bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermally conductive h-BN/EHTPB/epoxy composites with enhanced toughness for on-board traction transformers
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Zhou Lijun , Chen Tiandong , Wang Dongyang , Wang Lujia
Published: October 2022

The dry-type on-board traction transformer (DOBTT) has the characteristics of huge heat generation and high heat dissipation requirements, so it has higher requirements for heat dissipation performance of epoxy resin (EP) insulation. However, the toughness of the existing high thermal conductivity EP composite after being modified by inorganic particles is greatly reduced, and it is very easy to crack under the occasion of frequent vibration such as electric multiple units or electric locomotives, so it cannot be directly applied to the DOBTT. In this article, the composite using h-BN to improve the thermal conductivity, and epoxidized hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (EHTPB) liquid rubber to improve the toughness was prepared. After characterization and testing, it was found that when the EHTPB content was between 10 and 15 phr, the elongation at break of the EP/h-BN/EHTPB composite could be increased by 47.9% and the impact strength could be increased by 47.8% compared with that without EHTPB. The thermal and electrical performances were still satisfactory, which has a potential in application of on-board electrical equipment.
Research on the application of search algorithm in computer communication network
Authors: Ai Hua , Chai Jianwei , Zhang Jilei , Khanna Shaweta , Ghafoor Kayhan Zrar
Published: October 2022

This article mitigates the challenges of previously reported literature by reducing the operating cost and improving the performance of network. A genetic algorithm-based tabu search methodology is proposed to solve the link capacity and traffic allocation (CFA) problem in a computer communication network. An efficient modern super-heuristic search method is used to influence the fixed cost, delay cost, and variable cost of a link on the total operating cost in the computer communication network are discussed. The article analyses a large number of computer simulation results to verify the effectiveness of the tabu search algorithm for CFA problems and also improves the quality of solutions significantly compared with traditional Lagrange relaxation and subgradient optimization algorithms. The experimental results show that with the increase of the weighted coefficient of variable cost, the proportion of variable cost in the total cost increases from 10 to 35%. The growth is relatively slow, and the fixed cost is still the main component. In addition, due to the increase in the variable cost, the tabu search algorithm will also choose the link with large luxury to reduce the variable cost, which makes the fixed cost slightly increase, while the network delay cost and average delay slightly decrease. The proposed method, when compared with the genetic algorithm, has more advantages for large-scale or heavy-load networks.
An adaptive RNN algorithm to detect shilling attacks for online products in hybrid recommender system
Authors: Chopra Akanksha Bansal , Dixit Veer Sain
Published: October 2022

Recommender system (RS) depends on the thoughts of numerous users to predict the favourites of potential consumers. RS is vulnerable to malicious information. Unsuitable products can be offered to the user by injecting a few unscrupulous “shilling” profiles like push and nuke attacks into the RS. Injection of these attacks results in the wrong recommendation for a product. The aim of this research is to develop a framework that can be widely utilized to make excellent recommendations for sales growth. This study uses the methodology that presents an enhanced clustering algorithm named as modified density peak clustering algorithm on the consumer review dataset to ensure a well-formed cluster. An improved recurrent neural network algorithm is proposed to detect these attacks in hybrid RS, which uses the content-based RS and collaborative filtering RS. The results are compared with other state of the art algorithms. The proposed method is more suitable for E-commerce applications where the number of customers and products grows rapidly.
Morphological redescription, phylogenetic position, and distribution of the near threatened cavy Microcavia shiptoni (Thomas, 1925), with a key for the living species of Microcavia
Authors: Teta Pablo , Jayat Pablo , Ortiz Pablo E. , D’Elía Guillermo
Published: October 2022

The genus Microcavia includes six species of terrestrial, medium-sized, living cavies that occupy arid to semiarid environments at both high and low elevations in western and southern South America. Among these, Microcavia shiptoni is one of the least known species, being recorded only at two isolated localities from northwestern Argentina. Genetic information and a detailed morphological characterization are lacking for this elusive species. In this work, we start filling these gaps by including M. shiptoni in a phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial DNA sequences that includes five of the six currently recognized species and place M. shiptoni as sister to M. niata in a clade of highland species. In addition, using both qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, we provided an emended diagnosis for this taxon and a key for the living species of the genus. Finally, we present, the first notes on the natural history of this species.
Formen des Vergessens bei Tacitus
Authors: Schulz Verena
Published: October 2022

Tacitus understands himself as a historiographer who writes against forgetting. This essay examines how Tacitus conceives of forgetting and how he depicts processes of forgetting. (1) First I will introduce forgetting as an important research theme in modern memory studies. Research on forgetting can help us to understand transformations in the collective memory of modern and ancient social groups. (2) In Tacitus’ works about Roman imperial history forgetting stands out as a crucial topic. (3) When analysing processes of forgetting in the Annals, the Histories and the Agricola, we can distinguish different forms of forgetting (such as ‘automatic forgetting’ and ‘directed forgetting’) as well as certain methods that Tacitus depicts as supporting or impeding forgetting. I will focus on ‘removing’ as an ambivalent method of forgetting, and on ‘writing’, which is central to Tacitus’ concept of the historiographer. This analysis of Tacitus’ works reveals that his ideas on forgetting are highly relevant to the twenty-first century. Tacitus’ age, like our own, was one of dramatic societal change, in which social frames are transformed, while the objects of collective memory are questioned and reevaluated.
Jesus’ Socratic Trial and Pilate’s Confession in Nonnus’ Paraphrasis of St John’s Gospel
Authors: Lefteratou Anna
Published: October 2022

