bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What outcomes should researchers select, collect and report in pre‐eclampsia research? A qualitative study exploring the views of women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Duffy JMN , Thompson T , Hinton L , Salinas M , McManus RJ , Ziebland S ,   the International Collaboration to Harmonise Outcomes in Pre‐eclampsia (iHOPE) Qualitative Research Group
Published: January 2019

Objective

To identify outcomes relevant to women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia.

Design

Qualitative interview study.

Setting

A national study conducted in the United Kingdom.

Sample

Purposive sample of women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia.

Methods

Thematic analysis of qualitative interview transcripts.

Results

Thirty women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia were interviewed. Thematic analysis identified 71 different treatment outcomes. Fifty‐nine of these had been previously reported by pre‐eclampsia trials. Outcomes related to maternal and neonatal morbidity, commonly reported by pre‐eclampsia trials, were frequently discussed by women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia. Twelve outcomes had not been previously reported by pre‐eclampsia trials. When compared with published research, it was evident that the outlook of women with lived experience of pre‐eclampsia was broader. They considered pre‐eclampsia in relation to the ‘whole’ person and attached special significance to outcomes relating to emotional wellbeing and the future health, development and wellbeing of their offspring.

Conclusions

Selecting, collecting and reporting outcomes relevant to women with pre‐eclampsia should ensure that future pre‐eclampsia research has the necessary reach and relevance to inform clinical practice. Future core outcome set development studies should use qualitative research methods to ensure that the long list of potential core outcomes holds relevance to patients.

Tweetable abstract

What do women want? A national study identifies key treatment outcomes for women with pre‐eclampsia. Next step: @coreoutcomes for #preeclampsia @NIHR_DC.
The effect of assigning dedicated general practitioners to nursing homes
Authors: Weatherall Cecilie Dohlmann , Hansen Anne Toft , Nicholson Sean
Published: January 2019

Objective

To determine whether assigning a dedicated general practitioner (GP) to a nursing home reduces hospitalizations and readmissions.

Data Sources/Study Setting

Secondary data on hospitalizations and deaths by month for the universe of nursing home residents in Denmark from January 2011 through February 2014.

Study Design

In 2012, Denmark initiated a program in seven nursing homes that volunteered to participate. We used a difference‐in‐differences model to estimate the effect of assigning a dedicated GP to a nursing home on the likelihood that a nursing home resident will be hospitalized, will experience a preventable hospitalization, and will be readmitted. The unit of observation is a resident‐month.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Data were extracted from the Danish public administrative register dataset.

Principal Findings

We found that assigning a GP to a nursing home was associated with a 0.55 [95 percent CI, 0.08 to 1.02] percentage point reduction in the monthly probability of a preventable hospitalization, which was a 26 percent reduction from the preintervention level of 2.13 percentage points. The associated reduction in the monthly probability of a readmission was 0.68 [95 percent CI, −0.01 to 1.37] percentage points, which was a 25 percent reduction from the baseline level of 2.68 percentage points. Survey results indicated that the likely mechanism for the effect was more efficient and consistent communication between GPs and nursing home personnel.

Conclusions

Assigning a dedicated physician in a nursing home can reduce medical spending and improve patients' health.
Serum apolipoprotein B is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome among middle‐aged and elderly Chinese: A cross‐sectional and prospective cohort study
Authors: Du Rui , Wu Xueyan , Peng Kui , Lin Lin , Li Mian , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Chen Yuhong , Li Donghui , Lu Jieli , Bi Yufang , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang
Published: January 2019

Background

Serum apolipoprotein (apo) B has been associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, findings on the association between apoB and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between serum apoB and MetS risk in Chinese population.

Methods

A baseline survey was conducted in a population‐based cohort of 10 340 adults aged ≥40 years in Shanghai, China, in 2010. A follow‐up visit was conducted to assess incident diabetes in 2015.

Results

At baseline, 2794 of 10 340 participants (27.02%) had MetS. Serum apoB was significantly associated with an increased risk of prevalent MetS. Multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quintiles 2‐5 compared with quintile 1 (reference) were 1.29 (1.02‐1.63), 1.47 (1.18‐1.84), 1.32 (1.06‐1.65), and 2.02 (1.61‐2.51), respectively (Ptrend < 0.05). During an average of 5.1 years follow‐up, 4627 individuals without MetS at baseline showed a significant association between apoB and the risk of incident MetS. Multivariable‐adjusted risk ratios (95% CIs) for subjects in apoB quintiles 2‐5 compared with the reference were 1.43 (1.13‐1.82), 1.57 (1.25‐1.98), 1.74 (1.38‐2.18), and 2.07 (1.66‐2.58), respectively (Ptrend < 0.05). Stratified analysis suggested that the above association was much stronger among normal weight individuals than in those who were overweight or obese.

