bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer Tax Credits for EVs: Some Quasi-Experimental Evidence on Consumer Demand, Product Substitution, and Carbon Emissions
Authors: He Cheng , Ozturk O. Cem , Gu Chris , Chintagunta Pradeep K.
Published: May 2023

Governments worldwide have spent billions of dollars on monetary incentives for consumers to encourage the adoption of eco-friendly (“green”) products. However, there is little consensus on the effectiveness of delayed monetary incentives with complex structures, such as tax credits in increasing green product adoption and reducing carbon emissions. The literature is also limited on the mechanisms through which monetary incentives work in general. We address these issues by studying the impact of tax credit incentives on green and nongreen vehicle sales in the U.S. auto industry. A tax credit incentive could boost green vehicle sales through cost savings on the vehicle’s price. However, the incentive may prove ineffective because of important barriers to adoption (e.g., long charging times for electric cars). To measure the sales and emissions impacts of tax credits, we study incentive changes in South Carolina and Oregon via various quasi-experimental approaches and assess the generalizability of our key findings to Colorado. Unlike recent studies showing an insignificant or negative correlation between tax credits and electric vehicle adoption, our analyses show that unit sales of incentivized plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) increase by an average of 3.7% (up to 52.7% in some counties) following a $2,000 incentive. In contrast, PHEV sales remain unchanged after the incentive’s termination, implying a positive net sales effect. We also explore the underlying mechanisms for the incentive’s impact by examining various purchase funnel stages. In the awareness stage, the incentive’s positive effect on PHEV demand peaks around the consumers’ tax-filing period. As for the consideration stage, our analyses of online consumer search indicate that the incentive does not expand the consumer pool considering PHEVs. In the conversion stage, the incentive generates more sales for PHEVs in counties where (i) consumers are more likely to have PHEVs in their consideration sets regardless of the incentive (i.e., Democratic counties) and (ii) consumers value cost-saving more (i.e., counties with lower middle income). Also, the heightened demand for PHEVs following the incentive stems from the substitution from gasoline vehicles with high fuel efficiency. We estimate the average cost of reducing carbon emissions through tax credits to be $109 per ton, which is less expensive than tax rebates for conventional hybrids and subsidies for residential solar panels.

This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Special Section of Management Science on Business and Climate Change.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4781 .
It is time to do better for people with rare neurological conditions
Authors: Thomas Sue
Published: May 2023

Sue Thomas outlines the UK rare conditions framework and the subsequent action plan that was published in February 2023. Estimates indicate nearly half of all rare diseases are neurological, and as many as 90% of all paediatric rare diseases have a major neurological (central nervous system) component to them, which makes the rare disease policy very relevant to those working in neuroscience settings.
Let's go to… Towner Eastbourne
Authors: Beinart Katy , Hunt Lydia , Howells Mollie
Published: May 2023

At Towner, children engaged with the collection and the local countryside through a session on seeds. By Katy Beinart, Lydia Hunt and Mollie Howells
Safe in the sun
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: May 2023

Many settings are embracing going outdoors in all weather – so how do you protect children's skin from the sun? By Annette Rawstrone
A new plan
Authors: Faux Karen
Published: May 2023

A new Improvement Plan aims to end the ‘postcode lottery’ of the SEND code of practice. Karen Faux provides a guide
Deaf-friendly
Authors: Fraser Emma
Published: May 2023

A new early years toolkit from the National Deaf Children's Society (NDCS) contains a host of advice on creating a deaf-friendly learning environment. Emma Fraser reports
CPD: Pick your own
Authors: Vollans Caroline
Published: May 2023

A model of professional development in Barnsley, where settings choose a project to participate in, is designed to help nurseries embed changes. By Caroline Vollans
A Novel Method for the Numerical Investigation of Pendulum Slider Pumps
Authors: Stuppioni Umberto , Casari Nicola , Monterosso Federico , Blum Alessandro , Gambetti Davide , Pinelli Michele , Suman Alessio
Published: May 2023

Inadequate lubrication might lead to high friction and wear and can ultimately translate in a higher dissipation of energy, initiation and propagation of fracture and material fatigue. These occurrences are avoided or delayed thanks to an efficient lubricating system. The core of a reliable system is the hydraulic pump which, in the automotive field, is also responsible for power transmission and cooling. Given the importance of such components, improving reliability and performance of the pumps is a topic that is greatly pursued by manufacturers. A machine that is infrequently addressed in the open literature of the fluid power field is the pendulum slider pump. This kind of machine has the makings of high durability performance, short response time, and significant ability to withstand flow contamination by solid particles. Considering the available literature, no Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies have been presented so far. Among the complexities that hindered the application of CFD to this machine, motion complexity and narrow gaps make the development of a numerical algorithm for its modelling non-straightforward.
In this work, the authors present the development and the application of a CFD model for the simulation of pendulum slider pumps. The structured mesh generation process has been successfully applied to a state-of-the-art pendulum slider pump for automotive applications, and the outcome of the numerical investigation has been validated against an on-purpose built test bench. The results both in terms of variable displacement and fixed displacement behaviour are shown. This work proofs the suitability of the developed model for the analysis of hydraulic pendulum slider pumps.
Experimental Verification of An Electro-Hydraulic Actuation System Driven by An Integrated Electro-Hydraulic Unit
Authors: Qu Shaoyang , Zappaterra Federico , Vacca Andrea , Liu Zifan , Busquets Enrique
Published: May 2023

