bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model evaluation and intercomparison of surface-level ozone and relevant species in East Asia in the context of MICS-Asia Phase III – Part 1: Overview
Authors: Li Jie , Nagashima Tatsuya , Kong Lei , Ge Baozhu , Yamaji Kazuyo , Fu Joshua S. , Wang Xuemei , Fan Qi , Itahashi Syuichi , Lee Hyo-Jung , Kim Cheol-Hee , Lin Chuan-Yao , Zhang Meigen , Tao Zhining , Kajino Mizuo , Liao Hong , Li Meng , Woo Jung-Hun , Kurokawa Jun-ichi , Wang Zhe , Wu Qizhong , Akimoto Hajime , Carmichael Gregory R. , Wang Zifa
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Spatiotemporal variations of ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) mixing ratios from 14 state-of-the-art chemical transport models (CTMs) are intercompared and evaluated with O3 observations in East Asia, within the framework of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia Phase III (MICS-Asia III). This study was designed to evaluate the capabilities and uncertainties of current CTMs simulations for Asia and to provide multi-model estimates of pollutant distributions. These models were run by 14 independent groups working in China, Japan, South Korea, the United States and other countries/regions. Compared with the previous phase of MICS-Asia (MICS-Asia II), the evaluation with observations was extended from 4 months to 1 full year across China and the western Pacific Rim. In general, model performance levels for O3 varied widely by region and season. Most models captured the key patterns of monthly and diurnal variation of surface O3 and its precursors in the North China Plain and western Pacific Rim but failed to do so for the Pearl River Delta. A significant overestimation of surface O3 was evident from May to September/October and from January to May over the North China Plain, the western Pacific Rim and the Pearl River Delta. Comparisons drawn from observations show that the considerable diversity in O3 photochemical production partly contributed to this overestimation and to high levels of inter-model variability in O3 for North China. In terms of O3 soundings, the ensemble average of models reproduced the vertical structure for the western Pacific, but overestimated O3 levels to below 800 hPa in the summer. In the industrialized Pearl River Delta, the ensemble average presented an overestimation for the lower troposphere and an underestimation for the middle troposphere. The ensemble average of 13 models for O3 did not always exhibit superior performance compared with certain individual models in contrast with its superior value for Europe. This finding suggests that the spread of ensemble-model values does not represent all of the uncertainties of O3 or that most MICS-Asia III models missed key processes. This study improved the performance of modeling O3 in March at Japanese sites compared with MICS-Asia II. However, it overpredicted surface O3 concentrations for western Japan in July, which was not found by MICS-Asia II. Major challenges still remain with regard to identifying the sources of bias in surface O3 over East Asia in CTMs.
Global Distribution and 14-Year Changes in Erythemal Irradiance, UV Atmospheric Transmission, and Total Column Ozone 2005–2018 Estimated from OMI and EPIC Observations
Authors: Herman Jay , Cede Alexander , Huang Liang , Ziemke Jerald , Kowalewski Matthew , Blank Karin
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Satellite data from the Ozone Measuring Instrument (OMI) and Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) for ozone amount and scene reflectivity (mostly from clouds) are used to study changes and global distribution of UV erythemal irradiance in mW/m2 E(ζ,ϕ,z,t) and UV index (E/25 mWm2) over the Earth's surface as a function of latitude ζ, longitude ϕ, altitude z, and time t. OMI time series data starting in January 2005 to December 2018 are used to estimate 14-year changes in total column ozone TCO3 and scene reflectivity at 105 specific land plus 77 ocean locations in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Estimates of changes in atmospheric transmission T(ζ,ϕ,z,t) derived from cloud and haze reflectivity show almost no average 14-year change from 55° S to 35° N but show an increase from 40° N to 60° N. This implies increased solar insolation at high northern latitudes that suggests positive feedback for global warming. TCO3 has increased at a rate of 2 % per decade for the latitudes between 60° S to 10° N changing to a decrease of 1 % per decade between 40° N to 60° N. The result is an average decrease in E(ζ,ϕ,z,t) at a rate of 2 % per decade in the Southern Hemisphere and an increase between 40° N to 60° N. For some specific sites (latitudes from 55° S to 45° N) there has been little or no change in E(ζ,ϕ,z,t) for the period 2005–2018. Nearly half the sites show the effects of both short- and long-term cloud change as well as total column ozone change. Synoptic EPIC data from the sunlit Earth are used derive ozone and reflectivity needed for global images of the distribution of E(ζ,ϕ,z,t) from sunrise to sunset centered on the Americas, Europe-Africa, and Asia. EPIC data are used to show the latitudinal distribution of E(ζ,ϕ,z,t) from the equator to 75° for specific longitudes. Dangerously high amounts of erythemal irradiance (12
Importance of isomerization reactions for the OH radical regeneration from the photo-oxidation of isoprene investigated in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR
Authors: Novelli Anna , Vereecken Luc , Dorn Hans-Peter , Hofzumahaus Andreas , Holland Frank , Yu Zhujun , Rosanka Simon , Reimer David , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Bohn Birger , Taraborrelli Domenico , Rohrer Franz , Tillmann Ralf , Wegener Robert , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Wahner Andreas , Fuchs Hendrik
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Theoretical, laboratory and chamber studies have shown fast regeneration of hydroxyl radical (OH) in the photochemistry of isoprene largely due to previously disregarded unimolecular reactions. Based on early field measurements, nearly complete regeneration was hypothesized for a wide range of tropospheric conditions, including areas such as the rainforest where slow regeneration of OH radicals is expected due to low concentrations of nitric oxide (NO). In this work the OH regeneration in the isoprene oxidation is directly quantified for the first time through experiments covering a wide range of atmospheric conditions (i.e. NO between 0.15 and 2 ppbv and temperature between 25 and 41 °C) in the atmospheric simulation chamber SAPHIR. These conditions cover remote areas partially influenced by anthropogenic NO emissions, giving a regeneration efficiency of OH close to one, and areas like the Amazonian rainforest with very low NO, resulting in a surprisingly high regeneration efficiency of 0.5, i.e. a factor of 2 to 3 higher than explainable in the absence of unimolecular reactions. The measured radical concentrations were compared to model calculations and the best agreement was observed when at least 50 % of the total loss of isoprene peroxy radicals conformers (weighted by their abundance) occurs via isomerization reactions for NO lower than 0.2 parts per billion (ppbv). For these levels of NO, up to 50 % of the OH radicals are regenerated from the products of the 1,6 α-hydroxy-hydrogen shift (1,6-H shift) of Z-δ-RO2 radicals through photolysis of an unsaturated hydroperoxy aldehyde (HPALD) and/or through the fast aldehyde hydrogen shift (rate constant ∼ 10 s−1 at 300 K) in di-hydroperoxy carbonyl peroxy radicals (di-HPCARP-RO2), depending on their relative yield. The agreement between all measured and modelled trace gases (hydroxyl, hydroperoxy and organic peroxy radicals, carbon monoxide and the sum of methyl vinyl ketone, methacrolein and hydroxyl hydroperoxides) is nearly independent on the adopted yield of HPALD and di-HPCARP-RO2 as both degrade relatively fast (
Summertime and wintertime atmospheric processes of secondary aerosol in Beijing
Authors: Duan Jing , Huang Ru-Jin , Li Yongjie , Chen Qi , Zheng Yan , Chen Yang , Lin Chunshui , Ni Haiyan , Wang Meng , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Ceburnis Darius , Chen Chunying , Worsnop Douglas R. , Hoffmann Thorsten , O'Dowd Colin , Cao Junji
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Secondary aerosol constitutes a large fraction of fine particles in urban air of China. However, its formation mechanisms and atmospheric processes remain largely uncertain despite considerable studies in recent years. To elucidate the seasonal variations of fine particles composition and secondary aerosol formation, an Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol chemical speciation monitor (Q-ACSM) combined with other online instruments were used to characterize the submicron particulate matter (diameter
Molecular characterization of alkyl nitrates in atmospheric aerosols by ion mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhang Haofei , Xu Wen , Wu Xiaokang , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Orlando John J. , Jayne John T. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Canagaratna Manjula R.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. We demonstrate the capability of the ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS-MS)
for molecular characterization of reactive and short-lived alkyl nitrates
(ANs) in atmospheric aerosols. We show significantly enhanced sensitivity
towards the intact molecules of ANs by ultimately 2 orders of magnitude
with the addition of inorganic anions such as chloride and nitrate to the
negative electrospray to promote the ion adduct formation. This approach
enables the measurement of ANs that have a low tendency to form molecular ions
on their own with an improved limit of detection in the range of 0.1 to 4.3 µM. Molecular identities of the ANs are well constrained by the
developed correlation between the collision cross section and mass-to-charge ratio,
which provides a two-dimensional separation of the -ONO2-containing
compounds on the basis of their molecular size and geometry. Structural
information of the nitrate molecules is further probed by the identification
of characteristic fragments produced from the collision-induced dissociation
of parent AN adducts. Application of the IMS-MS technique is exemplified by
the identification of hydroxy nitrates in secondary organic aerosols
produced from the photochemical oxidation of isoprene.
Cloud Detection over Snow and Ice with Oxygen A- and B-band Observations from the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC)
Authors: Zhou Yaping , Yang Yuekui , Gao Meng , Zhai Peng-Wang
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Satellite cloud detection over snow and ice has been difficult for passive remote sensing instruments due to the lack of contrast between clouds and the bright and cold surfaces; cloud mask algorithms often heavily rely on shortwave IR channels over such surfaces. The Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) does not have infrared channels, which makes cloud detection over snow/ice even more challenging. This study investigates the methodology of applying EPIC’s two oxygen absorption band pair ratios in A-band (764 nm, 780 nm) and B-band (688 nm, 680 nm) for cloud detection over the snow and ice surfaces. An elevation and zenith angle-dependent threshold scheme has been developed based on radiative transfer model simulations. The new scheme achieves significant improvement over the existing algorithm that imposes fixed thresholds for the A-band and B-band ratios. The positive detection rate nearly doubled from around 36 % to 70 % while the false detection rate dropped from 50 % to 15 % in January 2016 and 2017. The improvement during the summer months is less significant due to relatively better performance in the current algorithm. The new algorithm is applicable for all snow and ice surfaces including Antarctic, sea ice, high-latitude snow, and high-altitude glacier regions. This method is less reliable when clouds are optically thin or below 2.5 km because the sensitivity is low in oxygen band ratios for these cases.
Machine learning as an inversion algorithm for aerosol profile and property retrieval from multi-axis differential absorption spectroscopy measurements: a feasibility study
Authors: Dong Yun , Spinei Elena , Karpatne Anuj
Published: October 2019

