bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Teaching Picture-books on Iranian Elementary EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Hashemifardnia Arash , Namaziandost Ehsan , Rahimi Esfahani Fariba
Published: September 2018

Regarding the attractiveness of picture books, this study examined the impacts of teaching picture books on vocabulary learning of 40 Iranian elementary students. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups of 20; one experimental and one control. Then, their knowledge of vocabulary was assessed through administering a researcher-made vocabulary pre-test.  After that, the researchers started to teach the experimental group through teaching picture-book of Starters Word List Picture Book. The words were taught to the students and they were required to match each word with its picture. The control group was instructed through their school textbook (Prospect One). The words were taught without their pictures; the words were read and simultaneously the students were wanted to repeat them and write their Persian equivalents. After the instruction ended, a vocabulary post-test was given to determine the effects of the treatment on the students’ vocabulary learning. The results of paired and independent samples t-tests indicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group on the post-test.  It was also revealed that teaching through picture books resulted in better vocabulary learning.
Factores que inciden en la institucionalizaciòn de las personas adultas mayores en el centro residencial “Ignacia Rodulfo Vda. de Canevaro” – 2016
Authors: Rea Ortega Paola
Published: September 2018

El objetivo de la presente investigación es: Caracterizar los factores que inciden en la institucionalización de las personas adultas mayores del Centro Residencial “Ignacia Rodulfo Vda. de Canevaro”. El tipo de investigación es aplicada, descriptiva, cuantitativa y transversal. El nivel de investigación es descriptivo. El método general es la metodología de investigación científica y los métodos particulares son inductivo-deductivo, análisis síntesis, observacional y estadístico. El diseño de la investigación es descriptivo simple. La población la constituyen 308 personas adultas mayores registrados en la Valoración Geriátrica Integral y la muestra la constituyen 171 personas adultas mayores correctamente consignadas en la Valoración Geriátrica Integral; se han excluido a 137 adultos Mayores por no contar con la información necesaria en la Valoraciones Geriátricas.El procedimiento consistió en recopilar y estudiar los datos de la Valoración Geriátrica Integral, para que el trabajo sea más práctico se diseñó una ficha de recopilación de datos. En la caracterización se llegaron a las siguientes conclusiones: Las personas adultas mayores que se encuentran institucionalizadas ingresaron porque en un gran porcentaje eran solteros, tuvieron problemas de vivienda, su ingreso fue voluntario, las edades promedio en las que ingresaron fueron entre los 60 a 79 años, tienen enfermedades mentales/ trastorno de personalidad y deterioro mental; tienen falta de recursos económicos, tienen necesidades de salud y falta de recurso social lo cual ha sido cubierto parcialmente por el Sistema Integral de Salud, así como una ocupación que no generó pensión de jubilación; son de lima, tienen deterioro físico total/ parcial y su nivel de instrucción es analfabeto e instrucción primaria. Las patologías más frecuentes corresponden a enfermedades del sistema cardiovascular y osteo-muscular.
Efecto de un programa de piscina terapéutica en la limitación funcional de pacientes con lesiones de rodilla del Centro Médico Naval Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara.
Authors: Suyon Mimbela Martha Marylin , Soto Agreda Nidia Yanina
Published: September 2018

Objetivo: Demostrar el efecto de un programa de piscina terapéutica en la limitación funcional de pacientes con lesiones de rodilla del Centro Médico Naval Cirujano Mayor Santiago Távara. Material y Métodos: Estudiofue cuasi experimental, desarrollado en pacientes con lesiones de meniscosdurante el periodo Julio - septiembre del año 2015. Se evaluaron 60 pacientes con la encuesta Koos antes y después de la participación del programa de piscina terapéutica. Se aplicó el programa por 3 meses con una frecuencia de 3 veces por semana.Resultados: En la evaluación inicial, presentaron problemas de limitación funcional, como consecuencia de la lesión de meniscos, y las dimensiones más dañadas fueron calidad de vida (promedio=20,5), actividades cotidianas (promedio=34,6), Función, Actividades Deportivas y Recreacionales (promedio=36,8), dolor (promedio=39,5) y síntomas (promedio=43,1). En la evaluación final, calidad de vida presentó problemas serios (promedio=33,8) y actividades cotidianas presentó problemas leves (promedio=57,4).Dolor (promedio=62,7), función, actividades deportivas y recreacionales (promedio=64,1) y síntomas (promedio=69,9) obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas, lo cual significa que hubo mejoras significativas. Las dimensiones que respondieron mejor al programa, fueron la función actividad deportiva y recreacionales (74%), Actividades cotidianas (66%), la dimensión calidad de vida (65%) y la dimensión síntomas (62%).Conclusiones: al iniciar el Programa de piscina Terapéutica la puntuación promedio fue de 34,9 y al finalizar el programa presentó una puntuación promedio de 57,6. El programa de piscina terapéutica, obtuvo una mejora de la limitación funcional del 65,0%.
Impact of Microfinance Banks on Micro and Small Enterprises in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Akingunola Richard O. , Olowofela Enitan O. , Yunusa Lateef
Published: September 2018

This research investigated the impact of microfinance on Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) in Ogun State, Nigeria. There were two research problems. First, it was whether microfinance bank (financial intermediation services) assists MSEs in Ogun State, Nigeria. Second, it was whether microfinance banks assist MSEs in improving the volume of trade they engaged in Ogun State, Nigeria. The purposive and stratified sampling method was used. The survey obtained 408 respondents in MSEs in Ogun State. The research problems were tested with simple regression analysis. Findings from the first problem show that there is a negative relationship between intermediary financial services (credit disbursement) and MSEs. The second finding also shows there is a positive relationship between microcredit and business expansion. The research concludes that businesses that access microcredit have grown averagely regarding business expansion. Therefore, it is recommended that microfinance banks should increase the size of loan and interest charged to MSEs, so they have enough funds to finance their operations. The researchers further recommend that government should review the activities of microfinance institutions.
The Effect of Digital Marketing Implementation through Location Based Advertising on Customer’s Purchase Intention
Authors: Wibisurya Ivan
Published: September 2018

