bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Humanized Collective Awareness in Islamic Education for Public Prosperity: A Cross-Cultural and Religious Psychological Study
Authors: Rouzi Kana Safrina , Suud Fitriah M. , Chaer Moh. Toriqul
Published: September 2021

Islamic education is essential even as the spearhead for the development of religion, culture, and humanity because the aim of Islamic education, in general, is to be rahmatan lil alamin, which means non-discrimination through understanding the meaning of Al-Hujurât: 13. This meaning exists in the offer of teaching solutions with an interfaith and cultural approach with a reflective method. It produces self-awareness that is Islamic education requiring not only teaching religion is essential, but also how to explore and understand more substantive religious values so that one day can become a more spiritual and humanist human being. The purpose of this research is to present text studies as a solution to the current cultural and religious diversity. The result found that collective awareness in the frame of religiosity needs to be in Islamic education for the benefit of the people in a country with a high level of diversity.
Varying PRNG to improve image cryptography implementation
Authors:   Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer & Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, Gutub Adnan , Al-Roithy Budoor Obid ,   Computer Engineering Department, College of Computer & Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Published: September 2021

Securing information became essential to exchange multimedia information safely. These exchanged data need to be transformed in a well-managed, secure, and reliable manner. This paper focuses on securing multimedia images via cryptography during transmission among users using an effective selection from several Pseudorandom Number Generators (PRNG). This paper implements several PRNG techniques involved within consecutive cryptoprocesses of substitution and transposition that have proven a secure process. In the study, different PRNGs are tested to encrypt images in forms of grayscale and colored RGB images compared to current similar approaches. The work experimentation is aiming at investigating and identifying suitability and reliability through security measures standard parameters. The research is showing proper PRNG selection as an attractive, significant work worth remarking for image cryptography.
Tracking patients healthcare experiences during the COVID-19 outbreak: Topic modeling and sentiment analysis of doctor reviews
Authors:   Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P.R China, Shah Adnan M. , Yan Xiangbin ,   Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P.R China, tariq Samia ,   Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P.R China, Shah Syed Asad A. ,   Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P.R China
Published: September 2021

Emerging voices of patients in the form of opinions and expectations about the quality of care can improve healthcare service quality. A large volume of patients’ opinions as online doctor reviews (ODRs) are available online to access, analyze, and improve patients’ perceptions. This paper aims to explore COVID-19-related conversations, complaints, and sentiments using ODRs posted by users of the physician rating website. We analyzed 96,234 ODRs of 5,621 physicians from a prominent health rating website in the United Kingdom (Iwantgreatcare.org) in threetime slices (i.e., from February 01 to October 31, 2020). We employed machine learning approach, dynamic topic modeling, to identify prominent bigrams, salient topics and labels, sentiments embedded in reviews and topics, and patient-perceived root cause and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analyses to examine SWOT for healthcare organizations. This method finds a total of 30 latent topics with 10 topics across each time slice. The current study identified new discussion topics about COVID-19 occurring from time slice 1 to time slice 3, such as news about the COVID-19 pandemic, violence against the lockdown, quarantine process and quarantine centers at different locations, and vaccine development/treatment to stop virus spread. Sentiment analysis reveals that fear for novel pathogen prevails across all topics. Based on the SWOT analysis, our findings provide a clue for doctors, hospitals, and government officials to enhance patients’ satisfaction and minimize dissatisfaction by satisfying their needs and improve the quality of care during the COVID-19 crisis.
Celebrities and Microcelebrities in Quarantine: Strategies of Parasocial Communication
Authors: Chaiuk Tetyana A. , Alyeksyeyeva Iryna O. , Borysovych Oksana V. , Karpova Kateryna S. , Gayevska Olena V.
Published: September 2021

The research applies the relationship strategies and the image repair strategies frameworks to study and compare celebrities and microcelebrities’ communicative activity on social media during the lockdown in the USA and the UK in spring, 2020. For celebrities, the sample collected on social media in March – April, 2020, reveals qualitative changes: in the quarantine, first-rank celebrities attempted to reduce the assumed gap between themselves and their fans by using the strategies typically associated with microcelebrities, namely openness, positivity, task sharing, and assurance. If applied inappropriately, these strategies damaged the celebrities’ image and the famous chose either to take corrective actions or to ignore the communication failure. The microcelebrities’ messages during the lockdown did not show any qualitative shift: they held on to their typical openness, assurance and task sharing relationship maintenance strategies. Yet, the posts, where some microcelebrities, pursuing the openness strategy, sincerely reported their neglect of the quarantine restrictions, were more destructive to their image than similar posts from celebrities. The negative feedback affected microcelebrities communication on social media quantitatively and qualitatively: the number of messages dropped and the bloggers employed an extensive set of strategies to repair their image.
 
