bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining Terrorism
Authors: Schmidt Alex P. ,   International Center for Counter-Terrorism
Published: July 2024

This report summarizes, and builds on, some of the author’s previous conceptual work. It approaches the definition of terrorism from five angles: (i) by focusing on the history of terrorism; (ii) by focusing on the psychology of ‘terror’ (the threat and fear factor); (iii) by focusing on forms of political violence other than terrorist violence; (iv) by focusing on the terrorist act; and (v) by focusing on the terrorist. Subsequently it addresses the question who should have definition power? The author looks at how terrorists, victims of terrorism, religious authorities, mass and social media, national governments, the United Nations, and members from academia have tried to define terrorism. In his conclusion, the author pleads for a narrow definition of terrorism. The main body of the text is followed by a sample of definitions of terrorism and a bibliography of books, book chapters, and articles on the subject.
Atypical Esophageal Metastasis in the Thoracic Wall
Authors: R. Lopes Sofia , Baptista Mafalda , Gonçalves Carla , Vicente Inês , Valente Salete
Published: July 2024

N/a.
Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Continuous Challenge
Authors: Moleiro Maria Lúcia
Published: July 2024

N/a.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF EARNINGS PERSISTENCE, GOOD CORPOARATE GOVERNANCE, AND ACCRUAL COMPONENT TO EARNINGS QUALITY ON BANKING IN INDONESIA IN 2011-2015
Authors: Himmah Elok Faiqoh
Published: July 2024

This study aims to examine empirically the effect of earnings persistence, good corporate governance, and the accrual component of the quality of earnings in the banking sector in Indonesia. Data analysis was performed using quantitative descriptive methodthat aims to provide an overview of the nature of things that took place at the time the research was done. The study sample consisted of 25 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with data for a period of 5 years (2011-2015). The results showed that the accrual component of earnings persistence and significant effect on the quality of earnings. The resulting value is significantly smaller than 0.05. While GCG no significant effect on the quality of earnings in the banking sector in Indonesia, where significant value is greater than 0.05. This Study contributes to the existing Earnings Persistence, corporate governance, accrual component and earnings quality literature in emerging markets. In addition, this study offers some useful insights for regulators and policy makers by testing the effect of Banking Indonesia’s reforms on earnings quality
PENGARUH MODAL INTELEKTUAL TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KOPERASI KOTA KUPANG
Authors: Zachrias Jems Arison , Rosari Renya
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to find the effect of intellectual capital on the growth of cooperatives in Kupang City. Quantitative method is used in this study while data is taken from the cooperative's financial statement from 2011-2017. The intellectual capital is measured by Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) while cooperative growth is measured by natural logarithm of the change in cooperative's total assets. The population in this study is all cooperatives that registered in Dinas Koperasi Kota Kupang, totaled 64 cooperatives and 6 cooperatives chosen as the sample using purposive sampling method. The results showed that Intellectual Capital have significant effect on the growth of cooperatives in Kupang City. The theoretical implication shows that indicators in VAIC can be applied in measuring the cooperatives’ growth. As the practical implication, this study offer insight for the decision maker in order to increase the growth of cooperatives in Kupang City.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN E-FILLING, TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN PAJAK, DAN SANKSI PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN FORMAL WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI
Authors: Solichah Ninis Nur , - Isnalita , Soewarno Noorlailie
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this research to determine the effect of e-Filing implementation, level of tax comprehension, and tax sanction in carrying out their tax obligations. The data were obtained from 178 questionnaires distributed to individual taxpayers who use e-Filing.The population in this research are taxpayers who have used the online SPT reporting program, e-Filing. The sample in this research are 178 individual taxpayers. The method of this sampling is using convenience sampling method. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The result of this research shows that e-Filing implementation, tax sanction and the level of comprehension taxation has significant effect on formal compliance. The contribution of this research can provide information about the ease of reporting tax returns through e-filing so that more people report tax returns and pay their taxes and expected to increase knowledge in the field of taxation
A MODEL FOR ASSESSING SHIPPING SAFETY WITHIN PROJECT-ORIENTATED RISK MANAGEMENT BASED ON HUMAN ELEMENT
Authors: ONYSHCHENKO Svitlana , BYCHKOVSKY Yuriy , MELNYK Oleksiy , ONISHCHENKO Oleg , JURKOVIČ Martin , RUBSKYI Viacheslav , LIASHENKO Kostiantyn
Published: July 2024

