bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of D-amino acids in vinegars and involvement of lactic acid bacteria in the production of D-amino acids
Authors: Mutaguchi Yuta , Ohmori Taketo , Akano Hirofumi , Doi Katsumi , Ohshima Toshihisa
Published: December 2013

Levels of free D-amino acids were compared in 11 vinegars produced from different sources or through different manufacturing processes. To analyze the D- and L-amino acids, the enantiomers were initially converted into diastereomers using pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde plus N-acethyl-L-cysteine or N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-cysteine. This was followed by separation of the resultant fluorescent isoindol derivatives on an octadecylsilyl stationary phase using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The analyses showed that the total D-amino acid level in lactic fermented tomato vinegar was very high. Furthermore, analysis of the amino acids in tomato juice samples collected after alcoholic, lactic and acetic fermentation during the production of lactic fermented tomato vinegar showed clearly that lactic fermentation is responsible for the D-amino acids production; marked increases in D-amino acids were seen during lactic fermentation, but not during alcoholic or acetic fermentation. This suggests lactic acid bacteria have a greater ability to produce D-amino acids than yeast or acetic acid bacteria.
Development of an Illumina-based ChIP-exonuclease method provides insight into FoxA1-DNA binding properties
Authors: Serandour Aurelien A , Brown Gordon D , Cohen Joshua D , Carroll Jason S
Published: December 2013

ChIP-exonuclease (ChIP-exo) is a modified ChIP-seq approach for high resolution mapping of transcription factor DNA sites. We describe an Illumina-based ChIP-exo method which provides a global improvement of the data quality of estrogen receptor (ER) ChIP and insights into the motif structure for key ER-associated factors. ChIP-exo of the ER pioneer factor FoxA1 identifies protected DNA with a predictable 8 bp overhang from the Forkhead motif, which we term mesas. We show that mesas occur in multiple cellular contexts and exist as single or overlapping motifs. Our Illumina-based ChIP-exo provides high resolution mapping of transcription factor binding sites.
The Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions for Congested Ketones Catalyzed by Solid Acid of Tin(IV) Ion-exchanged Montmorillonite
Authors: Takehira Satoshi , Masui Yoichi , Onaka Makoto
Published: December 2013

Tin(IV) ion-exchanged montmorillonite (Sn-Mont) was found to be an excellent solid acid catalyst for the Mukaiyama aldol reactions of congested ketones with silicon enolates from ketones as well as esters. It was disclosed that Sn-Mont was far more active than other metal ion- or proton-exchanged montmorillonites and typical homogeneous acid catalysts such as TMSOTf and BF3·OEt2.
Design of Quenching Peptide Probes Incorporating Tryptophan for Rapid IgG Detection
Authors: Sugita Tomoya , Okochi Mina , Honda Hiroyuki
Published: December 2013

We proposed a protein detection system using two peptides; molecular recognition peptide and quenching peptide incorporating tryptophan. IgG was used as the model protein and the Atto655-labeled NKFRGKYK was selected as the probe for recognition of IgG. The quenching peptide, WWWG-DIAVEWES, was newly designed using a peptide array, and showed effective quenching of Atto655-labeled NKFRGKYK within 30 s. The quenching effect decreased in the presence of IgG, and IgG was detected above 10 nM.
Bisarylation of 1,1′,3,3′-Tetrahalo-2,2′-biazulene under Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-coupling Conditions
Authors: Nakae Takahiro , Kikuchi Takashi , Mori Shigeki , Okujima Tetsuo , Murafuji Toshihiro , Uno Hidemitsu
Published: December 2013

1,3-Bisarylated-2,2′-biazulene 1 and 1,1′-bisarylated-2,2′-biazulene 1′ were obtained by the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 1,1′,3,3′-tetrahalo-2,2′-biazulene 2 with 4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid (3b). The other two halogen atoms were reductively removed by hydrogenation under the same reaction conditions. The major regioisomer 1 was obtained with a selectivity of up to 94% (15:1) and a combined yield of 1 and 1′ of up to 77%.
Modeling enzootic raccoon rabies from land use patterns - Georgia (USA) 2006-2010
Authors: Duke John E. , Blanton Jesse D. , Ivey Melissa , Rupprecht Charles
Published: December 2013

We analyzed how land-use patterns and changes in urbanization influence reported rabid raccoons in Georgia from 2006 - 2010.  Using Geographical Information Systems and rabies surveillance data, multivariate analysis was conducted on 15 land-use variables that included natural topography, agricultural development, and urbanization to model positive raccoon rabies cases while controlling for potential raccoon submission bias associated with higher human population densities.  Low intensity residential development was positively associated with reported rabid raccoons while a negative association was found with evergreen forest.  Evergreen forests may offer a barrier effect where resources are low and raccoon populations are not supported.  Areas with pure stands of upland evergreen forest might be utilized in baiting strategies for oral rabies vaccination programs where fewer or no baits may be needed.  Their use as a barrier should be considered carefully in a cost-effective strategy for oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs to contain the western spread of this important zoonotic disease.
The Experience of Mass Communication Structural-Functional Model Building
Authors: Решетников  , Reshetnikov Sergey
Published: December 2013

The paper offers an ontological model of mass communication (MC), which

unites traditional structural-functional information approach and metaphorical simulation method. The selection of archetypical psychological structures, which can be laid in the basis of a representative communicative

model, is proved in this study. The model establishes the equality of communicator and recipient values in the communication process and the resulting structural symmetry of communication mental and activity cycles,

in particular, balances the communicative effect by the binding force of the

communicative order, that allows specify a meaning of "free press" term.

