bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Finance in the Real World: Through the Lens (Down the Rabbit Hole?) of Transfer Pricing
Authors: Wilkie Scott , Eden Lorraine
Published: February 2023

The current lack of confidence in the international rules for taxing the global profits of multinational enterprises (MNEs) has three underlying causes: (1) tax rules are not universal or natural; (2) taxes must be practical, administrable, and collectible; and (3) tax policy is a domain where national sovereignty and multilateralism are both important and conflictual. As a result, in the real world of public finance, the principles and norms of international tax must be tempered with the need for practicality and respect for national sovereignty. Transfer pricing, which affects how an MNE's global profits are allocated among countries, provides a good illustration of the difficult problem of implementing public finance principles and norms in the real world. Criticisms of the arm's-length principle have led the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to recommend formulary approaches to transfer pricing in the pillar 1 and 2 proposals of its base erosion and profit shifting project. Instead, we propose a solution that draws its inspiration from the distinction made by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes between "investment" and "trade" that underlies the four-factor Salini test: contribution, assets, risk, and duration. We argue that the Salini test provides useful insights into the conundrum of "source" and a way out of the current lack of confidence in the international tax system. Our work builds on, and pays homage to, Richard Bird's lifelong contributions to public finance.
THE CONTENT AND BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
Authors:   Moldova State University, Antoci Natalia
Published: February 2023

This article addresses the theoretical aspects regarding the concepts, theories, factors, types of migration. As well as the historical and current directions of migrants; the structure of migration policies, the documents that regulate migration in the EU, as well as the directives related to immigration. The demographic situation of the EU is a deplorable one, characterized by the continuous aging of the population, the decrease in the birth rate, here, according to the opinion of several specialists, the migrant population comes to solve the existing problems. Migrants belong to the 27-38 age group, who move with their families for an indefinite period of time and whose fertility is high. Migration plays an important role on the economic development of the EU states, but also on the economies of the states of origin of the migrants. Foreigners represent cheap labor, who are ready to work for any wage and who will fill those positions that the local population ignores. Among the recommended strategies regarding the efficiency, regulation, integration of migrants can be listed: a. Developing a common approach to migration and development at sub-regional and regional level through: building trust between states and increasing understanding of issues related to migration; eliminating barriers, creating networks and facilitating the harmonization of positions within the region; developing capacities and making changes in certain laws, policies and concrete practices related to the way of integration of migration at the European level. b. Promoting in-depth collaboration and cooperation with neighboring EU states in the field of migration; c. Data on migration should be available in several languages, in some places it was only in English; d. Application of all directives in practice; e. Avoiding the isolation of migrants in "ghettos" and "banlieus"; f. Uniform distribution on the territory of the country, so that the population is not concentrated only in metropolises; g. Organization of linguistic, cultural and professional courses to facilitate their integration into society; h. Providing residential spaces with sufficient living conditions; i. Organization of information companies regarding non-discrimination and solidarity; j. Regulation of human trafficking, illegal work, crime; k. Children's schooling, as well as the development of democratic capacities; l. Ensuring national and regional security; m. The creation of preferential medical and social services for women and children.
CURRENCY LIBERALIZATION AS A NECESSARY PREREQUISITE FOR UKRAINE'S INTEGRATION INTO THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AREA
Authors:   Mukachevo State University, Hladynets Nataliya , Petrichko Maria ,   Mukachevo State University, Lintur Inna ,   Mukachevo State University
Published: February 2023

