bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Adult Health Care–Based Pediatric to Adult Transition Program for Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Agarwal Shivani , Raymond Jennifer K. , Schutta Mark H. , Cardillo Serena , Miller Victoria A. , Long Judith A.
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to evaluate an adult health care program model for emerging adults with type 1 diabetes transitioning from pediatric to adult care.

Methods

Evaluation of the Pediatric to Adult Diabetes Transition Clinic at the University of Pennsylvania included a cohort of 72 emerging adults with type 1 diabetes, ages 18 to 25 years. Data were extracted from transfer summaries and the electronic medical record, including sociodemographic, clinical, and follow-up characteristics. Pre- and postprogram assessment at 6 months included mean daily blood glucose monitoring frequency (BGMF) and glycemic control (A1C). Paired t tests were used to examine change in outcomes from baseline to 6 months, and multiple linear regression was utilized to adjust outcomes for baseline A1C or BGMF, sex, diabetes duration, race, and insulin regimen. Open-ended survey responses were used to assess acceptability amongst participants.

Results

From baseline to 6 months, mean A1C decreased by 0.7% (8 mmol/mol), and BGMF increased by 1 check per day. Eighty-eight percent of participants attended ≥2 visits in 6 months, and the program was rated highly by participants and providers (pediatric and adult).

Conclusions

This study highlights the promise of an adult health care program model for pediatric to adult diabetes transition.
Obtaining Fixed Effects for Between-Within Designs in Explanatory Longitudinal Item Response Models Using Mplus
Authors: Cho Sun-Joo , Suh Youngsuk
Published: November 2016

Between-within designs that include a person group (i.e., a between-subjects factor) and repeated measures of binary responses over time (i.e., a within-subjects factor) are common in educational and psychological research. This software note describes how explanatory item response models can be specified to analyze longitudinal item-level data to detect fixed effects in Mplus for between-within designs. In particular, a necessary parameter transformation is illustrated in detail to obtain the fixed effects in Mplus.
Home Parenteral Nutrition in Adult Patients With Chronic Intestinal Failure: Catheter‐Related Complications Over 4 Decades at the Main Danish Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Brandt Christopher Filtenborg , Tribler Siri , Hvistendahl Mark , Naimi Rahim M. , Brøbech Per , Staun Michael , Jeppesen Palle Bekker
Published: November 2016

Background/Aims: Catheter‐related complications (CRCs) cause mortality and morbidity in patients dependent on parenteral support at home (HPN) due to intestinal failure (IF). This study describes the incidences of CRCs in an adult IF cohort over 40 years. It illustrates the evolution and consequences of CRCs, their association to demographic characteristics, and potential risk factors in an effort to provide the rationale for preventive precautions to the relevant patients with IF at risk. Methods: All patients with IF discharged with HPN from 1970–2010 were included. Patient and treatment characteristics were extracted from the Copenhagen IF database. The incidences were given per 1000 central venous catheter (CVC) days. Results: The 1715 CRCs occurred in 70% of the 508 patients with IF (56% of the 2191 CVCs). The incidence of catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) was 1.43. Higher age, HPN administration by community home nurses, and prior CRBSIs significantly raised the hazard for CRBSIs. In the 1970s, catheters were generally replaced following CRBSIs, whereas catheter salvage was the norm in the 2000s. The incidences of mechanical complications, tunnel infections, and catheter‐related venous thromboses were 0.80, 0.25, and 0.11, respectively. The overall CRC incidence was 2.58, decreasing the first 3 decades but peaking in the last (2.84). The deaths related to CRCs were low (0.018). Conclusion: Even in an experienced IF center of excellence, the incidence of CRCs increased over the 4 decades. This increase could be explained by the expansion of the indication of HPN to a more elderly and frail patient population.
Whole Body Protein Turnover and Net Protein Balance After Pediatric Thoracic Surgery: A Noninvasive Single‐Dose 15N Glycine Stable Isotope Protocol With End‐Product Enrichment
Authors: Fullerton Brenna S. , Sparks Eric A. , Khan Faraz A. , Fisher Jeremy G. , Anzaldi Rocco , Scoville Michael R. , Yu Yong‐Ming , Wagner David A. , Jaksic Tom , Mehta Nilesh M.
Published: November 2016

