bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peak-End Effects for Subjective Mental Workload Ratings
Authors: Peterson Doug A. , Kozhokar Denis
Published: October 2017

The present study examines the possible impact of the peak-end rule as it applies to the measurement of subjective workload. Researchers presented participants with the same three tasks presented in a different order and asked participants to rate the workload of the entire session using a single item rating scale and the NASA-TLX. One of the three tasks was designed to be more challenging than the other two as confirmed by a manipulation check. When the challenging task was presented last in the session, there were significantly higher ratings on the TLX-mental demand and TLX-effort subscales. The overall NASA-TLX and the single item rating scale both produced scores that were higher when this challenging task was last but did not reach statistical significance. Future research regarding subjective mental workload should be careful to consider these end-effects as a potential source of bias.
The Future of Adaptive Tutoring: Wrangling Complexity across Domains, Applications, and Platforms
Authors: Ososky Scott , Dorneich Michael , Gilbert Stephen B. , Goldberg Benjamin , Johnson Cheryl I. , Sinatra Anne M.
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this panel is to discuss current directions in research and design of adaptive tutoring, and the need for a method to uniformly describe tutors within this growing field. Discussions will focus on the increasing complexity of individual tutors, as well as how tutors could be categorized through identification of relevant, constituent parts. A standardized taxonomy would provide the foundation for establishing a quantifiable metric of complexity, which could then be used to compare vastly distinct tutors to one another. Applications of such a metric also include evaluating tutor effectiveness with respect to learning outcomes, comparing capabilities / usability of different adaptive tutor authoring tools, and providing more accurate estimates of the time required to develop an hour of tutoring. Individual elements of tutoring to be discussed within the context of this framework include team tutoring, psychomotor tutoring, multi-platform architectures, personalized tutoring, and authoring complexity.
Predicting General Aviation Pilots’ Weather-Related Performance through a Scenario-Based Assessment
Authors: Cruit Jessica , Frederick Christina , Blickensderfer Beth , Keebler Joseph R. , Guinn Thomas
Published: October 2017

Weather-related accidents continue to challenge the general aviation (GA) community and with the development of advanced weather technology, GA pilots need additional education and training on how to effectively use these weather products to ensure flight safety. Currently, the literature on aviation weather suggests that there is a gap in both training and assessment strategy for GA pilots. Furthermore, several studies advocate assessing GA pilots at a deeper level of learning by including weather-based, scenario/application questions on the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) written exam for private pilots. After first developing a scenario-based, aviation weather assessment, we used a multiple regression analysis to predict aviation weather performance from 90 GA pilots. In addition, we used Baron and Kenny’s (1986) test for mediation to predict aviation weather performance from four predictor variables (i.e., a scenario-based aviation weather assessment, a traditional, non-scenario-based weather assessment, weather salience, and aviation weather experience). The results of the study indicated that scores on the scenario-based assessment were the strongest predictor of aviation weather performance followed by aviation weather experience. These results support the need for scenario-based weather questions on the FAA written exam for private pilots. The results of this study could help aviation officials and educators better assess and train general aviation pilots on weather-related topics.
The Impact of User Biases Toward a Virtual Human’s Skin Tone on Triage Errors Within a Virtual World for Emergency Management Training
Authors: Zipp Sarah A. , Krause Tyler , Craig* Scotty D.
Published: October 2017

Biases influence the decisions people make in everyday life, even if they are unaware of it. This behavior transfers into social interactions in virtual environments. These systems are becoming an increasingly common platform for training, so it is critical to understand how biases will impact them. The present study investigates the effect of the ethnicity bias on error behaviors within a virtual world for medical triage training. Two between subjects variables, participant skin tone (light, dark) and avatar skin tone (light, dark), and one within subjects variable, agent/patient skin tone (light, dark), were manipulated to create a 2 X 2 X 2 mixed design with four conditions. Effects on errors were observed on errors made while helping patient (agents). Participants made considerably more errors while triaging dark-skinned agents which increased the amount of time spent on them, in comparison to light-skinned agents. Within a virtual world for training, people apply general ethnic biases against dark-skinned individuals, which is important to consider when designing such systems because the biases could impact the effectiveness of the training.
Design Recommendations to Enhance Virtual Reality Presence for Older Adults
Authors: McGlynn Sean A. , Rogers Wendy A.
Published: October 2017

Virtual reality (VR) systems are becoming increasingly affordable for the general population. These technologies have potentially beneficial applications in a wide variety of contexts. Primary considerations for enhancing VR experiences in these contexts are the level of immersion enabled by the technology and the level of presence experienced by the user. Older adults are often overlooked during the design and application of VR technologies, even though these types of systems may help overcome certain aspects of the age-related challenges and limitations that they experience. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the applications of VR for older adults and to identify characteristics of older users that could impact the way they experience these advanced technologies. This review culminates in design recommendations for increasing the likelihood that the immersiveness of the VR system has its intended effect on the experience of virtual presence for older adults.
Capitalizing on Appraisal Processes to Improve Affective Responses to Social Stress
Authors: Jamieson Jeremy P. , Hangen Emily J. , Lee Hae Yeon , Yeager David S.
Published: October 2017

