bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying water stress and temperature effects on quinoa seed germination using hydrothermal-time-to-event models
Authors: sepasi shima , gholipoor manochehr , abbasdokht hamid , khorshidi mehdi
Published: August 2024

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), exhibits considerable tolerance to abiotic stresses, and its grains are rich in essential minerals, vitamins, and protein. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of water potential (ψ) and temperature (T) on quinoa germination behavior using the most efficient models (hydrothermal-time-to-event models) as the first study in this case. One of the advantages of these models is that their parameters accurately represent the cardinal Ts, eliminating the need to use additional non-linear equations. For this purpose, quinoa seeds were incubated at a factorial arrangement of eight Ts (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ◦C) and four ψs (0, − 4, − 8, and − 12 bar). The detailed regression analysis results revealed that T × ψ interaction was synergistic, rather than additive, especially at warmer Ts and lower ψs. The ψb value remained constant at Ts ≤ 22.7 ◦C (− 18.68 bar), afterward it increased (shifted to positive values) linearly to − 9.12 bar at 40 ◦C. The thermal-time-to-event model accurately (R2 > 0.97) showed that the ψ levels increased Tb, but decreased Tc; however, the Topt remained statistically constant at different ψs. Cardinal Ts for quinoa germination at zero bar were estimated to be 2.2 ◦C for Tb, 31.86 ◦C for Topt, and 44.33 ◦C for Tc. Consequently, quinoa could be categorized as a cold-tolerant and suitable for cultivation in arid regions because of its high resistance to low ψs.
Composite solutions to a liquid bilayer model
Authors: Kitavtsev Georgy
Published: August 2024

This article continues the research initiated in [17]. We derive explicit formulae for the leading order profiles of eleven types of stationary solutions to a one-dimensional two-layer thin-film liquid model considered with an intermolecular potential depending on both layer heights. The found solutions are composed of the repeated elementary blocks (bulk, contact line and ultra-thin film ones) being consistently asymptotically matched together. We show that once considered on a finite interval with Neumann boundary conditions these stationary solutions are either dynamically stable or weakly translationally unstable. Other composite solutions are found to be numerically unstable and rather exhibit complex coarsening dynamics.
Effect of basal metabolic rate on the development of sarcopenia, a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Liyang , Wu Tongyang , Wang Yue , Chen Xukun , Zhu Yun , Lu Wenli , Sun Jian , Huang Guowei , Li Wen
Published: August 2024

Backgrounds
There are various studies linking basal metabolic rate (BMR) and sarcopenia, but the causal relationship remains uncertain. We conducted a Mendelian random (MR) analysis to investigate the causal association between BMR and sarcopenia.
Methods
The inverse variance weighting approach was utilized as the primary method for Mendelian random analysis. This study analyzed the causal relationships between BMR and sarcopenia, and BMR as the exposure factor and characteristics associated with sarcopenia (grip strength, lean body mass, walking pace) as outcome indicators. To ensure the accuracy of our analysis, we conducted a sensitivity analysis using Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analysis, and the funnel plot technique.
Results
Our study found that there was a positive relationship between BMR and grip strength in both the right hand (IVW: β = 0.30, 95% CI, 0.28-0.32, p=1.47e−159) and left hand (IVW: β = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.26-0.31, p=1.26e−149). We also observed a positive correlation between BMR and whole lean body mass (IVW: β = 0.97, 95% CI, 0.96-0.98, p=0.00), appendicular lean mass (IVW: β = 1.36, 95% CI, 1.32-1.41, p=0.00), and walking pace (IVW: β = -0.05, 95% CI, -0.07−-0.03, p=1.18e−8). Furthermore, we found that a lower BMR was associated with a higher risk of having low hand grip strength (OR =0.56; 95% CI, 0.52-0.60; P=4.97e−54).
Conclusion
MR analysis revealed that individuals with a higher BMR have a lower risk of developing sarcopenia, indicating an inverse causal relationship between BMR and sarcopenia.
Impact of Global Warming on Tourism Values: Evidence from Mobile Phone Signaling Data in China
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Du Jue , Hou Lingling , huang kaixing
Published: August 2024

We estimate the impact of global warming on tourism based on mobile phone signaling data of more than 300 million individuals in China. The signaling data enable identification of both the push and pull effects of temperatures in the origin and destinations, avoiding the potential bias caused by focusing solely on the origin or destination. Based on the data from all the 330 cities to Inner Mongolia, the most popular summer vacation destinations in China, we find that one additional heat day (daily average temperature above 28°C) at the origin results in a 1.3% increase in tourist arrivals from the origin to the destination. At the destination, one additional comfortable day (daily average temperature between 20 to 26°C) leads to a 0.5% increase in tourist arrivals, while one additional heat days over 26°C leads to a 3.6% decrease in tourist arrivals. The push effects of heat days diminish with increasing travel distance and cost, whereas infrastructure enhancements at the destination reinforce the pull effects of comfortable days. Heterogeneity analysis shows that females and tourists over 29 years old are more responsive to comfortable temperatures at the destination, while tourist below 29 years old and over 50 years old are more sensitive to heat days in the origin cities. Projections indicate that global warming could reduce Inner Mongolia’s annual tourism revenue by 33-56 billion RMB by 2100, equivalent to 9.7-16.8% of its tourism revenue in 2023.
Exposure to Underestimated Channelized Melt in Antarctic Ice Shelves
Authors: Zinck Ann-Sofie Priergaard , Lhermitte Stef , Wearing Martin , Wouters Bert
Published: August 2024

