bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre algunos aspectos del quehacer lexicográfico
Authors: Pérez Lagos Manuel Fernando
Published: April 2016

Considering that the major part of lexicography is learnt "on the worktable as problems arise", this work highlights these specific aspects concerning the making of a dictionary (the number of entries, the way they are presented, etymology, grammar and register labels, definition and its problems, examples) which arise from and during the lexicographical practice itself, and not from reflection on the great works on lexicographical theory produced in recent years.
Clasificación nominal, concordancia y pronombres
Authors: García-Miguel Gallego José María
Published: April 2016

This work revises some properties of gender and noun classes, within the broader phenomena of noun classification. The main points of the paper are: 1) the distinction of grammatical noun classification from lexical classification of referents; 2) the typology of noun classification (classifiers, noun classes and gender) in relation lo a continuum of grammaticalization; 3) the revision of the possibilities of agreement as the main formal outcome of gender and noun classes; and 4) the discourse properties of gender agreement, which leads us to conclude that some gender-like properties of pronouns differ from gender agreement: some pronoun systems are sensitive only to referent properties, while gender systems always refer to grammatical properties of nouns.
Latinismo y creatividad léxica en textos manuscritos postalfonsíes: la Estoria de Gerusalem Abreuiada de Jacques de Vitry
Authors: Cioba Mianda
Published: April 2016

The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the connection between the general Latin aspects of some didactic documents of the postalphonsine period and the translation mechanisms from Latin into medieval Castilian. Following Margherita Morreale’s suggestions, we examine lexical parallelism as an expression of the intercrossed linguistic systems, covering, from the translation’s perspective, a significant optional variety, from plain error to the organised search of a specific functional status in the Castilian domain. We try to point out that the simultaneous occurrence of the inherited and transliterated forms reflects not only the pressure of the formal Latin model, but also, primarily, a tendency to preserve the register characteristics of the Latin original. A new type of creative attitude emerges as a conclusion to the study of lexical variants during this period, different from Alphonse X’s normative aims as well as from the exclusive Latin like lexical solutions adopted by the humanistic authors of the XV-th century.
Teoría, método y práctica: de la enunciación a la interpretación. Modos géneros y tipos de discursos
Authors: Cabeza Lora Julián
Published: April 2016

In this article we present some advances of the investigations that are been developed in the levels of analyses and the discursive interpretation, from a semantic, syntactic and pragmatic perspective. The theoretical statements of Tesnière, R. Jakobson, G. Guillaume, René Thom, Van Dijk, Coseriu and mainly Pottier preside over the investigations that we are developing. (Cabeza, J. 1994, 1995, 1998, and 2000). These theoretical principles have guided us in stating the objectives, hypothesis and methodology of a new interpretation of the semantic-syntactic structuring of the different types of speeches. We present in this particular case the genre of elegy, taking as a corpus some of the most outstanding ones from Hispanic Literature. If methodologically we admit that every speech can be summarized in one sentence or even in one word without the persistence of the forms that sustained it, and that this constitutes a test to the peculiarities of human memory. Also, it is certain that the interpreter has several reading options in hierarchical textual meaning and in the plurality of the discursive senses. The modes, the genders, and the types of speeches are seen attached to the particular tensions and representations of each language, the ones that generate, in speech practice, singular syntactic forms according to the purpose of the speaker, the finality of its functions and pragmatic context. So in this way we rank systems, subsystem and units in different levels that can be differently interpreted by different receivers in diverse times and spaces.
Atención implícita hacia la forma: teoría e investigación
Authors: Ortega Lourdes
Published: April 2016

El campo de la adquisición de segundas lenguas (ASL) ha experimentado en los últimos veinte años una proliferación de estudios empíricos tanto en el aula (Doughty y Williams, 1998a) como en el laboratorio (Hulstijn, 1997) sobre la relativa eficacia de distintas propuestas pedagógicas basadas en el principio de la atención hacia la forma, término acuñado por Long al inicio de la década de los noventa (Long, 1991). La atención hacia la forma ha cristalizado en distintas propuestas pedagógicas sutilmente diferentes, pero en su formulación más estricta (Long, 1991; Long y Robinson, 1998) favorece técnicas implícitas de instrucción de L2. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar al lector especializado los fundamentos teóricos en los que se gestó la propuesta de la atención hacia la forma y ofrecer una síntesis comprensiva de los hallazgos más importantes derivados de la investigación de intervenciones pedagógicas implícitas de atención hacia la forma.
Interacción y aprendizaje de segundas lenguas en el contexto institucional del aula
Authors: Alcón Soler Eva
Published: April 2016

En el presente artículo se analiza la naturaleza de la interacción oral en el contexto del aula como marco en el que se produce el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua. A continuación se revisa la investigación realizada sobre el efecto de la interacción en la adquisición de segundas lenguas y se propone la colaboración de docentes e investigadores a la hora de adoptar una metodología que permita a los estudiantes construir el conocimiento de una segunda lengua a partir de la interacción oral.
Bases para una morfología continua del español
Authors: Almela Pérez Ramón
Published: April 2016

