bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A PROTEÇÃO INTEGRAL DOS ÓRFÃOS TERAPÊUTICOS: A VULNERABILIDADE DA SAÚDE DAS CRIANÇAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE NOVOS MEDICAMENTOS
Authors: Thomasi Tanise Zago , Varella Marcelo Dias
Published: May 2019

Esse artigo analisa o desenvolvimento dos medicamentos pediátricos, estudando, para tanto, o que pode ser considerado desrespeitoso ao direito à saúde infantil, diante da vulnerabilidade das crianças em âmbito internacional e interno. Utilizando um método empírico, o artigo identifica e destaca as práticas farmacêuticas empregadas (conhecidas como “off label” e extrapolação de doses) e sua contrariedade à proteção integral dos seres em desenvolvimento. Os critérios qualitativo e quantitativo utilizados, revelaram omissão informacional aos consumidores de tais fármacos, pois rótulos e bula nacionais, não mencionam a técnica da bioequivalência empregada na sua elaboração. Internamente, problematizamos a atuação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, a Anvisa, a partir do recente caso conhecido como “importação da asparaginase chinesa pelo Ministério da Saúde brasileiro”. A carência de autonomia da vontade dos menores de idade, impõe redefinições jurídicas quanto à vida, à privacidade, sua discriminação, proibição de tratamentos desumanos e degradantes impactando no seu direito à informação. Contudo, a presente controvérsia envolvendo o tratamento médico infantil, ou seja, a ausência de segurança e eficácia da respectiva droga (asparaginase), não é exclusiva dela. Ao contrário, é característica da grande maioria dos medicamentos pediátricos, desprovidos de comprovação científica adequada, originando a expressão “órfãos terapêuticos”. Concluímos, que os protocolos médicos envolvendo menores de idade são negligenciados, não havendo regulamento nacional específico exaustivo sobre o assunto.
Smoking and COPD: Endothelium-Related and Neuro-mediated Emphysema Mechanisms
Authors: Nevzorova Vera , Brodskaya Tatiana , Gilifanov Eugeny
Published: May 2019

This chapter describes endothelium-related and neuro-mediated mechanisms of emphysema development in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking on the basis of previously completed studies, literature data, and own researches. As components of neurogenic inflammation in the processes of tissue remodeling in emphysema, we describe the distribution and activity of the substance P, neurokinin-1 and its receptor, tissue metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the lungs during the entire experimental period, the modeling of COPD in rats with a smoking model. We also analyzed the content of neurokinin system markers, the localization, and markers of tissue metalloproteinases in human lung tissue structures. We have confidence that there is a special morphofunctional continuum of development of lower respiratory tract remodeling in response to chronic exposure to tobacco smoke and the development of inflammation in COPD. New data suggest that imbalance of neuro-mediated interactions, alteration of vasomotoric signaling mechanisms, secretion, mucociliary clearance, cytoprotection involving substance P-dependent components with impaired content, and development of dystopia of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors are involved in the initiation of morphological restructuring. Research in this direction should be continued to allow approaches to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for emphysema.
News from the Field
Authors: Free David
Published: May 2019

2019 ACRL Value of Academic Libraries Travel ScholarshipsJohns Hopkins University Press partners with AltmetricLYRASIS and Duraspace announce mergerNISO publishes updated Transfer Code of PracticeEBSCO releases Music Index with Full TextResources for College Libraries call for reviewersDraft ACRL Impactful Scholarship and Metrics Framework feedback
Poverty rate in Africa and information access: The case of the Internet
Authors: Igwe Prince Jacon
Published: May 2019

Information is key to basic survival in society. No civilization ever left that out in its existence. In fact, those who had greater access to information were known to have been more successful in war, infrastructures, commerce, and trade. However, we’re not living in the ancient times, and this fact brings both relief and worries. Relief because there are greater and more advanced infrastructures put together these days to transmit information. Worries because even at this point of development around the world, these infrastructures aren’t accessible to most people for one reason or the other. And this is exactly the case of the Internet in Africa today.
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: May 2019

Top novelsBook format popularityPodcast popularityInterlibrary loans via OCLCPostsecondary enrollment
Optimum virtual environment for solving cognitive tasks by individuals with autism spectrum disorders: The questions and methods of design
Authors: Bystrova-Yurievna Tatiana , Tokarskaya-Valerievna Ludmila , B. Vuković Darko
Published: May 2019

The number of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is growing in Russia and the world at large. It is important to find ways to diagnose and correct the work with such individuals. There is much evidence that children with ASDs often exhibit pronounced communicative difficulties, problems in establishing visual contact etc. Specialists working with this category of patients face serious difficulties in trying to find effective ways to interact with them. The use of virtual reality environments that have the necessary parameters, determined theoretically, experimentally, and practically, can mitigate these difficulties. The study has shown that, at present, there is much experience in the field of virtual reality application while working with children who have ASDs. Nevertheless, there are several unspecified issues. First, as far as the perception of virtual reality by people with ASDs are concerned, it is especially important to study them. Of much importance are the peculiarities of their states associated with virtual reality, while solving cognitive tasks during diagnostic and corrective work stage, as well as in obtaining education. It is necessary to choose the right methods of visualization and interaction in a virtual environment. The focal point of the article is to justify the project of creating a virtual reality for the diagnosis and socialization of individuals with ASDs, i.e., its structure, stages and methods. In addition, the work is of interest in connection with the research of the phenomenon of presence in virtual reality.
A review of neurophysiological and genetic correlates of emotional intelligence
Authors: Kosonogov Vladimir , Vorobyeva Elena , Kovsh Ekaterina , Ermakov Pavel
Published: May 2019