Abstract. In this study, we explore a new approach based on machine learning (ML) for deriving aerosol extinction coefficient profiles, single scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter at 360 nm from a single MAX-DOAS sky scan. Our method relies on a multi-output sequence-to-sequence model combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for feature extraction and Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM) for profile prediction. The model was trained and evaluated using data simulated by VLIDORT v2.7, which contains 1 459 200 unique mappings. 75 % randomly selected simulations were used for training and the remaining 25 % for validation. The overall error of estimated aerosol properties for (1) total AOD is −1.4 ± 10.1 %, (2) for single scattering albedo is 0.1 ± 3.6 %; and (3) asymmetry factor is −0.1 ± 2.1 %. The resulting model is capable of retrieving aerosol extinction coefficient profiles with degrading accuracy as a function of height. The uncertainty due to the randomness in ML training is also discussed.
Air–sea fluxes of greenhouse gases and oxygen in the northern Benguela Current region during upwelling events
Authors: Morgan Eric J. , Lavric Jost V. , Arévalo-Martínez Damian L. , Bange Hermann W. , Steinhoff Tobias , Seifert Thomas , Heimann Martin
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Ground-based atmospheric observations of CO2, δ(O2∕N2), N2O, and CH4
were used to make estimates of the air–sea fluxes of these species from the Lüderitz and Walvis Bay upwelling cells in the northern Benguela region, during upwelling events. Average flux densities (±1σ) were 0.65±0.4 µmol m−2 s−1 for CO2, -5.1±2.5 µmol m−2 s−1 for O2 (as APO), 0.61±0.5 nmol m−2 s−1 for N2O, and 4.8±6.3 nmol m−2 s−1 for CH4. A comparison of our top-down (i.e., inferred from atmospheric anomalies) flux estimates with shipboard-based measurements showed that the two approaches agreed within ±55 % on average, though the degree of agreement varied by species and was best for CO2. Since the top-down method overestimated the flux density relative to the shipboard-based approach for all species, we also present flux density estimates that have been tuned to best match the shipboard fluxes. During the study, upwelling events were sources of CO2, N2O, and CH4 to the atmosphere. N2O fluxes were fairly low, in accordance with previous work suggesting that the evasion of this gas from the Benguela is smaller than for other eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS). Conversely, CH4 release was quite high for the marine environment, a result that supports studies that indicated a large sedimentary source of CH4 in the Walvis Bay area. These results demonstrate the suitability of atmospheric time series for characterizing the temporal variability of upwelling events and their influence on the overall marine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the northern Benguela region.
Simulating lightning NO production in CMAQv5.2: performance evaluations
Authors: Kang Daiwen , Foley Kristen M. , Mathur Rohit , Roselle Shawn J. , Pickering Kenneth E. , Allen Dale J.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. This study assesses the impact of the lightning nitric oxide (LNO) production schemes
in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model on ground-level air
quality as well as aloft atmospheric chemistry through detailed evaluation
of model predictions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone (O3) with
corresponding observations for the US. For ground-level evaluations, hourly
O3 and NOx values from the U.S. EPA Air Quality System (AQS) monitoring network are used to
assess the impact of different LNO schemes on model prediction of these
species in time and space. Vertical evaluations are performed using
ozonesonde and P-3B aircraft measurements during the Deriving
Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved
Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) campaign
conducted in the Baltimore–Washington region during July 2011. The impact on
wet deposition of nitrate is assessed using measurements from the National
Atmospheric Deposition Program's National Trends Network (NADP NTN).
Compared with the Base model (without LNO), the impact of LNO on surface
O3 varies from region to region depending on the Base model conditions.
Overall statistics suggest that for regions where surface O3 mixing
ratios are already overestimated, the incorporation of additional NO from
lightning generally increased model overestimation of mean daily maximum
8 h (DM8HR) O3 by 1–2 ppb. In regions where surface O3 is
underestimated by the Base model, LNO can significantly reduce the
underestimation and bring model predictions close to observations. Analysis
of vertical profiles reveals that LNO can significantly improve the vertical
structure of modeled O3 distributions by reducing underestimation
aloft and to a lesser degree decreasing overestimation near the surface.
Since the Base model underestimates the wet deposition of nitrate in most
regions across the modeling domain with the exception of the Pacific Coast, the inclusion
of LNO leads to reduction in biases and errors and an increase in
correlation coefficients at almost all the NADP NTN sites. Among the three
LNO schemes described in Kang et al. (2019), the hNLDN scheme, which is
implemented using hourly observed lightning flash data from National
Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), performs best for comparisons with ground-level values, vertical profiles, and wet deposition of nitrate; the mNLDN scheme (the monthly
NLDN-based scheme) performed slightly better. However, when observed
lightning flash data are not available, the linear regression-based
parameterization scheme, pNLDN, provides an improved estimate for nitrate
wet deposition compared to the base simulation that does not include LNO.
Assessment of climate change impact and difference on the river runoff in four basins in China under 1.5 and 2.0 °C global warming
Authors: Xu Hongmei , Liu Lüliu , Wang Yong , Wang Sheng , Hao Ying , Ma Jingjin , Jiang Tong
Published: October 2019

