bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Textural Characteristics and Anatomical Structure of Hard- and Soft-Fleshed Jujube Fruits
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Yan Min , Sun Yongle , Zhou Xiaofeng , Yuan Ze , Li Xiangyu , Lin Minjuan , Wu Cuiyun
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to establish a standardized and unified method for identifying and evaluating jujube fruit texture quality and to provide a theoretical basis for determining the texture quality of jujube germplasm resources. The texture of 56 jujube germplasms was characterized via the texture profile analysis (TPA) method, and the texture and anatomical structure of three each of the hard- and soft-fleshed germplasms were analyzed. Cluster analysis was used to categorize the 56 germplasms into hard- (17) and soft-fleshed jujubes (39). Significant positive correlations were found between all other textural parameters of jujube fruits except adhesiveness. The hardness, springiness, and chewiness of the full-red period hard- and the soft-fleshed jujube fruit were lower than those of the half-red period. The hardness, adhesiveness, and chewiness of the hard-fleshed jujube fruits in the full-red period were 2.13–3.57, 3.00–4.99, and 4.39–9.58 times higher than those of the soft-fleshed jujube fruits, respectively. The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the evaluation and classification of the texture and quality of jujube fruits and a basis for the breeding of new, high-quality jujube varieties with distinctive characteristics.
Effects of Elliptical and Circular Nozzles on Diesel Spray Characteristics Under High Ambient Density
Authors: Sun Qinghai , Zou Run , Li Liangyu , Wen Huan , Li Feng , Yang Wei , Su Tiexiong
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of diesel spray with elliptical and circular nozzles were investigated under an ambient density of 65.6 kg/m3 by combining an optical test and numerical simulation method of VOF-Spray One-Way Coupling and Large Eddy Simulation. Two elliptical nozzles with varying aspect ratios (1.25 and 1.5) and a circular nozzle were employed for comparison, with the same cross-sectional area. The results demonstrated that the spray tip penetration (STP) of elliptical nozzles was significantly diminished in comparison to that of the circular nozzle and that STP for the elliptical nozzle with a larger aspect ratio was observed to be smaller, primarily due to the elevated aerodynamic drag and accelerated kinetic energy dissipation. The spray cone angle (SCA) of elliptical nozzles was greater than that of the circular nozzle. The average SCA of the elliptical nozzle with a larger aspect ratio was the greatest in both planes. The spray asymmetry with elliptical nozzles resulted in the instability of the spray boundary, leading to the earlier fragmentation and atomization of the spray and faster radial diffusion. For the same STP, the elliptical nozzle with a larger aspect ratio exhibited the greatest spray area in both planes. Elliptical nozzles are subject to a greater degree of inhomogeneous shear than circular nozzles, which results in an accelerated rate of droplet breakage and a concomitant decrease in Sauter Mean Diameter.
A Study on the Atlas and Influencing Factors of Architectural Color Paintings in Tibetan Timber Dwellings in Yunnan
Authors: Liu Heng , Yang Chen , Su Yanwei , Qiang Mingli , Zhou Xuebing , Yuan Zhe
Published: December 2024

Architectural color painting is one of the cultural heritages of the Tibetan people. To address the issues of “loss” and “variation” in architectural color paintings during the renovation of traditional Tibetan timber dwellings in Yunnan, it is essential to organize and categorize the forms and cultural content of ethnic minority timber architectural paintings. This approach will help supplement foundational research on the subject. This study, based on linguistic research findings, focuses on the Diqing South Locus Dialect Region as the research area, conducting field investigations in over 30 settlements (involving more than 80 dwellings). This study analyzes patterns, colors, and forms across various architectural elements to develop a detailed atlas of decorative painting patterns. A combined analysis of historical documentation reveals three primary folk causes behind the architectural color paintings of Tibetan timber buildings in Yunnan: (1) primitive worship under animism; (2) decorative norms guided by religious beliefs; and (3) cultural fusion resulting from ethnic heritage. This will help people understand the cultural essence behind architectural paintings, avoiding the cognitive limitation of knowing only their form but not their meaning. This paper aims to raise awareness of the cultural heritage of regional timber buildings, providing a basis for typological accumulation and model references for the protection and transmission of regional timber architectural color paintings.
Amine-Based Solvents and Additives to Improve the CO2 Capture Processes: A Review
Authors: Loachamin Dennis , Casierra Jordan , Calva Verónica , Palma-Cando Alex , Ávila Edward E. , Ricaurte Marvin
Published: December 2024

