bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOTIVES AND IMAGES OF PROTEST IN STORIES ABOUT FORCED MIGRATION FROM FLOOD ZONES
Authors:   Rylsky Institute for Art Studies, Folklore and Ethnology, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Koval-Fuchylo Iryna
Published: July 2022

The article analyses the image of grandfather and grandmother on the roof of a house in a flooded evicted village. They did not want to leave their home village and thus demonstrated protest against resettlement and flooding. The hypothesis that this image was formed some time after the event of resettlement under the influence of the following main factors: intra-narrative factors and worldviews; external influence of the propaganda in that time; modern ideas about past events, their rethinking. Texts of oral and written memoirs about resettlement give grounds to claim that the idea that it was much more difficult for old people to relocate and settle in a new place is verbalized in almost all narrators. This situation could contribute to the formation of the image of grandparents who resist resettlement. It is said that it was difficult for the old people to accept the resettlement, the destruction of the house, that they quickly died in the new place. At the lexical level, the formation of the analysed image was influenced by the common nomination of the characters grandfather and grandmother in Ukrainian folklore, especially in fairy-tale texts. This idiomatic compound is a template in the texts of memoirs. The emergence of the protest image of grandparents was influenced by the semantic level of resettlement oral history, namely the typical, most common ways of presenting grandparents in the memories of the narrators. The grandfather in the oral history of resettlement is always a positive character. He is strongly connected with the land, is a caring owner, a skilled craftsman, a knowledgeable, benefactor for children. The image of the grandmother in the memories of the settlers, although often paired with the grandfather, but has its own original features. A grandmother is closely connected with the house, she takes care of someone, gives shelter, feeds, does housework. To intensify resettlement, the state had to resort to massive propaganda, involving officials, activists and even artists. We had to convince people that a new life would start in a new place, that it was necessary for the whole country, that they were obliged to relocate. Resettlement has even become a topic of fiction. Today, the expediency of flooding a large area of Dnipro and Dnister lands is being reconsidered, and processes are underway to draw attention to this event. These processes naturally provoked the question: could this have been avoided, could it have been resisted in any way? There is a need to convince ourselves that people still protested in that time. So the image of grandparents on the roof of the house began to be interpreted as a manifestation of protest against the loss of their land, homes, villages. Half a century later, this desperate resistance of the "little" person became a poetic image of resistance to the destructive system.
DMITRY CHYZHEVSKY ON THE FEATURES OF THE REALISM DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINIAN LITERATURE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Gaevska Nadya , Pylypei Olena ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: July 2022

We are talking about the reception of D. Chizhevsky specifics of the development of realism in Ukrainian literature. The work of the scientist "Realism in Ukrainian Literature" (1956) is analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the development of the Ukrainian language, the development of Ukrainian realistic theater and Ukrainian culture in general. Speaking about the development of Ukrainian realistic theater, the researcher notes the significant role of I. Karpenko-Kary, M. Kropyvnytsky, M. Starytsky. At the same time, the development of theatrical business in Western Ukraine of that period is analyzed. The historical context of the appearance of Lesya Ukrainka's dramatic works is traced, as well as certain figures of representatives of realism in Ukrainian literature are outlined. D. Chizhevsky analyzes the work of realist writers, in particular L. Glibov, P. Grabovsky, I. Karpenko-Kary, M. Kropyvnytsky, I. Manzhura, O. Pchilka, S. Rudansky, V. Samylenko, I. Franko, J. Shchogoliv and others. Speaking about the role of Ivan Franko in the formation and development of Ukrainian realistic writing, D. Chizhevsky points out that Kamenyar is not only a practitioner of realism, but also a theorist, as he provided a theoretical justification for realism in his works. The peculiarities of the origin of realism, the sources of its appearance are emphasized, the specifics of the influence of other European literatures on Ukrainian literature are revealed. D. Chizhevsky indicated the principle of selection of material to reflect reality. As the main feature of the romantic style is metaphor, realistic style - metonymy. It is noted that realism was more active mainly in prose forms. Among those who have departed from realism, the researcher names V. Vynnychenko, P. Karmansky, M. Kotsyubynsky, V. Pachovsky, M. Filyansky, M. Chernyavsky, and others
INDO-EUROPEAN POETICS AND ARCHEOLOGY
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Nazarov Nazarii
Published: July 2022

The article attempts to correlate the features of the funeral rite of a number of archaeological cultures that are now associated with ancient IndoEuropeans (Mariupol, Yamna, Catacomb, Middle Stog, Usatovo), and poetic clichés and mythological microtexts reconstructed for Common IndoEuropean period (Indo-European poetics). As a result of such a comparison, the semantics of certain elements of the funeral rite can be interpreted more fully, and the people of archaeological cultures are more reliably identified as locutors of Indo-European dialects. First, the list of poetic formulas from ancient Indo-European traditions, already known in the scientific literature, was compiled. Then this list was systematically classified into thematic groups: formulas related to the solar cult, the cult of glory, the cult of the horse etc. Paradigmatic connections (positive / negative semantics) were found within each of the groups of formulas. Finally, a correlation was made between individual formulas and the main mythological motifs of Indo-Europeans (like twin myth, snake-slaying, first human being). Thus, semantic combinations of motives, which are quite easy to compare, were derived. These motives and their sequences were analyzed in terms of their embodiment in the artifacts, i.e., in the ritual sign system of the funeral rite. It was found that the combination of human bodies, animals and objects of funeral rite of a number of archaeological cultures has a direct correlate in the identified Indo-European poetic formulas: paired burials may reflect the motif of twins, the presence of stone axes may correlate with the motif of snake fighting, non-obvious combinations of dog / horse / bull remnants in burials reflect the closeness of images of these animals in the poetic traditions of Indo-Europeans, connected to the cult of twins (two dogs / horses / bulls in Latvian and Ossetian folklore).
INVARIANT STRUCTURES IN LIMINAL RITES ACCORDING TO ARNOLD VAN GENNEP
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Naumovska Olesia
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of Arnold van Gennep's study of the invariant structure of funeral rituals in his famous work "The Rites of Passage" (1909). In the scientific concept of the scientist, the rites of passage (initiation rites) accompany the most important periods and events of human life and are associated with changes in the position (including social) and status of an individual. Analyzing the funeral cycle, A. van Gennep emphasizes that preliminar rites ("rites of separation from the previous world") are the least pronounced, liminar rites ("rites performed in the intermediate period") are long and complex, and the most important and most developed are postliminar rites ("rites of inclusion in the new world") which are carried out to incorporate the dead to the world of the dead. Rich empirical material allowed him to characterize the general ideas in different cultures about the afterlife as a space similar to the world of the living, with an equivalent structure of organization of society. At the same time, A. van Gennep points to the mythologies of a complex journey to the world of the dead and concludes that the elements of the complex of rites of passage depend on ideas about the distance and location of the otherworld.The most dangerous among the dead A. van Gennep characterizes those whose death was not accompanied by funeral rites, as well as children who were not baptized, did not receive a name and did not pass initiation, and therefore can not be incorporated into the world of the living or the dead – they exist at the expense of the living and often seek revenge. On this basis, A. van Gennep calls funeral rites "practical rites of long duration" that help the living to get rid of eternal enemies. These ideas, according to the author of this article, influenced the formation of the paradigm of demonological characters of mythological legends and folk tales. A. van Gennep emphasizes the reverse voluntary or forced movement of the soul from the world of the living to the world of the dead and vice versa. The rites of joining the mortal space, according to A. van Gennep, are consistent with the incorporative rites of the profane world. A. van Gennep considers the folklore motifs of the descent to the land of the dead with a number of taboos to reflect on this, the violation of which, on the contrary, serves as a means of incorporation into the community of the dead, which allows a safe and unimpeded stay of the newcomer in the afterlife. These numerous transitions of an individual from life to death and vice versa, or from profane to sacred with a return back to the profane worlds, the scientist calls "complete turnover", which is the main essence of the rites of passage.
Study on awareness of human papillomavirus vaccine
Authors: P. Arunkumar , K. Kohila
Published: July 2022

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in India. Despite the various interventions, prevention is always better than cure. vaccination is the most effective way of preventing it. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice related to HPV vaccination among adolescents and reproductive age women.Methods: The data collected were used for the study. It was a community based cross sectional study involving 201 women as study participants who attended the obstetrics and gynecology department of Saveetha Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2022-March 2022 using a pretested, semi structured questionnaire tool.Results: Among the study population, 64.7% had knowledge about cervical cancer and 62.2% knew about vaccines and their effects. More than 60% of the study population were willing to get vaccinated.Conclusions: As a primordial prevention, we should create awareness among young population to get vaccinated against HPV, and sexually active women to take pap smear. This will prevent the incidence of cervical cancer in India.
Perinatal outcome in preeclampsia at tertiary care center
Authors: Pawar Anita G. , Yadav Bhaurao B. , Chavan Yogeshwari , Balvir Shweta
Published: July 2022

Background: In India, preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are still one of the leading causes of adverse perinatal outcome.Methods: The observation descriptive study of preeclampsia with predetermined sample size of 195 was conducted at department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Government Medical College of Latur, over a time period of six month from March 2021 to August 2021. Findings are compared in frequency percentage values with the perinatal outcome of normotensive group from other study.Results: The prevalence of preeclampsia in our study was 4.1%. LBW found in preeclampsia group 32.3% versus 15% in normotensive group. Prematurity accounts for preeclampsia group 18.4% vs. 9% in normotensive group. Perinatal mortality rate is found to be 8.7 % vs. 2% in preeclampsia group vs. normotensive group respectively. Low APGAR score and NICU admission rate account for 14.8% vs. 13% and 16.4% vs. 11% respectively in preeclmpsia and normotensive group. Both FGR and oligohydroamnious accounts for 15.8% in preeclmpsia group. Important predictors of unfavourable perinatal outcome with p value significant (p<0.05), found in our study are severe and early onset of preeclampsia, severity of proteinuria and low birth weight.Conclusions: Adverse perinatal outcome in form of low birth weight, prematurity, fetal growth restriction and mortality is still high in preeclamsia patients than normotensive. So early diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia is very crucial along with screening in high-risk patients to prevent unfavourable perinatal outcome.
Comparison of the various diagnostic criteria used in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Singh Neha , Hooja Nupur , Yadav Angela , Bairwa Pooja , Jaiswal Aditi
Published: July 2022

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) represents one of the major causes of infertility in women. Various criteria are set to diagnose PCOS, some over diagnose and some underdiagnose it. The objective of the study was to compare the various criteria used for the diagnosis of PCOS: NIH 1990 criteria, Rotterdam 2003 criteria and AE-PCOS Society 2006 criteria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over a period of one year. Patients with suspicion of PCOS were selected. After complete history and examination, blood samples were collected and androgen levels were measured. They were labeled as PCOS based on their fulfillment of the criteria as per Rotterdam, NIH and AE-PCOS Society.Data was analysed and conclusions drawn.Results: Of the participants, 25.7%, 28.5%, and 62.8% were diagnosed with PCOS using NIH, AE-PCOS Society, and Rotterdam criteria, respectively. Phenotypes that included hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia as part of their criteria showed increase in values of DHEAS and S. testoterone as compared to the normoandrogenic phenotype included in only the Rotterdam criteria.Conclusions: It is crucial to establish the diagnostic criteria for PCOS and initiate early treatment as this may play a role in the prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
Lustrum study of labour induction
Authors: Sawant Prabha P. , Chaudhari Shilpa N. , Hol Kishorkumar , Shastri Shraddha
Published: July 2022

Background: The rate of labor induction is steadily increasing. Approximately one out of four pregnant women has their labor induced. Over the years, various professional societies have recommended the use of induction of labor in circumstances in which the risk of waiting for the onset of spontaneous labor are judged by clinicians to be greater than the risks associated with shortening duration of pregnancy by induction. This study was carried out to categories indications and to know trends of indication over 5 years.Methods: This retrospective analytical study was conducted over a period of five years from 01 June 2016 to 31 May 2021 at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, tertiary care hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India. The rate, indications and trend in indications of labor induction was calculated over the study period. The data so collected was presented with graphical representation.Results: There was a total of 10407 deliveries during the study period out of which, 865 were induced. So, the rate of labor induction in the study was found to be 8.31%. Post-datism accounts for 54.4% followed by pregnancy induced hypertension remains the major obstetric cause accounting for 16.6% of labour induction. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) accounted for 3.6% causes of labour induction.Conclusions: Vaginal birth has lesser morbidity and mortality involving both the mother and the child compared to caesarean and will always be regarded as the superior mode of delivery. Apart from post-datism, the commoner obstetric indications for induction of labour are PIH and IUGR. Increasing trend in the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and IUGR is observed and therefore probably correlating to foetal distress after induction of labour causing increased trend of need for caesarean section over the five years.
A rare case of multiple thromboembolic events following valve replacement in pregnant women with rheumatic heart disease
Authors: P. Mega Priya , Janakiraman Prabha
Published: July 2022

Pregnancy is a hypercoagulable state. Women with mechanical valve replacement done falls under WHO 3 risk. Effective anticoagulation therapy is mandatory. Oral anticoagulants offer the best maternal protection against thrombosis, but associated with risk of fetal malformations and pregnancy loss. Oral anticoagulants offer the best maternal protection against thrombosis, but associated with risk of fetal malformations and pregnancy loss. A 26 years old primigravida, known case of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) since 11 years, post mechanical mitral valve replacement for severe mitral stenosis, referred with left upper limb ischemia, at 9 weeks gestation and managed accordingly.
Didelphys uterus: an interesting case report of pregnancy in a rare Mullerian anomaly
Authors: Pathan Zeba H. , Chavan Niranjan N. , Kampoowale Shreya , Barkase Akanksha , Kapote Deepali S. , Sakhalkar Ashwini S.
Published: July 2022

Mullerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are congenital defects of the female genital system that arise from abnormal embryological development of the Mullerian ducts. A didelphys uterus, also known as a double uterus, is one of the least common amongst the MDAs. This report discussed a case of pregnancy with uterus didelphys. This patient was a 27-year-old primigravida with 34.2-week gestation with spontaneous conception who presented with decreased fetal movements. On examination patient had a non-communicating, thick vaginal septum extending from the introitus to the cervix was seen and two cervices one on each side of the septum were located. The patient underwent emergency lower segment caesarean section in view of foetal distress and doppler changes. Intra-operatively, evidence of didelphys uteri was seen. Intraoperative and post-operative period was uneventful. A fetus of 1790 gram was delivered, with APGAR 9/10. There were no renal anomalies on subsequent ultrasonography.
Evaluation of health-related quality of life in a physically active senior population
Authors: Fontes Ana Paula , Joaquim Natércia , Pereira Tânia
Published: July 2022

Background: Physical activity (PA) is a strong determinant of health and one of the most important predictors of healthy aging and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of the study was to understand the HRQoL of a senior population practicing PA and its association with some socio-demographic characteristics, the levels of PA, and functional independence.Methods: This is a correlational study with a sample of 376 individuals of both sexes. The data collection instruments were a socio-demographic and health questionnaire, the international PA questionnaire (IPAQ)-short version, the Katz index, the Lawton and Brody index, and the WHOQOL-OLD and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires.Results: The sample revealed a good perception of HRQoL, especially in the “psychological” and “social relations” domains. Sex showed a greater association with quality of life (QoL) than age. Multiple linear regression revealed that the variables with the most significant influence on the individuals’ QoL were related to health (“Presence of chronic disease” and “habitual use of medication”). The QoL related to "social relationships" is the domain with more predictors, with a markedly socio-demographic focus.Conclusions: Practicing PA proved to be a HRQoL predictor, where “sensory function” and HRQoL related to “social relations” are included. Despite PA practice and socio-demographic characteristics being able to predict some HRQoL domains, health-related variables showed a more robust presence in this prediction.
Motivations for COVID-19 vaccination: fear, solidarity, obedience, leisure orientation or thoughtlessness?
Authors: Wüstner Kerstin
Published: July 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic exemplifies why it is important to understand people’s health behavior, and with respect to vaccination why they decided for or against it.Methods: This paper presents results of a small online-study carried out in Germany (n=281). It analyzes motivations for vaccination, including intrinsic, extrinsic, structural motivators that can be health related or not. Further, thoughtless decisions are included as well.Results: The most important aim of vaccination was to get back to normal. Social motivators were second most important. Further motivators were intrinsic, especially fear of the virus, or structural, e.g., reflecting leisure orientation. Some were motivated to get vaccinated because other people said they should. However, a remarkable number of respondents stated they got vaccinated without big thoughts.Conclusions: This small study exemplarily illustrates that various motives can influence an important health decision, such as for (or against) COVID-19 vaccination. A subgroup represents the ideal of a modern empowered citizen only to a limited extent. Health policy needs to strengthen critical health literacy of citizens even in crises.
Association of serum ferritin and glycated haemoglobin in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with components of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Saluja Manoj , Suman Chetan Prakash , Chittora Saurabh , Meena Dileep
Published: July 2022

Background: Ferritin is a universal intracellular protein that stores iron and releases it in a controlled fashion, and reflects iron stores of the body. Recent studies indicate that increased body iron stores are associated with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) hence affecting the level of glycated haemoglobin. The aim and objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between serum ferritin and glycated haemoglobin in type 2 diabetes patients and to find out correlation between serum ferritin level and components of metabolic syndrome.Methods: This study included 100 cases of type 2 DM compared with age and sex-matched 100 non-diabetic controls. Serum ferritin, fasting blood sugar, lipid parameters and waist circumference were estimated, and glycated haemoglobin was calculated by HPLC method.Results: The mean serum ferritin in cases was 178.59±84.17 µg/l and in controls was 107.17±13.83 µg/l (p=0.0001). The mean age was 53.32±10.14 years in cases and 51.8±10.54 years in controls. Mean HbA1C level in cases was higher (8.40±1.22) as compared to controls (5.4±0.34) and it was statistically significant (p<0.0001). There was a positive linear correlation between HbA1C level and serum ferritin irrespective to gender in case group (r=0.342) and it was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Serum ferritin was significantly higher in hypertensive type 2 DM patients than hypertensive non-diabetic patients (p<0.0239).Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that increased level of serum ferritin is positively related to glycaemic control.
Efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone injection in the management of benign refractory esophageal strictures
Authors: Narayanan Lavanya , Mohamed Kani Shaikh , A. R. Akilandeswari , A. Anand , N. Arun
Published: July 2022

Background: Endoscopic therapy is the mainstay in the treatment of esophageal strictures. Refractory strictures are difficult to treat with patients requiring frequent endoscopic therapy. Intralesional steroid injection combined with SG dilation has been reported to reduce the frequency of endoscopic dilation in such cases.Methods: Ten patients with benign esophageal strictures (corrosive 4, peptic 2, anastomotic 2, radiation-induced 2) were selected for this study. All of them had refractory esophageal stricture. They were being managed with intermittent endoscopic dilation by using Savary Gilliard dilators. All patients were treated by intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg in a 4-quadrant fashion after SG dilation and were followed up for a period of 1 years. At each session, SG dilation was done followed by 4 injections (4 quadrants) at the proximal margin of the stricture. The interval between dilations and frequency of dilations were calculated before and after triamcinolone injections. A periodic dilation index (PDI) (number of dilations per month) before and after the triamcinolone injections was calculated.Results: The PDI decreased significantly from 1.7 before injection to 0.6 after injection. This effect was seen irrespective of the etiology of the stricture involved.Conclusions: Intralesional triamcinolone therapy is a useful and effective therapy for symptom relief in benign refractory esophageal strictures.
Recurrent bilateral superficial vein thrombosis in hereditary hemochromatosis- a case report
Authors: Abousherif Wael , Vameghestahbanati Motahareh , Hallak Ahmed
Published: July 2022

We report a rare case of recurrent bilateral superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) in a 45-year-old former smoking male with hereditary hemochromatosis on anticoagulation therapy with unremarkable hypercoagulable workup. This case report adds to the growing evidence that hemochromatosis is one of the rare causes of recurrent SVT, and thrombosis can still occur despite full-dose anticoagulation. Future studies assessing optimal management of the recurrent SVT in hemochromatosis patients are warranted.
Comparison of topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid on blood loss in modified radical mastectomy
Authors: Nawaz Sumaira , Shafique Muhammad Salman , Khadija Ghulam , Fatima Sayyam , Nayab Sadaf , Khan Jahangir Sarwar
Published: July 2022

Background: Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is one of the surgical procedures for breast cancer management. Many complications are associated with wound healing, like hematoma, dehiscence, infection, chronic seroma and skin necrosis. The objective of this study was to compare the mean blood loss in drain output of topical versus intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) use among patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at department of surgery, Holy Family hospital, Rawalpindi from November 2019 to November 2020. 130 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A patients received tranexamic acid topically while group B patients received intravenous tranexamic acid during modified radical mastectomy. Drain output and blood loss was recorded after twenty-four hours of the surgery.Results: Mean age was 51.15±10.33 in group A, while it was 50.58±10.59 in group B. Mean duration of breast cancer among the patients was 11.45±8.70 months. Mean blood loss, 24 hours after MRM was 40.68±20.79 ml in the topical group, while it was 50.83±26.38 ml in the intravenous group (p=0.016).Conclusions: Topical tranexamic acid showed significantly better control on blood loss as compared to intravenous TXA.
Role of critical volume index in management of traumatic posterior fossa extradural hematoma
Authors: G. Vinay , J. Sri Saravanan , S. Nirmal Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background: Posterior fossa extradural hematomas (EDH) constitutes 10% of all extradural hematomas. Before the emergence of CT scan; posterior fossa extradural hematomas were very difficult to diagnose based on clinical picture alone. Improvement in diagnostic methods, management protocols and treatment modalities have resulted in substantial reduction in mortality and morbidity and improvement in outcome.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai Medical College; Madurai attending trauma care centre; from January 2020 to December 2021 among 30 study subjects. 6 (20%) study subjects were excluded from the study. Study subjects diagnosed with traumatic posterior fossa EDH between 18-60 years were included in the study. After evaluation, the subjects were divided into three groups namely, Group I-conservative management 16 in 66.67% cases. Group II-initial surgical management 8 in 33.33% cases. Group III-initially planned for conservative then treated with surgery 5 in 20.83% cases.Results: Group I-GCS at admission was 13-15; 11 (68.75%) cases, 9-12; 4 (25%) cases and 3-8; 1 (6.25%) cases. Occipital bone fracture was noted in 14 in 87.5% cases. 9 in 56.25% cases had associated injuries. Total mortality was 1 in 6.25% case with GCS 3-8. Group II GCS at admission was 13-15; 1 in 12.5% case, 9-12; 5 in 62.5% cases, 3-8; 2 in 25% cases. All study subjects occipital bone fractures. Associated injuries seen in 4 in 50% cases. Mortality was seen in 3 in 37.5% study subjects. Group III- GCS after detoriation was 3-8 in 3 in 60% cases, 9-12 in 2 in 40% cases and 13-15 group had no study subjects. All study subjects had associated occipital bone fractures. Total mortality was seen in 3 in 60% cases. Equal distribution of shallow posterior fossa seen in all cases. Critical volume index is 0.032.Conclusions: Study subjects in the conservative group who have Initial GCS of 8 to 12; initial clot volume more than 8 ml; CVI more than 0.032 should undergo surgery as an initial management option in order to obtain better prognosis and outcome.
A study of analgesic effect of methylene blue injection in post conventional haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Baldiwala Aafrin S. , Trivedi Mitesh R.
Published: July 2022

