties are developed and disseminated to farmers.
Promoting prosociality in Colombia: Is music more effective than other cultural interventions?
Authors: Cespedes-Guevara Julian , Dibben Nicola
Published: June 2021

This article reports a two-part study into the prosocial impacts of third sector cultural activities with children and adolescents in impoverished and violence-stricken urban neighbourhoods in Cali, Colombia. First, a year-long field study set out to compare a pre-existing music-training programme with a dance-training programme and a football-training programme with 9–14 year olds, to determine the extent to which each affords the development of empathic attitudes and prosocial behaviours. The music and dance programmes produced few significant changes in participants’ empathy or prosociality, and there were few significant differences between the empathy and prosociality of the participants in the two groups. Participant dropout prevented comparison with the football-training programme. Second, an interview study was used to understand the place of prosociality in the aims and work of policymakers, funders and third-sector practitioners running cultural activities for social impacts in the Cali region. The study revealed that the organisations aimed to achieve individual and social transformation by creating the conditions for transformation, evidenced as positive outcomes. Neither the measures used by the organisations themselves nor the psychosocial constructs of prosociality and empathy used by the researchers adequately evidenced some of the intended outcomes, such as enabling individuals to build a life project, practising and sustaining social inclusion and transforming communities, nor a path from individual to social transformation. Differences between the structure of cultural activities and their associated values meant that different activities were believed to lend themselves to social transformation more or less well. This highlights the need for critically reflective, co-constructed research using a fuller range of constructs that can capture the outcomes of these programmes for both individuals and groups.
On RuPaul, drag race and mentalization
Authors: Collins Noel
Published: June 2021

Objective:

With reference to relevant literature and brief analysis of televised content, this article discusses the potential value of RuPaul’s Drag Race (RPDR) in psycho-education about mentalization.

Conclusions:

RPDR can be viewed as an example of the ‘entertainment-education’ genre containing instructive displays of mentalization in action and an opportunity to increase public awareness of concepts that support emotional resilience. The psycho-educative potential of RPDR merits further evaluation.
Venturing for Others, Subject to Role Expectations? A Role Congruity Theory Approach to Social Venture Crowd Funding
Authors: Anglin Aaron H. , Courtney Christopher , Allison Thomas H.
Published: June 2021

Scant attention has been paid to the differences in fundraising for social versus commercial ventures. We adopt a role congruity theory perspective to argue that because women and people of color are more congruent with role expectations attributed to social entrepreneurs, they experience better fundraising performance when raising crowdfunded capital for social ventures compared to commercial ventures. We then argue entrepreneur race heightens fundraising differences for men and women. Results indicate women experience better funding performance when funding a social versus commercial venture—an effect that is larger for women of color. Men of color experience worse performance when funding a social venture. We find no differences for White men.
Utilizing Teledentistry to Manage Cleft Lip and Palate Patients in an Outpatient Setting
Authors: Viswanathan Asvitha , Patel Nikita , Vaidyanathan Mina , Bhujel Nabina
Published: June 2021

Background:

As a result of the current global pandemic, the dental profession has utilized teledentistry to reduce footfall in the hospitals and clinics where possible. Pediatric dental consultants form a vital part of a multidisciplinary team and regularly monitor the dental growth and development of patients with cleft lip and palate.

Objective:

To assess the effectiveness of the service provided by pediatric dental consultants in the South Thames Cleft Service at Evelina Children’s Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic through virtual clinics.

Design:

Data were collected retrospectively and include all cleft patients contacted via the virtual clinic during May to July 2020. Patients were prioritized by the Red, Amber, Green (RAG) scale to highlight the urgency of their next face-to-face appointment.

Results:

A total of 215 patients were contacted during this period with a 97% response rate. Patients given a RAG score of GREEN (86%) meant no urgent requirement for a face-to-face consultation and AMBER (8%) patients required treatment that was deemed nonurgent. However, 3% of patients received a RED rating as they required urgent input.

