bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The application of restorative material packed in blisters in cross infection control in restorative dentistry
Authors: Porenczuk Alicja , Górski Bartłomiej , Bielas Wioletta , Gozdowski Dariusz , Mielczarek Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Dental procedures bear risk of pathogens transmission leading to cross--infection. Means of protection aim at preventing direct contact with patient’s infected tissues. Less attention is paid to indirect threats, such as the restorative material’s infection during treatment. Restorative materials portioned and packed in disposable blisters may effectively eliminate the risk of material’s contamination. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitude of polish dental students on infection of dental restorative materials during treatment. Material and methods. A survey was conducted among students of the Faculty of Dentistry at the Medical University of Warsaw, who were given disposable packages of the restorative material for cavity reconstruction during practical classes. Results. All students gained theoretical knowledge on cross-infection control. Less than half declared need for more classes in this field. Almost all of them (96%) admitted that pathogens transmission may occur during restorative treatment where one spatula is used for both picking the material from the syringe and placing it in the cavity. Only 68% of them actually use separate instruments during restorative treatment. All of them think that packing of the material in separate blisters may increase safety during treatment through minimizing risk of the material contamination. Conclusions. Polish dental students need more classes concerning cross-infection control in restorative dentistry. Restorative materials packed in disposable blisters may increase patients safety during restorative treatment.
Wpływ różnych metod modyfikacji powierzchni zębiny zębów mlecznych na adhezję materiałów światłoutwardzalnych – na podstawie piśmiennictwa
Authors: Majewska-Beśka Sylwia , Szczepańska Joanna
Published: April 2021

Bonding dental materials to dentinal surface, demineralised in particular, still poses a challenge for contemporary dentistry. Adhesion of filling materials to primary tooth tissue poses a greater difficulty compared to permanent teeth due to poorer enamel and intertubular dentin mineralisation and wider dentinal tubules. The bonding strength of dental materials to tooth surfaces depends on, among other things, surface development, the depth of cavity, as well as the associated degree of tissue mineralisation, the content of organic components and water, as well as the number and width of dentinal tubules. The quality of bonding of dental materials to dental tissues is also determined by the mode of substrate preparation, e.g. conventional drilling or air abrasion, and the type of adhesive system used - etch and rinse or self-etch approach. The choice of material that will ensure optimal bonding to the tooth surface under given conditions, i.e. microretention or chemical adhesion, is also important. The aim of the paper was to assess the effects of different methods for primary tooth dentinal surface modification on the adhesion of light-cured materials in experimental studies, based on literature data. The subject of adhesion of light-curing materials to the dentinal surfaces in primary teeth is current and worth further exploration. Self-etching systems are a good solution for filling carious cavities in primary teeth due to less aggressive demineralising effects on dentin compared to phosphoric acid. Demineralised surface is a difficult substrate for adhesive materials, especially in primary teeth; therefore, there is a need for procedures that will improve the retention of light-cured materials in these teeth. The use of air abrasion – mechanical development of the surface combined with chemical modification using self-etching systems may be one of solutions.
Powikłania w zębach stałych w wyniku dużych zaniedbań w obrębie uzębienia mlecznego u 4-letniego dziecka. Opis przypadku
Authors: Solarek Dominika , Szczepańska Joanna
Published: April 2021

Extensive carious lesions accompanied by oedema and fistula are one of the reasons for reporting children to dental offices. A 4-year-old girl was reported to a private dental practice for oral sanation. The child required extensive treatment. However, active fistulas in teeth 74, 75, 84, and 85 were the main reason for the appointment. Teeth 74, 75, 84 and 85 were extracted. The parents were informed about orthodontic consequences and recommended regular follow-up visits. The child remained under constant dental and orthodontic monitoring. Two years after extraction of primary mandibular molars, eruptive cysts developed in the region of teeth 84, 85, 74 and 75, followed by eruption of teeth 34 and 44, which showed complete hypoplasia and significant mobility. Demirjian system was used for dental age estimation (evaluation of the level of dental mineralisation based on radiographic images), indicating stage E for first mandibular molars. After orthodontic consultation, a decision was made to extract these teeth.
Empathy and Perceived Stress among College Students
Authors: Gupta Kanchan , NC Kiran
Published: April 2021