The future sea level contribution from Antarctica is crucially important for coastal communities, but highly uncertain. This uncertainty largely stems from the complex interaction between the ocean and the ice shelves, which is both difficult to observe and model. To better understand and constrain the land ice response to a reduced buttressing exerted by ice shelves., efforts are needed to fully comprehend basal melt rates and their impact on ice shelf weakening and retreat. Here, we present high-resolution basal melt maps (50 m) based on a combination of stereo imagery and satellite altimetry, revealing pronounced channelized melting patterns that were previously substantially underestimated (42-50\%), This underestimation in melt rates implies that channel incision rates and breakthrough times have been underestimated, making breakthrough more likely and ice shelves more susceptible to damage. Accurately simulating such small-scale dynamics in ice-sheet models remains challenging but is essential for accurate sea level rise projections.
Performance of Marigold in Harad (Terminalia chebula) Based Agroforestry System
Authors: Akram Mohd. , Gupta Meenakshi , Gupta L M , Javaid Mohd
Published: August 2024

The current study aims to determine the impact of tree components on Tagetes erecta development and yield, as well as to assess the economic feasibility of an agroforestry system based on Harad and marigold. Nine treatments, each with three replications, were included in the RBD (Randomized Block Design) experiment layout.Three marigold types, PusaBasantiGainda, PusaNarangiGainda, and Medium-M45, were planted under the canopy of a Harad (Terminaliachebula) tree at two different distances, D1: 0–1 m and D2: 1-2 m, with a single cropping of PusaBasantiGainda, PusaNarangiGainda, and Medium-M45 serving as the control.As a result of competition for light and other natural resources, the results showed that Harad (Terminalia chebula) inhibited the development and yield of the marigold cultivars Pusa Basanti Gainda, Pusa Narangi Gainda, and Medium-M45 at 0-1m and 1-2m relative to the tree.
Under canopy, the MediumM45 outperformed the Pusa Narangi Gainda and Pusa Basanti Gainda at all tree distances.In control settings (open air), marigold variety growth and yield were at its highest.Furthermore, in open circumstances, MediumM45 outperformed the other two types.In the context of an agroforestry system, the highest B:C ratio was found in Harad + Medium-M45 (8.89), followed by Harad + PusaNarangiGainda (6.43) and Harad + PusaBasantiGainda (6.15). For a single crop, the highest B:C ratio was found in Medium-M45 (7.15), followed by PusaNarangiGainda (2.5) and PusaBasantiGainda (1.63).The three Gainda locations with the greatest LER values were PusaBasanti (2.89), PusaNarangi (2.62), and Medium-M45 (1.68).The findings of this investigation indicate that Marigold can be successfully integrated with the harad plantations. The bestvariety is Medium-M45 and PusaNarangiGainda has better growth and yield compared to PusaBasantiGainda. Since the three systems had LER >1 it could be recommended to farmers under sub-tropical region of Jammu,J&K.
Dissipative preparation of a Floquet topological insulator in an optical lattice via bath engineering
Authors: Schnell Alexander , Weitenberg Christof , Eckardt André
Published: August 2024

Floquet engineering is an important tool for realizing topologically nontrivial band structures for charge-neutral atoms in optical lattices. However, the preparation of a topological-band-insulator-type state of fermions, with one nontrivial quasi-energy band filled completely and the others empty, is challenging as a result of both driving induced heating as well as imperfect adiabatic state preparation (with the latter induced by the unavoidable gap closing when passing the topological transition). An alternative procedure that has been proposed is to prepare such states dissipatively, i.e. as a steady state that emerges when coupling the system to reservoirs. Here we discuss a concrete scheme that couples the system to a weakly interacting Bose condensate given by second atomic species acting as a heat bath. Our strategy relies on the engineering of the potential for the bath particles, so that they occupy weakly coupled tubes perpendicular to the two-dimensional system. Using Floquet-Born-Markov theory, we show that the resulting nonequilibrium steady state of the driven-dissipative system approximates a topological insulator. We even find indications for the approximate stabilization of an anomalous Floquet topological insulator, a state that is impossible to realize in equilibrium.
A CASE REPORT OF BRONCHIECTASISON PRIMARY IMMUNE DEFICIENCY TYPE ATAXIATELANGIECTASIA
Authors:   Department of Respiratory Diseases.Research and Medical Sciences Laboratory.Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University.Oujda, MOR., Salaheddine Kebbara , Mohammed Lakhal ,   Department of Respiratory Diseases.Research and Medical Sciences Laboratory.Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University.Oujda, MOR., Jihane Jaouani ,   Pulmonology Department, Mohammed VI University Hosppital Oujda, MOR., Meriem Rhazari ,   Department of Respiratory Diseases.Research and Medical Sciences Laboratory.Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University.Oujda, MOR., Afaf Thouil ,   Department of Respiratory Diseases.Research and Medical Sciences Laboratory.Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University.Oujda, MOR., Hatim Kouismi ,   Department of Respiratory Diseases.Research and Medical Sciences Laboratory.Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy of Oujda, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Mohammed First University.Oujda, MOR.
Published: August 2024

