bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skills of future workforce: skills gap based on perspectives from academicians and industry players
Authors: Mohd Noor Noor Nazihah , Rodzalan Shazaitul Azreen , Abdullah Nor Hazana , Saat Maisarah Mohamed , Othman Aniza , Singh Harcharanjit
Published: January 2024

Apart from having specific knowledge, graduates are expected to possess a set of soft and hard skills to be employed. This study aims to identify soft and hard skills relevant to the future workforce in the electrical and electronic (E&E) industry based on two perspectives; academicians from public higher education institution (HEI) and E&E industry players. Further, the study aims to investigate skills gaps between two stakeholders. A total of 50 academicians and 31 industry players in Malaysia were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test. In terms of soft skills, analytical thinking skills, communication skills, and discipline were more perceived by academicians, whereas decision-making skills, teamwork skills, and discipline were more favored by industry players. For hard skills, both players favored technology use, except for organizational capabilities which were perceived more by academicians while troubleshooting was favored more by industry players. This study contributes to the collaboration between public HEI and the E&E industry to address the skills gaps, which will benefit all stakeholders. This study focuses on the skills that are perceived more by both stakeholders.
Mobile augmented reality in learning chemistry subject: an evaluation of science exploration
Authors: Lah Noor Hidayah Che , Senu Mohamad Syakir Zulpadhli Mat , Jumaat Nurul Farhana , Phon Danakorn Nincarean Eh , Hashim Suhaizal , Zulkifli Nurul Nadwa
Published: January 2024

Various technologies have been used in making teaching and learning sessions more effective, fun, and enjoyable. One of the ways to make teaching and learning interactive is by emphasizing the use of mobile augmented reality (MAR). Thus, this study has proposed using MAR for a chemistry subject, namely science exploration (SCIENEX). This study adopted design and development research (DDR) by employing the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model. The phases involved in DDR are ADDIE. SCIENEX was evaluated based on its validity, usability, and effectiveness. Five experts validated SCIENEX after it had been completely developed. The samples for usability testing and effectiveness of SCIENEX were 30 secondary school students who were studying chemistry. The results of the evaluation of the experts’ validation revealed that SCIENEX is a valid and appropriate MAR application for the learning of topics in chemistry. The result also revealed that the majority of students strongly agreed that SCIENEX is appropriate for the usage of MAR in learning chemistry, as it is fun, easy to use, and helps students to understand their learning. Interestingly, SCIENEX could increase students’ performance in their learning (t=21.754; p=0.000). Thus, it can be concluded that SCIENEX is valid, can be used for learning chemistry, and can help students in their learning. The limitations of this study and future suggestions for research are also discussed.
Technology-based learning effect on the learning outcomes of Indonesian students: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmad Iqbal Faza , Setiawati Farida Agus , Prihatin Rani Putri , Fitriyah Qonitah Faizatul , Thontowi Zulkifli Syauqi
Published: January 2024

The utilization of information technology in education offers learners access to a variety of learning resources that are not restricted. It is expected that this use will enhance the success of the learning process and the attainment of educational goals. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of information technology-based learning on the academic performance of students in Indonesia. This research adopts a meta-analysis design and utilizes a selection process based on established criteria to gather studies from the Google Scholar and Scopus databases. The study adheres to the PRISMA protocol. There were 51 studies included, comprising 44 academic journals and seven proceedings. The analysis technique applied is a meta-analysis using the random effect size model. The results of this study indicate that the utilization of information technology in education has a significant impact on the learning achievement of Indonesian students. The analysis of 51 studies, including 44 scientific journals and seven proceedings, showed that the effect sizes of the studies varied from -0.80 to 5.85, indicating heterogeneity in the studies analyzed. The effect size model used in this meta-analysis was a random effect size model, with the summary effect value showing a large effect size with a value of 1.285, a p-value<0.001, and a confidence interval ranging from 1.012 to 1.559. Subgroup analysis also revealed a significant difference in the average effect size across different levels of education, including elementary, secondary, and tertiary education. The results of the study showed no evidence of publication bias.
Exploratory factor analysis-instrument for self-assessment of computation thinking skills and collaboration skills
Authors: Sawiji Hery , Murtini Wiedy , Akbarini Nur Rahmi , Permansah Sigit , Rusmana Dede
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on developing and validating instruments to assess the computational thinking skills (CTS) and collaboration skills (CS) of undergraduate students in Indonesia. Employing a quantitative research approach with the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) technique, the research process unfolded in three validation steps. First, face validity was established through expert judgment. Second, discriminant validity was examined using product-moment correlations and Cronbach’s alpha. Finally, EFA were employed to assess the factorial structure. The instrument development process followed five phases: drafting the instrument, face validity assessment by experts, data collection involving 242 undergraduate students as samples, discriminant validity analysis (product moment and Cronbach’s alpha), and EFA analysis to group items and construct dimensions. This study identified six dimensions for CTS (algorithmic thinking, cooperative thinking, problem reformulation, creativity, critical thinking, and systematic testing) and three dimensions for CS (knowledge sharing, planning, and responsibility). These findings support validating the CTS and CS self-assessment scale, making it a valuable tool for evaluating undergraduate student learning and researching computational thinking and CS in Indonesia. Researchers and educators are encouraged to utilize the CTS and CS instrument for self-assessment purposes and further exploration of these competencies among undergraduate students.
Graduate competencies based on the aspect of organizational activity in industry 4.0
Authors: Sahara Siti , Oktaviani Vina , Sandi Efri , Zulfa Vania , Yasinta Rezi Berliana , Sa'diyah Rika , Shofiyah Siti , Ichsan Ilmi Zajuli
Published: January 2024

