bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Mitochondrial-Based Interventions in the Management of Crohn’s Disease- A Systematic Review
Authors: Sauren Joshua , Höhfeld David , Keferstein Leif Gerrit
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBackground: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder with limited treatment options. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in CD pathogenesis, and mitochondrial-based interventions have emerged as a potential therapeutic avenue. This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy of mitochondrial-based interventions in the management of CD.Methods: A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted to identify relevant studies in accordance with the PRISMA protocol. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies investigating mitochondrial-targeted interventions in CD patients. Methodological quality and risk of bias assessments were performed. Data synthesis involved both quantitative meta-analysis and qualitative narrative synthesis.Results: A total of 23 studies were included in this review, comprising randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case reports. Mitochondrial-based interventions encompassed nutraceuticals, probiotics, exercise, and dietary modifications. However, the overall quality of evidence was moderate, primarily due to methodological limitations in some studies.Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that mitochondrial-based interventions hold promise as adjunctive therapies for CD management. They appear to contribute to clinical remission and amelioration of disease activity. Nevertheless, the moderate quality of evidence underscores the need for further well-designed clinical trials to substantiate these findings and delineate optimal intervention strategies.
Phase Transition and Atomic Distances Behavior of ZnO Rocksalt Structure under Extended Pressure: a Parallel and Equilibrium MD Computation
Authors: Chergui Yahia , Ouatizerga Abd elaziz , Salah Essma Redouane
Published: September 2023

Zinc oxide (ZnO) as a semiconductor in its crystalline or amorphous form is still a promised material, especially under isobaric and isothermal ensembles. In this work, Parallel and Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics and DL_POLY_4 software are employed to predict the relationship between the behavior of ZnO chemical bonds and the phase transition literatures, using correlation function g(r) of Zn-Zn, Zn-O, and O-O pairs. Our system is composed of 5832 atoms of ZnO rocksalt structure (2916 atoms of Zn2+ and 2916 atoms of O2-), under the temperature of 300 (K) and the range of pressure 0-400 (GPa). The lengths of ZnO bonds, the standard error, standard deviation, the maximum of g(r), and the percentage of the variation of the bonds are analyzed. The interatomic interactions are modeled by the potential of Buckingham for short-range and Coulomb for long-range interactions. The calculations were run on the RAVEN Supercomputer of Cardiff University (UK). Our data are mostly in the vicinity of available information of bonds lengths; the rest can be deduced from the pressure of phase transition to use it as a new approach of phase transition confirmation. However, the rest of our results are still a prediction because of no results under extended pressure used in this work.
Histone H3K36 and H3K27 Modifiers and Readers as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Cancer—A Pancancer Analysis
Authors: Ugwu Chidiebube , Lin Pauline , Laliotis George
Published: September 2023

Histone modifications, especially H3K27 and H3K36 methylations, are crucial for epigenetic regulation and are often dysregulated in cancer. In a comprehensive analysis of 11,194 patient samples across 32 cancer types, we identified significant genomic alterations in H3K27 and H3K36 modifiers, with the most common being in KDM6B, BRPF1, KDM6A, SETD2, and NSD1. Patients with these alterations also frequently exhibited mutations in genes like TP53 and PIK3CA. Moreover, the presence of these histone modifier alterations correlated with poorer overall survival, emphasizing their potential as both oncogenic drivers and prognostic markers in various cancers.
Analysis of Influencing Factors of Metabolic Risk of Physical Education College Students and Construction of Diagnostic Model
Authors: lu Xia
Published: September 2023