Abstract. To quantify climate change impact and difference on
basin-scale river runoff under the limiting global warming thresholds of 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C, this study examined four river basins
covering a wide hydroclimatic setting. We analyzed projected climate change
in four basins, quantified climate change impact on annual and seasonal
runoff based on the Soil Water Assessment Tool, and estimated the
uncertainty constrained by the global circulation model (GCM) structure
and the representative concentration pathways (RCPs). All statistics for the
two river basins (the Shiyang River, SYR, and the Chaobai River, CBR)
located in northern China indicated generally warmer and wetter conditions,
whereas the two river basins (the Huaihe River, HHR, and the Fujiang River, FJR) located in southern China projected less warming and were
inconsistent regarding annual precipitation change. The simulated changes in
annual runoff were complex; however, there was no shift in seasonal runoff
pattern. The 0.5 ∘C global warming difference resulted in 0.7 and 0.6 ∘C warming in basins in northern and
southern China, respectively. This led to a projected precipitation increase
by about 2 % for the four basins and to a decrease in simulated annual
runoff of 8 % and 1 % in the SYR and the HHR, respectively, but to an
increase of 4 % in the CBR and the FJR. The uncertainty in projected
annual temperature was dominated by the GCMs or the RCPs; however, that of
precipitation was constrained mainly by the GCMs. The 0.5 ∘C
difference decreased the uncertainty in the annual precipitation projection and the
annual and monthly runoff simulation.
Brief Communication: The reliability of gas extraction techniques for analysing CH4 and N2O compositions in gas trapped in permafrost ice-wedges
Authors: Yang Ji-Woong , Ahn Jinho , Iwahana Go , Han Sangyoung , Kim Kyungmin , Fedorov Alexander
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) compositions in ground ice may provide information on their production mechanisms in permafrost. However, existing gas extraction methods has not been well tested. We test conventional wet and dry gas extraction methods using ice-wedges from Alaska and Siberia. We find that both methods extract gas from the easily extractable parts of the ice (e.g., gas bubbles), and yield similar results for CH4 and N2O mixing ratios. We also find insignificant effects of microbial activity during wet extraction. However, both techniques are unable to fully extract gas from the ice, presumably because gas molecules adsorbed onto or enclosed in soil aggregates are not easily extractable. Estimation of gas production in subfreezing environment of permafrost should consider the incomplete gas extraction.
Rossby number similarity of atmospheric RANS using limited
length scale turbulence closures extended to unstable stratification
Authors: van der Laan Maarten Paul , Kelly Mark , Floors Rogier , Peña Alfredo
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The design of wind turbines and wind farms can be improved by increasing the accuracy of the inflow models representing the atmospheric boundary layer. In this work we employ one-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of the idealized atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), using turbulence closures with a length scale limiter. These models can represent the mean effects of surface roughness, Coriolis force, limited ABL depth, and neutral and stable atmospheric conditions using four input parameters: the roughness length, the Coriolis parameter, a maximum turbulence length, and the geostrophic wind speed. We find a new model-based Rossby similarity, which reduces the four input parameters to two Rossby numbers with different length scales. In addition, we extend the limited length scale turbulence models to treat the mean effect of unstable stratification in steady-state simulations. The original and extended turbulence models are compared with historical measurements of meteorological quantities and profiles of the atmospheric boundary layer for different atmospheric stabilities.
Transparência pública e acesso à informação:
Authors: Guerra Maria das Graças Gonçalves Vieira , Carvalho Kliandra de Almeida Galdino
Published: October 2019

