bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Óleo de Neem (Azadirachta indica) nos parâmetros parasitológicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos de ovinos naturalmente infectados por nematoides gastrintestinais
Authors: SOARES FILHO Cecilio Viega , ROSA Patrícia Raquel Basso , COSTA Ricardo Lopes Dias da , SPADA Júlio César Pereira
Published: September 2015

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a administração do óleo de Neem na redução dos valores de ovos por gramas de fezes em ovinos naturalmente infectados por nematóides e protozoários gastrintestinais, verificar a dinâmica populacional dos endoparasitas através da coprocultura e avaliar os padrões hematológicos, bioquímicos, ganho de peso e escore corporal, em condições de manejo em pastagens. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos mestiços Santa Inês divididos em dois grupos (C - Controle e T - tratados com óleo de Neem), uniformes em peso vivo e de acordo com os resultados do volume globular e número de ovos por gramas de fezes, das análises realizadas previamente ao começo do experimento. Os animais T receberam 2,5 ml kg-1 de peso vivo do óleo de Neem por via oral com duas administrações em intervalos de 14 dias. No dia da aplicação e a cada sete dias após o tratamento foram feitos exames coprológicos. Pesagens, avaliação da condição corporal exames hematológicos e bioquímicos foram realizadas individualmente a cada quatorze dias. A utilização do óleo de Neem (Azadirachta indica), na quantidade administrada e nas condições deste experimento, não é eficaz no controle dos endoparasitas gastrintestinais, não provoca alterações nos padrões hematológicos e bioquímicos e nem compromete o ganho de peso e o escore corporal dos ovinos.
Avaliação de diferentes doses de eCG na ressincronização da ovulação em vacas nelore lactantes submetidas à IATF
Authors: DOROTEU Emanuel Mourão , OLIVEIRA Rodrigo Arruda de , PIVATO Ivo
Published: September 2015

O objetivo foi avaliar o uso da eCG na ressincronização (RS) em vacas Nelore lactantes, conhecer a interação entre dose, presença ou não de cio, presença ou não do corpo lúteo (CL) e taxa de prenhez. Foram utilizadas 775 vacas na 1ª IATF e as vazias (449) foram ressincronizadas após 30 dias. Realizou-se exame ultrassongráfico (US) antes da primeira IATF e no momento da RS para observar a presença ou não do CL. No dia 0 (D0) foi inserido dispositivo intravaginal (DIV) com 1 g de progesterona e aplicação intramuscular (IM) de 2mg de Benzoato de Estradiol. No D8 o DIV foi retirado, aplicado IM 1mg de cipionato de estradiol e 0,53mg de cloprostenol sódico. No D8 o Grupo-0 (G0) não recebeu aplicação de eCG, o G200 recebeu 200 UI e o G300 300 UI. Foi observado cio entre a retirada do DIV e a IATF. Todas as vacas foram inseminadas 48 horas após a retirada do DIV. O US foi realizado 30 dias após a IATF. Os tratamentos não alteraram a ocorrência de prenhez nas que apresentaram cio. Nas vacas que não apresentaram cio, não existe houve diferença na ocorrência de prenhez entre o G200 e o G300, mas sim com o controle. A taxa acumulada de prenhez após 40 dias da estação de monta foi de 77,54%. A taxa acumulada de prenhez em 40 dias viabiliza a RS como uma forma de otimizar o manejo reprodutivo nas fazendas de corte.
Life history traits influence in gonad composition of two sympatric species of flatfish
Authors: Alvarez Juan Luis Gadea , Bessonart Martín , Magnone Larisa , Féola Florencia , Salhi María
Published: September 2015

AbstractParalichthys orbignyanus and Paralichthys patagonicus are flatfish with different life history traits, having in common the condition of breeding in seawater. Paralichthys patagonicus remain their whole life in open seawater and Paralichthys orbignyanus are sometimes found in brackish water bodies. As marine and estuarine food webs have different fatty acid (FA) compositions, the aim of this study was to characterize the gonadal maturation of P. orbignyanus and P. patagonicus females through the analysis of lipid content and FA profile in order to understand to what extent life history traits are reflected in the ovarian composition. During gonadal maturation lipid content increased and FA profiles changed in both species, but the lipid increase was greater in P. orbignyanus. The N-3FA and n-3HUFA proportions increased in both species but were higher in P. orbignyanus. The differences between the lifestyles of these species were reflected in the ovarian FA profile mainly as a result of differences in their FA metabolism, causing a greater accumulation of n-3FA and n-3HUFA in P. orbignyanus than in P. patagonicus. The higher lipid accumulation in P. orbignyanus’ ovaries could indicate that this species, feeding in brackish water bodies, has the possibility of storing more energy than P. patagonicus.
The reproductive performance of the Red-Algae shrimp Leander paulensis (Ortmann, 1897) (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) and the effect of post-spawning female weight gain on weight-dependent parameters
Authors: Zimmermann Uwe , Carvalho Fabrício Lopes , Mantelatto Fernando L.
Published: September 2015

