bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Land Use Types on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties, Microbial Communities, and Their Fungistatic Effects
Authors: Iacomino Giuseppina , Idbella Mohamed , Gaglione Salvatore , Abd-ElGawad Ahmed M. , Bonanomi Giuliano
Published: December 2024

Soilborne plant pathogens significantly impact agroecosystem productivity, emphasizing the need for effective control methods to ensure sustainable agriculture. Soil fungistasis, the soil’s ability to inhibit fungal spore germination under optimal conditions, is pivotal for biological control. This study explores soil fungistasis variability across land-use intensities, spanning deciduous and evergreen forests, grasslands, shrublands, and horticultural cultivations in both open fields and greenhouses. Soil characterization encompassed organic matter, pH, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, key cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+), enzymatic activities, microbial biomass, and soil microbiota analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of 16s rRNA genes. Fungistasis was evaluated against the pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and the beneficial microbe Trichoderma harzianum. Fungistasis exhibited similar trends across the two fungi. Specifically, the application of glucose to soil temporarily annulled soil fungistasis for both B. cinerea and T. harzianum. In fact, a substantial fungal growth, i.e., fungistasis relief, was observed immediately (48 h) after the pulse application with glucose. In all cases, the fungistasis relief was proportional to the glucose application rate, i.e., fungal growth was higher when the concentration of glucose was higher. However, the intensity of fungistasis relief largely varied across soil types. Our principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the growth of both Trichoderma and Botrytis fungi was positively and significantly correlated with organic carbon content, total nitrogen, iron, magnesium, calcium, and sodium while negatively correlated with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis. Additionally, bacterial diversity and composition across different ecosystems exhibited a positive correlation with FDA hydrolysis and a negative correlation with phosphoric anhydride and soil pH. Analysis of bacterial microbiomes revealed significant differences along the land use intensity gradient, with higher fungistasis in soils dominated by Pseudoarthrobacter. Soils under intensive horticultural cultivation exhibited a prevalence of Acidobacteria and Cyanobacteria, along with reduced fungistasis. This study sheds light on soil fungistasis variability in diverse ecosystems, underscoring the roles of soil texture rather than soil organic matter and microbial biomass to explain the variability of fungistasis across landscapes.
Sustainability in Industry 4.0: Edge Computing Microservices as a New Approach
Authors: Santos Leandro Colevati dos , da Silva Maria Lucia Pereira , dos Santos Filho Sebastião Gomes
Published: December 2024

The importance of the electronics sector in the modern world is unquestionable, as it demonstrates clean technology, dry processes, and efficient design, which favor Industry 4.0 and sustainability. Nonetheless, the large number of instruments developed, and their correspondent quick obsolescence, imply an increment in electronic waste. Therefore, in this work, with the aim of diminishing obsolescence, we developed and customized one application that runs independently of systems and takes advantage of the existing computing structures. The application is a new edge computing structure (the AIFC) that is based on an enterprise service bus (ESB) developed in decentralized microservices. In this study, we conducted action research involving the collaboration of researchers and practitioners, and the tests involved six different scenarios; they used existing low-cost, basic computing environments and ranged from the proof of concept, prototype, minimum viable product, and scalability to the roadmap for the structure implementation. The six scenarios emulated sections of a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME), and all the developed microservices communicate with each other to perform data filtering, processing, storage, query, and sensor data acquisition. The results show that it is possible to carry out these functions with low latency and without any decrement or even increase in performance when compared with more conventional cloud computing structures, and it is also possible to manipulate different products that do not have single, consolidated structures. Moreover, there is no need to update machines or communication structures, which are the main factors of rapid obsolescence. Therefore, following the steps of the AIFC development, the results from the proof of concept to the minimum viable product and scalability tests correspond to a roadmap for a sustainable solution and are an important tool for both Industry 4.0 and SMEs.
Is the High-Emission Vehicle Driving Area Restriction Policy an Effective Measure for Reducing Driving Distance? A Case Study of Busan, South Korea
Authors: Song Hyeinn , Shin Kangwon , Hassouna Fady M. A.
Published: December 2024

Efforts to reduce air pollution by facilitating the transition to eco-friendly vehicles, particularly through driving restriction policies targeting high-emission vehicles (HEVs), play a crucial role in promoting environmental sustainability. Evaluating the effectiveness of the restriction in terms of reducing HEV driving mileage is essential for policy assessment and improvement. Moreover, given the overall decreasing trend in daily vehicle mileage, it remains uncertain whether the change in HEV driving distance can be directly attributed to the restriction policy. This study directly examines the effectiveness of the vehicle restriction policy using vehicle mileage data and a DID model. Data on daily mileage from 2019, 2021, and 2023 were collected for Busan, and the scenarios were divided into six groups based on the analysis group (treatment group is HEVs subject to vehicle restrictions, control A is HEVs not subject to vehicle restrictions and control B is non-HEVs) and the area of influence (catchment area, city area, and metropolitan area). The analysis revealed that while there was a reduction in daily mileage for HEVs when compared to each other, the decrease was modest, and no significant effect was observed when compared to non-HEVs. Consequently, it was confirmed that the impact of the vehicle restriction policy on reducing daily mileage is marginal. In light of the policy to expand the scope of vehicles subject to driving restrictions in South Korea, it is recommended that the number of enforcement cameras be increased, that enforcement hours be extended to an entire 24-h day, and more stringent enforcement measures be implemented.
Understanding Chinese Farmers’ Behavioral Intentions to Use Alternative Fuel Machinery: Insights from the Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Wu Shoufeng , Xiao Yuewen , Pacala Anca , Badulescu Alina , Khan Salman
Published: December 2024

Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and reducing fossil fuel dependence have heightened interest in alternative fuels, particularly in agriculture, a key energy-intensive sector. This study investigates the use of the Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior to analyze Chinese farmers’ behavioral intentions to adopt alternative fuel machinery. In 2023, a total of 281 full-time farmers were sampled from Jiangsu, Sichuan, and Hebei provinces, followed by path analysis conducted using PLS-SEM. The results underline that perceived usefulness β = 0.369, p < 0.001, and social norms β = 0.185, p < 0.001 are strong drivers for the adoption of alternative fuel machinery, while perceived barriers to operate and infrastructure gaps act as inhibitors. Also, perceived benefits β = 0.235, p = 0.002, and perceived behavior control β = 0.157, p = 0.027 positively predict behavior intentions. This thus suggests that improvement in the technological infrastructure and increasing farmers’ awareness of the practical and economic benefits of alternative fuel machinery could result in a serious increase in adoption rates. This study does have weaknesses, as its focus on 50 mid-sized farms in the Midwest and utilization of self-reported data may limit the generalizability of its findings. This study, however, has major implications for policy and manufacturers to underscore the fact that targeted interventions through subsidies, training programs, and infrastructural development would be necessary to permit a transition toward sustainable energy in agriculture.
Institutional Environment and Productive Entrepreneurship
Authors: Li Nan , Tang Yanzhao , Xia Guangyu , Tang Hongqin , Li He
Published: December 2024

In the context of intensifying global competition, productive entrepreneurship plays an important role in industrial upgrading and sustainable economic development. This study explores how the institutional environment affects productive entrepreneurship through different allocation paths. By integrating multiple institutional logics and using PD-QCA (Panel Data fsQCA) methods, we examined data from 76 countries for the period 2012–2022. The results show that institutional complexity provides entrepreneurs with diversified opportunities and resources, but also brings decision-making challenges due to the conflict of institutional factors. We identified three main models: (1) Government-Market Collaborative Model: driven by government support and property rights protection. (2) Market-Led Model: financial support is crucial. (3) Three-Wheel Drive Model: combines property rights protection, market opening, and social norms that promote entrepreneurship. This study contributes to the literature by revealing the multidimensional effects of institutional complexity and provides practical implications for policymakers seeking to promote high-quality entrepreneurial activity. Limitations include the static nature of the data and the need to further explore dynamic institutional interactions over time.
Technology-Organization-External-Sustainability (TOES) Framework for Technology Adoption: Critical Analysis of Models for Industry 4.0 Implementation Projects
Authors: Satyro Walter Cardoso , Contador Jose Celso , Gomes Jansen Anderson , Monken Sonia Francisca de Paula , Barbosa Antonio Pires , Bizarrias Flavio Santino , Contador Jose Luiz , Silva Leandro Simplicio , Prado Rogerio Glaser
Published: December 2024

Although there are different theories about the adoption and implementation of technological innovation by companies, they have an organization/individual-centered approach. The aim of this study is to propose the Technology–Organization–External–Sustainability (TOES) framework, a technology adoption theory, an extension of the Technology-Organization-(business) Environment (TOE) framework, to assist companies in adopting and implementing technology through a holistic approach. Design Science Research was used to structure the TOES framework and the Delphi method for its evaluation and improvement. To examine the potential of the TOES framework, 40 maturity and readiness models found in the literature were examined, which were created to assist in Industry 4.0 implementation projects, according to their common element of analysis—their dimensions. An important finding was that the TOES framework allowed us to identify that most of these models focused predominantly on technology; therefore, they do not always allow for a general analysis of the company, nor do they consider the external competitive scenario or sustainability as relevant contexts for analysis. The theoretical and practical contribution lies in the presentation of the TOES framework that incorporates sustainability as a relevant context for analysis, expanding the theory of the adoption of technological innovation. Another theoretical contribution is to alert researchers that maturity and readiness models for Industry 4.0 implementation projects should take a more holistic approach. It is suggested to use the TOES framework in other areas of knowledge, such as medicine, engineering, technology, and science, among others, to test its potential.
Sustainable Ecotourism Suitability Assessment Using the Intergraded TOPSIS Model in the State of Mizoram, India
Authors: Barman Jonmenjoy , Halder Somenath , Das Jayanta , Ali Syed Sadath , Hasher Fahdah Falah Ben , Rukhsana  , Zhran Mohamed
Published: December 2024

