bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobiliser l’intelligence collective des équipes au travail : un levier d’innovation agile pour transformer durablement les organisations
Authors: Gréselle-Zaïbet Olfa
Published: January 2019

Cet article propose un cadre de compréhension de l’intelligence collective, pratique managériale qui se développe de plus en plus comme nouveau levier d’innovation agile pour transformer durablement les organisations. Après avoir défini l’intelligence collective, seront présentées ses caractéristiques à travers l’étude de deux équipes temporaires puis son articulation avec l’innovation agile dans une perspective de changement organisationnel durable. Les résultats montrent que l’intelligence collective est plurielle et se manifeste différemment selon les projets menés et les équipes observées. Ils montrent également que c’est un phénomène émergent qui nécessite la mise en place de conditions spécifiques qui lui sont favorables. Enfin son émergence est vue comme un processus de conception et pas seulement de régulation de l’action collective. CODES JEL : J2, O32
Vers une approche constructionnelle des structures au conditionnel
Authors: Caudal Patrick
Published: January 2019

Le présent article s’efforcera d’esquisser un programme de recherche novateur sur le conditionnel et d’avancer quelques arguments empiriques assez détaillés pour étayer l’hypothèse proposée. On peut la qualifier de « constructionnelle » (au sens très large du terme, et pas simplement de Goldberg 1995). L’idée principale qu’il défend est que la diversité des « emplois » du conditionnel ne saurait s’analyser ni seulement à l’aide d’un invariant sémantique (monosémie), ni uniquement par des interprétations en relation de polysémie productive vs  d’homonymie, et qu’elle implique parfois des appariements formes/sens conventionnalisés au niveau de constructions syntaxiquement complexes.
Le conditionnel appliqué à devoir/dovere et son potentiel argumentatif
Authors: Rossari Corinne , Ricci Claudia , Dolamic Ljiljana
Published: January 2019

Prenant comme point de départ une différence sémantique entre devoir épistémique au conditionnel en français et dovere en italien (le premier semblant véhiculer une indication de nécessité plus marquée que le second), nous nous proposons de la mettre à l’épreuve au moyen d’une analyse quantitative sur corpus prenant en considération les environnements textuels du verbe modal devoir / dovere ainsi que son indice de représentativité dans des corpus manifestant des variations de genres et d’époque dans les deux langues.
Nursing and Midwifery Students' Sense of Connectedness Within Their Learning Communities
Authors: Ebert Lyn , Levett-Jones Tracy , Jones Donovan
Published: January 2019

Background:

Recognition of the importance of a supportive academic and clinical learning environment for nursing and midwifery students enrolled in health care programs is not new. However, the factors that influence social connections within these environments and the consequences for students' learning are not well understood.

Method:

This study used a multisite mixed-methods design to examine students' learning experiences.

Results:

Participants stated that to develop a sense of professional connectedness, opportunities are needed to develop meaningful relationships with academic staff and peers through increased face-to-face on-campus learning experiences, as well as through off-campus contexts.

Conclusion:

To enhance nursing and midwifery students' sense of connectedness, the balance between online and face-to-face learning experiences needs to be reexamined, and a renewed focus on the development of quality clinical learning experiences that foster a sense of belonging also is needed.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(1):47–52.]
Improving Telehealth Knowledge in Nurse Practitioner Training for Rural and Underserved Populations
Authors: List Betsy A. , Saxon Robin , Lehman Devon , Frank Catherine , Toole Kimberly P.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Telehealth is an emerging technology for the delivery of health care services. Providers need to be trained to maximize the potential benefits for rural and underserved populations.

Method:

A quality improvement approach to curricular redesign was used to integrate telehealth in a family nurse practitioner program. The intervention consisted of telehealth learning outcomes and a lecture-style presentation in a role transition course. A Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle informed faculty decision making in a small test of change. Self-reported confidence in telehealth knowledge was measured with a knowledge survey to determine whether the change was an improvement.

Results:

Student confidence in telehealth knowledge increased following the intervention. The change provided an opportunity for faculty to consider additional approaches to integrating telehealth learning experiences in practicum courses.

Conclusion:

This project provided an improvement framework on which faculty can build and test effective pedagogical approaches to training graduate nursing students on the use of telehealth technology.

[
J Nurs Educ.
2019;58(1):57–60.]
Primary Megalocornea: Clinical Features for Differentiation From Infantile Glaucoma
Authors: Ho Ching Lin , Walton David S
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To describe the ocular findings in mégalocornea to assist in its differentiation from infantile glaucoma in the evaluation of children with abnormally enlarged corneas.

Methods: The clinical findings of 4 boys found to have megalocornea following referral for evaluation of large corneas and suspected glaucoma were reviewed.