Industrial revolution 4.0 has an impact, namely the demand for the labor market has changed, where the automation revolution replaces work that is usually capable of being done by humans and poses the risk of termination of employment. The purpose of this study is to identify the competencies that must be possessed by graduates based on aspects of organizational activity according to the needs of the industry. The data in this study are in the form of literacy studies, data from direct interviews with the industry and questionnaires to a number of respondents. Testing the validity of the questionnaire using the product moment correlation formula, followed by reliability testing using the Cronbach alpha. Meanwhile, to determine the sample size in this study using the purposive sampling technique with a total of 75 respondents consisting of practitioners and graduates of the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta (FT-UNJ), Indonesia. The research method is carried out with a qualitative descriptive method which is intended to obtain results that describe in detail the competencies that must be possessed by graduates based on aspects of organizational activity according to the needs of the industry. The results of the research related to the competence of graduates needed by industry 4.0 based on aspects of organizational activity, namely open minded, decision making abilities, emotional intelligence, cognitive flexibility, service orientation, coordinating with others, leadership skills, critical thinking and creativity skills, skills in technology, and complex problem solving.
Fear of failure among perfectionist students
Authors: Lee Alethea Rachel Xi Ern , Ishak Zahari , Talib Mansor Abu , Ho Yi Ming , Prihadi Kususanto Ditto , Aziz Abdul
Published: January 2024

Fear of failure (FOF) has been reported as a construct that hinders individuals from achieving higher, working harder, and even moving from one stage of development to another. Studies indicated that university students with traits perfectionism tend to develop FOF, which prevented them for achieving better accomplishment in their academic life. In order to obtain further knowledge to curb FOF among this population, this study investigates which one of the three dimensions of perfectionism (self-oriented, other-oriented, socially prescribed) is the main predictor of FOF. 351 participants from the target population of 4,000 undergraduate students from UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia were recruited via convenience sampling to provide us with their data through a Google Form. Perfectionism dimensions were measured by the multidimensional perfectionism scale and fear of failure by the performance failure appraisal inventory. The collected data was analyzed via simple and multiple regression by multiple regression technique, and the findings showed that self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionism did not significantly predict the fear of failure. However, socially prescribed perfectionism was the only significant predictor of the fear of failure among the perfectionism model, therefore indicating that it was the most significantly predictor as well. In conclusion, students are more likely to be afraid to fail when they believe that there is a social standard of perfection that they have to follow.
Elementary teachers’ pedagogical competencies in supporting students with learning difficulties
Authors: Azizah Nur , Mumpuniarti Mumpuniarti , Rudiyati Sari , Evans David
Published: January 2024

Pedagogical competency is one of four competencies that all teachers need to be proficient within the Indonesian National Teaching Standards. Yet, there is limited understanding of how these competencies relate to inclusive education practice. This study used a combination of survey and interview data to explore the pedagogical skills of elementary teachers working in inclusive schools. Survey data showed that teachers utilized a range of accommodations and modifications within their classrooms to assist them to be inclusive of all students. These accommodations and modifications were often associated with support from other persons (e.g., shadow teacher, parents, peers). While teachers expressed frustration with the learning of students, interview data found that teacher frustration was more about their perceived inability to meet the needs of students. Directions for on-going work to investigate and enhance teacher pedagogical competence within the context of inclusive education Indonesia are discussed.
Mapping literature of multicultural education: a bibliometric review
Authors: Rodiyana Roni , Maftuh Bunyamin , Sapriya Sapriya , Syaodih Ernawulan , Sofyan Davi , Abdullah Khairul Hafezad
Published: January 2024

