bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE POTENTIAL HEALTH IMPACT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: TERBLANCE P.
Published: November 2020

It is well known that airpollution can affect human health directly and indirectly. The direct effects as a result of inhalation or dermal contact are widely studied and reasonably well characterized. However, great uncertainty still exists about the magnitude and rate of global climate change. The potential adverse impact on man warrants attention even in these early stages of change. This paper summarises information on the potential health impacts of climate change, published in international literature since 1986 with special reference to the South African situation.
A LONG-RANGE ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT MODEL (HY-SPLIT) FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE (EER): EVALUATION OF DRIVING MODELS
Authors: Vermeulen J.H , Freiman M.T
Published: November 2020

The Eta and Aviation (AVN) driving models of HY-SPLIT are evaluated by means of a case study of the sulphur fire plume at Somerset West (34° 04’ S, 18° 48’ E) which caused sulphur dioxide (SO2) air pollution over Macassar on 16 - 17 December 1995. The HY-SPLIT model is verified by comparing it with the Lagrangian kinematic trajectory (LKT)model. Plume dispersions and depositions of the HY-SPLIT model for the Eta and AVN driving models are compared with Eta model winds. Eta model winds for a grid point close to the fire are verified against radiosonde data and synoptic observations. Results indicate that the finer-resolution regional Eta model has the higher accuracy.
NOX AND VOC MEASUREMENTS AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT IN AN INFORMAL SETTLEMENT IN DURBAN
Authors: Cookson' J , Royall A , Diab R , Binedell M
Published: November 2020

A previous study by Muller et al. (2003) investigated NOx, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene levels in households in the densely settled informal settlement of Cato Crest located within the Durban Metropolitan area. AHealth Risk Assessment based on the United States EPA approach showed that the residents of Cato Crest experienced significant health risks as a result of exposure to these pollutants largely as a result of kerosene usage in their homes. Specifically, the study which was conducted in September 2000 in 14 households, showed that exposure to NOx over a 24-hour period indicated a potential health risk in all the households, that benzene poses a health risk in 50% of the households, whereas there is no health risk associated with exposure to toluene. A follow-up study was conducted in July 2006 targeting similar households and pollutants to investigate whether comparable results were found in a typical winter period, when air quality is generally expected to deteriorate.
Comparisons of Meso-Scale Air Pollution Dispersion Modelling of S02, N02 and 03 Using Regional-Scale Monitoring Results
Authors: Josipovic M. , Annegarn H.J. , Fourie G.D. , Zunckel M. , Kneen M.A.
Published: November 2020

Results of a regional-scale monitoring campaign were compared with two meso-scale to sub-continental modelling studies, for S02 and N02 and 03 respectively (Fourie, 2006, Zunckel et al., 2006, van Tienhoven et al., 2006, Van Tienhoven and Zunckel, 2004). However, a direct validation of the monitored results with modelled results could not be carried out, as available modelling studies dealt with different periods from the monitoring study.

For this study, three monitoring sites were selected for comparison with modelling results. These sites were strategically selected to be representative of the entire region. Site Elandsfontein in the centre of the industrial Highveld, site Amersfoort, downwind from the central pollution source region and site Louis Trichardt, a remote site. Sulphur, nitrogen and ozone species comparisons were considered in turn. The comparisons were carried out for equivalent annual (and seasonal) cycles. The compa risons produced mixed results. For sulphur and nitrogen species in most cases, depending on site and season, modelling results ranged between significant underestimates to overestimates. Ozone modelling almost always overestimated the concentrations compared to the measured results.

Despite several limiting factors, constraining the reliability of the comparisons between the modelled and measured results, they were important as the distribution of the gases showed patterns that imply understanding of the source and fate of these pollutants. The uncertainty in the magnitude of the model inaccuracies as well as margin of error of the measured data remained. Thus a modelling validation is recommended using the concurrent period with fewer uncertainties.
A Long-term synoptic-scale climate study over Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, South Africa
Authors: Pretorius I. , Rautenbach H.
Published: November 2020

Mariepskop forms part of the northernmost edge of the Drakensberg Mountain range and is known for its complex topography associated with meso-scale atmospheric circulation, and therefore its numerous climatic zones. The mountain hosts a high biodiversity. The peak of Mariepskop lies at approximately 1900m Above Mean Sea Level (AMSL), which is higher than the surrounding escarpment to the east. Its foothills also extend well into the Lowveld at about 700 m AMSL. Mariepskop is therefore ideal for studying airflow exchange between the industrial Highveld and the Lowveld with its diversity of natural resources. It is also ideal for detecting global warming signals on altitudinal gradients extending from the Lowveld to altitudes above the Highveld escarpment. In this study long-term National Centre for Atmospheric Research / National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCAR/NCEP) wind data at two atmospheric pressure levels (850 and 700 hPa), as well as near-surface temperature data, were obtained for the Mariepskop region for the summer (December-January-February: DJF (1981-2011 )) and winter (June-July-August: JJA (1980-2012)) seasons. The data was used to study synoptic wind flow across the mountain in the upper (700 hPa) and lower (800 hPa) atmosphere, as well as near-surface temperature gradients. During the summer season, east-south-easterly and south-easterly winds were found to be the most prominent. These winds are commonly associated with both continental and ridging anticyclonic conditions. During winter, the predominant wind direction at 850 hPa is south-easterly, which is also due to the influence of ridging anticyclones, while at 700 hPa the dominant winter wind direction becomes west-south-west, which is due to the more frequent eastward passing of cyclonic frontal systems across the Highveld towards the Lowveld. Long-term near-surface temperatures exhibit a weak increasing linear temperature trend for both seasons, which might be due to global warming.
The Minamata Treaty / Protocol: Potential Implications for South Africa
Authors: Scott G.M. , Mdluli T.N.
Published: November 2020

