bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TƯƠNG TÁC THỂ LOẠI TRONG MỘT SỐ TRUYỆN NGẮN VIỆT NAM Ở HẢI NGOẠI SAU 1975
Authors: Lan Đỗ
Published: March 2022

Trên cơ sở lí luận tương tác thể loại, dựa vào một số công trình nghiên cứu truyện ngắn Việt Nam ở hải ngoại sau 1975 theo khuynh hướng tìm về cội nguồn của chính mình, bài viết phân loại, phân tích và đánh giá các hiện tượng tương tác thể loại trong truyện ngắn. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy truyện ngắn hải ngoại sau 1975 thuộc khuynh hướng này có các biểu hiện tương tác thể loại giữa loại với loại, thể với thể. Tương tác loại hình tự sự hư cấu với loại hình tự sự phi hư cấu thể hiện qua các truyện ngắn có yếu tố tự truyện – hồi kí; tương tác thể với thể được thể hiện qua các truyện ngắn tiểu thuyết hóa. Từ đó, có thể khẳng định về sự tồn tại và phát triển của thể loại truyện ngắn trong bộ phận sáng tác bằng tiếng Việt của văn học Việt Nam ở hải ngoại. Đời sống truyện ngắn Việt Nam ở hải ngoại sau 1975 biểu hiện sự vận động mang tính quy luật của thể loại, và vì thế, truyện ngắn Việt Nam ở hải ngoại có những đóng góp nhất định ở bình diện loại thể trong dòng chảy văn học Việt Nam đương đại.
VẬN DỤNG MÔ HÌNH IPA TRONG ĐÁNH GIÁ CHẤT LƯỢNG DỊCH VỤ DU LỊCH TẠI CÁC LÀNG NGHỀ TRUYỀN THỐNG Ở THÀNH PHỐ ĐÀ NẴNG
Authors: Thắng Nguyễn Phú , Hồng Nguyễn Kim , Hồng Nguyễn Kim
Published: March 2022

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện tại một số làng nghề truyền thống tại thành phố Đà Nẵng nhằm mục đích đánh giá chất lượng dịch vụ du lịch. Trong nghiên cứu này, mô hình IPA (Important Performance Analysis) bao gồm mức độ quan trọng (Importance) và mức độ thực hiện (Performance) với 5 nhóm biến cụ thể là “Các yếu tố hữu hình”, “Sự tin cậy”, “Thái độ và trách nhiệm”, “Sự đảm bảo” và “Sự đồng cảm” được vận dụng. Đối tượng khảo sát là 120 khách du lịch tham quan các làng nghề truyền thống ở thành phố Đà Nẵng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy trong khi du khách đánh giá cao mức độ quan trọng của các yếu tố trên thì ngược lại phần lớn mức độ thực hiện của các yếu tố còn ở mức thấp và trung bình. Trên cơ sở này, bài viết đề xuất 4 nhóm giải pháp theo mức độ ưu tiên nhằm hoàn thiện và nâng cao hơn nữa chất lượng dịch vụ tại các làng nghề truyền thống ở thành phố Đà Nẵng.
THỰC TRẠNG THIẾT KẾ TRÒ CHƠI VẬN ĐỘNG NÂNG CAO TÍNH TÍCH CỰC CỦA TRẺ MẪU GIÁO 5-6 TUỔI TRONG GIỜ HỌC GIÁO DỤC THỂ CHẤT TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: Hoa Phan Thị Mỹ
Published: March 2022

Tính tích cực (TTC) có vai trò quan trọng đối với sự phát triển của trẻ mẫu giáo (MG) nói chung và trẻ MG 5-6 tuổi nói riêng. Đặc biệt, việc thiết kế và sử dụng trò chơi vận động (TCVĐ) trong giờ học giáo dục thể chất (GDTC) được xem là một phương tiện học tập phù hợp với đặc điểm tâm sinh lí lứa tuổi và đồng thời góp phần nâng cao TTC của trẻ MG 5-6 tuổi. Nghiên cứu này được tiến hành nhằm đánh giá thực trạng công tác thiết kế TCVĐ của các giáo viên mầm non (GVMN) cho trẻ MG 5-6 tuổi trong giờ học GDTC tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (TPHCM) bằng việc khảo sát 218 giáo viên (GV) từ 12 trường mầm non (MN) khác nhau trên địa bàn TPHCM. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy GVMN ít chú trọng vào việc thiết kế trò chơi cho trẻ, chủ yếu sử dụng các TCVĐ có sẵn (từ các nguồn tài liệu của Chương trình Giáo dục mầm non, tuyển tập các trò chơi…), các TCVĐ từ những nguồn này ít hấp dẫn, thu hút trẻ.
Observations on the production technology of the Tápióbicske and Abrudbánya gold armlets
Authors: Tarbay János Gábor , Lukács Balázs
Published: March 2022

The study discusses the technological traces of the Middle Bronze Age gold armlets with crescent-shaped terminals from Tápióbicske (Hungary, Pest County) and Abrud (Romania, Alba County). Our aim was to conduct in-depth analyses of these finds’ production technological, and use-wear traces, as well as the identification of their modern damages. Several tools, e.g., a bronze chisel, stone hammers, bronze, and hardwood awls, were used to make these exceptional finds based on surface traces. The parallels of these tools are well-known from the contemporaneous archaeological material. Our results suggest that both ornaments can be described as finished products. In the case of the Tápióbicske armlet, it was possible to identify abrasion traces related to long or intensive use. We also propose that the craftsmen working on these ornaments had an advanced technological knowledge. This statement can be applied particularly to the Tápióbicske armlet whose ornaments were made by a highly experienced, professional metal smith.
Pengembangan Permainan Edukasi guna Pengenalan Budaya Tak Benda di Indonesia berbasis Mobile
Authors: Nugroho Setyo , Adriansyah Ahmad Rio
Published: March 2022

