bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Buckling Performance of Cold-Formed Steel Face-to-Face Built-Up Columns
Authors: Wei Lizhen , Luo Kai , Yang Jingjie , Li Haifeng , Ning Xizhan , Xu Yuye
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an experimental, numerical, and theoretical investigation of cold-formed steel face-to-face built-up columns (CFS-FBC). Twelve global buckling built-up columns with different lengths and screw arrangements were experimentally studied. According to the test results, the load-bearing capacity of CFS-FBC was significantly affected by the arrangement of screws. Decreasing screw spacing from 300[Formula: see text]mm to 200[Formula: see text]mm resulted in a 1–5% increase in load-bearing capacity, while further reducing it to 100[Formula: see text]mm led to an increase of 10–20%. Numerical models were created and calibrated based on compression tests, with parametric analyses conducted to further explore the influence of screw arrangements. It was demonstrated that the most effective method to improve the global buckling behavior of the CFS-FBC was reducing the screw spacing. The theoretical elastic global buckling load of CFS-FBC was derived based on the energy method, taking into account screw arrangements and shearing stiffness. The derived buckling load was compared with the simulation results to validate its accuracy, and then it was introduced into the AISI-S100 design framework to calculate the load-bearing capacity of CFS-FBC. It was found that the proposed method has excellent advantages in accuracy and effectiveness. A reliability analysis was carried out to indicate that the proposed method was on the safety side in predicting the load-bearing capacity of CFS-FBC.
Existence and stability of solutions for a nonlocal multi-point and multi-strip coupled boundary value problem of nonlinear fractional Langevin equations
Authors: Alsaedi Ahmed , Saeed Hafed A. , Alsulami Hamed
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we investigate a nonlocal multi-point and multi-strip coupled boundary value problem of nonlinear fractional Langevin equations. The standard fixed point theorems (Leray–Schauder’s alternative and Banach’s fixed point theorem) are applied to derive the existence and uniqueness results for the given problem. We also discuss the Ulam–Hyers stability for the given system. Examples illustrating the obtained results are presented. Some new results appearing as special cases of the present ones are also indicated.
Super cycling stability of Li-ion battery with 100%-Si@C anode
Authors: Ma Lei , Wang Shengbin , Wang Xusheng , Chen Zhi , Sun Lijia , Wang Shiwen , Gao Bonan , Qi Yadi , Xing Yalan
Published: November 2024

Silicon (Si) exhibits great potential as an anode material for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, its limited cycling performance hinders its large-scale application. Here, we demonstrated that controlling the depth of lithiation of Si@C particles could enhance its reversibility of structure, employing suitable binders could prevent fragmentation of electrodes, and optimizing the full-cell parameters could improve the interface stability. These strategies synergistically contributed to the enhanced cycling performance of 100%-Si@C anode battery with a specific energy density exceeding 380 Wh/kg. This study provides valuable insights into the lithiation mechanism of Si@C anodes and offers guidelines for the future design in developing 100%-Si battery.
High piezocatalytic performance driven by peak flow kinetic energy in polymer piezoelectric composite films
Authors: Gao Wenpeng , Xie Bing , Liu Zhiyong , Guo Kun , Mao Pu
Published: November 2024

Piezocatalysis is an emerging approach for degrading organic dye. However, the limited availability of ultrasonic resources in nature restricts its practical application. Our proposed peak flow kinetic energy piezocatalytic strategy, based on a “waterfall flow” model, aims to simulate the piezocatalytic degradation of pollutants in nature. This innovative strategy can enhance degradation efficiency by adjusting the flow rate and drop height. When 140[Formula: see text]mL of rhodamine B (RhB) dye solution flows at a rate of 1000[Formula: see text]mL/min from a height of 48[Formula: see text]cm and impacts a 3 cm diameter BaTiO3 nanowires/PVDF piezoelectric composite film, a degradation rate of 90% can be achieved within 120[Formula: see text]min. This rapid degradation is primarily attributed to the efficient conversion of kinetic energy into impact force as the water falls, which triggers the generation of piezopotential in the composite film. This, in turn, drives the separation and transmission of electron–hole pairs, leading to the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and facilitating fast organic dye degradation. The pulsating nature of the impact force ensures a continuous generation of ROS. This approach is poised to advance piezocatalysis for the degradation of organic dyes in natural environments and presents a novel method for wastewater treatment.
Comparative energy analysis of spherical fuzzy indices in decision-making problems
Authors: Some Biswajit , Pal Anita
Published: November 2024

Molecular descriptors, such as topological indices (TIs), play a crucial role in network theory, spectral graph theory, and molecular chemistry. Spherical fuzzy graphs (SFGs), an extension of picture fuzzy graphs (PFGs), utilize topological indices from crisp graphs to provide a broader analytical framework. This article defines second Zagreb, Randić, arithmetic-geometric, geometric-arithmetic, and Sombor indices and matrices for SFGs, along with their energy and Laplacian measures. An example demonstrates how SFGs energies relate to these indices. Lastly, SFGs aid decision-making by evaluating these energies in comparative analyses to determine optimal links between neighboring countries.
Current Analysis and Optimal Control of a Spinning Bare Electrodynamic Tether System During its Spin-up Process
Authors: Wang Yizhuo , Li Aijun , Lu Hongshi , Zabolotnov Y. M. , Wang Changqing
Published: November 2024

