bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N2 fixation in the Mediterranean Sea related to the composition of the diazotrophic community and impact of dust under present and future environmental conditions
Authors: Ridame Céline , Dinasquet Julie , Hallstrøm Søren , Bigeard Estelle , Riemann Lasse , Van Wambeke France , Bressac Matthieu , Pulido-Villena Elvira , Taillandier Vincent , Gazeau Fréderic , Tovar-Sanchez Antonio , Baudoux Anne-Claire , Guieu Cécile
Published: January 2022

Abstract. N2 fixation rates were measured in the 0–1000 m layer at 13 stations located in the open western and central Mediterranean Sea
(MS) during the PEACETIME cruise (late spring 2017). While the spatial variability in N2 fixation was not related to Fe, P nor N stocks,
the surface composition of the diazotrophic community indicated a strong longitudinal gradient increasing eastward for the relative abundance of
non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) (mainly γ-Proteobacteria) and conversely decreasing eastward for photo-heterotrophic group A (UCYN-A) (mainly UCYN-A1 and UCYN-A3), as did
N2 fixation rates. UCYN-A4 and UCYN-A3 were identified for the first time in the MS. The westernmost station influenced by Atlantic waters
and characterized by highest stocks of N and P displayed a patchy distribution of diazotrophic activity with an exceptionally high rate in the
euphotic layer of 72.1 nmolNL-1d-1, which could support up to 19 % of primary production. At this station at
1 % PAR (photosynthetically available radiation) depth, UCYN-A4 represented up to 94 % of the diazotrophic community. These in situ observations of greater relative
abundance of UCYN-A at stations with higher nutrient concentrations and dominance of NCDs at more oligotrophic stations suggest that nutrient
conditions – even in the nanomolar range – may determine the composition of diazotrophic communities and in turn N2 fixation rates. The
impact of Saharan dust deposition on N2 fixation and diazotrophic communities was also investigated, under present and future projected
conditions of temperature and pH during short-term (3–4 d) experiments at three stations. New nutrients from simulated dust deposition
triggered a significant stimulation of N2 fixation (from 41 % to 565 %). The strongest increase in N2 fixation was
observed at the stations dominated by NCDs and did not lead on this short timescale to changes in the diazotrophic community composition. Under
projected future conditions, N2 fixation was either increased or unchanged; in that later case this was probably due to a too-low nutrient
bioavailability or an increased grazing pressure. The future warming and acidification likely benefited NCDs (Pseudomonas) and UCYN-A2, while
disadvantaged UCYN-A3 without knowing which effect (alone or in combination) is the driver, especially since we do not know the temperature optima
of these species not yet cultivated as well as the effect of acidification.
Mapping photovoltaic power plants in China using Landsat, Random Forest, and Google Earth Engine
Authors: Zhang Xunhe , Wang Shujian , Huang Yongkai , Xie Zunyi , Xu Ming
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Photovoltaic (PV) technology, as an efficient solution for mitigating impacts of climate change, has been increasingly used across the world to replace fossil-fuel power to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. With the world's highest cumulative and fastest built PV capacity, China needs to assess the environmental and social impacts of these established photovoltaic (PV) power plants. However, a comprehensive map regarding the locations and extent of the PV power plants remains to be scarce at the country scale. This study developed a workflow combining machine learning and visual interpretation methods with big satellite data to map the PV power plants in China. We applied a pixel-based Random Forest (RF) model to classify the PV power plants from composite images in 2020 with 30-meter spatial resolution on Google Earth Engine (GEE). The result classification map was further improved by a visual interpretation approach. Eventually, we established a map of PV power plants in China by 2020, covering a total area of 2917 km2. Based on the derived national PV map, we found that most PV power plants were sited on cropland, followed by barren land and grassland. In addition, the installation of PV power plants has generally decreased the vegetation cover. This new dataset is expected to be conducive to policy management, environmental assessment, and further classification of PV power plants.
Investigation of quartz electron spin resonance residual signals in the last glacial and early Holocene fluvial deposits from the Lower Rhine
Authors: Richter Marcus , Tsukamoto Sumiko
Published: January 2022

