bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New method by using Sun Fits images for calculation of terrestrial aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström turbidity parameters in countryside of Kufa district
Authors: Saleh Baron Aref , Jawad Hayder hasan
Published: January 2021

Since there are no previous studies conducted for calculating Kufa turbidity parameters considering that the urban pollution is less than that of Kufa city. For this, The prior location of the Faculty of science telescope was chosen to make such observation using a 60 mm solar telescope Coronado filter equipped with CCD DSI III pro connected to a laptop computer.
Sun Fits images were captured under a clear sky as well as dusty conditions. Two types of images were classified, one in the clear sky and the other in dusty weather. Matlab code was used to estimate sun intensities in order to calculate the aerosol optical depth and Ångström turbidity parameters from sun images. These values are expressing the normality behavior with nearer places in territorial regions.
Examination of Household Evacuation Influencing Factors In Flood Disaster: A Case Study of Saptari Flood in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Praja Bhakta , Chaudhary Gangadhar
Published: January 2021

Disaster, a serious disruption in functioning of society whether by natural or manmade cause can happen anywhere. Devastating seismic, hurricane, flood, drought and fire are major disaster. Mitigating disaster risk, prompt rescue and timely evacuation decision during such disaster can prevent loss of lives and properties. The evacuation decision is the choice of people to stay away from the area of risk. The study analyzes the people’s perception of evacuation decisions in a flood disaster in the Saptari district of Nepal affected by Koshi River and other tributaries of it as a Disaster Risk Management. According to United Nations (2016), Management refers to “the organization, planning and applications of measure preparing for, responding to and recovering form disasters”. From the flood-affected site, 246 people were randomly selected for this study and examined the factors influencing evacuation decision-making. The study analyzes the past experiences of the people and their perception. The study has explored that Gender, Destination of evacuation, warning condition, reasons for not evacuating, education, age, proximity to the River from residence, land ownership, the capacity of the people are the factors examined and found no any association with the people’s decision on evacuation during the flood disaster in affected areas in Saptari district. These findings help the student, Disaster Risk Reduction field, Government policy makers and different actors to minimize the loss of lives and properties. The study also recommends for future research on victim’s evacuation decision-making capability in different flood-prone area of Nepal.
PENGARUH BIOCHAR TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN PUPUK KANDANG SAPI TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SAWI PADA TANAH PASIR PANTAI
Authors: Rahayu Rahayu , Saidi Didi , Herlambang Susila
Published: January 2021

Tanah pasir pantai memiliki beberapa keterbatasan untuk budidaya tanaman. Biochar tempurung kelapa dan kotoran sapi merupakan bahan amelioran untuk memperbaiki keterbatasan di tanah pasir pantai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh biochar tempurung kelapa dan kotoran sapi terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan produksi tanaman sawi di tanah pasir pantai. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta pada bulan Maret sampai Mei 2019 kemudian dianalisis di laboratorium. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah dosis biochar tempurung kelapa yang terdiri dari B0 = 0 ton / ha, B1 = 10 ton / ha, B2 = 15 ton / ha, dan B3 = 20 ton/ha. Faktor kedua adalah dosis kotoran sapi yang terdiri dari K0 = 0 ton/ha, K1= 10 ton / ha, K2 = 15 ton/ha, dan K3 = 20 ton/ha. Parameter penelitian adalah tekstur, pH H2O, C-Organik, N-Total, Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK), tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, bobot kering dan bobot basah tanaman. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan Analysis of Varians (ANOVA), dilanjutkan dengan DMRT 5% (Duncan Multiple Range Test) untuk mengetahui perbedaan mean antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi biochar tempurung kelapa 20 ton / ha (B3) dan kotoran sapi 20 ton / ha (K3) berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan pH H2O dari 5,85 menjadi 6,90, C-Organic dari 0,62 % menjadi 1,23%, N-Total 0,04% menjadi 0,34%, Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK) dari 2,04 cmol (+) kg-1 menjadi 4,86 cmol (+) kg-1 dan berat basah tanaman 60,83 gram.
