bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency measurement of real estate investment trusts traded in BIST with data envelopment analysis and Malmquist total factor productivity index
Authors: Colak Zeynep
Published: March 2023

Purpose- The aim of the study is to measure the efficiency of real estate investment trusts traded on BIST with data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist total factor productivity index. Efficiency and productivity were measured using the Malmquist total productivity analysis and the Data Envelopment Analysis approach, both of whose application fields have grown recently.
Methodology- The Malmquist total factor productivity index is used to analyze changes in total factor productivity of 20 real estate investment trusts operating in 2019–2020–2021, as well as the reasons for these changes, on the axis of variables such as current ratio, leverage ratio, long-term debt-to-asset ratio, short-term debt-to-asset ratio, equity-to-asset ratio, return on assets, net profit margin, and gross profit margin.
Findings- The results of the analysis show that 8 companies that are relatively efficient according to their CCR technical efficiency values have been identified; these are ALGYO, AVGYO, HLGYO, MRGYO, MSGYO, PAGYO, RYGYO, and SNGYO. It has been observed that these companies have been effective in an output-oriented way over the past three years.
Conclusion- The firms that are below the efficiency limit need to take a few things into account, according to the results. They need to alter a few input variables to reach a higher level of efficiency. It is anticipated that all these findings will support the decision-making of the companies and the investors who are considering investing in these companies.

Keywords: Real estate investment trusts, data envelopment analysis, Malmquist total factor productivity index, efficiency measurement.
JEL Codes: C67, L25, G29
The relationship between currency- protected deposits and bank performance: case of participation banks.
Authors: Yurttadur Musafa , Tasci Mehmet Zafer
Published: March 2023

Purpose- This study aims to investigate in which way the foreign Currency Protected Deposit (CPD) system that was put on effect from the 21st of December 2021 affected the performance of the participation banks in Turkey. For this purpose, the financial performance of the participation banks during the 12 months preceding and the 9 months following the carrying into action of CPD has been measured by the means of CRITIC and WAPAS that are methods of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model.
Methodology: The data used within the scope of this study covers the 12 months of the year 2021 and the 9 months of the year 2022 in reason of the fact that 9 months data was available for 2021. The financial performance of the participation banks was assessed based on 5 criteria that are the total dividend revenues, return on assets, return on equity, operating cost/total assets, foreign assets/total shareholder’s equity
Findings- It has been established that the most significant criterion in determining the financial performance of the participation banks is the operating cost/total assets while the least significant criterion is the return on equity. Furthermore, within the period that is investigated; the participation banks showed the worst performance in May 2021 and the best in September 2022.
Conclusion- Consequently the performance of the participation banks showed a fluctuation and got down through 2021. Following the carrying into effect of the foreign Currency Protected Deposit (CPD) system, there has been a bettering in the financial performance of the participation banks in 2022; within a couple of months their performance kept raising.

Keywords: Participation banks, financial analysis, financial performance, MCDM, banking sector
JEL Codes: D81, G21, L25
Reclamation of wastewater polluted with antihypertensive drug residues by the biological+solar-photocatalytic sequential treatment plant
Authors: Marina Aliste , Gabriel Pérez-Lucas , Abderrazak El Aatik , Virginia Hernández , Ginés Navarro , José Fenoll , Simón Navarro
Published: March 2023

The quality of polluted wastewater processed by conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) is in some cases insufficient to reach the degree of purity required. Pharmaceuticals are frequently identified in the aquatic environment, owing to their constant release from WWTPs. Thus, in recent years, they are cataloged as pseudo-persistent pollutants having been recognized as potentially harmful to public health and environmental concern. This work has focused on the removal of 3 antihypertensive pharmaceuticals (furosemide, irbesartan, and valsartan) from aqueous waste solutions using a sequential biological-photocatalytic (TiO2/Na2S2O8) treatment under natural sunlight. Pharmaceutical residues were isolated from water by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by HPLC-QqQ-MS2. Biodegradation was greater than 65% and 70% for irbesartan and furosemide, respectively, while valsartan was highly biodegradable (> 96%). Next, photocatalytic treatment was applied and just 200 kJ m-2 was required to remove 90 % of micropollutants residues from the effluent. Therefore, the coupling of biological treatment to solar heterogeneous photocatalysis constitutes a valuable instrument to detoxify polluted wastewater.
ONT DNA Barcoding Fungal Amplicons w/ MinION & Flongle v3
Authors: Douglas Russell Stephen
Published: March 2023

This collection of protocols outline a working methodology to DNA barcode fungal specimens. This process will work for dried tissue, fresh tissue, or with DNA template that has already gone through an alternative extraction protocol. It takes you from computer/software setup through DNA extraction, amplification, library preparation, and sequencing It also includes primary and secondary data analysis. Take your fungal samples from specimens to GenBank accessions with this protocol! This particular workflow is designed for use with Flongle 10.4.1 flowcells and V14 Ligation chemistry.
3D Mesh Cleanup Tutorial: Fossil Crab (Advanced) v1
Authors: G. Clark Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

This protocol details about 3D mesh cleanup tutorial of fossil crab (Advanced).
3D Mesh Cleanup Tutorial: Sphenodon (Intermediate) v1
Authors: G. Clark Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

This protocol details 3D mesh cleanup tutorial of sphenodon (intermediate).
Single-cell dissociation of Drosophila melanogaster pupal tarsi v1
Authors: R. Hopkins Ben
Published: March 2023

