bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Science journalism and fact checking
Authors: Schäfer Maximilian
Published: August 2018

At first glance it all seems so easy – scientists create new knowledge, and through their work they show which statements about the world are true and which are false. Science journalists pass these new discoveries on so that as many people as possible can learn about them and understand them. Prior to publication, it is the job of "fact checkers" to examine the journalists' texts to ensure that all the facts are correctly represented. In reality, however, the relationship between the actors is by far more complicated. Using my experience as fact checker of scientific texts for the news magazine "DER SPIEGEL", I would like to comment in this essay on where I see the main problems of fact checking in scientific journalism to be, and on the changes that have come about through the use of the Internet and the availability of smartphones and tablet computers.
Trends in scientific publications in physical education: a multifaceted field?
Authors: Leta Jacqueline , Rosa Suely
Published: August 2018

The paper investigates diversity in terms of interest and goals in international research in Physical Education (PE). This investigation is based on publications in PE indexed in three major international databases, namely Medline, Scopus and Web of Science (WoS). To identify these publications in Medline, we searched for “physical education and training”. As for the WoS and Scopus, we searched for “physical education” in the title, abstract or key-word. We also searched for “physical education” in the affiliation address only in the Scopus database, which we describe as Scopus-Afill. Using these strategies, we found 2,257 documents in Medline, 6,107 in WoS, 8,807 in Scopus and 5,838 in Scopus – Affil. for the 1991-2005 period. Our findings offer evidence that PE research is mostly associated with biological and medical sciences. However, our results show that the field is multifaceted when it comes to the nature of PE contributions to knowledge.
Insights on the future of science journalism
Authors: Delfanti Alessandro
Published: August 2018

With this commentary JCOM continues its analysis of the transformations of science journalism in the new media ecology. The purpose of the papers we present here is enriching the discussion raised in past issues and giving the Science communication community new insights on the role of digital media in shaping the way science is communicated, distributed and discussed by new actors and with new publics. What is the future of science journalism in the new ecosystem? In “Has blogging changed science writing?” Alice Bell discusses blogs' impact on science journalism, arguing that in some areas the changes related to the emergence of the web are overstated. Rather than crystal ball gazing into the future, we should realize it is up for debate. In “Web 2.0: netizen empowerment vs. unpaid labor” Carlo Formenti goes further, casting doubts on the utopian fantasies of knowledge democratization and urging us to focus on the new forms of power concentration and exploitation that are emerging within the system of science communication. Finally, in “The future of science journalism in Ghana” Bernard Appiah and colleagues argue in favour of the potential of the web as a tool to increase the quality and quantity of African science journalism. Yet they warn us: issues of access to both information and resources are still in place and threaten the promises of digital media.
The future of science journalism in Ghana: evidence-based perspectives
Authors: Appiah Bernard , Gastel Barbara , Burdine James N. , Russell Leon H.
Published: August 2018

Despite the boom in science journalism in developing countries, little is known about the views of reporters in Sub-Saharan Africa on the future of science journalism. This commentary, based on a recent survey of 151 Ghanaian journalists, focuses on the journalists' wishes for the future of science journalism in Ghana and on ways that the power of the Web can be harnessed to help achieve those wishes. Many of the surveyed journalists indicated that the inadequate access to contact information for scientific researchers was a barrier to science reporting. Most journalists (80.8%) indicated that they would like to increase the amount of science journalism in Ghana in the next decade. Two specifically mentioned that information and communication technology can help increase the amount of science journalism in the next decade. We believe that use of the Web can increase the quantity and quality of science journalism in Ghana, both by facilitating information gathering and by serving as a medium of science communication. Education of journalists regarding use of the Web will be important in this regard.
Review of PCST2012 conference: where is communication going?
Authors: Trench Brian
Published: August 2018

The PCST (Public Communication of Science and Technology) conference, held every two years, offers an opportunity to chart the progress and direction of the international science communication community. The most recent conference, in Firenze, gave indications of a growing interest in science communication as cultural practice.
Towards delivering e-health education using Public Internet Terminals (PIT) systems in rural communities in South Africa
Authors: Coleman Alfred
Published: August 2018

This paper investigated the potential of the Public Internet Terminal (PIT) system to promote basic health education for two rural communities in the North West Province of South Africa. A case study approach was used. Participants were selected from a population group of teachers, nurses, business people and  students in the two communities. Observation, group interviews and questionnaire were used to gather evidence from the participants regarding their  operational difficulties, social/economic difficulties and perceived usefulness of using the PIT system for basic health education. The findings revealed that a high number of participants could not operate the PIT system to search for relevant health information. Participants cited reasons of information overload and slow response of the PIT system. Further findings revealed that many participants lack awareness of the PIT services in these post offices. Participants  indicated that the PIT system lacks local content specific information such as healthcare information on vaccination, personal hygiene, nutrition and pharmacies around their vicinities. The results from this study led to the recommendations which emphasized the incorporation of basic e-health education portal into the existing services on the PIT system and proposed a new user interface for the PIT.
Nanotechnologies and emerging cultural spaces for the public communication of science and technologies
Authors: Magaudda Paolo
Published: August 2018

