bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Großunternehmen und Betriebssport in Deutschland vom Kaiserreich bis in die Gegenwart. Ein (zu) wenig beachtetes sozial- und sporthistorisches Phänomen
Authors: Luh Andreas
Published: December 2020

Since the end of the 19th century, company sports appeared as a part of company’s social welfare policy. Large companies in Germany still offer company sport activities as a part of voluntary social benefits today, but their scope, kind and function have changed enormously. The present study focuses on the development of company sports during the German Empire, its expansion and institutionalization as a part of company’s social welfare policy in the Weimar Republic as well as its restructuring in the context of the efforts of the German Labour Front in NS Germany. Furthermore, the study examines the reorganization of company sports based on social partnership concepts and corporate identity - and corporate social responsibility strategies in the Federal Republic of Germany. It asks, what kind of changes took place in company sports in Germany under the conditions of a structural changing economic and capitalist system from the 19th to the 21st century, in four political epochs of German history, from the German Empire to the Federal Republic of Germany?
Der Mitropa-Pokal und die Legende mit den roten Schlafwagen. Fußball, Raumkonstruktion und europäische Eisenbahnverkehrsgeschichte in den 1920er/ 1930er Jahren
Authors: Krause Stephan , Suckow Dirk
Published: December 2020

The Mitropa Cup founded in 1927 was the most important professional football tournament of the interwar period. It was organized by the international Mitropa Cup committee, which was formed of leading protagonists from Central Europe such as Hugo Meisl. This Central European Cup was played out between different combinations of the leading clubs from the participating countries: Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Switzerland. German teams did not take part in the Mitropa Cup, because the DFB did not accept professional football teams at that time. With this sport historical background the study shows in which way the Mitropa Cup (as well as other tournaments) profoundly influenced the construction of economic and social space, and how it influenced the perception of the German Mitropa company. While it has been claimed that Meisl and his comrades could build on the sponsorship of the German restaurant and sleeping car company Mitropa, the parallel investigation of railway history through primary sources and sport history proves that no such relationship has existed, and furthermore, because of an international treaty the Mitropa was not allowed to provide services beyond Germany and several defined destinations. Thus, the discursive and spacial significance of both the Mitropa Cup’s football-based definition of Central Europe, and the Mitropa company as one of the two European players in sleeping and restaurant car services (the other being the French-Belgian CIWL/ISG), forms a historical coincidence.
Leadership Styles in Nursing
Authors: Çelik Durmuş Serpil , Kırca Kamile
Published: December 2020

Recent developments in the field of management-organization and organizational behavior and new concepts have also led to the emergence of new leadership styles in leadership. Leadership in health services is important for following innovations and adapting to current situations. Nurses working together with other health personnel in hospitals providing health services constitute an important group in leadership. Nursing, which is a key force for patient safety and safe care, is a human-centered profession, and therefore leadership is a key skill for nurses at all levels. The leadership styles of nurse managers are believed to be an important determinant of job satisfaction and persistence of nurses. The need for nurses with leadership skills and the need for nurses to develop their leadership skills are increasing day by day. There are several leadership styles defined in nursing literature. These leadership styles are examined under the titles of relational leadership style, transformational leadership, resonant leadership, emotional intelligence leadership, and participatory leadership. The task-focused leadership style is explored under the headings of transactional and autocratic leadership, laissez-faire leadership, and instrumental leadership.
Social Changes in the Peruvian Amazon Due to Foreign Influence
Authors: Stiperski Zoran , Hruška Tomica
Published: December 2020

The prehistoric Amazon had low numbers of hunter-gatherers due to poor soil and harsh landscape conditions, due to which it was not able to support advanced cultures. The arrival of Christian missionaries, oil companies, and farmers changed the lifestyle of a specific portion of the population, although some indigenous groups still avoid contact with the outside world. Missionaries stimulated changes in the indigenous medical-religious-political systems. In the Peruvian Amazon, the local government is too weak to carry out the usual functions of the state, and therefore oil companies have replaced the state in terms of various functions such as employment, building wells for the drinking water, healthcare, donation of electric generators, and aircraft transport of local indigenous authorities to meetings in Iquitos or Lima. The policies of the national government are turning the Peruvian Amazon into a productive area and are exploiting its natural raw materials. In modernising the Amazon region, however, the world is permanently and irreparably losing valuable knowledge regarding the nature of tropical areas.
Cognitive Factors Affecting AIDS Preventive Behaviors in Iranian Women with Addicted Spouses
Authors: Khosravi Chahak Fatemeh , Allahyari Elaheh , Miri Mohammad Reza , Norozi Ensiyeh
Published: December 2020