KAJIAN ERODIBILITAS TANAH PADA BEBERAPA SUB GROUP TANAH DI KECAMATAN SEMIN
Authors: Sandi Dwi Kurnia , Mulyanto Djoko , Arbiwati Dyah
Published: January 2021

Kehilangan tanah yang dipicu oleh erosi air merupakan masalah utama yang menyebabkan beberapa masalah lingkungan. Erosi tanah berkontribusi pada hilangnya kesuburan dan penurunan kualitas sumber daya tanah. Salah satu komponen yang berperan penting dalam proses erosi tanah adalah erodibilitas tanah, yakni kepekaan tanah terhadap erosi. Wilayah Kecamatan Semin memiliki 4 sub group tanah yaitu Typic Hapluderts, Typic Eutropepts, Typic Troporthents dan Lithic Haplustols. Keempat sub group tanah tersebut memiliki sifat-sifat yang berbeda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai erodibilitas pada setiap sub group tanah yang terdapat di Kecamatan Semin. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Survey, pengambilan sampel tanah secara Purposive berdasarkan Peta Satuan Lahan Kecamatan Semin. Pengamatan struktur tanah dan pengambilan sampel tanah yang akan dianalisis dilakukan dengan cara membuat mini pit dan menggunakan ring sampler. Analisis data erodibilitas tanah dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan Weischmeier 1978 yaitu 100 K = 1,292 [2,1 M1,14  (10-4) (12-a) + 3,25 (b-2) + 2,5 (c-3)]. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai erodibilitas tertinggi pada sub group tanah Typic Troporthents yakni 0,730 dengan kisaran sangat tinggi yang terletak pada kemiringan lereng landai, sedangkan nilai erodibilitas terendah pada sub group  Typic Hapluderts yaitu 0,184 dengan status rendah pada kemiringan lereng agak curam. Secara umum urutan besarnya nilai erodibilitas pada lereng yang relatif sama adalah: Typic Troporthents > Lithic Haplustols > Typic Eutropepts > Typic Hapluderts. Secara umum semakin tinggi kelerengan pada sub grup yang sama, erodibilitasnya  semakin meningkat. Faktor yang menentukan nilai erodibilitas tanah adalah bahan organik dan tekstur tanah khususnya fraksi lempung, debu dan pasir sangat halus.
EVALUASI STATUS KERUSAKAN TANAH UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOMASSA DI DESA HARGOMULYO KECAMATAN GEDANGSARI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Hidayat Lutfi Rohmat , Kundarto Muhammad , Partoyo Partoyo
Published: January 2021

Pengelolaan tanah yang kurang memperhatikan kelestariannya menyebabkan kerusakan tanah dalam memproduksi biomassa. Sebagian besar wilayah Desa Hargomulyo digunakan sebagai lahan pertanian, namun masyarakat belum menerapkan teknik konservasi dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi status kerusakan tanah di Desa Hargomulyo, serta menyajikan hasilnya dalam bentuk peta. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan melakukan pengamatan langsung pada titik sampel berdasarkan kondisi wilayah di Desa Hargomulyo, Gedangsari, Gunungkidul. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini mengacu pada PP No. 150 Tahun 2000 dan PERMEN LH No. 07 Tahun 2006. Parameter yang diamati yaitu ketebalan solum, kebatuan permukaan, persentase fraksi pasir, berat isi, porositas total, derajat pelulusan air, pH, DHL, nilai redoks, serta jumlah mikroba tanah. Hasil prediksi kerusakan tanah di Desa Hargomulyo ditemukan 3 kelas, yaitu PR.I (sangat rendah) seluas 313,72 ha; PR.II (rendah) seluas 1.699,86 ha; dan PR.III (sedang) seluas 8.548,39 ha. Hasil status kerusakan tanah untuk produksi biomassa di Desa Hargomulyo ditemukan 1 status kerusakan tanah yaitu R.I (rusak ringan) dengan faktor pembatas kebatuan permukaan (b) dan derajat pelulusan air (p). Status kerusakan tanah R.I-b seluas 1.348,91 ha; R.I-p seluas 4.002,24 ha; dan R.I-b,p seluas 5.210,82 ha.
MATERIAL VOLKANIK SEBAGAI PENYUSUN UTAMA TANAH MERAH DI ATAS BATUAN KARBONAT KARANGSARI WONOSARI
Authors: Mulyanto Djoko
Published: January 2021

Gejala kewarnaan tanah yang berkembang pada batuan karbonat yang secara umum berwarna putih sangat menarik untuk dikaji mineralnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menelaah komposisi mineral tanah. Analisis sifat mineral meliput: mineral   fraksi pasir halus (bubuk) dan fraksi lempung tanah, serta batugamping yang membawahi tanah tersebut. Identifikasi mineral mengunnakan XRD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mineral haloisit 7 oA sangat mendominasi fraksi lempung tanah, disamping oksida-oksida besi khususnya gutit. Fraksi pasir halus menunjukkan mineral feldspar, biotit, kristobalit dan kuarsa pada lapisan pertama sedangkan lapisan bawah terdiri atas gutit, maghemit-magnetit, kuarsa, dan rhodokrosit. Analisis mineral batugamping (powder) menunjukkan mineral kalsit sangat dominan, sedangkan mineral yang lain adalah kuarsa dan maghemit-magnetit. Berdasarkan komposisi mineral baik fraksi pasir maupun lempung, serta nisbah Fe tanah/ batuan, diduga bahwa bahan induk tanah banyak dipengaruhi oleh material volkanik.
Analysis of nonrelativistic particles in noncommutative phase-space under new scalar and vector interaction terms
Authors: Safaei A. A. , Panahi H. , Hassanabadi H.
Published: January 2021

The Schrödinger equation in noncommutative phase space is considered with a combination of linear, quadratic, Coulomb and inverse square terms. Using the quasi exact ansatz approach, we obtain the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions. In addition, we discuss the results for various values of  in noncommutative phase space and discuss the results via various figures.
Mathematical views of the fractional Chua's electrical circuit described by the Caputo-Liouville derivative
Authors: Sene N.
