bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação popular, saúde e segurança alimentar em áreas do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra
Authors: RÜCKERT Bianca , GAIA Marília Carla de Mello
Published: May 2016

Este artigo analisa o desenvolvimento de uma ação educativa em segurança alimentar e nutricional envolvendo o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, na região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A partir do registro da experiência, enfatizou-se a metodologia da ação, os saberes mobilizados e as mudanças nas práticas de saúde, segurança alimentar e produção agropecuária dos sujeitos envolvidos. As reflexões apontam para alguns elementos da metodologia que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da referida ação educativa, para a construção de uma concepção ampliada sobre o processo saúde-doença a partir da inter-relação entre saúde, produção, alimentação e práticas populares de cuidado, além dos desafios e potencialidades ao fortalecimento da segurança alimentar e nutricional nas áreas de Reforma Agrária que integraram a experiência.
Juventude, sexualidade e saúde no universo rural: um olhar antropológico
Authors: FERNANDES Mariel Marostica , CASTRO Sueli Pereira
Published: May 2016

O trabalho de cunho etnográfico tem como objetivo compreender, a partir do habitus, a aprendizagem e a vivência da sexualidade em jovens mulheres pertencentes às comunidades rurais do Pantanal Mato-grossense, no distrito de Joselândia – município de Barão de Melgaço. Foi desenvolvido de outubro/2007 a novembro/2008 e definiu-se como recorte para investigação mulheres na faixa etária de 14 a 20 anos que já vivenciaram experiências sexuais, resultando, ou não, na gravidez. Como recursos metodológicos foram utilizados: caderno de campo, observações diretas, fontes icnográficas e realizadas 32 entrevistas semiestruturadas. Caracterizar a vivência da sexualidade e da gravidez na juventude como um problema de saúde, enfatizados em estudos sobres as temáticas, denota desconsiderar os significados simbólicos sobre suas experiências no universo rural com especificidades culturais próprias. Os dados do estudo apontam que a vivência da sexualidade para jovens mulheres nesse lócus investigativo passa a se constituir um problema de saúde pela inexistência na localidade de ações de saúde que lhes garantam assistência, com resultados desastrosos para elas, que ficam susceptíveis a Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST), à gravidez indesejada, sem atendimento pré-natal e ao parto.
As Campanhas da Voz no percurso da Informação, Educação e Comunicação em Saúde – uma (re)visão reflexiva.
Authors: CARMO Rodrigo Dornelas do , SOUSA Maria Fátima , MENDONÇA Ana Valéria Machado
Published: May 2016

A Campanha da Voz proposta pela Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia (SBFa) é uma ação estratégica em Saúde que tem como objetivo promover os cuidados com a voz junto à população. Surgiu com um enfoque na prevenção, a partir do aumento da incidência de câncer de laringe na população brasileira, sendo que atualmente aborda diversos temas e estratégias na busca pela Promoção da Saúde, representando, portanto uma importante ação educativa promovida no âmbito da Fonoaudiologia e da Saúde Coletiva, e que embora muito valorizada pelos fonoaudiólogos, ainda tem sido pouco estudada. Neste sentido, este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão crítica reflexiva sobre as campanhas da voz promovidas pela Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia (SBFa) no contexto da Informação, Educação e Comunicação em Saúde. Entender os reflexos da campanha está relacionado à possibilidade de modificação das estratégias pedagógicas utilizadas, sustentada pela instrumentalização teórica estabelecida. Isso demonstra a necessidade de uma maior instrumentalização por parte dos profissionais envolvidos neste processo para que possa garantir a qualidade da proposta de uma campanha em saúde. Neste sentido a revisão dos conceitos trabalhados e a forma como são colocados à população nos direciona ao real objetivo das campanhas de saúde, ligado à promoção da saúde, refletindo na qualidade de vida da população.
Concepção de saúde segundo população masculina usuária do SUS.
Authors: FERRETTI Fátima , BEHLING Fernando , SCHNEIDER Emílio Gabriel Ferro
Published: May 2016

A saúde é um fenômeno que difere de acordo com aspectos biológicos, culturais, sociais e históricos e o modo como cada ser humano viveu sua vida. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer a concepção de saúde segundo o relato de população masculina usuária do SUS. Para tanto, foram entrevistados 49 homens usuários de um Centro de Saúde da Família de um município do oeste catarinense e a análise dos dados se deu segundo a proposição de Minayo (2004). A concepção de saúde relatada pelos homens esteve centrada em duas categorias, ausência de doenças e conceito ampliado de saúde. Historicamente o homem preocupa-se com sua saúde apenas mediante intercorrências graves. No entanto, parece-nos que há uma mudança de comportamento ocorrendo na população masculina, em que essa preocupação passa a se dar antes da enfermidade surgir, numa perspectiva preventiva.
Controle primário na gestão de cooperações: uma análise na Fiocruz Brasília.
Authors: Veloso Gabriel Maia , Neto José Antonio Silvestre Fernandes , Martins Wagner de Jesus , Maia Edward Torres , Filho Moizés Ferreira Borba
Published: May 2016

