bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tindak Pidana Gratifikasi Perspektif Hukum Pidana ‎Islam dan Undang-Undang di Indonesia
Authors: Zakariyah Ahmad
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This article discusses the criminal acts of gratification on the perspective of Islamic criminal law and the law in Indonesia. In law, the perpetrator gratification will be sanctioned imprisonment and fine. For the giver of gratification would be punishable by a term of imprisonment of one year and a maximum of five years with a fine of not less than fifty millions and a maximum of two hundred and fifty millions. While for state officials who receive gratuities will be subject to imprisonment for life or a minimum of four years and maximum of 20 years with a fine of two hundred millions to one billion rupiahs. In the Islamic criminal law, both the giver and the receiver of gratification will be cursed by God dan both will be given ta’zîr. The ta’zîr sanctions can include the death penalty, flogging, imprisonment, exile, confiscation of goods/wealth, in the form of moral sanction of dismissal and announced whole communities.Keywords: Gratification, Islamic criminal law, legislation. Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang tindak pidana gratifikasi perspektif hukum pidana Islam dan undang-undang di Indonesia. Dalam undang-undang, pelaku gratifikasi akan diberi sanksi penjara dan denda. Bagi pemberi gratifikasi akan diancam dengan pidana penjara paling singkat satu tahun dan paling lama lima tahun dengan denda paling sedikit lima puluh juta rupiah dan paling banyak dua ratus lima puluh juta rupiah, sedangkan bagi pejabat negara yang menerima gratifikasi akan diancam dengan pidana penjara seumur hidup atau paling singkat empat tahun dan paling lama 20 tahun dengan denda dari dua ratus juta rupiah sampai satu miliar rupiah. Dalam hukum pidana Islam, baik pemberi maupun penerima gratifikasi akan dilaknat oleh Allah swt dan keduanya akan diberikan sanksi ta’zîr. Sanksi ta’zîr bisa berupa hukuman mati, hukuman cambuk, penjara, pengasingan, perampasan barang/kekayaan, pemecatan dan sanksi moral berupa diumumkan kemasyarakat luas.Kata Kunci: Gratifikasi, hukum pidana Islam, undang-undang.
Dialektika Hukum Islam pada Masa Awal Islam
Authors: Junaidy Abdul Basith
Published: March 2018

Abstract: The dynamic and dialectical theory of Islamic law had been since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h). However, the theory of Islamic law in a comprehensive form had just started at the time of al-Shafi’i, and then continuously further developed and refined by the next future jurists of different schools of Islamic law there. The theory of classical Islamic law seeks to integrate the authoritative text (nushûsh) and the role of human reason (ra’y). However, the function of the human mind is at a lower level (subordinate) and additional (subsidiary) rather than function doctrine revealed by God (nushûsh). All schools of Islamic law that had developed at that time had to conform to the model of integration that had to do certain concessions if it wanted to gain recognition as a legitimate school of law. For example, traditionalists must accept ra’y in the form of qiyâs. For this reason, the schools of Islamic law which would not accept qiyâs, it would have been out of the circulation, such as Zahiri and Hasywiyah schools.Keywords: Islamic Law, Early time of Islam, nushûsh, ra’y. Abstrak: Teori hukum Islam yang dinamis dan dialektis sudah ada sejak masa Rasulullah saw. Namun, teori hukum dalam bentuknya yang komprehensif baru dimulai pada masa al-Syafi’i, kemudian secara berkesinambungan terus dikembangkan dan disempurnakan oleh para fuqaha masa berikutnya dari berbagai mazhab hukum Islam yang ada. Teori Hukum Islam klasik berupaya mengintegrasikan antara teks otoritatif (nushûsh) dan peran nalar manusia (ra’y).  Namun fungsi nalar manusia  berada pada tingkatan yang lebih rendah (subordinatif) dan tambahan (subsider) dibanding fungsi ajaran yang diwahyukan Tuhan (nushûsh). Semua aliran hukum yang berkembang pada saat itu harus menyesuaikan diri dengan model integrasi yang ada dengan melakukan konsesi-konsesi tertentu jika ingin mendapatkan pengakuan sebagai aliran hukum yang sah. Misalnya, aliran tradisionalis harus menerima ra’y dalam bentuk qiyâs. Atas dasar itu, aliran-aliran hukum yang tidak mau menerima qiyâs, dengan sendirinya hilang dari peredaran, seperti mazhab Zahiri dan mazhab Hasywiyah.Kata Kunci: Hukum Islam, Masa Awal Islam, nushûsh, ra’y.
Hak Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Alam Perspektif ‎Hukum Islam
Authors: Mugiyati Mugiyati
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Islam gives freedom to people to utilize the public natural resources, because everyone has the irtifâq right namely to use immovable good, whether it belongs to an individual or public property. Common ownership is allowed in Islamic law if an object which is intended and used for the public. The principle of freedom granted by Islam for the right holders to use is not without limit, but constrained by accountability and adherence to sharia. The right holders in using theirs’ is to be in line with the principle of maqâshid al-syarî’ah. On the basis of this principle, they are prohibited to use their rights in excess which lead to infringement and damages to the interests of the others as well as the rights and interests of the general public. Of course, this can be jailed (ta’zîr) by the judge.Keywords: Right holder, natural resources, Islamic law. Abstrak: Islam memberikan kebebasan kepada manusia untuk memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang bersifat publik, karena setiap orang memiliki hak irtifâq yaitu hak pemanfaatan benda tidak bergerak, baik benda itu milik individu atau milik umum”. Kepemilikan umum dimungkinkan dalam hukum Islam jika suatu benda pemanfaatannya diperuntukan bagi masyarakat umum yang mana masing-masing saling membutuhkan. Prinsip kebebasan yang diberikan Islam bagi pemilik hak untuk mempergunakan haknya bukanlah bebas tanpa batas, namun dibatasi oleh pertanggungjawaban dan kepatuhan pada syariah. Pemegang hak dalam menggunakan haknya harus sejalan dengan maqâshid al-syarî’ah. Atas dasar prinsip ini pemilik hak dilarang mempergunakan haknya secara berlebihan yang menimbulkan pelanggaran hak dan kerugian terhadap kepentingan orang lain maupun terhadap hak dan kepentingan masyarakat umum dan dapat dikenai hukuman penjara (ta’zîr) oleh hakim.Kata Kunci: Hak pemanfaatan, sumber daya alam, hukum Islam.
Kekuatan Yuridis Persumpsion Dalam Proses Pembuktian Perkara
Authors: Aunurrofiq M
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This article discusses judicial strength of judge’s presumption in the examination process according to Islamic law of criminal procedure and Indonesian code of criminal procedure. Since there are numerous motive of crime nowadays, judges must always follow procedure and have sufficient legal knowledge in the examination process to ensure just verdicts. In the process, judicial presumption play crucial role but it must be based on evidence according to Indonesian code of criminal procedure. Similarly, in Islamic criminal procedure, presumption is important to be basis of verdict as long as supported by other evidence. The difference is that presumption in Indonesian code of criminal procedure can only be considered as indirect evidence, whereas is Islamic criminal procedure, it can perform as direct evidence. Thus, the use of presumption in examination of criminal cases depends on the judges’ wisdom.

