bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating Brewer-Dobson circulation trends from changes in stratospheric water vapour and methane
Authors: Poshyvailo-Strube Liubov , Müller Rolf , Fueglistaler Stephan , Hegglin Michaela I. , Laube Johannes C. , Volk C. Michael , Ploeger Felix
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The stratospheric meridional overturning circulation, also referred to as the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC), controls the composition of the stratosphere, which, in turn, affects radiation and climate. As the BDC cannot be directly measured, one has to infer its strength and trends indirectly. For instance, trace gas measurements allow the calculation of average transit times. Satellite measurements provide information on the distributions of trace gases for the entire stratosphere, with measurements of particularly long and dense coverage available for stratospheric water vapour (H2O). Although chemical processes and boundary conditions confound interpretation, the influence of CH4 oxidation on H2O is relatively straightforward, and thus H2O is an appealing tracer for transport analysis despite these caveats. In this work, we explore how mean age of air trends can be estimated from the combination of stratospheric H2O and CH4 data. We carry out different sensitivity studies with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) and focus on the analysis of the periods of 1990–2006 and 1990–2017. In particular, we assess the methodological uncertainties related to the two commonly-used approximations of (i) instantaneous stratospheric entry mixing ratio propagation, and (ii) constant correlation between mean age and the fractional release factor of methane. Our results show that the estimated mean age of air trends from the combination of observed stratospheric H2O and CH4 changes may be significantly affected by the assumed approximations. Depending on the investigated stratospheric region and the considered period, the error in estimated mean age of air decadal trends can be large – the discrepancies are up to 10 % per decade or even more at the lower stratosphere. For particular periods, the errors from the two approximations can lead to opposite effects, which may even cancel out. Finally, we propose an improvement to the approximation method by using an idealised age spectrum to propagate stratospheric entry mixing ratios. The findings of this work can be used for improving and assessing the uncertainties in stratospheric BDC trend estimation from global satellite measurements.
Smoke in the river: an AEROCLO-sA case study
Authors: Flamant Cyrille , Gaetani Marco , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Chazette Patrick , Cuesta Juan , Piketh Stuart J. , Formenti Paola
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The formation of a river of smoke crossing southern Africa is investigated during the Aerosols, Radiation and Clouds in southern Africa (AEROCLO-sA) campaign in September 2017. A complementary set of global and mesoscale numerical simulations as well as ground-based, airborne and space-borne observations of the dynamics, thermodynamics and composition of the atmosphere are used to characterize the river of smoke in terms of timing and vertical extent of the biomass burning aerosol (BBA) layer. The study area was under the synoptic influence of a coastal low rooted in a tropical easterly wave, a high-pressure system over the continent and westerly waves in mid-latitudes, one of which had an embedded cut-off low (CoL). The coastal low interacted with the second of two approaching westerly waves and ultimately formed a mid-level temperate tropical trough (TTT). The TTT created the fast moving air mass transported to the southwestern Indian Ocean as a river of smoke. The CoL, which developed and intensified in the upper levels associated with the first (easternmost) westerly wave, remained stationary above northern Namibia prior to the formation of the TTT and was responsible for the thickening of the BBA layer. This shows that the evolution of the river of smoke is very much tied to the evolution of the TTT while its vertical extent is related to the presence of the CoL. The mechanisms by which the CoL, observed over Namibia in the entrance region of the river of smoke, influences the vertical structure of the BBA layer is mainly associated with the ascending motion above the BBA layer. In the presence of the CoL, the top of the BBA layer over northern Namibia reaches altitudes above 8 km. This is much higher than the average height of the top of the BBA layer over the regions where the smoke comes from (Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique) which is 5 to 6 km. The results suggest that the interaction between the TTTs and the CoLs which form during the winter may have a role in promoting the transport of BBA from fire-prone regions in the tropical band to the temperate mid-latitudes and southwestern Indian Ocean.
Aerosol radiative effects with dual view AOD retrievals
Authors: Kinne Stefan , North Peter , Pearson Kevin , Popp Thomas
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Seasonal maps of dual view retrieved mid-visible AOD and AODf for four selected years (1998, 2008, 2019, 2020) are introduced and assessed in comparisons to MODIS retrievals and general data of an aerosol climatology. Due to different sensor capabilities (ATSR-2, AATSR and SLSTR) there are still unresolved inconsistencies so that decadal regional trends are not as detectable as with MODIS retrievals. SLSTR retrieval, however, agree with MODIS retrievals that 2020 Covid impacts on AOD values (via comparisons to the pre-COVID 2019 reference) are at best minor and secondary to natural anomalies by wildfires and dust. In radiative transfer applications the dual view AOD data for the four years are processed in the MAC climatology environment to determine aerosol associated radiative effects for total aerosol and for anthropogenic aerosol. Even though the calculated radiative effects are affected by retrieval AOD retrieval tendencies, climate relevant TOA net-flux changes are consistent to result with AOD data from other satellite sensors and a general climatology: −0.9 W/m2 for total aerosol with a significant greenhouse effect and −0.8 and −0.2 W/m2 for anthropogenic aerosol with and without indirect effects, respectively. Aside from global averages, seasonal maps highlight the diversity of regional and seasonal radiative effects.
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI NO2 retrieval: impact of version v2.2 improvements and comparisons with OMI and ground-based data
Authors: van Geffen Jos , Eskes Henk , Compernolle Steven , Pinardi Gaia , Verhoelst Tijl , Lambert Jean-Christopher , Sneep Maarten , ter Linden Mark , Ludewig Antje , Boersma K. Folkert , Veefkind J. Pepijn
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the main data products measured by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite, which combines a high signal-to-noise ratio with daily global coverage and high spatial resolution. TROPOMI provides a valuable source of information to monitor emissions from local sources such as power plants, industry, cities, traffic and ships, and variability of these sources in time. Validation exercises of NO2 version v1.2-v1.3 data, however, have revealed that TROPOMI's tropospheric vertical columns (VCDs) are too low by up to 50 % over highly polluted areas. These findings are mainly attributed to biases in the cloud pressure retrieval, the surface albedo climatology and the low resolution of the a-priori profiles derived from global simulations of the TM5-MP chemistry model. This study describes improvements in the TROPOMI NO2 retrieval leading to version v2.2, operational since 1 July 2021. Compared to v1.x, the main changes are: (1) The NO2-v2.2 data is based on version 2 level-1B (ir)radiance spectra with improved calibration, which results in a small and fairly homogeneous increase of the NO2 slant columns of 3 to 4 %, most of which ends up as a small increase of the stratospheric columns; (2) The cloud pressures are derived with a new version of the FRESCO cloud retrieval already introduced in NO2-v1.4, which lead to a lowering of the cloud pressure, resulting in larger tropospheric NO2 columns over polluted scenes with a small but non-zero cloud coverage; (3) For cloud-free scenes a surface albedo correction is introduced based on the observed reflectance, which also leads to a general increase of the tropospheric NO2 columns over polluted scenes of order 15 %; (4) An outlier removal was implemented in the spectral fit, which increases the number of good quality retrievals over the South-Atlantic Anomaly region and over bright clouds where saturation may occur; (5) Snow-Ice information is now obtained from ECMWF weather data, increasing the number of valid retrievals at high latitudes. On average the NO2-v2.2 data have tropospheric VCDs that are between 10 and 40 % larger than the v1.x data, depending on the level of pollution and season; the largest impact is found at mid- and high-latitudes in wintertime. This has brought these tropospheric NO2 closer to OMI observations. Ground-based validation shows on average an improvement of the negative bias of the stratospheric (from −6 % to −3 %), tropospheric (from −32 % to −23 %) and total (from −12 % to −5 %) columns. For individual measurement stations, however, the picture is more complicated, in particular for the tropospheric and total columns.
Formaldehyde and Glyoxal Measurement Deploying a Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometer (SIFT-MS)
Authors: Zogka Antonia , Romanias Manolis N. , Thevenet Frederic
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Formaldehyde (FM) and glyoxal (GL) are important atmospheric species of indoor and outdoor environments. They are either directly emitted in the atmosphere or they are formed through the oxidation of organic compounds by indoor and/or outdoor atmospheric oxidants. Despite their importance, the real-time monitoring of these compounds with soft ionization mass spectrometric techniques, e.g. proton transfer mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), remains problematic and is accompanied by low sensitivity. In this study, we evaluate the performance of a multi-ion selected ion flow tube mass spectrometer (SIFT-MS) to monitor in real-time atmospherically relevant concentrations of FM and GL under controlled experimental conditions. The SIFT-MS used is operated under standard conditions (SC), as proposed by the supplier, and customized conditions (CC), to achieve higher sensitivity. In the case of FM, SIFT-MS sensitivity is marginally impacted by RH, and the detection limits achieved are below 200 ppt. Contrariwise, in the case of GL, a sharp decrease of instrument sensitivity is observed with increasing RH when the H3O+ ion is used. Nevertheless, the detection of GL using NO+ precursor ion is moderately impacted by moisture with an actual positive sensitivity response. Therefore, we recommend the use of NO+ precursor for reliable detection and quantitation of GL. This work evidences that SIFT-MS can be considered as an efficient tool to monitor the concentration of FM and GL using SIFT-MS in laboratory experiments and potentially in indoor or outdoor environments. Furthermore, SIFT-MS technology still allows great possibilities for sensitivity improvement and high potential for monitoring low proton transfer affinity compounds.
On the derivation of zonal and meridional wind components from Aeolus horizontal line-of-sight wind
Authors: Krisch Isabell , Hindley Neil P. , Reitebuch Oliver , Wright Corwin J.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Since its launch in 2018, the European Space Agency’s Earth Explorer satellite Aeolus has provided global height resolved measurements of horizontal wind in the troposphere and lower stratosphere for the first time. Novel datasets such as these provide an unprecedented opportunity for the research of atmospheric dynamics and provide new insights into the dynamics of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region. Aeolus measures the wind component along its horizontal line-of-sight, but for the analysis and interpretation of atmospheric dynamics, zonal and/or meridional wind components are most useful. In this paper, we introduce and compare three different methods to derive zonal and meridional wind components from the Aeolus wind measurements. We find that the most promising method involves combining Aeolus measurements during ascending and descending orbits. Using this method, we derive global estimates of the zonal wind in the latitude range 79.7° S to 84.5° N with errors of less than 5 ms−1 (at the 2-sigma level). Due to the orbit geometry of Aeolus, the estimation of meridional wind in the tropics and at midlatitudes is more challenging and the quality is less reliable. However, we find that it is possible to derive meridional winds poleward of 70° latitude with absolute errors typically below ±5 ms−1 (at the 2-sigma level). This further demonstrate the value of Aeolus wind measurements for applications in weather and climate research, in addition to their important role in numerical weather prediction.
Earth System Sensitivity: a Feedback perspective
Authors: Passenier Peter O.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In the field of climate-change research a lot of effort is devoted to the ‘narrowing down’ of uncertainties in the estimation of Equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), the global mean warming as a result of an instantaneous doubling of the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The present study explores possible consequences of this narrowing down of ECS for the long-term Earth system sensitivity (ESS), taking into account ‘slow’ feedbacks due to the cryosphere response (permafrost melting and ice-sheet disintegration) to a warming world. Implications for international policy making, aiming at avoiding 2 degrees Celsius of global warming, are briefly discussed.
Globally consistent assessment of economic impacts of wildfires in CLIMADA v2.2
Authors: Lüthi Samuel , Aznar-Siguan Gabriela , Fairless Christopher , Bresch David N.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In light of the dramatic increase in economic impacts due to wildfires over recent years, the need for globally consistent impact modelling of wildfire damages is ever increasing. Insurance companies, individual households, humanitarian organizations, governmental authorities, and investors and portfolio owners are increasingly required to account for climate-related physical risks. In response to these societal challenges, we present an extension to the open-source and open-access risk modelling platform CLIMADA (CLImate ADAptation) for modelling economic impacts of wildfires in a globally consistent and spatially explicit approach. All input data are free, public and globally available, ensuring applicability in data-scarce regions of the Global South. The model was calibrated at resolutions of 1, 4 and 10 km using information on past wildfire damage reported by the disaster database EM-DAT. Despite the large remaining uncertainties, the model yields sound damage estimates with a model performance well in line with the results of other natural catastrophe impact models, such as for tropical cyclones. To complement the global perspective of this study, we conducted two case studies on the recent megafires in Chile (2017) and Australia (2020). The model is made available online as part of a Python package, ready for application in practical contexts such as disaster risk assessment, near-real-time impact estimates or physical climate risk disclosure.
Characteristics of hail hazard in South Africa based on satellite detection of convective storms
Authors: Punge Heinz Jürgen , Bedka Kristopher M. , Kunz Michael , Bang Sarah D. , Itterly Kyle F.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Accurate estimates of hail risk to fixed and mobile assets such as crops, infrastructure and vehicles are required for both insurance pricing and preventive measures. Here we present an event catalog to describe hail hazard in South Africa guided by 14 years of geostationary satellite observations of convective storms. Overshooting cloud tops have been detected, grouped and tracked to describe the spatio-temporal extent of potential hail events. It is found that hail events concentrate mainly in the southeast of the country, along the Highveld and the eastern slopes. Events are most frequent from mid-November through February and peak in the afternoon, between 13 and 17 UTC. Multivariate stochastic modeling of event properties yields an event catalog spanning 25 000 years, aiming to estimate, in combination with vulnerability and exposure data, hail damage for return periods of 200 years.
THE ROLE OF THE MODERN FRENCH ECONOMY IN THE EU
Authors: Gorbunova N.E.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the economic relations of France on the territory of the EU and its impact on the economic development of the union as a whole.
New Method for Surgical Diagnostics - a Robotic Telemedical Approach
Authors:   Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Therapeutical Intervention, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical  University Munich, Munich, Germany, Fuchtmann Jonas , Krumpholz Roman ,   Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Therapeutical Intervention, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical  University Munich, Munich, Germany, Ostler Daniel ,   Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Therapeutical Intervention, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical  University Munich, Munich, Germany, Naceri Abdeldjallil ,   Chair of Robotics and System Intelligence, Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence,  Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany, Haddadin Sami ,   Chair of Robotics and System Intelligence, Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence,  Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany, Wilhelm Dirk ,   Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Therapeutical Intervention, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical  University Munich, Munich, Germany, Feussner Hubertus ,   Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Therapeutical Intervention, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical  University Munich, Munich, Germany, Berlet Maximilian ,   Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Therapeutical Intervention, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical  University Munich, Munich, Germany
Published: November 2021