No campo da saúde, a realização de cooperações tem sido fundamental para o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS, o controle primário, também conhecido como controle interno administrativo, sobre essas parcerias vem ganhando importância junto à administração pública e os órgãos de controle. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as ações de controle interno realizadas na Fundação Oswaldo Cruz – Fiocruz - em Brasília. Para isso foram utilizados como referencial os princípios do Committe Of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission I, COSO I, e práticas utilizadas pelo Tribunal de Contas da União - TCU. Como resultados deste trabalho, foi possível comparar as ações de controle interno da Fiocruz Brasília com as da sua Sede, avaliar, entre os atores internos envolvidos no fluxo do processo de concretização das Cooperações, o conhecimento sobre medidas de monitoramento das ações de controle primário e sua efetividade. O presente estudo buscou contribuir para a promoção das ações de controle primário na instituição.
“Teachers are not empty vessels”: A Reception Study of Freeman and Johnson’s (1998) Reconceptualization of the Knowledge Base of Second Language Teacher Education
Authors: Lee Joseph , Murphy John , Baker Amanda
Published: May 2016

This study traces the reception history of Freeman and Johnson’s (1998) widelycited article dedicated to theory and practices of second language teacher education(SLTE). It illuminates the degree to which that article has impacted SLTEtheory, research, and potentially instructional practices. The reception studyanalysis is based on a data set of 413 journal articles, books, book chapters, master’stheses, and doctoral dissertations that cited Freeman and Johnson (F&J)between 1999 and 2014. Using an innovative analytical approach combining bothHyland’s (1999, 2004) citation categories and Coffin’s (2009) stance framework,we investigate the citation analytics of F&J within this data set, including howit has been cited over time and the stance that citing authors have taken towardF&J’s proposals. Although F&J’s reconceptualization of the theory and practicesof SLTE sparked initial controversy, our findings indicate that F&J’s article hasnot only been accumulating increased attention over time, but their vision forthe future of SLTE also has gained greater acceptance and has edged closer to thecenter of SLTE. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for furtherreception studies in TESOL/applied linguistics. Cette étude trace le parcours de l’histoire de la réception de article, largementcité, de Freeman et Johnson (1998) portant sur la théorie et les pratiques enformation des enseignants de langue seconde. Elle souligne la mesure dans laquellel’article a eu un impact sur la théorie, la recherche, voire les pratiquespédagogiques, en formation des enseignants de langue seconde. L’analyse de laréception de l’article repose sur un ensemble de données composé de 413 articlesde revue, livres, chapitres de livre, et thèses de maitrise et de doctorat quicitent Freeman et Johnson (F&J) entre 1999 et 2014. Adoptant une approcheanalytique innovatrice qui combine les catégories de citation de Hyland (1999,2004) et le cadre des positions de Coffin (2009), nous examinons les citations deF&J, y compris la façon dont l’article est cité au fil du temps et la position desauteurs qui le citent par rapport aux propositions de F&J. Bien que la reconceptualisationpar F&J de la théorie et des pratiques en formation des enseignantsde langue seconde ait d’abord suscité une controverse, nos résultats indiquent qu’avec le temps, l’article attire de plus en plus d’attention et que la vision que proposent F&J de l’avenir de la formation des enseignants de langue seconde est mieux reçue et prend davantage sa place dans le domaine. L’article se termine par une discussion des incidences des études portant sur la réception d’articles en linguistique appliquée/TESOL à l’avenir.
Promoting Engagement with Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles in Adult ESL Programs
Authors: Abbott Marilyn , Rossiter Marian , Hatami Sarvenaz
Published: May 2016

Engagement with current research is essential for the implementation of evidence-informed instructional practices in adult English as a second language classrooms. We explored Canadian administrators’ and instructors’ engagement with peer-reviewed research articles, perceptions of their impact, and ways in which stakeholders could enhance engagement. Online surveys were conducted with 41 administrators and 268 instructors, and 4 administrators participated in a focus group interview. Results revealed that administrators were not actively fostering instructors’ engagement with peer-reviewed research and that neither administrators nor instructors were engaging extensively with research. Those who were reading research, however, reported a positive impact on their work, and 86% of instructors indicated interest in enhancing their engagement. We provide recommendations for professional organizations, program funders, program administrators, and instructors to promote TESL practitioner engagement with research. La participation à la recherche actuelle est essentielle pour la mise en œuvre, dans les cours d’anglais langue seconde pour adultes, de pratiques pédagogiques éclairées par des données probantes. Nous avons examiné l’implication d’administrateurs et d’enseignements canadiens face aux articles de recherche revus par les pairs, les perceptions de l’impact de ceux-ci et des façons dont les parties prenantes pourraient augmenter l’engagement. Des sondages en ligne ont été complétés par 41 administrateurs et 268 enseignants, et un entretien/groupe de discussion a eu lieu avec 4 administrateurs. Les résultats indiquent que les administrateurs n’encourageaient pas activement la participation des enseignants relative à la recherche examinée par les pairs et que ni les administrateurs ni les enseignants ne prenaient part activement à la recherche. Par contre, ceux qui lisaient la recherche ont noté qu’elle avait un impact positif sur leur travail et 86% des enseignants ont indiqué qu’ils voulaient augmenter leur implication. Nous offrons, aux organisations professionnelles, bailleurs de fonds, administrateurs de programmes et enseignants, des recommandations qui visent la promotion de l’implication des enseignants en ALS dans la recherche.
Young People’s Response to The Response: The Impact of Political Diversity and Media Framing on Discussions of Combatant Tribunals
Authors: Stoddard Jeremy , Chen Jason
Published: May 2016

