bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Assembly Sequence Planning (CASP) based on data analysis for On-site Installation Products
Authors: Vélez Pedro , Uribe Alejandro , Aristizabal Sergio , Osorio Gilberto
Published: October 2023

For the manufacture of significantly repetitive products that require assembly, different strategies have been proposed to improve times, the use of resources, and the reduction of associated costs. For this purpose, there are many documented methodologies that point to method and time studies, reduction of the number of components or the complexity of the assembly as the \acrfull{DFA}, sequence analysis with \acrfull{ASP}, Bourjault, and/or graphs, among others.In the case of products that require to be assembled at the site where they will operate, manufacturing in a fixed position, and of which several assemblies will be performed in different places, the execution of these has been done, almost always, in an intuitive way, that is, solving on the fly, starting from common sense and accumulating parts. The existing literature has limited information on the methods developed for assembly with these characteristics.This study presents a new methodology of sequence generation called \acrfull{CASP} for the on-site installation of a product in which, the criteria and knowledge of a group of engineers are considered, helping to identify the assembly operations, the sequences, the arrangement and allocation of resources and tasks for the development of the assembly.Additionally, this methodology is verified in a case study applied to a photovoltaic charging station, for which a feasible, effective, detailed, and structured assembly sequence was collaboratively generated for the assembly of such a product. The results show the applicability of the \Gls{CASP} methodology and suggest that it could be applied in other complex product assembly contexts requiring on-site assembly.
Development of a preliminary bionematicide formulation with Pochonia chlamydosporia and its effectiveness against Meloidogyne javanica on tomato
Authors: Imani Saeid , Moosavi Mohammad Reza , Zare Rasoul , Basirnia Tahere
Published: October 2023

Developing a bionematicide formulation was the aim of this experiment. We evaluated chlamydospore production of three Pochonia chlamydosporia strains on flaxseed and rice-husk, and their survival on talc, kaolin and maize-cobs-powder. The effect of each formulations in suppressing Meloidogyne javanica on tomato was investigated in greenhouse. The number of chlamydospores on flaxseed was about twice more than on rice husk for all strains. IRAN 1212C produced more chlamydospores with longer lifespan compared with the other strains. IRAN 1212C on maize-cobs-powder could control M. javanica by 95% that was similar to fluopyram. This formulation had a superior effect in establishing the fungus in the rizhosphere and on roots, suppressing the nematode and increasing plant growth. Three strains of the fungus reproduced well on flaxseed and could last longer if formulated on maize cobs powder. Therefore, maize cobs powder can be suitable base to produce on effective powdered bionematicide.
Coenzyme Q10 Loaded DQAsomes for Leigh Disease
Authors: ERGİN Ahmet Doğan , SEÇEN Erhan , UNER Burcu , ÇELİK Aybuke
Published: October 2023

Leigh syndrome (LS), a rare hereditary neurometabolic disorder caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, results from genetic mutations affecting the central nervous system. Endogenous bioactive antioxidant Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency is associated with LS and contributes to various clinical symptoms. Dequalinium chloride (DQA) is a bolalipid with mitochondria-targeting properties. This study aimed to develop CoQ10-loaded DQAsomes to enhance CoQ10 solubility and delivery to mitochondria for potential LS treatment. Human pluripotent cell lines (HPP) and MDCi007-A cells with NDUFV gene anomalies were utilized. DQAsomes were prepared using thin-film technique and characterized for size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and process efficiency. Drug release, dissolution, and cytotoxicity studies were performed. RT-PCR, ELISA, immunostaining, and Western blot analyses assessed pluripotency and gene expression changes and apoptosis induced by the formulations. DQAsomes exhibited sizes between 165.8-311.2 nm, with anionic zeta potential. Encapsulation efficiency ranged from 34.03–82.48%. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated improved viability with CoQ10-DQA compared to CoQ10-PBS. CoQ10-DQAsignificantly reduced the expression of pluripotency markers OCT3/4, SOX-2, and NANOG, potentially indicating reduced stemness. CoQ10-loaded DQAsomes present a promising strategy for addressing CoQ10 deficiency in LS. These DQAsomes enhance CoQ10 solubility and bioavailability while potentially modulating cellular pluripotency markers and mitochondrial gene expression.
Prediction of carbon peak in Tacheng, China, based on the LEAP model
Authors: Pengxiang Chen , Dongmei Peng , An Yan
Published: October 2023