This protocol outlines a step-by-step guide to generating single-cell suspensions of Drosophila melanogaster pupal tarsi for use in 10x single-cell transcriptome profiling. This protocol has been successfully used on male legs between 16h and 30h after puparium formation. From an input of 65-70 first tarsal segments, we typically generate a suspension with the following metrics: Expected volume of suspension generated: ~65ul Expected cell concentration of suspension generated: ~1000-2000 cells/ul Expected cell viability of suspension generated: ~98%
Southern European Journalists’ Perceptions of Discursive Menaces in the Age of (Online) Delegitimization
Authors: Blanco-Herrero David , Splendore Sergio , Oller Alonso Martín
Published: March 2023

In a new communication context, factors such as the rise of hate speech, disinformation, or a precarious financial and employment situation in the media have made discursive menaces gain increasing significance. Threats of this kind challenge the legitimacy of institutional news media and professional journalists. This article contributes to the existing literature on the legitimization of journalism and boundary work through a study that seeks to understand the perceptions of Southern European journalists of the threats that they encounter in their work and the factors that help explain them. To this end, a survey of 398 journalists in Spain, Italy, and Greece was conducted to learn what personal or professional factors influenced their views and experiences of discursive and non-discursive menaces. Results show that discursive threats, such as hateful or demeaning speech and public discrediting of one’s work, are the most frequent to the safety of journalists, while expressions of physical violence are less common. Younger and more educated journalists tended to perceive themselves as having been victims of discursive menaces more often, although not many significant differences were observed between different groups of journalists. Even though it could show a worrying trend, this finding can also indicate a growing awareness about menaces of this kind.
IoT and XBee Based Central Car Parking Management System
Authors: ÜSTÜN ERCAN Seda , MOHAMMED Mohammed Sufyan
Published: March 2023

Parking in congested places frequently leads to major issues like air pollution, traffic jams, etc. This paper presents a prototype for an Internet of Things (IoT) based central car parking management system that attempts to minimize car parking problems. The proposed system is relatively low-cost, scalable and consumes less power compared to other parking systems. This system uses Arduino microcontroller-based TCRT5000 infrared sensors to detect vehicles in the parking spaces. XBee peripheral modules are located in different parking lots at different locations to transmit the sensed data to XBee central module that is placed close to the parking lots. The central node then updates all data to the Blynk IoT platform via Wi-Fi wireless technology present in the NodeMCU board. The availability of parking lots can be viewed using a smartphone through Blynk application.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE REGARDING THE PROTECTION OF NPP AS CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OBJECTS IN WARTIME
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Matviichuk Andrii
Published: March 2023

Peculiarities of the legal regime of protection of nuclear power plants as objects of critical infrastructure in emergency situations, state of emergency and while martial law are studied. The actual transformation of nuclear power plants captured by the Russian Federation into a military base contradicts the ideological issue and worldview of security and thus can be defined as nuclear terrorism. Any nuclear installations are not designed for operation in combat conditions, and their damage can lead to serious consequences connected with radiation contamination of the surrounding territories not only at the level of countries, but also at the level of continents. It is stipulated that until now the concept of nuclear terrorism was defined as the illegal handling, manufacture, acquisition, storage and use of nuclear or other radioactive materials by persons who do not have legal rights to the specified actions, with the intention of causing harm to human life and health, property or environment. However, for the first time in world practice, the subject of the crime of seizing, disabling and destroying nuclear facilities is the state. And as it turns out, the international community still lacks effective mechanisms to prevent such actions and punish such entities. Until recently, the IAEA and other international organizations were actually limited to "deep concern" and only the real threat of a nuclear disaster at the Zaporizhzhia NPP forced them to become somewhat more active, but drastic changes in their activities regarding the safety of the use of peaceful atoms are needed to protect the world from the global nuclear threat. This provoked incredible challenges and led to the need, in addition to the political solution of the mentioned issue, to review the existing Ukrainian and international legislation on ensuring nuclear and radiation safety. Based on the results of the research, the author's specification of the legislative definition of the concepts: "nuclear terrorism," "threat of nuclear terrorism," and "prevention of nuclear terrorism" were formulated. The necessity of introducing demilitarized zones around nuclear-dangerous objects and the development (on Ukraine's initiative) of the international Convention on ensuring the safety of their functioning in conditions of armed conflicts is substantiated in the paper. The research used the following methods: the general dialectical method, the method of scientific knowledge, the method of interpreting legal norms, the formal legal method, the comparative legal method, and the method of systemic analysis.
TERRITORY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY AS AN OBJECT OF LAND MANAGEMENT AND URBAN PLANNING
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Potapenko Serhii
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the territorial community as object of land management and urban planning. One of the tasks of this article is to formulate proposals for improving the current legislation governing the development, approval and approval of urban planning (land management) documentation for spatial planning of development of territory of territorial community and establishing its boundaries. The article is based on the provisions of the current legislation and the theories of legal doctrine. The work uses general scientific as well as special methods of scientific knowledge: terminological, formal legal, structural and functional, descriptive, comparative, and hermeneutic. The theoretical and legal aspects of territory of the territorial community were investigated, its analysis was carried out as a special object of land management being in limited interaction with other elements of the land management system. The information on the territory of territorial community in public cadastral map of Ukraine as well as in the codifier of administrative-territorial units and territories of territorial communities is covered. It is argued that approval of land management projects the establishment of boundaries of territory of territorial community and legalizes the legal status of these boundaries. It is revealed that legislation does not provide for the possibility of changing the boundaries of territory of territorial community after their establishment, which poses an obstacle to further spatial development of territorial communities. The need to supplement the land management project on the establishment of boundaries of territory of territorial community is stressed with the provisions on its project border and area, as well as a list of urban planning (land management) documentation that is the basis for its development. It is offered that the establishment of boundaries of territory of territorial community should be preceded by the development and approval of a comprehensive plan of spatial development of territory of territorial community, which will determine the planning organization and functional purpose of territory of territorial community within and outside the settlements, taking into account their social and economic, demographic and cultural development. On the basis of the abovementioned, the proposals are made to amend the current legislation of Ukraine.
CURRENT ISSUES OF THE PRESENT OF A MIXED SYSTEM OF DECISIONS ENFORCEMENT: CONDITIONS AND STATE OF FUNCTIONING, EFFICIENCY AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Bondar Iryna , Maliarchuk Liubov ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Horban Nataliia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

