bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bottom-up fabrication of FeSb2 nanowires on crystalline GaAs substrates with ion-induced pre-patterning
Authors: Weinert Tom , Hübner René , Facsko Stefan , Erb Denise J.
Published: March 2023

In recent decades, nanostructuring has become one of the most important techniques to design and engineer functional materials. The properties of nanostructured materials are influenced by the interplay of its instrinsic bulk properties and the properties of its surface - the relative importance of the latter being enhanced by the increased surface-to-volume ratio in nanostructures. For instance, nanostructuring of a thermoelectric material can reduce the thermal conductivity while maintaining constant electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient, which would improve the thermoelectric properties. For that reason, this study investigated the possibility of preparing nanowires of iron antimonide (FeSb2), a thermoelectric material, on single-crystalline gallium arsenide GaAs (001) substrates with ion-induced surface nanoscale pre-patterning and characterized the structure of the prepared FeSb2 nanowires. The GaAs (001) substrates were pre-patterned using 1 keV Ar+ ion irradiation. By using an ion source with a broad, unfocused ion beam at normal incidence, the patterned area can be scaled to nearly any size. The self-organized surface morphology is formed by reverse epitaxy and is characterized by almost perfectly parallel-aligned ripples at the nanometer scale. For the fabrication of FeSb2 nanowires, iron and antimony were successively deposited on the pre-patterned GaAs substrates at grazing incidence and then annealed. They were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in particular high-resolution TEM imaging for structure analysis and spectrum imaging analysis based on energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for element characterization. With the presented fabrication method, FeSb2 nanowires were produced successfully on GaAs(001) substrates with an ion-induced nanopatterned surface. The nanowires have a polycristalline structure and a cross-sectional area which is scalable up to 22 × 22 nm2. Due to the high order nanostructures on the GaAs substrate, the nanowires have a length of several micrometer. This bottom-up nanofabrication process based on ion-induced patterning can be a viable alternative to top-down procedures regarding to efficiency and costs.
Assessment of neutrophil subsets and immune checkpoint inhibitor expressions on T lymphocytes in liver transplantation: A preliminary study beyond the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio
Authors: Riff Arnaud , Haem Rahimi Muzhda , Delignette Marie-Charlotte , Gossez Morgane , Coudereau Rémy , Pantel Solène , Antonini Teresa , Villeret François , Zoulim Fabien , Mabrut Jean-Yves , Dumortier Jérome , Venet Fabienne , Lebossé Fanny , Monneret Guillaume
Published: March 2023

Background: Advanced stages of cirrhosis are characterized by the occurrence of progressive immune alterations known as CAID (Cirrhosis Associated Immune Dysfunction). In advanced cirrhosis, liver transplantation (LT) remains the only curative treatment. Sepsis, shares many similarities with decompensated cirrhosis in terms of immuno-inflammatory response. In both conditions, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with poor outcomes. Based on alterations in sepsis, we hypothesized that we could observe in cirrhotic and LT patients more detailed neutrophil and lymphocyte phenotypes. To this end, along with leukocyte count, we assessed immature neutrophils, LOX-1+ MDSC and PD-1 and TIM-3 lymphocyte expressions in cirrhotic patients before transplantation in association with liver disease severity and during the first month after transplantation.

Methods: We conducted a prospective monocentric study including cirrhotic patients registered on LT waiting-list. Blood samples were collected at enrolment before LT and for 1 month post-LT. In addition to NLR, we assessed by whole blood flow cytometry the absolute count of immature neutrophils and LOX-1+ MDSC as well as the expressions of immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 and TIM-3 on T lymphocytes.

Results: We included 15 healthy volunteers (HV) and 28 patients. LT was performed for 13 patients. Pre-LT patients presented with a higher NLR compared to HV and NLR was associated with cirrhosis severity. Increased immature neutrophils and LOX-1+ MDSC counts were observed in the most severe patients. These alterations were mainly associated with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. PD-1 and TIM-3 expressions on T lymphocytes were not different between patients and HV. Post-LT immune alterations were dominated by a transitory but tremendous increase of NLR and immature neutrophils during the first days post-LT. Then, immune checkpoint receptors and LOX-1+ MDSC tended to be overexpressed by the second week after surgery.

Conclusion: The present study showed that NLR, immature neutrophils and LOX-1+ MDSC counts along with T lymphocyte count and checkpoint inhibitor expression were altered in cirrhotic patients before and after LT. These data illustrate the potential interest of immune monitoring of cirrhotic patients in the context of LT in order to better define risk of sepsis. For this purpose, larger cohorts of patients are now necessary in order to move forward a more personalised care of LT patients.
Dendroclimatic response of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. along an altitudinal gradient in the warm temperate region of China
Authors: Ning Peng , Zhang Min , Bai Tianyu , Zhang Bin , Yang Liu , Dang Shangni , Yang Xiaohu , Gao Runmei
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Global climate change can affect the sensitivity of tree radial growth to climate factors, but the specific responses of tree radial growth to microclimate along the altitudinal gradient in the long term are still unclear.

