bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patchwork: Repair labor and the logic of infrastructure adaptation in Mexico City
Authors: De Coss-Corzo Alejandro
Published: July 2020

This article introduces the concept of patchwork to understand how repair practices are carried out in Mexico City’s networked hydraulic infrastructure.Drawing on data gathered through a one-year participatory ethnography, patchwork follows the Mexico City Water System (SACMEX) workers’ descriptions of their own labor and how it relates to infrastructure in a context of structural austerity and rapid socio-material change. To do so, the article separates the analysis of repair practices from the logic of maintenance, challenging widely shared conceptions of how they relate to each other. Two distinct contributions are made possible by this move. On the one hand, it allows for a more detailed conceptualization of the work that repair labor does in relation to infrastructure and to other socio-material processes that are constantly shaping it. On the other, it enables an exploration of what I call the logic of adaptation, a form of infrastructure repair that is based not on returning objects and relations to a previously officially sanctioned order, but instead on fashioning normality as an ongoing process made possible through improvisational and incremental work. Exploring this logic, I argue that the endurance of urban infrastructure and of urban modernity requires the ad-hoc work of patchwork and of adaptive repair labor.
Do the commonly used standard questionnaires measure what is of concern to patients with low back pain?
Authors: Calmon Almeida Verena , da Silva Junior Walderi Monteiro , de Camargo Olaf Kraus , de Santana Filho Valter Joviniano , Oliveira Géssica Uruga , Santana Mylena Salgueiro , de Farias Neto Jader Pereira
Published: July 2020

Objective:

Evaluate whether questionnaires identified all the self-reported patient outcomes raised in focus groups.

Design:

Mixed methods research combined with qualitative analysis of focus groups.

Settings:

Physical therapy clinic in a teaching hospital in Brazil.

Subjects:

A total of 27 patients (aged >18 years, mean age 55.2 years) with chronic non-specific low back pain.

Interventions:

Three focus groups were conducted by the same investigator and analyzed by meaning unit condensation. The results obtained from the focus groups were codified according to the International Classification of Functioning. A similar process was adopted to codify the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale and the Oswestry Disability Index according to the International Classification of Functioning. The results of both coding processes were compared.

Results:

In the analysis, seven main concepts were identified, comprising 77 meaning units. Only three meaning units were not linked to the International Classification of Functioning. Most of the codes present in the questionnaires and focus groups represent limitations to activities. Some codes were identified in the questionnaires that were not mentioned by the focus group participants. No questionnaire assessed environmental factors or problems related to specific parts of the body, and very few assessed body function, all of which were issues raised in the focus groups.

Conclusion:

This study shows that not all fields considered important by patients to their function are being evaluated, and emotional and contextual factors should be included in clinical assessments in order to fully understand patient need.
Emotion Regulation Strategies as Mediators of the Relationship Between Internalizing Psychopathology and Sleep-Wake Problems During the Transition to Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Tomaso Cara C. , Johnson Anna B. , James Tiffany D. , Nelson Jennifer Mize , Mason W. Alex , Espy Kimberly Andrews , Nelson Timothy D.
Published: July 2020

Internalizing psychopathology, including depression and anxiety, has been associated with sleep-wake problems among youth. Although transdiagnostic theories of psychopathology posit that emotion dysregulation explains many of the symptoms associated with internalizing psychopathology, examination of regulatory mechanisms underlying this association is limited, particularly during the transition to early adolescence when risk for affective dysregulation and sleep-wake problems is heightened. Using a longitudinal design with a youth community sample ( N = 278), the current study found a positive, indirect effect of internalizing psychopathology ([Formula: see text]age = 9.84) on later sleep-wake problems ([Formula: see text]age = 14.53) via higher levels of a more maladaptive emotion regulation strategy (i.e., expressive suppression), with no evidence of an indirect effect of a more adaptive strategy (i.e., cognitive reappraisal; [Formula: see text]age = 12.02). Findings have important clinical implications for targeting the reduction of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, such as expressive suppression, in order to address sleep problems among youth with internalizing psychopathology.
The Transformative Potential of Resilience Thinking: How It Could Transform Unsustainable Economic Rationalities
Authors: Olsson David
Published: July 2020

There is an ongoing debate in the research literature on whether the neoliberal economic rationalities permeating public administration, policy, and governance across much of the world provide the means necessary for promoting sustainable development. Parallel to this debate, it has been suggested that resilience thinking, a notion with growing policy importance, could either reproduce the neoliberal mainstream or challenge it at its core, depending on the modes of resilience thinking emerging from practice. Taking the position that new economic rationalities are needed, this study examines how transformative modes of resilience thinking that emerge from practice create tensions that can support a transformation toward the economic rationalities of the so-called doughnut economics, an alternative economic model that outlines a vision and a path toward ecological and social sustainability.
A Combined Analysis of Genetically Correlated Traits Identifies Genes and Brain Regions for Insomnia
Authors: Liu Kezhi , Zhu Ling , Yu Minglan , Liang Xuemei , Zhang Jin , Tan Youguo , Huang Chaohua , He Wenying , Lei Wei , Chen Jing , Gu Xiaochu , Xiang Bo
Published: July 2020

Aims:

Previous studies have inferred that there is a strong genetic component in insomnia. However, the etiology of insomnia is still unclear. This study systematically analyzed multiple genome-wide association study (GWAS) data sets with core human pathways and functional networks to detect potential gene pathways and networks associated with insomnia.