The value of multicultural education is acknowledged on a global scale, despite the fact that various barriers prevent its complete implementation. These include cultural, linguistic, religious, economic, difference in physical condition, and ethnic backgrounds. By assessing publishing trends, extracting data on author keyword trends, examining conceptual evolution, and establishing possible future research on this topic using the Scopus database. This study found that publications grew in quantity from 2013 to 2022, decreased in 2015 and 2018 but were not significant, and 2021 was the highest peak with 221 documents. With 111 publications, the United States is the most prolific and co-authored with authors from Canada, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia and South Korea. Based on thematic evolution, ‘subspace-clustering’, ‘conversational-system’, ‘aortic-aneurysm’, ‘Bayesian-network-classifier’, are themes or topics that have recently developed. By utilizing these important terms, the study of multicultural education can be examined more thoroughly and more extensive in the future in order to learn new knowledge. In conclusion, this research has the potential to contextualize previous research on the topic and create an evidence-based practice paradigm for future studies grounded in science.
Student’s acceptance of the Nearpod application: an investigation in elementary school
Authors: Amelia Rizky , Zamzani Zamzani , Mustadi Ali , Suriansyah Ahmad , Aslamiah Aslamiah
Published: January 2024

The use of technology can increase teacher innovation in carrying out mass learning. Innovations that can standardize in terms of media use or digital supporting devices that reduce the learning barrier and help students succeed. One of the components of multimedia-based learning media is the Nearpod application. This research aims to ascertain the purpose and behavior of primary school pupils utilizing the Nearpod application via an extension of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT 2) model. The researchers employed a quantitative research method by distributing questionnaires to 217 students at Public Elementary School (SDN) 004 Tanjung Redeb, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data from this study were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that behavioral intention (BI) is significantly positively influenced by hedonic motivation (HM), habit (H), and habitual behavior (HB). In addition, habit (H) also has a significant positive effect on use behavior (UB). It can conclude this study can explain that the adoption of technology in the elementary school environment has different causal factors.
The role of technology in language immersion: a systematic literature review
Authors: Robbani Abdullah Syahid , Baroroh Umi , Musthofa Tulus , Purnama Sigit , Sugiyono Sugeng , Annafiri Ahmad Zaki
Published: January 2024

Challenges and oppositions related to language immersion implementation are still ongoing, although numerous types of research have shown the positive impact provided by this program in a wide range of aspects. One of the most bulging challenges is that language learners are restrained from conducting language immersion directly in the country where the target language is spoken. To responding such challenges, the researchers, through this systematic literature review, reveal many important aspects that one should consider in achieving successful language immersion and probe the right technology that could provide an immersive language-learning environment. The researchers explored 56 articles covered in this research scope based on the inclusion criteria to answer the existing formulation of problems. The result identified the importance of the environment, the leader and teacher’s vital role in establishing the immersion program’s objective, and translating parents’ expectations when registering their children for the program. Utilizing technology such as virtual reality and games in language learning can imitate an immersive language experience. Developing other kinds of technology is required to bring a vaster preference for the parents who want to apply language immersion through technology in their children’s language learning.
Analyzing textbook requirements to create physics learning resources
Authors: Marisda Dewi Hikmah , Handayani Yusri , Aprilia Mutiara Siska , Basri Syamsuriana , Suhardiman Suhardiman
Published: January 2024

There are no textbooks for developing physics learning tools, the learning materials are not structured, and students independently collect lecture materials. This research aims to explore the need for teaching materials, especially physics learning device development textbooks. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. This study used an incidental sample of physics education students from four university representatives who had completed an online questionnaire. The respondents were 166 people, consisting of 30 students from University A, 27 from University B, 29 from University C, and 80 from University D. The results showed that the research sample required physics learning device development textbooks. The yearly need for physics learning device development textbooks was 57.07% in 2018, 59.78% in 2019, and 60.88% in 2020. The percentage of the indicator of the need for textbooks: 47.20% for learning resources, 37.98% for textbook availability, 84.64% for teaching material students need, and 67.16% for students interest in physics learning device development. Therefore, lecturers need to develop practice-based textbooks in the physics learning device development course.
Factors propelling mathematics learning: insights from a quantitative empirical study
Authors: Popova Yuliya , Abdualiyeva Marzhan , Torebek Yerlan , Saidakhmetov Pulat
Published: January 2024

Mathematics learning (ML) is a fundamental aspect of education that lays the groundwork for various academic disciplines and practical applications. Understanding the factors that propel ML is crucial for optimizing educational outcomes. This quantitative empirical study investigates the impact of logical reasoning (LR), critical thinking (CT), information technology (IT), and distance learning (DL) on ML. The study employs structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 4 for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The findings reveal that LR, CT, IT, and DL positively influence ML. The results highlight the importance of fostering LR, CT, and the integration of IT in mathematics education. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing insights into the factors that promote effective ML. These findings have implications for educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers, aiding in the design of instructional strategies and the integration of technology to enhance ML outcomes.
Exploring science identity among Jordanian high school students: a case study
Authors: Mahasneh Ahmad M. , Gazo Ahmad M. , Abood Mohammad H. , Aldamat Omar A.
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the science identity scale (SIS) and to explore any differences in levels of science identity due to gender. The study sample comprised 304 male and female high school students who had completed the SIS. To achieve study objectives, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that four factors explained (40.542%) of total variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit, and the Cronbach alpha was calculated to be 0.85 for the SIS. Finally, the results revealed statistically significant differences in the level of science identity and its subscales (science performance, science competence, science recognition, and science interest) based on the gender variable, with females scoring higher. The study recommends that teachers utilize the SIS to assess the level of science identity among students and implement teaching practices aimed at enhancing the science identity of secondary school students.
Teachers’ attitudes towards student-centered pedagogy and assessment practices: instruction efficacy in perspective
Authors: Nazim Mohd , Alzubi Ali Abbas Falah , Fakih Abdul-Hafeed
Published: January 2024

