bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeological conditions of Irpin and their influence on the city’s engineering protection and construction assessment
Authors: Zhyrnov P.V. , Solomakha I.V.
Published: March 2023

The scheme of engineering-construction assessment, which is created based on engineering geological zoning of the city’s territory is desirable among additional graphic materials in the design of master plans projects as determined by state building norms [State…, 2012]. Engineering geological zoning provides for different ranks’ selection of taxonomic engineering-geological (EG) units, which have a particular range of common engineering geological conditions that ultimately determine the construction sites’ affiliation to a specific suitability category. Geological-lithological structure and hydrogeological conditions of the Irpin city, Kyiv region are investigated, and the types and degrees ofgroundwater aggressiveness, chemical composition, and mineralization of groundwater, the depths of the first aquifers from the day surface are highlighted in this article. A variant of the creation of large-scale maps of groundwater depth and chemistry based on a hydrogeological survey conducting is presented. The analysis of hydrogeological circumstances of the city’s territory lays the foundations for the selection of engineering-geological sites based on the comparison of this information with geomorphological, engineering-geological and geodynamic data. Complexity assessment of hydrogeological conditions and accounting of hydrogeological factors for the construction assessment scheme and selection of corresponding measures of engineering training and protection of the problem construction sites has become an ultimate result.
Application of batch manufactured flexible micro-grinding tools on copper and oxidized copper surfaces
Authors: Steinhoff Lukas , Dencker Folke , Wurz Marc Christopher
Published: March 2023

As copper is a rather difficult material to machine due to its ductility compared to aluminium, this study presents the approach of oxidizing the surface to improve the results of the grinding process. Therefore, batch manufactured flexible micro-grinding tools are used for grinding of copper and oxidized copper surfaces to machine microstructure or local areas of functional surfaces. Besides, we show a comparison of the performance of an abrasive layer made of silicon carbide (SiC) and cubic boron nitride (cBN). The tools are made of a polyimide-based abrasive layer and silicon as substrate and are fabricated by photolithography and deep reactive ion etching. The oxidation of copper surfaces is done by electrochemical processes and are directly machined with grinding tools. The surface quality is evaluated concerning the surface roughness by optical measurements with confocal microscopy. Lower roughness values are achieved on both, the pure copper and the oxidized copper by using SiC grinding tools. On pure copper this is reflected in a reduction of the arithmetical mean roughness value Ra to 0.04 µm. The unprocessed reference surface shows an Ra of 0.24 µm. In addition, the machined oxidized surfaces show a reduction of the mean roughness depth Rz from 7,60 µm to 1.10 µm, which is an optimization of factor 2 compared to the machined non-oxidized copper surfaces (2.32 µm). The machining of copper with cBN micro-grinding tools also shows improved roughness values, but in comparison to the SiC tools these are 50 % higher for machined copper surfaces and similar for machined oxidized copper surfaces. While the oxidation of the copper surface has a positive effect on the surface quality, no effect on tool wear can be observed.
EVALUATING L2 VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT FEATURES USING LEXICAL DENSITY AND LEXICAL DIVERSITY MEASURES
Authors: Abu-Rabiah Eihab
Published: March 2023

Most of the research on lexical measures was conducted in English and conducted similarly in other languages without accurate adaptations to the language being tested. The first objective of this study is to identify differences between applications of lexical density and lexical diversity when tested as in English and when adapted to the language being tested. The second objective is to inspect the effect of acquisition time on intermediate-level second-language learners' lexical density and diversity. In a test-retest study over one year, Arabic Hebrew bilinguals (n=23) wrote argumentative essays, in which lexical density and diversity were analyzed according to two approaches; a conventional approach as in English and an adapted approach more aligned with Hebrew linguistic features. In both approaches, lexical density was calculated as the number of lexical words in proportion to the total number of words and lexical diversity using the type-token ratio (TTR) and Corrected TTR (CTTR). Findings reveal statistically significant differences between the two approaches and the adapted approach allowed for cross-language and interlanguage comparisons. Although no significant increase in lexical density and diversity over the year was found, various patterns for lexical development were observed; at the second time point, students with the lowest level of lexical diversity substantially improved and more essays fell within the lexical density range of a typically written language.
Judicial law-making as a way to overcome the "exceptional legal problem" in continental and general law
Authors: Yasynyok D.
Published: March 2023

The article examines issues related to the enforcement process in civil proceedings both in the field of continental and common law. In particular, the work draws attention to the fact that today a new procedural and legal reality has essentially emerged in the civil justice system of Ukraine, when the settlement of disputed relations is carried out at the expense of judicial law-making in the presence of legislative gaps.

At the same time, the author emphasizes that although courts do not make law, but in the presence of legal inconsistency of legal norms or their uncertainty regarding disputed relations, the court is forced to resort to judicial law-making in the presence of incompleteness, vagueness or contradiction of legal norms or their absence.

The institution of judicial law-making also has a place in the field of general (precedent) law. Unlike continental law, the basis for such a law-making process is a legal case, which is overcome at the expense of the law-making process, based on the judge's perception of justice, existing social and moral values, customs or traditions.