Abstract. In this study, we examined the residual doses of the quartz electron spin resonance (ESR) signals from eight young fluvial sediments with known luminescence ages from the Lower Rhine terraces. The single aliquot regenerative (SAR) protocol was applied to obtain the residual doses for both the aluminium (Al) and titanium (Ti) impurity centres. We show that all of the fluvial samples carry a significant amount of residual dose with a mean value of 1270 ± 120 Gy for the Al centre (including the unbleachable signal component), 591 ± 53 Gy for the lithium-compensated Ti centre (Ti-Li), 170 ± 21 Gy for the hydrogen-compensated Ti centre (Ti-H) and 453 ± 42 Gy for the signal that originated from both the Ti-Li and Ti-H centres (termed Ti-mix). To test the accuracy of the ESR SAR protocol, a dose recovery test was conducted and this confirmed the validity of the Ti-Li and Ti-mix signal results. The Al centre shows a dose recovery ratio of 1.75 ± 0.18, whereas the Ti-H signal shows a ratio of 0.55 ± 0.17, suggesting that the rate of signal production per unit dose changed for these signals after the thermal annealing. Nevertheless, all fluvial sediments investigated in this study carry a significant residual dose. Our result suggests that more direct comparisons between luminescence and ESR equivalent doses should be carried out, and, if necessary, the subtraction of residual dose obtained from the difference is essential to obtain reliable ESR ages.
An aerosol classification scheme for global simulations using the K-means machine learning method
Authors: Li Jingmin , Hendricks Johannes , Righi Mattia , Beer Christof G.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The K-means machine learning algorithm is applied to
climatological data of seven aerosol properties from a global aerosol
simulation using EMAC-MADE3. The aim is to partition the aerosol properties
across the global atmosphere in specific aerosol regimes; this is done mainly for
evaluation purposes. K-means is an unsupervised machine learning method with
the advantage that an a priori definition of the aerosol classes is not
required. Using K-means, we are able to quantitatively define global aerosol
regimes, so-called aerosol clusters, and explain their internal properties
and their location and extension. This analysis shows that aerosol
regimes in the lower troposphere are strongly influenced by emissions. Key
drivers of the clusters' internal properties and spatial distribution are,
for instance, pollutants from biomass burning and biogenic sources, mineral
dust, anthropogenic pollution, and corresponding mixtures. Several continental
clusters propagate into oceanic regions as a result of long-range transport
of air masses. The identified oceanic regimes show a higher degree of
pollution in the Northern Hemisphere than over the southern oceans. With
increasing altitude, the aerosol regimes propagate from emission-induced
clusters in the lower troposphere to roughly zonally distributed regimes in
the middle troposphere and in the tropopause region. Notably, three polluted
clusters identified over Africa, India, and eastern China cover the whole
atmospheric column from the lower troposphere to the tropopause region. The
results of this analysis need to be interpreted taking the limitations and
strengths of global aerosol models into consideration. On the one hand,
global aerosol simulations cannot estimate small-scale and localized
processes due to the coarse resolution. On the other hand, they capture the
spatial pattern of aerosol properties on the global scale, implying that the
clustering results could provide useful insights for aerosol research. To
estimate the uncertainties inherent in the applied clustering method, two
sensitivity tests have been conducted (i) to investigate how various data
scaling procedures could affect the K-means classification and (ii) to
compare K-means with another unsupervised classification algorithm (HAC,
i.e. hierarchical agglomerative clustering). The results show that the
standardization based on sample mean and standard deviation is the most
appropriate standardization method for this study, as it keeps the underlying
distribution of the raw data set and retains the information of outliers. The
two clustering algorithms provide similar classification results, supporting
the robustness of our conclusions. The classification procedures presented
in this study have a markedly wide application potential for future
model-based aerosol studies.
A method for assessment of the general circulation model quality using the K-means clustering algorithm: a case study with GETM v2.5
Authors: Raudsepp Urmas , Maljutenko Ilja
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The model's ability to reproduce the state of the simulated object or particular feature or phenomenon is always a subject of
discussion. Multidimensional model quality assessment is usually customized for the specific focus of the study and often for a limited number of
locations. In this paper, we propose a method that provides information on the accuracy of the model in general, while all dimensional information
for posterior analysis of the specific tasks is retained. The main goal of the method is to perform clustering of the multivariate model errors. The
clustering is done using the K-means algorithm of unsupervised machine learning. In addition, the potential application of the K-means clustering of
model errors for learning and predicting is shown. The method is tested on the 40-year simulation results of the general circulation model of the
Baltic Sea. The model results are evaluated with the measurement data of temperature and salinity from more than 1 million casts by forming a
two-dimensional error space and performing a clustering procedure in it. The optimal number of clusters that consist of four clusters was determined
using the Elbow cluster selection criteria and based on the analysis of the different number of error clusters. In this particular model, the error
cluster with good quality of the model with a bias of 0.4 ∘C (SD = 0.8 ∘C) for temperature and
0.6 g kg−1 (SD = 0.7 g kg−1) for salinity made up 57 % of all comparison data pairs. The prediction of centroids
from a limited number of randomly selected data showed that the obtained centroids gained a stability of at least 100 000 error pairs in the
learning dataset.
PARASO, a circum-Antarctic fully coupled ice-sheet–ocean–sea-ice–atmosphere–land model involving f.ETISh1.7, NEMO3.6, LIM3.6, COSMO5.0 and CLM4.5
Authors: Pelletier Charles , Fichefet Thierry , Goosse Hugues , Haubner Konstanze , Helsen Samuel , Huot Pierre-Vincent , Kittel Christoph , Klein François , Le clec'h Sébastien , van Lipzig Nicole P. M. , Marchi Sylvain , Massonnet François , Mathiot Pierre , Moravveji Ehsan , Moreno-Chamarro Eduardo , Ortega Pablo , Pattyn Frank , Souverijns Niels , Van Achter Guillian , Vanden Broucke Sam , Vanhulle Alexander , Verfaillie Deborah , Zipf Lars
Published: January 2022

