bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sehr geehrte Kolleginnen und Kollegen, liebes Netzwerk „Forschen in der
DGPM“,
Authors: Pecks Ulrich
Published: April 2024

Der DGPM-Vorstand hat sich am 09. Februar 2024 in Erfurt zur Klausurtagung getroffen
und dort zukünftige Chancen und Optionen der Forschung in der DGPM diskutiert. Eine
große Stärke unserer Gesellschaft wird in ihrer interprofessionellen Zusammensetzung
gesehen. Perinatalmedizin bedeutet, dass ein Team verschiedener Fachrichtungen mit
Hebammen, Geburtshilfe und Pränataldiagnostik, Neonatologie und Anästhesie sich
gemeinsam für das Wohl von Mutter und Kind rund um die Geburt einsetzt. Sicherheit
und Gesundheit sind dabei ebenso wichtig wie der Respekt vor der interventionsarmen
Geburt und das Erleben der Situation durch die Gebärende. Die Geburtshilfe im
Spannungsfeld risikoantizipierender Interventionen auf der einen Seite und dem
Wunsch nach individualisierter Unterstützung des natürlichen Geburtsprozesses auf
der anderen Seite bleibt in ihrer Umsetzung eine Herausforderung. Geburtshelfende
und Neonatolog*innen lernen hierbei voneinander. Dennoch heizen manche Themen
gelegentlich selbst in diesen beiden eng zusammenarbeitenden Fachdisziplinen
kontroverse Diskussionen an. Dazu gehört die Frage nach der Versorgung an der Grenze
der Lebensfähigkeit, bei der die werdenden Eltern aus unterschiedlicher Perspektive
beraten und einbezogen werden. Wie ist die Versorgungsrealität nach Stufenplan der
Perinatalzentren und welche Defizite bestehen? Wie häufig kommt es Mangels Kapazität
zur Verlegungen der Schwangeren in ein anderes Zentrum? Wie häufig kommt es zur
postnatalen Verlegung von Neugeborenen? Auch die Beratung und das Vorgehen bei
angeborenen fetalen Krankheiten, insbesondere wenn sie selten sind, liefert
Kontroversen gerade im Zusammenhang der Diskussion um die Neufassung des §218. Um
die richtigen Fragen zu formulieren, die benötigt werden, den Versorgungsstand
korrekt wiederzugeben, hat der Vorstand der DGPM eine Arbeitsgruppe gebildet. Am 16.
Mai trifft sich die Gruppe zum Kick-off-Meeting. Die in den vergangenen Jahren in
der DGPM etablierten Forschungsstrukturen bieten die Chance, wichtige
Fragestellungen für die Perinatalmedizin zu beantworten und darüber Einfluss auf
politische Entscheidungen zur besseren Versorgung der uns anvertrauten Frauen und
Familien zu nehmen.
Diagnostik und Therapie der obstruktiven Schlafapnoe im Säuglingsalter am Beispiel der Robin-Sequenz
Authors: Quante Mirja , Poets Christian Friedrich , Wiechers Cornelia
Published: April 2024

Säuglinge haben aufgrund ihrer besonderen Anatomie eine Prädisposition für ein obstruktives Schlafapnoe-Syndrom (OSAS). Prävalenzzahlen sind allerdings kaum bekannt. Klinisch präsentiert sich ein OSAS in dieser Altersgruppe äußerst variabel. Bei Verdachtsmomenten für das Vorliegen eines OSAS ist daher eine Schlaflaboruntersuchung unerlässlich. Therapeutisch gibt es neben der Möglichkeit einer nächtlichen atemunterstützenden Therapie bei Säuglingen mit Robin-Sequenz die Option, ein spezielles Therapieverfahren aus Spornplatte, Logopädie und Trinktraining einzusetzen.
Schlaf von (werdenden) Müttern
Authors: Poulain Tanja , Kiess Wieland
Published: April 2024

Wir haben untersucht, inwiefern der Schlaf von Müttern und schwangeren Frauen mit dem Alter der eigenen Kinder und der Schlafkonstellation zusammenhängt. Dafür wurden 380 Frauen (mittleres Alter 38 Jahre) mittels Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) zu ihrem Schlaf und zur Häufigkeit von Bedsharing (Schlafen mit Kind im gleichen Bett) befragt. Die Frauen waren entweder gerade schwanger oder hatten Kinder im Alter von 3 Monaten, 6 Monaten, 1, 2, 8 oder 13 Jahren. In jedem der unterschiedlichen Bereiche des PSQI erzielten mehr als 10 % der Befragten auffällige Werte (Beispiel Schlafqualität: 32 %). Der Schlaf war schlechter, wenn Bedsharing vorlag (z. B. auffällige Werte Schlafqualität: 43 % bei Bedsharing vs. 25 % ohne Bedsharing). Im Vergleich zum Schlaf von Müttern 13-jähriger Kinder war der Schlaf von Müttern jüngerer Kinder signifikant schlechter (z. B. auffällige Werte Schlafqualität: 29–50 % bei Müttern jüngerer Kinder vs. 16 % bei Müttern 13-Jähriger). Die Ergebnisse legen nah, dass junge Kinder im Haushalt und vor allem Bedsharing den Schlaf von Müttern stören können und daher bei Müttern besonders auf Schlafprobleme geachtet bzw. diesen entgegengewirkt werden sollte.
Business Intelligence Ein Lösungsansatz zur Bewältigung der komplexen Fragestellungen
Authors: Hadamitzky Chris
Published: April 2024