Apart from the tremendous increase in the demand for telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of telemedical technology offers many advantages, such as better coverage of rural areas and improved access to specialists. While current telediagnostic possibilities are often limited to a verbal consultation, the field of surgery has already made use of robotics for one of the most challenging areas of medicine: invasive procedures. Since comprehensive diagnostics are a prerequisite for each surgery, we built upon the knowledge gained in telesurgery and developed a telediagnostic system that allows for an extensive perioperative and emergency examination. It is based on a robotic platform consisting of a remote lead robotic arm at the physician’s site and a follower robot at the patient’s site. Mirroring all movements directly and using force-feedback, both parties can precisely interact, enabling tasks such as auscultation, percussion, and palpation without the need for extensive training. Our overall setup also includes the possibility to measure and monitor all relevant vital parameters and can be used to perform ear and nasopharyngeal inspections as well as an automatic swab to screen for COVID or other contagious diseases prior to hospital admission. In this paper, we focus on the potential of this technology for the surgical community by demonstrating the ease of adding an ultrasound probe to our modular setup to perform a high-quality emergency ultrasound examination. While the system is not yet ready for everyday use in a hospital and drawbacks such as a high cost persist, our setup paves the way for the future use of telediagnostics in surgery.
Investigation of the Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Copper Nanocluster Cu14 Contaminated with Fe, Ni and Co
Authors: Maryam Darvishpour Maryam Darvishpour , Mohammad Hossein Fekri Mohammad Hossein Fekri
Published: November 2021

