bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future of Aviation
Authors: Kurnaz Salim , Žilinskienė Deimantė
Published: May 2022

The aviation industry, which gained momentum in the 20th century, has become one of the pioneers of the transportation industry in the 21st century. Thanks to the speed of technological developments, this great and rapid development increases the importance of the sector day by day. This rapid growth in the aviation sector has been interrupted from time to time due to world wars, economic, or social crisis. Lessons learned from the crises are important factors that enable one to be prepared for future crises. For this reason, it is considered that it will be useful to examine the damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic to the aviation sector and to reveal the right and wrong practices made during the emergence of the pandemic.
A Qualitative Study on Determination of Consumer Behavior in the Axis of Civil Aviation Enterprises During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Arğın Emrah
Published: May 2022

As a result of impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the whole world, it has also affected civil aviation enterprises. In this regard, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many situations such as stopping the flights, reducing the passenger capacity, and taking the necessary hygiene measures. In this study, it is aimed to determine the issues faced by the individuals who have to travel during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, with the determination of individuals' preference or non-preference towards airlines during the pandemic period, it will be determined how and in what way consumer behaviors are during the pandemic period. Hence, it is aimed to provide a perspective on what measures should be taken in terms of gaining target audiences, along with maintaining crisis management and recognizing the consumer behaviors in aviation enterprises.
Business Continuity and Marketing as Challenges in the Post-COVID-19 Aviation Industry
Authors: Rodrigues António
Published: May 2022

The pandemic showed that any sector of economic activity should never underestimate the external environment, which in itself is an uncontrollable variable, thus leading companies to demonstrate flexibility and adaptability, without losing sight of the focus of profitability. There are no miracle recipes, but reinventing the business model is a matter of survival for companies. We live in the “age of experience,” where customers continue to be the focus of business strategy. That's why it is imperative to ensure business continuity through preparation, response, and recovery from these incidents. This is the purpose of the ISO 22301 standard in helping organizations to minimize the risk associated with disruptive events, specifying the necessary requirements to plan, implement, monitor, and continuously improve a management system that allows quickly and effectively to respond to the challenges that may affect the organization. Once business continuity is assured, marketing has the path open to exercise its main objective: to create value for the customer of the new normal.
Practice to Promise
Authors: DeHart Jason D.
Published: May 2022

This chapter draws upon the self-study methodology to examine the ways in which the author has considered pedagogy as a notion of practice moving to a fulfilled promise in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, with particular attention to digital literacy and online learning. In exploring self-study as a methodology for pedagogy examination, the work of Samaras and Freese serves as a foundation, along with the work of Feldman. The work begins autobiographically before considering themes that underscore the author's experience.
Leveraging Digital and Cloud-Based Tools for Contextualized Assessment of Critical Writing
Authors: Shepherd Gregory
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines instructional and assessment models for learning activities that lead to critical thinking and writing in remote and online classroom environments. Activity design principles and group work management strategies will support these models. Assessment models that encourage contextualized feedback and personalized evaluations of learning will be advanced over mere knowledge measurement and rubric administration. Finally, electronic tools such as learning management systems, feedback delivery through cloud-based platforms, and digital badges that assist in assessing student learning in formative and summative tasks will receive detailed attention.
Innovative Techniques Used in Zimbabwean Schools to Educate Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Masiya Jona , Chitiyo Jonathan
Published: May 2022

Zimbabwe was as seriously affected by the COVID-19 pandemic as other nations across the globe. On March 30, 2020, the Zimbabwe government imposed the first 21-day lockdown for the entire country. Since then, the countrywide lockdown was extended throughout the whole 2020 year. All schools remained closed; however, teachers used innovative strategies to teach and assess students virtually. This chapter explores the creative techniques used in Zimbabwean schools to educate students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
“Measurement and Evaluation” Course in Face-to-Face and Distance Education
Authors: Aliustaoğlu Feyza
Published: May 2022

This chapter covers the examples of applications for the implementation of the “Measurement and Evaluation” course in face-to-face and distance education processes in mathematics education and the prospective mathematics teachers' opinions about these applications. The course took 14 weeks to complete: 6 weeks of face-to-face education and 8 weeks of distance education due to the COVID-19 outbreak. At the end of the semester, the opinions of the prospective mathematics teachers were taken about face-to-face and distance education. Prospective teachers generally stated that they found the course videos useful for understanding the subject, the assignments helped them consolidate the learned subject, and the third assignment in particular was comprehensive and useful. They stated that face-to-face education was advantageous in terms of being able to ask questions and active participation, and distance education was advantageous in terms of being able to watch the course videos again.
Cloud Computing Applications in Social Work and Education
Authors: Fadhil Estabraq Abbas , Toker Sacip
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides overall information related to cloud computing technology. Initially, it explains an overview history of the technology. In addition, the components of cloud computing and how these components interact each other are described for a better understanding of lay persons. The distinctive fundamental characteristics of cloud computing are also listed. The chapter illuminates the service and deployment models of cloud computing. Moreover, the benefits and challenges are examined. Another section of the chapter highlights possible implementations of cloud computing in education and compares these implementations between the developing and developed country perspectives. More specifically, the services currently being used in the education domain are also emphasized. Finally, the possibility of using cloud computing in social work as an information technology or systems solutions is considered.
DAOs vs. PBCs for Public Administration and Social Policy Entities
Authors: Wright Steven A.
Published: May 2022