AbstractDecapod species have evolved with a variety of reproductive strategies. In this study reproductive features of the palaemonid shrimp Leander paulensiswere investigated. Individuals were collected in the coastal region of Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. In all, 46 ovigerous females were examined in terms of the following reproductive traits: fecundity, reproductive output, brood loss and egg volume. Leander paulensis produces a large number of small eggs with an average fecundity of 635 ± 246 eggs. Egg volume increased significantly from early (0.034 ± 0.008 mm3) to late development stage (0.05 ± 0.012 mm3). The reproductive output did not correlate with female size. The weight of females bearing stage 2 eggs was significantly higher than that of females carrying stage 1 eggs. We assume that the reason for this weight gain is the recovery of female reserves that have been depleted for egg production. Moreover, we emphasize that this weight gain must be considered when evaluating weight-dependent variables such as reproductive output or brood loss in relation to female weight. Otherwise, an overestimation of these variables might lead to inaccurate results.
Single cell gel electrophoresis as a tool to assess genetic damage in Heleobia cf. australis (Mollusca: Gastropoda) as sentinel for industrial and domestic pollution in Montevideo bay (Uruguay)
Authors: Villar Silvia , Kandratavicius Noelia , Martinez Stefanie , Muniz Pablo
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe knowledge of the extent of DNA damage in aquatic organisms in polluted areas is an important issue because contamination may alter their health at sublethal levels. Although molluscs have been widely used to monitor water pollution, there are no records of in vivo genotoxicity studies. Heleobia cf. australis, is distributed in almost all Uruguayan coastal ecosystems, including highly polluted sites. The comet assay is a damage genetic biomarker based on the migration of negatively charged DNA fragments produced by mutagenic agents in individual cells. Live individuals were collected in the Montevideo Bay (impacted area) and Laguna Garzón (control) to analyze the presence of mutagenic agents in the former site through comet assay. Cells from organisms of the impacted area showed significantly higher levels of genetic damage than those obtained in the control population, measured by percentage of DNA in the tail. Although preliminary, this approach supports the idea that H. cf. australis could be used as a sentinel to evaluate the presence of mutagenic agents in estuarine environments, alerting to the impact of contamination in its early stages.
INTEGRAÇÃO DE DADOS DE IMAGENS ORBITAIS DE ALTA RESOLUÇÃO E ALS PARA DETECÇÃO SEMI-AUTOMÁTICA DE EDIFICAÇÕES EM ÁREAS URBANAS
Authors: Silva Felipe Martins Marques da , Araki Hideo
Published: September 2015

Resumo:Atualmente, sensores de alta resolução espacial e radiométrica adquirem imagens onde feições terrestres são representadas por pixels de resolução espacial submétrica. Aliado a isto, o ALS (Airborne LiDAR System) - tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto ativo de varredura a laser acoplada em aeronaves - é capaz de coletar dados de altimetria de milhares de coordenadas de pontos na superfície terrestre. A integração destas tecnologias é desejada, pois geram dados complementares. Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia para detecção de edificações em ambiente urbano, utilizando imagem GeoEye(r) e dados ALS, baseada na segmentação de objetos, e submetidos a um processo de classificação baseada em árvores de decisão. Os dados adquiridos pelo ALS permitem gerar o MDS (Modelo Digital de Superfície), o MDT (Modelo Digital de Terreno) e o MDSn (Modelo Digital de Terreno normalizado) da área de estudo. Com o MDS e a imagem GeoEye, fez-se a ortorretificação da imagem, a qual, junto com o MDSn, foi segmentada pela ação do segmentador FLSA (Full-Lambda Schedule Algorithm). Amostras representativas das classes de interesse, foram usadas para treinar o processo de classificação, com a finalidade de criar regras de decisão. Os experimentos realizados buscaram verificar os atributos mais importantes para a detecção de edificações
Pathological and parasitological characterization of infection by trematodes (Paramphistomatidae) in the large intestine of capybaras
Authors: Avelar Isabela de Oliveira , Silva Ana Patrícia Carvalho , Gardiner Chris , Santos Renato de Lima , Lima Walter dos Santos , Ecco Roselene
Published: September 2015

Gross and histological lesions caused by an intestinal parasite were described in three capybaras. The parasites presented a mean length of 14 mm and width of 7 mm, were round to oval or piriform, reddish and pedunculated, and adhered strongly to the mucosa of the large intestine. The intestinal mucosa at the parasite attachment site presented loss of surface epithelium and most glands, with replacement by fibrovascular proliferation that protruded from the mucosa and was involuted by the ventral sucker of the parasite. The lamina propria presented cellular debris, eosinophils, macrophages and plasma cells. The morphological characteristics, observed using serial histological sections, made it possible to classify the parasite as a trematode (Paramphistomatidae), compatible with Taxorchis schistocotyle. One capybara also harbored many ciliated protozoa in the large intestine (at the site of attachment of the parasite) and inside the caeca of the trematodes. In conclusion, this study described a multifocal necrotizing colitis associated with T. schistocotyle parasitism in capybaras.
A Reinterpretation of the Baturetno Formation: Stratigraphic Study of the Baturetno Basin, Wonogiri, Central Java
Authors: Putra Purna Sulastya , Yulianto Eko
Published: September 2015

