bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on trajectory planning algorithm of manipulator based on visual servo
Authors: Wang Xuan , Yu Hua , Niu Shu , Li Shuai
Published: January 2024

Background

With the development and progress of society, not only substations, but also various industries are moving towards automation, intelligence, and unmanned direction. There is an increasing need for machinery to replace human activities. However, how to improve the ability of robotic arms to cope with various working environments and emergencies, and develop real‐time, high‐speed, and accurate trajectory planning algorithms has become a hot topic of discussion.

Purpose

In order to develop a reasonable trajectory planning algorithm for robotic arms, this article studies the trajectory planning algorithm of robotic arms based on visual servoing, in order to improve the trajectory operation ability of robotic arms.

Method

The feasibility of the algorithm was tested through experiments.

Results

It was found that the angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration curves of both the second and fifth sixth joints of the robotic arm were very smooth, and there were no problems such as faults.

Conclusion

This confirms the effectiveness of the algorithm's operation, which can assist the robotic arm in safe, accurate, and efficient operations on the basis of visual servoing.
Rapidly Gelling, Highly Adhesive, and Mechanically Robust Ionogels for Stretchable and Wireless Electronics
Authors: Ge Gang , Zhang Yizhou , Xiao Xiao , Gong Yanting , Liu Chang , Lyu Chenyi , Ong Wei Li , Ho Ghim Wei , Yang Zhen , Huang Wei
Published: January 2024

Stretchable devices function at the biology/electrode interface, depending on the excellent conformality between electronic components and nonplanar surfaces. Various polymeric architecture‐based sensing platforms have been extensively explored for physiological signal readout, however, poor interfacial adhesion coupled with low mechanical characteristics lead to easy interfacial debonding. Herein, a novel adhesive capable of rapid gelation, strong adhesion, and high toughness, achieved through a polymerization‐induced phase‐separation strategy is reported. In this design, the cosolvent and polar polymer serve as amorphous and crystalline domains, respectively, with mechanical performances readily modulable by altering the formulation, ultimately reach toughness on par with elastomers. Remarkably, the adhesive undergoes a rapid sol–gel transition within several seconds, displaying strong adhesion, and high interfacial toughness on diverse substrates. Capitalizing on its enduring adhesion to wet tissues, a wearable electronic device capable of real‐time sweat monitoring during exercise is developed. To showcase its practical application, a portable and battery‐free sensing system is designed to further demonstrate various vertebral postures, aiding the regulation of physiological activities. This study not only pioneers the preparation of novel adhesives with excellent adhesion and high toughness but also paves the way for wearable devices in the era of Internet‐of‐Things.
Co‐Prime Modulation for Space‐Time‐Coding Digital Metasurfaces with Ultralow‐Scattering Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Lei , Huang Zhuo Ran , Chen Xiao Qing , Zheng Yi Ning , Liu Shuo , Galdi Vincenzo , Cui Tie Jun
Published: January 2024

Multi‐dimensional modulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves is critical in various fields such as electronic and photonic systems. Space‐time‐coding (STC) digital metasurfaces, an innovative platform for programmable metasurfaces, offer a straightforward and robust solution for spatio‐temporal modulation, thereby enabling EM‐wave manipulations in both space and frequency. Conventional STC schemes rely on periodic temporal modulations that are uniform in space (i.e., with same modulation frequency in all metasurface elements), and therefore do not take advantage of spatio‐temporal coupling effects that can be induced by non‐uniform periodic modulations (i.e., with different modulation frequencies across the metasurface elements). Here, a novel approach involving non‐uniform spatio‐temporal modulation, alongside co‐prime modulation, is introduced. This approach enhances the fundamental principles of STC digital metasurfaces and facilitates the synthesis of angular scattering responses across different frequencies, guided by harmonic coupling conditions. The proposed strategy results in a more even distribution of the scattered intensity in both space and frequency. For validation, an experimental proof‐of‐principle for spatial‐spectral diffuse scattering is presented. The experimental outcomes align closely with theoretical predictions, underscoring the effectiveness of co‐prime modulation in achieving ultralow‐scattering characteristics in STC digital metasurfaces. Moreover, this technique holds promise for applications in secure wireless communications, radar jamming, and complex beamforming.
Surface Reconstruction of Co‐based Catalysts for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Activity in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Han Sanghwi , Park Jungwon , Yoon Jeyong
Published: January 2024

Developing high‐performance and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of utmost importance for green hydrogen production via anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE). Herein, it is presented that a straightforward surface reconstruction strategy for preparing a robust Co‐based OER catalyst with increased mass transfer activity while preserving the active CoOOH phase during the OER. This strategy comprises electrochemical oxidation of electrodeposited Co‐based catalysts prior to heat treatment, allowing for the meticulous control of the oxidation potential to optimize the OER activity. The optimized catalyst exhibits an overpotential of 190 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 32.7 mV dec−1 under half‐cell conditions. In an AEMWE single‐cell system, it shows a current density of 1590 mA cm−2 at 1.8 V and 60 °C and demonstrates a degradation rate of 0.2 mV h−1 during 1000 h of operation at 500 mA cm−2. This study not only provides a simple yet potent strategy to enhance the OER activity but also offers insights regarding the factors enhancing the OER performance.
Nanomedicine Targeting Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells Enhances Anti‐Tumor Immunity
Authors: Yang En‐Li , Sun Zhi‐Jun
Published: January 2024