Received: 3 June 2021 / Accepted: 26 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
From Industry Professionals to Secondary School Teachers: The Relationship between Second Career-Changing Teachers and Social Cognitive Career Theory
Authors: Santos Luis M. Dos
Published: September 2021

The science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and teaching field is facing significant human resources shortages, particularly in the subject matter of environmental sciences education. The current study collected interview and focus group data and sharing from 220 pre-service and in-service second career-changing teachers in the United States about their career decision and decision-making process. The results of this study indicated that the participants believe educating the next generation is their priority of joining the education and teaching profession. Many expressed that the populations of STEM teachers with professional and industry experiences are greatly needed. The outcomes of this study provided the blueprint for researchers, school leaders, policymakers and human resources planners to reform and polish their current plans for teachers training and professional development in order to solve the workforce issues in the fields of STEM education and teaching.
 
Received: 29 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
On-Site and Hybrid Workplace Culture of Positivity and Effectiveness: Case Study from Austria
Authors: Beno Michal
Published: September 2021

Workplace culture includes beliefs, attitudes, practices, rules, norms and customs. Ideal workplace culture focuses on activities that generate and demonstrate trust. A strong form of essential values that all employees respect and practice helps to build the positivity and effectiveness of a workplace environment. This paper examines the positivity and effectiveness of an on-site and hybrid working model from Austria. A research question is raised that concerns the difference between negative and positive approaches towards different working environments when following the aspects of respect and dignity, support, caring, rewards, forgiveness and inspiration, and asks whether these differ fundamentally and represent different theoretical mechanisms. Mixed research methods (quantitative and qualitative) using the medium of WhatsApp were applied. Relying on Chi-squared tests, we detected significant differences in 25 out of 29 statements where hybrid workers are more often supporting, caring, rewarding, forgiving and inspiring than cubicle workers. In four cases, the test did not detect any significant difference of respect and dignity dimensions: treating each other with respect, demonstrating integrity, fostering dignity in one another and showing appreciation for one another. Evidently, as shown by the data obtained, organisations that offer a hybrid working model have a very high score of positivity and effectiveness in providing the best place to work. The hybrid model might be an inevitable arrangement for some organisations. The interview data present a clearer picture of some pros and cons. The current data seem to reveal that these benefits persist as companies shift to hybrid working at scale and at pace.
 
Received: 7 July 2021 / Accepted: 19 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Quality Assurance Practices in Public Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institutions in the Khartoum State-Sudan
Authors: Gasmelseed Ahmed Mansour Mohammad
Published: September 2021

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the quality assurance practice of public TVET institutions in Khartoum State and its challenges and prospects. To this end, the study used an explanatory sequential mixed method design. The researcher chooses 285 teachers and 491 students from 12 TVET institutions to complete the study questionnaire using stratified and simple random sampling. Descriptive (mean scores, standard deviation) and inferential statistics used to analyze quantitative data (two-sample t-test, multiple regression analysis). Also, the researcher interviewed all of the selected TVET institution managers, technical education directors, and SCVTA for qualitative data. Besides, six teachers and nine students participated in a focus group discussion, accompanied by an observational checklist for the quantity and quality of selected input resources. Documentary analyses for TVET policy documents were also used. According to the study's findings, the amount of materials and services available at Khartoum state TVET institutions is insufficient. In TVET institutions, the input quality was poor. Students had high expectations and perceptions of TVET.  It was suggested that the authorities: formulate specific policies and plans for TVET, allocate the appropriate budget, and monitor the plan's implementation; form a collaboration between industry and TVET to help students and compensate for training deficiencies, and pay more attention to teacher training and motivation by meeting their needs.
 
Received: 5 June 2021 / Accepted: 21 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
I Want to Teach in the Regional Areas: A Qualitative Study about Teachers’ Career Experiences and Decisions in Regional Australia
Authors: Santos Luis Miguel Dos
Published: September 2021

The Australian government seeks to develop regional and rural communities and school systems. One of the challenges would be the human resources and workforce for registered and qualified teachers, particularly in the field of Languages Other Than English (LOTE). Based on social cognitive career theory (Dos Santos, 2021a; Lent et al., 1994), this study focused on the career perspectives and career decision-making processes of registered and qualified teachers in the field of Languages Other Than English (LOTE). The following research question guided the direction of this study, why would registered and qualified teachers in the Languages Other Than English (LOTE) field (i.e. foreign languages) decide to move to Australian regional and rural communities to develop their teaching career? With the general inductive approach, 18 participants were invited for the interview sessions and focus group activities. The results of this study indicated that missions and goals for development in the regional and rural communities and governmental encouragement for regional and rural developments are the two personal consideration elements. The sharing and comments become a blueprint for government agencies, school leaders, and policymakers to reform the current human resources plans and schemes to attach additional workforce to the regional and rural communities, particularly for teachers.
 
