bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZING PHASE COMPRESSION FOR TRANSIT SIGNAL PRIORITY AT ISOLATED INTERSECTIONS
Authors: Hua Xuedong , Wang Wei , Wang Yinhai , Pu Ziyuan
Published: December 2017

Transit signal priority (TSP) is a promising low-cost strategy that gives preferential treatments for the buses to go through intersections with minimum delay time. In this paper, a new TSP control model was presented for isolated intersections to minimize bus delay and to reduce the impact of TSP on other vehicles by optimizing signal control phase selection and compression. This paper starts with the phase selection and compression strategies to provide treatments to bus priority requests. Then, two new features on phase selection and compression aspects are applied to TSP, i.e. the time that a bus priority request needs is provided by the phase(s) with the lowest traffic volume, and multi-phases can be selected to serve a bus request. Field data are collected from a major traffic corridor in Changzhou (China) and applied for VISSIM simulation. The proposed TSP control model as well as the fixed-time control and the conventional TSP control models are tested and compared under different traffic demands, headways and maximum saturation degrees. The comparative results showed that the proposed model outperformed the conventional TSP control model in terms of reducing bus delay, minimizing the impact on other vehicles and reducing the stop rate for buses. This paper reveals that, the proposed TSP strategy can significantly optimize the phase compression process and improve transit efficiency.
Conditions for Optimal Growth of Black Hole Seeds
Authors: Pacucci Fabio , Natarajan Priyamvada , Volonteri Marta , Cappelluti Nico , Urry C. Megan
Published: December 2017

Supermassive black holes weighing up to ∼109
M
⊙ are in place by z ∼ 7, when the age of the universe is ≲1 Gyr. This implies a time crunch for their growth, since such high masses cannot be easily reached in standard accretion scenarios. Here, we explore the physical conditions that would lead to optimal growth wherein stable super-Eddington accretion would be permitted. Our analysis suggests that the preponderance of optimal conditions depends on two key parameters: the black hole mass and the host galaxy central gas density. In the high-efficiency region of this parameter space, a continuous stream of gas can accrete onto the black hole from large to small spatial scales, assuming a global isothermal profile for the host galaxy. Using analytical initial mass functions for black hole seeds, we find an enhanced probability of high-efficiency growth for seeds with initial masses ≳104
M
⊙. Our picture suggests that a large population of high-z lower-mass black holes that formed in the low-efficiency region, with low duty cycles and accretion rates, might remain undetectable as quasars, since we predict their bolometric luminosities to be ≲1041 erg s−1. The presence of these sources might be revealed only via gravitational wave detections of their mergers.
Afterglows and Kilonovae Associated with Nearby Low-luminosity Short-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts: Application to GW170817/GRB 170817A
Authors: Xiao Di , Liu Liang-Duan , Dai Zi-Gao , Wu Xue-Feng
Published: December 2017

Very recently, the gravitational-wave (GW) event GW170817 was discovered to be associated with the short gamma-ray burst (GRB) 170817A. Multi-wavelength follow-up observations were carried out, and X-ray, optical, and radio counterparts to GW170817 were detected. The observations undoubtedly indicate that GRB 170817A originates from a binary neutron star merger. However, the GRB falls into the low-luminosity class that could have a higher statistical occurrence rate and detection probability than the normal (high-luminosity) class. This implies the possibility that GRB 170817A is intrinsically powerful, but we are off-axis and only observe its side emission. In this Letter, we provide a timely modeling of the multi-wavelength afterglow emission from this GRB and the associated kilonova signal from the merger ejecta, under the assumption of a structured jet, a two-component jet, and an intrinsically less-energetic quasi-isotropic fireball, respectively. Comparing the afterglow properties with the multi-wavelength follow-up observations, we can distinguish between these three models. Furthermore, a few model parameters (e.g., the ejecta mass and velocity) can be constrained.
Testing the Effect of Aggressive Beverage on the Damage of Enamel Structure
Authors: Lutovac Mitar , Popova Olga V. , Macanovic Gordana , Kristina Radoman , Lutovac Bojana , Ketin Sonja , Biocanin Rade
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND: Dental erosion is a common problem in modern societies, owing to the increased consumption of acid drinks such as soft drinks, sports drinks, fruit juice. Examining the enamel surface with the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) enables more precise registering and defining the changes of enamel surface structure and microhardness. This method can be used to compare the efficiency of application of different preventive and therapy materials and medicaments in dentistry. The chronic regular consumption of low pH cola drinks encouraged the erosion of the teeth. The loss of anatomy and sensitivity are direct results of acid cola dissolving coronal tooth material. Under the influence of coca cola, a change of crystal structure and nanomorphology on enamel surface occurs.AIM: This paper reflects dental damage from abusive cola drinking, and the clinical presentation can be explained from data presented in this thesis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial was conducted on a total of 40 extracted teeth which were divided into two groups treated with the solution of coca cola during 5 minutes, and then prepared and tested with a standard AFM procedure, type SPM-5200. Quantitative analysis was performed by comparing the roughness parameters (Ra) of the treated and non-treated sample.RESULTS: Based on the test of a hypothesis of the existence of differences between the treated and untreated sample, with an application of a t-test, it is shown that there are statistically highly significant differences between Ra of the treated sample with a 5-minute treatment of coca cola and Ra of the same sample without the treatment.CONCLUSION: Use of AFM enables successful monitoring of changes on enamel surface as well as the interpretation of the ultrastructural configuration of the crystal stage and the damage created under the influence of different external factors.
Management, Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Acetylcholinesterase as a Biomarker of the Toxic Effects of Pesticides in People Occupationally Exposed
Authors: Lutovac Mitar , Popova Olga V. , Jovanovic Zoran , Berisa Hatidza , Kristina Radoman , Ketin Sonja , Bojic Marko
Published: December 2017

