bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent, Flow Diazotization/Mizoroki—Heck Coupling Protocol: Dispelling Myths about Working with Diazonium Salts.
Authors: Nalivela Kumara S. , Tilley Michael , McGuire Michael A. , Organ Michael G.
Published: November 2014

Based on a detailed study on the stability of aryl diazonium salts, the MeOH/DMF solvent system is defined to be suitable for generation and selective coupling of diazonium salts in the presence of all other reaction components.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Internal Alkynes or Vinyl Sulfones via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Sodium Sulfinates with Alkynes.
Authors: Xu Yanli , Zhao Jinwu , Tang Xiaodong , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: November 2014

The reaction of ortho‐substituted arylsulfinic acid sodium salts with 3‐phenylpropiolic acid gives β‐keto sulfinones [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Amberlite IR‐120 Catalyzed, Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Amides from Nitriles by Ritter Reaction.
Authors: Ghasemnejad‐Bosra Hassan , Habibzadeh Setareh
Published: November 2014

A highly efficient method for the synthesis of α‐arylethyl amides from styrenes and related alcohols using the Ritter reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of allo‐ and epi‐Inositol via the NHC‐Catalyzed Carbocyclization of Carbohydrate‐Derived Dialdehydes.
Authors: Stockton Kieran P. , Greatrex Ben W. , Taylor Dennis K.
Published: November 2014

This describes the synthesis of allo‐inositol (IV) as well as a similar synthesis of epo‐inositol.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Coupling Reaction of Aldehydes Using Indium(III) Triflate as the Catalyst.
Authors: Mineno Tomoko , Tsukagoshi Rie , Iijima Tsubasa , Watanabe Kazuki , Miyashita Hiroyuki , Yoshimitsu Hitoshi
Published: November 2014

A facile protocol for the conversion of aldehydes into the corresponding symmetrical ethers is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Unsymmetrical Ketones from Tosylhydrazones and Aromatic Aldehydes via Formyl C—H Bond Insertion.
Authors: Allwood Daniel M. , Blakemore David C. , Ley Steven V.
Published: November 2014

A convenient procedure for the synthesis of unsymmetrical ketones from bench‐stable tosylhydrazones and aryl aldehydes is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: The Redox‐Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Chen Weijie , Seidel Daniel
Published: November 2014

A new variant of the Mannich reaction that enables the facile preparation of ring‐substituted β‐amino ketones is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Silyl Imine Electrophiles in Enantioselective Catalysis: A Rosetta Stone for Peptide Homologation, Enabling Diverse N‐Protected Aryl Glycines from Aldehydes in Three Steps.
Authors: Makley Dawn M. , Johnston Jeffrey N.
Published: November 2014

N‐(Trimethylsilyl)imines serve in the bis(amidine)‐catalyzed addition of bromonitromethane with a high degree of enantioselection.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Step Synthesis of 4‐Amino Substituted Phthalimides and Evaluation of Their Potential as Fluorescent Probes.
Authors: Kindahl Tomas , Chorell Erik
Published: November 2014

The presented method opens up a possibility of introducing novel 4‐amino substituents on the phthalimide central fragment in combination with varying substituents on the phthalimide nitrogen.
ChemInform Abstract: I2‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Methyl Ketones and Benzamidines Hydrochloride: A Facile Access to α‐Ketoimides.
Authors: Wu Xia , Gao Qinghe , Liu Shan , Wu Anxin
Published: November 2014

This iodine catalyzed oxidative amidation is advantageous with regards to operational simplicity, metal‐ and peroxide‐free conditions, and high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Esterification of Alkylbenzenes with Cyclic Ethers and Cycloalkanes via C(sp3)—H Activation Following Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling.
Authors: Rout Saroj Kumar , Guin Srimanta , Ali Wajid , Gogoi Anupal , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of α‐acyloxy ethers from simple solvents as reactants is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Mediated Nitrogenation of Propargylic Alcohols: An Efficient Approach to Alkenyl Nitriles.
Authors: Huang Xiaoqiang , Jiao Ning
Published: November 2014

A new approach to alkenyl nitriles under mild and metal‐free conditions via the direct incorporation of a nitrogen atom into propargylic alcohols is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Transformation of Allyl Carbonates into Branched Allyl Carbamates by Using Amines and Recycling CO2 under Iridium Catalysis.
Authors: Zheng Sheng‐Cai , Zhang Min , Zhao Xiao‐Ming
Published: November 2014

A domino reaction of allyl carbonates and amines is developed to yield enantioenriched branched allyl carbonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatics to Bis‐triquinane: A Tandem Oxidative Dearomatization of Bis‐Phenol, Cycloaddition, Photorearrangement and a Rapid Entry into Carbocyclic Framework of Xeromphalinone E.
Authors: Singh Deepak , Chaudhari Umesh V. , Deota Pradeep T.
Published: November 2014

This describes attempts to synthesize compound (I), which is structurally related to Xeromphalinone E.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Construction of Six Vicinal Stereogenic Centers on Spiropyrazolones via Organocascade Michael/Michael/1,2‐Addition Reactions.
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Mahajan Suruchi , Loh Charles C. J. , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter
Published: November 2014

A one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of spiropyrazolones via sequential reaction of β‐dicarbonyl compounds, nitroalkenes, and pyrazolones catalyzed by a cinchona derived aminosquaramide and DBU is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to β‐Lactams by Enantioselective Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Alkylation.
Authors: Pedroni Julia , Boghi Michele , Saget Tanguy , Cramer Nicolai
Published: November 2014

