bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ortodoks Marksizmde Adalet Kavramı Bağlamında Modern Devletin Gelişimi
Authors: Zabunoğlu Hamdi Gökçe
Published: March 2024

Bu makalede, modern devlet biçiminin gelişimine yönelik ana akım Marksist yaklaşımın gelişimi ve bunun adalet kavramıyla ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Makalenin ilk bölümünde Marx’ın Hegel eleştirisi tartışılmıştır. Marx, Hegel’in idealizmine karşı çıkarak modern devletin ortaya çıkmasına neden olan şeyin insanların toplumsal faaliyeti olarak tanımlanan sivil toplum olduğunu, bunun tersinin geçerli olamayacağını ileri sürer. Yine Marx, Hegel’in “evrensel sınıf” olarak isimlendirdiği bürokrasiyi, sözde evrensel sınıf olarak kabul eder. Marx’a göre Hegel’in kavram ve tarih arasındaki kurduğu ilişki tersine çevrilmelidir. Makale devamında, Marx’ın Smith’in klasik politik iktisat düşüncesiyle karşılaşmasının ve Marx’ın teorisinin Smith’in teorisinden nasıl üretilmiş olduğunu araştırmaktadır. Makale, devlet ve toplum ayrımının Marksist teori içerisinde kapitalist toplumun özgürleşmesinden önceki dönem olan mutlakiyetçi devlet döneminde meydana gelen değişiklikleri tanımlamak için kullanıldığı ve mutlakiyetçiliğin klasik Marksist tasvirini Carl Schmitt’in mutlakiyetçi devlet egemenliğine ilişkin Hobbesçu analiziyle karşılaştırılmasıyla varılan kapitalizmin ortaya çıkışının devlet ve toplumun ayrılmasından ziyade burjuvazinin egemenliği altında yeniden birleştiği ana işaret ettiği iddiasıyla sona ermektedir.
Uluslararası İlişkilerde Taşeron Savaş ve Patron- Klient İlişkisi: ABD-PYD/YPG İş Birliği Örneği
Authors: Ertem Helin Sarı
Published: March 2024

Bu makale, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ile, Suriye’deki rejim muhalifi PYD (Demokratik Birlik Partisi) ve onun silahlı kolu YPG (Halk Koruma Birlikleri) arasındaki “Patron-Klient İlişkisi”ni (PKİ), taşeron savaş (surrogate warfare) literatürü eşliğinde değerlendirmekte ve aralarındaki nedenselliği ve zamansallığı, süreç takibi yöntemi ile ortaya koymaktadır. Makalenin üç özgün çabası vardır: 1) Türkiye’deki dış politika çalışmalarında PKİ literatürünü ve temel tartışma noktalarını görünür kılmak; 2) Taşeron savaş ile vekâlet savaşını karşılaştırmalı bir analize tabi tutarak, özellikle taşeron savaşın PKİ literatürü ile sentezinin mümkün olduğunu ortaya koymak; 3) Ulusal/Uluslararası literatürde teorik ve kavramsal açıdan kısıtlı bir şekilde incelenmiş olan ABD-PYD/YPG ilişkisini taşeron savaş ve PKİ kapsamında analiz etmek; bu sayede, “patron” büyük güçler ile, “klient” silahlı devlet-dışı aktörler (SDDA) arasındaki ilişkilere dair bulgulara ulaşmaktır. Çalışmaya göre, patron ABD, Suriye’de, klient örgüt PYD/YPG vasıtasıyla taşeron savaş yürüterek daha az maliyetle, daha hızlı sonuç almaya çalışmaktadır. İç savaş ortamında, ABD’den para, askeri teçhizat ve eğitim alan PYD/YPG ise, kara harekâtı kapsamında yerel kaynaklarını ABD’nin hizmetine sunarken, itaatkâr davranmakta ve karşı bir gündem oluşturmamaktadır. 2014’ten bu yana devam eden ABD-PYD/YPG iş birliği, başta Türkiye olmak üzere, çeşitli aktörlerin itirazlarına rağmen, PKİ’nin kriterleri arasında olan dayanıklılık şartını da sağlamış durumdadır.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy of a smartphone application for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) self-examination in follow-up of the patients compared to routine Outpatient Department-based follow-up: a clinical interventional study
Authors: Dadgal Komal Vilas , Mohod Swapnil C. , Lohe Vidya , Patel Shraddha
Published: March 2024

Background: Sushruta (600 B.C.) described a condition called "Vidari" linked with progressive narrowing of mouth, depigmentation of the oral mucosa, and pain on taking food, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). In 1952, Schwartz called this illness, which affected five Indian women existing in Kenya, "atrophica idiopathica mucosae oris." Pindborg and Sirsat coined the term "oral submucous fibrosis" in 1966, which is still in use today. With an overall Indian prevalence rate of between 0.2–0.5%, OSMF is primarily found in India and Southeast Asia, according to global estimations. Patients with OSMF need regular follow-ups and to maintain this follow-up it is not always possible for the patient to visit a dental clinic. Hence developing a smartphone-based application for the follow-up of OSMF will be of great value to the patients. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone application on OSMF self-examination in the follow-up of patients.