This paper proposes an electro-hydraulic actuator (EHA) system, and a novel-designed electro-hydraulic unit (EHU) consisting of a fixed-displacement hydraulic gear machine and a variable-speed electric machine. The novel EHU design integrates an electric machine and a hydraulic machine in a single housing, targeting optimal compactness, power density, and component reduction. The EHA system features an open circuit design, where hydraulic hoses connect the EHU with a tank, a valve manifold, and the hydraulic cylinder. In this way, the proposed EHA technology can be used to implement distributed hydraulic actuation in a vehicle without requiring changes to the hydraulic actuators or at the overall layout of the hydraulic components with respect to the original vehicle design. A dedicated test rig is developed to verify the performance of the proposed EHA system. The efficiency of the EHA is measured in a steady state and under a realistic duty cycle of a commercial compact loader. The efficiency of the EHA system based on the measurements on the test rig can reach 54% with up to 20 kN load and 6 kW power level. Furthermore, the EHU is implemented on the reference machine to drive the boom function. Preliminary results on the performance of the EHU show an efficiency of up to 68% under different loading conditions.
Local land taxes and social media adoption in local governments: evidence from the German state of Hesse
Authors: Bischoff Ivo , Wimberger Aleksandra
Published: May 2023

We link the literature on social media adoption among local governments to the literature on local public finance. We argue that the demand for social media adoption is higher the more citizens knowingly contribute to the local budget through local salient taxes. We test this hypothesis using panel data on municipalities in the German state of Hesse and their adoption of Facebook between 2009 and 2019. We show that social media adoption among local governments in Germany is driven by citizens’ demand for transparency, accountability and political participation. This demand increases the more citizens knowingly contribute to the local budget through salient local taxes. This article shows that exploring the link between issues of local public finance and political communication via social media can deepen our understanding of local public affairs.
Imaging operator in indirect imaging correlography
Authors: Balaji Muralidhar Madabhushi , Liu Jiapeng , Ahsanullah Danyal , Rangarajan Prasanna
Published: May 2023

Indirect imaging correlography (IIC) is a coherent imaging technique that provides access to the autocorrelation of the albedo of objects obscured from line-of-sight. This technique is used to recover sub-mm resolution images of obscured objects at large standoffs in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging. However, predicting the exact resolving power of IIC in any given NLOS scene is complicated by the interplay between several factors, including object position and pose. This work puts forth a mathematical model for the imaging operator in IIC to accurately predict the images of objects in NLOS imaging scenes. Using the imaging operator, expressions for the spatial resolution as a function of scene parameters such as object position and pose are derived and validated experimentally. In addition, a self-supervised deep neural network framework to reconstruct images of objects from their autocorrelation is proposed. Using this framework, objects with ≈ 250 μm features, located at 1 mt standoffs in an NLOS scene, are successfully reconstructed.
Elimination of surface/subsurface defects on additively manufactured AlSi10Mg mirrors through nano-second laser irradiation
Authors: Liu Chen , Zhang Zhiyu , Zeng Xuefeng , Yang Xu , Deng Weijie , Zhang Xuejun
Published: May 2023

Metal mirrors have attracted increasing attention for satisfying the growing demands for high-performance optics in airborne and spaceborne remote sensing systems. Additive manufacturing has enabled the development of metal mirrors with reduced weight and improved strength. AlSi10Mg is the most widely used metal for additive manufacturing. Diamond cutting is an effective method for obtaining nanometer-scale surface roughness. However, the surface/subsurface defects of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg deteriorate the surface roughness. Conventionally, AlSi10Mg mirrors used in near-infrared and visible systems are plated with NiP layers to improve the surface polishing performance; however, this leads to the bimetallic bending because of the different coefficients of thermal expansion between the NiP layers and AlSi10Mg blanks. In this study, a method of nanosecond-pulsed laser irradiation is proposed to eliminate the surface/subsurface defects of AlSi10Mg. The microscopic pores, unmolten particles and two-phase microstructure of the mirror surface were eliminated. The mirror surface exhibited better polishing performance, and it could be smoothly polished to a nanometer-scale surface roughness. The mirror exhibits strong temperature stability owing to the elimination of the bimetallic bending caused by the NiP layers. It is expected that the mirror surface fabricated in this study can satisfy the requirements for near-infrared or even visible applications.
Flexible broadcast UWOC system using an LCVR-based tunable optical splitter
Authors: Zhang Chao , Deng Ning , Zhang Yufan , Zhang Zejun , Li Yanlong , Li Wenqiang , Xu Jing
Published: May 2023

For underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems, using an omnidirectional light source to construct a broadcast system will require considerable energy due to high geometric loss and water attenuation. In addition, high-sensitivity photon detectors usually have a limited dynamic range, therefore limiting communication distance. In this Letter, a broadcast UWOC system, based on liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs) and polarization beam splitters (PBSs), is proposed to allocate user power in accordance with user-specific channel conditions. By adjusting the driving alternating current (AC) voltage of LCVRs to change the input light polarization, different proportions of light can be allocated to different PBS ports before broadcasting to different users. In a dual-user transmitter for the proof-of-concept, the output power dynamic range and the additional insertion loss for the first user are 19.17 dB and 0.91 dB, respectively. For the second user, the performance degrades to 17.33 dB and 1.26 dB, respectively. The step size of power adjustment is less than 0.063 dB. To verify the effectiveness of power adjustment in UWOC systems, a 7-m/243.2-Mbps single-user UWOC system is designed with a water attenuation coefficient ranging from 0.50 dB/m to 2.35 dB/m. All bit error rates (BERs) can decrease to below the forward error correction (FEC) limit by adjusting the LCVR driving voltage. The adjustable range of communication distance could be extended from 4.2 m to 13.19 m with a channel attenuation coefficient of 1.44 dB/m. Finally, a dual-user UWOC experiment is conducted and proves that the proposed system can still work in a multi-user system. The proposed system is proven to be effective for improving the anti-jamming capability and flexibility of UWOC networks.
Relationship and comparison between the Monge–Ampère equation and the transport of intensity equation for phase retrieval
Authors: Feng ZeXin , Ma Xiao , Chen Chunyuan
Published: May 2023

Phase retrieval from two or more irradiance (or intensity) distributions is a fundamental and important inverse problem in optics. One of the most widely used phase retrieval methods is based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE). Although simple in form, the TIE method suffers the problems of weak paraxial and weak defocus approximations, etc. The phase retrieval problem can be more generally formulated as a Monge–Ampère equation (MAE) in the framework of geometrical optics. Here, we first prove that the TIE can be derived from MAE when applying paraxial and weak defocus approximations. We then verify through numerical experiments that MAE could sufficiently reduce the phase recovery errors compared with TIE.
Culturally responsive research ethics: How the socio-ethical norms of Arr-nar/Kreng-jai inform research participation at the Thai-Myanmar border
Authors: Khirikoekkong Napat , Asarath Supa-at , Nosten Suphak , Hanboonkunupakarn Borimas , Jatupornpimol Nattapat , Roest Jennifer , Parker Michael , Nosten Francois , McGready Rose , Cheah Phaik Yeong , Kelley Maureen
Published: May 2023

Despite advances, international research ethics guidelines still tend to consist of high-level ethical principles reflecting residual influence from North American and European traditions of ethics. Local ethics committees and community advisory boards can offer more culturally-sensitive approaches to training but most institutions lack substantive practical ethics guidance to engage rich moral understandings in day-to-day research practice in diverse cultural contexts. To address this gap, we conducted an international series of qualitative research ethics case studies, linked prospectively to active research programs in diverse settings. Here, we share findings from two case studies with a research team working on malaria and hepatitis B prevention with pregnant women in clinics serving migrants along the Thai-Myanmar border. In this sociocultural ethical analysis, we consider how core ethical requirements of voluntary participation, provision of fair benefits, and understandings of research risks and burdens are shaped, enriched, and in some instances challenged, by deep-seated and widespread Burmese, Karen and Thai cultural norms known as Arr-nar (in Burmese and Karen) or Kreng-jai (in Thai), encompassing multiple meanings including consideration for others and graciousness. We offer a model illustrating how one might map ethically significant sociocultural influences across the research practice pathway and close with lessons for developing a more culturally responsive research ethics practice in other international settings.
Efficacy of the combination of monoclonal antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Beta and Delta variants
Authors: Boonkrai Chatikorn , Cotrone Thomas S. , Chaisuriyong Watchadaporn , Tantawichien Terapong , Thisyakorn Usa , Fernandez Stefan , Hunsawong Taweewun , Reed Matthew , Wongtangprasert Tossapon , Audomsun Thittaya , Phakham Tanapati , Attakitbancha Chadaporn , Saelao Pijitra , Focht Dorota , Kimbung Raymond , Welin Martin , Malik Aijaz Ahmad , Pisitkun Trairak , Srisawat Nattachai
Published: May 2023

The pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the biggest healthcare issue worldwide. This study aimed to develop a monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 from B cells of recovered COVID-19 patients, which might have beneficial therapeutic purposes for COVID-19 patients. We successfully generated human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) against the receptor binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS-CoV-2 using developed hybridoma technology. The isolated hmAbs against the RBD protein (wild-type) showed high binding activity and neutralized the interaction between the RBD and the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein. Epitope binning and crystallography results displayed target epitopes of these antibodies in distinct regions beneficial in the mix as a cocktail. The 3D2 binds to conserved epitopes among multi-variants. Pseudovirion-based neutralization results revealed that the antibody cocktail, 1D1 and 3D2, showed high potency in multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In vivo studies showed the ability of the antibody cocktail treatment (intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration) to reduce viral load (Beta variant) in blood and various tissues. While the antibody cocktail treatment (intranasal (i.n.) administration) could not significantly reduce the viral load in nasal turbinate and lung tissue, it could reduce the viral load in blood, kidney, and brain tissue. These findings revealed that the efficacy of the antibody cocktail, 1D1 and 3D2, should be further studied in animal models in terms of timing of administration, optimal dose, and efficacy to mitigate inflammation in targeted tissue such as nasal turbinate and lung.
The relationship between psychology practice and complementary medicine in Australia: Psychologists’ demographics and practice characteristics regarding type of engagement across a range of complementary medicine modalities
Authors: Thomson-Casey Carrie , McIntyre Erica , Rogers Kris , Adams Jon
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Many people with mental health problems utilise a range of complementary medicine (CM) practitioners, products, and practices. Psychologists are likely to consult with clients who are seeking and using CM, in some form, as part of their wider mental health treatment. The aim of this research is to determine how much, and in what ways, Australian psychologists recommend CM products and/or practices, and/or initiate referrals to CM practitioners as part of their clinical practice and to explore if these behaviours have any association with the characteristics of the psychologist or their wider practice.

Methods

Survey data was collected from psychologists in clinical practice who self-selected to participate between February and April 2021. Participation in the study was via an online 79-item questionnaire exploring core aspects of CM engagement in psychology clinical practice.

Results

Amongst the 202 psychologists who completed the survey, mind/body approaches (90.5%) were the most recommended CM and cultural/spiritual approaches the least recommended CM (7.5%). Participants also reported referring to CM practitioners with naturopaths the most common focus of their referrals (57.9%) and cultural and spiritual practitioners the least common focus of their referrals (6.69%). Our analysis shows the demographic and practice characteristics of a psychologist are generally not predictors of a psychologist’s engagement with CM in their clinical practice.

Conclusions

Substantial numbers of psychologists recommend CM products and practices and/or refer clients to CM practitioners. Alongside subjecting CM interventions for mental health to an evidence-base assessment, the broader discipline of psychology needs to also consider psychologist engagement with CM in clinical practice in order to help ensure cultural-sensitivity, client safety and client choice.
Response of water and photosynthetic physiological characteristics to leaf humidification in Calligonum ebinuricum
Authors: Wang Huimin , Li Zhoukang , Ji Suwan , Lv Guanghui
Published: May 2023

Foliar water uptake (FWU) has increasingly been regarded as a common approach for plants to obtain water under water-limited conditions. At present, the research on FWU has mostly focused on short-term experiments; the long-term FWU plant response remains unclear; Methods: Through a field in-situ humidification control experiment, the leaves of Calligonum ebinuricum N. A. Ivanova ex Soskov were humidified, and the changes of leaf water potential, gas exchange parameters and fluorescence physiological parameters of plants after long-term and short-term FWU were discussed; The main results were as follows: (1) After short-term humidification, the water potential of Calligonum ebinuricum decreased, the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) increased, and the plant produced photoinhibition phenomenon, indicating that short-term FWU could not alleviate drought stress. (2) After long-term humidification, the leaf water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased significantly. That is to say, after long-term FWU, the improvement of plant water status promoted the occurrence of light reaction and carbon reaction, and then increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn); Therefore, long-term FWU is of great significance to alleviate drought stress and promote Calligonum ebinuricum growth. This study will be helpful to deepen our understanding of the drought-tolerant survival mechanism of plants in arid areas.
Weight loss efficiency and safety of tirzepatide: A Systematic review
Authors: Lin Fei , Yu Bin , Ling Baodong , Lv Guangyao , Shang Huijun , Zhao Xia , Jie Xiaoling , Chen Jing , Li Yan
Published: May 2023

Objective

Tirzeptide is a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) drug, which shows good efficiency for weight loss. Therefore, we aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide for weight loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity patients in this meta-analysis study.

Methods

Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Clinical Trials, and Web of Science were searched from inception to October 5, 2022. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated using fixed-effects or random-effects models by Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results

In total, ten studies (12 reports) involving 9,873 patients were identified. A significant loss body weight in the tirzepatide group versus the placebo by -9.81 kg (95% CI (-12.09, -7.52), GLP-1 RAs by -1.05 kg (95% CI (-1.48, -0.63), and insulin by -1.93 kg (95% CI (-2.81, -1.05), respectively. In sub-analysis, the body weight of patients was significantly reduced in three tirzepatide doses (5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg) when compared with those of the placebo/GLP-1 RA/insulin. In terms of safety, the incidence of any adverse events and adverse events leading to study drug discontinuation was higher in the tirzepatide group, but the incidence of serious adverse events and hypoglycaemia was lower. Additionally, the gastrointestinal adverse events (including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and decreased appetite) of tirzepatide were higher than those of placebo/basal insulin, but similar to GLP-1 RAs.