AIM: The paper presents research on the most common causes of exposure that leads to disorders of cholinesterase activity, as well as an overview of the results of cholinesterase activity with the poisoned people.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a group of 35 acute poisoned patients by organophosphate compounds has led to inhibition of AchE. A total number of examined workers are 175 in the chemical industry and agricultural production in the area of Rasina District-Serbia.RESULTS: The results showed that among workers who are constantly exposed to pesticides, acetylcholinesterase is within the reference value. Having examined the medical records of these workers, it is noted that, at 72%, there is a slight fall of AchE activity, each year. The workers who had been exposed to pesticides at the time of testing had acetylcholinesterase regarding reference value, but 52% of them had a few years ago significantly reduced the value of the activity of acetylcholinesterase, which was treated and then transferred to other jobs. The 48% of these workers had acetylcholinesterase regarding benchmarks or were transferred to other jobs, for a variety of other health problems.CONCLUSION: Using each pesticide should only deal with people who are well versed in the way of its use, as well as the way of protecting them from poisoning.
Predictors of Persistent Pain After Fixation of Distal Clavicle Fractures in an Active Military Population
Authors: Lanier Paul J. , Speirs Joshua , Koehler Logan , Bader Julia , Abdelgawad Amr , Waterman Brian R.
Published: December 2017

Patients who undergo open reduction and internal fixation of distal clavicle fractures have a high rate of hardware removal and persistence of symptoms, particularly when attempting to return to high-demand activities. This study evaluated the outcomes of military servicemembers after surgical treatment of distal clavicle fractures. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of active duty servicemembers who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of Neer type II distal clavicle fractures between October 17, 2007, and July 20, 2012, with a minimum of 2-year clinical follow-up. The electronic health record was queried to extract demographic features and clinical outcomes, primarily persistence of pain, removal of hardware, and postoperative return to high-level activity. A total of 48 patients were identified, with mean follow-up of 3.8 years. A total of 44% of patients underwent subsequent hardware removal. All fractures achieved radiographic union, and 35% of patients had persistence of symptoms. Patients who were treated with hook plating had a 3.64-fold higher risk of persistence of pain compared with those treated with conventional plating techniques. A total of 35% of patients successfully returned to full military function and completed a postoperative military deployment. Coracoclavicular reconstruction did not improve outcomes. Persistence of symptoms and requirement for hardware removal were not associated with the rate of postoperative deployment. Achieving excellent functional outcomes with open reduction and internal fixation of distal clavicle fractures remains a challenge. Where possible, conventional plate fixation should be considered over hook plate fixation. However, subsequent hardware removal and continuing shoulder pain do not preclude a return to high-level activity. [
Orthopedics.
2018; 41(1):e117–e126.]
Un retrato biográfico de dos escultores en la sombra: los hermanos Miguel Jerónimo y Jerónimo Francisco García (1576-1639/1644)
Authors: García Luque Manuel
Published: December 2017

Se elabora una primera aproximación biográfica de los escultores granadinos Miguel Jerónimo y Jerónimo Francisco García, aportando una serie de documentos inéditos como sus partidas de bautismo y defunción y el testamento del primero de ellos. Asimismo, se aportan una serie de noticias y piezas desconocidas que perfilan con mayor nitidez el carácter y alcance de su obra en terracota, clave en la transición del manierismo al primer naturalismo en la escultura andaluza.
Los años fundacionales de la Compañía de Jesús en Valladolid
Authors: Burrieza Sánchez Javier
Published: December 2017

Estudio sobre la instalación de la Compañía de Jesús en Valladolid, incidiendo en la importancia de la creación de instituciones dedicadas a la enseñanza, así como su influencia en la vida de esta parte de Castilla por su labor religiosa y educativa.
Manuscritos sobre la expulsion y el exilio de los jesuitas (1767-1815)
Authors: Fernández Arrillaga Inmaculada
Published: December 2017

Repaso de los textos que se escriben sobre la controvertida decisión de expulsar a la Compañía de Jesús de España. Se hace un recorrido por los principales textos jesuíticos, que tienen una clara intención de rebatir los argumentos establecidos por la publicista oficial sobre el tema.
La Biblioteca del Colegio de Jesuitas de Albacete en el trance de la expulsión (1767)
Authors: García Gómez M.ª Dolores
Published: December 2017