There were two objectives of the research, those were to find out the effects of Location Based Advertising (LBA) on customer’s attitude and purchase intention. Furthermore, this research sought the enhancement effect of timing in several features on the customer’s attitude toward LBA and purchase intention. The features used were the content appeal, interactivity, control, attitude toward advertising in general, customization, and intrusiveness. This research was a conclusive study with descriptive design. Data collection was done by offline survey with 160 respondents who had ever received LBA in two different conditions. Meanwhile, data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The research shows several results. First, content appeal, control, and customization have significant and positive effects on attitude toward LBA. Second, attitude toward LBA has significant and positive effect on customer’s purchase intention. Third, timing enhances the positive effect of customization on attitude toward LBA. Last, timing also enhances the positive effect of attitude toward LBA oncustomer’s purchase intention.
Ecocriticism Values In The Indonesian Folktale Timun Emas (Golden Cucumber)
Authors: Retnowati Retnowati , Ernawati Endang , Akun Akun
Published: September 2018

The article presented how to learn an Indonesian folktale entitled Timun Emas which related to the process of the environment. The elements of fiction in this folktale, the setting, was a clue in relating the nature and the human which was part of eco-criticism. This research presented the earth-centered approach to literary studies to see how nature was represented in this folktale, what role of the physical setting played in the plot, the values expressed in this folktale, how metaphor of the land influenced the way human treated it, how the concept of wilderness had changed over time, in what way literacy itself had affected humankind relationship to the natural world. It also analyzed the interconnections between culture and nature, specifically the cultural artifacts oflanguage and literature, understanding the ethical system and use it to reform them. This research used a qualitative method which was based on library research. The theory of Glotfelty then was combined with Anthropocentrism to see the human as the center of the hemisphere and how they determine the ecosystem and the policy related to nature. It is concluded that Timun Mas is able to represent the Indonesian culture, human and nature relationship, as well as culture and nature relationship drawn from the values and belief in the folklore.
Methods of physical concepts formation at students
Authors: Maleeva Elena Valentinovna
Published: September 2018

The article considers errors in the students' mastering of physical concepts, reveals the reasons for the occurrence of these errors. One of the ways of solving the problem under consideration is a set of exercises aimed at identifying significant features of concepts, establishing genus-species relations and analyzing definitions of concepts.
Utilisation of Sentinel-1 SAR Imagery for Oil Spill Mapping: A Case Study of Balikpapan Bay Oil Spill
Authors: Prastyani Ratna , Basith Abdul
Published: September 2018

Oil spill is a great threat for marine ecosystem. Oil discharge has become a public concern in all over the world with the increase of marine traffics. Indonesian government has declared state of emergency over oil spill which devastated Balikpapan bay in March 2018. The deadly oil spill impacts marine ecosystem as well as the communities. This study aims to map the oil spill over Balikpapan bay by utilising SAR imagery of Sentinel-1. Automatic and semi-automatic approaches are presented in this study to detect the oil spill. Oil spill is automatically detected using Oil Spill Detection toolbox of Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP). Furthermore, semi-automatic method is also demonstrated by utilising pre and post-oil spill SAR imageries. Our experiment shows that semi-automatic method has better performance than automatic detection by SNAP. Nevertheless, both approaches are useful to map oil spill in term of time and cost effectiveness.
Türkiye’de organ bağışının mevcut durumu ve organ bağışında stratejik iletişimin önemi
Authors: Şantaş Gülcan , Şantaş Fatih
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Bu
çalışmada, Türkiye’de organ bağışının mevcut durumu incelenmekte ve organ
bağışını artırmada stratejik iletişimin gerekliliğinin tartışılması
amaçlanmaktadır.

Materyal-Metot: Çalışma,
tanımlayıcı nitelikte bir araştırma olup, Ocak 2008- Aralık 2016 tarihleri
arasında organ nakli ile ilgili işlemlere yönelik genel bir çerçeve
sunmaktadır. Bu çerçeveden yola çıkarak, stratejik iletişimin organ bağışını
artırmada potansiyel etkileri derlenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular:   Türkiye'de organ bağışı ve nakli ile ilgili
veri tabanı Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından yönetilmektedir. Organ, Doku Nakli ve
Diyaliz Hizmetleri Daire Başkanlığı veri tabanından elde edilen bilgilere göre,
Ocak 2008- Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında toplam 27146 organ nakli işlemi
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplam 27343 organ nakli işleminden 19944’ünün (%72,94)
canlı nakil ve 7399 işlemin (%27,06) kadavradan yapıldığı belirlenmiştir.
Türkiye’deki temel sorun alanlarından biri olan kadaverik organ nakli sayısının
yetersizliğini ortaya koyması açısından bu bulgu önemlidir. Cinsiyete göre
beyin ölümü gerçekleşen erkek kadavranın ailesinden %30,52 oranında ve kadın
kadavranın ailesinden ise %26,85 oranında organ bağışı için izin verilmiştir.

