bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Com yo no sàpia scriure: la delega gràfica en l’administració municipal (Vila-real als segles XIV-XV)
Authors: Viciano Navarro Pau
Published: December 2021

[ca] En una societat, com la baixmedieval, caracteritzada per una àmplia difusió de la documentació escrita i, alhora, per un analfabetisme molt elevat, la delegació de l’escriptura era un recurs generalitzat entre els sectors socials subalterns. Aquest treball se centra en una vila valenciana, prenent com a font els rebuts (albarans) que havien de ser redactats pels proveïdors de serveis o de béns que eren remunerats per l’administració municipal. Els titulars d’aquests rebuts pertanyien a un ampli ventall social, tant professions lletrades com illetrades, que sovint recorrien a la delega gràfica. L’estudi analitza l’evolució del perfil social dels escrivents delegats i del control que, a través de l’escrivà de la vila, hi exercia la burocràcia municipal. Finalment, s’hi analitza el vincle, no unívoc, entre alfabetització i delegació de l’escriptura, així com el creixent pluralisme social dels escrivents delegats
Britain’s post Brexit trade deals: Taking back control or a threat to sovereignty?
Authors: Dalingwater Louise
Published: December 2021

In a speech given a few days after Britain officially left the European Union, Boris Johnson boasted about the merits of Brexit which, according to him, paved the way for Britain to take back control and lead a full free trade agenda, renewing ties with the Commonwealth and developing links with high-growth emerging economies. Similar rhetoric, which echoes late Victorian historians like Edward Freeman, was used by David Davis, Michael Gove, the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) and the Adam Smith Institute to paint a positive image of Britain outside Europe. Yet, as Gammage and Syrpris (2020) underline, defining what taking back control or notions of sovereignty imply is not clear. Adhesion to the EU may be viewed as pooling sovereignty, so that control remains not only in the domestic sphere but also over international markets in which sovereign states trade. However, the debates surrounding Brexit have clearly revealed another conception of sovereignty, that of protecting a country’s interests above all other considerations. Brexiters contend that being part of the EU diminishes Britain’s absolute power and calls into question its sovereign power because it cedes a part to the supranational level. Brexit has thus been lauded as an opportunity to be free from the intensive infrastructure of the EU, its rules and enforced mechanisms. Yet Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) may also impinge on Britain’s sovereign powers. The ‘take back control’ rhetoric thus lacks a depth of understanding and knowledge of the actual impact of FTAs on sovereign states. This conceptual paper thus seeks to discuss, through extensive analysis of FTAs signed by the UK and/or in process, how the new landscape of comprehensive and progressive trade agreements may call into question notions of sovereignty. It will attempt to show how imperial nostalgia and Britain’s ambitions to take back control ignore the reality of FTAs in which public procurement, competition, ISDS and TRIPs-Plus clauses may well undermine attempts at regaining full sovereign control. The article draws on extensive secondary material: government documents, official speeches, and research papers.
Disruptive Unicorn of Digital Innovations
Authors: Dieck-Assad Flory A.
Published: December 2021

This chapter analyzes the disruptive unicorn of the 21st century, characterized by six of the most important digital disruptive innovations that will dominate the business ecosystem. A survey was applied to undergraduate students at Tecnologico de Monterrey in Mexico in 2019 to identify the students' perception of the unicorn. The hypothesis to be evaluated is that the undergraduate student has an unclear perception of the existence of the unicorn that could generate risks related to ethics and business power shifts in the world. An educational challenge is the need to develop the transversal competence of critical thinking related to digital disruptive innovations in the students. The educational strategies must evolve as fast as these digital disruptive innovations in order for the world to have citizens of a technological world in favor of humanity with the power of critical thinking and discernment. This is the challenge for the university educator.
The Rating of Confusion in Supply Chain Dynamics in Food Business and Selecting the Most Ideal Capacity Strategy During COVID-19
Authors: Korucuk Selçuk , Memiş Salih , Karamaşa Çağlar
Published: December 2021

Supply chain dynamics are seen as important components that directly affect supply chain performance, business processes, management functions, and efficiency for businesses. Every company in the supply chain needs other businesses to achieve the desired level of supply accurately, with the least cost and in an effective manner. Therefore, supply chain dynamics are seen as important components in terms of increasing competitiveness, increasing business performance, avoiding problems in workflows, and ensuring customer satisfaction, and also play critical roles in the provision of necessary information, materials, and services and improvement of process management. Also, capacity and capacity development strategies have vital importance, and firms need to apply right strategies in order to achieve success.In this study, it is aimed to rank the confusion in the supply chain dynamics and select the most ideal capacity strategy for food establishments with 10 or more employees operating in Giresun province during the COVID-19 process via SWARA and WASPAS methods.
The Significant Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Supply Chains
Authors: Lopes Ana Paula
Published: December 2021

