bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic permittivity of confined water under a static background field
Authors: Bratko D. , Mulpuri N.
Published: October 2024

Molecular and collective reorientations in interfacial water are by-and-large decelerated near surfaces subjected to outgoing electric fields (pointing from surface to liquid, i.e., when the surface carries positive charge). In incoming fields at negatively charged surfaces, these rates show a nonmonotonic dependence on field strength where fastest reorientations are observed when the field alignment barely offsets the polarizing effects due to interfacial hydrogen bonding. This extremum coincides with a peak of local static permittivity. We use molecular dynamics simulations to explore the impact of background static field on high frequency AC permittivity in hydration water under an electric field mimicking the conditions inside a capacitor where one of the confinement walls is subject to an outgoing field and the other one to an incoming field. At strong static fields, the absorption peak undergoes a monotonic blue shift upon increasing field strength in both hydration layers. At intermediate fields, however, the hydration region at the wall under an incoming field (the negative capacitor plate) features a red shift coinciding with maximal static-permittivity and reorientation-rate. The shift is mostly determined by the variation of the inverse static dielectric constant as proposed for mono-exponentially decaying polarization correlations. Conversely, hydration water at the opposite (positively charged) surface features a monotonic blue shift consistent with conventional saturation. The sensitivity of absorption peaks on the field suggests that surface charge densities could be deduced from sub-THz dielectric spectroscopy experiments in porous materials when interfaces accommodate a major fraction of water contained in the system.
Liming acidic soils creates profits, land use options but often more emissions
Authors: Kharel S. , d’Abbadie C. , Abadi Ghadim A. , Gazey C. , Kingwell R.
Published: October 2024

Context Soil acidity constrains crop production in Australia. The practice of liming can reduce soil acidity but produces greenhouse gas emissions. Aims By examining land use sequences over three decades at a range of locations in Western Australia, this study aims to identify firstly where and when liming might boost farm profits and secondly, what emissions and land use management flexibilities are generated by liming. Methods Bioeconomic simulation modelling is used to identify the gross margins and emissions associated with liming in land use sequences at 14 locations in Western Australia. Three intensities of cropping and three different rotational sequences are considered. The simulations account for price and weather–year variations across a 30-year period of analysis. Key results Liming is profitable at almost all locations and across all rotation sequences examined. Where problematic soil acidity is a feature or is poised to soon become a problem at a location, liming is a profitable ameliorative practice that enables greater diversity in land use. For most situations assessed, liming increases emissions. The exceptions are at locations where liming prevents a switch away from a crop-dominant system, due to soil acidity reducing crop yields, into additional sheep production that increases emissions. Conclusions Liming is profitable in most acidic soil situations and preserves land use flexibility, although additional greenhouse gas emissions are often generated. Implications Liming acidic soils bolsters land use profitability and helps sustain biologically diverse land use sequences, despite often increasing greenhouse gas emissions.
Constitutive sodium permeability in a
Caenorhabditis elegans
two-pore domain potassium channel
Authors: Andrini Olga , Ben Soussia Ismail , Tardy Philippe , Walker Denise S. , Peña-Varas Carlos , Ramírez David , Gendrel Marie , Mercier Marine , El Mouridi Sonia , Leclercq-Blondel Alice , González Wendy , Schafer William R. , Jospin Maelle , Boulin Thomas
Published: October 2024

Two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels play a central role in modulating cellular excitability and neuronal function. The unique structure of the selectivity filter in K2P and other potassium channels determines their ability to allow the selective passage of potassium ions across cell membranes. The nematode
C. elegans
has one of the largest K2P families, with 47 subunit-coding genes. This remarkable expansion has been accompanied by the evolution of atypical selectivity filter sequences that diverge from the canonical TxGYG motif. Whether and how this sequence variation may impact the function of K2P channels has not been investigated so far. Here, we show that the UNC-58 K2P channel is constitutively permeable to sodium ions and that a cysteine residue in its selectivity filter is responsible for this atypical behavior. Indeed, by performing in vivo electrophysiological recordings and Ca
2+
imaging experiments, we demonstrate that UNC-58 has a depolarizing effect in muscles and sensory neurons. Consistently,
unc-58
gain-of-function mutants are hypercontracted, unlike the relaxed phenotype observed in hyperactive mutants of many neuromuscular K2P channels. Finally, by combining molecular dynamics simulations with functional studies in
Xenopus laevis
oocytes, we show that the atypical cysteine residue plays a key role in the unconventional sodium permeability of UNC-58. As predicting the consequences of selectivity filter sequence variations in silico remains a major challenge, our study illustrates how functional experiments are essential to determine the contribution of such unusual potassium channels to the electrical profile of excitable cells.
Making lipids very unhappy to discover how they bind to proteins
Authors: Stefan Christopher , Covino Roberto
Published: October 2024

