bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal batteries based on inverse barocaloric effects
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Li Kuo , Lin Shangchao , Song Ruiqi , Yu Dehong , Wang Yida , Wang Jingfan , Kawaguchi Shogo , Zhang Zhao , Yu Chenyang , Li Xiaodong , Chen Jie , He Lunhua , Mole Richard , Yuan Bao , Ren Qingyong , Qian Kun , Cai Zhuangli , Yu Jingui , Wang Mingchao , Zhao Changying , Tong Xin , Zhang Zhidong , Li Bing
Published: February 2023

To harvest and reuse low-temperature waste heat, we propose and realize an emergent concept—barocaloric thermal batteries based on the large inverse barocaloric effect of ammonium thiocyanate (NH
4
SCN). Thermal charging is initialized upon pressurization through an order-to-disorder phase transition, and the discharging of 43 J g
−1
takes place at depressurization, which is 11 times more than the input mechanical energy. The thermodynamic equilibrium nature of the pressure-restrained heat-carrying phase guarantees stable long-duration storage. The barocaloric thermal batteries reinforced by their solid microscopic mechanism are expected to substantially advance the ability to take advantage of waste heat.
Solid state–like high harmonic generation from cluster molecules with rotational periodicities
Authors: Peng Yigeng , Wu Tong , Yuan Guanglu , Chi Lihan , Jiang Shicheng , Dorfman Konstantin , Yu Chao , Lu Ruifeng
Published: February 2023

High harmonic generation (HHG) from solid-state crystals in strong laser fields has been understood by the band structure of the solids, which is based on the periodic boundary condition (PBC) due to translational invariance. For the systems with PBC due to rotational invariance, an analogous Bloch theorem can be applied. Considering a ring-type cluster of cyclo[18]carbon as an example, we develop a quasi-band model and predict the solid state–like HHG in this system. Under the irradiation of linearly polarized laser field, cyclo[18]carbon exhibits solid state–like HHG originated from intraband oscillations and interband transitions, which, in turn, is promising to optically detect the symmetry and geometry of molecular or material structures. Our results based on the Liouville–von Neumann equations are well reproduced by the time-dependent density functional theory calculations and are foundational in providing a connection linking the HHG physics of gases and solids.
Outcomes to 5 years of outborn versus inborn infants <32 weeks in Western Australia: a cohort study of infants born between 2005 and 2018
Authors: Davis Jonathan W , Seeber C E , Nathan Elizabeth A , Strunk Tobias , Gill Andy , Sharp Mary
Published: February 2023

Objective

We compared mortality and morbidity of inborn versus outborn very preterm infants <32 weeks’ gestation in Western Australia (WA) between 2005 and 2018.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Patients

Infants <32 weeks’ gestation who were born in WA.

Main outcome measures

Mortality was assessed as death before discharge home from the tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Short-term morbidities included combined brain injury (intracranial haemorrhage grade ≥3 and cystic periventricular leukomalacia) and other major neonatal outcomes. Developmental assessments at age 2, 3 and 5 years were evaluated. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis of outborn status on outcomes, controlling for gestational age, birth weight z-score, sex and multiple birth.

Results

A total of 4974 infants were born in WA between 22 and 32 weeks’ gestation between 2005 and 2018 of which 4237 (89.6%) were inborn and 443 (10.4%) were outborn. Overall mortality to discharge was higher in outborn infants (20.5% (91/443) vs 7.4% (314/4237); adjusted OR (aOR) 2.44, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.70, p<0.001). Outborn infants had higher rates of combined brain injury than those inborn (10.7% (41/384) vs 6.0% (246/4115); aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.86), p<0.001). No difference in up to 5-year developmental measures was detected. Follow-up data were available for 65% of outborn and 79% of inborn infants.

Conclusions

Outborn preterm infants <32 weeks in WA had increased odds of mortality and combined brain injury than those inborn. Developmental outcomes up to 5 years were similar between groups. Loss to follow-up may have impacted the long-term comparison.
Reduced athletic performance post-COVID-19 is associated with reduced anaerobic threshold
Authors: Barker-Davies Robert M , Ladlow Peter , Chamley Rebecca , Nicol Edward , Holdsworth David A
Published: February 2023

Detailed characterisation of cardiopulmonary limitations in patients post-COVID-19 is currently limited, particularly in elite athletes. A male elite distance runner in his late 30s experienced chest pain following confirmed COVID-19. He underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) at 5 months postacute illness. Subjective exercise tolerance was reduced compared with normal, he described inability to ‘kick’ (rapidly accelerate). His CPET was compared with an identical protocol 15 months prior to COVID-19. While supranormal maximal oxygen uptake was maintained (155% of peak predicted V̇O2) anaerobic threshold (AT), a better predictor of endurance performance, reduced from 84% to 71% predicted peak V̇O2maximum. Likewise, fat oxidation at AT reduced by 21%, from 0.35 to 0.28 g/min. Focusing exclusively on V̇O2maximum risks missing an impairment of oxidative metabolism. Reduced AT suggests a peripheral disorder of aerobic metabolism. This finding may result from virally mediated mitochondrial dysfunction beyond normal ‘deconditioning’, associated with impaired fat oxidation.
Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy: should we preserve the pectoral fascia? Protocol of a Dutch double blinded, prospective, randomised controlled pilot study with a within-subject design (PROFAS)
Authors: Clarijs Marloes E , van Egdom Laurentine S E , Verhoef Cornelis , Vasilic Dalibor , Koppert Linetta B
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) in women with a high risk of developing breast cancer has shown to provide the greatest risk reduction. Many surgical guidelines recommend the removal of the pectoral fascia (PF) in mastectomies; however, there is no evidence to support this statement. Reported wound-related complications following mastectomy include seroma, flap necrosis, infection and haematoma. Seroma causes discomfort and may delay the reconstructive procedures. Whether removal or preservation of the PF influences drain volume, seroma formation and other postoperative complications following BPM remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of removal versus preservation of the PF on drain policy and seroma after BPM.