Sonuç: Organ
bağışını artırmada aileler ile kurulan iletişimin kalitesi önemlidir ve bağışta
bulunmayan ailelerin nedenlerine bakıldığında genellikle zayıf iletişim dikkat
çekmektedir. Mevcut paydaşlar arasından hangisinin/ hangilerinin sorun teşkil
edeceği, kimin oyuna ne kadar dâhil edileceği, kimin oyunun dışında kalacağı gibi
stratejik sorulara cevap arayan stratejik iletişimin, organ bağışında olumlu
bir tutum ve bilgi yaratma potansiyeline sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Ebelik öğrencilerinin mizah duygusunun stresle baş etme yaklaşımlarına etkisi
Authors: DAĞLAR Gülseren , DURAN AKSOY Özlem , BİLGİÇ Dilek , UÇUK Sultan , GÜNEŞ Handan
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Araştırmada ebelik öğrencilerinin mizah duygusunun stresle baş
etme yaklaşımlarına etkisini belirlenmek amaçlanmıştır.

Materyal- metot: Kesitsel tanımlayıcı olarak yapılan araştırmanın
örneklemini 280 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler Mizah Tarzları Ölçeği ve
Stresle Başetme Tarzları Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirmesi SPSS
(22.0) paket programında yapılmış, istatistiksel anlamlılık p<0.05 olarak
kabul edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Öğrencilerin
tamamı kız olup yaş ortalaması 20.80±1.51 dir. Öğrencilerden  %72.9’u mesleği isteyerek seçtiğini, %44.3’ü
derslerde mizahın işlendiğini, %40.7’si stresle baş etmede mizahı kullandığını
belirtmiştir. Mesleğini isteyerek seçen, derslerde mizahın işlendiğini söyleyen
öğrencilerin kendini geliştirici mizah ile iyimser yaklaşım puan
ortalamalarının anlamlı şekilde yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Katılımcı
ve kendini geliştirici mizah ile kendine güvenli ve iyimser yaklaşım puan
ortalamaları arasında pozitif,  çaresiz
yaklaşım arasında ise negatif ilişki olduğu (p=0.001) saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Öğrencilerin olumlu
mizah tarzları (katılımcı ve kendini geliştirici mizah) ortalama puanları daha
yüksektir. Olumlu mizah tarzları ile stresle olumlu baş etme tarzları (kendine
güvenli ve iyimser yaklaşım) arasında pozitif yönde ilişki vardır. Sonuçlar öğrencilerin stresle
sağlıklı baş edebilmelerinde olumlu mizah duygusu oluşturmanın önemini göstermektedir.
Bu nedenle ebelik öğrencilerinde mizahı kullanmanın önemi konusunda farkındalık
oluşturulması, stresle baş etme yöntemi olarak mizahı kullanmalarının
sağlanması önerilmektedir.
Doğum şeklinin anne ve yenidoğan sağlığına etkisi
Authors: Şentürk Erenel Ayten , Çiçek Sevil
Published: September 2018

Doğum
şeklinin, hem anne hem de yenidoğan sağlığına kısa ve uzun vadede birçok etkisi
vardır. Vajinal doğumun kadının doğasına en uygun doğum şekli olduğu
bilinmektedir. Anne-bebek bağlanmasının erken dönemde başlaması, emzirme
oranlarının fazla olması, annede enfeksiyon oranının az olması, taburculuk
süresinin kısa olması, yenidoğanın solunum ve bağışıklık sisteminin güçlü
olması müdahalesiz vajinal doğumun bazı avantajları arasında bulunmaktadır.
Bununla birlikte vajinal doğum her zaman mümkün olmayabilir. Gerekli olduğu
durumlarda doğuma müdahale edilmesi anne ve bebek için hayat kurtarıcı
olabilmektedir. Son yıllarda müdahaleli doğum yöntemlerinde oldukça önemli
oranlarda artış olduğu görülmektedir. Buna karşın doğum eylemine yapılan her
türlü müdahale, doğumu doğallığından uzaklaştırmaktadır. Günümüzde doğumda en
çok uygulanan müdahaleler epizyotomi, amniyotomi, oksitosin indüksiyonu ve
sezaryen doğumdur. Fetal ve maternal endikasyonların varlığında doğum eylemini
güvenli bir şekilde gerçekleştirmek için bu yöntemlerin kullanılması
kaçınılmazdır. Ancak yapılan çalışmalarda müdahaleli vajinal doğumun annede ve
yenidoğanda birçok komplikasyona neden olabileceği belirtilmektedir. Sonuç
olarak anne ve yenidoğan sağlığı açısından tıbbi bir zorunluluk olmadıkça doğum
eyleminde müdahalelerden kaçınılmalıdır. Doğumun doğallığına ve kadının
isteklerine saygı duyulmalıdır.
Ambulans kaynaklı enfeksiyonlar ve hijyen
Authors: POLAT Zeynep Münteha , ALTINDİŞ Mustafa , ASLAN Ferhat Gürkan , İNCİ Mustafa Baran , KILIÇ Ümit , DEMİRAY Tayfur , ALTINDİŞ Selma , KÖROĞLU Mehmet , ÇIKRIKLAR Halil İbrahim
Published: September 2018

Amaç: İlk ve acil yardım
hizmetlerinde, ambulans hizmetleri vazgeçilmezdir. Ambulansta hem hastanın hem
de sağlık personelinin, aynı kabini paylaşmaları ve delici kesici aletlerle
zaman zaman yaralanma risklerinin olması nedeniyle, sağlık personelinin,
ambulans hijyeninin sağlanması ve bulaşıcı hastalıklara karşı koruyucu
önlemlerin alınması hakkında eğitim almasının gerektiği açıktır. Çalışmamızda
Sakarya il merkezi ve ilçelerinde acil hizmeti veren ambulanslarda ve acil
müdahaleler sırasında kullanılan aletlerde, enfeksiyon kaynağı olabilecek
patojen mikroorganizmaların varlığının araştırılması ve bu ambulanslarda
görevli personelin, ambulans hizmeti sırasında ve sonrasında hijyen
uygulamalarına yönelik bilgi tutum ve davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi
amaçlanmıştır.

