bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effect of Human Anti‐CA I Autoantibodies and Development of Monoclonal Antibody mAb 2B8 Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase I
Authors: Chalova Petra , Jankovicova Barbora , Dvorakova Veronika , Zelinkova Eliska , Bilkova Zuzana , Slovakova Marcela , Korecka Lucie , Muller Petr , Danchenko Maksym , Minichova Lenka , Lakota Jan , Skultety Ludovit
Published: December 2024

Spontaneous tumor regression is a recognized phenomenon across various cancer types. Recent research emphasizes the alterations in autoantibodies against carbonic anhydrase I (CA I) (anti‐CA I) levels as potential prognostic markers for various malignancies. Particularly, autoantibodies targeting CA I and II appear to induce cellular damage by inhibiting their respective protein’s catalytic functions. Our study illuminates the profound impact of anti‐CA I autoantibodies from patient serum on the esterase activity of human CA I, exhibiting inhibitory effects akin to the acetazolamide inhibitor. Concurrently, our newly synthesized mouse monoclonal IgG antibody, mAb 2B8, against human CA I showcased a potent inhibitory action. An in‐depth exploration into mAb 2B8′s binding dynamics with its target enzyme was undertaken. Leveraging epitope extraction and phage display library techniques, we identified the amino acid sequence DFWTYP (positions 191–196 of CA I) as crucial for mAb 2B8′s interaction. In 3‐D structural analysis, this sequence is spatially adjacent to a previously identified epitope (DFWTYP) that interacts with patient‐derived autoantibodies. Critically, mAb 2B8 demonstrated an ability to infiltrate eukaryotic cells, engaging specifically with its intracytoplasmic target. This positions mAb 2B8 as a promising model for future studies aimed at tumor cell eradication.
Voltage matrix algorithm for intraoperative detection of cochlear implant electrode misplacement
Authors: Franke-Trieger Annett , Lailach Susen , Strahl Stefan B. , Murrmann Katrin , Schebsdat Erik , Neudert Marcus , Zahnert Thomas
Published: December 2024

Objective
To develop an algorithm, based on the voltage matrix, for detecting regular cochlear implant (CI) electrode position during the implantation procedure, tip fold-over or basal kinking for lateral-wall electrodes. The availability of an algorithm would be valuable in clinical routine, as incorrect positioning of the electrode array can potentially be recognized intraoperatively.
Design
In this retrospective study intraoperative voltage matrix and postoperative digital volume tomography of 525 CI recipients were analyzed. On the basis of these data an algorithm was developed for detecting various kinds of electrode misplacements.
Results
Seven incorrect electrode positions, three tip fold (0.57%) and four basal kinking (0.76%) were detected. For detecting correct positioning, a sensitivity of 99.6%, a specificity of 83.3% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 99.8% were found. For detecting tip fold-over a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 99.8% and a PPV of 75% were found. For detecting basal kinking, a sensitivity of 66%, a specificity of 99.8% and a PPV of 66% were determined.
Conclusion
The algorithm was found to be an effective screening tool for detecting tip fold-over or basal kinking.
Novel Approaches of Cellular Therapy in Multiple Myeloma – Focus on CART
Authors: Narra Ravi Kishore , Peshin Supriya , Dhakal Binod
Published: December 2024

Background: Recent advancements in cellular therapies, particularly CAR-T and T cell engaging bispecific antibodies have significantly altered the therapeutic landscape for Multiple Myeloma. There are two U.S. FDA approved CAR-T products targeting BCMA available for commercial use at this time. Though these innovative therapies have demonstrated considerable efficacy in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma patients, many challenges remain, including accessibility, potential toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity and development of resistance through targeted antigen loss and T-cell exhaustion and various other mechanisms. CRISPR edited allogeneic CAR-T cells, CAR- NK cells, and structural makeover of autologous CART with safety switches are being studied to address current limitations in cellular therapy. Additionally, newer target antigens such as GPRC5D, FcRH5, armored CAR-T cells that resist immunosuppressive cytokines such as TGF-β are being investigated.
Summary: This review summarizes safety and efficacy of currently available CART, discusses challenges with these therapies, and ongoing research efforts aimed at addressing resistance, mitigate treatment-related toxicities, and refining for broader applicability and prolonged efficacy.
Key messages: CART cell therapy has shown significant benefit in treatment of multiple myeloma. Many challenges persist. Novel strategies with structural modifications are being incorporated to overcome the limitations.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of pancreatic
neuroendocrine tumours with rapid on-site evaluation: single center
experience
Authors: Guvendir Bakkaloglu Irem , Calim Gurbuz Begum , Sahin Onur , Zemheri Itir Ebru
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a highly sensitive and accurate method for identifying pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). However, research on grading and assessing the Ki67 proliferation index in FNA samples is limited.
Methods: This study analyzed 335 EUS-FNA cases performed between 2016 and 2022, of which 12 cases of PanNET were further evaluated. The morphology, Ki-67 index, and grading (G) of cell blocks (CB) obtained from the PanNET aspirations were compared to those of the resected material.
Results: Out of 12 PanNET’s with rapid on-site evaluation(ROSE), in FNA samples and CB,7 (58.3%) cases were G1,while 5 (41.7%) cases were G2.On the other hand,resection of these cases,6 (50%) were diagnosed as G1,5(41.7%) cases were G2,and 1 case(8.3%) was G3.The average ki67 index in CB was 2.92(min: 1-max: 10), while in resections it was 4.67(min: 1-max: 22).Only 2(16.6%) showed a discordance between grade and ki67, resulting in an overall concordance of over 80%.On average,1.83 needle passes were made(range: 1-3), while the average number of slides and cell blocks were 9.33(range: 1-24) and 2.17(range: 1-6),respectively.There were no significant differences in the number of passes,slides,or cell blocks between the consistent and discordant groups.
Conclusion:Optimal counting techniques and sensitivity for Ki67 are crucial in grading PanNETs in both aspiration and resection materials.The grade and Ki67 index demonstrated high concordance when comparing CB and resection. However, in low-volume centers, ROSE support can be beneficial in obtaining sufficient slides and cell blocks for an adequate diagnosis.
The Dynamics of Capital Adequacy, Credit Risk, and Liquidity in Optimizing the Profitability of BUMN Banks in Indonesia
Authors: Olivia Monica , Wulan Wahyu Ningrum
Published: December 2024