The current state and problematic aspects of a mixed system of the enforcement of decisions in Ukraine were highlighted, the attention was focused on development prospects. The article aims at reviewing and scientific rethinking of transition exclusively to the private system of the enforcement of decisions on demand of international authorities. The methodological basis of the research is comparative, dialectical, systemicstructural, normative and logical scientific research methods. A decrease in the total number of enforcement proceedings to recover the debt was stated doubly, which was caused by the set of changes in their influence on the state of the enforcement of decisions in connection with russian invasion of Ukraine. Diverse options for the expansion of the terms of reference of private executors were analysed, namely: inclusion of their authorized activities to the list to pursue assets in favour of the government; the recovery of fines; establishment of facts concerning, primarily damage or destruction of property due to the military aggression of the russian federation and determination the amount of damages. It was identified that regarding the undeniable role and importance of the private system of the enforcement of decisions plaid, private executors and their activities require the support during the period of economic renewal by solving a range of issues, namely a connection of all private executors to Automated system of enforcement proceedings, a solution to the question concerning the possibility to change the enforcement district by private executors from the occupied territories, a resolution of the issue regarding a monitoring the activities of private executors etc. It was suggested settling the issue regarding the expanding types of activities of private executors in order to implement alternative ways to make profit, in particular empowerment them to certification of facts by analogy to the practice of European colleagues.
Demir (II, III) Oksit (Fe3O4) Nanopartiküller Kullanılarak Tekstil Atıksularının Arıtılması
Authors: AYRANPINAR İrem , DUYAR Ahmet , GÖÇER Serdar , KOZAK Melike , KÖROĞLU Emre Oğuz , CIRIK Kevser
Published: March 2023

Demir (II, III) oksit (Fe3O4) nanopartiküller, ortamdaki kirletici maddeleri adsorbe ederek hızla uzaklaştırması özelliğinden dolayı atıksu arıtımında kullanılabilen manyetik nanopartikül türlerinden biridir. Demir (II, III) oksit (Fe3O4); yüksek rejenerasyon verimi, geniş yüzey alanı ve manyetik özelliklere sahiptir. Fe3O4 partiküllerinin adsorpsiyon kapasitesi, kullanılan partikülün boyutuna ve kirletici konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterir. Ek olarak, demir oksit maddelerin bu türlerinde, reaksiyon bittikten sonra bir mıknatıs kullanılarak partiküller kolaylıkla ortamdan uzaklaştırılabilir. Daha sonra adsorbe edilen kirleticiler katalizör kullanılarak partikülden ayrıştırılarak partikül tekrar kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada, kimyasal olarak sentezlenen Fe3O4 nanopartikül kullanılarak adsorpsiyon yöntemi ile tekstil Atıksularının arıtılması incelenmiştir. Adsorpsiyon performansı, farklı Fe3O4 konsantrasyonlarında (250-750 mg/L) ve temas sürelerinde (5-45 dakika) incelenmiştir. Elde edilen optimum reaksiyon süresi ve adsorban konsantrasyonu sırasıyla 30 dakika ve 250 mg/L olarak bulunmuştur. Optimum şartlar altında toplam organik karbon (TOK), renk ve kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ) giderimi sırasıyla %25,94, %51,64 ve %66,68 olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, manyetik nanopartiküller kullanılarak yapılan adsorpsiyon işleminin tekstil atıksularında KOİ ve renk kirleticilerinin uzaklaştırılmasında oldukça etkili olduğunu, ancak TOK miktarında önemli bir değişiklik gözlemlenmediğini göstermiştir. Tekstil atık sularının arıtılmasına yönelik demir oksit nanopartikül uygulaması deşarj standartlarını sağlamasa da çeşitli arıtma proseslerindeki kirlilik yükünü azaltmak için ön arıtm veya ileri arıtım yöntemi olarak kullanılabilir.
PROBLEMS OF TEXTILE DYEHOUSES: FROM EMPLOYEE'S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Hüseyin
Published: March 2023

