bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based practice to the forefront: a case study of engineering team Project-Based Learning in an online learning environment
Authors: O'Connor Sean , Power Jason , Blom Nicolaas , Tanner David
Published: May 2023

Approaches such as problem and project-based learning (PBL) are the cornerstone of modern engineering curricula. With a growing need to move these student-centred active learning curricula to online and blended learning environments due to issues including increasing cohort sizes and limited budgets, it is essential that instructional designers in engineering education understand the impacts that these differing mediums may have on student collaboration. This study is the beginning of a body of work with the aim to develop effective teaching and learning strategies for team project-based learning in online and blended learning environments. This case study was carried out in an Irish university in 2021 in a first-year engineering module during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study followed an explanatory mixed methods design in which a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were utilised to collect data. The research data was gathered in two phases. Phase 1 included a questionnaire with both closed- and open-ended questions (N=94). Phase 2 was based on semistructured interviews (N=7). This paper will focus on the qualitative datasets, including the open-ended questions and interviews. After completing a thematic analysis, we identified six themes and eighteen sub-themes that affect students’ perceptions of team project-based learning (PBL) in an online environment. Each of these themes are discussed within this paper. The paper concludes with an outline of future research plans for the ongoing project.
PERAN MUSIK LITURGI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI KAUM MUDA KATOLIK DALAM PERAYAAN EKARISTI
Authors: Sepen Kristian  , Silvester Adinuhgra  , Paulina Maria
Published: May 2023

Skripsi ini berjudul Peran Musik Liturgi dalam Meningkatkan Partisipasi Kaum Muda Katolik dalam Perayaan Ekaristi. Penulis mengangkat judul ini berdasarkan pengamatan  penulis  bahwa kaum  muda Katolik  kurang berminat  atau  kurang bersemangat dalam mengikuti perayaan Ekaristi. Hal ini nampak dari kurangnya partisipasi mereka dalam mengikuti perayaan Ekaristi tersebut. Penyebab salah satunya ialah bahwa perayaan Ekaristi yang mereka ikuti kurang begitu hidup dan kurang menciptakan keindahan serta kemeriahan dalam suatu perayaan tersebut. Sementara kaum muda Katolik adalah generasi yang penuh dengan semangat dan dipenuhi dengan kreativitas yang tinggi. Maka dari itu, untuk menciptakan perayaan Ekaristi yang hidup dan penuh keindahan serta mampu menarik kaum muda Katolik untuk aktif berpartisipasi dalam perayaan Ekaristi perlu adanya musik liturgi. Karena dengan adanya musik liturgi ini akan menyentuh perasaan bagi pemain dan siapapun yang mendengarkannya.
مفهوم الدولة عند ابن المقفع
Authors: الكبسي د. عبدالإله حسين
Published: May 2023

البحث يتناول الفكر السياسي لابن المقفع، ويتطرق إلى نظريته حول الدولة في السياق العربي والإسلامي. يتم تقديم هذه النظرية من خلال رسالتين، الأولى تتعلق بـ “يتمية السلطان” والثانية بـ “الصحابة”. يتم تحليل النصوص والأفكار في الرسالتين للإجابة على ثلاثة أسئلة رئيسية: ما هو مفهوم الدولة المقفعية في الرسالتين؟ ما علاقة الرسالة الصحابة برسالة يتمية السلطان؟ وما هي طبيعة علاقة الكاتب مع مجتمعه ومع حكامه؟
البحث يتطرق أيضاً إلى مفهوم الدولة بمعاني ودلالات الرموز المجازية في رباعية الأسس الاجتماعية: العقل، العدل، الدولة والعافية. يتم استكشاف اختلاف دلالات ومعاني الصور الرمزية لهذه الرباعية، وكذلك حكم العدل بين اختلاف ثلاثية: العقل، الدولة والعافية.
في النهاية، يتم التركيز على فساد السلطان وسياسات إصلاحه بمنهاج ديار المسلمين، ويتم تحديد مظاهر فساد وظائف سلطان ديار المسلمين وسياسات إصلاح سلطان ديار المسلمين.
A Biblioshiny Application Using R On Zakat Index
Authors: Nuraini Irni , Thuba Jazil
Published: May 2023

This study aims to examine research patterns concerning the published zakat index. The studied data came from the Scopus database, which was accessed in its entirety on 13 February 2023. A total of 51 papers were retrieved. The data were analyzed with the Rstudio Bibliometrix program and biblioshiny instruments to determine the research advancements on the Zakat Index. The data demonstrates that the development of zakat index research began in 1994 and has accelerated since 2008. Al-Homaidi, E.A., is the most prolific writer on this subject. Zakat is the most commonly occurring keyword. Malaysia has the highest number of publications and citations on this topic. Malaysia's University Teknologi Mara has the most author affiliations. According to the themes in the zakat index study that has the potential to be expanded, this research has a great deal of room for growth.
Synthesis of MgO nanoparticles for different annealing temperatures and its biomedical applications
Authors: Jaya Srinivasan Annamalai Varathan , Baskaran Iruson , Sathyaseelan Balaraman , Senthilnathan Krishnamoorthy , Manikandan Elayaperumal
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we report the synthesis of MgO nanoparticles (NPs) by the co-precipitation method. The structural properties of the samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction, which revealed that the MgO Nps have a cubic structure. The functional groups of the as-synthesised samples were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optical properties of the as-synthesised samples were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy in the range of 200–800 nm, and the energy bandgap was calculated by the taus relation. The magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) showed significant dose-dependent bactericidal activity in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. From the analysis of the antibacterial and antifungal activities of MgO NPs, it is revealed that the dose is sufficient for killing. These may be used in medical applications.
Safflower (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) Response to Drift Rates of Glyphosate
Authors: Asav Ünal
Published: May 2023

