bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women and Industrial Work in Egypt
Authors: Hammam Mona
Published: March 2020

Abstract of a study prepared by Mona Hammam, member of the Department of Sociology. American University, Washington, D.C. , published In Arab Studies Quarterly, Winter 1980. (See Al-Raida, Nov. 1979, Vol. III , No. 10, p. 10)
Briefly Reported
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Briefly Reported
Cesa Nabarawi
Authors: Beeson Irene
Published: March 2020

Cesa Nabarawi, the doyenne of Egyptian Feminist militants celebrated her eighty-eighth birthday on January 31 st 1981. She was one of the first Egyptian women to dare to «show her face in public" more than half a century ago, when «decent" young girls and ladies were supposed to be heard but not seen.
Jehan Sadat
Authors: Breen Katie
Published: March 2020

The First Lady of Egypt, a militant feminist and an active social leader, answers in an interview with a reporter from "Marie-Claire" some important questions regarding woman's status in Egypt.
Women in South Yemen
Authors: Molyneux Maxine
Published: March 2020

Condensed from "Women in South Yemen» by Maxine D.Molyneux, Peuples Mediterraneens, (Mediterranean Peoples),no. 12, Paris, Juillet-Septembre 1980, pp. 33-49.
Women's Work in Jordan
Authors: Jaber Dr. Kamel Abu
Published: March 2020

Abstract of a study prepared for the Institute of Women's Studies in the Arab World by Dr. Kamel Abu Jaber. Dean of the Economics and Commerce Department at Jordanian University, 1979.
Law and Planned Parenthood
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

In this item we try to present the above topic by means of excerpts taken from the handbook on law and Planned Parenthood, compiled and edited in 116 large size pages for the I n"ternational Planned Parenthood and Federation Panel on Law and Planned Parenthood by John M. Paxmane
The Arab Family in Kuwait: Size and Structure
Authors: Al-Thakeb Dr. Fahd
Published: March 2020

Condensed from Dr. Fahd AI-Thaqeb, "Size and Structure of the Arab and Kuwaiti Family," Journal of Social Sciences, No 12, Year IV, July 1976 (Arabic), pp. 81-91.
Women as Peace Makers
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Are women more inclined to peace than men? Recent Studies show that little girls are more passive, less turbulent than boys of the same age, but we cannot prove that this peculiarity is inherent in them and not caused by the different treatment they receive.
Laila Abou-Saif
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

A young Egyptian feminist who seeks self-realization through the films she has been producing. The heroines of her films share her spirit of defiance and a burning indefatigable desire to do something.
Edna Kahla, a Poet of Loneliness and Nostalgia
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

In Anthology of Lebanese Authors in the English Language,(compiled in 1948 by Munah Racy and Rushdi Maalouf, Edna Kahla (Mrs . Khabbaz) is said to be an English-born poet of Lebanese origin, who published a collection of poems that were well received by the British public.
Impact of War on Lebanese Children and Youth
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

"The impact of war on Lebanse children and youth" formed the topic of a conference organized by the Lebanese Child Welfare Association which was suggested by Mrs. Zahia Salman, head of the Association .
The Experience of Internally Displaced Women in Urban Areas of Western Turkey
Authors: Vine Cariona , Taskan Serpil , Pepper Amy
Published: March 2020

According to the United Nations Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (Guiding Principles), internally displaced persons (IDPs) refers to any person or group of persons who involuntarily had to leave their home or habitual settlements, without crossing an internationally recognized state border, especially in order to protect themselves from the consequences of armed conflict (UN Commission on Human Rights, 1998). There are an estimated 25 million IDPs worldwide and approximately 1 million in Turkey alone (Deng, 2003). In the 1980s and 1990s, an armed struggle between the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) and the Turkish Armed Forces resulted in significant levels of internal displacement in Turkey.
A Review of Woman's Image in the Egyptian Cinema
Authors: Al-Hadeedy Muna S.
Published: March 2020

Woman and the cinema are two topics that have been frequently brought to light by sociology students and researchers during the last few years. The first, because of the increasing efforts made on an international level to secure her fuller participation in national development. The second, because of its growing importance as a means of entertainment, particularly among the masses.
Nawal Saadawi
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

A physician and fiction writer who has dedicated herself to the task of struggling against harmful stereotypes concerning women in the Arab world.
Lebanese Women in Education
Authors: Hammoud Rafeeqa
Published: March 2020

How much progress have the Lebanese women recently achieved in the field of education and public service? Dr Rafeeqa Hammoud, professor of education at the Lebanese University, tries to answer this question in a paper which has been abridged as follows.
The Wellesley Conference on Woman and Development
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW) was invited to participate in the Wellesley Conference on Woman and Development in the first week of June 1976, at Wellesley College, U.S.A.
Percentage of Girls at Different Educational Levels
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Percentage of Girls at Different Educational Levels
Muslim Women Seize a Place of their Own in the World of Religious Knowledge: Da‘iyat, mujtahidat, and ‘alimat
Authors: Grami Amel
Published: March 2020