DOI:10.17014/ijog.2.3.125-137This paper focuses on the Quaternary Baturetno Formation. An earlier research concluded that the black clay of the Baturetno Formation formed as a ‘palaeolake’ deposit. The ‘palaeolake’ was interpreted to form due to the shifting course of the Bengawan Solo Purba River in relation to Pliocene tectonic tilting in the southern Java. The stratigraphy of the Baturetno Formation was observed in the western part of the Baturetno Basin, and based on marker beds, the Baturetno Formation was classified into three units: (1) Gravel unit (GR) in the upper part, (2) clay unit (CU) in the middle part, and (3) sand-gravel unit (SG) in the lower part. There are floating gravel fragments of andesite, claystone, coral, and limestone with diameters of up to 10 cm in the clay unit. The particle size of sediment reflects the environment, but the lake deposition occurs under very quiet conditions. The occurrence of these fragments within the clay cannot be explained if the clay was deposited within a lake environment. The occurrence of floating fragments in the black clay of Baturetno Formation can best be explained through mudflow process. The cohesive strength of the mudflow is responsible for the ability of large fragments to float within the mud matrix. In general, the Baturetno Formation is inferred to be an alluvial fan deposit. The presence of sand, gravel, and mud are characteristics of alluvial fan deposits.
School Principals as Agents of the Russian Education Reform
Authors: Kasprzhak Anatoly , Filinov Nikolay , Bayburin Rustam , Isaeva Natalia , Bysik Nadezhda
Published: September 2015

The paper revolves around the results of a research on school principal decision-making styles conducted in eight regions of the Russian Federation (one per federal district) in 2014, using the methodological approach by Alan J. Rowe. The study aimed to assess the reformist potential of Russian school principals. We believe that this potential is determined in the present context by the leadership style which suggests cooperation with teachers in decision-making processes and delegating them responsibilities under conditions of uncertainty and high cognitively complex tasks. Using the two-factor leadership model proposed by Bernard M. Bass, we suggest that either transformational or transactional leadership style may be efficient depending on school situation. Consequently, two types of leaders may be the most efficient in terms of school reformation: (1) principals with the conceptual decision-making style as dominant and the analy tical one as backup— they are ready to make changes and are likely already implementing them; (2) principals with the analytical leadership style as dominant and the conceptual one as backup—they are potentially prepared to adapt under changing conditions or if required to change by external influences. Assessment of the reformist potential among the existing school principal staff in Russia shows only 12% of school principals in eight regions apply the conceptual decision-making style having a backup analytical style—it’s them who can be classified as transformational leaders. Only 11% will implement changes efficiently under a specific context—those are transactional leaders who are likely to change their leadership style for transformational one.
University Environment and Student Entrepreneurship: The Role of Business Experience and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy
Authors: Shirokova Galina , Tsukanova Tatyana , Bogatyreva Karina
Published: September 2015

The study aims to assess how different types of entrepreneurial capital provided by universities affect student involvement in entrepreneurship. The role of university is analyzed from the embeddedness perspective, where purposeful behavior is largely affected by network relationship and the trust that exists in such relationship. We used data of the Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey (GUESSS) as empirical basis for research. A hierarchical regression data analysis revealed that university initiatives to develop human and social capital influenced positively the extent to which students were engaged in entrepreneurship, while financial capital provided by universities had negative effects. We also investigated the moderating effects of previous business experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. It was found that previous experience was able to weaken the correlation of all the three types of resources provided by university with the range of student startup activities, including the negative effect of access to financial capital. Meanwhile, entrepreneurial self-efficacy intensifies this effect, abating the positive effects of university support for human and social capital development.
Racial, Ethnic, or National Minority? Legal Discourses and Policy Frameworks on the Roma in Hungary and Beyond
Authors: Pap Andras L.
Published: September 2015

Inspired by recent Hungarian legislative developments that, in reference to the Roma minority, exchanged the term “ethnic minority” with “nationality”, by providing a detailed case study of the development and morphology of policy measures and frameworks in Hungary, the article provides a general assessment of the relationship between policy instruments and terminology: that is, definitions and conceptualizations in international and domestic legal and policy documents for minority groups. The author argues that while terminology in itself is not a reliable signifier for policy frameworks, it may reveal contradictory group conceptualization and inconsistent policy-making. In regards to the Roma, the author claims that the inconsistent labelling as an ethnic, racial and national minority reflects the lack of consistent conceptualization of who the Roma are, and what should be done with them.
The Power of Discourse: Reflections on the Obstacles to Social Inclusion of Roma in Serbia
Authors: Vidojević Jelena , Perišić Natalija
Published: September 2015

The authors explore the discourses around the exclusion of the Roma in Serbia in two dimensions: social welfare sector and media reports. The paper is structured around the presentation of dimensions contributing to multiple deprivation of Roma in society (from education to labor market participation, social welfare and health care, as well as housing); a review of public policies directed toward the improvement of their position; and analysis of the discourses on Roma within the contexts of the social welfare sector and media reporting. A review of related literature and public policy documents was followed by a qualitative analysis of media reports as well as a review of the secondary sources regarding media discourses on the Roma. This was followed by evidence gathered from semi-structured interviews and discussions with stakeholders in the social welfare sector. The main conclusions of the paper point to the mutual reinforcement of the discourses on the Roma in the social welfare sector and media reports, with their subsequent mutual contribution to social exclusion.
Expert Frames: Scientific and Policy Practices of Roma Classification. By Mihai Surdu. Budapest: Central European University Press, 2015, 267 pp., ISBN 978-963-386-113-4.
Authors: Matras Yaron
Published: September 2015

