bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le Sida : épidémiologie et anthropologie
Authors: Sindzingre Nicole Alice , Jourdain Gonzague
Published: May 2023

Aids, epidemics and anthropology.

Despite the quantity and quality of knowledge accumulated during the past six years of research AIDS remains a subject of global uncertainty and concern. In Africa there is a quasi-paralysis of medical staff in the public sector on the issue. More than any other illness medical research on AIDS requires am analysis of cultural and individual representations within African societies.
Opération coup de poing santé au Congo
Authors: Dumoulin Jérôme
Published: May 2023

The effects of an assault on health care in the Congo.

In an environment of general shortages what happens when there are suddenly abundant supplies ? The effects of an operation of increased medical supplies staged in the Congo are analyzed. The impact on health care is examined alongside the effects on the functioning of the health care system as a whole and the attitudes of both the professionals and the populations involved.
L’islam dans son miroir ou comment les journaux égyptiens voient l'islam en Afrique noire
Authors: Otayek René
Published: May 2023

Islam reflecting itself, or how Egyptian newspapers see Islam in black Africa.

Studies of Islam in Black Africa say little, or nothing at all, on how the Muslims in the Arab world perceive the state of the Islamic community in the South of the Sahara. An analysis of articles published in the Egyptian press reveals the recurrence of certain dominant themes; in the meantime, it shows different perceptions of the problems according to the ideological orientation of the newspapers. Therefore, what is said about Islam in Black Africa can only be understood in reference to the legitimacy conflicts at work in Egypt itself.
Les prolongements du conflit israélo-arabe en Afrique noire : le cas du Sierra Leone
Authors: Ellis Stephen
Published: May 2023

The extention of the Arab-Israeli conflict : the case of Sierra Leone.

Like other Black African states, Sierra Leone has been affected by the extension of the conflicts in the Middle East. Lebanese and Iranian Shiites on the one hand, and Israël on the other, are engaged in a struggle for influence in which the state of Sierra Leone has been involved in spite of itself. Even though it somewhat benefits from this situation, it is obviously a victim of stakes that go far beyond its control.
Une École «pour le Peuple» ?
Authors: Makonda Antoine
Published: May 2023

A school for people ?

One of the principal themes of the socialist state used to be free and compulsary education for all. This principle while generous a priori, has had negative effects : the recruiement of unqualified teachers, absence of a real policy on school equipment, wrong use of funds and programs that were not adapted to the needs of the country. One has therefore ended up with overpopulated schools, with important age differences between pupils of the same class and therefore, a decline in standards.
Discours et contrôle politique : les avatars du Sankarisme
Authors: Labazée Pascal
Published: May 2023

Avec l’arrivée au pouvoir du capitaine Sankara, le politique burkinabè paraît avoir été occupé par le seul débat révolutionnaire. Le Conseil national de la révolution, défini comme l’avant-garde, s’impose en tant qu’unique producteur légitime de l’idéologie révolutionnaire. Échelle de valeur hiérarchisant les catégories sociales reconnues par le pouvoir, ce système de représentation se modifie à partir de 1985, en prévision du nouveau jeu d’alliances auquel la situation du pays contraint le CNR.
Le CNR et les femmes : de la difficulté de libérer «la moitié du ciel»
Authors: Kanse Sani Mathias
Published: May 2023

L’attitude du pouvoir révolutionnaire à l’égard de la femme apparaît ambiguë : oscillant entre modernisme et tradition, la libération de la femme s’est heurtée à de multiples résistances au sommet même de l’Etat d’une part et, d’autre part, chez les femmes qui n’y voyaient pas que des avantages.
Société nomade et État en Algérie
Authors: Boukhobza M'hamed
Published: May 2023

La colonisation a détruit le nomadisme en Algérie générant une crise aggravée par les sécheresses de 1944-1947 et la guerre d’indépendance. La vision moderniste de l’État-nation algérien évacue le fait nomade. Socialement décapité de ses élites, économiquement amoindri, le nomadisme tend à devenir une relique dans un projet de société mû par une dynamique de transformation sans précédent.
Le lion et la gazelle : États et Touaregs
Authors: Bourgeot André
Published: May 2023

Trois cas (Algérie, Mali, Niger) illustrent le devenir des touaregs saharo-sahéliens, conditionné par des circonstances historiques et climatiques, et par les orientations politiques et le poids des États considérés. Des capacités de flexibilité sociale, un sens aigu du politique et du pouvoir, des tactiques d’esquive permettent à ces pasteurs-nomades d’être partie prenante de rapports de force politique moderne.
Les Afars : la fin du nomadisme
Authors: Dilleyta Aden Mohamed
Published: May 2023

The Afars and state power in the horn of Africa.

The Afars are confronted by the expansion of irrigated plantations on their grazzing grounds in Ethiopia and rapid urbanisation in Djibouti. After a period of rebellious resistance, the Afars are destabilised by repeated drought and are now constrained to sédentarisation. Would the creation of an autonomous Afar region in Ethiopia save the cultural specificity of its populations ?
Les Guinéens de l’extérieur : rentrer au pays ?
Authors: Oury Amadou Bah , Keita Bintou , Lootvoet Benoît
Published: May 2023

A la mort de Sékou Touré, le tiers des Guinéens vivait en exil. Cette diaspora a accueilli avec intérêt la fin de la dictature. Mais que beaucoup d’exilés n’aient pas choisi ou eu la possibilité de se réinsérer manifeste l’existence d’une fracture entre Guinéens «de l’intérieur» et Guinéens «de l’extérieur». Ceux qui sont revenus ne constituent ni un lobby ni un parti clandestin.
Ajustement structurel et politiques alimentaires en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Hirsch Robert
Published: May 2023

Bien qu’issu d’un même corps de doctrine néo-libéral, l’assainissement financier qui est conduit dans chaque pays est interprété, discuté, remodelé en fonction des circonstances, des résistances et du contexte et il interdit de véritables politiques alimentaires. L’ajustement encourage l’importation de produits largement consommés et compétitifs et les tentatives de privatisation des circuits de commercialisation sont loin de donner partout satisfaction. Reposant sur des postulats erronés, l’ajustement, s’il oblige à repenser la gestion économique sur des bases plus saines, expose sans précaution des économies fragiles au marché international et les rend encore plus dépendantes.
La politique du pain : les mots et les choses (Kenya et Zimbabwe)
Authors: Bourmaud Daniel , Darbon Dominique
Published: May 2023

La politique alimentaire n’est pas cet ensemble de décisions techniques et objectivement rationnelles qu’on veut bien présenter parfois. Touchant aux fondements mêmes de l’autorité et de l’État, elle n’est qu’un enjeu contrôlé et modelé par les dirigeants politiques autour duquel s’affrontent tous les groupes sociaux aspirant au pouvoir.
Les importations alimentaires urbaines et l’ajustement structurel
Authors: Coussy jean
Published: May 2023

S’il fait subir aux plus pauvres une contraction de leur consommation, l’ajustement ne se traduit que rarement par la contraction des importations alimentaires dans la mesure où chaque pays cherche à éviter une application mécanique des mesures préconisées. Tout ceci oblige le FMI et la Banque mondiale à tolérer certaines mesures contraires au crédo de l’ajustement et à assouplir les programmes de redressement.
Dynamiques populistes et cristallisations institutionnelles (1960-1990)
Authors: Colin Roland
Published: May 2023

The dynamics of populism and institutional crystallization.

During the Diori Hamani period, a populist approach centared around the notion of «popular participation in dsevelopment» featured at the cors of the politics of government. Such an approach has been retained by the military regime which refers to the theme of a «société de développement». The article presents the evolution of this process and points to its contradictions.
L’armée et le pouvoir
Authors: Niandou souley Abdoulaye
Published: May 2023

Cet article analyse les rapports entre civils et militaires depuis la prise de pouvoir par ces derniers, ainsi que les conditions dans lesquels ceux-ci ont exercé leur gestion. Il examine également le cadre juridique et institutionnel dans lequel l’armée s’est efforcée de consacrer de façon formelle son rôle politique et de le pérenniser.
La chefferie traditionnelle en question
Authors: Abba Souleymane
Published: May 2023

Traditionnal rulers in question.

Chieftaincy always represented a major political force in Niger. The colonial administration first, civilian and military rulers later, were compelled to take into account such a reality. Through changes in the chiefs’ appointment procedures, the state has been attemping to increase its control, with a risk that this may weaken its legitimacy and the instrumental value of preexisting alliance patterns.
Le fait économique haoussa
Authors: Grégoire Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

The Hausa factor.

The significance and the economic role of Hausa businessmen is today recognised by the Niger state as well as by international organisations. The author presents an historical approach to accumulation processes through a description of the genesis ans development of this phenomenon and its relationship with the construction of a national state.
Le désert quadrillé : des Touaregs au Niger
Authors: Bourgeot André
Published: May 2023

La situation actuelle des Touaregs du Niger s’inscrit dans le prolongement de la crise du pastoralisme nomade amorcée pendant les années cinquante. Les fluctuations politiques nigéro-libyennes les fragilisent. L’intervention de projets de développement risque de transformer l’espace pastoral communautaire en «terre» privative, source d’enjeux sur un territoire qui se transforme en foncier. Les Réserves naturelles, instaurées par le WWF et Air, pose le problème de l’intérêt public et du devenir de ces populations nomades. Ne détourneront-elles pas ces interventions extérieures de leurs propres finalités ?
L’Etat prédateur
Authors: Darbon Dominique
Published: May 2023

En s’affirmant comme l’expression de la civilisation, l’État en Afrique refusait de se socialiser. Ne disposant d’autres richesses que le monopole des postes étatiques, soutenues à bout de bras par leurs pygmalions du Nord, les élites au pouvoir ont pu bloquer l’émergence d’un État-produit social.
France-Afrique : la fin du pacte colonial
Authors: Bayart Jean-François
Published: May 2023

France-Africa : the end of the colonial pact.