Regesto de la composición de la biblioteca del Colegio de Jesuitas de Albacete, donde aparecen diferentes colecciones de libros allí conservados en los siglos XVII y XVIII. Por medio de este inventario se reflexiona sobre la evolución intelectual de la orden en estas centurias.
Eficaz cooperación de la Iglesia de Ávila en la instauración renovadora del Obispado de Málaga
Authors: González Sánchez Vidal
Published: December 2017

Cuando en el año 1487 la tierra de Málaga y su antiguo obispado retomaban al ámbito de la Cristiandad mediante el esfuerzo bélico que pusieron en marcha los Reyes Católicos, alentados por la Sede Apostólica que lo elevó a rango de Cruzada, la sede episcopal abulense se hallaba regida por el benemérito prelado Fray Hernando de Talavera. Aunque fray Hernando de Talavera no nunca fue obispo de Málaga, fue, sin embargo, un personaje benefactor de esta Iglesia. Él puso los cimientos de lo que luego llegó a ser un obispado insigne por la categoría de muchos de sus prelados. Por todo lo expuesto, no es ilógico proclamar que la Iglesia de Ávila jugó un papel importante en la acción misional de la instauración del obispado de Málaga.
Relaciones Iglesia-Estado. El Concordato de 1753
Authors: Martínez Jiménez Mª Josefa
Published: December 2017

Estudio del Patronato Real en la época de Fernando VI por medio del referido concordato, en el que se describe la capacidad del rey para controlar la distribución de los nombramientos y los beneficios que se conceden.
Felipe II, Trento y la diócesis de Málaga
Authors: Reder Gadow Marion
Published: December 2017

Análisis sobre la implantación de las disposiciones emanadas del Concilio de Trento en Málaga por medio de la documentación conservada en el Archivo de la Catedral.
Las cofradías de la Vera Cruz en el reino de Navarra (siglos XVI-XVIII)
Authors: Silanes Susaeta Gregorio
Published: December 2017

Las primeras cofradías de la Vera Cruz se fundan en el reino de Navarra en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, en aplicación de las disposiciones del Concilio de Trento. En estas páginas se describe su forma de organización y los principales cometidos que realiza.
Trento y el marco institucional de las órdenes religiosas femeninas en la Edad Moderna
Authors: Soriano Triguero Carmen
Published: December 2017

El Concilio de Trento establece una reforma general de la organización de la Iglesia Católica, que afecta de una manera especial a los conventos religiosos femeninos. Estos cambios depararon una evolución dentro de estos cenobios. La autora estudia su influencia en las diferentes órdenes religiosas.
La iglesia y la educación en la ciudad de Málaga en el siglo XVI
Authors: Soto Artuñedo Wenceslao
Published: December 2017

Las instituciones eclesiásticas en la educación de la población malagueña resultan especialmente importantes por el fracaso de la fundación de una universidad en la ciudad.
Bilbao, una diócesis de cincuenta años
Authors: Barroso Arahuetes Anabella
Published: December 2017

La diócesis de Bilbao es de las últimas que se funda en la España eclesiástica, por lo que el presente estudio es un recorrido sistemático por toda su existencia. En él se marcan las diferentes vicisitudes que atraviesa, incidiendo en los problemas de la falta de clero en las últimas décadas
La formación intelectual seminarística del clero madrileño a través del Boletín Diocesano (1925-1975)
Authors: Bartolomé Martínez Bernabé
Published: December 2017

El presente trabajo trata de poner de manifiesto cómo cualquiera de los boletines diocesanos se nos presenta, en primer término, como una auténtica historia de la vida seminarial. En el caso concreto de Madrid, en el que ha sido necesario parcelar el tiempo, se pueden historiar los elementos disciplinares, religiosos, económicos y académicos. En nuestro caso, nos hemos limitado a analizar estos últimos.
Progreso y tradición en la iglesia posconciliar de León
Authors: Fernández Fernández Gerardo
Published: December 2017

Estudio de la evolución de la diócesis leonesa durante la época en la que es regida por Luis Almarcha Hernández, época en la que se produce una cierta contestación ante algunas de las disposiciones que se adoptan sobre el clero.
General Overview of Autonomous Forward-Deployed Systems and Their Energy Needs
Authors: Meggitt Dallas J. , Bullock Michèle
Published: December 2017

