bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pour une psychanalyse familiale récréative
Authors: Eiguer Alberto
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’auteur présente les différents courants de l’intersubjectivité et les compare ensuite avec la théorie de la thérapie familiale psychanalytique (TFP). Il remarque que ces auteurs ne s’occupent ni de groupes ni de familles, ce qui limite leur champ pratique et les prive d’un regard essentiel pour saisir les inter-fonctionnements, et le retentissement du trans-générationnel. Il pense que l’espace transitionnel de la séance devrait être redéfini comme une aire de conflit où les sujets du lien peuvent être reconnus comme distincts et pas uniquement comme une aire d’échanges entre psychismes dans ce qui leur est commun. Ainsi le jeu se manifestant en séance familiale apparaîtrait comme une production nouvelle et originale de cette intersubjectivité, facilitant alors l’accès au matériel refoulé. Le jeu collectif devient une source d’épanouissement du psychisme groupal, de créativité et de récréativité. La famille induit des pensées et des représentations qu’elle ne parvient pas à relier, ni même à configurer. À partir de là, les thérapeutes relient, retissent, reconstruisent. Ces derniers étant mobilisés en permanence, leur identité est même modifiée. L’auteur présente le cas d’une thérapie psychanalytique d’une famille où il y a eu un inceste père/fille.
Les objets et leurs enjeux dans la séance de thérapie familiale psychanalytique
Authors: Tisseron Serge
Published: April 2012

Résumé Dans le développement de l’enfant, le jeu avec les objets passe par trois phases successives qu’on retrouve en thérapie familiale : l’objet est malléable, puis transitionnel, et enfin support d’interfantasmatisation et de mémoire. Il s’y ajoute une dernière forme de présence du jeu en thérapie familiale : c’est d’en parler.
Anorexie, jeu et agir
Authors: Jaïtin Rosa
Published: April 2012

Résumé La structure du lien « anorexique » est traversée par le paradoxe mort-immortalité, ce qui provoque des « angoisses disséquantes » dont la famille se protège. Pour supporter ses effets dans le champ transférentiel, l’équipe d’analystes a recours à des supports ludiques. Le jeu de « cache-cache » et le jeu du « cou-cou » entre frère et sœur, comme absence et présence alternées aux séances, permettront à la famille de dénouer les blessures de filiation. Celles-ci prennent appui sur des traumatismes de mort et de déracinement qui provoquent la rupture du lien d’alliance et du lien fraternel dans cette famille. Le père serait alors une pièce majeure de l’imaginaire de l’appareil psychique familial à modalité anorexique.
Expression de l'incestuel. Intérêt et éléments de repérage de l'incestuel dans la pratique clinique
Authors: Gélugne Flore , Abiven Odile , Lambert Sylvain , Vénisse Jean-Luc
Published: April 2012

Résumé L’incestuel est un fonctionnement à la fois psychique et relationnel, individuel et familial. Il s’apparente à l’inceste avec lequel il entretient d’étroites relations. Il est également impliqué dans un certain nombre de troubles psychiques. C’est d’abord à partir des équivalents d’inceste et des secrets d’incestualité que le repérage de l’incestuel est possible; ce sont en effet leurs spécificités ainsi que ce qu’ils induisent d’un point de vue contre-transférentiel qui peuvent indiquer aux soignants la notion d’un climat incestuel qu’il est important de prendre en compte d’un point de vue thérapeutique.
L'actualité de la théologie morale de saint Alphonse de Liguori
Authors: Gallagher Raphael , Brady Rachel
Published: April 2012

Résumé Saint Alphonse de Liguori (1686-1797) est le patron des moralistes catholiques, mais on en tient peu compte aujourd’hui. Cet article présente en trois temps l’argument en faveur de son actualité permanente. D’abord, il propose un status quaestionis . Ensuite, dans la section la plus étendue, il expose, textes d’Alphonse à l’appui, les éléments qui suggèrent son actualité : la conscience, la liberté, l’argumentation intrinsèque, la prudence pastorale, une théologie de la conversion. L’article conclut en indiquant le type de théologie morale que prône Gaudium et Spes  : bien que le contexte soit différent de celui de l’époque de saint Alphonse, l’auteur propose quelques lignes de convergence qui pourraient faciliter l’intégration de son système à celui utilisé aujourd’hui.
Qu'est-ce qu'une économie juste ?
Authors: Maniquet François
Published: April 2012

Résumé Depuis Adam Smith, la science économique est positive et normative. Plusieurs types de variables sont systématiquement appliqués. Des critères pour décider sont élaborés pour guider les politiques. Aujourd’hui, il existe de nombreuses versions de la théorie utilitariste. Elles ont en commun d’être individualistes. De plus, nous vivons, de nos jours, dans une économie du bien-être individuel couplée à la théorie de la décision. D’importantes nuances existent. John Rawls a beaucoup influé sur cet aspect des choses, mais aussi le sociologue italien Wilfredo Pareto (principe d’efficacité). Il faut cependant aller plus loin en osant intégrer la question de la justice sociale car l’efficacité n’est pas suffisante. Certains philosophes égalitaristes nuancent le principe d’efficacité. Les références majeures sont, sur ces questions, Harsanyi (voire Vickrey dès 1945) et, bien sûr, Rawls. Il faut citer aussi Nash (1950) et Arrow (1963). Kolm, dès 1968, a fait subir un tournant décisif. L’axiome d’absence d’envie a représenté un nouvel acquis. Dworkin, à partir de 1891, a déclenché une cascade de nouvelles réflexions ; mentionnons trois branches importantes : théorie marxiste, théorie de l’allocation équitable des ressources, théorie de la mesure de l’intégralité des revenus. Roemer et Fleuerbaey ont introduit dès 1900 l’éthique de la responsabilité au service de l’économie du bien-être qui connut beaucoup d’applications. Cette dernière étudie les normes de justice mais est incapable de les créer.
L'exercice de la rémission et la construction étatique (France, Pays-Bas)
Authors: Nassiet Michel , Musin Aude
Published: April 2012

Résumé Pour approcher les homicides de l’époque préstatistique en France ou en Belgique, les chercheurs disposent de lettres de rémission, dont la production est liée à l’exercice du droit de grâce par le souverain. À partir de cette source, des courbes du nombre de rémissions ont pu être établies, et envisagées par certains comme représentatives de la violence réelle, interprétant une hausse du nombre de rémissions comme une hausse de la violence. Cet article se propose de démontrer que les variations d’une telle courbe sont tributaires de multiples facteurs (parmi lesquels la proximité de l’administration et du souverain) ne permettant pas de considérer les rémissions pour homicide comme représentatives de la violence réelle. Une approche comparée entre le royaume de France et les Pays-Bas a permis de dégager des rapprochements, mais aussi des facteurs propres à l’un ou l’autre espace.
Le mouvement pétitionnaire pour la restauration d'Henri V (automne 1873-hiver 1874). Tactique politique et expression d'un légitimisme populaire
Authors: Derennes Éric
Published: April 2012

Résumé 1873 marque le dernier temps du possible pour une éventuelle restauration monarchique dans la personne du comte de Chambord. Le mouvement pétitionnaire populaire qui naît à l’automne 1873 permet à un peuple royaliste de faire irruption sur la scène politique, en s’appropriant un des outils codifiés sous la Révolution : le droit de pétition. Au-delà du refus du prince exprimé dans sa lettre de Salzbourg (27 octobre 1873) d’abandonner son drapeau blanc et qui empêche la restauration monarchique, les milliers de pétitions royalistes tentèrent de faire entendre les voix habituellement muettes d’artisans et d’agriculteurs, de citadins et de ruraux, d’intellectuels et d’illettrés, d’hommes et de femmes du peuple de la diversité française. L’Ouest bocager et le Midi, le Nord et les pays riverains de la Garonne affirment leur foi « inséparatiste » suivant en cela celle du prince en exil : à la fois royaliste en politique et catholique en religion. Malgré son importance, ce mouvement pétitionnaire apparaît comme le dernier sursaut d’une époque révolue ; quelques pétitions seulement ont un écho à la Chambre des députés. Cela explique en partie son échec à faire pression sur des parlementaires qui sont davantage attentifs à tracer une voie médiane entre monarchie et république dans le dessein de préserver l’avenir du pays.
Funérailles nobiliaires et pouvoir seigneurial à la Renaissance
Authors: Solignat Anne-Valérie
Published: April 2012

Résumé Désormais bien connu pour les rois et les princes de la fin du Moyen Âge et de la première modernité, les funérailles nobiliaires demeurent un terrain encore inexploré pour une noblesse plus modeste, pour qui l’essentiel de la distinction sociale reposait sur la propriété féodale. Les obsèques appartenaient aux rites sociaux destinés à manifester le rang et la qualité d’un individu et des siens. Seule cérémonie véritablement personnelle de la vie d’un gentilhomme, la mort noble se distinguait de la mort du vulgaire. Il s’agissait d’un événement central de la vie de la seigneurie, célébré par l’ensemble de la communauté, dans lequel chacun était mobilisé pour honorer le défunt, et à travers lui, l’ensemble de son lignage, vivants et morts. La ritualisation de la mort seigneuriale prenait la forme d’une pompe funèbre parfaitement normée à la Renaissance. Les élections de sépulture entraient également dans la représentation de la puissance nobiliaire. La constitution de nécropoles familiales témoignait d’une forme de reproduction sociale de la noblesse dans une configuration topolignagère. Véritables sanctuaires dynastiques, ils offraient un cadre fixe et permanent à la célébration de la memoria de la parenté aristocratique, dans laquelle chaque ancêtre était individualisé. Les fondations pieuses la plaçaient dans le domaine de l’immémorialité, tout comme elles reflétaient dans le même temps les attaches territoriales et le pouvoir local d’un lignage. L’attachement au tombeau familial est perceptible dans les fureurs iconoclastes qui touchèrent les sépultures nobiliaires pendant les guerres de religion. En détruisant la tombe de son ennemi, on le blessait durablement dans ce qu’il avait de plus cher : la mémoire des ancêtres, présents spirituellement et protecteurs sanctifiés du lignage sur terre et sur ses terres.
La promotion de l'animal sensible. Une révolution dans la Révolution
Authors: Baratay Éric
Published: April 2012

Résumé Les débats contemporains sur la sensibilité de l’animal, le respect et la protection de celui-ci, l’extension du droit à son profit et son utilisation éthique sont pour la première fois, non pas évoqués, mais publiquement et politiquement débattus au moment de la Révolution française. Sous l’influence du rousseauisme, prônant la prééminence de la sensibilité sur la raison, et dans le contexte révolutionnaire de bouleversement des idées, des situations et des conditions, cette question des animaux est maintes fois posée dans des rapports, des mémoires et lors de discours officiels. Les thèses avancées et débattues sont étonnement modernes et encore d’actualité. Leur caractère révolutionnaire peut peut-être s’expliquer par la volonté débridée de repenser toutes les conditions, à commencer par les sujets et les esclaves, car penser l’autre c’est un jour penser l’animal.
Du patronat colonial au patronat impérial
Authors: Klein Jean-François
Published: April 2012

Résumé Cet article appréhende le patronat impliqué dans le « moment colonial ». Jusqu’alors, l’historiographie évoquait le « patronat colonial » en l’opposant au patronat « métropolitain » pour définir les grands patrons impliqués outre-mer. La formule est passe-partout mais cache la diversité des situations et des pratiques des affaires. De quel patronat parle-t-on ? Un rapide balayage montre un monde riche et complexe où le qualificatif de « colonial » induit davantage de méprises qu’il ne résout de questions. À la suite de la nouvelle histoire impériale et des débats qu’elle suscite, nous suggérons d’utiliser l’échelle impériale pour tenter une typologie permettant de mieux saisir cette diversité et pour appréhender les stratégies patronales dans le cadre de la première globalisation induite par les empires coloniaux.
L'action collective patronale en France, 19e-21e siècles
Authors: Offerlé Michel
Published: April 2012

Résumé En histoire comme en sociologie, l’action collective a été plus étudiée comme étant une action ouverte et protestataire. Dans l’opinion commune, les élites économiques, sauf les petits patrons, n’agiraient pas vraiment collectivement, soit parce qu’ils sont trop divisés soit parce qu’ils peuvent obtenir ce qui est conforme à leurs intérêts par d’autres voies. Cet article, qui s’appuie sur des travaux d’historiens et de sociologues et des recherches en cours, entend montrer que les catégories de mobilisation, de répertoire d’action collective et d’engagement peuvent, à bien des égards, être utilisés pour étudier comment les « dominants économiques » agissent eux aussi collectivement.
L'Union des industries métallurgiques et minières
Authors: Fraboulet Danièle
Published: April 2012

Résumé Il s’agit d’analyser la genèse, l’organisation interne et l’adaptation de l’Union des industries métallurgiques et minières (UIMM) aux mutations économiques, sociales et politiques ainsi qu’aux bouleversements engendrés par la Première Guerre mondiale et la crise économique. Réussissant à fédérer des intérêts communs, elle s’impose dans les diverses institutions de la République, elle participe à la régulation du marché du travail, à la construction de la législation et du cadre institutionnel ainsi qu’à l’évolution des relations professionnelles. Sa connaissance du mouvement ouvrier et le déploiement de toute une gamme de moyens d’action allant de la négociation à la répression lui permettent de lutter efficacement contre les syndicats salariés de la métallurgie. Elle devient l’une des plus puissantes unions patronales françaises, statut qu’elle conserve durant tout le 20 e  siècle.
Mythologies conspirationnistes et figures du discours antipatronal
Authors: Dard Olivier
Published: April 2012

Résumé Il est tentant de présenter comme nouveauté des discours sur le grand patronat qui ont aujourd’hui d’autant plus de résonance qu’ils renvoient à des représentations depuis longtemps bien ancrées. Cette production est importante de par son statut de source, son empreinte sur l’historiographie du patronat français et sa nature propre, une littérature politique combinant une dimension pamphlétaire et une ambition de technicité. L’étude débute au milieu du 19 e  siècle par l’examen des fondations (stigmatisation des Rothschild et des « féodalités »). La seconde partie étudie l’« âge d’or » qui démarre au début du 20 e  siècle et est centré sur la dénonciation des « maîtres de la France » et des « deux cents familles ». Enfin, sur fond de dénonciation des trusts et de la synarchie, l’article s’interroge sur les mutations et le déclin de ces discours.
Patronat et politique
Authors: Richard Gilles
Published: April 2012

Résumé Loin des représentations dominantes sur le patronat tirant dans l’ombre les ficelles de la politique, il s’agit de comprendre comment une majorité des patrons s’est organisée sur la longue durée pour défendre leurs intérêts dans le cadre de la République. Au sein de cette République, née à gauche, le patronat organisé trouva vite sa place grâce à des liens privilégiés avec la famille politique libérale. Après un siècle de combats difficiles et incertains contre les tenants de la République sociale, il semble que, depuis le milieu des années 1970, une nouvelle phase des relations entre patronat et politique ait commencé, marquée par le triomphe d’une néolibéralisme pour l’heure hégémonique. Le temps de la République censitaire serait-il venu ?
(Gender) partnership as a transforming paradigm for development in the Church and society
Authors: Onwunta Ester , August Karel T.
Published: April 2012

This research article made the case for (gender) partnership as an integral part of effective people-centred participatory development theory. Over the years, development has been taught and practiced in different ways. In the contemporary African context, it is a term that is frequently used and even misused by many people and organisations that are involved in development programmes, which truncate rather than transform the people and communities they claim to develop. This article presented a brief survey of some definitions and views on development and argued for a holistic approach to development, one which is anchored on partnership as an essential element in God’s mission; that is, the missio Dei. It highlighted the reasons for, ideals of and obstacles to true partnership in development.
Computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology of mass lesions of lung: Our experience
Authors: Gangopadhyay Mimi , Chakrabarti Indranil , Ghosh Nilanjana , Giri Amita
Published: April 2012

Context: Computerized tomography (CT) guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of lung lesions has rapidly emerged as a less-invasive, cheap, rapid and fairly accurate diagnostic aid in lung lesions. Aims: The purpose of this present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CT-guided FNAC in the diagnosis of pulmonary mass lesions (both benign and malignant) and to determine the complication rate of this procedure.Settings and Design: We conducted an institution-based, prospective study on 127 patients who presented with pulmonary mass lesions. Materials and Methods: After proper consent was obtained, CT-guided transthoracic fine needle aspiration was done and their diagnoses were confirmed by appropriate methods. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: Out of 127 cases selected for the study, 59.8% were males while the rest were females. Cough was the most common symptom present in 71.2% cases, followed by weight loss (62.4%). 21.2% cases were cytologically benign. Adenocarcinoma (54.2%) was the commonest malignant tumor. FNAC provided at least 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity in diagnosing lung tumors. Among the benign lesions, specific diagnoses were obtained in 48.1% cases. Thus, altogether a specific diagnosis was obtained in 109 of 127 cases, i.e. 85.8%. No major complication was noted. Conclusions: CT-guided FNAC is an extremely valuable and fairly accurate diagnostic aid of intrathoracic mass lesions, with a reasonable rate of complication.
Ataxia telangiectasia: A report of two cousins and review of literature
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Buxi Gurdeep , Yadav Rajbala , Kohli Ashok
Published: April 2012

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare multisystem, neurodegenerative genetic disorder. Due to its wide clinical heterogeneity, it often leads physicians to an incorrect or missed diagnosis, and insight into this rare disease is important. Here is a case report of two cousins from the same family who showed salient characteristic features of AT along with the incidental finding of co-inheritance of hemoglobin E trait. Though both of them were from the same family, they showed differences in the type of humoral immune deficiencies, laboratory findings, and their susceptibility to develop different types of malignancies. One of them developed T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, isolated immunoglobulin A deficiency, and normal serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA 19.9) levels. He expired at the age of nine years. The other, though a year older, has still got normal blood counts, normal immunoglobulin levels, and elevated serum CEA and CA 19.9 levels. Thus, insight into this disease is very important as AT patients require protection from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation to prevent malignancies. Diagnosis of AT allows appropriate genetic counseling for the family.
Primary pulmonary neoplasms in children: A report of five cases
Authors: Sengupta Subhalakshmi , Chatterjee Uttara , Bandyopadhyay Ranjana , Bhowmick Kuntal , Banerjee Sugata
Published: April 2012

Primary pulmonary neoplasms are uncommon in children and represent a wide spectrum of pathology from benign to malignant. They are quite different in their histopathologic distribution from that of adults. This study was done to analyze the histopathologic spectrum of primary lung tumors in children. All the resected specimens of lung in children over a period of 5 years were studied and only the cases of primary pulmonary neoplasms were further analyzed. There were two cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. The patients were boys aged 10 and 12 years, respectively. One case of bronchial carcinoid was diagnosed in a boy of 12 years. There were one case each of pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) in a girl of 9 years and pulmonary blastoma (PB) in a girl of 2 years of age. In our study, the two cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor had excellent prognosis. However, the cases of PPB and PB were both associated with poor clinical outcome, whereas the case of bronchial carcinoid has been doing well on follow-up.
Rare metastatic prostatic malignancy: A case report and approach to management
Authors: Krishna M Vamshi , Prabhash Kumar , Noronha Vanita , Menon Santosh , Dua Sumeet , Rangarajan V , Tangaonkar H B
Published: April 2012

We present a patient with metastatic leiomyosarcoma of the prostate who achieved complete response with chemotherapy. A 70 years old male patient presented with urinary tract symptoms and a prostatic mass. After having been treated as carcinoma prostate, he presented with progressive pelvic mass, lung and bone metastases to our hospital. Repeat biopsy was suggestive of prostatic leiomyosarcoma. He was treated with chemotherapy with the ifosfamide-epirubicin regimen and achieved complete remission on positron emission tomography/computerized tomography after three cycles. He was given a total of six cycles of chemotherapy and continues to be disease-free after 8 months. Although adenocarcinomas are the commonest prostatic malignancies in the elderly, a careful evaluation is essential to rule out alternative diagnoses. Our case report illustrates the potential role of combination chemotherapy in the management of advanced leiomyosarcoma of the prostate. The literature on this entity is reviewed.
Malignant ectomesenchymoma of the nasal cavity
Authors: Patil Channappa N , Cyriac Sanju , Majhi Urmila , Rajendranath Rejiv , Sagar T G
Published: April 2012

Malignant ectomesenchymomas are rare tumors. This tumor affects predominantly young children. Most common site is head and neck. A multi modality approach should be appropriate for this soft-tissue tumor. We present a 43 year old female with malignant ectomesenchymoma of the nasal cavity.
Left-orderability and Exceptional Dehn Surgery on Twist Knots
Authors: Teragaito Masakazu
Published: April 2012

We show that any exceptional non-trivial Dehn surgery on a twist knot, except the trefoil, yields a 3-manifold whose fundamental group is left-orderable. This is a generalization of a result of Clay, Lidman, and Watson, and also gives a new supporting evidence for a conjecture of Boyer, Gordon, andWatson.
A modeling approach to evaluate the uncertainty in estimating the evaporation behaviour and volatility of organic aerosols
Authors: Fuentes E. , McFiggans G.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. The uncertainty in determining the volatility behaviour of organic particles from thermograms using calibration curves and a kinetic model has been evaluated. In the analysis, factors such as re-condensation, departure from equilibrium and analysis methodology were considered as potential sources of uncertainty in deriving volatility distribution from thermograms obtained with currently used thermodenuder designs. The previously found empirical relationship between C* (saturation concentration) and T50 (temperature at which 50% of aerosol mass evaporates) was theoretically interpreted and tested to infer volatility distributions from experimental thermograms. The presented theoretical analysis shows that this empirical equation is in fact an equilibrium formulation, whose applicability is lessened as measurements deviate from equilibrium. While using a calibration curve between C* and T50 to estimate volatility properties was found to hold at equilibrium, significant underestimation was obtained under kinetically-controlled evaporation conditions. Because thermograms obtained at ambient aerosol loading levels are most likely to show departure from equilibrium, the application of a kinetic evaporation model is more suitable for inferring volatility properties of atmospheric samples than the calibration curve approach; however, the kinetic model analysis implies significant uncertainty, due to its sensitivity to the assumption of "effective" net kinetic evaporation and condensation coefficients. The influence of re-condensation on thermograms from the thermodenuder designs under study was found to be highly dependent on the particular experimental condition, with a significant potential to affect volatility estimations for aerosol mass loadings >50 μg m−3 and with increasing effective kinetic coefficient for condensation and decreasing particle size. These results show that the geometry of current thermodenuder systems should be modified to prevent re-condensation.
Volcano impacts on climate and biogeochemistry in a coupled carbon-climate model
Authors: Rothenberg D. , Mahowald N. , Lindsay K. , Doney S. C. , Moore J. K. , Thornton P.
Published: April 2012

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions induce a dynamical response in the climate system characterized by short-term, global reductions in both surface temperature and precipitation, as well as a response in biogeochemistry. The available observations of these responses to volcanic eruptions, such as to Pinatubo, provide a valuable method to compare against model simulations. Here, the Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3) reproduces the physical climate response to volcanic eruptions in a realistic way, as compared to direct observations from the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. The model biogeochemical response to eruptions is smaller in magnitude than observed, but because of the lack observations, it is not clear why or where the modeled carbon response is not strong enough. Comparison to other models suggests that this model response is much weaker in the tropical land; however the precipitation response in other models is not accurate, suggesting that other models could be getting the right response for the wrong reason. The underestimated carbon response in the model compared to observations could also be due to the ash and lava input of biogeochemical important species to the ocean, which are not included in the simulation. A statistically significant reduction in the simulated carbon dioxide growth rate is seen at the 90% level in the average of 12 large eruptions over the period 1870–2000, and the net uptake of carbon is primarily concentrated in the tropics with large spatial variability. In addition, a method for computing the volcanic response in model output without using a control ensemble is tested against a traditional methodology using two separate ensembles of runs; the method is found to produce similar results. These results suggest that not only is simulating volcanoes a good test of coupled carbon-climate models, but also that this test can be performed without a control simulation in cases where it is not practical to run separate ensembles with and without volcanic eruptions.
UTICAJ METEROLOŠKIH PARAMETARA NA KONCENTRACIJE SO2 U VAZDUHU GRADA BIJELJINE
Authors: Đurić Neđo , Babić Radenko , Savković Petar , Vidaković Mira
Published: April 2012

Glavni uzrok zagađenja vazduha u gradu Bijeljini su ložišta u domaćinstvima, a malim dijelom saobraćaj i industrija. Zagađenje zavisi od jačine izvora zagađenja, a transport, razblaživanje i taloženje na okolinu zavisi od sledećih faktora: visine uzdizanja zagađujuće materije u zavisnosti od visine dimnjaka, turbulencije i razmjene vazdušnih masa, pravca i brzine vjetra i izgrađenosti terena. Osnovni parametar koji utiče na aerozagađenje je vjetar, njegova brzina i pravac, koji su usko vezani sa vertikalnim i horizontalnim gradijentima temperature u atmosferi. U radu su prikazani odnosi koncentracija sumpor-dioksida i meteoroloških faktora: atmosferskog pritiska, brzine vjetra, relativne vlažnosti i temperature, bazirani na 24-časovnom kontinualnom mjerenju. Vršeno je poređenje rezultata mjerenja iz perioda povoljnih i nepovoljnih uslova za aerozagađenje – mjesec novembar 2009, 2010 i 2011. godine.
Northernmost Precontact Maize in North America
Authors: Boyd Matthew , Surette Clarence
Published: April 2012

Corn (Zea mays ssp. mays) was a key economic plant in the Americas, yet little information exists on the northern limit of maize consumption before European contact. Based on the analysis of carbonized food residue on pottery for plant microfossils (phytoliths and starch granules) from 58 precontact archaeological sites, we report the first evidence of maize consumption in the subarctic boreal forest. Recovery of maize microfossils from several widely distributed Laurel phase (Middle Woodland/Initial Shield Woodland) vessels indicates that the diffusion of corn into this region was surprisingly early (ca. A.D. 500) and may have initially spread through long-distance exchange networks linking temperate and boreal North America during the Woodland period. After A.D. 1000 maize was a widespread component of diet and was consumed by every major Late Woodland culture in the region. These results have profound implications both for the history of this cultigen and for small-scale human societies in northern North America.
Contextual Incongruities, Statistical Outliers, and Anomalies: Targeting Inconspicuous Occupational Events
Authors: Seymour Deni J.
Published: April 2012

New methodologies are needed to address multiple componentcy and short reuse episodes that are characteristic of mobile group residential and logistical strategies. Chronometric results are often misinterpreted when evaluated within a framework suited to long-term sedentary occupations. The standard practices of age-averaging, eliminating apparent "anomalous" results, and relying on high profile diagnostic tools and vessels and the most visible features—along with the expectation for "contextual congruence"—mask multi-componentcy and episodic reuse. High incidences of site reuse have been detected by considering alternate site development models and looking specifically for evidence of distinct shorter term occupations.
Clovis and Western Stemmed: Population Migration and the Meeting of Two Technologies in the Intermountain West
Authors: Beck Charlotte , Jones George T.
Published: April 2012

The Intermountain West is rarely included in discussions of the North American Paleoindian record, largely because there is so little evidence for Clovis in that region. What has been ignored in these discussions is the presence of an early record in the region associated not with Clovis, but with a different technology, the main diagnostic of which is the large, contracting stemmed projectile point. Dates associated with this technology are comparable to the earliest Clovis dates on the Plains. An examination of the spatial and temporal distributions of Clovis diagnostics suggests that elements of this technology arrived relatively late in the Intermountain West, apparently the termination of a diffusion (or migration) process that began in the southern Plains or Southeast, moved northward along the Rocky Mountain front, and eventually onto the Columbia Plateau. We argue that initial colonization of the intermountain region most likely involved groups moving inland from the Pacific coast carrying a non-Clovis technology, which was already in place by the time Clovis technology arrived.
The Depopulation of Sand Canyon Pueblo, A Large Ancestral Pueblo Village in Southwestern Colorado
Authors: Kuckelman Kristin A.
Published: April 2012

Archaeologists in the Mesa Verde region of the American Southwest have long sought the catalysts of the complete depopulation of the region by Pueblo farmers in the late thirteenth century. Ten years of excavations by the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center at Sand Canyon Pueblo, a large village that was occupied from approximately A.D. 1250 to 1280, yielded abundant data regarding the depopulation of the village and shed new light on causes of this intriguing regional emigration. Comparative analyses of faunal and archaeobotanical remains from middens vs. abandonment assemblages reveal a shift from farming to hunting and gathering that coincided with the onset of the Great Drought about A.D. 1276. Osteological and taphonomic analyses of human remains found in abandonment contexts reveal details of an attack during which many residents were killed and that ended the occupation of the village. These findings from Sand Canyon Pueblo suggest that climate-induced food stress and consequent violent conflict contributed to the depopulation of the Mesa Verde region in the late A.D. 1200s.
Footprints Across the Black Rock: Temporal Variability in Prehistoric Foraging Territories and Toolstone Procurement Strategies in the Western Great Basin
Authors: Smith Geoffrey M.
Published: April 2012

Mobility is a common theme in Paleoindian research throughout North America including in the Great Basin. One recent model based on results from the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of Paleoindian artifacts holds that early groups occupied geographically discrete foraging territories throughout the Great Basin during the terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene, ca. 11,500–7500 radiocarbon years ago (14C B.P.), that covered between 46,000 and 107,000 km2. While this model is innovative, its implications regarding Paleoindian mobility are difficult to reconcile with our knowledge of foraging populations. In this article, I evaluate the model using XRF data for 260 Paleoindian projectile points from northwest Nevada. The results fail to support the hypothesis that a single, expansive foraging territory once covered the western Great Basin. However, when compared to a sample of 1,085 projectile points from later periods (ca. 700014C B.P. to the historic era), data from the Paleoindian sample indicate that the foraging territories of early groups differed from those of later groups living in the same region. I suggest that these dissimilarities reflect differences in how groups moved across the landscape and procured lithic raw materials.
Jake Bluff: Clovis Bison Hunting on the Southern Plains of North America
Authors: Bement Leland C. , Carter Brian J.
Published: April 2012

Clovis hunters of the North American Great Plains are known for their ability to hunt and scavenge mammoths. Less is known of their hunting strategies for other large animals, such as horse, camel, and bison, although remains of these animals have been found at several Clovis camps. Recent investigations of the Jake Bluff site on the southern Plains have identified a Clovis bison kill in an arroyo. The apparent use of an arroyo style trap for bison hunting provides the opportunity to study Clovis hunting strategies that came to be widely used during later Paleoindian times. The arroyo style bison trap is generally attributed to Folsom and later groups, and yet the Jake Bluff site yielded an association of Clovis-style projectile points with the remains of 22Bison antiquusat the bottom of a short arroyo. The late date of 12,838 cal. BP suggests that the site spans the gap between the Clovis mammoth hunter and the Folsom bison hunter, indicating that some Clovis hunters developed the arroyo style bison trap to capture multiple bison at the same time, and as mammoths were extirpated from certain areas during the Pleistocene to Holocene transition.
Putting it on the Calendar: Some Methodological Notes on Hockett's “Middle and Late Holocene Hunting in the Great Basin”
Authors: Hall Mark E.
Published: April 2012

Hockett's (2005) examination of the faunal deposition rates at three sites in the Great Basin contains two fundamental errors. The rates are calculated using uncalibrated radiocarbon determinations, and ignores the fact that atmospheric radiocarbon has fluctuated through the millennia. Second, despite pronouncements on significant differences, no formal significance tests were done. This comment re-analyzes two of the sites discussed by Hockett using calibrated radiocarbon determinations and formal statistical significance tests.
Back to Study Hall: Further Reflections on Large Game Hunting During the Middle Holocene in the Great Basin
Authors: Hockett Bryan
Published: April 2012

Hall's (this issue) comment to my paper published in American Antiquity five years ago (Hockett 2005) makes the following statements: (1) I calculated "depositional rates" for a series of Great Basin faunal assemblages; (2) my analysis did not account for atmospheric radiocarbon fluctuations; and (3) my paper argued "against an increase in hunting artiodactyls from the Middle to Late Holocene." He further argues that recalculation of the data I presented demonstrates that both large-and small-game hunting increased from the Middle to the Late Holocene. Hall is wrong on all accounts. I agree, however, that calibrated dates should now be used instead of the raw radiocarbon dates I used in my original paper. Using calibrated dates, however, does nothing to change the initial patterns I outlined five years ago. Three more recent papers (Hockett 2007, 2009; Hockett and Murphy 2009) on large game hunting in the Great Basin also corroborate my 2005 interpretations.
The Provenance and Use of Etowah Palettes
Authors: Steponaitis Vincas P. , Swanson Samuel E. , Wheeler George , Drooker Penelope B.
Published: April 2012

Based on geological and stylistic evidence, we argue that stone palettes found at Etowah were made locally from nearby raw materials. We also show that they were wrapped in textiles and kept in bundles, i.e., that they were objects used in ritual. Etowah palettes were used as portable altars, perhaps in ceremonies that involved anointing other objects with colorful (and spiritually powerful) substances. The realization that palettes were bundled ritual gear should cause us to rethink common assumptions that such objects moved from site to site by means of "trade," or that they functioned as "prestige goods" in the sense of Frankenstein and Rowlands (1978).
Kinship Theory in Archaeology: From Critiques to the Study of Transformations
Authors: Ensor Bradley E.
Published: April 2012

Kinship theory is argued to be an important aspect of social dynamics in past societies. However, archaeological critiques of kinship have suggested that descent and residence models are ideological constructs not associated with socioeconomic behavior, that social anthropologists believe normative kinship rules are rarely practiced, and that the models are biased by Western assumptions of biological relatedness. These critiques ignore the past several decades of kinship research. A review of kinship theory demonstrates sophisticated holistic approaches to socioeconomic behavior and ideology that are not based on biological assumptions, and that historic and ongoing social disruptions and political economic transformations have significantly altered kinship behavior. Furthermore, empirical data demonstrate adherence to kinship rules prior to historic transformations. The fact that kinship changes is argued to be the source of confusion leading to the critiques in archaeological literature but is also argued to present an opportunity for archaeologists to explain social transformations in the deep past.
Pattern Symmetries of the Chaco Phenomenon
Authors: Washburn Dorothy K.
Published: April 2012

This study describes the symmetrical structure of hatched patterns in two ceramic types, Gallup Black-on-white and Chaco Black-on-white, made and used during the heyday of the Chaco network, A. D. 1050-1150. This design system represents a discontinuity in pattern, pattern formation, and structural symmetry from the previous decorative styles in the region. It consists of a limited repertoire of patterns formed by the continuous-line construction technique organized by a limited number of two-dimensional symmetries. These patterns are repeatedly painted on three specific vessel forms found especially in burials and storage rooms at Pueblo Bonito. Identical patterns from this Bonito repertoire are found at other great houses and small sites in great house communities throughout the San Juan Basin. The widespread distribution of this uniform design system is new evidence for the existence of institutionalized sociopolitical ties between Pueblo Bonito and the other great houses and small sites in the Chaco network. The implications of the homogeneous nature of this system and its sudden appearance without precedent will be addressed.
Childhood Diet and Western Basin Tradition Foodways at the Krieger Site, Southwestern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Watts Christopher M. , White Christine D. , Longstaffe Fred J.
Published: April 2012

In this article, we discuss new stable isotope data obtained from human dental tissue at the Krieger site, a Late Woodland Western Basin Tradition occupation from southwestern Ontario, Canada. These data point to significant maize consumption within an otherwise diffuse subsistence economy and settlement pattern geared toward the occupation of short-term campsites. The degree of maize consumption at Krieger implies the necessity for storage and year-round use. We suggest that maize horticultural practices during this time were as intensive as those suggested for contemporary and more sedentary Iroquoian groups to the east yet were accommodated without major changes to other aspects of the subsistence-settlement regime. Furthermore, the absence of a breastfeeding signal in the dental tissue not only implicates women in the role of maize production but might also imply demographic consequences. Accordingly, and with reference to comparative data, we suggest that notions of food production be recast and decoupled from the advent of sedentary lifeways in the lower Great Lakes region.
Time and Archaeological Traditions in the Lower Illinois Valley
Authors: King Jason L. , Buikstra Jane E. , Charles Douglas K.
Published: April 2012

The issue of time remains a crucial one in Lower Illinois Valley archaeology, and key problems remain unresolved. In this paper, new radiocarbon assays and published dates are used to test hypotheses concerning intra-site bluff top mound chronologies, timing and structure of valley settlement, and the emergence of regional symbolic communities during the Middle Woodland period (ca. 50 cal B.C.-cal A.D. 400). We show that within sites Middle Woodland mounds were constructed first on prominent, distal bluff ridges and subsequently in less-visible spaces, though additional dates are needed to fully understand intra-site chronology. Our analyses generally support previous studies suggesting a north-to-south settlement trajectory of the valley, though habitation site dates indicate a more complicated pattern of regional occupation that has yet to be fully explicated. In addition, floodplain regional symbolic communities also emerged along a north-to-south pattern, though not as rapidly as bluff crest mounds. Importantly, results indicate future areas of research necessary to elucidate regional chronology, resettlement of the valley, and community interactions.
Bread Ovens, Social Networks and Gendered Space: An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Tandir Ovens in Southeastern Anatolia
Authors: Parker Bradley J.
Published: April 2012

Ethnoarchaeology has, from its inception, suffered from the lack of a clear theoretical framework to productively link its two constituent parts: ethnography and archaeology. In this paper, I propose a framework that allows the integration of ethnographic and archaeological datasets at various levels of abstraction. I argue that it is only through innovative combinations of ethnography and archaeology, applied with proper caution and disclosure and at explicit levels of abstraction, that ethnoarchaeologists can hope to construct an ethnoarchaeology that is greater than the sum of its parts.
Pottery-Making in Spanish California: Creating Multi-Scalar Social Identity through Daily Practice
Authors: Peelo Sarah
Published: April 2012

Between 1769 and 1834, the Spanish missions of Alta California were pluralistic communities. Faced with cultural entanglement, residents of particular missions formed communities of practice, out of which a shared social identity may have emerged. This process of colonial identity construction is illustrated by the patterned ways potters at one mission, Mission San Antonio de Padua, constructed Plainwares. Potters within this mission community selected the same local raw materials and fired ceramics in open fires. As potters participated in shared traditions of ceramic production, with regard to these steps in the manufacturing sequence, they may have created a shared social identity. In addition to the creation of a shared community identity, potters may have produced and reproduced other social identities that served to create arenas of division. For example, variability in primary forming techniques may suggest that gender identities were created out of the way some potters, possibly women, hand modeled vessels while others, possibly men, threw vessels on a wheel. Through ceramic production, potters at Mission San Antonio de Padua may have at one scale fostered a sense of belonging to the mission community, but at other scales created arenas for social distinction within the indigenous population.
Beyond Squier and Davis: Rediscovering Ohio's Earthworks Using Geophysical Remote Sensing
Authors: Burks Jarrod , Cook Robert A.
Published: April 2012

The prehistoric earthworks of Ohio have played a major role in the development of American archaeology and they continue to figure prominently in archaeological research. However, while a select group of larger earthwork sites have been intensively studied and resurveyed with geophysical survey instruments, much of the ongoing earthwork research, and reference to less-well-known sites, still relies on nineteenth-and early twentieth-century maps. In this article, we present the results of magnetic gradient surveys at three earthwork complexes in south central Ohio. Though much degraded by agricultural plowing and other historic impacts, our survey results show that despite near invisibility at the surface, Ohio's earthwork sites are (1) readily detected in geophysical surveys, (2) more complex than most early maps suggest, and (3) more numerous and varied than once thought. Given the major role these sites have taken on in studies that explore topics ranging from community structure and burial ceremonialism to population mobility and the development of socioeconomic complexity, a radical redrafting of the nineteenth-century maps could have far-reaching implications in the study of Woodland period (specifically, ca. 300 B.C.-A.D. 500) cultures in the Midwest U.S.
On Prey Mobility, Prey Rank, and Foraging Goals
Authors: Ugan Andrew , Simms Steven
Published: April 2012

In their recent paper “In Pursuit of Mobile Prey,” Bird, Bliege-Bird, and Codding (2009) identify a negative relationship between body size and post-encounter returns among Martu prey in western Australia, attributing the phenomena to the greater mobility of large animals and associated risk of hunting failure. While this phenomenon has implications for archaeological applications of foraging models that assume body size and on-encounter returns are positively correlated, the Martu data may be less exceptional than they appear. Here we outline the reasons for our skepticism, point out areas in which we are in agreement, and build upon their findings by exploring the trade-offs between foraging to maximize efficiency and immediate returns and foraging for purposes other than immediate provisioning.