The use of amine-based solvents for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture has shown significant promise; however, operational challenges such as high energy requirements, solvent degradation, and equipment corrosion highlight the need for enhanced solutions. This review focuses on identifying amine-based solvents and additives that can improve CO2 capture efficiency while minimizing costs and avoiding substantial modifications to existing industrial facilities. Specifically, the study emphasizes the development of a comprehensive database of additives to optimize CO2 capture processes. A detailed analysis of recent advancements in amine-based solvents was conducted, with a focus on (i) process optimization strategies, (ii) sector-specific CO2 emission profiles, and (iii) equipment issues associated with conventional chemical solvents. The study evaluates these solvents’ kinetic and thermodynamic properties and their potential to address critical operational challenges, including reducing corrosion, solvent viscosity, and evaporation rates. The findings highlight the pivotal role of amino group-containing compounds, particularly alkanolamines, in enhancing CO2 capture performance. The structural versatility of these compounds, characterized by the presence of hydroxyl groups, facilitates aqueous dissolution while offering kinetic and thermodynamic benefits. This review underscores the importance of continued innovation in solvent chemistry and the integration of amine-based solvents with emerging technologies to overcome current limitations and advance the implementation of efficient and sustainable CO2 capture technologies.
Investigation of Microbial Fermentation Degree of Pu-Erh Tea Using Deep Learning Coupled Colorimetric Sensor Array via Prediction of Total Polyphenols
Authors: Liu Min , Jiang Cui , Hassan Md Mehedi , Zhang Xinru , Wang Runxian , Cao Renyong , Sheng Wei , Li Huanhuan
Published: December 2024

The degree of tea fermentation is crucial as it ultimately indicates the quality of the tea. Hence, this study developed a total polyphenol prediction system for Pu-erh tea liquid using eight porphyrin dyes and one pH dye in a printed colorimetric sensor array (CSA) coupled with a convolutional neural network (CNN) during microbial fermentation. Firstly, the Box–Behnken sampling method was applied to optimize the degree of microbial fermentation of Pu-erh tea liquid using the response surface methodology. Under optimized conditions, the polyphenol degradation rate reached up to 66.146%. CSA images were then collected from the volatile compounds of Pu-erh tea-reacted CSA sensors. Subsequently, six chemometric approaches were comparatively investigated, and CNN achieved the best results for predicting total polyphenol content. Therefore, the results suggest that the proposed approach can be used to predict the degree of fermentation by measuring total polyphenols in microbial-fermented Pu-erh tea liquid.
Biatrial and Biventricular Reference Ranges Based on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Without Heart Damage
Authors: Pistoia Laura , Meloni Antonella , Positano Vincenzo , Quota Alessandra , Corigliano Elisabetta , Messina Giuseppe , Renne Stefania , Zerbini Michela , Romani Simona , Sinagra Gianfranco , Ait Ali Lamia , Mavrogeni Sophie , Lupi Amalia , Cademartiri Filippo , Pepe Alessia
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: We aimed to establish biatrial and biventricular reference ranges using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters in SCD patients without heart damage. Methods: This study compared CMR parameters, quantified by cine SSFP sequences, in 48 adult SCD patients without apparent cardiac involvement (defined by the absence of known risk factors, normal electrocardiogram, and no macroscopic myocardial fibrosis or significant cardiac iron on T2* CMR) to matched cohorts of 96 healthy controls and 96 thalassemia major (TM) patients without cardiac damage. Nine paediatric SCD patients were also analysed and compared to age- and gender-matched groups of nine TM patients and nine healthy subjects. Results: In all groups, studied males displayed higher biventricular volumes and mass indexes than females. Male SCD patients showed significantly higher left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume index (EDVI), LV end-systolic volume index (ESVI), LV stroke volume index (SVI), cardiac index, LV and right ventricular (RV) mass index, and atrial areas than healthy subjects. Females with SCD exhibited increased LV EDVI, LV SVI, RV mass index, and left atrial area index compared to healthy controls. SCD and TM patients showed comparable biatrial areas and biventricular volumes and function. When compared to TM, SCD males exhibited a larger mass index, while SCD females showed an increased RV mass index. CMR parameters were similar across all paediatric groups. Conclusions: By establishing the biatrial and biventricular reference ranges through CMR for adult male and female SCD patients, we aimed to prevent possible misdiagnosis of cardiomyopathy in this population by taking into account cardiac adaptation due to anaemia.
Growth Hormone and Heart Failure: Implications for Patient Stratification, Prognosis, and Precision Medicine
Authors: Theodorakis Nikolaos , Kreouzi Magdalini , Hitas Christos , Anagnostou Dimitrios , Nikolaou Maria
Published: December 2024

Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While standard treatments primarily target neurohormonal pathways, emerging evidence highlights the significant role of hormonal deficiencies, such as impaired growth hormone (GH) signaling, in HF progression and outcomes. GH is crucial for cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function, and its deficiency has been associated with worse prognosis. This review synthesizes recent findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to explore how GH can contribute to personalized care and improve patient stratification in HF. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed up to 10 October 2024. Search terms included “growth hormone” combined with “heart failure”, “HFrEF”, “HFpEF”, and “HFmrEF.” Only placebo-controlled RCTs published in English and involving human subjects were considered. Data on study design, participant characteristics, GH dosing, and key clinical outcomes were systematically extracted and analyzed. Several trials demonstrated that GH therapy can transiently improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), exercise capacity, and reduce inflammatory markers. For example, one study has reported an increase in LVEF from 32 ± 3.8% to 43.8 ± 4.6% (p = 0.002), following three months of GH therapy in post-MI HF patients. However, benefits diminished after discontinuation. Additional studies have observed sustained improvements in peak oxygen consumption and LVEF over four years, with an additional trend towards hard endpoint improvement. Conversely, some studies showed no significant impact on cardiac function, highlighting heterogeneity in outcomes. As a result, GH therapy holds promise for improving cardiac and functional parameters in HF patients, but evidence remains mixed. Larger, long-term RCTs are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. Precision medicine approaches and biomarker-driven strategies may optimize patient outcomes and guide clinical practice.
Efficiency and Competitiveness of Banking in Indonesia Based on Bank Core Capital Group
Authors: Ischak Sylvia Arief , Maarif Mohammad Syamsul , Hermadi Irman , Asikin Zenal
Published: December 2024