The book offers a critique of current political and academic discourse on Roma, and calls for a “de-politicisation” of Romani ethnicity. While the critique of various disciplines’ approaches to Roma is pertinent, the book fails to acknowledge the solid linguistic evidence for the Indian origin of the Roma.
Community Engagement and Health Equity
Authors: Boston P. Qasimah , Mitchell M. Miaisha , Collum Kourtney , Gravlee Clarence C.
Published: September 2015

The Health Equity Alliance of Tallahassee (HEAT) is a diverse team of academic and community members interested in examining existing health disparities and in improving the health of those experiencing social or economic disadvantage. In 2010, HEAT designed a Heart Health study to examine the causes of high blood pressure and heart disease among African Americans living in Tallahassee, Florida. The study aimed to understand how the social environment, neighborhood conditions, social relationships, experience of stress, and the stress of racism impacts health. This paper discusses the community engagement plan used to involve Tallahassee residents in a dialogue and conversation about the HEAT Heart Health (HHH) Study. Using the example of HHH, we argue for a community engagement approach that involves community residents in all processes of a research study, including the reporting of findings.
Exploring the Cultural and Social Context of Black Infant Mortality
Authors: Brown Speights Joedrecka S. , Mitchell M. Miaisha , Nowakowski Alexandra C. H. , De Leon Jessica , Simpson Ivana
Published: September 2015

This community-based participatory research study explores perceptions about infant mortality among Black women in Leon and Gadsden counties of North Florida. It emphasizes engagement and leadership for community organizers and health profession students and partnership building across disciplines. Three focus groups were conducted with Black women (N=20) ages 19 to 68. Participants responded to questions about infant mortality definitions, community impacts, sociocultural causes, prevention strategies, health care access, and racial dynamics. Content analysis with open coding was used to identify key themes. Findings suggest that infant mortality in local Black communities stems from interconnected individual, family, community, health system, and societal factors. These include discrimination, socioeconomic challenges, female burden, stress, cultural taboos, health care access, psychosocial support, educational opportunities, and intergenerational communication. Participants describe community outreach, education, and advocacy as ideal solutions.
Molecular study on genital wart patients in Babylon province-Iraq
Authors: Mahdi Al Saadi Israa Abbas , A.K. Al Saadi Mohammed
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to molecular identification of HPV genotypes in genital wart patients in their blood samples in Babylon province-Iraq. This work was applied on (40) genital wart patients admitted to the outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology in Merjan Medical City, Hilla-Iraq and private clinic during the period from November (2013) to March (2014). The patients consist of (16 males and 24 females) with their age range (2-48) years, while (20) apparently health controls which consist of (males and females) with age range approximately matched to genital wart patients. Blood samples were collected from both patients and controls to identify the genotypes of HPV by molecular methods by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results of this study showed (15%) positive for HPV genotypes. The positive results of HPV genotypes were (high risk group) for this virus.
Webcam no contexto da antropologia digital
Authors: Machado Monica
Published: September 2015

A resenha do livro salienta as bases teoricas da antropologia digital, bem como ressalta como as relacoes socio-culturais mediadas pela Webcam ganham novos contornos no mundo contemporaneo: a reflexao sobre a auto-consciencia, a nocao de lugar e intimidade, os sentidos de pertencimentos familiares e afetivos. Trata-se de uma importante contribuicao para as relacoes entre consumo, mediacao tecnologica e vida socio-cultural.
Exposição infantil à publicidade em sites de jogos do Brasil e da Espanha
Authors: Craveiro Pâmela Saunders Uchôa , Pellón Daniel Martí
Published: September 2015

O presente artigo tem como objetivo confirmar dados gerais sobre a pressão publicitária que afeta as crianças ao brincarem em páginas de jogos na internet. Para alcançar tal objetivo, aplicamos os referenciais teórico-metodológicos da análise de conteúdo em uma amostra de sites de jogos acessados por um grupo de crianças do Brasil e da Espanha.
Molecular characteristics and expression profile of the Rheb gene in Rongchang piglets (Sus scrofa)
Authors: Gan Ling , Mei Hongyuan , Yang Binyu , Zuo Fuyuan
Published: September 2015

To give some insights into the genetic functions of Rheb signaling pathway in Rongchang piglets, this study reported the identification of complete coding sequence of the Rheb gene in Rongchang piglets and indicated that the complete coding region sequence is 555bp in length and encodes 184 amino acids, containing nearly all the conserved protein domains in the Rheb protein family. The deduced amino acid sequence identity between the Rongchang pig and sheep, cattle, or goat is 100%, 99% and 98%, respectively. Spatial transcriptional profile analysis indicated that the Rheb gene is expressed at remarkably high levels in both salivary gland and brain, especially in hypothalamus and ventral hippocampus (VH) regions of brain. Developmental expression profile analysis revealed the expression pattern is different between brain sub-regions and salivary gland of these two breeds of piglets, with the similar expression pattern despite various mRNA levels between Rongchang and Large White piglets.
Productive performance of Red Kandhari and its Jersey crosses in different lactations
Authors: Kharkar Kranti , Kuralkar S. V. , Hadge M. R.
Published: September 2015

