bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ancestral duplicatedDL/CRCorthologs display function on orchid reproductive organ innovation
Authors: Chen You-Yi , Hsiao Yu-Yun , Li Chung-I , Yeh Chuan-Ming , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Yang Hong-xing , Chiu Chi-Chou , Chang Song-Bin , Liu Zhong-Jian , Tsai Wen-Chieh
Published: February 2020

The orchid flower is renowned for complexity of flower organ morphogenesis and has attracted great interest from scientists. The YABBY genes encode plant-specific transcription factors with important roles in vegetative and reproductive development in seed plants.DROOPING LEAF/CRABS CLAW(DL/CRC) orthologs are involved in reproductive organ development (especially carpels) of angiosperms. Orchid gynostemium (the fused organ of the androecium and gynoecium) and ovule development are unique developmental processes. Understanding theDL/CRC-likegenes controlling the developmental program of the gynostemium and ovule could provide accessible information for reproductive organ molecular regulation in orchids. TwoDL/CRC-likegenes, namedPeDL1andPeDL2, were cloned fromPhalaenopsis equestris. The orchid DL/CRC forms a monophyletic clade with two subclades including AshDL, PeDL1 and DcaDL1 in subclade I, and PeDL2 and DcaDL2 in subclade II. The temporal and spatial expression analysis indicatedPeDLgenes are specifically expressed in the gynostemium and at the early stages of ovule development. BothPeDLscould partially complement anArabidopsis crc-1mutant. Transient overexpression ofPeDL1inPhalaenopsisorchids caused abnormal development of ovule and stigmatic cavity of gynostemium. PeDL1, instead of PeDL2, could form a heterodimer with PeCIN8. Paralogue retention and subsequent divergence of the gene sequence ofPeDL1andPeDL2inP. equestrismight result in the differentiation of function and protein behaviors. These results reveal the important roles ofPeDLsinvolved in orchid gynostemium and ovule development and provide new insights for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying orchid reproductive organ development.
Development of a virtual shapemeter based on a shape control model for continuous annealing
Authors: L.V. Yu-Ting , Li Yong , Yang De-Xing , Bai Zhenhua , Li Jinlong , Wang Rui
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Continuous annealing (CA) units usually lack a physical shapemeter; consequently, real-time display and closed-loop control of the strip shape are impossible to achieve.

Design/methodology/approach

A shape model for the CA process is established in this study. Specifically, a virtual shapemeter and closed-loop control system based on the advanced parameter acquisition system and information transmission of CA units are developed in C++ programming language. This system realises real-time dynamic shape display, closed-loop control and shape prediction by collecting raw data of steel coils and parameters during CA.

Findings

Field test results show that the shape predicted by the virtual shapemeter coincides with the measured shape by over 90 per cent, which fully meets the precision requirement of industrial applications.

Originality/value

Moreover, shape quality is effectively improved without increasing hardware investments.
Green implementation of Lean Six Sigma projects in the manufacturing sector
Authors: Shokri Alireza , Li Gendao
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Historically, Lean Six Sigma (LSS) implementation has demonstrated a great deal of enhancement to process efficiency, profitability and customer satisfaction. The emerging market pressure for developing better quality, cheaper and greener products invokes a change of view in LSS economical effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to identify under which condition the final output of LSS projects with traditional strategic benefits are more environmentally friendly.

Design/methodology/approach

To investigate the choice of different types of LSS projects, the environmental impact under different conditions and the comparison of those conditions, the author developed an analytical mathematical model and analysed four different propositions.

Findings

The final price and production volume were recommended as mediating factors to leverage an LSS project to achieve a greener, customised and finance-oriented outputs.

Research limitations/implications

This research contributes to existing LSS research and knowledge development via promoting the different perspectives of LSS and environmental sustainability integration.

Practical implications

This study further enables managers to identify the cut-off point in relation to the production volume and finished prices to leverage the expected financial outputs and environmental impact of the LSS project. This would potentially promote a green LSS project in both implementation and output, alongside its traditional values.

Originality/value

This study uses a modelling approach to identify the conditions under which the actual methodology of the LSS project could be green via less energy consumption with consideration of expected LSS values and outcomes.
Construction practitioners’ perception of key drivers of reputation in mega-construction projects
Authors: Olawale Oladimeji A. , Oyedele Lukumon O. , Owolabi Hakeem A.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to commence the discourse on the non-inclusiveness of the dynamics of reputation within the construction industry by identifying and examining the key product and process drivers of reputation in mega-construction projects.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected through an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach which commences with a qualitative study and culminates with a quantitative study to identify product and process drivers of reputation in mega-construction projects.