Results: Three of the 4 patients had photophobia. Clear and enlarged corneas were observed associated with deep anterior chambers, posterior bowing of the irides, and normal intraocular pressures (IOPs) in all eyes. Transillumination of the irides was found in 6 of 8 eyes and pigment dispersion was seen in 4 of 8 eyes. Pigment dispersion appeared to be acquired over time, and the youngest patient in this series who had pigment dispersion detected on slit-lamp examination was 15 years; the youngest patient with the condition detected on gonioscopy was 8 years. No breaks in Descemets membrane were present. Family history obtained from 3 of the 4 patients revealed evidence of sex-linked recessive inheritance. These findings are distinct from the clinical features of infantile glaucoma characterized by elevated IOP, breaks in Descemets membrane, corneal edema, a generally flat iris profile, less pronounced enlargement of the anterior segment, the absence of iris transillumination and pigment dispersion, and autosomal recessive inheritance. Three patients had corneal size asymmetry, a finding that has not been previously reported.
Reoperation Choices: What Would You Do?
Authors: Schwartz Robert , Choy Andrew
Published: January 2019

Our goal as the new editors of the e-Consults column is to discuss the frequent. To this end, rather than explore bizarre and unusual clinical scenarios, we will endeavor to explore the many possible therapeutic options far common clinical problems. In addition, some of our future columns will discuss the everyday conundrums involved with billing-coding techniques and clinical decision making that is influenced more by the patient's attorney than by the patient's medical condition. Our consultants will vary, but every effort will be made to enlist comments from experienced private practitioners as well as academicians.

Our consultants far this segment have all been in practice at least 10 years. They each bring a unique educational and practice experience to this discussion.
Lower Lid Retraction: A Valuable Finding in Juvenile Graves' Orbitopathy
Authors: Acaroglu Golge , Cetinkaya Ergun , Ileri Dilek , Ilhan Bayazit , Can Cigdem
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate the findings of juvenile Graves' orbitopathy.

Subjects and Methods: Retrospective evaluation of our patients with Graves' disease who are younger than 16 years.

Results: Seventeen patients younger than 16 years were identified among 138 patients who were being treated for hyperthyroidism and goiter. Eleven (64.7%) of them had lid findings, orbital findings, or both and constituted 8.8% of the total of 125 such patients. Ophthalmic signs were common and were among the presenting signs in children with Graves' disease. Orbitopathy was mild and was more frequent in girls. Lower lid retraction and lag (ie, hesitation of the lower lids to follow upgaze) appeared to be constant and early findings.

Conclusion: Ophthalmologists and pediatricians should be aware of and look for lid signs in children presenting with related complaints and a history suggesting hyperthyroidism, goiter, or both.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41:96-99.
Orbital Involvement by Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Authors: Ganesh Anuradha , Dondey Joanne , Forte Vito , Drake James M , Gentili Fred , Armstrong FRCPC Derek , Phillips John , Buncic J Raymond
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This article describes a rare cause of orbital apex syndrome in a child - juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. A high leveí of suspicion while treating an adolescent male with chronic nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and a nasal mass will promote early diagnosis. Multidisciplinary care is advisable, especially for advanced disease. / Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;4l:l 16-121.
Digital Forensics in the Context of the Internet of Things
Authors: Kirmani Mariya Shafat , Banday Mohammad Tariq
Published: January 2019

The pervasive nature of IoT, envisioned with the characteristics of diversity, heterogeneity, and complexity, is diluting the boundaries between the physical and digital worlds. IoT being widely distributed qualifies it as the breeding ground for cyber-attacks. Although remarkable work is being done to ensure security in IoT infrastructure, security vulnerabilities persist. The IoT infrastructure can either be used as a direct target in a cyber-attack or exploited as a tool to carry a cyber-attack. In either case, the security measures in IoT infrastructure is compromised. The enormous IoT data is sensitive that can act as a gold mine to both the criminals for illicit exploitation or investigators to act as digital witness. IoT forensics help the investigators to acquire intelligence from this smart infrastructure to reconstruct the historical events occurred. However, due to sophisticated IoT architecture, the digital investigators face myriad challenges in IoT-related investigations using existing investigation methodologies and, hence, demand a separate dedicated forensic framework.
A Regional Approach to Mobility Management
Authors: Vogel Morgan D. , Blair Robert , Deichert Jerome
Published: January 2019

Across the United States there is increased pressure for communities, especially in states like Nebraska, to engage in sustainable transportation infrastructure development. Through a case study of an ongoing statewide transportation initiative in nonmetropolitan Nebraska, this chapter examines transportation sustainability and planning from a regional and collaborative perspective. The Nebraska effort can be adapted to other states with significant rural and dispersed population centers. Funded by the state and the federal governments, Nebraska's transportation initiative, using an innovative public-private partnership, is creating and enhancing regional transit services in small urban and rural areas, using public transportation as a means to promote long-term economic growth and sustainability. Smaller urban and micropolitan communities, often serving as regional growth centers, frequently are overlooked when it comes to research on transportation planning and policy.
Evolving Transportation Sustainability
Authors: Riggs William
Published: January 2019