The data on 481 lactation records including 204 records of Red Kandhari cows and 277 records of Jersey x Red Kandhari crossbred cows were collected from Cattle Unit, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, (MAFSU), Parbhani over a period of 27 years (1977-2004). The lactation milk yield for first, second, third, fourth and fifth and above lactations for Red Kandhari cows were 375.16±34.15 kg, 458.17±37.62 kg, 450.91±26.74 kg, 532.69±67.74 kg and 674.29±82.09 kg, respectively and for Jersey x Red Kandhari crossbred were 1100.28±73.18 Kg, 1318.50±135.20 Kg and 1353.92±91.61 Kg, 1549.77±188.47 kg and 1438.37±48.89 kg, respectively. The first lactation length and first dry period in Red Kandhari cows were 273.30±10.33 days and 239.05±21.88 days, while in Jersey x Red Kandhari crossbred cows were 302.68±9.19 days and 86.72±8.90 days, respectively. The least square analysis of variance for first, second and third and more than three lactations for lactation milk yield, lactation length and dry period showed that the genetic group had significant source of variation for all traits in all lactations except first and second lactation length. Sire within genetic group had significant source of variation for first lactation milk yield and all traits of third and more than three lactations. Season and period of calving had non-significant influence on all the traits in all lactations except first dry period. It was also observed that the improved performance in all the traits under study in Red Kandhari cow and Jersey x Red Kandhari crossbred cow was observed in fourth and fifth and above lactations.
The influence of Chakawar (Cassia tora) and Khesari (Lathyrus sativa) seeds on the growth and biochemical performance in the blood of albino rats
Authors: Singh J. , Verma T. , Kumar D.
Published: September 2015

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of Chakwa (Cassia tora) and Khesari (Lathyrus sativus) seeds as animal feed supplement in the albino rats. Twenty five albino rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups of five each. The albino rats were fed on the basal ration (maize 25% + Bajra 25% + Gram chunni 50%) in group I (G1). In rest of the groups, 50% gram chunni was replaced with 50% unboiled L. Sativus (G2), 50% boiled L. Sativus (G3), 50% unboiled C. tora (G4) and 50% boiled C. tora (G5). The experimental feeding was conducted for a period of 42 days. The complete randomized block design (CRBD) was used for the analysis of data. The result revealed that the values of ether extract, crude fibre, total ash, calcium and phosphorous were found highest in Chakwa seed groups than the values obtained in Khesari seed groups. The feed efficiency ratio in group G3 was comparable to control group while it was nearly doubled in Chakwa fed groups. The feed intake and body weight gain was significantly (p
Synergistic effect of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes and synbiotics on performance, nutrient retention, gut health and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken fed corn-soybean meal based low energy diets
Authors: Narasimha J. , Nagalakshmi D. , Rao S. T.Viroji , Venkateswarlu Dr. M. , Reddy Y. Ramana
Published: September 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effect of NSP enzymes and synbiotics supplementation in a corn-soybean meal based low energy diet. A total of 150 broilers were allocated to five treatment groups. Supplementation of NSP enzymes and synbiotics significantly (P supplementation of NSP enzyme and / or synbiotics to BD, while Intestinal viscosity and E. coli count reduced significantly (Pombination to BD. Overall supplementing BD with NSP enzymes along with synbiotics improved FCR, nutrient retentions, tibia ash and reduced cost of production compared to SD and BD in broilers.
Ethnoveterinary treatment of sheep in Marwar region of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Meena M. L. , Sharma N. K. , Singh Dheeraj
Published: September 2015

The present study was carried out in the purposively selected Marwar region of Rajasthan. A multistage stratified random sampling design was used to select the districts, blocks, villages and sample households. A sample of 240 households was selected for the present study. Data were collected personally through a well structured and pre-tested interview schedule. It was found that majority of the households (66.25%) were initially providing self medication using traditional practices and in cases of severity of disease/ailment, village quack was consulted. Vaccination of sheep was followed in only 48.75 per cent of the selected households. In addition, in only 36 households (31.25%) the sick animals were isolated from the flock. A variety of traditional practices were observed being followed for treatment of various ailments and diseases of the goat and sheep with the use of locally available material, herbs, etc.
Diagnosis of dermatophilosis in dairy cattle in Kerala, India
Authors: Tresamol P. V. , Saseendranath M. R.
Published: September 2015