Conceptual subtlety in science demands clarity. The significance of universality rests on the fact that concepts do not overlap with each other. Nonetheless, clarity is a target and, as such, it should not be confused with the method by which we try to attain it. The binary method (0/1, yes/no) is "a" method, but not "the" method. It would be fruitful to apply a "fuzzy" method in addition to - or even instead of- the binary method. Every explanation tries to approach reality, and it is obvious that reality sometimes does not display clearcut boundaries. I would rather claim that many facts of reality show fuzzy, continuous profiles. In such cases, would it not be legitimate to approach fuzzy facts from a continuous - not discrete - perspective? In the present paper I shall present some underpinnings of a continuous perspective in linguistics and the main morphological issues for which such a perspective is particularly suitable. In the literature on Morphology we often encounter hesitating, sometimes even contradictor/ explanations that fluctuate between different categorizations of certain linguistic units. Doubt of thought is an indication that "the thing meant" is not discontinuous of nature. Many categories, subcategories, etc., are not perfectly separated from one another, but they lie at different positions of a continuous scale.
Lengua poética y lengua técnica: creación y ciencia
Authors: Díez de Revenga Torres Pilar
Published: April 2016

In the present article we shall study how one can find a literary work in which the use of poetic language is combined with that of specialised language. Its concerns the autobiographical work of Maria Cegarra Salcedo, poet and chemist, in which two facets are perfectly reflected: her career, linked to science, and her daily living in which her family life and her working life converge: the teaching of chemistry and laboratory work. She makes use of a technical lexis which, once it passed beyond the frontier of specialised language, arrives at a common language thus allowing her to create as many metaphors as needed in order to express her emotions.
Un fenómeno de repetición textual: el estribillo en Emilio Prados
Authors: García-Page Sánchez Mario
Published: April 2016

A feature of Emilio Prados's poetical production/creation is the use of the refrain, a characteristic resource of popular traditional poetry, particularly that of the in-parallel type. The refrain is not only a versification device but also a rhetorical repetition figure of a textual kind. As a repetition phenomenon it becomes apparent in Prados's poetry in different ways. Inexact repetition or repetition with variations, and, particularly, the deliberate breaking in the last occurrence at the end of the poem are representative of the two main shapes the refrain takes.
La utilización de fuentes en la realización de diccionarios: ¿Covarrubias (1611), fuente directa en la microestructura de Franciosini (1620)?
Authors: Martínez Egido José Joaquín
Published: April 2016

The development of the lexicographer's task at the very beginning of the Spanish lexicography activity was based on the conveyance of materials from some works to others, as well as on the imposition of some canons in the way of approaching and developing them. In several occasions, the lexicographers have been accused of a lack of originality, even labels as "copy", "plagiarism" or "source" have been used to hold in contempt their works. The relationship between "Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española" (1960) from Sebastián de Covarrubias and "Vocabulario italiano-español, español-italiano" (1920) from Lorenzo Franciosini can help us to understand the lexicographer's task in that period of the origin and development of the Spanish lexicography, to be exact, with the comparison of their microstructures it can be delimited if the first dictionary is present in the second one and it can also be determined in what way it does. With this kind of quantifier and detailed analysis we can know the true relationships that exist between the dictionaries. In addition, we can avoid remaining in partial appreciations that tend to become difficult to prove truths.
Una aproximación morfológica a las construcciones clasificatorias en la lengua de signos española
Authors: Herrero Blanco Ángel
Published: April 2016

Since the pioneering work of Ted Supalla in 1978, it has been demostrated that sign languages use classifiers, specially in classifier predicates, in a typologically congruent way that seems nevertheless to exceed the limits of oral channel. In this article we review the main approaches to classifiers in sign and oral languages and provide the clasificatory system in Spanish Sign Language (LSE) with morphological criteria typologically attested. We differentiate between classificatory nouns and predicate classifiers, and between introflexive classifiers and classifier prefixes.
Lenguas en contacto: peculiaridades del español andino peruano. Tres casos de interferencia morfosintáctica
Authors: Merma Molina Gladys
Published: April 2016

The study of contact languages is an area that has not only acquired a lot of relevance in Europe in the last decades, but especially in Hispanic America. It is in the latter context, that the contact with Guaraní and Quechua indigenous languages with Spanish is being examined and researched. The present article is developed in this same research line, since we refer to the contact between Quechua and Spanish from the perspective of the Andean language without stopping to consider that the influences between both languages is of a bidirectional character. The influence of Quechua in the Spanish language has generated over time the formation of diverse types of linguistic phenomena of interference and convergence, whether lexical, phonetic, phonological character or morphosyntactic whose result is Andean Spanish. This variety or type of Spanish has characteristic linguistic peculiarities that distinguishes it from coastal Spanish. In this study we will look at three types of morphosyntactic interferences and its major role in the south Andean-Peruvian context.
El proyecto GRIALE para la ironía en español: conceptos previos
Authors: Ruiz Gurillo Leonor , Marimón Llorca Carmen , Padilla García Xose Antonio , Timofeeva Larissa
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to present an outline of the main working lines of GRIALE researching group. This group, integrated by members of the Department of Hispanic Philology from the Universidad de Alicante, has as first task the study of verbal irony in Spanish as well as its application to the teaching of Spanish as LE/L2. Starting form a pragmatic model as the echoic interpretation theory (Sperber and Wilson, 1978), we analyze irony as a variety of echoic mention, we also present a first proposal of different kinds of verbal irony in relation with text typology and we also point out some verbal procedures used to indicate the presence of irony in an utterance or in a written text.
Verbos de movimiento en ruso y español: una vez más sobre la intransitividad dividida
Authors: Batsiukova Volha
Published: April 2016