Methods: There will be three phases of the research. The first phase will be the development of a smartphone-based application for the follow-up of patients with OSMF. The second phase will be distribution and training the patients regarding the usage of the application and the third phase will be evaluating the effectiveness of the smartphone application in maintaining the follow-up of the patients.

Expected results: The follow-up of patients with OSMF is expected to be better and feasible using a smartphone application as compared to regular Outpatient Department-based follow-up.

Conclusions: Designing a mobile application for the ease of users presents difficulties since it must take accessibility into account, which influences how well the application is received by users. The goal of OSMF examination awareness facilitation and intervention is to raise public knowledge. Educational activities significantly contribute to the advancement of information, convictions, and OSMF screening practice.

CTRI registration: CTRI/2023/06/054514 (registration pending)
A survey of water chemistry used in zebrafish facilities and their effects on early zebrafish development
Authors: Porteus Cosima S. , Waples Ella , Dempsey Anna , Paull Gregory , Wilson Rod W.
Published: March 2024

Background There are a variety of published standard methods and water chemistry recommendations for zebrafish (Danio rerio) husbandry, but empirical evidence for their justification is often lacking, as is information on some variables that have important biological effects on fish. Importantly, these different recommendations could contribute to variability in results and fish welfare between or within institutions. Methods Here we document the current range of water chemistry used by various research institutions around the world and report initial findings on their effects on the development and growth of zebrafish. Over 40 institutes responded to a survey that revealed a large variation in water chemistry used for zebrafish husbandry including differences in the set-points and acceptable ranges for temperature, pH and conductivity. In subsequent experiments, zebrafish (D. rerio, WIK) embryos/larvae exposed to a large range of salt concentrations (50μM to 10mM Na+ or 30 – 2500 μS/cm) and CO2 levels (400 – 8,000 μatm). Results Larvae exposed to the lowest salt concentration (5 μM Na+ or < 30μS/cm) had a slower response to touch and their swim bladders were not inflated. Larvae exposed to 5-100 μM Na+ were 5 % shorter in total body length than those exposed to higher salt concentrations (>100 μM Na+). Zebrafish embryo/larvae exposed to intermediate pCO2 values (~2000 μatm) were 1 to 3.5% longer than those exposed to either ambient (400 μatm) or higher (4000 μatm) pCO2, but pCO2 did not affect developmental endpoints up to 4 dpf. Conclusions Overall, we highlight the magnitude of variation in water chemistry used within zebrafish research and provide some empirical evidence to show that not all of these water conditions might be optimal for developing zebrafish and reproducibility of research, although further research is necessary to determine longer-term effects of water chemistry on older larvae, juveniles and adults.
Comparative evaluation of marginal fit, internal fit and cement space of single unit lithium disilicate crown with shoulder finish line by two different methods of fabrication
Authors: Selukar Madhavi , Godbole Dubey. Surekha , Sathe Kambla Seema
Published: March 2024

Background The coming era will be governed by technology. Computer aided designing (CAD) & computer aided manufacturing (CAM) dentistry is taking over the conventional dental practice establishing a benchmark in esthetics, quality and fit of the prosthesis. The fabrication of prosthesis by digital methods reduces the efforts in fabrication and time required for designing the prosthesis. Aim This protocol aims at checking the marginal fit, internal fit and cement space of lithium disilicate crowns by comparing the two different methods of fabrication. To evaluate and compare marginal fit, internal fit and cement space of single unit “lithium disilicate crown” with shoulder finish line with two different methods of fabrication. Methods The current study is the experimental study conducted at Sharad Pawar dental college and Hospital. The protocol has been approved by the Ethical institutional committee with ref.no.DMIHER(DU)/IEC/2023/851. All the 54 participants who will visit the O.P.D of department of prosthodontics crown & bridge will be included in the study which will be conducted over a period of two years, the subjects will be informed about the research and written consent will be taken. The inclusion criteria for this study are patients aged 18-54 years in the need of full veneer maxillary incisors crown prosthesis. All the comparative results will be calculated with the help of stereomicroscope and descriptive statistics will be performed. Expected results The expected outcome or result proposed will be, the crown fabricated with CAD-CAM will give good fit compared to pressed method. Conclusions Finding the accuracy in the fit and cement space of lithium disilicate crowns by conventional and digital method of fabrication will help the prosthodontist to deliver good results.
Rural household resilience to food insecurity in Majang Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Zerihun Shibru , Mulugeta Mesay , Abi Meskerem
Published: March 2024