The article examines the introduction of currency liberalization by the National Bank of Ukraine and its impact on the economic development of Ukraine. Liberalization of the currency regulation mechanism is an urgent direction of economic reform, as it contributes to Ukraine's integration into the global financial space. The introduction by the National Bank of Ukraine of gradual liberalization of currency regulation should promote the inflow of foreign capital from economically developed countries of the world. The article aims to study the peculiarities of the application of the regime of liberalization of currency regulation and to determine its impact on the economic development of the country. Analysis of the activity of the National Bank of Ukraine on the foreign exchange market in recent years showed that the NBU significantly changed the system of currency regulation by liberalizing the currency policy. Successful liberalization of currency regulation can ensure financial openness of the country under the conditions of weighted macroeconomic regulation it is noted. The updating of the system of currency legislation made it possible to provide more than 30 currency relaxations. The impact of currency liberalization on the most important macroeconomic indicators – money supply, monetary base, GDP was studied. Dynamics of exchange rate fluctuations, price level, currency interventions were analyzed. It was noted that currency interventions are associated with changes in the demand for currency in different periods. The purchase and sale of currency by the National Bank of Ukraine allows regulating the amount of money in circulation, which directly affects the level of inflation in the state. It has been established that the liberalization of currency regulation should be balanced and controlled by the state, because during the aggravation of crisis phenomena, the implementation of liberalization will only worsen the state of the real sector of the domestic economy. For Ukraine, taking into account the specifics of economic development, the liberalization of currency policy is an objectively determined process. However, liberalization may contain significant threats and risks. Therefore, it is important to develop an effective mechanism for the implementation of the liberalization process, taking into account the peculiarities of the domestic economy.
SCIENTIFIC AND ORGANIZATIONAL BASIS FOR FORMULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF FISCAL POLICY
Authors:   State Tax University, Myskin Yurii , Marshalok Taras ,   West Ukrainian National University, Myskina Oksana ,   State Tax University
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the understanding of the scientific and organizational principles of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy. It was determined that the scientific and organizational support of fiscal policy includes its classification. It is the improvement of the classification of fiscal policy in the context of modern requests that is an actual task today. The purpose of the article is to characterize the scientific and organizational foundations of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy through the lens of improving its classification. To achieve the goal, the following research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, logical generalization. A detailed analysis of the existing classification of fiscal policy made it possible to reveal unity in scientific circles regarding the use of the classification features "planning horizon" and "implementation task". According to the feature of "subject-functional specialization", there are various classifications in scientific circles, which are summarized in three main approaches. Based on the results of the analysis of the classification of fiscal policy, it is proposed to improve it by introducing new classification features. It is proposed to distinguish the processes of formation and implementation of fiscal policy under the classification feature "sequence of implementation". According to the "stages of formation and implementation of fiscal policy based on taking into account the authorities of the state", the expediency of distinguishing such structural elements as: conceptualization, strategizing, formalization and standardization, practical implementation, evaluation of effectiveness and retrospective control is substantiated. According to the classification feature "elements of the algorithm of formation and implementation of fiscal policy", the division of the latter into concepts, goals, tasks, measures, methods, forms, levers and tools is proposed. On the basis of the improved classification, a scheme of organizational support for the formation and implementation of fiscal policy has been developed, which creates prerequisites for the development of a methodology for ensuring the fiscal policy of sustainable development of Ukraine.
LOANS FROM A BANKING INSTITUTION AND A PAWNSHOP: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF MECHANISMS
Authors:   National Aviation University, Yaroshevska Oksana , Karas Daryna ,   National Aviation University, Kushnir Andrii ,   National Aviation University
Published: February 2023

The article establishes that loans from banking institutions and pawnshops have the same economic meaning, represented by a two-way form of movement of loan capital based on the principles of payment and reciprocity, which is based on trust in the borrower, confirmed by additional sources of securing loan repayment. It is shown that the institutional status of a banking institution and a pawnshop differs. They belong to financial institutions, but a bank is a financial intermediary, while a pawnshop is not. A comparative characterization of loans from banks and pawnshops was conducted, their common and distinctive features were revealed. Common features include the performance of creditor functions in accordance with concluded contracts, the structure of assets, represented by income items. Differential differences are summarized, which boil down to the following: banking institutions issue loans at the expense of attracted deposits, therefore the specific weight of equity capital in the liabilities of their balance sheet is low, and the main share of it falls on customers' funds. Interest rates on loans issued by pawn shops are higher compared to banking institutions, and the process of setting the rate on bank loans is much more complicated. Banking institutions serve a wider range of clients, represented by legal entities and individuals, while pawnshops serve mainly individuals. If banking institutions issue loans of different durations, then pawnshops concentrate on issuing short-term property-secured loans. A pawnshop, unlike a banking institution, does not form reserves for credit risks. Banks, unlike pawn shops, have a higher level of credit risk and a more complex system of credit control. The subject-matter condition of collateral for banking institutions is not limited, the collateral for pawnshop loans is mainly products made of precious metals and precious stones. The maximum amount of the loan of the pawnshop is limited by the value of the subject of the institution, and for the banking institution - by the amount of credit risks and the requirements for compliance with mandatory economic standards. Recommendations for improving the credit activity of banking institutions and pawnshops have been developed.
TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE MODERN ECONOMIC WORLD SYSTEM UNDER GLOBALIZATION
Authors:   National Aviation University, Belinska Hanna , Niukina Valeriia ,   National Aviation University
Published: February 2023