As the COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the world, the existence of disruptions in demand and supply have become more severe, conducted by containment measures taken by countries and affecting different sectors around the world. Although businesses and workplaces are restarting activities in some countries, with containment measures gradually being lifted, overall consumer demand is expected to remain low, also determined by the loss of jobs and income. Therefore, the scale of the impact on supply chains exceeded anything most companies had anticipated. This study aims to understand how companies were affected and identify some lessons learned about their vulnerabilities and the possible ways to address them in the long term. On the other hand, it is intended to reveal some of the impacts of COVID-19 and make some practical suggestions that can help in political and operational decisions to strengthen and build additional resilience in supply chains in the future.
Water Pollution of Wetlands
Authors: Datta Soumi , Sinha Dwaipayan , Chaudhary Vidhi , Kar Somnath , Singh Anjana
Published: December 2021

Pollution has become a matter of grave concern at present with all the components of the environment laden with pollutants largely from anthropogenic sources and unplanned urbanization. Inland wetlands are very delicate ecosystems and encompass a variety of water bodies, namely ponds, rivers, swamps, etc. They house some unique floristic patterns that are crucial in the primary productivity and maintaining a balance of the wetland ecosystem. In addition to it, the inland water bodies are also productive and are of immense importance to humans. The inland wetlands are also an integral part of boosting the economy of the region as they support a number of industries including fishing and recreation. Thus pollution of water bodies has impacted the human race in a deleterious manner. This chapter is an attempt to overview the inland water bodies, their biodiversity pattern, pollution, and their effect on flora at large.
A ANÁLISE DO RISCO DE QUEDAS EM IDOSOS SUBMETIDOS A AVALIAÇÃO DA MOBILIDADE, EQUILÍBRIO E MARCHA
Authors:   Centro Universitário Ingá, Tomaz Ana Carolina de Souza , Silva Gislaine da ,   Centro Universitário Ingá - Uningá, Fabiano Lilian Catarin , Fernandes Simone ,   Centro Universitário Ingá - Uningá, Dei Tos Débora ,   Centro Universitário Ingá - Uningá
Published: December 2021

O processo de envelhecimento colabora para o declínio funcional e consequentemente gera alterações de equilíbrio e marcha. A análise de equilíbrio e marcha contribui para verificar o perfil e situações de risco de quedas em idosos, evento esse considerado um problema de saúde pública. Este trabalho teve como objetivo correlacionar a mobilidade, o equilíbrio e a marcha com o risco de quedas em idosos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com os idosos frequentadores da clínica escola de fisioterapia do centro universitário Ingá - UNINGÁ, na área de saúde do idoso. O estudo teve como critérios de inclusão, idosos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos e que aceitassem participar da pesquisa através do preenchimento por escrito do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Foram excluídos pacientes que não realizavam a marcha sem o auxílio de outra pessoa e aqueles que não tinham cognitivo preservado para compreender os questionários. O Índice de Vulnerabilidade Cinético Funcional (IVCF-20) foi utilizado para avaliar a vulnerabilidade funcional e a escala de Tinetti para a análise da marcha e equilíbrio. Os achados apresentados no índice do IVCF-20 e na escala de Tinetti, revelam um maior risco de quedas em mulheres idosas e com idade mais avançada, pois, essas apresentam maior déficit funcional e restrição de mobilidade e equilíbrio. Diante dos resultados do presente estudo, a prevenção é realizada visando reduzir os problemas complementares sucessivos a quedas e assegurar ao idoso um processo de senilidade com melhor qualidade de vida.
Estimating Socio-Cultural Services of Coastal Wetlands: A Case of Negombo Lagoon in Sri Lanka
Authors: Guruge T. P. S. R. , Jayasinghe-Mudalige Udith K. , Premarathne S. P. , Weerakoon D.
Published: December 2021

Knowledge on social and cultural systems is essential for comprehensive understanding of ecosystem changes, monitoring biodiversity, development and implementation of resource management strategies. Social values of coastal landscapes reveal the attributes of locations and their relative importance for people. Aim of the study was to evaluate the cultural services and derive the monetary value of social landscape through valuing socio-cultural services of Negombo lagoon. A discrete choice experiment approach was used to estimate the individual’s preference towards social landscape by incorporating featured attributes. The individual preference was expressed through the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) by integrating a monetary attribute into choice sets. Thus, the MWTP or the implicit price of social landscape attributes included in the choice task was estimated and then the total social landscape value was derived as 13,055 LKR per monthly per household. The social landscape values of Negombo lagoon demonstrated the important ecological, and socio-cultural knowledge, which should be integrated as guiding policies in ecosystem conservation and management strategies. Further, the challenging management paradigm for coastal and marine landscape of Negombo lagoon, and associated services should contain not only the biological and physical benefits but also socio- cultural values too.
Histochemistry for nanomedicine: Novelty in tradition
Authors: Malatesta Manuela
Published: December 2021