This article argues that theParaphrasis of St John’s Gospelby Nonnus offers a response to late antique concerns as to why the salvific message of Jesus failed to be recognised by authorities of the Roman Empire in the Gospels. By reworking the portrait of Pilate found in John’s Gospel, Nonnus transforms the governor into an unambiguously late antiquepepaideumenos,one who ultimately participates in the promulgation of Christian salvation and truth. The analysis shows that Nonnus accomplishes this portrait through the use of Homeric parallels and allusions to Plato’sApology of Socrates, which transform Jesus’ trial before Pilate from John 18 into a philosophical dialogue about justice, kingship, and truth. The poem invites its late antique audience to better identify with Pilate and to see his inscription of the title (titulus) on Jesus’ cross as an early gentile confession of faith, ultimately making Pilate into an apostleavant-la-lettreand rehabilitating the role of Rome vis-à-vis Christianity for late antique audiences.

This work is part of a project on the reception of John’s Gospel in Late Antiquity under the direction of Prof. Michele Cutino and his research group, GIRPAM, at the Faculté de théologie catholique, Université de Strasbourg.
Dual-band bound states in the continuum based on hybridization of surface lattice resonances
Authors: Du Xiang , Xiong Lei , Zhao Xueqian , Chen Shuai , Shi Jianping , Li Guangyuan
Published: October 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel strategy to achieve dual-band symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs) in silicon metasurfaces. This strategy is based on the hybridization of Mie surface lattice resonances (SLRs) in periodic silicon bipartite nanodisk arrays, of which the central nanodisk displaced from the center of the unit cell. We show that dual-band electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole BICs can be supported in such a system, and transfer to quasi-BICs with ultrahigh measured quality factors up to 1240 at the Γ point. Taking advantage of the SLR characteristics, we show that the spectral separation and the quality factors of these two quasi-BICs can be conveniently tuned by varying the nanodisk diameter or the lattice period. Making use of these dual-band quasi-BICs, we numerically obtain bulk sensitivities above 480 nm/RIU and high figures of merit up to 1200. We also show that when the central nanodisk is not displaced but has different diameter, the silicon bipartite nanodisk array supports an electric dipole BIC that was referred to as subradiant SLR in the literature. Our work provides a new approach for realizing and tuning dual-band BICs, and the obtained ultrahigh-Q quasi-BICs can find potential applications in nonlinear optics, multimodal lasing, and optical sensing.
Crystal structure of poly[tetrakis(μ3-2-aminonicotinato-κ3N,O,O′)-(μ2-oxalato-κ4
O,O′:O″,O′″)-(μ4-oxalato-κ6
N:N′:O,O′:O″,O′″)dicopper(I)-disamarium(III)], [SmCu(C6N2H5O2)2(C2O4)]
n
Authors: Zhou Wei-Wei , Zhao Wang , Wang Jing , Song Ming-Jun
Published: October 2022

[SmCu(C6N2H5O2)2(C2O4)]
n
, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.457(6) Å, b = 9.482(4) Å, c = 11.013(4) Å, α = 75.87(4)°, β = 89.853(12)°, γ = 62.786(11)°, V = 844.8(7) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0292, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0691, T = 296 K.
The crystal structure of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)porphyrin-21,23-diido-κ4
N
4-naphthalocyanido-κ4
N
4-neodymium(IV) - chloroform (1/6) C114H90N12Cl18Nd
Authors: Liguo Yang , Xin Wang , Jiaqi Fu , Xinyu Ji
Published: October 2022

C114H90N12Cl18Nd, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 17.3389(7) Å, b = 18.7671(5) Å, c = 19.1454(8) Å, α = 79.600(3)°, β = 68.752(4)°, γ = 68.572(3)°, V = 5396.7(4) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0722, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1979, T = 298 K.
Synthesis and crystal structure of {(N′,N″-(((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(2,1-phenylene))-bis(methaneylylidene))bis(2-hydroxybenzohydrazonato)-κ6
N
2
O
4}copper(II), C30H24CuN4O6
Authors: Cai Jie-Qiong
Published: October 2022

C30H24CuN4O6, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 10.8014(2) Å, b = 10.8211(2) Å, c = 13.4530(3) Å, α = 100.308(1)°, β = 113.075(1)°, γ = 99.989(1)°, Z = 2, V = 1370.76(5) Å3, R

gt
(F) = 0.0365, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0937, T = 297 K.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(4-(hydroxymethyl)-benzoato-k1
O)zinc(II), C16H18O8Zn
Authors: Huang Yujiao , Li Ben , Miao Siyi , Luo Linhui , Pang Haixia , Tang Qiang
Published: October 2022