Game “Ksatria Budaya” adalah game mobile berbasis android, yang dirancang sebagai media pengenalan warisan budaya Indonesia. Game ini memanfaatkan Unity sebagai game engine dan JSON sebagai database. Game ini merupakan perpaduan dari side scrolling game dan quiz game. Untuk melihat kelayakan game ini, penulis akan melakukan 3 pengujian yaitu black-box testing, compatibility testing, dan usability testing. Pengembangan game ini diawali dengan melakukan studi literatur terkait penelitian, budaya dan juga warisan budaya Indonesia itu sendiri. Pertanyaan yang mucul dalam game dibuat berdasarkan data yang ada di dalam situs Kemdikbud. Metode Agile SCRUM dipilih penulis dalam pengembangan game ini. Tahap yang dilakukan melalui membuat user stories, merancang product backlog, sprint planning, sprint, dan sprint review. Hasil dari pengujian game ini adalah, semua fungsi dalam game berjalan dengan baik, game dapat diinstal dan dijalankan pada perangkat yang berbeda, dan mendapatkan nilai 83% untuk usability testing. Dimana jika dikategorikan dengan tabel kriteria interpretasi skor, game ini masuk dalam kriteria sangat layak untuk digunakan.
THE EFFECTS of HEAVY MENSTRUAL BLEEDING on SCHOOL and SOCIAL LIFE in NURSING and MIDWIFERY STUDENTS
Authors: KOCAÖZ Semra , KARA Pınar , KOÇOĞLU Ferdane
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effects of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) on school and social life in nursing and midwifery students. This sectional study was conducted with 416 female students studying at the nursing and midwifery section of the health-related university higher education institution. The data were collected with a questionnaire including 30 questions on the sociodemographic and menstrual features and the effects of HMB on school and social life. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the data while paired comparisons were performed with the chi-square test. The prevalence of HMB determined according to the criteria was found to be 40.6% There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of HMB in the students and the level of the effect of menstrual bleeding on the physical activity, sleep, productivity at home, and the school, social, family and getting dressed living areas (p<0.05). Those with HMB were found to experience more shortness of breath and sleeplessness, to limit their social activities, and to have difficulties concentrating and understanding the lectures compared to those without HMB; the school success, attendance, social relationships, daily activities, self-confidence, and choosing and using clothing were found to be affected in addition to avoidance of visiting places where a long stay during the day was likely (p<0.05). We found that HMB was common in nursing and midwifery students and that it had a negative effect on the school and social areas along with many areas of their life. The students need to be made more aware of the diagnosis and treatment of HMB and guided so that they show health-seeking behavior in order to decrease the problems experienced in the school and social life areas.
THE PERCEPTION OF POLISH AGRICULTURE BY FOOD CONSUMERS
Authors: Runowski Henryk , Kramarz Paulina
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study was to determine the factors determining the perception of Polish agriculture by food consumers. With intensive changes in the methods of agricultural production, the progressive digitalization of agriculture, more and more frequent discussion of the issue of social responsibility of agriculture (in the context of caring about the condition of the natural environment or ensuring the welfare of farm animals), streams of much, often contradictory, information appearing in the media make some consumers unable to express their opinions on the condition of Polish agriculture unequivocally. The research has shown that factors such as trust, the state of knowledge or feeling of being properly informed about the course of agricultural production have a clear influence on the formation of a consumer’s positive or negative attitude towards Polish agriculture, as well as on the assessment of its modernity. The key in shaping respondent opinions turned out to be the possession of information and the inclination to obtain it.
A CORRUPÇÃO COMO UM “MAL ORIGINÁRIO”: A DESTRUIÇÃO DOS PRINCÍPIOS DEMOCRÁTICOS POR PERVERSÃO
Authors: Lopes Saldanha Jânia Maria , Cavallaro James , Magliacane Alessia
Published: March 2022

No texto apresenta-se uma dupla análise do crime de corrupção. A partir da dupla simbólica – dissimulação e perversão – afirma-se que a corrupção corrói as instituições democráticas. A análise da dupla dimensão da corrupção – sob influência do modelo econômico neoliberal e imbricada com a política – defende-se a ideia de que a corrupção, para existir, conta com atores centrais do estado de direito, ou seja, os agentes políticos quanto, alimenta e foi alimentada pelo modelo econômico que prestigia o lucro e a concorrência.
Geist des Kapitalismus oder magische Ökonomie? Die wirtschaftlichen Konsequenzen des charismatischen Christentums im urbanen Afrika
Authors: Burchardt Marian
Published: March 2022

Ausgehend von Webers Konzept der innerweltlichen Askese befasst sich der Beitrag mit den wirtschaftlichen Konsequenzen des Aufstiegs des charismatischen Christentums in Afrika. Im Kontext der wachsenden Bedeutung des charismatischen Christentums einerseits und neuen wirtschaftlichen Dynamiken und „Afro-Optimismus“-Debatten andererseits zeigt der Artikel, dass ökonomische Praktiken zwar von bestimmten Verständnissen von Unheil und Heil geprägt, gleichwohl aber nicht das Ergebnis spezifischer verhaltensregulierender Leistung von Religion sind oder funktional auf bestimmte Rationalisierungsziele bezogen werden.
Literarische und politische Öffentlichkeit Die Singularisierung ästhetischer Erfahrung und ihre Folgen
Authors: Heidenreich Felix
Published: March 2022

Für Jürgen Habermas ist die literarische Öffentlichkeit auch heute noch eine Sphäre, in der das Paradigma eines kooperativen und zugleich agonalen Diskursverhaltens eingeübt werden kann. Während im Bereich der Politik die postredaktionellen Öffentlichkeiten alle Kompetenzhierarchien kollabieren lassen, weil sich hier alle zu allem äußern können, hält sich im Bereich der Literatur eine „eigentümliche Autorität“ literarischer Werke, so Habermas. Der Aufsatz stellt diese Diagnose infrage und geht der Singularisierung ästhetischer Erfahrung in der literarischen Öffentlichkeit der Gegenwart nach. Literatur, so die These, wird heute gerade nicht mehr als eine res publica betrachtet, eine Sache, über die sich ernsthaft zu streiten lohnt. Paradoxerweise führt gerade die Professionalisierung des Feldes dazu, dass Schriftstellerinnen und Schriftsteller wie Dienstleister betrachtet werden.
My Karabakh or The Karabakh Knot
Authors: Isaxanli Hamlet
Published: March 2022