This method exhibits a palladium‐catalyzed C—H functionalization for the challenging asymmetric formation of saturated C(sp3)—C(sp3) bonds via a strain‐building reductive elimination resulting in the formation of the four‐membered ring of β‐lactams.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Mediated CH‐Activation of Tetrahydrofuran under Mild Conditions for the Regioselective Addition to Aryl‐Propiolates.
Authors: Puenner Florian , Hilt Gerhard
Published: November 2014

Attempts upon initiation of the reaction by other alkyl bromides or other reducing agents fail.
ChemInform Abstract: “One‐Pot” Access to Dihydrofurans via Tandem Oxidative Difunctionalization and Ring Contraction of Aminopyrans.
Authors: Mandha Santhosh Reddy , Alla Manjula , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu
Published: November 2014

The sequential addition of NCS and a base to 2‐amino‐4H‐pyran derivatives (I) and (IV) in alcohol medium affords dihydrofurans (III) and (V), resp., in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Intramolecular Oxy/Amino‐Palladation/Isocyanide Insertion: Synthesis of α‐Benzofuranyl/Indolylacetamides.
Authors: Thirupathi Nuligonda , Hari Babu Madala , Dwivedi Vikas , Kant Ruchir , Sridhar Reddy Maddi
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of α‐benzofuranylacetamides from phenol derivatives and isocyanides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reaction of 1,3‐Diarylbenzo[c]furans with Thiophene S,S‐Dioxide/Indenone Derivatives: A Facile Preparation of Substituted Dibenzothiophene S,S‐Dioxides and Fluorenones.
Authors: Nandakumar Meganathan , Karunakaran Jayachandran , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: November 2014

One pot syntheses of substituted dibenzothiophene S,S‐dioxides and fluorenones are successfully achieved by Diels—Alder reaction of benzo[c]furans with thiophene S,S‐dioxides and indenones, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Oxidative Carboazidation of Acrylamides via Cascade C—N and C—C Bond‐Forming Reactions.
Authors: Qiu Jun , Zhang Ronghua
Published: November 2014

The title reaction provides access to azido oxindoles using K2S2O8 as the oxidant and NaN3 as a azide source.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Construction of Multi‐Functionalized Spiro Oxindole Dienes.
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Fei , Zhang Ya‐Fei , Qi Zheng‐Hang , Li Nai‐Kai , Geng Zhi‐Cong , Li Kun , Wang Xing‐Wang
Published: November 2014

A diastereo‐ and enantioselective domino Michael‐cyclization‐tautomerization reaction of isatylidene malononitriles (I) and (IV) with α,α‐dicyanoalkenes catalyzed by a chinchona alkaloid‐derived bifunctional catalyst is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Potassium N‐Methyltrifluoroborate Isoindolin‐1‐one with Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides.
Authors: Nadaf Rashid N. , Seapy Dave G.
Published: November 2014

The title borate (III) undergoes Pd‐catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling with aryl and heteroaryl chlorides leading to N‐benzylisoindolin‐1‐ones under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of 3,3‐Di(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)indolin‐2‐ones and 2,2‐Di(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐2H‐acenaphthen‐1‐ones Catalyzed by p‐TSA.
Authors: Yu Jiangxia , Shen Tianhua , Lin Yan , Zhou Yongbing , Song Qingbao
Published: November 2014

The title compounds (III) and (V) are obtained by reaction of various isatins or acenaphthenequinone, resp., with indoles under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Tandem Oxidative C(sp2)—H/C(sp)—H Alkynylation and Annulation of Arenes with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Dong Jiaxing , Wang Fei , You Jingsong
Published: November 2014

The title reaction features a wide substrate scope and proceeds with exclusive chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity to form isoindole derivatives (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isatins by I2/TBHP Mediated Oxidation of Indoles.
Authors: Zi You , Cai Zhong‐Jian , Wang Shun‐Yi , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: November 2014

A convenient, simple, and metal‐free protocol for the synthesis of isatins by direct oxidation of commercially available indoles under mild conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some 2‐(3,5‐Dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐1‐arylethanones: Antibacterial, DNA Photocleavage, and Anticancer Activities.
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kaur Kamalneet , Karelia Deepkamal N. , Beniwal Vikas , Gupta Girish Kumar , Sharma Arun K. , Gupta Akhilesh Kumar
Published: November 2014

A novel, mild, green, fast, and highly regioselective one‐pot protocol to prepare title compounds (III) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: When Aryldiazonium Salts Meet Vinyl Diazoacetates: A Cobalt‐Catalyzed Regiospecific Synthesis of N‐Arylpyrazoles.
Authors: Guo Haiheng , Zhang Daming , Zhu Chenghao , Li Jian , Xu Guangyang , Sun Jiangtao
Published: November 2014

The cobalt‐catalyzed coupling reaction of vinyl diazoacetates and aryl diazonium salts affords arylpyrazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Cycloaddition of Trifluorodiazoethane with Electron‐Deficient Allenic Esters and Ketones: Access to CF3‐Substituted Pyrazolines and Pyrazoles.
Authors: Zhang Fa‐Guang , Wei Yi , Yi Yu‐Ping , Nie Jing , Ma Jun‐An
Published: November 2014

A highly regioselective cycloaddition procedure of electron‐deficient allenes with trifluorodiazoethane is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Optimization of Ecofriendly One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Triaryl‐1H‐imidazoles by Three‐Component Condensation Using Response Surface Methodology.
Authors: Kumar T. Durai Ananda , Yamini N. , Subrahmanyam C. V. S. , Satyanarayana K.
Published: November 2014

