bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State of populations of rare bivalves of the genus Middendorffi naia (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Primorsky Krai in 2024
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia, Prozorova Larisa A. , Barabanshchikov Evgeny I. ,   Pacific Branch of VNIRO (TINRO), Vladivostok, 690091, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

Information on the distribution of large bivalves of the genus Middendorffi naia in Primorsky
Krai has been clarifi ed. Both species of the genus are listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation:
Middendorffi naia mongolica (Middendorff , 1851) and M. sujfunensis Moskvicheva et Starobogatov, 1973.
Currently known populations of these species are listed, along with an assessment of their condition.
A reduction in the number and area of distribution of the species is demonstrated. The main threats and ways
for the Middendorffi naia species conservation in Primorsky Krai are discussed.
Life with tigers: maintenance and breeding of the Amur tiger in the Primorsky Krai in 1990–2017
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia, Yudin Victor G. , Yudina Elena V. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
Published: December 2024

Between 1990 and 2017 the authors carried out breeding and studied the biology of the Amur
tiger at a research station in the Gayvoron village, Primorsky Krai, Russia. Since 1994, tigers have been kept
in enclosures. Avoiding close contacts, we studied the habits, relationships in the family group, reproduction
processes, growth of tiger cubs and other aspects of the biology of the Amur tiger. The article outlines the
history of these events and summarizes the experience of enclosure keeping and breeding of this endangered
species, listed in all Red Data Books.
Влияние факторов космического полета на макро- и микроэлементный баланс у человека
Authors: Протасова О.В. , Крупянский Ю.Ф. , Максимова И.А. , Ушаков И.Б.
Published: December 2024

Обзорная статья посвящена изучению макро- и микроэлементного баланса в биологических субстратах с точки зрения химической и радиационной безопасности космических полетов.

The review article is devoted to the study of macro- and microelement balance in biological substrates from the point chemical and radiation safety of space flights. The review article is devoted to the study of macro- and microelement balance in biological substrates of chemical and radiation safety of space flights.
Структурные особенности супрамолекулярного дифенилфосфинсодержащего пероксодихлорокомплекса Rh(III), как определяющий фактор каталитической активности
Authors: Гусева Е.В. , Фесик Е.В.
Published: December 2024

Показана взаимосвязь между функциональными свойствами комплекса {KP1·4[RhIII (O2‒)·2(Cl-)]} и его составом на примере реакций комплексно-радикальной полимеризации виниловых мономеров (метилметакрилат, винилацетат) и гомогенного дегидрирования муравьиной кислоты. Выявленные закономерности протекания реакций в присутствии комплекса показали значительную роль пероксид-радикалов. Немаловажную роль выполняют объемные дифенилфосфиновые фрагменты и каликсрезорциновая матрица, способные выступать как регуляторы перераспределения электронной плотности совместно с ионами родия.

The relationship between the functional properties of the complex {KR1·4[RhIII(O2‒)·2(Cl-)]} and its composition is shown by the example of reactions of complex radical polymerization of vinyl monomers (methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate) and homogeneous dehydrogenation of formic acid. The revealed patterns of reactions in the presence of the complex have shown a significant role of peroxide radicals. An important role is played by volumetric diphenylphosphine fragments and a calixresorcin matrix, which can act as regulators of electron density redistribution together with rhodium ions.
Поглощение кислорода спиртово-водными растворами тройной системы эпоксид стирола – гидрохинон – пиридин
Authors: Петров Л.В. , Психа Б.Л. , Соляников В.М.
Published: December 2024

Эпоксиды известны как важные интермедиаты биотрансформации ароматических и олефиновых веществ, каталитически расходующиеся в присутствии кислот и солей переходных металлов. Обнаружено и кинетически изучено поглощение кислорода в реакторе манометрической установки тройной системой эпоксид стирола – гидрохинон – пиридин (ЭС – ГХ – Py). Скорость окисления в водном трет-бутаноле при объемном соотношении t-BuOH : H2O = 4 : 1 аппроксимируется выражением V = k[ЭС]1[Py]1[ГХ]0,3. Величина эффективной энергии активации, рассчитанная по температурной зависимости начальной скорости окисления, Ea = 36 ± 3,0 кДж/моль. Изучение расходования компонентов тройной системы с использованием высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии показало, что в отличие от ЭС и ГХ, пиридин не расходуется в ходе окисления. Эти данные свидетельствуют о каталитическом механизме действия пиридина в тройной системе.

