bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adsorptive desulfurization of diesel using activated sewage sludge: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies
Authors: Aribike David Stan , Usman Mohammed Awwalu , Oloruntoba Mojirade M.
Published: December 2019

Combustion of fossil fuels gives rise to sulfur oxides, which are harmful to the environment. Adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) of diesel was conducted using sewage sludge activated with H2O2as the oxidizing agent. A full 22central composite response surface design was employed to determine optimum conditions for the production of activated sewage sludge (ASS). The adsorbent (ASS) was characterized using SEM, EDX and FTIR and the results of the analysis showed that it has the capacity to desulfurize diesel significantly. The ASS was subsequently used to conduct batch ADS of diesel with a view to investigate the kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of the process. The optimum conditions established for the production of ASS using H2O2as the oxidizing agent were: temperature 400 °C and holding time 60 min. The Elovich model gave the best fit to the kinetic data of the ADS of diesel using ASS, while the equilibrium study showed that the Freundlich isotherm fitted the data at 35 °C better than Temkin and Langmuir isotherms. The positive values of the free energy and enthalpy changes revealed that the process was non-spontaneous and endothermic, respectively, while the negative entropy change is evidence of decrease in randomness of the adsorbed species. 33% desulfurization was achieved in 100 min during ADS of diesel showing that the adsorbent developed by activating SS with H2O2was very good and effective. Thus, ASS can be used to gain more insight into kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of the ADS of middle-distillate petroleum fractions.
Insights on genomic diversity of Vibrio spp. through Pan-genome analysis
Authors: Nathamuni Suganya , Jangam Ashok Kumar , Katneni Vinaya Kumar , Selvaraj Ashok , Krishnan Karthic , Kumar Sujeet , Avunje Satheesha , Balasubramaniam Sivamani , Grover Monendra , Alavandi Shankar V. , Koyadan Vijayan K.
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The aquaculture sector is a major contributor to the economic and nutritional security for a number of countries. India’s total seafood exports for the year 2017–2018 accounted for US$ Million 7082. One of the major setbacks in this sector is the frequent outbreaks of diseases often due to bacterial pathogens. Vibriosis is one of the major diseases caused by bacteria of Vibrio spp., causing significant economic loss to the aquaculture sector. The objective of this study was to understand the genetic composition of Vibrio spp.

Methods

Thirty-five complete genomes were downloaded from GenBank comprising seven vibrio species, namely, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. campbellii, V. harveyi, V. furnissii, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. Pan-genome analysis was carried out with coding sequences (CDS) generated from all the Vibrio genomes. In addition, genomes were mined for genes coding for toxin-antitoxin systems, antibiotic resistance, genomic islands, and virulence factors.

Results

Results revealed an open pan-genome comprising of 2004 core, 8249 accessory, and 6780 unique genes. Downstream analysis of genomes and the identified unique genes resulted in 312 antibiotic resistance genes, 430 genes coding for toxin and antitoxin systems along with 4802, and 4825 putative virulent genes from genomic island regions and unique gene sets, respectively.

Conclusion

Pan-genome and other downstream analytical procedures followed in this study have the potential to predict strain-specific genes and their association with habitat and pathogenicity.
Synthesis of plate-like β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles and their efficiency in remineralization of incipient enamel caries
Authors: Seyedlar Roghayyeh Marefat , Rezvani Mohammadbagher , Barari Samira , Imani Mohammad , Nodehi Azizollah , Atai Mohammad
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to synthesize nano-sized β-tricalcium phosphate (nano-TCP) particles and determine its concentration-dependent properties on incipient enamel caries lesions. Nano-TCP was synthesized as a wet chemical through a method using low concentration of precursors and low addition rate of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate as a second phase. Morphology and phase composition of the particles were analyzed by SEM, XRD, and EDXA techniques. Incipient enamel lesions were created in human premolars with an acidic buffer. The teeth were then incubated in aqueous dispersions of nano-TCP as remineralization solutions. Sodium fluoride solution and deionized water were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. The quality and thickness of the remineralized layer on enamel were investigated using SEM. The data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s test. The synthesized nano-TCP mostly consisted of porous platelet-like crystals of 50–100 nm thickness and pore diameters of 100–300 nm. SEM observation showed that a homogenous layer was formed on the surface of the enamels remineralized in nano-TCP solutions. The thickness of the mineralized layer was dependent on the incubation time and nano-TCP concentration.
Algorithmic approaches to clonal reconstruction in heterogeneous cell populations
Authors: Ismail Wazim Mohammed , Nzabarushimana Etienne , Tang Haixu
Published: December 2019

Background

The reconstruction of clonal haplotypes and their evolutionary history in evolving populations is a common problem in both microbial evolutionary biology and cancer biology. The clonal theory of evolution provides a theoretical framework for modeling the evolution of clones.