This paper mainly studies the electrical current control of the spinning bare electrodynamic tether system (SBEDT) during its spin-up process. The SBEDT combines the high electrical absorption efficiency of bare tethers and the centrifugal stability of spinning tethers, which provides a propellant-free solution to missions including space debris removal, artificial gravity, and payload transportation. However, the nonlinear current distribution of bare tethers poses serious challenges to its dynamic and control. To deal with this problem, this paper focuses on the current analysis and optimal control of tether motions. First, a dynamic model is established for analyzing the varying currents in different positions, and the analytical expressions of the electrodynamic force are given. Second, the minimum tether length for spin-up is calculated by the maximum equilibrium position, providing a theoretical basis for system design. Third, an optimal tether deploying/retrieving controller is proposed to adjust electrodynamic force. The control law is designed according to the Bellman optimality principle, which tracks the angular velocity and controls the tether length within a certain range. Under the proposed analyzing method and the corresponding control strategy, spinning stability can be maintained during the spin-up process and the system successfully reaches the desired spinning state.
Improving Quadrotor Tracking Performance in Wind Disturbances Using Hybrid Reinforcement Learning Control
Authors: Wang Mengyun , Liu Yunzhuo , Niu Yifeng , Yang Yuqi
Published: November 2024

The control performance of model-based control approaches depends on the accuracy of the system dynamics. However, due to unknown environmental disturbances, quadrotor dynamics are time-varying during real-world flight, and real-time updating of the dynamics is required to avoid degradation of control performance due to model errors. To address this challenging issue, this paper proposes a hybrid controller that combines model predictive control (MPC) with model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) to improve quadrotor trajectory tracking accuracy in unknown wind conditions. The MPC controller uses simple dynamics identified from offline flight data. The MBRL controller learns MPC-augmented dynamics represented by the Gaussian process (GP) and the residual policy from online flight data. The RL controller outputs additional actions to compensate for MPC control errors, while MPC can ensure the safety of RL exploration. The computational cost of GP when dealing with a large dataset affects the real-time performance. We design a priority data selection criterion to maintain a small dataset, balancing model accuracy and computational time. The accurate tracking results for different reference trajectories under various wind conditions demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach. Comparative results with nominal MPC and related baselines show the advantages of the proposed approach in terms of control and real-time performance.
Adaptive Prescribed Time Control Method for Automatic Carrier Landing System
Authors: Yao Zhuoer , Li Daochun , Xiang Jinwu , Kan Zi
Published: November 2024

To address the issue of the short landing time and high convergence speed requirements for carrier-based aircraft, an adaptive prescribed time control (APTC) method is proposed. This method combines adaptive technique to estimate and compensate for modeling uncertainties and disturbances in the landing system. It ensures custom-defined prescribed time convergence for glide path tracking errors, regardless of initial states and control parameters. The stability of the landing control method is proven using the Lyapunov function theorem. Based on this method, an Automatic Carrier Landing System (ACLS) for carrier-based aircraft is developed. Numerical simulation tests with different convergence times verify that the method can achieve custom-defined prescribed time convergence. Finally, by introducing the PID and traditional prescribed time control methods for comparison, the numerical results demonstrate that the proposed APTC method achieves faster convergence speed and higher convergence accuracy in landing trajectory tracking.
EdgeCross: Cloud Scale Traffic Management at Peering Edges
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Mi Penghui , Zhu Yong , An Baoyi , Wang Yinhua , Wang Lixiang , Yu Xuezhi , Xie Qiong , Huang Xiang , Yin Mingliang , Ji Chaoyang , Sun Wei , Lv Yihang , Chen Yuhang , Nguyen Cam-Tu , Tian Chen , Fu Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

Cloud providers deployed dozens of PoPs and data centers globally to serve billions of geo-distributed users. The traffic management at peering edges has become a key capability of cloud network operators to meet the diverse demands of users. With the rapid growth of cloud applications, users have recently announced new performance requirements, e.g., achieving latency as low as possible instead of maintaining a specified delay. The conventional inter-domain bandwidth allocation approach, which aims to reduce the high operating expenditures of bandwidth usage, fails to meet these new requirements. We further reveal that the flow scheduling among PoPs may fail due to the limited link capacity hidden by the cloud private backbone network controller. Therefore we seek a new traffic management at peering edges.