Conclusion:

Through these virtual clinics, the pediatric team was able to reach 208 patients and provided advice and reassurance. The need for face-to-face appointment was eliminated for 11% of patients who were discharged to their local dental practitioners, thereby reducing the risk of spreading COVID-19.
Awareness of Orofacial Clefts in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Alawi Khalifa Al , Shaqsi Sultan Al , Ghaithi Mouzan Al
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is the most common craniofacial anomaly. In Oman, the incidence of CL/P is estimated to be 1.5 per 1000 live births per year. Knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward CL/P help to optimize the management of the condition and reduce social and emotional stress among this group of children and their family. In this survey, we assessed the public awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward this deformity in the Sultanate of Oman.

Method:

A cross-sectional study was conducted using validated questionnaire that was distributed using Google forms.

Result:

A total of 739 participants completed the survey. The majority is aware of cleft lip (86.7%) and palate (63.2%). In general, attitude toward patients with CL/P was positive. Females had higher knowledge compared to males, 54.4% and 32.9%, respectively. Online resources were the main source of information.

Conclusion:

There are variations in knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward CL/P among participants. Omani population needs to be educated more about CL/P, its complications if not treated, and the available treatment.
Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders and Verbal Aggression: Why School Professionals Should Care and What They Can Do
Authors: Worth Megan R. , Smith Stephen W. , Poling Daniel V.
Published: June 2021

Verbal aggression (VA) is the most prevalent form of aggression perpetrated, experienced, and witnessed by students, with victims experiencing a variety of adverse outcomes. Furthermore, VA is known to contribute to physical aggression, especially for students with emotional and behavioral disorders. Despite the high prevalence, researchers suggest that school personnel may not understand the harmful nature of VA. We summarize research about VA, suggest schoolwide initiatives, and propose effective interventions for perpetrators, victims, and bystanders.
Meeting the Unique Needs of Gifted Students Through an Arts-Integrated, Project-Based Learning Opportunity: The EncycloMEdia Project
Authors: Baiden Dhara
Published: June 2021

The “EncycloMEdia” project provides a stimulating project-based opportunity for gifted and talented students in the middle and upper grades. Its first component is an arts-integration piece in the form of an altered book. The second component is a cumulative assessment document containing students’ text-based analyses that correspond to the entries in the altered book. Both components of the project require students to develop valuable critical thinking and writing skills. This integrated, project-based unit can be modified to address any subject area. Detailed descriptions of the content, process, and product are included so educators can implement this idea with their own gifted students.
Using the Arts to Differentiate Curriculum for the Gifted
Authors: VanTassel-Baska Joyce
Published: June 2021

This article describes how the arts may be used as interdisciplinary tools to enhance and deepen the learning experience for students. They may be (a) direct adaptations of the core curriculum, (b) added emphases in instructional approaches, and/or (c) an integration of artistic media into interdisciplinary concept learning. An organizer provides teachers with a way to integrate arts into an existing lesson, higher order questions to guide learners in understanding the artifact selected for consideration, and a reproducible rubric to assess a student’s developing sensitivity to the role of aesthetic experience in learning at a deeper and broader level.
Higher Levels of Harsh Parenting During the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Netherlands
Authors: Sari Novika Purnama , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Jansen Pauline , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian , Riem Madelon M. E.
Published: June 2021