In the last decade, social studies of nanotechnology have been characterized by a specific focus on the role of communication and cultural representations.  Scholars have documented a proliferation of the forms through which this research area has been represented, communicated and debated within different social contexts. This Jcom section concentrates on the proliferation of cultural spaces where nanotechnologies are articulated and shaped in society. The intent is that of showing how these different cultural spaces — with their specific features and implications — raise multiple issues and involve distinct perspectives concerning nanotechnology. More specifically, the articles presented in the section outline and characterize three different cultural spaces where nanotechnologies are communicated: science museums, hackerspaces and the web. The overall section’s argumentation is that the study of the  communication of nanotechnology requires to consider a multiplicity of different cultural spaces and, moreover, that the attention to the differences existing between these spaces is a powerful perspective to explore and make sense of the varieties of ways in which nanotechnologies circulate in society.
Newspaper portrayals of spinal manipulation therapy: Canada, United States, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Rachul Christen , Boon Heather , Caulfield Timothy
Published: August 2018

Spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) is a popular form of treatment for back pain among other musculoskeletal disorders, and it has received increasing media attention. Yet, despite its popularity, SMT is surrounded by controversy, mainly in regards to issues of safety and efficacy. To better understand how the media portrays SMT, we explored the content of print newspapers in Canada, the U.S., and U.K., including article framing, evidence of efficacy, risks and benefits, and the overall tone of the article in terms of whether or not the article was supporting, opposing or neutral about SMT. Results indicate that safety concerns and evidence for efficacy are rarely mentioned, but framing plays a large role in portrayals of SMT in each of the countries.
JCOM — what do I expect form a science communication journal
Authors: Merzagora Matteo
Published: August 2018

The JCOM I would appreciate reading should address in real time the emerging trends and pressing issues concerning Science in society; it would be targeted not only to researchers in STS et similia, but also to the constantly expanding universe of science communication practitioners; it would make sure to avoid the hidden forms of social exclusion which are dangerously lurking behind all communication activity, including science communication.
Seven memos for the next JCOM
Authors: Nepote Juan
Published: August 2018

Throughout its existence JCOM has earned a special recognition as a space of confluence for the international community of science communicators, but how should be its immediate future? Here are some ideas inspired by which Italo Calvino’s suggested as the main characteristics for the literature of the 21st century, hoping to have a JCOM light, rapid, accurate, visible, multiple, consistent and comprehensive.
While changes in the “how” are exciting, changes in the “how much” could be exasperating
Authors: Revuelta Gema
Published: August 2018

In terms of efficiency, managing the effects of overpublising (the sheer volume of new papers published each week) has become seriously challenging for science communication researchers. This comment analyzes causes and consequences of this situation and proposes to research journals to take into considerations the following elements: a) special attention to headline and abstract, b) more visible and updated keywords and c) a clear structure of content and a shortening of the average number of pages per paper.
JCOM — Five Years into the Future
Authors: Pitrelli Nico
Published: August 2018

In the next few months, JCOM will undergo relevant changes. A new owner will take charge of its editorial management and define new development strategies. This important transition is a good opportunity to take stock of the past few years and to devise a new type of science communication research journal.
Improving communication and increasing adoption of innovations in the beef industry
Authors: Moreland Hayley , Hyland Paul
Published: August 2018

Agriculture has adopted many scientific innovations that have improved productivity. The majority of innovations in agriculture have been communicated to end users through a simple diffusion and dissemination model. However, as the science underpinning the innovations becomes more complex, research and development organizations need to look at better ways to communicate their innovation to end users. This paper examines innovations in the beef industry in Australia and investigates how complex innovations are being communicated and identifies the nature and level of communication with end users and the role of intermediaries. The findings support the need for greater involvement of end users in the innovation development process and a more vibrant two-way communication process between scientists, intermediaries and end users. The results also suggest that the traditional diffusion processes are insufficient to ensure high levels of awareness and adoption.
New directions for JCOM
Authors: Massarani Luisa , Merzagora Matteo , Pitrelli Nico , Trench Brian , Zivkovic Bora
Published: August 2018

A new editorial board is guiding JCOM through a period of change and here opens out the discussion on what JCOM has become and what it could or should become in the future. The journal's readers are invited to make their contributions.
Listening and empowering: children and science communication
Authors: Merzagora Matteo , Jenkins Tricia
Published: August 2018

