bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Cohort Retrieval System for Clinical Data Repositories Using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model: Proof-of-Concept System Validation (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Sijia , Wang Yanshan , Wen Andrew , Wang Liwei , Hong Na , Shen Feichen , Bedrick Steven , Hersh William , Liu Hongfang
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Widespread adoption of electronic health records has enabled the secondary use of electronic health record data for clinical research and health care delivery. Natural language processing techniques have shown promise in their capability to extract the information embedded in unstructured clinical data, and information retrieval techniques provide flexible and scalable solutions that can augment natural language processing systems for retrieving and ranking relevant records.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we present the implementation of a cohort retrieval system that can execute textual cohort selection queries on both structured data and unstructured text—Cohort Retrieval Enhanced by Analysis of Text from Electronic Health Records (CREATE).

METHODS

CREATE is a proof-of-concept system that leverages a combination of structured queries and information retrieval techniques on natural language processing results to improve cohort retrieval performance using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model to enhance model portability. The natural language processing component was used to extract common data model concepts from textual queries. We designed a hierarchical index to support the common data model concept search utilizing information retrieval techniques and frameworks.

RESULTS

Our case study on 5 cohort identification queries, evaluated using the precision at 5 information retrieval metric at both the patient-level and document-level, demonstrates that CREATE achieves a mean precision at 5 of 0.90, which outperforms systems using only structured data or only unstructured text with mean precision at 5 values of 0.54 and 0.74, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The implementation and evaluation of Mayo Clinic Biobank data demonstrated that CREATE outperforms cohort retrieval systems that only use one of either structured data or unstructured text in complex textual cohort queries.
Utilization of a Voice-Based Virtual Reality Advanced Cardiac Life Support Team Leader Refresher: Prospective Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Katz Daniel , Shah Ronak , Kim Elizabeth , Park Chang , Shah Anjan , Levine Adam , Burnett Garrett
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

The incidence of cardiac arrests per year in the United States continues to increase, yet in-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates significantly vary between hospitals. Current methods of training are expensive, time consuming, and difficult to scale, which necessitates improvements in advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) training. Virtual reality (VR) has been proposed as an alternative or adjunct to high-fidelity simulation (HFS) in several environments. No evaluations to date have explored the ability of a VR program to examine both technical and behavioral skills and demonstrate a cost comparison.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the utility of a voice-based VR ACLS team leader refresher as compared with HFS.

METHODS

This prospective observational study performed at an academic institution consisted of 25 postgraduate year 2 residents. Participants were randomized to HFS or VR training and then crossed groups after a 2-week washout. Participants were graded on technical and nontechnical skills. Participants also completed self-assessments about the modules. Proctors were assessed for fatigue and task saturation, and cost analysis based on local economic data was performed.

RESULTS

A total of 23 of 25 participants were included in the scoring analysis. Fewer participants were familiar with VR compared with HFS (9/25, 36% vs 25/25, 100%; P<.001). Self-reported satisfaction and utilization scores were similar; however, significantly more participants felt HFS provided better feedback: 99 (IQR 89-100) vs 79 (IQR 71-88); P<.001. Technical scores were higher in the HFS group; however, nontechnical scores for decision making and communication were not significantly different between modalities. VR sessions were 21 (IQR 19-24) min shorter than HFS sessions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration task load index scores for proctors were lower in each category, and VR sessions were estimated to be US $103.68 less expensive in a single-learner, single-session model.

CONCLUSIONS

Utilization of a VR-based team leader refresher for ACLS skills is comparable with HFS in several areas, including learner satisfaction. The VR module was more cost-effective and was easier to proctor; however, HFS was better at delivering feedback to participants. Optimal education strategies likely contain elements of both modalities. Further studies are needed to examine the utility of VR-based environments at scale.
Tipe tubuh (somatotype) dengan sindrom metabolik pada wanita dewasa non-obesitas usia 25 – 40 tahun
Authors: Kusumaningnastiti Betsi , Probosari Enny , Dieny Fillah Fithra , Fitranti Deny Yudi
Published: December 2019

Body type (somatotype) with metabolic syndrome among non-obese woman aged 25-40 years oldBackground: The prevalence of central obesity was found high in women, not only in obese individuals but also occur in non-obese individuals or metabolically obese normal weight (MONW). Endomorph marked by higher fat mass, which will lead to metabolic disorders.Objective: This study aimed to describe the correlation of somatotype with metabolic syndrome in a non-obese woman.Methods: Cross-sectional observational study, subjects were selected using purposive sampling involving 46 women 25-40 years old with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 in several offices in the City of Semarang, consist of Balai Besar Teknologi Pencegahan dan Pencemaran Industri, Dinas Pekerjaan Umum, and Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Central Java. Somatotype data is measured in three components, namely endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph. The resulting value of each component is calculated using the Heath-Carter formula. Triglycerides, HDL, and fasting blood glucose measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Blood pressure measured by aneroid sphygmomanometer. Syndrome metabolic was defined as metabolic syndrome risk score (cMetS). Data were analyzed by Rank Spearman and Pearson.Results: The subject's body type is endomorph as much as 91.3% and ectomorph-endomorph (8.7%). Central obesity (50%), low HDL levels (28%), hypertriglyceridemia (2%), normal GDP levels (100%), hypertension (15%), metabolic syndrome (13%), and metabolic pre-syndromes (47, 8%) found in the subject of this study. There were correlation between endomorph (p=0.005; r=0.4) and ectomorph (p=0.000; r=-0.53) with waist circumference. There was a significant correlation between endomorph with metabolic syndrome risk score (p=0.05; r=0.129).Conclusions: Endomorph was associated with a metabolic syndrome risk score. Higher endomorph tends to have higher metabolic syndrome risk scores.
Malnutrisi rumah sakit dan asuhan nutrisi pediatrik di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung
Authors: Hafsah Tisnasari , Prawitasari Titis , Djais Julistio Tryoga Budhiawan
Published: December 2019

