bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historical perspective on the word gospoda as a form of address
Authors: Somin A.A. , Gridneva E.M.
Published: November 2020

Using the method of corpus analysis, this article explores the history of the Russian hon­orific gospoda and related forms of address: damy i gospoda, gospoda-tovarischi, and other noun-noun and adjective-noun collocations (gospoda publika uvažaemye gospoda). It draws on examples from literature to demonstrate that although, contrary to popular belief, the honorific damy i gospoda is not a neologism of the end of the 20th century, it was mar­ginal to pre-revolutionary speech. It is also shown that, albeit rarely, the word gospoda was used before the Russian Revolution to address a mixed company. Abandoned after the Revolu­tion, the honorific underwent a revival in the second half of the 20th century when it was used more often to address a mixed company than it had been in tsarist times. Probably, this was accounted for by extra-linguistic factors. Special attention is given to the use of the honorific gospoda in periods of transition: at the beginning and end of the Soviet era and after the collapse of the USSR.
History of the words starina and starik as terms of friendship in Russian
Authors: Fufaeva I.V.
Published: November 2020

This article explores when and under what circumstances the words starik and starina emerged as terms of friendship in standard Russian language. These terms were often used by male characters in the prose of the Khrushchev Thaw — students, scientists, and engineers. It was initially assumed that these words had become forms of address at that time. Analysis of data from the Russian National Corpus shows that these terms of friendship date back earlier than that. Starik was used to address a male friend in the 19th century and starina in the 1920s—30s. Decades apart, the two words started to function as terms of friendship in a very similar way. Both were used at first to address an elderly stranger. At some point, they turned into means of language play and speech stylisation to finally lose their connection to folk speech and the semantics of age. The first one to complete the transformation was the word starina. As to starik, it apparently began to be used as a term of friendship in lan­guages of groups.
Frequency characteristics of in cylinder pressure of a gasoline engine
Authors: Narayan Sunny , Gupta Vipul
Published: November 2020

This presented work analysis of effects of changes in various injection parameters on development of combustion pressure development and noise emissions from engines. Scope of using non-intrusive diagnosis technique has been analyzed by using changing various locations of microphone around the engine. In particular the noise emissions from engines were found to be dependent on quantity of fuel injected inside cylinder. Various characteristic frequency ranges of contributing sources have been identified. Time-Frequency analysis has shown onset of various events associated with working of engine. Based on the identification of various frequency bands, it is possible to device suitable filters in order to extract more information about combustion and motion based noise which is done in later part of this work. It may be used as an effective tool for condition monitoring of engines in order to gain fuel economy. Suitable structural modifications of engine may be also done in order to improve its performance on various noise and vibration benchmarks.
Proposed models to calculate and optimise line capacity under different operation conditions for Egyptian railway network
Authors: Rahoma Diana , Heikal Ali , Haytham N. , Kotb Akram
Published: November 2020

The capacity evaluation models are planning tools that help government agencies to maximize the benefit from existing railway infrastructure and improve rail transportation operations. These models determine the maximum number of trains that could operate on a given railway infrastructure, during a specific time interval under operational conditions. This paper develops analytical models to calculate the railway line capacity using a regression analysis based on the Egyptian official timetable. The Egyptian railway network consists of 104 links under different operation conditions (passenger / freight, passenger and freight trains) with mechanical or electrical signals systems running on single or double tracks. To calculate railway practical capacity, the three equations for each operation conditions were improved by the combination of the longest block section and passenger and freight speed. These equations have accepted value of the coefficient of determination and the absolute average error. Finally the maximum capacity is obtained by the optimum values of effective factors using iteration technique. This optimum values will increased about 80% of the capacity for Egyptian network lines.
Espreitando a emergência da Modelagem Matemática na Educação Matemática
Authors: Magnus Maria Carolina Machado , Caldeira Ademir Donizeti
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar quais foram as condições de possibilidade para que o discurso da Modelagem Matemática emergisse na Educação Matemática brasileira. Para isso, lançou-se mão de aportes teórico-metodológicos vinculados às teorizações do filósofo Michel Foucault. O material analítico abrange teses e dissertações defendidas no Brasil no período entre os anos de 1976 e 1999, as quais tematizaram a Modelagem Matemática na Educação Matemática. A análise desses estudos evidenciou que a emergência do discurso da Modelagem ocorre em meio a uma crise no ensino de Matemática. Essa crise foi problematizada, no presente artigo, a partir do seguinte enunciado: “Os alunos têm dificuldade na aprendizagem da Matemática”. A dificuldade na aprendizagem de Matemática é justificada pelo argumento de que os alunos não teriam base, uma vez que não aprenderam os conteúdos ensinados nos anos anteriores. Tal asserção evidencia as noções de norma, ordem, sequência e hierarquia dos conteúdos matemáticos. Sendo assim, a emergência do discurso da Modelagem operaria um deslocamento na maquinaria curricular. Ou seja, as práticas seriam guiadas pela contingência, pelo caos em detrimento da ordem, da hierarquia, da sequência e da norma. Porém, ela não criaria fissuras ou trincas no discurso curricular; pelo contrário, legitimaria a busca por táticas efetivas que incidam positivamente no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Desta forma, a Modelagem funcionaria como uma engrenagem na busca pelo melhor funcionamento daquilo que está posto em termos de Educação Matemática no país.
avaliações externas, escolas, professores de matemática, máquinas de guerra, aparelhos de estado,
Authors: Viola dos Santos João Ricardo , Santos Edivagner Souza
Published: November 2020