The model identifies six key positions for evaluation of MC system’s objective condition in society. Analysis of these positions is carried out in accordance with information flow distribution in the MC not on technological

characteristics (press, radio, TV, etc.), as it is done usually, but in accordance with K. Jung’s four psychological modes, that methodologically predetermined by ontological view on communication.
The Space Category in Opus of D. Glukhovsky “Metro 2033”: Lexical Aspect
Authors: Просвиркина  , Prosvirkina Irina , Колесова  , Kolesova E.
Published: December 2013

The paper is devoted to analysis of spatial lexical units in the novel of D.M.

Glukhovsky “Metro 2033”. The lexical units which reveal the space in the

text, in this case prosaic, have been classified and described by the authors.

The lexical and cultural analysis of spatial lexical units related to one novel

of literary project «Metro 2033» has been conducted in this study.
Epatage as a Way of Linguistic Manipulation in Modern Advertising Copies
Authors: Завадская  , Zavadskaya Anastasiya
Published: December 2013

Approaches of linguistic manipulation in ad copy are considered in this paper. Special attention is paid to such method as epatage. Analysis related

to lexical level of advertising copies has allowed to the author to conclude

that the epatage in advertising occurs due to the use of units of emotive and

occasional lexis as well as words with incompatible lexical values.
Criteria of efficiency of investment projects with discrete and continuous cash flows
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid , Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena
Published: December 2013

For an assessment of efficiency of investment projects use various criteria which decide on use of discounting of discrete cash flows. For an assessment of investments in the form of a portfolio of market financial instruments taking into account features of behavior of investors and risks the criterion of admissible losses is used. Criterion acceptable losses while limited in its application, despite the development of research in this area. It is used only at an assessment of investments in the form of a portfolio of market financial instruments. When evaluating the efficiency of investment projects using a model of the discounted discrete cash flow. It is offered to use criterion of admissible losses for an assessment of separate projects. It is offered to define it as the lower bound of a confidential interval of the net specified value: N = NPV – t(P) · s NPV, where NPV – a population mean of the net specified value; s – mean square deviation of the net specified value of the project; t(P) – coefficient of a confidential interval; P – confidential probability which is chosen by the investor – the person, making the decision. It is offered to select projects, the lower bound of the net which specified value is represented investors preferable. For the investment projects, generating continuous cash flows, it is offered to use integrated model of discounting of continuous streams. For determination of sizes of criterion of admissible losses of the projects generating discrete also cash flows are continuous, necessary settlement formulas are given. Application of the offered criterion of admissible losses of investment projects and programs will allow to consider reasonably preferences of the investor and to increase the accuracy of estimates of efficiency taking into account risk.
Prospects and efficiency of economic activity in modern Russia
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid , Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena
Published: December 2013

The demography of the organizations operating in national economy is

investigated. The indicator of growth of number of the organizations is entered.

It is established that growth rates of number of the organizations decrease. The

econometric forecast which shows prospects reduction of number of the

organizations and business in the country since 2014 accruing rates is executed.

The assessment of average cost of the capital in the country during 2005–2011

is received. Profitability of own capital on economic profit (EVA) of set of the

organizations on economy branches during 2005–2011 is calculated. It is

established that the majority of kinds of activity from the economic point of view

are unprofitable. After a world economic crisis efficiency of activity of the

organizations of the majority of branches increased only in 2010. In 2011 their

efficiency began to decrease again. It allows considering limited prospects of

development of economic activity and business in the country.
Approaches to assessing the quality of higher education
Authors: Савина  , Savina Irina
Published: December 2013

The article discusses approaches to assessing the quality of higher education.

Determination of assessing the nature of the dynamics of income for those with

higher education in Russia during the working life allows us to consider the

problem from a new angle. Creation of methods and methodologies for assessing

the quality of higher education by calculating its social and individual, customer

value.
ABOUT THE INTEGRATED CHARACTER OF VALUATING A QUALITY OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION AT A SECONDARY SCHOOL
Authors: ���������  , Safronova Elena
Published: December 2013

In the article it is considered the author�s methods of valuating a

quality of a patriotic education at a secondary school, which is expressed in

capturing of a patriotic activity experience. The structure of experience is a

unity of three components: emotional-sensory (experiences, feelings, emotions

about events, phenomena of patriotism); relational (relating to facts,

phenomena and events of patriotism); efficient-practical (forms of activities,

patriotic actions). Herewith the experience of patriotic expression as a social

sense is considered to be a component of schoolchild�s personal achievements

in educational process, that corresponds to its interpretation in Federal State

Educational Standards of secondary (full) general education. The quality of patriotic

education is measured with such diagnostics as �Program of Monitoring

Expressing Emotions and Feelings by a Teenager due to Events and Phenomena

of Patriotism�, �Methods of Valuating the Formation of the Patriotic Attitude

(on basis of valuating scale)�, �Methods of Graphic Testing�, integrated

methods �Monitoring the Character of Pedagogical Interaction between.