Materyal-Metod: Araştırmaya,
Ocak 2016- Temmuz 2016 tarihleri arasında, Sakarya il merkez ve ilçelerinde
acil hizmeti veren, toplam 25 ambulans ve bu ambulanslarda aktif olarak çalışan
toplam 104 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada ambulans hizmeti veren sağlık
personeline anket uygulaması ve ayrıca ambulansların belirlenen riskli
bölgelerinden alınan sürüntü örneklerinde mikroorganizma taramaları
yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya
57’si kadın (% 54.8) olmak üzere toplam 104 kişi katılmış olup, 62’si (%59.6)
30 yaş ve altıdır. Katılımcılardan 95’i (% 91.3) 112 Acil servis ambulansında,
9’u ise hastane ambulansında (%8.7) çalışmaktadır. Ambulans çalışanlarından
83’ü (%79.8) tıbbi atık eğitimi aldığını ifade ederken, sadece 54’ü (% 51.9)
arkadaşlarının el hijyenine dikkat ettiğini belirtmişlerdir. Ambulansın hasta
kabini temizlik oranı her vaka sonrasında %29.8, günlük % 49 olarak; kullanım
sonrası temizlik oranı laringoskop gibi yüksek düzey dezenfeksiyon gerektiren
aletler için %75, tansiyon aleti gibi düşük düzey dezenfeksiyon gerektiren
aletler için ise %28.8 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sürüntü örnekleri
değerlendirildiğinde, 20 örnekte Sphingomonas
paucimobilis, 2 örnekte Acinetobacter
Iwoffii, 2 örnekte Staphylococcus aureus,
2 örnekte Klebsiella pneumoniae, 20
örnekte Koagulaz negatif stafilokok saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Çalışmamız sonucunda;
ambulans çalışanlarının, hem kendilerini ve hastaları bulaşıcı enfeksiyon
hastalıklarına karşı koruma konusunda, hem de ambulans hijyeni konusunda
farkındalıklarının artırılması gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Ambulansın
kontaminasyon kaynağı olmasını önlemek için, daha sıkı enfeksiyon kontrolü ve
izleme protokolü uygulanmalıdır.
Farkıi tiplerdeki titanyum altyapı materyali ile kompozit materyalinin bağlantı dayanıklılığının incelenmesi
Authors: KÜÇÜKEŞMEN Hakkı  Cenker , ÖNOL Aykut
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Titanyum ile
kompozit rezin arasındaki bağlantı dayanım değerlerine farklı yüzey
işlemlerinin etkisini araştırılmıştır.

Gereç ve yöntem: 90 adet Titanyum disk 8 mm çapında ve 4 mm yükseklikte elde edildi.
Titanyum yüzeylere, 600 numara zımpara kağıdı (kontrol grubu), zımpara kağıdı
ve 50 μm Alüminyum oksit
kumlama, zımpara kağıdı ve
tribokimyasal kumlama uygulanmıştır. Rezin kompozit, 4mm çapında ve 6 mm
yükseklikte aşamalı olarak uygulandı ve bağlantı dayanımları değerlendirildi.
Titanyum örneklerin yüzeyleri stereomikroskop ile incelendi. Bulgular Kruskal-Wallis
istatistiksel analiz metodu kullanılan çalışmamızda titanyum tipleri ve yüzey
işlemleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar bulundu (p<0.005). Al2O3
kumlama grubundaki örneklere göre yapılan analiz sonucu; Grade 5
Titanyum, Grade 4 ve Grade 2’ye göre anlamlı dercede yüksek değerler
göstermiştir. Tribokimyasal kumlama grubundaki örneklere göre yapılan analiz
sonucu; Grade 4 ve Grade 5’teki veriler Grade 2’ye göre yüksek bulunmuştur.
Çalışmada kullanılan tüm örneklerde; Al2O3kumlama ve
Tribokimyasal kumlamalar arasında anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemekle birlikte(p>0.005)
kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek değerler göstermişlerdir.

Sonuç: Al2O3
kumlama ve Tribokimyasal kumlamalar arasında anlamlı bir fark
gözlenmemekle (p>0.005)birlikte kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek değerler
göstermişlerdir.
Evaluation of the effect of pregestational and gestational body mass index on skin puncture pain during spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean operation
Authors: TOPRAK Hatice , SARGIN Mehmet
Published: September 2018

Objective: Skin
puncture pain during spinal anesthesia is the reason of wincing from spinal
anesthesia in many patients. In this study we aimed to investigate whether the
body mass index in the pregestational and gestational period affects skin
puncture pain during spinal anesthesia for cesarean sections.Material-Method: One
hundred pregnant scheduled to undergo elective caesarean section under spinal
anesthesia, were studied. Spinal anesthesia was induced with hyperbaric
bupivacaine 10-15 mg via a 27G Quincke 
spinal needle in the sitting position at the L3–4 or L4-5 vertebral
level using median approaches. Skin puncture pain during spinal anesthesia were
assessed on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means no pain and 10 the worst possible
pain.Results: There
were no correlation between gestational BMI and the skin puncture pain VAS
scores was found ( ρ= -0.021, p=0.835). And also no correlation between
pre-pregnancy BMI and the skin puncture pain VAS scores was found ( ρ= -0.012,
p=0.903).