In the present study, the researchers have attempted to assess the relationship between empathy and perceived stress among college students of Karnataka and West Bengal in India. The data was collected using the Basic Empathy Scale for Adults (BES-A) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) from a sample of 214 college students, in which 107 were boys and 107 were girls. The study found that there was no significant relationship between their cognitive empathy and perceived stress but a significant relationship between their affective empathy and perceived stress was found and the correlation was found to be positive. The study also found that there was a significant gender difference in empathy among college students and girls had a higher empathy than boys, whereas in case of perceived stress, no significant gender difference was found; although the girls showed higher perceived stress levels than boys but the difference in their perceived stress levels was minimal. The implications of nurturing empathy and reducing perceived stress among the college students are discussed.
Gravidez após cirurgia bariátrica: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Bezerra Thaiz Geovana , Caldeira Beatriz Beniz Alves , Bitencourt Thays Araújo Rocha , Lelis Eloísa Lee , De Andrade Larissa Hermann de Siqueira Damas , Maia Ludmila Ferrante Silveira , Colombelli Luna Hussein , Vieira Maria Fernanda Rebello , Soares Maria Shayany de Sousa , Corrêa Wagner Pablo
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Descrever as complicações relacionadas à gestação após a cirurgia bariátrica e sua relação com as repercussões perinatais. Revisão bibliográfica: Observou-se que a maioria das cirurgias bariátricas em mulheres ocorre em idade reprodutiva. Atualmente, não há consenso sobre qual o momento ideal para engravidar após uma cirurgia bariátrica, mas aconselha-se esperar cerca de 2 anos, para que haja uma gravidez segura. Pacientes submetidos ao bypass gástrico, possuem risco elevado de desenvolver deficiências vitamínicas (A, D, B12, B9 e selênio). Pode haver, ainda, complicações como obstrução intestinal, hemorragia digestiva, deiscências de anastomoses e hérnias. Entretanto, a intervenção cirúrgica prévia à gestação é benéfica e está associada a melhora fertilidade, além de uma menor incidência de diabetes gestacional, doença hipertensiva da gravidez, prematuridade, necessidade de parto cesáreo, anormalidades de crescimento fetal e mortalidade perinatal Considerações finais:  Reforça-se a importância da discussão acerca dos riscos e benefícios da gestação em mulheres após a cirurgia bariátrica, bem como planejamento de diretrizes para cuidados desde a pré concepção até o puerpério, tanto das mulheres quando dos neonatos.
Risco para depressão entre pacientes convivendo com HIV-AIDS
Authors: Arruda Amanda Cordeiro da Silva , Coutinho Diogenes José Gusmão
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar o risco para o desenvolvimento da depressão em pacientes com HIV/AIDS. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, realizada em setembro de 2020 nas seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, BDENF, na SCIELO e na BVS utilizando os seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): “saúde mental”, “depressão” e “HIV”. Resultados: A AIDS é a doença crônica onde seus portadores têm risco elevado para desenvolver sintomas depressivos. Para este estudo foram localizados 583 artigos que depois de aplicados os critérios de inclusão e exclusão restaram 22 artigos e após leitura e análise minuciosa restaram 6 artigos que compuseram esse estudo. Após a descoberta da doença muitos foram os progressos científicos na tentativa de compreender e combater a epidemia mundial. Considerações finais: Foi possível perceber o quanto essa população está vulnerável a ter depressão pelo fato do estigma, preconceito pela sociedade imposto a esse grupo.  Desse modo, se faz primordial políticas de enfrentamento para detectar e tratar o quanto antes o agravo a fim de não trazer prejuízos maiores para o tratamento com antirretrovirais como um todo.
Fatores de risco relacionados à pneumonia associada a ventilação mecânica: revisão da literatura
Authors: Pinho Maria Teperino , Santos Caroline Macedo Calegario dos , Servio Bruna Cavalcante , Brinati Lídia Miranda , Toledo Luana Vieira , Salgado Patrícia de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura fatores de risco relacionados à Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica (PAVM) em pacientes adultos. Métodos: Revisão da literatura cuja busca ocorreu nas bases de dados Literatura Latino Americana e do caribe em Ciências da Saúde, U.S. National Library of Medicine e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados entre os anos de 2005 a 2019, nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, que abordavam os riscos para a PAVM em pacientes adultos críticos. Foram excluídos os artigos que abordavam sobre terapias medicamentosas, microrganismos, atualizações sobre o tema, consensos de opiniões e bundles sobre PAVM. Resultados: Os principais fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento da PAVM são doenças respiratórias prévias, traumas, idade, uso prévio e inadequado de antibióticos, exposição ao ventilador mecânico, tempo prolongado de uso da VM, ausência de higiene oral do paciente, falta de higiene das mãos do profissional e o incorreto posicionamento no leito. Considerações finais: A equipe multiprofissional tem uma responsabilidade considerável no controle e prevenção da PAVM, assim, é necessário que todos os profissionais conheçam os fatores de risco associados e prestem assistência buscando prevenir o desenvolvimento desse problema.
The OP Protein Cage: A Versatile Molecular Delivery Platform
Authors: Edwardson Thomas G.W. , Levasseur Mikail D. , Hilvert Donald
Published: April 2021

Well-defined containers constructed from multiple protein subunits are a unique class of nanomaterial useful in supramolecular chemistry and biology. These protein cages are widespread in nature, where they are responsible for a diversity of important tasks. As such, producing our own
designer protein cages, complete with bespoke functionalities, is a promising avenue to new nanodevices, biotechnology and therapies. Herein, we describe how an artificial, computationally designed protein cage can be rationally engineered using supramolecular intuition to produce new functional
capsules. Positive supercharging the interior cavity of this porous protein cage enables the efficient encapsulation of oligonucleotides by electrostatically-driven self-assembly. Moreover, the resulting cargo-loaded cages enter mammalian cells and release their cargo, for example siRNA which
modulates gene expression. To expand the cargo scope of this proteinaceous container, a higher level of supramolecular complexity can also be introduced. Encapsulation of anionic surfactants affords protein-scaffolded micelles, which are capable of sequestering poorly water-soluble small molecules
within their hydrophobic cores. These hybrid particles stably carry bioactive cargo and deliver it intracellularly, thereby increasing potency. Further development of these genetically-encoded materials is ongoing towards specific applications ranging from cell biology to medicine.
Iraq and the Kurds: How the 1960s-1990s Portrayed the Future of the Kurds
Authors: Valeria Anderson Giulia
Published: April 2021

