bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Dukungan Kader dalam Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jelbuk dan Klatakan, Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Septianingtyas Widya Rizki , Soesetijo FX. Ady , Widi E. Y Ristya
Published: December 2020

Immunization is an attempt to actively generate or enhance a person's immunity to a disease, so that when exposed to the disease will not experience pain or only mild illness. Immunization program for baby aims to make every baby get immunization basic complete. The successfull of baby in obtaining basic immunization can be measured by complete basic immunization indicator (IDL). Basic immunization status on the children can be influenced by several factors associated with people behavior. Cadre's support is one of the important factors in immunization activities so that Posyandu activities can work as on schedule. Jelbuk and Klatakan public health center have complete basic immunization coverage lowest in Jember district in 2015 and 2016 years. The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of cadre’s support in the complete basic immunization. This research used analytic observational with cross Sectional analysis design. The location of this research was in the working area Jelbuk and Klatakan public health center on August – September 2017. The data was collected from 100 mothers who has children aged 12-23 months. Sampling method was using cluster random sampling. The results of this research by the logistic regression test showed that cadre support has an influence on complete basic immunization with p-value= 0,013. Therefore, its recommended for cadres to improve public education about complete basic immunization so that complete basic immunization coverage may increase.
 Keywords : Cadre’s Support, Complete Basic Immunization
Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Stres Kerja terhadap Pencegahan Kecelakaan Kerja pada Pekerja Giling dan Ketel di PG Rejo Agung Baru Madiun
Authors: Bagus Prahartiko Caesar Kridha , Soesetijo FX Ady , Endah Yani Ristya Widi
Published: December 2020

workers in sugar mills are prone to accident in their workplace. This research aims at disclosing the effect of knowledge level and work stress on prevention of work accident in Milled and Kettle Workers. It is a qualitative research employing analytic observation method using cross sectional design. The sample, including 115 workers in Milling and Kettle Section in PG Rejo Agung Baru Madiun, were selected by using total sampling. Regression Test by SPSS 22 was applied to analyze the data. Findings demonstrate the sig value of knowledge level indicating 0.889 and sig value of stress level of 0.027. It reveals that there is no effect from workers’ knowledge level, in contrast, work stress affect the prevention of work place accident. Therefore, more stimulation on knowledge level and support for workers are prominent to minimize their work stress.Keywords:  Knowledge level, sugar mill, work accident, work stress
Identifikasi Kontaminasi Aflatoksin pada Rempah-Rempah yang Dijual di Sentra Pasar di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Fitriana Rina , Soesetijo FX. Ady , Sulistyaningsih Erma
Published: December 2020

Aflatoxin is a secondary metabolite of the fungus Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, the toxin is able to cause health problems in humans and animals that suffer sympthom of aflatoxin called mycotoxicosis. Both types of fungus can survive at optimally temperature of 36-38oC and moisture above 85%. Aspergillus species may contaminated some foods such as wheat, rice, corn, beans, chilies, and spices. Aflatoxin have six types, namely Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2. AFB1 is the most toxic among the six types of aflatoxin, it’s induce cancer by affecting Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) genetic code. The aim of this research was to analyze the types and levels of aflatoxin especially spices that provided in the traditional market and supermarkets in Jember area. This research design is experimental analytic. The population is spices that belong in all of traditional markets and supermarkets in Jember area. The sample is certain spices (onion, turmeric, pepper) in the 3 traditional markets and 3 supermarkets selected by purposive sampling techniques. This research was done at Central Laboratory Agro Industry Bogor on July – September 2019. The variable of this research is aflatoxin contamination inside of spices. Aflatoxin analytic performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instruments. The results of this research showed that found some of samples that has been analyzed, the samples of pepper (C4) was taken in Supermarket ‘X’ has the highest contaminated aflatoxin B1 was 45,35 ppb and aflatoxin G1 was 50,74 ppb. Therefore, its recommended for Supermarket is to increased monitoring of temperature and humidity, especially at the storage of spices.Keyword: Aflatoxin, Fungus, Traditional Market, Spices, Supermarket
Kistermelői sikerek a COVID-19 járvány első hullámában: a személyesség szerepe az értékesítésben
Authors: Benedek Zsófia , Balogh Pál Géza , Baráth Lajos , Fertő Imre , Lajos Veronika , Orbán Éva , Szabó G. Gábor , Nemes Gusztáv
Published: December 2020