The advancement of students’ knowledge, skills, and other learning experiences is the goal of student-centered pedagogy and assessment practices, and teachers’ attitudes toward implementing these principles are vital to ensure classroom instruction efficacy. From this standpoint, this study aimed to examine English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers’ attitude toward student-centered pedagogy and assessment practices in the Saudi EFL context concerning classroom instruction efficacy. Also, it correlated the participants’ responses with their gender, experience, degree, and specialization. The descriptive survey design was used to achieve the study objectives. The study tools, a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were applied to a convenient sample of 73 faculty members. The results showed that the study sample (EFL teachers) had very positive attitudes towards pedagogy and assessment practices focused on students. In addition, the demographic variables of gender, experience, degree, and specialization had no significant role in affecting their responses to pedagogy and assessment practices. Finally, the interviewees expressed that the EFL classroom instruction efficacy can improve the situation in which students are more active, cooperative, responsible, engaged, communicative, and free. In light of the current results, the researchers proposed recommendations and implications.
Abstract 14555: Early Predictors That Identify Patients With Significant Left Main and Three-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease in Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: Validating the MADISON Score
Authors: Rachwan Rayan Jo , Chehab Omar , Bou Chaaya Rody , Rajput Furqan , Waqar Aneeq , Osman Fauzia , De Biasi Andreas , Osaki Satoru , Alexanian Ruben A , Tester Gregory , Lewis David , Gimelli Giorgio , Jacobson Kurt , Kleiman Neal S , Raval Amish N
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
In patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), identifying those with a high probability of having high-risk disease such as left main (LM) or three-vessel disease (3VD) could influence decisions to preload with P2Y12 inhibitors and timing of coronary angiography. The MADISON score was developed to predict LM/3VD on coronary angiography in patients with NSTE-ACS. In this study, we validated the MADISON score using data from an external cohort.

Methods:
The MADISON score was first developed using a retrospective cohort of 1700 patients presenting with NSTE-ACS at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) (2011-2018). Those with prior CABG, cardiac arrest/shock, and bleeding on initial presentation were excluded from the analysis. Multivariable estimates were employed and model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The score was then validated using a retrospective Houston Methodist Hospital (HMH) cohort of 622 patients (2019-2022).

Results:
The MADISON score variables and their adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) are presented in Figure 1A. Risk categories and corresponding LM/3VD probabilities are presented in Figure 1B. In the UW cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.68 (0.65-0.71) (Figure 2A). Interestingly, the AUC was also 0.68 (0.64-0.72) in the HMH validation cohort (Figure 2B).

Conclusions:
The MADISON score performed well and similarly between 2 large, independent cohorts in predicting patients most likely to have LM/3VD. The MADISON score is a simple and practical tool to guide decisions. Prospective validation of the score is planned to evaluate its impact on clinical outcomes.
Apolipoprotein E-ε2 and Resistance to Atherosclerosis in Midlife: The PESA Observational Study
Authors: Toribio-Fernández Raquel , Tristão-Pereira Catarina , Carlos Silla-Castro Juan , Callejas Sergio , Oliva Belen , Fernandez-Nueda Irene , Garcia-Lunar Ines , Perez-Herreras Cristina , María Ordovás José , Martin Pilar , Blanco-Kelly Fiona , Ayuso Carmen , Lara-Pezzi Enrique , Fernandez-Ortiz Antonio , Garcia-Alvarez Ana , Dopazo Ana , Sanchez-Cabo Fatima , Ibanez Borja , Cortes-Canteli Marta , Fuster Valentin
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

APOE is a known genetic contributor to cardiovascular disease, but the differential role
APOE
alleles play in subclinical atherosclerosis remains unclear.

METHODS:

The PESA (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) is an observational cohort study that recruited 4184 middle-aged asymptomatic individuals to be screened for cardiovascular risk and multiterritorial subclinical atherosclerosis. Participants were
APOE
-genotyped, and omics data were additionally evaluated.