Physical education college students' own metabolism law is complex. Accurate and dynamic detection of physical education college students' own metabolism cycle function can scientifically analyze the influence of aerobic metabolism and anaerobic metabolism on training, and promote scientific group training. An analysis and diagnosis model of influencing factors of metabolic risk of physical education college students based on covariate BMI and multiple regression analysis of body fat ratio is proposed, and a parameter evaluation system which can reflect the metabolic cycle function and overall cardiopulmonary function of physical education college students is constructed. The metabolic level coefficient of maximal oxygen uptake, glycolysis energy supply and aerobic oxidation energy supply system are taken as independent variables, and other functional evaluation indexes are taken as dependent variables. The multi-layer factor iterative analysis model is constructed. Through the difference of energy supply ratio of athletes' competition energy metabolism system, the influencing factors of students' physical function metabolism risk are analyzed. The overall characteristics of energy supply ratio, the percentage of energy metabolism level and the metabolism level of aerobic oxidation energy supply system of athletes are comprehensively evaluated, and the internal relationship between aerobic metabolism ability and anaerobic metabolism ability of students' physical function is obtained, so as to realize the analysis of influencing factors of students' physical function metabolism risk and the construction of diagnosis model. The test results show that the model can effectively detect the influencing factors of the metabolic risk of physical function of college students in physical education institutes, and the detection algorithm has convergence and stability. Based on the analysis results, targeted training can be carried out to improve the aerobic capacity and anaerobic capacity of physical function of college students in physical education institutes, which provides theoretical and data basis for guiding the avoidance of metabolic risk of physical function of college students and improving the training level.
Milk yield and composition in dairy goats fed pornunça hay or cactus pear levels
Authors: Nunes Luiz Américo de Araújo , Queiroz Mário Adriano Ávila , Menezes Daniel Ribeiro , de Santana Aline Silva , Silva Ana Paula Ribeiro , Araújo Eder Jofry Benevides , Lima Anny Graycy Vasconcelos de Oliveira , Cruz Cláudia Horne da , Silva Crislane de Souza , Nunes Timóteo Silva dos Santos , Melo Sánara Adrielle França , Barbosa Steyce Neves
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diets containing pornunça hay (Manihot sp) and levels of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill) in their natural state on the intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, milk production, and quality, as well as the economic feasibility for lactating goats. Eight multiparous goats with 30 days of lactation and an average weight of 40 ± 2.5 kg and an average production of 2 ± 1.8 kg/day were used, distributed in a double Latin square design (4x4). The treatments consisted of isoproteic diets which are composed of increasing levels of cactus pear (0, 10, 20, and 30% dry matter). Incorporating cactus pear into the diet of lactating goats resulted in a significant decrease (P<0.05) in water intake and the intake of most evaluated nutrients, which directly reflected in the diet effectively consumed by the animals. However, it did not affect (P>0.05) milk production or fat-corrected milk production. Incorporating cactus pear into the diet of lactating goats resulted in a significant decrease (P<0.05) in production costs, water intake, and the intake of most evaluated nutrients, which were directly reflected in the diet effectively consumed by the animals. However, it did not affect (P>0.05) milk production or fat-corrected milk production. The level of 30% cactus pear inclusion in the diet of lactating goats increased the economic efficiency of production without affecting milk production and maintaining a good composition of solids.
Radon entry indoors due to soil gas and tap water in a temperate climate: impact of infiltration rate and seismicity
Authors: Stoulos Stylianos
Published: September 2023

Radon entry rates indoors were monitored using prototype devices approaching a dwelling with a cellar basement at 1 m depth. The radon concentrations in soil gas were also measured at 1 m depth. Integrated measurements were performed, and the results correlated with meteorological parameters. The influence of the difference in outdoor and device-soil temperature was discussed, and the infiltration rate was calculated. The effect of the soil temperature gradient on the soil radon entry rate was analyzed. The indoor radon entry rate due to the soil gas was 7.0 ± 2.7 Bq m− 3 h− 1. The radon entry rate.was 5.0 ± 0.8 Bq m− 3 h− 1 due to diffusion. The advection-drive flow of soil gas is ranged up to ± 4.0 Bq m− 3 h− 1. The infiltration rate of the model dwelling was 0.7 (± 0.5) x10− 1 h− 1 if only the stack effect occurred. The soil radon entry is increased by one order of magnitude when the ventilation is low or seismic faulting appears. The radon levels in tap water were measured, and the radon entry rate was estimated at 1.3 ± 0.7 Bq m− 3 h− 1. The soil radon appeared like the building materials rate, having 1/3 of the total, while outdoor air was slightly lower (28%), with tap water at 5%. The resident's mortality risk occurred at < 2.5% for typical dwellings in temperate climate areas founded on sand-gravel underground. The risk rises to 34% with an extremely low ventilation rate and high radon entry from the soil and building materials.
Assessing Adversarial Replay and Deep Learning-Driven Attacks on Specific Emitter Identification-based Security Approaches
Authors: Tyler Joshua , Fadul Mohamed , Hilling Matthew , Reising Donald , Loveless Daniel
Published: September 2023

Specific Emitter Identification (SEI) has been put forward as an Internet of Things (IoT) Physical Layer Security (PLS) approach for its ability to detect, characterize, and identify wireless emitters by exploiting distinct, inherent, and unintentional features in their transmitted signals. Since its introduction, a significant amount of work has been conducted; however, most assume the emitters are passive and that their identifying signal features are immutable and challenging to mimic. This suggests the emitters are reluctant and incapable of developing and implementing effective SEI countermeasures; however, Deep Learning (DL) has been shown capable of learning emitter-specific features directly from their raw in-phase and quadrature signal samples, while Software-Defined Radios (SDRs) are capable of manipulating these signal samples. Based on these capabilities, it is fair to question the ease at which an emitter can effectively mimic the SEI features of another or manipulate its own to hinder or defeat SEI. This work considers SEI mimicry using three signal features mimicking countermeasures; “off-the-self” DL; two SDRs of different sizes, weights, power, and cost (SWaP-C); handcrafted and DL-based SEI processes, and assessment of an SEI mimicry countermeasure in a ''coffee shop'' deployment. Our results show “off-the-shelf” DL algorithms, and SDR enables SEI mimicry; however, adversary success is hindered by: (i) the use of decoy emitter {preambles}, (ii) the use of a denoising autoencoder and (iii) SDR SWaP-C constraints.
Calcium as a predictor of prolonged mechanical ventilation after mandibular distraction osteogenesis in Pierre Robin Sequence patients： A retrospective study
Authors: Xu Xianzhi , Zhang Huiwen , Lu Weifeng
Published: September 2023