A tanulmány a koronavírus-járvány első hullámának hatását vizsgálja a magyar kistermelők értékesítéseire és marketingcsatorna-használatára. A szerzők a kapcsolatok jellege alapján az értékesítési csatornákat három típusba sorolják. A kijárási korlátozás alatt főleg a személytelen (online) csatornák működtek, vagy épp ellenkezőleg, a nagyon személyesek, amelyek keretében a kistermelők és a fogyasztók találkozására egyikük privát életterében (többnyire otthonában) került sor. Egy 136 kistermelővel végzett kérdőíves felmérés eredményei szerint a kistermelők 60 százaléka könyvelhetett el gazdasági veszteséget, míg 10 százalékuk növelte az eladásait. A sikeres kistermelők jellemzően a friss gyümölcs- és zöldségágazatban tevékenykedtek, értékesítési stratégiájukat gyorsan átalakították, és nyitottak voltak az online tér nyújtotta lehetőségekre. Több értékesítési csatorna párhuzamos használata, valamint a vásárlókkal kialakított kapcsolatok ápolása a járvány kitörése előtt növelte az eredményesség későbbi esélyét.
Endoscope-assisted transcranial surgery for anterior skull base meningiomas
Authors: Azab Waleed A. , Elmaghraby Mohamed A. , Zaidan Salem N. , Mostafa Kamal H.
Published: December 2020

Anterior skull base meningiomas are benign, dural-based tumors that originate from the tuberculum sellae, planum sphenoidale or olfactory groove. A multitude of traditional transcranial approaches have been effectively used for resection of these tumors. However, in the era of minimally invasive neurosurgery, the endoscopic endonasal and the endoscope-assisted or endoscope-controlled supraorbital keyhole eyebrow approaches stand out as the two main options utilized to resect these tumors. The supraorbital keyhole approach minimizes brain retraction, tissue dissection and length of the skin incision. Consequently, this approach is associated with a lower complication profile and much better cosmetic results in comparison to classic approaches. With endoscopic assistance or control, the approach provides an excellent view of anterior skull base meningiomas and enables optic nerve decompression when angled scopes are used. In our opinion, endoscopes will ultimately replace the surgical microscopes as the viewing tools in this type of surgery. A limited number of studies have directly compared the endoscopic endonasal approach versus the supraorbital keyhole one for resection of anterior cranial base meningiomas. In these studies, scores and algorithms have been suggested to help select the suitable approach. The practical value of these algorithms still needs to be validated by further research. Although the endoscope-assisted or -controlled supraorbital keyhole approach offers a minimally invasive and highly effective approach for excision of anterior cranial base meningiomas, the ideal approach should be tailored to the individual patient according to the tumor size, lateral extension, optic canal involvement, extent of vascular encasement and surgeon’s experience.
Globalno zdravlje i interes države
Authors: Popović Petar
Published: December 2020

Pandemija koronavirusa posljednja je u nizu svjetskih kriza koja upućuje ‎na domete i ograničenja teorija međunarodnih odnosa, poglavito suvremenog ‎realizma. Konvencionalni analitički okvir koji međunarodne političke odnose svodi‎ na dvije razine, nacionalnu i međunarodnu, čini se nedostatnim u razmatranju ‎globalnog upravljanja zdravljem. Ovaj rad namjerava, iz perspektive teorija globalizacije,‎ ukazati na kompleksan karakter i logiku globalnoga prostornog poretka na ‎području zdravlja. Implikacije za državu i njezin interes ogledaju se u dramatičnoj‎ proliferaciji različitih privatnih aktera, od farmaceutske industrije do korporativnih i ‎filantropskih inicijativa. Njihovom se ekspanzijom poglavito zapadne gospodarske i ‎vojne sile pozicioniraju na prostoru moći u globalnom upravljanju. No tržišna logika ‎i difuzna moć globalnog zdravlja generiraju ekstremne zdravstvene neravnoteže‎ među razvijenima i nerazvijenim društvima, jakima i slabim državama. Globalan nerazmjer,‎ odnosno katastrofalni sanitarni uvjeti u Trećem svijetu uzroci su potencijalnih‎ izbijanja pandemija koja ugrožavaju globalni poredak. Ključno je stoga pitanje‎ što je uopće strateški interes države u epohi globalnog zdravlja.‎
Komparativne studije Bliskoga istoka u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Zgurić Borna
Published: December 2020

Na temelju kvantitativne analize sadržaja znanstvenih i stručnih časopisa,‎ objavljenih poglavito na portalu znanstvenih časopisa Republike Hrvatske (Hrčak),‎ autor daje uvid u granu regionalne komparativne politike koja se bavi proučavanjem‎ Bliskoga istoka. Utvrdio je kako je objavljeno 75 znanstvenih i stručnih članaka‎ o toj regiji, među kojima je samo 11 članaka o zemljama Sjeverne Afrike. To pokazuje‎ da je ta podregija Bliskoga istoka u hrvatskoj znanstvenoj i stručnoj literaturi‎ vrlo podzastupljena. Nadalje, od 75 članaka, čak su 25 stručni radovi. Najveći broj‎ znanstvenih članaka o Bliskom istoku (13) objavljen je u časopisu Politička misao,‎ dok je u drugima znanstvenim časopisima kojima je izdavač ili suizdavač Fakultet‎ političkih znanosti objavljeno samo pet radova. Naposljetku, kvalitativna analiza‎ članaka u četiri časopisa kojima je izdavač ili suizdavač Fakultet političkih znanosti‎ pokazala je da su komparativne regionalne studije znatno zastupljenije od tradicionalnih‎ regionalnih studija.‎
Factors Predicting the Physical Activity Behavior based on Theory of Reasoned Action among Chronic Low Back Pain of the Patients Referring to Comprehensive Health Service Centers in the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Delshad Mohammad Hossein , Hidarnia Alireza , Pourhaji Fatemeh
Published: December 2020

