bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clathrin heavy chain plays multiple roles in polarizing the Drosophila oocyte downstream of Bic-D
Authors: Vazquez-Pianzola Paula , Adam Jacqueline , Haldemann Dominique , Hain Daniel , Urlaub Henning , Suter Beat
Published: April 2014

Bicaudal-D (Bic-D), Egalitarian (Egl), microtubules and their motors form a transport machinery that localizes a remarkable diversity of mRNAs to specific cellular regions during oogenesis and embryogenesis. Bic-D family proteins also promote dynein-dependent transport of Golgi vesicles, lipid droplets, synaptic vesicles and nuclei. However, the transport of these different cargoes is still poorly understood. We searched for novel proteins that either mediate Bic-D-dependent transport processes or are transported by them. Clathrin heavy chain (Chc) co-immunopurifies with Bic-D in embryos and ovaries, and a fraction of Chc colocalizes with Bic-D. Both proteins control posterior patterning of the Drosophila oocyte and endocytosis. Although the role of Chc in endocytosis is well established, our results show that Bic-D is also needed for the elevated endocytic activity at the posterior of the oocyte. Apart from affecting endocytosis indirectly by its role in osk mRNA localization, Bic-D is also required to transport Chc mRNA into the oocyte and for transport and proper localization of Chc protein to the oocyte cortex, pointing to an additional, more direct role of Bic-D in the endocytic pathway. Furthermore, similar to Bic-D, Chc also contributes to proper localization of osk mRNA and to oocyte growth. However, in contrast to other endocytic components and factors of the endocytic recycling pathway, such as Rabenosyn-5 (Rbsn-5) and Rab11, Chc is needed during early stages of oogenesis (from stage 6 onwards) to localize osk mRNA correctly. Moreover, we also uncovered a novel, presumably endocytosis-independent, role of Chc in the establishment of microtubule polarity in stage 6 oocytes.
Semaphorin 5B is a repellent cue for sensory afferents projecting into the developing spinal cord
Authors: Liu Rachel Q. , Wang Wenyan , Legg Arthur , Abramyan John , O'Connor Timothy P.
Published: April 2014

During vertebrate development, centrally projecting sensory axons of the dorsal root ganglia neurons first reach the embryonic spinal cord at the dorsolateral margin. Instead of immediately projecting into the grey matter, they bifurcate and extend rostrally and caudally to establish the longitudinal dorsal funiculus during a stereotyped waiting period of approximately 48 h. Collateral fibres then extend concurrently across multiple spinal segments and project to their appropriate targets within the grey matter. This rostrocaudal extension of sensory afferents is crucial for the intersegmental processing of information throughout the spinal cord. However, the precise cues that prevent premature entry during the waiting period remain to be identified. Here, we show that semaphorin 5B (Sema5B), a member of the semaphorin family of guidance molecules, is expressed in the chick spinal cord during this waiting period and dorsal funiculus formation. Sema5B expression is dynamic, with a reduction of expression apparent in the spinal cord concomitant with collateral extension. We show that Sema5B inhibits the growth of NGF-dependent sensory axons and that this effect is mediated in part through the cell adhesion molecule TAG-1. Knockdown of Sema5B in the spinal cord using RNA interference leads to the premature extension of cutaneous nociceptive axons into the dorsal horn grey matter. These premature projections predominantly occur at the site of dorsal root entry. Our results suggest that Sema5B contributes to a repulsive barrier for centrally projecting primary sensory axons, forcing them to turn and establish the dorsal funiculus.
A TALEN-based strategy for efficient bi-allelic miRNA ablation in human cells
Authors: Uhde-Stone Claudia , Sarkar Nandita , Antes Travis , Otoc Nicole , Kim Young , Jiang Yan J. , Lu Biao
Published: April 2014

Significant progress in the functional understanding of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been made in mice, but a need remains to develop efficient tools for bi-allelic knockouts of miRNA in the human genome. Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) provide an exciting platform for targeted gene ablation in cultured human cells, but bi-allelic modifications induced by TALENs alone occur at low frequency, making screening for double knockouts a tedious task. Here, we present an approach that is highly efficient in bi-allelic miRNA ablation in the human genome by combining TALENs targeting to the miRNA seed region with a homologous recombination donor vector and a positive selection strategy. A pilot test of this approach demonstrates bi-allelic miR-21 gene disruption at high frequency (∼87%) in cultured HEK293 cells. Analysis of three independent clones showed a total loss of miR-21 expression. Phenotypical analysis revealed increased miR-21 target gene expression, reduced cell proliferation, and alterations of global miRNA expression profiles. Taken together, our study reveals a feasible and efficient approach for bi-allelic miRNA ablation in cultured human cells and demonstrates its usefulness in elucidating miRNA function in human cells.
Egypt's Age of Transition: Unintentional Cosmopolitanism during the Reign of Muhammad ‘Alī (1805–1848)
Authors: Marwa El Ashmouni  , Katharine Bartsch
Published: April 2014