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and further development of the economic component of the modern world system in the conditions of global economic and political transformations. The main scientific approaches to defining the essence and models of globalization are outlined. Authors singled out two main models of globalization – neoliberal and humanistic-noospheric. Neoliberal is recognized as the current one, due to the fact that it is interpreted as technocratic-unipolar under the pronounced hegemony of the USA and Western culture. The division of the world system into the center and the periphery is substantiated. The leading level is countries with a high level of income, which concentrate resource flows, appropriating all the benefits of globalization, and the bottom consists of less developed countries of the periphery, which are resource donors for the group of leaders, existing mainly due to the use and sale of natural resources and consumers of innovations. This group is the largest, it shows slow modernization, some of its regions are overpopulated, and in many places there are zones of political instability and conflicts. The dependence of the country's role and place in the structure of the modern world system on its level of economic development and GDP indicators is described. It was also found that in the process of development, central regions change their specialization, transferring innovations to other regions, which, in turn, seem to "pull" behind the center to a new high-quality level of economic development. The authors also considered the state and prospects for the development of the economic core in the territory of modern China. It has been found that it is inappropriate to talk about the hegemony of this country in the modern world system, since the country's economy does not demonstrate the necessary stability and transition to the postindustrial stage of development with the predominance of the service sector over industrial production. Instead, the current state of the world system demonstrates the formation of a powerful core of the world economy in North America, which is based on the economy of the United States of America.
DIGITAL TOOLS FOR MANAGEMENT OF THE DEMAND FOR THE COMPANY'S PRODUCTS
Authors:   National Aviation University, Kasianova Nataliia , Kuzminova Olha ,   National Aviation University
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of managing the demand for innovative products in the conditions of the digital transformation of the economy. It has been proven that the purpose of demand management is the formation and development of relations with potential customers in the long term. Demand management for a new product is based on the following areas of analysis: demand sensitivity analysis, consumer needs analysis, customer loyalty analysis and predictive analysis. Demand management is associated with the challenge of processing large amounts of available data, which requires new methods of big data analysis to turn the data stream into a useful source of information. By finding relationships in a data set, you can identify the most and least significant factors, track how and why their influence changes, and rank factors and relationships between them. The quality of the digital tools and the quality of the analytical model determines the accuracy with which the demand will be formed. The feasibility of using a neural network model has been proven, which allows you to increase awareness of the real state of the product market, assess real demand and take into account the consumer profile of customers. An important difference of this model from the expert evaluation is that the evaluations are based on mathematical and statistical analysis of the history of "past" purchases and providing a more objective risk assessment system. The paper defines the main stages of demand management for the company's products: determination of the factors that shape demand for the product, assessment of the impact of each of the factors on the level of demand and sales revenue, determination of the weight of current variables according to the level of impact on demand. Within the scope of this study, the task of classifying potential consumers of Nikopharm pharmaceutical company's products, dividing them into segments and forecasting demand for each of them was set. Based on the results of the analysis, five consumer segments were identified. The built neural network allows modeling the nonlinear dependence of the future demand for products on its actual values and the values of external factors. Based on the results of forecasting, an appropriate marketing program to stimulate demand has already been formed.
SCALE OF THE PROBLEM OF PROVIDING ENERGY SECURITY
Authors:   Dobrov Institute for Scientific and Technological Potential and Science History Studies of the NAS of Ukraine, Vovchenko Olena
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes the process of ensuring energy security from a local state issue to a global world problem. It was determined that countries with developed economies face significant threats to their energy security. Countries with developed economies, respectively, have an industry that is constantly expanding and increasing, so the energy security of such countries has its own specificity, which can be divided into three main categories: national defense, national infrastructure and «environmental costs» to support both. Significant consumption of energy resources by such countries causes environmental and energy problems for all countries of the world, regardless of economic development. It is highlighted that the sphere of national defense of large countries is the most energy-intensive: the US Ministry of Defense accounts for more than 17% of the amount of energy consumed by the federal government as a whole. In connection with the connection of the sphere of energy security with geopolitics, the USA is trying to reduce oil imports from politically unstable countries (OPEC, the Persian Gulf), while increasing supplies from Canada. Such a decision is constructive and logically based: reliability of the supplier country, shorter transportation distance, etc. Strategies for improving US energy security on a national scale are proposed: reduce dependence on imported oil; reduce energy demand in the residential, commercial and industrial sectors; subsidizing the use of biofuel. Spatial imbalances between oil reserves and demand have been shown to induce suppliers to manipulate energy dependence to their advantage. Most often, the method of manipulation is used by Russia: since 1997 (Turkmenistan) and until today (European countries). That is, the scale of the problem shows that the issue of ensuring energy security is relevant for all countries of the world. An important aspect in this process is the constructive policy of each state. The current situation in the field of energy security demonstrates that it has become a major and increasingly important challenge for NATO countries, the EU and the whole world. The perspective of the research can be seen in the development of the Strategy for ensuring energy security of European countries.
EVOLUTION AND THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE ESSENCE OF THE "ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE ENTERPRISE" CATEGORY
Authors:   State Biotechnological University, Orlov Vitalii
Published: February 2023