As carbon emissions are the major cause of global warming, several researchers have focused on formulating regional emission reduction paths. This study measured the energy carbon emissions in Tacheng, Xinjiang, China, using the emission coefficient method. The long-range energy alternatives planning (LEAP) model was combined with the scenario analysis method to simulate the carbon emissions, predict the carbon peak time and carbon emission peak, and analyze the carbon peak realization path in Tacheng for 2021–2035. The results showed that the scheduled carbon peaking goal could be achieved only when emission reduction measures were jointly implemented in the energy-saving, green electricity, and industrial structure adjustment scenarios. Moreover, during the 14th Five-Year Plan, pressures will increase on energy consumption and carbon emission control. Further, pressures on the industry, service, and transportation sectors to reduce emissions were significantly greater than that on the agricultural and household sectors. The pressure of carbon peak in the agricultural sector was relatively small. Further, the average emission reduction potential of industrial, agricultural, service, household, and transportation sectors was 23.75%, 8.55%, 29.07%, 24.82%, and 13.82%, respectively. During the 14th Five-Year Plan, energy-saving and emission reduction measures should be employed in the industrial and service sectors. The average emission reduction potentials of coal, oil, and gas as energy sources indicated that reducing coal consumption and increasing the energy efficiency are key carbon peaking measures in Tacheng. Based on the results, several suggestions were proposed to reach the carbon peak and neutrality goals in Tacheng possibly countries as well.
Motor function and treatment satisfaction in adult patients with 5q-spinal muscular atrophy treated with risdiplam: real-world experience from a single neuromuscular center in Germany
Authors: Bjelica Bogdan , Wohnrade Camilla , Cespedes Iraima , Osmanovic Alma , Schreiber-Katz Olivia , Petri Susanne
Published: October 2023

Background
To date, there are only two previous reports on motor function during risdiplam therapy in adult patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in a real-world setting, each comprising six patients with SMA type 2. We aimed to describe the experience of a single neuromuscular center in Germany in treating adult SMA patients with risdiplam and to analyze motor function and treatment satisfaction during a follow-up period up to 20 months.
Methods
Fourteen patients with type 2 or 3 SMA (seven with SMA type 2, six with SMA type 3; age range: 18–51) were included. The Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM) and the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) were recorded at baseline and at follow-up (month 4, 8, 12, 16, 20). Treatment adverse events were collected at every follow-up visit. Patients’ treatment satisfaction was assessed by the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM).
Results
No significant differences were detected between mean HFMSE and RULM scores obtained at baseline and during risdiplam treatment (p > 0.05). Based on the HFMSE score, no patients had clinically meaningful improvement. Twelve remained stable (92.3%), two showed transient clinically meaningful deterioration (15.4%) and one experienced lasting clinically meaningful deterioration (7.7%). Based on the RULM scores, seven patients were either stable or demonstrated clinically meaningful improvement (53.8%) and six showed clinically meaningful deterioration (46.2%). There was no treatment withdrawal during the follow-up. The most common adverse events were skin rash/increased skin sensitivity to sunlight (n = 3), diarrhea (n = 3), aphthous ulcer (n = 3) and abdominal pain (n = 2). Most patients stated to be at least “satisfied” with the medication.
Conclusions
Risdiplam was well tolerated. Half of the patients remained stable or improved after risdiplam initiation. Larger and multicentric studies are needed to better understand the long-term effects of risdiplam in adult SMA.
Expansive haematoma following buccal fat pad reduction: An unusual case report
Authors: Santos José Wittor de Macêdo , Júnior Otacílio Luiz Chagas , Muniz Franciso Wilker Mustafa Gomes
Published: October 2023

The buccal fat pad, an intricate anatomical structure, can be used to manage minor to moderate oral defects and, by your removal, address parafunctional habits leading to intraoral trauma. It also serves aesthetic purposes through reduction. Buccal fat pad reduction is typically a swift, safe procedure with a low complication rate. This report aims to illuminate an unusual case involving a later expansive hematoma following buccal fat pad reduction surgery. This complication posed a potential airway threat and led to severe trismus. Notably, our team effectively managed these issues using minimally invasive methods such as drainage, compression, and medication. This case serves as a vital reminder that late bleeding and expansive hematoma formation are possible outcomes, even when performed by a skilled surgeon. This case also highlights the feasibility of treating substantial hematomas originating from veins without the need for invasive procedures. This report underscores the importance of vigilance in these cases to ensure patient safety.
Clinical, Ultrasound and Anatomopathological Concordance of Thyroid Nodules in Kinshasa: A Cross-sectional study
Authors: Kumbu Jacques Mbizi , Nkodila Aliocha Natuhoyila , Kuzeye Jules Nakafwako , Minouche Cynthia Bokumba , Molua Antoine Aundu , Mbongo Angel Tanzia , Bisuta Serge Fueza , Lessenge Jacquie Bonsuani , Kisile Olive Mikwo , Sitwaminya Renault , Beya Francois Kabongo , Ali Cathy Risasi , Nsadi Berthier Fwene , Mbaya Malik Kayembe , Mpa Olivier Nzankulu , Omba Alain Wembolwa , Tsasa Erick Mbuku , Tsongo Sosthene Vululi , Kiabaka Honoré Yambula , Makelele Raoul Vindu , Lelo Michel Tshikwela , Mukaya Jean Tshibola
Published: October 2023