The attitudes of historians and scholars towards women’s contribution to the scholarly field of Islamic knowledge range between recognition and denial. In view of a number of publications on this issue, major attitudes can be classified as follows: An attitude that recognizes the importance of women Islamic scholars (alimat) starting with Aisha, the Prophet’s own wife, who was considered a main source of the Prophet’s sayings or Hadith (the record of the Prophet’s sayings and deeds), and including other women at later stages of Islamic history who stood out and became famous for their religious knowledge. Moreover, there were Sufi women who were knowledgeable about religion and gained a reputation for their ability to explain to people the rules and principles of the faith.
Zaynab al-Ghazālī’s Women, Marriages, and Contradictions: Her Life as an Archive
Authors: Carminati Lucia
Published: March 2020

Zaynab al-Ghazālī (1917-2005) is regarded as a pioneering figure in the field of women’s preaching and religious teaching in Egypt. Her story, however, remains largely undocumented. In Western scholarship, al-Ghazālī has often been framed in terms of a contradictory figure, whose own choices flagrantly undercut her statements on the role of women in Islamic society. Trying to go beyond this type of appraisal, her writings are analyzed in order to question whether or not Zaynab al-Ghazālī’s intellectual genealogy should be understood within the context of her considerable exposure to a well-developed discourse of women’s rights at the turn of the twentieth century. Indeed, she made available to Muslim women a particular field of arguments, while foreclosing for them certain possibilities for action. Overall, her statements and choices in life need to be read as a function of her historical and geographical context and her positioning needs to be framed within the consciousness on the role women had come to play in the public domain.
Arab Diaspora Women
Authors: Sensenig-Dabbous Eugene
Published: March 2020

Portraying the lives of North African and Middle Eastern women and girls in places as diverse as Argentina, Canada, France, India, and the United States accentuates the artificiality of the concept "Arab diaspora." As many of the articles in this file point out, a constructed sense of group identity was initially externally imposed. It was based more on the defining power of host societies than on any common denominators easily recognized by the respective Arab immigrant communities themselves.
'Aqlah Brice Al Shidyaq: A Woman Peddler from Northern Lebanon
Authors: Hourani Guita
Published: March 2020

Lebanese from all social and economic classes were attracted by the international migration movement of the nineteenth century. Men and women, married and single, middle class and underprivileged all sought their fortune through migration. Rather surprisingly, given the patriarchal norms of Middle Eastern society, Christian as well as Muslim married women sometimes emigrated without their husbands and families, for, as A. Khater notes, they “had their [own] reasons to leave… Some wanted to escape an unhappy marriage, others sought a better financial status, and a few were after adventure, but most went looking for the 'family’.”
The Empowerment of Arab Women through Higher Education
Authors: Skulte-Ouaiss Jennifer
Published: March 2020

Given my background in higher education and women and politics, I have long assumed that it was a fact that higher education empowered women. “Knowledge is power” was the saying that came to mind most readily. Yet this issue of Al- Raida has forced me to reconsider this assumption, to both positive and negative ends.
The Untold Truth about Crimes Committed by Women
Authors: Zalzal Marie-Rose
Published: March 2020

A truck carrying prisoners pulled into the courtyard of the Judicial Palace and three women stepped out. My friend and I looked at them and immediately concluded, judging from their appearance, that one was Lebanese, one Romanian and the other Sri Lankan. We continued our guessing game and assumed that the Lebanese woman must have been arrested for drugs, the Romanian for prostitution, and the Sri Lankan for theft. All of a sudden, we realized that we were biased in our assumptions, given that we had drawn our conclusions from first impressions.
The Implementation of a Women’s Quota System in Lebanese Legislation
Authors: Ekmekji Arda Arsenian
Published: March 2020

Lebanon was among the first Arab countries to grant women suffrage rights in 1953. Its Constitution clearly stipulates that all its citizens have equal rights (Article 7)1 and enjoy equal opportunities in all spheres of life (Article 12). 2 Yet after half a century of alleged political rights, it is surprising to find that female representation in the Lebanese parliament is still at a minimum. In the 2005 legislative elections, only six women out of the 128 members made it to parliament (4.7 percent), thus ranking Lebanon 125th (out of 138) on the IPU list.3 For a country that prides itself on being among the pioneer Middle Eastern countries in the high proportion of women college graduates the above grading is quite ‘degrading.’ The late women's rights activist, Laure Moghaizel,4 once exclaimed that all Lebanese women who enter parliament do so wearing black since they always run for a seat vacated by a deceased father or spouse.
Saudi Women Score Twice in First Run at Polls
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

JEDDAH, Saudi Arabia, November 30, 2005 (AFP) - Two Saudi businesswomen swept to a surprise victory in Chamber of Commerce elections Wednesday in thefirst polls in which women stood as candidates in the conservative Muslim kingdom. "I'm happy, but I'm still in shock," Lama al-Suleiman, one of the two winners, told AFP.
Women’s Activism and Participation in Lebanon
Authors: Sfeir Myriam
Published: March 2020

Women’s Activism and Participation in Lebanon was the subject of a round table discussion held at the Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World last October. The participants were Lina Abou Habib, Iqbal Doughan, Linda Matar, Mona Khalaf, Zoya Rouhana, and Dima Dabbous-Sensenig. The moderator was Marguerite Helou.
Women Entrepreneurs in the Middle East and North Africa Region
Authors: Niethammer Carmen
Published: March 2020

