bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBINAAN KOMPETENSI SUPERVISI KEPALA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Syahril Syahril
Published: January 2019

This article presents that important role of a principal a school to give guidance for teachers. Guidance that the principal must to give for teachers was supervision. As we know, not all the teachers have good performance in a learning process. One of the way to reach it by the guidance that the participal has given. In the fact, supervision that has done by the participal can’t make a change in the learning process. There’s no progress of a teachers both of learning strategy of metods. Some of teachers feeling bad and afraid when supervision was done. The participal do that supervision like inspection. Cause the reason, public official consisting of education administration’s lecturer really want to help the participal of elementary school who locatted in Gunung Talang sub-district. The point in this event is giving training about supervision competence. Methods where used are discussion and problem solving.
Kolaborasi berbagai pihak dalam peningkatan RTH
Authors: Nurfadillah_NFD
Published: January 2019

Kolaborasi berbagai pihak dalam peningkatan jumlah rth
Tugas final
Authors: alimin Halim jauhari
Published: January 2019

Tugas tata kelola lingkungan
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKN SISWA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Reinita
Published: January 2019

This research aims to determine the influence of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) to result study of students in learning PKN in Class V SDN 04 Garegeh Bukittinggi City. This research is a type of experimental research in the form of Quasy Experimental Design. Sample of the research is class VA and VB. The coubting result of research of data that used is t test founded tcount > ttable, t test 2,342 > 1,671 at α level of 0,05. So that, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence in using of Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) to result study of students in learning PKN in Class V SDN 04 Garegeh Bukittinggi City.
penanganan masalah pemukiman kumuh secara kolaboratif dengan keterlibatan berbagai pemangku kepentingan
Authors: RUSMINI
Published: January 2019

Pada dasarnya suatu permukiman kumuh terdiri dari beberapa aspek penting, yaitu tanah/lahan, rumah/perumahan, komunitas, prasarana dan sarana dasar, yang terajut dalam suatu sistem sosial, sistem ekonomi dan budaya baik dalam suatu ekosistem lingkungan permukiman kumuh itu sendiri atau ekosistem kota. oleh karena itu permukiman kumuh harus senantiasa dipandang secara utuh dan integral dalam dimensi yang lebih luas
HASIL BELAJAR PKNDENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL SOCIAL PROBLEM SOLVING DI KELAS V SDN 01 KECAMATAN GUGUAK
Authors: Reinita
Published: January 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran PKn dengan Model Social Problem Solving di kelas V SDN 01 VII Koto Talago Kecamatan Guguak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan prosedur perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Data penelitian hasil observasi,hasil tes dan non tes. Dilaksanakan pada Semester I Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019. Subjek penelitiannya guru selaku observer, peneliti selaku praktisi, dan siswa kelas V sebanyak 20 orang siswa .Hasil penelitian siklus I pada RPP rata-rata 67.85% (cukup), meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 89.3% (baik). Pelaksanaan siklus I pada aspek guru rata-rata 80.55% (baik), meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 97.22% (sangat baik).Pelaksanaan siklus I pada aspek siswa rata-rata 66.66% (cukup), meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 94.44% (sangat baik).Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I rata-rata 74.30 (cukup), meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 89.17 (baik).Dapat disimpulkan Model Social Problem Solving menunjukkan peningkatan pada hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran PKn di kelas V SD Negeri 01 VII Koto Talago Kecamatan Guguak.
MODEL ROLE PLAYING, SIKAP EMPATI DAN PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK TERPADU DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Firman Firman -
Published: January 2019

Artikel ini membahas tentang pengunaan model Role Playing untuk membentuk sikap empati dalam pembelajaran tematik terpadu di sekolah dasar, melalui kajian teori yang dilakukan maka diperoleh kesimpulan – kesimpulan yang dapat di jadikan rujukan dalam penerapan model Role Playing pada tema organ gerak manusia dan hewan di sekolah dasar, berdasarkan kajian teori yang dilakukan secara mendasar oleh penulis maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa, dengan menggunakan model Role Playing maka dapat membentuk sikap emati siswa yang juga berdampak secara positif pada pembelajaran tematik terpadu yang dilaksanakan. Karena dalam model Role Playing memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk terlibat langsung dalam melaksanakan, menemukan, dan menyimpulkan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan
PORTRAYING STUDENTS’ OBSERVATIONAL-BASED READING PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF SELECTED INDONESIAN FOLKLORES
Authors: Sumekto Didik Rinan
Published: January 2019

Kesigapan mahasiswa memilih teks bacaan secara reguler ditargetkan dalam kebiasaan mereka membaca. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati performa membaca mahasiswa program Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris secara daring dan nondaring berkaitan dengan cerita rakyat Indonesia. Sebanyak dua puluh dua responden berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan membaca. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi berbasis kelas. Analisis data secara kualitatif menggunakan deskriptif yang menghubungkan performa membaca mahasiswa di kelas. Hasil temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara empirik mahasiswa memberikan antusiasme yang cukup terhadap eksplorasi kajian membaca karena kebiasaan membaca memerlukan kesabaran yang besar, mendapatkan kesenangan yang sedikit, dan secara berkesinambunagn mengadaptasikannya dengan format bacaan yang fleksibel. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa kesigapan membaca mahasiswa baik secara daring maupun nondaring dapat dijadikan rujukan dalam pengambilan keputusan pembelajaran di kelas.
Stronger together: Strategies to protect local sovereignty, ecosystems, and place-based communities from the global fossil fuel trade
Authors: Allen Maggie , Breslow Sara , Dolsak Nives , Bird Stoney
Published: January 2019