The law in most countries has long recognized entities other than individual humans a matter of social policy. Entities recognized by the law are subject to the benefits of legal enforcement of applicable rights (e.g., property ownership rights) and burdens (e.g., taxation). Legal identities are thus a fundamental characteristic of modern society. Corporations are traditional, non-human legal entities. Public benefit corporations have recently emerged as a new type of corporation. Technology advancements have also created robots and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) that are also gaining legal recognition. This chapter reviews and contrasts recent traditional and cyber evolutions of corporate legal entities. The benefits and challenges of the cyber approaches for corporate entities are developed and positioned within broader digital transformation trends impacting public and private sectors and accelerated by the recent pandemic.
On Anti-Asian Hate as an Ego-Based and Social-Political Force in a Time of COVID-19
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, which started in late 2019 and continues through the present, has resulted in the scapegoating of Asians globally, according to crime reports and journalistic reportage. This chapter explores the phenomenon of anti-Asian hate both as a personal (ego-level person-related) and social-political (group or population-level) force during a pandemic. This focuses more specifically on the mixed roles of some U.S. leaders and politicians and the communications on the Social Web. In the 2020-2021 timeframe, U.S. political leaders have evoked the “China virus” to garner votes and political contributions and political loyalty, even as the legislature put into place laws against anti-Asian violence and law enforcement stepped up to prevent more race-on-race violence. Concurrently, there were incidences of racial strife expressed on the Social Web. This work is comprised of a review of the journalistic and academic literature and includes the extraction of related social media expressions (such as #stopasianhate and #stopaapihate).
Social Media
Authors: Şanal Musa , Öztürk Murat , Ertan Buse
Published: May 2022

In this review, giving short information about the definition and historical development of social media has been aimed, but the primary focus of this review has been emphasizing salient studies about social media. Social media is not just a tool for organizing, socializing, entertaining, or building community; it has become a part of our lives today. It also has significant effects on psychology, firm profits, community health, and so on.
The Effect of Total Quality Management on Supply Chain Management in the Digital World
Authors: Tamer Gülay
Published: May 2022

The dimensional structure was revealed by the exploratory factor analysis of supply chain management (SCM) scale and total quality management (TQM) scale. The scales applied in the research and construct validity were checked by the confirmatory factor analysis of the dimensions. In the reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha values and values of composite reliability and convergence reliability were calculated. The relationship between total quality management (TQM) and supply chain management (SCM) was revealed by the correlation analysis. The effect of total quality management (TQM) on the variable of supply chain management (SCM) was tested by the structural equation model applied by implicit variables. And the comparison of total dimensions and sub-dimensions of supply chain management (SCM) scale and of total quality management (TQM) scale as per demographic attributes were analyzed by the independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The Role of the Diaspora in Strengthening Azerbaijani-Russian Relations
Authors: Garayeva Laman
Published: May 2022

Development of relations between Azerbaijanis around the world and assistance in the formation of diaspora organizations in foreign countries are priorities of the policy of the Azerbaijani government. It is noteworthy that one of the most powerful Azerbaijani diasporas is the diaspora in the territory of the Russian Federation. The Azerbaijanis, who were on the territory of a foreign state, tried to stay together, rallying to various groups, the most effective of which were “Ojag” and FNKA “AzerRos,” a youth organization AMOR All-Russian Azerbaijan Congress. The history of settlement and residence of Russians in Azerbaijan covers a period of more than 160 years. In order to preserve and develop the Russian language, culture, and traditions, as well as the languages and traditions of the peoples of the Russian Federation, Russian compatriots living in Azerbaijan created public associations. The most numerous of them are the Russian community, the Commonwealth, the Tatar Society of Tugan Tel, the Cossack Land of Azerbaijan, and others.
Threats to Energy Security and Energy Policies in Central Asia and the Middle East
Authors: Chaychi Semsari Mortaza , Keskin Oğuz
Published: May 2022