Kurdish ambitions and demands relative to the Iraqi central government have always impacted the equilibrium of the country. Kurdish requests shifted from demanding autonomy to insisting on recognition, causing the various Iraqi administrations to change their policies towards the Kurds many times. These changes in Iraq’s policies often caused violent repercussions among the Kurds, which sometimes escalated into armed conflicts. This paper aims to analyze the events that occurred between the Kurds and the Iraqi government from the 1960s to the end of the 1980s, specifically: the 1st and 2nd Iraqi-Kurdish War, how foreign countries were involved in these conflicts, and what were the short- and long-term consequences of the wars on the Kurdish population that paved the way to the al-Anfal Campaigns. A more in-depth analysis will be done on the 2nd Iraqi-Kurdish War and on the eight al-Anfal Campaigns, as the consequences were devastating for the Kurdish population, and marked a turning point in Kurdish relations with foreign countries. The goal of this study is to add a new understanding on how Iraqi and Western foreign policies affected the Kurdish sense of identity and of the state-building process that led to what is known today as the Kurdistan Regional Government.
The Doctrine of al-Walla’ wal-Bara’ in the Salafi-Jihadi Perspective: Flexibility within Rigidity
Authors: Alshech Eli
Published: April 2021

Salafi-jihadi scholars typically take conservative positions on matters relating to the doctrine of al-wala’ wa’l-bara’. Often, their stances are more restrictive than those of non-militant Salafi scholars (known in the academic literature as Taqlidis). However, an analysis of their responses to questions pertaining to the doctrine of al-wala’ wa’l-bara’ indicates that, under certain circumstances, the Salafi-jihadi scholars exercise an interpretive flexibility that results in more flexible edicts. In general, it appears that in matters with political and/or public implications (such as declaring takfir on a political leader, declaring jihad against apostates, and representing an apostate ruler), the Salafi-jihadis will often express opinions that are inflexible and restrictive. When the matter at hand pertains to personal life, however, even in the case of the doctrine of al-wala’ wa’l-bara’, Salafi-jihadis often express opinions that are surprisingly flexible. The detailed explanations that appear in Salafi-jihadi responses indicate that Salafi-jihadi scholars understand the complexity faced by Muslims who live in non-Muslim societies and states and who face uncertainty as to application of the doctrine of al-wala’ wa’l-bara’ to their day-to-day lives. Accordingly, when responding to practical questions about how such Muslims may function within close personal relationships and/or work environments shared with non-Muslims, Salafi-jihadi scholars tread carefully and attempt to provide creative solutions. In so doing, they skirt the edges of doctrinal interpretation.
Mediated Inner-Sphere Electron Transfer Induces Homogeneous Reduction of CO2 via Through-Space Electronic Conjugation
Authors: Hooe Shelby L. , Moreno Juan , Reid Amelia , Cook Emma , Machan Charles
Published: April 2021

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 is an appealing method for converting renewable energy sources into value-added chemical feedstocks. We report a co-electrocatalytic system for the reduction of CO2 to CO comprised of a molecular Cr complex and dibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide (DBTD) as a redox mediator which achieves high activity (TOF = 1.51-2.84 x 105 s–1) and quantitative selectivity. Under aprotic or protic conditions, DBTD produces a co-electrocatalytic response with 1 by coordinating trans to the site of CO2 binding and mediating electron transfer from the electrode with quantitative efficiency for CO. This assembly is reliant on through-space electronic conjugation between the π frameworks of DBTD and the bpy fragment of the catalyst ligand, with contributions from dispersive interactions and weak sulfone coordination. The resulting interaction stabilizes a key intermediate in a new aprotic catalytic pathway and lowers the energy of the rate-determining transition state under protic conditions. To the best of our knowledge through-space electronic conjugation has not been explored in molecular electrocatalytic systems.
Rapid and Mild Synthesis of Au-NHC Complexes in a Simple Two-Phase Flow Reactor
Authors: Jónsson Helgi Freyr , Fiksdahl Anne , Harvie Andrew
Published: April 2021

We describe a simple two-phase flow reactor which allows for the efficient and rapid synthesis of several Au(I)-NHC complexes under mild conditions, with minimal workup, and avoiding common problems with decomposition to Au(0). An optional second stage allows for direct synthesis of Au(III)-NHC complexes, without isolation of the Au(I)-NHC intermediate.
DrugEx v2: De Novo Design of Drug Molecule by Pareto-based Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning in Polypharmacology
Authors: Liu Xuhan , Ye Kai , Van Vlijmen Herman , Emmerich Michael T. M. , IJzerman Adriaan P. , van Westen Gerard
Published: April 2021