AbstractForward-deployed and remote sensor systems all require persistent, autonomous, reliable in situ sources of energy. There are several different classes of forward-deployed systems, each of which typically has a different range of energy requirements. Some of
these systems are buoys; others are bottom-laid. Several such systems are being developed for a variety of scientific and military applications, including, for example, (1) remote systems with a single or small number of sensors; (2) networked scientific sensor systems (Undersea Distributed
Networks); (3) low-power, forward-deployed surveillance systems with many sensors; and (4) forward-deployed communications relay systems. Energy requirements for these systems depend on several factors, including overall energy requirements, mission duration, duty cycle, observability, and
fixed or mobile system. Many previous and current forward-deployed systems have depended on batteries for energy, but batteries are limited in the amount of energy they can store unless they can be recharged or replaced. Some previous systems have used diesel, sometimes in combination with
solar panels and battery backups, but solar panels degrade and lose efficiency with salt encrustation, corrosion, and bird excrement. Recent developments in reliable, scalable wave energy technology, together with relatively efficient energy storage technologies, offer the opportunity for
application of these technologies for providing autonomous power to remote sensor systems. This paper describes several remote sensor systems, reviews and summarizes energy requirements for these systems, and provides in situ wave energy system concepts to meet these requirements. The
paper focuses on wave energy as being closest to practical implementation of current renewable energy technologies.
Identifying Information Resources for Patients in the Intensive Care Unit and Their Families
Authors: Schnock Kumiko O. , Ravindran Sucheta S. , Fladger Anne , Leone Kathleen , Williams Donna M. , Dwyer Cynthia L. , Vu Thanh-Giang , Thornton Kevin , Gazarian Priscilla
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Providing information to patients in intensive care units and their families is challenging. Patients often are admitted unexpectedly and experience stress and uncertainty. One source of stress has been identified as unclear, uncoordinated, or inconsistent communication and information. Despite the need for information, no centrally located, easily accessible, standardized intensive care unit education content exists.

OBJECTIVE

To identify educational content for patients in the intensive care unit and their families across 4 different hospitals, develop a general content database, and organize the general content into a framework for education of patients and their families.

METHODS

Educational content for patients in the intensive care units of 4 participating hospitals was collected and a gap analysis was performed.

RESULTS

Key content format and categories were identified. Educational content was organized into an information pathway divided into 3 phases: intensive care unit arrival; understanding the intensive care unit and partnering in care; and intensive care unit transitions. The gap analysis revealed substantial variation in content format and categories.

CONCLUSIONS

Structuring a digital learning center using different stages of the patient’s stay in the intensive care unit and placing resources in the context of an information pathway can help coordinate education for these patients and their families, and creates a consistent communication guide for clinicians as well. The optimal digital format should be considered in designing the learning center.
A High-Throughput Real-Time Imaging Technique To Quantify NETosis and Distinguish Mechanisms of Cell Death in Human Neutrophils
Authors: Gupta Sarthak , Chan Diana W. , Zaal Kristien J. , Kaplan Mariana J.
Published: December 2017

Neutrophils play a key role in host defenses and have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by various mechanisms, including formation of neutrophil extracellular traps through a recently described distinct form of programmed cell death called NETosis. Techniques to assess and quantitate NETosis in an unbiased, reproducible, and efficient way are lacking, considerably limiting the advancement of research in this field. We optimized and validated, a new method to automatically quantify the percentage of neutrophils undergoing NETosis in real time using the IncuCyte ZOOM imaging platform and the membrane-permeability properties of two DNA dyes. Neutrophils undergoing NETosis induced by various physiological stimuli showed distinct changes, with a loss of multilobulated nuclei, as well as nuclear decondensation followed by membrane compromise, and were accurately counted by applying filters based on fluorescence intensity and nuclear size. Findings were confirmed and validated with the established method of immunofluorescence microscopy. The platform was also validated to rapidly assess and quantify the dose-dependent effect of inhibitors of NETosis. In addition, this method was able to distinguish among neutrophils undergoing NETosis, apoptosis, or necrosis based on distinct changes in nuclear morphology and membrane integrity. The IncuCyte ZOOM platform is a novel real-time assay that quantifies NETosis in a rapid, automated, and reproducible way, significantly optimizing the study of neutrophils. This platform is a powerful tool to assess neutrophil physiology and NETosis, as well as to swiftly develop and test novel neutrophil targets.
Editorial
Authors: Abrahams Mark
Published: December 2017

No abstract available.
Lecture two: The evolution of morality: The emergence of personhood
Authors: Van Huyssteen J. Wentzel
Published: December 2017

In a series of three articles, presented at the Goshen Annual Conference on Science and Religion in 2015, with the theme ‘Interdisciplinary Theology and the Archeology of Personhood’, J. Wentzel van Huyssteen considers the problem of human evolution – also referred to as ‘the archaeology of personhood’ – and its broader impact on theological anthropology. This trajectory of lectures tracks a select number of challenging contemporary proposals for the evolution of crucially important aspects of human personhood. Lecture Two argues that, on a postfoundationalist view, some of our religious beliefs are indeed more plausible and credible than others. This also goes for our tendency to moralise and for the strong moral convictions, we often hold. It demonstrates that, in spite of a powerful focus on the evolutionary origins of moral awareness, ethics emerge on a culturally autonomous level, which means that the epistemic standing of the particular moral judgements human beings make is independent of whatever the natural sciences can says about their genesis.
О некоторых неравенствах для собственных значений потенциала Рисса
Authors: Kal'menov Tynysbek Sharipovich , Suragan Durvudkhan
Published: December 2017