Keywords: Presumption, Islamic law of criminal procedure, Indonesian code of criminal procedure.

Abstrak Artikel ini membahas tentang kekuatan yuridis persumpsion hakim dalam proses pembuktian perkara menurut Hukum Acara Pidana Islam dan KUHAP. Kekuatan yuridis persumpsion, menurut KUHAP, baru bisa mempunyai kekuatan hukum untuk menjatuhkan putusan jika dikaitkan dengan alat bukti yang lain. Kekuatan yuridis persumpsion menurut Hukum Acara Pidana Islam, sudah mempunyai kekuatan hukum untuk menjatuhkan putusan meskipun tanpa didukung oleh alat bukti lain. Persumpsion dalam KUHAP dan Hukum Acara Pidana Islam keduanya mempunyai kesamaan, yakni sama-sama dapat digunakan sebagai alat bukti dan mempunyai kekuatan hukum dalam proses pembuktian, sedangkan yang membedakan adalah KUHAP berlaku pada pembuktian tidak langsung sedangkan dalam Hukum Acara Pidana Islam berlaku pada pembuktian langsung. Sedangkan kelebihan serta kekurangannya tergantung kepada hakim, apakah ia mampu menggunakan persumpsion dengan arif dan bijaksana atau tidak dalam menangani, mengadili dan menjatuhkan putusan.

Kata Kunci: Persumpsion, pembuktian perkara, Hukum acara pidana Islam, KUHAP.
Sanksi Kebiri Kimia Bagi Pemerkosa Anak perspektif Mashlahah Mursalah
Authors: Azizah Mashlahatul
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This article analyses castration as punishment for underage rage from the perspective mashlahah mursalah. Chemical castration is introduced as one of punishment in rape with the victimof underage children based on article 81 of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2016. The Law was issued due to frequent occurrence of this kind of rape. The punishment was made severe to deter from its occurrence. Castration is in fact useful in preventing the vice. It has fulfilled requirements of mashlahah mursalah. Castration in the Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2016 is subsidiary punishment. Cemichal castration in this punishment does not have permanent effect and applied only for certain offender and in application it is applied after undergoing main punishment coupled with rehabilitation under supervision of related government agencies, namely ministry of Law and human rights,ministry of social welfare and ministry ofhelath. By doing so, human rights remains protected and society will deemit useful

Keywords: chemical castration, rape, mashlahah mursalah.

Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang analisis mashlahah mursalah terhadap kebiri kimia bagi pemerkosa anak. Adanya kebiri kimia dalam pidana pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur berdasarkan Pasal 81 Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2016. Hal tersebut disebabkan maraknya tindak kekerasan seksual terhadap anak, dan ancaman hukuman yang dimuat dalam Pasal 81 UU No. 35 Tahun 2014 belum menimbulkan efek jera kepada pelaku kekerasan seksual. Hukuman kebiri ini mengandung sebuah manfaat sebagaimana syarat-syarat mashlahah mursalah. Hukuman kebiri dalam Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2016 bersifat sebagai hukuman tambahan, tidak bersifat permanen, hanya diperuntukkan bagi pelaku yang masuk dalamkategori Pasal 76 D UU No. 35 Tahun 2014, dikecualikan bagi pelaku anak dan dalam pelaksanaanya dilakukan setelah pelaku menjalani pidana pokok dengan dibarengi adanya rehabiltasi di bawah pengawasan kementrian hukum, kementrian sosial dan kementrian kesehatan sehingga tidak menghapuskan hak asasi manusia dan adanya penambahan hukuman ini dapat menimbulkan suatu kemanfaatan di dalam kehidupan masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Kebiri kimia, pemerkosaan, mashlahah mursalah.
Outdoor Cultivation of Spirulina platensis for Mass Production
Authors: EL-SAYED Abo El-Khair , EL-SHEEKH Mostafa
Published: March 2018