Previous studies on the impact of COVID-19 indicate that pandemic-related distress increases risks for child maltreatment, although data on the scope of this problem are still scarce. Here, we assessed whether parents with toddlers ( n = 206) more often used harsh discipline during the lockdown in the Netherlands compared to a matched parent sample collected prior to the pandemic ( n = 1,030). Parents were matched on background characteristics using propensity score matching. We found that harsh parenting levels were significantly elevated compared to pre-pandemic levels. Harsh parenting behaviors with a low prevalence before COVID-19 increased most strongly: shaking, calling names, and calling the child stupid. These results suggest that parental tolerance for children’s disobedience is lower under the adverse circumstances of COVID-19 and, as a result, abusive parenting responses are more difficult to inhibit. Thus, a lockdown seems to increase risks for child maltreatment, underscoring the need for effective support strategies for at-risk families.
Buran Nalgarra: an Indigenous-led model for walking with good spirit and learning together on Darug Ngurra
Authors: Ngurra Darug , Dadd Lexodious , Norman-Dadd Corina , Graham Marnie , Suchet-Pearson Sandie , Glass Paul , Scott Rebecca , Narwal Harriet , Lemire Jessica
Published: June 2021

In the distressing midst of global extinction and environmental crises, changes to the ways that places are managed and cared for are vital and urgent. We offer here an Indigenous-led model of cross-cultural collaboration based on lessons shared by Darug custodians in Sydney, Australia, embedded in the making of buran nalgarra (stringybark rope). The Buran Nalgarra model of collaboration is not a simple cut-and-paste model nor panacea for effective collaboration. Rather, embedded deeply in Darug Ngurra (Darug Country), we share what we have learnt and value through our Caring-as-Darug-Ngurra project in the hope that others will find our guiding principles and processes useful, and perhaps adapt our learning to their own places. We strive for strength and learning through togetherness.
Targeting the Barriers in the Substance Use Disorder Continuum of Care With Peer Recovery Support
Authors: Stanojlović Milena , Davidson Larry
Published: June 2021

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) has been recognized as a chronic, relapsing disorder. However, much of existing SUD care remains based in an acute care model that focuses on clinical stabilization and discharge, failing to address the longer-term needs of people in recovery from addiction. The high rates of client’s disengagement and attrition across the continuum of care highlight the need to identify and overcome the obstacles that people face at each stage of the treatment and recovery process. Peer recovery support services (PRSS) show promise in helping people initiate, pursue, and sustain long-term recovery from substance-related problems. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, the goal of this article is to explore the possible roles of peers along the SUD care continuum and their potential to improve engagement in care by targeting specific barriers that prevent people from successfully transitioning from one stage to the next leading eventually to full recovery. A multidimensional framework of SUD care continuum was developed based on the adapted model of opioid use disorder cascade of care and recovery stages, within which the barriers known to be associated with each stage of the continuum were matched with the existing evidence of effectiveness of specific PRSSs. With this conceptual paper, we are hoping to show how PRSSs can become a complementary and integrated part of the system of care, which is an essential step toward improving the continuity of care and health outcomes.
Implementation of a pilot teleretinal screening protocol for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in a Los Angeles County safety net clinic
Authors: Situ Betty A , Hua Hong-Uyen , Kaakour Abdul-Hadi , Daskivich Lauren Patty , Savvas Stavros , Toy Brian C
Published: June 2021

Introduction

This study aimed to determine whether teleretinal screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (HCQR) improves clinical efficiency and adherence to recommended screening guidelines compared to face-to-face screening among patients in a large safety net medical system.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study of a consecutive sample of 590 adult patients with active HCQ prescriptions seen in the outpatient ophthalmology clinic at Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center from 1 September 2018 to 25 November 2019, 203 patients underwent technician-only tele-HCQR screening (THRS), and 387 patients underwent screening with traditional face-to-face visits (F2FV) with an eye-care provider. Data on clinic efficiency measures (appointment wait time and encounter duration) and adherence to recommended screening guidelines were collected and compared between the two cohorts.

Results

Compared to F2FV, the THRS cohort experienced significantly shorter median (interquartile range) time to appointment (2.5 (1.5–4.6) vs. 5.1 (2.9–8.4) months; p < 0.0001), shorter median encounter duration (1 (0.8–1.4) vs. 3.7 (2.5–5.2) hours; p < 0.0001) and higher proportion of complete baseline screening (102/104 (98.1%) vs. 68/141 (48.2%); p < 0.001) and complete chronic screening (98/99 (99%) vs. 144/246 (58.5%); p < 0.001).