A Constituição Federal estabeleceu o princípio da publicidade que traz em si a característica da transparência pública e a garantia de acesso à informação a todo cidadão. A Lei de Acesso à Informação - LAI, criada em 2011, e regulamentada, no Estado da Paraíba, através do Decreto Estadual nº 33.050/2012, é uma ferramenta importante para a sociedade cobrar a transparência pública e o acesso às informações públicas. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a transparência pública na Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Após as análises dos resultados, encontrou-se na UEPB uma ampla adequação ao Decreto Estadual nº 33.050/2012, fato este que não induz a assertiva de que toda instituição pública segue os mesmos padrões.
OTIMIZAÇÃO NÃO DETERMINÍSTICA DE TRELIÇAS
Authors: Almeida Sylvia Regina Mesquita de , Souza Maurílio de Jesus , Tavares do Amaral Pedro Felipe
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um programa de otimização probabilística de treliças, por meio do uso de um algoritmo heurístico (Branch and Bound) e pela aplicação de técnica para determinação de probabilidade de falha de uma estrutura (Monte Carlo), programados por meio do MATLAB. Para minimização do volume estrutural, consideram-se como variáveis de projeto as áreas e inércias das seções transversais das barras. As restrições são de tensão máxima no material, flambagem de barras comprimidas e deslocamento de nós específicos da treliça. São implementados exemplos de otimização determinística de outros trabalhos, de modo a provar sua incompatibilidade quanto aos requisitos de confiabilidade. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as soluções ótimas determinísticas são incompatíveis quanto a este requisito, e que as soluções ótimas probabilísticas são mais robustas, de modo a aumentar a confiabilidade do sistema.
Amanita subjunquillea and its ectomycorrhizal association, reported as new for Pakistan
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad , Naseer Arooj , Kiran Munazza , Fiaz Muhammad , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: October 2019