The article is an overview of modern studies of brain organization and genetic correlates of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is becoming the subject of more and more attentive study of psychologists due to the fact that it influences the mental development of humans, plays an important role in many professions, and its impairment is a marker of some disorders. Nevertheless, the brain organization and genetic correlates of emotional intelligence have not been studied enough – first studies appeared only in the early 2000s. A review of the literature on the enceph-alographic showed that in rest, people with higher emotional intelligence show greater excitation of the left anterior regions of the brain. When per-ceiving affective stimuli, participants with high emotional intelligence show stronger synchronization of some EEG rhythms. Brain mapping technique made it possible to identify the areas of the brain involved in activities related to emotional intelligence. In regard to genetic correlates of emotional intelligence, some genes of neurotransmitter systems have been associated to this trait: the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene COMT, the dopamine DRD2 receptor gene, the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A, and the BDNF brain neurotrophic factor gene.
MJERENJE ZADOVOLJSTVA OSIGURANIKA I KORISNIKA PRAVA USLUGAMA FONDA PIO RS
Authors: Milić Mladen , Vrhovac Dražen
Published: May 2019

Osnovna svrha ovog rada jeste ocjena zadovoljstva osiguranika i korisnika pravauslugama Fonda za penzijsko i invalidsko osiguranje Republike Srpske. Istraživanjeje zasnovano na prikupljanju primarnih podataka primjenom tehnike anketiranja iprovodi se u Fondu najmanje dva puta u toku godine u svim organizacionimjedinicama, odnosno u šest filijala i pedesetjednoj poslovnici. Upitnik je oblikovan naosnovu istraživanja koje je provelo Odjeljenje za odnose sa javnošću u toku 2015.godine. Upi-tnik se sastoji iz pitanja o zadovoljstvu uslugom, cijenom usluge, rokomrješavanja zahtjeva po bilo kom osnovu i ukupnim odnosom zaposlenih premaklijentima. U toku sprovedenog istraživa-nja od ispitanika je prikupljeno tri stotineispravno popunjenih anketnih upitnika.U toku analize prikupljenih podataka Odjeljenje za odnose sa javnošću koristiloje metodu de-skriptivne statističke analize. Rezultati sprovedene analize pokazuju dasu anketirani ispitanici najzadovoljniji kada je u pitanju brzina usluge i urednostosoblja, nešto manje rokom rješavanja zahtjeva, dok su najmanje zadovoljni sacijenom usluge. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu dopri-nijeti postojećim saznanjimao zadovoljstvu klijenata uslugama u Fondu. Pored toga, rezultati ovog istraživanjatreba da daju i određene smjernice menadžmentu Fonda u poslovnom odlučivanju,nakon čega će realizacija usvojenih odluka dovesti do unapređenja poslovanja ipodiza-nja zadovoljstva klijenata na viši nivo.
MEHANIČKA SVOJSTVA HIRURŠKIH KONACA DOBIJENIH OD RAZLIČITIH TIPOVA POLIMERNIH MATERIJALA
Authors: Kojić Dejan , Budinski Simendić Jaroslava , Erceg Tamara , Vukić Nevena , Jovičić Mirjana , Pavličević Jelena , Bera Oskar
Published: May 2019

Hirurški konci su niti materijala namenjeni za ušivanje oštećenog tkiva (rana) ilipodvezivanje (ligiranje) krvnih sudova. U ovom radu proučavana su mehaničkasvojstva hirurških konaca dobijenih od različitih tipova polimernih materijala.Prikazani su i tehnološki postupci dobijanja osnovnih vlakana za proizvodnjuhirurških konca. Analizirani su uzorci: monofilamentnih neresorptivnih konaca (naosnovu poliamida, polipropilena, politetrafluoretilena i polivinilfluorida),multifilamentnih konaca (na osnovu poliamida, svile i poliestera), resorptivnihmultifilamentnih hirurških konaca (na osnovu poliglikolne kiseline i poliglikonata) iresorptivnih monofilamentnih hirurških konaca na osnovu polidioksanona. Određenesu prekidne čvrstoće i prekidna izduženja neresorptivnih konaca i čvrstoće u čvoruresorptivnih konaca.
UČESTALOST UTVRĐIVANjA PROMENA NA PARENHIMATOZNIM ORGANIMA TOKOM ULTRAZVUČNOG PREGLEDA GENITALNOG TRAKTA
Authors: ĆIBIĆ Strahinja , PAVLOVIĆ Miloš
Published: May 2019

Ultrazvučna Real time 2D diјagnostika, kao dostupna i neinvazivna metoda, sauspehom se koristi u medicini, veterini i biologiјi, za diјagnostiku kako fizioloških tako i patološkihstanja. Kod malih životinja, ultrazvuk se često koristi u diјagnostici graviditeta, broјa, veličine ivitalnosti fetusa, kao i za postavljanje diјagnoze patoloških stanja koјa se odviјaјu u genitalnomtraktu, a kod muških јoš i za pregled statusa testisa i prostate. Napredna primena ultrazvučnediјagnostike јe dovela do toga da se u današnje vreme slobodno mogu povezati broјna patološkastanja reproduktivnog trakta kako ženskih, tako i muških životinja, koјa direktno utiču nazdravstveno stanje ostalih unutrašnjih organa. Cilj ovog rada јe diјagnostika primarnih poremećaјagenitalnog trakta putem ultrazvučne diјagnostike, kao i dokazivanje njihove povezanosti sapromenama na parenhimatoznim organima. Ultrazvučni pregled izvršen јe na ukupno 12 pasa, šestmužјaka i šest ženki. Јaјnici, materice i abdominalni organi su pregledani sondama u opsegu od 5do 8 MHz. Za pregled prostate i testisa јe korišćena sonda od 7,5 MHz. Paciјenti su bili položeni uležeći položaј. Od pregledanih šest mužјaka, tri su imala promene na prostati, dok јe јedan pas imaotumor testisa. Kod ovih pasa su takođe primećeni cistitis i hiperplaziјa prostate. Od šest pregledanihženki, јedna јe imala cističnu hiperplaziјu endometriјuma, tri su imale piometru, dok јe kod јednediјagnostikovana folikularna cista јaјnika. Pored ovih patoloških stanja, utvrđene su promene na јetrii pankreasu. Ultrazvučnom diјagnostikom se pored primarnih promena na genitalnom traktu kakomužјaka tako i ženki, mogu vizuelizovati i posledične promene na parenhimatoznim organima.
HAEMATOLOGICAL STATUS IN CATS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE: EFFECT OF A RENAL DIET
Authors: PARAŠ Smiljana , PARAŠ Goran , LUKAČ Bojan , ČEGAR Igor
Published: May 2019