We have presented density functional calculations of the electronic structures and magnetic properties of bimetallics nanoclusters Cu14-nMn (n=1-3) (M=Fe, Ni and Co) in the FCC crystal structure. For the calculations of the physical properties of the compounds, we have used the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The magnetic nature, semiconducting, half metallicity and metalloid of transition metals clusters in the FCC crystal structure are investigated. Results show that studied systems have ferromagnetic properties against Cu14Cluster. It is found that band gap of the clusters decreases with doping of atoms compared to pure cluster Cu14, Particularly for Fe. These calculations show that Cu14 and Cu12Co2 are metals, while Cu13Fe, Cu12Fe2, Cu13Co, Cu11Co3 and Cu11Ni3 are half-metals and Cu11Fe3 and Cu12Ni2 are metalloid. Between these clusters, Cu13Ni is semiconductor. The spin polarization and the magnetic moment of the systems are dependent on number and type of the host transition metal atoms. The Cu13Ni has maximum spin polarization and stability. These results provide a new candidate for applications this series of compounds as dilute magnetic clusters and half-metal in spintronic devices.
A 1H-Benzotriazole Derivative Nucleated Poly(L-lactic acid): Thermal Behavior and Physical Properties
Authors: Li Sha Zhao and Yan Hua Cai Li Sha Zhao and Yan Hua Cai
Published: November 2021