Background: The European Thyroid Association Thyroid Imaging Data and Reporting Systems (EU-TIRADS) is widely used in the risk stratification of thyroid nodule malignancy. However, data on the subject in Sub-Saharan Africa are limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical, sonographic and histopathological concordance of thyroid nodules in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
Methods: this was an analytical cross-sectional study that examined the clinical, ultrasound and pathological data of 61 patients from 4 hospitals in the city province of Kinshasa over a period of 24 months, from June 01, 2020 to May 31, 2022.
Results: Of the 61 patients, their mean age was 47.38 ± 8.8 years. The mean clinical score of the patients was 3.4 ± 0.84 with the extremes ranging from 1 to 5. The majority of the patients were classified as having an intermediate risk, ie 85.2% of the cases. It was noted that 41% of the nodules had a high risk according to the EU-TIRADS score and 8.2% of the nodules were malignant after histopathological analysis. The ROC curves reported at the diagnosis of malignancy show an area under the curve of 0.709 with 95% CI (0.486-0.931), a Youden index of 0.769 for the clinical score, and an area under the curve of 0.830 with 95% CI (0.605-0.995), a Youden index of 0.772 for the EU-TIRADS score.
Conclusion: In a low-income country, a well-performed thyroid ultrasound and the well-applied clinical score could be an important tool in the selection of thyroid nodules suspected of malignancy and requiring histopathological examination to avoid excessive acts in the patient.
O-GlcNAcylation of MITF regulates its activity and CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Zhu Wenge , ZHANG YI , Zhou Shuyan , Kai Yan , Zhang Ya-Qin , Peng Changmin , Li Zhuqing , mughal Muhammad , Ma Junfeng , Li Shunqiang , Ma Cynthia , Shen Min , Hall Matthew
Published: October 2023

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) play a pivotal role in cell cycle and cancer development. Targeting CDK4/6 has demonstrated promising effects against breast cancer. However, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i), such as palbociclib, remains a substantial challenge in clinical settings. Using high-throughput combinatorial drug screening and genomic sequencing, we found that the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is activated via O-GlcNAcylation by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in palbociclib-resistant breast cancer cells and tumors; O-GlcNAcylation of MITF at Serine 49 enhanced its interaction with importin α/β, thus promoting its translocation to nuclei, where it suppressed palbociclib-induced senescence; inhibition of MITF or its O-GlcNAcylation re-sensitized resistant cells to palbociclib. Remarkably, clinical studies confirmed the activation of MITF in tumors from patients who are palbociclib-resistant or undergoing palbociclib treatment. Collectively, our studies shed light on a novel mechanism regulating palbociclib-resistance, and present clinical evidence for developing therapeutic approaches to treat CDK4/6i-resistant breast cancer patients.
Significance: This work not only identifies a novel mechanism regulating MITF activity and resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer cells, but also provides clinical evidence supporting the development of therapeutic approaches to treat CDK4/6i resistant breast cancer patients by targeting MITF.
A nanoporous capacitive electrochemical ratchet for continuous ion separations
Authors: Segev Gideon , Kautz Rylan , Herman Alon , Heffernan Ethan , Muñetón Camila , Larson David , III Joel Ager , Toma Francesca Maria , Ardo Shane
Published: October 2023

Directed ion transport in liquid electrolyte solutions underlies many phenomena in Nature and industry. While Nature has devised structures that drive continuous ion flow without Faradaic redox reactions, artificial analogs do not exist. Here we report the first demonstration of an ion pump that drives aqueous ions against a force using a capacitive ratchet mechanism that does not require redox reactions. Modulation of an electric potential between gold thin films on either face of a nanoporous alumina wafer immersed in solution resulted in persistent voltages and ionic currents indicative of directional ion pumping. This occurs due to the non-linear capacitive nature of electric double layers, whose repeated charging and discharging sustains a continuous ion flux. The generated ionic power was used in conjunction with an additional shunt pathway to demonstrate electrolyte demixing. These ratchet-based ion pumps can potentially enable continuous desalination and selective ion separation using a modular, electrically powered device with no moving parts.
Modular Industrial Robot Suitable for Various Scenarios
Authors: Wei Jiawei , Pan Yuzhen , Liu Caitian , Khan Rezwan Al Islam , Zhang Chenyun , Chen Xiong
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a novel multi-scenario industrial robot designed to execute various activities, such as sorting, grasping, and transportation. Embracing a modular design philosophy, we design this robot with two types of robotic arms, three chassis options, and two motion systems, enabling the automatic transition among different operational modes and various work scenarios. Kinematic and dynamic models have been developed to achieve precise control over the movements of both the chassis and robotic arms, with control accuracy analyzed based on prototype parameters. The robot's performance accuracy and task completion have been evaluated through simulation assessments and physical tests, considering the physical parameters of different module combinations. The results demonstrate that, across various configurations, the robot attains an average control accuracy of 1.018 millimeters and achieves a task completion rate of 97.7% in simulated scenarios, underscoring its exceptional precision in control and dynamics. These findings are further substantiated through numerical experiments. This novel multi-scenario industrial robot presents a promising advancement in automation technology, potentially enhancing a wide range of industrial applications by offering high-precision, versatile capabilities in diverse work environments.
Software Fault Prediction Using Combinations of Code Smells, Code Metrics, and Code Smell Metrics With Ensemble and Deep Learning
Authors: Khan Tamim Ahmed , Ashraf Muzalfa
Published: October 2023