In the editorial of this issue of JCOM, we underline how children are on one hand one of the main target group for science communication, and on the other hand a largely excluded group in the shift from a linear diffusion model to a dialogic model of science communication. In this series of comments, stimulated by the EU - FP7-Science in society project `SiS-Catalyst - 2013 children as change agents for science in society' (a four year programme aimed at crossing the science in society and the social inclusion agendas), we would like to explore methods and approaches that can ensure that, in science communication contexts, children can be listened to, that they are given the chance to express their view, and that they can be empowered in building their own relationship with science, and thus a sense of ownership for scientific knowledge.
Children as science journalists. A way to promote individual-lead learning and critical thinking, enhancing the participation of children in the dialogue between science and society
Authors: Rodari Paola , Cerrato Simona , Sustersic Anna
Published: August 2018

In the last two years SISSA Medialab designed, tested and evaluated two projects aiming at empowering children (in one case) and teenagers (in the other) to act as science journalists in order to promote a personal, critical attitude towards science and technology. The two groups produced a paper magazine and a blog, respectively, in a participatory process, in which adults acted as facilitators and experts on demand, but the youths were the leaders and owners of the products. Special care was taken to ensure inclusiveness, by involving in the project children and teenagers from any social class including those not especially interested in science and technology before participating in the project.
Impacts of science communication on publics, cities and actors
Authors: Revuelta Gema
Published: August 2018

An evaluation toolkit developed as part of the EU-funded PLACES project was applied in 26 case studies across Europe. Results show, among other things, the contribution of science communication initiatives to public curiosity, professional networking and perception of cities where these initiatives are stronger.
The right weight: good practice in evaluating science communication
Authors: Pellegrini Giuseppe
Published: August 2018

Evaluations of science communication activities before, during and after their implementation can provide findings that are useful in planning further activities. As some selected examples show, designing such evaluation is complex: they may involve assessment at various points, a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods, and show that impacts differ when seen from different perspectives.
Framing engagement: expert-youth interaction in a PES event
Authors: Saikkonen Sampsa , Valiverronen Esa
Published: August 2018

Previous studies on public engagement with science have identified various difficulties in the encounters between experts and lay people. However, there is a scarcity of research investigating expert-youth interaction. In this paper we focus on the interactive framings of an informal PES event. Based on a case study involving a climate change panel discussion and a simultaneous online chat, both aimed at young people, we discuss the multiplicity of framing. Further, we look for “misbehaviours” which challenge the rationality and norms of the event. Our findings indicate that the frame of deliberative participation is very fragile.
Science Centers. Which role can they play to participate in a city social reconstruction?
Authors: Aguirre Claudia
Published: August 2018

Science centers are seen as places for communication of science very focused on the mise en scène of the content and methodologies of natural sciences. However, in the recent history, these institutions are transforming their role within education and transformation processes in the society they are engaged with. This communication presents a social project in Medellín, Colombia, that involves a vulnerable community, the local authorities of the city, academic institutions and NGO’s and a science center that is neighbor to this community.
Shared spaces: a future for JCOM
Authors: Weitkamp Emma
Published: August 2018

As academic communities across the globe are increasingly encouraged to share their knowledge outside the ivory towers of academia, it becomes ever more important to create a bridge that crosses continents and disciplinary boundaries. Sitting, as it does, at the nexus between science communication practice and research, JCOM has a vital role to play as just such a knowledge sharing platform.
War, anxiety, optimism and triumph: a study on science in the main Brazilian TV news
Authors: Castelfranchi Yuri , Massarani Luisa , Ramalho Marina
Published: August 2018

We analysed the representations of science and of scientists at Jornal Nacional, the main Brazilian TV news. We carried out content and frames analysis, besides the lexical and semantic analysis of the transcriptions of the science and technology stories. Our results show a narrative that highlights the novelties and the epopee of the scientific advance, mainly in the health field. But to the emotional palette feelings of combat, anxiety and triumph were added. The face of the scientist presented by the TV news is mainly masculine, suggesting a stereotyped role of the male and female scientist: meanwhile men go out to literally explore other worlds, women take care of health and of the body.
Is it my responsibility or theirs? Risk communication about antibiotic resistance in the Swedish daily press
Authors: Bohlin Gustav , Höst Gunnar E.
Published: August 2018

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing global threat involving many actors, including the general public. We present findings from a content analysis of the coverage of antibiotic resistance in the Swedish print media with respect to the risk communication factors cause, magnitude and countermeasures. The most commonly reported cause of development and spread of resistance was unnecessary prescription of antibiotics. Risk magnitudes were mostly reported qualitatively rather than using quantitative figures. Risk-reduction measures were analyzed using a framework that distinguishes between personal and societal efficacy. Measures at the societal level were more commonly reported compared to the individual level.
Observations of PCST2014
Authors: Longnecker Nancy
Published: August 2018