Methods

In this study, the tree-ring width chronologies of Pinus tabuliformis Carr. in Shanxi Province of China were studied at three altitude gradients (1200-1300 m (low altitude), 1300-1400 m (medium altitude) and 1400-1500 m (high altitude)) during 1958-2017.

Results

The results showed that (1) the climate background could be divided into two periods based on the Mann-Kendall test analysis: 1958–1996 was a stable period (mean annual temperature (MAT)=10.25°C, mean annual precipitation (MAP)=614.39 mm), and 1997–2017 was a rapid change period (MAT=10.91°C, MAP=564.70 mm), indicating a warming and drying trend in the study region. (2) The radial growth of P. tabuliformis at different altitudes showed inconsistent variation patterns. The tree radial growth at low and medium altitudes (CV=27.01% for low altitude and CV=24.69% for medium altitude) showed larger variation amplitudes during the rapid change period than that in the stable period (CV=12.40% for low altitude and CV=18.42% for medium altitude). In contrast to the increasing trend, the tree radial growth rates at the high altitude showed a decreasing trend across years. (3) In the stable period, the radial growth of P. tabuliformis at the low altitude showed a significantly negative response to temperature and a positive response to precipitation in May and June. The tree radial growth at the medium altitude was positively related to precipitation in June and minimum temperature in February. The tree growth at the high altitude was mainly positively correlated with the temperature in May and August. In the rapid change period, the radial growth of P. tabuliformis at the low altitude was affected by more meteorological factors than that in the stable period. Medium-altitude trees were positively influenced by precipitation in June and minimum temperature in January, whereas high-altitude trees responded positively to wind speed in February. (4) Along altitudinal gradients, tree radial growth was more related to temperature than precipitation in the stable period. The tree radial growth at the high altitude during the rapid change period was only affected by wind speed in February, whereas the tree radial growth at low and medium altitudes was mainly affected by temperature to a similar extent during the two periods.

Discussion

The study indicated that tree growth-climate response models could help deeply understand the impact of climate change on tree growth adaptation and would be beneficial for developing sustainable management policies for forest ecosystems in the transition zone from warm-temperate to subtropical climates.
Development of the peer-supported open dialogue attitude and competence inventory for practitioners: A Delphi study
Authors: Fedosejevs Vladimirs , Shi Jinyu , Hopfenbeck Mark Steven
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Peer-supported Open Dialogue (POD) is a novel approach to mental health care that is currently being practiced and researched in the United Kingdom. For POD to be successfully implemented, effective training must be provided to make sure trainees are prepared to deliver the approach as intended. Therefore, a specific instrument that can assess the development and competence of POD trainees, as well as the effectiveness of POD training is crucial. Therefore, the current study aimed to establish an inventory named the Peer-supported Open Dialogue Attitude and Competence Inventory (PODACI), measuring the changes in attributes and attitudes of trainees before and after training.

Methods and Results

To generate the inventory, a four-round modified Delphi approach was used. We first identified the dimensions that are essential and specific to POD through an extensive literature review and individual interviews with practitioners (n = 8). After generating the items, we further refined the items through two rounds of questionnaires, asking practitioners to rate the relevance of each item from 1 (not essential) to 4 (highly essential; n = 21 and n = 10), and finalized the inventory via a focus group interview with POD trainers (n = 4). In total, 76 items were included in the PODACI. A good consensus on the items was reached: the median score of the items was all above 3.00 (essential) and achieved an agreement level greater than 85%. The Kendall coordination coefficient W was 0.36 and 0.28 in the two questionnaires employed, indicating a fair level of agreement between participants.

Discussion

The PODACI provides a way to measure attitudinal and competency factors related to the treatment integrity of POD as well as the efficacy of the training courses being offered. This highly enriched instrument opens up a wide range of possibilities for POD research and application, facilitating the development of Open Dialogue services. The next step is to assess the psychometric properties of the inventory.
The influence of home and environmental characteristics on 5–18 years old children's health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Golzarpour Majid , Santana Paula , Sajjadi Homeira , Ghaed Amini Harouni Gholamreza , Costa Claudia , Ziapour Arash , Azizi Seyed Amar , Akbari Mehdi , Afrashteh Sima
Published: March 2023

Background

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed the health and wellbeing of children. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the home environment and the environmental characteristics on 5–18 years old children health in Iran.

Method

An online survey was conducted among parents of children aged 5 to 18 living in large cities in Iran in 2021. The statistical population of this cross-sectional study was 500 people. In this survey, questionnaires on the quality of the home environment, exterior and interior landscapes of homes, and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) were used to investigate the relationship between the home environment and environmental characteristics on 5–18 years old children health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The t-test and analysis of variance were used in SPSS 24, and the structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized in AMOS 24 for analyzing the data.