Methods and analysis

This is a double blinded, prospective, randomised controlled pilot study with a within-subject design. The inclusion criteria are women >18 years, presenting in the Academic Breast Cancer Centre Rotterdam, who are opting for BPM. Patients with a history or diagnosis of breast cancer are excluded. According to the sample size calculation based on the difference in total drain volume, a number of 21 eligible patients will be included. Randomisation will occur within the patient, which means PF preservation in one breast and PF removal in the contralateral breast. The primary study endpoint is total drainage volume. Secondary study outcomes include time to drain removal, number of needle aspirations, postoperative complications and length of hospital stay.

Ethics and dissemination

The study is approved by the Erasmus Medical Center Review Board (REC 2020–0431). Results will be presented during international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed academic journal.

Trial registration number

NCT05391763; clinicaltrials.gov
‘If there is joy… I think it can work well’: a qualitative study investigating relationship factors impacting HIV self-testing acceptability among pregnant women and male partners in Uganda
Authors: Naughton Brienna , Bulterys Michelle A , Mugisha Jackson , Mujugira Andrew , Boyer Jade , Celum Connie , Weiner Bryan , Sharma Monisha
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Secondary distribution of HIV self-test (HIVST) kits from pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) to their male partners is shown to increase HIV couples testing and disclosure, and is being scaled up in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding couples-level barriers and facilitators influencing HIVST uptake is critical to designing strategies to optimise intervention coverage.

Design

To investigate these couples-level barriers and facilitiators, we conducted focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Transcripts were analysed thematically and the interdependence model of communal coping and health behaviour change was adapted to explore factors impacting HIVST acceptability.

Setting

We recruited pregnant women attending two public ANC clinics in Kampala, Uganda, and male partners of pregnant women between April 2019 and February 2020.

Participants

We conducted gender-stratified focus group discussions (N=14) and in-depth interviews (N=10) with pregnant women with and without HIV attending ANC, and male partners of pregnant women (N=122 participants).

Intervention

We evaluated pregnant women’s and male partners’ perceptions of HIVST secondary distribution in Uganda, leveraging the interdependence model of communal coping and health behaviour change.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Key areas of focus included HIVST interest and acceptability, perspectives on HIV status disclosure to partners and gender roles.

Results

Participants felt that predisposing factors, including trust, communication, fear of partner and infidelity, would influence women’s decisions to deliver HIVST kits to partners, and subsequent communal coping behaviours such as couples HIV testing and disclosure. Pregnancy was described as a critical motivator for men’s HIVST uptake, while HIV status of pregnant women was influential in couples’ communal coping and health-enhancing behaviours. Generally, participants felt HIV-negative women would be more likely to deliver HIVST, while women with HIV would be more hesitant due to concerns about discovery of serodifference and relationship dissolution. Participants stressed the importance of counsellor availability throughout the process including guidance on how women should approach their partners regarding HIVST and post-test support in case of a positive test.

Conclusions

HIV-negative women in relationships with positive predisposing factors may be most likely to deliver HIVST and leverage interdependent coping behaviours. Women with HIV or those in relationships with negative predisposing factors may benefit from targeted counselling and disclosure support before and after HIVST kit distribution. Results can help support policy guidelines for HIVST kit distribution.
Segmentation analysis of the unvaccinated US adult population 2 years into the COVID-19 pandemic, 1 December 2021 to 7 February 2022
Authors: Agaku Israel , Adeoye Caleb , Krow Naa Adjeley Anamor , Long Theodore
Published: February 2023

Objective

We performed a segmentation analysis of the unvaccinated adult US population to identify sociodemographic and psychographic characteristics of those who were vaccine accepting, vaccine unsure and vaccine averse.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

Nationally representative, web-based survey.

Participants

211 303 participants aged ≥18 years were asked in the Household Pulse Survey conducted during 1 December 2021 to 7 February 2022, whether they had ever received a COVID-19 vaccine. Those answering ‘No’ were asked their receptivity to the vaccine and their responses were categorised as vaccine averse, unsure and accepting. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) were calculated in separate multivariable Poisson regression models to evaluate the correlation of the three vaccine dispositions.

