bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational learning via gamification for employer brand management
Authors: Kaoud Menatalla , ElBolok Mostafa
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to deepen our understanding of how serious games could be used for learning in organizations to empower brand performance and image sustaining competitive advantage from a Resource Based View (RBV) perspective and to examine the practical implications of the evolving technologies for employers.

Design/methodology/approach

The research methodology is based on a qualitative approach adopting the case study research method (Yin, 2003). Data were collected through fifteen semi-structured interviews (a total of twelve hours) with the involved departments (particularly, Human Resource Management and Marketing) and one month of direct observation for their learning and communication approaches.

Findings

Serious games can encourage the learning of employees enhancing their skills and brand performance. Besides, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) tools, a knowledge base, and social media platforms can help in promoting favorable employer brand knowledge, which positively influences the brand image and awareness.

Practical implications

From a RBV perspective, businesses can develop their employer branding practices through engaging ways of learning and brand knowledge management supported by digital tools along with boundary-less workplaces, communication efforts, and change management enabling them to enhance brand performance and sustain a competitive advantage.

Originality/value

The evidence on marketing knowledge management is still limited. This case study research makes an empirical contribution by analyzing how serious games and digital technologies could foster the learning in organizations for building strong employer brand knowledge. It answers the call for providing more insights on the relationship between knowledge management and employer brand management.
Dozee: crafting opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic [1]
Authors: Kerai Anita , George Nycil
Published: November 2022

Research methodology

This case was developed from secondary sources. The secondary sources included company websites, social media and news reports. This case has been classroom tested in multiple executive master of business administration (MBA) courses on business model innovation and entrepreneurship.

Case overview/synopsis

The case traces the entrepreneurial journey of Dozee, a remote patient monitoring system in India. Dozee was manufactured by Turtle Shell Technologies Private Limited, cofounded by Mudit and Gaurav. The primary customers of Dozee’s offering were households with elderly citizens and health-conscious individuals who sought preventive health care. The cofounders identified the unmet need for a convenient and user-friendly contactless health tracker. Dozee team built a thin sensor-embedded sheet and module that can be placed beneath the mattress to track sleep patterns and health vitals. They also provided data analysis and data interpretation services. After four years of conceptualization, Dozee launched its product and service in 2019. Although the initial response was lukewarm, the onset of the COVID-19 crisis led to significant changes in the health-care industry. Demand for virtual assistance and contactless monitoring devices became increasingly important elements of COVID-19 treatment. Unlike other sensor-based fitness trackers, the sheet could be easily placed under the patient’s bed to capture health vitals. Choosing to pivot from a home-based individual customer segment to a medical-grade device provider for hospitals could significantly increase the scale and scope of the offering for Dozee, but it would also place Dozee in direct competition with other health monitoring devices from different business categories.

Complexity academic level

This case is appropriate for MBA and executive-level courses related to entrepreneurship and business model innovation. The case explores issues such as digital disruption and how start-ups can design a go-to-market strategy. The case works well in the classroom, even if people are unfamiliar with the health-care industry. Participants can certainly relate to the concept of adopting artificial intelligence–enabled devices for monitoring their health. The instructor should be able to quickly engage participants in a lively discussion about Dozee’s vision and the opportunities and challenges in adopting digital solutions in health care.
Green hotel selection: the effects of social learning and eco-labels
Authors: Baniya Rojan , An Yuting , Thapa Brijesh
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Sustainable consumption is a crucial route to sustainable tourism. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the individual and combined effect of social learning and eco-labels on the green hotel selection.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a between-subject online experimental method with 199 respondents, which is used only in around 15% of published tourism articles. Additionally, this method provided reliability and control features.

Findings

Social learning and eco-labels individually could not influence tourists to select green hotels. However, the interaction of positive performance social learning with eco-labels could potentially influence tourists' green hotel selection. Therefore, internalizing green hotel performance from trusted sources and external validation bring behavioral changes among tourists to select green hotels. This study offers a new social learning-based model for understanding sustainable consumption.

Research limitations/implications

This study can use various other types of social influences and can be expanded to other green settings.

Practical implications

This study provides policy and promotion formulation insights to hotel managers and sustainable tourism promoters to market green hotels.

Originality/value

Away from the traditional theory, this study bridges the gap between social learning of performance from relatable sources, assurance from governing entities and sustainable consumption. The interaction effect of social influence and eco-label on green hotel selection is a novel finding. Also, this study introduces various levels of social learning to the discussion of sustainable consumption.
Effects of vitamin D on inflammatory state in patients with chronic kidney disease: A controversial issue
Authors: Zhao Liangbin , Zhu Guoshuang , Wu Ling , Xie Dengpiao
Published: November 2022

Background

The anti‐inflammatory effect of vitamin D in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. This study aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the anti‐inflammatory effects of vitamin D in patients with CKD.