We propose a new controller framework, EdgeCross, that satisfies not only users' emerging demands but maintains low operating costs. The large number of fine-grain application-aware flows and the consideration of backbone links' capacity lead to very high complexity of routing computation and verification for the controller. EdgeCross introduces a two-phase operation that first achieves the low-expense bandwidth allocation according to the standard 95th percentile billing model and then allocates specified flows to peering edges based on users' requirements. EdgeCross further reduces large memory consumption by proposing an effective routing table compression approach. The evaluation based on a production network with 16 PoPs has shown that EdgeCross can successfully process the routes of 1 billion flows in 10 seconds, reduce the average delay for performance-sensitive flows by 2 milliseconds compared to traditional BGP, and is able to save the bandwidth cost by 10-26% compared to the state-of-the-art Cascara.
F3: Fast and Flexible Network Telemetry with an FPGA coprocessor
Authors: Feng Weiqi , Gao Jiaqi , Chen Xiaoqi , Antichi Gianni , Basat Ran Ben , Shao Michael Mingchao , Zhang Ying , Yu Minlan
Published: November 2024

Traffic monitoring in the dataplane is vital for reacting to network events such as microbursts, incast, and attacks. However, current solutions are constrained by the limited resources available on modern ASICs and don't provide the flexibility required to identify repeating patterns, such as applications whose flows communicate with a server at regular intervals. While such flexibility can be achieved using a co-processing CPU, it is generally too slow to provide insights quickly enough. In this paper, we show how an FPGA co-processor placed alongside the switching pipeline enables flexible traffic monitoring at data plane rates. While FPGAs have large memory and expressive processing, their throughput is significantly lower than switch ASICs. To bridge the throughput gap, we split query execution between the switch and FPGA and present methods that prevent processing all packets in FPGA. As a result, our system misses up to 5.0x fewer DDoS attack vectors than ACC-Turbo, the state-of-the-art on-switch solution, and up to 24% fewer microburst-contributing flows for the same precision rate.
The Multiple Benefits of a Secure Transport for BGP
Authors: Wirtgen Thomas , Rybowski Nicolas , Pelsser Cristel , Bonaventure Olivier
Published: November 2024

BGP distributes prefixes advertised by Autonomous Systems (ASes) and computes the best paths between them. It is the only routing protocol used to exchange interdomain routes on the Internet. Since its original definition in the late 1980s, BGP uses TCP. To prevent attacks, BGP has been extended with features such as TCP-MD5, TCP-AO, GTSM and data-plane filters. However, these ad hoc solutions were introduced gradually as the Internet grew. In parallel, TLS was standardized to secure end-to-end data-plane communications. Today, a large proportion of the Internet traffic is secured using TLS. Surprisingly, BGP still does not use TLS despite its adequate security features to establish BGP sessions. In this paper, we make the case for using a secure transport with BGP. This can be achieved with TLS combined with TCP-AO or by replacing TCP by QUIC. This protects the BGP stream using established secure transport protocols. In addition, we show that a secure transport using X.509 certificates enables BGP routers to be securely and automatically configured from these certificates. We extend the open-source BIRD BGP daemon to support TLS with TCP-AO and QUIC, to handle such certificates and demonstrate several use cases that benefit from the secure and automated capabilities enabled by our proposal.
Leveraging On-demand Processing to Co-optimize Scalability and Efficiency for Fully-external Graph Computation
Authors: Yang Tsun-Yu , Chen Yizou , Liang Yuhong , Yang Ming-Chang
Published: November 2024

Fully-external graph computation systems exhibit optimal scalability by computing the ever-growing, large-scale graph with a constant amount of memory on a single machine. In particular, they keep the entire massive graph data in storage and iteratively load parts of them into memory for computation. Nevertheless, despite the merit of optimal scalability, their unreasonably-low efficiency often makes them uncompetitive, and even unpractical, to the other types of graph computation systems. The key rationale is that most existing fully-external graph computation systems over-emphasize retrieving graph data from storage through sequential access. Although this principle achieves high storage bandwidth, it often causes reading excessive and irrelevant data, which can severely degrade their overall efficiency.

Therefore, this work presents Seraph, a fully-external graph computation system that achieves optimal
S
calability while toward satisfactory
E
fficiency improvement. Particularly, inspired by the modern storage offering comparable sequential and random access speeds, Seraph adopts the principle of
on-demand processing
to access the necessary graph data for saving I/O while enjoying the decent speed in random access. On the basis of this principle, Seraph further devises three practical designs to bring excellent performance leap to fully-external graph computation: 1) the hybrid format to represent the graph data for striking a good balance between I/O amount and access locality, 2) the vertex passing to enable efficient vertex updates on top of hybrid format, and 3) the selective pre-computation to re-use the loaded data for I/O reduction. Our evaluations reveal that Seraph notably outperforms other state-of-the-art fully-external systems under all the evaluated billion-scale graphs and representative graph algorithms by up to two orders of magnitude.
Accurate Visualization and Interaction of 3D Models Belonging to Museums’ Collection: From the Acquisition to the Digital Kiosk
Authors: Apollonio Fabrizio I. , Zannoni Michele , Fantini Filippo , Garagnani Simone , Barbieri Luca
Published: November 2024

Since 2019 the authors of this article were involved in the digital acquisition and storytelling of artifacts belonging to museum collections. This work showcases on purpose various related case studies to illustrate key issues in the field. They are the
Orcinus Citoniensis
paleontological finding (representative of a complex geometry to be acquired), the
Annunciation
by Beato Angelico (representative of materials with articulate behaviors to light such as the gold foil and tempera), and the Giovanni Battista Amici’s
Microscope
(representative of non-cooperative specular materials). Since they refer to such different contests, they are a valid test field to bring into the discussion methods and techniques for:

—

the digitization and interactive representation of multicomponent finds;

—

a reliable visualization of pictorial works with complex optical behaviors;

—

a cost-effective, rapid digitization of extensive collections with non-cooperating materials.