In spite of appearances, the African policy of France in wending off. The increasing withdrawal of France south of the Sahara has many causes and will contribute in accelerating the geo-political restructuration of the sub-continental space marked by the rise of third party actors. More generally, the loss of western interest for Africa could be translated by an intensification of «belly politics» as a way of managing African resources.
L’État et les municipalités en Côte d’ivoire : Un jeu de cache-cache ?
Authors: Yapi Diahou Alphonse
Published: May 2023

The state and municipalities in the Ivory Coast : a game of hide-and-seek ?

In the Ivory Coast, the shortage of urban land weighs heavily on the actions of new municipalities. The state has unloaded its responsibilities on these municipalities, in parti¬ cular when it is necessary to resettle displaced populations, without giving them the corres¬ ponding legal resources. These contradictions have weakened the new bodies and oblige them to operate without a legal basis and sometimes quite illegally. These contradictions cannot be understood if one forgets who is benefiting from these practices and that, beyond the perpetuation of vested interests, it is the maintenance of government economic intervention and State authority which are in question.
L’automne d’une monarchie
Authors: Willame Jean-Claude
Published: May 2023

Endgame for a monarchy.

The «Mobutu system» which amounts to an «absolute monarchy», relying on the monopoly exerted over state wealth, is currently facin a crisis of legitimacy. The author discusses various scenarios for the future.
Lettre à un universitaire zaïrois
Authors: Ngandu Pius nkashama
Published: May 2023

Après de longues études à l’étranger, l’universitaire zaïrois doit choisir entre des conditions d’existence «suicidaire» au pays, et la précarité de l’exil. Alors que le régime en place a détruit sciemment l’Université, les enseignants ont peur. Une solution : brisons le mur du silence.
L’enseignement supérieur : vers l’explosion
Authors: Verhaegen Benoît
Published: May 2023

La rupture des régimes africains se fera dans les villes universitaires, sous la pression des étudiants, des jeunes exclus du système éducatif, et des diplômés-chômeurs. Description et analyse du système universitaire Zaïrois. Aspirations de la société, corruption, désir d’éviter la contestation : tous les acteurs de la société poussent à une production maximum de diplômes. Mais les moyens sont très limités, et la qualité des diplômes faible.
La problématique de la démocratie en Afrique noire. «La Baule, et puis après ?»
Authors: Bayart Jean-François
Published: May 2023

La problématique de la démocratie en Afrique ne peut être comprise qu’en termes historiques. Au regard des évolutions en cours, deux scénarios sont envisageables : rigueur accentuée des plans d’ajustement avec un risque accru d’autoritarisme, ou exacerbation de la politique du ventre, dont on ne voit pas le parti que la démocratie pourrait en tirer.
Vent des îles. La victoire de l’opposition aux îles du Cap-Vert et à Sao Tomé e Príncipe
Authors: Cahen Michel
Published: May 2023

Début 1991, l’opposition a triomphalement remporté les élections dans les archipels du Cap-Vert et de Sao Tomé e Principe. C’était la première fois en Afrique noire qu’un tel cas de figure se produisait : alternance par le biais des urnes. S’agissait-il de deux régimes de parti unique particulièrement haïs ? Ou plutôt de l’aspiration à la démocratie dans deux pays de «dictature modérée» ou une opinion publique a toujours pu, peu ou prou, s’exprimer ? En outre, il s’est agi de deux pays sans questions ethniques cristallisées, où le fait créole, le sentiment centrifuge, polarisent l’opposition autour d’un seul parti. Il en a résulté une scission au sein de l’élite créole dirigeante, mais malgré le passé «radical» des ex-partis uniques convertis depuis 1985 au libéralisme économique, la politique ne sera pas vraiment nouvelle : elle restera celle du FMI, facteur de désillusion et d’instabilité.
La crise de l’ajustement
Authors: Diouf Makhtar
Published: May 2023

Le Sénégal est soumis à un PAS (Plan d'ajustement structurel) depuis 1979 et depuis, plusieurs mesures ont été prises pour remédier à une situation économique dégradée. Mais, outre qu'elles n'ont pas donné les résultats escomptés, ces mesures se sont traduites par de lourds sacrifices et une paupérisation accélérée. Une solution serait que toutes les forces vives du pays soient associées à l’élaboration des indispensables réformes économiques.
Les intellectuels et leurs publics face à l’histoire. L’expérience sud-africaine du History Workshop (1978-1988)
Authors: Bozzoli Belinda
Published: May 2023

Intellectuals and their audiences facing history. The South-African experience of the history workshop (1978-1988).

The experience of the «History Workshop» of Witwatersrand University (Johannesburg) from 1978 is an excellent revealer of the evolution of the populist perception of the South-African intellectuals. The first meeting was a very academic one but the second one with an «Open Doors Day» in 1981 completely changed the relations with the audience. In 1984, the collaboration with the trade-unions and representative associations really led popular culture to play an important role. The new changes are even better mirrored in the 1987 workshop : nationalism took over working classes ideas. But the social history must preserve its autonomy, otherwise it would only serve a pre-established political line.
Histoire et historiographie du politique en Afrique. La nécessité d’une relecture critique (à propos de la démocratie)
Authors: Coquery-Vidrovitch Catherine
Published: May 2023

History and historiography of politics in africa. The need for a critical re-reading.