Background Due to shocks and stressors brought on by both natural and man-made events, households that depend on subsistence agriculture frequently experience uncertainty about guaranteeing their food security. The modern strategy for achieving food security in the face of shocks depends on identifying the variables that affect resilience and working to increase rural households’ capacity to withstand shocks related to food insufficiency. The goal of this study was to evaluate how resilient households were to food insecurity and its determinants. Methods From primary and secondary sources, cross-sectional data of both quantitative and qualitative types were gathered. The data acquired through surveys from 320 households was analyzed using a multivariate analytical method that included principal component analysis (PCA) and OLS regression. To bolster the findings, data from focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) was substantially utilized. Results According to the findings of the analysis, 40% and 60% of households, respectively, become resilient and non-resilient. All but the stability parameter significantly impacted resilience. Resilience to food insecurity is significantly increased by an increase of 2.128, 1.697, 0.648, 0.363, and 0.158 units in the adoption of agricultural technology, asset ownership, access to essential services, and adaptive capacity, respectively. On the other hand, the stability dimension negatively impacts resilience, with each additional unit lowering households’ capacity for resilience by 0.155 units. Conclusions The study suggests that to reduce both short-term and long-term shocks and stresses of food insecurity and to increase the capacity for resilience, the government’s policies and programs and those of other development partners must focus on building the main components of resilience.
Factors affecting community ambulation post-stroke: a mapping review protocol
Authors: Bansal Kanika , Morgan-Daniel Jane , Chatterjee Sudeshna A. , Rose Dorian K.
Published: March 2024

Background Most stroke survivors consider community ambulation an essential but unmet goal of their recovery. Historically, interventions to enhance community ambulation have focused on improving biomechanical impairments of gait; however, recent evidence suggests that biopsychosocial and environmental factors may impact community ambulation, even beyond more obvious physical impairments. The identification of factors that pose as significant facilitators or barriers to community ambulation may serve to guide stakeholders in designing relevant and evidence-based interventions for improving community ambulation post-stroke. Objective This review aims to map the type and extent of existing evidence on the physical, biopsychosocial, and environmental factors affecting community ambulation post-stroke. Additionally, this review will describe the various methods used to examine the extent to which stroke survivors are restricted to community ambulation. Methods Nine databases will be searched including CINAHL, PubMed, and Web of Science. We will include studies published in English during or after 2001. Studies that examine physical, biopsychosocial, and/or environmental factors affecting community ambulation in ambulatory adults at least six months post-stroke will be considered for inclusion. Studies that assess general physical activity or community mobility through transportation modes other than walking will be excluded. All identified records will be collated in citation management software, followed by steps of deduplication, title/abstract screening, and full-text reviews by at least two independent reviewers. The bibliographies of the extracted studies will also be reviewed for relevant articles. The extracted studies will be analyzed, critically appraised, and presented in tabular, narrative, and evidence map formats. Discussion The evidence gained will be used to build a framework for community ambulation, informing stakeholders to develop meaningful interventions to improve community ambulation. The mapped evidence will motivate future studies to develop holistic approaches that specifically focus on the most vital factors that influence post-stroke community ambulation.
Prevalence and determinants of anaemia during the second or third trimester of pregnancy in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Ahmed Shamim , Hasan Mohammed Imrul , Rahman A M Quaiyum , Bhuiyan Mohammad Saiful Alam , Tipu S M Mulk Uddin , Braat Sabine , McLean Alistair R D , Arifeen Shams El , Hamadani Jena D , Pasricha Sant-Rayn , Davidson Eliza M
Published: March 2024

Background Anaemia in pregnancy remains a critical global health problem and has long-term adverse health outcomes for both the mother and child. In developing countries like Bangladesh, there has been limited progress in reducing the burden of anaemia in pregnancy. This community-based survey will provide insight into the prevalence and determinants of anaemia during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods This cross-sectional survey will be conducted in three Upazilas (sub-districts) in rural Bangladesh. A total of 1,500 pregnant women will be recruited in second and third trimester, calculated from last menstrual period. The primary outcome is to determine the prevalence of anaemia (Hb<11 g/dL); haemoglobin will be measured in venous blood by HemoCue. The association between iron deficiency and anaemia will be determined, and the role of drinking water iron level in anaemia aetiology will be explored. Key secondary outcomes include the prevalence of moderate (Hb <10 g/dL) and severe anaemia (Hb <7 g/dL), iron deficiency (ferritin <15 mg/L), and iron deficiency anaemia (concurrent iron deficiency and anaemia). Detailed information on socioeconomic status, current and past pregnancies, knowledge on nutrition and anaemia, water-sanitation-hygiene and maternal mental health status will be collected. Conclusions This study will provide comprehensive information on the prevalence and determinants of anaemia in second and third trimester of pregnancy, and inform anaemia intervention strategies to improve maternal and child health outcomes. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Ethical Review Committee of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) and the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Melbourne, Australia. The results will be actively disseminated through reports and presentations to stakeholders, symposiums and scientific publications. Registration The protocol is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621000982819; 26/07/2021).
Development of a core outcome set for maternal and perinatal health research and surveillance in light of emerging and ongoing epidemic threats
Authors: Pingray Veronica , Klein Karen , Alonso Juan Pedro , Belizan María , Radice Gabriella , Babinska Magdalena , Berrueta Mabel , Bonet Mercedes
Published: March 2024