Business development in the conditions of uncertainty and variability of conditions requires the maximum return of the available potential and improvement of activity efficiency. Mobilization of the available resources, opportunities and competencies of the entrepreneur in combination with effective risk management can ensure the multiplication of the effectiveness of the use of economic potential and the growth of competitive advantages of enterprises. Being a dynamic phenomenon, the category "economic potential" acquires new features and manifestations with the change of views on the business management economic mechanisms. The article is devoted to establishing the evolutionary stages of defining the essence of the category "economic potential of the enterprise" and deepening its content. It is characterized that the categories "production potential", "resource potential", "economic potential", "financial potential" are used in the scientific literature. It is substantiated that the category "economic potential" is the starting point for strengthening the potential of the enterprise and embodies the production, resource and financial potentials in full understanding of their manifestations and cause-and-effect relationships in the process of the enterprise's functioning. It was established that the category "potential" is characterized by a certain convention, or the probability of the occurrence of certain events or facts, as it embodies a set of opportunities for certain entrepreneurial actions. In this regard, it is determined that from the point of view of the interpretation of the economic potential, the inclusion of the components of opportunities or abilities, as well as the competences of enterprises, is of fundamental importance. It has been proven that the interpretation of economic potential from the innovative-competent and resource aspects makes it possible to correlate its definition in comparison with adjacent categories characterizing the potential of the enterprise. The differentiation of the levels of growth of the economic potential of enterprises in the conditions of a changing competitive environment has been established.
Inmovilidad, miedo e incertidumbre: brasileños en Italia (y Europa) durante la pandemia de covid 19, 2020-2021
Authors:   Universidad Federal de Santa Maria, Chitolina Zanini María Catarina
Published: February 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar acerca de las experiencias cotidianas y de las interacciones sociales de brasileños en Italia y otros países de Europa durante la pandemia de covid-19 en los años 2020 y 2021, que trajo muchas transformaciones en los escenarios internacionales de movilidad y exigió la inmovilidad por cuestiones de salud pública y control de circulación del virus sarscov-2 . La investigación la reali-cé por medios virtuales, aplicando dos cuestionarios mediante Google Forms, uno en 2020 y otro en 2021. Las solicitudes de participación las hice por medio de redes de contactos (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, correos electrónicos y otras), en los que presenté los objetivos y los cuidados éticos presentes. La imposibilidad de ir y venir, y en algunos casos incluso de salir de casa durante el periodo más tenso de la pandemia, fue narrada como una experiencia impactante en sus vidas cotidianas.
Cutting Plays for Performance: A Practical and Accessible Guide
Authors: Malone Toby , Huber Aili
Published: February 2023

Cutting Plays for Performance offers a practical guide for cutting a wide variety of classical and modern plays. This essential text offers insight into the various reasons for cutting, methods to serve different purposes (time, audience, story), and suggests ways of communicating cuts to a production team.

Dealing with every aspect of the editing process, it covers structural issues, such as plot beats, rhetorical concepts, and legal considerations, why and when to cut, how to cut with a particular goal in mind such as time constraints, audience and storytelling, and ways of communicating cuts to a production team. A set of practical worksheets to assist with the planning and execution of cuts, as well as step-by-step examples of the process from beginning to end in particular plays help to round out the full range of skills and techniques that are required when approaching this key theatre-making task.

This is the first systematic guide for those who need to cut play texts. Directors, dramaturgs, and teachers at every level from students to seasoned professionals will find this an indispensable tool throughout their careers.
Quoting Shakespeare in Twentieth-Century Film
Authors: Malone Toby
Published: February 2023

[Introduction]: " In the twentieth century, Shakespeare’s words began to be quoted in a new way: to create film-worlds. Cinema is itself a re-creation of worlds, which feature details for film-makers’ probing camera lenses to explore, minutely textured to a scale not feasible in the live theatre. Without restrictive laws of man or nature as logistical impediments, film-worlds can take on any form imaginable. Familiar landmarks, accents, fashions and brands might tie film-worlds to our own reality, but there is no risk of an audience mistaking the contents for real life. The phrase ‘In a world’ is so ubiquitous in movie trailers as to invite parody or pastiche, but it points to the truism that films create and re-create worlds, which audiences are invited to interpret. Film-makers position limitless interpretive signifiers to achieve world completion for the audience’s benefit, and ‘in a world’ where Shakespeare is among the most cited figures in the history of cinema – a claim easily verified through Douglas Lanier’s exhaustive ‘Film Spin-Offs and Citations’ – the volume of filmic Shakespearean signifiers in the form of references and quotations bears deeper consideration than it has been given in previous scholarship."