This paper investigates the relationship between the syntactic configuration of two classes of intransitive verbs of motion (the unaccusative and unergative verbs), on the one hand, and certain semantic properties of the respective predicates, encoded in the event structure and the semantic definition of the superficial subject, on the other hand. Hence, it is assumed that the unaccusativity is syntactically encoded and scmantically determined. It is shown that the semantic class of verbs of motion in not homogeneous and that its variable behavior with respect to different unaccusative diagnostics is due to the alternation of syntactically relevant aspects of meaning. The verbs of motion in Russian and Spanish are argued to fall into various subclasses, that arise from the combination of two sets of features: the delimitedness (which can be semantically or syntactically induced) and animacy (which is especially important for the distribution of the semantic component 'manner of motion').
Notas sobre los llamados usos temporales "dislocados" en la conversación coloquial
Authors: Briz Gómez Emilio Antonio
Published: April 2016

This work talks about the discursive and strategic values of the change of tenses in colloquial speech and tries to show their regularities, what means that is not anomalous.
Verbos locales estativos en español
Authors: Cifuentes Honrubia José Luis
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with a typology of local stative verbs in Spanish. This classification is due to the constructions in which the verbs appear and it is similar to the one established for motion verbs. Thus, I distinguish between situative verbs, position verbs with local incorporation. Situative verbs are those which point out the place where the action is developed. Position verbs determine localization and the way in which a stance is articulated, and they can be classified following parameters such as contact, sensation and physical stance. Finally, I discuss those verbs which have the local component (ground, figure or relational particle) incorporated.
La importancia de lo cognitivo en la clasificación de los verbos del español
Authors: Montaner Montava María Amparo
Published: April 2016

Our aim in this paper is to analyze the scenario of some verbs from a cognitive perspective and the linguistic behaviour of these verbs in order to observe the relationship between cognition and language. Furthermore, we try to classify verbs with similar linguistics behaviour attending cognitive features.
Anglicismos en el español de América
Authors: Haensch Günther
Published: April 2016

El propósito de este artículo consiste en presentar una pequeña lista de anglicismos de uso frecuente en el español de América. La información acerca de estas unidades, que ha sido obtenida a través de informants natives y de Fuentes lexicográficas, puede arrojar nueva luz acerca de las diferencias entre el español europeo y el español americano.
La comunicación no verbal y el estudio de su incidencia en fenómenos discursivos como la ironía
Authors: Cestero Mancera Ana María
Published: April 2016

En este artículo se presenta la comunicación no verbal y se detallan los sistemas que la integran, prestando especial atención a los signos de los sistemas más relacionados con la comunicación oral humana, por su incidencia determinante en la construcción e interpretación de fenómenos pragmático-discursivos como la ironía verbal. Se ofrecen, además, algunas ideas y propuestas básicas para abordar su estudio de manera sistemática.
Semántica cognitiva diacrónica de acostarse
Authors: Fernández Jaén Jorge
Published: April 2016

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un análisis del verbo acostarse realizado con los postulados teóricos de la semántica cognitiva diacrónica, tal y como los expone Geeraerts (1997). Según este modelo, las categorías lingüísticas evolucionan a partir de sus significados más prototípicos o centrales, de los que surgen con el paso del tiempo proyecciones metafóricas o metonímicas que configuran nuevos significados. En este artículo mostraremos esta teoría analizando el verbo acostarse, estudiando su evolución semántica desde su significado latino de costilla (que genera un prototipo direccional) hasta su polisemia actual, en la que prevalece el significado de tumbarse.
Sobre la coordinación y la ambigüedad estructural en las sentencias
Authors: Martínez Linares María Antonia
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo versa sobre coordinaciones de constituyentes estructuralmente ambiguas que se han extraído de un conjunto de sentencias. Tiene por objeto mostrar cómo el potencial de la coordinación como fuente de ambigüedad estructural se ve incrementado cuando la coordinación de constituyentes se combina con algunas de las pautas constructivas características de los textos jurídicos como la abundancia de nominalizaciones y de sintagmas nominales complejos, el uso de incisos, las oraciones largas e intrincadas o el "exceso" de subordinación.
La lateralización cerebral y el origen del lenguaje
Authors: Benítez Burraco Antonio
Published: April 2016