Received: 20 May 2021 / Accepted: 13 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Evaluation of the Qualifying Training of New Teachers of Mathematics: Case of the Training of the CRMEF of Settat-Morocco
Authors: Tamani Soumia , Abouhanifa Said , Amad Zahra , Elkhouzai Elmostafa , Radid Mohamed
Published: September 2021

This research aims to measure the impact of training on the professional qualification of teacher-trainees in all the specifications, behaviors, skills and professional competence corresponding to the practice of the teaching profession by deploying the Kirkpatrick model. To do this, we sent a questionnaire to the mathematics teacher-trainees who benefited from the qualifying training in CRMEF-Settat (Promotion 2019). We, subsequently, conducted an interview with the majority of their trainers. This study allowed us to detect dysfunctions: At the organizational level: Mismatch between the specialty of the diploma obtained by the trainee teachers (physics, chemistry, computer science) and the subject they will be teaching (Mathematics), Lack of an adequate structure at the CRMEF likely to take care of the management and implementation of the MSP (the practical situations) and Insufficient time training. And at the educational level: Insufficient communication between trainers and teacher-trainees, and Lack of support for these teachers in internship places during the MSP period.
 
Received: 19 July 2021 / Accepted: 20 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Gender Equality, a Priority for the Social, Economic, Political and Educational Development of a Country: The Case of Albania
Authors: Pacukaj Sokol , Brajshori Behxhet , Deda Eriona
Published: September 2021

In this paper we have focused on measuring the gender inequality index in relation to some important indicators that reflect gender inequality in social, economic, political, and educational terms. Our study aims to reflect the differences in gender inequality through the gender inequality index for 2013-2020 in relation to these important indicators such as reproductive health, which includes maternal mortality per 1000 live births and fertility rate of teenagers. Another indicator is the empowerment, which includes the percentage of seats in parliament on a comparative basis by gender and completion of secondary or higher education by gender. Another indicator is the labor market, which includes the degree of participation in the labor market. Precisely, in relation to these indicators and according to the annual periods taken into consideration in the study, we have analyzed the index of gender inequality between women and men. Measuring gender inequality is very important for the fact that it highlights many problems related to the social, economic, political, educational development of a country. The data is provided by INSTAT (Institute of Statistics, Albania), based on social surveys and administrative resources by gender. The paper is based on the descriptive method, from which comparative statistical analysis related to the gender inequality index are derived through data processing, by years and by important indicators obtained in the study. This study is also focused on recommending some important policies to be undertaken by the government to improve the gender inequality index in relation to the indicators we have taken into consideration in our study.
 
Received: 13 July 2021 / Accepted: 26 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
French Motorcyclists and the 80 km/hr Speed Limit: Conditionality and Risk-Taking with Regard to Age, Type and Power of Motorbike
Authors: Gaymard Sandrine , Tiplica Teodor , Schvartz Anne-Sophie
Published: September 2021

After months of controversy, the speed limit on two-way secondary French roads without a median strip was reduced from 90 to 80 km/hr on 1 July 2018. Thousands of car drivers and motorcyclists have since protested against this measure, and the present study concerned the latter group. Starting from the Theory of Conditionality in the field of social thinking, which holds that prescriptions are massively conditional, a specific questionnaire based on 23 conditional scripts has been devised. A total of 661 male motorcyclists were asked about the conditions justifying the transgression of the 80 km/hr limit. Results showed that those motorcyclists who exceeded this limit did so by at least by 20 km/hr. A personalized assessment of speed, the pleasure associated with driving, and good road and weather conditions were the most conditional situations, while situations linked to the risk of loss of control were the least conditional. This study suggests that the determinants of risk-taking must be studied at the group and context levels, and that behavior is influenced by the system of social norms. Although this system may conflict with the Highway Code, it reflects an adaptation of the group linked to a need for meaning.
 
Received: 7 July 2021 / Accepted: 12 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Pre-Schoolers’ Parental Concern on Educational Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Children’s Learning
Authors: Kassim Rafiah , Abu Samah Siti Akmar
Published: September 2021

Technology has been the bread and butter of learning not only among school going children, but also those of pre-schoolers. Its access and usage has become the perennial tool to generate learning. Hence, it comes with the effects of the learning process. This study attempts to investigate the concern of pre-schoolers’ parents regarding the access of Information Communication Technology (ICT) that takes place both in school and at home. This has also become the cause of concern for parents as their children are exposed to its access and usage, conveniently 24/7. To conduct this study, questionnaires were given and duly completed by 10 parents in a small school of eighteen pre-schoolers. These pre-schoolers ranged from the ages of 3 to 6 years old. At these ages, the children have ICT knowledge, at home ranging from leisure games, electronic toys, mobile phones, television, CD, and computers. They have well educated parents with concerns on child computer addiction, health matters and lack of social values. Discussions on the findings focus on the advantages and disadvantages of technology access and usage among the pre-schoolers. They also included the questions on methods of access control or preventive measures to ensure safe ICT use for these pre-schoolers. This study took a qualitative approach as it was suitable to access the respondents’ perception and opinion via questionnaires. The analysis of the study results indicated that ICT had positive impact on education. The concern and setback for parents were the health issues, dark webs, and lack or over socialising. More often it is lack of social mingling.
 
