bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEÇ HİTİT DÖNEMİ KABARTMALARINDA TASVİR EDİLEN YEMEK SAHNELERİ VE BU SAHNELERDE GEÇEN BAŞLICA OBJELER
Authors: ÖZER Sevde Nur
Published: May 2021

Arkeolojik çalışmalar sonucu gün yüzüne çıkan stel, ortostat ve mezar taşı olarak kullanılan kabartmalarda, o dönemi anlamamızı sağlayan bir takım objeler kullanıldığı bilinmekte olup, kullanılan her objenin bir anlamı olmakta ve muhtemelen o döneme ait çeşitli olguların ifade edilmesinde ve anlaşılmasında önemli bir bilgi aktarımı sağlamaktadır. Buna göre kabartmalarda gözlenen yemek/ziyafet sahneleri de incelenen döneme ışık tutmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise MÖ 1. Binyıl da var olmuş Anadolu’da gözlenen Geç Hitit devletlerinin, tarihe ışık tutan sanatsal kabartmalarındaki yemek/ziyafet sahnelerinin incelenmesi yer almaktadır. Çalışmaya konu olan kabartmalarda yer alan objeler, Geç Hitit dönemine ait günlük yaşantı ve inanç gibi konulara ışık tuttuğu, özellikle de o döneme ait soylu sınıf hakkında daha çok bilgi aktardığı anlaşılmaktadır.
MANİPÜLATİF DİL ÜZERİNE ELEŞTİREL SÖYLEM ANALİZİ
Authors: SAKIN Bertuğ , BÜYÜKBİRER Sümeyye
Published: May 2021

Manipülatif dil; toplulukların bilinçli bir şekilde yönlendirilmelerini sağlaması, belirli dilsel stratejileri kullanarak hedef kitle üzerinde derin etkiler bırakması ve toplumsal algı oluşturabilmesi açısından özellikle incelenmesi gereken bir konudur. Dilsel manipülasyon, insanları belirli bir eylemde bulunmaları ya da önemli kararlar almaları için etkilemeye odaklanmaktadır. Eleştirel söylem analizi ise manipülatif eylemlerin tanımlanmasını sağlayan çeşitli araçlar sunması açısından manipülatif dille ilgili çalışmalarda başvurulan bir analiz yöntemidir. Bu araştırmada; toplumsal sorunlar ve politik meseleler üzerine yoğunlaşan söylemlerin yapılarını toplumsal etkileşimin ve toplumsal yapının özellikleri yönünden açıklamayı amaçlayan eleştirel söylem analizi metodu kullanılmıştır. Sperber ve Wilson’ın bağıntı kuramı bu çalışmanın teorik dayanağını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, ulusal kanallardaki ana haber kuşağından sonra yayınlanan tartışma programları incelenerek sunucu ve konukların söylemleri eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemi ile çözümlenmiş ve elde edilen bulgular bağıntı kuramı ilkelerine dayandırılarak dilsel manipülasyon temelinde yorumlanmıştır.
Oxus Civilization and Migration Processes
Authors: Bakiyev A.
Published: May 2021

The article on the basis of the civilizational approach analyzes the approaches of urban scientists about the development of society in chronological order. The role of Central Asia in the system of civilizations of the ancient East is discussed. On the basis of archaeological, anthropological, ethnographic sources, the influence of migration processes on the transformation of local cultures to the level of the first civilizations has been revealed. The nature of the migration processes of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (Oxus civilization).
On the Fifth Civilization of Ancient East
Authors: Bakiyev A.
Published: May 2021

In the article, on the basis of the civilization approach, the approaches of urban scientists about the development of society in a chronological order are analyzed and the culture of the Bronze Age in Central Asia is studied. The problem of introducing the cultures of the Bronze Age of Central Asia into the system of the ancient civilization is investigated. On the basis of archaeological, anthropological, ethnographic sources, the main characteristics of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (Oxus civilization). The scientific discourse of the concepts of culture and civilization in the development of society is commented.
The Role of Sharaf Rashidov in the Development of International Cultural Relation of Uzbekistan
Authors: Kurbanova Sh.
Published: May 2021

The article emphasizes one of the most important aspects of Rashidov’s multifaceted political activity —his role as the leader of Uzbekistan in the development of international cultural relations with foreign countries. In the Soviet Union, political relations with foreign countries were in charge of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the authority of the Union. As the leader, Rashidov represented the USSR in negotiations with many foreign leaders. During the Rashidov’s years, the capital of Uzbekistan, Tashkent became one of the cultural centers of the East.
The Main Stages of the Development Process of Ancient Surkhan
Authors: Kholiyorov T. , Makhmatkulova S.
Published: May 2021