During the last two centuries, histochemistry has provided significant advancements in many fields of life sciences. After a period of neglect due to the great development of biomolecular techniques, the histochemical approach has been reappraised and is now widely applied in the field of nanomedicine. In fact, the novel nanoconstructs intended for biomedical purposes must be visualized to test their interaction with tissue and cell components. To this aim, several long-established staining methods have been re-discovered and re-interpreted in an unconventional way for unequivocal identification of nanoparticulates at both light and transmission electron microscopy.
Examination of hepato-renal functions and lipid panel among pregnant women with preeclampsia in Sétif, Algeria
Authors: Bourouba Romyla , Benantar Kaouthar , Ayati Chaima , Hedna Lina , Gherbi Kenza , Djabi Farida
Published: December 2021

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem pregnancy disease inflecting maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. This case-control study aims to determine the biochemical changes in lipid profile, hepatic and renal functions among sixty late-onset preeclamptic women compared to sixty age-matching normotensive pregnant women from the Maternity Hospital in Sétif, Algeria. Several biomarkers were collected and have been determined by appropriate kits. Association between various parameters was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, with significance at p<0.05. The PE women showed a significant increase in serum aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, as well as total cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels. However, a significant decrease in platelets, total protein, albumin, and plasma sodium levels was found in PE group. A positive correlation between aminotransferases and renal biomarkers was observed. PE has deleterious effects on liver and renal functions, and complication’s progression could be predicted by evaluating hepatic and renal biomarkers as well as lipid profile. Further studies on maternal and neonatal outcomes in cases of PE are needed for a better understanding of this disease’s pathophysiology in Algeria.
Feasibility of Conducting a Virtual Exit Exam in Neurosurgery During the SARS-COV19 Pandemic
Authors: Salunke Pravin , Sahoo Sushanta Kumar , Chacko Ari G , Baishya Basant K , Tripathi Manjul , Chabbra Rajesh , Karthigeyan Madhivanan , Aggarwal Ashish , Singh Apinderpreet , Gupta Sunil Kumar
Published: December 2021

Background:

Skills assessment forms an integral part of the exit examination in neurosurgical training programs. The established method of evaluating trainees for their clinical knowledge and surgical proficiency in the operating room is not feasible in the current time of SARS-COV19 pandemic.

Objective:

The feasibility of conducting such an assessment using case modules on an online meeting platform is discussed.

Methods:

Six candidates were evaluated on two consecutive days with two internal examiners located at the examination site and two external examiners situated at their own institutions elsewhere in the country. Clinical details, including images and videos of patients managed at our institute were recorded and provided to the candidates as case modules. Four sessions were conducted in the form of long and short cases, operative neurosurgery, neuroradiology, and neuropathology and a general viva-voce using “Zoom” (Zoom-Video-Communications, Inc. USA) platform. Feedback from the examinee and the examiners were obtained for any modification in the current format.

Result:

The online platform worked well without any interruption except for slight lag in the audio-visual system and occasional difficulty in using microphone and screen simultaneously. Trainees were able to interpret the clinical details and rated this format close to actual clinical evaluation. The examiners uniformly agreed that the online format for assessment was satisfactory and made some suggestions for improvement.

Conclusion:

Clinical and surgical skill evaluation is feasible using case modules and online meeting platforms. Use of original patient's data, images, videos demonstrating clinical signs, and operative procedures makes this assessment more objective.
Hypodensities within Hematoma is Time-Dependent and Predicts Outcome after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Vedartham Veena , Kesav Praveen , Maniangatt Sinchu , Nagesh Chinmay , Sreedharan Sapna Erat , Jayadevan ER , Sarma Sankara , Sylaja PN
Published: December 2021

Background:

Non-contrast CT (NCCT) brain imaging biomarkers of hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has gained relevance in recent times. Though intra-hematoma hypodensities (IHH) can predict hematoma expansion and outcome, it is postulated to be time-dependent.

Aim:

To assess the differential prevalence of IHH in spontaneous ICH over time and assess its predictive valve in early hematoma expansion and functional outcome at 3 months.

Material and Methods:

Patients with ICH within 48 h of stroke onset were included. Baseline clinical and demographic data were collected. Baseline NCCT brain was analyzed for hematoma volume, characterization of IHH, with 24-hours follow-up NCCT hematoma volume calculated for identification of hematoma expansion. Poor functional outcome was defined as mRS ≥3.

Results:

Around 92 subjects were included in the study. IHH was found in 40%. Prevalence of IHH was higher in those with baseline NCCT performed within 3 h of symptom onset compared to those beyond 3 h (71% vs 29%, P = 0.002). The hematoma expansion was more common in patients with IHH compared to those without (54% vs 29%; P = 0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed the presence of IHH (rather than pattern or number) to be strongly associated with poor functional outcome at 3 months (OR 3.86; 95% CI: 1.11–13.42, P = 0.03).

Conclusion:

There is a decreasing prevalence of IHH as the time from symptom onset to NCCT increases. Nevertheless, its presence is significantly associated with hematoma expansion and predicted poor short-term functional outcomes in spontaneous ICH.
Fear of Falling
Authors: Albay Vasfiye Burcu , Tutuncu Mesude
Published: December 2021

Background:

Fear of falling (FOF) is a serious problem in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD) which increases mortality and affects Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL).

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of FOF on HRQoL in IPD.