Die Digitalisierung erleichtert den Beschaffungsabteilungen die Arbeit und erlaubt die Fokussierung auf Stammdatenoptimierung, Sachkostencontrolling, Potenzialanalyse und Standardisierung. Einkaufsgemeinschaften können die Kliniken dabei mit ihren Services unterstützen.
Vergaberecht Aktuelle Entwicklungen für Kliniken: Rückblick und Ausblick
Authors: Kühn Matthias
Published: April 2024

Das Vergaberecht bleibt in Bewegung. In diesem Artikel stellen wir Entscheidungen der Rechtsprechung im Klinikbereich aus dem vergangenen Jahr vor, halten die neuen EU-Schwellenwerte fest und werfen einen Blick auf das „Vergabetransformationspaket“ der Bundesregierung, welches derzeit vorbereitet wird.
Exploring structure–property landscape of non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells
Authors: Patel Khantil , Khatua Rudranarayan , Patrikar Kalyani , Mondal Anirban
Published: April 2024

We present a comprehensive analysis of the structure–property relationship in small molecule non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) featuring an acceptor–donor–acceptor configuration employing state-of-the-art quantum chemical computational methods. Our focus lies in the strategic functionalization of halogen groups at the terminal positions of NFAs as an effective means to mitigate non-radiative voltage losses and augment photovoltaic and photophysical properties relevant to organic solar cells. Through photophysical studies, we observe a bathochromic shift in the visible region for all halogen-functionalized NFAs, except type-2, compared to the unmodified compound. Most of these functionalized compounds exhibit exciton binding energies below 0.3 eV and ΔLUMO less than 0.3 eV, indicating their potential as promising candidates for organic solar cells. Selected candidate structures undergo an analysis of charge transport properties using the semi-classical Marcus theory based on hopping transport formalism. Molecular dynamics simulations followed by charge transport simulations reveal an ambipolar nature of charge transport in the investigated NFAs, with equivalent hole and electron mobilities compared to the parent compound. Our findings underscore the crucial role of end-group functionalization in enhancing the photovoltaic and photophysical characteristics of NFAs, ultimately improving the overall performance of organic solar cells. This study advances our understanding of the structure–property relationships in NFAs and provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of organic solar cell materials.
Electromagnetic absorption properties of FexCoNi magnetic nano particles
Authors: Li Hong , Li Hongyang , Yang Feng , Cai Qing , Xu Wenqi , Wang Ran , Liu Ying
Published: April 2024

The microstructure morphology, static magnetic properties, and electromagnetic absorption characteristics of nano FexCoNi alloy particles prepared by chemical liquid deposition with five different Fe content levels are investigated in this paper. The results show that spherical FexCoNi alloy particles with an average particle size of about 100–200 nm and a face-centered cubic crystal structure were obtained. All five samples exhibited soft magnetic behavior, with the saturation magnetization intensity showing an increasing-then-decreasing trend with increasing Fe content, peaking at 141.8 emu/g for Fe content x = 1.0. The dielectric constants (real and imaginary parts) of the prepared alloy particles exhibit significant differences with respect to the variation of Fe content, while the changes in the real and imaginary parts of the magnetic permeability show less pronounced effects with increasing Fe content. As the electromagnetic wave frequency increases, the real parts of the dielectric constants for all composites show minimal fluctuations, and the real parts of the magnetic permeability exhibit a decreasing trend. Moreover, the imaginary parts of the dielectric constants and magnetic permeability show an increasing followed by a decreasing trend as the frequency rises. The material with Fe content x = 1 demonstrated optimal dielectric loss performance and relatively excellent magnetic loss performance, with a sample thickness of 1.9 mm exhibiting the highest reflection loss (RLmax) of −24.2 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 4.48 GHz.
Computational study on interaction between rotating non-spherical particles and shear-thinning fluids
Authors: Ji Jingbo , Zhang Hao , Li Chao , Guo Pengyue , An Xizhong
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the drag coefficient (Cd), lift coefficient (Cl), and torque coefficient (Ct) of rotating non-spherical particles in shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluids are investigated based on particle-resolved direct numerical simulation. The Carreau model is used to describe the rheological behavior of non-Newtonian fluids, and the numerical model is validated against previously published data. Then, the effects of aspect ratio (Ar), spin number (Spa), flow index (n), and Carreau number (Cu) on Cd, Cl, and Ct of rotating non-spherical particles are investigated at different Reynolds numbers (Re). The numerical results show that the closer the particles are to the spherical shape, the smaller the fluctuations of Cd, Cl, and Ct curves. The peaks and valleys of Cd, Cl, and Ct of oblate and prolate ellipsoidal particles are reversely distributed. The fluctuations of Cd and Cl curves increase with increasing Spa. Cd decreases with increasing Spa at low Re, contrary to Newtonian fluids' results. Cd and Ct decrease with increasing shear-thinning properties, Cl increases with increasing shear-thinning properties, and the effect of shear-thinning properties decreases with increasing Re. The variation of viscosity and pressure is the main reason for the variation of Cd, Cl, and Ct under different variables. Predictive correlations of Cd and Ct are established based on Re, Spa, n, Cu, and α. The findings indicate that particle rotation and shear-thinning properties must be considered when evaluating particle-fluid interactions, which provide important guidance for predicting and controlling the orientation and distribution of non-spherical particles in non-Newtonian fluids.
Splitting of a droplet on a wettability-confined track driven by thermal marangoni effect
Authors: Zhou JingYi , Li Chunxi , Ye Xuemin
Published: April 2024