Transportation policymakers and planners have begun to realize the importance of sustainable transportation with regards to health, social implications, and the climate. Focusing on more active travel is one way that these officials are beginning to evolve cities in a way that supports these broader sustainability goals. In this light, this chapter focuses on how active transportation has evolved, and how policy and finance can support it. It also looks at emerging issues that may reshape transportation, such as connected and autonomous vehicles, and how we can maintain transportation sustainability in light of these innovations.
Chassis
Authors: Stich Bethany , Amdal James , Webb Peter
Published: January 2019

International trade requires efficient delivery between exporter and importer, usually by ocean vessels. Roughly 90% of cargo is transported in shipping containers, delivered for export by truck or rail, then received at the importer to be similarly discharged. This chapter discusses containerized trade, focusing on international chassis, the wheeled shipping container bed. The authors discuss the invention of containerization and give the historical context for US chassis provision. The chapter outlines the chassis logistical difficulties of US truckers. An overview of attempts to solve this by chassis pooling is provided. The chapter then addresses differences between chassis in the US and the rest of the world. Key chassis regulations are covered, followed by a discussion of the relation of chassis to sustainability. Antitrust issues concerning the main chassis providers and the three recently created ocean carrier alliances are covered. The authors conclude with three recommendations for improving US chassis access.
Contracting Out in the Transit Industry
Authors: Leland Suzanne , Smirnova Olga V.
Published: January 2019

Since the Government Accounting Office report “Transit Agencies' Use of Contracting to Provide Service,” there is a growing interest in contracting out and any measures increasing efficiency and cost-savings. This chapter looks at the results of a unique national survey of transit agency managers conducted in 2017 for a modern snapshot of the transit industry in the United States. While there are specific factors that make transit contracting easier (e.g., competition in the provision of services), there are also factors that require contracting out but make monitoring of contracts more difficult (e.g., no capacity to provide services and monitoring in-house). The authors discuss these factors and provide illustrative examples of factors that may enhance efficiency.
Governance of Portuguese Universities Within European Higher Education
Authors: Rendas António
Published: January 2019

National legislation for higher education that was introduced in 2007 by the Portuguese Government changed the higher education governance model into a more centralized system with increased institutional autonomy. This allowed for a better strategic planning process that was more able to respond to society needs and, in public university foundations, gave rectors a stronger leadership role supported by a general council and by a board of trustees. A decade later, the overall autonomy scores of Portuguese universities when compared with those from other European countries according to academic, financial, organizational, and staffing (senior) criteria showed better Portuguese performance when compared with most Southern and Central European countries. This pattern remained stable between 2011 and 2016. Changes that occurred at Nova University, Lisbon, are described as a case stud to exemplify the effects of this new governance model on the sustainability of long-term strategic planning and its management.
Governance Within Diverse University Structures
Authors: Zima Tomáš
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on university governance, which reflects the structure of an institution, whether it is centralized or decentralized, but most importantly democratic and autonomous. The case is illustrated using the example of Charles University, which is a large and highly decentralized organization that has been affected by developments in the Czech Republic after 1989 and their consequences for higher education in the country. In this regard, different governance models and recent challenges for higher education institutions are explained. The structure, main bodies, and management of Charles University are described and put into context within the national regulatory framework. The chapter further explores the division of powers and control mechanisms. A special focus is placed on the role of the Academic Senate, which underlines the democratic principles of the institution. The final remarks highlight the importance of a democratic, autonomous environment for both research and education.
Academic Leadership and the Business Gateway to the Chinese and Portuguese Speaking World
Authors: Amaro de Matos Joao
Published: January 2019

NOVA School of Business and Economics (NOVA SBE) identified the opportunity to complement the training of the best language universities in China to bring Chinese students with basic fluency in Portuguese to Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (UNL). They would be trained in Economics and Management at NOVA SBE and complement their Portuguese language studies at the School of Social Sciences and Humanities (FCSH-UNL) obtaining at the end a joint degree from UNL. After a lobby from the university leadership, the Portuguese Government eventually recognized this degree focused on its unique characteristics, namely (1) a Portuguese university as a means to cooperate with Chinese institutions to achieve their strategic goals in Africa and LATAM, (2) multidisciplinary cooperation putting together social sciences and business and economics, and (3) a potential internationalization cooperation for the Portuguese and Chinese HEI's markets far beyond the simple exchange of students.
Software-Defined Networking in Aviation
Authors: Odarchenko Roman
Published: January 2019