Methods:

84 controls and 87 IPD patients were compared by means of Fall Efficacy Scale (FES), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC Scale), Impact Of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Parkinson Disease Specific Quality of Life Scale (PDQ-39). Then, patients were divided into two subgroups such as patients with FOF (Group 2a) and patients without FOF (Group 2b) by FES. Groups were compared in terms of BBS, ABC Scale, IES-R, BDI, BAI, PDQ-39. Independent factors affecting HRQoL were measured.

Results:

FOF was higher in IPD patients than controls. Female sex, previous falls, off periods, hallucinations, urge incontinence were significantly higher in Group 2a. However, RBD, dyskinesia, daytime somnolence and FOG were not different in IPD patients whether they have FOF or not. FOF was mostly correlated to disability level and disease severity. In addition, UPDRS and FOF were found to be independent factors affecting HRQoL in IPD.

Conclusions:

Clinicians should be aware that FOF can be detected in IPD patients, who are female, depressed or anxious, who had more severe disease with off periods, urge incontinence, hallucinations and previous falls. FOF should be questioned in every IPD patients because it is an independent factor which affects HRQoL of IPD patients.
Applicability of Compensatory Cognitive Training in Epilepsy to Low Resource and Literacy Settings
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Nehra Ashima , Tripathi Manjari
Published: December 2021

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, accounting for over 13 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Nearly 80% of people with epilepsy live in low- and middle-income countries (WHO, 2019). Rehabilitation of cognitive impairments through compensatory training in such patients encompasses a wide range of techniques. However, interventional studies exploring their efficacy remain scarce despite being recommended in various reviews. Further, cultural contexts and other related factors have often been overlooked. We aimed to appraise the existing evidence on internal and external compensatory strategies in patients with epilepsy and identify the gaps and pitfalls in the existing literature for applicability to low resource and literacy settings from a neuropsychological perspective.
Hydrocephalus
Authors: Tandon Prakash N
Published: December 2021

This is a personal account of evolution of knowledge about the etio-pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of over three decades as a student and later a professional neurosurgeon. This reflects an historical perspective on the subject not withstanding the tremendous advances that have taken place in the field. It is regrettable that a successful management of hydrocephalus leave aside its cure, still eludes us.
The Leftover Shunts - Ventriculosubgaleal, and Ventriculocholecystal Shunts
Authors: Chatterjee Sandip
Published: December 2021

The two shunts that are performed much less and are included here for completeness are the ventriculosubgaleal shunt and the ventriculocholecystal shunt. The ventriculosubgaleal shunt is an established treatment of hydrocephalus following germinal matrix hemorrhage in low-birth-weight neonates. It is also used in the treatment of post-infective hydrocephalus in children. In our institution protocol, we have used this shunt in a wide variety of indications, especially in children below six months of age. Ventriculocholecystal shunts are very much a salvage shunts when all else fails.
A Brief Review of Ventriculoatrial and Ventriculopleural Shunts
Authors: Yerragunta Thirumal , Manda Vijaya Sekhar , Yerramneni Vamshi Krishna , Kanala Ram Nath Reddy
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Alternate approaches such as ventriculoatrial (VA) or ventriculopleural (VPL) procedures still have a place in the surgical armamentarium for patients with recurrent ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt failures related to defective absorption, infections, or frequent malfunctions.

Methods:

We reviewed the literature and our experience with these techniques, and offered suggestions for safely performing these operations. Historical perspectives were also included to facilitate an improved understanding of the technical developments.

Results:

Our findings and the available medical literature suggest VA and VPL options are safe and effective alternatives for managing the complex patient with hydrocephalus. Potential issues and complications were discussed along the technical advances for a safer operation.

Conclusion:

The VA and VPL options should be considered for patients with recurrent VP shunt issues. They are safe and effective options for managing complex hydrocephalus patients.
Management of Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus
Authors: Nayak Naren , Sankhla Suresh K
Published: December 2021

Background:

Although there are several successful treatment options available today, the optimal management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) still remains undetermined.

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of contemporary treatment methods and to define current evidence-based management for PHH in premature infants.

Material and Methods:

Literature was reviewed to identify and analyze merits and demerits of the currently available temporizing measures and definitive treatment for premature low-birth weight babies with PHH.

Results and Conclusions:

Advances in treatment and increased experience have led to redefinition of treatment goals to optimize cognitive neurodevelopment, and quality of life in these premature infants with PHH. Current literature favors early diagnosis and intervention using temporizing measures, and prevention of future complications of PHH with a permanent CSF diversion method such as ventricular shunting or endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
Cervico Medullary Junction “Intramedullary Schwannoma” Masquerading As Glioma
Authors: Dandpat Saswat K , Tripathi Manjul , Kaur Gurwinder , Radotra Bishan D , Joshi Amit , Mohindra Sandeep
Published: December 2021

Background:

Intramedullary schwannomas (IS) at cervicomedullary junction (CMJ) are exceedingly uncommon. There is hardly any clinicoradiological marker for preoperative diagnosis and prognostication.