Code smells are the structural characteristics of the software under development that indicate poor code choices and can cause errors or failures in the software and they can degrade the software maintenance and evolution processes. Software fault prediction (SFP) helps predict the probability of the existence of software faults utilizing code characteristics and metrics. Code smells-based datasets are based on a variety of code measures such as information about the presence of certain code smells or a combination of code smells with code metrics and code smell metrics with code metrics. We investigate the effectiveness and usefulness of these different combinations for performance evaluation and improvement of SFP models. We label the unlabeled datasets using clustering and pseudo-labeling techniques. We implement models considering ensemble methods and deep learning algorithms and compare performance. We use k-fold cross-validation and our results outperform existing benchmark studies. We conclude that code smells-based software defect prediction has optimal accuracy and precision.
Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy and Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Adrenal Insufficiency Patients: A Case Series Study
Authors: Kanazawa Ken , Hijikata Mai , Koga Shinichiro , Kuwabara Koichiro
Published: October 2023

Background
Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a hormonal disorder characterized by insufficient glucocorticoid production. Nocturnal hypoglycemia (NH) occurs in patients with AI. However, the relationship between AI and NH remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between AI and NH by evaluating the impact of glucocorticoid replacement therapy (GCRT) on NH in patients newly diagnosed with AI.
Methods
This case series was conducted between October 2018 and December 2022 at the Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology of the Tokyo Rosai Hospital, Japan. In total, 15 patients aged ≥ 18 years with newly diagnosed AI or NH were included in this study. The NH frequency was measured using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). The primary outcome was the change in NH frequency before and after the GCRT intervention.
Results
GCRT significantly decreased NH frequency. Severe NH (SNH) frequency and minimum nocturnal glucose levels changed significantly while fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels did not change significantly. GCRT intervention improved CGM profiles’ time below range, time in range, and average daily risk range.
Conclusions
This case series suggests that GCRT can help newly diagnosed patients with AI manage NH. These findings show that CGM can determine the optimal GCRT dosage and prevent SNH. Our findings improve patient’s quality of life by enhancing AI-NH comprehension and treatment strategies. Further large multicenter studies should validate these findings and delve deeper into the mechanistic link between AI and NH.
Trial registration:
retrospectively registered
Thermal expansion of monoclinic KYbxY1-x(WO4)2 laser crystals
Authors: Yumashev K. V. , Trusova E. E. , Guretskii S. A. , Karpinsky D. V. , Trukhanova K. L. , Hertsova A. V. , Malyarevich A. M.
Published: October 2023

Potassium-yttrium tungstate single crystals KYbxY1-x(WO4)2 of high structural quality are grown by the modified Czochralski method. The crystals were grown using so-called dynamic growth regime, optimal temperature gradients at the crystallisation front were determined. The thermal expansion coefficients of KYbxY1-x(WO4)2 in the directions of the optical indicatrix axes Np, Nm and Ng are determined using the dilatometric technique. The dependence of thermal expansion coefficients on the temperature in the range of 330–573 K and ytterbium content x from 0 to 1.0 is discussed.
Prevalence of Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ismail Muhammad Shamill Shamsul , Wahab Norasyikin A. , Hod Rozita , Hassan Hamat Hamdi Che , Md Rabizah
Published: October 2023

Background
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.
Methods
A single-center cross-sectional study involving 85 STEMI patients was conducted at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Mukhriz (HCTM). The HbA1c and FBS were taken in all patients within 24 hours of admission. A coronary angiogram was performed immediately or within 5 days of the event and the severity of the finding was calculated by using syntax score.
Results
Of the 85 patients, 56.6% (48) had diabetes of which 34.1% (29) had known cases of T2DM and 22.4% (19) is a newly diagnosed diabetes by using HbA1c criteria > 6.5%. There was no significant difference between HbA1c and fasting insulin levels with CAD severity. The incidence of MACE at 1-month follow-up was not different between T2DM and non-diabetes patients. Male patients of Malay ethnicity and those with dyslipidemia and hypertension were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM among STEMI patients.
Conclusions
The prevalence of newly diagnosed T2DM at the onset of STEMI was 22.4%. The HbA1c was an effective tool in detecting diabetes among STEMI patients.
The perception of the Brazil plane (2 0 0) in M-type Cu1−xNaxO1 Nanocrystallite due to Na atom/ions doping derives Pyroelectricity application
Authors: Samaje Vishal , Kambhala Nagaiah , S Manikandan A , Thiyagaraj S
Published: October 2023

The hydrothermal approach was carried out to make sodium doped (atom wt. % 0.05, 0.15, 0.25) copper II oxide Nanocrystallite. The one-dimensional twinning/Brazil (2 0 0) plane in the direction of {1 1 0} has been identified in CuO Nanocrystallite space group (C2/c). The visibility of sharp intense peak appears at 19.09o (2-Theta) in powder X-ray diffraction pattern. The Monoclinic crystal structure of CuO provides the same Wyckoff site to Na atom/ions and hence the Na atom achieved the solubility limits up to 0.05 to 0.15 atomic weight percentage. The mean crystalline size has been determined using Scherer’s formula and the size range is in between 22 to 25 nm. From EDX analysis the atomic percentage of Cu decreases as doping (Na) concentration rises has been confirm, and it reveals that the Cu atoms have partially provide its Wyckoff site to Na atom / ions counterparts as content up to the certain limit. According to the optical observations, increasing the Na doping level causes an expansion of the energy band gap. SEM images confirm the rice grain nanostructure of the material.
A novel method of modified multi-wall carbon nanotube extraction and GC-MS analysis used for the detection of PAHs in oilseed and oil
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Wei Jia , Yao Weiqin , Wang Meng , Shu Shengyuan , Wu Bin , Wang Jingjing
Published: October 2023