In the article there is also a meaning of the integrated approach as a methodological

reference point in projecting and valuating the process and the result

of patriotic education.
BUILDING THE UNIVERSAL EDUCATIONAL ACTIONS AT THE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE LESSONS
Authors: ���������  , Metlikina Lyudmila
Published: December 2013

After the 2nd-generation FGOS introduction the subject areas� contents, the purpose of training as well as methods and technologies of educational process organization have changed. New ways to build universal educational actions (UUD) at the Russian language lessons in the secondary schools are suggested. Until now this task has not been defined or considered to be a part in the goal-setting procedure in the sphere of education, which makes the author�s research particularly topical and innovative. The paper describes in detail how to build universal learning educational actions (cognitive, regulatory, communicative, personality) at the Russian language lessons. Methods, techniques and activities are suggested to help teachers build and maintain UUD based on the organizational potential of the lesson-planning procedure. Mastering UUD, the author concludes, provides students with the ability to successfully acquire new knowledge and develop new skills and competencies all by hemselves.
COMPETENCE-BASED MANAGEMENT AND ITS SPECIFICS I N PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF MASTER�S DEGREE STUDENTS IN HIGHER-EDUCATION PEDAGOGY
Authors: ����  , Drach I.
Published: December 2013

The specifics of competence-based management in training students for the Master�s Degree in higher education pedagogy are revealed. The author argues for the necessity to replace the qualification model of higher education establishment graduate with the competence model and emphasizes the need to develop sophisticated methods to manage the professional competence building of prospective high-school teachers. The competence-based management is defined and its specific characteristics are highlighted to confirm that it is a separate form of higher education institution�s management. The original model for managing the process of building professional competence in the high-school pedagogy is described with its main ingredients: methodological, substantive and organizational and technological. The author lists the regulatory, managerial and organizational-and-pedagogic conditions for effective model performance and describes how to implement the proposed model and to set up evaluative and analytical monitoring of the model performance.
METHOD OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEACHER
Authors: �����  , Kunash Marina , �������  , Mironov V.
Published: December 2013

In the article the problem of readiness of teacher from student�s cognitive competence development is considered. The authors substantiates the term of form cognitive competence. The special attention is given to the analysis of characteristic an educational space. Attention is focused on the problem of forming of teacher�s personality in the conditions of continuous education, from student�s cognitive competence development is considered. In the perspective of learning there is an increasing need for customized education and training. In a preceding case study, a process-focused demand-driven approach for organizing flexible educational programmers in higher professional education was developed. The authors offers his view at the role of selfeducation in the process of the personality, that is able and has great wish for self-realization. Methods of professional self-development of teacher are suggested. The adapted methodses �The self-appraisal level of forming teacher�s professional skill�, �The plan of teacher�s self-education�, �Graph of Gunnt�
Sazonalidade e Padrões Diários de Atividade de Machos de Euglossina (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apini) e Preferências por Fragrâncias Artificiais em um Remanescente de Brejo de Altitude na Paraíba
Authors: Farias Rodrigo Cesar Azevedo Pereira , Martins Celso Feitosa
Published: December 2013

Resumo. As abelhas Euglossina ocorrem exclusivamente na região neotropical, com cerca de 200 espécies descritas. Utilizando-se fragrâncias artificiais como iscas, é possível realizar levantamentos faunísticos e estudar diversos aspectos ecológicos do grupo. Com o intuito de contribuir ao conhecimento da biodiversidade dos brejos de altitude, no tocante às abelhas Euglossina, sete fragrâncias artificiais foram utilizadas como iscas em um remanescente na cidade de Areia, Paraíba, em distintos períodos climáticos. Foram coletados 2.981 machos pertencentes a 14 espécies de Euglossina. A abundância e a riqueza foram maiores no período de estiagem, havendo variação no horário de atividade de um período para o outro. De modo geral, no período chuvoso os machos foram mais ativos após as 11h e, no de estiagem, entre 8h e 11h. Euglossa carolina (Nemésio), Eulaema nigrita (Lepeletier) e Eulaema cingulata (Fabricius) foram as espécies mais abundantes nos dois períodos. Beta ionona foi a fragrância que atraiu o maior número de espécies e indivíduos.