In polypharmacology, ideal drugs are required to bind to multiple specific targets to enhance efficacy or to reduce resistance formation. Although deep learning has achieved breakthrough in drug discovery, most of its applications only focus on a single drug target to generate drug-like active molecules in spite of the reality that drug molecules often interact with more than one target which can have desired (polypharmacology) or undesired (toxicity) effects. In a previous study we proposed a new method named DrugEx that integrates an exploration strategy into RNN-based reinforcement learning to improve the diversity of the generated molecules. Here, we extended our DrugEx algorithm with multi-objective optimization to generate drug molecules towards more than one specific target (two adenosine receptors, A1AR and A2AAR, and the potassium ion channel hERG in this study). In our model, we applied an RNN as the agent and machine learning predictors as the environment, both of which were pre-trained in advance and then interplayed under the reinforcement learning framework. The concept of evolutionary algorithms was merged into our method such that crossover and mutation operations were implemented by the same deep learning model as the agent. During the training loop, the agent generates a batch of SMILES-based molecules. Subsequently scores for all objectives provided by the environment are used for constructing Pareto ranks of the generated molecules with non-dominated sorting and Tanimoto-based crowding distance algorithms. Here, we adopted GPU acceleration to speed up the process of Pareto optimization. The final reward of each molecule is calculated based on the Pareto ranking with the ranking selection algorithm. The agent is trained under the guidance of the reward to make sure it can generate more desired molecules after convergence of the training process. All in all we demonstrate generation of compounds with a diverse predicted selectivity profile toward multiple targets, offering the potential of high efficacy and lower toxicity.
Quantum Theoretical and Computational Controlling for Corral at Matter Surface
Authors: Wang Quan-Fang
Published: April 2021

In physics and chemistry realms, the exciting quantum field would play a major role.Particularly, quantum control area should have significant and powerful development tendency. With a numerous attempts in a variety of fields, the extremely frontier area move forward to control elementary particles. Lasting effects must boost the appearing of breakthrough soonerafter. As is well known, a mount of milestone works lie on the controlling of atomic and molecules dynamics. Naturally, future researches will concentrate in quantum controlling at nucleus scale.
Quantum Control for Trapped Particles at Matter Surface
Authors: Wang Quan-Fang
Published: April 2021

In this theoretic work, trapped particles at matter surface to be considered as target system of quantum control. At the framework of variational method in Hilbert space, it would be quite interesting for us to explore particles which is trapped via optical lattice or other kinds of constraints at a matter surface (metal, crystal). The aim of this task is to survey theoretical control for quantum particles as they are appeared and trapped at matter surface (cf. [1]). The physical background of this work is laying on the specified particles motion or reaction under a certain chemical surface. As is well known, one can move a particle at surface smoothly through a point force above it or according to a proper angle, such quantum mechanical motion had already been achieved by the IBM team several years ago. At the viewpoint of quantum control, what is theoretic support? Can we make these control theoretically, computationally or experimentally? In fact, free trapped particles had been considered by scientists and researchers at worldwide scale. The most exciting things in this study is to take particle as target as it constrained on a surface. Theoretically, this work is to describe quantum control system consisting of time-varying Schrodinger equation at physical constraints condition. Then to apply control theory to quantum system of trapped particles, find and characterize optimal quantum control. Further, to compose optimality system (Euler-Lagrange system). Comprising of control free trapped particle, this work is focusing on control taking place at matter surface (on it particle is trapped), that is, try to discuss the external force constrain (e.g. optical lattice) and surface constrain are acting at particle together. Amazing result is desired in control of different multi-forces as control inputs, what would be happened as a particle changing its position, displacement or status under trapped situation? can we make a trapped chemical quantum well, or a physical optical lattice which worked using external force? what is extension of such kind of works at a variety of fields? whether the general quantum control is worked in this case? It is the purpose to solve these mysteries in this work, and report the initial conclusion of theoretic aspect for trapped particle at matter surface.
Multiscale Structural Control of Linked Metal-Organic Polyhedra Gel by Aging-Induced Linkage-Reorganization
Authors: Wang Zaoming , Villa Santos Christian , legrand alexandre , Haase Frederik , Hara Yosuke , Kanamori Kazuyoshi , Aoyama Takuma , Urayama Kenji , Doherty Cara M. , Smales Glen-Jacob , Pauw Brian R. , Colon Yamil J. , Furukawa Shuhei
Published: April 2021

Assembly of permanently porous metal-organic cages with functional polymers forms soft supramolecular networks featuring both porosity and processability. However, the amorphous nature of such soft materials complicates their characterization and thus limits structural control. Here we demonstrated that aging is an effective strategy to control the hierarchical network of supramolecular gels, which are assembled from organic ligands as linkers and metal-organic polyhedra (MOP) as junctions. Normally, the initial gel formation by rapid gelation leads to a kinetically trapped structure with low controllability. Through a controlled post-synthetic aging process, we show that it is possible to tune the network of the linked MOP gel over multiple length scales. This process allows control on the molecular-scale rearrangement of interlinking MOPs, mesoscale fusion of colloidal particles and macroscale densification of the whole colloidal network. In this work we elucidate the relationships between the gel properties, such as porosity and rheology, and their hierarchical structures, which suggest that porosity measurement can be used as a powerful tool to characterize the microscale structural transition of the amorphous gels. This aging strategy can be applied in other supramolecular polymer systems particularly containing kinetically controlled structures and shows an opportunity to engineer the structure and porosity of amorphous porous soft materials for further applications.
Synthesis of Multi-Module Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Class A Domains with Acid Labile Cyanopyridiniumylides (CyPY) as Aspartic Acid Masking Groups
Authors: Neumann Kevin , Vujinovic Alex , Kamara Saidu , Baldauf Simon , Bode Jeffrey
Published: April 2021

Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Class A Domains (LA modules) are common ligand-binding domains of transmembrane receptors of approximately 40 amino acids that are involved in several cellular processes including endocytosis of extracellular targets. Due to their wide-ranging function and distribution among different transmembrane receptors, LA modules are of high interest for therapeutic applications. However, the efficient chemical synthesis of LA modules and derivatives is hindered by complications, many arising from the high abundance of aspartic acid and consequent aspartimide formation. Here, we report a robust, efficient and general applicable chemical synthesis route for accessing such LA modules, demonstrated by the synthesis and folding of the LA3 and LA4 modules of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor, as well as a heterodimeric LA3-LA4 constructed by chemical ligation. The synthesis of the aspartic acid-rich LA domain peptides is made possible by the use of cyanopyridiniumylides (CyPY) – reported here for the first time – as a masking group for carboxylic acids. We show that cyanopyridiniumylide masked aspartic acid monomers are readily available building blocks for solid phase peptide synthesis and successfully suppress aspartimide formation. Unlike previously reported ylide-based carboxylic acid protecting groups, CyPY protected aspartic acids are converted to the free carboxylic acid by acidic hydrolysis and are compatible with all common residues and protecting groups. The chemical synthesis of Cys- and Asp-rich LA modules enable new access to a class of difficult to provide, but promising protein domains.
Influence of Iron Sulfide Nanoparticle Sizes in Solid-State Batteries
Authors: George Dewald , Liaqat Zainab , Lange Martin Alexander , Tremel Wolfgang , Zeier Wolfgang
Published: April 2021

Given the inherent performance limitations of intercalation-based lithium-ion batteries, solid-state conversion batteries are promising systems for future energy storage. A high specific capacity and natural abundancy make iron disulfide (FeS2) a promising cathode active material. In this work, FeS2 nanoparticles were prepared solvothermally. By adjusting the synthesis conditions, samples with average particle diameters between 8 and 31 nm were synthesized. The electrochemical performance was evaluated in solid-state cells with a Li‑argyrodite solid electrolyte. While the reduction of FeS2 was found to be irreversible in the initial discharge, a stable cycling of the reduced species was observed subsequently. A positive effect of smaller particle dimensions on FeS2 utilization was identified, which can be attributed to a higher interfacial contact area and shortened diffusion pathways inside the FeS2 particles. These results highlight the general importance of morphological design to exploit the promising theoretical capacity of conversion electrodes in solid-state batteries.
Anaphylactic Reactions to COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Sachleen Kaur
Published: April 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a major health crisis and high mortality rates. Progression to a severe and potentially fatal form of COVID-19 is associated not only with massive viral replication, but also with an inappropriate inflammatory response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Therefore, drug strategies may target not only the viral infection itself, but also inappropriate immunoinflammatory responses. Numerous wide-ranging medications have been attempted to improve the prognosis and outcome of COVID-19, especially among hospitalized patients due to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Vaccination against COVID-19 is an essential global intervention to control the current pandemic situation. Vaccines often cause adverse events; however, the vast majority of adverse events following immunization are due to the protective immune response induced by the vaccine, and not due to an allergic reaction. It is important to know that how can SARS-CoV-2 vaccines be administered with minimal risk of allergic reactions. In fact, currently available mRNA vaccines may usually be administered readily even to patients with allergies. The following review describes the risk of severe anaphylaxis and provides practical tips for safe vaccination.
On the relation of gene essentiality to intron structure: a computational and deep learning approach
Authors: Schonfeld Ethan , Vendrow Edward , Vendrow Joshua , Schonfeld Elan
Published: April 2021

Essential genes have been studied by copy number variants and deletions, both associated with introns. The premise of our work is that introns of essential genes have distinct characteristic properties. We provide support for this by training a deep learning model and demonstrating that introns alone can be used to classify essentiality. The model, limited to first introns, performs at an increased level, implicating first introns in essentiality. We identify unique properties of introns of essential genes, finding that their structure protects against deletion and intron-loss events, especially centered on the first intron. We show that GC density is increased in the first introns of essential genes, allowing for increased enhancer activity, protection against deletions, and improved splice site recognition. We find that first introns of essential genes are of remarkably smaller size than their nonessential counterparts, and to protect against common 3′ end deletion events, essential genes carry an increased number of (smaller) introns. To demonstrate the importance of the seven features we identified, we train a feature-based model using only these features and achieve high performance.
Resenha "Entre a razão e a experiência"
Authors: Lima Keyliane Carvalho
Published: April 2021

Os nove capitulos do livro interam-se pelos varios aspectos do nexo entre tecnologia e experiência. Introduzem os temas principais da teoria crítica da tecnologia, a abordagem que Feenber tem desenvolvido durante os ultimos vinte anos. A teoria crítica da tecnologia recorre as contribuições de Heidegger, de Foucaul, da Escola de Frankfurt e da sociologia construtivista da tecnologia. Cada uma dessas fontes contribui com elementos para uma melhor compreensão da relação entre tecnologia e exxperiência.
Agonia do Eros
Authors: Mira Bruno Cesar Costa Ribeiro Mira Cesar Costa Ribeiro
Published: April 2021