In 2009 the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was mandated by its Governing Council to develop a global legally binding instrument for mercury. An Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) was established to prepare the instrument before the 27th UNEP Governing Council Meeting in February 2013. This instrument will have significant and far-reaching effects for South Africa, due to our economy's reliance on fossil fuels, in particular coal fired power generation. South Africa is currently rated as the 6th largest emitter of mercury in the world with annual emissions estimated at around 50 tons. This paper will look at the draft text of the instrument after the 4th round of negotiations and highlight some of the potential implications for South Africa. It must be highlighted that the text of the instrument is still under negotiations and the observations and remarks made in this paper are not the official position of the Government of South Africa.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON NATURAL TOURISM DESTINATIONS MANAGERS IN SAMIGALUH KULON PROGO DISTRICT AS A NATURE TOURISM AREA
Authors: Sari Enggrit Novialita Kelana , Karma Carrolus Prima Ferri
Published: November 2020

The ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) flare-up as of late caused overall neurosis because of its lethal nature. The COVID-19 pandemic has a worldwide effect, even in Indonesia itself, where one of the sectors most affected is the tourism industry. One of them is in Samigaluh, which is a sub-region in the Kulon Progo Rule. This place has nearby potential, for example, common excellence that can be offered as a vacation spot and an open door for the encompassing network. This examination is to research the viewpoint of the supervisors of vacation destinations in Samigaluh to see the effect of their work career. This research uses a qualitative method. The exploration information was gathered from the supervisors of the travel industry attractions in Samigaluh, and ten inquiries were given to the chief. Thirty travel industry coordinator in Samigaluh partook in the survey. The results of this study indicate that the perspective of tourist attractions manager in Samigaluh as a whole sees the COVID-19 pandemic having a bad impact on the tourism industry in Samigaluh because job careers are threatened. Therefore, ensuring the safety of guests and staff have become a top concern of the tourism and hospitality industry stakeholders. At the same time, in order to restore business losses and to rebuild a favourable picture in the eyes of the customers, it is necessary that good marketing is undertaken and promotional campaigns, both locally and internationally.Keywords: COVID-19, Nature Tourism, Manager, Samigaluh
LOCAL COMMUNITIES PERCEPTION ON THE IMPACT OF PRAMBANAN JAZZ FESTIVAL
Authors: Handyastuti Indriyani , Utami Dwiesty Dyah , Audita Vanda Nirma
Published: November 2020