Discussion

A pilot THRS protocol was successfully implemented at a major safety net eye clinic in Los Angeles County, resulting in a 50.9% reduction in wait times for screening, 72.9% reduction in encounter duration and 49.9% and 40.5% increases in proportions of complete baseline and chronic screening, respectively. Tele-HCQ retinal screening protocols may improve timeliness to care and screening adherence for HCQR in the safety net setting.
Engineering care in pandemic technogovernance: The politics of care in China and South Korea’s COVID-19 tracking apps
Authors: Kim Youngrim , Chen Yuchen , Liang Fan
Published: June 2021

This article critically examines South Korea and China’s COVID-19 tracking apps by bridging surveillance studies with feminist technoscience’s understanding of the “politics of care”. Conducting critical readings of the apps and textual analysis of discursive materials, we demonstrate how the ideological, relational, and material practices of the apps strategically deployed “care” to normalize a particular form of pandemic technogovernance in these two countries. In the ideological dimension, media and state discourse utilized a combination of vilifying and nationalist rhetoric that framed one’s acquiescence to surveillance as a demonstration of national belonging. Meanwhile, the apps also performed ambivalent roles in facilitating essential care services and mobilizing self-tracking activities, which contributed to the manufacturing of pseudonormality in these societies. In the end, we argue that the Chinese and South Korean governments managed to frame their aggressive surveillance infrastructure during COVID-19 as a form of paternalistic care by finessing the blurred boundaries between care and control.
Iliac Pseudoaneurysm, Only a Manifestation With More Causes: A Case Report
Authors: Infante Barbara , Di Lorenzo Adelaide , Troise Dario , Ferrante Angela M. R. , Ruggieri Maurizio , Stallone Giovanni
Published: June 2021

Pseudoaneurysm is due to a disruption in arterial wall continuity. It forms a sac that communicates with the vessel lumen and is surrounded by the compressed, surrounding tissues and not by the wall of the artery from which the lesion arises. Many causes can predispose to the formation of a pseudoaneurysm such as trauma, surgical procedures, anticoagulation. In our patient another important risk factor for the formation of a pseudoaneurysm is ADPKD (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease) that can cause vascular complication. The mechanisms leading to the genesis of the pseudoaneurysms in our patient are unknown, but the clinicians should bear in mind when evaluating this type of patients that ADPKD may have a various range of systemic cardiovascular manifestation.
Utilizing a Manualized Therapy to Provide Parallel Treatment to Older Adults With Cancer and Their Caregivers: A Case Study
Authors: Stern Amy , Hershkowitz Robin , Trevino Kelly M.
Published: June 2021

The experience of anxiety is a common and understandable reaction to a diagnosis of and treatment for cancer. Patients of any age may experience negative psychological and physical symptoms during cancer treatment; older adults with cancer simultaneously face the impact of cancer and the effects of aging. Caregivers of older adults with cancer are also vulnerable to experiencing anxiety as their loved one navigates the physical and emotional sequelae of their illness and treatment. This article describes the use of Managing Anxiety from Cancer (MAC), a seven-session telephone-delivered manualized cognitive behavioral intervention that includes strategies from acceptance and commitment therapy and problem-solving therapy, with an older woman with cancer and her adult daughter. MAC includes a variety of techniques for patients and caregivers, who are encouraged to use these strategies individually or in different combinations to manage their anxiety. This brief treatment provided a parallel experience for the participants, as the older adult patient and her caregiver were taught the same anxiety-management techniques by their individual therapists. We will discuss the advantages and drawbacks of using a manualized psychotherapy intervention in this case, as well as MAC’s impact on each member of this pair and on the dyad as a unit. Both individuals reported experiencing benefits from MAC and identified MAC-acquired skills they planned to use in the future to manage their anxiety and improve communication. While assessment data did not reflect a decrease in anxiety, it is possible that the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic confounded these data.
The Roles of Campus Ministry Leaders: Guiding Students through the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Davidson Charis R. , Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle M. , Messias DeAnne K. Hilfinger , Friedman Daniela B. , Robillard Alyssa G.
Published: June 2021

