bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Design and Implementation Characteristics on the Use of Maternal Mobile Health Interventions in Kenya: Systematic Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Sowon Karen , Maliwichi Priscilla , Chigona Wallace
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

The growth of mobile technology in developing countries, coupled with pressing maternal health care challenges, has led to a widespread implementation of maternal mobile health (mHealth) innovations. However, reviews generating insights on how the characteristics of the interventions influence use are scarce.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to review maternal mHealth interventions in Kenya to explore the influence of intervention design and implementation characteristics on use by maternal health clients. We also provide a starting inventory for maternal mHealth interventions in the country.

METHODS

Using a systematic approach, we retrieved a total of 1100 citations from both peer-reviewed and gray sources. Articles were screened on the basis of an inclusion and exclusion criterion, and the results synthesized by categorizing and characterizing the interventions presented in the articles. The first phase of the literature search was conducted between January and April 2019, and the second phase was conducted between April and June 2021.

RESULTS

A total of 16 articles were retrieved, comprising 13 maternal mHealth interventions. The study highlighted various mHealth design and implementation characteristics that may influence the use of these interventions.

CONCLUSIONS

In addition to elaborating on insights that would be useful in the design and implementation of future interventions, this study contributes to a local inventory of maternal mHealth interventions that may be useful to researchers and implementers in mHealth. This study highlights the need for explanatory studies to elucidate maternal mHealth use, while complementing existing evidence on mHealth effectiveness.
Association of Socioeconomic Changes due to the COVID-19 Pandemic With Health Outcomes in Patients With Skin Diseases: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Guo Yeye , Shen Minxue , Zhang Xu , Xiao Yi , Zhao Shuang , Yin Mingzhu , Bu Wenbo , Wang Yan , Chen Xiang , Su Juan
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

The outbreak of COVID-19 has profoundly influenced people’s lifestyles; these impacts have varied across subgroups of people. The pandemic-related impacts on the health outcomes of people with dermatological conditions are unknown.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper was to study the association of COVID-19 pandemic–related impacts with health-related quality of life in patients with skin diseases.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study among Chinese patients with skin diseases. A self-administered web-based questionnaire was distributed through social media. Demographic and clinical data and pandemic-related impacts (isolation status, income changes, and employment status) were collected. The main outcomes included perceived stress (Visual Analog Scale), symptoms of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and depression (9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire), quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index), and health utility mapping based on the EQ-5D-3L descriptive system. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the associations.

RESULTS

A total of 506 patients with skin diseases completed the survey. The mean age of the patients was 33.5 years (SD 14.0), and 217/506 patients (42.9%) were male. Among the 506 respondents, 128 (25.3%) were quarantined, 102 (20.2%) reported unemployment, and 317 (62.6%) reported decrease or loss of income since the pandemic. The pandemic-related impacts were significantly associated with impaired mental well-being and quality of life with different effects. Unemployment and complete loss of income were associated with the highest risks of adverse outcomes, with increases of 110% to 162% in the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and impaired quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS

Isolation, income loss, and unemployment are associated with impaired health-related quality of life in patients with skin diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Social media bots as active disseminators of COVID-19 news (Preprint)
Authors: Al-Rawi Ahmed , Shukla Vishal
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

In this study, we examined the activities of automated social media accounts or bots that tweet or retweet referencing #COVID-19 and #COVID19.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to identify bot accounts to understand the nature of messages sent by them on COVID-19. Social media bots have been widely discussed in academic literature as some kind of moral panic mostly in relation to spreading controversial and politically polarized messages or in connection to problematic health bots (Broniatowski et al., 2018; Allem & Ferrara, 2018). The findings of this study, however, show that bots that reference COVID-19 mostly mention mainstream media and credible health sources while spreading breaking news on the pandemic or urging people to stay at home. These results align with previous research on the possible benefits, advantages, or possibilities afforded by the use of health chatbots (Brandtzaeg & Følstad, 2018; Skjuve & Brandtzæg, 2018; Kretzschmar et al., 2019; Greer et al., 2019).

METHODS

We used a mixed approach mostly comprised of several digital methods in this study. First, we collected 50,811,299 tweets and retweets referencing #COVID-19 and #COVID19 for a period of over two months from February 12 until April 18, 2020. We focused on these two hashtags because they are standard terms used by WHO and other official sources. From a total sample of over 50 million tweets, we used a mixed method to extract more than 185,000 messages posted by 127 bots.

RESULTS

Unlike the literature on health bots that associate them with anti-social activities, our findings show that the majority of these bots tweet, retweet and mention mainstream media outlets and credible official sources, promote health protection and telemedicine, and disseminate breaking news on the number of casualties and deaths caused by COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite that some literature on social media bots highlight the controversial and anti-social nature of automated accounts, the findings of this study show that the majority of bots spread news on and awareness of COVID-19 risks while citing and referencing mainstream media outlets and credible health sources. We argue that there might be financial incentives behind designing some of these bots. However and if monitored and updated with credible information by health agencies themselves, we believe that bots can be useful during health crises due to their efficiency and speed in spreading valuable information, some of which is crucial for public health.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Public Opinion Analysis of COVID-19 Transmission in China Based on Weibo Texts (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Xianlai , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zeng Gongmian , Rong Yang , Chen Xiang
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019 had a huge impact on the world, and netizens also showed great concern about the pandemic situation.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: To analyze the public opinion trend on the COVID-19 pandemic and netizens’ sentimental attitudes to help grasp the dynamics of public sentiment toward the event and provide a reference for the government and the media to steer public opinion.