We investigate the dynamics of droplet splitting driven by the thermal Marangoni effect on a wettability-confined track based on the lubrication approximation. The results demonstrate that the restriction of the hydrophobic region and the driving of the eccentric heating prompt a droplet to split asymmetrically, and the complete splitting time under the eccentric heating is shortened compared to the concentric heating. Additionally, the time required for droplet splitting decreases with an increase in temperature gradient α and eccentric distance δ, while exhibiting an initial decrease and then an increase in variation with track width E, and the mass ratio M presents a positive correlation with α, δ, and E.
Towards a protyposis-based semiotic theory of translation
Authors: De la Cruz Recio Manuel
Published: April 2024

This contribution presents a semiotic theory of translation based on protyposis that bridges the gap between quantum
physics, semiotics, and translation studies. Protyposis, an elementary quantum structure, underlies all possibilities for
generating meaningful information. The theory critiques traditional notions of information and examines its development from
the communication theory of Shannon and Weaver to more complex biosemiotic perspectives. It addresses the interplay between
protyposis and semiotic processes and shows how meaning emerges from relationships and functions that go beyond the quantum
level. It integrates Marais’ work on semiotic translation theory, which proposes translation as a negentropic semiotic process
that works within constraints to create relations. The study culminates in the advocacy of a transdisciplinary approach
underpinned by protyposis to comprehensively understand the complexity of translation and information processes, opening a new
perspective for understanding communication, perception and knowledge construction in different scientific fields.
Infoautopoiesis and translation
Authors: Cárdenas-García Jaime F.
Published: April 2024

A biosemiotic perspective of translation entails the study of signs and meaning in living organisms, an
infoautopoietic process existing since the origin of life. Infoautopoiesis makes the external environment meaningful to the
organism, so it can mould it in its own image to satisfy its needs, and be moulded in turn. Self-created internalised semantic
information results from interpreting environmental sensory signals as “differences which make a difference”. The content of
individuated, inaccessible internalised semantic information may be translated into externalised syntactic expressions that
comprise outward artificial expressions that lack semantic content. Yet, despite our ability for creation of sophisticated
syntactic information, we are unable to make them produce semantic information. In short, infoautopoiesis is fundamental to
translation at any level.
Degradation mechanism of measuring performance of optical particle counter under temperature-pressure coupling effect
Authors: Lu Lifeng , Li Yanbo , Wang Yixin , Wu Xin , Xiong Liling , Liu Longlong , Wei Liejiang
Published: April 2024

To investigate the degradation mechanism of measuring the performance of an optical particle counter (OPC) under temperature-pressure coupling, this study first establishes a theoretical calculation model of gas refractive index and then elucidates the comprehensive influence mechanism of temperature and pressure on gas optical properties. Furthermore, the experimental measurement technique and measuring device for gas refractive index are built. By comparing the theoretical and experimental results in the temperature range of 48 °C–560 °C and the pressure range of 0.9–4.6 MPa, the difference between the two errors is just 0.05%, indicating the accuracy of the theoretical model of the refractive index of gas. Secondly, a dynamic model of optical measurement volume (OMV) under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions was established using geometrical optics theory, and the impacts of gas temperature and pressure variations on OPC measurement performance were investigated. The gas temperature (100 °C–1000 °C) and pressure (1–4.6 MPa) are shown to have opposing effects on the OMV, with gas pressure being more relevant. Finally, in order to eliminate the effect of gas refractive index change on the optical measurement performance of OPC, a parallel light model is proposed to solve the problem of the degradation of OPC measurement performance under temperature and pressure coupling conditions.
Solution-processable low-voltage carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with high-k relaxor ferroelectric polymer gate insulator
Authors: Yang Dongseong , Moon Yina , Han Nara , Lee Minwoo , Beak Jeongwoo , Lee Seung-Hoon , Kim Dong-Yu
Published: April 2024

Achieving energy-efficient and high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs) is one of the most important goals for future electronic devices. This paper reports semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube FETs (s-SWNT-FETs) with an optimized high-k relaxor ferroelectric insulator P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) thickness for low-voltage operation. The s-SWNT-FETs with an optimized thickness (∼800 nm) of the high-k insulator exhibited the highest average mobility of 14.4 cm2 V−1s−1 at the drain voltage (I
D) of 1 V, with a high current on/off ratio (I
on/off >105). The optimized device performance resulted from the suppressed gate leakage current (I
G) and a sufficiently large capacitance (>50 nF cm−2) of the insulating layer. Despite the extremely high capacitance (>100 nF cm−2) of the insulating layer, an insufficient thickness (<450 nm) induces a high I
G, leading to reduced I
D and mobility of s-SWNT-FETs. Conversely, an overly thick insulator (>1200 nm) cannot introduce sufficient capacitance, resulting in limited device performance. The large capacitance and sufficient breakdown voltage of the insulating layer with an appropriate thickness significantly improved p-type performance. However, a reduced n-type performance was observed owing to the increased electron trap density caused by fluorine proportional to the insulator thickness. Hence, precise control of the insulator thickness is crucial for achieving low-voltage operation with enhanced s-SWNT-FET performance.
From Spherical Cows to Schrödinger’s Cat: what students want to learn in physics
Authors: Richardson T
Published: April 2024