Conclusion

These cross‐sectional and prospective studies provide evidence that serum apoB is associated with existing MetS and is a possible predictor of the risk of MetS, especially among normal weight individuals.
Conservative treatment for leg oedema and the effect on nocturnal polyuria in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Viaene Annick , Roggeman Saskia , Goessaert An‐Sofie , Kessler Thomas M. , Mehnert Ulrich , Besien Vickie Van , De Muynck Martine , Everaert Karel
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the possible influence of non‐pharmacological interventions, such as compressive bandages and intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC), on leg oedema and nocturnal polyuria (NP), and the possible interrelation between both pathologies in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), as patients with SCI often have leg oedema and during the night the oedema decreases as a result of natural drainage mechanisms that can cause NP.

Patients and Methods

Patients with SCI who followed their first rehabilitation after their SCI with bilateral leg oedema and/or with as much or a larger urine volume at night as during the day. The patients were all wheelchair users and followed the rehabilitation programme daily for 3 weeks.

In all, 24 patients, aged between 21 and 63 years, were selected for participation in the 3‐week rehabilitation programme. During the first week, baseline data were collected. During the second week, IPC was executed from the moment the patient went to lie down. During the third week, the patients wore multilayer compressive bandages. Leg circumference was measured in the morning before sitting up and at the moment they went to lie down in bed. During each study week, a daily frequency–volume chart (24 h) was completed.

Results

The leg volume of both legs was significantly different between the morning and evening (right leg F = 103.90, P < 0.001; left leg F = 100.77, P < 0.001) and between the three treatments (right F = 9.70, P < 0.001; left F = 9.66, P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between the compressive bandages and the baseline period (right and left leg, both P < 0.001) and between the compressive bandages and IPC (right leg P = 0.009 and left leg P = 0.015). There was no significant difference between IPC and the baseline.

When no treatment or IPC was used, urine production was significantly higher during the bed‐rest period. The urine production was significantly lower comparing the use of compressive bandages to baseline and IPC, during bed rest (P = 0.009) and during sleep (P < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in absolute voided volume at night with the compressive bandages as treatment (P < 0.001).

There was a significant positive association between the leg volume change during the day and the urine‐production ratio, 100 mL increase in leg volume was associated with 8% increase in the log‐transformed urine‐production ratio.

Conclusion

There are alternative treatment options for patients with SCI who have oedema or NP. Oedema formation and urine production appear to be related to each other. Therefore, the use of compressive bandages was shown to be a valuable treatment option to improve both leg oedema and NP.
HOW ASSET IRREVERSIBILITY INFLUENCES THE INVESTMENT‐UNCERTAINTY RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Schauer (neé Klepsch) Catharina
Published: January 2019

This paper examines how uncertainty affects firms' investments for varying degrees of asset irreversibility (i.e., the wedge between purchase price and liquidation value of an asset). To identify more or less irreversible capital goods, we exploit unique survey data on German manufacturing firms over the sample period 2004 to 2012 in which managers provide information on investments' purpose (capacity expansion, replacement, restructuring, rationalization, and other). Our results indicate that only investments into the most irreversible capital goods (capacity expansion) will decrease if uncertainty rises. We also find support for other channels, such as the financial friction or the market power channel, to explain the investment‐uncertainty relationship.
Applying habitat and population‐density models to land‐cover time series to inform IUCN Red List assessments
Authors: Santini Luca , Butchart Stuart H. M. , Rondinini Carlo , Benítez‐López Ana , Hilbers Jelle P. , Schipper Aafke M. , Cengic Mirza , Tobias Joseph A. , Huijbregts Mark A. J.
Published: January 2019

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List categories and criteria are the most widely used framework for assessing the relative extinction risk of species. The criteria are based on quantitative thresholds relating to the size, trends, and structure of species’ distributions and populations. However, data on these parameters are sparse and uncertain for many species and unavailable for others, potentially leading to their misclassification or classification as data deficient. We devised an approach that combines data on land‐cover change, species‐specific habitat preferences, population abundance, and dispersal distance to estimate key parameters (extent of occurrence, maximum area of occupancy, population size and trend, and degree of fragmentation) and hence predict IUCN Red List categories for species. We applied our approach to nonpelagic birds and terrestrial mammals globally (∼15,000 species). The predicted categories were fairly consistent with published IUCN Red List assessments, but more optimistic overall. We predicted 4.2% of species (467 birds and 143 mammals) to be more threatened than currently assessed and 20.2% of data deficient species (10 birds and 114 mammals) to be at risk of extinction. Incorporating the habitat fragmentation subcriterion reduced these predictions 1.5–2.3% and 6.4–14.9% (depending on the quantitative definition of fragmentation) for threatened and data deficient species, respectively, highlighting the need for improved guidance for IUCN Red List assessors on the application of this aspect of the IUCN Red List criteria. Our approach complements traditional methods of estimating parameters for IUCN Red List assessments. Furthermore, it readily provides an early‐warning system to identify species potentially warranting changes in their extinction‐risk category based on periodic updates of land‐cover information. Given our method relies on optimistic assumptions about species distribution and abundance, all species predicted to be more at risk than currently evaluated should be prioritized for reassessment.
Freedom immediately after Kant
Authors: Ware Owen
Published: January 2019