Seasonality and Daily Activity Patterns of Euglossina males (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apini) and Preferences for Artificial Fragrances in a Montane Atlantic Forest Remnant, Paraíba

Abstract. Euglossina bees are distributed exclusively in the Neotropical Region, with around 200 species described. By the usage of artificial fragrances as baits, it is possible to accomplish faunistic inventories and study several ecological aspects of the group. To contribute to the knowledge of the biodiversity of a Montane Atlantic Forest remnant, concerning to Euglossina, seven fragrances were used as baits in different climatic periods. A total of 2,981 males belonging to 14 species of Euglossina were collected. Abundance and richness were higher in the dry period. Changes in the daily activity patterns were observed from a period to the other. Generally, in the rainy season the males were more active after 11am and in the dry season between 8am and 11am. Euglossa carolina (Nemésio), Eulaema nigrita (Lepeletier) and Eulaema cingulata (Fabricius) were the most abundant species on both periods. Ionone beta was the fragrance which attracted more species and specimens.
Lutzomyia wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) em Fragmento de Mata Atlântica do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Gomes Pinheiro Marcos Paulo , Tavares da Silva José Hilário , Da Escóssia Pegado Silva Vanessa , De Andrade Maria Jaqueline Monte , Freire de Melo Ximenes Maria de Fátima
Published: December 2013

Leishmaniasis can affect humans and animals in visceral or cutaneous forms. The cutaneous form has been associated, among other species, with Lutzomyia wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson, initially found in the Amazon region. The present study is based on monthly collections from January to December in an Atlantic Forest remnant and a peridomestic environment, using CDC light traps. This is the first systematized study of the specie in Rio Grande do Norte State. The insects were metalized under carbon tape, visualized and photographed with a scanning electron microscope. The most abundant species in the forest area was Lutzomyia walkeri Newstead followed by L. wellcomei. Of the total captured in the forest and the peridomestic environment, around 8% were L. wellcomei, the predominant species in the forest environment in the rainy season. L. wellcomei sandflies were not captured in the peridomestic environment. In the forest this species was found along with Lutzomyia whitmani Antunes & Coutinho and Lutzomyia intermedia Lutz & Neiva. Male and female Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva were predominant in the peridomestic environment. Microscopic analysis of the external morphology of L. wellcomei reveals details of male and female heads.

Lutzomyia wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) em fragmento de Mata Atlântica do Rio Grande do Norte, Nordeste do Brasil

Resumo. As leishmanioses podem afetar seres humanos e animais nas formas visceral e tegumentar. A forma tegumentar tem sido associada, entre outras espécies, a Lutzomyia wellcomei Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson, inicialmente encontrado na região amazônica. O estudo se baseou em coletas mensais de janeiro a dezembro  em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica e em um ambiente peridomiciliar, com armadilhas luminosas CDC. Esse é o primeiro estudo sistematizado sobre essa espécie no Rio Grande do Norte. Os insetos foram identificados e analisados em relação às chuvas no local. Alguns espécimes de L. wellcomei foram metalizados sob fita de carbono, visualizados e fotografados em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. A espécie mais abundante na área de mata foi Lutzomyia walkeri Newstead seguida por L. wellcomei. Do total capturado no ambiente de mata e no peridomicílio, cerca de 8% corresponde a L. wellcomei, sendo esta a espécie predominante no ambiente de mata no período chuvoso. Flebotomíneos L. wellcomei não foram capturados em ambiente peridomiciliar. Na mata essa espécie foi encontrada juntamente às espécies Lutzomyia whitmani Antunes & Coutinho e Lutzomyia intermedia Lutz & Neiva. Machos e fêmeas Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva foram predominantes no ambiente peridomiciliar. A análise microscópica da morfologia externa de L. wellcomei revela detalhes da cabeça de machos e fêmeas.
New Records of Katydids of the Genus Quiva (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) to Brazil
Authors: Sovano Rafael Segtowick , Mendes Diego Matheus de Mello
Published: December 2013

This paper reports a new record of Quiva diaphana Hebard and Quiva pulchella Rehn to Brazil along with the occurrence of Quiva abacata (Brunner von Wattenwyl) for the first time in the Brazilian Amazon, including distribution notes.

Novos Registros de Esperanças do Gênero Quiva (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) para o Brasil

Resumo. Este trabalho reporta novos registros de ocorrência de Quiva diaphana Hebard e Quiva pulchella Renh para o Brasil, juntamente com a ocorrência de Quiva abacata (Brunner von Wattenwyl) pela primeira vez para a Amazônia brasileira, incluindo notas de distribuição.
Composição e Diversidade da Fauna de Grilos (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) em um Fragmento de Floresta Pluvial Atlântica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Oliveira Camila Santos Pantoja de , Mendes Matheus Prem , Duarte Marcelo Netto , Rodrigues William Costa
Published: December 2013

O objetivo foi analisar a fauna de grilídeos, sua relação com diferentes composições vegetais, o nível de serapilheira e os efeitos da sazonalidade. Foram realizadas quatro coletas, nas quatro estações do ano, entre abril de 2008 e março de 2009. Foram coletados 503 grilídeos com armadilhas de solo, em oito pontos de coleta. Os insetos coletados foram identificados os seguintes gêneros Anurogryllus, Anurogryllus, Argizala, Hygronemobius, Nemobius, Odontogryllus e Pteronemobius. Os grilídeos não possuem afinidade com solos descampados, diminuindo consideravelmente no local mais impactado. O nível de serapilheira não interferiu na abundância e as mudanças sazonais mostraram importância na variação populacional, entretanto, a diversidade e dominância mostraram-se fiéis às alterações ambientais mesmo em menores valores de abundância. Esses resultados mostram que os grilídeos podem ser indicadores ambientais, pois respondem às modificações do meio.