В работе доказывается, что среди всех областей с одинаковой
мерой, шар максимизирует первое собственное значение потенциала
Рисса. Показано, что сумма квадратов всех собственных значений
в шаре также максимизируется среди всех областей с мерой равной
мере шара.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Подгруппы групп Шевалле над локально конечным полем, определяемые набором аддитивных подгрупп
Authors: Koibaev Vladimir Amurkhanovich , Kuklina S K , Likhacheva A O , Nuzhin Yakov Nifantevich
Published: December 2017

Доказано, что любой элементарный ковер ненулевых аддитивных подгрупп,
ассоциированный с группой Шевалле лиева ранга больше единицы над
локально конечным полем, с точностью до сопряжения диагональным
элементом совпадает с ковром, все аддитивные подгруппы которого равны
некоторому фиксированному подполю основного поля. Аналогичный результат
получен для полного матричного ковра (полной сети).
Библиография: 11 названий.
Обобщенный метод стационарной фазы для преобразования Фурье
быстроосциллирующей функции
Authors: Grushin Viktor Vasil'evich
Published: December 2017

Для некоторого класса интегралов,
представляющих собой преобразование Фурье
быстроосциллирующей функции, получены асимптотические формулы.
Эти формулы содержат специальные функции и
обобщают известный метод стационарной фазы.
Библиография: 7 названий.
Непрерывные суммы ридж-функций на выпуклом теле и класс VMO
Authors: Kuleshov Aleksandr Andreevich
Published: December 2017

В настоящей работе изучаются суммы ридж-функций на выпуклый телах
в пространстве $\mathbb R^n$. Установлено, что при некоторых
достаточно общих ограничениях на функции одной переменной,
образующие рассматриваемые суммы, каждая из них обязана
принадлежать классу VMO на каждом конечном отрезке своей области определения.
Библиография: 19 названий.
Локализованные асимптотические решения линеаризованной системы магнитной гидродинамики
Authors: Allilueva Anna Ivanovna , Shafarevich Andrei Igorevich
Published: December 2017

Описаны асимптотические решения задачи Коши для линеаризованной системы уравнений магнитной гидродинамики с начальными условиями, локализованными вблизи одной точки. Показано, что структура таких решений зависит от того, обращается ли в нуль в этой точке внешнее магнитное поле. Обсуждается возможность роста асимптотического решения со временем.
Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy using Four Novel Nickel–titanium Rotary Instruments: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Kar Prem P , Khasnis Sandhya A , Kidiyoor Krisnamurthy H
Published: December 2017

Aim

The aim of the study was to compare the cleaning efficacy (debris and smear layer removal) of two multifile rotary systems (MTwo and Silk) and two single-file rotary systems (F6 Skytaper and NeoNiTi).

Materials and methods

Eighty mesial canals of mandibular first molars were cleaned and shaped using four nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments to size # 25 and 3% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Samples were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 20) according to instrumentation: Group I, Mtwo; group II, Silk; group III, F6 Skytaper; group IV, NeoNiTi. Samples were split longitudinally and examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) for debris and smear layer removal in coronal, middle, and apical thirds of each root canal.

Results

F6 skytaper and Mtwo groups showed significantly higher debris removal than Silk and NeoNiTi groups in apical third of root canal as well as when compared with NeoNiTi group in middle third. F6 Skytaper group showed significantly higher debris and smear layer removal than Silk group in coronal third. There was statistically significant difference among all thirds of root canal in terms of debris removal in Silk and NeoNiTi groups. There was statistically significant difference among all thirds of root canal in F6 Skytaper and NeoNiTi groups in terms of smear layer removal.

Conclusion

F6 Skytaper single-file rotary instrumentation showed the maximum cleaning efficacy followed by Mtwo multifile rotary instrumentation in all thirds of root canal.

Clinical significance

F6 Skytaper rotary instrument is most efficient followed by Mtwo rotary instrument among all rotary instruments.

How to cite this article

Kar PP, Khasnis SA, Kidiyoor KH. Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy using Four Novel Nickel-titanium Rotary Instruments: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1135-1143.
Intricate Estimation and Assessment of Surface Conditioning of Posts to improve Interfacial Adhesion in Post–core Restorations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Sharma Amil , Pathak Vivek K , Mankeliya Saurabh , Bhardwaj Shivanshu , Dhanare Poorvasha
Published: December 2017

Introduction

Post and core restorations are routinely used for restoring grossly decayed tooth structures. Various chemical agents are known to affect the interfacial adhesions between the post and the core. Hence, we planned the present study to evaluate the effect of various post-surface treatments on the interfacial strength between the posts and composite materials that are used for building up the core portion.

Materials and methods

The present study included assessment of the effect of surface conditioning of posts on the interfacial adhesion in post–core restorations. A total of 80 clear post-tapers were included and were divided broadly into four study groups based on the type of chemical testing protocols used. Various chemical treatments included alkaline potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, and phosphoric acid. The fourth group was the control group. The composite core material was used for building up the core. Testing of the tensile load was done on a universal testing machine. All the results were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results

The highest bond strength was observed in the study group treated with alkaline potassium permanganate, while the lowest was observed in the control group followed by the hydrogen peroxide group. While comparing the mean bond strength in between various study groups, significant results were obtained.