Safety risk management in shipping projects is an extremely important aspect aimed at ensuring the success of the project and the safety of all participants in the maritime transportation process. This paper presents an approach to assessing safety risks that considers multiple factors including equipment condition, external circumstances, and human factors. The risk assessment utilizes the probability of accidents and their consequences, as well as the weighting factors of each factor. The results of the assessment are interpreted using a scale that defines the hazard level. The proposed methodology can effectively identify, analyse and manage safety risks, which can contribute to the success and safety of shipping projects. The study also discusses the importance of dividing the crew into functional groups based on the operations performed, which helps to better identify the safety risk for each group. Safety risk assessment is conducted for each operation individually as well as for the entire project or multiple operations to provide a comprehensive safety assessment. The results of the study have shown the feasibility of the proposed method for assessing the safety risks of shipping projects and its suitability to the initial data “safety” taking into account its separate sides, features, as well as the constituent aspects of the concept, systematization of the ship's safety structure in order to develop solutions to improve integral safety and optimize decision-making in emergency situations. Achievement of the general purpose of shipping safety thus means realization of ways of reduction of influence of the human factor on the number of accidents, and an estimation of the degree of influence of a set of factors on a ship during operation.
Analisis Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Pada Novel Catatan Juang Karya Fiersa Besari dan Pemanfaatannya dalam Pembelajaran Menganalisis Novel Kelas X SMK
Authors: Utari Rindi , Subaweh Ahmad Maskur , Fajri Khoirul
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai pendidikan karakter yang terdapat dalam novel Catatan Juang Karya Fiersa Besari yang diterbitkan oleh Media kita cetakan pertama 2017. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, yakni mendeskripsikan dan menjawab suatu fenomena atau peristiwa yang terjadi pada saat ini. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan studi dokumen (pencatatan) terhadap teks novel Catatan Juang Karya Fiersa Besari dengan instrument penelitian menggunakan peneliti itu sendiri, yang artinya peneliti melakukan pembacaan kemudian penganalisisan terhadap sumber data secara berulang-ulang. Adapun teknik analisis datanya dengan cara sebagai berikut. a)  peneliti membaca secara kritis b) peneliti memahami isi bacaan dan mengaitkan sesuai masalah yang akan diteliti. c) mengumpulkan data dan menandai nilai pendidikan karakter yang dibutuhkan dalam novel. d) mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dan menarik kesimpulan dari penelitian. e) menyusun bahan ajar. f) melakukan validasi bahan ajar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa nilai pendidikan karakter yang muncul adalah religius, jujur, disiplin, gemar membaca, dan peduli sosial. Serta pemanfaatannya dalam menganalisis novel terhadap bahan ajar modul tersebut.

 
The Effect of The Implementation of Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) Learning Model Assisted by Talking Sticks on Students' Argumentation Skills on Buffer Solution Material
Authors: Cahyani Sukma Yulia Dwi , Ningrum Lis Setiyo
Published: July 2024

Tantangan di dunia pendidikan pada abad 21 pendidik dituntut untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran dalam kelas yang menarik dan menuntut peserta didik untuk memiliki keterampilan 4C salah satunya yaitu communication, dimana kemampuan ini berperan penting dalam pembelajaran sains yaitu berargumentasi ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh implementasi model pembelajaran Auditory, Intellectually, Repetition (AIR) berbantuan Talking Stick terhadap kemampuan argumentasi peserta didik pada materi larutan penyangga. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian pre test-post test non equivalen control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen soal tes, observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi model pembelajaran AIR berbantuan talking stick berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan argumentasi peserta didik. Hal ini dibuktikan melalui data hasil uji N-gain kelas eksperimen (0,77) lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol (0,68) serta hasil uji hipotesis independent sample t-test dengan nilai sig. 2-tailed sebesar 0,012. Artinya, Ha diterima atau implementasi model pembelajaran AIR berbantuan talking stick berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berargumentasi peserta didik.

 
Design of a Simple Chemical Equilibrium Tool Using Natural Dyes
Authors: Asyaura Hiraluna , Kartika Luthfia Rahma , Kholidah Kholidah
Published: July 2024

Materi kimia akan mudah dipahami oleh siswa apabila pengetahuan yang didapatkan dapat diimplementasikan dan dapat ditemukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan media praktikum yang sederhana dan dapat memberi pemahaman kedapa siswa terkait materi kesetimbangan kimia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan alat praktikum sederhana kesetimbangan kimia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengembangan. Praktikum merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Konsep yang diterapkan pada alat praktikum ini yaitu adanya pergeseran kesetimbangan yang disebabkan oleh adanya pengaruh tekanan atau konsentrasi. Untuk menghindari dampak buruk dari penggunaan pewarna sintetik maka diterapkan adanya prinsip green chemistry yaitu penggunaan pewarna alami dalam larutan yang memiliki konsentrasi yang berbeda. Warna tersebut berasal dari daun pandan (hijau) dan buah bit (merah). Harapnya rancangan alat praktikum ini dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami konsep pergeseran kesetimbangan serta dapat menerapkan prinsip green chemistry yaitu penggunaan bahan-bahan yang aman dan tidak mencemari lingkungan.

