bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Materials and the Fatigue Aspect
Authors: Cooper W. E.
Published: October 2023

It will be appreciated that, in this short paper, only brief reference can be made to various aspects of importance to the design and performance of rotary wing aircraft. Nevertheless, it is suggested that these references will serve as a basis for discussion, as well as to emphasise the necessity for more investigational work.

Because of the rapid development in the “science” of rotary wing aircraft, the subject of materials of construction will become increasingly important and most probably difficult as the designers’ demands and desires increase. Today, therefore, any discussion on materials can only be based on current design knowledge and requirements, with indications to the materials which may be considered most suitable for future projects.

Bearing in mind such limitations in scope, together with the fact that a certain amount of choice of material is left to the designer, it is proposed to refer to various aspects of materials and their selection which, in the opinion of the author, warrant the attention of those concerned with the responsibility of design development and research.
Tectono‐Magmatic Evolution of Asymmetric Coronae on Venus: Topographic Classification and 3D Thermo‐Mechanical Modeling
Authors: Gülcher Anna J. P. , Yu Ting‐Ying , Gerya Taras V.
Published: October 2023

Venus is the only other Earth‐sized planet in the Solar System but it does not exhibit evidence of plate tectonics that dominates geological processes on Earth. Surface deformation on Venus is mainly driven by mantle convection and plume‐lithosphere interactions, likely represented by the widespread development of the circular volcano‐tectonic features known as coronae. Here, we present a joint study of mission data analysis and 3D modeling of asymmetric coronae on Venus. We systematically analyze 155 of the largest coronae on Venus in terms of surface topography and morphology. We establish that 75% of those coronae are radially asymmetric, and further sub‐categorize them based on their adjacent topography. This analysis reveals that many asymmetric coronae are positioned at a topographic transition between a lowland and plateau (termed topographic margin). With state‐of‐the‐art 3D numerical models, we investigate the physical processes behind plume‐margin interactions on Venus. We find that several tectonic styles may be responsible for asymmetric coronae at topographic margins, including lowland‐sided subduction, plateau‐sided lithospheric dripping, and an embedded plume. The gradient in lithospheric strength across the topographic margin controls these tectonic styles, and larger gradients enhance lithospheric resurfacing and the lifetime of the coronae. We also find that the density increase associated with the basalt‐to‐eclogite phase change provides the extra negative gravitational force required for downgoing crust to be recycled into the mantle. The models presented in this study reproduce a wide set of asymmetrical corona features found on Venus and suggest that they are generally more long‐lived than symmetric coronae.
Gut microbiota impacts bone via Bacteroides vulgatus-valeric acid-related pathways
Authors: Lin Xu , Xiao Hong-Mei , Liu Hui-Min , Lv Wan-Qiang , Greenbaum Jonathan , Gong Rui , Zhang Qiang , Chen Yuan-Cheng , Peng Cheng , Xu Xue-Juan , Pan Dao-Yan , Chen Zhi , Li Zhang-Fang , Zhou Rou , Wang Xia-Fang , Lu Jun-Min , Ao Zeng-Xin , Song Yu-Qian , Zhang Yin-Hua , Su Kuan-Jui , Meng Xiang-He , Ge Chang-Li , Lv Feng-Ye , Luo Zhe , Shi Xing-Ming , Zhao Qi , Guo Bo-Yi , Yi Neng-Jun , Shen Hui , Papasian Christopher J. , Shen Jie , Deng Hong-Wen
Published: October 2023

Although the gut microbiota has been reported to influence osteoporosis risk, the individual species involved, and underlying mechanisms, remain largely unknown. We performed integrative analyses in a Chinese cohort of peri-/post-menopausal women with metagenomics/targeted metabolomics/whole-genome sequencing to identify novel microbiome-related biomarkers for bone health. Bacteroides vulgatus was found to be negatively associated with bone mineral density (BMD), which was validated in US white people. Serum valeric acid (VA), a microbiota derived metabolite, was positively associated with BMD and causally downregulated by B. vulgatus. Ovariectomized mice fed B. vulgatus demonstrated increased bone resorption and poorer bone micro-structure, while those fed VA demonstrated reduced bone resorption and better bone micro-structure. VA suppressed RELA protein production (pro-inflammatory), and enhanced IL10 mRNA expression (anti-inflammatory), leading to suppressed maturation of osteoclast-like cells and enhanced maturation of osteoblasts in vitro. The findings suggest that B. vulgatus and VA may represent promising targets for osteoporosis prevention/treatment.
Lactate biosensors for spectrally and spatially multiplexed fluorescence imaging
Authors: Nasu Yusuke , Aggarwal Abhi , Le Giang N. T. , Vo Camilla Trang , Kambe Yuki , Wang Xinxing , Beinlich Felix R. M. , Lee Ashley Bomin , Ram Tina R. , Wang Fangying , Gorzo Kelsea A. , Kamijo Yuki , Boisvert Marc , Nishinami Suguru , Kawamura Genki , Ozawa Takeaki , Toda Hirofumi , Gordon Grant R. , Ge Shaoyu , Hirase Hajime , Nedergaard Maiken , Paquet Marie-Eve , Drobizhev Mikhail , Podgorski Kaspar , Campbell Robert E.
Published: October 2023

l-Lactate is increasingly appreciated as a key metabolite and signaling molecule in mammals. However, investigations of the inter- and intra-cellular dynamics of l-lactate are currently hampered by the limited selection and performance of l-lactate-specific genetically encoded biosensors. Here we now report a spectrally and functionally orthogonal pair of high-performance genetically encoded biosensors: a green fluorescent extracellular l-lactate biosensor, designated eLACCO2.1, and a red fluorescent intracellular l-lactate biosensor, designated R-iLACCO1. eLACCO2.1 exhibits excellent membrane localization and robust fluorescence response. To the best of our knowledge, R-iLACCO1 and its affinity variants exhibit larger fluorescence responses than any previously reported intracellular l-lactate biosensor. We demonstrate spectrally and spatially multiplexed imaging of l-lactate dynamics by coexpression of eLACCO2.1 and R-iLACCO1 in cultured cells, and in vivo imaging of extracellular and intracellular l-lactate dynamics in mice.
Neuronal connected burst cascades bridge macroscale adaptive signatures across arousal states
Authors: Munn Brandon R. , Müller Eli J. , Medel Vicente , Naismith Sharon L. , Lizier Joseph T. , Sanders Robert D. , Shine James M.
Published: October 2023

The human brain displays a rich repertoire of states that emerge from the microscopic interactions of cortical and subcortical neurons. Difficulties inherent within large-scale simultaneous neuronal recording limit our ability to link biophysical processes at the microscale to emergent macroscopic brain states. Here we introduce a microscale biophysical network model of layer-5 pyramidal neurons that display graded coarse-sampled dynamics matching those observed in macroscale electrophysiological recordings from macaques and humans. We invert our model to identify the neuronal spike and burst dynamics that differentiate unconscious, dreaming, and awake arousal states and provide insights into their functional signatures. We further show that neuromodulatory arousal can mediate different modes of neuronal dynamics around a low-dimensional energy landscape, which in turn changes the response of the model to external stimuli. Our results highlight the promise of multiscale modelling to bridge theories of consciousness across spatiotemporal scales.
Systematic analysis of paralogous regions in 41,755 exomes uncovers clinically relevant variation
Authors: Steyaert Wouter , Haer-Wigman Lonneke , Pfundt Rolph , Hellebrekers Debby , Steehouwer Marloes , Hampstead Juliet , de Boer Elke , Stegmann Alexander , Yntema Helger , Kamsteeg Erik-Jan , Brunner Han , Hoischen Alexander , Gilissen Christian
Published: October 2023

The short lengths of short-read sequencing reads challenge the analysis of paralogous genomic regions in exome and genome sequencing data. Most genetic variants within these homologous regions therefore remain unidentified in standard analyses. Here, we present a method (Chameleolyser) that accurately identifies single nucleotide variants and small insertions/deletions (SNVs/Indels), copy number variants and ectopic gene conversion events in duplicated genomic regions using whole-exome sequencing data. Application to a cohort of 41,755 exome samples yields 20,432 rare homozygous deletions and 2,529,791 rare SNVs/Indels, of which we show that 338,084 are due to gene conversion events. None of the SNVs/Indels are detectable using regular analysis techniques. Validation by high-fidelity long-read sequencing in 20 samples confirms >88% of called variants. Focusing on variation in known disease genes leads to a direct molecular diagnosis in 25 previously undiagnosed patients. Our method can readily be applied to existing exome data.
Rheological engineering of perovskite suspension toward high-resolution X-ray flat-panel detector
Authors: Song Zihao , Du Xinyuan , He Xin , Wang Hanqi , Liu Zhiqiang , Wu Haodi , Luo Hongde , Jin Libo , Xu Ling , Zheng Zhiping , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang
Published: October 2023

Solution-processed polycrystalline perovskite film is promising for the next generation X-ray imaging. However, the spatial resolution of current perovskite X-ray panel detectors is far lower than the theoretical limit. Herein we find that the pixel level non-uniformity, also known as fixed pattern noise, is the chief culprit affecting the signal-to-noise ratio and reducing the resolution of perovskite detectors. We report a synergistic strategy of rheological engineering the perovskite suspensions to achieve X-ray flat panel detectors with pixel-level high uniformity and near-to-limit spatial resolution. Our approach includes the addition of methylammonium iodide and polyacrylonitrile to the perovskite suspension, to synergistically enhance the flowability and particle stability of the oversaturated solution. The obtained suspension perfectly suits for the blade-coating process, avoiding the uneven distribution of solutes and particles within perovskite films. The assembled perovskite panel detector exhibits greatly improved fixed pattern noise value (1.39%), high sensitivity (2.24 × 104 μC Gyair−1 cm−2), low detection limit (28.57 nGyair·s−1) as well as good working stability, close to the performance of single crystal detectors. Moreover, the detector achieves a near-to-limit resolution of 0.51 lp/pix.
Dynamic interactions between E-cadherin and Ankyrin-G mediate epithelial cell polarity maintenance
Authors: Kong Chao , Qu Xiaozhan , Liu Mingming , Xu Weiya , Chen Da , Zhang Yanshen , Zhang Shan , Zhu Feng , Liu Zhenbang , Li Jianchao , Huang Chengdong , Wang Chao
Published: October 2023