Case:

We report a case of a 17-year-old boy with progressive spastic quadriparesis of six months duration. On radiology, there was a contrast-enhancing lesion expanding the cord extending from the medulla to C5 level. During surgery, the cord was expanded and the tumor was eccentric. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were suggestive of schwannoma. In view of the ill-defined plane of separation from the normal neural tissue, only subtotal resection could be achieved.

Conclusion:

Schwannoma should be considered as a remote differential of intramedullary lesions. The extent of resection should be tailored according to the plane of dissection and intraoperative neuromonitoring guidance. Though a masquerader, schwannoma carries better prognosis than rest of the pathologies.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Presenting as a Ring-Enhancing Lesion on MR imaging
Authors: Wang Zhongkui , Chen Yuping , Tang Ke , Wang Wei
Published: December 2021

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare form of venous thromboembolism. The presentation of symptoms is highly variable in this disease. The findings on MRI vary depending on the age of the thrombus within the vessel. We report a 53-year-old male patient with CVT who presented with a sudden-onset grand mal seizure and limb paralysis. Primary MRI presented long T1 long T2 signals, persistent high signals on DWI and ADC maps in the cortex of right frontal lobe. Contrast-enhanced MR detected a lesion with ring-like enhancement in right frontal lobe. His symptoms were significantly improved with anticoagulant therapy of Warfarin. Our findings represent the description of abnormal MRI contrast enhancing tumor-like masses. CVT should be added to the differential diagnosis of supratentorial ring-enhancing lesions.
The Effect of the Activation of the Core Muscles on Tremor in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Usta Ayşegül , Salcı1 Yeliz , Yildiz Fatma Gökcem , Çakmaklı Gül Yalçın , Armutlu Kadriye
Published: December 2021

Background:

Trunk stabilization is important in providing postural control and extremity movements, and is maintained by the muscles called “core”.

Objective:

The aim of this report was to demonstrate the effect of core muscles contraction on upper extremity tremor.

Materials and Methods:

A 22-year-old Multiple Sclerosis patient with right extremity ataxia was included in this report. Scale of Assessment and Rating Ataxia (SARA), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Accelerometric Tremorogram and Purdue Peg Board Test (PPBT) were performed. Assessments were made with and without the core muscles contraction.

Results:

The total score of SARA decreased from 16 to 14 due to the reduction of dysmetria and tremor scores. Tremor amplitude decreased with contraction in tremorogram. At the 1st position, the tremor amplitude changed from -14.6 before the contraction to -18.3 after the contraction. At position 2, 6 Hz tremor was disappeared with contraction. In the PPBT, ataxic extremity performance increased from 5 to 7.

Conclusion:

Contraction of core muscles reduced postural tremor and improved upper extremity performance. It should be considered planning the training program of ataxic MS patients.
High Prevalence and Low Awareness of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Suburban Community in Shanghai
Authors: Yang Juan , Zhao Xiaohui , Sui Haijing , Liu Xueyuan
Published: December 2021

Background:

The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), herein China, was without involving the suburban communities, where the awareness of MCI still remains extremely weak.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of MCI in the Chinese residents aged ≥65 in the suburban communities of Shanghai, China, and study the awareness of MCI in terms of its symptom, prevention, and intervention.

Methods:

A total of 925 suburban community residents aged ≥65 were evaluated with a series of clinical examinations and scale questionnaire, and 600 participated in a five-dimension questionnaire survey pertaining to the awareness of MCI.

Results:

The prevalence of MCI was up to 29.8% and of dementia was 11.1%, respectively. A difference was observed among the three groups of dementia, MCI, and normal in each dimension of age, gender, education, being widowed, and living with the next generation (P < 0.05). The degree of cognitive impairment was linearly correlated with age (P < 0.001). The prevalence of MCI was higher in the females (P < 0.001), in the group of low educational level (P < 0.001), in the widowed residents (P < 0.01), and in those who did not live with their next generations (P < 0.01). The family's concern for MCI symptoms in the elderly accounted for 60%; the awareness rate of MCI symptoms, 25.5%; the awareness rate of MCI prevention, 15.5%; and the rate of taking MCI seniors to the doctor, 32%.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of MCI in the suburban communities of Shanghai was high but the awareness of MCI was low.
The urgent need for diagnostic criteria and further understanding of burnout syndrome
Authors: King Jeffrey , AlJneibi Noof , King Renee
Published: December 2021