The development of the organization of the event now starts to vary and provides a valuable and impressive experience for many people. So, from that along with its development, the event appeared increasingly unique both in terms of concept to the venue used. One of the events that have its uniqueness is the festival. In this case, the Prambanan Jazz Festival is one of the types of events that are used as the focus of research. Organizing an event can have an impact on the surrounding community, both in terms of social, environmental, and economical. Communities in the surrounding environment will have different perceptions about the impact of the event. An event can be considered as successful if the community perceives the positive benefit from the event and give considerable support. The research method used in this study is quantitative with descriptive analysis. The purpose of this study was to find out how local people perceive the impact of the implementation of Prambanan Jazz Festival on social, environmental, and economic impacts. The result of this study indicates that the Prambanan Jazz Festival had a little social impact on local communities. The Prambanan Jazz Festival does not provide significant environmental impact from some of the main aspects of this study. In addition, the implementation of the Prambanan Jazz Festival has not affected the economy around the event area due to the absence of programs made by the event organizers to support the economy of the surrounding community.Keywords: Local Communities Perception, Prambanan Jazz Festival, The Impact of Event
A Odontologia e a Doença de Alzheimer: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Silva Jadson Mathyas Domingos da , Barbosa Rodrigo Ferreira , Nobre Fábio Carvalho , Pereira José Eduardo Candido Holanda , Romão Dayse Andrade
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: INTRODUÇÃO: A doença de Alzheimer caracteriza-se pela perda gradativa da memória e de atividades psicomotoras levando à incapacidade de realizar atividades de vida diária. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como finalidade analisar a literatura acerca dos principais desafios da odontologia frente a idosos com Alzheimer. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, por meio de pesquisas nas bases de dados LILACS, SCIELO e PUBMED, utilizando o operador booleano AND, e como critérios de inclusão foram utilizados artigos publicados entre 2008 a 2018, nos idiomas português e inglês, disponíveis na íntegra. RESULTADOS: Analisou-se 22 artigos que trataram da temática proposta. Os resultados indicam que a doença de Alzheimer traz prejuízos à saúde bucal, resultando mais comumente na ocorrência de cárie e doença periodontal. Além disto, poucos profissionais estão aptos a tratar e cuidar desses pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: É necessária uma maior capacitação profissional para o cuidado destes pacientes, uma vez que o cirurgião-dentista encontrará limitações ao tratar portadores de Alzheimer.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Odontologia geriátrica, Saúde bucal, Universalização da saúde.
Problemática da pediculose em escolas públicas de diferentes municípios do estado de Alagoas: uma visão dos gestores
Authors: Oliveira Gercilânio Tárcio de , Ferreira José Rodrigo da Silva , Rocha Thiago José Matos , Calheiros Claudia Maria Lins
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: A Pediculose é uma doença ectoparasitária, frequentemente encontrada em ambiente escolar, de grande importância para saúde pública, causada pelo Pediculus capitis. Este ectoparasito, conhecido popularmente como piolho, atinge entre 15 a 20% das crianças, todos os anos, a nível mundial e, pela coceira que provoca no couro cabeludo, pode abrir portas de entrada para infecções oportunistas, originando o impetigo (feridas na cabeça). O parasitismo pelo piolho pode estar associado ao comprometimento do rendimento escolar, principalmente devido à diminuição da autoestima, que pode interferir nas atividades diárias dos estudantes. O presente trabalho objetivou verificar a presença da problemática pediculose do couro cabeludo nas escolas da zona urbana de rede pública das cidades: Branquinha, Murici, São José da Laje e União dos Palmares, com o intuito de se traçar um diagnóstico inicial, através de um questionário direcionado aos gestores de 26 escolas, pertencentes a estas cidades. Em 50% das escolas havia a indicação da presença da problemática, nas outras 50% os gestores afirmaram não existir ou não ter conhecimento da presença da ectoparasitose. Os dados possibilitaram identificar que o período após as chuvas, com temperaturas elevadas e úmidas e após as férias escolares (fevereiro e agosto) é o de maior ocorrência de pediculose nos escolares, segundo os gestores. Através deste diagnóstico inicial pode-se planejar estratégias de sensibilização em educação para saúde, bem como estudos para o controle deste ectoparasito nas escolas onde é frequentemente encontrado.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pediculus capitis, Comunidade escolar, Pediculose.
A disciplina de Geografia e o uso de jogos pedagógicos enquanto recurso metodológico de ensino: uma experiência com 9° ano e PG IV
Authors: Ribeiro Roselma Lopes
Published: November 2020

RESUMO: O presente trabalho aborda a utilização de jogos pedagógicos enquanto recurso metodológico no ensino de Geografia. O objetivo é apresentar os recursos metodológicos utilizados em sala de aula na disciplina de Geografia.  As atividades foram desenvolvidas nas turmas de 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental II e na turma de PG IV durante o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) numa escola estadual na cidade de Maceió/AL. Os jogos utilizados enquanto recurso metodológico em sala de aula foram o bingo geográfico e o caça palavras. Assim, proporcionando aos estudantes um aprendizado lúdico e motivador com fulcro no desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas como observação, interação e participação nas atividades propostas.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Atividade lúdica. Ensino de Geografia. Aprendizagem significativa.
Is Belarus on the verge of civilizations?
Authors: Ostapenko Anatolii
Published: November 2020

The article shows that the ontological status of Belarus does not necessarily need to be formulated as the border between the West and the East. Belarus is often regarded as a border area between the West and the East. Hence, different political conclusions are drawn: with whom Belarusians – with the East, in which Russia is always considered, or – with the West, that is, Europe. According to the author of the article, this formulation of the question is in principle incorrect. In the first place should be Belarus, and then all other countries. The territory of any country lies between the territories of some other countries. But for some reason, no ideologists or politicians pay much attention to this fact. It is necessary to raise the question of Belarus as an independent state which for many centuries was a powerful political and cultural entity. Huntington’s definition of a «torn» country does not apply to Belarus. The place of Belarus in the concept of modern world civilizations is not that of a Western or Orthodox civilization, but is of a union of Christian states.
CATECHONS IN SOCIO-ONOMASTIC DIMENSION
Authors: Honcharenko D. O.
Published: November 2020