Membrane lipid composition is maintained by conserved lipid transfer proteins, but computational approaches to study their lipid-binding mechanisms are limiting. Srinivasan et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202312055) develop a clever molecular dynamics simulations assay to accurately model lipid-binding poses in lipid transfer proteins.
Gyroscope in-assembly drift anomaly detection based on decision re-optimized deep auto-encoder
Authors: Fan Wuyang , Fu Song , Zhong Shisheng
Published: October 2024

In dynamic servo gyroscope assembly, frequent drift performance overproof causes massive part re-assembly and write-off, for which in-assembly gyro drift anomaly detection is required. However, when utilizing common anomaly detection methods, imbalanced assembly data distribution causes severe accuracy reduction and false alarms. To tackle these problems, we first propose a decision re-optimized deep autoencoder model to conduct in-assembly drift anomaly detection under imbalanced assembly data distribution. Second, a decision-based training strategy is introduced to lower the false alarm rate in anomaly detection, for which models based on different training strategies are compared for better performance. Third, a modified SMOTE data augmentation method is utilized to settle the impact of data imbalance under small-sample conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve in-assembly drift anomaly detection under imbalanced data distribution with high precision and outperforms all other existing methods, lowering the assembly repetition rate and improving assembly efficiency.
Certification of multi-qubit quantum systems with temporal inequalities
Authors: Sharma Gautam , Jebarathinam Chellasamy , Sazim Sk , Augusiak Remigiusz
Published: October 2024

Demonstrating contextual correlations in quantum theory through the violation of a non-contextuality inequality necessarily needs some ‘contexts’ and thus assumes some compatibility relations between the measurements. As a result, any self-testing protocol based on the maximal violation of such inequality is not free from such assumptions. In this work, we propose temporal inequalities derived from non-contextuality inequalities for multi-qubit systems without assuming any compatibility relations among the measurements. We demonstrate that the new inequalities can be maximally violated via a sequential measurement scenario. Moreover, using the maximal violation of these temporal inequalities, we are able to certify the multi-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states and the measurements.
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electric dipole forbidden transition in Rb as a non-perturbing probe of atom dynamics in an operating magneto-optical trap
Authors: Hoyos-Campo L M , Ponciano-Ojeda F S , Ramírez-Martínez F , Flores-Mijangos J , Sánchez D Sahagún , Jáuregui R , Jiménez-Mier J
Published: October 2024

Results of spectroscopy experiments using the

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electric dipole forbidden transition in cold rubidium atoms are presented. Production of this forbidden transition is detected by observing the emission of the 420 nm fluorescence photons that result from the decay of the

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state into the ground state. The experiments are performed under the steady state operation conditions of a magneto-optical trap (MOT), and thus provide non-perturbing information on the atom-light system. The hyperfine structure of the

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level is completely resolved, and the fluorescence peaks show the expected Autler–Townes (AT) splitting of the emission lines. This hyperfine structure is used to calibrate the frequency scale of all spectra recorded. A combination of this absolute frequency scale and an expression for the AT profile allows an absolute determination of the effective Rabi frequency and detuning of the MOT. The behavior of these AT doublets is studied as a function of frequency detuning and also as a function of the trapping light intensity. The experiments also take full advantage of the strong polarization dependence of the relative intensities of the hyperfine fluorescence components. This study results in a sensitive probe of the relative populations of the magnetic sublevel projections relative to the trapping magnetic field gradient. An almost isotropic population distribution was found, but small deviations from isotropy could be determined with this electric dipole forbidden probe.
Growth and shrinkage of tissue sheets on substrates: buds, buckles, and pores
Authors: Noguchi Hiroshi , Elgeti Jens
Published: October 2024

Many tissues take the form of thin sheets, being only a single cell thick, but millions of cells wide. These tissue sheets can bend and buckle in the third dimension. In this work, we investigated the growth and shrinkage of suspended and supported tissue sheets using particle-based simulations. We construct a minimum model, combining particle-based tissue growth and meshless membrane models, to simulate the growth of tissue sheets with mechanical feedback. Free suspended growing tissues exhibit wrinkling when growth is sufficiently fast. Conversely, tissues on a substrate form buds when the adhesion to the substrate is weak and/or when the friction with the substrate is strong. These buds undergo a membrane-mediated attraction and subsequently fuse. The complete detachment of tissues from the substrate and straight buckled bump formation are also obtained at very weak adhesion and/or fast growth rates. In the tissue shrinkage, tissue pores grow via Ostwald ripening and coalescence. The reported dynamics can also be applied in research on the detachment dynamics of different tissues with weakened adhesion.
Modeling for formation of microdroplets prepared by pulsated orifice ejection method
Authors: Xu Fumin , Chen Shouren , Dong Wei , Zhao Yang
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the preparation of metallic microdroplets by pulsed orifice ejection method. Computational fluid dynamics simulations, combined with volume-of-fluid model, were employed to analyze the jet break-up and droplet formation behaviors of various metallic materials within a certain Weber number (We) range. An energy-based physical model under inlet boundary conditions was established to precisely control the generation of droplets. The results indicate that the break-up state of metal jets is significantly influenced by material properties within the range that We = 12 ∼ 24, which makes the materials exhibiting higher surface tension and density relatively favorable to the production of mono-sized microdroplets. Moreover, the break-up behavior of the jet is closely related to the ratio of volume force to surface tension (Bond number). And the proposed model effectively predicts the properties of droplets. This research provides theoretical guidance and technical support for the precise preparation of metallic microdroplets.
Thermosensitive double-membrane neurons and their network dynamics
Authors: Jia Junen , Xie Ying , Wang Chunni , Ma Jun
Published: October 2024