Ecotourism is becoming more and more significant because it aids in environmental protection and maintaining the sustainable growth of a region. Mizoram is known for its potentially varied landscapes, which draw visitors from many nations and territories. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach was used in this study to evaluate land suitability for ecotourism initiatives in Mizoram spatially. The study also focused on role weighting (subjective, objective, and intergraded) on the decision-making process. In this regard, the weightage of twelve ecotourism influencing factors was determined to integrate with the TOPSIS model and the Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. As a result, five hierarchical ecotourism zones, including very high to very low, have been classified using Jenks’s natural breaking classification. The model’s accuracy based on the area under the curve (AUC) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that all models successfully predict potential ecotourism in the marginal hilly region. As a result, the intergrade weighting combined TOPSIS model showed that 25.18% of the study region has very highly suitable for ecotourism. The results of this study may be used as a foundation for assessing the feasibility of resources suitable for ecotourism development by government officials and planners.
A Systematic Review of BIM-Based Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment for Buildings
Authors: Berges-Alvarez Ileana , Martínez-Rocamora Alejandro , Marrero Madelyn
Published: December 2024

The construction industry has enormous impacts on the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social. To mitigate these impacts, several researchers have explored a variety of methods that link Building Information Modeling (BIM) with methodologies for a holistic evaluation of sustainability, such as Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). However, the complete integration of BIM-LCSA still remains unresolved, with a series of challenges that must be overcome. Consequently, the aim of this article is to identify the advances and challenges of BIM-LCSA integration focused on buildings through a literature review of the existing solutions presented by researchers worldwide. The PRISMA 2020 protocol is used. A total of 135 articles published between 2010–2023 are reviewed for bibliometric analysis. Furthermore, an exhaustive analysis of the case studies is carried out, by taking into account the structure proposed by ISO 14040. The authors identify a gap in the literature mainly regarding the full integration of the three dimensions with BIM that facilitates a simultaneous on-the-air assessment, in addition to the lack of a standardized LCSA method of calculation.
Carbon Tax Refund System for Recycling in Reverse Supply Chain Network to Minimize GHG Emissions and Costs
Authors: Takeshita Haruto , Kinoshita Yuki , Yamada Tetsuo
Published: December 2024

Material recycling is vital for achieving carbon neutrality because using recycled materials helps avoid greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that result from using virgin material. Carbon tax has been introduced in many countries to reduce GHG emissions. As recycling can prevent additional GHG emissions, the carbon tax should be refunded based on the GHG volume saved by recycling. The incentive of carbon tax refund can help promote recycling as an environment-friendly and economical activity. To retrieve material values from end-of-life (EOL) products, a reverse supply chain network should be designed based on the status and value of EOL products. This study introduces carbon tax refund into the reverse supply chain network for maximizing saved GHG emissions and minimizing cost. The bi-objective model is formulated using ϵ constraint method and integer programming. Numerical experiments were conducted based on the recycling of a vacuum cleaner and a laptop. The monetary rate at which the carbon tax refund became economically attractive differed according to product type. Thus, variable carbon tax refund rates would be needed, based on product type, to incentivize recycling.
Exploring Common Residential Landscape Types and Their Water Budget in Amman, Jordan
Authors: Hiary Oday A. , Al-Ajlouni Malik G.
Published: December 2024

Understanding the components of residential landscapes in Amman can deliver effective information about landscape elements, materials, and water requirements. This research aimed to identify the most common landscape types and materials for residential properties and their landscape water budget in Amman, Jordan. This research surveyed 54 residential properties with a landscape in six neighborhoods in Amman. All landscape elements and materials were measured, identified, and documented on an AutoCAD plan. The whole landscaped area around the home was divided into separate zones based on landscape location and use (front yard, back yard, and side yard). Each zone was treated as an individual landscape. All landscape areas were standardized per zone area. Seven common landscape types were identified, and they represented 87% of all studied landscapes. The common landscape types were hard-surface, hard-surface soil, hard-surface mulch, hard-surface turf, soil, tree hard-surface turf, and turf. The hard-surface landscape was the most common type, forming 42% of Amman’s residential landscape. Common landscape types were grouped into two water budget groups. Turf landscape type had the highest landscape water budget. Plants with a ‘low to moderate’ water use level were the most common in the Amman residential landscape.
Prediction of Potential Evapotranspiration via Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Sustainable Water Management in the Murat River Basin
Authors: Hasan Ibrahim A. , Yuce Mehmet Ishak
Published: December 2024