Methods:

We used a novel method, multitrait analysis of genome-wide association studies (MTAG), to combine 3 large GWASs of insomnia symptoms/complaints and sleep duration. The i-Gsea4GwasV2 and Reactome FI programs were used to analyze data from the result of MTAG analysis and the nominally significant pathways, respectively.

Results:

Through analyzing data sets using the MTAG program, our sample size increased from 113,006 subjects to 163,188 subjects. A total of 17 of 1,816 Reactome pathways were identified and showed to be associated with insomnia. We further revealed 11 interconnected functional and topologically interacting clusters (Clusters 0 to 10) that were associated with insomnia. Based on the brain transcriptome data, it was found that the genes in Cluster 4 were enriched for the transcriptional coexpression profile in the prenatal dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ( P = 7 × 10−5), inferolateral temporal cortex ( P = 0.02), medial prefrontal cortex ( P < 1 × 10−5), and amygdala ( P < 1 × 10−5), and detected RPA2, ORC6, PIAS3, and PRIM2 as core nodes in these 4 brain regions.

Conclusions:

The findings provided new genes, pathways, and brain regions to understand the pathology of insomnia.
Safety of Wireless Ultrasound-Guided Gluteal Fat Grafting
Authors: Wong Alan , Selsky Alexander D. J. , Zuriarrain Alexander
Published: July 2020

Gluteal fat grafting (or autologous fat transfer to the buttocks) is one of the fastest growing procedures in plastic surgery. However, as the popularity of the procedure has grown, so has the number of fatalities and complications. Fatalities are mainly linked to fat embolism, which can occur when fat is injected into the gluteal muscles, instead of subcutaneously. The use of wireless ultrasound imaging during the procedure can help reduce the chances of intramuscular fat injection and improve patient safety. Here, we present a 36-year-old female underwent circumferential liposuction with autologous fat transfer to the bilateral buttocks. From liposuction, 3500 mL of fat was harvested and 1000 mL of fat was injected into each buttock with wireless ultrasound guidance. We identified the subcutaneous plane where fat was to be injected, avoided penetrating the muscular fascia, and observed (in real-time) fat being introduced into the subcutaneous tissue. Wireless ultrasound-guided gluteal fat grafting is an effective and reliable method of visualizing the anatomy of the gluteal region and preventing intramuscular injection of fat. The technology is readily available, very user-friendly and serves as a great learning tool. Based on our positive experience using ultrasound guidance, larger comparative studies should be conducted to confirm its value.
Experiences of Divorced Women Subject to Domestic Violence in Turkey
Authors: Kelebek-Küçükarslan Görkem , Cankurtaran Özlem
Published: July 2020

This study examines the experiences of divorced women who were subjected to domestic violence from their former spouses. The purpose of this study includes investigating violence in marital life and post-divorce, coping strategies for survival and external factors that empower/disempower women based on their life experiences. The study uses qualitative research methods. The data are retrieved from qualitative interviews with 13 women who were exposed to domestic violence while they were married and after their divorce. The participants were divorced through either informal or formal divorce procedures. Five themes emerged from the study: how to seek help, the endless circle of violence, divorce and family oppression, coping strategies, and awareness raising. The study shows that, during the divorce process, the participant women became more empowered and adopted better coping strategies than in the pre-divorce period. The study provides an understanding of domestic violence in the post-divorce phase. This research reveals the continuation of partner violence even after divorce.
Influence of Body Weight Category on Outcomes in Candidemia Patients Treated With Anidulafungin
Authors: Hutton Mary , Kenney Rachel M. , Vazquez Jose A. , Davis Susan L.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Case reports and pharmacokinetic data suggest off-label echinocandin dosing may be needed to reach adequate serum concentrations in obese patients. Few outcome studies exist evaluating this population.

Objectives:

Of this study were to (1) determine the association of body mass index (BMI) with clinical outcomes of candidemia patients on standard doses of anidulafungin and (2) characterize fungal infections by body weight.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort was conducted to evaluate hospitalized patients treated for candidemia with anidulafungin at Food and Drug Administration–labeled dosing for at least 72 hours from January 1, 2014, through January 31, 2018. Candidemia was diagnosed by blood culture or T2 magnetic resonance (T2MR). Patients were compared according to BMI category.