Results

Overall, 15.2% of US adults were unvaccinated during 1 December 2021 to 7 February 2022, ranging from 5.8% in District of Columbia to 29.0% in Wyoming. Of the entire unvaccinated population nationwide, 51.0% were vaccine averse, 35.0% vaccine unsure and 14.0% vaccine accepting. The likelihood of vaccine aversion was higher among those self-employed (APR=1.11, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.22) or working in a private company (APR=1.09, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.17) than those unemployed; living in a detached, single-family house than in a multiunit apartment (APR=1.15, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.26); and insured by Veterans Affairs/Tricare than uninsured (APR=1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47). Reasons for having not yet received a vaccine differed among those vaccine accepting, unsure and averse. The percentage reporting logistical or access-related barriers to getting a vaccine (eg, difficulty getting a vaccine, or perceived cost of the vaccine) was relatively higher than those vaccine accepting. Those vaccine unsure reported the highest prevalence of barriers related to perceived safety/effectiveness, including wanting to ‘wait and see’ if the vaccines were safe (45.2%) and uncertainty whether the vaccines would be effective in protecting them from COVID-19 (29.6%). Those vaccine averse reported the highest prevalence for barriers pertaining to lack of trust in the government or in the vaccines (50.1% and 57.5% respectively), the perception that COVID-19 was not that big of a threat (32.2%) and the perception that they did not need a vaccine (42.3%).

Conclusions

The unvaccinated segment of the population is not a monolith, and a substantial segment may still get vaccinated if constraining factors are adequately addressed.
Inflammatory proteomics profiling for prediction of incident atrial fibrillation
Authors: Börschel Christin S , Ortega-Alonso Alfredo , Havulinna Aki S , Jousilahti Pekka , Salmi Marko , Jalkanen Sirpa , Veikko Salomaa , Niiranen Teemu , Schnabel Renate B
Published: February 2023

Objective

Atrial fibrillation (AF) has emerged as a common condition in older adults. Cardiovascular risk factors only explain about 50% of AF cases. Inflammatory biomarkers may help close this gap as inflammation can alter atrial electrophysiology and structure. This study aimed to determine a cytokine biomarker profile for this condition in the community using a proteomics approach.

Methods

This study uses cytokine proteomics in participants of the Finnish population-based FINRISK cohort studies 1997/2002. Risk models for 46 cytokines were developed to predict incident AF using Cox regressions. Furthermore, the association of participants’ C reactive protein (CRP) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations with incident AF was examined.

Results

In 10 744 participants (mean age of 50.9 years, 51.3% women), 1246 cases of incident AF were observed (40.5% women). The main analyses, adjusted for participants’ sex and age, suggested that higher concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (HR=1.11; 95% CI 1.04, 1.17), hepatocyte growth factor (HR=1.12; 95% CI 1.05, 1.19), CRP (HR=1.17; 95% CI 1.10, 1.24) and NT-proBNP (HR=1.58; 95% CI 1.45, 1.71) were associated with increased risk of incident AF. In further clinical variable-adjusted models, only NT-proBNP remained statistically significant.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed NT-proBNP as a strong predictor for AF. Observed associations of circulating inflammatory cytokines were primarily explained by clinical risk factors and did not improve risk prediction. The potential mechanistic role of inflammatory cytokines measured in a proteomics approach remains to be further elucidated.
Gender identity and sexual orientation: a glossary
Authors: Ervin Jennifer , Scovelle Anna , Churchill Brendan , Maheen Humaira , King Tania
Published: February 2023

Gender and sexually diverse populations remain understudied and under-represented in research. This is attributable not only to significant and ongoing data collection limitations, where large population-based studies fail to ask adequate questions around gender and sexuality, but also due to continuously evolving terminology in this space. This glossary takes a preliminary step in rectifying these issues by defining and clarifying the application and understanding of key terms related to gender, gender identity, expression and sexuality. In doing so, this glossary provides a point of reference for understanding key differences in gender and sexually diverse terminology to (1) help guide researchers and practitioners in the use and understanding of terms and (2) facilitate the utility of more respectful, inclusive and consistent language application across the public health arena.
Effect of armor layer on the local scour formation induced by a deeply submerged circular wall jet in confined channels
Authors: Hernandez Homero , Azimi Amir H. , Mostaani Arsalan
Published: February 2023

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted in a confined channel to study the effect of armor layer on the scour formation induced by a deeply submerged circular turbulent wall jet. A wide range of particle sizes was utilized to form an armor layer and the local erosion downstream of a circular wall jet was measured. The time evolution of scour dimensions was recorded and the scour profiles of the mixed bed were compared with the scour profiles of a relatively uniform sand bed with the same average particle size. Three regimes were identified as the initial stage (Regime I), the quasi-steady state (Regime II), and the steady state (Regime III). The characteristic lengths of the scour showed rapid growth at the early stage of scour development and the growth rate decreased until the scour reached the steady-state condition. The effect of armor layer on scour dimensions was pronounced, which significantly reduced the maximum scour depth due to formation of an armor layer. The characteristic parameters affecting the maximum scour depth and width were identified and empirical correlations were introduced for the prediction of scour dimensions. The scour profiles in the mixed bed showed two consecutive scour depths. It was found that the area occupied by the armor layer increased by increasing the Froude number of the jet.
$$B\rho $$-defined isochronous mass spectrometry and mass measurements of $$^{58}$$Ni fragments
Authors: Zhang M. , Zhou X. , Wang M. , Zhang Y. H. , Litvinov Yu. A. , Xu H. S. , Chen R. J. , Deng H. Y. , Fu C. Y. , Ge W. W. , Li H. F. , Liao T. , Litvinov S. A. , Shuai P. , Shi J. Y. , Sidhu R. S. , Song Y. N. , Sun M. Z. , Suzuki S. , Wang Q. , Xing Y. M. , Xu X. , Yamaguchi T. , Yan X. L. , Yang J. C. , Yuan Y. J. , Zeng Q. , Zhou X. H.
Published: February 2023