Findings

The findings suggest that “project quality”, “robust social and environmental sustainability plan”, “project team competence and interpersonal relationship” and “project process efficacy” are the four key drivers influencing the reputation of mega-construction projects.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this study are solely based on the perception of UK construction practitioners; therefore, the results may only be considered valid in this context. The identification of these key drivers provides a pathway where stakeholders, professionals and organisations can identify and prioritise critical issues associated with enhancing and sustaining the reputation of mega-construction projects.

Originality/value

Findings of this research make a significant contribution to the discourse on the concept of reputation within the construction industry by identifying its specific drivers of reputation.
Fine‐scale root community structure in the field: Species aggregations change with root density
Authors: Herben Tomáš , Balšánková Tereza , Hadincová Věra , Krahulec František , Pecháčková Sylvie , Skálová Hana , Krak Karol
Published: February 2020

Roots are capable of strong plastic responses to environmental signals, but the extent of such responses in the field is essentially unknown. Here, we aimed to identify interspecific root aggregations and segregations as indicators of plastic responses to the presence of other species. Furthermore, we asked whether aggregations change with heterogeneity in overall root density along soil depth and whether root communities show any relationship to species' functional traits.

We used quantitative real‐Time PCR to estimate root quantities of nine grassland species in soil blocks at a centimetre scale. We combined these estimates with fine‐scale recording of species' positions above‐ground. We used deviations between measured root density and that expected from the relationship to above‐ground species abundance to correct for different chances of individual species to meet due to the non‐random distribution of their individuals. This approach allows us to identify whether species associations below‐ground are due to plastic response of their roots.

We showed that while there were signals of both interspecific aggregation and segregation, prevalence of aggregation over segregation strongly increased with increasing soil depth. In shallow layers, where root density is high and its heterogeneity low, roots are likely to respond to a number of signals which produce both interspecific aggregation and segregation. In contrast, in deeper layers, where root density is low and its heterogeneity high, root distribution is likely to be driven primarily by foraging for resources, producing aggregations. Species composition of the root community did not show any relationship to functional traits (SLA, shoot life span, spreading distance and rooting depth) of the examined species.

Synthesis. The results imply that processes that determine interspecific root associations change at a scale of centimetres which is close to the scale of individual fine roots. They also imply that while root foraging might explain root co‐occurrence under low root density, very different processes determine it when root density is high. Our findings also support the notion that roots, while extremely plastic, may not receive sufficient signals to elicit a response in the field if overall root density is high and homogeneous.
Utilization of text mining as a big data analysis tool for food science and nutrition
Authors: Tao Dandan , Yang Pengkun , Feng Hao
Published: February 2020

Big data analysis has found applications in many industries due to its ability to turn huge amounts of data into insights for informed business and operational decisions. Advanced data mining techniques have been applied in many sectors of supply chains in the food industry. However, the previous work has mainly focused on the analysis of instrument‐generated data such as those from hyperspectral imaging, spectroscopy, and biometric receptors. The importance of digital text data in the food and nutrition has only recently gained attention due to advancements in big data analytics. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the data sources, computational methods, and applications of text data in the food industry. Text mining techniques such as word‐level analysis (e.g., frequency analysis), word association analysis (e.g., network analysis), and advanced techniques (e.g., text classification, text clustering, topic modeling, information retrieval, and sentiment analysis) will be discussed. Applications of text data analysis will be illustrated with respect to food safety and food fraud surveillance, dietary pattern characterization, consumer‐opinion mining, new‐product development, food knowledge discovery, food supply‐chain management, and online food services. The goal is to provide insights for intelligent decision‐making to improve food production, food safety, and human nutrition.
Phytochemical profiles, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of four red‐fleshed apple varieties in China
Authors: Li Cui Xia , Zhao Xian Hua , Zuo Wei Fang , Zhang Tian Liang , Zhang Zong Ying , Chen Xue Sen
Published: February 2020

Red‐fleshed apples are preferred because of their high content of phenolics and antioxidants. In this study, the phenolic characteristics, antioxidant properties, and antihuman cancer cell properties of the four hybrids of Malus sieversii f. niedzwetzkyana (Ledeb.) M. Roem were analyzed. In addition, the antioxidant and anti‐proliferation properties of these apples were measured. Compared to “Fuji” apples, the red‐fleshed apples were rich in phenolic and flavonoid chemicals, ranging from 1.5‐ to 2.6‐fold and 1.4‐ to 2.4‐fold, respectively. In all antioxidant methods (DPPH radical‐scavenging capacity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and cell antioxidant capacity), “A38” obtained the highest antioxidant value, whereas “Fuji” got the lowest antioxidant value. The IC50 values ranged from 33.44 (“A38”) to 73.36 mg/mL (“Fuji”) for MCF‐7 and 20.94 (“A38”) to 39.39 mg/mL (“Fuji”) for MAD‐MB‐231. The red‐fleshed “A38” and “Meihong” exhibited higher antioxidant and antiproliferative activities in vitro because of the higher levels of phenolics, and the higher potential for development and utilization value.