METHODS

Methods: Four time points were selected during the pandemic according to the Weibo Index. Weibo content were grabbed by crawlers. A total of 510,493 Weibo texts were collected. Regional analysis, word frequency statistics and sentiment analysis were conducted based on the Weibo content.

RESULTS

Results: The pandemic aroused great concern of Internet user. Among the four time points selected, Beijing users had the highest attention(about 9.28%). Wordcloud showed that the words “pneumonia”, “novel coronavirus pneumonia”, “coronavirus”, “case” and “Wuhan” were the main concerns of Weibo users. At the first time point, about 47% of netizens showed negative emotions and it was higher than the percentage of positive emotions (about 35%). But at the time point 2, 3, 4, the netizens with positive emotions accounted for 41%, 51% and 47% respectively, which were significantly greater than those with negative emotions (30%, 26% and 29%).

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions: The pandemic caused great concern among netizens with a higher level of concern in economically developed regions. In Weibo users’ posts, words related to COVID-19 and fighting the pandemic were used most frequently during the pandemic. In the early days of the outbreak, netizens were panicked by the outbreak. Over time, the mood of netizens gradually shifted toward confidence and hope.
Assessment of precautionary measures practiced and impact of nationwide lockdown on psychological health of dental professional of Maharashtra due to CoViD -19 pandemic: A cross sectional study (Preprint)
Authors: Maru Viral , Mukhi Roshni , Dawoodbhoy Rizwan , Parkar Daniya , Kazi Meher
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

due to the CoViD -19 pandemic , all countries were forced to impose lockdown which had undesirable effect on the psychological health of health care workers.

OBJECTIVE

Aim : To assess the precautionary measure practiced and the impact of nationwide lockdown due to CoViD -19 among dental professionals of Maharashtra.

METHODS

Method: A total of 2056 dental professionals complete the questionnaire based survey. Chi square test was done to compare the practices between male and female dental professionals.

RESULTS

Result: A statistical significant difference was found between male and female dental professionals with respect to precautionary measures practiced. 70% participants reported a negative impact on their psychological health post nationwide lockdown.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion: Male dental professionals of Maharashtra need to be motivated to practice precautionary measures to protect themselves against CoViD -19 infection. Dental professionals also need to follow certain guidelines to improve their psychological well being post nationwide lockdown.

CLINICALTRIAL

no
Dampak Akselerasi CSR PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk pada Petani Greenbelt di Tuban
Authors: Noorfiana Mutiya , Sulismadi Sulismadi
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dampak akselerasi Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) PT Semen Indonesia (Pesero) Tbk bagi petani greenbelt di Tuban yang dilatarbelakangi oleh keunikan dari program greenbelt. Program greenbelt ini merupakan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan dimana program tidak hanya berfokus pada satu bidang saja sebagaimana praktik CSR pada umumnya, melainkan berfokus pada dua bidang sekaligus yaitu, sosial dan lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang dilakukan di Tuban, yaitu di Desa Temandang, Kecamatan Kerek. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Kerangka teoritis yang digunakan adalah teori modal sosial menurut Fukuyama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum program greenbelt berdampak cukup baik terhadap petani lokal. Perusahaan melakukan inovasi pertanian dengan mengajak petani untuk bercocok tanam untuk keberlanjutan program greenbelt dengan harapan dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup mereka.
INTEGRATING BIOREACTOR SYSTEM TO SPEED UP TUMOUR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES (TILS) IMMUNOTHERAPY COMMERCIALIZATION
Authors: BUDIYATI A. D. , PAWITAN J. A.
Published: July 2020

One of the major breakthroughs on adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is autologous T cells transfer that either derived from tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or genetically engineered T cells, which express tumour recognizing receptors. Between those two, when the purpose is to treat solid tumours, a more impressive clinical trial result is demonstrated by TIL therapy. The efficacy of TIL therapy is due to its highly personalized approach in generating T cells from the patient’s own tumour tissue. Regardless to its efficacy, TIL therapy in a commercial setting is limited, mainly due to the complexity and costs of cell expansion protocols. This issue has triggered the need to develop effective methods to expand TILs ex vivo, in a safe, efficient, and reproducible manner. In line with this need, there are two main types of bioreactors that have recently been used to generate T cells for ACT, which might suit the requirements for TIL manufacture. Therefore, in this review, we highlighted recent updates on TILs expansion protocol, particularly in autologous settings, as well as the aspect of each bioreactor to be considered before integrating them into TIL manufacturing process.
POROGEN EFFECTS ON AEROSOLIZATION PROPERTIES OF FLUCONAZOLE LOADED PLGA LARGE POROUS PARTICLES
Authors: ALIPOUR SHOHREH , SHIROOEE ATENA , AHMADI FATEMEH
Published: July 2020

Objective: The most common fungal infection, which is usually occurs in immunocompromised patients, is pulmonary cryptococcosis. Fluconazole (FLZ) is a first-generation triazole which is used for the treatment of pulmonary cryptococcal infection during 6-12 mo. A non-invasive and targeted medication delivery to lung is highly desirable due to lower delivered dose and reduced systemic effects. Large Porous Particles (LPPs) have shown lower phagocytic clearance and higher bioavailability compared to non-porous particles of the same size with a remarkable safety profile.