Energy security constitutes one of the important issues in international relations in shaping world politics and has a strategic importance in the economic decision-making processes of countries. Ensuring energy security in various geographies of the world is of vital importance not only in the region but also in terms of international balances. Therefore, states can access energy resources without any risk to transfer energy safely. After reaching reasonable and practical energy sources, they struggle to achieve energy access without changing governments or regimes. Safe energy transfer is essential for sustainable economic development. In this direction, two factors gain importance in energy security. The first is the increasing energy needs of developed countries, as well as the increase in energy consumption of rapidly developing countries such as India and China and the re-regulation of the world energy balances, and the second is that a significant number of energy resources are located in countries that do not have a stable management, and the resulting is a security problem.
Opportunities and Challenges of Enterprise Development in the Blue Economy
Authors: Nurein Saheed Adebowale
Published: May 2022

There has been rapid expansion on the blue economy activities driven by the increase in the global population, technology, climate change, trade, and economic growth. However, developing economies such as Nigeria are still struggling with identifying the untapped opportunities and curbing the existing threats and challenges to achieve a sustainable blue economy. The attention of this review focuses on highlighting the opportunities and challenges of enterprise development in a BE, specifically in the context of a developing economy such as Nigeria. The aim of this review is to create more awareness on the opportunities and challenges facing enterprise development in BE in a developing economy and proffer basis for further research. This study recommends that Nigeria government should focus on creating home-grown innovation and improve governance in the economy to address the challenges crippling its BE to create and achieve a sustainable enterprise development.
Broad Overview of the Core Aspects and the Dispute Settlement Framework of the Draft High Seas Treaty
Authors: Al-Ameen Abayomi
Published: May 2022

This chapter reviews the draft High Sea Treaty (draft HST) and the on-going deliberations and proposals in the different aspects of the document. With the aim of identifying the potential post-ratification challenges that may be faced in the implementation of the draft HST, this chapter critically reviews the proposals for dispute resolution by various stakeholders. This is done primarily by reviewing the UNCLOS system, which is directly referenced in the Draft HST. As regards the debate on the appropriate forum, the chapter analyses the proposal to adopt the International Tribunal on the Laws of the Sea (ITLOS) and other alternative propositions.
Blue Economy of the Arctic
Authors: Tianming Gao , Erokhin Vasilii
Published: May 2022

With the emergence of economic globalization, the concept of the blue economy has evolved from fisheries to a wider context that comprised all kinds of biological and mineral resources, maritime trade, shipping, energy, and tourism. Intensive economic exploration of water areas is changing ecosystems, affecting biodiversity, and threatening sustainability. The transformations are felt globally in a form of climate change and environmental degradation, but the Arctic has appeared to be particularly vulnerable. Using the case of China, this chapter attempts to contribute to the convergence of economic benefits of exploring the Arctic with the urgent need for the protection of a fragile Arctic environment. The authors discuss how China's involvement in the Arctic-related activities can benefit the sustainable development of the blue economy in the region.
Bioclimatic Characterisation Methodology of a City
Authors: Román López Emilia , Higueras García Ester , Neila González Francisco Javier
Published: May 2022

There is a two-way interaction between the climate and the city. Significant thermal differences may appear between one area and another in big urban areas with diverse urban fabric. This research determines the bioclimatic characterisation of all city neighbourhoods, focusing on the case study of the city of Málaga (Spain) using the definition of urban bioclimatic areas (UBA). The methodology used is based on selecting key factors (geographic and climatic) and in multi-criteria analysis, applied at territorial and urban scale, by geographic information systems (GIS). The results obtained show the microclimatic thermal differences in the city that may help to develop specific urban proposals to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals: SDG.3-Health and well-being, SDG.11-Sustainable cities and communities, and SDG.15-Life of terrestrial ecosystems, within the framework of action proposed by the New Urban Agenda 2030 and heathier neighbourhoods.
Dynamic Glazing With Higher Thermal and Optical Performance for Zero Energy Building Design
Authors: del Ama Gonzalo Fernando , Zannoni Allison L. , Moreno Santamaria Belen , Hernandez Ramos Juan Antonio H.
Published: May 2022

One of the most critical objectives in buildings is their adaptation to environmental conditions in order to optimize energy performance as well as the thermal and visual comfort of the occupants. This issue is relevant, for example, in public buildings that incorporate large glazed surfaces, where overheating and a lack of thermal and visual comfort are common, especially in Mediterranean countries. The headmost cause of increased air conditioning loads is direct solar radiation on transparent surfaces. However, the significant losses through glazed surfaces in cold climates also cannot be ignored. Therefore, solar protections must be used, thus observing the harmful effects of the absence of solar radiation on energy loads in winter. This chapter aims to study and compare construction materials recently introduced to the market, such as dynamic glasses, with significantly higher thermal and optical performance than traditional glasses.
Dynamic of Construction Robotics to Develop Affordable Housing in Latin American Cities
Authors: Cubillos-González Rolando-Arturo
Published: May 2022

