bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smell terms are not rara: A semantic investigation of odor vocabulary in Thai
Authors: Wnuk Ewelina , Laophairoj Rujiwan , Majid Asifa
Published: February 2020

Large lexica of basic smell terms are considered to be restricted to a handful of small languages of non-industrialized societies. Accordingly, they are thought to belong to the sphere of rara within lexical typology (Plank 2001.Das grammatische Raritätenkabinett. Konstanz: University of Konstanz.https://typo.uni-konstanz.de/rara/intro/index.php(accessed 3 October 2017)). However, smell lexica might in fact be more common than previously suggested. In this article, we discuss the case of Thai – a language with a population of tens of millions of speakers – which defies this assumption. We show Thai has a sizeable lexicon of terms for olfactory qualities, and investigate their semantics using a multi-method approach. In particular, we demonstrate a novel use of exemplar listing where – in addition to giving insights into the terms’ extensions – exemplar data is used to reveal the structure of the lexicon. Additionally, we use corpus data to provide complementary information on meaning and usage, thereby showing the advantage of multi-method approaches. Overall, the findings suggest smell lexica are not rara, and their distribution in the world’s languages goes beyond the stereotypical cases of languages spoken by small-scale societies.
Pregnancy, Birthing, Breastfeeding and Mothering: Hindu Perspectives from Scriptures and Practices
Authors: Sarkar Sucharita
Published: February 2020

This article looks at the regulations of pregnancy, birthing, breastfeeding in Ayurvedic treatises, and at representations of mothering in Vedic and Puranic texts related to childrearing. Ayurvedic garbha sanskar (educating the mind of the foetus) regulates the pregnancy of women to ensure the safe birthing of superior babies. Breastfeeding is both glorified and strictly regulated in Ayurvedic texts. Several Vedic texts describe a range of rituals to benefit a caste Hindu child’s life from before birth to the beginning of manhood. These rituals are formally conducted by the father, whereas the mother’s role is marginalized. Although these texts scrutinize and discipline maternal bodies, yet there are several interstices where female and/or maternal agency can be performed. Ayurvedic obstetric practices often incorporate the indigenous knowledges of midwives (dais). The scripturally-mandated practice of wet-nursing shifts and complicates biological motherhood roles. The domestic tradition of performing vratas to secure the offspring’s longevity allows mothers to have a more central role in childrearing rituals. I will compare the regulatory texts and the potentially resistant practices from a maternal feminist perspective in order to interrogate the multiple ways in which the Hindu childbearing and childrearing framework is a site of surveillance as well as assertion for mothers.
Desire or Dread from Nucleus Accumbens Inhibitions: Reversed by Same-Site Optogenetic Excitations
Authors: Baumgartner Hannah M. , Cole Shannon L. , Olney Jeffrey J. , Berridge Kent C.
Published: February 2020

Microinjections of a glutamate AMPA antagonist (DNQX) in medial shell of nucleus accumbens (NAc) can cause either intense appetitive motivation (i.e., 'desire') or intense defensive motivation (i.e., 'dread'), depending on site along a flexible rostrocaudal gradient and on environmental ambience. DNQX, by blocking excitatory AMPA glutamate inputs, is hypothesized to produce relative inhibitions of NAc neurons. However, given potential alternative explanations, it is not known whether neuronal inhibition is in fact necessary for NAc DNQX microinjections to generate motivations. Here we provide a direct test of whether local neuronal inhibition in NAc is necessary for DNQX microinjections to produce either desire or dread. We used optogenetic channelrhodopsin (ChR2) excitations at the same local sites in NAc as DNQX microinjections to oppose relative neuronal inhibitions induced by DNQX in female and male rats. We found that same-site ChR2 excitation effectively reversed the ability of NAc DNQX microinjections to generate appetitive motivation, and similarly reversed ability of DNQX microinjections to generate defensive motivation. Same-site NAc optogenetic excitations also attenuated recruitment of Fos expression in other limbic structures throughout the brain, which was otherwise elevated by NAc DNQX microinjections that generated motivation. However, to successfully reverse motivation generation, an optic fiber tip for ChR2 illumination needed to be located within <1 mm of the corresponding DNQX microinjector tip; that is, both truly at the same NAc site. Thus, we confirm that localized NAc neuronal inhibition is required for AMPA-blocking microinjections in medial shell to induce either positively-valenced 'desire' or negatively-valenced 'dread'.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA major hypothesis posits neuronal inhibitions in nucleus accumbens generate intense motivation. Microinjections in nucleus accumbens of glutamate antagonist, DNQX, which might suppress local neuronal firing, generate either appetitive or defensive motivation, depending on site and environmental factors. Is neuronal inhibition in nucleus accumbens required for such pharmacologically-induced motivations? Here we demonstrate that neuronal inhibition is necessary to generate appetitive or defensive motivations, using local optogenetic excitations to oppose putative DNQX-induced inhibitions. We show that excitation at the same site prevents DNQX microinjections from recruiting downstream limbic structures into neurobiological activation, and simultaneously prevents generation of either appetitive or defensive motivated behaviors. These results may be relevant to roles of nucleus accumbens mechanisms in pathological motivations, including addiction and paranoia.
AROMA MADDELERİNİN SALINIMINDA ETKİLİ FAKTÖRLER
Authors: SELLİ Serkan , KILIC BUYUKKURT Ozlem
Published: February 2020