The work reveals the different legal nature of judicial law-making, which is inherent in both continental and common law. In particular, the work claims that judicial law-making in continental law is based exclusively on current legislation, within which there are legislative gaps. Thus, judicial law-making in continental law will always have a local character, as it is aimed exclusively at filling local legislative gaps (vacuities), and therefore it cannot go beyond a certain field of statutory law. At the same time, judicial law-making in common law is of a general nature and is not based on statutory law, as it is aimed at overcoming a legal case during which a new legal doctrine, principle or new rule or provision is formed. For these reasons, judicial law-making in continental law will never "pass" into the sphere of common law, although in both the first and second cases, legal formulas created by judges to settle disputed relations may be of an imperative nature for law enforcement practice and those other courts.

Thus, the presence of the institution of judicial law-making in both of these legal families gives grounds for asserting that continental and common law, albeit slowly, are beginning to converge and penetrate each other's procedural matter.
Digital rights in the civil legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Karandas M.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the study of "digital rights" in the civil legislation of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of Ukrainian legislation, concepts of the development of provisions of national legislation in the field of "digital rights", scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, international experience of implementing "digital rights" in certain countries of Europe and South America, providing practical recommendations for improving Ukrainian civil legislation in the above-mentioned topic. Attention is drawn to gaps in national legislation in the analyzed area. Examples of practical application of "digital rights" are given.

The article analyzes the concept of "digital rights", the "Internet" network, the right to anonymity, and gives its own definition of the mentioned terms. It is summarized that the given terms need to be legislated. A list of "digital rights" that need to be codified has been determined: the right to free access to the Internet, the right to digital self-determination, the right to use electronic tools of democracy, the right to anonymity, and the right to be forgotten. The importance of the codification of the above-mentioned group is argued, and attention is focused on the advantages that Ukrainian society will have after the introduction of the specified rights into the national legislation. The practice of the European Court of Human Rights is analyzed. Statistical data showing an increase in the number of users of the digital space is taken into account as one of the reasons for the codification of the specific group of "digital rights". 

As a conclusion, it was established that the current Ukrainian legislation, which regulates the highlighted issue, needs fundamental changes and improvement and the creation of a comprehensive approach to the settlement of the specified issue. A conclusion was also made about the possibility of introducing a defined list of "digital rights" into the updated Civil Code of Ukraine.
Legal aid in court of first instance in civil process
Authors: Shpak M.
Published: March 2023

In the scientific article study of issues of legal aid in the court of first instance in civil proceedings. The author of this scientific work notes that since the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century in Ukraine, significantly complicated opportunities activities of lawyers who are able to provide a special type of legal aid (professional juristic) interested persons in cases that are considered in civil proceedings.

The work of lawyers in civil proceedings became very difficult through constant novelty in currently legislation (including national civil procedural).

In this scientific article, the author believes that considering the circumstances that Ukraine received the status candidate in the European Union is also a major challenge about the need for improvement a number of legislative acts which are related activities of lawyers in courts of the 1st instance in civil proceedings.

The author of this article thinks that need a solution to the problem of improvement provisions regarding the lawyer's request and its examination by the court at the level of the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine.

In this regard, the author propose to the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine add a new article 951.

It is emphasized, activity of a lawyer in civil proceedings who provides a special type of legal aid (professional legal aid) is what helps not only for clients, and for justice and civil proceedings.

In this scientific work is described of special importance legal aid in civil process in courts of first instance. This instance of civil proceedings is primary and on it the applicant is trying protect rights for the first time.

The author of this scientific article believes that in 2022 year legal aid in civil cases which are considered in courts of first instance got special importance. This is due to many factors.
Release and mitigation of liability of participants in anti-competitive actions for reporting them to anti-monopoly authorities: the issue of improving the grounds and procedure
Authors: Lipinsky V.
Published: March 2023

The liability mitigation mechanism has significant potential to increase the likelihood of serious and difficult-to-investigate anti-competitive offenses by encouraging offenders to cooperate with antitrust authorities by providing them with evidence and information on the circumstances of their anticompetitive liability in order to be granted more favorable legal consequences of their participation in relevant anti-competitive offense. However, the provisions of the competition law of Ukraine provide for the release of only the participant in anti-competitive practices, who was the first to voluntarily notify the competition authority and provide information that is essential for decision-making in the case. The shortcomings of our domestic legislation in this part are, firstly, insufficient regulation of the procedure for determining the eligibility of a participant in anticompetitive practices with the conditions for release from liability and, secondly, the lack of any statutory legal incentives for those participants in anticompetitive actions that report anti-competitive practices later after the first participant. Referring to the best foreign experience and the most progressive positions of the world scientific community, it is obvious that the legislation of Ukraine should be amended with a provision that an economic entity that is not the first to notify the antitrust authority of its participation in anticompetitive actions may expect mitigation of his liability, provided that he provides evidence that has significant added probative value in addition to the evidence already available to the competition authority. The Law of Ukraine on Protection of Competition should as well be supplemented with the provision that economic entities that intend to submit a notice of participation in anticompetitive concerted actions should be given the opportunity to secure for a reasonable period of time a priority in applying for this notice to its formal submission in accordance with all applicable rules, etc., to enable the applicant to prepare all necessary information and documents to comply with the rules on discharge in terms of the value of evidence for the investigation of anti-competitive concerted practices.
Termination of the proceedings in administrative cases in the conditions of the regal regime of martial law
Authors: Shkuropatskyi O. , Shkuropatska M. , Artiushenko O.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of the relevance of procedural legislation during martial law and the possibility of conducting administrative proceedings by courts under the existing legal regulation.