This article presents results of a study of the impact of political dynamics on group deliberations of issues presented in the short film The Response. We selected four groups of 18-22 year-old participants based on political views, engagement, and efficacy (liberal, conservative, and two mixed groups), and asked them to view and discuss issues presented in The Response related to the combatant status review tribunals held at Guantanamo Bay. We found the groups with mixed political views had higher quality discussions of the issues and a better understanding of the issues post-discussion – in particular the tension between national security versus individual rights and of the nature of the tribunals. We also found a significant number of conservative group members became more conservative in their views as a result of their discussion. We discuss implications for secondary and post-secondary education as well as for political polarization overall in society.
Addressing Islamophobia Creatively in the Classroom
Authors: Savard Michelle
Published: May 2016

This paper explores Islamophobia and how it manifests in the form of hate speech and hate crimes. It examines how “othering” those from the Middle East and those who practice Islam has become normalized by journalists and government leaders to the extent that basic human rights are being restricted by this practice. The paper argues that the carefully engineered ‘war on terror’ is a government construction to justify the massacre of over one million Afghans, Iraqis and Pakistanis. Given the growing racism directed at all those from the Arab world, this paper puts forward suggestions on how Islamophobia can be deconstructed in the classroom using critical peace education and higher order learning. The paper concludes by suggesting some pedagogical approaches to enhance critical media skills and to encourage students to stand up against this pervasive racism.
Educational, Epistemological and Methodological Considerations on Multicultural and Peace Education
Authors: Bekerman Zvi
Published: May 2016

Based on the result of over a decade of studies I conducted at the Palestinian Jewish integrated bilingual schools in Israel I consider some foundational issues related to present practice and research in the field of multicultural and peace education. I argue that any contributions psychological perspectives might offer to the development of pedagogies that can reduce intergroup hostilities are insufficient and suggest the need to critically approach the concepts of self and identity, culture, multiculturalism, and the political organization of the nation-state if we aim at enhancing the outcomes of intergroup education, the strategies that may improve it, and its research.
Influence of different anoxic time exposures on active biomass, protozoa and filamentous bacteria in activated sludge
Authors: Rodriguez-Perez S. , Fermoso F. G. , Arnaiz C.
Published: May 2016

Medium-sized wastewater treatment plants are considered too small to implement anaerobic digestion technologies and too large for extensive treatments. A promising option as a sewage sludge reduction method is the inclusion of anoxic time exposures. In the present study, three different anoxic time exposures of 12, 6 and 4 hours have been studied to reduce sewage sludge production. The best anoxic time exposure was observed under anoxic/oxic cycles of 6 hours, which reduced 29.63% of the biomass production compared with the oxic control conditions. The sludge under different anoxic time exposures, even with a lower active biomass concentration than the oxic control conditions, showed a much higher metabolic activity than the oxic control conditions. Microbiological results suggested that both protozoa density and abundance of filamentous bacteria decrease under anoxic time exposures compared to oxic control conditions. The anoxic time exposures 6/6 showed the highest reduction in both protozoa density, 37.5%, and abundance of filamentous bacteria, 41.1%, in comparison to the oxic control conditions. The groups of crawling ciliates, carnivorous ciliates and filamentous bacteria were highly influenced by the anoxic time exposures. Protozoa density and abundance of filamentous bacteria have been shown as promising bioindicators of biomass production reduction.
Prevalence and Allergen of Allergic Rhinitis in Korean Children
Authors: Kim Dong Hyun , Park Yoon-Sung , Ji Jang Hae , Kim Jeong Hee , Lim Dae Hyun
Published: May 2016

Background

In recent decades, the amount of data about allergic rhinitis (AR) in Korean National Health Insurance Service has increased.

Objective

To investigate the prevalence and quality of sensitized allergens of AR in Korean children and adolescents.

Methods

This study obtained the results of the Korean International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaires and the skin-prick test (SPT) results of 14,356 students who participated in a health screening from 2010 to 2014. AR was defined as one with current symptoms of AR with at least one or more positive results of an SPT with inhalant allergens.

Results

The prevalence of AR in children was 20.8%. Positive rates of the allergen group were 87.3% for house-dust mites, 37.0% for pollen, 12.4% for mold, and 8.4% for pets. The common allergens in descending order were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Betula, Humulus, Alnus, and Alternaria. As the children became older, pollen-sensitization rates tended to increase (p value for trends, <0.001). In metropolitan and middle inland areas, weed pollen was the most common pollen. The rates of tree-pollen sensitization were the highest at the seaside and in the southern inland. The most common comorbid allergic diseases associated with AR were pollen allergy and allergic conjunctivitis at 37.0% and 34.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

This was the first study conducted in Korea to investigate the prevalence of AR in the general population by using both questionnaires and SPTs. The allergens used for the SPTs were chosen based on the common allergens in this study, and this current pollen data will contribute to establish the cause of increasing AR prevalence in Korea.
Does Oxymetazoline Increase the Efficacy of Nasal Steroids in Treating Nasal Polyposis?
Authors: Kirtsreesakul Virat , Khanuengkitkong Thitiporn , Ruttanaphol Suwalee
Published: May 2016

Background

Although nasal steroids are the mainstay treatments in nasal polyposis, up to one-half of patients do not respond and need surgical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate whether oxymetazoline administration produces any additive effect on nasal steroid therapy and whether rebound congestion develops after oxymetazoline treatment.