Received: 27 June 2021 / Accepted: 9 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence in Predicting of Self – Efficacy in Mathematical Thinking among Fourth Grade Students in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Kiyumi Mohammed , Alfalasi Amina
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to investigate the role of emotional intelligence in predicting self-efficacy in mathematical thinking. The sample consisted of 150 students selected by cluster and sample random techniques from Al-Buraimi governorate. The tools of the study were: Mathematical Thinking Scale developed by the researchers, Self-efficacy Scale for Children (SEQ-C), and Bar-On Emotional Intelligence scale. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between mathematical thinking, self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence. The self-efficacy predicted mathematical thinking when emotional intelligence was a mediator. The variables of sex and the type of school had an impact on the prediction of mathematical thinking. Based on the results, the researchers recommended attention to the development of psychological factors that contribute to the development of mathematical thinking, including self-efficacy and emotional intelligence. They also recommended that further studies be carried out to investigate the role of different psychological traits in mathematical thinking.Contribution/Originality: this study is one of very few studies that investigated to how much extent that self-efficacy predicts mathematical thinking when emotional intelligence plays a mediating role. This investigation was conducted in a new environment.
 
Received: 10 June 2021 / Accepted: 10 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
Poblaciones indígenas amazónicas en la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Iglesias-Osores Sebastian , Córdova-Rojas Lizbeth
Published: September 2021

A nivel mundial, en todos los países y poblaciones, los pueblos indígenas enfrentan una mayor carga de enfermedad que los pueblos no indígenas, incluidas las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el VIH(1). La selva amazónica de Perú representa el 60% del territorio nacional del país y es el hogar de alrededor de 264 000 indígenas. Según los datos obtenidos por el Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades (CDC-Perú), la región con más casos confirmados de COVID-19 fue Loreto (figura 4) seguida de Amazonas. La etnia Awajun fue la que más casos presentó y la que más defunciones por COVID-19 tuvo. Los datos no se encuentran actualizados y no están de libre acceso por lo que su estudio es difícil, sin embargo, los datos que se pueden obtener nos dan un acercamiento a la realidad.
Role of “NAFLAN” Immune (Nasal/ Oral) Spray in Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections (Including COVID 19) in Indian Volunteers: The Preliminary Report of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial
Authors: Davey Sanjeev
Published: September 2021

Background & Object൴ves: The Immune-modulat൴ng Nutr൴t൴onal Supplements based on Grapeseeds r൴ch ൴n Sterols and V൴tam൴ns can be useful ൴n Management of Resp൴ratory V൴ral ൴nfect൴ons ൴nclud൴ng COVID 19, but stud൴es reveal൴ng the൴r comb൴ned eff ects are lack൴ng ൴n l൴terature. Therefore the German manufactured Oro-Nasal Immune spray (NAFLAN- A Nutr൴t൴onal Supplements Product) based on comb൴nat൴on of Plant Sterols & V൴tam൴n, B, D, E needs urgent explorat൴on ൴n context of Preva൴l൴ng COVID 19 Pandem൴c across the world ൴nclud൴ng Ind൴a. Methods: Th൴s cl൴n൴cal tr൴al was done on 40 healthy Volunteers, as part of a Phase 1 tr൴al Project of Pure Derm GmBH, Germany for ൴ts evaluat൴on ൴n Management of Resp൴ratory Infect൴ons ൴nclud൴ng COVID 19. The volunteers were selected from an NGO Hosp൴tal and th൴s tr൴al was enrolled at CTRI ICMR Ind൴a and conducted accord൴ng to WHO, PATH & CONSORT gu൴del൴nes . Tr൴al was done from 15th March 2021- 15th June 2021 ൴n wh൴ch th൴s Immune spray was used for 1 month (1st May 2021- 31st May). Th൴s Cl൴n൴cal tr൴al ൴ncluded all types of COVID 19 ൴nclud൴ng Ind൴an Mutat൴on Delta Var൴ant. Results: Symptoms such as Cough and D൴arrhoea were reduced s൴gn൴f൴cantly after use of Immune( Nafl an Spray) [χ2 =9.25 (Yates Correct൴on), P <0.05, RR Adjusted=1.8, 95% C.I=1.5-2.1], but no eff ect on h൴gh fever, headache, and Common cold were seen. Interpretation & Conclusions: Nafalan Spray can be useful in Prevention of Cough in Respiratory Infections (possibly also COVID 19). However Large scale Multicentric trial is however advocated by authors before reaching a more defi nite conclusion of role of Nafalan Spray in Prevention of COVID 19 Infection.
Stabilization of Aqueous Dispersions of Inorganic Microparticles Under Mechanical Activation
Authors: Perchenok A. V. , Suvorova E. V. , Farmakovskaya A. A. , Kohlert V.
Published: September 2021