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is a significant factor contributing to water loss in hydrological systems, making it a critical area of research. However, accurately calculating and measuring PET remains challenging due to the limited availability of comprehensive data. This study presents a detailed sustainable model for predicting PET using the Thornthwaite equation, which requires only mean monthly temperature (Tmean) and latitude, with calculations performed using R-Studio. A geographic information system (GIS) was employed to interpolate meteorological data, ensuring coverage of all sub-basins within the Murat River basin, the study area. Additionally, Python libraries were utilized to implement artificial intelligence-driven models, incorporating both machine learning and deep learning techniques. The study harnesses the power of artificial intelligence (AI), applying deep learning through a convolutional neural network (CNN) and machine learning techniques, including support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF). The results demonstrate promising performance across the models. For CNN, the coefficient of determination (R2) varied from 96.2 to 98.7%, the mean squared error (MSE) ranged from 0.287 to 0.408, and the root mean squared error (RMSE) was between 0.541 and 0.649. For SVM, the R2 varied from 94.5 to 95.6%, MSE ranged between 0.981 and 1.013, and RMSE ranged from 0.990 to 1.014. RF showed the best performance, achieving an R2 of 100%, MSE values of 0.326 and 0.640, and corresponding RMSE values of 0.571 and 0.800. The climate and topography data used for all algorithms were consistent, and the results indicate that the RF model outperforms the others. Consequently, The RF model’s superior accuracy highlights its potential as a reliable tool for sustainable PET prediction, supporting informed decision-making in water resource planning. By leveraging GIS, AI, and machine learning, this study enhances PET modeling methodologies, addressing critical water management challenges and promoting sustainable hydrological practices in the face of climate change and resource limitations.
Case Series: An Innovative Technique for Post-Corpectomy Reconstruction Using a Cage–Allograft/Autograft Construct
Authors: Groszman Lilly , Al Rawahi Salim , Al Mugheiry Wissam , Aldeghaither Mohammed , Aoude Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Study Design: This was a single-institution, retrospective cohort study. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess a surgical technique for spinal reconstruction after corpectomy, integrating an allograft/autograft within a vertebral body replacement cage linked to spinal rods via pedicle screws. This method aims to enhance biomechanical stability and promote long-term fusion without cage endcaps. Summary of Background data: Recent advancements in spinal surgery feature innovative constructs that improve healing and fusion rates. FDA-approved mesh cages provide enhanced stability and superior fusion with fewer complications. Our approach combines allografts/autografts with vertebral replacements, using a pedicle screw through the cage for significant biomechanical enhancement. Methods: Two patients undergoing cervical and lumbar spinal reconstructions due to different pathologies were selected. The surgical technique involved shaping the allograft/autograft to fit precisely within the cage, extending beyond its ends to facilitate fusion at both ends, and securing the construct to the spinal rods with pedicle screws for added stability. Patient outcomes were assessed based on post-operative stability, fusion rates, and the presence of any complications. Results: Both cases successfully utilized the technique, achieving stabilization and fusion. Improvements were noted in post-operative recovery. There were no instances of cage subsidence, or any significant complications directly related to the novel construct. Conclusions: Our case series highlights a post-corpectomy reconstruction technique involving a mesh cage construct integrated with an autograft/allograft and connected to posterior instrumentation for enhanced stability. This technique was applied successfully in two cases, demonstrating its feasibility, durability, and potential to promote biological integration. Further studies with larger cohorts and extended follow-up periods are necessary to refine the approach for wider clinical use.
Exact Solutions to the Oberbeck–Boussinesq Equations for Describing Three-Dimensional Flows of Micropolar Liquids
Authors: Baranovskii Evgenii S. , Ershkov Sergey V. , Prosviryakov Evgenii Yu. , Yudin Alexander V.
Published: December 2024

The article proposes several classes of exact solutions to the Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations to describe convective flows of micropolar fluids. The possibility of using families of exact solutions for convective flows of classical incompressible fluids to micropolar incompressible fluids is discussed. It is shown that the three-dimensional Oberbeck–Boussinesq equation for describing steady and unsteady flows of micropolar fluids satisfies the class of Lin–Sidorov–Aristov exact solutions. The Lin–Sidorov–Aristov ansatz is characterized by a velocity field with a linear dependence on two spatial coordinates. These coordinates are called horizontal or longitudinal. The coefficients of the linear forms of the velocity field depend on the third coordinate (vertical or transverse) and time. The pressure field and the temperature field are described using quadratic forms. Generalizations of the Ostroumov–Birikh class are considered a special case of the Lin–Sidorov–Aristov family for describing unidirectional flows and homogeneous shear flows. An overdetermined system of Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations is investigated for describing non-homogeneous shear flows of non-trivial complex topology in 3D metric space. A compatibility condition is obtained in the Lin–Sidorov–Aristov class. Finally, a class of exact solutions with a vector velocity field that is nonlinear in part of the coordinates is presented in our analysis; such partially invariant solutions correspond to theoretical findings regarding symmetric/asymmetric properties of flow fields in solutions topology in a part of the existence appropriate for symmetry for the obtained invariant solutions.
Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Engineering Management Decision-Making with Mediating Role of Transformational Leadership
Authors: Abositta Abdullah , Adedokun Muri Wole , Berberoğlu Ayşen
Published: December 2024