 
Implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) to Improve Students’ Scientific Literacy
Authors: Fametya Melida Sholikhah Dwi , Nada Ella Izzatin , Sari Wiwik Kartika
Published: July 2024

Peserta didik harus memiliki kemampuan untuk menjawab tantangan dan masalah di masyarakat, berpikir kritis, kreatif, dan memiliki pemahaman yang baik untuk menerapkan konsep sains dalam pemecahan masalah. Kemampuan ini dapat dicapai jika siswa memiliki literasi sains. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas Problem Based Learning (PBL) dalam meningkatkan literasi sains siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain quasy eksperimen. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 62 siswa yang terdiri dari 32 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 30 siswa kelas kontrol. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling dan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, dan tes. Hasil dari penggunaan PBL, siswa dapat menjawab soal dengan sangat baik dan dapat menjelaskan jawabannya dengan lengkap yang artinya, model PBL (Problem Based Learning) efektif terhadap kemampuan literasi sains siswa. Jadi, tujuan penelitian kali ini untuk menganalisis keefektifitasan PBL untuk meningkatan literasi ilmiah siswa.
Character Education Value in Dongkrek Art Performance: A Study of The Enculturation Process in The Madiun Regency Community
Authors: Sugiyanto Annisa Imsawati , Marmoah Sri , Kurniawan Sandra Bayu
Published: July 2024

This research describes the values of Dongkrek art as one of the complementary learning resources in improving the practice of character education through the Pancasila student profile strengthening project. The purpose of the research is to describe the character values of Dongkrek art. The research type is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected through literature review and field observation. The results showed that Dongkrek art is categorized as a local art consisting of a combination of music, dance, vocal, and literary elements. The character values come from the dance movements, the character of the actors through the masks, and the musical instruments. The character values that can be included in character education are spiritual, spirituality, moral, symbolic, patriotism or heroism, leadership, welfare or social care, justice, and aesthetics.
Analysis of Teacher Pedagogic Competence in Compiling HOTS-Based Learning Tools
Authors: Murtopo Dwi , Winarno Winarno , Atmojo Idam Ragil Widianto
Published: July 2024

This study aims to: 1) determine the pedagogical competence of teachers in compiling HOTS-based learning tools; and 2) knowing the application of teacher pedagogic competence in compiling HOTS-based learning tools. The form and strategy of research used is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection techniques using the following methods: 1) interviews; 2) questionnaires; and 3) documentation. Data analysis techniques using the Miles & Huberman model. The results of the study concluded that: 1) teacher pedagogic competence in compiling HOTS-based learning tools has mostly run well in accordance with teacher competency standards; and 2) application in the field needs to be improved again so that teachers are consistent in compiling HOTS-based learning tools so that their pedagogic competence increases.
The Role of Learning Facilities, Accountability of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Teachers on the Role of School Principals by a Climate of Collaboration in Cilegon City Elementary School
Authors: Kartini Kartini , Yusuf Furtasan Ali , Umalihayati Umalihayati
Published: July 2024

Inovasi kinerja kepala sekolah perlu melibatkan factor konsituen sekolah seperti fasilitas belajar PAI, dan akuntabilitas guru PAI dan iklim kerjasama. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui factor – factor yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap kinerja kepala sekolah. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian kauntitatif melalui pengumpulan jawaban responden. Populasi penelitian adalah para guru PAI baik ASN atau nonasn yang menagjar PAI. Teknik pengambilan sampling menggunakan Teknik random (acak) dan terkumpul 180 jawaban responden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pendekatan Partial Least Square (PLS), untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil temuan antara lain kinerja kepala sekolah dapat dipengaruhi oleh akuntabilitas guru PAI, dan iklim kerjasama. selain itu, untuk menciptakan iklim kerjasama perlu ditingkatkan fasilitas belajar PAI. Simpulan, inovasi kinerja kepala sekolah dapat diukur melalui akuntabilitas guru PAI, dan iklim kerjasama yang dipengaruhi oleh factor fasilitas belajar PAI.
Analisis Manajemen Risiko dalam Rangka Pengembangan Pengelolaan Wisata
Authors: Nugrahani Novi , Isrowiyah Anna , Setiati Fita , Yusna Yusna
Published: July 2024

Risiko dalam industri pariwisata sangat besar seiring dengan meningkatnya pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi profil wisata di BUMDes Kerto Raharja Desa Sanankerto Kecamatan Turen Kabupaten Malang dan potensi risiko yang dapat terjadi. Penelitian menerapkan desain kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di BUMDes Kerto Raharjo Kecamatan Turen Kabupaten Malang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi, wawancara dan observasi dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Desa Sanankerto merupakan desa yang memiliki potensi berupa alam sehingga dapat dikembangkan menjadi desa wisata di Kabupaten Malang. Beberapa potensi risiko dalam pengelolaan wisata Desa Sanankerto diantaranya fasilitas umum kurang baik, idak ada kendaraan umum, masyarakat sekitar kurang turut menjaga ketertiban, kenyamanan, dan kebersihan, tidak ada peraturan dari pemerintah tentang pengelolaan atau sanksi yang tegas untuk turis yang melanggar aturan.
The Role of Job Happiness and Loyalty on The Work Environment and Job Safety by Job Achievement in The Banten Company
Authors: Kardi Kardi , Yusuf Furtasan Ali , Hardianto Ade Manggala
Published: July 2024