Bronchiectasisisdefined as a permanent and irreversibleincrease in bronchial caliber, affecting at least two lobes of the lung. It is a frequentpathology in developing countries, but remainsunderestimated.There are manyetiologies, includingprimary immune deficiency, whichisconsidered the second mostcommon cause of bronchiectasis in childrenaftercysticfibrosis. We report the case of a 21-year-old patient admitted for the management of an infectious exacerbation of diffuse bronchiectasissecondary to a primary immune deficiency of the ataxia-telangiectasia type. Wewill cite somestudies in the literaturewith a discussion on the main mechanism of bronchiectasisassociatedwithataxia-telangiectasia and itsprevalencecompared to otheretiologies.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL CADAVERIC STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE AND MORPHOMETRY OF PSOAS MINOR MUSCLE IN WESTERN MAHARASHTRA
Authors:   Resident, Dept of Anatomy, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India - 411040., Siddhartha Roy , Dibendu Ghosh ,   Senior Resident, Dept of Anatomy, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India - 411040., Manish Singh Ahuja ,   Professor, Dept of Anatomy, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India - 411040., Debasis Bandyopadhyay ,   Professor & Head, Dept of Anatomy, AFMC, Pune, Maharashtra, India - 411040.
Published: August 2024

Introduction:The Psoas minor muscle is a long, elongated, spindle-shaped muscle thatis rarelypresent in the human body. Despite its relatively minor role in human biomechanics, understanding its prevalence and morphology can be crucial in certain surgical and diagnostic contexts. Aim:The primary aim of this cross-sectional cadaveric study is to investigate the prevalence and describe the morphometry of the Psoas minor muscle in a population from western Maharashtra. Materials and Methods:63 well-preservedformalin-fixed and soft-embalmed human cadavers were examined during routine dissection. The prevalence, sexual dimorphism, morphology, morphometry, and laterality of Psoas minor muscle were assessed.Digital vernier calipers and tape measure were used to measure the psoas minor muscle morphometry. Result:The study reveals a prevalence rate of 33.33% for the Psoas minor muscle in the studied population. The muscle was present in 21 cadavers out of 63 cadavers. It was bilateral in 17.46% (11/63) cadavers and unilateral in 15.87% (10/63) cadavers. In all the examined cases muscle took origin from a T12-L1 vertebra, and was distally connected to the iliopubic eminence.The muscle was found unilaterally in 05 males and 05 female cadavers, and bilaterally in 07 males and 04 female cadavers. Conclusion:The study provides valuable insights into the presence and anatomical characteristics of the Psoas minor muscle among the population of Western Maharashtra. The prevalence as well as morphometry and morphology of this muscle is of significant academic interest for anatomists, surgeons, radiologists, kinesiologists, and physiotherapists for diagnostic purposes.
CLINICAL PERFORMANCE OF EQUIA FORTE FILL. GAENIAL POSTERIOR, CENTION N IN CLASS II CAVITY IN PRIMARY TEETH- AN IN VIVO STUDY
Authors: Subba Limboo Manna , Dua Parminder , Mangla Ritu , Vyas Divya , a Neha
Published: August 2024

Context: Aims:The aim of this study is to compare clinical performance of EQUIA Forte Fill. G-Aenial Posterior, Cention N in class II cavity in primary teeth- An In vivo study Setting and design:The study was conducted at Himachal Institute of dental sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Preventive dentistry, Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh Subject and methods:In total 45 class II restorations were performed in patients aged 4-9 years using three different restorative materials: EQUIA Forte Fill [EF], GAenial Posterior [GP], Cention N [CN]. The restorations were evaluated using method USPHS criteria in terms of anatomic form, secondary caries, color match, retention, marginal adaptation, polishability, surface staining, pre and post operative sensitivity, soft tissue health, proximal contact point. The data was analized using chi-square test, McNemars test, marginal homogeneity test. Statistical analysis used: The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows, Version 19.0). Descriptive statistics were calculated as frequency and percentage. The comparison of study parameters at various time periods among the three study groups was done using chi-square test. Comparison of change in study parameters at various time periods was assessed using McNemars test and marginal homogeneity test. The level of significance for the present study was fixed at a p-value of less than 0.05. Result:The clinical performance of GAenial Posterior was superior to EQUIA Forte Fill and Cention N Conclusion:GAenial Posterior is a promising user-friendly restorative material that can be used to restore carious primary teeth. It offers a better restorative properties like aesthetics, improved radiopacities and can be manipulated with ease by the clinicians.
REVIEW OF COMPLETED STUDIES ON ONLINE LEARNING PLATFORMS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Angeles University Foundation., Chen Yikai , Reyes (Adviser) Ruel ,   Angeles University Foundation.
Published: August 2024

