bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DAMPAK DEPRESIASI RUPIAH TERHADAP DAYA SAING DAN TINGKAT PROTEKSI KOMODITAS PADI DI KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: Putradi Jarek
Published: April 2018

Fulfilling the food stock became as one of the strategic role agriculture Being the most important part as motors local economy. As illustrated the demand for rice in Badung regency which has population 602.700, and rate of rice consumption 91,88 kg percapita/year is 55.376,08 ton/year The future policy of national development in the agricultural sector is faced with a change of political order and the globalization challange. The aim of this study is to determine the competitiveness of paddy in terms of the cost of domestic resources, analyzed the government's policy regarding the protection to the producers, and other policies related to improving the competitiveness of the comodities in order to achieve food self-sufficiency in Badung regency. Data was collected by proporsional random sampling and Policy Analysis Matrix=PAM was developed for further analysis. The result showed that farmer’s activity in Badung still have competitive in financial and comparative advantage. However, the incorporation effect of policy transfer showing that both farmers and comodity system encounter 24% of declining protection. Financial and economic competitive was susceptive to exchance rate, price of output, subsidy of input and declining of prodcutivity. The output policy from anticipate depreciation of rupiah still not prosper to farmers. output subsidy that is equivalent to the it shadow price urged to do.
Keywords: Depreciation, competitive, protection, paddy, Badung regency.
PERENCANAAN BAHAN BAKU DAN HASIL PRODUKSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE LINIER PROGRAMMING SIMPLEK
Authors: Handayani Monika , Dewi Eka Kusuma
Published: April 2018

CV. Baja Utama Landasan Ulin is a business entity that manufactures various products using the basic ingredients of iron. In the management of raw materials for the production of common regulatory process raw materials into sections for further processing. This setting is often done manually without doing careful planning, so that at the end of each production process there are many remaining pieces of the raw materials that should be used in production. In addition to the determination of the production is necessary to reference how the product should be made for each type of existing products. This is often an important factor that pushed for the optimization of production planning in determining the number of products for each type of product and raw material consumption.Linear Programming is one of the methods used in production planning to regulate the use of raw materials is limited. Simplex method is part of the linear programming method that can be used in the production planning system implementation. Simplex method identifies an initial basic solution and then move systematically to other basic solution that has the potential to improve the value of the objective function.The calculation result of production planning using the simplex method can be used as a reference in the decision making production planning. By building an application using the simplex method can assist in the calculation of production peencanaan more efficiently and effectively. Accuracy testing system constructed show significant results with great value reached 94% level of accuracy.
Keywords: simplex, production planning, the maximum gain, linear programming
PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN-E, KEPUASAN-E, DAN KEPERCAYAAN-E TERHADAP KESETIAAN-E PADA GOJEK
Authors: Berlianto Margaretha Pink
Published: April 2018

Daring service provider business is growing rapidly at this time, followed by fierce competition between daring service providers. It is very important for them to survive and win in this business competition. For that, they need to identify their service quality from their site based on customers’ perception, knowing the satisfaction of their customers, how deep the trust of their customers and how extent of their customer loyalty toward the daring service providers. The purpose of this study is to analyze e-service quality, e-satisfaction, e-trust and e-customer loyalty of Gojek. The research was conducted on service users Gojek (Go-ride) by distributing 400 questionnaires in Jakarta and Tangerang area and there were 121 questionnaires that can be used. Each variables was measured with 5 Likert scale. In this study, the validity test was using factor loading value of ≥ 0.6 and the reliability test was using the composite reliability ≥ 0.7 and variance extracted ≥ 0.50. There were fourteen hypotheses was tested in this study. The model fit and hypothesis testing was done by using SEM. The results of this study are Ease of use, E-scape, Responsiveness, Customization and Assurance which are five dimension of e-service quality that used in this study had no positive effect on e-satisfaction, e-satisfaction had an effect on e-trust, e-trust had no effect on behavioral loyalty, affective loyalty, loyalty cognitive and conative loyalty and e-satisfaction had effect on behavioral loyalty, affective loyalty, loyalty cognitive and conative loyalty.

Keywords: e-service quality, e-satisfaction, e-trust, e-loyalty, e-commerce.
PENGARUH UNSUR-UNSUR IKLAN PAJAK: HIBURAN, INFORMATIF DAN NILAI IKLAN
Authors: Christian Michael
Published: April 2018

Data dari Direktur Jenderal Pajak Kementrian Keuangan menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan
masyarakat Indonesia dalam membayar pajak masih relatif rendah melihat pada tahun 2016 penerimaan
pajak belum mencapai 100%. Efektivitas iklan akan terbentuk ketika slogan iklan berhasil menggiring
pengetahuan masyarakat, sikap, dan pandangan mengenai suatu produk yang diharapkan dapat
membentuk kesadaran merek akan pentingnya manfaat pajak bagi masyarakat. Ketidaktercapaian target
pemerintah dalam angka penerimaan pajak masih memerlukan strategi-strategi yang lebih tepat sasaran
dalam membentuk kesadasaran akan pajak bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Efektivitas melalui iklan yang
gencar dilakukan oleh pemerintah nyatanya masih perlu dibuktikan lagi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk
mengukur pengaruh faktor-faktor entertainment, informativeness dan advertising value terhadap
kepatuhan wajib pajak (WP). Dengan menggunakan SPSS dan jumlah sampel 60, hasil penelitian ini
menjelaskan bahwa faktor entertainment dan advertising value pada iklan pajak tidak mempengaruhi
kepatuhan WP, sedangkan faktor informativeness mempengaruhi WP. Secara simultan, semua peubah
bebas mempengaruhi peubah terikat. Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan pajak yang
tidak spesifik dan juga penggunaan jumlah sampel yang masih dapat ditambah.
Kata kunci: pajak, hiburan, informatif, nilai, kepatuhan
KONFLIK DAN NEGOSIASI DI DALAM PERSPEKTIF: ARSITEKTUR, SOSIOLOGI, TEKNOLOGI DAN KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Isnaini Santi
Published: April 2018