Practical Application

The phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative activity in vitro of four red‐fleshed apple cultivars and one white‐fleshed apple cultivar were compared in this study. This information should assist to give a reasonable evaluation for scientists to breed new cultivars with high phenolics and to exploit the natural polyphenol.
A metagenomic assessment of microbial eukaryotic diversity in the global ocean
Authors: Obiol Aleix , Giner Caterina R. , Sánchez Pablo , Duarte Carlos M. , Acinas Silvia G. , Massana Ramon
Published: February 2020

Surveying microbial diversity and function is accomplished by combining complementary molecular tools. Among them, metagenomics is a PCR free approach that contains all genetic information from microbial assemblages and is today performed at a relatively large scale and reasonable cost, mostly based on very short reads. Here, we investigated the potential of metagenomics to provide taxonomic reports of marine microbial eukaryotes. We prepared a curated database with reference sequences of the V4 region of 18S rDNA clustered at 97% similarity and used this database to extract and classify metagenomic reads. More than half of them were unambiguously affiliated to a unique reference whilst the rest could be assigned to a given taxonomic group. The overall diversity reported by metagenomics was similar to that obtained by amplicon sequencing of the V4 and V9 regions of the 18S rRNA gene, although either one or both of these amplicon surveys performed poorly for groups like Excavata, Amoebozoa, Fungi and Haptophyta. We then studied the diversity of picoeukaryotes and nanoeukaryotes using 91 metagenomes from surface down to bathypelagic layers in different oceans, unveiling a clear taxonomic separation between size fractions and depth layers. Finally, we retrieved long rDNA sequences from assembled metagenomes that improved phylogenetic reconstructions of particular groups. Overall, this study shows metagenomics as an excellent resource for taxonomic exploration of marine microbial eukaryotes.
Testing multiple substrates for terrestrial biodiversity monitoring using environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: van der Heyde Mieke , Bunce Michael , Wardell‐Johnson Grant , Fernandes Kristen , White Nicole E. , Nevill Paul
Published: February 2020

Biological surveys based on visual identification of the biota are challenging, expensive and time consuming, yet crucial for effective biomonitoring. DNA metabarcoding is a rapidly developing technology that can also facilitate biological surveys. This method involves the use of next generation sequencing technology to determine the community composition of a sample. However, it is uncertain as to what biological substrate should be the primary focus of metabarcoding surveys. This study aims to test multiple sample substrates (soil, scat, plant material and bulk arthropods) to determine what organisms can be detected from each and where they overlap. Samples (n = 200) were collected in the Pilbara (hot desert climate) and Swan Coastal Plain (hot Mediterranean climate) regions of Western Australia. Soil samples yielded little plant or animal DNA, especially in the Pilbara, probably due to conditions not conducive to long‐term preservation. In contrast, scat samples contained the highest overall diversity with 131 plant, vertebrate and invertebrate families detected. Invertebrate and plant sequences were detected in the plant (86 families), pitfall (127 families) and vane trap (126 families) samples. In total, 278 families were recovered from the survey, 217 in the Swan Coastal Plain and 156 in the Pilbara. Aside from soil, 22%–43% of the families detected were unique to the particular substrate, and community composition varied significantly between substrates. These results demonstrate the importance of selecting appropriate metabarcoding substrates when undertaking terrestrial surveys. If the aim is to broadly capture all biota then multiple substrates will be required.
Does emotional intelligence matter to academic work performance? Evidence from business faculties in Australia
Authors: Jiao Lu , Harrison Graeme , Chen Jinhua , Butcher Kym
Published: February 2020

Using data collected through survey questionnaire across 15 universities, we examine the effect of emotional intelligence on academic work performance (in research, teaching and service) in Australian business faculties. We find academics’ ability to use emotion enhances performance across research, teaching and service, while ability to regulate emotion enhances performance for teaching and service only. We also find support for a process‐based model of emotional intelligence in which appraisal of emotion is a necessary antecedent to emotion’s use and regulation. The results have implications for management in appointment decisions and professional development programmes in business/accounting faculties.
The role of serratus anterior plane and pectoral nerves blocks in cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery and trauma: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Jack J. M. , McLellan E. , Versyck B. , Englesakis M. F. , Chin K. J.
Published: February 2020