An extensive statistical method is used to optimize the reaction parameters (e.g. catalyst and catalyst concentration, solvent and solvent volume) for the synthesis of 2,4,5‐triaryl‐1H‐imidazoles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Oxyamination of Dienes via Tandem Aziridination/Ring‐Opening of Dienyl Carbamates.
Authors: Guasch Joan , Diaz Yolanda , Matheu M. Isabel , Castillon Sergio
Published: November 2014

Opposite regioselectivity is observed depending on the whether Rh2(OAc)4 or bulky Rh2(OPiv)4 is used as a catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐C‐Substituted Benzothiazoles via a Copper‐Promoted Domino Condensation/S‐Arylation/Heterocyclization Process.
Authors: Xiang Haoyue , Qi Jin , He Qian , Jiang Min , Yang Chunhao , Deng Lianfu
Published: November 2014

The reaction yields are severely affected by the substituents of (I).
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of a Mitsunobu Reagent for the Formation of Heterocycles: A Simple Method for the Preparation of 3‐Alkyl‐5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2(3H)‐ones from Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Sugimoto Osamu , Arakaki Tomoyo , Kamio Hiroka , Tanji Ken‐ichi
Published: November 2014

The reaction proceeds smoothly when Mitsunobu reagents with smaller alkyl groups are used.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Promoted Dual Bond Formation: Facile Synthesis of Dihydrocoumarins and Spiro‐Tetracyclic Dihydrocoumarins
Authors: Niharika Pedireddi , Ramulu Bokka Venkat , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: November 2014

from cinnamates and phenols
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation of Pyridines Without the Use of a Transition Metal Catalyst.
Authors: Li Yahui , Liu Wei , Kuang Chunxiang
Published: November 2014

The direct arylation of electron‐deficient heterocycles, such as (I), (V), (VIII), and (X) with arylhydrazine hydrochlorides (II) without any catalyst and co‐oxidant is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Ketoxime Acetates with DMF for Synthesis of Symmetrical Pyridines.
Authors: Zhao Mi‐Na , Hui Rong‐Rong , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Wang Yao‐Yu , Guan Zheng‐Hui
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of tetrasubstituted symmetrical pyridines by a novel ruthenium‐catalyzed cyclization of ketoxime carboxylates with DMF is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines Through Supramolecular Organocatalysis.
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Shruthi Kodambahalli S.
Published: November 2014

Medicinally important title compounds (IV) are prepared via enantioselective Michael addition of acetone to azido‐nitrovinyl‐benzenes (I), followed by reductive amination.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Nano Copper Oxide Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinoline‐2,3‐dicarboxylates under Ligand Free Conditions.
Authors: Venkanna Avudoddi , Swapna Kokkirala , Rao Pallapothula Venkateswar
Published: November 2014

16 Title compounds are prepared using CuO nanoparticles as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐Proline Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions: Facile Access to 2H‐Benzo[g]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinoline‐5,10(4H,11H)‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Karamthulla Shaik , Pal Suman , Parvin Tasneem , Choudhury Lokman H.
Published: November 2014

16 Title compounds of type (IV) are prepared using L‐proline as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Domino Knoevenagel/Hetero‐Diels—Alder Route to Some Novel Thiochromenoquinoline‐Fused Polyheterocycles
Authors: Parmar Narsidas J. , Labana Balvantsingh M. , Barad Hitesh A. , Kant Rajni , Gupta Vivek K.
Published: November 2014

under solvent‐free reaction conditions
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Chlorosuccinimide‐Promoted Regioselective Sulfenylation of Imidazoheterocycles at Room Temperature.
Authors: Ravi Chitrakar , Chandra Mohan Darapaneni , Adimurthy Subbarayappa
Published: November 2014

The novel protocol allows the regioselective sulfenylation of a wide variety of imidazoheterocycles under mild and metal‐free reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Access to 2,3‐Diarylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines via a One‐Pot, Ligand‐Free, Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Wang Yuanxiang , Frett Brendan , Li Hong‐yu
Published: November 2014

A convenient process to construct 2,3‐diarylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines through a Pd‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of 2‐aminopyridine, 2‐bromoacetophenones, and reactive aryl bromides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of (Azido)ynamides: An Efficient Strategy for the Construction of Indoloquinolines.
Authors: Tokimizu Yusuke , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka , Ohno Hiroaki
Published: November 2014

A novel method for the synthesis of indoloquinoline compounds via the gold‐catalyzed cascade cyclization of (azido)ynamides is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Cascade Oxidative Olefination/Cyclization of Picolinamides and Alkenes via C—H Activation.
Authors: Cai Shangjun , Chen Chao , Shao Peng , Xi Chanjuan
Published: November 2014

Rh(III)‐catalyzed intermolecular oxidative alkenylation/cyclization of picolinamides and alkenes with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity to produce pyrido pyrrolone derivatives in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of 5‐ and 6‐Substituted 2‐Aminopyrimidines as Potential Non‐natural Nucleobase Analogues.
Authors: Radhakrishnan K. , Sharma Namita , Kundu Lal Mohan
Published: November 2014