Methods

Sixty-eight patients with nasal polyposis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either oxymetazoline plus mometasone furoate nasal spray (MFNS) or placebo plus MFNS, 2 sprays per nostril twice daily, with an interval of 5 minutes between each medication for 4 weeks. All the patients were then treated with MFNS, 2 sprays per nostril twice daily for 2 weeks. The nasal symptoms score, peak inspiratory flow index, nasal mucociliary clearance time (NMCCT), and total nasal polyps score were used to evaluate treatment outcomes. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed, and a worst case sensitivity analysis was applied to missing cases.

Results

Thirty-four patients were allocated to the oxymetazoline-MFNS group, and 34 to the placebo-MFNS group. One patient in each group was lost to last-visit follow-up. At 4 weeks after beginning treatment, the oxymetazoline-MFNS group showed significantly greater improvement in blocked nose, hyposmia, peak flow, NMCCT, and total nasal polyps score than the placebo-MFNS group. During the nasal steroid phase, both groups showed continuing improvement in all outcome variables. However, the oxymetazoline-MFNS group still showed significantly greater improvement in blocked nose, hyposmia, NMCCT, and total nasal polyps score, but not peak flow, than the placebo-MFNS group at the end of the study.

Conclusion

The use of nasal steroids with oxymetazoline was more effective over 6 weeks than nasal steroids alone in improving blocked nose, hyposmia, nasal mucociliary clearance, and polyp size in treatment of nasal polyposis. There was no evidence of rebound congestion after 4 weeks of oxymetazoline treatment.
Intranasal Corticosteroid Therapy in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Liu Hsien-Ta , Lin Ying-Chin , Kuan Yi-Chun , Huang Yao-Hsien , Hou Wen-Hsuan , Liou Tsan-Hon , Chen Hung-Chou
Published: May 2016

Aim

To assess the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroid therapy in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on current evidence.

Methods

A number of medical literature data bases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL, were searched comprehensively to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) that reported on the efficacy of intranasal corticosteroid therapy for OSA. The selected studies were subjected to a meta-analysis and a risk-of-bias assessment.

Results

Seven RCTs met our eligibility criteria, five of these were included in our meta-analysis. The results indicated that intranasal corticosteroid therapy has a better effect in decreasing the apnea-hypopnea index compared with those participants who received placebo (standard mean difference 0.95 [95% confidence interval, -1.42 to -0.47]) (n = 221, I2 = 62%).

Conclusion

Our study results showed that patients who received intranasal corticosteroid therapy had a significant improvement in OSA. However, this evidence was limited by the potential risk of bias and heterogeneity of the selected RCTs.
The Effects of a Cold Pack on Postoperative Turbinate and/or Septal Bleeding and Pain
Authors: Hirunwiwatkul Prakobkiat , Charakorn Natamon , Teerapraipruk Bussarakum , Jongsuebsit Theerayoot
Published: May 2016

Background

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a cold pack in postoperative turbinate and/or septal surgery in terms of postoperative bleeding control, pain management, and patient preference for or against application of a cold pack.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was done at the Department of Otolaryngology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. Ninety-nine adult subjects intending to have turbinate and/or septal surgery were consecutively enrolled in this study. Intervention was randomized into two groups. Postoperative bleeding was collected by paper tissue and weighed to determine amount and/or volume of blood loss. Postoperative pain was measured by using the visual analog scale. Patient preference for or against the use of a cold pack was also assessed.

Results

The mean (standard deviation) postoperative bleeding in the cold pack group was 1.31 ± 1.50 g compared with 1.81 ± 1.89 g in the control group. The mean difference was 0.50 g (95% confidence interval, -0.19 to 1.19 g; p = 0.15). The mean (standard deviation) postoperative visual analog scale pain score in the cold pack group was 2.40 ± 2.32 compared with 3.33 ± 2.83 in the control group. The mean difference was 0.94 (95% confidence interval, -0.11 to 1.99; p = 0.79). Most of the subjects preferred using a cold pack (78.7%) to not using a cold pack (21.3%) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

A cold pack after turbinate and/or septal surgery had no benefit in terms of postoperative bleeding or postoperative pain.
Comparative Techniques of Medial Rectus Muscle Retraction for Endoscopic Exposure of the Medial Intraconal Space
Authors: Lin Giant C. , Freitag Suzanne K. , Kocharyan Armine , Yoon Michael K. , Lefebvre Daniel R. , Bleier Benjamin S.
Published: May 2016

Objective

The medial rectus muscle (MRM) is the medial boundary to the intraconal space of the orbit, and retraction of the MRM is oftentimes necessary for endoscopic removal of intraconal tumors, e.g., orbital hemangioma. We evaluated each of the reported methods of MRM retraction for endoscopic orbital surgery and quantified the degree of intraconal exposure conferred by each method.