The norms of the current legislation, which regulate the issue of suspension of proceedings in administrative proceedings and the effectiveness of their application in the conditions of the introduction of the legal regime of martial law on the territory of Ukraine, have been studied. The authors draw attention to the fact that under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine, courts are faced with the problem of changes in the performance of their functions by subjects of authority, in the work of legal entities, changes in the place of residence/stay, and the presence of the parties to the administrative process in the territories , temporarily not under the control of Ukraine, the lack of communication with the participants in the case makes it impossible for the court to consider existing cases, while the procedural legislation does not provide for the possibility for the court to get out of the conflict situation, without violating the rights of the participants in the process or the terms of consideration of the case. The article considers the cases of the possibility of stopping the proceedings in administrative cases, in cases in which their consideration during the martial law becomes impossible without observing the basic principles of judicial procedure, in particular, staying in the territory temporarily not under the control of Ukraine, the transfer of the participant in the case - the subject of the authorities in a simple , if one of the parties or a third person is a military unit, a military serviceman in cases where such persons are in a combat zone, when the place of registration is located in a territory temporarily not under the control of Ukraine, being in captivity or being declared missing; stay in the service or assigning the participant to the subjects involved in rescue and other work aimed at eliminating the consequences of military aggression.

The provisions of Clause 5, Part 1, Art. 236 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine and it is emphasized that the legislator, when choosing the wording of the specified article, chose the term "is in the composition" and not "is serving in the composition", which indicates the universality of the specified norm for both individuals and legal entities, in particular military units .