Attendance at any large conference is highly personal and every registrant has a unique experience. The value to the individual depends on which sessions they attend, whom they connect with and what outcomes eventuate from what they learn and the networking they do. The networking and feedback can be life changing as it was for me when I attended PCST in 1996 in Melbourne. PCST2014 was a successful conference that provided many options for delegates. This was my fifth PCST and I was glad to have made the long trip to Brazil. One of the most successful aspects of PCST2014 was the opportunity to hear voices that I had not heard at previous PCSTs. The opportunity to hear about interesting work and different perspectives is one of the main advantages of this large, diverse, international network. Some reflective presentations eloquently articulated the familiar but evolving framework of the science communication discipline. Some provocative presentations pushed me to consider new and different perspectives or methodologies. Some case study presentations illustrated that good science communication is happening around the world. All types are particularly useful to those of us at a crossroad in our career, considering where to invest our energy, expertise and time.
When quotes matter: impact of outside quotes in a science press release on news judgment
Authors: Brown Jarreau Paige
Published: August 2018

Scientists often cite discrepancy between scientific values and news values as a primary factor in poor quality science reporting. The goal of this study was to understand how news values including conflict and controversy affect science communicators’ evaluation of press releases containing quotes from outside expert sources. Results of an online survey experiment suggest science communicators find a climate science press release with an outside expert quote that introduces controversy to be more newsworthy. However, when a science communicator attributes relatively high importance to reliability of facts as a guiding principle in story selection, this preference for controversy is reversed.
The Caribbean’s best science festival: NIHERST’s Sci-TechKnoFest
Authors: King Simone Marie
Published: August 2018

For the past thirty years, The National Institute of Higher Education, Research, Science and Technology (NIHERST), Trinidad and Tobago, has been a pioneering force in science popularization both locally and regionally. The biennial NIHERST Sci-TechKnoFest is the Caribbean’s premier science festival, having hosted seven large-scale events catering to tens of thousands of patrons each. This article provides an overview of the role of NIHERST at the national development level, an in-depth look at the content of Sci-TechKnoFest 2013, its impacts on visitors and the way forward for the festival.
Linking sediment and sentiment: on observing a sci-art project
Authors: Krauß Werner
Published: August 2018

To observe art and science in interaction offered a great opportunity for me as cultural anthropologist to learn about the production of climate knowledge. Like ethnographers, artists entered the world of science, observed climate scientists and participated in their daily routines. They dissected elements of the scientific process and focused on science as a social practice. For scientists and artists, a process of “self-identification via the other” [Kramer, 1993] was set into motion. The artwork reflects this process by “mimicking” scientific procedures and by linking human sentiment and material sediments. Introducing the anthropological imagery of the trickster, I suggest that the project challenges a basic modern constitution — the separation of nature and culture — and brings the debate about climate change back into society.
Explainers of science centres and museums: a study on these stakeholders in the mediation between science and the public in Brazil
Authors: Carlétti Chrystian , Massarani Luisa
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we investigate who are the explainers who work is Brazilian science centres and museums. We used an online survey, which was answered by 370 people from 73 institutions out of a group of 200 scientific and cultural centres. Our results indicate that most of these professionals are young people between 18 and 25 years old, they hold a high school certificate or are attending university, and they have been working in this field for less than five years. Only a fifth declared that they had done professional training before starting their activities; about 60% said that they are not prepared to attend to disabled visitors. We believe that our study will improve the practice of science communication, contributing to the creation of training and professional courses.
Does attending a large science event enthuse young people about science careers?
Authors: Illingworth Sam , Lewis Emma , Percival Carl
Published: August 2018

A survey was conducted during the University of Manchester’s 2014 ‘Science Extravaganza’, which saw the participation of over 900 Key Stage 3 (ages 11–14) students in a range of interactive demonstrations, all run by active University researchers. The findings of this study suggest that a new approach is necessary in order to use these large science events to actively engage with school students about the career opportunities afforded by science subjects. Recommendations for such an approach are suggested, including the better briefing of researchers, and the invitation of scientists from outside academia to attend and interact with the school students.
Between ambition and evidence
Authors: Weitkamp Emma
Published: August 2018

Measuring impact may be challenging, but does that mean we should accept a lack of ambition? Researchers in all fields are grappling with the challenge of how to measure impact (in many different contexts, which naturally leads to many different approaches), and so perhaps it is not surprising that the ‘impact culture’ is spreading to public engagement. But is the field rising to the challenge or should we think more broadly about how we demonstrate impact, perhaps freeing individual and smaller projects from the need to measure public impact and allowing them instead to focus on formative development? This editorial explores some of the issues in the field.
Beyond the dissemination of Earth Observation research: stakeholders’ and users’ involvement in project co-design
Authors: L'Astorina Alba , Tomasoni Irene , Basoni Anna , Carrara Paola
Published: August 2018