Methods

Eight orbits from four cadaver heads were dissected. In each orbit, medial orbital decompression was performed and the MRM was retracted by using four previously described techniques: (1) external MRM retraction at the globe insertion point by using vessel loop (external group), (2) transseptal MRM retraction by using vessel loop (transseptal group), (3) transchoanal retraction of the MRM by using vessel loop (choanal group), and (4) transseptal four-handed technique by using double ball retraction by a second surgeon (transseptal double ball group). The length, height, and area of exposure of the medial intraconal space were quantified and compared.

Results

The average ± standard deviation (SD) anterior-posterior exposures for the external group, transseptal group, and transseptal double ball group were 17.51 ± 3.39 mm, 16.59 ± 4.16 mm, and 18.0 ± 15.25 mm, respectively. The choanal group provided significantly less exposure (12.39 ± 3.44 mm, p = 0.049) than the other groups. The average ± SD vertical exposures for the transseptal group, choanal group, and transseptal double ball group were 12.53 ± 4.38 mm, 13.05 ± 5.86 mm, and 13.57 ± 3.74 mm, respectively. The external group provided significantly less exposure (4.51 ± 1.56 mm, p = 0.0072) than the other groups. The transseptal and transseptal double ball groups provided the greatest total access by surface area (58.88 ± 26.96 mm2 and 62.94 ± 34.74 mm2, respectively) compared with the external and choanal groups (34.82 ± 23.37 mm2 and 43.10 ± 23.68 mm2, respectively). Although the transseptal trajectory of MRM retraction was optimal, the difference in total area of exposure between the static vessel loop retraction and the dynamic, four-handed technique with double ball instrument retraction was not significant. Of note, the exposure provided by the choanal technique required the surgeon to work both above and below the muscle.

Conclusion

Retraction of the MRM toward the choanae provided the least length of exposure, and external retraction exposed the least height and total area. Transseptal MRM retraction was most favorable and provided the largest endoscopic corridor to the medial intraconal space. A four-handed approach for endoscopic intraconal surgery of the orbit may offer advantages in dynamic adjustments in retraction.
A Systematic Review of the Sinonasal Microbiome in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Anderson Martin , Stokken Janalee , Sanford Thomas , Aurora Rajeev , Sindwani Raj
Published: May 2016

Background

The interaction between the host and microorganisms in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is poorly understood and is a growing area of interest. More recently, methodologies have been developed to assess the microbiome without the use of culture by analyzing the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. We reviewed the microbiome literature to better understand the role of microbes in CRS.

Methods

Systematic review of studies that used the 16S ribosomal RNA gene deep sequencing.

Results

Nine publications met the search criteria. Eight studies evaluated the microbiome in controls (total, 83 subjects; range, 3-28 per study), whereas six of the studies included patients with CRS (total, 121 patients; range, 7-43 per study). Various sequencing techniques, primers, sample sites, and extraction methods were used. Of the articles that specified the number of taxa in controls, an average of 1587 taxa were identified (range, 911-2330). Significant heterogeneity was noted among the studies; however, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroides phyla were identified in every sample of control patients and patients with CRS. Three of the studies showed enrichment to some degree of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with CRS. The total bacterial burden in CRS was similar to the controls. One study demonstrated a decrease in diversity, whereas other studies did not show any changes in CRS when compared with controls.

Conclusion

Although there are common phyla present in both control patients and patients with CRS, no consistent enrichment of any particular taxon was identified. Our findings indicated that there was no clear single causative microbe in CRS. More studies are needed to better understand the significance of the host interaction with the microbiome and the role it plays in CRS.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Elcioglu Omer Celal , Afsar Baris , Bakan Ali , Takir Mumtaz , Ozkok Abdullah , Oral Alihan , Kostek Osman , Basci Semih , Kanbay Asiye , Toprak Aybala Erek , Bahat Kubra Aydin , Kalcioglu M. Tayyar , Kanbay Mehmet
Published: May 2016

Background

Chronic inflammation is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction (ED), and cardiovascular diseases. Because chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease, it may be associated with the development of ED and accelerated atherosclerosis.

Objective

To investigate the relationship between CRS and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, and microalbuminuria.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study included 38 patients with CRS and 29 healthy controls. In addition to measuring spot urine albumin-creatinine ratios, FMD of the brachial artery and CIMT were assessed noninvasively.

Results

Patients with CRS had lower FMD scores (p = 0.031), higher CIMT scores (p = 0.005), and a higher urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (p = 0.036) compared with healthy controls. In a multivariate analysis, CIMT and FMD were independently associated with the presence of CRS. However, the relationship between urinary albumin and creatinine, and the presence of CRS was no longer observed.