Methods

We searched Embase, Science Citation Index, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinical Trial Registries for randomized controlled trials that comparing vitamin D with control groups for inflammatory markers in patients with CKD. Subgroup analysis was performed based on treatment duration (short‐term treatment, long‐term treatment), type of patients (predialysis CKD, dialysis, kidney transplant), 25(OH)D levels (25(OH)D deficiency or normal 25(OH)D), and methods of C‐reactive protein (CRP) test (standard CRP test or high‐sensitivity CRP [hs‐CRP] test).

Results

Eighteen trials with 1834 patients were included in the present study. There were no significant differences between the vitamin D group and control group for CRP (WMD, −0.3 mg/L; 95% CI, −0.81 to 0.22, p = 0.26, I2 = 62%), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (WMD, −1.07 pg/ml; 95% CI, −2.44 to 0.30, p = 0.12, I2 = 52%), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (WMD, −0.00 pg/ml; 95% CI, −0.36 to 0.35, p = 0.99, I2 = 0%) in patients with CKD. Subgroup analysis showed vitamin D can improve hs‐CRP, but not CRP. The rest of subgroups showed that no significant differences were observed between the vitamin D group and control group based on 25(OH)D levels, treatment duration, and predialysis CKD or dialysis patients.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis demonstrates that vitamin D supplementation does not have anti‐inflammatory effects in CKD patients. Well‐designed randomized controlled trials with large samples are required to confirm this conclusion. It is still needed to find an effective treatment for inflammatory state in CKD.
Sleep‐disordered breathing in children seeking orthodontic care—an Australian perspective
Authors: Wellham A , Kim C , Kwok SS , Lee RJH , Naoum S , Razza JM , Goonewardene MS
Published: November 2022

Background

The prevalence of sleep‐disordered breathing in children is underestimated due to impediments in detection and diagnosis. Consequently, delayed management may affect the quality of life and the growth and development of a child. Due to their patient demographic, orthodontists are optimally positioned to identify those at risk of sleep‐disordered breathing and make referrals for investigation and management. This study aims to determine the prevalence of children at risk of sleep‐disordered breathing in an Australian orthodontic population.

Methods

A 1‐year retrospective study was conducted in an urban Western Australian private orthodontic practice with two branches in similar socioeconomic demographics. The responses of new patients to a modified paediatric sleep questionnaire and standard medical history form were recorded.

Results

In 1209 patients (4–18 years), 7.3% were at risk of sleep‐disordered breathing. An association between sex and the potential risk of sleep‐disordered breathing was found with 11% of males at risk of sleep‐disordered breathing compared to 7% of females (P = 0.012).

Conclusions

The relatively high prevalence of children at risk of sleep‐disordered breathing presenting for orthodontic care presents an opportunity to identify at‐risk individuals through routine use of the paediatric sleep questionnaire. This would facilitate early referral for diagnosis and management of sleep‐disordered breathing.
The diagnostic role of T wave morphology biomarkers in congenital and acquired long QT syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Tardo Daniel T. , Peck Matthew , Subbiah Rajesh N. , Vandenberg Jamie I. , Hill Adam. P.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

QTc prolongation is key in diagnosing long QT syndrome (LQTS), however 25%–50% with congenital LQTS (cLQTS) demonstrate a normal resting QTc. T wave morphology (TWM) can distinguish cLQTS subtypes but its role in acquired LQTS (aLQTS) is unclear.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched using the terms “LQTS,” “long QT syndrome,” “QTc prolongation,” “prolonged QT,” and “T wave,” “T wave morphology,” “T wave pattern,” “T wave biomarkers.” Whole text articles assessing TWM, independent of QTc, were included.

Results

Seventeen studies met criteria. TWM measurements included T‐wave amplitude, duration, magnitude, Tpeak‐Tend, QTpeak, left and right slope, center of gravity (COG), sigmoidal and polynomial classifiers, repolarizing integral, morphology combination score (MCS) and principal component analysis (PCA); and vectorcardiographic biomarkers. cLQTS were distinguished from controls by sigmoidal and polynomial classifiers, MCS, QTpeak, Tpeak‐Tend, left slope; and COG x axis. MCS detected aLQTS more significantly than QTc. Flatness, asymmetry and notching, J‐Tpeak; and Tpeak‐Tend correlated with QTc in aLQTS. Multichannel block in aLQTS was identified by early repolarization (ERD30%) and late repolarization (LRD30%), with ERD reflecting hERG‐specific blockade. Cardiac events were predicted in cLQTS by T wave flatness, notching, and inversion in leads II and V5, left slope in lead V6; and COG last 25% in lead I. T wave right slope in lead I and T‐roundness achieved this in aLQTS.

