bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: BARIUM(ZINC‐TANTALUM) OXIDE (BA(ZN1/3TA2/3)O3) CERAMICS WITH LOW DIELECTRIC LOSS AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES
Authors: KAWASHIMA S. , NISHIDA M. , UEDA I. , OUCHI H.
Published: May 2016

Durch Sintern hergestellte Ba(Zn, /3Ta2/3 )O3‐l(eramiken besitzen geringere Dichte, aber höhere Verlustqualität als bei 1400°C heißgepreßte Keramiken.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL EXCHANGE AND RAMAN LINE BROADENING. THE RATE OF PROTOLYSIS OF NITRIC ACID
Authors: STREHLOW H. , WAGNER I. , HILDEBRANDT P.
Published: May 2016

Es wird eine Theorie der Austauschverbreiterung von Raman‐Linien, die den "schnellen Fall" einschließt, entwickelt, und die Ergebnisse werden mit den ähnlichen Gleichungen für die Kinetik der Linienverbreiterung in der NMR‐Spektroskopie verglichen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOXYLATION OF DIALKOXYAROMATIC COMPOUNDS AND THE DETERMINATION OF ISOMER RATIOS BY NMR SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: ELGY G. M. , JENNINGS W. B. , PEDLER A. E.
Published: May 2016

Die durch elektrochemische Methoxylierung der Diether (I) erhaltenen Produkte (II) (Ausb‐Angaben in g) liegen als Isomerengemische vor, deren Zusammensetzung sich in der angegebenen Reihenfolge zugunsten des trans‐Isomers verschiebt (von 1:1 bis l : 1.20).
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC DIELS‐ALDER REACTION: DESIGN OF CHIRAL DIENOPHILES
Authors: CHOY W. , REED L. A. III , MASAMUNE S.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung der sterisch fixierten Olefine (I) mit Cyclopentadien (II) wird bezüglich ihrer Stereoselektivität untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE REACTION OF LITHIUM ALUMINUM HYDRIDE WITH ALCOHOLS
Authors: HAUBENSTOCK H. , MESTER T. JUN.
Published: May 2016

Lithiumalanat (I) wird mit drei Moläquiv. verschiedener Alkoholen (II) umgesetzt und dann zur Hydrierung des Trimethylcyclohexanons (III) eingesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: BIOSYNTHESIS OF VALINE AND ISOLEUCINE: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF (2S)‐α‐ACETOLACTIC ACID (2‐HYDROXY‐2‐METHYL‐3‐OXOBUTANOIC ACID), AND (2R)‐ AND (2S)‐α‐ACETOHYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID (2‐ETHYL‐2‐HYDROXY‐3‐OXOBUTANOIC ACID)
Authors: ARMSTRONG F. B. , LIPSCOMB E. L. , CROUT D. H. G. , MITCHELL M. B. , PRAKASH S. R.
Published: May 2016

Im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen zur Biosynthese von Valin bzw. Isoleucin werden die Titelverbindungen (VI) synthetisiert; von diesen wirken nur die (S)‐Verbindungen als Substrate für die Reduktoisomerase von Salmonella typhimurium.
ChemInform Abstract: SULFUR ANALOGS OF PSYCHOTOMIMETIC AGENTS. 2. ANALOGS OF (2,5‐DIMETHOXY‐4‐METHYLPHENYL)‐ AND OF (2,5‐DIMETHOXY‐4‐ETHYLPHENYL)ISOPROPYLAMINE
Authors: JACOB P. III , SHULGIN A. T.
Published: May 2016

Die Benzaidehyde (I), deren Darstellung beschrieben wird, kondensieren mit Nitroethan zu 61 den Nitrostyrolen (II), deren Reduktion die Amine (III) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: New Methods and Reagents in Organic Synthesis. Part 33. Reductive Desulfonylation of 2‐Aryl‐2‐benzylsulfonylacetates and ‐propionates with Sodium Amalgam. A New Synthesis of 2‐Arylacetic and 2‐Arylpropionic Acids.
Authors: KUO Y.‐C. , AOYAMA T. , SHIORI T.
Published: May 2016

Die 2‐Aryl‐2‐benzolsulfonyl‐carbonsäureester (I) werden mit Natrium‐Amalgam zu den Phenylessigsäuren (III) reduktiv desulfoniert.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐DIAMINO‐5‐BENZYLPYRIMIDINES AND ANALOGS AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS. 6. A ONE‐STEP SYNTHESIS OF NEW TRIMETHOPRIM DERIVATIVES AND ACTIVITY ANALYSIS BY MOLECULAR MODELING
Authors: STUART A. , PATERSON T. , ROTH B. , AIG E.
Published: May 2016

Die Kondensation des Alkohols (I) mit Phenol zur Verbindung (II) wird unter verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: Brom‐ und Iodmercurierung von 8‐Trifluoracetoxyquecksilber‐Derivaten des Theophyllins und Theobromins.
Authors: SKUL'SKI L. , VROCHIN'SKI P.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem N‐Acetyltheophyllin (I) wird durch Umsetzung mit Quecksilbertrifluoracetat in Trifluoressigsäure/Trifluoracetanhydrid das 8‐Trifluoracetoxyquecksilber‐Derivat (II) gebildet, das mit Wasser unter Abspaltung der Acetyhruppe das 8‐Trifluoracetoxyquecksilber‐thiophyllin (III) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CYCLOADDITION OF α‐NITROSOSTYRENES TO OLEFINS. INVESTIGATIONS OF THE SCOPE AND MECHANISM OF THE REACTION
Authors: DAVIES D. E. , GILCHRIST T. L. , ROBERTS T. G.
Published: May 2016