Regulating affective responses to acute stress has the potential to improve health, performance, and well-being outcomes. Using the biopsychosocial (BPS) model of challenge and threat as an organizing framework, we review how appraisals inform affective responses and highlight research that demonstrates how appraisals can be used as regulatory tools. Arousal reappraisal, specifically, instructs individuals on the adaptive benefits of stress arousal so that arousal is conceptualized as a coping resource. By reframing the meaning of signs of arousal that accompany stress (e.g., racing heart), it is possible to break the link between stressful situations, and malignant physiological responses and experiences of negative affect. Applications of arousal reappraisal for academic contexts and clinical science, and directions for future research are discussed.
Psychological Well-Being and Physical Health: Associations, Mechanisms, and Future Directions
Authors: Hernandez Rosalba , Bassett Sarah M. , Boughton Seth W. , Schuette Stephanie A. , Shiu Eva W. , Moskowitz Judith T.
Published: October 2017

A paradigm shift in public health and medicine has broadened the field from a singular focus on the ill effects of negative states and psychopathology to an expanded view that examines protective psychological assets that may promote improved physical health and longevity. We summarize recent evidence of the link between psychological well-being (including positive affect, optimism, life meaning and purpose, and life satisfaction) and physical health, with particular attention to outcomes of mortality and chronic disease incidence and progression. Within this evolving discipline there remain controversies and lessons to be learned. We discuss measurement-related challenges, concerns about the quality of the evidence, and other shortcomings in the field, along with a brief discussion of hypothesized biobehavioral mechanisms involved. Finally, we suggest next steps to move the field forward.
Anger and Its Cousins
Authors: Miceli Maria , Castelfranchi Cristiano
Published: October 2017

The widespread assumption that anger is a response to wrongdoing and motivates people to sanction it, as well as the lack of distinction between resentment and indignation, obscure notable differences among these three emotions in terms of their specific beliefs, goals, and action tendencies, their nonmoral or moral character, and the kinds of moral claim implied. We provide a cognitive-motivational analysis of anger, resentment, and indignation, showing that, while sharing a common core, they are distinguishable from one another because they comprise nonoverlapping belief–goal compounds. We also emphasize the usefulness of applying a belief–goal analysis to kin emotions because, by comparison, one can sharpen the analysis and identify the distinctive features of each of them.
Affective Arrangements
Authors: Slaby Jan , Mühlhoff Rainer , Wüschner Philipp
Published: October 2017

We introduce the working concept of “affective arrangement.” This concept is the centerpiece of a perspective on situated affectivity that emphasizes relationality, dynamics, and performativity. Our proposal relates to work in cultural studies and continental philosophy in the Spinoza–Deleuze lineage, yet it is equally geared to the terms of recent work in the philosophy of emotion. Our aim is to devise a framework that can help flesh out how affectivity unfolds dynamically in a relational setting by which it is at the same time modulated in recurring ways. With this orientation, this article contributes to the interdisciplinary study of situated affectivity and to the theoretical and conceptual unification of distinct strands of research from several disciplines.
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: McAllister Victoria
Published: October 2017

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a potentially life-threatening condition that affects people with diabetes mellitus. It typically affects people with type 1 diabetes and can be a first presentation for people not yet diagnosed. It can also affect people with type 2 diabetes, although this is much more uncommon. This article aims to increase understanding of a condition where prompt recognition and rapid management by GPs is essential in preventing morbidity and mortality.
Down-Time During Work-Time
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Restum Adnan , McKelvey George
Published: October 2017

An idle body can harbor an idle mind that often brews something appalling in emptiness. Refreshing one’s mind during Down-Time (Me-Time) with “harmless” activities is a must whether at home or at the workplace.
Policy entrepreneurship in climate governance: Toward a comparative approach
Authors: Green Jessica F
Published: October 2017

This paper draws out lessons from the special issue, laying out elements of research agenda on climate policy entrepreneurship. First, I offer an expanded definition of entrepreneurship, which distinguishes between the entrepreneurs themselves and the strategies they employ. Further refinements of the concept of entrepreneurship should specify other relevant dimensions of variation, such as the desired outcome, and the expected time frame in which it is to be achieved. I then present a simple causal model of entrepreneurship to facilitate future comparative research. Based on the papers in the special issue, I derive several testable hypotheses for future research. Finally, I argue that we must also consider the “expansive effects” of policy entrepreneurs: the extent to which their actions lead to changes beyond those intended. I offer some approaches to begin to study these broader effects.
Pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism and risk of occult cancer
Authors: Hansen Anette Tarp , Veres Katalin , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Ehrenstein Vera , Prandoni Paolo , Sørensen Henrik Toft
Published: October 2017