Aroma maddeleri, bir gıda ürününün lezzetini ve kalitesini belirleyen en önemli gıda bileşenlerinden birisidir. Aroma maddelerinin farklı termodinamik ve fizikokimyasal özelliklere sahip olmaları uçuculuklarını önemli derecede etkilemektedir. Gıdalar protein, yağ, karbonhidrat ve fenolik bileşikler gibi çok karmaşık bir matrisi içermekte ve aroma maddeleri, matrisi oluşturan bu bileşenler ile karşılıklı etkileşimlerde bulunmaktadır. Bunun sonucu olarak aroma maddelerinin bulunduğu ortamda uçuculukları da değişmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra gıdaların tekstürü, viskozitesi, yapısı, işlenmesi ve/veya depolanması sırasında meydana gelen Maillard reaksiyonu sonucu oluşan ürünler, tükürük bileşimi ve tuz gibi katkı maddeleri de aroma maddelerinin uçuculuklarına etki etmektedir. Bu derlemede; aroma maddelerinin termodinamik ve fizikokimyasal özelliklerinin, aroma maddeleri ile gıda matrisi arasında oluşan etkileşimlerin ve diğer bazı faktörlerin aroma maddelerinin uçuculuğuna nasıl etki yaptığının aydınlatılması amaçlanmıştır.
Determinants of Replication-Fork Pausing at tRNA Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yeung Rani , Smith Duncan J
Published: February 2020

Transfer RNA (tRNA) genes are widely studied sites of replication-fork pausing and genome instability in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. tRNAs are extremely highly transcribed and serve as constitutive condensin binding sites. tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III has previously been identified as stimulating replication-fork pausing at tRNA genes, but the nature of the block to replication has not been incontrovertibly demonstrated. Here, we describe a systematic, genome-wide analysis of the contributions of candidates to replication-fork progression at tDNAs in yeast: transcription factor binding, transcription, topoisomerase activity, condensin-mediated clustering, and Rad18-dependent DNA repair. We show that an asymmetric block to replication is maintained even when tRNA transcription is abolished by depletion of one or more subunits of RNA polymerase III. By contrast, analogous depletion of the essential transcription factor TFIIIB removes the obstacle to replication. Therefore, our data suggest that the RNA polymerase III transcription complex itself represents an asymmetric obstacle to replication even in the absence of RNA synthesis. We additionally demonstrate that replication-fork progression past tRNA genes is unaffected by the global depletion of condensin from the nucleus, and can be stimulated by the removal of topoisomerases or Rad18-dependent DNA repair pathways.
A Better Approach to Generating Random Numbers
Authors: Nachandiya Nathan  , Samaila Andrew Mamza
Published: February 2020

The term random number has been used by many scholars to explain the behaviour of a stochastic system. Many of such scholars with statistical or mathematical background view it as an organized set of numbers produced by a function in a numerical way in which the next number to be produced is unknown or unpredictable. This paper produced software that generates a sequence of random number and also compared the algorithm with the commonly used method of random number generator. The three most common methods selected were the Mid Square method, Fibonacci method and Linear Congruential Generator Method (LCG). The result shows that the LCG provides a more acceptable result in terms of speed, long cycle, uniformity and independence Applications of this random numbers can be seen in Monte Carlo simulations, simulation or modelling, password generation, cryptography and online games.
The Development of Students’ Worksheet on Students’ Creative Thinking Skill
Authors: Bashith Abdul , Amin Saiful , Prasad Ravinesh Rohit , Kidzikri De Nanda Mei Dwi
Published: February 2020

This study aims to 1) explain the development products of Student Worksheet on Student's creative thinking Skill; 2) describe the validity product of student Worksheet on Student's creative thinking Skill; and 3) describe the influence of student worksheet on Student's creative thinking Skill. The method in this study used to research and development (RD) the model of R D in this study using Borg Gall. The analysis used in the study of development technique has three of them, a review of the learning contents, descriptive analysis, and the analysis of the test results. The development of learning materials in the form of student worksheet of creativity proved can improve the process creative thinking skill of grade V SDN Tambak Asri 02 Malang. Suggestions for optimizing the utilization of materials development is 1) the development of learning materials can utilized as references for educators. 2) Learning materials that have been developed this for more good news can be integrated with the Quran or the Hadith perspective.
Are We Islamic Young Scholars? Profiling Excellent Students at Madrasah
Authors: Toyyibah Toyyibah , Suci Dewi Nur
Published: February 2020

Madrasah as one of educational institutions under Ministry of Religious Affairs in Indonesia has been rapidly enhanced to construct civilized generations that can contribute to the Muslim transmission. One of which is through the concern on developing student’s academic tenacity in some learning subjects of astronomy, physics, chemistry and biology in madrasah. Regarding to this growth, this article is intended to elaborate the inspiring students’ profiles at secondary madrasah of Insan Cendekia Serpong (ICS) for their grit, independence and perseverance in education that they excel astronomy, physics, chemistry and biology. By interviewing the students, teachers, parents and peers, and documenting the management of institution, this research elucidates that the socio-cultural factors and the students’ beliefs in nature can optimize the students’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for the advancement of their academic tenacity in natural science subjects. Accordingly, the exemplary students of madrasah can be the agent of change maintaining tradition of being knowledge pioneer that instill a self-concept of being a scientific and religious scholar. Madrasah is also an appropriate institution to integrate and deepen student’s spirituality and modern knowledge.
Performance of Gel-Push sampling in liquefiable soils
Authors: Molina-Gómez F. , Ferreira C. , Ramos C. , Viana da Fonseca A.
Published: February 2020

