bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small-Signal Modeling and Frequency Support Capacity Analysis of Power Load Considering Voltage Variation Effect
Authors: Zhou Tao , Zheng Yuxin , Wang Cheng , Chen Lei , Liu Bo , Chen Zhong
Published: July 2024

The frequency support capacity of power loads is essential for maintaining active power symmetry and balance between the generation and demand sides of power systems. As the proportion of renewable energy sources and power electronic equipment increases, the inertia on the power generation side decreases, highlighting the growing importance of frequency support on the load side. As it is generally believed that the active power balance of power systems determines the frequency stability, few studies have considered the effect of voltage variation on the frequency response dynamics. It is important to note that the node voltage keeps fluctuating throughout the frequency dynamic process, which affects the active power of loads and should not be neglected. Based on the aforementioned rationales, this paper endeavors to investigate the modeling of power load frequency response and analyze its support capability considering the voltage variation effect. This paper initially establishes the small-signal model of dynamic load under frequency dynamics, derives the transfer function relating active power to system frequency deviation, and subsequently develops its frequency response model. Subsequently, commencing with the ZIP model of static load, the power fluctuation of load nodes is derived from the influence of preceding nodes, and the frequency response model of the static load is formulated and its frequency support capacity is scrutinized. Based on this foundation, a comprehensive aggregation model of the complex load is constructed, and its frequency support capability is assessed using actual data. Finally, the proposed model and analysis results are validated through simulation, confirming their correctness and effectiveness.
Symmetry-Enhanced LSTM-Based Recurrent Neural Network for Oscillation Minimization of Overhead Crane Systems during Material Transportation
Authors: Cui Xu , Chipusu Kavimbi , Ashraf Muhammad Awais , Riaz Mudassar , Xiahou Jianbing , Huang Jianlong
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces a novel methodology for mitigating undesired oscillations in overhead crane systems used in material handling operations in the industry by leveraging Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-based Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Oscillations during material transportation, particularly at the end location, pose safety risks and prolong carrying times. The methodology involves collecting sensor data from an overhead crane system, preprocessing the data, training an LSTM-based RNN model that incorporates symmetrical features, and integrating the model into a control algorithm. The control algorithm utilizes swing angle predictions from the symmetry-enhanced LSTM-based RNN model to dynamically adjust crane motion in real time, minimizing oscillations. Symmetry in this framework refers to the balanced and consistent handling of oscillatory data, ensuring that the model can generalize better across different scenarios and load conditions. The LSTM-based RNN model accurately predicts swing angles, enabling proactive control actions to be taken. Experimental validation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach, achieving an accuracy of approximately 98.6% in swing angle prediction. This innovative approach holds promise for transforming material transportation processes in industrial settings, enhancing operational safety, and optimizing efficiency.
Curvature Analysis in Seed Surface of SEM Images of Silene Species from Türkiye
Authors: Martín-Gómez José Javier , Rodríguez-Lorenzo José Luis , Tocino Ángel , Dadandi Mehmet Yaşar , Yildiz Kemal , Cervantes Emilio
Published: July 2024

Recently, based on light microscopy images, the tubercle structure on the seed surface of 100 Silene species was quantitatively described, including tubercle width, height, and curvature associated with general morphometric data. Curvature measures the rate of change of the tangent vector in a curve and can be calculated by the following methods described for Arabidopsis roots. Here, we apply curvature measurements to the SEM images of 40 Silene species from Türkiye, demonstrating that a quantitative analysis of tubercles can be made based on SEM images with similar results to optical photographs. The association of morphometric tubercle data allows for classification into six groups, five of them corresponding to described shapes: rugose (two groups), echinate, mammillate, and papillose, and a sixth group of tubercles plane on top. The curvature values vary between 20 and 200 mm−1 and differ among the morphological tubercle types described. The correlation of curvature values with other general measurements and morphological seed characteristics is investigated. Tubercle quantification not only is a useful tool for Silene taxonomy, but also provides the basis for the analysis of the genetic control and developmental effects on tubercle structure and shape in the seed surface.
Identification of a Chimera Mass Spectrum of Isomeric Lipid A Species Using Negative Ion Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Dörnyei Ágnes , Kilár Anikó , Sándor Viktor
Published: July 2024