Aviation telecommunications is one of the main means of providing guidance to civil aviation and air traffic control. Proper organization of communication is one of the main conditions for ensuring the safety and regularity of aircraft operations as well as the production activities of enterprises and civil aviation organizations. The new networks will focus on significantly improving the quality of service. The basis for their construction will form SDN networks. Therefore, the chapter analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of two SDN implementing methods. It was developed the mathematical method to assess their complex effectiveness, which considers QoS requirements of implementing service through special weights for scalability, performance, and packet delay. There were simulations of overlay networks by using soft switches to verify the adequacy of the proposed method. The results showed that the use of SDN networks more efficiently by using IP networks for large volumes of traffic and with a large amount of network equipment.
Information Technology of the Aerial Photo Materials Spatial Overlay on the Raster Maps
Authors: Yurchuk Iryna , Piskunov Oleksiy , Prystavka Pylyp
Published: January 2019

The information technology that is researched in the chapter provides a spatial overlay of the images received by the camera of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and raster maps of open aerial photography services. Such software helps to solve issues of actualization of maps, observation of agricultural field yields, creation of terrain photo planes, monitoring, etc. “Frames and a Map Overlay Tools” is software developed in C# using .NET4.0. All algorithms that were used during the development of the complex are described in detail, as well as the flow diagrams of the data utilities from which the complex is composed. Despite the fact that the testing of this complex has shown poorly high speed in real time, the estimates will allow the possibility of its interactive use under conditions of further refinement.
Analysis and Optimization of Diagnostic Procedures for Aviation Radioelectronic Equipment
Authors: Zaliskyi Maksym , Solomentsev Oleksandr , Yashanov Ivan
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, the authors present the questions of aviation radioelectronic equipment operation. The structure of operation system is considered based on processes approach with adaptable control principles usage. Operation system contains processes of diagnostics and health monitoring. The authors consider the direct problem of efficiency estimation for diagnostics process, and main attention is paid to probability density function calculation for diagnostics duration. Simulation results were used for adequacy testing of these calculations. The authors also take into account the possibility of first and second kind errors presence. The inverse problem for diagnostics is defined and solved for mathematical expectation of repair time. In general case, the inverse problem can be solved for seven options of optimization.
Design Features of High-Performance Multiprocessor Computing Systems
Authors: Shvachych Gennady , Rizun Nina , Kholod Olena , Ivaschenko Olena , Busygin Volodymyr
Published: January 2019

The chapter analyzes the ways of development of high-performance computing systems. It is shown that a real breakthrough in mastering parallel computing technologies can be achieved by developing an additional (actually basic) level in the hierarchy of hardware capacities of multiprocessor computing systems of MPP-architecture, the personal computing clusters. Thus, it is proposed to create the foundation of the hardware pyramid of parallel computing technology in the form of personal computing clusters. It is shown that on the basis of multiprocessor information systems processing and control, the control systems are implemented for many industries: space industry, aviation, air defense and anti-missile defense systems, and many others. However, the production of multiprocessor information processing and control systems is hampered by high cost at all its stages. As a result, the total cost of the system often makes it as an inaccessible tool. The use of modern multiprocessor cluster systems would reduce the costs of its production.
Critical Aviation Information Systems
Authors: Gnatyuk Sergiy , Hu Zhengbing , Sydorenko Viktoriia , Aleksander Marek , Polishchuk Yuliia , Yubuzova Khalicha Ibragimovna
Published: January 2019

This chapter is devoted to developing formalization methods for identification and security objects of critical information infrastructure (CII) in civil aviation. The analysis of modern approaches to the CII identification was carried out that gave a possibility to determine weaknesses and to formalize a scientific researches task. As a result, the unified data model was developed for formalizing the process of a list of CII objects forming in certain field and at the state level. Moreover, the specialized technique was developed. Besides, the identification method was proposed, and it gives a possibility to determine elements of CII field, mutual influences, and influence on functional operations of critical aviation information system. Furthermore, special software was developed and implemented that can be useful for CII elements identification and also for determining its influences on functional operations. Also, the basic aspects of cybersecurity ensuring for identified critical aviation information system were described in this chapter.
A New Colorful Pathway Chosen
Authors: Benna Umar Garba
Published: January 2019

In response to the rapid population growth and rapid urbanization, governments and entrepreneurs worldwide are spinning off many types of green, blue, and silver policies to generate urban growth or to reduce the effects of grey, brown, and black economies that have negative growth activities. Central to the emergence of these economies is digital technology that is contributing virtual and white economy to the list. This chapter explores the motives underpinning the emergence of these economies; the key policy actors and their main activities, policy tools, and strategies and growth outcomes at various levels. The chapter starts with a short introduction and develops a conceptual framework with which to analyze the trends policy-goals that shape the growth activities and the emerging growth patterns and consequences at the subnational, national, and supranational levels.
Green and Blue City-Regions
Authors: Garcia Blanca C. Cecilia
Published: January 2019