 
Developing an Integrative Paradigm through a Comparison of Literary and Linguistic Stylistics
Authors: Devi Malladi Revathi , Ali Dina Ali Abdalla , Salih Hala Mohamed Osman
Published: February 2023

Both learning to write and teaching it are challenging tasks. Different techniques and approaches are used by English language instructors to teach this skill. Due to the varied educational, cultural, social, linguistic, and economic backgrounds of the students, teaching at the tertiary level in the Indian environment can be more difficult. The goal of this thesis is to use a stylistic approach to teach writing skills to students. The method for analyzing and interpreting literary or non-literary texts has traditionally been stylistics, the scientific study of style. Only a small amount of research is done in the pedagogical sector to explore stylistics' full potential. The stylistics field was explored by scholars through the current study since it has its roots in ancient rhetoric and the craft of persuasion in speech and writing, making this research promising to produce discovery. By combining elements of literary and linguistic stylistics, this thesis created a stylistic model. The coping stone of this thesis states that style in any written work (i.e., verbal artifact) is the way in which the content (i.e., ideas and arguments) is organized, and the language exploits all possible choices, helping this organization to achieve an intended purpose or to create the desired effect. This idea of style should be studied stylistically, which is what this research project is all about. For textual analysis and text creation in classroom contexts, the integrated model of stylistics offers a framework and principles. Similar to how understanding the various levels at which language operates, as well as various stylistic techniques and methods, enables students to master culinary skills, understanding the various ingredients, methods, and tools would empower and enable students to write effectively and coherently in both personal and professional settings. The model created emphasizes distinct options available at each linguistic level on the paradigmatic and syntagmatic planes for the students to exploit depending on their need, audience, context, and effect to be produced in the readers' minds.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS PESERTA DIDIK DITINJAU DARI PERBEDAAN GENDER
Authors: Dena Arimby Hariananda  , Zainuddin
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis peserta didik ditinjau dari perbedaan gender. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian kualitatif. Pengambilan subjek dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Siswa yang cenderung memenuhi indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis ditentukan sebagai subjek penelitian dan kemudian dilakukan wawancara. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan langkah-langkahnya yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa siswa laki-laki hanya mampu memenuhi 1 indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis yaitu memberikan penjelasan tentang makna dari istilah-istilah yang digunakan. Sedangkan siswa perempuan memenuhi 6 indikator kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis yaitu Mampu memusatkan perhatian terhadap pengambilan keputusan dari permasalahan yang ada, Mampu memberikan alasan rasional terhadap keputusan yang diambil, Mampu membuat simpulan yang berdasarkan bukti yang meyakinkan dengan cara mengidentifikasi berbagai argumen atau anggapan dan mencari alternatif pemecahan serta tetap mempertimbangan situasi dan bukti yang ada, Memahami kunci dari permasalahan yang menyebabkan suatu keadaan atau situasi, memberikan penjelasan tentang makna dari istilah-istilah yang digunakan dan Melakukan pemeriksaan ulang secara menyeluruh untuk mengetahui ketepatan keputusan yang sudah diambil. Siswa perempuan cenderung lebih kritis dalam menyelesaikan permasalah dibandingkan siswa laki-laki. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar guru dapat lebih memperhatikan lagi kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa untuk dapat mengatasi masalah yang berorientasi abstrak.
APLIKASI DERIVATIF (TURUNAN) DALAM MENGHITUNG ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN MAKSIMAL PADA USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH
Authors: Ian Rakhmawan Suherli  , Pandu Pribadi  , Syifa Afidah Nurul Arifin  , Rafi Akhsanul Kholikin
Published: February 2023

Pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah dalam pengelolaan usahanya adalah mencari keuntungan itulah tujuannya berusaha, banyak variabel yang mempengaruhi terhadap keuntungan usaha diantaranya adalah biaya variabel, biaya tetap, harga produksi, harga jual, jumlah yang diproduksi, kenaikan harga jual. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari keuntungan maksimal suatu usaha dengan dilakukan perhitungan menggunakan pendekatan ilmu matematika khususnya konsep derivatif (turunan). Penelitian ini berlokasi di perusahaan UMKM Dua Putri Barokah yang memproduksi berbagai macam varian sale pisang, adapun dalam menghitung keuntungan maksimal dilakukan beberap langkah yaitu: (1) Langkah untuk mengaplikasikan turunan, dan dalam langkah ini terbagi pada (a) perumusan beberapa variabel yagn diperlukan, (b) melakukan penyusunan pemodelan matematika, (c) penyelesaian perhitungan model matematika, (2) Perusahaan mendapatkan keuntungan hanya pada tiga produk yang dibuatnya, sehingga perusahaan ini belum sepenuhnya mendapatkan keuntungan maksimal yang berpotensi untuk diraih.
PENERAPAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH
Authors: Dicca Mei Santri  , Rosmaiyadi  , Mariyam
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa, keterlaksanaan model Discovery Learning dengan pendekatan kontekstual, dan karakter kreatif belajar siswa  setelah diterapkan model Discovery Learning dengan pendekatan kontekstual pada materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 7 Singkawang pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Adapun sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII A dan VIII C. Jenis dan desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain Quasi Experimental pada bentuk The Nonequivalent Pretest Posttest Control Group Design. Untuk teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah uji N-gain, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji mann whitey u-test, persentase keterlaksanaan, dan persentase karakter kreatif siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang menggunakan model Discovery Learning dengan pendekatan kontekstual lebih baik dari pada model pembelajaran langsung, 2) pada pembelajaran yang menggunakan model Discovery Learning dengan pendekatan kontekstual dapat terlaksana dengan baik, dan 3) karakter kreatif belajar siswa tergolong tinggi setelah diterapkannya model Discovery Learning dengan pendekatan kontekstual.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN DISIPLIN GURU TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Supit Deisye , Meily Ivane Esther Neman  , Theodorus Pangalila
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang tujuannya menguji pengaruh motivasi dan disiplin guru terhadap Hasil belajar matematika siswa. Sebanyak 60 siswa mengisi kuesioner dan data untuk survei ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode sampling disederhanakan. Hasil akhir riset apa pengaruh motivasi guru yang tinggi terhadap penyajian belajar, dan pengaruh disiplin belajar yang tinggi terhadap keberhasilan belajar, sehingga tingkat keberhasilan belajar matematika juga tinggi. Hasil akhir riset juga menyatakan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh nyata motivasi belajar siswa di kelas terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa, sama halnya dengan disiplin belajar siswa di kelas. Sehubungan dengan hasil riset, saran diberikan sebagai berikut: Guru mampu mempertahankan dan meningkatkan metode pembelajarannya pada tingkat yang cukup baik. Karena pemberian motivasi dan kedisiplinan di dalam kelas berdampak signifikan terhadap kinerja siswa, maka guru berkewajiban memberikan motivasi dan kedisiplinan dalam belajar serta memperbaiki metode pengajaran agar siswa mamiliki hasil belajar matematika baik.
Biophysical interactions in coastal habitats
Authors:   , de Smit Jan Cornelis
Published: February 2023

In order to successfully implement nature-based solutions as (part of) coastal defense, there is a need for insight into their efficiency and their reliability. The wave-attenuation capacity of vegetated coastal ecosystems like seagrasses and salt marshes has been widely studied. However, their stability on the medium to long term (i.e., engineering timescales) needs to be quantified. Key wave attenuating ecosystems like salt marshes have a high internal stability. However, their lateral extent is strongly influenced by the vertical (sediment) stability of adjacent mudflats and / or seagrass meadows. In this thesis the sediment stability thresholds of subtidal and lower intertidal ecosystems (from seagrass meadows up to tidal flats) under strong current and wave attack is quantified. Typically such thresholds are measured via field measurements or laboratory flume experiments. The problem with these approaches is, however, that field measurements lack hydrodynamic control, so thresholds can only be measured indirectly, and laboratory experiments require ecosystem transplantation or the use of mimics. Field flumes have therefore been developed as a way to generate controlled hydrodynamics in situ, and have been used to quantify sediment stability thresholds in seagrass meadows and on tidal flats (chapters 2 and 4).
We explored the Seagrass – Sediment – Light (SSL) feedback by measuring sediment resuspension for various seagrass densities and sediment types (chapter 3). We were able to establish a general relation between seagrass density and sediment stability. This relation was then implemented in a simplified wave model which was used to assess the effects of changes in typical waves and storminess. We found that seagrasses are resilient to storms, but can be sensitive to changes in typical wind conditions depending on the topographical setting.
Benthos influence the stability of tidal flats. This is a complex interaction, because there are many species which all act differently. The effects of different species can be generalized via their energy consumption. We tested this approach in the field, but we still found a large variability (chapter 4). Therefore, we conducted an experiment where we assessed how different combinations of highly contrasting species change sediment stability (chapter 5). We found that the species with the strongest individual effect overruled the effects of other species.
When implementing nature-based solutions for coastal defense, there is a risk of accumulation of pollutants like microplastics. We assessed microplastic trapping within various biogenic habitats (chapter 6). We found that the susceptibility of a biogenic habitat to plastic accumulation was determined by their ability to reduce turbulence near the seabed. Furthermore, smaller particles are much more likely to be sequestered as they can ‘hide’ between larger sediment grains.
New Evidence for Rural Anglian-Era and Early Medieval Settlement in the Lothians, at Burdiehouse, Edinburgh
Authors: Maciver Cathy , Paton Kevin
Published: February 2023