The toxic nature of bacterial endotoxins is affected by the structural details of lipid A, including the variety and position of acyl chains and phosphate group(s) on its diglucosamine backbone. Negative-ion mode tandem mass spectrometry is a primary method for the structure elucidation of lipid A, used independently or in combination with separation techniques. However, it is challenging to accurately characterize constitutional isomers of lipid A extracts by direct mass spectrometry, as the elemental composition and molecular mass of these molecules are identical. Thus, their simultaneous fragmentation leads to a composite, so-called chimera mass spectrum. The present study focuses on the phosphopositional isomers of the classical monophosphorylated, hexaacylated Escherichia coli-type lipid A. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) was performed in an HPLC-ESI-QTOF system. Energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS) was applied to uncover the distinct fragmentation profiles of the phosphorylation isomers. A fragmentation strategy applying multi-levels of collision energy has been proposed and applied to reveal sample complexity, whether it contains only a 4′-phosphorylated species or a mixture of 1- and 4′-phosphorylated variants. This comparative fragmentation study of isomeric lipid A species demonstrates the high potential of ERMS-derived information for the successful discrimination of co-ionized phosphorylation isomers of hexaacylated lipid A.
Regional Innovation Systems as a Remedy for Structurally Affected Regions—Empirical Evidence from the Czech Republic
Authors: Janošec Adam , Chmelíková Gabriela , Blažková Ivana , Somerlíková Kristina
Published: July 2024

Structurally affected regions face a necessary economic transformation, for which the efficiency of public financial support is crucial. Regional innovation systems represent a modern approach to regional and urban development focusing on innovation and research activities. The aim of this study is to assess whether there is a difference in the effect of public R&D funding on the development of a region’s innovation environment between structurally affected and other regions. The beta convergence and the method of calculating the average efficiency of public funds were used to meet the objective of this research. The analysis was conducted on data from 2012 to 2022 in 14 regions of the Czech Republic. The results show that public support for R&D has a positive effect on development of the innovation environment in structurally affected regions in the Czech Republic and that there is a difference in the effect of this support regarding structurally affected regions versus developed regions. These affected regions on average respond better to public financial support for R&D than mature regions. In contrast, the efficiency of public financial support is lower in regions with a strongly developed innovation system.
Development of Stabilizing Solution for Long-Term Storage of Bacteriophages at Room Temperature and Application to Control Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Kim Eo-Jin , Lim Min-Cheol , Woo Min-Ah , Kim Byoung Sik , Lim Jeong-A
Published: July 2024

Bacteriophages (phages) have gained considerable attention as effective antimicrobial agents that infect and kill pathogenic bacteria. Based on this feature, phages have been increasingly used to achieve food safety. They are stored in a medium or buffer to ensure stability; however, they cannot be directly applied to food under these conditions due to reasons such as regulatory considerations and concerns about marketability. This study developed a stabilizing solution that allowed the maintenance of phage activity for extended periods at room temperature while being directly applicable to food. The stability of phages stored in distilled water was relatively low. However, adding a stabilizer composed of sugars and salts improved the survival rates of phages significantly, resulting in stability for up to 48 weeks at room temperature. When Escherichia coli O157:H7-contaminated vegetables were washed with tap water containing phages, the phages reduced the pathogenic E. coli count by over 90% compared with washing with tap water alone. Additionally, when pathogenic E. coli-contaminated vegetables were placed in a phage-coated container and exposed to water, the coating of the container dissolved, releasing phages and lysing the pathogenic E. coli. This led to a significant 90% reduction in pathogenic E. coli contamination compared to that after water rinsing. These results suggest an effective and economical method for maintaining phage activity and establishing the potential for commercialization through application in the food industry.
Novel Pan-Coronavirus 3CL Protease Inhibitor MK-7845: Biological and Pharmacological Profiling
Authors: Alvarez Nadine , Adam Gregory C. , Howe John A. , Sharma Vijeta , Zimmerman Matthew D. , Dolgov Enriko , Rasheed Risha , Nizar Fatima , Sahay Khushboo , Nelson Andrew M. , Park Steven , Zhou Xiaoyan , Burlein Christine , Fay John F. , Iwamoto Daniel V. , Bahnck-Teets Carolyn M. , Getty Krista L. , Lin Goh Shih , Salhab Imad , Smith Keith , Boyce Christopher W. , Cabalu Tamara D. , Murgolo Nicholas , Fox Nicholas G. , Mayhood Todd W. , Shurtleff Valerie W. , Layton Mark E. , Parish Craig A. , McCauley John A. , Olsen David B. , Perlin David S.
Published: July 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to be a global threat due to its ability to evolve and generate new subvariants, leading to new waves of infection. Additionally, other coronaviruses like Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV, formerly known as hCoV-EMC), which first emerged in 2012, persist and continue to present a threat of severe illness to humans. The continued identification of novel coronaviruses, coupled with the potential for genetic recombination between different strains, raises the possibility of new coronavirus clades of global concern emerging. As a result, there is a pressing need for pan-CoV therapeutic drugs and vaccines. After the extensive optimization of an HCV protease inhibitor screening hit, a novel 3CLPro inhibitor (MK-7845) was discovered and subsequently profiled. MK-7845 exhibited nanomolar in vitro potency with broad spectrum activity against a panel of clinical SARS-CoV-2 subvariants and MERS-CoV. Furthermore, when administered orally, MK-7845 demonstrated a notable reduction in viral burdens by >6 log orders in the lungs of transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 (K18-hACE2 mice) and MERS-CoV (K18-hDDP4 mice).
Detection of Enteric Viruses in Children under Five Years of Age before and after Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique, 2008–2019
Authors: Chirinda Percina , Manjate Filomena , Garrine Marcelino , Messa Augusto , Nobela Nélio , Vubil Delfino , Nhampossa Tacilta , Acácio Sozinho , Bassat Quique , Kotloff Karen L. , Levine Myron M. , Nataro James P. , Tate Jacqueline E. , Parashar Umesh , Mwenda Jason M. , Alonso Pedro L. , João Eva D. , Mandomando Inácio
Published: July 2024