Background: Low-level physical activity (PA) among Chronic Low Back Pain (cLBP) is associated with various biopsychosocial factors. This research aimed to study the predictors of PA behavior among cLBP patients. Methods: In the present study 300 eligible patients with cLBP who referred to comprehensive health service centers in the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUMS) in Tehran, Iran were random selected.To diagnose the predictors of PA behavior, all the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) constructs were examined as risk factors to see if they influence on the probability of PA behavior occurrence and were interpreted through odds ratio (OR). SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data. Results: Totally 280 cLBP patients with mean age of 57.07 ±13.09 years old participated in the study. This study showed that motivation to comply significant predictor the cLBP patients for subjective norm OR (%95CI): 2.095(0.116-2.792), p-value<0.001), intention was significant predictor for perform the PA behavior OR (%95CI): 1.431(0.138-1.538), p-value <0.001), behavior beliefs could predictor for attitude OR (%95CI): 1.276(0.106-1.355), p-value= 0.002). attitude, normative beliefs, subjective norm ,and evaluation outcome behavior could predictors the cLBP patients for intention to perform the PA behavior OR (%95CI): 1.188(0.032-1.312), p-value<0.001)., OR (%95CI): 1.158(0.076-2.208), p-value=0.003) ., OR (%95CI): 1.104(0.076-1.128), p-value<0.001) ., OR (%95CI): 0.814(0.301-1.440), p-value=0.007). Conclusions: This study showed that the cLBP patients who were normative beliefs and evaluation regarding PA behavior could effect on the intention to engage in greater PA than those via other constructs (attitude and subjective norm). This study showed that the cLBP patients who were normative beliefs and evaluation regarding PA behavior could effect on the intention to engage in greater PA than those via other constructs (attitude and subjective norm). This study showed that the cLBP patients who were normative beliefs and evaluation regarding PA behavior could effect on the intention to engage in greater PA than those via other constructs (attitude and subjective norm).
Designing a National Veterinary Prescribing Champion Programme for Welsh Veterinary Practices: The Arwain Vet Cymru Project
Authors: Rees Gwen M. , Bard Alison , Reyher Kristen K.
Published: December 2020

Antimicrobial use in agriculture has been identified as an area of focus for reducing overall antimicrobial use and improving stewardship. In this paper, we outline the design of a complex antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) intervention aimed at developing a national Veterinary Prescribing Champion programme for Welsh farm animal veterinary practices. We describe the process by which participants were encouraged to design and deliver bespoke individualised AMS activities at practice level by forging participant ‘champion’ identities and Communities of Practice through participatory and educational online activities. We describe the key phases identified as important when designing this complex intervention, namely (i) involving key collaborators in government and industry to stimulate project engagement; (ii) grounding the design in the literature, the results of stakeholder engagement, expert panel input and veterinary clinician feedback to promote contextual relevance and appropriateness; and (iii) taking a theoretical approach to implementing intervention design to foster critical psychological needs for participant motivation and scheme involvement. With recruitment of over 80% of all farm animal practices in Wales to the programme, we also describe demographic data of the participating Welsh Veterinary Prescribing Champions in order to inform recruitment and design of future AMS programmes.
Development and Validation of Method for Determining Quercetin 3-Glucuronide and Ellagic Acid Content of Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) by HPLC-UVD
Authors: Kim Tae Heon , Shin Hyun Young , Park Soon Yeong , Kim Hoon , Chung Dae Kyun
Published: December 2020