In the present study, the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis (NRC) was used for mass production under outdoor cultivation in three open ponds with a final capacity of 75 m3 net cultivation volume. Subculturing was performed within sequences and gradual volumes till 1,200 L open plate photobioreactor. The first and second ponds (30 cm depth) were used for the actual continuous production, while the third pond (80 cm depth) was used as a continuous inoculum supplier. In spite of low turbulence of the third pond due to high depth, all ponds had the same mechanical specification concerning paddle wheel structure and turbulence rate (16 rpm). A final nutrient concentration was employed based on Zarrouk medium by commercial grade compounds with some modifications. The nutrition was performed for the third pond by extra supplementation of extra doses of macro and micro-nutrients during the production period and dilution took place when culture was transferred to production ponds (first and second). Each production pond was harvested every 48 hours and the remainder water was return again into the third pond. The harvested pond yielded about 40 kg per day of fresh algal weight containing about 85% moisture on a dry weight basis. The results proved that using urea as nitrogen and carbon source with corn steam liquor instead of sodium nitrate and low bicarbonate, reduces production cost and supports growth medium by an adequate amount of carbon dioxide on the expense of the luxury use of sodium bicarbonate (16.8 g.l-1). Chemical analysis of the produced biomass showed 58-62% crude protein, 6-8% of ether extract and 8-11% of total carbohydrates. S. platensis contained total essential amino acids (131.3 mg/g), with a predominance of arginine followed by glutamic acid, leucine and phenylalanine.
A Simple Key for Identifying the Sibling Species of the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae (Giles) Complex by Polytene Chromosome Cytogenetics
Authors: OBEMBE Music Temitope , AWOPETU Idowu , AWODIRAN Michael
Published: March 2018

It has been established that Anopheles gambiae complex sibling species are the major Plasmodium malaria vectors in Africa; however, not all the sibling species transmit the infection. Easier molecular methods, PCR-based assays, have been developed to distinguish the several members of the A. gambiae complex. However, malaria vector research in less developed countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, is being hampered by the lack of PCR facilities in laboratories and the cost of carrying out the assay within lack of funding. Hence, the present study was designed to develop a simple identification key, based on an affordable method of polytene chromosome cytotaxonomy, for identifying the major P. falciparum vectors. The Identification Key was successfully used to identify two members of the A. gambiae complex, A. gambiae sensu stricto and A. arabiensis, which are the most potent malaria vectors in Africa; even so, it could not be used to establish the infective and the refractory strains.
Agronomic Evaluation of New Varieties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) under Different Rates and Modes of NPK (12-12-17-2) Fertilizer Application in Two Seasons
Authors: MUOJIAMA Stella O. , AGBO Christian U. , EZE Simon C. , UBA Charles U.
Published: March 2018

A study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka to evaluate the growth and yield of four improved cassava varieties, determine their optimum NPK fertilizer rate and the best modes of fertilizer application for increased productivity. The experiment was factorial laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four varieties of cassava, four fertilizer rates and three modes of fertilizer application were used for the study. The early planting had higher survival count, number of leaves, tuber and garri yield when compared with late planting. The variety TMS 98 05 05 gave significantly (p< 0.05) higher number of leaves, tuber and garri yields of 39.8 and 9.68 t/ha, respectively, at 12 months. At 6 months of crop growth, 200 kg/ha fertilizer application rate gave significantly higher tuber and garri yield of 24.69 t/ha and 5.15 t/ha, respectively. Furthermore, 400 kg/ha of NPK fertilizer rate gave higher tuber and garri yields of 39.4 and 10.12 t/ha, respectively at 12 months of crop growth. Split application of fertilizer gave significantly higher tuber and garri yield from single application, though it is statistically similar to split-split application. Therefore, early planting, 400 kg/ha fertilizer rate and split application should be adopted for cassava production. The variety TMS 98 05 05 with higher growth and yield should also be adopted by farmers for cassava production in Nsukka derived savannah agro-ecology.
Stocks Discrimination in Lady Fish, Elops machnata (Forskal, 1775) from Southeast and Southwest Coast of India Based on Morphometric and Meristic Analysis
Authors: THANGARAJ Muthusamy , KUMARAN Ramachandran , CHANDRASEKAR Shanmugam
Published: March 2018

Morphometric and meristic analysis of ladyfish, Elops machnata, were used to discriminate stocks along the Southeast and Southwest coast estuaries of India. Morphometric and meristic analyses showed a similar pattern of differentiation between E. machnata stocks and revealed a clear discreteness of two groups, an East coast (Marakanam, Parangipettai and Muthupettai) population and a West coast (Cochin) population. Higher total length (TL) (28.00 ± 7.043 cm), fork length (FL) (89.27 ± 2.201% TL) and standard length (SL) (81.77 ± 2.582% TL) were recorded in Cochin population and they were significantly different from the other three populations. Meristic counts were relatively homogenous in all the studied populations. No significant variation was found in counts of dorsal fin ray (DFR), anal fin ray (AFR), pectoral fin ray (PFR) and pelvic fin ray (PLFR). The first and second components (PCA analysis) accounted for about 92.2% of variation in all the morphometric characters. Among them, pre pectoral length (PPL) and pre dorsal length (PDL) showed high loading values in PC1 in all four populations. The overall random assignment of individuals to their original group was higher in morphometric than in meristic analysis. Such a presumption could be authenticated henceforth with molecular markers. Hence, further studies, using molecular markers are still required to precisely evaluate the genetic structure of E. machnata along the Indian coast.
Utilizing Genetic Resources and Precision Agriculture to Enhance Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Watermelon
Authors: KANTOR Mihail , LEVI Amnon
Published: March 2018