Modern technology and innovation research needs to analyse and collect users’ requirements from the outset of the project’s design, according to the Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) approach. Bringing in new services without involving end-users in the whole research process does not make for optimal results in terms of scientific, technological and economic impact. This commentary reports on research experience of stakeholder involvement and co-production in Italy, implemented in Earth Observation downstream services at regional level. It reports the participative approach and method adopted and the impacts and benefits derived.
A question of (audience) reach
Authors: Weitkamp Emma
Published: August 2018

Taking the International Science in Popular Culture conference as a starting point, this editorial considers audiences for cultural products, considering the size of audiences (from blockbuster films, to intimate science slams), their pre-existing (or lack of pre-existing) interest in the subject and what this might offer the field of science communication.
World Conference of Science Journalists: what are they for?
Authors: Cruz-Mena Javier
Published: August 2018

The largest meeting of science journalists took place this summer in Seoul, Korea. It bore the imprint of a few of the previous ones — as a gathering to build community and encourage beginners —, but also showed some marked changes from when it all started back in 1992, as told by some of the leading actors.
Highlighting the wider relevance of science centre evaluations: a reflection on the evaluation of a physics engagement programme
Authors: King Heather , Dawson Emily , Leyva Rodolfo
Published: August 2018

This paper reflects on the evaluation of and findings from a nationwide programme of physics engagement activities hosted by 10 science centres across the UK. We discuss our findings indicating the affordances of the programme with reference to the wider literature in order to draw out elements of the project that may be useful for other science learning and engagement initiatives. In particular, we discuss findings that relate to contemporary research and policy interests around the engagement of girls in science, the key ages at which young people’s views may best be influenced, the importance of explicating the nature of ‘real-world’ content and careers, and the value of collaborative partnerships.
Science bloggers' self-perceived communication roles
Authors: Brown Jarreau Paige
Published: August 2018

This study addresses an open question about science bloggers' self-perceived roles as science communicators. Previous research has investigated the roles science journalists see themselves engaging in, but such research has failed to capture the experiences of science bloggers as a broad and diverse group that is yet often very different in their practices from professional journalists. In this study, a survey of over 600 science bloggers reveals that on the broadest level, science bloggers see themselves engaging most often as explainers of science and public intellectuals. Perceived communication role depends predominantly on occupation, science communication training, blog affiliation and gender.
A handy guide to science-communication theory and practice
Authors: Rao Achintya
Published: August 2018

The ever-changing nature of academic science communication discourse can make it challenging for those not intimately associated with the field ― scientists and science-communication practitioners or new-comers to the field such as graduate students ― to keep up with the research. This collection of articles provides a comprehensive overview of the subject and serves as a thorough reference book for students and practitioners of science communication.
The "Problem of Extension" revisited: new modes of digital participation in science
Authors: Dickel Sascha , Franzen Martina
Published: August 2018

Citizen Science is part of a broader reconfiguration of the relationship between science and the public in the digital age: Knowledge production and the reception of scientific knowledge are becoming increasingly socially inclusive. We argue that the digital revolution brings the "problem of extension" — identified by Collins and Evans in the context of science and technology governance — now closer to the core of scientific practice. In order to grasp the implications of the inclusion of non-experts in science, the aim of this contribution is to define a role-set of non-certified knowledge production and reception, serving as a heuristic instrument for empirical clarifications.
Science and South Park, Reddit and Facebook, Leonardo da Vinci and the Vitruvian Man, and modern fairy tales about emerging technologies: science communication and popular culture
Authors: Allgaier Joachim
Published: August 2018

The prevalent lack of research on the interrelations between science, research and popular culture led to the organization of the first International Conference on Science and Research in Popular Culture #POPSCI2015, which took place at Alpen-Adria-Universität in Klagenfurt, Austria, from 17--18 September 2015. The aim of the conference was to bring together not only science communication researchers with an interest in popular culture, but also other scholars, scientists and researchers, artists, media professionals and members from the general public. In this issue of JCOM we present four invited commentaries which are all based on presentations at the conference.
Supporting emerging forms of citizen science: a plea for diversity, creativity and social innovation
Authors: Schäfer Teresa , Kieslinger Barbara
Published: August 2018