A novel isochronous mass spectrometry, termed as $$B\rho $$

B
ρ

-defined IMS, has been established at the experimental cooler-storage ring CSRe in Lanzhou. Its potential has been studied through high precision mass measurements of $$^{58}$$

58

Ni projectile fragments. Two time-of-flight detectors were installed in one of the straight sections of CSRe, thus enabling simultaneous measurements of the velocity and the revolution time of each stored short-lived ion. This allows for calculating the magnetic rigidity $$B\rho $$

B
ρ

and the orbit length C of each ion. The accurate $$B\rho (C)$$

B
ρ
(
C
)

function has been constructed, which is a universal calibration curve used to deduce the masses of the stored nuclides. The sensitivity to single stored ions, fast measurement time, and background-free characteristics of the method are ideally suited to address nuclides with very short lifetimes and smallest production yields. In the limiting case of just a single particle, the achieved mass resolving power allows one to determine its mass-over-charge ratio m/q with a remarkable precision of merely $$\sim 5$$

∼
5

 keV. Masses of $$T_z=-3/2$$

T
z

=
-
3
/
2

fp-shell nuclides are re-determined with high accuracy, and the validity of the isospin multiplet mass equation is tested up to the heaviest isospin quartet with $$A=55$$

A
=
55

. The new masses are also used to investigate the mirror symmetry of empirical residual proton-neutron interactions.
Trace anomaly and induced action for a metric-scalar background
Authors: Asorey Manuel , e Silva Wagno Cesar , Shapiro Ilya L. , do Vale Públio R. B.
Published: February 2023

The conformal anomaly and anomaly-induced effective action represent useful and economic ways to describe semiclassical contributions to the action of gravity. We discuss the anomaly in the case when the background is formed by metric and scalar fields and formulate the induced action in two standard covariant forms. The analysis of induced action at low energies reveals existing connection to the renormalization group and effective potential. The classification of anomalous terms is extended to the scalar background and ambiguities in the total derivative terms in the anomaly are considered using Pauli–Villars regularization.
Enhancement of thermoelectric energy harvesting of thermal fluctuations with thermocapillary flows in phase-change materials embedded in metallic foams
Authors: Madruga Santiago
Published: February 2023

We present a complete model of a thermoelectric micro-energy harvester to transform ambient thermal fluctuations into electricity that couples a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to a heat storage unit (HSU) filled by a phase-change material embedded in a metallic foam subjected to convective flows due to the Marangoni effect. Convective heat transfer at the HSU is simulated with the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer bulk equations, a shear stress boundary depending on the porosity, and the phase change with the enthalpy-porosity method. The porous matrix weakens the Marangoni effect by decreasing the surface shear stress while increasing the effective thermal conductivity. Introducing the metallic foam multiplies the efficiency in the transformation between thermal spatial gradients and electric energy with respect to only Marangoni driving. For a heat storage unit of 8 cm $$\times$$
×
1 cm, Darcy number Da $$=10^{-2}$$

=

10

-
2

coupled to a TEG with Seebeck coefficient 0.027, we find that the harvested energy multiplies with respect to a base PCM driving by Marangoni: 3.2 times (23.6 J) for porosity $$\epsilon =0.95$$

ϵ
=
0.95

, 3.9 times (28.4 J) for $$\epsilon =0.9$$

ϵ
=
0.9

, 4.3 times (31 J) for $$\epsilon =0.85$$

ϵ
=
0.85

. Decreasing the permeability augments the resistance to the convective flows and slightly reduces the electric energy generated.
Neutrino masses and mixing in minimal inverse seesaw using A4 modular symmetry
Authors: Gogoi Jotin , Gautam Nayana , Das Mrinal Kumar
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we construct a model with the help of modular symmetry in the framework of minimal inverse seesaw [ISS(2,3)]. We have used [Formula: see text] modular group which is isomorphic to non-Abelian discrete symmetry group [Formula: see text]. In this group, there are three Yukawa modular forms of weight 2. In this model, we study neutrino masses and mixings for both normal and inverted hierarchies. Use of modular symmetry reduces the need for more number of extra flavons and their specific VEV alignments, as such, minimality of the model is maintained to a great extent. Along with [Formula: see text] symmetry group, we have used [Formula: see text] to restrict certain interaction terms in the Lagrangian. Further, we calculate the effective mass to address the phenomena of neutrinoless double-beta decay ([Formula: see text]). The values of effective mass are found to lie within the bound ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]eV) as predicted by different [Formula: see text] experiments.
Magnetic SWCNT–Ag/H2O nanofluid flow over cone with volumetric heat generation
Authors: Pandey Alok Kumar , Upreti Himanshu , Uddin Ziya
Published: February 2023