Cell membrane of biological neurons has distinct geometric structure, and involvement of diffusive term is suitable to estimate the spatial effect of cell membrane on neural activities. The gradient field diversity between two sides of the cell membrane can be approached by using a double-layer membrane model for the neuron. Therefore, two capacitive variables and diffusive terms are used to investigate the neural activities of cell membrane, and the local kinetics is described by a functional circuit composed of two capacitors. The voltages for the two parallel capacitors describe the inner and outer membrane potentials, and the diffusive effect of ions is considered on the membrane surface. The results reveal that neural activities are relative to the capacitance ratio between the inside and outside of the membrane and diffusive coefficient. High-energy periodic external stimulation induces the target waves to spread uniformly, while low-energy chaotic stimulation results in wave fragmentation. Furthermore, when the capacitance ratio exhibits exponential growth under an adaptive control law, the resulting energy gradient within the network induces stable target waves. That is, energy distribution affects the wave propagation and pattern formation in the neuron. The result indicates that the spatial diffusive effect and capacitance diversity between outer and inner cell membranes are important for selection of firing patterns and signal processing during neural activities. This model is more suitable to estimate neural activities than using generic oscillator-like or map neurons without considering the spatial diffusive effect.
Dual-emissive carbon dots with high-color purity from sweet basil leaves: synthesis, characterization and optical properties
Authors: Alassafi Jamaan E , Aida Mohammed Salah , Al-Hadeethi Yas , Al-Shehri Samar Fayez , Alshalawi Mohammaed A , Aldosari Abdullah M , Almasoudi M
Published: October 2024

In this study, we synthesized dual-emission carbon dots (CDs) from sweet basil leaves dissolved in hexane using the hydrothermal method. Extensive analyses were carried out on their morphology, structure, and optical properties. The CDs show a spherical shape and highly disordered structure with an average diameter of 2 nm. They predominantly comprise carbon surrounded by a dense shell layer of oxygen and nitrogen-related functional groups. Under excitation at a single wavelength of 380 nm, the CDs emit two distinct peaks at 450 and 675 nm demonstrating a narrow bandwidth emission with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 72 and 27 nm, respectively. The emission characteristics of CDs are ascribed to the combined effects of radiative recombination of the carbon-core and fully passivated surface states, resulting in two distinct emission peaks and excitation-independent emission property. We present a highly effective and eco-friendly approach to fabricate luminescent CDs exhibiting dual emission properties derived from sustainable resources, holding promise for utilization in bioimaging.
Investigation of optically transparent metasurfaces for gain improvement of an ultrawideband antenna for wireless body area networks and vehicular communications
Authors: Das Priyanka , Madhav B T P , Ghali Srinivasa Rao , Kundu Surajit , Alathbah Moath
Published: October 2024

Due to higher frequencies which cause signal deterioration, 5 G enabled antennas are prone to substantial attenuation. To circumvent this problem, several access points, signal repeaters, and base stations must be installed closer together on building windows, streetlights, and other infrastructure. Optically transparent antennas preserve the aesthetics of the windows by offering the requirements for access points and base stations for providing network connectivity to the cars and pedestrians passing by those buildings. Here we report an ultrawideband (UWB) high gain optically transparent antenna operating from 4–12 GHz. Indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass has been used as an optically transparent substrate for designing the antenna and metasurface. Two optically transparent metasurfaces have been proposed for band-stop filtering action across the UWB frequency range 4–12 GHz. In absence of the metasurface, the antenna operates in the frequency band ranging from 3.8 to 15 GHz. Average gain enhancement is 5.2 dB with radiation efficiency higher than 93% across the UWB frequency band from 4–12 GHz. Numerical simulations have been carried out for analysis of the proposed antenna and metasurfaces. These simulations have been validated by experimental measurements of the fabricated prototypes.
Refraction of flexural wave in the valley topological interface
Authors: Sheng Ping , Zhou Linyun
Published: October 2024

