bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D structure–2D plate–1D rod interaction problem
Authors: Ljulj Matko , Tambača Josip
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we consider the equilibrium problem of interaction of three elastic bodies of different elastic properties. The main body is the unit cube. On top of it, there is a thin layer/cuboid of thickness
of material whose stiffness is of order
that in the middle contains another cuboid which is of width and thickness
that is made of material with elasticity coefficients of order
for
. We show that the family of solutions of linearized elasticity problems, when
tends to zero, converges to a solution of a problem that is posed only on the unit cube with possibly additional elastic terms on the boundary related to the plate/rod energy of the thin elastic parts. It turns out that there are five different regimes related to different values of
with different limit problems. We further formulate a model posed on the unit cube that has the same asymptotics when
tends to zero as the full 3D problem posed on the union of the unit cube and thin cuboids. This model then can be used as the approximating model in all regimes.
Proof‐of‐concept for incorporating mechanistic insights from multi‐omics analyses of polymyxin B in combination with chloramphenicol against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Hanafin Patrick O. , Abdul Rahim Nusaibah , Sharma Rajnikant , Cess Colin G. , Finley Stacey D. , Bergen Phillip J. , Velkov Tony , Li Jian , Rao Gauri G.
Published: January 2023

Carbapenemase‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) resistant to multiple antibiotic classes necessitates optimized combination therapy. Our objective is to build a workflow leveraging omics and bacterial count data to identify antibiotic mechanisms that can be used to design and optimize combination regimens. For pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis, previously published static time‐kill studies (J Antimicrob Chemother 70, 2015, 2589) were used with polymyxin B (PMB) and chloramphenicol (CHL) mono and combination therapy against three KP clinical isolates over 24 h. A mechanism‐based model (MBM) was developed using time‐kill data in S‐ADAPT describing PMB‐CHL PD activity against each isolate. Previously published results of PMB (1 mg/L continuous infusion) and CHL (Cmax: 8 mg/L; bolus q6h) mono and combination regimens were evaluated using an in vitro one‐compartment dynamic infection model against a KP clinical isolate (108 CFU/ml inoculum) over 24 h to obtain bacterial samples for multi‐omics analyses. The differentially expressed genes and metabolites in these bacterial samples served as input to develop a partial least squares regression (PLSR) in R that links PD responses with the multi‐omics responses via a multi‐omics pathway analysis. PMB efficacy was increased when combined with CHL, and the MBM described the observed PD well for all strains. The PLSR consisted of 29 omics inputs and predicted MBM PD response (R2 = 0.946). Our analysis found that CHL downregulated metabolites and genes pertinent to lipid A, hence limiting the emergence of PMB resistance. Our workflow linked insights from analysis of multi‐omics data with MBM to identify biological mechanisms explaining observed PD activity in combination therapy.
Research on vaginal dabbing: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Amzat Jimoh , Kanmodi Kehinde K. , Egbedina Eyinade A.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Vabbing, also known as vaginal dabbing, is a known behaviour gaining ground in modern society. Vabbing is the act of dabbing vaginal secretions as body perfume droplets to sexually attract others. This study aims to conduct a scoping review (ScR) of empirical studies on vaginal dabbing.

Methodology

This review, informed by the Joanna Brigg's Institute's guidelines for ScRs, was reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalysis for ScRs. Eight databases—PubMed, SCOPUS, AMED—Allied and Complementary Medicine, CINAHL Complete, CINAHL Ultimate, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection—were searched for relevant literature on vaginal dabbing. The retrieved literature were extracted, deduplicated and screened with the aid of Endnote and Rayyan software, respectively, to identify eligible studies for data collation, charting, and summarisation.

Results

This is an empty review with no included eligible article; thus, indicating a limited research and knowledge gap concerning the practice of vabbing. While the issue of odour in sexual communication has been significantly researched, the specific use of vaginal fluids as perfume or bodywear has not attracted scientific investigations. Therefore, a limited research base cannot provide evidence‐based support for the practice, and related sexual attraction choices.

Conclusion

Due to social media, vabbing is gaining more popularity. Since there is no definite evidence to support the efficacy of the practice, there is a need for scientific investigation on whether humans are sexually sensitive to vaginal fluids worn as perfume.
A review for control theory and condition monitoring on construction robots
Authors: Shi Huaitao , Li Ranran , Bai Xiaotian , Zhang Yixing , Min Linggang , Wang Dong , Lu Xinyu , Yan Yang , Lei Yaguo
Published: January 2023

The application of robotic technologies in building construction leads to great convenience and productivity improvement, and construction robots (CRs) bring enormous opportunities for the way we conduct design and construction. To get a better understanding of the trends and track the application of CRs for on‐site conditions, this paper conducts a systematic review of control models and status monitoring of CRs, which are two key aspects that determine construction accuracy and efficiency. Control accuracy and flexibility are primary needs for CRs applied in different scenes, so the control methods based on driving models are vitally important. Status monitoring on CRs contains knowledge in fault detection, intelligence maintenance, and fault‐tolerant control, and multiple objectives need to be met and optimized in the whole drive chain. Moreover, the state‐of‐the‐art is comprehensively summarized, and new insights are also provided to carry on promising researches.
Practical approaches to Bayesian sample size determination in non‐inferiority trials with binary outcomes
Authors: Turner Rebecca M. , Clements Michelle N. , Quartagno Matteo , Cornelius Victoria , Cro Suzie , Ford Deborah , Tweed Conor D. , Walker A. Sarah , White Ian R.
Published: January 2023