C16H18O8Zn, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 12.152(2) Å, b = 5.0051(8) Å, c = 27.273(5) Å, β = 101.536(7)°, V = 1625.3(5) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.052, wRref
(F
2) = 0.143, T = 296 K.
The crystal structure of 3-anilino-1,4-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ium iodide, C20H17N4I
Authors: Lee Hon Man , Hung Hsiu-Yu
Published: October 2022

C20H17N4I, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.304(3) Å, b = 14.830(7) Å, c = 16.482(7) Å, β = 98.202(12)°, V = 1767.2(14) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0568, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1359, T = 150 K.
The crystal structure of 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzoic- acid—pyrazine-2-carboxamide—water (1/1/1), C12H13N3O7
Authors: Jiang Cheng-Jun , Wang Zhi-Hua , Xia Ying-Fan , Li Chao-Feng , Lin Shu-ting , Zhang Jia-rong
Published: October 2022

C12H13N3O7, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.9878(9) Å, b = 7.0956(8) Å, c = 13.8113(15) Å, α = 88.745(5)°, β = 87.764(5)°, γ = 75.785(5)°, V = 663.27(14) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt
(F) = 0.0455, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1264, T = 296.15 K.
Mechanical properties improving and microstructure characterization of inorganic artificial stone binder
Authors: Huang Yifeng , Ma Lanyu , Lai Wenqin , Mo Qiufeng , Zheng Yihua , Li Yanming , Xu Mengxue , Huang Zhimin
Published: October 2022

In this article, aiming at the problems of low mechanical properties and the unstable structure of the binder in inorganic artificial stone, performance improvements were studied. The effects of 12 materials of blast-furnace slag (BFS), fly ash (FA), and kaolin on the properties and microstructure of inorganic binders were systematically studied and analyzed. As a result, the compressive strength of BFS-2, FA-1, and FA-2 binder was increased by 10.0, 6.0, and 1.5%, and the flexural strength was increased by 44.8, 79.2, and 1.3%, respectively. It was worth noting that BFS and FA could effectively promote hydration reactions due to active materials and boost the growth of C–S–H and CH, leading to the inorganic binder forming a stable structure. Thus, this work systematically designs and prepares inorganic binders with high compressive strength and excellent flexural strength. This reveals how inorganic materials affect the properties of inorganic binders on the microstructure and offer a new idea for the development of this field.
Oil mediated green synthesis of nano silver in the presence of surfactants for catalytic and food preservation application
Authors: Pervaiz Seemab , Bibi Iram , Hussain Shah Syed Waqar , Wahab Zain Ul , Ilyas Hafsa , Khan Ahmad , Khan Muhammad , Zada Amir
Published: October 2022

The present study details the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using clove oil as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Cationic, anionic, nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants were introduced to study the change in size, shape, and morphology of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques. The nanoparticles had shown specific surface Plasmon resonance band with absorbance between 380 and 385 nm. The X-ray diffraction study revealed that the nanoparticles are composed of spherical cubic crystals with average size between 136 and 180 nm while Dynamic Laser scattering (DLS) studies revealed an effective diameter of 82 nm and polydispersity index of 0.005. Thermogravimetric analysis suggested that the particles are stable even at 600 °C. All the samples presented good antibacterial and antifungal efficacies against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans and good catalytic activities for the degradation of fast green and Allura red dyes. Further, thin edible films of the nanoparticles were prepared using sodium alginate for food preservation. The films were coated on fruits and vegetables for extending their shelf life to cope with demand and supply gap.
A General Framework for Inferring Bayesian Ideal Observer Models from Psychophysical Data
Authors: Manning Tyler S. , Naecker Benjamin N. , McLean Iona R. , Rokers Bas , Pillow Jonathan W. , Cooper Emily A.
Published: October 2022

A central question in neuroscience is how sensory inputs are transformed into percepts. At this point, it is clear that this process is strongly influenced by prior knowledge of the sensory environment. Bayesian ideal observer models provide a useful link between data and theory that can help researchers evaluate how prior knowledge is represented and integrated with incoming sensory information. However, the statistical prior employed by a Bayesian observer cannot be measured directly, and must instead be inferred from behavioral measurements. Here, we review the general problem of inferring priors from psychophysical data, and the simple solution that follows from assuming a prior that is a Gaussian probability distribution. As our understanding of sensory processing advances, however, there is an increasing need for methods to flexibly recover the shape of Bayesian priors that are not well approximated by elementary functions. To address this issue, we describe a novel approach that applies to arbitrary prior shapes, which we parameterize using mixtures of Gaussian distributions. After incorporating a simple approximation, this method produces an analytical solution for psychophysical quantities that can be numerically optimized to recover the shapes of Bayesian priors. This approach offers advantages in flexibility, while still providing an analytical framework for many scenarios. We provide a MATLAB toolbox implementing key computations described herein.
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure Dysregulates Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis Afferents in the Basolateral Amygdala
Authors: Sizer Sarah E. , Price Michaela E. , Parrish Brian C. , Barth Samuel H. , Heaney Chelcie F. , Raab-Graham Kimberly F. , McCool Brian A.
Published: October 2022

Nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) cholinergic projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) regulate the acquisition and consolidation of fear-like and anxiety-like behaviors. However, it is unclear whether the alterations in the NBM-BLA circuit promote negative affect during ethanol withdrawal (WD). Therefore, we performedex vivowhole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in both the NBM and the BLA of male Sprague Dawley rats following 10 d of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure and 24 h of WD. We found that CIE exposure and withdrawal enhanced the neuronal excitability of NBM putative “cholinergic” neurons. We subsequently used optogenetics to directly manipulate NBM terminal activity within the BLA and measure cholinergic modulation of glutamatergic afferents and BLA pyramidal neurons. Our findings indicate that CIE and withdrawal upregulate NBM cholinergic facilitation of glutamate release via activation of presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Ethanol withdrawal-induced increases in NBM terminal activity also enhance BLA pyramidal neuron firing. Collectively, our results provide a novel characterization of the NBM-BLA circuit and suggest that CIE-dependent modifications to NBM afferents enhance BLA pyramidal neuron activity during ethanol withdrawal.
Nociceptive Stimuli Activate the Hypothalamus–Habenula Circuit to Inhibit the Mesolimbic Reward System and Cocaine-Seeking Behaviors
Authors: Lee Soo Min , Jang Han Byeol , Fan Yu , Lee Bong Hyo , Kim Sang Chan , Bills Kyle B. , Steffensen Scott C. , Kim Hee Young
Published: October 2022

Nociceptive signals interact with various regions of the brain, including those involved in physical sensation, reward, cognition, and emotion. Emerging evidence points to a role of nociception in the modulation of the mesolimbic reward system. The mechanism by which nociception affects dopamine (DA) signaling and reward is unclear. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the lateral habenula (LHb) receive somatosensory inputs and are structurally connected with the mesolimbic DA system. Here, we show that the LH–LHb pathway is necessary for nociceptive modulation of this system using male Sprague Dawley rats. Our extracellular single-unit recordings and head-mounted microendoscopic calcium imaging revealed that nociceptive stimulation by tail pinch excited LHb and LH neurons, which was inhibited by chemical lesion of the LH. Tail pinch increased activity of GABA neurons in ventral tegmental area, decreased the extracellular DA level in the nucleus accumbens ventrolateral shell in intact rats, and reduced cocaine-increased DA concentration, which was blocked by disruption of the LH. Furthermore, tail pinch attenuated cocaine-induced locomotor activity, 22 and 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations, and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, which was inhibited by chemogenetic silencing of the LH–LHb pathway. Our findings suggest that nociceptive stimulation recruits the LH–LHb pathway to inhibit mesolimbic DA system and drug reinstatement.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe LHb and the LH have been implicated in processing nociceptive signals and modulating DA release in the mesolimbic DA system. Here, we show that the LH–LHb pathway is critical for nociception-induced modulation of mesolimbic DA release and cocaine reinstatement. Nociceptive stimulation alleviates extracellular DA release in the mesolimbic DA system, cocaine-induced psychomotor activities, and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviors through the LH–LHb pathway. These findings provide novel evidence for sensory modulation of the mesolimbic DA system and drug addiction.
Updating Contextual Sensory Expectations for Adaptive Behavior
Authors: Ferrari Ambra , Richter David , de Lange Floris P.
Published: October 2022

The brain has the extraordinary capacity to construct predictive models of the environment by internalizing statistical regularities in the sensory inputs. The resulting sensory expectations shape how we perceive and react to the world; at the neural level, this relates to decreased neural responses to expected than unexpected stimuli (“expectation suppression”). Crucially, expectations may need revision as context changes. However, existing research has often neglected this issue. Further, it is unclear whether contextual revisions apply selectively to expectations relevant to the task at hand, hence serving adaptive behavior. The present fMRI study examined how contextual visual expectations spread throughout the cortical hierarchy as we update our beliefs. We created a volatile environment: two alternating contexts contained different sequences of object images, thereby producing context-dependent expectations that needed revision when the context changed. Human participants of both sexes attended a training session before scanning to learn the contextual sequences. The fMRI experiment then tested for the emergence of contextual expectation suppression in two separate tasks, respectively, with task-relevant and task-irrelevant expectations. Effects of contextual expectation emerged progressively across the cortical hierarchy as participants attuned themselves to the context: expectation suppression appeared first in the insula, inferior frontal gyrus, and posterior parietal cortex, followed by the ventral visual stream, up to early visual cortex. This applied selectively to task-relevant expectations. Together, the present results suggest that an insular and frontoparietal executive control network may guide the flexible deployment of contextual sensory expectations for adaptive behavior in our complex and dynamic world.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe world is structured by statistical regularities, which we use to predict the future. This is often accompanied by suppressed neural responses to expected compared with unexpected events (“expectation suppression”). Crucially, the world is also highly volatile and context-dependent: expected events may become unexpected when the context changes, thus raising the crucial need for belief updating. However, this issue has generally been neglected. By setting up a volatile environment, we show that expectation suppression emerges first in executive control regions, followed by relevant sensory areas, only when observers use their expectations to optimize behavior. This provides surprising yet clear evidence on how the brain controls the updating of sensory expectations for adaptive behavior in our ever-changing world.
Tasting Water at Canal Convergence 2021
Authors: Spackman Christy , Manheim Marisa , Barua Shomit
Published: October 2022