In the present research, a novel method that combines a modified dispersion solid phase extraction (d-SPE) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was developed and utilized to detect 16 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in oilseed and oil samples. The modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2-MWCNTs) were prepared as d-SPE adsorbents for target analytes in the high-fat samples matrices. Compared with the traditional approach, this method can significantly shorten the pre-treatment time and reduce the use of organic solvents, making the whole process more green, environmentally friendly and sustainable practices. Several critical parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated. These parameters encompassing the amount of sorbent, the type and volume of extraction solvent, desorption solution, and the time of extraction and desorption stage. Under optimal conditions, the method was validated extracting within the range of 1-200 µg/kg, and showed satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), acceptable recovery (70.08–104.6%) and precision (0.59–9.22%). The limits of detection were in the range of 0.04–0.42 µg/kg for all analytes. These results consistently indicate the suitability of this approach for detecting diverse PAHs in actual complex sample with the high-fat matrices.
Detection of Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria on Patient Medical File Surfaces in Critical Care Units at a National Referral Hospital in Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kyamulabi Margaret , Izudi Jonathan , Mujugira Andrew , Okoboi Stephen
Published: October 2023

Background
Antimicrobial resistance threatens the effective prevention and treatment of various infections. We examined the prevalence and factors associated with multi-drug-resistant bacteria on patient medical file surfaces at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 33 randomly sampled patient medical files from which data were extracted using a chart abstraction tool. Biological samples from file surfaces were collected and examined for the presence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Logistic regression modeling was used to analyse the data. We conducted five key informant interviews with nurses in charge of intensive care units (ICU) and high-dependency units (HDU) and analyzed qualitative data thematically.
Results
The prevalence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria on patient file surfaces was 18.2%. Patients who stayed 11–15 days in hospital (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.62, 95% CI: 1.06–2.49), were treated for cardiac failure [aOR] 2.15, 95% CI: 1.10–4.18), received treatment with aminoglycosides (aOR 1.77,95% CI:1.14–2.76), glycopeptides (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.11–3.31), or colistin (aOR 1.86, 95% CI: 1.06–3.26), had invasive procedures (aOR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.20–2.34) or files stored at the bedside (aOR 2.40, 95% CI: 1.01–5.70) were more likely to have multi-drug-resistant bacteria on file surfaces. Nurses in charge of ICU/HDU were knowledgeable regarding infection control practices; however, they encountered challenges in implementing and improving adherence to infection prevention and control (IPC) practices.
Conclusions
Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria were prevalent on the surfaces of patient medical files in Kampala, Uganda. Effective implementation of IPC measures is required to reduce multi-drug-resistant nosocomial infections in the ICU/HDU.
Grey and white matter abnormalities in children with type 2 and 3 SMA: A morphological assessment
Authors: Shen Wanqing , Yan Zi , Su Shu , Zhou Qin , Zou Mengsha , Li Jiaping , Yang Zhiyun , Tang Wen , Liang Yujian , Chen Yingqian
Published: October 2023

Aim
This study investigated the changes in brain gray and white matter structure in SMA patients and their correlation with the severity of the disease.
Method
A total of 43 SMA patients (including 22 type II and 21 type III SMA patients) and 37 healthy controls were evaluated by MRI. The grey matter volume, grey matter thickness, grey matter surface area, and white matter volume of designated brain regions automatically segmented by FreeSurfer, were compared. We evaluate clinical characteristics of SMA and study the correlation between clinical characteristics and structural changes.
Results
SMA showed significant bilateral cortical superficial area loss in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes and global white matter volume decreases. Moreover, these patients were also found with an increased mean thickness of entire brain and right grey matter. An increased right postcentral gyrus superficial area, right central sulcus volume, and white matter volume of the right postcentral were associated with higher HFMSE scores.
Interpretation:
Type 2 and 3 children SMA had extensive, multifocal, symmetrical gray and white matter alterations. Postcentral gyrus degeneration of SMA was associated with the severity of muscular atrophy. The lack of SMN protein possibly interacted with cerebellar structural changes in somatosensory areas.
Inertial Measurement Units to evaluate the efficacity of Equino Varus Foot surgery in post stroke hemiparetic patients
Authors: de l'Escalopier Nicolas , Voisard Cyril , Jung Sylvain , Michaud Mona , Moreau Albane , Vayatis Nicolas , Denormandie Philippe , Verrando Alix , Verdaguer Claire , Moussu Alain , Jequier Aliénor , Duret Christophe , Mailhan Laurence , Gatin Laure , Oudre Laurent , Ricard Damien
Published: October 2023