The paper presented the field studies carried out in Ankara during 2017- 2019 to established the safflower responses (Carthamus tinctorius L. var. Remzibey-05) to drift rates of glyphosate. The herbicide at the rate of 18, 9, 4.5 and 1.44 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha-1 was applied at a spray volume of 19.2 L ha-1 to safflower seedlings at 2-4 true leaf stage using a CO2 pressurized knapsack sprayer. Crop injury and yield reduction caused by the herbicide was determined at 28 days after treatment (DAT) and at harvest. As the drift dose of glyphosate increases, the phytotoxicity occurring in the safflower plant also increases and reached to 68.75-73.75% 28 DAT. Yield reduction caused by the lowest drift rate of glyphosate was limited, 13-25%, compared to the nontreated control. At the highest drift dose, the plants could not produce spike and seeds.
Monitoring of Aphids Species in the Potato Crop From “Ţara Bârsei”
Authors: Bărăscu Nina , Donescu Daniela , Donescu Victor , Urdă Camelia
Published: May 2023

With a high capacity for adaptation and colonization in many ecological systems, including crops, aphids are interesting models of study. Aphids can cause damages to potato plants by inducing feeding injuries and transmitting plant viruses. In order to evaluate the fluctuations of aphids in potato crop, an investigation was carried out in area of Ţara Bârsei from Braşov (Romania), using 56 years long time series data. To identify the aphid species and to assess the relevance of their structure and abundance, between the years 1963 and 2018, a study of these pests in potato crop was conducted. Aphid monitoring was carried out using the method of yellow water traps, suitable for studies on aphid population structure, abundance and flight activity. Species were identified using keys for identification of alatae aphids. Great differences were observed on aphid structure, abundance, distribution and flight activity over the studied years. For seed potato crop, the greatest interest was presented by Myzus persicae species, the main viral vector from this crop. The monitoring of aphid populations, the analysis of the abundance of aphid species contribute to the knowledge of the activity and evolution of the aphid fauna specific to potato crops over long periods of time.
ВЕЛИКИЙ ПОЛЕТ КИТАЯ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Песляк А.М.
Published: May 2023

В начале ноября 2022 г. Китай завершил строительство скромной по размерам (но спроектированной с учетом всего предшествующего опыта) трехмодульной космической станции «Тяньгун» и не собирается останавливаться на этом. Успехи страны демонстрируют, что Китай становится второй после США космической сверхдержавой, которая не только повторила ряд достижений СССР, но по некоторым направлениям превзошла их и даже стала мировым чемпионом.
«НАШ ЧЕСНЕЙШИЙ КАПИТАН». ТОМАС БРЕДИМАН И ПРАВО СОЛДАТ НА МЯТЕЖ В АНГЛИИ И РОССИИ ПЕРВОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XVII ВЕКА, "Средние века"
Authors: Русаковский О.В.
Published: May 2023

Статья рассматривает проблему неповиновения и мятежа в военных сообществах XVII в. на материале жизни английского офицера Томаса Бредимана (ум. в 1642 г.). Биография Бредимана реконструирована на основе английских и русских источников. В центре статьи находятся два эпизода. В 1626 г. Бредиман в частном разговоре поносил герцога Бэкингема и призывал к его убийству, за что провел десять месяцев в тюрьме. В 1633 г., находясь на русской службе в английском наемном полку, Бредиман рассорился с его командиром, Томасом Сандерсоном, и был выслан из полка по дороге из Москвы к Смоленску. Сохранившаяся челобитная Бредимана, а также коллективное прошение солдат его роты, вступившихся за своего капитана, позволяют восстановить аргументацию наемников в защиту своего права на неповиновение и мятеж против полковых властей. В статье делаются наблюдения относительно риторики Бредимана и его солдат и их специфического корпоративного самосознания. Анализируются реакция английской королевской власти и русских приказных людей на солдатский бунт, а также особенности коммуникации между Сандерсоном и Бредиманом.
«В ПАМЯТЬ О НАШЕЙ СТАРИННОЙ ДРУЖБЕ И СОЮЗЕ С ФРАНЦУЗСКИМ КОРОЛЕВСТВОМ», "Средние века"
Authors: Данилов И.А.
Published: May 2023

В статье анализируются пять писем курфюрста Саксонии Августа I (1526–1586) к королю Франции Карлу IX Валуа и его матери Екатерине Медичи из собрания рукописей и автографов русского дипломата П.П. Дубровского (1754–1816), которое хранится в Отделе рукописей Российской национальной библиотеки в Санкт-Петербурге. Эти письма являются важными фрагментами обширной дипломатической переписки между лидером протестантских князей Германии и французским королевским двором, стремившимся достичь долгосрочного политического и военного союза с немецкими княжествами в условиях начавшейся во Франции после трехлетнего перемирия так называемой Второй гугенотской войны. Фигура Августа I была привлекательна для французских адресатов благодаря его многолетней дружбе с императором Священной Римской империи Максимилианом II, с которым Валуа искали союза в противовес испанским Габсбургам. В письмах, датированных 1567–1568 гг., упоминаются такие значимые события, как осада и взятие Готы, казнь имперского рыцаря Вильгельма фон Грумбаха, пленение Саксонского герцога Иоганна Фридриха II, попытка гугенотов захватить Карла IX и Екатерину Медичи в Мо, битва при Сен-Дени и др., дается их оценка курфюрстом Саксонским с последующими посредническими предложениями по выходу из военно-политического конфликта во Франции.
Vegetative Propagation of Sandalwood (Santalum album L.): A Review
Authors: Teja T. V. Ravi , Varma Suraj , Johar Vishal , Singh Vikram , Rao M. Venkateshwara
Published: May 2023