Obtaining undisturbed high-quality samples is a challenge in geotechnical engineering since soils may present significant volume changes and collapse in its structure during sampling or handling at the laboratory. Nowadays, there are several methods and criteria to assess sampling quality. This paper explores the performance of the Gel-Push (GP) sampler for collecting sandy soil samples at an experimental site near Lisbon, Portugal. Sampling quality assessment involved the comparison of parameters measured in the field and in the laboratory. For this purpose, data obtained in the field using cone penetration tests with measurement of seismic waves, and laboratory data obtained by bender elements tests were contrasted. The normalised shear-wave velocity criterion was applied to classify sample quality. A comparative analysis of the results is presented and discussed, highlighting differences between the different experimental procedures. The findings of this paper validate that the GP sampling technique is able to obtain high-quality samples of sandy soils.
Estimating tsunami-induced uplift pressure
Authors: Abdollahi A. , Mason H. B.
Published: February 2020

Tsunamis can cause sediment instability, which in turn, can lead to significant damage to coastal infrastructure and buildings. Accordingly, engineers need guidance to retrofit or design coastal infrastructure and buildings in tsunami-prone regions. Starting with a coupled seepage−deformation model, the authors specify assumptions, an initial condition and a boundary condition to produce a closed-form solution for estimating excess pore-water pressure head gradient as a function of depth, h′e(z). The estimated values of h′e(z) can be used to predict the susceptible scouring zone and uplift pressure during tsunami drawdown. The results show that, for a reasonable coastal sand bed, the simple closed-form solution matches well with the results from a coupled seepage−deformation model for hypothetical and field-measured tsunami loading. The closed-form solution is used to create a method for predicting the tsunami-induced uplift pressure. The preceding methodology is developed to be compatible with code-based guidance.
Teacher’s Practices in Fostering Learner Autonomy in a Thai University Context
Authors: Intraboonsom Chatrawee , Darasawang Pornapit , Reinders Hayo
Published: February 2020

Despite the widespread interest in autonomy and its inclusion in many teacher education programmes, if and how teachers foster autonomy in the classroom is not well-known (Nasri et al., 2015). Especially, in-depth studies of teachers’ practices and the factors that influence these are thin on the ground. For this reason, this study was conducted to investigate four teachers’ practices, drawing on classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and a focus group interview, to identify how they fostered learner autonomy and the variables which affected their classroom practices.  It was found that the teachers placed greater emphasis on certain dimensions of autonomy, specifically favouring the psychological and technical dimensions over the political and socio-cultural ones. The teachers’ decisions to foster learner autonomy were influenced by contextual factors, such as students’ language proficiency levels, as well as teacher-internal factors, such as their beliefs about fostering learner autonomy and their own prior learning experiences. We draw from this a number of pedagogical implications for how learner autonomy may be fostered in the language classroom.
Research on the Phenomenon of “Chinese Culture Aphasia” among the College Students in China—Based on a Survey Study of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University
Authors: Wu Yan
Published: February 2020