Background: We used the 15N glycine urinary end‐product enrichment technique to quantify whole body protein turnover following thoracic surgery. Materials and Methods: A single dose of 15N glycine (2 mg/kg) was administered orally on postoperative day 1 to children (1–18 years) following thoracic surgery. 15N enrichment of ammonia and urea was measured in mixed urine after 12 and 24 hours, respectively, and protein synthesis, breakdown, and net balance determined. Nitrogen balance (dietary intake minus urinary excretion) was calculated. Urinary 3‐methylhistidine:creatinine ratio was measured as a marker of skeletal muscle protein breakdown. Results: We enrolled 19 subjects—median (interquartile range): age, 13.8 years (12.2–15.1); weight, 49.2 kg (38.4–60.8)—who underwent thoracotomy (n = 12) or thoracoscopic (n = 7) surgery. Protein synthesis and breakdown by 15N enrichment were 7.1 (5.5–9) and 7.1 (5.6–9) g·kg−1·d−1 with ammonia (12 hours) as the end product, and 5.8 (3.8–6.7) and 6.7 (4.5–7.6) with urea (24 hours), respectively. Net protein balance by the 15N glycine and urinary urea nitrogen methods were −0.34 (−0.47, −0.3) and −0.48 (−0.65, −0.28) g·kg−1·d−1, respectively (rs = 0.828, P < .001). Postoperative change in 3‐methylhistidine:creatinine ratio did not correlate significantly with protein breakdown or balance. Conclusion: The single‐dose oral administration of 15N glycine stable isotope with measurement of urinary end‐product enrichment is a feasible and noninvasive method to investigate whole body protein turnover in children. After major surgery, children manifest increased protein turnover and net negative balance due to increased protein breakdown.
Embracing Causal Complexity
Authors: Misangyi Vilmos F. , Greckhamer Thomas , Furnari Santi , Fiss Peer C. , Crilly Donal , Aguilera Ruth
Published: November 2016

Causal complexity has long been recognized as a ubiquitous feature underlying organizational phenomena, yet current theories and methodologies in management are for the most part not well-suited to its direct study. The introduction of the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) configurational approach has led to a reinvigoration of configurational theory that embraces causal complexity explicitly. We argue that the burgeoning research using QCA represents more than a novel methodology; it constitutes the emergence of a neo-configurational perspective to the study of management and organizations that enables a fine-grained conceptualization and empirical investigation of causal complexity through the logic of set theory. In this article, we identify four foundational elements that characterize this emerging neo-configurational perspective: (a) conceptualizing cases as set theoretic configurations, (b) calibrating cases’ memberships into sets, (c) viewing causality in terms of necessity and sufficiency relations between sets, and (d) conducting counterfactual analysis of unobserved configurations. We then present a comprehensive review of the use of QCA in management studies that aims to capture the evolution of the neo-configurational perspective among management scholars. We close with a discussion of a research agenda that can further this neo-configurational approach and thereby shift the attention of management research away from a focus on net effects and towards examining causal complexity.
Does Eliminating the Earnings Test Increase the Incidence of Low Income Among Older Women?
Authors: Figinski Theodore , Neumark David
Published: November 2016

Reducing or eliminating Social Security’s retirement earnings test (RET) can encourage labor supply of older individuals receiving benefits. However, these reforms can encourage earlier claiming of Social Security benefits, permanently lowering future benefits. We explore the consequences, for older women, of eliminating the RET from the full retirement age to age 69 (in 2000), relying on the intercohort variation in exposure to changes in the RET to estimate these effects. The evidence is consistent with the conclusion that eliminating the RET increased the likelihood of having very low incomes among women in their mid-70s and older—ages at which the lower benefits from claiming earlier could outweigh higher income in the earlier period when women or their husbands increased their labor supply.
Developing Stage-dependent Retinal Toxicity Induced by l-glutamate in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Mitori Hikaru , Izawa Takeshi , Kuwamura Mitsuru , Matsumoto Masahiro , Yamate Jyoji
Published: November 2016

The neurotransmitter glutamate causes excitotoxicity in the human retina. In neonatal rats, the degree of glutamate-induced retinal damage depends on age at administration. To elucidate the sensitivity to glutamate on various developing stage of retina, we investigated glutamate-induced retinal damage and glutamate target cells on each postnatal day (PND). Newborn rats received a single subcutaneous administration of l-glutamate on PNDs 1 to 14. Retinal cell apoptosis characterized as pyknotic and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP digoxigenin nick end labeling–positive nuclei was analyzed at 6 hr after treatment, and sequential morphological features of retina were evaluated on PND 21. The inner retina on PND 21 exhibited thinning in rats treated after PND 2. The thinning was most severe in rats treated on PND 8 and the number of apoptotic cells also peaked. No thinning was observed in rats treated on PND 14. In the inner nuclear layer, glutamate target cells were mainly amacrine cells; additionally, bipolar cells and horizontal cells were damaged on PND 8. These retinal changes were more severe in central retina than those in peripheral retina on PND 8. Our findings indicate the morphological consequences of glutamate-induced retinal excitotoxicity and glutamate target cells on each PND and reveal that glutamate-induced retinal damage depends on developing stage.
Immunological Variation Due to Genetics of Inflammatory SNPs and Age and Impact on Disease Manifestation
Authors: Burleson Gary R.
Published: November 2016