The stability of aqueous dispersed systems of TiO2 and Fe2O3 microparticles in the presence of a water-soluble polymer - ethylhydroxyethylcellulose (EHEC) - has been studied under the condition of using two methods of mechanoactivation of the pigment surface - processing them in a disintegrator and in an ultrasonic field. It is shown that in the absence of a polymer stabilizer, an intense effect on aqueous dispersed systems of pigments leads to rapid coagulation of particles. In the presence of EHEC, a small stabilizing effect is observed, which is significantly enhanced when processing dispersed systems in a disintegrator and in an ultrasonic field. In this case, the stability of dispersed systems depends little on the method of mechanoactivation of their surface, but significantly depends on the duration of the intense exposure.
COMBINED METHOD OF INTEGRAL TRANSFORMS FOR THE SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC DROPLET HEATING PROBLEM
Authors: Anani Kwassi
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we analysed the spherically symmetric heat diffusion equation, which governs the temperature distribution inside a heated but non-evaporating droplet. The spherical droplet, with an initial uniform temperature, is assumed at rest in an unsteady gas environment. The classical Fourier sine integral transform (FSIT) and the unilateral Laplace integral transform (LIT) are successively used to solve the resulting initial-boundary value problem, first reduced in a dimensionless form. An explicit solution in the Laplace domain is obtained for the temperature inside the droplet. Then, depending on the time-varying temperature of the gas environment at the immediate vicinity of the droplet, an exact series solution and an approximate analytical solution in short time limits are derived for the droplet internal temperature. In the case of steady gas environment at constant temperature, the standard series solution obtained in the literature for the symmetrical problem of heating or cooling of a solid spherical body, is recovered. The results may be useful for time step analysis in droplets and sprays vaporization models.
Alignment of the Portfolio of IT Projects with the IT Governance in Spanish Universities
Authors: Valverde Alulema Francisco Xavier , Llorens Faraón
Published: September 2021

This research considers a rubric to assess the portfolio implemented in universities and its alignment with the IT governance principles established by ISO/IEC 38500. The rubric considers 16 elements. It estimates the relationship with 21 possible advantages of implementing the portfolio with some of the elements present. And it compares and establishes the level of coincidence with the real benefits perceived by the universities. This rubric has been applied to the public universities of the Spanish university system. It is concluded that a high percentage of the portfolios implemented have a clear strategic focus and are aligned with IT governance.
Autograph of the Victory. About war and peace at the lessons of Russian. Essays by the winners of the Pushkin Competition – 2020
Authors: Алламуратова Дилором , Войинович Миомир , Дернова Наталья , Зоидзе Евгения , Кийизбаева Динара , Комаренко Марина , Павлова Татьяна , Саввин Иван , Сафаров Рустам , Суханинская Ульяна
Published: September 2021

Международный пушкинский конкурс для педагогов-русистов, появившийся благодаря «Российской газете» в 2000 году, ежегодно проводится при поддержке Министерства иностранных дел Российской Федерации, московского правительства и фонда «Русский мир». Цель конкурса – морально и материально поддержать самых талантливых и энергичных зарубежных учителей русского языка.
В этом номере – эссе лауреатов XX международного пушкинского конкурса 2020 года, тема которого вынесена в заголовок.

International Pushkin Competition for teachers of the Russian language and literature, initiated by «Rossiyskaya Gazeta» in 2000, is held annually with the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Moscow Government and the Russkiy Mir Foundation. The purpose of the competition is to give moral and financial support to the most talented and energetic foreign teachers of Russian.
Here, we present the essays by the laureates of the XX International Pushkin Competition 2020, the topic of which is given in the title.
Effectiveness of Lockdown in Reducing the Spread of COVID-19
Authors: Adyati Satya Puspita  , Judya Sukmana  , Lestari Dewi  , Erina Yatmasari
Published: September 2021

At the end of 2019, a mysterious outbreak appeared, forming an atypical pneumonia suspected of originatingfrom an animal market in Wuhan China. The outbreak is a new type of coronavirus which is named asCOVID-19 disease (2019 – nCoV, Novel Coronavirus). COVID 19 disease is a viral infection caused bySARS-CoV-2, namely the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 which emerged in Wuhan, China.Vaccines and antiviral drugs have not been found, meanwhile COVID-19 are prevented by using nonpharmacologicalinterventions, one of the actions taken by several countries is to create policy protocolssuch as lockdowns.The results of this study indicate that lockdown is effective in reducing the spread of COVID -19, it can beseen from the significant decrease in R0 and Rt, <1 in several countries after lockdown such as UK 0.99(0.96–1.02), Italy 0.89 (0.87–0.91), French 0.76 (0.72–0.82) and Spain 0.74 (0.71–0.78) which means thatsomeone who is infected cannot infect other people and the disease will die (disappear). The value of Rt alsoshows a consistent decline Rt to <1 (0.88) after 2 weeks of lockdown in Italy.The conclusion from this literature show that lockdowns can reduce the spread of COVID-19 which isshown by the number of incidents before and after the lockdown which has decreased to zero cases in China.The decline in cases also occurred in Europe although at the beginning of the lockdown it was not significantbut it was increasingly effective and continued to be significant after the lockdown was imposed.
A Review on Medication Synchronization Programs in Community Pharmacies to Improve Medication Adherence
Authors: Rakshith U.R  , Srikanth M.S
Published: September 2021