Key Points

The cancer risk during the first year after a pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism episode is higher than expected. An aggressive search for cancer in women with pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism is probably not warranted, due to low absolute risk.
Management and long-term outcomes of sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Boucly Athénaïs , Cottin Vincent , Nunes Hilario , Jaïs Xavier , Tazi Abdelatif , Prévôt Grégoire , Reynaud-Gaubert Martine , Dromer Claire , Viacroze Catherine , Horeau-Langlard Delphine , Pison Christophe , Bergot Emmanuel , Traclet Julie , Weatherald Jason , Simonneau Gérald , Valeyre Dominique , Montani David , Humbert Marc , Sitbon Olivier , Savale Laurent
Published: October 2017

Studies reporting the effects of modern strategies with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-targeted therapies in sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension (S-APH) are limited.

Clinical and haemodynamic data from newly diagnosed patients with severe S-APH (mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >35 mmHg or mPAP 25–35 mmHg with cardiac index <2.5 L·min−1·m−2) were collected from the French Pulmonary Hypertension Registry between 2004 and 2015.

Data from 126 patients with severe S-APH were analysed (mean±sdage 57.5±11.6 years, 74% radiological stage IV). 97 patients (77%) received PAH-targeted therapy and immunosuppressive therapy was initiated or escalated in 33 patients at the time of pulmonary hypertension diagnosis. Four months after PAH-targeted therapy initiation, mean±sdpulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 9.7±4.4 to 6.9±3.0 Wood units (p<0.001), without significant improvement in exercise capacity. Among the 11 patients treated only with immunosuppressive therapy, a haemodynamic improvement was observed in four patients, including two with compressive lymph nodes. After a median follow-up of 28 months, 39 patients needed PAH-targeted therapy escalation, nine underwent lung transplantation and 42 had died. Survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 93%, 74% and 55%, respectively.

PAH-targeted therapy improved short-term pulmonary haemodynamics in severe S-APH without change in exercise capacity. Immunosuppressive therapy improved haemodynamics in selected patients. Pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis remains associated with a poor prognosis.
The US Opioid Crisis: Current Federal and State Legal Issues
Authors: Soelberg Cobin D. , Brown Raeford E. , Du Vivier Derick , Meyer John E. , Ramachandran Banu K.
Published: October 2017

The United States is in the midst of a devastating opioid misuse epidemic leading to over 33,000 deaths per year from both prescription and illegal opioids. Roughly half of these deaths are attributable to prescription opioids. Federal and state governments have only recently begun to grasp the magnitude of this public health crisis. In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released their Guidelines for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain. While not comprehensive in scope, these guidelines attempt to control and regulate opioid prescribing. Other federal agencies involved with the federal regulatory effort include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), and the Department of Justice. Each federal agency has a unique role in helping to stem the burgeoning opioid misuse epidemic. The DEA, working with the Department of Justice, has enforcement power to prosecute pill mills and physicians for illegal prescribing. The DEA could also implement use of prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), currently administered at the state level, and use of electronic prescribing for schedule II and III medications. The FDA has authority to approve new and safer formulations of immediate- and long-acting opioid medications. More importantly, the FDA can also ask pharmaceutical companies to cease manufacturing a drug. Additionally, state agencies play a critical role in reducing overdose deaths, protecting the public safety, and promoting the medically appropriate treatment of pain. One of the states’ primary roles is the regulation of practice of medicine and the insurance industry within their borders. Utilizing this authority, states can both educate physicians about the dangers of opioids and make physician licensure dependent on registering and using PDMPs when prescribing controlled substances. Almost every state has implemented a PDMP to some degree; however, in addition to mandating their use, increased interstate sharing of prescription information would greatly improve PDMPs’ effectiveness. Further, states have the flexibility to promote innovative interventions to reduce harm such as legislation allowing naloxone access without a prescription. While relatively new, these types of laws have allowed first responders, patients, and families access to a lifesaving drug. Finally, states are at the forefront of litigation against pharmaceutical manufacturers. This approach is described as analogous to the initial steps in fighting tobacco companies. In addition to fighting for dollars to support drug treatment programs and education efforts, states are pursuing these lawsuits as a means of holding pharmaceutical companies accountable for misleading marketing of a dangerous product.
Chronic Opioid Use After Surgery: Implications for Perioperative Management in the Face of the Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Hah Jennifer M. , Bateman Brian T. , Ratliff John , Curtin Catherine , Sun Eric
Published: October 2017

