bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Saint King Oswald of Northumbria: Overlord or Imperator? A Very Peculiar Ancestor
Authors: Collamati Giovanni
Published: March 2023

In the documentation produced by the English monarchy during the tenth century the Latin title imperator surprisingly appears, but it is not the first time that this title has been associated with an insular king. In Adomnán of Iona's Vita sancti Columbae (c.700), St. Oswald king of Northumbria appears as totius Britanniae imperator. Oswald, one of seven kings—successively called bretwaldas in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle—who would have enjoyed a certain overlordship above other kingdoms of the island, could be the missing link connecting the use of the title imperator in the eighth and in the tenth centuries. Nevertheless, a closer view on the Oswald figure points out how he was remembered and worshipped more as a saint-overlord than as an emperor. Indeed, we can distinguish two different types of representation of the Northumbrian king’s authority: the first one proposed by Adomnán (emperor of Britain) and the second proposed by Bede (saintoverlord). In this article I show how the Bedian model had a greater diffusion than the Adomnán model in England in the following centuries, thanks to the cult of Oswald as a saint. This suggests that there was no direct link between the use of imperator in Adomnán and that in the tenth-century charters; they were two different manifestations of “imperiality.”
Studying Prince Philip: His Life and Legacies in Context
Authors: Betts Sarah , Schutte Valerie , Jolliff Scott Brandy , Storoschuk Jessica , Jones Aidan , Harris Carolyn
Published: March 2023

This cluster represents a new feature for the Royal Studies Journal, and an editorial attempt to place the life of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (1921-2021) within various historical, thematic, and scholarly contexts current in royal studies. It showcases some recent and ongoing work in the field as well as suggesting new lines of research and will hopefully prove a valuable starting point for students and new scholarship on traditional royal studies themes, such as consorts or dynasties and more specifically modern and contemporary monarchy. As well as a brief editorial introduction, six mini essays are presented within this piece considering Philip’s life as topic of study within the following contexts: Valerie Schutte, “Driving the Monarchy: Prince Philip and Land Rover;” Brandy Jolliff Scott, “Prince Philip’s Legacy and Foreign Policy: Analyzing the Role of Constitutional Monarchy in World Politics;” Jessica Storoschuk, “‘We Don’t Come to Canada For Our Health:’” A Surprisingly Strong Relationship Between Prince Philip and Canada;” Aidan Jones, “Greece, The British Navy and an Earlier Duke of Edinburgh;” Carolyn Harris, “Prince Philip and the Last Imperial Family of Russia,” and Sarah Betts, “Prince Philip On Screen.” ERRATA: Please note the following correction to Harris' contribution--Prince Philip's birthday should be 10 June 1921, not 10 April.
Indigenous Theosophy in Indonesia: Conception and Meaning of Mystical Philosophy in the Naqshabandiyyah Al Mrikiyah Text
Authors: Mufid Fathul , Mohad Abd Hakim
Published: March 2023

Tariqah Naqshabandiyyah in Indonesia comprises several sects, each having a different style and character; one of them is Naqshabandiyyah Al Mrikiyah. The Naqshabandiyyah Al Mrikiyah sect is a tariqah group with an indigenous Javanese style and a teaching character that accommodates the culture and beliefs of the local community. This paper aims to explore the three realities that have developed among the Naqshabandiyyah Al Mrikiyah sect in adapting Javanese culture within its teachings and the meaning contained in each ritual. It includes the reconstruction of theosophical concepts, the development of alternative theosophical teachings according to the locality, and the exploration of the hermeneutical meanings contained in their teachings. The data for the study were generated from the Naqshabandiyyah Al Mrikiyah teaching books by reading, recording, and grouping theosophical teachings according to their characteristics and through interviews with members of the congregation regarding the Javanese philosophy. This study reveals that Naqshabandiyyah Al Mrikiyah developed the concept of theosophy by giving it an innovative and inclusive meaning to local culture. The Naqshabandiyyah Al Mrikiyah sect also offers an epistemology of the contextual meaning from religious texts with productive hermeneutics. This article recommends a massive study of the existing tariqah orders in Indonesia with a locality perspective to determine the acceptance of Indonesian society towards those tariqah orders. This article contributes to the conception and meaning of tariqah that comes with the prevailing local wisdom style, such as religious rituals performed by many tariqah orders in Indonesia.
Muslim-Christian Conflict and the Rise of Laskar Jihad: Tracing Islamophobia in Central Sulawesi – Indonesia
Authors: Nurish Amanah
Published: March 2023