Prestasi kerja menimbulkan produkrifitas kerja, dan inovasi daya saing perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengembangkan daya saing perusahaan melalui prestasi kerja. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang menambahkan variable intervening sebagai variable prediksi yang memengaruhi secara tidak langsung. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode survei (kuesioner) pada karyawan PLTU secara acak (random). Data yang terkumpul sebanyak 185 responden dan akan dianalisis dengan Structural Equation Model (SEM). Hasil penelitian antara lain prestasi kerja terhadap keselamatan kerja dengan nilai p-value 0.000 < 0.05, dan prestasi kerja terhadap lingkungan kerja dengan nilai p-value 0.000 < 0.05. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu peran prestasi kerja dalam organisasi mampu menjembatani keselamatan kerja dan lingkungan kerja dan berdampak positif apabila organisasi menerapkan prestasi kerja sebagai ukuran kinerja karyawan.
Pendampingan Implementasi Pembelajaran Berorientasi Social Skills di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Salimi Moh , Susiani Tri Saptuti , Hidayah Ratna , Karsono Karsono
Published: July 2024

Social skills menjadi fokus bersama pada Kurikulum Merdeka yang tercermin pada Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Pencapaian Profil Pelajar Pancasila memerlukan kemitraan banyak pihak, termasuk kemitraan antara Sekolah dan LPTK. Tujuan Pengabdian ini adalah mengembangkan pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada social skills. Pengabdian ini menggunakan pola pendampingan dan pelatihan. Pengabdian ini berjalan dengan baik dan lancar melalui penerapan kegiatan: In, On, dan In. Kualitas pembelajaran berorientasi social skills mengalami perkembangan yang terlihat dari aktivitas belajar yang berkembang baik dan kompetensi social skills yang berkembang baik.
Edukasi Bahaya Pernikahan Dini kepada Ibu-Ibu PKK Desa Sekarpuro Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Permata Sari Qurnia Indah , Utaminingsih Alifiautin
Published: July 2024

Pengabdian masyarakat melalui edukasi bahaya perkawinan anak kepada ibu-ibu PKK Desa Sekarpuro bertujuan untuk mencegah perkawinan anak. Sosialisasi ini diikuti oleh 19 peserta yang keseluruhannya merupakan ibu Rukun Tetangga (RT) di wilayahnya masing-masing. Pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan dengan metode ceramah serta diskusi. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah ceramah dan diskusi. Dalam ceramah disampaikan informasi secara formal mengenai konsekuensi negatif dari perkawinan anak, termasuk dampak jangka panjangnya terhadap kesejahteraan anak, keluarga, dan masyarakat secara luas. Diskusi memberikan kesempatan bagi peserta untuk berbagi pengalaman, pemikiran, dan solusi terkait permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam upaya mencegah perkawinan anak. Hasil dari kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran dan pengetahuan ibu-ibu PKK tentang urgensi mencegah perkawinan anak. Dengan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang risiko dan dampak negatif yang terkait dengan praktik tersebut, diharapkan ibu-ibu PKK dapat berperan aktif dalam upaya pencegahan perkawinan anak di lingkungan mereka. Dengan demikian, pengabdian masyarakat ini merupakan langkah konkret dalam melindungi hak-hak anak dan memperkuat kesadaran akan pentingnya mengutamakan kesejahteraan generasi mendatang.
new proposal for the Architectural Stratigraphic Analysis and the resulting diagram
Authors: Villalobos Roberto
Published: July 2024

The stratigraphic analysis is a non-destructive method based on archaeology that illustrates the relationships and sequences of the stratigraphic layers of excavations by listing all their constituting elements, to be later represented in a stratigraphic diagram. Although the constant improvements and applications of the stratigraphic analysis in several scientific fields since 1973, this study proposes specific modifications to the current method as well as an adaptation of the diagram scheme to each case study of conservation. The main goal of this study was the elaboration of a detailed and comprehensive diagram that encompasses the entire monument, rather than one for each individual section of the monument. The first step was the identification of the main stratigraphic units and their classification based on their primary function: structural or decorative. The second step concerned a simplification of the current relationships of the architectural units into three groups, according to their roles within the entire system to obtain a simpler stratigraphic sequence. The final step was the new incorporation of pathology-related information and the addition of the missing elements as a reconstruction process. These adjustments allowed the diagram to arrange all data gathered from heritage analysis and will permit historians, architects, archaeologists, and others to engage in a global reading of the built. The stratigraphic diagram will serve as a tool to visually represent the analysis and synthesis in a coded manner, which will be comprehensible to both the researchers and the scientific community.
Studies on Ottoman Sherbets from the Past to Present
Authors: Cankurt Hasan
Published: July 2024