Results

In this paper, we review the theoretical framework and assumptions over which the clonal reconstruction problem is formulated. We formally define the problem and then discuss the complexity and solution space of the problem. Various methods have been proposed to find the phylogeny that best explains the observed data. We categorize these methods based on the type of input data that they use (space‐resolved or time‐resolved), and also based on their computational formulation as either combinatorial or probabilistic. It is crucial to understand the different types of input data because each provides essential but distinct information for drastically reducing the solution space of the clonal reconstruction problem. Complementary information provided by single cell sequencing or from whole genome sequencing of randomly isolated clones can also improve the accuracy of clonal reconstruction. We briefly review the existing algorithms and their relationships. Finally we summarize the tools that are developed for either directly solving the clonal reconstruction problem or a related computational problem.

Conclusions

In this review, we discuss the various formulations of the problem of inferring the clonal evolutionary history from allele frequeny data, review existing algorithms and catergorize them according to their problem formulation and solution approaches. We note that most of the available clonal inference algorithms were developed for elucidating tumor evolution whereas clonal reconstruction for unicellular genomes are less addressed. We conclude the review by discussing more open problems such as the lack of benchmark datasets and comparison of performance between available tools.
A Randomized Study Comparing Video-Based Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy With Video-Based Traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Sample of Women Struggling to Achieve Orgasm
Authors: Adam Françoise , De Sutter Pascal , Day James , Grimm Elise
Published: December 2019

Introduction

This study examines the effectiveness of integrating mindfulness-based techniques within therapy for women suffering to achieve orgasm. Although widely applied in psychotherapy, this approach has only recently been introduced in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction.

Aim

To compare the effectiveness of a video-based self-administered treatment, rooted within the cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) framework, with a video-based self-administered mindfulness treatment applying cognitive behavioral sexual therapy (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy), the latter of which was specifically created to increase women's ability to achieve orgasm.

Methods

A convenience sample of 65 women suffering from difficulties to achieve orgasm, aged 18 to 58 years (mean = 32.66, standard deviation = 9.48), were randomly allocated using a randomization procedure to either a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (N = 35) or CBT (N = 30) group. Each participant completed questionnaires before and after the start of treatment and 2 months after its completion.

Main Outcome Measure

We applied repeated-measure general linear models to compare the 2 groups (ie, between participant factor) on each dependent variable across time (ie, the within-participant factor). Compare mean analyses for paired samples were only conducted when the interaction effect between condition and time was significant (ie, P <.05).

Results

Statistical analyses show that women in both groups presented increased sexual functioning (P = .001) and decreased sexual distress (P < .001), as well as improved desire, arousal, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction (P < .05) after their respective treatments. Contrary to our hypothesis, significant reductions in sexual pain were only observed in CBT participants.

Clinical Implications

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to apply a randomized allocation procedure to evaluate the effectiveness of a video-based mindfulness intervention for women struggling to achieve orgasm. These results should guide clinicians' decisions with respect to evaluating the relevance and the real added value of proposing mindfulness exercises to their patients with such difficulties.

Conclusion

When women suffering from difficulties to achieve orgasm are randomly assigned to a mindfulness group or an active control, improvements in sexual functioning and reductions in sexual distress can be observed after both treatments.
Reading Pornography: Methodological Considerations in Evaluating Pornography Research
Authors: Fisher William A. , Kohut Taylor
Published: December 2019

Introduction

With the emergence of rapidly expanding access to sexually explicit materials, research concerning pornography prevalence, pornography content, pornography users, and pornography effects has increased steadily among scientists and clinicians. Findings in this research area are often inconsistent and controversial.

Aim

The current discussion aims to assist scientists and clinicians to “read pornography—that is, pornography research—” from an appropriately rigorous scientific perspective, so that we may approach work in this area with a clearer understanding of the often contested evidence base and a clearer understanding of what science can, and cannot, tell us, at present, about pornography prevalence, content, users, and effects.

Methods

Discussion focuses on the critical implications, for scientific validity and clinical application, of variations in research design, participant sampling, conceptual and operational definitions of “pornography” and “use,” measurement of sexually violent content, and measurement of pornography use effects.

Results

Failure to acknowledge the implications of research design limitations and heterogeneity of conceptual and operational definitions of pornography have resulted in an inconsistent and contested evidence base in this area.

Clinical Implications

Clinicians must rigorously evaluate the published literature concerning pornography, according to classical principles of scientific research, before clinical application of diverse and inconsistent research claims.

Strength & Limitations

This analysis brings to bear classic scientific considerations in attempting to strengthen critical reading and research contributions in the area of pornography prevalence, content, users, correlates, and effects. Many of the assertions and suggestions contained in this discussion await empirical verification.