Originally from Africa, watermelon is a staple crop in South Carolina and rich source of important phytochemicals that promote human health. As a result of many years of domestication and selection for desired fruit quality, modern watermelon cultivars are susceptible to biotic and abiotic stress. The present review discusses how genetic selection and breeding combined with geospatial technologies (precision agriculture) may help enhance watermelon varieties for resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Gene loci identified and selected in undomesticated watermelon accessions are responsible for resistance to diseases, pests and abiotic stress. Vegetable breeding programs use traditional breeding methodologies and genomic tools to introduce gene loci conferring biotic or abiotic resistance into the genome background of elite watermelon cultivars. This continuous approach of collecting, evaluating and identifying useful genetic material is valuable for enhancing genetic diversity and tolerance and combined with precision agriculture could increase food security in the Southeast.
Odonata Recorded in the Buffer Zone of Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary with Remarks on the Distribution of Endangered Risiocnemis antoniae in Davao Oriental Philippines
Authors: MEDINA Milton Norman Dejadena , CABRAS Analyn A. , VILLANUEVA Reagan Joseph T. , COLONG Ruel
Published: March 2018

Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary is both a UNESCO and ASEAN recognised heritage site. There is a current move to expand the site by expanding the buffer zone. This area unfortunately is poorly studied in terms of its biodiversity. This paper explores the odonata species found in the proposed buffer zone. Transect line along fluvial ecosystem was established in the two bordering municipalities. A total of 32 species from 22 genera and nine families were recorded in which eighteen species (18) belong to the suborder Zygoptera while 14 species are Anisoptera. High level of endemism was recorded for Zygoptera (94.44%) endemism while low endemism for Anisoptera (21.43%). Distribution of Risiocnemis antoniea (Gassmann and Hämäläinen, 2002), an IUCN endangered damselfly was recorded in the creeks of Barangay Tandang Sora, Governor Generoso at relatively lower elevation between 100-300 meters above sea level. Due to its habitat’s close proximity to human habitation and the encroaching anthropogenic disturbances, it should be declared as Local Conservation Area.
The Anatomy of the Revenger: Violence and Dissection on the Early Modern English Stage
Authors: Kiss Attila
Published: March 2018

The persistent employment of excessive violence on the early modern English stage was studied by Renaissance scholarship for centuries in diverse but rather formal or historicist ways, and this critical focus received no new impetus until the corporal turn in critical theory after the 1980s. Before the poststructuralist, or, more precisely, the postsemiotic and corposemiotic investigations, critics tended to categorize bodily transgression as part of the general process of deterioration that lead to the decadence and all-enveloping perversity of the Stuart and Caroline stage, or they merely catalogued the metamorphoses of iconographic and emblematic elements of the memento mori, the ars moriendi, the contemptus mundi, the danse macabre or the exemplum horrendum traditions through the imagery of violence, mutilation and corporeal disintegration. The reception history of Shakespeare’s first tragedy exemplifies the general hostility towards extreme violence, an attitude which was established by the technologies of canon formation in the eighteenth and nineteenth century.
Thomas Middleton’s Legal Duel: A Cognitive Approach
Authors: Flattun John-Wilhelm
Published: March 2018

This article explores the Duel Scene (Scene 9, 99-277 (II.iii)) in Thomas Middleton's play The Phoenix (1607) in light of cognitive metephor theory. In reading this scene alongside the cultural and social changes in Elizabethan and Jacobean legal discourse, the mutual exchange of influence to both legal and political language and to drama and the theatre. The specific use of metaphoric blended spaces opens up for a combined linguistic and historical analysis.
Marlowe and Bruno
Authors: Ranson David Nicholas
Published: March 2018

In the Introduction to her 1965 edition of Doctor Faustus, Roma Gill reminds us that the comic pope and anti-pope scene in the B-text are based upon certain elements in history as recorded in Foxe's Actes and Monuments. I should like to hypothesize about the relationship of the source to the scene.
Lautenistinnen in Deutschland im 18. Jahrhundert
Authors: Farstad Per Kjetil
Published: March 2018

"Lautenistinnen in Deutschland im 18. Jahrhundert" contains a descriptive presentation of some of the most outstanding female lutenists in the 18th Century German Countries: Luise Adelgunde Victoria von Gottsched, Anna Maria Wilhelmina von Althan Lobkovitz, Christiane Mariane von Ziegler, Anna Ilsabe Lehmann Brockes, and Friederike Sophie Wilhelmine of Bayreuth. The article is a small contribution to the ongoing international female research within the area of musicology. Key words: ·      Women lutenists ·      18th century German Countries ·      Women's position in the musical life
Re-language-ing Shakespeare for a Ugandan readership: Potentials
and pitfalls of translating King Lear in a Ugandan language
Authors: Busimba James Taabu
Published: March 2018

No abstract
How to paint the plays?
Authors: McPartland Perry
Published: March 2018

An abstract has already been provided via email to Svenn-Arve
Myklebost. As this section does not seem to allow copy and paste, the abstract will
be uploaded in the supplementary files section.
Proposta de indicadores financeiros sobre a judicialização da saúde no município de Chapecó (SC)
Authors: Scheren Gilvane , Wernke Rodney , Zanin Antonio
Published: March 2018