The results from archaeological fieldwork between 2014 and 2016 at Burdiehouse, Edinburgh, have revealed evidence of structures, pits and enclosures related to rural settlement and activity ranging across the Early Medieval period from the 7thcentury AD up to the 12thcentury AD. A suite of features included a truncated stone platform, remains of a small post-built building with a hearth and numerous pits, postholes and curvilinear ditches. In addition, a circular clay-lined kiln was recorded. Radiocarbon dating indicates that while the building and hearth, the stone platform and numerous of the pits, postholes and linear features related to activity between the 7thand 10thcenturies AD, the kiln was a later feature, dated to the 12thcentury AD. The evidence for rural Early Medieval settlement sites as identified at Burdiehouse is limited but recent work has emphasised how important they are for understanding everyday activity in this period.
Pengembangan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penelusuran Minat Bakat Siswa SMP Dalam Memilih Jurusan di SMK Berbasis Web
Authors: SAS Abdillah , Andi Muh Akbar Saputra  , Muh Fadli Fausi Sahlan
Published: February 2023

The study aims at (1) designing the development of SPK (Decision Support System) of studens’ talent interests with web basis, (2) determining studens majors based on talents and interests, (3) designing the easier application, research population was the students of SMP who where about to graduate of students of SMK who were just accepted in the school. The SPK being built can determine the majors, learning styles, and personality of students based on the answers being questioned. Data colleting techniques used in this study were interview, literature review, and questionnaire. Data processing instruments of the study were structural equation modeling, black box testing, alpha, and beta testing.

            The results of the study reveal that the SPK of talents and interests with web basis can be designed and easier for the students in determining the majors at SMK because the SPK made had been tested fuctionality with very feasible category with the ttal percentage of 100%. Based on the usability test, this SPK is categorized as very good with the percentage of 100%. Based on the usability test, this SPK is categorized as very good with the percentage of 89.63%. Based on the result of SEM test by including various factors which were considered as influencing the saticfaction of SPK users, it is concluded that the factors of system quality, information quality, and interation quality influence the satisfaction of SPK users; wheres, the service quality has no influence of satisfaction to SPK users

Keyword — decision support systems, majors in SMK, web applications, structural equation modeling.
Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles through the Piper cubeba ethanolic extract and their enzyme inhibitory activities
Authors: Ahmad Khalil , Asif Hafiz Muhammad , Afzal Taimoor , Khan Mohsin Abbas , Younus Muhammad , Khurshid Umair , Safdar Maryem , Saifulah Sohaib , Ahmad Bashir , Sufyan Abubakar , Ansari Siddique Akber , Alkahtani Hamad M. , Ansari Irfan Aamer
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The area of “Green Synthesis of Nano-medicine,” as compared to its synthetic counterparts, is a relatively safer research technology for various biomedical applications, including identification, therapeutic application, and prevention of pathological conditions, pain control, safety, and development of human wellness. The present study explored the synthesis and characterization of AgNPs using the ethanolic extract of Piper cubeba fruit as a reducing and stabilizing agent and its potential as an enzyme inhibitory agent. Urease inhibitors are helpful against many severe diseases, including gastric ulcers induced by Helicobacter pylori.

Method: The fruits of the Piper cubeba plant were taken and ground to a fine powder. Plant material was added to 500 ml ethanol, and the mixture was filtered. The solvent of the filtrate was evaporated, and a thick, gummy extract was obtained and stored at 4°C in the refrigerator. AgNPs were green synthesized from solutions of AgNO3 using the P. cubeba extract, which was indicated by a change in the color from light brown to deep brown. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized via Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results and Discussion: Analysis showed the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 at room temperature (25°C), and the average particle size of AgNPs was in the range of 40–80 nm. Consequently, the synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for their anti-urease activity. The maximum urease inhibition of the Piper cubeba ethanolic extract was 88.5% at 5 mg conc., and of derived nanoparticles was 78.6% at 0.05 mg conc. The results were nearly similar to the control drug, i.e., thiourea (0.5 and 0.6 mM conc., respectively).