Skin scabs and scrapings from 82 dermatitis cases in dairy cattle were subjected to detailed bacteriological, mycological, parasitological and molecular studies. Microscopical examination of Giemsa or Gram’s stained smears of scab material from the lesions revealed characteristic gram positive septate branching filaments with typical tram track appearance suggestive of Dermatophilus congolensis in 72 samples (91.5%). Culture of scab materials in sheep blood agar under anaerobic condition yielded typical beta haemolytic colonies of D. congolensis in 75 samples, which were further confirmed by colony morphology, staining characters and biochemical reactions. Molecular confirmation of the isolates was carried out using polymerase chain reaction with primers based on 16S rRNA which yielded specific band of 500bp. The pathogenicity of the isolates was also proved by experimental inoculation into rabbits.
Econometric modelling approaches in studies of the EU dairy sector
Authors: Prišenk Jernej , Sabljic Dino , Zrakic Magdalena , Turk Jernej
Published: September 2015

The model is a representation of the genuine situation and contains the most important factor relations, which makes modelling a sophisticated way of analyzing and solving the real case study problems. The models steam from the theory and are derived on the basis of given assumptions. In this paper we have treated two themes: Estimating Econometric model of average total cost milk and, modelling and analyzing the European milk and dairy market. The first part is a review of the support vector machine regression application to estimate the parameters of econometric models of the average total cost of milk on Estonian farms. The second part describes a decline in dairy commodity prices over the period from 2008 and 2009. However, the medium-term trend of prices is maintained at a level above those in the earlier part of this decade. Production in the EU is almost unchanged due to the milk quota which is revealed by AGMEMOD model.
Adoption of cattle rearing practices by Red Kandhari cattle owners
Authors: Thombre B. M. , Suradkar D. D. , Deshmukh Jyoti M.
Published: September 2015

Red Kandhari and Deoni are the important cattle breeds of Marathwada region. Red Kandhari cattle in pure form and its crosses with Deoni cattle and non descriptive cattle are seen sporadically in all the seven districts of Marathwada region. So the present investigation was undertaken to study the adoption of cattle rearing practices by Red Kandhari cattle owners in Nanded district. It was observed from research that, maximum score was obtained for adoption of regional cattle breeds. The results regarding adoption of feeding practices for Red Kandhari cattle revealed that maximum score was given to use of gruel mixture after parturition and higher score 126 possessed by the practice i.e. feeding of colostrum to newly born calf. The category wise adoption index revealed that breeding practices (76.56) got first position followed by feeding practices (63.66) for Red Kandhari cattle. Lack of green fodder throughout the year and high price of concentrate (96.25%) were the major constraints faced by Red Kandhari cattle owners.
Investigation of different extraction procedures for the determination of major and trace elements in coal by ICP-AES and ion chromatography
Authors: Tasic Aleksandra , Sredovic-Ignjatovic Ivana , Ignjatovic Ljubisa , Andjelkovic Ivan , Antic Malisa , Rajakovic Ljubinka
Published: September 2015

This paper presents the extraction of major and trace elements from a coal
sample, in deionized water, by using three different extraction techniques.
Rotary mixing and ultrasonic extraction were examined for different
extraction times, while the microwave assisted extraction was performed at
different temperatures. Metal concentrations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Be,
Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, As, Ni, Se, Sb and Pb) in a solution were determined by
employing the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry;
whereas the results obtained for Na, K, Ca and Mg were compared employing ion
chromatography. Comparing the rotary and ultrasonic-assisted extraction it is
shown that the former is more efficient for the determination of Fe, Na and
Pb, whereas the latter one has proven more efficient for the determination of
Co and Cr ions. Microwave-assisted extraction has proven the most efficient
method for any elements tested in coal. In addition, sequential extraction of
elements was done using microwave digestion. The results of sequential
extraction experiments indicated associations of investigated elements with a
mineral phase and organic matrix. Sequential extraction provided information
on possible leaching of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe and Mn in environmental
conditions.
Protein Biomarkers for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Two Large Community Cohorts
Authors: Nowak Christoph , Sundström Johan , Gustafsson Stefan , Giedraitis Vilmantas , Lind Lars , Ingelsson Erik , Fall Tove
Published: September 2015

Insulin resistance (IR) is a precursor of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and improved risk prediction and understanding of the pathogenesis are needed. We used a novel high-throughput 92-protein assay to identify circulating biomarkers for HOMA of IR in two cohorts of community residents without diabetes (n = 1,367) (mean age 73 ± 3.6 years). Adjusted linear regression identified cathepsin D and confirmed six proteins (leptin, renin, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1ra], hepatocyte growth factor, fatty acid–binding protein 4, and tissue plasminogen activator [t-PA]) as IR biomarkers. Mendelian randomization analysis indicated a positive causal effect of IR on t-PA concentrations. Two biomarkers, IL-1ra (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.03–1.59) and t-PA (HR 1.30, 1.02–1.65) were associated with incident T2D, and t-PA predicted 5-year transition to hyperglycemia (odds ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.02–1.65). Additional adjustment for fasting glucose rendered both coefficients insignificant and revealed an association between renin and T2D (HR 0.79, 0.62–0.99). LASSO regression suggested a risk model including IL-1ra, t-PA, and the Framingham Offspring Study T2D score, but prediction improvement was nonsignificant (difference in C-index 0.02, 95% CI −0.08 to 0.12) over the T2D score only. In conclusion, proteomic blood profiling indicated cathepsin D as a new IR biomarker and suggested a causal effect of IR on t-PA.
Risk factors for suicide, attitudes toward mental illness, and practice-related stressors among US veterinarians
Authors: Nett Randall J. , Witte Tracy K. , Holzbauer Stacy M. , Elchos Brigid L. , Campagnolo Enzo R. , Musgrave Karl J. , Carter Kris K. , Kurkjian Katie M. , Vanicek Cole F. , O'Leary Daniel R. , Pride Kerry R. , Funk Renee H.
Published: September 2015

Objective—To evaluate the prevalence of suicide risk factors, attitudes toward mental illness, and practice-related stressors among US veterinarians.