El “órgano del lenguaje” se encuentra lateralizado en términos estructurales y funcionales. Se ha prestado una especial atención a aquellas evidencias fósiles que parecen sugerir la existencia en especies de homínidos extintas de una lateralización cerebral de carácter estructural y funcional semejante a la que se advierte en los humanos, que podrían ser un indicio de la disponibilidad de una (cierta) capacidad de procesamiento lingüístico. Evidencias adicionales han aportado nuevos datos sobre los principales hitos que habrían jalonado dicho itinerario evolutivo, en particular, en lo que concierne a la cuestión de la lateralización y su relación con el lenguaje. El objetivo de este trabajo es tratar de valorar críticamente todas estas evidencias, así como las inferencias realizadas a partir de ellas sobre las capacidades lingüísticas de otras especies de homínidos. La conclusión fundamental será que, mientras que las evidencias fósiles parecen enfrentarse a dificultades inherentes a la asunción de una homología funcional, allí donde parece existir (sólo) una homología estructural, las evidencias de naturaleza molecular parecen asumir una concepción demasiado simplista de las relaciones que se establecen entre los genes y la cognición. El artículo concluirá bosquejando un modelo evolutivo general del “órgano del lenguaje” más ajustado al creciente corpus de datos genéticos y moleculares.
Marcadores del discurso y posición final: la forma ¿eh? en la conversación coloquial española
Authors: Montañez Mesas Marta Pilar
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo pretende describir las funciones pragmático-discursivas de los marcadores a partir de un criterio puramente discursivo: la posición en unidades del discurso, que hemos denominado posición discursiva. En concreto, nos centramos en la posición final de ciertos marcadores en la conversación coloquial española. Para ello, analizamos el marcador ¿eh? por su mayor frecuencia de aparición en nuestro corpus, frente a otros marcadores como ¿no?, ¿sabes?, que también se sitúan en posición final. En definitiva, nuestro propósito es mostrar la aplicabilidad y la rentabilidad del criterio de posición discursiva en el estudio de los marcadores del discurso en la conversación.
La confusión de líquidas implosivas en Castilla-La Mancha: un enfoque desde la teoría de la optimidad
Authors: Martínez Paricio Violeta
Published: April 2016

Este artículo presenta un análisis fonológico dentro del marco de la Teoría de la Optimidad (Prince y Smolensky 1993) de la confusión de r y l implosivas en las hablas confundidoras de Castilla-La Mancha (Atlas Lingüístico y etnográfico de Castilla-La Mancha). Nuestra propuesta trata de explicar las causas que rigen la aparición de una u otra solución —lateral (beber > bebel) y rótica (multa > marta)— del fenómeno confundidor en la zona. Para ello, nos hemos basado en la importancia que adquieren en estas hablas las restricciones fonológicas universales relativas a las distancias de sonicidad (a partir de Clements 1990), así como las referentes a las exigencias de similitud entre segmentos adyacentes (Lombardi 1999; Colina 2007). Este análisis permite también dar cuenta de la confusión de líquidas en otras variedades (como el catalán hablado en Alguer, Cerdeña, o el castellano de algunos puntos del Caribe).
Metáfora y argumentación en el lenguaje político y la prensa españoles: aproximación a las metáforas relacionadas con el "proceso de paz"
Authors: Olza Moreno Inés
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo analiza el potencial argumentativo que posee el empleo de metáforas en el lenguaje político y de la prensa. En él se examinan los distintos niveles en que cristaliza el componente valorativo de la metáfora y se ilustra su articulación a través del examen de un Corpus de metáforas políticas y periodísticas relacionadas con el "proceso de paz" español de 2006-2007. El estudio de este corpus permite extraer conclusiones interesantes acerca del distinto empleo persuasivo de la metáfora observado, respectivamente, en géneros de tipo noticioso y argumentativo; y acerca de la naturaleza de los terrenos de intersección que se dan entre el lenguaje político y el periodístico en el uso argumentativo de la metáfora.
Principios lingüísticos aplicados a la síntesis automática de la lengua de signos española
Authors: López Colino Fernando  , Porta Zamorano Jordi  , Colás Pasamontes José
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo presenta la base lingüística utilizada en un sintetizador de lengua de signos española (LSE). Los aspectos fundamentales tratados son la fonología de la LSE y una aproximación para describir mensajes signados. En relación a la fonología se describen los parámetros fonológicos utilizados, el modelo fonológico en el que se basa este trabajo y la aproximación para almacenar esta información. Por último se presentan los resultados obtenidos en pruebas de evaluación con nativos de LSE.
Ciber(des)cortesía en los foros de opinión de la prensa escrita: un ejemplo
Authors: Vigara Tauste Ana María  , Hernández Toribio María Isabel
Published: April 2016

Como es sabido, la prensa escrita ha experimentado, con la llegada de internet, un notable cambio en la relación con sus lectores, que, con frecuencia, pueden expresar libre y públicamente su opinión sobre lo leído (o cualquier otra cosa) en los foros (“bancos de opinión”) habilitados para ello. En este tipo de interacción, el opinante que escribe y envía su mensaje puede (y suele) mantenerse simultáneamente activo en al menos tres instancias de enunciación diferentes: a) comunicación con el periódico (se pronuncia sobre los contenidos de la noticia); b) con el público del periódico (potenciales lectores de su comentario); c) con el resto de los lectores del foro (que pueden, a su vez, dar la réplica a cualquier intervención previa). Intentaremos analizar, en un ejemplo concreto (acontecimiento deportivo publicado en el periódico La Vanguardia), los actos de (des)cortesía que surgen en estas diferentes instancias enunciativas, para lo cual prestaremos atención tanto a las simples intervenciones como a las réplicas generadas a partir de ellas.
Tele-health: bridging the gap between the need for rapid toxicology consultation and shortage in poison control centers - a unique experience in Dammam poison control center
Authors: K AlMazroua Maha , Y Issa Sahar , M Hafez Essam
Published: April 2016