Conclusion

In conclusion, tirzeptide can significantly reduce the weight of T2DM and patient with obesity, and it is a potential therapeutic regimen for weight-loss, but we need to be vigilant about its gastrointestinal reaction.
Perspectives of economic losses due to condemnation of cattle and buffalo carcasses in the northern region of Brazil
Authors: Silva Welligton Conceição da , Camargo Raimundo Nonato Colares , Silva Éder Bruno Rebelo da , Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da , Picanço Márcio Luiz Repolho , Santos Maria Roseane Pereira dos , Araújo Cláudio Vieira de , Barbosa Antônio Vinicius Correa , Bonin Marina de Nadai , Oliveira Albiane Sousa de , Castro Simone Vieira , Lourenço José de Brito
Published: May 2023

The work aims to study the economical losses of the condemnation of bovine and buffalo carcasses, in order to estimate the losses in animals slaughtered in Santarém-Pará, Brazil, between 2016 and 2018, with data obtained from the Municipal Department of Agriculture and Fisheries. Sex, age, origin, total number of animals slaughtered and causes of condemnation of carcasses were considered. All analyzes were performed in RStudio version 1.1.463. In this study, 71,277 bovine carcasses and 2,016 buffalo carcasses were inspected, of which 300 bovine and 71 buffalo were condemned. The highest prevalence of causes of condemnation in cattle was recorded for brucellosis (0.0020%) and tuberculosis (0.0019%). In buffaloes, tuberculosis (0.0307%) peritonitis (0,0019%) were the main causes of condemnations. Economical losses were more evident in females, for both species. The projection of economical losses related to the condemnation of carcasses showed a sharp growth for the next three years, if the average growth remains constant. The biggest projected loss was for bovine females, with an accumulated projection of $ 5,451.44. The smallest estimated loss was for buffalo males, projected at more than thirty-two thousand reais. The most important causes of condemnation report the diseases brucellosis and tuberculosis, as the ones with the greatest impact. In the buffalo species this was even more accentuated, even though the number of buffaloes slaughtered is more than 35 times smaller than the number of cattle.
Identification of a novel path for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage of the human brain
Authors: Pessa Joel E.
Published: May 2023

How cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains from the human brain is of paramount importance to cerebral health and physiology. Obstructed CSF drainage results in increased intra-cranial pressure and a predictable cascade of events including dilated cerebral ventricles and ultimately cell death. The current and accepted model of CSF drainage in humans suggests CSF drains from the subarachnoid space into the sagittal sinus vein. Here we identify a new structure in the sagittal sinus of the human brain by anatomic cadaver dissection. The CSF canalicular system is a series of channels on either side of the sagittal sinus vein that communicate with subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid via Virchow-Robin spaces. Fluorescent injection confirms that these channels are patent and that flow occurs independent of the venous system. Fluoroscopy identified flow from the sagittal sinus to the cranial base. We verify our previous identification of CSF channels in the neck that travel from the cranial base to the subclavian vein. Together, this information suggests a novel path for CSF drainage of the human brain that may represent the primary route for CSF recirculation. These findings have implications for basic anatomy, surgery, and neuroscience, and highlight the continued importance of gross anatomy to medical research and discovery.
Are asthma and allergy associated with increased root resorption following orthodontic treatment? A meta-analysis
Authors: Al-Saqi Reem Kais , Athanasiou Athanasios E. , Makrygiannakis Miltiadis A. , Kaklamanos Eleftherios G.
Published: May 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to systematically investigate the available evidence from human studies regarding the association of asthma and/or allergy with EARR.

Materials and methods

Unrestricted searches in 6 databases and manual searching were performed up to May 2022. We looked for data on EARR after orthodontic treatment in patients with/without asthma or allergy. Relevant data were extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed. An exploratory synthesis was carried out using the random effects model, and the overall quality of the evidence was assessed with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

Results

From the initially retrieved records, nine studies met the inclusion criteria (three cohort and six case-control). Overall, increased EARR was observed in the individuals with allergies in their medical history (Standardised Mean Difference [SMD]: 0.42, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.19 to 0.64). No difference in EARR development was observed among individuals with or without a medical history of asthma (SMD: 0.20, 95% CI: -0.06 to 0.46). The quality of available evidence, excluding studies at high risk, was rated as moderate for the exposure to allergy, and low for the exposure to asthma.

Conclusion

Increased EARR was noted in individuals with allergies compared to the control group, while no difference was observed for individuals with asthma. Until more data become available, good practice would suggest that it is important to identify patients with asthma or allergy and consider the possible implications.
Does the disclosure of key audit matters improve the audit quality for sustainable development: Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Lin Jintian
Published: May 2023

In this paper, taking the 14837 annual audit reports of 4159 listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2017 to 2020 as samples, and taking the information entropy value of KAM disclosures and the type of audit opinion as the agent indexes of the explanatory variable and the interpreted variable respectively, whether the disclosure of KAMs could improve audit quality had been empirically tested and analyzed. The results shown that: (1) The regression coefficient of information entropy value of KAMs disclosure was 0.1785, which shown a significant positive correlation, and was established at the level of 1% significance, that was to say, KAMs disclosure can improve audit quality. (2) The marginal effect coefficient was only 0.0081, which meant that there was some information redundancy in the KAMs disclosure and the enhancement effect on audit quality was weak. (3) In the robustness test, the interpreted variable was respectively replaced by audit cost (taking the natural logarithm of audit cost) and manipulated accrual profit (taking the absolute value of manipulated accrual profit), the regression coefficients of information entropy of KAMs were 0.0852 and 0.0017 respectively, which shown a significant positive correlation and were consistent with the results of the main regression test. (4) Further research shown that whether the industry in which the audited company was located and whether the audit institution was one of the international Big Four would affect the disclosure of KAMs, and then affect the audit quality in the same direction. The implementation effect of the new audit reporting standards was supported by these test evidences.
Effect of operators’ proficiency level and patients’ related factors on possible complications, using a high frequency polyamide sonic intracanal irrigation device: A prospective clinical cohort study
Authors: Hahn Tobias , Christofzik David W. , Fawzy El-Sayed Karim , Freitag-Wolf Sandra , Conrad Jonas , Graetz Christian , Größner-Schreiber Birte , Dörfer Christof
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Sonic/ultrasonic devices are essential tools in today’s endodontics. This prospective trial evaluated for the first time the impact of practitioners’ proficiency levels and patient-related factors on complications associated with a high frequency polyamide sonic irrigant activation device.

Methods

In total 334 patients (females:158, males:176; age:18–95 years) received in the course of their endodontic therapy an intracanal irrigation, using a high frequency polyamide sonic irrigant activation device, by practitioners of different proficiency levels (undergraduate students, general practitioners or endodontists). Intracanal bleeding (yes/no), postoperative pain (0–10 scale), emphysema (yes/no) and polyamide tip fractures (yes/no) were recorded and related to proficiency levels, age, gender, tooth type, smoking-status, systemic conditions affecting healing ability, baseline pain, swelling, fistula, sensitivity to percussion and diagnosis.

Results

Intracanal bleeding was associated with patients’ age (p<0.05), baseline pain level (OR = 1.14, 95%CI = 0.91–1.22) and baseline swelling (OR = 2.73, 95%CI = 0.14–0.99; p<0.05) but not proficiency level, gender, tooth type, smoking, systemic conditions, baseline fistula or sensitivity to percussion (p>0.05). Postoperative pain development was related to proficiency level (p<0.05) and baseline pain level (p<0.001), with no influence of age, gender, tooth type, smoking, systemic conditions, baseline fistula, swelling or sensitivity to percussion (p>0.05). Emphysema and polyamide tip fractures were not reported.

Conclusions

Within the current study’s limitations, younger patients with higher baseline pain and swelling, were associated with higher intracanal bleeding. Apart from higher postoperative pain observed with less experienced practitioners, proficiency level had no influence on bleeding, polyamide tip fracture or emphysema, endorsing the high frequency polyamide sonic irrigation device as a safe therapeutic device.
Juristische Perspektiven auf die Idee der agonistischen Planung
Authors: Durner Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

Historically, the emergence of planning law and the juridification of planning in Germany did not follow any planning theory, but a logic inherent to the constitutional state. Only in small number of cases did the legislature or the judiciary adopt elements of planning theories, most of which were developed much later. Law defines itself by its strict claim to be obeyed. Therefore, the requirements of planning law may conflict with the recommendations of normative planning theories and then claim precedence over these. Nevertheless, with regard to the viability of some proposals of agonistic planning theories, legal borderlines arise. This paper deals with these borderlines. However, the goal of agonistic theories of planning coincides with the basic function of planning law to pacify conflicting interests and to reach acceptable solutions. Opponents of state planning projects thus are entitled to participate in planning procedures and to file far-reaching lawsuits. However, the legal order also sets limits to legitimate resistance to democratic planning and cannot refrain from distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate forms of rejection.
PERBANDINGAN MODEL KLASIFIKASI RANDOM FOREST DENGAN RESAMPLING DAN TANPA RESAMPLING PADA PASIEN PENDERITA GAGAL JANTUNG
Authors: Arisandi Rizwan
Published: May 2023

Cardiovascular disease that causes heart failure is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in the world. Therefore, there is a need for an accurate model to classify heart failure based on clinical information and the lifestyle of patients with the disease, as an alternative solution in administering appropriate drugs. This study compared the classification model of living and deceased heart failure patients based on clinical information and patient lifestyle using the random forest method when using resampling techniques and not using resampling techniques. The results obtained from this study are that the Random Forest model with a combination of the SMOTE and Edited Nearest Neighbors methods is the best model for classifying someone with heart failure as alive or dead. The Random Forest model with a combination of the SMOTE and Edited Nearest Neighbors methods has a high level of classification accuracy in the evaluation model that focuses on recall, namely rf_model_smoteenn can classify 82.96% of patients with living status and 90% of patients with death status.
PERAMALAN PENDAPATAN BULANAN MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY TIME SERIES CHEN ORDE TINGGI
Authors: Yuliyanto Muhammad Rizky , Wuryandari Triastuti , Utami Iut Tri
Published: May 2023

Cooperatives need consideration in the making of business strategy decisions. Forecasting can assist cooperatives in deciding on their business strategy. This study used n-orde Fuzzy Time Series Chen. n-orde Fuzzy Time Series Chen captures data patterns formed by two or more historical data in each period called fuzzy logic relation (FLR). The pattern of FLR is used to be projected in forecasting future conditions. This study used 2-orde, 3-orde, and 4-orde with 1-orde as the comparison. This study used data on the monthly revenue of the Employee Cooperative of PT. Telekomunikasi Indonesia Semarang Region for the period of January 2019 to May 2022 to predict revenue for the period of June and July 2022. This study used symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (sMAPE) in calculating the forecasting error rate. 1-orde, 2-orde, 3-orde, and 4-orde of Fuzzy Time Series Chen produced different forecasting results for the period of June and July 2022. 1-orde has sMAPE value of 23.15% (good enough forecasting), 2-orde and 3-orde have sMAPE value of 10.06% (good forecasting), and 4-orde has sMAPE value of 4.52% (very good forecasting). This study showed that the larger orde used in Fuzzy Time Series Chen, the lower forecasting error rate.
PENDEKATAN MODEL KMV MERTON UNTUK PENGUKURAN NILAI RISIKO KREDIT OBLIGASI EXPECTED DEFAULT FREQUENCY (EDF) DILENGKAPI GUI R
Authors: Anggoro Agil Setyo , Mustafid Mustafid , Kartikasari Puspita
Published: May 2023

Bonds are debt securities from the issuer to bondholders with a promise to pay off the principal and the coupon at maturity. Bond investing can generate income while also posing investment risks. One of the risks connected with bond investing is credit risk, which might manifest as a firm collapsing (default). The KMV Merton model approach is one method of measuring bond credit risk. This Merton KMV model computes the Expected Default Frequency (EDF), which is the likelihood of a firm failing in the following years or years. The data processing system using the Graphical User Interface (GUI) can facilitate the analysis process by implementing the Shiny Package in the R studio program. This research case makes use of up to 48 months of monthly corporate asset data from January 2018 to December 2021. The results obtained the value of Expected Default Frequency (EDF) in each company, namely PT Bank Mandiri Tbk obtained a value of 0% and PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk obtained a value of 1,406668E-113%. Because PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia Tbk's percentage return is higher than that of PT Bank Mandiri Tbk, investors would be better off investing in bonds at PT Bank Mandiri Tbk.
Écrire et cartographier le nomadisme au XIXe siècle. L’exemple des Kalmouks
Authors: Tellier Virginie
Published: May 2023

This article proposes to reflect on the writing of nomadism by comparing three accounts of journeys made between 1797 and 1859 in Kalmyk territory: Voyage à Astrakan et au Caucase (Jan Potocki, 1797), Les Steppes de la mer Caspienne, le Caucase, la Crimée et la Russie méridionale (Xavier and Adèle Hommaire de Hell, 1843-1845), Voyage au littoral de la mer Caspienne and The Volga (Moynet, 1860, 1867). The article first evocates the question of the place from which the visual, auditory and intellectual experience of the traveller is established; it then questions the distance, physical and symbolic, which separates the travellers from those they meet on the way; it finally attempts to relate the movement of the nomad, on the one hand, to the movement of the traveller, on the other.
Interest Rates, Money, and Fed Monetary Policy in a Markov-Switching Bayesian VAR
Authors: Rich Kenneth M.
Published: May 2023

This paper evaluates the roles of short- and long-term private and government interest rates and inside and outside money in the monetary transmission mechanism. With money and credit markets present, changes in monetary policy set off a chain of relative price and portfolio adjustments affecting output and prices. I study interest rate and money supply rules within this monetary transmission mechanism by estimating several Markov-switching Bayesian vector autoregressions (MS-BVARs) on a quarterly U.S. sample from 1960 to 2018. The best-fit MS-BVAR restricts MS to the impact and lag coefficients of the monetary policy and money demand regressions as well as to the stochastic volatilities (SVs) of the structural shocks. Estimates of this MS-BVAR yield evidence of a SV regime which coincides with NBER-dated recessions. This MS-BVAR also identifies a regime switch in the Fed’s interest rate rule and banks’ demand for outside money around the dot-com bust of 2000 and again from the 2007–2009 recession and financial crisis to the end of the sample. Counterfactual simulations show the 2007–2009 recession and financial crisis would have not been as deep and long-lasting if the fed funds rate had been as low as −8 % in 2009 and remained negative from 2010 through 2016.
Formulaicity and formulaic expressions in Japanese: an introduction
Authors: Shibasaki Reijirou
Published: May 2023

Formulaic expressions pervade everyday language. While this has caught the attention of pedagogically oriented researchers due to its benefit in foreign language instruction, the centrality of formulaic expressions in actual language use, along with their emerging nature and plasticity, has only been marginally recognized and thus remains largely unexplored, especially in languages other than English. We propose to fill this gap by highlighting the cognitive and interactional basis of formulaicity in Japanese. We place full weight on formulaic language in actual use, which includes conversational discourse and social networking services such as Twitter posts. Each contribution highlights how formulaic expressions are based on and shaped by usage in context and how they are deployed in unfolding discourse.
The utterance-finaltari siteconstruction in interaction: a general extender as a play stance marker
Authors: Takanashi Hiroko
Published: May 2023

Regarding the Japanese utterance-final constructiontari siteas a general extender, this paper discusses the innovative function of this formulaic expression, the non-final form oftari suru‘and/or do’, to mark play stance. I argue that the sequential and interactional context where it is used provides the grounds for this construction to function as such, which contributes to building a play frame intersubjectively. General extenders such as Englishor somethingare highly pragmatic because, by offering a prototypical exemplar that precedes, the speaker invites the listener to infer the implied vague category. My analysis oftari sitein naturally occurring Japanese conversations adds to the existing claim that English fixed expressions are employed to express stances in everyday conversation. Moreover, I found that the play stance markertari siteexpresses the speaker’s positive self-presentation, in contrast to one of the previously claimed general extenders’ functions to convey hedges.
Utility of apolipoprotein ratio in predicting metabolic risk and microvascular complications in Indian children and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Antani Misha , Oza Chirantap , Khadilkar Vaman , Gondhalekar Ketan , Khadilkar Anuradha
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To assess the relationship of apolipoproteins with glycemic control and insulin resistance (IR) in Indian children and youth with type-1 diabetes (T1D) and to assess its utility in predicting metabolic risk (MR) and microvascular complications in these subjects.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 152 participants aged 6–23 years with T1D. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and body composition data were obtained using standard protocols. IR was calculated using estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed using the international diabetes federation consensus definition 2017.

Results

Apolipoprotein ratio in subjects with T1D had negative and positive correlation with eGDR and HbA1crespectively. Positive correlation of Apolipoproten B and apolipoprotein ratio with urinary albumin creatinine ratio is noted. The ratio had area under curve of 0.766 and 0.737 to predict MR and microvascular complications respectively. The ratio cut-off of 0.536 yielded 77.1 % sensitivity and 61 % specificity to predict MR. On adding the apolipoprotein ratio as a predictor to the regression model developed to predict MR, the R2and accuracy improved.

Conclusions

The apolipoprotein ratio had significant correlation with IR, microalbuminuria and glycaemic control. The ratio also predicts risk of development of microvascular complications and maybe used to predict MR in subjects with T1D.
“The soro-soke [speak up] generation”: multimodality and appraisal choices in selected #EndSars civil protest-related memes in Nigeria
Authors: Okesola Saheed Omotayo , Oyebode Oluwabunmi Opeyemi
Published: May 2023

This paper explores the deployment of multimodal elements as appraisal resources in #Endsars civil unrest-related memes in Nigerian social media space (WhatsApp and Twitter) to express affective meanings and intersubjective positioning. The study investigates how both verbal and non-verbal elements are deployed as appraisal resources to evaluate the trajectory of the protest. The data, which comprise thirty purposively selected Internet memes, collected between October and December, 2020, were analysed qualitatively. The study shows that the meme producers, through the use of multimodal concepts such as symbolic, analytical, action, reactional processes, offer and salience, among others, project various expressions of affect, judgement and appreciation of things to create important narratives in the memes. Thus, the verbal elements are graded/upscaled through the non-verbal elements in the memes to evoke specific reactions, positive/negative, which signal intersubjective positioning about the protest and relevant social actors. The study concludes that meme producers effectively utilize multimodal elements to interrogate various expressions of attitude and intersubjective opinions that Nigerians made about the protest and its management by the Nigerian government.
Monte Carlo estimates of extremes of stationary/nonstationary Gaussian processes
Authors: Grigoriu Mircea Dan
Published: May 2023

Finite-dimensional (FD) models

X
d

⁢

(
t
)

X_{d}(t)

, i.e., deterministic functions of time and finite sets of 𝑑 random variables, are constructed for stationary and nonstationary Gaussian processes

X
⁢

(
t
)

X(t)

with continuous samples defined on a bounded time interval

[
0
,
τ
]

[0,\tau]

.
The basis functions of these FD models are finite sets of eigenfunctions of the correlation functions of

X
⁢

(
t
)

X(t)

and of trigonometric functions.
Numerical illustrations are presented for a stationary Gaussian process

X
⁢

(
t
)

X(t)

with exponential correlation function and a nonstationary version of this process obtained by time distortion.
It was found that the FD models are consistent with the theoretical results in the sense that their samples approach the target samples as the stochastic dimension is increased.
The crystal structure of (1E,2E)-1,2-bis(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazine, C20H14N4
Authors: Liao Fuguang , Yuan Shuhao , Nie Weifeng , Yi Zirong , Zhang Qian , Yan Shiyu , Cui Ying
Published: May 2023

C20H14N4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.4569(16) Å, b = 4.7592(5) Å, c = 11.9902(13) Å, β = 94.914(2)°, V = 765.08(15) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0333, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0935, T = 296(2) K.