Conclusions: We
believe that the pregestational and gestational body mass index does not have
any effect on skin puncture pain during spinal anesthesia.
Ağız Diş Çene Cerrahisinde Sedasyon Uygulamaları ve Diş Çekimlerinin Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Çına Aksoy Müge , Akpınar Hatice
Published: September 2018

AMAÇ:
Diş Hekimliği’nde diş tedavilerinin birçoğunun lokal anestezi ile yapılmasına
rağmen kooperasyon eksikliği, cerrahiye uyumsuzluk ve anksiyete veya tıbbi
komplikasyonların bir sonucu olarak sedasyona ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Retrospektif
olarak planlanan bu çalışmanın amacı sağlıklı çocuk hastalarda, sedasyon ile
yapılan diş çekimlerinin değerlendirilmesidir.

MATERYAL
METOD: Çalışmada, 15 aylık süreçte, tek bir merkezde, sedasyon ile diş çekimi
yapılan çocuk hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya
dahil edilme kriterlerine uyan, 2-18 yaş arasında, 1088 hastanın verilerine
ulaşıldı.

BULGULAR:
Çalışmaya dahil edilen toplam 1088 çocuk hastadan 2848 diş çekimi yapılmıştır.
Hastaların yaş ortalaması 6,23 olarak bulunmuştur. Hastaların % 42’si kız,
%58’i erkektir. Hastalar, yaş aralıklarına göre 3 grupta değerlendirilmiştir. Buna
göre, hastaların % 57,8’inin 2-6 yaş grubunda, % 40,4’ünün 7-11 yaş grubunda, %
1,8’inin 12-18 yaş grubunda olduğu tespit edildi. Hastaların %97,4’ünde
inhalasyon ile sedasyon yapılmış olup bu hastalarda kişi başı ortalama 2,56 diş
çekimi yapılmışken; ıv sedasyon yapılan hastalarda (%2,6) ortalama çekim
sayısının 4,75 olduğu bulunmuştur.

SONUÇ:
Diş hekimi korkusu ve anksiyeteye sahip çocuk hastaların oranı yaklaşık
%3-43’dür. Bu oran 2-6 yaş arası çocuk hastalarda %30 civarındadır ve 7 yaş ve
sonrasında azalmakta ve çocuklar korkuları ile başa çıkabilmektedir. İzole süt
dişi çekimlerinin planlandığı, 11 yaş altı günübirlik çocuk hastalarda
azotprotoksit+oksijen ve gerekli olduğu durumlarda sevafluran desteği yapılarak
inhalasyon yöntemi ile sedasyon yeterli ve güvenli anestezi sağlamaktadır.
Bir kamu hastanesinde görevli hemşirelerin akılcı ilaç kullanımı konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KARAKOÇ Metin Deniz , UYANIK Ömer
Published: September 2018

Amaç:
Ülkemizdeki
ilaç harcamaları dünya ortalamasının üzerinde bir artış göstermektedir. Bu
artışın ülkemizin hastalık yükü ile paralellik göstermemesi, akılcı ilaç
kullanımı konusu üzerinde titizlikle durmayı gerektirmektedir. Çalışma,
hastanelerde görevli hemşirelerin akılcı ilaç kullanımına ilişkin bilgi ve
davranışlarını inceleyerek, atılması gereken adımların belirlenmesi amacıyla
yapılmıştır.

 

Materyal-Metot:
Çalışma
08.12.2016-26.01.2017 tarihleri arasında bir kamu hastanesinde
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılmak isteyen tüm hemşirelere 18 soruluk
bir anket uygulanarak 392 kullanılabilir anket elde edilmiştir. Böylece toplam
evrenin (555) % 70.6'sına ulaşılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı
istatistikler ve ki-kare analizi uygulanmıştır.

 

Bulgular:
Araştırmaya göre hemşirelerin uygulayacakları ilaçlar konusunda
bilgi almak için en çok hekim/eczacıya (% 84.4), daha sonra meslektaşlarına (%54.1)
başvurdukları görülmüştür. En sık karşılaşılan ilaç uygulama hatalarının;
ilacın yanlış zamanda uygulanması (% 66.3) ve doz atlanması (% 57.7) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin eğitim seviyeleri
ile advers etki bildirimi yapma oranlarının arasında istatistiksel anlamlılık
olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.001).
Servislerde çalışan hemşirelerin diğer birimlerde çalışan katılımcılara göre
ilaç ve besin alerjisi sorgulama oranının önemli ölçüde yüksek olduğu tespit
edilmiştir (p<0.001).

 

Sonuç:
Hemşirelerde
ilaçların akılcı kullanımı hususunda genel bir bilinç oluştuğu ancak özellikle advers
etki bildirimleri ile gebelik, pediatri, organ yetmezlikleri gibi özel
durumlarda ve ilaçların etkileşimleri konularında eğitim ihtiyacının olduğu
belirlenmiştir.
Effects of different insecticides on the antioxidative defense system of the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae
Authors: Franeta Filip , Mircic Dejan , Todorovic Dajana , Milovac Zeljko , Granica Nihat , Obradovic Sasa , Peric-Mataruga Vesna
Published: September 2018