Abstract. We introduce PARASO, a novel five-component fully coupled regional climate model over an Antarctic circumpolar domain covering the full Southern Ocean.
The state-of-the-art models used are the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model (f.ETISh) v1.7 (ice sheet), the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) v3.6 (ocean), the Louvain-la-Neuve sea-ice model (LIM) v3.6 (sea ice), the COnsortium for Small-scale MOdeling (COSMO) model v5.0 (atmosphere) and its CLimate Mode (CLM) v4.5 (land),
which are here run at a horizontal resolution close to 1/4∘.
One key feature of this tool resides in a novel two-way coupling interface for representing ocean–ice-sheet interactions, through explicitly resolved ice-shelf cavities.
The impact of atmospheric processes on the Antarctic ice sheet is also conveyed through computed COSMO-CLM–f.ETISh surface mass exchange.
In this technical paper, we briefly introduce each model's configuration and document the developments that were carried out in order to establish PARASO.
The new offline-based NEMO–f.ETISh coupling interface is thoroughly described.
Our developments also include a new surface tiling approach to combine open-ocean and sea-ice-covered cells within COSMO, which was required to make this model relevant in the context of coupled simulations in polar regions.
We present results from a 2000–2001 coupled 2-year experiment.
PARASO is numerically stable and fully operational.
The 2-year simulation conducted without fine tuning of the model reproduced the main expected features, although remaining systematic biases provide perspectives for further adjustment and development.
Afforestation impact on soil temperature in regional climate model simulations over Europe
Authors: Sofiadis Giannis , Katragkou Eleni , Davin Edouard L. , Rechid Diana , de Noblet-Ducoudre Nathalie , Breil Marcus , Cardoso Rita M. , Hoffmann Peter , Jach Lisa , Meier Ronny , Mooney Priscilla A. , Soares Pedro M. M. , Strada Susanna , Tölle Merja H. , Warrach Sagi Kirsten
Published: January 2022

Abstract. In the context of the first phase of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment in the European domain (EURO-CORDEX) flagship plot
study on Land Use and Climate Across Scales (LUCAS), we investigate the
biophysical impact of afforestation on the seasonal cycle of soil
temperature over the European continent with an ensemble of 10 regional
climate models. For this purpose, each ensemble member performed two
idealized land cover experiments in which Europe is covered either by
forests or grasslands. The multi-model mean exhibits a reduction of the
annual amplitude of soil temperature (AAST) due to afforestation over all
European regions, although this is not a robust feature among the models. In the
Mediterranean, the spread of simulated AAST response to afforestation is
between −4 and +2 ∘C at 1 m below the ground, while in
Scandinavia the inter-model spread ranges from −7 to +1 ∘C.
We show that the large range in the simulated AAST response is due to the
representation of the summertime climate processes and is largely explained
by inter-model differences in leaf area index (LAI), surface albedo, cloud
fraction and soil moisture, when all combined into a multiple linear
regression. The changes in these drivers essentially determine the ratio
between the increased radiative energy at surface (due to lower albedo in
forests) and the increased sum of turbulent heat fluxes (due to
mixing-facilitating characteristics of forests), and consequently decide the
changes in soil heating with afforestation in each model. Finally, we pair
FLUXNET sites to compare the simulated results with observation-based
evidence of the impact of forest on soil temperature. In line with models,
observations indicate a summer ground cooling in forested areas compared to
open lands. The vast majority of models agree with the sign of the observed
reduction in AAST, although with a large variation in the magnitude of
changes. Overall, we aspire to emphasize the biophysical effects of
afforestation on soil temperature profile with this study, given that
changes in the seasonal cycle of soil temperature potentially perturb
crucial biochemical processes. Robust knowledge on biophysical impacts of
afforestation on soil conditions and its feedbacks on local and regional
climate is needed in support of effective land-based climate mitigation and
adaption policies.
Enhancing disaster risk resilience using greenspace in urbanising Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Watson C. Scott , Elliott John R. , Ebmeier Susanna K. , Vásquez María Antonieta , Zapata Camilo , Bonilla-Bedoya Santiago , Cubillo Paulina , Orbe Diego Francisco , Córdova Marco , Menoscal Jonathan , Sevilla Elisa
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Greenspaces within broader ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction strategies (Eco-DRR) provide multiple benefits to society, biodiversity, and addressing climate breakdown. In this study, we investigated urban growth, its intersection with hazards, and the availability of greenspace for disaster risk reduction (DRR) in the city of Quito, Ecuador, which experiences multiple hazards including landslides, floods, volcanoes, and earthquakes. We used satellite data to quantify urban sprawl and developed a workflow incorporating high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) to identify potential greenspaces for emergency refuge accommodation (DRR greenspace), for example following an earthquake. Quito’s historical urban growth totalled ~192 km2 1986–2020 and was primarily on flatter land crossed by deep ravines. By contrast, future projections indicate an increasing intersection between easterly urbanisation and steep areas of high landslide susceptibility. Therefore, a timely opportunity exists for future risk-informed planning. Our workflow identified 18.6 km2 of DRR greenspaces, of which 16.3 km2 intersected with potential sources of landslide and flood hazards, indicating that hazard events could impact potential ‘safe spaces’. These spaces could mitigate future risk if designated as greenspaces and left undeveloped. DRR greenspace overlapped 7 % (2.5 km2) with municipality designated greenspace. Similarly, 10 % (1.7 km2) of municipality designated ‘safe space’ for use following an earthquake was classified as potentially DRR suitable in our analysis. For emergency refuge, currently designated greenspaces could accommodate ~2–14 % of Quito’s population within 800 m. This increases to 8–40 % considering all the potential DRR greenspace mapped in this study. Therefore, a gap exists between the provision of DRR and designated greenspace. Within Quito, we found a disparity between access to greenspaces across socio-economic groups with lower income groups having less access and further to travel to designated greenspaces. Notably, the accessibility of greenspaces was high overall with 98 % (2.3 million) of Quito’s population within 800 m of a designated greenspace, of which 88 % (2.1 million) had access to potential DRR greenspaces. Our workflow demonstrates a citywide evaluation of DRR greenspace potential and provides the foundation upon which to evaluate these spaces with local stakeholders. Promoting equitable access to greenspaces, communicating their multiple benefits, and considering their use to restrict propagating development into hazardous areas are key themes that emerge for further investigation.
Compound flood impact of water level and rainfall during tropical cyclone period in a coastal city: The case of Shanghai
Authors: Xu Hanqing , Tian Zhan , Sun Laixiang , Ye Qinghua , Ragno Elisa , Bricker Jeremy , Mao Ganquan , Tan Jinkai , Wang Jun , Ke Qian , Wang Shuai , Toumi Ralf
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Compound flooding is generated when two or more flood drivers occur simultaneously or in close succession. Multiple drivers can amplify each other and lead to greater impacts than when they occur in isolation. A better understanding of the interdependence between flood drivers will facilitate a more accurate assessment of compound flood risk in the coastal regions. This study employed the Delft3D-Flow Flexible Mesh model to simulate the peak coastal water level, consisting of storm surge, astronomical tide, and the relative sea level rise (RSLR) in Shanghai over 1961–2018. It then applies a copula-based methodology to calculate the joint probability of peak water level and rainfall during historical tropical cyclones (TCs) and to calculate the marginal contribution of each driver. The results indicate that the astronomic tide is the leading driver to peak water level, followed by the contribution of storm surge. In a longer term, the RSLR has significantly amplified the peak water level. This framework could be applied to other coastal cities which face the similar constraint of unavailable water level records.
GABLS4 intercomparison of snow models at Dome C in Antarctica
Authors: Le Moigne Patrick , Bazile Eric , Cheng Anning , Dutra Emanuel , Edwards John , Maurel William , Sandu Irina , Traullé Olivier , Vignon Etienne , Zadra Ayrton , Zheng Weizhong
Published: January 2022