Methods: In the present study, the effect of two different porogen agents with different mechanisms on FLZ loaded PLGA LPPs properties were evaluated using design expert software®. These properties included volume diameter, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, mass median aerodynamic diameter (MAAD), geometric standard deviation (GSD) and fine particle fraction (FPF).

Results: All FLZ-loaded PLGA LPPs (FLZ-PLGA LPPs) showed acceptable volume diameter, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency with rapid FLZ release due to macroporous structure. Significant differences in aerosolization properties in which MAAD, GSD and FPF optimized formulation of the optimized formulation were 6.71±0.4 µm, 1.65±0.08 and 33.20±1.7%, respectively.

Conclusion: It was suggested that gas foamed preparation technique using ammonium bicarbonate was a better technique to produce FLZ loaded PLGA LPPs with more suitable in vitro respirable properties.
IMMEDIATE RELEASE SOLID DISPERSION TABLET OF AZILSARTAN: FORMULATION STRATEGY TO ENHANCE ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY
Authors: TAMBOLI JAMEER A. , MOHITE SHRINIVAS K.
Published: July 2020

Objective: Objective of the present study was to develop an immediate release solid dispersion tablet to enhance oral bioavailability of Azilsartan.

Methods: Solid dispersion of azilsartan was developed using Soluplus® as a novel solubility enhancer by the solvent evaporation technique. 32factorial design was used in a fully randomized order to study effect of amount of azilsartan and Soluplus on solubility (µg/ml) and % drug dissolved in 30 min. Prepared solid dispersion was evaluated for different micromeritic properties, saturation solubility, and wettability. Then solid dispersion of all the batches compressed into an immediate-release tablet using sodium starch glycolate as a super disintegrant. Developed tablet formulations were evaluated for various post-compression parameters and satisfactory formulation among these were further studied for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Colorimeter (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), in vivo absorption and stability study.

Results: Results of micromeritic properties of solid dispersion showed that good flowability, compressibility, wettability, and saturation solubility. Post compression parameters of immediate-release tablets were found to be in acceptable limits. Batch ASD2 containing 40 mg Diacerein and 80 mg of Soluplus showed maximum drug release i.e. 99.82 % within 30 min. Compatibility study using FTIR, DSC, and XRD showed that drug is compatible with Soluplus. In vivo absorption study showed that, 2.67 fold increase in Area Under Curve (AUC) as compared to plain Azilsartan. Relative bioavailability was found to be 267.11 %. Results of stability study indicate that developed formulations were stable at accelerated temperature and humidity conditions.

Conclusion: Study concluded that solid dispersion using Soluplus as a solubility enhancer is a suitable formulation strategy to enhance solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug-like Azilsartan.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PROPRANOLOL-LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES FOR A BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: KITTIWISUT SIRIPORN , KRAISIT PAKORN
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties, including pH, zeta potential, and particle size of propranolol-loaded nanoparticles that were incorporated into a buccal transmucosal drug-delivery system.

Methods: An ionotropic gelation technique was used to formulate propranolol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Chitosan used as the nanoparticle base, using tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent. The effects on nanoparticle physical properties, including pH, zeta potential, and particle size were examined when various chitosan [0.150-0.300 % (w/v)] and propranolol contents (0-40 mg) were used during the preparation. The effects of using chitosan solutions with different pH values on nanoparticle properties were also determined.

Results: The pH values of all nanoparticles ranged between 4.14–4.55. The zeta potentials of the prepared nanoparticles ranged between 22.6–52.6 mV, with positive charges. The nanoparticle sizes ranged from 107–140 nm, which are within the range of suitable particle sizes for transmucosal preparations.

Conclusion: The pH values, zeta potentials, and particle sizes of the nanoparticle formulations were influenced by the concentrations of chitosan and propranolol and by the pH of the initial chitosan solution. The relationships between nanoparticle properties and all factors primarily depended on the ionic charges of the components, especially chitosan. Our study provides beneficial physicochemical knowledge for the further development of chitosan-based nanoparticles containing propranolol for buccal drug delivery systems.
A REVIEW: FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE DISSOLUTION RATE IN GASTRIC
Authors: SOPYAN IYAN , SRIWIDODO  , WAHYUNINGRUM RETNO , P. NORISCA ALIZA
Published: July 2020

Floating drugs are an effective way to lift the absorption of the drug in the stomach. Drugs made drugs last longer in the stomach so that the solubility process will occur effectively in the stomach. This review-journal was created by extracting indexed journals with the floating drug as journal keywords of 40 journals. This assessment of a floating drug for a new drug delivery system (NDDS) is established to elucidate the floating drugs delivery system (FDDS) based on existing literature. The most recent progress of FDDS includes the formulation and physiological variables that could affect gastric retention and formulation are dealt with in detail. This review also summarizes some approaches to prepare a floating system, evaluation methods and characterization for FDDS pharmaceutical dosage form and also its classification.
Percepción de equidad de género y equilibrio trabajo-familia en trabajadores pertenecientes a empresas públicas y privadas de Chile
Authors: Jiménez Figueroa Andrés , Hernández Reveco Agustina
Published: July 2020