This article will provide a study of the concepts of conflict and negotiation in various scientific
perspectives, which in this context will be seen from the perspective of architecture, sociology, technology
and communication. Each perspective has its own perspective in defining and operationalizing a concept
of conflict and negotiation, since each formal object of the scientific study has different ontological
origins. For this reason through this article will be a basic topic development from various angles of
scientific theories that will give a picture of the tradition of each of the scholars. For this reason, a
comprehensive discussion of theoretical approaches to the basic topics of conflict and negotiation is
required. So in this article the discussion will be divided into two big skeletons. The first will discuss the
study of each discipline and its relation to communication. From several perspectives of architecture,
sociology, and technology will be presented one by one epistemologis and study. Then from each
perspective linked red thread with the tradition of communication science. The second major framework
will address topics of conflict and negotiation from the various angles of the scholarship. After the
previous discussion has been presented scientific approach, then will be dissected one by one how the
scientific approach sees conflict and negotiation. Not only defining the concept of conflict and
negotiation, the discussion will also link between each scientific perspective in conflict resolution through
negotiation methods. Along with that will be described examples of cases that can clearly illustrate the
use of conflict and negotiation topics in various scientific perspectives.
Keywords: Conflict, Negotiation, Architecture, Sociology, Techonology, Communication
Reflecting Translanguaging in Classroom Practices: A Case Study
Authors: Rerung Magdalena Kartikasari Tandy
Published: April 2018

Strategies comes from Greek word “strategia” which means the art of planning and directing. Regarding to language learning, a strategy is used to achieve their goal depends on the skill they obtain. Specifically speaking skill is one of the productive skills that can be a challenging thing for university students who majored in English. Besides vocabulary, other element that support their language production is motivation. Avoiding in using Bahasa Indonesia can make them unmotivated sometimes. If this is the case, therefore the students might be passive learners in the classroom. Translanguaging  is a strategy in language learning that can motivate students keep learning the language by combining their first language with the foreign one. The following case study is intended to observe how do students use translanguaging. The study was a class observation involving four students majored in English Language and Culture Program at Bunda Mulia University. They were in fourth semester and enrolling in the Listening and Speaking Class. Apparently the result shows that students who use their first language in the speaking task help them in delivering information and telling stories.

Keywords: translanguaging strategies, speaking skill, language learning
Error Analysis Made by EFL Learners in Writing Pronoun (Academic Year 2015) at English Department at FKIP UHN Pematangsiantar
Authors: Sipahutar Reina Adelina , Pasaribu Eden
Published: April 2018

This research is  about Error Analysis Made By EfL Learners In Writing Pronoun (Academic Year 2015) At English Department At Fkip Uhn Pematangsiantar. Error are any deviation from the standard grammar of the target language, while the personal pronoun is reffering to a person or thing. This research focused on the problem about (1) What types of errors produced by English learners in using Pronoun on the fourth semester in FKIP UHN Pematangsiantar? (2) What are the percentage of errors produced by English learners in using pronoun on the fourth semester in FKIP UHN Pematangsiantar? (3) What are the causes of errors produced by English learners in using Pronoun on the fourth semester in FKIP UHN Pematangsiantar? To answer the question of the problem, the writer follows some theories House and Harman (1931), Curme (1947), Meade et al. (1964), Harris (1969), Frank (1972), Corder (1973), Brown (1980), Abbot (1981), Brown (2000), Pyle and Munoz (2002), Arikunto (2006) to analyzed the data. The learners are sitting in the class of Language Metafunction in 2017 (Academic Year 2015). The writers will choose 20 students from each of the three classes (Group A, B, and C). The total numbers of the subject is 60 EFL learners.The data Shows that. The writer finds out that the Error of Addition (29 errors or 6,15%), Error of Omission (175 or 371%), Error of Substitution (225 error or 47,77%) and Error of Ordering (42 error or 8,91%). The dominant type of error was substitution errors (225 error or 47,77%). The mean is 16,54 and standard deviation is 7,17. The test is valid where the validity is 0.55.The test is also reliable where the reliability is 0.88. The average of the right score is 17 items out of 30 items and the percentage is 55,14 %. The average of the wrong score (error score) is 13 items out of 30 items and the percentage is 44,85 %. Finally the writer suggests to the English teachers to have a good teaching strategy to explain the use of personal pronoun.