Hospital malnutrition and pediatric nutrition care in Hasan Sadikin Hospital BandungBackground: Malnutrition during hospitalization delays the recovery of children with acute or chronic illnesses. The Pediatric Nutrition Care (PNC) can improve nutritional support and reduce the prevalence of hospital malnutrition.Objectives: This study was done to find evidence of hospital malnutrition and to evaluate the nutrition care in the pediatric ward of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. Methods: We evaluated malnutrition by comparing body weight change between the first day of admission and at hospital discharge to the length of hospitalization. Screening for malnutrition risk was done using modified Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Screening (mPYMS). Score≥2 was determined as high risk. The PNC process was evaluated by a focused group discussion with PNC-associated pediatric ward personnel.Results: From February-March 2016, 760 patients were admitted to the pediatric ward, of which 111(14.6%) were included in the study. An mPYMS score of ≥2 was found in 69(62.2%) of the patients. During hospitalization, body weight decreased in 23(20.7%) patients, 10(9.0%) of whom were defined as hospital malnutrition. Among these, seven had an mPYMS score≥2. PNC was performed in patients with an mPYMS score≥2 by dietitians who also provided a standardized nutrition care process following American Dietetic Association recommendation. However, a dedicated multidisciplinary PNC team was absent and the nutrition and metabolic disease division was consulted only in a few cases. Performing consistent monitoring and evaluation of PNC was also found to be difficult. Conclusions: Hospital malnutrition may be prevalent among pediatric patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung. Improving PNC services may reduce this prevalence.
Penyuluhan tentang perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat bagi siswa-siswi di SMA Negeri 1 Sapuran, Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Kusyanti Florentina
Published: December 2019

There were some students that spit their saliva out of the windows and spit their saliva outwhen they were in the classroom. There were also some teachers who were smoking in inappropriate place and some students who were throwing rubbish, such as candies wrap, anywhere. Teachers and students were still having low concern in maintaining the toilet and shower, hence the toilet and shower were still smelly and dirty. This activity was intended to implement “tri dharma perguruan tinggi” and to share the knowledge to other people, especially for students of SMA Negeri 1 Sapuran, Wonosobo. Hopefully, at the end of this activity, the students would realize the importance of implementing program called Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) or Healthy and Clean Behavior in the School. This community empowerment was carried out in one day in July 2016, in SMA Negeri 1 Sapuran, Wonosobo, Central Java. In this community empowerment, there is no pre-test, but two months of observation have been carried out after the activity. The method that used for health education is counseling. Students are collected in the hall then given material through Microsoft PowerPoint software with lectures, questions, and answers thenfollowed by a post-test to find out whether the material provided is useful in increasing the knowledge and application of Healthy and Clean Behavior for students. From the results of observations on 159 students, it is known that their knowledge is good. The post-test results showed that 81.8% of students had good knowledge. The application of Healthy and Clean Behavior during the observation period in two months after counseling was good, not much rubbish was scattered in the yard.
Penanggulangan depresi lansia pascaerupsi Gunung Merapi melalui permainan humor berbasis kearifan budaya lokal pada kader yandu lansia
Authors: Sumarni Sumarni , Triwirasto Triwirasto , Kusumadewi Andrian Fajar , Yuliani Santi , Dwi Dwi , Kusumaningrum Nanda
Published: December 2019