The development of poisons control centers (PCCs) has in general complied with the actual needs and conditions in the society. A single MOH toll-free telephone number (937) for all health services enables rapid transfer of the caller to a specialist in poison information and toxicology anywhere in the Saudi Kingdom at any time, day or night. A board-certified, qualified toxicologist can be reached within a few moments. This remarkable system is maintained by the voluntary cooperation of the 45 technical members of the Regional Dammam Poison Control Center (DPCC) since nearly three years, being the only PCC in the Kingdom offering this service till date.Objectives: The objective of the current study is to empathize and promote services delivered by PCCs as poison control, chemical safety, prevention and treatment of toxicities within the Saudi Kingdom through the single MOH toll-free telephone number (937), being the only Saudi PCC responding to this service in toxicology. It promotes toxicovigilance in the hope of decreasing the overall morbidity and minimizing mortality from poisoning.Methods: The calls received on the hotline telephone number of the DPCC directly conveying the calls from the free MOH line (937), were retrospectively studied and evaluated. Themes that emerged from the data obtained from telephone communication were statistically assessed.Results: The study showed that the Unintentional exposures (N= 4353, 85%) greatly surpassed other types of exposure. Most of the callers were Saudi (N=4198, 82%) from Eastern region (N= 1654, 32.3%). The toxicological calls (N: 2389, 87.6%) were nearly 7 folds of the non-toxicological calls (N: 337, 12.4%) in the third year of the study. The number of calls were more during the summer season.
Changes of sedimentation in the Drużno Lake based on geoarchaeological data from the Teutonic fortress in Elbląg, North Poland
Authors: Nitychoruk Jerzy , Szymanek Marcin , Bińka Krzysztof , Kasprzycka Maria , Zbucki Łukasz
Published: April 2016

The wooden structures unearthed in 2012 during archaeological excavation in the courtyard of the Museum of Archaeology and History in Elbląg have been dated using the dendrochronological method to the period between 1245 and 1302, which allows them to be considered to be parts of a Teutonic fortress. The remains of the wooden building located directly on the prehistoric lacustrine sediments created a unique opportunity to reconstruct the near-shore sedimentation of the Drużno Lake. Geological, malacological and palynological methods were applied during the investigation. The results, compared with the ranges of both the Drużno Lake and the Vistula Lagoon, known from previous studies of the region, allowed the correlation of a phase of a deep lake with the “Roman Period”. Rapid shallowing of the lake occurred in the “Migration Period”. The final disappearance of the lake in the area of modern Elbląg occurred in the early Middle Ages.
Are psychologists and psychiatrists assessing work capacity part of the problem or solution? / Jesu li psiholozi i psihijatri koji ocjenjuju radnu sposobnost dio problema ili rješenja problema?
Authors: Lalić Hrvoje
Published: April 2016

The aim of this case study was to emphasise the importance of coordination between the members of occupational medicine teams who assess work capacity in persons whose jobs may involve responsibility for other people’s safety and health. We have picked out four cases - three visiting nurses and one applicant for driving and firearms licence extension - where psychiatrists/psychologists and occupational health specialist disagreed in their assessment entirely. These cases illustrate how psychologists and psychiatrists tend to support patients’ wishes to either remain at their workplace or take disability retirement, whereas occupational health specialists take a different, less easy course, relying on the medical condition of the patient, specific job requirements, and broader implications for public safety. It appears that this is not a problem only in Croatia, but in a number of developed countries as well. This problem calls for additional training of all members of a work capacity assessment team.
Simple graph-theoretical model for flavonoid binding to P-glycoprotein / Jednostavan graf-teorijski model vezivanja flavonoida za P-glikoprotein / Jednostavan graf-teorijski model vezivanja flavonoida za P-glikoprotein
Authors: Miličević Ante , Raos Nenad
Published: April 2016

Three sets of flavonoid derivatives (N=32, 40, and 74) and logarithms of their dissociation constants (log Kd) that describe flavonoid affinity toward P-glycoprotein were modelled using six connectivity indices. The best results were obtained with the zero-order valence molecular connectivity index (0χv) for all three sets. Standard errors of the calibration models were around 0.3, and of the constants from the test sets even a little lower, 0.22 and 0.24. Despite using only one descriptor, our model proved better in internal (cross-validation) and especially in external (test set) statistics than much more demanding methods used in previous 3D QSAR modelling.
Resource-Efficient Growth In The EU's Sustainable Development – A Comparative Analysis Based On Selected Indicators
Authors: Lipińska Danuta
Published: April 2016