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS is one of the most substantial socioeconomic health issues in many countries all around the world. Objectives: This study aimed to address the factors affecting AIDS preventive behaviors in women who had addicted husbands using the health belief model (HBM) in Sarbishe and Birjand cities, Iran, in 2019. Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 224 women who had addicted husbands. A convenience sampling method was used, and all women whose husbands were under the support of the public and private addiction treatment centers were entered into the study. Data collection tools included a questionnaire of demographic items, HBM constructs, knowledge, and AIDS preventive behaviors. The collected data were analyzed using a correlation test and a regression model. The p value was considered less than 0.05 to be significant. Results: The respondents' mean age was 37.77 ± 8.97 years. Most women (93.8%) were housekeepers, and 54% of them had self-employed husbands. Most women (61.6%) and their husbands (58.9%) had an education level of under-diploma. Based on the regression model, the most important predictors of AIDS preventive behaviors included perceived self-efficacy (B = 0.231), education level (B = 0.196), and income (B = -0.154). Conclusions: Research findings confirm the association between perceived self-efficacy, education level, income, and adopting AIDS preventive behaviors. The obtained results can be used to develop theory-based interventions to shape AIDS preventive behaviors in high-risk groups.
Left Atrial Myxoma Misdiagnosis as Infective Endocarditis: A Case Report
Authors: Rafi Khourgami Mohammad , Ershad Ali , Mozaffari Kambiz
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Myxomas, as primary cardiac tumors, are rare neoplasms manifesting with constitutional, obstructive, and embolic symptoms. Systemic signs and symptoms make infective endocarditis one of the most common differential diagnoses. Nonspecific systemic signs and symptoms of myxomas can cause great challenges in management and treatment. Case Presentation: A 21-month-old boy was admitted to our center with a high-grade fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, but no significant respiratory complaints were noted. A history of lower limb pain and morning claudication was also present. The patient had leukocytosis with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of two months' duration. Other acute phase reactants were detected despite previous antibiotic therapy; however, his blood culture result was negative. In echocardiography, multiple masses were seen in the left atrium near the mitral valve apparatus. The diagnosis of infective endocarditis was made, and intravenous antibiotics were prescribed for up to two weeks. He then underwent surgery because of poor response to medical treatment and renal complications. During surgery, a small mass was seen in the left atrium, and two other masses were within the mitral chordae. The histopathology report confirmed atrial myxoma. Shortly after surgical resection of the tumors, the patient's symptoms improved, and inflammatory indices returned to normal. Conclusions: Constitutional manifestations of myxoma render it reasonable to consider it as a differential diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Obtaining a complete clinical history and using imaging tools are necessary for the correct diagnosis and prevention of complications of inappropriate treatment.
Percepciones del envejecimiento: Gerda Marshalson en 'Henry and Cato' (1976), de Iris Murdoch
Authors: Soláns García Mariángel
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo plantea una aproximación a la novela Henry and Cato (1976) de la escritora anglo-irlandesa Iris Murdoch, analizando desde la perspectiva de los estudios de la edad el modo en que se articulan en ella los significados culturales del envejecimiento. El análisis se centra en la codificación de la edad en el cuerpo de una de las protagonistas, Gerda Marshalson, las asimetrías en las relaciones de poder por razón de edad, y los comportamientos edadistas que refleja su entorno. De este modo no sólo se centra en los estereotipos relacionados con el complejo proceso del envejecimiento que la obra reproduce, sino también en la subversión de los mismos.
Un paisaje sacralizado por grabados rupestres protohistóricos e históricos en las hoces del río Mesa (Calmarza, Zaragoza) = A Sacralized Landscape by Protohistoric and Historical Rock Engravings in the Gorges of the River Mesa (Calmarza, Zaragoza)
Authors: Royo Guillén José Ignacio , Navarro Cabeza Francisco José , Benedí Monge Serafín
Published: December 2020

Los estudios sobre grabados rupestres al aire libre de cronología postpaleolítica, adolecen de importantes carencias que, en el valle medio del Ebro, se han visto superadas con la llegada del tercer milenio. Con la presentación de este trabajo se pretende dar a conocer un nuevo núcleo de grabados rupestres, localizado en el extremo suroeste de la provincia de Zaragoza, en las gargantas calcáreas del río Mesa. Entre los nuevos enclaves rupestres, destacan los abrigos con grabados protohistóricos, pero muy especialmente los de cronología medieval andalusí y los de iconografía cristiana entre los siglos XIV y XVIII, con perduraciones hasta mediados del siglo XIX y algunas escenas relacionadas con la primera Guerra Carlista en Aragón. La distribución de los hallazgos, su tipología e iconografía y los restos arqueológicos asociados, permiten documentar una importante ocupación del territorio desde la Iª Edad del Hierro y la sacralización del paisaje a través del arte rupestre, con pervivencias que se perpetúan a lo largo de la Edad Media y Moderna, destacando como novedad la presencia de un importante conjunto de inscripciones epigráficas islámicas que deben situarse entre los siglos XI y XII. AbstractThe studies on open-air rock engravings in post-Paleolithic chronology suffer from important deficiencies, which in the middle valley of the Ebro, have been overcome with the arrival of the third millennium.With the presentation of this work, the aim is to make known a new nucleus of rock engravings, located in the extreme southwest of the province of Zaragoza, in the limestone gorges of the River Mesa. Among the new rock engravings, the shelters with protohistoric engravings stand out, but especially those with a medieval Andalusian chronology and those with Christian iconography between the 14th and 18th centuries, which lasted until the middle of the 19th century and some scenes related to the first Carlist War in Aragon. The distribution of the findings, their typology and iconography and the associated archaeological remains, allow us to document an important occupation of the territory since the First Iron Age and the sacralization of the landscape through rock art, with survivals that are perpetuated throughout the Middle and Modern Ages, highlighting as a novelty the presence of an important set of Islamic epigraphic inscriptions that must be located between the 11th and 12th centuries.
La ductilidad del Derecho Parlamentario en tiempos de crisis: actividad y funcionamiento de los parlamentos durante el estado de alarma por COVID19
Authors: García-Escudero Márquez Piedad
Published: December 2020