Mental health of elderly is a main priority which should be concerned of, in order to provide strength to obtain welfare in old age. Merapi eruption was a natural disaster that provided long-term psychological effects on elderly survivors. It is necessary to be handled with continuous support related to depression and life quality of elderly after Merapi eruption by providing training on humor games based on local cultural wisdom and management of depression in elderly in the manner of social spiritual to the cadres of integrated services for elderly in Hunian Tetap (Huntap) Kuwang, Cangkringa, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY).  Data used in this research was secondary data taken from community service that conducted in May - September 2014. The community service involved 30 cadres of integrated services for elderly and 45 elderly in Huntap Kuwang. Tools used in this research were module of local wisdom games completed with its equipment and module of early detection and coping with depression. The data were presented in descriptive quantitative and qualitative. After being given training on humor games based on local wisdom, there were increased average score on cadres’ knowledge of humor games based on local wisdom (from 66.4 to 93.2.) and skill (from 64.1 to 87.6,) as well as knowledge of early detection of depression (from 47.6 to 84.4) and skill of social support providing (from 35.3 to 80.8). There were declining trend of depression in elderly from 36 people before training to 17 people after the training of humor games based on local wisdom and spiritual social support. Training on humor games based on local wisdom and early detection of depressive tendencies along with the coping to the cadres of integrated services can reduce depressive tendencies and improve life quality of elderly in Huntap Kuwang, Cangkringan, Sleman, DIY.
Deteksi filariasis dan vektornya di wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Mulyaningsih Budi , Umniyati Sitti Rahmah , Ernaningsih Ernaningsih , Satoto Tri Baskoro Tunggul , Hadianto Tridjoko , Isti’anah Siti
Published: December 2019

In Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Region there have been reported 6 elephantiasis cases and ware suspected as filariasis. Elephantiasis is classified into two, namely filarial elephantiasis and nonfilarial elephantiasis. Filarial elephantiasis caused by lymphatic filarial worms infection and nonfilarial elephantiasis can be caused by podoconiosis, leprosy, tuberculosis, or chlamydia infection. The aim of the study was to ascertain whether elephantiasis cases are caused by filariasis. Activities carried out in the work area of the Bantul District Health Office in July 2016 i.e.: (1) patient location survey, (2) interviews with patients, their families, and surrounding communities, (3) examination of patients, and (4) observe the environment around the patient's residence to ensure existence of vector mosquito breeding places. This study found two people with elephantiasis, patients from Depok, Gilangharjo, Pandak, Bantul was suspected elephantiasis due to Brugia malayi infection. Patient from Cawan, Argodadi, Sedayu, Bantul was suspected elephantiasis due to podoconiosis. In Cawan found many breeding sites for the Anopheles vagus mosquito.
Pembinaan Desa Wisata Sehat Gabugan dengan melibatkan mahasiswa interprofesi dalam melatih kader Program Indonesia Sehat – Pendekatan Keluarga (PIS-PK)
Authors: Widyandana Widyandana , Kusdaryanti Tutik , Sumunar Dimas Septian Eko Wahyu , Pratiwi Dianing , Fitriana Fitriana , Nugraha Nandyan Sulaksana , Anggreni Vita Yanti , Rahayu Gandes Retno
Published: December 2019

The Government of Republic of Indonesia launched Healthy Indonesia Program with Family-Centered Approach (PIS-PK). This program intended to improve public health in commons beneath the management of public health care. However, it remains challenging for public health care to reach all families in the working area. Active participation from volunteers or cadres to encourage the implementation of this program is required. Gabugan Tourism Village is an educational tourism village in a vision to develop the concept of "healthy tourism village". Determination from the local government to achieve healthy tourism village taken by joining collaboration with Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada (FK-KMK UGM).Together with interprofessional students from the campus, local government arranged training for cadre and assist during program implementation. This study aimed to identify the Healthy Family Index (HFI) of residents in the Gabugan Tourism Village and evaluate the cadre’s level of knowledge before and after training sessions. This was action research with a quantitative descriptive method. Data collected from August 4th, 2018 to September 7th, 2018. Research subjects were family and health cadres. Sample of 50 families from 100 families population surveyed to discover Healthy Family Index (HFI), while cadres were receiving training session related to "healthy tourism villages". Pre-test and post-test followed by cadres during the training session. Survey results analyzed using quantitative descriptive, meanwhile, Wilcoxon tests set to compare pre-test and post-test scores. From 50 families an HFI average of 0.810 obtained. The highest indicator of healthy family index was access to clean water facilities and the use of healthy latrines. The lowest index found at hypertension patients taking regular medication. The results of pre-test and post-test cadres indicated rising average with value of 3,823 and p = 0,000. Families in Gabugan Tourism Village generally in the healthy group. Training program involving interprofessional students proven to significantly increase the knowledge of health cadres.
Karakteristik limbah dan dampaknya bagi kesehatan pembatik di Lendah, Kulon Progo
Authors: Suhartini Suhartini - , Febriani Sri Awalia , Pidada IBG. Surya Putra , Widagdo Hendro , Suciningtyas Martiana , Nurhantari Yudha , Priyambodo Dewanto Yusuf , Surono Agus , Roto Roto , Kinasih Geraldine Nadita Putri , Hastuti Pramudji , Sutarni Sri
Published: December 2019