Enteric viruses are the leading cause of diarrhoea in children <5 years. Despite existing studies describing rotavirus diarrhoea in Mozambique, data on other enteric viruses remains scarce, especially after rotavirus vaccine introduction. We explored the prevalence of norovirus GI and GII, adenovirus 40/41, astrovirus, and sapovirus in children <5 years with moderate-to-severe (MSD), less severe (LSD) diarrhoea and community healthy controls, before (2008–2012) and after (2016–2019) rotavirus vaccine introduction in Manhiça District, Mozambique. The viruses were detected using ELISA and conventional reverse transcription PCR from stool samples. Overall, all of the viruses except norovirus GI were significantly more detected after rotavirus vaccine introduction compared to the period before vaccine introduction: norovirus GII in MSD (13/195, 6.7% vs. 24/886, 2.7%, respectively; p = 0.006) and LSD (25/268, 9.3% vs. 9/430, 2.1%, p < 0.001); adenovirus 40/41 in MSD (7.2% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001); astrovirus in LSD (7.5% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.002); and sapovirus in MSD (7.1% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.047) and controls (21/475, 4.4% vs. 51/2380, 2.1%, p = 0.004). Norovirus GII, adenovirus 40/41, astrovirus, and sapovirus detection increased in MSD and LSD cases after rotavirus vaccine introduction, supporting the need for continued molecular surveillance for the implementation of appropriate control and prevention measures.
Implementation of mRNA–Lipid Nanoparticle Technology in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Dahl Lars Ole Sti , Hak Sjoerd , Braaen Stine , Molska Alicja , Rodà Francesca , Parot Jeremie , Wessel Øystein , Fosse Johanna Hol , Bjørgen Håvard , Borgos Sven Even , Rimstad Espen
Published: July 2024

Background: This study was conducted to investigate whether mRNA vaccine technology could be adapted for the ectothermic vertebrate Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology has been developed and optimized for mRNA vaccines in mammals, stabilizing mRNA and facilitating its delivery into cells. However, its utility at the temperatures and specific biological environments present in ectotherms remains unclear. In addition, it is unknown if modified mRNA containing non-canonical nucleotides can correctly translate in salmonid cells. Methods: We used an mRNA transcript coding for enhanced green fluorescence protein, flanked by the untranslated regions of the hemagglutinin-esterase gene of the infectious salmon anemia virus, and a 120-base-long poly(A) tail. The mRNA was generated via in vitro transcription where uridine residues were replaced with N1-methyl-pseudouridines, and then encapsulated in LNPs. Results: When transfected into the salmonid cell line CHH-1, the mRNA-LNP construct induced expression of EGFP. Furthermore, when mRNA-LNPs were injected intramuscularly into salmon, in vivo protein expression was demonstrated via immunohistochemistry. EGFP was observed in cells infiltrating the spaces between muscle cells in a focal inflammatory response. Conclusion: The results indicate that N1-methyl-pseudouridine-modified mRNA encapsulated in LNPs can be used to express antigens of interest in salmonid fish.
Vaginal and Uterine Microbiota of Healthy Maiden Mares during Estrus
Authors: Gil-Miranda Ana , Caddey Benjamin , Orellana-Guerrero Daniela , Smith Hanna , Samper Juan C. , Gomez Diego E.
Published: July 2024