The article outlines a pipeline from accurate digitization to 3D modeling, texturing, and optimization, culminating in the production of interactive experiences. The aim is the introduction of our experience in authoring high-resolution digital surrogates for scholars and museum visitors, to be explored in museums and cultural institutions through conventional devices or digital interactive kiosks. It emphasizes logistical challenges in photogrammetry for acquiring artifacts, including 3D or 2D objects, paleontological finds, and optically non-cooperating items, with a focus on accurate color acquisition and rendering. The developed pipeline enhances the user experience of 3D digital replicas via visualization apps designed for exhibitions and permanent collections.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Importance, Use Domains, Stages, Output Shapes, and Challenges
Authors: Ullah Naeem , Khan Javed Ali , De Falco Ivanoe , Sannino Giovanna
Published: November 2024

There is an urgent need in many application areas for eXplainable ArtificiaI Intelligence (XAI) approaches to boost people’s confidence and trust in Artificial Intelligence methods. Current works concentrate on specific aspects of XAI and avoid a comprehensive perspective. This study undertakes a systematic survey of importance, approaches, methods, and application domains to address this gap and provide a comprehensive understanding of the XAI domain. Applying the Systematic Literature Review approach has resulted in finding and discussing 155 papers, allowing a wide discussion on the strengths, limitations, and challenges of XAI methods and future research directions.
A Comparison of Open Data Observatories
Authors: Hamed Naeima , Rana Omer , Orozco-terWengel Pablo , Goossens Benoît , Perera Charith
Published: November 2024

Open Data Observatories refer to online platforms that provide real-time and historical data for a particular application context, e.g., urban/non-urban environments or a specific application domain. They are generally developed to facilitate collaboration within one or more communities through reusable datasets, analysis tools, and interactive visualizations. Open Data Observatories collect and integrate various data from multiple disparate data sources—some providing mechanisms to support real-time data capture and ingest. Data types can include sensor data (soil, weather, traffic, pollution levels) and satellite imagery. Data sources can include Open Data providers, interconnected devices, and services offered through the Internet of Things. The continually increasing volume and variety of such data require timely integration, management, and analysis, yet presented in a way that end-users can easily understand. Data released for open access preserve their value and enable a more in-depth understanding of real-world choices. This survey compares thirteen Open Data Observatories and their data management approaches - investigating their aims, design, and types of data. We conclude with research challenges that influence the implementation of these observatories, outlining some strengths and limitations for each one and recommending areas for improvement. Our goal is to identify best practices learned from the selected observatories to aid the development of new Open Data Observatories.
Biologic Medications for Severe Asthma: Implications for Understanding Pathogenic Heterogeneity and Endotypes
Authors: Ramonell Richard P. , Gauthier Marc C. , Ray Anuradha , Wenzel Sally E.
Published: November 2024

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways long known for phenotypic heterogeneity. Phenotyping studies in asthma have led to a better characterization of disease pathogenesis, yet further work is needed to pair available treatments with disease endotypes. In this review, the biology of targeted pathways is discussed along with the efficacy of biologic therapies targeting those pathways. Results of asthma clinical trials are included, as well as results of trials in related diseases. This review then analyzes how biologics help to inform the complex immunobiology of asthma and further guide their use while identifying areas for future research.
Sex, Gender, and COPD
Authors: DeMeo Dawn L.
Published: November 2024

Sex and gender have emerged as critical considerations relevant to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Sex differences in lung development and physiologic response to hormones and environmental exposures influence COPD susceptibility, progression, severity, morbidity, and mortality. Gender has been poorly measured in the context of COPD, and gendered exposures further impact biology. The hormonal milieu is critical to study across the life course. Differences in immunity and inflammation likely impact sex- and gender-related features of COPD. Emerging evidence from multiple types of omics data is revealing new genes and pathways to consider as relevant to sex- and gender-divergent features of COPD. Much research to date has focused on autosomes, but the growing awareness of a role for allosomes is highlighting knowledge gaps. Reproductive aging impacts lung function and requires more investigation. Network medicine holds promise as an approach to sex and gender omics to uncover drivers of COPD in men and women.
Ileocaecal Volvulus With an Intestinal Rotational Abnormality and Internal Hernia in a Paediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Soini Venla , Hilska Matias , Sallisalmi Marko , Juusela Risto , Virkki Ella , Raitio Arimatias
Published: November 2024

Background: Caecal volvulus in the paediatric population is uncommon, yet at worst this condition is a life‐threatening surgical emergency. In children, caecal volvulus can be associated with a variety of predisposing factors such as chronic constipation, intestinal malrotation, or neurological disease.