Background Maternal and perinatal health is often directly and indirectly affected during infectious disease epidemics. Yet, a lack of evidence on epidemics' impact on women and their offspring delays informed decision-making for healthcare providers, pregnant women, women in the post-pregnancy period and policy-makers. To rapidly generate evidence in these circumstances, we aim to develop a Core Outcome Set (COS) for maternal and perinatal health research and surveillance in light of emerging and ongoing epidemic threats. Methods We will conduct a Systematic Review and a four-stage modified Delphi expert consensus. The systematic literature will aim to inform experts on outcomes reported in maternal and perinatal research and surveillance during previous epidemics. The expert consensus will involve two individual, anonymous online surveys to rate outcomes' importance and suggest new ones, one virtual meeting to discuss disagreements, and one in-person meeting to agree on the final COS, outcomes definitions and measurement methods. Four panels will be established to participate in the modified Delphi with expertise in (a) maternal and perinatal health, (b) neonatal health, (c) public health and emergency response, and (d) representation of civil society. We will recruit at least 20 international experts for each stakeholder group, with diverse backgrounds and gender, professional, and geographic balance. Only highly-rated outcomes (with at least 80% of ratings being 7–9 on a 9-point Likert scale) and no more than 10% of low ratings (1–3) will be included in the final COS. Conclusions Implementing this COS in future maternal and perinatal research and surveillance, especially in the context of emerging and ongoing epidemic threats, will facilitate the rapid and systematic generation of evidence. It will also enhance the ability of policy-makers, healthcare providers, pregnant women and women in the post-pregnancy period and their families to make well-informed choices in challenging circumstances.
Health professionals’ quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in the community: Impact on physical, mental, and social well-being
Authors: Argyriadis Alexandros , Patelarou Athina , Kitsona Vasiliki , Patelarou Evridiki , Argyriadi Agathi
Published: March 2024

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2) that caused the pandemic since March 2020, has affected among others, health professionals who work in coronavirus (COVID-19) units by facing social discrimination. The aim of this study was to record the experiences of health professionals working in the first line of treatment of the pandemic, to analyse the effects of the pandemic on the interpersonal relationships of health professionals, and to ask about the stigma they faced during their work with people with COVID-19. Methods This is a qualitative study with an ethnographic approach based on 160 semi- structured interviews with health professionals living and working in the Epirus Region, Greece. For data collection we used semi-structured interviews, discussions and participatory observation. Specifically, the interviews were conducted on health professionals and more specifically doctors, nurses, rescuers, physiotherapists and administrative staff, working in COVID-19 units at the University General Hospital of Ioannina (Reference hospital for Ioannina, in Epirus), which assists in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, and in the branch of the rescue department of Ioannina. Results The data were analysed in four thematic units based on their common characteristics: a) emotions and experiences of health professionals, b) interpersonal relations of health professionals, c) social exclusion and discrimination, and d) health professionals as patients. The results showed that the main emotions that health professionals experienced when they were moved to COVID-19 clinics were fear, anxiety, distress, anger and insecurity. Conclusions To conclude, health professionals faced discriminating behaviours and stigma both from their families and social environment, and from other health professionals. The government struggled to handle the situation in keeping a balance between both the security and well-being of health professionals as it was not prepared for a pandemic like this.
Time to normalise protected characteristics in written assessments: A mixed methods study
Authors: Shepherd Adam , Bott Sam , Abdullah Laila , Hearn Russell
Published: March 2024

Background Despite increasing endeavours to incorporate teaching material on healthcare for minority groups into medical school curricula, including cultural competency, there is a lack of research exploring medical students' comprehension of this. With age and gender as the only demographic information routinely provided in undergraduate single best answer (SBA) questions, the diversity of patients encountered by doctors in clinical practice is not fairly represented in assessments. This study examined the impact of not declaring gender or explicitly indicating LGBT+ identities and ethnicity, on how medical students evaluate clinical scenarios through SBA questions. Methods 200 medical students across clinical years completed 15 SBA questions in an online simulated exam. Participants were randomised to control and test groups testing different types of patient demographic information in question stems. Results Linear regression modelling demonstrated overall statistically nonsignificant differences between groups. The largest effect size was seen in the LGBT+ question intervention group, which had the fewest white and postgraduate participants. Older and more senior medical students performed better generally. White participants overall significantly outperformed non-white participants; this difference was eliminated when answering a mix of question styles. Using a mix of question styles produced statistically significant differences, with participants scoring worse on LGBT+ and ethnicity style questions. Conclusion Increased depth and breadth of clinical experience enables medical students to approach clinical scenarios with more flexibility. Unfamiliarity with minority patient groups may have impacted their performance in this study. For medical education to remain contemporary in preparing future clinicians to interact with diverse patient groups, assessments need to normalise the presence of these patients.
Conspiracy beliefs and social media: Addressing a systemic risk
Authors: Lebrun Maxime , Dumur-Laanila Hanne , Nielen Gwenda , Hernández Escayola Pablo
Published: March 2024