he article raises the question of necessity of normalization and standardization newly formed catechons in lexicographical aspect. A typical word- forming paradigm of catechons that appeared in Ukrainian onomasticon after 2015 is analysed. The attention is concentrated on word-forming ability of catechons and their lexical-semantic structure. The relevance of the study of catechonyms is indicated, first of all, by extra-lingual (socio-political and socio-cultural) factors. One of the impetus for the intensification of scientific research related to cateconomy was the Law of Ukraine «On Condemnation Communist and Nazi Totalitarian Regimes and Prohibiting the Propagation of Their Symbolism». The derivation process can be accompanied by morphonological processes: alternation, truncation, alternation with truncation. The typical word-forming paradigm of catechons has the following structure: the original forming basis (necessarily correlated with the catechon’s oikonym) – an appellative of masculine motivated by an oikononym (formed with the help of specific word-forming formants with the semantics «masculineterritorial personality»), an appellative of female corresponding to the appellative of the masculine gender, which in turn is defined by the forming noun (using word-forming formants with semantics, «female gender related to male territorial personality») – appellative in plural, also formed from the masculine appellative with the help of forming formants with the semantics» name of persons by territorial feature». The choice of the required cathomonetary suffix depends on such extralingual factors as the attraction to the euphony, the conscious return to the specific Ukrainian wording formulations, as well as intralingual – structural, semantic and functional specificity of the word-forming oiconym.
CryoEXAFS: X-ray absorption spectroscopy station with cryogenic or in-beam operando electrochemistry sample conditions at BESSY II
Authors: Schuck Götz , Zisak Ivo
Published: November 2020

The Cryo-EXAFS experimental station at beamline KMC-3 is a dedicated experiment to investigate the short-range environment around selected atomic species and redox behavior in condensed matter by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy with cryogenic or in-beam, operando electrochemistry sample conditions
Variable Voltage, Tank-Style ENDS Do Not Always Deliver Nicotine
Authors: Eversole Alisha , Maloney Sarah , Talih Soha , Salman Rola , Karaoghlanian Nareg , Lipato Thokozeni , Eissenberg Thomas , Breland Alison
Published: November 2020

Objectives: In this paper, we characterize the nicotine delivery profile of a variable voltage, tank-style electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS). Methods: Ten cigarette smokers (8 men, 2 women) completed this within-subject study assessing effects of 2 device power
settings (15 W, 45 W) and 3 liquid nicotine concentrations (0, 3, and 6 mg/ml) using a tank-style ENDS. Participants completed one directed (10 puffs) and one ad libitum use period for each condition, with blood sampled throughout. Results: Plasma nicotine concentration did not
increase significantly at 15 W regardless of liquid nicotine concentration. At 45 W, mean plasma nicotine increased (not significantly compared to 0 mg/ml) from 2.24 ng/ml (SD = 0.2) at baseline to 3.4 ng/ml (SD = 0.6) in the 3 mg/ml condition. In the 6 mg/ml, 45 W condition, mean plasma nicotine
increased significantly (compared to 0 mg/ml) from 2.0 ng/ml (SD=0) at baseline to 5.96 ng/ml (SD = 1.3) after 10 puffs. In general, puf duration and volume decreased as device power and nicotine concentration increased. Conclusions: Despite using a variable wattage, tank-style device,
nicotine delivery was minimal. These results, when combined with results from other studies using tank-style devices, highlight ENDS performance heterogeneity. Regulation may play a role in standardizing ENDS nicotine delivery.
Precision, efficiency and cost of shapes of fixed area plots for plantation ages of Pinus taeda L. in Santa Catarina State
Authors: Zator Filho Alois , Minatti Myrcia , Woycikievicz Antonio Pedro Fragoso , Trautenmuller Jonathan William , Nakajima Nelson Yoshihiro
Published: November 2020

Generally, the forest populations are extensive and frequently require to be inventoried in short term, where the implementation of forest inventory is closely linked to the sampling theory. With objective to compare three different shapes of fixed area plots to estimate parameters of the forest as average diameter, basal area, the number of trees and volume per hectare, evaluating the respective precision, relative efficiency, cost and measurement time in four different ages. The rectangular plot had presented better precision to estimate the average DBH, number of trees and basal area and the circular plot with better precision for volume per hectare. About efficiency, the square plot had presented the best efficiency for the variable average DBH, basal area and volume and the circular plot was the most efficient for the numbers of trees ha-1. The square plot also had shown the lower cost and measurement time to estimate the variables evaluated. The rectangular plot had presented the best precision in the estimative of the variables, as well as, the lower sampling error in the most of the cases evaluated in this study, following the circular plot, and the square plot with lower precision. In relation to the efficiency, the square plot had presented the best performance and the rectangular plot the worst performance in all age classes and evaluated variables. The square plots as the best plot shape to estimate the variables average DBH, number of trees, basal area and volume per hectare.
Development of the Trametes versicolor (L.) C. G. Lloyd. fungus on the wood of thermoregulated Pinus taeda L.
Authors: Santos Luana Maria dos , Nieri Erick Martins , Pereira Flávia Alves , Krefta Sandra Mara , Mata Jéssica Batista da
Published: November 2020