In recent years, citizen science has gained popularity not only in the scientific community but also with the general public. The potential it projects in fostering an open and participatory approach to science, decreasing the distance between science and society, and contributing to the wider goal of an inclusive society is being explored by scientists, science communicators, educators, policy makers and related stakeholders. The public's participation in citizen science projects is still often reduced to data gathering and data manipulation such as classification of data. However, the citizen science landscape is much broader and diverse, inter alia due to the participation opportunities offered by latest ICT. The emergence of new forms of collaboration and grassroots initiatives is currently being experienced. In an open consultation process that led to the "White Paper on Citizen Science for Europe", the support of a wide range of project types and innovative forms of participation in science was requested. In this paper we argue for mechanisms that encourage a variety of approaches, promote emerging and creative concepts and widen the perspectives for social innovation.
Motivations, learning and creativity in online citizen science
Authors: Jennett Charlene , Kloetzer Laure , Schneider Daniel , Iacovides Ioanna , Cox Anna , Gold Margaret , Fuchs Brian , Eveleigh Alexandra , Mathieu Kathleen , Ajani Zoya , Talsi Yasmin
Published: August 2018

Online citizen science projects have demonstrated their usefulness for research, however little is known about the potential benefits for volunteers. We conducted 39 interviews (28 volunteers, 11 researchers) to gain a greater understanding of volunteers' motivations, learning and creativity (MLC). In our MLC model we explain that participating and progressing in a project community provides volunteers with many indirect opportunities for learning and creativity. The more aspects that volunteers are involved in, the more likely they are to sustain their participation in the project. These results have implications for the design and management of online citizen science projects. It is important to provide users with tools to communicate in order to supporting social learning, community building and sharing.
Trust in technologies? Science after de-professionalization
Authors: Dickel Sascha
Published: August 2018

Peter Weingart and Lars Guenther suggest that the public's trust in science has become endangered due to a new ecology of science communication. An implicit theoretical base of their argument is that the integrity of science as an institution depends on the integrity of science as a profession. My comment aims to reconstruct and question this specific institutional understanding of science. I argue that rust in technologies of knowledge production might be a potential equivalent to trust in professions.
Trust, advertising and science communication
Authors: Weitkamp Emma
Published: August 2018

This issue of JCOM presents some interesting challenges relating to trust and the media ecology that supports science communication. Weingart and Guenther have organised a set of commentaries considering the issue of trust and media from different points of view, by asking for responses to their paper 'Science Communication and the Issue of Trust'. The commentaries focus on traditional and social media and the actors that contribute to media content, though they do not consider 'paid for' content (also known as advertising), which is the subject of a paper by Silva and Simonian also published in this issue of JCOM.
A reexamination of the neurorealism effect: the role of context
Authors: Popescu Maria , Thompson R. Bruce , Gayton William , Markowski Vincent
Published: August 2018

The phenomenon of lay readers of neuroscience being positively biased by the mere presence of brain images (fMRI), has been hotly debated, with recent failures to replicate the phenomenon, and suggestions that context is important. We experimentally investigated the potentially biasing effect of neuroimagery on participants' beliefs and explored an important facet of context within a neuroscience article: whether the article was supportive or critical of fMRI use in detecting states of mind. Results supported recent arguments that a “neurorealism” effect may in part be an artifact of experimental design; but we also report evidence that context may be critical.
Communicating science in English: a preliminary exploration into the professional self-perceptions of Australian scientists from language backgrounds other than English
Authors: Huttner-Koros Adam , Perera Sean
Published: August 2018

Scientists for whom English is not their first language report disadvantages with academic communication internationally. This case study explores preliminary evidence from non-Anglophone scientists in an Australian research organisation, where English is the first language. While the authors identified similarities with previous research, they found that scientists from non-Anglophone language backgrounds are limited by more than their level of linguistic proficiency in English. Academic science communication may be underpinned by perceptions of identity that are defined by the Anglocentric hegemony in science, which dictates not only how academic science is communicated but also who can communicate it.
Public science communication in Africa: views and practices of academics at the National University of Science and Technology in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ndlovu Heather , Joubert Marina , Boshoff Nelius
Published: August 2018

This study of the science communication views and practices of African researchers ― academics at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST) in Zimbabwe ― reveals a bleak picture of the low status of public science engagement in the developing world. Researchers prioritise peer communication and pay little attention to the public, policy makers and popular media. Most scientists believe the public is largely not scientifically literate or interested in research. An unstable funding environment, a lack of communication incentives and censoring of politically sensitive findings further constrain researchers' interest in public engagement. Most NUST academics, however, are interested in science communication training. We suggest interventions that could revive and support public science engagement at African universities.
Online science videos: an exploratory study with major professional content providers in the United Kingdom
Authors: Erviti María Carmen , Stengler Erik
Published: August 2018