 
Keywords: error, personal pronoun, teaching
MEDIA IMAGE OF THE HERO OF OUR TIME ACCORDING TO PUBLICATIONS IN THE COLUMN “NR GUEST” IN THE NEWSPAPER “NAKHODKINSKIY RABOCHIY” (“NAKHODKA WORKER”)
Authors: Varavva Valentina Vasil'evna
Published: April 2018

The theme of heroism is relevant at the modern stage of social development. The article is devoted to studying the image of a contemporary hero according to newspaper publications. The object of the research is the interviewees for the column “NR Guest” of Friday issue of the newspaper “Nakhodkinskiy Rabochiy” (“Nakhodka Worker”) of the Nakhodka urban district in Primorsky Krai. The paper analyzes the articles of different authors and creates the summarized media image of the contemporary hero. Within the study of the newspaper “Nakhodkinskiy Rabochiy” this problem is examined for the first time. The newspaper issues of 2014-2017 served as an empirical basis. The author used the methods of description and generalization.
RHETORICAL QUESTION AS A MEANS OF COGNITIVE-PRAGMATIC IMPACT IN MEDIA DISCOURSE (BY THE EXAMPLE OF COSMOPOLITAN AND GLAMOR MAGAZINES)
Authors: Drobot Dar'ya Sergeevna
Published: April 2018

This article examines the features of the rhetorical question functioning by the material of the English glossy magazines for women. The source for the analysis is the texts of “features” group and advertisements. The author studies the notion and structure of the given language means, noting significant differences in its form and content that reveal the purposes of its application in the media discourse. The typical functional features of the rhetorical question are singled out, as well as the means and degree of their influence on the reader in the light of the cognitive-pragmatic approach.
COMPLEX CASES OF TRANSLATION OF THE ENGLISH TERMS IN THE SPHERE OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF A DNA MOLECULE
Authors: Kovylyaeva Anna Eduardovna
Published: April 2018

The article considers the complex cases of terms translation in the sphere of mathematical modeling of a DNA molecule. The main problem is the lack of specialized dictionaries on this topic. In the work, the author has found the Russian equivalents for 12 word combinations, which caused difficulties for the translator. The translation was carried out with the help of the Russian-English and explanatory dictionaries, as well as articles with similar topics. It should be mentioned that the translation used a visualization technique that helps to understand the meaning of the term. The list of translated words is useful to specialists in the sphere of theoretical physics, biophysics, and it needs to be expanded.
LINGUISTICS OF NATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMANY AS A PHENOMENON OF “TOTALITARIAN” LINGUISTICS
Authors: Kosteva Viktoriya Mikhailovna
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to linguistics in national socialist Germany, which is considered in accordance with the author’s theory of “totalitarian” linguistics. A narrative method of linguo-historiography is used that allows recreating an objective picture of this historical period without the clichéd assessment. The author analyzes authentic material - articles of the German linguists working in the context of the ideology of National Socialism. The obtained results testify to the great influence of totalitarian ideology on the development of linguistics.
ON THE COGNITIVE ROLE OF PAROEMIAS IN THE CHINESE MEDIA IN ENGLISH
Authors: Kokhan Irina Nikolaevna
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to the cognitive aspect of the functioning of paroemias in the Chinese media, produced in English. Since the Chinese paroemias represent the national mentality of China, special attention is paid to the goals of citing the Chinese paroemias in the mass media discourse, the main concepts, values, speech strategies implemented through this citation. The information obtained during the analysis confirms that the paroemias are used purposefully, both to represent the values of the Celestial Empire, and to express China’s attitude to international events.
INTERMEDIAL DISCOURSE IN THE STORY “THREE YEARS” BY A. P. CHEKHOV
Authors: Ignatenko Aleksandr Vladimirovich
Published: April 2018

The purpose of the article is the practical application of intermedial elaborations of domestic and foreign scholars in the field of literature and culture by the example of A. P. Chekhov’s “Three Years” (1895). The paper focuses on the intermedial method of a text analysis. The topicality of the work is conditioned by the growing interest in media theories and the synthesis of various types of art. An attempt is made to show how visually marked zones, the so-called visual attractors, act as carriers of actual and potentially new meanings in the context of intermedial poetics.
BIBLICAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH PROPER NAMES IN THE CHINESE LINGUOCULTURAL TRADITION
Authors: Lu Yuxia , Mikova Svetlana Stanislavovna
Published: April 2018

The article deals with biblical phraseological units with proper names in Russian. The proper names play the role of mediators between the biblical story and the phraseological units themselves. In the aspect of the Chinese linguoculture, biblical phraseological units with proper names are analyzed. The authors reveal the approaches to the interpretation of the units under consideration by their internal form. The paper states the complexity or impossibility of representing the integral meaning of the corresponding biblical phraseological unit with proper names in one Chinese phraseological expression, which is conditioned by historical-cultural and linguistic factors.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METAPHORICAL STATEMENTS CONTAINING THE NAME OF A DENOTATIVE CLASS (BY THE MATERIAL OF THE ENGLISH, FRENCH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES)
Authors: Nifanova Tat'yana Sergeevna
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to the description of the principles and methodology of one of the possible approaches to the interlingual study of metaphorical statements - the derivational approach. The material of the analysis is the contexts from the works of the English, French and Russian writers of the twentieth century, united in denotative classes. The comparison of introduction and basic semantic structures of a metaphorical statement in each of the denotative class allows setting interlingual differences and similarities in the situations reproduced in the figurative statements and providing the process of metaphorization.
THOUGHT AND FEELING IN MONOLOGIC DESCRIPTION
Authors: Pilatova Valentina Nikolaevna
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to the question of the conjugation of thought and feeling. By the example of explicitly expressed monologic descriptions of the process of thinking, the mechanism that generates it is revealed. It is concluded that feeling is the basis of the mechanism of thinking. The arsenal of feelings of a person determines largely the course of his/her thoughts. The temporal and spatial relationship between feeling and thought is studied, as well as the sensational conditioning of deep and superficial nature of thought. A remark is made that the source of understanding of the person’s thinking activities is the recognition of his/her feelings.
SOME LINGUISTIC WAYS AND VERBAL MEANS TO REALIZE THE FUNCTION OF INFLUENCING ADDRESSEE’S CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE (BY THE MATERIAL OF THE RUSSIAN, FRENCH AND ENGLISH PRESS)
Authors: Prokhorova Anastasiya Evgen'evna
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to the relevant nowadays problem of authorities’ influence on audience consciousness by means of press. Special attention is paid to the problem of determining the content of the concept “discourse” at the interdisciplinary level: from the viewpoint of linguistics, psycholinguistics, and psychology. The study focuses on linguistic means to influence the recipient typical of the Russian, French and English periodicals. The examples from different languages clearly indicate the similarity of linguistic means used to realize the function of influence.
GENDER MARKED SYMBOLICS IN THE SHORT NOVEL OF L. N. TOLSTOY “KHADZHI-MURAT”
Authors: Mankieva Eset Khamzatovna
Published: April 2018

Basing on the material of L. N. Tolstoy’s realistic novel “Khadzhi-Murat”, the article studies the functional role of gender-marked symbolic signs, which accentuate the destructive, inhuman character of any military conflict. Particular attention is paid to the deciphering of allegorical meaning of such favorite symbols of the Russian writer as a flower, a burdock, a bouquet, the child’s smile, a dagger, a watch, a hand, a white handkerchief and the mother’s milk. Each of these sacralized items in the communicative world of the mountaineers and the aesthetic system of Tolstoy weakens the aggression and military conflicts. The parity principle of ethnogender characters consideration emphasizes the commonality of the peacemaking activity of both mountainous and Slavic women.
EXTENSION OF FUNCTIONAL POSSIBILITIES OF A SECONDARY TEXT: THE ANALYSIS OF PERSUASIVE MEANS OF AN ABSTRACT
Authors: Khutyz Irina Pavlovna
Published: April 2018

The article deals with the functionality of a monograph abstract as a secondary text. The material for the analysis of scientific abstracts suggests that a modern abstract has not only informational, but also persuasive function. The discursive analysis of the abstracts selected for the study allows us to conclude that the persuasive function of the secondary scientific text under consideration is realized through a series of persuasive tactics that are divided into explicit and implicit ones.
PECULIARITIES OF THE USE OF ADVERTISING IN TEACHING THE FRENCH LANGUAGE AT LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY
Authors: Ostroumova Ol'ga Fedorovna
Published: April 2018

The article reveals the peculiarities of using advertising as an additional linguodidactical resource for teaching French as a foreign language and substantiates the expediency of using advertising materials in classes of speech practice and linguistic and cultural studies at linguistic university as one of the most effective means of acquiring knowledge and ideas about the national and cultural specificity of France, the formation of intercultural communicative competence of students, the development of creative thinking among them. The examples of the use of advertising materials in classes of the French language are given.
INTEGRATIVE MODEL TO FORM TRANSLATOR’S SOCIOCULTURAL COMPETENCE AT NONLINGUISTIC HIGHER EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENT WHEN TEACHING PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED TRANSLATION IN THE SUBJECT AREA “GEOLOGY”
Authors: Telezhko Irina Vladilenovna , Kunitsyna Mariya L'vovna
Published: April 2018

The article proposes an integrative model to form sociocultural competence of the translator of professionally oriented texts in the subject area “Geology”. Theoretical justification of the proposed model is provided. The efficiency of the model is proved by the results of experimental teaching carried out at Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. It showed that the use of the developed methodology when teaching translation of sociocultural information, concepts promotes students’ more purposeful training for future professional activity.
“SONGS OF THE GONE TO ISTANBUL” AND THE MEMORY OF THE ANCESTORS IN THE FOLKLORE OF THE KARACHAY-BALKAR DIASPORA
Authors: Bittirova Tamara Shamsudinovna
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to historical songs in the folklore of the Karachay-Balkar abroad; it provides a detailed analysis of the cycle of historical songs related to Muhajirism - “Stambulchulany zhyrlary” (“Songs of the Gone to Istanbul”). This cycle of historical songs has not yet been adequately covered in the national folklore studies and is being examined at present, but the significance of this historical genre in the development of the oral poetic creativity of the diaspora cannot be overestimated. Information representing this genre of the Karachay-Balkar folklore is taken from the foreign and Russian sources. It is stated that the themes of the lost homeland, longing for the Caucasus and reconciliation with the new country are the most important in the “Songs ...”.
A PENDULUM IMAGE IN N. S. GUMILYOV’S POETRY
Authors: Safiulina Rano Mirzakhanovna
Published: April 2018

