bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Angle-resolved photoemission study of NbGeSb with non-symmorphic symmetry
Authors: Ma 马 Huan 欢 , Tan 谭 Ning 宁 , Wu 吴 Xuchuan 徐传 , Li 李 Man 满 , Wang 王 Yiyan 义炎 , Lu 路 Hongyan 洪艳 , Xia 夏 Tianlong 天龙 , Wang 王 Shancai 善才
Published: November 2023

We investigate the electronic structure of NbGeSb with non-symmorphic symmetry. We employ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to observe and identify the bulk and surface states over the Brillouin zone. By utilizing high-energy photons, we identify the bulk Fermi surface and bulk nodal line along the direction X–R, while the Fermi surface of the surface state is observed by using low-energy photons. We observe the splitting of surface bands away from the high-symmetry point

X
¯

. The density functional theory calculations on bulk and 1 to 5-layer slab models, as well as spin textures of NbGeSb, verify that the band splitting could be attributed to the Rashba-like spin–orbit coupling caused by space-inversion-symmetry breaking at the surface. These splitted surface bands cross with each other, forming two-dimensional Weyl-like crossings that are protected by mirror symmetry. Our findings provide insights into the two-dimensional topological and symmetry-protected band inversion of surface states.
Maskless fabrication of quasi-omnidirectional V-groove solar cells using an alkaline solution-based method
Authors: Chen 陈 Xingqian 兴谦 , Wang 王 Yan 燕 , Chen 陈 Wei 伟 , Liu 刘 Yaoping 尧平 , Xing 邢 Guoguang 国光 , Feng 冯 Bowen 博文 , Li 李 Haozhen 昊臻 , Sun 孙 Zongheng 纵横 , Du 杜 Xiaolong 小龙
Published: November 2023

Silicon passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cells with V-groove texture were fabricated using maskless alkaline solution etching with in-house developed additive. Compared with the traditional pyramid texture, the V-groove texture possesses superior effective minority carrier lifetime, enhanced p–n junction quality and better applied filling factor (FF). In addition, a V-groove texture can greatly reduce the shading area and edge damage of front Ag electrodes when the V-groove direction is parallel to the gridline electrodes. Due to these factors, the V-groove solar cells have a higher efficiency (21.78%) than pyramid solar cells (21.62%). Interestingly, external quantum efficiency (EQE) and reflectance of the V-groove solar cells exhibit a slight decrease when the incident light angle (θ) is increased from 0° to 75°, which confirms the excellent quasi omnidirectionality of the V-groove solar cells. The proposed V-groove solar cell design shows a 2.84% relative enhancement of energy output over traditional pyramid solar cells.
Observation of flat-band localized state in a one-dimensional diamond momentum lattice of ultracold atoms
Authors: Zeng 曾 Chao 超 , Shi 石 Yue-Ran 悦然 , Mao 毛 Yi-Yi 一屹 , Wu 武 Fei-Fei 菲菲 , Xie 谢 Yan-Jun 岩骏 , Yuan 苑 Tao 涛 , Dai 戴 Han-Ning 汉宁 , Chen 陈 Yu-Ao 宇翱
Published: November 2023

We investigated the one-dimensional diamond ladder in the momentum lattice platform. By inducing multiple two- and four-photon Bragg scatterings among specific momentum states, we achieved a flat band system based on the diamond model, precisely controlling the coupling strength and phase between individual lattice sites. Utilizing two lattice sites couplings, we generated a compact localized state associated with the flat band, which remained localized throughout the entire time evolution. We successfully realized the continuous shift of flat bands by adjusting the corresponding nearest neighbor hopping strength, enabling us to observe the complete localization process. This opens avenues for further exploration of more complex properties within flat-band systems, including investigating the robustness of flat-band localized states in disordered flat-band systems and exploring many-body localization in interacting flat-band systems.
Experimental characterization of the quasi-coherent mode in EDA H-Mode and QCE scenarios at ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Kalis J. , Birkenmeier G. , Manz P. , Eich T. , Griener M. , Goti R. , Cavedon M. , Gil L. , Faitsch M. , Radovanovic L. , Wendler D. , Wolfrum E. , Stroth U. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team,   the EUROfusion MST1 Team
Published: November 2023

The quasi-coherent mode (QCM), appearing in enhanced D

α

high confinement mode (EDA H-mode) and quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) plasmas has been analysed in detail at ASDEX Upgrade via thermal helium beam spectroscopy under various discharge parameters. In both scenarios the QCM appears to be localized close to the separatrix and to propagate in ion diamagnetic direction in the plasma frame. The poloidal wavenumber of the QCM is about

0.025
<

k

θ

ρ

s

<
0.075

and the radial wavenumber is

k

r

≈

0

 

cm

−
1

. It was found that the plasmas are generally below the ideal MHD limit at the separatrix. All the properties are consistent with ideal, resistive or kinetic ballooning modes. Simultaneous to the appearance of the QCM, higher harmonic modes can be observed in EDA H-modes, which are exclusively visible in magnetic pick-up coils and have toroidal mode numbers of up to n = 10. By performing a bicoherence analysis it was found that the higher harmonic modes and the QCM are coupling, but are disjoint phenomena. Qualitatively, the bandwidth of the QCM serves as a promising distinctive feature between QCE plasmas and EDA H-modes.
Modelling of energetic particle drive and damping effects on TAEs in AUG experiment with ECCD
Authors: Calado R. , Nabais F. , Sharapov S.E. , Schneider P. , Kazakov Ye. , Garcia-Muñoz M. , Snicker A. , Ferreira J. , Coelho R. , Dreval M. , Fuertes J. , Galdon-Quiroga J. , Gonzalez-Martin J. , Karpushov A. , Stober J. , Tardini G. , Van Zeeland M.A. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: November 2023