Composition and Diversity of the Crickets Fauna (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) in a Fragment of Atlantic Rain Forest in the Rio de Janeiro State

Abstract. This study aimed to analyze the fauna of cricket, its relation with different plant compositions, litter level and seasonality effects. Four collections were performed, in four season of the year, between April 2008 and March 2009. It was collected 503 crickets using soil traps, in eight sampling points. The insects collected were identified as the genera Anurogryllus, Argizala, Hygronemobius, Nemobius, Odontogryllus e Pteronemobius. The crickets have no affinity with uncovered soil, decreasing significantly in more impacted places. The litter level did not affect the abundance and the seasonal changes shown importance in the population variation, however, diversity and dominance showed fidelity to environmental changes even in lower abundance. These results show that crickets may be environmental indicators due to the answers the changes in environment.
Eliciting Prospect Theory When Consequences Are Measured in Time Units: “Time Is Not Money”
Authors: Abdellaoui Mohammed , Kemel Emmanuel
Published: December 2013

We elicited the prospect theory components (utility, probability weighting, and loss aversion) when consequences are expressed as the time dedicated to a specific task or activity. A similar elicitation was performed for monetary consequences to allow an across-attribute (time/money) comparison of the elicited components (at the individual level). We obtained less concave utility and smaller loss aversion for time than for money. Moreover, while the probability weighting was predominantly inverse S-shaped for both attributes, it was less sensitive to probabilities and more elevated for time than for money. This finding implies more optimism for gains and more pessimism for losses.

This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
Using Volunteers in Policing: A Force Field Analysis of American Supervisors
Authors: Phillips Scott W.
Published: December 2013

This study used a Force Field Analysis to assess the attitudes of American police supervisors regarding the use of volunteers in policing. Organisations exist in a state of quasi-stable equilibrium, and any planned change should work to identify the driving and restraining forces that function to maintain that equilibrium. For example, economic conditions may force police agencies to utilise volunteers to handle many policing tasks, but this may threaten the equilibrium of police organisations and traditional police culture. For this study a national sample of police supervisors completed a survey with attitude measures related to the use of volunteers in police work. Driving and restraining forces are identified and their strengths and weaknesses are discussed. Findings indicate that, with respect to the driving forces, the items associated with organising the community and community policing may be limited in their strength as driving forces. The power of the restraining forces indicates that the use of volunteers in policing is acceptable to this cohort of police supervisors. Aggressiveness in policing is a fairly strong restraining force. Bivariate correlation results indicate that supervisors with higher levels of education contribute to positive views of several volunteer aspects. Also, more experienced police supervisors do not feel volunteers are more trouble than they are worth. There appears to be a strong relationship between the need for volunteers as part of an agency's community policing philosophy, and volunteers are seen as important to reducing crime and disorder. Finally, several significant results suggest that volunteers are accepted within the police culture.
Responsibility for Public Protection and Related Risk Decision-Making
Authors: Carson David , Nash Mike , Clift Suzie
Published: December 2013

The business literature distinguishes ‘tame’ and ‘wicked’ problems. Ten cited differences emphasise that, whilst the former have correct solutions, we cannot agree on the correct analysis of, let alone solutions for, the latter. Whilst administration and management are appropriate for tackling tame problems, wicked problems require leadership. Many policing decisions, and other public protection and human services, involve ‘wicked’ problems. Thus they require leadership, rather than administration or management. This article explains these points and discusses the implications.
Influence of Prosthesis Type on Long-Term Survival after Re-replacement of Aortic Valve Prosthesis
Authors: Akhyari Payam , Lichtenberg Artur , Hartmann Alexander , Ismail Issam , Hiroyuki Kamiya , Minol Jan-Philipp , Kofidis Theodoros , Klima Uwe , Karck Matthias , Haverich Axel
Published: December 2013

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the prosthesis type on early mortality and long-term survival after re-replacement of aortic valve prosthesis, especially in patients over 60 years old.

Methods: Late outcome of 223 patients who underwent a reoperation on the aortic valve and received a mechanical (mechanical group) or biological (biological group) heart valve prosthesis at a single institution were analyzed for survival and major valve-related complications, including structural valve deterioration, thromboembolism, hemorrhage, further reoperation, and valve-related mortality.

Results: Preoperative New York Heart Association class IV (P = 0.001), emergency procedure (P = 0.002), and endocarditis (P = 0.025) were significant risk factors for 30-day mortality rates, which were 8.4 % and 12.5 %, respectively (mechanical versus biological group, P = 0.361). A subanalysis of elective patients revealed a low risk of 30-day mortality of 2.4 % and 1.8 %, respectively. Event-free survival was comparable at 5 years (73.9% � 3.6% versus 70.5% � 6.5%, mechanical versus biological group) and 10 year (49.7% � 5.0% versus 35.3% � 9.8%, mechanical versus biological group). In a propensity-matched subanalysis, survival and event-free survival were comparable at 5 and 10 years in both groups.