In the Pacific Northwest, residents are mobilizing to prevent the coastal export of fossil fuels and protect uniqueecosystems and place-based communities. This paper examines the diverse groups, largely from the Bellinghamarea, and how they succeeded in blocking construction of what was to be the largest coal-shipping port in NorthAmerica, the Gateway Pacific Terminal (GPT). Tribes, environmental organizations, faith-based groups, andother citizen groups used a multitude of approaches to prevent development, both independently and in concert.This paper reviews the various ways in which the groups collaborated and supported one another to resist theneoliberalization of the coast and support local sovereignty, unique ecosystems, and place-based communities.Groups like Power Past Coal, Protect Whatcom, and Coal-Free Bellingham fought for important and protectivechanges and evidenced communitywide political support, but the sovereign rights of the Lummi Nation were thelegal bar to constructing the coal terminal.
Purpose in life is associated with health outcomes among diabetic adults
Authors: Weston Sara J , Hill Patrick , Mroczek Dan
Published: January 2019

Objective: Health complications as a result of diabetes place major financial strain on individuals, financially and emotionally. The onset and severity of these complications is largely driven by patients’ behaviors, making psychosocial factors that influence behaviors key targets for interventions. One promising factor is sense of purpose, or the degree to which a person believes their life has meaning. Methods: Coordinated analysis using 12 datasets cross-sectionally and eight longitudinally (total N = 63,307) estimated the degree to which sense of purpose is associated with smoking, subjective health, and cardiovascular disease among diabetic adults. In addition, effect sizes for diabetic adults was compared to samples of non-diabetic adults, estimating whether the relationship of purpose to health is tempered by the presence of diabetes. Coordinated analysis allows for greater generalizability of results across cultures, time periods, and measurement instruments. Results: Sense of purpose was associated with higher self-rated health and lower rates of smoking and cardiovascular disease both cross-sectionally and prospectively and did not differ between diabetic and non-diabetic samples. Conclusions: These results highlight the relationship of a key individual difference, sense of purpose, to the behaviors and outcomes of diabetic adults. While more research is needed to determine the boundaries of this relationship, it seems sense of purpose may be considered in the future as a potential target for intervention. Moreover, the similarity of results across diabetic and non-diabetic samples suggests that research specifically for diabetic populations can build upon existing research on purpose using general or healthy samples.
Hypothesis: Transposons (TEs) may present a mechanism of adaptation to selective pressure of trauma and its inheritance
Authors: Cunha Catarina
Published: January 2019

There are numerous studies exploring mechanisms of adaptation to selective pressure in various organisms, in which many hypothesize it being a predominant force in evolution. Although adaptation is a basic and crucial mechanism affecting biology as a whole, we still remain in the dark about it. One aspect regarding selective pressure and how it affects us over generations is stress and trauma, which afflict most of us at some point of our lives (89 % of Americans). Numerous studies suggest that extreme environmental factors, such as trauma, change how DNA is being used in organisms to produce functioning proteins, which is supposed to play an important role, among other things, in neural plasticity. This form of direct adaptation to selective pressure is not realized through random classic mutations, and therefore presents a fast tool set for an organism to integrate environmental information, which is supposed to be passed down to next generations. While epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, are involved in adaptation in one organism, this is not a likely system to pass down information of adaptation to next generations for two reasons: 1)There are no known mechanisms how trauma that cause changes in neurons would affect fully formed germline cells before fertilization through methylation.2)Even if germline cells would be modulated by trauma through methylation, these marks would most likely not survive to a significant enough extend, because of the various stages of methylation resetting mechanisms after fertilization and throughout development.An alternative system by which trauma adaptation could be transmitted to next generations, would be that of transposable elements (TEs). Traditionally they have been considered as junk DNA, which means that although representing a high proportion of genomes (ca. 45 %) no cellular functions could be detected. However, recently it has become evident that TE-derived DNA sequences not only play a fundamental role during evolution in all organisms, but that TEs are also implicated in the origin and evolution of various disorders. Therefore, one could hypothesize, that TEs play a crucial role in adaptation in general, and especially to trauma.
Neural Underpinnings of Numerical and Spatial Cognition: An fMRI Meta-Analysis of Brain Regions Associated with Symbolic Number, Arithmetic, and Mental Rotation
Authors: Hawes Zachary , Sokolowski H Moriah , Ononye Chuka Bosah , Ansari Daniel
Published: January 2019

Where and under what conditions do spatial and numerical skills converge and diverge in the brain? To address this question, we conducted a meta-analysis of brain regions associated with basic symbolic number processing, arithmetic, and mental rotation. We used Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) to construct quantitative meta-analytic maps synthesizing results from 86 neuroimaging papers (~ 30 studies/cognitive process). All three cognitive processes were found to activate bilateral parietal regions in and around the intraparietal sulcus (IPS); a finding consistent with shared processing accounts. Numerical and arithmetic processing were associated with overlap in the left angular gyrus, whereas mental rotation and arithmetic both showed activity in the middle frontal gyri. These patterns suggest regions of cortex potentially more specialized for symbolic number representation and domain-general mental manipulation, respectively. Additionally, arithmetic was associated with unique activity throughout the fronto-parietal network and mental rotation was associated with unique activity in the right superior parietal lobe. Overall, these results provide new insights into the intersection of numerical and spatial thought in the human brain.
Clinical Profile of Thyroid Disorders – A retrospective study at BPKIHS
Authors: Agrawal Anuskha , Rani Nidhi , Maskey Robin
Published: January 2019

Background: The thyroid gland produces two key metabolic hormones which regulate metabolic rate, growth and development. They play vital roles in digestion, heart and muscle function, brain development and maintenance of bones. People suffering from thyroid disorders may have autoimmune disease, ranging from primary hypothyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, to hyperthyroidism caused by Graves’ disease.

