bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW PAPER ON INDUSTRIES REVOLUTION 4.0 POWERING THE FUTURE OF HEALTH CARE SECTOR
Authors: Mishra Shailender , Singh Supriya , Kreetika  , Joshi Sarita , Tomar Roopam , Alpana
Published: March 2024

In the age of globalisation and digitization, the ability of computers to  perform tasks normally associated with intelligent beings is known as  artificial intelligence (AI), which can play a critical role in assisting in  dealing with every type of business and function of human resource  management in a proficient and timely manner. The unparalleled data  processing capabilities of AI and ML in the pharmaceutical industry serve  as a harness in the enhancement and improvement of efficiency in  diagnostic assistance and clinical trials, pharmaceutical marketing, foster  innovation, quality control, reduce materials waste, improve production  reuse, perform predictive maintenance, and improve decision-making  skills. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (industries 4.0) in Health Sector implement artificial technologies to performed functions by machines and  small robotic systems programmed to do human-like tasks result great  potential to transform drug discovery by accelerating the research and  development timeline. This technology is being adopted by many  pharmaceutical companies to help with the drug discovery and  development process, which will enable them to work on a variety of  research-oriented projects to improve health facilities and easily cure the  diseases in the future. With the development of artificial intelligence and  machine learning, the pharmaceutical industry is undergoing significant  advancement like decrease the time interval gap from development of a  drug product to its commercialization. We will discuss the various roles of  AI and ML in health care sector and challenges in this article. As a result,  this clearly demonstrates that artificial intelligence has a positive impact on  the pharmaceutical industries.
Medicinal and therapeutic properties of Jamun (Syzygium cumini) – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Choudhary Akram , Noman Md , Bano Uzma , Yahya Shaikh , Khan Asim A , Akhtar Jamal , Mir Showkat R , Yar M Shahar
Published: March 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most common cancer and  the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally. It has a poor  prognosis and is resistant to the majority of chemotherapeutics. The present  review aimed to highlight studies into the tumor cycle and its prevention by  appropriate herbal (Ayurvedic/Unani) medicine that is essential to reduce  the effects of the deadly disease. There are few treatment options for end stage liver cancer, which forces patients to undergo expensive liver  transplantation, which is not an option in the majority of nations. Herbal  medicine has experienced exponential growth in recent years, and due to its  natural origins and limited side effects, these medications are becoming  more and more popular in both developed and developing nations. The anti diabetic function of S. cumini has the most potential nutraceutical value  among these advantageous physiological effects. The numerous  phytoconstituents included in the fruit, including tannins, alkaloids,  steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, phenols, minerals,  carbohydrates, and vitamins, are primarily responsible for S. cumini's favourable benefits on health. An overview of the scientific data supporting  S. cumini's pharmacological potential is provided in this review.
SCIENCE BEHIND THE COLOR CHANGES IN TILAPIA DURING STRESS
Authors: Keerthik A
Published: March 2024

Tilapia is the common name applied to three genera of fish in the  family Cichlidae. the genera include Oreochromis, Sarotherodon and  Tilapia. Tilapia has become the third most important fish in  aquaculture after carp and salmon. The nature’s aim in imparting  versatile colours to the fishes is to facilitate their survival and as a  mode of communication. Colouration in fishes are highly correlated  to their behaviour and habitat as morphological patterns always  indicate the physiological functions. Some fishes may change its  colour due to environmental conditions. Due to the growth of Tilapia  production in aquaculture field, indicates how tilapia is important for  world’s total production and economy.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TOPICAL LIPOSOMAL GEL OF LEMON OIL AND ORANGE OIL FOR SYNERGISTIC EFFECT TO ENHANCE SKIN BEAUTY
Authors: Maheshwari Shubhrat , Singh Aditya
Published: March 2024

Background: In the development of cosmeceuticals for skin care,  nanotechnology is critical. Essential oils are complex mixtures of  numerous derivatives, including terpenoids, aliphatic chemicals, and  phenol derived compounds. Due to their numerous qualities such as  virucidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, local anaesthetic, anti inflammatory, analgesic, and so on, they have been widely utilized  for a long time. Essential oils are chosen over synthetically  manufactured medications because they are safer for the skin. To  improve the penetration of essential oils via the skin, novel  nanosystems such as liposomes, niosomes, nanoemulsions, solid  lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanospheres are used. These  nanocarriers allow for controlled release of natural components while also improving their stability. Furthermore, nanotechnology-based  skin care products have a pleasing appearance.
To study the Hepatoprotective Activity of the Fruit of Exogenous Plant of Xanthophyceae family Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats.
Authors: Bharatia Rakesh , Kumar Shailendra , Dubey Agineshwar Dhar , Verma Harshita
Published: March 2024