The transport behavior of valley kink states has attracted significant research interest due to its potential prospects in energy harvesting, vibration mitigation, and elastic wave imaging. In this work, we extensively investigate the topological refraction in valley elastic topological insulators (TIs) when the topological edge states (TES) transport from the interface termination into the bare plate. We show that the refraction pattern (negative or positive refraction) depends on the type of valleys from which the edge state is projected, and the refraction angles can be tuned by the Dirac frequency. Thus, we can realize the conversion of the refracted wave into the evanescent wave, resulting in no refraction beams in the bare plate, which provides a new perspective for vibration isolation and mitigation. We then construct a new layered TI by alternately arranging two unit cells with opposite topological phases. The dispersion relation of the layered TI shows a negative band and a positive band in the bulk band gap, corresponding to two different edge modes. In the edge states, the wave energy would transfer toward the negative (positive) direction of the wave vector along the interface when an incident wave couples to this TI, resulting in a negative (positive) shift parallel to the interface. We selectively achieve negative (positive) refraction by exciting only one desired edge mode. In particular, the presence of the impedance mismatch between the layered TIs and the bare plate leads to the relatively low energy amplitude of the refracted beam. Our research results provide new insights into manipulating the refraction wave in plates and facilitate potential applications in vibration mitigation, beam splitting, and negative refraction images.
Evolution of coupled scalar perturbations through smooth reheating. Part I. Dissipative regime
Authors: Laine M. , Procacci S. , Rogelj A.
Published: October 2024

If the inflaton is a heavy scalar field, it may equilibrate slower than
some other degrees of freedom, e.g. non-Abelian gauge bosons. In this case,
perturbations in the inflaton field and in a thermal
plasma coexist from a given moment onwards. We derive a gauge-invariant set
of three coupled equations governing the time evolution of such a system.
Despite singular coefficients,
a reliable numerical solution can be obtained for a long
time period, starting from phase oscillations inside the Hubble horizon,
and extending until acoustic oscillations in a radiation-dominated universe.
Benchmarks are illustrated from a “weak regime”,
where perturbations have a quantum-mechanical origin but get dissipated
by interactions with the plasma. Among applications of our formalism
could be inhomogeneity-induced nucleations in
post-inflationary phase transitions, and
the production of scalar-induced gravitational waves.
Multiple peaks in gravitational waves induced from primordial curvature perturbations with non-Gaussianity
Authors: Zeng Xiang-Xi , Cai Rong-Gen , Wang Shao-Jiang
Published: October 2024

First-order primordial curvature perturbations are known to induce gravitational waves at the second-order, which can in turn probe the small-scale curvature perturbations near the end of the inflation. In this work, we extend the previous analysis in the Gaussian case into the non-Gaussian case, with particular efforts to obtain some thumb rules of sandwiching the associated peaks in gravitational waves induced from multiple peaks of non-Gaussian curvature perturbations.
Exploring waveforms with non-GR deviations for extreme mass-ratio inspirals
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Singh Rishabh Kumar , Chowdhuri Abhishek , Bhattacharyya Arpan
Published: October 2024

The fundamental process of detecting and examining the polarization modes of gravitational
waves plays a pivotal role in enhancing our grasp on the precise mechanisms behind their
generation. A thorough investigation is essential for delving deeper into the essence of
gravitational waves and rigorously evaluating and validating the range of modified gravity
theories. In this line of interest, a general description of black holes in theories beyond
general relativity can serve a meaningful purpose where distinct deviation parameters can be
mapped to solutions representing distinct theories. Employing a refined version of the deformed
Kerr geometry, which is free from pathological behaviours such as unphysical divergences in the
metric, we explore an extreme mass-ratio inspiral system, wherein a stellar-mass object perturbs a
supermassive black hole. We compute the effects of deformation parameters on the
rate of change of orbital energy and angular momentum, orbital evolution and
phase dynamics with leading order post-Newtonian corrections. With the waveform analysis, we
assess the plausibility of detecting deviations from general relativity through observations
facilitated by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), simultaneously constraining the
extent of these deviations. Therefore, this analysis provides an understanding while highlighting
the essential role of observations in advancing gravitational phenomena beyond general relativity.
Clocking the end of cosmic inflation
Authors: Auclair Pierre , Blachier Baptiste , Ringeval Christophe
Published: October 2024

Making observable predictions for cosmic inflation requires determining when the wavenumbers of astrophysical interest today exited the Hubble radius during the inflationary epoch. These instants are commonly evaluated using the slow-roll approximation and measured in e-folds ΔN=N-Nend, in reference to the e-foldNendat which inflation ended. Slow roll being necessarily violated towards the end of inflation, both the approximated trajectory andNendare determined at, typically, one or two e-folds precision. Up to now, such an uncertainty has been innocuous, but this will no longer be the case with the forthcoming cosmological measurements. In this work, we introduce a new and simple analytical method, on top of the usual slow-roll approximation, that reduces uncertainties on ΔNto less than a tenth of an e-fold.
Classicality of stochastic noise away from quasi-de Sitter inflation
Authors: Noorbala Mahdiyar
Published: October 2024

It is well known that a coarse-grained scalar field living on a de Sitter (dS) background exhibits classical stochastic behavior, driven by a noise whose amplitude is set by the Hubble constant H. The coarse-graining is achieved by discarding wave numbers larger than a cutoff σaH and demanding that σ ≪ 1. Similar results hold for quasi-dS space, where the equation of state parameter w is close to -1. Here we present exact expressions for the noise amplitude of a free massless field on an inflationary background with constant w < -1/3. We find that a classical stochastic behavior can emerge for -5/3 < w < -1/3. Furthermore, as we move away from w = -1 and approach w = -1/3, the constraint σ ≪ 1 is relaxed and larger cutoffs (σ ∼ 1) become feasible, too. However, in general the amplitude of the noise depends on σ, except in the quasi-dS regime w ≈ -1.
High energy neutrino production in gamma-ray bursts: dependence of the neutrino signal on the jet composition
Authors: Lia Valentin De , Tamborra Irene
Published: October 2024