RESULTS:

In the PESA study, the frequencies for
APOE
-ε2, -ε3, and -ε4 alleles were 0.060, 0.844, and 0.096, respectively. This study included a subcohort of 3887 participants (45.8±4.3 years of age; 62% males). As expected,
APOE
-ε4 carriers were at the highest risk for cardiovascular disease and had significantly greater odds of having subclinical atherosclerosis compared with ε3/ε3 carriers, which was mainly explained by their higher levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. In turn,
APOE
-ε2 carriers were at the lowest risk for cardiovascular disease and had significantly lower odds of having subclinical atherosclerosis in several vascular territories (carotids: 0.62 [95% CI, 0.47–0.81];
P
=0.00043; femorals: 0.60 [0.47–0.78];
P
=9.96×10
−5
; coronaries: 0.53 [0.39–0.74];
P
=0.00013; and increased PESA score: 0.58 [0.48–0.71];
P
=3.16×10
−8
). This
APOE
-ε2 atheroprotective effect was mostly independent of the associated lower LDL-cholesterol levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. The protection conferred by the ε2 allele was greater with age (50–54 years: 0.49 [95% CI, 0.32–0.73];
P
=0.00045), and normal (<150 mg/dL) levels of triglycerides (0.54 [0.44–0.66];
P
=4.70×10
−9
versus 0.90 [0.57–1.43];
P
=0.67 if ≥150 mg/dL). Omics analysis revealed an enrichment of several canonical pathways associated with anti-inflammatory mechanisms together with the modulation of erythrocyte homeostasis, coagulation, and complement activation in ε2 carriers that might play a relevant role in the ε2’s atheroprotective effect.

CONCLUSIONS:

This work sheds light on the role of APOE in cardiovascular disease development with important therapeutic and prevention implications on cardiovascular health, especially in early midlife.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
: NCT01410318.
Differing Efficacy of Dapagliflozin Versus Empagliflozin on the Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Real‐World Observation Using a Nationwide, Population‐Based Cohort
Authors: Lim Jaehyun , Kwak Soongu , Choi You‐Jung , Rhee Tae‐Min , Park Chan Soon , Kim Bongseong , Han Kyung‐Do , Lee Heesun , Park Jun‐Bean , Kim Yong‐Jin , Lee Hyun‐Jung , Kim Hyung‐Kwan
Published: January 2024

Background

Meta‐analyses of large clinical trials investigating SGLT2 (sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2) inhibitors have suggested their protective effects against atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the results were predominantly driven from trials involving dapagliflozin.

Methods and Results

We used a nationwide, population‐based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated either dapagliflozin or empagliflozin between May 2016 and December 2018. An active‐comparator, new‐user design was used, and the 2 groups of patients were matched using propensity scores. The primary outcome was incident nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, which was analyzed using both the main intention‐to‐treat and sensitivity analysis that censored patients who skipped their medications for ≥30 days. Men ≥55 years of age and women ≥60 years of age with ≥1 traditional risk factor or those with established cardiovascular disease were categorized as high cardiovascular risk group. Patients not included in the high‐risk group were categorized as low risk. After 1:1 propensity‐score matching, a total of 137 928 patients (mean age, 55 years; 58% men) were included and followed up for 2.2±0.6 years. The risk of incident atrial fibrillation was significantly lower in the dapagliflozin group in both the main (hazard ratio [HR], 0.885 [95% CI, 0.789–0.992]) and sensitivity analyses (HR, 0.835 [95% CI, 0.719–0.970]). Notably, this was consistent in both the low and high cardiovascular risk groups. There was no effect modification by age, sex, body mass index, duration of diabetes, or renal function.

Conclusions

This real‐world, population‐based study demonstrates that patients with type 2 diabetes using dapagliflozin may have a lower risk of developing nonvalvular atrial fibrillation than those using empagliflozin.
Current Mouse Models of Intracranial Aneurysms: Analysis of Pharmacological Agents Used to Induce Aneurysms and Their Impact on Translational Research
Authors: Khan Dilaware , Li Xuanchen , Hashimoto Tomoki , Tanikawa Rokuya , Niemela Mika , Lawton Michael , Muhammad Sajjad
Published: January 2024

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are rare vascular lesions that are more frequently found in women. The pathophysiology behind the formation and growth of IAs is complex. Hence, to date, no single pharmacological option exists to treat them. Animal models, especially mouse models, represent a valuable tool to explore such complex scientific questions. Genetic modification in a mouse model of IAs, including deletion or overexpression of a particular gene, provides an excellent means for examining basic mechanisms behind disease pathophysiology and developing novel pharmacological approaches. All existing animal models need some pharmacological treatments, surgical interventions, or both to develop IAs, which is different from the spontaneous and natural development of aneurysms under the influence of the classical risk factors. The benefit of such animal models is the development of IAs in a limited time. However, clinical translation of the results is often challenging because of the artificial course of IA development and growth. Here, we summarize the continuous improvement in mouse models of IAs. Moreover, we discuss the pros and cons of existing mouse models of IAs and highlight the main translational roadblocks and how to improve them to increase the success of translational IA research.
Robust Artificial Intelligence Tool for Atrial Fibrillation Diagnosis: Novel Development Approach Incorporating Both Atrial Electrograms and Surface ECG and Evaluation by Head‐to‐Head Comparison With Hospital‐Based Physician ECG Readers
Authors: Zhang Yuji , Xu Shusheng , Xing Wenhui , Chen Qiong , Liu Xu , Pu Yachuan , Xin Fangran , Jiang Hui , Yin Zongtao , Tao Dengshun , Zhou Dong , Zhu Yan , Yuan Binhang , Jin Yan , He Yuanchen , Wu Yi , Po Sunny S. , Wang Huishan , Benditt David G.
Published: January 2024