Synthetic batik coloring often uses heavy metals element such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr),silica (Si), and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The exposure of heavy metals in long period results in health impair on the artisans and eventually harming the environment. The purpose of this research is to analyze the waste characteristics and health impact towards the artisans in the Lendah, Kulon Progo. Seventy-six batik artisan, consisting of 37 from SB, 20 from FA, and 19 from SA underwent 5 ml blood sampling. The samples were used to determine their hemoglobin (Hb) level, packed cell volume (PCV), blood sugar, and total cholesterol. Blood plasma and wastewater were examined for Pb and Cr using the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) method; Si using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS); and Cl- using spectrophotometry. Respondents underwent health checks and were interviewed about the impact of waste and disease complaints experienced using a questionnaire. Cognitive disorders were examined using mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and peripheral neuropathy was assessed using diabetic neuropathy symptom (DNS) score. The results obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and t-test. Correlation test was used to examine the relationship of Pb and Cr with cognitive disorders. Total cholesterol levels and blood sugar were analyzed descriptively. There is no difference in knowledge about waste in batik makers in SB, FA, and SA. The level of Pb, Cr, and Cl- within the three production centers showed no significant difference (p > 0,05), whilst Si level showed significant difference between centers (p < 0,05). There is no correlation between Pb and Cr blood levels with cognitive impairing according to MMSE and occurence of peripheral neuropathy according to DNS score (p > 0.05). Normal cholesterol levels (< 200mg/dL) andnormal blood glucose levels (< 200 mg/dL) were observed in 70.0-80.5% and 85.0-95.1% batik artisans, respectively. Si levels in all three production centers’ waste shows significant difference. The most frequent complaint was back pain and dizziness. There is no correlation caused by Pb and Cr levels toward cognitive impairing. Cholesterol level in batik artisans tended to be high.
Promoting non-communicable disease risks in rural area: a Community and Family Health Care - inter professional education (CFHC-IPE) activity
Authors: Sangun Diannisa Ikarumi Enisar , Nugrahani Dea Aryas , Anindya Khansa , Kuntolowati Niken
Published: December 2019

Health is an aspect that could be viewed from various age groups and factors. Risk factors found during Community and Family Health Care-Inter Professional Education visits in Pondok 2, Widodomartani, Ngemplak are the habits of people who still lacking in controlling excessive consumption of sugar, salt, and oily foods. These may lead to  many problems such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. Based on the problem, our group held the community service activities focusing on health screening, particularly on the measurement of blood pressure, random blood glucose, and total cholesterol level.  This activity aims  to screen the community health condition and to raise health awareness and understanding. Therefore, people may start to take action improving their lifestyle in order to maintain their long term health status. This research is a retrospective study using secondary data obtained from health examination records at the time of community service. The health check-up was conducted on May 4, 2019. We utilize mannual mercury sphygmomanometer for blood pressure measurement and automatic skin prick test device for random blood glucose and total cholesterol level. During the health examination, we also counsel the subjects about healthy lifestyle. Sixteen people from the targeted community attended the activity. Half of the people had normal blood pressure;  1 person pre-hypertension; 4 persons stage I hypertension, and 3 persons stage II hypertension.  For random blood glucose measurement, only 1 resulted in high random blood glucose whilst others were within normal limit.  Total cholesterol level was examined to 9 people with history of hypercholesterolemia with the following results; 2 people had high level, 2 people had borderline-high level ,and the rest had normal level. Most of the people within the community had good health status. This kind of activity can be routinely conducted not only to screen community health status but also to promote health awareness.
CIRCULATING SERUM ADIPONECTIN AND OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS IN PREDIABETES AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: RACHNA SHARMA  , SATYANARAYANA P  , PALLAVI ANAND  , SHRAWAN KUMAR
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Adipocytokines and oxidative stress have been independently studied in various morbidities, but their interrelationship in mediating insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus is still unclear. Thus, the present study was aimed at evaluating malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in pre-diabetes and diabetics and correlating it with adiponectin levels.

Methods: Fifty controls, 50 pre-diabetic, and 50 diabetic patients were enrolled. Plasma MDA, uric acid, and adiponectin were measured in the blood samples. Serum MDA adiponectin was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and uric acid was analyzed by uricase method.

Results: Pre-diabetic and diabetic patients had higher levels of MDA and uric acid, while the level of adiponectin was low compared to controls. Correlation of MDA was positive with uric acid but negative with adiponectin in diabetic patients. Likewise, adiponectin and uric acid were also correlated negatively. In pre-diabetes, adiponectin was significantly and negatively correlated with MDA and uric acid.

Conclusions: Pre-diabetic and diabetic patients have increased oxidative stress, which is also linked with adipokine abnormalities. From this study, we observed that oxidative stress suppresses adiponectin production which is the protective adipokine in hyperglycemia. Thus, oxidative stress may serve as an indicator or target for in the control of hyperglycemic stress.
ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY AND MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF METHANOLIC FUNGAL PHYTOCHEMICALS OF CLAVICEPS PURPUREA INFECTED TO BAJRA (PENNISETUM GLAUCUM) CROP
Authors: LOKESH ST  , THIPPESWAMY B  , RAVIKUMAR S
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of this study is to study the antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration, preliminary phytochemical studies, molecular docking studies, and high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (HR-LCMS) analysis of the methanol fungal extract of Claviceps purpurea.