Conclusion

Rigorous application of basic scientific research principles should guide the evaluation and conduct of research concerning pornography prevalence, content, users, covariates, and effects.
Adapting Bestsellers
Authors: Gelder Ken
Published: December 2019

This Element looks at adaptations of bestselling works of popular fiction to cinema, television, stage, radio, video games and other media platforms. It focuses on 'transmedia storytelling', building its case studies around the genre of modern fantasy: because the elaborate storyworlds produced by writers like J. R. R. Tolkien, J. K. Rowling and George R. R. Martin have readily lent themselves to adaptations across various media platforms. This has also made it possible for media entertainment corporations to invest in them over the long term, enabling the development of franchises through which their storyworlds are presented and marketed in new ways to new audiences.
Bayesian Reconstruction of Past Land Cover From Pollen Data: Model Robustness and Sensitivity to Auxiliary Variables
Authors: Pirzamanbein Behnaz , Poska Anneli , Lindström Johan
Published: December 2019

Realistic depictions of past land cover are needed to investigate prehistoric environmental changes, effects of anthropogenic deforestation, and long‐term land cover‐climate feedbacks. Observation‐based reconstructions of past land cover are rare, and commonly used model‐based reconstructions exhibit considerable differences. Recently, Pirzamanbein et al. (2018, 10.1016/j.spasta.2018.03.005, Spatial Statistics, 24:14–31) developed a statistical interpolation method that produces spatially complete reconstructions of past land cover from pollen assemblage. These reconstructions incorporate a number of auxiliary data sets raising questions regarding the method's sensitivity to different auxiliary data sets. Here the sensitivity of the method is examined by performing spatial reconstructions for northern Europe during three time periods (1900 CE, 1725 CE, and 4000 BCE). The auxiliary data sets considered include the most commonly utilized sources of past land cover data—for example, estimates produced by a dynamic vegetation model and anthropogenic land cover change models. Five different auxiliary data sets were considered, including different climate data driving the dynamic vegetation model and different anthropogenic land cover change models. The resulting reconstructions were evaluated using cross validation for all the time periods. For the recent time period, 1900 CE, the different land cover reconstructions were also compared against a present day forest map. The validation confirms that the statistical model provides a robust spatial interpolation tool with low sensitivity to differences in auxiliary data and high capacity to capture information in the pollen‐based proxy data. Further auxiliary data with high spatial detail improves model performance for areas with complex topography or few observations.
The Emotional Toll of Climate Change on Science Professionals
Authors: Gilford Daniel , Moser Susanne , DePodwin Becky , Moulton Rebecca , Watson Sarah
Published: December 2019

Earth scientists and communicators dealing with or studying climate change face many potential stressors. They need support and resources to maintain and improve their emotional well-being.
Brain gray matter network organization in psychotic disorders
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Lei Du , Keedy Sarah K. , Ivleva Elena I. , Eum Seenae , Yao Li , Tamminga Carol A. , Clementz Brett A. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Gershon Elliot S. , Bishop Jeffrey R. , Gong Qiyong , Lui Su , Sweeney John A.
Published: December 2019

Abnormal neuroanatomic brain networks have been reported in schizophrenia, but their characterization across patients with psychotic disorders, and their potential alterations in nonpsychotic relatives, remain to be clarified. Participants recruited by the Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes consortium included 326 probands with psychotic disorders (107 with schizophrenia (SZ), 87 with schizoaffective disorder (SAD), 132 with psychotic bipolar disorder (BD)), 315 of their nonpsychotic first-degree relatives and 202 healthy controls. Single-subject gray matter graphs were extracted from structural MRI scans, and whole-brain neuroanatomic organization was compared across the participant groups. Compared with healthy controls, psychotic probands showed decreased nodal efficiency mainly in bilateral superior temporal regions. These regions had altered morphological relationships primarily with frontal lobe regions, and their network-level alterations were associated with positive symptoms of psychosis. Nonpsychotic relatives showed lower nodal centrality metrics in the prefrontal cortex and subcortical regions, and higher nodal centrality metrics in the left cingulate cortex and left thalamus. Diagnosis-specific analysis indicated that individuals with SZ had lower nodal efficiency in bilateral superior temporal regions than controls, probands with SAD only exhibited lower nodal efficiency in the left superior and middle temporal gyrus, and individuals with psychotic BD did not show significant differences from healthy controls. Our findings provide novel evidence of clinically relevant disruptions in the anatomic association of the superior temporal lobe with other regions of whole-brain networks in patients with psychotic disorders, but not in their unaffected relatives, suggesting that it is a disease-related trait. Network disorganization primarily involving frontal lobe and subcortical regions in nonpsychotic relatives may be related to familial illness risk.
A highly Li+-conductive HfNb24O62 anode material for superior Li+ storage
Authors: Fu Qingfeng , Cao Haijie , Liang Guisheng , Luo Lijie , Chen Yongjun , Murugadoss Vignesh , Wu Shide , Ding Tao , Lin Chunfu , Guo Zhanhu
Published: December 2019

Highly Li+-conductive HfNb24O62 is explored as a new intercalation-type anode material for fast-charging, large-capacity, safe and durable Li+ storage.
Crystalline quantum dots of covalent organic frameworks for fast and sensitive detection of uranium
Authors: Zhang Meicheng , Li Yang , Ma Lijian , Guo Xinghua , Li Xiaofeng , Li Kun , Wang Xiaoyan , Xia Chuanqin , Li Shoujian
Published: December 2019