Bayesian analysis of a non‐inferiority trial is advantageous in allowing direct probability statements to be made about the relative treatment difference rather than relying on an arbitrary and often poorly justified non‐inferiority margin. When the primary analysis will be Bayesian, a Bayesian approach to sample size determination will often be appropriate for consistency with the analysis. We demonstrate three Bayesian approaches to choosing sample size for non‐inferiority trials with binary outcomes and review their advantages and disadvantages. First, we present a predictive power approach for determining sample size using the probability that the trial will produce a convincing result in the final analysis. Next, we determine sample size by considering the expected posterior probability of non‐inferiority in the trial. Finally, we demonstrate a precision‐based approach. We apply these methods to a non‐inferiority trial in antiretroviral therapy for treatment of HIV‐infected children. A predictive power approach would be most accessible in practical settings, because it is analogous to the standard frequentist approach. Sample sizes are larger than with frequentist calculations unless an informative analysis prior is specified, because appropriate allowance is made for uncertainty in the assumed design parameters, ignored in frequentist calculations. An expected posterior probability approach will lead to a smaller sample size and is appropriate when the focus is on estimating posterior probability rather than on testing. A precision‐based approach would be useful when sample size is restricted by limits on recruitment or costs, but it would be difficult to decide on sample size using this approach alone.
Flower‐Like NiS2/WS2 Heterojunction as Polysulfide/sulfide Bidirectional Catalytic Layer for High‐Performance Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Jinyi , Zhou Ling , Guo Daying , Wang Xueyu , Fang Guoyong , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun
Published: January 2023

The slow sulfur oxidation–reduction kinetics are one of the key factors hindering the widespread use of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, flower‐shaped NiS2‐WS2 heterojunction as the functional intercalation of LSBs is successfully prepared, and effectively improved the reaction kinetics of sulfur. Flower‐like nanospheres composed of ultra‐thin nanosheets (≤10 nm) enhance quickly transfer of mass and charge. Meanwhile, the heterostructures simultaneously serve as an electron receptor and a donor, thereby simultaneously accelerating the bidirectional catalytic activity of reduction and oxidation reactions in the LSBs. In addition, the adsorption experiment, chemical state analysis of elements before and after the reaction and theoretical calculation have effectively verified that NiS2‐WS2 heterojunction nanospheres optimize the adsorption capacity and bidirectional catalytic effect of polysulfides. The results show that the initial discharge capacity of NiS2‐WS2 functional intercalation is as high as 1518.7 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C. Even at a high current density of 5 C, it still shows a discharge specific capacity of 615.7 mAh g−1, showing excellent rate performance. More importantly, the capacity is 258.9 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles at 5 C, and the attenuation per cycle is only 0.039%, and the Coulomb efficiency remains above 95%.
Biomimetic Design of 3D Fibrous Mesh Reinforced Hydrogel Replicating the Form and Function of the Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Lu Changbo , Huang Xinyi , Yan Hao , Wang Ya , Wang Yibo , Zhuo Shuyun , Wei Congying , Qiu Haiyang , Yang Xiaojiang , Zhang Yang , Liu Mingjie , Lei Wei
Published: January 2023

While cervical total artificial disc replacement potentially preserves motion of the natural intervertebral disc (IVD), problems also arise involving alterations of the spinal biomechanics. A major challenge lies in restoring mechanics of the natural IVD with appropriate kinematics and biomimetic configuration. A biomimetic artificial IVD model is designed and fabricated using a 3D braided fibrous scaffold and a self‐healable hydrogel matrix. The artificial IVD is characterized by 3D four‐directional fibrous structure resembling natural annulus fibrosus and self‐healable hydrogel‐mimicking natural nucleus pulposus. In the compression tests, the artificial IVD exhibits reasonable mechanical behaviors and desired viscoelastic behaviors similar to the natural IVD. After fatigue loading of 5 million cycles, the artificial IVDs become stiffer, whereas the mechanical values remain within the reasonable range. Finite‐element analysis of the artificial IVD from mesoscale and macroscale analysis indicates the coherent load transfer through both the interconnections within the fiber mesh and the fiber–matrix interface, and the entire IVD shows a stress profilometry similar to natural IVD. In conclusion, a biomimetic prototype of artificial IVD with nature‐mimicking mechanics and structure is fabricated. The presence of interwoven fibrous mesh, hydrogel confinement, and proper interfacial adhesion is all essential for scalable production of the IVD.
Transanale Irrigation als Geheimtipp
Authors: Rosen Harald
Published: January 2023