Women in the Middle East and North Africa (MNA) comprise a large untapped economic resource. Indeed, a 2003 World Bank Report1 concludes that had MNA countries utilized their female labor force potential as other regions did, per capita income would have grown by an additional 0.7 percent during the 1990s. This would also have translated into a 20-25 percent increase in net family income had women worked outside the home. But the reality is starkly different; gender unemployment gaps in the region are the highest in the world with the female unemployment rate being six percentage points higher than the male rate (2003
Be Independent and Decide Freely
Authors: Khalil Jahda Abou
Published: March 2020

Azza Muhammad Ali was born in Cairo in 1950. Disabled from birth because of delivery complications, Azza suffered from brain paralysis and endured poor health throughout her life. She died on December 20th, 2004.Azza was her parents’ only child. They separated when she was two and her guardianship was entrusted to her father. She lived with him until he sent her to boarding school in England where she stayed for nine years. Throughout that period she did not see her mother, not even once. However, she used to see her father once a year.
The Second Arab Women Development Report Arab Adolescent Girls
Authors: (CAWTAR) Center of Arab Women
Published: March 2020

The Center of Arab Women for Training and Research (CAWTAR) sees this report on Arab Adolescent Girls: Realities and Prospects as a preliminary, exploratory study that will lead to further studies in a field that is still not sufficiently investigated in the Arab region. The main aim of this report, particularly the field study included in it, is to look into the future of Arab women and draw the attention of decision-makers and those working to extend women’s participation in the development process, to the possibility of positively affecting this future, particularly the possibility of raising the level of women’s participation in decision making. This is to be achieved by identifying handicapping factors and dealing with them through effective policies and interventions in the early stages of their formation.
What About Masculinity?
Authors: Aghacy Samira
Published: March 2020

Scholarly attention to gender issues in the Middle East has been focused almost exclusively on a quest to understand femininity. There are as yet no significant studies that make Muslim men visible as gendered subjects, and masculinity inArab Islamic cultures has so far remained an unrecognized and unacknowledged category viewed in essentialist terms and perceived as natural, and self-evident.
From Iraq/ From Morocco
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

From Iraq: Join the International Campaign to repeal the Governing Council’s Resolution 137, which cancels the current Iraqi Family Law and introduces the Islamic Law (Shari‘a) in Iraq.From Morocco: Morocco Adopts Landmark Family Law Supporting Women’s Equality
Launching of the Basic Living Skills Program
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW) at the LebaneseAmerican University launched on October 21, 2003 its Basic Living Skills Program (BLSP).
Non-Arab Women in the Arab World
Authors: Sensenig-Dabbous Eugene
Published: March 2020

Delineating gender and cultural identities is closely related to power. Rarely, if ever, are individuals permitted to freely choose how they wish to live their lives as women or men, as members or outsiders vis-à-vis the societal mainstream.This issue of Al-Raida deals with the many forms of “notbelonging” and the struggle for recognition within the member states of the Arab League. It is divided into five sections reflecting the disparate vantage points from which non-Arab women have viewed their role in the Arab world over a period of over 150 years.
Gender and Citizenship in the Middle East
Authors: Maalouf Lynn
Published: March 2020

Edited by Suad JosephSyracuse University Press, 2000
Women Sexuality and Social Change in the Middle East and the Maghreb
Authors: Ilkkaracan Pinar
Published: March 2020

In the present era of globalization, women’s bodies and sexuality are increasingly becoming arenas of intense conflict around the world. Conservative and religious right wing political forces are fiercely trying to maintain or reinforce traditional mechanisms of control over women’s sexuality and even to create new ones. Four UN conferences held in the 1990s – the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, the 1995 Beijing Conference, the 1999 five-year review of ICPD (ICPD+5), and the 2000 five-year review of the Beijing Conference (Beijing+5) – witnessed an unprecedented cooperation between the Catholic and Muslim religious groups to oppose and restrict women’s right to control their bodies and sexuality.
The Importance of Genital Mutilations to Gender Power Politics
Authors: El-Salam Seham Abd
Published: March 2020

Male and female genital mutilations (known as circumcision) are known in some cultures as rites of passage and purificatoin (Kennedy 1970; Toubia 1993; Turner 1985). However, I argue that they have another less declared but very significant aspect: they are functions and tools of patriarchal gender power politics. This paper deals with both types of genital mutilations, male and female, though it gives more attention to Male Genital Mutilation (MGM) because it is a muted gender issue. It is based on a study that I carried out in 1999-2000. It is a qualitative field study on the attitudes of 23 Egyptian intellectuals towards MGM*. All of the respondents are active against female genital mutilatoin (FGM) but tolerant to MGM. I interviewd them on semi-structured one-one basis. One important result of this study is that MGM as practiced in Egypt today is based on gender power politics (Abd el Salam 2000). Following is an elaboratoin on this point through interpretatoin of some observed beliefs and practices related to MGM and FGM.
Let’s Talk About Virginity
Authors: Husseini Rana
Published: March 2020