Online learning platforms have gained significant popularity and adoption among higher education institutions in the delivery of instruction. The 2019 pandemic transformed these technologies from a supplemental to a primary mode of instruction delivery. Online learning platforms have facilitated communication and collaboration among stakeholders, promoting effective management practices in areas such as student support and faculty coordination. Moreover, these platforms have played a vital role in enhancing access to educational resources, enabling student-centered learning, and supporting personalized learning experiences. This paper summarizes studies conducted by different researchers on the evolution of online learning platforms and their management implications for academic institutions.
TINEA CAPITIS IN ADULTS: ABOUT 10 CASES
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco., Dahmani B. ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., Baybay H. ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., Douhi Z. ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., Soughi M. ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., Elloudi S. ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco., Mernissi FZ. ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
Published: August 2024

Tineacapitis (TC)is a superficialfungal infection primarilyseen in school-agedchildren. Adulttineacapitis (ATC) is rare, with distinct clinicalfeatures and ofteninvolvesidentifying local and generalpredisposingfactors. We report a series of 10 adult patients.
LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY REVEALED BY PALMOPLANTAR NODULAR LESIONS
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco., Dahmani B. ,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco, Baybay H. ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco, Douhi Z. ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco, Soughi M. ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco, Elloudi S. ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco, Mernissi FZ. ,   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.,   Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
Published: August 2024

Leprosy is a chronic debilitating disorder caused by the acid-fast bacilli Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae).This bacilli exhibit a distinctive predilection for the skin and peripheral nerves, although they can potentially impact any system in the body.Palmoplantar involvement has been infrequently reported in leprosy and is an easily misdiagnosed entity.We report a case of a young female presented with a palmo plantar nodular lesions for wich a skin biopsy showed histological signs consistent with lepromatous leprosy.
IUCN RED LISTED MEDICINAL PLANTS AND THEIR CONSERVATION ISSUES FROM FLORA OF TELANGANA
Authors:   Plant Systematics, Biodiversity and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Botany, University College of Science, Saifabad-500004., Tharasingh B. , Venkat Ramana M. ,   Plant Systematics, Biodiversity and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Botany, University College of Science, Saifabad-500004., Nethaji K. ,   Plant Systematics, Biodiversity and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Botany, University College of Science, Saifabad-500004., Chandramohan K. ,   Forest Survey of India, Central Zone, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, Maharashtra-440006.
Published: August 2024

The state of Telangana situated on the south central stretch of the Indian Peninsula and on the eastern sideof the Deccan plateau. The regionhas tropical climate with drymixed deciduous, thorny scrub forests and with open grasslands home for a wide variety of medicinal plants. Over centuries many of the medicinal plants have been exploiting from the wild by the locals and the pharma companies. Over exploitation of raw material from the wild resources and habitat losstheir populations have dramatically reduced and threatened. As on today, there is no consolidated information on the medicinal plants exploiting from the wild and which have been listed in the threatened category of the global conservations status IUCN red list. The present study reports ca. 350 medicinal plants occurring wild in the state. Out of them, there are 51 species are categorized under threatened category of IUCN red list. The consolidated list of threatened medicinal plants presented and their global conservation issues discussed in detail.
MIZORAM FOREST AFTER INDIAS INDEPENDENCE: TYPES AND RESOURCES
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of History, Govt. J. Thankima College, Aizawl, Mizoram., Vanlalruati C. , and Zarzoliana ,   Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Govt. Hrangbana College, Aizawl, Mizoram., V.L. Thlanga Samuel ,   Associate Professor, Department of History, Govt. Aizawl West College, Aizawl, Mizoram.
Published: August 2024

After Indias independence, forest in Lushai Hills district falls under the shared supervision of Cachar forest division and the Mizo District Council. A fairly large area was reserved, but extraction was confined to river banks. The poorly staffed district administration made little contribution in organising trade in forest produce. There was no proper management of Forests during the initial stage except the enactment of Acts and Regulation that prescribed royalty rates to be levied for various forest produces and also classified forests in various categories and non-reserved forest and regulation of the practice of Jhum. The Inner Line regulation prohibiting entry of outsiders into Lushai Hills without obtaining prior permission from the Deputy Commissioner certainly helped in the prevention of the hill tribes and from exploitation of forests by outsiders. The main factors leading to deforestation are political upheaval during 1966 and continued practice of shifting cultivation. While Major Forest Produce mainly comprises of Sawn Timber, Firewood and Poles Minor Forest Produce (MFP) has a great potential in the state of Mizoram. The hilly topography with high rainfall and humidity favours the luxuriant growth of such MFP species including valuable medicinal plants, flowing Orchids, etc. The states rich forest resources remain vital for its ecological balance and the livelihoods of the people.
MIZORAM FOREST AFTER INDIAS INDEPENDENCE: BAMBOO, WILD-LIFE AND LAND USE
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of History, Govt. J. Thankima College, Aizawl, Mizoram., Vanlalruati C. , and Zarzoliana ,   Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Govt. Hrangbana College, Aizawl, Mizoram., V.L. Thlanga Samuel ,   Associate Professor, Department of History, Govt. Aizawl West College, Aizawl, Mizoram.
Published: August 2024