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases risk of embolic stroke, and in postoperative patients, increases cost of care. Consequently, ECG screening for AF in high‐risk patients is important but labor‐intensive. Artificial intelligence (AI) may reduce AF detection workload, but AI development presents challenges.

Methods and Results

We used a novel approach to AI development for AF detection using both surface ECG recordings and atrial epicardial electrograms obtained in postoperative cardiac patients. Atrial electrograms were used only to facilitate establishing true AF for AI development; this permitted the establishment of an AI‐based tool for subsequent AF detection using ECG records alone. A total of 5 million 30‐second epochs from 329 patients were annotated as AF or non‐AF by expert ECG readers for AI training and validation, while 5 million 30‐second epochs from 330 different patients were used for AI testing. AI performance was assessed at the epoch level as well as AF burden at the patient level. AI achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.932 on validation and 0.953 on testing. At the epoch level, testing results showed means of AF detection sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and F1 (harmonic mean of positive predictive value and sensitivity) as 0.970, 0.814, 0.976, 0.776, and 0.862, respectively, while the intraclass correlation coefficient for AF burden detection was 0.952. At the patient level, AF burden sensitivity and positive predictivity were 96.2% and 94.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

Use of both atrial electrograms and surface ECG permitted development of a robust AI‐based approach to postoperative AF recognition and AF burden assessment. This novel tool may enhance detection and management of AF, particularly in patients following operative cardiac surgery.
Streamlining Randomized Clinical Trials for Device Therapies in Heart Failure: Bayesian Borrowing of External Data
Authors: Saville Benjamin R. , Burkhoff Daniel , Abraham William T.
Published: January 2024

Background

The Breakthrough Devices Program of the US Food and Drug Administration has accelerated the development and evaluation of medical devices for patients with heart failure. One such device is the Optimizer Smart System, which the US Food and Drug Administration approved in 2019.

Methods and Results

The Optimizer device was evaluated in a pivotal randomized clinical trial (FIX‐HF‐5C [Confirmatory Randomized Trial Evaluating the Optimizer System]) that leveraged Bayesian borrowing of external data to reduce the sample size and determine therapeutic device benefit versus continued medical therapy. Bayesian borrowing is explained in the context of the FIX‐HF‐5C trial, including an overview of the statistical methodologies, regulatory considerations, and interpretations of trial results.

Conclusions

The US Food and Drug Administration Breakthrough Devices Program and novel Bayesian statistical methodology accelerated the path to regulatory approval and patient access to a potentially lifesaving device and may serve as a model for future clinical trials.
Engaging in a Secularized Public Sphere – a Possible Qur’anic Perspective?
Authors: Rahman Sara
Published: January 2024

For Habermas, social cohesion in liberal democratic societies is created and ensured by public discourse, which creates and regulates democratic virtues through non-hierarchical communication in which all citizens participate equally. According to the understanding of post-secularism, this public discourse must be secular. This requires religious citizens to translate religious arguments into secular ones in public discourse.

However, it remains an open question to what extent religious citizens in plural societies can or want to participate in such a communication process based on their religious self-understanding. In this article, an attempt will be made to investigate this question, at least within the Islamic faith tradition. A Qur’anic narrative will be examined for possible indications of how the Qur’an conceives communication with those of different worldviews. The analyzed narrative reveals perspectives of understanding from which remarkable contributions to social cohesion can be derived.
A bionomic overview of spider parasitoids and pseudo-parasitoids of the ichneumonid wasp subfamily Pimplinae
Authors: Takasuka Keizo , Broad Gavin R.
Published: January 2024