Abstract. The Antarctic Plateau, characterized by cold and dry weather conditions with very little precipitation, is mostly covered by snow at the surface. This paper describes an intercomparison of snow models, of varying complexity, used for numerical weather prediction or academic research. The results of offline numerical simulations, carried out during 15 days in 2009, show that the simplest models are able to reproduce the surface temperature as well as the most complex models provided that their surface parameters are well chosen. Furthermore, it is shown that the diversity of the surface parameters of the models strongly impacts the numerical simulations, in particular the temporal variability of the surface temperature and the components of the surface energy balance. The models tend to overestimate the surface temperature by 2–5 K at night and underestimate it by 2 K during the day. The observed and simulated turbulent latent heat fluxes are small, of the order of a few W m−2, with a tendency to underestimate, while the sensible heat fluxes are in general too intense at night as well as during the day. Finally, it is shown that the most complex multi-layer models are able to reproduce well the propagation of the daily diurnal wave, and that the snow temperature profiles in the snowpack are very close to the measurements carried out on site.
O processo de orientação como estratégia de superação do racismo institucional: relatos de um encontro ancestral em um contexto de Pós-Graduação de um Instituto Federal
Authors: Nascimento Bianca Barreto do , Santos Mariana Fernandes dos
Published: January 2022

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma discussão sobre a questão da relação entre orientanda/o e orientador/a nos processos de orientação no contexto de um curso de Mestrado. A encruzilhada deste texto é, por um lado, tratar sobre as tensões e as violências que ocorrem nessas relações, caracterizando-se, muitas vezes, como manifestações de racismos. Por outro lado, tratamos também sobre a possibilidade de essa relação reconfigurar espaços de cura e de parcerias científico-afetivas. Mobilizamos caminhos metodológicos que aquilombam resultados de estudos, de reflexões e de escrevivências, que apontam para a importância de tensionar epistemologias e comportamentos colonialistas pautados na perspectiva cientificista ocidental, de pensar o contexto acadêmico para que as relações de orientação possam caminhar para referências mais humanizadas e (re)encontros ancestrais.
geração alpha no (re)iventar da nova biblioteca escolar
Authors: Carvalho Sandra Maria Souza de , Carddoso Antonio Luiz Mattos de Souza , Miguel Marcelo Calderari
Published: January 2022

Analisa as projeções imaginárias do estudante da Geração Alpha no processo de significação discursiva ao explanar o construto da biblioteca escolar e assim, se alcança as representações oratórias das descobertas que a ambiência arquiteta nos novos nativos digitais. A análise de discurso é a base teórica e metodológica que fundamenta o estudo e, as entrevistas com os estudantes são o fio condutor do processo de significação discursiva acerca da ambiência e suas transformações. O resultado sumariza a historicidade do discurso e abre reflexões acerca do corpus temático de sentidos embutindo na fala dos discentes. Conclui-se que as crianças veem a biblioteca como um lócus específico de livros – novos, de diferentes estilos, de distintos suportes, com dever lúdico e interativo; e nisso, a instituição deve ter o bibliotecário como um mediador da informação, um ser capaz de se reinventar constantemente e atuar em multivias dinâmicas e sociodigitais de cidadania e da pratica leitora.
A revisão por pares na ciência
Authors: Silva Claudio
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de promover uma reflexão sobre a revisão por pares na ciência, à luz das contribuições da sociologia de Bourdieu,a fim de se perceber os efeitos pedagógicos desse processo para o desenvolvimento intelectual do pesquisador. A partir dos conceitos encontrados na teoria dos campos de Bourdieu, apresenta os elementos que fazem da revisão por pares um microcosmo das práticas científicas mais amplas e as estratégias que os agentes encontram para converter esse processo em um espaço de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento. A discussão revelou que a revisão por pares é um lugar que, além de ocorrer a luta pelo monopólio da autoridade científica, é um espaço para a aprendizagem do modos operandi da ciência. Para o pesquisador, trata-se de uma excelente oportunidade para compreender os diferentes processos que faz da ciência um espaço de lutas e disputas. Conclui apresentando o conceito de ontogênese intelectual, tomando-o como categoria explicativa das experiências de aprendizagem na ciência, mas também como resultado das contradições do processo de acumulação de prestígio nos campos científicos, resultante da distribuição desigual do reconhecimento da autoridade científica entre pesquisadores.
Comunicação interna e as relações de trabalho:
Authors: Rufino Francisco Jefferson Negreiros , Melo Geison Calyo Varela de , Oliveira Mayara Muniz de , Sousa Juliana Carvalho de , Menezes Edivaldo Rabelo de
Published: January 2022

Tendo em vista que a comunicação torna-se necessária para o desenvolvimento da sociedade e essa realidade abrange o campo organizacional por meio da comunicação interna, considerada como mecanismo estratégico para as instituições. Dessa forma, a pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os fatores da comunicação interna que contribuem para melhorias das relações de trabalho em instituições públicas de saúde do Rio Grande do Norte e para tanto, desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo, quantitativo e por meio de um levantamento (questionário), com 137 colaboradores dessas instituições. Os dados foram tratados mediante estatística descritiva e análise fatorial, responsável por agrupar as variáveis analisadas em quatro fatores, denominados de Compreensão informacional, Comunicação superior, Comunicação setorial e Comunicação institucional. Dessa forma, os colaboradores consideram como sendo boa a comunicação interna das instituições, além das informações advindas destes serem transmitidas com clareza e consideram também serem suficientes as informações gerais sobre a instituição para o desenvolvimento de suas atividades, o que impõe a constatação de que a comunicação interna, quando eficaz, contribui pra a melhoria das relações de trabalho nas instituições abrangidas.
AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH SEMANGKA MERAH (Citrullus lanatus) TERHADAP Candida albicans DAN Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Gita Susanti  , Yunilda Rosa  , Neti Nuramelia Putri
Published: January 2022

Kulit buah semangka adalah salah satu bagian buah semangka yang tidak dikonsumsi dan biasanya dibuang tanpa ada pemanfaatan lebih lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur ekstrak kulit semangka merah (Citrullus lanatus) terhadap Bacillus subtilis dan Candida albicans. Ekstrak konsentrasi 2,5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, dan 40% diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Aktivitas antibakteri diketahui dengan metode dilusi untuk mengetahui konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan metode difusi untuk mengetahui kekuatan ekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KHM ekstrak kulit buah semangka terhadap Candida albicans dan Bacillus subtilis berada pada konsentrasi 20%, dengan diameter zona bening 11,4 mm terhadap Bacillus subtilis, dan 11,3 mm terhadap Candida albicans. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak kulit semangka merah memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur terhadap bakteri Bacillus subtilis dan jamur Candida albicans dengan kategori kuat.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRORISM PRISONERS IN THE EFFORT OF DERADICALIZATION IN SUPER MAXSIMUM SECURITY PENAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Salas Andhika Yovaldi , Anwar Umar
Published: January 2022

Dari segi struktural, kita dapat mengatakan bahwa satu dari sekian penyebab kemunculan terorisme di Indonesia adalah globalisasi yang mendapat sambutan begitu luas di Indonesia. Negeri ini cepat sekali mengalami modernisasi ekonomi, budaya, dan politik. Berbagai modernisasi tersebut kerap kali dianggap sama seperti westernisasi , di mana kemudian memicu reaksi penolakan semu yang menjadi landasan ideology kelompok kekerasan.Tindak pidana terorisme merupakan tindak pidana kejahatan serius yang penanganan dan penanggulangannya membutuhkan metode pembinaan khusus. Upaya pembinaan bagi tindak pidana terorisme merupakan salah satu program Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan yakni Deradikalisasi Program untuk Narapidana Tindak Terorisme khususnya di lembaga Pemasyarakatan Super Maksimum Security. Pembinaan Narapidana Terorisme Dalam Upaya De-radikalisasi Pemasyarakatan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Super Maximum Security adalah dengan tujuan untuk memberikan pembinaan yang tepat kepada narapidana khusus terorisme dan implementasi upaya De-radikalisasi pemasyarakatan pada pelaksanaan pembinaan narapidana khusus terorisme di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Super Maximum Security, yang mana model pembinaan narapidana terorisme merupakan salah satu poin dari pilot project implementasi revitalisasi pemasyarakatan pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Super Maksimum Security. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif, teknik pengumpulan data dalam penilitian ini menggunakan studi literature dari berbagai sumber data yang terdiri dari buku artikel jurnal dan penelitian lain yang berkaitan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa belum optimalnya pelaksanaan pembinaan terhadap narapidana khusus narapidana terorisme sesuai dengan Permenkumham No 35 tentang Revitalisasi Pemasyarakatan. Hal ini disebabkan karena masih terkendalanya pada pedoman pelaksanaan narapidana khusus terorisme dari segi sosialisasi peraturan, sumber daya manusia serta infrastuktur dan media pelaksanaan pembinaan khusus narapidana terorisme.
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADVISORS IN SUPERVISION OF CLIENTS IN CRIMINAL ACTIONS OF NARCOTICS IN CLASS I BAPAS CENTRAL JAKARTA
Authors: Yanti Sri
Published: January 2022

Tindak pidana narkotika merupakan kasus tindak pidana yang sering melakukan pengulangan tindak pidana (residivis) sehingga memerlukan pengawasan yang ketat oleh Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan (PK) selama proses reintegrasi sosial di luar lapas. Rumusan masalahnya adalah bagaimana bentuk pengawasan Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan bagi klien kasus tindak pidana Narkotika di Bapas Kelas I Jakarta Pusat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif dengan menganalisis undang-undang, studi kepustakaan (library research) dan studi impiris dengan memantau klien di Bapas dan menganalisis regulasi terkait pengawasan pada klien. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori pengawasan. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran PK sangat strategis dalam mengurangi pengulangan tindak pidana bagi klien narkotika sehingga memerlukan PK yang mampu dan ulet dalam pengawasan terhadap kliennya.
TEORIJSKI TEMELJI KONTAKTNE LINGVISTIKE
Authors: Burnić Hatidže
Published: January 2022

Riječi stranog porijekla ulazile su u pojedine jezike u različitim periodima jezičkog i kulturno-historijskog razvoja, pod različitim okolnostima, iz različitih razloga ili potreba, te na različite načine. Istraživanjem lingvističke literature i rječnika nailazimo na različite definicije i tumačenja pojma jezički kontakt. Iz tog razloga u uvodnom dijelu rada se na osnovu relevantne literature definira pojam jezički kontakt uključujući i definiranje pojma kontaktne lingvistike kao grane koja se bavi istraživanjem jezičkih kontakata. Slijedi problematiziranje jezičkog i leksičkog posuđivanja kao posljedica jezičkih kontakata te razloga jezičkog posuđivanja i tipova jezičkih posuđenica.
THE ROLE OF THE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SERVICE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR ACHIEVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CIVIL SERVICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Head of the Administrative Department of JSC ", Kussainova Anara ,   Center for International Programs",   , PhD, Auyesh Aizhan ,   Master student of the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: January 2022

This article discusses the issues of reforming the civil service of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the course of the study, regulatory documents on the transition to a new model of public administration were analyzed. The study reveals the current position of personnel management services in the public service system. At the same time, statistical data on the effectiveness of the work of civil servants for the past reporting period are presented. The article presents the data of a global study on the public administration efficiency index conducted by the World Bank. The results of an international study prove that the previous experience of the transformation of the civil service has yielded positive results. However, Kazakhstan will need at least three decades to achieve its goals and objectives. The orientation of the state on human resource management and the importance of personnel management services can serve as a mechanism for improving the efficiency of the public service.
ISSUES OF INTELLECTUAL MIGRATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND ABROAD: METHODS AND FEATURES OF REGULATION
Authors:   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Kaliaskarova Gulnaz , Zhanpeisova Kargach ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Onuchko Marina ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2022

In the context of globalization, intellectual migration is an important process for all countries of the world. In domestic and foreign political science, intellectual migration is considered from the standpoint of assessing its consequences for both sending and receiving countries. The Republic of Kazakhstan as a subject of this process cannot remain aloof from this issue. Currently, the flow of intellectual youth abroad is growing. The article analyzes the foreign experience of regulating intellectual migration, and their ways of regulating the circulation of minds, and also examines the ways to attract educated specialists and talented young people who left our country. The factors and problems that determine the main problems of the process of intellectual migration in Kazakhstan, the impact on the national development and migration attitudes of educated youth and its impact on migration processes are considered. As a result of conducting a questionnaire for graduates studying abroad, the proposed hypothesis was tested and analyzed, as a result, it was concluded that it is necessary to create and improve domestic analytical centers, and to support talented youth in economic, social, scientific and professional terms.
PROBLEMS OF WOMEN'S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Assylgozhina Raziya , Kalenova Tengesh ,   L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: January 2022

This paper examines the features of women's political leadership and the main problems of its implementation. The analysis of foreign literature on political leadership and women's leadership is given. It also provides an overview of modern gender policy in Kazakhstan, provides data on the ranking of gender equality, an analysis of the proportion of women in parliament at the national level. Recommendations are proposed to support women's leadership in the country.
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN CHILDREN’S SCHOOLING: A CASE FOR ROLE OF SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK
Authors:   University of the Punjab, Lahore, Sunbal Munazza , Jabeen Tahira ,   University of the Punjab, Lahore
Published: January 2022

Parental involvement is linked with the higher academic achievement of the students. School Social Work is a significant field of social work discipline, which provides a liaison between school, children, their families and community, but is unfortunately lacking in our country. Students face many educational and social challenges which may lead them to leave school and increase dropout ratio which is currently a huge problem in Pakistan. The objective of this study is to explore the need for school social work by examining the parental involvement of public school students who demonstrate poor grades. Ecological theory is applied to explain the role of parents in the education of their children. Methodology of this study is based on convergent parallel design, a mixed method approach. Students of grades 6 & 10 of public schools of district Lahore, and their parents and teachers were the respondents of this study. Findings revealed that the students who demonstrated poor grades; their parental involvement in their studies was also poor. Need for school social work services was highly demanded by the teachers and parents to help improve these children’s grades. Keywords: Parental involvement, Parent-teacher meetings, School home works, School social work, Ecological perspective, Convergent parallel mixed method
INVOLVEMENT OF RURAL WOMEN IN MANAGING ON-FARM SUSTAINABLE DAIRY PRACTICES IN DISTRICT OKARA
Authors:   Government Graduate College Samanabad, Faisalabad,, Mahmood Rabia , Khan Izhar Ahmed ,   University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Mahmood Sadaf ,   Government College University Faisalabad
Published: January 2022

In Pakistan, livestock is playing a considerable role in the country’s economy, agricultural development and fulfilling the domestic dairy needs of households. We cannot negate the prominence of females’ participation in this sector. This study is organized to identify the involvement of rural women in managing dairy farm practices. Data was collected from 120 rural women who were participating in dairy farm activities in District Okara through purposive sampling technique with the help of a well-structured interview schedule. The results showed that mostly young women in the age group of 19 to 38 were involved in dairy farm practices. 60.0% of the respondents were illiterate and almost 65.0% family’s occupation was agriculture. 32.5% respondents were involved in dairy farm practice from 6 to 10 years while half of the respondents were spending their 8 to 10 hours in these activities. Their involvement in on-farm activities was unpaid and considered as their domestic duty. Mostly, they were involved in managing on-farm sustainable dairy practices that includes; fodder cutting, watering, cleaning Chad and taking care of animals. Their participation and management of on-farm activities should be documented and acknowledged. The government should focus on female’s education and paid participation in agricultural activities. Keywords: Women participation, On-farm livestock management practices, District Okara, Punjab, Pakistan
CONSOLIDATION OF US NATIONAL INTERESTS IN ASIA THROUGH ECONOMIC AND MILITARY AID AND ITS IMPACTS: CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN, 1947-71
Authors:   International Islamic University, Islamabad, Marwat Safi Ullah Khan , Abdullah Muhammad ,   Iqra University, Islamabad
Published: January 2022

After 1945, the United States of America (USA) was worried about any possible harm to its interests within the Continent of Asia due to the ongoing rapid expansion of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and Peoples Republic of China (PRC) after 1917 and 1949 respectively. Therefore, as a result of its Russo-Sino-phobia, the USA made alliances with the Asian countries based on their mutual national interests. In those relations, the USA was mostly an economic and military aid donor while its allies were recipients of that US-aid. In return, the USA was utilizing the geo-strategic positions of its allies in Asia to counter the USSR and PRC. Pakistan came into being on August 14, 1947 with poor economic and military conditions at home having a conventional rival (India) on its eastern border. The USA offered friendship to it. Pakistan accepted the US-offer and the US started to utilize Pakistan's geo-strategic position against the USSR and PRC. In return, Pakistan got huge US-aid to improve its economic and military infrastructure. The central theme of this research paper is, 'how the US-aid played its role in economic and military development of Pakistan during 1947-71 and what were its impacts? Key Words: National Interests, Economic and Military Aid, Pakistan-US relations, SEATO, CENTO
DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL COGNITIVE SCALE FOR CHILDREN AGED 7-12 YEARS: A NEGLECTED DOMAIN IN PAKISTAN
Authors:   University of Management and Technology,  Lahore Pakistan, Jabeen Ayesha , Mahmood Zahid ,   University of Management and Technology,  Lahore Pakistan
Published: January 2022