Conclusion

Numerous TWM biomarkers which supplement QTc assessment were identified. Their diagnostic capabilities include differentiation of genotypes, identification of concealed LQTS, differentiating aLQTS from cLQTS; and determining multichannel versus hERG channel blockade.
Any Labour Geographies in Urban Theory? Workers Meet Lefebvre and Harvey (Yet Again)
Authors: Hayashi Mahito
Published: November 2022

This paper examines the urban theory of Henri Lefebvre and David Harvey to construct anurbanperspective on labour geographies. Lefebvre understood work in a work–nonwork continuum beyond binarism, and Lefebvre and Harvey hailed the outpouring of working‐class agency from cities. However, they may have obscured the role of labour movements in urbanisation when identifying the living‐place (such as streets, neighbourhoods, or housing) as the primary seat of urban agency. Learning from labour geographers in the 1990s, I query this ambiguity to enhance the urban theory of Lefebvre and Harvey, conceive of the urban scale as the site ofunfinishedindustrial/urban dialectics, and conceptualise labour agency as a producer of transformative continua in urbanisation. Interpreting Toyota’s factories as rescaled pivots of industrial urbanisation, I explore how Japanese labour movements challenged just‐in‐time production, its union form, and its work/nonwork divides, producing new urbanising continua—even planetary ones—between different transformative agencies.
Impact of intravitreal ranibizumab, aflibercept and bevacizumab on retinal ganglion cell and nerve fibre layer thickness in Neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Abu Dail Yaser , Seitz Berthold , Sideroudi Haris , Abdin Alaa D.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To compare the effects of monotherapy with intravitreal ranibizumab, aflibercept and bevacizumab on retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL) and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in patients with naïve neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study with three‐groups comparison. 83 patients and 97 eyes on continuous monotherapy with an intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) were followed for 24 months and divided into three groups according to anti‐VEGF (aflibercept: 25 eyes, ranibizumab: 34 eyes, bevacizumab: 38 eyes). Main outcome measures included: RGCL and RNFL thickness, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), macular volume (MV) and the presence of intraretinal fluids (IRF), subretinal fluids (SRF) and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy (RPE‐atrophy). All outcome measures were recorded at the time of the first injection, 1 and 2 years after treatment and compared longitudinally and between groups.

Results

The mean age was 79 ± 7 years. The RGCL thickness, MV, CMT and the presence of IRF and SRF decreased significantly within all three medication groups (p < 0.05 for all) with no significant difference between groups over the 2‐year follow‐up period (p > 0.10 for all). The decrease in RNFL thickness was not significant within or between the groups after a 2‐year follow‐up (p > 0.055 for all). RPE‐atrophy increased significantly after 2 years in all three groups (p < 0.028 for all) with no significant difference between groups at all three time points (p > 0.307 for all). BCVA was comparable between the three groups over the 2‐year follow‐up period (p > 0.22 for all).

Conclusions

Monotherapy with intravitreal aflibercept, bevacizumab and ranibizumab was associated with comparable significant decreases in RGCL thickness, CMT, MV, IRF and SRF in naïve nAMD patients during the first 2 years of treatment. Furthermore, no significant differences either in BCVA or RNFL thickness were observed between the three intravitreal anti‐VEFGs during the first 2 years of treatment.
Myeloperoxidase expression in diencephalon is potentially associated with fear‐related behavior in chicks of laying hen
Authors: Kohno Suzuka , Ogawa Shinichiro , Shimmura Tsuyoshi , Sato Kan , Tokutake Yukako
Published: November 2022

Preventing feather pecking (FP) in adult laying hens is important for the welfare of intensively poultry farming. Fear‐related behavior in growing female layer chicks may predict FP in adult hens. In this study, in two representative laying breeds (White Leghorn [WL] and Rhode Island Red [RIR]) that have different FP frequencies, we identified a candidate gene associated with fear‐related behavior in chicks and FP in adult hens. In the tonic immobility test and open‐field test, the behavioral activity was lower in WL chicks than in RIR chicks (P < 0.01), suggesting that WL chicks were more fearful than RIR chicks. Based on previous studies, 51 genes that have been found to be differentially expressed in the brain between high‐ and low‐FP populations were chosen, and their expression levels were screened in the chick diencephalon. This analysis revealed that myeloperoxidase (MPO) gene expression level was higher in WL chicks than that in RIR chicks (P < 0.05). Furthermore, STRING analysis predicted the gene network including MPO and MPO‐related genes and revealed the association of these genes with fear‐related behavior. These results suggest that MPO is potentially associated with fear‐related behavior in growing female layer chicks and FP in adult hens.
Effects of ozonized glycerin on inflammation of mammary glands induced by intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion in goats
Authors: Suzuki Naoki , Hirano Masato , Shinozuka Yasunori , Kawai Kazuhiro , Okamoto Yoshiharu , Isobe Naoki
Published: November 2022