Taboo subjects such as the importance of virginity for Jordanian women and their sexual knowledge were open for public discussions in recent debates in the Kingdom. A private hospital which organised a lecture on virginity issues recently drew a large crowd that participated in an open and frank dialogue. For the first time in the Kingdom’s history physicians and psychiatrists presented the issue from a social, psychological and anatomical angle. Medical experts agreed that virginity should not be a prerequisite for men in choosing their partners.
Arab Women and Civil Society
Authors: El-Shazli Heba
Published: March 2020

How have women in the Arab world fared in the development and promotion of civil society in the region? The following contributions to this issue of Al-Raida will give us a glimpse into the world of women activists in Arab civil society and whether they have made any achievements. One will conclude that the road is still long and arduous, yet important steps have been taken by men and women activists working to promote the role of Arab women in civil society organizations.
Status of Female Prisoners in Yemen
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

The present article is concerned with the status of women prisoners in Yemen. It presents the results of a field research undertaken by Shaza Nasser, a lawyer interested in human rights and the rights of women and children1. The study reflects the tragic conditionsunder which women live in Yemeni prisons. The article presents also short case studies on some of the women prisoners, and ends with a plea to provide judicial assistance to those women.
A Political Prisoner Testifies
Authors: Sfeir Myriam
Published: March 2020

I live, along with my family, in Camp Aida for Refugees in Bethlehem in the West Bank. It is a small camp built by UNRWA to accommodate the displaced refugees of 1948. I was brought up in a big family, I have eight brothers and three sisters. Our house was small given that we were extremely poor. My father was the main breadwinner in the family; however, all of us had to work hard when still young in order to earn our livelihood.
Quote/Unquote
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

"I expected married life to be different and more fun, not like still being a girl where society looks at what I wear and what I say. I thought, T II be freer.' Marriage is inevitable in this society. One cannot stay unmarried. My cousin wanted to marry me and I had a number of proposals from other men, so I just wanted to get married to finish with it and to have peace of mind." (Sana AI-Khayyat, Honour and Shame: Women in Modern Iraq, pp. 74 - 75)
From Egypt
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

From Egypt: Dear Fellow Scholars, Writers, Friends: There is an ongoing campaign in Egypt to divorce Dr. Nawal El-Saadawi, writer and medical doctor from her husband of many years, Dr. Sherif Hetata, as Nawal's views have been declared to be "against Islam."
Jordan: Women and Politics
Authors: Husseini Rana
Published: March 2020

With an expected call for parliamentary elections this fall, former women candidates look with mixed expectations at their chances of winning seats in the 80-member Lower Houst. "I am planning to run for the upcoming elections nomatter what the outcome of the draft elections law was," stated Toujan Faisal, who in 1993 was the first and only woman to make it to the House.
Women Centers In Jordan
Authors: Hamdar Abir
Published: March 2020

During the past decade, Jordan has witnessed a rise in the number of centers and programs that cater to the needs of women in various sectors of society including economy, health, education and politics. Not only have these institutions enhanced, developed and increased public awareness regarding women's issues, they have also achieved much in terms of implementing and executing strategies.
Insiders/Outsiders-Emic/Etic Study of Women and Gender in the New Millennium
Authors: Zuhur Sherifa
Published: March 2020

This Thematic Conversation will assess the impact and changes in a significant and ongoing debate within women and gender studies and related disciplines. This debate concerns the insider vs. externalobserver in the study of and/or teaching on women and gender of the Middle East. Within anthropology it isdescribed as the emic vs. the etic approach to observation and understanding. Now that a broad and varied body of data and publications on the topics of women and gender of the Middle East has appeared in the last quarter of the twentieth century, it is fitting that transformations in the methodologies of research, academic di scourses about these topics, and pedagogical approaches should have occurred in various ways. The intent of the Conversation will be to assess the value of the emic/etic debate in different areas of this multidi sciplinary field and consider whether recent versions of this debate can further new directions for research (or new approaches to teaching on women/gender).
Testimonies on Honor Crimes
Authors: Hamdar Abir
Published: March 2020

Ten years ago, a young girl from a small village in the Bekaa valley was shot to death to 'cleanse the family honor'. Twenty-five men from the victim's clan witnessed the scene. Al Raida meets one of those men - who happens to be the girl 's uncle on her mother's side - and he recounts in detail what took place. This is what 75-year old AbuMufid (initials A.A) said.
Kuwaiti Women in the Line of Fire
Authors: Maalouf Lynn
Published: March 2020

On May 16th, 1999, Sheikh Jaber AI-Ahmed AI-Subah, the Emir of Kuwait, issued a decree granting women the right to vote and run for public office, "in appreciation of the effective and important role played by Kuwaiti women." With Kuwait having the only elected parliament in the Gulf, this move heralded a substantial step in the process of "democratization". Nevertheless, the Kuwaiti experience with democratization took a different turn, on November 30th, 1999, when the Kuwaiti parliament rejected this decree, depriving women thereby from their full constitutional rights, the right to become first-class citizens in their own country.
Silence ...and Worse Silence to Come ...
Authors: Hamdar Abir
Published: March 2020

It all happened a year ago, or maybe it was just three months ago ... yesterday ..  today or even tomorrow. I do not remember ... Perhaps I just don 't want to remember. The newspaper I worked for asked me to write an article on female sexual abuse in Beirut. I was ecstatic. I've always loved investigative articles ... probing into causes, effects ... facts, explanations ... I've always been so naive.
The Beirut Declaration
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