This paper reflects on feedback received from 161 Ontario grade 12 physics students between 2017–2018 and 2020–2023, on the content and delivery in different modes (face-to-face, online, hybrid) of the 2008 Ontario Grade 12 Physics—University Preparation course (SPH4U). Across modes, students considered Revolutions in Modern Physics significantly more interesting and less stressful than any of the other four units. Students also identified Dynamics as significantly less interesting than all of the units, and found it significantly more stressful than all units other than Fields. Students were most interested in topics not previously studied (e.g. Special Theory of Relativity) that they felt promoted new ways of thinking. Adjusting to grade 12 expectations combined with more challenging course concepts were the primary contributors of stress. Included is a discussion of physics education reform, and the role of physics education in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
Non-equilibrium structural and dynamic behaviors of active polymers in complex and crowded environments
Authors: Zhu Guolong , Gao Lijuan , Sun Yihang , Wei Wenjie , Yan Li-Tang
Published: April 2024

Active matter systems, which convert internal chemical energy or energy from the environment into directed motion, are ubiquitous in nature and exhibit a range of emerging non-equilibrium behaviors. However, most of the current works on active matter have been devoted to particles, and the study of active polymers has only recently come into the spotlight due to their prevalence within living organisms. The intricate interplay between activity and conformational degrees of freedom gives rise to novel structural and dynamical behaviors of active polymers. Research in active polymers remarkably broadens diverse concepts of polymer physics, such as molecular architecture, dynamics, scaling and so on, which is of significant importance for the development of new polymer materials with unique performance. Furthermore, active polymers are often found in strongly interacting and crowded systems and in complex environments, so that the understanding of this behavior is essential for future developments of novel polymer-based biomaterials. This review thereby focuses on the study of active polymers in complex and crowded environments, and aims to provide insights into the fundamental physics underlying the adaptive and collective behaviors far from equilibrium, as well as the open challenges that the field is currently facing.
Tailored efficient and reliable double luminescent layer hybrid WOLEDs via doping engineering
Authors: Zhang Wenxin , Zhang Gang , Chang Xi , Dong He , Lang Jihui , Xing Guoliang , Wang Dandan , Mai Zhihong , Wang Xinying
Published: April 2024

Doping engineering has been widely utilized to increase the efficiency of White organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs). In this study, a blue phosphor material named DMAC-DPS and an orange phosphor material named PO-01 are integrated into the host materials Bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether oxide (DPEPO) and carbazole-based 4,4′-biscarbazole-p-biphenyl (CBP) by incorporating the principle of complementary color luminescence, resulting in a doped double-luminescent layer hybrid WOLED. The developed device structure consists of ITO/MoO3/TCTA/DPEPO:DMAC-DPS/CBP:PO-01 (or CBP:PO-01/DPEPO:DMAC-DPS)/TAZ/Alq3/LiF/Al. The transfer of energy between the host and guest materials is achieved by controlling the thickness and position of the emitting layer, leading to a more balanced emission of blue and yellow light and an overall increase in device efficiency. The developed WOLED exhibits a maximum current efficiency of 26.8 cd A−1, a power efficiency of 16.8 lm W−1, and an external quantum efficiency of 10.95%. The stable color coordinates of the device remains consistent, varying from (0.34, 0.40) to (0.33, 0.39) at brightness levels ranging from 100 to 1000 cd m−2. Technically, the incorporation of blue and orange phosphor materials into the host materials DPEPO and CBP, respectively, resulting in a doped double-luminescent layer hybrid WOLED, has shown a more balanced emission of blue and yellow light and resulted in increased efficiency. The reliable color coordinates corroborate the good color stability, making it a promising candidate for various applications. Furthermore, the controlled transfer of energy between the host and guest materials has led to a more balanced emission of blue and yellow light. Our developed doping engineering methods have shown potential for increased efficiency and good color stability, making the developed WOLED a promising candidate for various applications.
Surface engineering by rogue wave induced by energetic carbon clusters
Authors: El-Said A S , Moslem W M , Tolba R E , Sabry R , Bahlouli H
Published: April 2024

Swift heavy ions are effective in nanostructuring material surfaces. The irradiation of lanthanum fluoride with 30 MeV C60 leads to the creation of surface nanohillocks of size larger than the ones produced by monoatomic heavy ions. The generation of the observed nano-sized hillocks is described here by a new approach that is based on ion-induced intensive electronic excitations that create localized rogue waves. Consequently, the induced nonlinear ion-acoustic rogue waves are considered a hallmark of nanohillock formation. Plasma hydrodynamic equations produce a relationship between normalised electron number density and crystal lattice spacing. Similarities to the hillock profile suggest the crucial primary role of electron density in the fabrication of surface nanostructures.
Hybrid quantum neural network structures for image multi-classification
Authors: Shi Mingrui , Situ Haozhen , Zhang Cai
Published: April 2024