The impact of electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD)-driven current on toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) in experiments on the AUG tokamak is investigated numerically. The dynamical evolution of the plasma profiles and equilibria are modelled with European transport solver, while ion cyclotron resonance heating-accelerated H-minority ions exciting TAEs are assessed with the PION code. TAEs, their drive and damping are computed with the codes CASTOR and CASTOR-K. In the set of discharges analysed, two groups of TAEs are observed, differing in frequency and radial location. Experimental observations show that when counter-ECCD is applied the higher frequency group of approximately 150 kHz is suppressed, while the lower frequency modes of 125 kHz are amplified. When co-ECCD is applied, depending on the location of the ECCD current deposition layer, both groups of TAE can be suppressed. Numerical calculations of energetic particle drive and thermal plasma damping show that neither one effect could explain the variety of the experimental observations. The fine balance between the drive, sensitive to the TAE position, and the radiative and continuum damping effects could only explain the experiment if the effects are considered all together.
Power sector impacts of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022
Authors: Bistline John E T , Brown Maxwell , Domeshek Maya , Marcy Cara , Roy Nicholas , Blanford Geoffrey , Burtraw Dallas , Farbes Jamil , Fawcett Allen , Hamilton Anne , Jenkins Jesse , Jones Ryan , King Ben , Kolus Hannah , Larsen John , Levin Amanda , Mahajan Megan , Mayfield Erin , McFarland James , McJeon Haewon , Orvis Robbie , Patankar Neha , Rennert Kevin , Robson Sally , Roney Christopher , Russell Ethan , Schivley Greg , Shawhan Daniel , Steinberg Daniel , Victor Nadejda , Wenzel Shelley , Weyant John , Wiser Ryan , Yuan Mei , Zhao Alicia
Published: November 2023

The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) is regarded as the most prominent piece of federal climate legislation in the U.S. thus far. This paper investigates potential impacts of IRA on the power sector, which is the focus of many core IRA provisions. We summarize a multi-model comparison of IRA to identify robust findings and variation in power sector investments, emissions, and costs across 11 models of the U.S. energy system and electricity sector. Our results project that IRA incentives accelerate the deployment of low-emitting capacity, increasing average annual additions by up to 3.2 times current levels through 2035. CO2 emissions reductions from electricity generation across models range from 47%–83% below 2005 in 2030 (68% average) and 66%–87% in 2035 (78% average). Our higher clean electricity deployment and lower emissions under IRA, compared with earlier U.S. modeling, change the baseline for future policymaking and analysis. IRA helps to bring projected U.S. power sector and economy-wide emissions closer to near-term climate targets; however, no models indicate that these targets will be met with IRA alone, which suggests that additional policies, incentives, and private sector actions are needed.
All-cause mortality attributable to long-term changes in mean temperature and diurnal temperature variation in China: a nationwide quasi-experimental study
Authors: Ai Siqi , Lu Hong , Liu Hengyi , Cao Jingyuan , Li Fangzhou , Qiu Xinghua , Gong Jicheng , Xue Tao , Zhu Tong
Published: November 2023

Previous studies have demonstrated an association between short-term exposure to ambient temperature and mortality. However, the long-term effects of elevated temperature and temperature variability on mortality have remained somewhat elusive in epidemiological studies. We conducted a comprehensive epidemiological study utilizing Chinese population census data from 2000 and 2010. Census-derived demographic and socioeconomic factors were paired with temperature data from the European Re-Analysis Land Dataset across 2823 counties. We employed a difference-in-difference approach to quantitatively examine the relationship between all-cause mortality and annual exposure to mean temperature and diurnal temperature range (DTR). Additionally, we evaluated the potential effects of socioeconomic and environmental covariate modifications on this relationship and calculated the attributable mortality. Lastly, we projected excess deaths attributable to annual temperature exposure under various shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs, e.g. SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585). For each 1 °C rise in annual mean temperature and DTR, the mortality risk could increase by 6.12% (95% CI: 0.84%, 11.69%) and 7.72% (95% CI: 3.75%, 11.84%), respectively. Counties with high labor-force ratios and high NO2 and O3 concentrations appeared to be sensitive to the annual mean temperature and DTR. Climate warming from 2000 to 2010 may have resulted in 5.85 and 14.46 additional deaths per 10 000 people attributable to changes in annual mean temperature and DTR, respectively. The excess mortality related to changes in annual mean temperature and DTR is expected to increase in the future, with special attention warranted for long-term temperature changes in Southwest China. Our findings indicate that long-term mean temperature and DTR could significantly impact mortality rates. Given the spatial heterogeneity of increased mortality risk, the formulation of region-specific strategies to tackle climate change is crucial.
Analytical results for a spin–orbit coupled atom held in a non-Hermitian double well under synchronous combined modulations
Authors: Xie Xin , Cui Jiaxi , Luo Zhida , Xie Yuqiong , Li Wenjuan , Hai Wenhua , Luo Yunrong
Published: November 2023