The banking sector in Indonesia is currently growing and developing. This is due to the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) implementing reforms to strengthen the banking sector and enhance financial stability. One of the reforms is in the form of regulation that categorizes banks into four special categories based on core capital. This study aimed to analyzing the relationship between the efficiency and competitiveness of BUKU 1 to IV banks and KBMI 1 to IV banks in Indonesia. The data in this study were collected from journals, scientific articles, banking statistics, and financial reports of all banks based on KBMI (formerly BUKU) published by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period from 2018 to 2023. The results found there are no significant changes in patterns within the BUKU and KBMI groups. However, in the KBMI 4 group, a positive correlation between competitiveness and efficiency is observed, meaning that an increase in efficiency will be followed by an increase in a bank’s competitiveness. This group has the same pattern as the KBMI 1 and KBMI 3 groups. Meanwhile, the KBMI 2 group still follows the same pattern as in the BUKU 2 group, where an increase in efficiency is accompanied by a decrease in competitiveness, and vice versa; an increase in competitiveness will be followed by a decrease in a bank’s efficiency.
The Influence of Music Producing and Creativity on Computational Thinking in Primary School Children
Authors: Fanchamps Nardie , Van Gool Emily , Folkertsma Anna , De Meyst Kim
Published: December 2024

Computational thinking (CT) can be developed in a multitude of ways. Well-known examples are plugged-in and unplugged applications that focus primarily on the (combined) usage of visual, textual, or tangible modalities. Less obvious are applications where CT development can be established via an auditory modality, to which the importance of creativity is attributed. When reasoning from such a different contextual perspective, it is interesting to investigate whether the self-creation of electronic music influences CT development and what added value can be attributed to creativity. Therefore, a mixed-methods study was conducted on primary school pupils aged 10 to 13 using FL-Studio Mobile© music-producing software. Quantitative data were obtained using a pre-test–post-test assessment administered via a validated Computational Thinking Test (CTt). Qualitative data were obtained by conducting interviews to ascertain identifiable effects on CT sub-characteristics to determine the influence of creativity and creative thinking and children’s perceptions in this regard. Our results indicate that applying music-making software has measurable effects on CT development, particularly with respect to invoking and using auditory modalities. Notable findings were identified on the CT sub-characteristics “loops”, “conditionals”, “functions”, “nesting”, and “CT tasks required”. Our study shows that producing music using technology stimulates creativity, which seems to be an important parameter for CT development. Differences between girls and boys were observable. Further research on the interaction between CT and creativity, combining different modalities, is recommended.
Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen Alter Bacterial Community in the Rhizospheres and Root Surfaces with Seedling Growth of Two Tree Species
Authors: Liang Hai-Yan , Wang Yanru , Quan Xiaoqiang , Tang Xing-Hao , Wang Lidong , Li Xiaoyu , Qu Lu-Ping , Yan Xiao-Li
Published: December 2024

Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) that can be absorbed and utilized by plants are heterogeneously distributed in soil, which affects plant growth and bacterial communities in the roots. To investigate the effects of single and mixed nitrogen (N) on bacterial communities in the rhizospheres and root surfaces of Cunninghamia lanceolata (CR, CRS) and Schima superba (SR, SRS), we subjected three different ratios of NH4+-N to NO3−-N 2:0, 1:1 (control, CK), 0:2 to cultivate the seedlings. Compared with the CK, the ratio of 0:2 increased the number, diversity, and composition of bacteria in CR, whereas the ratios of 2:0 and 0:2 both decreased in CRS, SR, and SRS. The bacterial diversities were both R > RS in two tree species, but there was no discernible trend between the two tree species in the rhizosphere and root surface. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were the dominant bacterial phyla in CR and CRS, whereas Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota dominated in SR and SRS. Patescibacteria and Planctomycetota promoted the aboveground growth of C. lanceolata but negatively drove root growth. Patescibacteria and Cyanobacteria in SR were related to its root growth, whereas the Actinobacteriota in SR and SRS, and the Patescibacteria and Cyanobacteria in SRS, promoted its aboveground growth. Overall, the mixed N addition was more conducive to bacterial community proliferation than single N on rhizospheres compared to root surfaces. The opposite reactions were observed from the aboveground and underground growth, which were driven by a few dominant bacterial phyla.
Equations to Predict Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Amazon Rainforest Fires
Authors: Gallup Sarah M. , Ford Bonne , Naus Stijn , Gallup John L. , Pierce Jeffrey R.
Published: December 2024