In an era of globalization, our societies have become increasingly multicultural. And along with the deepening reform of college English teaching in China, cultural teaching plays a more important role in the cultivation of students’ humanistic qualities. A questionnaire and a cultural test paper were conducted to investigate the phenomenon of the “Chinese Culture Aphasia” of college English teaching in Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University. According to analyses of the research, English teachers of our university have tried to study its causes and explore the ways to integrate Chinese culture into English teaching to fully promote students’ humanistic qualities. In the process of teaching, the language skills teaching and the humanistic education will be united to cultivate students’ cultural critical thinking, to develop their international cultural horizons, to realize the curriculum ideology of the “whole-person education” in English teaching.
An Investigation into the Association between Learning Autonomy, Language Anxiety and Thinking Style: University Students in Focus
Authors: Desta Minwuyelet Andualem
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between learning autonomy, language anxiety and thinking style. Thus, the study deals with the basis of autonomous learning along with the importance and different related concepts. To attain this objective, a survey research design was employed.  The participants of the study were 598 undergraduate students (287 males and 311 females) enrolled in the department of English language at Debre Tabor University, Bahir Dar University, and Gondar University.  To gather the information Horwitz and Cope’s, Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, Sternberg’s Thinking Styles Inventory, and Learner Autonomy Questionnaire developed by Zhang and Li were used. The findings indicated that non-parametric test was liable to be used in order to study the research hypotheses. Using Spearman correlation coefficient, the association was found between autonomy and language anxiety among Ethiopian university students. The other research question was an attempt to determine if there was the association between learner autonomy and thinking style which was confirmed through the use of Spearman correlation coefficient. Ultimately, the affinity between language anxiety and thinking style was addressed through the use of Spearman test which confirmed this association. Finally, it was recommended that pedagogical implications are needed to account for second or foreign language teaching and learning as well as textbook writers and curriculum designers.
Socratic Dialogue as Kairotic Logos
Authors: Alymova Elena V.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The article is dedicated to the Soctatic dialogue as a genre of Ancient philosophical literature, represented by the so-called Socratics. The masterpieces of this type of composition are the dialogues of Plato. A special feature of the following research is that the Socratic dialogue is being treated in the light of one of the most intricate concepts of Ancient Philosophy – kairos. Its meaning is especially obscure since being present in various contexts such as poetry and prose compositions it has no special definition. In the article the concept of kairos is being reconsidered. This new interpretation is based on the original affinity of the kairos with the art of weaving, which, in its turn, is considered as paradigm of the art of interweaving of logoi and dramatic composition
“Prefiro plantas do que remédios”: o uso de plantas para fins medicinais no território quilombola Cajá dos Negros, em Batalha-Alagoas.
Authors: Santos Filipe Silva dos , Santos Jailton Júnior da Silva , Costa Lucas André Farias da , Silva Wanderley dos Santos da , Oliveira Matteus Freitas de
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: As comunidades quilombolas são grupos étnicos que se relacionam de maneira específica com o território e as tradições que são oralmente passadas por gerações. Entre esses costumes estão a prática e o uso das plantas medicinais como uma alternativa para curas e tratamentos de enfermidades, como também a utilização em rituais e crenças religiosas. Dentro desse contexto, objetivou-se realizar o levantamento do uso dessas plantas medicinais no Povoado de Cajá dos Negros, no município de Batalha. Este estudo foi realizado por meio de visitas em campo com aplicação de questionário e rodas de conversas contendo perguntas relacionadas a fins fitoterápicos de usos, formas de preparo apartes utilizados das plantas encontradas no território quilombola. Como resultado foram identificadas 39 espécies, as quais estão distribuídas em 27 famílias, com destaque as Laminaceae, com 6 espécies, seguida de Rutaceae e Anacardiaceae, 3 espécies cada, geralmente cultivadas nos quintais das casas, estabelecendo relações espaciais domésticas. Outras espécies mais raras são encontradas na Caatinga revelando a mobilidade territorial da comunidade.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Etnobotânica, Saberes, Comunidades tradicionais.
Delimitação dos geossistemas da região do entorno do Açude de Jaramataia-Alagoas.
Authors: Farias José Lucas Nunes de , Oliveira Matteus Freitas de , Pereira Jackson Belo
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: A geração de estudos de análise integrada da paisagem pela abordagem geossistêmica nos domínios morfoclimáticos do Brasil aumentou nos últimos anos. Porém, algumas áreas possuem poucos dados e, consequentemente, incipientes pesquisas que contribuam para o gerenciamento de recursos naturais e ações de sustentabilidade. Este trabalho objetivou delimitar os geossistemas da área do entorno do Açude de Jaramataia com base no mapeamento de uso e cobertura do solo realizado por Farias et al. (2018). Por meio do cruzamento de variáveis, com destaque para a compartimentação geomorfológica, os usos e as coberturas do solo, foi possível identificar 8 geossistemas. Através da vetorização do recorte da cena 215/067 LANDSAT 8 e da classificação supervisionada, foi possível encontrar as homogeneidades de unidades de paisagem na área de recorte. Para validar os resultados, foram realizadas etapas de coleta de campo e correlação com os produtos cartográficos utilizados por Farias et al. (2018). Com efeito, a delimitação dessas 8 unidades presentes nos municípios de Batalha, Craíbas, Girau do Ponciano, Jaramataia, Major Isidoro e Traipu pode contribuir para a gestão pública e gerar ações mitigadoras para proteção de áreas estratégicas e recuperação de unidades muito degradadas.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Unidades de Paisagem, Homogeneização, Geoprocessamento.
O hibridismo cultural na formação das quadrilhas juninas na contemporaneidade em Arapiraca-AL
Authors: Silva Widis Pinheiro da , Silva Cristiano Cezar Gomes da , Lima Conceição Maria Dias de
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: As quadrilhas juninas trazem um conjunto de sentidos e significados que são atribuídos nas mais diversas dimensões da vida social, construindo representações acerca do trabalho do camponês, da religiosidade, do casamento e do modo como a natureza é vista. Dito isto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar estudos sobre o hibridismo cultural envolvendo as quadrilhas juninas, ou seja, o foco é a investigação desse fenômeno no município de Arapiraca, no Agreste de Alagoas, pois assim foi possível compreender melhor como vêm se dando os processos que fizeram ocorrer diversas transformações. Tais transformações nas quadrilhas juninas estão intimamente relacionadas com as mudanças do espaço urbano, entre as quais podemos citar o êxodo rural. Ao considerarmos essas mudanças, podemos perceber variadas formas de como são vivenciadas e (re)significadas às quadrilhas juninas para diferentes grupos em Arapiraca, por um enfoque no hibridismo cultural presente nessas manifestações. Do ponto de vista metodológico, utilizou-se observações diretas de grupos de quadrilhas, visitando esses coletivos quadrilheiros. Essas visitas foram importantes, pois proporcionaram uma observação direta junto à realidade social e cultural. Dessa forma, foi possível nos apropriarmos de uma análise interpretativa a partir de uma descrição densa, conforme propõe Geertz (1989), permitindo perceber as particularidades através do fluxo e do discurso social, respeitando as construções culturais dos sujeitos nos acontecimentos particulares.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Quadrilhas Juninas. Arapiraca. Cultura. Hibridismo Cultural.
Indicação geográfica e a [re]afirmação dos territórios tradicionais: o caso do bordado filé da Região das Lagoas Mundaú-Manguaba/AL
Authors: Pereira Girleno Costa , Silva Vanderlan Bezerra da , Oliveira Geinny Isa Barbosa , Santos Denise Oliveira Silva
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: Diversos são os usos e agenciamentos exercidos sobre os territórios e seus lugares. O núcleo desses interesses repousa sobre as potencialidades simbólico-econômicas dos produtos e artefatos que materializam a diversidade cultural e as tradições histórico-culturais dos lugares. Nesse contexto, as Indicações Geográficas (IGs) surgem como instrumentos formais que incorporam a valorização dos saberes locais e suas materialidades, estimulando aos atores envolvidos no território em mobilizar os mais diversos recursos para dar forma a um produto singular. A partir daí, tem-se como objetivo deste estudo analisar de que modo são construídas as formas de reconhecimento das especificidades de qualidade e singularidade do bordado filé em Alagoas a partir de um selo IG. O material e método utilizado no estudo compreendeu materiais coletados por levantamentos documentais, entrevistas individuais e observações, projetando um corpus capaz de maximizar a variedade de sentidos acerca do bordado filé nos diferentes estágios da construção de sua valorização. Os resultados e discussões apontam que os agentes organizados, com destaque para as instituições, compõem uma complexa rede de atores em condições de criar um produto mais sofisticado à medida que eles ativem recursos que lhes são peculiares para qualificá-lo.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Indicação Geográfica, Bordado Filé, Território.
Aspectos clínicos da cavidade oral de pacientes com a síndrome congênita do zika: revisão da literatura
Authors: Marinho João Victor Macedo , Mousinho Kristiana Cerqueira , Panjwani Camila Maria Beder Ribeiro Girish , Ferreira Sonia Maria Soares , Vanderlei Aleska Dias
Published: February 2020