Conclusion: The type of aortic valve prosthesis did not affect early outcome and late survival in patients who underwent valve replacement, and therefore, the current strategy favoring a biological aortic valve prosthesis for patients aged over 60 years in first-time operations could also be applied in re-replacement.
Left Atrial Leiomyosarcoma Extending into the Posterior Mediastinum and Mimicking a Left Atrial Myxoma
Authors: Özkaynak Berk , Kayalar Nihan , Mert Bülent , Sönmez Serkan , Erentuğ Vedat
Published: December 2013

Background: Intracardiac malignancies are extremely rare and hard to detect or differentiate preoperatively.

Case Report: We present a 48-year-old female patient who was diagnosed primarily with left atrial myxoma and taken into emergency surgery. The tumor extended into the pulmonary veins and infiltrated the atrial endocardium, and the histopathologic diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma. The left atrial endocardium was successfully peeled off with the tumor and complete resection was achieved.

Conclusion: The possible malignant nature of intracardiac masses should be kept in mind, especially in middle-aged patients. The extent of the tumor must be determined in elective cases to establish the proper strategy for complete resection, which is the only chance of successful treatment for this lethal disease entity. Endocardial peeling is warranted for successful removal of the tumor mass in leiomyosarcoma.
Introduction to a Norwood Program in an Emerging Economy: Learning Curve of a Single Center
Authors: Başaran Murat , Tunçer Eylem , Güzelmeriç Füsun , Çine Nihat , Öner Naci , Yıldırım Ayşe , Şavluk Ömer , Tüzün Behzat , Ceyran Hakan
Published: December 2013

Background: There has been a notable improvement in the outcome of stage 1 palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) in recent years. Nevertheless, developing a new Norwood program requires a steep learning curve, especially in emerging economies where rapid population growth brings a high volume of patients but, on the other hand, resources are limited. In this paper we aimed to summarize the initial results of a single center.

Methods: Hospital records of 21 patients were reviewed for all patients having a stage 1 palliation procedure for HLHS between May 2011 and May 2013. There were 13 male (62%) and 8 female (38%) patients. Median age was 14 days (range, 4-74 days) and median weight was 3030 g (2600-3900 g). HLHS was defined as mitral or aortic stenosis or atresia (or both) in the presence of normally related great vessels and a hypoplastic left ventricle. Transthoracic echocardiography was the diagnostic modality used in all patients. All procedures but one were performed using an antegrade selective cerebral perfusion method and moderate hypothermia. Cerebral perfusion was monitored with cerebral oximetry in all patients. Modified ultrafiltration was routinely used in all patients.

Results: Overall hospital mortality was 47.6% (n = 10). Mortality rates considerably decreased from the first year to second year (69% and 12.5% respectively). No risk factors were identified for mortality.

Conclusions: Surgical palliation of neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome continues to be a challenge. To decrease the overall mortality nationwide and improve outcomes, a referral center with a dedicated team is necessary in emerging economies.
Heart Failure due to Tension Hydrothorax after Left Pneumonectomy
Authors: Maguire Kim , Leung Calvin , Kodali Visali , Taylor Brice , Fontaine Jacques-Pierre , Rojas Carlos A. , Guglin Maya
Published: December 2013

Tension hydrothorax is a rare complication of pneumonectomy for pleural mesothelioma and an exceptionally rare cause of heart failure. We describe a patient who had undergone extrapleural pneumonectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation for pleural mesothelioma and who developed heart failure symptoms within months of the completion of treatment. Investigation showed a massive left pleural effusion resulting in tension hydrothorax, mediastinal shift, and evidence of right heart failure with constrictive physiology and low cardiac output. Therapeutic thoracentesis resulted in increase in cardiac output and symptomatic improvement.
Comparison of Remifentanil and Low-Dose Fentanyl for Fast-Track Cardiac Anesthesia: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Khanykin Boris , Siddiqi Rizwan , Jensen Per F. , Bigler Dennis R. , Atroshchenko Gennady V.
Published: December 2013

Background: Different anesthetic techniques have been used for fast tracking in cardiac anesthesia. Remifentanil, with its unique pharmacokinetic profile, could be an ideal drug for fast tracking. Possible limitations of remifentanil are rapid onset of postoperative pain after discontinuation of the drug infusion, which may increase the risk of an ischemic event. We conducted this randomized study to compare the efficacy of remifentanil versus low doses of fentanyl in fast-track cardiac anesthesia. It has been hypothesized that remifentanil would provide a safe anesthesia with no impact on myocardial function and with positive effects on extubation time and mobilization.

Methods: We compared the postoperative course of patients, the remifentanil group (RG) and the low-dose fentanyl group (LDFG), in whom remifentanil and low-dose fentanyl, respectively, were used for fast-track cardiac anesthesia. The study was designed as a prospective randomized study. The primary outcomes were changes in the cardiac index and creatine kinase MB fraction (CKMB), extubation times, mobilization times, and lengths of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the hospital. Frequency of myocardial infarction (MI), reoperations due to excessive bleeding, renal impairment, and cerebral complications were registered as well.