Earth systems models (ESMs), which can simulate the complex feedbacks between climate and fires, struggle to predict fires well for tropical rainforests. This study provides equations that predict historic carbon monoxide emissions from Amazon rainforest fires for 2003–2018, which could be implemented within ESMs’ current structures. We also include equations to convert the predicted emissions to burned area. Regressions of varying mathematical forms are fitted to one or both of two fire CO emission inventories. Equation accuracy is scored on r2, bias of the mean prediction, and ratio of explained variances. We find that one equation is best for studying smoke consequences that scale approximately linearly with emissions, or for a fully coupled ESM with online meteorology. Compared to the deforestation fire equation in the Community Land Model ver. 4.5, this equation’s linear-scale accuracies are higher for both emissions and burned area. A second equation, more accurate when evaluated on a log scale, may better support studies of certain health or cloud process consequences of fires. The most accurate recommended equation requires that meteorology be known before emissions are calculated. For all three equations, both deforestation rates and meteorological variables are key groups of predictors. Predictions nevertheless fail to reproduce most of the variation in emissions. The highest linear r2s for monthly and annual predictions are 0.30 and 0.41, respectively. The impossibility of simultaneously matching both emission inventories limits achievable fit. One key cause of the remaining unexplained variability appears to be noise inherent to pan-tropical data, especially meteorology.
The Use of Air Pressure Measurements Within a Sealed Moonpool for Sea-State Estimation
Authors: Walsh Brendan , Carolan Robert , Boland Mark , Dooley Thomas , Kelly Thomas
Published: December 2024

To assess the viability of locations for wave energy farms and design effective coastal protection measures, knowledge of local wave regimes is required. The work described herein aims to develop a low-cost, self-powering wave-measuring device that comprises a floating buoy with a central moonpool. The relative motion of the water level in the moonpool to the buoy will pressurise and depressurise the air above the water column. The variation in air pressure may then be used to estimate the sea-state incident upon the buoy. Small-scale proof of concept tank testing was conducted at a 1:20 scale and at a larger 1:2.4 scale before a full-scale prototype was deployed at the Smartbay test site facility in Galway Bay, Ireland. A number of techniques by which full-scale sea states may be estimated from the pressure spectrum are explored. A successful technique, based on the average of multiple linear squared magnitude of the transfer functions obtained under different wave regimes is developed. The applicability of this technique is then confirmed using validation data obtained during the full-scale sea trials. While the technique has proven useful, investigation into potential seasonal bias has been conducted, and suggestions for further improvements to the technique, based on further calibration testing in real sea states, are proposed.
Research on the Influence of Liquid Metal Embrittlement Cracks on the Strength and Fatigue Life of Spot-Welded Joints of Galvanized Q&P980 Steel
Authors: Zou Jie , Xiang Huayang , Zhan Zhenfei , Zhuo Wenbo , Huang Li , Ji Yuxiang , Liu Qing
Published: December 2024

Galvanized high-strength steel has emerged as a key focus in automotive lightweighting research. During resistance spot welding of galvanized steel, the phenomenon of liquid metal embrittlement (LME) can occur, which is characterized by the appearance of irregular cracks on the weld spot surface. However, the impact of LME cracks on the mechanical properties of joints remains unclear. This study investigates the LME phenomenon and its effects on the performance of spot-welded joints using galvanized QP980 steel as the subject. By combining theoretical analysis, experimental methods, and simulations, the formation and characteristics of LME cracks are explored through resistance spot welding experiments and elemental analysis. The influence of LME cracks on the static strength of joints is assessed through quasi-static tensile tests, fracture surface analysis, and theoretical calculations. Finite element simulations of the static tensile process reveal that LME cracks alter the stress–strain fields during joint failure. Additionally, the study examines how the location and size of LME cracks influence these effects. Finally, fatigue testing and fracture analysis of spot-welded joints demonstrate that LME cracks can negatively impact the fatigue life of joints.
Hemodynamic Management with Vasopressin for Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Kato Hideyuki , Mathis Bryan J. , Shimoda Tomonari , Nakajima Tomomi , Tokunaga Chiho , Hiramatsu Yuji
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Vasopressin increases blood pressure through aquaporin-2-mediated water retention and is useful for managing hemodynamics after surgery. However, even after decades of study, clear clinical guidelines on doses and ideal use cases after cardiovascular surgery remain unclear. Here, the existing literature is synthesized on vasopressin use for cardiac surgeries and coupled with real-world clinical experience to outline a clearer clinical path for vasopressin use. Materials and Methods: Literature from 1966 to the present was searched, and information on surgical outcomes for cardiovascular surgery was extracted. Clinicians from the University of Tsukuba with extensive vasopressin experience in pediatric cardiovascular patients were consulted for general use guidelines. Results: Vasopressin response after cardiovascular surgery is multifaceted, and low-power trials, plus conflicting study reports, generally render it as a secondary choice behind norepinephrine. Clinical experience indicates that low doses of 0.2–0.3 mU/kg/min with constant blood pressure and oxygen monitoring for response are required. Although sole use is not recommended, vasopressin may aid in controlling hemodynamics when given with other volemic or osmolal drugs. Conclusions: Vasopressin may work in a select population of first-line non-responders, but relevant response factors remain unanalyzed and clear guidelines for use remain unestablished. Future, large-scale studies are needed to delineate temporal and demographic characteristics that affect response to vasopressin for the purpose of managing post-surgical capillary leakage and hemodynamics.
A Fluorine-Functionalized Tb(III)–Organic Framework for Ba2+ Detection
Authors: Zhang Yang , Tan Hua , Zhu Jiaping , Duan Linhai , Ding Yuchi , Liang Fenglan , Li Yongshi , Peng Xinteng , Jiang Ruomei , Yu Jiaxin , Fan Jianjiong , Chen Yuhang , Chen Rimeng , Ma Deyun
Published: December 2024