Chronic renal failure is a disease characterized by decreased kidney function andtherefore a change in haematological parameters in cats. In our work we analyzed the hematologicalparameters, course of renal disease and the lifespan of cats suffering from chronic renalinsufficiency. The aim of the study was to compare the haematological parameters of cats sufferingfrom CRF, fed a renal diet; cats suffering from CRF not fed a renal diet and cats that were completelyhealthy. Then, the importance of using CRF-approved food for diseased cats and the effectivenessof its application was determined.The study included a total of 60 cats, divided into three groups. The blood parameters of cats usedin our study were: erythrocytes, thrombocytes, total leucocytes, differential leukocyte, hemoglobinconcentration, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, creatinine and urea. The study lasted for three yearsat the Veterinary Ambulance for pets "MIM COOP" Banja Luka.The study data were statistically analyzed using a T-test (p<0.05) and Pearson's correlationcoefficient. The results of our study show that the mean values of haematological parameters in thegroup of cats that did not use a renal diet for cats suffering from CRF were different statisticallyfrom other two groups of cats: the group that used a renal diet for cats suffering from CRF andcontrol groups of cats. Also, cats that used а renal diet have better quality of life and live longer thancats that did not receive this diet. Dietetic food recover kidneys of the cats suffering from CRF.
INTESTINAL NEMATODES IN DOGS AND CATS IN BANJA LUKA, REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Authors: STEVANOVIĆ Oliver , TODOROVIĆ Marinko , TOMIĆ Obren , RENDIĆ Kristina , BOŽIĆ Ljiljana , ŠMITRAN Aleksandra , NEDIĆ Drago
Published: May 2019

Some intestinal nematodes of dogs and cats show zoonotic potential, and therefore theyare of public-health significance. In the territory of the city of Banja Luka, 149 samples wereexamined (131 of dogs and 18 cats), with 40 samples of dog feces collected from two public areasin the city. Parasitological examination (saturated zinc sulfate floatation and determination of larvaeand adult parasites in feces) resulted in the following data: Toxocara canis (9.16%),Ancylostomatidae (5.34%), Trichuris vulpis (7.63%), Toxascaris leonina (1.52%), Toxocara cati(33.3%), Trichuris spp. (5.5%) and Hydatigera taeniaeformis (5.5%). On the basis of the obtainedresults we can conclude that the intestinal nematodes are more widespread than is generallyassumed and therefore represent a health problem for dogs and cats in the territory of Banja Luka.
Possible differences in efficiency of guide RNA with different spacer sequence in CRISPR knock-down or knock-out of particular gene
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: May 2019

Cluster regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) mediated genome editing has emerged as the dominant technique for modulating the expression of target genes. Specifically, when coupled with different effectors, CRISPR could be utilized to either activate or repress gene expression. Specificity of the CRISPR gene editing method arises from the unique spacer sequence in guide RNA that mediates the specific localization of Cas9 endonuclease to particular stretches of DNA. However, complementary base pairing between the guide RNA and template DNA depends critically on existence of protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence immediately downstream of the spacer sequence. Such three nucleotide PAM sequence could be present at multiple loci in a given gene, which meant that different spacer sequence could be incorporated in guide RNA design to target the same gene. Given that different spacer sequences have different binding affinities to template DNA, differences could exist in the efficiency in which CRISPR-Cas9 could be guided to generate a double strand break in a particular gene locus. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli as experimental system, this study sought to understand if differences in targeting efficiency exist between guide RNA with different spacer sequence that could target the same gene. Fluorescent intensity of cells at the population level would serve as readout of the targeting efficiency. For example, spacer sequence in guide RNA that could better activate the endonuclease activity of Cas9 would result in lower fluorescent intensity of GFP. To check for the effect of expression mode on targeting efficiency of guide RNA, GFP gene would be expressed on a plasmid in E. coli as well as integrated into the genome of the bacterium. Doing so would provide critical information on whether the CRISPR-Cas9 system has differentiated efficacy in generating double strand breaks in genomic versus plasmid DNA. Such information would inform future experimental design involving CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology as well as hold implications on how CRISPR evolved as an adaptive immune system in defending bacterial cells against foreign DNA. Given the goal of the study to understand the relative extent in which a target gene would be disrupted by CRISPR-Cas9 guided by different spacer sequence on guide RNA, no repair module for the target gene would be provided. Collectively, multiple occurrence of PAM sequence in a target gene meant that different spacer sequences could be used in CRISPR-Cas9 to downregulate gene expression. Relative efficacies of different spacer sequence in guide RNA in achieving targeted gene inactivation remain poorly understood and constitutes the basis of this study, which hopefully would provide guidance on the selection of specific spacer sequence that would yield the most efficacious disruption of gene expression at the genome and plasmid level.
Coupling and metabolic analysis of urbanization and environment between two resource-based cities in North China
Authors: Chen Hao , Xu Linyu , Cao Qingqing , Huang Miansong , Song Minghua , Quan Quan , Liu Jian
Published: May 2019

Background

The complex relationship between urbanization and environment in resource-based cities is of increasing concern.