Ways to solve the issue and changes that can be made to the current legislation to get out of the conflict situation without violating the rights of the participants in the process or the terms of the case are proposed.
Multi-level Analysis on Factors Influencing Career maturity of High School Students
Authors:   Korea Univ. Institute of Educational Research, SUN Ae-Kyoung
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify student and school-level factors that affect the career maturity of general high school students in Seoul, and explore the effect of teachers' perceptions and attitudes, using data from SELS(9th year). For achieving the research purpose, multi-level analysis was applied. The findings indicate that among the student-level variables, participation in career activities, career activity satisfaction, and recognition of college admission information have a significant effect on career maturity. Among the school-level variables, all of the variables related to the operation of the career guidance program do not significantly affect career maturity, and it is confirmed that only the number of career information sources used by teachers has a negative effect on student career maturity. Also, it is found that the interaction between students' career activity satisfaction and teachers' perception of college admission guidance, students' recognition of college admission information, and teachers' recognition of CESSR has a significant effect on career maturity. Based on the results, this study suggests that it is necessary to develop a “consumer-centered” program with a practical effect to increase student satisfaction and use appropriate information to improve the systematic career education guidance method and develop an organic link between teachers and students' recognition of career guidance.
A Educational Analysis on Reverence of Chu Hsi
Authors:   Korea Univ. Institute of Educational Research, Han jiyoon
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the ‘reverence’ of Chu Hsi is only ‘learning method’, ‘the process of learning’, ‘the process of learning’ is a ‘learning method’. According to the context, ‘reverence’ is classified as follows from an educational point of view. First, ‘to seek for the lost mind’, ‘concentration of one's attention on a thing in order for desires not to confuse one's mind’, ‘solemn mind and calm oneself in daily life’, ‘awakening mind’ is ‘reverence’. And ‘reverence’ is ‘learning method’. Second, depending on the context, ‘reverence’ corresponds to ‘the process of learning’ with the reverence ‘learning method’ as the basic elements. In ‘the process of Lesser Learning’, learners learn by imitation of virtue as a reverence ‘learning method’. And in ‘the Great Learning process’, learning is accomplished by doing what one knows the principle of the mind with the ‘learning method’ that is always awake. As described above, depending on the context, the ‘reverence’ of Chu Hsi may refer to the ‘learning method’ and ‘the process of learning’ composed of the ‘learning method’ elements, the reader must grasp it analytically to be able to fully apply it in practice.
A Study on the Job Analysis of Health Teacher(School Nurse) using DACUM
Authors:   Korea Univ. Institute of Educational Research, Kim Jhong Yun , Choi Ji Soo , Cho Dae Yeon
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to provide information through job analysis of health teachers(school nurse) in order to provide student-centered high-quality health management and health education services at school. For this study, literature review were executed, and DACUM (Developing a Curriculum) workshops were held for job analysis of health teacher. Through DACUM, 11 duties and 132 tasks were derived.
Afterwards, a survey was conducted for health teachers nationwide, and a total of 3,721 people participated in this survey. According to the analysis result, the average value of 75% or more, which is the average value of performing among the 132 tasks, was set as the criterion for determining the list currently being performed. was derived from a list. Then, based on 9 duties and 81 tasks, the health teacher questionnaire was analyzed, and the results are as follows.
First, as a result of arranging the daily working hours of 9 duties and 81 tasks, the average daily working hours of health teachers were derived as 10.24 hours. Second, within 10.24 hours, the average daily working hours of public health teachers, health management was 8.7 hours (84.6%), health education 0.9 hours (8.4%), and other areas 0.7 hours (7.0%). Through this, it was confirmed that the health teacher mainly spends most of their work time on the health management of the students instead of health education.
A Comparative Study between ‘Green-smart Future School’ in Korea and ‘Future Ready School’ in the U.S : Focusing on Policy Goals and Policy Means
Authors:   Korea Univ. Institute of Educational Research, Sun Ae kyoung , Yoon Ji Hee
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to compare ‘Green-smart Future School’ in Korea and ‘Future Ready School(FRS)’ in the United States, and to derive implications for the successful implementation of Korea's future education policy. The subject of the analysis focused on ‘policy goals’ and ‘policy means’. First, Korea’s policy goals have a lesser clarity than the United States due to fragmented goals and high symbolism. Second, compared to the unified policy goals of FRS, Korean policy goals lack consistency due to less logical connectivity among sub-goals and mutual contradiction. Third, the policy enforcement agencies of Green-smart Future School were subdivided, compared to the FRS’ unified manner entrusted to non-profit organizations. Fourth, the Korean compliance securing means was confirmed by normative persuasion and coercion, and the U.S compliance securing means was confirmed by normative persuasion and support. Based on this, four suggestions were derived as follows: First, even considering the positive aspects of symbolic ambiguity of policy goals, it is necessary to present clearer policy goals for the correct directionality of policy execution. Second, the setting of a single policy goal makes it difficult to exercise flexibility in the field, but a consistent logical goal system is required for successful policy execution. Third, it is necessary to establish a policy execution system corresponding to a new paradigm of future education. Finally, to induce compliance with future education policy stakeholders, active support through two-way communication must be accompanied.
The Association Between Academic Stress and Depressive Symptoms of High School Students in South Korea and China
Authors:   Korea Univ. Institute of Educational Research, Huyan Xinyi , Kim Kyungmin , Lim JungHa
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to compare the level of academic stress and depressive symptoms and examine the relative effects of academic stress on depressive symptoms of high school students in South Korea and China. A sample of 564 high school students in Seoul, Korea, and Beijing, China participated. Academic stress and depressive symptoms were evaluated using a self-report questionnaire. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, two-way ANOVAs, and hierarchical regression analyses. Major findings were as follows. First, the female students reported significantly higher overall academic stress and depressive symptoms compared to the male students. Students in South Korea reported significantly higher levels of study stress and career stress than students in China. However, significant differences in stress arising from expectations of parents and teachers and stress arising from self-expectations were found as a function of gender in the Chinese sample, while those did not found in the South Korean sample. Second, study stress, career stress, and stress arising from self-expectations influenced depressive symptoms both in South Korean and Chinese samples. However, academic performance stress influenced depressive symptoms only in the South Korean sample. These results were discussed in the similarities and differences in South Korean and Chinese culture.
HYPOTHESES TESTING OF VARIABLES OF BASIC SCIENCE TEACHERS’ ON PERFORMACE OF STUDENTS’ IN UPPER BASIC SCHOOLS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Abidoye Florence , Abidoye Adekunle Omotayo
Published: March 2023

The study was carried out on hypotheses testing of variables of basic science teachers’ on academic performance students’ in Upper Basic Schools Kwara State, Nigeria. This target population for the study was all Basic Science Teachers in Kwara State, Nigeria, four hundred and sixty-nine (469) Public Upper Basic Schools. The researcher designed teachers' questionnaire and was administered to one hundred and thirty five (135) Basic science teachers that were selected from forty-five Upper Basic Schools in Kwara State. Researcher-designed validated questionnaire was used to extract data from the respondents on the teachers 'influence on the performance of students in Upper Basic Schools. Three research questions were raised with two hypotheses which were tested. Percentage, t-test statistics and ANOVA were used to analyze the facts collected. The finding showed that influence of Basic science teachers on the performance of students in Upper Basic Schools in Kwara State, Nigeria was significantly. It was also significant based on year of teaching experience and academic qualification of Basic science teachers. According to the findings, it is suggested that; the educational authorities and the school system should encourage the use of available resources by providing for them, the necessary materials that will influence Basic Science performance and enhance students learning. State government and proprietors of private secondary schools should organize seminars and workshops for science teachers on regular basis especially for the public schools’ science teachers. Professionally qualified Basic Science teachers should be allowed to teach Basic Science
Bellator Equus. The Late Republic and the Extinction of the Citizen Cavalry
Authors: István Fábián
Published: March 2023