The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) is one of the most important
insect pests of maize, and has a significant impact on the production of
this crop. In this work, we examined the effects of different insecticides
on the antioxidative defense system of O. nubilalis larvae. The experimental
setup consisted of a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates.
Four experimental groups were formed as follows: control (C), indoxacarb
(250 mL ha-1), chlorantraniliprole (100 mL ha-1) and the
chlorantraniliprole+lambda cyhalothrin (200 mL ha-1) group. Larvae from
maize stems were collected 20 days after insecticide application and the
whole larvae were homogenized. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),
catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and
glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the total amount of free SH groups were
assessed. Comparison of the experimental groups showed that indoxacarb
significantly affected the activities of GST, GPx and the total amount of
free SH groups, while chlorantraniliprole significantly affected the
activities of SOD, CAT, GST and the total amount of free SH groups, while
chlorantraniliprole+lambda cyhalothrin significantly affected the activities
of CAT, GST and the total amount of free SH groups. The results show that
exposure to insecticides considerably affects the antioxidative defense
components of the European corn borer larvae, especially chlorantraniliprole
(T2).
Endophytic bacteria of Catharanthus roseus as an alternative source of Vindoline and application of response surface methodology to enhance its production
Authors: Anjum Nawed , Chandra Ramesh
Published: September 2018

The requirement for novel, cost-effective pharmaceutical compounds is growing. We screened endophytic bacteria of Catharanthus roseus for the production of vinca alkaloids. Vindoline-producing endophytic bacteria was identified as Microbacterium sp. Vindoline was purified and characterized using column chromatography, TLC, HPLC and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The subsequent aim of this study was to design a cost-efficient media that can maximize vindoline production from Microbacterium sp. Initial optimization of the nutritional requirement and of the process parameters were carried out by monothetic analysis. Key factors obtained were optimized by the central composite design of response surface methodology. This model was also validated by repeating the experiment under the optimized conditions, which resulted in maximum production of 82 ?g/L (predicted response was 76.21 ?g/L). Reliability of the experiments was confirmed by ANOVA analysis, regression coefficient, prediction vs actual chart and a 3D response plot, which determined the fit of the model. This study should serve as a reference point for the use of statistical techniques in bacterial systems for production of bioactive, anticancer compounds by plant endophytes.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of isothiocyanato Fe(III) Girard's t hydrazone complex
Authors: Cobeljic Bozidar , Pevec Andrej , Jaglicic Zvonko , Milenkovic Milica , Turel Iztok , Radanovic Dusanka , Milenkovic Marina , Andjelkovic Katarina
Published: September 2018

The isothiocyanato Fe(III) complex with (E)-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-oxo- -2-(2-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)ethan-1-aminium was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. The octahedral geometry of the Fe(III) complex consists of the deprotonated form of the hydrazone ligand coordinated through the pyridine nitrogen, azomethine nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen atoms with three isothiocyanato ligands in the remaining coordination places. The measured effective magnetic moment for Fe(III) complex corresponds to high spin Fe(III) ion. The hydrazone ligand and its Fe(III) complex showed lower activity against the tested microbial strains than standard antimicrobial drugs.
Stem (progenitor) thyroid cells and their probable applications in tissue engeniring
Authors: Sergeeva N. S , Hesuani Yu. D , Poljakov A. P , Mironov V. A , Kaprin A. D
Published: September 2018