This study evaluates the effect of ratio: Capital Adequacy, Credit Risk, and Liquidity on the profitability of state-owned banks registered with OJK during the period 2015-2023. The purposive sampling technique was used to select four banks that fit the research criteria. The data was processed using multiple linear regression analysis using EViews 10 software. Based on partial analysis (T test) shows that Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) has no significant effect on Return on Assets (ROA), while Credit Risk (NPL) has a significant negative effect on ROA, and Liquidity (LDR) has a significant positive effect on ROA. Simultaneously (F test), CAR, NPL, and LDR collectively have a significant effect on the profitability of State-Owned Commercial Banks in Indonesia.
The Effect of Tui Na Massage on Sleep Quality of 4-5 Years Old Toddlers in an Efforts to Prevent Stunting in Banjar Kawan, Bangli
Authors: Bella Krisna Pramitha  , Ni Luh Gede Intan Saraswati  , Ni Putu Wiwik Oktaviani  , Ni Komang Ayu Resiyanthi
Published: December 2024

Introduction: One factor that can contribute to stunting is poor sleep quality in children. This is due to the disruption of the growth hormone process, which can lead to shorter stature. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Tui Na massage on the sleep quality of toddlers aged 4 to 5 years.Method: This research employed a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test structure. It involved 34 respondents, selected using a purposive sampling technique. Tui Na massage was the intervention applied. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was used to measure sleep quality.Results: Before the Tui Na massage, the majority of toddlers had sleep quality categorized as poor, with 16 respondents (47.1%). After six consecutive days of Tui Na massage, the toddlers' sleep quality im-proved, with 24 respondents (70.6%) showing better sleep quality. Da-ta analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test yielded an Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) value of -4.969 with a p-value of 0.000, indicating a statisti-cally significant effect of Tui Na massage on the sleep quality of toddlers in efforts to prevent stunting in Banjar Kawan, Bangli.Discussion: Good quality sleep in toddlers is essential for support-ing optimal growth and development, which can help reduce the risk of stunting.
Burnout and Work Stress of Nurses During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nunung Rachmawati  , Rahmanto Tri Yuni
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Nurses are one of the frontline healthcare workers who are highly vulnerable to exposure to COVID-19. Physical and mental ex-haustion can be experienced by nurses working under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. This exhaustion reflects the phenomenon of burnout. The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia also poses a risk of causing stress for all healthcare workers, especially nurses at Wonosari Regional General Hospital. Methods: This study was conducted to describe the levels of burnout and work stress among nurses at Wonosari Regional General Hospital dur-ing the COVID-19 pandemic. The research design used was quantitative with a descriptive-analytic approach.Results: The study found that nurses at Wonosari Regional General Hospital experienced burnout ranging from low to moderate levels, with none experiencing high levels of burnout. This could be attributed to the hospital's ability to meet the nurses' basic needs, such as adequate rest periods. Nurses at Wonosari Regional General Hospital experienced work stress ranging from mild to very severe levels. This could be due to the fear of contracting the virus, which poses a potential risk of death. The levels of burnout and work stress among nurses at the hospital varied, ranging from mild to very severe levels.Conclusion: This study provides hospital policymakers with an over-view of the condition of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the hope that the policies implemented can ensure safety and comfort, thereby reducing burnout and work stress among nurses during the pandemic.
ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ ТРАВМА-ІНФОРМОВАНОГО ПІДХОДУ В МЕДСЕСТРИНСЬКУ ОСВІТУ: ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ МЕДИЧНИХ СЕСТЕР ДО ПСИХОСОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ПІДТРИМКИ ПАЦІЄНТІВ
Authors: Славопас В. А.
Published: December 2024