Epoxides are known as important intermediates in the biotransformation of aromatic and olefinic substances, which catalytically are consumed inthe presence of acids and transition metal salts. The absorption of oxygen in the reactor of a manometric installation by the ternary system styrene epoxide – hydroquinone – pyridine (SE – HQ – Py) was discovered and kinetically studied. The oxidation rate in aqueoustert-butanol at a volume ratio of t-BuOH : H2O = 4 : 1is approximated by the expression V = k[SE]1[Py]1[HQ]0.3.The value of the effective activation energy, calculated from the temperature dependence of the initial oxidation rate, Ea = 36 ± 3.0 kJ/mol.A study of the consumption of the components of the ternary system using high-performance liquid chromatography, as opposed to SE and HQ,showed that pyridine is not consumed during oxidation. These data indicate a catalytic mechanism of pyridine action in the ternary system.
Локальные физико-химические свойства наночастиц
Authors: Гришин М.В. , Гатин А.К. , Дохликова Н.В. , Озерин С.А. , Сарвадий С.Ю. , Слуцкий В.Г. , Харитонов В.А.
Published: December 2024

Процессы взаимодействия газообразных реагентов с образованными из наночастиц металлов покрытиями, нанесенными на пиролитический графит, исследованы методами сканирующей туннельной микроскопии и спектроскопии. Показано, что физические и химические свойства области контакта наночастиц с подложкой и области наиболее удаленной от нее могут различаться. Одной из причин наблюдаемых эффектов является перенос электрического заряда между наночастицами и подложкой.

The processes of interaction of gaseous reagents with coatings formed from metal nanoparticles deposited on pyrolytic graphite have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. It is shown that the physical and chemical properties of the area of contact of nanoparticles with the substrate and the area furthest from the first one may differ. One of the reasons for the observed effects is the transfer of electric charge between the nanoparticles and the substrate.
DFT-моделирование адсорбции водорода на нанесенных на графит наночастицах никеля, платины и палладия
Authors: Руденко Е.И. , Дохликова Н.В. , Гатин А.К. , Гришин М.В.
Published: December 2024

Проведено DFT-моделирование адсорбции водорода на наночастицах Ni, Pt и Pd на графите. Рассчитывались энергии связи 13-атомных металлических кластеров на графите с различными дефектами с атомарным водородом. Исследовалось изменение плотности состояний атомов металлов при взаимодействии с этим адатомом. Платиновый кластер имеет наиболее активную вершину. Для палладиевого и никелевого кластеров вся поверхность реакционноспособна. Все приведенные выше выводы согласуются с результатами экспериментальных исследований.

DFT modeling of hydrogen adsorption on Ni, Pt and Pd nanoparticles on graphite has been performed. The binding energies of 13-atomic metal clusters on graphite with various defects with atomic hydrogen were calculated. The change in the density of states of metal atoms during interaction with this atom was studied. The platinum and nickel clusters has the most active top. For a palladium and nickel clusters, the entire surface is reactive. All the above conclusions are consistent with the results of experimental studies.
Закономерности процесса получения парадихлорбензола прямым хлорированием бензольного кольца. Обзор
Authors: Ковалева Н.Ю. , Шиянова К.А. , Шаповалова О.В. , Трегер Ю.А.
Published: December 2024

Парадихлорбензол (п-ДХБ) является важным химическим веществом с широким спектром применения от фумиганта и антисептика до основного сырья для производства ценного пластика полифениленсульфида. Синтез п-ДХБ осуществляется хлорированием бензола. Это сложный процесс, который предполагает применение различных типов технологических реакторов, температурных режимов и катализаторов. Одним из наиболее важных аспектов синтеза п-ДХБ является выбор катализатора. В обзоре рассмотрены преимущества и недостатки различных катализаторов. С целью улучшения селективности процесса по отношению к п-ДХБ было проведено много исследований, обобщение и анализ которых представлены в предлагаемой статье. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы каталитических реакций. В обзоре также рассматриваются проблемы выделения п-ДХБ из реакционной массы с описанием основных технологических приемов, используемых для преодоления этих трудностей. Показано, что оптимизация параметров процесса получения п-ДХБ имеет решающее значение для повышения эффективности его синтеза и снижения себестоимости производства.

Paradichlorobenzene (p-DCB) is an important chemical with a wide range of uses from fumigant and antiseptic to a key raw material for the production of valuable plastic polyphenylene sulfide. The synthesis of p-DCB is carried out by chlorination of benzene. This is a complex process that involves the use of various types of process reactors, temperature conditions and catalysts. One of the most important aspects of p-DCB synthesis is the choice of catalyst. The review examines the advantages and disadvantages of various catalysts. In order to improve the selectivity of the process with respect to p-DCB, many studies have been carried out, a summary and analysis of which are presented in this article. Possible mechanisms of catalytic reactions are discussed. The review also discusses the problems of isolating p-DCB from the reaction mass with a description of the main technological methods used to overcome these difficulties. It has been shown that optimization of the process parameters for the production of p-DCB is crucial for increasing the efficiency of its synthesis and reducing production costs.
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ ЧАСТИ СЛОЖНОГО ДОЛИННОГО ЛЕДНИКА МИЖИРГИ
Authors: Залиханов М.Ч. , Акшаяков З.Т. , Курашева О.А.
Published: December 2024

Представлена оценка современного состояния некоторых параметров языковой части сложного долинного ледника Мижирги, расположенного в бассейне реки Черек Безенгийский. Актуальность: ледник Мижирги относится к пульсирующим ледникам. Тыловая часть Мижирги напоминает цирк ледника Колка. В связи с чем необходимо вести систематические наблюдения за этим ледником. Цель работы: оценка современного состояния и характеристики темпов деградации языковой части ледника Мижирги. Методы исследования: в полевых условиях были проведены топографические съемки на языковой части ледника с использованием тахеометра LEICAFlexLineTS09, спутникового прибора Leica GS14 GSM+Radio, SOUTH G6, Garmin* GPS Map 60Cx. Исследования проводились в 2021-2022 гг. и охватили территорию языковой части ледника вглубь около одного километра. Результаты: представлены результаты измерений и подсчетов, проводимые на языковой части ледника Мижирги за 2021 и 2022 гг. Площадь исследуемого участка на языке ледника Мижирги составила 0,2687 и 0,3327 км2 за 2021 и 2022 гг., соответственно. Площадь отступившей части ледника за указанный период составила 19156 м2. Длина отступившей части ледника за год составила Max - 64 м и Min - 21 м.