Conspiracy beliefs are an important lever for hybrid threat activity. It presents a risk for liberal democratic governance at multiple levels. The widespread circulation of conspiracy beliefs on social media contributes to discrediting sources of authority, science, and expertise. This article addresses the circulation of conspiracy beliefs on social media as a systemic risk. Because social media companies operate within a legal loophole of facilitating illegal and harmful content, they have become the primary medium for the spreading of conspiracy beliefs. This article suggests closing the legal loophole since it provides a space for potential hybrid threat activity. Social media companies should be made responsible for content published through their services in a similar fashion to that of regular news media. It explores the extent to which regulation of social media could be a systemic response to the challenge of conspiratorialism as a space for hybrid threat activity directed at our democratic societies.
Artistic expression as a property of resonant musical experience: an interview study with upper secondary school music teachers
Authors: Tullberg Markus
Published: March 2024

Background The concept of artistic expression is present in the curriculum for upper secondary school music program in Sweden. Being a criterion for assessment, no definition is provided by the National Agency of Education and there exists no consensus of how to interpret artistic expression among music teachers and music teacher students. Methods In order to explore how teachers understand, teach, and assess the concept and phenomenon of artistic expression, twelve qualitative interviews with music teachers were conducted and analyzed through an open coding process. Results The findings show that the concept of artistic expression is multifaceted and evasive. The results focus on two analytic threads: (i) situatedness and (ii) entanglement. (i) AE is situated due to context-specific parameters which underpins the meaning of the concept in this particular educational setting. (ii) Furthermore, the phenomenon of artistic expression is entangled (a) with the ongoing relationship between teacher and student, and (b) in a temporally unfolding and interactive musical event. The phenomenon of artistic expression as entangled is discussed, primarily through Hartmut Rosa’s concept of resonance, which brings into focus the intersubjective character of aesthetic experience. Doing so questions understandings of – and assessment procedures surrounding – artistic expression that relies on skill-based interpretations or reductions of entanglement. One example of such reduction is assessment of recordings of student performances which limits the (a) relational perspective (if assessed by a third person) or (b) the entanglement with the musical event. The perspective of resonance brings forth the teacher’s role during a student performance as characterized by self-efficacy and active listening, thus co-constitutive of artistic expression. Conclusions The article concludes with reflections on how the findings may contribute to the continuous discussion on how scientific grounding and proven experience may inform both the music education at upper secondary school and music teacher education. The concept of resonance provides a possibility to reframe conceptions of artistic competence in art education as being grounded in intersubjective and relational terms, rather than being reified as a set of measurable skills, an understanding which in turn risks replacing learning with criteria compliance.
Togetherness in musical interaction
Authors: Bishop Laura
Published: March 2024

Playing music as part of a group is challenging, but also rewarding. What factors come together to maximize rewarding group playing experiences? How do feelings of enjoyment, frustration, and social (dis)connection shape group performance as it unfolds? This paper addresses these questions with a discussion of the conditions and processes that underlie rewarding experiences in musical interaction. The concept of musical togetherness is introduced, and defined as the feelings of social connection and pleasure that result from being and acting as part of a group during musical interaction. It is argued that three conditions must be fulfilled for togetherness experiences to occur. First, participants in an interactive setting must be aware of one another as intentional co-performers capable of exchanging expressive ideas. Second, interaction must unfold reliably in real-time, allowing for a mutual perception of liveness. Third, participants must adapt and build off of one another in a way that allows for mutual perception of responsivity. Whether these conditions are met is codetermined by the constraints of the environment in which the interaction takes place and the skills and communication techniques that interaction participants are able to deploy. Togetherness experiences are further supported by alignment between group members in body rhythms and a sense of we-agency, or the feeling of shared contribution to the collective musical output. The social and emotional rewards that are associated with musical togetherness are strengthened through a shared positive emotional response to successful interaction. Musical togetherness is hypothesized to contribute to shaping group performance in real-time by motivating group members to interact in ways that lead them to feel more together. This framework provides structure for a construct that has been used casually in the music psychology literature, has implications for how the performance behaviour of ensemble musicians is understood.
THYROID STATUS IN WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE LIVING UNDER MILD IODINE DEFICIENCY CONDITIONS
Authors: Stepanova Evgenia M.
Published: March 2024

Purpose. This study aimed to examine thyroid picture in twenty-five women of reproductive age (18-35 years old, mean age 27.28 ±0.23 yrs) living in conditions of moderate iodine deficiency but being not diagnosed with obvious thyroid.
Materials and Methods. A Beckman Coulter Dx1800 analyzer was applied to perform a serum marker test for thyroid gland performance level with the immunochemiluminescent method using paramagnetic particles. A Toshiba Aplio 500 unit was used for thyroid gland ultrasound examination with a linear sensor.
Results. The pituitary-thyroid analysis showed no severe impairment in the examined women. Of all the 25 subjects, 8 women (32%) reported a normally high level of TSH (2.0–4.2 mME/L), which may indicate minimal thyroid insufficiency seen in its early, mild stage. We analyzed the content of hormones depending on the TSH variables, and found a statistically significant decrease in the integral thyroid index ITI (p=0.0001) in examinees with normally high TSH levels, which also indicated the initial stage of hypothyroidism, in spite of the individual blood serum iodothyronines lying within the reference ranges. The tendency to the raised free T3 concentration with a fall in free T4 showed a strong link to an increase in the processes of peripheral conversion of iodothyronines in subjects with higher TSH levels.
By the thyroid gland ultrasound examination we revealed no structural disorders or pathologies in 18 of 25 women (72%); 5 women (20%) exhibited single or multiple cysts in different localities of the organ; 2 women (8%) demonstrated signs of autoimmune thyroiditis with grade 1 hyperplasia; and 1 woman (4%) had a node of the thyroid gland.
Conclusion. The research showed the necessity to conduct assessment studies on thyroid performance in groups at special risk for developing iodine deficit diseases, especially in women of reproductive age who are planning pregnancy and living in conditions of moderate iodine deficiency.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTENSITY OF GROWTH OF JERSEY BREED HEIFERS DURING ONTOGENESIS ON THEIR MILK PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Oleinik Sergey A. , Lesnyak Artem V.
Published: March 2024