The Hepatic is midst the best industrious and pennon organs in the feasible body. Hepatotoxicity is a symbol intermediary of morbidity and lenity, and  its extent is leave off increment appointment by steady old-fashioned in the  industrialized nations. Hepatotoxicity is characterized by atomic pyknosis  and eosinophilic cytoplasm, followed by copious rash hepatic poison,  pudginess changes, lipid peroxidation leads to hepatic centrilobular  necrosis. Paracetamol, reluctant tubercular drugs, demon rum, and  azathioprine are meditate on to be the tricky venture factors implicated in  the progression of hepatotoxicity. Unusual signaling mechanisms, such as  activation of transmissible represent encode alike Kupffer cells, simple hew  to pieces cells, incendiary mediators, intracellular Ca2 concentration and  reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity.  At realistic, helter-skelter is petite aglow panacea is at hand to squeamish patients give hepatotoxicity becoming to deficiency of colleague of  signaling culprits involved in the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity. Gross models are zoological seasoned to reform esteem the plague pathogenesis  and develop drugs for hepatotoxicity. In the physical study, we take on submit discrete extremist models for hepatotoxicity, which may frankly vistas for developing new drugs to treat hepatotoxicity.
Ubiquity of Hypertension- Systematic Review
Authors: Kumar Sagar , Gohri Smriti , Bhumika
Published: March 2024

The prevalence, knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension in an adult population-representative group were alldiscussed in this review. Due to its high prevalence and link to anincreased risk of developing a number of diseases, hypertension is asignificant health concern around the globe illness of the heart.Recent dramatic decreases in the mortality rates from coronary heartdisease and stroke in industrialized nations are largely attributable toimprovements in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Therates of high blood pressure management in many of these nationshave, however, actually slowed over the past few years. Globally, 1.2billion individuals are anticipated to have hypertension by the year2010. About 125 million people in the Eastern Mediterranean regionsuffer from hypertension, which has a frequency of 26% on average.More concerning is the rise in the frequency of heart failure, stroke,and other cardiovascular complications of high blood pressure,including end-stage renal disease.
Recent Innovation in Niosomes-A Comprehensive review of advancements and Applications
Authors: Sunita  , Sharma Akanksha
Published: March 2024

The management of infectious diseases and immunization practices  have experienced a revolutionary change in recent years. With the  development of biotechnology and genetic engineering, not only  have numerous biologicals targeted at certain diseases been created,  but the focus has also been placed on the efficient delivery of these  biologicals. As an alternative to liposomes, niosomes are vesicles  made of non-ionic surfactants that are biodegradable, more harmless,  more stable and less costly. This article summarizes various literature  with the outcomes of the utilization of niosomes for different  diseases.
Cannabis sativa L. - An Important Medicinal Plant: A Review of its Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Applications in Sustainable Economy
Authors: Saifi Muhammad Sahil , Arif Muhammad , Kaish M d , Kushwaha Shom Prakash
Published: March 2024

Since the beginning of time, medicinal plants have served as a source  of healing for almost all cultures. Cannabis sativa Linn. also known  as Hemp is an herbaceous, anemophilous plant in the Cannabaccae  family. Cannabis sativa L. is a unique natural medicinal plant holding  a lot of phytochemicals such as cannabinoids, non-cannabinoids  phenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and flavonoids. Each category of  phytochemicals holds a lot of different compounds used in various  forms of disease such as epilepsy, pain, bowel diseases, appetite  stimulator, and many other neuro and GIT diseases. It was very  popular as a medication in the treatment of COVID-19 and utilized  in a sustainable economy. It contributes to the sustainable economy  as bio-fuel, car parts, paper, food, apparel, building materials, ropes,  carpets, and so on. The numerous therapeutic characteristics and  phytochemical studies, as well as their use in a sustainable economy,  demonstrate its value as a useful medicinal plant.
Formulation of Psoralea Ethosomes and their Evaluation
Authors: Sunita  , Sharma Akanksha
Published: March 2024

Psoralea corylifolia known as ‘babchi’ is a medicinal plant for the  treatment large scale level in pharmaceutical industries to cure  various skin diseases. In India, indigenous herbal remedies such as  Ayurveda and other Indian traditional medicines have since ancient  times used plants in treatment of various disorders. In our present  investigation, preliminary phytochemical analysis of Psoralea  corylifolia has been evaluated for the presence of bioactive  constituents using various polarity solvents including hexane, n butanol, ethanol and water. The present phytochemical screening of  the seeds extracts revealed the presence of maximum compounds  including carbohydrates, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins,  amino acid, cardiac glycosides and proteins. The results suggest that  the ethanolic extracts of Psoralea corylifolia has promising  therapeutic potential and can be used as a base for the development  of novel potent drugs in phytomedicines.
Unraveling Drug Safety: Importance of Toxicological Screening and Animal Models in Pharmacokinetics Studies for Clinical Medicinal Impact
Authors: Bisht Tanuja , Dhoundiyal Shivang , Adhikari Anupriya , Patil Shivanand
Published: March 2024

