bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The histological assessment of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (Nandrolone Decanoate) administration on brain and liver of male albino rats
Authors: Ali Khudheyer Obayes  , Qays Assi Ahmed  , Bayan Mohammed Mahdi Almubarak
Published: January 2025

Nandrolone Decanoate is an anabolic androgenic steroid as testosterone derivatives which was commonly used in several diseases anemia, osteoporosis and muscle atrophy as well as its use by bodybuilders. The aim of this study to assessment the role of Nandrolone Decanoate administration on histological architecture of brain and liver and serum SOD, GSH Adropin in albino rats. Fifteen male albino rats, random distributed into three groups, 1st group I, 2nd group II where subcutaneous injection with (0. 5 and 0.15) ml/kg/ day / four times a week, for 45 day respectively and control group were injected with normal saline. The result of The group I showed congestion of meningeal and cortex hemolyzed blood vessels, cortex foamy appearance, neurons degeneration of inner pyramidal layer, pyramidal cells atrophy. axonal atrophy, myelin sheath degeneration and glial cells degeneration. The results of Group II, revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells within meningeal membrane, showed pyramidal cells degeneration within outer layer of cortex, atrophy of neuron cells and apoptosis of glial cells of inner cortex. Foamy appearance of white matter. The results of liver histological examinations of group I showed aggregate of fibroblast and inflammatory cells around central vein, infiltration of inflammatory cells in sinusoids vessels in between hepatocytes, cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes, pyknosis of degenerative hepatocytes, pyknosis of hepatocytes, hemorrhage in between hepatocytes with hemosiderin deposition and necrosis. The results of group II showed vacuolation within engorged hemolyzed RBCs within central vein, Infiltration of fibroblast cells adjacent portal bile duct, massive necrosis of hepatocytes. The results of Prussian blue staining in liver samples of group I and II showed iron deposit adjacent central vein, and between hepatocytes and increased iron accumulation between hepatocytes related with dosage of given dose. On the other hand the results of the present study revealed significant increasing of malondialdehyde and Adropin serum level otherwise there is a significant decreased superoxide dismutase and Glutathione when compared with control group on level P≤ 0.05.
COVID-19 and gastrointestinal involvement: A brief review
Authors: Aneliya Lazarova Gotseva  , Liliya Strashimirova Grahlyova
Published: January 2025

COVID-19 is an infectious disease with a large-spectrum clinical presentation. Many extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 have been described. It has been found that SARS-CoV-2, may affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and may lead to an alteration of the gut microbiota. Еnterocytes have been shown to be a major target of the virus. SARS-CoV-2 enters the target cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor on the cell surface, highly expressed in the glandular cells of GI tracts and indirectly or directly damage the digestive system. The incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms ranged, with nearly half of patients experiencing at least one symptom. Diarrhea to be the most commonly reported in children and adults. Studies reveal that, SARS-CoV-2 RNA may remain detectable in the stool even after negative results from respiratory samples.
The importance of using technology systems in improving human resource activities: A case study of Internet service and software development companies in Herat Province
Authors: Sayed Mukhtar Sadat  , Mostafa Shakibani
Published: January 2025

In today's world, the use of technology can be used in various aspects of life and has brought about dramatic changes in all aspects of human life. Changes in organizational structures and optimization of department management are one of the areas that have been affected by this topic. Current technologies in the present era have facilitated work, implemented activities, improved performance, reduced costs in advancing work, and increased flexibility in the work process. Despite all these advantages, the challenges facing human resource activities are still being discussed by analysts and experts in this field. Security concerns in systems and the need for system training for organization employees are among these discussions. Considering all the facilities and problems of using technology in the human resource system leads to great goals that prove the human resource system to be a valuable and powerful solution. In this study, by studying and addressing the challenges and opportunities for the resource unit figures by using technology, I have achieved very valuable results by analyzing the existing information and conducting a field survey. The statistical population is 100 people and the information has been collected through an online questionnaire. The collected information has been examined considering components such as: system selection for convenience, technological knowledge of employees, data analysis and transparency in access to information, data analysis has been discussed by SPSS program and correlation and regression analysis.
Age of sexual maturity of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis frogs in a rearing environment
Authors: Gaoussou Keita  , Mamadou Kone  , N’guessan Gustave Aliko  , N’guessan Emmanuel Assemian
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to determine the age of sexual maturity of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis, the most commonly consumed frog in Côte d'Ivoire, under rearing conditions. Histological analyses were carried out on gonads taken from farmed male and female frogs aged between 06 and 12 months. The results showed that the gonado-somatic ratios of males (0.045 to 0.73%) are much lower than those of females (0.22 to 17.03%). Histological sections indicate that the age of full sexual maturity of males and females under rearing conditions is 10.5 months. At this age there is a massive presence of spermatozoa in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules in males and a high number of mature oocytes (V and VI) in females. Determining the age at which Hoplobatrachus occipitalis frogs reach sexual maturity will enable future frog breeders to build up stocks of broodstock and thus plan breeding periods.]'
Evaluating drug-related problems in narrow therapeutic index medications: The critical role of clinical pharmacists in patient safety
Authors: Mohammed Uzair Vohra  , Akshay Prasad Ramani  , Archana Navale  , Priyanshi Shah
Published: January 2025

Background: Drug-related problems (DRPs) associated with narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drugs present significant challenges in clinical practice, often leading to adverse patient outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and types of DRPs linked to NTI drugs compared to non-NTI drugs and to assess the role of clinical pharmacists in mitigating these issues.
Methods: A total of 85 DRPs were identified, with common types including untreated indications (30.58%), unnecessary drug treatments (21.17%), and incorrect dosages (15.29%).
Results: A total of 273 prescriptions were analysed, of which 91 (33.33%) included at least one narrow therapeutic index (NTI) drug. Among these, the majority (86%) contained only one NTI drug. A total of 85 drug-related problems (DRPs) were identified, with 17.64% being associated with NTI drugs. The most common types of DRPs were untreated indications (30.58%) and unnecessary drug treatments (21.17%). Additionally, DRPs were more prevalent in non-NTI drugs (82.36%). The presence of multiple comorbidities was correlated with a higher incidence of DRPs. Patients with DRPs experienced longer hospital stays (average of 10 days), compared to those without DRPs (6 days). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the incidence of DRPs between NTI and non-NTI drugs (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: This underscores the critical importance of clinical pharmacists in managing high-risk medications effectively. These findings highlight the need for structured pharmaceutical care and enhanced collaboration within healthcare teams to optimize medication management and patient safety. Future research should focus on standardized guidelines for managing NTI drugs and further exploring the economic implications of clinical pharmacy services in reducing DRPs.
Pandangan Perempuan Baduy Tentang Pernikahan dan Cinta dalam Era Globalisasi
Authors: Die Chen , Isnendes Chye Retty
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak globalisasi terhadap pandangan perempuan Baduy mengenai pernikahan dan cinta. Masyarakat Baduy terdiri dari Baduy Dalam yang tertutup dan Baduy Luar yang lebih terbuka, menghadirkan perbedaan signifikan dalam menghadapi arus globalisasi. Studi ini menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis lapangan untuk memahami perubahan pandangan perempuan Baduy dan bagaimana mereka menjaga nilai-nilai tradisional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan Baduy Dalam tetap memegang teguh adat tradisi tanpa pengaruh luar, sedangkan perempuan Baduy Luar mengalami perubahan pandangan yang lebih fleksibel terhadap pernikahan dan cinta, meskipun masih dalam kerangka adat. Penelitian ini menyarankan pelestarian budaya tradisional sambil menyesuaikan aspek-aspek modernisasi secara seimbang, terutama bagi generasi muda.
Analisis Manajemen Nilai Al Islam Kemuhammadiyahan dan Ke’aisyiyahan dalam Kurikulum Merdeka di TK ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal
Authors: Kusumastuti Vivi , Imron Imron
Published: January 2025

Kurikulum Taman Kanak-kanak (TK) ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal  memiliki ciri khas muatan lokal nilai-nilai Al Islam, Kemuhammadiyahan, dan Ke’aisyiyahan (AIK). Seiring pemberlakuan Kurikulum Merdeka, perlu penelitian terhadap manajemen nilai-nilai AIK beserta tantangan yang dihadapi guru dalam pembelajaran AIK. Tujuannya untuk memaparkan hasil analisis SWOT terhadap kurikulum muatan lokal AIK. Selain itu untuk melihat permasalahan serta alternatif pemecahan masalah dalam pembelajaran AIK. Menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian di TK ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal. Subyek penelitian yakni kepala sekolah, dan guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diagram analisis SWOT berada pada kuadran I dengan nilai positif, artinya TK ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal memiliki posisi yang prima, mantap, kuat secara organisasi dan memiliki banyak peluang. Permasalahan dalam pembelajaran adalah peserta didik yang sulit fokus dan rentang konsentrasi pendek. Untuk mengatasinya guru menerapkan disiplin positif dan segitiga resititusi untuk menjaga agar situasi kelas tetap teratur dan kondusif. Dengan demikian hal ini membuktikan bahwa pelaksanaan kurikulum muatan lokal AIK tetap relevan dalam Kurikulum Merdeka.
Validasi Dimensi Kesiapan Anak Mengikuti Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar dengan STPPA: Pendekatan Analisis Faktor Eksploratori dan Konfirmatori
Authors: Lumaurridlo Lumaurridlo , Zamroni Zamroni , Istiyono Edi
Published: January 2025

Penilaian kesiapan anak mengikuti pembelajaran di sekolah dasar menjadi bagian penting proses transisi anak memasuki pendidikan yang lebih formal dan tersruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara empiris kecocokan model dimensi kesiapan anak mengikuti pembelajaran di sekolah dasar menggunakan standar tingkat pencapaian perkembangan anak (STPPA). Penelitian ini melibatkan 20 guru TK, RA dan PAUD di Kabupaten Cilacap beserta 200 anak usia 4 sampai dengan 7 tahun. Analisis faktor eksploratori dan second order confirmatory factor analysis digunakan untuk membuktikan kecocokan model. Hasil uji kecocokan model tersebut membuktikan bahwa enam aspek STPPA yang terdiri dari capaian perkembangan moral dan agama, fisik-motorik, kognitif, bahasa, sosial-emosional serta seni dapat digunakan sebagai aspek penilaian kesiapan anak mengikuti pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. Hasil penilaian yang diperoleh dari instrumen yang dikembangkan ini dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan kesiapan anak secara fisik dan psikologis anak untuk mengikuti pembelajaran di sekolah beserta masa transisinya.
Building Multicultural Personality Through Religious Moderation In Early Childhood Education: Case Study in Ponorogo
Authors: Puspitasari Ratna Nila , Soraya Siti Zazak
Published: January 2025

Integrating religious moderation into early childhood education is an important approach to forming multicultural personalities in children. This research explores the application of religious moderation in early childhood education and its impact on children's growth and development. This research involved using a qualitative case study method, which involved six teachers from three kindergartens in Ponorogo. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observation, and document analysis, with data analysis following an interactive model that included data collection, condensation, display, and verification. The findings reveal that religious moderation forms a multicultural personality using culture-based activities that can develop cultural empathy and accommodation towards local culture, routine ceremonies and those included in learning activities develop open-mindedness and national commitment, religious activities develop flexibility and tolerance, and fair treatment of teachers and principals. schools and students develop emotional stability and anti-violence, and social activities develop social initiative and tolerance. Although there are challenges, such as differences in religious viewpoints and difficulties in integrating national and local curricula, the benefits include reducing excessive religious fanaticism and encouraging empathy and tolerance.
Effectiveness of Blended Learning Model Assisted By Scholoogy to Improve Language Skills of Early Childhood Education Teachers
Authors: Sukini Sukini , Uluk Embang , Masruchiyah Nieke , Nurhayati4 R. , Safar Muh. , Agustina Ika , Sari Windy Dian , Santosa Tomi Apra
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the influence of the Scholoogy-assisted blended learning model on improving language skills in prospective early childhood education teachers. This study is a quantitative research with a meta-analysis approach. The inclusion criteria in this study include a) research obtained through the Google Scholar database; DOAJ, ScienceDirect; Wos and Wiley, b) research must be indexed by the Science Technology and Index (SINTA), Web of Science or Scopus; c) the research topic must be relevant; d) the research was published in the 2021-2024 range; e) Research sample 30 students. Analyze data with the help of JSAP applications. The results of this study concluded that the 23 studies analyzed obtained an effect size value (d = 1,081; Z = 9.685; p 0.001) is included in the very high effect size category. These findings show that the Scholoogy-assisted blended learning model greatly affects language skills in early childhood education students. In addition, the application of the blended learning model assisted by schology is effective in helping to develop students' language skills in learning. This research is expected to contribute to the world of education and research in the future.
Building Pancasila Values in Early Childhood Education at Klasis Flores
Authors: Tamelab Maryance Ferawati , Nalle Efraim Semuel , Nalle Efraim Semuel , Saefatu Irony Damianus , Saefatu Irony Damianus , Radja Petrus Logo , Radja Petrus Logo , Lopo Retno J. K. , Lopo Retno J. K. , Pae Agnesti , Pae Agnesti
Published: January 2025

This study aims to evaluate early childhood character development in Klasis Flores by implementing the Pancasila Student Profile, particularly in the post-pandemic period, which prompted a shift to technology-based learning. Using a descriptive quantitative method, we collected the data through surveys, observation, interviews, and documentation. The outcomes show that kids are independent, believing, and ethical yet, at the same time, inadequate in imagination, worldwide mindfulness, tolerance, and innovation. Unsurprisingly, progress was uneven, demonstrating the need for further guidance from teachers. These findings underscore the essential character-building approach to address challenges in distance learning in rural areas.
Systematic Literature Review: Analysis of Early Childhood Education Teachers' Resilience Capabilities in Facing Professional and Contextual Challenges
Authors: Faizin Imam , Sarwi Sarwi , Sudarmin Sudarmin , Cahyono Adi Nur
Published: January 2025

This research aims to analyze the resilience capabilities of Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers in facing professional and contextual challenges through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Using the PRISMA method, 12 articles from 2015–2024 were identified and analyzed to explore the internal and external factors of ECE teachers' resilience. The analysis results indicate that 33% of the articles highlight the role of internal resilience factors such as self-compassion, ego-resilience, and self-esteem. In comparison, 50% of the articles emphasize the importance of social support, institutional policies, and training as external resilience factors. 17% of the articles discuss the interaction between internal and external factors. These findings affirm that resilience results from a dynamic interaction between the individual and their environment. This research recommends developing resilience-based training programs and institutional policies that support the well-being of ECE teachers. With a holistic approach, early childhood education teachers are expected to be better prepared to face professional and contextual challenges that optimally contribute to supporting the development of young children.
The Effect of Mobile Learning on Critical Thinking Skills of Early Childhood Education Teacher Prospective Students: Meta-Analysis 2021-2024
Authors: Panggabean Tongam E , Rizki Sofan , Walid Abul , Yanti Dawi , Agustina Ika , Wariunsora Marlen , Mas’ud Abdurahman , Santosa Tomi Apra
Published: January 2025

Many previous studies have reported that there are many different impacts of the application of mobile learning in improving students' critical thinking skills. This study aims to determine the effect of mobile learning on critical thinking skills in early childhood teacher candidates through meta-analysis. In this study, 27 studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The inclusion criteria in this study are 1) the research was published in 2021-2024; 2) the research must be relevant; 3) research must be reputable indexed by SINTA or Scopus; 4) The research must report complete data. The data was analyzed using Excel and JASP applications by presenting the results of effect size, funnel plot, and publication bias. The results of the analysis concluded that mobile learning had a positive influence on the critical thinking ability of prospective early childhood education teachers compared to other learning (g = 1.204; 95% CI 1.007; 1.401; p 0.001). (This finding informs that mobile learning is effective in improving the critical thinking skills of prospective early childhood education teachers.
Exploring the Role of School Principals in Promoting Entrepreneurship in Kindergartens: A Study in Kuta Alam, Banda Aceh
Authors: Susanti Sri , Usman Nasir , Niswanto Niswanto
Published: January 2025

School principals have a strategic role in introducing entrepreneurship to teachers. This research aims to discover the program, strategies, and supporting factors and obstacles for school principals in introducing entrepreneurship in kindergarten at the Kuta Alam District Activity Center (PKG) in Banda Aceh. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques of interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The research results showed that the program to introduce entrepreneurship had been prepared at the beginning of the semester, involving the principal, senior teachers, and supervisors. Still, they were not complete and not well-detailed. The principal's strategy for introducing entrepreneurship is to involve all school personnel. This activity is part of the implementation of P5 in the independent curriculum, such as implementing market day. This study contributes by providing insight into the importance of careful planning and structural support to strengthen the implementation of entrepreneurship programs in early childhood education. The implication is the need for policies that encourage ongoing training for teachers and adequate funding for the program's success to build an entrepreneurial culture from an early age in the educational environment.
Estimating Heterogeneity in Intuitive Prosociality
Authors: Kvarven Amanda , Strømland Eirik , Torsvik Gaute
Published: January 2025

This paper uses a randomized experiment on a representative sample from the Norwegian population (N = 1390) to test whether prosocial behavior is intuitive. We use time pressure to capture intuitive decision making and a dictator game to measure prosocial behavior. We also estimate and test for “population heterogeneity” in the effect size. First, we exogenously vary subject experience with economic games to test whether experience influences the treatment effect. Second, we leverage our data structure to conduct a "pseudo meta-analysis," assessing effect size heterogeneity across several potential sources of heterogeneity. This helps us assess whether prior findings in the literature stem from false positives or genuine heterogeneity in effect sizes. Our results show no evidence that experience with economic experiments moderates the time pressure effect. Further, the estimated heterogeneity in effect sizes in the pseudo meta-analysis is negligible, we cannot reject the null hypothesis of a uniform p-value distribution, and our rejection rate aligns with the expected 5% from chance alone. These findings support the view that the apparent link between prosocial behavior and intuitive processing is likely due to false positives rather than heterogeneous treatment effects.
Validation of the LOVE Assessment Tool (LAT): A Pilot Study of Reliability and Validity
Authors: Maturlu Noel Danford
Published: January 2025

This study examines the psychometric properties of the LOVE Assessment Tool (LAT), a novel instrument based on the LOVE Model, which integrates attachment, spirituality, and adversity to promote holistic flourishing. Conducted with a pre-registered protocol on the Open Science Framework, the pilot study used a quantitative, cross-sectional design involving 112 adults from diverse cultural, religious, and socio-economic backgrounds. The LAT exhibited excellent psychometric properties, with a total scale reliability of Cronbach’s alpha = 0.968 and subscale reliabilities from α = 0.813 to 0.941. Validation of the Linkedness, Opulence, Valory, and Equanimity subscales confirmed their distinctiveness within the multidimensional framework. Convergent validity was established through correlations with the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Flourishing Scale. In contrast, discriminant validity was shown via low correlations with unrelated measures like the Perceived Stress Scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis highlighted each subscale's unique yet interrelated contributions to flourishing. The LAT bridges the gap between spirituality and psychological well-being by operationalising constructs centred on agape—unconditional, divine love. It offers novel insights into secure spiritual attachment and well-being, with potential applications in clinical, educational, occupational, and community contexts. Its validation establishes the LAT as a credible tool for fostering Bliss—a state of enduring fulfilment and holistic flourishing.
The Harmful Dysfunction Analysis applied to the concept of behavioral addiction: A secondary analysis of data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2018
Authors: Amendola Simone , Hengartner Michael P. , Wakefield Jerome C.
Published: January 2025

Objective: The study's principal aim was to explore the usefulness of the Harmful Dysfunction Analysis (HDA) in identifying individuals with pathological social media use (PSMU) and potentially other behavioral addictions as an alternative to using DSM-5-TR-based diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders (SUD) or research criteria for internet gaming disorder (GD).Method: Using Swiss data (N = 7,510) from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study 2018, we tested weaker (HDA1) and stronger (HDA2) HDA versions. We examined differences between HDA cases and non-cases, convergence between different scoring methods, and between groups differences distinct to each scoring method (i.e., non-overlapping cases) on measures of physical health (physical activity and body mass index) and mental health (psychosomatic health, life satisfaction, school well-being), with models adjusted for age, gender, migration status, and family affluence. Data from Hungary (N = 3,789) was selected to repeat the analysis as a sensitivity investigation. Results: SUD-based scoring yielded the highest PSMU prevalence of 33.2% while GD-based prevalence was 9%. HDA1 and HDA2 scorings yielded PSMU prevalence of 22.2% and 4.2%, respectively. HDA1-based PSMU cases showed poorer physical and mental health than non-cases with differences of small-to-medium effect size, whereas HDA2 differences were of large effect size. SUD-based cases that overlapped with HDA scoring showed worse physical and mental health than non-overlapping SUD-based cases. Non-overlapping GD and HDA cases showed no significant differences on validators that survived the sensitivity evaluation. Conclusions: HDA may reduce PSMU prevalence while preserving conceptual and clinical validity. The more demanding HDA2 approach exhibited more convincing validator results than HDA1. From the HDA perspective, substantial SUD-based cases were false positives whereas GD-based scoring produced both false positives and negatives. Our findings suggest that further examination of HDA for advancing the conceptualization of addictive disorders is warranted.
Mechanisms for inducing anesthesia, safety and well-being, through ketamine, psychedelics and serotonin effects on 5-HT2a receptors.
Authors: Vadovičová Karin
Published: January 2025

This study proposes mechanisms for ketamine anesthetic effects through activating theinterpeduncular nucleus (IPN)→ median raphe (MRN)→ claustrum circuit that induces corticalslow-wave oscillations.These findings explain why are ketamine and psychedelics anxiolytic and antidepressant, and howactivation of the 5-HT2a receptors in the vACC/a25 (infralimbic cortex homolog) increasessafety, well-being, cognitive flexibility and alleviates affective pain.Serotonin, ketamine and hallucinogens induce safety and well-being signal, feeling at ease, reliefand satisfaction by activating the 5-HT2a receptors in vACC/a25 . vACC activation by beliefs thatsomething is going well (or helps) causes a placebo effect, increases resilience and helps toattenuate the pain pathway. Activation of vACC promotes socializing, reasoning and rest. I proposethat vACC induces bonding by activating oxytocin release. Oxytocin and DRN serotonin then activate vACC safety signal, promoting socializing, and inhibit D2 pathway in ventral striatum, attenuating affective (social) inhibition, aversion and learned helplesness. I proposed that vACC cortex signals safety and well-being (Vadovičová & Gasparotti, 2014). vACCactivates when we gain safety, social or biological rewards, affection, nurture, care, acceptance,when we do something well, make someone smile, reach goals or improve our prospects. Activationof vACC/BA25 induces serotonin release from DRN, makes humans feel lighter (less down), fine, at ease, in peace, satisfied and ready to rest, socialize or think freely. The vACC signal is inhibited by pain, loss, harm, deprivations, adversities, danger and alarm, and mutually attenuates them. The vACC and induced serotonin directly calm fear, stress and bad feelings by inhibiting/attenuating the output of the anterior insula, central amygdala, dACC/prelimbic cortex and (directly and indirectly) the LHb.
Ideas on a Model of Economic Growth for the UK: An Integrated Framework
Authors: Adamou Marios
Published: January 2025

Economic growth theories have provided significant insights into the mechanisms driving development, yet single-idea models often fall short in addressing the complexities of modern economies. The Solow Growth Model, endogenous growth frameworks, and structural change theories each focus on specific drivers of growth but lack a comprehensive perspective. This paper proposes an integrated overarching model that combines elements from these frameworks, including capital accumulation, human capital, technological progress, structural transformation, institutional quality, and globalisation. By addressing the limitations in existing theories and incorporating debates from Keynesian and monetarist perspectives, as well as insights from public administration and comparative policy studies, this model seeks to provide actionable strategies tailored to the UK’s persistent challenges. These challenges include addressing stagnant productivity, regional inequalities, and post-Brexit uncertainties, offering a pathway to sustainable and inclusive growth.
Autistic People’s Experiences With Mental Health Services: Intersectionality Matters
Authors: Adams Dawn , Malone Stephanie A. , Lawson Wenn B. , Breasley Jayden , Girdler Sonya , Carroll Annette
Published: January 2025

Autistic people experience elevated rates ofmental health conditions compared to non-autistic people, yet they encountersignificant barriers to accessing supports or services. This study reports on the problems autistic people experience when accessingmental health services in as well aswhat leads to, or could change,these problems. Open-text responses by 539 participants (including 250autistic people)were collected via an online survey.Every response was read and coded using content analysis. The main problems reportedby respondentswere a lack of skilled therapists and a lack of therapists with knowledge/understanding of autism. Respondents identified better training in autism, more neurodivergent/autistic professionals,and increased funding as factors that could prevent/reduce the problems. Exploringresponses through an intersectional lens, specifically,autistic people who identify as women, LGBTQIA+, Low SES, older age,and those living in regional/remote areas, highlighted differingperspective and experiences. The findings identify multiple possible pathways to improve access, address need-treatment gaps,and improve mental health outcomes for autistic people.
The Trouble with GenAI: LLMs are still not any close to AGI. They will never be
Authors: Maes Stephane
Published: January 2025

The pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) has been a prominent goal within the field of artificial intelligence. However, this paper argues that current Generative AI Language Models (GenAI LLMs), such as GPT-4 o1, and similar/later LLMs with similar architectures like o3, are fundamentally incapable of achieving AGI. This argument is supported by examining the intrinsic limitations of LLMs, their operational paradigms, and the essential characteristics that define AGI.We discuss a short experiment performed with all the big LLMs, including the latest ones released by the main different AI providers: extracting and producing a list of URL links from a word document. None of the LLMs succeeded, including the latest from OpenAI, Google, Claude or Perplexity. Instead they all get confused, extract only a subset then, when shown how to do it, they hallucinate the links and never produce a complete list. It happens even when shown how to do it. We take this as a counterexample to statements made by many that, by now, end of 2024, GenAI LLMs would, already reach AGI, or be almost there. In fact we argue that AGI is not about to be reached by LLMs any time soon. They will never reach AGI, without changes away from just being LLMS. Claims to the contrary are unrealistic.The paper presents possible direction to reach AGI, and in particulars our views on how to proceed.
Aesthetic responses to birdsong: Similarities with human music
Authors: Krehbiel Dwight , Zhang Tiffany , Estrada Caitlin , Katta Sreehitha , Routray Pallavi
Published: January 2025

The widespread enjoyment of birdsong by human listeners and the frequent incorporation of birdsong into human music compositions suggest that birdsong may be regarded as a form of music. The research reported here approaches this issue by comparing human aesthetic emotional responses to a sample of birdsongs with those to a sample of human music excerpts. The Aesthetic Emotions Scale was used to measure responses to 13 birdsongs and 13 short human music excerpts in two separate samples of about 30 high school and college participants. Data analysis was focused on emotional responses that predicted the feeling of beauty, comparing these predictors for birdsong and human music. The results showed numerous similarities in the predictors for the two sets of stimuli. Prototypical aesthetic emotions such as enchantment and being moved and pleasing emotions such as relaxation and joy emerged as strong positive predictors of the feeling of beauty in both samples, while negative emotions such as confusion and ugliness were strongly negatively correlated with the feeling of beauty in both birdsong and human music. Relationships for epistemic emotions were less consistent except for negative correlations with surprise in both data sets. The clearest difference in the relationship to the feeling of beauty was in sadness, which had a moderately strong positive correlation with the feeling of beauty in human music but a weak negative correlation for birdsong. Thus, birdsong and human music generate highly similar experiences of beauty, suggesting that humans find birdsong to be musical.
Impact of Capacity-Building Project on Socio-economic Well-being of Women in Higaonon Community
Authors: Caingcoy Manuel
Published: January 2025

Capacity-building projects are crucial for developing the skills of indigenous communities, fostering sustainable business growth, and empowering individuals. However, women in the Higaonon community had limited access to modern technologies and business management training. To address this gap, a project was implemented by the Non-Timber Forest Products-Exchange Programme (NTFP-EP), in collaboration with the Food Technology Department of Bukidnon State University. After several years of implementation, the project's impact on the community remained uncertain. To evaluate this impact, a convergent mixed-methods research study was conducted to assess the project's impact on the socioeconomic well-being of Higaonon women and the effectiveness of the trainings in enhancing their financial management and technology operation and maintenance skills. The study was grounded in the theory of change framework. Participants were members of a Higaonon women-led social enterprise. Descriptive analysis revealed that the trainings were highly effective in addressing the women's capacity-building needs. Thematic analysis yielded four relevant themes: empowerment and improved livelihoods, capacity building and skill development, challenges and opportunities, and community development and sustainability. A joint display analysis further confirmed that the trainings' effectiveness aligned with the capacity building and skill development theme. These enhanced skills empowered women, improved their livelihoods, and opened new opportunities to overcome challenges. The improved financial literacy, technical skills, and business management capabilities have the potential to contribute to the long-term sustainability and prosperity of the community. Future research could explore the scalability of this social impact to inform policy and practice in community-based enterprise development.
Evaluation of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Prescription Program in Rural America
Authors: Merritt Sean
Published: January 2025

Food as prescription programs have become a common method to help reduce the burden of chronic disease. While recent studies find these programs reduce HbA1c, few of these studies include a comparison group. I evaluated the impact of a Fruit and Vegetable prescription program on HbA1c by taking advantage of a natural experiment to create a robust control group. I did not find any effect of prescription fruit and vegetables on HbA1c. These results replicate previous studies and suggest a need to rethink the focus of diabetes interventions for those with food insecurity.
Analysis of gender and scientific output of researchers in the Spanish University
Authors: Ras-Carmona Alvaro , Lafuente Esther M. , Reche Pedro A
Published: January 2025

xPromoting gender equality and excellence are key policies in academia. In this work, we studied scientific output and potential gender disparities in faculty positions at the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), the largest academic institution in Spain. We found that women are clearly underrepresented in full professor positions despite being a majority in lower academic ranks. This gender disparity in full professor positions is however narrowing down in recent years. The scientific output of researches, as judged by the h-index, varied greatly between Faculties, but overall, correlated positively with the academic rank and no significant differences were detected between women and men, although exceptions were noted. Judging by the m-index, the scientific output of women and men in full professor positions were also alike. In sum, there is effective equality between genders within UCM faculty ranks.
ATENCIÓN FARMACÉUTICA EN EL ECUADOR: UN ANÁLISIS SISTEMÁTICO DE PRÁCTICAS, DESAFÍOS Y PERSPECTIVAS A FUTURO
Authors: Tubon Usca Irvin Ricardo , Vaca-Altamirano Gabriela Liseth , Padilla Mayra , Mora-De Mora Marilyn Geovanna
Published: January 2025

Los servicios ofrecidos por las farmacias a nivel global han experimentado una transformación significativa, evolucionando desde una orientación predominantemente centrada en el producto hacia un enfoque más centrado en el paciente. No obstante, en el contexto de Ecuador, esta transición hacia una atención farmacéutica más centrada en el paciente presenta aún numerosas deficiencias. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un análisis sistemático siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, que incluyeron la filtración de artículos mediante palabras clave y criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: Se identificaron 21 artículos en bases de datos regionales e internacionales, los cuales abordaron la aplicación de la atención farmacéutica en Ecuador. Además, se observó marcada preferencia por estudios retrospectivos, sin evidencia de seguimiento para verificar la eficacia de las intervenciones realizadas. Conclusión: Se constata que la atención farmacéutica en Ecuador está distante de constituir una práctica consolidada, especialmente a nivel hospitalario y aún más en el ámbito comunitario
उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली उपन्यासमा आद्यस्वरूप
Authors: घर्ती Gharti दुर्गाबहादुर  Durga Bahadur
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली उपन्यासमा प्रयुक्त आद्यस्वरूपको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ । नेपाली उपन्यासमा परम्परागत प्रवृत्तिको परित्याग र नवीन प्रवृत्ति देखिन थालेपछि उत्तरवर्ती चरणको आरम्भ भएको मानिन्छ । प्रयोगवादी उपन्यासले परम्परागत लेखनबाट परिवर्तनको सङ्केत मिले पनि अर्थको केन्द्रीयता तिनले पनि त्याग्न सकेनन् । नेपाली उपन्यासमा वि.सं. २०३६ देखि बहुलवाद, अर्थको अनिर्धायता, केन्द्रभञ्जन, विधामिश्रण, विडम्बना, सापेक्षतावाद, विनिर्माण, आत्मसन्दर्भात्मकताजस्ता प्रवृत्ति देखापर्न थाल्दछन् । त्यो उत्तरार्ध चरणको आरम्भ हो । उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली उपन्यासमा मनोविश्लेषणको प्रयोग निकै फस्टाएको देखिन्छ । सिग्मन्ड फ्रायड, अल्फ्रेड एडलर र कार्ल गुस्ताभ युङ्गले मनोविश्लेषणात्मक सिद्धान्तको स्थापनामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान रहेको छ । कार्ल गुस्ताभ युङ्गले विभिन्न पुराण, धर्मशास्त्र, संस्कृति आदिको अध्ययनबाट आद्यस्वरूप सिद्धान्तको प्रतिपादन गरेका छन् । त्यो उनको मौलिक योगदान हो । आद्यस्वरूपको अर्थ मूल ढाँचा वा मूल आकार भन्ने हुन्छ । साहित्यमा यसको प्रयोग आदिम बिम्ब, चरित्र वा परिस्थितिहरूको ढाँचा भन्ने अर्थमा गरिन्छ । युङ्गले आदिम अवशेषलाई आद्यस्वरूप वा आद्यबिम्ब भनेका छन् । आद्यस्वरूप मिथकीय बिम्ब वा अभिप्रायसँग सम्बन्धित हुन्छ । आद्यस्वरूप सामूहिक अचेतनसँग सम्बन्धित हुन्छ । युङ्गले 'एनिमा' (नारीपन), 'एनिमस' (पुरुषपन), 'स्याडो' (छाया), 'पर्सोना' (नकाब) र 'सेल्फ' (स्व)  लगायत विभिन्न प्रकारका आद्यस्वरूपको उल्लेख गरेका छन् । उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली उपन्यासमा मिथकीय विषयवस्तु, सपना, पुरुषत्व र नारीत्व, नायकत्वको खोजी, मातृभूमिको आमा बिम्ब, जलवायु परिवर्तनको दुष्प्रभावलाई मानवजातिको मृत्युको  छायाका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको पाइन्छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनका लागि सामग्री सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयकार्यद्वारा गरिएको छ । विश्लेष्य उपन्यास प्राथमिक सामग्री हुन् भने आद्यस्वरूपको सिद्धान्त र पूर्वकार्यसँग सम्बन्धित सामग्री द्वितीयक सामग्री हुन् । सङ्कलित सामग्रीको विश्लेषण गुणात्मक पद्धतिमा रहेर पाठात्मक विधिमा गरिएको छ । विविध आद्यस्वरूपको प्रयोग उत्तरवर्ती उपन्यासको विशेषता हो र त्यो उत्तरवर्ती नेपाली उपन्यासको प्राप्ति हो भन्ने यस अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष रहेको छ ।
‘स्त्रीको खेल’ लोककथामा वस्तुविधान
Authors: श्रेष्ठ Shrestha अर्जुनकुमार Arjun Kumar
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत ‘स्त्रीको खेल’ लोककथा दिक्तेल–रूपाकोट–मझुवागढी क्षेत्रमा प्रचलित मझौला आयामको लोककथा हो । प्रस्तुत कथामा स्त्रीले आफ्नो श्रीमान्‌लाई मार्न दुःख दिएको कुरा देखाइएको छ । राक्षससँग मिलेर राजकुमारकी श्रीमतीले राजकुमारलाई धेरै दुख दिने गरेको र अन्त्यमा खाल्टो खनेर पासो थापी राजकुमारलाई मारेको घटनापछि कथा समापन तिर लाग्छ । लोककथाले समाजको सामाजिक आवरणलाई चित्रण गरेको हुन्छ । यस अध्ययनमा  लोकसाहित्यभित्र पर्ने लोककथाको कथानक  वा वस्तुविधानलाई  चिनाइएको छ । अध्ययनका लागि छनोट गरिएको ‘स्त्रीको खेल’ कथालाई कथानक, पात्र, परिवेश, उद्देश्य र भाषाशैलीमध्ये कथानक वा वस्तुविधानको आधारमा सैद्धान्तिक र कथागत सामग्रीमा प्रयुक्त उद्धरणलाई लिएर विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा लोकसाहित्यका सिद्धान्त र लोककथाको विधातत्त्वभित्रको कथावस्तुपक्षलाई ध्यानमा राखेर त्यसमा व्यक्त भएको सन्दर्भलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । काल्पनिकतामा आधारित र मनोरञ्जनप्रधान विषयवस्तुलाई बोकेको यस कथाले समयअनुसार काम गर्न जान्नु पर्ने दर्शनलाई बोध गराएको छ । सत्यको विजय हुने भावलाई दर्शाउन सुखान्तक र दुःखान्तक दुवै कथावस्तुका आधारमा यो कथा पूर्वीय दर्शनको पूर्वजन्मको मान्यतामा आधारित छ । पुस्तकालयीय सामग्रीलाई आधार मानेर सम्पन्न गरिएको यस अध्ययनमा गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधिको उपयोग गरिएको छ । वस्तुविधानको मुख्य पक्ष कथानकको स्रोत, कथानकको गठन, कथानकको विकासक्रम, कौतूहल र कथानकको ढाँचाको आधारमा कथाको  विश्लेषण गरी  यस अध्ययनको निष्कर्षलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
शाह कालीन नेपाली मुद्राका विशेषताहरू
Authors: अधिकारी Adhikari सुशीलकुमार Sushil Kumar , ओझा Ojha केदार Kedar
Published: January 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख शाह कालीन नेपाली मुद्राका विशेषताहरूको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित छ । गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधि तथा सङ्कलित सामग्रीमा उपलब्ध विषयवस्तुको विश्लेषणमा आधारित रहेकाले यो विषयवस्तु विश्लेषणकेन्द्री अध्ययन हो । यस लेखका सामग्रीको सङ्कलन पुस्तकालयबाट भएको छ । पुस्तकालयबाट सङ्कलित द्वितीयक स्रोतमा अधारित  यस लेखमा आधुनिक नेपाली राजनीतिक इतिहासमा नेपाली मुद्राका विशेषताका विषयमा विमर्श भएको छ । नेपाली मुद्राको इतिहास दोलखाली राजा इन्द्रसिंहदेवको पालामा आरम्भ भई मल्लकालीन समयमा यसको राष्६रिय र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा पहिचान स्थापित भएको हो । नेपाली मौद्रिक प्रणालीसँग सम्बन्धित ऐतिहिसक दस्तावेजका आधारमा हेर्दा तत्कालीन शासकको सर्वोच्च तहमा रहने राजा, राजपरिवारका अन्य विशिष्ट सदस्य तथा महासामन्तका नाममा टकमरी गर्ने प्रचलनको स्थापना र गतिशीलता पाइन्छ भने शाहकालीन मुद्रा राजाका नामबाट टकमरी भई प्रचलनमा आएका छन् । शाहकालीन नेपाली मुद्रा पूर्ववर्ती शासककै निरन्तरताका रूपमा धातुका मुद्राका साथै कागजी संरचनामा मुद्रित छन् । शाहकालीन नेपाली मुद्रा गोलाकार, राजाको नामाङ्कन,मुद्रा प्रकाशन भएको मिति, देवनागरी लिपिको प्रयोग, धार्मिक तथा इष्ट देवताको नामाङ्कन, राजा, नायबी, युवराज र राजमाता आदिको नाममा मुद्रा निष्कासन, प्रत्येक मुद्राको मूल्य अङ्कन, मुद्रा निष्कासनका लागि यन्त्रको उपयोग, आलङ्कारिक र कलाकारितापूर्ण मुद्रा ढाँचाको उपयोग, नेपाली भाषा विकासको ऐतिहासिक प्रभावजस्ता विशेषताका आधारमा पहिचान र अस्तित्वका साथ प्रचलनमा आएका छन् । यस लेखमा शाहकालीन नेपाली मुद्राका उपर्युक्त विशेषताका सम्बन्धमा विश्लेषण र संश्लेषण भएको छ ।
Fleksja imienna i werbalna XVI w. – stan badań i perspektywy badawcze. Rekonesans
Authors: Kamper-Warejko Joanna , Kulwicka-Kamińska Joanna
Published: January 2025

Artykuł zawiera przegląd literatury przedmiotu w zakresie XVI-wiecznej fleksji imiennej i werbalnej ostatnich dekad. Poruszamy w nim również zagadnienie cezur faz rozwojowych języka, w tym ważnego w dziejach polszczyzny wieku XVI. Zwracamy przy tym uwagę na wernakularyzację i upiśmiennienie języka polskiego. Przyjmujemy perspektywę badawczą zakładającą wydzielanie w opisach syntetyzujących krótszego niż kilka wieków okresu, warunkowanego zmianą. Postulujemy zatem potrzebę opracowania syntezy polszczyzny XVI wieku z wykorzystaniem jako materiału źródłowego Słownika polszczyzny XVI wieku oraz metody przekrojów synchronicznych. Ma to swoje uzasadnienie w aktualnym stanie badań, który pokazujemy na ograniczonym materiale XVI-wiecznej polskiej fleksji oraz w powstałych do tej pory syntezach (np. XVII czy XIX w.) obejmujących periody krótsze niż doba historyczna. Próbę oglądu literatury w zakresie fleksji w różnych okresach rozwoju polszczyzny podjęła w 2003 r. Władysława Książek-Bryłowa, tu zaś wskazano najnowszą literaturę dotyczącą interesującej nas epoki historycznojęzykowej.
Dystrybucja wiedzy o przeszłości języka niemieckiego w dydaktyce akademickiej oraz wśród społeczności lokalnej
Authors: Biszczanik Marek
Published: January 2025

W programach nauczania z zakresu studiów niemcoznawczych przedmioty dotyczące historii języka, jego rozwoju i diachronii są często traktowane marginalnie. Do marginalizacji tej przyczyniają się głównie złożoność i specyficzny charakter tych zajęć, odbiegający wyraźnie od dominującego obecnie modelu studiów, opartego na komunikatywności i pragmatyzmie, co prowadzi do stopniowego zawężania tego typu zajęć. Nie podważając słuszności praktycznego podejścia do kształcenia, nie wolno jednak zapominać, że przedmioty ukierunkowane diachronicznie stanowią fundament pojmowania istoty rozwoju i transformacji języka, odnosząc się przy tym do podstaw wiedzy filologicznej nie tylko o języku dawnym, ale również współczesnym. Autor opracowania stawia sobie za cel podkreślenie znaczenia historii języka oraz teorii przemian językowych dla dydaktyki na studiach germanistycznych, a ogólnie – filologicznych. Jednocześnie autor dostrzega tendencję do nadmiernie teoretycznego podejścia w dydaktyce takich przedmiotów i opowiada się za bardziej konkretnym ich oparciem na autentycznych korpusach historyczno-lingwistycznych. Artykuł zawiera również przykłady wkładu własnego autora w łączenie badań historyczno-lingwistycznych z praktyką akademicką oraz działaniami popularyzacyjnymi.
Leksykalno-stylistyczne wykładniki opisu w prozie reporterskiej XIX w. (na wybranych przykładach)
Authors: Kowalska Danuta , Pietrzak Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Celem analiz jest określenie zasadniczych sposobów konstruowania opisu w prozie reporterskiej XIX w. w perspektywie genologicznej z jednoczesnym uwzględnieniem zmian, jakim wówczas podlegał reportaż podróżniczy w XIX w. Podstawę materiałową podejmowanych analiz stanowią teksty, które wyznaczają cezury w kształtowaniu się dziewiętnastowiecznego reportażu podróżniczego: Wspomnienia Wołynia, Polesia i Litwy, (1840) Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego, Listy z podróży do Ameryki (1876‒1878) i Listy z Afryki (1891‒1892) Henryka Sienkiewicza oraz Listy z Brazylii (1890) Adolfa Dygasińskiego. Przeprowadzone analizy pokazały, że w XIX w. wyraźnie ścierają się dwie tendencje: tendencja artystyczna i faktograficzna. Warstwa stylistyczna opisów warunkowana była potrzebami i każdorazowo określanym celem wypowiedzi, jednak ich ostateczny kształt zależał z jednej strony – od indywidualnych decyzji w zakresie konstrukcji i doboru środków językowych, z drugiej zaś – od artystycznych możliwości pisarzy, ich talentu i wrażliwości.