bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of augmented reality on libraries: A systematic literature review
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Khan Shakeel Ahmad , Iqbal Abid
Published: July 2024

The objectives of the study were to identify the impact of augmented reality on libraries and reveal challenges to its adoption in library settings. The systematic literature review was used as research methodology to address the study’s objectives. The 25 most relevant research papers published in peer-reviewed journals were selected to conduct the study. Findings revealed that augmented reality has significant positive effects on user engagement, marker space innovations, experiential learning, efficient library management, and supportive role for librarians. Results also manifested that financial barriers, technological proficiency, technical support, and ethical considerations caused challenges for the adoption of augmented reality applications in libraries. The study has provided a framework to efficiently adopt augmented reality in libraries for the delivery of innovative services to library patrons.
Predictive value of Doppler echocardiography parameters for cardiovascular events in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lai Li-ping , Wang Liang-qin , Li Shui-ping
Published: July 2024

Background and objectives

This study aimed to assess the utility of Doppler echocardiography in evaluating left ventricular diastolic function, and prognosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Patients and methods

A total of 286 SLE patients were selected along with 100 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations. Clinical baseline characteristics were collected. Various Doppler echocardiographic parameters were measured and analyzed, including left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), interventricular septal diameter (IVSD), left ventricular mass (LVM), LVM index (LVMI), and others.

Results

Compared to the control group, SLE patients exhibited significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein and lower levels of complement (C) 3 and C4 ( p < .001). Doppler echocardiographic parameters showed significant differences between SLE patients and healthy controls, including increased LVPWT, IVSD, LVM, LVMI, peak A, PWI + Tei, E/e′, TDI-Tei, and decreased e′ and E/A ( p < .001). Subgroup analyses indicated more severe ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with higher SLE activity and those who experienced cardiovascular events. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations of PWI + Tei, TDI-Tei, and GLS with SLE activity and cardiovascular events ( p < .01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified LVMI, PWI + Tei, TDI-Tei, and GLS as significant predictors of cardiovascular events ( p < .05).

Conclusion

Doppler echocardiography is a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in SLE patients. Key echocardiographic parameters, including LVMI, PWI + Tei, TDI-Tei, and GLS, are effective in predicting cardiovascular events, underscoring the importance of comprehensive cardiac function assessments in these patients.
Analyzing heterogeneity in biomarker discriminative performance through partial time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve modeling
Authors: Jiang Xinyang , Li Wen , Wang Kang , Li Ruosha , Ning Jing
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the heterogeneity of a biomarker’s discriminative performance for predicting subsequent time-to-event outcomes across different patient subgroups. While the area under the curve (AUC) for the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve is commonly used to assess biomarker performance, the partial time-dependent AUC (PAUC) provides insights that are often more pertinent for population screening and diagnostic testing. To achieve this objective, we propose a regression model tailored for PAUC and develop two distinct estimation procedures for discrete and continuous covariates, employing a pseudo-partial likelihood method. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of these procedures across various scenarios. We apply our model and inference procedure to the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data set to evaluate potential heterogeneities in the discriminative performance of biomarkers for early Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis based on patients’ characteristics.
Estimating individualized treatment rules by optimizing the adjusted probability of a longer survival
Authors: He Qijia , Zhang Shixiao , LeBlanc Michael L , Zhao Ying-Qi
Published: July 2024

Individualized treatment rules inform tailored treatment decisions based on the patient’s information, where the goal is to optimize clinical benefit for the population. When the clinical outcome of interest is survival time, most of current approaches typically aim to maximize the expected time of survival. We propose a new criterion for constructing Individualized treatment rules that optimize the clinical benefit with survival outcomes, termed as the adjusted probability of a longer survival. This objective captures the likelihood of living longer with being on treatment, compared to the alternative, which provides an alternative and often straightforward interpretation to communicate with clinicians and patients. We view it as an alternative to the survival analysis standard of the hazard ratio and the increasingly used restricted mean survival time. We develop a new method to construct the optimal Individualized treatment rule by maximizing a nonparametric estimator of the adjusted probability of a longer survival for a decision rule. Simulation studies demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method across a range of different scenarios. We further perform data analysis using data collected from a randomized Phase III clinical trial (SWOG S0819).
Minimizing confounding in comparative observational studies with time-to-event outcomes: An extensive comparison of covariate balancing methods using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Cafri Guy , Fortin Stephen , Austin Peter C
Published: July 2024

Observational studies are frequently used in clinical research to estimate the effects of treatments or exposures on outcomes. To reduce the effects of confounding when estimating treatment effects, covariate balancing methods are frequently implemented. This study evaluated, using extensive Monte Carlo simulation, several methods of covariate balancing, and two methods for propensity score estimation, for estimating the average treatment effect on the treated using a hazard ratio from a Cox proportional hazards model. With respect to minimizing bias and maximizing accuracy (as measured by the mean square error) of the treatment effect, the average treatment effect on the treated weighting, fine stratification, and optimal full matching with a conventional logistic regression model for the propensity score performed best across all simulated conditions. Other methods performed well in specific circumstances, such as pair matching when sample sizes were large (n = 5000) and the proportion treated was < 0.25. Statistical power was generally higher for weighting methods than matching methods, and Type I error rates were at or below the nominal level for balancing methods with unbiased treatment effect estimates. There was also a decreasing effective sample size with an increasing number of strata, therefore for stratification-based weighting methods, it may be important to consider fewer strata. Generally, we recommend methods that performed well in our simulations, although the identification of methods that performed well is necessarily limited by the specific features of our simulation. The methods are illustrated using a real-world example comparing beta blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors among hypertensive patients at risk for incident stroke.
Key professional stakeholders roles in promoting older people's autonomy in residential care
Authors: Moilanen Tanja , Suhonen Riitta , Kangasniemi Mari
Published: July 2024

Background

Older people’s autonomy is an ethical and legal principle in everyday residential care, but there is a lack of clarity about the roles and responsibilities of the key professional stakeholder groups involved.

Research objectives

This study aimed to identify and define the roles and responsibilities of the key professional stakeholder groups involved in promoting older people’s autonomy in residential care settings.

Research design

We used a Delphi method with two iterative rounds of online group discussions and collected data from experts in older people’s care in Finland in summer 2020. The data were analyzed using deductive-inductive content analysis methods.

Ethical considerations

According to Finnish legislation, this type of research did not need approval from a research ethics committee. Informed consent from the participants was obtained and they were informed about the voluntary nature and confidentiality of the study and their right to withdraw at any time.

Results

Key professional stakeholders had different roles and responsibilities, but their shared, integrated goal was to achieve older people’s autonomy in residential care settings. Their combined roles and responsibilities covered all aspects of promoting older people’s autonomy, from care and service planning and daily decision-making to service structures that included ethical competencies and monitoring. Multipronged, variable, coordinated strategies were required to identify, assess, and promote autonomy at different levels of care.

Conclusion

Key professional stakeholders need to work together to provide an unbroken chain of care that provides older people with autonomy in residential care settings. In future, more knowledge is needed about how to create structures to achieve the shared goal of older people’s autonomy in these settings.
A Study on the Hedging and Safe-Haven Features of Non-fungible Tokens Segments
Authors: James Emiliya , Kayal Parthajit , Maiti Moinak , Balasubramanian G.
Published: July 2024

This study examines the hedging and safe-haven characteristics across the various segments of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). It adopts the case study approach to blend the key study findings on the risk and return aspects of different NFT segments. The study finds that various segments of NFTs have mixed levels of correlations with traditional financial assets. Online games and metaverse segments of NFTs display a link to the crypto assets. Similarly, only the metaverse segment shows an association with the market sentiment. Art, online games, and collectibles segments within the NFTs space show mixed levels of hedging. However, all NFT segments under consideration show ambiguous safe-haven facets. Overall, the present study highlights some of the important aspects to consider while investing in the different segments of NFTs with respect to portfolio optimization, market dynamics, and risk management.

JEL Codes: C12, C13, J64
Snap-through of a bistable beam using piezoelectric actuation
Authors: Ajnada Taha , Bernard Yves , Daniel Laurent
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the snap-through of a bistable system using piezoelectric (PZ) actuation. The bistable system consists of a pre-buckled beam fixed between two jaws. The bistability and snap-through of the beam are modelled using two approaches. An analytical model is first implemented. The results are compared to a full finite element simulation. These modelling approaches are used to find the optimal positioning of the PZ patches used for switching. The PZ-actuated snap-through is then modelled using both an analytical equivalent moment model and finite element simulations. An experimental validation setup is developed accordingly. The validation addresses all aspects of the modelling: bistability, snap-through and PZ-actuated snap-through. For the latter two configurations were studied, namely a switching actuated by a single PZ patch or by two patches. A remarkable agreement is found between both modelling approaches and experimental measurements. The proposed analytical modelling tool can be used for rapid pre-design of bistable devices. It is for instance shown that a centimetre-scale steel-device with an initial transverse displacement about 1 mm can be switched with a few-Newton force or alternatively with a few hundreds of Volts using a PZ patch.
Group Dynamics Meets Organizational Learning: Reflections on Research
Authors: Argote Linda
Published: July 2024

This essay was prepared in response to an invitation by Stephen Zaccaro, the President of INGRoup, and Lyn Van Swol, the Editor of Small Group Research, to recipients of the McGrath Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Study of Groups. My essay provides an overview of my research, including the human as well as the intellectual side of the endeavor. I recognize scholars who most influenced my research and those with whom I have had the pleasure of collaborating. Theoretical perspectives that shaped my thinking are acknowledged and significant milestones in my career described. The essay concludes with a discussion of suggestions that I hope will be useful to current and recent PhD students interested in groups.
Comparison of Quality of Life and Coping Strategies among Firefighters and Emergency Medical Services Personnel in Saveh, Iran
Authors: Armoon Bahram , Hosseini Koukamari Parisa , Rouhani Mohammad Reza , Gharegozloo Leila , Karimy Mahmood , Coetzer-Liversage Anthony
Published: July 2024

Emergency medical service (EMS) personnel and firefighters (FFs) are first responders in dangerous and stressful situations. They experience high stress due to the nature of their jobs, which can affect their quality of life and various health dimensions. This study aimed to compare quality of life, job stress, and coping strategies in a sample of EMS personnel and FF employees in Iran. This cross-sectional study included 186 FFs and EMS, who were selected using a census sampling method. Our results showed that FFs had a better quality of life, lower perceived stress, and better coping skills than EMS. Individuals living in rural areas, government officials, and staff with regular work shifts also reported less perceived stress. Furthermore, our results indicated a negative and significant correlation between perceived stress and quality of life and a positive and significant correlation between stress management and quality of life in both groups. Given the inevitability of stress in EMS and FF jobs, policymakers need to take interventional measures to reduce anxiety and enhance the quality of life and work for these personnel. Occupational health policies in Iran generally follow the International Labor Organizational recommended standards, however, more attention to managerial interventions that reduce job demands and job stress combined with health promotion programs to improve coping are advised.
Looking for Development in Leadership Development: Assessing Learning for Reflexivity Among Graduate Students
Authors: O’Brien Timothy
Published: July 2024

Scholars have identified reflexivity, the ability to question what one might be taking for granted, as a critical meta-cognitive skill that management schools should cultivate amongst students. Reflexive learning though is a complex and idiosyncratic process. Little is known about how students experience this process, what they learn, or how a range of students representing different degrees of potential for reflexivity experience such a process differently. This article reports on a study using Kegan’s Constructive Developmental Theory to assess how masters students at a professional school studying leadership and representing different developmental stages experience the same teaching methods for cultivating reflexivity. This work illuminates how students at different stages of development experience the same teaching method for cultivating reflexivity quite differently. Results indicate that for students with limited potential for reflexivity, there is profound developmental growth. Other students who began the course with existing reflexive capacity did not initially demonstrate skills of reflexivity. However, this group of students learned to practice reflexivity without actually interrogating their own assumptions in a way that represents developmental growth. I share details of the study and conclude with implications for teaching reflexivity across a diverse range of experience.
Dropout Epidemic—Who Is (Not) Graduating High School: A 4-Year Analysis of Predictive Indicators
Authors: Mullen Carol A. , Nitowski Robert J.
Published: July 2024

Dropout is a global crisis and an affliction in the United States. This study analyzes graduation rates based on prior academic achievement, attendance, and behavior at an urban American high school in Virginia over 4 years to identify who is (not) graduating and why. Using a correlational, nonexperimental design, four cohorts of graduates were compared. As found, Latinx male English language learners were overrepresented and had dropped out following exclusionary discipline or failure on standardized tests. Examining predictive indicators can clarify why some students do not complete on time or quit. Implications for practice, policy, research, and preparation are considered.
Institutional Development via Co-Design: Faculty Participation in a Co-Design Year at Fulbright University Vietnam
Authors: Derby-Talbot Ryan , Ellis Naoko
Published: July 2024

How can higher educational institutions seeking change ensure that their innovations cohere with the institutional mission and culture? Here we present a novel framework of “co-design,” which uses principles of design thinking to structure shared student–faculty activities for the sake of educational innovation. To illustrate, we provide a case study in co-design: the creation of Fulbright University Vietnam's undergraduate program during a “co-design year” prior to the program's launch. By concentrating on the faculty experience during the year, we provide observations, lessons, and takeaways for others in using co-design as a practical framework for institutional innovation.
Language Barriers in School Health: Addressing Health Equity in the U.S. Educational System
Authors: McCabe Ellen M. , Bennett Sheryl , Lowrey Kerri McGowan , Squires Allison
Published: July 2024

Federal law requires school health leaders to ensure meaningful access to language resources to promote optimal health and education outcomes. This paper aims to inform all stakeholders, including decision-makers, about the importance of developing language access plans and policies. Multiple sources and legal guidelines provide a comprehensive overview of the issue. Including an examination of current practices and challenges that school nurses encounter, specifically regarding language resources, guidance is offered to elucidate meaningful language access policies that ensure equitable access to school health services. Supporting meaningful language access includes providing school nurses with qualified interpretation and translation services to care for those who do not speak, read, or write in English or have limitations with the English language. Additionally, local and state agencies may implement language access services requirements and enforce compliance with a language access plan to meet federal funding requirements.
School Nurses’ Perceived Role and Capacity to Support School Behavioral Health Programs in DC Public and Public Charter Schools
Authors: Price Olga Acosta , Saunders Breahnna , Gibbons Julie , Sadlon Rachel , Garibay Lori , Doe Kafui , Nelson Felicity , Wise Tiffany , Isaac Eartha
Published: July 2024

School nurses (SNs) practicing in DC public and public charter schools were surveyed to assess their perceived role and self-reported preparation to provide behavioral health prevention, early identification, and treatment services in schools. A total of 154 SNs completed a questionnaire about their role in the delivery of behavioral health services and supports. SNs reported they are primarily involved in the identification and referral of students to other school behavioral health professionals. Respondents also reported a lack of training in behavioral health and a desire for more information on related programs and services. This study offers recommendations for educating future SNs and highlights how the DC School Health Services Program utilized study findings to build capacity for SNs employed in practice. This study can help tailor educational opportunities for SNs to maximize their role in school behavioral healthcare process flows and ultimately improve outcomes for students and families.
Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of its Histopathology, Genetics, and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Nezami Behtash G. , MacLennan Gregory T.
Published: July 2024

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the predominant subtype of renal epithelial tumor, accounting for roughly 2% of all malignancies. Clinically, it often presents in the sixth to seventh decade of life, predominantly in men. Pathologically, these tumors exhibit a distinctive golden yellow cut surface, usually arising from the renal cortex. Their microscopic features are characterized by solid and nested architectures of cells with clear or eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and a prominent vascular network. A hallmark genetic feature is the inactivation of the VHL gene situated on chromosome 3p25. The majority of ccRCCs are sporadic (over 95%), typically presenting as a single mass; and a small percentage have a hereditary basis, often associated with VHL disease, characterized by multiple bilateral tumors with an earlier onset. Immunohistochemically, ccRCC tumors express PAX8, CA9 box like pattern, and CD10 but are generally negative for AMACR (35% positive) and KRT7 (15% positive). The prognosis of ccRCC is largely determined by its TNM stage, ISUP/WHO nucleolar grade, and the presence of specific aggressive features. This review article delves into the detailed gross, microscopic, molecular, and clinical features of ccRCC, offering comprehensive insights into its diagnosis, management, and prognosis.
Uterine Angioleiomyoma: Clinical and Histopathologic Differentiation of an Underrecognized Mimicker of Uterine Leiomyoma
Authors: Pham Tuan , Peterson Joshua M. , Hasan Hasanain , Gomez Mariangela
Published: July 2024

Angioleiomyoma is an uncommon benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that arises from perivascular smooth muscle cells. This soft tissue neoplasm usually occurs in the dermal or subcutaneous tissues of the extremities, head and neck, or trunk with fewer than 40 reported angioleiomyomas arising in the uterine corpus. Herein we report a uterine angioleiomyoma in a 44-year-old G5P4 Hispanic woman with a longstanding history of recurrent abdominal pain, pelvic organ prolapse, abnormal uterine bleeding, anemia, and hypertension. The patient underwent surgical treatment with total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy and a uterosacral ligament suspension. Uterine angioleiomyoma was diagnosed post-operatively based on gross and microscopic features. The location of the uterine angioleiomyoma within the myometrium corresponded with contrast enhancement apparent on preoperative imaging. This and other uterine angioleiomyomas have characteristic imaging, macroscopic, and microscopic features which distinguish it from leiomyoma. Enhancing awareness of this underrecognized entity will facilitate precise diagnosis and thereby enable improved understanding of the clinicopathological characteristics of uterine angioleiomyoma.
Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Germline BLM Mutation in Ovarian Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma with Favorable Response to Niraparib and Anlotinib Combination Therapy—A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Xu Lian , Cao Yidan , Ye Pengfei , Cheng Yan , Lin Xiaojuan , Yi Tianjin , Wang Ping
Published: July 2024

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the ovary represents a rare and malignant extrahepatic tumor that shares morphological and immunophenotypic similarities with hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to the ambiguous histomorphology and aggressive behavior, the diagnosis and management of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the ovary present unique challenges. Here, we present a 67-year-old woman with massive ascites and disseminated peritoneal implants at initial diagnosis. She was treated with six cycles of neoadjuvant therapy (albumin-bound paclitaxel + nedaplatin + bevacizumab) and a debulking surgery, followed by eight cycles of postoperative adjuvant therapy (albumin-bound paclitaxel + carboplatin + bevacizumab). Elaborate pathology workup found significant involvement of angiogenesis in the tumor and confirmed the diagnosis via immunohistochemistry. Further molecular characterization of the tumor by whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed a novel heterozygous germline mutation (NM_000057.2, c.1290_1291delinsATCAGGCCTCCATAG, p.Y430fs1) in gene BLM, likely pathogenic, suggesting a potential candidate for Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. For the maintenance therapy, she received a combination of the PARP inhibitor niraparib and the antiangiogenic anlotinib. As of now, the patient has achieved a partial response, with no apparent evidence of disease progression observed nearly 30 months. Our study sheds light on the WES-based profiling in rare cancers to screen for any treatable targets with otherwise no standard therapeutic options. The promising results with the niraparib–anlotinib combination suggest its potential as a maintenance therapy option for hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the ovary, which warrants validation in future larger cohort.
The Effect of an Educational Intervention on Breast Cancer Screening of Rural Women: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Kamyab Amirhossein , Mohammadkhah Fatemeh , Asadi Saeedeh , Ghalehgolab Farzaneh , Khani Jeihooni Ali
Published: July 2024

Background

Early diagnosis of breast cancer is a key factor affecting patient survival, so screening can reduce the burden of this disease. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on breast cancer screening in rural women.

Methods

In this quasi-experimental study, 480 women referring to the health care centers in the cities of Fasa and Shiraz were divided into two groups, intervention (n = 240) and control (n = 240), using cluster random sampling method, in 2021-2022. We randomly selected two health care centers in Shiraz and Fasa and invited them to participate in the study. The demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the TPB were used to collect the data. The intervention included 50-minute sessions on topics such as breast cancer basics, screening methods, barriers to mammography, and the role of peer groups. Data were collected before and 4 months after the intervention.

Results

The results showed no difference between the two groups in awareness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and breast cancer screening performance before the intervention. Four months after the intervention, a significant increase was found in the intervention group in awareness (7.46 ± 1.50 to 18.54 ± 1.20), attitude (28.55 ± 4.62 to 58.69 ± 4.35), perceived behavioral control (22.52 ± 3.32 to 40.88 ± 3.84), and subjective norms (20.37 ± 3.34 to 21.99 ± 3.38). Instead, no significant difference in the mentioned constructs ( P < 0.05) was observed in the control group.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that TPB-based education enhanced awareness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, and behavioral intention towards breast cancer screening. The TPB empowers women in rural communities to prioritize their health and seek timely breast cancer screening. Continued efforts and improved access to screening services are crucial for improved outcomes.
Global Hemostatic Methods to Tailor Treatment With Bypassing Agents in Hemophilia A With Inhibitors— A Single-Center, Pilot Study
Authors: Chaireti Roza , Soutari Nida , Holmström Margareta , Petrini Pia , Magnusson Maria , Ranta Susanna , Pruner Iva , Antovic Jovan P.
Published: July 2024

For patients with hemophilia A and high-titer inhibitors treated with bypassing agents there are no reliable methods to assess treatment effect. We investigated the utility of global hemostatic methods in assessing treatment with bypassing agents (rFVIIa or activated prothrombin complex [aPCC]). All patients with hemophilia A and inhibitors followed at the Coagulation Unit or the Pediatric Coagulation Unit at Karolinska University Hospital aged 6 years and above were eligible for this noninterventional study. Baseline plasma samples were spiked with bypassing agents in increasing concentrations (aPCC 50 U/kg, 100 U/kg, 150 U/kg, and rFVIIa 90 μg/kg and 270 μg/kg) in vitro. For patients treated with factor concentrates or bypassing agents follow-up samples were collected (in vivo tests). The samples were analyzed using overall hemostatic potential (OHP), and calibrated automated thrombogram, Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT). Nine patients with hemophilia A with inhibitors were included. Spiking with rFVIIa normalized the coagulation potential in 6/8 samples, in 3 only with high dose. Only one sample did not improve adequately after spiking with aPCC. The improvement in hemostasis was reliably shown by both CAT and OHP. The baseline potential was, however, more often measurable by OHP compared to CAT. Factor concentrate had been administered to 5 patients normalizing the hemostatic potential in vivo in 2 (without spiking). The hemostatic improvement induced by spiking with rFVIIa or aPCC is shown by OHP and CAT, but the results have to be evaluated in larger cohorts.
A two-tool assessment of the quality of life of patients with breast cancer using generic and disease-specific tools in a Nigerian teaching hospital
Authors: Isah Abdulmuminu , Nwachuya Chukwuemeka Augustine , Amandi Nancy Chinwe , Onyehalu Jennifer Chinaecherem , Umeh Anthony Uche , Chima Uzochukwu , Aniefuna Chisom Victoria , Ugwu Dickson Onyedikachi , Idabor Charles Chukwuma , Ekwueme Valerian Iloabuchi , Onwuakpa Chukwudum Hilary , Ugochukwu Ezinwanne Jane , Ma'aji Hadiza Usman , Jackson Idongesit Linus , Dim Obinna Felix , Ukoha-Kalu Blessing Onyinye
Published: July 2024

Assessing the quality of life (QoL) of breast cancer (BC) patients using a triangulation of tools is crucial for understanding their well-being and tailoring specific interventions to improve their overall experience. The study assessed the QoL of BC patients using a combination of generic and disease-specific validated questionnaires. The study utilized a self-administered questionnaire-based cross-sectional design among BC patients attending the Oncology clinic in a Nigerian teaching hospital. The 23-item EORTC-BR23 questionnaire and the 15-item HRQoL 15D questionnaire were provided to consenting eligible respondents for data collection. Descriptive (e.g., frequency, percentages, mean, median, etc.) and inferential (T-test and one-way ANOVA) statistical analyses were conducted on the cleaned data, with significant p values set at less than 0.05. A total of 60 female BC patients participated in the study. Respondents that were aged 41–50 years and 50–60 years were 20 (33.3%) and 19 (31.7%) respectively. Patients who were diagnosed with BC one year ago before the study were 22 (39.3%) with 51 (85%) reporting no positive family history of BC. Patients who had undergone surgery, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy were 52 (86.7%), 27 (45.0%), 14 (24.1%), and 54 (90%) respectively. The patients scored 30.00 ± 4.67% and 72.36 ± 2.93% for future perspective and body image, respectively, in the functional scales of the EORTC-BR23 with a maximum possible score of 100%. On the symptom scale, they scored 47.46 ± 2.52% and 63.40 ± 5.03% for side effects of therapy and being upset about hair loss, respectively. The patients’ quality of life utility score in the 15-D tool was 0.79 ± 0.02. With p values less than 0.005, age, time since diagnosis, and cancer stage were influential determinants of patients’ QoL. The QoL of the participants based on the HRQoL-15D was determined to be high. For the EORTC-BR23, respondents reported high quality of life for body image and sexual function but low quality of life for both sexual enjoyment and future perspective in terms of the functional scale. The symptom scale of EORTC-BR23 showed high symptoms for only the domain of upset by hair loss resulting in low QoL. Socio-demographic factor that affects the QoL of BC patients were age, number of years since diagnosis and stage of BC.
Gaining Recovery in Addiction for Community Elders (GRACE) Project: The Impact of Age-Specific Care on Clinical Outcomes and Health Care Resource Utilization in Older Adults With Substance Use Disorder in an Interprofessional Addiction Clinic
Authors: Schachman Kathleen A. , Macomber Catherine A. , Mitchell Matthew L. , Brown Jill M. , Scott Jennifer L. , Darr Rachel L. , Fabbro Mindy A. , Morrone William R. , Peckham Kari A. , Charbonneau-Ivey Trisha K.
Published: July 2024

Background:

The prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) in older adults has been increasing, necessitating tailored and effective addiction care for this aging demographic.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of age-specific, interprofessional addiction care on clinical outcomes and health care resource utilization in older adults with SUD.

Methods:

This quasi-experimental study directly compares patients enrolled in the Gaining Recovery in Addiction for Community Elders (GRACE) Project, an interprofessional age-specific addictions treatment program, with age-matched older adults who received conventional “treatment as usual” (TAU). Through retrospective comparative analysis, substance use outcomes, mental and physical health improvements, and inappropriate use of emergency services were examined among 78 older adults with SUD.

Results:

Clinical outcomes and health care resource utilization were superior for older adults who received age-specific addictions care through the GRACE Project, as compared to mixed-age conventional “TAU.” GRACE patients had improved treatment adherence, fewer relapses, and longer treatment engagement. While both groups exhibited significant reductions in depression and anxiety scores, GRACE patients showed greater improvements. This group demonstrated superior control of both hypertension and diabetes. Importantly, they had fewer inappropriate emergency department visits and avoidable hospitalizations than conventional “TAU.”