Kant's effort to defend the co‐existence of transcendental freedom and natural necessity is one of the crowning achievements of the first Critique. Yet by identifying the will with practical reason in his moral philosophy, he lent support to the view that the moral law is the causal law of a free will—the result of which, as Reinhold argued, left immoral action impossible. However, Reinhold's attempt to separate the will from practical reason generated difficulties of its own, which Maimon was quick to point out. By identifying freedom with indifferent choice, Maimon argued, Reinhold had no resources to explain why a free will acts at all. My aim in this article is to show how Fichte's theory of freedom seeks to reconcile these two commitments: The key lies in what I call Fichte's Genetic Model, according to which indifferent choice is the original condition of the will, but a condition we must actively overcome.
Referral to evaluation for epilepsy surgery: Reluctance by epileptologists and patients
Authors: Steinbrenner Mirja , Kowski Alexander B. , Holtkamp Martin
Published: January 2019

Objective

Despite the obvious advantages of resective surgery in patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy, namely high probability of seizure freedom, decreased mortality, and increased quality of life, referral rates from physicians and approval rates by patients for presurgical assessment remain constantly low.

Methods

In the outpatient clinics of a tertiary epilepsy center, checklists were implemented asking treating epileptologists whether they recommended presurgical evaluation with noninvasive video‐electroencephalographic monitoring to adult patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy and asking respective patients whether they followed this recommendation.

Results

Of 185 eligible patients, 80 (43%) were recommended presurgical evaluation by their epileptologists, and 24 (30%) of these patients consented. Nineteen of all patients (10%) actually underwent noninvasive presurgical assessment, and nine of these eventually proceeded to resection. The most frequent reason for nonreferral by epileptologists was their subjective appraisal of seizure frequency as low (31%), whereas patients declined most often due to overall fear of brain surgery (50%). Variables independently associated with nonreferral by epileptologists comprised older age of patients at questioning (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03), no previous evaluation for epilepsy surgery (OR = 4.04), the presence of legal guardianship (OR = 4.29), and ≥11 years of professional experience by the treating epileptologist (OR = 4.62). Independent predictors for patients’ rejection of presurgical evaluation were older age at questioning (OR = 1.08), lifetime number of antiepileptic drugs ≥ 5 (OR = 4.47), presence of focal aware seizures (OR = 4.37), and absence of focal seizures with impaired awareness (OR = 11.24).

Significance

In both epileptologists and patients with difficult‐to‐treat epilepsy, we found high decision rates against presurgical assessment. Some reasons given by physicians for not recommending presurgical evaluation to patients may be understandable; others need further exploration. On the patients’ side, early and thorough counseling on risks and benefits of epilepsy surgery is necessary to increase understanding and acceptance.
Director networks, turnover, and appointments
Authors: Renneboog Luc , Zhao Yang
Published: January 2019

This paper analyzes the labor market (turnover and appointments) of executive and non‐executive directors by means of social network methodology. We find that directors with strong networks are able to obtain labor market information that enables them to leave their firm more easily for better opportunities. Networks also mitigate information asymmetry problems of external director appointments. Furthermore, the strong impact of indirect connections is in line with the ‘strength of the weak ties’ theory. The fact that direct connections are less important signifies that the connections to people that are close and local are likely to convey redundant information, whereas connections to distant individuals are more efficient in terms of information acquisition and labor market performance improvement.
Deciphering the patterns of genetic admixture and diversity in southern European cattle using genome‐wide SNPs
Authors: Upadhyay Maulik , Bortoluzzi Chiara , Barbato Mario , Ajmone‐Marsan Paolo , Colli Licia , Ginja Catarina , Sonstegard Tad S. , Bosse Mirte , Lenstra Johannes A. , Groenen Martien A. M. , Crooijmans Richard P. M. A.
Published: January 2019

The divergence between indicine cattle (Bos indicus) and taurine cattle (Bos taurus) is estimated to have occurred approximately 250,000 years ago, but a small number of European cattle breeds still display shared ancestry with indicine cattle. Additionally, following the divergence of African and European taurine, the gene flow between African taurine and southern European cattle has also been proposed. However, the extent to which non‐European cattle ancestry is diffused across southern European cattle has not been investigated thoroughly. Also, in recent times, many local breeds have suffered severe reductions in effective population size. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the pattern of genetic diversity in various European cattle based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified from whole‐genome sequencing data. Additionally, we also employed unlinked and phased SNP‐based approaches on high‐density SNP array data to characterize non‐European cattle ancestry in several southern European cattle breeds. Using heterozygosity‐based parameters, we concluded that, on average, nucleotide diversity is greater in southern European cattle than western European (British and commercial) cattle. However, an abundance of long runs of homozygosity (ROH) and the pattern of Linkage disequilibrium decay suggested recent bottlenecks in Maltese and Romagnola. High nucleotide diversity outside ROH indicated a highly diverse founder population for southern European and African taurine. We also show that Iberian cattle display shared ancestry with African cattle. Furthermore, we show that Podolica is an ancient cross‐bred between Indicine zebu and European taurine. Additionally, we also inferred similar ancestry profile of non‐European cattle ancestry in different Balkan and Italian cattle breeds which might be an indication of the common origin of indicine ancestry in these breeds. Finally, we discuss several plausible demographic scenarios which might account for the presence of non‐European cattle ancestry in these cattle breeds.
Analysis of HCRTR2 Gene Variants and Cluster Headache in Sweden
Authors: Fourier Carmen , Ran Caroline , Steinberg Anna , Sjöstrand Christina , Waldenlind Elisabet , Belin Andrea Carmine
Published: January 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the HCRTR2 gene variants rs3122156, rs2653342, and rs2653349 in a large homogenous Swedish case‐control cohort in order to further evaluate the possible contribution of HCRTR2 to cluster headache.