Serratus anterior plane and pectoral nerves blocks are recently described alternatives to established regional anaesthesia techniques in cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery and trauma. We performed a systematic review to establish the current state of evidence for the analgesic role of these fascial plane blocks in these clinical settings. We identified relevant studies by searching multiple databases and trial registries from inception to June 2019. Study heterogeneity prevented meta‐analysis and studies were instead qualitatively summarised and stratified by type of surgery and comparator. We identified 51 studies: nine randomised control trials; 13 cohort studies; 19 case series; and 10 case reports. The majority of randomised controlled trials studied the serratus anterior plane block in thoracotomy or video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery, with only two investigating pectoral nerves blocks. The evidence in thoracic trauma comprised only case series and reports. Results indicate that single‐injection serratus anterior plane and the pectoral nerves blocks reduce pain scores and opioid consumption compared with systemic analgesia alone in cardiothoracic surgery, cardiac‐related interventional procedures and chest trauma for approximately 6–12 h. The duration of action appears longer than intercostal nerve blocks but may be shorter than thoracic paravertebral blockade. Block duration may be prolonged by a continuous catheter technique with potentially similar results to thoracic epidural analgesia. There were no reported complications and the risk of haemodynamic instability appears to be low. The current evidence, though limited, supports the efficacy and safety of serratus anterior plane and the pectoral nerves blocks as analgesic options in cardiothoracic surgery.
Trends in knee magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopies and joint replacements in older Australians: still too much low‐value care?
Authors: Smith Leon , Barratt Alexandra , Buchbinder Rachelle , Harris Ian A. , Doust Jenny , Bell Katy
Published: February 2020

Background

The objective of the study is to describe temporal trends and regional variations in the use of knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), knee arthroscopy and total knee replacement surgery in Australians older than 55 years.

Methods

Design: A retrospective descriptive study using routinely collected administrative data. Main outcome measures: Age‐standardized rates of knee MRI, knee arthroscopy and knee replacement surgery from 2003 to 2017.

Results

Knee MRI rates increased from 216/100 000 in 2003, to 1509/100 000 in 2017 (sevenfold relative increase). Knee arthroscopy rates initially increased from 372/100 000 in 2003 to a maximum of 475/100 000 in 2011, before declining to 283/100 000 in 2017. Knee joint replacement surgery increased from 535/100 000 in 2003 to 840/100 000 in 2017 (57% relative increase). The use of MRI increased in all regions of Australia but to differing extents. Knee arthroscopy rates declined in all regions from 2011, but to differing extents. Knee joint replacement surgery increased at roughly the same rate across Australia.

Conclusion

Knee arthroscopy rates increased before declining modestly in more recent years, most likely in response to evidence against its effectiveness. Knee MRI rates have continued to increase despite consistent recommendations against their routine use in the evaluation of knee pain. Future research could investigate potential drivers of the increased use of MRI, and of the continued use of arthroscopy. Further exploration of the extent to which either procedure explains the increase in numbers of knee joint replacements is also warranted.
Changes in the vocal qualities of mothers and fathers are related to preterm infant's behavioural states
Authors: Saliba Sahar , Esseily Rana , Filippa Manuela , Gratier Maya , Grandjean Didier
Published: February 2020

Aim

Little is known about infant‐directed speech addressed to preterm infants. The current study investigated the association between changes in preterm infant behavioural states and acoustical qualities of both maternal and paternal infant‐directed speech.

Methods

The mothers and fathers of 11 preterm infants participated in the study. Parents in turn were asked to talk freely to their infant over a 5‐minute period. A total of 72 audio sequences were selected and analysed as a function of the behavioural states.

Results

Acoustic analysis showed that the vocal qualities of both fathers' and mothers' speech were influenced by infant behaviour. Parental infant‐directed speech was characterised by higher loudness and spectral related parameters when preterm infants were sleeping, or transiting from one state to another, than when they were awake. Furthermore, loudness and spectral flux were higher in maternal speech than in paternal speech and fathers used higher pitch, jitter and shimmer when they saw their preterm infant in an awake state, demonstrating that alertness in infants modulates the father's voice.

Conclusion

More research is needed to know whether other social partners' vocal qualities may also be related to infant behavioural state as such findings would have implications for clinical practice.
Spatially gifted, academically inconvenienced: Spatially talented students experience less academic engagement and more behavioural issues than other talented students
Authors: Lakin Joni M. , Wai Jonathan
Published: February 2020

Background

Spatially talented students have a capacity for success that is too often overlooked by educational services. Because these students may lack appropriate challenge, theorists suggest these students experience greater academic struggles than other gifted students, including behavioural problems and lack of academic engagement.

Aims

The goal of this research was to explore empirical evidence for the claim that spatially talented students would experience more academic struggles than other gifted students. We sought to understand the size of the ‘spatially talented’ population and their patterns of behavioural and academic struggles in high school. We also looked at long‐term outcomes, including degree completion.

Samples

This article explores characteristics of spatial talent in three US nationally representative data sets: Project Talent (1960), High School and Beyond (1980), and the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (1997). Combined, these data provide a 60‐year longitudinal study of student outcomes.

Methods

This study utilized factor analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression methods to explore the research questions for each data set.

