bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Crítica do Progresso e do Trabalho Precário em La Vita Agra, de Luciano Bianciardi
Authors: Chiarini Ana Maria
Published: December 2019

La vita agra, romance de forte caráter autobiográfico de Luciano Bianciardi,publicado pela Rizzoli em 1962, pode ser caracterizado como uma crítica contundente aomilagre econômico italiano, a bem-sucedida recuperação do pós-guerra em curso nos anosCinquenta e Sessenta na Itália. O narrador, que se muda para Milão com a missão terrorista devingar quarenta e três trabalhadores mortos em uma mina de carvão e acaba se tornando umtradutor, tem muito a dizer sobre o mundo do trabalho, o consumo e as relações pessoaisnuma grande cidade. Este texto se propõe a alinhar o romance à crítica do progresso, emparticular, a Walter Benjamin, e a evidenciar sua análise precursora da precarização dotrabalho nas últimas décadas.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab berwawasan Sains berbasis Mobile Android
Authors: Putri Wakhidati Nurrohmah , Billah Arif
Published: December 2019

This study aimed at developing a science-based Arabic language learning media based on Android mobile. The research method used was Research and Development. Validators included material and media experts, and practitioners. The testing phase included: limited phase I, II, and field trials. The subjects of the trial were students of the Department of Tadris IPA IAIN Salatiga. The data were obtained from documentation, questionnaire, and interviews. The results of the study were in the form of android-based software called “Bahasa Arab 1” with the validity score of 4.26 (very good); and practicality of 4.25 (very good). The results of the assessment through the limited phase I, II, and field trial stages are 4.30 (very good); 4,41 (very good); and 4.44 (very good). The characteristics and advantages of the product are:  ability to be downloaded through google play store; ability to run offline; available learning objectives, training materials and evaluation of competency tests interactively.
Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase in excitable and nonexcitable cells.
Authors: Zylińska L , Soszyński M
Published: December 2019

There is a significant number of data confirming that the maintenance of calcium homeostasis in a living cell is a complex, multiregulated process. Calcium efflux from excitable cells (i.e., neurons) occurs through two main systems--an electrochemically driven Na+/Ca2+ exchanger with a low Ca2+ affinity (K0.5 = 10-15 microM), and a plasmalemmal, specific Ca2+-ATPase, with a high Ca2+ affinity (K0.5 < 0.5-1 microM), whereas in nonexcitable cells (i.e., erythrocytes) the calcium pump is the sole system responsible for the extrusion of calcium ions. The plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) is a ubiquitously expressed protein, and more than 26 transcripts of four PMCA genes are distributed in a tissue specific manner. Differences in the structure and localization of PMCA variants are thought to correlate with specific regulatory properties and may have consequences for proper cellular Ca2+ signaling. The regulatory mechanisms of calcium pump activity have been studied extensively, resulting in a new view of the functioning of this important molecule in the membranes.
The effect of hexadecaprenol on molecular organisation and transport properties of model membranes.
Authors: Janas T , Nowotarski K , Gruszecki W I , Janas T
Published: December 2019

The Langmuir monolayer technique and voltammetric analysis were used to investigate the properties of model lipid membranes prepared from dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), hexadecaprenol (C80), and their mixtures. Surface pressure-molecular area isotherms, current-voltage characteristics, and membrane conductance-temperature were measured. Molecular area isobars, specific molecular areas, excess free energy of mixing, collapse pressure and collapse area were determined for lipid monolayers. Membrane conductance, activation energy of ion migration across the membrane, and membrane permeability coefficient for chloride ions were determined for lipid bilayers. Hexadecaprenol decreases the activation energy and increases membrane conductance and membrane permeability coefficient. The results of monolayer and bilayer investigations show that some electrical, transport and packing properties of lipid membranes change under the influence of hexadecaprenol. The results indicate that hexadecaprenol modulates the molecular organisation of the membrane and that the specific molecular area of polyprenol molecules depends on the relative concentration of polyprenols in membranes. We suggest that hexadecaprenol modifies lipid membranes by the formation of fluid microdomains. The results also indicate that electrical transmembrane potential can accelerate the formation of pores in lipid bilayers modified by long chain polyprenols.
Ion channels-related diseases.
Authors: Dworakowska B , Dołowy K
Published: December 2019

There are many diseases related to ion channels. Mutations in muscle voltage-gated sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride channels, and acetylcholine-gated channel may lead to such physiological disorders as hyper- and hypokalemic periodic paralysis, myotonias, long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, malignant hyperthermia and myasthenia. Neuronal disorders, e.g., epilepsy, episodic ataxia, familial hemiplegic migraine, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, hyperekplexia may result from dysfunction of voltage-gated sodium, potassium and calcium channels, or acetylcholine- and glycine-gated channels. Some kidney disorders, e.g., Bartter's syndrome, policystic kidney disease and Dent's disease, secretion disorders, e.g., hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy and cystic fibrosis, vision disorders, e.g., congenital stationary night blindness and total colour-blindness may also be linked to mutations in ion channels.
Preliminary crystallographic studies of Y25F mutant of periplasmic Escherichia coli L-asparaginase.
Authors: Kozak M , Jaskólski M , Röhm K H
Published: December 2019

Periplasmic Escherichia coli L-asparaginase II with Y25F mutation in the active-site cavity has been obtained by recombinant techniques. The protein was crystallized in a new hexagonal form (P6(5)22). Single crystals of this polymorph, suitable for X-ray diffraction, were obtained by vapor diffusion using 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol as precipitant (pH 4.8). The crystals are characterized by a = 81.0, c = 341.1 A and diffract to 2.45 A resolution. The asymmetric unit contains two protein molecules arranged into an AB dimer. The physiologically relevant ABA'B' homotetramer is generated by the action of the crystallographic 2-fold axis along [1, -1, 0]. Kinetic studies show that the loss of the phenolic hydroxyl group at position 25 brought about by the replacement of Y with F strongly impairs kcat without significantly affecting Km.
An optimized recipe for cloning of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA inserts into plasmid vectors.
Authors: Topcu Z
Published: December 2019