We propose a simple method of synchronous combined modulations to generate the exact analytic solutions for a spin–orbit (SO) coupled ultracold atom held in a non-Hermitian double-well potential. Based on the obtained analytical solutions, we mainly study the parity-time (

P
T

) symmetry of this system and the system stability for both balanced and unbalanced gain–loss between two wells. Under balanced gain and loss, the effect of the proportional constants between synchronous combined modulations and the SO-coupling strength on the

P
T

-symmetry breaking is revealed analytically. Surprisingly, we find when the Zeeman field is present, the stable spin-flipping tunneling between two wells cannot occur in the non-Hermitian SO-coupled ultracold atomic system, but the stable spin-conserving tunneling can be performed. Under unbalanced gain and loss, the unique set of parameter conditions that can cause the system to stabilize is found. The results may provide a possibility for the exact control of

P
T

-symmetry breaking and quantum spin dynamics in a non-Hermitian SO-coupled system.
Missing levels in intermediate spectra
Authors: Hita-Pérez María , Muñoz Laura , Molina Rafael A
Published: November 2023

We derive an expression for the nearest-neighbor spacing distribution P(s) of the energy levels of quantum systems with intermediate dynamics between regularity and chaos and missing levels due to random experimental errors. The expression is based on the Brody distribution, the most widely used for fitting mixed spectra as a function of one parameter. By using Monte Carlo simulations of intermediate spectra based on the β-Hermite ensemble of random matrix theory (RMT), we evaluate the quality of the formula and its suitability for fitting purposes. Estimations of the Brody parameter and the fraction of missing levels can be obtained by a least-square two-parameter fitting of the experimental P(s). The results should be important to distinguish the origins of deviations from RMT in experimental spectra.
Stress-free cell aggregation by using the CEPT cocktail enhances embryoid body and organoid fitness
Authors: Ryu Seungmi , Weber Claire , Chu Pei-Hsuan , Ernest Ben , Jovanovic Vukasin M , Deng Tao , Slamecka Jaroslav , Hong Hyenjong , Jethmalani Yogita , Baskir Hannah M , Inman Jason , Braisted John , Hirst Marissa B , Simeonov Anton , Voss Ty C , Tristan Carlos A , Singeç Ilyas
Published: November 2023

Embryoid bodies (EBs) and self-organizing organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulate tissue development in a dish and hold great promise for disease modeling and drug development. However, current protocols are hampered by cellular stress and apoptosis during cell aggregation, resulting in variability and impaired cell differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that EBs and various organoid models (e.g., brain, gut, kidney) can be optimized by using the small molecule cocktail named CEPT (chroman 1, emricasan, polyamines, trans-ISRIB), a polypharmacological approach that ensures cytoprotection and cell survival. Application of CEPT for just 24 h during cell aggregation has long-lasting consequences affecting morphogenesis, gene expression, cellular differentiation, and organoid function. Various qualification methods confirmed that CEPT treatment enhanced experimental reproducibility and consistently improved EB and organoid fitness as compared to the widely used ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. Collectively, we discovered that stress-free cell aggregation and superior cell survival in the presence of CEPT are critical quality control determinants that establish a robust foundation for bioengineering complex tissue and organ models.
Investigation on the roles of equilibrium toroidal rotation during edge-localized mode mitigated by resonant magnetic perturbations
Authors: DONG 董 Liangkang 良康 , CHEN 陈 Shaoyong 少永 , MOU 牟 Maolin 茂淋 , LUO 罗 Yang 杨 , QIN 秦 Chenchen 晨晨 , TANG 唐 Changjian 昌建
Published: November 2023

The effects of equilibrium toroidal rotation during edge-localized mode (ELM) mitigated by resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) are studied with the experimental equilibria of the EAST tokamak based on the four-field model in the BOUT++ code. As the two main parameters to determine the toroidal rotation profiles, the rotation shear and magnitudes were separately scanned to investigate their roles in the impact of RMPs on peeling–ballooning (P-B) modes. On one hand, the results show that strong toroidal rotation shear is favorable for the enhancement of the self-generated

shearing rate

with RMPs, leading to significant ELM mitigation with RMP in the stronger toroidal rotation shear region. On the other hand, toroidal rotation magnitudes may affect ELM mitigation by changing the penetration of the RMPs, more precisely the resonant components. RMPs can lead to a reduction in the pedestal energy loss by enhancing the multimode coupling in the turbulence transport phase. The shielding effects on RMPs increase with the toroidal rotation magnitude, leading to the enhancement of the multimode coupling with RMPs to be significantly weakened. Hence, the reduction in pedestal energy loss by RMPs decreased with the rotation magnitude. In brief, the results show that toroidal rotation plays a dual role in ELM mitigation with RMP by changing the shielding effects of plasma by rotation magnitude and affecting