Conclusions:

Addiction treatment delivered by an interprofessional team to meet the unique strengths and needs of older adults has the potential to improve treatment adherence and more favorable long-term outcomes in substance use, mental health, and chronic medical conditions. Nurses are poised to lead interprofessional teams to meet the growing demand for specialized addiction treatment and integrated care for older adults.
Extended-Release Mixed Amphetamine Salts for Comorbid Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Cannabis Use Disorder: A Pilot, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Levin Frances R. , Mariani John J. , Pavlicova Martina , Choi C. Jean , Basaraba Cale , Mahony Amy L. , Brooks Daniel J. , Brezing Christina A. , Naqvi Nasir
Published: July 2024

Objective:

To determine if treatment of co-occurring adult ADHD and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) with extended-release mixed amphetamine salts (MAS-ER) would be effective at improving ADHD symptoms and promoting abstinence.

Method:

A 12-week randomized, double-blind, two-arm pilot feasibility trial of adults with comorbid ADHD and CUD ( n = 28) comparing MAS-ER (80 mg) to placebo. Main outcomes: ADHD: ≥30% symptom reduction, measured by the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS). CUD: Abstinence during last 2 observed weeks of maintenance phase.

Results:

Overall, medication was well-tolerated. There was no significant difference in ADHD symptom reduction (MAS-ER: 83.3%; placebo: 71.4%; p = .65) or cannabis abstinence (MAS-ER: 15.4%; placebo: 0%; p = .27). MAS-ER group showed a significant decrease in weekly cannabis use days over time compared to placebo ( p < .0001).

Conclusions:

MAS-ER was generally well-tolerated. The small sample size precluded a determination of MAS-ER’s superiority reducing ADHD symptoms or promoting abstinence. Notably, MAS-ER significantly reduced weekly days of use over time.
Safety Assessment of Methylxanthines as Used in Cosmetics
Authors: Cherian Priya A. , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Hill Ronald A. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Marks James G. , Shank Ronald C. , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: July 2024

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of three methylxanthines, Caffeine, Theobromine, and Theophylline, as used in cosmetics. All of these ingredients are reported to function as skin-conditioning agents in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed the data relevant to the safety of these ingredients and concluded that Caffeine, Theobromine, and Theophylline are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
National culture symbols in murals of China: Chinese public art as a synthesis of aesthetics and politics of China / Símbolos de la cultura nacional en los murales de China: el arte público chino como síntesis de la estética y la política de China
Authors: Liu Xun , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Jianying , Pan Daobo , Chang Yuan
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study is to explore the social and psycho-emotional influence of traditional Chinese national symbols on the contemporary wall-paintings in Chinese public art as the synthesis of aesthetics and politics expressed in fine art. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in the description of the influence of traditional wall-painting and Western art styles on modern Chinese public art. The group of respondents consisted of 96 students and teachers from Chinese art universities. The researchers used the method of expert assessments (semi-structured interview with the use of a special questionnaire), the ‘Health, Activity, Mood’ method and the D. V. Liusin method for determining the level of emotional intelligence. Having analysed the study results, the researchers proved the hypothesis that the use of traditional national symbols in contemporary Chinese public art is a factor that determines the artistic, psycho-emotional and ideological impact of this art form.
Interactive learning spaces: the challenges and prospects of internationalizing medical education / Espacios de aprendizaje interactivo: dificultades y perspectivas de la internacionalización de la educación médica
Authors: Ye Qing , Chen Yunben
Published: July 2024

The research aims to develop the structure of a streaming platform for conducting webinars for medical students studying at universities in China and abroad. The paper’s authors developed the plan and structure of the ChinaInterMed website with video materials and conducted a survey involving 17 rectors of universities in Beijing. Because of the survey, the authors determined that there were topics on international health systems in the curricula of the medical faculties of all 17 universities under study, courses in English in 10 universities (70.6%), topics on tropical diseases in 16 universities (94.1%) and seminars and practical classes with patients from different cultures in eight universities (47.1%). The results of the study will facilitate the use and integration of ICT in educational institutions, teaching medical students from an international point of view, raising general awareness of international communication, promoting equality in education, creating an effective institutional mechanism for internationalization, increasing the global competence of students, developing seminars, symposiums and workshops, and bringing international aspects to teaching and research work.
Folk music: the bedrock of Chinese cultural traditions / Música folk: fundamentos de las tradiciones culturales chinas
Authors: Hu Mengyu , Wang Jingyi
Published: July 2024

Folk music is an integral part of any national art and contributes to the cultural development of each country. This paper is aimed at studying aspects of Chinese folk music, which is the bedrock of Chinese cultural traditions. This paper conducted a sociological survey of 142 students in their third year of study. The results showed that 37% of the respondents believe that traditional music is a folk art passed down from generation to generation. The most important function of folk music, according to students’ opinions, is the preservation of cultural traditions based on historical events (27%). Due to the fact that respondents perceive folk music as the most harmonious in piano instruction (36%), the tools for its integration in piano lessons have been developed. These tools include selecting a music platform, providing theoretical information in the public domain, developing improvisation skills based on folk compositions, using online platforms to share experiences and knowledge between students and teachers and analysing contemporary Chinese compositions. In addition, all mentioned applications have been tested to measure their effectiveness. The best results of using folk compositions in piano instruction were achieved in group #5 (100%), which can be explained by knowledge gained in the first and second terms.
Transformative indicators? Gender expertise and technocratic peace
Authors: McLeod Laura
Published: July 2024