Mizoram has abundant natural bamboo resources and nearly one third of its geographical area is under bamboo cover. Bamboo is extensively use as material for construction of houses, cutlery, waving, handicrafts, support for climbers, food, etc. Bamboo resource management and utilization has never been given a serious thought. Harvesting bamboo for local consumption had been negligible as compared to the huge stock available in the state. The introduction of Mahal system has generated income for the forest department. Gregarious bamboo flowering historically has significant ecological, socio- economic and political impact. Being an ecological hotspot, Mizoram is home to a great variety of wildlife species. Systematic survey on flora and fauna is yet to be undertaken. Wildlife conservation in is an important mandate of the Forest department. Apart from awareness campaign, protected areas, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries have been notified. The practice of jhuming has gradually deteriorated tree and bamboo forests. Forest plays an important role in protection and conservation of soil and water which are the two important resources on which growth and productivity depends. It also provides the needs of the local population who are depending on forests for fuel, fodder, building materials, fruits, vegetables,etc. As forest plays vital roles in environmental stability and ecological balance, the socio- economic life of the people of the state revolves around the forest.
EDUCATION AND NIGERIAS QUEST FOR NATION-BUILDING AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: and Alonge , Ajayi Rufus
Published: August 2024

This paper examined education and Nigerias quest for nation-building and development. The study highlighted that access to quality education is a great virtue of nation-building and development. It is assumed that nation-building and development are made possible through education. It is widely believed that education places a significant premium on thinking critically and ethically to contribute to national development and nation-building capability. The paper further identifies and places importance on the problems of nation-building and development in Nigeria and the better ways to change the narrative that hinders nation-building. The paper also explores, by way of explanation, how education could be used to serve as a pathway to nation-building. The methodology adopted was a contextual analysis that involved the review of materials from different publications, textbooks, and other relevant internet/online sources that were descriptively presented. The paper concluded that since education is regarded as a pathway to nation-building and development, governments at all levels should strive to work out and be committed to meeting the UNESCO International Benchmark on 20% annual budget for education from member nations, especially among 3rd World countries to be able to drive the vehicle of nation building and development to a promised land.
S. Stauffer’s theory of the interdependence of mobility and distance as a basis for modern migration studies
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Lisitsyn Pavel P. , Stepanov Alexander M. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Gibazov Roman R. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2024

This article analyzes the scientific legacy of S. Stouffer, one of the founders of migration studies. The main value of his work lies not so much in the data he received, but in questions he formulated about migration, which still remain relevant. The article substantiates the need for modern researchers to refer to the works of the classics of migration studies, and consistently examines the questions that S. Stouffer tried to answer in his works. Particular attention is paid to data sources for the analysis of migration processes, S. Stouffer’s arguments about the subjectivity of migrants and the existence of various strategies of migration behavior, as well as the concepts of “assumed” and “real” migration opportunities are analyzed. In conclusion, the article formulates the main theses that seem relevant to migration researchers today, and also describes a theoretical framework that suggests a connection between mobility and distance. Basing on the key thesis of this article that: “the lost value of research with Stouffer’s today is the devaluation of answers to fundamental and applied questions of migration, but the acquired value is the revaluation of the very questions posed by him”, the authors of the text demonstrate the continuity and evolution of scientific thought about migration processes from the middle of the 20th century up to the present day.
Sanitation for All
Authors: Cisneros Blanca Elena Jiménez , Bahri Akissa , Calabria de Araújo Juliana , Campos Claudia , Castro de Esparza María Luisa , Genthe Bettina , Kehoe Paula , Schuster-Wallace Corinne , Sirikanchana Kwanrawee , Sato Maria Inês Zanoli
Published: August 2024

Can women bring a fresh perspective to the provision of global sanitation services? The co-authors of this book, through their strong socio-political and scientific experiences, believe this to be the case. The book offers a critical look at the challenges and solutions needed to achieve Sanitation for All, including for vulnerable people, refugees, asylum seekers, stateless, or internally displaced persons, and especially women. We present sanitation policy and decision making from the perspective of women, providing conclusions to the prevailing debates.

In 2022, 43% of the world's population lacked access to safely managed sanitation. Poor sanitation is linked to the transmission of diarrhoeal diseases, exacerbates stunting, and contributes to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. In low-income countries, 5% of deaths are associated with unsafe sanitation. Poor sanitation affects mental well-being and safety, especially for women and children. Lack of sanitation costs around 2% of GDP (a figure that increases rapidly with epidemic outbreaks) because of income losses from trade and tourism and the impact on water quality.