The immune system is a critical component in defense against viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal diseases. Immunological mechanisms, including immunological mediators, innate immunity, cell-mediated immunity, and humoral-mediated immunity, serve to maintain homeostasis and protect the host from disease. Immunological variation can impact defense mechanisms, however. Two factors in particular that can influence immune function are the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and aging. SNPs affecting inflammatory cytokines are an important modifier involved in a number of diseases such as asthma, periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, and osteoporosis. Age-related alterations to the immune system have also been studied and documented. The genetic makeup of different strains of mice and the age of these different strains cause large differences in susceptibility to infection, with influenza virus infection among the most widely studied. The mechanism of these differences due to either genetics or age is not known but can be investigated in strain- and age-specific infectious disease models.
Outcomes of Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery among the Elderly: Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Sylvester Michael J. , Shastri Darshan N. , Patel Viral M. , Raikundalia Milap D. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Baredes Soly , Ying Yu‐Lan Mary
Published: November 2016

Objective

To compare comorbidities and in‐hospital complications between elderly and nonelderly patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. To examine average length of stay (LOS) and hospital charges among elderly patients.

Study Design

Population‐based inpatient registry analysis.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

Retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample for patients undergoing VS surgery from 2002 to 2010: 4137 patients met inclusion criteria, with 519 (12.5%) in the elderly cohort (≥65 years). Outcomes of elderly and nonelderly (<65 years) patient cohorts were compared.

Results

Compared with the nonelderly cohort, the elderly cohort had more comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and pulmonary disease (all P <. 001). Elderly patients had longer LOS (6.5 vs 5.4 days; P =. 001) but did not incur significantly greater hospital charges. Rates of cerebrospinal fluid leak, meningitis, and facial nerve injury did not vary significantly between groups. The elderly cohort experienced higher rates of in‐hospital complications, including acute cardiac events, iatrogenic cerebrovascular infarction/hemorrhage, postoperative bleeding (hemorrhage/hematoma), and in‐hospital mortality (all P <. 05). In binary logistic regression, correcting for patient demographics and presence of comorbidities, elderly status was associated with 1.848 (95% confidence interval, 1.167‐2.927; P =. 009) greater odds of medical complications and 13.188 (95% confidence interval, 1.829‐95.113; P =. 011) greater odds of in‐hospital mortality.

Conclusion

Elderly patients undergoing VS surgery have more comorbidities, in‐hospital complications, and longer LOS than nonelderly patients. The elderly cohort had a greater rate of in‐hospital mortality, though rare. Interestingly, elderly patients did not have a higher rate of many known complications associated with VS surgery and did not incur more hospital charges.
Three‐Dimensional Printing and Its Applications in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Crafts Trevor D. , Ellsperman Susan E. , Wannemuehler Todd J. , Bellicchi Travis D. , Shipchandler Taha Z. , Mantravadi Avinash V.
Published: November 2016

Objective

Three‐dimensional (3D)‐printing technology is being employed in a variety of medical and surgical specialties to improve patient care and advance resident physician training. As the costs of implementing 3D printing have declined, the use of this technology has expanded, especially within surgical specialties. This article explores the types of 3D printing available, highlights the benefits and drawbacks of each methodology, provides examples of how 3D printing has been applied within the field of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery, discusses future innovations, and explores the financial impact of these advances.

Data Sources

Articles were identified from PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE.

Review Methods

PubMed and Ovid Medline were queried for English articles published between 2011 and 2016, including a few articles prior to this time as relevant examples. Search terms included 3‐dimensional printing, 3D printing, otolaryngology, additive manufacturing, craniofacial, reconstruction, temporal bone, airway, sinus, cost, and anatomic models.

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional printing has been used in recent years in otolaryngology for preoperative planning, education, prostheses, grafting, and reconstruction. Emerging technologies include the printing of tissue scaffolds for the auricle and nose, more realistic training models, and personalized implantable medical devices.

Implications for Practice

After the up‐front costs of 3D printing are accounted for, its utilization in surgical models, patient‐specific implants, and custom instruments can reduce operating room time and thus decrease costs. Educational and training models provide an opportunity to better visualize anomalies, practice surgical technique, predict problems that might arise, and improve quality by reducing mistakes.
Negative affective reaction to partner’s dominant behavior influences satisfaction with romantic relationship
Authors: Sadikaj Gentiana , Moskowitz D. S. , Zuroff David C.
Published: November 2016