Published: January 2021

This paper revisits Chua's electrical circuit in the context of the Caputo derivative. We introduce the Caputo derivative into the modeling of the electrical circuit. The solutions of the new model are proposed using numerical discretizations. The discretizations use the numerical scheme of the Riemann-Liouville integral. We have determined the equilibrium points and study their local stability. The existence of the chaotic behaviors with the used fractional-order has been characterized by the determination of the maximal Lyapunov exponent value. The variations of the parameters of the model into the Chua's electrical circuit have been quantified using the bifurcation concept. We also propose adaptive controls under which the master and the slave fractional Chua's electrical circuits go in the same way. The graphical representations have supported all the main results of the paper.
The research methodology for malnutrition risk identification and dietary practices among community living elderly
Authors: Hamirudin Aliza Haslinda , A. Rahman Nor Azlina , Sidek Suriati , Zainudin Norain
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Nutrition screening is an initial procedure to identify malnutrition, whilst subsequent nutrition intervention is warranted for at risk individuals. However, none of nutrition screening studies conducted among Malaysian elderly, accompanied by individualized nutrition intervention. The objective here is to describe the methodology to determine malnutrition risk and nutritional status of elderly in community at baseline and after 3 months of nutrition intervention; and to assess perception of elderly on their dietary practices. Methods: Elderly aged ≥ 60 years will be recruited as participants at several FELDA in Terengganu and Pahang with the calculated sample size of 416. Nutrition screening will be performed to identify malnutrition risk using a validated nutrition screening tool for the elderly in the community; the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form. Dietary intake will be assessed using the diet history method and individualized nutrition intervention will be provided to improve nutritional status. Nutrition screening and assessment will be repeated after three months for malnourished and at risk elderly. An in-depth individual interview will be conducted to assess perception on dietary practices particularly prophetic food intake. Quantitative and qualitative data will be analyzed using IBM SPSS software and NVivo software, respectively. Results: Nutritional status of the elderly is anticipated to improve after 3 months of nutrition intervention and the elderly will perceive that their dietary practices are good. Conclusions: This research is at the forefront to provide individualized nutrition intervention following nutrition screening among Malaysian community elderly. It can potentially prevent further health complications associated with malnutrition through timely malnutrition identification and nutrition intervention.
Success rate of endodontically treated patients attending polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia
Authors: Mustafa Nazih Shaban , Kashmoola Muhannad Ali , Jabbar Omar Abdul
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine the success rate of the endodontically treated teeth in patients attending the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry IIUM from 2012 to 2015. Methods: A retrospective study involved endodontically treated teeth of patients attending the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry IIUM from 2012 to 2015. Clinical and radiographic data were recorded and classified as successful or failed, and further analyzed by Fisher’s exact test to measure the correlation between the variables by using SPSS software version 16.0. Kappa test was used to measure the overall relationship between clinical and radiographic findings. Results: The overall success rate of the endodontically treated teeth is 85% (n= 51). Correlation between the variables showed no significant (p> 0.05) in the success rate among age groups, between gender, diagnosis and race at the time of treatment, between upper and lower arches, and between anterior and posterior tooth. Correlation between the variable of post-endodontic fixed restorations showed statistically significant in the success rate (p< 0.05). Conclusions: High success rate 85% among patients with no signs and symptoms and with no radiographic changes of post-endodontic fixed restorations. Age, gender and race have no significant relations on the success rate of endodontically treated teeth.
Anatomical variations of the anterior communicating artery complex: a multidetector CT angiographic study
Authors: Phyu Soe Ei , Buyong Zunariah , Hassan Radhiana , A. Rahman Jamalludin , Che Mohamed Siti Kamariah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The anterior communicating artery (ACoA) complex of the cerebral circulation, an area with great anatomical diversity, forms part of the communicating arterial supply to the brain. As brain tissues are susceptible to ischemic death, knowledge of this variability is important in diagnosis and management of diseases affecting brain circulation. The aim of the study is to measure the prevalence and to describe these variations. Methods: All patients who underwent CT angiography (CTA) scanning in HTAA from January 2009 to August 2015 were selected. A cross-sectional study was done to study these variations in 81 reconstructed CTA images. Results: Eleven types of variations were described (typical pattern; hypoplasia, aplasia, and duplication of ACoA; hypoplasia, and aplasia of A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA); hypoplasia, and aplasia of A2 segment of ACA; A2 segments of ACA arising from a common trunk; the third A2 segment; bihemispheric ACA). A1 segment is the part of ACA from the internal carotid artery to ACoA, and A2 segment is the part of ACA from ACoA to the junction between the rostrum and genu of the corpus callosum. The typical pattern was seen in 35.8%, and the cases with other variation types constituted 64.2%, which is higher compared to previous studies. The variations in ACoA alone were 43.2%, and the most common variation was the ACoA aplasia, accounting for 28.4%. Conclusions: This study shows the high prevalence of anatomical variations in the ACoA complex, and the probable difference of this figure in different populations.