The Roman Cavalry of the Late Republic could cope with the more “traditional” units of the Hellenistic world, moreover it proved to a be rather versatile in terms of equipment and tactics, even though many historians considered, to be ineffective. Due to the many new challenges on the battlefield and in Roman policy citizen cavalry was doomed to extinction. The present paper analyses a few military and political causes its disappearance.
Diabetic nephropathy with primary membranous nephropathy: A case report
Authors: Ma Donghong , Hou Yulong , Jia Xinyan , Guo Minghao
Published: March 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common microvascular diseases in diabetes. Primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in adults. Incidence of DN and PMN are increasing. DN complicated with PMN is rarely reported. We report a case of DN with PMN. Early diagnosis is very important, and appropriate treatment can often achieve good results.
Treatment with rituximab and hydroxychloroquine in a patient with membranous nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy: A case report
Authors: Ning Xiaoyuan , Xu Na , Chen Mengke , Xu Jiayun
Published: March 2023

Nephrotic syndrome (NS), which includes primary and secondary types, is one of the causes of end-stage kidney disease. Common causes in adults include diabetic nephropathy (DN), membranous nephropathy (MN), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. About 30%–40% of diabetics can develop into DN. The incidence of primary nephrotic syndrome in diabetic patients was not significantly different from that in the general population. Herein we present a windfall from the treatment of rituximab combined with hydroxychloroquine in a patient with primary MN and DN. A 51-year-old Chinese man, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) 12 years ago, was admitted to the hospital due to edema of bilateral lower limbs and severe proteinuria. Serology showed the obvious elevation of the anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (anti-PLA2R) level and renal biopsy showed MN concomitant with DN. After low dosage of prednisone and standard dosage of rituximab, the patient’s proteinuria decreased; however, the effect was unsatisfactory and proteinuria was elevated again in 8 months. Thus, treatment with rituximab and hydroxychloroquine was initiated, which resulted in proteinuria diminishing significantly and albumin returning to normal level. Therefore, even complicated with DN, patients diagnosed with primary MN still have a promising remission after being treated with rituximab and hydroxychloroquine.
PERBANDINGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI ASAM LEMAK PADA AMPAS KOPI MENGGUNAKAN METODE SOXHLET DAN MASERASI
Authors: Berghuis N. T. , Maulana P.
Published: March 2023

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi asam lemak pada bubuk kopi dengan metode sokhletasi (S) dan maserasi (M) terhadap ampas serta bubuk kopi sehingga menghasilkan minyak kopi. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah membandingkan prosentase kelimpahan asam lemak di dalam bubuk kopi melalui perbandingan metode ekstraksi. Perhitungan yang dilakukan diantaranya adalah %rendemen, %Asam lemak bebas (ALB). Sedangkan karakterisasi produk hasil ekstraksi dilakukan dengan analisis KLT, spektroskopi FTIR serta analisis GC-MS. Hasil rendemen yang didapatkan pada sampel S (sokletasi ampas kopi), M1 (maserasi ampas kopi , dan M2 (maserasi bubuk kopi) berurutan adalah 18,69%; 5,62%; 5,95%. Sedangkan hasil analisis GC-MS didapatkan % kelimpahan asam lemak oleat dan palmitat secara berurutan pada sampel M1 adalah 18%; 82%. Untuk sampel M2 adalah 71,7%; 16,6%. Untuk sampel S adalah 54,6%; 45,4%. Sedangkan %ALB pada sampel M1, M2, dan S secara berturut adalah 29,3%; 1,1%; 3,2%. Karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan interaksi vibrasi yang muncul pada semua sampel adalah vibrasi tekuk ikatan C=C alkena (722 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan C-O alkohol tersier (1163 cm-1), vibrasi tekuk ikatan CH alkana (1460 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan C=O karboksilat (1744 cm-1), vibrasi Streching ikatan CH alkana (2926 cm-1), dan vibrasi Streching ikatan O-H asam karboksilat (3007 cm-1).

Kata Kunci: ekstraksi, bubuk kopi, GC-MS, maserasi, soklet.

ABSTRACT

        In this study, the extraction of fatty acids in coffee powder by soxhlet (S) and maceration (M) methods was carried out to produce coffee oil. The purpose of this study was to compare the percentage of fatty acid abundance in coffee grounds through a comparison of extraction methods. The calculations performed including % yield and % free fatty acids (ALB). Meanwhile, the characterization of the extracted product was carried out by TLC analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and GC-MS analysis. The yield obtained for the samples S, M1, and M2 was 18.69%; 5.62%; 5.95%, respectively. The GC-MS analysis results showed that the percentage of abundance of the oleic and palmitic fatty acids in the sample M1 was 18% and 82%, in the sample M2 was 71.7% and 16.6%, as well as in the sample S was 54.6% and 45.4% , respectively. While the percentage of ALB on samples M1, M2, and S was 29.3%; 1.1%; 3.2%, respectively. FTIR characterization showed that the vibrational interaction appeared in all samples were the bending vibration of the C=C alkene bond (722 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the tertiary CO alcohol bond (1163 cm-1), the bending vibration of the CH alkane bond (1460 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the C=O carboxylate bond (1744 cm-1), the stretching vibration of the CH alkane bond (2926 cm-1), and the stretching vibration of the OH bond of the carboxylic acid (3007 cm-1).