15 Isocytosines of type (III) and (V) are prepared under microwave irradiation under solventless conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Rapid Pyrimidine Condensation by Addressing the Rate Limiting Aromatization.
Authors: Fandrick Daniel R. , Reinhardt Delia , Desrosiers Jean‐Nicolas , Sanyal Sanjit , Fandrick Keith R. , Ma Shengli , Grinberg Nelu , Lee Heewon , Song Jinhua J. , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: November 2014

The amidines are used in form of their hydrochlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Decorated with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Magnetically Recoverable Nanoreactor for the Synthesis of a New Series of 2,4‐Diphenylpyrido[4,3‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Shadjou Nasrin , Hasanzadeh Mohammad
Published: November 2014

The advantages of the present method are high yields, simplicity, and easy work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Cyclobutene‐Fused Azepines Through Au‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Stable Alkyne Tethered Ketene N,N‐Acetals.
Authors: Nayak Sanatan , Ghosh Nayan , Sahoo Akhila K.
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of N‐protected alkyne‐tethered ketene‐N,N‐acetals from N‐protected propargylamines and 3‐bromopropiolates is demonstrated for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Aza‐Oxa and Aza‐Oxa‐Thia Heteroarenes as Colo‐205 and HepG2 Carcinoma Cells Growth Inhibitors.
Authors: Ram Vishnu Ji , et al. et al.
Published: November 2014

An elegant regioselective synthesis of fused tetra‐ and pentacyclic heteroarenes based on ring transformation reactions of appropriate lactones with hydrazine is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Controlled Lithiation of P=C—N‐Heterocycles: Synthesis of Mono‐ and Bis(trimethylsilyl)‐tert‐butyl‐dihydrobenzazaphospholes — A New Type of Highly Bulky and Basic Phosphine Ligands.
Authors: Ghalib Mohammed , Jones Peter G. , Heinicke Joachim W.
Published: November 2014

The reactions of 1,3‐benzazaphospholes with tBuLi and trimethylchlorosilane are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Azaphosphaannulation of Phosphonamides Through Intramolecular Oxidative C—N Bond Formation.
Authors: Kim Yea Rin , Cho Seungyoon , Lee Phil Ho
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of novel benzazaphosphol‐3‐one 1‐oxides via metal‐free oxidative radical azaphosphaannulation is described.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Organylchalcogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones with Diorganyl Dichalcogenides Promoted by K3PO4.
Authors: Movassagh Barahman , Yousefi Ali
Published: November 2014

Various aldehydes and ketones react with diorganyl dichalcogenides under mild reaction conditions leading to the corresponding α‐organylseleno and α‐arylthio carbonyl compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Aryltellurophosphates Catalyzed by Cesium Hydroxide.
Authors: Wang Ling Xiao , Su Liu , Li Jian Hua , Li Ning Bo , Peng Zhi Hong , Li Yuan Yuan , Xu Xin Hua
Published: November 2014

The title compounds (III) are obtained by Cs‐catalyzed reactions of dialkyl phosphites with diaryl ditellurides.
ChemInform Abstract: Unified Approach to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Higher Homologues of (3‐Quinolyl)‐alanine.
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shital K. , Kundu Indranil
Published: November 2014

Three homologues of the important α‐amino acid (3‐quinolyl)alanine, ((R)‐V) and ((S)‐XI), are synthesized by a new protocol involving Heck‐type arylation of 3‐bromoquinoline as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Chloralose‐Derived Thiosemicarbazones and Semicarbazones and Investigation of Their Antimicrobial Properties.
Authors: Yetgin Can Emre , Oskay Mustafa , Ay Kadir
Published: November 2014

The synthesized (thio)semicarbazone derivatives such as (III) display moderate antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Rubiginone A2, C2, and Fujianmycin A.
Authors: Vanga Devendar G. , Kaliappan Krishna P.
Published: November 2014

Rubiginone A2 (Ia), rubiginone C2 (Ib) and fujianmycin A (Ic) are synthesized enantioselectively starting from ((2R,3R)‐3‐methyloxiran‐2‐yl)methanol in 14, 12 and 16% yield, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthesis of Bioactive Resorcinols Isolated from the Fruiting Bodies of Hericium erinaceum: Total Syntheses of Hericenones A, B, and I, Hericenols B—D, and Erinacerins A and B.
Authors: Kobayashi Shoji , Tamanoi Hidetsugu , Hasegawa Yuichi , Segawa Yusuke , Masuyama Araki
Published: November 2014

Eight bioactive ingredients of the mushroom H.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Storage Properties of LaMgNi3.6M0.4 (M: Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al) Alloys.
Authors: Yang Tai , Zhai Tingting , Yuan Zeming , Bu Wengang , Xu Sheng , Zhang Yanghuan
Published: November 2014

LaMgNi3.6M0.4 (M: Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Al) alloys are prepared by induction melting of the elements.
ChemInform Abstract: Semiconductor and Metallic Core‐Shell Nanostructures: Synthesis and Applications in Solar Cells and Catalysis
Authors: Kim Mee Rahn , Xu Zhenhe , Chen Guozhu , Ma Dongling
Published: November 2014

Review: 166 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Soft Magnetic Materials Prepared by Metal Injection Molding
Authors: Shang Feng , Qiao Bin , He Yi‐Qiang
Published: November 2014

Review: emphasis on the preparation of Fe‐based soft magnetic materials; 12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Catalytic Materials Using Ionic Liquids as the Media and Functional Components
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wu Tianbin , Han Buxing
Published: November 2014

Review: 208 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Interstitial H and/or C Atoms on the Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of La(Fe,Si)13‐based Compounds
Authors: Zhang Hu , Hu Feng Xia , Sun Ji Rong , Shen Bao Gen
Published: November 2014