In this study, a 1H-benzotriazole derivative, N, Nand#39;-bis(1H-benzotriazole) succinic acid acethydrazide (SABHA), was synthesized to nucleate Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA). A series of comparative studies on the melt-crystallization, the cold-crystallization, the melting behavior, the thermal stability, as well as the fluidity between the pure PLLA and PLLA/SABHA were performed. The melt-crystallization behavior revealed that the SABHA as a heterogeneous nucleating agent could significantly facilitate the crystallization of PLLA, and a larger amount of SABHA concentration exhibited the better nucleation effect. However, for the cold-crystallization process, the crystallization peak shifted toward the lower temperature with increasing of SABHA concentration. The melting behavior after crystallization at different crystallization temperatures showed that the melting process of PLLA/SABHA samples depended on the crystallization temperature, and the appearance of the double melting peaks was attributed to the melt-recrystallization. The thermal decomposition profile of PLLA was not affected by SABHA, but the addition of SABHA reduced the thermal stability of PLLA. Fortunately, the presence of SABHA improved the fluidity of PLLA, and the effect of SABHA concentration on the fluidity was positive.
Synthesis, Bacterial Biofilm Inhibition and Hemolytic Activity of 4-Chloro-N-(dimethylphenyl)butamide regio-isomers
Authors: Muhammad Athar Abbasi Muhammad Athar Abbasi , Muhammad Shawal Hassan Muhammad Shawal Hassan , Aziz ur Rehman Aziz ur Rehman , Sabahat Zahra Siddiqui Sabahat Zahra Siddiqui , Syed Adnan Ali Shah Syed Adnan Ali Shah , Muhammad Shahid Muhammad Shahid , and Khalid Mohammed Khan and Khalid Mohammed Khan
Published: November 2021