The theme of this model is to examine the characteristics of heat and mass transfer flow through cone along with volumetric heat generation, variable viscosity, magnetic field and higher-order chemical reaction utilizing SWCNT–Ag/H2O hybrid nanofluid. The transformed partial differential equations are solved by shooting scheme. The numerical outcomes of physical quantities are revealed by graphs and tables. The local Nusselt number and Sherwood number are displayed with the support of bar diagram. The study depicted that an increase in temperature-dependent viscosity parameter for a particular magnetic field induced an increase in the local Nusselt number and Sherwood number. Furthermore, there was a rise in the data of internal heat generation, temperature outlines of hybrid nanofluid escalated while concentration profiles of working fluid depreciated.
Three-dimensional barrier passage of non-Ohmic damping Brownian particles
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Chunyang , Sun Zhaopeng , Shangguan Danhua , Yi Ming
Published: February 2023

The barrier escaping problem of non-Ohmic damping Brownian particles diffusing over the saddle point of a three-dimensional potential energy surface is studied by using the reactive flux method. Analytical expression of the transmission coefficient [Formula: see text] is obtained for the first time to reveal the time-dependent barrier passage of the system. Numerical analyses on the stationary transmission coefficient [Formula: see text] are compared with those obtained in the previous one- and two-dimensional studies. It is found that [Formula: see text] varies non-monotonically with the change of the non-Ohmic exponent [Formula: see text], indicating a similar trend as well as the low-dimensional results. However comparatively, although sometimes it seems to be not the best choice for the particles to accomplish the process of diffusion, the three-dimensional barrier passage is still fairly satisfactory in most cases of the non-Ohmic damping.
Cu-doped NiFe layered double hydroxide nanosheets on nickel foam as an effective and durable electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Xing Junjie , Fu Xiuli
Published: February 2023

Water splitting by electrolysis is an environmentally friendly and promising method to gain hydrogen energy. Since both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process and hydrogen evolution reaction process of electrolysis are kinetically sluggish and need to overcome a large potential barrier, it is imperative, especially for the poor kinetic OER, to explore available electrocatalytic materials. Here, this paper proposed a preparation of copper-doped nickel–iron-layered double hydroxide (NiFeCu LDH) with sheet-like nanostructure arranged perpendicularly to nickel foam matrix (NiFeCu LDH/NF) through a facile hydrothermal process. Benefitting from the combination with nickel foam and doping with copper, the poor conductivity of pure NiFe LDH is remedied and the quantity of exposed catalytic active sites on the electrocatalyst is increased. Hence, the as-prepared NiFeCu LDH/NF possesses outstanding OER catalytic capacity in 1.0[Formula: see text]M KOH, and when applying a mere overpotential of 183[Formula: see text]mV, it can convey a current density of 10[Formula: see text]mA cm[Formula: see text]. Furthermore, both at 10 and 80[Formula: see text]mA cm[Formula: see text], this electrocatalyst could maintain long-term durability at least for 24[Formula: see text]h. In our preparation, a simple approach was applied to bolster the OER catalytic performance of electrocatalysts based on NiFe LDH.
A numerical study of the nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretching surface with Navier slip condition following Corcione model
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad , Shahmir Nazia , Ghazwani Hassan Ali S. , Elmasry Yasser , Bilal Muhammad , Kadry Seifedine
Published: February 2023

The size of nanoparticles influences the viscosity and thermal conductivity of a nanofluid flow. In this exploration, the impacts of the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of the Corcione model on the magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) Cu-water nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretched surface are examined. It is pertinent to mention that the whole scenario is done at 300[Formula: see text]K and the freezing temperatures of 273.15[Formula: see text]K with a particle size of 25[Formula: see text]nm. The Navier slip and convective boundary conditions are assumed at the surface. A homogeneous single-phase model is adopted to formulate the problem. Nonlinear, coupled momentum, and energy balance nondimensionalized ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are constructed with suitable transformations. To solve these ODEs numerically, a renowned bvp4c technique of MATLAB software is employed. The effects of the arising parameters are represented graphically and numerically and are depicted in tables and graphs. It is witnessed that the velocity of the copper-water nanofluid declined with larger estimations of the volume fraction of nanoparticles, although the temperature distribution showed the reverse tendency. Moreover, at the surface for higher values of the slip parameter, the velocity profile reduces and the temperature of the fluid augments for higher values of the Biot number. The validation of the model is also executed by comparing it with the published result in the limiting case. An outstanding correlation is attained.
A battlefield task distribution strategy optimization model based on edge computing
Authors: Yao Yuan , Liu Xinghao , Liu Liubin , Yang Ying , Zhang Meikui
Published: February 2023