This article presents conclusions about the development of the ancient Surkhan territory by the inhabitants of this region, also analyzes the emergence of the early anthropogenic landscape of irrigated agriculture, handicrafts, and the development of the urban planning industry.
Uzbek Scholar Sherali Turdiev: Discoverer of the Closed Pages
Authors: Turdieva Kh.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the life and work of Sherali Turdiyev, a well-known enlightener — scholar and writer. Dr. Sherali Turdiyev had dedicated quite a big part of his life for studying life and fate of the erudite and well-educated personalities who had been victims of injustice in the first part of XX century. Dr. Sherali Turdiyev had investigated the activities and works of the repressed intellectuals and Jadids in detail and made a significant contribution to justify them. The responsibility of today’s young intellectuals to know such passionate researchers as Sherali Turdiyev and to continue their work. As a granddaughter of Dr. Sherali Turdiyev, I dared to write about my grandfather based on his remembrance pages.
Stylistic and Functional Features of Somatisms in the Epic of Manas
Authors: Zhancharbekova S.
Published: May 2021

This article describes and analyzes examples of the use of somatisms in the Epic of Manas. Somatisms are viewed as a kind of cultural code that metaphorizes every day, historical features of the picture of the world of the Kyrgyz people. The material for the study was the text of the Epic of Manas, which is not only a well-known folklore work, but also an embodiment of cultural and historical phenomena in the life of the people. The somatisms contained in the text of the epic become a reflection of the everyday, worldview and cultural orientations of the native speakers. The purpose of the study is to identify the most common somatic units, as well as to determine their role and significance in the cultural code of the Kyrgyz language. Special attention is paid to the ability of somatisms to metaphorize to display complex historical, cultural and everyday features of the picture of the world of the Kyrgyz people. The novelty of the work lies in the systematic analysis of somatic units based on the Epic of Manas, in the distribution of somatisms into groups. As a result of the study, it became clear that the image of “corporeality” is often used in the linguistic picture of the world of an ethnic group. Somatisms are often used as a tool for conceptualizing objects, complex phenomena, cultural characteristics of the Kyrgyz people, etc. Somatisms are widely represented in oral folk art, they are an important element of the lexical richness of the language. This study is devoted to the use of somatisms in the Epic of Manas, revealing their role in the creation of artistic images and folk ideas about various objects and complex phenomena, traditions and culture.
Historical Formation of the Kyrgyz Phythonymy
Authors: Tulegenova D.
Published: May 2021

In the article, the author analyzes the opinions of famous scientists regarding the names of the plant world and studies in detail the meaning of specific phytonyms in the Kyrgyz language. At the same time, the scientific-anthological, historical significance of the names of the plant world in the development of the linguistic structure as such is considered. Consequently, the names of the plant world clearly reflect the interaction of human society with nature in general. As we know, the Kyrgyz language, in turn, being a part of the Turkic language family, is one of the most ancient languages among them. This circumstance by itself is a favorable soil for the appearance of similarities between the names of the flora of a given territory. However, these similarities are found in lexical and affixal composition, and at the same time, many plant names are transparent in terms of their etymology.
Names Related to Kinship in Dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by M. Kashgari, their Use in the Modern Kyrgyz Language
Authors: Davlatova S.
Published: May 2021

The article is relevant in defining the role of modern Kyrgyz language as one of the ancient Turkic languages and examines the process of the Kyrgyz language development. The purpose of this article is to determine the level of words application related to kinship in the dictionary Diwan Lughat at-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari, a written monument of the 11th century, in comparison with the vocabulary of the modern Kyrgyz language. The object of the research is the Kyrgyz translations in M. Kashgari’s dictionary. The research was carried out on the basis of the historical-comparative method. Words related to kinship studied in the dictionary in comparison with the materials of the modern Kyrgyz language. On this basis, the level of use of the modern Kyrgyz language determined. In some cases, facts from related languages were used for comparison. Therefore, the level of related words use in the modern Kyrgyz vocabulary given in the M. Kashgari’s dictionary determined and distributed as following: Words related to kinship, registered in the dictionary of Diwan Lughat at-Turk by M. Kashgari and used without changes in the modern Kyrgyz language: ата – father, еже – sister, ини – younger brother, еркек – male, атаке – daddy, қыз – girl, киши – human, төркүн – own parents home, келин – bride, қары – old, ак сакал – veteran etc. Words used in the modern Kyrgyz language with phonetic changes in words, related to kinship in the dictionary: уғул – son, уғлан-boy, аба – mother, grandmother, еге – sister, elder sister, өге – brother, өгей уғул – adopted son, қазын – husbands brother, емикдеш – breastfeeding, тун уғул – firt son, йезне – sisters husband, йурығчы – marriage broker, mediator, йеңе – sister in law, савчы – marriage broker,emdiator күни – rival, тағай – uncle, қаңсық ата – stepfather, қаңсық уғул – adopted son, тутунчы уғул – nursed son, ерңен – single (эрен), қаатун – wife etc. Words related to kinship, found in the dictionary by M. Kashgari, but not used in modern Kyrgyz language: үзүк – woman (female), урағут – woman (female), ишлер – wife, woman, (female), ынал – child borned from rich grandmother and poor mother, оғуш – relatives, беки – couples, кис – partner (couple), қузуз – divorced woman, чыкан – cousin, mother sister child, намыжа – brother in law, туғсақ – widow, жамрақ – children, қазнағун – wifes relatives to husband, йурч – wife’s younger brother, husband’s younger brother, йанчы – mediator, қуртға – old woman, туңур – husbands relatives to wife, etc. Thus, most of the words in M. Kashgari’s dictionary used in modern Kyrgyz vocabulary, and this conclusion proves that the Kyrgyz language is one of the ancient Turkic languages. The results of studying the relationship of related words in the dictionary of Diwan Lughat at-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari with the modern Kyrgyz language can be material for a comparative study of the history of the Kyrgyz language, historical lexicology, and names associated with kinship in the Turkic languages.
Overview on Functional Syntax in World Linguistics
Authors: Abadova S.
Published: May 2021