The term burnout is widely used and accepted worldwide, but its existence as a distinct clinical entity remains poorly understood and is the source of controversy within academic circles. The existence or nonexistence of burnout has significant implications for individuals, families, organizations, communities, and societies. There is an urgent need for further descriptive research to determine consensus-driven diagnostic criteria that will aid in high-quality research to guide nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment and to aid in the development of individual, organizational, and societal prevention strategies. This urgency is driven by recent changes in the occupational-social contract and highlighted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. To address this need, the authors performed a narrative, nonsystematic review to obtain an overview of the current body of literature regarding the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of burnout symptoms. A literature search was conducted in PubMed for relevant articles in English since 1974 with the following search terms: “occupational burnout,” “professional burnout,” “career burnout,” “assessment,” “inventory,” “measure,” “instrument,” “diagnosis,” “treatment,” “guideline” in different combinations. Hand searching was also performed. Retrieved records were reviewed, and the relevant studies were summarized. Burnout, whether a distinct clinical entity or an occupationally triggered manifestation of an already defined mental health condition, is an urgent public health priority. There is peril in waiting for a follow-on epidemic of its manifestations before embarking on high-quality research into diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prevention, as this takes time. However, this information is vital for individual practitioners, health-care systems, governments, and societies to meet this pressing need.
Associations of Earphone Use with Tinnitus and Anxiety/Depression
Authors: Choi Jay Hyug , Park Sung Su , Kim So Young
Published: December 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the association of earphone use with audiologic and psychologic factors.

Materials and methods:

Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2012 data were collected for participants aged ≥12 years old with earphone use ≥1 hour/day. They were matched to a control group for age, sex, income, and education level. The relationship between earphone use and the hearing thresholds of pure-tone audiometry, tinnitus, and psychologic factors such as depression and anxiety, and other quality of life variables was analyzed using multiple logistic regression tests with complex sampling.

Results:

Among the participants, 22.9% (449/1955) of earphone users and 18.1% (355/1600) of control participants had tinnitus (P < 0.001). Earphone users showed 1.27-times higher odds for tinnitus (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.50, P = 0.003). Moreover, 6.5% (128/1955) of earphone users and 5.0% (97/1600) of control participants had anxiety and depressive symptoms (P = 0.033). Earphone users showed 1.32-times higher odds for anxiety and depressive symptoms (95% CI = 1.14–1.52, P = 0.040). Nevertheless, the hearing thresholds were comparable between earphone users and control participants.

Conclusion:

Earphone use was associated with tinnitus and anxiety or depressive symptoms.
Analysis of Studies in Tinnitus-Related Gene Research
Authors: Li Zhi-cheng , Fang Bi-xing , Yuan Lian-xiong , Zheng Ke , Wu Shi-xin , Zhong Nanbert , Zeng Xiang-li
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Summarize and analyze the current research results of tinnitus-related genes, explore the potential links between the results of each study, and provide reference for subsequent studies.

Methods:

Collect and sort out the research literature related to tinnitus genes included in PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform before December 31, 2019. Then the relevant contents of the literature were sorted out and summarized.

Results:

Fifty-one articles were finally selected for analysis: 31 articles (60.8%) were classified as researches on animal models of tinnitus, and 20 (39.2%) as researches on tinnitus patients. Existing studies have shown that genes related to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, nerve excitation/inhibition, and nerve growth are differentially expressed in tinnitus patients or animal models, and have presented the potential links between genes or proteins in the occurrence and development of tinnitus.

Conclusion:

The research on tinnitus-related genes is still in the exploratory stage, and further high-quality research evidence is needed.
Еще раз о разреженных вершинных полуграфах в графах без треугольников
Authors: Razborov Alexander Alexandrovich
Published: December 2021

Одна из гипотез Эрдeша утверждает, что в каждом графе без треугольников на $n$ вершинах есть индуцированный подграф на $n/2$ вершинах с не более чем $n^2/50$ ребрами. Мы представляем несколько частных результатов в направлении этой гипотезы. Среди прочего установлена новая оценка $27n^2/1024$ на число ребер в общем случае. Мы полностью доказываем гипотезу для графов обхвата $\geqslant 5$, для графов с числом независимости $\geqslant 2n/5$, а также для сильно регулярных графов. Каждый из этих трех классов включает обе известные (предположительно) экстремальные конфигурации: цикл на пяти вершинах и граф Петерсена.
Библиография: 21 название.
Association between Health Literacy, Self-care Behavior, and Blood Sugar Level among Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Rural Thai Communities
Authors: Suksatan Wanich , Prabsangob Kantapong , Choompunuch Bovornpot
Published: December 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major problem worldwide. Moreover, older patients with significantly limited health literacy (HL) tend to have worse self-care behaviors and health outcomes. This study aimed to describe the associations of HL, self-care behavior, and blood sugar levels among older patients with type 2 diabetes in rural Thai communities.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 415 patients with diabetes who were purposively selected from rural Thai communities. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Spearman rho, and stepwise multiple linear regression. Results: The results revealed that most participants were women (66.50%). The respondents had moderate overall HL (2.68±0.64). On average, the respondents had fair overall self-care behavior (4.0±0.33). We discovered that HL was significantly positively correlated with self-care behavior (r=0.90) but not with blood sugar level. In addition, self-care behavior was significantly negatively correlated with blood sugar level (r=-0.50). Self-care behaviors and blood sugar levels were significant predictors of HL in patients with type 2 diabetes (total variance, 28.4%).Conclusion: The results suggested increased HL in patients with diabetes would improve self-care behavior and, consequently, decrease their blood sugar level. Our findings indicate the need to involve nurses and multidisciplinary healthcare teams when developing health promotion programs to encourage blood sugar control.
Thermal plasticity of growth and chain formation of the dinoflagellates Alexandrium affine and Alexandrium pacificum with respect to ocean acidification
Authors: Lee Chung Hyeon , Min Juhee , Lee Hyun-Gwan , Kim Kwang Young
Published: December 2021