This anthropological research investigates Muslim-Christian conflict and the rise of Laskar Jihad that affects Islamophobia in Central Sulawesi. Islamophobia appeared on the global political surface after the 9/11 tragedy, taking the world's attention to Muslim society. However, we cannot argue that, in recent decades, the media have depicted Muslim culture as backward, uneducated, bad, radical, terrorist, or with all negative images. Even so, Islam is often associated as a religion that supports violence and war. These illustrations depict Islamophobia as a global political threat. However, Islamophobia occurs not only in Western countries, but also in Indonesia, the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. This research explores the phenomenon of Islamophobia in Indonesia. The study focuses primarily on the island of Sulawesi, where the rise of Laskar Jihad organizations, Muslim-Christian conflict, violent extremism, and Islamophobia are interrelated. This research is based on an anthropological approach for which the author conducted fieldwork in Central Sulawesi. Data collection was also taken from online media that can be understood as digital anthropology. In addition, this research paper examines the theory of prejudice. Prejudice is discussed based on facts, but also from perceptions, actions, language, symbols, and the media, to individuals or groups. The research findings show that the first element of Islamophobia in Central Sulawesi is associated with the Muslim-Christian dispute in the late 1990s. Islamophobia's second element relates to the transnational Islamic movement and the rise of Laskar Jihad after reformation.
Female Competencies from the Narratives of the Qur’an: Queen of Sheba’s Crisis Management Style as a Leadership Model
Authors: Abbas Sanaa F. , Rawabdeh Maisaa Ali
Published: March 2023

This article examines the skills and competency of women in managing crises as narrated in the Holy Qur'an. The various kinds of crises (social, cultural, religious, and political crises) that exist in societies are illustrated in the Qur'an. It also gives different stories showing women's ability to manage and find solutions to crises. Among the different crises portrayed in the Qur'an, this article explicitly addresses the political crisis encountered by the Queen of Sheba (Bilqis) in her kingdom with Prophet Sulaiman (PBUH) as an example and how she managed it. It explains how the Queen managed the crisis with minimum loss through her leadership skills. A qualitative method is applied to analyze data derived from various sources such as theses, journals, and articles related to the principles of crisis management from an Islamic perspective and followed by exploring the crisis management models by being directed to the Al-Qur'an (the primary sources of Islam) and its interpretation. In this study, the political crisis, its management strategies, and its recovery results are analyzed. The study results show that women can be successful leaders with leadership characteristics, management, and personal skills.
The Prospect of Waqf in Financing Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Yemen
Authors: Saad Abdo Yousef Qaid , Mohammed Mustafa Omar , Al-Jubari Ibrahim , Ahamed Forbis
Published: March 2023

The role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in economic development has been duly recognised.  However, SMEs encounter a number of challenges.  The most pressing obstacle SMEs face is the lack of finance. Therefore, it is extremely important to find new and suitable finance sources in order to support SMEs either in their establishment or growth phases. Waqf is regarded one of the best sources of finance in the Islamic financial system. There is much potential in its use to finance SMEs financing. The present study explored the prospect of Waqf as an Islamic financial instrument to finance SMEs. It further examined a proposed modified Waqf model and whether it was applicable in Yemen. The study has adopted a qualitative method in the form of semi-structured interviews with 6 experts from Waqf institutions and from SMEs developmental institutions. The experts interviewed are mainly SMEs owners, Waqf directors and beneficiaries specialized in the areas of Waqf and SMEs.  The findings of the study indicate that Waqf appeared to be one of the most important instruments in financing such economic activities as it can play a crucial role in financing SMEs. Further, the study significantly contributed by suggesting a new method that will help in financing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Yemen. Thus, providing a finance for these firms will help to create more jobs for the low income, which in turn helps in the economic development.
POST-COVID SYNDROME: FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND MEDICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE COVID-19 SURVIVORS
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russia, Idrisova G.B. , Galikeeva A.Sh. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ufa, Russia, Valiev A.Sh. ,   MedFit LLC, Ufa, Russia
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced massive and drastic changes into healthcare. A significant part of the population has suffered a new coronavirus infection of varying severity and they need attention and follow-up at the outpatient level. Assessment and monitoring over functional status of the COVID-19 survivors is one of the important objectives of organizing medical rehabilitation in primary health and developing preventive measures. The purpose of the study is to analyze changes in functional status and assess rehabilitation potential of the COVID-19 survivors. Material and methods used include questionnaire survey, analytical and statistical analysis. Results. Based on the questionnaire, assessment of functional status of the COVID-19 survivors was carried out using a special scale, presence and degree of functional limitations were determined. According to the survey, 65.5% of the COVID-19 survivors did not feel any limitations in everyday life. Minor functional limitations were reported by 26.5% of the respondents, while an equal number of the respondents, 4% each, noted mild and moderate limitations of body functions. The COVID-19 survivors indicated the following symptoms: easy fatiguability - 33.3%, fatigue - 26%, shortness of breath on exertion (unusual) - 15%, “smell disorder” - 13%, and headache and joint pain - 12.4%; however, 36.7% of the respondents did not report any symptoms. After the disease, 50.8% of the respondents returned to their usual state, while 35% of the respondents chose the answer “rather yes than no”. 14.2% did not return to their usual state, choosing the answer “rather not” (8.5%) and “no” (5.7%). Rehabilitation measures in the first three months after the disease were carried out by 49.2% of the respondents (327 patients). Conclusion. Functional status of the COVID-19 survivors is largely determined by the initial state of somatic health, peculiar features of the biological and psychophysiological characteristics of a person, and a complex of external factors that allow the person to realize potential abilities to compensate for the existing functional limitations. Compliance with rehabilitation measures requires active participation of medical specialists in terms of quality control and correctness of their implementation. The data obtained can be used to organize primary care delivery both at the stage of rehabilitation and development of rehabilitation programs, as well as for the purpose of timely prevention of post-COVID conditions.
Evaluación bibliométrica de los estudios sobre los humedales marino costeros del Pacífico Sudamericano (2000-2019)
Authors:   , Rivera Llerena Gabriel Orlando
Published: March 2023