Amanita subjunquillea and its ectomycorrhizal association are reported for the first time from moist temperate Himalayan forests of Pakistan. The sample was studied based on morphological characters and nucleotide sequence analyses of the ITS region generated from basidiomata
and ectomycorrhizal roots of Quercus floribunda. Our collection differs from the type in its dark orange pileus disc and pale yellow margins. Remaining morphological and molecular data are consistent with previously reported specimens. This represents the first report of A. subjunquillea
from Pakistan.
Pleurotheciopsis triseptata sp. nov. from China
Authors: Ai Cong-Cong , Xia Ji-Wen , Zhang Xiu-Guo , Ma Li-Guo
Published: October 2019

A new anamorphic species, Pleurotheciopsis triseptata, is described and illustrated from specimens collected on dead stems in China. This fungus is characterized by polyblastic and sympodial conidiogenous cells producing catenate, fusiform, 3-euseptate, versicolored conidia.
Beltraniomyces panthericolor and B. pulcher spp. nov. from Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Flavia Rodrigues , Fiuza Patrícia Oliveira , Barbosa Gleyson Cristiano Korpan , Costa Loise Araújo , Barreto Gabriel Ginane , Gusmão Luis Fernando Pascholati , Castañeda-Ruiz Rafael Felipe
Published: October 2019

Two new Beltraniomyces species found on decaying leaves and wood in Brazil are described and illustrated. Beltraniomyces panthericolor is distinguished by biconic, brown conidia with multiple, irregular, dispersed, smoky to gray-brown spots that resemble leopard spots.
Beltraniomyces pulcher is characterized by biconic conidia with rounded to subobtuse apices.
National Coalition Against Censorship
Authors: Chomintra Melissa
Published: October 2019

The National Coalition Against Censorship (NCAC), a not-for-profit organization, provides robust open access resources to students, teachers, parents, librarians, artists, curators, and others who are faced with first amendment issues. The content is comprehensive and can be easily
implemented and utilized in a multitude of settings. While there are myriad organizations dedicated to freedom of thought and expression the NCAC focuses on providing actionable resources that set them apart from their peers. This review focuses on the curated content and educational resources.
The Development of Time Banking in Hong Kong
Authors: Young Fanny YF
Published: October 2019

This literature review paper examined the development of time banking in Hong Kong. Time banking is a system of transaction using time. Members of a time bank can earn time credits through work which they can spend these credits later. Time banking has become an international movement with participants included people in different age groups, local businesses, staff from participating organizations and even the organizations themselves. This diversity of time banking systems in different areas showed modifications of time banking systems can increase their uses, functions and effectiveness, and also can improve their versatility so as to provide tailor-made applications on different problems in different situations. Although around half a century has passed after the first time bank appeared (Miller, 2008), there was only one time bank in Hong Kong involving the elderly care service and the number of participants were less than 200 (Tsui, 2018; Ho, 2018; Lee, 2018). To improve this situation it is necessary to see whether it is possible to modify the present time banking system so that more extensive and effective applications can be provided. The present paper will address this gap of knowledge through proposing a time banking system on young people with the novel time credit multiplier concept with an aim to alleviate the serious and ever increasing manpower shortage problem of the elderly care services in Hong Kong.
Subject/non-subject movement asymmetries in Late Archaic Chinese
Authors: Aldridge Edith
Published: October 2019

This paper accounts for the inability of a non-subject DP to move over the subject in Late Archaic Chinese (LAC) by proposing that DP movement could only be licensed by checking a case feature. Consequently, movement into the C/TP layer was generally only possible for the subject. An object could be topicalized, but only if it was base generated in the left periphery and resumed by a pronoun in argument position. Likewise, focused objects could undergo dislocation but they moved no further than the edge of vP. This paper further proposes that the restriction of DP landing sites to positions where they could check a case feature is in turn a consequence of how Labeling takes place. I propose that features like topic, focus, [Q], etc. require overt marking in order to participate in Labeling. In the absence of such marking, the only feature a bare DP can share for the purposes of Labeling is its case feature. LAC did allow non-subjects to move into the C/TP layer in order to form a relative clause, but such relative clauses were nominalized, and the subject valued genitive case with an external determiner. Because the subject was licensed external to the clause with genitive case, it did not need to check the case feature on C/T inside the relative clause, thereby leaving this feature available for the object.
Verbal mismatch in Right-Node Raising
Authors: Shiraïshi Aoi , Abeillé Anne , Hemforth Barbara , Miller Philip
Published: October 2019

Right-Node Raising (RNR, Ross 1967; Chaves 2014) has been claimed to require phonological identity between the missing material and the shared element. Our corpus investigations provide examples of RNR with verb form mismatch with and without syncretism in English and French. Two acceptability experiments show that lack of phonological identity does not affect the acceptability of RNR. We argue further that RNR without phonological identity cannot be taken to be a case of cataphoric VP-ellipsis in French and that it should not be analyzed as such in English. As regards the status of RNR with verb form mismatch, two positions are available: either it is considered to be grammatical, in which case the phonological resolution principle of Pullum & Zwicky (1986) does not hold, or it is considered to be ungrammatical but repaired (or “recycled”, Arregui et al. 2006; Frazier 2013). The high acceptability of cases with mismatch compared with ungrammatical controls casts doubt on the applicability of the recycling hypothesis in such cases. In order to account for the broader range of data established by our corpus and experimental results, we propose a new analysis of RNR based on lexeme identity rather than form identity.
A Study of Association between Taiwan’s Corporate Governance Appraisal and Financial Performance: Evidence from Taiwan Listed Companies
Authors: Liu Li-Lun , Huang Yu-Ting
Published: October 2019