Esta pesquisa objetivou propor indicadores financeiros que permitam a análise e a comparabilidade dos gastos com medicamentos oriundos da judicialização da saúde no âmbito do município de Chapecó. Foi utilizada metodologia classificável como quantitativa de descrição, onde o levantamento dos dados abrangeu 3.843 dispensas de medicamentos por determinação judicial no período entre 2008 e 2015. Os valores monetários despendidos com esse fornecimento de remédios no período e obtidos os montantes de fatores relacionados com três perspectivas: receitas municipais, despesas municipais e despesas com a “Função Saúde”. Esses valores foram corrigidos pelo IPCA e utilizados para calcular quinze indicadores sugeridos para avaliar a evolução da judicialização da saúde. Os índices apurados permitiram concluir que entre 2008 e 2011 ocorreram aumentos gradativos a cada período, enquanto que no ano de 2012 houve um crescimento elevado (mais que dobrando em praticamente todos os índices em relação ao ano precedente). No último triênio ocorreram majorações significativas, visto que três dos indicadores do grupo vinculado às receitas chegaram a crescer mais que 2.000% em 2015 se comparados com 2008. No caso dos parâmetros da “Função Saúde”, os três principais indicadores tiveram variações da ordem de 1.800% sobre o ano inicial da série, enquanto que no âmbito das métricas de despesas a evolução sobre o ano inicial também foi expressiva (de 1.474,8% a 2.165,5% conforme o indicador). A análise desses índices evidenciou, então, uma realidade preocupante do ponto de vista das finanças do município pela tendência de agravamento da situação vista nos últimos anos da série abrangida.
İLKÖĞRETİM 7. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KAVRAM YANILGILARI HAKKINDA ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Özkan Mustafa , Bal Ayten Pınar
Published: March 2018

Bu makalede yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin çokgenler ve özel dörtgenlerde, muhtemel yapabilecekleri kavram yanılgıları, öğretmenlerce değerlendirilmiş ve çözüm önerileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada 2013-2014 eğitim-öğretim yıllarında görev alan öğretmenler seçilmiştir. Çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde amaçlı örneklem yöntemlerinden, maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesine gidilmiştir. Öğretmen görüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla nitel verilerden yararlanılarak, içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; öğrencilerin genellikle prototip şekillere bağlı kaldığı, bunun sebebi olarak da ders esnasında anlatımın aynı tip örneklere yer verildiği belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca özel dörtgenlerin sadece adları ile sınırlandırıldığı, özellik itibarı ile başka bir şekil olamayacağı öğretmenlerce ifade edilmiştir. Kavram yanılgılarının ortadan kaldırılabilmesi için ise; öğretmenler, ders esnasında hiyerarşik anlatım metodunun uygulanması önermişlerdir.
İLKOKUL 4. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN DÖRT İŞLEM PROBLEMLERİNİ ÇÖZERKEN YAPTIKLARI MATEMATİKSEL HATALAR
Authors: EKİCİ Betül , DEMİR Mehmet Kaan
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin dört işlem problemlerini çözerken yaptıkları matematiksel hataları matematiksel dil becerileriyle birlikte incelemektir. Dört işlem, matematik alanının neredeyse temelini oluşturan adımdır. İlkokul 4. Sınıf müfredatı, dört işlemin tüm seneye yayılmış halde problem çalışmaları kazanımlarıyla öğretilmesini vurgular. Dört işlem problemleri matematik alanında bu kadar önemli bir yere sahipken,  konunun öğrenciler tarafından en doğru şekilde öğrenilmesi açısından öğrencilerin işlemleri çözerken ne tür hatalar yaptığının belirlenmesi ve bu hataların giderilmesi gerekmektedir. Ülkemizde bu konu üzerinde çalışılmış bir araştırmaya rastlanmamış olmakla birlikte bu çalışmanın alan yazına, öğrencilerin konuyla ilgili hatalarını saptama ve giderme üzerine yapılacak çalışmalarda katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında Çanakkale ili Bayramiç ilçesindeki üç ilkokulda öğrenim göre dördüncü sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu ise bu öğrenciler arasından çalışma kriterlerine uygun, çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü ve veli izni olan 7 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır.Araştırmada veri toplama tekniği olarak, White (2005) dört işlem sorularının Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın uyarlama çalışması tamamlandıktan sonra, bu on adet dört işlem sorusu tüm dördüncü sınıflara uygulanmıştır. Ardından bu öğrenciler arasından asıl çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü öğrencilerden 7’si ile Newman Hata Analizi prosedürlerine göre uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir.Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre 4. sınıf öğrencileri okumada, okuduğunu anlamada ve okuduklarını kendi cümleleriyle ifade etmekte sıkıntı yaşamaktadırlar. Çok kötü yazmaktadırlar öyle ki kendi yazılarını okumakta bile güçlük çekmektedirler. Soruyu tam olarak anlayamadıklarından çözüm için uygun bir yol oluşturamamakta hatta bazen problemin içinde gördükleri sayılarla kendilerine işlem yaratmaktadırlar. Dört işleme hakim olmamaları işlem hatası yapmalarına sebep olabilmektedir. Özellikle çarpma işlemi yapmaktan kaçınmaktadırlar.
Investigation of Power Flow Effect of Serial and Parallel FACTS Devices
Authors: BAKIR Huseyin , ÖZTÜRK Ali , TOSUN Salih
Published: March 2018

It is difficult to increase the capacity of

the transmission system by establishing new lines or switching to a new voltage

level to meet the rapidly rising electricity demand. Thus, there is an

increased need for power flow controllers that can increase the capacity of the

existing transmission line and control power flows in predetermined

transmission corridors. For this reason, in recent years a new class of controllers

has emerged called Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS). It is very

important to investigate the advantages of FACTS devices and to model these

devices so that power systems can be operated in steady state. In this study, a

comprehensive modeling of the most popular FACTS devices for power flow

operation was performed. Power flow studies were first performed using the

Newton Raphson method for an IEEE 5-bus power system without any FACTS devices.

