bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Princípios para o currículo de um curso de Química
Authors: MAXIMIANO FLAVIO ANTONIO
Published: December 2018

RESUMO O presente artigo descreve a mais recente estrutura curricular do curso de graduação em Química do Instituto de Química da USP. Mostra como a opção institucional pela formação de quadros profissionais para atender as demandas da pesquisa científica, do setor produtivo e da educação básica, aliada às características de um instituto de pesquisa e as experiências curriculares anteriores, levou à determinação de princípios que estruturam e organizam o currículo. Dentre tais princípios destacam-se: liberdade acadêmica do aluno na escolha de sua profissão e na definição de seu percurso formativo; uma base sólida de conhecimentos químicos e incentivo a estudos constantes. Por fim, aponta que uma alteração curricular não deve se resumir a uma mudança da grade de disciplinas. O próximo passo envolve uma mudança de cultura que coloca em foco um aprendizado mais ativo por parte do aluno.
As Ciências da Natureza nas 1ª e 2ª versões da Base Nacional Comum Curricular
Authors: MARCONDES MARIA EUNICE RIBEIRO
Published: December 2018

RESUMO Neste texto, intento apresentar e discutir os caminhos percorridos na elaboração das 1ª e 2ª versões da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, iniciada em 2015, Base essa prevista desde a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional de 1986. Apresento um panorama geral do processo, para, em seguida, discutir especificamente, a área das ciências da natureza e as propostas para cada um dos componentes curriculares que compõem a referida área, no ensino fundamental e médio. Procuro estabelecer um diálogo, a partir de meu ponto de vista, entre as propostas e a alfabetização científica.
Perspectivas do ensino de Geociências
Authors: ERNESTO MARCIA , CORDANI UMBERTO G. , CARNEIRO CELSO DAL RÉ , DIAS MARIA ASSUNÇÃO F. DA SILVA , MENDONÇA CARLOS ALBERTO , BRAGA ELISABETE DE SANTIS
Published: December 2018

RESUMO O ensino de Ciências foi incorporado aos currículos escolares somente no século XIX. No Brasil-Império o ensino das Ciências Naturais era incipiente, embora ciências já fizessem parte do currículo do ensino secundário desde a criação do Colégio Pedro II, em 1837. Os primeiros cursos de nível superior em Geociências (Geologia, Geofísica, Meteorologia e Oceanografia) começaram a ser criados somente a partir da segunda metade do século passado. Atualmente, há cursos nessas modalidades em todo o país, que enfrentam, contudo, sérios obstáculos para que o ensino evolua de acordo com as necessidades atuais do mercado de trabalho, e das tendências impostas pelo avanço tecnológico. Neste trabalho analisamos entraves e lacunas profissionais no Ensino Superior e destacamos algumas práticas educacionais capazes de melhorar o aprendizado, que poderiam ser universalizadas. É inadiável expandir a área de Geociências nos cursos de formação e capacitação de professores para a Educação Básica; o artigo reúne alguns fatores essenciais para atingir essa meta.
Aníbal Quijano e a racionalidade alternativa na América Latina: diálogos com Mariátegui
Authors: RUBBO DENI ALFARO
Published: December 2018

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a perspectiva “decolonial” de Aníbal Quijano (1930-2018) e seus usos a partir de José Carlos Mariátegui. Em primeiro lugar, relacionamos o contexto histórico latino-americano desde a década de 1980 ao esforço de interpretação de Mariátegui por Aníbal Quijano, balizado, sobretudo, pela formulação de uma teoria fundacional (filosófica, epistemológica, ética e política) sobre a especificidade da América Latina. Na sequência, Quijano redescobre, assim, certo Mariátegui associado à renovação crítica da teoria social latino-americana. Através de múltiplos mecanismos de difusão, ele estabelece uma reconhecida caracterização filosófica e epistemológica do arsenal mariateguiano, visto como bastião da crítica eurocêntrica (“racionalidade alternativa”), para legitimá-lo como referência fundamental da teoria da “colonialidade do poder”.
Como e por quê escrevemos História do Brasil.Uma interpretação
Authors: MOTA CARLOS GUILHERME
Published: December 2018

RESUMO O livro abrange o longo período do século XIV ao século XXI, analisando os principais traços de nossa História, considerando sistemas, modelos, estruturas e processos dos sucessivos períodos de nossa História: colonial, imperial e republicano. As análises detêm-se no exame dos modos de produção, das correspondentes formações político-sociais, e destaca algumas biografias de algumas personalidades significativas, entre outros, marquês de Pombal, Tiradentes, Tomás Antônio Gonzaga, José Bonifácio, Pedro I, Evaristo da Veiga, Amaro Cavalcanti, Juscelino Kubitschek, Fernando Henrique Cardoso e Luís Inácio Lula da Silva.
Deslignificação do pseudocaule da bananeira pelo caldo de cultivo enzimático de Pleurotus sajor-caju
Authors: Brissac Débora Cristina de Oliveira , Dalonso Nicole , Souza Ozair , Sellin Noeli , Wisbeck Elisabeth , Gern Regina Maria Miranda
Published: December 2018