Methods

As typical examples of rapid economic growth, obvious urbanization, and successful transformed production models, the cities of Dongying and Binzhou in Yellow River Delta High-tech Economic Zone were chosen for research. First, this study examines the coupling relationship between urbanization and the environment over the last seventeen years using the coupling degree model. Second, the emergy analysis method is used to further study the energy metabolism and environmental load in the two cities to reveal these couplings.

Results

Dongying and Binzhou were well-coupled and the coupling coordination degree was in the stage of mild coordination coupling showing an upward trend. The total metabolic energy of the two cities increased yearly from 2000 to 2016, and the emergy extroversion ratio data showed the cities’ dependence on external elements such as continuously increased imported resources. The total emergy used in the two cities showed an upward trend during 2000 and 2016, while the emergy per capita consumption increased significantly, suggesting that the society’s energy efficiency improved. During the same period, the environmental loading ratio increased gradually, and the elements causing the environmental load shifted from internal to external.

Discussion

The study shows that the factors of environmental load in developing cities are gradually shifting from internal to external, which is vital to understanding the impact of urban transformation and upgrading of resource-based cities on the environment.
Structural insights into the mechanism of single domain VHH antibody binding to cortisol
Authors: Ding Lulu , Wang Ziying , Zhong Peiyu , Jiang He , Zhao Zhixuan , Zhang Yiran , Ren Zhen , Ding Yu
Published: May 2019

To date, few structural models of VHH antibody binding to low molecular weight haptens have been reported. Here, we report the crystal structure of cortisol binding to its VHH antibody NbCor at pH 3.5 and 10.5. Cortisol binds to NbCor mainly by burying itself under the tunnel formed by the complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1) of NbCor. The affinity of NbCor binding to cortisol and similar compounds was also verified by a microscale thermophoresis assay. Combining our findings with several previously reported structures of hapten‐VHH antibody complexes, we propose that VHH antibodies exhibit a special mechanism of binding small haptens by encapsulating them in a tunnel formed by CDR1. Our findings provide useful structural information for the further development and optimization of hapten‐specific VHH antibodies.
Discordance in monozygotic Parkinson's disease twins – continuum or dichotomy?
Authors: Balck Alexander , Borsche Max , Kasten Meike , Lohmann Katja , Seibler Philip , Brüggemann Norbert , Klein Christine
Published: May 2019

Differences in concordance rates between monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been used to estimate genetic influences in PD pathogenesis. We hypothesized that “discordance” may not in all cases adequately reflect the multifaceted disease manifestation of PD that involves a continuum from prodromal to definite PD. Deep clinical phenotyping, combining motor, nonmotor, and imaging modalities in five monozygotic, seemingly discordant twin pairs revealed motor and/or nonmotor features and/or nigral hyperechogenicity in all of the five putatively unaffected twins. In conclusion, our data suggest that concordance rates in monozygotic twins may be higher than previously appreciated.
The Role of Underlayers and Overlayers in Thin Film BiVO4 Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: García‐Tecedor Miguel , Cardenas‐Morcoso Drialys , Fernández‐Climent Roser , Giménez Sixto
Published: May 2019

Light‐driven water splitting with metal oxide semiconductor materials to produce H2 constitutes one of the most promising energy conversion technologies built on solar power. BiVO4 stands out as one of the most attractive metal oxides with reported photocurrents close to its theoretical maximum of 7.5 mA cm−2 at 1 sun illumination. The present work addresses the state‐of‐the‐art strategies to enhance the performance of this material for water oxidation by heterostructuring with different underlayer (SnO2 and WO3) and overlayer (NiOOH/FeOOH, Co–Pi, Co–Fe Prussian Blue derivative) materials, with particular emphasis on the physico‐chemical mechanisms responsible for the reported enhancements.
Doped N‐Type Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Based on Faux‐Hawk Fullerene
Authors: Liu Shiyi , DeWeerd Nicholas J. , Reeves Brian J. , San Long K. , Dahal Drona , Radha Krishnan Raj Kishen , Strauss Steven H. , Boltalina Olga V. , Lüssem Björn
Published: May 2019

Faux‐hawk fullerenes are promising candidates for high‐performance organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). They show dense molecular packing and high thermal stability. Furthermore, in contrast to most other C60 derivates, functionalization of the fullerene core by the fluorinated group C6F4CF2 does not increase their lowest unoccupied orbital position, which allows the use of air‐stable molecular n‐dopants to optimize their performance. The influence of n‐doping on the performance of OFETs based on the faux‐hawk fullerene 1,9‐C60(cyclo‐CF2(2‐C6F4)) (C60FHF) is studied. An analytic model for n‐doped transistors is presented and used to clarify the origin of the increase in the subthreshold swing usually observed in doped OFETs. It is shown that the increase in subthreshold swing can be minimized by using a bulk dopant layer at the gate dielectric/C60FHF layer instead of a mixed host:dopant layer. Following an optimization of the OFETs, an average electron mobility of 0.34 cm2 V−1 s−1, a subthreshold swing below 400 mV dec−1 for doped transistors, and a contact resistance of 10 kΩ cm is obtained, which is among the best performance for fullerene based n‐type semiconductors.
In Situ Generated Fireproof Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Li6.4Ga0.2La3Zr2O12 As Initiator and Ion‐Conductive Filler
Authors: Xu Dong , Su Jianmeng , Jin Jun , Sun Ce , Ruan Yadong , Chen Chunhua , Wen Zhaoyin
Published: May 2019

Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) based gel polymer electrolyte is regarded as a promising candidate to settle the safety issues of liquid electrolytes. However, the currently reported gel polymer electrolytes are still not safe enough owing to high amount of flammable liquid solvents contained in them. Herein, a fireproof PVDF‐HFP based gel polymer electrolyte is designed and synthesized through an in situ crosslinking method, with Li6.4Ga0.2La3Zr2O12 as initiator and ion‐conductive filler. The obtained gel polymer electrolyte demonstrates superior fire resisting properties. The optimized gel polymer electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity as high as 1.84 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 20 °C with an electrochemical window up to 4.75 V at room temperature. Moreover, the obtained gel polymer electrolyte shows excellent compatibility with lithium anodes. Therefore, the lithium anode is well protected. Lithium batteries assembled with the gel polymer electrolyte possess superb safety properties in cutting and burning tests. Furthermore, the batteries also show a discharge retention rate as high as 94.08% (in comparison with the initial discharge capacity) after cycling at 0.5 C for 360 cycles with an average columbic efficiency higher than 98%. The purpose of this report is to show the great potential of applying fire‐retardant gel polymer electrolyte to achieve high safety lithium batteries.
Template‐Free Construction of Self‐Supported Sb Prisms with Stable Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Xinyan , Sun Menglei , Ni Jiangfeng , Li Liang
Published: May 2019

Antimony (Sb) is a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries owing to its large capacity of 660 mAh g−1. However, its practical application is restricted by the rapid capacity decay resulted from a large volume expansion up to 390% upon Na alloying. Herein, construction of a self‐supported Sb array that has enough space allowing for effective accommodation of the volume change is reported. The array of Sb prisms is directly grown on a Cu substrate via a template‐free electrodeposition, followed by mild heating to consolidate the structural integrity between Sb and Cu. The resulting 3D architecture endows the Sb array with excellent sodium storage performance, exhibiting a reversible capacity of 578 mAh g−1 and retaining 531 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles at 0.5 C. The potential of Sb array in sodium‐ion full cells by pairing it with a Na0.67(Ni0.23Mg0.1Mn0.67)O2 cathode is further demonstrated. This full cell affords a specific energy of 197 Wh kg−1 at 0.2 C and a specific power of 1280 W kg−1 at 5 C. Considering its low cost and scale‐up capability, the template‐free route may find extensive applications in designing electrode architectures.
Solvent extraction modeling of Ce/Eu/Y from chloride media using D2EHPA
Authors: Pavón Sandra , Fortuny Agustí , Coll M. Teresa , Sastre Ana M.
Published: May 2019

End‐of‐life fluorescent lamps are becoming essential in the rare earths (REEs) field and suppose a feasible secondary source for getting them, reducing thus their supply risk. Considering the proved viability of the cationic extractants, the present study aims at establishing a solvent extraction model using di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) not only based on the individual Ce, Eu, and Y behavior in chloride media, but also bearing in mind the competitive extraction of these metals in Ce/Eu/Y mixtures, depending on the media variables. Furthermore, the model allow determining the optimal REEs separation conditions. The results disclose that Y could be separated from the mixture using 0.1 mol/L D2EHPA, acidity above of 3 mol/L of protons and chloride concentrations higher than 4 mol/L.
Extension of the validation method for vapor–liquid equilibrium data to systems with nonvolatile components
Authors: Fernández Luís , Ortega Juan , Wisniak Jaime
Published: May 2019

In this work, a method is proposed to validate the experimental data of solutions of n‐components in vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) with some nonvolatile component (nv‐VLE). The methodology is based on the resolution of the differential Gibbs–Duhem equation using two forms (differential and integral) described in a previous work. The combination of both forms evaluates as many relationships between the variables that define each data series in equilibrium (p, T, x1, … , n‐1, y1, … , n‐1) as degrees of freedom the problem has, although in this work it is only necessary to use the integral form. The proposed method is applied to 70 experimental data series published in the literature, considering the numerical limits previously assigned to parameters established for the integral‐form, according to the following. (a) A parameter ψ is identified as p or T according to if the data are iso‐T or iso‐p; (b) verification of the data is assessed by the difference , with > 0, and is determined by an uncertainty procedure of the inconsistency function , being ; and (c) The parameter κψ depends on the type of equilibrium. With κψ = 5, the rejection ratio of the total analyzed is 12%, this percentage increases as the level of quality required increases above 31% for κψ = 3. The calculations require a precise representation of the binomial {data+model}, which produces excellent results for the treatment of nv‐VLE and the properties of solutions, whose parametrization is achieved by an advanced procedure of combined optimization.
Asia Pacific Society of Human Genetics (APSHG) from conception to 2019: 13 years of collaboration to tackle congenital malformation and genetic disorders in Asia
Authors: Wasant Pornswan , Padilla Carmencita , Lam Stephen , Thong Meow‐Keong , Lai Poh‐San
Published: May 2019