Then, different FACTS controllers were added to the system to perform power

flow studies. As a result of the power flow studies performed, it was observed

that the FACTS controllers increased the capacity of the existing transmission

line and contributed to the voltage stability.
A New Speed Control Technique for a Separately Excited Direct Current Motor by PID Controller
Authors: AKAR Onur , TERZİ Umir K. , OZGONENEL Okan
Published: March 2018

In this study, by deriving electro-mechanic mathematical

model of separately excited direct current motor (SEDCM) via equivalent circuit,

a new control block diagram has been formed. By using this block diagram, state

space model of SEDCM has been created and block diagram of motor has been

formed in Matlab Simulink environment. Steady state and transient values of

armature current, emf, produced torque, speed and position angle have been

obtained using this new model. By adding PID controller to block diagram, SEDCM

has been remodeled. Finally, results of steady state and transient analysis of

SEDCM have examined through speed control of the proposed model.

It is reported that the suggested modeling

technique is able to analyze the speed control of the SEDCM. 
Analyzing High Efficiency Asynchronous Motors Using Scalar Control Technique
Authors: UZUN Hasan , AKAR Onur , DEMIRCI Alpaslan , AKUNER M. CANER , TERZİ UMIT K:
Published: March 2018

In industry, more than half of the total

electrical energy produced in developed countries is converted into mechanical

energy by electric motors. The usage rate of asynchronous motors is estimated

to be 90% of all electric motors. For these motors, an improvement in

efficiency may result in huge savings. These electric motors which have

minimized losses can be improved with speed control drives to be more efficient

in terms of energy consumption and performance. In speed control drives of asynchronous

motors widely used in industry; scalar, vector control and direct torque

control are used.

In this study, in a Matlab/Simulink environment,

high efficiency and standard asynchronous motors with the same characteristics

were driven with scalar control technique and the simulations were compared in

detail. From the point of view of both speed control performance and energy

saving, it observed that high efficiency motors have more advantages. 
Transmission of Audio Signal from Reed-Solomon AWGN Channel Using Wavelet Transform Families
Authors: KARAGOL Serap , YILDIZ Doğan
Published: March 2018

Mobile communication

has become an important part of our daily lives for voice communication, data

sharing and access over the Internet. Mobile communication is an open network,

so maintaining the privacy and reliability of data has always been anxiety. The

reliability of the data against channel noise can be achieved by various error

correction codes. The primary purpose of the channel coding process is to

reduce the effect of disturbing influences to the minimum level. In this way,

the receiver will be able to receive the data sent by the transmitter with the

minimum error. In this research paper, it is required to acquire two audio

signals with 8 bits of resolution and 8 kHz sampling frequency for 5 seconds in

MATLAB. In the first part of this study, Reed-Solomon (RS) Coding Method was

used to transmit two audio data recorded in .wav format with minimum error.

Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation was used as the modulation

method.  The Bit Error Rate (BER)

performance curve was plotted and the difference between the original and the

received signal was observed. According to the BER performance curve, as the

signal to noise ratio increases, less false data is received at the receiver.

In the second part of the study, four wavelet transform families at different

levels were applied to the audio signal, and the performances of these classes

were compared.
SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF LITTORAL ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY OF THE OLEKSANDRIVKA RESERVOIR
Authors: Trokhymets V. , Lukashov D.
Published: March 2018

The analysis results of spatio-temporal dynamics of zooplankton communities from littoral of the Oleksandrivka reservoir are presented. The features of the seasonal changes in species composition, faunal and ecological spectrums, quantitative indicators (density and biomass) and the dominant species complexes of littoral zooplankton was revealed. The analysis of seasonal dynamics of qualitative and quantitative development of zooplankton in the littoral zone within the upper, middle and lower parts of the Oleksandrivka reservoir was conducted.
RENDIMENTO DE GRÃOS DE MILHO IRRIGADO POR GOTEJAMENTO SUBTERRÂNEO E ESTIMATIVA DA IRRIGAÇÃO COM DADOS DA PREVISÃO DO TEMPO
Authors: De Oliveira Z. B.
Published: March 2018

O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o rendimento de grãos do milho irrigado por gotejamento subterrâneo instalado em duas profundidades e dois espaçamentos entrelinhas e, comparar as irrigações realizadas com dados meteorológicos medidos com irrigações estimadas utilizando dados da previsão do tempo. O trabalho foi realizado no ano agrícola 2013/14 em Júlio de Castilhos –RS, em três etapas: uma de campo para a análise de dados culturais, uma para a estimativa da ETo com dados da previsão do tempo (ETo prev) e uma para a estimativa da necessidade de irrigação a partir da ETo prev e da ETo calculada com dados meteorológicos medidos (ETo). As estimativas da ETo, da ETo prev e da necessidade de irrigação seguiram as recomendações do boletim FAO – 56. O maior rendimento de grãos (1.1895,34 kg ha-1) foi observado utilizando tubogotejadores instalados 40 cm de profundidade. O erro quadrático médio (RMSE) da ETo prev em comparação a ETo foi de 1,05 mm dia-1, indicando uma boa concordância entre valores estimados e valores observados. O número de irrigações recomendadas com a ETo e a ETo prev foi o mesmo (8 irrigações), demostrando que a utilização de dados da previsão meteorológica para o manejo da irrigação, pode ser uma alternativa para locais em que dados meteorológicos medidos são indisponíveis.
ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA DIÁRIA EM FORMIGA, MG, BRASIL
Authors: Da Paz L. R. , Thebaldi M. S.
Published: March 2018