Image classification is a fundamental problem in computer vision, and neural networks provide an effective solution. With the advancement of quantum technology, quantum neural networks have attracted a lot of attention. However, they are only suitable for low-dimensional data and require dimensionality reduction and quantum encoding. Two image classification methods have recently emerged: one employs PCA for dimensionality reduction and angular encoding, and the other integrates QNN into a CNN to improve performance. Despite numerous algorithms, the differences between them remain unclear. This study explores these algorithms’ performance in multi-class image classification and proposes an optimized hybrid quantum neural network suitable for the current environment. As the number of classes increases, research on PCA-based quantum algorithms reveals the barren plateau problem of QNN, which is not suitable for multiple classes in a hybrid setting. Our proposed model combining traditional CNN with QNN addresses QNN’s multi-class training difficulties to some extent and achieves satisfactory classification results. Nevertheless, its accuracy remains below that of the top-performing CNN models. Furthermore, we investigate transfer learning in hybrid quantum neural network models and assess the performance of our models on the quantum hardware from IBM. In conclusion, quantum neural networks show promise but require further research and optimization, facing challenges ahead.
Active control of Fano resonance in side-coupled resonator-cavity systems
Authors: Jiang Rui , Gao Lei , Yang Lei , Wang Jun , Wu Qian , Sun Yong , Chen Yongqiang
Published: April 2024

The study delves into actively controlling Fano resonance within a single-mode microstrip cavity, coupled with a split ring resonator (SRR) incorporating a varactor diode. This resonance arises from the interference between the SRR and a Fabry–Pérot cavity, resulting in a sharply asymmetric transmission spectrum. The varactor diode, situated within the SRR gap, is biased electrically via an external DC voltage source. Through manipulation of this bias voltage, both the transmission frequency and amplitude of the pronounced Fano resonance can be dynamically adjusted. Notably, a significant frequency shift of 345 MHz is achieved, accompanied by a transmission modulation depth of up to 34.2 dB. Moreover, at the Fano peak frequency of 2.65 GHz, the composite SRR-cavity structure exhibits a notable change in group delay, shifting by 21.3 ns with the bias voltage varying from 5 V to 2.6 V. These findings hold promise for the development of electrically controlled functional photonic devices, facilitating their adaptability and versatility in practical applications.
Modified Korteweg–de Vries solitons with quartic nonlinearity in a dusty plasma
Authors: Das Dulal Chandra , Das Samiran , Kalita Rekha
Published: April 2024

The present multicomponent dusty plasma with ions, Cairns distributed electrons and immobile dusts has been investigated first time through modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation of quartic nonlinearity derived by reductive perturbation technique. In this new investigation, it is found that the dust ion-acoustic (DIA) solitary waves have smaller amplitudes compared to the amplitudes of mKdV-DIA compressive solitons of our previous investigation [38]. Roles of non-thermal parameter (β), dust to ion density ratio (σ), number of dust charge (Z

d
) and initial streaming speed of ion (u

i0) in the growth of amplitudes and widths of this new mKdV-DIA solitons are investigated.
Verifying hierarchical network nonlocality in general quantum networks
Authors: Yang 杨 Shu-Yuan 舒媛 , Hou 侯 Jin-Chuan 晋川 , He 贺 Kan 衎
Published: April 2024

Recently, a class of innovative notions on quantum network nonlocality (QNN), called full quantum network nonlocality (FQNN), have been proposed in Phys. Rev. Lett.
128 010403 (2022). As the generalization of full network nonlocality (FNN), l-level quantum network nonlocality (l-QNN) was defined in arxiv. 2306.15717 quant-ph (2024). FQNN is a NN that can be generated only from a network with all sources being non-classical. This is beyond the existing standard network nonlocality, which may be generated from a network with only a non-classical source. One of the challenging tasks is to establish corresponding Bell-like inequalities to demonstrate the FQNN or l-QNN. Up to now, the inequality criteria for FQNN and l-QNN have only been established for star and chain networks. In this paper, we devote ourselves to establishing Bell-like inequalities for networks with more complex structures. Note that star and chain networks are special kinds of tree-shaped networks. We first establish the Bell-like inequalities for verifying l-QNN in k-forked tree-shaped networks. Such results generalize the existing inequalities for star and chain networks. Furthermore, we find the Bell-like inequality criteria for l-QNN for general acyclic and cyclic networks. Finally, we discuss the demonstration of l-QNN in the well-known butterfly networks.
Nonlinearly induced entanglement in dissipatively coupled optomechanical system
Authors: Yang 杨 Wen-Quan 文全 , Leng 冷 Xuan 轩 , Cheng 程 Jiong 泂 , Zhang 张 Wen-Zhao 闻钊
Published: April 2024