To enable all listed companies to gradually upgrade and implement corporate governance, the appraisals are promoted to assist investors through the comparison of corporate governance appraisal (CGA) in Taiwan’s market. Using a panel data is based on the companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange during the period 2014-2016; this paper provides evidence that earnings management is affected negatively by corporate governance quality.

This is expected to guide healthy competition between enterprises and strengthen corporate governance. Recent studies have pointed out that managers are more favorable to their actions due to weak corporate governance. While most studies explored the relationship between corporate governance and financial performance, few studies have included in corporate governance appraisal (CGA).

This study examines how CGA in Taiwan listed companies will affect their earnings quality and this study uses earnings management (EM) as measure of financial performance. In addition, reference is made to the Big 4 accounting firms to explain the consequences of CGA and, specifically, its effect on the quality of financial statements. The empirical results show that CGA and earnings management have a significantly negative correlation. In addition, the CGA of companies audited by the Big 4 indicate that those with better earnings quality also conduct less earnings management.
What Skills Make a Salesperson Effective? An Exploratory Comparative Study among Car Sales Professionals
Authors: Ben Amor Nour El Houda
Published: October 2019

This study explores important skills of an effective salesperson as well as their impacts in terms of performance from both sales managers and sales representatives perspectives. An exploratory research was conducted on a total of 58 car sales professionals that comprise 30 sales managers and 28 salespersons. A thematic analysis of interviews content indicates existence of both similarities and differences in skills perceptions among the two groups of sales professionals. Salespeople reveal that to be effective they should have communication and listening skills, knowledge possession, sales presentation skills, flexibility and adaptability, empathy, cooperative skills, honest and ethical behavior, and time management skills. Sales managers, on the other hand, highlighted the importance of two additional skills, namely the follow-up and technology skills. From the skills gap, the study suggests implications for academicians and practitioners.
Kroniek rechtspraak bestuursrecht
Authors: van der Jagt-Jobsen J.A.E. , de Vries M.A.
Published: October 2019

Kroniek rechtspraak bestuursrecht

De Kroniek rechtspraak bestuursrecht bespreekt de jurisprudentie van 9 april 2014 tot en met 15 april 2016. De kroniek bevat een overzicht van de belangrijkste bestuursrechtelijke uitspraken op het gebied van de gezondheidszorg: algemeen bestuurs(proces)rechtelijke onderwerpen, uitspraken over de Wet BIG, diverse uitspraken op het terrein van handhaving, Wob-jurisprudentie, een uitspraak over de Wbp, jurisprudentie over de Geneesmiddelenwet, varia en de rapporten van de Nationale Ombudsman.
Een nieuwe Regeling beoordelingscommissie late zwangerschapsafbreking en levensbeëindiging bij pasgeborenen
Authors: Dorscheidt J.H.H.M.
Published: October 2019

Een nieuwe Regeling beoordelingscommissie late zwangerschapsafbreking en levensbeëindiging bij pasgeborenen: goede inval of bedenkelijke manoeuvre?

In deze bijdrage wordt de nieuwe Regeling inzake late zwangerschapsafbreking (LZA) en levensbeëindiging bij pasgeborenen (LP) besproken en becommentarieerd. Daarbij wordt vooral nagegaan in hoeverre deze nieuwe Regeling eerder gesignaleerde knelpunten in de LZA/LP-praktijk daadwerkelijk kan verhelpen en hoe de keuze om de nieuwe beoordelingscommissie overwegend medisch in te kleuren past bij het te waarborgen belang van maatschappelijke zorgvuldigheid.
Het gebruik van patiëntgegevens in de nieuwe klachtenprocedure
Authors: Philips-Santman C.E.
Published: October 2019

Het gebruik van patiëntgegevens in de nieuwe klachtenprocedure

De heersende opvatting dat voor het gebruik van patiëntgegevens in een klachtenprocedure uitdrukkelijke toestemming van een patiënt nodig is, moet in het kader van de inwerkingtreding van de Wkkgz worden heroverwogen. Twee belangrijke wijzigingen in het klachtrecht geven daarvoor aanleiding: (1) een zorgaanbieder is voor de interne behandeling van een klacht niet langer verplicht gebruik te maken van een onafhankelijke klachtencommissie en (2) een zorgaanbieder is verplicht zich aan te sluiten bij een geschilleninstantie die (in tweede instantie) bij wege van bindend advies over een klacht oordeelt. Als een zorgaanbieder zelf een oordeel velt over de gegrondheid van een klacht moet het gebruik van patiëntgegevens in dat kader ook zonder toestemming van de patiënt mogelijk zijn. De procedure bij een geschilleninstantie valt onder de reikwijdte van artikel 6 lid 1 EVRM. De daarmee samenhangende waarborgen zouden ook van toepassing moeten zijn op de afhandeling van een klacht in ‘eerste aanleg’.
De verzwaarde betwistplicht: gebrekkige verslaglegging en een rechtsvergelijkend perspectief
Authors: Beekhof A.
Published: October 2019