This study compares a number of parameters that are important in the ligation of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA inserts into plasmid vectors and their efficient transformation to bacterial cells. The parameters covered were: T4 polynucleotide kinase treatment followed by either the large fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase or T4 DNA polymerase reactions, the amount of T4 DNA ligase, temperature and duration of ligation, molar ratio of insert to vector as well as the total DNA concentration. The results show that the T4 polynucleotide kinase-treated group without further enzymatic manipulation, at an insert to vector ratio of 3:1 gave the highest recombination efficiency when 10 microg/ml DNA and 20 units T4 DNA ligase were applied for ligation for 12 h at 4 degrees C.
Analysis of the structure-anticancer activity relationship in a set of Schiff bases of macrocyclic 2,6-bis(2- and 4-formylaryloxymethyl)pyridines.
Authors: Kuz'min V E , Lozitsky V P , Kamalov G L , Lozitskaya R N , Zheltvay A I , Fedtchouk A S , Kryzhanovsky D N
Published: December 2019

Quantitative estimation of the structure-anticancer activity relationship in a series of macrocyclic Schiff bases of 2,6-bis(formylaryloxymethyl)pyridines was carried out by the topological approach. Correlation equations describing the relationship between the anticancer activity and structural parameters of the molecules studied and descriptors characterizing their structure were obtained on the basis of in vitro screening data. The influence of structure of the investigated substances as reflected by the parameters studied on the anticancer activity, was established.
Aging and longevity genes.
Authors: Jazwinski S M
Published: December 2019

The genetics of aging has made substantial strides in the past decade. This progress has been confined primarily to model organisms, such as filamentous fungi, yeast, nematodes, fruit flies, and mice, in which some thirty-five genes that determine life span have been cloned. These genes encode a wide array of cellular functions, indicating that there must be multiple mechanisms of aging. Nevertheless, some generalizations are already beginning to emerge. It is now clear that there are at least four broad physiological processes that play a role in aging: metabolic control, resistance to stress, gene dysregulation, and genetic stability. The first two of these at least are common themes that connect aging in yeast, nematodes, and fruit flies, and this convergence extends to caloric restriction, which postpones senescence and increases life span in rodents. Many of the human homologs of the longevity genes found in model organisms have been identified. This will lead to their use as candidate human longevity genes in population genetic studies. The urgency for such studies is great: The population is graying, and this research holds the promise of improvement in the quality of the later years of life.
The effects of galactosamine on UTP levels in the livers of young, adult and old rats.
Authors: Kmieć Z , Smoleński R T , Zych M , Myśliwski A
Published: December 2019

Galactosamine (GalN), a well-known hepatotoxin that depletes the cellular pool of uracil nucleotides, was previously shown to have greater impact on the inhibition of protein synthesis in hepatocytes of old rats as compared with young animals (Kmieć 1994, Ann. N.Y. Ac. Sci. 717, 216-225). In the present study we compared the effects of GalN on the nucleotide content (measured by ion-exchange HPLC) in the livers of young (4 months), adult (12 months), and old (24-26 months old) rats two hours after its intraperitoneal administration. UTP content of the livers of old control rats was significantly lower (by 28%) than that of young animals. GalN administration decreased the UTP content in the livers of young, adult and old rats by, respectively, 55%, 65% and 89%, and increased the content of UDP-sugars by 189%, 175% and 305%. The hepatic content of ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD, GTP except CTP did not differ significantly among the age groups of rats studied, and was not changed by GalN treatment. The content of CTP was significantly higher in old rats (P < 0.03) upon GalN treatment. The lower hepatic content of UTP may partially explain the increased sensitivity of hepatocytes and livers of old rats to the action of galactosamine, and possibly to other hepatotoxic compounds that decrease transcription in the liver.
Neuropatia autonomiczna układu sercowo-naczyniowego w przebiegu cukrzycy - aktualny stan wiedzy.
Authors: Kieć-Wilk Beata , Gastoł Joanna , Pawliński Łukasz
Published: December 2019

Diabetic neuropathy, including autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy, is the most common chronic complication of diabetes. It causes serious health and social consequences, leading to a significant reduction of life expectancy in DM patients. Its development is initially asymptomatic and therefore often underestimated, and only the early detection of diabetic neuropathy gives a real chance to stop its progression and prevent irreversible damage to the nerves. The optimal glycemic control is the most important factor preventing the development of neuropathy, inhibiting its occurrence and progression. In the advanced stage, however, only symptomatic treatment remains.

The article provides an overview of current knowledge about etiopathogenesis, therapy, symptoms and the latest clinical trials on NSN and DM.
e-Makalat Yeni Sayı: Cilt 12 Sayı 2
Authors: SARIKAYA Mehmet Saffet , TÜRKEL Rifat , RENÇBER Fevzi
Published: December 2019

Mezhep
Synthesis of Aromatic Conjugated Main Chain Azobenzene Polymers and Their Properties
Authors: BAYAZİT Mustafa Kemal , BİLEN Zeynep , BUDAK Erhan , OZARSLAN Ozdemir
Published: December 2019