The goal of this work was to synthesize some 4-chloro-N-(dimethylphenyl)butamide regio-isomers starting from dimethylated phenylamines and to examine their biofilm inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains along with hemolytic activity. The synthetic approach for the synthesis of regio-isomers involved the reaction of 4-chlorobutanoyl chloride (1) with three different dimethylphenylamines (2a-c) in alkaline medium under vigorous shaking for 1-2 h under dynamic control of pH ranging from 9-10 to obtain the final products, 4-chloro-N-(dimethylphenyl)butamides (3a-c). The structural confirmation of these products was accomplished using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and CHN analysis data.
Photocatalytic Performance Evaluation of Bismuth Doped Tin-Dioxide under UV and Direct Sunlight Irradiation for Congo Red Dye Degradation
Authors: Nauman Ali Nauman Ali , Adnan khan Adnan khan , Aaisha Riaz Aaisha Riaz , Abdullah M Asiri and Tahseen Kamal Abdullah M Asiri and Tahseen Kamal
Published: November 2021

In the current research work, bismuth doped tin-dioxide (Bi-SnO2) was prepared by wet chemical co-precipitation method. The synthesized material was used as a photocatalyst in the degradation of congo red dye (CR) in its aqueous solution. The prepared catalyst was used in the uncalcined- and calcined forms for the photocatalytic reaction. The synthesized catalyst in both forms was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD revealed that the calcination of the Bi-SnO2 improved its crystallinity. The SEM showed that the Bi-SnO2 had average size less than 150nm. Photocatalytic degradation of CR dye was carried out under ultra-violet light as well as under sunlight. While testing the photocatalytic degradation performance, it was found that more than 80% of the CR was degraded by using Bi-SnO2 nanoparticles under both lighting conditions. Moreover, the calcined Bi-SnO2 nanoparticles showed better photocatalytic performance as compared to its uncalcined form. The present work provides a viable way to make efficient photocatalyst based-on Bi-SnO2 to employ under UV and sunlight for the degradation of the CR dye without the need of oxidizing or reducing agents.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of Poly [bis-and#181;-3,5-dinitro-2-oxidobenzoato) (py) Cu II]
Authors: Fouzia Chang Fouzia Chang , Najma Memon Najma Memon , Shahabuddin Memon Shahabuddin Memon , Muhammad Naeem Ahmed Muhammad Naeem Ahmed , Muhammad Nawaz Tahir Muhammad Nawaz Tahir , Abdul Sattar Chang Abdul Sattar Chang , Muhammad Hassan Agheem Muhammad Hassan Agheem
Published: November 2021

A novel Poly [bis-and#181;-3,5-dinitro-2-oxidobenzoato) (py) Cu II]/(C12H7CuN3O7) was synthesized by a self assemble method at room temperature. The molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P 2 1/c with lattice parameters of a = 10.2143, b = 5.1651 and c = 26.608, α = 90, β = 99.720, γ = 90, Z = 4, V = 1383.60 (18) and#197;3.Pore size depicted from single crystal XRD data was 47and#197;. The central metal atom Cu (II) is coordinated with oxygen of carboxylates group and nitrogen atom of pyridine. The coordination polyhedron posses square pyramidal geometry is manifested by the N— Cu—O angle of 90o. The structure is composed of monomeric coordination units with the central copper (II) ion is not occupying a centre of symmetry.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of Zinc Borates: Effect of Boron Sources
Authors: Fatma Tugce Senberber Dumanli Fatma Tugce Senberber Dumanli , Azmi Seyhun Kipcak Azmi Seyhun Kipcak , Duygu Sena Vardar and Nurcan Tugrul Duygu Sena Vardar and Nurcan Tugrul
Published: November 2021

Sonochemistry meaning ultrasound-assisted chemistry plays an important role in the synthesis of inorganic compounds. Among these inorganic compounds, zinc borates are used for the flame-retarding agent. In this study using zinc chloride (ZnCl2), boric acid (H3BO3), Na2B4O7and#183;10H2O, Na2B4O7and#183;5H2O and NaOH as raw materials, a zinc borate compound in the formulae of Zn3B6O12and#183;3.5H2O was obtained using an ultrasonic probe. Crystal structures of samples were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The symmetric and asymmetric stretching between boron and oxygen atoms were searched by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies. The effects of boron sources on sample morphology were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the results, it was seen that Zn3B6O12and#183;3.5H2O can easily be produced from these raw materials with the synthesis parameters of 80-90and#176;C and 40-55 min. From the SEM results, it was seen that the minimum particle size obtained was 172 nm. Reaction efficiencies were calculated between 79.6 and 94.0 and#177; 0.5%. Thermal feature of the obtained pure phase, investigated with the thermogravimetric analyses. The dehydration of the synthesized Zn3B6O12and#183;3.5H2O was seen between 262 and 413and#176;C with a total mass loss of 13.25%.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF HORMONE-INDUCED STRESS ON HEMOSTASIS IN THE CYPRINUS CARPIO AND THE OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS
Authors: BEREZINA Daria Igorevna , FOMINA Luybov Leonidovna
Published: November 2021