The development of lanthanide–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) using for luminescence sensing and selective gas adsorption applications is of great significance from an energy and environmental perspective. This study reports the solvothermal synthesis of a fluorine-functionalized 3D microporous Tb-MOF with a face-centered cubic (fcu) topology constructed from hexanuclear clusters (Tb6O30) bridged by fdpdc ligands, formulated as {[Tb6(fdpdc)6(μ3-OH)8(H2O)6]·4DMF}n (1), (fdpdc = 3-fluorobiphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate). Complex 1 displays a 3D framework with the channel of 7.2 × 7.2 Å2 (measured between opposite atoms) perpendicular to the a-axis. With respect to Ba2+ cation, the framework of activated 1 (1a) exhibits high selectivity and reversibility in luminescence sensing function, with an LOD of 4.34665 mM. According to the results of simulations, compared to other small gas molecules (CO2, N2, H2, CO, and CH4), activated 1 (1a) shows a high adsorption selectivity for C2H2 at 298 K.
Engineered Strategies for Lipid Droplets-Targeted AIEgens Based on Tetraphenylethene
Authors: Zhang Fei , Zhang Yao , Li Zhuoxia , Wu Xiaoxiao , Wang Dong , He Youling , Cheng Hong , Fan Baolei , Zhu Dan , Li Min , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2024

Lipid droplets (LDs), once regarded as inert fat particles, have been ignored by scientific researchers for a long time. Now, studies have shown that LDs are dynamic organelles used to store neutral lipids in cells and maintain cell stability. The abnormality of intracellular LDs usually causes metabolic disorders in the body, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer, so the LDs have attracted wide attention. The traditional small molecules used for LDs recognition seriously affect the imaging effect due to their poor photo-stability, low signal-to-noise ratios, and aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ). In contrast to ACQ, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials, with structural modifiability, can make up for the aforementioned deficiencies in the field of fluorescence imaging and have attracted much attention. In this review, the importance of LDs in vivo, the design principles for LDs recognition, and the recent research progress of AIE compounds with tetraphenylethene (TPE) structure in LDs targets are reviewed. We expect this review to further provide researchers with feasible methods and protocols for expanding LDs identification, imaging, and other applications.
Influence of Honey Varieties, Fermentation Techniques, and Production Process on Sensory Properties and Odor-Active Compounds in Meads
Authors: Cicha-Wojciechowicz Daria , Drabińska Natalia , Majcher Małgorzata Anna
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of key factors on the formation of odorants and sensory properties in mead. The effects of the honey type (acacia, buckwheat, linden), wort heating, and the fermentation method (commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, spontaneous fermentation, Galactomyces geotrichum molds) were examined. Twelve model mead batches were produced, matured for 12 months, and analyzed using gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) and headspace SPME-GC/MS to identify odor-active compounds. Results confirmed that the honey type plays a significant role in sensory profiles, with distinct aroma clusters for buckwheat, acacia, and linden honey. Compounds like phenylacetic acid, 2- and 3-methylbutanal, and butanoic acid were identified as the most important odorants, correlating with sensory attributes such as honey-like, malty, and fermented aromas. Univariate and multivariate analyses, followed by correlation analysis, highlighted how production parameters affect mead aroma, providing insights to optimize sensory quality.
Exploring the Interactions Between RHAU Peptide and G-Quadruplex Dimers Based on Chromatographic Retention Behaviors
Authors: Wang Ju , Qiao Jun-Qin , Liang Chao , Guo Xue-Wen , Zhang Meng-Ying , Zheng Wei-Juan , Lian Hong-Zhen
Published: December 2024