The parasitoid way of life (parasitizing and finally killing a single arthropod host) is one of the most successful lifeways in the animal kingdom, sparking an explosive diversification and accompanying numerous parasitoid strategies in insects, especially in the order Hymenoptera. Amongst parasitoid wasps, the Polysphincta group of genera has evolved a highly distinctive parasitoid mode of life, as solitary koinobiont ectoparasitoids of spiders (Chelicerata: Araneae). Some species of polysphinctine wasps have a remarkable ability to control spiders’ web-building behaviour (host web manipulation) to protect the vulnerable wasp cocoons. The group currently consists of 25 genera and 294 extant species worldwide, with 14 genera known to manipulate their host spiders. This study reviews the current species composition, distribution, host utilization and biology of all genera belonging to the Polysphincta group and their ancestral genera of spider egg mass pseudo-parasitoids, highlighting specific offensive approaches for subjugating spider hosts for oviposition and web manipulation against specific spider hosts. There must still be many more unique behaviours to be discovered, given that the life histories of several polysphinctine genera are poorly known or unknown. A tidy correspondence between lineages of polysphinctines and host spiders was recognized, implying the evolutionary history of polysphinctines. Based on the integrated information on behavioural data and host utilization, we suggest some hypotheses determining triggers for host shifts and discuss the possibility of adaptive radiation driven by divergent natural selection on host differentiation. One new taxonomic change is proposed: Zaglyptus idukkiensis (Manjusha, Sudheer & Ghosh, 2019), comb. nov., is transferred from Polysphincta.
A New Key Port in America: The Fortification of Buenos Aires in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: González Delgado Juan A.
Published: January 2024

The outcome of the 1640 Portuguese rebellion against Spanish rule instantly turned Buenos Aires into a new key port in Spanish America, given its location on the frontier with now-Portuguese Brazil. Consequently, the Spanish imperial bureaucracy focused on its fortification in the second half of the century. That case was part of a larger process during that century of fortifying Spanish American cities with walls and more complex elements. The present article will focus on the role of the local authorities and their response to the crown’s plan, illuminating the difficulties and mistakes in that ultimately unsuccessful effort, such as hiring a lack of skilled workers, especially engineers, and the misconceiving of the territory and its resources. For that purpose, the research will be based on unpublished documents from the Archivo Histórico Nacional and Archivo General de Indias, as well as various plans for the projects.
Clematis brevipes (Ranunculaceae), an interesting and yet imperfectly known species from southern Gansu and northern Sichuan, China
Authors: HUANG QIAO-LAN , ZENG YOU-PAI , YUAN QIONG , YANG QIN-ER
Published: January 2024

Clematis brevipes (Ranunculaceae), described from southern Gansu province, China, is an interesting and yet imperfectly understood species, with some of its important morphological characters, detailed geographical distribution and habitat information unknown or inconsistently recorded. Based on careful observations of both herbarium specimens (including type material) and living plants in the wild, here we determine the number of leaflets and color of flowers of this species and its geographical distribution. The habitat information is also given for this species for the first time. Furthermore, we discuss aspects of typification of C. brevipes and the affinity of the species with its close allies.
Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of Asterostroma from Guizhou Province, China
Authors: ZHOU HONG-MIN , GU ZI-RUI , ZHAO CHANG-LIN
Published: January 2024

A new corticioid fungus from Guizhou Province in southwest China, Asterostroma rhizomorpharum, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular evidence. It is characterized by producing annual, resupinate basidiomata with long rhizomorphs, a dimitic hyphal structure with simple septa on generative hyphae, asterosetae frequently present in subiculum, asterohyphidia present in hymenium, ellipsoid to subglobose, and echinulate and amyloid basidiospores (5.5–6.8 × 4.6–5.9 μm). The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS+nLSU rDNA sequences shows that the new species belongs to the section Asterostroma.
New additions to the crabronid fauna of the Arabian Peninsula and Saudi Arabia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea (Spheciformes): Crabronidae), new distribution records and new species
Authors: GADALLAH NEVEEN S. , EDMARDASH YUSUF A. , EL-GHIET USAMA M. ABU , AL-FIFI ZARRAG I. A.
Published: January 2024

The present study is based on specimens collected in coffee orchards on the mountains in the Jazan Province (southwestern Saudi Arabia) using Malaise traps. The genera Carinostigmus Tsuneki, 1954, and Polemistus de Saussure, 1892 are first recorded for the Arabian Peninsula, each with a single species. Three new species: Bembecinus similis Gadallah & Edmardash, Crossocerus arabicus Gadallah & Edmardash, and Oxybelus coffeae Edmardash & Gadallah are described and illustrated. The previously unknown female of Nysson ohli (Schmid-Egger 2011) (UAE) is discovered, described and illustrated.
Our Eyes are Watching God: Bearing Witness to Black Life and the Complexities of Black Joy on Death Row
Authors: McMillian Rachel
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to paint a narrative in exploration of the following research question: What can we learn about Black life and Black Joy from the voices of those who are incarcerated? Utilizing the historical tradition of Black testimony, this article will explore this research question within the context of an urban high school book club co-led by Keith LaMar—a wrongfully convicted Black man currently on death row in Ohio. That said, this article aims to document the complexities of Black life and Black Joy in the midst of anti-Blackness by prompting readers to bear witness to the fullness and richness of Keith's life; a life that is irreducible to anti-Blackness or the tortures of prison.
The Colonial City: Empire, Authenticity, and Urban Imagination at the 1906 Marseille Colonial Exposition
Authors: Taylor Smith Katherine
Published: January 2024