Methods: Mass production of the fungal mat of C. purpurea was established on potato dextrose broth medium. The dried methanol extract of fungus was subjected to HR-LCMS analysis; antibacterial screening of the extract was carried out against pathogenic bacteria. Molecular docking study of HR-LCMS identified compounds was performed by docking with bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase.

Results: HR-LCMS analysis of methanol extract of C. purpurea fungus shows that the compounds arecoline, benperidol, felbamate, solanidine, and triparanol as the major constituents. The antibacterial screening of methanol extract of fungus against bacterial pathogens showed a significant bactericidal activity against the strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.40±0.04 mm), Xanthomonas campestris (13.60±0.06 mm), Escherichia coli (13.40±0.06 mm), Salmonella Typhi (11.50±0.05 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (11.37±0.04 mm.), and as matched to the standard drug ciprofloxacin. The molecular docking of triparanol against the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase showed good binding affinity of −6.2 kcal/mol, good drug likeness (7.3767), 2 hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interaction with 8 amino acid residues so that triparanol shows good inhibitor as compared to other 4 compounds.

Conclusion: Methanol fungal extract of C. purpurea showed significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Triparanol is the major compound present in C. purpurea fungus which showed good inhibitory activity against bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase. The methanol extract of C. purpurea fungus displayed a good antibacterial drug.
THEORETICAL APPROACH ON TARGETING PLANT FUNGAL PATHOGENIC PROTEINS AGAINST NATURALLY ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM CHITINIPHILUS SHINANONENSIS
Authors: S KRITHIKA , C CHELLARAM
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to find the potency and bioefficacy of Asiatic acid and triterpene against four different plant fungal pathogens using a structure-based drug designing approach.

Methods: The pathogenic fungus which causes a dreadful effect on plants is reviewed from literature study, and its three-dimensional structures are retrieved from the protein data bank database. On the other hand, ligands are prepared. Finally, prepared fungal drug targets are docked with naturally isolated compounds using AutoDock tools.

Results: Both compounds Asiatic acid and triterpene structures are complementary to bind at the active site of four different drug targets. Comparatively, it is more favorable for Avr2 effector protein from Fusarium oxysporum with Ki value of 126.60 μM, 1.76 μM, and dock score value of −5.32 kcal/mol and −7.85 kcal/mol for Asiatic acid and triterpene, respectively. Thus, interaction analysis was carried out only for these protein-ligand complexes.

Conclusion: The computational biology study states that these two compounds can be the lead candidate for treating disease caused by plant fungal pathogen F. oxysporum. However, further study has to be done in vitro and in vivo to prove its same efficacy.
FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL CONTROLLED RELEASE OF MUCOADHESIVE ALGINATE MICROBEADS CONTAINING FLUVASTATIN SODIUM
Authors: VENKATA RAMANA REDDY K  , NAGABHUSHANAM MV
Published: December 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to prepare oral controlled release (CR) of mucoadhesive alginate microbeads encapsulating fluvastatin by gastroretention technology.

Methods: The mucoadhesive microbeads containing fluvastatin were produced using emulsification internal gelation technique. The effect of different variables such as sodium alginate concentration and its combination with other hydrophilic polymers, and the effect of various curing agents on particle size, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro studies were evaluated.

Results: There was no marked change in drug entrapment efficiency, and dissolution studies occur during the stability studies of fluvastatin. The in vitro results give data that improvement in the CR of the drug from microbeads compared with marketed tablet. Hence, in this regard, to minimize the frequency of drug administration to reduce side effects. The optimum condition for the preparation of stable alginate beads and produce CR manner was occurred at a higher concentration of combined polymer mixture in equal ratios, i.e., 3% w/v. Infrared spectroscopic study (Fourier transform infrared) confirmed the no incompatibility between drug and other excipients. X-ray diffraction study and differential scanning calorimetry were provided evidence that successful entrapment of drug into the alginates microbeads and drug converted into amorphous nature. The efficiency of mucoadhesion strength of microbeads was determined by wash-off study.

Conclusion: The kinetic modeling of the release data indicates drug release from the microbeads follow anomalous transport mechanism and super Case-II transport mechanism. Drug release is a function of pH dependent and controlled drug release depends on type and concentration of polymer blend and curing agents. The release kinetics of drug from the alginate beads followed zero order.
THE ADVERSARY EFFECT OF OBESITY ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Authors: WALID ABU RAYYAN  , IBRAHIM S AL-MAJALI  , YAZAN BATARSEH  , SHADI SALEM  , WAEL ABU DAYYIH
Published: December 2019

Objectives: This study aims to sough implications of the independent and combined demographic variables of weight status, age, food habits, and physical activity on academic achievement in adolescents.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 940 male students in the second secondary class; four secondary schools from Hail city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia participated in this study during April 2017. Weight status was assessed through body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2). Participants filled the questioner to evaluate food habits and physical activity on academic achievement.

Results: The mean weight was 74.21±17.36 kg interquartile range (IQR) (45–125), while the mean height was 171.27±7.37 cm IQR (140–193). The mean BMI was 33.73 (IQR 22.0–39.8). The overall prevalence of childhood obesity was 49.6% while the prevalence of overweight was 9.04%. The mean academic score for the second secondary class was 70±9.99 IQR (44–99). BMI has endorsed negatively on academic achievement (r=−0.322, p<0.05).