This article examines cosmopolitanism during the reign of Muhammad ‘Alī whose architectural patronage was intertwined with his political aspirations for independence and reform. The Alabaster Mosque and Shubra Palace were prominent in the image of the nascent state and they serve as potent examples of the Pasha's openness to diverse ideas (which was highly controlled) and his cultivation of multiple loyalties in the effort to consolidate power. Connecting Muhammad Alī's“enframing of modernity,” posited by Timothy Mitchell in Colonising Egypt (1988), with Ulrich Beck's articulation of“unintentional cosmopolitanism,” in The Cosmopolitan Vision (2006), these projects are interpreted as a“side-effect” of the Pasha's efforts to materialize both national and imperial aspirations. This cosmopolitan lens provides a timely insight into the complex cultural encounters that have shaped Egyptian history, given the recent protests against existing regimes and imperialist forces of global capitalism; forces which, similarly, thwarted ‘Alī's endeavors in the nineteenth century.
Antioxidant capacity and lipid stability egg during processing and storage.
Authors: Carvalho Michelle Garcêz , Tenuta Filho Alfredo
Published: April 2014

Different processing conditions, packaging and storage can affect the natural antioxidant protection of the egg. Thus, the objectives were: (a) To standardize a methodology able to evaluate in vitro antioxidant capacity of fresh and processed egg, (b) investigate the effect of pasteurization and spray on the oxidative stability of the lipid fraction of egg and (c) evaluate the antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability of fatty acids from whole egg pasteurized atomized, bottle of high density polyethylene, opaque, under nitrogen, at 5±2ºC for up to 90 days. The phosphomolybdenum method to measure the total antioxidant capacity of lipid fraction (CATL) Egg presented analytical adequacy, with a limit of quantification of 0.017 mg α-tocoferol/mL. The CATL decreased with the progress of processing and the reverse was observed for the lipids, 7-CETO (7-ketocholesterol) and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). The pasteurized egg atomized (OIPA) kept under ideal storage conditions considered stable in relation to hydration, CATL and TBARS. It is concluded that the method of phosphomolybdenum suitability presented analytical sufficient. Pasteurization did not affect any of the parameters evaluated, but the atomization caused significant decrease CATL, and elevated lipids, TBARS and 7-CETO. Was maintained hydration and stability of the lipid OIPA stored for 90 days at 5°C, indicating that the conditions for packaging and storage were effective. 

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.102
Congruence kernels around affine curves
Authors: Kent IV Richard Peabody
Published: April 2014

Let S be a smooth affine algebraic curve, and let

S
˚

${\text{{$\mathring{S}$}}}$

be the Riemann surface obtained by removing a point from S.
We provide evidence for the congruence subgroup property of mapping class groups by showing that the congruence kernel

ker

Mod
(

S
˚

)

^

→
Out

(

π
1

(

S
˚

)

^

)

$
\ker \Bigl (\widehat{\mathrm {Mod}(\mathring{S})} \rightarrow \mathrm {Out}(\widehat{\pi _1(\mathring{S})})\Bigr )
$

lies in the centralizer of every braid in

Mod
(

S
˚

)

${{\mathrm {Mod}(\text{{$\mathring{S}$}})}}$

.
As a corollary, we obtain a new proof of Asada's theorem that the congruence subgroup property holds in genus one.
We also obtain simple-connectivity of Boggi's procongruence curve complex

𝒞
ˇ

(

S
˚

)

${\check{\mathcal {C}}(\text{{$\mathring{S}$}})}$

when S is affine, and a new proof of Matsumoto's theorem that the congruence kernel depends only on the genus in the affine case.
Swelling characterization of photo-cross-linked gelatin methacrylate spherical microgels for bioencapsulation
Authors: Jung Jinmu , Oh Jonghyun
Published: April 2014

The swelling behavior of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers is important for the delivery and release of cells and drugs in biomedical applications. This study reported the swelling characteristics of photo-cross-linked gelatin methacrylate (GelMa) spherical microgels. Spherical microgels were generated in a microfluidic system consisting of a co-axial flow-focusing device for microdroplet generation and an ultraviolet (UV) irradiation apparatus for polymerization. At a low flow rate ratio (<0.14), the 9 wt.% GelMa spherical microgels were smaller than the 6 wt.% ones. In contrast, at a high flow rate ratio (>0.14), the results were reversed. Overall, a proportional relationship was observed between the flow rate ratio and the droplet size. The increased GelMa concentration improved the mechanical properties and increased the swelling ratios. The possibility of bioencapsulation was demonstrated, with good viability of 3T3 cells encapsulated in the spherical microgels.
Roles of oxidative stress, adiponectin, and nuclear hormone receptors in obesity-associated insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Matsuda Morihiro , Shimomura Iichiro
Published: April 2014