Results and Conclusions

From our analyses, we estimate that 4–6% (at least 2 million) of the 56.6 million students in the US K‐12 system are spatially talented students that are not identified by common gifted and talented screening processes. These students had greater academic challenges, including reading difficulties, poor study habits, and behavioural troubles. We also found that spatially talented students were less likely to complete college degrees compared to other talented students. Our findings support the need for greater services to these talented students.
‘When the walls come tumbling down’: The role of intergroup proximity, threat, and contact in shaping attitudes towards the removal of Northern Ireland’s peace walls
Authors: Dixon John , Tredoux Colin , Sturgeon Brendan , Hocking Bree , Davies Gemma , Huck Jonny , Whyatt Duncan , Jarman Neil , Bryan Dominic
Published: February 2020

Institutional structures of segregation typically entrench social inequality and sustain wider patterns of intergroup conflict and discrimination. However, initiatives to dismantle such structures may provoke resistance. Executive proposals to dismantle Northern Ireland’s peace walls by 2023 provide a compelling case study of the nature of such resistance and may thus provide important clues about how it might be overcome. Drawing on a field survey conducted in north Belfast (n = 488), this research explored the role of physical proximity, realistic and symbolic threat, and past experiences of positive and negative cross‐community contact on Catholic and Protestant residents’ support for removing the walls. Structural equation modelling suggested that both forms of contact and proximity were significantly related to such support and that these relationships were partially mediated by realistic threat. It also suggested that positive contact moderated the effects of proximity. That is, for residents who had more frequent positive interactions with members of the other community, proximity to a peace wall had a weaker relationship with resistance to their removal than residents who had less frequent contact.
Digital Financial Inclusion and Consumption Smoothing in China
Authors: Lai Jennifer T. , Yan Isabel K. M. , Yi Xingjian , Zhang Hao
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we investigate the effect of digital financial inclusion (DFI) on household consumption smoothing in China. We use four waves of the biennial China Family Panel Studies from 2010 to 2016, during which time DFI has significantly developed alongside financial technology across China. We split household income shocks into permanent and transitory components, and evaluate if DFI may help households to buffer against these shocks. We find that households are not able to insure against permanent shocks to income, but they can smooth approximately 70 percent of transitory shocks to income. We also find that DFI has diminished households’ ability to insure against transitory income shocks. This is partly because online purchase may lead to the oversensitivity of consumption to income. In addition, we find that contrary to DFI, traditional financial sector development contributes to better household consumption smoothing against transitory income shocks.
Artificial intelligence‐based detection of pharyngeal cancer using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Tamashiro Atsuko , Yoshio Toshiyuki , Ishiyama Akiyoshi , Tsuchida Tomohiro , Hijikata Kazunori , Yoshimizu Shoichi , Horiuchi Yusuke , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Seto Akira , Sasaki Toru , Fujisaki Junko , Tada Tomohiro
Published: February 2020

Objectives

The prognosis for pharyngeal cancer is relatively poor. It is usually diagnosed in an advanced stage. Although the recent development of narrow‐band imaging (NBI) and increased awareness among endoscopists have enabled detection of superficial pharyngeal cancer, these techniques are still not prevalent worldwide. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence (AI)‐based deep learning has led to significant advancements in various medical fields. Here, we demonstrate the diagnostic ability of AI‐based detection of pharyngeal cancer from endoscopic images in esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Methods

We retrospectively collected 5403 training images of pharyngeal cancer from 202 superficial cancers and 45 advanced cancers from the Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Using these images, we developed an AI‐based diagnostic system with convolutional neural networks. We prepared 1912 validation images from 35 patients with 40 pharyngeal cancers and 40 patients without pharyngeal cancer to evaluate our system.

Results

Our AI‐based diagnostic system correctly detected all pharyngeal cancer lesions (40/40) in the patients with cancer, including three small lesions smaller than 10 mm. For each image, the AI‐based system correctly detected pharyngeal cancers in images obtained via NBI with a sensitivity of 85.6%, much higher sensitivity than that for images obtained via white light imaging (70.1%). The novel diagnostic system took only 28 s to analyze 1912 validation images.

Conclusions

The novel AI‐based diagnostic system detected pharyngeal cancer with high sensitivity. It could facilitate early detection, thereby leading to better prognosis and quality of life for patients with pharyngeal cancers in the near future.
Incidence and prognosis of crown discoloration in traumatized primary teeth: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Goettems Marília Leão , Thurow Luiza Beatriz , Noronha Thaís Gioda , da Silva Júnior Ivam Freire , Kramer Paulo Floriani , Feldens Carlos Alberto , da Costa Vanessa Polina Pereira
Published: February 2020

Background/Aim

Knowledge of factors influencing the occurrence of crown discoloration following traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth and understanding its possible consequences can help dentists to provide appropriate care. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the incidence of crown discoloration following trauma in primary teeth. This study also estimated the risk of pulp necrosis with subsequent infection of the root canal system and pulp canal obliteration in discolored teeth.