Physicians, policymakers, and researchers are increasingly focused on finding ways to decrease opioid use and overdose in the United States both of which have sharply increased over the past decade. While many efforts are focused on the management of chronic pain, the use of opioids in surgical patients presents a particularly challenging problem requiring clinicians to balance 2 competing interests: managing acute pain in the immediate postoperative period and minimizing the risks of persistent opioid use after the surgery. Finding ways to minimize this risk is particularly salient in light of a growing literature suggesting that postsurgical patients are at increased risk for chronic opioid use. The perioperative care team, including surgeons and anesthesiologists, is poised to develop clinical- and systems-based interventions aimed at providing pain relief in the immediate postoperative period while also reducing the risks of opioid use longer term. In this paper, we discuss the consequences of chronic opioid use after surgery and present an analysis of the extent to which surgery has been associated with chronic opioid use. We follow with a discussion of the risk factors that are associated with chronic opioid use after surgery and proceed with an analysis of the extent to which opioid-sparing perioperative interventions (eg, nerve blockade) have been shown to reduce the risk of chronic opioid use after surgery. We then conclude with a discussion of future research directions.
Risk Management for Opioid Prescribing in the Treatment of Patients With Pain From Cancer or Terminal Illness: Inadvertent Oversight or Taboo?
Authors: Copenhaver David J. , Karvelas Nicolas B. , Fishman Scott M.
Published: October 2017

As the United States experiences an epidemic of prescription drug abuse, and guidelines on safe practices in prescribing opioids in chronic pain have subsequently emerged from professional organizations and governmental agencies, limited guidance exists for prescribers of opioids to treat pain in patients with cancer or terminal illness. Patients with active cancer or terminal illness often have pain and are frequently prescribed opioids and other controlled substances. Current studies suggest that patients with cancer have similar rates of risk for misuse, abuse, and addiction as the general public. Moreover, palliative care and hospice programs appear poorly prepared for assessing or managing patients with aberrant behaviors or evidence of drug abuse. Further research and professional consensus are needed to help address the challenges associated with misuse, abuse, and addiction in patients with cancer and terminal illness.
Strong association between corticosterone and temperature dependent metabolic rate in individual zebra finches
Authors: Jimeno Blanca , Hau Michaela , Verhulst Simon
Published: October 2017

Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) are often assumed to be indicators of stress. At the same time, one of their fundamental roles is to facilitate metabolic processes to accommodate changes in energetic demands. While the metabolic function of GCs is thought to be ubiquitous across vertebrates, we are not aware of experiments which tested this directly, i.e., in which metabolic rate was manipulated and measured together with GCs. We therefore tested for a relationship between plasma corticosterone (CORT, ln transformed) and metabolic rate (MR, measured using indirect calorimetry) in a between- and within-individual design in captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) of both sexes. In each individual, CORT and MR were measured at two different temperature levels: ‘warm’ (22°C) and ‘cold’ (12 °C). CORT and MR were both increased in colder compared to warmer conditions, within individuals, but also across individuals. At the between-individual level, we found a positive relationship between CORT and MR, with an accelerating slope towards higher MR and CORT values. In contrast, the within individual changes in CORT and MR in response to colder conditions were linearly correlated between individuals. The CORT-MR relationship did not differ between the sexes. Our results illustrate the importance of including variation at different levels to better understand physiological modulation. Furthermore, our findings support the interpretation of CORT variation as indicator of metabolic needs.
Optimal cutoff for the evaluation of insulin resistance through triglyceride-glucose index: A cross-sectional study in a Venezuelan population
Authors: Salazar Juan , Bermúdez Valmore , Calvo María , Olivar Luis Carlos , Luzardo Eliana , Navarro Carla , Mencia Heysa , Martínez María , Rivas-Ríos José , Wilches-Durán Sandra , Cerda Marcos , Graterol Modesto , Graterol Rosemily , Garicano Carlos , Hernández Juan , Rojas Joselyn
Published: October 2017

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) evaluation is a fundamental goal in clinical and epidemiological research. However, the most widely used methods are difficult to apply to populations with low incomes. The triglyceride-glucose index (TGI) emerges as an alternative to use in daily clinical practice. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine an optimal cutoff point for the TGI in an adult population from Maracaibo, Venezuela.

Methods: This is a sub-study of Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study, a descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. For this analysis, 2004 individuals of both genders ≥18 years old with basal insulin determination and triglycerides < 500 mg/dl were evaluated.. A reference population was selected according to clinical and metabolic criteria to plot ROC Curves specific for gender and age groups to determine the optimal cutoff point according to sensitivity and specificity.The TGI was calculated according to the equation: ln [Fasting triglyceride (mg / dl) x Fasting glucose (mg / dl)] / 2.

Results: The TGI in the general population was 4.6±0.3 (male: 4.66±0.34 vs. female: 4.56±0.33, p=8.93x10-10). The optimal cutoff point was 4.49, with a sensitivity of 82.6% and specificity of 82.1% (AUC=0.889, 95% CI: 0.854-0.924). There were no significant differences in the predictive capacity of the index when evaluated according to gender and age groups. Those individuals with TGI≥4.5 had higher HOMA2-IR averages than those with TGI <4.5 (2.48 vs 1.74, respectively, p<0.001).