Vegetative propagation is a fantastic way to improve the quality of the forest tree planting stock. It is often used in seed orchards and clone banks as a method of genotype preservation. Vegetative propagation is the greatest option when low quality seed and poor germination rates limit the availability of planting stock and quality. This review article discusses different vegetative propagation methods, including macro-propagation by cuttings, micropropagation through tissue culture, and grafting. Having insufficient knowledge and experience is the biggest obstacle to employing vegetative propagation. Therefore, an effort was made to outline several techniques together with their history and significance.
Pest-Defender Abundance under Evaluation of Ecofriendly Insecticides against Major Insect Pests of Rice in Eastern Uttar Pradesh Conditions
Authors: Morya Gyan Prakash , Kumar Rajnish
Published: May 2023

The present study was analyzed the abundance of pest: defender ratio (P:D) over check plot under evaluation of ecofriendly insecticides against the major insect pests of rice in eastern Uttar Pradesh conditions for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015) at farmer field of district Deoria under the supervision of Department of Entomology, B.R.D.P.G. College, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India. There were 10 treatments (09 insecticides + 01 check) evaluated under randomized block design (RBD) by transplanting method of rice cultivation on localized popular rice cultivar Samba Mahsuri (BPT-5204). The insecticide treatments comprise 9 insecticides (CartapHcl, 50 SP, Indoxacarb 14.5 SC, Imidacloprid 17.8 SL, Chlorpyriphos 20 EC, Thiamethoxam 25 WG, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Azadirachtin (Neem Oil) 0.03 EC, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) 3.5 WP, and combination of Neem Oil 0.03 EC + Btk 3.5 WP).This evaluation was observed most effective ecofriendly insecticides concerned to lowest pest: defender ratio (P:D), lowest abundance of pest: defender ratio (P:D) over check plot, and highest yield. The inferences of pest: defender abundance ratio (P:D) over check plot and yield of rice crop were based on non-significant ecofriendly insecticides for the lowest pest: defender ratio (P:D). There were 2 insecticides (Neem Oil + Btk and Imidacloprid) inference non-significant for the lowest abundance of pest: defender ratio (P:D) over check plot. The mean ranking and inference of abundance of pest: defender ratio (P:D) over check was similar to the inference of non-significant ecofriendly insecticides for lowest pest: defender ratio (P:D) as, Neem Oil + Btk and Imidacloprid respectively.
Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Evaluation of Anarcardium occidentale Root Collected in Agbani, Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Chekwube Adonu Cyril , Jude Ali Ibeabuchi , Chijioke Omeh Romanus , Nonye Ujam Treasure , Hannah Okorie Ndidiamaka , Celestine Ugwu Obiora , Maduabuchi Okonkwo Raymond , Chidubem Okonkwo
Published: May 2023

Background: Different parts of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) are used in folk medicine to treat dysentery, diarrhea piles, toothache and sore gums. Evaluation of phytoconstituents or novel compounds from the plant is highly needed to authenticate these claims.

Aim: The aim of the research was to conduct phytochemical analysis and antibacterial evaluations of extract and fractions of root of Anarcadium occidentale got from Agbani.

Methods: The pulverized material was extracted with methanol using cold maceration method. Solvent fractions were obtained using separating funnel based on liquid-liquid extraction technique starting with non-polar to high polar solvent. The cup-plate agar diffusion was used to conduct preliminary antibacterial evaluation of the extract and fractions. Agar dilution and streaking on the solid agar techniques were used to evaluate the test extract and fractions against some selected bacteria for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) respectively.

Results: The phytochemical screening of the extract and fractions showed that terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, fat and oil, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins were present. The preliminary evaluations of the agent showed promising activity by producing inhibition zone diameter (IZD) ranging from 10 + 0.66 to 20 + 0.98 mm. The MIC and MBC of the test extract and fractions against the test bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Salm typhi, Bacillus subtilis.  Salmonella. spp and Proteus. mirabils – ranged from 0.0025-0.040 mg/mL and  0.020 – 0.080 mg/mL respectively.

Conclusion: Our study showed that the extract and fractions of the cashew root possess promising antimicrobial activity. This suggests that the agents may provide novel compounds for antibacterial drug development research.
Evaluation of Acne Prevalence and Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding this Disease among Students of Health Related Colleges at University of Jordan
Authors: Zrekat Mu'ath A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease involving pilosebaceous unit of skin, considered commonest dermatological disease, accounts for 16% of the global dermatological burden. Despite that, acne has a lot of circulating misbelieves and misconceptions with poor practice and attitude, unfortunately no local study to address these issues among students. This study conducted to evaluate prevalence of acne vulgaris and to assess knowledge attitude and practice.

Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study conducted in Amman, capital of Jordan from January 2022 to April 2022 among students of health-related colleges at university of Jordan. Sample consisted of 600 students distributed among 5 colleges, each participant answered structured questionnaire containing 33 items.

Results: Sample consisted of 600 students, 55.8% were males, 44.2% were females, with 36.7% prevalence of acne. Mean age and standard deviation was21.75±1.99 years. Significant association was found between acne and younger age (p = 0.016), and lower income (p = .002).  Around 60% of sample had poor knowledge score with significant relation between students' score and age group (p = .002), gender (p = <.001), and students' college (p = .014).

Discussion and Conclusion: First observation of our study was the significantly low knowledge of students, only forty percent had good score with risk for poor score associated with younger age, and male sex. In general students' attitude and practice was favorable with few exceptions. Implications to our study include awareness-raising campaigns directed at younger age groups, while ensuring education on correct management including attitude and practice.
Microbiological Assessment of Rainwater and Air Quality of Some Areas in Port Harcourt
Authors: Owhonka Aleruchi, , Otokin Nlerum, Godshalom , Victor K. Robinson, , Chibuike Okafor, Afam
Published: May 2023

The microbiological quality of Rainwater and air of the market, hospital, and residential area was evaluated. Roof-harvested and direct rainwater samples were collected from the three aforementioned locations. The air quality was investigated using the plate sedimentation method. Culture-based techniques were used for the enumeration and isolation of microorganisms in water samples, while the identities were confirmed using morphological, microscopic, and biochemical tests. The range of the total heterotrophic bacterial counts (THBC) of rainwater was 1.2±7.1x106 to 6.1±1.1 x106 cfu/ml, total coliform count (TCC) ranged between 8.0±0.00 x103 to 30.5 ±2.1 x103 cfu/ml, faecal coliform counts (FCC) ranged between 1.0±0.00×103 to 6.0±0.00×103 cfu/ml, fungal counts ranged from 2.0±0.00x103 to 11.0±0.00x103 cfu/ml.  The THB, TCC, and FCC of the air samples, ranged between 0.04±0.02 to 0.13±0.04 cfu/min-m2, 0.01±0.00to 0.03±0.00 cfu/min-m2, and 0.01±0.00 to 0.02±0.00 cfu/min-m2, respectively. There was a significant difference (P≤ 0.05) in the total heterotrophic bacterial load of the roof-harvested rainwater and the direct rainwater of the residential area, roof-harvested and direct rainwater of the hospital. Statistically, there was a significant difference (P≤ 0.05) in the total coliform counts of the water with the coliform counts of the roof-harvested rainwater of the market being significantly higher than the coliform counts recorded in other locations. Seven bacterial genera belonging to Micrococcus sp, Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter sp, and Bacillus sp were isolated. The fungal isolates were Candida sp, Mucor sp, Rhizopus sp, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. The results showed that rainwater is not fit for consumption due to its components and can cause harm to individuals if consumed without treatment. proper treatment is recommended before consumption. The results also showed that the microbiological quality of the air samples was influenced by their environment.
Responsabilidade Social Acadêmica e a sua Relação com os Produtos Tecnológicos do Programa PROFNIT/FORTEC
Authors: Schuh André , Takimi Samanta Popow , Dewes Mariana de Freitas
Published: May 2023

O valor que a responsabilidade social acadêmica possui para as Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras ultrapassa a sua retórica. A partir dessa premissa, a pesquisa se desenvolveu e investigou de que forma foi concebida a responsabilidade social do Programa PROFNIT/FORTEC, utilizando-se de uma amostra com 160 Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso, apresentados como pré-requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Propriedade Intelectual e Transferência de Tecnologia para Inovação. Foram analisados o resumo, o método e as conclusões, desse modo, foi identificada nos produtos tecnológicos a presença da responsabilidade social. O resultado que se comprovou é que existe um ganho social, certificado por meio de um selo de autenticidade estabelecido pelo Programa, que assegura a entrega de um produto acadêmico, aplicável no contexto empresarial e com utilidade social, pois este produziu impactos ao mudar comportamentos e as atitudes de pessoas ou organizações que se apropriaram dos produtos tecnológicos desenvolvidos.
Prospecção Tecnológica Voltada para o Agronegócio
Authors: Lucas Fernando , Campos Fred Leite Siqueira
Published: May 2023

Este trabalho é o resultado de uma prospecção tecnológica em banco de dados de patentes, por meio da plataforma de pesquisa PatSeer Pro. O tema envolve o agronegócio, nos aspectos tecnológicos que estão sendo desenvolvidos e aplicados dentro do contexto do Agro 4.0, sendo as tecnologias de interesse da pesquisa aquelas relacionadas com a Internet das Coisas, Inteligência Artificial, big data e aprendizado de máquina. A pesquisa compreendeu uma busca por documentos patentários de ambas as naturezas, a saber: patentes de invenção e modelos de utilidade, sendo a busca definida por palavras-chave e filtro temporal, que, ao final, retornou 591 documentos, os quais compõem um portfólio único e que foi analisado graficamente, trazendo os principais aspectos tecnológicos dentro do campo pesquisado. Do resultado da prospecção tecnológica, é possível identificar que a Índia (IN) vem se destacando no desenvolvimento das tecnologias que se relacionam às palavras-chave utilizadas, obtendo atualmente elevada taxa de crescimento nos depósitos de patentes, inclusive superando a China (CN), maior depositante dentro do campo tecnológico pesquisado. Ademais, dentro do escopo do Agro 4.0, a principal tecnologia em que os depositantes mais buscam por proteção patentária relaciona-se com o Big Data Agrícola.
Mapeamento de Tecnologias Direcionadas à Prevenção de Lesão por Pressão Alinhadas às Diretrizes Internacionais
Authors: Coelho Paulo Henrique Santos , Oliveira Rosinei de Sousa , Santos Gabriela Bianchi dos
Published: May 2023

Uma lesão por pressão é um dano na pele ou no tecido subjacente ocasionado pela pressão em excesso. Neste estudo, objetivou-se o mapeamento de tecnologias profiláticas em conformidade com a Diretriz Internacional de Prevenção e Tratamento de Lesão por Pressão. Para isso, a metodologia seguiu as etapas da prospecção e, por meio de quatro bases de dados (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e Questel Orbit), foram feitas buscas por documentos situados entre os anos de 2009 e 2021. Entre as bases científicas, foram selecionados 45 artigos por meio dos quais se constatou um predomínio do uso de curativos profiláticos. Na base Questel Orbit, foram selecionadas 29 patentes, nas quais se verificou um volume considerável de tecnologias relacionadas à suspensão do calcanhar. Neste estudo, a China foi o país que demonstrou as menores taxas de ocorrência da lesão, o que fortalece a importância de seguir as recomendações da diretriz.
Desafios na Identificação de Patentes em Domínio Público no Brasil
Authors: Alvarez Larissa de Oliveira , Filgueiras Rogério , Angeli Renata
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho buscou identificar as circunstâncias que levam um pedido de patente/patente ao domínio público no Brasil e quantos dos pedidos de patente depositados no Brasil se encontram em tais circunstâncias. Utilizando uma abordagem quali-quantitativa, a pesquisa de natureza aplicada e caráter descritivo e exploratório elaborou uma correspondência entre a Lei n. 9.279/1996 e a Tabela de Códigos de Despachos de Patentes utilizada pelo Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI) a partir da revisão textual dos dois documentos. O resultado foi a delimitação de 13 circunstâncias e o retorno de 137.665 processos depositados no país entre 1990 e junho de 2022 nessas condições. Ao longo do estudo, também foram verificados os desafios advindos da incerteza gerada pela descrição dúbia e genérica de alguns dos códigos de despachos e pela falta de informações e dados oficiais sobre o tema.
Materiais Inovadores Aplicados à Revelação de Impressões Digitais Latentes: uma prospecção tecnológica no contexto mundial das ciências forenses
Authors: Melo Jeane Caroline da Silva , Silva Adriano Ananias da , Ribeiro Adriana Santos , Tonholo Josealdo
Published: May 2023

As nanopartículas e os polímeros conjugados se destacam como materiais inovadores na revelação de impressões digitais latentes. A pesquisa em torno desses novos materiais busca contornar os principais desafios enfrentados pelos protocolos convencionais. Assim, bases de dados de patentes e artigos foram utilizadas buscando relacionar a Ciência Forense ao uso de nanopartículas e de polímeros conjugados aplicados à revelação de impressões digitais, no intuito de apresentar um panorama atual das pesquisas desenvolvidas nessa área. Foram observados o crescimento das pesquisas nas últimas décadas, o desenvolvimento de novos materiais e metodologias, os principais países desenvolvedores desse conhecimento, assim como os principais campos tecnológicos envolvidos nessas pesquisas. A análise desses dados pode indicar quais materiais apresentam um maior potencial, como carbon dots, quantum dots, nanomateriais terras raras, polipirrol e poli(3,4-etilenodioxitiofeno), nos quais se concentram as pesquisas e em que grau de maturidade elas se encontram, auxiliando os pesquisadores no desenvolvimento de novas metodologias.
Mapeamento do Ambiente da Transferência de Tecnologia nas Universidades Brasileiras
Authors: Fanhaimpork Dinorvan , Melo Daniel Reis Armond de
Published: May 2023

O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar o contexto, interno e externo, da transferência de tecnologia nas universidades brasileiras de modo a auxiliar os tomadores de decisão e a agregar valor às instituições. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo mediante pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados Scopus. Os resultados da análise bibliométrica apontam para o deslocamento das pesquisas dos temas conceituais para aqueles de base econômica. Ao analisar o contexto interno das universidades, identificou-se que fatores relacionados a aspectos estruturais, conhecimento agregado e gestão da tecnologia compõem as vantagens e as forças disponíveis. Por outro lado, fatores relacionados à pesquisa aplicada, proteção da tecnologia, capacidade da gestão e instrumentos legais são fraquezas que podem produzir efeitos negativos. Em relação ao ambiente externo, foram identificadas oportunidades agrupadas em fontes e insumos, negócio, operadores e sistema. As ameaças externas estão relacionadas ao nível de conhecimento, valor e políticas e burocracia. Os resultados contribuem para que as universidades redesenhem a sua missão e desenvolvam mais atividades de comercialização das suas tecnologias.
A Redução de CO2 no Setor de Aviação Brasileiro
Authors: Cesca Joyce , Mendonça Fabrício Molica de , Siqueira Paulo Henrique de Lima , Campos Fabrício Pablo Virgínio de
Published: May 2023

A intensificação do efeito estufa ocasionado pelas ações do homem tem contribuído na promoção de fenômenos catastróficos. Nesse sentido, diversos setores têm proposto e implementado medidas para minimizar esses efeitos. O setor de aviação tem desenvolvido estratégias, como o programa Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), criado pela Organização da Aviação Civil Internacional (OACI) para compensação e redução de CO2. O presente estudo teve por finalidade analisar os meios opcionais, utilizados pelo setor de aviação, para atender as diretrizes da OACI. Para atingir os objetivos do estudo, realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica e patentária nos sites Patentscope e INPI. Os resultados mostraram que são meios para reduzir a emissão de CO2: a promoção de políticas públicas, o desenvolvimento de motores e de modelos de aeronaves mais modernas, o uso de biocombustíveis, as medidas de mitigação de emissões pelas atividades nos aeroportos e a aquisição de crédito de carbono.
Considerations of Sex and Gender in FDA Tobacco Regulation
Authors: Davis Danielle R. , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , Mazure Carolyn M.
Published: May 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how sex and gender subpopulations may be differentially affected by tobacco products and suggests that the FDA formulate regulations in clinically meaningful ways.
Understanding Clinician Trust in Health Care Organizations Should Be a Research Priority
Authors: Baron Richard J. , Simpson Lisa
Published: May 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the urgent need to build trust between physicians and the organizations in which they work.
Pharmacy Availability of Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment in the US
Authors: Weiner Scott G. , Qato Dima M. , Faust Jeremy Samuel , Clear Brian
Published: May 2023

This cross-sectional study assesses the availability of buprenorphine for opioid use disorder treatment at local pharmacies in the US by state and retail pharmacy chain.
High‐Energy Storage Density and Efficiency of the xBi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3‐(1 − x)(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 (0.08 ≤ x ≤ 0.14) Lead‐Free Perovskite Structured Ceramics
Authors: Pang Li-Xia , Ren Sen , Wang Xiao-Long , Zhou Di , Liu Wei-Guo , Singh Charanjeet , Sombra Antonio Sergio Bezerra , Darwish Moustafa Adel
Published: May 2023

The compounds xBi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3‐(1 − x)(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3 (xBMN‐(1 − x)BST, 0.08 ≤ x ≤ 0.14) are prepared via the traditional solid‐state reaction method and the ceramics are well densified in the sintering temperature range of 1280–1330 °C. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that all the ceramics crystallize into perovskite structure. Proper amounts of BMN additions can effectively reduce grain sizes of the xBMN‐(1 − x)BST ceramics, resulting in more uniform microstructures. Accordingly, breakdown strength Eb is improved and a maximum value 250 kV cm−1 is obtained in ceramic with x = 0.10. Meanwhile, recoverable energy storage density Wrec of the 0.1BMN‐0.9BST ceramics reaches 2.03 J cm−3, and energy storage efficiency (η) is 96.8%. When the operating temperature increases to 150 °C, the Wrec and η values are about 1.02 J cm−3 under 150 kV cm−1 and 89.8%, respectively.
Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes with Ultra‐Efficient Excited‐State Nonradiative Decay for Synergistic Photothermal Immunotherapy
Authors: Xia Xiang , Shi Chao , He Shan , Wang Ran , Zhang Zongwei , Hu Yingqi , Cao Jianfang , Liu Ting , Zhou Danhong , Sun Wen , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun
Published: May 2023

Organic dyes in the excited singlet state (S1) decay via intersystem crossing (ISC) to the triplet state, radiative dissipation as fluorescence, or nonradiative decay for thermal deactivation. Although many studies are conducted to improve ISC and fluorescence efficiency, few have optimized S1 decay via thermal deactivation, which is crucial for designing photothermal agents. A strategy for inhibiting radiative decay and ISC by introducing electron withdraw groups (EWGs) into the meso position of heptamethine cyanines (Cy7) is reported here, which allows S1 energy decay via nonradiative relaxation. The decrease in the electron density of Cy7 caused by EWGs improved the photostability, which is important for biological applications because conventional cyanine dyes are easily photobleached. The EWG substitutes acted as efficient rotation groups with low‐energy barriers, narrowing the energy gap between S1 and the ground state and considerably improving the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE). The PCE of CF3cy with the strongest EWG is increased up to 83%. Liposome is used as a carrier to improve the biocompatibility and tumor retention of CF3cy, which is combined with the toll‐like receptor agonist resiquimod (R848) for synergistic photothermal immunotherapy against both primary and distant tumors and elicits a long‐lasting immunological memory effect.
An Emerging Nanozyme Class for à la carte Enzymatic‐Like Activities based on Protein‐Metal Nanocluster Hybrids
Authors: López‐Domene Rocío , Vázquez‐Díaz Silvia , Modin Evgenii , Beloqui Ana , Cortajarena Aitziber L.
Published: May 2023

In this study, the goal is to fabricate robust and highly efficient peroxidase‐like nanozymes that can ultimately be assembled into films for their easy reuse in catalytic cycles. Nanozymes are designed by mimicking the strategy adopted by metalloproteins to accommodate metal cofactors within their protein structure. The engineered consensus tetratricopeptide repeat (CTPR) protein module is selected as the scaffold to guide the growth and the stabilization of a library of in situ synthesized metal nanoclusters. A deep investigation of the interplay between the composition and function of the nanozymes reveals the impact of the protein templates and nanocluster composition on the peroxidase‐like activity of the hybrids. Moreover, among a total of 24 hybrids, a top‐performing nanozyme results from the growth of Au/Pt bimetallic nanoclusters on a CTPR protein with engineered histidine coordination sites. These nanozymes exhibit improved thermostability and resistance to hydrogen peroxide compared to natural peroxidases like horseradish peroxidase. Finally, it shows the easy fabrication of nanozyme composite films guided throughout the intrinsic self‐assembling properties of the CTPR scaffold. These heterogeneous solid materials are reused in several reaction cycles without significant loss of the catalytic performance, proving these protein‐templated nanozymes as an advantageous alternative to natural enzymes.
High‐Sensitivity Flexible Thermocouple Sensor Arrays Via Printing and Photonic Curing
Authors: Mallick Md Mofasser , Franke Leonard , Rösch Andres Georg , Hussein Mohamed , Long Zhongmin , Eggeler Yolita M. , Lemmer Uli
Published: May 2023

Despite remarkable advances, high‐performance thermoelectric (TE) materials‐based thermocouples (TCs) lack mechanical robustness and flexibility. Hence, conventional low Seebeck coefficient metals (Ni, Cu, Fe) wire‐junction‐based TCs are used for temperature sensor applications. However, not only the sensitivity of the metal‐based TC sensor is low, but also it is very difficult to fabricate a pixelated sensor using the conventional approach. In this study, high‐performance (SbBi)2(TeSe)3‐based printed flexible TE materials are employed to fabricate two types of shape‐conformable TC‐based temperature sensor arrays with 25 pixels (TSA I and TSA II). Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3‐based p‐type (p‐BST) printed TE film and copper are used to fabricate TSA I, and the p‐type film together with the Bi2Te2.7Se0.3‐based n‐type (n‐BT) film is used to fabricate TSA II. A high average sensitivity (Sexp) value of ≈124 µV °C−1 for TSA I and ≈319 µV °C−1 for TSA II is attained with high linearity.
Cell Shape and Forces in Elastic and Structured Environments: From Single Cells to Organoids
Authors: Link Rabea , Weißenbruch Kai , Tanaka Motomu , Bastmeyer Martin , Schwarz Ulrich S.
Published: May 2023