The article examines the philosophical and artistic reception of a pendulum image in N. S. Gumilyov’s creative work. In this connection the paper analyzes Gumilyov’s poetical and theoretical works devoted to the problem of time. The researcher identifies close interrelations of Gumilyov’s poetry with H. Bergson’s philosophy and for the first time discovers the importance of a pendulum image when modeling N. S. Gumilyov’s poetical world and interpreting the problem of human being as Homo faber. The paper analyzes in detail scientific, philosophical and artistic origin of a pendulum image, traces semantic evolution of this image in the mytho-poetical interpretation of a human and concludes that the deviations of a pendulum gave birth to an evolutionary element in a human but simultaneously became the menacing warning of human mortality.
“THE KULIKOVO FIELD” BY I. S. SHMELEV IN THE LIGHT OF V. V. ZENKOVSKY’S IDEAS
Authors: Solntseva Natal'ya Mikhailovna , Bayana Hatice
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to the intellectual context and the real sources of the motives of I. Shmelev’s story “The Kulikovo Field (The Investigator’s Story)”. The main theme of the study - the phenomenon of miracle in the interpretation of I. Shmelev and V. Zenkovsky (“On the Miracle. The Possibility and Reality of Miracles”) - has not been the subject of scientific reflection yet. As a result, the authors establish the commonality of key ideas of texts, the perception of metaphysical phenomena as reality by the writer and philosopher. The paper describes the point of view of Shmelev on the ideas of W. James, Zenkovsky - on the ideas of A. A. Cournot and I. Ilyin, which introduces new aspects in the research of the text of “The Kulikovo Field”. The story is considered as a literary reception by Shmelev of his spiritual quest and doubt, which is confirmed by his correspondence with I. Ilyin. The work observes the plot-forming role of facts from the life of the art historian, restorer Yu. A. Olsufiev.
ARTISTIC PECULIARITIES OF THE MODERN CHUVASH SMALL PROSE (BY THE MATERIAL OF S. AZAMAT’S CREATIVE WORK)
Authors: Sofronova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to analyzing artistic peculiarities of the modern Chuvash small prose. The research material includes S. Azamat’s stories and dialogues. It is shown that the writer uses the different forms of a dialogue: interview; character’s talk with his internal “ego”; conversation between lovers, friends, two women discovering the secrets of family life; the grandmother and the grandson and others. The characters are represented as a disciple and a teacher, two interlocutors. Through the dialogue the author represents the speculations on the importance of true love, the future of the Chuvash language, friendship and betrayal, relations between generations. The works often bear the didactic nature.
REPRESENTATION OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN NATIONAL CULTURE IN L. N. TOLSTOY’S STORY “THE PRISONER OF THE CAUCASUS”
Authors: Gadzhalova Galimat Rasulovna
Published: April 2018

The article examines the peculiarities of the North Caucasian traditional culture represented in L. N. Tolstoy’s story “The Prisoner of the Caucasus”. The paper analyzes specific features of the Caucasian everyday life, clothing, dwelling and language, which are described in the story in parallel with the basic story line. The researcher compares the writer’s observations with ethnographic materials on the North Caucasian traditional culture and concludes that L. N. Tolstoy’s observations in many ways coincide with scientific data, and it indicates the writer’s excellent competence in the Caucasian everyday culture.
METAPHOR AS A COGNITIVE, LINGUISTIC AND ESTHETIC PHENOMENON IN THE LITERARY PROSE (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE VOCABULARY WITH THE MEANING OF IMAGE)
Authors: Golaidenko Larisa Nikolaevna
Published: April 2018

The article examines the metaphor as a means to perceive the reality and a phenomenon of human linguistic thinking, a way to designate a conception system and a typical trope; special attention is paid to the problem of correlation of the notions “metaphor” and “image”; image is considered both as a cognitive basis and a cognitive product of metaphorization; theoretical provisions are illustrated by the examples taken from literary prosaic texts and containing words with the meaning of memory/imagination.
ON THE SEMANTICS OF MARKERS OF COMPARATIVE CLUSTERS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Authors: Guketlova Aida Khasanovna
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to the study of the semantics of formal components in the English comparative constructions, objectified as their markers. The author analyzes the specificity of their use to create original textual units based on the comparison of objects, ideas, actions and situations. The paper considers these units as partially formalized lexical units that perform specific functions of textual clips, distinguishes their distinctive properties, subgroups and considers the features of each of them functioning in the English language.
THE ROLE OF TOPONYMS IN THE FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH SURNAMES
Authors: Kuritskaya Elena Vladimirovna , Degtyarenko Kseniya Andreevna
Published: April 2018

The article examines the English surnames formed from toponyms. The authors for the first time propose the classification of these surnames according to semantic features. The mentioned surnames are classified into those formed from toponyms, which include the words designating defensive constructions, land ownership, settlements, geographical objects, bridges and fords, as well as personal names. The formation of these toponyms occurred under the influence of different languages. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that classification of toponym-derivative surnames according to semantic features promotes deeper understanding of toponyms role in the formation of the English surnames.
DAGESTANI LITERATURE IN ANTICIPATION OF THE “THAW”
Authors: Guseinov Malik Alievich
Published: April 2018