The companies in the forestry sector seek highly durable wood, prioritizing the use of planted forests, and the thermal treatment is a viable alternative to provide quality to these woods. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the resistance of the heat-treated Pinus taeda L wood by the attack of white rot fungus Trametes versicolor (L.) CG Lloyd. The P. taeda L. wood was deployed in joinery to obtain samples with dimensions of 30 x 15 x 2.5 cm (length x width x thickness), being treated at temperatures of 140, 160 and 180ºC. From these, 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 cm specimens were obtained and subjected to the fungus for six weeks. The accelerated rot test was carried out in accordance with the ASTM D2017 standard. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (T1 = 0; T2 = 140°C; T3 = 160°C and T4 = 180°C) and nine replications. The loss of mass caused by the fungus was less in heat treated wood. On the other hand, the increase in temperature did not provide greater resistance to the material. In conclusion, heat treatment has reduced the degradation caused by the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Heat treatment at 140°C is indicated to avoid loss of mass in P. taeda L. woods submitted to the fungus T. versicolor. All treated woods were classified as highly resistant.
Agronomic performance of canola hybrids cultivated in a low altitude region in Southern Brazil
Authors: Colet Fabiano , Follmann Diego Nicolau , Nied Astor Henrique , Lúcio Alessandro Dal'Col , Martin Thomas Newton
Published: November 2020

The area occupied by crops has expanded in recent years in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and the search for alternative winter crops to integrate the productive system is relevant given the idleness of the areas at this time and the lower risk of frost losses that occur in most grain-producing regions. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of eight canola hybrids (Hyola 61, Hyola 50, Hyola 433, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Diamond, ALHT B4, and ALHT M6), cultivated in low altitude areas, in the Central region of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The experiment was conducted in 2017, in Santa Maria, RS, using a randomized block design with four replicates. Canola hybrids show variability regarding the morphological components and grain production. The environmental condition and low altitude of the region of Santa Maria do not compromise the productive potential of the canola crop, obtaining grain productivity superior to the state and national averages. Therefore, canola crop can be inserted in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul if adequate agronomic management is performed. The cultivars Hyola 50, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 433, Hyola 575CL, Diamond, and Hyola 61 present the highest grain productivity.
Adequacy of electrical conductivity test for lentil seeds
Authors: Silva Edvan Costa da , Menechini Wagner , Galvão Carolina Dos Santos , Oliveira Luís Augusto Batista de , Ferreira Natália Cássia de Faria , Silva Luciana Sabini da
Published: November 2020

The electrical conductivity test stands out among the existing physiological quality tests due to its simplicity of execution, repeatability, speed, easy interpretation of results, and low cost. This study aimed to establish a methodology for the test of electric conductivity in lentil seeds (Lens culinaris Medik), involving the seeds’ number of seeds and soaking time. The experiment was conducted at the Multidisciplinary Laboratory of the State University of Goiás, Campus Ipameri, in 2018. Lentil Silvina seeds were used, stored in the seed laboratory of the same institution. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 4x5 factorial scheme, with four seed lots (25, 50, 75, and 100 seeds) and five soaking times (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 hours) at 25 ºC, with four replications. The initial seed quality was characterized (water content, first counting of germination, percentage of germination, accelerated aging and 1000-seed weight). For the electrical conductivity test, four repetitions of 25, 50, 75, and 100 seeds each were used, weighed on a digital scale with an accuracy of 0.001 g and placed in plastic cups, with a capacity of 200 mL, containing 75 mL of distilled water. Then, the plastic cups remained in a BOD chamber, adjusted at 25 °C and the measuring was performed after 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 hours of soaking in a conductivity meter (DIGIMED DM 31), the results being expressed in μS cm-1 g-1. There was a significant interaction when evaluating the number of seeds per repetition and the soaking time. The use of replicates with 50 seeds subjected to 12 h of soaking shows the best results for the lentil seeds' electrical conductivity test.
Stability of extruded diets for dogs
Authors: Lima Daniele Cristina de , Bastos Tais Silvino , Souza Camilla Mariane Menezes , Silva Juarez Ribeiro da , Oliveira Simone Gisele de , Félix Ananda Portella
Published: November 2020

Controlling the factors that influence the conservation of extruded dog foods can increase shelf life and/or guarantee the quality of shelf life of diets for these animals. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the relationship among water activity (Aw), moisture (M), acidity, lipid peroxidation, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and kibble size of extruded dog foods stored in sealed and open packages for 60 days (Experiment I). We also evaluated the stability of the Aw for up to 6.5 hours after coating with palatant (Experiment II). We manufactured four extruded dry dog foods: high CP and EE (HPE); low CP and EE (LPE); small kibble (SK); and large kibble (LK). In experiment I, the foods were stored in sealed 1 kg packages and 10 kg open packages, for a period of 60 days. We measured Aw, M, acidity, peroxide, CP, and EE of foods and the relative humidity (RH). Data were subjected to Pearson correlation analysis. For experiment II, samples were collected immediately after coating with palatant. Sub samples were collected every half hour to measure Aw. In experiment I, positive correlations were observed (P0.05) among kibble size, M, and Aw; acidity, CP, EE, and M; and between Aw and RH, for open and sealed packages. There was also a positive correlation (P0.05) for open packages among time, Aw, and peroxide. In experiment II, LK and LPE food presented Aw stabilized in less time. Diets with higher kibble size and high CP and EE levels are more unstable if kept in open packages. Extruded dry food with higher protein and lipid and smaller kibble size needs more time to stabilize its Aw.
Phosphate fertilization and organic compost on the initial growth of sorghum in degraded soils
Authors: Cardoso Edvaldo Renner da Costa , Silva Francisco Nildo da , Maia Sandra Sely Silveira , Hernandez Fernando Felipe Ferreyra , Santos Rosemery Alesandra Firmino dos , Nazareno Lailla Sabrina Queiroz
Published: November 2020