Die Cycloaddition der in situ aus den Vorstufen ( II) gebildeten Nitrosostyrole ( III) an verschiedene Olefine (I) bzw. (VI) führt zu den Cycloaddukten (IV) [(IVc) entsteht im Gemisch mit dem Isomeren (V) (Ausb. für das Gemisch in Klammern)] bzw. (VII)bzw. (VIII) [Legende wie für (I);(VIIIe), (VIIIf), (VIIIg) entstehen jeweils im Gemisch mit den Isomeren (IXa), (IXb).bzw. (IXC); außer (VIIIa), (VIIIb), (VIIIc) werden ferner die Nebenprodukte (Xa), (Xb) (Isomerengemisch) bzw. (Xc) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHORYLATION OF N‐VINYLACETANILIDE WITH PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE
Authors: ROZINOV V. G. , IZHBOLDINA L. P. , MALYSHEVA S. F. , DONSKIKH V. I. , KALABINA A. V.
Published: May 2016

Das N‐Vinyl‐acetanilid (I) bildet mit Phosphorpentachlorid das Salz (II), das mit Schwefeldioxid das N‐PhenyI‐N‐ac,etyl‐aminoethenyI‐phosphonsäure‐dichlorid (III) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: DIALKYLPHOSPHINOTETRAMETHYLENEOXONIUM IODIDES
Authors: GOMELYA N. D. , FESHCHENKO N. G. , MATYUSHA A. G.
Published: May 2016

Dialkylphosphino‐tetramethylen‐oxonium‐iodide.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION UPON RATES OF REACTIONS. PART 11. METAL ION CATALYZED RATES OF AQUATION OF PENTAAMMINEOXALATOCOBALT(III)
Authors: ABDULLAH P. B. , MONK C. B.
Published: May 2016

Die Geschwindigkeitskoeffizienten der Metall‐Oxalato‐Ionenpaarung werden bestimmt aus den Daten der Geschwindigkeitskoeffizienten der Aquotisierung des Titelkomplexes in Metall‐ Salzlösung bei 60°C und den Assoziationskonstanten der Ionenpaare, die zwischen einer Reihe zweiwertiger Metalle (Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Mg) und dem zweiwertigen Anion im Titelkomplex gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: EPR AND ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF REMOTE RING SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS IN THE COORDINATION OF DIOXYGEN TO (THIO IMINATO)‐ AND (KETO IMINATO)COBALT(II) PYRIDINE COMPLEXES
Authors: ROBERTS D. A. , BUSH J. M. , TSAO Y.‐Y. , KATOVIC V. , FORTMAN J. J. , CUMMINGS S. C.
Published: May 2016

EPR‐Spektren der fünffach‐koordinierten Monopyridin‐Komplexe (I) und ihrer 1:1‐Addukte (II) mit O, werden ermittelt und diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE COMPOSITION OF METHYLCOPPER(I) SPECIES IN SOLUTION. A PROTON NMR STUDY
Authors: WESTMIJZE H. , GEORGE A. V. E. , VERMEER P.
Published: May 2016

Die Zusammensetzung der aus Cu(1)‐halogeniden und MeM (M: Li, MgHa1 oder 1/2 Mg) in THF gebildeten Methyl‐(.′u(l)‐Verbindungen werden mittels ′HNMR‐Spektroskopie untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANALGESIC PROPERTIES OF TWO LEUCINE‐ENKEPHALIN ANALOGS CONTAINING A CONFORMATIONALLY RESTRAINED N‐TERMINAL TYROSINE RESIDUE
Authors: DEEKS T. , CROOKS P. A. , WAIGH R. D.
Published: May 2016

Dargestellt und auf ogioide Wirkung untersucht werden die Leu‐enkephalin‐Analoga (I).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON LACTAMS. PART 65. SYNTHESIS OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE β‐LACTAMS FROM SERINYLPHENYLSERINE. A CONVENIENT ROUTE TO NOCARDICINS AND MONOBACTAMS
Authors: SAHU D. P. , MASHAVA P. , MANHAS M. S. , BOSE A. K.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Behandlung mit Azodicarbonsäureester und Triphenylphosphjn werden N‐geschützte Serinylphenylserinester wie (I) zu den entsprechenden β‐Lactamen wie (II) cyclisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF CLF6BF4
Authors: CHRISTE K. O. , WILSON W. W.
Published: May 2016

Die erfolgreiche Synthese von ClF6BF4 durch die metathetische Reaktion A und seine relativ gute thermische Stabilität (stabil bei 20°C, langsame Zers. unter dynamischem Vakuum bei 70°C) bestätigt die frühere Voraussage einer ungewöhnlichen Stabilität von Salzen mit koordinativ gesättigten Kationen.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMS OF LIGAND BINDING TO PENTACOORDINATE PROTOHEME
Authors: OLSON J. S. , MCKINNIE E. , MIMS M. P. , WHITE D. K.
Published: May 2016

Kinetik und Gleichgewichtsparameter der Bindung von l 1 Alkylisocyaniden R‐NC (R: ‐(CH2)"‐CH3 mit n: 0‐5, ferner R: ‐iPr, ‐iBu, ‐tBu, ‐sBu, ‐CH2‐Ph und Cyclohexyl) an Protohäm‐mono‐3‐(1‐imidazoyl)‐propylamid‐monomethylester in Benzol und in wäßriger 2proz. Myristyltrimethylammoniumbromid‐Lösung bei 20°C wurden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: GROUND‐ AND EXCITED‐STATE CARBOXYLATE RADICAL CHAIN CARRIERS. RADICAL CHAIN SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS WITH ACYL HYPOHALITES
Authors: SKELL P. S. , MAY D. D.
Published: May 2016