Consumer hesitancy around using wastewater as a drinking water source has proved a stumbling block for water reuse projects. When water professionals technologically clean up wastewater, they begin the process of making it “forget” its previous interactions with humans. Current educational and communication approaches used by water utilities, however, “forget” to engage the sociality of tasting. To activate consumers’ sensory experiences—the thing most often seen as getting in the way adoption of water reuse projects—and to investigate how tasting can help bring to remembrance the other things communities value about water, we developed a multi-modal art–science public engagement exhibit, Tasting Water. First exhibited at Scottsdale’s 2021 Canal Convergence festival and again at the 2022 AZ Water Conference, Tasting Water engaged the public and water professionals in an open-ended invitation to rethink the way they use taste within a larger series of remembering practices in evaluating their water.
Subcellular location of source proteins improves prediction of neoantigens for immunotherapy
Authors: Castro Andrea , Kaabinejadian Saghar , Yari Hooman , Hildebrand William , Zanetti Maurizio , Carter Hannah
Published: October 2022

Antigen presentation via the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is essential for anti‐tumor immunity. However, the rules that determine which tumor‐derived peptides will be immunogenic are still incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether constraints on peptide accessibility to the MHC due to protein subcellular location are associated with peptide immunogenicity potential. Analyzing over 380,000 peptides from studies of MHC presentation and peptide immunogenicity, we find clear spatial biases in both eluted and immunogenic peptides. We find that including parent protein location improves the prediction of peptide immunogenicity in multiple datasets. In human immunotherapy cohorts, the location was associated with a neoantigen vaccination response, and immune checkpoint blockade responders generally had a higher burden of neopeptides from accessible locations. We conclude that protein subcellular location adds important information for optimizing cancer immunotherapies.
Challenges for science and society in an era of rapid environmental change – a role for the NSIS?
Authors: Wells Peter G.
Published: October 2022

N/A
The Similarities of Traditional Japanese and Indonesian Children's Games from the Point of View of Japanese Language Education Study Program Students
Authors: Sasanti Nise Samudra
Published: October 2022

This research aims: 1) To describe Japanese and Indonesian Traditional Children's Games from the point of view of students of the Japanese Language Education Study Program; 2) To learn the extent of understanding or knowledge students have about traditional games for Japanese and Indonesian children. The research method is an open and closed online questionnaire with first-semester student respondents from the 2020/2021 class of the Japanese Language Education Study Program of Universitas Negeri Surabaya. The results showed that the majority of students, as many as stated that they knew traditional children's games, both Japanese and Indonesian, well. Meanwhile, traditional children's games, both Japanese and Indonesian, include similarities in shape, materials, how to play the games, and similarities in benefits. The difference lies in form as well as the primary material.
Optimalisasi Bantuan Hukum Demi Terwujudnya Keadilan bagi Rakyat Miskin (Studi Kasus Hak Terdakwa Yang Tidak Mampu dari Segi Ekonomi untuk Memperoleh Bantuan Hukum Terhadap Kejahatan yang Dilakukannya dalam Proses Peradilan Pidana)
Authors: Kurniawan Fadli Nur Wana
Published: October 2022

The provision of legal aid is one way to achieve justice for the poor that is given by the state as mandated by the constitution. Several regulations regarding legal aid have been issued by the state through laws. However, the facts in society are that the regulations made have not been effectively implemented so that the meaning of justice is biased. The ineffective implementation in providing legal aid in Indonesia is an interesting legal issue to be studied more deeply in order to find out the main problems that cause the ineffectiveness of providing legal aid in Indonesia which will later look for solutions from ideas that become formulations as optimization of legal aid provision in Indonesia. In criminal cases, in order to ensure the fulfillment of the rights of the accused, legal aid can take on the role of a guard to protect the fulfillment of the rights of the accused to avoid arbitrary treatment from irresponsible officers in the criminal justice process. Free legal aid can also be enjoyed by the defendants who cannot afford it. Legal assistance by advocates aims to avoid harming the sense of justice for the accused, and to protect the principle of justice for all regardless of race, skin color, religion, culture, socio-economic, rich/poor, belief, politics, gender, and ideology background.
Illegal Immigrants Between Indonesia Australia: How the Law and Policy Solving the Problems?
Authors: Wicaksono Dava Irfani
Published: October 2022