Azobenzene polymers have great potential and impact on fundamental and applied research. However little is known about their thermal stability and degradation behaviours. Herein, nine conjugated main chain azobenzene polymers were synthesized using the nitroamine derivatives of some diphenylene compounds such as 4-amino-4′-nitrobiphenyl 1, 4-amino-4′-nitrobiphenyl ether 2 and 4-amino-4′-nitrobiphenyl sulfide 3, and comonomers triphenylamine A, N-methyldiphenyl amine B and triphenylphosphine C via diazo coupling reaction. These heteroatom containing polymers were characterized by 1H- and 31P-NMR, FTIR, UV–Vis and Raman spectroscopy. The thermal stability and degradation behaviour of these polymers were studied by means of TGA technique. Electronic spectra of the polymers recorded in DMF showed two strong maxima at ca. 280 and 380 nm. They were resistant to heat up to 270 °C and, produced 41-61% char under a nitrogen atmosphere at 800 °C. UL 94 burning tests performed for TPU Ravathane® (TPE-U) with added azobenzene polymer revealed that these polymers could be used as an intumescent reactive flame retardant additive, particularly for polyurethanes and elastomers, due to their high char yield at relatively high temperatures (e.g 800 °C). The carbonized materials were further characterized by XRD and SEM/EDX.
Numerical Investigation on Composite Mono-Leaf Springs Reinforced with Polyurethane/Carbon Nanotubes (PU/CNTs) Nanoweb Interlayers
Authors: BEYLERGİL Bertan
Published: December 2019

Composite materials have been widely
used in automobile industry to reduce vehicle weight and cut CO2
emissions. With the rapid advancement of nanotechnology, it is now possible to
improve the mechanical performance of these materials more than ever before. In
this study, mechanical behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composite mono-leaf
springs reinforced with polyurethane/carbon
nanotubes (PU/CNTs) nanoweb interlayers was investigated numerically. The
numerical analyses were carried by using ANSYS Workbench with ACP module. The
numerical verification of the finite element model was carried out by comparing
numerical results against analytical calculations. Then, the verified FE model
was extended to this study. The numerical results showed that the stiffness of
the composite wave springs could be increased by 18% with the addition of
PU/CNTs nanofibers in the interlaminar region without weight and thickness
increase. It was also observed that the natural frequency values increased by
8% after the addition of these nanofibers.
Buckling Safety Assessment for the Multi-Axle Steering Linkage of an 8x8 Special Purpose Vehicle
Authors: TOPAÇ Mehmet Murat , KARACA Merve , BAŞDEMİR Aziz , KULELİ Batuhan
Published: December 2019

Vehicle
steering mechanisms are generally considered as safety sub-systems due to their
control and stability functions. Therefore, structural elements of a steering
linkage should strictly resist the service loads without any overload failure.
This paper reports an exemplary case study on the buckling evaluation of the
multi-axle steering linkage tie rods which will be used in an 8x8 special
purpose vehicle. In the first part of the study, full multibody dynamics (MBD)
model of the vehicle including the steering linkage was composed by using
Adams/Car™ commercial software. With this model, handling simulations were
carried out to determine the service loads for various driving conditions. In
order to verify the MBD model, reaction forces occur at the linkage joints were
also calculated by using detailed finite element (FE) model of the entire system
for the same driving conditions. In the final part of the work, buckling safety
of the tie rods was assessed for the critical load case. In this way
suitability of the system was evaluated in terms of buckling.
Lacunary Power Series and 𝑼𝒎-Numbers
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Fatma
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, the values of certain lacunar power series with rational coefficients for 𝑈𝒎-number arguments were determined to be either in a particular algebraic number field or in the set of transcendental numbers under specific circumstances in the complex numbers field. The result was also applied on some of the lacunary power series with coefficients in an algebraic number field. Roth's theorem which is the essential result in Diophantine approximation to algebraic numbers was used to reach the present results.
Investigation of the effect of Chip Slenderness Ratio and Cutting Tool Approach Angle on Vibration Amplitudes and Chip Morphology
Authors: DEMİR Zülküf , ADIYAMAN Oktay
Published: December 2019

Machinability, especially turning process, is a
significant manufacturing method, but the vibrations, arisen from the natural
mechanism of the process, make difficulties. Unnumbered parameters influence
the process outcomes such as surface roughness, chip morphology, and vibration
amplitudes. In the present paper, the effect of tool approach angle and chip
slenderness ratio (CSR) on the vibration amplitudes, StDev in vibrations, and
chip morphology were investigated. For this purpose, 15o, 30o,
and 45o approach angles, 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 CSR also depending on
CSR values 0,1 mm/rev, 0,15 mm/rev, 0,45 mm/rev, and 0,5 mm/rev feed rates, 0,5
mm, 1 mm, 1,5 mm, and 2,25 mm cutting depths were selected. It was investigated
that according to both vibration amplitudes and chip morphology criterion, the
most appropriate cutting tool approach angle was 30o, and CSR values
were 10 and 15. Besides, as the tool approach angle progress, the vibration
amplitudes in the X (cutting depth) direction were deteriorated, but at small
CSR values, they were increased. The optimum feed rates were to be 0,1 mm/rev
and 0,15 mm/rev, but the influence of the cutting depth showed differences
depending on the values of the selected feed rates. Surface quality was
improved at 30o and 45o approach angles, 0,1mm/rev and
0,15 mm/rev feed rates and10 and 15 CSR values. The chips in lamellas form,
without severe deformation cracks and serration formation were observed at 30o
approach angle, 0,1 mm/rev and 0,15 mm/rev feed rates also at 10 and 15 CSR
values.
Hadis Usûlü-Mantık İlişkisi (Nüzhetü’n-Nazar Özelinde)
Authors: Arslan Ali
Published: December 2019