An assessment of the current state of some parameters of the complex valley glacier Mizhirgi, located in the basin of the river Cherek Bezenghi is presented. Relevance - the Mizhirgi glacier belongs to pulsating glaciers. The rear part of the Mizhirga glacier resembles the cirque of the Kolka glacier. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct systematic observations of this glacier. The aim of the work is to assess the current state and characterize the degradation rates of the lingual part of the Mizhirga glacier. Research methods - topographic surveys of the lingual part of the glacier were carried out in the field using LEICA Flex Line TS09 total station, Leica GS14 GSM+Radio, Garmin* GPS Map 60Cx. The research was conducted in 2021-2022 and covered the territory of the tongue part of the glacier about one kilometer deep. Results of work - the results of measurements and calculations carried out on the tongue part of the Mizhirgi Glacier for 2021 and 2022 are presented. The area of the studied area on the tongue of the Mizhirgi Glacier amounted to 0.2687 and 0.3327 km2 for 2021 and 2022, respectively. The area of the retreated part of the glacier for the mentioned period amounted to 19156 m2. The maximum length of the retreated part of the glacier for the year was Max-64 m and Min-21 m.
БЕСПИЛОТНЫЕ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АППАРАТЫ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ВООРУЖЕННЫХ КОНФЛИКТАХ (история, основы применения)
Authors: Алайчиев У.К.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются основы применения, исторический анализ и методологические предпосылки создания беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) в современных вооруженных конфликтах. Приведены формы, методы и классификации БПЛА с анализом их использования, основных проблемных вопросов и возможных решений. В статье рассматриваются основы применения и исторический анализ, методологические предпосылки формирования беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) в современных вооруженных конфликтах. Приведены формы, способы и классификации БПЛА, дается анализ их применения, основные проблемные вопросы и возможные пути их решения. Так же, в ней изложены определение и основные задачи БПЛА становлении, подготовке, всестороннем обеспечении и боевом применении системы беспилотных летательных аппаратов военной организации государства. Кроме того, статья раскрывает применение БПЛА вооруженными силами иностранных государств, незаконными вооруженными формированиями, как в мирное, так и в военное время.

Макалада колдонуунун негиздери жана тарыхый талдоо, заманбап куралдуу кагылышууларда учкучсуз учуучу аппараттарды (УУА) түзүүнүн методологиялык өбөлгөлөрү каралат. УУАдын формалары, ыкмалары жана классификациялары келтирилген, аларды колдонуунун анализи, негизги көйгөйлүү маселелер жана мүмкүн болгон чечимдер берилген. Макалада заманбап куралдуу кагылышууларда учкучсуз учуучу аппараттардын (УУА) пайда болушунун негиздери жана тарыхый анализи, методологиялык өбөлгөлөрү каралат. УУАнын формалары, ыкмалары жана классификациялары келтирилген, алардын колдонулушун талдоо, негизги көйгөйлүү маселелер жана аларды чечүү жолдору берилген. Ошондой эле, ал мамлекеттин аскердик уюмунун учкучсуз учуучу аппараттар системасын түзүү, даярдоо, ар тараптуу камсыз кылуу жана аскердик колдонуу боюнча УУАнын аныктамасын жана негизги милдеттерин аныктайт. Мындан тышкары, макалада тынчтык жана согуш мезгилинде да чет мамлекеттердин куралдуу күчтөрүнүн, мыйзамсыз куралдуу түзүлүштөрдүн УУАны колдонуусу ачыкка чыгат.

The article discusses the basics of application and historical analysis, methodological prerequisites for the creation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in modern armed conflicts. The forms, methods and classifications of UAVs are presented with an analysis of their use, the main problematic issues and possible solutions. The article discusses the basics and historical analysis, methodological prerequisites for the emergence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in modern armed conflicts. The forms, methods and classifications of UAVs are listed, an analysis of their application is given, the main problematic issues and ways to solve them. It also defines the definition and main tasks of UAVs for the creation, training, comprehensive support and combat use of unmanned aerial vehicle systems of the military organization of the state. In addition, the article reveals the use of UAVs by the armed forces of foreign states, illegal armed formations, both in peacetime and in wartime.
UNLOCKING BUSINESS GROWTH IN EAST JAVA'S SMES: THE SYNERGY OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES FUELING INNOVATION AMBIDEXTERITY
Authors: Aini Edlyn Khurotul , Yuliaji Eliana Sandy
Published: December 2024