Design—Cross-sectional survey.

Sample—11,627 US veterinarians.

Procedures—Between July 1 and October 20, 2014, a Web-based questionnaire was made available through the Veterinary Information Network (VIN), VIN News Service, JAVMA News, and email messages to US veterinarians sent by a veterinary medical association, agriculture or livestock department, or health department of each state (except Maine) and Puerto Rico.

Results—Of 11,627 respondents, 3,628 (31%) were male. Modal age category was 30 to 39 years, and modal range for years practicing veterinary medicine was 10 to 19 years. There were 7,460 (64%) respondents who primarily practiced small animal medicine, and 4,224 (36%) who were practice owners. There were 1,077 (9%) respondents with current serious psychological distress. Since leaving veterinary school, 3,655 (31%) respondents experienced depressive episodes, 1,952 (17%) experienced suicidal ideation, and 157 (1%) attempted suicide. Currently, 2,228 (19%) respondents were receiving treatment for a mental health condition. Only 3,250 of 10,220 (32%) respondents somewhat or strongly agreed that people are sympathetic toward persons with mental illness. The most commonly reported practice-related stressor was demands of practice.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this survey, approximately 1 in 11 veterinarians had serious psychological distress and 1 in 6 experienced suicidal ideation since leaving veterinary school. Implementing measures to help veterinarians cope with practice-related stressors and reducing barriers veterinarians face in seeking mental health treatment might reduce the risk for suicide among veterinarians.
Prospective randomized double blind comparison of analgesic efficacy of single shot epidural bupivacaine with or without dexamethasone in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries
Authors: Rayamajhi Anuj Jung , Bhattarai Balbrishna , Shah Birendra Prasad
Published: September 2015

Background: Epidural block with local anaesthetic with or without additives is being used for perioperative analgesia. Various additives have been used to enhance the effect of regional blocks including epidural blocks. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding a single shot epidural dexamethasone to bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia and dose of rescue analgesics used.Methods: A prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted in 90 adult patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery. The patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received 9ml of 0.5% bupivacaine plain with 1 ml of normal saline. Group 2 received 9ml of 0.5% bupivacaine plain 9 ml with 1 ml of dexamethasone (4mg). After standard balanced anesthesia technique, patients were observed in postoperative period for pain and hemodynamic variables accordingly.Results: Our study showed significantly longer duration of analgesia of 468 minutes (almost 8 hours) when dexamethasone was added to bupivacaine for single shot epidural injection compared to 271 minutes (approximately 4 and half hours) when bupivacaine alone was used (p<0.001). Consumption of rescue analgesic, Tramadol, was significantly lower in dexamethasone group in 24 hours (169.31±50.82 mg in Group 1 and 114.77±60.59mg in Group 2, p<0.001). No adverse events were noted.Conclusion: Addition of dexamethasone to bupivacaine for single shot epidural block almost doubled the duration of analgesia. Single shot epidural block using bupivacaine with addition of dexamethasone provides effective post operative analgesia and significantly reduced the postoperative rescue analgesic requirement.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 2015; 2(2): 46-51
Non opioid rectal suppositories in post cesarean delivery pain management - a randomized trial
Authors: Murshed Hasan , Haque Mozibul , Islam Rofiqul , Ferdousi Mahmuda Ashrafi , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: September 2015

Background: Frequent administration of intravenous or intramuscular analgesics is cumbersome in developing countries where skilled nursing staffs are at scarcity. We compared analgesic efficacy between regimen using rectal suppositories only (diclofenac and paracetamol) and regimen using conventional (fixed dose schedule) intramuscular pethidine in patients undergoing cesarean section.Methods: This prospective randomized single blind study included 144 patients undergoing both emergency and elective cesarean section. Suppositories group received diclofenac (50 mg) and paracetamol (1000 mg) suppositories regimen eight hourly for the first 24 hours. Pethidine group received intramuscular pethidine (75mg) eight hourly for the 24 hours. Effectiveness of analgesic regimen was inferred from visual pain score and satisfaction score.Results: Mean visual pain score in two groups was not statistically significant. But higher satisfaction score (Mean ±SD 6.36±1.306 vs 5.83±1.061; p<0.05) and less consumption of rescue analgesic (p < 0.001) was observed in suppositories group than pethidine group. No incidences of abnormal lochia /post-partum hemorrhage or other side effects were found in any study patient.Conclusions: The analgesic regimen using suppositories has not only enhanced patient satisfaction also reduced opioid consumption, thus reduced frequency of intramuscular injection in postoperative ward following cesarean sections.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 2015; 2(2): 56-61
Ketamine as an alternative to midazolam co-induction to propofol: a comparative study
Authors: Yadav Rupesh Kumar , Bajracharya Gautam Ratna , Pokharel Jeju Nath
Published: September 2015