Conclusion: The study concluded that the P. cubeba extract, as well as its green-derived AgNPs, might prove to be a better and safer substitute for their enzyme inhibitory potential in emerging medicine and novel drug delivery techniques to improve and maintain human health.
Cardiotoxicity from neoadjuvant targeted treatment for breast cancer prior to surgery
Authors: Liu Yihua , Zheng Li , Cai Xingjuan , Zhang Xiaojun , Ye Yang
Published: February 2023

Cancer treatment has been gradually shifting from non-specific cytotoxic agents to molecularly targeted drugs. Breast cancer (BC), a malignant tumor with one of the highest incidence worldwide, has seen a rapid development in terms of targeted therapies, leading to a radical change in the treatment paradigm. However, the use of targeted drugs is accompanied by an increasing rate of deaths due to non-tumor-related causes in BC patients, with cardiovascular complications as the most common cause. Cardiovascular toxicity during antitumor therapy has become a high-risk factor for survival in BC patients. Targeted drug-induced cardiotoxicity exerts a wide range of effects on cardiac structure and function, including conduction disturbances, QT interval prolongation, impaired myocardial contractility, myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophy, resulting in various clinical manifestations, e.g., arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and even sudden death. In adult patients, the incidence of antitumor targeted drug-induced cardiotoxicity can reach 50%, and current preclinical evaluation tools are often insufficiently effective in predicting clinical cardiotoxicity. Herein, we reviewed the current status of the occurrence, causative mechanisms, monitoring methods, and progress in the prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity associated with preoperative neoadjuvant targeted therapy for BC. It supplements the absence of relevant review on the latest research progress of preoperative neoadjuvant targeted therapy for cardiotoxicity, with a view to providing more reference for clinical treatment of BC patients.
Association between skipping breakfast and prediabetes among adolescence in Japan: Results from A-CHILD study
Authors: Miyamura Keitaro , Nawa Nobutoshi , Isumi Aya , Doi Satomi , Ochi Manami , Fujiwara Takeo
Published: February 2023

Objective

Adolescents with prediabetes are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in later life. It is necessary to identify risk factors for prediabetes in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the association between skipping breakfast and prediabetes among adolescents in Japan.

Study design

We used the population-based cross-sectional data of eighth grade in junior high school students from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study conducted in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, in 2016, 2018, and 2020. Skipping breakfast was assessed using self-reported questionnaires (N=1510). Prediabetes was defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of 5.6-6.4%. The association between skipping breakfast and prediabetes was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Stratified analysis was also performed using BMI, 1 SD or more, or less than 1SD, as overweight was defined as 1SD or more.

Results

Students who skipped breakfast were 16.4% (n=248). The prevalence of prediabetes was 3.8% (n=58). Skipping breakfast exhibited a significant association with prediabetes (OR:1.95, 95% CI: 1.03 to 3.69) after adjusting for sex, annual household income, family history of diabetes mellitus, BMI, and survey year. Stratified analysis showed stronger association among students with overweight (BMI ≥1SD) (OR=4.31, 95% CI 1.06-17.58), while non-sigificant among students without overweight (BMI<1SD) (OR=1.62, 95% CI 0.76-3.47).

Conclusions

Skipping breakfast in Japanese adolescents, especially those with overweight, was associated with prediabetes. The promotion of avoiding skipping breakfast may help to prevent prediabetes.
Fault detection in a distribution network using a combination of a discrete wavelet transform and a neural Network’s radial basis function algorithm to detect high-impedance faults
Authors: Gogula Vyshnavi , Edward Belwin
Published: February 2023

High Impedance Fault detection in a solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind generator integrated power system is described in this paper using discrete wavelet transform and a neural network with radial basis function (NNRBF). For this paper, the integration of solar photovoltaic and wind systems was modelled in a MATLAB/Simulink environment to create an IEEE 13-bus system. Microgrids (MG’s) are mostly powered by renewable energy. Uncertainty about renewables has shifted attention to ensuring a steady supply and long-term viability. It has been addressed in the paper whether or not a small-scale distant end source connection may be made at the terminal of a radial distribution feeder. Some typical power system problems compromise the reliability of the grid’s power supply. To solve this problem, this study suggests a criterion algorithm based on the neural network with radial basis function (NNRBF), and a defect detection method based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The MATLAB/Simulink model of the system is then used to produce fault and travelling wave signals. The db4 wavelet is used to deconstruct the travelling wave signals into detail and approximate signals, which are then combined with the data from the two-terminal travelling wave localization approach for fault detection. After that, the optimal maximum coefficients of the wavelets are extracted and fed into the proposed radial basis function neural network (NNRBF). The results show that both the criterion algorithm and the fault detection algorithm are reliable in their assessments of whether or not faults exist in the power system, and that neither algorithm is particularly sensitive to variations in fault type, fault detection, fault initial angle, or transition resistance. After that, the optimal maximum coefficients of the wavelets are extracted and fed into the proposed radial basis function neural network (NNRBF). Overhead distribution system faults are simulated in Matlab/Simulink, and the technique is rigorously validated across a wide range of system situations. It has been shown through simulations that the proposed method can be relied upon to successfully and dependably protect high impedance fault (Hi-Z).