Cancer immunotherapy, a field within immunology that aims to enhance the host's anti‐cancer immune response, frequently encounters challenges associated with suboptimal response rates. The presence of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), crucial constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME), exacerbates this issue by fostering immunosuppression and impeding T cell differentiation and maturation. Consequently, targeting MDSCs has emerged as crucial for immunotherapy aimed at enhancing anti‐tumor responses. The development of nanomedicines specifically designed to target MDSCs aims to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy by transforming immunosuppressive tumors into ones more responsive to immune intervention. This review provides a detailed overview of MDSCs in the TME and current strategies targeting these cells. Also the benefits of nanoparticle‐assisted drug delivery systems, including design flexibility, efficient drug loading, and protection against enzymatic degradation, are highlighted. It summarizes advances in nanomedicine targeting MDSCs, covering enhanced treatment efficacy, safety, and modulation of the TME, laying the groundwork for more potent cancer immunotherapy.
Solid Additive Dual‐Regulates Spectral Response Enabling High‐Performance Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Xiaopeng , Yang Yinuo , Yu Jifa , Liu Chunhui , Li Xiaoming , Jee Min Hun , Gao Jiaxin , Chen Lingyu , Tang Zheng , Woo Han Young , Lu Guanghao , Sun Yanming
Published: January 2024

Semi‐transparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) possess significant potential for applications in vehicles and buildings due to their distinctive visual transparency. Conventional device engineering strategies are typically used to optimize photon selection and utilization at the expense of power conversion efficiency (PCE); moreover, the fixed spectral utilization range always imposes an unsatisfactory upper limit to its light utilization efficiency (LUE). Herein, a novel solid additive named 1,3‐diphenoxybenzene (DB) is employed to dual‐regulate donor/acceptor molecular aggregation and crystallinity, which effectively broadens the spectral response of ST‐OSCs in near‐infrared region. Besides, more visible light is allowed to pass through the devices, which enables ST‐OSCs to possess satisfactory photocurrent and high average visible transmittance (AVT) simultaneously. Consequently, the optimal ST‐OSC based on PP2+DB/BTP‐eC9+DB achieves a superior LUE of 4.77%, representing the highest value within AVT range of 40–50%, which also correlates with the formation of multi‐scale phase‐separated morphology. Such results indicate that the ST‐OSCs can simultaneously meet the requirements for minimum commercial efficiency and plant photosynthesis when integrated with the roofs of agricultural greenhouses. This work emphasizes the significance of additives to tune the spectral response in ST‐OSCs, and charts the way for organic photovoltaics in economically sustainable agricultural development.
Magnetic Skyrmions above Room Temperature in a van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2
Authors: Liu Chen , Zhang Senfu , Hao Hongyuan , Algaidi Hanin , Ma Yinchang , Zhang Xi‐Xiang
Published: January 2024

2D van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic crystals are a promising platform for innovative spintronic devices based on magnetic skyrmions, thanks to their high flexibility and atomic thickness stability. However, room‐temperature skyrmion‐hosting vdW materials are scarce, which poses a challenge for practical applications. In this study, a chemical vapor transport (CVT) approach is employed to synthesize Fe3GaTe2 crystals and room‐temperature Néel skyrmions are observed in Fe3GaTe2 nanoflakes above 58 nm in thickness through in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (L‐TEM). Upon an optimized field cooling procedure, zero‐field hexagonal skyrmion lattices are successfully generated in nanoflakes with an extended thickness range (30–180 nm). Significantly, these skyrmion lattices remain stable up to 355 K, setting a new record for the highest temperature at which skyrmions can be hosted. The research establishes Fe3GaTe2 as an emerging above‐room‐temperature skyrmion‐hosting vdW material, holding great promise for future spintronics.
Graphene and MOF Assembly: Enhanced Fabrication and Functional Derivative via MOF Amorphization
Authors: Lin Zeheng , Han Zhaojun , O'Connell George E. P. , Wan Tao , Zhang Ding , Ma Zhipeng , Chu Dewei , Lu Xunyu
Published: January 2024

The integration of graphene and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has numerous implications across various domains, but fabricating such assemblies is often complicated and time‐consuming. Herein, a one‐step preparation of graphene‐MOF assembly is presented by directly impregnating vertical graphene (VG) arrays into the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) precursors under ambient conditions. This approach can effectively assemble multiple ZIFs, including ZIF‐7, ZIF‐8, and ZIF‐67, resulting in their uniform dispersion on the VG with adjustable sizes and shapes. Hydrogen defects on the VG surface are critical in inducing such high‐efficiency ZIF assembly, acting as the reactive sites to interact with the ZIF precursors and facilitate their crystallisation. The versatility of VG‐ZIF‐67 assembly is further demonstrated by exploring the process of MOF amorphization. Surprisingly, this process leads to an amorphous thin‐film coating formed on VG (named VG‐IL‐amZIF‐67), which preserves the short‐range molecular bonds of crystalline ZIF‐67 while sacrificing the long‐range order. Such a unique film‐on‐graphene architecture maintains the essential characteristics and functionalities of ZIF‐67 within a disordered arrangement, making it well‐suited for electrocatalysis. In electrochemical oxygen reduction, VG‐IL‐amZIF‐67 exhibits exceptional activity, selectivity, and stability to produce H2O2 in acid media.
Understanding the Dynamic Aggregation in Single‐Atom Catalysis
Authors: Liu Laihao , Chen Tiankai , Chen Zhongxin
Published: January 2024