Conclusions: The TGI is a measure of interest to identify IR in the general population. We propose a single cutoff point of 4.5 to classify individuals with IR. Future studies should evaluate the predictive capacity of this index to determine atypical metabolic phenotypes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and even cardiovascular risk in our population.
Evaluation of predicted Medfly (Ceratitis capitata) quarantine length in the United States utilizing degree-day and agent-based models
Authors: Collier Travis , Manoukis Nicholas
Published: October 2017

Invasions by pest insects pose a significant threat to agriculture worldwide. In the case ofCeratitis capitataincursions on the US mainland, where it is not officially established, repeated detections are followed by quarantines and treatments to eliminate the invading population. However, it is difficult to accurately set quarantine duration because non-detection may not mean the pest is eliminated. Most programs extend quarantine lengths past the last fly detection by calculating the amount of time required for 3 generations to elapse under a thermal unit accumulation development model (“degree day”). A newer approach is to use an Agent-Based Simulation (ABS) to explicitly simulate population demographics and elimination. Here, predicted quarantine lengths for 11 sites in the continental United States are evaluated using both approaches. Results indicate a strong seasonality in quarantine length, with longer predictions in the second half of the year compared with the first; this pattern is more extreme in degree day predictions compared with ABS. Geographically, quarantine lengths increased with latitude, though this was less pronounced under the ABS. Variation in quarantine lengths for particular times and places was dramatically larger for degree day than ABS, generally spiking in the middle of the year for degree day and peaking in second half of the year for ABS. Analysis of 34C. capitataquarantines from 1975 to 2017 in California shows that, for all but two, quarantines were started in the second half of the year, when degree day quarantine lengths are longest and have the highest uncertainty. For a set of hypothetical outbreaks based on these historical quarantines, the ABS produced significantly shorter quarantines than degree day calculations. Overall, ABS quarantine lengths were more consistent than degree day predictions, avoided unrealistically long values, and captured effects of rare events such as cold snaps.
Educação Básica na América Latina: uma análise dos últimos dez anos a partir dos dados do programa internacional de avaliação de estudantes (PISA)
Authors: Dias Bruno Francisco Batista , Mariano Sandra Regina Holanda , Cunha Robson Moreira
Published: October 2017

A Diretoria de Educação da OCDE formulou, em 1997, o   Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Alunos (Programme for International Student Assessment – PISA), com o objetivo de contribuir para a elevação do capital humano dos países, definido pelas “habilidades de conhecimento, competências e atributos incorporados em indivíduos que facilitem a criação de bem-estar pessoal, social e econômico". Os resultados dos páises da America Latina nesse exame apresenta resultados proximos a de países de extrema pobreza, como os do Norte da Áfrical, sendo baixo nível de desempenho dos estudantes dessa região fatores determinantes para crescimentos econômicos inferiores aos demais países do mundo nas últimas quatro décadas. Diante dessa problematica, este estudo se propõe a conhecer a realidade da educação pública básica dos sete países da américa latina que participam do PISA na última década, compara-la com os resultados obtidos no exame, e identificar possíveis fatores que se relacionam, tanto com o baixo, quanto ao alto desempenho observados em algumas dessas regiões. Sendo o foco deste artigo  prover informações que permita comparar a realidade da educação dessas nações.
Competitive Price Targeting with Smartphone Coupons
Authors: Dubé Jean-Pierre , Fang Zheng , Fong Nathan , Luo Xueming
Published: October 2017

With the cooperation of a large mobile service provider, we conduct a novel field experiment that simultaneously randomizes the prices of two competing movie theaters using mobile coupons. Unlike studies that vary only one firm’s prices, our experiment allows us to account for competitor response. We test mobile targeting based on consumers’ real-time and historic locations, allowing us to evaluate popular mobile coupon strategies in a competitive market. The experiment reveals substantial profit gains from mobile discounts during an off-peak period. Both firms could create incremental profits by targeting their competitor’s location. However, the returns to such “geoconquesting” are reduced when the competitor also launches its own targeting campaign. We combine our experimentally generated data with a demand model to analyze optimal pricing in a static Bertrand–Nash equilibrium. Interestingly, competitive responses raise the profitability of behavioral targeting where symmetric pricing incentives soften price competition. By contrast, competitive responses lower the profitability of geographic targeting, where asymmetric pricing incentives toughen price competition. If we endogenize targeting choice, both firms would choose behavioral targeting in equilibrium, even though more granular geobehavioral targeting combining both real-time and historic locations is possible. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering competitor response when piloting novel price-targeting mechanisms.

Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1042 .
Hormonal Contraceptives Do Not Impact Economic Preferences: Evidence from a Randomized Trial
Authors: Ranehill Eva , Zethraeus Niklas , Blomberg Liselott , von Schoultz Bo , Hirschberg Angelica Lindén , Johannesson Magnus , Dreber Anna
Published: October 2017

A growing body of correlational studies suggests that sex hormones such as those contained in, or affected by, oral contraceptives (OCs) may impact economic behavior. However, despite widespread use of OCs among women in Western countries, little is known about their potential behavioral effects. The present study investigates whether OCs causally influence economic preferences. We randomly allocate 340 women aged 18–35 to three months of a widely used OC or placebo treatment. At the end of treatment, we conduct an economic experiment measuring altruism, financial risk taking, and willingness to compete. The statistical power is 80% to detect an effect size equal to a Cohen’s d of 0.30 at the 5% level. We find no significant effects of OCs on any of the measured preferences, indicating that this widely used OC treatment, commonly used throughout the world, does not significantly affect the measured economic preferences. Further, we find no relation between menstrual cycle phase and economic preferences in the placebo group.

Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2844 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Robust Postdonation Blood Screening Under Prevalence Rate Uncertainty
Authors: El-Amine Hadi , Bish Ebru K. , Bish Douglas R.
Published: October 2017

Blood products are essential components of any healthcare system, and their safety, in terms of being free of transfusion-transmittable infections, is crucial. While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States requires all blood donations to be tested for certain infection types, it does not dictate which particular tests should be used by blood centers. Multiple FDA-licensed blood screening tests are available for each infection type, and screening tests are imperfectly reliable and have different costs. In addition, infection prevalence rates within the donor population are uncertain for both emerging and established infection types. In this setting, the budget-constrained blood center’s objective is to devise a “robust” postdonation bloodscreening scheme that minimizes the risk of an infectious donation being released into the blood supply. Toward this goal, we study the minimization of the transfusion-transmittable infection risk considering regret- and expectation-based objectives, and we characterize structural properties of their optimal solutions. This allows us to gain insight, derive the price of robustness, and develop efficient algorithms. The proposed robust solution lowers the expected infection risk over various FDA-compliant testing schemes as well as the expectation-based scheme under forecast error. These findings have important public policy implications.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1658 .
Identifying epilepsy
Authors: Miller Hilda
Published: October 2017

How can a key person address a mother's concerns that her three-year-old daughter might have epilepsy? Senior SENCO Hilda Miller explains the condition and outlines a sensible course of action for the setting to follow.
Celebrating success!
Authors: Brodie Kathy
Published: October 2017

Guest speaker Kathy Brodie praised the imaginative scope and variety of this year's winners. Their resources highlight how versatility is key to enriching children's play and learning experiences, says Karen Faux.
Wild in the woods
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: October 2017

Alfie in the woods is a magical book that will support children's knowledge of the natural world in autumn, helping them to build vocabulary and stories that fit with this colourful season.
Protein Turnover Measurements in Human Serum by Serial Immunoaffinity LC-MS/MS
Authors: Farrokhi Vahid , Chen Xiaoying , Neubert Hendrik
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

The half-life of target proteins is frequently an important parameter in mechanistic pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling of biotherapeutics. Clinical studies for accurate measurement of physiologically relevant protein turnover can reduce the uncertainty in PK/PD model-based predictions, for example, of the therapeutic dose and dosing regimen in first-in-human clinical trials.

METHODS

We used a targeted mass spectrometry work flow based on serial immunoaffinity enrichment ofmultiple human serum proteins from a [5,5,5-2H3]-L-leucine tracer pulse-chase study in healthy volunteers. To confirm the reproducibility of turnover measurements from serial immunoaffinity enrichment, multiple aliquots from the same sample set were subjected to protein turnover analysis in varying order. Tracer incorporation was measured by multiple–reaction-monitoring mass spectrometry and target turnover was calculated using a four-compartment pharmacokinetic model.

RESULTS

Five proteins of clinical or therapeutic relevance including soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, soluble interleukin 1 receptor like 1, soluble mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1, and muscle-specific creatine kinase were sequentially subjected to turnover analysis from the same human serum sample. Calculated half-lives ranged from 5–15 h; however, no tracer incorporation was observed for mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1.