Despite historic existence of campus ministries at universities, little is known about the roles of campus ministry leaders. This research explored campus ministry leaders’ engagement with students through interviews (n = 19). Analysis indicated interviewees’ work includes building relationships with students, navigating the secular context of a public university, and tensions with others in campus ministry. Interviewees reported emotional strain resulting from extensive caring labor. Focused support for campus ministers would benefit both leaders and students.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the management of concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysms and renal tumours
Authors: Lawrie Katerina , Whitley Adam , Balaz Peter
Published: June 2021

Objectives

The treatment of concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysms and renal tumours is controversial. The aim of this study was to ascertain which of the following three strategies, one-stage open aneurysm repair and nephrectomy, two-stage open aneurysm repair and nephrectomy or two-stage endovascular aneurysm repair and nephrectomy, is the best approach.

Methods

systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between January 1992 and April 2021 describing the treatment of concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysms and renal tumours.

Results

A total of 1168 records were identified. After the selection process, 12 studies with data on 89 patients were included. Sixty-two patients underwent one-stage open procedures, 18 patients underwent two-stage open procedures and nine underwent two-stage endovascular procedures. The overall postoperative mortality was 0.82% (95% CI, 0.00–4.61). The postoperative mortality for one-stage open procedures was 3.09% (95% CI, 0.00–10.11). No deaths occurred in the postoperative period open two-stage procedures or two-stage endovascular procedures. The weighted postoperative morbidity for all procedures was 23.86% (95% CI, 12.64–35.08) and for open one-stage procedures was 37.40% (95% CI, 14.33–60.47). Data concerning postoperative complications of two-stage open procedures were extractable from only one patient in whom no complications were reported. Two postoperative complications were reported after two-stage endovascular procedures from a total of six patients with extractable postoperative data. We were unable to perform meta-analysis on long-term outcomes as the data were reported non-uniformly.

Conclusion

There is currently no evidence to suggest that any procedure is associated with better outcomes. However, a one-stage open approach was the most commonly used option, favoured as it avoids delaying treatment of either of the conditions. Two-stage open procedures were preferred in cases where the surgical risk of a one-stage procedure was higher than the potential benefit. For such cases, two-stage endovascular repair is becoming more popular as a less invasive approach.
Skill acquisition practices of coaches on the British Para swimming World Class Programme
Authors: Powell D , Wood G , Kearney PE , Payton C
Published: June 2021

This study set out to gain insight into the practices adopted by elite level Paralympic swimming coaches and to shed light on the knowledge and rationale underpinning their approaches. Coaching sessions were delivered by nine senior coaches from the British Para swimming (BPS) World Class Programme. A coaching session was observed from each coach and a semi-structured interview was recorded and transcribed to explore their intentions and rationale for the structure and content of the session delivered. Results indicated that coaches: (i) predominantly emphasised internal focus instruction and feedback cues, (ii) incorporated relatively low levels of between-skill variability and higher levels of within-skill variability, and (iii) applied mostly explicit learning techniques such as part-task training and verbal feedback, but also incorporated some implicit learning techniques such as analogies and constraints-based learning. Interview data indicated coaches had limited knowledge of key skill acquisition principles. The study serves to highlight potential gaps in understanding on the side of both research and applied practice in the hope of facilitating future collaborations between coaches and skill acquisition practitioners.
The exclusion of serious and organised offenders and their victims from the offer of restorative justice: Should this be so and what happens when the offer is put on the table?
Authors: D’Souza Nikki , Shapland Joanna
Published: June 2021