E-cadherin is an essential cell‒cell adhesion protein that mediates canonical cadherin-catenin complex formation in epithelial lateral membranes. Ankyrin-G (AnkG), a scaffold protein linking membrane proteins to the spectrin-based cytoskeleton, coordinates with E-cadherin to maintain epithelial cell polarity. However, the molecular mechanisms governing this complex formation and its relationships with the cadherin-catenin complex remain elusive. Here, we report that AnkG employs a promiscuous manner to encapsulate three discrete sites of E-cadherin by the same region, a dynamic mechanism that is distinct from the canonical 1:1 molar ratio previously described for other AnkG or E-cadherin-mediated complexes. Moreover, we demonstrate that AnkG-binding-deficient E-cadherin exhibited defective accumulation at the lateral membranes and show that disruption of interactions resulted in cell polarity malfunction. Finally, we demonstrate that E-cadherin is capable of simultaneously anchoring to AnkG and β-catenin, providing mechanistic insights into the functional orchestration of the ankyrin-spectrin complex with the cadherin-catenin complex. Collectively, our results show that complex formation between E-cadherin and AnkG is dynamic, which enables the maintenance of epithelial cell polarity by ensuring faithful targeting of the adhesion molecule-scaffold protein complex, thus providing molecular mechanisms for essential E-cadherin-mediated complex assembly at cell‒cell junctions.
Mitochondrial dysfunction promotes the transition of precursor to terminally exhausted T cells through HIF-1α-mediated glycolytic reprogramming
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhao Xiufeng , Hochrein Sophia M. , Eckstein Miriam , Gubert Gabriela F. , Knöpper Konrad , Mansilla Ana Maria , Öner Arman , Doucet-Ladevèze Remi , Schmitz Werner , Ghesquière Bart , Theurich Sebastian , Dudek Jan , Gasteiger Georg , Zernecke Alma , Kobold Sebastian , Kastenmüller Wolfgang , Vaeth Martin
Published: October 2023

T cell exhaustion is a hallmark of cancer and persistent infections, marked by inhibitory receptor upregulation, diminished cytokine secretion, and impaired cytolytic activity. Terminally exhausted T cells are steadily replenished by a precursor population (Tpex), but the metabolic principles governing Tpex maintenance and the regulatory circuits that control their exhaustion remain incompletely understood. Using a combination of gene-deficient mice, single-cell transcriptomics, and metabolomic analyses, we show that mitochondrial insufficiency is a cell-intrinsic trigger that initiates the functional exhaustion of T cells. At the molecular level, we find that mitochondrial dysfunction causes redox stress, which inhibits the proteasomal degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and promotes the transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming of Tpex cells into terminally exhausted T cells. Our findings also bear clinical significance, as metabolic engineering of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is a promising strategy to enhance the stemness and functionality of Tpex cells for cancer immunotherapy.
Sex difference in the age-related decline of global longitudinal strain of left ventricle
Authors: Lee Kyung-Yeon , Kim Hack-Lyoung , Kim Kyung-Jin
Published: October 2023

Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a valuable indicator of subclinical myocardial dysfunction. Whether the effect of aging on subclinical left ventricular dysfunction is sex-specific is not well documented. This study aimed to identify age-related changes in GLS according to sex in patients with a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In this cross-sectional, single-center cohort study in Korea, participants who underwent GLS measurement using 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography were retrospectively reviewed, and participants with normal LVEF (≥ 55%) without documented cardiovascular disease were included. Reduced GLS was defined as absolute values below 18%. Of 682 study participants (mean age, 58; female, 51.5%), 209 (30.6%) had reduced GLS. Females with reduced GLS were older than those with normal GLS (68 vs. 58 years, P < 0.001); with no difference of age in males (55 vs. 57 years; P = 0.265). Univariate analysis showed age to correlate significantly with reduced GLS only in female (r =  − 0.364; P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, female > 66 years old had significantly higher risk of reduced GLS (Odds ratio 2.66; 95% CI 1.22–5.76; P = 0.014). In participants with normal LVEF, GLS decreased with age in females but not in males. Particularly, females aged 66 years and older had a significantly higher risk of reduced GLS. These findings suggest that GLS could be a valuable parameter for assessing subclinical cardiac dysfunction, especially in older females.
Association of gait and cognition after surgery in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Ishikawa Masatsune , Mori Etsuro
Published: October 2023

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a treatable disease in older adults. The association between gait and cognition has recently become a topic of interest. Sequential changes in this association were investigated in patients with iNPH using a newly developed statistical method. Data were extracted from the SINPHONI-2 multicenter study on iNPH. Fifty patients who underwent shunt surgery were included in this study. Gait and cognition were assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests. In addition to the MMSE total score, changes in the sub-item scores were examined. The ordinal sub-items of the MMSE are usually treated as continuous or categorical; however, both are unsuitable. An ordinal smoothing penalty with a generalized additive model enables precise statistical inference of ordinal and binary predictors. The TUG time improved significantly at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The MMSE total scores increased without statistical significance. Preoperatively, there was no association between TUG time and MMSE sub-items. At 3 months, the “Registration,” ”3-step command,” “Read,” and “Copy” sub-items were statistically significant. The number of significant sub-items increased after 12 months. Thus, the association between gait and cognition gradually increased after surgery in patients with iNPH.
Effect of couple-based health education on male-partners knowledge and attitude towards maternity waiting homes in rural Ethiopia: a cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Yarinbab Teklemariam Ergat , Gesesew Hailay Abrha , Harrison Margo Shawn , Belachew Tefera
Published: October 2023

This cluster-randomized controlled trial examined the effect of couple-based health education on male partners’ knowledge and attitude towards maternity waiting homes (MWH) in rural Ethiopia. Sixteen clusters and 320 couples were randomly assigned to intervention group (receiving group health education, home visits and print health messages alongside usual care) or control group (receiving usual care). The Chi-square test was used to estimate statistical differences, and the difference-in-differences model was used to estimate the effect of the intervention. The generalized linear regression model was used to determine the odds of outcomes between the groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, with a 95% CI. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the control and intervention groups. The net effect of the intervention on improving knowledge about MWHs, and attitude towards MWHs were 35.6% and 36.2%, respectively. The participants in the intervention group were 5.5 times more likely to have good knowledge about MWH (AOR 5.55, 95% CI 3.37–9.14) and 5.6 times more likely to have a favorable attitude towards MWH (AOR 5.61, 95% CI 3.45–9.10) compared to their counterparts. Health education provided to couples significantly improved male partners’ knowledge and attitude towards MWHs in rural Ethiopia.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05015023.
Initial skin necrosis presentation at emergency room was associated with fulminant clinical course and mortality in patients with Vibrio necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Hsiao Chun-Yuan , Huang Tsung-Yu , Teng Li-Yun , Chen Hung-Yen , Hsiao Cheng-Ting , Tsai Yao-Hung , Kuo Shu-Fang
Published: October 2023

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening infection. Skin necrosis is an important skin sign of NF. The purposes of this study was to investigate the initial skin conditions of Vibrio NF patients between emergency room (ER) to preoperative status, to compare the clinical and laboratory risk indicators of the skin necrosis group and non-skin necrosis group when they arrived at ER, and to evaluate whether initial cutaneous necrosis related to fulminant course and higher fatalities. From 2015 to 2019, seventy-two Vibrio NF patients with surgical confirmation were enrolled. We identified 25 patients for inclusion in the skin necrosis group and 47 patients for inclusion in the non-skin necrosis group due to the appearance of skin lesion at ER. Seven patients died, resulting in a mortality rate of 9.7%. Six patients of skin necrosis group and one patient of non-skin necrosis group died, which revealed the skin necrosis group had a significantly higher mortality rate than the non-skin necrosis group. All the patients in the skin necrosis group and 30 patients of non-skin necrosis group developed serous or hemorrhagic bullous lesions before operation (p = 0.0003). The skin necrosis group had a significantly higher incidence of APACHE score, postoperative intubation, Intensive care unit stay, septic shock, leukopenia, higher counts of banded leukocytes, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and lower serum albumin level. Vibrio NF patients presenting skin necrosis at ER were significantly associated with fulminant clinical courses and higher mortality. Physicians should alert the appearance of skin necrosis at ER to early suspect NF and treat aggressively by those clinical and laboratory risk indicators, such as elevated APACHE score, shock, leukopenia, higher banded leukocytes, elevated CRP, and hypoalbuminia.
Comprehensive analyses identify potential biomarkers for encephalitis in HIV infection
Authors: Wang Shitao , Ding Xiangqian , Li Zongyou , Rao Feng , Xu Hui , Lu Jinghong , Ma Xuelu , Zhang Mengen , Xie Zhenrong
Published: October 2023

Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis (HIVE) is a severe neurological complication after HIV infection. Evidence shows that genetic factors play an important role in HIVE. The aim of the present study was to identify new potential therapeutic targets for HIVE. Differentially expressed gene (DEG), functional annotation and pathway, and protein–protein interaction analyses were performed to identify the hub genes associated with HIVE. Gene co-expression analysis was carried out to confirm the association between the hub genes and HIVE. Finally, the role of the hub genes in HIVE therapy was evaluated by conducting drug–gene interaction analysis. A total of 20 overlapping DEGs closely related to HIVE were identified. Functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the markedly enriched DEG terms included ion transport, type II interferon signaling, and synaptic signaling. Moreover, protein–protein interaction analysis revealed that 10 key HIVE-related genes were hub genes, including SCN8A, CDK5R2, GRM5, SCN2B, IFI44L, STAT1, SLC17A7, ISG15, FGF12, and FGF13. Furthermore, six hub genes were co-expressed with HIVE-associated host genes in human brain tissue. Finally, three hub genes (STAT1, ISG15, and SCN2B) interacted with several inflammation-associated drugs. These findings suggested that SCN8A, CDK5R2, GRM5, SCN2B, IFI44L, STAT1, SLC17A7, ISG15, FGF12, and FGF13 may be new targets for diagnosis and therapy of HIVE.
Two-dimensional lead-free silver-bismuth double perovskite nanobelts with intrinsic chirality via co-antisolvent modulation strategy
Authors: Yu Xuexia , Lu Rong , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Shun , Chen Yihuang , Pan Shuang
Published: October 2023

The implementation of co-antisolvent modulation provides a robust strategy for numerous high-quality 2D lead-free chiral perovskite nanomaterials for chiroptical devices.
Lone-pair-induced formation of intrinsic one-dimensional SbSX (X = Cl, Br, I) helix chain materials
Authors: Zhu Ziye , Zhao Shu , Yao Xiaoping , Hu Cong
Published: October 2023

Through first-principles study, we report a class of inborn 1D SbSX (X = Cl, Br, I) helix chains, where the helical feature is facilitated by the lone pairs in antimony atoms and a phase transition between different helix chains can occur.
Growth and electronic properties of Co-doped Mn3O4 thin films: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Alí Astrid , Cisternas Eduardo , Stavale Fernando , Annese Emilia
Published: October 2023

Co (8%) doping of Mn3O4 thin films. Co adopts the 2+ oxidation state and occupies mainly Td sites. Co 3d states appear in Co-Mn3O4 valence band.
A perspective on the relative merits/demerits of time-propagators based on Floquet theorem
Authors: Ganguly Shreyan , Ramachandran Ramesh
Published: October 2023

The present report examines the nuances of analytic methods employed in the derivation of evolution operators in periodically driven quantum systems based on Floquet theorem.
GO-decorated chain-like Fe2O3/FeMn2O4 NPs (GO-Fe2O3/FeMn2O4 nanocomposites) with ultrabroad band microwave absorption
Authors: Arabi Mozhgan , Hekmatara Hoda , Baizaee Seyyed Mahdy
Published: October 2023

Multiple scattering and reflection among Fe2O3/FeMn2O4 NPs chains.
Inorganic synthesis-structure maps in zeolites with machine learning and crystallographic distances
Authors: Schwalbe-Koda Daniel , Widdowson Daniel E. , Pham Tuan Anh , Kurlin Vitaliy A.
Published: October 2023

Crystallographic representations and machine learning predict inorganic synthesis conditions for arbitrary zeolites, as validated with literature-mined data.
One-pot chemo-enzymatic synthesis and one-step recovery of length-variable long-chain polyphosphates from microalgal biomass
Authors: Lin Yi-Hsuan , Nishikawa Shota , Jia Tony Z. , Yeh Fang-I. , Khusnutdinova Anna , Yakunin Alexander F. , Fujishima Kosuke , Wang Po-Hsiang
Published: October 2023

Phosphate, an essential ingredient in fertilizers and detergents used daily worldwide, is a finite resource that may be exhausted within 70 years, while improper phosphate waste disposal into aquatic environments will result in eutrophication.
Unlocking the graphitization potential of lignin: insights into its transformation through hot pressing and carbonization
Authors: Qu Wangda , Han Xiao , Liu Jing , Yin Linghong , Liang Chen , Hu Pengyu
Published: October 2023

The graphitizability of lignin was greatly enhanced via the developed hot pressing process.
Automated standard dilution analysis using a four-port switching valve for fast inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry determination
Authors: Ingham Jesse R. , Jones Bradley T. , Donati George L.
Published: October 2023

A four-port switching valve (SV4) autonomously mix the two calibration solutions in standard dilution analysis for fast and accurate ICP-OES analysis of complex matrices.
A highly efficient room-temperature NO2 gas sensor based on three-dimensional core–shell structured CoS2 bridged Co3O4@MoS2
Authors: Chang Haiyang , Fan Jiahui , Yang Kejian , Wang Cheng , Zhang Boxuan , Zhang Wanying , Chen Xudong
Published: October 2023

In recent years, two-dimensional transition metal dihalides have emerged as a subject of growing research interest in the field of gas sensing.
Characterization of modified methylaluminoxane by ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry and ultra-high resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Naim Ahmad , Hubert-Roux Marie , Cirriez Virginie , Welle Alexandre , Vantomme Aurelien , Kirillov Evgueni , Carpentier Jean-François , Giusti Pierre , Afonso Carlos
Published: October 2023

High resolution mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry with paraffin inert ASAP provide valuable information on the structure of modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO).
A STEM tomographic multiplication nano-moiré method
Authors: Zhao Yao , Wen Huihui , Yang Yang , Dong Jie , Feng Wei , Zhang Hongye , Liu Zhanwei , Liu Chao
Published: October 2023

The tomographic multiplication nanometer moiré method has been developed to visualize lattice deformation in 3D over a large field of view.
Tethered together: DASA design towards aqueous compatibility
Authors: Peterson Julie A. , Neris Natalia M. , Read de Alaniz Javier
Published: October 2023

Donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are an exciting class of photoswitches due to their facile tunability, visible light absorbance, and negative photochromism.
A copper(ii) peptide helicate selectively cleaves DNA replication foci in mammalian cells
Authors: Alcalde-Ordóñez Ana , Barreiro-Piñeiro Natalia , McGorman Bríonna , Gómez-González Jacobo , Bouzada David , Rivadulla Francisco , Vázquez M. Eugenio , Kellett Andrew , Martínez-Costas José , López Miguel Vázquez
Published: October 2023

We report a CuII peptide helicate that selectively binds DNA 3WJs in cells, damaging DNA replication foci by ROS production, thus demonstrating for the first time the selective cleavage of this noncanonical DNA structure with a chemical nuclease.
Trifluoromethylarylation of alkenes using anilines
Authors: Corral Suarez Carlos , Colomer Ignacio
Published: October 2023

This work unlocks the use of anilines in the selective trifluoromethylarylation of olefins via a mild protocol that avoids transition metals, expensive photocatalysts and additives, where hexafluoroisopropanol is a unique solvent that promotes it.
1,2-Disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as saturated bioisosteres of ortho-substituted benzene
Authors: Denisenko Aleksandr , Garbuz Pavel , Makovetska Yelyzaveta , Shablykin Oleh , Lesyk Dmytro , Al-Maali Galeb , Korzh Rodion , Sadkova Iryna V. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K.
Published: October 2023

1,2-Disubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have been synthesized, characterized, and biologically validated as saturated bioisosteres of the ortho-substituted benzene ring.
The effects of lignin source and extraction on the composition and properties of biorefined depolymerization products
Authors: Obrzut Natalia , Hickmott Rob , Shure Lily , Gray Kimberly A.
Published: October 2023

Source and extraction modify lignin structure and subsequent processing. Under our biorefining conditions, organosolv herbaceous lignin yields maximum antioxidant capacity.
A beginner’s guide to supervising a PhD researcher
Authors: Guccione Kay , Stefanatos Rhoda
Published: October 2023

This beginner’s guide to supervision has been created for anyone who supports postgraduate researchers (PGRs) with any aspect of their research or the completion of their degree. The supervision of PGRs is a complex and time-consuming job, with a high degree of responsibility. Good supervision is a key component of PGR success and is vital to the health of our research as a nation as well as the health of our individual researchers. In the recent research literature, supervision has been shown to impact on PhD completion time, retention of students, their success, their perceptions of the value of the PhD, their mental health and well-being and their career choice. In acknowledgement, the UKRI statement of Expectations for Postgraduate Training states that “Research Organisations are expected to provide excellent standards of supervision, management and mentoring…” and the UK’s Quality Assurance Agency states that therefore “Supervisors should be provided with sufficient time, support and opportunities to develop and maintain their supervisory practice”. Noting that “supervisors represent the most important external influence in the learning and development that occurs in students’ training” the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology’s Committee on Education details interpersonal responsibilities of the supervisor that cover the need to work as partners, see the student as a whole person, be aware of power imbalance and develop strategies for the resolution of relationship difficulties, as well as giving academic and career support.
“Why Are You Meditating? You Can Just Pray”: A Focus Group Study With Hispanic/LatinaSpeech-Language Pathology Graduate Students
Authors: Medina Angela M. , Mead Jean S.
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the perceptions of mindfulness held by a small sample of graduate Hispanic/Latina speech-language pathology (SLP) students.

Method:

Seven second-year graduate SLP students who identified as Hispanic/Latina were included in this study. Participants completed a survey and participated in a 60-min focus group session. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while focus group data underwent thematic analysis.

Results:

Thematic analysis of the focus group data gave rise to three major themes: “perceptions of mindfulness,” “cultural parallels,” and “familial considerations,” which was composed of two subthemes: “openness about practice” and “tools to facilitate family understanding.”

Conclusion:

Participants in this study discussed the benefits of mindfulness and their willingness to practice; however, stigmatizing beliefs and lack of education about mindfulness within their cultural communities need to be addressed.
Transcriptional regulation of the human factor IX promoter by the orphan receptor superfamily factors, HNF4, ARP1 and COUP/Ear3
Authors: Naka H. , Brownlee G.G
Published: October 2023

A study of the human clotting factor IX promoter by DNase I footprinting and gel shifts in vitro, and by functional analysis of HepG2 cells in vivo, suggests that the liver‐enriched transcription factor, HNF4, is involved in transactivating two cis‐acting elements, i.e. X (nucleotides –15 to ⊥36 and Y (nucleotides –15 to ⊥36 ), in addition to the well‐known element centred around nucleotide –20. Other members of the orphan receptor superfamily, e.g. ARP1 and COUP/Ear3, repress the factor IX promoter possibly by competition with HNF4 binding sites in the X and Yelements, but probably not at the –20 element. Mutations at –6 in the promoter, similar to those found in patients with haemophilia B, hinder HNF4 binding and transactivation of the X element, suggesting that impaired HNF4 binding contributes to the down‐regulation of the factor IX expression in these patients, but is unlikely to be the only factor involved.
Study of Anti‐Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies in Patients with Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)
Authors: HALACHEVA K. S , MANOLOVA I. M , PETKOV D. P , ANDREEV A. P.
Published: October 2023

The presence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and their specificity to myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin and elastase were studied in 27 patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease), including nine in mild stage of the disease (group I) and 18 in active or severe stage (group II). Serum samples were investigated for ANCA prevalence by indirect immunofluorescent technique and fixed neutrophil ELISA; the reactivity to myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin and elastase was measured by ELISA. ANCA were found in 55.5% (15/27) of the patients by indirect immunofluorescence and in 59.25% (16/27) by fixed neutrophil ELISA. A highly significant positive association was observed between the values obtained by the two methods. Only six of 15 ANCA‐positive sera reacted with myeloperoxidase and four of 15 with lactoferrin. One ANCA‐negative serum reacted with elastase. Antimyeloperoxidase, antilactoferrin and antielastase autoantibodies were found only in the severe group. There was statistically significant difference in the frequency of ANCA in sera of patients with thromboangiitis obliterans versus control sera. ANCA were predominantly found in group II (66.7%; 12/18) compared to group I (33.3%; 3/9) and the levels of antimyeloperoxidase, antilactoferrin and antielastase antibodies correlated with disease severity. Therefore, detection of ANCA can be a helpful serological test for the diagnosis of thromboangiitis obliterans.
Investigation of transmission characteristic for harmonic magnetic gears considering dynamic eccentricity using magnetic equivalent circuit
Authors: Li Bingchu , Shi Jiahao , Wang Shuangyuan , Liu Chengliang
Published: October 2023

Harmonic magnetic gears (HMGs) have the advantage of lubrication‐free, high speed ratio and high torque density, which make it an attractive solution for safety critical applications. Due to eccentricity caused by machining and assembly, HMG suffers from dynamic eccentricity (DE) in operation, however, its effect on HMG performance is still unknown. Transmission characteristic of HMG under DE is studied. First, a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model of HMG is proposed to build the magnetic coupling torque analytically, and the geometry of air gap is analysed parametrically to derive its equivalent reluctances. Flux density and coupling torque can be acquired by solving MEC equations. The accuracy of the MEC model is verified by finite element method. To study the transmission characteristic, an electromechanical coupling simulation framework for HMG is constructed, motion trajectories of rotors are investigated in case of DE, the output torque in locked‐rotor condition and speed response in continuous operation can be derived by simulation. It is found that torque ripples that have the same frequency with input rotor are induced by DE; the results are then verified in the experiment. This paper provides a theoretical guidance for the design and condition monitoring of HMG.
Simulation Optimization of Energy-saving Techniques for Gymnasiums in Jiangxi Province Based on DesignBuilder
Authors: Liu Libei
Published: October 2023

Large-scale public gymnasiums in hot-summer and cold-winter zone can achieve internal and external heat exchange, maintain the indoor thermal environment, and reduce the use of air conditioning and other equipment to achieve the goal of energy savings and emission reduction by using natural ventilation techniques. With the help of DesignBuilder software, we simulate the energy consumption data of a gymnasium throughout the year in this paper using the single-factor analysis method. We then compare and optimize the ventilation strategy of the gymnasium in order to provide a case study example for the design stage of the same type of building in this region.
Research on the Risk Management of Shantytown Renovation Project Based on Grey Clustering Method
Authors: Jiang Yanli , Tu Qinqin
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the risk evaluation model of shantytown transformation is constructed with the second area shantytown transformation project of Q city as a research case. Firstly, the brainstorming method and Delphi method are used to determine the risk evaluation index system of shantytown transformation, secondly, the weights of the evaluation model are determined by a linear combination of the C-OWA operator assignment method and entropy weighting method, which reduces the subjective influence of the assignment, and finally, the grey clustering method is used to assess the risk level of the shantytown transformation, and relevant measures are proposed to reduce the risk of the shantytown transformation according to the results, which reduces to a certain degree the the possibility of risk occurrence in the process of shantytown transformation, providing theoretical guidance for the shantytown transformation project in Q city.
Research on Evaluation of Eco-Metro Station Levels Based on Hierarchical Analysis Models
Authors: Zhiming Zhang , Yong Chung Ee Jonathan , Siuhong Wan , Cong Peng , Xiaoqing Yang , Bo Li
Published: October 2023

With the help of hierarchical analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory, this paper innovatively constructs a hierarchical evaluation model of underground metro station ecological building projects from six aspects, namely, land saving, material saving, indoor environment, water saving, energy saving and operation management, and combines with the premise of spatial specificity and complexity of underground metro stations, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of ecological buildings in the construction of underground metro stations. The article selects the ecological building of underground station in Qingdao, China to carry out comprehensive evaluation and validation. The results of the study show that the evaluation model based on hierarchical analysis can effectively quantify the ecological grades of metro station projects.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Pavement Waterproofing Layer Materials for Bridge and Tunnel Projects
Authors: Li Zhaoyuan
Published: October 2023

In order to achieve the preferential selection of pavement waterproofing layer materials, so that the waterproofing layer material selection is more scientific and objective, eliminating the impact of subjective factors, this paper uses hierarchical analysis to build a hierarchical evaluation model of pavement waterproofing layer. Based on the literature review method, a two-tier evaluation index of the layered evaluation model of pavement waterproofing layer materials was constructed, mainly three first-tier indexes of performance assessment, service life assessment, and cost assessment, under which the second-tier indexes of waterproofing performance, durability, weather resistance, impermeability, crack resistance, thermal stability, aging resistance, low temperature crack resistance, fatigue resistance, material cost, construction cost, and maintenance cost were established. And through the hierarchical analysis method of calculation, test the consistency by deriving the weight of each indicator, where the most important first layer of indicators for performance, the weight of 0.5390, the second layer of indicators is more important for waterproof performance (0.5303), thermal stability (0.3550), low-temperature crack resistance (0.3550), material cost (0.6333). The study provides a scientific and objective evaluation model for the preferential selection of pavement waterproofing layer materials.
A study on reduction of air pollution by adding mesoporous adsorbent in road pavements
Authors: Indhiradevi P. , Meenakshi B.S. , Ram Vivekanandhan M. , Keerthigha G. , Chettri Nekkil , pushkalapriya Poorna
Published: October 2023

The amount of dangerous pollutants such carbon dioxide, Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons, and fine particulate matter increases as a result of vehicle pollution. Vehicle pollution, which is caused by harmful substances released into the environment by motor vehicles, helps to create air pollution. While the impacts of air pollution on objects, plants, and animals can be quantified, the effects on human health can only be inferred from epidemiological data. Additionally, the observations of the impacts of air pollution are complicated by the health effects of smoking and other lifestyle factors and exposures. According to all available data, air pollutants pose such a risk to people’s health and welfare that their control is required. The addition of the mesoporous adsorbent effectively consumes the air pollutants and reduces air pollution and limits the vehicular emission control timely. When the mesoporous adsorbent is added along with the materials used in road pavement, no matter how many vehicles move on the road this material simultaneously adsorbs the vehicular emissions. This study results in major reductions in vehicle pollutant emissions with net saving in life and substantial improvement in the environmental conditions.
Studies on Estuary of Thamirabarani River, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Suresh P.K. , Surendar N. , Sundaravadivelu R. , Dhanasekar K.
Published: October 2023

The state of Tamilnadu is located along the south west of Indian peninsula. The state has nearly 40 river basin and most of them are seasonal. The river Thamirabarani is one of the perennial rivers covering 3 districts namely Tenkasi, Tirunelveli and Tuticorin. The river originates from the eastern side of the west coast and confluences with Bay of Bengal at a village called Punnakayal in Tuticorin district. The Thamirabarani river is known for its irrigation potential in the upper reaches. By the time it reaches the lower end, the flow is very low. The east coast is well known for its littoral drift which is dominantly towards the north direction. The village is famous for its fishing potential. The study area of Punnakayal is influenced by two monsoons namely south west and north east. Due to absence of high flow in the non-monsoon period, the estuaries are highly blocked by sand bar formation. Because of this sand bar formation, the fisherman find it difficult to go in to deep sea during low tide time. Hence studies were made and remedial measures were suggested and completed. The details of hydrologic analyses, hydraulic modelling, hydrodynamic studies, assessment of littoral drift remedial measures and post project performance are detailed in the paper.
Physical Activity, Inactivity and Sleep in Individuals with
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Charman Sarah J , Blain Alasdair P , Okwose Nduka C , Fuller Amy S , Alyahya Alaa I , Hallsworth Kate , Eggett Christopher , Luke Peter , Bailey Kristian , MacGowan Guy A , Jakovljevic Djordje G
Published: October 2023

Physical activity presents an important cornerstone in the management and care of
individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Twenty-one individuals with
HCM (age: 52±15 years old, body mass index (BMI):
30±7 kg/m2) completed 7-day monitoring
using wrist-worn triaxial accelerometers (GENEActiv, ActivInsights Ltd, UK) and
were compared to age and sex-matched healthy controls (age: 51±14 years
old, BMI: 25±4 kg/m2). For individuals with
HCM, clinical parameters (left atrial diameter and volume, peak oxygen
consumption, NTproBNP and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHF)) were
correlated with accelerometry. After adjusting for BMI, individuals with HCM
spent less time in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (86
(55–138) vs. 140 (121–149) minutes/day,
p<0.05) compared to healthy controls. Individuals with HCM
engaged in fewer MVPA-5 min (6 (2–15) vs. 27 (23–37)
minutes/day, p<0.01) and MVPA-10 min bouts (9
(0–19) vs. 35 (17–54) minutes/day,
p<0.01) versus healthy controls. For HCM only, peak oxygen
consumption was correlated with MVPA (r=0.60,
p<0.01) and MVPA-5 min bouts (r=0.47,
p<0.05). MLHF score was correlated with sleep duration
(r=0.45, p<0.05). Individuals with HCM should
be encouraged to engage in moderate-intensity physical activity bouts and reduce
prolonged periods of inactivity in order to potentially improve exercise
tolerance and reduce disease burden.
Thermostable Insensitive Energetic Materials Based on a Triazolopyridine Fused Framework with Alternating Nitro and Amine Groups
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Ran You , Xia Honglei , Song Siwei , Wang Kangcai
Published: October 2023

In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of novel triazolopyridine fused-ring compounds with alternating nitro and amine groups. Three compounds showed remarkable thermal stability at 256, 310, and 294 °C, respectively, and a low mechanical sensitivity [impact sensitivity (IS) = 40 J, friction sensitivity (FS) = 324 N; IS = 35 J, FS = 240 N; and IS > 40 J, FS = 324 N, respectively]. Significantly, two of these compounds exhibited a better detonation performance [detonation velocity (D) = 8200 and 8335 m s–1, Detonation pressure (P) = 25.6 and 27.2 GPa, respectively] than the widely used heat-resistant explosive hexanitrostilbene (HNS; D = 7612 m s–1, P = 24.3 GPa). Additionally, a nitramine derivative displayed a detonation performance (D = 8569 m s–1, P = 31.3 GPa) similar to that of the high-energy explosive RDX. The superior properties of the materials were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and by several theoretical calculations (ESP, LOL–π, Hirshfeld surfaces, RDG, and NCI analyses). These results indicated that the three compounds might be potential candidates for use as heat-resistant energetic materials.