O filósofo sul coreano Byung-Chul Han em seu ensaio Agonia do Eros, procura compreender como as relações advindas do mundo digital impedem o erotismo de se desenvolver e quais são as consequências nefastas nas relações afetivas em que o ego narcísico sobressai no lugar do amor.
A alteridade platônica no diálogo do Sofista e a superação do não-ser parmenídico
Authors: Torres Israel Simplicio , De Sousa Pedro Henrique
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo principal a exposição da teoria ontológica platônica sobre a definição de Ser e Não-Ser quese encontram no clássico diálogo “O Sofista”. Nesta obra, Platão usa uma série de raciocínios bem trabalhados e detalhados para sechegar à proposta popularmente conhecida como alteridade. Até chegar a esta conclusão, o filósofo caminha em direção aos sofistas eobserva o que eles faziam a fim de expor sua verdadeira natureza, falha e demagógica, além da superação e refutação da ontologiaparmenídica para findar a sua independência filosófica.
A Themis frente aos vícios: o problema da inveja na teoria da justiça de John Rawls
Authors: Costa Jardel De Carvalho , Veloso Layane De Paula
Published: April 2021

reconhecido que a obra "Uma Teoria da Justia" de John Rawls um grande clssico da filosofia social e poltica contempornea. Insatisfeito com a concepo utilitarista de justia em fornecer uma anlise satisfatria dos direitos e das liberdades dos cidados vistos como pessoas livres e iguais, Rawls procurou estabelecer quais os princpios de justia que pessoas livres e racionais escolheriam se colocadas em uma situao de igualdade, a fim de definirem os termos fundamentais de sua associao. Contudo, diante de sociedades plurais, de indivduos com tendncias religiosas, polticas, psicolgicas e sociais diferentes e divergentes, como estabelecer princpios de justia que possam propiciar uma sociedade bem-ordenada? Qual o tipo de relao desses princpios em face s principais tendncias psicolgicas dos indivduos, por exemplo, a inveja? Afinal, possvel separar avaliao moral e constituio psicolgica?
Editorial
Authors: Nascimento Daniel Arruda
Published: April 2021

Editorial do editor-especial deste nmero da revista.
O domínio da técnica sobre o sentir no filme Equilibrium (Equilibrium, de Kurt Wimmer, 2002): um estudo a partir da conferência ‘A questão da técnica’ de Heidegger
Authors: Farias Júnior João Batista
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o filme Equilibrium de Kurt Wimmer em que a técnica surge como única possibilidade de fundamentação do desenvolvimento da humanidade. No filme os sentimentos são identificados como fonte do sofrimento e das desgraças humanas, sendo então estabelecido que devem ser exterminados com o uso de uma droga. A técnica se apresenta no filme como fim para a história da humanidade, tal qual teme Heidegger. A fim de mostrar as conseqüências ultimas do domínio da técnica sobre o sentir e sobre o próprio ser se discorrerá esse artigo, sempre fazendo uma alusão ao filme Equilibrium.
UMA AVALIAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DO DIÁLOGO ENTRE O PRAGMATISMO DE RICHARD RORTY E O FEMINISMO DE NANCY FRASER/A previous assessment of dialogue between Richard Rorty’s pragmatism and Nancy Fraser's feminism
Authors: Barros Nayara
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho pretende resgatar o debate entre Richard Rorty e Nancy Fraser, ocorrido no início da década de 1990, especificamente a partir do texto Feminismo e Pragmatismo apresentado na Tanner Lectures on Human Value. Nesta conferência o filósofo discorreu sobre a possibilidade de conciliação entre o seu pragmatismo e o feminismo. Rorty aborda o feminismo enquanto autocriação da mulher através da “redescrição” mediante a manifestação poética, onde o filósofo encara as feministas como criadoras do novo. Em seguida, exporemos a crítica de Fraser, que trabalha sobre a proposta apresentada pelo pragmatista e que oferece suas próprias idéias dentro de uma concepção do feminismo como movimento democrático de massa. Ao final, uma breve avaliação das implicações das críticas e sugestões apresentadas por Rorty ao feminismo e também da resposta de Fraser.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE PÓS-MODERNIDADE E RELIGIÃO SEGUNDO GIANNI VATTIMO
Authors: De Souza Melo Marco Cesar
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho apresenta algumas considerações do pensador italiano Gianni Vattimo acerca da religião na idade contemporânea. O referido filósofo tem como base de suas reflexões a ideia de uma filosofia pós-moderna que se caracteriza pela desconstrução da metafísica da tradição moderna. Nesse sentido, o autor visualiza nas filosofias de Nietzsche e Heidegger a inauguração de uma nova orientação do pensamento ocidental, marcada por esse rompimento com as filosofias totalizantes e pela consideração do ser como resultado das circunstancias eventuais que compõem a experiência existencial. A religião, por sua vez, não acompanhou tal movimento, mas conservou um pensamento marcado ainda pela estrutura da metafísica tradicional, por isso, não se encontra em condições de responder às atuais demandas deste mundo plural. O autor sinaliza para a necessidade da abdicação das estruturas dogmáticas e dos fundamentalismos da religião como meio para a abertura ao diálogo inter-religioso e intercultural.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DOS SOFISTAS PARA O FENÔMENO DA EDUCAÇÃO NUMA PERSPECTIVA CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Araújo David Velanes de
Published: April 2021

Os sofistas trouxeram grandes contribuições para a educação, tal como, os próprios fundamentos da pedagogia moderna. A sofística constituiu um fenômeno com um alto significado na história da educação, pois foi com os sofistas que a paidéia ganhou um sentido e um significado mais profundo, isto é, a educação passou a ser tratada de forma mais consciente e racional. Dessa maneira, este artigo busca uma interpretação positiva do movimento sofístico, diferente daquela deixada pela tradição socrático-platônica.
HEGEL E SARTRE: APORTES ONTOLÓGICO-EXISTENCIAIS ÀS EMERGÊNCIAS DA VIDA CONCRETA
Authors: De Souza Nunes Marcus Vinicius , Rodrigues Diego Rodstein
Published: April 2021

O artigo pretende tratar, de forma resumida, como a filosofia de Hegel, ao contrário de boa parte das interpretações canônicas, tenta dar conta dos problemas reais da política e sociedade alemãs. Da mesma forma a filosofia sartreana tenta dar respostas do mesmo cunho à cena concreta da vida francesa. Tendo em vista esses dois fatores apresenta-se o pensamento hegeliano, a sua recepção por Sartre e os possíveis aportes entre as duas teorias.
QUINE E A TEORIA DEFLACIONÁRIA DA VERDADE
Authors: Dos Santos Daniel Ramos
Published: April 2021

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo será o de tentar verificar qual a relação de Willard Van Orman Quine com a teoria deflacionária da verdade. Para tanto, começaremos com o exame dos portadores de verdade, com a intenção de saber a opinião de Quine sobre qual, dentre outros, seria o verdadeiro portador ou veículo da verdade, ou seja, saber, segundo Quine, de que dizemos ser verdadeiro ou falso. Reduziremos nosso exame às sentenças e proposições, e uma vez identificado o portador de verdade escolhido por nosso filósofo aqui em questão, a saber, a sentença, faremos uma breve apresentação das terias “deflacionárias” e “da correspondência” no que diz respeito à verdade. Por fim, com base em tal apresentação, trataremos de identificar a posição quiniana no que se refere à verdade e, consequentemente, sua relação com o deflacionismo.
PRESSUPOSTOS PARA SE PENSAR A QUESTÃO DA TÉCNICA EM "SER E TEMPO"
Authors: Costa Poliana Emanuela
Published: April 2021

Resumo: Partindo do pressuposto que o Ser é notavelmente o escopo de toda a filosofia de Heidegger, este artigo procura indicar traços pontuais daquela que foi considerada o maior labor intelectual de sua vida: Ser e Tempo. Com o intuito de explorar o projeto da analítica existencial, Heidegger lança mão de dois conceitos, o de manualidade e circunvisão. Trata-se de explicitar, a partir desses conceitos contidos na obra Ser e Tempo a contribuição original do filósofo para o diagnóstico crítico da modernidade e para posteriores aprofundamentos filosóficos sobre a técnica moderna. Por fim, a comunicação indicará à luz da discussão realizada a partir das reflexões de Heidegger, uma alternativa possível para outro modo de lidar com a técnica, não desprezando sua importância para as modificações e desenvolvimento do homem e da natureza, mas tampouco absolutizando o modo como a técnica modifica a interação do homem com o mundo em que habita.   Abstract: Based on the assumption that Being is notably the scope of the whole philosophy of Heidegger, this article seeks to show occasional traces of what was considered the greatest intellectual labor of his life: Being and Time. In order to exploit the project's existential analytic, Heidegger makes use of two concepts, and to manualidade circumvision. It is explicit from these concepts contained in the book Being and Time the original contribution of the philosopher to the critical diagnosis of modernity and subsequent philosophical insights about the modern technique. Finally, the Notice indicates in the light of the discussion held from the reflections of Heidegger, a possible alternative to otherwise deal with the technique, not disregarding its importance to the changes and development of man and nature, but neither the absolutizando how the technique modifies the interaction of man and the world he inhabits. Keywords: Heidegger; being; modern technique.
O PRINCÍPIO RESPONSABILIDADE, A ESPERANÇA EM ERNEST BLOCH E O ORGULHO NACIONAL: UMA SIMÉTRICA OPOSIÇÃO ENTRE A HEURÍSTICA DO MEDO EM HANS JONAS E A ESPERANÇA SOCIAL EM RICHARD RORTY
Authors: Almeida Lenise Moura Fé
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma comparação direta entre a ética da futurologia jonasiana e o neopragmatismo rortyano no que diz respeito ao tema da esperança na prática política. Este tema foi amplamente discutido por Ernest Bloch que propõe um princípio esperança capaz de ser o impulso basilar para que o homem transcenda o presente em direção ao futuro. Por sua vez, Richard Rorty aborda este tema enquanto esperança social, que diz respeito à manutenção do orgulho nacional capaz de tornar-se condição necessária para o auto-aperfeiçoamento da sociedade. Porém, Hans Jonas trará a esse discurso da esperança uma perspectiva da ética da responsabilidade que prefere a prudência às previsões das ações a longo prazo enquanto promessa para um “mais” ou “melhor”.
DO EGOÍSMO PSICOLÓGICO À COMPAIXÃO METAFÍSICA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES SCHOPENHAUERIANAS PARA O DEBATE METAÉTICO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Guimarães José Luis De Barros
Published: April 2021