A crystalline quantum dot of a COF was prepared for the first time by original BRB method for fast uranium detection.
Poisson–Boltzmann modeling and molecular dynamics simulations of polyelectrolyte gel diodes in the static regime
Authors: Triandafilidi Vasilii , Hatzikiriakos Savvas G. , Rottler Jörg
Published: December 2019

We compare MD simulations of a model polyelectrolyte gel diode (PGD) to a Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) model. We study the rectifying behaviour at different electrostatic coupling strengths and suggest an updated PB model for improved modelling of PGDs.
Distributed multi‐satellite measurement scheme oriented towards microsatellite formations
Authors: Mo Shiming , Jin Xiaojun , Hu Weiqiang , Zhang Wei , Xu Zhaobin , Jin Zhonghe
Published: December 2019

Existing high‐precision inter‐satellite radio frequency (RF) measurement systems were mostly based on two‐satellite formations, and there lacks further research on measurement schemes for multi‐satellite formations. The frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and the code division multiple access based schemes are widely used, but not applicable for distributed applications due to their poor scalability. The time division multiple access (TDMA) based scheme can overcome this weakness, and has been applied in the global positioning system (GPS) IIR/IIF inter‐satellite link. However, the atomic clock used in GPS is not suitable for microsatellites. If a miniaturised frequency source instead of the atomic clock is utilised, the two way ranging (TWR) method adopted in this system would encounter a sharp decrease of measurement accuracy. To this end, this Letter aims to propose a novel TDMA based distributed RF measurement scheme for multi‐microsatellite formations. A TDMA based distributed broadcast protocol is employed in the media access control layer, closely integrated with the asymmetric double‐sided two‐way ranging method adopted in the physical layer. Numerical and simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme over the conventional TDMA scheme. The proposed scheme can be recommended for future multi‐microsatellite formation missions.
High voltage GaN p‐n diodes formed by selective area regrowth
Authors: Armstrong A.M. , Pickrell G.P. , Allerman A.A. , Crawford M.H. , Glaser C.E. , Smith T. , Abate V.M.
Published: December 2019

GaN p‐n diodes were formed by selective area regrowth on freestanding GaN substrates using a dry etch, followed by post‐etch surface treatment to reduce etch‐induced defects, and subsequent regrowth into wells. Etched‐and‐regrown diodes with a 150 μm diameter achieved 840 V operation at 0.5 A/cm2 reverse current leakage and a specific on‐resistance of 1.2 mΩ·cm2. Etched‐and‐regrown diodes were compared with planar, regrown diodes without etching on the same wafer. Both types of diodes exhibited similar forward and reverse electrical characteristics, which indicate that etch‐induced defectivity of the junction was sufficiently mitigated so as not to be the primary cause for leakage. An area dependence for forward and reverse leakage current density was observed, suggesting that the mesa sidewall provided a leakage path.
Enhancing the lightning performance of overhead transmission lines with optimal EGLA and downstream shield wire placement in mountainous areas: a complete study
Authors: Ahmadi Mahmoud Eshagh , Niasati Mohsen , Barzegar‐Bafrooei Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2019

Service unavailability of transmission lines, particularly in mountain areas due to the direct and indirect lightning strikes, is considered as a challenging issue within electric companies. Therefore, the efforts to mitigate the power outages caused by this phenomenon have been introduced. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the different types of externally gapped line arresters (EGLAs) considering the Pinceti model and discharge voltage curve. Based on the best selected EGLA, the installation effect of EGLA on the possibility of instance back‐flashover in different phases of the transmission line is investigated in the presence of downstream shield wire. For assessment, a double‐circuit 400 kV transmission line in a mountainous area is modelled in EMTP‐RV software. Then, an extensive analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness of this method. The obtained results show the acceptable transmission line direct lightning protection can be achieved by four EGLAs in upper and middle phases with downstream shield wire. Although employing the downstream shield wires in the transmission line imposes more costs, but by using them, the scale and capability of EGLAs can be reduced.
Detecting feeble position oscillations from rotary encoder signal in an industrial robot via singular spectrum analysis
Authors: Ali Algburi Riyadh Nazar , Gao Hongli
Published: December 2019

Position signal faces several weak oscillations due to mechanical flaw and faults occurred in the systems. These oscillations can be identified by the encoders that determine the performance and health condition of the machine. Nevertheless, also the concerned oscillation, rotary encoder signal also includes some measurement noise and a significant trend. These trends are typically of several orders, greater in activities than the involved amplitude oscillations, making it tough to detect the small oscillations except deformation of the signal. In addition, the oscillations can be problematic, and magnitude adjusted in unstable conditions. Singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is proposed to overcome this issue. A numerical emulation is demonstrated to show the efficiency of the approach. It indicates that SSA outperforms ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), empirical mode decomposition, and complete EEMD with adaptive noise in ability and accuracy. Moreover, during the movement of the robotic arm, encoder signals from the robot are analysed to determine the sources of oscillations in joints. The suggested technique is proven to be reliable and feasible for an industrial robot.
Influence of protrusions on the positive switching impulse breakdown voltage of sphere‐plane air gaps in high‐altitude areas
Authors: Lv Fangcheng , Geng Jianghai , Qin Yuchen , Ding Yujian , Yao Xiuyuan , Zhou Songsong , Wang Ping
Published: December 2019