Los humedales son ecosistemas susceptibles a impactos antropogénicos; el análisis de la producción científica sobre estos ecosistemas puede ser utilizado como referencia para tomar medidas que faciliten su investigación y conservación. El objetivo del presente análisis bibliométrico fue evaluar la evolución temporal de las publicaciones científicas y las tendencias en los temas de investigación en los humedales marino-costeros de Ecuador, Perú y Chile. Se revisaron 411 artículos publicados en el periodo 2000 - 2019. Las áreas temáticas más frecuentes en producción científica se encontraron en las categorías de ‘aves’ y ‘otro tipo de fauna’ (20.7% y 19.2%); la diversidad de publicaciones encontradas fue similar, pero las proporciones de las áreas temáticas totales de cada país fueron distintas. Se muestra una tendencia creciente en la cantidad de trabajos publicados por año y se identifican las áreas temáticas que deben ser fortalecidas en Ecuador, Perú y Chile para estos ecosistemas.
Pérdida de nidos de piquero (Sula variegata) por hiperinfestación de garrapatas (Ornithodoros amblus) en la RNSIIPG determinada con cámaras de lapso de tiempo
Authors:   , Burga Dominguez Cristina Patricia
Published: March 2023

La severa infestación de garrapatas en las colonias de aves marinas ocasiona incomodidad en los adultos reproductivos, mortalidad de crías y abandono de nidos. En este estudio, se examinó la relación entre la infestación de garrapatas y el abandono de nidos de piqueros peruanos (Sula variegata) en seis localidades de la costa peruana entre agosto de 2016 y noviembre de 2018 con la ayuda de cámaras de lapso de tiempo. El porcentaje de ocurrencia de incomodidad de las aves en anidamiento (acicalarse y pararse sobre el nido) se usó como un indicador de infestación de garrapatas. Asimismo, se evaluó la densidad de garrapatas dentro y fuera de las colonias. En cinco de las seis colonias, se produjo un abandono completo de nidos en un intervalo de dos a tres semanas. El porcentaje de ocurrencia del comportamiento de incomodidad se relacionó exponencialmente con el porcentaje de abandono de nidos, sugiriendo que el fracaso en la reproducción estuvo relacionado con la hiperinfestación de garrapatas (Ornithodoros amblus). Esta conclusión fue reforzada por el hecho de que en una colonia en donde no se registró comportamiento de incomodidad no hubo abandono de nidos (53% de nidos exitosos, n = 17). La densidad de garrapatas fue mayor en el interior (X = 105.41 ± 92.8 garrapatas / 500 ml de guano) que en el exterior (X = 43.08 ± 39.8 garrapatas / 500 ml de guano) de las colonias recientemente abandonadas, lo que confirma que la deserción del nido del piquero peruano fue causada por hiperinfestación de garrapatas.
Unveil the Significance of the Thin Laminated Carbonate Layer in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Lipeng , Jiang Liwei , Shu Dongchu , Pan Yuanwei , Li Qingshan , Huang Yongjie , Wang Lizhi , Liu Yuan , Liu Peiwu
Published: March 2023

Many unconventional resources are featured with thin laminated layers in the reservoir. Though this feature is often considered the cause of reservoir heterogeneity, the actual influence from the laminated layers can be more significant. In a comprehensive study from Sichuan shale gas, we have found that the thin laminated shell limestone layer played a very important role for the well performance.

Sichuan shale gas is well known for its geological and geomechanical complexity. One of the formation sub-units, Wufeng, did not perform well enough according to its reservoir properties. Various evidence, including formation micro-image, core sample XRD and geomechanical analysis, shows that one laminated thin carbonate layer on the upper part of the Wufeng unit, often referred to as Guanyinqiao carbonate, could be the main reason for the under-performance of Wufeng unit. Due to the limited thickness, the lithology and geomechanical property are not fully well-captured or comprehended with traditional loggings and workflow. However, our new geomechanical results indicate that a much stronger stress barrier condition is in place for Wufeng, which provides a more realistic controlling mechanism of the hydraulic fractures. The following fracture modelling and reservoir numerical simulation indicates the impact from this lamina to the production is significant.