Background

Cluster headache is a severe neurovascular disorder and the pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Due to striking circadian and circannual patterns of this disease, the hypothalamus has been a research focus in cluster headache. Several studies with many different cohorts from Europe have investigated the hypocretin receptor 2 (HCRTR2) gene, which is expressed in the hypothalamus. In particular, one HCRTR2 single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2653349, has been subject to a number of genetic association studies on cluster headache, with conflicting results. Two other HCRTR2 gene variants, rs2653342 and rs2653349, have been reported to be linked to cluster headache in an Italian study.

Methods

We genotyped a total of 517 patients diagnosed with cluster headache and 581 controls, representing a general Swedish population, for rs3122156, rs2653342, and rs2653349 using quantitative real‐time PCR. Statistical analyses of genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies for the 3 gene variants were performed comparing patients and controls.

Results

For rs3122156, the minor allele frequency in patients was 25.9% compared to 29.9% in controls (P = .0421). However, this significance did not hold after correction for multiple testing. The minor allele frequencies for rs2653342 (14.7% vs 14.7%) and rs2653349 (19.5% vs 18.8%) were similar for patients and controls. Furthermore, we found one haplotype that was significantly less common in patients than controls (P = .0264). This haplotype included the minor allele for rs3122156 and the major alleles for rs2653342 and rs2653349. Significance did not hold after applying a permutation test.

Conclusions

Our data show a trend for association between cluster headache and the HCRTR2 polymorphism rs3122156, where the minor allele seems to be a protective factor. However, the other 2 HCRTR2 gene variants, including the previously reported rs2653349, were not associated with cluster headache in our Swedish material. A comparison with previous studies points to variance in genotype and allele frequencies among the different populations, which most likely contributes to the opposing results regarding rs2653349. Although the results from this study do not strongly support an association, HCRTR2 remains an interesting candidate gene for involvement in the pathophysiology of cluster headache.
Tocilizumab‐Associated Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction: A Case Report
Authors: Gonzalez‐Martinez Alicia , Romero‐Palacián Daniel , Dotor García‐Soto Julio , Sánchez Pedro , Reig Roselló Gemma , Zapata Wainberg Gustavo
Published: January 2019

Objectives

To report a case of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) possibly precipitated by tocilizumab.

Background

Immunosuppressant drugs are a rare cause of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction, a syndrome characterized by segmental vasospasm. However, although it is considered a reversible process that resolves within 3 months, the cerebral vasoconstriction over time may lead to severe complications such as strokes.

Results

We describe a 53‐year‐old woman who presented with a reversible vasoconstriction syndrome possibly associated with tocilizumab, an inhibitor of IL‐6 receptor used in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. The patient developed a cerebellar infarction as the major complication of the vasoconstriction syndrome.

Conclusion

Tocilizumab could be a trigger of RCVS. It is important to bear in mind the role of tocilizumab as a possible precipitating factor in order to remove it and reduce complications such as strokes. It is, to our knowledge, the first reversible vasoconstriction syndrome possibly precipitated by tocilizumab published to date.
Effect of hot water treatment of in‐shell pecans on physicochemical properties and consumer acceptability of roasted pecan kernels
Authors: Kharel Karuna , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Yemmireddy Veerachandra K. , Graham Charles J. , Adhikari Achyut
Published: January 2019

The effect of hot water pre‐treatment of in‐shell pecans on physicochemical properties, consumer acceptance and purchase intent of dehulled and roasted kernels was evaluated. In‐shell pecans were first subjected to hot water at 70, 80 and 90 °C for 8.6, 6.6 and 4.6 min respectively and kernels were later dry roasted at 160 °C for 10 min. The physicochemical properties of hot water treated and untreated nuts, before and after roasting were determined. Furthermore, consumer acceptance and purchase intent of the roasted kernels were determined. Hot water treatment, alone and subsequent roasting had minimal effect on pecans’ physicochemical properties. Consumers liked (P < 0.05) the colour and aroma of treated pecans. No effect (P > 0.05) of pre‐treatment was observed on the acceptability of other sensory attributes. Safety claim increased treated pecans’ overall liking; however, it decreased purchase intent. Hot water treatment showed promise as a post‐harvest microbial intervention strategy without affecting the physicochemical properties and consumer acceptability.
Liraglutide effects in a paediatric (7‐11 y) population with obesity: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, short‐term trial to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics
Authors: Mastrandrea Lucy D. , Witten Louise , Carlsson Petri Kristin C. , Hale Paula M. , Hedman Hanna K. , Riesenberg Robert A.
Published: January 2019