This descriptive cross-sectional study compared the microbiota of the uterus, vagina, clitoral fossa (CF), and perineal skin in healthy maiden mares during estrus. Twelve synchronized, healthy maiden mares (3–4 years old) from one single recipient mare herd were included. Microbial communities were characterized by amplifying the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The uterine and vaginal microbiota had significantly lower richness (Chao-1) than the skin (p < 0.05). The uterine and vagina bacterial composition was similar in presence and abundance and could be differentiated from that of the CF and perineal skin. The microbial composition (Jaccard and Bray–Curtis distances) significantly differed across body-site locations (p < 0.05), which explained approximately 14% and 19% of the variation in microbial composition for Jaccard and Bray–Curtis distances, respectively. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant taxa in the uterus and vagina, with higher proportions of Proteobacteria in the vaginal samples compared to the uterine samples. Streptococcaceae and Staphylococcaceae were present in high abundance in the uterine and vaginal samples, while Lactobacillaceae were not (<10%). We demonstrate that the uterine and vaginal microbiota of healthy maiden mares during estrus is similar but both distinct from that of the CF and perineal skin.
Reproductive Tract Microbiota of Mares
Authors: Gil-Miranda Ana , Macnicol Jennifer , Orellana-Guerrero Daniela , Samper Juan C. , Gomez Diego E.
Published: July 2024

The female reproductive tract microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that might be crucial in maintaining a healthy reproductive environment. Imbalances in the bacterial community (dysbiosis) and the reduction of beneficial organisms and pathogen proliferation are associated with disease. Endometritis is a common cause of fertility problems in mares, and it is still challenging to diagnose and treat based on routine culture results of certain microorganisms. Although high-throughput sequencing studies provide helpful information regarding the composition of the reproductive tract microbiota in mares, there are still challenges in defining a “normal” microbiota. The primary objective of this literature review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the microbiota present in the reproductive tract of mares, including the vagina, cervix, and uterus. The second objective is to describe the relevant factors that can impact the reproductive microbiota of mares, including the estrous cycle stage, the type of species (genera) investigated, season, and geographic location. The rationality of identifying the normal microbiota in the reproductive tract of a mare will likely aid in understanding the impact of the microbiota on the host’s reproductive health and contribute to the treatment and prevention of equine sub and infertility issues.
Evaluation of Safe Insertion Angles for Spinal Needles and Safe Intensity of the Holmium:YAG Laser during Percutaneous Laser Disc Ablations in Feline Cadavers
Authors: Piao Zhenglin , Kim Young-ung , Ko Jongchan , Lee Jumjae , Choi Daeyoung , Kim Namsoo
Published: July 2024

In the context of veterinary medicine, minimally invasive techniques for feline spinal surgery remain underexplored, particularly for percutaneous laser disc ablation (PLDA) when using the Holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser. This study aimed to refine the application of the Ho:YAG laser in PLDA by determining the optimal laser intensity and safe insertion angles for the thoracic and lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) in cats. Through utilizing computed tomography (CT) for precise guidance, this research involved a cadaveric study of 10 cats to evaluate the spatial configurations that allow for safe needle insertions and effective laser ablation. Various energy settings of the Ho:YAG laser (20 J, 40 J, and 60 J) were tested to ascertain the balance between adequate disc vaporization and minimal adjacent tissue damage. The results demonstrate that a 40 J setting is the most effective in achieving significant disc decompression without compromising surrounding tissue integrity. Additionally, the CT scans proved crucial in confirming the accuracy of the needle placement and the safety of the laser application angles. This study established that the 40 J setting on the Ho:YAG laser, combined with CT-guided insertion techniques, offers a reliable method for PLDA, thus enhancing the safety and efficacy of feline spinal surgeries.
The Impact of Load-Shedding on Scheduled Water Delivery Services for Mohlaba-Cross Village, Greater Tzaneen, South Africa
Authors: Machimana Lebogang Irene , Gumbo Anesu Dion , Moyo Hloniphani , Mugari Ephias
Published: July 2024

Reliable potable water is essential for sustaining livelihoods and promoting human well-being, yet many rural communities in South Africa have disrupted and inadequate access. This has been exacerbated by the energy crisis that led to frequent load-shedding. As a water-scarce country, the South African government considers sustainable management of resources as critical to sustaining lives and livelihoods. The lengthy load-shedding schedules prompted the need to investigate how they disrupt scheduled water delivery services using the case of Mohlaba-Cross Village in Limpopo Province. This study investigated the challenges load-shedding poses for water access in already water-deprived communities. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and review of documents. Results indicate that load-shedding significantly disrupts scheduled water delivery services, hence daily household chores, livelihoods, local businesses, and economic activities. Some community members resorted to buying water from private vendors, which is unsustainable, especially for low-income households and small businesses. Despite understanding the limitations caused by load-shedding, proactive measures were hindered by a lack of communication and collaboration among key stakeholders. Low pumping capacity and a lack of adaptability in water management posed additional limitations. The study underscores the importance of supply-side interventions by water authorities, such as investing in alternative energy sources and improving pumping capacity to address the interconnected energy and water security challenges. Managing the demand side through promoting water conservation and embracing adaptive management strategies requires effective collaboration by all stakeholders. However, this requires the water authorities to initiate the process. Our study contributes to understanding the energy-water nexus in rural communities and the need for stakeholder engagement to address emerging challenges. It provides insights for policymakers, water managers, businesses, and communities to foster sustainable water management practices and improve the well-being of all.
Bibliometric Insights into Car Wash Wastewater Treatment Research: Trends and Perspectives
Authors: Alazaiza Motasem Y. D. , Alzghoul Tharaa Mahmoud , Amr Salem Abu , Bangalore Ramu Madhusudhan , Nassani Dia Eddin
Published: July 2024