Results:

One hundred seventy-three patients were included. Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were identified in 58 (33%) and 57 (33%) patients, respectively. Mortality was comparable according to BMI category: 4 (36.4%) underweight, 8 (25.8%) normal weight, 16 (32.0%) overweight, 20 (33.9%) obese, and 7 (31.8%) morbidly obese, P = .976. Variables associated with mortality included: severe sepsis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7-14.8) and liver disease (adjusted OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.1-9.4). Variables that were protective of mortality included: line removal (adjusted OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.02-0.2) and receipt of anidulafungin for at least 5 days (adjusted OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15-0.8).

Conclusion:

There was no difference detected in mortality among patients with candidemia across BMI category. Larger studies are needed to confirm whether standard doses of anidulafungin are sufficient for candidemia in obese patients.
Three-dimensional model of an external gear pump with an experimental evaluation of the flow ripple
Authors: Corvaglia Alessandro , Ferrari Alessandro , Rundo Massimo , Vento Oscar
Published: July 2020

A three-dimensional model of an external gear pump and a new application of an algorithm for the measurement of the unsteady flow rate in hydraulic pipes are presented. The experimental delivery flow ripple was compared with the outcomes of a simulation under different operating conditions. A comprehensive computational fluid dynamics model of the pump and of the high-pressure delivery circuit was developed in SimericsMP+®. The pump model considers the clearances, which vary according to the shaft angle, between the tip of the tooth and the inner surface of the stator, as well as between the flanks of the teeth that are in contact. The pump delivery circuit is constituted by a straight pipe with a fixed orifice at the end to generate the load. The model of the entire system was preliminarily validated in terms of delivery pressure ripple. Subsequently, the simulated flow ripple was contrasted with the instantaneous flow rate, measured by means of an innovative flow meter. It was found that the proposed flow meter is reliable in assessing the flow oscillations under the various working conditions.
Crashworthiness optimization of hierarchical hexagonal honeycombs under out-of-plane impact
Authors: Altin M , Acar E , Güler MA
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a numerical study of regular and hierarchical honeycomb structures subjected to out-of-plane impact loading. The specific energy absorption capacity of honeycomb structures via nonlinear explicit finite element analysis is investigated. The constructed finite element models are validated using experimental data available in the literature. The honeycomb structures are optimized by using a surrogate-based optimization approach to achieve maximum specific energy absorption capacity. Three surrogate models polynomial response surface approximations, radial basis functions, and Kriging models are used; Kriging models are found to be the most accurate. The optimum specific energy absorption value obtained for hierarchical honeycomb structures is found to be 148% greater than that of regular honeycomb structures.
Conception of developing the dynamically similar downscaled medium-range passenger airplane model for in-flight testing
Authors: Olejnik Aleksander , Kachel Stanisław , Rogólski Robert , Milczarczyk Jarosław
Published: July 2020

The article describes the proposition for developing the similar dynamically downscaled model of a medium range passenger aircraft and its application for researches in area of aerodynamics and flight dynamics. Computer simulations of aerodynamic flows are commonly used in advanced aircraft designing. Numerous data on the characteristics of an airplane can be obtained from tunnel tests of geometrically scaled models. To get complete characteristics from both stable and unstable flight conditions, dynamically scaled models are constructed and applied in static or dynamic tests. The dynamically similar scaled model is, in fact, a reduced model of the real airplane which has specific qualities similar to qualities of a real aircraft and these relations are strictly defined with specific similarity numbers (factors). The article presents methodology for determining scale factors in relation to geometric, aerodynamic, and structural properties (mass, stiffness) of the aircraft. The methodology will be presented on the example of Tu-154 aircraft that crashed in April 2010 with the President of the Republic of Poland and many military and government officials on board. Dynamically similar downscaled model was designed in Faculty of Mechatronics and Aerospace of the Military University of Technology (FMA MUT, Warsaw, Poland) and is still being developed in the framework of ongoing research project. This paper presents only general assumptions taken for the process and the current stage of successively developed model.
A robust score test of homogeneity for zero-inflated count data
Authors: Hsu Wei-Wen , Todem David , Mawella Nadeesha R , Kim KyungMann , Rosenkranz Richard R
Published: July 2020

In many applications of zero-inflated models, score tests are often used to evaluate whether the population heterogeneity as implied by these models is consistent with the data. The most frequently cited justification for using score tests is that they only require estimation under the null hypothesis. Because this estimation involves specifying a plausible model consistent with the null hypothesis, the testing procedure could lead to unreliable inferences under model misspecification. In this paper, we propose a score test of homogeneity for zero-inflated models that is robust against certain model misspecifications. Due to the true model being unknown in practical settings, our proposal is developed under a general framework of mixture models for which a layer of randomness is imposed on the model to account for uncertainty in the model specification. We exemplify this approach on the class of zero-inflated Poisson models, where a random term is imposed on the Poisson mean to adjust for relevant covariates missing from the mean model or a misspecified functional form. For this example, we show through simulations that the resulting score test of zero inflation maintains its empirical size at all levels, albeit a loss of power for the well-specified non-random mean model under the null. Frequencies of health promotion activities among young Girl Scouts and dental caries indices among inner-city children are used to illustrate the robustness of the proposed testing procedure.
Using gradient boosting with stability selection on health insurance claims data to identify disease trajectories in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ploner Tina , Heß Steffen , Grum Marcus , Drewe-Boss Philipp , Walker Jochen
Published: July 2020

Objective

We propose a data-driven method to detect temporal patterns of disease progression in high-dimensional claims data based on gradient boosting with stability selection.