Introduction
This study evaluates the gait analysis obtained by IMU before and after surgical management of Spastic Equino Varus Foot in hemiplegic post-stroke patients and to compare it with the functional results obtained in a monocentric prospective cohort.
Methods
Patients with post-stroke equinovarus foot, who underwent surgery in a single hospital between November 2019 and December 2021 were included. The follow-up duration was 6 months and included a functional analysis using Goal Atteinment Scale and a Gait analysis using an innovative Multidimensional Gait Evaluation using IMU: the semiogram.
Results
20 patients had a gait analysis preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. 90% (18/20) patients had a functional improvement and 50% (10/20) had an improvement in walking technique as evidenced by the cessation of the use of a walking aid. Considering the semiogram, the measurement of the area weighted by average speed demonstrated very good reproducibility (ICC(1, 3) = 0.80). In the group with a positive functional outcome (GAS T score ≥ 50), the change in the area was + 9.5%, sd = 27.5% for the group with modification of walking aid, and + 15.4%, sd = 28% in the group without change of walking aid. For the 3 experiences (two patients) with unfavorable results, the area under the curve changed by + 2.3%, -10.2% and − 9.5%.
Discussion
IMUs appear to be a promising solution for the assessment of post-stroke hemiplegic patients who have undergone SEVF surgery. They can provide a quantified, objective, reliable in individual longitudinal follow up automated gait analysis solution for routine clinical use. Combined with a functional scale such as the GAS, they can provide a global analysis of the effect of surgery.
Ecotypic variation in multiple traits of European beech – selection of suitable provenances based on performance and stability
Authors: Liepe Katharina J. , Maaten Ernst van der , Maaten-Theunissen Marieke van der , Kormann Jonathan M. , Wolf Heino , Liesebach Mirko
Published: October 2023

Promoted by changes in forest management, the proportion of European beech is increasing in Central Europe, but its climatic stability is questioned by the recent loss of vitality. In this regard, the evaluation of seed sources used for reforestation receives great attention. Here, we present a multi-trait evaluation of height, basal area and stem quality assessed over 25 years for 85 provenances grown at three sites in northern, western and eastern Germany. Considerable provenance differentiation exists, explaining 21% (proportion of trees with acceptable stem form) to 45% (basal area) of the variance on single sites and 20 to 39% across sites, while provenance by environment interactions are absent. On the landscape level, this results in distinct patterns with spatially adjacent provenances showing a similar trait expression. These patterns are highly similar for height and basal area, but divergent for stem form. They could be directly linked to geographic variables with multivariate regression tree analysis that captured 58% of the phenotypic variation, delineating eleven ‘ecotypes’ shaped by local adaptation. A selection based on two multi-trait indices gives highly concordant results. Particularly, the intermediate elevations of the central highlands in Western Germany host highly suitable provenances. Lower elevation provenances from continental climates in the south-east profit from the transfer to favorable growing conditions. Since the majority of provenances was already exposed to elevated temperatures compared to their origin during the observation period, this study gives a first indication for the potential benefits of assisted migration facing climate change.
Using Total Body Score and Percentage Mass Change to Measure the Impact of Body Size on Decomposition Rate in Juvenile Sus Scrofa Remains
Authors: Tynan P. , Aris C. , Rattenbury A. E.
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between the body size of a cadaver and the rate of decomposition, specifically focusing on juvenile remains. The research sought to address the lack of comprehensive studies on how juvenile-sized cadavers decompose compared to adults, which has direct relevance to forensic science and crime statistics involving juvenile victims.MethodsThe study utilized pig cadavers representing two size groups, with regular monitoring of total body score (TBS) and percentage mass change (PMC) over an 18-week period. To ensure the reliability of the TBS system, three independent observers assessed the cadavers.ResultsFindings revealed that larger cadavers, ranging (12.3–16.1 kilograms), decomposed more rapidly during the initial stages of decomposition. However, smaller cadavers, weighing between (6.6–7.1 kilograms), consistently exhibited accelerated decomposition rates compared to larger cadavers from weeks four to twelve when assessed using TBS. Importantly, the inter-rater evaluation of the TBS system demonstrated a high inter-rater reliability.ConclusionThis study addresses a critical gap in forensic science research by shedding light on the decomposition patterns of juvenile-sized remains. The findings have significant implications for crime statistics, particularly in cases involving juvenile victims, where a comprehensive understanding of decomposition rates can aid investigations. Given the high rates of unsolved cases involving juvenile victims, this research underscores the need for further studies in this specific area, particularly within a UK context. Such research can potentially lead to more effective crime-solving strategies and contribute to improving the handling of juvenile remains in forensic investigations.
Molecular detection, serology, and associated risk factors of newcastle disease in chicken at JUCAVM and seka chokorsa town veterinary clinics,Oromia region, southwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Haregawi , Deneke Yosef , Mohammed Nazif , Arega Bezina , Tukiye Shemelis , Shumi Eshetu , Kasa Amanawit , Mokonnen Melkamu , Abdisa Sagni
Published: October 2023

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious and devastating viral disease of domestic and wild birds. A better knowledge of the disease and the ability to make evidence-based prevention and control methods are very substantial. Therefore the research was planned to determine the molecular and serological detection as well as associated risk factors of Newcastle disease in chickens at JUCAVM and Seka Chokorsa town veterinary clinics. A cross sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to September 2022 on clinically suspected chickens of Newcastle disease virus.Ninety Seven (97) tracheal swabs and 83 cloacal swabs, and from the same chicken 180 sera were also collected. Swabs and sera were tested using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction ( RTPCR) and competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (cELISA) technique respectively. Of the 180 swab samples,14(7.8%) [95%CI=(4.69–12.63)%] of the chicken tested positive by RTPCR.It was performed using a specific primer corresponding to the Fusion (F) gene. The competitive Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (cELISA) result confirmed that 51(28.3%)[95% CI=(22.26–35.32%)]. Binary logistic regression analysis was used for the different risk factors. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) among risk factors of sex ([AOR = 2.1,95% CI(1.3–4.3)] and contact with other flocks[AOR = 7,95% CI(1.9–62)] in the RTPCR test.However,sex[AOR = 2.3,95% CI(1.1–4.8)],age ([AOR = 2.4,95%CI=(1.1-5.0)],contact with other flock[AOR = 2.3,95% CI(1.2–5.8)],contact with wild bird [AOR = 9.7,95% CI(1.2–81)],disposal chicken of carcass[AOR = 9,95% CI(1.1–73)],cleaning house[AOR = 1.3; 95% CI: (1.3–3.4)] and isolation of sick chicken [AOR = 6.5,95% CI(1.4–32)] showed statistically significant on cELISA test.The current study provides important information on the presence of the virus in the study areas. Hence further research should be conducted with a pathotyping of the Newcastle disease virus and awareness of owners on management should be practiced.
Correlation of Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients of Diabetic Retinopathy. – A Prospective Cross Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India.
Authors: BEHERA BISWOJIT , Kar Ayaskanta , Panda Jayant Kumar
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND – Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is most common microvascular complication in Diabetes patients. Increased VEGF production in retina of diabetic patient causes neovascular proliferation which extended to vitreous causing Vitreous Bleeding , fibrosis and retinal detachment leading to loss of vision. Systemic prolactin enters to the eye by prolactin receptor and proteolyzed into vasoinhibin which have anti-angiogenesis property by inhibiting Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) , Protect against DR. This study aims to correlate the level of serum prolactin in DR patients.
METHODS – Serum prolactin was evaluated in 50 non-diabetic and 100 diabetic patients at various stage of DR at SCB Medical college and Hospital ,Cuttack from 2019-2020.
RESULTS – The serum prolactin is higher in patients of Diabetes without DR compared to both control non-diabetic and Diabetes with DR.
CONCLUSION - Higher serum prolactin level in Diabetes patients protect against DR after conversion into Vasoinhibin in Retina . Thus inducing hyperprolactinemia may act as a novel therapy against DR.
A validated web-application (GFDC) for automatic classification of glaucomatous visual field defects using Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria
Authors: Thirunavukarasu Arun , Jain Nikhil , Sanghera Rohan , Lattuada Federico , Mahmood Shathar , Economou Anna , Yu Helmut , Bourne Rupert
Published: October 2023

Subjectivity and ambiguity of visual field classification limits the accuracy and reliability of glaucoma diagnosis, prognostication, and management decisions. Standardised rules for classifying glaucomatous visual field defects exist, but these are labour-intensive and therefore impractical for day-to-day clinical work. Here a web-application (GFDC) for automatic application of Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson is presented and validated in a cross-sectional study. GFDC exhibits perfect accuracy in classifying mild, moderate, and severe glaucomatous field defects.
Relationship Between Religiosity, Spiritual Intelligence, Meaningfulness, and Satisfaction with Life on Nomophobia among University Students in Ghana
Authors: Otabil Nana Kow Siripi , Ntiamoah Michael Kwadwo , Essel Harry barton , Nunoo Kofi Nimo , Essuman Michael Ato , Hamza Alhassan , Amankwa Joy Seko Abra ,   Margret Makafui Tayviah1
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Nomophobia and explore its connections with demographic variables and Religiosity, Spiritual Intelligence, Meaningfulness, and Satisfaction with Life, among undergraduate students in Ghana. The study employed a web-based cross-sectional survey design, encompassingn = 596university students in Ghana. The results of this study demonstrated a significant negative nexus between students' Nomophobia, Religiosity, Spiritual Intelligence, and Meaningfulness (p < .05). Satisfaction with Life exhibited a positive correlation with Nomophobia. Furthermore, all the predictors collectively accounted for 76.6% of the total variance in Nomophobia, highlighting their substantial influence. Religion emerged as the most significant variable associated with Nomophobia. The study implies that promoting Religiosity, Spiritual Intelligence, and Meaningfulness can reduce Nomophobia in Ghanaian university students. It also stresses the importance of boosting overall student satisfaction and incorporating religious and spiritual aspects in Nomophobia interventions.
Climate-ready Landscape Plants: Garden Roses Trialed at Reduced Irrigation Frequency in Utah, USA
Authors: Chen Ji-Jhong , Sun Youping , Oki Lorence R. , Sisneroz Jared A. , Reid Karrie , Nackley Lloyd L. , Contreras Ryan N. , Kim Soo-Hyung , Schuch Ursula K. , Haver Darren L. , Stuke Miro , Fron Allison , Kopp Kelly , Jones Scott B. , Hipps Lawrence
Published: October 2023