Material and Methods

Records of children treated at the specialized trauma center of the Federal University of Pelotas during a period of 10 years were analyzed. Patient details including the type of injury, presence of crown discoloration, pulp necrosis, and pulp canal obliteration were collected. Photographs of teeth with crown discoloration were assessed to evaluate the color presented (yellow or dark). Chi‐square tests and Poisson regression were used for data analyses (P < .05).

Results

A total of 355 children with 628 traumatized teeth were included in the study. The incidence of crown discoloration was 27.9%, and 20.5% of the teeth were affected. Discoloration was higher in children whose age at the time of trauma was 2‐4 years (P = .020), and it was associated with the type of injury (P = .019). Discolored teeth had a twofold risk of pulp necrosis and subsequent infection of the root canal system (RR 1.98 95% CI 1.42‐276; P < .001) and a higher risk of pulp canal obliteration (RR 8.47; 95% CI 4.95‐14.51; P < .001) than did teeth without discoloration. Teeth with dark and yellow discoloration were significantly associated with pulp necrosis and pulp canal obliteration, respectively (P < .001).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the importance of monitoring traumatized primary teeth with crown discoloration, particularly those appearing darker, owing to their higher risk of pulp necrosis and subsequent infection of the root canal system.
Integration in European coal markets, 1833–1913†
Authors: Murray John E. , Silvestre Javier
Published: February 2020

This article analyses coal market integration in Europe over the long nineteenth century. The market integration of coal, a key commodity associated with the industrial revolution, is an aspect of European economic history that has received little attention. The literature on the evolution of markets has concentrated on agricultural products, mostly cereals. This article examines intra‐ and international market integration in the principal coal‐producing countries, Britain, Germany, France, and Belgium; and adds three main consuming southern European countries to the analysis of the international market. It provides new evidence on prices, as well as trade, and uses a straightforward approach to address coal price behaviour. Despite shocks, clear trends toward integration in both domestic and international markets can be observed, even if by one of our measures the latter started at a later date. Processes of market integration, however, seemed to slow from the end of the nineteenth century. Explanations are offered as to the causes of the extent and timing of integrations: reductions, mainly, in transportation costs, but also in information costs, and, in the international market, protectionism. The influence of cartels, on the other hand, may have been limited, particularly in the international market.
First episode rapid early intervention for eating disorders (FREED): From research to routine clinical practice
Authors: Allen Karina L. , Mountford Victoria , Brown Amy , Richards Katie , Grant Nina , Austin Amelia , Glennon Danielle , Schmidt Ulrike
Published: February 2020

Aims

Eating disorders are serious psychiatric disorders with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Early intervention can improve treatment outcomes and reduce disruption to psychosocial development. However, early intervention is not well established in the eating disorder field. First episode rapid early intervention for eating disorders (FREED) was developed to address barriers to early, effective eating disorder treatment in emerging adults aged 16 to 25 years. Since 2014, FREED has progressed from a single‐site research project to an evidence‐based care approach in nine eating disorder services. This paper aims to summarize key learning from the scaling of FREED to date, with attention to how this learning may generalizes to other models of care.

Methods

We describe the development, scaling and implementation of FREED with reference to the RE‐AIM (reach; effectiveness/efficacy; adoption; implementation; maintenance) framework. We also summarize challenges and learning in each of the RE‐AIM domains.

Results

FREED has demonstrated real‐world validity across diverse clinical contexts, geographical regions and populations. Key outcomes are seen for each of the RE‐AIM domains.

Conclusions

FREED provides an example of effective, non‐commercial scaling of an early intervention eating disorder care pathway. This work is likely to be particularly relevant to others looking to scale‐up early intervention models and for those working in secondary and tertiary mental health settings.
A prospective case series of sphenopalatine ganglion pulsed radiofrequency therapy for refractory chronic cluster headache
Authors: Lazzari Z. T. , Palmisani S. , Hill B. , Al‐Kaisy A. , Lambru G.
Published: February 2020

Background and purpose

The management options for chronic cluster headache (CCH) are limited and a significant proportion of patients become refractory to pharmacological treatments. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) of the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) may present an efficacious, minimally invasive treatment modality for patients with refractory CCH. We describe the clinical outcomes of 14 patients with refractory CCH treated with PRF of the SPG.

Methods

Patients with medically refractory CCH who underwent percutaneous SPG‐PRF treatment between January 2016 and April 2019 were included in this report. Patients obtaining at least 30% reduction in weekly cluster attacks for at least 3 months were defined as responders. Treatment‐related side effects were collected.

Results

A total of 14 patients were included in this report (nine males). At a median follow‐up of 6.5 (range 6–13) months post‐procedure, eight patients (57.1%) were defined as responders to the treatment. Six patients were non‐responders and reported either a reduction in frequency and severity of attacks for <3 months (2/6), no improvement (2/6) or temporary worsening of symptoms (1/6). The majority of patients (63.6%, n = 7/11) treated with >45 V were responders compared with responders treated with 45 V (33.3%, n = 1/3). Five patients (35.7%) experienced post‐procedural side effects.