Dominant behavior has been related to lower quality romantic relationships. The present study examined two processes through which dominant behavior affects the quality of romantic relationships: (1) the extent to which the partner’s dominance increases the person’s negative affect by thwarting the person’s sense of autonomy and (2) the degree to which the person’s negative affect in reaction to the partner’s dominant behavior affects relationship satisfaction. Using an event-contingent recording (ECR) methodology, 92 cohabiting couples reported their dominant behavior, negative affect, and autonomy in interactions with each other during 20 days. Relationship satisfaction was measured at the end of the ECR period. The results indicated that when a partner engages in dominant behavior, the person experiences greater negative affect in part due to a sense of thwarted autonomy and that greater negative affective reaction in association with the partner’s dominant behavior is related to lower relationship satisfaction in the person.
Integrating ‘weighted views’ to quantitative 3D visibility analysis as a predictive tool for perception of space
Authors: Fisher-Gewirtzman Dafna
Published: November 2016

The ability to predict the human perception of space in dense urban environments would have a vast impact on planning and design processes. Many analytical models, methods and tools have been developed to describe and predict human perception and behaviour in the urban environment, and academic papers have addressed the issue of the view in urban environments as a significant variant influencing perception and quality of life. In the present paper, we introduce the integration of weighted views (the relative impact of a view on a viewer) in a 3D Line of Sight visibility analysis as a predictive tool for perceptions of space focusing on ‘perceived density’. The integration of subjective qualitative information with objective measurements of the volume of visible space may bring evaluations closer to human perceptions of space. The research background consists of state-of-the-art visibility analysis and research concerned with the impact of the view on perceptions of space. An experiment in a visualization laboratory explored the relative impact of various views on the ‘perceived density’ and ‘visual privacy’ of 100 participants. The relative weight of each view presented to the subjects was based on the statistical results of the experiment. The weights were integrated into the 3D Line of Sight visibility analysis and the model is applied in a case study. The integrated 3D Line of Sight visibility analysis currently runs with off-the-shelf software available to all practicing architects and planners. It is expected that in the near future, the tool developed in this work will become an important aid to all practitioners, the method becoming a valuable evaluation tool in planning and design processes. Considering design alternatives, it may become a stepping stone for design principles and regulations.
Toward a global sociology of knowledge: Post-colonial realities and intellectual practices
Authors: Connell Raewyn , Collyer Fran , Maia João , Morrell Robert
Published: November 2016

This article discusses changing social perspectives on knowledge, from the old sociology of knowledge to current post-colonial debates. The authors propose an approach that sees knowledge not as an abstract social construction but as the product of specific forms of social labour, showing the ontoformativity of social practice that creates reality through historical time. Research in three southern-tier countries examines knowledge workers and their labour process, knowledge institutions including workplaces and communication systems, economic strategies and the resourcing of knowledge work and workforces. This research shows in detail the contested hegemony of the global metropole in domains of knowledge. It reveals forms of negotiation that reshape knowledge production, and shows the importance for knowledge workers of the dynamics of global change.
Contact use in job placement and its impact on the gender earnings gap in transitional urban China: Evidence from Xiamen, 1999
Authors: Shen Jing , Kogan Irena
Published: November 2016

Unlike the majority of existing studies that explain the gender earnings gap from a structural perspective, this study aims to understand the unexplained part of gender earnings inequality from a behavioural perspective. By adopting a dataset collected in the Chinese city of Xiamen when China’s market economy was still in formation, this study focuses on how earnings are affected by contact use in job placement. Results based on the quantile regression model show that contact use significantly narrows the average gender earnings gap by enhancing women’s earnings in the lower to middle levels of the earnings hierarchy, but this positive role that women’s contact use plays in their earnings outcome disappears in the upper level of the earnings hierarchy. This study thus calls for scholarly attention to the contextually sensitive consequences of individual behaviour in terms of understanding the part of gender earnings inequality that cannot be explained by the existing literature.
Criminal redress in cases of environmental victimization: a defence1
Authors: Hall Matthew
Published: November 2016

In recent years, growing concern has been voiced in the environmental justice literature regarding the ability of criminal justice mechanisms to adequately address environmental harms, especially when such harms are perpetrated by large corporations. Commentators argue that criminal justice processes are often ill-suited to the particular features of environmental cases, where the chain of causation between wrongful actions/omissions and environmentally harmful consequence can be very complex and extend over the course of many years. As an alternative, many such commentators now favour the adoption of more administrative resolutions when corporate bodies breach their environmental obligations (which may or may not amount to ‘crimes’). Others favour the use of civil sanction regimes, which is now the preferred approach of the UK Environment Agency. In this paper I will argue that the debate on how best to respond to environmental harm has so far neglected to factor in the perspective of the victims of those harms and, in particular, their need for redress. I will argue that by incorporating such a perspective, as opposed to focusing largely on questions of efficiency and cost-effectiveness, the criminal justice route still has much to recommend it, especially in relation to the provision of meaningful redress and/or compensation to the victims of environmental harm. Consequently, this paper will provide a victimological defence of the criminal justice process, and of criminal penalties, in their application to cases of environmental harms.
Stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine alpha7 receptors rescue schizophrenia-like cognitive impairments in rats
Authors: Potasiewicz Agnieszka , Nikiforuk Agnieszka , Hołuj Małgorzata , Popik Piotr
Published: November 2016

Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) dysfunction plays an important role in schizophrenia. Positive allosteric modulators of α7 nAChR have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to manage cognitive deficits that are inadequately treated in schizophrenic patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of type I (CCMI) and type II (PNU120596) α7 nAChR positive allosteric modulators to counteract MK-801-induced cognitive and sensorimotor gating deficits. The activity of these compounds was compared with the action of the α7 nAChR agonist A582941. CCMI, PNU120596 and A582941 reversed the sensorimotor gating impairment evoked by MK-801 based on the prepulse inhibition of the startle response. Additionally, no MK-801-evoked working memory deficits were observed with α7 nAChR ligand pretreatment as assessed in a discrete paired-trial delayed alternation task. However, these compounds did not affect the rats’ attentional performances in the five-choice serial reaction time test. The α7 nAChR agents demonstrated a beneficial effect on sensorimotor gating and some aspects of cognition tested in a rat model of schizophrenia. Therefore, these results support the use of α7 nAChR positive allosteric modulators as a potential treatment strategy in schizophrenia.
The serotonin 5-HT2C receptor and the non-addictive nature of classic hallucinogens
Authors: Canal Clinton E , Murnane Kevin S
Published: November 2016

Classic hallucinogens share pharmacology as serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonists. Unique among most other Schedule 1 drugs, they are generally non-addictive and can be effective tools in the treatment of addiction. Mechanisms underlying these attributes are largely unknown. However, many preclinical studies show that 5-HT2C agonists counteract the addictive effects of drugs from several classes, suggesting this pharmacological property of classic hallucinogens may be significant. Drawing from a comprehensive analysis of preclinical behavior, neuroanatomy, and neurochemistry studies, this review builds rationale for this hypothesis, and also proposes a testable, neurobiological framework. 5-HT2C agonists work, in part, by modulating dopamine neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area—nucleus accumbens (NAc) reward pathway. We argue that activation of 5-HT2C receptors on NAc shell, GABAergic, medium spiny neurons inhibits potassium Kv1.x channels, thereby enhancing inhibitory activity via intrinsic mechanisms. Together with experiments that show that addictive drugs, such as cocaine, potentiate Kv1.x channels, thereby suppressing NAc shell GABAergic activity, this hypothesis provides a mechanism by which classic hallucinogen-mediated stimulation of 5-HT2C receptors could thwart addiction. It also provides a potential reason for the non-addictive nature of classic hallucinogens.
Gender Representation and Student Performance: Representative Bureaucracy Goes to Korea
Authors: Song Miyeon
Published: November 2016

The literature on representative bureaucracy argues that bureaucrats who reflect the diversity of citizens are more likely to be responsive to the public. Although substantial research has supported the claim, most studies are conducted in Western countries such as the United States, and the evidence from other contexts is extremely limited. This raises two important questions: Does the relationship remain valid in a centralized Asian country? If so, under what conditions does representative bureaucracy matter more? This study investigates these questions by using a data set on secondary education in South Korea. Findings suggest that female students perform better when they are taught by female teachers, which strengthens the external validity of the theory. The positive link between female teachers and female student performance is greater when teachers have more discretion and interact more with each other. However, value consensus weakens the relationship between gender representation and student performance. Clientele diversity matters in gender representation at the managerial level, but sector differences are not statistically supported. These findings illustrate the need to take both national and organizational contexts seriously in representative bureaucracy theory.
On Becoming a Feminist Psychologist
Authors: Riger Stephanie
Published: November 2016

Feminists have seen profound changes in psychology both in the amount of research on women and gender and in the inclusion of women and others who have been underrepresented in psychology faculties. But beyond promoting those changes, what does it mean to be a feminist psychologist? Here, I discuss ways in which grounding my work in feminism has led to emotional reactions that have fueled my research but also, at times, been depleting. Researchers’ emotions have typically been thought of as contaminants to their work, but I suggest that they may be a critical part of our practice and should be acknowledged and explored. Reflecting on my own emotional reactions to doing research on violence against women has led me to recommend two ways to work for social justice: by changing the narrative about social problems and by working with advocates to do research that is useful to bring about change.
Predictors of Recovery from Depression and Anxiety in Women: A Longitudinal Study from Childbirth to 6 Years
Authors: Shankar Radhika , Badker Rinette , Brain Ursula , Oberlander Tim F. , Misri Shaila
Published: November 2016

Objective:

This study prospectively examined maternal biopsychosocial predictors of recovery from comorbid depression and anxiety from 25 weeks’ gestation to 6 years postbirth. Specifically, the study investigated the influence of 1) maternal factors and 2) the child’s behaviours and physical health on the course of the mother’s depressed mood and anxiety.

Methods:

Eighty-six women diagnosed with antenatal depression/anxiety were recruited through the Reproductive Mental Health Program and family practices in Vancouver. Based on the trajectory and status of their symptom remission, participants were categorised into 3 groups: full recovery, partial recovery, and no recovery. The following measures were completed over 6 years: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) at baseline; Parental Stress Index (PSI) added at 6 months postpartum; Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at 3 years postbirth; and HAM-A, HAM-D, MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire (HBQ-P), and PSI at 6 years postbirth.

Results:

Factors that predicted full recovery from depression included the absence of maternal health concerns, low total parental stress, and few child behavioural issues, whereas low levels of spousal stress were a significant factor in achieving full recovery from anxiety.

Conclusion:

A variety of maternal and child-related factors govern full recovery or sustained remission of depression/anxiety in the postpartum up to 6 years postbirth. Early awareness of these predictors could lead to timely interventions, ensuring long-term maternal-child well-being.
Psychometric Properties of the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire in a Hong Kong Sample
Authors: Ning Hoi Kwan
Published: November 2016

The 3 × 2 achievement goal framework comprising task-approach, task-avoidance, self-approach, self-avoidance, other-approach, and other-avoidance goals is the most recent conceptual development in goal orientation research. The purpose of this study was to extend the current literature by investigating the validity of the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire in a non-Western educational setting. Based on a sample of 384 first-year undergraduate students from a university in Hong Kong, confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the six-factor model of achievement goals provided better fit to the data than 10 alternative model structures tested. The six goal subscales have high internal consistency reliability, and gender invariance of the instrument was established via multigroup analysis. Results from multiple regression analyses also revealed that the six achievement goals were differentially predictive of students’ academic performance, deep and surface learning strategies, and instrumental help-seeking.
An Innovative Technique to Explant a Gluteal Implant
Authors: Blugerman Guillermo , Schavelzon Diego , Wexler Gabriel , Markowsky Andrea
Published: November 2016

The use of gluteal implants is a wide-spread procedure in cosmetic surgery. The preferred planes are subfascial and submuscular due to long-lasting results and lower rate of complications compared with subcutaneous plane. In this report, a novel maneuver for explantation of displaced implants is presented.
An applicable real-time thermal model for temperature prediction of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Li Chun , Huang Fu-Chang , Wang Yong-Qing
Published: November 2016

This article presents an applicable real-time thermal model for the temperature prediction of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The load capacities of most permanent magnet synchronous motors are usually limited by the temperature, and overheating is one of the main reasons for permanent magnet synchronous motors breakdown, so an applicable temperature prediction approach is helpful to improve motor utilization and protect permanent magnet synchronous motors from thermal distortion. Compared with embedding temperature sensors into motor structures, implementing real-time thermal model in motor controllers is a cost-effective and rapid response protection method, but it still faces the challenges on the temperature estimation accuracy, the complexity of the model parameters and the computational efforts. To balance every aspect of these challenges, this article tries a simple real-time thermal model to accurately predict the thermal behavior by elaborately modeling stator core losses and considering motor itself cooling ability. The affections of the motor current and speed on the core losses are analyzed and a polynomial equation is adopted to deal with their dependencies. To simulate the motor speed impact on the cooling ability, motor speed is involved in the variable thermal conductance of the motor housing inside the surroundings by another polynomial equation. This article describes how to get the most parameters of the proposed real-time thermal model through motor basic dimensional information and introduces the test methods employed to determine the parameters of the above two polynomial equations. In the experiments, first the thermal model building process is provided by an actual permanent magnet synchronous motor with two simple tests, and then the online analytical expressions with the obtained parameters are implemented in the drive controller to verify the performance of the proposed real-time thermal model. The results of the performance tests show that the real-time thermal model has a good agreement between estimated and measured temperature values, and its performance can satisfy the most actual applications.
Deconstructing PRSP Measurement: Participation as Neoliberal Colonization
Authors: Dutta Mohan , Rastogi Rahul
Published: November 2016

Ever since its establishment in 1944 the World Bank (the Bank), along with the International Monetary Fund, has progressively increased its influence on economic affairs of the world. The Bank’s concern with development knowledge represents one such area of its extended reach. The latter years of the last decade of the twentieth century were marked by a remarkably heightened interest of the Bank in development knowledge, manifested in the declaration of the Bank as The Knowledge Bank by its president in 1996, James Wolfensohn, and positioning the Bank as a knowledge resource for global political and economic structuring. This article focuses on this newfound sphere of activity of the Bank and, in this context, outlines the major critiques that are levied against policies of the Bank. Specifically, we look at the position paper ‘Beyond the Numbers: Understanding the Institutions for Monitoring Poverty Reduction Strategies’ to understand its prescriptions in the light of the Knowledge Bank project and to examine closely the current framework of knowledge pushed by the Bank. We undertake a theme analysis of the document to critically examine the specific knowledge claims put forth by the Bank.
Roles and Activities of International Organizations After the Fukushima Accident
Authors: Tanigawa Koichi , Lochard Jacques , Abdel-Wahab May , Crick Malcolm J.
Published: November 2016

After the March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, overseas experts and representatives of international organizations visited Japan to provide advice, technical support, and resources. Several international meetings on radiological protection and health issues have since been held in Fukushima to provide further advice. The content discussed has changed alongside local developments in health-related issues from radiation health effects and radiological protection to risk communication and psychological, public health, and social issues. The support of international organizations and experts has been valuable in implementing public health and support programs in Fukushima. The Fukushima accident showed that after a nuclear accident, authorities need to balance the risks of radiation with other health effects and develop programs to mitigate the overall effects on health (whole-health management), but there was little evidence of the importance of this at the time. Future research should examine international collaboration to assess this.
Enteric-Coated, Extended-Release and Sustained-Release Formulations of NSAIDs
Authors: AlHajri Lamia
Published: November 2016

The scaffold of this commentary is oriented to gravitate toward shedding light on the misconception regarding the use of enteric-coated, extended-release or sustained-release forms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the reduction in gastrointestinal (GI) risks. Although evidence is sufficiently available with regard to the inability of these forms to ameliorate GI risks, it has been widely neglected by health care professionals. This dilemma will be approached and elaborated by uncovering historical evidence about the topic of interest followed by theoretical pharmacological explanations.
Variation in Definitions of Immobility in Pharmacological Thromboprophylaxis Clinical Trials in Medical Inpatients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ye Fan , Bell Lauren N. , Mazza Joseph , Lee Arthur , Yale Steven H.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Although immobility is a common risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in medical inpatients, lack of a consistent definition of this term may limit accurate assessment of VTE risk for thromboprophylaxis.

Objective:

To examine various definitions of immobility used in recent pharmacological thromboprophylaxis clinical trials.

Data Sources:

PubMed and relevant references from articles/reviews from 2008 to 2016 were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and other clinical studies involving adult hospitalized medical patients in acute care hospital settings that used the term immobility were selected. Two investigators independently abstracted data in duplicate, and accuracy was checked by a third investigator.

Results:

Twenty-one clinical studies were included. There was heterogeneity among individual VTE risk factors, with respect to the definition of immobility in medical inpatients in these trials. Thirteen studies utilized objective criteria to define “immobility” including duration (12 studies) and distance or time walked (6 studies). In contrast, 7 studies focused principally on subjective definitions (ie, describing the nature of immobility rather than specifying its quantitative measurement). Three RCTs vaguely defined the level of patient’s immobility after hospitalization.

Conclusion:

Despite the well-known effectiveness of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for the prevention of VTE in acutely ill medical patients, there is no current consensus on how to define immobility. The heterogeneous nature of definitions of immobility has led to uncertainty about the importance of immobility in VTE risk assessment models. Although clinical studies have incorporated varying definitions of immobility into their inclusion criteria, immobility as a specific VTE risk factor has not been clearly defined.
Outcome Evidencing
Authors: Paz-Ybarnegaray Rodrigo , Douthwaite Boru
Published: November 2016

This article describes the development and use of a rapid evaluation approach to meet program accountability and learning requirements in a research for development program operating in five developing countries. The method identifies clusters of outcomes, both expected and unexpected, happening within areas of change. In a workshop, change agents describe the causal connections within outcome clusters to identify outcome trajectories for subsequent verification. Comparing verified outcome trajectories with existing program theory allows program staff to question underlying causal premises and adapt accordingly. The method can be used for one-off evaluations that seek to understand whether, how, and why program interventions are working. Repeated cycles of outcome evidencing can build a case for program contribution over time that can be evaluated as part of any future impact assessment of the program or parts of it.
Diary of a television viewer
Authors: Griffen-Foley Bridget
Published: November 2016

In 1974, Melbourne teenager Jennifer Sketchley started keeping a daily diary. It continued until 1985, describing everyday life as a schoolgirl, leaving school at the age of 16, studying by correspondence and entering the workforce. She was happiest watching films and television, with her diary recording what she watched from morning to night. Sketchley’s diaries provide an intimate insight into the television habits and preferences of one Australian. This girl-centred article frames this unique record within the context of her family circumstances and within the field of girls’ media studies. It examines the everyday practice of an active television consumer and fan, engaging with programmes (especially Star Trek) and television periodicals, and seeking comfort and community.
Pervasive theatre
Authors: Smith Sophy
Published: November 2016

This article explores the opportunities and implications for new digital writing in transmedia performance environments. This article centres on the experimental Pervasive Theatre project ( Assault Events 2014, commissioned by futuredream funded through Arts Council England), which explored the potential of online social tools to create a multimedia, collaborative and participatory work situated across multiple platforms. This project brought together researchers, artists, writers, technologists and practitioners from the interdisciplinary fields of digital writing, transmedia and performance to explore ways to develop narratives that weave together physical and online worlds, blurring the distinction between reality and fantasy, audience and performers in a way that would be exciting, immersive and participative. The project looked at different performative spaces including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Vines, exploring how these platforms could support the delivery of original narrative performance. This transmedia approach informed and shaped the digital writing practice, instigating new modes of working. Four aspects were of particular interest and will be explored in this article – how new writing can emerge from within online spaces rather than being translated onto them; how characteristics of different online social platforms inform style and content; how social media platforms can be used to develop narrative and character through creative collaboration with performers; and finally, how online social spaces enable the digital writer to develop a narrative framework through which audiences frame their own meaning.
Choice within constraint: An explanation of crime at the intersections
Authors: De Coster Stacy , Heimer Karen
Published: November 2016

Intersectionalities have become central to theory and research on sex, gender and crime. Viewing crime through an intersectionalities lens allows us to move beyond deterministic views of the relationship between social structures and offending by emphasizing that structures of gender, race, ethnicity, class, and sexuality weave together to create a complex tapestry of opportunities and motivations that shape variation in crime and violence across groups and situations. In this essay, we propose a “choice within constraint” framework that focuses on how multiple, interlocking inequalities come together to shape micro-level interactions while also allowing room for agency in how people choose to respond to social and structural opportunities and constraints. More specifically, we cull insights from qualitative studies to build a framework emphasizing how individuals’ active engagement with intersecting cultural meanings of gender (masculinities and femininities) explain variability in decisions to offend across and within hierarchies of sex, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality, and age.
Student-accessible healthcare records: A mixed-methods study of college student and provider
Authors: Keough Lori , Wright Julie , Watson Bonnie , Nixon-Silberg Tanya , Leveille Suzanne , Halon Patricia A
Published: November 2016

This mixed methods study evaluated student and provider attitudes and expectations about offering students online access to their student health services visit notes (open notes). Six (N=6) health care providers from four public universities in northeastern Massachusetts participated. Qualitative interviews were completed by students (N=14) from one University in fall of 2013 and an online survey was completed at two universities in Spring of 2014. Attitudes and expectations were explored using qualitative data and descriptive statistics were used to analyze survey questions. Students’ interviews revealed that they desire control over their health and open notes would give them insight and involvement in their health care. Survey data supported these themes. In contrast, providers worried about how it could impact provider-patient relationships. Open notes has the potential to promote students’ understanding and responsibility for their healthcare, which could assist students in their transition from pediatric to adult health care.
Selecting antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Health professionals’ feedback on a decision support tool
Authors: Wang Yishen , Bajorek Beata
Published: November 2016

A Computerised Antithrombotic Risk Assessment Tool was developed for assisting the selection of antithrombotic therapy based on the risk versus benefit assessment. In view of the recent availability of the novel oral anticoagulants, this tool has been updated to CARATV2.0. To explore health professionals’ perspectives on the tool, semi-structured interviews were conducted in seven pharmacists, seven specialists, six general practitioners and six nurses, who were involved in management of antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation. Three overarching themes emerged: (1) CARATV2.0 provides comprehensive structured assessment of patients and could assist with the prescription and review of antithrombotic therapy, (2) subjective issues such as health professionals’ and patients’ preferences for a particular antithrombotic therapy may affect the usefulness of CARATV2.0 and (3) CARATV2.0 requires integration into existing systems and processes. The majority of health professionals surveyed would like to use CARATV2.0 in practice, believing it would improve antithrombotic use and might reduce stroke incidence.
A soft computing approach for diabetes disease classification
Authors: Nilashi Mehrbakhsh , Bin Ibrahim Othman , Mardani Abbas , Ahani Ali , Jusoh Ahmad
Published: November 2016

As a chronic disease, diabetes mellitus has emerged as a worldwide epidemic. The aim of this study is to classify diabetes disease by developing an intelligence system using machine learning techniques. Our method is developed through clustering, noise removal and classification approaches. Accordingly, we use expectation maximization, principal component analysis and support vector machine for clustering, noise removal and classification tasks, respectively. We also develop the proposed method for incremental situation by applying the incremental principal component analysis and incremental support vector machine for incremental learning of data. Experimental results on Pima Indian Diabetes dataset show that proposed method remarkably improves the accuracy of prediction and reduces computation time in relation to the non-incremental approaches. The hybrid intelligent system can assist medical practitioners in the healthcare practice as a decision support system.