Adherence to the prescribed medications plays an important role in treatment of chronic diseases.Hypertension, Ischemic heart diseases, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidaemia’s are major health challenges of21st Century and are more expensive. A total 79% of Projected deaths are caused due to chronic diseasesin developing countries. Non adherence to prescribed medications is one of major health threat worldwide.Patients who are on chronic diseases are offen visits multiple health care practioners, numerous pharmacies,and who take multiple drugs results in medication non-adherence. The new primary care models suggestthat there is no promotion of close physician-patient-pharmacist relationships. Training for the treatmentof chronic diseases is seldom satisfactory and there is inadequate consistency and communication betweenhealth care providers. Among health care profession community pharmacist are the ideal position to assistthe management of patients with chronic disease. The Synchronization services are offered by severalcommunity pharmacies to improve medication adherence. These programs work by overcoming the barriersof medication non adherence by refilling their prescription in their single visits. Although there are Numerousmedication synchronization programs are available in community pharmacies effectives of medicationsynchronization programs are confined to its type synchronization programs implemented.
Maxillary Inter-canine Width at Three Stages of Dentition– A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Anita Thakur  , Seema Thakur  , Parul Singhal  , Deepak Chauhan
Published: September 2021

Objective: To determine the palatal intercanine width from deciduous dentition to permanent dentition in5years to 16 years old children.Materials and Methods: the study sample comprised of 168 children who fulfilled the inclusion andexclusion criteria were examined. Study models were constructed and maxillary intercanine width wasmeasured using Vernier digital caliper.Results: Statistically significant difference was found in upper intercanine width (UICW) between malesand females in primary dentition (p<0.034). Statistically non-significant difference was found in upperintercanine width (UICW) in mixed and permanent dentition. Data were analysed using SPSS 22 (SPSSInc., Chicago, IL, USA). One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test and t- test were applied toverify the existence of significant differences between the groups.Conclusion: The present study found that there is significant increase in intercanine width in upper dentalarch from primary dentition to permanent dentition.
An Epidemiological Study of Homicidal Cases Autopsied in the Mortuary of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, North Bengal, Darjeeling
Authors: Achintya Biswas  , Pappu Kumar  , Sukanta Majumdar  , Soumeek Chowdhuri  , Somasish Ghosal  , Prabir Kumar Deb
Published: September 2021

Homicide is regarded as a notorious crime against the society that causes intentional killing, aggravatedassaults resulting in death. This brings a massive burden on national economies, law enforcement and lostproductivity. The present study highlighted the epidemiological profile of homicidal deaths which accounted(3.9%) of all unnatural deaths autopsied. Overall trend shows high male predominance with low economicbackground where illiteracy, poverty and other social circumstances play a considerable role. Homicidalrecords have their importance in interpretation of socio-economic implications and overall administrativeattributes on executing law and order in respect to time, place and conditions.
Evaluation of Gingival Inflammation, Plasma IL-6, and TMJ Clicking after Masseters Muscle Botulinum Toxin Injection and Intra-Articular PRP Injection In Bruxism Patients
Authors: Ali Sahib Hussein  , Muhassad H. Al-Mudhafar  , Karar Abdulzahra Mahdi  , Ali A. Al-Fahham
Published: September 2021

In this study, thirty patients complaining of bruxism at night and hyperactivity masseters muscle causing TMJdisk changes, TMJ clicking sound and all selected patient complaining of gingival inflammation as includedcriteria, and 50-unit botulinum toxin type A were injected in both side of masseter muscle. Regarding toT.M.J clicking sound there were three intervals of PRP injection for 3 months. The levels of IL-6 in theblood samples measured by ELISA technique, this study proposed to investigate the plasma IL-6 level inpatient with early changes of T.M.J disorder and role of repetitive intraarticular PRP injection on the T.M.Jclicking sound and the effect of decreasing stress force microtruma of masseter muscle on gingival score inpreviously diagnosed bruxism patient with gingival inflammation whether of causative factor of gingivitis.The mean difference of plasma IL-6 in between patient and control (25.6 ± 4.2 and 23.8 ± 1.8) respectively.There were highly significant differences in gingival index score of all sided of oral cavity after botoxintramuscular injection. Force stress muscle microtruma of bruxism patient considered a contributory factorthat increased gingival inflammation these fact suggested by botulinum toxin injection to decrease this force,and highly statically difference on gingival score after injection and also, the intraarticular injection of PRPin T.M.J disorder patient statically not affected on the clicking sound of joint as well as suggesting in ourresearch for further studies to appear the role of IL-6 in early joint changes locally as an experimental study
Common complications of Behcet’s Disease in Baghdad Teaching Hospital
Authors: Barq Wameedh Azeez  , Atta AH Al-Sarray  , Ali H. Al-Hafidh
Published: September 2021