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Sen Subhabrata , Prabhu Ganesh , Bathula Chandramohan , Hati Santanu
Published: November 2014

Review: [116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Congested Propellane Alkaloid (‐)‐Acutumine
Authors: Castle Steven L.
Published: November 2014

Review: [57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Natural Products Containing Cyclohexane Units Utilizing the Ferrier Carbocyclization Reaction
Authors: Chida Noritaka , Sato Takaaki
Published: November 2014

Review: [40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products: A Personal Record
Authors: Zhang Yun , Gong Jianxian , Yang Zhen
Published: November 2014

Review: [57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Our Recent Progress on the Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction Approach in Natural Products Synthesis: Synthetic Studies of the Octahydronaphthalene Substructure of Versipelostatins and the A/B/C‐Tricyclic Substructure of GKK1032s
Authors: Tadano Kin‐Ichi
Published: November 2014

Review: [66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Cyathane Diterpenoids
Authors: Nakada Masahisa
Published: November 2014

Review: [48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Oxazolomycins
Authors: Ishihara Jun , Hatakeyama Susumi
Published: November 2014

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Complete Structural Assignment of Gambieric Acid A, a Large Polycyclic Ether Marine Natural Product
Authors: Sasaki Makoto , Fuwa Haruhiko
Published: November 2014

Review: [64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitutions of Trichloroacetimidates
Authors: Arnold Jeffrey S. , Zhang Qi , Nguyen Hien M.
Published: November 2014

Review: [108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines by Means of Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Koubachi Jamal , El Kazzouli Said , Bousmina Mosto , Guillaumet Gerald
Published: November 2014

Review: [101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Complexation Phenomena and Dynamics at Work in the Lithiation Reactions of Small‐Ring Heterocycles: Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity
Authors: Capriati Vito , Florio Saverio , Luisi Renzo
Published: November 2014

Review: [75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism of the Kumada—Corriu Cross‐Coupling Catalyzed by Low‐Coordinate Bis(amido)‐Nickel Complexes: Identification of Nickel(I)—(III) Catalytic Intermediates
Authors: Vedernikov Andrei N.
Published: November 2014

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancements in Catalytic Asymmetric Intermolecular Ene‐Type Reactions
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Zheng Ke , Feng Xiaoming
Published: November 2014

Review: [56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Electrophilic Amination Reactions
Authors: Corpet Martin , Gosmini Corinne
Published: November 2014

Review: [59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions by Metal and Chiral Phosphoric Acid Sequential Catalysis
Authors: Yang Ze‐Peng , Zhang Wei , You Shu‐Li
Published: November 2014

Review: [62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—F Activation and Functionalization of Perfluoro‐ and Polyfluoroarenes
Authors: Weaver Jimmie , Senaweera Sameera
Published: November 2014

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Preactivation Strategies for the Expeditious Synthesis of Oligosaccharides: A Review
Authors: Bouhall Samantha K. , Sucheck Steven J.
Published: November 2014

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: “The Great Beauty” of Organolithium Chemistry: A Land Still Worth Exploring
Authors: Capriati Vito , Perna Filippo M. , Salomone Antonio
Published: November 2014

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Functionalizations of Porphyrin Macrocycles
Authors: Vicente Maria da G. H. , Smith Kevin M.
Published: November 2014

Review: 337 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Impact of Structural Relaxation on Spin Polarization and Magnetization Reversal of Individual Nanostructures Studied by Spin‐polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Authors: Sander Dirk , Phark Soo‐Hyon , Corbetta Marco , Fischer Jeison A. , Oka Hirofumi , Kirschner Juergen
Published: November 2014

Review: [102 refs.]
ChemInform Abstract: Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) as a Tool in Green Chemistry
Authors: Lopes Guido R. , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: November 2014

Review: [132 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors for Neurodegeneration and Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Mukherjee Paramita , Cinelli Maris A. , Kang Soosung , Silverman Richard B.
Published: November 2014

Review: 251 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stationary Phases for the Enrichment of Glycoproteins and Glycopeptides
Authors: Huang Bao‐Yu , Yang Chun‐Kai , Liu Ching‐Piao , Liu Chuen‐Ying
Published: November 2014

Review: 163 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Indoloquinolines as DNA Binding Ligands
Authors: Riechert‐Krause Fanny , Weisz Klaus
Published: November 2014

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Thermoelectric Materials: Emerging Green Energy Materials Converting Heat to Electricity Directly and Efficiently
Authors: Zhang Qian , Sun Yimeng , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben
Published: November 2014

Review: [101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biochars and Carbonised Biomass: A New Zealand Perspective with a Focus on Chemistry
Authors: McDonald‐Wharry John
Published: November 2014

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Why Is Mannitol Becoming More and More Popular as a Pharmaceutical Excipient in Solid Dosage Forms?
Authors: Ohrem H. Leonhard , Schornick Eva , Kalivoda Adela , Ognibene Roberto
Published: November 2014

Review: 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Birth and Future of Multiscale Modeling for Macromolecular Systems (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Levitt Michael
Published: November 2014

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiscale Modeling of Biological Functions: From Enzymes to Molecular Machines (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Warshel Arieh
Published: November 2014

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Liquids and Gases
Authors: Kowalewski Jozef
Published: November 2014