Materials and methods

We identified patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a German health insurance claims database with 6.5 million individuals and divided them into a group of patients with the highest disease severity and a group of control patients with lower severity. We then used gradient boosting with stability selection to determine variables correlating with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis of highest severity and subsequently model the temporal progression of the disease using the selected variables.

Results

We identified a network of 20 diagnoses (e.g. respiratory failure), medications (e.g. anticholinergic drugs) and procedures associated with a subsequent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis of highest severity. Furthermore, the network successfully captured temporal patterns, such as disease progressions from lower to higher severity grades.

Discussion

The temporal trajectories identified by our data-driven approach are compatible with existing knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showing that the method can reliably select relevant variables in a high-dimensional context.

Conclusion

We provide a generalizable approach for the automatic detection of disease trajectories in claims data. This could help to diagnose diseases early, identify unknown risk factors and optimize treatment plans.
Surplus Free Cash Flow, Stock Market Segmentations and Earnings Management: The Moderating Role of Independent Audit Committee
Authors: Toumeh Ahmad A. , Yahya Sofri , Amran Azlan
Published: July 2020

Management engages in earnings manipulation for different reasons. This article argues that low-growth firms with high free cash flow will opt for income-increasing earnings management in order to obscure the low profits derived from their investments in negative net present value (NPV) projects. On the other hand, we argue that the listed companies might be interested in being listed in the first market due to its privileges and to preserve the competitiveness, through managing their earnings upwardly, so that they can satisfy the condition of achieving a particular earnings limit. This article should advance the body of earnings management literature in the Jordanian context by examining the effect of the moderating role of an independent audit committee (IAC) in the association between surplus free cash flow (SFCF) and income-increasing discretionary accruals (DAC). Further, this is the initial empirical attempt to investigate the moderation effect of IAC between stock market segmentations (SMS) and positive DAC. The results of this current study offer original and beneficial information for the Jordanian government and other countries with a similar institutional environment because the study promotes the application of applying IAC as an efficient tool to constrain management behaviour towards manipulation of the accruals. On top of that, this research offers information concerning the prevailing situation of earnings management practices and corporate governance in Jordan, in which shareholders, local and international investors, policymakers, regulators and academic researchers are interested. Finally, panel data analyses and various statistical techniques are employed to derive conclusions.
Cutaneous Chemical Burns Associated With Chlorhexidine-Alcohol Solution in an Extremely Preterm Infant
Authors: Zhen Lee Shi , Poh Khoo Ngeh
Published: July 2020

Safe cutaneous antisepsis in neonatal intensive care unit is imperative. Chlorhexidine-based solution is commonly used for skin preparation prior to the placement of intravascular devices. However, in premature infants, its usage has not been standardized. We present a case of chemical burns secondary to the use of chlorhexidine-alcohol skin preparation solution in an extremely low birth weight infant.
Populism and trade union internationalism: the case of Italy
Authors: Leonardi Salvo , Carrieri Mimmo
Published: July 2020

Voting analyses have documented how, behind worldwide successes of populist parties, lies growing support from manual workers, even those who are unionised. This reflects changes in political supply and demand, with manual workers frustrated by high costs they have paid in past years and disenchanted by the political vacuum left by traditionally pro-labour parties that had long given voice to their needs. What role do unions play? Can they still influence the voting of their declining but still more or less substantial membership? What are their narratives and organisational strategies on epochal challenges like immigration and EU integration? How can their sense of solidarity, universalism and labour internationalism cope with the growing fears, chauvinism and nationalism of a significant proportion of the working class? This article examines these questions from the perspective of Italy, using empirical data and qualitative insights on the partial success of union action. We conclude that there remains substantial potential for unions, through appropriate political choices, discursive strategies and socialisation with their members, to stem xenophobic and nationalistic inclinations in the world of work.
User-Centered App Design for Acutely Ill Children and Adolescents
Authors: Vaughn Jacqueline , Shah Nirmish , Jonassaint Jude , Harris Nichol , Docherty Sharron , Shaw Ryan
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives: The high level of acceptance and consistent use of smartphones by children and adolescents present new opportunities to monitor and collect health data. For acutely ill children and adolescents, collecting symptom data via smartphone applications (apps) provides patient-reported data that can be collected daily and offers the potential to provide a more comprehensive picture of the symptom experience. The purpose of this study was to employ user-centered design principles and medical professional input in order to obtain feedback and insight into redesigning our Technology Recordings for better Understanding Blood and Marrow Transplant (TRU-PBMT) app. This redesigned app will be used for children and adolescents with cancer or undergoing blood and marrow transplantation. Method: We interviewed six pediatric blood and marrow transplant patients (ages 10-17 years) who had pilot tested the app, and we surveyed 30 pediatric oncology clinicians. Results: Interview feedback from previous app users and survey feedback from clinicians guided the app redesign. We incorporated suggestions to make the app more engaging, meaningful, personal, and motivating in order to increase symptom reporting. We added emojis to the symptom tracker, a mood scale, and personalized symptom graphs. Conclusion: Leveraging mobile health technologies may be a useful and acceptable approach to obtain symptom data; however, design and software development needs to be evidenced-based and informed by user needs. Our approach using patient and clinician feedback was valuable in the redesign of the TRU-PBMT app and will contribute to symptom research for acutely ill children and adolescents.
Building a Research Team in Adolescent/Young Adult Oncology Nursing
Authors: Stegenga Kristin , Linder Lauri , Erickson Jeanne M. , Ameringer Suzanne , Macpherson Catherine Fiona
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Participation on a collaborative team is an attractive option for conducting research, especially in pediatric hematology/oncology nursing, where the patient population is small. The Consortium to Study Symptoms in Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer (CS2AYAC) is a nursing research team that has been in existence for over a decade. Purpose: The authors share the process by which CS2AYAC formed and describe key features that contribute to its sustainability. Results: While the team developed organically rather than via the tenets of team science, key aspects of success include principles related to mentorship, communication, building trust, establishing shared goals, and managing conflict. Conclusions: This description of one team’s experience may help other nurses build their own teams for research. Strong, collaborative research teams will advance pediatric hematology/oncology nursing science and scholarship and can be an important source of collegiality and support.
The Plight to Choose: Cultivating Practical Deliberation in Management Learning and Education
Authors: Gersel Johan , Thaning Morten Sørensen
Published: July 2020

Departing from discussions at Research in Management Learning & Education (RMLE) Unconferences, we identify the problem of practical deliberation: When faced with multiple, relevant theories that all demand to be given weight in a process of deliberation, how do management students, while drawing on these theories, justify their choice? Based on contemporary practical philosophy, we claim that students must aim for rational necessitation when practically deliberating about such decisions. Using the example of our teaching on a Master of Public Governance program at a major European business school, we delineate how we have employed a philosophical pedagogy to teach MBA students to practically deliberate in order to reach rational necessitation. With our theoretical and practical research, we aim to show how contemporary practical philosophy offers a distinct, original contribution to management learning and education in contrast with the traditional philosophies of education We end the article by suggesting and motivating five avenues of further research into the problem of practical deliberation in management learning and education.
An Intraoperative Rescue Procedure for the Protruding Premaxilla in the Repair of Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip: Rapid Premaxillary Molding
Authors: Chung Kyung Hoon , Sato Nobuhiro , Chou Pang-Yun , Lo Lun-Jou
Published: July 2020

Background:

Primary reconstruction of complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) with protruding premaxilla in one-stage surgery is challenging because of the tension on muscle repair. Such patients are also common in the developing countries. For this condition, we have applied intraoperative “rapid premaxillary molding (RPM)” technique and obtained satisfactory results.

Methods:

We reviewed the data of patients with complete BCLP with protruding premaxilla applying intraoperative RPM including both our institution and cleft missions to developing countries in the past 20 years. Selection criteria were patients receiving either no or insufficient preoperative molding presenting with significant protruding premaxilla, had consecutive follow-ups after surgery. To perform this technique, the surgeon holds the patient’s face with both hands and compresses the protruding premaxilla with both thumbs. An intermittent but stable backward pressure is applied to the premaxilla until the segment is gradually flexible. Repeated compression is performed prior to tying the muscle sutures, at which time the premaxilla is retro-positioned and aligned with the lateral maxillary segments. Pre- and postoperative data were evaluated.

Results:

We have treated a total of 60 patients with complete BCLP with protruding premaxilla applying intraoperative RPM. All patients tolerated the operations and there were no major intra- and postoperative complications including lip dehiscence and vomer fracture. All of them had satisfactory results such as adequate muscle repair and symmetry of the lip and nostrils.

Conclusion:

The RPM is a reliable and valuable intraoperative adjunct procedure for patients with complete BCLP presenting the protrusive premaxilla.
Primary Renal Sarcoma With BCOR-CCNB3 Gene Fusion in an 18-Year-Old Male: A Rare Lesion With a Diagnostic Quandary
Authors: Setoodeh Sasan , Palsgrove Doreen N. , Park Jason Y. , Pedrosa Ivan , Kapur Payal , Jia Liwei
Published: July 2020

Primary renal sarcoma with BCOR-CCNB3 gene fusion is a rare tumor with only 7 cases reported in the English literature. The morphologic features of this tumor strikingly overlap with clear cell sarcoma of the kidney and synovial sarcoma. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging. In this article, we report a case of an 18-year-old male who presented with hematuria. Subsequent imaging study showed a left renal mass with level II (infra-hepatic) inferior vena cava thrombus, which was resected. Detailed pathologic findings and immunohistochemical and molecular studies revealed an ovoid to spindle cell renal mass with a BCOR-CCNB3 gene fusion.
Evidence-Based Practical Guidance for the Antithrombotic Management in Patients With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in 2020
Authors: Ramacciotti Eduardo , Macedo Ariane Scarlatelli , Biagioni Rodrigo Bruno , Caffaro Roberto Augusto , Lopes Renato Delascio , Guerra João Carlos , Orsi Fernanda Andrade , Marques Marcos Areas , Tafur Alfonso J. , Caprini Joseph A. , Nicolaides Andrew , Carter Charles A. , Filho Cyrillo Carvalheiro , Fareed Jawed
Published: July 2020

This practical guidance, endorsed by the Brazilian Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and The Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, the International Union of Angiology and the European Venous Forum, aims to provide physicians with clear guidance, based on current best evidence-based data, on clinical strategies to manage antithrombotic strategies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
Wave propagation analysis of a rectangular sandwich composite plate with tunable magneto-rheological fluid core
Authors: Ebrahimi Farzad , Sedighi Sepehr B
Published: July 2020

This study presents an investigation of the wave propagation of a rectangular sandwich composite plate with tunable magneto-rheological fluid core. The constituent parts of this rectangular sandwich composite plate are the base layer, magneto-rheological fluid core, and limiter layer. Magneto-rheological fluid core is embedded within the base and limiter layers. Also, the upper and lower layers are made of elastic materials. For obtaining the governing equations of motion, Hamilton’s principle and classical plate theory are used. After that, applying an analytical solution, the wave frequency and phase velocity of the propagated waves can be gained by solving eigenvalue problem. By investigating the effect of the magnetic field, the results emphasize that the magnetic field intensity is the most important factor for changing the value of the wave frequency and phase velocity. Besides, results show by enhancing the core-to-top layer thickness ratio, the wave frequencies reduce because magneto-rheological fluid core is softer in comparison to elastic layers. Therefore, magneto-rheological fluid layer operates similar to a damper. At the end, the influence of the thickness of magneto-rheological fluid core on the phase velocity is also discussed.
Utilization and Cost Effects of the VHA Caring for Older Adults and Caregivers at Home (COACH) Program
Authors: Song Wei , Intrator Orna , Twersky Jack , Davagnino Judith , Kinosian Bruce , Wieland Darryl
Published: July 2020

Since 2010, the Veterans Health Administration has initiated a home-based Caring for Older Adults and Caregivers at Home (COACH) program to provide clinical support to dementia patients and family caregivers. But its impact on health care utilization and costs is unknown. We compared 354 COACH care recipients with a propensity score weighted comparison group of 9,857 community-dwelling Veterans during fiscal years 2010-2015. In 1-year follow-up, COACH program was associated with a lower rate of long-term nursing home placement (average treatment effect on the treated [ATT] –3%; p = .01). The program increased utilization of emergency services (ATT 6%; p = .01), hospitals (ATT 10%; p < .001), and personal care services (ATT 31%; p < .001). Health care costs were also significantly increased. Improved access to services may have enabled COACH Veterans to stay at home longer. As one of Veterans Health Administration’s top priorities to expand caregiver assistance programs, COACH seems to be a promising model for a nationwide implementation.
Prevalence and Epidemiological Characteristics of ADHD in Pre-School and School Age Children in the Province of Tarragona, Spain
Authors: Canals Sans Josefa , Morales Hidalgo Paula , Roigé Castellví Joana , Voltas Moreso Núria , Hernández Martínez Carmen
Published: July 2020

Objective: To report the ADHD estimated prevalence in Spain, considering differences in sex, age, presentation, and severity. Method: This study has a two-phase design and forms part of the Neurodevelopmental Disorders Epidemiological Research Project (EPINED). The ADHD screening was conducted through parent ( N = 3,727) and teacher ( N = 6,894). To perform ADHD diagnosis (DSM-5), screen positive and a subsample of the screen negative children and their parents were assessed using neuropsychological tests and a semi-structured psychiatric interview. Results: The ADHD overall estimate prevalence was 5.5% (7.7% in school-age children; 3.0% in pre-schoolers) and 3.5% for subclinical conditions. The combined presentation and mild severity were the most common, while 18.2% were highly impaired. Previous diagnoses were found in 12% of pre-schoolers and 41% school-aged. Conclusion: The prevalence found in Spain is higher than other European reports. The low ratio of prior-diagnoses indicates a need to provide resources for assessment in school and clinical settings.
Superior Cavopulmonary Connection: Its Physiology, Limitations, and Anesthetic Implications
Authors: Choi Ray S. , DiNardo James A. , Brown Morgan L.
Published: July 2020

The superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) or “bidirectional Glenn” is an integral, intermediate stage in palliation of single ventricle patients to the Fontan procedure. The procedure, normally performed at 3 to 6 months of life, increases effective pulmonary blood flow and reduces the ventricular volume load in patients with single ventricle (parallel circulation) physiology. While the SCPC, with or without additional sources of pulmonary blood flow, cannot be considered a long-term palliation strategy, there are a subset of patients who require SCPC palliation for a longer interval than the typical patient. In this article, we will review the physiology of SCPC, the consequences of prolonged SCPC palliation, and modes of failure. We will also discuss strategies to augment pulmonary blood flow in the presence of an SCPC. The anesthetic considerations in SCPC patients will also be discussed, as these patients may present for noncardiac surgery from infancy to adulthood.
MAGMA templates for scalable linear algebra on emerging architectures
Authors: Al Farhan Mohammed , Abdelfattah Ahmad , Tomov Stanimire , Gates Mark , Sukkari Dalal , Haidar Azzam , Rosenberg Robert , Dongarra Jack
Published: July 2020

With the acquisition and widespread use of more resources that rely on accelerator/wide vector–based computing, there has been a strong demand for science and engineering applications to take advantage of these latest assets. This, however, has been extremely challenging due to the diversity of systems to support their extreme concurrency, complex memory hierarchies, costly data movement, and heterogeneous node architectures. To address these challenges, we design a programming model and describe its ease of use in the development of a new MAGMA Templates library that delivers high-performance scalable linear algebra portable on current and emerging architectures. MAGMA Templates derives its performance and portability by (1) building on existing state-of-the-art linear algebra libraries, like MAGMA, SLATE, Trilinos, and vendor-optimized math libraries, and (2) providing access (seamlessly to the users) to the latest algorithms and architecture-specific optimizations through a single, easy-to-use C++-based API.
Metabolomics Research Conducted by Nurse Scientists: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Kimble Laura P. , Leslie Sharon , Carlson Nicole
Published: July 2020

Metabolomics, one of the newest omics, allows for investigation of holistic responses of living systems to myriad biological, behavioral, and environmental factors. Researcher use metabolomics to examine the underlying mechanisms of clinically observed phenotypes. However, these methods are complex, potentially impeding their uptake by scientists. In this scoping review, we summarize literature illustrating nurse scientists’ use of metabolomics. Using electronic search methods, we identified metabolomics investigations conducted by nurse scientists and published in English-language journals between 1990 and November 2019. Of the studies included in the review ( N = 30), 9 (30%) listed first and/or senior authors that were nurses. Studies were conducted predominantly in the United States and focused on a wide array of clinical conditions across the life span. The upward trend we note in the use of these methods by nurse scientists over the past 2 decades mirrors a similar trend across scientists of all backgrounds. A broad range of study designs were represented in the literature we reviewed, with the majority involving untargeted metabolomics ( n = 16, 53.3%) used to generate hypotheses ( n = 13, 76.7%) of potential metabolites and/or metabolic pathways as mechanisms of clinical conditions. Metabolomics methods match well with the unique perspective of nurse researchers, who seek to integrate the experiences of individuals to develop a scientific basis for clinical practice that emphasizes personalized approaches. Although small in number, metabolomics investigations by nurse scientists can serve as the foundation for robust programs of research to answer essential questions for nursing.
Tobacco Use Among College Students Across Various Disciplines in Kerala, India
Authors: Menon Priya G , George Sanju , Nair B Sivasankaran , Rani Anjana , Thennarasu K , Jaisoorya TS
Published: July 2020

Background:

Tobacco use is a major public health concern in India. Its use in young people is linked to increased severity, longer duration, and reduced efforts to seek treatment for tobacco use. A significant proportion of young people are enrolled in colleges, and early prevention during this period has better effectiveness. There is preliminary evidence that prevalence may vary across courses even among students of the same sociocultural background. Hence, we compared the prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among college students enrolled in five common streams of collegiate education (medical, nursing, engineering, arts/science and others, law/fisheries) in Kerala, India.

Methods:

5784 college students from 58 colleges (medical, nursing, engineering, arts, and law and fisheries) selected by cluster random sampling in the district of Ernakulum, Kerala, completed a self-administered questionnaire incorporating standardized instruments. R software was used for analyses. Lifetime prevalence and severity of tobacco use were determined. Sociodemographic variables of tobacco users and nonusers enrolled in various courses were compared using chi-square test and two-way ANOVA. Furthermore, for each course, factors influencing tobacco use were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results:

The mean age of the sample was 19.5 ± 1.9 years, with the majority being female (65.3%). Lifetime prevalence of tobacco use varied from 0.5% in nursing students, 4.2% in medical students, 8.2% in students of arts and science, 12.5% in engineering students, and 22.8% among other students (law/fisheries). Approximately two-thirds of all tobacco users across courses showed signs of nicotine dependence. Dependent users also showed variance with none in nursing, 2.6% among medicine, 1.6% among arts and science, 1.9% among engineering, and 6.3% among others. Male gender and alcohol use were consistently associated with tobacco use across courses, whereas other examined psychosocial correlates showed variance.

Conclusions:

To conclude, it appears that among college students, course-level characteristics may influence risk of tobacco use. This has public health importance as it suggests that interventions need to be tailored bearing this in mind. Future research needs to examine campus-level characteristics that may explain variance.
Where do hawks and doves fly when shots are fired?
Authors: Kiratli Osman Sabri
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the diverging electoral impact of instigating high-hostility militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) on the votes shares of hawkish, right-wing and dovish, left-wing incumbents, respectively. More specifically, I propose that deploying troops electorally harms doves and benefits hawks. I test this hypothesis via two studies. Study-1 presents a macro-level analysis of an incumbent’s electoral performance in a dataset covering 389 elections in 27 democratic countries between 1950 and 2010. With the objective of capturing heterogeneity of individual voting behavior at the appropriate level, Study-2 scrutinizes cross-national survey results from Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) covering 19 elections in 6 democracies. Multilevel models across both studies concur that in times of conflict, voters become significantly less supportive of dovish, left-wing incumbents and slightly more so of hawkish, right-wing ones compared to times of peace. The results also suggest that doves lose particularly substantial support from their co-partisans and ideologically left leaners.
The effects of terrorism on tourism demand: A systematic review
Authors: Krajňák Tomáš
Published: July 2020

A vast literature has focused on the effects of terrorism on tourism demand. This article aims to contribute to this strand of literature by systematically reviewing existing studies and subsequently synthesising their findings. Based on a systematic search of the Web of Science and Scopus databases, a total of 45 peer-reviewed English-language articles were included. The review was conducted and reported under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The general conclusion is that, with some exceptions, terrorism negatively affects tourism demand. To decompose the effects of terrorism on tourism demand, several main themes were identified within the studies. However, effects varied widely depending on context, for example, terrorism and tourism demand variables used or locations and time periods studied. Consequently, the review identifies gaps in existing research and provides important suggestions for future studies.
“Whales Tales” On the Run: Anonymizing Ethnographic Data in an Age of Openness
Authors: Rhoads Robert A.
Published: July 2020

This paper juxtaposes the ethnographic work of Alice Goffman, as presented in her book, On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City, with my own work involved in developing the article, “Whales Tales, Dog Piles, and Beer Goggles: An Ethnographic Case Study of Fraternity Life.” In particular, I examine anonymization issues arising from both works. The intent is to advance a deeper discussion of ethnographic anonymization toward responding to critics and strengthening the ethnographic endeavor in the field of educational research.
Development of Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Clinical Service Recommendations for Cancer Palliative Care Using Delphi Approach Based on the Evidence to Decision Framework
Authors: Wong Charlene H. L. , Wu Irene X. Y. , Adams Jon , Steel Amie , Wardle Jon , Wu Justin C. Y. , Leung Ting Hung , Chung Vincent C. H.
Published: July 2020

Objectives: Existing evidence supports the use of certain Chinese medicine (CM) interventions for symptom management among palliative cancer patients. However, evidence-based service recommendations tailored to the local context are needed for CM planning and implementation. In response, we aimed to establish consensus on CM clinical service recommendations for cancer palliative care among Hong Kong experts. Methods: Seven CM interventions showing statistically significant favorable results in existing systematic reviews (SRs) and overviews of SRs were subjected to a GRADE-ADOLOPMENT–based 2-round Delphi survey. Twelve Hong Kong experts in cancer palliative care, including conventionally trained physicians, CM practitioners, and nurses (n = 4 from each category), were invited to participate. Use of the Evidence to Decision framework within the GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach enabled experts to consider aspects of problem priority, benefits, harms, equity, acceptability, and feasibility when making CM recommendations in cancer palliative care. Results: Three evidence-based CM interventions reached positive consensus as service recommendations, namely: (1) acupuncture for reducing fatigue among palliative cancer patients; (2) acupressure for reducing fatigue among palliative cancer patients; and (3) moxibustion for reducing nausea and vomiting among patients receiving chemotherapy. Median rating of recommendation ranged from 2.5 to 3.0 (interquartile range = 0.00-1.00) on a 4-point Likert-type scale, and the percentage agreement ranged from 83.4% to 91.7%. Conclusions: The GRADE-ADOLOPMENT approach facilitates a consensus-based process of reaching 3 evidence-based CM recommendations for cancer palliative care. Future studies may develop tailored strategies to implement these recommendations in the Hong Kong health system.