Se analiza si existen diferencias significativas en la Percepción de Equidad de Género y Equilibrio Trabajo-Familia en trabajadores pertenecientes a empresas públicas y privadas. A 300 trabajadores de empresas públicas y privadas, se les aplicaron los instrumentos, Equilibrio Trabajo-Familia (Moreno, Sanz, Rodríguez & Geurts, 2009) y Percepción de Equidad de Género (Gómez & Jiménez, 2015). Se observa que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los trabajadores pertenecientes a empresas públicas y privadas en los niveles de Percepción de Equidad de Género y Equilibrio Trabajo-Familia, donde los trabajadores de empresas privadas tienen una mayor Percepción de Equidad de Género. Asimismo, presentan una mayor percepción de Equilibrio Trabajo-Familia. Se presentan correlaciones significativas y positivas entre Percepción de Equidad de Género y Equilibrio Trabajo-Familia. Se concluye que las empresas presentan diferencias en sus accionar en pro de establecer las buenas prácticas de conciliación que repercuten en la percepción de equidad.
Agendas de política social y construcción democrática en la transición chilena
Authors: Delamaza Gonzalo
Published: July 2020

Las políticas sociales han sido el campo de mayor innovación en la acción del Estado en Chile desde 1990. Estas políticas fueron concebidas como un factor clave para asegurar la gobernabilidad de la transición política, fortalecer el modelo económico y restablecer un vínculo entre el Estado y la sociedad. Este artículo examina algunas iniciativas políticas gubernamentales en distintas áreas de política social. Interesa saber de qué manera estas políticas y programas sociales han modelado la relación entre el nuevo Estado surgido de la negociación de fines de los ochenta con la sociedad chilena. Para ello, se revisan los enfoques generales que subyacen a esta política, para luego diferenciar orientaciones en su interior. Se distinguen cinco modalidades o tendencias en la política social chilena según sus orientaciones, gestión institucional y modalidad de vínculos con las organizaciones sociales. Dos de ellas surgieron como resultado de la aplicación de enfoques innovadores durante los noventa, que llevaron también a la creación de nuevas agencias. Una tercera se relaciona con la reorientación de políticas en las áreas tradicionales. Las dos últimas tendencias que se analizan se refieren a las interfaces entre la política social y la sociedad civil en el espacio local (organismos descentralizados y externalización –o tercerización– del vínculo).
Participação social nas políticas públicas federais do Brasil: uma análise dos formatos e desenhos dos arranjos participativos vinculados às políticas públicas
Authors: Rocha Andrade da Silva Enid
Published: July 2020

Los últimos diez años en Brasil fueron pródigos en la creación de mecanismos de participación –consejos, conferencias, mesas redondas, defensores del pueblo, las audiencias públicas, talleres para la participación– en la elaboración del Plan Plurianual y el establecimiento de estructuras administrativas en el cumplimiento de las demandas de los movimientos sociales. El artículo sostiene que los esfuerzos en materia de participación social tuvieron como objetivo dotar a la administración pública federal de una mayor capacidad institucional y de herramientas e instrumentos para mejorar la permeabilidad del ciclo de políticas públicas a las exigencias de la sociedad. La búsqueda de una nueva propuesta de reorganización del aparato del Estado que tuviera a la participación social como un elemento fundante de la acción del del gobierno federal resultó limitada para romper con el legado dejado por los proyectos políticos de los gobiernos anteriores. Sin embargo, el avance cuantitativo de la participación social en el período contribuyó a aumentar el control social haciendo al Estado más permeable al interés público, con una matriz participativo-democrática.
La problemática de la orfandad en el Chile del Siglo XIX : una mirada al rol del Estado
Authors: Home Valenzuela David
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se estudia el papel del Estado en la atención de la orfandad en Chile durante el siglo XIX. A través de una visión panorámica, el texto pone su atención en actores y momentos claves analizando el desarrollo y la evolución de la beneficencia pública. Dada la impronta liberal con que el Estado chileno se construyó tras la Independencia y su persistente falta de recursos económicos, la problemática social de la orfandad fue asumida principalmente por la sociedad civil y la Iglesia Católica. Hacia el final del siglo, y gozando de una institucionalidad más sólida, el Estado chileno comenzó a tener un rol más protagónico que se consolidaría en la siguiente centuria.
Avanzando en la medición de las redes sociales digitales: una propuesta para su análisis desde una perspectiva institucionalista
Authors: Rojas-Martín Francisco , Criado J. Ignacio
Published: July 2020

La difusión entre las administraciones públicas de las redes sociales digitales como herramientas para potenciar su relación con la sociedad se ha producido de manera imparable en la última década y media. Este artículo, a partir del enfoque del Enacting Electronic Government Success (EEGS), propone un modelo de análisis que sirva para enmarcar futuras investigaciones en el ámbito de las redes sociales en la administración pública. Concretamente, a través de una adaptación del EEGS a las redes sociales, se tratará de analizar los resultados de las interacciones entre las administraciones públicas y las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, a partir del estudio de los factores institucionales, organizativos y medioambientales.
Movilización y resistencia verde: los conflictos socioambientales en Chile, 2000-2013
Authors: Hernández Camila , Sazo Diego
Published: July 2020

Las masivas marchas ocurridas desde 2011 y el aumento en la paralización de proyectos de inversión, han dado cuenta de una sociedad civil más exigente y una autoridad más fiscalizadora frente a los impactos ambientales en Chile. Muchos se refieren al fenómeno, pero existe un déficit de estudios al respecto. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es identificar, describir, analizar y jerarquizar los cien casos más significativos de conflictos socio-ambientales desde el año 2000. Los resultados se presentan a través de diez hallazgos relevantes, que entregan luces sobre el fenómeno de oposición a las iniciativas de inversión. Posteriormente, se establece un ranking histórico de intensidad de los conflictos, reconociendo patrones y tendencias que caracterizan este tipo de controversias.
La Corporación de Fomento a la Producción y la modernización económica de Chile. 1939-1970
Authors: Nazer Ahumada Ricardo
Published: July 2020