Several tools have been developed in the west on cognitive and other developmental skills in children. However, in Pakistan, outdated versions of western measures are used to assess the abilities of children. The current study aimed to develop and assess the Functional Cognitive Scale (FCS) for children of age 7-12 years on basis of local norms. A sample of 377 children with mean age = 9.60, SD=1.61 was selected through multistage sampling technique from different public schools of the city of Lahore, Pakistan. FCS was constructed by extracting items from open-ended interviews with parents, teachers, reviewing the literature and curriculum, consulting the experts, and carrying out series of pilot testing. Factor Analysis using maximum likelihood and oblique rotation extracted two sub-factors namely simple cognitive skills and complex cognitive skills. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit model with a similar factor structure as retained by exploratory factor analysis. FCS was found to have 20-items with sound psychometric properties α= .86, split-half .89, test-retest reliability=.82 with good convergent validity with Wechsler memory subscales. Results are discussed in terms of the need of developing the scale for measuring the functional cognitive abilities of children in their cultural context. Keywords: Cognitive Skills, psychometric study, local norms, school, 7-12 years
FAMILY PLANNING IN PAKISTAN: A SITE OF CONFRONTATION IN ISLAM
Authors:   University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Sadiq Muhammad , Manj Yasir Nawaz ,   University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Iftikhar Naveed ,   Planning and Development Department  Government of Punjab
Published: January 2022

Population explosion is one of the serious social issues that has direct effect on the prosperity of any nation in the world. For maintenance balance between population and resources, various countries, mostly, developed have formulated family planning programs. As Pakistan's population has surpassed 225 million, the country's family planning policy has been unable to substantially boost contraceptive use. This study has tended to focus on service and awareness delivery failures, ‘religious, cultural' hurdles, and variable political backing to analyses the hurdles. The first approach is to raise awareness about the health concerns of multiple pregnancies in a short period. Women who are more aware of the reduced health risks associated with spacing children are more likely to begin utilizing contraception. It is critical to target men as well as women while doing awareness-raising initiatives. Keywords: Birth control, Islam, Discourse site, Protest, Religious leaders, Consciousness
STRESS AMONG LADY HEALTH WORKERS: A SPECIAL REVIEW OF PAKISTAN
Authors:   University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Hashim Muhammad , Manj Yasir Nawaz ,   University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Cheema Muqaddas Tanvir ,   University of Sargodha, Sargodha
Published: January 2022

Lady health workers are playing a central role for community health, upgrading of nations, all over Pakistan, particularly their role for polio eradication. Lady health workers faced whole set of troubles, in equally in their family as well as in their professional lives. They take part in their duty as a companion, mothers as well as an earner. Objectives of research are to explain in what ways lady health works feel stress. To unpack the causes of stress: among lady health workers. There is review of 22 research papers related to lady health workers ‘fields activities and stress felt during job while maintaining their customary role that overlap responsibilities. Hence, customary laws are one of them means of stress. To working lady health workers, encompass through. The current review article focuses on working lady health workers stress, several aspects in their work setting, which is grounded in their nature of work, whereas during hard-to-reach pockets during community engagement activities face issues related to negative attitude that also increase the stress. After reading the maximum research papers it is concluded that there is lack of research on issues faced by LHV’s. Policy makers and research organization are not taking actual information on the base of subjectivity that may be differ at al level, so the papers explained regards the managerial issue’s, low educated LHV’s. Government new policies and less educated LHV’s that facing issue regarding data sharing and field work. Keywords: Stress, Lady health workers, Community development, Rural areas, Campaign
Review of Sudanese Medicinal Plants Screened for Antidiabetic Activity
Authors: Kabbashi Ahmed Saeed Ali
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder and plenty of medical plants are used in traditional medicines to treat diabetes. These plants have no side effects, and many existing medicines are derived from the plants. The purpose of this systematic review is to study diabetes and to summarize the available treatments for this disease, focusing especially on herbal medicine. Methods: Scientific data bases were investigated for and screening through google engine for diabetes and effective plants informatics data. However, the investigation included Science direct, PubMed, Wiley, Scopus, and Springer. Out of the 100 collected articles (published in the period between 1997 and 2018). Results: Diabetes is mainly due to oxidative stress and an increase in reactive oxygen species that can have major effects. Many plants contain different natural antioxidants, in particular tannins, flavonoids, C and E vitamins that have the ability to maintain β-cells performance and decrease glucose levels in the blood. Conclusion: According to published results, it can be said that medical plants are more affordable and have less side effects compared synthetic drugs and are more effective in treatment of diabetes mellitus. Also order to harness these natural resources and maximize the socioeconomic benefits derivable from Sudanese medicinal plants efforts should be geared toward research funding and deployment of Research and Development (R & D) policy framework into medicinal plants research endeavors.