Obtaining highly productive animals is possible thanks to the introduction of modern systems for the targeted cultivation of repair young animals. Jersey breed animals are particularly popular among cattle breeders due to their unpretentiousness to the feeding and maintenance system, as well as increased protein and fat content parameters compared to other breeds. The manifestation of individual differences in productive qualities in the cultivation of repair heifers during ontogenesis allows an early determination of the direction of their production use.

The study of the relationship between the intensity of growth of young animals with the results of the evaluation of the milk productivity of the first heifers following the results of the first completed lactation showed the presence of a positive relationship (r = 0,96) between these two parameters. Thus, the highest milk productivity is observed in cows, which in the period from 0 to 6 months had an average daily increase in live weight at the level of 811–961 g, which is generally consistent with the research of Russian and foreign authors and opens up new prospects for improving the productive and economically useful characteristics of the Jersey cattle population in the North Caucasus.
A Statistical Model for Multisource Remote-Sensing Data Streams of Wildfire Aerosol Optical Depth
Authors: Wei Guanzhou , Krishnan Venkat , Xie Yu , Sengupta Manajit , Zhang Yingchen , Liao Haitao , Liu Xiao
Published: March 2024

Increasingly frequent wildfires have significant impact on solar energy production as the atmospheric aerosols generated by wildfires diminish the incoming solar radiation. Atmospheric aerosols can be measured by aerosol optical depth (AOD), and multiple spatiotemporal AOD data streams are available from geostationary satellites. Although these multisource remote-sensing data streams are measurements of the same underlying AOD process, they often present heterogeneous characteristics, such as different measurement biases and errors, data missing rates, etc. It is usually not known which data source provides more accurate measurements, and simply averaging multiple data streams is not always the best practice. Hence, this paper proposes a statistical model that is capable of inferring the underlying true AOD process by simultaneously integrating heterogeneous multisource remote-sensing data streams and the advection-diffusion equation that governs the dynamics of the AOD process. A bias correction process is included in the model to account for the bias of the physics model and the truncation error of the Fourier series. The proposed approach is applied to California wildfires AOD data obtained from the GOES East (GOES-16) and GOES West (GOES-17) satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Comprehensive numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the predictive capabilities and model the interpretability of the proposed approach.

History: Kwok-Leung Tsui served as the senior editor for this article.

Funding: This work was funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation [Grant 2143695].

Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: Our code requires packages that are not available on CodeOcean (for example, the Rfast package in R). Hence, code and sample data are provided on GitHub: https://github.com/gz-wei/Physics-Informed-Statistical-Modeling-for-Wildfire-Aerosols-Propagation . The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2021.0058 .
A Dual Perspective on Academic Advising: Challenges Faced by Community College Transfers and Faculty Advisors in Engineering
Authors: Zhang Yi Leaf
Published: March 2024

This study provides a deeper understanding of the challenges facing community college transfer students in engineering and their faculty advisors at a 4-year research university. Using a phenomenological approach, data was analyzed from interviews with nine engineering transfers and seven faculty advisors. The findings unveiled nuanced barriers faced by engineering transfers and their faculty advisors, including transfers’ academic unpreparedness and struggles with nonacademic responsibilities; advisors’ heavy workload, disconnection with other student services, and lack of communication with community college advisors; and restrictions on course selection and program requirements in 4-year engineering programs. The findings provide meaningful insights into developing new policies and practices to improve the academic advising experience for engineering transfers.
APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO SISTEMA DE INTERFACE HOMEM-MÁQUINA PARA GUIAR VISITANTES, COM A INSERÇÃO DE DETECÇÃO DE COMANDOS DE VOZ
Authors: Cruz Lima Marcos Vinícius , Anfranserai Morais Dias
Published: March 2024

Um dos objetivos almejados na construção de robôs autônomos é facilitar a vida das pessoas. O hardware atualmente disponível é seguro e programável em vários níveis, possibilitando a manipulação mais precisa dos robôs. Dessa forma, é possível usar robôs em tarefas que é necessário o máximo de precisão possível. Um robô pode realizar cirurgias com precisão maior que um ser humano e de maneira menos invasiva, facilitando a recuperação do paciente de forma mais rápida.
Virginia Penny's Economic Horizons: Fact and Futurity in Nineteenth-Century Women's Encyclopedic Writing
Authors: Nolan Rachel Elin
Published: March 2024