This research seeks to delve into the role of Knowledge Management Capability (KMC), Dynamic Capability (DC), and Ambidexterity Innovation (IA) in fostering Business Performance (BP) amongst Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the province of East Java. A quantitative approach was employed for this study, distributing questionnaires to various SMEs in East Java. Employing a non-probability sampling technique, 96 SMEs in East Java were selected as respondents based on Cochran's formula. The data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the interrelations among the constructs. This study provides a deeper understanding of how Knowledge Management Capability and Dynamic Capability contribute to Ambidexterity Innovation. The findings also suggest how Ambidexterity Innovation potentially boosts the Business Performance of SMEs in East Java. This research is distinguished by its emphasis on the interplay of Knowledge Management Capability and Dynamic Capability in influencing Innovation Ambidexterity within the context of East Java's SMEs.JEL: J24; O15; O32.
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND EMPLOYEE GREEN BEHAVIOURS: MEDIATION EFFECT ADAPTIVE LEADERSHIP
Authors: Pujianto Wahyu Eko , Purwono Rudi , Mudzakkir Mohammad Fakhruddin , Dyatmika Sutama Wisnu , Paraswati Ajeng Dyah , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Tedyono Rico , Mayangsari Agni Shanti
Published: December 2024

Organisations face various environmental challenges that ultimately influence their green practices, particularly among employees. The study aims to test and analyse the effect of environmental awareness on green behavior, with adaptive leadership acting as a mediator. The research was conducted in the food industry in East Java, involving 173 respondents, 32 managers, and 141 employees. The sampling technique was non-probability sampling, with purposive sampling used for sample selection. Data analysis was conducted using quantitative methods, specifically SEM-PLS with Mplus 8 software, to test research hypotheses. The results indicate that environmental awareness has a significant positive effect on employee green behaviour and adaptive leadership. Furthermore, adaptive leadership has a significant positive effect on employee green behaviour. This study also finds that environmental awareness variables positively impact green behaviour, mediated by adaptive leadership in food industry companies in East Java. These findings contribute to the food industry by enhancing green practices, promoting environmental sustainability, and meeting consumer expectations for green products.JEL: D23.
Breaking the trade-off between oil film thickness and viscous friction – n-alcohol-containing lubricants in high-pressure contacts
Authors: Reddyhoff Thomas , Montgomery Wren , Suhaimee Muhammad , Deshpande Pushkar , Xia Yunhao , Wang Peng , Ewen James
Published: December 2024

Low-friction lubricant formulations are urgently needed to improve the energy efficiency of machines. Here, we show that blending 1-dodecanol with a hydrocarbon oil improves lubrication in non-conformal sliding/rolling contacts by simultaneously increasing hydrodynamic film thickness and reducing viscous friction. This is due to pressure-induced polymorphic phase transformations in the 1-dodecanol molecules after they flow through the film thickness-determining inlet and reach the load-supporting zone. At relatively low pressures, 1-dodecanol forms a lamellar hexagonal solid polymorph that gives durable superlubricity then, at higher pressures, it forms an orthorhombic polymorph. Both polymorphs cause anomalously low friction when blended into various hydrocarbon base oils over a wide range of speed, pressure, and shear rate conditions representative of rolling bearing and gear contacts. By breaking the ubiquitous trade-off between friction and film thickness, and enabling superlubricity, these blends pave the way for considerable energy efficiency improvements in widespread lubricated contacts.
Polymorphic ROYalty: The 14th ROY Polymorph Discovered via High-Throughput Crystallization
Authors: Weatherston Jake , Probert Michael , Hall Michael John
Published: December 2024

Polymorphism, when a substance can exist in more than one crystalline form yet return to the same liquid or solution phase, is characterized by differences in packing or molecular conformation. Polymorphs often exhibit differing physical properties, and they are therefore particularly important in the development of materials and pharmaceuticals. However, gaining a thorough understanding of the solid-state landscape of a molecule requires exhaustive experimental screening of crystallization conditions, a particular challenge when using classical crystallization methods. We show that high-throughput Encapsulated Nanodroplet Crystallization (ENaCt) can enable the rapid and efficient exploration of the solid-state landscape of highly polymorphic molecules, through an in-depth study of 5-methyl-2-((2-nitrophenyl)amino)thiophene-3-carbonitrile (ROY), the most polymorphic small molecule known. An ENaCt screen encompassing 1,536 individual crystallization experiments, spanning 320 unique conditions, resulted in direct access to single crystals, suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis, for all six of the known polymorphs accessible from solution (Y, R, YN, ON, ORP and R18). In addition, two polymorphs (Y04 and Y19) previously accessed only via melt and heteroseeded melt experiments, and a new polymorph of ROY (O22), the fourteenth to be discovered, were obtained. Furthermore, ENaCt screening resulted in the identification of the first ROY solvate (ROY•methyl anthranilate) and the first example of a ROY dimer, formed via in situ oxidation. ENaCt is thus shown to be an impactful tool for the experimental mapping of the solid-state landscape of highly polymorphic molecules and, through the discovery of a new polymorph O22, has ensured that tetradecamorphic ROY retains the world record for most polymorphic small molecule.
Long-COVID, severe course, with congenital bronchiectasis, Williams–Campbell syndrome. Case report
Authors: Pribylov Sergey A. , Maslova Tatyana A. , Pribylov Vladislav S. , Leonidova Kristina O. , Pribylova Nadezhda N. , Kuts Anna P.
Published: December 2024

We present a clinical observation of an 18-year-old female patient with congenital bronchiectasis combined with congenital cystic degeneration of the upper lobes of both lungs, Williams–Campbell syndrome, long-COVID, severe course. The patient was treated in infectious disease department (three times), with subsequent transfer to pulmonology department of Kursk Regional Multi-Purpose Clinical Hospital from 31.01.2023 to 02.05.2023. The patient was going to have lung transplantation, registered in Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs earlier. The patient was transported by air ambulance escorted by the resuscitation team to the Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs on 02.05.2023 with negative PCR COVID-19 test. The literature data on the frequency of association of these diseases, clinical features, criteria for diagnosis and treatment, indications for lung transplantation are presented.
Combined echinococcosis of the lungs, heart and liver: clinic, diagnosis and treatment. Case report
Authors: Reznik Elena V. , Iarovoi Maksim D. , Zavialova Svetlana А. , Umakhanova Shahrizat M. , Grigorievskaya Aleksandra S. , Makolin Oleg I. , Semeniakin Igor V.
Published: December 2024

Echinococcosis or hidatid disease is a parasitic illness which is caused by the most common pathogens Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilocularis and E. oligarthrus. When the agent gets into the organism, it penetrates the organ and forms a cyst. Cysts are located more often (75%) in the liver where they exist without any clinical manifestation. They can be located in other internal organs: lungs, the heart and others. The localization of cysts in several organs simultaneously is a very rare case. The article aims to demonstrate a patient who had a combined echinococcosis of the lungs, heart and liver.
The effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in patients with severe bronchial asthma
Authors: Ignatova Galina L. , Avdeev Sergey N. , Antonov Vladimir N. , Blinova Elena V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article discusses topical issues of the use of conjugated 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine Prevenar®13 (PCV13) in patients with severe bronchial asthma (SBA), including those receiving targeted therapy with genetically engineered biological drugs (GEBD).
Aim. To study the effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal infection (PI) in patients with SBA.
Materials and methods. The study included 381 patients with SBA. The average age in the study groups was 45.5 (42.0; 52.5) years. All patients underwent clinical and instrumental studies, including spirography with bronchodilation test. After confirming the diagnosis of BA, the patients were divided into 2 observation groups. Group 1 (n=191) consisted of patients undergoing treatment with GEBD. Group 2 included patients with asthma receiving standard therapy, according to the 4th-5th stage according to the criteria of the Global Initiative for Asthma 2022 (Global Initiative for Asthma – GINA). The observation group consisted of 190 patients. In each group, there are subgroups of patients who have been vaccinated against PI and have not been vaccinated for various reasons. The following criteria were used as the main endpoints of observation for 12 months to assess the effectiveness: the number of pneumonia during the observation period, the number of exacerbations of asthma (severe, non–severe), the number of hospitalizations, the duration of exacerbations, the level of control according to the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ5), functional indicators.
Results. The coverage of PI vaccination in patients with BA remains quite low, further organizational and methodological work is required to increase their involvement in vaccination. Immunization of PCV13 in patients with SBA at the 4th-5th stage of therapy reduces the risk of community-acquired pneumonia by at least 28.5%. PCV13 vaccination may be an additional effective tool for controlling the symptoms of SBA, including in patients undergoing treatment with GEBD. Vaccination allows to normalize the functional parameters of respiratory function in patients with SBA. PCV13 is well tolerated and does not cause any significant allergic reactions in patients with asthma.
Conclusion. PCV13 vaccination is an effective tool for reducing the risk of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with severe bronchial asthma, including those on targeted therapy with genetically engineered biological drugs.
Prediction of the course of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridioides difficile based on clinical and laboratory characteristics of the disease
Authors: Ermolenko Konstantin D. , Potapova Tatiana V. , Silav Kseniia V. , Zhdanov Konstantin V. , Lioznov Dmitry A. , Gusev Denis A.
Published: December 2024

Background. The most severe complications of antibiotic use are clostridial infection (CDI) and pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). There is a need for further study of these conditions and identification of their triggers.
Aim. To identify risk factors for severe forms of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridioides difficile.
Materials and methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of 440 patients with CDI who were treated at Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital was conducted. CDI was confirmed by detection of toxins A and B of C. difficile in feces using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatography. Metronidazole (2 g/day, in patients without comorbid pathology) and vancomycin (0.5–2 g/day) were used as a starting drug for up to 14 days. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using the Statistica for Windows, v.10 (StatSoft, USA) program.
Results. CDI was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 202 (45.91%) patients, immunochromatography – in 149 (33.86%), endoscopically – in 203 (46.14%). CDI was most frequently recorded in 2 age groups of patients: 18–30 years old – in 137 (31.14%); over 60 years old – in 205 (46.59%). CDI was characterized by a combination of colitic and intoxication syndromes. In 43 (9.77%) patients the disease resulted in death. The diagnosis of PMС was established in 61 (13.86%) people. The risks of developing PMC when prescribing antibacterial drugs decreased in the following order: fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, macrolides, penicillins, nitrofurans and chloramphenicol. Probiotic drugs reduced the risk of developing PMC (relative risk 0.5 [0.3; 0.7]; p=0.002).
Conclusion. PMC was characterized by a combination of diarrhea, intoxication and abdominal pain. The formation of PMC was preceded by courses of antibacterial drugs of the fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin groups, eradication therapy for Helicobacter infection, the use of high doses of glucocorticosteroids, as well as intestinal superinfection in patients with previous episodes of CDI.
A multimodal approach to the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. Case report
Authors: Mandra Ekaterina V. , Kim Alina D.
Published: December 2024