One of the strategies for the recovery of degraded soils is the planting of fast-growing forage species with high biomass production. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of sorghum in degraded soils with organic fertilization and different phosphorus levels. A completely randomized design with a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement was used, with four soil types, three levels of phosphorus fertilization and two levels of organic fertilization. At 64 days after sowing the characteristics of the initial growth were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and fresh shoot mass. The height was measured by measuring the neck of the plant until the end of the newest fully expanded leaf, measured with the aid of a measuring tape and expressed in centimeters. The diameter of the stem, by means of a digital pachymeter. The application of phosphorus and organic matter in degraded soils is necessary for the initial development of sorghum plants, due to the low availability of this element, caused by the high adsorption of P in the soil colloids. Besides that, the lack of organic matter in the studied soils led to a decrease in the growth of sorghum, therefore, it is concluded that soil management in saline environments is necessary for the application of phosphorus and organic matter for a sustainable and technically viable production.
A plea for a cognitive linguistics perspective on the notion of linguistic competence in the Common European Framework of Reference
Authors: Strugielska Ariadna , Piątkowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

This paper demonstrates that although linguistic competence (LC) is an essential dimension of the Common European Framework of Reference (Council of Europe, 2001; 2018), it is defined in an inconsistent way resulting from combining elements of formal and functional approaches. Thus, rather than interconnected, linguistic competence emerges as dichotomized and in need of an approach that could reconcile incompatibilities in the way(s) LC is characterized in the document. We propose that a cognitive linguistic perspective built on the schematic commitment is a viable approach to re-defining LC.
Psychological factors of successful foreign language acquisition
Authors: Shishova Evgeniya O.
Published: November 2020

The article is dedicated to the study of the internal determination of the effectiveness of teaching non-native languages and to the identification of psychological factors in a person’s success in the process of foreign language learning. As psychological determinants of foreign language acquisition, the following are pointed out: language ability, cognitive and emotional factors, motivation, and the subject’s personal qualities in a learning activity. The results of an empirical investigation broadening the concept of the structure of language ability are provided. Foreign-language abilities are seen as a complex structure, including the quality of mental processes (auditory comprehension, aural and eye memory, verbal and cognitive activity, imitating abilities) and students’ personal qualities (communicative and emotional). Abilities as specific qualities of cognitive processes that directly contribute to the acquisition of materials considerably determine the activity success. Psychological difficulties in the process of foreign language teaching, which are determined by motivational, emotional, cognitive, and personal factors, are defined in the article.
The impact of collaborative instruction of language learning strategies on language learning beliefs and learner autonomy
Authors: Khonamri Fatemeh , Pavlikova Martina , Ansari Fatemeh , Sokolova Natalia L. , Korzhuev Andrey V. , Rudakova Elena V.
Published: November 2020

Research on the relationship among language learning strategy, language learning beliefs and autonomy abounds in the literature. However, few studies have explored the possibility of promoting learners’ autonomy and changing their beliefs through instructing language learning strategies in a collaborative manner. In addition, most of the earlier investigations have been carried out through purely cognitive or sociocultural perspectives employing solely quantitative or qualitative methods. Using a socio-cognitive framework, the present study aimed at first, identifying the relationships among language learning beliefs, language learning strategies, and learner autonomy; and second, investigating the role of collaboration in using language learning strategies that would eventually lead to autonomy and change of beliefs. To collect data, a mixed-method design was applied. An autonomy questionnaire, Horwitz's BALLI (Beliefs about Language Learning Inventory, 1987) and Oxford's SILL (Strategy Inventory for Language Learning, 1990) were given to177 EFL learners at the University of Mazandaran in Iran. To supplement the quantitative data with qualitative data, negotiated interviews and the learners' selfreflection notes were used. The analysis was done using paired sample T-tests, SEM and also content analysis. The findings revealed that language learning beliefs affected the learners' autonomy through the mediation of language learning strategies. However, the instruction of the strategies did not have any effects on the learners' autonomy but it helped in changing their language learning beliefs. The qualitative analysis also led to identifying some categories, subcategories and their relationships to and effects on each other.
Comparative effects of self-assessment, peer-assessment, and teacher assessment on EFL learners’ writing performance
Authors: Meihami Hussein , Esfandiari Rajab
Published: November 2020