Background

Childhood obesity is a major public health concern with limited treatment options.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics during short‐term treatment with liraglutide in children (7‐11 y) with obesity.

Methods

In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 24 children received at least one dose of once‐daily subcutaneous liraglutide (n = 16) or placebo (n = 8) starting at 0.3 mg with weekly dose escalations up to 3.0 mg or maximum tolerated dose, and 20 children completed the trial (14 in the liraglutide group and six in the placebo group). The primary endpoint was the number of adverse events.

Results

Baseline characteristics (mean ± standard deviation) included the following: age 9.9 ± 1.1 years, weight 71.5 ± 15.4 kg, and 62.5% male. Thirty‐seven adverse events were reported in nine liraglutide‐treated participants (56.3%) versus 12 events in five placebo‐treated participants (62.5%). Most adverse events were mild in severity, three were of moderate severity, and none were severe. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most frequently reported events occurring in 37.5% of liraglutide‐treated participants compared with placebo (12.5%). Six asymptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes occurred in five participants of whom four were liraglutide treated. Liraglutide exposure was consistent with dose proportionality. Body weight was the only covariate to significantly impact exposure. A significant reduction in body mass index (BMI) Z score from baseline to end of treatment (estimated treatment difference: −0.28; P = 0.0062) was observed.

Conclusion

Short‐term treatment with liraglutide in children with obesity revealed a safety and tolerability profile similar to trials in adults and adolescents with obesity, with no new safety issues.
Pacific Islands Families Study: Physical growth to age 14 and metabolic risk
Authors: Plank Lindsay D. , Obolonkin Vladimir , Smith Melody , Savila Fa'asisila , Jalili‐Moghaddam Shabnam , Tautolo El‐Shadan , Rush Elaine C.
Published: January 2019

Background

The relationships between the trajectories of weight gain from early childhood to adolescence and risk for metabolic disease are not well understood.

Objective

The objective of the study is to examine the relationships between weight gain from 2 to 14 years and metabolic risk factors at age 14 years in Pacific Island children.

Methods

z scores for weight were calculated at each of the ages 2.5, 4, 6, 9, 11, and 13.5 years in 1053 children. Growth trajectories were determined by estimating the linear trend of z scores with age for each child. In a subgroup of 204 children, biomarkers of metabolic risk were measured and related to linear trend intercepts and slopes.

Results

More rapid growth (greater slope of z score trajectory) was associated with higher concentrations of insulin, leptin (boys), urate, and markers of liver function, insulin resistance and inflammation. Children with higher weights in early life (greater intercept) showed fewer associations with metabolic markers, but considered together, intercept and slope were independently associated with a range of metabolic risk factors.

Conclusions

Both rapid weight gain and a higher body weight in early childhood were associated with higher risk for metabolic disease. Monitoring growth trajectories may help target interventions to optimize nutrition, physical activity, and growth.
A storyteller's guide to problem‐based learning for information systems management education
Authors: Hull David M. , Lowry Paul Benjamin , Gaskin James E. , Mirkovski Kristijan
Published: January 2019

More than a decade ago, evidence‐based recommendations emerged regarding what students of information systems (IS) management education should learn and how should they learn it. Although these recommendations for how IS management should be taught remain valid, they need to be updated to account for recent advances in technologies that enable multimedia learning. Promoters of such technologies promise enhanced cognitive and behavioural outcomes, but this promise remains unreached, reflecting the underdeveloped multimedia‐enabled learning literature. To help attain this promise and rejuvenate the literature of multimedia learning, we offer a roadmap for new areas of research that would inform the design and use of a novel form of multimedia materials: narrative animated videos (NAVs). NAVs represent a form of self‐determined learning that features immersive, story‐based content. We argue that their use will intrinsically motivate users to process the materials to completion, thereby enhancing cognitive and behavioural outcomes, and thus catalysing the effectiveness of the team‐based learning and self‐regulated learning modes for problem‐based learning (PBL) delivery of IS management education. This compelling roadmap corresponds to meaningful IS research because it centres on a topic that the IS literature has long examined—the role of user motivation—and because its theoretical contributions invite specific paths of research for informing the design of the PBL delivery of IS management education within an information systems artefact.
Rethinking Competition Law within the European Economic Constitution
Authors: Gerbrandy Anna
Published: January 2019