RESUMO: O vírus Zika pertence a família Flaviviridae, gênero Flavivírus e foi descoberto em 1947 nos macacos rhésus, na floresta Zika em Uganda na África, daí a origem do nome Zika. Inicialmente apresentava os mesmos sintomas febris da dengue. Teve seu primeiro relato em humanos em 1960 ainda na África. Na década de 1970 o vírus se espalhou e chegou a Indonésia, India, Paquistão e Malásia. Seu principal vetor no Brasil é o mosquito Aedes aegypti. Entre o final de 2014 e início de 2015, surgiu um surto de uma doença exantemática clinicamente diferente da dengue. A confirmação da presença do vírus Zika no Brasil ocorreu em março de 2015. Coincidentemente em agosto do mesmo ano começaram a nascer crianças com microcefalia neonatal no estado de Pernambuco e em outros estados do Nordeste brasileiro. Diante desse surto desconhecido de microcefalia, o Ministério da Saúde declarou emergência nacional. Logo após, foi estabelecida uma relação causal entre o vírus Zika e a série de alterações congênitas que posteriormente foi denominada Síndrome Congênita do Zika. Em aproximadamente 90% dos casos, a microcefalia está associada a alterações neurológicas. O presente estudo teve como ênfase a seguinte questão norteadora: Existem alterações clínicas orais em pacientes acometido pela Síndrome Congênita do Zika? Tendo como objetivo relatar os aspectos clínicos da cavidade oral em pacientes com a Síndrome Congênita do Zika, através de um levantamento bibliográfico. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura, realizada em publicações feitas a partir de 2014, utilizando as plataformas de pesquisa PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, BVS e Google Acadêmico. Esses resultados apontam que podem existir alterações na cavidade oral em crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika, demonstrando que os efeitos causados pelo vírus Zika estão além dos danos neurológicos. Por se tratar de uma Síndrome recém-descoberta, os dados referentes aos achados clínicos orais em crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika são poucos e ainda precisam ser mais pesquisados. Sugerimos que sejam feitos estudos com exames complementares pra reforçar e até aumentar os achados clínicos das crianças com Síndrome Congênita do Zika.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Microcefalia, Zika Vírus, Saúde Bucal.
Ground Deformation Data from GEER Investigations of Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence
Authors: Brandenberg Scott J. , Stewart Jonathan P. , Wang Pengfei , Nweke Chukwuebuka C. , Hudson Kenneth , Goulet Christine A. , Meng Xiaofeng , Davis Craig A. , Ahdi Sean K. , Hudson Martin B. , Donnellan Andrea , Lyzenga Gregory , Pierce Marlon , Wang Jun , Winters Maria A. , Delisle Marie-Pierre , Lucey Joseph , Kim Yeulwoo , Gallien Timu W. , Lyda Andrew , Yeung J. Sean , Issa Omar , Buckreis Tristan , Yi Zhengxiang
Published: February 2020