Quantitative evaluation of medium filth (najs mutawassitah) in halalan toyyibah food
Authors: Abu Bakar Ibrahim , Abdul Rafa Ainin Azwani , Sani Norrakiah Abdullah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate the quantity of medium filth (najs mutawassitah) and the growth rate of faecal borne bacteria in self prepared fried rice toward the standardization of ‘halalan toyyibah’ food. Methods: The samples of fried rice were cooked with the application of hygienic practices. A specific quantity of human stools were then purposely inoculated into the samples. The growth curves of the bacteria were determined using NanoDrop 1000 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer at 630nm where the initial and end of lag times for each of the bacterial growth were determined. Results: The results showed that if the contamination of human stools in the food is in small quantity (1-2 drops), it may have no health risk at all (within lag time). If the human stools are in higher volume (more than 2 drops, or about 1 ml) then it may start to contaminate the food and could then lead to health risks. If foods are contaminated with small amounts (about 0.1 ml) of human stools and left at ambient temperature (about 37o C) for about 4 hours, the same thing will happen. Conclusions: If the level of health risk is translated according to Shariah law, foods which are contaminated with higher amount (more than 2 drops, or about 1 ml) of human stools or contaminated with small amounts (1-2 drops) of human stools, but are left (about 4 hours) at ambient temperature can be considered as shubhah/makhrooh to be eaten.
DNA methylation of DISC1 gene in schizophrenia using methylight Taqman assay
Authors: Abd Rahim Nour El Huda , Fikri Rahim Mohd Nabil , Ku Zaifah Norsidah , Mohd Noor Hanisah , Abdullah Kartini , A. Talib Norlelawati
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Significant evidences from functional studies have shown that DISC1 gene has a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, although the basis of the genetic defect has yet to be established. There has been a shift of emphasis from DISC1 gene variations to other types of genetic defects namely copy number and epigenetic, both of which have not been well investigated. Thus, the aim of this study is to examine the DNA methylation status of DISC1 gene in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: In this study, 239 subjects were included, 117 schizophrenia patients and 122 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was derived from peripheral blood and bisulfite converted. The DNA methylation level was quantitatively measured by Methylight Taqman analysis. Sociodemographic and the clinical parameters were noted. The severity of the clinical symptoms was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: The mean age and gender distribution between the study groups were similar. There was no significant difference in the methylation level of DISC1 between the patients and control group. When patients were compared by age, duration of illness, age at diagnosis, body mass index, smoking status, PANSS score and types of antipsychotic treatment, the DNA methylation level of DISC1, did not show any significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study found no significant difference in methylation level of DISC1 gene between schizophrenia patients and healthy control. Therefore, it is suggested that aberrant DNA methylation of DISC1 most probably does not contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Vasorelaxation effect of Syzygium polyanthum (wight) walp. Leaves extract on isolated thoracic aorta rings of normal and hypertensive rats
Authors: Ismail Azlini , Wan Ahmad Wan Amir Nizam
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. leaves are traditionally consumed by the Malays as an alternative treatment for hypertension. Until now, effect of S. polyanthum leaves extract on blood vessel is not yet disclosed. Methods: This study investigated the effect of S. polyanthum leaves aqueous extract (AESP) (0.01, 0.1, 1 & 10 mg/ml) on isolated thoracic aorta rings of normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR). Both rings were pre-contracted using phenylephrine (1 µM). Distilled water that dissolved AESP served as negative control. Results: As compared to negative control, AESP at 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/ml significantly relaxed aorta rings of WKY by 39.81 ± 2.99 % (P<0.001), 59.55 ± 7.60 % (P<0.001), and 72.58 ± 5.57 % (P<0.001), respectively. In SHR, AESP at 1 and 10 mg/ml significantly relaxed the aorta rings of SHR by 40.53 ± 3.66 % (P<0.001) and 65.73 ± 8.24 % (P<0.001), respectively. There was a significant difference between AESP-induced vasorelaxation in WKY and in SHR at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml (P<0.001). The IC50 value for AESPinduced vasorelaxation on aorta rings of WKY (94.67 ± 1.41 µg/ml) was lower than of SHR (799.80 ± 1.69 µg/ml). Conclusions: The S. polyanthum leaves extract was able to cause significant relaxation on aorta rings of both normal and hypertensive rats. Thus, this finding is well-corroborated with the use of this plant as a traditional remedy for hypertension. It is suggested that an in-depth investigation of  the mechanism of vasorelaxation of this plant is carried-out in the future.