Latin America is one of the most urbanized regions. It implies a high demand for housing for the low-income population of this region in the face of climate change. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a delayed technology transition in the region. Although recently it has been observed that the construction industry and Latin American governments from the pandemic are promoting disruptive actions in this industry. The promotion of robotic construction in Latin America is an alternative to this problem. Construction robotics is an opportunity for sustainable development in Latin America. It is essential to update the construction sector by orienting it towards implementing this type of technology. Technology transfer plays a prominent role in the dissemination of this new paradigm. What is the dynamic of construction robotics to develop affordable housing in Latin American cities? This chapter aims to identify the dynamic of construction robotics to develop affordable housing in Latin American cities.
Green Infrastructure as a Nature-Based Recovery Strategy for Natural Areas in Desert Developing Countries of the South Pacific Coastal Strip
Authors: Alva Aarón Alberto Abad , Zegarra Estela Karem Samamé , Lezcano Roberto Alonso González
Published: May 2022

The present research is part of a wider qualitative study that aims to assist cities in the South Pacific developing countries with the recovery of natural areas through a green infrastructure-based approach, following a case study method. The overarching purpose of this study is to pinpoint relevant contributing elements for the successful implementation of the green infrastructure approach aiming at providing Peruvian coastal cities with novel sustainable environmental policies. To foster the conservation of the natural or semi-natural ecosystems converging with the cities, the following specific objectives were set: 1) to carry out a comprehensive physical and spatial analysis of the natural areas of Chimbote and Nuevo Chimbote; 2) to review the Peruvian regulatory framework, at the national and municipal levels, as well as international standards on the conservation of natural areas; and 3) to explore a scenario featuring the disappearance of these Peruvian coastal natural spaces and its associated consequences.
Green Knowledge and Technology and Their Implications in Organizational Green Innovation, Urban Green Innovation Spaces, and Green Roofs
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: May 2022

This study aims to analyze the implications of green knowledge and technology in organizational green innovation, urban green innovation, and green roofs. The analysis is supported by the assumption that green sharing knowledge and technology is basic to organizational green innovation and urban green innovation areas practices, operations, and activities. The methods employed are based on the analytical-reflective and descriptive supported with the review of theoretical and empirical literature. The analysis concludes that green knowledge sharing is relevant to create and develop the green technology with positive implications for organizational green innovation, urban green innovation areas, and green roofs.
Research of Alternative Ecological Waste Materials Used in Geopolymers for Sustainable Built Environments
Authors: mahmoud Ziada  , Tammam Yosra , Erdem Savaş
Published: May 2022

Infrastructure and industrial projects continue to expand, resulting in a steady rise in demand for cement. However, it is claimed that nature and the environment suffer significant harm throughout the cement manufacturing process due to the cement factory's greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, economic difficulties have emerged as a result of energy usage during manufacturing. As a result, waste materials have begun to be utilized in geopolymer concrete in place of cement. Therefore, environmentally friendly materials with a low carbon footprint have been in high demand across the world's building sector. Activators are used with waste materials as binders of geopolymers without using cement. Thus, geopolymers have gained importance due to their environmental compatibility, sustainability, and durability. This chapter comprehensively reviews the environmental suitability of geopolymers produced using waste materials. In addition, the authors tried to collect most geopolymer physical, mechanical, microstructural, and durability properties.
Smart City Buildings for a Resilient, Sustainable Future
Authors: Bijlani Vinod Anand
Published: May 2022

We are living in rapidly changing times where the world is running low on its carbon budget in trying to rapidly transition to net zero. We are also living amidst transformations, innovation, and operational modernization to be able to provide for a Smart City, including climate health. Future smart cities demand a balanced blend of data and technology to create diversely inclusive and sustainable solutions. In this chapter, the author focuses on how smart buildings can be designed for a sustainable future, exploring the possibilities of converting existing buildings into interoperable spaces, powered by technology and data. While the author outlines the differences between brownfield and greenfield smart buildings, he makes a case for each and explains their potential in achieving productive sustainability. The chapter delineates some of the policy implementations required to align smart buildings with sustainable climate action and substantiates global practices with ROI data. The author concludes the chapter by offering the way forward in the urban sustainability journey.
Sustainability and Health in a Smart City
Authors: Bijlani Vinod Anand
Published: May 2022

Smart cities have so far focused on improving citizens' standards of living, with emphasis on better transportation, improved housing spaces and workplaces, and energy conservation. A pandemic-stricken world emerging to adopt a new normal has shifted the focus to health and hastened the need for leveraging technology, including but not limited to Blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the internet of things (IoT) to enable Smart Cities to move to the next level of wellbeing. With public health and sustainability in the spotlight, civic agencies and government bodies are now alert to potential future contingencies that cannot be ruled out. This chapter emphasizes the need for a future-proofed healthcare system within sustainable Smart Cities that not only foresees and contains public health emergencies but also provides for its citizens' general wellbeing.
Pollen-Spore Transport Into Antarctica and Possible Past Climatic Oscillations
Authors: Bera Samir
Published: May 2022