Case Representation: We present a rare case of caecal volvulus, internal hernia, and an intestinal rotational abnormality in a previously healthy 8‐year‐old boy. The patient presented with a history of abdominal pain and vomiting for 3 days and was admitted to the hospital in a severe septic shock. After the initial stabilisation with fluids and vasopressors, an emergency laparotomy was performed. A necrotic caecum volvulus, a transmesocolic hernia, and an abnormal rotation of the small intestine were diagnosed. The necrotic bowel segment was resected in a right‐sided hemicolectomy, after which a resection distal to medial colic artery was cut‐off to achieve normal anatomy. The patient was discharged on the 12th postoperative day in good health and has since returned to normal active life without any health issues within the follow‐up of 5 months.

Conclusions: Caecal volvulus and internal hernia can lead to a life‐threatening condition requiring immediate surgical treatment. Rare causes of abdominal pain in children should be kept in mind when severe symptoms are present.
Recurrent Ischaemic Stroke Secondary to Cerebral Small Vessel Vasculopathy From Clonal B‐Cell Lymphomatosis of Marginal Zone Origin
Authors: Hoe Rebecca Hui Min , Xu Zheyu , Singh Rajinder
Published: November 2024

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is an indolent lymphoma that rarely involves the central nervous system (CNS). Clonal B‐cell lymphomatosis of marginal zone origin (CBL‐MZ) is a premalignant condition referring to the presence of clonal B cells in the peripheral blood without evidence of organomegaly, lymphadenopathy or other features of established lymphoma, which may uncommonly progress to MZL, and as such does not require treatment beyond active surveillance. A 54‐year‐old male with previously diagnosed CBL‐MZ presented with multiple recurrent subcortical ischaemic strokes. There was no evidence of progression to overt MZL or secondary transformation on repeated evaluation. His strokes proved refractory to antithrombotic therapy and anticoagulation. The absence of significant cardiovascular risk factors led to an extensive evaluation which excluded secondary causes such as cardioembolism, prothrombotic state or systemic vasculitis. Eventually, he was found to have lymphomatous involvement of the cerebrospinal fluid. The recurrent ischaemic strokes were attributed to a cerebral small vessel vasculopathy from neoplastic meningitis, which prompted the initiation of chemotherapy, leading to a remarkable cessation of stroke recurrence. This case highlights the importance of considering CNS involvement even in indolent or premalignant lymphomas when these patients present with “cryptogenic” recurrent strokes that appear refractory to standard secondary stroke prevention therapy. We also describe the approach to recurrent ischaemic stroke, the importance of imaging to determine the stroke mechanism, and the approach to small vessel cerebral arteriopathies.
The Association of Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality With Depression and Anxiety Among Chinese Commercial Pilots
Authors: Chen Pan , Sun He-Li , Feng Yuan , Zhang Qinge , Si Tong Leong , Su Zhaohui , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , Zhang Erliang , Chen Minzhi , Zhang Jie , Zhang Lin , Ren Bin , Jin Qingqing , Smith Robert D. , Xiang Mi , Xiang Yu-Tao
Published: November 2024

Background: Sleep problems are known as risk factors for depression and anxiety, but research on this subject with commercial pilots is limited. This study aimed to explore the effects of sleep problems on depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese commercial pilots.

Methods: Adults who participated in the baseline assessment of the Civil Aviation Health Cohort of China between December 2022 and March 2023 formed the study sample. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and sleep quality were assessed using standardized scales. Sleep duration was measured with standardized questions. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCSs) were used to analyze the association between sleep problems and depression/anxiety symptoms.

Results: A total of 7055 pilots were included in this study. The overall prevalence of depression and anxiety among pilots was 23.3% (n = 1642; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 22.3%–24.3%) and 17.0% (n = 1196; 95% CI = 16.1–17.8%), respectively. Logistic regression analyses revealed that short sleep duration (<7 h) was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression (odds ratio [OR] = 2.491; p  < 0.001) and anxiety (OR = 2.555; p  < 0.001), while poor sleep quality was also associated with a higher risk of depression (OR = 7.297; p  < 0.001) and anxiety (OR = 7.469; p  < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, there was an inverse, J‐shaped nonlinear relationship between sleep duration and both depression (inflection point: 7.64 h) and anxiety (inflection point: 7.48 h). Similarly, a J‐shaped nonlinear relationship was found between sleep quality and depression/anxiety with an inflection point of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) = 4 points for both. The major limitation of the study was that causal relationships between variables could not be inferred due to the cross‐sectional study design.

