bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Contribution of the Department of Agriculture 4K Program of Local Government Unit in Southern Philippines: Basis for Program Enhancement
Authors: Bandahan Mary Rose P. , Dumaog Czharralhyn Davone L. , Carlos Angelene C. , Lubos Lalevie C.
Published: November 2024

This study determines the economic contribution of the Department of Agriculture’s 4K (Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran ng Kababayang Katutubo) program to beneficiaries of Local government unit in Southern Philippines, an Indigenous community. It also assesses the program’s impact on beneficiaries’ economic conditions before and after participation, including satisfaction of basic needs, support for education, access to credit, acquisition of assets and properties, rest and recreation, healthcare, life insurance, savings, and investments. The study employed quantitative research methods and utilized a survey questionnaire to evaluate beneficiaries’ economic conditions before and after participating in the 4K program through simple random sampling. The findings reveal significant improvements in beneficiaries’ economic conditions after participating in the Department of Agriculture’s 4K program. Before participation, beneficiaries exhibited limited economic capacity, whereas post-program results indicate enhanced capacity to satisfy basic needs and support education. The study underscores the substantial contribution of the Department of Agriculture’s 4K program to the economic well-being of beneficiaries. It recommends continuous support from the Department to identify areas for program enhancement, to provide communities with the tools they need to choose and create livelihood initiatives that fit their resources, abilities, and cultural values.
Analysis of Society Behaving in Environmental Health Management in Indonesia
Authors: Amani Zahra Balqis , Darumurti Awang
Published: November 2024

This research aims to analyze public behavior in environmental health management to uncover behavior patterns, motivation, and barriers faced. The employed research methods involve qualitative descriptive techniques, which entail extracting secondary data from reliable mass media sources via internet news platforms. It encompasses a range of measures and strategies to preserve a high standard of environmental conditions to promote the well-being of humanity. The research delves into the intricate dynamics between persons and their surroundings, examining the various aspects that impact people’s daily behaviors and habits concerning environmental health. The significance of imparting comprehension, consciousness, and expertise to the general population regarding the state of the environment, together with the beneficial influence it can have on human welfare and the long-term viability of ecosystems. The findings indicate a widespread public concern regarding environmental health management, with a focus on producing a pollution-free environment. However, there is still a need to improve public awareness and concern regarding clean water quality.
Applying the Umega Model and Theory of Planned Behavior to Analyze Public Service Mall User Intentions in Sinjai, Indonesia
Authors: Nurhidayat Nurhidayat , Pribadi Ulung , Nurmandi Achmad , Congge Umar , Ahdarrijal Yujitia
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze the behavioral intentions of Public Service Mall Sinjai Regency by applying the Umega Model and Theory of Planned Behavior. This research method uses a quantitative approach, collecting primary data by distributing questionnaires to people who use Public Service Malls in Sinjai Regency. The questionnaire was distributed to 100 correspondents who were service users at the mall. The data was processed using SMART-PLS4. The results showed that the attitude variable had a T-statistical value of 2.209 and a p-value of 0.005, an effort expectancy had a T-statistical value of 2.217 and a p-value of 0.002, a facilitation condition had a T-statistical value of 2.481 and a p-value of 0.004, norms had a T-statistical value of 1.111 and a p-value of 0.370, and perceived Risk had a T-statistical value of 1.438 and a p-value of 0.202, performance expectancy had a T-statistic value of 2,920 and a p-value of 0.005, social Influence had a T-statistic value of 2,620 and a p-value of 0.005, and values had a T-statistic value of 2,471 and a p-value of 0.005. The R-square value that affects behavioral Intention is 0.709, showing that 70.9% of independent variables affect it. The results of this study can contribute to the development of Public Service Malls in Sinjai Regency, especially in formulating government policies to improve service quality, focusing on the weaknesses of norms and perceived risk variables.
Learning English with Moms using YouTube
Authors: Sorohiti Maryam , Rahmawati Fitria , Yuspayanti Yuspayanti , Fatimah Nur
Published: November 2024