During XIX-XX Indian Antarctic Expedition (IAE), two sediment cores were collected. The occurrence of the exotic pollen taxa like Larix, Ulmus, grasses, few herbs, local moss spores, and other cryptogams prove the activity of the palaeowind, which in turn caused transportation microbiota from a long distance. The study of pollen-spores accumulation in polar air (deduced from slide exposures from 40° S) to Antarctic mainland studied for two years (2000 and 2001) as well as surface deposits (45 moss tuft, 15 lichen samples, 10 frozen soils, 10 moraine matrix) is well corroborated with lake sediment study. Ten bulk ice samples from the Antarctic ice cap (5 litres of ice melt) from Schirmacher Oasis were studied to recover trapped palynodebris to understand the depositional pattern of various microbiota in the Antarctic ice sheet.
Studies on Seismotectonics and Geodynamical Processes Between India and Antarctica
Authors: Malaimani E. C. , Ravikumar N. , Rao S. V. R. R. , Padhy S. , Akilan A. , Abilash K. , Prem Kishore L. , Navinchander G. B. , Srinivas G. S. , Gowrishankar U. , Raju I. P. , Murthy Y. V. V. B. S. N. , Venkatrayudu M. , Rao A. Nageshwara
Published: May 2022

Seismotectonic and the geodynamical processes between India and Antarctica are essential. During the initial 25 years of Indian expeditions, India's National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) launched a GPS-Geodesy programme by establishing a permanent GPS tracking station and a state-of-the-art Digital Broad Band Seismological Observatory Maitri during 1997. Both these stations have been continuously operational. It addresses the crustal deformation in the south of the Indian peninsula, the driving mechanisms, and the response of the Indian Ocean lithosphere bringing a deep understanding of the causes of the accumulation processes of strain in the Indian Ocean and the northward movement of the Indian plate.
Golden Years in Social Media World
Authors: Miranda Sandra Lopes , Antunes Ana Cristina
Published: May 2022

The context of demographic aging, combined with the wide dissemination of information and communication technologies (ICT), in the various domains of society defined a set of challenges, potentialities, and limits for seniors (65+). Although there is a positive evolution regarding adhesion and even domestication of ICT by this age segment, namely the internet and digital social networking sites, the literature review presents us with an immature, limited, and fragmented field of study, comprising an immense space of evolution. Aware of the strength, magnitude, and considerable ignorance of the action of seniors in the network society, this chapter intends to map, through a review of the multidisciplinary literature, how the relationship of seniors with ICTs is configured. In addition, usage behavior, as well as the drivers, and the consequences for the elderly of navigating digital social networks are also analyzed.
Population Aging and Prospect of China's Elderly Care and Its Related Industries
Authors: Liu Mei , Ma Qing-Ping
Published: May 2022

China becomes an aging society in a pace much faster than other countries because of its one-child policy implemented since 1980. This chapter examines the current situation of population aging in China, the government policies and regulations surrounding elderly care, and the experiences of other Asian and Oceanian countries in dealing with population aging. The rapid population aging poses severe challenges for the elderly care in China, which has not established an adequate social security system, but it also provides abundant opportunities for enterprises and entrepreneurs in the aging industry from other Asian and Oceanian countries as well as China. China can learn from the experiences of industrialized Asian and Oceanian countries and regions in developing its elderly care industry.
Enhancing Africa's Agri-Value Chains Through Digital Platforms
Authors: Umukoro Immanuel Ovemeso
Published: May 2022

Africa's food security may be at risk if food production does not increase, especially given that by 2023, African food market will more than triple in demand by moving from $300 billion to $1 trillion. However, country-specific interventions have not provided the desired impact towards guaranteeing food security. Across different agricultural value chains, wastages due to lack of access to markets, poor storage, lack of logistics, transport and power infrastructure, among several others. There is, however, the possibility of strengthening these value chains with the right technology deployment. This requires significant investment, which is most effective using collaborative stakeholder approach. The private sector has shown signs of resilience in investing in agriculture by finding the right business models such as digital platforms which are in themselves scalable businesses. Through an interrogative literature review and analysis of case studies, this chapter explores the role of digital platforms in enhancing diverse agricultural value chains across Africa.
Sustainable Development in Agriculture
Authors: Bhatnagar Vaibhav , Poonia Ramesh C.
Published: May 2022

Agriculture is the prime source of livelihood for human beings, animals, and all living beings. Agriculture also plays a vital role in the economy of India. This chapter describes the importance of agriculture and factors affecting the development of agriculture. The international scenario of agriculture, current status of Indian agriculture, and position of Rajasthan (state in India) in agriculture are described in this chapter. The total production, total imports and exports, method of irrigation, net area of irrigation, types of crops, fertilization consumption, and highlight of Union Budget 2018-19 of Indian agriculture are described in this chapter. The geography of Rajasthan according to agriculture, production of crop, and consumption of fertilization are also elaborated in this chapter. This chapter is concluded with future perspectives of India agriculture.
Future of Water
Authors: Vaseashta Ashok
Published: May 2022

We live in a fancy world of global digitization, decarbonization, artificial intelligence, smart and connected cities using 5/6G, biomimicking, and 3/4D printing living organs, yet the two looming challenges to human existence are climate change and water shortages. The two “grand” challenges contrast each other in that, while the former would affect society as a whole, the latter would affect every individual for the basic existence. Whilst existing megatrends dealing with sustainability brace themselves to mitigate global warming, it seems that, scientifically, we are unacceptably equipped to address the issue of water shortages. It is critical to articulate the future of water, which includes a paradigm shift in its production, use, reuse, recycle, and discharge. This chapter reimagines the future of water from a holistic standpoint including transdisciplinary research. The topic must be approached from a fundamental viewpoint to include historical perspectives, nature, and the latest technology advances (viz., artificial intelligence, deep learning, and exponential technologies).
Comparative Study of Kinetics of Catalytic Oxidation Process With Fenton's Reagent of Anionic (2-EHS) and Cationic (CTAB) Surfactants
Authors: Gonta Maria Vasile , Porubin-Schimbator Veronica , Mocanu Larisa
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, a comparative degradation/mineralization study of two surfactants—the anionic surfactant 2-ethyl-hexyl Sodium Sulfate (2-EHS) and the cationic surfactant Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB)— was performed using a combination of AOPs: Fe(II)/H2O2. From experimental studies, it has been established that the optimal pH for the oxidation of surfactants (CTAB and 2-EHS) is the same, and is 2.5. And the optimal concentrations of Fenton reagent for the model system containing cationic surfactant [CTAB]=20 mg/L are [Fe2+]=1*10-3 M, [H2O2]=1*10-3 M and for the model system that contains anionic surfactant [2-EHS]=20 mg/L are [Fe2+]=8*10-4 M, [H2O2]=1*10-3 M. The degradation kinetics of 2-EHS was much faster compared to that of CTAB. As a result of experimental research, it was found that the degradation and mineralization process of anionic surfactant (2-EHS) is highly efficient, and the degree of oxidation/mineralization is 90% compared to cationic surfactant (CTAB), which has an efficiency equal to 50%.
Groundwater Resource Investigation Using Isotope Technology on River-Sea Systems
Authors: Bogdevich Oleg , Duca Gheorghe , Sidoroff Manuela Elisabeta , Stanica Adrian , Persoiu Aurel , Vaseashta Ashok
Published: May 2022

The chapter presents a review of the case study by the implementation of the stable isotope technology for the evaluation of the water cycle and water resource formation in the transboundary region between Romania, Ukraine, and the Republic of Moldova under the impact of climate change. The groundwater is an especially important resource for sustainable development in this situation for the studied region. The isotope tools and related modeling approaches are particularly useful for the groundwater flow evaluation and determination of the recharge sources. The cooperation and synergism between existing European research infrastructure project IAEA technical cooperation projects are considered for the future development of this scientific direction in the Danube River basin and Black Sea region at all.
Clathrate Hydrates
Authors: Lipkowski Janusz , Manakov Andrey Yu
Published: May 2022

Water is a mysterious substance; being hydrophilic (by definition), it can capture hydrophobic or hydrophobic-hydrophilic species forming different kinds of hydrate inclusion compounds. Hydrate inclusion compounds can be formed by a variety of molecules and molecular associates, which are commonly referred to as guests. Common to all these compounds is the presence of a more or less complex framework built of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. This framework is commonly referred to as the host framework. The chapter deals with two major issues associated with clathration of natural methane by water: (1) possible uses and state of the art in methane hydrate exploitation and (2) disaster risks associated with possible eruptions of methane from submarine deposits being the major component of natural methane stored on Earth.
pH-Metric Determination of the Equilibrium Constants in Aqueous Heterogeneous Systems
Authors: Povar Igor , Spinu Oxana , Mucci Alfonso
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, original methods for determining thermodynamic properties such as the equilibrium activity product or solubility product of sparingly soluble compounds and the stability constants of complexes are described. Methods for determining concentration product and solubility are based solely on pH measurements of the saturated aqueous solutions for a known initial composition of the heterogeneous mixture and the equilibrium constants of an arbitrary set of possible side reactions in the solution. In the case of sparingly soluble acids or hydroxides, the determination of the solubility (Sol) and solubility product (KS) is also possible in the presence of other acids and bases of known concentrations. Sol and KS were calculated from known experimental pH data for a series of hydroxides, acids, neutral and acidic salts MmHxAy(S), as well as basic/mixed salts Mm(OH)xAy(S) of arbitrary composition.
Metal Recovery From Polluted Water Using Electrochemical Technologies
Authors: Arora Gitanjali , Srivastava Anamika , Srivastava Manish , Rawat Varun , Banger Anjali , Yadav Shubhangi , Singhal Shubhangi
Published: May 2022