Nonlinearly induced steady-state photon–phonon entanglement of a dissipative coupled system is studied in the bistable regime. Quantum dynamical characteristics are analysed by solving the mean-field and fluctuation equations of the system. It is shown that dissipative coupling can induce bistable behaviour for the effective dissipation of the system. Under suitable parameters, one of the steady states significantly reduces the dissipative effect of the system. Consequently, a larger steady-state entanglement can be achieved compared to linear dynamics. Furthermore, the experimental feasibility of the parameters is analysed. Our results provide a new perspective for the implementation of steady-state optomechanical entanglement.
Cross-tokamak disruption prediction based on domain adaptation
Authors: Shen Chengshuo , Zheng Wei , Guo Bihao , Ding Yonghua , Chen Dalong , Ai Xinkun , Xue Fengming , Zhong Yu , Wang Nengchao , Shen Biao , Xiao Binjia , Chen Zhongyong , Pan Yuan ,   J-TEXT Team
Published: April 2024

The high acquisition cost and the significant demand for disruptive discharges for data-driven disruption prediction models in future tokamaks pose an inherent contradiction in disruption prediction research. In this paper, we demonstrated a novel approach to predict disruption in a future tokamak using only a few discharges based on domain adaptation (DA). The approach aims to predict disruption by finding a feature space that is universal to all tokamaks. The first step is to use the existing understanding of physics to extract physics-guided features from the diagnostic signals of each tokamak, called physics-guided feature extraction (PGFE). The second step is to align a few data from the future tokamak (target domain) and a large amount of data from existing tokamaks (source domain) based on a DA algorithm called CORrelation ALignment (CORAL). It is the first attempt at applying DA in the cross-tokamak disruption prediction task. PGFE has been successfully applied in J-TEXT to predict disruption with excellent performance. PGFE can also reduce the data volume requirements due to extracting the less device-specific features, thereby establishing a solid foundation for cross-tokamak disruption prediction. We have further improved CORAL called supervised CORAL (S-CORAL) to enhance its appropriateness in feature alignment for the disruption prediction task. To simulate the existing and future tokamak case, we selected J-TEXT as the existing tokamak and EAST as the future tokamak, which has a large gap in the ranges of plasma parameters. The utilization of the S-CORAL improves the disruption prediction performance on future tokamak. Through interpretable analysis, we discovered that the learned knowledge of the disruption prediction model through this approach exhibits more similarities to the model trained on large data volumes of future tokamak. This approach provides a light, interpretable and few data-required ways by aligning features to predict disruption using small data volume from the future tokamak.
Flight quotas outperform focused mitigation strategies in reducing the carbon footprint of academic travel
Authors: Ben-Ari Tamara , Lefort Gaëlle , Mariette Jérome , Aumont Olivier , Jeanneau Laurent , Santerne Alexandre , Spiga Aymeric , Roche Philippe-e
Published: April 2024

The carbon footprint of academia has become a prominent concern and a burgeoning research area, with a notable focus on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from research-related travels. Mitigation strategies often promote alternatives, such as developing virtual communication or adopting sustainable transportation modes for short distances. While more ambitious strategies involving the transformation of research practices are increasingly discussed, these mitigation solutions are rarely subjected to rigorous quantitative assessments or meaningful comparisons. This study analyzes a unique database of about 130 000 travel segments by car, train and plane in 159 research entities across a wide array of disciplines in France. We investigate the patterns and associated carbon footprint of these research travels and explore a diversity of mitigation options. Our analysis shows that air travel overwhelmingly outweighs the carbon footprint of research travel, representing more than 96% of GHG emissions. Intercontinental flights are infrequent (less than 10% of all plane trips) but dominate GHG travel emissions, accounting for over 64% of total emissions. In contrast, domestic and continental flights are the most common but their mitigation potential by modal shift to train is limited (e.g. less than 15% for trips under 1000 km). Similar reductions can be achieved by targeting a small subset of travels, for example by modulating the frequency of conference attendance. The greatest and possibly most robust mitigation potential lies in combining modal shift with moderating air mileage (e.g. reducing travelled distance or number of flights). Strategies focusing on electrification or modal shifts for cars, proposed in official guidelines, are found to have negligible impact. In the absence of low-carbon alternatives for long-haul flights, we contend that only comprehensive strategies and policies which include moderating air travel distance or frequency can achieve a robust significant reduction in the GHG emissions from academic travel.
Organoid models: the future companions of personalized drug development
Authors: Piraino Francesco , Costa Mariana , Meyer Marine , Cornish Georgina , Ceroni Camilla , Garnier Virginie , Hoehnel-Ka Sylke , Brandenberg Nathalie
Published: April 2024

High failure rates of the current drug development process are driving exemplary changes toward methodologies centered on human disease in-vitro modeling. Organoids are self-organized tissue sub-units resembling their organ of origin and are widely acknowledged for their unique potential in recapitulating human physio-pathological mechanisms. They are transformative for human health by becoming the platform of choice to probe disease mechanisms and advance new therapies. Furthermore, the compounds’ validation as therapeutics represents another point of the drug development pipeline where organoids may provide key understandings and help pharma organizations replace or reduce animal research. In this review, we focus on gastrointestinal organoid models, which are currently the most advanced organoid models in drug development. We focus on experimental validations of their value, and we propose avenues to enhance their use in drug discovery and development, as well as precision medicine and diagnostics.
Current carrying tribological properties of multi arc ion plated titanium nitride doped silver coating
Authors: Hao Wu , Xia Yanqiu , Yi Zhang
Published: April 2024