Keywords: extraction, coffee powder, GC-MS, maceration, soxhlet.
ОБРАЗ ЄВРОПИ В ЦИВІЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ УЯВЛЕННЯХ ПАНТЕЛЕЙМОНА КУЛІША: ДИЛЕМА ВИБОРУ МІЖ “ЧУЖИМ” ТА “ЦИВІЛІЗОВАНИМ”
Authors: КУЦИЙ Іван , Куца Лариса
Published: March 2023

Метою статті є дослідження збірного образу Європи (Заходу) як форми вияву просторових та цивілізаційних уявлень в історичних працях Пантелеймона Куліша; простеження специфіки цивілізаційної ідентичності цього вченого; з’ясування його уявлень стосовно співвідношення історичних образів Русі-України та Європи-Заходу у Кулішевих історичних текстах. Методологічною основою статті обрано ментальне картографування як стратегію когнітивного відтворення географічних об’єктів в уяві вчених. Засадничою складовою використаної методології постає імагологія як спосіб вивчення образів свого / чужого. У дослідженні застосовано деконструкцію напіворієнталізму як специфічного способу сприйняття та описування Східної Європи представниками “західної” інтелектуальної думки. Наукова новизна статті полягає у тому, що вона є першою спробою спеціальної історіографічної рефлексії образу Європи-Заходу в історичних працях Пантелеймона Куліша. Висновки статті резюмують специфіку концептуалізації слов’янської цивілізаційної ідентичності в історичних працях Пантелеймона Куліша з його поглядом на Європу (Захід) як “чужий” цивілізаційний простір. Обґрунтовано, що головним репрезентантом збірного образу Заходу для вченого були німці. Простежено у його пізніх історичних текстах ознаки європоцентричного світогляду й початки толерантної рецепції атрибутів Заходу, яка виражалася у визнанні за Європою статусу “цивілізованого” і “культурного” середовища й позитивній інтерпретації європейської “просвіти”. Підсумовано, що світоглядна еволюція Пантелеймона Куліша ілюструє визначальний етап ґенези цивілізаційної ідентичності українських вчених ХІХ ст. – початок переходу від слов’янської ідентичності до європейської.
Overview of the Study on the Effect of Sucralose on Blood Glucose
Authors:   Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, Yang Junzheng
Published: March 2023

For this purpose, we collected the clinical studies evaluating the effect of sucralose intake on blood glucose since 1996; the properties and metabolic characteristics of sucralose, the changes in blood glucose levels, and related biomarkers of glucose metabolism in different populations after single and long-term intake of sucralose were also summarized and reviewed.
Evidence of Manual Physical Therapy, the Trend of the Last Twenty Years
Authors:   Fukui Health Science University, Fujinawa Osamu
Published: March 2023

Evidence of PT programs before 2010 showed that strong evidence was two (4%), moderate evidence was 35 (49%), poor or unclear evidence was 27 (38%) and no evidence or no research was 7 (10%). Evidence from 2011 to 2021 indicated strong evidence was 19 (10%) articles, moderate evidence was 95 (52%), and week evidence/unclear evidence was 46 (26%) and no evidence/no report was 14 in total.
The Sacred Use of Datura Wrightii: Four Case Reports
Authors:   University Of Southern California, Adams James David
Published: March 2023

Datura wrightii was traditionally used for sacred dreams and was used in many California Indian religions. The purpose of this writing is to present 4 case reports of people who sought the sacred use of the plant. This is contrasted with the recreational use of the plant.
Facilitation by Healthcare Professionals in Obtaining Free Legal Aid for Children Victims of Domestic Violence: Legal Principles and Problematic Aspects
Authors: Hretchenko L. L.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the article is to determine the legal status of a healthcare professional as a subject of assistance to children who are the victims of domestic violence in accessing free legal aid.

The study aims at revealing the issues of practical realization of the child's right to health care in connection with the right to access to free legal aid and the right to protect a child from all forms of violence and abusive treatment. As a result of monitoring the legislative regulation and statistics on cases related to domestic violence, the study revealed a lack of coordination between certain provisions of specialized laws and regulations, as well as a variety of statistics and reports. This makes it difficult to provide a generalized description of the state of access to free legal aid for children victims of domestic violence, in particular with the assistance of medical professionals.
Narrativas e imágenes cinematográficas: inmigrantes colombianos y extranjeros en Colombia (1999-2009)
Authors: Silva Rodríguez Manuel
Published: March 2023