RESUMO Os materiais lignocelulósicos provenientes da biomassa vegetal, constituídos de celulose, hemicelulose e lignina, precisam ser decompostos para utilização na indústria, pois possuem formação fibrilar compacta de difícil degradação. Sua decomposição pode ser realizada por meio de ácidos, bases, ou enzimas lignocelulolíticas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade de deslignificação do pseudocaule de bananeira por meio da ação de enzimas produzidas por Pleurotus sajor-caju. A deslignificação do pseudocaule da bananeira foi avaliada utilizando tratamento ácido e enzimático, utilizando enzimas produzidas no caldo de cultivo bruto de Pleurotus sajor-caju.O cultivo foi realizado em frascos Erlenmeyer contendo solução Manachini com 10 g L-1 de farelo de pseudocaule como substrato. Os frascos foram inoculados com P. sajor-caju e após 14 dias de incubação a suspensão foi filtrada a vácuo, para obtenção do caldo de cultivo enzimático. No primeiro tratamento (PAE -pseudocaule com tratamento ácido e enzimático), os resultados termogravimétricos indicaram uma perda de massa de 59% relativa à celulose e hemicelulose e a liberação de 8,23 g L-1 de açúcares redutores. No segundo tratamento (PAEI – pseudocaule com tratamento ácido e enzima inativada), os resultados termogravimétricos indicaram perda de massa de 54,5% de celulose e hemicelulose e liberação de 5,18 g L-1 de açúcares redutores. No terceiro tratamento (PE – pseudocaule sem tratamento ácido e com tratamento enzimático), a ação do caldo de cultivo enzimático de P. sajor-caju promoveu perda de massa de 56,6% de celulose e hemicelulose e 6,12 g L-1 de açúcares liberados. Em comparação com a amostra FP (farelo de pseudocaule, sem tratamento ácido ou enzimático) verificou-se uma redução de 25,85% e 43,4% no teor de lignina das amostras PAE e PE, respectivamente. Os resultados apontam para o potencial do caldo de cultivo enzimático de P. sajor-caju na deslignificação do pseudocaule de bananeira.
Mechanical properties and morphological characteristics of ARALL reinforced with TRGO doped epoxy resin
Authors: Monsalve Alberto , Parra Luis , Baeza Diego , Solís Roberto , Palza Humberto
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT Mechanical properties in tension, bending, fatigue and lap-shear in two different proportions (0.5%wt and 1%wt) of TRGO (Thermally Reduced Graphite Oxide) doped ARALL (Aramid Aluminium Laminate) were examined. The materials and their failure modes were characterized morphologically by examination through SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Some mechanical properties of ARALL were improved when doped with 0.5% of TRGO, showing a significant increase of fatigue properties, as well as a change in fracture surface morphology. Tension andbending properties showed variable results and further studies should be carried out to arrive to definitive conclusions, while lap-shear testing showed lower shear values. The results were statistically validated through mono-factorial variance analysis. Comparing the present results with previous work on CNT (Carbon Nanotubes) doped ARALL, it can be stated that: (a) TRGO doped ARALL showed improved fatigue properties when compared with non-doped ARALL, but in a less effective way than doping with CNT, (b) TRGO doped ARALL tension properties showed no significant variation as compared with ARALL alone, showing no deleterious influence as in the CNT doping case, (c) TRGO doped ARALL bending properties resulted better than non-doped ARALL, but similar than those obtained when doping with CNT and (d) TRGO decreased the adherence between aramid fiber impregnated L20 epoxy resin and aluminium. These last results are sustained based on observed improvements as a percentage value, without a statistical variance analysis made on CNT doped ARALL.
Avaliação de diferentes formulações de compostos elastoméricos SBR/NR visando minimizar a pré-vulcanização
Authors: Souza Sérgio Gomes de , Herbst Giulia , Silveira Marcia Luciane Lange , Kurek Ana Paula , Sellin Noeli
Published: December 2018

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar novas formulações para o sistema de vulcanização em compostos elastoméricos a base de borracha estireno-butadieno (SBR) e borracha natural (NR), visando reduzir a formação de compostos pré-vulcanizados pelo aumento no tempo de armazenamento antes do processamento. Foram desenvolvidas formulações alternativas em relação a uma formulação padrão empregada por uma empresa do setor, variando-se os componentes do sistema de vulcanização (ativadores, agentes e aceleradores). As formulações foram avaliadas por ensaios de reologia, ensaios de resistência à tração e alongamento na ruptura, dureza, deformação permanente por compressão (DPC), envelhecimento acelerado em estufa e densidade absoluta. Foram observadas variações significativas nas propriedades dos compostos com as modificações realizadas nos sistemas de vulcanização (S1, S2, S3, P1 e P2), quando comparados com o sistema de vulcanização padrão (S0), principalmente, quando foram utilizados peróxidos orgânicos, como agente de vulcanização. De todas as formulações avaliadas, a que utilizou doador de enxofre e uma maior razão acelerador/enxofre, em relação ao sistema de vulcanização padrão apresentou todas as propriedades de acordo com a especificação técnica exigida para o composto padrão (S0) e redução no tempo de armazenamento e minimização da pré-vulcanização.
Patient-Centered Oncology or Population-Centered Oncology—Which Do We Want, and Which Tradeoffs Are We Willing To Accept?
Authors: Goldstein Daniel A. , Den Robert B.
Published: December 2018