Background: The mortality of freshwater fish due to stress during various production manipulations is a severe problem, which requires a thorough understanding of the basic mechanisms involved, including the hemostasis system. Therefore, on the application level, the study of blood clotting can perform fish coagulopathies diagnostics and develop practical preventive and therapeutic anticoagulation methods for fish farming. Aim: The goal of this research was a comparative assessment of the reaction of some hemostasis parameters of two commercial fish species, carp Cyprinus carpio and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, to the stress of different duration induced by corticosteroids. Methods: The fishes were divided into three groups: chronically stressed (induction by betamethasone), acutely stressed (induction by dexamethasone), and control animals with blood taken from the caudal hemal canal before hormone treatment(by dexamethasone and betamethasone), then 7 and 21 days after. Results and Discussion: Changes in the following parameters were studied: thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, the concentration of fibrinogen, soluble fibrin monomer complexes, antithrombin. It was found that both hormone-induced stress and handling stress associated with blood sampling strongly increased blood clotting ability in carps (prothrombin time decrease by 78,5-86,1%, fibrinogen increase by 12,7-100%, thrombin time decrease by 83,4-85%, and antithrombin III decreases by 15,3-21,7%), while in tilapias, acceleration of blood clotting by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways were recorded by the end of the experiment only in fishes with imitation of chronic stress (prothrombin time decrease by 76,8%, activated partial thromboplastin time decrease by 20,0%, and 2,3 multiplying soluble fibrin monomer complexes). Conclusions: It was concluded that the adaptive mechanisms of the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) organism allowed the clotting function to recover in most cases by the end of the experiment in all groups of fish, in contrast to carps (Cyprinus carpio).
ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF A COMPOSITE MATERIAL OF SOLID BIOPOLYMER ELECTROLYTE FROM CASSAVA STARCH / GRAPHENE OXIDE PREPARED AT DIFFERENT pH
Authors: ARRIETA Alvaro , MENDOZA Jorge , PALENCIA Manuel
Published: November 2021

Background: Composite materials make it possible to modulate the properties of the source materials and expand their technological potential. In this sense, composite materials made from solid biopolymeric electrolytes and graphene oxide can be an attractive alternative for applications in organic electronics due to their electrochemical properties. Aim: The present work aims to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of a composite material made of solid biopolymeric electrolyte of cassava starch and graphene oxide at different concentrations to determine the effect of this concentration and the pH used in the production process. Methods: The composite material was made from the use of cassava starch plasticized with glycerol, glutaraldehyde, polyethylene glycol and with lithium perchlorate as electrolytes. During the synthesis process, graphene oxide was added in different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, and 1.75 %w/w) to evaluate the effect of the concentration of this component. The synthesis was carried out by thermochemical method with constant heating in an oven at 75 ° C for 48 hours. Films were prepared using synthesis solutions at different pH (5.0 and 9.0). The pH was regulated by adding HCl or NaOH to the synthesis solution as appropriate. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the cassava starch biopolymeric solid electrolyte films without plasticizers were stiff and brittle, so they broke easily. The films with plasticizers and the films of the composite material were stable to the manual traction, allowing their easy manipulation without breaking. The films presented a similar electrochemical behavior in terms of oxide reduction processes; however, the films with graphene oxide presented signals with higher peak currents. Films made at pH 9.0 showed 50 % more intensity in peak currents. The addition of graphene oxide affected the current parameters and peak potentials, being more marked in the films prepared at pH 9.0; at this pH the films with concentrations of graphene oxide lower than 1.00 %w/w presented variable Ep and Ip, while at concentrations of graphene oxide greater than 1%w/w, the behavior did not show significant variations. Conclusions: The addition of graphene oxide modulates or modifies the electrochemical behavior of cassava starch biopolymeric solid electrolyte films, and the processing pH can vary the effect of the graphene oxide addition.
LEARNING INNOVATION OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS LAB WORK FOR IMPROVING STUDENTS NEW LITERACIES AND LEARNING MOTIVATION IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: PRASETYA Agung Tri , ALAUHDIN Mohammad , HARYANI Sri
Published: November 2021

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has changed education dramatically. Teaching and learning are undertaken remotely and on digital platforms. Therefore, learning innovation needs to be carried out to keep and maintain the learning objectives. Unfortunately, some courses are challenging to carry out remotely, such as Instrumental analysis labwork. This chemistry labwork involves using modern analytical instrumentation, such as HPLC, AAS, and GC. Aim: In this study, an innovation of an online learning model of instrumental analysis labwork for chemistry students was carried out. The innovation aims to provide authentic and motivational experiences for students while learning remotely. Methods: The first innovation was carried out by verification experiments using an interactive virtual pH meter and visible spectrophotometer. The second was carried out by designing a creative project-based experiment. The experiment determined the concentration of colored solutions by utilizing digital cameras or smartphones and color image analysis software as a substitute for a visible spectrophotometer. The implementation of experiments with interactive virtual media was intended to introduce various analytical instrumentations. In addition, this also trained the students in processing and interpreting experimental data. Meanwhile, the project-based experiments were intended to prepare students to design and apply an experiment, then analyze and report the results creatively. Results and Discussion: The authentic assessment resulted in data literacy, technological literacy, and human literacy having high and very high criteria, namely 89%, 95%, and 95%, respectively. Meanwhile, students abilities in designing projects and processing data need to be improved. Conclusions: In general, the learning innovation developed is proven to increase the learning motivation of all students.
Modelling Annual Cocoa Production Using ARIMA Time Series Model
Authors: O.V. Oni , O.A. Oni , Y.O. Akanle , T.B. Ogunleye
Published: November 2021