Basic components of the textile industry; are yarn, weaving, knitting, finishing, and clothing production technologies. Among these areas of textile, the dyehouses create big problems for both the employees and the environment. Because of in dyehouses, many aqueous processes which are prepared with chemical substances are used for bleaching, dyeing, and finishing processes of the fabric. Some of these chemicals used in these processes threaten the health of dyehouse employees. The fact that dyehouse employees cannot receive regular health care also reveals this threat (X̅= 2.63). In addition, the damage caused by dyehouses to the environment is also very important for the future of living spaces. Despite all these disadvantages, dyehouses are indispensable areas of the textile industry. For this reason, dyehouses are places that need to be examined carefully due to their versatile importance. In this study, it is aimed to determine the current conditions of the dyehouses and to give suggestions for their problems and their solutions. For this purpose, the opinions and suggestions of 156 dyehouse employees in 10 finishing enterprises located in Gaziantep Organized Industrial Zone on the current situation were analyzed.
2048 OYUNU İÇİN FARKLI ALGORİTMALARIN PERFORMANS ANALİZİ
Authors: AYLIK Sabri , HAKLI Hüseyin
Published: March 2023

2048, 4x4 ızgara üzerinde oynanan hücre kaydırmalı bir oyundur. 2048 oyunu kısa bir süre içerisinde insanlar arasında yayılarak önemli bir oynanma süresine sahip oldu. Popülerliğinin yanında, aksiyon sayısının az olmasına rağmen oluşabilecek çok fazla durumun bulunması nedeniyle yapay zeka araştırmacılarının dikkatini çekti. Tüm ihtimaller dikkate alındığında oyun tahtası üzerinde oluşabilecek durum sayısının 1216 olması ve oyundaki stokastik yapı dikkate alındığında oyunun zorluk derecesi görülmektedir. Literatürde 2048 oyunu üzerine uygulama içeren çalışmalar iki farklı yaklaşım altında değerlendirilmektedir. Bunlar öğrenme tabanlı yöntemler ve arama tabanlı yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmada bu iki yöntem için en temel algoritmalar belirlendi. Arama tabanlı yöntemler olarak Derin Öncelikli Arama (Depth First Search - DFS) ve Monte Carlo Ağaç Arama (Monte Carlo Tree Search - MCTS) seçilirken, öğrenme tabanlı yöntem olarak Q-Öğrenme (Q-Learning) kullanıldı. Ayrıca algoritmalar budama ve rulet tekerliği gibi farklı teknikler ile uygulandı. Algoritmaların analizleri yapılırken skor ve maksimum karo metrikleri dikkate alındı. Skor metriği dikkate alındığında en başarılı algoritma DFS olurken, maksimum karo dikkate alındığında en başarılı yöntemin MCTS algoritması olduğu tespit edildi.
KANATÇIKLI BANT TİPİ TÜRBÜLATÖRLERİN ISI TRANSFERİ VE SÜRTÜNME FAKTÖRÜ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN NÜMERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: TEKÖZ Murat , AKSOY İshak Gökhan
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmada, boru içerisine yerleştirilmiş çift tarafı kanatçıklı bant tipi türbülatörün ısı transferi ve sürtünme faktörü üzerindeki etkileri Ansys-Fluent programı yardımıyla sayısal olarak incelenmiştir. Türbülatör, iki farklı kanatçık adım mesafesinde (P=10 mm ve 20 mm) ve üç farklı kanatçık açısında (λ = 30°, 45°, 60°) tasarlanmıştır. Boru yüzey sıcaklığı sabit kabul edilerek gerçekleştirilen sayısal analizlerde, türbülatör malzemesi olarak alüminyum ve akışkan olarak su kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde gerçekleştirilebilir (Realizable) k-ε türbülans modeli seçilmiştir. Reynolds sayısının 8000-30000 aralığında gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda, türbülatörün kanatçık adım mesafesinin ve kanatçık açısının hem ısı transferi üzerinde hem de sürtünme faktörü üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Boru içerisinde türbülatör kullanılarak boş boruya göre Nusselt sayısında % 67.09’e kadar artış sağlanmıştır.
SİVAS İLİNDE KARAYOLUNDAN KAYNAKLANAN KARBON AYAK İZİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: POLAT BULUT Ayben
Published: March 2023

Günümüzde küresel ısınma, insan hayatını tehdit eden en önemli küresel sorun haline gelmiştir. Küresel ısınmaya yol açan sera gazlarının başlıca kaynaklarından biri de ulaşım sektörüdür. Bu çalışmada 2015-2021 yılları dahil 7 yıllık zaman periyodunda Sivas ilinde kara yolu taşımacılığından kaynaklanan karbon ayak izi belirlenerek küresel ısınmaya katkısı araştırılmıştır. Karbon ayak izini belirlemek amacıyla Hükümetler Arası İklim Değişikliği Paneli (IPCC) tarafından önerilen Tier 1 ve Tier 2 yaklaşımlarıyla belirlenmiş olan metodoloji kullanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda kara yolu ulaşımından kaynaklanan CO2 emisyonunun Tier 1 ve Tier 2 yaklaşımlarına göre sırasıyla 640 Gg CO2 ve 634 Gg CO2 olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Her iki yöntem içinde en yüksek CO2 emisyonuna 2018 yılında, en düşük CO2 emisyonuna ise 2015 yılında ulaşılmıştır ve CO2 emisyonunu etkileyen temel unsurun ise yakıt tüketim miktarı olduğu belirlenmiştir. 2021 yılında CO2 emisyonunda 2015 yılına göre % 20’ lik bir artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek CO2 emisyonuna akaryakıtlar içinde motorinin, kara yolu taşıtları arasında ise otomobilin katkısının olduğu belirlenmiştir.
KESİR DERECELİ KAOS TABANLI HABERLEŞME SİSTEMLERİNİN FPAA TASARIMI
Authors: KAYA Gökçenur , ALTUN Kenan
Published: March 2023