The “Learning English with Mothers using YouTube” program is specifically designed to cater to mothers who have children enrolled in elementary school, particularly those in the third and fourth grades. At the outset of the program, a total of 19 mothers expressed interest and enrolled; however, only six of these mothers completed the program. This phenomenological study aims to delve into the various experiences of these mothers as they actively support their children in the process of learning English, particularly through the use of YouTube media. The findings from this study reveal that the participants engaged in collaborative study sessions alongside their children, which significantly aided in the development of new vocabulary and reading skills for both mothers and their children. Furthermore, the mothers shared that they gained valuable insights into their children’s specific learning interests, which in turn fostered closer familial bonds and connections. They also recognized the positive potential that smartphones can offer in educational contexts. It is anticipated that this program will empower parents, equipping them with the tools and knowledge necessary to guide their children in effectively utilizing smartphones for constructive educational purposes, such as learning English through various YouTube resources.
Navigation of Pedagogical Excellence: Mobile Learning’s Moderating Effect on Teachers’ Pedagogical Competency and Professional Competency in Evaluating Students Religious Characters
Authors: Fajar Shodiq Sadam , Makrufi Anisa Dwi , Najib Khotim Hanifudin , Goselfa Limason , Valencia Nadira Putri , Nurunisa Fadhila Aisyah
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of mobile learning on teachers’ pedagogical and professional competencies as well as their religious disposition. The research was carried out at SMA Muhammadiyah 6 and SMA Muhammadiyah 5 Yogyakarta with the aim of gaining a deeper comprehension of mobile learning in the context of education. This study employed a quantitative research design and recruited a total of 102 individuals through the use of random sampling. Information was gathered through the use of questionnaires consisting of 34 statements. The questionnaire responses exhibited high dependability, as shown by a reliability coefficient of 0.7. Hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression. The study revealed that teachers’ educational and professional competencies enhance their religious nature. The initial moderating influence had a notable adverse effect on the religious nature, but the later influence was favourable. The results did not provide evidence to support the hypothesis that mobile learning had a moderating effect on these talents and religious character. The schools SMA Muhammadiyah 6 and 5 in Yogyakarta provide evidence that the implementation of mobile learning enhances teaching methods and fosters the promotion of Islamic principles. These findings indicate that instructors and students must comprehend the learning process in order to attain the best possible educational outcomes. Mobile learning can be included into the teaching and evaluation processes at educational institutions to anticipate educational progress.
Gearing Toward Sustainability: Knowledge and Compliance of Local Tourism Business Operators in Southern Philippines on the Mandatory Regulations
Authors: Jesther Nasa-an , Dankyle Barbarino , Jairus Goring , Justine Cristobal , Yammie Daud
Published: November 2024

This study examines the knowledge and compliance levels of local tourism business operators in Southern Philippines concerning mandatory sustainability regulations in terms of licensing and accreditation, sustainable tourism development, preservation of cultural heritage, community involvement initiatives, and consumer protection policies. As the tourism industry thrives, sustainable practices have become of greater importance to ensure environmental preservation and community well-being. A quantitative method was employed to investigate the extent of compliance of these local business operators about their knowledge of the existing mandatory regulations. The study reveals gaps in knowledge and different levels of compliance by employing a combination of surveys and interviews with the local business operators. Through a quantitative approach involving surveys, focus group discussions, and data analysis, key findings reveal a strong understanding of supporting cultural events among operators but a moderate knowledge of other regulatory aspects. The research highlights varying levels of knowledge and compliance with licensing and accreditation requirements, emphasizing the importance of responsible tourism practices for environmental and cultural preservation. The study recommends targeted educational programs, streamlined regulations, and stakeholder partnerships to enhance operators’ compliance and support sustainable tourism development. By bridging knowledge gaps, addressing barriers to compliance, and implementing tailored interventions, strengthen its regulatory framework, foster industry professionalism, and advance toward sustainable tourism practices. This research contributes valuable information to the regulatory landscape and offers practical recommendations for promoting responsible tourism management and economic growth in the region.
Legal Protections Against Discrimination in Healthcare for Children with Special Needs in Indonesia
Authors: Yulian Ely , Amelia Tina
Published: November 2024

Human rights may be defined as the basic rights that every human being is presumed to possess from the moment of birth. It is the responsibility of the government to protect its citizens, a responsibility that encompasses the protection of all, including children. This obligation extends to all children, regardless of their specific circumstances, including those with special needs, who are often referred to as children with disabilities. This study addresses two research questions, namely: how the legal framework in Indonesia regulates the protection of children with special needs in healthcare services and how is the law enforcement regarding cases of discrimination in healthcare services against children with special needs in Indonesia. This normative juridical research employs both a statutory approach and an analytical approach. The outcome of this research is that the legislation and regulatory framework governing the fulfilment of the rights of children with special needs, including health services, has resulted in the establishment of legal entitlements, benefits, and certainty. However, in practice, the fulfilment of the rights of children with special needs to obtain health services without discrimination has not been implemented in accordance with the relevant legislation.
The Law Reform Regarding the Regulation of Medical Use of Artificial Intelligence and the Protection of Patient Privacy in the Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care
Authors: Meidiawaty Fusia
Published: November 2024

The use of artificial intelligence as a form of development is becoming increasingly common. Artificial intelligence is causing significant changes, including in the health sector. Further research is needed to determine the protection of patient privacy in the context of the use of artificial intelligence in the health sector and the need for legal reform related to the use of artificial intelligence in the health sector. This type of research is normative jurisprudence, using legal and conceptual approaches. The results of this study indicate the need for legal reform related to the use of artificial intelligence in the health sector. This reform should include restrictions on the use of artificial intelligence in the health sector, as well as guarantees of confidentiality of patient data.
Impact of Parkinson Medication on Neuropsychiatric and Neurocognitive
Symptoms in Patients with Advanced Parkinson Disease Prior to Deep Brain
Stimulation
Authors: Haeckert Jan , Roeh Astrid , Karch Susanne , Koeglsperger Thomas , Hasan Alkomiet , Papazova Irina
Published: November 2024

Introduction This study evaluates the impact of Parkinson disease (PD)
medication in advanced PD on neuropsychological performance, psychiatric
symptoms, impulsivity and the quality of life. In the 4-year period 27 patients
with advanced PD, scheduled for deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery (N=27, mean
age: 58.9±7.1, disease duration: 10.0 years±4.2) were examined preoperatively.
We hypothesized that a high dosage of PD medication or current use of dopamine
agonists affect cognitive functioning and psychiatric wellbeing.