G-quadruplex (G4), an important secondary structure of nucleic acids, is polymorphic in structure. G4 monomers can associate with each other to form multimers, which show better application performance than monomers in some aspects. G4 dimers, the simplest and most widespread multimeric structures, are often used as a representative for studying multimers. RHAU, a G4 ligand, has been reported to recognize G4 dimers. However, there are few reports focusing on interactions between RHAU and different G4 dimers. In this work, interactions between RHAU peptide and six G4 dimers were investigated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). It was revealed that compared to the hybrid G4 monomer, the hybrid tandem unstacked G4 dimer could form special binding sites, leading to a weak interaction with RHAU. It was also found that the steric hindrance at terminal G-tetrads of a special Z-G4 structure greatly weakened their interactions with RHAU. Additionally, RHAU exhibited stronger interactions with intermolecular stacked/interlocked parallel dimers than with intramolecular tandem stacked parallel dimers. This work enriches the understanding of interactions between RHAU and G4 dimers, which is conducive to the elucidation of G4 polymorphism, and provides a strong reference for studying G4 multimer–peptide interactions.
From Psychoactivity to Antimicrobial Agents: Multifaceted Applications of Synthetic Cathinones and Catha edulis Extracts
Authors: Andrés Celia María Curieses , Pérez de la Lastra José Manuel , Munguira Elena Bustamante , Juan Celia Andrés , Pérez-Lebeña Eduardo
Published: December 2024

The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in the global drug market since the 2000s has posed major challenges for regulators and law enforcement agencies. Among these, synthetic cathinones have gained prominence due to their stimulant effects on the central nervous system, leading to widespread recreational use. These compounds, often marketed as alternatives to illicit stimulants such as amphetamines and cocaine, have been linked to numerous cases of intoxication, addiction and death. The structural diversity and enantiomeric forms of synthetic cathinones further complicate their detection and regulation and pose challenges to forensic toxicology. In addition to their psychoactive and toxicological effects, new research suggests that cathinones may have antimicrobial properties. Compounds derived from Catha edulis (khat), including cathinone, have shown antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, highlighting their potential role in the fight against antibiotic resistance. This article provides an overview of the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicological effects and potential antimicrobial applications of synthetic cathinones. The potential therapeutic use of cathinone-derived compounds to combat antimicrobial resistance represents an exciting new frontier in drug development, although further research is needed to balance these benefits with the psychoactive risks.
Yang Shi’s Confucian Quiet-Sitting Meditation: A Distinction from Cheng Yi and Huayan Buddhism
Authors: Song Bin
Published: December 2024

Yang Shi initiated the Neo-Confucian methodology of self-cultivation centered on quiet-sitting, and focusing on Yang Shi may shift the study of Confucian quiet-sitting to a more chronologically appropriate “beginning-forward” approach. Incorporating techniques such as breathing and calming the mind, Yang’s approach to self-cultivation follows a model of returning to the state of centrality through quiet-sitting, and then preserving and expanding that state in moments of everyday life. This model is based on a moral psychology and metaphysics that views the comprehensive pattern-principle of the universe, Tianli, as fully manifest in the vital state of the human heartmind achievable through the practice of quiet-sitting. This view inherits major features of Cheng Hao’s philosophy while distinguishing itself from Cheng Yi’s. Yang Shi’s reflections on the differences between Confucian and Buddhist contemplative practices also indicate, despite his view being closer to the Huayan Buddhist metaphysical perspective of perfect fusion between pattern-principle and things compared to Cheng Yi, an insistence on characterizing his quiet-sitting philosophy as distinctively Confucian.
Beyond the Veil: Voices of Young Widows in South Africa
Authors: Shoko Ratidzai , Matlabe-Danke Sizakele
Published: December 2024

This article outlines the experiences of young widows in southern Africa and the impact of widowhood on their livelihoods. Despite numerous human rights frameworks addressing women’s issues, widowhood has not received adequate attention in the Global South. Widows often endure terrible and abusive treatment during widowhood. This study focuses on women’s perspectives by examining the impact of widowhood issues through case studies. The data were obtained from interviews conducted in a larger study on widowhood issues in South Africa. It explores the experiences and challenges five young widows face, analyses societal perceptions of widowhood, and examines the familial imperatives surrounding widowhood. Intersectionality theory was adopted in this article. The results show that young widows face serious inheritance challenges and abuse at the hands of their in-laws. Because the young widows viewed widowhood rites as part of their culture, they were not opposed to them.
New Materialist Mapping the Lived Experiencing of Trauma in Perinatal and Infant Mental Health
Authors: van Daal Emma , Moy Ariel
Published: December 2024