Demographic Characteristic Of Patient With Traumatic Dental Injury Attending Kulliyyah Of Dentistry IIUM Kuantan Campus
Authors: Ismail Ahmad Faisal , Ghazali Aifaa , Abdullah Afiza Fatihah , Mat Daud Muhamad Sharifuddin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) refer to injury to the teeth and/or peridontium and perioral soft tissues. To date, very few dental trauma studies conducted in the university setting, thus the aim of this research is to provide an epidemiological data of TDI cases among patients attending Kulliyyah of Dentistry (KOD), IIUM Kuantan Campus. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 patient's record with TDI were retrieved from 2012 to June 2016. The inclusion criteria are patients attended KOD for management of dental trauma and diagnosis of TDI was properly documented. Patients attending KOD with complaint other than dental trauma and no proper diagnosis documented were excluded. The classification of dental trauma used is based on WHO Dental Trauma Classification (1978). For cases that were doubtful or with insufficient information, decision was made after further discussion with another examiner. Results: The mean age was 12.31 years old with the highest number of cases occurs in the 6-15 year-old group (37.5%) and male to female ratio of 3:2. Uncomplicated crown fracture was the most common injury in primary and permanent dentition (38% and 67%, respectively). Falls attribute 62.5% of the causes of TDI. November and December recorded the highest number of occurance of TDI cases (25% respectively). Conclusion(s): There is low occurance of TDI cases in KOD. The occurance of TDI cases is associated with school holiday
Dental Treatment Need Among First-Visit Patients Of Dental Outpatient Clinic At IIUM Kuantan For The Year 2016
Authors: Ismail Azlini , Abllah Zurainie , Muhammad Radhi Nur Aishah , Musa Syazalina , Abdul Halim Mohd Firdaus Akbar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine association of age and gender with dental treatment need among first-visit patients at Dental Outpatient Clinic, IIUM Kuantan in 2016. Materials and Methods: Ethical approval (IREC 762) was obtained from IIUM Human Ethics Committee. List of first-visit patients who attended clinic from 1st January to 31st December 2016 was retrieved to assess patient's age and gender. Dental treatment need was determined according to the normative need which was professionally defined by dental-officer-in-charge. All first-visit patients were included, except those attended Orthodontic department or with old Malaysian identification card or foreign passport. Included patients were classified into six age groups (≤14, 15-19, 20-34, 35-44, 45-64 and ≥ 65). Pearson's chi square test was used for statistical analysis using SPSS Version 20 software. Results:  From a total number of 2,713 patients (age range of 2 to 87), 1,210 (44.6%) were males and 1,503 (55.4%) were females. Age (p<0.001) and gender (p<0.001) were significantly associated with dental treatment need. Paediatric patients (≤14) majorly received paedodontic care (97.5%). Young-age patients (15-19, 20-34 and 35-44) mostly required conservative care (39.5%, 31.2% & 30.6%, respectively) while elder-age patients (45-64 and ≥ 65) have major need for prosthodontics (30.0% & 40.2%, respectively). Females outnumbered males in all age groups, except for the age group of ≥ 65 whereby the situation was the opposite. Females also outnumbered males in all types of treatment need, except for periodontics which was predominated by males. Conclusion(s):  Age and gender have significant associations with treatment need for dental care.
Study On Flaxseed Crude Extract On Stem Cells From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED)
Authors: Nordin Nur Sazwi , Mohammad Isa Lokman , Idid Syed Zahir , Lestari Widya , Mustafa Basma Ezzat , Arief Ikhwan Solachuddin Jauhari , Darnis Deny Susanti , Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj , Ahmad Azlina , Mokhtar Khairani Idah
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Flaxseeds offer a wide range of pharmacological properties including antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer. However its effect on mesenchymal stem cells has not been elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of flaxseed crude extract on stem cell from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in terms of cell viability, morphology and proliferation activity. Materials and Methods: Whole flaxseeds were ground and extracted with absolute ethanol using soxhlet extractor. The effects of flaxseed on SHED were assessed for cell viability using MTT assay, cell morphology using inverted microscope and proliferative activity describe as population doubling time (PDT) using alamar Blue assay. Fatty acid composition of flaxseed was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) instrumental technique. Results: The effects of flaxseed on SHED were observed to be dose-dependent, where higher concentration of the extract resulted in lower cell viability. The concentration of the flaxseed required to inhibit 50% of cell viability (IC50) was 10.56±0.22 mg/ml. Morphological observation demonstrated that flaxseed altered the cell morphology at concentration above 8 mg/ml. Based on alamarBlue assay, SHED treated with flaxseed at concentration 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 10.56 mg/ml showed no significant difference of PDT when compared to control (p>.05). GCMS analysis revealed the presence of linolenic acid as major compound, linoleic acid and palmitic acid and oleic acid. Conclusion(s): Crude extract of flaxseed at concentration below 8 mg/ml may be applied in the future study of SHED. The linolenic acid in flaxseed may have been responsible for the cell viability and proliferation activity of SHED.
Surgical Orthodontics: A Case Report
Authors: Mohamed Wael , Hassan Rozita , Ab. Rahman Shaifulizan
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Duration of treatment is one of the things orthodontic patients complaint about most and challenging orthodontist to shorten treatment time. A new surgical technique was introduced to accelerate tooth movement during orthodontic treatment through combining surgical and orthodontic treatment by doing surgical reduction of the bone mass in the path of desired tooth movement prior to start orthodontic alignment of the teeth. This case report showed treatment of 21 years old male patient complaint of teeth malalignment and he requested to finish treatment in short time. Upper right first premolar and lower left second premolar were extracted, all the bones in the desired path of tooth movement was removed and the dentoalveolar distraction procedure was performed using Nickel Titanium closing coil spring and power chain. Complete teeth alignment was achieved in two months period and the anchorage teeth were able to withstand the retraction forces with minimal anchorage loss.