Toward the standardization of O. biennis sprout extract (OBS-E), we aimed to obtain indicator compounds, using a validated method. HPLC-UVD allowed simultaneous quantification of indicator compounds quercetin 3-glucuronide and ellagic acid. The method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and limit of detection/limit of quantification (LOD/LOQ). High specificity and linearity was demonstrated, with correlation coefficients of 1.0000 for quercetin 3-glucuronide and 0.9998 for ellagic acid. The LOD/LOQ values were 0.486/1.472 μg/mL for quercetin 3-glucuronide and 1.003/3.039 μg/mL for ellagic acid. Intra-day and inter-day variability tests produced relative standard deviation for each compound of <2%, a generally accepted precision criterion. High recovery rate were also obtained, indicating accuracy validation. The OBS-E prepared using various concentrations of ethanol were then analyzed. The 50% ethanol extract had highest content of quercetin 3-glucuronide, whereas the 70% ethanol extract possessed the lowest. However, the ellagic acid content was highest in the 70% ethanol extract and lowest in the 90% ethanol extract. Thus, quercetin 3-glucuronide and ellagic acid can be used industrially as indicator compounds for O. biennis sprout products, and our validated method can be used to establish indicator compounds for other natural products.
Elephants, Mobility and Captivity: What Can These Mighty and Majestic Animals Teach Us About Joint Health and Osteoarthritis?
Authors: Mobasheri Ali , Buckley Carol
Published: December 2020

The African bush and forest elephants, Loxodonta Africana and Loxodonta cyclotis, and the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus, are the largest land-dwelling animals. Elephants need to be highly mobile and active in order to find fresh food and water, and in the case of males, to locate females in estrus for breeding. Asian elephants walk up to 13 miles each day and African elephants can walk up to 28 km per day. This high level of mobility in the wild is also important for maintaining an optimum musculoskeletal health. However, their captive counterparts live in restricted spaces and cold climates that require extended periods of indoor confinement are therefore unable to be as physically active. Zoo enclosures for elephants are relatively small with hard surfaces (i.e. concrete, tarmac and hard packed dirt), so they cannot exercise and are forced to stand on unnaturally hard surfaces continually. Physical inactivity in captivity makes them more prone to gaining weight and developing bone and joint diseases such as osteomyelitis, joint ankylosis and osteoarthritis (OA). Up to 50% of deaths in captive elephants are caused by the lack of mobility. This perspective article focuses on the link between captivity, mobility, physical inactivity and the development of OA in captive elephants.
A Bayesian Nonparametric Learning Approach to Ensemble Models Using the Proper Bayesian Bootstrap
Authors: Galvani Marta , Bardelli Chiara , Figini Silvia , Muliere Pietro
Published: December 2020

Bootstrap resampling techinques, introduced by Efron and Rubin, can be presented in a general Bayesian framework, approximating the statistical distribution of a statistical functional φ(F), where F is a random distribution function. Efron’s and Rubin’s bootstrap procedures can be extended introducing an informative prior through the Proper Bayesian bootstrap. In this paper different bootstrap techniques are used and compared in predictive classification and regression models based on ensemble approaches, i.e. bagging models involving decision trees. Proper Bayesian bootstrap, proposed by Muliere and Secchi, is used to sample the posterior distribution over trees, introducing prior distributions on the covariates and the target variable. The results obtained are compared with respect to other competitive procedures employing different bootstrap techniques. The empirical analysis reports the results obtained on simulated and real data.
The Deficit of Multimodal Perception of Congruent and Non-congruent Fearful Expressions in Patients with Schizophrenia: The ERP Study
Authors: Portnova Galina V , Maslennikova Aleksandra , Zakharova Natalia , Martynova Olga V
Published: December 2020

Emotional dysfunction, including flat affect and emotional perception deficits, is a specific symptom of schizophrenia disorder. We used a modified multimodal odd-ball paradigm with fearful facial expressions accompanied by congruent and non-congruent sounds to investigate the impairment of emotional perception and reaction to other people's emotions. We analyzed subjective assessments and ERP data for emotionally charging congruent and non-congruent stimuli in patients with schizophrenia and healthy peers. The results showed the deficit of multimodal perception of fearful stimuli in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. The amplitude of N50 was significantly higher in subjects of the control group for non-congruent stimuli than congruent and did not differ in patients with schizophrenia. The dynamics of P100 and N200 components confirmed the impaired sensory gating in patients with schizophrenia. The lower amplitude of P3a could be associated with deficits in verbal memory and attention, less emotional arousal, or incorrect interpretation of emotional valence as specific features of patients. The difficulties in identifying the incoherence of facial and audial components of emotional expression could be significant in understanding the psychopathology of schizophrenia.
High-Frequency Modeling and Filter Design for PWM Drives with Long Cables
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Yifan , Ali Muhammad Saqib , Chen Guozhu , Guerrero Josep M. , Vasquez Juan C.
Published: December 2020