Este artículo analiza la trayectoria de la Corporación de Fomento a la Producción (CORFO), la institución estatal chilena de fomento, a lo largo de treinta años de labor (1939 y 1969). A través del uso de fuentes oficiales, el trabajo estudia los orígenes de la corporación, la formulación de su ley, los planes de acción inmediata para la modernización de la economía nacional, las instituciones de fomento, investigación y empresas creadas a partir de la planificación del desarrollo emprendida. El artículo presta especial atención a las realizaciones llevadas a cabo por la CORFO para lograr la modernización económica y social de Chile en el siglo XX y muestra que los treinta años estudiados fueron los más fructíferos en la historia de CORFO.
¿Gobiernos abiertos en entornos analógicos? Iniciativa de gobierno abierto a nivel municipal y estatal en México
Authors: Hevia Felipe J. , Durán Padilla Arturo
Published: July 2020

El gobierno abierto supone la existencia de una infraestructura tecnológica y la existencia de un gobierno y una sociedad con suficientes capacidades y habilidades digitales. Sin embargo, los datos disponibles para el sureste mexicano muestran déficits importantes en ambas dimensiones. Este artículo analiza si es posible desarrollar iniciativas de gobierno abierto en entornos que no presentan estas características. Tomando como estudio de caso la iniciativa local de Veracruz, en este artículo se presentan los resultados de la experiencia municipal de gobierno abierto y sus obligaciones de transparencia. Se concluye que es necesario considerar los marcos normativos y los compromisos en estos contextos, y promover ajustes e innovaciones para la apertura de los gobiernos en ámbitos conbajos recursos de conectividad
El crecimiento de la fecundidad frente a la modernización económica y las políticas sociales, Chile 1930-1973
Authors: Rivero Rodrigo
Published: July 2020

Este artículo analiza las implicancias del proceso de modernización y la aplicación de políticas sociales sobre los niveles de fecundidad observados en Chile entre 1930 y 1973. Concretamente, el objetivo es conocer la relación de los factores contextuales –vale decir políticas sociales– y determinantes demográficos, con el crecimiento de la fecundidad que ocurrió, contra todo pronóstico, durante las décadas centrales del siglo XX (1940-1962). Para esto, el artículo calcula indicadores demográficos sobre la base de los datos entregados por los Censos de Población entre 1907 y 2002 y los microdatos censales disponibles en IPUMS-I.
Poder aéreo y concurrencia regulada: las raíces de la política aérea Argentina, 1935-1966
Authors: Piglia Melina
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo analiza los orígenes de la primera política aerocomercial integral en la Argentina entre 1935 y 1966. En específico, estudia la emergencia una mirada estatal nueva sobre los transportes modernos y su función pública, que cristalizó en la política aérea impulsada por el gobierno de facto (1943-1946). Las raíces de esta política se anclaban tanto en concepciones castrenses, alimentadas por el clima de previo a la Segunda Guerra Mundial, como en una serie de ideas discutidas por militares y civiles que encarnaron, durante la década de 1930, en el Estado. Esto ocurrió en un período de creciente intervención estatal en la economía y la sociedad que caracterizó esos años en la Argentina. Igualmente, se muestra que las líneas generales que emergieron de la normativa planteada en 1945 se convirtieron los principios en los que se apoyó la política aérea argentina posterior
El poder ciudadano en la gobernanza del sistema anticorrupción de México
Authors: Valenzuela Mendoza Rafael Enrique
Published: July 2020

El objetivo del artículo es discutir el rol de la participación ciudadana en el combate a la corrupción, a partir de la reciente creación del Sistema Nacional Anticorrupción (SNA) en México. En específico, centra su atención en los comités de participación ciudadana, como vía institucionalizada en el SNA. El estudio afirma que la participación ciudadana tiene implicaciones en el combate a la corrupción, pero es insuficiente si no se acompañe de otros ingredientes que fortalezcan la gestión de la participación ciudadana en el SNA.
Covid-19 y epilepsia
Authors: Vergara Jean Paul , Tolosa Carlos , Gómez Arias Bety , Lizcano Meneses Angelica , Gaona Iván
Published: July 2020

La encefalopatía es una manifestación neurológica frecuente en los pacientes en UCI con Covid-19. Es importante realizar un adecuado diagnóstico diferencial con el estado epiléptico no convulsivo, para poder optimizar su cuidado y pronóstico. El uso del video-electroencefalograma (VEEG) bajo adecuadas normas de bioseguridad, permite realizar un adecuado diagnóstico del estado epiléptico, disminuyendo el numero de ingresos innecesarios a la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo, y el tiempo de sedación con anestésicos. La telemedicina para los pacientes con epilepsia ha demostrado ser una herramienta útil, al no mostrar inferioridad en comparación con las visitas cara a cara habituales en términos de diferencia significativa en el número de las crisis, hospitalizaciones, visitas a la sala de emergencias o cumplimiento de medicamentos.
Recomendaciones para estudios electroencefalográficos durante la pandemia covid-19
Authors: Pérez Poveda Juan Carlos , Casallas Garcia Laura , Guio Mahecha Laura , Camacho Ordonez Isabel , Mayor Romero Luis Carlos , Gaona Barbosa Iván , Nariño González Daniel
Published: July 2020