Karabakh has long been a source of tensions and confrontations; it has long exacerbated hostilities, and as a result, it has given rise to wars between Azerbaijan and Armenia and between Azerbaijanis and Armenians. How did this happen? Why did this happen? What is the root of this issue? How did this difficult situation, this jumbled knot, arise? How can this knot come untangled? These and similar questions, as well as thoughts on the Second Karabakh War in the fall of 2020, compelled me to complete this work. I have thought about Karabakh a lot, discussed it with many people, written small papers, and jotted down numerous unpublished notes. The fact that the pandemic kept us under house arrest also prompted me to continue research between October and November 2020 without hindrance, allowing me to accelerate and complete the work.

There are numerous aspects of this publication that I feel might be of interest to readers, including the history of relations between the Azerbaijani and Armenian people, my own personal observations and experiences, passages from Azerbaijani and Armenian literature, articles in the media on the life and concerns of the Azerbaijani and Armenian people, possible solutions for the current situation, and possible outcomes for the future of Karabakh. First of all, I appeal to both Azerbaijani and, especially, Armenian readers. I think there is a strong need for such a conversation between our people…
Different clinical symptoms and surgical treatment of Meckel's diverticulum in children
Authors: KOCAMAN Osman Hakan , GÜNENDİ Tansel
Published: March 2022

Objective: Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract and is usually identified incidentally during surgery for other reasons, upon radiological workup while investigating another disease or during autopsy. Among certain major symptoms of Meckel's diverticulum include gastrointestinal bleeding, volvulus, diverticulitis, intussusception, Littre's hernia or stool discharge from the umbilicus. In this study, we examined pediatric patients who were operated on for Meckel's diverticulum presenting with different clinical symptoms.

Methods: The files of pediatric patients who were operated for Meckel's diverticulum in the pediatric surgery clinic between July 2002 and July 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who underwent incidental diverticulectomy were excluded from the study.

Results: The 47 patients included in the study were 34 boys, 13 girls, and their mean age was 4.8 (1 day, 16 years). 49% of the patients were younger than 2 years old. The most common symptom observed in the patients was abdominal pain (63.8%). The most common indication for surgery was intestinal obstruction (53.2%). Intussusception was the cause in 64% of the patients in whom intestinal obstruction was the initial diagnosis. We detected gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding complaint in 12.8% of the patients. Segmentary bowel resection (46.8%) was the most common surgical procedure. In the pathological examination, ectopic tissue was found in 27 (57.4%) pathological specimens. While postoperative complications developed in 9 patients, 4 patients were treated conservatively and 5 patients were treated surgically.

Conclusion: Establishing a preoperative diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum may be difficult non other than rectal bleeding with currant jelly stool. In symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum, simple diverticulectomy, wedge resection or segmental bowel resection should be planned according to the complication caused by the diverticulum.
Evaluation of Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Activity of Ganoderma Lucidum In Rat Bone Marrow Induced By Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: BARAN Münevver , BİTGEN Nazmiye , KALKAN Kübra Tuğçe , GÖKTEPE Özge , VAROL Salih , YAY Arzu
Published: March 2022

Objective: It was aimed to investigate the antigenotoxic effect of Ganoderma lucidum against the damage caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat bone marrow cells by micronucleus test and comet analysis.

Method: In the experiment, 28 Wistar albino female rats were used and 4 groups were formed. Only physiological saline was applied to the control group. A single dose of 7.5 mg/kg LPS was administered intraperitoneally to the LPS group. LPS+ Ganoderma lucidum (GL): Ganoderma lucidum was given by gavage at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day for one week. Then, on the 8th day, LPS was applied intraperitoneally. Ganoderma lucidum group: GL was given by gavage at 50 mg/kg per day for 1 week. After 24 hours, the rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation under anesthesia. Analyzes were performed for percentage of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and Polychromatic erythrocytes/Normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) ratio and DNA damage in rat femur bone marrow cells.

Results: When the percentage of micronucleus and PCE/NCE ratio were examined, no statistical significance was observed when the groups were compared both with the control and among themselves. Compared to the control group, it was observed that the comet parameters of the experimental groups (excluding the head DNA) increased significantly. Length tail (L tail), tail DNA, olive tail moment (OTM) values were significantly different both compared to the control and among themselves. While there was a significant difference between LPS+GL group and LPS and GL groups in Tail Moment (TM) value and Length comet (L comet) value, no difference was observed between LPS and GL groups.

Conclusion: When all of the findings is considered, Ganoderma lucidum cannot be classified as a genotoxic agent. We can say, however, that it reverses the genotoxic damage in issue.
Results of Coupled Plasma Filtration Adsorption (CPFA) Treatment Applied to Critical COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: ERTÜRK Tuna , GÜVEN Bülent Barış , ÜNLÜKAHRAMAN Gülten Kevser , ERSOY Ayşın
Published: March 2022

Objective: The novel coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, causes COVID-19 disease and began a pandemic on a global scale. Uncontrolled cytokine production is observed especially in COVID-19 cases with severe progression and this situation is thought to be one of the causes of more severe disease progression and increased mortality.

In our study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of Coupled Plasma Filtration Adsorption (CPFA) treatment in situations with severe disease progression like sepsis, septic shock and multiple organ failure, considered to be secondary to cytokine storm, in COVID-19 disease.

Methods: Our study retrospectively screened data from 20 patients admitted to our intensive care unit and administered CPFA. CPFA was administered as 10 hours each session and 2 sessions with 12 hours interval.

Results: After our CPFA treatment, there were statistically significant ameliorations in clinical and laboratory findings like SOFA scores, mainly, Horowitz values, fever and IL-6 values.

Conclusion: The CPFA treatment removes the uncontrolled production of harmful cytokines/chemokines and toxic substances from the blood and shows promise in the treatment of the cytokine storm that develops in COVID-19 disease.
Which COVID-19 Patients Die in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Turkey
Authors: DURSUN Recep , MERMUTLUOGLU Cigdem , AKTAR Fesih , TEKİN Recep , KUYUMCU Mahir , YİLDİZ İsmail , KADİROGLU Ali Kemal , TÜRK Mehmet , ERBAS Erkan , CELEN Mustafa Kemal
Published: March 2022

Objective: The World Health Organization labelled the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic on March 11, 2020, the first day COVID-19 cases were diagnosed in Turkey. Since then, people's main concerns have been whether their lives or the lives of their relatives would be at risk if they became infected. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors that increase mortality in COVID-19 patients treated in ICUs and to facilitate the appropriate precautions.

Methods: In this study, patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 [positive on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test] and monitored in the Pandemic Hospital at Diyarbakır Dicle University between 15 March 15 and 15 May, 2020, were evaluated for risk factors for mortality.

Results: A total of 50 ICU patients were included in the study. Of them, 52% were males, and the mean age was 63.8±17.6 years. A comparison of deceased and surviving patients showed that being female, older than 62, and a smoker and having diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and/or coronary artery disease significantly increased mortality. An investigation of the findings from the patients' lung tomography examinations revealed that relatively prominent pulmonary involvement and localization did not affect mortality.

Conclusions: Because patients who are advanced in age, female and smokers and have comorbidities are in the high-risk group, measurements related to treating the COVID-19 disease should be improved. Laboratory parameters are useful for the evaluation of mortality and morbidity, while mechanical ventilation increased mortality.
Evaluation of Demographic and Clinical Data of Herpes Zoster Patients Admitted To Tertiary Referral Dermatology Clinic During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ATSÜ Ayse Nilhan , ORUC ADALI Görkem , CAF Nazlı , TÜRKOGLU Zafer
Published: March 2022

Background: Herpes zoster infection (shingles) occurs due to reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV) usually contracted during childhood. Dermatomal involvement is characterized by vesicular rash. Symptoms such as pain and itching are usually present. Complications may be life-threatening and/or result with sequelae. Psychogenic factors and/or other underlying systemic diseases may provoke reactivation of VZV. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection is one such factor.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic and clinical data collected from patients admitted to our tertiary referral medical center and diagnosed with herpes zoster during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Six hundred and sixty-one patients admitted to our hospital and diagnosed with herpes zoster between October 2020 and October 2021 were included in the cross-sectional retrospective study.

Results: The age range was between 1 and 90, and the mean age was 50.4±19.9 years. Fifty percent were female and 50% were male. Complications were found in 62% of the patients, and 54% had postherpetic neuralgia. A history of an additional comorbidity was found in 79% of the patients. It was observed that 10% of the patients were hospitalized, and their mean age was 66.26±14.4 years. Three percent of the patients had an association with COVID-19 vaccine/infection.

Conclusion: Our study is unique because it includes both pediatric and adult patients. Also significant for providing one-year demographic data for shingles during the COVID-19 era.
Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Tanılı Çocukların Ebeveynlerinde Riskli İnternet Kullanımı ve Dürtüsellik
Authors: MANĞAL Elif , KARAKUŞ Gonca , TAMAM Lut , NAMLI Zeynep , DEMİRKOL Mehmet Emin , ÇAM RAY Perihan
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) genetik yatkınlık gösteren nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. DEHB tanılı çocukların ailelerinde ruhsal hastalıkların görülme sıklığının arttığı belirlenmiştir ancak davranışsal bağımlılıklara yönelik yeterli veri bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada DEHB tanılı çocukların ebeveynlerinde riskli internet kullanımı ve internet aracılığıyla ulaşılan davranışsal bağımlılıklar ile dürtüsellik ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı’nda DEHB tanısıyla tedavi gören 65 çocuğun ebeveyni ve herhangi bir ruhsal hastalık tanısı bulunmayan 64 çocuğun ebeveyni kontrol grubu olarak dahil edildi. Katılımcılara Wender Utah Derecelendirme Ölçegi, Barratt Dürtüsellik Ölçeği-11 (BDÖ), Young İnternet Bağımlılığı Testi kısa formu, Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı Ölçeği kısa formu, İnternet Oyun Oynama Bozukluğu Ölçeği (İOOB-Ö) uygulandı.

Bulgular: DEHB tanılı çocuğu olan ebeveynler ve kontrol grubu sosyodemografik özellikler açısından benzerdi. Gruplar karşılaştırıldığında, DEHB tanılı çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin İOOB-Ö duygudurum değişimi, çatışma, nüks, çekilme alt grup ve toplam puan ortalamaları kontrol grubundan yüksekti (sırasıyla; p=0.02, p=0.03, p=0.03, p=0.03, p=0.02). DEHB tanılı çocuğu olan ebeveynlerde İOOB-Ö ile BDÖ arasında pozitif bir korelasyon belirlendi (rb=0.33; p
Multipl Skleroz Hastalarında Trombosit Endekslerinin ve Klinik Bulgular ile İlişkilerin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ERSOY Alevtina , TANOĞLU Ceyda
Published: March 2022

Giriş ve Amaç: Multipl skleroz (MS) patogenezinde trombositlerin rolü, henüz tam olarak aydınlatılmamakla birlikte çeşitli çalışmalarda trombosit aktivitesinin artmış olduğu ileri yöntemlerle gösterilmiştir. Klinik pratikte trombosit aktivitesi ile ilgili bilgi verecek kolay ve hızlı yöntem, trombosit endekslerinin hesaplaması olabilir. Biz bu çalışmada, MS hastalarında trombosit endekslerini ve onların klinik bulgularla ilişkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, 126 MS hastası ile yaş ve cinsiyet açısından eşleştirilmiş 127 kontrol birey dahil edilmiştir. Multipl skleroz hastalarının lökosit, nötrofil, lenfosit, trombosit (PLT) sayıları, ortalama trombosit hacmi (MPV), trombosit dağılım genişliği (PDW), plateletkrit (PCT) ve bu değerlerin oranları kontrol grubundaki veriler ile karşılaştırılmış, MS klinik bulguları ile ilişkileri değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Multipl skleroz grubunda kontrol grubuna göre lökosit, lenfosit ve nötrofil sayısı düşük, MPV, PDW, PDW/PLT, PLT indeksi, platelet lenfosit oranı (PLR), nötrofil lenfosit oranı (NLR) ve platelet nötrofil oranı (PNR) değerleri anlamlı yüksek bulunmuştur. Tedavi alan MS grubunda lökosit, lenfosit ve nötrofil değerleri MS tedavisi almayan gruba göre anlamlı düşük, PLR ve PNR değerleri anlamlı yüksek saptanmıştır. MPV, PDW, PDW/PLT, NLR ve PLT indeksi açısından tedavi alan ve almayan MS grupları arasında anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır.

Tartışma ve Sonuç: Bu çalışmada MS hastalarında trombosit aktivitesinin artmış olduğu, bu aktivitenin hemogramdaki trombosit parametreleri ile tespit edilebildiği ve modifiye edici tedaviden (DMT) etkilenmediği gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, immünomodulatör tedaviye rağmen NLR değerlerinin azalmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Kronik trombosit aktivasyonun ve enflamasyonun olması antiplatelet ilaçlarının kullanımı MS için potansiyel bir tedavi yaklaşımını gerekli kılmaktadır.
Alt Solunum Yolu Enfeksiyonu Olan Çocuklarda Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Enfeksiyon İnsidansının Araştırılması
Authors: GÜMÜŞ Hatice Hale , YARKIN Fügen
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bütün dünyada infant ve çocuklarda yüksek mortalite ve morbidite ile seyreden alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarının majör sebebidir. Bu çalışmada amacımız hastanede yatan ve alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu olan infant ve çocuklarda RSV enfeksiyonlarınıninsidansının araştırmak ve tanı yöntemi olarak direkt immunfloresan test ile ters transkripsiyon polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Recation; RT-PCR) testlerini karşılaştırmaktır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ocak 2011 ve Ocak 2012 tarihleri arasında alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu olup hastaneye yatırılan toplam 323 hastayı (0-15 yaş) dahil ettik. Floklueküvyon (Copan Diagnostics, Italy) ile alınan nazofaringeal sürüntü örneklerinde RSV antijenini direkt immunfloresan test (Argene SA, France) ile, RSV RNA varlığını ise in-housenested RT-PCR yöntemi ile araştırdık.

Bulgular: Toplam 323 örneğin 95’inde (%29,4) RT-PCR ile RSV RNA, 88’inde (%27,6) ise direkt immunfloresan test yöntemi ile RSV antijen pozitifliği tespit ettik. Örneklerin 80’inini (%25) her iki yöntem ile pozitif, 220’sini (%68) ise her iki yöntem ile negatif bulduk. RT-PCR testine göre kıyasladığımızda direkt immunfloresan testinin sensitivitesini %84,2, spesifitesini %96,5, pozitif prediktif değerini %91 ve negatif prediktif değerini %93,6 bulduk.

Sonuç: Çalışma grubunda RSV enfeksiyonlarının insidansının (%29,4) oldukça yüksek olduğunu tespit ettik. Sonuç olarak antiviral tedavinin erken başlanması ve nozokomiyal yayılımın azaltılması için %84 gibi yüksek sensitivite gösteren, daha hızlı bir test (2.5 saate karşılık 12 saat) olan direkt immunfloresan testinin ilk tanı testi olarak kullanılmasını ve test sonucu negatif bulunan örneklerin RT-PCR ile çalışılmasını öneriyoruz.
Deneysel İskemi / Reperfüzyon Modeli Uygulanmış Dişi Sıçanlarda Tuba Uterina Dokusuna Pycnogenol ’un Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SUNAR Mukadder , YAZICI Gülce Naz
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Adneksiyal torsiyon; en önemli jinekolojik acil durumlardan biri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Adneksiyal torsiyondan etkilenen organlarda biri de tuba uterinadır. Ovaryum ve tuba uterinayı içeren adneksiyal torsiyon, bu yapıların infundibulopelvik ve tuba – ovaryum ligamentinin oluşturduğu bir merkez hat etrafında bükülerek dönmesi olarak tarif edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, dişi sıçanlarda deneysel adneksiyal torsiyon ile oluşturulan iskemi /reperfüzyon (IR) tuba uterina hasarına karşı bir antioksidan olan pycnogenol ’un (PYC) olası koruyucu etkisini histolojik ve biyokimyasal yöntemlerle incelemeyi amaçladık.

Yöntemler: 18 adet Wistar albino cinsi dişi sıçan randomize olarak 3 gruba ayrıldı. 1. Grup Sağlıklı kontrol (K), 2. Grup I/R Grubu (IR), 3. Grup I/R + Pycnogenol Grubu (PIR) olarak belirlendi. Sağ adneksa iskemi durumu vasküler klipslerle oluşturuldu. İki saat boyunca iskemi uygulandıktan sonra adneksa 2 saat boyunca reperfüze edildi. Daha sonra sıçanlar yüksek doz anestezi altında sakrifiye edilerek; tuba uterina dokularında malondialdehit (MDA) ve toplam glutatyon (tGSH) seviyeleri ile biyokimyasal olarak incelendi. Aynı zamanda dokular, rutin histolojik tespit ve takip yöntemlerinden geçirilerek histopatolojik olarak değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmada MDA seviyeleri değerlendirildiğinde; K grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında IR grubunda istatistiksel anlamlı artış, K ve PIR grubu MDA seviyelerinde ise benzerlik tespit edildi. tGSH seviyelerinde yine K grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında IR grubunda anlamlı düşüş, IR ve PIR grupları arasında ise benzerlik gözlemlendi. Histopatolojik değerlendirmelerde ise, IR uygulamasının tuba uterina dokusunda belirgin epitelyal dejenerasyon, hemoraji, ödem, PMNL infiltrasyonu ve kan damarlarında kongesyon /dilatasyona neden olduğu gözlemlendi. PIR grubunda ise bahsedilen histopatolojik değişimlerin oldukça azaldığı dikkati çekti. Özellikle PMNL infiltrasyonu ve hemorajinin, IR grubunda oldukça yoğun olduğu ve bu değişimlerin PIR grubunda istatistiksel anlamlı olarak azaldığı tespit edildi.