In painful diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), an integrated approach is effective, including kinesiotherapy, sleep hygiene, an educational program, and pharmacological agents if indicated. A case of a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus and a painful DPN is presented. The patient received metabolic therapy for a long time, an anticonvulsant at doses that are not the safest in diabetic nephropathy. At the neurological center, the patient's dosage of analgesics was adjusted, and a complex therapy was tailored to improve comorbidities. After 3 months, during therapy, the patient reported decreased neuropathic pain in the legs, decreased hypodynamia level, partial normalization of her emotional state, and normalization of sleep quality. Risk factors for developing neuropathic pain in DPN and effective methods for its treatment as part of a multidisciplinary approach are discussed.
Wallenberg–Zakharchenko syndrome in vascular neurology emergency care: A review
Authors: Kulesh Aleksey A. , Demin Dmitry A.
Published: December 2024

Wallenberg–Zakharchenko syndrome associated with lateral medullary infarction has been known to neurologists since the end of the 19th century. However, to this day, its diagnosis is challenging due to the polymorphic, atypical, and rapidly changing clinical manifestations. Timely verification of the syndrome provides essential information regarding its etiology and also prevents serious complications. The paper presents clinical and anatomical correlates of lateral medullary infarction, its etiology, features of the clinical presentation, complications, and prognosis. In conclusion, a diagnostic algorithm that can be used in everyday practice is given.
Prevalence and structure of sleep disorders in neurological, psychiatric and somatic hospitals
Authors: Petelin Dmitry S. , Golovatyuk Andrey O. , Volel Beatrice A. , Brovko Mikhail Yu. , Sorokina Olga Yu. , Troshina Daria V. , Rozhkov Dmitri O. , Bulanov Nikolay M. , Sokolova Paraskovya S. , Poluektov Mikhail G.
Published: December 2024

Background. Today it is well known that the structure of sleep disorders and frequency of complaints about sleep disorders depend on the diseases profile. Emotional and behavioral features of patients with different disease profile are important factors affecting the development of sleep disorders.
Aim. To estimate difference of sleep disorders according to the profile of the disease and to assess the emotional and psychological factors that may influence sleep disorders.
Materials and methods. A total of 300 patients participated in the study: 100 from every department (neurological, psychiatric and pulmonological). To assess the quality of sleep Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used; data from the Spielberger anxiety scale, a 5-factor personality questionnaire, and a questionnaire for evaluating coping strategies (coping strategies) were used to assess personal and emotional factors.
Results. Patients from the psychotherapeutic group appeared to be more likely to complain of sleep disorders in general. They also had an average Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score higher than patients from neurological and somatic hospitals. In the group of patients with a neurological profile loud snoring is more often reason for sleep disturbing. Awakenings due to difficulties in breathing were more often detected in the group of somatic profile. Situational and personal anxiety influenced the structure of sleep disorders regardless of the disease profile.
Conclusion. The use of various coping strategies has the greatest impact on the presence of sleep disorders in the group of patients with a somatic profile, to a lesser extent – in the group of neurological profile.
Consistent use injectable and oral chondroprotectors in patients with osteoarthritis and lower back pain. Case report
Authors: Shavlovskaya Olga A. , Romanov Igor D. , Bokova Irina A.
Published: December 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the entire joint, including structural changes in hyaline articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovial membrane and periarticular muscles. One of the causes of the development of nonspecific chronic lower back pain (LBP) is OA of the facet joints. In the treatment of OA and LBP against the background of OA facet joints, the chondroprotective agents are widely used: chondroitin sulfate (CS), glucosamine sulfate, undenatured type II collagen and their combinations. The aim of the article is to systematize the possibilities of practical application of Chondroguard TRIO® in patients with OA of different phenotypes and different localization. The experience of sequential administration of CS in patients (n=11) with OA and LBP with comorbid diseases is presented. At the initial stage of therapy, CS (Chondroguard®) was prescribed intramuscularly according to the scheme, then CS was prescribed perorally as part of a pharmaconutraceutical (Chondroguard® TRIO). The original pharmaconutraceutical Chondroguard® TRIO contains recommended doses of CS (1200 mg), glucosamine sulfate (1500 mg), undenatured type II collagen (40 mg). Clinical cases of the use of sequential administration of chondroprotectors (stage 1 – intramuscularly Chondroguard®, stage 2 – perorally Chondroguard® TRIO) demonstrate the clinical effectiveness of the proposed treatment regimen in patients of different age groups and OA phenotypes (posttraumatic, metabolic).
Fractures of vertebrae and peripheral bones in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (based on long-term observation)
Authors: Kovalenko Polina S. , Dydykina Irina S. , Postnikova Polina O. , Glukhova Svetlana I. , Smirnov Alexander V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fractures occur on average 2–3 times more often than in the general population. Data on the incidence of vertebral fractures in RA is controversial and depends on the detection method.
Aim. To determine the incidence of vertebral and peripheral bone fractures in patients with RA during long-term prospective follow-up.
Materials and methods. A prospective multi-year cohort non-interventional study included 120 women with RA (mean age at enrollment 54.3±8.9 years), with a follow-up of 9.5±1.9 years. Initially and then repeatedly, a clinical, laboratory and radiological examination was performed: X-ray morphometry of the spine according to the Genant method, X-ray densitometry of the lumbar spine (LI-LIV) and femoral neck.
Results. During the follow-up period, there were 104 low-energy fractures in 64 (53%) patients: 69 (66%) vertebral fractures and 35 (34%) peripheral fractures. Two or more fractures occurred in 25 (39%) subjects. In 30 (25%) patients, 52 fractures occurred repeatedly. Among peripheral fractures, the most frequent localization was fractures of the distal forearm and lower leg bones. Patients with fractures during the follow-up period were also more likely to have fractures before enrollment in the study, had an initially longer duration of RA, a mean daily dose, cumulative dose, and duration of glucocorticoid administration, and a lower bone mineral density in the main parts of the skeleton, determined by densitometry. There was no effect of RA activity on DAS-28, rheumatoid factor positivity, or antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide on fractures.
Conclusion. More than half of the patients had low-energy fractures during the observation period, the most common being fractures of the vertebrae, distal forearm, and lower leg bones; a high frequency of repeated fractures was reported. The analysis of risk factors showed that a long duration of RA, a mean daily dose, cumulative dose, and prolonged use of glucocorticoids, a history of low-energy fractures, and low bone mineral density were associated with the occurrence of fractures in patients with RA.
Chapter 7. The dark patterns policy of tomorrow
Authors:   Maastricht University, Roșca Constanța ,   Leiden University
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses the need for changes in consumer protection laws to better address digital harms caused by dark patterns. It explores various policy options and recommendations for regulating these manipulative practices, emphasizing the importance of clarity and legal certainty in the laws. The author suggests a more practical approach may involve directly regulating user interface design to protect consumers.
Understanding attitudes to Travellers and Roma in Ireland
Authors: Carron-Kee Evan , McGinnity Frances , Alamir Anousheh
Published: December 2024