The harsh environment of the battlefield challenges the delay and reliability of the cloud computing system composed of soldier terminals and BeiDou satellites. Based on this, this paper focuses on common problems in computational crowdsourcing under multi-agent and proposes a task distribution strategy optimization model based on battlefield edge computing. The process introduces the concept of flow pressure to solve these issues, load balancing and cascading congestion. Flow pressure means multiple servers can communicate and partially offload tasks that exceed the computational load to other servers. The computational overflow problem can be solved by task offloading based on flow pressure. Several different mainstream task allocation strategies are compared through experiments to demonstrate the model’s performance. The experimental results show that the model has lower latency and failure rate and reasonable computational resource occupation, which has a particular theoretical value and reference significance.
Three Approaches for Detecting Direct Output Cheating in Program Online Judge Systems
Authors: Qiu Jing , Shi Chunmei , Lv Yuehua
Published: February 2023

Program online judge (POJ) systems allow students to view questions, submit solution code, and receive scores automatically via the web. Most POJs use test cases for scoring. When a POJ is scored by test case pass rate or a problem that has only one test case, students can usually score by providing the direct output of the test cases (direct output cheating). Currently, there is only one work on detecting such cheating. However, its precision is very low. To solve this problem, three novel approaches are proposed to detect direct output cheating: (i) Line Statistics, which computes the proportion of output calls against other statements; (ii) the control flow graph (CFG) Search computes the maximum similarity between the CFG of a program and that of known samples; (iii) abstract syntax tree (AST) Search identifies cheating by matching rules that are summarized from ASTs of previously detected cheating attempts. A student’s code is marked as cheating if the similarity exceeds a predefined threshold; and a program is detected as cheating if the proportion exceeds a predefined threshold. The proposed approaches and three well-known code plagiarism detection tools (JPlag, Sherlock, and SIM) were evaluated using 100,000 submissions for 1153 problems from a POJ based on the C programming language. The F1 scores of these approaches were determined as 0.9752 (AST Search), 0.9440 (CFG Search), 0.7405 (Line Statistics), 0.6446 (JPlag), 0.1587 (Sherlock), and 0.0076 (SIM), respectively. The result indicates that (i) AST Search is most suitable for the detection of direct output cheating; (ii) traditional code search or plagiarism detection methods based on similarity calculations are not effective for complex cheat detection because these cheats are highly similar to normal code.
A mean field game model of firm-level innovation
Authors: Barker Matt , Degond Pierre , Martin Ralf , Muûls Mirabelle
Published: February 2023

Knowledge spillovers occur when a firm researches a new technology and that technology is adapted or adopted by another firm, resulting in a social value of the technology that is larger than the initially predicted private value. As a result, firms systematically under-invest in research compared with the socially optimal investment strategy. Understanding the level of under-investment, as well as policies to correct it, is an area of active economic research. In this paper, we develop a new model of spillovers, taking inspiration from the available microeconomic data. The model developed is a mean field game model, which allows for heterogeneity in the productivity of a firm and allows for a novel approach to describing sector-level spillovers. The model is constructed from a network of interacting firms, whose connections represent knowledge transfers. We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions to the model, and we conduct some initial simulations to understand how indirect spillovers contribute to the productivity of a sector.
Kinetic modeling of a leader–follower system in crowd evacuation with collective learning
Authors: Liao Jie , Ren Yi’ang , Yan Wenbin
Published: February 2023

A kinetic modeling of crowd evacuation with leaders and followers is considered in this paper, in which the followers may not know the full information about the walking environment and the evacuation strategy, but they follow the leaders and learn the walking strategy to get out of the walking venue. Based on the kinetic theory of active particles, the learning dynamics are considered by introducing an activity variable [Formula: see text], which represents the learning level of the followers and measures how much knowledge a follower has learned about the walking strategy, the walking environment, or the geometry of the walking venue. Several fundamental factors are considered in this leader–follower learning system of crowd evacuation, including: (1) the rational motion of all pedestrians, i.e. the trend to the exit or to a preferred direction, the ability to avoid collisions with walls or obstacles, and the tendency to search for less crowded direction with minimal density gradient, (2) the irrational motion of followers to follow other pedestrians induced by panic, (3) the learning dynamics of the followers who learn the walking strategy during interaction with others, and, (4) the transition from a follower to a leader when one’s activity reaches the highest level of learning. A numerical comparison of a metro platform evacuation with and without learning shows a reasonably good predictive ability of the model that the learning effect plays a significant role in the evacuation dynamics.
A NEW FORM OF L1-PREDICTOR–CORRECTOR SCHEME TO SOLVE MULTIPLE DELAY-TYPE FRACTIONAL ORDER SYSTEMS WITH THE EXAMPLE OF A NEURAL NETWORK MODEL
Authors: KUMAR PUSHPENDRA , ERTURK VEDAT SUAT , MURILLO-ARCILA MARINA , GOVINDARAJ V.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we derive a new version of L1-Predictor–Corrector (L1-PC) method by using some previously given methods (L1-PC for single delay, PC for non-delay, and decomposition algorithm) to solve multiple delay-type fractional differential equations. The Caputo fractional derivative with singular type kernel is used to establish the results. Some important remarks related to the delay term estimation and error analysis are mentioned. In order to check the accuracy and correctness of our method, we solve a neural network system with two delay parameters. A number of graphs are given to justify the role of delays as well as the accuracy of the algorithm. The given method is fully novel and reliable to solve multiple delay type fractional order systems in Caputo sense.
SOME BULLEN-TYPE INEQUALITIES FOR GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL INTEGRALS
Authors: ZHAO DAFANG , ALI MUHAMMAD AAMIR , BUDAK HÜSEYIN , HE ZAI-YIN
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we establish some new Bullen-type inequalities for differentiable convex functions using the generalized fractional integrals. The main advantage of the inequalities and operators used to obtain them is that these inequalities can be turned into some existing inequalities for Riemann integrals and new inequalities for Riemann–Liouville fractional integral inequalities and [Formula: see text]-fractional integrals. Finally, we add some applications of special means of real numbers using the newly established inequalities to make these results more interesting.
A NOVEL COLLECTIVE ALGORITHM USING CUBIC UNIFORM SPLINE AND FINITE DIFFERENCE APPROACHES TO SOLVING FRACTIONAL DIFFUSION SINGULAR WAVE MODEL THROUGH DAMPING-REACTION FORCES
Authors: YAO SHAO-WEN , ARQUB OMAR ABU , TAYEBI SOUMIA , OSMAN M. S. , MAHMOUD W. , INC MUSTAFA , ALSULAMI HAMED
Published: February 2023

