bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of density gradient centrifugation technique (DGC) in enhancing sperm cell DNA quality for assisted reproductive technique
Authors: Ali Assila Hadj , Ajina Tesnim , Ali Maroua Ben , Mehdi Meriem
Published: August 2022

Objective

Density gradient centrifugation (DGC) is commonly used for sperm preparation before assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. This technique separates superior motile spermatozoa with normal morphology from the total sperm population. However, there is still controversy as to the effects of this sperm separation technique on sperm cell DNA integrity which is a determining element in the process of fertilization and embryonic development.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of DGC on sperm cell DNA integrity as assessed by a novel association between two cytogenetic tests.

Study designs

Semen samples were collected from 30 fertile donors and 40 patients being candidates for ART treatment. Each sample was divided into two parts: the first portion was subjected to selection by two layers of DGC (45% and 90%) and the second fraction was rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline solution and centrifuged without density gradient.

Abnormal sperm chromatin structure as evaluated by a sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test and DNA denaturation as assessed by an acridine orange (AO) test were monitored in the initially washed sample and in the different layers of the density gradient centrifugation.

Results

DGC significantly improved the proportion of sperm progressive motility, total motility, and sperm morphology. Moreover, following density gradient centrifugation, the proportion of spermatozoa with denaturated DNA significantly decreased when compared with whole semen (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that spermatozoa isolated in the 90% layer possessed a significantly lower percentage of sperm chromatin decondensation when compared with those remaining in the 45% layer and unprocessed semen (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Using double cytogenetic tests, our study shows that semen processing by density gradient centrifugation is useful in selecting sperm with higher double-strand DNA integrity and recommended to be used in sperm preparation for assisted reproduction.
Phonological awareness and reading abilities in elementary-school students with severe-to-profound prelingual hearing loss and unilateral cochlear implants
Authors: Shadi Mariam S. , Hafez Nirvana G. , Taha Shereen A. , Hassan Elham M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Research findings on the reading outcomes of cochlear implants are inconsistent. Controversy was observed in the reading performance of implanted children, both in relation to hearing aid users and normally hearing children. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the phonological awareness and reading skills of school-aged, severe-to-profound, prelingually deafened children using cochlear implants and to identify any associations between these skills and age of implantation, language development, and the chosen side of implantation. Patients who met the selection criteria were assessed using standardized phonological awareness and reading tests, and their scores were compared to normative data.

Results

Patients’ average scores were significantly behind age-matched normative data. Phonological awareness was strongly correlated to reading skills, and both were positively correlated to language abilities. Age at implantation was not correlated to phonological skills yet it was positively correlated to reading scores for patients over 9 years old.

Conclusion

Many cochlear implanted children are still struggling with reading. Phonological development should be considered in the rehabilitation of this group of patients as it was found to be closely associated with reading proficiency.
Ibuprofen Reduces Testosterone Level in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Banaszewska Beata , Ozegowska Katarzyna , Polska Martyna , Pawelczyk Leszek , Chang R Jeffrey , Duleba Antoni J
Published: August 2022

Context

Hyperandrogenism is a central feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In vitro studies have demonstrated that inflammatory stimuli promote whereas ibuprofen inhibits androgen production by ovarian theca-interstitial cells.

Objective

This work aimed to determine the effects of nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 on testosterone levels.

Methods

A prospective pilot study took place in an academic hospital of women with PCOS defined according to Rotterdam criteria (N = 20). Evaluations were taken at baseline and after 3 weeks of ibuprofen administration (400 mg twice a day or 400 mg 3 times a day, respectively, in women with weight < and ≥ 70 kg). The main outcome measure was total serum testosterone.

Results

Ibuprofen administration was associated with a decline of total testosterone from 0.75 ± 0.06 ng/mL to 0.59 ± 0.05 ng/mL (P = .008). There was no statistically significant change in the levels of other relevant hormones including dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, gonadotropins, and insulin. Multiple regression analysis identified the greatest decline of testosterone was independently predicted by baseline testosterone level (P = .004) and by baseline insulin sensitivity index (P = .03).

Conclusion

Nonselective inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 leads to selective reduction of testosterone consistent with direct inhibitory effect on ovarian steroidogenesis.
Concomitant Posteromedial Elbow Dislocation with Lateral Condyle Humerus Fracture in a 7 Years Old – A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Jain Deepak , Agarwal Tushar , Singh Sanjeev , Malviya Parimal
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Traumatic dislocations of the elbow are a rare injury in children. Concomitant elbow dislocations and lateral condyle fractures are even rarer. There is a wide variability in the outcomes of these injuries as there is no consensus regarding its management. We report one such rare case in a 7-year-old child. Case Report: A 7-year-old child was brought to the emergency room with an alleged history of fall on outstretched hand sustaining injury to the left elbow. He was diagnosed with a posteromedial elbow dislocation, along with fracture of the lateral condyle. The patient underwent emergency reduction of the elbow under appropriate anesthesia following which there was persistence of varus and valgus instability, for which the lateral condyle was fixed with a standard pinning through a lateral approach with three Kirschner wires. The patient was immobilized for 6 weeks in a plaster, after which mobilization was done started. for the patient achieving 110 flexion post-surgery. At 3 months follow-up, the patient showed good functional outcome with full range of motion. Conclusion: We report an exceedingly rare case of concomitant elbow dislocation and fracture of the lateral condyle in children. If emergent reduction of the dislocation and anatomic reduction of the fracture is achieved, satisfactory outcomes can be expected. Delayed recovery of the elbow motion is common, but full range of motion can be expected in the long run.
Isolated Cerebral Fat Embolism Syndrome in a Polytrauma Patient with Complete Recovery – A Case Report
Authors: Ajayakumar Thankappan , Nizaj Nasimudeen , Annie Thomas , Lekshmi T Padmakumari
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Isolated cerebral fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare complication that occurs within the first 3 days of the initial insult. We report a case of multiple long bone fractures with isolated cerebral FES, despite undergoing early total care with definitive fixation. Case Presentation: A 22-year-old female presented with type IIIA open femur shaft fracture on the right side (AO 32B2), closed femur shaft fracture (AO 32B2), comminuted patella fracture on the left side (AO 34C3), and undisplaced mandible fracture. She had a normal sensorium with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of E4V5M6. A whole body computed tomography (CT) scan was done to rule out other injuries. All initial scans were normal. After about 6 h in the ICU, she was noticed to have disconjugate gaze and was answering in monosyllables. A repeat CT scan of the brain was normal. The early total care and definitive fixation with titanium intramedullary nails for femur fractures and tension band wiring for patella was done under general anesthesia. On 1st post-operative day (POD), her GCS dropped to E1VTM1. On the 3rd POD, she developed decerebrate rigidity and generalized tonic clonic seizures. Fundoscopic examination showed multiple fat globules along the vessel in the entire field of both eyes. Since there were no other signs of FES in the lungs or on the skin, an MRI brain was done which revealed a hyperintensive starfield pattern on diffusion-weighted images, suggestive of cerebral fat embolism (CFE). At 4 weeks, her upper limb and lower limb muscle power improved. By 2 months, she was mobilized with support. Her Mini-Mental State Examination showed no cognitive impairment. At the latest follow-up at 1 year, her fractures are completely healed and she has no neurological or functional impairment. Conclusion: We must always suspect isolated cerebral FES as a diagnosis in polytrauma patients even when the classical findings are not present. MRI compatible implants have to be used as far as possible as MRI may be required to confirm the diagnosis of CFE. The early total care with definitive fixation and supportive treatment helped us in this patient’s complete recovery without cognitive impairment.
Reconstruction of the Extensor Apparatus Using a Hybrid Augment with Polyethylene Mesh and Fascia Lata Allograft: Report of a Case with Patellar Gigant Cell Tumor of the Bone
Authors: Andreani Lorenzo , Ipponi Edoardo , Nulvesu Gianluca , Sacco Federico Di , Fusari Niccolò , Capanna Rodolfo
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The extensor apparatus of the knee can be thought of a chain that transmits the muscular strength developed by the quadriceps muscles to the proximal tibia. This complex is essential to allow the extension of the tibia over the femur, being essential to provide knee mobility and stability. In case of lesions which irreparably damage the patella, such as a locally aggressive bone tumor, it is necessary to restore both the apparatus’ anatomical continuity and its strength. Case Report: A 67-years-old Caucasian woman developed atraumatic swelling and soreness in her left knee. X-rays and MRI images evidenced an osteolytic degeneration of the patella. A diagnosis of Gigant cell tumor of bone was made with a needle biopsy. We performed an en bloc resection of the patella and replaced it with a composite augment made with a polypropylene mesh and a fascia lata allograft. No complication was observed. In her latest follow-up, our patient did not have any extension lag and quadriceps strength was completely restored. Conclusion: The combination of internal layers of polypropylene surgical mesh and a surface allogenic graft can provide good mechanical performances for patients who underwent patellectomy due to a locally aggressive tumor.
Giant Cell Tumor of Distal Ulna – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Verma Abhineet , Goyal Divyanshu , Patel Yogesh
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Among the benign primary bone tumors, Giant cell tumor (GCT) accounts for about 3% to –5%. It is a locally aggressive tumor with maximum incidence between 20 to and 40 years of age. The sites where GCT is most commonly seen are distal femur, and proximal tibia followed by distal end radius. Distal end of ulna is a rare site with an incidence of only 0.45% to –3.2%. Case Report: We report a case of a 32- year- old male with (GCT) giant cell tumor of the left distal ulna. We managed the patient with en bloc resection of distal ulna along with reconstruction of distal radio ulnar joint (DRUJ) and triangular fibro cartilage complex (TFCC) using proximal fibula graft and palmaris longus graft. DRUJ was stabiliszed with a k- wire. Conclusion: After 1 year of follow- up, patient showed good results in terms of range of movements of the wrist joint with no evidence of recurrence.
A Rare Case of Completely Calcified Lumber Juxta-facet Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Fushimi Jun , Fukutake Katsunori , Mitsuda Aki , Nakamura Kazumasa , Wada Akihito , Takahashi Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Juxta-facet cysts (JFCs) are extradural lesions. Calcification of cyst walls is often reported, although completely calcified facet cysts are extremely rare. Case Presentation: A 65-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of the right lower extremity weakness and pain, and chronic low back pain. Imaging showed hypointensity on T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images which can be very well appreciated on a completely calcified computed tomography mass arising from the right L3/4 facet joint. The patient underwent a total cyst removal with a facetectomy of the right L3/4 facet, and L3 to L4 posterior fusion. Conclusion: We presented a case of a completely calcified JFC in a patient with back pain and radiculopathy who underwent cystectomy and spinal fusion. JFCs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of calcified extradural lesions.
Platelet-rich Plasma in the Treatment of Recurrent Flexor Tenosynovitis of Wrist Complicated with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
Authors: Jena Debasish , Barman Apurba , Sahoo Jagannatha , Baral Debanjan
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Hand disorders are common manifestations in persons with diabetes mellitus. Flexor tenosynovitis (FTS) of the wrist is a relatively less common occurrence when compared with FTS of the finger. In the presence of uncontrolled diabetes, recurrence is not uncommon, and management may become difficult. There is no mention in the literature about the management of FTS in the wrist, especially in recurrent cases. Case Presentation: A 38-year-old lady presented with pain and swelling over the volar aspect of the wrist associated with weakness of the grasp. In addition, she reported tingling and a current-like sensation in the radial three and a half digits. Routine laboratory investigations and plain radiographs of the wrist and hand revealed no abnormalities. An ultrasound (USG) scan of the carpal tunnel showed thickening of the flexor tendons, surrounding hypo- to anechoic areas with enhanced color Doppler signal. In addition, there was associated thickening of the median nerve compared to the healthy side. She reported recurrence of the symptoms despite several trials of conservative management and one injection of local corticosteroid. We planned a single injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) under direct USG visualization in an in-plane and short-axis view. There was a significant improvement in both pain and function scores up to a 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: FTS of the wrist is a less commonly reported entity that can be missed with clinical examination only. A USG scan can help in the detection of this condition whenever the diagnosis is uncertain. In patients with uncontrolled diabetes, PRP injection appears to be a safe and appropriate treatment option that can improve pain and function scores in the moderate term.
Flavonoid Compound from Dichloromethane Extract of Crinum amabile Donn Leaves
Authors: Afrianto Andika Wahyu , Panthong Kanda
Published: August 2022

Flavonoid compound was isolated from Crinum amabile Donn. leaves. The separation of flavonoids was carried out by using chromatographic techniques to purify CH2Cl2 extract of Crinum amabile Donn. leaves. Column chromatography with silica gel and sephadex as stationary phases, thin-layer chromatography, and preparative thin-layer chromatography were the chromatographic techniques used in this research. The pure compound obtained in the form of white-yellow solid with the Rf value is 0.44. Compound identification using 1H-NMR spectrometer showed the presence of protons from the CH=CH ortho with the appearance of a doublet of doublet (dd) each having j values of 8.5 Hz and 8.1 Hz with chemical shifts in the range of 6.5 ppm and 7 ppm. The CH=CH ortho group with the appearance of doublet of doublet of doublet (ddd) each having j values 8.4 Hz and 9 Hz with chemical shifts in the range of 7.2 ppm to 7.4 ppm. The methoxy group (-OCH3) was detected on chemical shift 3.8 ppm. Spectrometries of analysis showed that flavonoid compound obtained was 4-Hydroxy-7-Methoxyflavan.
A Questão do Figural na Teoria Contemporânea do Cinema Vista a Partir de Jean-François Lyotard
Authors: Damasceno Diego
Published: August 2022

Este artigo examina de que modo o conceito de figural, segundo o desenvolvimento dado por Jean-François Lyotard, está presente na teoria contemporânea do cinema. A partir de uma recapitulação sintética da conceituação do figural feita por Lyotard na obra Discours, figure (1973), o artigo descreve como se configura o interesse de Jacques Aumont na possibilidade da imagem pensar; o de Nicole Brenez na autonomia da imagem em relação à realidade; o de Philippe Dubois em fazer uma tipologia de instâncias de sentido da imagem; o de D.N. Rodowick no figural como conceito historiográfico; o de Jacques Rancière na natureza da narrativa cinematográfica; e o de Fernão Pessoa Ramos em uma modalidade particular da encenação documentária. Complementam a exposição teórica exemplos de análises fílmicas que tanto dialogam com os problemas levantados pela teoria do figural quanto derivam, abertamente, das possibilidades para o pensamento da imagem fílmica trazidas pelo conceito.
Estética da Repetição em Itão Kuegü: As Hiper Mulheres (2011)
Authors: Alvernaz Sabrina
Published: August 2022