This article presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of resource efficiency in the use of natural resources for economic growth consistent with the principles of sustainable development in EU countries. To realize this objective, a review of the literature and EU strategic documents concerning the subject under study is presented. The comparative analysis has been prepared on the basis of international statistical data (Eurostat, EEA) for EU countries from the years 2002–2013. The analysis covers the following indicators: resource productivity, water exploitation index, water productivity, generation of waste, and the landfill and recycling rate. The results show that in general terms the efficiency of resource use in the EU is gradually improving, but only to a small extent. With regard to individual countries this process shows significant diversity, and is closely associated with the level of economic development of a particular country. In some individual countries, this resource efficiency is at a very low level, which is the case with several countries of Eastern and Central Europe.
Circuit complexity of symmetric Boolean functions in antichain basis
Authors: Podolskaya Olga V.
Published: April 2016

We study the circuit complexity of Boolean functions in an infinite basis consisting of all characteristic functions of antichains over the Boolean cube. For an arbitrary symmetric function we obtain the exact value of its circuit complexity in this basis. In particular, we prove that the circuit complexities of the parity function and the majority function of

The research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 14–01–00598.
Tugend, Recht und Moral: Tendenzen der Verantwortungszuschreibung
Authors: Eckert Julia
Published: April 2016

The attribution of responsibility in world society is increasingly a field of contestation. On the one hand, the perceptions of far-reaching causal and moral links between spatially and temporally distant events are ever more explicitly pronounced; on the other hand, the very complexity of these links often engenders a fragmentation of responsibility in law as well as in moral commitment. Identifying three competing conceptualisations of responsibility, namely a turn to virtue ethics, processes of juridification, and processes of moralisation, this article explores their different temporal and social dimensions, and the effects they each have on the relation between those held responsible and those affected by the situation that is to be accounted for.
Entrepreneurship as a Consequence of External Stimuli and/or Internal Incentives
Authors: Dušan Bobera , Marić Slobodan , Leković Bojan
Published: April 2016

The basic goal of this work is the cognition of fundamental entrepreneurial motives (necessity and opportunity) depending on general social and entrepreneurial opportunities according to the stages of entrepreneurial process. The work presents the results of the analysis of selected variables previously cited appearances based on data from the GEM project in 2009 for 48 countries classified into three groups according to the stages of economic development. To compare groups and establish differences, one-factor analysis of variance was used, while relationships and connections between selected features of development degrees, entrepreneurial activities and motives of entrepreneurial projects were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The analysis of available data and selected features confirmed a great dependence of motives of entrepreneurial projects and conditions of the environment of different development degrees that determine differences to all observed features directly or indirectly connected with entrepreneurial decisions.
Diversification of Serbia's Export Markets - Potentials for Export to The Countries of Caspian Basin
Authors: Stanojević Nataša , Jovancai Ana
Published: April 2016

Key features of the current foreign trade of Serbia are high and growing foreign trade deficit, and a small number of export partners. The fact that Serbia places its almost entire export on the markets of Italy, Germany and three former Yugoslavian countries implies the need for export diversification. Finding new or revitalizing former markets is vital for overcoming various weaknesses of Serbia’s foreign trade. Gravity model was used for establishing determinants of Serbia’s export and potential export directions. Coefficients of Serbia’s export, determined in a few earlier studies are based on the figures that were valid before the global economic crisis. As the export to the EU countries which are geographically closest to Serbia decreased during the crisis, it is assumed that the parameters have now changed and the factor of importance of geographical distance decreased. The obtained coefficients are then applied to the countries of the Caspian Basin. This is the region which, due to its numerous geographical and economic characteristics, is seen as an adequate export market, although its distance is relatively large. Research based on applying of gravity model has found that in some countries of the region, there is plenty of „space“ for Serbia’s exports.
Study of Cu-Zn and Au/TiO2Catalysts on Anodized Aluminum Monoliths for Hydrogen Generation and Purification
Authors: Adrover E. , Boldrini D. , Divins N.J. , Casanovas A. , Tonetto G. , López E. , Llorca J.
Published: April 2016

This work reports the preparation of Cu-Zn and Au/TiO2catalysts on anodized aluminum monoliths (AAM). The structured catalysts were studied for the generation of H2by methanol steam reforming (MSR) and its purification by preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PrOx). Initially, it was possible to generate a surface with whiskers and larger surface area by hydrothermal treatment of the AAM. Subsequently, the structured catalysts were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and hydrothermal synthesis (HS). IWI synthesis allowed for the deposition of a larger amount of catalytic material than HS, with very good adhesion. The TiO2-IWI structured catalyst presented a homogeneous catalytic coating, with the presence of agglomerated particles. On the other hand, Cu-Zn-IWI showed good dispersion of the deposited particles with a homogeneous surface coating. EDX analysis corroborated the presence of Ti, Cu and Zn in all the catalytic surfaces. The incorporation of Au over TiO2-IWI structured catalysts was successfully performed by IWI using a colloidal solution of gold nanoparticles. MSR was studied over the developed metallic monoliths functionalized with Cu-Zn by the IWI method. The samples showed promising results in terms of activity, selectivity, and stability. Both diluted and concentrated methanol + water feeds were assayed. Complete methanol conversion was achieved for the diluted feed. Maximum methanol conversions of 55 % with 60 % H2yield were measured when the concentrated feed was selected. Promising results were also achieved for the Au-based structured catalysts in the CO-PrOx in an H2-rich atmosphere. Although CO conversions of approximately 60 % were achieved, operating with higher catalyst loadings would be recommended to reach the high CO conversions required for PrOx catalysts.
Abū Zayd al-Balkhī and the Naṣīḥat al-mulūk of Pseudo-Māwardī
Authors: Marlow Louise
Published: April 2016