Although the principles of both patient-centered health care goals and population-centered health care goals are thoughtful and well-meaning, they are frequently in conflict. This commentary discusses these conflicts with examples specific to the oncology clinic, with a focus on the question of how society wants medicine to be practiced and the resulting trade-offs that answer will require.
TÜRKİYE’DE ONLINE KOMPULSİF ALIŞVERİŞ DAVRANIŞI ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: Armağan Ece , Temel Eren
Published: December 2018

Teknolojide yaşanan gelişmeler ve tüketici
tercihlerindeki değişimlerle beraber internet üzerinden yapılan ticari
faaliyetler son derece hız kazanmıştır. Türkiye’de online alışverişin payı
toplam ticari faaliyet içerisinde giderek büyümekte, işletmeler, tüketiciler ve
devlet açısından daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Online alışveriş yapan veya bu
potansiyele sahip tüketiciler işletmelerin hedefi haline gelmiştir. Türkiye
için özellikle son 10 yılda hacmi büyümüş olan online alışveriş pazarı,
akademik çalışmalar için yeni ve üzerinde durulması gereken bir olguyu
oluşturmaktadır. Madalyonun diğer yüzünde, online alışverişin olumsuz bir yanı
olarak kompulsif davranışa dönüşebilmesi çalışmanın kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada
online alışveriş faaliyetinde bulunan tüketiciler hedef alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı,
Türkiye’de online kompulsif davranış bozukluğuna ilişkin çıkarımlar elde
etmektir. Tüketicilerin online alışverişe ilişkin tutumları, demografik
özellikler ile ilişkisi saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye genelini
temsil edebilecek bir örneklem ile yapılan saha araştırması sonucu elde edilen
bulgular demografik faktörlerin ve online alışverişe karşı geliştirilen
tutumların kompulsif davranış üzerinde etkili olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.
ORMAN, KÖYLÜ VE DEVLET: ORMANDAN FAYDALANMA, KORUMA VE ORMAN SUÇLARI BAĞLAMINDA ORMAN KÖYLÜSÜ VE DEVLET İLİŞKİLERİ
Authors: YILMAZ Abdurrahman
Published: December 2018

Türkiye’de 22.661 adet orman
köyünde 7 milyondan fazla insan yaşamaktadır. Bu köylerle ilgili en temel
mesele söz konusu orman köylerinin büyük bir bölümünün Türkiye’nin en yoksul
gelir dilimi arasında yer almasıdır. Zengin bir bitki örtüsü ile çevrili olmaları
nedeniyle dışarıdan bakıldığında oldukça cazip görünen bu köyler, ormanın gerek
tarım alanları gerekse de hayvancılığın temeli olan meralar anlamında
oluşturduğu kısıtlılıklar nedeniyle, geçim kaynakları bakımından dezavantajlı
bir durumdadır. Orman köylerini konu alan bir araştırma üzerinde şekillenen bu
makalede, ormanın köylü ve devlet arasında nasıl paylaşıldığı ya da nasıl bir
egemenlik alanı olarak görüldüğü konusuna odaklanılmıştır. Makalede devlet
köylü ilişkileri; ormanların mülkiyeti, korunması ve ormanlardan faydalanma
bağlamında önce tarihi perspektifte ve yasal bir çerçevede, ardından da yakın
zamanda yapılan antropolojik bir alan çalışmasının bulguları bağlamında ele
alınmıştır.
JOHN STUART MILL’İN SİYASET FELSEFESİNDE DEMOKRASİ
Authors: SAFİ İsmail
Published: December 2018

Özgürlük, mutluluk
ve demokrasi Mill’i bir siyaset felsefecisi olarak değerlendirirken üzerinde
durulması gereken anahtar kavramlardır. Mill, geleceğin en büyük sorunu olarak
gördüğü özgürlüğü düşünce özgürlüğü, eylem özgürlüğü ve bir araya gelme
özgürlüğü olmak üzere üç aşamada değerlendirmektedir. Düşünce özgürlüğü için
hiçbir sınır koymayan Mill’e göre hiçbir düşünce susturulmamalıdır; zira her
düşünce potansiyel olarak bir hakikat barındırmaktadır. Bireylerin her türlü eylem
ve bir araya gelme özgürlükleri ise başkalarının refah ve huzuruna zarar
verilmediği sürece bakidir. Mill yaşamın amacını mutluluk olarak görürken,
mutluluğu birbiri ardına yaşanan hazlar şeklinde tanımlamaktan kaçınmaktadır.
Onun ima ettiği mutluluk yalnızca bireyin kendi mutluluğu değil, eylemle ilgili
olan herkesin mutluluğudur. Mill’e göre bir toplumun nasıl yönetileceği o
toplumun karakteri ile doğrudan ilintilidir. Dolayısıyla Mill ideal bir yönetim
şekli iddiasından ziyade toplumun yapısıyla uyumlu bir yönetim şeklinin
aranması taraftarıdır. Mill’in siyaset felsefesinde toplumun tüm zorunlu
ihtiyaçlarını bütünüyle karşılayacak tek yönetim tüm halkın katıldığı
yönetimdir. Toplumun gelişim düzeyi ne kadar yüksekse demokratik yönetimin o
toplum için uygunluğu da o derece yüksek olacaktır. Mill demokrasinin
çoğunluğun tiranlığına dönüşmesinin engellenmesi gerektiğini savunurken doğru
ve yanlış demokrasi arasında ayrım yapmaktadır. Eşit oy hakkı Mill’e göre
yanlış bir demokrasi uygulamasıdır. Onun doğru demokrasisinde çoğunluk değil
nitelik öncelenmekte ve bu yolla sistemin topluma ahlâkî ve entelektüel açıdan
faydalı olması hedeflenmektedir.
Bağ Küllemesi Hastalığının (Erysiphe necator Schw.) Mücadelesinde Farklı İlaçlama Zamanlarını İçeren Programlarının Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Albayrak Selahattin , Karabıçak Yılmaz , Tuncer Serdar , Alaserhat İsmail , Karadoğan Birol , Kalkan Nalan Nazan , Kaya Özkan , Alıcı Harun
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışma ile Bağ
küllemesi (Erysiphe necator) hastalığının mücadelesinde daha etkili olacak bir ilaçlama
programının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Çalışma 2015 yılında, Erzincan ilinin Üzümlü ilçesinde Bağ küllemesi (E. necator) hastalığıyla bulaşık bir üretici
bağında, Karaerik üzüm çeşidinde yapılmıştır. Deneme beş tekerrürlü olarak
tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde kurulmuştur. Çalışmada Bağ küllemesi hastalığıyla mücadelede
farklı ilaçlama zamanlarını içeren Program A, Program B, Program C’ye göre ilaçlamalar
yapılmıştır. Yapılan ilaçlamaların hastalıkla mücadeledeki etkileri
değerlendirilerek en etkili olan ilaçlama programı belirlenmiştir. Tüm
programlara göre yapılan ilaçlamalarda 100g/l Kresoxim-Methyl+200g/l
Boscalid etkili madde içeren (Collis SC, BASF) fungisit, 30ml/100l su dozunda kullanılmıştır.

Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda ilaçlamaların
etkinliği yaprakta Program A %56,13, Program B %71.86,  Program C %77.85; meyvede Program A %61,
Program B %85.06,  Program C %91.25
olarak belirlenmiştir.
A review of the role of platelet rich fibrin in healing and regenerative process and its use in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: DÜLGEROĞLU Turan Cihan , ŞEN Baran
Published: December 2018

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a naturally derived fibrin
scaffold and second-generation platelet concentrate with great potential for
promoting wound healing and the regenerative process via the secretion of
different cytokines and growth factors, enhanced osteoblast adhesion, and
augmentation of collagen protein expression. Given the significance of the
scope of PRF in the field of orthopedic surgery, this study presents an overview
for the role of PRF in the recovery and the regenerative process with emphasis
on its rationale for use and outcome in orthopedic surgery. In conclusion, PRF
offers a new dimension for clinical research with expanded range of potential
applications in orthopedic surgery with a simpler preparation protocol, a
stronger and more stable fibrin polymerization leading to a physiologic
architecture, occurrence of natural clot formation allowing formation of a
flexible and fine fibrin network and a continual and steady release of
cytokines and growth factors, mimicking the requirements of the reparative
tissue and wound healing processes.
Obtaining of NK cell clones using IL-2 and gene-modified K562 cells expressing membrane-bound IL-21 v1
Authors: Streltsova Maria , Erokhina Sofya , Kanevskiy Leonid , Lee Dean , Telford William , Kovalenko Elena
Published: December 2018

Here we present the simple and effective method for obtaining clones of NK cells, sorted according to a given set of surface markers. The lifespan of clones grown by this method can reach 14 weeks and cloning efficiency is up to 50%, depending on the original NK cell subset. Obtained clones are functionally active; they are able to lyse target cells and produce IFNγ. The principle of method includes single cell sorting and further clonal expansion in the presence of IL-2 and gene-modified K562 feeder cells. Our method allows to expand the progeny of a single NK cell up to 10-20×106 NK cells suitable to study phenotype, proliferative and functional activity of a certain NK cell clone. The work was supported by Russian Science Foundation, grant #16-15-00309.
The Use of Effective Strategies to Improve Saudi EFL Dyslexic Learners' Writing Skills
Authors: Menbet Ashwag Ali
Published: December 2018

The use of techniques and strategies is instrumental in teaching different language skills to physically and mentally healthy learners; however, the importance of devising special techniques and strategies to teach dyslexic learners cannot be denied in English as Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms. Dyslexic learners have difficulties particularly in the recognition of words and putting them into writing. Based on the review of previous works and contexts, the present study aims at implementing the two strategies, i.e., multisensory and chunking, to improve Saudi EFL dyslexic learners’ writing skills. The work utilized a qualitative method to collect the data from the participants, i.e., four EFL teachers. Structured interviews were conducted with four EFL teachers from the ‘Alkhamisah Ashrah’ primary school to collect the data and apply the strategies, i.e., multisensory and chunking, to dyslexic learners and see their impacts on dyslexic learners’ writing skill. The study was conducted to develop awareness among parents and society at large about the learning difficulties and needs of dyslexic learners. In addition to this, the study aims to draw the attention of the Ministry of Education, educational institutions, researchers, and pedagogues to measure the academic needs of Saudi EFL dyslexic learners by devising different strategies. Furthermore, the study provides recommendations for the establishment of special schools, infrastructural facilities, well trained teachers, a rubric of strategies, special curriculum, and syllabus to meet the academic needs and enhance comprehension and writing abilities of Saudi EFL dyslexic learners.
Spelling Scoring Metrics in Malay Language: An Investigation among Young Spellers
Authors: Tang Swee Gek , Lee Julia Ai Cheng , Misieng Jecky
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among three spelling scoring metrics, namely, words spelled correctly (WSC), correct letter sequences (CLS), and phonological coding (PC) in Malay language. The relationship between spelling measure and word reading measure was studied. There were 866 Primary 1 (Grade 1 equivalent) students from 11 randomly selected public primary schools in Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia who participated in this study. The study showed that the scores from each scoring metric were highly correlated to each other. There was a strong relationship between each spelling outcome to word reading.
On Chinese Cultural Penetration in College English Reading Teaching
Authors: Wang Ling
Published: December 2018