The Effect Of Oil Pulling Using Coconut Oil On Gingival Condition In USU Dental Students
Authors: Nasution Aini Hariyani , Rahmahwati Dwi Rizki
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Oil pulling is one of the adjunct oral hygiene procedure which is done by gargling with vegetable oil, such as coconut oil. Coconut oil is used due to its bioactive substances such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and flavonoids, saturated fatty acid such as caprylic, capric, and lauric acid, and also unsaturated fatty acid such as oleic and linoleic acid.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gargling with oil pulling method using coconut oil on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Materials and Methods: The design of this experimental study is prepost test control group design. A total of 40 subjects from USU dental students was chosen by simple random sampling technique according the inclusion and exclusion criteria and then divided into two groups. The experimental group was asked to gargle with oil pulling method using coconut oil while the control group was asked to do daily oral hygiene procedure. Assessment was done on day 0 and day 10 using Löe and Silness plaque and gingival indices. The data was analyzed by using unpaired and paired t-test. Results:  Results show a reduction in plaque and gingival scores from day 0 until day 10, which are 0.248 ± 0.139 (p<0.05) and 0.283 ± 0.168 (p<0.05) respectively. Conclusion(s):  In conclusion, oil pulling using coconut oil effectively reduces plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.
Validity Of Mothers’ Caries Screening Of Their Preschool Children And Its Relationship To Sociodemographic Backgrounds
Authors: Sayed Kamar Syarifah Haizan , Jaafar Nasruddin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Mothers can be trained to screen caries in their children. The aim of this study is to assess the validity of mothers’ caries screening of their preschool children. Materials and Methods: 81 volunteer mothers of four- and five-year-old preschool children, from four kindergartens in Pahang were included this study. All mothers were trained by a dentist to detect caries in preschoolers based on a simplified caries detection guideline by WHO (1997) in a three-hour course. Subsequently, all mothers screened their own children caries status at the workshop and 24 hour later, at home. The validity of the results was determined by comparing mothers’ to dentist’s findings; and calculating their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values at child and tooth levels. Results: Caries prevalence among the children was 88.9%, with mean dmft of 7.10 (sd 5.07). At the workshop, mothers’ screening sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values at child level were 93.1%, 66.7%, 95.7%, 54.5%; and at tooth level were 76.6%, 94.0%, 90.4% and 87.8%, respectively. 24 hours post-workshop screening’s sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values at tooth level were 76.1%, 93.7%, 90.7% and 87.9% respectively. The reliability of 24 hours post- workshop screening at tooth level was almost perfect (kappa=0.84). No significant relationship was reported between validity of screening and mothers' age, educational status, household income and area of residence. Conclusion(s): The validity of mothers’ screening in this sample was adequate in identifying caries in their preschool children, regardless of their sociodemographic backgrounds.
A Case Report on Blood in Breastmilk: Safety Issues and Islamic Ruling
Authors: Jamani NA , Mohamad Hasbullah
Published: January 2021

This case study demonstrates a 33-year old nursing mother who had noticed that her breastmilk had traces of blood giving the appearance of a strawberry coloured milk while expressing for her infant. This is an uncommon encounter but important issue to raise concern among Muslim nursing mothers in terms of medical safety and Islamic ruling of the standpoint of legal theorists (usul al-fiqh) and legal maxim (qawai’id fiqhiyyah).
Breastfeeding Videos as a New Training Tool for Malaysian Breastfeeding Peer Counsellor Program in Empowering Breastfeeding Communities
Authors: Md Monoto Ezura Madiana , Mohamad Alwi Nor Kamariah
Published: January 2021

The Malaysian Breastfeeding Peer Counsellors (MBFPC) is the pioneer of non-governmental organization (NGO) of trained breastfeeding peer counsellors in Malaysia initiated in 2010. The training was done in a systematic way using a developed syllabus that was adapted from and endorsed by the La Leche League International (LLLI) to suit our local population. Training materials used throughout the program were presentation slides, demonstration tools, mantas and role-plays. Materials and methods: In 2015, MBFPC partnered with Global Health Media Project (GHMP) to incorporate breastfeeding videos as training tool to further enhance the delivery of current breastfeeding peer counsellor trainings to the participants, emphasizing on helping breastfeeding mothers. The new training tool was evaluated in 38 participants, who underwent 21 hours of training. Participants were required to do pre and post-assessments to complete the MBFPC Modules, view 8 videos and do practical sessions within a 2 month period post training. Participants’ field experience survey and focus group discussions were conducted among the participants and the trainers to look at the practicality of the videos in our training. Results: All participants felt that the videos made the training more effective and helped change their understanding and approach. The trainers agreed that the videos had covered all key topics need to be delivered in the training modules and helped them to deliver most important topics in helping breastfeeding mothers in a more practical way. Conclusion: GHMP Breastfeeding Videos are suitable as educational and training tools in helping breastfeeding mothers in our training.