A regional conference on "Gender and Communication Policy" in the Middle East and North Africa was jointly organized in Beirut, Lebanon, by the World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) and the Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW), at the Lebanese American University, from November 9 to November 12, 1999. Thirty participants from eight countries attended theConference.
In Search of Gender and Communication Policy
Authors: Hermano Teresita
Published: March 2020

In Thailand, children learned recently from a popular TV soap opera that in order to get their estranged parents back together again, it is perfectly all right for the estranged father to drug the mother and rape her.
Gender and Communication Policy
Authors: Elian May
Published: March 2020

Women's representation in the Media is gaining great significance in our region day by day. On reflecting on such an issue, many questions come to mind: Are women well pro-May Elian portionally represented in this field? Is their gender an obstacleto a career? Is it just a question of gender or capacity and qualifications?
Women's Role in and Contribution
Authors: Soueid Mohammad
Published: March 2020

Beyond the recognition of Lebanese film makers Asia Oagher and her niece Mary Queenie as belonging to the generation of pioneers in Egyptian cinema, HertaGargour (of German origin) merits all the credit for laying the cornerstone of Lebanese cinema and film making after the end of the silent period.
Cinema as a Political Practice
Authors: Saliba Nadine
Published: March 2020

Art including film is almost always political. It is so in varying degrees and in different ways and mass media, including the cinema, has been utilized for such purposes by various governments ranging from the extreme left to the extreme right.
Our Heedless Wars
Authors: Maalouf Lynn
Published: March 2020

Our Heedless WarsTo Beirut, which I no longer love and which I never finish leavingDirected by Randa Chahhal
Recent Publications/Call for papers/Films
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Call for papers: Feminist Theory is a new international interdisciplinary journal published by Sage publications in April 2000. The journal is being launched to provide a forum for critical analysis and constructive debate within feminist theory.
Prevention is Better than Cure
Authors: Sfeir Myriam
Published: March 2020

In Lebanon there are no more than ten doctors specialized in Geriatric medicine. Dr. Thuraya Arayssi is the only Geriatric specialist at the American University Medical Center (AUB -MC). She is also a specialist in Internal Medicine andRheumatology. This interview took place in her office at AUB - MC
Mary Abu Kalam: Employee at LAU
Authors: Kalam Mary Abu
Published: March 2020

Born in 1935, in Hasbayya; currently living in Beirut. Recorded at LAU. Language: Ms. Abu Kalam used occasional classical words in mainly colloquial Arabic speech, suggesting the seriousness with which she took the task of telling about her life at 'the College'.)
Myassar Ismail: Palestinian Housewife
Authors: Ismail Myassar
Published: March 2020

Born in 1935, in Haifa [Palestine],' currently living in Sa'dnayel [Beqa'],' recorded in her home, in the presence of husband and a daughter. Language.' Palestinian colloquial. of the older generation.
Adele Kerbaj: Farmer, Gardener
Authors: Kerbaj Adele
Published: March 2020

Born in 1937, in Barouk [Shouf]; currently living in Ain Ksour [Shouf]; recorded in her home; others present, Anissa Najjar: Language: Druze form of colloquial Arabic
Etel Adnan on The Secret of Being a Woman
Authors: Amyuni Mona Takkiedine
Published: March 2020

Etel Adnan on The Secret of Being a Woman
Sahar Khalifeh: A Palestinian Novelist
Authors: Ismail Ghena
Published: March 2020

Sahar Khalifeh was born to a conservative Palestinian family of eight girls and one boy. After the death of her two sisters in their childhood, she heard comments of relief among the women in the family that "the burden had eased." Khalifeh'sadolescence was a very critical and intense period.
Hayy Al-Lija
Authors: Ibrahim Saleh
Published: March 2020

Hayy al-Lija, a novel written by Balqis al-Humani and published in 1969, presents the life style of a poor segment of the Lebanese society. While portraying thelife and daily practices of this particular group of people, it tracks the social progress and change that took place along a span of time stretching immediately before World War I until the period following World War II.
Family in Lebanon
Authors: Kaii Abdo
Published: March 2020

Discussions about the Lebanese or Arab family have largely revolved around the subject of the family's external duties towards society and public life. Issues related to the internal life , i.e. ,one 's attitude towards major concerns, one's needs and aspirations as we ll as one's emotional, intellectual, and humanitar ian relationships have frequently been ignored .
Temporary Marriage
Authors: Sfeir Myriam
Published: March 2020

Temporary or Mut'a marriage is one of the most fiercely contested moral issues in Islam. When taking on the subject of Mut 'a marriage, Muslims enter a battle in which lines are drawn between the "Shiite" and the "Sunni" . The debate be tween these two fronts is endless, i. e., the Shiite consider this marriage to be legitimate, whereas according to the Sunni it is forbidden.
Reflections On The Poetry Of Suad El-Subah
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Suad El-Subah. the well -known Kuwaili poct. holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of Cairo and a Ph.D. in Development and Planning from the Universityof Surrey in the United Kingdom.
Jumana Sayegh: Crafts
Authors: King-Irani Laurie
Published: March 2020