Kaotik sinyaller kendi içerisinde bir düzeni olan ancak düzensiz davranış sergileyen tahmin edilmesi zor sinyallerdir. Kaotik sinyallerin en önemli kullanım alanlarından biri güvenli haberleşme sistemleridir. Haberleşme sisteminin güvenilirliği kaotik işaretin karmaşıklığına bağlıdır. Kaotik sinyallerin karmaşıklığını artıran birçok yöntem ile haberleşme sistemleri gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu yöntemlerin BER/SNR performansına artırmaktan çok sistemin güvenilirliğini artırmıştır. Kesir dereceli kaotik sinyallerin kaos tabanlı haberleşme sistemlerinde hem haberleşme güvenilirliğinin hem BER/SNR performansının artmasına olumlu etkisi olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada kesir dereceli kaotik tabanlı haberleşme sistemlerinin BER/SNR performansının bilgisayar benzetimi ile dinamik sistemin nümerik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca benzetim analog tabanlı FPAA yapılar kullanılarak deneysel olarak tekrarlanmıştır. Elde edilen benzetim ve deneysel sonuçlar tam dereceli benzer çalışmalarla karşılaştırılmıştır.
SU ALMA AĞIZLARINDAN HAVA GİRİŞİNİN BULANIKLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: GEMİCİ Ercan , GEMİCİ Betül Tuba
Published: March 2023

Rezervuarlarda su seviyesinin düşük olduğu durumlarda su ile birlikte hava girişi de meydana gelmektedir. Hava girişiyle beraber oluşan çevrinti, su yüzeyinde ve askıda bulunan ince maddelerin suyla beraber boru hatlarına girmesine ve suyu bulandırmasına sebep olmaktadır. Hava girişinin başladığı kritik batıklık (Sc) olarak adlandırılan su ağzı ile su yüzeyi arasındaki mesafe çok sayıda faktöre göre değişmektedir. Su alma ağzının boyutu, şekli, debisi, su alma ağzının yakınındaki engeller bu faktörlerden sadece bazılarıdır. Bu çalışmada dairesel kesitli bir boru ile farklı debilerle kum serili rezervuardan su çekilmesi durumunda oluşan kritik batıklık yükseklikleri belirlenmiştir. Kritik batıklık yüksekliğinin hemen üzerinde ve kritik batıklık yüksekliğinde suyun bulanıklık değerleri ölçülerek kritik batıklık ve debinin bulanıklık üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Froude sayısı ve debi değerlerinden boyutsuz kritik batıklık/su alma borusu çapı oranının (Sc/D) belirlenmesine yönelik regresyon denklemleri kurulmuş ve denklemlerin anlamlılıkları test edilmiştir. Ayrıca bulanıklık değerlerinin belirlenmesine yönelik denklemler oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan denklemler istatistiksel olarak bulanıklığın, debi ve Sc/D değerleri kullanılarak yaklaşık olarak belirlenebileceğini göstermiştir. Su alma ağızlarının kanal tabanına yakın olmasının bulanıklığı önemli ölçüde artırdığı görülmüştür. Hava girişi ile beraber bulanıklığın %700-800 kadar arttığı durumlar olmaktadır. Su alma ağızlarının kritik batıklık yüksekliği dikkate alınarak tasarlanması, su kalitesinin korunması bakımından da oldukça önemlidir.
TheMS= 7.3 1992 Suusamyr, Kyrgyzstan, earthquake: 1. Constraints on fault geometry and source parameters based on aftershocks and body-wave modeling
Authors: Mellors R. J. , Vernon F. L. , Pavlis G. L. , Abers G. A. , Hamburger M. W. , Ghose S. , Iliasov B.
Published: March 2023

We investigated the Suusamyr, Kyrgyzstan, earthquake of 19 August 1992, using aftershock data, teleseismic body-wave modeling, and field observations. Aftershocks were recorded by the IRIS Kyrgyzstan broadband network, a temporary six-station aftershock network, and a regional network operated by the Kyrgyz Institute of Seismology. The aftershocks, which range in depth from the surface to 18 km, defined a 50 ± 10-km-long rupture zone that dips 50° ± 13° to the south and strikes roughly east-west. The base of the eastern end of the aftershock zone shallowed to the east along strike and may represent a lateral ramp. The surface ruptures also had an east-west strike and dipped south, but the total length (less than 4 km) was much shorter than the aftershock zone. A teleseismic body-wave inversion, using a point source and a directivity correction, yields a focal mechanism with a strike of 221°, dip of 46°, and a slip of 43°. We obtained a moment of 4.1 × 1019 N-m with a centroid depth between 5 and 21 km. The rupture propagated along an azimuth of 330° ± 60°, which matches the relative location of the mainshock with respect to the aftershock zone. The results of the aftershock study and teleseismic inversion yield a clear picture of the fault geometry of a large-thrust earthquake.
TheMS= 7.3 1992 Suusamyr, Kyrgyzstan, earthquake in the tien shan: 2. Aftershock focal mechanisms and surface deformation
Authors: Ghose Sujoy , Mellors Robert J. , Korjenkov Andrei M. , Hamburger Michael W. , Pavlis Terry L. , Pavlis Gary L. , Omuraliev Mederbek , Mamyrov Ernes , Muraliev A. R.
Published: March 2023