No livro IV, de O mundo como vontade e representação, Arthur Schopenhauer afirma que as ações humanas podem acontecer por motivos e quietivos. As ações que levam em consideração uma cadeia de motivações são sempre auto-dirigidas, tendo em mente que os indivíduos agem pra satisfação dos seus quereres particulares. Tais ações são classificadas pelo autor de egoístas por não levarem em consideração o outro, mas os desejos que preenchem a consciência humana no ato de agir. Nesse primeiro momento a leitura schopenhaueriana da “natureza humana” corrobora com o egoísmo psicológico, pois os indivíduos procuram afirmar a sua vontade de vida por entenderem intuitivamente que a impossibilidade de efetivação dessa pulsão vital denominada vontade promove carência, sofrimento. Porém, Schopenhauer reconhece que existem ações, embora raras, desinteressadas. Nesse momento o egoísmo é suprimido e o agente moral é tomado por uma compreensão metafísica do mundo que o faz agir por compaixão. Nossa pretensão é clarificar como se dá essa passagem do egoísmo psicológico à compaixão metafísica, segundo a visão de mundo schopenhaueriana, recolocando o autor no debate metaético contemporâneo.Abstract: In Book IV of The World as Will and Representation, Arthur Schopenhauer asserts that human actions can happen for reasons and quietivos. The actions that take into account a chain of motives are always self-addressed, bearing in mind that individuals act to the satisfaction of his wants private. Such actions are classified by the author as selfish by not taking into consideration the other, but the desires that fill the human consciousness in the act of acting. In that first moment reading Schopenhauer's "human nature" corroborates psychological egoism, since individuals seek to assert their will to live because they understand intuitively that the impossibility of effecting this vital instinct called deficiency promotes ease suffering. But Schopenhauer recognizes that there are actions, although rare, disinterested. At that moment the selfishness and deleted and moral agent is taken by a metaphysical understanding of the world that makes him act out of compassion. Our intention is to clarify how is this passage from psychological egoism to compassion metaphysics, according to Schopenhauer's worldview, placing the author in contemporary meta-ethical debate. Keywords: Will. Representation. Selfishness. Compassion.
EPISTEMOLOGIA DO TESTEMUNHO: críticas à refutação do reducionismo local quanto ao desempenho justificacional do testemunho
Authors: Da Silva Ronaldo Miguel
Published: April 2021

A epistemologia do testemunho tem reacendido forte interesse entre a classe dos atuais epistemólogos. Tem sido redescoberta a sua indispensabilidade epistêmica e reassumida a posição de que o testemunho é uma fonte de crenças penetrante e natural, no qual muitas das crenças nele fundamentadas constituem conhecimento e estão justificadas. Reducionistas e antirreducionistas se alternam, repetidamente, para explicar o papel epistêmico do testemunho na justificação da crença testemunhal, gerando um acirrado debate na epistemologia contemporânea. Advogada do Reducionismo local, Elizabeth Fricker refuta a relevância da justificação com base no testemunho para crença testemunhal. Com base nisso, este artigo propõe apresentar algumas críticas aos argumentos de refutação reducionista de Fricker quanto à possibilidade epistêmica do testemunho.Abstract: The epistemology of testimony has rekindled strong reigniting interest among the train of current epistemologists. Its epistemic indispensability has been unearthed anew and the importance that the testimony is a natural and pervasive source of beliefs has been recaptured as well, considering that many of the beliefs based on itself constitute knowledge and are justified. Reductionists and Anti-Reductionists alternate, repeatedly, explaining the epistemic role of testimony in justification of testimonial belief, generating a heated debate in contemporary epistemology. Reductionism local lawyer, Elizabeth Fricker, refutes the relevance of justification with testimony-based to testimonial belief. Based on that, this paper aims at presenting some criticism to the reductive refutation of Fricker’s arguments as to the epistemic possibility of testimony. Keywords: Epistemology of testimony. Testimonial justification. Local Reductionism. Anti-Reductionism. Inferential Support.
A CONSTITUIÇÃO EXISTENCIÁRIA DA HISTORICIDADE PRÓPRIA NA ANALÍTICA EXISTENCIAL DE SER E TEMPO
Authors: Tonin Jean
Published: April 2021

Nosso objetivo principal é desenvolver a compreensão do conceito existenciário de historicidade, no âmbito do gestar-se próprio do Dasein, tal como Heidegger explicita na na analítica existencial de Ser e Tempo. Primeiramente, busca-se discutir o conceito vulgar de historia em contraste ao qual o filósofo apresenta o gestar-se da existência. Após, trataremos do conceito de temporalidade originária, apontando para o âmbito no qual a existência sai da impessoalidade para o ser-resoluto. Por fim, apresentaremos a compreensão heideggeriana do conceito de historicidade própria, desenvolvendo o modo pelo qual o Dasein assume seu destino no gesta-se de si mesmo enquanto resoluto. Nesse desenvolvimento, acreditamos explicitar que a preocupação principal do filósofo não está na mera análise abstrata do existir, mas, muito mais, no papel da existência na continuidade do tempo histórico.