Вступ. Зростання кількості пацієнтів, які пережили травматичний досвід, є серйозним викликом для системи охорони здоров’я. Медичні сестри, які часто виступають первинною ланкою підтримки пацієнтів, стикаються з підвищеними вимогами до професійної підготовки та емоційної стійкості. За таких умов травма-інформований підхід набуває особливого значення. Він спрямований на створення безпечного середовища для пацієнтів, які пережили травму, а також на зниження ризику емоційного вигорання серед медичних працівників. Актуальність упровадження цього підходу в практику та освітній процес підготовки медичних сестер обумовлена необхідністю покращення якості медичної допомоги і психосоціальної підтримки.
Мета роботи – дослідити значення та доцільність інтеграції травма-інформованого підходу в освітній процес підготовки майбутніх медичних сестер, оцінити його вплив на ефективність психосоціальної підтримки пацієнтів, зниження рівня емоційного вигорання та підвищення професійної стійкості медичних працівників.
Основна частина. У статті проаналізовано основні труднощі, з якими стикаються медичні сестри під час роботи з травмованими пацієнтами. Зокрема, розглянуто феномен вторинної травматизації, який може виникати внаслідок тривалого контакту з пацієнтами, що мають травматичний досвід. Особливу увагу приділено питанням емоційного вигорання, яке значно знижує якість надання медичної допомоги та негативно впливає на професійний розвиток медичних сестер. Представлено результати опитування студентів медичних навчальних закладів, які засвідчили недостатній рівень знань щодо роботи з травмованими пацієнтами. Наголошено на важливості введення до навчальних програм спеціалізованих курсів із травма-інформованого підходу, які включають знання про вплив травми на психіку, розвиток навичок емпатії, активного слухання та управління стресом.
Висновки. Упровадження травма-інформованого підходу в навчальний процес є стратегічно важливим кроком у підготовці медичних сестер до роботи з травмованими пацієнтами. Це сприятиме створенню умов для якісної психосоціальної підтримки, допоможе знизити рівень професійного вигорання та покращити результати лікування пацієнтів. Інтеграція цього підходу в освітній процес є запорукою підвищення якості медичної допомоги і професійного зростання медичних сестер.
ВПЛИВ ФІЗИЧНИХ ВПРАВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРАВИЛЬНОЇ ПОСТАВИ
Authors: Новакова Л. В. , Назарук В. Л. , Дудар М.-Я. В.
Published: December 2024

Вступ. Постава – це природне положення тіла людини під час стояння, сидіння або руху. Вона формується під впливом генетичних факторів, звичок та фізичної активності. Правильна постава забезпечує рівномірне навантаження на м’язи і суглоби, що запобігає появі болю та отриманню травм. Вона закладається в дітей з раннього віку й у процесі зростання і розвитку організму продовжує формуватись.
Мета роботи – обґрунтувати застосування фізичних вправ для формування, утримання та корекції  правильної постави.
Основна частина. Для підтримки правильної постави важливо зміцнювати м’язи спини, черевного преса, тазового дна і стегон. Виконання фізичних вправ, спрямованих на зміцнення цих м’язів, значно покращить поставу. До таких вправ належать плавання, планка, гіперекстензія, підтягування, станова тяга, присідання і розтягування м’язів для підтримки гнучкості. Також важливо стежити за технікою виконання вправ, адже неправильне їх виконання може зашкодити та призвести до негативних наслідків. Гіперекстензія – це ефективна вправа для зміцнення м’язів спини, яка може значно покращити поставу. Основний акцент при виконанні даної вправи роблять на м’язах-випрямлячах хребта, які відіграють ключову роль у підтримці вертикального положення тіла. Станова тяга – це базова вправа у силовому тренуванні, яка передбачає піднімання штанги або гантелей чи гир з підлоги до положення стоячи з утриманням їх перед собою на витягнутих руках. Вона залучає велику кількість м’язів, зокрема м’язи спини, стегон, сідниць, рук і плечей. Ця вправа допомагає розвинути силу, покращити координацію і стабільність тіла.
Висновки. Для підтримки правильної постави важливо зміцнювати м’язи спини, черевного преса, тазового дна і стегон. Виконання фізичних вправ, спрямованих на зміцнення цих м’язів, значно покращить поставу. До таких вправ належать плавання, планка, гіперекстензія, підтягування, станова тяга, присідання і розтягування м’язів для підтримки гнучкості. Регулярне виконання цих базових вправ і правильна техніка виконання приведуть до формування, корекції та утримання правильної постави.
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ФІЗИЧНОЇ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ У ПРОФІЛАКТИЦІ ПРОГРЕСУВАННЯ СКОЛІОЗУ В ПІДЛІТКІВ
Authors: Бубенчик О. А. , Бойко В. І.
Published: December 2024