The construction of ultra‐high‐voltage direct‐current power transmission projects in high‐altitude areas calls for the research into the discharge characteristics of the air gaps in the valve hall of a power converter station in such areas. Tests on the switching impulse discharge characteristics of the sphere‐plane air gap were conducted at Yangbajing test base (Tibet, China) at an altitude of 4300 m on conditions that there were burrs on the 1.3 m diameter shield balls. The discharge characteristics, under the influences of burrs with different lengths and locations, were obtained and compared with test data from low‐altitude areas. The results indicate that the arrangements of burrs with different lengths and locations can significantly reduce the switching impulse discharge voltage of sphere‐plane air gaps, while the voltage sag gradually decreased down with increasing burr length. Moreover, the larger the sphere‐plane air gap is, the smaller the influence of such burrs have. High altitude also substantially decreased the switching impulse discharge voltage of the air gap. When the surface of shield balls was smooth, the U50 saturation of the air gap was more significant than at low altitude; however, if there were burrs on the shield balls, the saturation effect was less significant.
Fault analysis in solar–wind microgrid using multi‐resolution analysis and Stockwell transform‐based statistical analysis
Authors: Kar Ray Debopoma , Chattopadhyay Surajit
Published: December 2019

This study deals with the unsymmetrical fault assessment in a solar–wind hybrid microgrid, analysing the grid current signature, multi‐resolution analysis of discrete wavelet transform and Stockwell transform coefficient's statistical analysis‐based best‐fit solution. The recorded grid current at normal and unsymmetrical faults is analysed using these techniques and an algorithm has been developed for effective fault analysis in the grid. Practical validation of the work has been done with the data obtained from the field study and percentage deviations of the optimised results from theoretical calculations have been evaluated. Comparative study of the proposed technique is done with the data collected from the industry to authenticate the effectiveness of the approach.
State estimation based on improved cubature Kalman filter algorithm
Authors: Zhu Jun , Liu Bingchen , Wang Haixing , Li Zihao , Zhang Zhe
Published: December 2019

During the recursive calculate process of the cubature Kalman filter (CKF), the covariance matrix tends to lose positive definiteness and noise statistical characteristics are inaccurate, which results in inaccurate filtering or even filter divergence. This study presents an improved algorithm based on the CKF. The algorithm combines the square root filter algorithm and the Sage–Husa maximum a posterior noise estimator, which can ensure the non‐negative determination and symmetry of the covariance matrix and has the ability to deal with unknown and time‐varying noise statistical characteristics in the filtering process adaptively. In the multi‐dimension system, the noise covariance matrix may dissatisfy non‐negative definiteness and result in filter divergence, and then the noise covariance matrix estimator is improved. The analysis is verified by state estimation example of the non‐linear system, compared with the standard CKF, the accuracy of the adaptive square root CKF (ASRCKF) state estimation is increased by 63.13, 63.88, and 42.71%, respectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the ASRCKF is verified by the state estimation of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor.
Gute Ärzte braucht das Land – eine erfolgreiche
Strategie wider den drohenden Landärztemangel
Authors: Blank Wolfgang A
Published: December 2019

Hintergrund Angesichts eines drohenden Ärztemangels im
ländlichen Raum sind Strategien notwendig, um die daraus folgende
Unterversorgung der dort lebenden Bevölkerung zu verhindern.

Ziel der Arbeit Mit dem innovativen Versorgungsprojekt „Gute
Ärzte braucht das Land“ wird ein multimodales Konzept mit 29
Teilprojekten im strukturschwachen Raum implementiert, mit dem junge
Ärzte längerfristig für die Arbeit im ländlichen
Raum gewonnen werden sollen.

Ergebnisse Im Projektzeitraum konnten 5 Ärzte in Weiterbildung
gewonnen werden, über das Projektende hinaus insgesamt 8, von denen 2
mittlerweile je eine der Projektpraxen übernommen haben. Der Teilbereich
des generationenübergreifenden Arbeitens und Lernens wurde als besonders
wichtig erachtet. Von den 29 Teilprojekten wurden 13 (45%) von den
Teilnehmern als sehr wichtig bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung Mit einem überschaubaren organisatorischen und
hohen personellen Aufwand können junge Ärzte über eine
gezielte individuelle fachliche und persönliche Betreuung auch ihrer
Familie für die Tätigkeit auf dem Land erfolgreich gewonnen
werden.
Psychotherapie für taube Patienten durch hörende Psychotherapeuten mittels Gebärdensprachdolmetscher – ein Systematisches Literaturreview zu Forschungsbefunden und Empfehlungen
Authors: Schmidt Steffi , Metzner Franka
Published: December 2019