Bei ‐78°C enthalten die Reaktionsgemische, die aus der photoinduzierten Decarboxylierung von in kristallinem Zustand höchst exglosivem Acetylhypobrornit (Ia) hervorgehen, neben den Hunsdiecker‐ Produkten (IIa) und CO, (Ausb. 90%) auch die Substitutionsprodukte (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: THE TETRAHYDROPYRANYL ETHER OF (E)‐3‐BROMO‐3‐TRIMETHYLSILYL‐2‐PROPEN‐1‐OL, A SINGLE SYNTHON FOR THE (E)‐β‐FORMYLVINYL ANION AND CATION
Authors: MILLER R. B. , AL‐HASSAN M. I.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Silylacetylen (I) erhält man nach Hydrierung und Bromierung das Trimethylsilyl‐vinylbromid (II), dessen Brom‐Atom mit sBu‐Li und Alkylierungsmitteln zu (IVa) und (IVb) substitu‐ iert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: TOWARD TRICYCLO(2.2.2.2)DECANE. 1. (N.2.2.2)PADDLANE SYSTEMS, N = 10‐14
Authors: EATON P. E. , LEIPZIG B. D.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion der Komponenten (I) und (II) gibt (in wenn auch geringer Ausb.) das [l4.2.2.2]Paddlandion (III) [daneben das Bis‐Derivat "(IV)].
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF 1,1‐DISUBSTITUTED HYDRAZINES
Authors: MURAKAMI Y. , YOKOYAMA Y. , SASAKURA C. , TAMAGAWA M.
Published: May 2016

Die aus den sekundären Aminen (I) mit Natriumcyanat (II) hergestellten Harnstoffe (III) gehen bei der Behandlung mit Natriumhypochlorit in Natronlauge in die Hydrazine (IV) über.
ChemInform Abstract: DIASTEREOSELECTIVITY IN THE RHODIUM‐CATALYZED HYDROFORMYLATION OF (+)(R)‐1‐PHENYLETHYL VINYL ETHER
Authors: LAZZARONI R. , PUCCI S. , BERTOZZI S. , PINI D.
Published: May 2016

Die Hydroformylierung der Olefine (Ia) und (Ib) führt zu den Aldehyden (II) und (III) bzw. (IV) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: THE PHOTOLYSIS OF 2‐PHENYLTETRAZOLE
Authors: KOGA N. , KOGA G. , SPRINGER J. P. , ARISON B. H. , ANSELME J.‐P.
Published: May 2016

Das Phenyltetrazol (1) ergibt bei der Photolyse Phenylcyanamid (II) und das Hydrazon (111).
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIC PHOSPHONIC‐CARBOXYLIC IMIDES AND ANHYDRIDES AS REACTIVE INTERMEDIATES. 1. REARRANGEMENT AND SOLVOLYSIS OF N‐(AMINO(METHYL)PHOSPHINYL)‐L‐PHENYLALANINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: JACOBSEN N. E. , BARTLETT P. A.
Published: May 2016

Strukturelle, kinetische und stereochemische Beweise werden erbracht für die intermediäre Bildung der cyclischen Produkte (II) und (V) bei der Hydrolyse der Titelverbindungen (I) oder (VII) mit NaOH, die zu dem Carboxamid (III) und dem Dianion (VI) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: COFACIAL ASSEMBLY OF PARTIALLY OXIDIZED METALLAMACROCYCLES AS AN APPROACH TO CONTROLLING LATTICE ARCHITECTURE IN LOW‐DIMENSIONAL MOLECULAR SOLIDS. CHEMICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE “FACE‐TO‐FACE” POLYMER (M(PHTHALOCYANINATO)O)N, WHERE M = SI, GE, AND SN
Authors: DIRK C. W. , INABE T. , SCHOCH K. F. JUN. , MARKS T. J.
Published: May 2016

Die wie aufgezeichnet synthetisierten Polymeren (V) werden durch Elektronen‐ und IR‐Spektren, Bestimmung von Molgewichten als Funktion der Polymerisationsprozedur und Röntgendiffraktionsmessungen an sorgfältig ausgewählten Modellverbindungen charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: The Novel Reaction of Metal‐Metal Triple‐Bonded Complexes and Nitro Compounds. Decarbonylation and the Formation of High Oxidation State Molybdenum and Tungsten Complexes Bearing Bridging and Terminal Oxygen Ligands.
Authors: ALPER H. , PETRIGNANI J.‐F. , EINSTEIN F. W. B. , WILLIS A. C.
Published: May 2016

Die äquimolare Umsetzung der aus entsprechenden Cyclopentadienyl‐tricarbonyl‐Dimeren in siedendem Toluol erzeugten Dicarbonyl‐Dimeren (I) (M≡M) mit den aromatischen Nitro‐Verbindungen (II) führt unter CO‐Eliminierung zu den μ‐Oxo‐μ‐nitren‐bis‐[oxocyclo‐pentadienylmetall]‐Komplexen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN DINITROGEN COMPLEXES. 18. PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL μ3‐DINITROGEN MIXED METAL COMPLEXES
Authors: TAKAHASHI T. , KODAMA T. , WATAKABE A. , UCHIDA Y. , HIDAI M.
Published: May 2016

Die Behandlung des cis‐Bis‐ldistickstoffl‐W‐Komplexes (II) mit zwei Moläquiv. Al‐trichlorid oder ‐bromid und nachfolgend mit einem Moläquiv. Triethylamin führt zur Bildung der neuen pa‐N2‐Komplexe (I) als Benzol‐Disolvate.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF ((DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)CYCLOPENTADIENYL)THALLIUM AND ITS UTILITY IN THE SYNTHESIS OF HETEROBIMETALLIC TITANIUM‐MANGANESE COMPLEXES: THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF (η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)DICARBONYL((η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)(η5‐(DIPHENYLP# HOSPHINO)CYCLOPENTADIENYL)DICHLOROTITANIUM‐P)MANGANESE
Authors: RAUSCH M. D. , EDWARDS B. H. , ROGERS R. D. , ATWOOD J. L.
Published: May 2016

Das aus Chlorodiphenylphosphin und TI‐cyclopentadienid gebildete Phosphinocyclopentadien (I) reagiert in situ mit Tl‐ethoxid zu der Cyclopentadienyl‐Tl‐Verbindung (II).
ChemInform Abstract: IRON(II) OCTAETHYLCHLORINE: STRUCTURE AND LIGAND AFFINITY COMPARISON WITH ITS PORPHYRIN AND ISOBACTERIOCHLORIN HOMOLOGS
Authors: STRAUSS S. H. , SILVER M. E. , IBERS J. A.
Published: May 2016