Conclusion: We can summarize the independent variables as obesity ameliorates academic achievement in a counteractive way; high BMI affects total academic score in a negative pattern, whereas practicing mental games influenced positively the academic achievement and performance.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OINTMENT CONTAINING SUNFLOWER WAX
Authors: AVISH D MARU  , SWAROOP R LAHOTI
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of the present work was to formulate and evaluate ointment using sunflower wax.

Methods: In the present work, ointment formulations were prepared using sunflower wax by fusion technique. Sunflower wax base was compared with standard base for its pH, appearance, strength, spreadability, water number, and washability. Further, the optimized formulation was prepared with 2% salicylic acid and evaluated for its physicochemical parameters, compatibility study, drug content, in vitro drug diffusion, ex vivo permeability, and skin irritation test using rat skin.

Results: All of the prepared formulations of ointments were evaluated for its physicochemical parameters and all the findings obtained were within the prescribed limit. As compared to the ointment prepared by prototype formulae as per USP and IP, the formulation F3 containing 97% white petrolatum and 3% of sunflower wax showed good viscosity, strength, and spreadability. Based on viscosity, strength, and spreadability, formulation F3 was chosen as an optimized formulation.

Conclusion: The ointment consisting of white petroleum base 97% and 3% sunflower wax can be used for topical and systemic delivery of active ingredient salicylic acid. The results showed that sunflower wax can be used in ointment base as far as its pharmaceutical properties are concerned. It can effectively replace comparatively costlier available ointment bases.
IN VITRO WOUND HEALING AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF COTTON FABRICS COATED OPTIMIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING PELTOPHORUM PTEROCARPUM LEAF EXTRACTS
Authors: ANNAMALAI P  , BALASHANMUGAM P  , KALAICHELVAN PT
Published: December 2019

Objective: The present study was aimed to study at investigating the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coated cotton fabrics against different pathogens and also for their wound healing property using fibroblasts cells.

Materials and Methods: The leaf extracts of Peltophorum pterocarpum were used for the synthesis of AgNPs and were characterizing using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis, and zeta potential measurement. The AgNPs were coated on cotton fabrics and tested for their antibacterial efficacy using agar well diffusion method. The wound healing property of synthesized AgNPs was tested using fibroblast 3T3 cells.

Results: The plant extracts of P. pterocarpum were utilized for AgNPs. The optimum condition for synthesizing AgNPs was found to be 1 mg/ml plant concentration, 7 pH, 1 mM silver nitrate concatenation, and incubation temperature of 37°C. The shape of synthesized AgNPs was found to be spherical with an average size between 20 and 50 nm, and elemental silver peaks were confirmed by EDX spectrum. The cotton fabrics coated with AgNPs show good zone of inhibition against all the tested pathogens and the treated fabrics were also characterized using scanning electron microscope which reveals the presence of AgNPs on the fabrics. The scratch assay reveals that the AgNPs have good wound healing activity when tested against fibroblast 3T3.

Conclusion: The present results conclude that the synthesized AgNPs have good stability with potent antimicrobial activity when coated with cotton fabrics. The AgNPs also found to have good activity significant wound healing activity when tested using fibroblast cells.
ENCAPSULATION OF IBUPROFEN INTO SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES FOR CONTROLLED AND SUSTAINED RELEASE USING EMULSIFICATION SOLVENT EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: WESLEY N OMWOYO  , MAKWENA J MOLOTO
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to encapsulate ibuprofen (IBU) into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for enhanced dissolution and achieving a sustained and controlled release of the drug from the nanocarrier.

Methods: IBU loaded nanoparticles were prepared by emulsification solvent evaporation technique and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy. Release kinetics on the drug-loaded nanoparticles was carried out in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 using pharma test dissolution apparatus adopting shaking basket method at 37°C.

Results: The optimized IBU-loaded SLNs had a particle size of 76.40 nm, polydispersity index of 0.275, and zeta potential of −41.3 mV. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and DL were 99.73% and 2.31%, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra confirmed successful encapsulation of the drug inside the nanocarrier as only peaks responsible for the emulsifier and the binder could be identified. This corroborated well with XRD spectra which showed a completely amorphous state of the drug-loaded nanoparticles as compared to the crystalline nature of the pure drug. The IBU-SLNs showed a release profile of up to 8 h which is a great improvement from other reported works. The drug release pattern of IBU-SLNs was best fitted with Higuchi square root model and followed the Higuchi drug release kinetics. Korsmeyer-Peppas model confirmed a non-Fickian diffusion model for the release of the drug from the matrix system.