The relationship between AI and management decision-making has received increasing attention in the literature, but the impact of AI on managerial decision-making through transformational leadership has not yet been thoroughly examined. Thus, this study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence on engineering management decision-making through transformational leadership. The participants include 385 employees drawn from manufacturing, construction, and information technology firms in Turkey. The data were processed using WarpPLS (7.0), and the estimation was conducted with the use of “partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)”. A positive and significant direct influence of “artificial intelligence” and “transformational leadership” on engineering management decision-making practices was demonstrated in this study, while transformational leadership was also found to have a significant mediating role in the relationship between artificial intelligence and engineering management decision-making practices. This study concluded with theoretical and practical implications for policymakers in the engineering industry by providing an integrated framework that allows for a nuanced examination of how AI impacts engineering management decision-making. It accounts for individual perceptions, leadership influences, and organizational adaptations, providing a comprehensive lens through which to analyze the complex interplay between AI technology, leadership, and decision-making processes in engineering management contexts. In addition, the findings of our study have significant implications for engineers and for governments creating standards to help preserve engineering businesses. Leaders and practitioners should research the instillation of values inherent to AI for an organization like engineering businesses to ensure that AI is being used to enable effective decision-making towards ensuring the accomplishment of their sustainable competitive advantage.
A Bi-Objective Model for the Location and Optimization Configuration of Kitchen Waste Transfer Stations
Authors: Wan Ming , Qu Ting , Huang George Q. , Chen Ruoheng , Huang Manna , Pan Yanghua , Nie Duxian , Chen Junrong
Published: December 2024

Since the implementation of China’s mandatory waste sorting policy, the recycling of kitchen waste has become one of the core tasks of waste classification. The problem of designing the locations and the optimization configuration strategy for kitchen waste transfer stations faces great challenges in reconstructing the municipal solid waste collection and transportation system. This paper establishes an integer programming model for the bi-objectives of the location and optimal configuration for a kitchen waste transfer station, with the goal of minimizing the total cost and overall negative environmental impact. An improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with an elite strategy (NSGA-II) is used to solve the problem, resulting in a Pareto-optimal solution set that includes several non-dominated solutions, thereby providing diversified choices for decision-makers. Finally, a pilot case involving cooperative enterprises is used as an example in this study, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm, as well as their feasibility in practice.
Unmasking the Invisible Threat: Biological Impacts and Mechanisms of Polystyrene Nanoplastics on Cells
Authors: Bu Wenxia , Cui Ye , Jin Yueyuan , Wang Xuehai , Jiang Mengna , Huang Ruiyao , Egbobe JohnPaul Otuomasiri , Zhao Xinyuan , Tang Juan
Published: December 2024

Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs), a pervasive component of plastic pollution, have emerged as a significant environmental and health threat due to their microscopic size and bioaccumulative properties. This review systematically explores the biological effects and mechanisms of PS-NPs on cellular systems, encompassing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, inflammation, and disruptions in autophagy. Notably, PS-NPs induce multiple forms of cell death, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, mediated through distinct yet interconnected molecular pathways. The review also highlights various factors that influence the cytotoxicity of PS-NPs, such as particle size, surface modifications, co-exposure with other pollutants, and protein corona formation. These complex interactions underscore the extensive and potentially hazardous impacts of PS-NPs on cellular health. The findings presented here emphasize the need for continued research on the mechanisms underlying PS-NP toxicity and the development of effective strategies for mitigating their effects, thereby informing regulatory frameworks aimed at minimizing environmental and biological risks.
Neurotransmitter Metabolic Disturbance in Methamphetamine Abusers: Focus on Tryptophan and Tyrosine Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Wang Xi , Wu Weilan , Liu Jing , Hu Miaoyang , Cheng Jie , Xiong Jianping , Chen Xufeng , Gao Rong , Wang Jun
Published: December 2024

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse disrupts the homeostasis of neurotransmitter (NT) metabolism, contributing to a wide range of neurological and psychological disorders. However, the specific effects of METH on NT metabolism, particularly for the tryptophan (TRP) and tyrosine (TYR) metabolic pathways, remain poorly understood. In this study, serum samples from 78 METH abusers and 79 healthy controls were analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A total of 41 substances, primarily from the TRP and TYR metabolic pathways, were detected and subjected to multivariate analysis. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) revealed a significant separation of serum metabolites between METH abusers and controls, encompassing the disturbance of serotonergic, kynurenic, and microbial metabolism. In the serotonergic pathway, METH significantly reduced melatonin (MLT) levels and impaired the conversion of serotonin (5-HT) to N-acetylserotonin (NAS), a key precursor of MLT. In the kynurenic pathway, METH promoted a shift to the toxic metabolic pathway, evidenced by elevated levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and quinolinic acid (QA). Furthermore, microbial metabolic pathway-related indole and its derivatives were markedly suppressed in METH abusers. Gender-specific differences were also observed, with NT metabolism in TRP and TYR pathways showing more pronounced alterations in male or female subgroups. Therefore, the current study provides a comprehensive overview of the disturbance in TRP- and TYR-associated NT metabolism caused by METH abuse and highlights NT metabolism as a promising therapeutic target for METH-induced neural and psychiatric disorders.
Energy, Aromatic, and Medicinal Plants’ Potential and Prospects for the Remediation of Potentially Toxic Element-Contaminated Agricultural Soils: A Critical Meta-Analysis
Authors: Golia Evangelia E. , Barbieri Edoardo , Papadimou Sotiria G. , Alexiadis Dimitrios
Published: December 2024