Conclusion: This study found that depression and anxiety were common among Chinese commercial pilots. Insufficient length and poor quality of sleep were associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety. Implementing targeted strategies to improve sleep patterns is crucial for reducing the risk of depression and anxiety in this population.
Incidence of Serious Complications following Screening Colonoscopy in Adults Ages 76 to 85 Years
Authors: Chubak Jessica , Ichikawa Laura E. , Merchant Sophie A. , Dalmat Ronit R. , Ziebell Rebecca A. , Jensen Christopher D. , Lee Jeffrey K. , Corley Douglas A. , Ghai Nirupa R. , Green Beverly B. , Skinner Celette Sugg , Schottinger Joanne E. , Breslau Erica S. , Levin Theodore R.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Screening colonoscopy harm data are limited for adults ages 76 to 85 years.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of screening colonoscopies versus fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) and general population matched comparators ages 76 to 85 years within three integrated healthcare systems (2010–2019). The primary outcome was death or overnight hospitalization within 30 days. A secondary outcome also included nine harm diagnoses. Adjusted risk estimates and risk differences (RD) were obtained using Poisson regression. Narrow analyses excluded outcomes after the next lower endoscopy or colorectal procedure, whereas broad analyses included them.

Results:

Patients undergoing screening colonoscopy (N = 4,435) had a higher 10-day cumulative incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding {0.18% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09%–0.35%]} and perforation [0.09% (95% CI, 0.03%–0.23%)] than those with FIT (N = 17,740) and the general population (N = 44,350) in the narrow analysis. Screening colonoscopy patients had a 1.04% (95% CI, 0.74%–1.34%) risk of death or hospitalization within 30 days in the narrow analysis, similar to those with FIT [RD = 0% (95% CI, −0.36% to 0.35%)] and the general population [RD = −0.07% (95% CI, −0.39% to 0.25%)]. In the broad analysis, risk following colonoscopy was 2.30% (95% CI, 1.85%–2.75%) with RD = 1.13% (95% CI, 0.67%–1.60%) versus general population [ages 76–80 years: RD = 0.93% (95% CI, 0.45%–1.41%) and ages 81–85 years: RD = 2.14% (95% CI, 0.74%–3.54%)]. Secondary outcomes followed a similar pattern by age.

Conclusions:

At ages 76 to 85 years, screening colonoscopies including downstream procedures are associated with an increased short-term risk of death or hospitalization.

Impact:

Harm data can be combined with benefit data to guide screening colonoscopy decisions among older adults.
Response-Adaptive Surgical Timing in Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Demonstrates Enhanced Pathologic Treatment Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mastrolonardo Eric V. , Nunes Kathryn L. , Llerena Pablo , Nikitina Anastasia , Sobol Anastasia , Scott E. Reilly , Tuluc Madalina , Davitt Christopher J.H. , Scher Jessica , Tekumalla Sruti , Mann Derek , Henao Camilo , Jegede Victor , Gargano Stacey , Harshyne Larry A. , Alnemri Angela , Tyshevich Andrey , Kushnarev Vladimir , Chasse Madison , Sookiasian Danielle , Axelrod Rita , Zhan Tingting , Leiby Benjamin E. , Old Matthew , Seim Nolan , Mahoney My G. , Martinez-Outschoorn Ubaldo , Cognetti David M. , Curry Joseph M. , Prendergast George , Argiris Athanassios , South Andrew P. , Linnenbach Alban J. , Johnson Jennifer M. , Luginbuhl Adam J.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

We evaluated whether indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) inhibitor (IDOi) BMS986205 + PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab enhanced T-cell activity and augmented immune-mediated antitumor responses in untreated, resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We employed response-adaptive surgical timing to identify responders to immunotherapy and enhance their response.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with HNSCC were 3:1 randomized to receive nivolumab with or without BMS986205 orally daily (NCT03854032). In the combination arm, BMS986205 was initiated 7 days prior to nivolumab. Patients were stratified by human papillomavirus (HPV) status. Response-adaptive surgical timing involved response assessment by radiographic criteria 4 weeks after treatment with nivolumab in both arms. Nonresponders underwent surgical resection, whereas responders received 4 more weeks of randomized therapy before surgery. Biomarker analysis utilized pathologic treatment response (pTR) and RNA sequencing.

Results:

Forty-two patients were enrolled, and the addition of IDOi to nivolumab did not result in greater rate of radiographic response (P = 0.909). Treatment was well tolerated, with only 2 (5%) patients experiencing grade 3 immune-related adverse events. The addition of IDOi augmented rates of pTR in patients with high baseline IDO1 RNA expression (P < 0.05). Response-adaptive surgical timing demonstrated reliability in differentiating pathologic responders versus nonresponders (P = 0.009). A pretreatment NK cell signature, PD-L1 status, and IFN-γ expression in the HPV− cohort correlated with response. The HPV+ cohort found B-cell and cancer-associated fibroblast signatures predictive of response/nonresponse.

Conclusions:

Response-adaptive surgical timing enhanced treatment response. IDOi BMS986205 augmented pTR in patients with high IDO1 expression in baseline samples, indicating a need for identifying and targeting resistant nodes to immunotherapy. HPV status–dependent signatures predicting response to immunotherapy in HNSCC warrant further study.
Global trends and hotspots in the association between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases: a bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2023
Authors: Chen Binghao , Wang Xiangqiu , Pan Dikang , Wang Jingyu
Published: November 2024

Introduction
This study endeavors to evaluate the distribution patterns and research frontiers within the international literature on the association between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases in the medical field, through bibliometric analysis and visualized information.