This article reflects the innovations in the functional syntax of scholars who have contributed to the history of linguistics around the world. Noam Chomsky’s philosophical and psychological views on the innate nature of language in the human mind are included in the article. The various primitive ideas of the ancient Greeks about the origin of speech were the basis of logical, morphological, and lexical approaches in modern linguistics. According to book Syntax of the Russian Language by A. Shakhmatov, people first created sentences and then determined their composition. The research of ancient Arabic linguists played an important role in the development of such modem languages. The original research brought to the structural syntax by a number of Azerbaijani linguists are of great importance in the linguistics of the Turkic-speaking peoples. From the data obtained, it can be concluded that syntax is the most interesting and complex discussion of linguistics.
On Some Words of Azerbaijani-Turkish Origin
Authors: Huseynova H.
Published: May 2021

The study of the dialectal features of languages, which are means of communication between people, is very valuable in terms of studying the historical development of the language, its nationality, its relationship with other languages, the historical development of its people. Taking into account these aspects, we tried to study the dialects of the Azerbaijani language, to identify the examples preserved in the dialect lexicon of our language and considered archetypes of modern language units, to talk about their contacts with other languages, etymology of some Turkic words. In this regard, the article in Russian “cups, yogurt, pies, paints, etc.” Opinions were expressed on the etymology of the words, and it was proved that they were of Turkic origin.
Reduce the Incidence of Flour Albus Using the Betel Leaves Extract
Authors: Tunny Risman , Pelu Aulia Deby , Soulissa Jarmil
Published: May 2021

Vaginal discharge is often not taken seriously by the teens when it could be an indication of disease. Vaginal discharge is a second problem after menstrual disorders. It is very uncomfortable, itchy, smelly and sometimes sore. Betel leaves boiled water to wash the vagina can reduce vaginal discharge because it contains essential oils that consist of betlephenol, kavicol, sidquiterpan, hydroxycicvicol, cavibetol, estragol, eugenol, and carvacol. The objective of this research is to describe the effect of betel leaves extract on the occurrence of flour albus on teenagers of SMA 3 west Seram western Seram regency 2015. It is a quantitative research by using quasy-experiment design to determine the existence of vaginal discharge (pre-test) and examine the effectiveness of the betel leaves extract after treatment (post-test). The sample were 18 respondents with observation sheet given. Research result shows that 13 of 18 respondents who experienced vaginal discharge cured after being treated in the form of betel leaves extract. It can be concluded that vaginal discharge before and after the treatment is given for the provision of betel leaves extract is different or experience the healing significantly.

Keywords: betel leaves extract; vaginal discharge
The Uniqueness of ‘Ali Al-Shabuni’s Methodology in the Book of Shafwah Al-Tafasir: Study to the Interpretation of Surah Al-Rahman
Authors: Hafidz Abdul , Ulum Khoirul , Nasir Muhammad Ridlwan , Idri Idri , Arif Mohammad
Published: May 2021

The Qur'an has proven to have inspired and produced many tafseer books with various approaches, methods and interpretive tendencies. The book of Shafwah Al-Tafasir is a contemporary tafseer hwo has written by Ali Al-Shabuni which has a unique and distinctive methodology. Because of this, this article aims to examine the exegetical methodology applied by Ali Al-Shabuni in interpreting surah Al-Rahman and to find out the advantages and weaknesses of its methodology. The results of this study indicate that the uniqueness of the methodology applied by Al-Shabuni in interpreting surah Al-Rahman is combine the riwayah and dirayah approaches and the tahlili and ijmali methods. In addition, it also use the tendency of al-adabi al-ijtima’i and the systematic, and contemporary interpretive techniques with additional footnotes to make it easier for readers to refer to the original source. As well as, the Ali Al-Shabuni’s methodology in the Book’s Shafwah Al-Tafasir has the advantages and the weaknesses.