Background and objectives To investigate the predictive value of calcium in prolonged mechanical ventilation（PMV）following mandibular distraction osteogenesis（MDO）in patients with Pierre Robin Sequence.
Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 281 patients with Pierre Robin Sequence who underwent MDO at Nanjing Children's Hospital from April 2018 to April 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: the PMV group and the control group, based on whether the duration of mechanical ventilation was greater than 48 hours. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to determine the predictive value of calcium for prolonged mechanical ventilation after MDO in patients with Pierre Robin sequence.
Results Out of the total 281 children included in the study, 69 (24.5%) were in the PMV group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that calcium, low birth weight, and neonatal pneumonia were independent factors influencing the duration of mechanical ventilation after MDO for Pierre Robin sequence. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for Ca2+ in predicting the occurrence of PMV after MDO in patients with Pierre Robin sequence was 0.811 (95% CI: 0.032-0.210), with an optimal cut-off value of 9.8 mg/dl, sensitivity of 81.2%, and specificity of 66.9%.
Conclusion The probability of PMV is higher in patients with Pierre Robin sequence when the serum calcium ion concentration is reduced. Therefore, serum calcium ion can serve as an indicator for predicting the likelihood of developing PMV in patients with Pierre Robin sequence following MDO surgery.
Pregnancy and delivery in late diagnosed Kindler syndrome: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ghasemi Malihe , Najafi Mohammad Javad , Milani atousa Mortazavi , Rokni Ghasem Rahmatpour , Nazarpour Mahmoud , Aezzi Goli
Published: September 2023

Epidermolysis bullosa is a collection of infrequent, diverse, and genetic disorders with four primary classifications, identified by the skin's vulnerability and, in some cases, mucosal fragility. The skin and mucosal layers separate when subjected to friction or mechanical stress, leading to blisters and erosions within these tissues. A woman aged 29, afflicted with Kindler syndrome, presented at our hospital experiencing labor contractions. Her skin condition remained unaltered throughout her pregnancy and post-childbirth period. A cesarean section was carried out at the 38-week gestation mark due to an unplanned membrane rupture and dense meconium presence. The healing of the surgical wound proceeded without complications. In this instance, the patient's pregnancy did not intensify the skin-related symptoms of Kindler syndrome. It is critical to manage perioperative care to safeguard susceptible skin and mucosa carefully. The patient's journey throughout pregnancy and the postnatal period proceeded without notable incidents. Individuals with EB giving birth often require substantial assistance due to their condition.
Risk Factors for Severe Early Neonatal Morbidity among Term Neonates Admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania-A nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Lijohi Fatma , Suleiman Ismail Mohamed , Muganyizi Projestine , Manji Karim
Published: September 2023

Background: Early neonatal period is the first seven days of life, the riskiest period for adverse neonatal outcomes. About 4 million neonatal deaths worldwide occur yearly; three-quarters happen in the first week. Severe morbid neonates are at increased mortality risk than the rest. Studies addressing risk factors for severe early neonatal morbidity concentrate on premature babies with less attention to term neonates. Risk factors differ substantially because term neonates are expected to be healthier due to their physiological maturity. The study focused on term babies admitted at MNH Neonatal Care Unit within the first seven days of life to identify severe morbidity risk factors.
Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted on all term neonates admitted within seven days of birth during the study period from September to December 2014. We adopted the MAIN-score checklist during data collection and follow-up. The death or more of the selected morbidity items within seven days of delivery was used to distinguish between severe and less severe-morbid neonates. Data was obtained from the review of neonatal unit case notes, RCH4 cards, delivery records, and interviews with the mothers. Univariate regressions were used to determine Odds ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals estimating risks for severe morbidity and clinical importance of the individual risk factors, respectively. Multivariate was performed, determining the independent risk factors for severe morbidity. The p-value of 0.05 or less was taken as statistically significant. Ethical clearance was obtained from MUHAS Senate Research and Publication Committee and Muhimbili National Hospital.
Results: A total of 2104 newborns were admitted at MNH-NCU during the study period, and 1624 didn't meet the criteria for the study. The analysis was done on 463 term neonates, where 220(47.5%) had severe early neonatal morbidity. The proportion of early neonatal morbidity for term neonates was 255.7 per 1000 neonates. Low birth weight in term babies and UTI during pregnancy were independently associated with severe early neonatal morbidity.
Conclusion: Severe early neonatal morbidity of term neonates with no congenital anomaly was a serious adverse outcome with a high proportion and warranted further investigations. Furthermore, studies are recommended for the identification of more risk factors.
Y chromosome and mitochondria genetic diversity provide further insights into the introgression history of sheep
Authors: Fang Wenwen , Liu Yu , Zhang Huanhuan , Cai Yudong , Cheng Hong , Xiao Cheng , Jiang Yu , Jin Haiguo , Li Ran , Cao Yang
Published: September 2023