Results

The average age of respondents was 37.13 ± 7.20, and that of children was 11.57 ± 3.47. 73.02% of the families were covered by insurance, and 74.08% of them lived in the metropolis. In addition, 65.04% of the families complied with the restrictions of the quarantine period. A share of 31% of the families live in villas, and 55% paid more attention to cleaning their homes during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. A positive and significant statistical relationship (β = 0.414, p < 0.001) was observed between the residence environment and child health. Thus, explained 17.5% of variations in child health.

Conclusion

The results showed that the children who lived in homes with an exterior landscape in nature had better health. In addition, the 5–18 years old children whose home landscape was a garden, compared to the other two groups (yard, balcony), had better health. Gardens are a potential source of health and not necessarily replaced by other natural environments, thus providing them along with green space is one of the crucial issues that should be considered.
Summative content analysis of the recommendations from Project ECHO Ontario Autism
Authors: Jane Alanna , Kanigsberg Lisa , Patel Anmol , Eldon Salina , Anagnostou Evdokia , Brian Jessica , Penner Melanie
Published: March 2023

Background

Practitioners report a lack of knowledge and confidence in treating autistic children, resulting in unmet healthcare needs. The Extension of Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) Autism model addresses this through discussion of participant-generated cases, helping physicians provide best-practice care through co-created recommendations. Recommendations stemming from ECHO cases have yet to be characterized and may help guide the future care of autistic children. Our objective was to characterize and categorize case discussion recommendations from Project ECHO Ontario Autism to better identify gaps in clinician knowledge.

Methods

We conducted a summative content analysis of all ECHO Ontario Autism case recommendations to identify categories of recommendations and their frequencies. Two researchers independently coded recommendations from five ECHO cases to develop the coding guide. They then each independently coded all remaining cases and recommendations from three cycles of ECHO held between October 2018 to July 2021, meeting regularly with the ECHO lead to consolidate the codes. A recommendation could be identified with more than one code if it pertained to multiple aspects of autism care. Categories from the various codes were identified and the frequency of each code was calculated.

Results

Of the 422 recommendations stemming from 62 cases, we identified 55 codes across ten broad categories. Categories included accessing community resources (n = 224), referrals to allied health and other providers (n = 202), ongoing autism care (n = 169), co-occurring mental and physical health conditions (n = 168), resources and tools for further learning (n = 153), physician to provide education and coaching to families (n = 150), promoting parent and family wellness (n = 104), supporting community autism diagnosis (n = 97), promoting patient empowerment and autonomy (n = 87), and COVID-19 (n = 26).

Conclusion

This is the first time that recommendations from ECHO Autism have been characterized and grouped into categories. Our results show that advice for autism identification and management spans many different facets of community-based care. Specific attention should be paid to providing continued access to education about autism, streamlining referrals to allied health providers, and a greater focus on patient- and family-centered care. Physicians should have continued access to autism education to help fill knowledge gaps and to facilitate families' service navigation.
Dynamics of oral microbiome acquisition in healthy infants: A pilot study
Authors: Li Yihong , Saraithong Prakaimuk , Zhang Lanxin , Dills Ashley , Paster Bruce J. , Xiao Jin , Wu Tong Tong , Jones Zachary
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The human oral microbiota is one of the most complex bacterial communities in the human body. However, how newborns initially acquire these bacteria remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the dynamics of oral microbial communities in healthy infants and investigated the influence of the maternal oral microbiota on the acquisition of the infant's oral microbiota. We hypothesized that the infant oral microbial diversity increases with age.

Methods

One hundred and sixteen whole-salivary samples were collected from 32 healthy infants and their biological mothers during postpartum and 9- and 15-month well-infant visits. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced by Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) methods. The Shannon index was used to measure the microbial diversity of the infant-mother dyads (alpha diversity). The microbial diversity between the mother-infant dyads (beta-diversity) was calculated using the weighted non-phylogenetic Bray-Curtis distance in QIIME 1.9.1. Core microbiome analysis was performed using MicrobiomeAnalyst software. Linear discriminant analysis coupled with effect size analysis was used to identify differentially abundant features between mother and infant dyads.

Results

A total of 6,870,571 16S rRNA reads were generated from paired mother–infant saliva samples. Overall, oral microbial profiles significantly differed between the mother and infant groups (p < 0.001). The diversity of the salivary microbiomes in the infants increased in an age-dependent manner, whereas the core microbiome of the mothers remained relatively stable during the study period. Breastfeeding and gender did not affect the microbial diversity in infants. Moreover, infants had a greater relative abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria than their mothers. The SparCC correlation analysis demonstrated constant changes in infants' oral microbial community network (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study provides new evidence that the oral cavities of infants are colonized by a distinct group of bacterial species at birth. The acquisition and diversity of changes in oral microbial composition are dynamic during the first year of an infant's life. Before reaching the second birthday, the composition of the oral microbial community could be more similar to that of their biological mothers.
Anti-colonial thought and global social theory
Authors: Patel Sujata
Published: March 2023

From the late 1980s onward, global social theory has been introduced to a new perspective variously called indigeneity, endogeneity, Orientalism, Eurocentrism, post-colonial, decolonial, and Southern sociology/social sciences. This study argues that the above-mentioned trends should be collectively termed anti-colonial social theory as all of these explore the relationship between colonialism and knowledge production. The study divides the growth of anti-colonial social theory in terms of two phases and relates it to changing geopolitics of the 20th century. It argues that these distinct trends manifest a united stance in its ontological-epistemic articulation. It also argues that anti-colonial social theory can play a relevant role in a knowledge system divided through colonial/imperial relationships, given its theorization on the same.
Practice to pitch: The relationship between force-velocity profiles and match-day performance of semi-professional rugby union players
Authors: Heather Ormond , Lander Patrick , Rayner Russell
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This exploratory study aimed to assess the relationship between athlete neuromuscular performance and rugby performance indicators. Specifically, the study looked at the force-velocity profiles (FVPs) derived from four common resistance exercises and their relationship with rugby performance indicators (RPIs).

Methods

The study recruited twenty-two semi-professional male rugby players (body mass 102.5 ± 12.6 kg, height 1.85 ± 0.74 m, age 24.4 ± 3.4 years) consisting of ten backs and twelve forwards. Prior to the first game of a Covid-impacted nine-match season, participants performed four common resistance exercises (barbell box squat, jammer push-press, sled pull, and sled push) at incremental loads to establish force-velocity profiles. During the season, rugby performance indicators (post-contact metres, tries, turnovers conceded, tackles, try assists, metres ran, defenders beaten, and tackle breaks) were collated from two trusted sources by a performance analyst. Correlational analyses were used to determine the relationship between the results of FVPs and RPIs.

Results

The study found a statistically significant, moderate, positive correlation between tackle-breaks and sled push V0 (r = .35, p = .048). Significant, large, positive correlations were also found between tackles and jammer push-press V0 (r = .53, p = .049) and tackle-breaks and sled pull F0 (r = .53, p = .03). There was a significant, negative relationship between sled pull V0 and tackle-breaks (r = −.49, p = .04). However, the largest, significant correlation reported was between metres ran and sled pull F0 (r = .66, p = .03).

Conclusion

The study suggests that a relationship may exist between FVPs of particular exercises and RPIs, but further research is required to confirm this. Specifically, the results suggest that horizontal resistance training may be best to enhance RPIs (tackle-breaks, tackles, and metres ran). The study also found that maximal power was not related to any rugby performance indicator, which suggests that a specified prescription of either force or velocity dominant exercises to enhance RPIs may be warranted.
Government regulations, biosecurity awareness, and farmers' adoption of biosecurity measures: Evidence from pig farmers in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Li Jianqiang , Yuan Mengge , Wang Huan , Zhou Kun
Published: March 2023

Introduction

To date, African swine fever (ASF) is the greatest challenge to sustainable development in the pig farming industry in Sichuan and elsewhere. Biosecurity measures adopted by farmers are an important way to prevent ASF. As a way to advocate the adoption of biosecurity measures by farmers, government regulations (GRs) can guide and promote farmers' biosecurity awareness and adoption of related measures and thereby support the sustainable development of pig farming.

Method

In this study, a theoretical framework for systematic analysis is established, and survey data of 351 pig farmers are used to estimate the effects of GRs on the farmers' adoption of biosecurity measures.

Conclusions

The main conclusions are as follows. (1) The different types of GRs all pass the significance test and promote farmers' adoption of biosecurity measures, indicating that the Chinese government's biosecurity policies at this stage are effective. (2) According to a mediation effect model, GRs can promote farmers' adoption of biosecurity measures by increasing the level of biosecurity awareness among farmers. (3) From the results of a heterogeneity test, the effects of GRs on the adoption of biosecurity measures among farmers in the low rearing income level, short rearing time and low rearing scale groups are much greater than those in the high rearing income level, long rearing time and high rearing scale groups.

Policy recommendations

Based on the above conclusions, the results of this study suggest that the government should continue to strengthen GRs, especially guided GRs, such as biosecurity measure training. Moreover, for farmers with different backgrounds, the government should adopt distinct strategies to improve the effectiveness of GRs.
Synergistic effect of UV-C irradiation and high-pressure processing in reducing microbial load in “Nanglae” pineapple juice compared to conventional heat treatment
Authors: Suthiluk Phunsiri , Chuensombat Nuntawan , Setha Sutthiwal , Naradisorn Matchima
Published: March 2023

Thermal processing is widely used in juice production to ensure microbial safety and to extend juice shelf life; however, it can have an impact on quality attributes such as color and nutritional content. UV-C irradiation and high-pressure processing (HPP) are non-thermal processing methods which causes little impact on the quality of fruit juice compared to conventional heat treatment (CHT). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of combining UV-C and HPP (UV-C + HPP) treatments on microbial loads and quality of “Nanglae” pineapple juice during cold storage at 5 ± 1°C for 91 days. The treatments were as follows: (1) no treatment; (2) conventional heat treatment (80 ± 5°C, 10 min); and (3) a combination of UV-C (3 kJ/m2) and HPP (600 MPa, 5 min) treatments. The combined treatments of UV-C and HPP reduced the numbers of viable cells of aerobic microorganisms to less than the quantification limit of 1.48 log CFU/mL and yeasts and molds to <1.18 log CFU/mL throughout the 91-day storage period. Pineapple juice treated with CHT contained yeasts and molds exceeding the quantification limit of 1.18 log CFU/mL after 63 days of storage. The UV-C + HPP treatment preserved carotenoids and protein levels comparable to those found in fresh pineapple juice over 91 days of storage, whereas the CHT significantly decreased these values. Throughout the storage period, ascorbic acid levels in the CHT were slightly lower than in the combined treatments. These results clearly demonstrate that the combination of UV-C and HPP can ensure the safety of “Nanglae” pineapple juice while also retaining bioactive compounds. Combining these two technologies could be a new approach to producing healthy and safe juices.
Postsurgical morbidity and mortality favorably informs deep brain stimulation for new indications including schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Gault Judith M. , Hosokawa Patrick , Kramer Daniel , Saks Elyn R. , Appelbaum Paul S. , Thompson John A. , Olincy Ann , Cascella Nicola , Sawa Akira , Goodman Wayne , Moukaddam Nidal , Sheth Sameer A. , Anderson William S. , Davis Rachel A.
Published: March 2023

Background

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows promise for new indications like treatment-refractory schizophrenia in early clinical trials. In the first DBS clinical trial for treatment refractory schizophrenia, despite promising results in treating psychosis, one of the eight subjects experienced both a symptomatic hemorrhage and an infection requiring device removal. Now, ethical concerns about higher surgical risk in schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SZ/SAD) are impacting clinical trial progress. However, insufficient cases preclude conclusions regarding DBS risk in SZ/SAD. Therefore, we directly compare adverse surgical outcomes for all surgical procedures between SZ/SAD and Parkinson's disease (PD) cases to infer relative surgical risk relevant to gauging DBS risks in subjects with SZ/SAD.

Design

In the primary analysis, we used browser-based statistical analysis software, TriNetX Live (trinetx.com TriNetX LLC, Cambridge, MA), for Measures of Association using the Z-test. Postsurgical morbidity and mortality after matching for ethnicity, over 39 risk factors, and 19 CPT 1003143 coded surgical procedures from over 35,000 electronic medical records, over 19 years, from 48 United States health care organizations (HCOs) through the TriNetX Research Network™. TriNetXis a global, federated, web-based health research network providing access and statistical analysis of aggregate counts of deidentified EMR data. Diagnoses were based on ICD-10 codes. In the final analysis, logistic regression was used to determine relative frequencies of outcomes among 21 diagnostic groups/cohorts being treated with or considered for DBS and 3 control cohorts.

Results

Postsurgical mortality was 1.01–4.11% lower in SZ/SAD compared to the matched PD cohort at 1 month and 1 year after any surgery, while morbidity was 1.91–2.73% higher and associated with postsurgical noncompliance with medical treatment. Hemorrhages and infections were not increased. Across the 21 cohorts compared, PD and SZ/SAD were among eight cohorts with fewer surgeries, nine cohorts with higher postsurgical morbidity, and fifteen cohorts within the control-group range for 1-month postsurgical mortality.

Conclusions

Given that the subjects with SZ or SAD, along with most other diagnostic groups examined, had lower postsurgical mortality than PD subjects, it is reasonable to apply existing ethical and clinical guidelines to identify appropriate surgical candidates for inclusion of these patient populations in DBS clinical trials.
Welfare implications on management strategies for rearing dairy calves: A systematic review. Part 1–feeding management
Authors: Carulla Patricia , Villagrá Arantxa , Estellés Fernando , Blanco-Penedo Isabel
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Calves are very susceptible to stress in the early stages of life, and it is necessary to ensure maximum welfare. Feeding management has been identified as a major risk factor for calf health and welfare at this stage. However, the management protocol for calf rearing and its impact on animal welfare is unclear. A systematic review of different management strategies for rearing dairy calves according to the three spheres of animal welfare was conducted using an electronic search strategy. In this review, management strategies were studied to identify scientific gaps, to know the welfare problems of these animals in order to prioritize actions and future research and to study the interpretive approach of this management from the three welfare spheres.

Methods

A protocol was used to analyze and extract information from the studies. Of the 1,783 publications screened, only 351 met the inclusion criteria for the management or welfare of calves' items.

Results

The publications identified in the search can be divided into two main groups feeding and socialization, based on the main topic of the publication. The main topics that emerged from the search in the feeding management group were milk replacer, colostrum, and weaning, divided into the three main areas of biological functioning and health, natural life and affective states or cognitive judgement.

Discussion

The main issues to be addressed were the different types of feed consumed by animals from birth to weaning and the weaning management. It has been found that the most researched issues are colostrum and solid starter feed management. Unresolved issues were highlighted, such as the lack of a clear protocol for the administration of milk replacers to reduce hunger and the best management of weaning to reduce stress.
Management of refractory hypoxemia using recruitment maneuvers and rescue therapies: A comprehensive review
Authors: Bajon Félix , Gauthier Vincent
Published: March 2023

Refractory hypoxemia in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with mechanical ventilation is one of the most challenging conditions in human and veterinary intensive care units. When a conventional lung protective approach fails to restore adequate oxygenation to the patient, the use of recruitment maneuvers and positive end-expiratory pressure to maximize alveolar recruitment, improve gas exchange and respiratory mechanics, while reducing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury has been suggested in people as the open lung approach. Although the proposed physiological rationale of opening and keeping open previously collapsed or obstructed airways is sound, the technique for doing so, as well as the potential benefits regarding patient outcome are highly controversial in light of recent randomized controlled trials. Moreover, a variety of alternative therapies that provide even less robust evidence have been investigated, including prone positioning, neuromuscular blockade, inhaled pulmonary vasodilators, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and unconventional ventilatory modes such as airway pressure release ventilation. With the exception of prone positioning, these modalities are limited by their own balance of risks and benefits, which can be significantly influenced by the practitioner's experience. This review explores the rationale, evidence, advantages and disadvantages of each of these therapies as well as available methods to identify suitable candidates for recruitment maneuvers, with a summary on their application in veterinary medicine. Undoubtedly, the heterogeneous and evolving nature of acute respiratory distress syndrome and individual lung phenotypes call for a personalized approach using new non-invasive bedside assessment tools, such as electrical impedance tomography, lung ultrasound, and the recruitment-to-inflation ratio to assess lung recruitability. Data available in human medicine provide valuable insights that could, and should, be used to improve the management of veterinary patients with severe respiratory failure with respect to their intrinsic anatomy and physiology.
Continuous Semi-Supervised Nonnegative Matrix Factorization
Authors: Lindstrom Michael R. , Ding Xiaofu , Liu Feng , Somayajula Anand , Needell Deanna
Published: March 2023

Nonnegative matrix factorization can be used to automatically detect topics within a corpus in an unsupervised fashion. The technique amounts to an approximation of a nonnegative matrix as the product of two nonnegative matrices of lower rank. In certain applications it is desirable to extract topics and use them to predict quantitative outcomes. In this paper, we show Nonnegative Matrix Factorization can be combined with regression on a continuous response variable by minimizing a penalty function that adds a weighted regression error to a matrix factorization error. We show theoretically that as the weighting increases, the regression error in training decreases weakly. We test our method on synthetic data and real data coming from Rate My Professors reviews to predict an instructor’s rating from the text in their reviews. In practice, when used as a dimensionality reduction method (when the number of topics chosen in the model is fewer than the true number of topics), the method performs better than doing regression after topics are identified—both during training and testing—and it retrains interpretability.
Investigation of the Efficiency of Satellite-Derived LST Data for Mapping the Meteorological Parameters in Istanbul
Authors: Dervisoglu Adalet
Published: March 2023

Land surface temperature (LST) is an essential parameter for studying environmental and ecological processes and climate change at various scales. It is also valuable for studies of evapotranspiration, soil moisture conditions, surface energy balance, and urban heat islands. Since meteorological station data can provide a limited number of point data, satellite images that provide high temporal and spatial resolution LST data in large areas are needed to be used in all these applications. In this study, the usage of satellite-derived LST images was investigated in comparison with meteorological station data measurements in Istanbul, which has heterogeneous urban structures. LST data were obtained from Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. The linear correlation analysis performed between Landsat LST and MODIS LST images gave a high correlation (r = 0.88). In the correlation analysis, hourly air temperature and soil temperature meteorology station data provided by the State Meteorological Service and LST values obtained from images taken from Landsat TM/TIRS and Terra MODIS were used. The correlations between air temperatures and Landsat LST ranged from 0.47–0.95 for 1987–2017 to 0.44–0.80 for MODIS LST for 2000–2017. The correlations between 5 cm soil temperatures and Landsat LST ranged from 0.76–0.93 for 2009–2017 to 0.22–0.61 for MODIS LST 2000–2017. In addition, linear regression models produced with meteorological parameters and LST values were applied to 2022 LST maps to show the spatial distribution of these parameters, and then, accuracy analyses were made.
Thermal Management for Battery Module with Liquid-Cooled Shell Structure under High Charge/Discharge Rates and Thermal Runaway Conditions
Authors: Xu Kangdi , Zhang Hengyun , Zhu Jiajun , Qiu Guojun
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the thermal management of a battery module with a novel liquid-cooled shell structure is investigated under high charge/discharge rates and thermal runaway conditions. The module consists of 4 × 5 cylindrical batteries embedded in a liquid-cooled aluminum shell with multiple flow channels. The battery module thermal management and the suppression of thermal propagation were experimentally examined. The temperature rise of the battery in the discharging process is significantly greater than that in the charging phase. As the coolant flow speed increases, the maximum temperature of the battery module decreases slightly, while the temperature difference remains at the same level, at the expense of a much-increased pressure drop. With the presented liquid-cooled shell, the suppression of thermal propagation was investigated for both internal and corner battery thermal runaway. It is found that the temperature of the adjacent battery can be maintained at under 70 °C, indicating that the propagation of thermal runaway can be successfully suppressed by heat dissipation through the surrounding liquid flow. In addition, the electrically induced thermal profile along the battery interconnection was identified through thermal imaging. Hot spots were found on the confluence busbars of the batteries in series connection. In order to improve the safety of battery modules, a parallel battery connection in the battery module is recommended, which can reduce the busbar temperature by 4.86 °C, as determined through numerical simulations. Experimental measurements were also conducted to verify the simulation results.
Experimental Investigation for the Phase Change Material Barrier Area Effect on the Thermal Runaway Propagation Prevention of Cell-to-Pack Batteries
Authors: Shen Kai , Sun Jieyu , Xu Chengshan , WONG Shaw Kang , Zheng Yuejiu , Jin Changyong , Wang Huaibin , Chen Siqi , Feng Xuning
Published: March 2023

Thermal runaway propagation (TRP) is a primary safety issue in lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications, and the use of a thermal barrier is considered to be a promising solution for TRP prevention. However, the operating conditions of the battery are extremely complicated, such as fast charging, low-temperature heating and thermal runaway. To date, there is no consistent answer as to how to choose the appropriate thermal barrier for such a complicated working environment. In this study, the characteristics of hydrogel based on sodium polyacrylate are explored, and the impact of thermal barrier area on TRP is investigated through experiments. Due to the prismatic battery structure, thermal barriers placed between cells are designed with different areas (148 × 98 mm, 128 × 88 mm, and 108 × 78 mm). The results indicate that test 1 without a placed thermal barrier quickly completes the TRP process, and the thermal runaway (TR) behavior is more violent. With a thermal barrier that does not have full area coverage placed between cells (test 2 and test 3), the propagation time is prolonged, but TRP still occurs. Compared with test 1, the triggered temperature of T2 F (the front surface of cell 2) is reduced by 207.6 °C and 295.2 °C, respectively. The complete area coverage thermal barrier successfully prevents TRP, and the T2 F of cell 2 only reaches 145.4 °C under the phase change by the hydrogel. This study may suggest a safety design for battery modules and prevent propagation among batteries.
Design, Manufacturing and Functions of Pore-Structured Materials: From Biomimetics to Artificial
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Gan Lin , Huang Jin
Published: March 2023

Porous structures with light weight and high mechanical performance exist widely in the tissues of animals and plants. Biomimetic materials with those porous structures have been well-developed, and their highly specific surfaces can be further used in functional integration. However, most porous structures in those tissues can hardly be entirely duplicated, and their complex structure-performance relationship may still be not fully understood. The key challenges in promoting the applications of biomimetic porous materials are to figure out the essential factors in hierarchical porous structures and to develop matched preparation methods to control those factors precisely. Hence, this article reviews the existing methods to prepare biomimetic porous structures. Then, the well-proved effects of micropores, mesopores, and macropores on their various properties are introduced, including mechanical, electric, magnetic, thermotics, acoustic, and chemical properties. The advantages and disadvantages of hierarchical porous structures and their preparation methods are deeply evaluated. Focusing on those disadvantages and aiming to improve the performance and functions, we summarize several modification strategies and discuss the possibility of replacing biomimetic porous structures with meta-structures.
Variable Differential Pressure Control Strategy for Variable Water Flow Air Conditioning Systems
Authors: Zhufang Haoyi , Huang Yu , Dai Yulong , Yang Changzhi
Published: March 2023