Although ozone shows antimicrobial activity against mastitis‐causing pathogens in ruminants, its anti‐inflammatory effect on mammary glands remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the anti‐inflammatory effects of ozonized glycerin (OG) on experimentally induced inflammation in the mammary glands of six Shiba and two Tokara lactating goats. We infused 1 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into all udders on day −1. On day 0, post LPS infusion, OG (ozone group), and glycerin (control group) were infused into the right and left sides of the udders, respectively. Milk samples were collected once daily from days −1 to 7. The somatic cell count and lactoperoxidase (LPO) activity, along with the interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐8, IL‐10, lactoferrin, and sodium ion concentrations in milk were measured. IL‐8, IL‐10, and lactoferrin levels after LPS infusion in the ozone group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the LPO activity tended to be lower than that observed in the control group. This study showed that OG has anti‐inflammatory potential against LPS‐induced inflammation in the mammary glands.
Evaluating the impact of thrombopoietin receptor agonist medications on patient outcomes and quality of life in paediatric immune thrombocytopenia through semi‐structured interviews
Authors: Livingston Joel , Alrajhi Ziyad , Jackson Melanie , McGuire Catherine , Newhook Dennis , Klaassen Robert J. , Kirby‐Allen Melanie
Published: November 2022

Over the last decade, treatment of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in children has advanced to include thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO‐RA) medications. Concurrently, there has been an increased emphasis on patient‐reported outcomes—especially quality of life—to guide treatment. Assessing the impact of TPO‐RAs on quality of life in paediatric ITP is therefore a priority. In this single‐centre integrative mixed‐methods study, a cohort of children with ITP prescribed a TPO‐RA was identified. These children and/or their caregivers were invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews focussed on quality‐of‐life measures. Independently, a retrospective chart review collected ITP‐related data (platelet count, bleeding events) and TPO‐RA data (dosing, side effects). Among the 23 eligible patients, 20 were represented in interviews. On chart review, 11/20 patients responded to TPO‐RA by meeting platelet count criteria of ≥50 × 109/L for six or more weeks in the absence of rescue therapy. In interviews with these children and/or their parents, 19/20 expressed the TPO‐RA had ‘worked’, with 11/20 reporting benefit to mood and 11/20 reporting increased participation in activities/sports. Concerns were raised in interviews about TPO‐RA medication cost (17/20), medication administration (10/20) and potential side effects (10/20). In conclusion, this study suggests that TPO‐RA use in children with ITP improves quality of life.
Are plant communities on the Canary Islands resistant to plant invasion?
Authors: Fernández‐Palacios José María , Schrader Julian , de Nascimento Lea , Irl Severin D. H. , Sánchez‐Pinto Lázaro , Otto Rüdiger
Published: November 2022

Oceanic islands are renowned for their unique flora and high levels of endemism. Native island plants, however, are imperilled by non‐native species that can become invasive by outcompeting natives. The threat of native island assemblages generally increases with isolation and the number of endemics featured, but also with human‐associated disturbance and land use. Based on this, the Canary Island native plant systems should be highly threatened by invasives, similar to other oceanic islands globally. However, Canarian native plant systems are only weakly infiltrated and are rarely directly threatened by invasive plants. Further, highly disturbed areas, usually among the first colonized by invasives on islands, are recolonized here by natives. Based on this, we postulate four hypotheses (climatic filter, well‐preservation status, human legacy and permanent colonization) for explaining this unusual behaviour of plant systems on the Canary Islands, providing an opportunity to understand the drivers and processes behind invasion into plant communities on islands.
Liver fat is superior to visceral and pancreatic fat as a risk biomarker of impaired glucose regulation in overweight/obese subjects
Authors: Yang Minglan , Chen Jie , Yue Jiang , He Shenyun , Fu Jingjing , Qi Yicheng , Liu Wen , Xu Hua , Li Shengxian , Lu Qing , Ma Jing
Published: November 2022

Aim

To investigate the distribution of abdominal fat, particularly ectopic fat accumulation, in relation to glucose metabolism in overweight/obese patients.

Materials and Methods

This study included 257 overweight/obese subjects with body mass index ≥23 kg/m2. All the subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Magnetic resonance imaging‐proton density fat fraction was used to measure fat accumulation in the liver, pancreas and abdomen. Impaired glucose regulation (IGR) was defined as the presence of prediabetes or diabetes.

Results

Liver fat content (LFC) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were higher in overweight/obese subjects with diabetes than in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). No significant differences were observed in the pancreas fat content and subcutaneous fat area between subjects with NGT and IGR. LFC was an independent risk factor of IGR (odds ratio = 1.824 per standard deviation unit, 95% CI 1.242‐2.679, p = .002). Compared with the lowest tertile of LFC, the multivariate‐adjusted odds ratio for the prevalence of IGR in the highest tertile was 2.842 (95% CI 1.205‐6.704). However, no association was observed between the VAT per standard deviation increment and tertiles after adjusting for multiple factors. For discordant visceral and liver fat phenotypes, the high LFC‐low VAT and high LFC‐high VAT groups had a higher prevalence of IGR than the low LFC‐low VAT group. However, there was no difference in the prevalence of IGR between the low LFC‐low VAT and low LFC‐high VAT groups.

Conclusion

Compared with visceral and pancreatic fat content, LFC is a superior risk biomarker for IGR in overweight/obese subjects.
Semiautomatic interictal electric source localization based on long‐term electroencephalographic monitoring: A prospective study
Authors: Spinelli Laurent , Baroumand Amir G. , Vulliemoz Serge , Momjian Shahan , Strobbe Gregor , van Mierlo Pieter , Seeck Margitta
Published: November 2022

Objective

Electric source imaging (ESI) of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) has shown significant yield in numerous studies; however, its implementation at most centers is labor‐ and cost‐intensive. Semiautomatic ESI analysis (SAEA) has been proposed as an alternative and has previously shown benefit. Computer‐assisted automatic spike cluster retrieval, averaging, and source localization are carried out for each cluster and are then reviewed by an expert neurophysiologist, to determine their relevance for the individual case. Here, we examine its yield in a prospective single center study.

Method

Between 2017 and 2022, 122 patients underwent SAEA. Inclusion criteria for the current study were unifocal epilepsy disorder, epilepsy surgery with curative purpose, and postoperative follow‐up of 2 years or more. All patients (N=40) had continuous video‐electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring with 37 scalp electrodes, which underwent SAEA. Forty patients matched our inclusion criteria.

Results

Twenty patients required intracranial monitoring; 13 were magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐negative. Mean duration of analyzed EEG was 4.3 days (±3.1 days), containing a mean of 12 749 detected IEDs (±22 324). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SAEA for localizing the epileptogenic focus of the entire group were 74.3%, 80%, and 75%, respectively, leading to an odds ratio (OR) of 11.5 to become seizure‐free if the source was included in the resection volume (p < .05). In patients with extratemporal lobe epilepsy, our results indicated an accuracy of 68% (OR=11.7). For MRI‐negative patients (n = 13) and patients requiring intracranial EEG (n = 20), we found a similarly high accuracy of 84.6% (OR=19) and 75% (OR = 15.9), respectively.

Significance

In this prospective study of SAEA of long‐term video‐EEG, spanning several days, we found excellent localizing information and a high yield, even in difficult patient groups. This compares favorably to high‐density ESI, most likely due to marked improved signal‐to‐noise ratio of the averaged IEDs. We propose including ESI, or SAEA, in the workup of all patients who are referred for epilepsy surgery.
Old wine in a new bottle: Shaping the foundations of EU criminal law through the concept of legal interests (Rechtsgüter)
Authors: Ouwerkerk Jannemieke W.
Published: November 2022

Ever since the establishment of EU competence to legislate in criminal matters, legal scholarship has been devoting a fair amount of attention to the scope of these powers as well as to their proper exercise. The many scholarly contributions this has led to make a commendable and laudable body of knowledge with respect to the matter at hand. Yet, as will be argued, its capacities to shape the normative foundations of EU criminal law remain limited, with the main reason being that normative limits of EU‐level criminalisation have so far predominantly been articulated in terms of principles. For the reasons set out below, this article proposes to supplement the ongoing debate with another conceptual lens, i.e., the lens of legal interests (Rechtsgüter). The purpose of this article is to substantiate the point of view that the concept of legal interests offers essential opportunities to further shape the normative foundations of EU criminal law.
The role of veterans' PTSD symptoms in veteran couples' insomnia
Authors: Khalifian Chandra E. , Titone Madison , Wooldridge Jennalee S. , Knopp Kayla , Seibert Gregory , Monson Candice , Morland Leslie
Published: November 2022

Insomnia contributes to individual mental and physical health and relationship well‐being. Veterans' PTSD symptoms are associated with their own insomnia. However, research has not explored whether and how veterans' PTSD symptoms are associated with their partners' insomnia. The present study examined the association between veterans' PTSD symptom severity and veterans' and partners' insomnia. Veterans (n = 192) and their partners (n = 192; total N = 384) completed baseline assessments in a PTSD treatment study for veterans with PTSD and their partners. Path analysis was used to examine the relation between veterans' PTSD symptom severity, as measured by the PTSD symptom checklist‐5 (PCL‐5) and veterans' and partners' insomnia, as measured by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Veterans' full‐scale PCL‐5 was positively related to veterans' and partners' insomnia. For veterans, intrusion and arousal symptoms were positively related to their own insomnia severity, while veterans' negative alterations in cognition and mood were associated with partners' insomnia severity. In exploratory analyses, partners' depressive symptoms fully mediated the relation between veterans' negative cognitions and mood and partners' insomnia. PTSD symptoms impact both veterans' and partners' insomnia. However, different PTSD symptom clusters were related to insomnia for each partner, and the link for partners was explained by their own depression symptoms. PTSD, insomnia, and integrated treatments should consider strategies for including partners in treatment to address these interconnected problems.
Differential expression and activities of cytochrome P450 3A in the rat brain microsomes and mitochondria
Authors: Alshammari Nouf , Chandrashekar Devaraj Venkatapura , Rashid Mamunur , Mehvar Reza
Published: November 2022