Objectives: To study clinical profile of thyroid disorders in endocrinology clinic of BPKIHS, Nepal.

Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective study of past five years (2012 – 2017) done in department of internal medicine at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, in which thyroid disorder patient records from the endocrinology clinic will be compiled together will be analyzed after classifying them according to the guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA). Results: Among 584 thyroid disorder cases that were sampled, higher prevalence of thyroid disorders was seen in females, and the Male: Female ratio was 1:4.13. Most common type of thyroid disorder was Hypothyroidism (29.6%) followed by Subclinical hypothyroidism (28.3%).

Conclusions: Thyroid disorders are more common in females than males and hypothyroidism being commonest thyroid disorder in our setup. Subclinical hypothyroidism is second commonest followed by hyperthyroidism. In Subclinical hypothyroidism Anti TPO antibody is most commonly found to be positive.
Effect of stiffeners in lateral stiffness of masonry infill reinforced concrete (RC) frames
Authors: Kawan Chandra Kiran
Published: January 2019

Infilled frames are reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill. The provision of masonry walls as infill increases the lateral stiffness of frame. Unreinforced masonry infill effects the strength and stiffness of frame but being ignored for a long time. The main objective of this paper is to study the individual and combined effect of infill masonry wall, stiffeners and wooden frame in the lateral stiffness of infill reinforced concrete frame with central opening, with and without gap element consideration. From the analysis using SAP software, it is observed that with increase in openings, stiffness decreases but introducing stiffeners and wooden frame increases the lateral stiffness. Embedding the gap element as the boundary condition reduces the stiffness of the infilled frame. Numerical investigations are carried out by finite element modeling for analyzing the behavior of infilled frame. The single equivalent diagonal strut width was determined by obtaining the same lateral stiffness from finite element model, and also strut reduction factor for different conditions with central openings are proposed.
Hardy-Littlewood Maximal Function and class (Ap , Ap)
Authors: Ghimire Santosh
Published: January 2019

In this article, we begin with class (Ap , Ap) and Maximal function. We then establish the behavior of Maximal function on the functions of class (Ap , Ap). Precisely, we show if the pair of weights (u, w) is of class (Ap , Ap) for some 1< p <∞, then the Hardy Littlewood function M may not map Lp(w) to Lp(u). But in contrast if (u, w) ∈ (Ap , Ap), the Maximal function M maps Lp(w) to Lp,∞(u) with norm at most C(n, p)[u, w]1/p(Ap,Ap).
Comparative study on the fundamental time period of RC buildings based on codal provision and ambient vibration test – a case study of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Shrestha Ramila , Karanjit Sudip
Published: January 2019

For the proper design of any structure, its fundamental properties should be known. The fundamental time period is a primary consideration for seismic design. Generally empirical relations given by code are used in design of building structure, where time period is the function of height and lateral dimension in most cases. But, these empirical relations given by codes are not verified in the context of Nepal. For existing structures, in addition to code formulas and available analytical tools, such as modal analyses, various methods of testing, including ambient and forced vibration testing procedures may be used to determine fundamental time period. In this study, the fundamental period of the 31 RC infill buildings located in Kathmandu valley was identified using ambient motions recorded at each building. Ambient vibration measurements of buildings have been performed by using geophone. Fundamental time periods evaluated experimentally and calculated by different codal formulas were compared. Single variable regression analysis was done, and time period in relation with height is evaluated. In this analysis, codal time period was found higher than experimental one. Multi-variable regression analysis was also done, and the relation between time period, height and lateral dimension was formulated. From multivariable regression formulation, it was concluded that the effect of base dimension of building to fundamental time period is very less. It can be concluded that the fundamental time period of RC building in our current practice can be better correlated by height only relation (T = CHa) than by height and base-dimension relation (T = C H/√D) given by code. Fundamental time period calculated from codal formula for RC building with infill and from experiment was found near in most cases.
Thermal behaviour of expanded polystyrene based lightweight concrete sandwich panel at various temperatures
Authors: Koju Surya Man
Published: January 2019

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) based lightweight concrete sandwich panel is a light weight building material that exhibits good thermal properties and is suitable for making thermally insulated building walls. This study contains experimental determination of thermal conductivity, overall heat transfer coefficient and thermal resistance of EPS based lightweight concrete sandwich panels. Resistive heating is used for performing thermal tests. Internal heat transfer is considered during experiment and the results are achieved by steady state heat transfer method. Thermal quality of sandwich panel with varying thicknesses is observed. Experiments are repeated with four types of source temperatures. All the samples are oven dried before taken into experimentation. The thermal results indicated that EPS based lightweight concrete sandwich panel poses overall heat transfer coefficient of 1.75 W/m2K, 2.06 W/m2K, 6.09 W/m2K and 6.54 W/m2K for 90 mm thick sandwich panel at low temperature, ambient temperature, high temperature and extreme temperature respectively.
Effects of coaxial dielectric barrier discharge on water treatment at different sites of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Gyawali Hari Prasad , Shrestha J. , Nakarmi N. , Tyata R.B.
Published: January 2019