Aiming for the problems emerging in the PWM drive system with long cables, accurate modeling of power cables is the premise to predict and analyze the relevant phenomenon, and a proper filter design is the key solution to these problems. This paper proposes high-frequency cable models to represent the frequency-dependent characteristics, especially for the high-frequency resistance of the cable that is an easily overlooked factor but determines the damping of overvoltage. The proposed models can be used for accurately representing the cable parameters in a wide frequency range, and correctly simulating the differential mode (DM) overvoltage and common mode (CM) current, including the peak value, oscillation frequency and damping of the transient waveform. In addition, improved filter networks are proposed to suppress the DM voltage and CM current, with the merit of low losses, small volume and an excellent ability of suppressing overvoltage. The proposed cable models and the filter design have been validated in a 750W PWM drive system with 200m power cables.
The Ages of Zone of Proximal Development for Retrospective Time Assessment and Anticipation of Time Event
Authors: Portnova Galina , Rebreikina Anna , Martynova Olga
Published: December 2020

We aimed to investigate the ability of children aged 5–14 years old (preschoolers, primary schoolers, and preteens) to assess and anticipate time intervals. 287 Russian children aged 5–14 years old and 26 adults of control group participated in our study. The neuropsychological assessment, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and a battery of time-related tests were applied. All groups of children overestimated the event’s duration, although the accuracy of the second estimations increased among the participants aged 6–8 years after a prompt was offered. A zone of proximal development for time anticipation task was detected for children aged 9-11 years, when the prompt could significantly improve the accuracy of time perception. The participants overestimated the duration of both upcoming and past events, with the degree of overestimation being found to be negatively correlated with age. Further, a higher degree of accuracy in terms of time estimation was found to be correlated with higher scores on the attention and memory tests, and accuracy of time anticipation was associated with scores of praxis test.
Mark the correct answer? To whom? Deconstructing reading comprehension
Authors: Boa Sorte Paulo
Published: December 2020

In this essay, I argue that teaching reading comprehension can be based on the read oneself reading’s view, which consists of reading a text at the same time that we read ourselves. In other words, we need to be aware, at all times, of the way we read texts and make meaning by taking responsibility for our own interpretations because both the writer and the reader are text producers. First, I begin by giving an example of how traditional ideals of reading do not include the plurality of ideas. I then explain how teaching through critical literacy can be used to reflect upon the identities of students, teachers and school community members in a classroom of English for speakers of other languages. I conclude by reaffirming the consequences of homogenizing readings and interpretations in addition to reflecting upon possible formative paths to the post-truth times we live in.
Efektivitas Model Problem Posing Tipe Pre-Solution Posing terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematik Siswa
Authors: Mayasari Devi , Himmah Wulan Izzatul
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the problem-posing type pre-solution posing model against students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. This type of research is an experimental study with a pre-test post-test control group design. The population in this study was 256 students grade VII one of Junior High School in Salatiga in the academic year 2018/2019 divided into 8 classes. Through the cluster random sampling technique, the VIIE class students were selected as the experimental class and the VIIH class students as the control class. The technique of collecting data on mathematical problem-solving ability through pre-test and post-test. The data analysis technique used the independent sample t-test on the N-Gain score. The results showed that the application of the problem-posing type pre-solution posing more effective against students' mathematical problem-solving abilities compared to students who received conventional learning.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas model problem posing tipe pre-solution posing terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik siswa. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan pretest-postest control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 256 siswa kelas VII salah satu SMP di Kota Salatiga Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 yang terbagi dalam 8 kelas. Melalui teknik cluster random sampling, terpilih siswa kelas VIIE sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas VIIH sebagai kelas kontrol.  Teknik Pengambilan data kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik melalui pretest dan posttest. Teknik analisis data menggunakan independent sample t-test pada N-Gain score. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model problem posing tipe pre-solution posing lebih efektif terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik siswa dibandingkan siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran secara konvensional.
The Impact of Preoperative Mental Health and Depression on Outcomes After Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Cunningham Daniel J. , Steele John R. , Allen Nicholas B. , Nunley James A. , Adams Samuel B.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Preoperative mental health and depression have been shown to negatively impact patient-reported outcome measures after a broad array of orthopaedic procedures including total ankle arthroplasty. The hypothesis for this study was that decreased Short Form (SF)-36 Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores will modulate the impact of depression on patient-reported outcome measures after total ankle arthroplasty.

Methods:

All patients undergoing primary total ankle arthroplasty between January 2007 and December 2016 who were enrolled into a prospective outcomes study and who had at least 1-year minimum study follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were separated into 4 groups based on the presence or absence of an SF-36 MCS score of <35 points and diagnosis of depression. SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and MCS scores, Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) function and bother components, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain were collected preoperatively and in the 1 to 2-year follow-up. The Wilcoxon rank sum was used to assess differences in outcomes by depression and low preoperative MCS scores. Multivariable models were then constructed to evaluate between-group differences in change scores according to preoperative SF-36 MCS scores and a diagnosis of depression, with adjustment for baseline patient and treatment characteristics.

Results:

Patients with depression and those with low preoperative MCS scores had significantly worse final outcome scores along with reduced improvement in SF-36 PCS and VAS pain scores compared with patients without these risk factors. Among patients with depression, low preoperative MCS scores helped to differentiate patients with poor final outcome scores. Similarly, in patients with low preoperative MCS scores, depression helped to differentiate patients with poor final outcome scores.