Desde el inicio de la pandemia por covid-19 o SARS-CoV2 se han documentado múltiples manifestaciones neurológicas que abarcan desde encefalitis viral hasta enfermedad cerebrovascular aguda. Si bien el virus no implica un mayor riesgo para personas con diagnóstico de epilepsia en comparación con la población general, es pertinente establecer recomendaciones específicas para la realización de estudios electroencefalográficos en pacientes sin infección por covid-19, asi como para pacientes sospechosos, probables o confirmados para covid-19, teniendo en cuenta que los estudios electroencefalográicos son parte crucial de la evaluación de los pacientes con eventos paroxísticos. Basados en la evidencia publicada hasta el momento actual en la literatura médica y de acuerdo con las recomendaciones y publicaciones de la Sociedad Americana de Neurofisiología Clínica (ACNS), la Sociedad Americana de Neurodiagnóstico (ASET) y la Task Force ILAE-COVID de la Liga Internacional Contra la Epilepsia (ILAE), a continuación se exponen las consideraciones a tener en cuenta en cuanto a las indicaciones del estudio junto con un protocolo sugerido para la realización del mismo que abarca desde la duración del estudio hasta el número de electrodos sugerido, así como recomendaciones para el personal técnico y asistencial.
PROFIL METABOLIT BERBAGAI EKSTRAK DAUN Chrysophyllum cainito L. MENGGUNAKAN UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS
Authors: Ma'arif Burhan , Aditama Agnis , Muti'ah Roihatul , Bagawan Weka Sidha , Amiruddin Reyhan , Rukiana Rukiana
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Chrysophyllum cainito L. is a plant which empirically used as traditional medicine. The pharmacological effect of C. cainito is caused by secondary metabolite activity contain in the leaves. The aim of this research was to know the metabolites profile in n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and methanol extract of C. cainito leaves using UPLC-QToF-MS/MS. Dried powder of C. cainito leaves was extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol with gradual extraction using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE). Each extract was prepared with methanol and DCM solvent then injected 5 µl into UPLC-QToF-MS/MS and analyzed with Masslynx 4.1 softwares and Chemspider. The result showed that there were 28 compounds from n-hexane extract with diethyltoluamide as major compound, 47 compounds from ethyl acetate extract with loliolide as major compound, and 34 compounds from methanol extract with eplerenone as major compound. Based on literature study, there were also several compounds that likely having activity as phytoestrogens.

Keyword: Metabolite profiling, chrysophyllum cainito L., UPLC QToF-MS/MS

 

 

ABSTRAK

Chrysophyllum cainito L. merupakan tumbuhan yang secara empiris digunakan sebagai obat tradisional. Efek farmakologi tersebut disebabkan adanya aktivitas dari berbagai senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam daun C. cainito. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil metabolit ekstrak n-heksana, ekstrak etil asetat, dan ekstrak metanol daun C. cainito menggunakan UPLC-QToF-MS/MS. Serbuk kering daun C. cainito diekstraksi secara bertingkat menggunakan n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol dengan metode UAE. Masing-masing ekstrak dipreparasi dengan metanol dan DCM lalu diinjeksikan sebanyak 5 µl ke dalam UPLC-QToF-MS/MS, kemudian dianalisis dengan software Masslynx 4.1 dan Chemspider. Hasil menunjukkan profil metabolit dari masing-masing ekstrak daun C. cainito, yaitu ekstrak n-heksana dengan 28 senyawa dan diethyltoluamide sebagai senyawa mayor, 47 senyawa terkandung dalam ekstrak etil asetat dengan senyawa mayor loliolide, dan 34 senyawa terkandung dalam ekstrak metanol dengan senyawa mayor yaitu eplerenone. Dari studi literatur diketahui terdapat beberapa senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai fitoestrogen.

Kata Kunci: Metabolite profiling, Chrysophyllum cainito L., UPLC QToF-MS/MS
Optimalisasi Peran Bantuan Hukum Timbal Balik dalam Pengembalian Aset Hasil Tindak Pidana Korupsi
Authors: Lutfi Khoirur Rizal , Putri Retno Anggoro
Published: July 2020

One of the unresolved legal issues in Indonesia is corruption. The problem of law enforcement is not yet optimal so that the assets resulting from criminal acts of corruption which are often in excess of national territory make it difficult to return. Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, abbreviated as MLA, which is expected to help law enforcement is not yet optimal. Indonesia, as a participant country of the United Nations Convention Againts Corruption (UNCAC), does not yet have a regulatory framework that comprehensively regulates the aspects recommended by the convention. This study aims to find out about efforts and mechanisms to optimize the role of MLA in the recovery of assets resulting from criminal acts of corruption in Indonesia, especially those abroad. This research is a normative juridical research conducted by library research and interviews with informants related to the legislation and comparison approach. This article concludes that optimizing the role of MLA requires several steps such as implementing MLA in a more detailed technical format, optimizing the role of law enforcement as the implementer and adopting the concept of Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (NCB).