The research work reports the results concerning the effects of ozone produced by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in well, river and industrial wastewater. The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) unit was developed to produce highly oxidizing ozone molecules, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals for the treatment of water. The discharge was produced by applying AC high voltage (up to 10 kV peak-to-peaks) source of frequency 26 kHz across annular electrodes. The well and wastewater samples were collected from 5 different places of Kathmandu district, Nepal. Various physical, chemical and micro-biological parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Coliform were analysed before and after ozonation. Our results showed that pH of water after treatment changed slightly with respect to pH of untreated water. There was slight change in conductivity of water from the different sources after treatment by ozone. DO of all samples increased significantly after ozonation. It was found that BOD and COD of all samples decreased significantly after ozonation. Concentration of ferrous ion (Fe2+) decreased after ozonation. There was significant decrease in Total Coliform after treatment.
Echocardiography image denoising using fractal wavelet transform
Authors: Manandhar Reena , Pandey Sanjeeb Prashad
Published: January 2019

One of the most important areas in image processing is medical image processing where the quality of the images has become an important issue. Most of the medical images are corrupted with the visual noise, and one of the such images is echocardiography image where this effect is more. So, this research aims to denoise the echocardiography image with fractal wavelet transform and to compare its performance with other wavelet based algorithm like hard thresholding, soft thresholding and wiener filter. Initially, the image is corrupted by the Gaussian noise with varying noise variances and is denoised using above mentioned different wavelet based denoising techniques. On comparison of the obtained results, it is observed that the fractal wavelet transform is well suited for highly degraded echocardiography images in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal To Noise Ratio (PSNR) than other wavelet based denoising methods. Further, the work could be enhanced to denoise the echocardiography image corrupted by other different types of noise. This research is limited to denoise the echocardiography image corrupted with Gaussian noise only.
Impact of brick kilns' emission on soil quality of agriculture fields in the vicinity of selected Bhaktapur area
Authors: Suwal Gajendra Bhakta
Published: January 2019

The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of brick kilns' on different physiochemical parameters of soils of agricultural field, located in the vicinity of Bhaktapur. The study was carried out by measuring the pH value and the micro nutrients of the soil. During the entire study period, the pH of soil near brick kiln was measured to be 5.5 and as distance increased the pH of soil was recorded up to 6.9 which mean the soil was acidic near the kiln and was neutral farther away. The findings revealed that the pH value was high and nutrient content were deficient in soil at 50 m while increasing gradually at distances of 100 m and 150 m it was found opposite of it. It signifies that the quality of soil increases proportionally to the distance from the brick kiln area. Similarly, the micro nutrients like organic matter are also increased with increasing distance.
Experimental work for mechanical properties of brick and masonry panel
Authors: Phaiju Saroj , Pradhan Prachand Man
Published: January 2019

The use of Masonry panels in building construction has been popular in most of the parts of the world. However, the use of bricks and brick masonry in different parts of the world being of different nature in terms of quality, size, workmanship of construction, etc. It is yet a topic of interest to researchers to identify the mechanical properties, like Young’s modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of brick masonry panels. It is essential to know the characteristic of brick masonry panels in order to evaluate the responses of masonry walls for any kind of loading. Individual bricks do possess better compressive capacity as compared to masonry walls. Masonry walls are bound together with either mud mortar or by cement sand mortars of various mixes as per the strength requirements. The essential strength properties in engineering are basically the compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard is the most popular for testing bricks and brick masonry for these properties so far. Here, the study has been concentrated in finding the compressive strength of brick, mortar and brick masonry. The study is also done for Young’s modulus of elasticity of brick as well as that of masonry wall. Similarly, the study is extended to find the modulus of rigidity of brick masonry panel. The study is done experimentally for the samples that are generally used in Kathmandu, Nepal. The samples include bricks, cement and sand particularly available in Kathmandu region.
Comparative analysis between non-linear wavelet based image denoising techniques
Authors: Chikanbanjar Milan
Published: January 2019

Digital images have been a major form of transmission of visual information, but due to the presence of noise, the image gets corrupted. Thus, processing of the received image needs to be done before being used in an application. Denoising of image involves data manipulation to remove noise in order to produce a good quality image retaining different details. Quantitative measures have been used to show the improvement in the quality of the restored image by the use of various thresholding techniques by the use of parameters mainly, MSE (Mean Square Error), PSNR (Peak-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio) and SSIM (Structural Similarity index). Here, non-linear wavelet transform denoising techniques of natural images are studied, analyzed and compared using thresholding techniques such as soft, hard, semi-soft, LevelShrink, SUREShrink, VisuShrink and BayesShrink. On most of the tests, PSNR and SSIM values for LevelShrink Hard thresholding method is higher as compared to other thresholding methods. For instance, from tests PSNR and SSIM values of lena image for VISUShrink Hard, VISUShrink Soft, VISUShrink Semi Soft, LevelShrink Hard, LevelShrink Soft, LevelShrink Semi Soft, SUREShrink, BayesShrink thresholding methods at the variance of 10 are 23.82, 16.51, 23.25, 24.48, 23.25, 20.67, 23.42, 23.14 and 0.28, 0.28, 0.28, 0.29, 0.22, 0.25, 0.16 respectively which shows that the PSNR and SSIM values for LevelShrink Hard thresholding method is higher as compared to other thresholding methods, and so on. Thus, it can be stated that the performance of LevelShrink Hard thresholding method is better on most of tests.
Impacts of Religious Tourism in Janakpur
Authors: Adhikari Shyamchandra
Published: January 2019