In Deutschland haben taube Patienten Anspruch auf Gebärdensprachdolmetscher in der Psychotherapie. Datenbanksuchen ergaben weltweit 1184 Studien zum Thema, von denen 10 in ein systematisches Literaturreview eingeschlossen wurden. Untersucht wurden 1–85 taube Patienten (7–60 J.). Neun Studien zeigten Therapieerfolge. Identifiziert wurden Empfehlungen zu Wissen, Einstellungen, Fähigkeiten und Rahmenbedingungen für hörende Psychotherapeuten und Dolmetscher. Die Datenlage zur Psychotherapie mit Gebärdensprachdolmetscher ist trotz klinischer Relevanz gering und methodisch limitiert.
Hochauflösende Fluoreszenzmikroskopie in lebenden Zellen des Immunsystems unter Raumflugbedingungen
Authors: Thiel Cora S. , Ullrich Oliver
Published: December 2019

Zelluläre Prozesse werden durch Änderungen der Gravitationskraft in vielfältiger Weise dauerhaft beeinflusst. Die Möglichkeit der kontinuierlichen Beobachtung dieser Abläufe ist von großer Relevanz. Die Etablierung und Anwendung von hochauflösender Fluoreszenzmikroskopie im Rahmen des FLUMIAS-Experiments erlaubte kontinuierliche Aufnahmen von lebenden Immunzellen an Bord der Forschungsraketenmission TEXUS-54. Gravitationsbedingte Kurzzeitänderungen der Zellmorphologie sowie des Zellskeletts und assoziierte schnelle zelluläre Anpassungsvorgänge konnten in primären menschlichen Makrophagen identifiziert werden. Die hier vorgestellte Möglichkeit der Echtzeitanalyse kann das Wissen über dynamische zelluläre Reaktionen und Adaptationsprozesse an die Weltraumbedingungen enorm erweitern.
The Correspondence of Parent-Reported Measures of Adolescent Alcohol and Cannabis Use with Adolescent-Reported Measures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Piehler Timothy F. , Lee Sun-Kyung , Stockness Ali , Winters Ken C.
Published: December 2019

Background

Valid assessment of adolescent substance use is important in both research and clinical applications. However, the optimal approach to assessing adolescent use remains controversial, particularly with regard to the use of parent-reported measures.

Methods

Using a systematic review of existing literature, we sought to evaluate the utility of parent measures of adolescent alcohol and cannabis use by examining their correspondence with self-report measures. Furthermore, we investigated study-related variables that may be associated with differing levels of parent –child correspondence. Relevant articles were identified using a systematic search across multiple databases.

Results

The review revealed generally poor agreement between parent and adolescent reports of alcohol and cannabis use. Parents consistently underestimated use and problems associated with use when compared with adolescents. Community-based (versus clinical) samples, reporting regarding alcohol (versus cannabis), and reporting problems associated with use (versus reports of use/nonuse) were each associated with lower levels of parent –child agreement.

Conclusions

Recommendations for the optimal use of parent measures of adolescent substance use are provided.
Barriers and Perceived Usefulness of an ECHO Intervention for Office-Based Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid use Disorder in North Carolina: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Shea Christopher M. , Gertner Alex K. , Green Sherri L.
Published: December 2019

Background

Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (M-OUD) is underutilized, despite research demonstrating its effectiveness in treating opioid use disorder (OUD). The UNC Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes for Rural Primary Care Medication Assisted Treatment (UNC ECHO for MAT) project was designed to evaluate interventions for reducing barriers to delivery of M-OUD by rural primary care providers in North Carolina. A key element was tele-conferenced sessions based on the University of New Mexico Project ECHO model, comprised of case discussions and didactic presentations using a “hub and spoke” model, with expert team members at the hub site and community-based providers participating from their offices (i.e., spoke sites). Although federal funders have promoted use of the model, barriers for providers to participate in ECHO sessions are not well documented.

Methods

UNC ECHO for MAT included ECHO sessions, provider-to-provider consultations, and practice coaching. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews to assess perceived usefulness of the UNC ECHO for MAT intervention, barriers to participation in the intervention, and persistent barriers to prescribing M-OUD.

Results

Participants were generally satisfied with ECHO sessions and provider-to-provider consultations; however, perceived value of practice support was less clear. Primary barriers to participating in ECHO sessions were timing and length of sessions. Participants recommended recording ECHO sessions for viewing later, and some thought incentives for either the practice or provider could facilitate participation. Providers who had participated in ECHO sessions valued the expertise on the expert team; the team's ability to develop a supportive, collegial environment; and the value of a community of providers interested in learning from each other, particularly through case discussions.

Conclusions

Despite the perceived value of ECHO, barriers may prevent consistent participation. Also, barriers to M-OUD delivery remain, including some that ECHO alone cannot address, such as Medicaid and private-insurer policies and availability of psychosocial resources.
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) Expansion of Training to Non-Physician Healthcare Graduate Students: Counseling Psychology, Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, and Physician Assistant Studies
Authors: Scudder Ashley T. , Bucey Janet C. , Loughran Mary Jo , Korach Nicholas , Strong Gabrielle , Anderson Jessica , Doas Michelle , Jameson Sarah , O'Keefe Lea
Published: December 2019

Background

Although Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) has now been disseminated in many areas of the United States (US), much remains to be discovered about the training outcomes of non-physician professional trainees such as nurses, physician assistants, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and psychologists following SBIRT training.