Car wash wastewater (CWW) poses a significant environmental danger due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD), heavy metals, and anionic surfactant complex composition, all of which can have an adverse effect on the environment. Even with the extensive research on CWW treatment, further study is necessary to improve our comprehension in this field. With an emphasis on CWW treatment processes and research trends, this study offers a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 208 articles from the Scopus database. The analysis reveals that more than 55.77% of the research publications were released within the last five years, suggesting that there is increasing interest in the treatment of CWW. According to the data, the most important journal in this field is Desalination and Water Treatment. China and India were major research contributors. The main research directions in this area are properly indicated by the frequently used keywords “carwash wastewater”, “electrocoagulation”, “wastewater treatment”, and “water reuse”, according to an analysis of the keywords. Electrocoagulation, coagulation, and adsorption are common methods that are gaining popularity. In recent years, the most often researched CWW contaminants included those measured by COD and heavy metals. The results of this research offer an overview of recent developments.
Digital Twin Smart Water Conservancy: Status, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Li Wengang , Ma Zifei , Li Jing , Li Qinghua , Li Yang , Yang Juan
Published: July 2024

Digital twin technology, a new type of digital technology emerging in recent years, realizes real-time simulation, prediction and optimization by digitally modeling the physical world, providing a new idea and method for the design, operation and management of water conservancy projects, which is of great significance for the realization of the transformation of water conservancy informatization to intelligent water conservancy. In view of this, this paper systematically discusses the concept and development history of digital twin smart water conservancy, compares its differences with traditional water conservancy models, and further proposes the digital twin smart water conservancy five-dimensional model. Based on the five-dimensional model of digital twin water conservancy, the research progress of digital twin smart water conservancy is summarized by focusing on six aspects, namely digital twin water conservancy data perception, data transmission, data analysis and processing, digital twin water conservancy model construction, digital twin water conservancy interaction and collaboration and digital twin water conservancy service application, and the challenges and problems of digital twin technology in the application of smart water conservancy. Finally, the development trend of digital twin technology and the direction of technological breakthroughs are envisioned, aiming to provide reference and guidance for the research on digital twin technology in the field of smart water conservancy and to promote the further development of the field.
Extension of Iber for Simulating Non–Newtonian Shallow Flows: Mine-Tailings Spill Propagation Modelling
Authors: Sanz-Ramos Marcos , Bladé Ernest , Sánchez-Juny Martí , Dysarz Tomasz
Published: July 2024

Mine tailings are commonly stored in off-stream reservoirs and are usually composed of water with high concentrations of fine particles (microns). The rupture of a mine-tailings pond promotes, depending on the characteristics of the stored material, the fluidization and release of hyper-concentrated flows that typically behave as non–Newtonian fluids. The simulation of non–Newtonian fluid dynamics using numerical modelling tools is based on the solution of mass and momentum conservation equations, particularizing the shear stress terms by means of a rheological model that accounts for the properties of the fluid. This document presents the extension of Iber, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical tool, for the simulation of non–Newtonian shallow flows, especially those related to mine tailings. The performance of the numerical tool was tested throughout benchmarks and real study cases. The results agreed with the analytical and theoretical solutions in the benchmark tests; additionally, the numerical tool also revealed itself to be adequate for simulating the dynamic and static phases under real conditions. The outputs of this numerical tool provide valuable information, allowing researchers to assess flood hazard and risk in mine-tailings spill propagation scenarios.
The Impact of Consumer Sentiment on Sales of New Energy Vehicles: Evidence from Textual Analysis
Authors: Liu Yaqin , Zhang Mengya , Chen Xi , Li Ke , Tang Liwei
Published: July 2024

The advancement of new energy vehicles (NEVs) represents a strategic initiative to combatting climate change, mitigating the energy crisis, and fostering green growth. Using provincial panel data from China between 2017 and 2022, in this study, we applied machine learning techniques for sentiment analysis of textual reviews, used word frequency statistics to explore consumers’ views on the attributes of new energy vehicles, and constructed a consumer sentiment index to study the impact of consumer sentiment on NEV sales. Considering the dependence of NEVs on a charging station, this paper explores the nonlinear impact of the popularity of charging stations on the relationship between consumer sentiment and sales of new energy vehicles. The findings indicate the potential for enhancement in the areas of space, interior design, and comfort of NEVs. Additionally, consumer sentiment was found to facilitate the diffusion of NEVs, with this effect being heterogeneous across different educational backgrounds, income levels, and ages. Furthermore, the availability of per capita public charging stations was shown to significantly reduce range anxiety and encourage consumer purchasing behavior.
Development of a Low-Expansion and Low-Shrinkage Thermoset Injection Moulding Compound Tailored to Laminated Electrical Sheets
Authors: Braunbeck Florian , Schönl Florian , Preußler Timo , Reuss Hans-Christian , Demleitner Martin , Ruckdäschel Holger , Berendes Philipp
Published: July 2024