The ancient African political society were not only not democratical, but above all did not contain any seed directly profitable to democracy, concept and process of the developed countries. Three inherited hinderances must be underlined : the concept of social inequality, the consensus principle and inseparability of religion and politics. The autocracy of colonial regimes did not favour the democratical thought, in spite of an unavoidable influence of the parent-state, would it be only through school contacts. Nevertheless, the consciousness of the individual and the impossible but necessary search for a balance between the paradoxical but complementary principles of freedom and equality are universal attainments in history hampered by no determinism. But all african of foreign research workers should bear in mind the scouring of commonplaces inherited from the colonial period. These should note be posed as dogmas any longer, though scientific writings are still padded with them (ethny, dualism, tradition/modemity, traditional power, and so on...). In short, time has come to decolonize the history of Africa.
L’éducation et la construction nationale dans l’Afrique du Sud des années 1990. Comment réformer l’enseignement de l’histoire pour l’après-apartheid
Authors: Kallaway Peter
Published: May 2023

L’analyste du système éducationnel sud-africain décrit son expérience personnelle au sein de la commission officielle chargée de réfléchir aux nouveaux programmes de l’enseignement de l’histoire dans le primaire et le secondaire. Il dévoile les stratégies du pouvoir en la matière : celui-ci semble avoir pris une longueur d’avance sur les conceptions des représentants des nationalistes noirs. L’histoire doit être «nationale» mais rester autant que faire se peut «ethnique» et même raciale : cette modernisation de l’idéologie ségrégative en dit long sur la réalité concrète des transformations à venir.
Un an de transition politique : de la révolte à la troisième République
Authors: Bertrand Monique
Published: May 2023

Quatorze mois de transition démocratique malienne ont souligné les difficultés de restauration de l’autorité de l’Etat dans le contexte d’une insécurité régionale croissante au nord du pays : révélation du rôle de la jeunesse dans le changement de régime, responsabilité de l’armée dans la répression de janvier-mars 1991, multiplication des partis politiques. Les contradictions socio-économiques dont a hérité le CTSP se sont donc amplifiées sous la pression des légitimités corporatistes concurrentes d’une société civile en crise. L’apprentissage d’une difficile mobilisation électorale offre ainsi de nombreuses hypothèses au parti leader de la troisième République, l’ADEMA, et à son premier Président A.O. Konaré.
La stratégie alimentaire entre la famine et l’autosuffisance
Authors: Phélinas Pascale
Published: May 2023

Food strategy between famine and self supply.

The objective of food self-supply brought Mali to implement sponsored agricultural policies which are sometimes spectacular. The reason for the poor results is found less in the pluviométrie irregularity than in the inadequacy of politics which do not integrate parameters like market irregularity, stocks and credits problems.
Le pêcheur, le colonisateur et l’État indépendant
Authors: Baumann Éveline
Published: May 2023

La production halieutique actuelle ne représente que la moitié de celle des années 1930, les années de boom. Les conditions écologiques, les initiatives spectaculaires comme les opérations «Pêches» qui se sont révélées plus budgétivores que productivités ainsi que les technologies inadaptées expliquent largement cet échec.
Entre État et populations : l’école et l’éducation en devenir
Authors: Gérard Etienne
Published: May 2023

Between state and people : the destiny of school and education.

Since 1980, the Malian school is less and less frequented in great part because of the school policies adopted from 1962 to our days : the school «does not pay» as it did before and is no longer able to teach a knowledge useful to the society and, as a result, it collects less and less children. People prefer to diversify their choices and are now turning toward private, non religious or religious (Muslim) education. Without consideration for the legal rules, they spontaneously create their own schools apart from the official system. In doing so, they set their own logic in education against the State. School policies ignore this evolution; on the opposite, they maintain the choice of primary school profitability as a priority. Consequently, they carry the seeds of social inequality reproduction, but also take part in the appearance of new educational dynamics.
On brûle bien les sorcières. Les meurtres muti et leur répression
Authors: Evans Jeremy
Published: May 2023

Muti murders and witchcraft.

Within a South Africa in the process of transformation, the increasing medicine murders and the killing of so called witches are the signs calling for an objective analysis of the concept of withcraft, its roots, its manifestations and its political and social consequences. Although the phenomenon has been widely illustrated, it remains taboo and unstudied and therefore might be used by the very ones who appear willing to fight and eradicate it. It is a genuine network of social dynamics to be understood and whose mechanisms are to be exposed to popular perceptions as well as the legal system, both of which have got the same view of this problem and defuse the myth of difference and incompatibility of the different cultures within South Africa.
Europe-Afrique : le régionalisme sans co-prospérité
Authors: Bach Daniel
Published: May 2023

Europe and Africa : regionalism without co-prosperity.

The current trend towards concentration of international trade and financial flows around the «Triad» invites Europe to translate regionalism in terms of integration. New policies, based on proximity linkages, are being developed with Eastern Europe and the Maghreb states. In subsaharan Africa, the colonial past is so recent that it influences deeply attemps to renovate existing polity frameworks. Economic transitions also appear impossible to conceive without prior inclusion of non viable staes into larger entities. Notwithstanding the potentials attributed to South Africa and Nigeria, subsaharan Africa lacks regional powers capable of combining hegemonic functions towards sub-regional integration and external mediation for access to the world economy.
Europe-Méditerranée : fractures et rapprochement
Authors: Bensidoun Isabelle , Chevallier Agnès
Published: May 2023

Au cours des années 80, la fracture s’est accentuée entre les deux rives de la Méditerranée. Soucieuse de limiter les risques d’instabilité qui pourraient émerger, la Communauté a réaffirmé la nécessité d'une véritable coopération. Cependant, les réponses apportées dans le cadre de la politique méditerranéenne n’ont pas été à la hauteur des enjeux. Toutefois, en dépit des difficultés qu’elles peuvent rencontrer, des initiatives nouvelles voient le jour.
Rompre avec un demi-siècle d’anti-développement
Authors: Giri Jacques
Published: May 2023

Development aid : breaking the frame.

Africa did not reproduce the western pattern of development. But its dependence remains strong through public development aid that benefits states, media and elites. This situation tends to make of Africa an anti-development zone.
Somaliland, un ordre politique en gestation ?
Authors: Compagnon Daniel
Published: May 2023

Après une décennie de guerre civile opposant les clans isaaq au pouvoir central, les clans du Nord-Ouest de la Somalie ont proclamé le retour de l’ancien protectorat britannique au statut d’État souverain qu’il avait brièvement connu en juin 1960. Une identité nordiste forgée dans la guerre contribue autant que l’héritage colonial à expliquer le soutien populaire à cette entreprise politique. En dépit de son apparent triomphe, le SNM a échoué dans la gestion de la phase de transition et l’émergence d’un ordre politique durable au Somaliland dépend désormais de la capacité d’innovation politique des anciens des clans.
Les crises du mouvement armé sud-soudanais
Authors: Lusk Gill
Published: May 2023

Crisis within the armed southern sudanese movement.

The remorseless fighting between factions of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) are widely seen as evidence that the Southern Sudanese movement is fatally damaged, mainly on tribal grounds. This attempt to discern the factors at work concludes that they are primarily political : they are the Southern expression of Africa’s current wave of aspiration for democracy, group identity and human rights. The great flaw in the Southern organisation is that it is an army, not a political movement — SPLA not SPLM. Yet the driving force of the South’s search for identity and justice means that resolution of the conflict can only be political, not military, and that the SPLM/SPLA ’s internal dissensions cannot ultimately be fatal. The political nature of the wider war means that the questions facing the South remain essentially the same, whatever can be its eventual formal relationship with the North.
Intellectuels africains et enjeux de la démocratie : misère, répression et exil
Authors: Kom Ambroise
Published: May 2023

Les intellectuels africains critiques sont souvent soumis à toutes sortes de tracasseries de la part des pouvoirs en place et doivent s’exiler s’ils veulent mener une carrière universitaire digne. Évocation de quelques cas des plus notoires.
Écrire l’Afrique à partir d’une faille
Authors: Mbembe Achille J.
Published: May 2023

L’intellectuel africain libre qui entend le rester est contraint à l’errance. Itinéraire personnel et intime qui combine des réflexions générales sur le statut de l’intellectuel en Afrique.
Le vol de bœufs en pays Betsileo
Authors: Rasamoelina Henri
Published: May 2023

Oxen stealing in Betsileo land.

Oxen stealing is an old phenomenon which renewed after 1973 and spread out in the west of Madagascar, especially in Betsileo. The stealers, who are young, attack in groups by surprise. Various «Dina» or self defence collective agreements were devised by the village people to protect themselves but they were then forbidden by the authorities who feared to loose control. These preferred military operations followed by the execution of the stealers without trials. The stealings are proof of a serious social crisis underlying in rural Betsileo but also of the existence of high ranking people pulling the ropes «white collar sharks» building up a capital to be reinvested in real estates or other businesses.
Le coût social des dernières politiques linguistiques
Authors: Bavoux Claude , Bavoux Claudine
Published: May 2023

Malgré l’atout d’une langue nationale unique, le français continue d’occuper à Madagascar une place dominante dans les secteurs modernes de l’économie, l’Université et les médias. Les politiques linguistiques tentées jusqu’en 1980 ont échoué à valoriser la langue nationale, qui a souffert d’un problème plus vaste : l’effondrement du système scolaire. Le passage au malgache, au lieu de contribuer à la démocratisation, a accentué les inégalités entre riches et pauvres, villes et campagnes. Les écoles privées francophones sont surchargées de demandes venant des groupes socialement dominants. Le thème du retour général au français, luxe inaccessible, risque de n’être qu’un slogan de plus.
Toward Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Outreach and Engagement in Extension Education: Expert Consensus on Barriers and Strategies
Authors: Diaz John , Gusto Cody , Narine Lendel , Jayaratne K.S.U. , Silvert Colby
Published: May 2023