Sonuç: Çalışmamızın biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik değerlendirmeler yaparak bu değerlendirmelerimizi istatistiksel analizler ile de destekledik. Sonuç olarak, dişi sıçanlarda AT ile oluşturulmuş tuba uterina IR hasarına karşı, antioksidan olarak kullanmış olduğumuz PYC ’nin histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal yönlerden koruyucu etkisi olduğu kanısına vardık.
Karpal Tünel Sendromunun Şiddeti İle Nötrofil/Lenfosit ve Platelet/Lenfosit Oranının Arasındakı İlişki
Authors: MAİL GÜRKAN Zahide , TANTİK PAK Aygül , ŞENGÜL Yıldızhan , ÖZTÜRK İlker
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, karpal tünel sendromu (KTS)’nun şiddeti ile sistemik inflamasyonun belirteçlerinden nötrofil/lenfosit oranı (NLO) ve platelet/lenfosit oranı (PLO)’nın arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya Haziran 2020 ve Ocak 2021 tarihleri arasında Gaziosmanpaşa Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Nöroloji Kliniği Elektromiyografi laboratuvarına başvuran, klinik ve elektrofizyolojik olarak KTS tanısı konan 18 yaş üstü 119 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların tümüne elektrofizyolojik yöntemler ile tanı konulmuş ve hastalar KTS’nin şiddetine göre hafif, orta ve ağır olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Tüm hastaların NLO ve PLO değerleri hesaplanmıştır. KTS’nin şiddetine göre NLO ve PLO değerleri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır.

Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya alınan hastaların 97’si (%81,5) kadındır. Hastaların yaş ortalamaları 49,86±12,21’dir. Hastaların elektrofizyolojik incelemelerine göre 74’ü (%62,2) hafif, 29’u (%24,4) orta ve 16’sı (%13,4) ağır olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Hastaların NLO’larının ortalaması 1,87±0,92, PLO’larının ortalaması 107,78±39,78’tir. Hastaların elektrofizyolojik yöntemlere göre sınıflandırılan hafif, orta ve ağır KTS grupları arasında NLO ve PLO değerleri karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir korelasyon bulunamamıştır (p=0,74, p=0,88).

Sonuç: Bu çalışmada inflamasyonun, KTS'nin şiddeti üzerinde etkisi gösterilememiştir. Lokal inflamasyon olduğuna dair veriler olsa da noninflamatuar fibrozis, KTS patolojisinde önemlidir. Bunun yanı sıra sistemik inflamatuar hastalıklarda sıklıkla görülmesi, sistemik inflamasyon ile ilişkinin farklı açılardan araştırılmasını gerektirmektedir.
CTBP1 ve NF2 Gen Ekspresyonlarının Prostat Kanser Hücrelerinde KDM6A/B Aracılı Epigenetik Regülasyonunun İncelenmesi
Authors: YILDIRIM BUHARALIOĞLU Gökçe
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, epigenetik regülatörlerden lizin demetilaz 6A (KDM6A) ve/veya lizin demetilaz 6B’nin (KDM6B) prostat kanseri oluşumu ve progresyonunda rol oynayan C Terminal bağlayıcı protein1 (CTBP1) ve Nörofibromatozis Tip2 (NF2) ekspresyonlarının regülasyonu üzerindeki modüle edici rolünün aydınlatılmasıdır.

Yöntemler: Prostat kanseri metastatik hücreleri LNCaP’lere KDM6 ailesi selektif inhibitörü GSK-J4 uygulanıp, total RNA izolasyonu ve cDNA sentezi yapılarak; CTBP1 ve NF2 mRNA düzeylerindeki değişiklikler reverse transcription-quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) ile gösterilmiştir. Saptanan değişikliklerin transkripsiyonel inhibisyondan kaynaklanıp kaynaklanmadığını araştırmak üzere CTBP1 ve NF2 pre-spliced mRNA düzeylerindeki değişiklikler RT-qPCR ile ölçülmüştür. KDM6A ve/veya KDM6B’nin (KDM6A/B) small interfering RNA (siRNA) aracılı susturulduğu hücrelerde CTBP1 ve NF2 mRNA düzeylerindeki değişiklikler RT-qPCR ile gösterilerek bu genlerin KDM6 enzimlerinin hangisi tarafından regüle edildiği belirlenmiştir.

Bulgular: CTBP1 ve NF2 rölatif mRNA düzeyleri GSK-J4 ile %45 ve %49 azalmıştır. Saptanan azalmaların CTBP1 ve NF2 mRNA ekspresyonlarının GSK-J4 tarafından transkripsiyonel baskılanmasıyla ilişkili olup olmadığını belirlemek üzere yapılan RT-qPCR deneylerinde CTBP1 ve NF2 pre-spliced mRNA düzeyleri de %43, %29 azalmıştır. GSK-J4’ün KDM6 ailesine selektif bir inhibitör olması nedeniyle CTBP1 ve NF2 mRNA ekspresyonlarının hangi KDM6 enzimi tarafından kontrol edildiğini belirlemek amacıyla KDM6A ve/veya KDM6B susturulduğunda; KDM6A ve KDM6B dual inhibisyonunda CTBP1 ve NF2 mRNA düzeyleri %56, %39 azalmıştır.