Background: Introgression is an important way to reveal the origin, domestication, and migration of domestic animals. Great progress has been made in the research on the introgression of domestic sheep from wild sheep over recent years. However, it is still difficult to explain some adaptations to the weather or environment of livestock species because of the complexity of the introgression events and domestication process. Here, we provide further insights into the introgression history of sheep by not only paternal genetic diversity but maternal inheritance based on the whole genome resequencing data of 412 rams worldwide and 396 complete mitogenomes of O.aries.
Results: Analysis of paternal and maternal genetic diversity showed that 5 Y chromosome haplogroups and 7 mitochondrial haplogroups were identified, in which the lineage mtF and mtG were newly found and defined, making a foundation on further investigation to the introgression history of sheep and we speculated the lineage HY2 and mtC were introgressed from Iranian mouflons. We first revealed the mouflon sheep in the central and western Iran have higher introgression ratio into domestic sheep, the average rate reaching above 10%, indicating they were more likely to be the infiltrated ancestral contributors. In addition, the results of enrichment analysis on introgressive fragments showed that the gene flow of Iranian mouflon sheep into domestic sheep mainly enriches pathways such as protein binding, cell migration and other biological reaction process, providing supports for illustrating the climatic and environmental adaptions on domestic sheep. Interestingly, we found an infiltrated gene KYAT3 from Iranian mouflons may have an effect on the metabolism of Ethiopian local sheep.
Conclusion: In this study, we analyzed the Y chromosome and mitochondrial haplotype diversity to identify clades that may influence infiltration in Iranian mouflons, calculated the percentage of infiltration of Iranian mouflons into the world’s domestic sheep and obtained some infiltration fragments adapted to the environment. These results will provide further insights into the introgression history of sheep.
Mental Health and Quality of Life in Patients with Premenstrual Exacerbation: A Cross- Sectional Study in Japan
Authors: Ogawa Mariko , Iioka Yukiko , Takamatsu Kiyoshi
Published: September 2023

Background: Premenstrual symptoms in women affect their social life and require treatment based on an appropriate diagnosis. In the classification of premenstrual disorders (PMDs), premenstrual exacerbations of the underlying medical conditions are listed as premenstrual exacerbation (PME) as one of the variants of PMDs along with core premenstrual disorder (PMD). However, the incidence of PME and its impact on mental health and quality of life have not been studied. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of PME among women seeking treatment for premenstrual symptoms in Japan and compared the degree of anxiety, depression, and quality of life between women with PME and premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
Methods: Women who presented to the obstetrics and gynecology department of our hospital for the treatment of premenstrual symptoms and were diagnosed with PMDs using forward-pointing records were included in the study. Based on the diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups (PMS, PMDD, and PME), and their responses to a mental health and quality of life questionnaire during the initial visit were analyzed.
Results: Overall, 32 women were diagnosed with PMDs (53.1% with PMS, 15.6% with PMDD, and 31.3% with PME). All underlying medical conditions in women with PME were psychiatric disorders. Except for parity, there were no significant differences in various factors among the PMS, PMDD, and PME groups. Regarding mental health, the PME group had higher anxiety and depression scores than the PMS group. In terms of quality of life, the PME group had lower scores in all domains, except physical functioning, compared to the PMS group, while the PMDD group had lower scores in social functioning.
Conclusions: Approximately 30% of women with PMD had PME. Women with PME were more anxious and depressed than those with PMS, and their quality of life was extremely low in both physical and psychological domains. Patients with premenstrual symptoms should be managed with the consideration of the possibility of PME.
Molecular Subtype Identification and Prognosis Stratification Based on Golgi Apparatus-Related Genes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Aichun , He Xiao , Zhang Chen , Tang Xuxia
Published: September 2023

Background: Abnormal dynamics of the Golgi apparatus reshape the tumor microenvironment and immune landscape, playing a crucial role in the prognosis and treatment response of cancer. This study aims to investigate the potential role of Golgi apparatus-related genes (GARGs) in the heterogeneity and prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Methods: The transcriptional data and corresponding clinical information of HNSCC were obtained from public databases. GARGs with differential expression were identified, and those associated with prognosis were identified through univariate Cox regression analysis. Consensus clustering was used to classify HNSCC into molecular subtypes. Lasso Cox regression analysis was used to screen and construct prognostic risk features for HNSCC, and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the prognostic performance of the risk model. Differences in immune infiltration, clinical and pathological characteristics, and treatment response were compared between different subtypes and risk groups.
Results: A total of 321 GARGs that were differentially expressed were identified, out of which 69 were associated with the prognosis of HNSCC. Based on these prognostic genes, two molecular subtypes of HNSCC were identified, which showed significant differences in prognosis. Additionally, a risk feature consisting of 28 genes was constructed for assessing the prognosis of HNSCC. This feature could divide HNSCC into high-risk and low-risk groups with significant differences in prognosis, and the ROC curve indicated excellent prognostic evaluation performance. This prognostic feature was related to survival outcome, grade, T stage, chemotherapy, and other features. Immune response-related pathways were significantly activated in the low-risk group with better prognosis. There were significant differences in chemotherapy drug sensitivity and immune therapy response between the high-risk and low-risk groups, with the low-risk group being more suitable for receiving immunotherapy. Riskscore, N stage, and radiotherapy were independent prognostic factors for HNSCC and were used to construct a nomogram, which had good clinical applicability.
Conclusions: We have identified two molecular subtypes of HNSCC that are derived from GARGs. A GARGs-derived risgnature was also developed, which can be used in combination with other clinical features for the assessment of HNSCC prognosis.
A challenging study on compatibility or incompatibility of vegetable-based lubricant with human health
Authors: Musavi Seyed hasan , Davoodi Behnam
Published: September 2023