Cocoa is the most valuable tropical agricultural commodity, comes next to oil; a major target in Nigeria’s export diversification strategies. Cocoa production forecasting is important to the Nigerian agricultural transformation agenda. This study attempts to forecast Nigerian cocoa production between 2019 and 2025 using the ARIMA model. The automated analytical procedure implemented in the R software package indicated that ARIMA (0, 1, 1) is the combination with the least Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) and hence, the most appropriate for forecasting. The results revealed that cocoa production would fall by more than 20% in 2025 in comparison with 2018. Thus, to guard against the fall, cocoa farmers in the country should be incentivized through adequate financial and technical assistance.
Mechano-Energetics of Dynamically-Impeded Cardiac Trabeculae
Authors: Garrett Amy
Published: November 2021

Cardiac muscle contraction from coordinated force-length changes results in ventricular pressure volume loops. When subjecting isolated muscles to work-loop contractions that mimic the pressure volume loop, the length-change phases (shortening and re-stretching) are conventionally simplified to result in ‘flat-topped’ work-loops. Such simplification overlooks the dynamic nature of the cardiovascular load as the tissues may experience in vivo. In this talk, I present novel methods for mechanically loading isolated cardiac muscles with real-time models of the preload and afterload experienced by the heart. Using these loading methods, I address the following: Do isolated muscle samples produce more work under these model-based contraction methods? Do they contract more efficiently? These new methods reveal the limitations imposed by conventional, simplified, loading protocols. This project thus enables potential avenues for exploring the cardiac force length space, physiologically and pathophysiologically.
Mathematical modelling of Covid-19 dynamics in New Zealand
Authors: Plank Professor Michael
Published: November 2021

Mathematical models can be useful to understand the dynamics of the epidemic and how control measures may affect potential future trajectories. I will describe some models of Covid-19 dynamics in New Zealand, how they have been calibrated to data, and some of the insights they can provide.

Michael Plank is a Professor in the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand and Principal Investigator at Te Pūnaha Matatini, New Zealand's Centre of Research Excellence in Complex Systems and Data Analytics. He obtained his BSc(Hons) in Mathematics from the University of Bristol in 2000 and his PhD in Applied Mathematics from the University of Leeds in 2003. He started at the University of Canterbury as a postdoctoral research fellow in 2004 and as a permanent academic staff member in 2006.

Professor Plank is an expert in mathematical modelling of complex biological and social systems at multiple scales, from intracellular signalling and collective cell behaviour, through to large ecosystem dynamics. His research is application-driven and focuses on mechanistic mathematical and stochastic models that capture emergent behaviour and offer qualitative insight into underlying mechanisms. His areas of expertise include ecological and social networks, population dynamics, epidemiological models, size-structured marine ecosystems, collective cell behaviour, and intracellular dynamics. His research draws on numerous fields in applied mathematics including stochastic processes, integro and partial differential equations, dynamical systems, spatial moment dynamics, statistical modelling, and parameter inference.

His research has funded been funded by industry and government, by Te Pūnaha Matatini and by grants from the Marsden Fund and Australian Research Council. Professor Plank has served in various governance and editorial roles. He is currently President of the NZ Branch of Australia and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ANZIAM) and a member of the University of Canterbury's Academic Board. He is an Editorial Board member for the ANZIAM Journal. He has served as a panellist for the Marsden Fund and Performance-Based Research Fund and represents ANZIAM at the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
Barn i et digitalt samfunn: En beskrivelse av norske barn fra 7 til 12 år og deres tilgang til og bruk av TV, PC, Internett, mobiltelefon og spillteknologier
Authors: Bae Brandtzæg Petter , Endestad Tor , Heim Jan , Hertzberg Kaare Birgit , Torgersen Leila
Published: November 2021

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Indigenous academics teaching Indigenous health: ‘it’s part of who we are, our spirit, our soul, our knowledge… that goes into our teaching’
Authors: Drummond Ali , Cox Leonie , Brough Mark
Published: November 2021

Aim: Explore the experiences of Indigenous academics teaching Indigenous peoples’ history, health and culture in Australian Bachelor of Nursing programs.

Methodology: Theoretical framework comprises of Indigenous methodologies including Indigenous women’s standpoint theory and Indigenist research principles.

Methods: One-on-one research yarns that were voice-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed through an assemblage approach.

Findings: Participants of this study shared their doubts about the legitimacy afforded to them and Indigenous health curriculum by some of their colleagues and their school and faculty leaders. They highlighted that strategic and careful disruption of the status quo is a quality imperative. Participants identified the paradox of revisiting personal trauma as pedagogy and curriculum, suggesting a lack of preparedness of their schools to adequately support them. Relational engagement with other Indigenous peoples was emphasised, however, the implicit expectation for them to capitalise on personal relationships involved risking their reputation for their schools, who seemingly demand their resourcefulness as substitute for resources.