Putting together the reports in this issue that come from a representation of the different countries in Asia presents an opportunity to share the unique story of the Asia Pacific Society of Human Genetics (APSHG), which has provided the authors of many of these articles. This paper, authored by the Past Presidents of the Society, shares glimpses of how medical genetics activities were first organized in the Asia Pacific region and provides interesting corollaries on how under‐developed and developing countries in this part of the world had developed a unique network for exchange and sharing of expertise and resources. Although APSHG was formally registered as a Society in Singapore in 2006, the Society has its origins as far back as in the 1990s with members from different countries meeting informally, exchanging ideas, and collaborating. This treatise documents the story of the experiences of the Society and hopes it will provide inspiration on how members of a genetics community can foster and build a thriving environment to promote this field.
Epilepsy in families: Age at onset is a familial trait, independent of syndrome
Authors: Ellis Colin A. , Churilov Leonid , Epstein Michael P. , Xie Sharon X. , Bellows Susannah T. , Ottman Ruth , Berkovic Samuel F. ,   for the Epi4K Consortium
Published: May 2019

Objective

We tested 2 hypotheses regarding age at onset within familial epilepsies: (1) family members with epilepsy tend to have similar ages at onset, independent of epilepsy syndrome; and (2) age at onset is younger in successive generations after controlling for sampling bias.

Methods

We analyzed clinical data collected by the Epi4K Consortium (303 multiplex families, 1,120 individuals). To test hypothesis 1, we used both linear mixed models commonly used for heritability analysis and Cox regression models with frailty terms to assess clustering of onset within families after controlling for other predictors. To test hypothesis 2, we used mixed effects models, pairwise analyses, and survival analysis to address sampling‐related bias that may mimic anticipation.

Results

Regarding hypothesis 1, age at seizure onset was significantly heritable (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.17, p < 0.001) after adjusting for epilepsy type, sex, site, history of febrile seizure, and age at last observation. This finding remained significant after adjusting for epilepsy syndromes, and was robust across statistical methods in all families and in generalized families. Regarding hypothesis 2, the mean age at onset decreased in successive generations (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age at last observation, this effect was not significant in mixed effects models (p = 0.14), but remained significant in pairwise (p = 0.0003) and survival analyses (p = 0.02).

Interpretation

Age at seizure onset is an independent familial trait, and may have genetic determinants distinct from the determinants of particular epilepsy syndromes. Younger onsets in successive generations can be explained in part by sampling bias, but the presence of genetic anticipation cannot be excluded. ANN NEUROL 2019
Rigorous Asymptotic Study of the Screened Electrostatic Potential in a Thin Dielectric Slab
Authors: Felbacq Didier , Rousseau Emmanuel
Published: May 2019

The screened Coulomb potential plays a crucial role in the binding energies of excitons in a thin dielectric slab. The asymptotic behavior of this potential is studied when the thickness of the slab is very small as compared to the exciton Bohr radius. A regularized expression is given and the exact effective 2D potential is derived. These expressions may be useful for the computation of the exciton binding energy in 2D or quasi‐2D materials.
Four‐Coordinate Boron Emitters with Tridentate Chelating Ligand for Efficient and Stable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Li Panpan , Chan Hing , Lai Shiu‐Lun , Ng Maggie , Chan Mei‐Yee , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: May 2019

A new class of four‐coordinate donor‐acceptor fluoroboron‐containing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds bearing a tridentate 2,2′‐(pyridine‐2,6‐diyl)diphenolate (dppy) ligand has been successfully designed and synthesized. Upon varying the donor moieties from carbazole to 10H‐spiro[acridine‐9,9′‐fluorene] to 9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine, these boron derivatives exhibit a wide range of emission colors spanning from blue to yellow with a large spectral shift of 2746 cm−1, with high PLQYs of up to 96 % in the doped thin film. Notably, vacuum‐deposited organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) made with these boron compounds demonstrate high performances with the best current efficiencies of 55.7 cd A−1, power efficiencies of 58.4 lm W−1 and external quantum efficiencies of 18.0 %. More importantly, long operational stabilities of the green‐emitting OLEDs based on 2 with half‐lifetimes of up to 12 733 hours at an initial luminance of 100 cd m−2 have been realized. This work represents for the first time the design and synthesis of tridentate dppy‐chelating four‐coordinate boron TADF compounds for long operational stabilities, suggesting great promises for the development of stable boron‐containing TADF emitters.
A Zn4L6 Capsule with Enhanced Catalytic C−C Bond Formation Activity upon C60 Binding
Authors: Lu Zhenpin , Lavendomme Roy , Burghaus Olaf , Nitschke Jonathan R.
Published: May 2019

A redox‐switchable self‐assembled ZnII4L6 cage was synthesized that contains naphthalenediimide (NDI) motifs. Its reduction lent these NDI panels persistent radical anion character. The redox activity of this cage allows it to act as a catalyst for the oxidative coupling of different tetraaryl borates to give biaryls. The catalytic activity of the cage was enhanced following its binding of C60, which implies a mechanism that does not involve encapsulation of the substrate.
Going Homoleptic: Synthesis and Full Characterization of Stable Manganese Tetranitrosyl Cation Salts
Authors: Bohnenberger Jan , Derstine Brandon , Daub Michael , Krossing Ingo
Published: May 2019

Although similar to carbon monoxide, the chemistry of homoleptic nitrogen monoxide complexes is fundamentally unexplored compared to their carbonyl analogues. Herein we report the synthesis of the first truly homoleptic transition‐metal nitrosyl cation as the salt of the weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) [Al(ORF)4]− and [F{Al(ORF)3}2]− (RF=C(CF3)3). These salts are easily accessible in good yields, phase pure, and were fully characterized by IR/Raman, NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. They may serve as unprecedented simple model systems for theoretical and experimental studies of nitrosyl complexes.
Clustering electricity consumers using high‐dimensional regression mixture models
Authors: Devijver Emilie , Goude Yannig , Poggi Jean‐Michel
Published: May 2019