Contemporary therapeutic trauma practice privileges symptom-based models that overlook the potential of materiality and space in trauma healing. The responsibility for recovery is situated in the individual (i.e., the parent). We suggest that trauma and lived experiencing produce and are produced by the complex relational entanglings of parent, infant, and the dyad with the world. Employing a new materialist orientation to perinatal and infant mental health and trauma, we propose multimodal mapping as an approach that can move with the multisensorial, multidimensional rhythms of trauma and trauma healing as they unfold in a series of now moments; moments that emerge within the context of the parent–infant relationship. This article re-presents the conceptual material and multimodal maps that emerged from our presentation and experiential invitation at the Big Trauma, Big Change Forum, 2024. Organised into two interconnected parts, we begin by emphasising the capacity of multimodal mapping to enable a nuanced translation of lived experiencing for parents and infants, in research and practice, that can transform trauma and potentiate healing. The second part brings focus to a new mapping experiment whereby the audience engaged in a multimodal process of re-configuring the lived experiencing of parent–infant night-time spaces using collage, images, and group process. We include three illustrations of night-time spaces common to parents and infants, exploring the power of materiality, the arts, and objects in transforming the affective, sensory, and embodied affordances that shape mental health. Arts-based mapping interventions can profoundly shape how we understand and respond to trauma, moving us towards a “more-than” conceptualisation of lived experiencing that is sensed and animated in everyday and every “thing” moments. Our hope is to inspire the audience in adopting a relational orientation that innovates new processes of discovery by mapping the human and more-than-human elements involved in parent–infant well-being and the unravelling of trauma.
The Safety and Immunogenicity of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine (CRM197/TT) in Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Phase III Trial
Authors: Xie Zhiqiang , Li Jiangjiao , Wang Xue , Huang Lili , Gou Jinbo , Zhang Wei , Huang Haitao , You Wangyang , Wang Feiyu , Li Xiaolong , Zhang Jinming , Han Qiang , Ma Xiaomin , Wang Yanxia
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (CRM197/TT) (PCV13i) in infants. Methods: A total of 1200 infants were randomly assigned to either the experimental PCV13i group or the control PCV13 group in a 1:1 ratio. Each group received a three-dose series of the vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, followed by a booster dose at 12–15 months. Blood samples were collected before and 30 days after both primary and booster vaccinations. The primary immunogenicity endpoints were the seropositive rate and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of IgG antibodies against the 13 pneumococcal serotypes. The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of adverse reactions within 0–7 days and 0–30 days after vaccination. Results: Results showed that the experimental PCV13i was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to that of the control vaccine. Following primary vaccination, the GMCs of IgG responses against serotypes 1, 5, 6A, 6B, 14, and 18C in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, while responses against serotypes 3, 4, 7F, 9V, 19A, 19F, and 23F were higher. The experimental group exhibited higher opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) for serotypes 3, 7F, 19A, and 19F compared to the control group, while GMTs for serotypes 1, 5, 6A, and 18C were lower. Following booster vaccination, OPA GMTs of the experimental group remained higher than those of the control group for serotypes 3, 7F, and 19F, while GMTs for serotype 5 were lower. Both vaccines induced robust immune responses, with high seropositive rates and significant increases in antibody levels following vaccination. Conclusions: The experimental PCV13i demonstrated non-inferiority to the control PCV13 in terms of immunogenicity.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Groundwater Dynamics and Changes in Water and Salt in Soil Under Subsurface Pipe Salt Drainage Technology
Authors: Wang Xu , Shen Jingli , Fan Liqin , Cai Jinjun
Published: December 2024

Groundwater conditions are crucial for understanding the evolution of soil salinization. The installation of subsurface pipes significantly alters both the distribution of water and salt in the soil and the groundwater depth; these dynamics and their interrelationships warrant further investigation. To clarify the relationship between groundwater dynamics and changes in water and salt in soil under subsurface pipe salt drainage conditions in the Yinchuan region of Ningxia, groundwater observation wells and soil sample monitoring points were established in Pingluo County. A combined approach of in situ monitoring and laboratory testing was employed to analyze changes in groundwater depth and salinity and their effects on water and salt in soil. The findings revealed that changes in groundwater depth and salinity exhibited clear seasonal patterns. The groundwater depth was deepest at 1.97 m in October and shallowest at 1.62 m in July. The salinity was highest at 22.28 g/L in April and lowest at 18.24 g/L in August. In summer, the groundwater was shallower and had lower salinity, while in other seasons, it was deeper with higher salinity. Soil salinity was lowest in July at 4.58 g/kg and highest in April at over 5.5 g/kg. It decreased with increasing groundwater depth, demonstrating a linear relationship. Additionally, soil salinity and groundwater salinity exhibited synchronous fluctuations, exhibiting an exponential relationship. Based on these observations, a model was developed to describe the relationship among groundwater salinity, groundwater depth, and soil salinity under subsurface pipe salt drainage conditions in the Yinbei region of Ningxia. This model was validated against measured data, yielding a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.7238. These findings provide a reference for analyzing the relationship between soil salinity and groundwater in similar regions.
Analytical Calculation of Mutual Inductance of Search Coils in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Li Xinmin , Sun Chenfeng , Xu Zhezhun , Li Chen
Published: December 2024

Inductance is an important parameter for motor design and control, and the performance of the motor is closely related to the inductance parameter. To solve the problem of the complex magnetic circuit structure of search coil mutual inductance, this paper takes an 8-pole and 48-slot interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) as the object to carry out the relevant research on the formula of search coil mutual inductance, illustrates the method of calculating the mutual inductance of the search coil, and compares and verifies the proposed method through finite element analysis and the actual measurement results. By setting up a procedure for calculating the magnetic flux of the search coil, the magnetic flux of each sub-coil of the search coil is analyzed and calculated. The mutual inductance of the search coil is calculated by summing up the magnetic chains of different sub-coils between the phases of the search coil. Lastly, the finite element simulation of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with the placement of the search coil is carried out, the inductance of the search coil in the experimental prototype is measured practically, and the finite element simulation results of the mutual inductance of the search coil are compared with the actual measurement results, which proves the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Application of the law on cancellation of employment contract
Authors:   Department of Jurisprudence of Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Krasnoyarova E.V.
Published: December 2024