The amount of CO2 absorbed by the oceans continues to rise, resulting in further acidification, altering some functional traits of phytoplankton. To understand the effect of elevated partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) on functional traits of dinoflagellates Alexandrium affine and A. pacificum, the cardinal temperatures and chain formation extent were examined under two pCO2 (400 and 1,000 μatm) over the range of temperature expected to be associated with growth. The growth rate and chain formation extent of A. affine increased with higher pCO2, showing significant changes in cardinal temperatures and a substantial increase in middle chain-length (4‒8 cells) fractionation under elevated pCO2 condition. By contrast, there were no significant differences in specific growth rate and any chain-length fractionation of A. pacificum between ambient and elevated pCO2 conditions. The observed interspecies variation in the functional traits may reflect differences in ability of species to respond to environmental change with plasticity. Moreover, it allows us to understand the shifting biogeography of marine phytoplankton and predict their phenology in the Korea Strait.
Развитие антимонопольного регулирования в зарубежных государствах: опыт Швейцарии
Authors: Соловьёв А.А.
Published: December 2021

Автор исследует опыт правового регулирования антимонопольной деятельности в Швейцарской Конфедерации. В частности, изучается современное состояние законодательства Швейцарии в области защиты конкуренции, анализируются релевантные нормы Союзной Конституции страны, дается характеристика двум основным нормативным правовым актам в этой области: Союзным законам «О картелях и о других ограничениях конкуренции» и «О воспрепятствовании недобросовестной конкуренции». Также рассматривается процесс эволюции антимонопольного законодательства Швейцарии с конца XIX в. и до наших дней. Отдельное внимание уделено основам правового статуса Комиссии по конкуренции.
К вопросу о понятии и сущности принципа справедливости в российском праве
Authors: Шилов А.В.
Published: December 2021

В статье на основе обще- и частнонаучных подходов раскрывается понятие принципа справедливости, в том числе его признаки (критерии) и содержание. Аргументируется необходимость определения справедливости в качестве основного принципа российского права.
Определение применимого права к отношениям, связанным с облачными вычислениями
Authors: Крашенинникова М.И.
Published: December 2021

На сегодняшний день использование облачных технологий становится невероятно актуальным для развития предпринимательской деятельности и оптимизации затрат. В условиях роста мирового рынка облачных вычислений возникает множество новых юридических проблем как в материальном, так и в процессуальном праве. Данная статья посвящена вопросам определения применимого права к отношениям, связанным с облачными вычислениями. Особое внимание уделяется договорным отношениям, одной из сторон которых является потребитель. Участие слабой стороны, как активной, так и пассивной, предполагает применение наиболее выгодных императивных норм объективного договорного статута. На основе зарубежной практики автор выделил модель определения круга пассивных потребителей, преобладающую в мире, — теория нацеленной деятельности, которая позволяет локализовать правоотношение, связанное с заключением договора в сети Интернет.
Пределы правовой квалификации материально-правовых требований судом (к вопросу о границах принципа диспозитивности в цивилистическом процессе)
Authors: Руженкова Е.А.
Published: December 2021

Традиционно определение предмета и основания иска относят к числу распорядительных прав сторон в гражданском и арбитражном процессе. Одновременно с этим выбор ненадлежащего способа защиты своего права нередко становится причиной отказа в удовлетворении предъявленных требований. В настоящем исследовании предпринята попытка определения границ полномочий суда в части переквалификации требований, изначально заявленных участниками судебного разбирательства. Сделан вывод о принципиальной допустимости такой переквалификации и предложены критерии для определения ее границ.
Potential classification of Smart Village – Smart Economy with Deep Learning methods
Authors: Runanto Runanto , Mislahudin Muhammad Fahmi , Alfiansyah Fauzan Azmi , Maisun Taqiyyah Maudy Khairunnisa , Tosida Eneng Tita
Published: December 2021

Development gap in the city and village is still happening on Indonesia. It happened because of the massive urbanization factors. Poverty in the Indonesian villages are relatively higher than on the urbans. In order to reach the maximal city development, Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration of Indonesia created a sustainable village development program namely Village’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and optimized the village potential data. This study aimed to design the smart village – smart economy classification system by using deep learning methods on village potential data on Indonesia at 2020. The method used in this study is data mining processes namely KDD (Knowledge Discovery and Data mining). The result in this study showed the best models were obtained which consisting of 2 hidden layers and each layer is 128, 128 layers which using target class from the process of calculating the score is able to reach 94.93% of the accuracy from the training process and 96% on the testing process and succeeded to classify the potentials of smart village – smart economy.
The Effects of Monetary Variables on the Growth of Small and Medium Industry in Aceh Province
Authors: Fijay Ade Habya , Silvia Vivi , Seftarita Chenny
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of inflation, bank credit, and SMI investment on the growth of small and medium industries in Aceh Province. This study uses panel data consisting of 23 districts/cities in Aceh Province during the period 2014 to 2020. The analysis model used in this study is a panel data regression model. The results found in this study are variables that have a significant effect on the growth of SMIs in Aceh Province are inflation and investment in SMIs. Meanwhile, the banking credit variable has not had a statistically significant effect on the growth of SMIs. The inflation variable has a negative and significant effect on the growth of SMIs so that uncontrolled inflation will have a negative impact on the growth of SMIs. Meanwhile, SMI investment has a positive and significant impact on the growth of SMIs so that various targeted investment policies are needed so that they can support the development of SMIs in Aceh Province.
Artuklu’da 19. Yüzyıldan Günümüze Cumbalı Bir Yapı: Ferit Koç Evi Restorasyon Önerisi
Authors: GENÇ Süleyman , KARADAYI YENİCE Tülay
Published: December 2021