In the last decade, the use of indicators to track implementation of international peacebuilding and peacekeeping programmes, policies and practices has proliferated. Indicators are criticised by many scholars for their technocratic, standardised and colonialising effects. This article follows a different line of inquiry. Can indicators be transformative? Contemporary critiques place indicators as bureaucratic artefacts in a vacuum, detached and decontextualised from the nuances of human agency developing, utilising and subverting them. I conceptualise indicators as powerful gendered technologies of knowledge creation developed, used and subverted by institutional actors. Using interviews with institutional actors and United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Reports, I trace institutional stories of one indicator (out of 26) developed to capture implementation of the UN Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda. The indicator investigated tracks the number of senior gender experts employed within UN Peacekeeping and Special Political Missions. Stories of progress, skill, and location in the reporting of this indicator between 2010 and 2020 highlight strategies deployed and opportunities taken by feminist-change advocates within the UN to prompt a deeper implementation of the WPS agenda. While indicators hold the danger of reinforcing neoliberal norms, the failure to conceptualise the potential for developing, utilising and/or subverting the indicators smacks of hubris, limiting opportunities for meaningful transformation.
Traumatic stress symptoms in civilians after the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war: The protective role of self-compassion and emotional intelligence
Authors: Hovnanyan Ani , Vardanyan Nelly , Moscardino Ughetta Micaela Maria , Olff Miranda , Scrimin Sara
Published: July 2024

Exposure to war is linked to negative mental health outcomes. Self-compassion and emotional intelligence may foster post-war adjustment processes differently depending on the time since the event happened. This study examines post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in civilians exposed to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war shortly after and 6 months post-conflict, while investigating self-compassion and emotional intelligence’s protective role. War-exposed civilians self-reported on PTSS, self-compassion, and trait emotional intelligence at two phases. Results showed greater PTSS shortly after war relative to 6 months later. Lower self-compassion scores were related to more PTSS at the first phase, whereas lower emotional intelligence was associated with more symptoms 6 months later. These data show how war-exposed Armenians coped, highlighting individual characteristics’ effects, and suggest varying resource utilization during post-war adjustment. Specifically, self-compassion may be a protective factor shortly after war, whereas emotional intelligence may protect individuals against having adverse health outcomes later on.
Men’s baldness stigma: A mixed methods international survey
Authors: Jankowski Glen S. , Kranz Dirk , Razum Josip
Published: July 2024

Men’s baldness can be structurally stigmatized. For example, commercialized psychology research medicalizes it as a distressing “disease.” A mixed-methods survey on baldness stigma among 357 balding men (49% from Central- and South- America, Africa, Asia) was conducted. Qualitative and quantitative responses were content analyzed into two approximate sets: those (1) impacted by baldness stigma versus (2) those resisting baldness stigma. (1) The former included about half who had internalized baldness stigma agreeing it was disadvantageous (44%) and reporting distress (39–45% e.g. “ [I] dread the future”). Participants reported baldness was stigmatized structurally (68%; e.g. “ [it’s a] humiliating image”) and were attempting to combat their baldness largely via “treatments” (57%). (2) The latter participant response set resisted baldness stigma by reporting minimal distress, and structural stigma whilst accepting baldness (33–61%). Psychosocial and evidence-based support is needed to help some men resist baldness stigmatization.
‘I think it takes balls, girl balls, to challenge those stereotypes’: Women’s perceptions of board game culture
Authors: Scoats Ryan , Maloney Marcus
Published: July 2024

Despite growing sociocultural interest in, and engagement with, tabletop hobby games, and in particular board games, the surrounding culture(s) remain underexamined. Drawing from 43 semi-structured interviews, this article explores board gaming culture from the perspective of women who play modern board games. The findings highlight women’s experiences as a minority and the difficulties they face when entering board games spaces – often perceived as ‘male spaces’ and associated with geek masculinity. The findings also show a ‘gender-gap’ in board games, where women’s reduced levels of experience, awareness and integration into board game culture act as a barrier to their participation and negatively impact their sense of belonging. Despite these barriers, the presence and experience of other women helped to deconstruct the notion that board games were solely for men. Furthermore, the findings also show how men and women are actively constructing newer, more inclusive board games cultures which eschew exclusion and challenge board game’s associations with geek masculinity. This research provides insight into some of the barriers to entry women face as well as the changing nature of contemporary board game culture.