Sherbet, a beverage with a rich historical significance in Turkish culinary culture, traces its origins to the Turks of Central Asia. However, its popularity experienced a significant decline during the 1960s with the rise of the beverage industry. This traditional drink, once widely consumed in the Ottoman Empire, has since been overshadowed by carbonated beverages and tea. Factors such as the enhanced refreshing sensation of carbonated beverages, their constant availability, extended shelf life, and consistent flavor contribute to this shift. This study underscores the ancient origins of sherbet and its considerable impact on cultural life, particularly during the Ottoman Empire. Additionally, it examines sherbets made during the Ottoman period from a food technology perspective, incorporating production recipes for 25 different sherbets for potential contemporary commercial use. Moreover, the study compiles recent scientific investigations on newly produced sherbets, including their production techniques and bioactive properties. The primary aim of this study is to contribute to reproducing the most popular sherbets consumed during the Ottoman period using modern production and preservation techniques, making them accessible to the public.
Disseminated Salmonella Typhi Infection Presenting with Slurred Speech and Encephalopathy: An Unusual Presentation
Authors:   Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan., Saad Malik , Maha Quratulain ,   Department of Medical Education, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan., Talal Muhammad ,   Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes systemic infections and typhoid fever in humans, mainly affecting infants and children. It presents mostly with fever, malaise, anorexia, abdominal pain, constipation, and/or diarrhoea. Complications of the disease include intestinal perforation and haemorrhage. However, sometimes extra-intestinal complications are also reported, which rarely include encephalopathy. This report presents a case of a 28-year-old male who presented with somnolence and later developed slurred speech. A week before his current admission, he was admitted with abdominal pain and underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy, and was discharged uneventfully. Now after eight days he presented with somnolence. His neurological examination was otherwise unremarkable. Imaging studies helped to rule out ischaemic stroke. A detailed system-wise examination revealed mild right upper quadrant tenderness and hepatosplenomegaly on abdominal examination. Imaging revealed hepatosplenomegaly with gallbladder wall oedema and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Blood culture was reviewed, revealing extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi. A diagnosis of XDR Salmonella bacteraemia leading to encephalopathy was made. The patient responded well to antibiotic therapy guided by the culture and sensitivity. Keywords: Salmonella, Complicated typhoid, XDR typhoid, Food hygiene, Speech disturbance, Ischaemic stroke.
Oil and Gas Content of the South Caspian Basin
Authors: Poletayev A.V. , Poletayeva E.V.
Published: July 2024

—We have compiled maps of areal isotope composition changes and constructed graphs of gas HC distribution depending on the stratigraphic age of the host rocks and graphs of isotope composition changes depending on the depth of sampling to study the hydrocarbon potential of the deep-seated oil and gas pools of the South Caspian Basin. The genesis of gas was studied using the techniques elaborated by M. Schoell and A. James. Two stages of hydrocarbon formation have been established by study of various kinds of gas manifestation. The first stage (Miocene–Eocene) began in the deposits underlying the Productive Series and continued up to the deposits of the latter. This stage was characterized by a frequent change in the directions of both downward and upward movements of gases. The second stage of hydrocarbon formation (Anthropogene–Pliocene) began in the deposits of the Productive Series and was characterized by a change in the regional geodynamic setting. Avalanche sedimentation and the predominance of downward movements over upward ones favored the accumulation of thick sediments at the time when the Productive Series formed. The sedimentation and tectonic processes (downwarping) in the deep-water zone of the basin led to harsh thermobaric conditions in the sedimentary strata. A detailed analysis of the results of gas survey in the deep-water zone of the South Caspian Basin has shown gas generation with a predominance of two components, methane and ethane. Study of the trends of temporal and areal hydrocarbon migration and of the areas of oil and gas generation makes it possible to reveal structures with evidence for large and giant hydrocarbon reserves. We have established that gas hydrocarbons in the bottom and upper-section sediments of the southern Caspian Sea are intimately related to the sources of hydrocarbons, their migration, and other processes running in the deep-seated sediments and in the upper section.
Heat Flow in the Northeastern Continental Margin of Russia
Authors: Gornov P.Yu. , Duchkov A.D.
Published: July 2024

—This work is set out to summarize, analyze and revisit results of the geothermal studies carried out in Northeast Russia. A catalog of measured heat flow values has been compiled, and on its basis a map of the region’s heat flow distribution has been constructed. Geodynamic activity of the tectonic structures in Northeast Russia, their thermal regime in which the heat flow is a critical indicator, is largely determined by the interaction between the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates and smaller-order plates located in the northeastern part of the Asian continent. The areas of interaction between the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates are marked by the Arctic-Asian seismic belt, which is characterized by intense orogenesis, modern volcanism, active seismicity, diverse geothermal regimes, and large heterogeneity of measured heat flow values. On the Chukotka Peninsula, the helium isotope method was used to estimate heat flow values. It is proposed to consider the class of geodynamic activity of tectonic structures as one of the factors of the geothermal regime.
2024 SPE Pioneers of Improved Oil Recovery
Authors: Pallanich Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Reservoirs present plenty of complexity and mystery. Four oil recovery experts have helped remove some of those mysteries, taming the complex to boost production.

From developing preformed particle gels that improve conformance when fractures cause severe channeling to simulating enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes in the reservoir to identifying the aqueous stability concept to demonstrating the distance polymer solutions can travel without degradation, the four 2024 recipients of the 2024 Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) Pioneer Award have made a “sustained and important contribution to increased oil recovery,” Randy Seright, New Mexico Tech, 2024 Pioneer selection committee chairman and 2008 honoree, told JPT.

Seright, four other previous recipients of the recognition, and 2024 SPE IOR Conference General Chairman Tom McCoy evaluated a field of 16 nominees for the lifetime achievement honor and selected four who have throughout their careers “made the most lasting and significant contributions to IOR,” Seright said. “It’s why we are where we are today with respect to IOR.”