Methods

Training in SBIRT, an evidence-based approach to screening substance use, was embedded into five health science graduate curricula: Physician Assistant Studies, Nursing, Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, and Psychology. The SBIRT curriculum was adapted for each profession to include a brief introductory module addressing SBIRT's relevance for each profession, as well as profession-specific case examples and terminology. Using a nonequivalent group design, participants completed pre-and post-training assessments of substance use related attitudes, perceived competency and knowledge. Data were analyzed using a parametric test to compare pre- and post-differences.

Results

Findings suggest improved attitudes as well as increased perceived competencies and core knowledge following the graduate-curriculum embedded SBIRT training, as well as between group differences on the same variables.

Conclusions

SBIRT training of non-physician healthcare graduate student-trainees is a feasible training activity and results in improved trainee attitudes, perceived competency, and knowledge. SBIRT training embedded into graduate health science curricula offers an early foundation to this well-established, universal screening approach.
Study of factors influencing the invasion of Golden Mussels (Limnoperna fortunei) in water transfer projects
Authors: Zhao Na , Xu Mengzhen , Blanckaert Koen , Qiao Chunhua , Zhou Hanmi , Niu Xiaoli
Published: December 2019

Water transfer projects are effective measures to solve the uneven distribution of water resources in China. However, these projects create highways for Golden Mussels (Limnoperna fortunei), which are aquatic invasive species, to invade new habitats. This has caused a series of problems such as structure corrosion, enhanced flow resistance, pipe blocking, and water pollution. In order to design remediation strategies, it is important to understand the factors influencing the Golden Mussel invasion. This paper investigates the invasion of Golden Mussels in the East River Water Source Project and the Northern Inter-basin Water Transfer project in China. The maximum densities of Golden Mussel attachment in these projects are about 10 000 ind. m−2. Flow velocity was found to be a significant influencing factor: the optimal flow velocity for attachment is in the range of 0.3 to 0.9 m s−1. Water temperature was also an important factor: the water temperature in the cold season influences the density of Golden Mussels and additionally, their growth and shell size are related to food competition between different individuals and water temperature. There was no obvious relationship between the pressure and the attachment density of Golden Mussels. Because all data was obtained during an infrequent pause in the water transfer projects, the data of this study is limited and the conclusions are preliminary descriptive observations. For future management decisions, more rigorous studies should be conducted to develop quantitative models aimed at providing a confident basis for controlling Golden Mussel invasion in water transfer projects.
Characterization of protein, long noncoding RNA and microRNA signatures in extracellular vesicles derived from resting and degranulated mast cells
Authors: Liang Yuting , Huang Sheng , Qiao Longwei , Peng Xia , Li Chong , Lin Kun , Xie Guogang , Li Jia , Lin Lihui , Yin Yue , Liao Huanjin , Li Qian , Li Li
Published: December 2019

Mast cells (MCs) are known to participate in a variety of patho‐physiological processes depending largely on the intragranular mediators and the production of cytokines and chemokines during degranulation. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been implicated important functions for MCs, but the components of MC‐derived EVs have not yet been well‐characterized. In this study, we aimed to identify signatures of proteins, long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) in EVs derived from resting (Rest‐EV) and degranulated (Sti‐EV) MCs by differential ultracentrifugation. Using tandem mass tag (TMT)‐based quantitative proteomics technology and RNA sequencing, we identified a total of 1988 proteins, 397 lncRNAs, and 272 miRNAs in Rest‐EV and Sti‐EV. The proteins include common EVs markers (cytoskeletal proteins), MCs markers (FcεRI and tryptase), and some preformed MCs mediators (lysosomal enzymes) as well. The global expression profiles of lncRNAs and miRNAs identified, for the first time, from Rest‐EV and Sti‐EV, strongly suggest a potential regulatory function of MC‐derived EVs. We have also performed Western blotting and qRT‐PCR analysis to further verify some of the proteins, lncRNAs, and miRNAs identified from Rest‐EV and Sti‐EV. Our findings will help to elucidate the functions of MC‐derived EVs, and provide a reference dataset for future translational studies involving MC‐derived EVs.
Numerical study of heat transfer enhancement in fin and tube heat exchangers using curved semi wavy vortex generators.
Authors: Harikrishnan G , Ebin P S
Published: December 2019

This paper deals with a three dimensional numerical study of heat transfer and pressure drop for fin and tube bank heat exchanger with a vortex generator. A new type of vortex generator, curved semi-wavy vortex generators (CSWVGs) is introduced and compared its performance. The computational domain consists of a small portion between two adjacent fins and air is used as the working fluid. The vortex generators are punched out from the fin surface. the analysis show that with the use of new vortex generators convective heat transfer rate has been increased by increasing the solid to fluid interaction through delaying the boundary layer separation, directing the working fluid to the wake region and bringing vortices into the working fluid. The most favourable position and geometric parameter of the new CSWVGs are found by studying the average Nusselt number and friction factor at various Reynolds ranging from 800 to 2000.
Analysis of the barriers in implementing green supply chain management (GSCM) practices: a hybrid approach
Authors: Sudarshan S V , Priyadarshuan A , Anbuudayasankar S P
Published: December 2019