The MS = 7.3 Suusamyr earthquake of 19 August 1992 was a large, thrust-type earthquake in the northern Tien Shan of Kyrgyzstan, an intracontinental mountain belt in central Asia. Focal mechanisms of both the mainshock and 13 moderate-sized aftershocks are consistent with a seismotectonic setting that is dominated by NNW-SSE horizontal compression, which manifests itself in reverse faulting along roughly east-west trending, steeply dipping fault planes. The earthquake produced surface faulting at two widely separated locations, along two different fault segments, the total length of which was less than 4 km. Detailed measurements at one of the locations indicate a net slip of at least 4.2 ± 0.4 m. A wide variety of secondary surface effects was observed in the macroseismic zone that extended over an area of 2500 km2. The lack of extensive surface rupture from such a large event can be explained by a combination of (1) redistribution of the net slip at depth among the secondary splays that branches out from the main fault near the surface and (2) variable surface slip over the fault length. The active deformation associated with this event documents a structural style that involves steeply dipping, reverse faults extending from mid-crustal depths to the surface at nearly uniform dip, accommodating crustal shortening in the interior of the Tien Shan.
Seismic energy and stress-drop parameters for a composite source model
Authors: Anderson John G.
Published: March 2023

This article examines relationships among radiated energy and several stress-drop parameters that are used to describe earthquake faulting. This is done in the context of a composite source model that has been quite successful in its ability to reproduce statistical characteristics of strong-motion accelerograms. The main feature of the composite source model is a superposition of subevents with a fractal distribution of sizes, but all with the same subevent stress drop (Δσd) that is independent of the static stress drop (Δσs). In the model, Δσd is intended to represent the effective dynamic stress, and it does this well when Δσd > 2Δσs. The radiated energy in the S wave is ECSS = 0.233 CE (Δσd/μ) M0, where M0 is the seismic moment of the earthquake, μ is shear modulus, and CE is a dimensionless parameter that equals unity when Δσd > 2Δσs. The apparent stress (σa) is σa = 0.243 CE Δσd. The effective stress is σe ≈ 0.44CE Δσd. The Orowan stress drop (Δσo) is Δσo = 0.486 Δσd. The root-mean-square (rms) stress drop (Δσrms) is Δσrms = ΔσdI1/2θM0/Mos(Rmax)1/2 (fc/fo)1/2, where f0 is corner frequency of the earthquake, Mos (Rmax) and fc are the moment and corner frequency of the largest subevent, and I1/2θ is a dimensionless constant approximately equal to 1.7. Finally, the Savage-Wood ratio (SWR) is given by SWR ≈ CE Δσd/2 Δσs. These results clarify the relationships among all of these stress parameters in the context of a complex fault, showing the critical role of the subevent stress drop. They also provide an additional tool for energy, stress, and Savage-Wood ratio estimation. Since the process of modeling strong motion with the composite source uses realistic Green's functions, estimates of energy and stress parameters using this model are expected to have a good correction for wave propagation.
An empirical study of earthquake source spectra for California earthquakes
Authors: Atkinson Gail M. , Silva Walt
Published: March 2023

We generalize source, path, and site effects for California earthquakes as functions of magnitude and distance, based on regression analysis of 1000 Fourier acceleration spectra from 43 California earthquakes in the moment magnitude range from 4.4 to 7.4, recorded at rupture distances from 1 to 200 km. Empirically derived source spectra for California earthquakes are generally inconsistent with the spectral shape implied by a Brune (“omega-squared”) point-source model. This is manifested by magnitude- and frequency-dependence of the Brune model parameters. For example, the Brune stress parameter that best matches the data at high frequencies decreases from a value of about 120 bars at M5.5 to a value near 50 bars at M7.5. At frequencies below 1 Hz, though, source spectra have much lower spectral amplitudes than predicted by the Brune point-source model for these values of stress; this discrepancy grows with increasing magnitude. Finite-fault simulations indicate that this is a consequence of the breakdown of the validity of the point-source approximation for large ruptures. A stochastic finite-fault model, in which the fault is discretized as a number of subfaults, each of which is represented by a Brune omegasquared point source, correctly matches the observed spectral shapes and amplitudes.

The spectral decay parameter kappa, representing average near-surface attenuation of high-frequency motion at rock sites, increases with increasing magnitude, from values near 0.035 sec at M5.5 to 0.050 sec at M7.5. Magnitude dependence of kappa may be interpreted as evidence of nonlinearity for typical California sites subjected to strong ground motion.