Nesta produção inventiva multiplicamos efeitos de avaliações externas em espaços escolares. Nesse movimento, nossas produções flertam em diálogos com alguns escritos de Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari, com outros pesquisadores que se inventam em conceitos destes pensadores, com entrevistas com professores de matemática de escolas públicas do Ensino Fundamental. Nessa produção inventiva somos produzidos por afetos que atravessam uma estratégia neoliberal que se esforça em produzir a escola como uma mercadoria em detrimento à uma escola como direito. Efeitos de avaliações externas são produzidos em pressões e vigilâncias operados nas escolas, em privilégios e supremacia de uma disciplina em função de outra, em situações de adoecimentos de professores, em promessas de melhoria e qualidade da educação, em alunos como números, em...
Los cuentos populares o la tentativa de un texto infinito
Authors: Rodríguez Almodóvar Antonio
Published: November 2020

Nada de lo que ocurre en un cuento popular es gratuito o superfluo. Contra lo que pueda parecer, todo en él tiene un sentido, más o menos oculto, más o menos evolucionado a partir de antiguas creencias, ritos, costumbres, a través de los cuales la humanidad se ha forjado a sí misma, dejando en la tradición oral el testimonio de un camino quizás demasiado largo para lo poco que lo estimamos. Hábilmente engarzados en esos relatos, tan simbólicos que ya ni siquiera lo parecen, llegan hasta hoy multitud de mensajes cifrados. Algunos desde ese fondo de los tiempos que venimos llamando la Proto-Historia. Otros, desde el fondo de nosotros mismos; lo cual, bien mirado, no es sino una variante de lo anterior. En todo caso, lo único que en realidad puede hacerse con los cuentos populares es intentar descifrarlos.
STRUCTURAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF Pt1-xCux/Co MULTILAYERS
Authors: MA PING-PING  , ZHENG WU  , WANG AI-LING  , WANG YIN-JUN  , HAN BAO-SHAN
Published: November 2020

The structural and magnetic properties of Pt1-xCux/Co multilayers have been investigated. Increasing the concentration of Cu in the Pt spacer layers results in monotonic decrease of the anisotropy and remanence, in a range of x from 0.04—0.30 except in a special range of 0.10—0.15. The reduction of these parameters is related to the growth of random anisotropy because a random distribution of Cu atoms in the Pt spacer layers causes a local distortion of crystal symmetry of Pt. In the special range, an order CuPt phase may appear. In such a case cobalt atoms are affected by a symmetric crystal field like that produced by Pt. These may be the possible explanation of the measured parameters after the doping of Cu in the Pt spacerlayers.
QUANTUM -DEFORMED WN ALGEBRA AND ITS SCREENING CURRENT ALGEBRA
Authors: YANG WEN-LI  , HOU  BO-YU  ,   西北大学现代物理研究所，西安  710069
Published: November 2020

The quantum theory of -deformed WN algebra is constructed.The corresponding quantum -deformed Miura transformation is given.We also study the algebra of the screening currents of quantum -deformed WN algebra.
CAVITY FIELD SPECTRA OF THE TWO-ATOM TWO-PHOTON JAYNES-CUMMINGS MODEL
Authors: GAO YUN-FENG  , FENG JIAN  , SONG TONG-QIANG  ,   (1)聊城师范学院教育工程系，聊城  252059; (2)聊城师范学院通信工程系，聊城  252059
Published: November 2020

The cavity field spectra for a pair of coupled two-level atoms with single mode of the radiation in an ideal cavity via two-photon resonant transition processes are investigated.The results for the initial fields in pure number state,coherent state or squ
HEAVY PARTICLE TRANSPORT PROCESS IN CATHODE SHEATH OF NITROGEN GLOW DISCHARGE
Authors: YU WEI  , ZHANG LIAN-ZHU  , LI XIAO-WEI  , HAN LI  , CHEN YAN-MEI  , FU GUANG-SHENG  ,   河北大学物理系，保定  071002
Published: November 2020

The ions(N2+,N+) and fast nitrogen molecular (N2f) transport process in cathode sheath of nitrogen glow discharge plasma is studied by using Monte Carlo simulation. Spatial variation of energy distribution and a
PREPARATION OF Tb3+-ION-DOPED Si-BASED LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS WITH SOL-GEL METHOD
Authors: XIE DA-TAO  , WU JIN-GUANG  , MA GANG  , YAN WEN-FEI  , ZHOU WEI-JIN  , XU GUANG-XIAN  , XU DUAN-FU  , TAO JING  , QIN GUO-GANG  ,   (1)北京大学物理系，北京  100871; (2)北京大学稀土材料化学及应用国家重点实验室，北京  100871; (3)中国科学院化学研究所，北京  100080
Published: November 2020

By sol-gel process and appropriate heat treatment,Tb3+-doped light-emitting films were prepared on the silicon bases.The structural changes of the xerogels and the fluorescence properties of the Tb3+ ions doped were studied by photol
ATOM LITHOGRAPHY
Authors: CAI WEI-QUAN  , LI CHUAN-WEN  , HUO YUN-SHENG  , WANG YU-ZHU  ,   中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所量子光学开放研究实验室，上海  201800
Published: November 2020

A new nanometer lithographic techniqueatom lithography,which is developed based on the principles of laser cooling and trapping of neutral atomsthe newest achievements of quantum optics,has been reviewed.The working principles,the overall schemes,the individual techniques and the acquired results are described.This new method has been compared with the existing micro-lithographic techniques,and the application potentialities in the micro-electronics and other fields have been discussed.
A machine learning framework for the prediction of chromatin folding inDrosophilausing epigenetic features
Authors: Rozenwald Michal B. , Galitsyna Aleksandra A. , Sapunov Grigory V. , Khrameeva Ekaterina E. , Gelfand Mikhail S.
Published: November 2020