Results: Seventy-one patients were enrolled in the study, and 7 were excluded due to difficult airway, bleeding, and technical difficulties. The RG comprised 33 patients and the LDFG comprised of 31 patients. There were no differences between the groups in terms of age, Euroscore, types of surgery, extracorporeal circulation, and aortic cross-clamp time. We did not find significant difference in cardiac index, CKMB, extubation times, mobilization times, length of stay in the ICU and in the hospital between the groups. Postoperative complications such as MI, rates of reoperations, renal and cerebral complications and incidence of atrial fibrillation did not show any significant differences.

Conclusions: Remifentanil fast-track anesthesia for cardiac patients has no negative impact on myocardial function. Both remifentanil and low-dose fentanyl are equally effective and safe for fast-track cardiac anesthesia. The study did not highlight any statistical superiority of remifentanil anesthesia over low-dose fentanyl anesthesia.
An Ex Vivo Model of Left Ventricular Dilation and Functional Mitral Regurgitation to Facilitate the Development of Surgical Techniques
Authors: Monnet Eric , Pouching Kristal
Published: December 2013

Objective: Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is a common sequelae of myocardial ischemic disease. It results from annular dilation and outward rotation of the posterior papillary muscle. Different surgical techniques are under investigation for the treatment of FMR. However, an ex vivo model of FMR would be valuable to develop and compare the effect of techniques on the geometry of the left ventricle and the correction of FMR.

Methods: FMR was induced in explanted ovine hearts (n = 12) by manual dilation of the mitral annulus or by posterior papillary muscle repositioning with a patch. Left ventricular dimensions were measured. Mitral regurgitant volume (MRV) was measured in a continuous flow system.

Results: Annular dilation significantly increased MRV from 93.0 � 110.4 to 472.2 � 211.8 mL/min (P = 0.031), and the patch increased it from 37.8 � 55.2 to 365 � 189.6 mL/min (P = 0.031), with no significant differences between the 2 groups. When both techniques were applied, MRV significantly increased to 1383.5 � 567.0 mL/min (P = 0.0005). The left ventricular sphericity index decreased from 3.25 � 0.7 to 2.34 � 0.6 (P = 0.0025) after application of the patch. The posterior papillary muscle was displaced after patch placement, following an outward rotation.

Conclusion: This ex vivo model reproduces annular dilation and outward rotation of the posterior papillary muscle, which are both present during FMR after ischemic myocardial disease. This model could be used to evaluate and compare interventions to treat FMR.
Rapid Diagnostics and Treatment of Early Complications after CABG Surgery: A Life Saver
Authors: Passaloglou Ioannis Thomas , Sabashnikov Anton , Zeriouh Mohamed , Reutter Stefanie , Fatullayev Javid , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Wahlers Thorsten
Published: December 2013

Early graft failure after CABG surgery may lead to severe adverse events and death. Because the cause of the graft failure can vary, rapid diagnostic management is mandatory in order to address these complications appropriately. In the present 2 cases, patients who underwent CABG procedures showed typical electrocardiograms and serology of a perioperative myocardial ischemia shortly after surgery. In the first case, a rapidly performed coronary angiogram revealed a torqued right CABG, which was detorqued and, in order to avoid further torsion, fixated to the pericardium in a redo procedure. In the second case, the patient underwent a revascularization by means of percutaneous cor onary intervention with stent implantation for severe stenosis due to a localized dissection of the vein graft, diagnosed on coronary angiogram. The further postoperative course of both patients was smooth and both could be discharged on day 8 and 11 after initial surgery, respectively.
Type A Intramural Hematoma Often Turns Out To Be a Type A Dissection
Authors: Michel Sebastian , Hagl Christian , Juchem Gerd , Sodian Ralf
Published: December 2013

Background: The management of type A intramural hematoma (IMH) is controversial. Although most Western countries still recommend immediate surgical repair, some centers in Asia have shown good results recently with medical treatment alone. Here, we present a case of type A IMH which was discovered during the operation to be a thrombosed type A dissection.

Case Report: An 83-year-old female patient presented with acute chest pain. After diagnostic exclusion of myocardial infarction, computed tomography was performed, which showed an IMH from the ascending to the descending aorta. No intimal flap could be detected. The ascending aorta was replaced surgically with a prosthesis. During the operation, we found a ruptured intimal plaque, which had caused dissection of the aorta with thrombosis of the false lumen. The true diagnosis�thrombosed type A dissection and not IMH�was revealed neither by computed tomography nor by transesophageal echocardiography.