We present an exploratory study of science communication via online video through various UK-based YouTube science content providers. We interviewed five people responsible for eight of the most viewed and subscribed professionally generated content channels. The study reveals that the immense potential of online video as a science communication tool is widely acknowledged, especially regarding the possibility of establishing a dialogue with the audience and of experimenting with different formats. It also shows that some online video channels fully exploit this potential whilst others focus on providing a supplementary platform for other kinds of science communication, such as print or TV.
Science communication and Responsible Research and Innovation. How can they complement each other?
Authors: Scholten Victor , van den Hoven Jeroen , Cuppen Eefje , Flipse Steven
Published: August 2018

In today's society a variety of challenges need attention because they are considered to affect our well-being. Many of these challenges can be addressed with new innovations, yet they may also introduce new challenges. Communication of these new innovations is vital. This importance is also addressed by the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation. In the present commentary we draw on a dataset of 196 research projects and discuss the two research streams of Science Communication and Responsible Research and Innovation and how they are complements to each other. We conclude with suggestions for practitioners and scientists.
The new trend in Science Communication research ecology: 2016 PCST conference review
Authors: Wang Kangyou , Liu Xuan
Published: August 2018

This is a conference review on PCST 2016 Istanbul. PCST 2016 Conference, with the theme of "Science Communication in Digital Age", was held in Turkey Istanbul on April 26, attracting more than 400 science communication experts and scholars from 52 countries and regions. This conference featured vast topics and rich contents, covering 6 conference reports, 52 sub-forums, 133 oral reports and 52 poster papers focusing on science communication changes, scientists participation, public object, ethics and art, tendency and policy under the background of the digital age.
Does Tenure Matter: Role of the Corporate Secretary in Chinese-Listed Firms
Authors: Wang Chen , Ye Qing , Goyal Abhinav
Published: August 2018

SYNOPSIS

We study the impact of corporate secretary tenure on the governance quality of Chinese A-share listed firms. Results show that corporate secretary tenure is negatively associated with board meeting frequency, outside director in-meeting dissent, and incidence of fraud and lawsuit. Key findings are robust to an array of additional tests including propensity score matching, instrument variable analysis, as well as alternate governance measures such as analyst coverage, modified auditor opinion, number of institutional shareholders, and outside director board meeting absence. Overall, our study confirms the importance of corporate secretary in favor of modern corporate governance outcomes and board processes.

JEL Classifications: G15; G30; K22; M41.
“Too Much Cream on the Tacos”: Narrative and Moral Personhood in Transfronterizo Experience
Authors: O'Connor Brendan H.
Published: August 2018

Building on prior analyses of storytelling in migrant and transnational contexts (e.g. Baynham, 2014; De Fina, 2003; Haviland, 2005; Warriner, 2013), this article draws on research with transfronterizo (border-crossing) university students in South Texas to explore how transnational speakers use narrative to craft moral arguments in trying times. The article focuses on a single, lengthy narrative from a transfronteriza undergraduate named Araís in order to demonstrate how her narrative practice contributes to her “ideological becoming” (Bakhtin, 1981). That is, the analysis shows that the structural, textual, and dialogic features of Araís’s narrative are connected both to her emergent, dialogic understanding of her self and to value projects, or efforts to (re)shape the social world, implied in her narrative (Agha, 2015). The analysis illuminates the ethical affordances of transfronterizo narrative—i.e., the opportunities that storytelling offered transfronterizo students to evaluate their own and others’ actions in moral terms. Based on this analysis, I suggest implications for our understanding of narrative and moral personhood among transfronterizo students and other migrant and transnational subjects.
KRONİK HASTALIKLARDA TRANSTEORETİK MODELE DAYANDIRILARAK MOTİVASYONEL GÖRÜŞME TEKNİĞİNİN KULLANILMASI
Authors: ARABACI Zeynep , DOĞRU Ayşe , YILDIRIM Jülide Gülizar
Published: August 2018