Barriers to the successful implementation of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) education and outreach initiatives are being documented across higher education institutions as DEI policies and protocols are gaining attention. Despite growing attention to promote DEI in higher education institutions, there remains a need to examine barriers preventing DEI efforts in a systematic way, particularly in Extension education contexts to formulate strategies to promote DEI. We present an expert, consensus-based framework to identify the most salient barriers to successful DEI implementation in Extension. We also discuss opportunities for Extension practitioners to overcome salient barriers with tailored mitigation strategies.
Unlawful acts at sea against maritime safety
Authors:   Institute of Law, Economics and International Relations of the International Humanitarian University of Odesa, Kuprii Alla
Published: May 2023

Maritime safety covers various aspects of legal protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, property, public order and public safety, environmental safety, peace and security of mankind, which are recognized by the state and protected from socially dangerous acts at sea, including those that constitute criminal offenses. Accordingly, criminal offenses in the field of shipping safety include, in particular, failure to provide assistance to a ship and people in distress at sea, piracy, armed robbery against ships. Without excluding the regulation of protection against criminal offenses in the field of maritime safety by each state's own system of national legislation, the regulation of certain international obligations, the failure to fulfill which may constitute a criminal offense at sea, is covered by international law. Article 3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine states that the laws of Ukraine on criminal liability must comply with the provisions contained in the international treaties in force, which have been ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine has given its consent to be bound by the following international treaties: The 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea; the 1974 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea; the 1979 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue; the 1989 Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation. At present, the rules on criminalization in the field of safety of navigation remain imperfect. The author conducts a comparative analysis of the provisions of international law and national legislation of Ukraine on criminal offenses of failure to provide assistance at sea, piracy, armed robbery against ships, identifies their differences and inconsistencies, and analyzes a specific case of an attack on Ukrainian sailors. The article outlines the peculiarities of international obligations, non-compliance with which entails criminal liability under national law, and analyzes the compliance of dispositions and sanctions of the articles of the Criminal Code of Ukraine with the level of public danger of international crimes at sea and the state of compliance with international norms, existing legislative gaps and ways to overcome them
Some issues of the calculation of financial support for appointment and calculation of pensions to law enforcement officers
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Kniazkova Liubov
Published: May 2023

The article examines the issues of calculating financial support for assignment and transfer of pensions to employees of internal affairs bodies. Common features and differences of such categories as salary and financial support are considered. The following features of monetary support are highlighted: financial support is paid to a separate category of employees - military personnel, rank-and-file and senior staff of internal affairs bodies, etc.; its composition, in addition to official salaries and additional payments, includes salaries for special titles; the amount of monetary support is largely determined by legislation, and the amount of wages is determined by the agreement of the parties and the results of the work of enterprise; financial support is paid from the state budget, and wages are paid from the funds earned by the labour team, and in some cases - at the expense of state funds. Financial security is defined as the guaranteed remuneration paid to the rank-and-file staff of the internal affairs bodies from the state budget for performance of official activities stipulated by the employment contract and legislation, for the employee's personal contribution and the impact of his/her work on the achievement of the overall results of the internal affairs bodies. Due to the analysis of theoretical provisions, current legislation and individual positions of the court practice, the problematic issues of calculating financial support for appointment and transfer of pensions to employees of internal affairs bodies have been clarified. The attention is focused on the fact that only the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, through the adoption of laws, determines the types of financial support for calculating and recalculating pensions for military personnel and persons entitled to a pension by law, and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine takes measures to ensure the right of persons for provision of pension, guided by the Constitution and the laws of Ukraine. The amendments to the regulatory acts regulating the procedure for calculating the financial support for appointment and recalculation of pensions are proposed. The attention is drawn to the fact that the legislation on calculation of monetary support and, accordingly, the amount of pensions for employees of internal affairs bodies needs to be updated. The necessity of streamlining the regulatory acts regulating the provision of pension for employees of the internal affairs bodies is substantiated. It is proposed to cancel outdated normative acts that regulate the procedure for recalculating pensions for employees of internal affairs bodies, which contain controversial provisions and have conflicts, namely, they do not correspond to the Constitution of Ukraine and the realities of today.
Historical and modern aspects of protection of public order in the activities of the police of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Authors:   Academy of Police of MIA of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Najafguliyev Rafig Islam
Published: May 2023

The article analyzes the historical and modern aspects of the protection of public order in the activities of the police of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The author notes that in most modern scientific works in the Republic of Azerbaijan, problematic issues related to ensuring public order and security have not been comprehensively studied, although they are of great scientific and practical importance. There are also no comprehensive monographic works devoted to the issues of ensuring public order and security. The socio-legal measures aimed at ensuring public order and security are considered. The difficulties faced by the republic in the first years of independence are determined. Particular attention is paid to legislation in the field of public order and security. The objective reasons are noted and the problems of applying the relevant norms of the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On Police" are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan "On Police", a conclusion was made about their special importance in regulating the activities of the police, which allows you to quickly respond to the non-recurrence of socially dangerous acts and other negative manifestations. It is concluded that the use of various methods of ensuring public order serves to achieve the set goals. You can determine which of these methods is more successful based on the following factors: the time that needs to be spent on the task; forces and means of participation; planned and actual costs. It was also noted that the restoration of life in the post-pandemic period, as well as the protection of public order through the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the liberated territories of the Republic of Azerbaijan from the occupation of the Armenian armed forces, can be promising. This method will reduce the transport and other costs of the police, and in cold and hot weather, save the police from serving on the streets in the liberated territories.
PELATIHAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR DENGAN STRATEGI INDIVIDUAL LEARNING PLAN UNTUK SISWA SMP
Authors: Cahyono Tri
Published: May 2023

Kemandirian belajar (self-directed learning) adalah salah satu faktor yang paling mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa. Kemandirian belajar (self-directed learning) merupakan kemampuan untuk mengatur dan mengelola belajarnya sendiri. Pengelolaan belajar yang didasarkan pada inisiatif sendiri memungkinkan siswa untuk belajar sesuai minat dan kemampuannya tanpa adanya paksaan dari pihak lain. Pengelolaan belajar yang baik akan berdampak signifikan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Penelitian eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk menguji strategi individual learning plans sebagai media untuk meningkatkan kemandirian belajar siswa SMP. Individual learning plans dipilih karena metode perencanaan belajar ini memiliki keunggulan-keunggulan, seperti self instructional, stand alone, self contained, adaptive dan use friendly. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi individual learning plans mampu meningkatkan kemandirian belajar siswa SMP secara signifikan. Penelitian lanjutan perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat keefektifan strategi ini terutama pada subjek dengan karakteristik yang berbeda.
IMPLEMENTASI CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KINERJA (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA KOPERASI DI KOTA TARAKAN)
Authors: Utomo Mohamad Nur , Cahyaningrum Widyastuti , Hasanah Nurjannatul
Published: May 2023

Koperasi sebagai badan usaha bertujuan meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggota.  Implementasi corporate governance dapat menjadi solusi bagi manajer/pengurus untuk meningkatkan kinerja koperasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji secara empiris pengaruh implementasi corporate governance terhadap pencapaian kinerja koperasi.    Implementasi corporate governance diukur dengan indikator prinsip-prinsip dasar corporate governance (transparansi, akuntabilitas, rensponsibilitas, independensi, kewajaran). Sedangkan kinerja diukur dengan indikator keaktifan koperasi, pertumbuhan jumlah anggota, volume usaha, permodalan, asset dan sisa hasil usaha. Koperasi-koperasi yang aktif di kota Tarakan menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian menggunakan alat analisis SEM-PLS dengan menggunakan aplikasi WarpPLS versi 6.0.  Hasil studi menunjukkan implementasi corporate governance berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja koperasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan manajemen koperasi untuk lebih meningkatkan pemahaman dan keahlian tentang implementasi corporate governance dalam mencapai keberhasilan kinerja koperasi.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PERPADUAN APLIKASI GOOGLE CLASSROOM DENGAN GOOGLE MEET UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATERI PAJAK PENGHASILAN PASAL 21
Authors: Nurdin Murniyati
Published: May 2023

Dunia dikejutkan dengan mewabahnya virus corona yang berasal dari Cina tepatnya di kota Wuhan. Pada bulan Oktober 2019 virus corona meluluh lantakkan Cina, kemudian dalam sekejap sudah merebak ke seluruh penjuru dunia. COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) oleh organisasi kesehatan dunia (WHO) dinyatakan sebagai pendemi internasional. Pembelajaran yang awalnya dilakukan secara tatap muka kini harus dilakukan secara daring.Pendekatan inkuiri merupakan metode pembelajaran yang berupaya menanamkan dasar-dasar berfikir ilmiah pada diri siswa, sehingga dalam proses pembelajaran ini siswa lebih banyak belajar sendiri, mengembangkan kreativitas dalam memecahkan masalah. menerapkan pendekatan pembelajaran inkuiri dengan materi PPh pasal 21 siswa berada dirumah mengerjakan tugas dengan mencari sendiri jawaban dimasa pandemi covid-19 ini mengerjakan dirumah menjawab persoalan dan tugas yang diberikan dengan menggunakan daring melalui aplikasi Google Classroom dengan Google Meet untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di era Pandemi ini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) dengan empat kegiatan yaitu perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan, observasi,  dan  refleksi.  Alasan  memilih  PTK karena  dapat  meningkatkan kinerja guru sehingga menjadi   profesional. Teknik   pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memberikan tes kepada siswa dan dengan observasi pada aktivitas guru dan siswa yang dilakukan oleh seorang observer. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan   peningkatan ketuntasan hasil belajar materi PPh pasal 21 dari 64 % pada siklus I mengalami peningkatan menjadi 88 % pada siklus II. Aktivitas guru berdasarkan data observasi dari 66 % pada siklus I mengalami peningkatan menjadi 73 % pada siklus II. Aktivitas siswa dari 84 % pada siklus I mengalami peningkatan menjadi 90 % pada siklus II. dari data kenaikan ketuntasan hasil belajar sebesar 88 % .Dari  hasil penelitian ini adalah Penerapan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Inkuiri dengan Menggunakan Perpaduan Aplikasi Google Classroom dengan Google Meet mengalami peningkatkan Hasil Belajar Materi Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21 kelas XI  Akuntansi dan Keuangan Lembaga 1 di SMK Negeri 1 Tarakan.
MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI KERJA GURU MELALUI KEGIATAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DENGAN TEKNIK BIMBINGAN PERSONAL DI SMP 5 BANGUNTAPAN BANTUL
Authors: Heriyanto Tri
Published: May 2023

Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya prestasi kerja guru kelas VII di SMP 5 Banguntapan semester 1 tahun pembelajaran 2021-2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) apakah melalui supervise akademik dapat  meningkatan prestasi kinerja guru di SMP 5 Banguntapan, (2) bagaimanakah penerapan supervise akademik dengan Teknik bimbingan personal dapat meningkatkan prestasi kinerja guru di SMP 5 Banguntapan?. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) yang dilakukan dengan 2 siklusPendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Data yang terkumpul dikelompokkan menjadi dua kelompok data, yaitu kualitatif yang berbentuk simbol atau kata dan kuantitatif yang berupa angka. Hasil PTSmenunjukkan bahwa: (1) guru dalam persiapan pembelajaran melalui telaah renca pelaksanaan pembelajaran pada siklus 1 mencapai 57,57 % dan siklus 2 mencapai 81,81%  Dengan kategori baik ada peningkatan 39,39% (2) pengelolaa/penerapan prestasi kerja guru setelah melalui bimbingan personal dari 43% meningkat menjadi 81%, ada peningkatan 38%.
Does basic infrastructure development have an impact on economic growth?
Authors: Runtunuwu Prince Charles Heston , Rajasekera Jay
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of (1) road infrastructure on economic growth (2) clean water infrastructure on economic growth (3) electricity infrastructure on economic growth. The data used is sourced from BPS Ternate City from 2005-2017. The research data used is quantitative data. The type of data used in this research is secondary data and time series. The testing technique used is multiple regression analysis. The test results of this study have a simultaneous effect on the three variables being tested. While partially testing the variables of road infrastructure, clean water and electricity effect on economic growth
FIRM PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING: A CASE OF LISTED NON-FINANCIAL COMPANIES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Isaac LAMBE , O. Jonah ARUMONA , Theresa OKOLI
Published: May 2023

Stakeholders all over the world are concerned about the environmental damage that corporations are engaged in and how it affects their lives. Social sustainability reporting in Nigerian as affected by firm performance attributes was investigated. To understudy the effect, ex-post facto research design, non-probability (purposive) sampling technique, and Panel regression estimation was employed with reliance on annual report (secondary data ) of listed 112 non-financial companies from 2012-2021 out of which 82 firms were selected. Also, hausman test (random effect) was conducted using of E-views. The findings of the study shows that firm size has positive significant effect on social disclosure index while firm age has positive negligible effect on social disclosure index of non-financial companies in Nigeria. According to the findings, the social sustainability reporting of listed non-financial companies in Nigeria is significantly influenced by firm performance attributes. Therefore, the study recommends that non-financial companies' management should increase the size of their firms in relation to the total assets due to the positive multiplier effect it has on the company's social sustainability reporting.
WOMEN AND ADMINISTRATIVE LEADERSHIP POSITIONS IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES IN TANZANIA
Authors: Jovin Gilbert , Tarimo Elias Adolf
Published: May 2023

Tanzania recognizes that gender equality and female empowerment are important for development of the country. Despite the government efforts in employment laws, policies and gender strategies to remove inequality, still there are under representation of female employees in senior leadership positions in many public sectors including Local Government Authorities. This paper aimed at examining factors that affect women's representation in top Administrative leadership positions in local government authorities in Mpanda District Councils. The study employed qualitative design to understand the barriers hindering female into top leadership positions. Mpanda District was used as a study case where by thirty (30) participants were selected purposively from senior positions, junior positions. Interview and focus group discussion methods for data collection were employed to collect primary data and secondary data were collected through documentary review. The study used thematic analysis in data analysis. The findings show that academic qualification, low selfconfidence, overburdens with domestic responsibilities, number of working days per year and poor institutional arrangements are among the challenges to have blocked women's penetration into top administrative leadership positions. Basing on the findings, its recommended that, there should be community mentorship at the family level to raise children with a mentality of equality, inspire young girls by inviting notable female leaders to address the students, encourage women and give them the chance for a higher degree, and provide frequent leadership training to young women in order to build their capacity. Generally, the study contributes to the addition of knowledge and literature on barriers facing women penetration in top leadership position which has been underresearched, specifically in Mpanda District