Conclusions

CRS is associated with ED and atherosclerosis, as indicated by decreased FMD and increased CIMT in patients with CRS. Further studies are necessary to identify the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for our findings.
Use of Disubstituted Thiosemicarbazide in Synthesis of New Derivatives of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole, 1,2,4-Triazole and Pyrazole with Their Antimicrobial Evaluation
Authors: Hemdan Magdy M. , El-Mawgoude Heba K. Abd
Published: May 2016

New derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-triazole and pyrazole were obtained by cyclisation of the corresponding disubstituted thiosemicarbazide derivative. The newly synthesised derivatives were obtained in good yields and their structures were elucidated by spectral data and elemental analyses. The antimicrobial activity of some of the synthesised compounds is tested.
Effect of Different Broad Waveband Lights on Membrane Lipids of a Cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp., as Determined by UPLC-QToF-MS and Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Montero Olimpio , Velasco Marta , Sanz-Arranz Aurelio , Rull Fernando
Published: May 2016

Differential profile of membrane lipids and pigments of a Synechococcus sp. cyanobacterial strain cells exposed to blue, green, red and white light are determined by means of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry or diode array detection. Raman and ATR-IR spectra of intact cells under the diverse light wavebands are also reported. Blue light cells exhibited an increased content of photosynthetic pigments as well as specific species of membrane glycerolipids as compared to cells exposed to other wavebands. The A630/A680 ratio indicated an increased content of phycobilisomes (PBS) in the blue light-exposed cells. Some differences in the protein conformation between the four light waveband-exposed cells were deduced from the variable absorbance at specific wavenumbers in the FT-Raman and ATR-FTIR spectra, in particular bands assigned to amide I and amide II. Bands from 1180 to 950 cm−1 in the ATR-FTIR spectrum suggest degraded outer membrane polysaccharide in the blue light-exposed cells.
Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Strongly Anisotropic Light-Weight Metallic Fiber Structures under Static and Dynamic Compressive Loading
Authors: Andersen Olaf , Vesenjak Matej , Fiedler Thomas , Jehring Ulrike , Krstulović-Opara Lovre
Published: May 2016

Rigid metallic fiber structures made from a variety of different metals and alloys have been investigated mainly with regard to their functional properties such as heat transfer, pressure drop, or filtration characteristics. With the recent advent of aluminum and magnesium-based fiber structures, the application of such structures in light-weight crash absorbers has become conceivable. The present paper therefore elucidates the mechanical behavior of rigid sintered fiber structures under quasi-static and dynamic loading. Special attention is paid to the strongly anisotropic properties observed for different directions of loading in relation to the main fiber orientation. Basically, the structures show an orthotropic behavior; however, a finite thickness of the fiber slabs results in moderate deviations from a purely orthotropic behavior. The morphology of the tested specimens is examined by computed tomography, and experimental results for different directions of loading as well as different relative densities are presented. Numerical calculations were carried out using real structural data derived from the computed tomography data. Depending on the direction of loading, the fiber structures show a distinctively different deformation behavior both experimentally and numerically. Based on these results, the prevalent modes of deformation are discussed and a first comparison with an established polymer foam and an assessment of the applicability of aluminum fiber structures in crash protection devices is attempted.
Water Uptake Behavior and Young Modulus Prediction of Composites Based on Treated Sisal Fibers and Poly(Lactic Acid)
Authors: Orue Ander , Eceiza Arantxa , Peña-Rodriguez Cristina , Arbelaiz Aitor
Published: May 2016

The main aim of this work was to study the effect of sisal fiber surface treatments on water uptake behavior of composites based on untreated and treated fibers. For this purpose, sisal fibers were treated with different chemical treatments. All surface treatments delayed the water absorption of fibers only for a short time of period. No significant differences were observed in water uptake profiles of composites based on fibers with different surface treatments. After water uptake period, tensile strength and Young modulus values of sisal fiber/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were decreased. On the other hand, composites based on NaOH + silane treated fibers showed the lowest diffusion coefficient values, suggesting that this treatment seemed to be the most effective treatment to reduce water diffusion rate into the composites. Finally, Young modulus values of composites, before water uptake period, were predicted using different micromechanical models and were compared with experimental data.
Phase Changes of Monosulfoaluminate in NaCl Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yoon Seyoon , Ha Juyoung , Chae Sejung , Kilcoyne David , Jun Yubin , Oh Jae , Monteiro Paulo
Published: May 2016

Monosulfoaluminate (Ca4Al2(SO4)(OH)12∙6H2O) plays an important role in anion binding in Portland cement by exchanging its original interlayer ions (SO42− and OH−) with chloride ions. In this study, scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the phase change of monosulfoaluminate due to its interaction with chloride ions. Pure monosulfoaluminate was synthesized and its powder samples were suspended in 0, 0.1, 1, 3, and 5 M NaCl solutions for seven days. At low chloride concentrations, a partial dissolution of monosulfoaluminate formed ettringite, while, with increasing chloride content, the dissolution process was suppressed. As the NaCl concentration increased, the dominant mechanism of the phase change became ion exchange, resulting in direct phase transformation from monosulfoaluminate to Kuzel’s salt or Friedel’s salt. The phase assemblages of the NaCl-reacted samples were explored using thermodynamic calculations and least-square linear combination (LC) fitting of measured XANES spectra. A comprehensive description of the phase change and its dominant mechanism are discussed.
Marine Invertebrate Metabolites with Anticancer Activities: Solutions to the “Supply Problem”
Authors: Gomes Nelson , Dasari Ramesh , Chandra Sunena , Kiss Robert , Kornienko Alexander
Published: May 2016