The 2024 IOR Pioneer recipients who were honored during the biannual IOR conference in Tulsa in April are Baojun Bai, professor of petroleum engineering, who sits in the Lester Birbeck Endowed Chair at Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) in Rolla, Missouri; Mojdeh Delshad, research professor in the Hildebrand Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin (UT-Austin); Varadarajan Dwarakanath, team lead for chemical EOR at the Chevron Technology Center in Houston; and Stephane Jouenne, who previously led a TotalEnergies team dedicated to surface and subsurface research topics for polymer flooding and is currently CO2 capture project coordinator at TotalEnergies.

“It’s the most prestigious award given out in IOR,” Seright said.
Adaptive Approach for Reservoir Modeling Reduces Project Time, Improves Collaboration
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: July 2024

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 23935, “Breaking the Chain: Novel Use of Adaptive Model Approach for Reservoir Modeling Reduces Time Duration of Project and Improves Collaboration,” by Anthony R. Thompson, SPE, and Cesar E. Zerpa Bolivar, SPE, Saudi Aramco. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2024 International Petroleum Technology Conference.

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The complete paper details how the reservoir modeling workflow can be accelerated, and uncertainty reduced, even for challenging greenfield prospects by constructing multiple small fit-for-purpose integrated adaptive models instead of one all-encompassing model. This workflow reduces the number of items on the critical path while simultaneously enabling static and dynamic data to be integrated before the static model is finalized. In addition, this approach enables new ideas to be evaluated more rapidly without affecting the critical path of the project.

Adaptive Models

Adaptive models are constructed to evaluate a single parameter, although this does not preclude an adaptive model being used to answer more than one question simultaneously. Critical to the successful use of adaptive models is the fact that they can be constructed quickly. This enables the various inputs received to be assessed and quality-controlled within the static and dynamic models the moment the input or interpretation becomes available.

The construction of adaptive models normally is best achieved through the construction of a workflow in the static modeling package. Initially, the workflow may only consist of the construction of a grid in which to start to place wells. As data become available and are quality-controlled into the model, in most cases, this can be included into the workflow, enabling more constraints to be applied to the subsequent modeling framework.

When the adaptive model is being simulated dynamically, it is critical that the model runs quickly. The use of a sector model can be considered for greenfields because the history-matching parameters before production starts are limited to the vicinity of the well. Full-field models are only required when an event occurs across the whole of the reservoir.

Adaptive Modular Modeling Process

In contrast to the classical approach to reservoir modeling, which uses a chain-type approach, the use of adaptive models brings components together in the sequence of work completion. This means that the various components of the model can be competed when the resource or team member is available. Thus, until very near the end, the project is unlikely to be waiting on the input of one person.
Technology Focus: Unconventional and Tight Reservoirs (July 2024)
Authors: Walker Larissa
Published: July 2024

Unconventional reservoirs bear a unique perplexity in that, at every scale, they are different from their conventional counterparts and even one another. Small nuances in any one parameter can result in a vastly different well result, which may affect how an area, or even an entire play, is interpreted. This month’s selection of papers is all about those differences, in recognition that it is technology that drives innovation through understanding what these differences mean and how best to extract value from these vast resources.

Starting at the well scale and looking at the benefits of knowing the efficacy of each stimulation stage, paper URTeC 3864145 is from the Ordos Basin in China. Investigating hydraulic fracture performance on a stage-by-stage basis proves time and time again that understanding the details can improve overall development outcomes. The case study reviews two hydraulic fracture diagnostic techniques used in combination to determine water breakthrough and shutoff plans.

Zooming out to the play scale, paper SPE 216292 is focused on the most variable of unconventional reservoirs: the carbonate reservoir. This case study of the Austin Chalk formation in Texas analyses the production uplift from application of horizontal, multistage fracture stimulation technology in tight or fractured carbonate reservoirs. The application of unconventional technology in carbonate reservoirs can extended field life, and the deployment of this technology should be considered for any redevelopment or reassessment of potential resources trapped in tight carbonate reservoirs.

Finally, paper OTC 34832 draws on the concept of innovation that is required to unlock unconventional resources. Novel methods of stimulation are the cornerstone of unconventional technology in that well stimulation is a basic requirement of all low-permeability reservoirs. The paper describes a trial pilot from idea through execution from Kuwait Oil Company for enhanced oil recovery in tight formations using downhole hydrogen generation from in-situ exothermic multistage chemical reactions between two unique hydroreacting agents. The paper also provides lessons learned and optimization insights from the trial, concluding that a successful, low-cost alternative stimulation technique was demonstrated and repeatable.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 216139 Tight Gas Reservoir Characterization and Comparison of PLT Methods: Microseismic Monitoring, Fiber-Optical Production Logging, and Tracer-Coated Sand Monitoring Applied in the Same Well by Xiao Yao, Petrochina, et al.

SPE 216149 New Insight in Developing Tight Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs, Mishrif Formation, West Kuwait by M. El-Jeaan, Kuwait Oil Company, et al.

SPE 215712 Successful Utilization of In-Situ Dune Sands in Saudi Arabian Unconventional Frac Operations by Nahar Qahtani, Saudi Aramco, et al.
Experimental Evaluation of CO2-Soluble Nonionic Surfactants for Wettability Alteration to Intermediate CO2-Oil Wet during Immiscible Gas Injection
Authors: Torabi Farshid , Gandomkar Asghar
Published: July 2024

The change in wettability of limestone reservoirs from oil-wet toward gas-wet can enhance crude oil production during immiscible CO2 injection. Therefore, in this research, we investigated the impact of wettability alteration to CO2-wet on oil recovery factor via dissolution of fluorine-free, CO2-philic, nonionic surfactants such as C4(PO)6 and C41H83O19 in CO2. Based on the cloudpoint measurements, the dissolution pressures of nonionic surfactants in supercritical CO2 ranged between 2,100 psi and 2,700 psi (below the reservoir pressure, i.e., 3,000 psi) at reservoir temperature, 65°C; these pressures are commensurate with CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) pressures. Also, the C4(PO)6 and C41H83O19 can reduce the CO2-oil interfacial tension (IFT). Moreover, the CO2/C4(PO)6 and C41H83O19 solutions can change the limestone wettability from strongly oil-wet (Θ ~ 20o) to intermediate CO2/oil-wet (Θ = 95o and 110o) at reservoir conditions. The relative permeability curves also confirmed it by changing the curvature to the left and decreasing the residual oil saturation in both cases of CO2/C4(PO)6 and C41H83O19 solutions. The 20.8% and 13.1% additional oil recoveries were achieved during the 30,000 ppm CO2/C4(PO)6 and C41H83O19 solution scenarios, respectively, relative to the pure CO2 injection scenario. These nonionic surfactants are not able to make CO2-in-oil foam; therefore, wettability alteration and perhaps IFT reduction are the dominant mechanisms of EOR induced by the dissolution of nonionic surfactants in CO2, instead of CO2 mobility control. Consequently, the dissolution of fluorine-free, oxygenated, CO2-philic, nonionic surfactants (such as C4(PO)6 and C41H83O19) in CO2 at 30,000 ppm concentration can be a well-qualified candidate for altering the limestone wettability to intermediate CO2-oil-wet during the immiscible CO2 injection.
Deep brain stimulation of medial forebrain bundle modulates the noradrenergic activity and feedforward circuitry in rodent depression model
Authors: Döbrössy Máté , Duan Zhuo , Tong Yixin , Coenen Volker Arnd
Published: July 2024

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the superolateral medial forebrain bundle (MFB) has shown promising long-term anti-depressant effects in treatment-resistant depression patients, although its mechanisms are not clear. The study explores mfb-DBS mediated modulation of central noradrenaline (NA) transmission in a rodent depression model. Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats, an experimental depression model, were used to examine the noradrenergic fibers' spatial distribution and myelination traversing the mfb. In vivo NA release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAC) was monitored with fiber photometry during unilateral mfb-DBS across diverse stimulation parameters. Stimulation induced changes in the parvalbumin-mediated feedforward microcircuitry and neuron activation were identified. Moreover, the activation of the ascending projected (A1, A2, A6) NA cell groups was quantified by c-fos staining, and the animals’ affective state monitored by ultrasonic vocalization recordings. Medial forebrain bundle NA fibers were predominantly unmyelinated and located in the medial quadrate. Stimulation increased mPFC NA release across both groups, but notably higher release was measured in the FSLs NAC. The depressive model also demonstrated more positive affective vocalizations post-DBS. The A1/ A2 cell groups in the FSLs had reduced activity, yet were reactivated by DBS, while the A6 group was highly active in both groups, albeit with a reduced neuron density in the depressive model. DBS normalized parvalbumin interneuron activity in the FSL rats. The study emphasizes the potential therapeutic role of MFB DBS in modulating NA system, providing insights into its anti-depressant mechanisms of action in major depression.
Mendelian randomization and single-cell analysis reveal relationships between sleep disorders and myocardial infarction
Authors: Luo Zhihuan , Song Pan , Xiong Bangji , Hao Kun , Liu Yongpan , Jiang Jinlong , Gong Xiaofang , Sun Min , Yao Luyuan
Published: July 2024

BackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) and sleep apnoea are common diseases, and epidemiologic evidence suggests that the two are related.
Methods Our research relied on genome-wide association summary statistics (GWAS) pertaining to patients diagnosed with sleep apnoea, snoring, insomnia, or narcolepsy, as well as individuals diagnosed with MI. Using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we investigated the relationships between MI and sleep apnoea, snoring, insomnia and narcolepsy. In addition, colocalization analysis was used to identify genes whose increased expression may contribute to sleep disorders. Subsequently, we illustrated that the upregulation of these genes serves as a negative prognostic factor for MI through the application of summary-data-based MR (SMR). Furthermore, we analysedsingle-cell data obtained from individuals with MI to elucidate the subcellular localization of these genes and assess the enriched pathways.
ResultsBidirectional MR analysis suggested no causal association between sleep apnoea and MI. Snoring, insomnia, and narcolepsy are risk factors for MI. The genes associated with snoring, insomnia, and narcolepsy were all colocalized with eQTLs. SMR demonstrated that these genes are risk factors for MI. Single-cell analysis revealed that these genes were predominantly localized to cardiac endothelial cells and enriched in the Rap1 pathway.
Conclusion Our study revealedthat snoring, insomnia, and narcolepsy are risk factors for MI. The primary mechanism could involve sleep disorders inducing alterations in the expression abundance of LINC02210, LRRC37A, LRRC37A2, KANSL1-AS1, and DND1P1, thereby increasing the risk of MI via the Rap1 pathway.
"Demand and Consumption of Bananas (Musa spp.) in Tanzania"
Authors: George William
Published: July 2024