Obesity leads to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A better understanding of the molecular basis of obesity will lead to the establishment of effective prevention strategies for cardiovascular diseases. Adipocytes have been shown to generate a variety of endocrine factors termed adipokines/adipocytokines. Obesity-associated changes to these adipocytokines contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Adiponectin, which is one of the most well-characterized adipocytokines, is produced exclusively by adipocytes and exerts insulin-sensitizing and anti-atherogenic effects. Obese subjects have lower levels of circulating adiponectin, and this is recognized as one of the factors involved in obesity-induced insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Another pathophysiological feature of obesity may involve the low-grade chronic inflammation in adipose tissue. This inflammatory process increases oxidative stress in adipose tissue, which may affect remote organs, leading to the development of diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) regulate the transcription of the target genes in response to binding with their ligands, which include metabolic and nutritional substrates. Among the various NRs, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ promotes the transcription of adiponectin and antioxidative enzymes, whereas mineralocorticoid receptor mediates the effects of aldosterone and glucocorticoid to induce oxidative stress in adipocytes. It is hypothesized that both play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of obesity-associated insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, reduced adiponectin and increased oxidative stress play pathological roles in obesity-associated insulin resistance to increase the cardiovascular disease risk, and various NRs may be involved in this pathogenesis.
Vernetzte Selbsthilfe in Sozialen Medien am Beispiel des Hochwassers 2013 / Linked Self-Help in Social Media using the example of the Floods 2013 in Germany
Authors: Kaufhold Marc-André , Reuter Christian
Published: April 2014

Dieser Artikel untersucht den Einsatz sozialer Medien während des Hochwassers 2013 in Deutschland. Über Twitter, Facebook, Google Maps und auf weiteren Plattformen koordinierten betroffene Bürger und freiwillige Helfer untereinander Hilfsaktivitäten und lieferten dabei einen ergänzenden und signifikanten Beitrag zum offiziellen Katastrophenschutz. Neben der qualitativen Analyse ausgewählter, entstandener Hilfsnetzwerke wurden zusätzlich Interviews mit Facebook-Gruppengründern geführt. Die Ziele dieser Studie liegen zum einen in der Analyse des Benutzungsverhaltens sozialer Medien in Katastrophenlagen, zum anderen in der Identifikation von Gestaltungs- und Erweiterungspotenzialen für soziale Medien im Katastrophenschutz.
Tashlhiyt's ban of complex syllable onsets: phonetic and perceptual evidence
Authors: Ridouane Rachid , Hermes Anne , Hallé Pierre
Published: April 2014

Tashlhiyt is famous for its particularly marked syllable structure. Unlike the majority of world languages, including some related Berber varieties, Tashlhiyt allows not only vowels but all consonants – including voiceless stops /t/, /k/ or /q/ – to be nuclei of a syllable (e.g., [tkmi] `she smoked' is analyzed as bisyllabic where the sequence [tk] stands for a syllable of its own with /k/ as the nucleus). A fundamental aspect of this analysis concerns constraints on the syllable onset constituent: complex onsets are prohibited. A consequence of this is that prevocalic consonant clusters are systematically parsed as heterosyllabic, regardless of the sonority profile of the consonants and the position of the cluster within a word or a phrase. This study provides phonetic and metalinguistic data to test this phonological account on experimental grounds. The analysis of these data provides clear evidence that Tashlhiyt disallows complex syllable onsets.
Foundations for a typology of the annexed/absolute state systems in Berber
Authors: Mettouchi Amina
Published: April 2014

Several Berber languages are characterized by a binary system of inflectional marking on the noun called ``states''. This study is a first step towards a complete analysis of the absolute vs. annexed state distinction in Berber languages. It provides a framework for a typological comparison of the systems of state-marking in Berber, gives an overview of their features in four Berber languages (Western Kabyle, Shawiya (Aït Frah), Wargli (Teggargrent) and Tahaggart (Hoggar Tuareg), and proposes typological generalizations to be tested on other Berber languages.
Typology of Eastern Medieval Berber
Authors: Brugnatelli Vermondo
Published: April 2014

The discovery of a long text in medieval Berber provides the opportunity to gain a deeper insight into the typological features of an old variety of Berber. Some of these are presented and briefly discussed here. Besides a number of features typical of the Eastern Berber varieties, many archaic features emerge, and this may contribute to advancing our understanding of the diachronic evolution of the Berber languages.
Coexistence of Cavernous Hemangioma and Other Vascular Malformations of the Orbit
Authors: Strianese Diego , Napoli Manuela , Russo Carmela , D'Errico Arianna , Scotti Nadia , Puoti Gianfranco , Bonavolontà Giulio , Tranfa Fausto , Briganti Francesco
Published: April 2014

Coexistence of orbital cavernous hemangioma and other vascular malformations is unusual and few cases have been reported. We describe the clinical and radiological features of three cases of orbital cavernous hemangiomas associated with other vascular malformations, selected reviewing a series of 181 cases of cavernous hemangiomas. All patients were males (age ranging from 43 to 67 years) without vascular systemic disorders and/or a clinical syndrome. They experienced slow progressive exophthalmos. One of them developed acute pulsatile proptosis (case 2), while another experienced slow progressive diplopia (case 3). In one case vascular lesions were bilateral (case 3) and in two patients two different lesions coexisted in the same orbit (cases 1 and 2). All patients underwent surgical excision, which was partial in two cases. Two patients had cavernous hemangiomas in association with a venous malformation (a varix in case 1 and a lymphangioma in case 2), while in the other ones (case 3) cavernous hemangioma was associated with a low-flow arteriovenous malformation. No patient denied visual impairment postoperatively. Few cases of orbital cavernous hemangiomas coexisting with other vascular malformations have been reported in the literature. This entity seems to be an association of different variants of orbital vascular malformations, presenting with a wide spectrum of clinical forms and probably with the same pathogenesis.
Flat Panel Angiography Images in the Post-Operative Follow-Up of Surgically Clipped Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Budai Caterina , Cirillo Luigi , Patruno Francesco , Dall'Olio Massimo , Princiotta Ciro , Leonardi Marco
Published: April 2014