A massive amount of data about individual electrical consumptions are now provided with new metering technologies and smart grids. These new data are especially useful for load profiling and load modeling at different scales of the electrical network. A new methodology based on mixture of high‐dimensional regression models is used to perform clustering of individual customers. It leads to uncovering clusters corresponding to different regression models. Temporal information is incorporated in order to prepare the next step, the fit of a forecasting model in each cluster. Only the electrical signal is involved, slicing the electrical signal into consecutive curves to consider it as a discrete time series of curves. Interpretation of the models is given on a real smart meter dataset of Irish customers.
Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase mutant D306C has a higher inhibition rate for enzyme multiplied immunoassay of cholyglycine
Authors: Qi Jinxiang , Xiao Lanping , Zhang QiFei , Feng Jianxin , Wang Guili , Gong Jun
Published: May 2019

Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) has been used in enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) assays for detecting small molecule metabolites such as cholyglycine (CG). A key parameter for successful EMIT CG assay development is the inhibition rate of the G6PDH–CG conjugate, measured as the decrease in enzyme activity upon CG antibody binding. Several commonly used G6PDH cysteine mutants including A45C and K55C have been labeled with CG‐maleimide derivative, but inhibition rates of are unsatisfactory. Herein, we investigated whether other mutation sites can achieve better inhibition rates. We generated eight cysteine mutants (K106C, Y155C, A201C, T258C, D306C, D375C, G426C, and D480C) of G6PDH, measured their inhibition rates, and evaluated the performance of the D306C mutant using EMIT CG assays. One of the eight mutants (D306C) displayed improved inhibition rate, whereas all others exhibited inhibition similar to or lower than that of A45C and K55C. The enhanced inhibition rate of D306C improved the EMIT CG assay calibration curve, using an Abbott c16000 automated biochemical analyzer, resulting in better repeatability, precision, and linearity than with K55C assays and a commercially available EMIT CG kit. The G6PDH mutant D306C has a higher inhibition rate in EMIT CG assays and improves assay performance.
Neuer Ansatz der thermischen Leitfähigkeit von Beton für die Brandschutzbemessung in Eurocode 2
Authors: Spille Jens , Zehfuß Jochen
Published: May 2019

Die Brandschutzbemessung von Betonbauteilen unter Anwendung des „heißen“ Eurocode 2 mithilfe numerischer Berechnungen findet immer mehr Einzug in die Praxis. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil einer solchen Bemessung besteht aus der Ermittlung der Querschnittstemperaturen der Bauteile unter transienter Brandbeanspruchung. Zur Ermittlung dieser Temperaturen beinhaltet die DIN EN 1992‐1‐2 temperaturabhängige Verläufe für die thermische Leitfähigkeit von Beton. Der nationale Anhang der DIN EN 1992‐1‐2 regelt für Deutschland, dass bei der Bemessung die sogenannte obere Grenzwertfunktion der thermischen Leitfähigkeit anzuwenden ist.

Thermische Analysen unter Ansatz dieser Grenzwertfunktion haben jedoch gezeigt, dass bei der Bewertung des Raumabschlusskriteriums von beflammten Bauteilen zu konservative Ergebnisse erzielt werden, die nicht mit den tabellierten Mindestdicken nach Abschnitt 5 DIN EN 1992‐1‐2, für die das Raumabschlusskriterium als eingehalten gilt, übereinstimmen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuer Ansatz für die thermische Leitfähigkeit von Beton vorgestellt, der anhand von numerischen Vergleichsrechnungen zu ausgewählten experimentell bestimmten Temperatur‐Zeitkurven überprüft wurde. Hierzu wurden 15 Versuche an Wand‐, Decken‐ und Stützenprüfkörpern herangezogen, die am Institut für Baustoffe, Massivbau und Brandschutz (iBMB) der TU Braunschweig und im europäischen Ausland durchgeführt wurden.
Synthesis and Studies on Photophysical Properties of Rhodamine Derivatives for Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Vanjare Balasaheb D. , Mahajan Prasad G. , Dige Nilam C. , Phull Abdul Rehman , Kim Song Ja , Lee Ki Hwan
Published: May 2019

Rhodamine derivatives have been persistently used as fluorescent/solvatochromic dyes in various areas. For example, they are used as a labeling agent in biotechnology and a chemosensor. Also, rhodamine derivatives are used for cell imaging experiment. Herein, we report on the synthesis of fluorescent derivatives based on rhodamine B (RHB1, RHB2, and RHB3). We confirmed the structures and purities of the synthesized probes i.e., RHB1, RHB2, and RHB3 by using analytical technique's viz. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass and FT‐IR followed by exploring spectroscopic properties by using fluorescence/UV absorption spectroscopy. The effect of solvents on the fluorescence and absorption properties of the synthesized compounds has been comprehensively studied using a series of solvent. In addition, synthesized RHB1, RHB2, and RHB3 were found to be non‐toxic against the cancer cell (MDA‐MB‐231). It is clear from the result of the conventional fluorescence microscopy that probe RHB2 exhibits significant optical properties as compared with those of RHB1 and RHB3.
Green‐Emitting Rhodamine Dyes for Vital Labeling of Cell Organelles Using STED Super‐Resolution Microscopy
Authors: Grimm Florian , Nizamov Shamil , Belov Vladimir N.
Published: May 2019