Conclusions:

Although patients achieved significant improvements in functional outcomes regardless of cohort, decreased preoperative mental health modulated the impact of depression on outcomes. Patients with diminished preoperative mental health and depression are at an increased risk for sustaining smaller improvements in outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Exchange of Modular Components Improves Success of Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention
Authors: Svensson Karin , Rolfson Ola , Nauclér Emma , Lazarinis Stergios , Sköldenberg Olof , Schilcher Jörg , Johanson Per-Erik , Mohaddes Maziar , Kärrholm Johan
Published: December 2020

Background:

Debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) is a surgical treatment for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). DAIR is a desirable treatment option from an economic and patient perspective, if successful. The aim of this observational study was to compare the rates of success, defined as no additional reoperations due to PJI, between DAIR with exchange of modular components and DAIR without exchange in patients who had first-time PJI after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods:

Patients with PJI at the site of a primary THA who were treated with DAIR in Sweden between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2016, were identified in the Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register. Supplementary questionnaires were sent to orthopaedic departments for additional variables of interest related to PJI. The primary end point was another reoperation due to PJI within 2 years after the first-time DAIR. DAIR with exchange was compared with DAIR without exchange using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis.

Results:

A total of 575 patients treated with DAIR for a first-time PJI at the site of a primary THA were analyzed; 364 underwent component exchange and 211 did not. The exchange of components was associated with a lower rate of reoperations due to PJI after DAIR (28.0%) compared with non-exchange (44.1%). The Kaplan-Meier implant survival estimate for exchange was 71.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 66.9% to 76.3%) compared with 55.5% (95% CI = 49.1% to 62.7%) for non-exchange. With the analysis adjusted for confounders, DAIR with exchange was associated with a significantly decreased risk of another reoperation due to PJI compared with non-exchange (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51 [95% CI = 0.38 to 0.68]).

Conclusions:

In patients with a first-time PJI at the site of a primary THA, DAIR with exchange of modular components was superior to non-exchange DAIR. Surgeons should strive to exchange components when they perform DAIR, but there is a need to further identify how DAIR best should be practiced and which patients benefit from it.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Implementasi Kegiatan Bermain Outdoor Dalam Mengembangkan Motorik Kasar Di Tk Pkk Banjarjo Pudak Ponorogo
Authors: Ririn Ririn , Hijriyani Yuli Salis
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Physical-motor development is physical development through coordinated nerve center, nerve, and muscle activities. Before the development of motor movement begins to process, then the child will remain helpless. The objectives of this study are: 1) The forms of outdoor play activities in TK PKK Banjarjo Pudak Ponorogo. 2) Implementation of outdoor play activities in developing gross motor skills in TK PKK Banjarjo Pudak Ponorogo. 3) Supporting and inhibiting factors in implementing outdoor play activities to develop gross motor skills in PKK Banjarjo Kindergarten, Pudak Ponorogo. The research approach used is qualitative research with a type of case study research. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique follows the concepts put forward by Miles and Huberman namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. From the analysis of the data it was concluded that: 1) The forms of outdoor play activities included playing outside APE such as seesaw, globe and swing, gymnastics using music, playing traditional games such as crickets, stilts and snakes, observing plants and imitating animal paths. 2) Implementation of outdoor play activities in developing gross motor skills by exercising using music every day if the yard is not wet and playing outside APE such as seesaw, globe and swing every day at rest.3) Supporting factors in implementing outdoor play activities to develop gross motor skills that is the enthusiasm of children participating in learning with enthusiasm, besides that the motivation of school principals and teacher cohesiveness to achieve common goals while the inhibiting factor in implementing outdoor play activities to develop gross motor skills is the inadequate funding and yard factors.
Cellular Lensing and Near Infrared Fluorescent Nanosensor Arrays to Enable Chemical Efflux Cytometry
Authors: Cho Soo-Yeon , Gong Xun , Koman Volodymyr , Kuehne Matthias , Moon Sun Jin , Son Manki , Lew Tedrick Thomas Salim , Gordiichuk Pavlo , Jin Xiaojia , Sikes Hadley , Strano Michael
Published: December 2020