Comparisons of our empirical source spectra for California to corresponding spectra for eastern North America suggest that the spectral amplitudes are similar in the two regions for low-frequency motions (f < 2 Hz for M5.5, f < 0.5 Hz for M7.5), for equivalent crustal conditions. The eastern events appear to have enhanced high-frequency near-source amplitudes relative to the California events; this is particularly pronounced for large-magnitude earthquakes.
Fault-zone guided waves from explosions in the San Andreas fault at Parkfield and Cienega Valley, California
Authors: Li Yong-Gang , Ellsworth William L. , Thurber Clifford H. , Malin Peter E. , Aki Keiiti
Published: March 2023

Fault-zone guided waves were successfully excited by near-surface explosions in the San Andreas fault zone both at Parkfield and Cienega Valley, central California. The guided waves were observed on linear, three-component seismic arrays deployed across the fault trace. These waves were not excited by explosions located outside the fault zone. The amplitude spectra of guided waves show a maximum peak at 2 Hz at Parkfield and 3 Hz at Cienega Valley. The guided wave amplitude decays sharply with observation distance from the fault trace. The explosion-excited fault-zone guided waves are similar to those generated by earthquakes at Parkfield but have lower frequencies and travel more slowly. These observations suggest that the fault-zone wave guide has lower seismic velocities as it approaches the surface at Parkfield. We have modeled the waveforms as S waves trapped in a low-velocity wave guide sandwiched between high-velocity wall rocks, resulting in Love-type fault-zone guided waves. While the results are nonunique, the Parkfield data are adequately fit by a shallow wave guide 170 m wide with an S velocity 0.85 km/sec and an apparent Q ∼ 30 to 40. At Cienega Valley, the fault-zone wave guide appears to be about 120 m wide with an S velocity 0.7 km/sec and a Q ∼ 30.
Static stress changes in extensional regimes: An application to southern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Nostro Concetta , Cocco Massimo , Belardinelli Maria Elina
Published: March 2023

The analysis of static stress changes due to co-seismic dislocations has been widely applied in recent years to study the variation in failure stress on well-known segmented seismogenic faults. These studies assert that earthquakes induce changes in static stress on neighboring faults that may delay, advance, or trigger impending earthquakes. So far, most of the investigations have focused on California strike-slip faults and, more recently, on thrust faults. In this work, we study the static stress changes in an extensional tectonic setting. Following Okada (1992), we calculate static stress changes caused by normal-faulting earthquakes in the southern Apennines (Italy) using a 3D dislocation model in an elastic half-space. We first studied the static stress changes produced by the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. This normal-faulting event consisted of four fault segments that ruptured together within 40 sec. The last two subevents occurred 20 and 40 sec after the nucleation on two normal faults parallel to the main one. Because the rupture of these subvents are separated by a sufficiently long time interval, we assume that, before each subevent, the dynamic stress has reached its static configuration. Therefore, we analyze the static stress changes caused by each subevent in order to determine the variations of the initial conditions for subsequent ruptures. Moreover, we applied our procedure to study the static stress changes after the 1980 Irpinia earthquake on the fault zone where the 1990 and 1991 Potenza earthquakes (M ≈ 5) occurred. Our calculations indicate that, even if the amount of stress change depends on the fault geometry assumed for the 20-sec subevent of the Irpinia fault, the static stress increased on the Potenza fault after the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. This event also increased the static stress on seismogenic faults that are believed to have ruptured in the 1732 and 1857 earthquakes (M ≈ 6.5). In these calculations, we have considered the effect of a regional extensional stress field whose minimum principal axis is horizontal and oriented 216° N. The results show that the 1980 Irpinia earthquake increased the static stress by roughly 1 bar on the 1732 fault zone. Right lateral strike-slip faults oriented nearly E-W, such as the Potenza fault, are favorably oriented with respect to the total stress resulting from the extensional regional stress field and the coseismic stress induced by the Irpinia earthquake. Finally, we investigate the static stress changes caused by several historical earthquakes that occurred along the southern Apennines seismogenic belt. Most of the large historical earthquakes occurred in areas of static stress increase, yielding evidence for fault interaction.
Nonuniqueness of two-dimensional anisotropic tomography
Authors: Mochizuki E.
Published: March 2023

If P-wave velocity depends on azimuth, travel-time tomography is nonunique for external sources and receivers. For two dimension, travel-time data can be completely fitted in terms of isotropic P velocity. We obtain analytic expressions that specify the trade-off between anisotropy and heterogeneity.
2023 Latin American and Caribbean Macroeconomic Report: Preparing the Macroeconomic Terrain for Renewed Growth
Authors: Galindo Arturo , Nuguer Victoria
Published: March 2023

Latin America and the Caribbean faces a triple social, fiscal and growth challenge that is limiting the development of the region and its population. Poverty and inequality levels have worsened, public coffers continue to grapple with the impact of the pandemic, and growth remains below potential. This report explores the main challenges for the region in 2023 in the monetary, fiscal, labor, and financial arenas and identifies public policies that will help policymakers chart a path forward. Latin America and the Caribbean has the tools to address its triple challenge. It needs to harness them to prepare the macroeconomic ground for renewed growth.
Defining marginality in the periurban areas of Quito
Authors: Porreca Riccardo , Rodriguez.Pazmiño Nadia , Geropanta Vasiliki , Bracchi Paola
Published: March 2023