Challenges on Learning Islam among Deaf Muslim in an Indonesian Context: Deaf Teachers Perspective
Authors: Mardiyanti Ns. , Haryanthi Luh Putu Suta
Published: January 2021

Optimal learning facilitation is the most helpful support for deaf people to learn Islam. However, due to lack of knowledge on how to teach Islam, parents tend to let these children grew up without giving appropriate facilitation on learning Islam. The aim is to investigate issues and problems related to learning Islam among deaf Muslim from the perspective of deaf teachers in an Indonesian context. The method is semi-structured, in-depth FGD using a sign interpreter. Thematic analysis was used to develop themes. Eight deaf teachers in Islamic special school voluntary participated in this project. Findings are divided into problems and solutions themes. Three problems revealed from the participants; limited sign language skills and sign interpreter during Islamic teaching; limited literacy skills as the only mode of communication to hearing people; and discouragement of learning Islam from the society. Three themes as a solution to the problems revealed from the participants include accessible information through Muslim organization and deaf foundation, visual learning through internet and hearing peers, parents’ and society adjustment by learning sign language. Although hearing loss may impact on understanding Islamic concept, providing sign language, interpreters, accessible educational information as well as society adjustment to deaf people, can help them learn Islam optimally in an Indonesian context.
Engaging and Empowering Parents of Children with Down Syndrome-The Role of Parents Support Group
Authors: Abdul Wahab Asrul , Md. Monoto Ezura Madiana
Published: January 2021

Children with Down syndrome are known to have intellectual disability, developmental milestone delay and may also have associated medical conditions. Having a child with Down syndrome could be physically and emotionally challenging to the affected family members. The impact on a family can be multifaceted which can alter the family dynamics and harmony. Most parents felt inadequate with the information given by the healthcare providers. Parents support group plays an important role to support and provide information and resources to other parents of children with Down syndrome. The knowledge and experience on raising the children with Down syndrome are shared with the new parents. This includes the importance of Early Intervention Program (EIP), inclusive education, the benefits of People with Disability card, sharing success story of people with Down syndrome and providing emotional support to the family to boost their confidence and keeping up their positive spirit in raising their children, regardless of their religions and beliefs. Apart from that, we also organize and participate in activities to raise public awareness, advocating for the rights, inclusion and well being of people with Down syndrome, through social and mass media and annual celebration of World Down Syndrome Day on the 21st March. We promote the benefits of inclusive environment so that people with Down syndrome are able to enjoy full and equal rights on an equal basis with other people; enabling them to live, work and participate with confidence and individual autonomy, fully included in society alongside their friends and peers. As healthcare professionals and parents of a child with Down syndrome, we are sharing our own experiences in engaging with other parents of children with Down syndrome to understand the issues and concerns, sharing resources available around them and ways to support them throughout the journey of raising a child with Down syndrome.
Integration and Islamisation Program for Clinical Post Graduate Students in International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM)
Authors: Yusof Nazri Mohd
Published: January 2021

Integration and islamisation (INI) programmes for undergraduate medical students have been practiced, reviewed and published in many journals. However, there is only a dearth of study on the implementation of such a programme for postgraduate clinical students. Hence, there is a need to examine such a programme because of the different learning environment and characteristic of the students. The aim of this paper is to examine the existing clinical postgraduate programme at IIUM and attempts to improve the INI curriculum. Method: The study employs an analytical method and important factors for the development of the curriculum are analysed to come out with the objective, content, teaching methodology and assessment method suitable for the program. Result: The study identified the important factors that determine the curriculum to be the needs of National Health Service, the mission of the university, the requirement of the professional body and characteristic of the students. The study proposes that the objective of the program is to produce holistic orthopaedic surgeons who understand the belief of Muslim patients and is able to facilitate them in their ibadah and daily life as a Muslims. This is achieved through offering a course which consists of 4 main subjects on the principles of shariah which include the element of Islamic worldview, fiqh ibadah, fiqh muamalah and Islamic moral values with emphasis on issues related to medicine. The teaching method proposed is having regular seminars which consist of presentations and discussion of important concept in Islamic fiqh and followed by case study on fiqh issues related to Medicine. Finally, the students should be assessed from the case write up which they are required to submit before they can sit for the final professional exam. Conclusion: This improved program enables students to complete their study without compromising their duties to provide services at their respective hospitals.
Islamic Perspectives of Reproductive and Maternal Health: What Role Can Nigerian Muslim Religious Leaders Play in the Prevention of Maternal Mortality? –With Particular Reference to Zamfara State NorthWest Nigeria
Authors: Maiwada Abdullahi Mohammed , Mamat Nik Mazlan , A Rahman Nor Azlina , Abdul Rahman Suzanah , Mohammed Baba Tukur
Published: January 2021

Reproductive and Maternal health are an important components of public health and medicine which are concerned with the complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing in all matters regarding reproductive system and health of mother especially during pregnancy.It implies ensuring that all women receive the care they need to be safe and healthy throughout pregnancy, childbirth and beyond. However, according to World Health Organization, millions of women all over the world do not have access to good quality health services during pregnancy and childbirth resulting in mortalities. Islam is a complete way of life. The Qur’an and Hadith consider pregnancy and child bearing as signs among other signs of the divine existence of Allah.The importance of maternal and reproductive is thus not unexplained in the Islamic perspectives. The study look at what role Muslim religious leaders can play in the prevention of maternal deaths and morbidities in developing countries. A qualitative study was conducted through in-depth interviews and focus groups discussion with a purposive sample of some Muslim religious leaders from Gusau local government area of Zamfara state northwest Nigeria in order to elicit information about the Islamic perspectives of reproductive and maternal health and the roles they can play in the prevention of maternal deaths among the Muslim communities. Muslim Religious leaders have a crucial role and contribution for the attainment and maintenance of good heath of women and children among Muslim communities through public enlightenment in the context of ‘ilm’, providing guidance through ‘Fatwah’ and community mobilization in the spirit brotherhood ‘ukhuwah. Islam does not accept the “preventable death of a woman” due to childbirth or pregnancy. Thus, Islam encourages attendance of antenatal care visits and health care seeking.