Conclusion

Chemical treatment protocol significantly alters the mean bond strength of the post and core restoration.

Clinical significance

Potassium permanganate significantly increases the bond strength between the fiber post and core restoration.

How to cite this article

Gupta P, Sharma A, Pathak VK, Mankeliya S, Bhardwaj S, Dhanare P. Intricate Estimation and Assessment of Surface Conditioning of Posts to improve Interfacial Adhesion in Post–core Restorations: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1177-1180.
Mortality Prediction in Trauma Patients using Three Different Physiological Trauma Scoring Systems
Authors: Razente Danilo M , Alvarez Bruno D , Lacerda Daniel AM , Biscardi João MDS , Olandoski Marcia , Bahten Luiz CV
Published: December 2017

Background

This study aims to compare mortality prediction capabilities of three different physiological trauma scoring systems (TSS): Revised Trauma Score (RTS) Glasgow Coma Scale, Age, and Systolic Blood Pressure (GAP) and Mechanism, Glasgow Coma Scale, Age, and Arterial Pressure (MGAP).

Study design

A descriptive, cross-sectional study of trauma victims admitted to the emergency service between December-2013 and February-2014. Clinical and epidemiological information were gathered at admission and three TSS were calculated: RTS, GAP, and MGAP. The follow-up period to assess length of hospitalization and mortality lasted until August-2014. Two groups were created — survivals (S) and deaths (D) — and compared. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 668 trauma victims were analyzed. The mean age was 37 ± 18 and 69.8% were males. Blunt trauma prevailed (90.6%). The mean scores of RTS, GAP, and MGAP for group S (n = 657; 98.4%) were 7.77 ± 0.33, 22.8 ± 1.7, and 27.4 ± 2.3 respectively (p < 0.001), whereas group D (n = 11, 1.6%) achieved mean scores of 4.57 ± 2.95, 13 ± 7, and 15.5 ± 7 (p < 0.001). Regarding the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis, the areas under the curve were 0.926 (RTS), 0.941 (GAP), and 0.981 (MGAP). The three TSS demonstrated significant mortality prediction capabilities (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the three ROC curves (p = 0.138). The MGAP achieved the highest sensitivity (100%), while GAP and RTS sensitivities were 81.8% (59—100%), and 90.9% (73.9—100%) respectively (p < 0.001). The observed specificities were 96.2% (94.77—97.7%) for GAP, 91.6% (89.5—93.7%) for MGAP, and 87.2% (84.7—89.8%) for RTS (p < 0.001). Age (p = 0.049), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (p < 0.001), and trauma mechanism (p < 0.001) were different between the two groups.

Conclusion

Most patients were young males and victims of blunt trauma. The three TSS demonstrated reliability regarding mortality prediction. The MGAP achieved the highest sensitivity and GAP was the most specific score, which may indicate a potential use of both as valuable alternatives to RTS.

How to cite this article

Razente DM, Alvarez BD, Lacerda DAM, Biscardi JMDS, Olandoski M, Bahten LCV. Mortality Prediction in Trauma Patients using Three Different Physiological Trauma Scoring Systems. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(3):160-168.
Foreign Funded NGOs in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine: Recent Restrictions and Implications
Authors: Oleinikova Olga
Published: December 2017

The opportunity for public participation through NGO action in post-communist societies is continuously starved by legal framework. Since the collapse of Soviet Union, NGOs in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other post-Communist states have traditionally looked abroad for their funding, and are dismayed at recent legislation setting up new barriers to this practice. This paper discusses the new laws and restrictive amendments to legislative acts on the operations of foreign funded NGOs in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, adopted since 2011.
An urban microwave link rainfall measurement campaign
Authors: van Leth Thomas C. , Overeem Aart , Uijlenhoet Remko , Leijnse Hidde
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Microwave links from cellular communication networks have been shown to be able to provide valuable information concerning the space-time variability of rainfall. In particular over urban areas, where network densities are generally high, they have the potential to complement existing dedicated infrastructure to measure rainfall (gauges, radars). In addition, microwave links provide a great opportunity for ground-based rainfall measurement for those land surface areas of the world where gauges and radars are generally lacking. Such information is not only crucial for water management and agriculture, but also for instance for ground validation of space-borne rainfall estimates such as those provided by the GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) mission. The campaign described in this paper is dedicated to address several errors and uncertainties associated with such quantitative precipitation estimates in detail. The core of the experiment is provided by three co-located microwave links installed between two major buildings on the Wageningen University campus, approximately 2 km apart: a 38 GHz commercial microwave link, and 26 GHz and 38 GHz (dual-polarization) research microwave links. Transmitting and receiving antennas have been attached to masts installed on the roofs of the two buildings, about 30 m above the ground. This setup has been complemented with an infrared large-aperture scintillometer, installed over the same path, as well as 5 laser disdrometers and an automated rain gauge positioned at several locations along the path. Temporal sampling of the received signals was performed at a rate of 20 Hz. The setup is being monitored by time-lapse cameras to assess the state of the antennas as well as the atmosphere. The experiment has been active between August 2014 and December 2015. Data from an existing automated weather station situated just outside Wageningen was further used to compare and to interpret the findings. We find that a basic rainfall retrieval algorithm with no corrections already provides a reasonable correlation to rainfall as measured by the disdrometers. The microwave links do give a significant overestimation. We further investigate several events covering different attenuating phenomena: Rainfall, solid precipitation, temperature, dew, antenna wetting and clutter. We also briefly explore cases where several phenomena play a role. We conclude that the response of different makes of microwave antennas to many of these phenomena is significantly different even under the exact same operating conditions and configuration.
3-D tomographic reconstruction of atmospheric gravity waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT)
Authors: Song Rui , Kaufmann Martin , Ern Manfred , Ungermann Jörn , Liu Guang , Riese Martin
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Gravity waves (GWs) have been intensively studied over recent decades because of their dominant role in the dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The momentum deposition caused by breaking GWs determines the basic structure and drives the large-scale circulation in the MLT. Satellite observations provide a way to qualify the properties and effects of GWs on a global scale. As GWs can propagate vertically and horizontally in the atmosphere, resolving both horizontal and vertical wavelengths is important for the quantification of a wave. However, this can hardly be achieved by one instrument with a good spatial coverage and resolution. In this paper, we propose a new observation strategy, called sweep mode, for a real three-dimensional (3-D) tomographic reconstruction of GWs in the MLT by modifying the observation geometry of conventional limb sounding measurements. It enhances the horizontal resolution that typical limb sounders can achieve, while at the same time retaining the good vertical resolution they have. This observation strategy is simulated for retrieving temperatures from measurements of the rotational structure of the O2 A-band airglow. The idea of this observation strategy is to sweep the line-of-sight (LOS) of the limb sounder horizontally across the orbital track during the flight. Therefore, two-dimensional (2-D) slices, i.e. vertical planes, that reveal the projection of GWs can be observed in the direction along- and across the orbital track, respectively. The 3-D wave vector is then reproduced by combining the projected 2-D wave slices in the two directions. The feasibility of this sweep mode tomographic retrieval approach is assessed using simulated measurements. It shows that the horizontal resolution in both along- and across-track directions are affected by an adjustable turning angle, which also determines the spatial coverage of this observation mode. The retrieval results can reduce the errors in deducing momentum flux substantially by providing an unbiased estimation of the real horizontal wavelength of a wave.
Tests for coronal electron temperature signatures in suprathermal electron populations at 1 AU
Authors: Macneil Allan R. , Owen Christopher J. , Wicks Robert T.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The development of knowledge of how the coronal origin of the solar wind affects its in situ properties is one of the keys to understanding the relationship between the Sun and the heliosphere. In this paper, we analyse ACE/SWICS and WIND/3DP data spanning  > 12 years, and test properties of solar wind suprathermal electron distributions for the presence of signatures of the coronal temperature at their origin which may remain at 1 AU. In particular we re-examine a previous suggestion that these properties correlate with the oxygen charge state ratio O7+ ∕ O6+, an established proxy for coronal electron temperature. We find only a very weak but variable correlation between measures of suprathermal electron energy content and O7+ ∕ O6+. The weak nature of the correlation leads us to conclude, in contrast to earlier results, that an initial relationship with core electron temperature has the possibility to exist in the corona, but that in most cases no strong signatures remain in the suprathermal electron distributions at 1 AU. It cannot yet be confirmed whether this is due to the effects of coronal conditions on the establishment of this relationship or due to the altering of the electron distributions by processing during transport in the solar wind en route to 1 AU. Contrasting results for the halo and strahl population favours the latter interpretation. Confirmation of this will be possible using Solar Orbiter data (cruise and nominal mission phase) to test whether the weakness of the relationship persists over a range of heliocentric distances. If the correlation is found to strengthen when closer to the Sun, then this would indicate an initial relationship which is being degraded, perhaps by wave–particle interactions, en route to the observer.
Evaluating four gap-filling methods for eddy covariance measurements of evapotranspiration over hilly crop fields
Authors: Boudhina Nissaf , Zitouna-Chebbi Rim , Mekki Insaf , Jacob Frédéric , Ben Mechlia Nétij , Masmoudi Moncef , Prévot Laurent
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Estimating evapotranspiration in hilly watersheds is paramount for managing water resources, especially in semi-arid regions. Eddy covariance (EC) technique allows continuous measurements of latent heat flux LE. However, time series of EC measurements often experience large portions of missing data, because of instrumental dysfunctions or quality filtering. Existing gap-filling methods are questionable over hilly crop fields, because of changes in airflow inclination and subsequent aerodynamic properties. We evaluated the performances of different gap-filling methods before and after tailoring to conditions of hilly crop fields. The tailoring consisted of beforehand splitting the LE time series on the basis of upslope and downslope winds. The experiment was setup within an agricultural hilly watershed in northeastern Tunisia. EC measurements were collected throughout the growth cycle of three wheat crops, two of them located in adjacent fields on opposite hillslopes, and the third one located in a flat field. We considered four gap-filling methods: the REddyProc method, the linear regression between LE and net radiation Rn, the multi-linear regression of LE against the other energy fluxes, and the use of evaporative fraction EF. Regardless of method, the splitting of the LE time series did not impact the gap filling rate, and it might improve the accuracies on LE retrievals in some cases. Regardless of method, the obtained accuracies on LE estimates after gap filling were close to instrumental accuracies, and were comparable to those reported in previous studies over flat and mountainous terrains. Overall, REddyProc was the most appropriate method, for both gap filling rate and retrieval accuracy. Thus, it seems possible to conduct gap-filling for LE time series collected over hilly crop fields, provided the LE time series are beforehand split on the basis of upslope / downslope winds. Future works should address consecutive vegetation growth cycles for a larger panel of conditions in terms of climate, vegetation and water status.
Assessing bias-corrections of oceanic surface conditions for atmospheric models
Authors: Beaumet Julien , Krinner Gerhard , Déqué Michel , Haarsma Rein , Li Laurent
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Future sea–surface temperature and sea–ice concentration from coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation models such as those from the CMIP5 experiment are often used as boundary forcing for the downscaling of future climate experiment. Yet, these models show some considerable biases when compared to the observations over present climate. In this paper, existing methods such as an absolute anomaly and a quantile–quantile method for sea surface temperature (SST) as well as a look-up table and a relative anomaly method for sea–ice concentration (SIC) are presented. For SIC, we also propose a new analog method. Each method is objectively evaluated with a perfect model test using CMIP5 model experiment and some real-case applications using observations. With respect to other previously existing methods for SIC, the analog method is a substantial improvement for the bias correction of future sea–ice concentrations.
Cohesive and mixed sediment in the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS v3.6) implemented in the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Wave Sediment-Transport Modeling System (COAWST r1179)
Authors: Sherwood Christopher R. , Aretxabaleta Alfredo L. , Harris Courtney K. , Rinehimer J. Paul , Verney Romaric , Ferre Bénédicte
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We describe and demonstrate algorithms for treating cohesive and mixed sediment that have been added to the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS version 3.6), as implemented in the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Wave Sediment-Transport Modeling System (COAWST Subversion repository revision 1179). These include: floc dynamics (aggregation and disaggregation in the water column); changes in floc characteristics in the seabed; erosion and deposition of cohesive and mixed (combination of cohesive and non-cohesive) sediment; and biodiffusive mixing of bed sediment. These routines supplement existing non-cohesive sediment modules, thereby increasing our ability to model fine-grained and mixed-sediment environments. Additionally, we describe changes to the sediment bed-layering scheme that improve the fidelity of the modeled stratigraphic record. Finally, we provide examples of these modules implemented in idealized test cases and a realistic application.
Timing of land–ocean groundwater nutrient fluxes from a tropical karstic region (southern Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Oehler Till , Eiche Elisabeth , Putra Doni , Adyasari Dini , Hennig Hanna , Mallast Ulf , Moosdorf Nils
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In tropical karstic regions, knowledge about the timing and quantity of land–ocean groundwater nutrient fluxes is important, as those nutrients may affect coastal ecosystems and contaminate coastal springs. High aquifer permeability of the karst, combined with high recharge and discharge during heavy rain events, leads to a close connectivity between groundwater in the hinterland and the coastal zone. The alteration between drier periods and heavy rain events can lead to a high temporal variability of groundwater discharge associated nutrient fluxes from the hinterland towards the coast. We studied the timing of land-ocean groundwater nutrient fluxes in the tropical karstic region of Gunung Kidul (southern Java Indonesia) from November 2015 until December 2016. Satellite infrared imagery revealed two major areas of direct submarine and coastal groundwater discharge. δ18O and δD signatures, nutrient concentrations, combined with precipitation and groundwater discharge data, indicate a rapid groundwater recharge and transport from the catchment area towards the coastal ocean. Measured groundwater discharge rates varied from less than 1 m3/s up to 16.6 m3/s and were dominantly controlled by recharge in the hinterland and surface infiltration during the rainy season. Nitrate fluxes ranged from 5 × 103 to 139 × 103 mol/day and DSi fluxes from 50 × 103 to 310 × 103 mol/day. High nitrate concentrations coinciding with phases of high discharge lead to particularly high nitrate fluxes. This counter intuitive temporal connection might be due to fertilization during the onset of the wet season and the retention of nutrients from untreated sewage in the soil and in sinkholes during dryer periods, which are then washed into the aquifer during heavy rain events. In the tropical karstic region of southern Java, extraordinarily high land-ocean nutrient fluxes occur therefore during the onset of periods with high discharge, which makes coastal water and coastal springs prone to contamination during this time, while flood recession and dry periods are characterized by lower nutrient fluxes. In tropical karstic regions the timing of land–ocean groundwater nutrient fluxes is thus highly variable, which may lead to ecological implications. High nutrient fluxes during certain times of the year may explain the sudden occurrence of harmful algae blooms in coastal environments and have to be considered in coastal groundwater management.