With the advent of mechanobiology, cell shape and forces have emerged as essential elements of cell behavior and fate, in addition to biochemical factors such as growth factors. Cell shape and forces are intrinsically linked to the physical properties of the environment. Extracellular stiffness guides migration of single cells and collectives as well as differentiation and developmental processes. In confined environments, cell division patterns are altered, cell death or extrusion might be initiated, and other modes of cell migration become possible. Tools from materials science such as adhesive micropatterning of soft elastic substrates or direct laser writing of 3D scaffolds have been established to control and quantify cell shape and forces in structured environments. Herein, a review is given on recent experimental and modeling advances in this field, which currently moves from single cells to cell collectives and tissue. A very exciting avenue is the combination of organoids with structured environments, because this will allow one to achieve organotypic function in a controlled setting well suited for long‐term and high‐throughput culture.
Controlling Solvation and Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Formation to Enhance Lithium Interfacial Kinetics at Low Temperatures
Authors: Yoon Sun Geun , Cavallaro Kelsey Anne , Park Byoung Joon , Yook Hyunwoo , Han Jeong Woo , McDowell Matthew T.
Published: May 2023

Operation of lithium‐based batteries at low temperatures (<0 °C) is challenging due to transport limitations as well as sluggish Li+ kinetics at the electrode interface. The complicated relationships among desolvation, charge transfer, and transport through the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at low temperatures are not well understood, hindering electrolyte development. Here, an ether/hydrofluoroether and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)‐based ternary solvent electrolyte is developed to improve Li cycling at low temperatures (Coulombic efficiency of 93.3% at ‐40 °C), and the influence of the local solvation structure on interfacial Li+ kinetics and SEI chemistry is further revealed. The hydrofluoroether cosolvent allows for modulation of the solvation structure, thereby enabling facile Li+ desolvation while forming an inorganic‐rich SEI, which are both beneficial for lowering Li+ kinetic barriers at the interface. This cosolvent also increases the oxidative stability of the electrolyte to over 4.0 V versus Li/Li+, thereby enabling cycling of NMC‐based full cells at −40 °C. This study advances the understanding of the influence of Li+ solvation structure, SEI chemistry, and interfacial Li+ kinetics on Li electrochemistry at low temperatures, providing new design considerations for creating effective low‐temperature electrolyte systems.
Ultrathin Conductive Bithiazole‐Based Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Electrochemical Biosensing
Authors: Wei Wenbo , Zhou Shenghua , Ma Dong‐Dong , Li Qing , Ran Maoyin , Li Xiaofang , Wu Xin‐Tao , Zhu Qi‐Long
Published: May 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with unique structural merits show substantial potential in the construction of biosensors. However, high‐performance COF‐based biosensors have rarely been reported due to special requirements for electrochemical biosensing. Here, the ultrathin nitrogen and sulfur‐rich bithiazole‐based COF nanosheets (COF‐Bta‐NSs) with the thickness of ≈1.95 nm are developed by using an interfacial perturbation growth strategy, and are further integrated with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) through strong supramolecular interactions to construct a high‐performance biosensor for organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) detection. By virtue of the excellent electrical conductivity and abundant edge unsaturated sites of COF‐Bta‐NSs, such unique biosensors can be used for the detection of various OPs, showing a wide detection range, ultralow detection limit, and high stability. Significantly, the portable biosensing device is further set up based on commercialized screen‐printed electrode (SPE), which is sensitive and reliable with the actual samples collected from river water and leafy vegetables, confirming the practical applicability. This research provides a novel insight into the development of advanced COF‐based biosensors with excellent performance for biological and environmental analysis.
Liquid Crystal Materials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhang Zhuohao , Yang Xinyuan , Zhao Yuanjin , Ye Fangfu , Shang Luoran
Published: May 2023

Liquid crystal is a state of matter being intermediate between solid and liquid. Liquid crystal materials exhibit both orientational order and fluidity. While liquid crystals have long been highly recognized in the display industry, in recent decades, liquid crystals provide new opportunities into the cross‐field of material science and biomedicine due to their biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and responsiveness. In this review, the latest achievements of liquid crystal materials applied in biomedical fields are summarized. The start is made by introducing the basic concepts of liquid crystals, and then shifting to the components of liquid crystals as well as functional materials derived therefrom. After that, the ongoing and foreseeable applications of liquid crystal materials in the biomedical field with emphasis put on several cutting‐edge aspects, including drug delivery, bioimaging, tissue engineering, implantable devices, biosensing, and wearable devices are discussed. It is hoped that this review will stimulate ingenious ideas for the future generation of liquid crystal‐based drug development, artificial implants, disease diagnosis, health status monitoring, and beyond.
Surface Restructuring of Zeolite‐Encapsulated Halide Perovskite to Activate Lattice Oxygen Oxidation for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Ren Xiangrong , Zhai Yiyue , Wang Peijun , Xu Zhuo , Gao Shiqin , Chen Xiao , Gu Qinfen , Wang Bolun , Li Jiyang , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: May 2023