Sliding electrical contact materials play a crucial role in the transmission and conversion of electrical energy, but due to various factors such as force, electricity, and heat, the interface exhibits complex wear behavior. A single solid or liquid lubrication system can no longer meet the growing performance requirements of current carrying tribology. In this study, a TiN-Ag coating was prepared using multi arc ion plating technology, and a solid–liquid composite lubrication system was formed with ionic liquid and polyurea grease, respectively. Through current carrying friction and wear tests, their tribological properties, electrical contact resistance(ECR) values, and stability were tested, and compared with the results obtained during dry friction. The coating and worn surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that compared with dry friction, TiN-Ag coatings lubricated with ionic liquids and polyurea grease showed higher friction reduction, wear resistance, and conductivity, especially the synergistic effect between ionic liquids and coatings is prominent. The behavior of ionic liquids under voltage was analyzed, and it was found that ionic liquids formed a physical adsorption film composed of a mixture of anions and cations on the worn surface. The ordered layered structure improved the tribological performance of the system.
Reductions in World Health Organization risk drinking level are associated with improvements in sleep problems among individuals with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Garcia Christian C , Richards Dylan K , Tuchman Felicia R , Hallgren Kevin A , Kranzler Henry R , Aubin Henri-Jean , O’Malley Stephanie S , Mann Karl , Aldridge Arnie , Hoffman Michaela , Anton Raymond F , Witkiewitz Katie
Published: April 2024

Aims

Among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD), sleep disturbances are pervasive and contribute to the etiology and maintenance of AUD. However, despite increased attention toward the relationship between alcohol use and sleep, limited empirical research has systematically examined whether reductions in drinking during treatment for AUD are associated with improvements in sleep problems.

Methods

We used data from a multisite, randomized, controlled trial that compared 6 months of treatment with gabapentin enacarbil extended-release with placebo for adults with moderate-to-severe AUD (N = 346). The Timeline Follow-back was used to assess WHO risk drinking level reductions and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality over the prior month at baseline and the end of treatment.

Results

Sleep problem scores in the active medication and placebo groups improved equally. Fewer sleep problems were noted among individuals who achieved at least a 1-level reduction (B = −0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−1.77, −0.20], P = .014) or at least a 2-level reduction (B = −0.80, 95% CI [−1.47, −0.14], P = .018) in WHO risk drinking levels at the end of treatment. Reductions in drinking, with abstainers excluded from the analysis, also predicted fewer sleep problems at the end of treatment (1-level: B = −1.01, 95% CI [−1.83, −0.20], P = .015; 2-level: B = −0.90, 95% CI [−1.59, −0.22], P = .010).

Conclusions

Drinking reductions, including those short of abstinence, are associated with improvements in sleep problems during treatment for AUD. Additional assessment of the causal relationships between harm-reduction approaches to AUD and improvements in sleep is warranted.
SEGCECO: Subgraph Embedding of Gene expression matrix for prediction of CEll-cell COmmunication
Authors: Vasighizaker Akram , Hora Sheena , Zeng Raymond , Rueda Luis
Published: April 2024

Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing technology have eased analyses of signaling networks of cells. Recently, cell–cell interaction has been studied based on various link prediction approaches on graph-structured data. These approaches have assumptions about the likelihood of node interaction, thus showing high performance for only some specific networks. Subgraph-based methods have solved this problem and outperformed other approaches by extracting local subgraphs from a given network. In this work, we present a novel method, called Subgraph Embedding of Gene expression matrix for prediction of CEll-cell COmmunication (SEGCECO), which uses an attributed graph convolutional neural network to predict cell–cell communication from single-cell RNA-seq data. SEGCECO captures the latent and explicit attributes of undirected, attributed graphs constructed from the gene expression profile of individual cells. High-dimensional and sparse single-cell RNA-seq data make converting the data into a graphical format a daunting task. We successfully overcome this limitation by applying SoptSC, a similarity-based optimization method in which the cell–cell communication network is built using a cell–cell similarity matrix which is learned from gene expression data. We performed experiments on six datasets extracted from the human and mouse pancreas tissue. Our comparative analysis shows that SEGCECO outperforms latent feature-based approaches, and the state-of-the-art method for link prediction, WLNM, with 0.99 ROC and 99% prediction accuracy. The datasets can be found at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE84133 and the code is publicly available at Github https://github.com/sheenahora/SEGCECO and Code Ocean https://codeocean.com/capsule/8244724/tree.
KDGene: knowledge graph completion for disease gene prediction using interactional tensor decomposition
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Yang Kuo , Jia Ting , Gu Fanghui , Wang Chongyu , Xu Kuan , Shu Zixin , Xia Jianan , Zhu Qiang , Zhou Xuezhong
Published: April 2024