The article is devoted to the modern interpretation of the development of the Dagestani peoples’ literatures in the post-war decade in the aspect of resisting the ideological cliché of that time, the democratization of literary thought, which found its full expression in Soviet literature during the “thaw” period, in the second half of the 1950s. Basing on the research carried out in the works of G. Tsadasa, T. Khuryugsky, A. Batyrov, Atkai, and others, innovative phenomena are revealed that indicate a certain evolution of the national literary process. Confirmation of this is the activation of the problems of private life, ethno-national originality, an accented depiction of the inner world, the experience of lyrical heroes, etc., inherent in their creativity.
A young man with bleeding esophageal varices
Authors: Chonprasertsuk Soonthorn
Published: April 2018

The noncirrhotic portal hypertension is an uncommon cause of bleeding esophagealvarices. This condition must be suspected in patients with preserved liver function. We reporta 25-year old man with SLE disease who presented with hematemesis. He had no historyor risk factors for an underlying liver condition. A huge splenomegaly was detectedby physical examination. The EGD found three large varices with red wale sign, whereas liverfunction tests were unremarkable. The noncirrhotic portal hypertension was diagnosedand confirmed by liver histopathology.

Figure 1 แสดงผลการส่องกล้องทางเดินอาหารส่วนบนพบ F3 varices with red wale sign
Immune checkpoint and checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Komolmit Piyawat
Published: April 2018

การรักษามะเร็งด้วยแนวความคิดของการกระตุ้นให้ภูมิต้านทานของร่างกายไปทำลายเซลล์มะเร็งนั้น ปัจจุบันได้รับการพิสูจน์ชัดว่าวิธีการนี้สามารถหยุดยั้งการแพร่กระจายของเซลล์มะเร็ง โดยไม่ก่อให้เกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนทางปฏิกิริยาภูมิต้านทานต่ออวัยวะส่วนอื่นที่รุนแรง สามารถนำมาใช้ทางคลินิกได้ ยุคของการรักษามะเร็งกำลังเปลี่ยนจากยุคของยาเคมีบำบัดเข้าสู่การรักษาด้วยภูมิต้านทาน หรือ immunotherapy ยากลุ่ม Immune checkpoint inhibitors โดยเฉพาะ PD-1 กับ CTLA-4 inhibitors จะเข้ามามีบทบาทในการรักษามะเร็งตับในระยะเวลาอันใกล้ จำเป็นแพทย์จะต้องมีความรู้ความเข้าใจในพื้นฐานของ immune checkpoints และยาที่ไปยับยั้งโมเลกุลเหล่านี้

Figure 1 เมื่อ T cells รับรู้แอนทิเจนผ่านทาง TCR/MHC จะมีปฏิกิริยาระหว่าง co-receptors หรือ immune checkpoints กับ ligands บน APCs หรือ เซลล์มะเร็ง ทั้งแบบกระตุ้น (co-stimulation) หรือยับยั้ง (co-inhibition)

TCR = T cell receptor, MHC = major histocompatibility complex
Hepatitis debrief from AASLD 2017
Authors: Chotiyaputta Watcharasak
Published: April 2018

งานประชุมโรคตับ American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) เมื่อปี 2017 มีงานวิจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับโรคไวรัสตับอักเสบต่างๆ โดยการศึกษาที่เกี่ยวข้องกับโรคไวรัสตับอักเสบ ซี มีมากสุด เป็นงานที่เกี่ยวกับการให้ยา Direct acting antivirals (DAA) ชนิดต่างๆ ได้แก่ ยา Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Volxilaprevir, Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir, Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir และ Elbasvir/Grazoprevir ใช้ในการรักษาไวรัสตับอักเสบ ซี สายพันธุ์ต่างๆ ได้ผลการรักษาดี ส่วนการศึกษาอื่นๆ ได้แก่ความสัมพันธ์ของผู้ป่วยโรคไวรัสตับอักเสบ ซี หลังได้ยา DAA ต่อการติดเชื้อซ้ำและการเกิดโรคมะเร็งตับ สำหรับการติดเชื้อไวรัสตับอักเสบ บี พบว่ามีข้อมูลของยา Tenofovir alafenamide มากขึ้น และมีการศึกษาที่เกี่ยวข้องกับยาใหม่ๆ มากมายเช่น การให้ยา ARB-1467, SB 9200 และ JNJ-56136379
Multispectral and Biogeochemical Evaluation for Possible Smelter and Power Plant Emission Effects on Trees in a Missouri Conservation Area and Illinois Nature Preserve
Authors: Cwick Gary J. , Roland Robert T. , Aide Michael T. , Kraemer John C.
Published: April 2018

Stack emission and deposition of heavy metals from industrial sites continues to be an environmental concern, and the effects of it on particular ecosystems need to be further investigated. This has become more practicable with recent advancements in information gathering systems and analysis techniques, like those afforded by remote sensors and GIS. The intent of this research was to determine the utility of Landsat multispectral imagery, biogeochemical sampling of black oak trees, and hyperspectral scanning of leaf reflectance for the purpose of assessing forests at the Magnolia Hollow Conservation Area in Missouri and the Fults Hill Nature Preserve in Illinois, both located downwind from a lead smelter facility and a coal fired power plant. Vegetation index models using multiband images were derived to characterize tree health status at the time of leaf sample collection, and change detection analysis was conducted to quantify temporal variations over a 13 year period. Multivariate statistics were used to identify relationships between spectral reflectance, biogeochemistry, and forest attributes. Preliminary results have found relatively high concentrations of several metals (e.g., Hg and Cd) accumulated in leaf tissue. These may be sufficient enough to induce discernible contamination effects in specific reflectance wavelength regions, and change detection has revealed that there is a notable difference in forest coverage that has occurred at these areas during the timeframe assessed.
Particle Size Influences Preferential Consumption of Hay and Baleage in Total Mixed Dairy Rations
Authors: Hunde Yedilaklil , Patton Jamie , Padgitt Dennis , Vlieger David
Published: April 2018