Quantificar a evapotranspiração é de grande importância no gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos, modelagem hidrológica e meteorológica e também no manejo hídrico sustentável de culturas irrigadas. Por isso, este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar a evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) diária, para o município de Formiga – MG, utilizando o método padrão de Penman-Monteith FAO e outros três métodos empíricos. A estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) diária foi realizada a partir de dados disponibilizados pelo INMET, coletados por estação meteorológica automática, entre os anos de 2007 e 2014. Além disso, foram ajustadas as constantes empíricas dos métodos de Hargreaves, Makkink e Camargo, de forma que estas se adequassem às condições locais. Para a análise do desempenho dos métodos, foram considerados os índices de confiança (c), de concordância (d), coeficientes de correlação (r) e determinação (R2); erro absoluto médio (EAM) e raiz quadrada do erro quadrado médio (RQEM). Verificou-se que o método de Makkink, após ajuste, foi o que obteve melhores estimativas para as condições de Formiga, MG.
BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM DAIRY CATTLE MANURE SUBJECTED TO CHEMICAL PRE-TREATMENT
Authors: Andrade W.R. , Santos T.M.B. , Arruda L.D.O. , Rosa E.M. , Cappi N.
Published: March 2018

Alkali and acid chemical pre-treatment for lignocellulosic biomass can affect the amount of energy harvested from it during the anaerobic digestion process. This study aimed to assess the biogas production of dairy cattle manure subjected to acid and alkaline pre-treatment. This assay was performed in two phases, which consisted of 10 days of pre-treatment and 120 days of anaerobic digestion. The substrates for pre-treatment and anaerobic digestion phase were calculated to attain 5% of total solids (TS). Pre-treatment phase was conducted during 10 days and the following experimental treatments were used: Control (Water); 2.5% of hydrochloric acid (HCl-2.5%), 2.5% of dolomite limestone (DI-2.5%), 5.0% of hydrochloric acid (HCl-5.0%) and 5.0% of dolomite limestone (DI-5.0%). After this phase, pH of all substrates had their values corrected to the start of the anaerobic digestion phase. Higher volatile solids reduction was attained by treatment Dl-5.0% whose biogas production and biogas yield per kg of waste was significantly higher compared to control treatment. Cattle manure pre-treated with 5.0% of dolomite limestone for 10 days incremented the biogas yield per kg of waste.
BRICS-T ÜLKELERİNDE TOPLAM FAKTÖR VERİMLİLİĞİ VE TEKNOLOJİ TRANSFERİ
Authors: Kargın Akkoç Gamze , Akkoç Uğur , Fikirli Yücel Özlem
Published: March 2018

Teknolojik
gelişme büyük ölçüde uluslararası teknoloji transferi ile gerçekleşmektedir ve toplam
faktör verimliliği ile ölçülmektedir. Toplam faktör verimliliği teknoloji
transferi vasıtasıyla artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı teknoloji transferinin
toplam faktör verimliliğine doğrudan ve dolaylı etkilerini incelemektir. Bu
kapsamda gelişmekte olan ülkelerin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan BRICS-T
ülkelerinde 2001-2015 yılları toplam faktör verimliliğine, ithalat kanalıyla
yurt dışı araştırma geliştirme faaliyetleri ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımların
etkileri incelenmiştir. Panel veri analizi ile uzun ve kısa dönemde yapılan
tahminler teknoloji transferinde ithalat kanalının çalıştığını göstermektedir.
İthalat yapılan ülkelerdeki araştırma geliştirme harcamaları, ev sahibi ülkede
toplam faktör verimliliğini arttırmaktadır. Doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar,
araştırma geliştirme faaliyetlerinin etkisinden daha düşük olsa da toplam faktör
verimliliğini arttırmaktadır.
Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescence
Authors: Samal Sunita , Vishalakshi Ashwini
Published: March 2018

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), which is defined as excessively heavy, prolonged and/or frequent bleeding of uterine origin, is a frequent cause of visits to the Emergency Department and/or health care provider. While there are many etiologies of AUB, the one most likely among otherwise healthy adolescents is dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), which is characterizing any AUB when all possible underlying pathologic causes have been previously excluded. The most common cause of DUB in adolescence is anovulation, which is very frequent in the first 2-3 post-menarchal years and is associated with immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Management of AUB is based on the underlying etiology and the severity of the bleeding and primary goals are prevention of complications, such as anemia and reestablishment of regular cyclical bleeding, while the management of DUB can in part be directed by the amount of flow, the degree of associated anemia, as well as patient and family comfort with different treatment modalities. Treatment options for DUB are: combined oral contraceptives (COCs), progestogens, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), tranexamic acid (anti-fibrinolytic), GnRH analogues, Danazol and Levonorgestrel releasing intra uterine system (LNG IUS).
Review of mastectomy in the department of gynecology at the Treichville teaching hospital, Abidjan-Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: N’guessan Yao Ignace , Lamine Dia Jean-Marc , Moctar Toure , Corneille Saki Téa , Gilbert Tela Simo , Adunfé Oyelade Mouhideen , Gérard Okon , Privat Guie Yéret , Simplice Anongba Danho
Published: March 2018