This study presents a thermoset moulding compound designed for electrical machines with high power densities. The compound reduces residual stresses induced by the difference in thermal expansion during use and by shrinkage in the compound during the manufacturing process. To reduce the internal stresses in the compound, in the electrical sheet lamination and at their interface, first the moulding’s coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) must match that of the lamination because the CTE of the electrical sheets cannot be altered. Second, the shrinkage of the compound needs to be minimized because the moulding compound is injected around a prefabricated electrical sheet lamination. This provides greater freedom in the design of an electric motor or generator, especially if the thermoset needs to be directly bonded to the electrical sheet. The basic suitability of the material for the injection moulding process was iteratively optimised and confirmed by spiral flow tests. Due to the reduction of the residual stresses, the compound enables efficient cooling solutions for electrical machines with high power densities. This innovative compound can have a significant impact on electric propulsion systems across industries that use laminated electrical sheets.
Transformation of the international transport and logistics system under sanctions
Authors: Digilina O. B. , Vinarchik A. A.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to identify the main problems and directions of transformation of the international transport and logistics system in modern geopolitical conditions. The reasons for changing the directions of international transport corridors, their turn to the East and Asia are discussed. And although the volume of cargo transportation is increasing, there are objective reasons limiting its growth: organizational barriers, difficulties in financial servicing of supply chains, inconsistency of customs procedures, infrastructural obstacles, geopolitical and territorial disagreements.
Balance of the national economy and economic security
Authors: Mikitchuk Vitaly P. V. P. , Stanovaya A. A.
Published: July 2024

The article presents arguments in favor of strengthening the relationship between the balance of the economy and economic security from the point of view of the prospects for the formation of rational macro- and mesoeconomic policies. Based on this, a conceptual framework for ensuring a balanced Russian economy based on inter-sectoral balance has been proposed. The development of appropriate management decisions should be based on a reasonable combination of state and market regulatory instruments, which, in turn, involves achieving a balance of economic interests of all economic entities. At the same time, the solution to pressing problems of economic growth in Russia is ensured in the context of the balanced development of industries and territories, as well as increasing the level of economic security. Such changes have an impact on the characteristics and composition of the management tools used, which expands the existing scientific ideas about balance, which acts as a condition for the sustainable, dynamic development of the Russian economy and strengthening its position in the global space.
Analysis of transect theory in Kyrenia West Coast settlement dynamics
Authors: Akansu Vedia , Farjami Elnaz
Published: July 2024

Besides Nicosia, there are four main settlements in North Cyprus: Kyrenia, Famagusta, Trikomo and Morphou. Kyrenia is one of the most important ones preferred by local and foreign people to live because of its social, environmental and economic values. In this direction, the city has experienced development spread towards the center perimeters to suburban and rural areas with increasing population. Thus, the ecological and socio-cultural sustainability values wear off. For protecting the socio-cultural and ecological values of the area and increase the level of sustainability approaches, an interference with systematic instruments from cities to rural areas is needed. Accordingly, the determination of the itinerary along with transect theory is important for the development of settlements. The data derived from the government planning organization and statistical data from the Cyprus Turkish Building Contractors Association (CTBCA) between 2004-2011-2016. The method is determined by SWOT analysis and the comparative analysis of the settlement dynamics of suburban and rural settlements towards the Kyrenia western-coastline.
Representative democracy under martial law
Authors: Shumak Ihor , Batan Yurii , Kravchenko Serhii , Hedulianov Vadym , Bysaha Yurii
Published: July 2024