Review: 352 refs.
Chiral 1,2‐Dialkenyl Diaziridines: Synthesis, Enantioselective Separation, and Nitrogen Inversion Barriers
Authors: Zawatzky Kerstin , Kamuf Matthias , Trapp Oliver
Published: November 2014

trans‐1,2‐Disubstituted diaziridines form stable enantiomers at ambient conditions because of the two stereogenic pyramidal nitrogen atoms. Functionalized trans‐1,2‐disubstituted diaziridines can be utilized as a chiral switching moiety between two enantiomeric states in more complex molecular structures. However, the synthesis of functionalized diaziridines is quite challenging, because of the limited tolerance of reaction conditions that can be applied. Here we present a strategy to make trans‐1,2‐disubstituted diaziridines accessible as versatile building blocks in C‐C‐bond formations, i.e., the Heck reaction, and therefore introducing aryl substituents. The synthesis of trans‐1,2‐dialkenyl diaziridines with terminal alkenyl substituents and their stereodynamic properties are described. Chirality 27:156–162, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Discovery of a Highly Selective 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one SIRT2 Inhibitor that is Neuroprotective in an in vitro Parkinson’s Disease Model
Authors: Di Fruscia Paolo , Zacharioudakis Emmanouil , Liu Chang , Moniot Sébastien , Laohasinnarong Sasiwan , Khongkow Mattaka , Harrison Ian F. , Koltsida Konstantina , Reynolds Christopher R. , Schmidtkunz Karin , Jung Manfred , Chapman Kathryn L. , Steegborn Clemens , Dexter David T. , Sternberg Michael J. E. , Lam Eric W.‐F. , Fuchter Matthew J.
Published: November 2014

Sirtuins, NAD+‐dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs), have recently emerged as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of a variety of diseases. The discovery of potent and isoform‐selective inhibitors of this enzyme family should provide chemical tools to help determine the roles of these targets and validate their therapeutic value. Herein, we report the discovery of a novel class of highly selective SIRT2 inhibitors, identified by pharmacophore screening. We report the identification and validation of 3‐((2‐methoxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)methyl)‐7‐((pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl)amino)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4(3H)‐one (ICL‐SIRT078), a substrate‐competitive SIRT2 inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.62±0.15 μM and more than 50‐fold selectivity against SIRT1, 3 and 5. Treatment of MCF‐7 breast cancer cells with ICL‐SIRT078 results in hyperacetylation of α‐tubulin, an established SIRT2 biomarker, at doses comparable with the biochemical IC50 data, while suppressing MCF‐7 proliferation at higher concentrations. In concordance with the recent reports that suggest SIRT2 inhibition is a potential strategy for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, we find that compound ICL‐SIRT078 has a significant neuroprotective effect in a lactacystin‐induced model of Parkinsonian neuronal cell death in the N27 cell line. These results encourage further investigation into the effects of ICL‐SIRT078, or an optimised derivative thereof, as a candidate neuroprotective agent in in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease.
Enhanced Performance of Mixed‐Matrix Membranes through a Graft Copolymer‐Directed Interface and Interaction Tuning Approach
Authors: Chi Won Seok , Kim Sang Jin , Lee Seung‐Joon , Bae Youn‐Sang , Kim Jong Hak
Published: November 2014

Herein, a high performance mixed‐matrix membrane (MMM) is reported with simultaneously large improvements in the CO2 permeability by 880 % from 70.2 to 687.7 Barrer (1 Barrer=1×10−10 cm3 cm cm−2 s−1 cmHg−1) and CO2/N2 selectivity by 14.4 % from 30.5 to 34.9. These findings represent one of the most dramatic improvements ever reported for MMMs. These improvements are obtained through an interface and interaction tuning approach based on an amphiphilic grafted copolymer. Poly(vinyl chloride)‐g‐poly(oxyethylene methacrylate) (PVC‐g‐POEM) graft copolymer plays a key role as a soft organic matrix to provide good permeation properties, uniform distribution of zeolite imidazole frameworks‐8 (ZIF‐8), and better interfacial contact with inorganic compounds. In particular, the CO2/C3H8 and CO2/C3H6 selectivities reached 10.5 and 42.7, respectively, for PVC‐g‐POEM/ZIF (40 %) MMMs; this indicates that it could be a promising membrane material for the purification of C3 hydrocarbons.
Towards High Water Permeability in Triazine‐Framework‐Based Microporous Membranes for Dehydration of Ethanol
Authors: Tang Yu Pan , Wang Huan , Chung Tai Shung
Published: November 2014

The microstructural evolution of a series of triazine framework‐based microporous (TFM) membranes under different conditions has been explored in this work. The pristine TFM membrane is in situ fabricated in the course of polymer synthesis via a facile Brønsted‐acid‐catalyzed cyclotrimerizaiton reaction. The as‐synthesized polymer exhibits a microporous network with high thermal stability. The free volume size of the TFM membranes gradually evolved from a unimodal distribution to a bimodal distribution under annealing, as analyzed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The emergence of the bimodal distribution is probably ascribed to the synergetic effect of quenching and thermal cyclization reaction. In addition, the fractional free volume (FFV) of the membranes presents a concave trend with increasing annealing temperature. Vapor sorption tests reveal that the mass transport properties are closely associated with the free volume evolution, which provides an optimal condition for dehydration of biofuels. A promising separation performance with extremely high water permeability has been attained for dehydration of an 85 wt % ethanol aqueous solution at 45 °C. The study on the free volume evolution of the TFM membranes may provide useful insights about the microstructure and mass transport behavior of the microporous polymeric materials.
Ground‐motion intensity and damage map selection for probabilistic infrastructure network risk assessment using optimization
Authors: Miller M. , Baker J.
Published: November 2014