Background: Mastectomy plays a key role in the management of breast cancer in our regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Because the advanced forms represent the essential stages of the diagnosis and some therapeutic means remain unavailable. Objective of this study was to report the experience of the practice of mastectomy in the treatment of breast cancer in our service.Methods: This is a retrospective and prospective, descriptive study conducted from January 1, 2013 to May 31, 2017 (age 05) at the University Hospital of Treichville involving 56 breast cancer patients who had undergone a mastectomy.Results: The frequency of the mastectomy was 28.5% and the average age of our patients was 48 years old. The majority of patients had an average socio-economic level (66%). 85.6% of our cancers discovered at advanced stages (T3 and T4). Adenocarcinoma accounted for 96% and infiltrating ductal carcinoma 82% of adenocarcinoma.Patey mastectomy associated with axillary dissection was performed in 96.4% and simple mastectomy in 3.5%. The results of axillary dissection reported lymph node invasion in 38 patients; With an average number of lymph nodes taken from 6.1 and an average number of ganglia affected is 3. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 96.4% and adjuvant chemotherapy in 91%. Radiotherapy was performed in 34%. Complications were dominated by lymphoceles in 34% of cases. The 5-year survival of patients operating in the service is 37.8%.Conclusions: Mastectomy is at the forefront of breast cancer surgery in our service. She is supervised by chemotherapy. Radiotherapy remains inaccessible for most patients. Early detection would lead to conservative treatment and a reduction in the postoperative complication rate.
Comparison of morbidity associated with non-descent vaginal hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy
Authors: Ghadei Ranjita , Mishra Gupteswar
Published: March 2018

Background: In the present scenario of importance non-invasive surgery, there is increase in interest and requirement of vaginal hysterectomy for non-prolapsed uterus, i.e. non-descent vaginal hysterectomy (NDVH) due to its scarless surgery. it has much more advantages than that of abdominal hysterectomy in term of cosmesis, lesser duration of surgery, lesser intraoperative complication, lesser post-operative morbidity and early resumption to work. The aim of the present study is to asses and compare various factors like duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative complication postoperative morbidities, pain perception on 3rd post-operative day, post-operative ambulation, duration of hospital stay, time taken to resume normal work, follow up complains and afterall to decide the appropriate route of hysterectomy for benign conditions.Methods: Hundreds of patients were selected as per the criteria. They were divided into two groups NDVH (non-descent vaginal hysterectomy) and TAH (total abdominal hysterectomy) according to the inclusion criteria. Above mentioned factors are compared between the two groups.Results: Duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative complications, post-operative morbidities and complications, duration of hospital stay, time required to resume normal work are less in NDVH group.Conclusions: Non-descent vaginal hysterectomy is a better alternative to abdominal hysterectomy for benign conditions.
A clinical comparative study of ropivacaine versus ropivacaine with fentanyl by continuous epidural infusion for post-operative analgesia and ambulation in patients undergoing major gynecological surgery
Authors: Pathak Nidhi , Tiwari Tanmay , Singh Sweta , Manik Yogesh Kumar , Dhama Vipin Kumar , Dahiya Subhash
Published: March 2018

Background: To compare the effect of continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine versus ropivacaine-fentanyl for post-operative analgesia and ambulation in patients undergoing major gynaecological surgeries.Methods: A total of 60 patients of age 20 to 50 yrs of body mass index (BMI) within normal range (18.5to24.9 kg/m2) posted for major gynecological surgeries were divided into two equal groups (Group R and RF) in a prospective, randomized, double-blind fashion. In Group RF (n=30) 0.1% Ropivacaine with 2µg/ml Fentanyl and in Group R (n =30) 0.1% ropivacaine were used. General anaesthesia was given to all patients. Continuous epidural infusion using elastomeric pump was started at ‘0’ post-operative hours at 6ml/hour. Post -operative pain (Visual Analogue Scale Score), ambulation (James Modified Bromage Scale) and side effects were noted at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48hrs.Results: The differences in VAS Score of subjects of both the groups were statistically significant(p<0.05) at 18 hrs, 24hrs, 36hrs and 48 hrs and the differences in Modified Bromage Scale of subjects of the groups were statistically similar at most of the time intervals. Also, the side effects were statistically similar between the groups.Conclusions: Author concluded that ropivacaine-fentanyl is better than ropivacaine alone by continuous epidural infusion for post-operative analgesia in major gynecological surgeries with no statistically significant side effects, effect on ambulation being similar in both the groups.
Prevalence of hypothyroidism amongst pregnant women: a study done in rural set up
Authors: Pillai Nancy S. , Bennet Jemela
Published: March 2018

Background: Thyroid disorders are the commonest endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age group. The most frequent thyroid disorder in pregnancy is maternal hypothyroidism. During early pregnancy the foetus is totally dependent on maternal thyroid hormone supply. Thyroid hormone is critical for foetal brain and intellectual development and some preventable conditions like abruption, pre-eclampsia etc. which produce morbidity and pose special risk for pregnancy and the developing foetus.Methods: All subjects enrolled in the study as per the inclusion criteria will be subjected to a detailed history and clinical examination using a predesigned proforma. A serum TSH value will be sent in 1st trimester between 6-10 weeks period of gestation for all pregnant women.Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy was 10.8% with hypothyroidism being 9.2%, out of which 8.5% were cases of subclinical hypothyroidism and 0.7% were cases of overt hypothyroidism. On assessing the risk factors for developing thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy, increases in incidence were seen with maternal age and increasing BMI, both of which were statistically significant.Conclusions: This study showed an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy recommending a need for universal screening for all pregnant women in the first trimester itself. This study aims at validating the efficacy of the above-mentioned screening.