Nanosensor have proven to be powerful tools to monitor single biological cells and organisms, achieving spatial and temporal precision even at the single molecule level. However, there has not been a way of extending this approach to statistically relevant numbers of living cells and organisms. Herein, we design and fabricate a high throughput nanosensor array in a microfluidic channel that addresses this limitation, creating a Nanosensor Chemical Cytometry (NCC). An array of nIR fluorescent single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) nanosensors is integrated along a microfluidic channel through which a population of flowing cells is guided. We show that one can utilize the flowing cell itself as highly informative Gaussian lenses projecting nIR emission profiles and extract rich information on a per cell basis at high throughput. This unique biophotonic waveguide allows for quantified cross-correlation of the biomolecular information with physical properties such as cellular diameter, refractive index (RI), and eccentricity and creates a label-free chemical cytometer for the measurement of cellular heterogeneity with unprecedented precision. As an example, the NCC can profile the immune response heterogeneities of distinct human monocyte populations at attomolar (10-18 moles) sensitivity in a completely non-destructive and real-time manner with a rate of ~100 cells/frame, highest range demonstrated to date for state of the art chemical cytometry. We demonstrate distinct H2O2 efflux heterogeneities between 330 and 624 attomole/cell·min with cell projected areas between 271 and 263 µm2, eccentricity values between 0.405 and 0.363 and RI values between 1.383 and 1.377 for non-activated and activated human monocytes, respectively. Hence, we show that our nanotechnology based biophotonic cytometer has significant potential and versatility to answer important questions and provide new insight in immunology, cell manufacturing and biopharmaceutical research.
The accessible promoter–mediated supplementary effect of ACE2 provides new insight into the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Jiang Qi , Du Guifang , Wang Junting , Tang XiaoHan , wang Xuejun , Yang Ding , Li Fei , Sun Yu , Tao Huan , Lu Meisong , Li Hao , Chen Hebing , Bo Xiaochen
Published: December 2020

Background：Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been confirmed to be a receptor for the newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, cell surface ACE2 expression is reported to be inconsistent with clinical tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2, which complicates understanding of the pathogenesis of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The consumption of ACE2 by internalization and shedding processes may explain this discordance. Results：To understand the discordance between ACE2 expression and the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2, we examined the chromatin accessibility of ACE2 promoter in hundreds of tissues and cell lines using public DNase-seq and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) data. We find that ACE2 promoter is only accessible in three tissues including lung, large intestine and placenta. Also, we examined tumors tissues and ACE2 promoter is observed accessible in five tumors with reported SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. We confirmed the susceptibility by performing SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection in several cell lines. Conclusions：We propose that open chromatin at the promoter mediates the ACE2 supplementary effect and ensures the entry of SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis provides a new view and potential clues for further investigation of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
Investigation of Candidate Genes and Mechanisms Underlying Obesity Associated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Bioinformatics Analysis and Screening of Small Drug Molecules 
Authors: G Prashanth , Vastrad Basavaraj , Tengli Anandkumar , Vastrad Chanabasayya , Kotturshetti Iranna
Published: December 2020

BackgroundObesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder ; however, the etiology of obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus remains largely unknown. There is an urgent need to further broaden the understanding of the development mechanism of obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus. MethodsTo screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may play essential roles in obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus, the public expression profiling by high throughput sequencing data (GSE143319) were downloaded and screened for DEGs. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis and REACTOME pathway analysis were performed. To screen hub and target genes, the protein–protein interaction network, miRNA-target genes regulatory network and TF-target gene regulatory network were constructed. The Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and RT- PCR analysis of hub genes in obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus were also analyzed. Final molecular docking studies performed for screening small drug molecules. ResultsThere were 409 up regulated and 411 down regulated genes detected, and the biological processes of the GO analysis were enriched in regulation of ion transmembrane transport, intrinsic component of plasma membrane, transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups, cell adhesion, integral component of plasma membrane and signaling receptor binding, whereas, the REACTOME pathway analysis was enriched in integration of energy metabolism and extracellular matrix organization. The hub genes CEBPD, TP73, ESR2, TAB1, MAP3K5, FN1, UBD, RUNX1, PIK3R2 and TNF, which might play a essential role in obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus was further screened. ConclusionsThe present study could deepen the understanding of the molecular mechanism of obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus, which could be useful in developing clinical treatments of obesity associated type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Unraveling the Role of Maize Cell Wall Hydroxycinnamates in Digestibility, Biofuel Production and Pest Resistance Using A Multi-Parent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) Approach. 
Authors: López-Malvar Ana , Malvar Rosa Ana , Butrón Ana , Revilla Pedro , Souto Xose Carlos , Santiago Rogelio
Published: December 2020