Abstrak

Salah satu persoalan hukum yang belum terselesaikan di Indonesia adalah korupsi. Masalah belum optimalnya penegakan hukum hingga aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi yang seringkali berada melampaui batas wilayah negara sehingga menyulitkan pengembalianya acapkali menjadi persoalan tersendiri. Pelaksanaan kerjasama Bantuan Hukum Timbal Balik (Mutual Legal Assistance) disingkat MLA yang diharapkan membantu penegak hukum pun dirasa belum optimal. Sebagai negara peserta United Nations Convention Againts Corruption (UNCAC), Indonesia belum memiliki kerangka regulasi yang mengatur secara komprehensif aspek-aspek yang direkomendasikan konvensi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang upaya dan mekanisme optimalisasi peran MLA dalam pengembalian aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia terutama yang berada di luar negeri. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian yuridis normatif yang dilakukan dengan cara studi kepustakaan dan wawancara terhadap narasumber terkait, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan perbandingan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa untuk optimalisasi peran MLA diperlukan beberapa langkah seperti menerapkan MLA dalam format teknis yang lebih detail, optimalisasi peran penegak hukum sebagai pelaksananya, dan adopsi konsep Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (NCB) sebagai muatan substansi MLA.
VALORES ORIENTADORES DO COMPORTAMENTO E AÇÃO DOS AGRICULTORES DE BASE ECOLÓGICA PERTENCENTES À ASSOCIAÇÃO DOS PRODUTORES DA REDE AGROECOLÓGICA METROPOLITANA (RAMA), PORTO ALEGRE/RS, BRASIL
Authors: Bohn Leonardo , Wives Daniela Garcez
Published: July 2020

Sabe-se que o comportamento dos agricultores é orientado a partir de numerosos valores e objetivos e não somente visando à maximização de ganhos financeiros. O entendimento de suas motivações pode ajudar na percepção de como os mesmos agem e tomam suas decisões acerca da gestão e organização dos sistemas produtivos para além de dimensões técnico-econômicas, auxiliando assim numa melhor compreensão dos diferentes processos de desenvolvimento observados no mundo rural. Nesse sentido, o objetivo central deste artigo é compreender quais são os regimes orientadores de valores dos agricultores de base ecológica de Porto Alegre e arredores pertencentes à Associação dos Produtores da Rede Agroecológica Metropolitana – RAMA. Para tanto, foram aplicados questionários semiabertos junto a 15 agricultores, utilizando-se de teorias da psicologia comportamental para análise dos resultados. Destaca-se que as motivações dos agricultores entrevistados são orientadas principalmente por regimes de valores intrínsecos e expressivos. Ou seja, os mesmos norteiam suas decisões e comportamento na busca de maior qualidade de vida e satisfação pessoal através da agricultura.
Potential Study on Soil Arthropods Diversity as Vegetation Bioindicators at Puthuk Siwur and Mount Pundak Hiking Trails District of Mojokerto
Authors: Abdillah Muhibbuddin , Anwar Muhammad Saiful
Published: July 2020

Puthuk Siwur and Mount Pundak located at Mojokerto Region. Soil athropods having important role on ecosystem including the vegetations. This study was aimed for understand the potential of soil arthropods diversity as an vegetation bioindicators. Based on the results some family having potential to correlate with the vegetations on its habitat. Formicidae Family having potential as predators at a location that some of the vegetation producing fruits. Staphinilidae Family having potential for correlated with vegetation that produce leaf debris on high amount. Entomobrydae family having potential for correlated with decomposing activity of dying vegetation bodies at high altitude.
Piercing the corporate veil in various jurisdictions – Principled or unprincipled?
Authors: Alanazi Badar Mohammed Almeajel
Published: July 2020

The principle of limited liability of a company has been uniformly adopted by developed countries. In order to ensure a fair balance, the courts agree on occasion to ‘pierce’ or ‘lift’ the corporate veil, which involves imposing liability on the mother company for actions of its subsidiary or individual shareholders, directors, and other involved persons for actions of the company. In this regard, there have been several studies arguing the legal issues associated with the limited liability of a company and piercing the corporate veil such as Schall (2016) and Michoud (2019). This paper compares current veil-piercing practices in three jurisdictions: the UK, the US, and Australia in order to outline the advantages and limitations of the approaches taken by the courts in each country as well as to identify best practices in terms of veil piercing. For that purpose, an analytical approach to the examination of the relevant legal rules, principles, and court cases has been adopted in undertaking the present paper. The paper comes up with a number of specific suggestions and recommendations for improving the regulatory role in regard to the subject of piercing of the corporate veil.
Ultrafiltration as a simple purification method of a water extract of common bean seed as a natural coagulant
Authors: Prodanovic Jelena , Saric Bojana , Sciban Marina , Kukic Dragana , Vasic Vesna , Popovic Sanja , Antov Mirjana
Published: July 2020

Natural coagulants from a crude water extract of common bean seed showed very
good efficiency of turbidity removal from water of ~89 % under optimal
coagulation conditions, which were determined using response surface
methodology (RSM). However, they also increased the content of organic
matter in treated model water by ~66 %, which is the main drawback of usage
of natural coagulants, in general. Thus, ultrafiltration was applied for
processing of the crude water extract in order to separate biomolecules,
which exhibit the coagulation activity. Four fractions obtained by
ultrafiltration were applied in coagulation tests under the same conditions
as the crude extract, and the 4th fraction (molecules with molecular weights
>30 kDa) with the predominant content of proteins with molecular weights 50
- 60 kDa, achieved almost as high efficiency of turbidity removal (75 %) as
the crude extract. At the same time, the content of organic matter in
treated water increased just for 16 % in comparison to the blank (model
water processed in the same way but without coagulant). After optimization
of process parameters by RSM for usage of the 4th fraction, the coagulation
activity increased further to 80 %.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL AKAR PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) TERHADAP EKSPRESI PROTEIN p53 PADA KANKER PAYUDARA TIKUS BETINA SPRAGUE DAWLEY (SD) YANG DIINDUKSI 7,12-Dimetilbenz[α]anthrasen (DMBA)
Authors: Nurani Laela Hayu
Published: July 2020