by rotation shear. In the high toroidal rotation region, toroidal rotation shear is usually strong and hence plays a dominant role in the influence of RMP on P-B modes, whereas in the low rotation region, toroidal rotation shear is weak and has negligible impact on P-B modes, and the rotation magnitude plays a dominant role in the influence of RMPs on the P-B modes by changing the field penetration. Therefore, the dual role of toroidal rotation leads to stronger ELM mitigation with RMP, which may be achieved both in the low toroidal rotation region and the relatively high rotation region that has strong rotational shear.
Polarimeter–interferometer diagnostic using terahertz solid-state sources for fluctuation measurements on Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX)
Authors: WANG 汪 Xingkang 兴康 , MAO 毛 Wenzhe 文哲 , XIE 谢 Jinlin 锦林 , LAN 兰 Tao 涛 , LI 李 Hong 弘 , LIU 刘 Adi 阿娣 , ZHOU 周 Chu 楚 , WEN 温 Xiaohui 晓辉 , WEI 卫 Zian 子安 , WU 吴 Jie 捷 , CHEN 陈 Chen 晨 , LIU 刘 Dongkuan 东宽 , RAO 饶 Xianhao 贤昊 , CAI 蔡 Hu 虎 , WU 邬 Jiaren 佳仁 , DENG 邓 Peng 鹏 , LIU 刘 Haiqing 海庆 , DING 丁 Weixing 卫星 , ZHUANG 庄 Ge 革 , LIU 刘 Wandong 万东
Published: November 2023

A multi-channel polarimeter–interferometer has been developed on the Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) for the study of equilibrium dynamics and internal magnetic fluctuations. A three-wave technique based on terahertz solid-state sources (~650 GHz) is applied for simultaneous measurements of electron density and Faraday rotation angle. The output power of the microwave source is 2 mW. Faraday rotation effect using a rotating wave plate is tested with phase noise less than 0.8°, and the density phase noise is less than 0.9°. Measurement of Faraday rotation angle and density for discharges on KTX have demonstrated high sensitivity to internal MHD activities.
Gyrokinetic simulation of magnetic-island-induced electric potential vortex mode
Authors: WANG 王 Feng 丰 , LI 李 Jiquan 继全 , QU 曲 Hongpeng 洪鹏 , PENG 彭 Xiaodong 晓东
Published: November 2023

Ion temperature gradient (ITG)-driven turbulence with embedded static magnetic islands is simulated by utilizing a gyrokinetic theory-based global turbulence transport code (GKNET) in this work. Different from the traditional equilibrium circular magnetic-surface average (EMSA) method, an advanced algorithm that calculates the perturbed magnetic-surface average (PMSA) of the electric potential has been developed to precisely deal with the zonal flow component in a non-circular magnetic surface perturbed by magnetic islands. Simulations show that the electric potential vortex structure inside islands induced by the magnetic islands is usually of odd parity when using the EMSA method. It is found that the odd symmetry vortex can transfer into an even one after a steep zonal flow gradient, i.e. the flow shear has been built in the vicinity of the magnetic islands by adopting the PMSA algorithm. The phase of the potential vortex in the poloidal cross section is coupled with the zonal flow shear. Such an electric potential vortex mode may be of essential importance in wide topics, such as the turbulence spreading across magnetic islands, neoclassical tearing mode physics, and also the interaction dynamics between the micro-turbulence and MHD activities.
Clock synchronization with pulsed single photon sources
Authors: Spiess Christopher , Steinlechner Fabian
Published: November 2023

Photonic quantum technology requires precise, time-resolved identification of photodetection events. In distributed quantum networks with spatially separated and drifting time references, achieving high precision is particularly challenging. Here we build on recent advances of using single-photons for time transfer and employ and quantify a fast postprocessing scheme designed to pulsed single-photon sources. We achieve an average root mean square synchronization jitter of 3.0 ps. The stability is comparable to systems with Rb vapor cell clocks with 19 ps at 1 s integration time, in terms of Allan time deviation. Remarkably, our stability is even better than classical high-precision time transfer, like the White Rabbit protocol, although we use significantly less signal (single-photon level). Our algorithms allow local processing of the data and do not affect the secure key rate. It compensates substantial clock imperfections from crystal oscillators and we foresee great potential for low signal scenarios. The findings are naturally suited to quantum communication networks and provide simultaneous time transfer without adding hardware or modifying the single-photon sources.
Miniature-scale elastocaloric cooling by rubber-based foils
Authors: Ludwig Carina , Leutner Jan , Prucker Oswald , Rühe Jürgen , Kohl Manfred
Published: November 2023

We report on the design and characterization of a demonstrator device for miniature-scale elastocaloric (eC) cooling using a series of natural rubber (NR) foil specimens of 9 × 26.5 mm2 lateral size and thicknesses in the range of 290–900 μm. NR has the potential to meet the various challenges associated with eC cooling, as it exhibits a large adiabatic temperature change in the order of 20 K and high fatigue resistance under dynamic load, while loading forces are low. Owing to the large surface-to-volume ratio of rubber-based foils, heat transfer to heat sink and source elements is accomplished by mechanical contact enabling compact designs. Two actuators are implemented to control the performance in loading direction independent from the performance of mechanical contacting. The study of operation parameters is complemented by lumped-element modeling to understand the cycle frequency-dependent dynamics of heat transfer and resulting cooling capacity. The single-stage device operates in the strain range of 300%–700% and exhibits a temperature span up to 4.1 K, while the specific cooling power reaches 1.1 Wg−1 and the absolute cooling power 123 mW. The performance metrics show a pronounced dependence on foil thickness and heat transfer coefficient indicating a path toward future device optimization.
Harnessing data augmentation to quantify uncertainty in the early estimation of single-photon source quality
Authors: Kedziora David Jacob , Musiał Anna , Rudno-Rudziński Wojciech , Gabrys Bogdan
Published: November 2023