Besides being part of our human right to water, sanitation is essential to reach the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals on poverty, health, education, gender, water, equity, cities and the sustainable environment. Nevertheless, convincing politicians to invest in sanitation is a daunting challenge since, in contrast to drinking water, it is not an immediate vote-winner and is perceived as an unpleasant topic for public discussion. Despite this, to achieve the SDG target by 2030, a five-fold increase on current rates of progress will be required.

The role of women in sanitation planning and implementation is key, due to their leadership in communities and their ability to organise and guarantee the sustainability of systems. Furthermore, women's care-giving nature at home and in their communities has led them to understand the importance of sanitation and being open to discussing it publicly; women stand ready to raise the profile of this subject, putting it on a higher level on the political agenda.

This book is vital reading not just for women but all stakeholders and partners in the water industry, especially those working in the sanitation and hygiene sectors.

ISBN: 9781789064032 (paperback)

ISBN: 9781789064049 (eBook)

ISBN: 9781789064056 (ePub)
Occurrence of pathogenic Mycobacteria avium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in outdoor decorative fountain water and the associated microbial community
Authors: Zhou Qiaomei , Huang Jingang , Wen Shilin , Lou Yucheng , Qiu Shanshan , Li Huanxuan , Zhou Rongbing , Tang Junhong
Published: August 2024

Outdoor decorative fountains usually attract residents to visit. However, opportunistic pathogens (OPs) can proliferate and grow in the stagnant fountain water, posing potential health risks to visitors due to the inhalation of spaying aerosols. In this study, the abundance of selected OPs and associated microbial communities in three large outdoor decorative fountain waters were investigated using quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that Mycobacteria avium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were consistently detected in all decorative fountain waters throughout the year. Redundancy analysis showed that OPs abundance was negatively correlated with water temperature but positively correlated with nutrient concentrations. The gene copy numbers of M. avium varied between 2.4 and 3.9 log10 (gene copies/mL), which were significantly lower than P. aeruginosa by several orders of magnitude, reaching 6.5–7.1 log10 (gene copies/mL) during winter. The analysis of taxonomic composition and prediction of functional potential also revealed pathogenic microorganisms and infectious disease metabolic pathways associated with microbial communities in different decorative fountain waters. This study provided a deeper understanding of the pathogenic conditions of the outdoor decorative fountain water, and future works should focus on accurately assessing the health risks posed by OPs in aerosols.
Calculation of the heat stabilizer effective parameters depending on its location relative to the pile
Authors: Gilmanov Alexander Ya. , Kim Andrey S. , Shevelev Alexander P.
Published: August 2024