The authorship of the
„Does Distribution Matter?”
Authors: Neubäumer Renate
Published: April 2016

In this paper consequences of a rising income inequality for state activities and the role of economic policy are discussed. Using a simple model it is shown that an increasing income inequality leads to a higher government’s share of GDP though the state does not take over more responsibilities, and a higher tax share though rates of taxation are not increased. That forces economic politicians to act. If they want to prevent an increase of the tax share, transfer share and / or government’s share of GDP, they must move away from socially accepted value judgments upon social standards, the degree of redistribution by taxes and / or an adequate supply with public good.
Die Begrenzung der CO2-Emissionen von Pkw – Ein wohlkonzipierter Beschluss der EU-Kommission?
Authors: Frondel Manuel , Schmidt Christoph M.
Published: April 2016

As part of its efforts to reach the targets of the Kyoto Protocol, the European Commission published in December 2008 a resolution on a new directive to reduce the per-kilometer CO2 emissions of newly registered automobiles. This paper critically assesses this resolution with respect to its economic and technological underpinnings. We argue that the resolution’s reliance on per-kilometer emissions targets not only conceals the true costs of compliance and thereby stifles informed public discourse, but is also less cost-effective than alternative measures such as emissions trading. We examine the resolution’s underlying assumptions, finding that these misrepresent the current state of automotive technology and therefore may overestimate the feasibility of achieving the suggested emissions targets. Three alternative targets are consequently proposed that are argued to more accurately reflect the industry’s current technological status and its future evolution.
Die Bedeutung monetärer Größen für die deutsche Wachstumsschwäche 1995–2005
Authors: Dovern Jonas , Jannsen Nils , Scheide Joachim
Published: April 2016

Between 1995 and 2005, the German economy has experienced a phase of weak economic growth. We analyze whether this weak growth performance can be attributed to the stance of monetary conditions during that period. We show that the real effective exchange rate did have almost no dampening effects on growth. On the contrary, the introduction of the euro and the single monetary policy for the euro area seem to have contributed significantly to the low trend growth rate in Germany between 1999 and 2005.
Die Aufteilung der Erlöse aus Humankapitalinvestitionen – Eine Analyse mit Hilfe der kooperativen Spieltheorie
Authors: Hiller Tobias
Published: April 2016

This paper employs the χ-value to analyse who benefits from investments in general or in specific human capital, the employer or the employee. Within this framework, we replicate the standard results of human capital theory.
Redistributional Consequences of Decentralizing the Tax-Transfer Scheme
Authors: Lohse Tim
Published: April 2016

Ausgehend von dem Umstand, dass Umverteilung in einem Föderalstaat zwei Dimensionen hat - zum einen die Einkommensumverteilung zwischen reicheren und ärmeren Bevölkerungsteilen und zum anderen die Umverteilung von reicheren zu ärmeren Regionen - analysiert der Aufsatz die Fragen, wie Steuern und Transfers ausgestaltet sein sollten und welche staatliche Ebene überhaupt die steuerliche Gesetzgebungskompetenz haben muss, damit diese beiden Arten der Umverteilung in wohlfahrtsmaximierender Weise verwirklicht werden können. Mittels eines Modells mit zwei Regionen und einer die Föderation regierenden Zentralregierung werden hierzu verschiedene Szenarien der Zentralisierung bzw. Dezentralisierung des Steuer- Transfer-Systems im Hinblick auf ihre regionalen und föderalen Umverteilungswirkungen miteinander verglichen. Die Analyse belegt, dass regionsspezifische Steuer- Transfer-Systeme in Verbindung mit einer pauschalen Umverteilung von der reichen zur armen Region optimal sind. Dabei kann es sogar durchaus gesamtwirtschaftlich sinnvoll sein, so stark zwischen den beiden Regionen umzuverteilen, dass sich das Verhältnis von armer und reicher Region umkehrt.
Effects of population development on the economic level of the regions in Germany
Authors: Eckey Hans-Friedrich , Kosfeld Reinhold , Muraro Nina
Published: April 2016

Gegenstand des Artikels ist die Schätzung einer Translog-Produktionsfunktion, die die Auswirkungen der Bevölkerungsentwicklung auf die Produktion heute und im Jahr 2020 betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine Entwicklung hin, die zu steigenden Disparitäten führt. Schon heute ist ein starkes Stadt-Land-Gefälle zu beobachten. Der Einbezug der Bevölkerung im Jahr 2020 unterstützt dieses Ergebnis zusätzlich mit dem Nachweis eines Ost-West-Gefälles zwischen den östlichen eher peripheren und den westlichen verstädterten Regionen. In den weiteren Betrachtungen wird zusätzlich ein Nord-Süd-Gefälle deutlich. Hier ist in den süddeutschen Regionen eine höhere Zunahme des Faktors Arbeit als in den übrigen Regionen zu beobachten.