There is scarce research evidence of restorative justice being used in the context of serious and organised crime offending. This study sought to explore the feasibility of using restorative justice by canvassing the views of experts, serious and organised crime offenders and serious and organised crime victims in England. Offenders and victims were given the opportunity to engage in a restorative justice initiative and individual cases were pursued accordingly as a series of case studies. Case studies were limited to large-scale serious and organised fraud. Stark differences in views were apparent between serious and organised crime experts and restorative justice experts, the former doubting offenders’ motivations and pointing to their dangerousness without fully considering victim perspectives. Despite high attrition rates among some offenders expressing an initial willingness to pursue restorative justice, where both parties wished to participate, sustained motivation was observed. This study highlights inequities in the way that police forces have implemented the 2015 Victims Code requirements for restorative justice in England and Wales, potentially blocking opportunities for closure, social integration and reduced reoffending.
The principles and pitfalls of screening in primary care
Authors: Hutchinson Joseph
Published: June 2021

Screening is the investigation of undiagnosed disease in asymptomatic patients. Asymptomatic disease tends to occur before symptomatic disease, meaning screening should identify disease earlier in its course. Early disease is usually easier to treat, with less morbidity and mortality. Therefore, in theory, screening should reduce morbidity and mortality from disease. The UK has a national population screening programme for specific diseases. Also, GPs regularly perform health screening such as the NHS health check. This must be evidence-based, so that the benefits outweigh harms, and the process must be economical. Therefore, it is important to understand the principles and pitfalls of screening.
Survivorship of anatomic press-fit short-stem radial head replacement with a pyrocarbon bearing
Authors: Viswanath Aparna I , Watts Adam C
Published: June 2021

Background

Restoring the radial head as a stabiliser of the elbow is considered important in cases where there is an associated bony or ligamentous injury. A variety of radial head prostheses are available. There are no reports of the survivorship of a short-stem press-fit radial head prostheses with pyrocarbon bearing.

Patients and methods

With institutional review board approval, a retrospective case-note analysis was performed of a consecutive single-surgeon case series of the Integra LifeScience pyrocarbon radial head prostheses (Carbon Modular Radial Head) from October 2010 to October 2019 in a tertiary referral centre. The series was divided into acute trauma and salvage cohorts. Kaplan–Meier survivorship analysis was conducted.

Results

36 patients were included, 23 (64%) for acute injuries and 13 (36%) for failed initial treatment. Of the acute injuries, 20 (87%) had a Wrightington type-C elbow fracture-dislocation. Reoperation was performed in 4 (11%) patients; 10 (28%) had possible loosening on radiographs. The implant survival rate was 94% at shortest follow-up of 17 months (mean 70 months).

Discussion

Treatment of complex radial head fractures using a pyrocarbon-bearing, anatomic press-fit design provides satisfactory short-term survivorship in this case series. The implant should be used with caution in salvage cases, due to higher rates of loosening seen in this cohort.
Ethnozoology Mediating Knowledge About Sea Turtles and Environmental Education Strategies in the North-Central Coast of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Rêgo Raísa da Silva Costa , Cutrim Caio Henrique Gonçalves , Miranda Amanda Soares , Campos Juliana Loureiro Almeida , Araújo Vinícius Albano
Published: June 2021

Natural environment has undergone rapid transformations, primarily attributed to human actions that threaten ecosystems' balance. Understanding the relationship between humans and nature is essential to generate effective strategies for sustainably using resources. In this study, we analyzed the environmental perception and knowledge about the biology of sea turtles through 120 informal interviews with visitors at beaches on the north-central coast of Rio de Janeiro state. Residents noticed garbage more often than tourists, as did women and younger individuals. The perception of initiatives necessary to increase the preservation of the beaches was higher for people with higher education. In general, there were no differences in biological knowledge about sea turtles between residents, tourists and people who work or study at the cities. The results point to the need for oceanic education strategies that can help raise environmental awareness through long-term conservation programs.