Вступ. Неправильне лікування ідіопатичного сколіозу в підлітків може спричинити серйозні проб­леми в майбутньому. Консервативні методи втручання вважають найкращими для управління цим станом, оскільки вони сприяють стабілізації викривлень хребта і поліпшують зовнішній вигляд. Хоча основним методом залишається використання корсетів, нові дослідження вказують на те, що спеціалізовані фізіотерапевтичні вправи можуть бути ефективнішими у лікуванні ідіопатичного сколіозу в підлітковому віці. Через різноманітність наявних методик виникає питання щодо оцінки їх ефективності загалом і визначення переваг окремих методик.
Мета роботи – визначити ефективність фізичної реабілітації у профілактиці прогресування сколіозу в підлітків.
Основна частина. Аналіз наукової літератури свідчить про те, що ефективність фізіотерапії PSSE можна оцінити за різними показниками, такими, як зміна кута Кобба, кута ротації хребта, поліпшення якості життя (SRS-22), функціональні можливості й зменшення болю. Методику Шрот вважають найбільш дослідженою та ефективною. Вона демонструє статистично значуще зменшення кута Кобба та поліпшення функціональних можливостей пацієнтів. Інші методики, такі, як SEAS і BSPTS, також показують позитивні результати у стабілізації прогресування деформацій. Результати досліджень свідчать про те, що, незважаючи на брак доказів на користь деяких методик, специфічні фізіотерапевтичні вправи можуть значно покращити стан пацієнтів.
Висновки. Дослідження підтверджують, що консервативні методи лікування, зокрема фізіотерапевтичні вправи, є пріоритетними, оскільки вони можуть допомогти уникнути або відтермінувати проведення хірургічного втручання. Методика Шрот виявилася найефективнішою у зменшенні кута Кобба і стабілізації деформацій, методики SEAS та BSPTS також продемонстрували позитивні результати. Це свідчить про важливість різноманітних підходів у лікуванні підліткового ідіопатичного сколіозу, що може покращити естетичний вигляд пацієнтів та їх фізичне самопочуття. Незважаючи на позитивні результати, існує брак достовірних наукових досліджень, що підтверджують ефективність усіх використовуваних методик. Подальші дослідження є необхідними для детального оцінювання ефективності альтернативних фізіотерапевтичних підходів.
МЕДИЧНА РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЯ ЯК БАГАТОВЕКТОРНИЙ НАПРЯМОК ДО ОДНІЄЇ МЕТИ
Authors: Федченко Ю. О. , Шихова Є. Є.
Published: December 2024

Вступ. У статті розглянуто питання реабілітації (багатовекторність заходів, методів, підходів) пацієнта після отримання травм опорно-рухового апарату. Супровід пацієнта під час реабілітації передбачає залучення до цього процесу спеціалістів різного профілю: психологів, ерготерапевтів, фізіотерапевтів, фізіотерапевтів. Зроблено спробу деталізації і розмежування понять «фізіотерапія», «фізична терапія», «ерготерапія».
Мета роботи – проаналізувати джерела літератури щодо сутності понять «реабілітація», «фізична реабілітація», «медична реабілітація», «реабілітолог», «ерготерапевт», «фізичний терапевт»; виділити методи, засоби і заходи різних видів реабілітації в досягненні однієї мети – відновленні максимально можливої дієздатності й самостійності людини, яка втратила здоров’я внаслідок хвороб, нещасних випадків та війни, адаптації такої людини в соціумі.
Основна частина. Глибше розуміння сутності понять «реабілітація», «фізична терапія», «фізіотерапія», «ерготерапія» дає змогу, з одного боку, розмежувати методи, прийоми та засоби, а з іншого – дозволяє більш правильно скласти програму реабілітації, поетапність використання необхідних медичних напрямків і заходів. Таким чином, фізична медицина і реабілітація – галузь медицини, яка займається відновленням частково або повністю втрачених функцій, а також покращенням якості життя людей з тяжкими захворюваннями, інвалідністю чи пораненнями, отриманими під час бойових дій. Це є дуже актуальним у світлі війн, що тривають.
Висновки. Аналіз наукових публікацій, присвячених деталізації та уточненню глибини наповнення і змісту понять «реабілітація», «фізична терапія», «фізіотерапія», «гомеокінез», «ерготерапія», свідчить про те, що поняття «реабілітація» є наймасштабнішим. Воно може включати всі інші поняття. Усі ці прийоми і методи, засоби та заходи спрямовані на досягнення однієї спільної кінцевої мети – відновлення життєздатної самостійної функціональності пацієнта. Глибше розуміння сутності понять «реабілітація», «фізична терапія», «фізіотерапія», «ерготерапія» дає змогу, з одного боку, розмежувати методи, прийоми та засоби, а з іншого – дозволяє більш правильно скласти програму реабілітації, поетапність використання необхідних медичних напрямків і заходів.
Single-Cell Analysis in Cerebrovascular Research: Primed for Breakthroughs and Clinical Impact
Authors: Albertson Asher J. , Winkler Ethan A. , Yang Andrew C. , Buckwalter Marion S. , Dingman Andra L. , Fan Huihui , Herson Paco S. , McCullough Louise D. , Perez-Pinzon Miguel A. , Sansing Lauren H. , Sun Dandan , Alkayed Nabil J.
Published: December 2024

Data generated using single-cell RNA-sequencing has the potential to transform understanding of the cerebral circulation and advance clinical care. However, the high volume of data, sometimes generated and presented without proper pathophysiological context, can be difficult to interpret and integrate into current understanding of the cerebral circulation and its disorders. Furthermore, heterogeneity in the representation of brain regions and vascular segments makes it difficult to compare results across studies. There are currently no standards for tissue collection and processing that allow easy comparisons across studies and analytical platforms. There are no standards either for single-cell data analysis and presentation. This topical review introduces single-cell RNA-sequencing to physicians and scientists in the cerebrovascular field, with the goals of highlighting opportunities and challenges of applying this technology in the cerebrovascular field and discussing key concepts and knowledge gaps that can be addressed by single-cell RNA-sequencing.
A new species of Terriera from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: CHENG YUAN-HUI , GUO MEI-JUN , HOU CHENG-LIN
Published: December 2024