Uses of time-fractional diffusion wave model (TFDWM) in its singular case with damping-reaction terms are widely seen in classical physics applications, e.g. for the quantitative measurement of activity diagnoses light-mechanical waves resulting from many physical experiments. The goal and importance of this paper are to predict and build accurate and convincing numerical solutions for TFDWM in its singular version by employing the collective cubic uniform B-spline approach (CUBSA) and standard finite difference approach (SFDA). The fractional Caputo time derivative (FCTD) has been estimated and broken down using SFDT, whilst the standard splines will be utilized upon realizing spatial discretization. To study the prediction error of our approach, some convergence and bound results are given under certain constraints. We demonstrate applications of our collective algorithm to a couple of fractional singular-type models appearing in fluid dynamics and electromagnetics. Detailed analysis, delegate tables, and representative graphs are displayed and offered in different dimensions to handle the crossover meaning for several order values of FCTDs. Some conclusions, observations, recommendations, and future issues were briefly raised in the final section of this paper.
SEMI-ANALYTICAL VIEW OF TIME-FRACTIONAL PDES WITH PROPORTIONAL DELAYS PERTAINING TO INDEX AND MITTAG-LEFFLER MEMORY INTERACTING WITH HYBRID TRANSFORMS
Authors: SHI LEI , RASHID SAIMA , SULTANA SOBIA , KHALID AASMA , AGARWAL PRAVEEN , OSMAN MOHAMED S.
Published: February 2023

This paper focuses on the theoretical and computational investigation of the innovative nonlinear time-fractional PDEs incorporating the Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivatives in the Caputo context using the [Formula: see text]-homotopy analysis transform method (HATM). The expected strategy employs a combination of [Formula: see text]-HATM and the Jafari transform with the assistance of Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative operators to obtain the methodology permits of PDEs with proportional delay. The fractional operators are employed in this research to demonstrate how crucial they are in generalizing frames involving singular and nonsingular kernels. The proposed series of solutions are closely in agreement with an exact solution. Several important challenges can be addressed to illustrate the validity of the proposed method. The outcomes of the proposed framework are displayed and assessed using numerical and graphical outputs. Furthermore, the results of our suggested strategy were compared to earlier outcomes. The proposed method requires less computation and has significantly better performance. Finally, the analysis shows that the enhanced technique is both reliable and meticulous when evaluating the impact of nonlinearities in science and technology.
Optimal Policies on Education Training for Employees Using Maintenance Modeling Aspects
Authors: Yamashita Shigeshi , Kawakami Sho , Khoa Truong Dinh Anh , Ito Kodo
Published: February 2023

Employee training is essential for corporate activities to improve their production efficiency and product quality. The most representative two types of employee training are known, i.e., on-the-job training and off-the-job training. Off-the-job training can be classified into two types, i.e., compulsory training and non-compulsory training. Safety training and compliance are known as compulsory training, and they are needed to ensure that daily work continues without serious problems. Compulsory education is undertaken in a classroom every year by all employees of a department or section. Daily e-learning is effective for complementing and enhancing mandatory education and it helps employees to remember what they have learned during their annual education. In this paper, we discuss optimal employee safety education models that are complemented and enhanced by e-learning. The expected cost rate of education is expressed using the imperfect maintenance model, and the optimal policies that minimize it are discussed.
Phonetic-Based Forward Online Transliteration Tool from English to Tamil Language
Authors: Anbukkarasi S. , Elangovan D. , Periyasamy Jayalakshmi , Sathishkumar V. E. , Dharinya S. Sree , Kumar M. Sandeep , Prabhu J.
Published: February 2023