Conclusion

This case series suggests that PRF targeting the SPG might offer a safe, minimally invasive and effective treatment for medically refractory CCH. Given the small number of cases and the short follow‐up, larger and more robust studies will be needed to confirm our findings.
Bioavailability and safety of diazepam intranasal solution compared to oral and rectal diazepam in healthy volunteers
Authors: Hogan R. Edward , Gidal Barry E. , Koplowitz Barry , Koplowitz Luana P. , Lowenthal Richard E. , Carrazana Enrique
Published: February 2020

Objective

The study assesses the bioavailability of diazepam after intranasal administration (diazepam nasal spray) in healthy volunteers. Comparative agents were diazepam rectal gel, which served as the regulatory reference product; and oral diazepam, a product with decades of clinical use. Tolerability of diazepam nasal spray was also assessed.

Methods

This was a phase 1, open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, three‐treatment, three‐period, six‐sequence crossover study in 48 healthy adult subjects that consisted of a screening period, a baseline period, and an open‐label treatment period. Interperiod intervals were at least 28 days.

Results

Forty‐eight healthy volunteer subjects were enrolled, two of whom discontinued before receiving study medication. For all routes of administration, the onset of diazepam absorption was rapid, with measurable concentrations of drug present by the first sample time point. The tmax (time to reach maximum plasma concentration) was similar for diazepam nasal spray and diazepam rectal gel, both of which were slower than oral diazepam in fasted individuals. Variability (as defined by % coefficient of variation of geometric mean) in peak plasma concentration and area under the curve0‐∞ was lowest with oral diazepam, followed by diazepam nasal spray, with diazepam rectal gel showing the greatest variability. Overall, 131 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were considered mild (42 subjects, 91.3%), four TEAEs were considered moderate (four subjects, 8.3%), and no TEAEs were considered severe. The most commonly reported TEAE was somnolence at 56.5% (26/46) during diazepam nasal spray treatment, 89.1% (41/46) with the rectal diazepam gel treatment, and 82.6% (38/46) with oral diazepam treatment. No nasal irritation was observed for the majority of the subjects at any time point after administration, with no score higher than 2 (“minor bleeding that stops within 1 minute”).

Significance

Diazepam nasal spray shows predicable pharmacokinetics and represents a potential novel therapeutic approach to control bouts of increased seizure activity (cluster seizures, acute repetitive seizures).
Couple Adjustment and Differentiation of Self in the United States, Italy, and Spain: A Cross‐Cultural Study
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Martiño , Lampis Jessica , Murdock Nancy L. , Schweer‐Collins Maria L. , Lyons Emma R.
Published: February 2020

This study comprises a first attempt to explore a cross‐cultural application of Bowen family systems theory and examines the relationship between differentiation of self and couple adjustment using measurement invariance. A sample of 2,141 individuals (n = 915 from the United States; n = 635 from Italy; n = 591 from Spain) completed measures of differentiation of self (DSI‐R; Skowron & Schmitt, J Marital Fam Ther, 29, 2003, 209) and couple adjustment (DAS; Spanier, J Marriage Fam, 38, 1976, 15). Results showed evidence of partial measurement equivalence for the DSI‐R across the three samples. Additionally, results from latent regression showed that less emotional cutoff predicted greater couple adjustment in the United States, Spain, and Italy, whereas greater emotional reactivity predicted poorer couple adjustment only in the more collectivistic cultures, Spain and Italy. Our findings are consistent with prior empirical studies, which suggest that emotional cutoff is a strong predictor of relationship adjustment. The use of measurement invariance provides a foundation for future studies to continue employing rigorous statistical methods when examining constructs across different cultures. The findings highlight culture‐specific similarities and differences in differentiation that may benefit practitioners by informing psychotherapy with individuals, couples, or families from diverse populations.
Wide‐range and accurate mixed‐mode weight functions and stress intensity factors for cracked discs
Authors: Xu Wu , Rao Danyu , Wu Xueren , Tong Dihua , Zhao Xiaochen
Published: February 2020

The Wu‐Carlsson displacement‐based weight function method is extended to obtain the mode I and mode II weight functions for the edge‐ and centre‐cracked discs. Compared with Fett's direct adjustment weight functions for the edge‐cracked discs, the present weight functions are more accurate and are applicable for a wider range of crack lengths. Using the present weight functions, extensive and highly accurate mixed‐mode stress intensity factors are obtained for the cracked discs subjected to diametrically compressive forces. Assuming perfect contact and using Coulomb friction law and the present weight functions, the mode II stress intensity factors for the cracked discs with consideration of friction are obtained and widely compared with the corresponding results from finite element analyses.
Construction of a high‐density genetic linkage map and identification of QTLs for main agronomic traits of tetraploid hybrid crested wheatgrass
Authors: Yu Xiaoxia , Ma Yanhong , Jiang Zhiyan , Shi Yue , Yang Dongsheng , Yu Zhuo
Published: February 2020