Ya que el cine de ficción nos posibilita rastrear discursos y construcciones simbólicas, nos permite reconocer narrativas e imágenes asociadas a la figuración de unos rasgos comunes, constantes o diversos de un posible “nosotros”. Esta vez, en unos contextos representados por las migraciones, por las relaciones de personajes colombianos con extranjeros. Este trabajo se propone, por lo tanto, identificar, analizar e interpretar qué tipo de elementos simbólicos y narrativos aparecen asociados a los colombianos, y por extensión a Colombia, en un conjunto de ocho largometrajes de ficción realizados durante el cambio de siglo. De ahí inquietudes como las siguientes: ¿Cómo son representados personajes colombianos en algunas películas de comienzos del siglo XXI? ¿Cómo se presentan en relación con “otros” no colombianos? En una etapa de cambio de siglo, ¿cuáles narrativas de nación se pueden reconocer en este grupo de ficciones cinematográficas? No se trata de una lectura de semiótica narrativa. Metodológicamente, el abordaje se concreta en varios conceptos que en las películas se transfiguran en imágenes y actos: espacio, cuerpos, acciones y lenguaje son las claves para buscar la legibilidad de los filmes. ¿Por qué la ficción? Ya desde Aristóteles, quien discurrió propiamente sobre la poética, reconocemos la dimensión antropológica de la ficción, su carácter constitutivo en la formación de comunidad. Más que por ser puestas en escena, las películas son ficcionales porque inventan formas de estructurar los acontecimientos. Sus narrativas también inventan el país. Sus imágenes contribuyen a formar recuerdos compartidos.
Theoretical Approaches to the Study of Security in Social Research
Authors: Topchiev Mikhail Sergeevich
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main scientific approaches to the study of security in foreign and domestic works. Security is understood differently for every country and every person. The security problems in Europe are not the same as those in sub-Saharan Africa. While in the first case we are talking about problems associated with terrorism and migration flows, in the second case - with the problems of hunger and ethno-religious violence. Various approaches to the concept of security, whether too broad or too narrow, explore one particular aspect of security: for traditional security, it is the protection of the state; for human security, it is the protection of the individual. All concepts of security, whether ecological or informational, are interconnected, and the emerging "non-traditional" concepts of security are becoming increasingly important security can be defined as freedom from all kinds of threats (physical, economic, social, political and psychological) to the existence and survival of the state, the human race and other living beings. Theories and perspectives such as idealism, realism, neoliberalism and constructivism have treated the meaning of security in different ways. The traditional view of security before and during the Cold War, which focuses on protecting the state from threats to national interests, has expanded since the end of the Cold War. Security discussions now include issues such as economic security, environmental security, food security, and personal security, among others. In addition, various schools of thought have emerged that explain security differently than the traditional concept. In particular, we can distinguish such security schools as the Welsh, Paris and Copenhagen. Despite the existence of various ideas explaining what security is and how best to guarantee the security of states and individuals, the world is still inherently insecure.
Hemorragia digestiva no departamento de emergência
Authors: Teixeira Bruna Lima de Almeida , Oliveira Yasmim Pereira Mukarzel de , Cassaniga Rafaela Almeida , Siqueira Emílio Conceição de
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Analisar as características da Hemorragia digestiva (HD) alta e baixa no cenário de emergência.  Revisão bibliográfica: A HD é causa frequente de hospitalização no departamento de emergência, sendo dividida pelo ligamento de Treitz. O sangramento que se origina acima do ligamento de Treitz geralmente se apresenta como hematêmese ou melena e é denominada de hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA), enquanto o sangramento que se origina abaixo mais comumente se apresenta como hematoquezia sendo chamado de hemorragia digestiva baixa (HDB). A HDA pode ser dividida em varicosa e não varicosa, sendo a varicosa resultado de hipertensão portal. A HDB pode ter causas anatômicas, vasculares, inflamatórias e neoplásicas. Considerações finais: A hemorragia digestiva é uma emergência médica que requer rápido diagnóstico e manejo adequado que possibilite a redução da morbimortalidade. Nesse sentido, num cenário de emergência, é essencial a avaliação da presença de instabilidade hemodinâmica juntamente com a sua correção através da infusão de fluídos cristalóides em quantidade adequada para corrigir a instabilidade sem descompensar possíveis comorbidades prévias. Em sequência, no caso da HDA deve-se prosseguir com a endoscopia digestiva alta e no caso da HDB com a colonoscopia.
COVID-19 impact on the global neurosurgery resident training course and admission: A scoping review
Authors: Dokponou Yao Christian Hugues , Nyalundja Arsene Daniel , Madjoue Arsene Desire Ossaga , Dossou Mèhomè Wilfried , Badirou Omar , Agada Nicaise , Lasssissi Katib , adjovi Fritzell Marc , Lawson Laté dzidoula , Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran
Published: March 2023

Background:

This study looks at how COVID-19 affected the admission and training of neurosurgical residents worldwide.

Methods:

From 2019 to 2021, we reviewed multiple databases (i.e., Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Hinari) to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurosurgery resident training and admission in low middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). We then utilized a Wilcoxon signed-rank test to evaluate the difference between the two LMIC/HICs and employed Levene’s test to assess the homogeneity of variances.

Results:

There were 58 studies that met our inclusion criteria; 48 (72.4%) were conducted in HIC and 16 (27.6%) in LMIC. The admission of new residents was mostly canceled in HIC (31.7%; n = 13) and in LMIC (25%; n = 4) from 2019 to 2021 due to COVID-19. Learning modalities changed to include predominantly video conferencing (i.e., 94.7% [n = 54] of cases). Further, neurosurgery was largely restricted to emergency cases alone (79.6% [n = 39]), with only 12.2% (n = 6) elective cases. The result was a marked reduction in resident surgical training (i.e., 66.7% [n = 10] in LMIC and 62.9% [n = 22] in HIC), despite increased workloads in (i.e., LMIC [37.4%; n = 6] and HIC [35.7%; n = 15]). This was attributed to the marked reduction in the number of surgical patients allotted to each resident (i.e., LMIC [87.5%; n = 14] than HIC [83.3%; n = 35]).