Increased urban and suburban populations in the arid western United States have resulted in more water demand; however, water availability in the region has become limited because of inadequate precipitation. Recent droughts have led to restrictions on irrigating landscape plants. Garden rose (Rosa ×hybrida) is commonly used as flowering plants in residential landscapes, but its drought tolerance has not been widely studied. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of reduced irrigation frequency on visual quality, plant growth, and physiology of five garden rose cultivars, including ChewPatout (Oso Easy® Urban Legend®), Meibenbino (Petite Knock Out®), MEIRIFTDAY (Oso Easy® Double Pink), Overedclimb (Cherry Frost™), and Radbeauty (Sitting Pretty™). Twenty-four plants of each rose cultivar were established in a trial plot at Utah Agricultural Experiment Station Greenville Research Farm (North Logan, UT, USA) in Summer 2021. Plants were randomly assigned to one of three deficit irrigation treatments for which irrigation frequencies were calculated using 80% reference evapotranspiration (ETO) (high), 50% ETO (medium), and 20% ETO (low). The total volumes of irrigation water applied to each plant were 345.6, 172.8, and 43.2 L for the high, medium, and low irrigation frequencies, respectively, during the deficit irrigation trial from 12 May to 30 Sep 2022. Root zones were wetted more frequently as irrigation frequency increased from low to high irrigation frequencies. Decreased irrigation frequency increased the number of visibly wilted and damaged leaves on all rose cultivars. However, only ‘Meibenbino’ and ‘MEIRIFTDAY’ exhibited a reduction in overall appearance under decreased irrigation frequency. The relative growth indices of both ‘Meibenbino’ and ‘MEIRIFTDAY’ decreased by 6%, whereas the dry weights of their leaves decreased by 37% and 36%, respectively, as irrigation decreased from high to low frequencies. Roses in this study appeared to decrease stomatal conductance up to 51% when irrigation decreased from high to low frequencies, or when air temperature increased. ‘Meibenbino’ and ‘MEIRIFTDAY’ exhibited unacceptable overall appearance, growth reduction, and higher leaf–air temperature differences, and they were less tolerant to reduced irrigation. Although the ‘Radbeauty’ maintained plant growth under the reduced irrigation frequency, the large leaf size led to a more visibly wilted appearance and the potential for heat stress, thus impairing visual quality. ‘ChewPatout’ and ‘Overedclimb’ were most tolerant to deficit irrigation at 20% ETO and maintained plant growth with acceptable visual quality and lower leaf temperatures when they received one irrigation during the growing season.
Determining the fatty acids, polar and non-polar volatile organic compounds of the veterinary preparation “Trametin Plus”
Authors: Chkhenkeli V. A. , Chkhenkeli G. D. , Nikonova A. A. , Gorshkov A. G.
Published: October 2023

For the prevention and treatment of associated gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of growing stock, a new veterinary preparation “Trametin Plus” is proposed. This drug is obtained from fungi-xylotrophs using biotechnology methods. The properties of such preparations depend on bioactive substances included in their composition.

Available publications present miscellaneous information on the lipogenesis features and fatty acids composition synthesized by wood-destroying fungi. In this work, we study the qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids and analyze volatile polar and non-polar organic compounds of “Trametin Plus”. The total concentration of fatty acids was found to be 70 µg/g, with 50.0% being free acids and 50.0% being their esters. Squalene was established to be the most dominant non-polar volatile component. Concerning the minor non-polar volatile components of “Trametin Plus”, these are amino acids with a low molecular weight, such as glycine, arginine and β-alanine. The analysis confirms the multicomponent composition of the preparation, which accounts for its diverse biological properties, namely antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and immune-boosting activity. These properties determine the high health-promoting efficacy of the studied veterinary preparation.
Cell culture of Scorzonera hispanica L., strain SFR-SH1. Major secondary metabolites
Authors: Semenov A. A. , Enikeev A. G.
Published: October 2023

Plant cell cultures are widely used in the world pharmaceutical industry as a raw material for the production of biologically active compounds. Their certain advantages, such as independence from seasonal conditions, diseases and their transmitter, contribute to the development of this area of biotechnology. In addition, it is possible to obtain the required quantity of the desired product with standard quality characteristics. Since the biosynthesis of new compounds does not occur in the intact plant, another advantage of this method arises. It consists in obtaining new substances due to the peculiarities of cell culture biology. The conducted review represents secondary metabolites isolated from the cell culture of Scorzonera hispanica L., strain SFR-SH1, possessing biological activity. In addition, the history of developing the selected strain and schemes for isolation and purification of secondary metabolites are demonstrated. For a clearer discussion, the main secondary metabolites found in cells are broadly divided into three groups. The first group includes compounds typical of most plants: β-sitosterol and its glucoside, caffeic acid methyl ester and oleanic acid. The second group contains syringaresinol monoglucoside, which is relatively rare in plant objects. The third group includes two compounds isolated from natural objects for the first time: sesquiterpene glucoside, scorzoside and neolignan scorzonoside. The results obtained were compared with the available literature data on the chemical composition of native plants of S. hispanica and other Scorzonera genera species. Due to its high biological activity, Syringaresinol monoglycoside attracts more attention than other compounds detected in cultured cells. Long-term cultivation of Monoglycoside leads to an alteration in the physicochemical characteristics of this compound for an unknown reason.