Green supply chain management (GSCM) is being felt as the need of the day in many industries. This is because of the mounting evidence in favour of global warming and climate change due to human activities. The government is being pressurized by the people and the government in turn pressurizes the industries to adopt green practices. Apart from this there is moral responsibility for the managers of a company to reduce their ecological footprint. Due to these reasons there is a need to implement GSCM practices. As with anything we can observe that there are a lot of barriers that hinder the implementation of green supply chain (GSC) practices. To understand the nature of these barriers a literature survey was conducted on the barriers that affect small and medium scale industries. Fifteen barriers were recognised and literature survey was conducted on the analysis that had previously been done on these barriers. To address these barriers, they have been evaluated using MCDM approaches that are suited for the unique nature of these barriers (i.e., the barriers interact with each other). The effectiveness of removal of each barrier should be considered and should be integrated with a structural model to achieve the goal. For, this purpose SAW, TOPSIS, AHP and ISM have been used.
Heat transfer performance of Al2O3 − ([C4mim][NT f2]) nano-suspension in a 2 − D channel for application in a flat plate solar collector
Authors: Shyam Prasad S , Deepak Selvakumar R
Published: December 2019

IoNanofluids are a recent class of nanotechnology based heat transfer fluids synthesized by suspending nanoparticles in ionic liquids. These IoNanofluids are superior to conventional nanofluids due to their higher thermal stability and are more suitable for high temperature applications. In this study, a numerical analysis of laminar forced convection in a 2-D channel using Al
2
O
3 in ([C4mim][NT f2]) IoNanofluids has been presented. Flow Reynolds number (Re) is varied from 250 to 1000, particle volume fraction ranges from 0 % to 2.5 % and three inlet temperatures of 293 K, 313 K and 333 K have been taken into account. A uniform heat flux of 1000 W m
−2 is applied on the top wall to resemble the scenario in a flat plate solar collector. Governing equations of flow and heat transfer has been solved using a Finite Volume Method based commercial software ANSY S F luent 15.0. Furthermore, unique feature of this study is that the thermo-physical properties of IoNanofluids are considered to be temperature dependent. Results indicate that IoNanofluids provide better cooling than conventional water based coolants. The top surface of the channel experiences a decrease of upto 4 K at an inlet temperature of 333 K. Mean Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficients increase by the addition of nanoparticles to the ionic basefluid. IoNanofluids show better heat transfer enhancement than conventional water based nanofluids at higher temperatures. Hence, it can be concluded that IoNanofluids have a higher potential to be employed in high temperature applications.
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bombyx mori silk fibroin and antibacterial activity
Authors: Harisha K S , Shilpa M , Asha S , Parushuram N , Ranjana R , Narayana B , Sangappa Y
Published: December 2019

In the present work, the stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced in situ in the presence of white light, using aqueous silk fibroin (SF) acquired from Bombyx mori silk. The UV-Visible spectral study explained the production of AgNPs by displaying a distinctive surface plasmon resonance band (SPR) at the wavelength 424 nm. The crystalline nature of the produced AgNPs have been identified using XRD study. Nanocrystalline phase of silver (Ag) with face centered cubic (FCC) structure was observed by XRD. The shape evolution and size of the formed nanoparticles was studied using transmission electron microscope. The captured images shown the formed particle were spherical in shape in morphology, and diameter in the range 35 to 40 nm. In the application part, an attempt was made to evaluate the potential antibacterial activity of the biogenic silver nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria’s such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Optimization of Milling Parameters of Gun Metal Using Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Network Approach
Authors: Sasindran Visnu , Vignesh M , Arvind Krishna S , Madusudhanan A , Gokulachandran J
Published: December 2019

Growing importance is dedicated towards effective pollution control in industries and much attention has been focused on industrial applications and practices that consume large amounts of energy and release carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Hence there is an increasing demand for the introduction of green manufacturing techniques into industries, to reduce carbon usage and improve resource utilization. Besides this, industries are looking for effective analysis to reduce costs, improving productivity and product quality. This report proposes a systematic approach to analyse milling parameters of gunmetal using Computer Numeric Controlled (CNC) vertical milling machine. Milling is one of the most advanced and widely used manufacturing processes. Hence an effective analysis to optimize milling process parameters would have a significant positive impact on manufacturing productivity. In this study two soft computing models have been developed using the results obtained from the conduction of the experiments on gunmetal. The experiment is designed using Taguchi Method and the model development is done using Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach. The results obtained from both the methods are compared and the error is tabulated. The more suitable model developer is suggested to be used in industries to determine optimum machining parameters for better surface finish, minimal power consumption and carbon emission.