The direct conclusion of this study is that the existence of the thin lamina of shell limestone can play a vital role in Sichuan shale gas reservoirs. And as a recommended practice in the same region, the geomechanical measurement need to be calibrated with high resolution formation image log, based on which both horizontal lateral landing and multistage completion strategy can be optimized. This observation may also help the understanding of other unconventional reservoirs where similar laminations of carbonate are encountered, so that the proper geo-engineering approach may apply accordingly to justify the preferred exploration and appraisal practices.
Development of the 2D 3D Plastic Volumetric Strain Around a Borehole Using Elastoplastic and Thermo-Elastoplastic Modeling Approaches
Authors: Hamid Osman , Tawfiq Rowa
Published: March 2023

The applied forces on the wellbore axis lead to stress and strain concentration around it. These resultant stresses and strains will develop in the preferred orientation depending on the stress fault regime and will cause a rock failure in that direction. When these forces exceed the strength of the mechanical strength of the formation, the rock will fail otherwise, the yielded zones will be developed. The objective of this study is to model these yielded zones using elastoplastic and thermo-elastoplastic modeling approaches.

The finite element modeling (FEM) approach model will be used to predict the development of the yielded zone in terms of plastic volumetric strain. The Drücker-Prager (DP) and Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure criterion were used to characterize rock failure. Rock mechanical properties of tight sandstone formation, in-situ stresses, formation pressure, drilling mud weight properties, and temperature together with borehole information were used as input parameters. Different mud weight, rock strength, and temperature were used for sensitivity analysis.

2D/3D volumetric strain and yielded zones have been modeled around a borehole. The results showed the sensitivity of rock strength, mud weight density, and temperature variation on the size of the damage zones. The normalized yielded zone (NYZ) for all simulations was evaluated, while the critical NYZ results of one were plotted to quantify the degree of damage around the borehole.

The role of geomechanics in the damage mechanics has been analyzed by studying the rock failure mechanism using Mohr-Coulomb and Drücker-Drager failure criterion. This study uses elastoplastic and thermo-elastoplastic modeling approaches to evaluate the potential yielded failure around a borehole. The yielded zone sensitivity analysis showed that these potential failures depend on the geomechanical parameters, drilling fluid properties, and temperature differential between these fluids and reservoir rock. This work will provide strong recommendations for the controllable parameters such as mud weight density and drilling mechanics to avoid the development of damage zones around the wellbores.
An Empirical Multi-Disciplinary Workflow to Maximize Brown Field Reservoir Surveillance
Authors: Al Silwadi Basil
Published: March 2023

Reservoir surveillance data acquisition and reliability is a critical component to ensure optimum reservoir management is practiced to secure long term reservoir health and productivity. This study will focus on securing surveillance data achievements through the application of a systematic workflow and methodology. The subject field is highly brown with offshore surface and wellbore indfrastructure dating to the 1960s. Currently, well data is acquired through physical wellhead tower visits to divert wells or run monitoring equipment.

The field is a drop-shaped low-relief anticline, east to west orientation with a rounded dome-like eastern part and an elongated flatter western part. The General dip of the structure is one to two degrees to the west, and close to four degrees to the east. It is divided into two superimposed reservoirs, which are vertically isolated by a 100 feet thick non-reservoir dense interval. Both reservoirs are highly distinct in terms of sedimentology, architecture, and diagenesis.

The field is highly challenging through numerous bottlenecks to achieve reservoir surveillance including highly brown infrastructure, logistics, and high production targets. The resources currently available include three barges, two test vessels, five MPFM crews, two logging units, and nine wireline units with accompanying crews. These resources are required to perform operations for multiple disciplines including flow assurance teams for corrosion monitoring, well integrity teams, drilling teams for well securing, and reservoir management teams for surveillance data acquisition. Prior to implementing the systematic methodology, these teams were not synchronized and functioning independently to secure individual team KPIs. The different multi-disciplinary requirements are illustrated below.
Achieving Higher Productivity from Mishrif Reservoir with Multistage Completion Technology: Challenges, Solutions and Performance
Authors: Al-Sabea Salem , Patra Milan , AbuEida Abdullah , Ali Sulaiman Mohammad , Asthana Saurabh , Hadi Ahmed , Gholoum Saleh Mahdi , Singh Abhishek
Published: March 2023

Horizontal wells drilled in Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) targeting tight carbonate Mishref reservoir in West Kuwait Minagish development fields provided increased reservoir contact area leading to higher production rate and wider access to available hydrocarbon reserves. Large wellbore radius in these open hole horizontal laterals have resulted in increased friction losses during production phase. Later, with flow equalizing completion techniques, ultimate recovery from the reservoir increased and stable production was achieved during the early phase of the reservoir.