Methods We performed two subgroup analyses with low versus high
levodopa-equivalent Dosage (LED) medication and without versus with
dopaminagonistic medication.

Results The neuropsychological testing revealed significant differences in
the verbal learn- and memory-test (VLMT) during the learning passage (U=36.500,
Z=− 2.475, p=0.012) and in the subtest of the semantic fluency of Regensburg
verbal fluency test (RWT) (t(25)=− 2.066, p=0.049) with better results for
patients without dopaminagonistic medication. Pearson correlation analyses of
LED in correlation with the clinical and cognitive dependent variables showed a
significant higher PANSS total score in patients with higher LED medication
(r=0.491, p=0.009). In addition, lower LED treatment was associated with
significant higher scores in the impulsivity perseverance subtest (r=− 0.509,
p=0.008).

Discussion In conclusion, we found lower LEDs to be correlated with a
better perseverance in the impulsivity test and additional treatment with a
dopamine agonist influenced some verbal learning tasks and the PANSS total score
in patients with advanced PD. This should be considered prior to DBS
surgery.
Endoscopic features of solitary colorectal hamartomatous polyps: Solitary juvenile polyp and Peutz-Jeghers polyp
Authors: Kawasaki Keisuke , Torisu Takehiro , Umeno Junji , Kurahara Koichi , Egashira Shinjiro , Miyazono Satoshi , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Oshiro Yumi , Kawatoko Shinichiro , Nagasue Tomohiro , Matsuno Yuichi , Kawakubo Naonori , Nagata Kouji , Moriyama Tomohiko , Tajiri Tatsuro , Kitazono Takanari
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to clarify the endoscopic characteristics of colorectal hamartomatous polyps, including solitary juvenile polyp (JP) and solitary Peutz-Jeghers polyp (PJP).

We reviewed the clinicopathological and endoscopic findings of 151 colorectal polyps with a diagnosis of solitary JP or solitary PJP. The clinicopathological and endoscopic findings of 119 JPs and 32 PJPs were retrospectively compared.

Endoscopic findings included significantly higher incidences of erosion, whitish exudates, and chicken-skin mucosa in JPs compared with PJPs. A lobular surface was more common in PJPs. Magnified narrow-band imaging endoscopic findings indicated that expanded crypt openings, sparse marginal crypt epithelia, and proliferation of capillary vessels were characteristic of JPs. Branching structures were more prevalent in PJPs. Magnifying chromoendoscopy found a predominance of star-like pit patterns and decreased pit densities in JPs, whereas tubular and branching pit patterns were more frequent in PJPs. Neither type of polyp was found to contain adenomas, dysplasia, or malignant cells. Combinations of specific characteristic endoscopic findings in the JPs and PJPs showed high diagnostic accuracy for those polyps.

Solitary JPs and PJPs in the colorectum manifested characteristic endoscopic findings, and combinations of specific characteristic endoscopic findings may be useful for endoscopic diagnosis of solitary JPs and PJPs.
Impact of Cannabis Legalization on Umbilical Cord Tissue Tetrahydrocannabinol Levels
Authors: Spence Kimberly , Milota Sarah , Buchanan Paula , Acharya Nirja , Mathur Amit M.
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of cannabis legalization on both qualitative and quantitative umbilical cord tissue tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) rates and concentrations as a proxy for fetal exposure.

Study Design This is a retrospective, observational study of umbilical cord tissue THC levels in a single center, comparing THC exposure rates and concentration levels before and after cannabis legalization in the state of Illinois, Epoch 1 (October 1, 2018–June 30, 2019, pre-legalization) and Epoch 2 (July 1, 2019–August 31, 2021, post-legalization).

Results A total of 811 umbilical cords were analyzed during epoch 1 and 2,170 during epoch 2. A higher percentage of umbilical cord tissue tested positive for THC in Epoch 2 compared with Epoch 1 (46.2% vs. 40.6%; p < 0.01). Mean THC levels were 51% higher in umbilical cord tissue in Epoch 2 versus Epoch 1 (6.2 ng/g vs. 4.1 ng/g; p < 0.001).

Conclusion Legalization of recreational cannabis was associated with more fetuses exposed to THC and in higher concentrations.

Key Points
Scientific Research Trend on Guided Tissue Regeneration: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Alhumaidan Abdul Kareem Abdullah , Alam Beenish Fatima , Alsuwaiyan Asim , Aljoghaiman Eman Ahmed , Helmi Mohammad , Ali Saqib
Published: November 2024

Objectives Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a widely used technique in contemporary dentistry which helps achieve regeneration of periodontal tissues. This study aims to identify leading countries, authors, institutes, journals, scientific publications, and mostly used keyword regarding role of GTR in treatment for periodontal disease using the Scopus database.