Funktionelle Störungen nach Rektumresektion, die unter der Definition „low anterior resection syndrome“ (LARS) zusammengefasst werden, beeinträchtigen bei vielen operierten Patienten zum Teil massiv die Lebensqualität. Nachdem die transanale Irrigation (TAI) bei ähnlicher Problematik anderer Genese als erfolgreiche Option zum Einsatz gekommen ist, wurde sie auch bei Patienten mit bereits länger bestehendem LARS angewandt. Als Folge der deutlichen Verbesserung der Rektumfunktion durch diese Therapie wurde auch eine prophylaktische Anwendung unmittelbar nach Verschluss der protektiven Ileostomie diskutiert und im Rahmen einer kontrollierten, randomisierten Studie untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich eine signifikante Reduktion der Anzahl der Defäkationsepisoden (bei Tag und Nacht), des LARS-Scores sowie des Wexner-Inkontinenz-Scores in den ersten 3 Monaten. Obwohl der positive Effekt der TAI eine Empfehlung als Therapieoption bei LARS nahelegt, verbleiben noch offene Fragen (notwendiges Irrigationsvolumen, Intervalle zwischen den Irrigationen, Behandlungsdauer) als Basis für zukünftige Untersuchungen.
Evolution of high-temperature extremes over the main Euro-Mediterranean airports
Authors: Gallardo Victoria , Sánchez-Gómez Emilia , Riber Eleonore , Boé Julien , Terray Laurent
Published: January 2023

The increasing intensity and frequency of high-temperature events in response to climate change can potentially impact the aviation industry, since aircraft takeoff and landing performances depend on near-surface air temperature. Previous studies have combined climate data with aircraft technical data to estimate the future impact of rising high temperatures on aircraft takeoff. They found a decrease of maximum takeoff weights and the lengthening of takeoff distances. The Mediterranean region is a climate change “hot spot” area, specially concerned by extreme high-temperatures increase. In this study, the magnitude and trends of the daily maximum near-surface temperature extremes in summer were analysed over major airports in Southwestern Europe. Trends in the period 1961–2014 were analysed from observations and reanalysis. Future changes by 2021–2050 and 2071–2100, with respect to 1961–2005, were analysed from simulations performed with Regional and Global Climate Models (RCMs and GCMs). Before assessing future climate projections, climate models were evaluated in present climate, and the RCM and GCM ensembles were compared to each other. No clear added value was found for RCMs over GCMs in present climate at the airport scale in these terms. GCMs project larger temperature changes than RCMs over the same locations. Multi-model ensemble mean projected changes under the RCP8.5 scenario range between + 1.7 and + 3.2 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C by the near term, and between + 4.9 and + 8.5 $$^{\circ }$$

∘

C by the long term, across the airports and the RCM and GCM ensembles. This increase of high-temperature extremes would impact airport operations. Adaptation or mitigation policies would become necessary.
Efficient electromagnetic interference modeling of a gallium nitride half bridge
Authors: Hansen Jan , Deutschmann Bernd
Published: January 2023

This paper investigates the use of simulations of the electromagnetic emission (EMI) caused by the switching activity of a gallium nitride half bridge used in a power electronics application to predict the maximum generated conducted emission at the power supply lines. By using a simulation model of the voltage method defined in the CISPR25 standard, the important parasitic elements of the electronic components and the measurement setup are taken into account, but complicated modeling and simulation techniques are avoided. It shows that a simple circuit simulation is an effective alternative to predict emissions at an early design stage. Examples of simulation models and simulation setups as well as the measurement of the emissions are presented. The simulation data match the measurements well and provide a good estimate of electromagnetic interference already in the initial phase of new developments.
Algae and bacteria consortia for wastewater decontamination and transformation into biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, biofertilizers and animal feed: a review
Authors: Anand Uttpal , Dey Satarupa , Parial Dipannita , Federici Stefania , Ducoli Serena , Bolan Nanthi S. , Dey Abhijit , Bontempi Elza
Published: January 2023

Traditional wastewater treatment has been aimed solely at sanitation by removing contaminants, yet actual issues of climate change and depletion of natural resources are calling for methods that both remove contaminants and convert waste into chemicals and fuels. In particular, biological treatments with synergic coupling of microalgae and bacteria appear promising to remove organic, inorganic, and pathogen contaminants and to generate biofuels. Here, we review the use of algae and bacteria in the treatment and valorization of wastewater with focus on cell-to-cell adhesion, wastewater properties, and techniques for algae harvesting and production of biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, exopolysaccarides, biofertilizers, and animal feeds.
International development of a patient-centered core outcome set for assessing health-related quality of life in metastatic breast cancer patients
Authors: de Ligt K. M. , de Rooij B. H. , Hedayati E. , Karsten M. M. , Smaardijk V. R. , Velting M. , Saunders C. , Travado L. , Cardoso F. , Lopez E. , Carney N. , Wengström Y. , Ives A. , Velikova G. , Sousa Fialho M. D. L. , Seidler Y. , Stamm T. A. , Koppert L. B. , van de Poll-Franse L. V. ,   the Innovative Medicines Initiative - Health Outcomes Observatory (H2O) consortium
Published: January 2023

Purpose

For patients living with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), achieving best possible health-related quality of life, along with maximizing survival, is vital. Yet, we have no systemic way to determine if we achieve these goals. A Core Outcome Set (COS) that allows standardized measurement of outcomes important to patients, but also promotes discussing these outcomes during clinical encounters, is long overdue.