However, accessing these long horizontal laterals was a challenge and coiled tubing acidizing treatments helped achieve permeability improvements only upto a certain extent. Majority of the reservoir sections with lower permeability were unaccessed and left untreated. Limited pumping rates through coil tubing could achieve few inches of radial penetration into the formation due to limited amount of acid dosage in the stimulation design. It has also been observed that bullheading treated only the heel section of the horizontal well, especially in the case of carbonate formation where acid stimulation is considered for productivity improvement. Studies carried out via Production and Temperature logging concluded that large sections of the open hole lateral were not contributing to the production due to inefficient distribution of acid across the lateral.

Hence there was a need for a completion system which could target those unaccessed, relatively low permeable and untreated zones by providing positive mechanical diversion. With this completion technology, formation treating fluids can be pumped effectively and at maximum desired rates. As a part of the ongoing production strategy, Open Hole Multistage Completion (OHMSC) systems consisting of multiple frac sleeves flanked by open hole packers were deployed in multiple appraisal wells and achieved higher productivity in reduced time.

This paper will present details on challenges encountered during wellbore preparation and techniques implemented to deploy OHMSC system in Minagish field. The lessons learnt after executing the project and performance improvement to encounter more challenging reservoir and hole conditions in future are discussed in detail.
Operation Efficiency and Rig Performance Improvements through Data Analytics
Authors: Al Ady Ahmad , Franco Nata , Corona Mauricio , Dorantes Arnott
Published: March 2023

This paper is focus on the performance benefits when drilling data is streamed from rig sensors (high-frequency) and is integrated with daily drilling reports and well plans (low-frequency). The purpose is to systematically monitor and evaluate the performance of the entire rig fleet across the well construction process in the 20 land rigs drilling and completing oil and gas wells.

The first step is to segregate each activity in the well construction process in main categories to allow the system to recognize the operational sequence from all the historical wells. A set of KPIs are defined for each one of the activities and the benchmark is set. Both high-frequency and low-frequency data are quality checked and computed into the pre-defined KPIs. Through the systematic analysis approach, the indicators are reviewed and in-deep understanding of rig capabilities, crew performance, operational constrains and drilling tools efficiency is made available to the team members, accessed via web-based application or automated daily report.

With the help of the data coming from the rig sensors and the data collected from the daily drilling reports a perfect match result in a reliable source for the KPI generation is done. The procession of all the historical data provides a good insight to support the benchmark and proceed with the next step, which is the computation of the Invisible Lost Time, measuring the inefficiency of each one of the well construction activities. The drilling team takes appropriate actions using continuous improvement principles to identify waste and performance improvement opportunities. This also involves implementing all the best practices and introduce changes on the way we perform operations.

Improvement plans can be prepared for achieving greater operational efficiency by evaluating everyday performance against agreed benchmarks and extend technical limits of established well plans, generating automated best composite times for future wells. Additionally, cost saving initiatives are identified in underperforming areas, non-productive time, and invisible lost time operations. This performance-based approach along with the multi-rig analysis platform has been a tremendous improving tool in the project and greatly enhanced rig performance, and some of the cases and insights to be shared might mutually benefit other operators and service companies in the region.
A Holistic View for the Role of Digitalization of Corrosion Management and Monitoring Systems for Integrity Optimization
Authors: Fahmy Moustafa Mahmoud
Published: March 2023

Corrosion Management (CM) along with Risk Based Inspection (RBI) are inseparable elements of an Integrity Management System (IMS). Digital integration of CM and RBI is vital for the optimization of an IMS. Several market available software programs are developed to deliver this integration by interlinking the modules in a digital setting. Additionally, real-time will established monitoring systems including Ultrasonic Test (UT) wall thickness monitoring, online Probes and remote monitoring unites (RMU) for cathodic protection (CP) provides a continuous trend of the necessary data from critical systems and locations using wireless communication and visual correlation with other corrosion activity parameters. Market available software programs facilitates an integrated and holistic approach to corrosion, inspection, and integrity management.

The discussion in this article demonstrates the reduction in cost/resources associated with full changeout from manual regularly monitor application against using digitalized remote and real time monitoring systems at susceptible locations.

The approach used represents a corner stone in the integration and optimization of corrosion management and RBI systems. This is supported by a clear timeline for required corrective actions based on data provided by the real-time monitoring, which is the key element in decision making and successful planning. This will also lead to decrease in the time required and resources involved in the CM and inspection activities, while fulfilling integrity assurance, maintaining ease of installation and future expansion.