The pharmacokinetics of a drug is an important factor in determining  the safety of the drug. In this review, we focus on the importance of  the toxicological screening and the methods using various animal  models to determine any signs of toxicity in the drug substance. The  toxicity data acquired is used to determine the relationship among the  serum composition and the toxicity results, as well as their purpose  and importance to the drug's clinical medicinal impacts. in silico models which generally utilize the help of computers study the  parameters of ADME in an artificial environment and generally  costlier model i.e., animal model is used in the later stages of testing  of medications potency and hazards. In vitro studies are conducted in  rats and are conducted firstly to offer data for different regions of  body favoring pharmacological investigations. The radiation levels  determined by quantitative whole-body autoradiography amongst  various tissues at different point of time are important to study that  why some compounds fail to exhibit favorable PK during preclinical  ADME screening, this information could be immensely helpful to  medicinal chemists for improvement of the weak backbones.  Preclinical studies are modest, but they can become better if all the  test procedure are followed in the right manner and right evidence is  provided which highlights the desired biological effect at the same  time risk assessment methods should also take place in case of any  severe adverse effects.
Gymnema sylvestre Leaf Hydroalcoholic Extract: Promising Source of Antioxidants with Remarkable Yield and Potent Scavenging Activity
Authors: Hasan Faizul , Naaz Shaista , Praveen Asma
Published: March 2024

This research study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity and  yield of different extracts of leaf of Gymnema sylvestre, including  methanolic, hydroalcoholic, and aqueous extracts. In recent years,  extensive research has been conducted to explore the antioxidant  potential of Gymnema sylvestre extracts. However, a comprehensive  comparison of these extracts in terms of their yield and antioxidant  activity is lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to  evaluate and compare the yield and antioxidant activity of different  extracts of Gymnema sylvestre, specifically methanolic,  hydroalcoholic, and aqueous extracts. The percentage yield of each  extract was determined, providing valuable insights into the  efficiency of the extraction methods. Furthermore, the antioxidant  activity of the extracts was assessed by measuring their scavenging  activity and determining the IC50 values. Methanolic,  hydroalcoholic, and aqueous extracts of Gymnema sylvestre leaf  were obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method after being finely  pulverized. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that  the hydroalcoholic extract of Gymnema sylvestre exhibited the  highest percentage yield, with a recorded value of 10.27 percent. The  IC50 values for the Gymnema extract and Ascorbic acid were  determined to be 59.09 µg/ml and 44.90 µg/ml, respectively. These  findings indicate the potential antioxidant activity of Gymnema  sylvestre extracts, with the hydroalcoholic extract showing the most  promising results in terms of both yield and scavenging activity.  Further investigations are needed to explore the underlying  mechanisms and assess the potential health benefits of these extracts  in various applications.
Application of biopolymers in clothing and fashion
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Jha Adarsh
Published: March 2024

The use of biopolymer fibres in textile technology  predates written human history. Researchers and academics are  looking at plant fabrics for potential use in cutting-edge  technologies because of their low environmental impact and long  lifespan. The use of nonbiodegradable petrochemical materials in  fast fashion's trendy, low-priced clothes has increased in frequency.  The development, manufacturing, and disposal of these materials  have all contributed to environmental degradation. Materials that  incorporate biopolymers are often promoted as biobased,  biodegradable, or possessing all of these qualities. Biopolymers  textiles with improved degradability performance are reviewed, as  is the utilisation of this intelligent bio textile as a low or no-cost  replacement for commercial chemical-based textiles. This book  will also explain how these cutting-edge modelling techniques  might help polymer designers settle on the most optimal solution.  In addition to reducing expenditures on resources, production, and  processing, the entirely biodegradable polymers also provide  support for the textiles industry, Biodegradable polymers' recent  advancement and prospective future uses and trends in the  contemporary biodegradable textiles industry will be discussed.  The transition from synthetic to bio-based materials is inevitable,  although it is happening slowly due to technological hurdles. The  use of biopolymers offers several benefits, including the  manufacture of an eco-friendly final product and lightweight  textiles with cheap production costs. A lot of work has gone into  making bio-textiles that can meet the needs of the future, like  ensuring their superiority in all respects and acquiring textile  substrates with prospective capabilities like antimicrobial,  fireproof, resistant to ultraviolet light, conductive to electricity, and very hydrophobic. We'll be  discussing we'll examine  how eco-friendly  biopolymers can be  incorporated at various points in the textile production process.  Biopolymers are more environmentally conscientious than other  cutting-edge technologies because they could help future  generations save money, energy, and raw resources.
Tooth Tablets: A Review of Formulation Consideration
Authors: Patel Ankita J , Chauhan Jaivin V
Published: March 2024