The dynamic response of single‐atom catalysts to a reactive environment is an increasingly significant topic for understanding the reaction mechanism at the molecular level. In particular, single atoms may experience dynamic aggregation into clusters or nanoparticles driven by thermodynamic or kinetic factors. Herein, the inherent mechanistic nuances that determine the dynamic profile during the reaction will be uncovered, including the intrinsic stability and site‐migration barrier of single atoms, external stimuli (temperature, voltage, and adsorbates), and the influence of catalyst support. Such dynamic aggregation can be beneficial or deleterious on the catalytic performance depending on the optimal initial state. Those examples will be highlighted where in situ formed clusters, rather than single atoms, serve as catalytically active sites for improved catalytic performance. This is followed by the introduction of operando techniques to understand the structural evolution. Finally, the emerging strategies via confinement and defect‐engineering to regulate dynamic aggregation will be briefly discussed.
The Synthesis of Three‐Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride as the Reinforcing Phase of Polymer‐Based Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Ma Yuhan , Wu Jiaxin , Xie Haonan , Zhang Rui , Zhang Yiming , Liu Enzuo , Zhao Naiqin , He Chunnian , Wong Andrew Barnabas
Published: January 2024

Powdery hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), as an important material for electrochemical energy storage, has been typically synthesized in bulk and one/two‐dimensional (1/2D) nanostructured morphologies. However, until now, no method has been developed to synthesize powdery three‐dimensional (3D) h‐BN. This work introduces a novel NaCl‐glucose‐assisted strategy to synthesize micron‐sized 3D h‐BN with a honeycomb‐like structure and its proposed formation mechanism. We propose that NaCl acts as the template of 3D structure and promotes the nitridation reaction by adsorbing NH3. Glucose facilitates the homogeneous coating of boric acid onto the NaCl surface via functionalizing the NaCl surface. During the nitridation reaction, boron oxides (BO4 and BO3) form from a dehydration reaction of boric acid, which is then reduced to O2‐B‐N and O‐B‐N2 intermediates before finally being reduced to BN3 by NH3. When incorporated into polyethylene oxide‐based electrolytes for Li metal batteries, 5 wt % of 3D h‐BN significantly enhances ionic conductivity and mechanical strength. Consequently, this composite electrolyte demonstrates superior electrochemical stability. It delivers 300 h of stable cycles in the Li//Li cell at 0.1 mA cm−2 and retains 89 % of discharge capacity (138.9 mAh g−1) after 100 cycles at 1 C in the LFP//Li full cell.
Artificial LiF‐Rich Interface Enabled by In situ Electrochemical Fluorination for Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Jian Hu Xun , Ping Zheng Yi , Wei Li Zhi , Xia Chenfeng , Chua Daniel H. C. , Hu Xin , Liu Ting , Bin Liu Xian , Ping Wu Zi , Yu Xia Bao
Published: January 2024

Lithium (Li)‐metal batteries are promising next‐generation energy storage systems. One drawback of uncontrollable electrolyte degradation is the ability to form a fragile and nonuniform solid electrolyte interface (SEI). In this study, we propose the use of a fluorinated carbon nanotube (CNT) macrofilm (CMF) on Li metal as a hybrid anode, which can regulate the redox state at the anode/electrolyte interface. Due to the favorable reaction energy between the plated Li and fluorinated CNTs, the metal can be fluorinated directly to a LiF‐rich SEI during the charging process, leading to a high Young's modulus (~2.0 GPa) and fast ionic transfer (~2.59×10−7 S cm−1). The obtained SEI can guide the homogeneous plating/stripping of Li during electrochemical processes while suppressing dendrite growth. In particular, the hybrid of endowed full cells with substantially enhanced cyclability allows for high capacity retention (~99.3 %) and remarkable rate capacity. This work can extend fluorination technology into a platform to control artificial SEI formation in Li‐metal batteries, increasing the stability and long‐term performance of the resulting material.
Dynamically Ion‐Coordinated Bipolar Organodichalcogenide Cathodes Enabling High‐Energy and Durable Aqueous Zn Batteries
Authors: Yan Jianping , Wang Bo , Tang Yongchao , Du Wencheng , Ye Minghui , Zhang Yufei , Wen Zhipeng , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Cheng Chao
Published: January 2024