Water security has been defined as the capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water. Growing populations and the increasing trend of human migration from rural to urban environments is leading to an expansion of the metropolitan/urban landscape, which threatens water security. Mexican cities are following this worldwide trend. Hence, this chapter will seek to develop theoretical understanding of the smart cities (SCs) model to meet global challenges such as water security. Seemingly, SCs are expected to deploy adaptation strategies resilient enough to secure future water quotas. Hence, the core scope of the chapter is to link water resources and social resilience strategies to social learning and governance in cities, which in some cases are featured as green and blue cities in the smart city paradigm. This linkage will explore potentials and opportunities of urban spaces and strengthen the efficacy of water networks in smart cities in Mexico, Latin America, and other developing spaces around the world.
The Cross-Cultural Analysis of Australia and Russia
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Veretekhina Svetlana , Gavrilova Olga , Ioffe Anastasiia , Markosyan Svetlana , Chernyshenko Serge V.
Published: January 2019

The chapter examines the comparison of the cross-cultural analysis of the green country, Australia (NSW), and the northern country, Russia (Republic of Karelia). Based on the results of the analysis, it shows how a small business from Russia, Green Roofs, overcomes barriers in Australia through the application of blockchain technology. The authors hope that examples of development and thoughts about the driving sources of these transformations, chosen by taking into account the interests of the development of the Russian digital economy, can be interesting and useful for Russian enterprises, small businesses that have begun their digital transformations.
“Smart City”
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Vertakova Yulia , Treshchevsky Yuri , Firsova Natalya V. , Plotnikov Vladimir , Treshchevsky Dmitry Y.
Published: January 2019

The chapter proposes the correction of the concept of “smart city.” It is substantiated that the specificity of the redistribution of the population and economic resources to the major cities of Russia, mainly to regional centers, requires the modification of the concept of “smart city.” In accordance with this concept, a number of principles are proposed, among which the most important are the principles: integration, metabolism, architectural quality of the urban environment. The most important functional goals are defined: the creation of a new production structure, formation of a modern transport and logistics infrastructure, modernization of the road-street network, development and modernization of the rolling stock of urban transport, development and modernization of communal infrastructure, provision of safe and comfortable living conditions for citizens, improvement of the ecological condition of the urban district, improvement of the state of objects of cultural heritage and improvement of the urban district. Three levels are singled out, each of which requires solutions.
Emerging Trends and Opportunities for Industry Development at the Sub-National Level in Russia
Authors: Gamidullaeva Leyla A. , Merkulova Natalia S. , Kryachkova Ludmila I. , Kondratieva Zoya A. , Efimova Yulia A. , Matukin Sergey V.
Published: January 2019

The authors believe that the transition to Industry 4.0 will have a strong impact on the level of urbanization in Russia. The level of urbanization is influenced by many factors, which include the level of economic development of the country, migration of the population, natural and climatic conditions. The highest level of urbanization is typical for industrialized regions. This suggests that it is necessary to develop industry and move to Industry 4.0. The purpose of this chapter is to show the relationship between urbanization and Industry 4.0, as well as to increase the level of knowledge about digital production, the internet of things, the Industry 4.0, and urbanization. The chapter explains the role of Industry 4.0 in the current changing environment. The chapter deals with the most important problems and opportunities of the fourth industrial revolution.
Study of the Effect of Climate Changes on the Well Water Contamination by Some Heavy Metals at a Mining Extract Region in Marrakech City, Morocco
Authors: Barkouch Yassir , El Fadeli Sana , El Khadiri Mohyeddine , Melloul Abdelaziz Ait , Pineau Alain
Published: January 2019

Seasonal variation on chemical parameters of well water at Draa Lasfar region (Marrakech, Morocco) was studied. A total of 144 samples were collected between 2012 and 2013 and were analyzed for temperature (T°), pH, total hardness (TH), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrates, Cd, Pb, and Zn. Significant difference between seasons was observed for these parameters. Highest temperature (28.72±3.16) was recorded during summer. COD and Zn concentration was recorded maximum during summer (167.25±31.05 mg/l, 131.4±12.0 µg/l respectively). Highest nitrates (2.67±0.75 mg/l) concentrations were recorded during spring. Highest Pb (632.14±82.54 µg/l) and Cd (1.93±0.36 µg/l) concentrations were recorded during winter. Alternating seasons can be likened to small-scale climate change. Therefore, the impacts of this change on quality of water resources include particularly the modification of parameters values. The main drawn conclusion is that a degradation trend of well water quality in the context of climate change can lead to an increase of at-risk situations related to potential health impact.
Prostate Cancer and Environmental Exposure
Authors: El Hiba Omar , Laaradia Mehdi Ait , Azzaoui Fatima-Zahra , Brahim Malika Ait Sidi , Bitar Abdelali , Chatoui Hicham , Kiai Hajar , Rais Hanane , Sellami Souad , El Kherchi Ouassil
Published: January 2019