Heavy nuclei can be synthetized or entrained in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with implications
on the high-energy neutrino emission. By means of a Monte-Carlo algorithm, we model nuclear
cascades and investigate their impact on the neutrino production considering kinetic dominated
jets (in the internal shock model, including a dissipative photosphere) as well as Poynting flux
dominated jets (for a jet model invoking internal-collision-induced magnetic reconnection and
turbulence, ICMART). We find that the ICMART model allows for efficient nuclear cascades leading
to an overall larger neutrino fluence than in the other two jet models. The survival of nuclei
and inefficient nuclear cascades lead to an overall reduction of the neutrino fluence up to one
order of magnitude. However, if nuclei are disintegrated, the neutrino fluence may be comparable
to the one emitted from a jet loaded with protons. Exploring the parameter space of jet
properties, we conclude that the composition and the bulk Lorentz factor have significant impact
on the efficiency of nuclear cascades as well as the spectral shape of the expected neutrino
fluence. On the other hand, the neutrino spectral distribution is less sensitive to the power-law
index of the accelerated population of protons or heavier nuclei. For what concerns the diffuse
emission of neutrinos from GRBs, we find that the uncertainty due to the jet composition can be at
most comparable to the one related to the GRB cosmological rate.
Foreground biases in strong gravitational lensing
Authors: Johnson Daniel , Fleury Pierre , Larena Julien , Marchetti Lucia
Published: October 2024

Strong gravitational lensing is a competitive tool to probe the dark matter and energy content of the Universe. However, significant uncertainties can arise from the choice of lens model, and in particular the parameterisation of the line of sight. In this work, we consider the consequences of ignoring the contribution of foreground perturbers in lens modelling. We derive the explicit form of the degeneracy between the foreground shear and the ellipticity of a power law lens, which renders the former quantity effectively unmeasurable from strong lensing observables, and biases measurements of the latter by a few percent. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that this degeneracy does not affect measurements of the Einstein radius. Foreground tidal effects are also not expected to bias the slope of the potential, and any biases in this slope should not affect the recovery of the Hubble constant. The foreground convergence term adds an additional uncertainty to the measurement of H
0, and we show that this uncertainty will be on the order of 1% for lensing systems located along random lines of sight. There is evidence to indicate that the probability of strong lensing is higher towards overdense lines of sight, and this could result in a small systematic bias towards overestimations of H
0.
Quark stars in f(R, T) gravity: mass-to-radius profiles and observational data
Authors: Banerjee Ayan , Sakallı İzzet , Dayanandan B. , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: October 2024

This study explores the

gravity theory, which introduces a coupling between matter and curvature, through the simplest linear functional form

. We derive the modified Einstein field equations and conservation equations for this theory and then apply this framework to study the structural properties of quark stars (QSs) composed of interacting quark matter, considering perturbative QCD corrections and color superconductivity. By solving the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations, we investigate the mass-radius relation, stability criteria, and energy conditions of QSs. Our results indicate that the

gravity significantly influences the properties of QSs, leading to deviations from General Relativity. The analysis is consistent with recent observational data, suggesting that the modified gravity framework could provide viable models for the study of compact stars.
The SNEWS 2.0 alert software for the coincident detection of neutrinos from core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Kara M. , Torres-Lara S. , Baxter A.L. , BenZvi S. , Colomer Molla M. , Habig A. , Kneller J.P. , Lai M. , Lang R.F. , Linvill M. , Milisavljevic D. , Migenda J. , Orr C. , Scholberg K. , Smolsky J. , Tseng J. , Tunnell C.D. , Vasel J. , Sheshukov A.
Published: October 2024

The neutrino signal from the next galactic core-collapse
supernova will provide an invaluable early warning of the
explosion. By combining the burst trigger from several neutrino
detectors, the location of the explosion can be triangulated minutes
to hours before the optical emission becomes visible, while also
reducing the rate of false-positive triggers. To enable
multi-messenger follow-up of nearby supernovae, the SuperNova Early
Warning System 2.0 (SNEWS 2.0) will produce a combined alert using a
global network of neutrino detectors. This paper describes the
trigger publishing and alert formation framework of the SNEWS 2.0
network. The framework is built on the HOPSKOTCH publish-subscribe
system to easily incorporate new detectors into the network, and it
implements a coincidence system to form alerts and estimate a
false-positive rate for the combined triggers. The paper outlines
the structure of the SNEWS 2.0 software and the initial testing of
coincident signals.
Magnetic properties and linear negative magnetocapacitance in rutile like LiFe2SbO6
Authors: Banerjee Souvik , Jain Anil , Yusuf S M , Sundaresan A
Published: October 2024