Allgemein profitieren die Städte von Zuwanderung, während die peripheren Regionen mit Schrumpfungstendenzen konfrontiert sind. Eine Betrachtung aus wirtschaftspolitischer Sicht deckt den verstärkten Zielkonflikt zwischen Wachstum und Verteilung auf.
Zur Reform des Rating-(Un)Wesens
Authors: Beck Hanno , Wienert Helmut
Published: April 2016

The market for ratings suffers from several inefficiencies: asymmetric information and moral hazard lead to conflicts of interest and principal-agent-problems. Moreover, network externalities and economies of scale lead to a lack of competition in the market for ratings. There is empirical evidence for market inefficiencies as ratingshopping, herding or slow adjustment of wrong ratings to a changed environment. As a remedy for these problems, we suggest a fund where rating-orders are pooled and rated by means of a double-blind-approach. Each issuer of a security gives his product into a pool and rating agencies which meet the standards of the pool are free to tender for the mandate to rate the product. Several aspects how to set up such a pool and possible problems are being addressed in this paper.
Zur juristischen Begründung des ‚Rettungsschirms‘
Authors: Meyer Dirk
Published: April 2016

The financial and guarantee aids within the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism suspend the Stability and Growth Pact as the basis of the European Economic and Monetary Union. The actual ‘suspension’ from the ‘no bail-out’ restriction (Art. 125 TFEU) and the prohibition of funding national debts (Art. 123 TFEU) transfers risks and financial burdens from deeply indebted states to solvent EU member states. This is the beginning of an unauthorized ‘transfer union’.

This analysis does not display any evidence of market failure with respect to a potential domino effect for other EU member states. In addition, a destabilizing speculation cannot be identified. The case ‘Greece’ is rather a special case which has become a common model for other member states, caused by the Council of the European Union and the aid packages. Speculations build a part of the observable market reactions apart from pure hedging, but they simply indicate political system errors.

The interventions by the European Central Bank do not lead to functioning markets. These interventions rather lead to yield structures that are inadequate in terms of risks and scarcity. Therefore they will cause a misallocation of financial resources with high economic costs.
News Shocks and Optimal Simple Rules
Authors: Winkler Roland C. , Wohltmann Hans-Werner
Published: April 2016

This paper evaluates the performance of optimal simple policy rules in the presence of news shocks. It is shown that the inclusion of forward-looking elements enhances the performance of simple optimized interest rate rules when agents learn about future disturbances in advance. We provide a rationale for this result by demonstrating that, if shocks are news shocks, the optimal unrestricted control rule under commitment contains as a basic principle a forward-looking element.
Sind konsumbasierte Kapitalmarktmodelle mit europäischen Wertpapierrenditen vereinbar?
Authors: Auer Benjamin R.
Published: April 2016

This paper analyses whether the consumption based capital asset pricing model is consistent with asset return data from Denmark, Italy, Norway and Austria. The performance of the CCAPM is evaluated by applying the nonparametric methodology of Hansen and Jagannathan (1991) and adopting five alternative specifications of utility. In addition to standard power utility the recursive preferences model proposed by Epstein and Zin (1989) is adopted. Both internal and external habit formation (persistence) using the models proposed by Constantinides (1990), Abel (1990) and Campbell and Cochrane (1999) are also considered. The findings are evaluated using the test of Burnside (1994) and the pricing error measure of Hansen and Jagannathan (1997). It is found that the majority of models produce stochastic discount factors consistent with the data (at mostly low degrees of risk aversion). As far as the pricing errors of the models are concerned the model incorporating recursive utility can be considered best.
Konsolidierung, Effizienz und Stabilität: Sind große Banken leistungsfähiger als kleine?
Authors: Gischer Horst , Richter Toni
Published: April 2016

Although recent experiences made during the ongoing international financial crisis call for smaller entities in banking systems, consolidation still takes place in many industrialized economies. The often stretched argument that large banks are able to establish economies of scale as well as economies of scope, ignores at least the risks of financial intermediaries becoming ‚too big to fail‘ or ‚too interconnected to fail‘. Our analysis presents reliable evidence that even the assumption that big banks are less inefficient than small ones is far away from being convincing. We apply a range of indicators to test for both performance and risk taking capability of banks in different financial systems. Our findings suggest empirical merits of diversified banking systems and higher systemic risk for financial industries dominated by global players.
Ersetzt die Neue Ökonomische Geographie Außenwirtschaftstheorie und Raumwirtschaftstheorie?
Authors: Schöler Klaus
Published: April 2016

The New Economic Geography has two advantages in comparison with the traditional Theory of International Trade. On the one hand, the transport costs are included into the respective models. On the other hand, the factor endowment in the regions or countries is not given in the same way as in the traditional Trade Theory, but it is a result of different transport costs. The New Economic Geography has also great advantages in the field of Regional Economics. It is possible to explain the phenomenon of agglomerations by means of a total microeconomic model with economies of scale in one industry, monopolistic competition and heterogeneous goods. The New Economic Geography completes the traditional theories - Trade Theory and Regional Economics - in important aspects, but does not yet replace these approaches.