Conclusion: Indigenous academics care for quality learning and teaching of Indigenous peoples’ history, health, and culture. This care extends to nursing students, fellow academics, as well as school and faculty leadership, despite the lack of care afforded to them. Realising relational and reciprocal care, through providing appropriate support and resources, would benefit them and their academic practice.
Investigation of The Effect of Concurrent Training Strength and Endurance Training on Physical, Physiological and Psychological Parameters in Young Football Players
Authors: Tarakçi Selçuk , Pinar Salih
Published: November 2021

Background: Football is a versatile team sport that requires a range of physical characteristics, including flexibility, power, strength, endurance, speed, repetitive sprinting, quickness-agility and technique-tactics. Developing all these features at the same time, especially in the pre-season, when players are in a deconditioning state, returning to training after a rest period; it is quite difficult for coaches and performance trainers. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of strength and endurance training applied simultaneously on some physical, physiological and psychological parameters in young football players. Methods: U19 age group players were included in the research group, 24 male football players who played amateur or professionally licensed football for at least 5 years and trained for an average of 2 hours a day, 5 days a week; (Endurance+Strength Group n=12, Strength+Endurance Group n=12). In the study, 1 RM strength test, agility, speed, technique, decision-making skills and endurance tests were taken from the participants. In our study, with the pretest-posttest measurement method; Yo-Yo test, Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT), Illinois Agility Test, 30 meters Speed Test, Maximal (1RM) Strength Test, Jumping Test (CMJ) were applied. Results: The findings obtained when the performance values of football players within and between groups were evaluated statistically; It has been determined that the positive increase in endurance, strength, sprint, agility/speediness, jump and lspt pass test values as a percentage (%) was seen in the group that applied strength training before endurance training. Conclusion: The application of strength training before endurance training in 'concurrent' training model applications in young football players; on performance values; It has been determined that endurance training has more effect than applying it before strength training. According to these results, it is thought that designing the programs by taking this situation into consideration in the training program adjustments can contribute more to the coaches and the player group in terms of sportive efficiency. Keywords: Football, concurrent, strength, endurance, LSPT.
Vitamin, Mineral Use and Participation in Exercise during the Coronavirus-19 Pandemic Period
Authors: Tatlibal Pinar , Oral Onur , Aydin Ipek
Published: November 2021

Background: Deadly pandemic conditions, last seen in the 1918 Spanish Flu, similarly emerged in 2019 as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. The metabolic status of the host, as influenced by current medical condition and lifestyle, appears to determine the clinical severity of COVID-19. Aim: The study aims to determine the rates of vitamin, mineral use, and exercise participation before the COVID-19 pandemic period and during the pandemic period. Methods: Eight hundred and twenty-two people living in the province of Izmir (Turkey) participated in the research. Using the questionnaire method, vitamin, mineral use, and participation in exercise were determined before the Covid-19 pandemic and during the ongoing one-year period. Frequency and Chi-Square Tests were used for statistical evaluation (p<0.05). Results: According to the results of the statistical analysis, significant increases were detected in the use of vitamins C, D, and zinc during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to before (p<0.05). It was determined that the frequency of participation in the exercise of the participants decreased significantly compared to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period (p<0.05). Conclusion: Conclusion: As a result, it was observed that the frequency of participation in exercise decreased and the use of vitamins C, D, and zinc increased. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, participation in healthy nutrition and exercise, which is known to contribute to a stronger immune system, is recommended as in normal conditions. Keywords: COVID-19, nutrition, exercise
Risk Analysis and Assessment Using Decision Matrix Risk Assessment Technique in Sports: The Case of Boxing
Authors: Uca Merve , Alizadehebadi Leyla
Published: November 2021

Background: The decision matrix risk assessment (DMRA) is a systematic approach widely adopted in risk management in occupational health and safety to make a risk analysis and assessment and assist in decision-making for risk tolerability. Risk is a substantial part of sports organizations as well as other organizations and daily life; therefore, it is inevitable in any activity. One may encounter various risks of injury since sports fields and equipment are not ergonomic for performing sports activities healthily Aim: Ultimately, to help improve the conditions of sports activities, the present strummed to determine the activities to be maintained as a result of a risk assessment using the decision matrix risk assessment technique where accidents are classified by their severity and probabilities. Methods: The present study adopted DMRA (L-shaped matrix); it is among the systematic methods widely used in occupational health and safety (OHS) risk assessment. In general, it is an assessment technique where one may obtain a risk assessment value by considering two factors. Results: Likewise, we identified those requiring control measures and a cease at the last resort. Conclusion: Overall, we proposed some corrective actions that may help prevent the occurrence of the presented accidents through the implementation of occupational health and safety regulations published by the correspondent institutions. Keywords: Risk assessment, sports activity, health and safety, decision matrix, risk analysis