Methods

An international expert group (EG) of patient advocates, researchers, medical specialists, nurse specialists, and pharmaceutical industry representatives (n = 17) reviewed a list of relevant outcomes retrieved from the literature. A broader group (n = 141: patients/patient advocates (n = 45), health care professionals/researchers (n = 64), pharmaceutical industry representatives (n = 28), and health authority representatives (n = 4)) participated in a modified Delphi procedure, scoring the relevance of outcomes in two survey rounds. The EG finalized the COS in a consensus meeting.

Results

The final MBC COS includes 101 variables about: (1) health-related quality of life (HRQoL, n = 26) and adverse events (n = 24); (2) baseline patient characteristics (n = 9); and (3) clinical variables (n = 42). Many outcome that cover aspects of HRQoL relevant to MBC patients are included, e.g. daily functioning (including ability to work), psychosocial/emotional functioning, sexual functioning, and relationship with the medical team.

Conclusion

The COS developed in this study contains important administrative data, clinical records, and clinician-reported measures that captures the impact of cancer. The COS is important for standardization of clinical research and implementation in daily practice and has received accreditation by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM).
Pyrolysis, kinetics and thermodynamic analyses of rice husks/clay fiber-reinforced polylactic acid composites using thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Yiga Vianney Andrew , Lubwama Michael , Olupot Peter Wilberforce
Published: January 2023

In the context of processing, utilization and disposal of polylactic acid composites, pyrolysis is a promising technique that addresses this complex synergy. In this work, pyrolysis kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of rice husks/clay fiber-reinforced PLA composites were investigated using Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) at multiple heating rates (16, 25 and 34 °C min−1). PLA composites’ pyrolysis followed a single-step degradation process. The flammability indices, combustion characteristic indices and mean reactivities obtained for the PLA composites are much lower than those for neat PLA (2.00 × 10−5–2.44 × 10−5% min−1 °C−2, 0.87 × 10−8–1.79 × 10−8% min−2 °C−3 and 6.97 × 10−3–8.04 × 10−3% min−1 °C−1, respectively) which signals that rice husks and clay improved flame retardancy of accruing PLA composites. The average activation energy values obtained from the KAS method were found to be in ranges 137.83–143.99 kJ mol−1 and 124.51–133.95 kJ mol−1 for raw and modified rice husks/clay fiber-reinforced PLA composites, respectively. Corresponding activation energies for raw and modified rice husks/clay fiber-reinforced PLA composites from the OFW method were 141.24–146.92 kJ mol−1 and 128.17–137.50 kJ mol−1, respectively. By comparing activation energy and enthalpy, it was found that the composites were favored to format activated complex due to the low energy barrier.
Altered volatile emission of pear trees under elevated atmospheric CO2 levels has no relevance to pear psyllid host choice
Authors: Gallinger Jannicke , Rid-Moneta Margit , Becker Christine , Reineke Annette , Gross Jürgen
Published: January 2023

The impact of climate change drivers on cultivated plants and pest insects has come into research focus. One of the most significant drivers is atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is converted into primary plant metabolites by photosynthesis. Increased atmospheric CO2concentrations therefore affect plant chemistry. The chemical composition of non-volatile and volatile organic compounds of plants is used by insects to locate and identify suitable host plants for feeding and reproduction. We investigated whether elevated CO2concentrations in the atmosphere affect the plant-pest interaction in a fruit crop of high economic importance in Europe. Therefore, potted pear trees were cultivated under specified CO2conditions in a Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) facility at Geisenheim University in Germany for up to 14 weeks, beginning from bud swelling. We compared emitted volatiles from these pear trees cultivated for 7 and 14 weeks under two different CO2levels (ambient: ca. 400 ppm and elevated: ca. 450 ppm CO2) and their impact on pest insect behavior. In total, we detected and analyzed 76 VOCs from pear trees. While we did not detect an overall change in VOC compositions, the relative release of single compounds changed in response to CO2increase. Differences in VOC release were inconsistent over time (phenology stages) and between study years, indicating interactions with other climate parameters, such as temperature. Even though insect-plant interaction can rely on specific volatile compounds and specific mixtures of compounds, respectively, the changes of VOC patterns in our field study did not impact the host choice behavior ofC. pyrifemales. In olfactometer trials, 64% and 60% of the females preferred the odor of pear trees cultivated under elevated CO2for 7 and 14 weeks, respectively, over the odor from pear trees cultivated under ambient CO2. In binary-choice oviposition assays,C. pyrifemales laid most eggs on pears during April 2020; on average, 51.9 (± 51.3) eggs were laid on pears cultivated under eCO2and 60.3 (± 48.7) eggs on aCO2.
The Change of Motives to Become and to be a Party Member. An Empirical Analysis of the German Party Membership Studies 1998, 2009 and 2017
Authors: Lüdecke Yvonne , Klein Markus , Springer Frederik , Bernhold Philipp , Czeczinski Lisa , Schmidt Bastian
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the thesis is put forward that selective outcome incentives for party membership gain relevance over time. Two possible mechanisms are identified as the cause of this increase in importance: a supply-side mechanism based on processes of societal change that took place through generational succession and a demand-side mechanism focusing on shifts in the self-image and organizational structure of political parties. The supply-side mechanism should lead to changes in the motives of potential members, whereas the demand-side mechanism alters the incentives potential and current members are exposed to.