Bipolar organic cathode materials (OCMs) implementing cation/anion storage mechanisms are promising for high‐energy aqueous Zn batteries (AZBs). However, conventional organic functional group active sites in OCMs usually fail to sufficiently unlock the high‐voltage/capacity merits. Herein, we initially report dynamically ion‐coordinated bipolar OCMs as cathodes with chalcogen active sites to solve this issue. Unlike conventional organic functional groups, chalcogens bonded with conjugated group undergo multielectron‐involved positive‐valence oxidation and negative‐valence reduction, affording higher redox potentials and reversible capacities. With phenyl diselenide (PhSe‐SePh, PDSe) as a proof of concept, it exhibits a conversion pathway from (PhSe)− to (PhSe‐SePh)0 and then to (PhSe)+ as unveiled by characterization and theoretical simulation, where the diselenide bonds are periodically broken and healed, dynamically coordinating with ions (Zn2+ and OTF−). When confined into ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK‐3), the dissolution of PDSe intermediates is greatly inhibited to obtain an ultralong lifespan without voltage/capacity compromise. The PDSe/CMK‐3 || Zn batteries display high reversibility capacity (621.4 mAh gPDSe−1), distinct discharge plateau (up to 1.4 V), high energy density (578.3 Wh kgPDSe−1), and ultralong lifespan (12 000 cycles) at 10 A g−1, far outperforming conventional bipolar OCMs. This work sheds new light on conversion‐type active site engineering for high‐voltage/capacity bipolar OCMs towards high‐energy AZBs.
Resale regulations in online marketplaces during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hirose Yohsuke
Published: January 2024

In the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic, masks and alcohol sanitizers were hoarded and resold in online markets. In Japan, restrictions were imposed on such resale. This paper examines changes in the behavior of economic agents and their surplus before and after the resale restrictions in the online market. We collected data on the auctions and fixed‐price sales of anhydrous ethanol before and after the resale regulation. Using these estimated parameters, we evaluated the changes in the surpluses per transaction. We found that, on average, the regulation reduced the consumer surplus and the producer surplus by about JPY 160 and JPY 1500, respectively.
Shift in services requires a shift in perspective
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: January 2024

As we have all witnessed, the financial impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic has had unprecedented effects on a wide variety of industries and the respective missions they have traditionally pursued. In some instances, it has curtailed what institutions can do; in other ways, it has forced some organizations to shift to accommodate new realities.
How to document for caregivers, teachers, and clinicians
Authors: DeWitt Brooke M.
Published: January 2024

Within the practice of school psychology there is growing research and focus on making sure psychoeducational reports are clear and understandable for stakeholders. This style of report writing, sometimes called the consumer‐responsive approach, focuses on accessibility and utility of reports (Lichtenstein & Ecker, 2019). This type of documentation is also a helpful guide for other clinical documentation beyond psychoeducational reports. Given recent changes in electronic medical records to increase patient and caregiver access to records, the consumer‐responsive approach offers a model to guide practices that ensure clinical documentation is accessible and useful to primary stakeholders and consumers.
Prolonged generalized osteomalacia associated with a sinonasal cavity phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor: A case report
Authors: Montazer Mehdi , Meibodi Naser Tayyebi , Teymouri Elmira , Mousavi Zohreh , Reisian Sedigheh , Ebrahimnejad Motahare
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a rare disorder primarily affecting the extremities. It is notable for its correlation with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia and high FGF23 serum levels, which results in renal phosphate wasting and clinical symptoms associated with low serum phosphorus. We presented a patient with a 5‐year history of progressive osteomalacia who recently experienced a major pathological bone fracture. Laboratory findings showed a persistent low serum phosphate, normal calcium, elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, high parathyroid hormone levels, and increased renal excretion of phosphate. According to ultrasonography and nuclear imaging, there was no evidence of parathyroid adenoma. During further diagnostic assessment, a sinonasal cavity tumor was found and resected. Histologically, the tumor was composed of bland spindle cell proliferation in the background of a calcified matrix with foci of osteoid formation, hemangiopericytoma‐like (HPC‐like) vasculature, and osteoclast‐like giant cells. Tumor cells showed variable positivity for SMA, but CD34, S100, CD99, Melan‐A, p63, and desmin were all nonreactive. Regarding the clinical context, histological and immunohistological findings, a final diagnosis of tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) secondary to a PMT was made. After surgery, laboratory results returned to normal, clinical symptoms disappeared, and the patient did not experience a recurrence during a six‐month follow‐up.
Structural and electrochemical stabilization enabling high‐energy P3‐type Cr‐based layered oxide cathode for K‐ion batteries
Authors: Ko Wonseok , Lee Seokjin , Park Hyunyoung , Kang Jungmin , Ahn Jinho , Lee Yongseok , Oh Gwangeon , Yoo Jung‐Keun , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Kim Jongsoon
Published: January 2024

Layered‐type transition metal (TM) oxides are considered as one of the most promising cathodes for K‐ion batteries because of the large theoretical gravimetric capacity by low molar mass. However, they suffer from severe structural change by de/intercalation and diffusion of K+ ions with large ionic size, which results in not only much lower reversible capacity than the theoretical capacity but also poor power capability. Thus, it is important to enhance the structural stability of the layered‐type TM oxides for outstanding electrochemical behaviors under the K‐ion battery system. Herein, it is investigated that the substitution of the appropriate Ti4+ contents enables a highly enlarged reversible capacity of P3‐type KxCrO2 using combined studies of first‐principles calculation and various experiments. Whereas the pristine P3‐type KxCrO2 just exhibits the reversible capacity of ∼120 mAh g−1 in the voltage range of 1.5–4.0 V (vs. K+/K), the ∼0.61 mol K+ corresponding to ∼150 mAh g−1 can be reversible de/intercalated at the structure of P3‐type K0.71[Cr0.75Ti0.25]O2 under the same conditions. Furthermore, even at the high current density of 788 mA g−1, the specific capacity of P3‐type K0.71[Cr0.75Ti0.25]O2 is ∼120 mAh g−1, which is ∼81 times larger than that of the pristine P3‐type KxCrO2. It is believed that this research can provide an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performances of the cathode materials suffered by severe structural change that occurred during charge/discharge under not only K‐ion battery system but also other rechargeable battery systems.
Empowering Protein Engineering through Recombination of Beneficial Substitutions
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Li Anni , Li Xiujuan , Cui Haiyang
Published: January 2024