In large-scale air conditioning water systems, variable water flow (VWF) control strategies are frequently utilized to conserve energy. This paper presents a variable differential pressure (DP) set-point control strategy for VWF air conditioning systems based on the pipeline characteristic curve. This strategy bifurcates the most unfavorable loop into two segments: the equivalent main pipe (EMP) and the most unfavorable terminal branch pipe (MUTBP). Initially, the impedance of the EMP is obtained by curve fitting the measured values of the water supply and return main pipes (WSRMP), as well as the MUTBP. Subsequently, by calculating the disparity between the DP of the actual pipeline and the DP of the EMP, and comparing it with the DP of the MUTBP, the optimal working condition point for pipeline operation can be identified. Finally, a theoretical calculation is conducted on a typical air conditioning water system. This adjustment strategy achieves an energy-saving rate of 15.27%, 12.10%, and 11.50%, respectively, under the three adjustment conditions of closing the nearest terminal, the middle terminal, and the most unfavorable terminal, as compared with the constant DP set-point control strategy of WSRMP. This strategy boasts fewer control devices, a simple control system, and better operability and engineering applicability than other strategies.
Holoprosencephaly: Review of Embryology, Clinical Phenotypes, Etiology and Management
Authors: Malta Maísa , AlMutiri Rowim , Martin Christine Saint , Srour Myriam
Published: March 2023

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the most common malformation of the prosencephalon in humans. It is characterized by a continuum of structural brain anomalies resulting from the failure of midline cleavage of the prosencephalon. The three classic subtypes of HPE are alobar, semilobar and lobar, although a few additional categories have been added to this original classification. The severity of the clinical phenotype is broad and usually mirrors the radiologic and associated facial features. The etiology of HPE includes both environmental and genetic factors. Disruption of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is the main pathophysiologic mechanism underlying HPE. Aneuploidies, chromosomal copy number variants and monogenic disorders are identified in a large proportion of HPE patients. Despite the high postnatal mortality and the invariable presence of developmental delay, recent advances in diagnostic methods and improvements in patient management over the years have helped to increase survival rates. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge related to HPE, and discuss the classification, clinical features, genetic and environmental etiologies and management.
Increasing the Representation of Women in Diabetes Research
Authors: Riches-Suman Kirsten
Published: March 2023

Approximately half of all people with diabetes are women; however, the inclusion of women at all levels of research on diabetes is lacking. Clinical and pre-clinical trials do not have gender equity despite the differing progression of diabetes complications in women, and fewer women sit in academic or clinical leadership positions in diabetes than men. Whilst this scenario is not unique to diabetes, the purpose of this opinion article is to evaluate women’s position in diabetology and focus on why the drive for gender equity at all levels is important. This article serves as a preface to the upcoming Diabetology Women’s Special Issue Series, which aims to highlight and celebrate the achievements of women and people who identify as women in the hope of raising female voices in diabetes research and practice.
Tracking Multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles through Occlusion in Low-Altitude Airspace
Authors: Memon Sufyan Ali , Son Hungsun , Kim Wan-Gu , Khan Abdul Manan , Shahzad Mohsin , Khan Uzair
Published: March 2023

In an intelligent multi-target tracking (MTT) system, the tracking filter cannot track multi-targets significantly through occlusion in a low-altitude airspace. The most challenging issues are the target deformation, target occlusion and targets being concealed by the presence of background clutter. Thus, the true tracks that follow the desired targets are often lost due to the occlusion of uncertain measurements detected by a sensor, such as a motion capture (mocap) sensor. In addition, sensor measurement noise, process noise and clutter measurements degrade the system performance. To avoid track loss, we use the Markov-chain-two (MC2) model that allows the propagation of target existence through the occlusion region. We utilized the MC2 model in linear multi-target tracking based on the integrated probabilistic data association (LMIPDA) and proposed a modified integrated algorithm referred to here as LMIPDA-MC2. We consider a three-dimensional surveillance for tracking occluded targets, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other autonomous vehicles at low altitude in clutters. We compared the results of the proposed method with existing Markov-chain model based algorithms using Monte Carlo simulations and practical experiments. We also provide track retention and false-track discrimination (FTD) statistics to explain the significance of the LMIPDA-MC2 algorithm.
Existence of Sobolev-Type Hilfer Fractional Neutral Stochastic Evolution Hemivariational Inequalities and Optimal Controls
Authors: Sivasankar Sivajiganesan , Udhayakumar Ramalingam , Muthukumaran Venkatesan , Madhrubootham Saradha , AlNemer Ghada , Elshenhab Ahmed M.
Published: March 2023

This article concentrates on a control system with a nonlocal condition that is driven by neutral stochastic evolution hemivariational inequalities (HVIs) of Sobolev-type Hilfer fractional (HF). In order to illustrate the necessary requirements for the existence of mild solutions to the required control system, we first use the characteristics of the modified Clarke sub-differential and a fixed point approach for multivalued functions. Then, we show that there are optimal state-control sets that are driven by Sobolev-type HF neutral stochastic evolution HVIs utilizing constrained Lagrange optimal systems. The optimal control (OC) results are created without taking the uniqueness of the control system solutions into account. Finally, the main finding is shown by an example.