La pandemia por Covid-19 ha provocado graves interferencias en el funcionamiento de los Parlamentos, que condujeron en nuestro país a soluciones diversas en los Parlamentos autonómicos, el Congreso y el Senado. En este trabajo se trata de analizar las decisiones adoptadas por los órganos de gobierno para hacer frente a la situación generada por la crisis sanitaria —en la que era esencial la presencia de la institución—, para la que no contaban con previsión reglamentaria ni muchas veces con herramientas tecnológicas suficientes. Frente a algunas soluciones imaginativas, en las que principios como la inmediatez o la presencialidad han sido puestos en cuestión, defendemos que la ductilidad del Derecho parlamentario tiene límites si queremos mantenernos en el Estado de Derecho.The Covid-19 pandemic has caused serious interference in the functioning of parliaments, which led to different solutions in Spanish autonomous parliaments, Congress and Senate. This paper analyzes the decisions adopted by governing bodies to address the situation generated by the health crisis, where the presence of the institution was essential but neither regulatory provisions nor adequate technological tools were available. In opposition to some imaginative solutions, in which principles such as immediacy or attendance to sessions have been challenged, it is argued that the ductility of parliamentary law has limits if we want to stay within the bounds of the rule of law.
El modelo irlandés de protección de los derechos fundamentales
Authors: Escobar Roca Guillermo
Published: December 2020

El modelo irlandés de derechos fundamentales resulta de utilidad para la comparación con España. Como elementos positivos que podrían inspirar una mejora de nuestro modelo pueden mencionarse: la apertura expresa y argumentada del catálogo de los derechos; un mecanismo institucional de declaración de incompatibilidad entre la ley nacional y el CEDH; el llamamiento frecuente al referéndum de reforma constitucional; y un sistema más accesible y menos politizado de control de constitucionalidad de las leyes. Como problemas comunes a ambos países, que manifiestan su retraso en relación con las tendencias recientes del Derecho internacional y de la doctrina, cabe mencionar: una resistencia a superar la concepción formal de la igualdad y a reconocer derechos fundamentales sociales, y un uso débil e incoherente del principio de proporcionalidad.The irish model of fundamental rights provides an interesting comparator for the Spanish model. Positive elements which could inspire an improvement of our model: the express development of unenumerated rights within the current catalog of rights; a statutory mechanism for declaration of incompatibility between national law and the ECHR; a frequent call to reform the constitution via a referendum process; and a more accessible and less politicized system of constitutional review of laws. Problems common to both countries, are the delay in implementation of recent trends in international law and doctrine; it is also worth mentioning: a resistance to overcoming the formal conception of equality and recognizing fundamental socio-economic rights, and a weak and incoherent use of the principle of proportionality.
Sammen, hver for sig: universitetsstuderendes læringsstrategier under COVID19-nedlukningen
Authors: Andersen Mikkel Hvidtfeldt , Gerwien Rikke Gammeltoft , Kammer Aske
Published: December 2020

I denne artikel undersøger vi, hvordan universitetsstuderende håndterede omlægningen til digital undervisning og læring, som fulgte af COVID19-nedlukningen af det danske samfund i forårssemestret 2020. Med et teoretisk fundament i især Wengers begrebsapparat (1998) omkring praksisfællesskaber og ”baner” for læring spørger vi, hvilke strategier de studerende brugte til at håndtere fraværet af det normale fysisk læringsrum. Undersøgelsens empiriske materiale består af kvalitative interviews (alle foretaget under nedlukningen) med 23 studerende fra alle studieretninger og årgange på IT-Universitetet i København. De studerende benyttede platforme som Facebook, Discord og Zoom for at etablere erstatninger for de tabte fysiske læringsrum. Analysen viser, at hvor studerende med eksisterende faglige eller sociale relationer til medstuderende generelt lykkedes med at danne praksisfællesskaber, blev det for andre blot til flygtige relationer på tværs af platforme eller ligefrem ensomhed og resignation. Vi diskuterer afslutningsvist forhold og overlap mellem undervisnings- studie- og støttefællesskaber under COVID19-nedlukningen.
Volviendo a pensar la alfabetización a través de los métodos mixtos: un estudio desde la mirada de los alumnos, las familias y el profesorado en la Educación Primaria en España
Authors: Moreno-Morilla Celia , Guzmán-Simón Fernando , García-Jiménez Eduardo
Published: December 2020

Los métodos mixtos presentan una alternativa sobre la investigación de la alfabetización como un fenómeno complejo. Este artículo analiza la integración de enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos para hacer inferencias causales entre la alfabetización como práctica social y los diferentes espacios de interacción. Este estudio se realizó siguiendo un diseño secuencial de métodos mixtos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1.540 niños, 1.438 familias y 74 maestros. El proceso de recogida de información combinó cuestionarios y procedimientos etnográficos. Los datos se analizaron mediante la realización de análisis correlacionales, modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para grupos múltiples y análisis cualitativos comparativos. La integración aplicada en este estudio permitió identificar e interpretar las inferencias causales que existen entre las prácticas de alfabetización de estudiantes, familias y docentes que tienen lugar dentro y fuera de la escuela. Este estudio destaca la necesidad de considerar en profundidad los procesos de integración y difracción de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos en la investigación sobre alfabetización.
‘Amongst stuffed beasts and fire-buckets’
Authors: Young Joanne
Published: December 2020