We report the high-temperature magnetic ordering and the observation of linear negative magnetocapacitance mediated by a low-temperature magnetic phase crossover in the compound LiFe2SbO6. The combined observations of the absence of a second harmonic generation (SHG) signal, and Rietveld refinements of x-ray and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) patterns of the sample confirm that LiFe2SbO6 crystalizes in a centrosymmetric Pnnm structure. The DC magnetization measurements reveal that an antiferromagnetic ordering sets in at high temperature (T
N = 850). The magnetic anomaly in the DC magnetization at a lower temperature T = 13 K, is corroborated by AC susceptibility and the specific heat measurements. In association with this magnetic phase crossover, a linear negative magnetocapacitance was observed below this temperature. Further, the neutron powder diffraction study reveals a collinear antiferromagnetic ordering with a wavevector k = (0, 0, 0).
Fabrication of carbon nanotube neuromorphic thin film transistor arrays and their applications for flexible olfactory-visual multisensory synergy recognition
Authors: Sui Nianzi , Kang Kaixiang , Li Min , Zhang Dan , Li Benxiang , Shao Shuangshuang , Wang Hua , Zhao Jianwen
Published: October 2024

Artificial multisensory devices play a key role in human-computer interaction in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). In this work, we have designed and constructed a novel olfactory-visual bimodal neuromorphic carbon nanotube thin film transistor (TFT) arrays for artificial olfactory-visual multisensory synergy recognition with a very low power consumption of 25 aJ for a single pulse, employing semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) as channel materials and gas sensitive materials, and poly[[4,8-bis[5-(2-ethylhexyl)-2-thienyl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b0]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl-[5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4,8-dioxo-4H,8H-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c0]dithio-phene-1,3-diyl]] (PBDB-T) as the photosensitive material. It is noted that it is the first time to realize the simulation of olfactory and visual senses (from 280 nm to 650 nm) with the wide operating temperature range (0–150 °C) in a single SWCNT TFT device and successfully simulate the recovery of olfactory senses after COVID-19 by olfactory-visual synergy. Furthermore, our SWCNT neuromorphic TFT devices with a high I
On/I
Off ratio (up to 106) at a low operating voltage (−2 to 0.5 V) canmimic not only the basic biological synaptic functions of olfaction and vision (such as paired-pulse facilitation, short-term plasticity, and long-term plasticity), but also optical wireless communication by Morse code. The proposed multisensory, broadband light-responsive, low-power synaptic devices provide great potential for developing AI robots to face complex external environments.
Comparative analysis of submodules and design of seventeen-level modular multilevel converter using a five-level submodule block
Authors: Diwan Anuja Prashant , Nagarajan Booma , Mahendran Venmathi
Published: October 2024

Multilevel inverters and various modulation techniques have been proven to be the best solutions to overcome all the limitations of conventional two- or three-level voltage source inverters. In recent years, among all topologies, modular multilevel converter (MMC) has advantages like low total harmonic distortion (THD), reduced filter requirement, fault-tolerant operation, scalability, modularity, transformerless operation, etc. The main application of MMC is found in high-voltage DC transmission (HVDC). This study describes and analyses the performance of two distinct MMC submodule (SM) topologies: the Half Bridge submodule (HBSM) and the Full Bridge submodule (FBSM). Switching pattern is simpler in HBSM topology but it has the disadvantage that it does not have DC fault current blocking capability. Whereas FBSM not only inherently can block the DC fault current but also has advantages like reduced volume of MMC and better performance. Further, having the capability to produce three voltage levels, it can be operated in boost mode. Also, by using a proper switching pattern, MMC can be designed to generate a various number of output levels by using the same five-level submodule block. Out of which 17 level MMC gives the best output. The MATLAB-Simulink model is used to simulate the circuit, and the findings are confirmed for a 17-level output voltage.
A comprehensive numerical investigation of bi-dimensional analysis of PVT system using square channel absorber
Authors: Brahim Taoufik , Jemni Abdelmajid
Published: October 2024

This paper offers a comprehensive numerical investigation of PVT solar thermal performance using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) for both longitudinal bi-dimensional transient and steady state analysis, which is the unique aspect of this study. Likewise, a thorough analysis of the use of two distinct cooling absorber PVT solar collectors is conducted under realistic climatic conditions. The current modeling methodology can be considered a useful tool that enables rapid bi-dimensional PVT system analysis. The findings show that, in comparison to the PVT tube configuration (587 kWh/m2, 178 kWh/m2), the direct flow square channel has more yearly thermal and electrical gain outputs (608 kWh/m2, 196 kWh/m2). Furthermore, the design of directly flow channels has the advantages of easier integration and effective conduction heat transfer between the fluid and absorber panel. A good agreement between the measured and predicted data was obtained once the current results were compared with theoretical and experimental data in the literature.
Flawed Explanations of Mitigation
Authors: Summers Andy
Published: October 2024