Toothpaste tablets are small-sized chewable tabletthat can be chewed to paste before brushing once it comes in contactwith saliva. Toothpaste tablets are claimed to be a sustainablealternative to other oral care products, especially toothpaste, andmouthwash. The main concept behind toothpaste tablets is to lowerplastic waste generated after the empty disposal of toothpaste tubes.Toothpaste tablets come in a reusable and refillable jar so a plastic-free approach can be introduced. Though we are unable to promotethe zero-waste management concept we can move towardsminimization of waste. Also, the concept of minimal use ofpreservative is another considerable benefit as toothpaste tablet is asolid dosage form free from water. Water is a main component intoothpaste that gives it a semi-solid consistency which makes it asemisolid dosage form. Currently, In India, there is a growingawareness of proper waste management and the production of eco-friendly products. Nowadays people are using medicated and herbaltoothpaste for the prevention of tooth-related problems. This reviewarticle gives insight into the exploration of tooth tablets as an oralcare product to give eco-friendly, cost-effective, and improveddental health.
"Unlocking the Healing Power of Gramicidin: Exploring Medicinal Marvels, Current Breakthroughs, and Promising Horizons from Bacillus brevis"
Authors: Agam Kunal , Arya Dilip Kumar
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Gramicidin is an antimicrobial peptide that has been  studied extensively in recent years due to its potential as a novel drug  for treating microbial infections. Recent studies have characterized  gramicidin's structure, function, mechanism of action and efficacy  against various bacterial species. In addition, gramicidin-based drugs  have been found to be effective against gram-negative bacteria and  fungi, making them promising candidates for future medical  applications. This review intends to provide an update on the current  knowledge of gramicidin, including its medicinal use and  characterization studies, as well as its potential prospects in the  development of new antimicrobial therapeutics. It will also discuss  some of the challenges and opportunities associated with gramicidin based drugs and their future in the medical field. Ultimately, this  review will provide insight into gramicidin's potential for novel drug  discovery and development. Furthermore, gramicidin has been found  to have a low toxicity profile and is well-tolerated by patients. This  makes gramicidin an attractive candidate for the development of new  antimicrobial agents. Moreover, gramicidin-based drugs have shown  promise in the treatment of gram-negative bacteria and fungi,  providing promising avenues for the development of gramicidin based therapeutics. Finally, gramicidin's potential as a novel drug for  treating microbial infections has been highlighted and there is still  much to be explored in terms of its medicinal uses and prospects in  the medical field. In conclusion, gramicidin has great potential as an  antimicrobial drug and has been characterized extensively in recent  years. With continued research, gramicidin-based drugs could play a significant role in the  development of novel  therapeutics for treating microbial infections in the future.
Rudimentary Review on Molecular Docking: A Beginner’s Guide
Authors: Tiwari Shashank , Prakash Kartikay , Soni Devbrat
Published: March 2024

The computer modelling of structural complexes  generated from two or more interacting molecules are referred to as  molecular docking. It is an indispensable tool in computer-aided drug  design and structural molecular biology. Using this technology, large  libraries of compounds may be digitally screened, and the results can  be graded along with structural assumptions about how the ligands  impact the target's reduction. Recent advances in the synthesis of  anti-infectious medicines prompted by structural insights have  enabled the application of computer-assisted drug design in the quest  for innovative mechanism- or structure-based drugs. Molecular  docking is an important phase in the drug development process  because it determines the best positions for molecules to occupy  when they are coupled together and predicts how effectively two  molecules will bind once they have been docked. The input  structure's design is also critical, and the results are assessed using  sampling methods and scoring systems. The recently developed  docking software Local Move Monte Carlo [LMMC] provides a  strong choice for customizable receptor docking strategies. Docking  is a technique for determining how ligands and proteins interact. It is  structurally sound and compatible with computer-assisted  medication design. Successful docking discovers high-dimensional  spaces and ranks function utilisation, resulting in a candidate docking  rating that is acceptable. It may also be used to screen vast libraries  of molecules and offer structural hypotheses for the process.
Cosmeceuticals: The Fusion of Beauty and Science
Authors: Khan Saba , Yadav Sheela
Published: March 2024

Cosmeceuticals represent an innovative product  category positioned between cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, aimed  at improving both skin health and its aesthetic qualities. As an ever growing sector within the skincare industry, cosmeceuticals are  crafted using a wide range of ingredients, which we will delve into  in this article by categorizing them into primary groups. Given the  increasing interest among consumers in these products and the strong  marketing claims made by manufacturers, physicians must become  acquainted with these agents, and comprehend their benefits,  limitations, and potential adverse effects.
Estimation of Organic Metabolites in Root Knot Nematode-Infested
Authors: Gupta Spinach Shalini
Published: March 2024