Mardin, Mezopotamya coğrafyasında birçok uygarlığa kucak açmış ve günümüzde bu kültürlerin izlerini taşıyan kozmopolit bir kenttir. Organik kurgudaki sokakları ve Mezopotamya ovasına bakan yerleşim dokusu nedeniyle oldukça karmaşık bir planlamaya sahiptir. Arazi koşulları göz önüne alındığında eğimli bir yapıya sahip olan Mardin’de yerleşim, araziye ve komşu yapıya saygı gösterecek şekilde yapılmıştır. Mardin ve civarında bulunan sivil mimarlık örnekleri 19. ve 20. yüzyıllara tarihlendirilmektedir. Ferit Koç Evi Mardin’de günümüze kadar yıkılmadan ayakta kalabilmiş kültürün taşa işlendiği önemli yapılarından bir tanesidir. Tarihi Mardin kentsel sit alanı içerisinde yer alan yapı 1979 yılında tescil edilmiştir. Yapıda yapılan incelemeler neticesinde günümüzün konfor şartlarını karşılayamadığı ve uygunsuz onarımlar sonucu zarar gördüğü tespit edilmiştir. Hatalı onarımların yanında sorunların büyük bir kısmının terk nedeniyle olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Yapının Mezopotamya’ya bakan güney cephesinde cumba bulunmaktadır ve Mardin’deki iki yapıdan biri olma özelliğine sahiptir. Çalışma sonucunda evin zaman içerisinde zarar gören yerleri tespit edilmiş ve gerekli müdahale kararları verilmiştir. Projede süreç içerisinde yok olan veya değişen kapı pencere kasaları, süslemeler ve kopan parçalar benzer dönem örnekleri göz önüne alınarak tamamlanmıştır.
Semiotic Analysis of the Animation Film Soul
Authors: ISLAM Asadul , İNCİRKUŞ Buşra
Published: December 2021

Animation films connect both children and adults in a comprehensive way that sometimes live-action films abstain to do so. The visually rich narrative structures in these films allow diverse interpretations and understandings of the subliminal messages. Such interpretive potential of uniqueness in ideas and visual languages in cinematic spaces is rarely investigated in the semiotic context. The aim of the study is to aesthetically analyze and comprehend the meanings of the visual information from the animation film Soul by understanding the main character Joe Gardner’s journey. In the first segment of the research, all of the characters’ personalities from inner and outer appearance were analyzed and their relation in the film’s narration was discussed. In the second segment of the research, a total of 10 scenes were selected for semiotics analysis based on an indicator, indicative and indicated structure. Furthermore, straight and side meanings of the selected scenes were described. A significant positive relationship was identified between Joe Gardner and his pursuit of the meaning of life. The analysis revealed that the true meaning of life is in finding happiness from small things. Thus, this film’s findings explain the thin line between choices and seeing things from different perspectives.
The Growth and Survival of The European lobster (Hommarus gammarus) Larvae in Pseudo-Green Water and Clear Water Under Low Density Conditions
Authors: ÖNAL Umur , BAKİ Hakan
Published: December 2021

The European lobster, Hommarus gammarus, is a commercially important species in Europe. Despite successful stock enhancement programs during the last two decades, culture methods of H. gammarus are still in progress. In this study, the effects of pseudo-green water technique and clear water technique with lower stocking densities on the growth and survival of H. gammarus larvae during stages I-IV were investigated. All larvae were reared in 800 L cylindro-conical tanks with a stocking density of 1.25 larvae/L at a temperature of 17.1±1 oC and a salinity of 32±1 ppt. Lobster larvae were fed with enriched Artemia at a density of 3-5 naupli/ml for a period of 10 (09:30 am- 19:30 pm) hours. Daily additions of concentrated algae increased turbidity and reduced visibility in tanks compared to clear water conditions. Results showed that growth of lobster larvae were not significantly different among treatments during planktonic stages I-IV (p>0.05). Overall mean survival rate was only 3% with no significant differences between treatments. Increased turbidity and lower stocking density did not improve survival rates. Further studies are required to develop methods that will promote higher survival rates during the pelagic stages of lobster larvae.