The composition and structure of the crested wheatgrass genome are still poorly understood. In the present study, using 347 F2 individuals from the chromosome doubling of intra‐specific hybrids F1 plants by a cross of diploid Agropyron mongplicum × Agropyron cristatum as mapping population, an effort was made to construct a high‐density genetic linkage map based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and identify quantitative trait locus (QTLs) for main agronomic traits of tetraploid hybrid crested wheatgrass. The map contained 766 markers, which were ordered in 14 linkage groups, and covered a total of 2,574.3 cM with an average distance of 3.82 cM between adjacent markers. It is the genetic linkage map with the largest number of molecular markers of the crested wheatgrass and the first map for tetraploid crested wheatgrass. A total of 136 QTLs were identified for 11 traits, of which 45 were major QTLs. A total of 23 QTLs co‐localized with 14 AFLP markers and nine SSR markers, respectively, and showed a great potential for marker‐assisted selection in improving these traits. A total of 30 QTLs showed pleiotropism, and the consensus QTLs were further integrated into seven pleiotropic unique QTLs. The significant co‐localization of QTLs was consistent with the significant phenotypic correlations among these traits. The results lay a foundation for map‐based cloning, functional analysis and designing molecular breeding of favorable genes in crested wheatgrass of further study.
Human THO maintains the stability of repetitive DNA
Authors: Katahira Jun , Senokuchi Kohei , Hieda Miki
Published: February 2020

The evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex THO/TREX is required for pre‐mRNA processing, mRNA export and the maintenance of genome stability. In this study, we analyzed the genome‐wide distribution of human THOC7, a component of human THO, by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. The analysis revealed that human THOC7 occupies repetitive sequences, which include microsatellite repeats in genic and intergenic regions and telomeric repeats. The majority of the THOC7 ChIP peaks overlapped with those of the elongating form of RNA polymerase II and R‐loops, indicating that THOC7 accumulates in transcriptionally active repeat regions. Knocking down THOC5, an RNA‐binding component of human THO, by siRNA induced the accumulation of γH2AX in the repeat regions. We also observed an aberration in the telomeres in the THOC5‐depleted condition. These results suggest that human THO restrains the transcription‐associated instability of repeat regions in the human genome.
Video feedback: A novel application to enhance person‐centred dementia communication
Authors: O'Rourke Deanne J. , Lobchuk Michelle M. , Thompson Genevieve N. , Lengyel Christina
Published: February 2020

Aim

A discussion of the use of video feedback as an effective and feasible method to promote person‐centred communication approaches within dementia care and long‐term care.

Background

Effective strategies to integrate person‐centred approaches into health care settings have attracted global attention and research in the past two decades. Video feedback has emerged as technique to enhance reflective learning and person‐centred practice change in some care settings; however, it has not been tested in the context of person‐centred dementia communication in long‐term care.

Design

Discussion paper.

Data Sources

Articles dating from 1995 to 2018 retrieved via searches of the SCOPUS, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Cochrane Systematic Review databases.

Implications for Nursing

Inclusion of video feedback in a person‐centred dementia communication intervention for nurses and other health care providers may effectively fill a gap evident in the literature. This intervention can offer feedback of enhanced quality and enduring impact on behaviour change relative to traditional training.

Conclusion

A critical review of empirical and theoretical evidence supports video feedback as a potential means to enhance person‐centred communication within the context of dementia and long‐term care. The promising benefits of video feedback present a novel research opportunity to pilot its use to enhance person‐centred communication between nurses/health care providers and persons with dementia in long‐term care.
Factors affecting postmusculoskeletal tumour surgery wound problem treatment with negative pressure wound therapy
Authors: Baysal Özgür , Sağlam Fevzi , Akgülle Ahmet Hamdi , Sofulu Ömer , Yiğit Okan , Şirin Evrim , Erol Bülent
Published: February 2020

The aim of the study is to investigate the risk factors identified in literature that have been associated with prolonged Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT). Our study included patients who developed local wound problems after bone or soft tissue sarcoma surgery with negative margin at our clinic between 2012 and 2018 and treated with NPWT. All patients were followed up of at least 6 months. Sex, albumin level, skin infiltration, type of wound problem, postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) requirement, and intraoperative blood loss were found to be influential factors on NPWT > 10 sessions. We conclude that treatment may be prolonged and the necessary precautions need to be taken in patients with an impaired preoperative nutritional condition, with intraoperative high amount of blood loss, and with long postoperative stays in the ICU as well as if the underlying cause for wound problem is an infection.