More than 70% of industrial lubricant waste releases into nature after a period of utilization without any filtration stage. Knowing environmental concerns and increasing regulations over pollution, the request to use risk-free lubricant is irrefutable. One of these lubricants is vegetable-based cutting fluid (VBCF), which has recently attracted attention. The present work has tried to study the compatibility or incompatibility of VBCF with human health and provide a method for eliminating or reducing their potential risks. To achieve this goal, a study on one of the most known, destructive, and accessible microbes (Pseudomonas) in the workshop environment was performed. The results showed that Pseudomonas could multiply in solid and liquid mediums, and its colonies could quickly propagate in VBCF. Therefore, as a significant achievement in this study, unreinforced VBCF is not a suitable selection from a health point of view. Although these cutting fluids are introduced as a compatible lubricant with humans and the environment, bacteria and mold can multiply swiftly without apparent alterations. It was also observed that using nanoparticles like copper-oxide with a specific volume fraction (0.4%) could fight with the biofilm of Pseudomonas to destroy the colonies at the initial time of their formation. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images and Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis also studied the machinability attributes. The machining tests indicated that the nanofluid also greatly impacts the control of tool wear mechanisms and surface quality in A286 superalloy machining.
Block-circulant with circulant-block preconditioners for two-dimensional spatial fractional diffusion equations
Authors: Ran Yu-Hong , Wu Qian-Qian
Published: September 2023

The implicit finite difference scheme with the shifted Grünwald formula for discretizing the two-dimensional spatial fractional diffusion equations can result in discrete linear systems whose coefficient matrices are the sum of the identity matrix and a block-Toeplitz with Toeplitz-block matrix. For these coefficient matrices, we construct block-circulant with circulant-block preconditioners to further accelerate the convergence rate of the Krylov subspace iteration methods. We analyze the eigenvalue distributions for the corresponding preconditioned matrices. Theoretical results show that the Euclidean norms of the preconditioned matrices are bounded, and except for a small number of outliners the eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrices are located within a complex disk centered at 1 with the radius being very small. Numerical experiments demonstrate that these structured preconditioners can significantly improve the convergence behavior of the Krylov subspace iteration methods. Moreover, when the discretization grid h is refined, the preconditioned Krylov subspace iteration methods require an almost constant number of iteration steps and, hence, they show h-independent convergence behavior.
Complete genome sequence of a novel isolate of avian orthoavulavirus serotype 1 from Himalayan Griffon vulture
Authors: Bhattacharya Shinjini , Deka Pankaj , Das Sangeeta , Ali Samshul , Choudhury Bhaskar , Kakati Parikshit , Kumar Sachin
Published: September 2023

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as orthoavulavirus 1, is an avian pathogen that was originally identified in 1926 [10, 16]. NDV infection has been reported in a wide range of birds with varied degrees of susceptibility [14]. Several countries worldwide, including Korea, India, Sri Lanka, Japan, Australia, and the Philippines, reported successive ND outbreaks [1, 6, 23, 27]. According to National Animal Disease Referral Expert System (NADRES) data, NDV outbreaks have been reported recently from different states in India including Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Pondicherry, West Bengal, Tripura, Manipur, Meghalaya, Haryana, Nagaland, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh. Many isolates have been reported from wild avian species apart from poultry in India [11, 12, 22]. On the basis of virulence, NDV strains are broadly categorized as lentogenic (least), mesogenic (moderately), and velogenic (highly) pathotypes [2].
Analysis of clinical characteristics and predisposing risk factors of the contralateral hip fracture after initial hip fracture in elderly patients—A retrospective cohort study of 1,586 patients
Authors: Zhao Liping , Tian Shoujin , Sha Weiping , Wang Liming , Xu Youjia
Published: September 2023

Contralateral hip fracture may occur easily in elderly patients with initial hip fracture. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and major predisposing risk factors of contralateral hip fractures after initial hip fracture in the elderly, providing clinical basis for hip refracture prevention. Data of 1,586 patients were retrospectively analyzed, who sustained first and second hip fracture, and all underwent surgical treatment in our department. The possible predictive factors for the contralateral hip fractures and descriptive statistics related to surgery (blood loss, operation time, the length of hospital stay etc) were recorded. 133 patients suffered from contralateral hip fracture, with the incidence of 8.4%. The refracture rates after femoral neck and intertrochanteric fracture was 5.4% and 10.7% respectively(P<0.01). 54 cases of contralateral hip fracture occurred within 1 year, accounting for 40.6%, 95 cases(71.4%) and 105 cases(78.9%) within two and three years respectvely, the interval time of 21.6 months. The risk factors for sustaining contralateral hip fracture were age, first fracture type, Bone mineral density(BMD), Singh index and concomitant internal medical diseases, which were highly associated with an increased risk for contralateral hip fractures in multivariate logistic regression analysis(P<0.05). Concomitant internal medical diseases, first fracture type，BMD, Singh index and age were found to be the key predictable risk factors for contralateral hip fracture in the elderly with first hip fracture.
A modified classification and treatment strategy for subscapular tendon tears under arthroscopy
Authors: Luo Cheng , Chen Yan , Li Shangzhong , Zhu Biao
Published: September 2023

Background: Given the increasing anatomical study of the subscapular (SSC) tendon and its adjacent anatomical structure, the present study proposed a modified arthroscopic classification system.
Methods: Between April 2018 and April 2021, 119 of 312 rotator cuff tears with isolated SSC tears or SSC tears associated with supraspinatus (SP) or infraspinatus tendon (IS) tears diagnosed by the author were considered potentially eligible for inclusion in this prospective study. In addition to routine arthroscopic examination, the present study carefully identified the SSC tear and adjacent long head biceps(LHB) and pulley as well as performed corresponding treatment according to the lesion. All procedures were performed by the author as a single surgeon.
Results: This study modified SSC tears classification defined by Habermeyer Pinto eight types according to tears size and bicipital pulley lesions : Type I tears are located in the superior third of the first facet footprint of the SSC tendon; Type Ia tears accompany an intact LHB pulley or superior glenohumeral ligament(SGHL)lesion , while Type Ib tears accompany a medial coracohumeral ligaments(mCHL) tear or SGHL lesion. Type II tears are defined as the detachment of SSC exceeding one-third of the first facet footprint but not exceeding the whole; Type IIa tears accompany an intact LHB pulley or SGHL lesion, while Type IIb tears accompany a mCHL tear or SGHL lesion. Type III tears are defined as SSC detachment exceeding the first facet footprint but not exceeding the second facet footprint; Type IIIa tears accompany an intact LHB pulley or SGHL lesion, while Type IIIb tears accompany a mCHL tear or SGHL lesion. Type IV tears are defined as SSC detachment exceedingthe second facet footprint regardless of the tendon quality and retraction; Type IVa tears accompany an intact LHB pulley or SGHL lesion, while Type IVb tears accompany a mCHL tear or SGHL lesion
Conclusions: On the basis of these observations, this modified arthroscopic classification of SSC tears was more concise and provided guideline according to tear type and obtained satisfactory early-and mid-stage clinical results.
Sea-land connectivity in the global complex network: the case of United Kingdom
Authors: Martín Barbara Polo , Ducruet César
Published: September 2023

The main objective of this research is to analyse the connectivity of cities in a coupled network made of planar (railways) and non-planar (maritime) topologies. It takes the state of the network during the period 1880–1925, namely the context of the First Globalization wave (1880–1914), when trade and urban development were closely tied to progress in communications systems and especially steam propulsion. Edges represent intercity physical infrastructure on land, and inter-port ship voyages at sea. We test several hypotheses in terms of inter-network specialization and urban hierarchies. Main results underline a crucial influence of railway proximity on vessel traffic volume. A case study of the United Kingdom also reveals that the networks are highly interdependent, while the combination of infrastructures is closely associated with city size and urban growth. We discuss main results in the light of network science, spatial science, maritime history, and transport research.
Developing a Charlson Comorbidity Index for the American Indian Population Using the Epidemiologic Data from the Strong Heart Study
Authors: Rogers Paul , Merenda Christine , Araojo Richardae , Lee Christine , Lolic Milena , Zhang Ying , Reese Jessica , Malloy Kimberly , Wang Dong , Zou Wen , Xu Joshua , Lee Elisa
Published: September 2023

Background
The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is a frequently used mortality predictor based on a scoring system for the number and type of patient comorbidities health researchers have used since the late 1980s. The initial purpose of the CCI was to classify comorbid conditions, which could alter the risk of patient mortality within a one-year time frame. However, the CCI may not accurately reflect risk among American Indians because they are a small proportion of the U.S. population and possibly lack representation in the original patient cohort. A motivating factor in calibrating a CCI for American Indians is that this population, as a whole, experiences a greater burden of comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic health conditions, than the rest of the U.S. population.
Methods
This study attempted to modify the CCI to be specific to the American Indian population utilizing the data from the still ongoing The Strong Heart Study (SHS) - a multi-center population-based longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease among American Indians.
A one-year survival analysis with mortality as the outcome was performed using the SHS morbidity and mortality surveillance data and assessing the impact of comorbidities in terms of hazard ratios with the training cohort. A Kaplan-Meier plot for a subset of the testing cohort was used to compare groups with selected mCCI-AI scores.
Results
A total of 3,038 Phase VI participants from the SHS comprised the study population for whom mortality and morbidity surveillance data were available through December 2019. The weights generated by the SHS participants for myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and high blood pressure were greater than Charlson’s original weights. In addition, the weights for liver illness were equivalent to Charlson’s severe form of the disease. Lung cancer had the greatest overall weight derived from a hazard ratio of 8.308.
Conclusions
The mCCI-AI was a statistically significant predictor of one-year mortality, classifying patients into different risk strata X2 (8, N = 1,245) = 30.56 (p = .0002). The mCCI-AI exhibited superior performance over the CCI, able to discriminate between participants who died and those who survived 73% of the time.
Robot-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for benign tumors at the cervicothoracic junction：A retrospective study
Authors: Maitiyasen Maierhaba , Peng Hao , Li Jingfeng , Liu Yuxuan , Gao Chuan , Chen Jing , Yi Jun
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) using the da Vinci robotic system for benign tumors of the cervicothoracic junction resection, and to describe the patients' postoperative health-related quality of life.
METHODS
This retrospective analysis included 46 patients who underwent RATS for benign cervicothoracic junction tumors between April 2017 and December 2021. Clinical data, including manifestation, surgical technique, morbidity, resection degree, outcome, and pathological types, were collected. We administered the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire to assess patients' postoperative health-related quality of life.
RESULTS
All patients underwent successful resection of a benign tumor at the cervicothoracic junction with no intraoperative complications. The median operation time was 105 min, median duration of the chest tube was 1 d, and median postoperative hospital stay was 2 days. Four (8.7%) patients developed postoperative complications. The 3-year overall survival rate was 100% and the 5-year overall survival rate was 87.5%. An elderly patient died 56 months after surgery due to heart attack. No recurrence was found during the follow-up. For health-related quality of life, the mean EQ-5D-5L index for all patients was 0.808. Tumor sizes larger than 5 cm(mean ± SD = 0.768 ± 0.111, F = 5.173, p = 0.028) and neurogenic tumors (mean ± SD = 0.702 ± 0.082, F=-16.143, p < 0.001) remained significantly independently associated with a lower EQ-5D-5L index.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that robot-assisted thoracic surgery for benign tumors of the cervicothoracic junction is a safe and technically feasible procedure, especially for tumors < 5 cm and non-neurogenic tumors.
Silk-Derived Protein-4 (SDP-4) versus a novel sodium acetate vehicle in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease: a randomized, dual cohort, controlled trial
Authors: Lawrence Brian D. , Karpecki Paul M. , Levy Brian , Infanger David W.
Published: September 2023

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) affects over 400 million people globally, with 120 million Americans spending $3 billion per year on eye drops to treat their symptoms that significantly reduce their quality of life from reduced vision and chronic suffering. There is a significant unmet need for products that provide both immediate relief and long-term symptom reduction. The amphiphilic, mucin-like, chemistry of silk-derived protein-4 (SDP-4) enhances coating on the ocular surface to improve tear film stability and comfort. Additionally, previous studies support that both SDP-4 and sodium acetate inhibit inflammation, which is a known and significant driver of DED symptomatology.
Methods: Preservative free eye drops were formulated with sodium acetate buffer as a vehicle, in which SDP-4 was added at 0.1%, 1%, and 3% wt./wt. concentrations. The product was evaluated in an exploratory Phase 2 clinical study that compared the treatment effect of SDP-4 vs vehicle in patients with moderate-to-severe or only moderate baseline symptomatology (N = 456, n1=305, n2=151). Patients were dosed twice daily (BID) for a period of up to 84 days.
Results: The best performing dosing arm, 1% SDP-4, increased tear film stability and reduced DED symptoms by the first week of treatment with continued reduction in symptoms through the 84-day study period. The treatment significantly increased the DED sign of Tear Breakup Time (TBUT) vs the vehicle control (P<0.05) at days 28 and 56. TBUT is an accepted measure of tear film stability. Furthermore, patient symptomatology from baseline was reduced by 46% based on subjectively reported Symptom Assessment iN Dry Eye (SANDE) visual analog scale (VAS) scores at day 84. Most importantly, patients with severer baseline DED experienced a significantly greater reduction in symptomatology than patients with moderate baseline DED (P<0.01). For all patients, SDP-4 and the vehicle was well tolerated throughout the study with a low 2.6% discontinuation rate.
Conclusions: The favorable combination of safety, comfort, and symptom reduction positions SDP-4 sodium acetate formulations as an innovative approach for treating DED by simultaneously providing immediate comfort at use, and addressing the symptomatology in the difficult to treat severe DED patient population.
Trial registration
Name of registry: www.ClinicalTrials.gov
Trial registration numbers: NCT03889886 (first cohort) and NCT04535947 (second cohort)
Date of registration: March 26, 2019
URL of trial registry record: clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03889886 (first cohort) and clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04535947 (second cohort)
Behavioral Analysis-based Labeling for Physical Exercise Posture Image Dataset using National Artificial Intelligence Computing Platform
Authors: Lee Byung-Gook , Ulziisaikhan Ulziichimeg , Heo Seoyoon , Choi Wansuk
Published: September 2023

Recently, research on physical fitness posture estimation in the virtual space using artificial intelligence (AI) has been actively conducted. However, AI has been difficult due to a lack of fitness datasets and guidelines. To advance fitness posture estimation algorithm through analyzing fitness image provided by national artificial intelligence Platform known as AI-Hub (powered by National Information society Agency, NIA) in Korea and approaching it wider and deeper from the perspective of exercise prescription vacation and behavioral analysis. Through this advancement, this study intended to closely analyze fitness movements and guide correct exercise posture with screen and sound. Referring to image and labeling JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) file provided by AI-Hub, contents necessary and useful for the posture estimation algorithm from the perspective of exercise prescription were explained in writing, diagrams, and photos. The structure of data for 6 million consecutive and diverse fitness images and labeling data of scenes was analyzed. In addition to existing explanation, exercise state and posture of exercise in the data structure of 41 fitness images were analyzed and presented in detail. In addition, annotation and labeling characteristics were explained in detail with photo images.
Conclusion: Detailed description and introduction of fitness image analyzed in this study would help developers of exercise coach web/ app services use fitness images by upgrading posture estimation algorithms using AI.
BwMMV-pred: A Novel Ensemble learning approach using blood smear images for Malaria Prediction
Authors: Tayyeb Arabi , Alim Muhammad Affan , Alam Mansoor , Su’ud Mazliham Mohd
Published: September 2023

The utilization of machine learning in healthcare is widespread, aiding doctors and clinicians in various capacities. One of the critical implementations of machine learning in healthcare is the creation of an automated diagnosis system capable of predicting outcomes equivalent to or surpassing those of human experts. This study illustrated the optimistic outcomes using the proposed Blending with Meta Majority Voting (BwMMV) method as a cutting-edge and highly effective ensemble learning technique. Essentially, the Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBPH), a straightforward and effective texture operator, was utilized to convert the blood smear images into their underlying texture characteristics. The proposed approach BwMMV involves creating a new dataset by using the predictions generated by the 8 base classifiers, also known as an intermediate dataset. This intermediate dataset is then used to develop five additional models using 5 distinct machine-learning algorithms, called meta-models. The final decision is made using a majority voting technique, where the outcome with the highest number of votes is selected as the final choice. The proposed technique has been found to be highly effective and resilient in terms of both performance and robustness. It has been demonstrated to be a superior approach for an automatic diagnosis system when compared to conventional hard voting and blending techniques.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF VARIOUS XYLENE SUBSTITUTES AS A CLEARING AGENT IN TISSUE PROCESSING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Chaudhuri Debangana , Singh Sanjeet , Sharma Kanika , Singh Nishant , Singh Paramjit
Published: September 2023

Conventional tissue processing is still remains the gold standard. Tissue processing is a physical process that involves chemical solutions reacting with biological specimens. The main purpose of tissue processing is to embed the tissue in solid medium, firm enough to support the tissue and give it sufficient rigidity to enable thin sections to be cut and soft enough not to damage the knife or tissue. For any tissue specimen to undergo diagnosis, it has to follow procedural steps such as fixation, dehydration, clearing, impregnation, embedding, sectioning and staining. Clearing is the process of replacing the dehydrating solution (which is not miscible with the embedding medium) with a substance which will be miscible with alcohol and the embedding medium. The most commonly used clearing agent is xylene. It has excellent clearing capabilities. But it cause unwelcome effects on the various system of the human body like on skin, eyes, nervous system, blood, liver and kidneys as reported by Kandyala et al. In the present study, we evaluate the efficacy of three materials like Kerosene, Turpentine and Olive oil other than xylene which are substitutes as a clearing agent in tissue processing and observe their effect on staining characteristics and compare with xylene. It is better promoting to eliminate xylene from the histology laboratory is a duty of those who are in decision-making positions. Since our study was limited in sample size and there are very less studies comparing all the four chemicals in clearing agent, it is recommended to carry this study in large scale with addition of different substitutes and analyzing with multiple observers.
SPONTANEOUS CORONARY ARTERY DISSECTION, AN UNDERDIAGNOSED CAUSE OF ACUTECORONARYSYNDROME:A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Departementofcardiology, Chuibnrochd, Casablanca, Morocco., Ammouri Z. , Belkouchia S. ,   Departementofcardiology, Chuibnrochd, Casablanca, Morocco., Mohamed Sidi B. ,   Departementofcardiology, Chuibnrochd, Casablanca, Morocco., Nouamou I. ,   Departementofcardiology, Chuibnrochd, Casablanca, Morocco., Arous S. ,   Departement of Cardiology, Chu Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco., Benouna Meg. ,   Departement of Cardiology,Chuibnrochd, Casablanca,Morocco., Drigihil A. ,   Departement of Cardiology,Chuibnrochd, Casablanca,Morocco., Habbal R. ,   Departement of Cardiology, Chu Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco.
Published: September 2023

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of myocardialinfarction (MI). It usually strikes young patients, predominantly women, with orwithoutany cardiovascular riskfactors. Wereportthecaseofa52yearsoldwomanwithaspontaneouscoronaryarterydissectionrevealedduringtheinvestigationofunstableangina.