Midazolam (MDZ), a benzodiazepine derivative, is metabolized to 1′‐ and 4‐hydroxylated metabolites (1′‐OH‐MDZ and 4‐OH‐MDZ, respectively) by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A). The purpose of this study was to investigate the CYP3A‐mediated hydroxylation of MDZ in the rat brain mitochondria (MT). Brain microsomes (MC) and MT fractions were prepared from rats (n = 8) using differential and density gradient centrifugations, and the purity of the fractions was evaluated using VDAC1 and calreticulin as markers of MT and MC, respectively. The formation rates of 1′‐OH‐MDZ and 4‐OH‐MDZ in the rat brain MC and MT samples were determined using an LC–MS/MS method after validation. Subsequently, Michaelis–Menten kinetics of 1′‐ and 4‐hydroxylation of MDZ were estimated. Western blot (WB) analysis was used to determine the protein expression of CYP3A in the rat brain MC and MT. The MC fractions had 5.93% ± 3.01% mitochondrial impurity, and the MT fractions had 19.3% ± 7.8% microsomal impurity (mean ± SD). The maximum velocity (Vmax) values of the formation of the hydroxylated metabolites in the brain MT were 2.4–9‐fold higher than those in MC. Further, the Vmax values of 4‐OH‐MDZ in both MC and MT fractions were substantially higher than those of 1′‐OH‐MDZ. The WB analysis showed that the intensity of the CYP3A immunoreactive band in MT was more than twofold higher than that in MC. It is concluded that compared with MC, rat brain MT contains substantial CYP3A, which may affect the pharmacology or toxicology of centrally acting xenobiotic and endogenous substrates of this enzyme.
Making food choices under no time constraint: An eye‐tracking investigation
Authors: Maheshwari Saurabh , Barman Jeshmeen Deb , Tuladhar Viplav , Bhagawati Mridusmita
Published: November 2022

Two experiments examined how participants view food‐related information and visuals when making food choices. Participants were asked to choose between various food items while using an eye‐tracking device. For each food type, they were given four different options; participants selected one of the four given options using the provided information. They could change their decision, if desired, after seeing images of the options shown immediately after the information slide. Individuals viewed and compared the food option they selected more than other available options. The study shows that, under no time constraints, food decisions are more rational and are based on food‐related information.
Reading and affect: University Spanish learners' perceptions of a reading program
Authors: Dykstra Shelley , Sánchez‐Gutiérrez Claudia , Marcos Miguel Nausica , Alins Breda Diego
Published: November 2022

While the literature on second language reading agrees that exposing students to graded readers (GRs) is beneficial, little is known about how students perceive them. This study explores students' anxiety and overall experiences in a reading program (RP) using GRs in a large first‐year Spanish language program. Data are based on 312 students' pre and postquestionnaires during the first iteration of the RP (Study 1) and 299 students' questionnaires during the third iteration of the RP (Study 2). Study 1 compared students' experiences when reading individually versus in pairs, revealing an overall preference for the latter, as it increased peer‐to‐peer support. Study 2 compared classes where students read the same book with others where learners selected a book from a list. Many students who chose their book felt distressed as they wanted more support from their teachers. Study 2 also revealed that students' familiarity with the RP reduced their anxiety.
Implementation of a patient‐reported experience measure in a Dutch disability care organization: A process evaluation of cocreated tailored strategies
Authors: van Rooijen Marjolein , van Dijk‐de Vries Anneke , Lenzen Stephanie , Dalemans Ruth , Moser Albine , Beurskens Anna J. H. M.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

In 24/7 disability care facilities, patient‐reported experience measures (PREMs) are important to help healthcare professionals understand what matters to care users and to improve the quality of care. However, the successful implementation of a PREM is complex. In a Dutch disability care organization, stakeholders cocreated tailored implementation strategies aimed at improving the use and integration of a qualitative PREM. This study gives insights into the uptake and experiences with these cocreated implementation strategies and the perceived impact of the set of strategies.

Methods

We performed a prospective process evaluation between February 2020 and February 2021. We collected data in three disability care facilities from 35 care users, 11 professionals, 3 facility managers and 4 organization representatives. Data collection included observations during kick‐offs and learning goal meetings and several attendance checklists. We collected 133 questionnaires (Time 0 and Time 1). We conducted 35 individual semistructured interviews and an online focus group interview. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data using directed content analysis.