In many parts of the world, earthquakes threaten regional infrastructure systems. For modeling risk using stochastic earthquake catalogs, random variables include rupture location and the damage state of different components. Thus, there is an infinite set of possible damage maps that a risk modeler could evaluate in an event‐based probabilistic loss model. Even a finite but large number of damage maps may not be practical, because many network performance measures are computationally expensive. Here, we show a computationally efficient method for selecting a subset of damage maps, corresponding ground‐motion intensity maps, and associated occurrence rates that reasonably estimates the full distribution of the ground‐motion intensity and a target performance measure using optimization. The method chooses a subset of maps and associated annual rates of occurrence that minimizes the error in estimating the distribution of a network performance measure as well as the marginal distributions of ground‐motion intensity exceedance. The joint distribution of the ground‐motion intensity is implicitly included in the objective function of the optimization problem via the network performance measure. We then show how to tune the optimization parameters based on consistency checks related to the network performance measure and the ground‐motion hazard. We illustrate the proposed method with a case study of the San Francisco Bay Area road network to estimate the exceedance curve of the average percentage change in morning commute trip time. This work facilitates expanded and risk‐consistent studies of the impacts of infrastructure networks on regional seismic risk and resiliency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of climate change on the toxicity of soils polluted by metal mine wastes to Enchytraeus crypticus
Authors: González-Alcaraz M. Nazaret , Tsitsiou Eleni , Wieldraaijer Rosalie , Verweij Rudo A. , van Gestel Cornelis A.M.
Published: November 2014

The present study aimed to assess the effects of climate change on the toxicity of metal-polluted soils. Bioassays with Enchytraeus crypticus were performed in soils polluted by mine wastes (mine tailing, forest, and watercourse) and under different combinations of temperature (20 °C and 25 °C) and soil moisture content (50% and 30% of the soil water-holding capacity). Survival and reproduction were set as endpoints. No effect was observed on survival (average survival ≥ 80%). Reproduction was the most sensitive endpoint, and it was reduced between 65% and 98% compared with control after exposure to watercourse soil (lower pH, higher salinity, and higher available metal(loid) concentrations). In this soil, effective concentrations at 50% and 10% (EC50 and EC10) significantly decreased with decreasing soil moisture content. In general, the worst-case scenario was found in the driest soil, but the toxicity under a climate change scenario differed among soil types in relation to soil properties (e.g., pH, salinity) and available metal(loid) concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;9999:1–9. © 2014 SETAC
Nature of the water/aromatic parallel alignment interactions
Authors: Mitoraj Mariusz P. , Janjić Goran V. , Medaković Vesna B. , Veljković Dušan Ž. , Michalak Artur , Zarić Snežana D. , Milčić Miloš K.
Published: November 2014

The water/aromatic parallel alignment interactions are interactions where the water molecule or one of its OH bonds is parallel to the aromatic ring plane. The calculated energies of the interactions are significant, up to ΔECCSD(T)(limit) = −2.45 kcal mol−1 at large horizontal displacement, out of benzene ring and CH bond region. These interactions are stronger than CH···O water/benzene interactions, but weaker than OH···π interactions. To investigate the nature of water/aromatic parallel alignment interactions, energy decomposition methods, symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory, and extended transition state‐natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV), were used. The calculations have shown that, for the complexes at large horizontal displacements, major contribution to interaction energy comes from electrostatic interactions between monomers, and for the complexes at small horizontal displacements, dispersion interactions are dominant binding force. The NOCV‐based analysis has shown that in structures with strong interaction energies charge transfer of the type π → σ*(OH) between the monomers also exists. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of a new xylanase activity from Bacillus amyloliquefaciensXR44A in brewer's spent grain saccharification
Authors: Amore Antonella , Parameswaran Binod , Kumar Ramesh , Birolo Leila , Vinciguerra Roberto , Marcolongo Loredana , Ionata Elena , La Cara Francesco , Pandey Ashok , Faraco Vincenza
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND

Cellulases and xylanases are the key enzymes involved in the conversion of lignocelluloses into fermentable sugars. Western Ghat region (India) has been recognized as an active hot spot for the isolation of new microorganisms. The aim of this work was to isolate new microorganisms producing cellulases and xylanases to be applied in brewer's spent grain saccharification.

RESULTS

93 microorganisms were isolated from Western Ghat and screened for the production of cellulase and xylanase activities. Fourteen cellulolytic and seven xylanolytic microorganisms were further screened in liquid culture. Particular attention was focused on the new isolate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XR44A, producing xylanase activity up to 10.5 U mL−1. A novel endo‐1,4‐beta xylanase was identified combining zymography and proteomics and recognized as the main enzyme responsible for B. amyloliquefaciens XR44A xylanase activity. The new xylanase activity was partially characterized and its application in saccharification of brewer's spent grain, pretreated by aqueous ammonia soaking, was investigated.

CONCLUSION

The culture supernatant of B. amyloliquefaciens XR44A with xylanase activity allowed a recovery of around 43% xylose during brewer's spent grain saccharification, similar to the value obtained with a commercial xylanase from Trichoderma viride, and a maximum arabinose yield of 92%, around 2‐fold higher than that achieved with the commercial xylanase. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Unique molecular signatures of Alzheimer's disease amyloid β peptide mutations and deletion during aggregate/oligomer/fibril formation
Authors: Poduslo Joseph F. , Howell Kyle G.
Published: November 2014

The formation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregates, oligomers, and fibrils is a dynamic process; however, the kinetics of their formation is not well understood. This study compares the time course of aggregate/fibril formation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses with that of oligomer/fibril formation by Western blot analysis under native and denaturing conditions. Efforts to deaggregate/defibrillate these peptides by using hexafluoroisopropanol, ammonium hydroxide, or dimethylsulfoxide did not change the nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) footprints or drive the peptides to a monomeric species. Regardless of the pretreatment protocol, TEM analyses reveal that all Aβ peptides (Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ39E22Δ [Osaka], Aβ40E22G [Arctic], Aβ40E22Q [Dutch], and Aβ40A2T [Icelandic]) immediately formed nonfibrillar, amorphous aggregates when first placed into solution with the Osaka mutation, quickly forming early‐stage fibrils. The extent of fibril formation for other Aβ peptides is time dependent, with the Arctic mutation forming fibrils at 1 hr, the Dutch and Icelandic at 4 hr, Aβ42 at 8 hr, and Aβ40 at 24 hr. In contrast, nondenaturing PAGE revealed unique footprints for the different Aβ species. The rapidity of aggregate formation and the rapid transition to fibrils, particularly for the Osaka deletion, suggest an important role for aggregates/fibrils of Aβ in the development of neuronal degeneration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sialendoscopy for the management of juvenile recurrent parotitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ramakrishna Jayant , Strychowsky Julie , Gupta Michael , Sommer Doron D.
Published: November 2014

Objective

To determine the effectiveness and safety of sialendoscopy for the treatment of juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP). The study was conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.

Data Sources

A comprehensive search strategy in MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and Google Scholar was completed and limited to studies published in English. Relevant reference lists were reviewed.

Study Selection

Two independent reviewers selected prospective or retrospective studies of pediatric patients treated with interventional sialendoscopy for the management of JRP. Outcome measures included rates of successful treatment (no further episodes of parotid swelling or need for further sialendoscopy) and complications,

Data Extraction

Two reviewers appraised the level of evidence using the Oxford Clinical Evidence‐based Medicine (OCEBM) guidelines, extracted data, and resolved discrepancies by consensus. Weighted pooled proportion, 95% confidence interval (CI), and test results for heterogeneity and publication bias are reported.

Results

Seven studies were included. Levels of evidence varied from OCEBM level 3 to 4. The weighted pooled proportion of success rates for no further episodes by patient (n = 120) was 73% (95% CI: 64%‐82%) and by gland (n = 165) 81% (95% CI: 75%‐87%). The weighted pooled proportion of success rates for no further sialendoscopy by patient was 87% (95% CI: 81%‐93%). Heterogeneity was low, and publication bias was not detected. There were no major complications reported. Surgical techniques and endoscopic findings are summarized.

Conclusions

The results from this analysis suggest that sialendoscopy is effective and safe for the treatment of JRP and may be offered to appropriate patients.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 125:1472–1479, 2015
Algebraic method to synthesize specified modal currents in ladder resonators: Application to noncircular birdcage coils
Authors: De Zanche Nicola , Pruessmann Klaas P.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

Detectors such as birdcage coils often consist of networks of coupled resonant circuits that must produce specified magnetic field distributions. In many cases, such as quadrature asymmetric insert body coils, calculating the capacitance values required to achieve specified currents and frequencies simultaneously is a challenging task that previously had only approximate or computationally inefficient solutions.

Theory and Methods

A general algebraic method was developed that is applicable to linear networks having planar representations such as birdcage coils, transverse electromagnetic (TEM) coils, and numerous variants of ladder networks. Unlike previous iterative or approximate methods, the algebraic method is computationally efficient and determines current distribution and resonant frequency using a single matrix inversion. The method was demonstrated by specifying irregular current distributions on a highly elliptical birdcage coil at 3 Tesla.

Results

Measurements of the modal frequency spectrum and transmit field distribution of the two specified modes agrees with the theory. Accuracy is limited in practice only by how accurately the matrix of self and mutual inductances of the network is known.

Conclusion

The algebraic method overcomes the inability of the existing inductance equalization method to account for all elements of the inductance matrix and the inability to accommodate modal currents that are not (co)sinusoidal. Magn Reson Med 74:1470–1481, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and properties of stereo mixtures of enantiomeric block copolymers of polylactide and aliphatic polycarbonate
Authors: Kobayashi Koji , Kanmuri Shuhei , Kimura Yoshiharu , Masutani Kazunari
Published: November 2014

ABA triblock copolymers of polylactides (PLA: A) and aliphatic polycarbonates (APC: B) were prepared by ring‐opening polymerization of d‐ and l‐lactides with poly(hexamethylene carbonate) diol and poly(hexamethylene/pentamethylene carbonate) diol (PHPC) as macro‐initiators. The enantiomeric copolymers with similar block sequences (PLLA‐APC‐PLLA and PDLA‐APC‐PDLA) were mixed in a 1:1 weight ratio to form a stereocomplex of PLA blocks. The resultant stereo mixtures were found to be more thermally stable (up to 200 °C) than the single block copolymers. Polymer films of the stereo mixtures PLLA‐PHPC‐PLLA/PDLA‐PHPC‐PDLA exhibited higher elongation and lower modulus. It was therefore evident that the present enantiomeric block copolymer system can be applicable as a novel thermoplastic elastomer that is environmentally friendly in terms of its biobased nature and the use of carbon dioxide as feedstock. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry