bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İntegral sınır koşullu üçüncü mertebeden sınır değer probleminin çözümlerinin varlığı
Authors: ÇETİN Erbil , FİLİZ Fercan
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada, yarı sonsuz aralık üzerinde tanımlı üçüncü mertebeden üç noktalı integral koşullu, η∈(0,∞)η∈(0,∞) sabit ve\R g:(0,∞)×R3⟶Rg:(0,∞)×R3⟶Rg:(0,∞)×\R3⟶\R Nagumo koşullarını sağlayan bir fonksiyon olmak üzere ϑ′′′(t)+r(t)g(t,ϑ(t),ϑ′(t),ϑ′′(t))=0,  t∈(0,∞),ϑ‴(t)+r(t)g(t,ϑ(t),ϑ′(t),ϑ″(t))=0,  t∈(0,∞),ϑ(0)=∫η0ϑ(s)ds,  ϑ′(0)=A,  ϑ′′(∞)=limt→∞ϑ(t)=Bϑ(0)=∫0ηϑ(s)ds,  ϑ′(0)=A,  ϑ″(∞)=limt→∞ϑ(t)=Bsınır değer probleminin sınırlı veya sınırlı olmayan çözümlerinin varlığı ispatlanmıştır. Schäuder sabit nokta teoremi ve alt ve üst çözümler yöntemi uygulanarak istenilen sonuca ulaşılmıştır. Problemimizde uygun ve yeterli koşullar belirlenerek problemin en az bir çözümünün varlığı gösterilmiştir. Yarı sonsuz aralık üzerinde çalışılması zor olduğundan yarı sonsuz aralık üzerinde integral koşullu bu çalışma bu konuda yapılacak çalışmalar için litaratüre katkı sağlamış olacaktır. Ayrıca, bu sınır değer probleminin çözümleri sınırsız olabilir.
Yakın esnek ayırma aksiyomları ve kuratowski kapanış operatörü üzerine
Authors: YILMAZ Koray , TAŞBOZAN Hatice , GÜZELKOKAR Aydın
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmada ilk bölümde kullanacağımız temel kavramlar verilmiştir. Daha sonra yakın esnek topolojik uzay ve bu yapının bazı özellikleri verildi. Üçüncü bölümde yakın esnek topolojik uzayın ayırma aksiyomları ile ilgili bağlantısı incelenmiş olup yakın esnek topolojik uzayının ayırma aksiyomları verildi. Kuratowski kapanış operatörü ile yakın esnek topoloji olma aksiyomlarının sağlandığını gösterdik.
avance de las plantaciones olivareras súper intensivas en el valle del Guadalquivir: panorama y prospectiva
Authors: Sánchez Martínez José Domingo , Rodríguez Cohard Juan Carlos , Gallego Simón Vicente José , Garrido Almonacid Antonio
Published: June 2022

Andalucía es la mayor productora de aceites de oliva del mundo, una situación derivada tanto de la expansión superficial como de la intensificación productiva, estimuladas por la internacionalización de la economía. Las plantaciones más recientes se caracterizan por su elevada densidad y completa mecanización, en consonancia con los resultados del cambio tecnológico aplicado a la agricultura industrial. En el presente trabajo nos preguntamos qué posibilidades de prosperar tienen estos cambios en áreas donde domina la tradición, como es la provincia de Jaén. Dado que nos encontramos en lo que consideramos primeros síntomas de transformaciones que pueden ser drásticas, en la metodología se ha privilegiado el trabajo de campo. En los resultados se han considerado distintos modelos posibles y su relación fundamental con la disponibilidad de agua. Entre las conclusiones se han destacado diferentes limitaciones y debilidades que este proceso expansivo puede suponer desde una perspectiva territorial.
Selective Additives for Improvement of Gasoline Octane Number
Authors: Hamadi Adel S.
Published: June 2022

High octane blend base gasoline stocks are reformulated from 30% LSRN, 45% Reformate and 25% Powerformate on volume basis. ASTM standard and IROX 2000 analysis are performed to test blend stocks sample. Different additive types are used to improve octane number. These additives are tetraethyl lead, methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl; methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tertiary butyl alcohol, tert-amyl alcohol, active amyl alcohol, iso-pentyl alcohol, isobutyl carbinol, benzol ,telone, xylene, amino benzene, N-N-dimethyl aniline, dimethyl ketone, and ethyl methyl ketone. Comparison is made between significant individual RON gains measured by standard CFR test-engine. The results indicated that the combined iso-propanol, oxinol (50/50 blend of methanol and TBA), aniline, and xylene with hydrocarbons fraction content in the gasoline base pool is better to ensure high RON. The results showed that a mixture of 20/54/10/16 of blend aniline/ iso-propanol/ oxinol/ xylene respectively, led to an increase in RON of gasoline blend pool from 84.5 to 96 RON, or 11.5% RON gain.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Konsumen dalam Keputusan Pembelian Paket Data Telkomsel
Authors: Lestari Titi Dwi
Published: June 2022

This research intends to analyze the impact of product quality, price, promotion, and brand image on user decisions in purchasing Telkomsel data packages. The research method uses associative quantitative methods. The research sample used is non-probability sampling with a total of 102 Telkomsel data package users in the Soloraya area as respondents. Collecting data using a questionnaire method and the primary data required using quantitative analysis methods. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression analysis. The research shows that the calculation of the coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.690 or 69%. The conclusion obtained from the results of hypothesis testing shows that the t value of the product quality variable is 0.415 which indicates that there is no significant effect on purchasing decisions, the t value of the price variable is 0.006 which means it has a significant and positive impact on purchasing decisions, the t value of the variable t count promotion of 0.007 which means that it has a significant and positive effect on purchasing decisions, while the t value of the brand image variable is 0.001 which means it has a positive influence on purchasing decisions of Telkomsel data packages in Soloraya.
Analisis Kinerja Portofolio Reksadana Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi kasus pada reksadana saham yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia 2020)
Authors: Komarudin Munir Nur , Kuntara Taopik Mulyana , Djuniardi Dede
Published: June 2022

Reksa dana saham merupakan reksa dana yang menawarkan tingkat pengembalian tinggi dengan risiko yang lebih tinggi pula dikarenakan dipengaruhi oleh tingkat fluktuasi harga saham pada bursa efek . Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja reksadana saham dengan menggunakan metode Sharpe, Treynor dan Jensen khususnya pada masa pandemi covid-19 dimana kondisi pasar sangat fluktuatif . Penelitian meerupakan penelitian dekspriptif comparatif yang bertujuan untuk menjawab hipotesis perbandingan dari setiap metode pengukuran kinerja portofolio reksadana, membandingkan kinerja portofolio reksa dana saham sebelum dan pada masa pandemi covid-19 dan membandingkan kinerja reksa dana saham dengan kinerja pasar pada masa pandemi covid-19 . Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, Pengukuran kinerja portofolio reksa dana saham dengan metode Sharpe, Treynor dan Jensen menghasilkan hasil yang konsisten, kemudian Kinerja  Reksa dana saham pada masa pandemi lebih baik daripada sebelum pandemi covid-19, dan kinerja reksa dana saham berada diatas kinerja pasar pada masa pandemi covid-19 2020.
Pengaruh Persepsi Harga, Kepercayaan dan Promosi Terhadap Minat Beli pada Situs E – Commerce Blibli (Survei Pada Pengguna Situs E-Commerce Blibli di Kabupaten Kuningan)
Authors: Gunawan Wely Hadi , Hardiansyah Indra , Fatmasari Dewi
Published: June 2022

This research was conducted on BliBli E-commerce Site Users in Kuningan Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the perception of price, trust and promotion of buying interest (Survey of BliBli E-commerce Site Users in Kuningan Regency). The population in this study were 100 respondents, the sampling technique used was purposive sampling, the data collection method used a questionnaire, the data analysis technique used in this study was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the test state that : Price perception has a positive and significant effect on buying interest, trust has a positive effect on buying interest, promotion has a positive effect on buying interest.
DEPENDENCE FOR SYNTHETIC DIAMOND LARGE CRYSTALS TYPE Ib OF OCTAHEDRAL HABITUS ON THEIR SIZE AFTER CHEMICAL-THERMAL PROCESSING OF STATIC STRENGTH
Authors:   V. M. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials, Tsysar Maksym , Zakora Anatolii ,   V. M. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials, Babak Anton ,   National Technical University of Ukraine, Ivakhnenko Serhiy ,   V. M. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials, Zanevskii Oleg ,   V. M. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials, Ilnitska Halyna ,   V. M. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials, Zakora Ievgeniia ,   V. M. Bakul Institute for Superhard Materials
Published: June 2022

The use of large single crystals of diamond, grown by HP-HT with the latest technologies in drilling tools, can improve the productivity of the drilling process, increase the penetration rate, reduce wear of the main matrix, and provide a safe working environment when drilling solid rocks.For an informed choice or design of the working part of the drilling equipment, an analysis of the functional purpose is important.The main role here is played by the factor of complexity of geodetic conditions: the angle of drilling, fracture toughness and class of rocks, their changes with the depth of drilling.Analysis of studies and publications on functional analysis showed that diamonds should not only have high hardness and static strength, they should have a high value of thermal strength and chemical resistance, which will allow them to be used with sufficient efficiency when developing wells in difficult geological conditions. However, the main indicator of the suitability of such single crystals is still strength. It has been experimentally proven that the main type of diamond wear during drilling is partial or complete chipping of the protruding part of the crystals. Thus,the bits are equipped with harder diamonds, they will allow to process harder rocks without chips, reduce wear of the matrix itself, provide higher drilling speeds alongwith a decrease in energy consumption and consumption of consumables, for example, drilling mud.The purpose of the article is to analyze the effect of chemical-thermal exposure, as an integral part of the technological process of manufacturing drill bits, on the tensile strength of synthetic diamonds of octahedral habit type Ib obtained by HP-HT technology.Based on the data obtained experimentally, the work shows the suitability of synthetic diamonds as part of a functional cutting tool for drilling and geological exploration. The optimal size of crystals was determined, at which a sufficient level of strength is provided. The falling dependence of the strength on the edge length of the investigated diamond single crystals is graphically demonstrated.For the first time, the paper presents a study of the effect of chemical-thermal treatment as part of the technological process of manufacturing a drilling tool on the strength of non-magnetic single crystals of synthetic diamond type Ib. The presented materials can be used for a reasonable choice or design of drill bits impregnated with largesingle crystals for drilling and geological exploration.
HUNGARY AND THE LUXEMBOURG COURT: THE CJEU’S ROLE IN THE RULE OF LAW BATTLEFIELD
Authors: Komanovics Adrienne
Published: June 2022

After the introduction of the then Article F.1 TEU by the Amsterdam Treaty, later supplemented by the Nice Treaty, Hungary has earned the dubious reputation to be the first Member State against which an Article 7 TEU procedure has been triggered. While the predominantly political process is apparently stalled for the time being, the Court had to deal with various aspects of the deteriorating rule of law situation. Although forming part of an undeniably fragmented approach, the Court’s judgments nevertheless clearly attest the retrogressive developments in Hungary since 2010. The analysis of the Court’s jurisprudence is based on the qualitative measurement of the rule of law indicators drawn up by the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe. The identification of the cases pertinent to our investigation presents a challenge by itself as there is no label attached to a case dossier titled “rule of law”. In addition, several relevant cases deal with issues which prima facie do not have a bearing on this topic. Thus, e.g. the case relating to the radical lowering of the retirement age for Hungarian judges apparently revolves around age discrimination in the workplace while in fact these measures were politically motivated and had an adverse effect on judicial independence. The subject-matter of the cases identified so far range from the independence of the judiciary and regulatory bodies to the functioning of NGOs and higher education institutions; from the criminalisation of assistance for asylum seekers to the judicial challenge of the conditionality regulation. Most cases are infringement proceedings initiated by the European Commission but the Court was also turned upon through preliminary reference or actions for annulment. By analysing the submissions of the parties, the opinions of the Advocate General as well as the Court’s assessment thereof, the paper aims to evaluate the role of the Court: its potential and the limitations. While not denying the Court’s contribution to the provision of consistent responses against the systemic threats against EU values, there are various institutional and procedural constraints hampering the Court’s ability to secure compliance in the subject area.
THE RISE OF CLIMATE CHANGE LITIGATION: IS THERE A (REAL) LEGAL RISK FOR EU BANKING SECTOR?
Authors: Vargek Stilinović Ana
Published: June 2022

Banks had a crucial role in both major crises that hit the globe in the last fifteen years. While they were held responsible for onset of the global financial crisis in 2007, banks, oppositely, greatly contributed in mitigating the negative effects of recent health crisis caused by COVID- 19. The latter calamity showed us that certain natural events can represent significant threat not only to human lives and health but also to financial markets. Apart from pandemic, there is another nature related threat on the financial market horizon – the climate change. Recent actions on EU and international level show that role of the banks in tackling climate change crisis would not be negligible. For decades there were multiple attempts to encourage governments to take bolder measures to combat climate change by signing various international agreements. Nonetheless, only the Paris Agreement, that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emission to achieve a climate neutral world by 2050, proved to be a real game changer. Ever since the Agreement entered into force in 2015, there is a continuous and significant rise in climate change litigations. Such litigations are initiated primarily against governments for not reaching the Paris Agreements goals, but also against private sector – notably the emitters of CO2. However, not only are CO2 emitters held personally responsible for environmental damage in legal proceedings conducted, but also other parties that could influence CO2 emissions. Banks can indirectly influence CO2 emission, for example by providing credit lines to carbonintensive sectors. However, this indirect influence of banks to climate change is still not specifically recognized and regulated. Analysis of the climate change litigation landmark cases shows that national jurisdictions do not contain the legal basis for climate change responsibility stricto sensu. This legislative shortcoming is, however, overcome by interpreting legal principles and human rights obligations that arise from various international documents. Against this backdrop, it is necessary to ascertain is there a real climate change litigation risk for EU banks? Could banks, as private entities, be held responsible for contribution to climate change by invoking human rights? If the answer is affirmative, what can banks do in order to mitigate this risk? And finally, according to existing legal framework, are Croatian banks exposed to climate change litigation risk?
TWO-WITNESS RULE DURING HOME SEARCH IN THE LIGHT OF THE COVID PANDEMIC
Authors: Pejaković-Đipić Silvija , Karas Željko
Published: June 2022

Authors are analysing the extent of acceptance of rule on mandatory presence of two witnesses during a home search in national criminal proceedings in EU Member States. While some police powers in Croatia are regulated using modern forms of protection of suspects’ rights, some other investigative actions are regulated using rules that are uncommon in EU. Home search has a historic model of obligatory presence of two witnesses. These witnesses are often randomly selected among citizens, they are not legal professionals. A suspect has no right to reject witnesses if he considers that they could violate his privacy or health rights. Besides that, the Two-witness Rule has a peculiar impact on the evidence law. Items found during home search cannot be legally used if only one witness was present. According to such consequence, this rule actually requires a certain number of witnesses to prove a fact. Such requirements on number of witnesses have been abandoned in modern evidence law. The results of the analysis of the EU Member States show that the rule on the mandatory presence of two witnesses is widespread only in some post-communist systems. When it comes to EU criminal procedure codes (CPCs), the mandatory presence of witnesses exists in Croatian, Slovenian and Bulgarian CPC. The study is showing influence of former Russian CPC in post-Soviet era as well as the influence of former Yugoslav CPC. Regarded as the relic of the past, these procedural guarantees of home inviolability in the cases of home search should be reassessed and improved. In the context of COVID crisis, mandatory presence of witnesses presents challenge for the protection of suspect’s and witnesses’ health. Observed from the suspect’s right to protect his health or the witnesses’ right not to expose themselves to potentially health endangered situations, finding witnesses presents even more complexed mission. If the suspect is in COVID quarantine and the search must be conducted, can witnesses be forced to enter such premises? In case that suspect requires fully vaccinated witnesses who can present valid COVID Certificate or negative PCR test, how could his requirement be fulfilled? The possible solution for both evidence law and health reasons could be the use of modern technologies such as video recording that could replace mandatory witnesses presence. Finally, it would be more appropriate to respect the suspect’s choice on protection of his rights or to use modern technical means or defence lawyer, as in other investigative actions in criminal procedure.
MIGRANTS AND SAFETY IN SERBIA DURING AND AFTER CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
Authors: Turanjanin Veljko
Published: June 2022

The removal of internal borders and the establishment of freedom of movement are important aspects of the EU’s history, but they are not accompanied by a uniform legal system. The migrant dilemma isn’t going away, and the pattern and character of these movements have evolved dramatically over the previous six decades. The author of this article addresses the issue of migrants’ position in Serbia’s rural areas during the coronavirus pandemic. During the period of emergency, Serbia enacted policies that imprisoned migrants in detention centres, effectively depriving them of their liberty. According to the government’s reasoning, it was done to protect migrants’ health. Given the rising violence between migrants and the local people, the question is whether the state intended to safeguard migrants’ health or citizens from migrants in this manner. The author conducted a survey in these areas, explains the findings in depth, and draws a conclusion based on his findings. The paper is comprised of several units. In the first place, the author briefly explains the state of emergency in Serbia and gives an overview of migration centers in Serbia. The central part of this paper deals with the research between citizens in relation to migrants, both in their general attitude and in terms of the relationship between migrants and crime. Residents of migrants’ areas were surveyed, as the author believed thought that due to the location of migration centres, they would be most affected by waves of migrants and possibly, crimes committed by migrants. The author set two initial hypotheses and both were confirmed, and according to the research, the population has a negative attitude towards migrants. At the same time, most respondents show distrust of the state’s claim that migrants are imprisoned for their health. The author believes that this move by the state at that time was a hasty reaction in order to prevent the uncontrolled movement of migrants and the potential spread of the infectious coronavirus disease. In the same time, the author tries to answer to the question about the migrants’ position today and in the near future.
CHALLENGES OF PROTECTING CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Guštin Matko
Published: June 2022

The imperative of every state is to protect the children’s rights as the most vulnerable social group. The protection of children’s rights has been particularly intensified with the adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), which promotes four basic principles – non-discrimination, the right to life, participation in decision-making and active participation in resolving issues that affect their lives, as well as the best interests of the child. The consequences of the (still actual) COVID-19 pandemic are visible in many areas, including the protection of children’s rights. Namely, children had to get used to the “new normal” in an extremely short period of time, which in certain segments had an adverse effect on their development and social integration. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are also visible in the digital environment, which brings with it a number of positive and negative aspects in relation to children and their rights. Although the virtual environment has made it possible to fulfil one of the universal rights of children – the right to education, it has intensified a special form of violence – virtual, cyber violence that threatens the safety of children in the “new normal”. It is important to emphasize that the Council of Europe has adopted Recommendation CM/Rec (2018)7 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on Guidelines for Respect, Protection and Exercise of the Rights of the Child in the Digital Environment. Given that the digital environment shapes children’s lives in different ways, creating opportunities, but also certain risks to protect their well-being, this document recommends that member states review their legislation, policies and practices to promote the full range of children’s rights in the digital environment and providing effective responses to all the impacts of the digital environment on the well-being of children and the enjoyment of their human rights. European Union policies in the field of protection of children’s rights are also very important. Through its policies, the European Union seeks to enable every child to realize his or her full rights. The European Union’s Strategy on the rights of the child sets children apart from the leaders of tomorrow and the citizens of today. For the issues of this paper, a particularly important part of the Strategy are the guidelines for creating policies aimed at protecting the rights of children in the digital society. In addition to the above, there are a number of other documents of the Council of Europe and the European Union for the protection and promotion of children’s rights, which are analyzed in the context of digitalization. Special emphasis is placed on contemporary issues of development and protection of children’s rights to privacy in the digital environment, the right to access the Internet and digital literacy, but also cyber violence as a form of endangering the child’s safety, and the discussion on which issues was further stimulated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
„SMART CITY” CONCEPT AS A POSSIBLE ANSWER TO NEW CHALLENGES IN POST-COVID ERA
Authors: Klarić Mirko
Published: June 2022

The “Smart City” concept and “smart digitalization” represent implementation of information and communication technologies in local government units. This is a new approach to local governance in managing various local government services and delivery of goods. Local government represents a form of political and administrative territorial organization, with specific local tasks and services regarding the local community. It has a separate jurisdiction and specific autonomy and functions mostly independently of the central government administration. Different administrative and political systems have different models of local government organization. The position of local government units depends on the degree of centralization present in the political system. Local government organization and public authorities are focused on delivery of goods and maintaining various public services for the local community, and their services usually have a local character. Their radius of influence is territorially limited in local units and social communities connected with these units. Services and tasks provided from local government units are specific because they usually influence daily life and quality of living in the local community. The concept of “Smart City” and implementation of “smart digitalization” in managing local public tasks and delivery of local services and goods can improve local governance and help in establishing an efficient model of local government administration. In this paper a comparative and deductive approach is used to explain main elements of the “Smart City” concept and their application to local government tasks and obligations. Second, it uses a synthetic approach to explore how implementation of “smart digitalization” and the “Smart City” concept can be used as an efficient tool for social, economic, and political challenges in the post-Covid era.
POST-COVID-19 RECOVERY AND RESILIENCEBUILDING IN THE OUTERMOST REGIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: TOWARDS A NEW EUROPEAN STRATEGY
Authors: Mazur-Kumrić Nives
Published: June 2022

The socio-economic environment of the outermost regions of the European Union was severely affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Due to their geographical and historical specificities, the outermost regions were significantly lagging behind the rest of the European Union in terms of economic indicators even in the pre-pandemic period. Expectedly, COVID-19-induced shocks additionally potentiated their development gap. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the multiple impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Réunion, Martinique, Mayotte, and Saint Martin (France), the Azores and Madeira (Portugal), and the Canary Islands (Spain), and the related legislative responses of the European Union aiming at eliminating adverse effects of the crisis and building more resilient societies. The factual assessment is carried out primarily through the prism of the European Commission’s 2021 Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Outermost Regions, which underlines the health, economic and social repercussions of the crisis as well as a recommended set of recovery and resilience-building measures in the outermost regions. The legal analysis focuses on the ongoing codification of the rules and measures regulating the governance of the outermost regions as integral parts of the European Union. Pursuant to Article 349 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), the European Union shall adopt specific measures for laying down the conditions for the development of the outermost regions, such as those in the area of fiscal policy, European Structural and Investment Funds, State-aid, agriculture and fisheries policies, and others. In that regard, the paper looks into the recently adopted regulations facilitating the use of EU funds and particular benefits (e.g. tax exemptions) in the outermost regions. Special emphasis is put on the currently tabled initiatives for an updated regulatory framework enabling the outermost regions to improve and strengthen their overall socio-economic position. That mainly refers to the forthcoming European strategy for the outermost regions, to be adopted in 2022. The respective strategy shall lay the foundations for a new strategic approach of the European Union to shaping a sustainable and resilient future for the outermost regions apt to face the challenges of the 21st century, notably those related to green, digital, and demographic transition.
Coinfecção Tuberculose/HIV: perfil clínico e epidemiológico no município de Porto Velho e Rondônia no período de 2010 a 2020
Authors: Pereira Daniela da Silva , Gomes Géssica Vieira , Rodrigues Mariana Delfino
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico da coinfecção Tuberculose/HIV (TB/HIV) no município de Porto Velho. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo do tipo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, baseado em dados secundários coletados a partir do Sistema Nacional de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), no município de Porto Velho, no período de 2010 a 2020. Resultados: Foram notificados 5.932 casos de tuberculose no período, dos quais, 692 (12%) apresentavam coinfecção pelo vírus HIV. O perfil dos indivíduos coinfectados segue o seguinte padrão: gênero masculino 497 (71,8%), ensino fundamental incompleto 191 (27,6%), idade entre 20 a 39 anos 396 (57,2%), raça parda 533 (77,0%), forma pulmonar 422 (61%) e Tratamento Diretamente Observado (TDO) não realizado 454 (65,6%). Além disso, 449 (64,9%) das notificações não contavam com informações acerca da realização da Terapia Antirretroviral (TARV). A cura foi o principal desfecho clínico 317 (45,8%). Conclusão: Nesse estudo a taxa de coinfecção TB/HIV encontrada foi de 12%, número este que pode ainda ser maior visto que 21,7% dos pacientes notificados não realizaram o teste sorológico para HIV. Há predominância de casos de no sexo masculino, com ensino fundamental incompleto, raça parda e forma clínica pulmonar, dado preocupante foi que 65,6% não realizaram o TDO.
Liquid-based cytology: Technical aspects
Authors: Makde Manjiri Milind , Sathawane Prajakta
Published: June 2022

Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a monolayer slide preparation technology that has outperformed conventional Pap smears because of improved fixation, decreased obscuring factors, and standardized cell transfer. In LBC, samples are collected by completely immersing the sampling device into the company vial containing preservative fluid, whereby the cells are preserved and fixed simultaneously unlike conventional smears where the sample is smeared onto the glass slide and fixed separately. To date, two major liquid-based preparation methods are known – ThinPrep and SurePath. These two methods are different in their principles of cell harvesting but produce similar preparations. SurePath works on the principle of density gradient sedimentation. In this, a sample is vortexed and strained to break the mucus and large cell groups and then is treated through a density gradient centrifugation process to remove blood and debris. The cell pellet is resuspended and is allowed to sediment onto a glass slide. This is followed by staining on the PrepStain instrument. Government Medical College and Hospital, Nagpur, India, uses the SurePath method which was approved by FDA in the USA in 1999. Our institution uses Rovers Cervex-Brush to collect the cells from the transformation zone. This chapter describes the principle of SurePath and the processing of cervicovaginal specimen using the fully automated system in the laboratory.
Nuances of the Papanicolaou stain
Authors: Sathawane Prajakta , Kamal Meherbano M. , Deotale Pramodini R. , Mankar Hirkini
Published: June 2022

The impressive list of achievements of Dr. G. N. Papanicolaou and his tedious journey from normal to abnormal human cell includes the importance of wet fixation of cells and the development of the unique polychromatic Pap stain. The 5-dye Pap stain method evolved through 2 salient phases. The first being the development of wet fixation using alcohol-ether to enhance cellular transparency and the second phase saw the introduction of various cytoplasmic counterstaining methods using orange G and EA (light green, Bismarck brown, eosin) and phosphotungstic acid, facilitating the distinction of cell types. The specific characteristics of the staining method is, the cellular transparency combined with crisp nuclear staining, achieved through tailored cellular fixation and cytoplasmic staining using variable dye and pH combinations. With little modifications if any the Pap stain continues to be applied uniformly globally. However, institutional supply of dyes and chemicals from different companies make minor modifications, that remain consistent, an essential part of the staining protocol. This chapter describes the preparation and principles of various components of the stain that are being currently used in our department.
Does Mindfullness Affect Happiness?: The Relationship Between Mindfullness and Happiness in Sports
Authors: MUTLU BOZKURT Tuğba
Published: June 2022

In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between mindfulness in sports and the happiness levels of students receiving sports education. The research group consisted of 78 women (31.6%) and 169 men (68.4%) studying at Bitlis Eren University Bachelor program in Physical Education and Sports (114 people) and Bitlis Ziya Eren Sports High School (133 people). It consists of 247 athletes. Relational screening model was used in the research. “Personal Information Form”, “Athlete Mindfulness Scale” and “Happiness Scale” were used as data collection tools in the research. The analyses of the data in the research were made with the SPSS 22 statistical package program. The findings obtained from the research were analyzed according to the variables of gender, school type, sports branch and sporting success. In conclusion, it has been determined that the age of the athletes does not significantly predict happiness and athlete mindfullness and its sub-dimensions. In addition, a positive low level statistically significant relationship was found between the happiness scale of the athletes and the scores obtained from the "non-judgmental" dimension of the athlete mindfulness scale, and as the happiness levels of the athletes increase, the level of non-judgment also increases.
Germanizmy we współczesnej gwarze miejskiej Poznania – interferencja języka niemieckiego na gwarę poznańską w kontekście poszczególnych płaszczyzn organizacji języka
Authors: Szymańska-Galińska Karina
Published: June 2022

Artykuł dotyczy germanizmów we współczesnej gwarze miejskiej Poznania. Celem opracowania jest wskazanie wpływu struktur języka niemieckiego na leksykę, składnię i frazeologię gwary poznańskiej. Germanizmy występujące w leksyce rozpatrzono w kontekście kształtowania się polszczyzny poznańskiej (dialektyzmy, archaizmy, regionalizmy) oraz w ujęciu chronologicznym, opierając się na badaniach Bogdana Walczaka (trzy warstwy chronologiczne germanizmów)[1]. W zakresie składni odniesiono się do niemieckich konstrukcji gramatycznych, które przeniesione zostały do gwary poznańskiej. Podział zapożyczeń w obszarze frazeologizmów poznańskich oparto na schemacie przyjętym przez badaczy, wyróżniając niemieckie kalki frazeologiczne (wyrażenia i zwroty) oraz kalki niemieckich idiomów.

Zebrane materiały wykazały duży wpływ języka niemieckiego na przedstawione płaszczyzny organizacji języka gwary poznańskiej oraz silne zakorzenienie badanych struktur w polszczyźnie poznaniaków.
The development of the lexemes for ‘uncle/aunt’, ‘cousin’ and ‘brother/sister-in-law’ in Hispano-Romance and Polish in a comparative perspective
Authors: Tilgner Katarzyna
Published: June 2022

The aim of the article is to compare the development of some family-related vocabulary from Latin (with PIE backgrounds) to Hispano-Romance with the old and modern Polish terms. The comparative analysis covers the words for ‘uncle’/’aunt’, ‘brother/sister-in-law’ and ‘cousins’. The author tries to explain lexical changes with reference to social changes that took place over the centuries.
Keeping university students engaged in online courses
Authors: Pałczyńska Anna
Published: June 2022

This article deals with the possibilities of various virtual teaching tools that can be used to maintain students’ engagement in the process of acquiring knowledge in the context of remote teaching. It discusses such teaching methods as projects and gamification and shows which and how apps can be used to conduct webinars. In the subsequent part of the article, ways of creating interactive worksheets are presented along with the results of a questionnaire concerning the use of BookWidgets as an assessment tool. The final part of the article considers a webinar on interpreting that was part of a series of webinars conducted at AHE in Lodz by the author. The article concludes by encouraging lecturers to take advantage of the Internet to help their students acquire and revise knowledge.
Pandemia a nowe możliwości nauczania języków specjalistycznych
Authors: Wojakowska Marta
Published: June 2022

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie rozwiązań dydaktycznych, które zostały zastosowane na zajęciach z języka specjalistycznego prowadzonych w trybie zdalnym. Przedmiotem rozważań jest zbadanie, na ile wyżej wspomniane rozwiązania pozwoliły studentom na lepsze przyswojenie treści omawianych na zajęciach.

Badania przeprowadzone w latach 2019/2020 i 2020/2021 w Instytucie Romanistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego wykazały, że kurs języka francuskiego dla dyplomatów przeprowadzony zdalnie został lepiej oceniony przez studentów niż ten sam kurs odbywający się stacjonarnie. Analiza danych potwierdziła założenie badawcze, że przejście od nauczania stacjonarnego do nauczania cyfrowego dało wykładowcom nowe narzędzia pracy i skłoniło ich do sięgnięcia po mniej powszechnie dotąd stosowane praktyki, które przyczyniły się do wzbogacenia procesu dydaktycznego.

Rezygnacja z lekcji w trybie stacjonarnym skłoniła nauczycieli do poszukiwania i opracowywania oryginalnych rozwiązań, wykraczających poza dotychczasowe ograniczenia formalne. Wydaje się, że skuteczność niektórych metod zastosowanych podczas pandemii włączy je na stałe do repertuaru środków glottodydaktycznych i może stać się przyczynkiem do dyskusji nad rozwojem zdalnej edukacji językowej.
Efficient photoredox cycles to control perylenediimide self-assembly
Authors: Chen Chunfeng , Valera Jorge , Adachi Takuji , Hermans Thomas
Published: June 2022

Photoreduction of perylenediimide (PDI) derivatives has been widely studied for use in photocatalysis, hydrogen evolution, photo-responsive gels, and organic semiconductors. Upon light irradiation, the radical anion (PDI•–) can readily be obtained, whereas further reduction to the dianion (PDI2–) is rare. Here we show that full 2-electron photoreduction can be achieved using UVC light: 1) in anaerobic conditions by ‘direct photoreduction’ of PDI aggregates, or 2) by ‘indirect photoreduction’ in aerobic conditions due to acetone ketyl radicals. The latter strategy is also efficient for other dyes, such as naphthalenediimide (NDI) and methylviologen (MV2+). Efficient photoreduction on the minute time-scale using simple LED light in aerobic conditions is attractive for use in dissipative light-driven systems and materials.
Calibrate Ligand-ligand Interaction on Nanocrystals via the Dynamic Volume of Chain Segments
Authors: Cao Weicheng , Pang Zhenfeng , Zhou Xiaoqi , Cao Zhenming , Li Jiachen , Wang Qi , Peng Xiaogang , Kong Xueqian
Published: June 2022

The intermolecular ligand-ligand interaction is crucial for the surface chemistry, solution properties, and self-assembly processes of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs). The studies on the ligand-ligand interaction are hampered by the disordered and dynamic nature of the surface, the low electron contrast of organic moieties, and the non-characteristic weak intermolecular forces. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can provide site-specific information on organic ligands and especially the motional behavior of chain segments. In this work, we develop an advanced solid-state NMR measurement and modelling strategy to quantify the “dynamic volume” of chain segments. The dynamic volume depicts the accessible space of a chain segment under the confinement of neighboring molecules, and is inversely proportional to the intermolecular interaction energy. The ligand-ligand interaction energies have been obtained for NCs with alkanoate ligands of different lengths. We show that the calculated ligand-ligand interaction energy determines solution dispersity and the melting transitions of NCs. This dynamic volume concept can be extended beyond experimental NMR measurements and offer semi-empirical predictions of the interaction energies for arbitrary selections of alkanoate ligands. Our study not only advances the quantitative understanding of ligand-ligand interaction on NCs but also establishes novel tactics to calibrate weak intermolecular interactions.
Development of an atlas of palliative care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region through a stakeholder participative process
Authors: Sánchez-Cárdenas Miguel Antonio , Garralda Eduardo , Steijn Danny van , Pourghazian Nasim , Slama Slim , Bouësseau Marie-Charlotte , Centeno Carlos
Published: June 2022

Background: The increasing number of people experiencing serious health-related suffering due to severe illness is an urgent issue in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Although palliative care can mitigate much of this suffering, its current development and indicators to measure progress remain unknown. Aims: To describe the development of the Atlas of palliative care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region 2021. Methods: Recently, the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, together with a network of palliative care experts, identified the best indicators and collected data across the Region. These indicators include national palliative care strategies, number of specialized palliative care services per population, inclusion of palliative care in the health benefits package and national health budget, and the use of pain medication. These and other useful information form the Atlas of palliative care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region 2021. Results: The Atlas shows that provision of specialized palliative care services and pain medication in the Region is low. Several of the indicators suitable to the region are new and include the level of public awareness of palliative care, inclusion of palliative care in health insurance plans, availability of centres of excellence for palliative clinical care, and availability of grants to finance palliative care research. Conclusion: Adoption of favourable policies, educational initiatives, and the involvement of stakeholders, represent an opportunity for future development of palliative care in the EMR.
Komunikasi Matematika Tulis Siswa dalam Mengajukan Masalah Matematika Konteks Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ramadani Setia Putri Ayu , Siswono Tatag Yuli Eko
Published: June 2022

Komunikasi merupakan hal penting dalam pembelajaran. Salah satu cara untuk mengembangkan komunikasi matematika siswa yaitu melalui pengajuan masalah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kemampuan komunikasi matematika tulis siswa dalam mengajukan masalah matematika konteks pandemi Covid-19. Konteks Covid-19 dalam penelitian ini diaplikasikan dalam soal yang digunakan untuk tes pengajuan masalah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan dua subjek yang terpilih yaitu bisa mengajukan masalah dan menyelesikan masalah, bisa mengajukan masalah dan tidak bisa menyelesaikan masalah. Subjek mengerjakan Tes Pengajuan Masalah, kemudian hasil  dianalisis berdasarkan indikator komunikasi matematika tulis siswa dalam mengajukan masalah matematika yaitu keakuratan, kelengkapan, dan kelancaran. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa siswa yang bisa mengajukan dan meyelesaikan masalah memenuhi indikator keakuratan, kelengkapan, dan kelancaran karena siswa mampu menuliskan hal yang relevan dengan masalah, menuliskan informasi yang diperoleh secara lengkap, menuliskan langkah-langkah dan hasil dengan tepat, menyebutkan rumus dengan tepat serta tepat waktu dalam mengerjakan. Siswa yang bisa mengajukan dan tidak bisa menyelesaikan masalah memenuhi indikator kelancaran, tetapi tidak akurat dan tidak lengkap karena siswa mampu menuliskan hal yang relevan dengan masalah, tidak dapat menuliskan informasi yang diperoleh, menuliskan langkah-langkah perhitungan, tetapi hasil tidak tepat, tidak mampu menyebutkan rumus dengan tepat, tepat waktu dalam mengerjakan. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah guru mampu menemukan metode yang efektif untuk melatih kemampuan komunikasi tulis siswa.

Kata Kunci: komunikasi matematika tulis, pengajuan masalah, pandemic covid-19
ABSTRAKSI REFLEKTIF SISWA BERKEMAMPUAN MATEMATIKA TINGKAT TINGGI DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH LINGKARAN
Authors: Bachtiar Fahilan Nur , Susanah Susanah
Published: June 2022

Abstraksi reflektif dikenal sebagai karakteristik yang paling relevan dalam hal aspek kognitif yakni membantu siswa mengkonstruksi konsep baru dari banyak konsep yang telah ia pelajari. Dengan mengusung tema abstraksi refelektif, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan abstraksi reflektif siswa berkemampuan matematika tingkat tinggi dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan lingkaran. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 2 siswa kelas XI SMAN 1 Manyar tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 yang merepresentasikan kemampuan matematika tingkat tinggi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tugas abstraksi reflektif dan pedoman wawancara. Teknik analisis data yang dilakukan untuk menganalisis hasil tes pemecahan masalah adalah dengan menggunakan indikator abstraksi reflektif penelitian sedangkan data hasil wawancara dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan abstraksi reflektif siswa berkemampuan matematika tingkat tinggi dalam menyelesaikan masalah lingkaran telah melalui empat level abstraksi reflektif yaitu Level Recognition, Level Representation, Level Structural Abstraction, dan Level Structural Awareness. Pada level Recognition siswa berkemampuan matematika tingkat tinggi menjabarkan informasi dan konsep yang dia pahami dari permasalahan lingkaran. Pada level Representation siswa berkemampuan matematika tingkat tinggi mengubah permasalahan lingkaran kedalam bentuk simbol atau grafik. Pada level Structural Abstraction, siswa berkemampuan matematika tingkat tinggi menyelesaikan masalah dengan mengunkan informasi dan konsep pada permasalahan lingkaran tersebut. Pada level Structural Awareness, siswa berkemampuan matematika tingkat tinggi dapat menyebutkan alternatif strategi, kesulitan metode yang digunakan, dan menyelesaikan masalah lain yang sejenis tanpa kesusahan pada permasalahan lingkaran tersebut.