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the major cause of disease and mortality among men. Every year, around 1.6 million new cases are diagnosed with 366,000 death cases. Different etiologies have been associated to PC incidence including the genetic predisposition as well as the environmental influences. Recently, more interest has been given to the role of food and water contaminations with heavy metals and pesticides as direct carcinogenetic agents, particularly involved in the pathogenesis of PC. The chapter will address the relationship between heavy metals and pesticides exposures, and the development of PC with the support of epidemiological and experimental evidences.
Breast Cancer With Relevance for Heavy Metals, Mycotoxines, and Pesticides
Authors: Malika Ait Sidi Brahim , Hajar Kiai , Loubna Benidire , El Hiba Omar , Rachida Makbal , Leila Benidire , Souad Sellami , Hanane Rais S
Published: January 2019

Certain environmental contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins are presumed to play a crucial role in the etiology of breast cancer, which is the most common tumor in women worldwide. In fact, the exposure to heavy metals poses risk in causing human cancers. Several investigations indicated strong contribution of heavy metals especially copper, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, lead, and aluminum in breast cancer. Furthermore, it has been reported that the excessive use of pesticides in agriculture in order to improve the productivity contaminates food materials and can be responsible to induce breast cancer in women. It is also noted that some fungi produce several type of mycotoxins such us zearalenone, aflatoxin, and ochratoxin that are dangerous for human health and can especially cause breast cancer. Thus, the objective of this chapter is to discuss the experimental data regarding the involvement of heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins as well as the recent insights on the molecular mechanisms involved in the progress of breast cancer.
Environmental Aspects of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases Neuropathologies
Authors: Zouhairi Nadia , El Hiba Omar , Lahouaoui Hasna , Benammi Hind , Chatoui Hicham , El Got Abdeljalil , Aimrane Abdelmohcine , Bitar Abdelali , Kahime Kholoud , Draoui Ahmed , El Kherchi Ouassil , Hmyed Wafa Ait
Published: January 2019

This chapter presents a literature review on the effect of environmental changes factors exposure in the etiology of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The use of pesticides is more intense and somehow erratic as it aims to face climate change consequences like drought and water scarcity. The rural population is getting to be more vulnerable to have these neurodegenerative diseases. However, intense food production and economic models mean also the use of heavy metals in many stages as well during the production and the consumption processes and practices. Evidence from experimental studies shows that such heavy metals may also be a factor for the occurrence of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. At least, the environmental lifestyle and, likely, genetic factors, individually and collectively, play a significant role in the etiology of the diseases.
Neuropathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and Huntington's Disease
Authors: El Hiba Omar , Zouhairi Nadia , Chatoui Hicham , Balzano Tiziano , Benammi Hind , Isbaine Faical , Bitar Abdelali , Idrissi Hamid Rguibi , El Moudden Ismail , Marhoume Fatima Zahra , Gamrani Halima
Published: January 2019

Substantial epidemiological studies have established a link between environmental factors and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. Increasingly, some studies report a direct cause-and-effect relation between environmental agents such as heavy metals and pesticides, and some neurodegenerative disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS) and Huntington's disease (HD). Interestingly, high blood level of heavy metals and pesticides has been shown in patients with MS and HD. Those agents could be involved directly or indirectly in the pathogenesis of MS and HD. The underlying mechanisms may imply an immune breaking of self-tolerance or neurodegeneration onset of several neurotransmission systems. The chapter will discuss the role of different metals and pesticides in the onset and progress of MS and HD with an overview of the possible underlying pathomechanisms.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Disease and Environmental Risk Factors
Authors: Elgot Abdeljalil , Lahouaoui Hasna , El Kherchi Ouassil , Zouhairi Nadia
Published: January 2019

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects central and peripheral motor neuron cells leading to a severe muscle weakness. Until now, no efficient cures exist and those existing are limited. The ALS etiology remains obscure, although the relationship between genetic background and environmental insults including pesticides and heavy metals is well documented. These latter may play a major role in the onset of the ALS neurodegenerative process. Pesticides are known to have many benefits to mankind in the agricultural and industrial areas, but their toxicities in humans have always been a debatable issue. The pathophysiological mechanisms involve, among others, inflammation processes, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function impairments. The aim of this chapter was to examine the association between the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and exposure to pesticides and heavy metals.
Vector Borne Diseases and Climate Change
Authors: Kahime Kholoud , El Hidan Moulay Abdelmonaim , Sereno Denis , Lahouari Bounoua , Karmaoui Ahmed , Mansour Abdellaziz Ait , Zouhairi Nadia , Benammi Hind , Elkalay Khalid
Published: January 2019