The Nematodes contain an enormous phylum of  creatures that incorporates plant and creature parasites as well as  some free-living species. Soil is a rich living space for nematodes,  with around 26% of portrayed genera occupying soil as  bacterivores, fungivores, omnivores, hunters or plant parasites. It  is said that any place there is soil there are nematodes. Nematodes  might harm plants straightforwardly or by implication. As a rule,  the nematode invasion in fields is poly explicit; be that as it may,  contingent on the agro-climatic conditions, a couple of animal  types overwhelms over the rest. Meloidogyne incognita is all  around damaging to practically every one of the plants including  vegetables, foods grown from the ground cereal yields. Spinach  (Spinacea oleracea) is additionally viewed as plagued by  something very similar. Biocontrol with strips of Citrus  aurantifolia (kaghzi neemboo) demonstrated gainful in  controlling the invasion. Different natural metabolites were  assessed in root tie nematode invaded spinach. Among natural  metabolites chlorophyll, absolute carbs, all out free amino acids  were assessed. Root tie nematode invaded spinach was treated  with lemon's strips, which demonstrated valuable as far as  expanded chlorophyll content. Adjusted complete carb and  absolute free amino corrosive substance was found with S/4 of  lemon strips treated spinach plants.
Automation in Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Jain Ashish , Kumar Davinder , Kumar Abhimit , Chauhan Dolly
Published: March 2024

The term “pharmacovigilance,” first proposed in the1970s, has gradually gained traction to become one of the two  common terms of art for the overall discipline, the other, older term  being “drug safety.” “World Health Organization (WHO)” as “the  science and activities relating to the detection, assessment,  understanding and prevention of drug-related problems”. The  information about suspect product is collected from healthcare  providers and patients to detect and prevent abnormalities  associated with it. Therefore, PV deals with adverse effects of drug,  poly-pharmacy, paradoxical reactions, and severe adverse events.  Automation in pharmacovigilance entails using cognitive  technologies such as machine learning (ML) and advanced  analytics to transform legacy data compilation processes and  information gathering for regulatory approval. Automation  technologies have strong potential to automate routine work and  balance resource use across safety risk management and other  pharmacovigilance activities. This article provides an overview of  automation in pharmacovigilance.
Impact of Digitalization on the Healthcare System
Authors: Jain Ashish , Ray Dipendra Kumar , Ranjan Suttu Sneh , Kumar Ashish , Jamwal Yamini
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Digitalization is a pressing necessity with enormous  potential to alter economic growth parameters, forging a mutually  beneficial relationship with employment generation and long-term  sustainability. The domain of healthcare has been moving into the  digital world relatively late and only recently has started with  digitalizing processes and services on a larger scale. Still, the  potential for disruption in the healthcare industry is enormous.  Healthcare digitization brings about many benefits to both patients  and healthcare professionals throughout different stages in the patient  journey. In this paper we review existing impact of digitalization in  healthcare system. Digital health indeed needs to be seen as a broad  concept whereby the purposes of healthcare are served through  technologies that are combined for universal healthcare access,  applications across various multi-disciplinary fields and ecosystems  in healthcare and the health journey of people, as patients  needing (access to) care and as citizens enabled to live healthier and  prevent sickness. We conclude by outlining the implications and  benefits of digitizing healthcare. There is a potential to improve  healthcare by digitalization.
A Review on Some Potential Traditional Phytomedicine with Antidiabetic Properties
Authors: Shukla Swatantra , Gupta Nidhi , Bharatia Rakesh
Published: March 2024

Diabetes is a chronic carbohydrate, lipid, and proteinmetabolic condition characterised by elevated fasting andpostprandial blood sugar levels. The global prevalence of diabetes isexpected to rise from 4% in 1995 to 5.4% by 2025. According toWHO, the majority of the burden will fall on underdevelopedcountries. Plants have been used as a source of medicine sinceprehistoric times. Plants are mentioned in Ayurveda and other Indianliterature as being used in the treatment of many human illnesses.There are over 45000 plant species in India, and thousands of themhave been claimed to have therapeutic characteristics. In recentdecades, research on plants described in ancient literature or usedhistorically for diabetes has revealed anti-diabetic properties.
Review on " Hepatocellular carcinoma"
Authors: Yadav Neha , Gupta Nidhi , Bharatia Rakesh
Published: March 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a problem for the world's  Hepatocellular carcinoma,  metabolic syndrome, stage of  liver cancer local disease, liver  cirrhosis, treatment. syndrome or diabetes  mellitus is increasingly common in the west. Furthermore, HCC with  non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated molecular pathogensis is  distinct. A quarter of all HCCs have potentially treatable mutations  that have not yet been applied in clinical settings. When clinical  deterioration occurs, HCC is frequently detected, and survival is then  assessed as a risk factor. utilizing alfa-fetoprotein (AFP), a serum  maker, frequently in conjunction with ultrasound. The accuracy of  monitoring is currently being improved by testing a number of other  serologic indicators. More advanced imaging techniques, such CT  scan and MRI, which have multiphasic contract enhancing  capabilities, are frequently needed for the diagnosis of HCC. When  serum AFP levels are significantly increased, which happens in less  than half of cases at the time of diagnosis, it can be useful to use  serum AFP alone. When the diagnosis of HCC is still undetermined,  a liver biopsy might be used to confirm the diagnosis. The present  requirement for molecular information, which necessitates tissue or  liquid biopsies, challenges diagnosis based on non-invasive criteria.  The management of patients with advanced HCC has been altered by  recent significant developments. Checkpoint inhibitors, tyrosine, and  even combinations of two immunotherapy treatments are among the  combination medicines that new trials are investigating. The results  of these trials are anticipated to alter the HCC management  environment at all evolutionary stages.
Review on " Current Advancements in Niosomes"
Authors: Bharatia Rakesh , Gupta Nidhi , Upadhyay Preeti , Kumar Shailendra , Kumar Vipul
Published: March 2024