Methods
The Web of Science Core Collection database was selected as the data source from 2010 to 2023, and articles related to the association between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases were retrieved. The article data was analyzed through CiteSpace for bibliometric mapping, involving the examination of keywords, references, country/region distributions, and institutional contributions to identify and understand the evolving research dynamics and frontiers in this interdisciplinary field.

Results
A total of 2936 publications on the association between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases were included. The country with the most publications was USA (n=904), and the institution with the most publications was University of Pennsylvania (n=116). The most frequent keywords were chronic kidney disease (n=2194), cardiovascular disease (n=1188), and mortality (n=604). The top 20 keywords and top ten references that burst during 2010 to 2023 were listed.

Conclusion
The association between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases has sparked extensive research, particularly in high-prevalence areas. From 2010 to 2023, publications on the association between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases show a linear increase. Current research hotspots and frontiers are mainly in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome; innovative therapies and drug impact; gut microbiome; mendelian randomization analysis. Overall, our study offers a comprehensive scientometric analysis of the association between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases, providing valuable insights for both researchers and healthcare professionals in the field.
Views of Aging and Subjective Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hill Nikki L. , Do Justin , Bratlee-Whitaker Emily , Turner Jennifer Renee , Sillner Andrea , Fishman Casey , Mogle Jacqueline
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Views of aging have been linked with many important outcomes in older adults. Subjective cognition, or one’s perception of their cognitive functioning, may be a valuable indicator of cognitive changes as individuals age, but is known to be impacted by a variety of factors. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence on relationships between views of aging and subjective cognition, including whether and how these relationships may differ based on age. Methods: Guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in four databases: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Critical appraisal utilized the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists. Twenty sources (including 21 studies) met inclusion and exclusion criteria, from which data were systematically extracted and results narratively synthesized. Results: Seventeen out of the 21 identified studies (81%) found a relationship between more positive views of aging and better subjective cognition; however, some studies reported mixed results based on the domain of aging views. Domains that were consistently associated with subjective cognition were subjective age, attitudes toward one’s own aging, aging well, and essentialist beliefs about aging. Only three studies reported age group differences or changes in associations over time, precluding conclusions about differences across middle- and older ages. Conclusion: Most studies supported associations between views of aging and subjective cognition. More longitudinal as well as qualitative research is needed to advance understanding of factors that influence these relationships.
Human Blood Non-Classical/Classical Monocyte Cells Are Heterogeneously Presented in Severe COVID-19 and Correlate with Disease Activity
Authors: Zhou Danhong , Shen Yu , Jing Suxian , Qiu Dong , Wang Yang , Qu Qiuxia , Chen Cheng
Published: November 2024

Introduction: COVID-19 is highly heterogeneous, ranging from cases with mild disease with an almost asymptomatic carrier to severe cases, in which the disease evolves rapidly. A better understanding of monocyte response during SARS-CoV-2 infection would highlight potential biomarkers and establish other possible approaches for severe cases. Methods: The study group consisted of 32 COVID-19 patients and 18 health controls from June 2023 to March 2024. The COVID-19 patients were further classified as mild and severe illnesses based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. For flow cytometric analysis, 50 µL of peripheral blood and 1 µL of specific monoclonal antibodies were added to each cytometric tube for surface marker detection. Results: Here, the promising finding was that the blood non-classical/classical monocyte (NC/CL) subset was skewed toward NChighCLlow and NClowCLhigh clusters among the severe COVID-19 patients. The NChighCLlow cluster in severe COVID-19 displayed a distinct clinical phenotype, implying a higher 7-day disease progression rate (p = 0.019) and a worse 28-day survival (p = 0.026). Moreover, the secretion of IL-1β and IFN-γ was primarily attributed to CL subset in monocytes, while IL-6 was secreted mainly by NC subset. Conclusion: As supported, regarding cytokine profile in context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it was identified that circulating NC cells are proinflammatory cells most related to regulatory cells, while CL subset displayed an effective capacity to virus. These findings have implications toward optimizing evaluation in severe COVID-19, and developing strategies that target altered balance of NC/CL cell subsets.
Antenatal Care Strategies to Improve Perinatal and Newborn Outcomes
Authors: Yasin Rahima , Azhar Maha , Allahuddin Zoha , Das Jai K. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: November 2024

Background: Antenatal care strategies (ANC) play a pivotal role in ensuring a healthy gestational period for expectant mothers and promote optimal outcomes for their babies. Implementing these interventions can contribute to a supportive environment for pregnant women, resulting in positive perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Summary: We summarize evidence for a total of twenty-seven interventions pertaining to ANC from Every Newborn Series published in The Lancet 2014 by identifying the most recent systematic reviews, extracting data from each review, and conducting a subgroup analysis for low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) for outcomes relevant to maternal and neonatal health. Findings from our paper suggest a paucity in evidence from LMICs, and consolidated efforts are required to narrow this gap to build on more inclusive evidence on ANC. Key Messages: Evidence from LMICs suggests that antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation when compared to iron and folic acid had a significant effect on stillbirth, small for gestational age, and low birthweight (LBW). Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risks of preterm birth and LBW. High-dose calcium supplementation, when compared to placebo in pregnancy, lowered the likelihood of developing high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Antihypertensives significantly reduced the probability of developing severe hypertension, proteinuria/preeclampsia, and severe preeclampsia. Metformin for GDM reduced the risk of neonatal death or serious morbidity composite. Cervical cerclage had no effect on stillbirth, preterm birth, or perinatal and neonatal mortality. Data for anti-D administration for rhesus alloimmunization were limited to HICs.
Collaborative Robot Teleoperation in Mixed Reality Environment for Inspection Tasks
Authors: Rivera Andoni , Aceta Cristina , Kildal Johan , Fernández Izaskun , Lazkano Elena
Published: November 2024