English reading teaching in college is an important aspect in cultivating students' listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, as well as a vital way to cultivate students' ability of using language. Many scholars have proved that language teaching and culture teaching are inseparable in reading teaching. The cultural penetration in English is emphasized by language researchers. However, a number of teachers pay more attention to words and difficult sentences in English reading teaching, they ignore Chinese traditional culture factors in reading materials and the importance of the traditional Chinese culture teaching in college. college stage is a key period of language learning. At this period, they should gradually understand Chinese traditional culture. It is a prerequisite for college students to strengthen their Chinese cultural knowledge in English learning. However, there are a few studies on the penetration of traditional Chinese culture in college English reading teaching. According to this situation, the author consults many literature surveys of recent years. From the viewpoints of students, teachers and teaching materials, the paper shows the present situation of the Chinese cultural penetration in college English reading teaching. According to the results of study, the paper puts forward some relevant teaching principles and approaches about how to conduct Chinese cultural penetration in English reading teaching.
An Analysis of Symbolic Images in The Scarlet Letter
Authors: Gao Haihong
Published: December 2018

The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathanial Hawthorne in 1850, with the background of seventeenth Century of the early American colonies, taking the tragic love between pastor Arthur Dimmesdale and a woman named Hester's as content, which revealed the dim of American law, and hypocrisy of religion. So this novel filled with the religion plot and conveyed the humanity feelings. This paper focuses on the symbolic technique to analyze The Scarlet Letter. By rethinking and criticizing the Puritanism, this paper wants to reveal the dark side of man nature and arouse readers ’thought on morality. Predecessor researchers analyzed The Scarlet Letter from the aspects of feminist, religion and moral. But this paper turn view, it analyze the novel from symbolic images technique. This paper consists of three parts. The first part introduces the author, including his background, study and work experience, and the influence of his novels. The second part introduces the symbolism, including its definition and effect. In the third part, in order to reveal the hypocrisy of the religious at that time, to reveal the rebellious spirit of women, I will interpret the symbolic images from three aspects: the nature, color, time. Through the analysis of the symbolic images, readers can find the deep meaning of the context, which can strengthen people’s understanding of the characters, scenes and the plot of the novel. This can promote the comprehensive understanding of this greatest novel.
A Survey on the Cultivation of College Students’ Audience Awareness in English Writing
Authors: Liu Jie , Guo Lingyu
Published: December 2018

The strength of audience awareness has a great influence on the content selection, expression and writing techniques of the article. Therefore, the cultivation of the students’ audience awareness in writing becomes one of the key factors that determine the qualities of the students’ compositions. This thesis conducts a questionnaire and interviews on college students from the four grades of Nanchang Normal University in order to reveal the college students’ cognitive status and attitude of audience awareness. Based on the status quo, this thesis analyzes the possible causes of this situation from two aspects: the teachers’ carelessness on audience awareness and overly concern with writing skills, and the students’ shortage of language ability and logical thinking ability and their excessive attention to writing skills. For these reasons, this thesis proposes corresponding countermeasures: in the English writing class, the reader's awareness should be emphasized; the theme of the article needs to be much closer to life; students are supposed to create imaginary readers in writing; the method of readers' feedback should be fully utilized. The use of these strategies will effectively help college students cultivate audience awareness in English writing.
Okul Yöneticilerinin Psikolojik Danışma Ve Rehberlik Servislerine İlişkin Metaforik Algılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Yalçın Sinan , Yılmaz Mustafa , Karakaya Yavuz
Published: December 2018