In light of re‐conceptualizing a European social market economy, this contribution considers competition law's position in the European economic constitution. The economic constitution captures the economic foundation of European integration as based on the market mechanism. The contribution asks whether the change towards a ‘more economic approach’ to competition law implies an alienation of competition law from societal challenges. The contribution considers whether this interpretation, with competition law being such an integral part of the European economic constitution, should change in light of the constitutional goal of a European social market economy. To do so, the article sketches the fundamental place of competition law in the European economic constitution and shows how its interpretation has become more economics‐based. It highlights some of the problematic aspects of this change and analyzes these findings from the perspective of an economic constitution serving a social market economy.
Hydrogen sulfide: A novel component in Arabidopsis peroxisomes which triggers catalase inhibition
Authors: Corpas Francisco J. , Barroso Juan B. , González‐Gordo Salvador , Muñoz‐Vargas María A. , Palma José M.
Published: January 2019

Plant peroxisomes have the capacity to generate different reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), such as H2O2, superoxide radical (O2· −), nitric oxide and peroxynitrite (ONOO‐). These organelles have an active nitro‐oxidative metabolism which can be exacerbated by adverse stress conditions. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a new signaling gasotransmitter which can mediate the posttranslational modification (PTM) persulfidation. We used Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic seedlings expressing cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) fused to a canonical peroxisome targeting signal 1 (PTS1) to visualize peroxisomes in living cells, as well as a specific fluorescent probe which showed that peroxisomes contain H2S. H2S was also detected in chloroplasts under glyphosate‐induced oxidative stress conditions. Peroxisomal enzyme activities, including catalase, photorespiratory H2O2‐generating glycolate oxidase (GOX) and hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR), were assayed in vitro with a H2S donor. In line with the persulfidation of this enzyme, catalase activity declined significantly in the presence of the H2S donor. To corroborate the inhibitory effect of H2S on catalase activity, we also assayed pure catalase from bovine liver and pepper fruit‐enriched samples, in which catalase activity was inhibited. Taken together, these data provide evidence of the presence of H2S in plant peroxisomes which appears to regulate catalase activity and, consequently, the peroxisomal H2O2 metabolism.
Perceptions of caring behaviours: A comparison of surgical oncology nurses and patients
Authors: Compton Emily K. , Gildemeyer Karen , Reich Richard R. , Mason Tina M.
Published: January 2019

Aims and objectives

The purpose of this article was to compare surgical oncology nurses caring behaviours to perceptions of their surgical oncology inpatients and determine internal consistency of the CAT‐Nurse.

Background

Nursing practice at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute in Tampa, FL is guided by Duffy's Quality‐Caring Model©. No study using Duffy's model for both oncology nurses and patients has been found.

Design

A descriptive correlation design was used adhering to the STROBE guidelines. Data were collected using CAT‐Nurse and compared to data from a previous study using CAT (version V).

Methods

Item responses were compared between nurses and patients using t tests.

Results

Patients scored higher on perceptions of caring behaviours. Mutual problem solving was an area for improvement. The CAT‐Nurse demonstrated internal consistency reliability.

Conclusion

Results from this study can make nurses more aware of the caring perceptions that are not as strong as others, and therefore may have the ability to promote transformation.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results can serve as foundational knowledge for action plans aimed at increasing nurse comfort addressing lower scoring caring behaviours that would then result in improving patient perceptions which could be linked to patient satisfaction and reimbursement.
Do family health conversations impact patients with glioblastoma multiforme and their family members?
Authors: Faarup Inge , Lauridsen Jørgen T. , Lütgen Karin , Nørregaard Anni , Poulsen Frantz Rom , Østergaard Birte
Published: January 2019

Aims and objectives

To assess the impact of family health conversations (FamHC) as a supplement to conventional care on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), family functioning (FFSS) and family hardiness or resilience (FHI) 4 and 14 weeks postoperatively among patients with glioblastoma multiforme and their family members.

Background

There is a lack of knowledge about the efficiency of FamHC among families experiencing glioblastoma multiforme.

Design

A quasi‐experimental pre‐ and post‐test design adhering to the STROBE (Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) guidelines for case–control studies. Patients and family members were included consecutively in the pretest period from November 2013–December 2014 for the control group (offered traditional care only), and in the post‐test period from January 2015–December 2015 for the intervention group (offered traditional care and FamHC). For both groups, 4 and 14 weeks postoperative measurement were obtained.

Methods

Differences in outcomes were assessed using a difference‐in‐difference regression analysis approach measuring difference across pre and post groups and across 4 and 14 weeks measurements.

Results

The study does not reveal significant effects of FamHC (all p‐values larger than 0.05) as measured by the three instruments WHOQOL‐BREF, FFSS and FHI.

Conclusions

The present study was not able to show significant effects of FamHC. However, it cannot be left out that the intervention might be helpful and supportive at a later state of the illness trajectory.