A critical meta-analysis of the past decade’s investigations was carried out with the aim of assessing the use of plant-based techniques for soil remediation. Potentially toxic element (PTE) contaminated soils were selected since these contaminants are considered hazardous and have long-term effects. Furthermore, energy, aromatic, and medicinal plants were studied as their high-value products seem to be affected by PTEs’ existence. Lead (Pb), Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Hg, and As accumulation in different parts of plant species has been investigated using proper indices. Aromatic plants seem to provide high phytoremediation yields. Increasing toxicity levels and the coexistence of many metals enhance the accumulation capacity of aromatic plants, even of toxic Cd. In plants usable as energy sources, antagonistic effects were observed, as the simultaneous presence of Cu and Cd resulted in lower thermic capacity. Finally, in most of the plants studied, it was observed that the phytostabilization technique, i.e., the accumulation of metals mainly in the roots of the plants, was often used, allowing for the aboveground part to be almost completely free of metallic pollutants. Using plants for remediation was proven to be advantageous within a circular economy model. Such a process is a promising solution, both economically and environmentally, since it provides a useful tool for keeping environmental balance and producing safe goods.
Diagnosis and Management of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome in Resource-Constrained Settings: A Case Report and an Adapted Case Definition
Authors: Kumwenda Tapiwa , Hodson Daniel Z. , Rambiki Kelvin , Rambiki Ethel , Fedoriw Yuri , Tymchuk Christopher , Wallrauch Claudia , Heller Tom , Painschab Matthew S.
Published: December 2024

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), also known as human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), is the primary etiologic cause of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and KSHV Inflammatory Cytokine Syndrome (KICS). Patients with KICS demonstrate symptoms of systemic inflammation, high KSHV viral load, elevation of inflammatory markers, and increased mortality. Management requires rapid diagnosis, treatment of underlying HIV, direct treatment of KS, and addressing the hyperimmune response. While a case definition based on clinical presentation, imaging findings, laboratory values, KSHV viral load, and lymph-node biopsy has been proposed, some of the required investigations are frequently unavailable in resource-constrained settings. Due to these challenges, KICS likely remains underdiagnosed and undertreated in these settings. We report a case of a 19-year-old woman living with HIV, and intermittent adherence to her ART, who presented with hypotension and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. She was found to have high KSHV and HIV viral loads, low CD4 count, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated inflammatory markers. On bedside ultrasound, she was found to have bilateral pleural effusions, ascites, an enlarged spleen, and hyperechoic splenic lesions. The diagnosis of KICS was made based on this constellation of findings. Weighing the risk and benefits of steroid administration in KS patients, the patient was successfully treated by the continuation of ART and the initiation of paclitaxel chemotherapy and steroids. We propose an adapted case definition relevant to the resource-constrained context. Due to the dual burden of KSHV and HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, additional cases of KICS are likely, and this syndrome will contribute to the burden of early mortality in newly diagnosed HIV patients. Addressing the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of KICS must be a part of the overall management of the HIV pandemic.
Sustainable Urbanization and Microplastic Management: Implications for Human Health and the Environment
Authors: Ihenetu Stanley Chukwuemeka , Enyoh Christian Ebere , Wang Chunhui , Li Gang
Published: December 2024

Microplastic (MP) pollution has emerged as a critical environmental and health issue, particularly in urban areas where the use of plastic packaging for preserved foods, personal care products, and other consumables is prevalent. The rapid pace of urbanization amplifies the challenges associated with managing MP pollution, making it imperative to develop innovative and sustainable solutions. MPs are ubiquitous in urban environments, originating from various sources and pathways, including improper waste disposal, stormwater runoff, and atmospheric deposition. These tiny particles not only threaten ecological integrity but also pose significant risks to human health. Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive approach that integrates environmental management, public health considerations, and socio-economic factors within urban planning. The presence of MPs adversely affects ecosystems and human health, highlighting the urgent need for effective MP management within sustainable urbanization strategies. This paper presents a novel perspective on managing MP pollution in urban environments, focusing on the specific challenges and opportunities. Unlike existing reviews that provide broad overviews of MP pollution, our study proposes management strategies designed to address the distinct issues faced in urban settings. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding MPs in urban areas, encompassing environmental, health, and socio-economic impacts. These strategies include promoting eco-friendly alternatives to plastics, enhancing waste collection and disposal systems, and implementing policy interventions aimed at reducing plastic consumption. By addressing urban-specific challenges and proposing comprehensive solutions, our study aims to significantly contribute to the field of MP pollution management in sustainable urbanization, ultimately safeguarding human health and the environment.
Discovery of Potent Dengue Virus NS2B-NS3 Protease Inhibitors Among Glycyrrhizic Acid Conjugates with Amino Acids and Dipeptides Esters
Authors: Lin Yu-Feng , Lai Hsueh-Chou , Lin Chen-Sheng , Hung Ping-Yi , Kan Ju-Ying , Chiu Shih-Wen , Lu Chih-Hao , Petrova Svetlana F. , Baltina Lidia , Lin Cheng-Wen
Published: December 2024