Bananas (Musa spp.) are a vital component of the diet, serving as a significant source of nutrition and income for people across urban and rural areas. The study was conducted to investigate the demand and consumption of bananas in Tanzania. The study utilized cross sectional data (2021) and time series data (2000–2021). The demand and consumption models were used as analytical tools. Key variables including price, income levels, and preferences were examined to understand their influence on banana demand and consumption. Results shows that elasticity of own price of banana was negative ranging from − 0.11 to -0.13 and statistically significant at 10% level. Cross-price elasticity with respect to cassava ranged from 0.06 to 0.08 and for sweet potatoes was 0.24. The income elasticity was positive ranging from 0.04 to 0.07 but significant. The elasticities of banana demand vary between urban and rural areas. Consumers in urban and rural areas was responsive to price stimuli. Price elasticities ranged from − 0.33 to -1.15 in urban areas and from − 0.48 to -1.01 in rural areas. The income elasticities were positive and significant for all regions. It is concluded that banana consumption was attributed to relative food prices, income, changing tastes and preferences.
A game-changing core-sheath yarn with large-scalable production to transform wool static nuisance into usable energy for wearable electronics
Authors: Qin Xiaohong , Xiong Chengdong , Luo Bin , Lei Sailing , Dai Linqi , Yu Jinlin , Wang Liming , Wang Rongwu
Published: July 2024

Wool fibers, commonly used in autumn-winter clothing, are prone to generating static electricity, leading to discomfort and safety concerns for wearers, thus posing a long-standing challenge for textile industry in developing simple and effective anti-static solutions. Herein, we introduce a game-changing core-sheath yarn (CSY) produced at a large scale (~ 6 m/min) through wrap spinning to transform wool's static nuisance into triboelectric energy. The CSY knitted fabric (CSYF) can simultaneously achieve excellent static elimination half-life (~ 0.21 s) and efficient energy conversion (~ 430 V, ~ 2.7 µA at 2 Hz). With good dyeability, considerably high flexibility (~ 200% stretchability), and exceptional output power (~ 740 mW m− 2), surpassing most yarn-based triboelectric textiles, CSYF demonstrates applications in power sources and self-powered sensing. This work offers a dual-benefit proposal for the green and sustainable conversion and utilization of challenging energy sources.
A Unique Case of Self-Resolving Multiple Intestinal Intussusceptions Concurrent with Inflammatory Gallbladder Polyps in an Adult
Authors: Malik Haris Mumtaz , Sabir Beenish , Mukona Doreen Macherera , Saleem Shafaq , Muneer Gulzeryam , Khalid Eeman
Published: July 2024

Background: Intestinal intussusception is the inversion of a portion of the proximal part of intestinal loop into the distal part of the loop. It leads to intestinal obstruction and vascular compromise. This predicament is rare in adults and is usually associated with benign or malignant neoplasms but very rarely with Gallbladder polyps.
Case presentation: We present a case of a 41 year old male, presenting with abdominal pain, alternating episodes of diarrhea and constipation and gaseous abdomen for the preceding 5 months. Patient had pallor of mucosa, no jaundice, normal scaphoid shaped and non-tender abdomen and unremarkable head and neck. On complete blood count (CBC) the patient had decreased hemoglobin and raised lymphocytes. Multiple gut intussusceptions were observed in 4 areas and multiple echogenic foci were also observed in the gallbladder. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy showed a densely adherent gallbladder. On exploratory laparotomy no intussusceptions were seen at the indicated areas but rather abnormal constrictions of the gut which indicated past intussusceptions, suspected to have spontaneously healed without intervention.
Conclusion: Intestinal Intussusceptions rarely occur in adults and are almost always accompanied by benign or malignant neoplasms. They rarely with illnesses such as gallbladder polyps. However, possibilities remain so these should not be ruled out without proper investigations. Proper follow up should therefore, be done owing to the possibility of recurrence.
Case report: Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis in a patient with SCLO1B1 gene abnormalities
Authors: Hoang Bùi Hai , Vu Dinh Hung , Dang Trung Anh , Dinh Michael M
Published: July 2024

Statin use can cause rhabdomyolysis, especially in patients with abnormalities in the SCLO1B1 gene, which transports statins into hepatocytes. We report a case study of a 53-year-old male patient with a mutation in the SCLO1B1 gene who was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis complicated by acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy. This case study highlights the importance of early detection and treatment of rhabdomyolysis in patients taking statins, particularly when genetic abnormalities are present.