Novel methods for rapidly estimating single-photon source (SPS) quality have been promoted in recent literature to address the expensive and time-consuming nature of experimental validation via intensity interferometry. However, the frequent lack of uncertainty discussions and reproducible details raises concerns about their reliability. This study investigates the use of data augmentation, a machine learning technique, to supplement experimental data with bootstrapped samples and quantify the uncertainty of such estimates. Eight datasets obtained from measurements involving a single InGaAs/GaAs epitaxial quantum dot serve as a proof-of-principle example. Analysis of one of the SPS quality metrics derived from efficient histogram fitting of the synthetic samples, i.e. the probability of multi-photon emission events, reveals significant uncertainty contributed by stochastic variability in the Poisson processes that describe detection rates. Ignoring this source of error risks severe overconfidence in both early quality estimates and claims for state-of-the-art SPS devices. Additionally, this study finds that standard least-squares fitting is comparable to using a Poisson likelihood, and expanding averages show some promise for early estimation. Also, reducing background counts improves fitting accuracy but does not address the Poisson-process variability. Ultimately, data augmentation demonstrates its value in supplementing physical experiments; its benefit here is to emphasise the need for a cautious assessment of SPS quality.
Acalypha ostryifolia: a natural refuge for Chloridea virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Southern United States
Authors: Allen K Clint , Elkins Blake H , Little Nathan S
Published: November 2023

The tobacco budworm, Chloridea virescens (F.), and corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (heliothines), have had a long-intertwined relationship with respect to their importance as pests in agricultural production systems. Previous studies have examined the impacts of early-season wild host plants on local population density and distribution of these 2 insects on cultivated crops such as cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and soybean, Glycine max L. Additional studies have examined the importance of wild host plants, which act as a refuge of nonexposed populations of C. virescens and H. zea to insecticidal toxins from the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner. The current study examined hophornbeam copperleaf, Acalypha ostryifolia Riddell, as a host plant for mid-late season populations of C. virescens and H. zea. Patches of A. ostryifolia were sampled along roadsides and the edges of fields from 2014 to 2020 in Mississippi, USA, to examine larval density, species composition, and parasitism of heliothines on this wild host plant. Insects were collected from the end of June through October. The largest densities (based on the number of caterpillars per sweep) of heliothines were over one larva per sweep. Overall, 49.5% of the collected caterpillars were determined to be tobacco budworms, while 50.5% were corn earworms. Parasitism rates ranged from approximately 1–30%, increasing throughout the season. In general, densities of heliothines encountered on A. ostryifolia were greater than densities reported for other wild host plants. Hophornbeam copperleaf is an important natural refuge for both heliothines from Bt toxins and synthetic insecticide applications.
Climate and Gender: Association Between Droughts and Intimate Partner Violence in India
Authors: Dehingia Nabamallika , McDougal Lotus , Silverman Jay G , Reed Elizabeth , Urada Lianne , McAuley Julian , Singh Abhishek , Raj Anita
Published: November 2023

Extreme climate events are related to women’s exposure to different forms of violence. We examined the relationship between droughts and physical, sexual, and emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) in India by using 2 different definitions of drought: precipitation-based drought and socioeconomic drought. We analyzed data from 2 rounds of a nationally representative survey, the National Family Health Survey, where married women were asked about their experiences of IPV in the previous year (2015–2016 and 2019–2021; n = 122,696). Precipitation-based drought was estimated using remote sensing data and geographic information system (GIS) mapping, while socioeconomic drought status was collected from government records. Logistic regression models showed precipitation-based drought to increase the risk of experiencing physical IPV and emotional IPV. Similar findings were observed for socioeconomic drought; women residing in areas classified as drought-impacted by the government were more likely to report physical IPV, sexual IPV, and emotional IPV. These findings support the growing body of evidence regarding the relationship between climate change and women’s vulnerability, and highlight the need for gender responsive strategies for disaster management and preparedness.
Dispersal from Africa to the Neotropics was followed by multiple transitions across Neotropical biomes facilitated by frugivores
Authors: Lopes Jenifer C , Fonseca Luiz Henrique M , Johnson David M , Luebert Federico , Murray Nancy , Nge Francis J , Rodrigues-Vaz Carlos , Soulé Vincent , Onstein Renske E , Lohmann Lúcia G , Couvreur Thomas L P
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim

Plant disjunctions have fascinated biogeographers and ecologists for a long time. We use tribe Bocageeae (Annonaceae), a predominantly Neotropical plant group distributed across several present-day Neotropical biomes and with an African–American disjunction, to investigate long-distance dispersal mediated by frugivorous animals at both intercontinental and intracontinental scales.

Methods

We reconstructed a species-level phylogeny of tribe Bocageeae with a dataset composed of 116 nuclear markers. We sampled 70 % of Bocageeae species, covering their geographical range and representing all eight genera. We estimated divergence times using BEAST, inferred ancestral range distributions and reconstructed ancestral states for fruit traits related to long-distance dispersal in a Bayesian framework.