Keywords: Surah Al-Rahman; ‘Ali Al Shabuni; Shafwah Al-Tafasir; uniqueness; methodology; interpretation
Material Selection for a Fuel Tank and its FE Simulation in deep drawing
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India, Gautam Vijay , Konar Subhajit
Published: May 2021

Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process in which deformation forces are oriented in the plane of the sheet, and the surface pressures in the tool are generally lower than the yield stress of the sheet material. The present work discusses the selection of sheet material suitable for a fuel tank by experimental evaluation of tensile properties of interstitial free steel and deep draw quality steel sheets of the same thickness of 0.8mm. The tensile specimens are laser cut from a blank with a known rolling direction and are tested for tensile properties and anisotropy. These tensile properties of the sheets are used in the material model in FE simulation of the deep draw process using HyperWorks. It is observed that an optimum blank holder force is necessary to remove the wrinkling defects. It is concluded that higher ductility and normal anisotropy are the key factors for higher thinning resistance in deep drawing and hence, interstitial free steel sheet qualifies as the better material for the fuel tank.
Behaviour of PV cell with variation in parameters
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India, Ram Kumar P. V. , Khurana Aman , Mishra R. S.
Published: May 2021

First electrical behavior i.e. short circuit current and open-circuit voltage is observed. The effect of different parameters on the I-V and P-V curve is studied considering uniform illumination. These parameters are insolation level, temperature, series resistance, shunt resistance, diode reverse saturation current. A variation on I-V and P-V curves are different with each parameter. With some parameters, the effect is significant while for others the effect is not so significant. For the parameters whose effect is not so significant large variation of inputs is taken for showing the effect. Simulation work is done in MATLAB
Hard Turning of AISI D2 Steel In CNC Machining: An Overview
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India, Gupta Navriti , Agrawal, A.K , Walia R.S , Singari Ranganath
Published: May 2021

D2 steel is an industrial tool steel. It is widely used in the tool and die industry for making cutting tool inserts, bending inserts, restriking inserts, etc. which can be taken out after their tool life. D2 steel is a very tough steel and difficult to machine also. High generations tool bits like Tungsten carbides and Titanium carbides are required to machine them. The heat treatment follows the machining process. Their machinability is very low. CNC machines are often used to finish them. Often they are machined using programs on UG-NX Uni Graphics(CAM) and DELCAM. And they have to be machined in three steps. Roughing operations, followed by Semi-Finish machining and the last step is finish machining.CNC machining centers are versatile in their applications in metal removal processes. Often they are so modernized that just like many manufacturing operations, metal removal can be automated too. The need for CNC machining arises due to extensive finishing requirements in the aerospace, automotive industries. However, the CNC or Computer and Numerically controlled machining process usage is not limited to these industries only. Tool and Die industry also is heavily dependent on CNC material removal and machining processes as now replaceable inserts are widely used in this industry.
Optimization of Temperature variations on Steel Grade EN-18 using Pin-on-disc Method
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India, Rana Shri kant , kumar, Sumit , Rana Ramakant
Published: May 2021

In this era, technology has the main role and has a tremendous number of industrial machines which are also used in daily life. Steel is the basic industrial material used in all sectors. From all the Steel, Tool Steel has been extensively used and has many applications in today’s technological industries. Tool Steel Grade EN-18 is used for the experimentation in this research. It has a noteworthy range of physical properties which can be imparted to various field. Experiments were conducted for analyzing the temperature variations on Steel Grade EN-18 using a pin-on-disc wear test rig as per ASTM specification G99. The temperature rises at the contact area when there is relative motion between two mating surfaces. This motion also results in the failure of the components. Experiments have been carried out to study and analyze the temperature variations of various materials with respect to tool steel, while the operational parameters were normal load, sliding velocity of pin w.r.t. rotating disk at room temperature, and different materials. Based on the experiments the dependency of temperature variations is found on applied load, sliding speed, and material.
Variation in Maximum Power and Maximum Power point with different parameter analysis
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India, Ramkumar P V , Mishra R S , Khurana Aman
Published: May 2021

Variation in Maximum power and Maximum power point i.e. voltage at which Maximum Power is observed with different parameters are studied. Parameters are insolation, temperature, series resistance, shunt resistance, and reverse saturation current of the diode. For this I-V and P-V characteristics with a variation of these parameters are analyzed. For finding out the Maximum PowerPoint, Perturb & Observe technique is used. Variation in these points is different with each parameter. All simulation work is done in MATLAB.
Wear Characterization of Al/ B4C surface composite produced by TIG arc process
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India, Yuvaraj N.
Published: May 2021

Aluminum-based surface composites were fabricated by the TIG arc process. B4C micro and nanoparticles were filled separately on the grooves of the Aluminum substrate and modified the surfaces with different TIG arc speeds. The modified composite surface was characterized by optical microscope, Scanning Electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. The microhardness and wear properties of the composite surface were evaluated. The results of this study revealed that the newly formed nanocomposite surface enhances the hardness and wear characteristics. The wear worn-out surfaces of the composite surface were analyzed through SEM studies in order to understand the wear mechanisms
BER Performance Evaluation for MIMO-OFDM for Underwater Channel
Authors:   GSSSIETW, Mysuru, India, B. Manjula , Kumar Devendra ,   Government Engineering College, kushalanagar, India
Published: May 2021

The transmission of information in underwater communication is a challenging issue because it is affected by noise from various sources that are due to multipath propagation, signals in underwater channels experience inter symbol interference. In a typical radio frequency communication, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is widely employed to combat the effects of ISI, because OFDM obviates the need for complex equalization techniques. In this paper, the designing OFDM model using Simulink and various OFDM model designs will be surveyed, and accordingly, design is done. The Orthogonal space-time block Coding Technique will be introduced to this OFDM Model with different channels. Underwater Communication constitutes problems like the data rate will be the lowest and even the data loss rate, multi-path fading, and maximum error bits. So, this OFDM model is designed to overcome all the drawbacks of underwater communication and Orthogonal space-time block coding is chosen as the best method among various error coding techniques which will provide the best result.
The Grain refinement of Aluminum alloys in Friction Stir Processing: A Review
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India, Yuvaraj N
Published: May 2021

Most of the industrial applications based upon surface properties. Aluminum and its alloys are mostly used in the surface application industries due to their excellent mechanical and corrosive properties. However, it exhibits poor tribological properties. To enhance the mechanical and wear properties of the material grain refinement mechanism is to be incorporated. To improve the surface properties of the material the Friction stir Processing (FSP) Technique is mostly used nowadays. FSP plays an important role in modifying the surface in an efficient, environmentally friendly, and economical manner. This review article describes the current status of the FSP Technology in grain refinement of Aluminum alloys.
Analytical Study Of Full Adder Circuit Using Modified Glitch Free Cascadable Adiabatic Logic
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Delhi-110042, India, Raghav Neha , Bansal Malti
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, power dissipation is among the most dominant concerns in designing a VLSI circuits. Endless improvement in technology has points to an increased requirement for devices which have the basic characteristic of low power consumption. Hence power has turn into a demanding design parameter in low power and high-performance applications. The Adiabatic logic technique is becoming a solution to the dilemma of power dissipation. Adders with huge power consumption affect the overall efficiency of the system. Hence, in this paper, the proposed application of full adder circuit is shown using the Modified Glitch Free Cascadable Adiabatic Logic. The circuit is compared with the conventional CMOS Logic and the power dissipation analysis is simulated with supply voltage = 0.9 V, 1.2 V and 1.8 V to analyze the pattern followed with supply variation at different temperature range. Similarly, the calculation of delay is performed for temperature values of 27˚C, 55˚C and 120˚C at 90nm technology.
Chemical Depolymerization and Value Addition Study of Post-Consumer Polycarbonate Waste
Authors:   DepartmentofAppliedchemistry, Shahi Surybala ,   DelhiTechnologicalUniversity,   Delhi-110042,India,, i Geetanjali , Singh Ram
Published: May 2021

Post-consumer plastics become an issue to the environment due to their stable and non-biodegradable nature. Their management is essential today and starts from the source of utility through segregation to the place where proper care can be taken place that includes landfills or energy recovery areas or place of recycling. The present work is a step towards the development of an environmentally friendly and sustainable depolymerization method of bisphenol A-based polycarbonate. Chemical recycling has come up with various advantages in comparison to the traditional recycling methods for plastics. The reaction has been performed with environmentally friendly green solvents and also with green reagents like alumina and montmorillonite clays.
Utilisation of fly ash as a potential reinforcement material for better mechanical properties of Aluminum
Authors:   Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Jain Akshat , Tarique Md. , Saxena Mayank , Rafi Md. , Ananad Mukul , Joshi Sumit , Kumar Sharma Vipin
Published: May 2021

The remarkable strength and durability characteristics found in lightweight alloys-based Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) assisted in enhancing their widespread use in automobile, aircraft, and marine sectors. The present study consists of utilizing a conventional stir casting setup for fabricating Aluminium-based MMCs having fly ash as reinforcement. The fly ash was reinforced with an aluminum matrix in proportions: 2, 4, and 6 % to get three different homogeneous samples of MMCs. The prepared samples were examined for microstructure and mechanical characterization. The MMCs samples exhibited successful incorporation and homogeneous dispersion of fly ash particles. The fly ash addition assisted in enhancing the hardness and decrease in strength of aluminum MMCs.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sintered Magnetic Abrasives Used in Advance Finishing Processes Through Powder Metallurgy Route
Authors:   Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Delhi, Bansal Ankit , Butola Ravi , Niranjan M S , Murtaza Qasim , Soni Umang ,   Delhi Technological University, Delhi
Published: May 2021

The magnetic field-assisted surface finishing process needs a sintered magnetic abrasive powder which could be a mixture of SiC and CIP particles. Tube furnaces have been used to develop SiC-based sintered magnetic abrasives. The focus of this article is to investigate the anticipated results and to carry out the fabrication setup of sintered magnetic abrasive for the super-finishing of composite materials and their coating. The article depicts a significant effect on the mechanical properties such as microhardness and compressive strength and analyzes SiC and CIP composite-based microstructure. The synthesis of the powder involves four major processes like blending; compaction and sintering. Characterization of sintered magnetic abrasives has been done using SEM, EDS, XRD to study morphology, chemical composition, crystallography, and magnetic properties. The results have been compared with the un-bonded magnetic abrasives. This paper also presents a brief literature review of the state-of-the-art technology of high-performance surface finishing processes used in manufacturing industries. Finally, the downside and stray aspects of the related literature are spotlighted and a list of prospective issues for future research directions is recommended.
Wheeled Mobile Robot Trajectory Planning Using Evolutionary Techniques
Authors:   E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Ramabalan S. , Sathiya V. ,   E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Chinnadurai M. ,   E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College
Published: May 2021

This paper proposes two multi-objective trajectory planning optimization algorithms namely Multi-Objective Differential Evolution (MODE) and Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). They are applied for a differential drive wheels mobile robot (WMR). A cubic NURBS curve is used to constitute the mobile robot’s path. The objective functions considered are travel time, traveled length, and actuators' efforts. All objective functions are to be minimized. The constraints considered are the mobile robot’s kinematic limits, obstacle avoidance, and dynamic limits. Two Stationary and five moving obstacles are present around the robot. Experimental and numerical simulation results are examined and compared.
A Review on Development of Soft Gripper Using 4D Printing
Authors:   Harcourt Butler Technical University, Singh Ashutosh , Butola Ravi , Bhaskar Jitendra ,   Delhi Technological University
Published: May 2021

Improvements in soft robotics, materials, and flexible gripper technology made it possible for the soft grippers to advance rapidly. A brief analysis of soft robotic grippers featuring various material collections, physical rules, and system architectures is provided here. Soft gripping is divided into three technologies, enabling gripping with: a) actuation, b) material used, and c) Use of 3D printing in fabricating grippers. An informative analysis is provided of every form. Similar to stiff grippers, flexible and elastic end-effectors may also grab or control a broader variety of objects. The inherent versatility of the materials is increasingly being used to study advanced materials and soft structures, particularly silicone elastomers, shape-memory materials, active polymers, and gels, in the development of compact, simple, and more versatile grippers. For future work, enhanced structures, techniques, and senses play a prominent part.
Tribological Study of HVOF Sprayed Tungsten Carbide Coated Stainless Steel
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Kumar Alok , Singh R.C. , Singari Ranganath
Published: May 2021

Corrosion and Wear, or a combination of both, are the main causes of degradation of metals used in the various industrial sectors. Degradation of the metals can be slowed down by adding a layer of resistant coating on the metal surface. This coating separates the base metal from a corrosive environment, reduces wear, and improves the appearance of the metal. The workpiece after coating becomes a composite that has properties far better than the substrate alone. There are various coating techniques, HVOF is one of the most important and widely used processes to protect the metals from wear, corrosion by providing hard and dense coatings. WC coating done by the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray method is the widely used method for providing a layer of corrosive resistance to a wide range of materials that are used in many different industries. In this study, Tungsten carbide (WC-12CO) Coating, HVOF Spray method was studied in great detail. Tungsten Carbide coating was done on a SUS400 Stainless steel substrate using HVOF Spray Process. An, Experiment was done to analyze the various effect of different parameters namely, oxygen rate, propane (fuel) rate, powder rate, spray distance on hardness, and surface roughness of a SUS 400 Stainless Steel substrate. Process optimization was done by using Taguchi and ANOVA methods. It was found that achieving maximum hardness was greatly dependent on propane (fuel) rate followed by powder rate, spray distance, and oxygen rate. The hardness decreases with the increasing fuel rate. And, achieving minimum surface roughness was greatly dependent on spray distance followed by oxygen rate, propane (fuel) rate, powder rate. Surface Roughness increases with increasing spray distance.
Reducing Cycle Time of Machining a Manifold on a CNC Machine
Authors:   Delhi Technological University,, Aggarwal Rahul , Soni Mehul , Singh Pranjal , Madan A K
Published: May 2021

This report focuses on the different methods to improve productivity at the management level, at the machine shop, and of machining methods. The various parameters affecting machining productivity i.e., cycle time, set-up time, idle time, operator skill level, etc. including how CNC machining helps in optimizing these parameters are discussed and analyzed in this paper. The effect of different cutting parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, the effect of coolant, etc. is also examined. Various methods of machining for different processes which help to improve the productivity of the process are explored. A case study on machining of an aluminum manifold is done in which the existing process for machining is analyzed and various experiments are performed in order to find out the optimum cutting parameters and minimizing the cycle time of production of the manifold. The result helps to reduce the cycle time by a significant amount thereby reducing the total cost of production and increasing the production rate of the component with negligible capital investment.
Blockchain Technology: A literature review
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Kumar Rakesh , Mishra R.S. , Kumar Dharmanshu , . Sunil , Mehta Udit
Published: May 2021

In the way of digitization, Blockchain Technology is regarded by many researchers and innovators as one of the most significant disruptive technology that “will revolutionize business and redefine companies and economies. This paper is based on the growing present anticipation that blockchain technology will have a profound impact on many sectors of the industry including, for instance, financial services, supply chain management, manufacturing, healthcare, fashion, and entertainment. Extensive literature is explored of peer-reviewed journals focusing about its working, in other than above area like smart contracts, pass, adaptation in various countries, its acceptance by peoples and about their potential uses, with their challenging impact in society and technology.
Design and Analysis of Lightweight Fire Extinguishers using Alternately Available Metals
Authors:   Delhi Technological University, Bhattacharjee Sourajit , Singh Shivam , Sharma Shubham , Chaudhary Sumit , Singh R.C.
Published: May 2021

This research aims to optimize the weight of already existing fire extinguishers containing Carbon Dioxide as per BIS standards IS 2190: 2010 and IS 7285-1: 2004. In the paper, an optimized and new design is proposed to minimize the weight of the pressure vessel making it easier to store in smaller compartments and also allowing faster hand-held use during an emergency. The weight has been reduced substantially by using proposed materials and FEA simulations were performed on the model to check for failures under the set test conditions with the aim to minimize the volume of metal used that is able to withstand the hydrostatic load of pressure gas. ANSYS Mechanical 18.2 was used for performing 3d pressure analysis while the model was designed on Solidworks 2016. A Multi Frontal Direct Solver was preferred to reach the solutions in every case. The analysis results of all the materials were compared and finally, a material was selected that was tough enough to clear the safety standards and extremely light so that even old people could use it without any issues. A simple shell of Titanium Grade-5 Alloy was found to be the proper and optimal choice to obtain good mechanical properties and lightweight.
Farklı Yanlılık Parametreleri İçin Ridge GM Tahmin Edicilerinin Performanslarının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: IŞILAR Melike , BULUT Y. Murat
Published: May 2021

Çoklu lineer regresyon modelinde yaygın olarak karşılaşılan problemler çoklu iç ilişki ve aykırı değer problemleridir. Bu iki problemin eş anlı çözümleri için literatürde sağlam yanlı tahmin ediciler üzerine pek çok çalışma mevcuttur. Bu tahmin edicilerden en yaygın kullanılanları sağlam Ridge tahmin edicileridir. Yanlılık parametresine bağlı olan Ridge tahmin edicisine ilişkin günümüzde de pek çok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda yanlılık parametresinin performansı klasik Ridge tahmin edicisinde incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmada her iki değişkende de aykırı değer olması ve çoklu iç ilişki probleminin ortak çözümü için önerilmiş olan Ridge GM tahmin edicisinde literatürde daha önce önerilmiş olan yanlılık parametrelerinin performansları simülasyon çalışması ve gerçek veri örneği üzerinde incelenmiştir.
ИККИ АКЦИОНАЛ ХУСУСИЯТЛИ АЙРИМ ЮРИШ-ҲАРАКАТ ФЕЪЛЛАРИНИНГ АСПЕКТУАЛ ВАЗИЯТЛАРДА ҚЎЛЛАНИШИ ВА УЛАРНИНГ МАЪНОЛАРИ
Authors: MUMINOVA Aziza
Published: May 2021

Мақолада немис тилидаги лимитатив нейтрал хусусиятли айрим юриш-ҳаракат феълларининг аспектуал вазиятларда ифодалайдиган маънолари ёритилган. Муаллиф мазкур феълларнинг ўзбек тилида берилиш шаклларини ҳамда улардаги ўхшаш ва фарқли жиҳатларни ўзбек ва немис тиллари мисолида қиёсий планда ўрганган. Шунингдек, мақолада лимитатив нейтрал хусусиятли юриш-ҳаракат феъллари иштирокидаги аспектуал вазиятларни ҳосил бўлишида иштирок этувчи конкретизаторлар ва уларнинг таъсири турли мисоллар орқали таҳлил қилинган. Немис тилидаги лимитатив нейтрал хусусиятли юриш-ҳаракат феъллари контекстда турли (терминатив, процессуал, итератив, терминатив + процессуал, инхоатив) аспектуал вазиятларда қатнашса, ўзбек тилидаги шундай хусусиятли юриш-ҳаракат феъллари иштирокидаги аспектуал вазиятлар ўзаро фарқланиши мумкин. Масаланинг мазкур жиҳатлари иккала тилга оид мисоллар орқали ёритилган
Quantum Speedup for Index Modulation
Authors: Ishikawa Naoki
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a quantum-assisted index modulation for next-generation IoT wireless networks. The NP-hard index selection problem is first formulated by a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem consisting of constraints of feasible solutions. To minimize the number of qubits required for a quantum circuit, this formulation is then simplified by a dictionary-based approach that partially exploits a classical computer. For both formulations, the numbers of required qubits and non-zero elements in QUBO matrices are analyzed algebraically, and found to be in close agreement with the actual measurement. It is observed that the Grover adaptive search can provide the quantum speedup for the index selection problem. This promising result implies that the on-off structure of index modulation is suitable for quantum computation, and future fault-tolerant quantum computers may be useful for obtaining high-performance index activation patterns.

(c) IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

Naoki Ishikawa, "Quantum speedup for index modulation," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 111114-111124, Aug. 2021.

DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3103207
In vitro activity of human recombinant alpha-2b interferon against SARS-CoV-2 virus
Authors: Loginova S. Ya. , Shсhukina V. N. , Savenko S. V. , Borisevich S. V.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. The pandemic spread of a new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, has caused a global emergency and attracted the attention of public health professionals and the population of all countries. A significant increase in the number of new cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection demonstrates the urgency of finding drugs effective against this pathogen.The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antiviral efficacy of human recombinant alpha-2b interferon (IFN-α2b) against SARS-CoV-2 virus.Material and methods. The experiments had been carried out on Vero Cl008, the continuous line of African green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) kidney cells. The effectiveness of the drugs was assessed by the suppression of viral reproduction in vitro. The biological activity was determined using titration of a virus-containing suspension in a Vero Cl008 cell culture by the formation of negative colonies.Results. The antiviral efficacy of the IFN-α2b-based medications, which have a high safety profile and proven efficacy in the prevention and treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), has been studied against the new pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus in vitro experiments in Vero C1008 cell culture. IFN-α2b effectively inhibits the reproduction of the virus when applied both 24 hrs before and 2 hrs after infection. In the IFN-α2b concentration range 102–106 IU/ml a complete suppression of the reproduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus had been demonstrated.Discussion. IFN-α2b demonstrated in vitro high antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the substance has a high chemotherapeutic index (1000).Conclusion. Medications for intranasal use based on IFN-α2b have high antiviral activity and are promising drugs for in vivo study in terms of prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Bats of the subtropical climate zone of the Krasnodar Territory of Russia as a possible reservoir of zoonotic viral infections
Authors: Lenshin S. V. , Romashin A. V. , Vyshemirsky O. I. , Lvov D. K. , Alkhovsky S. V.
Published: May 2021

Emerging and reemerging infections pose a grave global health threat. The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic have demonstrated the importance of studying of zoonotic viruses directly in natural foci. For SARS-like coronaviruses, as well as for many other zoonotic pathogens (including hemorrhagic fevers and rabies agents), the main reservoir are horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.), which are widely distributed in Eurasia and Africa. Their range also covers the southern regions of Russia, including the North Caucasus and Crimea. Large colonies of these animals are located on the territory of Sochi National Park (SNP; subtropical zone of Krasnodar Territory, Greater Sochi region, North Caucasus). In total, according to long-term observations, up to 23 species of bats were registered here, including the great (Rh. ferrumequinum), the lesser (Rh. hipposideros), and the Mediterranean (Rh. euryale) horseshoe bats.This review provides information on zoonotic viruses associated with species of bats distributed in the subtropical zone of Krasnodar Territory of Russia, and analyzes their possible role as a natural reservoir of emerging and reemerging infections. Studying the circulation of zoonotic viruses in bats is an important element of monitoring viral populations in natural foci.
Interferonogenic activity of the strain BH-3 duck hepatitis virus type I (Picornaviridae: Avihepatovirus: Avihepatovirus A)
Authors: Nikitina N. V. , Leonov I. K. , Yavdoshak L. I.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Duck viral hepatitis type I (DVH-I) is a poorly studied contagious disease caused by RNA-containing duck (Anatinae) hepatitis virus type I (Picornaviridae: Avihepatovirus: Avihepatovirus A). This infection is widespread in many countries, including Russia, and causes significant damage to industrial duck breeding. The study of interferonogenic activity of its etiologic agent strains is of great importance in solving the problem of developing effective means to control the disease.Material and methods. Strain BH-3 of duck hepatitis virus type I isolated from the liver of sick ducklings was used in the study. The strain was adapted to developing 10–12 day old duck embryos, to the cell culture of chicken and duck fibroblasts and deposited in the State Collection of Viruses of the D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Experiments were performed using the standard tissue culture method.Results and discussion. Data on the ability of the viral strain BH-3 to induce interferon (IFN) and its sensitivity to the action of exogenous interferon in the culture of duck fibroblasts are presented. It has been shown that the interferonogenic activity of this strain of the hepatitis virus is in direct proportion to the multiplicity of infection. The maximum induction of IFN (1 : 256 CEPD50) was observed at a dose of 1.0 TCD50/cell in 72–96 hrs after inoculation of the cell culture. Exogenous IFN at a dose of 1 : 128 completely suppressed the cytopathic effect and death of duck embryos infected with hepatitis virus at a dose of 100 TCD50/cell.Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to state that the vaccine strain BH-3 of duck hepatitis virus type I has a pronounced interferonogenic activity and sensitivity to the action of exogenous IFN. This may have implications for the development of effective therapeutic agents against DVH-I.