The research of representative democracy under martial law is extremely relevant, especially in contemporary times when many countries face military conflicts and threats to national security. Notably, the military aggression of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine has significantly altered the agenda in Ukraine regarding elections. In wartime, there arises a need for swift decision-making, which can lead to temporary limitations on democratic procedures. Analyzing this issue will help find a balance between effective crisis management and preserving the core of the democratic order. The purpose of this study is to examine the functioning of representative democracy under martial law, particularly how democratic institutions and processes are preserved and adapted during a crisis period. The research methodology includes empirical, comparative, and logical methods. The study examines the functioning of representative democracy under martial law. It explores the peculiarities of the operation of democratic institutions and government bodies during wartime, including the role of parliament, the president, and the judiciary. Changes in legislation aimed at ensuring state security and stability, as well as mechanisms for protecting citizens' rights and freedoms, are analyzed. Special attention is paid to balancing national security and adherence to democratic principles. Potential risks to democracy under prolonged martial law and possible ways to minimize them are also considered. Conclusions are drawn that, despite existing restrictions, it is essential to ensure these restrictions are proportional and temporary, while maintaining oversight by civil society.
Responsibility for the smuggling of doping substances in sport: an analysis of the violation of customs control
Authors: Ivanchenko Eduard , Tesliuk Yaryna , Samoylenko Georgiy , Plutytska Kateryna , Diachkova Mariia
Published: July 2024

The study aims to determine the liability for violations of customs control in the area of doping substance smuggling. In most countries, smuggling is defined by criminal, administrative, and customs legislation. This type of illegal activity causes significant damage to the state's economy, disrupts public order in international trade, and undermines state sovereignty. Despite the international legal nature of smuggling, there is still no multilateral agreement to combat this type of crime. Modern smuggling is characterized by a high level of organization, technical equipment, and international connections. Therefore, effective combating of this violation of public order becomes possible only with close cooperation between countries. Due to the increasing instances of doping use in sports and its cross-border spread, customs control becomes a key element in ensuring public safety. Given the above, examining the legal aspects related to the smuggling of doping substances across customs borders, considering international experience, is relevant and necessary. The aim of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of liability for violations of customs control in the area of doping substance smuggling. The research methodology includes methods such as document and information analysis, logical method, modeling method, comparison method, and systemic method. As a result of the study, the liability of individuals and legal entities involved in doping substance smuggling under national and international law is analyzed. In particular, the interaction between customs control bodies, law enforcement agencies, and sports organizations in detecting and combating doping smuggling is examined. The study highlights the possibility of improving legislation and increasing the effectiveness of customs control to prevent the spread of doping in sports. The importance of international cooperation and information exchange between countries to effectively counter this negative phenomenon is noted.
Development of social competence in university students: an innovative pedagogical approach
Authors: Horiachok Inna , Ostapiovskyi Oleksandr , Vasylenko Iryna , Snisar Olena , Kukhniuk Oksana
Published: July 2024

The article emphasizes the importance and explores the essence and content of the concept of social competence. It identifies the main components of social competence and the conditions for organizing the educational process to foster it. By analyzing the professional and social functions of specialists, the article identifies the components that should be based on an acmeological direction, social functions, and social norms of the individual, all of which are part of the main components of social competence. The optimization of the entire system of professional-pedagogical training involves finding effective approaches (in the context of level education) to develop social competence in future specialists. The article also demonstrates the importance of applying contextual learning theory to develop social competence in specialists. It outlines the components included in the structure of social competence and the main provisions of effective approaches and principles for the formation of social competence in students. Finally, the article shows ways to form and develop social competence through the use of information and communication technologies.
Digital technologies in the formation of communicative competence in the situation of multicultural bilingualism and modern real/virtual urbanism
Authors: Baimakhan Aknur S. , Karabulatova Irina S. , Belgibayeva Gulbarshyn K. , Berdi Dinara K. , Iskakova Parida K.
Published: July 2024

The present research explores the formation of communicative competence in foreign languages in the context of modern electronic and digital society. A methodology is proposed based on the use of digital educational resources that simulate virtual urban environments. The main objective is to define and substantiate this methodology, based on the contributions of computer psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics and digital neuro-pedagogy.

The central hypothesis of the study is that the understanding of the foreign language learning process, with emphasis on the particularities of neurocognitive connections, is favored by the use of computer-mediated digital didactic technologies. In this sense, various electronic educational resources are explored that allow recreating communicative situations typical of urban planning, both in real and virtual spaces. The study is based on the analysis of a variety of educational communicative situations of virtual urban planning, taking the process of learning a foreign language itself as the research object. To do this, analogous situations of the real environment of a city are compared with the simulation of a virtual urban space. Through this analysis, we seek to clarify the concepts of "communicative competence", "virtual urbanism" and "digital technologies".
Rethinking the concept of punishment: modeling the level of danger posed by criminals to society
Authors: Kovalchuk Olha , Kolesnikov Andrii , Koshmanov Mykolai , Dobrianska Nataliia , Polonka Ivanna
Published: July 2024