Cerebral aneurysms must be monitored for varying periods after surgical and/or endovascular treatment and the duration of follow-up will depend on the type of therapy and the immediate post-operative outcome. Surgical clipping for intracranial aneurysms is a valid treatment but the metal clips generate artefacts so that follow-up monitoring still relies on catheter angiography. This study reports our preliminary experience with volumetric angiography using a Philips Allura Xper FD biplane system in the post-operative monitoring of aneurysm residues or major vascular changes following the surgical clipping of intracranial aneurysms.

Volumetric angiography yields not only volume-rendered (VR) images, but a volume CT can also be reconstructed at high spatial and contrast resolution from a single acquisition, significantly enhancing the technique's diagnostic power. Between August 2012 and April 2013, we studied 19 patients with a total of 26 aneurysms treated by surgical clipping alone or in combination with endovascular treatment. All patients underwent standard post-operative angiographic follow-up including a rotational volumetric acquisition. Follow-up monitoring disclosed eight aneurysm residues whose assessment was optimal after surgical clipping both in patients with one metal clip and in those with two or more clips. In addition, small residues (1.3 mm) could be monitored together with any change in the calibre or course of vessels located adjacent to the clips. In conclusion, flat panel volume CT is much more reliable than the old 3D acquisitions that yielded only VR images. This is particularly true in patients with small aneurysm residues or lesions with multiple metal clips.
Arachnoid Cyst of the Cavum Velum Interpositum in a Septuagenarian: Radiological Features and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Rajesh S , Bhatnagar Shorav , Chauhan Udit , Gupta Shailesh , Agarwal Nitesh , Kasana Vivek
Published: April 2014

The cavum velum interpositum (CVI) is a thin, triangular-shaped cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled space between the lateral ventricles that lies below the fornices and above the third ventricle. It is a normal variant seen in premature and newborn infants and usually disappears with brain maturation. CVI is rarely seen in adults as a persistent primitive structure. Although moderate cystic dilatation of the CVI may sometimes be observed, a true large cyst is extremely rare with only a handful of reported cases, mostly in children and adolescents. We describe the case of CVI arachnoid cyst diagnosed on imaging in a septuagenarian with the complaint of occasional headaches.
Use of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values for Diagnosis of Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors
Authors: Pierce Theodore , Kranz Peter G. , Roth Christopher , Leong Dalun , Wei Peter , Provenzale James M.
Published: April 2014

We prospectively compared the ability of neuroradiologists to diagnose medulloblastoma with novice raters using only apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values measured on ADC maps. One hundred and three pediatric patients with pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging scans showing a posterior fossa tumor with histological verification were retrospectively identified from a ten-year period at a tertiary care medical center. A single observer measured the lowest ADC values in all tumors to determine the mean minimum ADC (ADCmin) value that provided greatest accuracy in distinguishing medulloblastomas from other tumors, which was determined to be 0.66×10−3 mm2/s. Imaging studies, including ADC maps, from 90 patients were provided to two neuroradiologists, who provided a diagnosis, which was later dichotomized as medulloblastoma or other. Two medical students measured ADCmin within tumors and those with ADCmin < 0.66×10−3 mm2/s were recorded as medulloblastoma; any other value was recorded as other. Diagnostic accuracy was measured. ADCmin values allowed a correct identification of lesions as either medulloblastoma or other in 91% of cases. After diagnoses by the two neuroradiologists were categorized as either medulloblastoma or other, their diagnoses were correct in 90% and 84% of cases, respectively. In 19 cases, at least one neuroradiologist was incorrect; the addition of ADC values to clinical interpretation would have allowed a correct diagnosis in 63% of such cases. Diagnostic accuracy based on ADC values by medical students was comparable to that of sub specialty-trained neuroradiologists. Our findings suggest that the addition of ADC values to standard film interpretation may improve the diagnostic rate for these tumors.
Into the Septum I Go, a Case of Bilateral Ectopic Infraorbital Nerves: A Not-to-Miss Preoperative Sinonasal CT Variant
Authors: Elnil Hosam , Al-Tubaikh Jarrah A , El Beltagi Ahmed H.
Published: April 2014

An ectopic course of the infraorbital nerve is a very rare anatomical variant of the sinonasal anatomy that carries the risk of inadvertent nerve injury during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. We describe herein a case of bilateral ectopic course of the infraorbital nerve into a maxillary sinus septum detected on computed tomography in a patient complaining of chronic headache and facial pain.
Educação permanente em saúde: metassíntese
Authors: Miccas Fernanda Luppino , Batista Sylvia Helena Souza da Silva
Published: April 2014

OBJETIVO : Realizar metassíntese da literatura sobre os principais conceitos e práticas relacionados à educação permanente em saúde. MÉTODOS : Foi realizada busca bibliográfica de artigos originais nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, IBECS e SciELO, utilizando os seguintes descritores: “ public health professional education ”, “ permanent education”, “continuing education ”, “ permanent education health ”. De um total de 590 artigos identificados, após os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 48 para análise, os quais foram submetidos à análise individual, análise comparativa, análise com critérios de agrupamentos de elementos-chave e submetidos à metassíntese. RESULTADOS : Os 48 artigos originais foram classificados como elementos-chave em quatro unidades temáticas: 1) Concepções; 2) Estratégias e dificuldades; 3) Políticas públicas; e 4) Instituições formadoras. Foram encontradas três concepções principais de educação permanente em saúde: problematizadora e focada no trabalho em equipe, diretamente relacionada à educação continuada e educação que se dá ao longo da vida. As principais estratégias para efetivação da educação permanente foram a problematização, manutenção de espaços para a educação permanente e polos de educação permanente. O maior fator limitante foi relacionado à gerência direta ou indireta. Foram indicadas a necessidade de implementação e manutenção de políticas públicas, além de disponibilidade de recursos financeiros e de recursos humanos. As instituições formadoras teriam necessidade de articular ensino e serviço para a formação de egressos críticos-reflexivos. CONCLUSÕES : A articulação educação e saúde encontra-se pautada tanto nas ações dos serviços de saúde, quanto de gestão e de instituições formadoras. Assim, torna-se um desafio implementar processos de ensino-aprendizagem que sejam respaldados por ações crítico-reflexivas. É necessário realizar propostas de educação permanente em saúde com a participação de profissionais dos serviços, professores e profissionais das instituições de ensino.
Fatores de risco para absenteísmo com licença médica em trabalhadores da indústria de petróleo
Authors: Oenning Nágila Soares Xavier , Carvalho Fernando Martins , Lima Veronica Maria Cadena
Published: April 2014

OBJETIVO : Identificar fatores de risco para o absenteísmo com licença médica em trabalhadores de empresa de petróleo. MÉTODOS : Estudo caso-controle (120 casos e 656 controles) aninhado a um estudo de coorte retrospectivo com todos os trabalhadores de uma empresa de petróleo na Região Norte-Nordeste do Brasil entre 2007 e 2009. A variável resposta utilizada para representar o absenteísmo com licença médica foi a incidência média de faltas com licenças médicas no período, definida pela razão entre o total de dias de licenças médicas e os dias potencialmente trabalháveis no período. Análise de regressão logística foi utilizada para investigar a associação entre incidência média de faltas > 5,0% no período e as variáveis sexo, cargo, idade, tempo de atuação, regime de trabalho, tabagismo, hipertensão arterial, índice de massa corporal, atividade física, risco coronariano, sono, glicemia, diabetes não controlado, doença do aparelho cardiovascular, digestivo, aparelho locomotor, neurológica, neoplasia, posturas forçadas no trabalho, satisfação com o trabalho, relacionamento com a chefia e atenção concentrada no trabalho. RESULTADOS : A incidência média de faltas com licenças médicas > 5,0% no período da coorte foi 15,5%. O modelo logístico revelou que trabalhadores com incidência média de faltas > 5,0% tiveram 2,6 vezes mais chance de ser do sexo feminino; 2,0 vezes mais chance de ser fumante; 1,8 vez mais chance de ser ex-fumante, 2,2 vezes mais chance de relatar sono anormal e 10,5 vezes mais chance de estarem insatisfeitos com o trabalho do que trabalhadores com incidência média de faltas ≤ 5,0% no período. CONCLUSÕES : Sexo feminino, ser fumante ou ex-fumante, estar insatisfeito com o trabalho e relatar sono anormal são bons preditores de absenteísmo ao trabalho por doença.
Clinical nursing care to comfort women with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ponte Keila Maria de Azevedo , Silva Lúcia de Fátima da , Aragão Antonia Eliana de Araújo , Guedes Maria Vilani Cavalcante , Zagonel Ivete Palmira Sanson
Published: April 2014

The objective of this article was to describe the contribution of clinical nursing care to the environmental comfort of women with Acute Myocardial Infarction, based on the Comfort Theory and mediated by the research-care approach. Data collection took place from April to June 2011 with nine women admitted with an infarction to the Heart Hospital of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Four meetings were held; the first being four starting at the admission to the hospital. The participants were informed about the study objectives and the proposed method, and following care was provided based both on method and theory. Data collection was performed using individual semi-structured interviews, field diary, participant observation and thematic category content analysis. The clinical care implemented in the environmental context aimed at promoting adaptation to the coronary care unit and also providing an enabling environment for comfort and relaxed atmosphere. Clinical care targeted at promoting environmental comfort contributes to the wellbeing of women with infarction.
Representations about suicide of women with history of domestic violence and suicide attempt
Authors: Correia Cíntia Mesquita , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Couto Telmara Menezes , Rodrigues Adriana Diniz , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Diniz Normélia Maria Freire
Published: April 2014

Suicide attempt is characterized by complex and multifaceted phenomena with significance on global public health. The aim of this study was to grasp the structure of social representations of suicide of women with history of domestic violence and suicide attempt. The study was developed with a qualitative approach, based on the Theory of Social Representations. There were 30 women that responded the Free Word Association Test, all of them with history of domestic violence and suicide attempt by poisoning. Data were processed through the EVOC software and the results were grouped into three categories: core elements, intermediate elements and peripheral elements. The representation of women about suicide is related to life histories characterized by rejection and lack of love, which leads to disease, especially because of depression. The feeling of powerlessness in face of the need for change and release produce emotional problems that culminate in the decision of committing suicide.
Non-pharmacological methods for relief of discomfort and pain in newborns: a collective nursing construction
Authors: Cordeiro Raquel Alves , Costa Roberta
Published: April 2014

This is a convergent care study with the aim to build, together with the nursing staff, a proposal for care protocol based on non-pharmacological methods for discomfort and pain management in newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. The study was carried out in a neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital with 16 nursing staff professionals. Data were collected in two stages: first, a reflective-educational process was performed and, afterwards, a participant observation during the different work shifts of the nursing staff. The care protocol proposal will enable the standardization of care strategies for pain management in newborns using non-pharmacological methods. Furthermore, it will contribute to provide better care in the neonatal unit, reducing pain and discomfort experienced during hospitalization, as well as resulting in fewer consequences and better quality of life for the newborns and their families.
Use of personal protective equipment by gas stations workers: a nursing contribution
Authors: Rocha Laurelize Pereira , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina , Almeida Marlise Capa Verde de , Bonow Clarice Alves , Silva Mara Santos da , Costa Valdecir Zavarese da
Published: April 2014

This study's objective was to identify the use of personal protective equipment by gas stations' workers in the city of Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. This quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study was conducted with 221 workers from 22 gas stations using a questionnaire and non-participative and symmetrical observation. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis and question quality was controlled through Cronbach's alpha test, which obtained a result of 0.96. The results indicate a predominance of multitasking, while workers self-reported the use of boots, aprons, gloves, masks, goggles, earplugs and uniforms. Observation, however, showed incoherence in the workers' reports, since only boots and uniforms were actually used. The results show there is a need for nurses to implement protective and preventive actions to assure workers are not exposed to risks and hazards, while also encouraging health surveillance.
Position of arm and forearm, and elbow flexion during performance of the sculling technique: Technical recommendation versus actual performance
Authors: Gomes Lara Elena , Melo Mônica de Oliveira , Tremea Victor Wigner , Torre Marcelo La , Silva Yumie Okuyama da , Castro Flávio de Souza , Loss Jefferson Fagundes
Published: April 2014

Sculling motion is a swimming technique executed in a vertical position with the head above the water's surface and, based on the technical recommendation, should be performed maintaining an elbow flexion angle of 90°, arms kept stationary while the forearms move. In order to verify if this recommendation is indeed realistic, the aim of this study was to describe the elbow flexion angle ant its angular velocity, linear speed and range of motion of the shoulder, elbow and wrist during the sculling motion. Data were calculated using three-dimensional kinematic process from underwater video images of ten athletes of synchronized swimming. The results indicate that the arm is relatively stationary and the forearm moves, which agrees with the technical recommendation. However, the elbow flexes and extends, which contradicts the technical recommendation. These findings should be considered when this action is practiced, especially in synchronized swimming, in which sculling motion is a fundamental technique.
Electromyographic analysis of the vertebral extensor muscles during the Biering-Sorensen Test
Authors: Santana Ligia Moreira de , Nascimento Paulo Roberto Carvalho do , Lima Thais de Sousa , Lopes Ana Carolina Tocilo , Araujo Amanda Costa , Azevedo Fábio Mícolis de , Negrão Filho Rúben de Faria
Published: April 2014

The purpose of the study was to analyze the electromyographic signal of the multifidus, longissimus thoracis and the lumbar iliocostalis muscles during the Biering-Sorensen test in subjects without lower back pain. Twenty volunteers performed the test on three separate occasions. An analysis of variance detected a difference between the three test times (p = 0.0026). For the frequency domain, it was observed that there were differences between the multifidus and the lumbar erectors muscles; longissimus and iliocostalis muscles. However, in the time domain analysis, no difference was observed. As the values of the slope coefficients of median frequencies were higher for the multifidus muscle, compared to the longissimus and lumbar iliocostalis muscles, this may indicate a higher tendency toward muscle fatigue. Therefore, considering the applied methodology, the study of electromyographic signals in the frequency domain should be considered as an instrument to assess fatigue of the spinal extensor muscles in clinical situations.
Desenvolvimento cognitivo e linguagem em prematuros
Authors: Viana Tatiana Plutarco , Andrade Izabella Santos Nogueira de , Lopes Ana Nádia Macedo
Published: April 2014

Objetivo : Correlacionar os aspectos do desenvolvimento cognitivo e de linguagem em prematuros de 24 a 42 meses de idade cronológica. Métodos : Estudo quantitativo, de caráter analítico e transversal, realizado no período de fevereiro a dezembro de 2012. A amostra foi constituída por dez crianças prematuras, na faixa etária cronológica de 24 a 42 meses. As crianças foram submetidas à aplicação da Escala de Desenvolvimento Infantil de Bayley – III e avaliadas mediante as subescalas de cognição, linguagem receptiva e expressiva. Resultados : Observou-se significância estatística na correlação das idades cronológica e corrigida com as idades do desenvolvimento cognitivo e de linguagem. Na correlação da idade cronológica com as habilidades cognitiva e de linguagem, houve significância estatística quanto à capacidade de apreensão e manipulação de objetos e na construção e habilidade de permanência dos objetos. Na correlação da idade do desenvolvimento com as habilidades de cognição e linguagem, constatou-se significância estatística em todas as habilidades cognitivas. Não houve correlação significativa entre idade do desenvolvimento de linguagem expressiva e habilidades de linguagem receptiva. Conclusão : Confirmou-se correlação das idades cronológica e corrigida com a idade do desenvolvimento cognitivo e de linguagem. As habilidades de linguagem receptiva e expressiva mostraram-se com desenvolvimento distinto, todavia, dependentes da cognição.
Avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo pré e pós treinamento auditivo formal em indivíduos após traumatismo cranioencefálico
Authors: Marangoni Andréa Tortosa , Gil Daniela
Published: April 2014

Objetivo : Verificar os efeitos do treinamento auditivo formal em indivíduos após traumatismo cranioencefálico, utilizando testes comportamentais. Métodos : Nove indivíduos audiologicamente normais, que haviam sofrido traumatismo cranioencefálico grave, com lesão axional difusa, com ou sem lesão focal associada, foram submetidos à avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo pré e pós treinamento auditivo formal em cabina acústica, organizado em oito sessões, visando o treinamento das habilidades auditivas de ordenação temporal, fechamento auditivo e figura-fundo. Resultados : Observou-se melhora no desempenho em todos os testes, após o treinamento, refletindo em uma melhora das habilidades auditivas de ordenação temporal e figura-fundo, para sons verbais. Quanto aos processos gnósicos alterados, observou-se melhora significativa para codificação (perda gradual de memória e integração sensorial) e organização. Conclusão : Indivíduos com lesão axional difusa, após sofrerem traumatismo cranioencefálico grave, apresentaram adequação das habilidades auditivas de figura-fundo, ordenação e resolução temporal, evidenciadas na avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo, pós treinamento auditivo formal.
Zumbido em uma população ribeirinha exposta ao metilmercúrio
Authors: Cardoso Nathalia Alves , Hoshino Ana Cristina Hiromi , Perez Maurício Andrade , Bastos Wanderley Rodrigues , Carvalho Denise Pires de , Câmara Volney de Magalhães
Published: April 2014

Objetivo : Estudar a prevalência de zumbido, verificando se há associação entre a queixa desse sintoma e o teor de mercúrio e mensurar seu impacto na qualidade de vida. Métodos : Estudo seccional em toda a população do Lago do Puruzinho, localizada na margem esquerda do Rio Madeira, cidade de Humaitá, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Todos os residentes maiores de 18 anos, de ambos os gêneros, foram submetidos à anamnese, avaliação otorrinolaringológica e exame audiológico. Os indivíduos que apresentaram queixa de zumbido responderam à versão traduzida do questionário Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Também foram pesquisados os teores de mercúrio total no cabelo desses indivíduos. Resultados: Para análise dos resultados sobre a queixa de zumbido, os sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos quanto à presença ou não de zumbido. O Grupo 1 foi composto por indivíduos que apresentaram queixa de zumbido e o Grupo 2, por indivíduos sem zumbido. Foi observado que 40% dos indivíduos apresentaram escores do THI compatíveis com handicap leve. A análise da associação da presença de zumbido com os teores de mercúrio total no cabelo mostrou que ambos os grupos apresentaram níveis elevados de mercúrio, porém não ocorreram diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão : Um quarto dos ribeirinhos apresentou queixa de zumbido e exposição significativa ao mercúrio, mas não houve associação entre o zumbido e os níveis elevados de mercúrio.
The Clinical Approach Toward Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
Authors: van der Heijden Lizz , Dijkstra P.D. Sander , van de Sande Michiel A.J. , Kroep Judith R. , Nout Remi A. , van Rijswijk Carla S.P. , Bovée Judith V.M.G. , Hogendoorn Pancras C.W. , Gelderblom Hans
Published: April 2014

We provide an overview of imaging, histopathology, genetics, and multidisciplinary treatment of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), an intermediate, locally aggressive but rarely metastasizing tumor. Overexpression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) by mononuclear neoplastic stromal cells promotes recruitment of numerous reactive multinucleated giant cells. Conventional radiographs show a typical eccentric lytic lesion, mostly located in the meta-epiphyseal area of long bones. GCTB may also arise in the axial skeleton and very occasionally in the small bones of hands and feet. Magnetic resonance imaging is necessary to evaluate the extent of GCTB within bone and surrounding soft tissues to plan a surgical approach. Curettage with local adjuvants is the preferred treatment. Recurrence rates after curettage with phenol and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA; 8%–27%) or cryosurgery and PMMA (0%–20%) are comparable. Resection is indicated when joint salvage is not feasible (e.g., intra-articular fracture with soft tissue component). Denosumab (RANKL inhibitor) blocks and bisphosphonates inhibit GCTB-derived osteoclast resorption. With bisphosphonates, stabilization of local and metastatic disease has been reported, although level of evidence was low. Denosumab has been studied to a larger extent and seems to be effective in facilitating intralesional surgery after therapy. Denosumab was recently registered for unresectable disease. Moderate-dose radiotherapy (40–55 Gy) is restricted to rare cases in which surgery would lead to unacceptable morbidity and RANKL inhibitors are contraindicated or unavailable.
Noncoding RNAs in Endocrine Malignancy
Authors: Kentwell Jessica , Gundara Justin S. , Sidhu Stan B.
Published: April 2014

Only recently has it been uncovered that the mammalian transcriptome includes a large number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a variety of important regulatory roles in gene expression and other biological processes. Among numerous kinds of ncRNAs, short noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs, have been extensively investigated with regard to their biogenesis, function, and importance in carcinogenesis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have only recently been implicated in playing a key regulatory role in cancer biology. The deregulation of ncRNAs has been demonstrated to have important roles in the regulation and progression of cancer development. In this review, we describe the roles of both short noncoding RNAs (including microRNAs, small nuclear RNAs, and piwi-interacting RNAs) and lncRNAs in carcinogenesis and outline the possible underlying genetic mechanisms, with particular emphasis on clinical applications. The focus of our review includes studies from the literature on ncRNAs in traditional endocrine-related cancers, including thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine malignancies. The current and potential future applications of ncRNAs in clinical cancer research is also discussed, with emphasis on diagnosis and future treatment.
Identification of Clinically Relevant Molecular Subtypes in Colorectal Cancer: The Dawning of a New Era
Authors: Johnston Patrick G.
Published: April 2014

In recent years, a number of protein and genomic-based biomarkers have begun to refine the prognostic information available for colorectal cancer (CRC) and predict defined patient groups that are likely to benefit from systemic treatment or targeted therapies. Of these, KRAS represents the first biomarker integrated into clinical practice for CRC. Microarray-based gene expression profiling has been used to identify prognostic signatures and, to a lesser extent, predictive signatures in CRC. Despite these advances, a number of major challenges remain. This article, which is based on a lecture delivered as part of the 2013 Bob Pinedo Cancer Care Prize, reviews the impact of molecular biomarkers on the management of CRC, emphasizing changes that have occurred in recent years, and focuses on potential mechanisms of patient stratification and opportunities for novel therapeutic development based on enhanced biological understanding of colorectal cancer.
Diagnosing causes of lining cracks in mountain tunnels
Authors: Lee Chia-Han , Wang Tai-Tien
Published: April 2014

Identifying causes of lining anomalies is essential to safety evaluations and repair measures for an existing tunnel. Based on particular inspection cases and scientific literature, potential causes of lining cracks are examined in detail, and the relationships between the causes and eight patterns of lining cracks are identified. This study investigates the characteristics of these typical cracks, characterises their spatial distribution digitally and develops an approach for diagnosing causes of lining cracks in mountain tunnels. A railway tunnel is investigated to validate the proposed approach for diagnosing causes of lining cracks, and is used as an example to demonstrate the use of the proposed approach.
Estimation of daily dew point temperature using genetic programming and neural networks approaches
Authors: Shiri Jalal , Kim Sungwon , Kisi Ozgur
Published: April 2014

The present study investigates the ability of two different artificial neural network (ANN) models and gene expression programming (GEP) technique for estimating daily dew point temperature by using recorded weather data. The weather data used consist of 8 years of daily records of air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, incoming solar radiation and dew point temperature from two weather stations (Seoul and Incheon, in the Republic of Korea). Two different data management scenarios are applied in this paper. In the first scenario, weather data obtained from each station are used to estimate Tdew at the same station (at-station approach). In the second scenario, the ANN and GEP models are used for estimating dew point temperature of each station by using the data of the other station (cross-station application), through the optimal input combinations of the first scenario. Comparison of the results reveals that the GEP model surpasses ANN in estimating daily dew point temperature values.
Water policy reform and Indigenous governance
Authors: von der Porten Suzanne , de Loë Rob C.
Published: April 2014

Concerns related to the governance of water that have emerged at the global scale have created pressure for, and an increase in, water policy reform in many countries. Simultaneously, Indigenous governance movements related to self-determination are undergoing an immense period of growth and change worldwide; the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has been a milestone of this growth. These movements are significant because of Indigenous peoples' asserted rights to lands, waters, and natural resources. In this paper, we explore the extent to which water policy reform efforts recognize concepts of Indigenous governance and self-determination. The extent to which these concepts are recognized is critical because water policy reform often occurs in the asserted traditional territories of Indigenous peoples. Using an empirical case study of water policy reform in British Columbia (BC), Canada, we demonstrate why in Indigenous traditional homelands, water policy reform efforts should have regard for the main tenets of Indigenous governance. The findings indicate that, problematic assumptions exist regarding the role of First Nations. These assumptions have the potential to undermine the prospects for water policy reform. Revisiting these assumptions may be the basis for more effective, enduring policy changes. Implications for water reform processes around the world are discussed.