Öz

Sağlık
hizmetleri ve halk sağlığı hemşireliği alanında motivasyonel görüşme ve
transteoritik model bireylerin davranış değişiminde ve davranışın
kazandırılmasında yaygın olarak kullanılan tekniklerdir.
Kronik hastalıkların yönetiminde hastanın öz-yönetim becerisi kazanması,
çeşitli eğitim öğretim yöntemleriyle güçlendirilmesi hastalığın tedavisinde
önemlidir. Transteoretik modele dayandırılarak motivasyonel görüşme tekniği
sağlık davranışlarının değişimi ve kazandırılmasında geliştirilmiş bir
yöntemdir. Motivasyonel görüşme davranış değişimi aşamasında olan bireyin
bilişsel ve davranışsal süreçlerini, değişim konusunda kendisine olan güvenini,
karar alma algısını ve değişimini zorlaştıran faktörler tespit
edilebilmektedir. Literatürdeki transteoretik model temelli motivasyonel
görüşme tekniğinin kullanıldığı çalışmalar da motivasyonel görüşmenin kronik
hastalık yönetiminde etkili olduğunu, sorunun fizyolojik veya psikolojik
olmasının herhangi bir etki göstermediğini vurgulanmıştır. Motivasyonel görüşme
tekniği, değişimi kolaylaştırmak için bireyin içinde bulunduğu değişim
aşamasında en uygun girişimlerin kullanılması gerektiğini belirtmektedir.
Bireylerde davranış değişimine hazır olduğu aşama dikkate alınarak uygulanan
girişimlerin, davranış değişimine karşı direnç oluşturmadıkları da
belirtilmektedir. Olumsuz sağlık davranışını değiştirmek güç olmasına rağmen
değişimin sağlanması, hastaların iyileşme süresi için oldukça önemlidir.
Hemşireler bireylerin sağlık davranışlarını olumlu yönde etkilemektedirler.
Çünkü hemşireler sağlık hizmetlerinin sunulmasında bireylerle sürekli bir
iletişim halindedir. Hemşirelik uygulamaları ile örtüşen bu modelin yaşama
geçirilebilmesi için motivasyonel görüşme tekniğini uygulamaları ve modeli
toplum grupları üzerinde test edilebilecek çalışmaların yapılması
gerekmektedir.
Acceso a servicios de salud en mujeres transgénero de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Domínguez Claudia Marcela , Ramírez Sandra Viviana , Arrivillaga Marcela
Published: August 2018

Introducción: La población transgénero enfrenta retos en cuanto a la garantía del derecho a la salud y el acceso efectivo a los servicios de salud en todos los países. Objetivo: Describir y analizar el acceso a los servicios de salud preventivos, curativos, de atención específica, y asociados al gasto de bolsillo, en mujeres transgénero de Cali, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio observacional de tipo transversal con muestreo probabilístico. Se aplicó una adaptación de la Encuesta de Acceso a Servicios de Salud para Hogares Colombianos a un total de 109 personas que se auto identificaron como transgénero, mayores de 18 años. Se efectuó un análisis univariado de la totalidad de las variables evaluadas. Resultados: Si bien el 71.6% de las mujeres transgénero encuestadas se encontraban cubiertas por el sistema de salud, esto no garantiza el acceso oportuno a los servicios. Existe debilidad institucional por parte de las Entidades Promotoras de Salud (EPS) para promover servicios preventivos; el acceso a consulta con especialista y a medicamentos tuvo resultados desfavorables en oportunidad y calidad; no se atienden necesidades relacionadas con su identidad de género ni procesos de transformación corporal. Discusión: Tal como se ha reportado en otros estudios para población general, los hallazgos son coherentes con la estructura del sistema de salud colombiano que está diseñado para invertir los recursos en la atención de la enfermedad y no en la prevención. Conclusiones: Se requieren protocolos de atención diferencial dados los riesgos para personas transgénero por falta de atención médica y psicosocial. De esta manera, se garantiza el pleno derecho a la salud y el respeto por el libre desarrollo de la personalidad, establecido constitucionalmente en el país. [Domínguez CM, Ramírez SV, Arrivillaga-Quintero M. Acceso a servicios de salud en mujeres transgénero de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 296-309].
Hemşirelikte Mesleki Yetkinlik
Authors: Karahan Azize , Kav Sultan
Published: August 2018

Yetkinlik bir kişinin görevleri doğru ve ustaca yapabilmesi için sahip olması gerekenbilgi, beceri, yetenek, davranışlar ya da kapasitedir. Yetkinlik, hemşireler için önemlikriterlerdendir. Hemşirelikte yetkinlik çok boyutlu olduğundan üzerinde uzlaşılan ortak birtanımı yoktur. Bilimsel yenilikler ve teknolojik gelişmeler hemşirelerin bu koşullara uyumsağlamasını, bakım gereksinimi ve beklentileri giderek artan hasta grubuna hizmet vermesini,farklı disiplinlerle bir arada çalışmasını ve çok sayıda hizmetin koordinasyonunu sağlamasınıgerektirmektedir. Günümüzde hemşirelerin sağlık hizmetlerinin değişen yapısına uyumsağlamaları gerekliliği yetkinlik kavramını gündeme getirirken, yetkinlik geliştirmeninkolay olmadığı vurgulanmaktadır. Yetkinliği belirleyen özelliklerin ve yetkinliği etkileyendeğişkenlerin bilinmesi, mezuniyet öncesinden başlayarak okul ve hastane yönetimininişbirliğine dayanan ve hemşirelerin de içinde olduğu bir program oluşturmanın yetkinlikgeliştirmeye katkı sağlayabileceği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu makalede hemşirelikte yetkinlikgeliştirme ile ilgili literatürün incelenmesiyle, yöneticiler ve hemşirelerin konu ile ilgiligereksinimlerinin karşılanmasına katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır.