bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical and tribo-mechanical characterization in metal-ceramic multilayers coatings
Authors: González-Hernandez A. , Morales A. B. , Caicedo J. C. , Alba N. C. , Barragán Ramírez R. , Flores M.
Published: July 2020

Laboratory scale studies of tribological properties of nitride coatings are useful in predicting their protective wear behavior in cutting tools for industrial scale applications. Main aim of this research is to determinate optical and tribo-mechanical properties in multilayer coatings of metal-ceramic assigned as coatings A and B. These coatings were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering on carbon steel AISI 1060 using buffer adhesion layers of W, Ti/W/WN and TiN/TiN respectively. For to determinate molecules interactions of materials were analysed by means of Raman and FTR spectroscopies. The nanohardness, tribological and adhesion behaviour were studied by nanoindentation, pin on disk and a tribometer. The hardness and behaviour tribological, were obtained by Nano-indentation, pin on disk, and scratch test using a tribometer. FTIR and Raman analysis shown the formation of Ti metallic ion and WO3 mainly in both coatings. The hardness of coatings shown a slight improvement compared with the substrate. However, for industrial application this property should be increase. The behaviour of COF does not presented improvement. The mass loss and wear rate were high significantly due to the formation of cracks on surface coatings. Scratch analysis, it found three wear mechanics determined by the presence of irregular borders with sharp shadow, semicircle detachment in coatings and coatings detachment in the central track as the load increased.
Dermatomiositis como síndrome paraneoplásico
Authors: Hernández Valverde Andrea , Arriola Acuña Luis Esteban , Vargas Guzmán Amanda
Published: July 2020

Las miopatías inflamatorias tienen un riesgo aumentado de malignidad, siendo la dermatomiositis la de mayor asociación. La neoplasia puede ser sólida o hematológica. Existen factores clínicos y de laboratorio que pueden aumentar o disminuir el riesgo de presentación de miositis como enfermedad paraneoplásica. Entre los principales factores de riesgo, se ha observado la presencia de anticuerpos anti-TIF1, el anti-NXP2 y en menor medida el anti-SAE. La principal teoría de su origen apunta hacia la respuesta inmune derivada de la creación de proteínas mutadas por parte de las células cancerosas. El diagnóstico de malignidad se puede realizar antes, durante o después del diagnóstico de dermatomiositis. No existe un régimen terapéutico establecido, sin embargo se ha propuesto el uso de esteroides, inmunosupresores o inmunoglobulinas, así como la terapia efectiva contra el cáncer.
SARS-CoV-2: la nueva pandemia
Authors: Solano Mora Andrea , Solano Castillo Andrés , Gamboa Ellis Catherine
Published: July 2020

Un nuevo tipo de coronavirus humano llamado SARS-CoV-2 causante de la enfermedad COVID-19 la cual se manifiesta como una infección del tracto respiratorio ha sido el motivo de un estado de alarma a nivel mundial. El SARS-CoV-2 es un virus ARN perteneciente a la familia Coronaviridae al igual que el anterior síndrome respiratorio agudo causado por coronavirus (SARS-CoV) y el síndrome respiratorio del Medio Este (MERS-CoV). No se conoce con certeza la fuente del virus, pero se relaciona con animales salvajes como el murciélago y reservorios intermediarios como el pangolín, serpientes y visones. El contagio principal se presenta por medio de gotitas respiratorias y vías de contacto con personas que tienen síntomas respiratorios. Las personas más susceptibles a presentar las manifestaciones más graves de la enfermedad son aquellas con comorbilidades como diabetes, hipertensión arterial, enfermedades cardiovasculares y enfermedades respiratorias crónicas. El manejo terapéutico se enfoca en medidas de soporte y algunos fármacos se han sometido a ensayos clínicos para observar eficacia contra el SARS-CoV-2.
Biodisponibilidade de metais em riachos e a acumulação por insetos aquáticos
Authors: Nunes Menegat Mariana , Chaves Loureiro Rafael , Dal Magro Jacir , Maria Restello Rozane , Ubiratan Hepp Luiz
Published: July 2020

A expansão das atividades agrícolas e, consequentemente, o uso de agrotóxicos e fertilizantes contendo metais pesados em sua composição podem afetar negativamente a estrutura das comunidades aquáticas. Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as concentrações de cobre (Cu), cádmio (Cd) e cromo (Cr) em três níveis da cadeia trófica de invertebrados (i.e. detrito, fragmentadores e predadores). Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras de detritos foliares e insetos fragmentadores e predadores em seis riachos da região Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A concentração média de Cu acumulada pelos detritos foi de 0,013±0,001 μg.g-1, enquanto que os predadores e fragmentadores acumularam 0,070±0,018 μg.g-1 e 0,077±0,022 μg.g-1, respectivamente. Para Cr, os fragmentadores apresentaram as maiores concentrações (0,753±0,218 μg.g-1) quando comparados aos predadores (0,583±0,169 μg.g-1) e detrito (0,027±0,002 μg.g-1). Para Cd, as concentrações foram maiores nos fragmentadores (0,056±0,021 μg.g-1) quando comparados aos predadores (0,046±0,025 μg.g-1) e detrito (0,004±0,000 μg.g-1). Concluímos que os insetos aquáticos fragmentadores estão acumulando metais pesados a partir da alimentação por detritos foliares, demonstrando, assim, potencial de acumulação de metais, podendo ser utilizados como bioindicadores da contaminação dos ambientes aquáticos por metais pesados.
Utilização de terapias integrativas e complementares em unidades de terapia intensiva: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Vilela dos Santos Karina , Ricardhis Saturnino de Oliveira João
Published: July 2020

Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva de caráter qualitativo realizada a partir da busca na literatura de evidências dos benefícios de terapias complementares e integrativas na redução de sintomas, como dor e constipação, durante o internamento em unidade de terapia intensiva. Os estudos utilizados foram publicados entre 2008 e 2018, em unidades para adultos, pediátricas e neonatal. De uma forma geral, todos os trabalhos encontraram benefícios nas técnicas utilizadas, sendo a massagem e a musicoterapia as mais estudadas. Como benefício, a massagem reduziu quadros álgicos, ansiedade de pacientes pós-cirúrgicos, bem como melhorou a motilidade gastrointestinal. A musicoterapia, ao vivo e a partir de músicas para relaxamento num fone de ouvido, reduziu a ansiedade de pacientes entubados, assim como melhorou a qualidade do sono. Assim, foram levantadas algumas das técnicas complementares e integrativas que podem ser utilizadas por fisioterapeutas para melhorar a qualidade de vida de pacientes durante o internamento em unidades de terapia intensiva.
Perfil e prognóstico de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva através da utilização da escala de APACHE II
Authors: Achiles Denti Irany , Francisco Pigatto Diogo
Published: July 2020

As Unidades de Terapia Intensiva são destinadas a pacientes graves, com instabilidade de sistemas e aparelhos que potencialmente podem levar ao óbito. Para atender a essas demandas, tais unidades estão aparelhadas com equipamentos tecnológicos sofisticados, exigindo dos profissionais capacidade cognitiva diferenciada, assim como disposição para aprender constantemente. Desta forma, são necessárias atividades de avaliação diária e individualizadas para estimar a gravidade para os pacientes internados nessa unidade. Neste sentido, o presente estudo descreve o perfil e gravidade de pacientes em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), através da utilização da Escala de APACHE II. Os dados necessários para e execução do projeto foram coletados no prontuário eletrônico em 2018. Foram avaliadas 50 pessoas com média de idade de 59,76 ± 20,50 anos. O escore APACHE II foi aplicado em um único momento para pacientes em uso de suporte ventilatório mecânico. No entanto, também foi acompanhado o desfecho (alta da unidade ou óbito). O escore APACHE II médio foi de 13,54 ± 4,74 e por esta média o risco de morte pode ser projetado entre 8% e 12% e este mostrou significância estatística p˂0,05 para o desfecho (alta/óbito) correlacionado com os níveis de creatinina e com a Pressão Arterial Média.
Tratamento endodôntico de pré-molar superior com três canais: um relato de caso
Authors: Nádia Boneti Micheli , Caranhato Rafael , Emmanuelli Bruno , Mastella Lang Pauline , Tuchtenhagen Simone , Pietroski Grando Caroline
Published: July 2020

A endodontia é a especialidade dentro da odontologia que se ocupa da prevenção, do diagnóstico e do tratamento de doenças ou lesões da polpa dental. Portanto, é imprescindível o conhecimento anatômico de cada elemento. É importante estar preparado para lidar com possíveis alterações anatômicas, já que 7,5% de pré-molares podem possuir três canais, número que vem crescendo ao longo dos anos. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar o caso de um tratamento endodôntico de um primeiro pré-molar superior com três canais radiculares, descrever a variação anatômica encontrada no primeiro pré-molar superior e discutir como se deve realizar o diagnóstico e o tratamento proposto para casos de primeiros pré-molares com três canais. O relato de caso clínico foi devidamente autorizado pelo paciente, e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Conclui-se que, para não haver a persistência de infecção no sistema de canais radiculares, são necessários a correta identificação e o tratamento. Assim, aumentam-se os índices de sucesso nos tratamentos endodônticos.
Ontogenesis, morphology and higher classification of archaeococcids (Homoptera: Coccinea: Orthezioidea)
Authors: Gavrilov-Zimin I.A.
Published: July 2020

The monograph summarizes original research data and published literature data on reproduction, life cycles, individual development and morphology of scale insects of the superfamily Orthezioidea (archaeococcids). The superfamily system is accepted mainly in its traditional concept, i.e. with four well-defined families: Margarodidae s. l., Ortheziidae, Carayonemidae, and Phenacoleachiidae. The tribe Matsucoccini (Margarodidae s. l.: Xylococcinae s. l.) is considered as a most archaic group of scale insects according to morphological, reproductive and ontogenetic characters. A complicated ontogenesis with an alternation of movable/immovable instars and with arostrate imago of both sexes (as in Matsucoccus Cockerell, 1909 and many other Margarodidae s. l.) is presumed to be initial in scale insect evolution and such ontogenesis is supposed to be an apomorphy of suborder Coccinea. Distribution of different variants of ovoviviparity/viviparity amongst scale insect families is overviewed. It is demonstrated that the evolution of scale insects shows multiple cyclic conversions of oviparous reproduction pattern to ovoviviparous/viviparous ones with the appearance of new and new peculiar adaptations to eggs protection; the most ancient scale insects (Matsucoccini and their ancestor) were probably facultatively ovoviviparous, whereas the origin of the whole neococcid phylogenetic line (Coccoidea s. s.) was probably connected with obligate complete ovoviviparity, which also appeared in some “derived” archaeococcids of the tribe Iceryini (Margarodidae s. l.), in the families Phenacoleachiidae and Carayonemidae. New taxonomic additions and changes in generic composition of some tribes are provided for the family Margarodidae s. l., in its subfamilies Monophlebinae and Callipappinae s. l. The tribe Labioproctini tr. nov. (Monophlebinae) is erected for six genera possessing peculiar quadrilocular wax pores: Aspidoproctus Newstead, 1901, Hemaspidoproctus Morrison, 1927, Labioproctus Green, 1922, Lecaniodrosicha Takahashi, 1930, Misracoccus Rao, 1950, and Walkeriana Signoret, 1876. The presence of quadrilocular pores are considered as a synapomorphic character of the Labioproctini tr. nov. and Ortheziidae. Disputable taxonomic position of Xenococcidae Tang, 1992 is discussed and this family is also placed in Orthezioidea. New genera and species are described and illustrated, based mainly on material collected in the Oriental region: Eremostoma klugei gen. et sp. nov., Crambostoma largecicatricosum gen. et sp. nov. (both in Callipappinae s. l.: Coelostomidiini s. l.), Buchnericoccus reynei sp. nov., Monophlebus neglectus sp. nov. (both in Monophlebinae: Monophlebini), Crypticerya ovivivipara sp. nov., Icerya oculicicatricata sp. nov., I. siamensis sp. nov. (all three in Monophlebinae: Iceryini).
Annotated catalogue of the true bugs (Heteroptera) of Yakutia
Authors: Vinokurov N.N.
Published: July 2020

The catalogue of the Heteroptera of Yakutia, the largest administrative territory of the Russian Federation, located in Eastern Siberia, is based on the richest collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St Petersburg), the collection of the Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yakutsk), and also on published data. A brief description of the nature and climate of Yakutia with colour illustrations of typical landscapes, and a review of the literature on the regional fauna are given. An annotated list includes data about 421 species and 2 subspecies belonging to 199 genera, 28 families, and 6 infraorders. The list of localities includes more than 600 collection points provided with geographic coordinates. For all species and subspecies, points of findings for the geographical subregions of Yakutia (northern, north-western, north-eastern, western, central, south-western, and southern ones), with literature references are given, and point maps of native ranges are compiled. Additional, not published earlier, records from Yakutia are given for the vast majority of taxa; new records from the sudregions of Yakutia are also provided. The catalogue contains 16 illustrations, 3 tables and 423 maps.
An Analysis Of The Potency And Opportunities For The Youth Participation In The Development Of Wiyono Village District Pesawaran Lampung
Authors: Bayu Saputra Juni , Eko Susetyo Banon
Published: July 2020

This research is an exploratory study that wants to study the role of youth in village development in Wiyono Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency. The research is based on the background of the fact that Wiyono Village is a City Village that has many facilities with relatively advanced population, but is still a developing village, not a fast developing village. This is interesting to study to find out what causes it. The research population was all village youths with 32 people drawn from eight hamlets in Wiyono Village. The study was conducted with an exploratory approach using qualitative descriptive methods. The results showed that the potential of Wiyono Village youth was in the high category with a score of 4, while the level of youth participation in village development was in a moderate position with a score of 3. The main cause of the lack of optimal youth participation was the lack of communication between the village government and the youth.
Efektivitas Program Poros Dalam Meningkatkan Pelayanan Publik Di BP3TKI Kabupaten Nunukan Bagi Calon TKI & TKW Pada Tahun 2018
Authors: Priohutomo Nico Abdi , Atmojo Muhammad Eko
Published: July 2020

Dalam melakukan kegiatan pelayanan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidpuan manusia, karena pelayanan sangat dibutuhkan di berbagai aspek kehidupan, Pemerintah mempunyai peranan yang penting untuk menyediakan layanan publik yang prima bagi semua penduduknya sesuai dengan Undang-Undang. Munculnya program poros di BP3TKI ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan para calon TKI dalam mengurus dokumen sebelum keberangkatan sehingga ketika bekerja diluar negeri mereka tidak terkena masalah dokumen, karena selama ini masih banyak buruh migran yang illegal yang berangkat melalui Nunukan tanpa melengkapi dokumentasi seperti KTP, KK dan surat penting lainnya. Program poros yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2018 ini sudah berjalan dengan baik dan sudah dikatakan efektif meskipun mengalami kendala-kendala yang berasal dari jaringan dan pemadaman listrik. Keberhasilan program sudah terlaksana dengan baik sehingga para TKI terbantu dalam mengurus dokumen keberangkatan. Metode ini menggunakan kualitatif yang memiliki karekteristik alami sebagai sumber data yang langsung perwujudan dari sebuah gejala sosial yang berada di dalam masyarakat. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah berupa wawancara dan dokumentasi, yaitu penulis melakukan wawancara dengan Kepala Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Trasmigrasi, Kepala Balai BP3TKI, Kepala seksi Permasyarakatan dan Program dan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia yang mengurus program poros tersebut serta data melalui dokumen data melalui dokumen.
Les politiques budgétaire et monétaire
Authors: Mattret Jean-Bernard
Published: July 2020

Au Japon, aux États-Unis et dans la zone euro, les politiques budgétaire et monétaire constituent les principaux instruments de la politique macroéconomique. Elles visent à réguler l’inflation, l’activité économique et l’emploi. Ces politiques utilisent soit l’instrument du solde budgétaire et de l’emprunt, soit le moyen des taux d’intérêt ou des rachats de titres publics ou privés. La politique budgétaire connaît des limites théoriques, liées à l’effet d’éviction ou au risque de défaut en matière de dette publique. Les limites de la politique monétaire tiennent à la création monétaire et à la « trappe à liquidité ». Les résultats des politiques budgétaire et monétaire sont contrastés : un succès relatif pour maîtriser l’inflation pouvant aller jusqu’à la déflation, un échec partiel pour réguler l’activité économique et l’emploi.
Le renouveau des collectifs budgétaires de fin d’année: un renforcement des pouvoirs du Parlement
Authors: de Vitry Geoffroy , Lechaire Clément
Published: July 2020

Les lois de finances rectificatives de fin d’année ont été dévoyées en comportant de nombreuses dispositions sans relation avec les ajustements de fin de gestion. Le recentrage opéré depuis 2018 est une opportunité pour renforcer les pouvoirs du Parlement dans le contrôle de l’exécution budgétaire.
Des sociétés d’économie mixte locales insuffisamment contrôlées
Authors: Broussolle Yves
Published: July 2020

Dans un rapport publié le 27 mai 2019, la Cour des comptes critique l’économie mixte, dénonçant notamment un manque de contrôle de la part des collectivités locales actionnaires et des risques pour les finances publiques locales. Selon la Cour, les évolutions des SEM, « notamment le développement de la pluriactivité, les pratiques de filialisation ou de prises de participation dans des sociétés commerciales, génèrent des risques de nature financière, juridique ou opérationnelle, susceptibles de les mettre en danger […] ».
Protection sociale complémentaire des fonctionnaires : au-delà des idées reçues…
Authors: Lesueur Jacky
Published: July 2020

Un système de référencement après appel à la concurrence a été mis en place dans la plupart des ministères. Un premier bilan est peu satisfaisant. La loi de transformation de la fonction publique a prévu une nouvelle réforme par voie d’ordonnance qui incite à la vigilance et au dialogue.
Le transfert aux régions de la gestion des fonds structurels européens : un bilan en demi-teinte
Authors: Desprairies Armand
Published: July 2020

La gestion des fonds structurels européens a fait l’objet d’un transfert volontaire de compétences de l’État aux régions par la loi MAPTAM du 27 janvier 2014. Pourtant, ce transfert de compétences est très inégal et se caractérise par la survivance de la tutelle de l’État. En revanche, le transfert de la fonction d’autorité de gestion conduit bien à une responsabilisation accrue de la région au regard des règles strictes d’utilisation des fonds structurels européens.
Posterior intra-articular distraction with cage placement to treat congenital atlantoaxial dislocation associated with basilar invagination
Authors: Duan Wanru , Chou Dean , Jian Fengzeng , Chen Zan
Published: July 2020

Congenital atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) associated with basilar invagination (BI) is a complex congenital malalignment at the craniovertebral junction. The olisthesis, atlantoaxial facet joint arthropathy, and the contraction of the anterior soft tissue make the treatment challenging. Our video demonstrates the surgical technique for posterior intra-articular distraction with cage placement to treat congenital atlantoaxial dislocation associated with basilar invagination.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/7EQqW96HhN8
MRI and tractography techniques to localize the ventral intermediate nucleus and dentatorubrothalamic tract for deep brain stimulation and MR-guided focused ultrasound: a narrative review and update
Authors: Lehman Vance T. , Lee Kendall H. , Klassen Bryan T. , Blezek Daniel J. , Goyal Abhinav , Shah Bhavya R. , Gorny Krzysztof R. , Huston John , Kaufmann Timothy J.
Published: July 2020

The thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) can be targeted for treatment of tremor by several procedures, including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and, more recently, MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS). To date, such targeting has relied predominantly on coordinate-based or atlas-based techniques rather than directly targeting the VIM based on imaging features. While general regional differences of features within the thalamus and some related white matter tracts can be distinguished with conventional imaging techniques, internal nuclei such as the VIM are not discretely visualized. Advanced imaging methods such as quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery (FGATIR) MRI and high-field MRI pulse sequences that improve the ability to image the VIM region are emerging but have not yet been shown to have reliability and accuracy to serve as the primary method of VIM targeting. Currently, the most promising imaging approach to directly identify the VIM region for clinical purposes is MR diffusion tractography.

In this review and update, the capabilities and limitations of conventional and emerging advanced methods for evaluation of internal thalamic anatomy are briefly reviewed. The basic principles of tractography most relevant to VIM targeting are provided for familiarization. Next, the key literature to date addressing applications of DTI and tractography for DBS and MRgFUS is summarized, emphasizing use of direct targeting. This literature includes 1-tract (dentatorubrothalamic tract [DRT]), 2-tract (pyramidal and somatosensory), and 3-tract (DRT, pyramidal, and somatosensory) approaches to VIM region localization through tractography.

The authors introduce a 3-tract technique used at their institution, illustrating the oblique curved course of the DRT within the inferior thalamus as well as the orientation and relationship of the white matter tracts in the axial plane. The utility of this 3-tract tractography approach to facilitate VIM localization is illustrated with case examples of variable VIM location, targeting superior to the anterior commissure–posterior commissure plane, and treatment in the setting of pathologic derangement of thalamic anatomy. Finally, concepts demonstrated with these case examples and from the prior literature are synthesized to highlight several potential advantages of tractography for VIM region targeting.
The current state of electrocorticography-based brain–computer interfaces
Authors: Miller Kai J. , Hermes Dora , Staff Nathan P.
Published: July 2020

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a way for the brain to interface directly with a computer. Many different brain signals can be used to control a device, varying in ease of recording, reliability, stability, temporal and spatial resolution, and noise. Electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes provide a highly reliable signal from the human brain surface, and these signals have been used to decode movements, vision, and speech. ECoG-based BCIs are being developed to provide increased options for treatment and assistive devices for patients who have functional limitations. Decoding ECoG signals in real time provides direct feedback to the patient and can be used to control a cursor on a computer or an exoskeleton. In this review, the authors describe the current state of ECoG-based BCIs that are approaching clinical viability for restoring lost communication and motor function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or tetraplegia. These studies provide a proof of principle and the possibility that ECoG-based BCI technology may also be useful in the future for assisting in the cortical rehabilitation of patients who have suffered a stroke.
A systematic review of endovascular stent-electrode arrays, a minimally invasive approach to brain-machine interfaces
Authors: Soldozy Sauson , Young Steven , Kumar Jeyan S. , Capek Stepan , Felbaum Daniel R. , Jean Walter C. , Park Min S. , Syed Hasan R.
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to systematically review the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive neurovascular approaches to brain-machine interfaces (BMIs).

METHODS

A systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed database for studies published between 1986 and 2019. All studies assessing endovascular neural interfaces were included. Additional studies were selected based on review of references of selected articles and review articles.

RESULTS

Of the 53 total articles identified in the original literature search, 12 studies were ultimately selected. An additional 10 articles were included from other sources, resulting in a total of 22 studies included in this systematic review. This includes primarily preclinical studies comparing endovascular electrode recordings with subdural and epidural electrodes, as well as studies evaluating stent-electrode gauge and material type. In addition, several clinical studies are also included.

CONCLUSIONS

Endovascular stent-electrode arrays provide a minimally invasive approach to BMIs. Stent-electrode placement has been shown to be both efficacious and safe, although further data are necessary to draw comparisons between subdural and epidural electrode measurements given the heterogeneity of the studies included. Greater access to deep-seated brain regions is now more feasible with stent-electrode arrays; however, further validation is needed in large clinical trials to optimize this neural interface. This includes the determination of ideal electrode material type, venous versus arterial approaches, the feasibility of deep brain stimulation, and more streamlined computational decoding techniques.
Anterior retropharyngeal cage distraction with atlantoaxial plate-screw fixation for basilar invagination with atlantoaxial dislocation
Authors: Patkar Sushil
Published: July 2020

The unilateral submandibular anterior retropharyngeal approach in properly selected patients offers the possibility to expose both atlantoaxial joints adequately, abrade the endplates, and graft the joint spaces. The supine position in extension permits the use of wedge-shaped cages, which reduce the invagination and correct the dislocation. Adequate bone stock is available to rigidly fix the joints using an anterior plate-screw construct without any risk to the vertebral arteries. The approach preserves the posterior tension band and the C2 root. The technique is quick, simple, and safe, and results in solid fusion of the joints over time.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/tT6j3Czy6tc
Navigated transoral odontoidectomy to treat congenital basilar invagination after failed posterior reduction and fusion
Authors: Duan Wanru , Chou Dean , Jian Fengzeng , Chen Zan
Published: July 2020

Transoral odontoidectomy is a traditional technique to treat congenital basilar invagination (BI) associated with atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD). Although posterior surgery has been a trend to treat most cases, there are still cases that need to be treated through a transoral approach. In addition, intraoperative modern image-guided navigation systems help identify any remnants of the dens and decrease the risk of vertebral artery injury. For symptomatic cases with a history of previous posterior fusion and severe osteoporosis, transoral odontoidectomy is preferred over a posterior-only approach. Our video demonstrates the surgical technique for transoral revision odontoidectomy to treat congenital basilar invagination associated with atlantoaxial dislocation after previous posterior craniovertebral junction surgery.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/vzcAW8oLcZY
ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ГРЕБЕЛЬ ЗА КОМПЛЕКСАМИ НОРМАТИВНИХ АКТІВ ТА СТАНДАРТІВ З УРАХУВАННЯМ СЕЙСМІЧНИХ ВПЛИВІВ
Authors: Khlapuk M. M. , Shuminskyi V. D. , Dombrovskyi Y. I.
Published: July 2020

В статті розглянуто основні комплекси нормативних актів та стандартів щодо проектування гребель і напірних дамб з ґрунтових матеріалів. Основним документом комплексу нормативних актів щодопроектування гідротехнічних споруд різних типів на сьогоднішнійдень є ДБН В.2.4-3:2010 «Гідротехнічні споруди. Основні положення». Існує система нормативних документів, що включає ДБН В.2.4-20:2014 «Греблі з ґрунтових матеріалів. Основні положення». У цих державних будівельних нормах визначено принципи (загальні положення) і вимоги до проектування, будівництва, експлуатації йреконструкції гребель і напірних дамб з ґрунтових матеріалів приновому будівництві, реконструкції та капітальному ремонті гідротехнічних споруд для об’єктів водного господарства, гідроенергетики, захисту територій від підтоплення і затоплення, складування рідких відходів промислових підприємств тощо, споруд усіх видів і класів наслідків (відповідальності), в тому числі з урахуванням сейсмічних впливів.Використання комплексу щодо гребель і напірних дамб з ґрунтовихматеріалів державних будівельних норм дозволяє здійснювати їхпроектування, будівництво, експлуатацію і реконструкцію в складних інженерно-геологічних умовах з врахуванням сейсмічнихвпливів, спостереження за спорудами та охорону довкілля.
ЗАДАЧА З ІМПУЛЬСНОЮ ДІЄЮ ДЛЯ ОДНОГО РІВНЯННЯ КОЛИВАНЬ СТРУНИ
Authors: Prokhorenko M. V. , Prokhorenko S. V. , Moroz M. V. , Solіak L. V.
Published: July 2020

Досліджено процес коливання струни з імпульсною дією при досягненні енергії коливання струни заданого критичного рівня. Визначено умови існування розв’язків, для яких імпульсна дія відбувається нескінчену кількість разів та записано вигляд розв’язків.
РОЗПОДІЛЕНЕ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ДАНИХ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ЗАВАДОСТІЙКОГО КОДУВАННЯ
Authors: Dzhoshi A.
Published: July 2020

Проведено огляд теоретичних відомостей з теорії інформації та кодування, аналіз сучасних завадостійких кодів на предмет їх застосовності для збереження даних. Проаналізовано доцільність створення розподіленого сховища даних, основним механізмом збереження інформації якого є завадостійке кодування Ріда-Соломона.
Frieden durch Recht und Öffentlichkeit: Die Hoffnungen und Verwirrungen der ersten Utilitaristen
Authors: Rimoux Frédéric
Published: July 2020

The international thought of the early utilitarian thinkers Jeremy Bentham and James Mill remains little known and largely misunderstood. Most commentators give them a superficial appreciation or criticize their supposed naivety, in both cases mostly assuming that Mill borrowed his
thoughts from Bentham's writings alone. This questionable reception overlooks some essential aspects of Bentham's and Mill's extensive reflections on war and peace, in particular their constant effort to overcome the tension between individual freedom and collective security. In reality, the
fertile dialogue between the two thinkers gradually crystallized into an independent utilitarian peace theory centered on law and public opinion as instruments of an ambitious reform of international relations according to the principle of utility. They managed to elaborate a fragile synthesis
between liberal principles and considerations of political realism, which grants their utilitarian peace theory a singular place in the historical efforts to systematically define the conditions of world peace.
Differences of Preparation Examination Methods for the Number of Acid-Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Dewu Sherly , Bala Rahmahsari , Kambuno Norma Tiku
Published: July 2020

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which transmission is sputum less micro-discharge issued by an infected patient. The examination of tuberculosis in acid-resistant bacteria is recommended by WHO using the Ziehl Neelsen method. The objective of this study is to determine the differences in the way the preparations were examined for the number of acid-resistant bacteria. This research is a cross-sectional design laboratory experimental research. The study was conducted in June-July 2018. The examination was conducted microscopically using the Ziehl Neelsen method. The inspection procedure is performed on direct preparations and indirectly checked. The results of the study conducted showed that there was no significant difference in the number of acid-resistant bacteria (p-value = 0.758). It was concluded that the results of examining the number of positive acid-resistant bacteria in direct and indirect preparations examined did not affect the results of the number of bacteria on the microscopic examination of positive acid-resistant bacteria. It is recommended for further studies on the use of uniformed samples for the making of preparations using one of the samples at any time.
Investigation of Women Employees in Family Health Centers of Eskişehir Province about Normal Birth and Caesarean Birth
Authors: Geçer Türkan
Published: July 2020

The rate of caesarean delivery has been rising both in developed countries and developing countries, while there is no benefit evidence of caesarean section when it done with no clinical indication which is normally linked with caesarean delivery. Education and information about normal births can significantly reduce caesarean rates and switch women's preferences in giving birth to normal and physiological delivery. This study aimed to learn the opinions of female employees in Eskişehir family health centers about normal and caesarean births, to determine important points and develop suggestions for these methods. The population of the study was 170 working women. Factor analysis, 16 items normal birth, and caesarean delivery scale were gathered under one factor, and this single factor explained 36.775% of the total variance. Results showed that when item-total correlation values of normal birth and caesarean section were examined, it was found that item-total correlation values of 16 items in the scale were between 0.407 and 0.759. When item scores were examined, it was determined that there was consistency between the items. This research has shown that the majority of female workers prefer to giving births by caesarean section, while there is no clinical indication and they are suggested to normal delivery. As a result of the established DFA model, the fit indexes of the model were found to be among the perfect fit values (x2/df=65.26/25≤3).
Effect of vitamin D on immune response of respiratory system against influenzas and COVID-19: A review
Authors: Hashemi Payam , Mirmiranpour Hossein , Pezeshki Shaghayegh
Published: July 2020

Vitamin D could decrease the risk of viral infections with regulation of the immune system response against viral activity. Proper level of 25(OH)D decreases the risk of chronic respiratory tract infections (RTIs), malignancies, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D can decrease risk of RTIs through some mechanisms. Adequate levels of vitamin D can decrease the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines which predominantly release from innate immune cells. It also can preserve tight junctions in the base membrane. Vitamin D may eliminate enveloped viruses by activating cathelicidin (a protein in the membrane of neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells). These processes can reduce the risk of a cytokine storm and severe pneumonia. Clinical trials have shown the beneficial influences of vitamin D in decreasing the risk of viral pneumonia, dengue fever, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and herpes infections.Keywords: Vitamin D, influenza, covid-19, innate immune cells, infections
FACTORS AFFECTING THE USE OF E-MONEY (STUDY ON E-MONEY USER IN CITY OF SOUTH TANGERANG)
Authors: Widiyati Dian , Hasanah Neneng
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the use of e-money. The type of study is a quantitative method questionnaires distributed in soft copy (Google Form). The samples included 107 people who lived in the city of South Tangerang, Banten. Samples are taken by simple random sampling technique. The analytical method used is the analysis of multiple data processing using E-Views 8. The results of this experiment show that the variables of Perceived Benefit and Compatibility does not affect the use of e-money, while Perceived Usefulness variables influence the use of e-money and also, Perceived of Benefit, Compatibility and Perceived Usefulness affect on the use of e-money together.
KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL SEBAGAI OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA DALAM UPAYA MENDAPATKAN KREDIT PADA LEMBAGA KEUANGAN
Authors: Purwaningsih Endang , Chikmawati Nurul Fajri , Anisariza Nelly Ulfah
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk  mengkaji   policy dan  regulasi dalam pelaksanaan fidusia HKI di Indonesia, dan  mengkaji  dukungan serta peran pemerintah, lembaga keuangan dan SDM terkait terhadap fidusia Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian normatif yakni menekankan pada data sekunder dalam mengkaji asas-asas hukum positif serta unsur yang berhubungan dengan obyek penelitian, didukung wawancara dan pengamatan lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan literary study dan didukung dengan in depth interview,  dengan statute approach dan historical approach, dan futuristik approach sehingga data  akan diperoleh baik dari kepustakaan, maupun wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan Pertama, terkait policy dan regulasi dalam pelaksanaan fidusia HKI di Indonesia belum disebutkan secara eksplisit KI termasuk dalam obyek jaminan Fidusia, namun sedang diusulkan untuk merevisi UU Fidusia terkait pengembangan obyek jaminan agar KI terwadahi  Kedua, dukungan dan peran pemerintah, lembaga keuangan dan SDM terkait terhadap fidusia HKI belum maksimal, namun sangat diperlukan utamanya peran OJK dan Perbankan, agar mendukung terlaksananya fidusia KI dalam mendapatkan kredit.
Pengujian Performa dan Tingkat Stress pada Website Legalisir Ijasah Online Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Authors: Listartha I Made Edy
Published: July 2020

Perkembangan teknologi memberikan sololusi terhadap masalah geografis dan mengurangi faktor human error dalam melakukan legalisir ijazah. Kelebihan ini menjadi dasar acuan bagi Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha untuk menerapakan aplikasi karena memiliki banyak alumnus yang tidak hanya berhasal dari wilayah sekitar. Aplikasi ini diluncurkan mulai tanggal 4 Nopember 2019 dengan alamat https://legalisir.undiksha.ac.id. Penelitian ini melakukan pengujian terhadap layanan dengan menguji performa akses website, kecepatan dari server dan menguji sistem saat terjadi akses dalam jumlah tinggi. Pengujian ini berfokus dengan menggunakan beberapa aplikasi berbasis website yaitu GTmetrix, dan LoadImpact (k6.io) dengan menggunan server cloud yang mereka miliki untuk mendapatkan hasil yang akurat. Pengujian pertama dengan aplikasi GTmetrix menghasilkan nilai performa untuk PageSpeed dengan nilai F (47%) dan YSlow dengan nilai E (53%) dan mendapatkan memiliki waktu pengaksesan 2.5 detik, total ukuran halaman yang dituju adalah 1.22MB. Untuk hasil pengujian beban mendapatkan hasil simulasi terjadinya request sebanyak 55.138 dengan rincial kegagalan yaitu 0, jumlah tertinggi request yang dapat dilakukan perdetik adalah 87 dan dengan rata-rata respon waktu yang didapatkan adalah 87.84 mili detik. Penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan sistem legalisir Undiksha tergolong baik karena memiliki waktu loading dibawah 3 detik sesuai refensi karena didukung dengan implementasi server yang handal.
SIMULASI SENSOR PENGISIAN BAK MANDI MENGGUNAKAN TIMER BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER
Authors: Setyawati Endang , Setyawan Antonius Ary , Sudiono Pance
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan pengisian bak mandi secara efektif dan efesien. Sensor pengisian bak mandi menggunakan timer berbasis mikrokontroler AT89S51. Software yang digunakan untuk membuat program sensor pengisian bak mandi menggunakan timer adalah bahasa pemrogaman assemby (assembler) dan software SPSS 13.0 for Windows untuk analisis data. Pada penelitian ini dibuat suatu sistem (Modul Microcontroller) untuk mengisi bak mandi secara otomatis menggunakan Microcontroller AT89S51. Dalam hal ini, sensor timer dalam pengisian bak mandi dapat digunakan dengan mudah, menghasilkan informasi yang sama tanpa kesalahan walaupun dipakai berulang kali, serta memiliki tampilan yang menarik dan pemakaiannya tidak merepotkan. Hasil pengembangan produk dari metode eksperimental sensor pengisian bak mandi menggunakan timer dapat memperkecil terjadinya pengisian bak mandi yang tidak terkontrol. Sensor timer pengisian bak mandi dibangun dengan menggunakan konsep kecerdasan buatan (Artifical Intelegence) khususnya dalam bidang penggerak. Sensor ini memiliki tujuh kinerja produk yang akan diuji dengan enam Atribut Of Quality For Goods. Pelaksanaan uji manfaat dilakukan terhadap responden dengan kemanfaatan hasil penelitian menggunakan alat bantu kuisioner yang berisi 16 pertanyaan yang mewakili 4 aspek yaitu Useability, Learnability, Efficiensy, dan Acceptability. Jawaban dari responden hasilnya 8.75 artinya bahwa kinerja dari hasil penelitian uji manfaat layak diterapkan dan mudah digunakan bagi user
PENERAPAN METODE LEARNING VECTOR QUANTIZATION UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI PENYAKIT PADI BERDASARKAN BENTUK BERCAK DAUN
Authors: Murniyasih Ery , Suryani Luluk
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan : (1). Membuat suatu aplikasi untuk identifikasi jenis penyakit pada tanaman padi berdasarkan bentuk bercak daun padi.;(2). Menerapkan metode Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) pada identifikasi penyakit tanaman padi. Pada tahapan learning dan testing pada LVQ citra diproses menjadi Grayscale, Thresholding, dan segmentasi. Di tahap pelatihan, metode LVQ digunakan untuk menentukan bobot, target error, max epoch, dan laju pelatihan (Learning rate). Data yang dijadikan sebagai input adalah citra identifikasi jenis penyakit tanaman padi berdasarkan bentuk bercak daun padi  yaitu dengan ukuran piksel 95x35 dan berekstensi BITMAP (.bmp). Standar keberhasilan sistem identifikasi ini adalah menghitung nilai Termination Error Rate dan tingkat keakuratan dalam identifikasi bentuk bercak daun. Dari simulasi ini diperoleh struktur Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan dengan jumlah nilai learning rate 0,02 dan jumlah epoch sebesar 5 kali. Sistem yang terbentuk mampu mengenali citra yang berisi bentuk bercak daun yang digunakan sebagai bobot dengan nilai keakuratan optimum yaitu 73,33% dengan komposisi penyakit bercak coklat (BC) 20 %, Blast  20 % dan cercak cercospora 33,33%.
PROTOTYPE RANCANGAN PRINTER 3D DENGAN SMART LCD BERBASIS ARDUINO MEGA 2560 MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI FUSED FILAMENT FABRICATION
Authors: Saptono Marcell Petrus , Fuad Romdani Paris
Published: July 2020

Dalam Pembangunan system industry 4.0 salah satu yang menopang pembangunan adalah teknologi 3D Printing. Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah merancang mesin Printer 3D dengan Microkontroller Arduino MEGA 2560, RAMPS 1.4 Shield, Motor stepper NEMA 17, DVR8825 motor driver, Filament PLA, E3D v6 HotEnd, Memory Card, Smart LCD. Konstruksi rangka rancang bangun alat Printing 3D dengan melakukan perakitan rangka mesin printing 3D, Motor Stepper Mesin 3D, Limit Endstop XYZ, dudukan exstruder, dudukan bed, perakitan HotEnd untuk heater pemanas. Proses pencetakan dapat terhubung dengan PC atau menggunakan dukungan memory card, dan instruksi pengoperasian ditampilkan dalam monitor LCD. Penelitian ini menghasilkan printer 3D berbasis Arduino dengan teknologi FFF  (Fused Filament Fabrication) yang akan memudahkan pengguna dalam mengoperasikan printer 3D dengan layar LCD dan Pencetakan tidak harus selalu terbuhung dengan PC karena menggunakan memory card yang dapat menyimpan file dan menghasilkan pencetakan yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini  menggunakan metode penelitian model Linier Sequential Model (LSM). Model ini sering disebut dengan “Classic Life Cycle” atau model waterfall. Metode ini terdiri 5 tahapan yang berulang yaitu tahap analisis studi literatur, tahap desain/perancangan sistem, tahap perakitan hardware, tahap pengkodean, dan tahap pengujian (Pressman, R.S, 2012).
An empirical analysis of financial fair-play: The case of Russian Premier League
Authors: Özaydın Selçuk
Published: July 2020

The real impact of financial fair play (FFP) came along with the break-even rule which prevents clubs from over-spending through a variety of sanctions. As UEFA limited clubs’ expenses with their incomes, the transfer market took a hit. This paper demonstrates the impact of FFP on Russian Premier League teams’ transfer activity, examines how transfers’ demography and career profiles changed and investigates the changes in competitive balance after break-even. A regression discontinuity design is conducted in order to estimate the policy impact. The empirical results suggest that Russian clubs have been severely affected by break-even in terms of transfer expenditure and balance and started to transfer more U21 players and players from lesser leagues of the world. Furthermore, competitive balance in the Russian Premier League deteriorated in favor of the giants in the league as a result of break-even.
Delineating market boundaries in the Russian mass notification market: An application of critical loss analysis
Authors: Katsoulacos Yannis , Pavlova Natalia S. , Shastitko Andrey E.
Published: July 2020

Telecom companies are a frequent target of antitrust investigations in Russia. In an industry where services tend to become more and more complex and companies actively invest in diversifying their businesses, the antitrust authority in most of its telecom cases has chosen to define markets narrowly, which increases antitrust risks for the companies. This paper uses poll data on mass SMS notifications — a market in recently investigated by the FAS Russia — to demonstrate, using critical loss analysis, that the market should be defined in broader terms. In particular, the main empirical finding is that the relevant product market boundaries should cover not only SMS, but also email, messengers and push and voice notifications.
An analysis of EU FDI inflow into Russia
Authors: Domínguez-Jiménez Marta , Poitiers Niclas Frederic
Published: July 2020

This paper analyzes the trends and drivers of inward foreign direct investment in Russia between 2009 and 2019. The EU is the premier provider of FDI into Russia, even though we find that reported values overstate its role given the use of Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). Key drivers of Russian FDI flows are the price of oil and natural resource markets, macroeconomic volatility, monetary policy, sanctions and trade impediments. As FDI is highly concentrated in natural resource rich regions, we argue that a sectoral decomposition understates the importance of fossil fuel extraction. Based on this analysis as well as the literature on growth effects of FDI, we argue that Russia needs more investment into higher-value added activities.