Key Results

The ancestral Bocageeae date to the Early Eocene and were inferred to occur in Africa and proto-Amazonia. Their ancestral fruits were large and dehiscent. The first lineage split gave rise to an exclusively Neotropical clade during the Middle Eocene, in proto-Amazonia. Range exchange between the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest occurred at least once during the Miocene, and from Amazonia to Central America and Mexico during the Early Miocene. Transitions in different sets of fruit morphologies were inferred to be related to dispersal events across South American regions/biomes.

Conclusions

In Bocageeae, mammals might have been responsible for long-distance dispersal through the Boreotropics. In the Neotropics, proto-Amazonia is proposed to be the source for dispersal to other tropical American biomes. Long-distance dispersal might have happened via a wide range of dispersal guilds, depending on frugivore radiations, diversity and abundance in particular time periods and places. Hence, inter- and intracontinental dispersal might not rely on a single dispersal syndrome or guild, but more on the availability of frugivorous lineages for seed dispersal.
Toward precision brain health: accurate prediction of a cognitive index trajectory using neuroimaging metrics
Authors: Spence Jeffrey S , Turner Monroe P , Rypma Bart , D’Esposito Mark , Chapman Sandra Bond
Published: November 2023

The goal of precision brain health is to accurately predict individuals’ longitudinal patterns of brain change. We trained a machine learning model to predict changes in a cognitive index of brain health from neurophysiologic metrics. A total of 48 participants (ages 21–65) completed a sensorimotor task during 2 functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions 6 mo apart. Hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) were parameterized using traditional (amplitude, dispersion, latency) and novel (curvature, canonicality) metrics, serving as inputs to a neural network model that predicted gain on indices of brain health (cognitive factor scores) for each participant. The optimal neural network model successfully predicted substantial gain on the cognitive index of brain health with 90% accuracy (determined by 5-fold cross-validation) from 3 HRF parameters: amplitude change, dispersion change, and similarity to a canonical HRF shape at baseline. For individuals with canonical baseline HRFs, substantial gain in the index is overwhelmingly predicted by decreases in HRF amplitude. For individuals with non-canonical baseline HRFs, substantial gain in the index is predicted by congruent changes in both HRF amplitude and dispersion. Our results illustrate that neuroimaging measures can track cognitive indices in healthy states, and that machine learning approaches using novel metrics take important steps toward precision brain health.
Constructing high frequency economic indicators by imputation
Authors: Ng Serena , Scanlan Susannah
Published: November 2023

Monthly and weekly economic indicators are often taken to be the largest common factor estimated from high and low frequency data, either separately or jointly. To incorporate mixed frequency information without directly modelling them, we target a low frequency diffusion index that is already available, and treat high frequency values as missing. We impute these values using multiple factors estimated from the high frequency data. In the empirical examples considered, static matrix completion that does not account for serial correlation in the idiosyncratic errors yields imprecise estimates of the missing values irrespective of how the factors are estimated. Single equation and systems-based dynamic procedures that account for serial correlation yield imputed values that are closer to the observed low frequency ones. This is the case in the counterfactual exercise that imputes the monthly values of consumer sentiment series before 1978 when the data was released only on a quarterly basis. This is also the case for a weekly version of the Chicago Fed National Activity Index of economic activity that is imputed using seasonally unadjusted data. The imputed series reveals episodes of increased variability of weekly economic information that are masked by the monthly data, notably around the 2014–2015 collapse in oil prices.
Lichen-associated microbial members are prevalent in the snow microbiome of a sub-arctic alpine tundra
Authors: Touchette D , Gostinčar C , Whyte L G , Altshuler I
Published: November 2023

Snow is the largest component of the cryosphere, with its cover and distribution rapidly decreasing over the last decade due to climate warming. It is imperative to characterize the snow (nival) microbial communities to better understand the role of microorganisms inhabiting these rapidly changing environments. Here, we investigated the core nival microbiome, the cultivable microbial members, and the microbial functional diversity of the remote Uapishka mountain range, a massif of alpine sub-arctic tundra and boreal forest. Snow samples were taken over a two-month interval along an altitude gradient with varying degree of anthropogenic traffic and vegetation cover. The core snow alpine tundra/boreal microbiome, which was present across all samples, constituted of Acetobacterales, Rhizobiales and Acidobacteriales bacterial orders, and of Mycosphaerellales and Lecanorales fungal orders, with the dominant fungal taxa being associated with lichens. The snow samples had low active functional diversity, with Richness values ranging from 0 to 19.5. The culture-based viable microbial enumeration ranged from 0 to 8.05 × 103 CFUs/mL. We isolated and whole-genome sequenced five microorganisms which included three fungi, one alga, and one potentially novel bacterium of the Lichenihabitans genus; all of which appear to be part of lichen-associated taxonomic clades.
Predicting Exercise Behavior Among Caregivers of Persons With Dementia—A Longitudinal Investigation Using an Extended Health Belief Model
Authors: Kaushal Navin , Noriega de la Colina Adrián , Keith NiCole R , Nemati Donya
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives

Family caregivers of persons with dementia face an elevated risk of several chronic illnesses compared to their noncaregiver counterparts. Although exercise is a strong preventive measure for several debilitating health conditions, longitudinal research guided by theoretical frameworks has not identified how behavioral determinants predict exercise among caregivers. This study aimed to investigate how intrapersonal exercise determinants contribute to caregivers’ exercise participation while accounting for social-contextual factors, including perceived caregiving burden and pandemic-related distress, by employing an extended Health Belief Model.