The study of socio-economic impact of pilgrimage tourism in Janakpur shows the adverse effects in culture and environments. The study recommends to  manage the devotee tourists more scientifically in top festivals. Many tourists are entering Nepal for religious purpose. This study has been concentrated on pilgrimage tourism and its socio-economic impacts in Janakpur area. Janaki mandir is one of the important religious sites of  Nepal located in Dhanusha district which is around 234 KM far from the Kathmandu. In this connection how and why pilgrimage tourism brings socio economic changes in Janakpur area as well as what types of negative and positive impacts can be seen in the area. This study is based on both primary and secondary data and followed qualitative research design. For this study data were collected by using observation and individual questionnaires as data collection tools.
Cooperatives and Agriculture in Buddhism
Authors: Shrestha Kiran
Published: January 2019

Modern liberal economics is against the Buddhists economics. Unhealthy market competition, greed of money, top most professionalisms and economic depression and recessions are the dark side but reality of modern liberal economics. To avoid such negative consequences from livelihood, right livelihood, from a philosophy of noble eightfold path, Buddhists Economics will be a new dimension of new economic development. To check the current situation of Buddhists Economics in Nepalese Cooperatives and Agriculture a small literature review was conducted. From this review above specified hypothesis over the drawbacks of contemporary liberal economics have serious hegemony over small Nepalese Economy. Buddhists scholars must be able to impose the philosophy of Buddhists Economics in day to day life of people linked with business, production, cooperatives and agriculture.
Introducing: Second-order permutation
Authors: Godwin Bassey
Published: January 2019

In this study we answer questions that have to do with finding out the total number of ways of arranging a finite set of symbols or objects directly under a single line constraint set of finite symbols such that common symbols between the two sets do not repeat on the vertical positions. We go further to study the outcomes when both sets consist of the same symbols and when they consist of different symbols. We identify this form of permutation as 'second-order permutation' and show that it has a corresponding unique factorial which plays a prominent role in most of the results obtained. This has been discovered by examining many practical problems which give rise to the emergence of second-order permutation. Upon examination of these problems, it becomes clear that a directly higher order of permutation exist. Hence this study aims at equipping mathematics scholars, educators and researchers with the necessary background knowledge and framework for incorporating second-order permutation into the field of combinatorial mathematics.
TEKNOLOGI PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI UTAMA DAN BRANGKASAN JAGUNG DENGAN PENGGUNAAN VARIETAS UNGGUL DAN KOMPOS PADA LAHAN KERING DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Wiryono Budy , Suwati Suwati , Muliatiningsih Muliatiningsih
Published: January 2019

Abstrak: Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat mempunyai keunggulan komperatif berupa  wilayah lahan kering yang cukup luas dan berpeluang besar untuk dikembangkan. Kanwil BPN Provinsi NTB (2001) dalam Bappeda (2003) menunjukkan  dari wilayah Provinsi NTB seluas 2.015.315 hektar, sebagian besar berupa lahan kering 1.673.476,307 hektar atau 83,04%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk; mengkaji besaran susut hasil panen padi tahap perontokkan, pengeringan, dan penggilingan, serta mengetahui dampak ekonomi susut hasil panen padi di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan penelusuran pustaka dan mengambil data-data sekunder dari instansi terkait, buku-buku, laporan dan artikel ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan perpaduan teknologi pengembangan jagung yang benar dan tepat  lahan kering dapat meningkatkan produksi utama serta brangkasan jagung; selanjutnya penggunaan varietas unggul baik hibrida maupun bersari bebas merupakan komponen penting dalam teknologi produksi jagung di lahan kering, karena berpotensi hasil utama untuk kebutuhan pangan dan bahan baku industri makanan serta pakan ternak dan potensi penyediaan limbah (daun dan berangkasan) tinggi yang berkualitas untuk pakan hijauan ternak, berumur pendek (genjah), tahan terhadap tekanan biotik dan abiotik, dapat menggunakan pupuk sebaik mungkin serta tahan terhadap hama penyakit; kemudian penggunaan kompos sebagai pupuk organik pada saat budidaya jagung cenderung lebih baik kualitasnya daripada tanaman yang dipupuk dengan pupuk kimia misalnya hasil panen lebih berat, lebih tahan disimpan, lebih segar dan tentunya lebih sehat karena lebih bebas dari residu kimia sekaligus dapat memperbaiki ekosistem di lingkungan sekitarnya; hasil lain penelitian ini yakni penggunaan varietas unggul disertai aplikasi pemanfaatan pupuk organik (kompos) diperkirakan akan dapat memberikan hasil utama produksi utama (biji) dan  penyedian limbah (daun dan berangkasan) lebih tinggi sekaligus berkualitas, menyehatkan dan menjaga keberlanjutan kesehatan lingkungan disekitarnya.Kata Kunci : Teknologi; brangkasan; varietas; kompos; lahan kering
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK DENGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG DAMPAK PERNIKAHAN DINI TERHADAP KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI
Authors: Harahap Ana Pujianti , Amini Aulia , Pamungkas Catur Esty
Published: January 2019