The review presents literature data on embryogenesis, physiological and reparative thyroid gland (TG) regeneration in the postnatal period in terms of substantiating the presence of stem/progenitor cells in its tissue. The data concerning genetic and protein markers of thyroid stem cells, as well as markers of their thyroid differentiation, are systematized. Unresolved problems and perspectives of the use of thyroid stem/progenitor cells in tissue engineering are discussed.
Popular Nonsense
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines a range of competing discourses and sensibilities that circulate around the figure of the rammal. As a social type, the rammal is elusive and contradictory. Most people condemn the rammal as a peddler of superstition and charlatanry, often taken in contemporary discourses of rationality as their quintessential enemy. The rammal's elusiveness may be attributed in large part to the fact that the term is used in contemporary Iran to refer to a wide array of occult specialists. The chapter considers the ways in which the rammals are disparaged as charlatans and rammali as hocus-pocus, with emphasis on the processes of rationalization initiated by intellectuals, religious leaders, and state officials for policing the “line” crossed by Nafiseh. In particular, it discusses the denigration of superstition and nonsense, along with efforts by modernist critics such as Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to eliminate superstition, which they believed afflicted women.
Legal Censure
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the Iranian state's attempts over the past century to eliminate the practices of rammals as threats to public order. Rammals are known to resist regulation by the state, as can be seen in the spatial location of their practices. There are no shops or businesses where occult specialists may legitimately offer their services for a fee. They often change their addresses to avoid state surveillance. The chapter considers the criminalization of the occult professions as well as the intensification of punishments for occult practitioners, arguing that the conception of rational civil order under the Islamic Republic is linked to the moral leadership of the ulama. It also discusses the evolution of the legal framework for occult professions, which are now sometimes treated as fraud.
Virtuous Caution
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter shows that Shiʻi scholars approach the occult with virtuous caution. The cautious sensibility adopted by some Shiʻi jurists is rooted, on the one hand, in appreciation of the many risks of engaging with the occult. On the other hand, it is based on an understanding that the boundaries between licit and illicit modes of occult practice and the criteria by which virtuous practitioners of the occult are to be distinguished from charlatans are not clear-cut. Virtuous caution allows one to take part in the occult's murky realm and to enjoy certain benefits from it without succumbing to its perils. The chapter considers some of the dangers associated with the occult, including one that has to do with the sociality of sorcery and rumor.
The Hesitant Officer
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter introduces one of Sayyed Ahmad Yazdi's clients, a retired officer in the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Brigadier General ʻAli Shirazi had overseen arrests of occult specialists like rammals and fortune-tellers on numerous occasions during his career. He was a deeply pious man and cognizant of the dangers of involving oneself with the occult. However, Shirazi himself had sought the assistance of occult specialists to tackle seemingly intractable problems, including one criminal case that he had solved with the help of an accused charlatan whose arrest he had ordered himself. The chapter considers the four ingredients to Shirazi's commitment to virtuous caution and highlights his case as evidence of tensions that exist between state governmental rationality on the one hand, and Islamic ethicolegal reasoning on the other.
The Fantastic
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter tells the story of a woman's encounter with a rammal to elucidate how secular sensibilities relating to metaphysical pleasures may combine with skeptical empirical inquiry to produce a thrilling experience. The woman, named Shokufeh, consulted Haj Aqa Yusefi, a rammal, about suspicious Hebrew-like markings she had discovered on the ceiling of her living room. She wanted to know if she had been bewitched and if the rammal could help her void the sorcery if necessary. The chapter argues that Shokufeh's encounter with the rammal shows that skepticism can be a condition of possibility for occult experimentation, and that the fantastic quality of the encounter with rammals is precisely what renders the experience a site of possibility. By expressing skepticism, Shokufeh not only laid claim to rationality but also opened up experiential possibilities that she may have missed had she been more credulous.
Rammali Refashioned
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines another path for confronting the rammal's uncanniness, one that strives to sublimate it under the sign of science. It also analyzes some of the contours of this scientized orientation toward the metaphysical and how it may be combined with the playfulness that the indeterminacy of the occult enables. The chapter focuses on a young woman named Mersedeh, and how she fashioned a professional persona as a rammal—or a prayer writer, as she preferred to call herself—by appropriating the knowledge and power of those she deemed “traditional” rammals and at the same time distancing herself from them. More specifically, it considers five aspects of Mersedeh's self-fashioning: her aesthetics of self-presentation, what she thought of the scientific basis of sorcery, her relationship to Islam, the therapeutic ecology within which she placed her practice, and her avowed skepticism about the usefulness of sorcery.
Cosmic Mystics
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter deals with Cosmic Mysticism. The popularity of Cosmic Mysticism in Iran should be understood within the context of spiritual-therapeutic movements that have proliferated since the early 1990s, a development that is in turn connected to significant economic and social shifts in the years following the end of the 1980–1888 war with Iraq. A dual process of economic and cultural liberalization enabled the rise of alternative spiritual models that encouraged entrepreneurship, material ambition, and self-realization while lessening restrictions on publishing. Alternative spiritual ideas and practices soon emerged. Cosmic Mysticism entered this field of spiritual-therapeutic alternatives with a cosmology founded on a tripartite differentiation of existence: matter, energy, and consciousness. The chapter discusses Cosmic Mysticism's cosmological doctrine and two integrated healing systems, metatherapy and defensive radiation (also called “psymentology”).
Becoming Witness
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the reasoning of a participant in Cosmic Mysticism as she grappled with her doubts, focusing on the pathways that arise when scientific rationalization appears to be futile. Lili Bayati, a twenty-four-year-old master's student in child psychology, had been attending Cosmic Mysticism classes along with her mother. She was initially skeptical of exorcism, but eventually became a witness to its positive impact. According to Lili, metatherapy cured her wrist without requiring her belief, nor even depending on her awareness that treatment was under way. The chapter first describes Lili's experiences with metatherapy, defensive radiation, and exorcism before discussing the ways that Cosmic Mysticism brought her tranquillity after anguish and furnished accounts of cosmology and theodicy that she found more logical than the ideas she had learned in religious textbooks in school.
Experiments in Synthesis
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

The seductions of modern science have proved irresistible for the Iranian religious imagination. Believers have drawn on scientific epistemology to legitimize their doctrines and practices, constructed flexible models to grant plausibility to intangible phenomena and metaphysical conceptions, and borrowed from the virtues of organized scientific activity to fashion their subjectivities as moral reformers....
A Protector Lost
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter narrates the story of a man named Pedram, who owned and managed an Internet café in Ariyashahr, and his friendship with Ayatollah Mirza ʻAbd al-Karim Haq Shenas, the prayer leader of the Amin al-Dowleh mosque near the Tehran Bazaar until his death in 2007. When Ayatollah Haq Shenas passed away, Pedram realized that he missed more than the opportunity to benefit from his spiritual guidance. He also lost a powerful protector. The chapter first describes Pedram's earliest exposure to the occult before discussing his relationship with Ayatollah Haq Shenas, who gave lectures on ethics and mysticism and deployed the metaphysical for the spiritual care of his followers. It also considers Pedram's experience with sorcery and his belief that Ayatollah Haq Shenas was the only man he ever knew who possessed the janbeh to handle occult powers.
Technospiritual Reflexivity
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines how sinful images of animality that appear in hagiographies of mystics become focal points for anxiety about moral uncertainty and the pious subject's uncanny otherness to itself. Critics of hagiographies frequently complained of the murkiness of moral standards, the blurring of boundaries between right and wrong, the spread of hypocrisy, and the difficulty in distinguishing true friends of God from impostors. It is into this context of moral uncertainty and the unreliability of pious signs that the hagiography of the contemporary friend of God enters as a technology of the self. This chapter considers the friend of God's inner eye, which it argues is the product of multiple converging instrumentalizations, such as the use of imaging technologies in various contexts and the bureaucratization of piety in the service of state interests.
Abstract Hilbert Space
Authors: von Neumann John
Published: September 2018