Sonuç: Özetle; GSK-J4 uygulanmasıyla CTBP1 ve NF2 mRNA düzeylerinde saptadığımız azalmaların transkripsiyondaki değişiklikten kaynaklandığı pre-spliced mRNA verilerimizle güçlü bir şekilde desteklenmiştir. KDM6A ve KDM6B’nin her ikisinin de CTBP1 ve NF2 ekspresyonlarının prostat kanserindeki regülasyonunda kontrol edici rollerinin olduğunun gösterilmesi; terapötik olarak hedeflenebilecek, KDM6A ve KDM6B aracılığıyla CTBP1 ve NF2 ekspresyonlarını modüle eden yeni bir mekanizmanın aydınlatılmasına katkı sağlayabilir.
hCG Günü Serum Estradiol ve Progesteron Değerleri, Antagonist Protokollü IVF-ICSI Sikluslarında Tedavi Başarısını Etkiler mi?
Authors: DEĞER Uğur , ÇAVUŞ Yunus , OKUTUCU Gülcan , PEKER Nurullah
Published: March 2022

Amaç: GnRH antagonist protokollü IVF-ICSI sikluslarında hCG günü çalışılan serum estradiol ve progesteron değerlerinin tedavi sürecini, implantasyon ve klinik gebelik oranlarını nasıl etkilediğini araştırmak amaçlandı.

Yöntemler: İkinci basamak bir merkezde, 2019-2020 yılları arasında kontrollü ovaryan stimülasyon (KOS) sonrası ICSI tedavisi uygulanan IVF-embriyo transferi (ET) siklusu yapılan hastalar retrospektif olarak tarandı. Hastalar, hCG uygulandığı güne ait serum östradiol (E2) seviyesine göre üç gruba ayrıldı: Grup A (4000 pg/ml). Ayrıca, hCG uygulanan güne ait serum P4 seviyesine göre de
Taxonomic review of Kokeshia Miyamoto, 1960 from China, with description of ten new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Schizopteridae)
Authors: Luo Jiu-Yang , Xie Qiang
Published: March 2022

The species of Kokeshia Miyamoto, 1960 from China are reviewed, K. hsiaoi Ren & Zheng, 1992 is redescribed, and ten new species from China are described. Among these new species, K. baii sp. nov., was collected from Hong Kong, and the other nine, K. acutiformis sp. nov., K. bui sp. nov., K. caii sp. nov., K. drepanoides sp. nov., K. hilli sp. nov., K. pengae sp. nov., K. redeii sp. nov., K. renae sp. nov. and K. weirauchae sp. nov., from Yunnan. Thus, the number of known species of this genus is increased from eight to eighteen. Photographs of the habitus, forewing, abdomen and genitalic structures; drawings and scanning electron micrographs of male abdomen and genitalic structures are provided. A key to all the species currently recognized in the genus Kokeshia is presented, a distribution map and checklist for all known species is provided.
Editorial: A New Beginning
Authors: Weber Mary Beth
Published: March 2022

When I wrote the October column, I truly thought it would be my last column. This time, it really is my final column! A search is in progress for the next LRTS Editor. A change in leadership is a good thing while Core is maturing. A new editor will bring a different perspective and experience, and I am confident the journal will flourish under this individual. LRTS Book Review Editor Elyssa Gould, who began working with me in 2014, will also complete her term. Rather than a Book Review Editor, there will be an Assistant Editor, who also handles book reviews. This model is consistent with Core’s other two peer-reviewed scholarly journals.
Book Review: The Complete Guide to Institutional Repositories
Authors: Hennessey Christina L.
Published: March 2022

This edited volume by Stephen Craig Finlay on institutional repositories (IRs) involves mostly-United States-based academic library author contributors. These contributions share different project perspectives from scholarly communication and institutional repository librarians, but also share project perspectives from library personnel in the areas of reference, assessment, and special collections. The book is divided into many chapters on planning and implementation of an IR, followed by several case studies and experiences from various libraries and institutions. Most chapters are followed with an extensive list of references and notes for further reading.
Dose ótima econômica de nitrogênio e folha diagnóstica para avaliação do estado nutricional do feijão-caupi
Authors: Cruz Gabriel dos Santos da , Vera Geania de Sousa , Souza Ivanderlete Marques de , Ferreira Ane Caroline Melo , Silva Kaesel Jackson Damasceno e , Alcantara Rosa Maria Cardoso Mota de , Melo Francisco de Brito , Souza Henrique Antunes de
Published: March 2022

Considerando que a nutrição da cultura é preponderante para obtenção de elevadas produtividades, objetivou-se determinar a dose ótima econômica de N associada à máxima produtividade técnica e econômica. Adicionalmente, realizar correlações entre cultivares de feijão-caupi com os teores de N e a produtividade. O experimento foi conduzido nas condições edafoclimáticas de Teresina, PI, em um Neossolo Flúvico, no segundo semestre de 2017, em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (2x2x5), cujos fatores foram: (i) genótipos de feijão-caupi (BRS Imponente e BRS Itaim), (ii) época de aplicação da adubação nitrogenada (fundação+cobertura ou totalmente em cobertura) e (iii) doses de N (zero, 10, 30, 50 e 70 kg ha-1 – fonte ureia). As variáveis mensuradas foram a análise do N total do tecido vegetal com a coleta da folha +1 e +3, além da produtividade de grãos. Quando analisamos o efeito da interação houve significância somente para os fatores época de aplicação e doses de N, e quando desdobramos as doses para cada época de adubação nitrogenada o melhor modelo de resposta foi o quadrático, cujo ponto de máxima produtividade física foram verificados com as doses de 34 e 44 kg ha-1 de N para a aplicação na fundação+cobertura e totalmente em cobertura, respectivamente. Ainda, a doses mais econômica para a aplicação de N em fundação+cobertura e totalmente em cobertura foram de 26,0 e 35,6 kg ha-1, respectivamente. Para o N a folha que melhor representa o estado nutricional para a diagnose foliar mostrou-se ser a +3.
Influence of common bean genotypes and rhizobia interaction for nodulation and nitrogen fixation
Authors: Milcheski Viviane de Fátima , Senff Sindi Elen , Orsi Nicole , Botelho Gloria Regina , Fioreze Ana Carolina da Costa Lara
Published: March 2022