Als erste Strukturbestimmung eines Eisen‐ Chlorins wird die von trans‐7,8‐Dihydro‐2,3,7,8, l 2,13, l 7,1 8‐octaethylporphyrinatoeisen röntgendiffraktometrisch bei ‐150°C ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF 1,1′‐FERROCENYLDIAMINES
Authors: BUTLER I. R. , CULLEN W. R.
Published: May 2016

Die durch Friedel‐Crafts‐Acylierung von Ferrocen (I) durch die Acylchloride (II)′leicht zugänglichen Acylferrocene (III) lassen sich mit LiAlH4 zu den Carbinolen (IV) reduzieren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND DECAY KINETICS OF TRICARBONYLDINITROGENNICKEL (NI(CO)3N2) IN LIQUID KRYPTON: APPROXIMATE DETERMINATION OF THE NICKEL‐DINITROGEN (NI‐N2) BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGY
Authors: TURNER J. J. , SIMPSON M. B. , POLIAKOFF M. , MAIER W. B. II
Published: May 2016

Die UV‐Photolyse von Ni(CO)4 in Ng‐gedoptem flüssigem Kr in einer speziellen Hochdruckzelle liefert die instabile Titelverbindung.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLIFIED SYNTHESIS OF 8‐SUBSTITUTED PURINE NUCLEOSIDES VIA LITHIATION OF 6‐CHLORO‐9‐(2,3‐O‐ISOPROPYLIDENE‐β‐D‐RIBOFURANOSYL)PURINE
Authors: TANAKA H. , UCHIDA Y. , SHINOZAKI N. , HAYAKAWA H. , MATSUDA A. , MIYASAKA T.
Published: May 2016

6‐Chlor‐9‐isopropylidenribofuranosyl‐purin (I) wird zweifach lithiiert zu (II) und mit Carbonylverbindungen (III) in 8‐Stellung zu (IV) substituiert.
Digital holographic microscopy as screening tool for cervical cancer preliminary study
Authors: Benzerdjeb Nazim , Garbar Christian , Camparo Philippe , Sevestre Henri
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

The liquid‐based cytology Papanicolaou (Pap) test has gradually replaced the conventional Pap test, as it seems to be more efficient, in part because it uses computer assistance. However, Pap test diagnoses are still subjective and are cost‐consuming or time‐consuming. The authors describe a new digital holographic microscopy instrument and accompanying software. This technology provides an instantaneous, 3‐dimensional image reconstruction of cells directly from the uterine cervical sample vial.

METHODS

Analyses were performed using the proprietary digital holographic microscopy (DHM) instrument, computer, and software. Residual materials from 3 randomly chosen laboratories were analyzed and subjected to DHM, and the sensitivity and specificity of DHM were calculated for the detection neoplasia.

RESULTS

In 41 specimens that yielded normal Pap test results, 1333 cells were analyzed using DHM; and, in 30 specimens that yielded abnormal Pap test results, 494 cells were analyzed using DHM. Available histologic correlation was as follows: 4 histologic samples were diagnosed as grade 1 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (corresponding to 2 cytologic diagnoses of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 2 cytologic diagnoses of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance), 4 histologic samples were diagnosed as grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (corresponding to 2 cytologic diagnoses of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 2 cytologic diagnosis of atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), and 11 lesions were diagnosed as benign. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the best criteria were the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio (area under the curve, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.68‐1.00) and the greatest nuclear dimension (area under the curve, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.66‐1.00).

CONCLUSIONS

This preliminary study demonstrated for the first time that the DHM technique is suitable for the processing of gynecologic cervical samples. Nevertheless, DHM criteria and parameters could be better defined. Hopefully, holographic analysis will be performed automatically and will provide an instantaneous, cost‐effective diagnosis from a closed vial with the preservation of all cellular material. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:573‐80. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Multielectrode Array (MEA) Assay for Profiling Electrophysiological Drug Effects in Human Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Clements Mike
Published: May 2016

More relevant and reliable preclinical cardiotoxicity tests are required to improve drug safety and reduce the cost of drug development. Human stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hSC‐CMs) provide a potential model for the development of superior assays for preclinical drug safety screening. One such hSC‐CM assay that has shown significant potential for enabling more predictive drug cardiac risk assessment is the MEA assay. The Multi‐electrode Array (MEA) assay is an electrophysiology‐based technique that uses microelectrodes embedded in the culture surface of each well to measure fluctuations in extracellular field potential (FP) generated from spontaneously beating hSC‐CMs. Perturbations to the recorded FP waveform can be used as an unbiased method of predicting the identity of ion channel(s) impacted on drug exposure. Here, a higher throughput MEA assay using hSC‐CMs in 48‐well MEA plates is described for profiling compound‐induced effects on cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. Techniques for preparing hSC‐CM monolayers in MEA plates and methods to contextualize MEA assay experimental results are also covered. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Disturbance gradient shows logging affects plant functional groups more than fire
Authors: Blair David P. , McBurney Lachlan M. , Blanchard Wade , Banks Sam C. , Lindenmayer David B.
Published: May 2016

Understanding the impacts of natural and human disturbances on forest biota is critical for improving forest management. Many studies have examined the separate impacts on fauna and flora of wildfire, conventional logging, and salvage logging, but empirical comparisons across a broad gradient of simultaneous disturbances are lacking. We quantified species richness and frequency of occurrence of vascular plants, and functional group responses, across a gradient of disturbances that occurred concurrently in 2009 in the mountain ash forests of southeastern Australia. Our study encompassed replicated sites in undisturbed forest (~70 yr post fire), forest burned at low severity, forest burned at high severity, unburned forest that was clearcut logged, and forest burned at high severity that was clearcut salvage logged post‐fire. All sites were sampled 2 and 3 yr post fire. Mean species richness decreased across the disturbance gradient from 30.1 species/site on low‐severity burned sites and 28.9 species/site on high‐severity burned sites, to 25.1 species/site on clearcut sites and 21.7 species/site on salvage logged sites. Low‐severity burned sites were significantly more species‐rich than clearcut sites and salvage logged sites; high‐severity burned sites supported greater species richness than salvage logged sites. Specific traits influenced species' sensitivity to disturbance. Resprouting species dominated undisturbed mountain ash forests, but declined significantly across the gradient. Fern and midstory trees decreased significantly in frequency of occurrence across the gradient. Ferns (excluding bracken) decreased from 34% of plants in undisturbed forest to 3% on salvage logged sites. High‐severity burned sites supported a greater frequency of occurrence and species richness of midstory trees compared to clearcut and salvage logged sites. Salvage logging supported fewer midstory trees than any other disturbance category, and were distinctly different from clearcut sites. Plant life form groups, including midstory trees, shrubs, and ferns, were dominated by very few species on logged sites. The differences in biotic response across the gradient of natural and human disturbances have significant management implications, particularly the need to reduce mechanical disturbance overall and to leave specific areas with no mechanical disturbance across the cut area during logging operations, to ensure the persistence of resprouting taxa.
Linking landscape‐scale differences in forage to ungulate nutritional ecology
Authors: Proffitt Kelly M. , Hebblewhite Mark , Peters Wibke , Hupp Nicole , Shamhart Julee
Published: May 2016

Understanding how habitat and nutritional condition affect ungulate populations is necessary for informing management, particularly in areas experiencing carnivore recovery and declining ungulate population trends. Variations in forage species availability, plant phenological stage, and the abundance of forage make it challenging to understand landscape‐level effects of nutrition on ungulates. We developed an integrated spatial modeling approach to estimate landscape‐level elk (Cervus elaphus) nutritional resources in two adjacent study areas that differed in coarse measures of habitat quality and related the consequences of differences in nutritional resources to elk body condition and pregnancy rates. We found no support for differences in dry matter digestibility between plant samples or in phenological stage based on ground sampling plots in the two study areas. Our index of nutritional resources, measured as digestible forage biomass, varied among land cover types and between study areas. We found that altered plant composition following fires was the biggest driver of differences in nutritional resources, suggesting that maintaining a mosaic of fire history and distribution will likely benefit ungulate populations. Study area, lactation status, and year affected fall body fat of adult female elk. Elk in the study area exposed to lower summer range nutritional resources had lower nutritional condition entering winter. These differences in nutritional condition resulted in differences in pregnancy rate, with average pregnancy rates of 89% for elk exposed to higher nutritional resources and 72% for elk exposed to lower nutritional resources. Summer range nutritional resources have the potential to limit elk pregnancy rate and calf production, and these nutritional limitations may predispose elk to be more sensitive to the effects of harvest or predation. Wildlife managers should identify ungulate populations that are nutritionally limited and recognize that these populations may be more impacted by recovering carnivores or harvest than populations inhabiting more productive summer habitats.
Toward determining fat quality parameters of fish oil by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Giese Editha , Winkelmann Ole , Rohn Sascha , Fritsche Jan
Published: May 2016

The consumption of fish oil‐based dietary supplements has increased dramatically in recent years, which is mainly due to their high content of health promoting omega‐3 fatty acids. However, these polyunsaturated fatty acids are extremely prone to oxidation. This study investigated the potential of 1H NMR spectroscopy for the assessment of the oxidative deterioration of fish oils. Nine raw fish oils of different fish species were stored for 3 months at room temperature at different degrees of sunlight exposure as well as under standardized accelerated storage conditions for 6 days (at 40°C and under constant light exposure). Fish oil samples were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as by traditional methods to determine the fat quality parameters peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AnV), TOTOX value, and acid value (AV). PLS (partial least squares) regression models were used to predict these fat quality parameters based on the 1H NMR spectra. The best regression models reached an R2 of 0.949, 0.962, 0.991, and 0.977 for PV, AnV, TOTOX value, and AV, respectively. In conclusion, 1H NMR spectroscopy is a promising approach for a fast, reliable, and sustainable assessment of fish oil quality with regard to lipid oxidation.

Practical applications: The results indicate a great potential of 1H NMR spectroscopy in the quality assessment of fish oils. This technology requires little time, work, amount of sample, and solvent and provides extensive information that can be obtained from a single spectrum. Such an approach is significantly more specific and detailed than traditional lipid oxidation parameters.

Nine raw fish oils are stored under different conditions and analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as by traditional methods to determine the lipid quality parameters peroxide value, anisidine value, TOTOX value, and acid value. Subsequently, PLS regression models are generated to predict these indices from the NMR spectra.
Chemical Synthesis of K48‐Linked Diubiquitin by Incorporation of a Lysine‐Linked Auxiliary Handle
Authors: Xie Rui‐Long , Xu Ling , Li Jia‐Bin , Chu Guo‐Chao , Wang Tao , Huang Yi‐Chao , Li Yi‐Ming
Published: May 2016

We synthesized a lysine‐linked auxiliary‐derived building block, ϵ‐N‐2‐mercapto‐1‐(2,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl lysine, in 20 % isolated yield over a six‐step route. The new building block is well compatible with Fmoc solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and hydrazide‐based native chemical ligation (NCL). Furthermore, we successfully incorporated the new lysine‐linked auxiliary handle into a protein segment and performed the chemical synthesis of K48‐linked diubiquitin with stepwise NCL.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrocarboxylation of Olefins with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kawashima Shingo , Aikawa Kohsuke , Mikami Koichi
Published: May 2016

The catalytic hydrocarboxylation of styrenes derivatives and α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds with CO2 (101.3 kPa) in the presence of an air‐stable rhodium catalyst was explored. The combination of [RhCl(cod)]2 (cod = cyclooctadiene) as a catalyst and diethylzinc as a hydride source allowed for effective hydrocarboxylation and provided the corresponding α‐aryl carboxylic acids in moderate to excellent yields. In this catalytic process with carbon dioxide, intervention of the RhI–H species, which could be generated from the RhI catalyst and diethylzinc, was clarified. Significantly, the catalytic asymmetric hydrocarboxylation of α,β‐unsaturated esters with carbon dioxide was also performed by employing a cationic rhodium complex possessing (S)‐(–)‐4,4′‐bi‐1,3‐benzodioxole‐5,5′‐diylbis(diphenylphosphine) [(S)‐SEGPHOS] as a chiral diphosphine ligand. A plausible model for asymmetric induction was proposed by determination of the absolute configuration of the product.
Bioswales reduce contaminants associated with toxicity in urban storm water
Authors: Anderson Brian S. , Phillips Bryn M. , Voorhees Jennifer P. , Siegler Katie , Tjeerdema Ronald
Published: May 2016

Contamination and toxicity associated with urban storm water runoff are a growing concern because of the potential impacts on receiving systems. California water regulators are mandating implementation of green infrastructure as part of new urban development projects to treat storm water and increase infiltration. Parking lot bioswales are low impact development practices that promote filtering of runoff through plants and soil. Studies have demonstrated that bioswales reduce concentrations of suspended sediments, metals, and hydrocarbons. There have been no published studies evaluating how well these structures treat current-use pesticides, and studies have largely ignored whether bioswales reduce toxicity in surface water. Three storms were monitored at 3 commercial and residential sites, and reductions of contaminants and associated toxicity were quantified. Toxicity testing showed that the majority of untreated storm water samples were toxic to amphipods (Hyalella azteca) and midges (Chironomus dilutus), and toxicity was reduced by the bioswales. No samples were toxic to daphnids (Ceriodaphnia dubia) or fish (Pimephales promelas). Contaminants were significantly reduced by the bioswales, including suspended solids (81% reduction), metals (81% reduction), hydrocarbons (82% reduction), and pyrethroid pesticides (74% reduction). The single exception was the phenypyrazole pesticide fipronil, which showed inconsistent treatment. The results demonstrate these systems effectively treat contaminated storm water associated with surface water toxicity but suggest that modifications of their construction may be required to treat some contaminant classes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3124–3134. © 2016 SETAC
Development and application of the SSD approach in scientific case studies for ecological risk assessment
Authors: Del Signore Anastasia , Hendriks A. Jan , Lenders H.J. Rob , Leuven Rob S.E.W. , Breure A.M.
Published: May 2016

Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are used in ecological risk assessment for extrapolation of the results of toxicity tests with single species to a toxicity threshold considered protective of ecosystem structure and functioning. The attention to and importance of the SSD approach has increased in scientific and regulatory communities since the 1990s. Discussion and criticism have been triggered on the concept of the approach as well as its technical aspects (e.g., distribution type, number of toxicity endpoints). Various questions remain unanswered, especially with regard to different endpoints, statistical methods, and protectiveness of threshold levels, for example. In the present literature review (covering the period 2002–2013), case studies are explored in which the SSD approach was applied, as well as how endpoint types, species choice, and data availability affect SSDs. How statistical methods may be used to construct reliable SSDs and whether the lower 5th percentile hazard concentrations (HC5s) from a generic SSD can be protective for a specific local community are also investigated. It is shown that estimated protective concentrations were determined by taxonomic groups rather than the statistical method used to construct the distribution. Based on comparisons between semifield and laboratory-based SSDs, the output from a laboratory SSD was protective of semifield communities in the majority of studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2149–2161. © 2016 SETAC
Tri‐orthogonal polarization diversity for 5G networks
Authors: Lawrence Nicholas P. , Hansen Hedley , Abbott Derek
Published: May 2016

Millimetre‐waves offer the possibility of wide bandwidth and consequently high‐data rate for wireless communications. For both uni‐polarised and dual‐polarised systems, signals sent over a link may suffer severe degradation because of antenna misalignment. Orientation robustness may be enhanced by the use of mutual orthogonality in three dimensions. Multiple‐input multiple‐output polarisation diversity offers a way of improving signal reception without the limitations associated with spatial diversity. Scattering effects often assist propagation through multipath. However, high‐path loss is often considered to limit millimetre‐wave propagation, thereby reducing any reception enhancement through scattering. We show that the inclusion of a third orthogonal dipole at a frequency of commercial interest provides antenna orientation robustness in this setting, as well as improved performance in a rich scattering environment, by means of a Ricean fading channel model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Actionable knowledge for ecological intensification of agriculture
Authors: Geertsema Willemien , Rossing Walter AH , Landis Douglas A , Bianchi Felix JJA , van Rijn Paul CJ , Schaminée Joop HJ , Tscharntke Teja , van der Werf Wopke
Published: May 2016

Ecological intensification of agriculture (EI) aims to conserve and promote biodiversity and the sustainable use of associated ecosystem services to support resource‐efficient production. In many cases EI requires fundamental changes in farm and landscape management as well as the organizations and institutions that support agriculture. Ecologists can facilitate EI by engaging with stakeholders and, in the process, by generating “actionable knowledge” (that is, knowledge that specifically supports stakeholder decision making and consequent actions). Using three case studies as examples, we propose four principles whereby science can improve the delivery of actionable knowledge for EI: (1) biodiversity conservation helps to ensure the delivery of ecosystem services, (2) management of ecosystem services benefits from a landscape‐scale approach, (3) ecosystem service trade‐offs and synergies need to be articulated, and (4) EI is associated with complex social dynamics involving farmers, governments, researchers, and related institutions. These principles have the potential to enhance adoption of EI, but institutional and policy challenges remain.
Intelligent, Safe, Respectful
Authors: Kolb Andreas , Köhler Christian
Published: May 2016

Detecting explosives, making driving safer, assisting with emergency rescue — sensors are being used in more applications all the time. Researchers are now developing automated systems that support users without intruding on their privacy.
Oceanic mantle gravimetric response to the seafloor spreading of the Southwest Sub‐basin, South China Sea
Authors: Lü Chuanchuan , Hao Tianyao , Yao Yongjian , Xing Jian , Qiu Xuelin
Published: May 2016

The residual mantle gravity anomaly (RMA) is a straightforward response of the deep mantle structure of the lithosphere. We acquired RMA from newly updated free‐air gravity anomaly by incorporating abundant geophysical evidences, such as the International Ocean Drilling Program expedition 349, the interpretation of 10 seismic profiles and the bathymetric data in the Southwest Sub‐basin (SWSB) of the South China Sea. By inverting the crustal thickness by the application of the isostatic flexure analysis, comparing with ocean bottom seismic tomography result, then determining a detail crustal thickness of the study region, we calculated the RMA of the oceanic basin in the SWSB. The main features of the RMA and their relation to the palaeo‐spreading pattern are discussed, and the implications of the asymmetric lithospheric deformation due to variations in melt extraction are proposed. In the light of the asymmetric RMA at the north and south sides of the fossil spreading centre in the SWSB, we preferred asymmetric melt retention depth and extraction rate changes during the oceanic lithosphere creation of the South China Sea. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PreSMA stimulation changes task‐free functional connectivity in the fronto‐basal‐ganglia that correlates with response inhibition efficiency
Authors: Xu Benjamin , Sandrini Marco , Wang Wen‐Tung , Smith Jason F. , Sarlls Joelle E. , Awosika Oluwole , Butman John A. , Horwitz Barry , Cohen Leonardo G.
Published: May 2016

Previous work using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) demonstrated that the right presupplementary motor area (preSMA), a node in the fronto‐basal‐ganglia network, is critical for response inhibition. However, TMS influences interconnected regions, raising the possibility of a link between the preSMA activity and the functional connectivity within the network. To understand this relationship, we applied single‐pulse TMS to the right preSMA during functional magnetic resonance imaging when the subjects were at rest to examine changes in neural activity and functional connectivity within the network in relation to the efficiency of response inhibition evaluated with a stop‐signal task. The results showed that preSMA‐TMS increased activation in the right inferior‐frontal cortex (rIFC) and basal ganglia and modulated their task‐free functional connectivity. Both the TMS‐induced changes in the basal‐ganglia activation and the functional connectivity between rIFC and left striatum, and of the overall network correlated with the efficiency of response inhibition and with the white‐matter microstructure along the preSMA–rIFC pathway. These results suggest that the task‐free functional and structural connectivity between the rIFCop and basal ganglia are critical to the efficiency of response inhibition. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3236–3249, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arcuate fasciculus asymmetry has a hand in language function but not handedness
Authors: Allendorfer Jane B. , Hernando Kathleen A. , Hossain Shyla , Nenert Rodolphe , Holland Scott K. , Szaflarski Jerzy P.
Published: May 2016

The importance of relationships between handedness, language lateralization and localization, and white matter tracts for language performance is unclear. The goal of the study was to investigate these relationships by examining arcuate fasciculus (AF) structural asymmetry (DTI) and functional asymmetry (fMRI) in language circuits, handedness, and linguistic performance. A large sample of right‐handed (n = 158) and atypical‐handed (n = 82) healthy adults underwent DTI at 3 T to assess number of streamlines and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the AF, and language fMRI. Language functions were assessed using standard tests of vocabulary, naming, verbal fluency, and complex ideation. Laterality indices (LIs) illustrated degree of asymmetry and lateralization patterns for the AF (streamlines and FA) and verb generation fMRI. Both handedness groups showed leftward lateralization bias for streamline and fMRI LIs and symmetry for FA LI. The proportion of subjects with left, right, or symmetric lateralization were similar between groups if based on AF LIs, but differed if based on fMRI LIs (p = 0.0016). Degree of right‐handedness was not associated with AF lateralization, but was associated with fMRI language lateralization (p = 0.0014). FA LI was not associated with performance on language assessments, but streamline LI was associated with better vocabulary and complex ideation performance in atypical‐handed subjects (p = 0.022 and p = 0.0098, respectively), and better semantic fluency in right‐handed subjects (p = 0.047); however, these did not survive multiple comparisons correction. We provide evidence that AF asymmetry is independent of hand preference, and while degree of right‐handedness is associated with hemispheric language lateralization, the majority of atypical‐handed individuals are left‐lateralized for language. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3297–3309, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Delayed surgery in hip fracture patients. Can we afford it?
Authors: Alonso‐Fernández Patricia , Romero Elena , Chung Monica , García‐Salmones Marta , Cabezas Pilar , Mora Jesús
Published: May 2016

The aim is to analyze whether time to surgery (TtoS) in hip fracture patients is associated with longer than expected length of stay (LofS) and whether there is any particular group in which this is especially relevant. We developed an observational study in Madrid, Spain. From 771 patients admitted to the orthopedic ward, we selected 723 with surgical delay ≤7 days. Age was characterized as younger (<81), elderly (81–90), very elderly (>90). Modified Barthel Index was classified as very dependent (<41), moderately dependent (41–80), independent (>80). Results: Median (IQR) TtoS was 3 (1–4) days; LofS 12 (7–15). Mean age was 84.3 years, 78.4% were women. TtoS was associated with LofS, which increased by 1.80 days (95% CI, 1.50–2.10) per delayed day (p<0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, functional status, we found an increase of 1.75 days (1.46–2.04) per day (p<0.001). We did not find effect of age or sex. Functional status had a higher effect in moderately dependent patients 2.25 days (1.78–2.72) than in very dependent or independent patients, 1.33 (0.37–2.30) and 1.50 days (1.09–1.91) respectively (p 0.012). As conclusion we could affirm that increasing TtoS leads to longer than expected LofS in hip fracture patients, particularly moderately dependent patients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Job Stressors and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Roles of Organizational Commitment and Social Interaction
Authors: Pooja Abeeda A. , De Clercq Dirk , Belausteguigoitia Imanol
Published: May 2016