Marine invertebrates provide a rich source of metabolites with anticancer activities and several marine-derived agents have been approved for the treatment of cancer. However, the limited supply of promising anticancer metabolites from their natural sources is a major hurdle to their preclinical and clinical development. Thus, the lack of a sustainable large-scale supply has been an important challenge facing chemists and biologists involved in marine-based drug discovery. In the current review we describe the main strategies aimed to overcome the supply problem. These include: marine invertebrate aquaculture, invertebrate and symbiont cell culture, culture-independent strategies, total chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis, and a number of hybrid strategies. We provide examples illustrating the application of these strategies for the supply of marine invertebrate-derived anticancer agents. Finally, we encourage the scientific community to develop scalable methods to obtain selected metabolites, which in the authors’ opinion should be pursued due to their most promising anticancer activities.
A Novel Transient Fault Current Sensor Based on the PCB Rogowski Coil for Overhead Transmission Lines
Authors: Liu Yadong , Xie Xiaolei , Hu Yue , Qian Yong , Sheng Gehao , Jiang Xiuchen
Published: May 2016

The accurate detection of high-frequency transient fault currents in overhead transmission lines is the basis of malfunction detection and diagnosis. This paper proposes a novel differential winding printed circuit board (PCB) Rogowski coil for the detection of transient fault currents in overhead transmission lines. The interference mechanism of the sensor surrounding the overhead transmission line is analyzed and the guideline for the interference elimination is obtained, and then a differential winding printed circuit board (PCB) Rogowski coil is proposed, where the branch and return line of the PCB coil were designed to be strictly symmetrical by using a joining structure of two semi-rings and collinear twisted pair differential windings in each semi-ring. A serial test is conducted, including the frequency response, linearity, and anti-interference performance as well as a comparison with commercial sensors. Results show that a PCB Rogowski coil has good linearity and resistance to various external magnetic field interferences, thus enabling it to be widely applied in fault-current-collecting devices.
Experimental Evaluation of Pulsed Thermography, Lock-in Thermography and Vibrothermography on Foreign Object Defect (FOD) in CFRP
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhang Hai , Fernandes Henrique , Maldague Xavier
Published: May 2016

In this article, optical excitation thermographic techniques, including pulsed thermography and lock-in thermography, were used to detect foreign object defect (FOD) and delamination in CFRP. Then, vibrothermography as an ultrasonic excitation technique was used to detect these defects for the comparative purposes. Different image processing methods, including cold image subtraction (CIS), principal component thermography (PCT), thermographic signal reconstruction (TSR) and Fourier transform (FT), were performed. Finally, a comparison of optical excitation thermography and vibrothermography was conducted, and a thermographic probability of detection was given.
Compact SPAD-Based Pixel Architectures for Time-Resolved Image Sensors
Authors: Perenzoni Matteo , Pancheri Lucio , Stoppa David
Published: May 2016

This paper reviews the state of the art of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) image sensors for time-resolved imaging. The focus of the paper is on pixel architectures featuring small pixel size (<25 μm) and high fill factor (>20%) as a key enabling technology for the successful implementation of high spatial resolution SPAD-based image sensors. A summary of the main CMOS SPAD implementations, their characteristics and integration challenges, is provided from the perspective of targeting large pixel arrays, where one of the key drivers is the spatial uniformity. The main analog techniques aimed at time-gated photon counting and photon timestamping suitable for compact and low-power pixels are critically discussed. The main features of these solutions are the adoption of analog counting techniques and time-to-analog conversion, in NMOS-only pixels. Reliable quantum-limited single-photon counting, self-referenced analog-to-digital conversion, time gating down to 0.75 ns and timestamping with 368 ps jitter are achieved.
Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices
Authors: Wiedwald Ulf , Gräfe Joachim , Lebecki Kristof M , Skripnik Maxim , Haering Felix , Schütz Gisela , Ziemann Paul , Goering Eberhard , Nowak Ulrich
Published: May 2016

We investigate the rich magnetic switching properties of nanoscale antidot lattices in the 200 nm regime. In-plane magnetized Fe, Co, and Permalloy (Py) as well as out-of-plane magnetized GdFe antidot films are prepared by a modified nanosphere lithography allowing for non-close packed voids in a magnetic film. We present a magnetometry protocol based on magneto-optical Kerr microscopy elucidating the switching modes using first-order reversal curves. The combination of various magnetometry and magnetic microscopy techniques as well as micromagnetic simulations delivers a thorough understanding of the switching modes. While part of the investigations has been published before, we summarize these results and add significant new insights in the magnetism of exchange-coupled antidot lattices.
RESONANT ABSORPTION OF AXISYMMETRIC MODES IN TWISTED MAGNETIC FLUX TUBES
Authors: Giagkiozis I. , Goossens M. , Verth G. , Fedun V. , Doorsselaere T. Van
Published: May 2016