This study investigated a library of known and novel glycyrrhizic acid (GL) conjugates with amino acids and dipeptide esters, as inhibitors of the DENV NS2B-NS3 protease. We utilized docking algorithms to evaluate the interactions of these GL derivatives with key residues (His51, Asp75, Ser135, and Gly153) within 10 Å of the DENV-2 NS2B-NS3 protease binding pocket (PDB ID: 2FOM). It was found that compounds 11 and 17 exhibited unique binding patterns, forming hydrogen bonds with Asp75, Tyr150, and Gly153. Based on the molecular docking data, conjugates 11 with L-glutamic acid dimethyl ester, 17 with β-alanine ethyl ester, and 19 with aminoethantic acid methyl ester were further demonstrated as potent inhibitors of DENV-2 NS3 protease, with IC50 values below 1 μM, using NS3-mediated cleavage assay. Compound 11 was the most potent, with EC50 values of 0.034 μM for infectivity, 0.042 μM for virus yield, and a selective index over 2000, aligning with its strong NS3 protease inhibition. Compound 17 exhibited better NS3 protease inhibition than compound 19 but showed weaker effects on infectivity and virus yield. While all compounds strongly inhibited viral infectivity post-entry, compound 19 also blocked viral entry. This study provided valuable insights into the interactions between active GL derivatives and DENV-2 NS2B-NS3 protease, offering a comprehensive framework for identifying lead compounds for further drug optimization and design as NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitors against DENV.
Serological Evidence of Cryptic Rift Valley Fever Virus Transmission Among Humans and Livestock in Central Highlands of Kenya
Authors: Situma Silvia , Omondi Evans , Nyakarahuka Luke , Odinoh Raymond , Mweu Marshal , Mureithi Marianne W. , Mulinge Martin M. , Clancey Erin , Dawa Jeanette , Ngere Isaac , Osoro Eric , Gunn Bronwyn , Konongoi Limbaso , Khamadi Samoel A. , Michiels Johan , Ariën Kevin K. , Bakamutumaho Barnabas , Breiman Robert F. , Njenga Kariuki
Published: December 2024

Although the highlands of East Africa lack the geo-ecological landmarks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) disease hotspots to participate in cyclic RVF epidemics, they have recently reported growing numbers of small RVF clusters. Here, we investigated whether RVF cycling occurred among livestock and humans in the central highlands of Kenya during inter-epidemic periods. A 2-year prospective hospital-based study among febrile patients (March 2022–February 2024) in Murang’a County of Kenya was followed by a cross-sectional human–animal survey. A total of 1468 febrile patients were enrolled at two clinics and sera tested for RVF virus RNA and antiviral antibodies. In the cross-sectional study, humans (n = 282) and livestock (n = 706) from randomly selected households were tested and questionnaire data were used to investigate sociodemographic and environmental risk factors by multivariate logistic regression. No human (n = 1750) or livestock (n = 706) sera tested positive for RVFV RNA. However, 4.4% livestock and 2.0% humans tested positive for anti-RVFV IgG, including 0.27% febrile patients who showed four-fold IgG increase and 2.4% young livestock (<12 months old), indicating recent virus exposure. Among humans, the odds of RVF exposure increased significantly (p < 0.05, 95% CI) in males (aOR: 4.77, 2.08–12.4), those consuming raw milk (aOR: 5.24, 1.13–17.9), milkers (aOR: 2.69, 1.23–6.36), and participants residing near quarries (aOR: 2.4, 1.08–5.72). In livestock, sheep and goats were less likely to be seropositive (aOR: 0.27, 0.12–0.60) than cattle. The increase in RVF disease activities in the highlands represents a widening geographic dispersal of the virus, and a greater risk of more widespread RVF epidemics in the future.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Anti-Chikungunya Virus Activity of an Active Fraction Obtained from Euphorbia grandicornis Latex
Authors: Santiago-Cruz José Angel , Posadas-Mondragón Araceli , Pérez-Juárez Angélica , Herrera-González Norma Estela , Chin-Chan José Miguel , Aguilar-González Joab Eli , Aguilar-Faisal José Leopoldo
Published: December 2024