İslam düşünce geleneğinde
daha ziyade bir alet ilmi olarak kabul edilen Mantık ilmi, tercüme eserler
vasıtasıyla İslam dünyasında önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. İlk zamanlar bu ilme
karşı bazı tepkiler olsa da özellikle Gazzâlî sonrası, bütün ilimler için bir giriş
mahiyetinde kabul edilmiştir. Özellikle Usûl-i fıkıh âlimleri eserlerinde Mantık
ilminden büyük oranda istifade etmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada Mantık ilmi ile Hadis Usûlü
arasındaki ilişki İbn Hacer'in meşhur hadis usûlü eseri Nüzhetü’n-naẓar
özelinde üç başlık halinde ele alınmıştır. İlgili eserde Mantık ilminin etkisi
bu çerçevede gösterilip, iki ilim dalı arasındaki ilişkinin örnekleri gösterilmiştir.
Hadis Usûlü-Mantık ilişkisi konusu üzerinde çok fazla çalışma olmaması bu
konunun seçiminde önemli bir etken olmuştur. Mantık ilminin Hadis Usûlü'nü ifade
tarzı olarak nasıl etkilediğine ve İbn Hacer'in Hadis Usûlü'ne dair eserinde
yeni bir tertip ortaya koyarken bu ilimden ne ölçüde istifade ettiğine işaret
edilmiştir. İbn Hacer'in kavramlar arası ilişkilere değinmesi ve tanımları
ortaya koyarken beş tümeli esas alması gibi hususlar da çalışmanın konuları
arasındadır.
Vaz‘ İlmi ve “El-‘Ucâletü’r-Rahmiyye” (İnceleme ve Değerlendirme)
Authors: Sürücü Muhammed
Published: December 2019

Vaz‘
ilmi, dış dünyadaki varlık veya nesnelerin
insan zihnindeki suretleri olan manalar ile bu manaları simgeler yoluyla zihin
dışına aktaran lafızlar arasındaki ilişkinin ne şekilde ve hangi yollarla
kurulduğunu incelemektedir. Hicrî VIII. asırda kelam, usul ve dil âlimi
Ebü’l-Fazl ‘Adudüddîn el-Îcî’nin er-Risâletü’l-vaz‘iyye adlı risalesiyle
bağımsız bir literatür olarak incelenmeye başlamıştır. Ebü’l-Kâsım
es-Semerkandî, Abdurrahman el- Câmî, Kemâlüddîn eş-Şirvânî ‘İsamüddîn
el-İsferâyînî, Seyyid Şerif el-Cürcânî, Seyyid Muhammed el-Kefevî ve Seyyid
Hafız es-Sirozî gibi sonraki müelliflerin metinleriyle gelişimini sürdürmüştür.
Son döneme gelindiğinde alana dair birçok eser telif edilmiştir. Bu eserler
arasında Eğinli İbrahim b. Halil Efendi’nin Metnun fi’l-vaz‘ adlı
risalesi, önceden beri tartışılagelen vaz‘ meselelerinin tamamını teorik ve
pratik düzlemde sistemli olarak ele alma ve vaz‘ bilgisini bilimin konusu
haline getirme noktasında gösterdiği çabayla dikkat çekmektedir. Makalenin
konusu olan el-‘Ucâletü’r-Rahmiyye, sözü edilen eserin şerhidir. Bu
çalışmada özellikle muhtevanın geliştirilmesi ve meseleler hakkında yapılan
tartışmaların tespit edilmesi açısından vaz‘ ilmine büyük katkıları olduğuna
inandığımız bir metnin vaz‘ literatürüyle birlikte değerlendirmesi
yapılacaktır.
Mezhepler Arasında İntikal Bağlamında Osmanlı’da Teşeffu’ ve Yasaklanmasına Dair Bazı Tespitler
Authors: İnanır Ahmet
Published: December 2019

Müslüman
toplumlarının ihtiyaçları sonucunda ortaya çıkan ve zamanla müesseseleşen fıkıh
mezhepleri İslam dünyasında bin asrı aşan bir süredir uygulama sahası
bulmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti de aynı geleneği devam ettirmiş ve şer’î hukuk
sahasında Hanefî mezhebini esas almıştır. Tek mezhebe
dayalı bu hukukun toplumun ihtiyaçlarına ve gelişme çizgisine ne ölçüde cevap
verdiği, teori ile hayat arasında uyumu nasıl sağladığı, hukuki hayatta
istikrar ve adaletin temininde nasıl bir rol oynadığının anlaşılması hukuk
tarihi açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir.  Zamanın değişimini ve
gelişimini doğru yorumlayabilmek için buna ihtiyaç da vardır. Osmanlı
fakihleri Hanefi mezhebinin en sahih görüşlerini uygulamaya çalışmış ancak
şartların değişmesi sonucu, ilgili görüşün maslahatı gerçekleştiremediği
durumlarda çeşitli arayışlara girmişlerdir. Mezhepteki hükmün yeterli olmadığı
veya kamu vicdanını zedelediği bireylerle ilgili bazı meselelerde ise 944/1537
tarihine kadar teşeffu‘yu önermişlerdir. Teşeffu’ hususu, o tarihte yayınlanan
bir fermanla uygulama bu yönde devam ederken, Diyâr-ı Rûm’da tamamen
yasaklanmıştır.

Teşeffu‘
Hanefi mezhebini iltizâm eden bir kimsenin bir meselede Şâfiî kavliyle amel
etmesidir. Bu durumda kişi karşılaştığı meselenin çözümü için ya doğrudan Şâfiî
hâkime ya da dolaylı olarak Hanefî hâkimin tayin ettiği Şâfiî naibe müracaat
edecektir. Bu çalışmada öteden beri uygulama alanı bulmuş olan teşeffu‘
imkânının yasaklanma sebebleri araştırılmaktadır.
Klasik İslâm Modernizmi’nin Kur’ân Yorumlarına Etkisi: Elmalılı Muhammed Hamdi Yazır Örneği
Authors: Ersöz Resul
Published: December 2019