The accurate identification of disease-associated genes is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying various diseases. Most current methods focus on constructing biological networks and utilizing machine learning, particularly deep learning, to identify disease genes. However, these methods overlook complex relations among entities in biological knowledge graphs. Such information has been successfully applied in other areas of life science research, demonstrating their effectiveness. Knowledge graph embedding methods can learn the semantic information of different relations within the knowledge graphs. Nonetheless, the performance of existing representation learning techniques, when applied to domain-specific biological data, remains suboptimal. To solve these problems, we construct a biological knowledge graph centered on diseases and genes, and develop an end-to-end knowledge graph completion framework for disease gene prediction using interactional tensor decomposition named KDGene. KDGene incorporates an interaction module that bridges entity and relation embeddings within tensor decomposition, aiming to improve the representation of semantically similar concepts in specific domains and enhance the ability to accurately predict disease genes. Experimental results show that KDGene significantly outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms, whether existing disease gene prediction methods or knowledge graph embedding methods for general domains. Moreover, the comprehensive biological analysis of the predicted results further validates KDGene’s capability to accurately identify new candidate genes. This work proposes a scalable knowledge graph completion framework to identify disease candidate genes, from which the results are promising to provide valuable references for further wet experiments. Data and source codes are available at https://github.com/2020MEAI/KDGene.
A qualitative study of psychological morbidity in paediatric survivors of Stevens﻿–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Phillips Chris , Russell Emily , McNiven Abigail , McPherson Tess
Published: April 2024

This qualitative research sought to explore the psychological sequelae in children and young people following an episode of Stevens–Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. Themes identified included significant psychological morbidity affecting both children and parents, combined with inadequate provision of follow-up care.
A case of terbinafine-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus rapidly resolving with upadacitinib
Authors: Ninkov Tatiana , Chan Jonathan , Von Nida Jamie
Published: April 2024

Drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) is a lupus-like cutaneous eruption without systemic features caused by insult from a range of chemically diverse culprit drugs. In cases where remission is not achieved with drug discontinuation, treatment options generally involve those used to treat idiopathic SCLE, including topical or systemic corticosteroids, antimalarials or immunosuppressive drugs. We present a patient with drug-induced SCLE secondary to terbinafine with a prolonged course after drug cessation, who did not respond to classical treatments, but demonstrated rapid and sustained improvement within 48 h of upadacitinib treatment.
Rationale and design of the Innsbruck Diabetic Kidney Disease Cohort (IDKDC)—a prospective study investigating etiology and progression of early-stage chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Plattner Clemens , Sallaberger Sebastian , Bohn Jan-Paul , Zavadil Claudia , Keller Felix , Soleiman Afschin , Tiefenthaler Martin , Mayer Gert , Pirklbauer Markus
Published: April 2024

Background

The development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in about 20%–40% of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) aggravates cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology is of increasing relevance for individual management and prognosis, though it is largely unknown among T2D patients with CKD as histologic work-up is not routinely performed upon typical clinical presentation. However, as clinical parameters do not appropriately reflect underlying kidney pathology, reluctance regarding timely histologic assessment in T2D patients with CKD should be critically questioned. As the etiology of CKD in T2D is heterogeneous, we aim to assess the prevalence and clinical disease course of typical diabetic vs atypical/non-specific vs non-diabetic vs coexisting kidney pathologies among T2D patients with mild-to-moderate kidney impairment [KDIGO stage G3a/A1–3 or G2/A2–3; i.e. estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 59–45 mL/min irrespective of albuminuria or eGFR 89–60 mL/min and albuminuria >30 mg/g creatinine].

Methods

The Innsbruck Diabetic Kidney Disease Cohort (IDKDC) study aims to enroll at least 65 T2D patients with mild-to-moderate kidney impairment to undergo a diagnostic kidney biopsy. Six-monthly clinical follow-ups for up to 5 years will provide clinical and laboratory data to assess cardio-renal outcomes. Blood, urine and kidney tissue specimen will be biobanked to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

Conclusions

While current risk assessment is primarily based on clinical parameters, our study will provide the scientific background for a potential change of the diagnostic standard towards routine kidney biopsy and clarify its role for individual risk prediction regarding cardio-renal outcome in T2D patients with mild-to-moderate kidney impairment.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health-Related Outcomes in Crohn’s Disease: Results From the National Health and Wellness Survey
Authors: Burbage Sabree C , Krupsky Kathryn L , Cambron-Mellott M Janelle , Way Nate , Patel Aarti A , Liu Julia J
Published: April 2024

Background

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the entire gastrointestinal tract that is associated with significant humanistic, clinical, and economic burdens. Few studies have assessed the association between CD severity and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and medical costs; even fewer have examined differences in disease outcomes among patients of various racial/ethnic groups.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, sociodemographic data, PROs, and economic outcomes for participants with self-reported CD were collected from the National Health and Wellness Survey (2018–2020). Multivariable analyses were used to assess the association of CD severity and race/ethnicity with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI), HCRU, and medical costs.

Results

Analyses included 1077 participants with CD (818 non-Hispanic White, 109 non-Hispanic Black, and 150 Hispanic). Participants with self-reported moderate/severe CD reported significantly worse HRQoL and WPAI, greater HCRU, and higher medical costs than those with self-reported mild CD. Non-Hispanic Black participants reported better HRQoL and fewer healthcare provider visits than non-Hispanic White participants. There were no significant differences in PROs between non-Hispanic White and Hispanic groups. Interactions between race/ethnicity and CD severity emerged for some, but not all groups: Specifically, non-Hispanic Black participants with moderate/severe CD reported greater absenteeism and more gastroenterologist visits than non-Hispanic Black participants with mild CD.

Conclusions

Participants with moderate/severe CD reported worse PROs, greater HCRU, and higher medical costs than those with mild CD. Additionally, racial/ethnic differences were found across several HCRU and economic outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand factors contributing to burden among patients with varying CD severity across racial/ethnic groups.