Overview of Safety and Efficacy of Non-Viral Gene Transfer in Cartilage Tissue Engineering from the Worldview of Islam
Authors: Md Nazir Noorhidayah , Sha’ban Munirah
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the safety and efficacy of non-viral gene transfer in cartilage tissue engineering (TE) from the worldview of Islam. The first clinical trial treating adenosine deaminase deficient patients conducted in 1990 has triggered the development of gene transfer technology. The potential of gene transfer is further explored in TE field with the hope that it could prosper the regenerative medicine application. However, ethical issues become important when it comes to application of new treatment modalities, primarily in gene transfer because of genetic modification influences the basis of life - the DNA. Besides ethical issue, the application of gene transfer in treating diseases also attract views from religious context. The questions on the techniques to administer the gene in human, social acceptance of genetically modified cell and adverse effects from it are still debatable and unresolved. Apart from that dilemma, both safety and efficacy issues are raised due to the scientific uncertainty and social perception of the technology. Despite countless number of encouraging findings and recommendations by the proponents of the technology, gene transfer is currently available only in the research setting. The established guidelines are used to complement and provide the necessary foundations in discussing the aspects involved in the incorporation of gene transfer with cartilage TE. Relevant Islamic input are identified and aligned to those particular guidelines. It is hoped that the integration of Islamic inputs in the existing guidelines could suggest the safest approach in treating cartilage degenerative disease through gene transfer and TE.
Reliability and Construct Validity of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Medical Doctors on Smoking Cessation Guidelines
Authors: Shalihin Mohd Shaiful Ehsan Bin , Md Aris Mohd Aznan , Nik Mohamed Mohamad Haniki , Mohd Rus Razman , Aida Jamani NurJasmine
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Islam forbids any forms of tobacco smoking. Prevalence of active smokers in Malaysia is increasing despite availability of stop-smoking clinics. Thus, the practice of healthcare professionals involved in providing smoking cessation intervention needs to be assessed using validated assessment tool. Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire that assesses the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical doctors based on the national smoking cessation guideline. In addition, we aimed to evaluate factors that contribute to the score. Methods: The 26 items consists of mixture of true/false choice questions and Likert scaling response based on domain of 5A’s (ask, assess, advice, assist, arrange) and 5R’s (relevant, risks, rewards, roadblocks, repetitions) of the national stop-smoking guideline. The questionnaire was distributed to 141 medical doctors. Reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency while construct validity was assessed using factor analysis. Results: A high degree of internal consistency was observed for this 26 items (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.824) and for practice subscale (Cronbach’s alpha 0.83). Subsequently, three items were removed due to poor inter item correlation. Factor analysis extracted seven meaningful components from this remaining 23 items, in which three components with least items were deleted due to overlapping subscale with other components, leaving four meaningful components which consist of (1) practice of ask, advice and assess components and practice of 5R’s (total of 10 items); (2) practice of assist components for those willing to quit (two items); (3) knowledge (two items) and (4) attitude (three items).These final 17 items still demonstrate high internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.832. Conclusion: This study indicates that this questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare professionals on stop smoking guidelines.
A Cross Sectional Study On Quality Of Sleep Among Adult Population In An Urban Area Of Pahang
Authors: Pasi Hafizah binti , Mohd Rus Razman , Abd Aziz Karimah Hanim , Yusof Muhammad Zubir , Hassan Noor Artika
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Sleep is one of the important needs in human life and good quality of sleep among adult population reduced the risk factor for adverse health outcome. This study aimed to determine the quality of sleep and its related factors among adult population in an urban area of Pahang. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study was done on a selected urban housing area in Pahang. Participants were adult population, aged more than 18 years old (observation unit) in selected houses (n=180). Measurements obtained via the questionnaire include respondents’ socio-demographic, co-morbidity, smoking status, physical activity, monthly household income and caffeinated drinks consumed. Sleep quality was measured using the validated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: A total of 145 respondents (response rate 81%) were available for data analysis. The prevalence of good sleeper (60%) was more than poor sleeper. Adjusted logistic regression showed that only those who did not take caffeinated drinks in the past one week had higher chance of having good quality of sleep as compared to those who take (OR=3.6, p=0.048). No other significant relationship was seen between quality of sleep and socio-demographic characteristics, exercise or co-morbid history. Conclusion: Majority of adult population in this selected urban area in Pahang have good quality of sleep and result showed significant relationship between quality of sleep with not taking caffeinated drinks, but not other factors. Nevertheless, programs such as sleep quality awareness campaign need to be done to educate the population and maintain this good sleep quality.