CONCLUSIONS

The utility of clinical pulse-chase studies to investigate protein turnover can be extended by serial immunoaffinity enrichment of target proteins. Turnover analysis from serum and subsequently from remaining supernatants provided analytical sensitivity and reproducibility for multiple human target proteins in the same sample set, irrespective of the order of analysis.
The Effect of Audit Opinion, Financial Distress, Client Size, Management Turn and KAP Size on Auditor Switching
Authors: Darmayanti Novi
Published: October 2017

The issue of Auditor Independence, the most frequently, makes the debate of auditor rotation. This auditor rotation is related to the company activity for doing auditor switching. Some previous studies showed that switching auditors leads to the various result and it needs to hold rediscovery and to verify the theory of auditor switching. The study Aimed to test empirically the Â auditor opinion, financial distress, the client company size, management turnover, and KAP size toward auditor switching onÂ  manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2010 until 2014. The study is an explanatory quantitative research with purposive sampling technique for the collection of data. The 39 manufacturing companies used as a sample. The study used SPSS Application with 18 version and regression logistics to test the hypothesis because the independent variable is the combination between metric and non-metric. The result of the study Showed that the independent variable has an effect on auditor switching and auditorâ€™s opinion. Financial distress, the client company size, management turnover and the firm size do not affect the auditor switching.Â
Governance in Indonesia Banking Industries as an Effort to Improve their National Competitiveness
Authors: Herlina Erida
Published: October 2017

The bankâ€™s transparency of their financial performance has been demanded by the public so that the banks have to demonstrate their products and activities. The banksâ€™ health level assessment, currently being enacted by Bank Indonesia is a risk approach that includes Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earning, and Capital (RGEC). The more Good Corporate Governance (GCG) assessment is geared today for the banks to strengthen their competitive position and increase investor confidence. This study is directed to test the accounting conservatism towards GCG as well as the consequence of GCG on the financial performance, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and information asymmetry. This study used financial data published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008-2015 and 152 samples were taken from 19 banks data and tested using simple regression. The results show that Good Corporate Governance has an impact on financial performance, Corporate Social Responsibility, and information asymmetry. The better governance carried out by the banking system will have an impact on their competitiveness in an effort to increase public confidence to invest their funds.
Neglecting democracy in education policy: A-F school report card accountability systems
Authors: Murray Kevin , Howe Kenneth R.
Published: October 2017

Sixteen states have adopted school report card accountability systems that assign A-F letter grades to schools. Other states are now engaged in deliberation about whether they, too, should adopt such systems. This paper examines A-F accountability systems with respect to three kinds of validity. First, it examines whether or not these accountability systems are valid as a measure, that is, do these systems validly measure school quality? Second, it examines whether or not they are valid as a policy instrument. or, how far do A-F accountability systems fulfill the stated aims of their proponents—empowering parents, providing “simple” and “common sense” measures of educational quality, and so on? Finally, it examines whether or not A-F systems are valid as a democratic framework:, how well do these systems align with the broader goals of educating students for democratic citizenship and of incorporating parents and community members in democratic deliberation about policies for their public schools? The paper concludes that A-F accountability systems are invalid along each of these lines, and provides recommendations for democratically developing and implementing criteria for school assessment.
APLIKASI GEOSPASIAL ANALISIS UNTUK PENENTUAN ZONA IMBUHAN AIRTANAH DI CAT WONOSOBO, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Putranto Thomas Triadi , Hidajat Wahju Krishna , Wardhani Annita Kusuma
Published: October 2017

Groundwater is the valuable resources for supplying daily necessity of human’s life that is going to increase in line with the increasing number of population. Therefore, groundwater needs to be well managed. Groundwater management can be done thoroughly within a groundwater basin for defining groundwater recharge zone. The groundwater recharge zone was conducted by applying geospatial analysis using weighted and scoring approach. This method was accomplished by overlaying the score of some parameters (hydraulic conductivity, precipitation, soil cover, slope, and groundwater depth of water table) using ArcGIS 10.3 software. The parameters were permeability of rocks, rainfall, soil type, slope and depth of superficial groundwater level. The result of geospatial analysis can be divided into two zones which are groundwater recharge zone and groundwater discharge zone.
PERSEPSI DAN PARTISIPASI STAKEHOLDER DALAM PENYUSUNAN RENCANA ZONASI WILAYAH PESISIR DI KABUPATEN JEPARA (STUDI KASUS: DESA BANDENGAN KECAMATAN JEPARA)
Authors: Rahmawati Pratiwi , Mussadun M
Published: October 2017

This study aims to assess the perceptions and participation of stakeholders in the preparation of the coastal areas zoning plan, with the goal of the research are: 1) Identify the different stages of the coastal areas zoning plan; 2) Identify coastal stakeholders; 3) To analyze the perceptions and participation of stakeholders in the preparation of the coastal areas zoning plan. The method in this research that use qualitative with in-depth interviews and observation. Sampling and analysis techniques using snowball sampling and interactive analysis by Miles and Huberman (1992). The results showed that the different stages of the coastal region zoning plan of Jepara changed to suit the latest regulations  Permen KP No. 23 Year 2016 concerning the planning management of coastal areas and small islands. Coastal stakeholders related to drafting a coastal region zoning plan of Jepara divided into three groups: the main stakeholder, stakeholder support, and key stakeholders. Perception and participation of major stakeholders based on the frequency of attendance, activity level, and the level of understanding can be categorized as "low". Instead, key stakeholders have the perception and participation based on the frequency of attendance, activity level, and the level of understanding that is categorized as "high." By contrast, supporters stakeholders have the perception and participation based on the frequency of attendance and the level of activity which is categorized as "high," but the level of understanding that is categorized as "medium."
ANALISIS KOMODITAS UNGGULAN DAN ARAHAN RENCANA PENGEMBANGANNYA DI KOTA PAGAR ALAM,PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Zamhari Ahmad , Sitorus Santun R.P. , Pravitasari Andrea Emma
Published: October 2017