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is classified as a pathogen with the potential to cause a pandemic. This situation becomes more alarming since no approved drug exists to combat the virus. The present research aims to demonstrate the anti-CHIKV activity of molecules present in the latex of Euphorbia grandicornis. Therefore, a biodirected assay was carried out to find the molecules with anti-CHIKV activity. Extractions with hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol and subsequent purification by column chromatography were carried out to later evaluate cytotoxic activity by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and antiviral activity by plaque assay. Our findings show that unlike the others, methanolic extract has a low cytotoxic effect and a good anti-CHIKV effect (EC50 = 26.41 µg/mL), which increases when obtaining the purified active fraction (pAFeg1) (EC50 = 0.4835 µg/mL). Time-of-addition suggests that the possible mechanism of action of pAFeg1 could be inhibiting any of the non-structural proteins of CHIKV. In addition, both the cytotoxic and anti-CHIKV activity of pAFeg1 demonstrate selectivity since it killed cancer cells and could not inhibit DENV2.
Development, Pre-Clinical Safety, and Immune Profile of RENOVAC—A Dimer RBD-Based Anti-Coronavirus Subunit Vaccine
Authors: Muminov Muzaffar , Tsiferova Nargiza , Pshenichnov Egor , Ermatova Khusnora , Charishnikova Oksana , Abdullaev Alisher , Levitskaya Yuliya , Dalimova Dilbar , MVS Sandhya , Tomar Geetanjali , Dewle Ankush , Choudhari Pradhnya , Wangikar Aditi , Jadhav Amol , Mule Mrunal , Wangikar Pralhad , Abdurakhmonov Ibrokhim , Turdikulova Shahlo
Published: December 2024

Background: The development of effective and safe vaccines and their timely delivery to the public play a crucial role in preventing and managing infectious diseases. Many vaccines have been produced and distributed globally to prevent COVID-19 infection. However, establishing effective vaccine development platforms and evaluating their safety and immunogenicity remains critical to increasing health security, especially in developing countries. Objectives: Therefore, we developed a local subunit vaccine candidate, RENOVAC, and reported its toxicity and immunogenicity profile in animal models. Methods: First, the synthetic gene-coding tandem RBD linked with the GS linker was cloned into the expression vector and expressed in CHO cells. The protein was then purified and filter sterilized, and 10 µg/dose and 25 µg/dose formulations were finally examined for the 14-day repeated dose toxicity followed by the immunogenic profile in preclinical studies. Results: When administered to Sprague Dawley rats by intramuscular route, the vaccine was well tolerated up to and including the dose of 25 µg/animal, and no toxicologically adverse changes were noted. The observed change in weight of the thymus and spleen might be related to the immunological response to the vaccine. The dimer RBD vaccine demonstrated the ability to generate high levels of specific immunoglobulins (IGs) and neutralization antibodies (NAbs). Finally, changes in the amounts of specific T cells and cytokines after vaccination suggested that the vaccine mainly triggers an immune response by activating CD4+ Th2-cells, which then activate B-cells to provide humoral immunity. Conclusions: The study suggests that, based on its reliable immunogenicity and acceptable safety, the vaccine can be further directed for clinical trials.
Evaluating the Protective Role of Intranasally Administered Avian-Derived IgY Against SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian Hamster Models
Authors: Madai Mónika , Hanna Dániel , Hetényi Roland , Földes Fanni , Lanszki Zsófia , Zana Brigitta , Somogyi Balázs , Papp Henrietta , Kuczmog Anett , Faragó-Sipos Orsolya , Nemes Csaba , Palya Vilmos , Horváth Dávid Géza , Balka Gyula , Bányai Krisztián , Jia Xinkai , Balogh Péter , Bajnóczi Pál
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for alternative prophylactic measures, particularly for populations for whom vaccines may not be effective or accessible. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of intranasally administered IgY antibodies derived from hen egg yolks as a protective agent against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian golden hamsters, a well-established animal model for COVID-19. Methods: Hens were immunized with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to generate IgY antibodies. These antibodies were extracted from the egg yolks, purified, and their neutralizing activity was tested in vitro. Syrian golden hamsters were then treated with the IgY antibodies before being challenged with SARS-CoV-2. Viral loads were quantified using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and lung pathology was assessed through histopathological analysis. Results: The in vitro assays showed that IgY effectively neutralized SARS-CoV-2. In the in vivo hamster model, IgY treatment led to a significant reduction in viral loads and a marked decrease in lung consolidation and inflammation compared to the positive control group. Histopathological findings further supported the protective role of IgY in reducing lung damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that IgY antibodies exhibit strong antiviral activity and can significantly reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and associated lung pathology in hamsters. These findings suggest that IgY could be a viable prophylactic option for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly for individuals who cannot receive or respond to vaccines. Further studies are warranted to optimize dosage and explore the long-term efficacy of IgY antibodies.