Relevance for clinical practice

The study adds to the growing evidence‐based knowledge on FamHC by questioning their potential use in different cultural contexts among families experiencing critical illness. Oncological nurses need to adapt this information to support their daily care for the patients and their close relatives. For future studies, it is recommended that the families themselves choose when the conversations should take place during the course of the illness.
The effects of amplitude and stability of circadian rhythm and occupational stress on burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction among irregular shift working nurses
Authors: Bagheri Hosseinabadi Majid , Ebrahimi Mohammad Hossein , Khanjani Narges , Biganeh Jamal , Mohammadi Somaye , Abdolahfard Mazaher
Published: January 2019

Aim

To investigate the relation between the circadian rhythm amplitude and stability, and occupational stress with burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction among shift working nurses.

Background

Irregular shift working nurses are prone to burnout syndrome (BS) and job dissatisfaction (JD). circadian rhythm difference and occupational stress might be effective in causing burnout syndrome and dissatisfaction.

Design

In total, 684 nurses who worked in four teaching hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling in a cross‐sectional design based on STROBE guidelines.

Methods

The data were collected by the Circadian Type Inventory, Job Content Questionnaire, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Multiple linear regression, one‐way ANOVA and independent t test were used for statistical analysis by SPSS v24.

Results

About 15% of the nurses suffered from high levels of burnout syndrome. Psychological demand (β = 0.022, CI 95% = 0.003‒0.047 and β = 0.016, CI 95% = 0.001‒0.032) and workplace support (β = −0.043, CI 95% = −0.097–0.003 and β = −0.025, CI 95% = −0.046–0.006) were significant predictors of BS and JD. Male nurses reported lower BS and higher JD compared to female nurses. Irregular shift working schedule was also related to a significantly higher odd of BS (p = 0.009) and JD (p = 0.011). Nurses classified as languid experienced significantly more BS and JD than vigorous nurses.

Conclusion

This study shows that BS and JD were strongly associated with psychological demand and workplace support; and vigorous nurses were less prone to BS and JD, and were more suitable for irregular shift work.

Relevance to clinical practice

In order to reduce burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction among irregular shift working nurses, we need to identify the effect of risk factors such as individual differences on the circadian rhythm and job demand which can affect nurses who work in irregular schedules.
Discharge of older patients with chronic diseases: What nurses do and what they record. An observational study
Authors: Facchinetti Gabriella , Ianni Andrea , Piredda Michela , Marchetti Anna , D’Angelo Daniela , Dhurata Ivziku , Matarese Maria , De Marinis Maria Grazia
Published: January 2019

Aims and objectives

To describe which nursing activities are observed during the discharge of older patients with chronic diseases and to investigate the consistency between the nursing activities actually observed and those documented.

Background

The discharge from hospital of older patients with chronic diseases is a critical transition that can lead to dissatisfaction, delays in discharge, re‐admission, adverse events and increased mortality. Although nurses’ interventions during discharge are important for patient outcomes, little is known about the nursing activities actually performed as compared with those documented.

Design

An observational study of the nursing activities performed during patients’ discharge and a retrospective audit of the nursing records of the same patients and nurses.

Methods

Structured nonparticipant observations were conducted of the activities performed by nurses at discharge. A retrospective audit of the nursing records relating to patient discharge, including the nursing diary and the assessment of critical issues at hospital discharge, was also conducted. The STROBE guidelines were followed (See Supporting Information Appendix S2).

Results

During hospital discharge of 102 patients, 1,224 nursing activities were observed. The number of activities was not related to patients’ age, gender and educational level, nor to nurses’ postgraduate education. Statistically significant correlations emerged between the number of activities observed and the nurses’ work experience.

Conclusions

A predefined discharge plan guiding nurses’ activities during discharge would enable them to respond better to the care needs of elderly patients.

Relevance to clinical practice

Results from the study could help clinical nurses to address care priorities of patients at discharge, by using appropriate plans and checklists and improving recording rates. Novice nurses should be supported when caring for elderly patients with chronic disease at discharge.
Comparison between laparoscopic uterus/sacrocolpopexy and total pelvic floor reconstruction with vaginal mesh for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Wei Dongmei , Wang Ping , Niu Xiaoyu , Zhao Xia
Published: January 2019

Aim

To compare total pelvic floor reconstruction with vaginal mesh (TVM) and laparoscopic uterus/sacrocolpopexy (LSC) for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Methods

Six hundred and seventy patients with POP stage 3 and 4 underwent LSC (n = 350) or TVM (n = 320) at the West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University between January 2011 and December 2016. Retrospective analysis was done to compare the POP‐Q value before operation and 6 months, 5 years after operation, also compare the, patient global impression of change (PGI‐C), pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI‐20) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire (PFIQ‐7). Patients were followed for a median 36 months. Thirty‐five patients in the LSC and 37 in the TVM groups were lost to follow‐up.