In the recent years, cases of illegal immigrants from Indonesia to Australia have been escalated, so Australia itself created a rule that functioned for those dark or illegal immigrants were unable to enter the Territory Australia. The rules are the policy of the rule of the country and the third policy and whether Indonesia itself is a sovereign state that has had an excellent policy in resolving cases of illegal or ilelal immigrants within its territory Own. With the methodology of the juridical approach of Normative, using primary and secondary data, studying and evaluating several principles and legal norms relating to the sovereignty of the State and illegal immigrants obtained from libraries and regulations Then in a qualitative descriptive analysis to derive conclusions. In Indonesia's policy must have been regulated through LAW No. 6 of 2011 on immigration, which is where there is a solution in the case of dark immigrants. But this is still not effective in handling the issue of illegal immigrants and is a partial where it still makes illegal immigrants or illegally victims of casualties and the absence of sanctions and deterrent effects against them. Indonesia should make the national sovereignty principle a guideline for making regulatory policies regarding illegal immigrants.
Political Crisis and The Politics of Religious Divisiveness in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
Authors: Oyetunbi Oluwaseyi , Akinrinde Olawale Olufemi
Published: October 2022

The relationship that exists between politics and religion cannot be over-emphasized in Nigeria polity since the evolution of a sustainable democracy which has heightened the relevance of religion in our society. Religion has been identified as one of the factors that have divided the people of Nigeria who are divided already by many phenomena that are of nature. The diversities engineered by cultures, customs, traditions and values are not as potent as religion in dividing the people, ensuing conflict, creating a paradise for favoritism, generating riot and insurgence. Religious leaders have become force to reckon with in the country, many of them become politicians out of the blues because of their influence on the mindset of their members to decide as regard electioneering activities. However, politics needs to be guided by religion ideally, evidently most policies fabricated, go in line with dogmas of either Christianity or Islam before other indexes may follow.  People are better divided by religion.   This paper focuses on examining the influence of religion on politics in Nigeria’s fourth republic using the Boko-haram insurgence as the major yardstick to establishing the impacts of religion on the divisive Nigeria.
The Dark Side of Cultural Heritage Protection
Authors: Alamsyah Hendra Wahyu , Nugraheni Prasasti Dyah , Prabowo Muhammad Shidqon , Andriani Eva
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACTThis article introduces the concept of the dark side of cultural heritage protection. The existence of strict legal protection with burdensome sanctions is expected to provide a sense of security for a country to protect its cultural heritage from threats from other countries or communities. However, it is an unavoidable fact that the efforts of a country that wants to protect its culture lead to conflict and the threat of war between countries. This article shows how many and most of the excessive efforts of an organization to protect cultural heritage from the dangers of war and conflict contribute and have the potential to make cultural heritage vulnerable or even lead to its destruction. The more we talk about cultural heritage and the values it contains and the importance of protecting it, the more attractive it becomes for some groups, organizations, and even countries to target it because it has extraordinary cultural values. For some, efforts to protect and save cultural heritage have been considered as part of the war against terrorism. They destroy a cultural heritage on purpose to kill profitable tourism. This causes the owner community to lose their rights and even leads to revenge until a war occurs between communities, organizations, or countries. Art and culture have moved to the forefront of war, both as additional damage and direct targets for belligerents who use cultural destruction as a means to encourage more violence, hatred, and revenge. This article argues that states, international organizations, and cultural heritage communities need to recognize these negative side effects and make sure to consider them in future action. Keywords: Conflict; Cultural Heritage; The Dark Side; Legal Protection
The Function of Commissioner Based on the Principles of Good Corporate Governance
Authors: Johan Suwinto
Published: October 2022

The organs and functions of a limited liability company are controlled by Company Law No. 40 of 2007 Governing Limited Liability Companies (UU PT). The tasks of executing and supervising have been distinguished. The board of directors is in charge of the company's day-to-day operations, while the board of commissioners oversees the board of directors. In reality, however, the board of commissioners participates in the board of director activities or performs board of director tasks. This study aims to analyze the functions of commissioners and how they should be carried out in compliance with the laws and regulations governing corporate governance. Primary, secondary, and additional data are used in this study. The study found that the board of commissioners' role should be based on the Limited Liability Company Act. The board of commissioners serves as the board of directors' supervisor. Because shareholders also serve on the board of commissioners, the board of commissioners is involved in the operation of the board of directors. The Board of Commissioners' involvement in the Board of Directors' activities must be severely limited by the Board of Directors. If it turns out that the commissioners' activities are detrimental to the shareholders, the Board of Directors can bring this to a general meeting of shareholders and hold them accountable.
Ungoverned Spaces and Alternative Sovereignties in Nigeria: Terror Groups, National Security and Sustainable Development
Authors: Sackflame Mary Magdalene , Omitola Bolaji
Published: October 2022

Nigeria is currently battling with threats that are potent enough to undermine its existence as a sovereign polity. These terrors are coming mostly from groups occupying and controlling diverse ungoverned spaces that littered the country’s landscape. From Boko Haram insurgents, Bandits, herdsmen to ethnic militias; these groups are becoming laws unto themselves and creating spheres of influence and jurisdictions due to government and state apparatus absence. This article examines the conditions that created ungoverned spaces, the activities of diverse groups inhabiting them and the implications on national security and sustainable development. The article adopts qualitative method and relies on secondary data sourced from newspapers, government documents, internet resources and extant scholarly works. The article findings reveal that achievement of the sustainable development goals 1-No Poverty, 2- Zero Hunger, 3-Good Health and Well-being, 4-Quality Education, 6-Clean Water and Sanitation, 8- The interrelatedness of the Sustainable Development Goals and 16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institution are seriously hindered as far as the atmosphere and conditions for peaceful co-existence becomes elusive as various groups continue to contest sovereignty with the Nigerian state. Conclusively therefore, it is recommended that a sustainable national security strategy to ensure peace and reduce conflicts through government presence in the various ungoverned spaces must be pursued.
Analysis of the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment: Solutions to the Indonesia Economy during The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Baiquni Muhammad Iqbal , Khairunissa Vena Lidya
Published: October 2022