This article focuses on women at Owens College, Manchester between 1883 and 1900. It does so through the lens of the everyday places, spaces and material features that symbolically defined an everyday experience on the periphery of college life. Having achieved admission to Owens in 1883, the first women to enter this newly coeducational space were met by hostility and resistance that expressed itself both in words and the careful guarding of formerly male preserves. This article therefore examines the objects, doorways, rooms and lecture halls that formed the daily environment for women as they crossed the boundary of Manchester’s Oxford Road. It considers how they navigated and appropriated space within the college and how, physically and discursively, they carved out room to belong.
Enerģijas iegūšanas no fluīdu plūsmas iekārtu dinamikas analīze un vadības optimizācija
Authors:   , Irbe Mārtiņš
Published: December 2020

Reālā fluīda (gaisa vai ūdens) plūsmā daļiņu ātrums nav konstants, bet mainās laika un telpas apgabalā. Objektam mijiedarbojoties ar fluīdu, rodas kustība, kura var būt vairāk vai mazāk efektīva, atkarībā no izvēlētā mērķa (kritērija). Šī darba pirmās nodaļas mērķis ir analizēt mijiedarbības (kontakta elastību, virsmas profilu, ledus un aerodinamisko pretestību) parametrus, kas samazina fluīda ietekmi uz objektu kā, piemēram, skeletona sportā. Izmantojot mehānikas likumus, tiek izstrādāta jauna metode, ar kuru iespējams analītiski noteikt ledus berzes un kustīgā objekta aerodinamiskās pretestības koeficientus (parametrus). Tam ir plašas pielietošanas iespējas treniņu un sacensību procesā. Papildus ir apskatīta vibrāciju pozitīvā vai negatīvā ietekme skeletonam slīdot pa ledus virsmu. Šajos pētījumos optimizācijas kritērijs ir enerģijas ekonomija sacensību trasē. Savukārt enerģijas ieguves uzdevumu risināšanā (darba otrajā daļā) tiek izstrādāta jauna metode (teorija), kas palīdz vienkāršoti veikt analīzes, optimizācijas un sintēzes uzdevumus objektu mijiedarbībai ar šķidrumiem, ja ir objektiem translācijas, rotācijas vai komplāna kustība. Teoriju var attiecināt uz jebkuras sarežģītības formas ķermeņiem fluīdā (šķidrumā, gāzē), ja tiem ir iespējams matemātiski aprakstīt mijiedarbības virsmas. Metode pārbaudīta ar datorprogrammām un eksperimentiem vēja tunelī “Armfield”. Darba trešajā daļā ir apskatīti vairāki citi fluīda dinamikas pētījumi, tai skaitā: – izpētīts robotizētas zivs kustības piedziņas aktuātors; – analizēta un sintezēta enerģijas ieguves iekārta no robotizētas zivs astes spuras svārstībām; – veikta parametriskā formas optimizācija SUP (Stand up paddleboarding) piedziņas spuras motora vākam; – veikti praktiski eksperimenti dubultsvārstam vēja tunelī un tie salīdzināti (validēti) ar matemātisko modeli.
Dynamics Analysis and Control Optimization of Devices for Power Generation From Fluid Flow
Authors:   , Irbe Mārtiņš
Published: December 2020

ss. In addition, the positive or negative effects of vibrations on the skeleton as it slides over the ice surface are considered. In these studies, the optimization criterion is energy savings on the race track. In turn, in solving energy extraction problems (in the second part of the work) a new method (theory) is developed, which helps to easily perform analysis, optimization and synthesis tasks for object interaction with liquids, if there is translational, rotational or complete motion of objects. shaped bodies in a fluid (liquid, gas), if it is possible to mathematically describe the interaction surfaces. The method was tested with computer programs and experimentally in the wind tunnel “Armfield”. The third part of the work deals with several other studies of fluid dynamics, including: – studied the actuator of robotic fish movement; – energy production equipment from robotic fish tail fin oscillations was analyzed and synthesized; – parametric shape optimization for SUP board drive fin motor cover was performed; – practical experiments were performed for a double valve in a wind tunnel and they were compared (validated) with a mathematical model.
Prediction of chaotic time series using hybrid neural network and attention mechanism
Authors: Huang Wei-Jian , Li Yong-Tao , Huang Yuan ,   School of Information & Electrical, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
Published: December 2020

Chaotic time series forecasting has been widely used in various domains, and the accurate predicting of the chaotic time series plays a critical role in many public events. Recently, various deep learning algorithms have been used to forecast chaotic time series and achieved good prediction performance. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of chaotic time series, a prediction model (Att-CNN-LSTM) is proposed based on hybrid neural network and attention mechanism. In this paper, the convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) are used to form a hybrid neural network. In addition, a attention model with softmax activation function is designed to extract the key features. Firstly, phase space reconstruction and data normalization are performed on a chaotic time series, then convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to extract the spatial features of the reconstructed phase space, then the features extracted by CNN are combined with the original chaotic time series, and in the long short-term memory network (LSTM) the combined vector is used to extract the temporal features. And then attention mechanism captures the key spatial-temporal features of chaotic time series. Finally, the prediction results are computed by using spatial-temporal features. To verify the prediction performance of the proposed hybrid model, it is used to predict the Logistic, Lorenz and sunspot chaotic time series. Four kinds of error criteria and model running times are used to evaluate the performance of predictive model. The proposed model is compared with hybrid CNN-LSTM model, the single CNN and LSTM network model and least squares support vector machine(LSSVM), and the experimental results show that the proposed hybrid model has a higher prediction accuracy.
Radiation Characteristics of Artificial Magneto-Dielectric Antenna Loaded with Split-Ring Resonator Array
Authors: Adhiyoga Y. G. , Apriono C. , Rahardjo E. T.
Published: December 2020

This study proposes a simple artificial magneto-dielectric (MD) antenna with a split-ring resonator (SRR) loaded in an array configuration. This SRR element is used to realize the MD characteristic that is beneficial for antenna miniaturization. The simulation of material permittivity and permeability is conducted to ensure that the proposed SRR-array configuration has the expected MD characteristic. Configurations of SRR in arrays of 3×3, 5×5, 7×7, and 9 × 9 are realized to obtain its radiation characteristics when embedded in the antenna ground plane. A rectangular patch antenna is used in this study. Based on the simulation, the proposed antenna with an SRR array of 5×5 achieves excellent MD characteristics with high permittivity and permeability of 32.44 and 51.39, respectively. Furthermore, a microstrip antenna loaded with the SRR 5×5 arrays are fabricated on RT/duroid 5880 substrate. It has a dimension of 0.31λ0 × 0.26λ0. The simulation and measurement results of the proposed antenna show a fractional bandwidth of 4.79% and 5.2% at 1.5 GHz; and a maximum gain of 5.20 dB and 4.95 dB, respectively. Good agreement between the simulated and the measured results was achieved.
Marketing Channel Efficiency of Almond Products: Evidence from Samangan and Balkh-Afghanistan
Authors: Muradi Ahmad Jawid , Rahmani Zabihullah
Published: December 2020

The objectives of this study are to determine the most efficient marketing channels for almond producers. The marketing of almond products plays a significant role for small–scale farmers that provide income and towards sustainable rural livelihoods. The sample size of the producers included 125 farmers who were taken by the stratified sampling method. In addition, 15 contractors/middlemen, 12 retailers, 8 wholesalers, 8 support service providers, and 7 exporters have been surveyed, and the total number of participants reached 175 respondents. Descriptive statistics, marketing efficiency analysis methods were used to analyses data of this research. According to the results of Acharya and Aggarwal methods, the marketing efficiency analysis, the marketing channels were ranked according to their efficiency levels, which were found 11.17 for Channel 2 (wholesalers), 6.53 for Channel 1 (middlemen or agents), 3.36 for Channel 4 (exporters) and 1.88 for Channel 3 (retailers). Afghanistan almonds are large potential for the development and efficiency of almonds marketing in the study area as almond production is one of the major cash products in the Samangan and Balkh that has positively increased the welfare of the producers and intermediaries.
Multiple Linear Regression Approach for Strategic Decisions on Industrial Productivity under Limited Available Budget
Authors: Ojo Oluwaseun Oluwagbemiga , Oladapo David Ifeoluwa , Ajayeoba Abiola Olufemi , Akinnuli Basil Olufemi , Omotayo Temitayo Daniel
Published: December 2020

Proper planning and improved productivity is highly desired in industrial settings to optimize the available resources when there is limited resources and to control excessive spending in time of surplus.  Productivity is achievable by good levels of Materials, Time and Labor inputs which needs to be measured scientifically in order to maintain long run profit. This study explored processing data and incorporated Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) to find the relationship and predict the response of the available budget with the inputs of Materials, Time and Labor using Olam Cocoa Processing Industry, Nigeria as case study. The analyses were done using Multiple Linear Regression Model developed (i.e. ), it was discovered that the inputs of the selected strategic decisions  collectively affected the response of the available budget with F-value of 88.48 but each of them cannot reduce or increase the amount of budget except for manpower which has 0.069 or 93.1 % significant effect on the available budget. Also, Coefficient of determination established a strong fitness of the relationship between the strategic decisions and the available budget with the value of 0.974 (or 97.4 %). It is recommended that the project manager should subject his decisions making into scientific measures rather than brainstorming so as to increase productivity in the company.
Socio-demographic Risk Factors in Depression among the Clergy in Nigeria
Authors: Solomon Enyidah Nonyenim , Micheal Osika Ubigh , Sokiprim Akoko
Published: December 2020

Background: Depression poses a huge challenge on personal, professional, and social life of individuals. Studies on the prevalence of depression have largely been on the general population, using socio-demographic variables to explain it’s outcome. The clergy constitutes a special group of trained professionals on the vocation of care-giving, problem solving and spiritual healing. Information is scanty on the prevalence of depression among them and the contribution of socio-demographic risk factors on their mental health.

Objectives: This study seeks to determine the prevalence of depression among the clergy and impact of socio-demographic variables on their mental health.

Methods: 84 pastors of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in southern Nigeria, were evaluated for depression using the 9-item patients health questionnaire (PHQ-9), which assesses vulnerability to depression, and a 27 item demographic and risk factor questionnaire which assessed the demographic variables. Using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS-25.0), cross tabulation of variables of interest were obtained using x2 and t-test. Level of correlation of variables with depression was done by a bivariate correlation analysis.

Results: Out of the 84 pastors who consented to the study, 16 (19%) had depression, mean age of participants was 43.6yr, 72 (85.7%) were currently married, all the participants were educated, the mean year of service was 10 years and 45% had at least 3 children. There was no significant correlation between the socio-demographic variables and depression.

Conclusion: The study revealed a 19% prevalence rate for depression among the clergy and that the socio-demographic variables of age, marital status, level of education, number of children and year of service impacted positively on the mental health of the clergy.
The enigmatic world of tear extracellular vesicles (EVs)–exploring their role in ocular health and beyond
Authors: Fatima Azima , Sanyal Shalini , Jha Gaurab Kumar , Kaliki Swathi , Pallavi Rani
Published: February 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all kind of cells into the extracellular space, where they shuttle parental cell‐derived molecular cargoes (DNA, RNA, proteins) to both adjacent and distant cells, influencing the physiology of target cells. Their specific cargo content and abundance in liquid biopsies make them excellent candidates for biomarker studies. Indeed, EVs isolated from various body fluids, including blood, pleural fluid, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, milk, ascites, and tears, have been recognized for their potential as biomarkers in diagnosis, monitoring treatment, and predicting outcomes for various diseases. Increasing studies suggest that tears have great promise as a noninvasive liquid biopsy source for EVs. Our aim here is to provide a comprehensive review of the exploration of tears as a noninvasive reservoir of EVs and their contents, evaluating their accessibility and potential utility as a liquid biopsy method. Additionally, the potential of tear EVs in various cancers, including ocular cancer, is discussed. Finally, the advantages and challenges of employing tear‐based liquid biopsy for EVs for the disease's biomarker studies are evaluated.
Associations of Cerebrospinal Fluid Orexin‐A, Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers, and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Lu Ruijin , Shah Krish , Toedebusch Cristina D. , Hess Ashley , Richardson Rachel , Mignot Emmanuel , Schindler Suzanne E. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Flores Shaney , Hassenstab Jason , Xiong Chengjie , Morris John C. , Holtzman David M. , Lucey Brendan P.
Published: February 2025

Objective

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) orexin‐A has been suggested to be a biomarker of Alzheimer disease (AD). In both cognitively unimpaired healthy older adults and individuals with symptomatic AD, CSF orexin‐A is positively associated with CSF Aβ42, p‐tau181, and total tau (t‐tau) concentrations. However, a recent systematic review and meta‐analysis did not support differences in orexin‐A between AD and controls. In this study, we tested the association between CSF orexin‐A concentrations, AD biomarkers, and cognitive performance in older adults with and without symptomatic AD.

Methods

Two hundred and seventy community‐dwelling older adults underwent standardized cognitive assessments, sleep monitoring with a single‐channel electroencephalography test, one night of home sleep apnea testing, biofluid and imaging AD biomarker measurement within 1 year of sleep monitoring, and APOE genotyping. Plasma and CSF AD biomarkers were measured by immunoassay or mass spectrometry. CSF orexin‐A was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

CSF orexin‐A levels did not differ by amyloid positivity, cognitive status, or AD stage. However, CSF AD biomarkers (Aβ40, Aβ42, and t‐tau) were positively associated with CSF orexin‐A levels even after correction for multiple comparisons. CSF orexin‐A was not associated with any measure of cognitive performance.

Interpretation

This study showed that CSF orexin‐A is associated with multiple CSF AD biomarkers, but not with AD pathology or cognitive performance. We hypothesize that this is due to similar mechanisms of production/release of these proteins with sleep–wake activity. Future studies measuring other forms of orexin peptides, such as orexin‐B, may provide evidence for orexin as a marker for AD.
Stabilized Intermediate Phase Via Pseudo‐Halide Anions Toward Highly Efficient and Light‐Soaking Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Seo Jongdeuk , Shin Yun Seop , Lee Dong Gyu , Lee Jaehwi , Roe Jina , Son Jung Geon , Lee Woojin , Lee Yeonjeong , Lee Dongmin , Song Ji Won , Lee Tae Kyung , Kim Dong Suk , Kim Jin Young
Published: February 2025

Long‐term stability remains challenging due to persistent defects within the perovskite material, particularly at buried interfaces. Strategies to address these issues have focused on refining interfaces and managing residual lead iodide (PbI2), which impedes electron transport and compromises stability under prolonged light exposure. This study explores the impact of lead formate (PbFo2) treatment on SnO2 electron transporting layer (ETL) substrates and its subsequent influence on the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The carboxylate functionality of Fo− ions exerts multifaceted effects, influencing not only the electrical properties of the SnO2 ETL but also the morphological characteristics and crystallization mechanism of the overlying perovskite film. The ionized Fo− ions aid in forming bulk perovskite as intermediate phases during the perovskite crystallization. By stabilizing intermediate phases, their incorporation suppresses indiscriminate phase transitions from δ‐phase to α‐phase perovskite, ensuring the production of highly crystalline pure α‐phase perovskite with alleviated tensile strain throughout the perovskite film, particularly near the buried interface. Consequently, the strategy showcases enhanced performance with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.69% and enables a refined buried interface, devoid of residual PbI2, ensuring long‐term stability under continuous light‐soaking for 1,000 h. Overall, PbFo2 treatment stands as a pioneering approach poised to expedite commercialization.
Cyano‐Functionalized Hybrid Electrode‐Electrolyte Interphases Enabled by Cyano‐Substituted Tetrafluorobenzene Derivatives Additives for High‐Voltage Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Xin , Bai Yu , Jing Jiaxin , Ren Tao , Wang Zhenhua , Ma Jianmin , Sun Kening
Published: February 2025

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) operating at high voltages are attractive for their energy storage capacity but suffer from challenges: cathode instability, electrolyte consumption, and lithium dendrite growth. Modulating the electrode/electrolyte interphase (EEI) with functional additives is a practical strategy. Herein, a cyano (‐CN)‐functionalized hybrid EEI strategy is proposed to develop electrolytes for high‐voltage Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (Li||NCM811) battery with ‐CN‐substituted tetrafluorobenzene derivatives (tetrafluorophthalonitrile (o‐TFPN), tetrafluoroisophthalonitrile (m‐TFPN)), and tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (p‐TFPN)) as additives. The results demonstrate that the electrolyte‐containing additives, particularly o‐TFPN‐contained electrolyte, can derive a robust, and thermally stable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) enriched with LiF and ‐CN groups. Furthermore, the o‐TFPN‐contained electrolyte forms a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) with Li2O, LiF, and ‐CN. The ‐CN group generates electrostatic attraction, guiding Li+ flux, while LiF and Li2O with high ionic conductivity facilitate rapid Li+ deposition. The excellent EEI suppresses cathode degradation, electrolyte consumption, and dendrite formation. Therefore, the Li||NCM811 battery achieves stable performance over 200 cycles at 4.6 V, while the Li||Li symmetric cell stably cycles for over 350 h at a current density of 1 mA cm−2.
Trump Tariffs 2.0: Assessing the Impacts on US Distilled Spirits Imports
Authors: Muhammad Andrew
Published: February 2025

The proposed 25% tariff on Mexico and Canada could have significant repercussions on US imports of distilled spirits. This study estimates US import demand across various spirit categories (e.g., tequila, whiskey) and assesses the potential impact of the proposed tariff. Findings project that imports could decline by more than $1.0 billion, potentially falling by as much as $1.4 billion, primarily due to a substantial decrease in tequila imports. Interestingly, even imports not subject to the tariffs are expected to decline due to the complementarities in importing. Despite the inelastic nature of demand, the results suggest that trade losses would exceed any revenue gains from the tariffs.
Maintenance Therapy in AML: What Is the Future Potential?
Authors: Goulart Hannah , Wei Andrew H. , Kadia Tapan M.
Published: February 2025

Over the last decade, there have been significant advancements in the treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) including the addition of novel, targeted agents to intensive or nonintensive chemotherapy regimens. However, despite this, the majority of patients will still ultimately relapse and long‐term survival remains poor. While the use of maintenance therapy has emerged as a potential strategy to maintain more durable remissions and improve overall survival, the optimal use of these therapies has not yet been clearly defined. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of maintenance strategies in AML and present a commentary on the future of maintenance therapy, including the pressing, unmet needs in this field.
Frontline Therapy of AML in the Fit and Younger Population—Incorporating Molecularly Targeted Agents
Authors: Pratz Keith W. , Erba Harry P.
Published: February 2025

Backbone therapy for acute myeloid leukemia for younger adults has for 50 years been based on a combination of cytarabine and anthracycline. Over the past 10 years the addition of several targeted agents has been found to improve the outcomes of subsets of AML with particular molecular changes. In this review we will examine the data generated to date on the addition of agents targeting CD33, FLT3, IDH, and BCL2 to standard high intensity therapies. We will also review the potential for future studies evaluating the application of highly active lower intensity therapies developed in older adults to patients considered “fit for high intensity induction.” Lastly, we review the data around the role of stem cell transplant in the modern targeted era.
IIron‐catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of Enimines to N‐allylic Amines via Hydrosilylation
Authors: Tewari Tanuja , Shaikh Maulali H. , Sharma Himanshu , Vanka Kumar , Chikkali Samir H.
Published: February 2025

Chemoselective hydrosilylation of unsaturated imines is challenging as the two double bonds compete for the reaction. Here in, we report an iron‐catalyzed chemoselective hydrosilylation of enimines leading to the generation of allyl amines in the presence of phosphine ligand. A low‐valent Fe(0) complex [(BDA)Fe(CO)3] catalyzed the hydrosilylation of enimine at room temperature and exhibited broad substrate scope including a variety of enimine (cinnamylimine, allylimine) and ketimine. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the reaction proceeds through an oxidative addition of the silane compound, leading to the formation of an iron hydride intermediate. Subsequently, a two‐electron pathway facilitates the hydrosilylation of the enimine substrate. This has been supported by preparing a well‐defined Fe(II)‐silane complex and using it as a catalyst control. Based on experimental and computational investigations, a plausible Chalk‐Harrod‐type mechanism is proposed.
The Use of Antihypertensive Medication and In Vivo Alzheimer's Disease Pathology
Authors: Keum Musung , Byun Min Soo , Yi Dahyun , Ahn Hyejin , Jung Gijung , Jung Joon Hyung , Kong Nayeong , Lee Jun‐Young , Kim Yu Kyeong , Lee Yun‐Sang , Kang Koung Mi , Sohn Chul‐Ho , Lee Dong Young ,   for the KBASE Research Group
Published: February 2025

Objective

We investigated whether the use of antihypertensive medication (AHM) is associated with in vivo Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathologies in older adults with hypertension and examined if the effect differs by drug‐class and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability of the drug.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study recruited participants from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. Participants comprised both cognitively normal and impaired older adults diagnosed with hypertension (n = 408). All participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessment and [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography (PET) for measurement of cerebral β‐amyloid (Aβ) deposition. Additionally, a subset of participants (n = 120) was subjected to [18F] AV‐1451 PET to assess tau deposition.

Results

The AHM group (n = 227) exhibited significantly lower Aβ deposition (B [SE] = −0.104 [0.037], p = 0.006) compared to the non‐AHM group (n = 181), even after controlling for age, sex, apolipoprotein E ε4‐positivity, vascular risk factors, and mean arterial blood pressure. Further analysis by AHM class showed an association between the use of renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) and less Aβ deposition (B [SE] = −0.143[0.049], p = 0.004). No significant relationships were observed between the use of BBB‐permeable AHM and Aβ deposition. Additionally, associations between AHM use and tau deposition did not reach statistical significance.

Interpretation

Our findings suggest that AHM use may be associated with lower Aβ burden in older adults with hypertension. Further studies exploring the underlying mechanism, particularly related to RASi, may provide insights into new therapeutic targets for AD. ANN NEUROL 2025
Surface‐Confined Disordered Hydrogen Bonds Enable Efficient Lithium Transport in All‐Solid‐State PEO‐Based Lithium Battery
Authors: Fan You , Malyi Oleksandr I. , Wang Huicai , Cheng Xiangxin , Fu Xiaobin , Wang Jingshu , Ke Haifeng , Xia Huarong , Shen Yanbin , Bai Zhengshuai , Chen Shi , Shao Huaiyu , Chen Xiaodong , Tang Yuxin , Bao Xiaojun
Published: February 2025

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based electrolytes are essential to advance all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) with high safety/energy density due to their inherent flexibility and scalability. However, the inefficient Li+ transport in PEO often leads to poor rate performance and diminished stability of the ASSLBs. The regulation of intermolecular H‐bonds is regarded as one of the most effective approaches to enable efficient Li+ transport, while the practical performances are hindered by the electrochemical instability of free H‐bond donors and the constrained mobility of highly ordered H‐bonding structures. To overcome these challenges, we develop a surface‐confined disordered H‐bond system with stable donor‐acceptor interactions to construct a loosened chain segments/ions arrangement in the bulk phase of PEO‐based electrolytes, realizing the crystallization inhibition of PEO, weak coordination of Li+ and entrapment of anions, which are conducive to efficient Li+ transport and stable Li+ deposition. The rationally designed LiFePO4‐based ASSLB demonstrates a long cycle‐life of over 400 cycles at 1.0 C and 65 °C with a capacity retention rate of 87.5 %, surpassing most of the currently reported polymer‐based ASSLBs. This work highlights the importance of confined disordered H‐bonds on Li+ transport in an all‐solid‐state battery system, paving the way for the future design of polymer‐based ASSLBs.
Solvent Chemistry Manipulated Iodine Redox Thermodynamics For Durable Iodine Batteries
Authors: Liu Tingting , Lei Chengjun , Yang Wei , Wang Huijian , Ma Wenjiao , Li Jinye , Liang Xiao
Published: February 2025

The diverse valences of iodine enable it with multi‐electron transfer capability for energy dense batteries. However, previous studies indicate that the primary I−/I2 redox couple exhibits distinct behaviors depending on electrolyte choice, with the mechanistic basis of aqueous versus nonaqueous systems remaining unclear. Here, we elucidated the solvent effect on iodine redox, particularly focusing on polyiodide formation and their molecular interaction correlations. We validate that a thermodynamically one‐step conversion reaction (I2 ↔ I−) occurs in the protic solvents, while it is a two‐step transformation (I2 ↔ I3− ↔ I−) in aprotic solvents. This distinction arises from strong electron‐donating properties in aprotic solvents that facilitate charge transfer with iodine, promoting complexation with iodide as solvent·I3− species. Conversely, protic solvents form additional hydrogen bonds with iodine, alleviating polarization and reducing interaction with iodide. Furthermore, to address the limitations of single protic electrolytes—characterized by sluggish dissolution‐precipitation and slow ion migration rates—we propose a hybrid electrolyte combining water and ethylene glycol. These hybrids enhance iodine redox kinetics, inhibits I3− generation, and modifies the Zn2+ solvation structure to mitigate zinc anode corrosion and dendrite. The Zn‐I₂ batteries demonstrates exceptional long‐term cycling stability in a wide temperature range, highlighting its potential for practical applications.