Research Design and Methods

The study was a longitudinal observational design. Community-dwelling older adult family caregivers of individuals with dementia (n = 127) were recruited with the support of a nonprofit organization. Participants completed measures of the Health Belief Model that also included dual process constructs (intention and habit), along with caregiving burden, pandemic-related distress, and exercise behavior across three consecutive months. Data were analyzed using a multilevel structural equation model with participants (Level 2) nested within time (Level 1).

Results

The model revealed direct effects of caregiving burden that debilitate perceived behavioral control, attitudes, threats, and worsen burden, in addition to hampering intention and habit when accounting for total effects. Pandemic-related distress exacerbated caregiving burden and weakened Health Belief Model constructs via total effects.

Discussion and Implications

These findings inform constructs to develop a community-based education program for family caregivers to successfully adopt and maintain exercise behavior. Incorporating supportive resources and coping strategies for caregivers of persons with dementia is needed to address the effects of behavioral deterrents.
Full-waveform simulation of DAS records, response and cable-ground coupling
Authors: Celli Nicolas L , Bean Christopher J , O'Brien Gareth S
Published: November 2023

Over the past several years, the use of optical fibre cables as ground motion sensors has become a central topic for seismologists, with successful applications of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in various key fields such as seismic monitoring, structural imaging and source characterization. DAS response is a combination of both instrument response and cable-ground coupling, with the latter having a strong, spatially variable, but yet largely unquantified effect. This limits the application of a large number of staple seismological techniques (e.g. earthquake magnitude estimation, waveform tomography) that can require accurate knowledge of a signal's amplitude and frequency content. Here we present a method for accurately simulating a DAS cable and its ground coupling. The scheme is based on molecular dynamic-like particle-based numerical modelling, allowing the investigation of the effect of varying DAS-ground coupling scenarios. We start by computing the full strain field directly, for each pair of neighbouring particles in the model. We then define a virtual DAS cable, embedded within the model and formed by a single string of interconnected particles. This allows us to control all aspects of the cable-ground coupling and their properties at an effective granular level through changing the bond stiffness and bond types (e.g. non-linearity) for both the cable and the surrounding medium. Arbitrary cable geometries and heterogeneous materials can be accommodated at the desired scale of investigation. We observe that at the meter scale, the cable-ground coupling and local site effects can substantially alter the recorded signal. We find that the stiffness of the thin layer of material to which the cable is coupled has the strongest effects, selectively amplifying portions of the wave train and contributing to substantial phase delays. These differences show that cable coupling and local site effects should be considered both when designing a DAS deployment and analysing its data when either true or along-cable relative amplitudes and/or frequencies are considered. The codes developed herein for calculating full waveform DAS responses and coupling are made publicly available.
Enhancing the resilience of blue foods to climate shocks using insurance
Authors: Watson James R , Spillman Claire M , Little L Richard , Hobday Alistair J , Levin Phillip S
Published: November 2023

For the Blue Foods economy—those sectors that gain value from the biological productivity of the oceans such as fisheries and aquaculture—climate shocks pose an existential threat. Species range shifts, harmful algal blooms, marine heatwaves, low oxygen events, coral bleaching, and hurricanes all present a serious economic risk to these industries, and yet there exist few financial tools for managing these risks. This contrasts with agriculture, where financial tools such as insurance are widely available for managing numerous weather-related shocks. Designing financial tools to aid risk management, such as insurance, for equitable resilience against marine climate shocks will give coastal communities access to the necessary means for reducing their sensitivity to climate shocks and improving their long-term adaptive capacity. We suggest that a convergence of the insurance industry and marine sectors, fostered through collaboration with governments, academics, and NGOs will help usher in new forms of insurance, such as ocean-index or parametric insurance. These new risk-management tools have the potential to help incentivize sustainable use of living marine resources, as well as strengthening the economic resilience of coastal communities to climate change.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospitalization in Adults With Comorbidities in 2 European Countries: A Modeling Study
Authors: Osei-Yeboah Richard , Johannesen Caroline Klint , Egeskov-Cavling Amanda Marie , Chen Junru , Lehtonen Toni , Fornes Arantxa Urchueguía , Paget John , Fischer Thea K , Wang Xin , Nair Harish , Campbell Harry
Published: November 2023

Background

Individuals with comorbidities are at increased risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We estimated RSV-associated respiratory hospitalization among adults aged ≥45 years with comorbidities in Denmark and Scotland.

Methods

By analyzing national hospital and virologic data, we estimated annual RSV-associated hospitalizations by 7 selected comorbidities and ages between 2010 and 2018. We estimated rate ratios of RSV-associated hospitalization for adults with comorbidity than the overall population.