The empirical analyses are based on the German Party Membership Studies of 1998, 2009 and 2017. These three studies are nationwide representative surveys of the members of the following six parties: Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Christian Social Union (CSU), Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), Free Democratic Party (FDP), Alliance90/The Greens (Bündnis90/Die Grünen), and The Left (Die Linke). Within the German Party Membership Studies, both the motives for joining the party and the current membership motives are surveyed.

Empirically, it is shown that there is indeed an increase in the importance of selective outcome membership motives over the period under study. The mechanisms behind this increase in importance are investigated using multivariate Age-Period-Cohort (APC) models based on the cumulated data of the German Party Membership Studies. These analyses are based on a total of nearly 30,000 cases. The results of the APC analyses are largely consistent with the supply-side explanation of the increased importance of selective outcome motives for party entry and membership. The demand-side explanation is only partially confirmed.
Analytic Epistemology and Armchair Psychology
Authors: David Marian
Published: January 2023

Critical comments on Guido Melchior’s book, Knowing and Checking: An Epistemological Investigation (2019). In the second part of his book, Melchior aims to employ his sensitivity account of the epistemic concept of checking to explain well-known puzzle cases about knowing. My comments focus on Melchior’s explanation of knowledge-closure puzzles, as exemplified by Dretske’s zebra case. I raise three critical points about the explanation Melchior proposes for puzzles of this type.
In Search of Basement Indicators from Street View Imagery Data: An Investigation of Data Sources and Analysis Strategies
Authors: Vo Anh Vu , Bertolotto Michela , Ofterdinger Ulrich , Laefer Debra F.
Published: January 2023

Street view imagery databases such as Google Street View, Mapillary, and Karta View provide great spatial and temporal coverage for many cities globally. Those data, when coupled with appropriate computer vision algorithms, can provide an effective means to analyse aspects of the urban environment at scale. As an effort to enhance current practices in urban flood risk assessment, this project investigates a potential use of street view imagery data to identify building features that indicate buildings’ vulnerability to flooding (e.g., basements and semi-basements). In particular, this paper discusses (1) building features indicating the presence of basement structures, (2) available imagery data sources capturing those features, and (3) computer vision algorithms capable of automatically detecting the features of interest. The paper also reviews existing methods for reconstructing geometry representations of the extracted features from images and potential approaches to account for data quality issues. Preliminary experiments were conducted, which confirmed the usability of the freely available Mapillary images for detecting basement railings as an example type of basement features, as well as geolocating the features.
Channel estimation using hybrid optimizer based recurrent neural network long short term memory for MIMO communications in 5G network
Authors: Dash Lipsa , Thampy Anand Sreekantan
Published: January 2023

In the fifth-generation (5G) networks, multiple input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are further developed to enhance transmission reliability. However, channel estimation is one of the major challenges which needs focus for improved data transmission in MIMO. Although efficient estimation techniques have been recently proposed, estimation accuracy needs to be upgraded further. Hence, an optimized Recurrent Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory (RNN-LSTM) network is presented in this paper for channel estimation. At first, history of channel responses of pilot block is collected or estimated using Least Square (LS) channel estimation method. Using these collected channel responses, the proposed RNN-LSTM is trained where weight parameters are chosen optimally using hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-Adam optimizer. Using the trained PSO-Adam optimizer based RNN-LSTM, the current channel response is predicted or estimated. The performance of the proposed channel estimation scheme is analysed by varying pilot sequence length and number of antennas to evaluate the metrics Bit Error Rate (BER) and Mean Square Error (MSE). Complexity analysis of the proposed scheme is compared with standard estimators like LS and Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE).
Genomic diversity and ecological distribution of marine Pseudoalteromonas phages
Authors: Zheng Kaiyang , Dong Yue , Liang Yantao , Liu Yundan , Zhang Xinran , Zhang Wenjing , Wang Ziyue , Shao Hongbing , Sung Yeong Yik , Mok Wen Jye , Wong Li Lian , McMinn Andrew , Wang Min
Published: January 2023