Conclusion: IBU-loaded SLNs were successfully prepared which had a sustained and controlled release. It was observed that the release of the drug from the matrix was diffusion controlled and time dependent.
ARSENIC: A HARMFUL AND DESECRATE COMPOUND FOR THE HUMANS
Authors: SURESH CHANDRA  , ARYENDU KUMAR SAINI  , AKASH KUMAR GUPTA
Published: December 2019

Arsenic toxicity has become a burgeoning concern as several millions of people are exposed to this chemical through drinking water contamination by arsenic remains a major public health problem. Acute and chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water has been reported in many countries of the world, where a large proportion of drinking water is contaminated with high concentrations of arsenic. As contamination in groundwater has been found in more than 105 countries around the world, it has become the worldwide health problem as several millions of people are exposed to this toxicant. Arsenic contamination of different countries includes Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Nepal, Thailand, and Chili is the major affected countries where inorganic arsenic in the groundwater with high concentration is seen. Arsenic is one of the most toxic metals which is originated from the natural environment. The catastrophe is that the majority of human arsenic toxicity is from polluted drinking water rather than agricultural sources (fertilizers or pesticides). The different areas across the Gangetic plains in Nepal and India also recently reported being affected by the arsenic. The hippocampus is a part of the limbic system that is crucial to memory function and spatial navigation. Hippocampus lesions in humans produce devastating impairments in declarative memory, and similar results have been seen in non-human primates with hippocampus neurobehavioral disorders.
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFECT OF RUTIN: PHARMACOLOGICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH
Authors: GANGA RAJU M  , PREM PRASAD GOUD  , SUVARCHALA REDDY NVL
Published: December 2019

Objective: Phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, have aroused great scientific interest due to their diverse pharmacological activities. Several studies suggested that flavonoids act as antihypertensive by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). In the present study, rutin, which is a citrus flavonoid, was evaluated for its antihypertensive activity using in vivo and in vitro models. Rutin was screened for in vitro assay procedures such as diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) for its antioxidant activity.

Methods: Its antihypertensive effect was investigated in Nω-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride-induced hypertensive rats, and various parameters such as blood pressure and heart rate were measured; in vitro ACE inhibitory activity was carried out against ACE, aiming at a better understanding of the interaction of this flavonoid with the enzyme. To understand its binding affinity with the angiotensin-converting enzyme, molecular docking studies were carried out using ligand fit of Maestro 9.1 (Schrodinger Software Inc.). An in silico study of rutin was performed for the prediction of Absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) by utilizing a web-based program (www.swissadme.ch). This software computes physicochemical descriptors as well as predicts pharmacokinetic properties and drug-like nature of one or multiple small molecules (blood–brain barrier, cytochromes P450, and P-glycoproteins).

Results: Rutin at different dose levels of 200 and 400 mg/kg was tested, and the results have shown its antihypertensive, hypotensive, and negative chronotropic effects. Its antihypertensive activity might be mediated through angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (half maximal inhibitory concentration=66.01 μg/mL). In vitro studies also revealed the antioxidant activity of rutin, thus playing a major role in reducing oxidative stress associated with hypertension. The rutin showed optimum binding affinity with a molecular target (angiotensin-converting-enzyme) with the binding energy of −9.0 kcal/mol as compared to the standard (−6.3 kcal/mol). These results indicated that rutin is one of the potential ligands to treat hypertension. ADME results revealed the three violations of rutin (such as molecular mass, hydrogen donor, and acceptors) of five, and the standard captopril has got zero violations which clearly indicated the probability for its higher oral bioavailability.

Conclusion: From the above, it is concluded that rutin possesses antioxidant and antihypertensive activities.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF NOVEL 5-ARYLIDENE-2-IMINO-3-(2- PHENYL- 1,8-NAPHTHYRIDIN-3-YL)THIAZOLIDIN-4-ONES
Authors: KUNDENAPALLY RAMALINGAM , DOMALA RAMESH , BATHULA SREENIVASULU
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Nowadays, antimicrobial resistance represents one of the most significant challenges in the medical community. To overcome the problem, it requires the discovery of newer safe and effective molecules against infectious sickness. Synthesis and screening of 1,8-naphthyridines have attracted much attention over the decades since it plays a key role against the microorganisms.

Methods: 1,8-naphthyridine based 5-arylidene derivatives of thiazolidinone (3a-i) has been achieved by the cyclization reaction of 2-chloro-N- (2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)acetamide (1) with potassium thiocyanate in acetone followed by its Knoevenagel condensation reaction with appropriate arylaldehydes in ethanol. All the resulting products were confirmed using spectral and physicochemical data. Antibacterial activity was performed against different bacterial strains by agar disc diffusion method using ciprofloxacin as standard.

Results: Compound 3b showed tremendous antibacterial activity among all the tested compounds.

Conclusions: This study provides several advantages such as shorter reaction times, clean product, and good yields. Most of the final products possessed moderate to excellent antibacterial activity.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ROTENONE AGAINST LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE AND D-GALACTOSAMINE-INDUCED HEMATOTOXICITY
Authors: SAMRAT RAKSHIT  , ANJANI VERMA  , SATENDRA KUMAR NIRALA  , MONIKA BHADAURIA
Published: December 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective efficacy of rotenone against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced altered hematology.