Specimens of Terriera collected from dead leaves of woody plant in the Fodingshan National Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province, China, were identified as a new species and named Terriera tongrenensis. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on ITS-nrLSU-mtSSU show that T. tongrenensis clusters with other Terriera species and is closely related to Terriera houjiazhuangensis, Terriera guizhouensis, Terriera pandanicola, and Terriera sigmoideospora. Morphological comparison reveals distinct differences between the new species and its relatives. T. tongrenensis has the ascomata on abaxial surface of dead leaves, the covering stroma consisting of an innermost layer with a few thin-walled, hyaline, angular to globose cells near the opening and extending to the basal stroma, the absence of an excipulum and the internal matrix of stroma. These findings highlight the unique characteristics of T. tongrenensis, reinforcing its status as a distinct species within the genus.
A new species of Elodophthalmus from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber unravels the systematic placement of Elodophthalmidae and reconciling phylogenetic conflicts within Tenebrionoidea
Authors: CAI CHENYANG , ZHAO QIAN , AZAR DANY
Published: December 2024

Elodophthalmidae, represented by the sole genus Elodophthalmus Kirejtshuk & Azar, is an extinct beetle family described from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Elodophthalmidae has been hypothesized to share close affinities with the extant superfamily Scirtoidea, but their exact systematic position remains elusive. Here, we describe a new species of Elodophthalmus, Elodophthalmus maksoudae sp. nov., based on a well-preserved fossil from Early Cretaceous amber collected in Hammana/Mdeyrij, Central Lebanon, the same locality as other congeneric species. Using improved imaging technologies, we reveal detailed morphological characters of the fossil, providing critical evidence for a more robust systematic placement of Elodophthalmus. Our findings present compelling evidence supporting the placement of Elodophthalmidae within the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. Furthermore, we highlight that conflicts in the interfamilial relationships within Tenebrionoidea across various datasets can, at least partially, be mitigated by adopting the site-heterogeneous CAT-GTR+G model. We suggest that the traditional reliance on site-homogeneous models in Sanger sequencing-based studies may fail to capture the complexities of nucleotide substitution patterns. With the increasing recognition of the importance of modeling among-site compositional heterogeneity, our study points to the necessity for more rigorous model testing in the phylogenetic studies of ancient lineages such as Tenebrionoidea.
The Unequal Loop: Socioeconomic Status and the Dynamic Bidirectional Relationship between Physical and Mental Health
Authors: Xiong Yajie , Qi Yaqiang
Published: December 2024

This study draws on longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2008–2020) to investigate the dynamic bidirectional relationship between physical and mental health, focusing on socioeconomic disparities. Dynamic panel models reveal significant bidirectional associations between measures of physical and mental health for both positive and negative health indicators, but the magnitude varies by education and wealth. Specifically, the interconnection between indicators of negative physical and mental health (i.e., functional limitations and depression symptoms) is stronger among the socioeconomically disadvantaged, whereas the relationship between indicators of positive physical and mental health (i.e., physical activity and positive affect) is stronger at higher levels of wealth (although not education). By disentangling the bidirectional association between physical and mental health, these results imply an important process of the reproduction and perpetuation of health inequalities.
Insecure Attachment, Poor Self-Regulation, and Weak Empathy as Developmental Antecedents to Delinquency when Mediated by Antisocial Cognition
Authors: Walters Glenn D.
Published: December 2024

A base model was tested composed of insecure attachment at age 3 years, poor emotional and behavioral self-regulation at age 5 years, and weak empathy at age 9 years predicted delinquency at age 15 years with and without the intervening influence of two dimensions of antisocial cognition: moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity, both of which were assessed at age 15 years. Participants were 1,699 youth (867 boys, 832 girls) from the Future of Families Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). While the base model did not predict delinquency, there was a significant indirect effect when additional mediators, moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity, intervened between weak empathy and self-reported delinquency. This suggests that the attachment → self-regulation → empathy sequence may be a developmental pathway that moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity share in common, expanding upon previous research which has shown that these two dimensions of antisocial cognition have divergent developmental origins.
Beyond Unidimensional Trust and User Roles: A Multidimensional Role-Based Approach to Trust
Authors: Salgado Stéphane , Filieri Raffaele , Chameroy Fabienne
Published: December 2024