Bacteria from the rhizobia group are able to associate symbiotically with bean crop, forming nodules in the root, in which the biological nitrogen-fixing process occurs. However, the efficiency of this process has been low and it can be attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of nodulation of local varieties and commercial common bean cultivars inoculated with a Rhizobium tropici strain used in commercial inoculants and rhizobia isolates from common bean root nodules. The experiment was carried out in a factorial scheme (2x4), in a randomized block design with four replicates. It was tested two local varieties and two commercial cultivars, inoculated with the reference Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT899 and the RBZ14 strain isolated from common bean nodules grown in soils of Southern Brazil, in adapted Leonard-type pots. The CIAT899 strain promoted either higher mass of viable nodules and higher nitrogen accumulation in the aerial part. The black group local variety showed better response than the cultivar TAA Dama for nodule viability, suggesting more efficiency for nodulation. The interaction between genotypes (local varieties and commercial cultivars) and bacteria showed the specificity of the complex symbiotic relationship of biological nitrogen fixation in common bean, requiring further studies of these interactions.
The Relationship Between Urinary Stone Disease and Nutrition Type in Infants
Authors: Latt Kyaw Zin , Turkmenoglu Yelda , Kacar Alper , Irdem Ahmet , Dursun Hasan
Published: March 2022

The relationship between urinary stone disease and nutrition in infants is not well known. This study investigates the relationship between breast milk, formula and supplementary foods, vitamin D usage, and family stone history with urinary system stones in children aged 3-24 months. The study included 100 infants aged 3-24 months of age with urinary tract stones and 40 healthy infants with similar age and gender as the control group. Sixty of the patients were boys, and 40 were girls; the control group consisted of 26 boys and 16 girls. There was no significant difference in only breastfeeding, breastfeeding plus formula, and formula feeding in the patients and controls. Positive family history of urolithiasis was significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls (p=0.04). While breastfeeding duration time was negatively correlated with spot urine calcium to creatinine ratio in children exclusively breastfed infants. No direct effect of nutrition type and vitamin D usage on stone formation was found in infants. It has been shown that stone formation in this age group is associated with a family history of stones. In this study, the duration of breastfeeding is negatively correlated with the spot urinary calcium to creatinine ratio.
Risk Factors for Undernutrition among Children in South Central Somalia
Authors: Zikusooka Monica , Tawfik Hebatullah , Robare Joseph
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Undernutrition is a global public health challenge, especially in countries that experience extreme climate conditions and armed conflict. In Somalia, undernutrition is chronic, often graded for emergency response. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence on immediate, proximate, and distal risk factors for undernutrition in the most affected region of Somalia.

Setting: Data for the study was from cross-sectional nutritional surveys implemented by the Somalia Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit. Sampling for the surveys followed a multistage cluster sampling methodology where in the first stage, 30 clusters were randomly assigned to villages, and then 30 households were randomly selected from each cluster. Generalized Estimation Equations were used to determine risk factors for undernutrition. Data analysis followed survey analysis procedures.

Participants: 60,856 children aged 6-59 months from cross-sectional nutritional surveys implemented in South-Central Somalia from 2007 to 2012.

Results: When factors at the individual, household, and society level were considered simultaneously, diarrhea diseases and geographical region were the main risk factors for underweight, child gender, meal frequency, and livelihood zone were risk factors for stunting, while diarrhea and livelihood zone were the risk factors for wasting. Geographical region and livelihood system were significant factors for undernutrition.

Conclusions: Interventions to address undernutrition in Somalia should be tailored to the region and livelihood zone while prioritizing innovative climate-smart food production and addressing childhood illnesses. The study findings provide evidence to inform nutrition policy and programs that could eliminate nutrition disparities and the burden of childhood undernutrition in Somalia and other countries with similar contexts.
Magnitudes of Immunization Dropout Rate and Predictors for 12-23 Months Aged Children in Abobo District Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Kassaw Ayalew , Mariam Abebe Gebere , Kebede Alemi , Kebede Fassikaw
Published: March 2022

Vaccination is the epicenter of preventive care for good children's health outcomes in each nation. Nevertheless, a number of factors have been hindering the attainment of targets from providing complete vaccination in different nations. This study aims to assess predictors of immunizations in 12-23 months aged children in Abobo District, Gambela regions southwest Ethiopia.

Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was employed in 436 pairs of mothers to children aged 12–23 months from 12 marches---27 April 2019. The study participant was recruited by multistage-sampling were used for each kebele. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 after cleaning and coded, exported to STATA/SE-14/R logistic regression analysis. Variables with P-value <0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were transported into multivariable logistic regression. A variable with 95%CI in AOR was used as claim predictors for the dropout rate.

Results: The overall dropout rate of immunization from completion was found 25.8% (95%CI: 21.5--30.2). Factors like mothers did not attend ANC (AOR= 4.59, 95% CI: 2.58, 7.84), being home delivery (AOR=6.46, 95% CI: (3.5--- 11.4), postponed last immunization scheduled (AOR=3.44, 95% CI: 1.98---5.97), children ill during measles vaccine (AOR=1.83, 95% CI: (1.02---3.28), Mothers refused ≥30 minutes for vaccine service waiting (AOR=3.58, 95% CI: (1.99, 6.44) were significantly associated with immunization dropout out.

Conclusion: The immunization dropout rate was unacceptable and higher compared to WHO reference (<10%). Home delivery postponed measles vaccine, child illness, ANC status Service refusal ≥30 minutes waiting for the vaccine were independently associated with dropout.