This study investigates attitudes to Irish Travellers and Roma in Ireland. Travellers are an Irish ethnic group. The Roma community is diverse in terms of linguistic and national backgrounds: many Roma came to live in Ireland in the past 30 years though some were born here. While they are distinct ethnic groups, Travellers and Roma are both marginalised in Irish society: experiencing discrimination and socio-economic disadvantage. Understanding the attitudes of the general population towards Travellers and Roma is important to assess the opportunities and barriers to their social inclusion. This report is based on a unique survey on attitudes to diversity from 2023, which surveyed a large representative sample of respondents living in Ireland about how comfortable they would be having a range of social groups as neighbours, in a love relationship with their child or in their childâ€™s class at school. The survey analysis is supplemented by recent figures using Census 2022 data on the situation of Irish Travellers and Roma compared to the White Irish population.
Cellulase and protease assisted sugar germination on quality improvement of
Robusta coffee in comparison to Arabica coffee
Authors: Nurubay B.N. , Abdul Haiyee Z. , Abdul Salam N.A.A.
Published: December 2024

Arabica and Robusta coffee are the two main coffee tree species that are cultivated around
the world. Premium Arabica coffee is rich in flavour and aroma. Meanwhile, the cheaper
Robusta coffee has a bitter taste, a muddy odour, and a weaker aroma and flavour. This
study aimed to improve the quality of Robusta coffee through cellulase and protease
assisted germination. Germination results in producing flavour precursors and can be
accelerated by degrading the endosperm of coffee beans through the activity of cellulase
and protease. Quality parameters were based on morphological study (scanning electron
microscope [SEM]), flavour profile analysis (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [GC-MS]) and sensory evaluation. Results indicated that sugar-and enzyme-added germinated
Robusta (R5) has similar morphological characteristics and pH values to Arabica. Flavour
profile analysis indicated that 2-Furanmethanol of treated Robusta, which contributes to
bitter taste, was decreased compared to untreated Robusta (control). In sensory evaluation,
the final score of sensory properties of germinated Robusta (R2), enzyme-added Robusta
(R3), and sugar-and enzyme-added germinated (R5) was improved, which indicated that
there was no significant difference (p>0.05) compared to Arabica. These results showed
that the proposed additional processing method of green coffee beans in this study was
able to improve the quality of cheaper Robusta coffee which has some similar properties
to premium Arabica.
Assessing the Impact of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Motivation Theory on Job Satisfaction: A Study of Employees in the Punjab Healthcare Commission
Authors: Jaffar Haider , Munir Aamir Jawad , Waqas Malik Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Herzberg’s Two-Factor Motivation Theory provides a critical framework for understanding job satisfaction by distinguishing between intrinsic motivators and extrinsic hygiene factors. The research emphasizes a direct proportional relationship between Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory and job satisfaction, where an increase in intrinsic motivators positively correlates with heightened job satisfaction.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to address the research gap in the healthcare sector by evaluating employee satisfaction through Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, providing actionable insights for optimizing workplace motivation within the Punjab Healthcare Commission.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study explores the application of Herzberg's theory in the context of the Punjab Healthcare Commission (PHC), employing a quantitative research approach. A stratified sample of 150 employees, categorized across four grading levels, was analyzed using SPSS software.
Findings: Findings highlight that intrinsic factor such as the nature of work, career advancement, and responsibility coupled with recognition significantly enhance job satisfaction. While extrinsic factors like salary and status also contribute to job satisfaction, their impact was comparatively less pronounced. Additionally, supervision and work environment were found to have notable effects, demonstrating the complementary role of hygiene factors alongside motivators
Mistrz Wincenty i debitum coniugale. Refleksja nad obowiązkiem małżeńskim
Authors: Morawska Karolina
Published: December 2024