This chapter defines Hilbert space, which furnishes the mathematical basis for the treatment of quantum mechanics. This is done within the context of an equation introduced in the previous chapter, and which have accordingly the same meaning in the “discrete” function space FsubscriptZ of the sequences xsubscriptv (ν‎ = 1, 2, . . .) and in the “continuous” Fsubscript Greek Capital Letter Omega of the wave functions φ‎(q₁, . . . , qₖ) (q₁, . . . , qₖ run through the entire state space Ω‎). In order to define abstract Hilbert space, this chapter takes as a basis the fundamental vector operations af, f ± g, (f, g).
The Quantum Statistics
Authors: von Neumann John
Published: September 2018

This chapter returns to the analysis of quantum mechanical theories. In the previous chapter, how quantum mechanics makes possible the determination of all possible values of one particular physical quantity—energy—was only discussed. These values are the eigenvalues of the energy operator (i.e., the numbers of its spectrum). On the other hand, no mention was made about the values of other quantities, as well as regarding the causal or statistical relations among the values of several quantities. The statements of the theory relative to this problem are thus considered in this chapter. It takes as a basis the wave mechanical method of description since the equivalence of the two theories has already been established.
General Considerations
Authors: von Neumann John
Published: September 2018

This chapter considers what would happen to a mixture with the statistical operator 𝗨 if a quantity 𝖱 with operator 𝖱 is measured in it. It then investigates the thermodynamics of quantum mechanical ensembles from two different points of view. First, the chapter assumes the validity of both of the fundamental laws of thermodynamics, and proceeds on this basis to calculation of the entropy of ensembles. In this effort the normal methods of phenomenological thermodynamics are applied, and quantum mechanics plays a role only insofar as these thermodynamic observations relate to objects whose behavior is regulated by the laws of quantum. Afterwards this chapter proves the validity of these fundamental laws in quantum mechanics. Next, the chapter introduces some reversibility and equilibrium problems. Finally, this chapter discusses the macroscopic measurement.
Introduction
Authors: Sagar Paul
Published: September 2018

This book examines how David Hume and Adam Smith forged a new way of thinking about the modern state. It considers what Hume referred to as the opinion of mankind, a political theory found in the second and third books of A Treatise of Human Nature. Smith read and absorbed Hume's arguments, adapting them to his own purposes in the construction of a political theory that would move beyond the Treatise. Both Hume and Smith rejected Thomas Hobbes's vision of human nature and his arguments about our capacity to form stable societies over time. The book discusses Hume's theory of sociability, the role of history and the family in debates over human sociability and the foundations of politics, and Smith's theory of regime forms. This introduction provides an overview of the theory of the state and the history of political thought.
History and the Family
Authors: Sagar Paul
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the role of history and the family in debates over human sociability and the foundations of politics, drawing attention to how David Hume was able to revolutionize the use of state-of-nature conjectures in order to elucidate the emergence of institutional structures and related moral values. According to Thomas Hobbes, human psychology was fundamentally characterized by the balancing of appetites and aversions: all motivation could be explained in terms of the seeking of private pleasure and the avoidance of private pain. Bernard Mandeville essentially followed Hobbes, refusing to give any role to fellow feeling in explaining human sociability. The chapter first considers Hume's rejection of Hobbes's and Mandeville's reductive accounts of human psychology before discussing Hobbes's views on the question of the family and his notion of the state of nature. It also analyzes the debate involving Hobbes's British successors, namely: Mandeville, Anthony Ashley Cooper, and Francis Hutcheson.
The State without Sovereignty
Authors: Sagar Paul
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines how David Hume developed a thoroughly anti-Hobbesian theory of politics, culminating in a theory of the state without sovereignty. Hume does not explain political obligation in terms of what rulers are justified in expecting from the ruled, by virtue of the particular kind of relationship they stand in toward them as rulers. Instead, his focus is upon the ruled themselves—the bearers of the “opinion of mankind”—and the psychological processes by which they see themselves as bound by the authority of their superiors, whom they always outnumber but nevertheless tend to obey. The chapter first considers Hobbes's ambiguity in addressing political obligation at its limit before discussing the foundations of John Locke's theory of authority and Hume's alternative view. It also analyzes Hume's arguments about the relationship between utility and authority, along with the role of philosophy in the opinion of mankind.
Rousseau’s Return to Hobbes
Authors: Sagar Paul
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the issue of sociability and the theory of the state with regard to Jean-Jacques Rousseau. More specifically, it considers Rousseau's intervention in the debate over human sociability, mainly in The Discourse on Inequality, and how it ultimately led in the opposite direction to that pointed out by David Hume: back to Thomas Hobbes. The chapter begins with a discussion of Rousseau's idea of the state of nature as well as the views of Rousseau and Hume on pity, justice, property, and deception. It then analyzes Rousseau's The Social Contract, an exercise in full-blooded Hobbesian sovereignty theory, and his attempt to start from a different place in the theory of sociability, and then offer a purposefully counter-Hobbesian theory of sovereignty. The chapter argues that Rousseau ultimately could not get past Hobbes, and ended up returning to the latter's positions.
Property, Equality, and the Passions in Eighteenth-Century French Thought
Authors: Sonenscher Michael
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores the problems of reform in eighteenth-century French thought, beginning with an examination of the origins of a new, theologically heterodox, interest in the human body, and its bearing on the moral and political thought of François de Salignac de la Mothe Fénelon and his followers. Its aim is to present some idea of the intellectual context that made it possible to align Rousseau's moral and political thought either with Thomas Hobbes or with Fénelon, and, ultimately, with both. With this established, it may then be easier to see why the advocates of the ambitious programme of economic and social reform that came to be known as Physiocracy were able to associate Rousseau, Hobbes, and Fénelon with something like the same, rather sober, set of moral and political arrangements.