Metaforlar, kavramlar hakkında zihinsel
algılarımızı yansıtan ifade biçimleridir. İnsanların yaşamlarını, çevrelerini
ve çevrelerindeki olay ve olguları açıklamalarını sağlaması bakımından
metaforlar zihin dünyamızda önemli araçlardır. Okul yöneticilerinin okullarında
bulunan psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik servislerine ilişkin düşüncelerini
metaforlar aracılığı ile tespit etmek amacıyla yapılan bu araştırma nitel
araştırma deseninde tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma alanını Yozgat il
merkezinde görev yapmakta olan 29 okul yöneticisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma
verileri, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile elde edilmiştir. Çalışma
bulgularına göre, okul yöneticileri psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik
servislerine ilişkin olarak toplam 29 adet metafor üretmişlerdir. Üretilen
metaforlar üretilme gerekçeleri dikkate alınarak öncelikle olumlu ve olumsuz
olarak tasnif edilmiş daha sonra temalar halinde gruplandırılmıştır. Okul
yöneticileri okul psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik servisine ilişkin olarak 20
adet olumlu düşünceleri içeren metafor 9 adet olumsuz düşünceleri içeren
metafor üretmişlerdir. Okul yöneticilerinin psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik
servislerine ilişkin ürettikleri metaforlar dikkate alındığında genel olarak
psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik servislerine ilişkin olumlu düşüncelere sahip
oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Okul yöneticilerinin psikolojik danışma ve
rehberlik servislerine ilişkin ürettikleri metaforlar en fazla çözüm teması
kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir.
Öğretmenlerin Çevre Eğitimi Öz-Yeterliklerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: Erkol Mehmet , Erbasan Ömer
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı sınıf öğretmenlerinin çevre eğitimi
öz-yeterliklerinin çeşitli değişkenler (cinsiyet, kıdem, çalışılan yerleşim
yeri, eğitim durumu, proje çalışması yapma, çevreyle ilgili sivil toplum
kuruluşuna üyelik durumu) açısından belirlenmesidir. Bu araştırma betimsel bir
tarama çalışmasıdır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılında
Afyonkarahisar il merkezi, ilçeleri, köy ve kasabalarında bulunan devlet
okullarında görev yapan 197 kadın ve 174 erkek olmak üzere toplam 371 sınıf
öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verilerini toplamak için Özlü, Keskin
ve Gül (2013) tarafından geliştirilen 24 maddelik "Çevre Eğitimi
Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin verdikleri cevaplar SPSS
paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin çevre eğitimine yönelik
öz-yeterlik düzeylerini çeşitli değişkenler (cinsiyet, kıdem, çalışılan
yerleşim yeri, eğitim durumu, proje çalışması yapma, çevreyle ilgili sivil
toplum kuruluşuna üyelik durumu) açısından incelemek amacıyla t-testi ve tek
yönlü varyans analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, sınıf öğretmenlerinin
çevre eğitimi öz-yeterliklerinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Sınıf
öğretmenlerinin çevre eğitimi öz-yeterliklerinin cinsiyet, eğitim durumu ve
çevre ile ilgili sivil toplum kuruluşuna üyelik değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir
farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra sınıf öğretmenlerinin
çevre eğitimi öz-yeterliklerinin kıdem, çalışılan yerleşim yeri ve proje
çalışması yapma değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği görülmüştür.
CONDITIONS OF THE INTERNAL SYSTEM OF EDUCATION QUALITY ASSURANCE IN POLISH HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Derkach Оleksandr
Published: December 2018

An aim of considerations is to present the selected determinants of functioning of internal systems of ensuring the quality of education related to Polish universities. The author’s attention is focused on the international standards and guidelines concerning elements of the system of quality ensuring connected with the Bologna Process and the selected legal regulations in this respect in force in Poland.

The Standards and guidelines for quality assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG) were adopted by the Ministers responsible for higher education in 2005 following a proposal prepared by the European Association for Quality Assurance in High-er Education (ENQA) in cooperation with the European Students’ Union (ESU)1, the European Association of Institutions in Higher Education (EURASHE) and the European University Association (EUA).

Since 2005, considerable progress has been made in quality assurance as well as in other Bologna action lines such as qualification frameworks, recognition and the promotion of the use of learning outcomes, all these contributing to a paradigm shift towards student-centred learning and teaching.

Student-centred learning and teaching plays an important role in stimulating students’ motivation, self-reflection and engagement in the learning process. This means careful consideration of the design and delivery of study programmes and the assess-ment of outcomes.

The teacher’s role is essential in creating a high quality student experience and enabling the acquisition of knowledge, competences and skills. The diversifying student population and stronger focus on learning outcomes require student-centred learningand teaching and the role of the teacher is, there-fore, also changing.

Providing conditions and support that are necessary for students to make progress in their academic career is in the best interest of the individual students, programmes, institutions and systems. It is vital to have fit-for-purpose admission, recognition and completion procedures, particularly when students are mobile within and across higher education systems.

It should be noted that the results of this article can be used to compare the Polish and Ukrainian systems of quality assurance in higher education, as well as the domestic quality assurance procedures

It is important that access policies, admission processes and criteria are implemented consistently and in a transparent manner. Induction to the institution and the programme is provided.

Institutions need to put in place both processes and tools to collect, monitor and act on information on student progression
MANAGEMENT COMPETENCES OF A SCHOOL PRINCIPAL: MODERN TRENDS
Authors: Klokar Nataliia
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the problem of development of management competences of school principals. The author makes a review of world education trends, pays attention to the new approaches of modern competences such as critical thinking, analysis, and problem solving which have been regarded as key indicators for success. Taking into account the theoretical & methodological foundations of the problem which was researched by many Ukrainian & foreign scientists, the author underlines the importance of solving some social & economic problems in order to make modernization of secondary school education system. Very important is to use new approaches of 21st Century Pedagogy: teach how to ‘learn to learn’, promote teamwork, exploit technology to support learning, foster students’ creativity & others. Special attention is paid to World Bank Report 2018 where the analysis of the world education situation is given & to main approaches to competences of a modern person which are described by Association for Talent Development. All these materials are used for scientific research & experimental work on the problem of development of management competences of school principals which are done by the University of Education Management. Analyzing the results of experimental work, the author underlines the fact that all school leaders which took part in the research are ready to learn & to develop their management competences. In the process of the development of such competences a very important thing is to use modern principals: transparency, integration, rights & freedoms, innovation, activity, dynamic & mobility. Critical thinking, knowledge management, performance improvement, instructional design, learning technologies, managing learning programs, coaching, integrated talent management, managing learning programs should be developed in the process of professional activity of school principals.
THE USE OF INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN LISTENING AND SPEAKING OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Krapchatova Yaroslava , Holovko Oksana
Published: December 2018

The article analyzes interactive technologies for the teaching of speaking and computer technologies for the teaching of listening, which are used to improve the foreign communication skills of students of higher educational institutions. The test tasks for checking the English listening competence at each of the stages of working with audio text are introduced as well as the most widely - spread Cooperative Learning structures known as Kagan Structures, particularily the strucutresTeam Statement, Three-Step-Interview, Inside-Outside Circle, which can be effectively used for developing speaking skills at the foreign language lesson, as the goal of Cooperative Learning is to provide the students with ample opportunities of using the language. So they are more likely to attain fluency or communicative competence. Computer tests are offered to improve students’ listening skills and abilities. Various computer exercises are used to check, assess and evaluate lexical and grammatical skills, language and semantic anticipation, understanding of the gist, details and specific information of the text. The stages of working with a listening text (pre-listening, while-listening and post-listening) are provided. The analysis of the “Hot Potatoes” software is given. The following types of computer exercises: multiple choice, multi-select, gap-filling, matching and jumbled-sentence are described and elaborated. A certain computer exercise is used at a certain stage to check and assess a particular skill or ability.
Adaptation in Students of 5th Classes: Relationship between School Anxiety and Learning Motivation
Authors: Borisova I.
Published: December 2018

The article presents results of an empirical study of the relationship between school anxiety and motivation of learning activity at the stage of adaptation in students of 5th classes.The study involved 82 students of Bryansk state school aged 10—11 years, 46 boys and 36 girls.The techniques used in the study included Phillips' school anxiety test and M.R.Ginsburg’s technique for studying learning motivation.The obtained data was analysed using the methods of mathematical statistics (Mann-Whitney criterion and Pearson's criterion).As it was revealed, play motives of learning activity are associated with fear of not meeting the expectations of others and with low physiological resistance to stress.Positional motives are correlated with an individual’s fear of self-expression, of not meeting the expectations of others, with problems and fears in relationships with teachers, with the general level of school anxiety, with learning and social motives.The results of the study can be used by school counselor to reduce school anxiety and increase learning motivation of schoolchildren.
Reputational Orientations in Cadets: An Empirical Study
Authors: Gavrina E.E. , Aksenova G.I. , Kovalchuk I.A. , Tyugaeva N.A.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of reputational orientations in students of educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service and identification of factors influencing the formation of positive and negative reputation of a future employee of the criminal justice system.The study shows how such personality traits as discipline, motivation for self-learning and self-development, anxiety and impulsivity, and intelligence are related to reputational orientations of students.The study involved 275 first-year cadets studying at the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation.We assumed that the development of personal reputation in students is shaped by the following factors: the reputation of the educational group commander, discipline, motivation for self-training and self-development, intelligence, anxiety and impulsiveness.The research findings indicate that during the first year of study the educational process isn’t focused enough on developing skills of forming and maintaining positive reputation in the cadets, which subsequently creates serious problems in their professional development.
Limits of Reproducing Scientific Traditions in Regional Schools of Thought (On the Material of U.V. Ulyenkova’s School of Thought)
Authors: Radina N.K.
Published: December 2018

The paper presents outcomes of an empirical study aimed at identifying the determinants that influence the preservation of the research agenda in a sci entific school by its followers.The study was carried out on the material of U.V.Ulyenkova’s school of thought that has established a unique approach to the diagnostics and treatment of children with delayed mental development.Our hypothesis was that the disciples of this scientific school that carry out their activities within the research agenda and research focus of the school’s founder have high levels of research achievements.In the course of the study we identified and followed a network of 42 disciples of Ulyenkova’s school of thought and evaluated their research activities, including the indices of their publishing activities in the Russian Science Citation Index.As it was revealed, the preservation of the ‘research programme’ of the academic supervisor is not common for this network of disciples, and their focus on studying children with delayed mental development is closely connected with citing U.V.Ulyenkova’s works and works of other members of the network.We emphasise that the key role is that of the social capital of the postgraduate network: co-authoring, readiness to read and cite works of other followers positively correlates with all the main indices of academic achievements of the explored network.
Case Report in Clinical Pediatric Dentistry: How to Review, Organize and Prepare a Manuscript
Authors: Garrocho-Rangel Arturo , Flores-Arriaga Juan Carlos , Saadia Marc , Pozos-Guillén Amaury
Published: December 2018