Maintaining the soil in a frozen state in a cryolithozone is necessary for preventing the collapse of structures. The most effective technical solution for this is the use of two-phase passive heat stabilizers. Monitoring the state of permafrost soil allows to accept technical decisions that prevent soil thawing. Calculation the effective parameters of such decisions requires mathematical modeling of thermal and hydrodynamic processes. An approach is proposed to effectively compensate the heat flux from the pile on the ground, assuming the location of the heat stabilizer in the same well with the pile or at a slight distance from it. The aim of the work is to calculate the effective parameters of the heat stabilizer depending on its location relative to the pile. The developed mathematical model assumes the five tasks: 1) blowing the above-ground part of the heat stabilizer with air; 2) movement of liquid refrigerant to the bottom of the heat stabilizer; 3) cooling of the casing of the heat stabilizer with an two-phase flow of refrigerant; 4) heat exchange in the system refrigerant — the casing — frozen soil; 5) compensation of heat flow from the pile into the ground with heat flow from the ground into the heat stabilizer. The first problem is solved on the basis of an empirical criterion equation. The second and third tasks are solved using the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. The fourth and fifth tasks involve solving the equation of thermal conductivity. As a result of calculations, the effective parameters of the heat stabilizer were obtained. The minimum lateral dimensions of the heat stabilizer casing have been established to compensate the heat flow from the pile into the ground. The time of freezing front reaching the pile from the heat stabilizer located at a distance of 0.5 m from one of its corners has been determined.
A Comparative Study between Dexmedetomidine, Clonidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Rawat Pratibha , Karki Geeta , Singh Vishwadeep , Misra Gaurav
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Supraclavicular brachial block is a popular and widely used nerve block technique for perioperative anesthesia and analgesia for upper extremity surgery. The block is performed at level of distal trunks and the origin of divisions, where the brachial plexus is confined to its smallest surface area, thus producing a rapid and reliable block of the plexus. It is the popular technique of anesthesia for upper limb surgeries due to its effectiveness in terms of performance, cost, margin of safety and good post-operative analgesia. It provides rapid onset, dense upper limb anesthesia with a single injection. Materials and Methods: About 90 patients who underwent elective upper limb Orthopaedics surgery during the period of the study were randomly divided into three equal groups of participants each using a computer-based random number generator, i.e., group C, D and F. They were compared for the onset and duration of motor and sensory block and post operative analgesia. Results: Mean onset of sensory and motor block was minimum for fentanyl (7.13 ± 0.94, 9.77 ± 0.82 minutes) followed by dexmedetomidine (7.37 ± 1.06, 11.33 ± 1.61 minutes) and clonidine (8.73 ± 0.98, 12.23 ± 1.57 minutes). Duration of block amongst the three groups showed statistically significant difference, dexmedetomidine (585.13 ± 44.42, 546.07 ± 42.02 minutes) having maximum duration of sensory and motor block followed by clonidine (535.77 ± 32.11, 507.30 ± 33.59 minutes) and minimum for fentanyl (330.03 ± 44.25, 284.67 ± 59.96 minutes). Conclusion: We concluded that adding fentanyl to bupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block had a faster onset of sensory and motor blockade when compared to dexmedetomidine and clonidine, and dexmedetomidine prolonged the duration of analgesia when compared with clonidine and fentanyl.
Aile Sağlığı Merkezine Başvuran Kadınların Kanser Tarama Tutumlarının Kadercilik ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: İşcan Ayyıldız Neşe , Evcimen Hasan
Published: August 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma aile sağlığı merkezine başvuran kadınların kanser taramalarına yönelik tutumlarının kadercilik algıları ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-ilişki arayıcı tipteki bu çalışma Mayıs-Ekim 2022 tarihleri arasında bir aile sağlığı merkezinde yapıldı. Araştırmanın evrenini aile sağlığı merkezine kayıtlı 30-70 yaş arası 800 kadın oluşturdu. Örneklem büyüklüğü, evreni bilinen örneklem belirleme formülünden yararlanılarak 260 olarak hesaplandı. Çalışma 405 kadının katılımıyla tamamlandı. Çalışmada kanser taramalarına yönelik tutum ölçeği ve sağlık kadercilik ölçeği kullanıldı. İlişki değerlendirmeleri Pearson korelasyon testi, t testi, One-way ANOVA ve doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılarak yapıldı.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan kadınların yaş ortalaması 43,27±9,01’di. Kadınların sağlık kadercilik ölçeği puan ortalaması 48,10±11,46 ve kanser taramalarına yönelik tutum ölçeği puan ortalaması ise 88,82±15,78 idi. Katılımcıların kanser taramalarına yönelik tutum ölçeği puan ortalamalarının sağlık kaderciliği ölçeği puan ortalaması, eğitim durumlarına mesleklerine, yerleşim yerlerine, kronik hastalık bulunma durumuna ve kanserli bir yakının varlığına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde farklılık gösterdiği saptandı (p<0,05). Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizinde eğitim durumu, sağlık kaderciliği algısı, kanserli yakın varlığı ve kronik hastalık durumu değişkenlerinin kanser taramalarına yönelik tutum ölçeği puan ortalamasındaki değişimin %36’sını açıkladığı anlamlı bir model gözlemlendi (p<0,001).
Sonuç: Kadınların sağlık kaderciliği algıları arttıkça kanser taramalarına yönelik tutumları azalmaktadır. Eğitim durumu, kanserli yakın varlığı ve kronik hastalık durumu kanser taramalarına yönelik tutumlar üzerinde etkili diğer değişkenlerdir. Kadınların kanser taramalarına yönelik tutumlarının arttırılmasına yönelik sağlığı geliştirici programlara katılımları teşvik edilmelidir.
Analisis Pembentukan Perjanjian Internasional untuk Menangani Krisis Penipisan Ozon akibat Emisi Orbital Spacecraft
Authors: Noya Brigitta Caecilia Putri , Ardhiansyah Agis , Prasetyo Dony Aditya
Published: August 2024

This research aims to establish the regulatory framework for emissions generated by orbital spacecraft within the scope of international law, particularly space law and international environmental law, and to formulate a new international agreement that can address the emissions issues arising from orbital spacecraft. In analyzing these issues, the author employs a normative legal method, utilizing legislative and conceptual approaches. The Outer Space Treaty, as the primary agreement regulating all activities in outer space, proves inadequate in addressing the existing problems. Article IX, considered the closest provision to addressing the issue of orbital spacecraft emissions, still falls short and fails to provide a comprehensive solution. The Montreal Protocol, as the principal agreement related to compounds potentially causing ozone depletion, also falls short in evaluating the threat posed by orbital spacecraft emissions due to the limited coverage of regulatory jurisdiction. The regulatory vacuum concerning the impact of orbital spacecraft emissions on ozone depletion needs to be promptly addressed through the creation of a new international agreement. The formation of such an agreement should adhere to existing systematic structures, and the substance of the new agreement must be able to accommodate on-the-ground issues while maintaining an environmental perspective.
Alternative to Detention Sebagai Pemenuhan Prinsip Freedom From Arbitrary detention Untuk Pengungsi Rohingya Di India
Authors: Soeroso Andaru Sulaksono Aji , Ikaningtyas Ikaningtyas , Susanto Fransiska Ayulistya
Published: August 2024

The guarantees contained in article 9(1) of the ICCPR are not being properly implemented for Rohingya refugees residing in India. The article asserts the principle of freedom from arbitrary detention, which is jus cogens. However, India has not implemented the principle as it has not fully ratified the guarantees or categories of arbitrary detention of refugees which has left a void in the application of the principle to refugees in India. This vacuum is supported by a non-existent system of handling and detention and supported by national laws that do not regulate the principle which has led to massive arbitrary arrests and violence against Rohingya refugees in Jammu and Kashmir. So in this case, the researcher raises the issue of the applicability of the Freedom from Arbitrary detention principle as Jus Cogens for the handling of Rohingya refugees in India. India, which is a state of law, adheres to dualism and monolism simultaneously, so that the principle of jus cogens can enter and force erga ormes. To fulfil this right, UNHCR established the Alternative to Detention system which has elements of necessity and proportionality to avoid arbitrary detention in the region. So that India as a state, has an obligation to fulfil this right in full based on international law and its constitution. This research uses statute approach, case approach, and conceptual approach to help researchers analyse this writing which is in the form of normative juridical.
Precautionary Principle dalam Penghitungan Pemulihan Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup Akibat Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan
Authors: Ilma Radela Hafidhotul , Nurjaya I Nyoman , Afandi Fachrizal
Published: August 2024

This research was conducted because there is a high number of environmental crimes committed by corporations, especially land and forest fires. One of the cases of forest and land fires that often occur is due to corporate activities in the field of oil palm plantations. There are five decisions related to forest and land fires analyzed, in these decisions the analysis will focus on additional punishment in the form of environmental damage recovery costs. The calculation of the cost of restoring environmental damage will be linked to the precautionary principle. This research was conducted to find out whether the panel of judges in handling criminal cases of forest and land fires had applied the precautionary principle, what was the ratio decidendi in applying the principle, and whether the application was in accordance with the UUPPLH and KKMA P3LH. The research was conducted using the normative juridical method and used a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The results showed that not all forest and land fire criminal cases, especially in calculating additional criminal costs, require the application of the precautionary principle. The judges who apply the precautionary principle are of the view that the decline in environmental quality cannot fully return, the application is also based on the results of laboratory analysis and expert opinions. The application of the precautionary principle can refer to the UUPPLH and KKMA P3LH. In the five decisions analyzed, the precautionary principle applied by the judges based on these two regulations was not all of its elements fulfilled.
Inkonsistensi Terhadap Pengakuan Desa Adat Dalam Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa
Authors: Pradana Irsyad Syafi , Negara Tunggul Anshari Setia , Widodo Ibnu Sam
Published: August 2024

The Village Law was supposed to be a breath of fresh air for villages across Indonesia that still have customs or customary laws, as they can use their own customary government format with various provisions. However, administrative constraints become a restraint in the process of determining villages to become customary villages. Based on these problems, the formulation of the problem in this research is: How is the relationship between the boundaries of an indigenous village and the process of establishing an indigenous village? And how is the ideal reformulation in the determination of indigenous villages? This research method uses normative juridical research with statutory and conceptual approaches. This research results in two conclusions: first, that the existence of customary villages cannot be separated from the existence of customary law communities. This is reflected in the requirements of customary villages in the Village Law. However, there is a problem, namely the provision of time limits in the process of determining customary villages. Second, in essence, the elimination of the 1 (one) year period is a form of respect for the constitutional rights of indigenous peoples.
Urgensi Pengaturan Larangan Penyebaran Konten Bunuh Diri di Media Sosial Dalam Hukum Positif di Indonesia
Authors: Amalia Alda , Sugiri Bambang , Damayanti Galieh
Published: August 2024

This research addresses the issue of Criminalization of Suicide Content Spread on Social Media. Indonesia is one of the countries with a suicide rate reaching 1.12 per 100,000 population. Suicide is believed to be contagious, especially among individuals with similar backgrounds to the suicide victim, necessitating suicide postvention to reduce the risk of copycat suicides. This imitation effect is known as suicide contagion or The Werther Effect. The 2024 Amendment to Law Number 11 Year 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions is expected to protect Indonesian society from the negative impacts of technological advancements. Based on these points, this paper formulates the following research questions: (1) Are there regulations prohibiting the dissemination of suicide content in Indonesia? (2) What are the future legal regulations concerning the prohibition of disseminating suicide content in Indonesia? This study employs a juridical-normative method with a legislative approach and comparative approach. The findings indicate that disseminating suicide content is hazardous, supported by psychologists confirming that suicide can spread even through social media content alone. Currently, there are no specific articles in the ITE Law that can prosecute disseminators. Therefore, preventive efforts are needed to minimize the high suicide rates caused by exposure to suicide content on social media, thereby fulfilling the law's role as social control.