Self-assessment and peer-assessment, as two alternative assessment procedures, have appealed to researchers in recent years and motivated L2 researchers to examine these two techniques. However, most of the studies have used them for summative purposes, and the formative dimension these two methods can have for learning has been neglected. This study was an attempt to find how they contributed to learning gains. To that end, sixty Iranian male and female intermediate language learners at a language institute were randomly assigned into three treatment conditions: Selfassessment and peer-assessment as experimental groups and teacher assessment as a control group. A language proficiency test was used to homogenize language learners, and a posttest was administered to measure the amount of gain language learners achieved after treatment sessions. We analyzed the test data using descriptive and inferential statistics as implemented in SPSS, a general-purpose computer program for data analysis. Results from a one-way analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences between the score means of three treatment groups. Post-hoc analyses revealed that language learners in the peer-assessment group outperformed those in the other two groups. The findings suggest that peer-assessment as a cooperative technique can be used in language classes to help students improve their writing abilities.
Elavult a beszélgetés?
Authors: Kolozsvári Orsolya
Published: November 2020

Sherry Turkle (2015): Reclaiming Conversation:The Power of Talk in a Digital Age. Penguin Books, New York, 436 p. - Recenzió.
THE PEDIATRIC FACULTY STUDENTS DENTAL DISEASES PREVENTION AWARENESS ASSESSMENT
Authors: Snetkova Natalia , SNETKOVA Tat`yana , Makusheva Natal'ya , AKATYEVA Galina , CHUYKIN Sergey
Published: November 2020

Subject. Pediatricians play an important role in the foundation of a healthy lifestyle of children and their parents. The subject matter is the pediatric faculty students dental diseases prevention awareness level, since children, adolescents and their parents health education is one of important aspects of their future professional activities.

Purpose ― study of major dental diseases prevention knowledge level of the pediatric faculty students.

Methodology. A survey of 141 5th year students of the pediatric faculty was conducted, including 120 (85.1 %) girls and 21 (14.9 %) men. The students were offered to answer 35 questions regarding eating habits, the causes of tooth decay, the rules of tooth brushing, oral hygiene products, the reasons for visiting a dentist, medical activity of students.

Results. The analysis of questionnaires showed that 82.3 % (116) of students under survey follow the oral care regular rules. The survey also showed that the students do not know all the technique rules of tooth brushing.

The analysis of the pediatric faculty students’ opinion of their knowledge level of the reasons for tooth diseases and periodontal tissues showed that 25.5 % of respondents know enough: 63.8 % want to know more; 10.6 % said they do not know enough. Regarding the medical activity 29.1 % of the respondents answered that they regularly visit the dentist 2 or more times a year, 46.1 % ― once a year, 12.7 % ― every 2-3 years, 11.3 % ― when they have a tooth ache. 31.9 % of respondents correctly listed the methods to prevent dental caries.

Conclusion. The pediatric faculty students have an insufficient level of knowledge of the reasons for dental diseases and their prevention methods.

The results of the survey indicate the necessity of a correct understanding of the importance of this problem by the pediatric faculty students.
Labour Usage and Productivity in Temperate Fruits Production in Himachal Pradesh A Study of District Shimla
Authors: Vishal C. , Sikander K.
Published: November 2020

Background: Labour being a principle Factor of production in the Agriculture and has great influence in the crop production, therefore, a study was conducted to understand the labour Man-days and its efficiency in the production of different temperate fruits. From the study, we will try to found labour Man-days used in different farm activities under different temperate fruits and its role in the production of the different fruits. Methods: In this study field investigation was conducted during the Year 2018-2019 and data of 200 farming households of different farm size were collected from 10 different panchayats of Jubbal and kotkhai Block of district Shimla. Result: From our study, it was discovered that most labour Man-days utilization per hectare can be seen in Apple production across all farm size as compare to other fruits production. As far as labour productivity per kg is concern it has been observed that it high in apple production as compare other fruit production, however, when we look it from farm size point small farm performance looks better in most of the crops.
Ascorbic Acid a Universal Supplement that Mitigates Road Transportation Stress in Ruminants: A Review
Authors: Biobaku K. T. , Ahmed A. O.
Published: November 2020

This write up is aimed at proffering solution to the problem of transportation stress in ruminants in the tropics. Ascorbic acid is safe as buttressed in this write up for the improvement of meat quality in short and long terms road transportation stress.This review cover an aspect of animal physiology of stress, veterinary pharmacological aspects of ascorbic acid, how ascorbic acid improved meat product of animals exposed to long transportation stress. Ascorbic acid had no withdrawal period and was scientifically proven to be advantageous to meat characteristics and animal welfare. This was given credence to by its advantages as an anti-oxidative agent in solving the menace of road transportation to veterinarians, animal scientists and other professionals in the livestock industry.
Morphological and Physiological Characterization of Sesbania genotypes
Authors: Chanda Sontosh Chandra , Abdullah Md. Rishad , Razzak Md. Abdur , Golam Sarwar A. K.M.
Published: November 2020

