bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The deaths of Moses: The death penalty and the division of sovereignty
Authors: Bracken Christopher
Published: June 2018

Derrida insists that any effort to think theological–political power “in its possibility” must begin with the death penalty. In this paper, I revisit the death of Moses Paul, “an Indian,” executed in New Haven in 1772 for the murder of Moses Cook, a white man. The Mohegan minister Samson Occom delivered Paul’s execution sermon and accompanied him to the gallows. Revised, Occom’s sermon was one of the first works published by a Native American author in English. Occom suggests there can be a theological–political power that signals itself not by decreeing the death penalty, but by opposing it. Hence sovereignty can be thought, with and against Derrida, as the theologico-political power to restore life. By opposing death to grace, moreover, Occom achieves a division of sovereignties, creating an opening for Indigenous nations within the scaffolding of the settler state. Working in collaboration, then, Occom and Paul produce a political theology.
Allograft Use Results in Higher Re-revision Rate for Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Nissen Kåre Amtoft , Eysturoy Niclas Højgaard , Nielsen Torsten Grønbech , Lind Martin
Published: June 2018

Background:

The literature on revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) outcomes is generally sparse, but previous studies have demonstrated that autograft use results in improved sports function and patient-reported outcome measures compared with allograft. However, knowledge is still lacking regarding the impact of graft type on rates of re-revision.

Purpose:

To investigate the clinical outcomes and failure rates of revision ACLRs performed with either allograft or autograft.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A search of the Danish Knee Ligament Reconstruction Registry identified 1619 revision ACLRs: 1315 were autograft procedures and 221 were allograft procedures (type of graft was not identified for 83 procedures). Clinical outcomes after 1 year were reported via the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Tegner activity score, and an objective knee stability measurement that determined side-to-side differences in instrumented sagittal knee laxity. Failure was determined as re-revision. Outcomes for revision were provided for the full life of the registry, up to 10 years.

Results:

The re-revision rate was significantly higher for allograft compared with autograft (12.7% vs 5.4%; P < .001), leading to a hazard ratio for re-revision of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4-3.4) for allografts compared with autografts when corrected for age. At 1-year follow-up, objective knee stability was significantly different (2.1 ± 2.1 mm for allograft vs 1.7 ± 1.8 mm for autograft; P = .01), and the KOOS subscale scores for symptoms, pain, activities of daily living, sports, and quality of life were 67, 76, 84, 49, and 46 for allograft and 67, 78, 84, 51, and 48 for autograft, respectively, with no difference between groups.

Conclusion:

In this observational population-based study, the ALCR re-revision rate was 2.2 times greater for allograft compared with autograft procedures. Allograft was associated with greater knee laxity at 1-year follow-up. However, subjective clinical outcomes and knee function were not inferior for allograft patients. These results indicate that autograft is a better graft choice for revision ALCR.
Sticks, Stones, and Molotov Cocktails: Unarmed Collective Violence and Democratization
Authors: Kadivar Mohammad Ali , Ketchley Neil
Published: June 2018

The literature on civil resistance finds that nonviolent campaigns are more likely to succeed than violent insurgencies. A parallel literature on democratization poses mass mobilization as exogenous to political liberalization. Contributing to both literatures, we propose the category of unarmed collective violence to capture an empirically recurring form of unruly collective action used by civilians and then use a mixed methods research design to examine its impact on democratization. An event history analysis finds that riots are positively associated with political liberalization in 103 nondemocracies from 1990 to 2004. Attacks by civilians on police stations during the January 25 Egyptian Revolution illustrate one way in which unarmed collective violence can bring about a democratic breakthrough. A qualitative examination of all 80 democratic transitions held between 1980 and 2010 also reveals the salience of unarmed collective violence by civilian forces. These findings contribute to research on the dynamics of contentious democratization and suggest that remaining unarmed may be more consequential for a democracy campaign than adhering to nonviolence.
Role of Community-based Organisations in Promoting Democratic Local Governance at the Grassroots in Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan Md. Imran Hossain , Hassan S. M. Kamrul , Islam Kazi Maruful
Published: June 2018

Democratic local governance (DLG) is often regarded as a necessary precondition for transforming lives and livelihoods of people living in the rural areas of developing countries. This article tries to answer how community-based organisations (CBOs) shape the way services are delivered by local government agencies in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the article explores how the community’s, especially women’s, demands and interests are being negotiated at local political institutions. In doing so, the research focuses on Union Parishad (UP) as the core institution of the local power structure and Kachukata Gram Unnayan Parishad (GUP) as the case of a women-led CBO. It has been observed that Kachukata GUP has evolved as a full-fledged CBO over the years and currently mobilises marginalised groups to establish their rights and access to various government and non-government organisations. In addition to ensuring gender-responsive governance, GUP is also creating space for participation and developing interactive relationship between the people and power at the grassroots in Bangladesh.
Bullet impacts and built heritage damage 1640–1939
Authors: Mol L. , Gomez-Heras M.
Published: June 2018