Akar pasak bumi mengandung senyawa kuasinoid diduga mempunyai efek penghambatan karsinogenesis, antiulcer, dan antimalaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian eksktrak etanol akar pasak bumi terhadap ekspresi p53 pada kanker payudara tikus betina yang diinduksi DMBA.Tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Kelompok I, II dan III diberi ekstrak etanol akar pasak bumi dosis berturut-turut 100; 200 dan 400 mg/kg BB. Kelompok IV diberi larutan DMBA 20 mg/kg BB. Kelompok V diberi corn oil. Kelompok VI sebagai baseline. Tikus yang mengalami kanker, dihitung jumlah nodul tumornya dan pada minggu ke-23 semua tikus dikorbankan dan diambil jaringannya untuk pengamatan secara mikroskopik menggunakan metode HE dan imunohistokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata ekpresi p53 mutant pada pemberian ekstrak berturut-turut 100, 200 dan 400 mg/kg BB adalah 6,375 ± 4,07; 11,25 ± 16,53; dan 0,875 ± 1,75; kelompok  IV (DMBA) sebesar 13,125 ± 14,4; kelompok V (corn oil) adalah 1,375 ± 1,55; kelompok VI (baseline) adalah 0,375 ± 0,75. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol akar pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) dosis 400 mg/kg BB yang diberikan sebelum dan selama induksi DMBA mampu menurunkan ekspresi protein p53 mutant (proapotosis) dan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan kanker payudara tikus betina Sprague Dawley yang diinduksi 7,12-dimetilbenz(α)antrasen (DMBA).Kata kunci:  akar pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack), kemopreventif, imunohistokimia, ekspresi p53
AKTIVITAS AFRODISIAKA MINYAK ATSIRI KUNCUP BUNGA CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry.)
Authors: Wahyuni Arifah Sri
Published: July 2020

Kuncup bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. Perry.) telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas sebagai afrodisiaka. Kandungan senyawa sterol dan fenolik diduga berkhasiat sebagai afrodisiaka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui efek afrodisiak minyak atsiri kuncup bunga cengkeh pada tikus putih jantan.Minyak atsiri kuncup bunga cengkeh dosis 6,25, 12,5 dan 25 mg/kgBB diberikan satu kali sehari selama 7 hari pada tikus putih jantan (n=6). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap parameter Mounting Latency (ML) dan Mounting Frequency (MF). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri kuncup bunga cengkeh memiliki efek afrodisiak (peningkatan libido) pada tikus putih jantan. Nilai ML menunjukkan 3,0 ± 1 (menit)  dan nilai MF yang diamati dalam waktu 2 jam adalah 77,4 ± 4,1 kali. Kata kunci : Aprodisiaka, Kuncup Bunga Cengkeh, unci : Tanah, Tanaman kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica), kadar Pb, kadar Cd, Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF).
KORELASI KANDUNGAN FENOLIK DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIRADIKAL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN EMPAT TANAMAN OBAT INDONESIA (Piper bettle, Sauropus androgynus, Averrhoa bilimbi, dan Guazuma ulmifolia)
Authors: Kusumowati Ika Trisharyanti Dian
Published: July 2020

Fenolik merupakan senyawa yang memiliki kemampuan untuk merubah atau mereduksi radikal bebas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat korelasi antara kadar fenolik total terhadap aktivitas penangkap radikal ekstrak etanol daun Piper betle (Sirih), Sauropus androgynus (Katuk), Averrhoa bilimbi (Belimbing Wuluh), dan Guazuma ulmifolia (Jati belanda). Penentuan aktivitas antiradikal dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) terhadap ekstrak etanol daun keempat spesies. Absorbansi dibaca pada λ 517,6 nm pada waktu 30 menit. Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan penetapan kadar fenolik total dengan metode Follin Ciocalteu yang dinyatakan dalam Gallic Acid Equivalent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Sirih (IC50 = 22,067 µg/mL; GAE = 210,11 mg/g sampel) mempunyai aktivitas antiradikal lebih besar dibandingkan ekstrak etanol daun Jati Belanda (IC50 = 126,29 µg/mL; GAE = 95,465 mg/g sampel), ekstrak etanol daun Belimbing Wuluh (IC50 = 112,82 µg/mL; GAE = 64,84 mg/g sampel), dan ekstrak etanol daun Katuk (IC50 = 310,82 µg/mL; GAE = 42,79 mg/g sampel). Koefisien korelasi dari persamaan regresi linier antara IC50 dan kadar fenolik total dalam GAE menunjukkan 64,9% aktivitas antiradikal ekstrak disumbangkan oleh kandungan fenolik totalnya. Kata kunci: Piper betle, Sauropus androgynus, Averrhoa bilimbi, Guazuma ulmifolia, antiradikal, fenolik, DPPH.