Pseudoalteromonas, with a ubiquitous distribution, is one of the most abundant marine bacterial genera. It is especially abundant in the deep sea and polar seas, where it has been found to have a broad metabolic capacity and unique co-existence strategies with other organisms. However, only a few Pseudoalteromonas phages have so far been isolated and investigated and their genomic diversity and distribution patterns are still unclear. Here, the genomes, taxonomic features and distribution patterns of Pseudoalteromonas phages are systematically analyzed, based on the microbial and viral genomes and metagenome datasets. A total of 143 complete or nearly complete Pseudoalteromonas-associated phage genomes (PSAPGs) were identified, including 34 Pseudoalteromonas phage isolates, 24 proviruses, and 85 Pseudoalteromonas-associated uncultured viral genomes (UViGs); these were assigned to 47 viral clusters at the genus level. Many integrated proviruses (n = 24) and filamentous phages were detected (n = 32), suggesting the prevalence of viral lysogenic life cycle in Pseudoalteromonas. PSAPGs encoded 66 types of 249 potential auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) relating to peptidases and nucleotide metabolism. They may also participate in marine biogeochemical cycles through the manipulation of the metabolism of their hosts, especially in the phosphorus and sulfur cycles. Siphoviral and filamentous PSAPGs were the predominant viral lineages found in polar areas, while some myoviral and siphoviral PSAPGs encoding transposase were more abundant in the deep sea. This study has expanded our understanding of the taxonomy, phylogenetic and ecological scope of marine Pseudoalteromonas phages and deepens our knowledge of viral impacts on Pseudoalteromonas. It will provide a baseline for the study of interactions between phages and Pseudoalteromonas in the ocean.
A Hands-On Introduction to Machine Learning
Authors: Shah Chirag
Published: January 2023

Packed with real-world examples, industry insights and practical activities, this textbook is designed to teach machine learning in a way that is easy to understand and apply. It assumes only a basic knowledge of technology, making it an ideal resource for students and professionals, including those who are new to computer science. All the necessary topics are covered, including supervised and unsupervised learning, neural networks, reinforcement learning, cloud-based services, and the ethical issues still posing problems within the industry. While Python is used as the primary language, many exercises will also have the solutions provided in R for greater versatility. A suite of online resources is available to support teaching across a range of different courses, including example syllabi, a solutions manual, and lecture slides. Datasets and code are also available online for students, giving them everything they need to practice the examples and problems in the book.
Online Surveys in Latin America
Authors: Castorena Oscar , Lupu Noam , Schade Maita , Zechmeister Elizabeth J.
Published: January 2023

Online surveys of public opinion are less expensive and faster to administer than other surveys. However, nonprobability online samples diverge from the gold standard of probabilistic sampling. Although scholars have examined the quality of nonprobability samples in the United States and Europe, we know little about how these samples perform in developing contexts. We use nine online surveys fielded in six Latin American countries to examine the bias in these samples. We also ask whether two common tools that researchers use to mitigate sample bias—post-stratification and sample matching—improve these online samples. We find that online samples in the region exhibit high levels of bias, even in countries where Internet access is widespread. We also find that post-stratification does little to improve sample quality; sample matching outperforms the provider’s standard approach, but the gains are substantively small. This is partly because unequal Internet access and lack of investment in panel recruitment means that providers are unlikely to have enough panelists in lower socioeconomic categories to draw representative online samples, regardless of the sampling method. Researchers who want to draw conclusions about the attitudes or behaviors of the public as a whole in contexts like Latin America still need probability samples.
A cloud-cloud collision in Sgr B2? 3D simulations meet SiO observations
Authors: Banda-Barragán Wladimir E. , Armijos-Abendaño Jairo , Dénes Helga
Published: January 2023

We compare the properties of shocked gas in Sgr B2 with maps obtained from 3D simulations of a collision between two fractal clouds. In agreement with 13CO(1-0) observations, our simulations show that a cloud-cloud collision produces a region with a highly turbulent density substructure with an average . Similarly, our numerical multi-channel shock study shows that colliding clouds are efficient at producing internal shocks with velocities of 5 − 50 km s−1 and Mach numbers of ∼ 4 − 40, which are needed to explain the ∼ 10−9 SiO abundances inferred from our SiO(2-1) IRAM observations of Sgr B2. Overall, we find that both the density structure and the shocked gas morphology in Sgr B2 are consistent with a Myr-old cloud-cloud collision. High-velocity shocks are produced during the early stages of the collision and can ignite star formation, while moderate- and low-velocity shocks are important over longer time-scales and can explain the extended SiO emission in Sgr B2.
Dynamic complexity based analysis on the relationship between solar activity and cosmic ray intensity
Authors: Vipindas V. , Sumesh Gopinath , Vinod Kumar R. , Girish T.E.
Published: January 2023

The Earth’s atmosphere is incessantly bombarded by energetic charged particles called cosmic rays (CR) which are having either solar or non-solar origin. Analysis based on information theoretic estimators can be effectively employed as a potential technique to analyze the dynamical changes in cosmic ray intensity during different solar cycles. In the present study, dynamical complexity based analysis using Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD) has been employed which reveals the existence of some peculiar fluctuation properties in CRI flux at Jung neutron monitor station. JSD based dynamical complexity analyses confirm the existence of difference in dynamical properties of CR flux during solar cycles 20-21 and 22-23.
Formation process of the Orion Nebula Cluster
Authors: Fujii Michiko S. , Wang Long , Saitoh Takayuki R. , Hirai Yutaka , Shimajiri Yoshito
Published: January 2023

The Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) is one of the nearest open clusters, which we can directly compare to numerical simulations. We performed a simulation of star cluster formation similar to the ONC using our new N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, ASURA+BRIDGE. We found that the hierarchical formation of star clusters via clump mergers can explain the observed three peaks in the stellar age distribution as well as the dynamically anisotropic structures of the ONC.
Thermal atmospheric escape of close-in exoplanets
Authors: Kalinicheva Eugenia S. , Shematovich Valery I.
Published: January 2023