Technological advances have lead to the creation of large epigenetic datasets, including information about DNA binding proteins and DNA spatial structure. Hi-C experiments have revealed that chromosomes are subdivided into sets of self-interacting domains called Topologically Associating Domains (TADs). TADs are involved in the regulation of gene expression activity, but the mechanisms of their formation are not yet fully understood. Here, we focus on machine learning methods to characterize DNA folding patterns inDrosophilabased on chromatin marks across three cell lines. We present linear regression models with four types of regularization, gradient boosting, and recurrent neural networks (RNN) as tools to study chromatin folding characteristics associated with TADs given epigenetic chromatin immunoprecipitation data. The bidirectional long short-term memory RNN architecture produced the best prediction scores and identified biologically relevant features. Distribution of protein Chriz (Chromator) and histone modification H3K4me3 were selected as the most informative features for the prediction of TADs characteristics. This approach may be adapted to any similar biological dataset of chromatin features across various cell lines and species. The code for the implemented pipeline, Hi-ChiP-ML, is publicly available:https://github.com/MichalRozenwald/Hi-ChIP-ML
Big data clustering techniques based on Spark: a literature review
Authors: Saeed Mozamel M. , Al Aghbari Zaher , Alsharidah Mohammed
Published: November 2020

A popular unsupervised learning method, known as clustering, is extensively used in data mining, machine learning and pattern recognition. The procedure involves grouping of single and distinct points in a group in such a way that they are either similar to each other or dissimilar to points of other clusters. Traditional clustering methods are greatly challenged by the recent massive growth of data. Therefore, several research works proposed novel designs for clustering methods that leverage the benefits of Big Data platforms, such as Apache Spark, which is designed for fast and distributed massive data processing. However, Spark-based clustering research is still in its early days. In this systematic survey, we investigate the existing Spark-based clustering methods in terms of their support to the characteristics Big Data. Moreover, we propose a new taxonomy for the Spark-based clustering methods. To the best of our knowledge, no survey has been conducted on Spark-based clustering of Big Data. Therefore, this survey aims to present a comprehensive summary of the previous studies in the field of Big Data clustering using Apache Spark during the span of 2010–2020. This survey also highlights the new research directions in the field of clustering massive data.
The Prescribing Trends of Vitamin D Supplements and the Concurrent Use of Medicines for Chronic Conditions
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A.
Published: November 2020

Aim: This study aims to determine the prescribing patterns of vitamin D supplements in a public hospital in Al-Kharj.

Methodology: This cross-sectional drug utilization study was conducted at a public hospital in Al-Kharj that included a review of the outpatient electronic prescriptions in 2018. Therefore, inclusion criteria included the outpatient prescriptions that contain Vitamin D supplement in 2018. The data were collected using Microsoft Excel® and the descriptive data were represented as numbers and percentages.

Results: In 2018, 311 patients were prescribed Alfacalcidol. Most of the patients who received Alfacalcidol were females (76.21%), aging 40-69 (58.85%). The majority of Alfacalcidol drugs were prescribed by Internal Medicine department (56.91%). In 2018, 127 patients were received Cholecalciferol. Most of the patient were females (79.53%), in the age level between 30-39 (21.26%) followed by patients less than 10 years (18.90%). The majority of Cholecalciferol drugs were prescribed by Internal Medicine department (30.71%).

Conclusion: Vitamin D supplements were used frequently with other medicines for chronic conditions. More studies are needed to know the effect of Vitamin D supplements in the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases. Moreover, in order to use vitamin D supplements correctly, it is important to know the prescribing trends of these supplements.
Age-Related Prescribing Patterns of Antihypertensive Medications
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A. , Almalki Ziyad S.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, and stroke. Previous studies showed that prescription patterns of antihypertensive drugs varied by gender.

Aim: This is a retrospective study that was conducted to describe the difference in prescribing antihypertensive drugs according to patients’ age.

Methodology: In this study, the electronic prescriptions of hypertensive patients that were dispensed from the outpatient pharmacy of a public hospital in Alkharj were revised.

Results: Generally, older patients are using antihypertensive drugs more than younger adults and their usage pattern of antihypertensive drugs is different according to age.

Conclusion: It is important to know the age-related prescribing patterns of antihypertensive drugs and to know the efficacy and safety of these agents in different patients in order to develop an evidence-based and age-appropriate antihypertensive pharmacotherapy.
Making an Impact in Community Athletics: Teaching Sport Psychology to High School Coaches
Authors:   California Baptist University, Mauldin Kristin , Garrett Ed ,   California Baptist University
Published: November 2020

The Coaches’ Clinic was created in order to 1) serve the community by teaching concepts and techniques in sport psychology to Riverside Unified School District (RUSD) high school coaches, and 2) to provide a training opportunity for students in the Master of Science Sport and Performance Psychology (MS SPP) program at California Baptist University. The Coaches’ Clinic was formed as a result of a collaboration with RUSD and served to support RUSD’s Three C’s Initiative (Community, Character, Conditioning).Three 3-hour workshops were conducted over three different seasons to cover all of the coaches’ off seasons. These workshops were evaluated by the attending coaches. The results of these evaluations are presented followed by a discussion of the benefits of these workshops as well as areas of improvement. Finally, reflection is given to the benefit to the MS SPP graduate students and faculty.
Clanranald’s inland Uist waterway
Authors: Angus Stewart
Published: November 2020

The well-known local tradition that the lochs of South Uist and Benbecula were navigable prior to their drainage is reviewed using a combination of published sources, place-names, modern Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and aerial imagery. Reconstructions of lochs to likely pre-drainage surface levels via DTMs identified extensive navigable loch systems in western Benbecula and in four main loch basins in South Uist, one of which stretched 40% of the length of the island. Connections between the South Uist basins were also examined and it was concluded that while such past connections are theoretically possible, such evidence as is available suggests that they were not linked. Though the possibility of a continuous navigable link between Baghasdal in South Uist and the north end of Benbecula cannot be ruled out, the evidence suggests that it is unlikely to have existed, though several portages would be all that was required to establish a functional transport link from Baghasdal to Balivanich via the loch networks. The conclusions inform a fundamental knowledge gap in the medieval history of Uist that has important implications for studies of past land management, as well as the impact of future climate change.

Canmore ID 32840
Dun Ara
Authors: Petre James
Published: November 2020

This short article explores the archaeology and fragmentary history of the site known as Dun Ara, in Mishnish, north Mull, in the light of increasing evidence of a Norse presence both generally in this part of the Inner Hebrides and more specifically this area of Mull. The focus is on the harbour and its appendages but it refers as well to the associated settlement and dun – or castle – perched above to the north. It is set in the context of recent work on early harbours and landing places in the Western Isles, some of which have been demonstrated to have had a Norse presence. Consideration is given to the ramifications of the tidal cycle and to what extent, if any, isostatic change and rising sea levels may affect the ‘picture’ as it is now observed. While reflecting that the evidence for a ‘Norse’ period at Dun Ara remains circumstantial, it suggests that the absence of conclusive proof does not preclude the likelihood.

 

Canmore ID 11028

Canmore ID 22069

Canmore ID 22071
Old Kinord, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Romankiewicz Tanja , Bradley Richard , Clarke Amanda , Quartermaine Jamie , Ross Irvine , Ross Veronica , Hamilton Derek , Schulting Rick
Published: November 2020

The paper reports on research at two well-preserved Iron Age settlement sites in north-east Scotland, occupied between the 2nd century BC and 2nd century AD. At Old Kinord, trenches first excavated in 1903 were reopened, shedding new light on the chronology and structural history of a pair of stone roundhouses and two souterrains. The project extended to new surveys of this site and its neighbour at New Kinord. It investigated the character of the unusually large stone structures found there and the ways in which they were built and used. This report also considers the character of the original excavation, which was conducted by the future Lord Abercromby, a significant figure in the history of Scottish archaeology.

 

Canmore ID 17072

Canmore ID 17065

Canmore ID 33981

Canmore ID 16972

Canmore ID 17057

Canmore ID 33980
Protecting a Pict?
Authors: Forsyth Katherine
Published: November 2020

A detailed discussion of the inscription on the silver chape (NMS FC 282) discovered in 1958 as part of a large hoard of silver from the major early medieval ecclesiastical site on St Ninian’s Isle, Shetland (NGR: HU 3685 2090). Previous interpretations and a range of parallels are explored. A new interpretation of the inscription is proposed: that it contains a Pictish male personal name, Resad. This has implications for previous arguments in favour of an Anglo-Saxon origin for the metalwork. Features of the lettering previously interpreted as errors are instead argued to indicate familiarity with the type of cursive writing used on wax-tablets, rather than bookhand. It is argued that the inscription was designed and manufactured by a single literate artisan, possibly in an ecclesiastical workshop.

 

Canmore ID 587
Dr Harry Aubrey Woodruff Burl
Authors: Gibson Alex
Published: November 2020

Aubrey Burl, a name since 1976 synonymous with stone circles, passed away peacefully at his care home on 8 April, in his 94th year. He will be remembered for the remarkable contribution he made to the study of stone circles and other megalithic monuments in Britain, Ireland and northern France.
Prelims
Authors: - -
Published: November 2020

Front matter for Volume 149

Table of Contents

List of abbreviations commonly used in the Proceedings

Editorial board for the Proceedings Vol 149

Society's Council from 30 November 2018

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
The design of a new group of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Hassall Cedric H. , Kröhn Antonin , Moody Christopher J. , Anthony Thomas W.
Published: July 2002

Using X‐ray and NMR data relating to the conformation of the antihypertensive, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, and structure—activity relationships of analogues, it has been possible to postulate with the aid of computer graphics, the orientation of the three functions, the thiol, the terminal carboxyl and the carbonyl group which are involved in binding to the enzyme. Bicyclic mimetics of captopril, with related arrays of these functions, have been designed and synthesized. Compounds with the closest approximation to the array in captopril are the most active inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme, in vitro.
Identification of two discrete ribonucleoprotein particles within the monomer population of rat liver nuclear RNPs
Authors: Guialis Apostolia , Arvanitopoulou Anastasia , Patrinou-Georgoula Meropi , Sekeris Constant E.
Published: July 2002

30–50 S RNP particles (monoparticles) isolated from rate liver nuclei were submitted to electrophoresis in native 0.5% agarose gels. Two RNP fractions were thus separated, a minor one remaining closer to the top of the gel (MI) and a more abundant one migrating further into the gel (MII). SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that MII contains the major monoparticle (M
r 30 000–40 000 or ‘core’) polypeptides and higher molecular weight proteins, whereas MI contains several minor proteins of M
r >40 000. Some proteins are common to both particle classes. Urea‐acrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that HnRNA is mainly present in MII, whereas snRNA is confined to the MI particle class.
Primary sequence analysis and folding behavior of EF hands in relation to the mechanism of action of troponin C and calmodulin
Authors: Gariépy Jean , Hodges Robert S.
Published: July 2002

The primary sequence of EF hands encodes for elements of secondary structure which includes the presence of hydrophobic and charged domains in the helical regions of these sites. The hydrophobic and charged surfaces located in the N‐terminal region of EF hands offer a potential site of interaction with complimentary surfaces on target proteins. Although the binding of calcium to the EF hands of calmodulin and troponin C may lead to a local exposure of these domains, it is the tertiary structure of these proteins that probably dictates the extent to which these domains are exposed and the selectivity of these proteins for target proteins.
Identification of three high molecular mass cysteine proteinases from rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Dahlmann B. , Kuehn L. , Reinauer H.
Published: July 2002

Three cysteine proteinases were isolated from the post‐myofibrillar fraction of rat skeletal muscle. Proteinase I preferentially hydrolyzes Z‐Phe—Arg‐NMec with pH optimum at 8–9. The enzyme activity is stabilized by ATP against thermal inactivation. Proteinase II and III were not resolved by anion‐exchange chromatography, by affinity chromatography on Arginine—Sepharose or by gel filtration. Proteinase II, splitting Bz‐Val‐Gly‐Arg‐NMec optimally at pH 10–10.5, is inactivated by ATP, whereas Proteinase III, hydrolyzing Suc‐Ala‐Ala‐Phe‐NMec at pH 7–7.5 is not affected by the nucleotide. The molecular mass of proteinase I is about 750 000 and that of proteinase II and III is about 650 000, as determined by gel filtration.
Rapid purification of bovine kidney branched‐chain 2‐oxoacid dehydrogenase complex containing endogenous kinase activity
Authors: Lawson Rowena , Cook Kenneth G. , Yeaman Stephen J.
Published: July 2002

Branched‐chain 2‐oxoacid dehydrogenase complex has been purified to near homogeneity by a simple, rapid procedure. The final product contains endogenous kinase activity capable of phosphorylating and inactivating the complex. Phosphorylation continues after complete inactivation, indicating the possibility of several phosphorylatable sites.
Platelet aggregating activity of lysophosphatidic acids is not related to their calcium ionophore properties
Authors: Simon Marie-Françoise , Chap Hugues , Douste-Blazy Louis
Published: July 2002

The calcium ionophore properties of A23187 and of two lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) analogs (1‐palmitoyl‐ and 1‐hexadecyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphate or P‐GPA and H‐GPA, respectively) were compared using platelet membrane vesicles loaded with 45Ca. Half maximal effect (HME) was obtained at 5 μM and 10 μM for H‐GPA and P‐GPA, respectively, against 0.7 μM for A23187, which released 2 times more Ca. The three compounds also induced platelet aggregation with a HME at 0.5 μM, 0.3 μM and 0.01 μM for A23187, P‐GPA and H‐GPA, respectively. The clear dissociation between the two effects appearing for both LPA raises some doubt about the general idea that (lyso) PA participate in cell activation through their calcium ionophore properties.
Intrinsic phosphatase activity of bovine brain calcineurin requires a tightly bound trace metal
Authors: Gupta Ramesh C. , Khandelwal Ramji L. , Sulakhe Prakash V.
Published: July 2002

The divalent metal requirement of intrinsic phosphatase activity was investigated using native and trypsinized calcineruin. This was assessed by examining (1) the stimulation of the enzyme by various metals, (2) the inhibition of the enzyme activity by metal chelators (EDTA and EGTA), and (3) the restoration by various metals of the activity of the EDTA‐inhibited calcineurin phosphatase. The results supported the view that a tightly bound trace metal is necessary for expression of the phosphatase activity of calcineurin and implicate Mn2+ as the tighly bound metal.
Differential susceptibility of human alcohol dehy drogenase isoenzymes to anions
Authors: Bühler R. , Von Wartburg J.-P.
Published: July 2002

Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes β1β1, γ1γ1 from Caucasian individuals with ‘typical’ ADH and β2β2‐Bern from Caucasian individuals with ‘atypical’ phenotype differed in their susceptibility to anions. At pH 7.0 β1β1 and γ1γ1 were more active in Tris‐HCl buffer than in sodium phosphate buffer but less active in Hepes‐NaOH and Mops‐NaOH. β2β2‐Bern showed the same activity in all these buffers. At pH 7.0 and at low concentrations (50–100 mM) chloride activated the ethanol oxidation by β1β1 and γ1γ1, whereas sulfate showed no effect. At anion concentrations above 100 mM all isoenzymes were inhibited. At pH 10.5 β1β1 and γ1γ1 were not activated. Measuring the acetaldehyde reduction, no comparable activation by chloride was observed; all three isoenzymes were inhibited, at significantly lower anion concentrations. These anion effects can be correlated with the different primary structures of the isoenzymes around the active site and the coenzyme binding site.
Enzymatic rearrangement of flavanone to isoflavone
Authors: Hagmann M. , Grisebach H.
Published: July 2002

A microsomal preparation from elicitor‐challenged soybean cell suspension cultures catalyzes an NADPH‐dependent and dioxygen‐dependent rearrangement of (2S)‐naringenin to genistein. The conversion of (2S)‐5, 4'‐dihydroxyflavanone to daidzein was also catalyzed by this preparation. The ‘isoflavone synthase’ was found in elicitor‐challenged soybean seedlings as well.
Thermostable valyl‐tRNA, isoleucyl‐tRNA and methionyl‐tRNA synthetases from an extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB8: protein structure and Zn2+ binding
Authors: Kohda Daisuke , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Miyazawa Tatsuo
Published: July 2002

Thermostable valyl‐tRNA, isoleucyl‐tRNA and methionyl‐tRNA synthetases have been purified from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. Valyl‐tRNA and isoleucyl‐tRNA synthetases are found to be monomer proteins (M
r 108000 and 129000, respectively), while methionyl‐tRNA synthetase is a dimer protein (M
r 150000). These enzymes are very similar with respect to amino acid compositions and α‐helix contents as estimated by circular dichroism analyses. Furthermore, two Zn2+ are tightly bound to each of these synthetases. These data suggest that valyl‐tRNA and isoleucyl‐tRNA synthetases consist of two domains, each corresponding to the subunit of methionyl‐tRNA synthetase.
δ and μ opiate receptor probes: fluorescent enkephalins with high receptor affinity and specificity
Authors: Mihara Hisakazu , Lee Sannamu , Shimohigashi Yasuyuki , Aoyagi Haruhiko , Kato Tetsuo , Izumiya Nobuo , Costa Tommaso
Published: July 2002

The fluorescent amino acid, L‐1‐pyrenylalanine (Pya) was incorporated into [D‐Ala2,Leu5]enkephalin and its methyl ester at position 4 or 5. Pya‐enkephalins showed strong fluorescent intensity and displayed high binding affinity for opiate receptors. Pya4‐enkephalins showed high specificity for the μ receptors, while Pya5‐enkephalins showed high specificity and selectivity for the δ receptors. Particularly, [D‐Ala2,Pya5]enkephalin was as potent as the most utilized δ‐specific ligand of [D‐Ala2,D‐Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE), and yet its δ‐selectivity was about 5‐times greater than that of DADLE. Thus, Pya‐enkephalins per se can be utilized as a fluorescent probe or tracer for the opiate receptor‐binding assays.
A structure for the porcine TSH receptor
Authors: Kajita Yoshihiro , Rickards Carole R. , Buckland Paul R. , Howells Roger D. , Smith Bernard Rees
Published: July 2002

Affinity purified, detergent‐solubilised porcine TSH receptors have been crosslinked to a 125I‐labelled photoactive derivative of TSH and analysed by gel electrophoresis, gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Our studies suggest that the porcine TSH receptor is made up of a hydrophilic A subunit with an M
r about 45000 linked to an amphiphilic B subunit (M
rapprox. 25 000) by a disulphide bridge(s). The A subunit forms the binding site for TSH on the outside of the cell membrane. The B subunit appears to penetrate the membrane and form the site for interaction with adenylate cyclase either in the lipid bilayer or close to the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane.
Biosynthesis of abnormally glycosylated hepatoma secretory proteins in cell cultures
Authors: Alm Ragnar , Eriksson Sten
Published: July 2002

We studied, by electrophoretic techniques, the physicochemical properties of 4 glycoproteins, α1‐antitrypsin, α1‐antichymotrypsin, α1,‐acid glycoprotein and transferrin synthesized by three different human hepatoma cell lines. A common feature was the export of glycoproteins with retarded electrophoretic mobility, indicating incomplete sialylation, and a predominance of atypical, highly branched carbohydrate chains. The abnormal glycosylation pattern may be specific for malignant transformation of hepatocytes and possibly related to the intracellular accumulation of some of these proteins in malignant cells.
Direct observation of (H8,H6)‐Hr J‐coupling correlations in oligonucleotides for unambiguous resonance assignments
Authors: Gundhi Praful , Chary K.V.R. , Hosur R.V.
Published: July 2002

Four‐bond H8/H6‐H1 scalar coupling correlations in two‐dimensional correlated spectroscopy have been observed directly for the first time by using the J‐scaled COSY [(1985) Chem. Phys. Lett. 116, 105‐108] technique in a dinucleotide, cytidylyl(2'–5')guanosine (CpG). Unambiguous resonance assignment of nonexchangeable protons in CpG has been obtained using these H8/H6‐H1' 4‐bond correlations and the various 3‐ and 4‐bond sugar ring proton correlations observed in the COSY and SUPER COSY experiments.
Pyridoxal phosphate‐induced dissociation of the succinate : ubiquinone reductase
Authors: Choudhry Z.M. , Gavrikova E.V. , Kotlyar A.B. , Tushurashvili P.R. , Vinogradov A.D.
Published: July 2002

Treatment of the soluble ubiquinone‐deficient succinate: ubiquinone reductase with pyridoxal phosphate results in the inhibition of the carboxin‐sensitive ubiquinone‐reductase activity of the enzyme. The inactivation is prevented by the soluble homolog of ubiquinone (Q2) but is insensitive to the dicarboxylates interacting with the substrate binding site of succinate dehydrogenase. The reactivity of the pyridoxal phosphate‐inhibited enzyme with different electron acceptors suggests that the observed inhibition is due to the dissociation of succinate dehydrogenase from the enzyme complex. The soluble succinate dehydrogenase was recovered in the supernatant after treatment of the insoluble succinate : ubiquinone reductase with pyridoxal phosphate. The data obtained strongly suggest the participation of amino groups in the interaction between
Mobilization of intracellular calcium by glucagon and cyclic AMP analogues in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: Mauger Jean-Pierre , Claret Michel
Published: July 2002

Separate or combined addition of cyclic AMP‐dependent and Ca2+‐linked hormones to isolated rat hepatocytes suspended in a low Ca2+ medium reduced the total cellular Ca. When the hormones were administered together, their effects were not additive. This suggests that both types of hormones mobilize Ca2+ from a common intracellular pool. In the presence of 1.8 mM extracellular Ca2+, the Ca2+ influx counterbalanced or even exceeded the hormone‐induced Ca2+ loss, depending on the ability of the hormones to stimulate the Ca2+ influx.
Trisialosyllactosylceramide (GT3) is a ganglioside of human lung
Authors: Månsson Jan-Eric , Mo Hanqing , Egge Heinz , Svennerholm Lars
Published: July 2002

A trisialoganglioside not found before in human tissue was isolated from human adult lung. Structural characterization showed this to be II3(NeuAc)3‐LacCer or GT3. The ganglioside constituted 40% of the trisialogangliosides of human lung or 0.2 nmol ganglioside per g tissue.
Transcript regulation and carboxyterminal extension of ubiquitin in Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Westphal M. , Müller-Taubenberger A. , Noegel A. , Gerisch G.
Published: July 2002

The sequence of a cDNA from Dictyostelium discoideum indicates linkage of a basic polypeptide to the C‐terminal end of ubiquitin. Among the six RNA species recognized by a ubiquitin‐specific fragment of the cDNA, four are increasing in quantity during development and two are decreasing. Six genomic EcoR1 fragments of more than 3 kb are recognized by that probe, suggesting that the RNAs are transcribed from a family of separate genes. A fragment containing only the 3'‐portion of the cDNA which includes part of the coding region for the basic polypeptide but not for ubiquitin, recognizes mainly two genomic fragments of which only one coincides in size with a fragment that is recognized by the ubiquitin‐specific probe.
Iron transfer from ferritin to transferrin
Authors: Yi Jin , Crichton Robert R.
Published: July 2002

The transfer of iron from 59Fe‐labelled human spleen ferritin to human apotransferrin occurs in the absence of either reducing or chelating agents. The reaction is first order with respect to ferritin and zero order to apotransferrin. The transfer is enhanced by low‐M
r substances from human serum such as ascorbate, citrate, bicarbonate and lactate. A mixture of the four molecules at their normal physiological concentrations can increase the iron exchange to the same extent as that observed with an ultrafiltrate of serum. A pathway of intracellular iron mobilization is considered.
Isolation and characterization of a rubredoxin and a flavodoxin from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Berre‐Eau
Authors: Fauque Guy D. , Moura Isabel , Moura José J.G. , Xavier António V. , Galliano Nicole , LeGall Jean
Published: July 2002

A rubredoxin and a flavodoxin have been purified and characterized from soluble extracts of a sulfate‐reducing bacterium able to grow with N2 as the only nitrogen source: Desulfovibrio desulfuricans strain Berre‐Eau. These two electron carriers have characteristics similar to homologous proteins found in other Desulfovibrio species (molecular mass, absorption spectrum, extinction coefficient and amino acid composition). In contrast to rubredoxin, flavodoxin mediates electron transfer in the reduction of sulfite to sulfide and in hydrogen evolution from pyruvate, when in the presence of hydrogenase
Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase Homology of putative targeting sequence to that of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I revealed by correlation of cDNA and protein data
Authors: Hempel John , Höög Jan-Olov , Jörnvall Hans
Published: July 2002

Comparison of existing protein and cDNA data for human liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase reveals deviations in two segments. They are shown to correspond exactly to localized frameshifts in the cDNA data, which are likely to have three reading errors. After correction of the cDNA frameshifts, a deduced amino acid sequence corresponds exactly to the data established at the protein level. In addition, extension of the shifted frame into the cDNA corresponding to the mitochondrial leader sequence allows reinterpretation of that sequence. The new leader sequence is consistent with characteristics of such segments of other mitochondrial protein pro‐forms. Furthermore, the sequence displays a homology, when centered around the cleavage site, with the leader sequence of rat liver carbamyl phosphate synthetase I, suggesting a novel similarity between mitochondrial targeting sequences of two different enzymes.
The 3′‐orf protein of human immunodeficiency virus 2 shows sequence homology with the bel3 gene of the human spumaretrovirus
Authors: Maurer Bernd , Flügel Rolf M.
Published: July 2002

The primary amino acid sequence within a domain of 89 residues of the central part of the 3′‐orf protein (p27 3′‐orf) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐2) shares homology with the middle and carboxy‐terminal portion of the bel3 gene product of human spumaretrovirus (HSRV). In addition, a limited region of the tat protein of HIV‐2 but not HIV‐1 shows a 28% degree of homology to the deduced protein sequence of the bel1 gene product of HSRV. Comparison between the viral sequences suggests that the 3′‐orf and bel1 gene product of HSRV could serve similar functions to those in HIV‐2.
Differential expression of α‐subunits of G‐proteins in human neuroblastoma‐derived cell clones
Authors: Klinz Franz-Josef , Yu Victor C. , Sadée Wolfgang , Costa Tommaso
Published: July 2002

The distribution of α‐ and β‐subunits of G‐proteins was analyzed in membranes of three cell clones which are derived from the human neuroblastoma cell line SK‐N‐SH. The neuroblast‐like clone SH‐SY5Y shows a pattern of G‐proteins very similar to that of human brain cortex with high levels of Giα and Goα but low levels of G40α. The intermediate clone SH‐IN contains high levels of Goα and Giα and moderate levels of G40α. The non‐neuronal clone SH‐EP shows high levels of G40α but lacks Goα. Differentiation of the neuroblast‐like clone SH‐SY5Y by retinoic acid or nerve growth factor does not change the amount of Giα or Goα in the membrane.
Covalent flavinylation of 6‐hydroxy‐D‐nicotine oxidase involves an energy‐requiring process
Authors: Brandsch Roderich , Bichler Veronika
Published: July 2002

E. coli cells harbouring the recombinant plasmid pDB222 with the 6‐HDNO gene under the control of the tac‐promotor were induced with IPTG to synthesize a high amount of 6‐HDNO protein. Part of this protein was present as 6‐HDNO apoenzyme. The proportion of 6‐HDNO apoenzyme formed could be increased when the induction of 6‐HDNO synthesis by IPTG was performed in the presence of the inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium. The 6‐HDNO apoenzyme thus formed could be transformed into enzymatically active holoenzyme in the presence of FAD by a process requiring an energy‐generating system consisting of ATP, phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase. This finding suggests that an enzymatic step(s) is (are) involved in the covalent flavinylation of 6‐HDNO.
Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase from bovine retina Amino acid sequence of the α‐subunit and nucleotide sequence of the corresponding cDNA
Authors: Ovchinnikov Yu.A. , Gubanov V.V. , Khramtsov N.V. , Ischenko K.A. , Zagranichny V.E. , Muradov K.G. , Shuvaeva T.M. , Lipkin V.M.
Published: July 2002

The α‐subunit primary structure of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase has been determined by parallel analysis of the protein amino acid sequence and the corresponding cDNA nucleotide sequence. The enzyme α‐subunit contains 858 amino acid residues, its N‐terminal amino group being acetylated. The partial primary structure of the enzyme, β‐subunit has also been elucidated. A significant homology has been found between the α‐ and β‐subunits of cGMP phosphodiesterase.
The complete amino acid sequences of the 5 S rRNA binding proteins L5 and L18 from the moderate thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosome
Authors: Kimura Junko , Kimura Makoto
Published: July 2002

The complete amino acid sequences of the 5 S rRNA binding proteins L5 and L18 isolated from ribosomes of the moderate thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus are presented. This has been achieved by the sequence analysis of peptides derived by enzymatic digestions with trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, and Staphy‐lococcus
aureus protease, as well as by chemical cleavage with cyanogen bromide. The proteins L5 and L18 consist of 179 and 120 amino acid residues, and have M
r values of 20 163 and 13 473, respectively. A comparison of the sequences with their counterparts from the Escherichia coli ribosome reveals 59% identical residues for L5, and 53% for L18. For both proteins, the distribution of conserved regions is not random along the protein chains: some regions are highly conserved while others are not. The regions which are conserved during evolution may be important for the interaction with the 5 S rRNA molecule.
Differentiation‐associated changes of cation‐transport activities in myeloid leukemic cell lines
Authors: Rephaeli Ada , Aviram Adina , Englender Talma , Shaklai Mati
Published: July 2002

Induction of differentiation in HL‐60 and U‐937 leukemic cell lines, resulted in 1.5–10‐fold increase in 45Ca2+ uptake. The increased 45Ca2+ uptake in the differentiating cells was inhibited by verapamil, cromolyn and amiloride. Elevation in Ca2+ uptake in differentiating cells was also demonstrated using the fluorescent probe, fura‐2 acetoxymethyl ester. The increased 45Ca2+ uptake was accompanied by a decrease in ouabain‐insensitive and ‐sensitive 86Rb+ uptake. Furthermore, correlation between the changes in these activities was observed. Modulation of extracellular pH affected differentiation: higher pH increased the extent of differentiation.
Plasma fibronectin prepared from patients with metastatic breast cancer shows in vitro aggregation property
Authors: Vuillard Laurent , Miller Andrew , Sizer Philip J.H.
Published: July 2002

Plasma fibronectin purified from the plasma of metastatic breast cancer patients has been studied by light scattering. It clearly shows abnormal self‐aggregation properties; the possible significance of these findings to the in vivo situation is discussed.
Complementary addressed modification of nucleic acids with the alkylating derivatives of oligothymidylate ethyl phosphotriesters Effect of the phosphotriester fragments' configuration
Authors: Abramova T.V. , Vlassov V.V. , Lebedev A.V. , Ryte A.S.
Published: July 2002

The alkylating derivatives of four individual diastereomers of the oligonucleotide [dTp(Et)]3dTpU and two individual diastereomers of oligonucleotide [dTp(Et)dTp]4 have been synthesized. The reagents with the phosphorus atoms in the enantiomeric p″ configuration are shown to be more efficient in reacting with poly(dA) and with nucleic acids in Krebs‐2 ascites carcinoma cells compared to those with the phosphorus atoms in the p′ configuration.
The mitochondrial probe rhodamine 123 inhibits in isolated hepatocytes the degradation of short‐lived proteins
Authors: Vargas J.L. , Roche E. , Knecht E. , Aniento F. , Grisoli´a S.
Published: July 2002

The fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (R123) decreases the intracellular ATP levels and also inhibits the degradation of short‐lived proteins in isolated hepatocytes. This inhibition affects lysosomal and, to some extent, non‐lysosomal mechanisms. The degradation of short‐lived proteins decreases more when ATP levels are less than 40% of those in control cells, in contrast to the reported linear correlation between ATP levels and degradation of long‐lived proteins. R123 provides a powerful probe for clarifying the proteolytic mechanisms involved in degradation of short‐lived proteins and the ATP requirements in protein degradation. Indeed, as illustrated, the results suggest different mechanisms for the degradation of short‐ and long‐lived proteins. Moreover, they provide a warning for the clinical use of this reagent.