Klasik İslâm Modernizmi, Müslümanların
ıslahını, silkinmesini ve medeniyet yarışında tekrar sahne almasını sağlamak
amacıyla, dini/Kur’ân’ı ve buna bağlı müktesebâtı yeniden yorumlama çabalarına
tekabül eden bir akımdır. Modern çağda Cemaleddin Afgânî ve Muhammed Abduh
tarafından başlatılan bu hareket ile Osmanlı İslâmcılığı arasında zamanlama,
metot ve çözüm önerileri bakımından bir takım benzerlik ve paralellikler bulunmaktadır.
Söz konusu etkileşim Cumhuriyet Türkiye’sinde de sürmüş, Kur’ân, bu dönemde
hidâyet ve sosyolojik fayda ekseninde tefsire konu olmuştur.Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır, Meşrutiyet
öncesi, Meşrutiyet ve Cumhuriyet dönemlerinde Klasik İslâm Modernizmi’nin
Kur’ân yorumlarından etkilenen âlim ve mütefekkirlerden biridir. O, müellifi
olduğu “Hak Dini Kur’ân Dili” adlı tefsir kitabını, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
Devleti’nin talebi üzerine hazırlamıştır. Bu durum, Elmalılı’nın çalışmamıza
konu olmasında etkili olmuştur. Bununla birlikte o, Meşrutiyet öncesi ve
sonrasıyla Osmanlı’nın son dönemine ve Cumhuriyet dönemine de şahit olmuştur.
Diğer taraftan, Cumhuriyet Türkiyesi’nde birçok müfessir ve Kur’ân
araştırmacısının Klasik İslâm Modernizmi’nden etkilemiş olduğunu söylemek
mümkündür. Bu haliyle konu bir makale boyutunu aşacağından dolayı, çalışmamızda
tefsir konusunda Cumhuriyet döneminin sembol ismi olan Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır ile
yetinmeyi uygun gördük.

Klasik İslâm Modernizmi’nin en olumlu
yönü, Müslümanların problemleriyle Kur’ân ayetleri arasında bağlantı kurmaları
ve âyetlerin manalarını güncelleyerek toplumsal sorunlara Kur’ân eksenli çözüm
arayışına girmeleridir. İşin diğer olumlu yönü, söz konusu âyetlerin, bu
konularla sınırlandırılıp dondurulmamış olmasıdır.
THE LIMITATIONS OF NORMATIVE ETHICS: ANTHROPOCENTRISM IN KIM STANLEY ROBINSON’S 2312
Authors: K Rajesh , V Rajasekaran
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the study: The present study mainly argues the limitations of normative ethics and analyzes the anthropocentrism in Kim Stanley Robinson’s 2312 based on the actions or duties of the characters.

Methodology: The article used normative ethics as a methodology. Normative ethics is the study of ethical actions that has certain rules and regulations about how we ought to do and decide. So, this study has chosen a normative ethic that consists of three ethical theories Utilitarian approach, Kantian ethics and Virtue ethics to judge duties that are right and wrong.  

Main Findings: As a result, normative ethics compact with a one-dimensional approach. All three ethics deal with its own specific code of ethics. Utilitarianism has focused on good outcomes. Kantian ethics has paid attention to good rules with duty. Virtue ethics focused on the good people but all three theories have a strong common objective of focusing on only human beings (sentient entities) and omit other entities (plants and animals). So all normative ethics have certain limitations and do their duties without thinking about consequences and situations. In conclusion, this code of normative ethics has provoked as anthropocentric. In addition that Swan’s actions and the rational behavior made her miserably failed in Mercury through the construction of the biome and creation of quantum computers. So this cause, in the end, the space people want to move from space to earth to rebuild the biome.

Applications of this study: The prudent study analyses the normative ethics in a detailed manner under the Utilitarian approach, Kantian ethics and Virtue ethics. These philosophical domains can be benefitted for researchers to practice and implement during the research process in Humanities and Social Sciences especially.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The study analyzed the anthropocentric attitude of the character Swan in 2312 based on her actions or duties through the code of normative ethics (Utilitarianism, Kantian ethics and Virtue ethics).
The selection pressure on the neuraminidase gene of influenza viruses isolated in Ukraine from 2009 to 2015
Authors: Babii Svetlana V. , Leibenko Liudmyla V. , Radchenko Larysa V. , Golubka Olga S. , Teteriuk Nataliia V. , Mironenko Alla P.
Published: December 2019

A broad range of naturally occurring antigenic variants of the influenza virus is caused by its rapid evolutionary variability. The survival of viable influenza virus variants occurs through natural selection. The treatment of influenza infection with modern antiviral drugs – neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors – leads to the occurrence of mutations in the NA gene, which thereby result in the emergence of virus resistance to these drugs. The goal of this study was to determine the selection pressure on the NA protein of influenza viruses isolated in Ukraine from 2009 to 2015. The main method for assessing the selection pressure on proteins is to quantify the ratio of substitution rates at nonsynonymous (dN) and synonymous (dS) sites. With the help of this method, we showed that only a few codons in the NA gene were under positive selection resulting in mutations at the following sites: for influenza A viruses of the A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype – site 40, for viruses of the A(H3N2) subtype – sites 93 and 402, for Influenza B viruses of the B/Yamagata lineage – sites 74, 99, and 268, and for the viruses of the B/Victoria lineage – sites 358, 288, and 455. These sites are not associated with the NA active site, transmembrane domain, or the antigenic sites of this protein. We concluded that NA inhibitors are not a significant factor in the process of selection of the influenza viruses in Ukraine because the sites associated with the resistance of influenza viruses to NA inhibitors were not affected by positive selection. This finding could be explained by the limited use of NA inhibitors for the treatment of influenza infections in Ukraine.
Proposal, Analysis and Experimental Verification of Nonisolated DC-DC Converters Conceived from an Active Switched-Capacitor Commutation Cell
Authors: Vecchia Mauricio Dalla , Andrade Jéssika Melo de , Pont Neilor Colombo Dal , Kirsten André Luís , Lazzarin Telles Brunelli
Published: December 2019