This study investigates the relationships of two job stressors (work overload and interpersonal conflict) with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), as well as the potential mediating effect of organizational commitment and the moderating effect of social interaction in these relationships. Multisource data from employees and their supervisors in a Mexican‐based organization reveal that organizational commitment fully mediates the relationship between work overload and OCB. Empirical support also emerges for a direct negative relationship between interpersonal conflict and OCB, as well as a partial mediation effect of organizational commitment in this relationship. Further, social interaction moderates the negative effects of the two job stressors on organizational commitment, such that the relationships are attenuated when social interaction increases. Finally, the results indicate support for the presence of moderated mediation, in that the indirect effects of work overload and interpersonal conflict on OCB are attenuated at higher levels of social interaction. Human resource professionals aiming to instill OCB among their employees thus can counter the inherent pitfalls of stressful work conditions by promoting social relationships among their employees.
The cold rain‐on‐snow event of June 2013 in the Canadian Rockies — characteristics and diagnosis
Authors: Pomeroy John W. , Fang Xing , Marks Danny G.
Published: May 2016

The June 2013 flood in the Canadian Rockies featured rain‐on‐snow (ROS) runoff generation at alpine elevations that contributed to the high streamflows observed during the event. Such a mid‐summer ROS event has not been diagnosed in detail, and a diagnosis may help to understand future high discharge‐producing hydrometeorological events in mountainous cold regions. The alpine hydrology of the flood was simulated using a physically based model created with the modular cold regions hydrological modelling platform. The event was distinctive in that, although at first, relatively warm rain fell onto existing snowdrifts inducing ROS melt; the rainfall turned to snowfall as the air mass cooled and so increased snowcover and snowpacks in alpine regions, which then melted rapidly from ground heat fluxes in the latter part of the event. Melt rates of existing snowpacks were substantially lower during the ROS than during the relatively sunny periods preceding and following the event as a result of low wind speeds, cloud cover and cool temperatures. However, at the basin scale, melt volumes increased during the event as a result of increased snowcover from the fresh snowfall and consequent large ground heat contributions to melt energy, causing snowmelt to enhance rainfall–runoff by one fifth. Flow pathways also shifted during the event from relatively slow sub‐surface flow prior to the flood to an even contribution from sub‐surface and fast overland flow during and immediately after the event. This early summer, high precipitation ROS event was distinctive for the impact of decreased solar irradiance in suppressing melt rates, the contribution of ground heat flux to basin scale snowmelt after precipitation turned to snowfall, the transition from slow sub‐surface to fast overland flow runoff as the sub‐surface storage saturated and streamflow volumes that exceeded precipitation. These distinctions show that summer, mountain ROS events should be considered quite distinct from winter ROS and can be important contributors to catastrophic events. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using a modified dredging elutriate testing approach to evaluate potential aquatic impacts associated with dredging a large freshwater industrial harbor
Authors: Watson-Leung Trudy , Graham Matt , Hartman Erin , Welsh Paul G
Published: May 2016

Potential adverse impacts to the aquatic environment should be minimized whenever possible during an environmental dredging project by selecting realistic and technically feasible environmental targets. These targets need to balance short term impacts with the longer term benefit of removing contaminated sediments from the environment. Environmental dredging is part of the planned remediation of Randle Reef (a 60 hectare zone of mostly PAH-contaminated sediments) in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. In this study, we describe the results of dredging elutriate toxicity testing (DETE) to assess the potential risks from dredging this PAH contaminated site. A modified elutriate preparation method intended as an alternative measure of conditions within the dredging plume was assessed with both standard water column species (Daphnia magna and fathead minnow [Pimephales promelas]) and alternative benthic and epibenthic test organisms (Chironomus dilutus and Hyalella azteca). The standard DETE test was also conducted with H. azteca to compare with the modified DETE results. The greatest toxic response was seen in the alternative test species; however, the modified DETE method resulted in less toxicity than the standard protocol. The relationship between toxicity results and chemical and/or physical characteristics of the samples was examined, but differences in toxicity could only be explained by differences in the total suspended solids concentrations in the elutriate samples. Challenges associated with DETE assessment of PAH-contaminated sediments and the implications for establishing dredging benchmarks are discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:155–166. © 2016 SETAC

Key Points

We identify how the DRET and DETE methods were used and adapted to assess potential site-specific toxicity to organisms exposed to the plume generated by dredging of Hamilton Harbour. We found that numerical data provides the foundation but is not the only aspect when setting guidance for a dredging project. We discuss the value as well as sources of uncertainty in the use of DETE for the derivation of environmental benchmarks for dredging. PAH-contaminated sites pose unique challenges for sediment managers due to the heterogeneity and oily nature of the sediment, and toxicity cannot easily be related to chemical concentrations.
Rethinking the Writing Process: What Best‐Selling and Award‐Winning Authors Have to Say
Authors: Sampson Michael R. , Ortlieb Evan , Leung Cynthia B.
Published: May 2016

Increasing attention has been directed recently to literacy education as a means for disciplinary learning and career readiness. All the while, concepts of print have dramatically changed because the majority of reading and writing now occurs in digital formats. Therefore, it is an ideal time to investigate the complexities of the writing process to determine how current writers hone their skills and how pedagogical practices can reflect those elements of writing. To unearth ways in which students can develop the writing proficiencies necessary for academic and career success, this investigation set out to determine the writing processes and practices of prolific best‐selling and award‐winning authors. Using a questionnaire containing both open‐ended and multiple‐choice items, findings reveal that successful writers maintain degrees of plasticity in terms of how their story, content, and voice unfold. Their processes for writing are not only purposefully pragmatic and highly individualized but also do not always progress linearly through the five elements of the writing process. Recommendations are made to assist classroom teachers of writing in their pedagogical planning, instruction, and assessment.