Methods: Hematotoxicity was induced by coinjection of LPS (50 μg/kg i.p.) and D-GalN (300 mg/kg i.p.). Rotenone (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) was administered for 6 days as a pre-treatment. Blood was collected through puncturing the retro-orbital sinus to analyze blood parameter. Serum was separated to analyze glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol.

Results: The present study revealed decreased in red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit value while a significant increase in white blood cells, lymphocyte, and monocytes were observed in LPS and D-GalN treated rats. LPS and D-GalN administration significantly decrease glucose level while serum lipid profile (triglycerides and cholesterol level) were increased significantly at 5% level of significance. LPS and D-GalN-induced altered hematological and serological variables were restored toward control by rotenone pretreatment for 6 days in dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion: It can be said that LPS and D-GalN administration resulted in alteration of various hematological parameters and rotenone at 20 mg/kg dose restored significant alteration toward control due to the presence of antioxidant activity of rotenone.
THE ROLE OF SELENIUM MICRONUTRIENTS AS ANTIOXIDANTS IN EXPOSURE TO E-CIGARETTE SMOKE
Authors: RIVAN VIRLANDO SURYADINATA  , MERRYANA ADRIANI  , SANTI MARTINI  , SRI SUMARMI  , BAMBANG WIRJATMADI
Published: December 2019

Objective: E-cigarette products have resulted in various controversies concerning their posed impacts on health. Some argue that exposure to e-cigarette smoke could improve free radicals in the body; thus, it causes harming impacts on health. Peroral selenium (Se) administration can increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) serving as antioxidants in the body.

Methods: This research is an experimental study aiming to analyze the effectiveness of Se to decrease free radical due to exposure to e-cigarette smoke as one of the preventive actions. The research was carried out to male Wistar rats with exposure to e-cigarette smoke and peroral Se intake with different time and duration of administration.

Results: Research results showed a decrease of antioxidant SOD and GPx in the administration of exposure to e-cigarette smoke, and they gradually increased after Se administration (p=0.000). Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde level was inversely proportional compared to antioxidant SOD and GPx.

Conclusion: Se is a micronutrient that can reduce free radicals due to exposure to e-cigarette smoke through enhancement of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GPx.
The 1-year economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) initially managed in the outpatient setting in the USA
Authors: Divino Victoria , Schranz Jennifer , Early Maureen , Shah Hemal , Jiang Miao , DeKoven Mitch
Published: December 2019

Aim:
To assess the annual economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) initially managed in the outpatient setting.
Patients & methods:
Patients with an outpatient diagnosis of CAP between January 2012 and December 2016 were identified from the IQVIA (Danbury, CT & Durham, NC, USA) Real-World Data Adjudicated Claims – US Database. All-cause and CAP-related healthcare resource utilization and costs were assessed over the 1-year follow-up. Generalized linear model examined adjusted total cost.
Results:
Among 256,916 patients with outpatient CAP, a tenth (10.6%) had ≥1 hospitalization and, of these, 18.7% had ≥1 CAP-related hospitalization. The mean total cost per patient was US$14,372; 10.9% was CAP-related and 26.1% was due to inpatient care. The adjusted mean total all-cause cost was US$13,788.
Conclusion:
Patients with outpatient CAP incurred a substantial annual economic burden.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self Medication: A Cross-sectional Study among Yemeni Health Profession Students
Authors: Alshakka Mohammed , Al-Abd Nazeh , Alkubati Sana S.
Published: December 2019

Self-medications practice is increasing widely. It is expected to be higher in health students due to their awareness and knowledge of diseases and medicines.

The Aim of the study to assess the self-medications among the first year students of health science facilities in Aden University, Yemen.

Cross sectional study was conducted using Questionnaire from previous study served as the data collection instrument among first year students who were available during study period.

Descriptive statistics was used to describe the frequency of variable

A total of 231 out of 250 questionnaires were completed and returned, which gives the response rate of 92.4%. 119 (51.5 %) of respondents were male and 112(48.5%) of them were female. Approximately 69 (29.9 %) of respondents had no Knowledge on definition of Self-medication at all, only 25 (10.8 %) had very much knowledge about it , majority of respondents 82 (68.9 %)  stated that they did so because the illness were minor  were among the most reasons for self-medication, followed by prior experiences with  the previous episode and treatment 72 (60.5 %),  emergency use 54(45.4 %), quick relief 46 (38.7%) , cost effectiveness 42 (35.3 %)  and 39 (32.8 %) of respondents reported that lack of time to go for consultation

. The most common sources of information used by the respondent were text books and pharmacists. The attitude was positive towards self-medication and favored self-medication saying that it was acceptable.

Self-medication habits were common among first year students of faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Aden University in Yemen. An urgent and rapid intervention should be made to promote health awareness of the self-medication among students because the percentages of using antibiotics and other classes of medicines are alarming. Students must be educated about the potential hazard of using medicines without physician advices and their serious adverse reactions. The Ministry of Health and Population must enact laws regulating the dispensing of medicines from pharmacies