Abstrak: Penikahan merupakan pertalian yang sah antara seorang lelaki dan seorang perempuan yang hidup bersama dan tujuannya membentuk keluarga dan melanjutkan keturunan. Pernikahan dini merupakan salah satu masalah keluarga yang belum terpecahkan dan sampai saat ini angkanya cukup tinggi. Perempuan muda di Indonesia dengan usia 10-14 tahun menikah sebanyak 0,2 % atau lebih dari 22.000 wanita muda berusia 16-20 tahun di Indonesia sudah menikah. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional, dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Gunung Sari. Sampel penelitian ibu yang memiliki anak remaja umur 16-20 tahun di Kelurahan Gunungsari berjumlah 43 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data meliputi analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan p< 0,05.Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara pendidikan ibu dengan pengetahuan tentang dampak pernikahan dini pada kesehatan reproduksi (p value 0,038 < 0,05). Pendidikan ibu yang rendah dapat menyebabkan pengetahuan ibu rendah tentang dampak pernikahan dini pada kesehatan reproduksi.Kata Kunci: Pernikahan dini; Kesehatan Reproduksi
PENGARUH POLA KOMUNIKASI PIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS MATARAM
Authors: Lubis Lubis , Furbani Widiastuti
Published: January 2019

Pola komunikasi adalah pola hubungan antara dua orang atau lebih dalam pengiriman dan penerimaan pesan dengan cara yang tepat sehingga pesan yang dimaksud dapat dipahami. Setiap pemimpin memiliki pola komunikasi yang berbeda secara pengaplikasian dalam menggerakan organisasinya untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi dan setiap pemimpin akan membangun pola komunikasinya masing-masing sesuai dengan apa yang mereka pahami. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pola komunikasi pemimpin secara formal, informal, proses dan bentuk komunikasi terhadap kinerja pegawai di perpustakaan Univesitas Mataram. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan survey descriptive dan  survey explanatory, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket, wawancara, observasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Populasi saran pada penelitian ini adalah pegawai perpustakaan yang ada di Universitas Mataram sebanyak 126, kemudian penarikan sampel dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan toleransi kesalahan sekitar 0,005 sehingga sampel yang di dapatakan sebanyak 90 orang dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis jalur (Path Analysis). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pola komunikasi pemimpin baik komunikasi formal, informal, proses dan bentuk komunikasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai perpustakaan Universitas Mataram. Jadi, terdapat pengaruh pola komunikasi pemimpin secara positif variabel bebas komunikasi formal, komunikasi informal, proses komunikasi, dan bentuk komunikasi, terhadap variabel terikat kinerja pegawai. Artinya, bila komunikasi formal, komunikasi informal, proses komunikasi, dan bentuk komunikasi  meningkat, maka kinerja pegawai jadi meningkat. Bila komunikasi formal, komunikasi informal, proses komunikasi, dan bentuk komunikasi  menurun, maka kinerja pegawai jadi menurun juga.
PELAYANAN KELUARGA BERENCANA PASCA PERSALINAN DALAM UPAYA MENDUKUNG PERCEPATAN PENURUNAN ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU
Authors: Sitorus Friska Megawati , Siahaan Julia Mahdalena
Published: January 2019

Masih rendahnya angka CPR ini berkaitan dengan masih tingginya unmet need. Tingginya unmet need pelayanan KB yakni 8,5% dari jumlah pasangan usai subur (PUS), baik untuk membatasi kelahiran (4,6%) mampu menjarangkan kelahiran (3,9%) berpotensi besar untuk terjadinya kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan (KTD), oleh sebab itu dalam upaya meningkatkan kesehatan ibu, sasaran utama program KB adalah kelompok unmet need dan ibu pasca persalinan merupakan sasaran yang paling penting. KTD pada ibu pasca bersalin akan dihadapkan pada dua hal yang sama-sama beresiko. Keadaan ini akan menjadi kehamilan yang beresiko terhadap terjadinya komplikasi dalam kehamilan, persalinan dan nifas berikutnya dapat berkontribusi terhadap kematian ibu dan kematian bayi. Kedua, jika kehamilan diakhiri (aborsi, terutama jika dilakukan dengan tidak aman) maka berpeluang untuk terjadinya komplikasi aborsi yang juga dapat berkontribusi terhadap kematian ibu, oleh sebab itu KB pasca bersalin merupakan suatu upaya strategis dalam penurunan AKI dan juga AKB dan sekaligus penurunan TFR. Jenis penelitian yang adalah quasi eksperimen atau eksperimen semu dengan rancangan penelitian one grup pre test post ter. Rancangan ini bertujuan untuk melihat besarnya pengaruh perlakuan yang diberikan pada kelompok eksperimen pada saat pre test dan post test. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan 80 orang dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai instrumen penelitian. Hail penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada pengaruh dilakukannya koseling tentang KB pada ibu hamil terhadap pengetahuan dan minat ibu dalam mengunakan kontrasepsi setelah persalinan untuk menjarangkan kehamilan.
Die Jasager und die Neinsager
Authors: Krabbe Friedrich
Published: January 2019

Zwei GEWs existieren in Berlin. Die eine praktiziert Unvereinbarkeitsbeschlüsse, vertritt ihre Mitglieder per Korrespondenz mit dem Schulsenator, organisiert Rektoren und Schulräte nebst Grundschullehrern und Studenten, gewährt einem Senator volle Mitgliedsrechte und einem Studenten die halben. Sie hat Sitz und Stimme im Deutschen Gewerkschaftsbund, ist distinkt gewerkschaftlich und volksverbunden. Die andere ~ die böse Schwester praktiziert keine Unvereinbarkeitsbeschlüsse, mobilisiert die Lehrer gegen Mehrarbeitsanweisungen der Schulämter und Rektoren, gegen willkürliche Umsetzungen und Stelleneinsparungen. Kurz: sie tut alles, was die weiland vereinigte GEW auch getrieben hat, und zwar unterm Beschuß einer Handvoll staatsergebener Rektoren, die im anderen Verband die Führungsgruppe stellen. Letzterer GEW ist die DGB-Mitgliedschaft gekündigt, d. h. sie ist zum sektiererischen Hüter schulmeisterlicher Standesprivilegien verkommen.Wie reimt sich das alles zusammen? Vermittels Theorie (nachzulesen in Neusüß-Isensee, Der Berliner GEW Konflikt', Prokla 27). Indessen steht die Aussagekraft dieser Theorie nicht ganz auf der Höhe ihrer logischen Organisation. Überprüfen wir sie darum an Hand einiger Betrachtungen zur Lehrer- und Schulorganisation.
Auslandsproduktion und strukturelle Arbeitslosigkeit
Authors: Olle Werner , Schoeller Wolfgang
Published: January 2019

In einem frtiheren Beitrag in der Prokla (1) haben wir uns mit der - in der Diskussion zur Problematik ,Multinationale Konzerne und Gewerkschaften' bislang vorherrschenden - These auseinandergesetzt, daß durch die zunehmende Internationalisierung von produktivem Kapital ,objektiv' günstigere Voraussetzungen für eine gewerkschaftliche Internationalisierung geschaffen werden, die eine ,neue Phase' internationaler Gewerkschaftspolitik eröffnen. Unsere überlegungen - die primär die Absicht verfolgten, vor dieser allzu euphorischen Beurteilung der Möglichkeiten gewerkschaftlicher Internationalisierung zu warnen - gingen dabei zunächst von der Fragestellung aus, wie die nachweisbaretraditionelle Schwäche von Ansätzen einer gewerkschaftlichen Internationalisierung zu interpretieren sei. Diese hat u.E. ihre entscheidende strukturelle Ursache darin, daß einerseits die Gewerkschaften aufgrund ihrer notwendigen Funktion zur Aufrechterhaltung und Ausweitung erkämpfter Reproduktionsniveaus der Lohnabhängigen verpflichtet sind, andererseits diese durch national unterschiedliche Produktionsund Reproduktionsbedingungen von Kapital und Arbeitskraft bestimmt werden (2).
Sozialpolitische Reformen oder Austeritypolitik in der Krise?
Authors: Fuhrke Monika
Published: January 2019

Die wissenschaftliche Soziaipolitik-Diskussion wird in letzter Zeit von einigen neueren Theorieansätzen beeinflußt, die zum einen eine Reaktion auf das offenkundig disparitäre Verhältnis von Theorie und Politik in diesem Bereich darstellen, zum anderen auch das Scheitern sozialdemokratischer Reformansätze seit der Krise 74/75 aufnehmen oder widerspiegeln.Sozialpolitische Strategien waren bisher meist auf folgendes Gegensatzpaar ausgerichtet:Die SPD suchte das Ziel des „demokratischen Sozialismus" über staatliche Umverteilungsmaßnahmen zu erreichen, wozu sich die Sozialpolitik als Tätigkeitsfeld ja geradezu anbot. In den verschiedensten theoretischen Varianten ( 1) sollte daher über verstärkte (von der Sozialdemokratie gelenkte und kontrollierte) Staatseingriffe der Einfluß der Privatwirtschaft zugunsten der Arbeitnehmer zurückgedrängtwerden. CD V-Vorstellungen dagegen gingen davon aus, die „soziale Marktwirtschaft" oder die Beseitigung von aus „Marktfehlern" resultierenden sozialen Problemen durch lediglich subsidiäre staatliche Eingriffe mit dem Ziel der Stärkung der Privatinitiative und Familie zu verwirklichen (2).
Naturwissenschaftliche Denkformen und ökonomische Struktur
Authors: Dudek Peter
Published: January 2019

Fast sieben Jahre nach der ersten Veröffentlichung von Sohn-Rethels „Geistige und körperliche Arbeit"· melden sich in der ,linken Öffentlichkeit' die Betroffenen zu Worte: Naturwissenschaftler. lm Februar 1977 organisierte der Studienbereich Mathematik der Universität Bremen anläßlich der Beendigung von Sohn-Rethels mehrjähriger Gastprofessur an diesem Seminar ein Symposium zum Thema „Warenform und Denkform". Initiiert wurde das Symposium von Hochschullehrern des mathematischen Studienbereiches, die zusammen mit Sohn-Rethel im Rahmen der Mathematiker- Ausbildung das Lehrprojekt ,,Kritik der Maschinisierung von Kopfarbeit als gesellschaftlicher Formzusammenhang" leiteten. Im Heft 29 der ProKla beschäftigte sich L. Hieber, ein Physiker, mit der Bedeutung der Denkformtheorie für die Selbstreflexion naturwissenschaftlicher Arbeit - so der Titel des Aufsatzes. Zwei Beispiele, die natürlich nur unzureichend auf die Verbreitung der Schriften Sohn-Rethels unter den ,linken' Naturwissenschaftlern verweisen. Dennoch: die Verbreitung existiert, Sohn-Rethels Arbeiten werden auf ihre Stärken und Schwächen hin diskutiert, auch wenn (weil?) die etablierten Wissenschaftstheorien sie bisher entweder weitgehend ignorieren oder denunzieren.
Massenarbeitslosigkeit als Politisierungspotential - der schwierige Lernprozeß
Authors: Wacker Ali
Published: January 2019

Daß die kapitalistische Ökonomie langfristig mehr Probleme erzeugt, als sie auf der Grundlage ihrer eigenen Gestaltungslogik lösen kann, ist spätestens seit der Diskussion um die Begrenztheit der natürlichen Ressourcen, die ökologischen Folgen eines gesellschaftlich nicht kontrollierten Wachstums der Industrieproduktion und dem Entstehen einer Überbevölkerung auch in der Bundesrepublik wieder zum Thema geworden.Erneut stellt sich damit auch die Frage nach der Bedeutung sozioökonomischer Krisenphänomene für die Ausformung politischer Orientierungen und Handhmgsbereitschaften. Im Umkreis der marxistischen Theorie dominiert seit ihren Anfängenein wesentlich optimistischer Krisenbegriff. So spottete schon Marx im „Elend der Philosophie" über diejenigen, die im Elend nur das Elend sähen, ,,ohne die revolutionäre umstürzende Seite darin zu erblicken, welche die alte Gesellschaft über den Haufen werfen wird." ( 1) Die Unfähigkeit einer Gesellschaft, allen ihren arbeitsfähigen und arbeitswilligen Mitgliedern eine ausreichende Basis ihrer Selbsterhaltungzu verschaffen, sollte nach dieser Auffassung einen ausgezeichneten Nährboden zur Herausbildung und Vermassung eines antikapitalistischen Bewußtseins abgeben und damit auch die Chancen zur politischen Durchsetzung sozialistischer Positionen verbessern.
Authors No. 77 "Ukrainian Religious Studies"
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

Authors No. 77 "Ukrainian Religious Studies"
Ten-volume "History of Religion in Ukraine". Information
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

In 2016, the Department of Religious Studies of the IF of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, under the general editorship of Professor AM Kolodny, completed the publication of the ten-volume "History of Religion in Ukraine". The publication is written outside of the scheduled topics, on the enthusiasm of scholars and sponsorship of the payment of payment cards. The first volume of the project describes pre-Christian beliefs and the adoption of Ukrainian-Russian Christianity. The last historical event is scientifically worked out and presented in this volume, because there is a different approach to its evaluation.
The authors of articles of the magazine UR №80
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

The authors of articles of the magazine UR №80
Certificate of the Holy Unity
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

In the name of the triune God, we are gathered at the next Cathedral in Berenshit, in the church of St.. Mykodlaya, Mitropolit, and bishops of the Greek rite, proclaim to eternal memory: Seeing that the monotony of the Church of God in the gospel and the teaching of our Lord Jesus Christ is based on one Peter, as if on a stone, so that the Church of Christ would stand firmly under the rule and leadership of his one, so that in one body there was one head, and in one house only one master and the bearer of God's favor, placed over the people of God, to care for the order and goodness of all, and because this order, which began from the Apostolic times, continued in the Divine Church continuously . Therefore, all the Eastern Patriarchs in the affairs of faith and in the reception of the spiritual authority, as well as in the episcopal courts and responses, have always been related to the successor of St. Peter, the Holy Pope, as is evident from the Ecumenical Councils and the rules of the Holy Fathers. This is satisfactorily proved by other Slavic letters, which have already been translated into Greek from ancient times, as well as by the holy Fathers of the Eastern Churches. They all recognize this holy throne of Peter, his privilege and his authority over bishops of the whole world.
The authors of the articles of thematic issue of Bulletin No. 81-82
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

The authors of the articles of thematic issue of Bulletin No. 81-82
The authors of articles of the magazine UR 83
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

The authors of articles of the magazine UR 83
Social Concept of Muslims in Ukraine
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

Events in Ukraine after 2013 - The Revolution of Dignity, the occupation of the Crimea, the conflict in the Donbas - have had a significant impact on the Muslim community of Ukraine and once again raised the question of what place Muslims today occupy in the country's life, how they build relations between themselves, with representatives of other religions, the state, institutes of civil society, etc. In December 2016, representatives of 34 Muslim organizations of the country signed the "Charter of Muslims of Ukraine". Now it has become necessary to consider in detail the separate aspects of the Muslim representation in the Ukrainian society, as well as to clearly declare the principles, approaches and mechanisms of the implementation of the Divine ordinances in relation to this world, where the "governor of God" is the man himself (Koran 2:30). This prompted us to put all the positions in a separate document, which would demonstrate the Islamic assessment of the different realms of human life and society, as well as determine the role played by Islam and Muslims
The authors of the magazine
Authors: Of the Journal Editorial board
Published: January 2019

The authors of the magazine