Abstract: In the years prior to the Civil War, the reformer Virginia Penny travelled across the United States with the aim of identifying and recording the growing number of occupations available to women. She documented her findings in her 1863 book The Employments of Women' A Cyclopaedia of Woman's Work . Women's history and labor studies scholars for over a century mined the text for facts about nineteenth-century economic life, and the achievements of working-class and feminist historiography represent Penny's legacy. This essay argues, however, that an overreliance on historical and social scientific methods of analysis has limited our understanding of the formal, linguistic, affective, and idealistic dimensions of Penny's writing, as well as of the importance of her enterprise to readers across the second half of the nineteenth century. By reading Penny's Employments of Women as a work of literature, the essay demonstrates that the text constructs a female encyclopedic subject, a composite figure that bid nineteenth-century female readers to imagine themselves into a new economic position and inspired creative forms of feminist activism.
On-site calibration method for a binocular vision sensor based on the phase-shift algorithm
Authors: Shao Mingwei , Zhang Lingkun , Ma Hailong , Chen Jianjun
Published: March 2024

When a binocular vision sensor (BVS) is installed in a narrow space, traditional calibration methods are limited as all targets should be placed in more than three different positions. To solve this problem, an on-site calibration method based on the phase-shift algorithm is proposed in our paper. Intrinsic parameters of these two cameras should be first calibrated offline. Series of phase-shift patterns are projected onto any one target with known three-dimensional information to determine the relationship between two cameras. The target utilized in our proposed method can be selected arbitrarily, which is suitable to achieve the on-site calibration of BVS, especially in industrial vibration environments. Experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed method.
Dependence of the Raman vibration modes on structural properties of Tm:(ScxY1−x)2O3 laser ceramics with 0 ≤ x < 1
Authors: Pirri Angela , Santonocito Alberto , Maksimov Roman N. , Shitov Vladislav A. , Becucci Maurizio , Patrizi Barbara , Vannini Matteo , Toci Guido
Published: March 2024

We report on micro-Raman spectra of several mixed laser ceramics, i.e., 5at.%Tm:(ScxY1−xO2)3 with x = 0.121, 0.252, 0.489 and 5at.%Tm:Y2O3 ceramic. The samples were fabricated by solid-state pressureless consolidation of nanopowders produced by laser ablation of solid target in air flow. In particular, we studied the influence of Sc3+ content on the active vibration modes in terms of peak positions and shifts, linewidths and shapes: these parameters are relevant for the emission bandwidth of the laser medium. A shift towards higher frequencies is measured with the increase of the Sc3+ content in all samples in particular in (Tm0.048Y0.463Sc0.489O2)3 where the main Raman peaks are placed at 395, 494, 635 cm−1 while their shifts with Tm:Y2O3 are 22.6, 25.1, 40.1 cm−1, respectively. The assignment of the vibrational spectrum was obtained by density functional theory (DFT) with the Perdew-Burke-Enzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional within the harmonic approximation framework.
Tunable and highly sensitive fluorescent thermometers from La2CaZrO6:Cr3+ with a time-resolved technology
Authors: Guo Ganggang , Xi Qiong , Li Cong , Yin Tao , Ren Zheng , Zhang Yayuan , Nie Jianju , Guan Li , Liu Zhenyang , Wang Fenghe , Li Xu
Published: March 2024

Non-contact optical temperature measurement can effectively avoid the disadvantages of traditional contact thermometry and thus, become a hot research topic. Herein, a fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) thermometry using a time-resolved technique based on La2CaZrO6:Cr3+ (LCZO) is proposed, with a maximum relative sensitivity (Sr − FIR) of 2.56% K−1 at 473 K and a minimum temperature resolution of 0.099 K. Moreover, the relative sensitivity and temperature resolution can be effectively controlled by adjusting the width of the time gate based on the time-resolved technique. Our work provides, to our knowledge, new viewpoints into the development of novel optical thermometers with adjustable relative sensitivity and temperature resolution on an as-needed basis.
Short video platforms as sources of health information about cervical cancer: A content and quality analysis
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Yuan Jun , Zhang Danqin , Yang Yi , Wang Chaoyun , Dou Zhiqian , Li Yan
Published: March 2024

Background

The development of short popular science video platforms helps people obtain health information, but no research has evaluated the information characteristics and quality of short videos related to cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality and reliability of short cervical cancer-related videos on TikTok and Kwai.

Methods

The Chinese keyword "cervical cancer" was used to search for related videos on TikTok and Kwai, and a total of 163 videos were ultimately included. The overall quality of these videos was evaluated by the Global Quality Score (GQS) and the modified DISCERN tool.

Results

A total of 163 videos were included in this study, TikTok and Kwai contributed 82 and 81 videos, respectively. Overall, these videos received much attention; the median number of likes received was 1360 (403–6867), the median number of comments was 147 (40–601), and the median number of collections was 282 (71–1296). In terms of video content, the etiology of cervical cancer was the most frequently discussed topic. Short videos posted on TikTok received more attention than did those posted on Kwai, and the GQS and DISCERN score of videos posted on TikTok were significantly better than those of videos posted on Kwai. In addition, the videos posted by specialists were of the highest quality, with a GQS and DISCERN score of 3 (2–3) and 2 (2–3), respectively. Correlation analysis showed that GQS was significantly correlated with the modified DISCERN scores (p<0.001).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the quality and reliability of cervical cancer-related health information provided by short videos were unsatisfactory, and the quality of the videos posted on TikTok was better than that of videos posted on Kwai. Compared with those posted by individual users, short videos posted by specialists provided higher-quality health information.
Seismic performance evaluation of concrete buttress dram (Dynamic linear analysis)
Authors: Al-Bayati Noor Nazar , Arslan Chelang A. , Hassan Waqed H.
Published: March 2024

Due to a variety of reasons, including the water retained inside and the intrinsic weight of the dam itself, dam constructions have the ability to move both horizontally and vertically. If these displacements exceed a crucial limit, a dam’s structural integrity is jeopardized. Concrete buttress dams in particular may be susceptible to high-frequency vibrations because of their slender structure, especially when the flow of water is involved. The Khassa Chi Dam, which is located northeast of Kirkuk City, is the subject of this study’s attempt to offer an alternative since the constructed dam is an embankment dam. In this research, a concrete buttress dam design was studied as an alternative dam to the constructed one. Such designs exemplify one form of gravity dams widely implemented on diverse soil types. Finite element model (FEM) was employed to simulate the behavior of the dam. The simulation utilized DIANA FEA, which relies on governing equations. There are several steps involved in developing an accurate FEM that faithfully simulates the actual behavior of a dam and predicts its future responses. The model is evaluated in later analyses in terms of stress and displacement. In this context, RSA was conducted on the modeled buttress dam. The outcome of the displacement analysis of the buttress dam exhibited its safety across all load combinations after undergoing linear dynamic analysis. This analysis included Eigenvalue Analysis and RSA. The response remained low at seismic frequencies below 3 Hz, and the extent of displacement correlated with the frequency values.
VOT in English by bilinguals with 2L1s: different approaches to voiceless and voiced stops
Authors: Liu Sha , Takeda Kaye
Published: March 2024

This paper compares bilinguals of 2L1s with monolinguals and second language speakers. The experiment and statistical analysis reveals that the question whether bilinguals adopt a more extreme, intermediate, or monolingual-like approach may not have a clear-cut yes or no answer. Our finding demonstrates that bilinguals are more monolingual-like when they have greater control over their speech production. Additionally, bilinguals employ an extreme approach to positive VOTs, where they must distinguish among all the six stops in Japanese and English, though they adopt an intermediate approach to negative VOTs, where they just need to distinguish among the three voiced stops.
Optimization of a programmable λ/2-pitch optical phased array
Authors: Sharma Ankita , Straguzzi John N. , Xue Tianyuan , Govdeli Alperen , Chen Fu Der , Stalmashonak Andrei , Sacher Wesley D. , Poon Joyce K. S.
Published: March 2024

A challenge in optical phased arrays (OPAs) is to achieve single-lobe emission using densely spaced emitters without incurring inter-waveguide optical crosstalk. Here, we propose to heuristically optimize the amplitude and phase of each grating antenna in an OPA to correct for optical non-idealities, including fabrication variations and inter-waveguide crosstalk. This method was applied to a silicon photonic integrated circuit with 1 mm-long gratings at 775 nm spacing for operation in a wavelength range of 1450–1650 nm. We achieved a wide two-dimensional beam-steering range of 110° × 28°, evaluated over a 127° × 47° field-of-view (FOV). Within this FOV, we measured an average sidelobe suppression of 8.2 dB and focused on average, 34.5 % of the emitted power into the main lobe. We achieved a peak sidelobe suppression of 14.5 dB and 50 % of the power concentrated in the main lobe. The approach is suitable for applications that require alias-free out-of-plane emission.
Preprocessing method for robust topography reconstruction of surfaces of metal additive manufactured parts based on focus variation microscopy
Authors: Xu Xin , Pahl Tobias , Serbes Hüseyin , Krooss Philipp , Niendorf Thomas , Lehmann Peter
Published: March 2024

When using an areal measuring optical instrument to measure rough surfaces, especially surfaces generated by metal additive manufacturing (e.g. laser and electron beam powder bed fusion), topographical artifacts such as spikes on a reconstructed surface are nearly unavoidable. These artifacts may affect the determination of surface roughness parameters and lead to erroneous surface features. This paper proposes a new preprocessing method to eliminate most artifacts before extracting surface heights of rough surfaces measured by focus variation microscopy. In this method, the axial region where a surface height value is located with the highest probability is estimated, based on datasets of planes parallel to the axial scanning direction. Results regarding height measurements with and without the preprocessing method are compared by measuring a Rubert Microsurf 329 comparator test panel for reference and workpieces produced by metal additive manufacturing.