Fluorescence microscopy reveals the localization, spatial distribution, and temporal dynamics of the specifically labeled organelles in living cells. Labeling with exogenous conjugates prepared from fluorescent dyes and small molecules (ligands) is an attractive alternative to the use of fluorescent proteins, but proved to be challenging due to insufficient cell‐permeability of the probes, unspecific staining, or low dye brightness. We evaluated four green‐emitting rhodamine dyes and their conjugates intended for the specific labeling of lysosomes, mitochondria, tubulin, and actin in living cells. The imaging performance of the probes in living human fibroblasts has been studied by using confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) super‐resolution microscopy with a commercial 595 nm STED laser. Two bright and photostable dyes (LIVE 510 and LIVE 515) provide specific and versatile staining.
The utilization of vascularized pedicle combination epithelial‐sub epithelial tissue graft for socket preservation in the esthetic zone—A novel approach
Authors: Al Rezk Feras , Al Rezk Mania , Al Rezk Mohanad , Al Rezk Rami
Published: May 2019

The vascularized tunneled combine epithelialize‐subepithelialize connective tissue graft may yield biological outcomes superior to those achieved separately by rotated vascularization or combination interposition onlay tissue graft. This technique may provide clinicians with pathway to improve socket seal by improving the vascularity and the volume of the tissue seal, which would be paramount for the definitive esthetic and functional outcome for modern demand of our patients.
Catalytic Asymmetric γ‐Lactam Synthesis from Enolisable Anhydrides and Imines
Authors: Collar Aarón Gutiérrez , Trujillo Cristina , Lockett‐Walters Bruce , Twamley Brendan , Connon Stephen J.
Published: May 2019

An anion‐binding approach to the problem of preparing enantioenriched γ‐lactams from enolisable anhydrides and imines is reported. A simple bisurea catalyst promotes the cycloaddition between α‐aryl succinic anhydrides and either PMP‐ or benzhydryl‐protected aldimines to provide γ‐lactams with two contiguous stereocentres (one quaternary) with complete diastereocontrol and high to excellent enantioselectivity for the first time. A DFT study has provided insight into the catalyst mode of action and the origins of the observed stereocontrol.
Aus weniger mehr machen
Authors: Saulich Katja
Published: May 2019

Prozessintensivierte Verfahren in der chemischen Industrie bergen ein hohes Ressourceneffizienzpotenzial, da sie dazu beitragen, Materialien und Energie einzusparen. In den 1970er Jahren kam die Idee auf, mittels Prozessintensivierung die Entwicklung bahnbrechender Technologien anzustoßen. Was sich seit damals bis heute getan hat, hat das VDI Zentrum Ressourceneffizienz (VDI ZRE) in einer jetzt erschienenen Kurzanalyse zusammengefasst.
Schon viel bewegt ‐ noch viel zu tun
Authors: Sieß Wolfgang
Published: May 2019

„Nicht sehr zufrieden“ ist der seit vergangenem Jahr amtierende Vorstand des Frankenthaler Pumpen‐ und Armaturenherstellers KSB mit dem Ergebnis des abgelaufenen Geschäftsjahres, denn der Gewinn sank, obwohl der Umsatz gestiegen ist. Man habe aber „bereits viel bewegt“ und damit begonnen, den „schlafenden Riesen behutsam zu wecken“, so der Geschäftsführende Direktor und Sprecher der Geschäftsleitung Dr. Stephan Timmermann bei Vorstellung der Bilanz für das Jahr 2018.
Aus Ereignissen lernen und Innovationen leben
Authors: Woppowa Ljuba
Published: May 2019

Etwa 70 Berufseinsteiger kamen zum 4. Jahrestreffen der Young Professionals in der chemischen Industrie nach Dortmund, um sich im Rahmen des Messeduos Maintenance und Pumps&Valves auszutauschen. Das Motto der von der VDI‐Gesellschaft Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen (VDI‐GVC) organisierten Veranstaltung lautete: Aus Ereignissen lernen, Wissen teilen, Innovationen leben. Neben den Vorträgen boten die geführten Messerundgänge zudem einen wichtigen Praxisbezug für die Teilnehmer. Das 5. Jahrestreffen der Young Professionals wird am 12.02.2020 erneut in Dortmund parallel zu den beiden Messen stattfinden.
Mahlsieb mit gezackten Klingen
Authors:   Kason Corporation
Published: May 2019

Agglomerate bis zu einer Größe von 250 mm kann der neue Kason Klumpenbrecher, Modell LB 550, in Partikel mit einer durchschnittlichen Größe von bis zu 2 mm reduzieren. Bei minimaler Wärmeentwicklung und Feinstaubbildung erlaubt der Klumpenbrecher einen Durchsatz von 2 bis 25 t/h.
Zuverlässige Messdaten
Authors: Hechtl Cornelia
Published: May 2019

Mit seinem Remote Service hat Hosokawa Alpine eine digitale Lösung zur Überwachung und Analyse der Produktionsprozesse entwickelt. Kunden sparen somit Zeit und Kosten beim Service der Hosokawa Alpine Anlagen.
Wärmegetriebene Motoren
Authors: Glouchenkov Maxim , Kronberg Alexander , Kenig Eugeny , Mügge Nils
Published: May 2019

Encontech, ein Spin‐Off‐Unternehmen der Universität Twente (Enschede, Niederlande), hat in Kooperation mit der Universität Paderborn eine neuartige Wärmekraftmaschine mit vielseitigen Anwendungsbereichen entwickelt. Der Motor wandelt Wärme direkt in mechanische Arbeit um und eignet sich im besonderen Maße für den Einsatz als Kompressor oder Pumpe. Durch die Bauart lässt sich jegliche Form der zur Verfügung stehenden Wärme ab einem Temperaturniveau von 60°C nutzen. Mit diesen Eigenschaften ist der neuentwickelte Motor eine simple und ökonomische Alternative zu heutigen elektrisch angetriebenen Kompressoren und Pumpen im Megawatt‐Leistungsbereich.