In this work we applied the previously developed self-consistent 1D model of hydrogen-helium atmosphere with suprathermal electrons to close-in hot neptune GJ 436 b. The obtained height profile of density shows the two-scale structure of the planetary atmosphere. The mass-loss rate is found to be about .
X-ray spectral and image spatial models of NGC 3081 with Chandra data
Authors: Kompaniiets O.V. , Babyk Iu.V. , Vasylenko A.A. , Izviekova I.O. , Vavilova I.B.
Published: January 2023

The physical properties of AGN such as accretion rate, column density, temperature of hot corona and other characteristics can be found from X-ray spectral data. We present the results of spatial and spectral analysis for Sy2 type galaxy NGC 3081 obtained with different mathematical tools of the Chandra Interactive Analysis of Observations software. We found evidence of extended emission in 0.5-3.0 keV as well as derived parameters for model A: photon index , column density , warm component and hot component . We detected the presence of a component of the reflection spectrum, Fe Kα emission line with and .
Clustering stellar pairs to detect extended stellar structures
Authors: Sapozhnikov Sergey , Kovaleva Dana
Published: January 2023

Gaia data allows for search for extended stellar structures in phase (coordinates plus velocities) space. We describe a method of using DBSCAN clustering algorithm, which is used to group closely-packed-together data points, to a list of preliminary selected pairs of stars, with parameters expected to be found within stellar streams and comoving groups: loose structures in which stars are not gravitationally bound, but do share motion and evolutionary properties. To test our approach, we construct a model population of background stars, and use pair-constructing and clustering algorithms on it. Results show that transitioning to a list of pairs sharply reveals structures not presented in background model, which then become more apparent targets in coordinate-velocity phase space for DBSCAN algorithm thanks to now increased relative density of the extended stellar structure.
A novel generative method for star clusters from hydro-dynamical simulations
Authors: Torniamenti Stefano
Published: January 2023

Most stars form in clumpy and sub-structured clusters. These properties also emerge in hydro-dynamical simulations of star-forming clouds, which provide a way to generate realistic initial conditions for N-body runs of young stellar clusters. However, producing large sets of initial conditions by hydro-dynamical simulations is prohibitively expensive in terms of computational time. We introduce a novel technique for generating new initial conditions from a given sample of hydro-dynamical simulations, at a tiny computational cost. In particular, we apply a hierarchical clustering algorithm to learn a tree representation of the spatial and kinematic relations between stars, where the leaves represent the single stars and the nodes describe the structure of the cluster at larger and larger scales. This procedure can be used as a basis for the random generation of new sets of stars, by simply modifying the global structure of the stellar cluster, while leaving the small-scale properties unaltered.
Predicting the Expansion of Supernova Shells Using Deep Learning toward Highly Resolved Galaxy Simulations
Authors: Hirashima Keiya , Moriwaki Kana , Fujii Michiko , Hirai Yutaka , Saitoh Takayuki , Makino Junichiro
Published: January 2023

The load imbalance and communication overhead of parallel computing are crucial bottlenecks for galaxy simulations. A successful way to improve the scalability of astronomical simulations is a Hamiltonian splitting method, which needs to identify such regions integrated with smaller timesteps than the global timestep for integrating the entire galaxy. In the case of galaxy simulations, the regions inside supernova (SN) shells require the smallest steps. We developed the deep learning model to forecast the region affected by the SN shell’s expansion during one global step. In addition, we identified the particles with small timesteps using image processing. We can identify target particles using our method with a higher identification rate (88 % to 98 % on average) and lower “non-target”-to-“target” fraction (6.4 to 5.5 on average) compared to the analytic approach with the Sedov-Taylor solution. Our method using Hamiltonian splitting and deep learning will improve the performance of extremely high-resolution galaxy simulations.
Multi-component MHD model for hydrogen-helium extended envelope of hot Jupiter
Authors: Gladysheva Y.G. , Zhilkin A.G. , Bisikalo D.V.
Published: January 2023

We describe a numerical model of hot Jupiter extended envelope that interacts with stellar wind. Our model is based on approximation of multi-component magnetic hydrodynamic. The processes of ionization, recombination, dissosiation and chemical reactions in hydrogen-helium envelope are taken into account. In particular, the ionization of neutral hydrogen atoms takes place due to processes of photo-ionization, charge-exchange and thermal collisions. Further, this model is supposed to be used for research on biomarkers’ dynamics in extended envelopes of hot Jupiters.
An idealized setup for cosmological evolution of baryonic gas in isolated halos
Authors: Dattathri S. , Sharma P.
Published: January 2023

We use hydrodynamical simulations to study the evolution of baryonic gas in a cosmologically evolving dark matter halo. We model both the inner and outer regions of the halo using a density profile that transitions from an inner NFW profile to a flat profile far from the halo. Metallicity-dependent radiative cooling and AGN jet feedback are implemented, which lead to heating and cooling cycles in the core. We analyze the evolution of gas and the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) across cosmological time. We find that the properties of the gas and the SMBH are correlated across halo masses and feedback efficiencies.
Simulating star formation in spiral galaxies
Authors: Rieder Steven , Dobbs Clare , Bending Thomas , Liow Kong You , Wurster James
Published: January 2023

We present Ekster, a new method for simulating the formation and dynamics of individual stars in a relatively low-resolution gas background. Here, we use Ekster to simulate star cluster formation in two different regions from each of two galaxy models with different spiral potentials. We simulate these regions for 3 Myr to study where and how star clusters form. We find that massive GMC regions form more massive clusters than sections of spiral arms. Additionally we find that clusters form both by accreting gas and by merging with other proto-clusters, the latter happening more frequently in the denser GMC regions.
The Deep‐Water Plume in the Northwestern Weddell Sea, Antarctica: Mean State, Seasonal Cycle and Interannual Variability Influenced by Climate Modes
Authors: Llanillo Pedro J. , Kanzow Torsten , Janout Markus A. , Rohardt Gerd
Published: January 2023

We provide an updated estimate of the annual‐mean, seasonal cycle and interannual variability of the transports and properties of the Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) plume in the northwestern Weddell Sea. For this we used a densely instrumented mooring array deployed across the continental slope between January 2017 and January 2019. We found that the annual‐mean WSBW transport is 3.4 ± 1.5 Sv, corresponding to a cross‐section area of 35 km2 and a maximum thickness of 203 m. The annual mean transport‐weighted properties of WSBW are −0.99°C (Θ), 34.803 g/kg (SA) and 28.44 kg/m3 (γn). The WSBW is characterized by 3 bottom‐intensified velocity cores, which display seasonal variations in flow speed and transport different varieties of WSBW. The seasonal peak of WSBW transport and density is reached in May (4.7 Sv, 28.443 kg m−3) while the minimum values are observed in February (2.8 Sv, 28.435 kg m−3). The coldest WSBW is found between March and May, and the warmest between August and October. The density decrease of WSBW observed in the austral autumn of 2018 can be explained by warmer ambient waters being entrained during the formation of WSBW. This was enabled by the weakening of the along‐shore winds associated with a positive Southern Annular Mode index, reinforced by a La Niña event in early 2018. The synchronous decrease of total WSBW transport and volume between September 2018 and February 2019 indicates a reduction in the export of the dense precursors of WSBW from the Weddell Sea continental shelf.
TRIM15 forms a regulatory loop with the AKT/FOXO1 axis and LASP1 to modulate the sensitivity of HCC cells to TKIs
Authors: Yang Chong , Jin Xin , Liu Xingchao , Wu Gang , Yang Wenhao , Pang Beichuan , Jiang Jipeng , Liao Dongxu , Zhang Yu
Published: January 2023

For patients with advanced or metastatic Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are not suitable for surgical resection, systemic therapy has been considered to be the standard treatment. In recent years, a small subset of patients with unresectable HCC have been benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and the overall survival time of these patients is significantly increased. However, all responders ultimately develop resistance to TKI treatment. The tripartite motif (TRIM) family member TRIM15 acts as an E3 ligase to mediate the polyubiquitination of substrates in cells. However, the biological role of TRIM15 in HCC is still an enigma. In our study, our results demonstrated that TRIM15 was abnormally upregulated in liver cancer cells after treated with TKIs and that this upregulation of TRIM15 contributed to TKI resistance in liver cancer cells. Then, we demonstrated that the upregulation of TRIM15 after TKI treatment was mediated by the AKT/FOXO1 axis. Moreover, we demonstrated that TRIM15 induced the nuclear translocation of LASP1 by mediating its K63-linked polyubiquitination, which modulated sensitivity to TKIs by increasing the phosphorylation of AKT and the expression of Snail in liver cancer cells. Collectively, we identified a novel AKT/FOXO1/TRIM15/LASP1 loop in cells, which provided potential candidates for overcoming TKI resistance in HCC.
Saline irrigation versus gauze wiping and suction only for peritoneal decontamination during laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer disease
Authors: Tsao Lien-Cheng , Lin Joseph , Lin Kuo-Hua , Ng Sze-Yuin , Huang Cheng-Yen , Hung Yu-Ju , Wu Szu-Chia , Gao Shih-Ling , Yu Shu-Fen , Lin Chi-Chien , Chang Wei-Jung
Published: January 2023

The aim of current single-center study was to compare the short-term outcome of suction and gauze wiping alone versus the irrigation and suction technique for peritoneal decontamination among patients who underwent laparoscopic repair of PPU. Using data from our institution’s prospectively maintained database, 105 patients who underwent laparoscopic repair were enrolled in this study. The participants were further divided into the group who received peritoneal irrigation (irrigation group, n = 67) and group who received gauze wiping and suction only (suction only group, n = 38). The irrigation group had a longer operative time (140 vs. 113 min, p = 0.0001), higher number of drainage tubes (38.8% vs. 0%, p < 0.0001) and a higher incidence of intra-abdominal abscess (10.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.0469) than the suction only group. Peritoneal irrigation may be associated with a prolonged operative time and a higher number of abdominal drains. Meanwhile, gauze wiping and suction may be sufficient for peritoneal decontamination during the laparoscopic repair of PPU as further infectious complications are not observed.