Background: Haemorrhoids are common perianal disease. Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy operation is a classical haemorrhoid resection procedure that has been widely used as gold standard.  Classical haemorrhoidectomy is associated with considerable postoperative pain. This leads to patient discomfort; prolonged hospital stays and increased cost. The causes of post haemorrhoidectomy pain are multifactorial. Methylene blue has been widely used as biological dye. It is an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase. It has also been found to reduce cyclooxygenase products. The mechanism of action of methylene blue is likely to be related to the destruction of dermal nerve endings.Methods: A prospective study of 114 indoor patients was conducted to compare the effects of 1% intradermal methylene blue injection at local site and injection paracetamol (I.V.) as per requirement after Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy admitted to Surat municipal institute of medical education and research (SMIMER) hospital at Department of General Surgery. Samples were divided into two groups each of 57 patients, in case group patients were given intradermal methylene blue at local site after haemorrhoidectomy and in both groups’ injection paracetamol was given as per requirement. Both groups are assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS).Results: Present study concluded that mean post-operative score according visual analogue scale (VAS) in case group was significantly lower as compared to control group on 1st and 3rd post-operative day.Conclusions: Methylene blue injection has an analgesic effect at local site after post conventional haemorrhoidectomy without any significant side effects of methylene blue.
The effect of community champions on modern contraceptive knowledge, attitude and use among women of reproductive age group in rural local government areas in Lagos state
Authors: Charles-Eromosele Titilope O. , Odeyemi Kofoworola A.
Published: July 2022

Background: The uptake of contraceptives is still low especially in rural areas in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess the effect of the use of community champions on knowledge, attitude and use of modern contraceptive among women of reproductive age group in rural local government areas in Lagos State.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was done among two groups. The study population were 399 women of reproductive age group per group who live in rural local government areas of Lagos state. The intervention group had community champions assigned to them while the control group did not. Multi-stage sampling method was done. It was a mixed method study. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and from family planning registers of the health facilities in the study areas. The data were analysed using the IBM statistical products and services solutions version 23.Results: Results at post-intervention showed that there was a significant increase in the percentage of respondents with good knowledge of modern contraceptive by 22.2% (p<0.05), positive attitude towards modern contraceptives by 10.4% (p<0.05) and current use of any method of modern contraceptive by 14.3% (p<0.05) in the intervention group. While in the control group, there was no statistically significant increase in the percentage of respondents with good knowledge of modern contraceptives, positive attitude towards modern contraceptives and current use of any method of modern contraceptives. (p>0.05).Conclusions: The study concluded that the use of community champions was an effective tool for improving knowledge, attitude and use of modern contraceptives.
Training, knowledge and skills of community health volunteers on complementary feeding of children aged 6-23 months in Machakos, Kenya
Authors: Kivaya Susan K. , Kiio Juliana N. , Njogu Eunice W.
Published: July 2022

Background: Community health volunteers (CHVs) could help reduce malnutrition related mortality through advocacy of recommended complementary feeding (CF) practices. Low levels of education, inadequate training, and limited information on their competency in CF of children aged 6-23 months are some challenges these CHVs face.  The objective of this study was to establish training, knowledge and skills of CHVs on CF.Method: The study adopted a cross-sectional analytical design. A total of 168 CHVs were randomly selected. A researcher administered questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge and training of CHVs. Observation checklist was used to assess counselling skills of CHVs on CF. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data.Results: Findings showed that 23.2%, 66.1%, and 10.7% of participants had high, moderate and low CF knowledge score respectively. Majority (83.9%) of CHVs had fair skills. Significant associations were observed between CHVs’ CF knowledge level and their occupation (AOR=1.63 CI; 1.23-8.25), education (AOR=3.36 CI; 1.07-10.59) and source of income (AOR=3.50 CI; 0.91-13.40). Overall, only 8.3% of the CHVs were competent based on knowledge on CF and their counseling skills to caregivers of children aged 6-23 months.Conclusions: This study rates knowledge of CHVs as moderate and concludes that it is sub-optimal to promote appropriate CF. Counselling skills’ score indicated that CHVs possessed fair skills therefore lack practical skills to execute their duties. MOH and other stakeholders should enhance training of CHVs.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards fluorides and fluorosis among rural people in fluoride endemic region of Kondagaon, Central India
Authors: Jewel Jonathan Vinay , Dhruw Sonal , Roy Pritam Kumar , Pydipalli Mounika , Dixit Anand , Maurya Pradeep Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background: Fluoride has advantages but acts as a toxin if consumed in excess. It interferes with the normal process of enamel as well as bone formation leading to an increased risk of dental and skeletal fluorosis. This study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices related to fluoride and fluorosis among the residents of fluoride endemic villages of Kondagaon, Central India.Methods: The study was carried out among 600 individuals aged 5 years and above. Each village was considered as a cluster. The number of participants from each village was determined based on proportionate sampling following which households in each village were selected based on systematic random sampling.Results: Among the participants one-fourth of the total participants (26%) had heard the term fluorosis, less than one-fourth (23.3%) responded that fluorosis is preventable, while more than three-fourths (77.7%) had no knowledge about fluoride prevention and mitigation programs of government. Also, the attitude of more than two-third of the individuals (70.3%) is negative towards the fluorosis control program.Conclusions: The knowledge, attitude and practices of the study were found to be very low. This suggests that more efforts have to be made at the grass-root level for creating awareness.
Outcomes in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome using Saana non-invasive ventilation
Authors: Hailu Michael T. , Workagegnehu Kaleab D. , Manoj Adarsh
Published: July 2022

Background: In low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), neonatal mortality is still unacceptably high compared to developed nations. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the major contributors to high mortality rates in this population. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of Saans non-invasive ventilation (NIV), an infrastructure-independent continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and resuscitation device, on neonatal mortality and cost compared to current practices.Methods: This single-center, prospective, observational analytical study was to determine the efficacy of Saans NIV in delivering CPAP and resuscitation therapy to neonates diagnosed with RDS.Results: An 82% success rate was recorded while using Saans NIV for CPAP and resuscitation therapy in this study, which was far superior to the global average. This also means that 82% of the patients included in this study avoided invasive mechanical ventilation. After a cost analysis, we concluded that invasive mechanical ventilation would cost $3478 USD for treatment vs. just $155 USD for patients treated with traditional CPAP therapy.Conclusions: Infrastructure-independent devices such as Saans NIV are game-changers in LMICs. Saans NIV makes CPAP and safe resuscitation therapy available in resource-constrained settings and during transport. This study showcases that Saans NIV can significantly reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and the costs associated with treating neonates.
Endoscopic sinus surgery for removal of maxillary sinus fungal ball: a case report
Authors: Juwarna Wijaya , Munir Delfitri
Published: July 2022

The incidence of fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) has been increasing over the past decade. FRS is categorized into invasive and non-invasive based on the histopathological evidence of tissue invasion by fungi. According to Hardik Shah, among FRS, 48% were non-invasive, and 52% were invasive. Fungal ball is the most frequent cause of non-invasive FRS, and the most commonly involved sinus is the maxillary sinus, and most cases are unilateral. Nowadays, Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has become the gold standard in treatment of non-invasive FRS, due to its low morbidity and the easy access to the affected paranasal sinus. However, removal of maxillary sinus fungal ball (MSFB) may be long and difficult. Therefore, it is important to keep a sufficient field of view in order to remove the fungal debris completely. Good handling of endoscopic is needed, and furthermore, although the risk of complication of ESS for FRS is low, it is important to understand the potential complications.
A case report on Kikuchi disease
Authors: Waghray Jyotika
Published: July 2022

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a benign and self-limited disease that mainly affects young women. Patients present with localized lymphadenopathy, fever, and leukopenia in up to half of the cases. KFD can occur in association with systemic lupus erythematosus. We present the case of a patient with KFD and systemic lupus erythematosus. A 38 years old female presented with right sided cervical lymphadenopathy, fever and a rash on the face, with a loss of apetite and generalized body weakness. After a series of investigations to rule out other conditions like tuberculosis, a diagnosis of kikuchi disease was made based on the biopsy report. There was a strong suspiscion of SLE as well pertaining to the facial rash. An ANA profile was done which strongly indicated SLE as well. The patient was started on steroids and other systematic treatment and recovered gradually. With its shared clinical features, Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease can be mistaken for other forms of lymphadenitis. A combined use of medical imaging and laboratory tests is the effective way to avoid misdiagnosis.
Lipoblastoma nose: a rare case report
Authors: Patil Amol A. , Patangrao Hruchali , G. Kalpana
Published: July 2022

Lipoblastoma is a rare exclusively benign encapsulated tumor arising from embryonic white fat. Tumor occurs primarily in infancy and early childhood. It often presents as painless swelling in extremities and trunk, and rarely develops in head and neck and other sites. We report case of a 15 months old boy with a gradually enlarging, painless swelling over the left side of the dorsum of nose. Computed tomography scan revealed a subdermal soft tissue mass. Treatment remains complete surgical excision.  Diagnosis is determined by histopathologic findings. Histologically, lipoblastoma reveals immature adipose cells in varying stages of maturity arranged into lobules separated by septa. No recurrence of tumor has been noted over 6 months of follow-up of this patient.
Vertigo during pregnancy: a review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: July 2022

Vertigo is defined as a false sensation of movements where a patient gets a rotating perception of the environment or oneself. Vertigo and dizziness are commonly experienced during the pregnancy period and are among the most common complaint by pregnant women to the primary care physicians. Vertigo during pregnancy affects the quality of life of women and also has an impact on the fetus. Pregnancy is an important nine-month physiological period of female life. During pregnancy, the body of the female undergoes several physiological changes that affect all systems and organs, including sensory ones. There are significant changes during pregnancy including otological and neurotological manifestations. Vertigo/dizziness is a common complaint during pregnancy to the clinicians. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Meniere’s disease (MD), vestibular neuritis and vestibular migraine are common vestibular disorders result in vertigo during pregnancy. Vertigo during pregnancy directly affects the pregnant mother both mentally and physically. A multidisciplinary approach by otolaryngologists, neurologists, and gynaecologist and obstetricians is required for proper evaluation and management of vertigo in pregnant women. Currently, there are no guidelines for the management of vertigo in pregnancy. Little has been reported about vertigo during pregnancy. We performed a narrative review of vertigo in pregnant women.
Management of masks disposal in COVID-19 era
Authors: Jagdish Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2022

Management of masks disposal in the COVID-19 era is a highly ignored segment in public health management and clinical care, which might be due to the unexpected emergence of pandemic and unpreparedness of the system. Meanwhile with over time newer information has evolved, now authorities should focus on adequate management of the masks wastes, especially at community levels. Some of the hurdles and suggestions are discussed here in this article.
Antibiotic awareness and its usage in hospitals: Do our nurses possess adequate knowledge and practice?
Authors: John Bindu , Marath Usha , Sojan Amala , Prince Ann , Manoj Ardra , Biju Bismitha , Cleetus Christeena , Jose Jismi
Published: July 2022

: Antibiotics play a monumental role in infectious diseases control and management and have been used in all drug treatment strategies. But the inappropriate use and practice of antibiotics among health professionals results in adverse effects and accelerates the growth of microbial resistance against the majority of effective antibiotics. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge and practice of antibiotic awareness and its usage among staff nurses working in hospitals and also to identify the association of demographic factors on knowledge and practice of antibiotic awareness and its usage.

: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. A total of 100 staff nurses (4 males and 96 females) were selected using a convenience sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire to assess the knowledge and a rating scale for practice about antibiotics awareness and usage.

About 50 percent of the participants demonstrated good knowledge of antibiotic awareness and its usage, and 72 percent had very good practice of antibiotics usage in hospitals. A highly significant, weak positive correlation (r=0.316, at p ˂ 0.01) between knowledge and practice of antibiotic awareness and usage among staff nurses was obtained. A significant association of gender with practice (χ =59.64, p = 0.002) and educational qualification with knowledge was found (χ=53.82, p = 0.017).

: The study results suggested that staff nurses in general have good knowledge of antibiotic awareness and usage and very good practice in antibiotic usage. However, there should be effective training programs to consistently keep the knowledge and practice of staff nurses regarding antibiotic awareness and its practice at a satisfactory level and to raise awareness among those who demonstrated less knowledge and practice for its judicious use and practice.
An intergenerational analysis of cognitive impairment in healthy elders
Authors: Gupta Dipti , Dharam VIR , Sood Parul , Kumar Harmesh , Panda N K
Published: July 2022

Cognitive disorders are common in elderly population and are becoming an increasingly important public health problem, partly because of the rapid aging of the population. This study was conducted to find out the differences between cognitive ability between normal adults and healthy elders of north region. The mild cognitive impairment (MCI) resulting in limitations and delayed treatment of dementia, should be considered an entry point for researching recent changes in the lives of healthy elderly. In this study we have applied MoCA test on the 36 normal healthy elders belonging to high socioeconomic status and normal young adults. Results have shown that there was no significant difference amongst the young normal adults; all the participants had normal MoCA scores. The MoCA scores were significantly impaired in all the healthy elders and there was a significant difference between the normal young adults and healthy elders. Age has a significant influence on MOCA score in older adults. Hence there is a need for age specific stratification in cut-off scores.
Case report of Sleromyxedema with sensory motor axonal polyneuropathy treated with immunoglobulin therapy
Authors: Jagdish Rakesh Kumar
Published: July 2022

Sleromyxedema is a rare disease characterised by extensive mucin deposition with fibrosis in dermis. It is often associated with monoclonal gammopathy. Its true prevalence and/or cause is unknown due to its rarity. Various extra-cutaneous manifestations can be associated with sleromyxedema such as dermoneuro syndrome, neuropathy, rheumatological problems or various malignancies. This case report showed that a patient with sleromyxedema and neuropathy had positive outcomes when treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and steroids pulses. The underlying cause of the patient’s condition was unknown.