De verzwaarde betwistplicht: gebrekkige verslaglegging en een rechtsvergelijkend perspectief

Een belangrijke factor die eraan bijdraagt dat medische schade weinig verhaald wordt, is dat de bewijslast bij de patiënt ligt, terwijl het bewijsmateriaal zich veelal bij de hulpverlener bevindt. In de Nederlandse rechtspraak is voor dit probleem een oplossing gevonden in de zogenoemde ‘verzwaarde stelplicht’ of ‘verzwaarde betwistplicht’. Een belangrijke vraag is wat in het kader van deze plicht rechtens is wanneer de medische verslaglegging gebrekkig is. De antwoorden op deze vraag geven aanleiding tot rechtsvergelijking: de bewijsrechtelijke positie van de patiënt heeft bij onze oosterburen in bepaalde situaties een meer afgewogen regeling gekregen.
Kroniek rechtspraak Wet Bopz
Authors: Dörenberg V.E.T.
Published: October 2019

Kroniek rechtspraak Wet Bopz

Deze kroniek bevat een selectie van rechtspraak die is gewezen in de periode van 1 februari 2015 tot 1 september 2016. Er is aandacht voor uitspraken met betrekking tot de inhoudelijke vereisten voor gedwongen opneming, de procedurele vereisten, vereisten rondom bijzondere machtigingen en vereisten rondom gedwongen verblijf. Daarbij wordt eveneens verwezen naar relevante tuchtrechtelijke uitspraken. Speciale aandacht is er voor samenloop met het strafrecht.
Kroniek rechtspraak rechten van de mens
Authors: Hendriks A.C.
Published: October 2019

Kroniek rechtspraak rechten van de mens

Het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens (EHRM of Hof) heeft in de periode september 2015 tot en met 31 december 2016 een groot aantal uitspraken gedaan die voor gezondheidsjuristen van belang zijn. In het bijzonder zijn de uitspraken over de samenwerking tussen artsen en ziekenhuizen van belang, alsmede diverse uitspraken over onvrijwillige opnames, het ontnemen van de handelingsbekwaamheid van patiënten en het in het openbaar uiten van kritiek door en op artsen. Deze en andere zaken, die ook voor Nederland relevant zijn, worden in deze kroniek besproken.
Kroniek rechtspraak zorgverzekeringsrecht
Authors: van Balen C. , Michels C.M.E.
Published: October 2019

Kroniek rechtspraak zorgverzekeringsrecht

Deze Kroniek rechtspraak zorgverzekeringsrecht bevat een selectie van gepubliceerde rechtspraak die betrekking heeft op de Zorgverzekeringwet (Zvw), de Algemene Wet Bijzondere Ziektekosten (AWBZ) en – voor het eerst – de Wet langdurige zorg (Wlz). Er zijn uitspraken geselecteerd uit de periode 1 januari 2015 tot 1 april 2017.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts as a potential target in oncology therapy
Authors: Dominiak Agnieszka , Nowicki Tomasz , Łacheta Dominika , Nowicka Grażyna
Published: October 2019

Tumors make up a complex environment that consists of intensive proliferating cancer cells surrounded by normal cells. Fibroblasts recruited by cancer termed CAFs, are one of the major cell groups within the reactive stroma of the most common tumors. Because of the crosstalk between quiescent fibroblasts and cancer cells, fibroblasts undergo phenotypic transition and acquire new functions that have been “forced by a tumor”. CAFs affect the development of the drug resistance and cancer progression as they are involved in the growth of cancers, neoangiogenesis, immune evasion and metastatic colonisation in distant organs. Fibroblast-directed therapy offers the opportunity to prevent initiation, progression and metastasis of many invasive tumors. The current studies on CAF-based therapy focus on two strategies. The first strategy leads to the elimination of CAFs and the neutralization of their released factors and the second aims at reverting the CAF-phenotype to a “normal” fibroblast-phenotype. Although the results of preclinical studies conducted on cell cultures and animal models indicate that therapy aimed at reversion or inhibition CAFs function seem to be a promising therapeutic target, available clinical studies have not yet confirmed this. Nevertheless, it is necessary to underline that until now CAF-based therapy has been used in patients with advanced cancer and there is no clinical study using such therapy in the early stage of cancer. The available data also indicates that CAF-based therapy could be used in combination with common anticancer drugs to increase their effectiveness. Therefore, further studies on the usefulness of the proposed CAF-based therapy are needed.
Genetic parameter estimation for reproductive traits in QingYu pigs and comparison of carcass and meat quality traits to Berkshire×QingYu crossbred pigs
Authors: Luo Jia , Yang Yiting , Liao Kun , Liu Bin , Chen Ying , Shen Linyuan , Chen Lei , Jiang An’an , Liu Yihui , Li Qiang , Wang Jinyong , Li Xuewei , Zhang Shunhua , Zhu Li
Published: October 2019