The incidence of emergence diseases including vector borne diseases, water diseases, and some physiologic impairment is considered sensitive to climate. Malaria, leishmaniasis, dengue, and viral encephalitis are among those diseases most influenced by climate. Variation in the incidence of vector borne diseases is associated with extreme weather events and annual changes in weather conditions. Africa in general and Morocco in particular are designated as an area of significant impact by numerous the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports and notably susceptible to such drastic climate-related health consequences. Climatic parameter change would directly affect disease transmission by acting on the vector's geographic range, activity, or reproduction and by reduction the period of pathogen incubation. This chapter will discuss the increasing risk of some vector-borne diseases in hazard-prone localities. It further identifies the severe challenges both of health adaptation to climate change by highlighting Moroccan adaptive capacity to such crises.
Medical Image Segmentation and Analysis
Authors: Kashyap Ramgopal
Published: January 2019

An improved energy-based technique with a Lattice Boltzmann method organizes with the neighborhood and global energy terms, local term propels to pull the frame and constrain it to protest limit, decides noteworthy points of interest not confined to, snappy planning, automation, invariance of exact medical image segmentation, and analysis. Consequently, the worldwide vitality fitting term drives the advancement of the frame at a division of the question limit. The worldwide vitality term relies upon the worldwide division computation, which can better catch drive information of pictures than mixture area-based dynamic shape technique. Both neighborhood and worldwide terms are ordinarily acclimatized to construct a level set strategy to divide pictures with exactness. The level set technique with Boltzmann system uses neighborhood mean, a quality which engages it as far as possible. The proposed chapter gathers gainful purposes of intrigue not stuck just using expedient process, computerization, and right helpful picture partitions.
Heart Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Arjaria Siddhartha Kumar , Rathore Abhishek Singh
Published: January 2019

In the modern era of information technology, machine learning algorithms are used in different domains for boosting the quality of decision making. The correct decision making about the disease diagnosis is one of the applications where these approaches are applied successfully for assisting the doctors. Correct and timely diagnosis of disease is the primary requirement of effective treatment. Today, one of the most leading causes of death is heart disease. This chapter deals with the application of different machine learning algorithms for effective heart disease diagnosis. Diagnosis through the machine learning algorithms involves the three major steps, data preprocessing, feature selection, and classification. The chapter covers the experimental study of performance of SVM, ANN, logistic regression, random forest, KNN, AdaBoost, Naive Bayes, decision tree, SGD, CN2 rule inducer approaches.
Comparative Study of Various Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of Insomnia
Authors: Ahuja Ravinder , Vivek Vishal , Chandna Manika , Virmani Shivani , Banga Alisha
Published: January 2019

An early diagnosis of insomnia can prevent further medical aids such as anger issues, heart diseases, anxiety, depression, and hypertension. Fifteen machine learning algorithms have been applied and 14 leading factors have been taken into consideration for predicting insomnia. Seven performance parameters (accuracy, kappa, the true positive rate, false positive rate, precision, f-measure, and AUC) are used and for implementation. The authors have used python language. The support vector machine is giving higher performance out of all algorithms giving accuracy 91.6%, f-measure is 92.13, and kappa is 0.83. Further, SVM is applied on another dataset of 100 patients and giving accuracy 92%. In addition, an analysis of the variable importance of CART, C5.0, decision tree, random forest, adaptive boost, and XG boost is calculated. The analysis shows that insomnia primarily depends on the factors, which are the vision problem, mobility problem, and sleep disorder. This chapter mainly finds the usages and effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in Insomnia diseases prediction.
Despeckling Algorithms for Optical Coherence Tomography Images
Authors: Anoop B. N.  , Girish G. N. , Sudeep P. V.  , Rajan Jeny
Published: January 2019

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique widely used in ophthalmology. The presence of speckle affects the quality of OCT images. Despeckling is necessary to improve its visual quality, and it is an integral part of software packages used for the computerized analysis of OCT. Even though a few methods for despeckling OCT are available in the literature, a cross-comparison of their performance is not known to be available. In this chapter, the techniques available in the literature for despeckling the OCT images have been identified. The results of the despeckling algorithms are compared both qualitatively and quantitatively by concerning the noise suppression capability and feature preservation. Among the available techniques, iterative adaptive unbiased (IAUB) filter is found to be superior as far as its performance regarding despeckling on retinal OCT images.
Beyond Anne Frank
Authors: Radhakrishnan Ritu
Published: January 2019