A case report is a useful type of publication to describe information on unusual clinical diseases or syndromes, new management techniques, potential risk factors/oral disease associations, and uncommon side effects or responses to traditional dental treatments. In the practice of Dentistry and Medicine, the publication of case reports has the purpose of sharing new clinical experiences and knowledge with interested colleagues. Case reports in the field of Evidence-Based Pediatric Dentistry convey unique contributions to the clinical practice and help improve the process of clinical decision making in the form of a brief written communication. Additionally, case reports are potential resources of new hypotheses for more complex methodological designs in clinical research studies and are one of the best ways to get started in scholarly writing. The purposes of the present report were to comment on the role, relevance, and main limitations of case reports in Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, to describe the reasons for writing a case report and some recommendations for critically reviewing a published case report, and finally, to provide the fundamentals of preparing a case report, and finally, to provide the fundamentals of preparing a case report manuscript in a structured manner.
Cannabis Therapy Knowledge Study: Toward Establishing a Pedagogical Tool
Authors: Shahi Ankur , Allain Suzanne , Turner Shelley , Bailey Kathleen
Published: December 2018

Upcoming legalization of cannabis calls for physicians to increase knowledge on medical and recreational cannabis use. We analyzed physician knowledge and opinions on i) mechanism of the endocannabinoid system, ii) current training with cannabis, iii) risks associated with cannabis use, iv) creating effective treatment plans using cannabis and v) future training needs. Physician knowledge and opinions on cannabis are limited and divided. Physicians support integration of cannabis training through webinars, in person training, peer reviewed literature and clinical guidelines. A curriculum must be developed for current and future physicians to create a standard of care as it relates to cannabis.
CRISPR-Cas9 Germline Editing: Full Steam Ahead to Revolutionary Profit or Revolutionary Public Medicine?
Authors: Sai Yuka
Published: December 2018

The CRISPR-Cas9 system uses precise germline genome editing, which enables the mutagenesis of disease sequences in embryonic DNA, thus enabling the birth of healthy individuals who would otherwise inherit genetic diseases. In 2012, the scientific community rushed to claim intellectual property in anticipation of CRISPR’s future economic potential. As the war for commercial territory forges ahead, the question of public accessibility and affordability has largely gone unaddressed. The current drive towards total CRISPR-Cas9 commercialization will lead to exorbitant costs of accessing life-giving treatment, especially in regulatory frameworks that prohibit federal funding of germline editing research.
Agenesis of the Gallbladder: A Phantom Menace
Authors: Nadeau Kara Cherisse , Jiang Henry Y , Paradis Rachelle
Published: December 2018

Objective: Gallbladder agenesis (GBA) is a rare congenital disorder with an estimated incidence of about 0.06%. Despite the absence of a gallbladder, these patients may present with symptoms mimicking biliary colic or cholecystitis. Ultrasound findings and liver function tests are often misleading. Some of these patients undergo laparoscopy without successful identification of gallbladder and paradoxically report symptom relief.

Case: We present a case of GBA in a 54 year-old female, who presented with right-sided abdominal pain. The clinical history and examination were consistent with biliary colic. Initial investigations, including liver function tests, upper endoscopy and ultrasound did not demonstrate upper gastrointestinal pathology and did not clearly identify a gallbladder. Subsequent HIDA scan and CT of the abdomen did not visualize a gallbladder. An MRCP confirmed gallbladder agenesis. The patient was managed conservatively and was symptom free on discharge and follow-up.

Discussion: We wish to highlight four learning points: 1. Patients with gallbladder agenesis often present with biliary symptoms. 2. Ultrasound and CT of the liver may not always identify this anomaly. 3. MRCP is the gold standard for making a diagnosis of gall- bladder agenesis. 4. Surgeons must have a high index of suspicion of GBA when the gallbladder is poorly visualized or not identified on ultrasound.
The Genetics of Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: A Literature Review
Authors: Liu Henry
Published: December 2018

Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial disease characterized by a painless, acute loss of central vision, with 95% of affected individuals harbouring one of three pathogenic mutations (G11778GA, G3460A, or T14484C). The purpose of this review is to highlight the distinguishing clinical presentations of the disease with respect to the mutation subtype and present our recent understanding of two unique features of the disease: male predominance and incomplete penetrance. We also review recent advancements made in the diagnosis and treatment of this rare mitochondrial disease and their implications for genetic counselling.
Pharmacogenetics of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Progress in Two Serotonergic Targets
Authors: Iro Chidiebere Michael , Hamati Rami
Published: December 2018

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifaceted, debilitating condition affecting over 300 million people worldwide. It contributes significantly to social, psychological and economic burdens on individuals and on society at large. Currently, the most widely prescribed antidepressant medications are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which act by blocking serotonin (5-HT) reuptake into presynaptic neurons, thereby increasing the extracellular 5-HT concentration in the brain. However, response to SSRIs and other psychotropic medications used to treat depression is highly variable, with only about one third of patients responding to treatment with an SSRI. This may reflect, at least in part, the genetic heterogeneity of depressed individuals. Studies investigating the genetic components of depression aim to improve treatment outcomes and possibly pave the way for personalized medicine in which the first medication prescribed is the one most likely to result in remission. This review presents the results of several studies on two 5-HT related genes: SLC6A4 and HTR2A, which encode for the serotonin transporter and the serotonin-2A receptor, respectively. Extensive studies have demonstrated that possessing two copies of the long allele (L/L) of the SLC6A4 gene can predict better responses to the SSRI Escitalopram. However, this finding was significant only in the Caucasian population. In addition to this, several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the HTR2A gene also predict clinical outcome, although molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Hence, the results indicate that while there is significant potential for predicting treatment response associated with these and other genetic targets, there is much work left to be done to establish conclusive evidence for and feasibility of pharmacogenetic testing.