Collaborative robots are increasing their presence in the industrial production context due to their flexibility in the tasks they can perform. However, programming and teleoperating them could be a difficult task from the perspective of an unqualified worker. In cases where the worker has to collaborate remotely with a robotic arm, the probability of collisions between the robotic arm and the environment increase. In this work, we describe the design and implementation of a mixed-reality multimodal interface for a worker to teleoperate a robotic arm by interacting with its holographic digital twin, while remaining aware of surrounding obstacles to avoid any collisions. To teleoperate the robot, we have developed a multimodal interface with which the user can communicate naturally with voice (through a semantics-based task-oriented dialogue system), and by performing manual actions on holographic objects. The application also provides audiovisual information to the user about the status of the collaborative robot as well as the actions commanded. We compute and command the behavior of the robotic arm with ROS (Robot Operating System) and “MoveIt!” (motion planning framework), and we represent computed trajectories and the real-time pose of the robot in the mixed reality environment.
The Qumran Copper Scroll—A Post-apocalyptic Journey?
Authors: Høgenhaven Jesper
Published: November 2024

Post-apocalyptic fiction triggers images of survivors of a catastrophe, forced to set out on a journey into a brutal and a dangerous world, struggling to ensure continued existence. Predators, zombies, and hostile bands are potentially lurking behind every corner. The sceneries of post-apocalyptic narratives are the remnants and ruins of the civilization that has collapsed. Buildings, roads, and bridges have been left empty and unattended; there is an atmosphere of uncanny strangeness. The landscape is often seemingly deserted, and yet it is impossible to know what hides in the shadows. This article attempts to read the landscape and the journey prescribed in the Copper Scroll (3Q15) in the light of images and sceneries found in “post-apocalyptic” fiction. I intend to show that this instructed journey leads through a landscape that has an affinity with the landscapes and journeys often portrayed in post-apocalyptic descriptions. The scroll depicts a landscape without any other human presence than the anonymous instructing voice and the anonymous addressee. The treasures are hidden in caves, ruins, empty decaying buildings, water installations, and tombs. As in post-apocalyptic narratives, 3Q15 gives the impression of a desolate world, where remnants of the past abound, but their significance has become ambiguous. Drawing on recent studies on post-apocalyptic fiction, I attempt to shed light on why Jerusalem, the temple, and the most sacred temple vessels are never explicitly mentioned in the scroll.
The nominales, Sempiternal Truth, and Tensed Propositional Contents
Authors: Wciórka Wojciech
Published: November 2024

This article distinguishes between two historical ways of presenting the catchphrase “Once true, always true” (semel verum, semper verum), associated with the twelfth-century logical school of the nominales. Within the Time-Jumping Model, a hypothetical tenseless propositional content (enuntiabile) is treated as the common significate of differently tensed statements, such as “Socrates will die” and “Socrates died,” uttered before and after Socrates’s death. This hypothetical enuntiabile is “always true” thanks to its tenseless nature. By contrast, the Fixed-Present Model preserves the tensed character of enuntiabilia. By revealing an implicit temporal index, the nominales could apply “Once true, always true” to enuntiabilia such as Christum venisse (that Christ has come), which not only is true and will always be true but also – paradoxically – has always been true. It has always been true because it amounts to the propositional content that Christ came before this instant, where “this instant” rigidly denotes the present moment. The Fixed-Present Model alleviates the worry that the nominales confused truth-bearers with truthmakers.
Spindle or Mace? A Hypothesis on One of the Attributes of the Statuette of the God Teišeba Discovered in Karmir Blur
Authors: Badalyan Mikayel , Galstyan Vahram
Published: November 2024

Teišeba was the weather god of the Urartian State. Following the supreme god Ḫaldi, he was the second highest-ranked god in the Urartian pantheon. In all probability, the statuette of the beardless deity found during the Karmir Blur excavations could be identified with the Urartian weather god. It is generally accepted that with his left hand he clasps an axe against his chest, while his right hand swings a mace in front of his knees. Instead of this explanation we propose that this deity holds not a mace but a spindle. In this context it is noteworthy that according to A. Petrosyan, the name of the Urartian god Teišeba is deriving from Proto-Indo-European *teḱs – which means “axe”, but also “to weave”. *Teḱs also characterizes the cosmogonic action of the creator god, who in the context of the thunder-god myth, is to be identified with the thunder god.