This chapter addresses the ways in which aesthetic practices provide educators at all levels and across disciplines with practical tools for enhancing critical literacy in pursuit of responsible citizenship. Engaging with aesthetics allows students to create meaning-making experiences and explore their own thinking about a topic and provides students with an opportunity to create meaningful experiences to address social action. Sharing of these processes and creations is often less polarizing than dialogues or debates and allows for inclusion of students with multiple modalities and talents. This curricular approach is more than simply creating an arts-integrated curriculum. Students should be creating, critiquing, and engaging with various forms of aesthetics (e.g. visual, drama, dance, music, etc.).
Critical Literacy Through Administrative Eyes
Authors: Mann Amanda
Published: January 2019

This chapter speaks to the way educational leaders, specifically site principals, can support and guide teachers to implement critical literacy strategies into their classrooms. While literacy specifically relates to texts, it can also be identified as discourse as well. However, finding ways for administrators to encourage teachers to allow students the opportunity to develop the ability to express their critical analysis through conversations and presentations as well as through writing can be a challenge. Nonetheless, preparing students for critical literacy and critical discourse is an essential skill in the 21st century and beyond.
Research of Multichannel User Data to Identify the Degree of Similarity
Authors: Asmaryan Albert , Levanov Alexey , Borovik Irina
Published: January 2019

This chapter introduces the method to assess similarity based on Facebook Graph API and user movements. All movements of users are collected and analyzed. The chapter presents an additional method for analyzing user-generated images on Instagram Graph API. The chapter presents a two-step multiparameter algorithm that generates recommendations based on user social activity and movements. A flexible mechanism for the calculations of time that one spends on a variety of social activities to more accurately identify the relationships between users is presented. To reduce the load on the application, the algorithms of data analysis and transfer optimization are proposed. The ultimate result of the study is to build a platform based on the “client-server” model and includes a mobile app on the iOS platform and server, which would be set up on the “LAMP” platform (L - Linux operating system, A - Apache web server, M - MySQL database, P - PHP programming language). The given result can be used and applied in various spheres of our lives to identify different relationships between people.
Universal Software Radio Peripheral/GNU Radio-Based Implementation of a Software-Defined Radio Communication System
Authors: Sheybani Ehsan
Published: January 2019

Challenges involved in space communications across wireless channels call for new approaches to radio systems. Due to the growing need for frequency change in modern wireless systems, an adaptive radio system has the highest demand. Software-defined radios (SDR) offer this type of adaptivity as well as compatibility with other standard platforms such as USRP/GNU radio. Despite limitations of this approach due to hardware components, viable modeling and simulation as well as deployable systems are possible using this platform. This chapter presents a detailed implementation procedure for a USRP/GNU radio-based SDR communication system that can be used for practical experiments as well as an academic lab in this field. In this experiment the USRP has been configured to receive signal from a local radio station using the BasicRX model daughterboard. The programmable USRP executes Python block code implemented in the GNU Radio Companion (GRC) on Ubuntu OS.
Thinking eHealth
Authors: Lokshina Izabella V. , Bartolacci Michael R.
Published: January 2019

This chapter explains eHealth; discusses experiences, health management strategies, and healthcare models to address overweight and obesity in young population; and focuses on mathematical background of individual health status monitoring system to empower young people to manage their health. The proposed system uses symptoms observed with mobile sensing devices to define individual physical and psychological status. It has flexible logical inference system providing positive psychological influence on young people since full acceptance of recommendations towards healthy lifestyles is reached and correct interpretation is guaranteed. Models and algorithms are developed based on the composition inference rule in fuzzy logic that makes health status identification process faster and obtained results more precise and efficient comparing to traditional identification algorithms.
Study on Query-Based Information Extraction in IoT-Integrated Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sarode Prachi , Reshmi TR
Published: January 2019

The internet of things-integrated sensor nodes (IoT-WSN) is widely adopted in variety of applications such as fire detection, gas leakage detection in industry, earthquake detection, vibrating locations on flyover, weather monitoring, and many more wherein highest value is required in time to serve the abnormal areas with highest priority. The query-based information extraction has increased attention of many researchers working on increasing the network lifetime of the IoT-WSN. In resource-constraint IoT-WSN, executing the requests (in the form of queries) in time with minimum energy consumption is the main requirement and focus. The query processing at sink node in collaboration with neighboring nodes and then finding the top-k values for data aggregation is the most challenging job in IoT-WSN. This chapter investigates the various query-based approaches and improvements in the query data availability. The chapter also presents a comparative analysis that gives an idea of different aspects and applications of query-based schemes.