Lactating cows require complete balanced rations to meet their high nutritional requirements and to maximize milk and milk fat production. Total mixed rations (TMR) were developed to meet these nutritional needs by thoroughly mixing necessary feedstuffs into a single ration; hence providing a balanced diet in each bite. However, the actual nutrient and fiber concentration consumed by cows can dramatically differ from that of the ration due to selective feeding. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the palatability of alfalfa hay TMR and alfalfa baleage TMR and 2) determine the effect of TMR fiber sources on the preferential sorting of rations. Sixty-four lactating dairy cows at the R.T. Wright University Farm at Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, Missouri, were fed TMR containing either 35 percent alfalfa baleage or 35 percent alfalfa hay. Fresh TMR was weighed and distributed evenly within the feed bunk every 24 hours and orts (unconsumed feedstuffs) were collected and weighed to determine the amount of feed consumed. Feed samples from the bulk ration and arts mixture were collected for analysis of particle size distribution via a Penn State Particle Separator. Results indicate the cows clearly preferred shorter (< 0.79 cm) feed particles in both the baleage TMR and hay TMR. In addition, the cows preferred and consumed more alfalfa baleage TMR than alfalfa hay TMR. No relationships between moisture content and TMR preference were identified.
A Global Sand Budget—A Discussion of Sand Generation, Use and Destruction. Are We Running Out of Sand?
Authors: Laudon Robert C.
Published: April 2018

Recent articles on soil erosion sound the alarm regarding the large amount soil that is being lost due to modern agricultural practices, and there is a general concern that we may be destroying our sand and soil resources at rates that greatly exceed generation and preservation rates. There is also a general concern in the sand and aggregate industry as to whether sand is a renewable natural resource. The paper is unique and important to soil science as well as geology because it pulls together data from diverse sources in an attempt to summarize global rates of sand and soil generation from parent material, rates of sand consumption by humans, and rates of sand loss to humans through erosion and transportation to the oceans.

While there is considerable literature on rates of soil erosion, there is remarkably little literature on rates of sand or soil generation from parent materials. Where rate numbers were found they were commonly local, and not global. They were commonly highly variable, and many conversions were required to put them in common, global units. Through a number of assumptions and calculations, the following conclusions have been made for global sand rates.

(1) Sand is being generated from primordial granites at rates estimated at 1.6 billion tons/year. (2) Sand is being generated from soils at rates that range between 0.06 and 450 billion tons/year globally with an average of the most reasonable sources at 5.0 billion tons/year. (3) Sand today, through erosion and natural causes, is lost to the oceans at rates estimated at 4.8 billion tons/year. (4) Modern erosion rates are considered to be an order of magnitude greater than pre-human erosion rates, or about 0.5 billion tons/year. (5) Construction grade sand is currently mined at approximately 4.5 billion tons/year and industrial grade sand is consumed at about 0.2 billion tons/year for a total human usage estimated at 4.7 billion tons/year.

Thus, total sand consumption by humans is slightly less than global generation rates, and an argument can be made that sand is a renewable natural resource. However, if modern rates of erosion and loss to the oceans are considered, then we are losing considerable ground with regard to total sand and soil availability.
Decomposition Rate and Community Structure of Leaf-packs in an Urban and Rural Stream in Southwestern Missouri
Authors: Tarrant Ezekiel , Nine Anna , Powers Lindsay , Heth Robert K.
Published: April 2018

Previous studies demonstrated significantly lower diversity and density of aquatic invertebrates in a southwestern Missouri urban stream, Turkey Creek, below a large mall in comparison to above mall sites and a rural stream, Jones Creek. Such invertebrate declines might affect leaf decomposition rates in these streams. We estimated decomposition rate and macro-invertebrate community structure using experimental leaf-packs composed of freshly dried red elm leaves. Thirty-six leaf-packs housed in polyester mesh (2 by 4 mm) bags were anchored in riffles at the three sites. Bags were recovered after 15 and 36 days, invertebrates were removed and identified, and leaf residue air dried. Decay rates as fraction lost/day after 15 days were 4.20%/day Turkey Creek above mall, 4.43%/day Turkey Creek below mall, and 4.45%/day at Jones Creek. After 36 days decay rates were 2.14%/day Turkey Creek above mall, 2.15% Turkey Creek below mall, and 2.36%/day Jones Creek. Rates were not significantly different between sites (ANOVA, P = 0.55 at 15 days and P = 0.23 at 36 days). Decay constants calculated by regressing % dry mass remaining and days in stream were −0.040/day for both Turkey Creek above and below mall and −0.056/day for Jones Creek. Shredders were primarily represented by the cranefly larvae Tipula abdominalis in both TC sites and by T abdominalis and the isopod Lirceus hoppinae in JC. Collector-gatherers, primarily net-spinning caddisflies Cheumatopsyche, Ceratopsyche, and Chimarra, as well as the dipteran family Chironomidae, numerically dominated leaf-packs. Leaf decomposition may be more related other factors, physical fragmentation, microbial processes, and seasonal differences in leaf abundance, than shredding in these streams. Dominance of collector-gatherers appears to indicate leaf-packs serve primarily as habitat and not a direct energy source for many stream macroinvertebrates.
First Record on Occurrence of Parachaetocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Missouri
Authors: Wallace Gregory S. , Mabee William R. , Combes Matthew D.
Published: April 2018