This paper introduces a new family of nonisolated dc-dc converters that are generated by the integration of the active switched-capacitor (ASCC) and the conventional commutation cell (CCC). Based on the commutation cell concept, the new conceived hybrid active commutation cell (HACC) provides three different types of hybrid converters: buck, boost and buck-boost. All three converters are investigated in this study through the following approaches: topological stages, static gain analysis considering the switched - capacitor features,generalization of the HACC and gain for M cells and steady-state analysis. The buck version presents a high conversion rate, which demonstrates that it has potential for step-down applications. To verify the proposed topologies, a prototype was built with the following specifications: 600 V input voltage, 150 V output voltage, 70 kHz switching frequency and 1 kW rated power. Efficiency close to 95% was obtained at 1 kW for the buck topology, which demonstrates that the proposed HACC can provide gain and high efficiency at the same time.
Solução Integrada para o Disparo de IGBTs Conectados em Série Baseada no Comando Típico de Tiristores
Authors: Fortes Gustavo O. , Mendes Marcos A. S. , Cortizo Porfírio C.
Published: December 2019

A utilização de IGBTs conectados em série ainda é um tema atual na literatura, a despeito de sua discussão ter se iniciado na década de 90. É intrigante que, apesar dos inúmeros estudos acadêmicos, atualmente não existam produtos comerciais disponíveis dentro do mercado de inversores de média tensão (até 4,16kV) e menor potência (até 1MW), utilizando essa tecnologia. Esse fato está relacionado com a dificuldade de garantir o compartilhamento dinâmico e estático de tensão entre IGBTs, originando circuitos de disparo complexos e com custo relativo elevado, se comparado com os componentes que esses pretendem comandar. Dessa forma, o presente artigo visa apresentar uma alternativa simples e de baixo custo, entretanto, efetiva para o disparo de IGBTs de baixa tensão associados em série, especificamente para o modelo de encapsulamento TO-247. São apresentados resultados experimentais mostrando os comportamentos da solução em várias condições operacionais.
THE MILLENIAL GENERATION, HADITH MEMES, AND IDENTITY POLITICS: The New Face of Political Contestation in Contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Imron Ali
Published: December 2019

Since society has been encountering the advanced technology of smartphones, the internet has become the most crowded channel as well as a noisy stage for disputes on religious issues. The preceding disagreement on hadith that manifested in thick books has now transformed into pictures or, I should call, hadith memes. Using the theory of Richard Dawkins, this article maps the forms of disputes involving hadith that are represented by memes. This qualitative research places those memes as the material object, while the messages provided by the hadith as the formal object. The reason behind the use of Dawkins’ theory is that those memes do not explicitly contain messages alone, but also sharp identity politics, criticism, contestation, satire, cynicism. As a result, this research maps hadith memes that are distributed on the internet into four categories. They are formed with straightforward messages and satires, containing ideological ideas of several religious groups in order to maintain their existence as well as win the contestation for power.
Akuntansi Zakat PSAK 109 dalam Penguatan Good Corporate Lembaga Amil Zakat di Kabupaten Pamekasan
Authors: Handayani Sri
Published: December 2019

One of the three pillars for Muslims is the obligation to pay zakat according to provisions. Zakat is intended for people who are deficient. In Indonesia, poverty is still visible in some communities, this is what shows the role of zakat can contribute in breaking down poverty. Good and transparent management is an accountable financial responsibility. Indonesia has an accounting recording standard in the form of PSAK number 109 concerning zakat accounting. The purpose of this study is to analyze the accounting treatment of zakat PSAK 109 in strengthening good corporate governance of the Amil Zakat Institution. The results of his research show that the accountability report of the amil zakat party in the form of financial reports has been made, the accounting records of the institution understand the incoming and outgoing funds, the conversion of non-cash funds at market prices, incoming halal and non-halal funds and have followed the Law Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2011 concerning Management of Zakat although there are some things that are still not well understood.[salah satu rukun ketiga bagi umat islam adalah kewajiban membayar zakat sesuai ketentuan. Zakat diperuntukan bagi masyarakat yang kekurangan. Di Indonesia masih terlihat kemiskinan di beberapa masyarakat, hal inilah yang menunjukkan peran zakat dapat ikut andil dalam mengurai kemiskinan tersebut. Pengelolaan yang baik dan transparan merupakan pertanggungjawaban keuangan yang akuntabel. Indonesia mempunyai standar pencatatan akuntansi berupa PSAK nomer 109 tentang akuntansi zakat Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perlakuan akuntansi zakat PSAK 109 dalam penguatan good corporate Lembaga Amil Zakat. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan bahwa laporan pertanggungjawaban pihak amil zakat berupa laporan keuangan sudah di buat, pencatatan akuntansi pihak lembaga sudah paham mengenai dana masuk dan dana keluar , konversi dana non tunai dengan harga pasar, yang masuk dana halal dan non halal serta telah mengikuti Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 23 Tahun 2011 Tentang Pengelolaan Zakat meskipun ada beberapa hal yang masih belum dipahami dengan baik.]
Analis Perbandingan Bank Umum Syariah Dengan Unit Usaha Syariah Dari Aspek Efisiensi; Kualitas Asset Dan Stabilitas Keuangan (Periode Tahun 2014-2017)
Authors: Nugroho Lucky , Kuncoro Fiki Wahyu , Mastur Akhmad Amien
Published: December 2019