Materials and Methods A well-curated search through Scopus database for significant literature related to GTR published between 1987 and 2023 was performed. Bibliographical data which comprised of abstracts, title, keywords, references, citations, and other relevant information were composed. The data was analyzed using MS Excel and VOSviewer.

Results Scientific literature on GTR was manually scrutinized, and 308 paper were analyzed using the Scopus database. The first paper on GTR was published in 1987. Journal of Periodontology was identified as the leading journal, while the United States and Italy were the top contributing countries. University of Sienna was the most productive organization. Roberto Pontoriero was identified as the highly cited author. A highly cited scientific paper was published by Pintippa Bunyaratavej in 2001.

Conclusion The present bibliometric study gives useful information related to the total number of scientific articles published from 1987 to 2023. A rising trend of scientific publication was identified which continued followed by a notable decline after 2004. The analysis also recognized the United States and University of Sienna, from Italy as most active country and organizations, while the Journal of Periodontology as the leading journal.

Clinical Relevance This study may assist in continuing education and evidence-based practice for clinicians and new researchers by providing knowledge and aiding literature searches in the domain of GTR used in treatment for periodontal conditions.
Effect of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Transection during TPLO on Patellar Desmitis in Dogs with Partial Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Authors: Almeida Mariana , Livet Véronique
Published: November 2024

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of transecting a partially ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) during tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) surgery on postoperative patellar ligament thickness (PLT) and shortening.

Study Design Dogs with partial CCL rupture that underwent a unilateral TPLO were included. The population was divided into two groups: remnant CCL transected (study group) and left in situ (control group). Preoperative and 6-week postoperative measurements of PLT, in three specific locations, and patellar ligament length (PLL) were collected. Risk factors for PLT and shortening were also included.

Results Fifty-two dogs (56 stifles) with partial CCL rupture were retrospectively included. Twenty-nine stifles (51.8%) had the remnant CCL transected (study group) and 27 stifles (48.2%) had the remnant CCL left in situ (control group). Significant differences were found on PLT measurements between pre- and 6-week post-surgery for all three ligament locations with greatest difference at the middle region. Median PLL was significantly shorter 6-week post-surgery for both groups. No significant differences in PLT nor PLL were identified between procedures where the remnant was transected or not.

Conclusion This study did not identify a protective effect of transecting the CCL remnant on PLT or patellar ligament shortening, contrary to other reports within the literature. Further investigation is needed in the form of prospective studies with higher number of cases to understand the clinical implications of patellar ligament thickening and shortening in dogs.
Effect of ortho–para composition on thermodynamic properties of liquid hydrogen
Authors: Marinin V. C. , Pashkov V. V.
Published: November 2024

Thermodynamic perturbation theory is used to calculate the equilibrium bulk properties of ortho–para mixtures of liquid hydrogen. The use of an effective spherically symmetrical intermolecular potential for the ortho–ortho interaction makes it easy to find the thermodynamic properties of such systems as a function of the concentrations. As an example, differences in the compressibility factors of normal hydrogen and pure para hydrogen are calculated from the isotherms T = 23 and 29°K. The results are in good agreement with experimental data.
Effect of magnetic transition-metal impurities on the tunnel characteristics of superconducting contacts
Authors: Moskalenko V. A. , Digor D. F.
Published: November 2024

Singularities in the derivatives of the tunnel-current amplitudes in SIS' junctions are studied for the case when the superconductors constituting the junction contain magnetic transition-metal impurities. It is shown that with a forbidden energy band between the impurity band and the energy continuum the second and higher derivatives of the tunnel-current amplitudes have singularities in addition to those predicted by the Abrikosov–Gor’kov theory.
Two-exciton absorption of light in MnF2 during four-photon excitation
Authors: Dokashenko V. P. , Eremenko V. V. , Matyushkin E. V. , Bron R. Ya.
Published: November 2024

When luminescence from the antiferromagnet MnF2 (νmax≃17000 cm‒1) was excited by radiation from a neodymium-glass laser (ν ≃ 9400 cm‒1) the integral luminescence intensity was observed to increase as the fourth power of the exciting power. The cross section for absorption of light in this process is σ ≃ 10‒27cm2. The results of this experiment indicate that two-exciton absorption of light has been observed, in which two excitons are simultaneously excited by the absorption of two photons each.
Study of the crystal field of a paramagnetic crystal by the uniaxial compression method
Authors: Vasyukov V. N. , Lukin S. N. , Tsintsadze G. A.
Published: November 2024

A study is made of the low-temperature features of the crystal field acting on a Ni2+ ion replacing a Zn2+ ion in a ZnSiF6·6H2O crystal. It is shown that the axial distortion of the water molecule complex forming the immediate environment of the paramagnetic ion is a compression along the third-order axis. The wide potentialities of the use of the method of axial pressures for perturbing the energy states of a paramagnetic ion are demonstrated.
Softening of nickel in the magnetically ordered state with varying magnetic field
Authors: Abraimov V. V. , Soldatov V. P.
Published: November 2024