A harmonious blending of materials, ideas and influences characterizes the art works of Jumana Sayegh. Her arresting multi-media pieces, which cannot be accurately described as either paintings, sculptures, tapestries, or pottery, since they combine elements of all of these genres, link eas.t and west, urban and rural, tradition and modernity.
By Arab Women
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Poetry, more so than painting, theater, music or dance, is the premier art form in the Arab world, where facility with language has always been highly regarded.
"Let Us Communicate!"
Authors: Idlbi Rana
Published: March 2020

The situation was startling: intellectual women leaders who have spent most of their adult lives fighting for women's rights, freedom and dignity coolly rejected arequest for advice made by two young women, Instead, they continued chatting amongst themselves about their maids and their diets.
From Beijing to Beirut
Authors: King-Irani Laurie
Published: March 2020

Soon after the Fourth International Conference of Women concluded in Beijing, an acquaintance asked me, with a touch of exasperation in his voice, "What good did that conference do? A lot of women got together and just talked for two weeks, but now the world's attention is focused on other matters. What did those women really change?"
"A Capable Woman is Fought all the Way" - An interview with Dr. Zeina Saba
Authors: Sfeir Myriam
Published: March 2020

"A Capable Woman is Fought all the Way" - An interview with Dr. Zeina Saba
"The emotional bond between the citizen and the land has disintegrated." An interview with Wafa Hamzeh
Authors: Ismail Ghena
Published: March 2020

"The emotional bond between the citizen and the land has disintegrated." An interview with Wafa Hamzeh
Image of Women in Children's Textbooks
Authors: Nasr Julinda Abu , Batrouni Zinat Diab
Published: March 2020

Interest in the concepts of masculinity and femininity, which was an outgrowth of the women's movement, has focused on sex role stereotypes and the potential adverse effect they have on personality development. It is well documented that sex role definitions of a society are learned through the process of socialization. According to the social learning theory, sextyped behavior is mostly acquired through observational learning' or 'identification'. Mischel (1970: 29) reports that "observational learning behavior may result from watching what others (models) do, or from attending to symbols such as words and pictures." Mischel goes on to say: "Undoubtedly, T.v., movies, books, stories and other symbolic media play an important part in transmission of information about stereotyped behavior ... " (1970: 45). Based on the assumption that books are influential in introducing models to children, it becomes necessary to familiarize ourselves with the type of models that are being advocated in their story books through the symbols of words and illustrations.
Written Images
Authors: Amyuni Mona Takkiedine
Published: March 2020

Written Images By Nada Moghaizel Nasr
Afaf Zurayk
Authors: Touma Nadine
Published: March 2020

I walked in a space that expressed a body through which I painted an image that carried me to the spirit and soul of thisgenuine woman, Afaf Zurayk.
Gender and Violence in Lebanon and Yugoslavia
Authors: Accad Evelyne
Published: March 2020

The connection between admired masculinity and violent response to threat is a resource that governments can use to mobilize support for war.
Recipe to Recycle Paper
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Recipe to Recycle Paper
Lebanon: The Effect of Sea Pollution on Humans
Authors: Abi Saab Marie Abboud
Published: March 2020

Sea pollution affects humans on two levels: 1) either through contact, by swimming in polluted water, or 2) through consumption of contaminated sea food and fish. In other words, human health will be affected according to the degree of contamination or pollution of the sea and its inhabitants.
Leila Ahmed's Women and Gender in Islam
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: March 2020

Ahmed, Leila. Women and Gender in Islam. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992. ISBN 0-300-04942-0
No Point to Discretion
Authors: Maluf Ramez
Published: March 2020

Certainly, one of the most distressing things to anyone interested in the cause of women's liberation in Lebanon must be the general disarming popular apathy. To most Lebanese men, feminism is anathema or,at best, a subject of derision.
Para una reforma del sistema ﬁnanciero y monetario internacional en la perspectiva de una autoridad pública de ámbito mundial
Authors: Justicia y Paz Consejo Pontiﬁcio
Published: March 2020

Traducción del original italiano (www.vatican.va), revisada por la redacción de Revista de Fomento Social a partir del texto en castellano de Radio Vaticana.
ADVANCED LIGHTNING CURRENT GENERATORS
Authors: Quyen Anh Huy , Nguyen Hung Manh , Ta Minh Van
Published: March 2020

Lightning current impulse circuit researches have used various schematics for diverse impulses, which makes several problems for lightning current impulse generator fabrication with a suitable cost. In addition, errors of several lightning current impulse math models have not met the standards. This work presents solutions to determination of parameters for a specific lightning current impulse circuit and a lightning current impulse math model which is in Matlab environment with high accuracy.
COASTAL EROSION IN CAN GIO, HO CHI MINH CITY UNDER THE CONDITION OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Ha Hai Quang , Nguyen Tuyen Ngoc
Published: March 2020

