MO179: Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in ANCA-Vasculitis. Importance of Overadded Hypertension and Kidney Function: A South of Spain's Experience
Authors: Rodríguez Torres Alejandra , Gordillo García Llenalia , Espinosa Mario , Lopez-Mendoza Manuel , Mario Sabio José , Martín Armada María , Martín Suárez Ignacio , del Mar Castilla Castellano María , Carlos Anglada Pintado Juan , Martínez Esteban Dolores , Castilla Guerra Luis , de Ramón Garrido Enrique , Adoración Martín Gomez Maria 
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the principal causes of death in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-(ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), partly due to the vascular inflammation itself, the associated organic damage and the treatment [1]. AAV has been associated with traditional risk factors, such as hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM) or impared renal function [2], which also contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis.

However, there are not specific recommendations about CVD treatment in AAV patients [3], and the vascular risk scores used for general population have not been extrapolated yet. Our objective is to assess the frequency of cardiovascular events (CVE) and mortality in AAV patients and to explore the possible vascular risk factors (VRF) and the therapeutic intervention on them.

METHOD

A descriptive and retrospective study of a multidisciplinary cohort of AAV patients followed prospectively was performed in 12 hospitals of the 8 provinces of Autonomous Community of Andalusia. Factors that presumably may influence in CVD and mortality were collected. Two CV risk scores were measured [4, 5]. The presence of a strategy carried out by clinicians on CV risk was analysed according guides ESC/ESH and KDIGO guides. Data was analysed using Chi-square, ANOVA and Cox proportional hazards regresion as uni and multivariate test with a 95% confidence interval.

RESULTS

A multicentre cohort of 220 AAV patients followed up from 1979 until June 2020 was studied, during a mean ± standard deviation follow-up of 96.79 ± 75.83 months. The mean age at diagnosis was 59.92 ± 16.25 years, 45% were female and all but one caucasians. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics are shown in Table 1.

After AAV diagnosis, 30/224 (13%) patients presented at least one CVE (Figure 1A and B), 37% IHD, 43% CVA and 50% PVD. Independent prognostic factors of CVE were age (HR 1.042, P = .005) and the presence of hypertension (HTN) 6 months after diagnosis (HR 4.641, P = .01). Regarding classic VRFs, 81% had HTN [33% already presented it before diagnosis and 48% after (35% in the first 6 months)]. Thirty-four patients presented DM at the end of following [12% already presented it before diagnosis and 22% presented it after (16% in the first 6 months)]. The independent predictor for HTN at 6 months was renal involvement at BVAS baseline, and DM in the first 6 months for HTN at the end of following.

Attending to the ESC Vascular Risk scale, 8.4% presented low risk, 16.9% moderate, 29.8 high and 44.4% very high risk. According to the REGICOR scale, the mean value of suffering a CV event in the next 10 years was 4.6%±3.32%, with 59%, 34% and 7% of patients presenting low, moderate and high risk, respectively. Regarding VRF management strategies, just 14% of hypertensive patients, 16.2% of those that needed dyslipidemia treatment, and 8.6% of diabetic patients were not within the target guidelines recommendations.

Fifty-one patients (23%) died (Figure 1C and D), 23.5% due to infectuous disease, 19.6% to cancer, 17.6% to CVD,13.7% to AAV relapse and 13 due to organic deficit, other or an unknown cause. In our final model of multivariate analysis, just age and renal function at baseline were independent predictors of mortality. Independent prognostic factors of mortality were age (HR 1.083, P = .00) and baseline creatinine (HR 4.41, P = .01).

CONCLUSION

Age and early HTN are risk factors for having a CVE, and age and renal function are predictors of mortality. HTN are more frecuent in AAV patients than in general population. CVD screening in AAV patients is demanded. The REGICOR and ESC scores could be extrapolated as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in AAV patients.