Directed evolution stands as a seminal technology for generating novel protein functionalities, a cornerstone in biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology. Today, with the development of various mutagenesis methods and advanced analytical machines, the challenge of diversity generation and high‐throughput screening platforms is largely solved, and one of the remaining challenges is: how to empower the potential of single beneficial substitutions with recombination to achieve the epistatic effect. This review overviews experimental and computer‐assisted recombination methods in protein engineering campaigns. In addition, integrated and machine learning‐guided strategies were highlighted to discuss how these recombination approaches contribute to generating the screening library with better diversity, coverage, and size. A decision tree was finally summarized to guide the further selection of proper recombination strategies in practice, which was beneficial for accelerating protein engineering.
Ferrocenyl Dinuclear Gold(I) Complexes. Study of their Structural Features and the Influence of Bridging and Phosphane Ligands in a Catalytic Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Pérez‐Sánchez Juan Carlos , Herrera Raquel P. , Gimeno M. Concepción
Published: January 2024

Invited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Raquel P. Herrera and M. Concepción Gimeno at the Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (University of Zaragoza‐CSIC). The image depicts the light of the full moon illuminating a bridge between the gold(I) metal centers. Two dragons, symbolizing the use of bridging ligands, confront each other to determine the ultimate victor. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202303585.
Proteomic analysis of horse hair extracts provides no evidence for the existence of a hypoallergenic Curly Horse breed
Authors: Janssen‐Weets Bente , Lesur Antoine , Dittmar Gunnar , Bernardin François , Zahradnik Eva , Raulf Monika , Hentges François , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Ollert Markus , Hilger Christiane
Published: January 2024

Background

The American Bashkir Curly Horse is frequently advertised to horse‐allergic riders and claimed to be a so‐called hypoallergenic breed that elicits fewer symptoms. Previous studies quantifying selected allergens in different breeds did not find a reduced allergen content in Curly Horses. Here, we provide a comprehensive proteomic analysis of horse hair extracts and a molecular analysis of the major allergen Equ c 1 with the aim of identifying differences in the Curly Horse breed that might explain their presumed reduced allergenic potential.

Methods

Horse hair extracts were prepared from Curly and American Quarter Horse breeds, separated by gender and castration status, extracts from other breeds served as controls. Extracts and native Equ c 1 (nEqu c 1) were analyzed by mass spectrometry. IgE‐binding capacities of nEqu c 1 and its recombinant variants were tested by ELISA using sera of patients sensitized to horses. Structures and ligand binding abilities were analyzed by computational modeling and fluorescence quenching assays.

Results

All known respiratory horse allergens are present in hair extracts of Curly and Quarter Horses and share identical allergen‐specific peptides. Lipocalin allergens are the most abundant proteins in horse hair extracts and contain several post‐translational modifications. We identified two new variants of Equ c 1 that have similar IgE‐binding capacities but show structural differences in their binding cavities and altered ligand binding behavior. There are no differences in IgE‐binding of Equ c 1 derived from Curly Horses compared to other horse breeds.

Conclusion

Our data do not support the claim that Curly Horses are less allergenic than other breeds.
Improvement of amorphous localization algorithm in WSN using ALO and GWO
Authors: Tripathy Pujasuman , Khilar P.M.
Published: January 2024

The process of node identification is referred to as localization, and it is rapidly gaining popularity in the field of WSN. Different node identification processes have different findings, benefits, challenges, costs, effectiveness, and applications. In this work, the position error of the Amorphous algorithm is minimized by optimizing the hop size. For optimization of the hop size of the Amorphous algorithm, two different optimization algorithms, such as ALO and GWO, are considered. Proposed Amorphous‐ALO and Amorphous‐GWO provide higher accuracy rates of 33.89% and 4.22% than traditional Amorphous as well as ensemble approaches. Amorphous‐ALO and Amorphous‐GWO provide position errors 2.9161 and 2.9164 respectively, which are very similar. Therefore, to determine the suitable optimization algorithm for Amorphous, the minimum, average, and maximum execution times of Amorphous‐ALO and Amorphous‐GWO are considered. The approach that has less execution time is considered as most suitable for Amorphous. Amorphous‐ALO takes 67.76, 69.60 and 84.24 s for minimum, average and maximum execution whereas Amorphous‐GWO takes 65.17, 65.46 and 65.66 s for minimum, average and maximum execution respectively. As Amorphous‐GWO takes less execution time than Amorphous‐ALO; therefore, GWO is more suitable for optimization in Amorphous algorithm.
Wetlands as a potential multifunctioning tool to mitigate eutrophication and brownification
Authors: Borgström Anna , Hansson Lars‐Anders , Klante Clemens , Sjöstedt Johanna
Published: January 2024

Eutrophication and brownification are ongoing environmental problems affecting aquatic ecosystems. Due to anthropogenic changes, increasing amounts of organic and inorganic compounds are entering aquatic systems from surrounding catchment areas, increasing both nutrients, total organic carbon (TOC), and water color with societal, as well as ecological consequences. Several studies have focused on the ability of wetlands to reduce nutrients, whereas data on their potential to reduce TOC and water color are scarce. Here we evaluate wetlands as a potential multifunctional tool for mitigating both eutrophication and brownification. Therefore, we performed a study for 18 months in nine wetlands allowing us to estimate the reduction in concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), TOC and water color. We show that wetland reduction efficiency with respect to these variables was generally higher during summer, but many of the wetlands were also efficient during winter. We also show that some, but not all, wetlands have the potential to reduce TOC, water color and nutrients simultaneously. However, the generalist wetlands that reduced all four parameters were less efficient in reducing each of them than the specialist wetlands that only reduced one or two parameters. In a broader context, generalist wetlands have the potential to function as multifunctional tools to mitigate both eutrophication and brownification of aquatic systems. However, further research is needed to assess the design of the generalist wetlands and to investigate the potential of using several specialist wetlands in the same catchment.
Diffusion properties of buoyant particle cluster in open channel flow with emergent rigid vegetation
Authors: Xiaoguang Liu , Yuhong Zeng , Jiasheng Wang
Published: January 2024

Convection and diffusion processes of buoyant organisms are of great significance to ecological restoration or the restoration of the riparian and wetland system. Advection–diffusion models have been widely applied to describe the transport of particles through vegetation, assuming that the particle transport is driven by the mean flow, but few studies have been conducted on the diffusion process while considering the retention time. The authors conducted flume experiments of four runs with different vegetative densities and extracted and analysed the longitudinal moving and lateral oscillation trajectories of buoyant particles. The trapping and releasing mechanisms of buoyant particles due to capillary force were explored, and a dimensionless parameter is defined to reflect the effect of the physical properties of stems and particles on the retention time. The retention time of trapping events due to the capillary force between particles and the stem has been proven to follow a three‐parameter double exponential distribution, the duration time of both short and long retention events increases with the bulk flow velocity, and the proportion of long trapping events decreases with the increasing bulk flow velocity. The diffusion coefficient of buoyant particles is validated independently from the vegetative densities, increases with the flow velocity, and is approximately 100 times that of the solute in the flow through emergent vegetation under similar condition.
Prognostic effect of systematic geriatric assessment on patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Aguilar‐Iglesias Lara , Merino‐Merino Ana , Sanchez‐Corral Ester , Garcia‐Sanchez Maria‐Jesus , Santos‐Sanchez Isabel , Dominguez‐Calvo Jesus , Saez‐Maleta Ruth , Perez‐Rivera Jose‐Angel
Published: January 2024

Aims

Frailty and dependence are frequent in patients admitted for acute heart failure (AHF), but their prognostic significance is unknown, especially in young adults. We aimed to study in adults admitted for AHF, regardless of age, the effect of frailty and dependence on the incidence of mortality and a combined event of mortality, readmissions for AHF, and visits to the emergency room (ER) for AHF at 1 and 6 months.

Methods and results

We designed a prospective cohort study by including all the patients with AHF admitted in our Cardiology Department from July 2020 through May 2021. A multidimensional geriatric assessment was performed during the admission. We clinically followed up the patients 6 months after discharge. We enrolled 202 patients. The mean age was 73 ± 12.32 years, and 100 (49.5%) of the patients were elderly (>75 years). Just 78 patients (38.6%) were women, and 100 (49.5%) had previous HF. Frailty (FRAIL ≥ 3) was observed in 68 (33.7%) patients (mean FRAIL score: 1.88 ± 1.48). Dependence (Barthel < 100) was observed in 65 (32.2%) patients (mean Barthel index: 94.38 ± 11.21). Frailty and dependence showed a significant association with both prognostic events at 1 and 6 months. In the multivariable analysis, frailty was associated with higher mortality at 1 month [hazard ratio (HR) 12.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57–101.47, P = 0.017] but not at 6 months (HR 2.25, 95% CI 0.61–8.26, P = 0.224) or with the combined endpoint at neither 1 month (HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.54–5.03, P = 0.384) nor 6 months (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.75–2.46, P = 0.320). Dependence was related to higher mortality at 1 month (HR 13.04, 95% CI 1.62–104.75, P = 0.016) and 6 months (HR 7.18, 95% CI 1.99–25.86, P = 0.003) and to higher incidence of the combined event at 1 month (HR 5.93, 95% CI 1.63–21.50, P = 0.007) and 6 months (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.49–4.61, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

In AHF patients, frailty and dependence implied a worse prognosis, rising mortality, readmissions, and ER visits for AHF.
Factors Influencing the Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Chloromethylene‐γ‐butyrolactones
Authors: Yao Biao , Xiong Wenfang , Jin Yangbin , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: January 2024