Background: Sesbania species are widely used in different agricultural systems providing green manure, forage, firewood, pulp, food, landscape decoration, control of soil erosion and soil improvement. The biomass yield and yield contributing descriptors of Sesbania depend on different physiological traits.
Methods: An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University to find out the morphological and physiological variability among four Sesbania genotypes. Sesbania species, viz. S. bispinosa, S. cannabina, S. sesban and S. rostrata, were used as experimental materials. Seeds were sown in 2.5 m × 2.0 m plots to maintain 200 plants m-2 following randomized complete block design with three replications. Seed length and width, 1000-seed weight, germination percentage, vigour index, seedling length and biomass yield parameters were recorded. Different growth data were recorded and physiological descriptors were calculated at every 10 days intervals up to 60 days after sowing (DAS).
Result: The results revealed that the highest value of plant height, number of leaflets pair leaf-1, leaf length and biomass yield were found in S. bispinosa and the lowest in S. sesban at 60 DAS. Sesbania sesban produced higher biomass and studied growth descriptors up to 20 DAS and thereafter declined, however, other three species produced higher biomass and studied growth descriptors from 30 to 60 DAS.
Illustration of Key Morphological Characteristics of Phytophthora cajani-Pathogen of Phytophthora Blight of Pigeonpea
Authors: Jadesha G. , Sharma Mamta , Reddy P. Narayan
Published: November 2020

Background: Phytophthora cajani causing the Phytophthora blight (PB) disease of pigeonpea. The disease will rampant during excessive rainfall coupled with hot and humid weather during the cropping season. The present study on micro and macro morphological characteristics can contribute to the identification and specification of biology of Phytophthora spp. There are no detailed studies concerning the characterization of the P. cajani are available with this backdrop the present investigation was taken.
Methods: Phytophthora cajani was isolated on V-8 PARP medium, whereas stimulation of zoospores and sporangia was done using the diluted tomato juice broth. Micro and macro morphological characteristics of P. cajani were studied using micrometry and Olympus CX41 phase-contrast microscope.
Result: The pathogen was homothallic with amphigynous antheridium and oogonium and able to produce oospore in vitro. Sporangium was nonpapillate, noncaducous, oviod-obpyriform shape. Further, the macro morphological characteristics like mycelial radial growth and colony type were studied. The colony characteristics were dull white, flat and rosette pattern. Other culture characteristics like optimum temperature and RH were mostly consistent with those reported former.
SUFI HEALING COMMODIFICATION THROUGHOUT EAST JAVA URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Huda M. Syamsul
Published: November 2020

This article examines the shifting of the functions and motives of Sufi healing from the pesantren tradition, in which the main actor is the healer kiai who prioritizes community service and healing as part of the da’wah, changing to capital motives in conducting healing traditions in Islam. The research process used participatory observation method in clinical settings to examine Sufi healing practices and interview therapists and patients who use Sufi healing services, as well as comparative-historical methods in studying the ontology and epistemology of healing. The findings of this study include: first, Sufi healing contains elements of bayani, irfani, and finally bil kasbi. Yet, in practice it takes the irfani as the most common method, especially through the method of prayer, zikr, and prayer. Second, the integration built by Islamic therapists is done by combining medical method in the area of marketing share and psycho-sufism to build patient confidence. Third, this role is more than Sufi healing prioritizing the practice of religious capitalization, namely identifying medical treatment clinics in the form of Sufi healing for economic purposes. Artikel ini mengkaji pergeseran fungsi dan motif penyembuhan sufi dari tradisi pesantren yang aktor utamanya kiai tabib yang mengutamakan pengabdian kepada kesehatan dan penyembuhan masyarakat sebagai bagian dari dakwah, berubah ke motif kapital tradisi penyembuhan dalam Islam. Dalam proses penelitian menggunakan metode observasi partisipatif ke tempat klinik yang membuka praktek penyembuhan sufi dan mewawancarai terapis dan pasien yang menggunakan jasa penyembuhan sufi, serta menggunakan metode historis komparatif dalam menelaah ontologi dan epistemologi penyembuhan. Adapun temuan penelitian ini antara lain pertama, penyembuhan sufi memuat unsur bayani, irfani, dan terakhir bil kasbi. Namun dalam prakteknya cara irfani menjadi metode yang paling umum dilakukan, khususnya melalui metode do’a, zikir, dan salat. Kedua, integrasi yang dibangun para terapis islami adalah dengan cara memadukan antara cara medis pada wilayah pemasaran dan psiko sufistik untuk membangun keyakinan para pasien. Ketiga, peran ini lebih dari sufi healing yang mengutamakan praktik kapitalisasi agama, yakni mengidentifikasi klinik jasa pengobatan dalam bentuk penyembuhan sufi demi tujuan ekonomis.