The effect of a magnetic field on the plasticity of nickel in the magnetically ordered state is investigated at T = 4.2°K in contitions of creep. It is shown experimentally that switching off an additional magnetic field ΔH = 1 – 5 kOe leads to the softening of the ferromagnet and to the formation of a strain discontinuity δϵm. When the field ΔH is turned on, a sharp decrease in the rate of creep is observed. It is assumed that the observed feature in the low-temperature creep of nickel is due to variations in the interaction of moving dislocations with ferromagnons, the spectrum of which varies considerably with variation of the magnetic field.
Construction of a scale of isomer shifts using the data of nuclear gamma resonance of neutral iron atoms
Authors: Romanov V. P. , Ovechkina E. E. , Koshkin V. M.
Published: November 2024

In the temperature range 30−300°K, a study is made of nuclear gamma resonance (NGR) on Fe57 nuclei in the semiconductor compounds In2Te3 and Ga2Te3 with a loose crystal lattice. It is shown that the electron density at the Fe57 nuclei in In2Te3 and Ga2Te3 corresponds to the neutral state of the iron atoms with electron configuration 3d74s1. A isomeric shift scale for Fe57 is proposed, which is constructed using NGR data for neutral iron atoms in crystal matrices.
Two-soliton solutions of the Landau-Lifshits equations in the nonlinear dynamics of ferromagnets
Authors: Borovik A. E. , Maslov K. V.
Published: November 2024

The results of a numerical experiment on the interaction of two solitary spin waves propagating in a magnetically ordered medium are presented. The experiment showed that solition-type solutions satisfy the asymptotic superposition principle, i.e., the system allows n-soliton solutions.
On the measurement of the critical current in type-I superconductors
Authors: Shikina N. I.
Published: November 2024

A method is proposed for the measurement of the critical current in type-I superconductors which permits avoiding the passage of the specimen into the normal or intermediate states in an investigation of metastable current states. This affords the possibility of diminishing the role of random factors in determining the critical current.
Collective oscillations of the vortex lattice in He II
Authors: Isakadze S. Dzh.
Published: November 2024

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the collective oscillations of the vortex lattice in rotating He II. The Tkachenko wave velocity and the shear modulus of the vortex lattice are determined.
Constructing a weakly-interacting fixed point of the fermionic Polchinski equation
Authors: Greenblatt Rafael Leon
Published: November 2024

I rigorously prove the existence of a nontrivial fixed point of a family of continuous renormalization group flows corresponding to certain weakly interacting Fermionic quantum field theories with a parameter in the propagator allowing the scaling dimension to be tuned in a manner analogous to dimensional regularization.
From molecular descriptions to cellular functions of intrinsically disordered protein regions
Authors: Chen Wei , Fraser Olivia A. , George Christy , Showalter Scott A.
Published: November 2024

Molecular descriptions of intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) are fundamental to understanding their cellular functions and regulation. NMR spectroscopy has been a leading tool in characterizing IDRs at the atomic level. In this review, we highlight recent conceptual breakthroughs in the study of IDRs facilitated by NMR and discuss emerging NMR techniques that bridge molecular descriptions to cellular functions. First, we review the assemblies formed by IDRs at various scales, from one-to-one complexes to non-stoichiometric clusters and condensates, discussing how NMR characterizes their structural dynamics and molecular interactions. Next, we explore several unique interaction modes of IDRs that enable regulatory mechanisms such as selective transport and switch-like inhibition. Finally, we highlight recent progress in solid-state NMR and in-cell NMR on IDRs, discussing how these methods allow for atomic characterization of full-length IDR complexes in various phases and cellular environments. This review emphasizes recent conceptual and methodological advancements in IDR studies by NMR and offers future perspectives on bridging the gap between in vitro molecular descriptions and the cellular functions of IDRs.
Ultra-tunable dielectric capacitors enhanced by coupling ferroelectric field effect and semiconductor field effect
Authors: Mao Feilong , Gui Jiashu , Hou Yongqi , Gao Siyuan , Zeng Haohan , Wang Weibiao , Xu Zhibin , Zhu Yifan , Fan Li , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2024

Tunable ferroelectric film capacitors play an important role in tunable microwave devices and filter systems due to their high dielectric constant, low loss, and high dielectric tunability. However, there is a trade-off between low loss and high tunability, which limits further enhancement of dielectric performance. Here, we propose an ultra-tunable capacitor by designing a Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BST)–semiconductor heterostructure. In the tunable capacitor, the BST film is fabricated directly on p-type silicon substrates by magnetron sputtering, and a heterostructure layer is constructed. The coupling effects between the semiconductor depletion layer capacitance and the BST capacitance produce higher capacitance tunability than a traditional sandwich BST capacitor. Based on the coupling effects, a metal–ferroelectric–semiconductor–ferroelectric–metal capacitor is developed, which enables the capacitor to operate under both negative and positive biases, which has an n value (n=Cmax/Cmin) of 90 with 40 V bias voltage and a maximum Q of 1000. The results offer a potential approach to designing high-performance tunable capacitors on silicon with BST film that could build tunable filters for information processing in communication systems.
Continuous near-perfect sound absorption of a slit-resonator acoustic metastructure
Authors: Li Yingli , Yan Yu , Yan Jiahui , Xie Suchao , Peng Yong
Published: November 2024

A novel slit-resonator acoustic metastructure (SRAM) composed of Helmholtz resonators and porous materials is proposed to achieve a continuous perfect sound absorption at 200–3000 Hz. The Helmholtz resonator utilizes the resonance effect for low-frequency acoustic energy attenuation, and when its neck is small enough, it can be considered as an air slit. The air slit acts as a channel, from which most acoustic waves enter the metastructure and are absorbed by porous materials. Porous materials absorb high-frequency sound waves through thermoviscous dissipation. Unlike traditional filling forms, porous materials are filled around the air slits. To analyze the acoustic performance of this metamaterial, theoretical models and finite element models are developed and experimentally verified. The SRAM with melamine foam and rock wool can reach an absorption effect better than 0.5 at 331–3000 Hz and reaches a peak of 0.946 at 501 Hz with a thickness of 50 mm. Using the genetic algorithm, the parameters of SRAM are optimized for efficient sound absorption over a wider bandwidth. The optimized SRAM obtains an absorption coefficient of 0.8 in the range of 400–3000 Hz with a thickness of 50 mm. This study provides a new method of low-frequency ultra-broadband sound absorption.
Wavy interface formation mechanism during magnesium–aluminum electromagnetic pulse welding
Authors: Li C. X. , Wu Z. X. , Chen D. , Shu Y. H. , Zhou Y.
Published: November 2024

The wavy interface and its formation mechanism in magnesium–aluminum joints fabricated by electromagnetic pulse welding are investigated. This work reveals the wavy interfaces are produced by the shock wave-induced Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) instability. The shock wave generated at the collision point propagates forward along the collision angle and undergoes refraction and reflection at the boundaries, reaching the bonding interface and causing disturbances. It leads to K–H instability at the bonding interface, periodically generating waves. The re-reflection of the shock wave also leads to the secondary K–H instability, which creates the secondary wave with a smaller amplitude on the original wave. Based on this principle, a shock wave-induced K–H instability simulation model was also established to predict the wavy interface length.
Internal quantum efficiency of GaAsBi MQW structure for the active region of VECSELs
Authors: Štaupienė A. , Zelioli A. , Špokas A. , Vaitkevičius A. , Čechavičius B. , Stanionytė S. , Raišys S. , Butkutė R. , Dudutienė E.
Published: November 2024

We present a detailed study on the optical properties of GaAsBi/GaAs multiple quantum well structure, optimized for the active area for vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers. The quantum structure was grown by molecular beam epitaxy with every other barrier made thinner to have a homogeneous structure with high photoluminescence (PL) intensity. PL measurements were carried out in a wide temperature range from 4 to 300 K. The PL band of 1.085 eV was attributed to the optical transition in QWs with 8.0%Bi. The S-shaped temperature dependence of PL peak positions showed high localization effect of 30 meV. The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) was evaluated for the bismide structures with a modified ABB* method, which includes contribution from trap-assisted Auger recombination. The calculations showed low IQE of <0.025% for GaAs0.92Bi0.08/GaAs 12 QWs structure, which was explained by the low growth temperature, resulting in a high density of point defects in the material.
Experimental and computational optimization of sheet metal forming parameters for cylindrical cups of Al1100 and SS202
Authors: Kaimkuriya Amit , Balaguru S.
Published: November 2024

Deep drawing is a critical manufacturing process in the automobile, aerospace, and packaging industries, widely employed for producing cup-shaped components. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the deep drawing process for cylindrical cups formed from Al1100 and SS202, focusing on the influence of material type, blank diameter (50, 55, 60, and 70 mm), and lubrication conditions. A hybrid approach, combining experimental investigations, Finite Element Analysis (FEA), and the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), was utilized to determine optimal process parameters, including load, compressive strength, and elongation. Experimental results indicated that FEA accurately predicted elongation (20 mm) across all blank diameters but overestimated maximum loads and compressive strengths, particularly for SS202. Lubrication significantly reduced loads and defects while enhancing elongation, although these improvements were not fully captured by FEA simulations. WOA outperformed FEA in predictive accuracy, achieving error margins as low as 1.87% for minimum load and 2.31% for compressive strength. The optimization process identified a 50 mm blank diameter as the most efficient for both the materials, enhancing material utilization and process efficiency. Integrating WOA with FEA yielded valuable insights into defect mitigation, particularly in reducing wrinkling and fractures, thereby improving product quality. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining advanced optimization algorithms with simulation tools, promoting sustainable manufacturing by enhancing efficiency and material utilization in deep drawing processes.
Remaining useful life prediction of lithium-ion batteries based on FEEMD-LSTM-TAM-OKELM
Authors: Yu Jingmei , Cai Yaoyang , Huang Yingxin , Yang Xinle
Published: November 2024

The Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries is an essential indicator in battery management systems. Accurately predicting the RUL of lithium-ion batteries is beneficial for designing a reliable battery system, ensuring the safety and reliability of the operation of the battery system. This paper proposes a method based on Fast Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (FEEMD)-Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-Temporal Attention Mechanism (TAM)-Online Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (OKELM) for predicting the RUL of lithium-ion batteries for nonlinear and non-stationary capacity sequences. First, the FEEMD algorithm decouples the battery capacity data to separate the overall trend and oscillation signals in the capacity data; subsequently, LSTM-TAM and OKELM were used to predict the overall trend and oscillation signals, respectively. A series of comparative experiments were conducted on the lithium-ion battery datasets of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE) at the University of Maryland to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of this method. The experiment shows that this method has stable RUL prediction performance for lithium-ion batteries, with an absolute error of no more than one cycle in the NASA dataset and no more than two cycles in the CALCE dataset.
Development of hydrogen ionic plasma source with superimposed positive-ion beam
Authors: Oohara Wataru , Fujii Masashi
Published: November 2024

A hydrogen ionic plasma source has been developed that is with a low residual electron presence (<0.01) using an aluminum plasma grid for negative hydrogen ion production and a control grid for electron removal. The ionic plasma density increases when a positive-ion beam is superimposed on a hydrogen plasma and irradiated onto the Al plasma grid. Even though the ionic plasma is formed in a region with high-deflection magnetic flux density, a collapse phenomenon can occur downstream of the region under certain electrode voltage conditions, causing electrons to appear and forming an electron plasma. Under electrode voltage conditions that prevent the collapse, the nine ionic plasmas, each passing through extraction apertures with a diameter of 1.3 cm, are combined to form the ionic plasma with a diameter of approximately 6 cm and a density on the order of 109 cm−3.
Linear gyrokinetic simulations of toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes in the Mega-Amp Spherical Tokamak
Authors: Wong H. H. , Huang H. , Liu P. , Yu Y. , Wei X. , Brochard G. , Fil N. , Lin Z. , Podesta M. , Bonofiglo P. J. , McClements K. G. , Michael C. A. , Crocker N. A. , Garzotti L. , Carter T. A.
Published: November 2024

Linear gyrokinetic (GK) simulations using the Gyrokinetic Toroidal Code (GTC) [Lin et al., “Turbulent transport reduction by zonal flows: Massively parallel simulations,” Science 281, 1835–1837 (1998)] have been performed to investigate Toroidicity-driven Alfvén Eigenmodes (TAEs) driven by the neutral beam injection (NBI) induced fast ions in the Mega-Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) to identify the non-perturbative and kinetic effects of thermal plasma. A specific TAE in MAST discharge 26887, with an on-axis NBI power of approximately 1.5 MW and plasma current around 800 kA, exhibited frequency chirping, and the tangential soft x-ray camera array resolved the radial mode structure peaked near |q|=1.5. Various excitation methods were used in the GTC linear simulations, illustrating this code's capability to realistically represent the mechanisms and behaviors of fast ion-driven TAEs in spherical tokamaks. The radial structures from these GK simulations closely match measurements and calculations performed using the NOVA ideal MHD code, though with the frequencies approximately 10 kHz lower, likely due to various kinetic and non-perturbative effects. The simulations measured the damping rates due to continuum damping, radiative damping, and ion Landau damping, revealing that ion Landau damping has the most significant contribution to the total damping rate of the TAE. A comparison of growth rates of TAEs excited by fast ion Maxwellian and slowing-down distributions shows that the TAEs excited by a fast ion anisotropic pitch distribution (as part of the slowing-down distributions) are more unstable compared to those excited by a Maxwellian distribution with an equivalent fast ion beta. This shows that the use of fast ion anisotropy alters the number of fast ions to be in shear Alfvén resonance, and hence, it can greatly affect the stability of TAEs. These tests can be performed with the GTC but impossible with ideal MHD simulations, highlighting the necessity of kinetic simulations such as the GTC for a precise prediction of the TAE stability.
Investigating language learning strategy use in adult L2 literacy
Authors: Dalderop Kaatje
Published: November 2024

The study focuses on the language learning experiences of adult migrants from refugee backgrounds with limited
educational experiences before migration. This group is often referred to as LESLLA learners; LESLLA is an acronym for Literacy
Education and Second Language Learning for Adults. The study used Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT) — a data-driven, bottom-up
methodology for qualitative research — to gain understanding of the conditions that help or hinder LESLLA learners’ language
development and of the strategies they use to enhance learning and to overcome obstacles. The dataset is comprised of thirty
interviews with adult refugees from Syria and Eritrea learning Dutch in the Netherlands. The analyses identified self-efficacy,
which has been described as ‘the soul of strategies’ (Oxford, 2017), as a core
category, differentiating between learners who showed contentment about their language learning achievements and expressed
confidence in further learning, and those who expressed little confidence and a sense of failure. Conditions hindering
self-efficacy include the cognitive conditions ‘forgetting’ and ‘stress’, and the social condition ‘isolation’. Facilitative
conditions in the cognitive realm are ‘motivation’ and ‘language learning strategies’. ‘Social strategies in new social networks’
is the condition that stands out as strongly supportive for self-efficacy. The data showed how LESLLA learners are often not in
the position of power to build their networks. This means that social strategies are not an individuals’ asset but rather a
condition that is distributed in a social system.
Translating Arabic allusions into English
Authors: Burohaima Lobna , Rabab’ah Ghaleb , Benmessaoud Sanaa
Published: November 2024

This article analyzes the translation of Key-Phrase (KP) allusions in the short story collection
“al-‘Abarāt” by Al-Manfaluti from Arabic to English. More specifically, it looks into how the translator
handled the complexity that arises from the highly intertextual and dialogical nature of Al-Manfaluti’s work. Drawing on Leppihalme’s (1997) categorization of allusions and Venuti’s (2009) approach to the translation of intertextuality, this research maps the translation strategies that the
translator employed and their effectiveness in the course of reconstituting source text intertextuality in the target language.
The results showed that, by and large, the translator very often employed a literal translation strategy by focusing on semantic
correspondence. Such an approach produced a translation that failed to capture the rich intertextual relations in Al-Manfaluti’s
original, leading to much cultural and thematic loss. The article concludes that a hermeneutic rather than an instrumental
approach would be more effective at preserving the intertextual richness of source texts.
Chemistry of C2S and C3S in L1544 with NSRT
Authors: Ma Rong , Li Xiaohu , Quan Donghui , Tuo Juan , Szczerba Ryszard , Esimbek Jarken , Zhou Jianjun , Iqbal Wasim , Ge Jixing , Fedoseev Gleb , Zhang Xia , Feng Yanan , Zhang Yong , Yang Tao , Fang Xuan , Wu Yihan , Li Fangfang , Miao Zhenzhen , Tang Xindi , Li Dalei , He Yuxin , Wu Gang , Ji Weiguang , Yang Chuan-Lu
Published: November 2024

Sulfur-bearing species are widely utilized to investigate the physical structure of star-forming regions in interstellar media; however, the underlying sulfur chemistry in these environments remains poorly understood. Therefore, further studies of S-bearing species are fundamentally important, as they can enhance our understanding of the physical evolution of star-forming regions. This study presents observations of C2S and C3S in L1544, acquired using the Nanshan 26-m radio telescope, along with simulations of their chemical behavior using a one-dimensional physical model. The simulation results reveal significant radial variations in the column densities of C2S and C3S. Additionally, the column densities of both molecules are found to be sensitive to the cosmic ray ionization rate at several radial positions, while variations in the C/O ratio have comparatively minimal impact on L1544.
Observational prospects of self-interacting scalar superradiance with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors
Authors: Collaviti Spencer , Sun Ling , Galanis Marios , Baryakhtar Masha
Published: November 2024

Current- and next-generation gravitational-wave observatories may reveal new, ultralight bosons. Through the superradiance process, these theoretical particle candidates can form clouds around astrophysical black holes and result in detectable gravitational-wave radiation. In the absence of detections, constraints—contingent on astrophysical assumptions—have been derived using LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data on boson masses. However, the searches for ultralight scalars to date have not adequately considered self-interactions between particles. Self-interactions that significantly alter superradiance dynamics are generically present for many scalar models, including axion-like dark matter candidates and string axions. We implement the most complete treatment of particle self-interactions available to determine the gravitational-wave signatures expected from superradiant scalar clouds and revisit the constraints obtained in a past gravitational-wave search targeting the black hole in Cygnus X-1. We also project the reach of next-generation gravitational-wave observatories to scalar particle parameter space in the mass-coupling plane. We find that while proposed observatories have insufficient reach to self-interactions that can halt black hole spin-down, next-generation observatories are essential for expanding the search beyond gravitational parameter space and can reach a mass and interaction scale of

∼

10

−
13

–10−12 eV

/

c
2

and

≳

10

17

GeV, respectively.
Formulating the complete initial boundary value problem in numerical relativity to model black hole echoes
Authors: Dailey Conner , Schnetter Erik , Afshordi Niayesh
Published: November 2024

In an attempt to simulate black hole echoes (generated by potential quantum-gravitational structure) in numerical relativity, we recently described how to implement a reflecting boundary outside of the horizon of a black hole in spherical symmetry. Here, we generalize this approach to spacetimes with no symmetries and implement it numerically using the generalized harmonic formulation. We cast the evolution equations and the numerical implementation into a Summation By Parts scheme, which seats our method closer to a class of provably numerically stable systems. We implement an embedded boundary numerical framework that allows for arbitrarily shaped domains on a rectangular grid and even boundaries that evolve and move across the grid. As a demonstration of this framework, we study the evolution of gravitational wave scattering off a boundary either inside, or just outside, the horizon of a black hole. This marks a big leap toward the goal of a generic framework to obtain gravitational waveforms for behaviors motivated by quantum gravity near the horizons of merging black holes.