α‐Methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone is an important skeleton in many natural products and pharmaceuticals. The factors influencing the palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of α‐chloromethylene‐γ‐butyrolactones were investigated, including ligands, additives, the chlorine source, temperature, and solvents. We found that the reaction had broad substrate scope for the synthesis of the corresponding chiral products when the ligand, chlorine source and additives were optimized. The results will improve the catalytic synthesis of chiral α‐chloromethylene‐γ‐butyrolactones.
Knowledge on relative energy deficiency in sport among physiotherapists and physicians
Authors: Verhoef Saskia J. , Wielink Merel C. , Achterberg Edwin A. , Bongers Marlies Y. , Goossens Simone M. T. A.
Published: January 2024

Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED‐S) refers to an impaired physiological functioning caused by low energy availability in both male and female athletes. It may affect many physiological processes, causing, among others, stress fractures and disturbed menstrual cycles. Athletes may present these symptoms to different health care workers. The purpose of this research was to investigate the awareness and knowledge of physiotherapists, general practitioners, gynaecologists, sports physicians and orthopaedic surgeons on RED‐S. An online questionnaire on awareness and knowledge of RED‐S was developed for the above‐mentioned health experts. A total number of 799 respondents were included for analysis, and 22.0% of the respondents had heard of the existence of RED‐S. The highest percentage was reported by sports physicians (92.9%) and the lowest among general practitioners (10.1%). Sports physicians scored highest on knowledge questions about RED‐S with a mean score of 8.9, and physiotherapists scored lowest with a mean score of 5.7. Of all respondents, 57.6% reported feeling competent discussing possible underlying problems of RED‐S and 7.4% felt qualified treating RED‐S. Of the responding gynaecologists, 46.6% would suggest starting oral contraception when presented a patient with symptoms of RED‐S, thereby only masking the symptoms of amenorrhoea but not treating the underlying cause: a low energy availability. This research reports a low awareness and knowledge among participating physiotherapists, general practitioners, gynaecologists and orthopaedic surgeons on RED‐S. Therefore, further education for these specialists on this topic is needed, since most athletes will initially consult these health care providers first.
A novel periodized high‐repetition giant‐set resistance and high‐intensity interval training effects on the metabolic and pro‐inflammatory parameters in long‐ and short‐term overweight men
Authors: Nikseresht Mahmoud , Nikseresht Mehdi
Published: January 2024

This study compared the capacity of high‐repetition giant‐set resistance training (HGRT) and high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) to decline C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)‐6, soluble IL‐6 receptor (SIL‐6R), IL‐18, and insulin resistance markers in long‐ (5–10 years) and short‐term (1–4 years) overweight men. Another purpose was to compare these markers between the two populations. Firstly, eligible participants were matched based on age, body mass index, and aerobic fitness and then divided into a long‐ (n = 37) or short‐term (n = 32) overweight population. After that, the participants in each category were randomly assigned to HGRT (2 giant sets of 4‐exercise × 2 circuits at 30%–50% of one‐repetition maximum with a novel periodization), HIIT (4‐set × 4‐min of running at 80%–90% of HRmax), and control (CON, non‐exercising) groups. The well‐balanced training programs were performed in three weekly sessions for 12 weeks. This study showed that individuals with a longer history of being overweight have elevated baseline concentrations of CRP, SIL‐6R, and IL‐18 (all, p ≤ 0.04, effect size [ES] ≥0.65). Both training programs led to a similar reduction in insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance versus CON (all p ≤ 0.03, ES ≥ 0.49) regardless of the duration of being overweight, although SIL‐6R was significantly reduced after HIIT versus pretest (both, p ≤ 0.03, ES = 0.17). The two exercises caused a significant decline in IL‐18 in the long‐term population versus CON, while HIIT was the only program that decreased CRP (all, p ≤ 0.04, 0.21 ≤ ES ≤ 0.34). Thus, it seems that overweight history plays a crucial role in deteriorating some of the biomarkers, and the two exercises have greater potential to attenuate IL‐18. However, HIIT might have a greater anti‐inflammatory effect (as indicated by CRP and SIL‐6R) than HGRT.
Benefits of resistance training are not preserved after cessation of supervised training in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Houben Lisanne H. P. , Overkamp Maarten , Senden Joan M. G. , van Roermund Joep G. H. , de Vries Peter , de Laet Kevin , van der Meer Saskia , van Loon Luc J. C. , Beelen Milou , Beijer Sandra
Published: January 2024

Resistance exercise training is effective to counteract the adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on body composition, muscle mass and leg strength in prostate cancer patients (PCa). However, it is unknown whether these effects can be autonomously maintained after cessation of the supervised program. Sixty‐eight PCa patients on ADT were included. The exercise intervention group (EX, n = 37) performed 20 weeks of supervised resistance exercise training. Thereafter, patients were advised to autonomously continue exercise training. The control group (CON, n = 31) only received usual care. Outcome measures were compared between baseline and after 1 year. Changes during the intervention (baseline vs. 20 weeks) and follow‐up period (20 weeks vs. 1 year) were descriptively explored. In EX, 83% reported to have continued exercise training themselves. After 1 year, fat mass gains were attenuated in EX compared to CON (1.2 ± 2.6 and 2.8 ± 1.9 kg, respectively; time × treatment effect p = 0.032). The fat percentage increased, and lean mass and quadriceps muscle cross‐sectional area decreased over time, with no differences between groups (overall 1.6 ± 2.1%, −0.7 ± 2.3 kg and −2.2 ± 2.9 cm2, respectively; time effects, all p < 0.05). For muscle strength, an increase of ∼5% in EX was observed, significantly different from the ∼10% decrease in CON (p < 0.001). Subsequent analyses showed that the initial exercise training‐obtained gains in lean mass, muscle mass and strength in EX compared to CON, declined during the follow‐up period. In conclusion, PCa patients on ADT are not capable to autonomously maintain the exercise‐obtained gains of a 20‐week supervised training program over a subsequent 1‐year period.
Effects of combined interventions to optimize performance during high‐intensity exercise in trained individuals
Authors: Beltrami Fernando G. , Hanselmann Linus , Spengler Christina M.
Published: January 2024

Different interventions can independently improve athletic performance via different central or peripheral mechanisms, but little is known about their potential combination. We tested the effects of seven combined interventions (enhanced recovery package [ERP]) on performance during intermittent high‐intensity cycling compared with placebo. Sixteen trained men (maximal power output: 5.0 ± 0.5 W･kg−1) completed six 30‐s cycling sprints with 3‐min breaks in‐between under ERP, placebo, and control conditions. The ERP combined neck cooling, carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing, carbohydrate and water ingestion, hyperventilation, hyperoxia, and potentiation maneuvers. Power output, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, rate of perceived exertion, and gas exchange were compared between the ERP and placebo conditions. Mean power output was higher during ERP compared with placebo (570 ± 74 W vs. 560 ± 71 W, p < 0.001, dz = 1.15). Heart rate was higher (+3 ± 4 bpm, p = 0.012) during ERP, as was breathing frequency (+2.4 ± 4.0 breaths･min−1, p = 0.028) and respiratory exchange ratio (+0.12 ± 0.06, p < 0.001). Oxygen uptake was 80 ± 109 mL･min−1 lower (p = 0.013) for ERP. No differences were found with regards to the rate of perceived exertion or blood lactate concentration. Performance gains with ERP were small in magnitude but consistent across individuals. The ERP might have prevented a loss of aerobic efficiency or increased reliance on anaerobic energy. Testing combined interventions might increase the chances to see beyond daily variability in practice.
Comparison of the clinical outcomes of patients with stage IA–IIA2 cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma after radical hysterectomy: A propensity score‐matched real‐world analysis
Authors: Liang Cong , Su Guidong , Sun Lixin , Zhao Hongwei , Liu Ping , Chen Chunlin
Published: January 2024

Objective

To compare the pathological findings and survival outcomes of patients with 2009 FIGO stage IA–IIA2 cervical cancer between groups with adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using the Chinese Cervical Cancer Clinical (FOUR‐C) study database.

Methods

Patients from 2004 to 2018 with cervical ADC and SCC who underwent radical hysterectomy were identified through the FOUR‐C database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance baseline clinicopathological characteristics. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic effect of ADC on the 5‐year overall survival (OS).

Results

We identified 1611 (9.8%) patients with ADC and 14 894 (90.2%) patients with SCC. Compared with SCC, ADC was significantly associated with an increased risk of death (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% CI 1.12–1.74) and disease progression (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14–1.57). ADC had a greater propensity for lymph node metastasis, uterine corpus invasion, perineural invasion, and ovarian metastases than SCC (P < 0.05). After 1:2 PSM, significant differences were still observed between these two histology subtypes (OS: OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.10–1.86; DFS: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.19–1.76). The subgroup analysis further showed a worse prognosis for patients with ADC than for patients with SCC among patients with any of the high‐ or intermediate‐ risk factors (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.21–2.12), but no significant differences were observed for the patients with no risk factors (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.32–1.58).

Conclusion

ADC is an independent prognostic factor for shorter survival in surgically treated patients with cervical cancer presenting intermediate‐ or high‐risk factors but does not affect survival outcomes in patients without any risk factors.
Cardiotocography use for fetal assessment during labor in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Takeshita Mai , Toyomoto Rie , Marui Kanae , Ito Masami , Eto Hiromi , Takehara Kenji , Matsui Mitsuaki
Published: January 2024

Background

The use of cardiotocography (CTG) to improve neonatal outcomes is controversial. The medical settings, subjects, utilizations, and interpretation guidelines of CTG are unclear for low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Objectives

To assess and review CTG use for studies identified in LMICs and provide insights on the potential for effective use of CTG to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Search Strategy

The databases Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for published and unpublished literature through September 2023.

Selection Criteria

Publications were identified which were conducted in LMICs, based on the World Bank list of economies for 2019; targeting pregnant women in childbirth; and focusing on the utilization of CTG and neonatal outcomes.

Data Collection and Analysis

Publications were screened, and duplicates were removed. A scoping review was conducted using PRISMA‐ScR guidelines.

Results

The searches generated 1157 hits, of which 67 studies were included in the review. In the studies there was considerable variation and ambiguity regarding the study settings, target populations, utilizations, timing, frequency, and duration of CTG. While cesarean section rates were extensively investigated as an outcome of studies of CTG itself and the effect of additional techniques on CTG, other clinically significant outcomes, including neonatal mortality, were not well reported.

Conclusions

Variations and ambiguities were found in the use of CTG in LMICs. Due to the limited amount of evidence, studies are needed to examine CTG availability in the context of LMICs.