Foreign investment is one of the crucial instruments for a country in promoting economic growth for the sake of creating public welfare. Indonesia as a country with abundant economic potential, requires foreign investors to solve problems, especially related to sustainable development and suppress the high unemployment rate. Legal reform in increasing the realization of foreign investment entering Indonesia is realized through the Omnibus Law in the Job Creation Act to create a good and healthy investment climate. The presence of Covid-19 has caused the country's economy to experience a significant decline. The presence of the Job Creation Act in accelerating foreign investment into Indonesia is expected to encourage the strengthening of the national economy after the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there are problems in its implementation caused by the guarantee of legal certainty in running business activities and overlapping regulations in business licensing. The research method used is normative legal research. This study uses the Statute approach. The technique of tracing legal materials uses library research techniques, and analysis of studies using qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Government has made maximum efforts by issuing various regulations or policies to revive the investment climate in Indonesia so that the country's economic growth can increase, and is able to provide legal certainty in doing business in Indonesia.
Cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in primary aldosteronism after adrenalectomy or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Sheng-Yin , Chen Jui-Yi , Huang Wei-Chieh , Puar Troy Hai Kiat , Chin Kek Peng , Chueh Jeff S , Lin Yen-Hung , Wu Vin-Cent ,   TAIPAI Study Group
Published: October 2022

Background

In patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), long-term cardiovascular and mortality outcomes after adrenalectomy vs mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) have not been compared yet. We aim to compare the clinical outcomes of these patients after treatment.

Design and Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, and Embase from no start date restriction to 18 December 2021. Our composite primary outcomes were long-term all-cause mortality and/or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure. We adopted the random-effects model and performed subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and trial sequential analysis (TSA).

Results

A total of 9 studies with 8473 adult patients with PA (≥18 years) were enrolled. A lower incidence of composite primary outcomes was observed in the adrenalectomy group (odds ratio (OR): 0.46 (95% CI: 0.38–0.56), P < 0.001). We found a lower incidence of all-cause mortality (OR: 0.33 (95% CI: 0.15–0.73), P = 0.006) and MACE (OR: 0.55, (95% CI: 0.40–0.74), P = 0.0001) in the adrenalectomy group. The incidence of CAD (OR: 0.33 (95% CI: 0.15–0.75), P = 0.008), arrhythmias (OR: 0.46 (95% CI: 0.27–0.81), P = 0.007), and congestive heart failure (OR: 0.52 (95% CI: 0.33–0.81), P = 0.004) was also lower in adrenalectomy group. The metaregression showed patient's age may attenuate the benefits of adrenalectomy on composite primary outcomes (coefficient: 1.084 (95% CI: 1.005–1.169), P = 0.036). TSA demonstrated that the accrued sample size and effect size were sufficiently large to draw a solid conclusion, and the advantage of adrenalectomy over MRA was constant with the chronological sequence.

Conclusions

In conclusion, adrenalectomy could be preferred over MRA for patients with PA in reducing the risk of all-cause mortality and/or MACE and should be considered as the treatment of choice. That patients with PA could get less benefit from adrenalectomy as they age warrants further investigation.
DXA-derived advanced hip analysis and the trabecular bone score in end-stage kidney disease secondary to type 1 diabetes
Authors: Aleksova Jasna , Ebeling Peter R , Milat Frances , Elder Grahame J
Published: October 2022

Objective

Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) caused by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have a heightened fracture risk. Bone mineral density (BMD) may predict fracture less accurately in ESKD than in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1–3b or the general population. Alternate, readily available imaging modalities are needed to improve ESKD fracture risk assessment. This study aimed to assess dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived BMD, the trabecular bone score (TBS) and advanced hip analysis parameters in patients with ESKD due to T1DM and to compare their results with those of patients with ESKD from other causes.

Methods

We compared the DXA-derived TBS, hip cortical thickness (CT) and femoral neck (FN) buckling ratio (BR), an index of FN stability, of patients with T1DM and ESKD undergoing simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation, patients with ESKD from other causes receiving kidney transplants and population reference ranges.