The aim of this article is to analyse a wellknown and often discussed passage from the Chronica Polonorum by Wincenty Kadłubek (Book 2, Chapter 18), which mentions the rebellion of the serfs that took place when the Generous was on a prolonged military expedition. According to the account, the rebels took over their masters’ houses and had carnal relations with their wives and daughters. After Bolesław’s return, both the rebels and the women were severely punished. Kadłubek writes that, as a result of these events, Bolesław experienced a moral transformation: a paragon of virtue from the first chapters of the chronicle became a tyrant. The passage in question has usually been analysed with a focus on one of the three following aspects: the credibility of the account of the conflict between Bolesław and Bishop Stanisław of Szczepanów, who supposedly tried to stop the king from excessive cruelty; the historicity of the account; the reason for the application of such brutal, and unparalleled, punishments to women for adultery. In this article, I propose an entirely new approach, namely, treating this passage as one of the first Polish sources on an extremely interesting issue in the field of marriage law: the debitum coniugale, or conjugal debt, which was of much greater importance in medieval culture than it might seem on the basis of only a cursory reading of the sources.
Raz jeszcze o Margareth von der Beke. Przyczynek do kwestii roli kobiet w pielęgnowaniu pamięci o rodzinie
Authors: Możejko Beata
Published: December 2024

This article is a contribution on the role of women in keeping the memory of the family in the Middle Ages. Margareth von der Beke, a Benedictine nun from Toruń born in Gdańsk, was the youngest of 13 children of Johann and Ursula von der Beke. Her father came to Gdańsk from Cologne in the late 1360s. In unknown circumstances, when his 13 children were already born, he set off on a pilgrimage to Rome, from which he never returned. This information is reported in a notarial instrument of 14 July 1466, issued at the request of Margareth von der Beke. The document was a protest against the decision of Margareth’s nephew David von der Beke to sell the rights to the family chapel of the Eleven Thousand Virgins in St Mary’s Church in Gdańsk to the Gdańsk burgher Philip Bischof.
Perkembangan Gending Dalam Pertunjukan Kuda Kepang Di Desa Tegal Arum Rimbo Bujang Provinsi Jambi (Development of Gending in the Braided Horse Show in Tegal Arum Rimbo Bujang Village, Jambi Province)
Authors: Septyansyah Ridho Bagas , Supriando Supriando , Enida Delfi
Published: December 2024

GGending merupakan bagian yang sangat penting dalam pertunjukan kesenian tradisional Jawa kuda kepang, karena Gending berfungsi sebagai musik yang untuk mengiringi tarian dalam pertunjukan kuda kepang. Kuda kepang telah lama tumbuh dan berkembang di pulau Jawa. Namun kemudian kesenian ini mulai tersebar di luar pulau Jawa sebagai akibat dari difusi kebudayaan, sehingga dimungkinkan terjadi perkembangan Gending dalam pertunjukan kuda kepang di wilayah baru dengan kawasan yang bernama Rimbo Bujang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan Gending pada pertunjukan kuda kepang di Paguyuban Turonggo Eko Warno Budoyo Desa Tegal Arum Provinsi Jambi. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan sosiologis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pertunjukan Gending di Paguyuban Turonggo Eko Warno Budoyo Desa Tegal Arum Provinsi Jambi mengalami perkembangan dari segi alat musik yang dimainkan mengalami penambahan jumlah dan lagu-lagu yang dimainkan juga mengalami penambahan serta penambahan pemain musik yang muda-muda.ABSTRACTGending is a very important part of the traditional Javanese art performance of Kuda Kepang, because gending functions as music to accompany the dance in the Kuda Kepang show. The braid horse has long been growing and developing on the island of Java. But then this art began to spread outside Java as a result of cultural diffusion, so that it was possible for the development of gending in horse braid performances in a new area called Rimbo Bujang. The purpose of this study was to determine the development of Gending in the horse braid show at the Turonggo Eko Warno Budoyo Association, Tegal Arum Village, Jambi Province. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive analysis research method with a sociological approach. The results of this study indicate that gending performances at the Turonggo Eko Warno Budoyo Association, Tegal Arum Village, Jambi Province experienced developments in terms of the musical instruments being played, experiencing an increase in the number and songs being played also experienced additions and addition of young music players.