This article presents how the digitalization of integrated CM and RBI modules along with real time monitoring are exploited to enable proactive decision-making using data that is frequent and accurate, establish a transparent and standardized reporting and communication process, and enhance management engagement and modification for integrity investment, along the way, using wireless UT installation, online corrosion monitoring and RMU for cathodic protection are cost-effective, dependable and ready for expansion.
Beyond Standardization, Reaching Production Monitoring, Taking a Step Towards the Digitalization
Authors: Mokaddem Salma
Published: March 2023

The Tunisian Petroleum Activities Company (ETAP) conducts exploration, development and sales activities related to oil and gas as well as studies of technical and economic resources for projects relating to hydrocarbons.

The company currently operates through joint-venture agreements or sharing contracts of production signed with foreign companies,

Therefore, the monitoring and optimal use of production data becomes an increasingly important consideration.

The last decade has seen a proliferation of data in all functional aspects of the industry. Its management has important implications for the success of the company.
Corrosion Management Framework: A structured Approach to Managing Corrosion in Oil and Gas Facilities
Authors: Odinde Paschal , Ezeifedi Humphrey , Akanni Joseph , Anyachor Nnaemeka , Oladipo Alonge , Ohia Chibueze , Orajiaka Chinenye , Sangoyinka Habib , Onuorah Chris
Published: March 2023

The rising cost of corrosion is alarming especially in ageing oil and gas production facilities. This situation is necessitated majorly by absence of corrosion management framework (CMF) which is a blueprint for identification and mitigation of common threats associated with corrosion in production assets. This paper explores the gains, challenges and improvement areas arising from development and implementation of robust corrosion management framework in fifty (50) oil and gas facilities.

The CMF was developed and implemented using threat identification, barrier design and barrier maintenance philosophy. The result of the CMF implementation revealed that most of these facilities are laced with unmitigated corrosion threats which predisposes the assets to hydrocarbon leaks. The results also provide insight as per the status of the pressure equipment, information for development of risk-based inspection plan and continuous improvement of corrosion management system. Some of the challenges encountered in effective CMF implementation for these facilities includes incompleteness of inspection data, unavailability of design data, absence of leadership commitment, competence gap and cost. This study has shown that CMF implementation is very critical in demonstrating sustainable asset integrity management and return on investment (ROI). However, to deepen the gains of CMF implementation in asset integrity management, there is need to have a well-defined roles and responsibilities, clear leadership commitment, visible corrosion management policy, digitalization of corrosion and inspection data acquisition, as well as competence development.
Multi-Surveys Merge by Dynamic Warping
Authors: Tan Chenqing , Wang Yongsheng , Wu Chuan , Li Xiang , Tong Yanming , Dong Yongcang , Shi Heng , Niu Quanbing , Cui Jie , Dai Xiangfeng , Xiong Pi
Published: March 2023

The Yingxiongling structural belt is located in the south of the world's highest-altitude petroliferous basin, Qaidam Basin. The complete understanding and interpretation for the entire survey is becoming significantly more important for exploration well deployment. Survey merging has become urgent given the rising demand for further exploration and production in the area. In this paper, we have merged five blocks in the northwest into one. Dynamic warping plays a key role for post-migration data merge. With proper application of this technology and sophisticated model editing, we can minimize the time differences between different blocks. Finally, we provided a good subsurface seismic image for the further exploration evaluation of the Yingxiongling structural belt.
Integrated OBN Seismic Acquisition & Processing Technology in Complex Shallow Water
Authors: Yu Yaoping , Wang Wei , Zhang Junkai , Luo Minxue , Tong Liqing , Zhang Junlong , Xiao Quancai
Published: March 2023

In 2022, BGP carried out a high-density 3D seismic acquisition project in the Caspian Sea. The water depth ranges from 6.5m to 40m in the survey area. It is a complex offshore oil field with many operational challenges to face, numerous densely distributed platforms and subsea oil pipelines, the various water depth caused submarine volcano and difficult final processing imaging. This paper tends to present results of the integrated OBN acquisition and processing for this challenging survey. For field acquisition, a suitable geometry was designed to meet geological objectives, and field operational scheme was optimized considering in the congested oil field with flexibility of ocean nodes; The quality control technology of massive node data was applied, which provided a powerful guarantee for data quality. For data processing, integrated seismic processing strategy was performed to ensure final imaging for this complex shallow data and initial results have encouraged structural seismic images profitable to interpretation.
Failure Analysis of PCP Due to Sudden Gas Breakthrough in CBM Well : A Case Study
Authors: Rajvanshi Saurabh , Nischal Rajiv , Prasad Bulusu V. R. V , Yadav Mahendra Prasad , Kumar Manish , Gaur Devendra Pratap , Sethi Divyansh
Published: March 2023

Progressing Cavity Pump (PCP) is a well-known artificial lift mode which is widely used for dewatering of coal bed methane (CBM) wells because it has good sand & gas handling capacity and better performance in deviated well in comparison to other rod pumps. However, compatibility of elastomer in downhole condition is always a challenging task for PCP operation. In this study, failure analysis of PCP well # A from ONGC field has been done in detail and suggest suitable remedial measures for multiple challenges.

In well # A, high torque was observed during dewatering and after that sucker rod unscrewed. During work over it was observed that rotor got stuck up in the stator due to damage of elastomer. Based on reservoir study, it was found that unexpected gas breakthrough occurred from upper coal seam. Pump was placed above the upper coal seam therefore gas directly entered at the pump intake and elastomer got damaged. Another issue was high rod-tubing contact load due to highly deviated profile of the well. One guide per rod configuration was adopted for this well which is not enough to protect rod and tubing where maximum contact load simulated in standard software. The depth of failure of sucker rod is exactly matching with the depth of the maximum rod-tubing contact load.

Based on two main challenges- high rod-tubing contact load & gas interference, different approaches have given in this study for safe pump operation keeping in view the field constraints.

For high rod-tubing contact load, conclusions are drawn in this study with respect to important parameters causing significant effect. Suitable type and accurate configuration of rod guides are also suggested in this study.

For gas interference problem, natural gas anchoring, tail pipe and use of different types of gas anchors have been compared and discussed to mitigate challenges in view of solid fines. Suitable elastomer type is also suggested depending on the well parameters.

In case of multiple and complex problems observed in the well, this study gives novel idea to increase mean time between failure (MTBF) of PCP for dewatering of CBM wells in a relatively simple and effective manner.
Pushing the Limits: One Bit, One Section South Iraq Deep Well Case Study
Authors: Alsaad Ali Tareq , Ali Muhammad , Zhaohe Gai , Ge Wang
Published: March 2023

Cost and operation effective selection of drilling Bits to drill the HPHT Wells sections in Block-09 field in one run with optimum parameters.

Improvement in drilling performance leading to reduction in drilling time and costs without compromising the deliverability of well, is the primary objective of drilling engineers. Some of the major challenges faced by drilling engineers are drilling of hard and abrasive formations and selection of durable bits lasting for long while drilling each hole section. Traditionally in this part of south Iraq multiple Tricones and PDC bits were used for each section resulting in long tripping and drilling time. With recent advancement in drilling bits designs and careful and systematic approach for bits selection, these issues have been addressed and tremendous time and cost benefits have been realized.

This paper will provide insight into the drilling bits performance for HPHT Wells which have been used in Block-09 field and optimization of bits design to drill and tackle the issues faced in each section with achievement of one bit per section successfully. Dull grading comparison of the bits with offsets wells will be discussed. The optimum bits are then selected by performing a more through response- by-response comparison and how this comparison has been used for next bits selection and outcome of this selection will be presented, in addition the latest technology in bits industry has been benchmarked.

The paper will also review the formation types drilled in this block of south Iraq and will help to understand drilled formations and bits design relationship for drilling problematic zones especially sections containing Chert, high strength rocks, anhydrates, Asphaltene and argillaceous Limestone.

This paper will discuss the technical challenges which results in major borehole limiters, the engineering design and the Realtime practices that have been developed, as well as the field results.

This paper presents the accomplishment, experience and lessons learned related drilling in block-9 field south Iraq area where reduction in drilling time from 141 days to around 63 days is an outstanding outcome of "Pushing the Limits" concept and achieving one bit, one section target.
An Experimental Approach of a Robust Polymer Gels for Water Shutoff Applications in Carbonate Formations
Authors: Alabdrabalnabi Mohammed Ibrahim , Almohsin Ayman Mohammed , Busaleh Ahmed Sami , Alharbi Bader Ghazi
Published: March 2023

Controlling unwanted water production is the key for the oil and gas industry. Consequently, water shutoff (WSO) fluids were introduced to favorably plug high permeability water zones or fractures and thereby reducing the water cut. Polymer gels have been utilized extensively to minimize undesired water production, especially from oil producers. Herein we present the study of gelation kinetics of an organically crosslinked polymer (OCP) gel with an adsorption system from intermediate to high reservoir temperatures.

In this study, we utilized a cost-effective and environmentally acceptable fluid system. The fluid consists of polymer gel and adsorption constituents for carbonate formations. The system can be pumped downhole to the targeted zones as a single-phase solution with low initial viscosity. A systematic evaluation of the polymer gel for WSO applications is conducted at varied reservoir conditions. This includes a thorough examination of fluid properties at surface conditions before gelation starts, at which the system is referred to as gellant. Furthermore, we studied the properties during and after gelation kicks off at a wide range of temperatures. The emphasis of the experimental investigation was on the kinetics of OCP gelation through performing several rheology experiments at various crosslinker concentrations.

The analysis revealed that the viscosity of the gellant at standard conditions was less than 20 cP; thereby, this contributes positively to having smooth surface mixing and pumping requirements for field testing. Based on reservoir temperature and cooling effect, the gelation time can be optimized by altering crosslinker concentrations. At fixed temperatures and varied crosslinker ratios, the gelation time exhibited a linear relationship with crosslinker concentrations. Additionally, the gelation time against temperature experienced an exponential behavior with reversible proportionality. By plotting the acquired data from massive rheological tests, we managed to attain precise correlations of gelation time for each OCP formulation. The gel prevailed in a high thermal stability fluid system to be gelled at a temperature of more than 250°F. Based on the presented lab observations, we concluded that this polymer gel system is expected to be trial tested in the field as WSO fluid for carbonate rocks.

The OCP gel is a promising technology to mitigate excess water production from oil producers. Since the system has a low initial viscosity, it can be injected naturally in porous media. The presented work offers an insightful polymer gel system as a WSO fluid designed for treating carbonate rocks.
Out of the Box or Back to the Basics: A Case History of Retrieving Stuck Coil Tubing
Authors: Ahmed Hassaan , Rashid Kamran , Ansari Muhammad Mubashir Yousaf , Ahmed Muneeb , Ali Syed Dost , Khokhar Saad , Yousuf Arif
Published: March 2023

A high-profile and major contributor exploratory well was at the verge of being a work-over candidate due to badly stuck coil tubing (CT) inside wellbore during routine well intervention operations. The situation got even worst when pin hole was established in CT string inside wellbore. The conventional and primary mechanism to release such CT is to operate hydraulic disconnect, which is an integral part of bottomhole motorhead assembly (MHA), by means of applying desired differential hydraulic pressure however, presence of pin hole restricted the desired differential pressure to communicate at motorhead assembly and to operate it. This work highlighted the importance of "back to the basics" phrase when conventional operating procedures failed to be executed and hence termed as "out of the box solution for coiled tubing retrieval". The method proposed in this work can be used by oil and gas professionals as the last resort to retrieve stuck coil tubing with complications like pin hole and failed hydraulic activation mechanism which will certainly avoid major cost exposure and operations complexities associated with rig assisted work-over.

In order to activate the hydraulic disconnect inside motorhead assembly of stuck coil tubing, depth of point of communication was estimated, inside volume of coiled tubing upto point of communication was calculated, additional pressure requirement to operate motorhead assembly was identified and heavy mud was pumped at a very slow rate in order to create hydraulic imbalance across coil tubing. Additional pressure due to hydraulic imbalance across coiled tubing was not sufficient to operate motorhead assembly therefore once the heavy mud reached point of communication; by calculation; high pressure pumping was performed in order to give high pressure pulses to motorhead assembly with a hope to activate and release it. All the theoretical calculations and planning based on above went as per plan and coiled tubing was successfully released.

The proposed principle of stuck Coil Tubing retrieval is new to oil industry as no literature has been found related to it. It not only saved a high profile well from expensive work-over operation but also the reputation of the exploration and production and service companies involved.

The novel approach presented in this paper is inherited from the concepts of fluid mechanics and has been successfully implemented. This methodology has all the merit to be included in the International Well Control Forum (IWCF) as the well control methodology for the stuck coil tubing with pinhole deeper into the well.
Reducing Adsorption of a Gemini Surfactant on Carbonate Rocks Using Low Salinity Water
Authors: Kalam Shams , Abu-Khamsin Sidqi A. , Gbadamosi Afeez Olayinka , Patil Shirish , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Hussain S. M. Shakil , Shalabi Emad Al
Published: March 2023

Surfactants are widely employed in chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) technique. The economics of a cEOR project is directly impacted by the amount of surfactant loss caused by adsorption on a rock. Therefore, surfactant adsorption reduction is imperative. Both static and dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to test the adsorption reduction of a novel Gemini surfactant on Indiana limestone. This novel surfactant is tolerant to high-salinity and high-temperature environments.

Low salinity water was made by diluting sea water ten times. The salinity of Low salinity water was 6771 ppm. Rock characterization was performed first using XRD. Static adsorption tests were run using a crushed rock sample. Whereas core flood experiments were conducted to determine the dynamic adsorption behavior. High-performance liquid chromatography integrated with an evaporative light scattering detector was employed to calculate the unknown concentration of the surfactant.

The effect of both high and low salinity water along with Gemini surfactant was investigated on the static adsorption of Gemini surfactant on Indiana limestone. It was shown that high salinity conditions result in the adsorption reduction in comparison with Gemini surfactant in deionized water. However, the use of low salinity water in the aqueous solution of Gemini surfactant further results in reducing surfactant adsorption. Dynamic adsorption test on Indiana limestone was found consistent with static tests. The ultimate reduced adsorption value of Gemini surfactant on Indiana limestone was found to be 0.11 mg/g-rock using low salinity conditions in dynamic experiments. Such low value lies under the economic limit, making a chemical EOR process efficient and economical. The novelty of this work is the use of low-salinity water in reducing the adsorption of a Gemini surfactant on Indiana limestone. The use of such a technique helps industrialists and researchers in designing an efficient and economical chemical EOR process.