Results

Of 227 patients with ESKD, 28% had T1DM and 65% were male. Compared with other ESKD patients, patients with T1DM were younger (42 ± 7.7 vs 51 ± 13.8 years), had shorter dialysis duration (24.4 ± 21 vs 42.6 ± 40 months), had higher HbA1c (7.9 ± 1.57% vs 5.4 ± 0.95%) and had lower BMI (25 ± 6 vs 27 ± 5 kg/m2). They had lower spine, hip and UD radius BMD Z-scores (all P ≤ 0.001), TBS (1.33 ± 0.12 vs 1.36 ± 0.12; P = 0.05), CT at the FN (P = 0.03), calcar (P = 0.006) and shaft (P < 0.001) and higher BR (10.1±7.1 vs 7.7±4; P = 0.006). All ESKD parameters were lower than population-based reference ranges (P <  0.001). Adjusting for age, sex, dialysis vintage and weight, prevalent vertebral fractures in patients with T1DM and ESKD were associated with higher BR (odds ratio (OR): 3.27 (95% CI: 1.19–8.92), P = 0.002) and lower FN CT (OR: 3.70 (95% CI: 1.13–12.50)).

Conclusion

Patients with ESKD and T1DM have reduced TBS, reduced CT and increased BR compared with other ESKD patients. Prospective study of these parameters is warranted to determine their utility in fracture risk prediction and management.

Significance statement

Patients with ESKD and T1DM have an elevated fracture risk due to decreased bone strength. As an adjunct to BMD, evaluating dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry parameters that incorporate structural change may have greater value in patients with ESKD and T1DM than in the general population. In this study, patients with ESKD due to T1DM had lower BMD, lower trabecular bone scores, more severe loss of CT and higher BR than other patients with ESKD and people from the general population. Both lower CT and higher BR were associated with prevalent vertebral fractures in patients with T1DM and ESKD. Changes to these parameters should be evaluated for incident fracture prediction.
Real-life clinical impact of a five-tiered classification of pituitary tumors
Authors: Sahakian Nicolas , Appay Romain , Resseguier Noémie , Graillon Thomas , Piazzola Cécilia , Laure Cécilia , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Régis Jean , Castinetti Frédéric , Brue Thierry , Dufour Henry , Cuny Thomas
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Usually benign, pituitary tumors (PT) can be invasive and aggressive with a propensity to progress and/or recur. Trouillas's clinicopathological classification attempts to predict the evolutionary risk of a PT. In this study, we assessed the prognostic value of this classification in an independent patient cohort and analyzed its impact on treatment strategies.

Patients and methods

In this study, 607 patients operated on between 2008 and 2018 for a PT were included. Grading was established based on invasion, proliferative activity (Ki-67, mitotic index) and p53 positivity. The therapeutic management following surgery was analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS) of the graded tumors was estimated (Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test) and a multivariate analysis was performed (Cox regression model).

Results

Grading identified non-invasive PT without (grade 1a: 303 cases) or with proliferative activity (grade 1b: 53 cases) and invasive PT without (grade 2a: 202 cases) or with proliferative activity (grade 2b: 49 cases). The mean follow-up was 47 ± 30 months (median: 38 months). Progression/recurrence occurred in 127 cases. Grades were significant and independent predictors of PFS (P < 0.001) with a 4.8-fold higher risk of progression/recurrence in grade 2b as compared to grade 1a. As second-line therapy, gamma knife or conventional radiotherapy controlled tumor growth in 91.6 and 100% of cases, respectively, irrespective of the grade. Proliferative tumors exposed the patient to a 9.5-fold higher risk of having ≥3 adjuvant therapeutic lines as compared to non-proliferative tumors.

Discussion

Grading of a PT according to Trouillas's classification predicts its risk of progression and should advocate for a personalized therapeutic approach in invasive and proliferative tumors.

Significance statement

This is the first study to assess, on a cohort of 607 well-characterized patients, the real-life therapeutic impact of the five-tiered clinicopathological classification of pituitary tumors. First, we validate that pituitary tumor grades predict the evolutionary risk of the tumor, with a significant higher risk of progression/recurrence in invasive and/or proliferative tumors (mean follow-up: 47 ± 30 months, median: 38 months). Moreover, our study provides evidence that patients with proliferative tumors have a higher risk to be retreated after primary surgery and point toward the fact that radiotherapy can successfully control tumor growth in case of progression or recurrence. Our findings advocate for a personalized therapeutic approach in clinically aggressive pituitary tumors.
La convergencia de aprendizajes en el metaverso
Authors: Aparicio Gómez Oscar Yecid , Ostos Ortiz Olga Lucía , Mesa Angulo José Gabriel
Published: October 2022

La irrupción del metaverso en la sociedad de la información y del conocimiento ha traído consigo una nueva manera de relacionarse y de aprender. La presencia del metaverso en la vida cotidiana también está proporcionando una nueva visión de la tecnología educativa. Las nuevas maneras de aprender han trascendido cualitativamente el entorno académico y un nuevo entorno que se encuentra en permanente construcción social, aunque está ad portas de ser una construcción individual, a la medida de cada persona. La tecnología educativa formal e informal proporciona nuevas oportunidades y contextos de formación para los estudiantes, desbordando el mundo habitual y enfocándose en otros mundos desde nuevas percepciones, todas ellas mediadas por tecnología. En este artículo se toman en consideración los aspectos relativos al metaverso y sus implicaciones en los procesos de aprendizaje.