Trust is a multidimensional concept composed of competence, benevolence, and integrity. However, scholars have mainly used unidimensional scales to measure trust. Drawing upon the Trust Transfer Model, this study assessed how different dimensions of digital platform trust, dual-role users (acting as both host and guest), and corporate social responsibility (CSR) influence trust in Peer-to-Peer hosts. A survey with 894 Airbnb users tested the study’s hypotheses. The findings show that platform competence-based trust and CSR strongly influence trust toward hosts, while integrity has a weaker effect, and benevolence is only significant for dual-role users. Host trust mediates the relationship between platform trusting beliefs and customer satisfaction. The study reveals that dual-role users moderate the relationship between benevolence-based trust and trust toward hosts, while CSR’s effect on host trust is stronger for users with single role. The study has implications for Peer-to-Peer organizations and service providers.
Finite-time plant-parameter-free trajectory tracking control for overhead cranes with double-pendulum dynamics and uncertain disturbances
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Dai Chang , Wu Xianqing
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a novel finite-time plant-parameter-free trajectory tracking control method, along with a finite-time disturbance estimator, is developed for the overhead crane system with double-pendulum dynamics and uncertain disturbances. Compared with existing works for the double-pendulum overhead crane system, the proposed control scheme possesses three remarkable advantages: free of any plant parameters, finite-time trajectory tracking, and uncertain disturbance rejection. Specifically, the dynamic equation of the double-pendulum overhead crane system is transformed into a new form by introducing auxiliary signals. Then, a finite-time disturbance estimator is constructed based on the transformed dynamic equation, and a corresponding finite-time trajectory tracking control scheme is proposed for the double-pendulum overhead crane system. The stability of the closed-loop system is given through rigorous theoretical proof. Finally, numerical simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented control scheme.
View From the Right: Political Orientation and the Association Between Black and Physical Threat
Authors: March David S. , Lesick Tara , Olivett Vincenzo J. , Maranges Heather M.
Published: December 2024

Americans hold an association linking Black with physical threat. Across domains, conservatives tend to be more threat sensitive. The current research tests whether associations linking Black to physical threat are associated with political conservatism. Pilot studies clarify that conservatism is associated with physical versus other types of threats (e.g., symbolic, distinctiveness). In Study 1, conservatism corresponds with stronger perceptions of physical threat of unambiguously Black stimuli. In Study 2, conservatism was linked to a stronger association between perceiving point-light walkers as physical threats and as Black versus White. In Study 3, conservatism was linked to a stronger association between perceiving names as physical threats and as Black versus White. In Study 4, conservatism was associated with a stronger automatic Black-threat association, and this relationship mediated the link between conservatism and an automatic Black-criminal association. Consequently, anti-Black attitudes among relative conservatives may be partially underlaid by associations linking Black to physical threat.
Threats and ambivalence in land formalization: The case of settler-colonial land regime in East Jerusalem/al-Quds
Authors: Shlomo Oren , Braier Michal
Published: December 2024

Urban land formalization, i.e., land titling and registration, is commonly viewed as a primary policy tool for addressing urban poverty and fostering socioeconomic and spatial development, especially in the urban informalities of the Global Southeast. While critical perspectives on urban land formalization highlight the threats and risks associated with the market-driven logic of land formalization, in this paper, we examine the perils of displacement and property rights erosion in the context of settler colonial land regime. Through the analysis of Israel’s initiative to formalize Palestinian land in East Jerusalem, we contend that risks and benefits of land formalization programs are contingent upon the land regime whithin which they are implemented. We demonstrate how potential benefits of land formalization, alongside its potential threats, produce ambivalence among target communities. This ambiguity becomes ingrained in settler colonial land practices of land formalisation and translates into noncooperation by Palestinians with the Israeli land formalization initiative. Thus, we emphasize the significance of analyzing local land regimes and politics to better understand the specific threats and opportunities and their impact on target communities.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms living on the Tibetan Plateau of China
Authors: Wang Dongliang , Wuli Jiuqi , Cao Xudong , Wang Bin , Ren Zeng , Weng Yu , Wu Kexue
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Although there is no consensus on the difference in rupture rates between multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) and single intracranial aneurysms (SIAs), patients with MIAs may have poorer outcomes after rupture than patients with SIAs. In this study, we aimed to analyze differences in clinical characteristics between MIAs and SIAs and to evaluate the prognosis of patients with MIAs on the Tibetan Plateau who received different clinical treatments.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 68 patients with MIAs and 68 patients with SIAs admitted to Tibet Autonomous Region People’s Hospital. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used for data analysis.

Results

Compared with patients who had SIAs, those with MIAs were more likely to be female, smokers, alcohol drinkers, and hypertensive. The difference between the two groups in terms of size of the ruptured aneurysms was statistically significant. No significant differences in treatment effects were observed between patients with SIAs and those with MIAs at 3, 6, and 12 months.

Conclusions

Among patients living on the Tibetan Plateau, those with MIAs were more likely to be female, smokers, alcohol drinkers, and hypertensive. Endovascular treatment was superior to conservative management but not significantly better than craniotomy.
Hepatic iron assessment using pinch liver biopsies in Asian glossy starlings (Aplonis panayensis)
Authors: Rodriguez Barbon Alberto , Bentley Charlotte , Drake Gabby J. , Veiga Miguel Mendes , Chantrey Julian , Rocchigiani Guido
Published: December 2024

Hepatic hemosiderosis is a common nutritional disease affecting numerous bird species. The aim of this study was to validate the use of pinch hepatic biopsies to quantify the hepatic iron in Asian glossy starlings (AGS) and compare clinical measures usable for antemortem disease monitoring. Following euthanasia, serum, liver pinch biopsies, and whole liver sections were sampled from 21 AGS. Liver biopsies and sections were stained with Perl’s Prussian blue, and the area containing iron pigment was calculated by image analysis. The mean percent iron-stained area per whole hepatic section was 62.52% ± 21.81%, while the mean percent iron-stained area in biopsies was 71.47% ± 19.77%. Positive correlations were found between hepatic iron concentration and percentage iron in whole sections ( r = 0.92; P < .0001), percentage iron in biopsies ( r = 0.91; P < .0001), and other clinico-pathological features. Hemosiderin in hepatic biopsies was significantly higher than in whole hepatic section assessed by image analysis ( P < .0001).
Numerical study on the dynamic characteristics of the drive shaft system with diaphragm crack
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhu Rupeng , Chen Weifang , Nong Su , Zhang Ning , Wang Dan
Published: December 2024

The diaphragm coupling is widely used in the drive shaft system, which suffer from the crack at the waist of the diaphragm in long-term and high-speed working environments. However, the effect of the diaphragm crack (DC) on the dynamic characteristics of the drive shaft system. To solve the above issues, this paper researched the effect of the DC on the dynamic characteristics of the drive shaft system. The time-varying stiffness of the diaphragm group (DG) with crack was calculated considering friction. The calculation results indicated that the DC causes a decrease in the stiffness of the DG and introduces multiple higher-order harmonic components into the stiffness of the DG. The effect of the DC on the dynamic characteristics of the system was conducted. The accuracy of the system model is verified by comparing the critical speed results of the software and theory. The DC caused 2×, 4× super-harmonic resonance phenomenon. Meanwhile, the frequency-domain response of the system included a significant 2× super-harmonic component and also a significant 4× super-harmonic component at low speed. The super-harmonic components in the system response are introduced by the higher-order harmonic components in the time-varying stiffness of the DG, then leading to the super-harmonic resonance and irregular axis trajectory. The effect of the DC is significantly different from that of the open and breathing cracks in the rotor system. In engineering, it is possible to comprehensively observe the axis trajectory, super-harmonic resonance phenomenon, 2× and 4×super-harmonic components, and the 180° flip of the axis trajectory through the 1/2 first critical speed is used to determine whether the diaphragm has a crack.
On the drawability prediction of AA5754 aluminum alloy sheet
Authors: Wang Cheng , Li Zhenji , Zhou Bin , Wang Senhui , Sun Kun , Fei Shuhui , Li Baokun
Published: December 2024

In order to study the drawability of AA5754 aluminum alloy blank, the numerical predictions of fracture failure behavior caused by cup drawing of metal sheet were carried out by using the GTN model and the thermodynamic-based continuous damage mechanics (CDM) model. The CDM model coupling the nonlinear isotropic and kinematic hardening laws with the isotropic ductile damage model was developed to carry out the numerical computation in the form of the user material subroutines. Although the forming limit curves predicted by GTN model and CDM model are distinctly different, but both of them are feasible to characterize the formability of metal sheets. The numerically predicted drawability of metal sheet is in good agreement with the experimental results in terms of strokes, sheet thinning and fracture failure location. The effects of sheet original thickness and friction coefficient between punch and sheet on the drawability of metal sheet were further investigated in detail.
Supporting Older Caregivers of Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Perceived Effectiveness of Peer Mentors
Authors: Marsack-Topolewski Christina N. , Raoufi Gelareh , Micakovic Samantha , Anderson Nia , Bray Michael , Janks Elizabeth , Milberger Sharon , Sarah Samuel Preethy
Published: December 2024

This study’s purpose was to determine the effectiveness of relationships between a family support navigator (FSN) and older caregivers of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities who participated in a family support project. The Beach Center’s Family Professional Partnership scale modified for use with older caregivers ( N = 96) was found to be valid and reliable. Two factors (FSN skills and family needs) emerging from the exploratory factor analysis explained 77% of the variance in FSN satisfaction. Most caregivers were satisfied or very satisfied with their FSNs’ ability to build upon their family’s strengths. Analysis of the open-ended comments of caregiver experiences with FSNs yielded four themes (person, process, challenges, and relationships) that supported caregiver satisfaction with peer mentoring.
Can Kindness Thwart Stigma Toward People With Special Educational Needs? Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence in the Philippine Context
Authors: Datu Jesus Alfonso D. , Chan Randolph Chun Ho
Published: December 2024

There is growing traction on the valuable effects of kindness on well-being and positive interpersonal functioning. However, existing literature has paid little attention to the association of kindness with discriminatory attitudes toward people with special educational needs (SEN). This research examined the link of kindness to stigma toward and acceptance of individuals with SEN among Filipino high school students using cross-sectional (Study 1) and longitudinal designs (Study 2). In Study 1, the researchers used regression analyses to show that kindness negatively predicted stigma and positively predicted acceptance toward people with SEN, even after controlling for age and gender. In Study 2, the researchers adopted a cross-lagged panel structural equation modeling approach to demonstrate that Time 1 kindness positively predicted Time 2 acceptance even after controlling for auto-regressor effects. Time 1 kindness did not predict subsequent stigma. Findings allude to the significance of kindness in promoting positive attitude toward people with disabilities.
Beyond Good or Bad: The Four Evaluative Quadrants of Relationships
Authors: Righetti Francesca , Đurić Mirna , Schneider Iris
Published: December 2024

Academic Abstract

Traditionally, theoretical and empirical accounts have considered relationship evaluations along one single dimension ranging from positive to negative. However, in this theoretical work, we stress the importance of using a bi-dimensional conceptualization of relationship evaluations in which positive and negative dimensions can vary independently. In doing so, we describe the four evaluative quadrants experienced in relationships and outline their unique interpersonal processes and outcomes, both from the perspective of the person experiencing them (i.e., actor effects) and from the perspective of the recipient of such evaluations (i.e., partner effects) and considering both explicit (i.e., deliberative) and implicit (i.e., automatic) processes. We also provide a framework that predicts how relationship properties are likely to influence relationships evaluations, and we introduce the Trajectories of Relationship Evaluation Model (TREM) that describes changes in evaluations over time and the factors that influence such changes.

Public Abstract

The way we evaluate other people has important implications for how we relate to others and for our psychological and physical health. However, previous research has mostly focused on positive or negative evaluations in relationships. But there are two other types of evaluations that people commonly experience in relationships: ambivalence and indifference. In this work, we argue that it is important to study all four different evaluative types in relationships (i.e., mostly positive, mostly negative, ambivalence, and indifference) because they each uniquely predict certain relationship dynamics and processes. We discuss the consequences of these different types of evaluations for the person who holds the evaluation and for the person who is the target of such evaluation, and we discuss how these evaluations affect both deliberative and automatic processes. Finally, we propose a model (TREM) of how relationship evaluations evolve over time and of the factors that influence the changes in evaluations.
Assessing archaism in Philippine Indigenous languages: the case of Kankanaey as spoken in Mankayan, Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Pelila (Kankanaey) John Rey Osben , Ayao-ao Shirley Lacson
Published: December 2024

Once considered safe, the Kankanaey (a Northern Philippine language) language now faces risks due to code-switching, linguistic discrimination, and language dominance. These issues lead to the replacement of traditional words with borrowed terms, resulting in archaism. This study investigated archaism in the Kankanaey language within Barangay Suyoc, in Mankayan, Benguet, Philippines. Using a mixed-method sequential explanatory design, a group elicitation method and survey were employed for the quantitative phase, while a focus group discussion was conducted for the qualitative phase. Of the 100 words surveyed, 51 were non-archaic, 43 were semi-archaic, and 6 were archaic. The prevalence of archaism in the language among the people of Barangay Suyoc can be attributed to ongoing changes in the community, which manifest through various processes. Hence, it was concluded that despite the language being stable, archaism is inevitable. However, continuous language documentation is highly recommended.
Ontological security crisis and role conception change: the impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on the European Union’s role conceptions
Authors: Friedrichs Gordon M. , Sommer Jule
Published: December 2024

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has put significant pressure on the European Union’s (EU) role conceptions, challenging its self-perception as a normative and civilian power. This article explores the impact of the invasion on EU role conceptions through the lens of ontological security theory. We differentiate between ontological insecurity and crisis, elucidating the EU’s responses to acute shocks that disrupt the connection between its self-image and social roles. Drawing on role theory, we examine how the invasion has prompted the EU to reconsider its roles. We identify adjustment, adaptation, innovation, and abandonment as key types of role change, exploring how these responses vary across individual roles within the EU’s role set. By combining qualitative and quantitative content analysis of EU documents, we empirically investigate changes in EU role conceptions pre- and post-invasion. Our analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of role theory’s application to international organizations (IOs), bridging gaps between foreign policy analysis and IO research. In addition, we advance methodological approaches to studying role changes, offering insights into the complex interplay between external events, institutional identity formation, and ontological security in the context of geopolitical crises.
Exposure or age? The effect of additional CLIL instruction on young learners’ grammatical complexity while performing an oral task
Authors: Azpilicueta-Martínez Raúl
Published: December 2024

The purported foreign language gains of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) over traditional EFL (English as a foreign language) programs with young learners are still unclear. Specifically, little is known about how CLIL time and timing impact grammatical complexity. Additionally, mediating factors such as socioeconomic status (SES) and extramural exposure have been rarely controlled in the existing literature. This study analysed grammatical complexity in four groups of young learners in Spain ( n = 108) during an oral task. The sample comprised: (1) an EFL-only group (1,766 EFL hours), (2) a low-exposure CLIL group (1,766 EFL hours + 707 CLIL hours), (3) a high-exposure CLIL group (1,766 EFL hours + 2,473 CLIL hours), and (4) a younger high-exposure CLIL group (1,545 EFL hours + 2,164 CLIL hours). All groups were matched for SES and extramural exposure. The analysis included independent ratings and computational measures of overall sentence complexity, subordination, and coordination. Distribution, Kruskal–Wallis and post-hoc tests were conducted. Results showed significant differences in favour of the high-exposure groups over the EFL-only group in the ratings and in two of the computational measures: overall sentence complexity and subordination. This evidence highlights the potential of high-exposure CLIL to supplement grammatical instruction in EFL programs. Our results also suggest that the comparatively higher exposure of the younger high-exposure CLIL group has the potential to override the one-year cognitive advantage of the older, EFL-only learners.