It has been shown recently that magnetic twist and axisymmetric MHD modes are ubiquitous in the solar atmosphere, and therefore the study of resonant absorption for these modes has become a pressing issue because it can have important consequences for heating magnetic flux tubes in the solar atmosphere and the observed damping. In this investigation, for the first time, we calculate the damping rate for axisymmetric MHD waves in weakly twisted magnetic flux tubes. Our aim is to investigate the impact of resonant damping of these modes for solar atmospheric conditions. This analytical study is based on an idealized configuration of a straight magnetic flux tube with a weak magnetic twist inside as well as outside the tube. By implementing the conservation laws derived by Sakurai et al. and the analytic solutions for weakly twisted flux tubes obtained recently by Giagkiozis et al. we derive a dispersion relation for resonantly damped axisymmetric modes in the spectrum of the Alfvén continuum. We also obtain an insightful analytical expression for the damping rate in the long wavelength limit. Furthermore, it is shown that both the longitudinal magnetic field and the density, which are allowed to vary continuously in the inhomogeneous layer, have a significant impact on the damping time. Given the conditions in the solar atmosphere, resonantly damped axisymmetric modes are highly likely to be ubiquitous and play an important role in energy dissipation. We also suggest that, given the character of these waves, it is likely that they have already been observed in the guise of Alfvén waves.
INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD SECTOR FROM SOLAR WIND AROUND PLUTO (SWAP) MEASUREMENTS OF HEAVY ION PICKUP NEAR PLUTO
Authors: Zirnstein E. J. , McComas D. J. , Elliott H. A. , Weidner S. , Valek P. W. , Bagenal F. , Stern S. A. , Ennico K. , Olkin C. B. , Weaver H. A. , Young L. A.
Published: May 2016

On 2015 July 14, the New Horizons spacecraft flew by the Pluto system. The Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument on board New Horizons, which detects ions in the energy per charge range ∼0.035 to 7.5 keV/q, measured the unique interaction between the solar wind and Pluto's atmosphere. Immediately after the closest approach, SWAP detected a burst of heavy ion counts when the instrument's field of view (FOV) was aligned north and south of the Sun–Pluto line and approximately normal to the solar wind flow direction, suggesting their origin as heavy neutral atoms from Pluto that were ionized and being picked up by the solar wind. The trajectories of heavy pickup ions depend on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). New Horizons is not equipped with a magnetometer, and we cannot directly measure the IMF. However, we can utilize SWAP's measurements and instrument FOV during this brief period of time to determine the most likely sector of the IMF that could reproduce SWAP's observations of heavy ion pickup. We find that the IMF was most likely in an outward sector, or retrograde to the planets’ motion, during the Pluto encounter, and that the heavy ions detected by SWAP are more likely

CH

4

+

than

N

2

+

. This supports the existence of a methane exosphere at Pluto.
Sociogenèse de la révolution tunisienne : expansion scolaire, chômage et inégalités régionales
Authors: Blavier Pierre
Published: May 2016

Cet article vise à poursuivre empiriquement une piste d’analyse articulant expansion scolaire, chômage, et inégalités régionales pour comprendre ce qui s’est passé en Tunisie en décembre-janvier 2010-2011. Il montre que la figure du diplômé-chômeur, incarnée par le mythe Bouazizi, s’inscrit en fait dans un contexte de forte expansion scolaire et de chômage croissant des diplômés qui en sont issus, en particulier dans les régions de l’intérieur. L’article décrit cette situation à travers des séries statistiques de moyenne durée et des trajectoires de diplômés-chômeurs qui reviennent des villes côtières de leurs études au domicile parental de leur village d’origine. Il leur est alors pratiquement impossible de trouver un emploi stable, par exemple dans la fonction publique, et de s’émanciper. Il ne s’agit pas de soutenir que ces phénomènes seraient les causes ultimes de la révolution tunisienne, mais de bien voir qu’ils constituent une cause légitime de révolte largement répandue dans l’intérieur des terres et relativement récente.
L’écart difficile aux routines contestataires dans les mobilisations algériennes de 2011
Authors: Baamara Layla
Published: May 2016

Cet article propose d’analyser la dynamique des mobilisations algériennes de 2011 au regard des logiques et des structures ordinaires de la contestation à l’œuvre depuis le début des années 2000. Expliquer d’abord de quoi sont faites habituellement les pratiques contestataires, puis privilégier une approche par le bas, permet de saisir les singularités de la situation observée en 2011. En effet, les émeutes de janvier sont suivies d’une multiplication rapide des actions de protestation, particulièrement visibles à Alger, où les manifestations sur la voie publique sont pourtant interdites. L’occupation des rues et places de la capitale et le rapprochement de certains groupes contestataires réclamant la chute du régime contrastent notamment avec la routine des mobilisations. Cependant, soit qu’elles apparaissent fragilisées par des clivages politiques anciens, soit qu’elles se limitent à des revendications de type sectoriel, les mobilisations ne durent pas et ne convergent pas. L’article suggère alors quelques pistes de réflexion pour comprendre la persistance des structures qui caractérisent ordinairement l’activité contestataire en Algérie.