This chapter critiques some existing theories that have been put forward to explain the law of mitigation. First, it clarifies what is meant by an ‘explanation’ of a legal doctrine, and the criteria for assessing this type of theory. The chapter then considers several existing explanations of mitigation that have been put forward by legal scholars, including the promotion of economic efficiency, self-reliance, or co-operation, the theory that mitigation is an aspect of remoteness, and the theory that mitigation responds to demands of fairness. The chapter also assesses the argument that mitigation may be explained by a combination of these principles. In conclusion, the chapter rejects all of these existing explanations, leaving the causal explanation which is addressed in the next chapter.
Puzzles Resolved
Authors: Summers Andy
Published: October 2024

This chapter addresses three puzzles that arise under the orthodox account of mitigation, explaining in each case how they are resolved by the new account of mitigation developed in this book. First, the conventional language of the ‘duty’ to mitigate, which persists despite routinely being disclaimed as inaccurate by judges. Second, the universal and homogenous application of mitigation to every assessment of loss, which is inconsistent with policy-based explanations of the doctrine such as self-reliance or prevention of waste. Third, the restricted temporal scope of mitigation—applying only after breach—which is hard to square with the focus on whether the claimant acted reasonably. The chapter argues that each of these features of the law of mitigation makes more sense once mitigation is understood as an aspect of causation, triggered by the claimant’s choice to respond abnormally to the breach.
General Introduction
Authors: Chepurin Kirill
Published: October 2024

This introduction outlines Schelling’s concept of bliss (Seligkeit) as antagonistic to the negativity of the modern world, and as emerging from the post-Enlightenment, post-Revolutionary landscape of crisis. It argues that Schelling’s metaphysics refracts in a singular way the co-imbrication of Christianity, modernity, and bliss, as well as the tension between bliss and theodicy at the heart of the Christian-modern trajectory. It then stages two contrasting scenes that help to illuminate the stakes of Schellingian bliss: the foreclosure of bliss through endless postlapsarian toil in Immanuel Kant and the Romantic scene of a non-alienated oneness with nature that leaves possibilities unused in Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Theodor Adorno. Finally, the introduction sketches, via Hans Blumenberg and Sylvia Wynter, the problem of theodicy in Schelling as grappling with the negativity, suffering, and evil inherent in the world, including the systemic evils of global Western-centric modernity such as colonialism, racialization, and enslavement.
Interlude I
Authors: Chepurin Kirill
Published: October 2024

This interlude sketches the nexus of the young Schelling’s theoretical concerns in the early 1790s, rethinking this nexus as intertwined with the movement of his time and with the self-reflection of the modern age at the critical late eighteenth-century moment. It identifies five central lines of inquiry that the young Schelling pursues: the modern epoch and its task; the “pagan” world and the relation between mediation and immediacy; early Christianity and Gnosticism, or orthodoxy and heresy; theodicy and the problem of evil; and the logic of demiurgic subjectivity between Plato and Kant. The interlude emphasizes especially the political-theological question of the legitimacy of world order in the young Schelling; his justification of the Fall in the 1792 On the Origin of Evil; and his early heretical counter-program, including his planned work entitled History of Gnosticism, arguing that the broadly Gnostic tendency of world-delegitimation originates in his earliest thought.
The Demiurgic Subject
Authors: Chepurin Kirill
Published: October 2024

This chapter interrogates the emergence of the concept of beatitude or bliss (Seligkeit) and the antagonistic entanglement between “bliss” and “world” as the dirempted structure of reality in Schelling’s early metaphysics. It argues that, in his 1795 writings, Schelling advances an analytic of the aporias of the modern demiurgic subject of self-assertion. In this analytic, the subject’s ceaseless synthetic productivity and striving for moral purity—the two paths to “absolute identity,” “absolute freedom,” or “absolute bliss”—are underwritten by the Gnostic longing for bliss as the immediate abolition of the world understood as the prison to which the subject is bound. Bliss, however, cannot be produced: in seeking to produce bliss out of diremption, the subject reproduces the world, endlessly deferring bliss. In philosophically legitimating this deferral, idealism functions for Schelling as what Carl Schmitt calls the katechon, re-mediating, via the world’s not-yet, the demand for bliss in the now.
Interlude II
Authors: Chepurin Kirill
Published: October 2024

This interlude sketches a reading of the original cosmic explosion and the duality of forces in Schelling’s natural philosophy as it develops by the year 1800, arguing that the Schellingian subject of pre-human nature—not unlike the modern human subject analyzed in Chapter 2—appears as the alienated subject of endless synthetic production through which the world or universe as the structure of universal diremption is constantly reproduced. The ceaseless productivity of nature and the multitude of natural forms signal for Schelling not bliss but the constitutive unblissfulness of nature, which seeks to return to its ante-original essence of repose and inactivity and to attain absolute freedom from the world, yet remains bound to the structure of diremption and doomed to generate finite products without end. Only in his post-1801 philosophy of absolute identity, the interlude suggests, does Schelling attempt to radically re-vision nature or the All as immediately blissful.
Introduction to Part II
Authors: Chepurin Kirill
Published: October 2024

Part II rereads Schelling’s post-1809 philosophy as a geo-racial theodicy of universal history. Following the collapse of his earlier vision of immediate bliss, this theodicy refracts Schelling’s grappling with the possibility of providence in the face of the darkness and contingency of the modern universe. In response to the ongoing discovery of deep time at what is often taken to be the beginning of the Anthropocene, Schellingian theodicy seeks to reimpose a human-centric providential order on the decentered universe, and to reassert humanity as the universal being at the ideal center of the cosmos. This introduction outlines Schelling’s system narrative as Part II reconstructs it, arguing that, on the basis of the interplay of cosmic decentering and recentering, Schelling envisions universal history as a narrative of a spiral-shaped ascent toward bliss. In his providential, kenotic, and kairotic construction of history, historical contingency itself emerges as the ceaseless divine tribunal.
Interlude III
Authors: Chepurin Kirill
Published: October 2024

This interlude argues that the temporality of the world-process in Schelling is underwritten by his rethinking of clock time as the cosmic ground of salvation history, and of synchronizing the history of global humanity in its directedness toward absolute bliss. With recourse to the clockwork metaphor in Jacob Boehme and Friedrich Christoph Oetinger, the interlude elucidates Schelling’s statements that “all that is is merely the hand on the great dial of the vast clockwork of nature,” and that God “counts and measures by this clockwork.” Taken on its own, clock time for Schelling is fallen time, emerging from the oscillation of cosmic proto-matter; and as inhabiting this temporality, modernity remains caught in the circle of the eternally same. To become the basis of salvation history, clock time must be subordinated to kairotic time. Bliss, however, is indifferent to either clock time or kairotic time, indexing the abolition of time itself.
Conclusion
Authors: Chepurin Kirill
Published: October 2024

This programmatic conclusion brings together the dimensions of bliss and the sites of world-delegitimation and world-refusal assembled throughout the book: nomadism and mysticism, blackness and hidden divinity, magic and the mysteries, the bliss of lying on water and looking at the skies, and that of the all-consuming revolutionary fire. In dialogue with Sun Ra’s invocation of a “dark tradition,” the conclusion asks whether one may speak of a “counter-tradition” of bliss against the world. It then turns to the foreclosure of bliss by the nineteenth-century capitalist world and the waning of the Romantic impulse of bliss, suggesting that the early Marx’s vision of being-in-common inherits the antagonistic Romantic impulse. Finally, the conclusion contends that the entwined questions—How to insist on bliss without theodicizing it? and How to think the world without justifying it?—index a central philosophical problem that Schelling tries but ultimately fails to resolve.
Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misaligned Pulmonary Veins diagnosed at autopsy in association with novel FOXF1 variant
Authors: Lynch J M , Harley R , Butler D C , Thompson C T
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective

Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins (ACD/MPV) is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal development of the pulmonary vasculature resulting in intractable pulmonary hypertension in neonates. Affected newborns present with progressive hypoxemia that is nearly always fatal.

ACD/MPV is typically seen in the setting of other congenital anomalies, including gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and cardiac systems. Although the pathogenesis of ACD/MPV is poorly understood, inactivating mutations in the FOXF1 gene have been implicated. We present a case of ACD/MPV with associated gastrointestinal/cardiac anomalies and a novel heterozygous mutation of FOXF1.

Methods/Case Report

A complete autopsy was perfomed. Rapid whole exome sequencing of whole blood was done via reference laboratory.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)

A 36-week gestational age male was born via cesarean delivery following a pregnancy course complicated by polyhydramnios. The neonate developed respiratory failure requiring intubation and Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation (ECMO). Further clinical evaluation revealed a patent foremen ovale and ductus arteriosus with right to left shunting. After 18 days on ECMO, he was transferred to comfort care where he later died.

The body was that of a small for gestational age, phenotypic male neonate without gross dysmorphia noted on external examination. Internal examination revealed duodenal atresia, a patent ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale, and heavy, edematous lungs.

Histologic examination of the lungs demonstrated prominent congested veins abutting small arteries with medial hypertrophy within shared adventitial sheaths. The interlobar septa contained dilated lymphatic spaces. Airspaces showed a dense neutrophilic exudate.

Rapid whole exome sequencing revealed heterozygous mutations in FOXF1 (c.182T>C, p.Ile61Thr), NOTCH1 (c.7495A>C, p.Ser2499Arg) and a hemizygous mutation in SSR4 (c.20G>T, p.Gly7Val). The FOXF1 mutation was predicted to be damaging and has not yet been reported in the literature; however, its clinical significance was interpreted as uncertain. The significance of the NOTCH1 and SSR4 mutations were considered unknown.

Given these findings, a diagnosis of ACD/MPV was given as the cause of death.

Conclusion

This case illustrates the classic clinical, gross and histologic findings described in ACD/MPV. Additionally, a novel heterozygous mutation of FOXF1 was identified and predicted to be damaging, supporting the role of FOXF1 mutations in the pathogenesis of ACD/MPV.