The Development of competitive commodities in a region are expected to improve added value of the commodities, to increase society income and to improve regional economic conditions. This study was conducted (1) to analyse competitive commodities of agriculture in each district, (2) to analyse potential land for competitive commodities development (3) to analyse regional hierarchies (4) to formulate  direction of competitive commodities development plan. The competitive commodities were obtained using Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis (SSA). Analysis potential land for competitive commodities  development was analysed using land availability and suitability and geographical information system. Regional hierarchy was analysed using schalogram method. Competitive commodities  development direction considered based on potential land, regional hierarcy, compactness of land and local government policy. The results showed that competitive commodities in every district were coffee robusta, rice farming and cabbage. The direction development of coffee was given priority in South Dempo district area of 2,824.26 ha. Rice farming was given priority in Central Dempo district area of 1,496.13 ha. Meanwhile, development of cabbage is not available.
THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND RURAL SELF-SUFFIENCY IN BOGOR DISTRICT, WEST JAVA PROVINCE
Authors: Budiarto Tri , Rustiadi Ernan , Dharmawan Arya Hadi
Published: October 2017

This study aimed at map rural typologies based on the status of development and self-sufficiency of the rurals. Status of rural development was built with 11 indicators and status self-sufficient was built with six indicators. The study used secondary data from BPS, wich was PODES  2014 in 434 villages at Bogor district. Primary data was used to support the analysis results with field observations taken at four village representatives typology. The results showed that 187  villages were categorized as developed rurals and 247 villages as undeveloped rurals. Based on self-sufficient status, there were 78 villages categorized as self-sufficient rurals and 356 villages as unself-sufficient rurals. Based on the status of development and self-sufficient, three villages were categorized as typology I (developed and self-suffient rurals), 184 villages were typology II (developed and unself-suffient rurals), 172 villages were typology III (undeveloped and unself-sufficient rurals), and 75 villages were typology IV (undeveloped and self-sufficient rurals). Spearman correlation value was -0.371, there was an inverse relationship between the development status and self-sufficiency status of the rural
Algae as Source of Natural Flavour Enhancers - A Mini Review
Authors: Sen Sarkar Neera , Choudhury Srijonee
Published: October 2017

Algae are popular sources of food, fodder, feed, fuel, fertilizers, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, and other co-products. The reason for preferring algae as source of a wide array of commercial products is that provisions for algal biomass production for application in different fields are long-term, pro-environmental and sustainable. This is related to the numerous varieties of ways and places in which algae can grow naturally or can be cultivated for commercialization. The fact that different species of algae have traditionally been used as preferred food or delicacy throughout the world speaks volumes about the taste attributes of edible algae. However, the use of algae or its derivatives as taste or flavour enhancers has not been explored enough, though sporadic works and reports can be found worldwide. This review attempts to scout the role of algae in imparting flavours in various cuisines made from algae or algae derived products. Also a number of fish and marine organisms have been reported to have flavours which are considered to contain flavour-enhancing compounds derived from algae, with uniqueness in such tastes been attributed to algae. Contrary to this, few algae have also been reported to impart “off-flavour” in some marine organisms. The present review brings together all such available reports to open avenues in bio-prospecting algae for extracting natural flavour enhancing products to enhance flavours of food items deficit in these appetite-stimulating flavours. Further, this review could stimulate research on “off-flavour” producing algae to remove distaste or toxicity imparting compounds by modification of biochemical pathways.
The Numerical Modeling of Thermal Stress Distribution in Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Jasik A.
Published: October 2017

The paper presents the results of numerical calculations of temperature and thermal stress distribution in thermal barrier coatings deposited by thermal spraying process on the nickel based superalloy. An assumption was made to apply conventional zirconium oxide modified with yttrium oxide (8YSZ) and apply pyrochlore type material with formula La2Zr2O7. The bond coat was made of NiCoCrAlY. Analysis of the distribution of temperature and stresses in ceramic coatings of different thicknesses was performed in the function of bond-coat thickness and the type of ceramic insulation layer. It was revealed that the thickness of NiCrAlY bond-coat has not significant influence on the stress distribution, but there is relatively strong effect on temperature level. The most important factor influenced on stress distribution in TBC system is related with type and properties of ceramic insulation layer.