Conclusion:

The COVID-19 pandemic markedly disrupted neurosurgical education globally. Although differences have been found between LMICs and HICs training, the reduction of neurosurgical case-loads and surgical procedures has significantly impacted neurosurgical training. The question remains, how can this “loss of experience” be redressed in the future?
Avanos (Nevşehir, Orta Anadolu) Yöresindeki Geç Kretase Yaşlı Alkalen Plütonik ve Subvolkanik Kayaçların Jeokimyası, Mineral Kimyası ve Kristallenme Koşulları
Authors: DİVİLİOĞLU Erman , ORHAN Ayşe
Published: March 2023

Avanos’un (Nevşehir) kuzeybatısında yüzeyleyen Karahıdır plütonik ve subvolkanik kayaçları, Orta Anadolu Granitoyidleri içerisinde yer alır. İri feldispat kristalleri ile porfirik doku sunan subvolkanik kayaçlar orta-kaba taneli plütonik kayaçları keserek bölgeye yerleşmiştir. Benzer mineral içeriğine sahip olan bu kayaçlar ortoklaz, plajiyoklaz, kuvars, amfibol ve biyotit mineralleri içerir. Mineral kimyası sonuçlarına göre plajiyoklazlar andezin-albit-anortoklaz (Ab57-98), biyotitler Fe’li biyotit (annit-siderofillit) ve amfibol ise Mg-Fe’li hornblent (hastingsit-edenit) bileşimindedir. Hornblent ve biyotit bileşimleri subalkalen–alkalen magma karakterini yansıtır. Minerallerin jeotermobarometrik sonuçları, Karahıdır plütonu ve subvolkanik kayaçların 0.41-1.91 kbar basınç (P) ve 692-804°C sıcaklık (T) koşullarında kristalleştiğini göstermiştir.

Jeokimyasal olarak, Karahıdır plütonu kuvars siyenit, Karahıdır subvolkaniti ise dasit porfir andezit porfir ve trakiandezit porfir bileşimindedir. Yüksek toplam alkali (K2O+Na2O) içeriği, Fe-indeksi, büyük iyon yarıçaplı (BİYE: Rb, Sr, Ba, K) ve nadir toprak element (NTE) içerikleri ve düşük Co, Ni, Sc bolluğu, düşük CaO/Al2O3 oranı ve düşük Mg# değerleri ile karakteristiktir. Kayaçlar şoşonitik, alkali-kalsik ila alkalen, metaluminyum ila peraluminyum arasında bileşimleri sergiler. Kondrite normalize edilmiş NTE diyagramında, örnekler hafif nadir toprak elementlerce (HNTE) zenginleşmiş (La/Ybn=16.33–29.80) bir desen ve negatif-Eu [(Eu/Eu*)n=0,39–0,66] anomalisi sunar. Kayaçlar, ilksel mantoya göre bazı BİYE (Rb, K ve Th gibi) ve NTE zenginleşirken yüksek çekim alanlı elementlerce (YÇAE; Nb, Zr ve Ti gibi) fakirleşmiştir. Karahıdır plütonik ve subvolkanik kayaçları yitim bileşeni taşıyan çarpışma sonrası gelişmiş alüminyumlu A-tipi granit özelliklerini gösterir. Plütonik ve subvolkanik kayaçlar önemli kıta kabuğu bileşeni içeren litosferik ve astenosferik mantodan türemiştir.
Biocompatible, sustainable coatings based on photo-crosslinkable cellulose derivatives
Authors: Rothammer Maximilian , Strobel Philipp , Zollfrank Cordt , Urmann Corinna
Published: March 2023

Materials derived from renewable resources have great potential to replace fossil-based plastics in biomedical applications. In this study, the synthesis of cellulose-based photoresists by esterification with methacrylic acid anhydride and sorbic acid was investigated. These resists polymerize under UV irradiation in the range λ=254 nm to 365 nm, with or even without the use of an additional photoinitiator concerning the sorbic acid derivative. Usability for biomedical applications was demonstrated by investigating the adhesion and viability of a fibrosarcoma cell line (HT-1080). Compared to polystyrene, the material widely used for cell culture dishes, cell adhesion to the biomaterials tested was even stronger, as assessed by a centrifugation assay. This is all the more remarkable since chemical surface modification of cellulose with methacrylate and sorbic acid allows direct attachment of HT-1080 cells without the addition of protein modifiers or ligands. Furthermore, cells on both biomaterials show similar cell viability, not significantly different from polystyrene, indicating no significant impairment or enhancement. This will allow the future use of these cellulose derivatives as support structures for scaffolds or as self-supporting coatings also for cell culture, based solely on renewable and sustainable resources.