Background: Induction of anesthesia with propofol is known to produce systemic hypotension. Co-induction adds a small dose of other anesthetics to reduce the dose of induction agent to decrease hemodynamic disturbances. The aim of the study was to compare hemodynamic changes associated with Midazolam and ketamine as a coinduction agent with Propofol and to compare induction dose of Propofol following the co-induction.Methods: Fifty adult patients undergoing elective surgery to be performed under general anesthesia were randomized to receive 0.3 mg/kg of Ketamine or 0.03 mg/ kg of Midazolam intravenously as co-induction agent. A minute after administration of co-induction agent, anesthesia was induced with Propofol 40 mg bolus then 10 mg every 10 seconds until the loss of verbal response. The hemodynamic response at 0, 1, 2, 5 minutes respectively and the induction dose of Propofol were noted.Results: The mean arterial pressure heart rates were significantly lower at 1, 2 and 5 minutes in midazolam group. However, mean arterial pressure and heart were within the physiological range in both the groups. Propofol dose requirement for induction between the two groups was similar (p>0.05) but co-induction significantly decreased the induction dose of Propofol as compared to standard recommended dose for induction.Conclusion: Our study showed that hemodynamic variables were maintained within the physiological range with midazolam and ketamine co-induction. However, lesser degree of decrease in mean arterial pressure was seen with ketamine but the heart rate was higher. A similar reduction of induction dose of propofol was achieved with both the drugs.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 2015; 2(2): 62-66
Perception of the new post graduate students of anaesthesiology about the speciality - a questionnaire based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bhar Sudeshna , De Anisha , Bhar Debasish , Bhattacharyya Chiranjib , Pal Suchismita , Biswas Chaitali , Santra Sankari , Maji Sunanda
Published: September 2015

Background: Previous studies revealed that the undergraduate medical students have a poor perception about the anaesthesiologists. But, there is paucity of such studies on the postgraduate students. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the perception of the first year post graduate students pursuing anaesthesiology on various professional aspects of this speciality.Methods: A questionnaire-based anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted on 63 first year postgraduate students of anaesthesiology from seven medical colleges under the West Bengal University of Health Sciences. Data were collected from the students on the day of admission. The questionnaire elicited information on demographic characteristics, functions and health hazards of anaesthesiologists and perception of students about this discipline. The responses were sorted out, coded and analyzed.Results: Involvement in the intra-operative period (84%), critical care (58%), and chronic pain management (40%) were recognized as major functions of an anaesthesiologist. Their role in preoperative and postoperative care was appreciated only by 16% and 18% students respectively. 48% students mentioned ignorance about health hazards associated with practise of anaesthesiology. They considered this discipline stressful, dependent and unrecognised.Conclusions: This study concludes that there exists an inconsistent perception of the roles of anesthesiologists among the new post graduate students. It specifically identifies various potential areas to improve student’s awareness regarding the widespread domain of this discipline.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 2015; 2(2): 67-72
Adult fiberoptic bronchoscope assisted tracheal intubation in a child with extremely limited mouth opening
Authors: Biswas Binay Kumar , Choudhuri Pratiti , Bhattarai Balkrishna , Agarwal Bikash
Published: September 2015

Tracheal intubation under vision in a child with extremely limited mouth opening requires the aid of pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscope. Often there can be only adult size bronchoscope in a center leading to a difficult situation when compromised pediatric airway requires stabilization. Aim of this case report is to describe the technique and feasibility of use of an adult fiberoptic bronchoscope for tracheal intubation of in child with extremely inadequate mouth opening unsuitable for conventional intubation. A 9-year-old boy with temporo-mandibular joint ankylosis was admitted for exploration of mastoid abscess under general anesthesia. In the absence of a pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscope we performed nasotracheal intubation of the child with the aid of an adult bronchoscope while maintaining spontaneous breathing with inhalational anesthetics. In remote locations, in centers with inadequate/nonworking equipments and in emergency situation where appropriate equipments are not available, adult fiberoptic bronchoscope may be helpful for tracheal intubation of pediatric patient.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 2015; 2(2): 80-83
Anaesthesia for awake craniotomy with the use of dexmedetomidine in combination with propofol infusion and ProSeal laryngeal mask airway
Authors: Shrestha Gentle Sunder , Koirala Megha , Karki Prakash , Bista Navindra Raj , Sedain Gopal , Nath Moda
Published: September 2015

Awake craniotomy for resection of tumour in the eloquent cortex aims to maximize tumour resection while sparing important areas of the brain. It poses several challenges to an anaesthesiologist. The goal is to provide adequate sedation, analgesia, and respiratory and haemodynamic control, but also an awake and cooperative patient for neurological testing. Here we report a case of awake craniotomy conducted safely with asleep-awake-asleep technique using dexmedetomidine infusion, scalp block and controlled ventilation with ProSeal laryngeal mask airway.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 2015; 2(2): 84-86