Conflict damage to heritage has been thrust into the global spotlight during recent conflict in the Middle East. While the use of social media has heightened and enhanced public awareness of this ‘cultural terrorism’, the occurrence of this type of vandalism is not new. In fact, as this study demonstrates, evidence of the active targeting of sites, as well as collateral damage when heritage is caught in crossfire, is widely visible around Europe and further afield. Using a variety of case studies ranging from the 1640s to the 1930s, we illustrate and quantify the changing impact of ballistics on heritage buildings as weaponry and ammunition have increased in both energy and energy density potential. In the first instance, this study highlights the increasing threats to heritage in conflict areas. Second, it argues for the pressing need to quantify and map damage to the stonework in order to respond to these challenges.
Melanopsin (Opn4) utilizes Gαi and Gβγ as major signal transducers
Authors: Kankanamge Dinesh , Ratnayake Kasun , Samaradivakara Saroopa , Karunarathne Ajith
Published: June 2018

Melanopsin (Opn4), a ubiquitously expressed photoreceptor in all classes of vertebrates, is crucial for both visual and non-visual signaling. Opn4 supports visual functions of the eye by sensing radiance levels and discriminating contrast and brightness. Non-image-forming functions of Opn4 not only regulate circadian behavior, but also control growth and development processes of the retina. It is unclear how a single photoreceptor could govern such a diverse range of physiological functions; a role in genetic hardwiring could be one explanation, but molecular and mechanistic evidence is lacking. In addition to its role in canonical Gq pathway activation, here we demonstrate that Opn4 efficiently activates Gi heterotrimers and signals through the G protein βγ. Compared with the low levels of Gi pathway activation observed for several Gq-coupled receptors, the robust Gαi and Gβγ signaling of Opn4 led to both generation of PIP3 and directional migration of RAW264.7 macrophages. We propose that the ability of Opn4 to signal through Gαi and Gβγ subunits is a major contributor to its functional diversity.
Common signalling pathways in macrophage and osteoclast multinucleation
Authors: Pereira Marie , Petretto Enrico , Gordon Siamon , Bassett J. H. Duncan , Williams Graham R. , Behmoaras Jacques
Published: June 2018

Macrophage cell fusion and multinucleation are fundamental processes in the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) in chronic inflammatory disease and osteoclasts in the regulation of bone mass. However, this basic cell phenomenon is poorly understood despite its pathophysiological relevance. Granulomas containing multinucleated giant cells are seen in a wide variety of complex inflammatory disorders, as well as in infectious diseases. Dysregulation of osteoclastic bone resorption underlies the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and malignant osteolytic bone disease. Recent reports have shown that the formation of multinucleated giant cells and osteoclast fusion display a common molecular signature, suggesting shared genetic determinants. In this Review, we describe the background of cell–cell fusion and the similar origin of macrophages and osteoclasts. We specifically focus on the common pathways involved in osteoclast and MGC fusion. We also highlight potential approaches that could help to unravel the core mechanisms underlying bone and granulomatous disorders in humans.
Source parameters estimation from broadband regional seismograms for earthquakes in the Aegean region and the Gorda plate
Authors: Agalos A. , Papadimitriou P. , Voulgaris N. , Makropoulos K.
Published: June 2018

Seismic moment tensors are estimated for earthquakes offshore Northern California and Greece using inversion of regionally recorded broadband seismograms. This study includes inversion results for the strongest events that occurred inside the Gorda plate and near the Mendocino triple junction from 1991 to 2005. The regional results are in good agreement with obtained teleseismic results. We finally applied the moment tensor inversion methodology and validation mainly to moderate sized earthquakes, with magnitude greater than M~4.0, in the Aegean area. The focal mechanisms of HI earthquakes that occurred during the time period between June 2003 and March 2007 were estimated using this procedure.
Recent 2005-2006 strong seismic activity in Greece under the aspect of seismicity parameters temporal variation analysis
Authors: Baskoutas I. , Papadopoulos G. A. , Karakostas V. , Papadimitriou E.
Published: June 2018

Recent strong seismic excitation (2005-2006), which occurred at the northwestern part of the Hellenic arc and north ofSamos Island close to the coasts of the Asia Minor, is investigated under the aspect of temporal variation seismicity profile of activated seismic zones. Seismicity profile is constructed by the means ofther FastBEE analysis introduced recently. Seismicity parameters considered in this study are b-value, energy releasee in the form logE2/3 and the quantity logNofthe cumulative number of events, in the examined area. Due to homogeneity and completeness reasons, the earthquakes with magnitudes Mi>3.0 since 1990 from the earthquake catalogue of the Geodynamic Institute of the National Observatory of Athens, is used to perform the present analysis in both areas. Temporal variation profiles for both areas show a remarkable fluctuation around their mean value and specifically above the limits of the calculated standard errors behaviour forming a temporal pattern, which can be attributed to earthquake preparation process. In this temporal pattern, b value, which is related to the seismogenic process in many previous studies all over the world shows a tendency to increase and then to decrease before the occurrence of a strong earthquake, and at the same time the quantity logE 3 shows a tendency to decrease and then to increase before the strong event occurrence Mis identification of such a clear pattern for a period of time can be attributed to the lack of adequate data.
First geophysical results in the Archeological sites of Θούρια (Péloponnèse, Hellas) and Sibari-Thurii (southern Italy)
Authors: Di Fiore B. , Chianese D. , Loperte A. , Conte G. , Dibenedetto A. , Vitti P. , Voza O. , Greco E.
Published: June 2018