This research aims to compare efficiency, quality of assets and financial stability between Sharia banks (BUSES) and Sharia business units (UUS). Efficiency variables are formulated with the ratio of operating costs compared to the operating income (BOPO), the quality of the asset is made in the ratio of non-performing financing (NPF), namely the comparison of problematic financing with total Financing, and financial stability that is redefined with Return On Asset (ROA) is a comparison of the profit generated by the bank with the total assets owned by the bank. The method in this research is the quantitative method of using descriptive test and T test. Based on the descriptive results and test T, the efficiency, quality of assets and financial stability of the UUS is better when compared to the BUS.[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efisiensi, kualitas asset dan stabilitas keuangan antara bank umum syariah (BUS) dan unit usaha syariah (UUS). Variabel efisiensi diformulasikan dengan rasio biaya operasional dibandingkan dengan pendapatan operasional (BOPO), kualitas asset diproxykan dengan rasio non-performing financing (npf) yaitu perbandingan antara pembiayaan bermasalah dengan total pembiayaan yang disalurkan, dan stabilitas keuangan yang diproxykan dengan Return On Asset (ROA) yaitu perbandingan laba yang dihasilkan oleh bank dengan total asset yang dimiliki oleh bank. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif yaitu memggunakan uji deskriptif dan uji T. Berdasarkan hasil deskriptif dan uji T, maka efisiensi, kualitas asset dan stabilitas keuangan dari UUS lebih baik apabila dibandingkan dengan BUS.]
Profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks In Indonesia
Authors: Tho'in Muhammad
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the profitability of Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia reviwed from the effect of NPF ratio and CAR ratio as intervening variable to ROA ratio in 2014-2016. The sampling technique of this research uses purposive sampling with the criteria of Islamic Commercial Banks which are registered in Financial Services Authority during period 2014 until 2016 and Islamic Banks which are consistently publish quarterly report period 2014-2016. The results show that there are 10 BUS with quarterly data amounting to 120. This method of this research uses calculating path analysis method with the help of SPSS 23 program. The test that has been done shows that the NPF ratio has significant effect to ROA ratio which means that the bigger NPF ratio, the bigger cost of eliminating the financing reserve which resulted the income of Islamic commercial bank is decreasing, so it will have an impact to the decrease of ROA ratio.  The NPF ratio significantly influences the CAR ratio, which means that the greater financing risk faced by Islamic commercial banks will increase the formation of allowance for earning assets losses from the equity held, thereby reducing the share of equity which is the component of the capital adequacy. CAR ratios are able to mediate an indirect effects of NPF ratios to ROA ratios.[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profitabilitas bank umum syariah di Indonesia yang ditinjau dari pengaruh rasio NPF dan rasio CAR sebagai variabel intervening terhadap rasio ROA pada tahun 2014-2016. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kriteria Bank Umum Syariah yang terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan selama periode 2014 hingga 2016 dan Bank Syariah yang secara konsisten menerbitkan laporan triwulanan periode 2014-2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 10 BUS dengan data triwulanan sebesar 120. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis jalur kalkulasi dengan bantuan program SPSS 23. Pengujian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa rasio NPF berpengaruh signifikan terhadap rasio ROA yang berarti bahwa semakin besar rasio NPF, semakin besar biaya menghilangkan cadangan pembiayaan yang mengakibatkan pendapatan bank umum syariah menurun, sehingga akan berdampak terhadap penurunan rasio ROA. Rasio NPF secara signifikan mempengaruhi rasio CAR, yang berarti bahwa semakin besar risiko pembiayaan yang dihadapi oleh bank umum syariah akan meningkatkan pembentukan penyisihan kerugian aset produktif dari ekuitas yang dimiliki, sehingga mengurangi bagian ekuitas yang merupakan komponen dari kecukupan modal . Rasio CAR mampu memediasi efek tidak langsung dari rasio NPF ke rasio ROA.]
Ekonomi Syariah Berbasis Entrepreneurship Center
Authors: Wadhan Wadhan
Published: December 2019

This research  aims to examine the effectiveness of the entrepreneurship center laboratory availability at the STAIN Pamekasan Sharia Economics Study Program. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. The purpose of research in general is to describe systematically, factually, and accurately about the facts and nature of the population. Said descriptive because the research aims to make a careful assessment of the phenomenon of perception of students of Islamic Economics Study Program regarding the availability of entrepreneurship centers for all entrepreneurship courses in the semester even 2017/2018Based on the results of the study that the effectiveness of the entrepreneurship laboratory center must be supported by the time available in the teaching and learning process in the laboratory, the average number of classes taught by lecturers in entrepreneurship courses, and the maximum ability of classes in a day in teaching entrepreneurship and most respondents answered two or just three times the maximum ability of class in a day. In addition, it must also be supported by facilities available in the entrepreneurship center laboratory such as adequate space, computers as required software, air conditioners, considering that in our place the climate is very hot, LCD as an adequate device to support laboratory activities and practical tools others that support the creation of an adequate entrepreneurship center laboratory.[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas ketersedian laboratorium entrepreneurship center di Program Studi Ekonomi Syariah STAIN Pamekasan. Penelitian ini adalah merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian secara umum adalah untuk mendeskripsikan secara sistematis, faktual, dan akurat mengenai fakta dan sifat populasi. Dikatakan diskriptif karena penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan penilaian secara cermat terhadap fenomena persepsi mahasiswa Prodi Studi Ekonomi Syariah berkenaan dengan tersedianya entrepreneurship center untuk seluruh mata kuliah kewiraushaan pada semester genap tahun 2017/ 2018. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa efektivitas laboratorium entreprenneurship center harus di dukung oleh waktu yang tersedia dalam proses belajar mengajar di laboratorium, rata-rata jumlah kelas yang diampu oleh dosen dalam mata kuliah kewirausahaan, dan kemampuan maksimal kelas dalam sehari dalam mengajar kewirausahaan dan kebanyakan responden menjawab dua atau tiga kali saja kemampuan maksimal kelas dalam sehari. Selain itu juga harus didukung oleh fasilitas yang tersedia di laboratorium entrepreneurship center seperti ruangan yang memadai, komputer sebagai perangkat lunak yang dibutuhkan, AC mengingat di tempat kita ini iklimnya sangat panas, LCD sebagai perangkat yang memadai untuk menunjang aktivitas laboratorium serta alat-alat praktik yang lain yang mendukung terciptanya laboratorium entrepreneurship center yang memadai.]
Analisis Transaksi Financial Technology (Fintech) Syariah dalam Perspektif Maqashid Syariah
Authors: Nafiah Rohmatun , Faih Ahmad
Published: December 2019