Background: Behcet’s disease is multi-systemic vasculitis, which usually is frequent oral & genital ulcerations as well as eye and skin lesions.Objectives: To determine the proportion of complications of BD & associated epidemiological variables.Patients and Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted and performed in the Baghdad teaching hospital’s Rheumatology unit and Dermatology and Venereology Center, involving (116) patients over the course of six months, beginning November 2nd and ending April 2nd, 2020. Results: The patients ranged in age from 13 to 64 years old at the time of the study. The mean age and SD was 35.08±10.46 and 70.7% from male while 29.3% from female. Recurrent oral ulceration, Recurrent genital ulceration, Eye lesion, Skin lesion, and Joint symptoms were the most common clinical manifestations of Behcet’s disease, with 96.6 percent, 37.9%, 67.2 percent, 62.1 percent, and 75.9%, respectively. The most common Behcet’s disease complication was ocular complication (34.5 percent), and the first major symptom of BD (94 percent) was oral ulcer. The age at onset of disease at (20-29) years with higher frequency (38.8%). Conclusion : Higher percentages of study sample had ocular complications (83%) while the lower percentage (2%) had gastrointestinal complication. Recommendations: More research is required to determine the etiology, enhance diagnosis precision, and develop new therapeutic strategies. To prevent visceral and ocular involvements, early diagnosis and treatment with the help of a dermatologist with extensive experience is essential.
Prevalence of Drug-Drug Interaction in Hospitalized Patient in Basrah City; Southern of Iraq
Authors: Zainab Najim Abdul-nabi  , Noor Kadhim Mohammed-Jawad  , Jubran K. Hassan
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Although multiple drugs administrationmostly increase therapeutic effect, some combinations lead to adverse drug-drug interactions and increased morbidity. This study was designed to identify the types,frequency, severity, and significance of drug–drug interactions (DDIs)Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to February 2019 in Al-Fayha’a teaching hospital in Basrah, Iraq.The data of 186 patients were collected from hospital patients case sheets. The type and significance of DDIs were analyzed using “Medscape drug Interaction Checker.Results: At least one to two DDI are noticed in about three quarters of the patients, about 30% cases have three to nine DDIs and 15% of them have ten or more DDIs. According to their severity, there are 85 (11.5%) of serious or potent DDIs. The largest percentage of reported interactions 544 (73.5%) were moderate were close monitoring required. Out of 740documented DDIs,65.1% were pharmacodynamics and 19.5% were Pharmacokinetic interactions, in addition, there were 15.4%of DDIs due to Unknown mechanisms. Most of the major potential DDIs occur with the antibiotic ceftriaxone and blood thinning medications (heparin and warfarin).Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed a high prevalence of drug-drug interactions in hospitalized patients particularly in patients withcardiovascular disease. Potential DDIs in this study sufficiently high to alert health care providers to pay more attentions in order to prevent or decrease their adverse effects on patients.
Evaluation of Implant Stability Following Sinus Augmentation Utilizing Bovine Bone Mixed with Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Ali H. Abbas Alhussaini  , Thair A. Lateef Hassan  , Heba Basim Mohammed
Published: September 2021

Background: Lateral sinus augmentation and simultaneous insertion of dental implants is a highlypredictable procedure and associated with high rate of implants success.Aims: To evaluate implant stability changes following maxillary sinus augmentation utilizing deproteinizedbovine bone alone or mixed with platelet-rich fibrin.Materials and Methods: A total of 34 lateral sinus augmentation procedures were performed and 50 dentalimplants simultaneously installed. The lateral sinus augmentation cases were allocated randomly into 3groups: Group A comprised 13 procedures and 21 dental implants utilizing solely deproteinized bovine bone.Group B involved 10 cases and 16 dental implants using deproteinized bovine bone mixed with leukocyteand platelet-rich fibrin. Group C included 11 operations and 13 dental implants employing deproteinizedbovine bone mixed with advanced platelet-rich fibrin. Resonance frequency analysis test was performedimmediately after implant installation and 24 weeks postoperatively for the measurement of the implantstability.Results: Implant stability quotient values increased significantly for all study groups 24 weeks after dentalimplants installation (P= 0.001). The implant stability quotient at T1 (day of implant installation) was 56.93±12.01 for group A, 58.34 ±12.82 for group B, and 61.35 ±8.47 for group C. The implant stability quotientat T2 (24 weeks after implant insertion) was 69.17 ±5.10, 69.43 ±5.32, and 68.50 ±7.44, respectively.Conclusion: The addition of leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin or advanced platelet-rich fibrin to the bovinebone for sinus floor augmentation did not increased the implant stability quotient value in comparison to thebovine bone alone.
Molecular detection of vicR, vicK and 16S rRNA genes of Streptococcus mutans Isolated from Dental Caries of Iraqi’s Patient
Authors: Zainab Sadeq Ali  , Raya Ezat Maroof  , Lateef Essa Alwan Aljorani  , Abbas Sabah Mohammad  , Sarmad Sameer Hameed  , Ali Sadeq Ali
Published: September 2021