Metal‐halide perovskites possess great potential for electrochemical water splitting that has not been realized due to their intolerance to water. Here, methylammonium lead halide perovskites (MAPbX3) are used to electrocatalyze water oxidation in aqueous electrolytes by creating MAPbX3@AlPO‐5 host–guest composites. Due to the protective feature of the zeolite matrix, halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) confined in aluminophosphate AlPO‐5 zeolites achieve an excellent stability in water. The resultant electrocatalyst undergoes dynamic surface restructuring during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with the formation of an edge‐sharing α‐PbO2 active layer. The existence of charge‐transfer interactions at the MAPbX3/α‐PbO2 interface significantly modulates the surface electron density of the α‐PbO2 and optimizes the adsorption free energy of oxygen‐containing intermediate species. Furthermore, the soft‐lattice nature of halide perovskites enables more facile triggering of lattice‐oxygen oxidation of nanostructured α‐PbO2, exhibiting pH‐dependent OER activity and non‐concerted proton‐electron transfer for MAPbX3@AlPO‐5 composite. As a result, the developed MAPbBr3@AlPO‐5 composite manifests an ultralow overpotential of 233 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH. These findings offer facile access to halide perovskite applied to water electrolysis with enhanced intrinsic activity, providing a new paradigm for designing high‐efficiency OER electrocatalysts.
Formation of Amorphous Iron‐Calcium Phosphate with High Stability
Authors: Chen Song , Liu Dachuan , Fu Le , Ni Bing , Chen Zongkun , Knaus Jennifer , Sturm Elena V. , Wang Bohan , Haugen Håvard Jostein , Yan Hongji , Cölfen Helmut , Li Bin
Published: May 2023

Amorphous iron‐calcium phosphate (Fe‐ACP) plays a vital role in the mechanical properties of teeth of some rodents, which are very hard, but its formation process and synthetic route remain unknown. Here, the synthesis and characterization of an iron‐bearing amorphous calcium phosphate in the presence of ammonium iron citrate (AIC) are reported. The iron is distributed homogeneously on the nanometer scale in the resulting particles. The prepared Fe‐ACP particles can be highly stable in aqueous media, including water, simulated body fluid, and acetate buffer solution (pH 4). In vitro study demonstrates that these particles have good biocompatibility and osteogenic properties. Subsequently, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is utilized to consolidate the initial Fe‐ACP powders. The results show that the hardness of the ceramics increases with the increase of iron content, but an excess of iron leads to a rapid decline in hardness. Calcium iron phosphate ceramics with a hardness of 4 GPa can be achieved, which is higher than that of human enamel. Furthermore, the ceramics composed of iron‐calcium phosphates show enhanced acid resistance. This study provides a novel route to prepare Fe‐ACP, and presents the potential role of Fe‐ACP in biomineralization and as starting material to fabricate acid‐resistant high‐performance bioceramics.
Multifunctional and High‐Performance FAPBI3 Quantum Dots/Graphene UV Photodetectors by the Modulation of Photoconductivity
Authors: Shen Jun‐Hao , Yu Xiu‐Qi , Tu Wei‐Chen
Published: May 2023

Low‐dimensional devices with different photoconductive effects attract much attention in optoelectronics. In this work, negative photoconductivity (NPC) monolayer graphene photodetectors are fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and a positive photoconductivity (PPC) photodetector is realized by decorating perovskite FAPbI3 quantum dots prepared by a simple and cost‐effective non‐polar solvent synthesis method on a graphene surface. The graphene‐based photodetector exhibits an NPC characteristic, which is attributed to the absorption and desorption of water molecules on the graphene surface. The responsivity of the photodetector with an NPC characteristic is −0.86 A W−1 under intense ultraviolet light irradiation, and the detectivity is −2.45 × 109 Jones. The FAPbI3 quantum dots/graphene photodetector with a PPC feature has a responsivity of 8.03 A W−1 and a detectivity of 1.89 × 1010 Jones under the irradiation of ultraviolet light of 365 nm and 55.3 mW cm−2 intensity. Due to the intense light absorption of perovskite combined with the extremely high mobility of graphene, photodetectors have high exciton separation and photocurrents when the devices are irradiated by ultraviolet light. Individual photodetectors are successfully created with NPC and PPC effects; the critical analysis for the different photoconductive mechanisms is provided, which will benefit the development of future multifunctional systems.
Electrocatalytic Synthesis of Nylon‐6 Precursor at Almost 100 % Yield
Authors: Wu Yandong , Chen Wei , Jiang Yimin , Xu Yanzhi , Zhou Bo , Xu Leitao , Xie Chao , Yang Ming , Qiu Mengyi , Wang Dongdong , Liu Qie , Liu Qinghua , Wang Shuangyin , Zou Yuqin
Published: May 2023

Synthesis of cyclohexanone oxime via the cyclohexanone‐hydroxylamine process is widespread in the caprolactam industry, which is an upstream industry for nylon‐6 production. However, there are two shortcomings in this process, harsh reaction conditions and the potential danger posed by explosive hydroxylamine. In this study, we presented a direct electrosynthesis of cyclohexanone oxime using nitrogen oxides and cyclohexanone, which eliminated the usage of hydroxylamine and demonstrated a green production of caprolactam. With the Fe electrocatalysts, a production rate of 55.9 g h−1 gcat−1 can be achieved in a flow cell with almost 100 % yield of cyclohexanone oxime. The high efficiency was attributed to their ability of accumulating adsorbed hydroxylamine and cyclohexanone. This study provides a theoretical basis for electrocatalyst design for C−N coupling reactions and illuminates the tantalizing possibility to upgrade the caprolactam industry towards safety and sustainability.