Results

The exposure to and adoption of strategies was between 76% and 100%. Participants were positive about tailoring the strategies to each facility. Implementation was hindered by challenges in care users' communication and COVID‐19. The perceived impact referred to an improved understanding of the goal and added value of the PREM and better preparation and execution of the PREM. The impact of the set of strategies was mainly experienced on the micro level.

Conclusion

The uptake of the cocreated implementation strategies was acceptable. The participants valued the tailored approach, which enabled them to focus on facility‐specific learning goals. Stakeholder engagement and co‐created strategies may have strengthened the adoption of and experiences with the implementation.

Patient or Public Contribution

In this article, we present the process evaluation of implementation strategies for the integrated use of a PREM in disability care. A development group consisting of communication vulnerable care users, trainers and professionals developed the implementation strategies. The disability care organization was responsible for the planning and organization of the implementation process. During the process evaluation the end users, trainers, professionals and managers tailored the implementation strategies to their own settings and needs. Researchers observed this implementation process and interviewed the stakeholders about their experiences and the perceived impact.
How do applicants fake? A response process model of faking on multidimensional forced‐choice personality assessments
Authors: Fuechtenhans Miriam , Brown Anna
Published: November 2022

Faking on personality assessments remains an unsolved issue, raising major concerns regarding their validity and fairness. Although there is a large body of quantitative research investigating the response process of faking on personality assessments, for both rating scales (RS) and multidimensional forced choice (MFC), only a few studies have yet qualitatively investigated the faking cognitions when responding to MFC in a high‐stakes context (e.g., Sass et al., 2020). Yet, it could be argued that only when we have a process model that adequately describes the response decisions in high stakes, can we begin to extract valid and useful information from assessments. Thus, this qualitative study investigated the faking cognitions when responding to MFC personality assessment in a high‐stakes context. Through cognitive interviews with N = 32 participants, we explored and identified factors influencing the test‐takers' decisions regarding specific items and blocks, and factors influencing the willingness to engage in faking in general. Based on these findings, we propose a new response process model of faking forced‐choice items, the Activate‐Rank‐Edit‐Submit (A‐R‐E‐S) model. We also make four recommendations for practice of high‐stakes assessments using MFC.
Observational study of peripheral intravenous catheter outcomes in an internal medicine department
Authors: Shimoni Zvi , Houdhoud Nihad , Isaacs Yehudit , Froom Paul
Published: November 2022

Background

In elderly patients hospitalised in internal medicine departments, risk factors, preferable placement area and methods of securement of short peripheral venous catheters (SPVC) a unclear.

Aim

To determine the incidence and risk factors of adverse events using a transparent bordered dressing for securement in the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa in consecutive patients hospitalised in an internal medicine department.

Methods

In a prospective observational study of patients admitted to a regional hospital with a SPVC, the dependent variable was the need to replace the catheter because of an adverse event (phlebitis, accidental removal, infiltration/occlusion). The independent variables were age, gender, disorientation, placement area, intravenous antibiotic therapy and indwelling time. Risk factors were determined by Cox regression model analysis.

Results

There were 709 catheters placed in 499 patients. Per catheter placed the mean age was 75 ± 17 years. Accidental removal, infiltration/obstruction and phlebitis occurred in 21.5, 16.2 and 15.0 events per 1000 days respectively. There was a significantly increased risk on Day 3 compared to Days 2 and 4. An older age, intravenous antibiotics and disorientation increased the hazard for accidental displacement, whereas phlebitis was associated only with intravenous antibiotics and occlusion/infiltration only with age.

Conclusions

The observed low rates of adverse events suggests that placement in the dorsum of the hand or cubital fossa secured by a transparent dressing is acceptable. It is important to consider the indwelling catheter time when studying adverse events, and elderly patients, disoriented patients and/or patients receiving intravenous antibiotics deserve special attention.
Middle eastern refugee children and adolescents mental health: A systematic review
Authors: Oleimat Abdullah Saed , Jones Catriona , Hayter Mark
Published: November 2022

Psychological problems have become a substantial burden on refugee communities, with a considerable impact on refugee children's quality of life and well‐being. The available studies reveal growing mental health disorders in refugee children and adolescents, particularly traumas, anxiety, and depression disorders. This review aims to examine empirical evidence relating to the mental health of refugee children and adolescents in the Middle East. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, this systematic literature review (2010–2020) identified 54 studies about Middle Eastern refugee children and adolescents' mental health. Eighteen studies were excluded based on their lack of relevance to the focus of the review. Of the remaining records, ten reported common mental health disorders, ten reported on Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder, three reported the importance of mental health promotion in schools, while the others discussed protective factors. The results highlight a need to understand the mental health support needs of this group, add knowledge to this area of inquiry and provide baseline data regarding Middle Eastern refugee children and adolescents mental health. Differences across research designs were recorded to contextualize the quality of the study results. There is a paucity of studies investigating the causality, prevalence, risk factors, and interventions of non‐traumatic‐psychiatric disorders as well as the role of teacher in strengthen refugee's mental health. Limited information is available about suicidality and self‐harm, protective factors, adversity, adaptation, acculturation, and social demographics in refugee children.
Genotyping‐by‐sequencing for biogeography
Authors: Vaux Felix , Dutoit Ludovic , Fraser Ceridwen I. , Waters Jonathan M.
Published: November 2022

Aim

Genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) and similar reduced‐representation sequencing methods, such as restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), have been revolutionary for genetic analyses in biogeography. However, navigating the many different methodological and analytical approaches and numerous sources of potential error can be overwhelming. We provide an overview of key considerations for biogeographical research using GBS, from sample design through data filtering to the sharing of data, which should particularly assist new users.

Taxon

All taxa.

Location

Worldwide.

Methods

We review recent advances for GBS and compare differences among GBS methods and analytical approaches. We highlight the concerns most relevant for biogeographical research, and emphasise practical limitations for studies on non‐model organisms.

Results

GBS methods vary substantially and recent literature demonstrates the need for careful study design and data filtering relevant to the study organism and hypothesis under investigation. Biogeographical research using non‐model organisms or long‐term sampling are likely to face some practical limitations compared to ideal GBS study designs. The methodological information recorded in published manuscripts often varies. We outline a general framework for planning and undertaking biogeographical research using GBS.

Main conclusions

GBS and similar approaches have grown rapidly in popularity for biogeographical research. Evaluating, recording and justifying decisions throughout a GBS workflow—across sampling, library preparation and sequencing, identifying and filtering samples and loci, biogeographical analyses, and sharing data—is crucial for improving scientific reproducibility and compatibility among GBS datasets. This review outlines ways to improve and simplify GBS research, thereby enhancing our capacity to use genomic data to address broad‐scale biogeographical questions.
Urban road waterlogging risk assessment based on the source–pathway–receptor concept in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Sun Dianchen , Wang Huimin , Huang Jing , Zhang Jingxuan , Liu Gaofeng
Published: November 2022

Urban roads are especially vulnerable to waterlogging during rainfall events. Assessments of urban road waterlogging risk are critical for disaster prevention and mitigation. This paper presents a rapid and practical approach for assessing the risk of urban road waterlogging based on a source–pathway–receptor concept and a digital elevation model (DEM). Waterlogging sources are identified by neighborhood analysis, overland flow pathways are extracted using a DEM, and the properties of cross‐nodes between pathways and roads are used to assess the waterlogging risk of roads. Futian District in Shenzhen, China, is selected as the study area. The risk results show that the waterlogging risk sources are clustered in residential land parcels and low‐lying road sections, while most road intersections and overpasses in the central area are at higher risks. The results also found that the waterlogging risk decreases as the road grade increases. Actual telephonic flooding records and reported waterlogging areas were used to validate the method, with the risk results displaying good agreement with the actual conditions. The prospects for generalizing this framework and its usage are discussed. The proposed approach provides support for pluvial flooding risk assessment and urban road waterlogging prevention.
Spleen stiffness can predict liver decompensation and survival in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Karagiannakis Dimitrios S. , Voulgaris Theodoros , Markakis George , Lakiotaki Dimitra , Michailidou Elisavet , Cholongitas Evangelos , Papatheodoridis George
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim

Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) has been predicting liver decompensation and survival in cirrhotics. The aim of our study was to investigate if spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) by 2D shear‐wave elastography could predict better the probability of decompensation and mortality, compared with LSM and other parameters.

Methods

Consecutive cirrhotic patients were recruited between 1/2017 and 12/2021. LSM and SSM were performed at baseline and epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Clinical events were recorded every 3 months.

Results

Totally, 177 patients were followed for a mean period of 31 ± 18 months. In Cox regression analysis, only SSM was independently associated with the probability of decompensation (HR: 1.063, 95% CI: 1.009–1.120; P = 0.021), offering an AUROC of 0.710 (P = 0.003) for predicting 1‐year liver decompensation (NPV: 81.1% for the cut‐off point of 37 kPa). The occurrence of death/liver transplantation was independently associated only with higher SSM (HR: 1.043; 95% CI:1.003–1.084; P = 0.034). The AUROC of SSM for predicting 1‐year death/liver transplantation was 0.72 (P = 0.006) (NPV: 95% for the cut‐off of 38.8 kPa). The performance of SSM to predict the 1‐year death/liver transplantation increased in high‐risk patients (CTP: B/C plus MELD >10 plus LSM > 20 kPa), giving an AUROC of 0.80 (P < 0.001). Only 1/26 high‐risk patients with SSM < 38.8 kPa died during the first year of follow‐up (NPV: 96.4%).

Conclusions

SSM was the only factor independently associated with the probability of decompensation and occurrence of death, showing better diagnostic accuracy for the prediction of 1‐year decompensation or death compared with LSM and MELD score.