Conclusion: Type A IMH should still be treated with immediate surgical repair because in many cases it turns out to be thrombosed type A dissection.
Extensive Differences in Gene Expression Between Symbiotic and Aposymbiotic Cnidarians
Authors: Lehnert Erik M , Mouchka Morgan E , Burriesci Matthew S , Gallo Natalya D , Schwarz Jodi A , Pringle John R
Published: December 2013

Coral reefs provide habitats for a disproportionate number of marine species relative to the small area of the oceans that they occupy. The mutualism between the cnidarian animal hosts and their intracellular dinoflagellate symbionts provides the nutritional foundation for coral growth and formation of reef structures, because algal photosynthesis can provide >90% of the total energy of the host. Disruption of this symbiosis (“coral bleaching”) is occurring on a large scale due primarily to anthropogenic factors and poses a major threat to the future of coral reefs. Despite the importance of this symbiosis, the cellular mechanisms involved in its establishment, maintenance, and breakdown remain largely unknown. We report our continued development of genomic tools to study these mechanisms in Aiptasia, a small sea anemone with great promise as a model system for studies of cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis. Specifically, we have generated de novo assemblies of the transcriptomes of both a clonal line of symbiotic anemones and their endogenous dinoflagellate symbionts. We then compared transcript abundances in animals with and without dinoflagellates. This analysis identified >900 differentially expressed genes and allowed us to generate testable hypotheses about the cellular functions affected by symbiosis establishment. The differentially regulated transcripts include >60 encoding proteins that may play roles in transporting various nutrients between the symbiotic partners; many more encoding proteins functioning in several metabolic pathways, providing clues regarding how the transported nutrients may be used by the partners; and several encoding proteins that may be involved in host recognition and tolerance of the dinoflagellate.
The Dynamics of Diverse Segmental Amplifications in Populations ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeAdapting to Strong Selection
Authors: Payen Celia , Di Rienzi Sara C , Ong Giang T , Pogachar Jamie L , Sanchez Joseph C , Sunshine Anna B , Raghuraman M K , Brewer Bonita J , Dunham Maitreya J
Published: December 2013

Population adaptation to strong selection can occur through the sequential or parallel accumulation of competing beneficial mutations. The dynamics, diversity, and rate of fixation of beneficial mutations within and between populations are still poorly understood. To study how the mutational landscape varies across populations during adaptation, we performed experimental evolution on seven parallel populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae continuously cultured in limiting sulfate medium. By combining quantitative polymerase chain reaction, array comparative genomic hybridization, restriction digestion and contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis, and whole-genome sequencing, we followed the trajectory of evolution to determine the identity and fate of beneficial mutations. During a period of 200 generations, the yeast populations displayed parallel evolutionary dynamics that were driven by the coexistence of independent beneficial mutations. Selective amplifications rapidly evolved under this selection pressure, in particular common inverted amplifications containing the sulfate transporter gene SUL1. Compared with single clones, detailed analysis of the populations uncovers a greater complexity whereby multiple subpopulations arise and compete despite a strong selection. The most common evolutionary adaptation to strong selection in these populations grown in sulfate limitation is determined by clonal interference, with adaptive variants both persisting and replacing one another.
Double-Strand Break Repair Assays Determine Pathway Choice and Structure of Gene Conversion Events inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Do Anthony T , Brooks Joseph T , Le Neveu Margot K , LaRocque Jeannine R
Published: December 2013

Double-strand breaks (DSBs) must be accurately and efficiently repaired to maintain genome integrity. Depending on the organism receiving the break, the genomic location of the DSB, and the cell-cycle phase in which it occurs, a DSB can be repaired by homologous recombination (HR), nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), or single-strand annealing (SSA). Two novel DSB repair assays were developed to determine the contributions of these repair pathways and to finely resolve repair event structures in Drosophila melanogaster. Rad51-dependent homologous recombination is the preferred DSB repair pathway in mitotically dividing cells, and the pathway choice between HR and SSA occurs after end resection and before Rad51-dependent strand invasion. HR events are associated with long gene conversion tracts and are both bidirectional and unidirectional, consistent with repair via the synthesis-dependent strand annealing pathway. Additionally, HR between diverged sequences is suppressed in Drosophila, similar to levels reported in human cells. Junction analyses of rare NHEJ events reveal that canonical NHEJ is utilized in this system.
The Role of Two Different Collagen Membranes for Dehiscence Defect Around Implants in Humans
Authors: Lee Dong-Woon , Kim Kyeong-Taek , Joo Yon-Soo , Yoo Mi-Kyung , Yu Jeoung-A , Ryu Jae-Jun
Published: December 2013

The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of 2 types of collagen membranes (cross-linked vs noncross-linked) used in conjunction with autogenous or allogenic bone followed by xenogeneic bone particles for dehiscence defect around implants in humans. Experimental groups were divided into 2 groups: Group CL (cross-linked, Ossix Plus, n = 24 implants, 16 patients) and Group NCL (noncross-linked, Bio-Gide, n = 25 implants, 18 patients). At the time of implant insertion and uncovery surgery, measurements of the dehiscence bony height, width, and surface area were made. Before applying the membrane to defects, guided bone regeneration was performed. Because it is difficult to measure the degree of exposure, early exposed cases were excluded from the result analysis. The mean percentage gain of the dehiscence defect and the mean marginal bone reduction value of follow-up radiograph did not show statistically significant differences between the 2 groups. Both membranes exhibited satisfactory results on dehiscence defects. As a result, our authors concluded the success of guided bone regeneration was performed simultaneously for dehiscence defects around the implant, regardless whether collagen membranes were cross-linked or noncross-linked.