Following the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, consisting of an M 6.4 foreshock and M 7.1 mainshock along with many other events, the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance association deployed a team to gather perishable data. The team focused their efforts on documenting ground deformations including surface fault rupture south of the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, and liquefaction features in Trona and Argus. The team published a report within two weeks of the M 7.1 mainshock. This article presents data products gathered by the team, which are now published and publicly accessible. The data products presented herein include ground-based observations using Global Positioning System trackers, digital cameras, and hand-measuring devices, as well as unmanned aerial vehicle-based imaging products using Structure from Motion to create point clouds and digital surface models. The article describes the data products, as well as tools available for interacting with the products.
Origins, Evolution and Current Activities of Sunni Salafi Jihadist Groups in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Labiba
Published: February 2020

Despite its global recognition as a moderate Muslim country, Bangladesh has been experiencing increasing bouts of religious fundamentalism and militant activities since 2005. This phenomenon is not altogether novel to the country. During the Liberation War of 1971, Bengali freedom fighters faced staunch opposition from the Pakistani armed forces as well as Islamist militias under the control of Jamaat-e-Islami, an Islamist political party. Even after attaining its independence, Bangladesh has struggled to uphold the pillars of democracy and secularism due to political, social and religious drivers. Between January 2005 and June 2015, nearly 600 people have died in Islamic terrorist attacks in the country. These militant outfits either have close ties to or are part of Al Qaeda Indian Subcontinent (AQIS) and the Islamic State (ISIS). Despite such troubling signs and the fact that it is the fourth largest Muslim majority country in the world, Bangladesh has generally received little attention from academics of security studies. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the drivers and trends of Sunni Salafi jihadist groups operating in Bangladesh to ascertain the implications for counterterrorism activities. Political, social and religious interventions that go beyond the hard approach must be undertaken to control the mounting threat of Islamist terrorism to the security and stability of the nation.
A New Extension of the Lomax Distribution with Properties and Applications to Failure Times Data
Authors: Abo Raya Mohamed
Published: February 2020

A new lifetime model is introduced and studied. The major justiâ€¦cation for the practicality of the new model is based on the wider use of the Lomax model. We are also motivated to introduce the new model since the density of the new distribution exhibits various important shapes such as the unimodal, right skewed and left skewed. The new model can be viewed as a mixture of the exponentiated Lomax distribution. It can also be considered as a suitablemodel for testing the symmetric, left skewed, right skewed and unimodal data. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to estimate the model parameters. We prove empirically the importance and â€¡exibility of the new model in modeling two types of aircraft windshield lifetime data sets. The proposed lifetime model is much better than gamma Lomax, beta Lomax, exponentiated Lomax and Lomax models so the exponentiated Lomax, model is a good alternative to these models in modeling aircraft windshield data.
Transformar el ingreso hospitalario en un momento de cuidado de enfermería
Authors: Pérez-Giraldo Beatriz , Guevara-Lozano Maryory , Sánchez-Herrera Beatriz , Arroyo-Marlés Ligia-Patricia
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: describir el proceso de transformación del ingreso hospitalario para convertirlo en un momento de cuidado de enfermería en el que se logra mejorar la adaptación de quienes son atendidos. Metodología: investigación metodológica en enfermería realizada en seis fases entre el 2017 y el 2018: diagnóstico de la experiencia de los pacientes y sus cuidadores familiares durante el ingreso a hospitalización; revisión de las buenas prácticas mundiales de ingreso hospitalario; definición de un protocolo de enfermería para orientar el ingreso hospitalario con base en la mejor evidencia disponible y pautas para establecer un vínculo de cuidado enfermera-paciente y cuidador familiar; diseño y ajuste de instrumentos y estrategias para apoyar la implementación del protocolo; afinamiento del protocolo y las herramientas de apoyo mediante revisión de expertos; y prueba piloto en el servicio durante nueve meses. Resultados: la transformación del ingreso hospitalario exige tanto la búsqueda de una evidencia que lo respalde, como los lineamientos de humanización plasmados en una guía práctica. La adherencia de enfermería a las guías se asoció con una mejor percepción del servicio por parte del paciente y su cuidador convirtiendo este procedimiento en un momento de cuidado. Conclusiones: la transformación del procedimiento de ingreso al servicio de hospitalización del paciente y su cuidador familiar para convertirlo en un momento de cuidado de enfermería mejora la experiencia de las personas implicadas y su percepción sobre el servicio que ofrece la institución.
Bioequivalence Study of Two Formulations of Tramadol Capsules in Healthy Myanmar Volunteers
Authors: Linn Ye Htut , Soe Myat Myat , Thu K Khine , Tun Thida , San Mi Kun Kaw , Pyae Nyein Chan , Aye Nu Nu
Published: February 2020

Background: Tramadol is one of the most commonly used analgesics, thanks to its efficacy and safety. It is widely used in Myanmar for postoperative and cancer pain control. The use of generic drugs has been steadily increasing worldwide, mostly in developing countries. Generic drugs should have efficacy and safety comparable to their innovators or other approved generic products.
Objectives: This study aims to compare the bioequivalence of locally producing, Tramadol BPI® capsule (test product) with the Tramazac® capsule (reference product) in healthy Myanmar volunteers.
Methods: The bioequivalence was determined in 16 healthy Myanmar volunteers after a single oral administration of 100 mg tramadol (under fasting condition) in a randomized, openlabel, two-period, and two-treatment crossover study with a two-week washout period. Blood samples were collected at specified times, and plasma tramadol concentrations were measured with a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method with a fluorescence detector. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using the plasma concentration-time data in a noncompartmental model.
Results: The analysis of variance of the logarithmically transformed parameters (maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), Area Under the concentration-time Curve from the time of administration to the last measured concentration (AUC0-t), and to infinity (AUC0-∞) revealed no sequence, period, and formulation effects between the test and reference products. Significant differences were found between the subjects within the sequence for both AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞, indicating a substantial intersubject variation. The geometric mean ratio of test/reference and their 90% confidence intervals were within the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) bioequivalence acceptance interval of 80% to 125%.
Conclusion: Tramadol BPI® and Tramazac® capsules, after a single oral administration of 100 mg, were bioequivalent in respect of their rate and extent of absorption under fasting condition.
Protective Effect of Cynara scolymus L. on Blood Biochemical Parameters and Liver Histopathological Changes in Phenylhydrazine-Induced Hemolytic Anemia in Rats
Authors: Allahmoradi Milad , Alimohammadi Samad , Cheraghi Hadi
Published: February 2020

Background: Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) possesses bioactive components with antioxidant effects. This plant has been widely used in traditional medicine.
Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the protective activity of Hydroethanolic Extract of Cynara scolymus (HECS) against experimentally-induced hemolytic anemia in rats.
Methods: Hemolytic anemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) 40 mg/kg for 2 days. PHZ induces oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species formation, which causes hemolytic anemia. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6 for each group). Group 1 (normal control) was injected with normal saline. Group 2 (anemic control) received only PHZ. Groups 3 to 5 were injected with 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of the HECS by gavage, respectively, daily from day 2 to day 15 after PHZ administration. At the end of the treatment period, their blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis.
Results: The results indicated that serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the PHZ (anemic) group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). A significant decrease in serum liver enzymes was determined in rats treated with HECS at different doses compared with the untreated anemic rats (P<0.05). Also, HECS significantly attenuated body weight loss in the PHZ group (P<0.05). Besides, based on the histopathological evaluation, HECS improved disarrangements of the liver parenchyma due to PHZ-induced hepatotoxicity.
Conclusion: HECS has hepatoprotective effects against PHZ-induced toxicity presumably by its antioxidative activity.
Percepciones del uso de anticonceptivos en Bogotá(Colombia) 2009.Estudio cualitativo
Authors: Gómez-Sánchez Pio Iván , Pardo Yaira
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: conocer el uso actual de anticonceptivos en las participantes, las razones de abandono o cambio de método, las características ideales de un anticonceptivo, los imaginarios y las percepciones con un nuevo método de planificación familiar.Metodología: se llevaron a cabo 4 grupos focales que incluyeron a estudiantes de diversas carreras de una universidad privada y una universidad pública, entre las cuales se seleccionaron mujeres profesionales y amas de casa. El muestreo fue por conveniencia y en bola de nieve. Los datos recogidos a través de los grupos focales fueron grabados, transcritos manualmente y analizados con una perspectiva de análisis de la conversación.Resultados: las mujeres consideraron que la elección anticonceptiva depende de la facilidad de compra o de que la empresa promotora de salud lo provea. Entre los factores determinantes para la selección se identificaron: eficacia, efectos secundarios, posibilidad de olvido y regularidad menstrual. El anticonceptivo ideal se describió como aquel que fuera seguro, eficaz, de poca recordación, de fácil uso y que no aumente de peso ni produzca amenorrea. Asimismo, se identificaron muchos mitos con el uso de los métodos hormonales.Conclusiones: el personal de salud durante la consejería debe desmitificar el uso de algunos métodos, informando verdaderos mecanismos de acción, efectos esperados y secundarios, para mejorar la adherencia.
Defectos del tubo neural y ácido fólico: patogenia, metabolismo y desarrollo embriológico. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Suárez-Obando Fernando , Ordóñez-Vásquez Adriana , Zarante Ignacio
Published: February 2020

Introducción: el uso del ácido fólico preconcepcional para la prevención de los defectos del tubo neural (DTN), es una medida de gran impacto en la salud pública. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir el modelo de desarrollo embriológico de los DTN y los mecanismos por los cuales el ácido fólico disminuye su prevalencia.Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, OVID, LILACS y SciELO de las cuales se seleccionaron los artículos que permitieran reconstruir la fisiopatología de la enfermedad, incluyendo la embriología y la presentación clínica y destacando el papel del ácido fólico en la proliferación celular y en el proceso de neurulación.Resultados: se presenta la fisiopatología de los DTN y se describe la relación entre la disminución de la concentración de acido fólico y la neurulación fallida.Conclusiones: el modelo propuesto es útil para entender el desarrollo de los DTN y se resalta el efecto del consumo de ácido fólico sobre la salud materno-fetal.
Pengaruh Waktu Kalsinasi Abu Cangkang Kelomang (Paguroidea) pada Suhu Tinggi dalam Pembentukan Katalis Padat CaO
Authors: Mukminin Amirul , Firdaus Muhammad , Yuniarti Yuniarti , Syabani Muh Wahyu
Published: February 2020

Katalis CaO dari abu cangkang kelomang (Paguroidea) telah berhasil dibuat melalui proses kalsinasi pada suhu 900°C selama 4 jam. Variasi waktu kalsinasi 2, 3, dan 4 jam dilakukan untuk mempelajari tentang perubahan fasa sampel. Hasil difraksi sinar-X dari abu cangkang kelomang untuk 2 dan 3 jam menunjukkan bahwa puncak-puncak karakteristik CaCO3 kalsit sedangkan untuk 4 jam berupa kalsium oksida (CaO) dengan puncak karaktersitik pada 2 theta = 32,16°; 37,15°; 53,54°; 64,16° dan 67,5° yang dikonfirmasi sesuai dengan standard CaO (JCPDS N. 82-1690). Hasil SEM menunjukkan informasi topografi dari morfologi partikel katalis untuk waktu 2 dan 3 jam berbentuk agregat yang kurang homogen, jika dibandingkan dengan hasil kalsinasi pada waktu yang lebih lama yaitu 4 jam. Sebaran ukuran parikel untuk 2, 3 dan 4 jam masing-masing memberikan ukuran 0,3 mm-1,5 µm, 34,7 µm – 1,25 µm, dan 11,4 µm – 1 µm. Hasil TGA/DSC menunjukan 43,92 % cangkang kelomang mampu terkonversi menjadi CaO dan CaCO3 pada 900°C. Kata kunci: Katalis CaO, katalis heterogen, biodisel
Autonomous Mobile Robot Moving Through Static Crowd: Arm with One-DoF and Hand with Involute Shape to Maneuver Human Position
Authors: Imaoka Noriaki , Kitazawa Kazuma , Kamezaki Mitsuhiro , Sugano Shigeki , Ando Takeshi ,   Panasonic Corporation Shiodome Hamarikyu Building, 8-21-1 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan,   Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University 17 Kikui-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0044, Japan,   Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
Published: February 2020

Owing to manpower shortages, robots are expected to be increasingly integrated into society in the future. Moreover, robots will be required to navigate through crowded environments. Thus, we proposed a new method of autonomous movement compatible with physical contact signaling used by humans. The method of contact was investigated before using an arm with six degrees of freedom (DoF), which increases the cost of the robot. In this paper, we propose a novel method of navigating through a human crowd by using a conventional driving system for autonomous mobile robots and an involute-shaped hand with an one-DoF arm. Finally, the effectiveness of the method was confirmed experimentally.
Previous Announcement Method Using 3D CG Face Interface for Mobile Robot
Authors: Mikawa Masahiko , Lyu Jiayi , Fujisawa Makoto , Hiiragi Wasuke , Ishibashi Toyoyuki ,   University of Tsukuba 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan,   Chubu University 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan,   Gifu Women’s University 80 Taromaru, Gifu, Gifu 501-2592, Japan
Published: February 2020

When a robot works among people in a public space, its behavior can make some people feel uncomfortable. One of the reasons for this is that it is difficult for people to understand the robot’s intended behavior based on its appearance. This paper presents a new intention expression method using a three dimensional computer graphics (3D CG) face model. The 3D CG face model is displayed on a flat panel screen and has two eyes and a head that can be rotated freely. When the mobile robot is about to change its traveling direction, the robot rotates its head and eyes in the direction it intends to go, so that an oncoming person can know the robot’s intention from this previous announcement. Three main types of experiment were conducted, to confirm the validity and effectiveness of our proposed previous announcement method using the face interface. First, an appropriate timing for the previous announcement was determined from impression evaluations as a preliminary experiment. Secondly, differences between two experiments, in which a pedestrian and the robot passed each other in a corridor both with and without the previous announcement, were evaluated as main experiments of this study. Finally, differences between our proposed face interface and the conventional robot head were analyzed as a reference experiments. The experimental results confirmed the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Investigation of Robot Expression Style in Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: Hsieh Wei-Fen ,   Tokyo Metropolitan University 6-6 Asahigaoka, Hino, Tokyo 191-0065, Japan, Sato-Shimokawara Eri , Yamaguchi Toru
Published: February 2020

In our daily conversation, we obtain considerable information from our interlocutor’s non-verbal behaviors, such as gaze and gestures. Several studies have shown that nonverbal messages are prominent factors in smoothing the process of human-robot interaction. Our previous studies have shown that not only a robot’s appearance but also its gestures, tone, and other nonverbal factors influence a person’s impression of it. The paper presented an analysis of the impressions made when human motions are implemented on a humanoid robot, and experiments were conducted to evaluate impressions made by robot expressions to analyze the sensations. The results showed the relation between robot expression patterns and human preferences. To further investigate biofeedback elicited by different robot styles of expression, a scenario-based experiment was done. The results revealed that people’s emotions can definitely be affected by robot behavior, and the robot’s way of expressing itself is what most influences whether or not it is perceived as friendly. The results show that it is potentially useful to combine our concept into a robot system to meet individual needs.