Within the framework of this article, an attempt will be made to analyze the theoretical provisions on the cancellation of an employment contract, to consider controversial issues arising in the practice of applying the rules of law on cancellation using examples of court decisions, and to propose possible options for improving labor legislation.
Termination of an employment contract with a remote worker in the absence of interaction with the employer
Authors:   Department of Business and Financial Law, Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Filchakova S. Yu.
Published: December 2024

The study is devoted to current problems associated with the use of an additional basis for terminating an employment contract with a remote worker. An analysis of general and special norms allowed us to formulate the conclusion that in order to apply the grounds for termination of an employment contract due to failure to communicate
with the employer without a good reason for employees performing a labor function under the terms of a remote employment contract on an ongoing basis, it is advisable to clarify the workplace remote worker, the procedure for the employer to control the performance of the labor function by the remote worker.
Panorama da mobilidade urbana durante a Pandemia da COVID-19 em um empreendimento de habitação de interesse social (HIS)
Authors:   , Salomão Mariana de Athayde
Published: December 2024

A pandemia causada pelo Covid-19 trouxe desafios modificando a rotina das pessoas que no cenário pandêmico mudaram seus hábitos, perderam empregos, enfrentaram dificuldades nas relações familiares, no trabalho, na alimentação e nos deslocamentos. Um panorama mundial até então nunca pensado ou esperado causando uma crise sanitária onde alterou a qualidade e quantidade do transporte coletivo por ônibus. A Habitações de interesse social associadas à infraestrutura urbana e serviços públicos, impacta diretamente no bem estar de seus moradores quando diante da pandemia viram suas vidas serem modificadas ao precisarem deslocar-se utilizando o transporte público coletivo. O presente trabalho, de natureza exploratória, abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa utilizou-se como objeto de estudo o empreendimento Jardim de Minas, localizado no Bairro São Pedro, Juiz de Fora-MG. Para abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa utilizou-se, na metodologia, questionário aos moradores e como instrumentos revisão bibliográfica abordando habitações de interesse social e mobilidade urbana. A realidade que surge no pós-pandemia desafia gestores e moradores das grandes cidades a repensar seus modelos de mobilidade. Diante dos resultados apresentados, sugeriuse a importância de pautar políticas públicas e investimentos nas periféricas da cidade e bairros tornando-os acessíveis e melhoria da mobilidade urbana e construções de habitações de interesse social com flexibilização e segurança a quem precisa se locomover.
Estimativa de crescimento populacional no bairro São Pedro em Juiz de Fora – MG
Authors:   , Barros Vinicius Tavares
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal desenvolver uma análise sobre o impacto populacional e espacial que a implantação de condomínios residenciais verticais de grande porte tem gerado no bairro São Pedro em Juiz de Fora – MG. Para isso, a pesquisa utilizou dados do Censo Demográfico 2000 e do Censo Demográfico 2010 para o desenvolvimento de modelo estimativo populacional relativo ao bairro São Pedro e aos condomínios analisados para o ano de 2020. O modelo buscou, primeiramente, estimar a população do bairro São Pedro para o ano de 2020. Desse modo, foram obtidos dois valores estimativos e então extraiu-se a média entre ambos. O primeiro valor obtido baseou-se no percentual de crescimento populacional observado no bairro entre 2000 e 2010, correspondente a 37%. O segundo valor baseou-se no percentual populacional do bairro em relação ao município de Juiz de Fora – MG, de acordo com dados dos Censos Demográficos de 2000 e 2010, além da estimativa populacional para a população de Juiz de Fora – MG para o ano de 2020, segundo IBGE. Em seguida, buscou-se estimar a população dos condomínios analisados. Para isso, a pesquisa utilizou dados do Censo Demográfico 2010 relativos ao setor censitário 313670205070026, o qual corresponde ao condomínio Residencial Colinas de São Pedro, empreendimento de padrão similar aos condomínios levantados. Foram utilizados dados relativos à (1) pessoas residentes, (2) domicílios particulares permanentes, (3) domicílios particulares permanentes ocupados e (4) média de moradores por domicílio ocupado. Para análise espacial do bairro, a pesquisa utilizou o software Google Earth Pro para elaboração de mapas e realização de medições das áreas do bairro e dos empreendimentos levantados. Para análise qualitativa espacial, foi realizado levantamento fotográfico dos empreendimentos e seus entornos. Dentro de sua ótica estimativa, o estudo concluiu que, até o ano de 2020, a população residente nos condomínios pesquisados correspondia a 27,10% (5.306 pessoas) da população do bairro e a área ocupada por essa parcela era equivalente a 2,53% (99.734 m²) da área do bairro. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa reforça o impacto que tais empreendimentos têm causado à dinâmica urbana local, de modo que é essencial o poder público estar atento às transformações da região.