Background: Mechanical resistance due to higher hydroxycinnamate content makes maize tissues more recalcitrant to damage by insects, less digestible by ruminants, and less suitable for biofuel production. The integrated study of the maize functional genetic variability for each hydroxycinnamate component could be crucial to identify relevant genetic variants that may be incorporated into selection programs to breed maize varieties for multiple uses. A Genome Wide Association study was carried out a in a maize Multiparent-Advanced Intercross (MAGIC) Population to indentify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with cell wall bound hydroxycinnamates;and we checked thereafter their relationship with SNPs significantly associated with saccharification efficiency, digestibility of organic matter and corn borer damage.Results: We found 24 SNPs, corresponding to15 QTL, significantly associated with cell wall bound hydroxycinnamates. Each SNP explained between 6 and 8% of the total variability. We define new genomic regions and genes involved in polysaccharide synthesis and modifications, and the oxidative coupling associatted to cell wall hydroxycinnamates content. Conclusions: SNPs explained a small proportion of the variability for hydroxycinnamates, saccharification efficiency, digestibility or insect damage, therefore we recommend a genomic selection approach for future breeding programs of these traits. In addition, no colocalizations were found between hydroxycinnamates and final-use-related traits so breeding strategies can be focus on each particular trait with no side effects on the others.
Increased heart rate as a signal of acute distress in non-communicating persons with intellectual disability. A real-world study.
Authors: Kildal Emilie , Stadskleiv Kristine , Boysen Elin , Øderud Tone , Dahl Inger-Lise , Seeberg Trine , Guldal Svein , Strisland Frode , Morland Cecilie , Hassel Bjornar
Published: December 2020

Intellectual disability (ID) affects approximately 1% of the population. Some patients with severe or profound ID are essentially non-communicating and therefore risk experiencing pain and distress without being able to notify their caregivers, which is a major health issue. This study aimed to see if heart rate (HR) monitoring could reveal whether non-communicating persons with ID experience acute pain or distress in their daily lives. We monitored HR in 14 non-communicating participants with ID in their daily environment to see if specific situations were associated with increased HR. We defined increased HR as being > 1 standard deviation above the daily mean and lasting > 5 seconds. In 11 out of 14 participants, increased HR indicated pain or distress in situations that were not previously suspected to be stressful, e.g. passive stretching of spastic limbs or being transported in patient lifts. Increased HR suggesting joy was detected in three participants (during car rides, movies). In some situations that were previously suspected to be stressful, absence of HR increase suggested absence of pain or distress. We conclude that HR monitoring may identify acute pain and distress in non-communicating persons with ID, allowing for improved health care for this patient group.
Symmetry Conservation of Dirac Fermion With Double Junction and Gauge Field of Weyl Fermion With Single Junction
Authors: Oh Teresa , Li Xiangjiang , Fan Jing
Published: December 2020

Majorana fermion and Weyl fermion have matters and antimatters. But Majorana fermion has zero resistance and Weyl fermion has a resistance. It was confirmed that CP symmetry is preserved in the case of Dirac fermion because it only has spin current as the antimatter. Dirac fermion is supercurrent because CP symmetry is preserved by double schottky contact, but the Majorana fermion with ohmic contact has decreased current due to symmetry violation. Parity symmetry conservation was confirmed from the electrical properties of transistors, and charge symmetry conservation was confirmed in diode properties.
Perspectives of Health Service Providers on Barriers to Accessing Perinatal Mental Health Services in Karnataka, India: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Mukherjee Debarati , Dolcy Nolita , John Daisy A , Karthik Maithili , Gadhave Swapnil A , Babu Giridhara R
Published: December 2020

Background: Poor maternal mental health is a major public health concern since it adversely impacts both maternal and child health outcomes. This study aimed to document the barriers to utilizing perinatal mental health services in Karnataka, India, and to determine its relationship with risk factors of poor maternal mental health in this context. Methods: Qualitative research methods using in-depth interviews were conducted on twenty-one local stakeholders who represented health service providers in various capacities: mental health specialists (n = 4), gynaecologists (n = 2), government officials from the Department of Health and Family Welfare (n = 2), and Department of Women and Child Development (n = 2), senior state consultant to United Nations Children’s Fund (n = 1), and frontline workers (n = 10). Data were analysed using a thematic framework analysis approach. Results: We identified multiple barriers to service utilization operating at the levels of the health system, community, family, and the individual. Health-system level barriers included lack of a universal screening mechanism, poor infrastructure, poor training of frontline workers on mental health issues, and inadequate time for counselling and treatment. Community-level barriers included stigma and misconceptions, leading to a lack of social support. Family and individual level barriers included the financial burden of availing services, lack of family and partner support, and lack of empowerment and motivation in the woman to seek services. Family and individual level barriers interacted with risk factors of poor maternal mental health. Based on this evidence and drawing from the literature, we propose a contextualised, stepped-care model for universal screening, detection, referral, and treatment of women with perinatal mental health conditions for Karnataka that is integrated with the reproductive, maternal, and child health (RMNCH) program in primary care settings. Conclusions: The framework developed in this study suggests that addressing the identified barriers would potentially increase uptake of available services, create awareness about and demand for high-quality mental health services, reduce the risk factors of poor maternal mental health, and eventually improve our understanding of its true burden in the state of Karnataka. This is essential for proper implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of programs relevant to perinatal mental health.