Transliteration is the process of mapping the character of one language to the character of some other language based on its phonetics. India is very much diverse in languages where people speak different languages. Though they speak different languages, it might be difficult for them to read the script of those many languages. In a situation like this, transliteration process plays a major role. It helps in various Natural Language Processing applications such as Information retrieval, Machine translation, Speech recognition. These are NLP applications which make the computer understand the natural language as to how human being interprets. It helps in translating technical terms and proper names from one language to another language. Moreover, transliteration works have been carried out in languages such as Japanese, Chinese and English. But when considering Indian languages, especially Tamil language, very few recognizable works have been carried out. In this paper, transliteration process is carried out on Unicode Tamil characters. The phonetics-based forward list processing is implemented for transliterating from English language to Tamil language which yields promising results.
Intelligent Software Bug Prediction Framework with Parameter-Tuned LSTM with Attention Mechanism Using Adaptive Target-Based Pooling Deep Features
Authors: Gupta Anurag , Sharma Mayank , Srivastava Amit
Published: February 2023

In recent years, various researchers have designed a software bug prediction model for classifying the nonfaulty and faulty modules in software that are correlated with software constraints. Software bug or defect prediction helps programmers or developers discover the possibilities of bugs and minimize maintenance costs. However, most approaches do not solve the class-imbalance issue regarding the software bug prediction model. To solve these issues, the latest software bug prediction model using enhanced deep-structured architecture is developed. Here, the software modules are obtained from online sources, which undergo pre-processing to remove unnecessary data. These pre-processed texts are considered for deep feature extraction, performed using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with an adaptive target-based pooling method to get effective deep features. Here, the parameter tuning in CNN is performed using Hybrid Rat-Barnacle Mating Swarm Optimization (HR-BMSO) to enhance the prediction performance. These deep features are inserted into Adaptive Features-based Parameter-Tuned Attention Long Short Term Memory (AF-PTALSTM) for predicting the software bugs, in which the optimization of certain parameters takes place with the same HR-BMSO to get accurate predicted results. The accuracy and [Formula: see text]1-score of the designed AF-PTALSTM method attain 97% and 94% through analysis. Thus, the experimental analysis of the designed software bug prediction model depicts higher efficiency while estimating with traditional approaches.
Magnetic-Solid Coupling Nonlinear Vibration of an Axially Moving Thin Plate Under Air-Gap Magnetic Field
Authors: Hu Yuda , Mu Yuan , Xie Mengxue
Published: February 2023

The nonlinear inherent vibration of an axially moving ferromagnetic thin plate under the action of the armature air-gap magnetic field is investigated. Based on the nonlinear elasticity theory, the energy relationship equations of the thin plate are given. Based on the electromagnetic theory and the solution of Laplace’s magnetic potential equation, magnetic force on the ferromagnetic rectangular plate under air-gap magnetic field environment is deduced. The Hamilton variational principle is applied to derive the magneto-solid coupled nonlinear vibration equation of the axially moving ferromagnetic thin plate. The two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear vibration differential equations containing static load terms with boundary conditions of SSSS and SSCC are obtained by discretizing through the Galerkin method. The multi-scale method is applied to solve the second-order approximation for deriving the first two orders’ intrinsic frequency of the nonlinear system. The variation laws of first two orders’ nonlinear inherent vibration with axial velocity, magnetic potential, initial air-gap thickness, and initial value are given through numerical examples, and the comparative analysis is performed. The results show that the first-order and second-order inherent vibration frequencies decrease with the increase of axial velocity and magnetic potential and increase with the increase of initial air-gap magnetic field thickness. Different materials and different boundary conditions have greater influence on the first-order and second-order inherent frequencies, and show obvious nonlinear characteristics. The results can provide references for analyzing and controlling the vibration behavior of moving structures in electromagnetic environment.
A Two-Warehouse Lot Sizing Problem for Defective Items with a Completely Backlogged Shortage Under Limited Storage Capacity for Rented Warehouses
Authors: Hajialirezaei Parisa , Pasandideh Seyed Hamid Reza
Published: February 2023

Determining an economic order quantity across inventory management is vital for any production or distribution company. There is an assumption in classical lot-sizing problems that the inventories are stored in a single warehouse with unlimited capacity. However, the mentioned assumption may be unrealistic, and in many markets, owned warehouses (OW) have limited capacity, therefore, in some cases, a rented warehouse (RW) is considered for storing goods to create more flexibility in terms of space capacity. In this study, we proposed a more realistic extension of a two-warehouse system, which intends to investigate an optimal EOQ considering limited storage for both OW and RW. This paper contributes to considering multiple RWs with limited capacity. For this purpose, a two-objective MINLP lot-sizing problem with a discreet period and finite time horizon is taken into account. The complexity of the model is to determine if there is a need to rent one or multiple warehouses regarding limited storage on OWs and RWs as well as budget restrictions to hire one or multiple warehouses. Also, all parameters are considered to be stochastic which means they follow a specific probability distribution. As the capacity of RWs and the total available budget to rent them are random parameters, the constraint on budget, as well as RW’s capacity in a period, can be formulated as chance constraints. Finally, four multi-objective decision-making methods namely Goal programming, Lp-Metric, Goal Attainment, and Augmented E-Constraint are utilized to solve the concerned problem. Then, the best method is chosen based on graphical, statistical, and TOPSIS analysis. Moreover, the Lagrangian Relaxation method is applied since solving this optimization model in large-size problems requires a considerable amount of time. In the end, the effect of changing the rates of three parameters on objective function values is evaluated through sensitivity analysis.