This research examines whether fintech is in accordance with maqashid sharia or not. This type of research used in this paper is to use literature studies obtained from various sources. This research is descriptive qualitative, which means describing a research subject. In this case is the development of fintech in Indonesia which is seen from the perspective of sharia maqashid. The nature of this research is descriptive. The results obtained show that Islamic fintech has a Islam maqashid foundation and also has a clear legal protection and contained in the law.[Penelitian ini meneliti apakah fintech sudah sesuai dengan maqashid syariah atau tidak. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literature yang diperoleh dari bernagai sumber. Penelitian ini juga merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang berarti mendeskripsikan subyek penelitian. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa fintech sudah memenuhi maqashid syariah dan juga memiliki perlindungan hukum yang jelas dan terkandung dalam perundang-undangan.]
İSLÂM MEDENİYETİNİN BÜTÜNLÜKLÜ, KAPSAYICI VE DİĞER MEDENİYETLERLE ETKİLEŞİME AÇIK YAPISI
Authors: MACİT Abdulkadir
Published: December 2019

Öz: Son iki asırdır dünyaya egemen olan modernizm iktisadi, siyasi ve içtimai eşitsizlikler üretmekte; insanlığın ihtiyaç duyduğu adaleti getirmek bir yana zulmün ve ifsadın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu temel ile birlikte Batılılar, İslam dünyasının tahrifatı ve ardından işgali neticesinde modernitenin unsurları olan hümanist, rasyonel, sekülarist, ilerlemeci ve pozitif bilim anlayışını İslâm dünyasına zerk etmişlerdir. Bütün bunlardan dolayı Müslümanlar birkaç asırdır bir aşağılık kompleksi ve özgüven problemi içinde yaşamaktadır. Modernitenin insanlığa verdiği bu zararlar Müslümanların ilmî sahadan geri çekilmesiyle de katlanarak artmaktadır. Bu artışı durdurmak için insanlığın modernite ile birlikte kopardığı hakikatlere yeniden bir dönüş gerekmektedir. Sorunun çözümü için öncelikle insanlık tarihinde 800 yıl büyük bir rol oynayan bir medeniyetin mensubu olan insanların, bütün bunların nasıl olduğunu ortaya koyması ve bu medeniyeti geliştiren bilginleri, ekolleri ve süreçleri bilmeleri gerekmektedir. Bunun için eğitim ve kültür algısında eğitim kurumlarında verilenlerden daha öte makro bir anlayış geliştirmek zorunluluğu bulunmaktadır. Eğitimden kastedilen salt sistematik örgün bir talim değil, zihniyetlerin her yaşta ıslah edilmesi ve modernitenin ifsadına maruz bırakılmamasıdır. Geçerli bir ilmî perspektif için çağın ilmî gelişmelerini de takip etmek gerekmektedir. Elbette bu yapılırken ne moderniteye göre (muhafazakâr modernleşme çabaları) ne onun için (batıcı modernleşme çabaları) ne de ona karşı (muhafazakâr çabalar) tavır içine girmeden İslam’da özgün olanı ortaya koyabilir, ayrıca modern olan da kullanılabilir ise modernitenin ifsadı izale edilmiş olacaktır. Zira Müslümanlar uygarlık kurduklarında kendilerinden önceki bütün tecrübelerden faydalandılar. Kendilerini onlara göre veya karşı durmak zorunda konumlandırmadılar. O süreçte dünya toplumlarından bilinçli olarak beslendiklerini kavramamız gerekmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: İslâm, Teâti, Fuat Sezgin,   İslâm, Teâti, Fuat Sezgin, Muhammed Hamidullah, .
TEFSİRİN MAHİYETİNE DAİR TARTIŞMALARDA İBN HALDÛN VE MOLLA FENÂRÎ MUKAYESESİ
Authors: SEVİNÇ Sümeyye
Published: December 2019

Tefsirin mahiyeti, İslâm ilim geleneğinin gerek
klasik gerekse çağdaş döneminde tartışma konusu olmuştur. Bu bağlamda tefsirin
bir ilim olmadığını ileri süren yaklaşıma muhalif olarak tefsirin müstakil bir
ilim olduğu yaklaşımı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu iki yaklaşıma ilaveten tefsirin
kendine özgü bir ilim olduğuna dair bir üçüncü yaklaşım tartışmaya yön
vermiştir. Bu araştırmada, zikri geçen üçüncü yaklaşımı Osmanlı Devleti’nin
kuruluş döneminde belirgin bir şekilde yansıtan Molla Fenârî ve onun
çağdaşı İbn Haldûn’un tefsire dair
görüşleri mukayese edilmektedir. Her iki âlim de tefsire dair görüşlerini,
eserlerinin mukaddimelerinde ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İbn Haldûn’un
tarihi olarak bilinen Kitâbü’l-‘İber’in giriş bölümü olan Mukaddime’si ve Molla Fenârî’nin Aynü’l-a‘yân adlı eserinin
mukaddime kısmı çerçevesinde tefsirin diğer ilimler içerisindeki yeri ele
alınmaktadır. Her iki müellif de tefsirin kendine mahsus yapısı sebebiyle küllî
kaidelerinin bulunmadığını düşünmektedir. Fakat İbn Haldûn tefsiri rivâyet ve
dil ile sınırlamakta, buna karşın Molla Fenârî ise tefsire rivâyet ve dilin
ötesinde belirli şartlar dâhilinde geniş bir anlam alanı açmaktadır. Netice
itibariyle söz konusu iki âlim, tefsirin kendine özgü nasıl bir yapı arz
ettiğini farklı açılardan göstermiş bulunmaktadır.