We report first record on occurrence of the midge genus Parachaetocladius in Missouri based on aquatic macro-invertebrate community samples collected during September 2004 from a reach of Sinking Creek in Dent County in the Ozark Highlands. Select water quality characteristics from the reach are also provided.
Meningkatkan Kerja Sama Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share
Authors: Rosita Ita , Leonard Leonard
Published: April 2018

Human beings as social creatures need cooperative with others due to their independencies. It means that cooperative is needed by all the people. Recently, some of the problems in education are the students’ cooperative is still not optimal and the low point of students’ achievement in the learning process. In cooperative learning, one of the methods is Think Pair Share method that can improve the students’ achievement. This method is focused on student-center that allows students to think independently forming ideas of their own then they are grouped in pairs to discuss their thoughts and train their social interaction to articulate their ideas and to consider those of others. Improving the students’ teamwork in cooperative learning through Think Pair Share habitually will achieve the purpose of studying.
Potential Local Physics Based Learning of Jepara District To Improve Science Process Skills and Students Entrepreneurship
Authors: Khoiri Ahmad , Syifa Almira , Mubin Nurul
Published: April 2018

Physics-based learning of local potentials on simple plan materials as a source of learning the art of carving through levers, incline, pulley and wheel pivot, learning that equip knowledge about the potentials become benchmarks and reference in developing Jepara regency. Design research using One Group Pretest-Postest Design.analysis included: normality and homogeneity, t-test hypothesis and gain test. Based on the result of t-test (thitung<ttabel = 0.0057 <2,00) there is difference of Science Process Skillsbefore and after physics learning based on local potency and gain test result there is an increase of 0.347 is moderate category. In the aspect of entrepreneurship spirit obtained an average of 83.3% good category, local Potential has been studied raises the spirit of fanaticism and high loyalty to a strong sense of ownership so as to contribute positively to the Science Process Skillsand entrepreneurial enthusiasm of learners through indicators: confidence ; task-oriented and results; dare to take risks; spirited leadership; thinking toward outcomes (benefits) and originality
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AGROINDUSTRI VCO DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO
Authors: Lantarsih Retno
Published: April 2018

VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) is a diversified agroindustry products made from coconut.   This study aims to design the VCO small agroindustrial development strategy . This study used SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) analysis. The results showed that VCO Agroindustries in the small industries category are in a position of turn around. This position was to overcome weaknesses and to exploit the opportunities available. Keyword: Virgin Coconut Oil, Agroindustry, SWOT Analysis
ANALISIS POLA DAN RESIKO USAHA GULA AREN DI KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Kencana Felycia Tyera , Sukiyono Ketut , Sumantri Bambang
Published: April 2018

This study is aimed at examining enterprises model and analysing risk level of Palm Sugar in Rejang Lebong Regency.  Risk Analysis involve nira harvested, nira processed, palm sugar production, and palm sugar prices received by producers.  Two-stages cluster sampling method is used to determine research areas, i.e, subdistrict of Sindang Kelingi and Selupu Rejang based on the numbers of  firms. Using similar critirea, two villages are selected, i.e, Air Meles Atas and Sindang Jati.  From those villages, then, 86 palm sugar producers are selected using Simple Random Sampling. Descriptive analysis is applied to describe entreprises model of palm sugar industries while risks is analysed using its varians, standard deviation, and minimum level of production as proposed by Maryam and Suprapti (2008).   The research shows that all palm sugar industries in this regency can be categories as home industries with average production scale of  11.58 kg per process in rainy season and 11. 54 kg in dry season. Palm sugar producers  use  their own capital to produce palm sugar and borrowed to palm sugar village merchants when they need.  From risk analysis, the study finds that palm sugar producers will face higher risk in term of nira harvested and processed, and production in dry season, except in term of price received which is higher in rainy season.  Over all, palm sugar producers will not face risk significantly both in dry and rainy season.Key words: Palm Sugar, Enterprises model, Risk analysis
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN NILAI TUKAR PETANI KARET RAKYAT DI DESA AIR SEKAMANAK KECAMATAN KETAHUN KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA
Authors: Arifin Zaenal , . Sriyoto , Yuliarti Ellys
Published: April 2018

This research was aimed to estimate income from rubber farming folk and envistige rubber farmer buying power through term of trade indicators.  This research is conducted at Village Air Sekamanak District Ketahun North Bengkulu. Eighty nine labourfarmers were selected using Stratified Random Sampling method. The result of this research found that the farmers  terms of trade is 1.43 in May and 1.45 in June. These results indicate that in the month May and June of rubber farmers in the study area during the month were categorized into levels of prosperity.Average farm income of smallholder rubber farmers in the study area is Rp 1,945,690.37 Ut in May, while the average income in June amounted to Rp 1,945,117.34 Ut.  Keywords: terms of Trade, Smallholder labours, rubber