High resolution techniques for data acquisition and processing procedures are increasingly applied in near-surface geophysics for archaeology. In this paper we present the preliminary results of two geophysical measurements campaigns aimed to the investigation of buried remains in the archaeological sites of Θουρία (Péloponnèse, Hellas) and Sibari (Southern Italy). In the first field survey the geophysical approach involved the integrated application of the geoelectrical and magnetic methods and an innovative tomographic analysis for the inversion of both resistivity and magnetic data. In the second case, we carried out high resolution magnetic measurements, interpreted by means of the use of an appropriate filtering procedure. The applied data inversion allows us to provide reliable space patterns of the most probable specific target boundaries, improving the information quality of geophysical methods. The results obtained at this early stage of data processing confirm some archaeological hypothesis about the investigated areas and confirm that the use of integrated geophysical methods allows the archaeologists to reduce the time and the costs of their surveys.
Anelasticity beneath the Aegean inferred from Rayleigh wave attenuation
Authors: Kassaras I. , Louis F. , Magganas A. , Makropoulos K. , Kaviris G.
Published: June 2018

Anelasticity of the Earth crucially affects the propagation of seismic waves especially, in the long period range. However, even though the elastic properties of the Aegean deep lithosphère and upper mantle have been thoroughly investigated, their quantitative anelastic properties that influence the long period wavefield are still largely unknown. This work is towards contributing to the better knowledge of the deep structure of the Aegean by introducing experimental anelastic parameters via the study of long period Rayleigh waves attenuation. For this scope, fundamental mode attenuation coefficients (γ%) have been obtained for different two-station great-circle paths across the Aegean. The data used were provided by a broadband array installed in the area for 6 months in 1997. More than 1100 seismograms were analyzed in the 10-100 s range to obtain 17 sets of path average γR(T) functions. The attenuation coefficients are in the range 2.5*10~3 — 0.15 x 10' km' and correlate sufficiently with both experimental measurements in active tectonic regions elsewhere and synthetics generated with the use of an attenuation reference model inferred from other sources. By applying a stochastic uncoupled causal inversion method an average joint Qß'1 and shear velocity model representative of the under study area was obtained. Furthermore, path average JR(T) functions were combined in a continuous regionalization tomographic scheme to obtain local yR(T) and tomograms were constructed in the range 10-60 s. The most prominent feature in the tomograms is a high attenuation region in the central and north Aegean. This region is located south of the North Anatolian Trough and correlates well with a low shear velocity zone inferred from surface wave phase velocities. Moreover, it is associated with observed intense extensional deformation rates, mantle olivine anisotropy, recent volcanism and high heat flow.
Earthquake/noise discrimination and estimation of P-S phases based on wave characteristics
Authors: Kokinou E. , Panagiotakis C. , Vallianatos F.
Published: June 2018

Aim of the present work is to adapt and develop an algorithm for extracting first motion information from earthquake seismograms. In specifics, the present paper deals with the characterization of the ζ component of a given seismogram in order to discriminate an earthquake signal from noise recording. Segmentation and further classification of the seismogram comprises the initial step. The earthquake detection (P arrival) is performed using a low computation cost method based on signal energy. Furthermore, accurate picking of S arrival is based on signal energy and central frequency estimation. Experimental results show satisfied efficiency of the pre-mentioned scheme, low processing time and potential application in real-time environment
Teleseismic body wave inversion
Authors: Moshou A. , Papadimitriou P. , Makropoulos K.
Published: June 2018

Body wave inversion methodology is developed to determine the earthquake source parameters in teleseismic distances. The generalized inversion technique, based on the singular value decomposition method, is applied to determine the deviatone moment tensor which is decomposed in two parts. The first one is related to the pure Double Couple (DC) and the second one to the compensated linear vector dipoles (CLVD). The best solution of the overdetermined problem is obtained by minimizing the misfit between observed and synthetic seismograms. The proposed methodology is applied for the four strongest earthquakes that occurred recently in Greece (2001-2006)
Identification of temporal patterns in the seismicity of Sumatra using Poisson Hidden Markov models
Authors: Orfanogiannaki K. , Karlis D. , Papadopoulos G. A.
Published: June 2018

On 26 December 2004 and 28 March 2005 occurred two of the largest earthquakes of the last 40 years between the Indo-Australian and the southeastern Eurasian plates, with moment magnitudes Mw=9.1 and Mw= 8.6 respectively. Complete data (mb > 4.2) of the post-1993 time interval (Fig. 1) have been used to apply Poisson Hidden Markov Models (PHMM in identifying temporal patterns in the time series of the two main shocks. Each time series consists of earthquake counts, in given and constant time units, in the regions determined by the aftershock zones of the two main shocks. In PHMM each count is generated by one of m Poisson processes, that are called states. The series of states is unobserved and is, in fact a Markov chain. The model incorporates a varying seismicity rate; it assigns a different rate to each state, and detects the changes of the rate over time. In PHMM, unobserved factors related to the local properties of the region, affect the earthquake occurrence rate. Estimation and interpretation of the unobserved sequence of states that underlie the data contribute to a better understanding of the geophysical processes that take place in the region. We applied PHMM to the time series of earthquakes preceding the two main shocks, and we estimated the unobserved sequences of states that underlie the data. The results showed that the region of the 26 December 2004 earthquake was in state of low seismicity during about 400 days before the earthquake occurrence. On the contrary, in the region of the 28 March 2005 earthquake a transition from a state of low seismicity to a state of high seismicity was observed immediately after the occurrence of the big earthquake of 26 December 2004.
Tectonic structure of Central-Western Attica (Greece) based on geophysical in vestigations-Preliminary results
Authors: Papadopoulos T. D. , Goulty N. , Voulgaris N. S. , Alexopoulos J. D. , Fountoulis I. , Kambouris P. , Karastathis V. , Peirce C. , Chailas S. , Kassaras J. , Pirli M. , Goumas G. , Lagios E.
Published: June 2018

In an effort to investigate the deep geological structure in the broader area of central-western Attica, that suffered severe damage during the destructive Athens earthquake of September 7th, 1999, the Department of Geophysics-Geothermics of the Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment of Athens University, in collaboration with the Geodynamic Institute of National Observatory of Athens and the Department of Geological Sciences of Durham University, carried out a combined geophysical survey. For the first time in Attica, seismic and gravity geophysical methods were applied along profiles, in such an extensive scale. Within the framework of this investigation the following tasL· were accomplished: a) Three (3) seismic lines of about 30 kilometres of total length, two (2) in the area of Thriassion plain and one (1) along the Parnitha-Krioneri-Drosia-Ekali-Dionysos axis (Attica plain) and b) 338 gravity measurements distributed along eight (8) gravity profiles, four (4) of which in Thriassion plain, three (3) in Petroupoli-Aharnes-Thrakomakedones region (Attica plain) and one (1) along Parnitha-Krioneri-Drosia-Ekali-Dionysos axis (Attica plain). Preliminary results of the geophysical investigation combined with existing geological and tectonic data are presented in this paper. Significant variation in the elevation of the alpine basement has been detected, expressed by manifestation of low and high subsurface areas which are well correlated with existing fault zones. In the area of Thriassion plain the thickness of post-alpine sediments is estimated of a few hundred meters (<500 meters) and huge thickness of several hundred meters (-800 meters) of post-alpine sediments were detected in Thrakemakedones and Krioneri areas. The relief of alpine basement is more intense in fault zones areas, such as Thriassion plain (WNW-ESE), Pathitha and Kifissos (NE-SW) as well as along the fault zone outline the Fili and Aharnes graben and is covered by postalpine formations
Applying the INQUA scale to the Sofades 1954, Central Greece, earthquake
Authors: Papathanassiou G. , Valkaniotis S. , Pavlides S.
Published: June 2018

Macroseismic intensity scales are used in order to measure the size of an earthquake using the impact of the ground shaking on humans, man made environment and nature. The INQUA scale is a new scale based solely on the earthquake-induced ground deformations, proposed by the INQUA Subcommission on Paleoseismicity. This scale is applied to the Sofades 1954 earthquake in order to test its accuracy and reliability. From the comparison among the evaluated intensities based on MM scale with the degrees of INQUA intensity at several locations, we conclude that, in case of earthquakes which triggered remarkable geological effects, these intensity values are about the same. Nonetheless, the use of INQUA scale is suggested in combination with the existing ones, as an assessing tool of the intensity based only on geological effects
Seismogenic sources and related active faults in the gulf of Corinth; a combined approach
Authors: Segou M. , Lozios S.
Published: June 2018

The neotectonic graben of Corinth gulf forms an interesting case study from the geodynamical and seismological point of view, since specific characteristics met on the fault zones around the gulf and the adjacent seismological data pose several questions related with the overall modern activity across a number of neotectonic faults. Indexing active fault zones with structural, seismological and sedimentological criteria leads to thorough understanding of the evolution and modern activity and provide researchers useful tools in order to evaluate the degree of present day activity of the broader area. The combined approach proposed here, with joint use of both, seismogenic sources and structural evidence, contributes to the re-evaluation of the earthquake potential by assessing the role of active features in the already complex geodynamic environment of the Corinthian gulf
Seismic history of Pel la and the 1st century B.C. earthquake
Authors: Zamba I. , Kouskouna V.
Published: June 2018

Research and evaluation of past and recent seismic records is required in order to obtain an overall picture of the seismic history of a given region. To this aim, important information can be collected through the study of monuments and the damage that they may have experienced during their history. Consequently, the archaeological reports on a hitherto unknown earthquake of the Is' century B.C. in Pella (northern Greece) are particularly interesting. These reports are based on the findings that came to light after the excavations of I.Akamatis in the region where the ancient town of Pella was laying. Beginning with this earthquake, this study tries to reach useful conclusions on the seismicity of Pella, in terms of macroseismic intensities from all earthquakes that have affected the town. For all these events, the intensity attenuation relations were used to calculate the macroseismic intensity in Pella. Although it is known a priori that the area is characterized as a relatively low seismicity area, the picture of its seismic history indicates the existence of damaging earthquakes with relatively large return periods. More specifically, in Pella the maximum observed intensity was found to be 7/8 during its seismic history, indicating the picture of low-to-moderate seismic hazard in the region.
The environmental impact of the Copper industry in the Fani River Valley (Repsi "Hot spot") Mirdita, Albania
Authors: Daci A. , Kaza G. , Deda T. , Hoti S.
Published: June 2018

For more than 40 years, full cycle Copper industry has exercised its activity in central Mirdita, as one of the priorities for the economic development of this zone. Copper deposits have been discovered in many parts of the territory of central Mirdita, whereas the main activity of the mining and processing industry is located in the Fan iriver valley. The interruption of industrial activity after the years '90, could not stop the negative environmental impact. The presence of dumps in Fani river banks (as in Repsi, Rresheni and Rubiku) and numerous mining works· (addits) in Spaçi and Kodër Spaçi slopes, from which many acid waters drain, including also the natural leaching of surface outcrops of mineralized zones, make  up a serious danger to the biodiversity of this area. Several recommendations to reduce the environmental impact of the tailings and copper ores in the dumps in Fani river valley are given in this paper
Heavy metal and metalloid concentration dynamics in mine and surface waters in the vicinity of Chiprovtsi and Martinovo mines, Northwestern Bulgaria
Authors: Dimitrova D. , Cholakova Z. , Velitchkova N. , Kotsev Ts. , Mladenova V. , Kerestedjian T. , Antonov D.
Published: June 2018

Chiprovtsi silver-lead and Martinovo iron mines represent the biggest mining area in Northwestern Bulgaria, which was operated till 1999. Their long-lived operation leads to proved pollution of the environment in the vicinity of the mines, especially water and soil. Seasonal monitoring of heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) and metalloid (As and Sb) concentrations in mine, surface (river) and drinking waters was carried out during May and August 2006 to determine the level of contamination of the Chiprovska Ogosta river basin resulting from the long-lived mining activity and whether these abandoned mines continue to be potential source for water pollution. This study proves significant As concentrations in mine (up to 170 μg/l) and surface waters (between 50 and 621 μg/l). The presence of other heavy metals, such as Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb, and metalloid — Sb is also recorded. Among them, Pb was found in considerable concentrations - up to 1456 pg/l during May 2006 sampling exhibiting great concentration variability between dry and wet sampling seasons. Sb is also determined in mine waters (up to 25 pg/l), but not exists in surface and drinking waters. Drinking waters are proved to be free of heavy metals and metalloids.
Atlas of airborne particles from Kozani area, Northern Greece
Authors: Iordanidis A. , Buckman J. , Triantafyllou A. G. , Asvesta A.
Published: June 2018

During a whole year (March 2003 to February 2004), several filters that capture airborne particles were collected from seven sampling sites spread throughout the Ptolemais-Kozani region (Western Macedonia), northern Greece. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM), coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX) was employed for the characterisation of the airborne particles. A classification of these airborne particles is attempted in this study. Aerosols with various morphological characteristics (angular, irregular, rounded, spherical, spheroidal, acicular), variable size (mostly between 5ßm and 20pm) and composition (aluminosilicates, oxides, carbonates, sulphates, metallic) were recognized. The airborne particulates were also categorized according to their origin. Geogenie, biogenic, anthropogenic (mainly fly ash released from lignite-fired power plants), carbonaceous and metalliferous (mainly iron and copper enriched) were the main categories. A database of characteristic airborne particles from Kozani area is being created using a simple software package, in order to help similar studies in the future.
Comparative evaluation of water collection methods using multicriteria decision making analysis
Authors: Mariolakos D.
Published: June 2018

The necessity for the improvement and change of the way to collect water is of great need, especially nowadays that water tends to become a limited natural resource. The aim of this project is to study and evaluate an alternative water collection method, the artificial recharge, and compare it with the conventional established method of dam construction. The evaluation tool is a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Analysis. Multi-Criteria Analysis evaluates these two methods based on certain common criteria. More precisely, each method is examined multi-dimensionally, so that all aspects and possible problems of the application of these methods are studied.
Development of linear erosion forms under the influence of technogenic conditions
Authors: Mazaeva O. A. , Khak V. A.
Published: June 2018

The activation of linear erosion forms in the south of the Irkutsk amphitheatre was stimulated by the construction and exploitation of the Bratsk water-storage reservoir in mid-XX century. In the paper, the characteristics and interaction of natural and technogenic factors influencing the erosion process are described. The construction of reservoir gave rise to new erosion mechanisms such as karst-erosion, aeolianerosion and abrasion-erosion, which did not occur under the natural (undisturbed) conditions. The large-scale topographic maps were used for evaluation of the spatial distribution of erosion in the shore zone; the active erosion processes were observed in 16 areas of the Bratsk reservoir's shore zone; the overall erosionaffected area of the Bratsk reservoir's shore is 332.9 thousand m2.
PAHs in fly ash from lignite combustion
Authors: Stefanova M. , Marinov S. P. , Gonsalvesh L. , Mastral A. , Callen M. , Gadjanov P.
Published: June 2018

This paper describes state-of the art for isolation and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fly ash from lignite combustion in Maritza East Thermal Power Plant, Bulgaria. Total sum of-17 microg/kg solid by-product PAHs was determined. The profile of PAHs distribution according to the number of aromatic rings in the molecule (R) was determined. Organic extracts were mainly composed by PAHs, their alkylated homologues and heteroatom containing counterparts with dominance of three/four cyclic aromatic compounds. Respectively, relative carcinogenic potency values for PAHs compared to Benzofajpyrene with TEFEPA =1 was not high - 0,07385. Seventeen PAHs, some of them in the list of USEPA for priority pollutants with expressed carcinogenic/mutagenic potential, were identified and quantified by mass spectroscopy (GC/MS/MS) and d-PAHs as internal standards. Determined values for contents of PAHs under regulation were lower than their backgrounds in Bulgarian soils. Nevertheless PAHs in combustion fly ash should be monitored because of high solid by-products annual production and problems of reuse
Investigation of gut microbiome association with inflammatory bowel disease and depression: a machine learning approach
Authors: Morell Miranda Pedro , Bertolini Francesca , Kadarmideen Haja N.
Published: June 2018

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic diseases related to inflammatory processes in the digestive tract generally associated with an immune response to an altered gut microbiome in genetically predisposed subjects. For years, both researchers and clinicians have been reporting increased rates of anxiety and depression disorders in IBD, and these disorders have also been linked to an altered microbiome. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of comorbidity are poorly understood at the gut microbiome level.

Methods: Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data were retrieved from the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Multi-Omics Database. Samples from 70 individuals that had answered to a self-reported depression and anxiety questionnaire were selected and classified by their IBD diagnosis and their questionnaire results, creating six different groups. The cross-validation random forest algorithm was used in 90% of the individuals (training set) to retain the most important species involved in discriminating the samples without losing predictive power. The validation set that represented the remaining 10% of the samples equally distributed across the six groups was used to train a random forest using only the species selected in order to evaluate their predictive power.

Results: A total of 24 species were identified as the most informative in discriminating the 6 groups. Several of these species were frequently described in dysbiosis cases, such as species from the genus Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Despite the different compositions among the groups, no common patterns were found between samples classified as depressed. However, distinct taxonomic profiles within patients of IBD depending on their depression status were detected.

Conclusions: The machine learning approach is a promising approach for investigating the role of microbiome in IBD and depression. Abundance and functional changes in these species suggest that depression should be considered as a factor in future research on IBD.
Breakfast Skipping and overweight/obesity among European adolescents, a cross-sectional analysis of the HELENA dataset: a DEDIPAC study.
Authors: Barrett Nora , Riordan Fiona , Michels Nathalie , Frost Andersen Lene , vant Veer Pieter , Moreno Luis A. , Widhalm Kurt , Manios Yannis , Gottrand Frederic , Santaliestra-Pasías Alba M. , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Censi Laura , de Henauw Stefaan , Kersting Mathilde , Harrington Janas M.
Published: June 2018

Background: The aim was to examine demographic and dietary factors associated with breakfast skipping, and the relationship of breakfast skipping with overweight/obesity among adolescents across Europe.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study (n=3528) conducted in ten European cities: Athens (Greece), Dortmund (Germany), Ghent (Belgium), Herkalion (Greece), Lille (France), Pecs (Hungary), Rome (Italy), Vienna (Austria), Stockholm (Sweden) and Zaragoza (Spain) were used.  Analysis was carried out using a sub-sample of adolescents (n=1894) aged 12.5-17.49 years with data on breakfast skipping and two days of 24-Hour Diet Recall data. As 24-Hour Recall data was not available from Pecs (Hungary) this city was excluded. Using responses from the Food Choices and Preferences Questionnaire adolescents were classified as breakfast skippers or non-breakfast skippers. All analyses were stratified by sex. Differences in the intake of macronutrients, both overall and when breakfast was excluded, and key foods were compared between skippers and non-skippers using Wilcoxen Rank Sum test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity.

Results: Overall, 44% of females were skippers compared to 36% of males. Among both male and female estimated mean fibre intake and median fruit intake were significantly lower among skippers compared to non-skippers. Male skippers were significantly more likely than non-skippers to be overweight/obese [AOR = 2.34, 95% CI, 1.40-3.90] but this was not observed among females [AOR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.59-1.34].

Conclusions: Different patterns of daily macronutrient intake were observed among adolescents who skip and do not skip breakfast.  In males, breakfast skipping was associated with increased odds of being overweight/obese. Gender may play a key part in breakfast skipping behaviours. These results present an opportunity to identify and target adolescents who may be at risk of a poorer nutritional profile or overweight/obesity.
Biogeography and relationships within the Melanthera alliance: A pan­tropical lineage (Compositae: Heliantheae: Ecliptinae)
Authors: Edwards Robert D. , Cantley Jason T. , Chau Marian M. , Keeley Sterling C. , Funk Vicki A.
Published: June 2018

The taxonomic history of the Melanthera alliance is long and convoluted with many generic name changes and requires a robust phylogeny to clarify taxonomic concepts within the group and to begin asking questions of its evolutionary history. For a time, prevailing classifications placed all species in the genus Melanthera except for a handful of tetraploids from the Hawaiian Islands being recognized as a distinct genus: Lipochaeta. Recent morphological revision has reopened debate by proposing six genera: Apowollastonia, Echinocephalum, Lipotriche, and Melanthera, and two Pacific Island genera representing diploids (Wollastonia) and tetraploids (Lipochaeta), plus four closely related genera expected to fall outside the alliance (Acunniana, Indocypraea, Lipoblepharis, Quadribractea). Here, we present the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny to date of the taxa variously associated with Melanthera in order to test these competing generic limits and explore the biogeographic history of this pan­tropical lineage. The data are consistent with six segregate genera, including the sinking of Hawaiian Islands members of Wollastonia (Melanthera) back into a broader concept of Lipochaeta, although there is currently no recognized morphological synapomorphy to distinguish Lipochaeta s.l. from Wollastonia. Our results suggest that the Melanthera alliance originated some time during the Pliocene or Pleistocene and a strong contemporary presence of the alliance and closely related Ecliptinae outgroups in the Americas suggests that this region may have been the center of origin with subsequent dispersal. We illustrate the difficulty of reconstructing the dispersal history of the remaining genera and present the most parsimonious colonization hypotheses.
The psychological, psychotherapeutic and medical dimensions of the activities of social services in Poland
Authors: Żukiewicz Arkadiusz , Baran Agnieszka , Cyranka Katarzyna
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The article is an attempt to look at the issue of functioning of social services in Poland from an interdisciplinary perspective, presenting common areas of activity of professionals with socio-pedagogical affiliation with representatives of psychological, psychotherapeutic and medical
environments. The considerations relate not only to the literature of the subject, but also to the research of the authors in this regard. The purpose of the presented reflection is also to indicate the areas of interdisciplinary scientific cooperation, including research. Its effect could be generating new research problems and solving them in the course of the work of interdisciplinary teams.
Post-traumatic stress disorder among patients waiting for cardiac surgery
Authors: Kokoszka Andrzej , Bohaterewicz Bartosz , Jeleńska Karolina , Matuszewska Agata , Szymański Piotr
Published: June 2018

Aim of the study

The study aims at a preliminary assessment of the occurrence of PTSD among patients awaiting major heart surgery and the assessment off the reliability of the Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R).

Subject or material and methods

100 consecutive patients scheduled to non-emergency cardiac surgery were screened using a brief list of PTSD symptoms. Those who responded affirmatively, were ask to fill in the IES-R and then underwent structured Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and a clinical assessment according to the DSM-5 criteria.

Results

Fourteen of fifteen patients who completed the IES-R obtained results indicating a possibility of PTSD. Five of them refused to undergo a psychiatric examination. Four of nine patients whose IES-R scores indicated PTSD, met its criteria according to MINI. and DSM-5. One PTSD case was related to cardiological problems.

Discussion

The results of the present study do not support the hypothesis that heart disease is a stressor causing PTSD in patients awaiting cardiac surgery. Moreover, the results impair the conclusions suggesting high rate of PTSD occurrence among some populations of cardiological patients, in research conducted with self-rating scales. The results of the presented study demonstrate that clinical psychiatric examination is necessary to properly confirm a PTSD diagnosis.

Conclusions

The prevalence of PTSD (4%) in the study group was higher than in the general population in Poland, but the heart related stressor was found only in one case (1%), that is equal with the rate of PTSD. The reliability of IES-R is low due to a large number of false-positives.
Rola tłumacza a potrzeby epoki (koncepcje rosyjskie)
Authors: Bednarczyk Anna
Published: June 2018

The Role of Translator in Different Literary Periods (Russian Perspectives)The article discusses various roles of translators in tsarist Russia and in the Soviet Union; attention is paid to the translators’ role as copyists, diplomats or censors, as well as their contribution to state-building, culture and education. The author concludes that both in tsarist Russia and in the Soviet Union translators were most typically seen as citizens and spiritual leaders of their nation, which makes them similar to poets or novelists, who were actively involved in and strongly resonated with their nation’s current needs.
Tłumacz w poszukiwaniu prawdy: aletheia w odniesieniu do autorskiego przekładu poezji Sylwii Plath
Authors: Korusiewicz Maria
Published: June 2018

Translator’s Quest for Truth: Aletheia in Reference to the Author’s Translation of Sylvia Plath’s PoemThe article presents an attempt to view the process of translation of poetic texts from the perspective of the quest for truth perceived as one of the translators tasks. The theoretical background is discussed in the first part of the article, which offers a short presentation of contemporary concepts of truth in reference to literary translation. The philosophical background is provided by Heidegger’s hermeneutic concept of truth embedded in a work of art (aletheia). The paper’s thesis is illustrated by a brief analysis of selected aspects of the translation process of Sylvia Plath’s poem „Death&Co.”
Skopos jako wyznacznik roli tłumacza i jego znaczenie dla dydaktyki
Authors: Kruk-Junger Katarzyna
Published: June 2018

Skopos as an Instrument for Establishing Translator’s Role The article concentrates on the possibilities of establishing the aim of translation in the framework of the skopos theory, and is an attempt to determine to what extent, and how, the functional approach can help in defining the translator’s role and, in consequence, influence the translation choices he makes.
How Do Firms Appropriate Value from Employees with Transferable Skills? A Study of the Appropriation Puzzle in Actively Managed Mutual Funds
Authors: Sevcenko Victoria , Ethiraj Sendil
Published: June 2018

How do firms benefit from employees with transferable skills? The prevailing view is that labor market frictions that impede employee mobility or strategies that constrain skill transferability are the primary instruments for firms to appropriate value from human capital. The empirical evidence, however, suggests that employees continue to be mobile, and firms pay premiums to attract and retain employees with transferable skills. To reconcile theory with data, we use data from the mutual fund industry, where it is widely documented that active fund managers appropriate more value than they generate. We develop a theory of positive externalities stemming from transferable human capital that we argue accrue mostly to the firm, and provide evidence of such externalities in the mutual fund context. Empirically, we decompose the skills of mutual fund managers into task- and firm-specific components and argue that managers with task-specific skills generate positive externalities at the firm level that are not reflected in their performance measured at the fund level. We advance and test empirical hypotheses on the existence of these positive unmeasured externalities by examining whether managers with task-specific skills are more likely to be associated with activities such as mentoring, increased risk taking, and generating spillovers at the firm level. Our results show that managers with task-specific skills are indeed associated with greater positive externalities, compared with managers with firm-specific skills. We discuss the implications of our results for the literature on human capital value creation and appropriation.

The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1197 .
Maximising influenza vaccination awareness and uptake among older adults in Singapore
Authors: Rusli Khairul Dzakirin Bin , Bryar Rosamund
Published: June 2018

Adults ≥65 are more susceptible to influenza infection and its associated complications. This paper critically reviews the literature, identifying the need for and priorities of a public health strategy to improve vaccination awareness and uptake among older adults. Four electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles in English published between 2001 and 2016. Twelve studies were included. Three themes were identified on analysis: impact on healthcare services; barriers and motivators influencing influenza vaccination uptake; and health promotion interventions. Studies suggest vaccination may reduce the health-care costs of influenza-associated infection. Socioeconomic factors, information about vaccination and cultural beliefs may influence an individual's decision. Multicomponent interventions, such as home visits combined with reminders, support increased uptake. Interventions are identified that could be adopted at the community level in Singapore and other countries to improve influenza vaccination uptake among older adults.
Engage parents to support language development
Authors: Lee Maureen
Published: June 2018

Maureen Lee, of Best Practice Network, explores why targeted programmes, like Early Words Together, have made a huge difference to the progress of the children who participated.
Enabling learning through a creative use of resource
Authors: Webster Chloe
Published: June 2018

High quality provision is not about who has the most money and who can offer the latest technology or equipment and resources, but more about what you offer and the environment in which it is presented.
Sing when you are winging
Authors: Clarke Jenni
Published: June 2018

Jenni Clarke explores ways to keep things simple in the early years. Our article looks at the everyday resources and materials you can use to stimulate complex play – this month, we explore feathers.
Beginning to see the light
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: June 2018

The fifth in our series exploring practical activities for introducing concepts that will help children in the Understanding the world area of learning – this month, we look at the science of sunlight and shadows.