Objective: The QingYu pig is well known for its excellent meat quality attributes in Sichuan province, China. In order to improve its production efficiency, the determination of genetic factors contributing to quantifiable economic traits of livestock is important. Moreover, the cross-breeding of QingYu pigs with western breeds possessing strong growth attributes is an efficient way to improve the performance of this breed.Methods: Here, the genetic parameters of several important reproductive traits of QingYu pigs were estimated, include total number born (TNB), number born alive, litter birth weight, individual birth weight, number of piglets weaned, litter weaning weight, and individual weaning weight. The data was analyzed using the ASReml 3.0 software (NSW Inc., Sydney, Australia). Furthermore, the effects of crossing Berkshire with QingYu (BQ) pigs on carcass and meat quality traits, as well as the effects of slaughter weight on carcass and meat quality of BQ were characterized.Results: QingYu pigs exhibited superior reproductive traits. The TNB available to QingYu pigs was more than 8 per parity. The observed repeatability of the reproductive traits of the QingYu pigs was between 0.10 and 0.23. The significantly correlated genetic and phenotypic of reproduction traits were consistent. Interestingly, the BQ pigs exhibited improved carcass quality, with a significant increase in loin muscle area, lean percentage and reduction in sebum percentage. As a result, BQ had higher L45min, lower cooking scores, and lower drip loss. In addition, the loin muscle area, body length, and sebum percentage were significantly higher in 90 and 100 kg animals. Cooking loss showed a significant increase at 80 kg, and marbling increased significantly from 90 kg.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that QingYu pigs exhibit excellent reproductive properties and heritability of these traits. Crossing with Berkshire is an efficient strategy to improve the carcass and meat quality of QingYu pigs for commercial operations. Furthermore, it appears as though the optimal slaughter weight of BQ pigs is at approximately 90 kg.
Effect of Broussonetia papyrifera L. silage on blood biochemical parameters, growth performance, meat amino acids and fatty acids compositions in beef cattle
Authors: Tao Hui , Si Bingwen , Xu Wencai , Tu Yan , Diao Qiyu
Published: October 2019

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effects of Broussonetia papyrifera L.(B. papyrifera) silage on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, meat quality, and meat amino acids and fatty acids compositions in beef cattle.Methods: Sixty-four male Angus beef cattle were assigned to 4 groups with 4 pens in each group and 4 beef cattle in each pen, and fed with the total mixed ration supplemented with 0%, 5%, 10%, or 15% B. papyrifera silage for 100 days (control group, 5% group, 10% group and 15% group) separately.Results: Beef cattle had significantly higher final body weight (BW) in 15% group, higher average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) in 5% group, 10% group and 15% group, and higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) in 10% group and 15% group. Significantly higher blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration was noted in 15% group, higher blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in 10% group and 15% group, lower 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in 15% group. Meat had lower pH in 15% group, higher Commission International DeI’Eclairage (CIE) L* in 5% group, 10% group, and 15% group, and lower drip loss in 15% group. Greater concentration of meat polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was observed in 10% group and 15% group, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in 15% group.Conclusion: Diet with 15% B. papyrifera silage could improve performance and increase final BW, ADG, DMI, and FCR, enhance the antioxidant functions by decreasing blood 8-OHdG and MDA and increasing blood SOD and TAC, improve the meat quality by lowing pH and drip loss and increasing CIE L*, increase the meat PUFA and DHA concentration. Polyphenols and flavonoids might be the main components responsible for the antioxidant activity and anti-biohydrogenation in the B. papyrifera silage. And B. papyrifera silage could be used as a new feedstuff in beef cattle nutrition.
Effects of wild or mutated inoculants on rye silage and its rumen fermentation indices
Authors: Paradhipta Dimas Hand Vidya , Joo Young Ho , Lee Hyuk Jun , Lee Seong Shin , Kwak Youn Sig , Han Ouk Kyu , Kim Dong Hyeon , Kim Sam Churl
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to confirm the effects of new inoculants producing-antifungal or esterase substances on rye silage and its rumen fermentation indices by comparing wild with mutated types.Methods: Rye harvested at dough stage was ensiled into 3 L mini bucket silo (1 kg) for 90 d in triplicate following: distilled water at 20 μL/g (CON); Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 (AT) and its inactivation of antifungal genes (AT-m) at 1.2×105 cfu/g, respectively; and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 (FD) and its inactivation of esterase genes (FD-est) at 1.0×105 cfu/g, respectively. After silo opened, silage was sub-sampled for the analysis of ensiling quality and its rumen fermentation indices.Results: Among the wild type inoculants (CON vs AT vs FD), FD inoculant had higher (p<0.05) in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in rumen, while AT inoculant had higher (p<0.05) lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria in silage. Silage pH and the potentially degradable fraction in rumen increased (p<0.05) by inactivation of antifungal activity (AT vs AT-m), but lactate, acetate, and lactic acid bacteria of silage decreased (p<0.05). In silage, acetate increased (p<0.05) by inactivation of esterase activity (FD vs FD-est) with decreases (p<0.05) of pH, ammonia-N, lactate, and yeast. Moreover, inactivation of esterase activity clearly decreased (p<0.05) in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, the total degradable fraction, and total volatile fatty acid in the rumen.Conclusion: This study concluded that FD inoculant confirmed esterase activity on rye silage harvested at dough stage, while AT inoculant could not be confirmed with antifungal activity due to the absence of mold in all silages.