Background : This study was carried out to detect the distribution of Streptococcus mutans with dentalcaries in Iraqi’s patient samples. Out of 100 patient’s samples only (22) with age (3-17) years old werefound to be effected with Streptococcus mutans. DNA was extracted amplified by Gradient PCR and thensequenced. vicR was showed highly conserved with no mutation while vicK showed that these were silentmutation and four isolates have missense mutation from eight isolate.Material & Method : In this study, 22 from clinical S. mutans strains were isolated from caries- childrento sequence the vicR, vicK and 16s rRNA genes. Genomic DNA was extracted from S. mutans strains andamplified using Gradient PCR. The PCR products were purified and then sequenced.Result : The molecular study include vicR, vicK and 16S rRNA, genes by Gradient PCR. The result ofsequencing appear that no mutation in vicR genes, although in 16S rRNA present transion and tranvesionmutation . Finally the sequencing of vicK gene appear silent mutation and four isolates have missensemutation from eightConclusion the result of molecular study of vicR gene were appear no mutation in all isolates while 16SrRNA although have transition and transvertion mutation, the Sequence of vicK gene that note more ofmutation was silent mutation but some of them was missense mutation.
Periotest Evaluation of Stability after Insertion of Temporary Anchorage Device
Authors: Hussain Jabar Kadhem  , Akram Fasial Alhuwaizi
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Skeletal anchorage devices was developed for absolute anchorage during orthodontictreatment. Because of immediate loading on orthodontic miniscrews, early stability became a essentialrequirement for loading forces on miniscrews.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the early stability of the miniscrews after two weeks ofinsertion and the effect of the length and the side of insertion of the miniscrews on its stability using Periotestdevice.Material and Method: Thirty- three orthodontic patients in a collage clinic were recruited who requiredbilateral miniscrews for orthodontic anchorage. Under local anesthesia, each patient received two miniscrewsin the maxillary buccal area (one side 1.6x8mm and the other side 1.6x10mm). after two week early stabilitymeasured using Periotest device.Results: There was no significant different in stability of miniscrew between right and lift sides and betweenshort and long miniscrews.Conclusion: length of miniscrew and side of insertion do not affect the early stability of miniscrew.
Co-infection between Entamoeba histolytica and Helicobacter Pylori in Patients at Wasit Province
Authors: Abdulsada A. Rahi  , Sima’a H. Mohammed  , Magda A. Ali
Published: September 2021

The current study was conducted at Wasit province, Iraq during the period from 28 October 2020 to28 December 2020. The study included one hundred stool samples taken from questionable patients ofEntamoeba histolytica and Helicobacter pylori. Samples were collected from patient attended to GeneralHospital of Martyr Fairuz at Hay district , Saeed Health center and Hospital of Al-Kut. All samples havebeen checked using direct smear lugol’s iodine stain for Entamoeba histolytica and dipstick for Helicobacterpylori. The result showed that 40 samples (40%) out of 100 patients were gave positive by rapid test cassette;females 23 (23%) positive samples and males 17(17%). While 14 samples (14%)out of 100 samples werepositive for Entamoeba histolytica. The highest infection in females 8(8%) and the lowest in males 6(6%).The result showed 10 samples (10%) out of 100 patients positive for both E. histolytica and H. pylori. Thehighest infection was recorded in females 6(6%) and the lowest in males 4(4%).The highest infection of H.pylori in age group (39 and more) years ; females recorded 6(6%) and malesrecorded 6(6%), while the lowest infection in group (>1) years old ; females recorded 1(1%) and malesrecorded 1(1%). The infection rate of Entamoeba histolytica was highest in age group (1-13) years old ;females was recorded 1(1%) and males was recorded 4(4%) , while the lowest in age group (26-39) years old; females recorded 1(1%) while males without infection. Infection with both E.histolytica and H.pylori wasrecorded the highest in group (39 and more) years old ; females was recorded 3(3%) and males was recorded2(2%) while the group (>1) years old do not recorded infections.
Comparison between Microscopic Identification and Nested PCR for Detection of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis at Wasit Province
Authors: Abdulsada A. Rahi  , Zainab K. Hashim  , Ali Mohsin Al-Jamea
Published: September 2021

Cutaneous leishmaniosis in Iraq has 2 forms, zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), which is mainlycaused by Leishmania major, and anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), which is mainly causedby Leishmania tropica . Twenty skin samples were taken from suspected patients with CL and checked forLeishmania amastigote, during the period from October 2019 to February 2020 in Al-Karamah teachinghospital of Kut city, Iraq. The highest infection 100% using Giemsa- smeared and 75% using Nested PCRmethods. Totally 20 patients aged from (1- <40) years old were included in current study.The prevalenceof CL were in males 9(45) and 11(55) in females and high prevalence in age groups (>20) years old. Thecurrent study 12(60%) were brought on Leishmania major and 4(20%) Leishmania tropica using NestedPCR method . In present study the direct smear could be considered a good test for testing the cutaneousLeishmaniasis but Nested PCR assay was more touchy than parasitological technique in diagnosis ofLeishmania species in skin lesions. L.major is the main species responsible of cutaneous leishmaniasis inareas of Wasit Province.