This article examines the significance of the 1906 French Colonial Exposition in Marseille by situating it in its local, urban context. Rather than promoting solely national or imperial interests, local Marseille elites such as Jules Charles-Roux and Edouard Heckel sought to use the Colonial Exposition to demonstrate the central role played by their city in French trade and industry. To assert Marseille’s unique value, they emphasized the “authenticity” of the exposition, particularly by making reference to Marseille’s identification as “the colonial city” in France. By accentuating Marseille’s coloniality and its pivotal position in colonial networks, the organizers of the Exposition hoped to demonstrate the city’s national and imperial relevance to Paris and the rest of the nation. These conclusions reveal the important insights to be gained by relocating exhibitions in urban history.
Test Format, Learning Confidence, and Perceptions of Teaching Effectiveness
Authors: Boysen Guy A. , Osgood Peyton N.
Published: January 2024

Background

Both multiple-choice and short-answer tests can be beneficial to learning in the classroom. However, fact-based multiple-choice questions, because they include the correct answer as a response option, could lead to inflated estimates of learning and higher evaluations of teaching effectiveness.

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of test format on perceptions of learning and teaching.

Method

Undergraduate students ( N = 123) completed either a multiple-choice or short-answer test based on a brief psychology lesson. Then, they predicted their performance on later tests of knowledge and evaluated the quality of the lesson.

Results

Taking a multiple-choice test led to predictions about future performance that were 10% higher than those taking a short-answer test. No consistent differences emerged in participants’ evaluations of teaching effectiveness between the two test formats.

Conclusion

These results suggest that test format may significantly influence students’ confidence in their ability to produce answers on future tests.

Teaching Implications

Teachers who want to take advantage of testing as a metacognitive learning tool should adopt question formats that utilize recall of information from memory without retrieval cues.
Age differences and profiles in pro-environmental behavior and eco-emotions
Authors: Ágoston Csilla , Balázs Bernadett , Mónus Ferenc , Varga Attila
Published: January 2024

Previous research suggests that age-related differences in pro-environmental behavior (PEB) and the emotional reactions to climate change could originate from generational as well as aging effects and can be influenced by the opportunities and constraints of life circumstances and resources. The current research aimed to better understand age differences through examining the eco-emotions and PEBs of different age groups, and identifying latent groups differing on these variables. In Sample 1, adults from the general population ( n = 4,685) filled out questionnaires assessing eco-anxiety, eco-guilt, and ecological grief and answered 12 questions about their PEBs. In Sample 2 (A), the same PEB questions were answered by high school students ( n = 112) and in Sample 2 (P) by one of their parents ( n = 112). There were no age differences in the overall PEB score, but we found significant, nonlinear differences between age groups in almost all individual PEBs. Eco-friendly clothing and using greener transport were more common in the younger age groups, while older age groups had higher scores in conservation, recycling, reduced meat consumption, and boycotting. Students were less likely to recycle, use reusable bags, eat less meat and save water than their parents, but more likely to use greener transportation. Five latent groups emerged on the eco-emotions and PEB measures. Young adults had a higher probability of belonging to the medium/higher anxiety groups than the older generations, except for those in their 70s. Groups with higher emotional concern showed higher behavioral involvement. Since most participants showed a moderate level of worry, this emotional reaction appears a normative response to the climate crisis and also a possible starting point for promoting PEBs. The findings also suggest that each generation has its preferences in terms of PEBs, and it is worthwhile to address each of the different PEBs separately.
Clinical outcomes and predictors of bleomycin polidocanol foam sclerotherapy treatment response in venous malformations
Authors: Ni Bin , Liu Jing-wen , Fan Xue-qiang , He Bin , Nie Qiang-qiang , Ye Zhi-dong , Liu Peng , Wen Jian-yan
Published: January 2024

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bleomycin polidocanol foam (BPF) sclerotherapy for venous malformations (VMs) and analyze the associated clinical outcomes and predictors.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed BPF sclerotherapy outcomes in 138 patients with VMs. We analyzed pain levels, lesion volume reduction, and subjective perception of response. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of treatment outcome. Additionally, we carefully monitored and recorded complications.

Results

There was a notable average reduction in lesion volume by 78.50% ± 15.71%. The pain numerical rating scale (NRS) score decreased from 4.17 ± 2.63 prior to treatment to 1.05 ± 1.54 afterward, and 70.3% of the patients experienced effective relief after a single BPF treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that a high baseline NRS (odds ratio [OR]:  4.026) and elevated activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT, OR: 1.200) were positive predictors of pain reduction. Additionally, a high baseline NRS score (OR: 1.992) and elevated thrombocytocrit (PCT, OR: 2.543) were positive predictors of incomplete postoperative pain relief. Minor complications occurred in 31 (22.46%) patients.

Conclusion

BPF sclerotherapy is safe and effective for VMs, resulting in significant reduction in lesion volume, improved symptoms, and minimal complications. APTT and PCT levels are important predictors of pain outcomes following BPF treatment.