Results

Preoperative POP value and disease course were similar (P = 0.075). The LSC group was younger (52.8 ± 6.8 vs. 63.9 ± 8.7 years, P = 0.037). Intraoperative bleeding was smaller in the LSC group (74.4 ± 33.2 vs. 150.4 ± 80.3 mL, P < 0.01), with longer operation time (130.0 ± 34.1 min vs 100.4 ± 40.4 min, P < 0.035). The patients were followed for 10–60 months (median, 36 months). Postoperative PISQ‐12 (P < 0.01) was better in the LSC group. PFDI‐20 and PFIQ‐7 were improved after operation in both groups. Objective satisfaction (94.9% vs 91.9%, P > 0.05) and recurrence rate (8.4% vs 5.1%, P = 0.064) were similar. No infection or fistula occurred after operation in both groups. The complication rate of intraoperative bladder injury and postoperative perineal pain in LSC group was lower than those in the TVM group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

LSC showed no serious adverse events and led to higher postoperative satisfaction than TVM in selected patients. Nevertheless, treatment should be selected in accordance with the willingness and condition of each patient.
Do land use restrictions increase restaurant quality and diversity?
Authors: Shoag Daniel , Veuger Stan
Published: January 2019

There is significant evidence that restrictions on residential land use reduce housing supply, increase house prices, and limit inflows of low‐income households. Local decision‐makers often argue that their efforts are mere attempts to preserve local amenities. We provide evidence that there is some truth to this claim: that residents of cities with more restrictions on land use appear to have access to higher‐quality and more diverse restaurants. In the process, we develop measures of restaurant quality based on organically generated data that, while strongly correlated with expert assessments, are more easily calculated at high frequencies and levels of geographic granularity.
Determinants of postdisplacement reemployment outcomes and occupation changes
Authors: Kosteas Vasilios D.
Published: January 2019

We investigate the roles played by agglomeration (proxied by population density) and occupational distribution on postdisplacement employment outcomes for US workers, focusing on the probability of being employed, the likelihood of changing occupations, and the occupational distance between the old and new occupations (where occupational distance is defined as the difference in job tasks between two occupations). Overall, we find that the local occupational distribution has a greater impact on our outcome variables compared with our agglomeration measure. Our findings suggest policy makers should look closely at occupational distribution when designing job training programs and proposals for relocation vouchers.
Imidazole alkaloids inhibit the pro-inflammatory mechanisms of human neutrophil and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in vivo
Authors: Rocha Talita Magalhães , Machado Nuno J , de Sousa João Antonio Costa , Araujo Emmanuel Vinicius Oliveira , Guimaraes Maria Adelaide , Lima David Fernandes , Leite José Roberto de Souza de Almeida , Leal Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira
Published: January 2019

Objectives

Epiisopiloturine (EPI) and epiisopilosine (EPIIS) are side products in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the alkaloids EPI and EPIIS in human neutrophils and mechanical hyperalgesia in mice.

Methods

Neutrophils (5 × 106 cells/ml) incubated with EPI and EPIIS and stimulated by the addition of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate. The release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, calcium influx, gene expression of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines production were evaluated. It was also investigated the effect these alkaloids on carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia model in mice.

Key findings

We demonstrated that both EPI and EPIIS inhibited the degranulation of activated neutrophils. This effect was accompanied by the reduction in ROS, the prevention of the increase in intracellular Ca2+ and decrease in the density of cytosolic NF-κB, and inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 production. Evaluating hypernociception in mice, EPI and EPIIS inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammatory hypernociception and reduced MPO levels.

Conclusions

The results obtained suggest EPI and EPIIS not only inhibit neutrophils functions in vitro, but also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in vivo, acting through the modulation of the activation and/or accumulation of neutrophils in the inflammatory focus. Thus, EPI and EPIIS possess promising anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential.
Coughing in dogs: what is the evidence for and against a cardiac cough?
Authors: Ferasin L. , Linney C.
Published: January 2019

Cough has been historically reported as a major clinical sign of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in dogs. However, recent evidence appears to contradict the traditional dogmatic approach that linked cough to congestive heart failure in dogs. Here we use a question‐based format to introduce and discuss the modern evidence regarding “cardiac cough” and the interpretation of this important but often misleading clinical sign.
Measuring traffic lane‐changing by converting video into space–time still images
Authors: Sala Marcel , Soriguera Francesc , Huillca Kevin , Vilaplana Verónica
Published: January 2019

Empirical data is needed in order to extend our knowledge of traffic behavior. Video recordings are used to enrich typical data from loop detectors. In this context, data extraction from videos becomes a challenging task. Setting automatic video processing systems is costly, complex, and the accuracy achieved is usually not enough to improve traffic flow models. In contrast “visual” data extraction by watching the recordings requires extensive human intervention. A semiautomatic video processing methodology to count lane‐changing in freeways is proposed. The method allows counting lane changes faster than with the visual procedure without falling into the complexities and errors of full automation. The method is based on converting the video into a set of space–time still images, from where to visually count. This methodology has been tested at several freeway locations near Barcelona (Spain) with good results. A user‐friendly implementation of the method is available on http://bit.ly/2yUi08M.