Water is one of the most important issues of our time intertwined with global warming and population expansion. The management of water supplies and the conservation of water resources remains one of the most challenging yet exciting issues of our time. These rapidly growing industries spill out a lot of hazardous plastic waste, oil waste, chemicals waste, masonry and concrete, vegetable matter, and many more wastes in the water. It is of major concern that these industries are contaminating throughout the world. Oily sludge obtained as a waste from petroleum or refinery industries contain significant metal ions which thoroughly mix and pollute the water. Metal ions like As, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Mn are found in oily sludge of refinery industry and may harm plants, animals, and humans due to their long-term preservation and also causes groundwater contamination. These metals are recovered by electrochemical methods, which attempt to target recycling heavy metal resources with minimizing energy consumption, boost recovery efficiency, and realize the commercial application.
Effect of Water on Activity and Protective Properties of Catalysts Used in Respiratory Protective Equipment
Authors: Rakitskaya Tatyana Leonidovna , Kiose Tatyana A. , Truba Alla S. , Ennan Alim Abdul-Amidovich
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents the results of the study on the water effect on the activity and protective properties of supported metal-complexes catalysts (SMCC) and manganese oxides intended for equipping personal respiratory protection equipment (PRPE) against toxic carbon monoxide and ozone. The problem is that many catalysts reduce or completely lose activity in conditions of high air humidity and do not ensure stable air purification from gaseous toxic substances to maximum permissible concentrations for the working area. The factors determining the effect of water are the water vapor adsorption, adsorbed water molecules protolysis, and dehydration of the carrier surface. The quantitative model is evaluated by the generalized thermodynamic parameter GTP, with which aid it is possible to predict the mechanism of formation and the catalytic-active complexes composition. The natural tripoli and acidic-modified clinoptilolite-based catalysts demonstrate steady CO protecting properties under the air-gas flow high humidity and are used for equipment PRPE.
Water and Sanitation Infrastructure Access in Selected Rural Communities
Authors: Medayese Samuel , Ali Balikis Ajoke , Popoola Ayobami Abayomi , Olaniyan Olamide Martins , Shittu Kolawole Adebayo , Adeleye Bamiji Michael , Babalola Taiwo Oladapo , Blamah Nunyi Vachaku , Popoola Ojoma Gloria , Owoyemi-Medayese Omowumi
Published: May 2022

Access to potable water and sanitation promotion is critical to public health and community development. The rural communities of Garatu and Gidanmangoro were selected for a comparative investigation of the challenges households faced in accessing water and sanitation facilities. The study used primary data collected through survey questionnaire administration. Findings revealed that many of the respondents are female. In Garatu, 79%, and Gidanmangoro, 56%, have access to boreholes, while no residents of the two communities have access to the pipe water. The results also indicated that only about 17% of respondents have access to a water closet facility. The study revealed that the challenges associated with access to water and sanitation facilities include slow pace of domestic and commercial activities, household children absence or lateness to school, water unaffordability, and social friction and quarrels resulting from the long queue at the water point. It is recommended that attention be placed upon potable water facilities to improve household access in rural communities.
A Matter of “Care-Full” Consideration
Authors: Alexander Cynthia Jacqueline , Tureen Amy
Published: May 2022

Higher education leaders are well-positioned to help advance the preconditions of and the foundations for well-being among people and among humans vis-à-vis nature. Campus leaders have distinctive opportunities and unique resources to address well-being, even in the absence of institutional supports. The authors draw from the literature to illustrate how diverse campus leaders are advancing well-being on campuses, individually and collectively, by breaking through institutional barriers, disrupting unjust policy action and inaction, and challenging dominant narratives that violate human rights and constrain civil liberties; by resisting corporate definitions of work-life balance; by privileging diverse knowledge forms, modes of communications, and ways of being; by re-centering civic mindedness and the common good; by embracing more holistic understandings of well-being; and by honoring humanity's dependence on eco-system diversity. In uncertain times, it is crucial that campus leaders engage in dialogue to advance health and well-being across and beyond campus communities.
Promoting Campus Wellness Through the Lens of Mental Health Counselors
Authors: Phillips Brittney , Hale Mason , Michael Tony
Published: May 2022

Pressure to perform academically, financial stress, and accessibility of entering higher education institutions are common factors that impact the mental health of college students. Findings have suggested the mental health needs of college students worsened due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a conceptualized mental health counseling perspective for promoting campus wellness with a growth-oriented philosophy that emphasizes how to support college students through SAMHSA's wellness model. The SAMHSA wellness model addresses eight domains: emotional, environmental, intellectual, occupational, physical, social, financial, and spiritual. Each domain will be explored with practical strategies for faculty and higher education leaders to implement across a campus setting.
Identifying Burnout Syndrome in a Private University in the State of Puebla, Mexico
Authors: Montaudon-Tomas Cynthia M. , Pinto-López Ingrid N. , Amsler Anna
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents a study performed in a private university in the state of Puebla, Mexico to analyze the effects of remote work on the health and well-being of faculty during the third trimester of 2020 that could lead to burnout. The study includes working conditions, psychosomatic factors, and emotional exhaustion. Results have been analyzed based on gender differences. The university authorities decided to take on the challenge of identifying and tackling increasing well-being issues, especially considering two official regulations in the country that deal with psychosocial risks and remote work. Different activities and webinars were developed to help faculty and staff make self-care part of their daily routine during social distancing, thus reducing added stress and burnout.
Core Curriculum
Authors: Alexander Cynthia J.
Published: May 2022

In 2020-2021, many university and college students and faculty experienced heightened stress given new virtual learning environments, the persistent digital divide, the global COVID-19 pandemic, and other issues. The author shares how offering students mindfulness pauses during virtual classes helped them to do the ‘heavy lifting' of unpacking challenging policy issues, from the ongoing human rights violations that Indigenous peoples continue to face around the world to the lack of policy action on the climate crisis. Students shared that the mindfulness pauses provided opportunities to check-in with themselves in a more holistic way, enabling them to concentrate more effectively on difficult subjects and to feel more empowered. The mindfulness practices offered a way for students to resist the ‘gravitational pull' of the Default Mode of neo-colonialism in the process of decolonizing themselves, as illustrated in an applied theoretical framework that the author co-created called The Default to Deliberation Framework (D2 Framework).
Using Virtual Cohorts for Wellness, Problem-Solving, and Leadership Development
Authors: Lemon Erick , Tureen Amy , Martin Joyce , Hoffman Starr , Thuna Mindy , Miller Willie
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores the efficacy of virtual cohorts and how they may positively affect both leadership skills and wellness for emerging and current leaders. The authors initially met at Harvard University's Leadership Institute for Academic Librarians (LIAL) program in 2018 and then continued to meet virtually on a regular basis for the following four years. Cohort meetings emphasized practicing the skill sets taught at LIAL. This included both case study writing and Lee Bolman and Terrence Deal's “four frames” model. The authors self-administered surveys to assess the impact of participating in the cohort on a number of criteria including perceived value of the cohort, impact on the skill sets prioritized by the cohort, perceived wellness benefit during the trials of COVID-19, and cohort influence and/or impact on career progression. The chapter also includes recommendations for the development of future cohorts including best practices for scheduling, membership, and cohort focus.
Mutually Beneficial Mentoring for Mental Wellness and Personal Growth
Authors: Papson Alexander , Dehmlow Mark
Published: May 2022

The Hesburgh Libraries at the University of Notre Dame have implemented a mentorship program that provides a structure for recently hired librarians to learn about the organization, to provide advice that considers the institutional context, and to elucidate the roles and responsibilities of library faculty. In the fall of 2012, the Hesburgh Libraries hired a Metadata and Digital Collections Librarian. The Organizational Development Librarian paired him with a senior manager overseeing IT in the libraries. Throughout this chapter the authors will discuss how their work together has matured their perspectives, how their professional relationship has evolved over time and helped them both to practice new skills and learn new approaches together, how the meetings provide a safe space to talk through challenges openly, and offer some tips on how to start a mentoring relationship on one's own.
Gatekeepers to Education and Care
Authors: Ferrette Tiffany
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the ecosystems that support children and families in early care and education, that lead to the transition into K-12 schools. Since America's inception, child rearing and development have been considerations for families, but as the nation industrialized and racially and socially integrated the need for public systems of care and education emerged. In recent times, state governments have established various accountability systems to create more “cohesive, equitable, and effective early childhood systems.” These systems gatekeep the conditions for early care and education. However, government is not the sole early childhood stakeholder. Parents, providers, teachers, community members, and researchers are all stakeholders in the research, policy, practice, and governance of early care and education. This chapter delves into the why behind policy and governance—who supports children's earliest years and what are the considerations to do so equitably and efficiently to provide a smooth transition to elementary education?