Este artigo se dedica a Itão Kuegü: as hiper mulheres (2011, 80 min), longa-metragem de Takumã Kuikuro, Carlos Fausto e Leonardo Sette. Reflexões antropológicas sobre aprendizagem, memorização e transmissão dos cantos entre o povo kuikuro, bem como as formas de organização do ritual Yamuricumã, são consideradas para se compreender estratégias ficcionais e poéticas. Em relação às estratégias ficcionais, analisa-se um relato de enganação, lido em paralelo com o próprio filme que engana, por meio da montagem, o espectador que desconhece os cantos-poema. Mais especificamente, sobre o poético no cinema, este trabalho se detém nos cantos-poema kuikuro. O destaque recai sobre os paralelismos e as repetições, assim como sobre os efeitos da (não) tradução dos cantos no filme. À luz dos estudos de Bruna Franchetto a respeito da estética da repetição, este texto demonstra que é possível encontrar, no cinema kuikuro, paralelismos e repetições que não são estritamente marcados ou regulares, uma vez que há uma espécie de correspondência paralelística (ou variação na invariância) nas escolhas cinematográficas.
Do Espaço Intimista à Criação do Real: Uma entrevista com Rui Simões
Authors: Rato Raquel
Published: August 2022

Rui Simões tem uma das mais longas carreiras no cinema documental português. Como ponto de partida para esta entrevista foram escolhidos alguns dos seus filmes documentais, designadamente Ilha da Cova da Moura (2010), Kolá San Jon é Festa di Kau Berdi (2011) e Alto Bairro (2014), com o propósito de revelar a visão antropológica do realizador, assente na busca permanente pela autenticidade e a construção do ‘real’, criando filmes que nos permitem um olhar novo, quer se trate de um individuo, uma comunidade, um lugar, um tempo ou um acontecimento. O cineasta documental tenta relacionar-se e gerar empatia com a realidade do outro, assente no pressuposto de que todo ser humano é dotado de sensibilidades, crenças, tradições culturais, e contextos educacionais e sociopolíticos. Neste sentido, a entrevista questiona até que ponto Rui Simões consegue despojar-se do seu eu enquanto criador do cinema documental.
Sedimentos visuales y cuestiones de representación de y por los arhuacos: la dialéctica de las imágenes a partir de la misión capuchina en Nabusímake (Colombia, 1915-1982)
Authors: Gómez Sebastián
Published: August 2022

La presencia de la misión capuchina en Nabusímake (Colombia, 1915-1982) significó un proceso de etnocidio espiritual documentado por imágenes-archivo, que constituyen la memoria del pueblo arhuaco como parte de sus sedimentos visuales. En este artículo se argumenta que los procesos de autonomía territorial y expulsión de los capuchinos vinieron acompañados de unas formas en que los líderes arhuacos empezaron a tener un mayor reconocimiento debido a la apropiación de las imágenes producidas sobre su pueblo. Se muestra la transición que viene de unos monopolios de la representación a unos procesos incipientes de soberanía visual, en la cual los arhuacos empezaron a representarse a sí mismos con la colaboración de aliados como antropólogos y documentalistas. La circulación de estas imágenes ha implicado una reinterpretación emocional del pasado desde distintas voces.
‘A prática, porém, encarregar-se-ia de desbloquear a situação’: Cinema e antropologia a partir da obra visual de Ruy Duarte de Carvalho
Authors: Lopes Sofia
Published: August 2022

Reconhecido maioritariamente pelo seu talento literário, Ruy Duarte de Carvalho produziu, nas décadas de 70 e 80, uma vasta e fecunda obra cinematográfica cuja originalidade e complexidade permanecem largamente por investigar. A partir da revisitação da sua filmografia, em particular da série documental Presente Angolano, Tempo Mumuíla (1979) e da ficção Nelisita (1982), bem como através da análise das reflexões encetadas pelo autor no ensaio O Camarada e a Câmara (1984), o presente artigo procura contribuir para a discussão teórica em torno das possibilidades de um encontro entre cinema e antropologia para além do filme etnográfico.
Espelhos Pós-coloniais e Cinema Indígena Brasileiro Vistos por Marcos Aurélio Felipe
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2022

Recensão crítica sobre o livro Ensaios sobre cinema indígena no Brasil e outros espelhos pós-coloniais, de autoria do professor e pesquisador brasileiro Marcos Aurélio Felipe.
Editorial V9n2
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: August 2022

Editorial do número 2 do volume 9 da Aniki: Revista Portuguesa da Imagem em Movimento.
Quantifying the neuropsychiatric symptoms in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) using the NIH Toolbox
®
and PROMIS
Authors: Ryan Meghann , Liang Huajun , Wilson Eleanor , Levine Andrea , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Ernst Thomas , Chang Linda
Published: August 2022

Objective

To quantify neuropsychiatric symptoms reported by individuals with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) using the NIH Toolbox for Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function (NIHTB) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).

Methods

30 PASC (20 women, 21–63 years) and 27 control (16 women, 25–68 years) participants completed three NIHTB batteries and selected PROMIS tests. Group differences on fully corrected T-scores were evaluated using analysis of covariance and Cohen’s d effect sizes. A linear regression model predicted the effects from time since diagnosis.

Results

PASC had poorer emotional health and motor function than controls, including poorer locomotion, endurance and dexterity, but normal cognitive function, ∼7 months post-infection. PASC participants had a steeper age-related decline on the 2-Minute Walk Endurance Test than controls. T-scores on four cognitive and three motor tests improved with longer time since diagnosis.

Conclusion

NIHTB and PROMIS captured the poorer emotional health and motor function in PASC, including the novel findings of deficits in locomotion and dexterity. The normal cognitive performance suggests subclinical effects that may be compensated by neural and cognitive reserves, and manifested subjectively by the negative psychological effects and fatigue. The persistent emotional and psychiatric symptoms necessitate mental health treatment be prioritized.
New Energy Power Planning of Photovoltaic Power System for a Smart City Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Wang Shuaijie , Zhang Dong , Ju Zhenhe
Published: August 2022

As a basic link, planning plays an important role in the orderly development of new energy. The traditional new energy power planning has poor accuracy and low service efficiency. In order to solve the above problems, new energy power planning research of a regional photovoltaic power system based on genetic algorithm is proposed. We use the network to connect a number of small power stations together and centrally allocate and improve the breadth and depth of energy utilization. Through the four areas of power data mining, power data processing, power data acquisition and transmission, and power data acquisition gateway, we build a large area photovoltaic power system new energy power planning structure, setting acquisition function, storage function, and display function. Based on the equivalent circuit of power network, combined with the coupling phenomenon elimination function adjustment mechanism, the load parameters of new energy power planning output line are extracted, and the load diagnosis model of new energy power planning output line of large-scale photovoltaic power system is constructed by genetic algorithm. The experimental results show that the planning method has high planning efficiency, good planning accuracy, and stability.
Tecknets historicitet: En möbeldetalj och dess meningsskapande variation
Authors: Qvarnström Ludwig
Published: August 2022

Syftet med kapitel är dels att visa på potentialen i att studera även små, till synes triviala, detaljer i vardagliga objekt, dels att visa på betydelsen av det historiska sammanhanget för den semiotiska analysen. Detta har genomförts utifrån en analys av en för traditionell möbelproduktion vanligt förkommande teknik, nämligen sinkning, i tre olika historiska kontexter med såväl pre- som postindustriella exempel. Utifrån en analys av både avsiktliga och oavsiktliga spår, index, härrörande från tillverkningsprocessen, visas hur dessa visuella uttryck i olika historiska situationer dels leder till olika konnotationer, dels antar ikoniska och symboliska teckenfunktioner. I analysen framträder hur sinkningarna i de olika historiska situationerna relaterar till såväl rationalitet och modernitet som tradition och handarbete. Skillnaderna i betydelsebildningen förklaras med att industrialismens maskinproducerade sinkningar etablerar ett nytt betydelsesystem där handgjort ställs mot maskingjort och därmed placerar den handgjorda förindustriella sinkningen i en priviligierad position. En position där handgjorda sinkningar slutligen kommer att symbolisera hög kvalitet och exklusivitet. Detta leder till en analys som inte bara visar på betydelsen av den historiska situationen i tolkningen utan även påvisar förskjutningar i hur vi i det västerländska samhället över tid värderat handarbete.
Tão longe, tão perto: ausência e presença no gesto fotográfico em tempos de distanciamento social
Authors: Souza e Silva Wagner , Gonçalves Jeferson Moreira
Published: August 2022

É comum afirmar-se que uma imagem é a presença de uma ausência. Isso exige a mobilização da percepção de uma distância, seja ela temporal ou espacial. Com as restrições impostas pela pandemia da Covid-19 e a intensificação da comunicação por telas, parece haver a necessidade de se renegociar os pesos dessas distâncias para a experiência da imagem técnica. Busca-se examinar tal questão a partir de dois projetos fotográficos produzidos no ecossistema midiático deste contexto pandêmico.
ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВО НАУЧНЫХ КАДРОВ В ЭПОХУ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ: РОЛЬ ВЫСШЕЙ ШКОЛЫ
Authors: Боровая Лариса Владимировна
Published: August 2022

Целью исследования является разработка комплекса мер по повышению эффективности воспроизводства научных кадров посредством работы с профессорско-преподавательским составом в части повышения его квалификации, вовлеченности, качества научного руководства.

Методологическую базу исследования представляют общенаучный метод анализа, синтеза, сравнения, обобщения, теоретический анализ научной литературы и статистических данных по соответствующей тематике.

Результаты исследования. В результате исследования установлено, что на фоне повышающихся требований к качеству подготовки кадров, в том числе научных, недостаточное внимание уделяется повышению уровня навыков и квалификации педагогических коллективов высшей школы. Отсутствует системная методическая подготовка по навыкам научного руководства. В серьезную научную работу, а также в индустриальные проекты вовлечен лишь небольшой процент профессорско-преподавательского состава, тогда как количественные требования по подготовке аспирантов с каждым годом повышаются. По результатам проведенного анализа установлено, что классическая система воспроизводства научных кадров, включающая аспирантуру и присвоение ученой степени, в современных реалиях перестала приводить к требуемому результату — пополнению кадрового состава научной сферы. Анализ путей становления науки в ХХ столетии показал, что за каждым выдающимся ученым стоял не менее выдающийся наставник, что подтверждает огромное влияние научного руководства на последующую карьеру молодых ученых. По результатам исследования предложен комплекс мер воздействия на уровень навыков, квалификации и мастерства профессорско-преподавательского состава для повышения вовлеченности в научную деятельность, адаптации к повышающимся требованиям к подготовке кадров, что самым прямым путем скажется на результатах указанной подготовки.

Перспективы исследования заключаются в необходимости формирования единой стратегии воспроизводства научных кадров для государства в современных условиях с учетом экономико-инвестиционных, а также внешнеполитических и социальных факторов.
ТРЕНДЫ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ КАК УГРОЗЫ ДУХОВНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ЛИЧНОСТИ И ОБЩЕСТВА
Authors: Тихоновскова Мария Петровна
Published: August 2022

Цель исследования заключается в анализе основных тенденций современного социокультурного развития, которые несут риски духовной безопасности личности и общества.

Методологической основой исследования выступают концепции массовой культуры, теории общества потребления и духовного отчуждения человека.

Результаты исследования. Симбиоз массовой культуры, фетишизировавшей идеологию потребления, и интенсификация процесса цифровизации общества актуализируют деструктивные тенденции, несущие угрозы духовной безопасности личности и общества, проявляющиеся в замещении подлинных познавательных, эстетических и этических потребностей потребностями сугубо материальными. Усиливающиеся тенденции духовного отчуждения делают практически невозможным освоение личностью духовного измерения бытия, воспроизводства и реализации традиционных гуманистических духовных ценностей в социальной жизни.

Перспективы исследования. Работа открывает перспективы для дальнейшего исследования угроз духовной безопасности личности и общества.
ПРОБЛЕМА ДЕМОКРАТИЧНОСТИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ
Authors: Некрасова Ирина Николаевна , Крольман Марианна Львовна
Published: August 2022

Целью исследования является анализ соответствия российской избирательной системы критериям демократичности и политической эффективности электорального процесса.

Методологическую базу исследования представляют современные концепции демократии: полиархическая концепция и концепция партипациторной демократии. К используемым научным методам относятся сравнительный анализ, нормативный метод, оценочный метод.

Результаты исследования. Рассматриваются критерии демократичности и политической эффективности российской избирательной системы. Дан анализ и оценка критики российской избирательной системы с точки зрения установленных критериев демократичности и политической эффективности. Установлено принципиальное соответствие российского избирательного законодательства основным критериям демократичности выборов. В то же время намечены направления повышения ее демократичности, в особенности в контексте достижения большего соответствия между электоральным законодательством и практикой выборов. Отмечается, что повышение политической эффективности отечественной избирательной системы требует не только дальнейшего совершенствования электорального законодательства, но и систематической работы над повышением электоральной культуры российского общества в целом, а также политической культуры основных участников электорального процесса: избирателей, избираемых и организаторов выборов. Особое внимание в контексте повышения демократичности отечественной избирательной системы и практики проведения выборов необходимо обратить на предотвращение электоральных нарушений и некорректных попыток участников электорального процесса управлять избирательным процессом и результатами выборов.

Перспективы исследования заключаются в определении общих направлений и конкретных мер, направленных на дальнейшую демократизацию российского электорального процесса и повышение его политической эффективности.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ НА ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ УСТАНОВКИ СЕМЕЙ: РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Мехришвили Ламара Ленгизовна , Ткачева Нина Алексеевна , Юдашкин Андрей Валентинович
Published: August 2022

Целью исследования является выявление связей между социокультурными условиями функционирования семьи и её демографическими установками.

Методологическую базу исследования представляет социокультурный подход к анализу проблем, демографических потребностей и возможностей семей, позволяющий, с одной стороны, учесть факторы сложившегося разнообразия условий жизнедеятельности семей региона, с другой — определить отношение семей к данным социокультурным условиям на территории их проживания и как следствие — выявить их демографические установки.

Результаты исследования. Стремительные, событийно насыщенные изменения условий жизнедеятельности современных реалий отражаются прежде всего на семье: пересмотре ею традиционных ценностей, трансформации моделей поведения, изменении демографических установок. Стимулирование рождаемости семей, мотивация решения демографических проблем населения традиционными финансово-правовыми формами государственной поддержки не позволяет в полной мере преодолеть негативные тенденции. Исследование социокультурных факторов, знание социокультурных условий жизнедеятельности семьи, понимание их влияния на репродуктивное поведение семей позволит выявить приоритетность демографических установок семей, оценить перспективность тех или иных государственных решений, осмыслить необходимость их адаптации к конкретному региону, увидеть характер отношения к ним населения. Социокультурный подход позволяет отталкиваться от понимания семьи как социального актора.

В научной статье изложены некоторые результаты социологического исследования (включающего анкетный опрос представителей семей, этнографическое исследование семей, качественный эксперт-опрос), полученные в рамках реализации комплексного проекта «Формирование социального портрета семей Тюменской области», демонстрирующие взаимосвязи между социокультурными условиями функционирования семьи и её демографическими установками, что позволило сформулировать выводы и предложить рекомендации, направленные на институциализацию репродуктивного поведения семьи, стимулирующего её к достижению индивидуальных и общественных интересов.

Перспективы исследования заключаются в формировании и развитии социокультурных условий в регионе, способствующих реализации репродуктивного поведения семей.
РИСКИ ДЕВИАНТНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ
Authors: Семенова Виктория Георгиевна , Иванова2 Алла Ефимовна
Published: August 2022

Целью исследования является оценка потерь российской молодежи, определяемых поведенческими факторами риска, в первую очередь девиантным поведением.

Методология. Анализ основан на данных Росстата о смертности населения 15–24 лет в нозологическом аспекте. Индикатором потерь, связанных с девиантным поведением, является смертность, обусловленная насилием, направленным как вовне, так и на себя (убийства и самоубийства), а также последствиями алкоголизма и наркомании. Кроме того, поскольку речь идет о молодежи, нельзя исключить риски, обусловленные небезопасным сексуальным поведением, в первую очередь за счет смертности от ВИЧ.

Результаты. В последнее десятилетие отмечены позитивные сдвиги потерь, обусловленных девиантным поведением, темпы которых превышают темпы сокращения общей смертности российской молодежи. В контексте девиантного поведения на фоне суицида как основной константы потерь на смену алкоголя пришли наркотики, при этом все более существенным фактором становится рискованное сексуальное поведение (случайные связи, незащищенный секс).

Перспективы исследования заключаются в изучении региональной вариации летальных исходов девиантного поведения и определяющих его факторов.
ДИЗАЙН ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ РОДИТЕЛЬСКИХ ОТПУСКОВ В РОССИИ: УРОВНИ И ЭМПИРИЧЕСКИЕ ИНДИКАТОРЫ
Authors: Багирова Анна Петровна , Бледнова Наталья Дмитриевна , Нешатаев Александр Васильевич
Published: August 2022

В настоящее время родительские отпуска выступают важнейшим инструментом семейной политики многих стран мира. По мнению исследователей, родительские отпуска могут способствовать развитию гендерного равенства, обеспечению стабильного уровня занятости работников с детьми и даже повышению рождаемости в стране. Несмотря на важность проблематики родительских отпусков, в отечественной научной литературе она остается практически неизученной. В статье разрабатывается дизайн комплексного исследования отечественной системы родительских отпусков и возможностей её трансформации.

Цель исследования заключается в разработке методических основ организации социологического изучения возможностей трансформации отечественной системы родительских отпусков.

Методология основывается на исследовании системы родительских отпусков как инструмента семейной, социальной и демографической политики.

Результаты исследования. Авторы предлагают изучение системы отпусков на двух уровнях: на уровне государственного регулирования и семейной организации. Государственное регулирование отпусков предложено изучать посредством нормативно-правового анализа, а семейную организацию — посредством опроса родителей, находящихся в отпуске по уходу за ребенком Для каждого уровня разработана система эмпирических индикаторов.

Перспективы исследования. Планируется проведение эмпирических исследований по предложенной методике. Это позволит расширить спектр детерминант рождаемости, подробнее определить барьеры, возникающие при совмещении работы и родительства и оценить удовлетворенность родителей существующей системой отпусков.
НАУЧНЫЙ СОВЕТ «ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ И МИГРАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РОССИИ» ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫХ НАУК РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК: ВКЛАД АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЙ НАУКИ В РАЗВИТИЕ ДЕМОГРАФИИ
Authors: Рязанцев Сергей Васильевич , Ростовская Тамара Керимовна
Published: August 2022

Целью исследования является обобщение деятельности Научного совета «Демографические и миграционные проблемы России» Отделения общественных наук Российской академии наук за 2020–2021 годы в части оценки вклада академической науки в развитие демографии.

Методологическую базу исследования составляют общелогические методы (анализ, синтез), теоретические методы (обобщение, системный анализ), эмпирические методы (наблюдение, описание).

Результаты исследования включают конкретизацию основных достижений Научного совета «Демографические и миграционные проблемы России» Отделения общественных наук Российской академии наук за 2020–2021 годы.

Перспективы исследования заключаются в использовании полученных материалов для повышения эффективности реализации национальных целей и задач, обозначенных в национальном проекте «Демография», совершенствования системы подготовки высококвалифицированных специалистов-демографов, развития мер корпоративной демографической политики.
Otonomi Perguruan Tinggi Hubunganya dengan Otonomi Daerah
Authors: Sudirwo Daeng
Published: August 2022

Otonomi Perguruan Tinggi Hubunganya dengan Otonomi Daerah
Konsep Pemimpin dan Kepemimpinan
Authors: Sudriamunawar Haryono
Published: August 2022

Konsep Pemimpin dan Kepemimpinan
An Asymptotic Method for Predicting Risks in Problems of Stochastic Monitoring and Control
Authors: Dubovik S. A. , Kabanov A. A.
Published: August 2022

To ensure the stabilization of the equilibrium state in a nonlinear system in the presence of noise, it is not enough to solve the local stabilization problem, it is also necessary to ensure continuous monitoring of a possible transition to a critical state leading to system failure. To organize such monitoring, we use the large deviations principle applied to dynamical systems with small perturbations. For the purposes of monitoring, the optimal path that we call the A-profile is important. We use the A-profile to build a situational forecast in the risk control problem for a multi-agent system. In addition to the nonlinear mechanism of internal stabilization of the level h for each of the agents, there are forces of mean field interaction between the agents. The weak limit in this model with the number of agents tending to infinity is described by the FokerPlanck-Kolmogorov equation, but the use of approximation up to O(h2) leads to a finite-dimensional Wentzel-Freidlin scheme. According to the scheme, we obtain an explicit A-profile as a solution of the degenerate Abel equation of the second kind. At the same time, the approximation in h makes it possible to develop a method of successive approximations for the A-profile. In this paper, the A-profile is synthesized as a solution of the optimal control problem, where the state-dependent Riccati equation method and the method of the approximating sequence of Riccati equations are used. In the article, these methods are applied and compared within the framework of the risk control problem.
Burn out among health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care centre Kerala: a cross sectional study
Authors: Abraham Ruth , Rajan Maneesha Planthottathukunnel , Puliyakkadi Safa
Published: August 2022

Background: Burnout as an occupational disease is of global concern. From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) were under heavy workload conditions. The study was done to assess prevalence of burnout among HCWs of a tertiary care hospital in Central Kerala.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs of a tertiary hospital using a simple random sampling method. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire through Google forms. Burnout was assessed using Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI). Bivariate analysis was done to find the factors affecting burnout among the study participants using SPPS software. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 31.26±6.11 years and the majority were females 79 (70.5%). The prevalence of personal burnout, work related burnout and patient related burnout were 55.4%, 44.6% and 32.1% respectively. Those who were staying with family had higher chance of personal (p=0.004), work related (p=0.032) and patient related (p=0.023) burnout. HCWs who wear working in full personal protective equipment (PPE) kit had significantly higher personal (p=0.003, OR=3.4), work related (p<0.001, OR=5.2) and patient related (p=0.022, OR=3.01) burnout.  HCWs who had done high proportion of COVID-19 related duty had significantly higher personal (p=0.018) and patient related (p=0.022) burnout. Conclusions: Almost half of the HCWs are physically and emotionally exhausted with their work, which needs to be addressed. Psychological interventions should be enhanced to reduce burnout among HCWs and to improve the quality of health care delivered by them during the pandemic.
LA ESCULTURA MÁS ESPERADA.
Authors: Cáceres-Santacruz Nataly Andrea
Published: August 2022

Este documento reflexiona acerca de la creación de la imagen escultórica de Antonio José de Sucre, que, por un lado, debía cumplir la función de ejemplificación social, y por otro, debía ser una imagen de reconocimiento nacional, con incidencia en el ideario patriótico ecuatoriano, por lo cual, se analizaron los proyectos artísticos escultórico públicos sobre el Mariscal Sucre en las ciudades de Quito, Cuenca y Guayaquil respectivamente. Aquí se demuestra el ejercicio del poder político, sobre las manifestaciones artísticas, también permite explicar cómo se dio o no la apropiación del personaje en las ciudades por separado, y plantea a la obra escultórica como un esfuerzo consciente del poder local que da forma a la memoria oficial.
OS CÉSARES:
Authors: Rodrigues Alves Larissa
Published: August 2022

De todos os governantes do Império Romano, o imperador Juliano (361 – 363) foi aquele cujos escritos sobreviveram até os nossos dias em maior abundância. Nossa intenção neste trabalho é examinar uma das suas sátiras, comumente conhecida como Os Césares. Hipotetizamos que ela foi escrita pelo imperador Juliano como uma forma de defesa política, na medida em que ele se promove como o imperador ideal mediante as figuras de Alexandre, o Grande (336 – 323 a.C.) e de Marco Aurélio (161 – 180). Concomitantemente, nosso personagem realiza um ataque político à dinastia constantiniana na tentativa de legitimar o seu governo.
ARQUIVOS E FEMINISMO:
Authors: Da Costa Monteiro Araújo Fernanda , Moreira Silva de Barros Bárbara
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo discute a importância dos documentos de arquivo no processo de construção e disputa de memória. Configurando-se como uma ferramenta estratégica, os documentos arquivísticos são fundamentais na dinâmica entre lembrança e esquecimento. Através do acervo de Maria Lacerda de Moura, uma das principais expoentes do movimento feminista no Brasil, o debate acerca da importância dos documentos de arquivo fica latente no que se refere a divulgação e legitimação das reivindicações do movimento. O artigo pretende discutir a relação entre arquivos e memória através dos documentos de Maria Lacerda de Moura.
CONVENÇÃO GÓTICA E A DESTERRITORIALIZAÇÃO.
Authors: Kempinska Olga Donata Guerizoli
Published: August 2022

O artigo procura estabelecer uma relação entre a convenção gótica, discutida a partir dos anos 80 como uma importante interlocutora dos textos literários que buscam desafiar a tradição em seus aspectos opressores, e a desterritorialização. Tendo surgido no pensamento de Gilles Deleuze, a desterritorialização se opõe, de fato, às tendências unificadoras dos sistemas culturais, propondo uma experiência do dinamismo subjetivo descentralizado, que pode ser encontrado nos textos de Witold Gombrowicz. A ambiguidade estética da fotografia, que abre a reflexão deleuziana sobre a desterritorialização confirma sua eficácia na convenção Southern Gothic, na recente obra poética de Natasha Trethewey, que indaga a representação do fantasma e o impacto da poética do horror. Busca-se finalmente compreender o caráter desterritorializado de Southern Gothic em sua relação ao gótico europeu.