Results

In Denmark, annual RSV–associated hospitalization rates per 1000 adults ranged from 3.1 for asthma to 19.4 for chronic kidney disease (CKD). In Scotland, rates ranged from 2.4 for chronic liver disease to 9.0 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In both countries, we found a 2- to 4-fold increased risk of RSV hospitalization for adults with COPD, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes; a 1.5- to 3-fold increased risk for asthma; and a 3- to 7-fold increased risk for CKD. RSV hospitalization rates among adults aged 45 to 64 years with COPD, asthma, ischemic heart disease, or CKD were higher than the overall population.

Conclusions

This study provides important evidence for identifying risk groups and assisting health authorities in RSV vaccination policy making.
Aid coordination through competition? Unintended consequences of China–Japan rivalry in foreign aid policy in Asia
Authors: Hoshiro Hiroyuki
Published: November 2023

The power struggle between China and Japan in Asia continues, with their political confrontations extending to foreign aid rivalry. While Japan used to dominate in foreign aid in the region, China has overtaken it with its infrastructure assistance. No formal regional aid and development framework has yet been developed here. However, this article argues that unintentional donor coordination between China and Japan has been realized. The aid provided by the two does not overlap as each country tends to focus on a limited number of recipients, and a natural division of labor originates. Why has their rivalry resulted in aid coordination? This article answers the question by examining the behaviors of Japanese and Chinese aid and finding that, ironically, it is their shared interest in economic infrastructure aid that creates such a situation.
Becoming Imperial Brands: Japanese Advertising in Colonial Korea, 1920–1932
Authors: Chun Yongkeun
Published: November 2023

This article explores the expansion of advertisements by Japanese consumer goods brands in Korea during the Japanese colonial period (1910–1945), focusing on the 1920s and early 1930s. It adopts the “colonial modernity” approach to examine Japanese advertising in Korea as an interface between Japanese and Korean non-state actors. It also uses transnational design history to investigate, more empirically, how these actors, such as manufacturers, consumers, advertising agencies, retailers, newspaper companies, practitioners, and the colonial government, contributed to the expansion and change of Japanese advertisements. It studies the cases of three Japanese brands, Morinaga (confectionery), Lion (toothpaste), and Ajinomoto (artificial seasoning), analyzing their advertisements and examining written records from the companies’ archives, their histories, and contemporary publications. By doing so it uncovers the negotiations, challenges, and tensions among the various actors involved in the Japanese brands’ advertising in Korea. The article argues that colonial modernity around Japanese advertising design was formed between or across Korea and Japan, by both Koreans and Japanese, and that through this gradual process of interaction and adaptation Japanese “national brands” transformed themselves into “imperial brands.”
From Oral Tradition to Digital Archive: New Primary Sources for the Study of Baul Traditions
Authors: Lorea Carola
Published: November 2023

Practitioners’ notebooks and personal letters are neglected items that deserve attention in the study of ritual and performance traditions, especially if these can be complemented with oral–aural sources. This article presents some features of an unexplored archive of new sources for the study of Baul songs and popular religious movements in Bengal by introducing and complementing the data contained in the digital archive called ‘Songs of the Old Madmen’ (EAP1247, British Library), comprising notebooks of Baul songs and correspondence between an influential Bengali guru and his disciple. I highlight three aspects. (i) The notebook as archive and metadata of Baul performances. (ii) Emic notions of authorship and cultural ownership. (iii) The contextualisation of the digital archive within the history of representation of the Baul tradition. Embedded in such context, this digital archive provides a nuanced and intimate picture where Baul practitioners emerge as neither the lonely minstrels lauded by Rabindranath Tagore, nor as the antinomian materialists portrayed in more recent scholarship on Bauls. Questioning the politics of cultural representation of digital archives, this article integrates oral histories and ethnographic sources collected during fieldwork in West Bengal that are inextricably part of the material digitised through remote capture.
Concurrent kink and sausage waves in a crescent-shaped structure over a limb prominence
Authors: Ghiasi Maryam , Dadashi Neda , Ebadi Hossein
Published: November 2023

A Crescent-shaped prominence Structure (CS) over the solar west limb is studied using Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) Imaging Spectrometer/Hinode and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA)/Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). First, the time-varying positions of the top and bottom borders of the CS, along with its central axis, are derived. Time evolutions of the Doppler shifts and line width of Fe xii 195.119 line are studied over the CS borders. Transverse kink oscillations are observed both in the solar-Y direction and in the Doppler shifts over the observers’ line of sight (LOS). One explanation could be that the oscillatory direction of the main kink wave build an angle with the observers’ LOS. This angle is calculated to be equal to 27° for the CS top border. The main kink amplitude velocity and periods are obtained to be 5.3 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$ and 33.4 min, respectively. The anticorrelation observed between the brightness and thickness of the CS (with −178.1°) suggests the presence of sausage modes with periods of 20.8 min. Based on the AIA imaging, it is suggested that the occurred jets and their afterwards dimming are responsible to trigger the sausage mode. The average electron densities of the CS over the time of the study are obtained to be log($n_\mathrm{ e}$) = 9.3 $\mathrm{ cm}^{-3}$. The Alfvén velocity, magnetic field, and energy flux of the observed fast kink mode over the CS are estimated to be 16.7 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$, 2.79 $\rm G$, and 41.93 $\rm W\,m^{-2}$, respectively. Considering the magnetic flux conservation inside the CS, expanding the CS cross-section causes the magnetic field to decay with the rate of $\rm 4.95 \times 10^{-4} \ G\,s^{-1}$.