The rapid increase in crime rates in many countries is evidence of the ineffectiveness of the current punishment system and the need to rethink the existing approach to applying punitive sanctions to criminals, taking into account the threat they pose to others. This study aims to build an analytical model for an objective assessment of the level of danger posed by suspects (convicts/prisoners) to society, based on their socio-demographic characteristics and data on previous criminal activity. To achieve this goal, discriminant canonical analysis is used as a multivariate statistical method for classifying objects. The empirical base consisted of data on 13,010 convicts serving sentences in penitentiary institutions in Ukraine. Key factors that have a significant impact on the distribution of criminals into groups (high, moderate, low) according to the level of danger they pose to society have been identified: the age at which a person was first sentenced, early dismissals, suspended convictions, education level, type of employment, the motivation for dismissal. An optimal canonical discriminant model has been constructed that allows for the accurate classification of new cases into the identified groups. The results obtained can be used in the judicial system, probation services, and law enforcement agencies to make informed decisions regarding the measure of punishment, parole, level of supervision, and ensuring public safety. The proposed applied solution can be integrated into an automated analytical system to increase the efficiency of the judicial system.
Ethnic stereotypes: eliminating prejudice in intercultural communication
Authors: Zhukova T.A. , Sorokina E.V. , Dronova S. Yu. , Sukhorukova D.V. , Khalevina S.N.
Published: July 2024

In the process of interaction between representatives of different cultures, ethnic stereotypes often become key factors affecting the effectiveness of intercultural communication. They can both facilitate mutual understanding through simplified perception and create barriers, leading to misunderstanding and conflicts. This article is devoted to the analysis of the theoretical foundations of ethnic stereotypes and the development of strategies aimed at overcoming them in the context of intercultural communication, which is crucial for establishing dialogue in a diverse world.

Previous research in the field of ethnic stereotypes primarily seeks to establish a theoretical framework, classify these prejudices, and examine their impact on social and interpersonal relationships. Utilising multidisciplinary approaches, these works significantly enhance comprehension of this phenomenon, providing examples from diverse sectors of society. However, this study aims not only to systematise and summarise the existing theoretical foundation, but also to expand the analytical viewpoint to incorporate facets of strategy development and implementation targeted at mitigating the impact and dissemination of ethnic stereotypes. This study aims to identify effective measures for preventing and correcting stereotypical perceptions in intercultural communication, which inevitably arise in multi-ethnic societies. By doing so, it aims to contribute to the promotion of socio-cultural dialogue and mutual understanding.
Challenges and sustainability of CLIL implementation in Ukrainian educational establishments
Authors: Myronenko Tetyana , Dobrovolska Lesia , Shevchenko Iryna , Kordyuk Olena
Published: July 2024

The article analyses the issue of techniques of bilingual education by introducing CLIL comparing to ESP, EAP, EMI approaches at different levels of education – secondary and tertiary. In the article the authors studied the challenges, resilience and sustainability during the process of introduces above mentioned approaches. The CLIL approach facilitates foreign language learning by integrating language and content instruction. The authors’ investigation has a theoretical bias and different scientists’ point of view. By analyzing the implementation of CLIL approach and authors’ experience in practical application of other approaches the comparative analysis is done that proves the priorities of using CLIL at schools and higher educational establishments.

The authors justified that CLIL is more than just language switching; it means that teaching subjects in a second language, like English, is the best way to make learning more meaningful and engaging. The benefits of CLIL in Ukrainian education system emphasize learners’ fluency in both languages - Ukrainian and English, high academic achievements, achievements in communication and development of sociocultural competencies that as a result boost learners’ motivation and bridge the language gap.
Combating exsise Smuggling: A comparative analysis of Ukraine and Poland
Authors: Samoilenko Olena , Veits Arkadii , Albul Serhii , Yankova Liudmyla , Shchurat Taras
Published: July 2024

The excised goods, such as alcoholic beverages and tobacco products, are the object of widespread smuggling and illegal circulation. This illegal activity leads to significant budget losses, affects the health of the population, and disrupts the level of competition in the market. In 2020 approximately 50% of all alcoholic beverages sold in Ukraine were illicit, resulting in significant tax revenue losses for the government. A 2021 report indicated that around 18.1% of the tobacco market in Ukraine was composed of smuggled or counterfeit products. This illicit market caused an estimated annual tax revenue loss of $250 million. The experience of Ukraine and Poland in the field of combating excise smuggling can be essential for the development of effective strategies and policies to combat this phenomenon. The aim of the article is to study the ways of countering illegal activities in the sphere of circulation of excise goods using the example of Ukraine and Poland. The research methodology includes: empirical method, document analysis method, comparison, and case study method. As a result of the study, an analysis of the effectiveness of Ukrainian and Polish legislation on taxation and control over the circulation of excise goods was carried out. The obtained findings can inform policymakers in Ukraine, Poland, and other European countries on how to refine and strengthen their legislation regarding the taxation and control of excised goods. Law enforcement agencies can utilize the research to improve their strategies for detecting and preventing smuggling activities, incorporating best practices identified in the study.