In Latin America, marginality is a complex phenomenon involving various geographically significant factors, including the critical, physical, social, and human aspects. Bouldering areas of cities are often excluded from infrastructural interventions and social policies. In the case of Andean countries such as Ecuador, marginality affects not only rural lands but also in-transition areas between different geographical regions, as in the case of mountainous and coastal zones. These regions are characterized by a wide range of natural resources and climate conditions, and because of their diversity and relative proximity to the major cities, they offer potential for sustainable development. Nonetheless, the lack of infrastructure affects the accessibility of these periurban areas and critically limits their interaction. Drawing on these elements, the paper seeks to investigate whether periurban areas can be considered marginal and what tools can depict an encompassing image of local marginality, stressing its advantages for the local community. Following this idea, the paper focuses on the case of Lloa, a large rural parish in the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ), to determine which criteria can better capture its marginality, considering it as a periurban in-transition area. The paper suggests a cross-discipline methodology to push the limits of the field through the review of a significant body of literature and a thorough qualitative and quantitative analysis of the case study. Finally, the paper emphasizes the inadequacy of the current forms of planning to effectively define the marginality of periurban areas as a whole in the region by reflecting on the case study and through an analysis of the existing land use plans.
An approach to preventing vehicular ad-hoc networks from malicious nodes based on blockchain
Authors: M Azath , Singh Vaishali
Published: March 2023

This study presents a revolutionary blockchain-based security mechanism that authenticates vehicles and instantly alerts other vehicles to unlawful messages. Access should only be allowed to authenticated vehicles in order to increase the network security, and access should be restricted or revoked for any vehicles that exhibit inappropriate behaviour. Vehicles linked to the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) can share data and take immediate action with the help of adjacent infrastructure devices, like streetlights and traffic signals, as well as with one another. In order to maintain efficiency and safety, an intelligent transportation system depends on the flow of information between vehicles. Intelligent vehicles are vulnerable to hacking attacks because they have numerous technical flaws. A proposed security scheme identifies malicious nodes and detects forged messages, based on multiple factors like sender reputation, time and distance effectiveness. This is accomplished by employing environmental sensory data and authenticating the packets, allowing a vehicle to add numerous blocks to the blockchain. Research has been conducted on the bases of safety protection for vehicle systems as a result of security concerns. When the proposed approach is tested on different vehicle and attacker densities, the results indicate that it has a lower authentication delay and higher communication overhead than the other existing approaches. This study explored various threats from malicious nodes and the techniques in which our proposed methodology handles such attacks.
Complex Estimation of the Level of Development of the Regional Industrial Complex
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Kalinina V.V.
Published: March 2023

In article theoretical and methodological approaches of an estimation of a level of development of the regional industry are discussed. Methods of an estimation the industries based on the analysis of a statistical and analytical indicator are considered. The major factors influencing formation and development of an industrial complex of region are revealed. The algorithm of designing, calculation and automation of a rating estimation of a level of development of a regional industrial complex is offered.
Interrelation Between Technical Requipment and Economic-Organizing Mechanism of Foreign Economic Activity
Authors:   Saratov Social-Economic Institute of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Chanisheva S.Yu.
Published: March 2023

The present article is devoted to one of the most urgent items of the stat-of-the-art development of national (domestic) manufacture. The enterprises’ development results in many ways depend on the state of production facilities and rate of competitiveness in the external market. Beneficial effect is possible to be achieved only if sound and regular interaction between two directions of development, such as technical re-equipment and external economic space broadening, will be established.
Organizational and Legal Support Personnel Work
Authors:   Office of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Volga Federal District, Antoshina N.M.
Published: March 2023

Improving the legislation on civil service causes the increasing demands for personnel services to employees of public authorities.
To be digital or not to be, that is the ESG question
Authors: Martín Luis , Sánchez-Ortiz Noelia
Published: March 2023

Avoiding global warming and achieving ESG targets requires new vision and new solutions to old problems. Since we are humans, we have to solve challenges with creativity, science and technology. But now, science is not enough, technology is not enough, and creativity is not enough. We live in an interconnected world which has never seen before. And there is a tool to allow this connectivity among stakeholders, without barriers and at a fraction of the cost of any other solution: the digital technology. Cheap, flexible and without boundaries, it is pushing our creativity to the limit. Being open and digital is the only solution in an interconnected world that needs to be open and transparent. An organization intending to measure, improve or report its ESG impact, needs to be digital. Digitalization needs to be introduced in the current and future processes of the industry, which will increasingly rely on digital technologies, allowing collection of data and its use across the company. There is unanimity concerning digitalization, and the need to increase the penetration of digital tools into the company processes so as to improve the organizations efficiency and for reporting purposes. This paper summarises the contexts of ESG requirements, the associated indexes and the digital technologies that can be considered within the organizations. Then, we describe a proposed approach for mapping the status of digitalization of companies and summarise some examples on how digitalization has impacted the ESG impact of relevant organizations.

Received: 22 November 2022Accepted: 07 December 2022
Integración de los criterios ASG en los modelos de gestión y procesos de negocio
Authors: Kirby Charles
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo expone la necesidad de que la gestión de los aspectos ESG pase de un enfoque reactivo empujado por los cambios regulatorios y las obligaciones de reporting, a uno proactivo, donde los conceptos de sostenibilidad son embebidos en todos y cada uno de los procesos de la empresa, siendo necesario revisar los procesos, la organización y las herramientas de información e integración utilizadas. Tras realizar una reflexión en profundidad sobre modelos de gobierno, modelos operativos y de gestión de riesgos, el artículo destaca el papel que la transformación digital y el desarrollo de ecosistemas de colaboración e innovación a lo largo de las cadenas de valor, como palancas fundamentales de este cambio.

Recibido: 17 octubre 2022Aceptado: 08 noviembre 2022