Can Gio coastal zone is composed of funnel – shaped estuaries (Soai Rap, Dong Tranh, Long Tau) and coastal line from Dong Hoa headland to Can Gio headland. Dominant dynamic geomorphic process in study area is coastal erosion by tides and waves. In the study, the using associative methods: collection of data, analysis of satellite imageries, GIS and field work is to detect and identify levels of coastal erosion. Results of this research have indicated that erosion process in study area has been taking place during several decades with moderate rate 5 – 12m/year and even 22m/year in sensitive segments. Especially, the sand dune from Dong Hoa headland to Can Gio headland, Long Tau estuary and the Eastern shore of Thanh An Island are seriously eroded. Coastal erosion in Can Gio, Viet Nam as well as throughout the world is relative to sea level rise happening gradually. Anthropogenic activities such as: Buildings of hydroelectric dams, exploitation of sand are the other factors have accelerated erosion in the area.
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER BY STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY
Authors: To Hien Thi , Duong Huy Huu
Published: March 2020

Trace metals were a dangerous composition in airborne particulate matter, which may cause hazardous diseases in human. Accurately determination of metal concentration is significant. The analysis needs to have high precision and accuracy. Therefore, the stripping voltammetry is a appropriate method for determination of trace metals, including Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Ni. Various experimental parameters were studied and optimized. The detection limits of these metal ions were 3,47, 0,34, 0,59, 0,68, 2,51, 0,06 ppb for Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II), respectively, with very good accuracy (standard deviation is below 5%). Interference from coexisting ions was successfully investigated. The sample was digested by microwave oven with the recoveries from 96,7% to 106%. The great advantage of method is the simplicity, selectivity, and high sensitivity. The collection of particulate matter was performed from march to june, 2009, at different locations, which represent for residential, traffic and industrial areas. Metal concentrations spanned the range, the lowest was 0,06 ng/m3 for Co and the highest was 505 ng/m3 for Zn. Generaly, lead concentration was lower than TCVN 5937:2005 and range on 1,53-26,84 ng/ m3.
ACID CITRIC CROSS –LINKING OF STARCH/ POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) BLEND
Authors: Tran Nguyen Thao , Nguyen Diem Thi Tuyet , Dang Tai Tan
Published: March 2020

In recent times, a number of studies worldwide have focused on strengthening the interaction between the TPS and PVA or modifying with several agents to achieve better mechanical properties, in order to apply in the manufacturing of biodegradable materials. In addition, since both starch and PVA are hydrophilic polymers, they have very strong water absorption ability. In this research, the possibility of cross-linking starch films using citric acid to improve their strength and stability was examined. The study also showed the prospect to limit water absorption of the blend when solubility of the mixture can be reduced to 40%.
CALCULATING THE POSITRON – ELECTRON CORRELATION ENERGY IN ZnO WITH THE MODIFIED SINGLE WAVE FUNCTION FOR POSITRON
Authors: Chau Tao Van , Trinh Lang Hoa , Nguyen Tuan Anh , Le Chien Hoang , Nguyen Loc Huu
Published: March 2020

The ZnO – positron system is studied and its positron – electron correlation energy is estimated in its ground state. The positron binds with the outer shell electrons of Zinc and Oxigen to form the pseudo ZnO – positron molecule before it anihilates with one of these electrons. In this work, the single wave function for positron is modified according to the principle of linear superposition, and by using Variational Quantum Monte – Carlo method (VQMC) the correlation energy of this system is estimated with the value Ec e-p = - 9.3 ± 1.1 eV. It turns out that the value is closer to results estimated by other methods than the value that we had done before.
Mortalidade por Câncer de Mama Feminino em Alagoas no Período de 2001 a 2016: Análise de Tendência e Distribuição Espacial
Authors: De Souza Lôbo Jéssica Luzia , Costa Silva Monalisa Lídia , Barbosa Vieira Tomé Thaysa Kelly , Dornels Freire de Souza Carlos
Published: March 2020

Introdução: O câncer de mama é a neoplasia que mais causa mortes na população feminina mundial e brasileira. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico, a tendência e a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por câncer de mama feminino em Alagoas no período de 2001 a 2016. Método: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico misto, incluindo os óbitos femininos por câncer de mama registrados em Alagoas durante esse período. Foram utilizadas as variáveis sociodemográficas (faixa etária, cor/raça, estado civil, escolaridade e local de ocorrência) e a taxa de mortalidade por faixa etária e por município do Estado. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade e os dados populacionais, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). A análise de tendência utilizou o modelo de regressão por pontos de inflexão (joinpoint regression model) e a espacial, a estatística de Moran. Resultados: Houve 1.816 óbitos no período, 25,3% entre 50-59 anos, 46,3% de cor parda, 36,1% casadas, 35,5% com menos de oito anos de estudos e 67,2% de óbitos no ambiente hospitalar. As faixas etárias de 40 anos ou mais apresentaram tendências de crescimento, destacando-se 80 anos ou mais (percentual médio de variação anual: 9,2; p<0,001) com o maior crescimento. A distribuição espacial foi aleatória. Conclusão: A taxa de mortalidade por câncer de mama feminino cresceu no período de 2001 a 2016 nas faixas etárias de 40 anos ou mais no Estado e sem padrão espacial definido.
TRADISI MASYARAKAT DI DESA SUKA KIONG KAUPATEN MANGGARAI BARAT FLORES NTT
Authors: SETIAWAN WINDI
Published: March 2020