Non-ionic surfactants self-assemble into vesicular systems  called niosomes in aqueous solutions with the help of physical  agitation or high temperatures. Nonionic surfactants, as opposed to  phospholipids, are used as the constituents of the membrane, which  circumvents many of the drawbacks of liposomes, including  inadequate chemical stability, phospholipids' oxidation  susceptibility, high production costs, and the need for particular  handling and storage conditions. Because of their unique shape,  which consists of an inner aqueous compartment encircled by a  hydrophobic membrane, hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug  molecules can be incorporated and delivered, respectively. In  addition, niosomes are biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, and  osmotically active. Niosomes were first proposed as a workable  solution for the cosmetics industry in the 1970s, and in the 1980s,  L'Oreal filed for patents on the ingredient. Their advantageous  qualities establish theIn recent times, there has been a dramatic shift  in the treatment of infectious diseases and vaccination strategies.  Along with the creation of many biologicals targeted at specific  diseases, biotechnology and genetic engineering have also brought  attention to the effective delivery of these biologicals. Niosomes,  which are vesicles made of non-ionic surfactants and less expensive  than liposomes, are biodegradable, harmless, stable, and less  expensive than liposomes. This article summarizes various studies  that have examined the effectiveness of using niosomes for various  diseases.
A Multifaceted Approach to Real Time Online Proctoring with Gaze Tracking, Facial Aspect Ratio Analysis and Object Detection
Authors: Prof. V. Vijaypriya  , Mr. P. M Dhanesh  , Mr. V. Giridhar  , Mr. B. L. Harish
Published: March 2024

The proliferation of online education and examinations has necessitated the development of secure and reliable online proctoring systems to maintain academic integrity. In this research, we propose a comprehensive real-time online proctoring system that leverages gaze movement analysis, facial aspect ratio assessment, and mouth opening status detection to identify potential cheating behaviors during remote exams. Additionally, the system incorporates object detection using the You Only Look Once (YOLO) algorithm to identify prohibited items like phones and books within the examination environment. The gaze movement analysis module employs computer vision techniques, including eye tracking algorithms, implemented using Scipy, to monitor students' eye movements during the examination. By analyzing gaze patterns, the system can detect instances of prolonged off-screen viewing, flagging potential attempts to access unauthorized materials. The facial aspect ratio analysis component utilizes facial landmarks to calculate the aspect ratio of key facial features. This approach aids in detecting abnormal head movements or deviations from typical facial expressions, which may indicate dishonest behavior. Furthermore, the proctoring system incorporates mouth opening status detection, using a deep learning algorithms, to identify instances of verbal communication or whispering during the exam. In addition to gaze and facial analysis, our system integrates the YOLO object detection algorithm to identify phones and books in the examination environment. By employing a pre-trained YOLO model, the system can efficiently detect and flag any unauthorized items within the students' vicinity. This multi-faceted system contributes to enhancing the integrity and security of remote examinations in the digital education era
Influence of Copper Oxide Nano-particles on Power and Combustion Characteristics of Industrial Waste Water Sourced Diesel Fuel.
Authors: Bakari Umar Faruk , Abubakar Babajo Umar , Bello Muktar , Kirim Iliyasu Idris
Published: March 2024

With the UN global target of achieving the net zero emissions by 2050, and the world energy demands, it is necessary to transit to renewable sources of energy. In this paper, Base fuel (BF) was extracted from the effluent discharge of Lube oil Nigeria using effluent management plant. A CuO nano particle synthesized from copper acetate and sodium hydroxide precursors was dispersed into the Base Fuel with varying percentage weights of 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt %, and 0.4 wt% by ultra sonication and the Nano copper fuels were labeled as BF.1, BF.2, BF.3 and BF.4, the nano fuel with 0.1wt% (BF.1) presented the best physico chemical properties of 0.883, 883.0, 109.2, 13.85, 123.0, 6.12,223 and -10.6 for Specific gravity @ 15°C, Density @ 15°C, Kg/m3, KV @ 40°C, cSt, KV @ 100°C, cSt, Viscosity Index (VI), TBN mg KOH/g, Flash Point (°C) and Pour Point, (°C) respectively. BF, BF.1 and ASTM SAE 40 were then tested on a diesel engine test rig at various engine speeds of 1500 rpm, 2000 rpm, and 2500 rpm and loads of 3, 6 and 9kg respectively. It was found that that performance and emission characteristics can be increased with the addition of 0.1 wt% Cu O nano-particle. The thermal efficiency (TE) increased by 2.80%, 4.48% and 3.13% respectively for BF, BF.1 and the Control sample. This is accompanied by an increased in the BMEP by 2.69%, 0.10% for the BF.1 and control while a reduction of 2.56% was observed for BF at the maximum load. The BF.1 shows 0.46% less NOx and Smoke emission was all most 4.3% less for BF.1 when compared to BF. At maximum load of 9kg, the CO emission BF.1 is lower than that of BF by 0.42%, the Nox emission was reduced by 9.28% and the CO2 is reduced by 0.41%.
Vinsers’ Tales: A Phenomenological Study on Motivation, Attitude and Self-Efficacy in ESL Learning of Selected Grade 11 Learners
Authors: Nam Nguyễn Đình , Labang Abelgas Erica Mae , Phương Nguyễn Huy , Panilaga Esmero John Kim , Phúc Lưu Phạm Hồng , Long Trần Đức , Khánh Nguyễn Gia
Published: March 2024

English as a Secondary Language (ESL) has grown globally due to globalization and international communication, but challenges such as low motivation, attitude, and self-efficacy hinder successful language learning. This study aims to explore the perceptions and experiences of Grade 11 learners at Vinschool Ocean Park regarding their motivation, attitude, and confidence in their own ability to learn English as a second language. It also aims to pinpoint the causes of these views and create a helpful and efficient system of support. A qualitative approach was used in this study, with semi-structured interviews conducted with selected Vinsers. Sampling was purposive, based on factors such as learners' levels of proficiency, their history with English language instruction, and their attitudes towards learning. Thematic analysis was used to examine the data. Further, the study revealed that motivation, attitude, and self-efficacy play crucial roles in determining the success of ESL learning. The results offered valuable insights into the personal and social factors that impact ESL learning.
Future Prediction for Tax Complaints to Turkish Ombudsman by Models from Polynomial Regression and Parametric Distribution
Authors: Çankaya Mehmet Niyazi , Aydın Murat
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to forecast the amount of tax complaints filed with the Turkish Ombudsman in the future and whether or not policymakers require a specific tax Ombudsman. The polynomial regression for discrete data set is proposed to fit the number of events of tax complaints in the period from years $2013$ to $2021$. The artificial data set is generated by models which are polynomial regression and parametric distribution. The location, scale and shape parameters are determined according to the smallest value between the observed and predicted dependent variable. After determining the smallest value for the tried values of shape parameter and the parameters of polynomial regression, the best value determined by grid search for shape parameter is around $1.07$. Thus, the heavy-tailed from of exponential power distribution is gained. The artificial data sets are generated and sorted from the smallest to biggest ones. The maximum values are around $700$ and $800$ which can be regarded as future prediction because the distance among observations is taken into account by models from polynomial regression and parametric distribution. Since the polynomial regression and the parametric models are used simultaneously for modelling, the distance among observations can also be modelled by parametric model as an alternative approach provided.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA KAMBOJA (Plumeria acuminata L.) DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI ACNE
Authors: Yuniarti Rafita , Dalimunthe Gabena Indrayani , Lubis Minda Sari , Arianti Sellin Arina
Published: March 2024

Cambodian flower (Plumeria acuminata L.) contains antioxidant and antibacterial properties, namely flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids and glycosides. Kanboja flower ethanol extract (EEBK) was formulated into cream preparations because it tends to be more desirable and more efficient in its use. The research objectives were to formulate frangipani flower ethanol extract as cream soap and to test its activity against acne-causing bacteria. The research methods included: phytochemical screening, simplicia characterization of frangipani flowers, maceration of ethanol extract of frangipani flowers with 96% ethanol solvent, test activity of extracts against acne-causing bacteria by agar diffusion, formulation of cream preparations, test activity of preparations against acne-causing bacteria by diffusion agar. , and evaluation of preparations included: organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, physical stability test, emulsion type test, viscosity test, and irritation test on volunteers. Based on the research results, phytochemical screening of EEBK and frangipani flower simplicia powder has active compounds such as: alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids and glycosides. The results of the simplicia characterization of frangipani flowers have a water content of 7.99%, a water-soluble extract content of 26.22%, and an ethanol-soluble extract content of 10.57%. The cream evaluation results in the pH test ranged from 6.0 to 6.1, the viscosity test was between 208-226 mPas, and the physical stability test for 35 days did not change in color, smell, and shape. while the test results of antibacterial activity of the cream on the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes formula I with a concentration of 5% did not produce an inhibition zone, formula II with a concentration of 10% produced an inhibition zone of 8.95 mm -+ 3.79 and formula III with a concentration of 15% produced an inhibition zone of 15, 35 mm -+ 2.59. The conclusion of all the evaluation test results above meet the requirements according to the Indonesian National Standard (1994)
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERTUMBUHAN KULTUR SEL CHO (Chinase Hamster Ovarium) PADA PEMBUATAN OBAT TRASTUZUMAB DI PT. BIO FARMA
Authors: Silitonga Maringan , Chandra Devina , Fitri Raissa , Nanda Farahlina
Published: March 2024

This study examines what factors can affect the growth of CHO cell cultures which are often used in biological and medical research and commercially in the production of therapeutic proteins. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CHO cells were able to grow and reproduce with the process flow and manufacturing method of drug preparations in accordance with the requirements of the applicable legislation. The workings of this research are divided into two stages, namely the microbiological stage and the biotechnology stage. The microbiological stage begins with making a working culture, then purification is carried out for culture rejuvenation, harvesting, cell culture breakdown, and purification of target cells. At the biotechnology stage, protein measurements were carried out, Optical Density 600 observations, polyacrylamide gel SDS electrophoresis, and gel electrophoresis staining.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR THE ROLE OF AI AND MACHINE LEARNING IN WATER CYBERSECURITY: INSIGHTS FROM AFRICAN AND U.S. APPLICATIONS
Authors: Fatai Adeshina Adelani  , Enyinaya Stefano Okafor  , Boma Sonimiteim Jacks  , Olakunle Abayomi Ajala
Published: March 2024

This review paper explores the theoretical frameworks underpinning the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in enhancing cybersecurity within the water sector, with a focus on both African and U.S. contexts. It delves into the unique cybersecurity challenges faced by the water sector, emphasizing the critical role of AI and ML in identifying, predicting, and mitigating cyber threats. The paper discusses the ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks influencing the deployment of these technologies alongside the technical, socioeconomic, and data privacy challenges encountered. Future directions and emerging trends in AI and ML that could impact water cybersecurity are examined, offering insights into potential research areas and strategies for overcoming existing barriers. This comprehensive review underscores the importance of integrating AI and ML into water cybersecurity strategies to safeguard critical water infrastructure.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Water Cybersecurity, Ethical Considerations, Regulatory Frameworks, Emerging Trends.
Effectiveness of Applying Anti-Aging Cream with Lemon Peel Extract (Citrus Limon) in Inhibiting the Skin Aging Process of Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Exposed to Ultra Violet-B Rays
Authors: Nurlatipah Sifa , Halim Yeni , Gunawan Sebayang Robby
Published: March 2024

Aging is a gradual physiological change in an organism that results in senescence or a reduction in biological function and the ability of the organism to respond to metabolic stress. Aging occurs in cells, organs, or the entire organism over time; the study of the aging process seeks to understand and regulate all elements that contribute to an individual's life constraints. The predominant acute consequence of UV radiation on normal human skin is sunburn-induced inflammation (erythema). The overall goal of this study is to examine and test the efficacy of applying an anti-aging cream containing lemon peel extract (Citrus limon) in preventing the aging process of mouse skin. Wistar strain (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to ultraviolet-B light. The specific goal of this study is to investigate the efficacy of applying lemon peel extract (Citrus limon) cream at 5%, 10%, and 15% concentrations in preventing the aging process of rat skin exposed to UV-B radiation.
The Audience of The City at Dawn Performance
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), Mashukova A.V.
Published: March 2024

The phenomenon of the Moscow State Theatre Studio under the direction of Alexei Arbuzov and Valentin Pluchek, which in February 1941 produced the play The City at Dawn about the construction of Komsomolsk-on-Amur, can be viewed from different angles. One of the most important aspects is the relationship between the creators of the play and its audience. This article examines a series of issues: who the audience of the play was, what response the play, written collectively by the students of the studio, found in the public, how the audience perceived the aesthetic innovations of The City at Dawn, and if the ambition of the Arbuzov Studio to become the ‘voice of the generation’ who graduated from schools and universities in the late 1930s and went off to war in 1941, was finally realized. The article publishes (mostly for the first time) the texts of letters and notes sent by the audience to the members of the Arbuzov Studio, the answers to questionnaires that the audience was asked to fill out, and the quotes from the studio journal of observations of the performance.
Restoration of Lost Film Heritage on the Example of Dziga Vertov’s Film Anniversary of the Revolution
Authors:   S.A. Gerasimov All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK), Izvolov N.A. ,   State Institute for Art Studies
Published: March 2024

In 2018, the author of this article discovered in the Russian State Documentary Film and Photo Archive and restored Dziga Vertov’s debut film Anniversary of the Revolution (1918), which film historians had considered lost up until then. The event aroused great interest among the press, the festival audience, the student audience, and the academic community in both Vertov himself and the film. After numerous screenings of the film in Russia and abroad, a large number of interviews appeared which touched upon various aspects of Dziga Vertov’s life and work, film storage practices, archival research methods, the principles of film restoration, the ethics of the researcher’s intrusion into other people’s material, as well as the financial and technical sides of the matter. The questions in those interviews were often repeated. In this article, the author systematizes and summarizes the information in the answers to the questions, scattered across individual materials. Why did this film disappear at some point? Why was the film not stored complete? How was the restoration of the film going? What is this film, the first work of the world-famous documentary filmmaker? The value of the film is that it provides a new visual source for the study of Russian history, as well as makes an important contribution to the study of the history of Russian and world documentary filmmaking.