Wuat wa’i merupakan suatu tradisi warisan nenek moyang orang Manggarai Tradisi ini diwariskan secara turun temurun yang harus dijaga dan dilestarikan dengan baik. Sebagai sebuah warisan tentunya memiliki nilai-nilai yang baik yang terkandung di dalamnya. Selain sebagai sumber nilai-nilai dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, tradisi waut wa’i merupakan salah satu warisan budaya dari para leluhur. Tradisi Wuat Wa’i merupakan kebiasaan yang terus dipakai sejak nenek moyang Manggarai ada hingga generasi sekarang. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti tertarik meneliti dua hal yaitu (1) tentang nilai-nilai apa saja yang terkandung pada mantra waut wa’i sebagai tradisi masyarakat di Desa Suka Kiong Kabupaten Mangarai Barat Flores NTT (2) Fungsi apa saja yang terkandung dalam mantra wuat wa’i sebagai tradisi masyarakat di Desa Suka Kiong Kabupaten Manggarai Barat Flores NTT. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian jenis  kualitatif   dengan   menggunakan metode deskriptif, yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata yang tertulis atau lisan orang lain dan perilaku yang dapat diamati.  Penelitian  ini  memaparkan  tentang nilai-nilai dan fungsi yang terkandung dalam mantra wuat wa’i di desa Suka Kiong. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berupa nilai-nilai dan fungsi yang terkandung di dalam mantra wuat wa’i sebagai tradisi masyarakat.
Acil Servise Başvuran Akut Biliyer Pankreatitli Hastalarda Nötrofil/Lenfosit Oranının İncelenmesi
Authors: KAYA Halil , YÜKSEL Melih
Published: March 2020

Akut Pankreatit (AP), pankreasının inflamatuvar bir hastalığı olup acil servislere en sık başvuru nedenlerinden birisi olan karın ağrısının önemli bir nedenidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Nötrofil/lenfosit oranı ( NLO) ‘nun akut biliyerpankreatitli (ABP) hastalarda yatış süresini ve tedavisini öngörmede bağımsız bir parametre olarak kullanılıp kullanılmayacağını araştırmaktır. Bu çalışma retrospektif olarak 1 Ocak 2018 ile 31 Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi ana bina acil servisine başvuran ve ABP tanısı alan hasta dosyaları incelenerek yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya alınan hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, radyoloji ve laboratuvar sonuçları, yatış süreleri, tedavi ve taburculuk durumları kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmaya toplam 141 hasta alınmış olup ortalama yaş 62,12 ± 18,75 olarak saptandı. Hastaların % 69,5 ‘i (n=98) kadın olup ortalama NLO değeri 7,23±7,25, ortalama amilaz düzeyi 1238,21 ± 1180,93, ortalama yatış süresi 4,79 ± 2,46 gün olarak saptandı. Nonparametrik korelasyon analizi için yapılan spearman testinde, hastaların NLO değerlerinin tedavi şekilleri ve son durumları ile bir ilişkisinin varlığı saptanmadı (Sırasıyla p=0,639, r= -0,040/ p=0,343, r= 0,080). Hastaların NLO değerlerinin yatış süreleri ve amilaz düzeyleri ile anlamlı bir ilişkisinin olduğu saptandı (Sırasıyla p=0,027, r= 0,187/ p=0,000, r= 0,323). İnflamasyon, enfeksiyon ve post-operatif komplikasyonların tahmininde belirleyici bir faktör olarak tespit edilen NLO değerinin ABP‘li hastaların yatış sürelerini öngörmede bağımsız bir parametre olarak kullanılabileceği saptanmıştır.
Critical Reflections on the Zambian Education System and the Teaching of English in Post-Colonial Zambia
Authors: Mwanza David Sani
Published: March 2020

This paper takes a critical look at the Zambian Education system by focusing on the teaching of English in the country. This is achieved through discussing the structure and organisation of the education system, teacher training and the standard of English to be taught in schools relative to other varieties. By reviewing studies which have been conducted on the teaching of English in Zambia, the paper observes that while remarkable strides have been made in improving the teaching of English, there are a number of issues which need attention. For instance, the recognition of translanguaging and its pedagogic value forms a big part of the argument in this paper.
Executive Compensation Packages and Customer Acquisition of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Lagos State Nigeria
Authors: O. Akpa Victoria , A. Egwakhe Johnson , O. Aliu Fatai
Published: March 2020

Executive compensation is a major strategy being employed by deposit money banks to achieve steady growth in their customer acquisition efforts. The banks face series of challenges including inability to achieve consistent service excellence which had negatively impacted on new customer acquisition. The study examined the effect of executive compensation package on customer acquisition of selected deposit money banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study employed cross sectional survey research design where four hundred and twenty-nine copies of the research instruments were administered to purposively selected respondents who were senior and executive staff of the selected banks. The result of multiple regression analysis revealed that base salary (B = 0.217, p = 0.000) and recognition (B = 0.123, p = 0.012) have positive and significant effect on customer acquisition while supplementary benefits (B = 0.017, p = 0.568) and executive bonus (B = 0.044, p = 0.175) have positive, but insignificant effect on customer acquisition. The study concluded that executive compensation has positive effect on customer of selected deposit money banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. It was recommended that attractive compensation management should be instituted to ensure that executive staff are adequately remunerated to facilitate their performance with less distractions.