bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on polyethylenimine-derivatized gold surfaces for catalysis of Suzuki reactions: development and application in a lab-on-a-chip context
Authors: Anaspure Prasad , Suriyanarayanan Subramanian , Nicholls Ian A.
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on polyethylenimine-derivatized gold surfaces for catalysis of Suzuki reactions: development and application in a lab-on-a-chip context’ by Prasad Anaspure et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 35161–35164. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA06851B.
Disturbed, diffuse, or just missing?
Authors: Jones M. G. , Verdes-Montenegro L. , Moldon J. , Damas Segovia A. , Borthakur S. , Luna S. , Yun M. , del Olmo A. , Perea J. , Cannon J. , Lopez Gutierrez D. , Cluver M. , Garrido J. , Sanchez S.
Published: December 2022

Context. Hickson compact groups (HCGs) are dense configurations of four to ten galaxies, whose H I morphology appears to follow an evolutionary sequence of three phases, with gas initially confined to galaxies, then significant amounts spread throughout the intra-group medium, and finally with almost no gas remaining in the galaxies themselves. It has also been suggested that several groups may harbour a diffuse H I component that is resolved out by interferometric observations.

Aims. The H I deficiency of HCGs is expected to increase as the H I morphological phase progresses along the evolutionary sequence. If this is the case, H I deficiency would be a rough proxy for the age and evolutionary state of a HCG. We aim to test this hypothesis for the first time using a large sample of HCGs and to investigate the evidence for diffuse H I in HCGs.

Methods. We performed a uniform reduction of all publicly available VLA H I observations (38 HCGs) with a purpose-built pipeline that also maximises the reproducibility of this study. The resulting H I data cubes were then analysed with the latest software tools to perform a manual separation of emission features into those belonging to galaxies and those extending into the intra-group medium. We thereby classified the H I morphological phase of each group as well as quantified their H I deficiency compared to galaxies in isolation.

Results. We find little evidence that H I deficiency can be used as a proxy for the evolutionary phase of a compact group in either of the first two phases, with the distribution of H I deficiency being consistent in both. However, for the final phase, the distribution clearly shifts to high H I deficiencies, with more than 90% of the expected H I content typically missing. Across all HCGs studied, we identify a few cases where there is strong evidence for a diffuse gas component in the intra-group medium, which might be detectable with improved observations. We also classify a new sub-phase where groups contain a lone H I-bearing galaxy, but are otherwise devoid of gas.

Conclusions. The new morphological phase we have identified is likely the result of an evolved, gas-poor group acquiring a new, gas-rich member. The large spread of H I deficiencies in the first two morphological phases suggests that there is a broad range of initial H I content in HCGs, which is perhaps influenced by large-scale environment, and that the timescale for morphological changes is, in general, considerably shorter than the timescale for the destruction or consumption of neutral gas in these systems.
ToF-SIMS and XPS characterizations of model fission products (I, Cs) deposits after thermal treatment simulating late phase conditions of a nuclear power plant severe accident
Authors: Le Fessant Elouan , Gregoire Anne-Cécile , Nuns Nicolas , Simon Pardis , Mamede Anne-Sophie , Paul Jean-François , Cantrel Laurent
Published: December 2022

During a Severe Accident (SA) occurring in a nuclear power plant, many Fission Products (FP) are released from the degraded fuel and are transported in the Reactor Coolant System (RCS). Depending on their volatility, FP can be either deposited on the surface of the Reactor Coolant System (RCS) or transported into the containment building from where they may be released into the environment in case of early containment failure. This was the case for the Fukushima Daiichi (FD) accident with important FP releases which were observed following the containment vessel failure which lasted up to several weeks after the accident. If early phase releases were well predicted by SA simulation codes, delayed releases were not correctly predicted [1]. Such discrepancies can be attributed to the revaporization of deposits inside the RCS which were not yet modeled in the SA simulation tools. Previous experiments over the past 20 years evidenced the possible formation and revaporization of CsI [2]. However, up to now, no clear CsI revaporization mechanism has been determined. In order to propose a mechanism, this study (scheduled within the OECD/NEA/ESTER project) aims at determining the speciation of each species remaining on the substrate after revaporization tests under different conditions using XPS and ToF-SIMS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. These two combined techniques allow the identification of the main species of the residue leading to the proposition of two revaporization reactions.
High resolution and time resolved photoemission spectroscopy for developing more efficient materials to reduce energy consumption and increase renewable energy production
Authors: Silly Mathieu G.
Published: December 2022

Due to the increase of energy consumption and the resulting ecological challenge, a collective awareness leads to the development of renewable energies and more efficient materials to increase the green energy production. Development of efficient photovoltaic materials is very closely related to their chemical and electronic properties. A better knowledge of these imbricated properties is needed, in addition to a better comprehension of their interplay with charge transport mechanisms. Exciton creation and recombination processes, charge transfer and charge collection processes take place at the surface and interface of the photoactive materials. Photoemission spectroscopy as chemical specific and surface sensitive spectroscopic technique is a method of choice on the study of physical phenomena at the origin of photoconversion efficiency. Time resolved photoemission spectroscopy has been recently renewed interest covering time scale from fs to more than seconds. It permits to probe the dynamics of relaxation of photoexcited charges and determine their lifetime. It finds application in various materials used in solar photovoltaics. In this paper, we define the physical and chemical properties determined by the combination of high resolution and time resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We show examples dealing with the development of renewable energy and energy consumption reduction in agreement with the current ecological trend for a better future.
Tau-PET Bildgebung der Bewegungsstörungen
Authors: Beyer Leonie , Brendel Matthias
Published: December 2022

Innerhalb der Bewegungsstörungen bilden die Tauopathien eine heterogene Gruppe
neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen ab, zu denen die Progressive supranukläre Blickparese (PSP)
und die kortikobasale Degeneration (CBD) zählen. Seit mehr als 10 Jahren werden
tau-spezifische Radiotracer zur Verwendung mittels Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET)
entwickelt. Während Tau-PET-Radioliganden der ersten Generation nur einen moderaten Nutzen bei
der Detektion der Bewegungsstörungen mit Tau Pathologie belegen konnten, zeigten
weiterentwickelte Tau-PET-Radioliganden ein größeres Potenzial für die Differenzialdiagnostik.
Zukünftig könnte die Tau-PET bei Bewegungsstörungen zum Screening bei gegen Tau gerichteten
Therapiestudien dienen.
Update Amyloid-Bildgebung in der Diagnostik der Neurodegeneration
Authors: Drzezga Alexander , Giehl Kathrin
Published: December 2022

Die Amyloid-PET Bildgebung stellt ein modernes, zugelassenes Verfahren der molekularen
Bildgebung dar, welches den Nachweis der für die Alzheimer-Erkrankung (AE) typischen
Amyloid-Plaque-Ablagerungen im Gehirn in vivo ermöglicht. Diese
Methode hat erstmals die Möglichkeit eröffnet, neurodegenerative Erkrankungen durch den
direkten nicht invasiven Nachweis oder Ausschluss einer spezifischen Neuropathologie
ätiologisch diagnostisch näher einzuordnen. Ein positiver Amyloid-Scan kann auf das Vorliegen
einer für die AE typischen Pathologie hinweisen, ist aber nicht gleichbedeutend mit der
Diagnose einer Demenz. Ein negativer Amyloid-Scan macht das Vorliegen einer ablaufenden AE
dagegen sehr unwahrscheinlich. Das bildgebende Verfahren ist dabei alleine nicht ausreichend
für eine Diagnosestellung, sondern muss im Kontext mit der klinisch/neuropsychologischen
Information interpretiert werden. Die Amyloid-Bildgebung kann das Vorliegen von
Amyloid-Ablagerungen schon in frühen Erkrankungsstadien, wie bei der leichten kognitiven
Störung, visualisieren und damit auch von prognostischem Nutzen sein. Differenzialdiagnostisch
kann die Amyloid-Bildgebung einerseits symptomatisch atypische Erscheinungsformen der AE
identifizieren und andererseits auch klinisch fälschlich als Alzheimer-Demenz imponierende
Erkrankungen anderer Ursache ausschließen. Einen klaren Stellenwert hat die Amyloid-Bildgebung
darüber hinaus als Einschlusskriterium für neue Therapieverfahren, die sich gegen die
Amyloid-Ablagerungen richten.
Update diagnostische Bildgebung des dopaminergen Systems
Authors: Tatsch Klaus
Published: December 2022

Die Arbeit gibt ein Update zu dem Einsatz der SPECT- und PET-Bildgebung des prä- und
postsynaptischen dopaminergen Systems bei klinisch wichtigen Bewegungsstörungen. Die typischen
Untersuchungsbefunde bei neurodegenerativen Parkinson-Syndromen (idiopathisch und
nicht-idiopathisch), symptomatischen Parkinson-Syndromen und wichtigen Differentialdiagnosen
werden beschrieben. Es wird auf den klinisch praktischen Stellenwert der Methoden eingegangen,
deren diagnostische Aussagekraft und Limitationen bewertet, das Thema standardisierter
Auswertungen angesprochen und auf die in Leitlinien festgehaltenen Einsatzbereiche Bezug
genommen.
Editorial
Authors: Jung B.A.
Published: December 2022

Sehr geehrte Kolleginnen und Kollegen!

In dieser Ausgabe fokussieren wir schwerpunktmäßig die Themen CMD und
Kieferorthopädie, lebensbezogene Lebensqualität von Kindern und
Jugendlichen sowie das Extraktionsmanagement und die Behandlung von MIH-betroffenen
Zähnen. Dazu stellen renommierte Kollegen aus dem klinischen und
universitären Umfeld aktuelle Beiträge exklusiv für diese
Ausgabe zur Verfügung. Zusätzlich werden die Beiträge durch
das Thema CAD/CAM ergänzt, das für die Praxis wertvolle
Einblicke in den digitalen Workflow von der Planung bis zur Fertigstellung
metallischer kieferorthopädischer Apparaturen liefert. Aber auch den
praktischen Kollegen möchten wir in dieser Ausgabe die Möglichkeit
bieten, spannende Kasuistiken der Leserschaft vorzustellen.
Lückenschluss nach Extraktion von Sechsjahrmolaren mit
Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation unterstützt durch das
myofunktionell-kieferorthopädische Therapiekonzept
„mykie“ – Ein Fallbericht
Authors: Bulski Julia Camilla , Schulz-Weidner Nelly , Freudenberg Andrea
Published: December 2022

Die Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) stellt den behandelnden Zahnarzt
und Kieferorthopäden vor schwierige Therapieentscheidungen. Einerseits
stellt der Zahnerhalt die höchste Priorität dar, ist aber bei
einer großflächigen Zerstörung des Zahnes, oft begleitet
mit ausgeprägten Hypersensitivitäten, nicht immer zu
gewährleisten. Der vorliegende Patientenfall skizziert einen
Therapieansatz, bei dem die vier Sechsjahrmolaren aufgrund von MIH sehr
frühzeitig im Alter von 8,9 Jahren extrahiert wurden. Der hier
durchgeführte Lückenschluss wurde mit dem kombiniert
myofunktionell-kieferorthopädischen Behandlungskonzept mykie (=
myofunktionelle Kieferorthopädie) unterstützt.

Space Closure After Extraction of Permanent First Molars with molar incisor
hypomineralization Supported by the Myofunctional-Orthodontic Therapy
Concept mykie – A Case Report
Laboratory Testing for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Antibodies: A Narrative Review
Authors: Warkentin Theodore E. , Greinacher Andreas
Published: December 2022

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) are highly prothrombotic (thrombosis frequency ≥50%). Both are caused by platelet-activating anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies, forming PF4/IgG-containing immune complexes that engage platelet FcγIIa receptors, producing strong platelet activation. In HIT, heparin crosslinks several PF4 molecules, whereas in VITT, anti-PF4 antibodies alone crosslink PF4. Sufficient levels of circulating anti-PF4 antibodies are needed to create the pathogenic immune complexes on platelet surfaces; this explains why certain serum (plasma)-based assays are highly sensitive for detecting HIT/VITT antibodies. Accordingly, HIT and VITT are “clinical-pathological” disorders, that is, positive testing for such antibodies—together with a compatible clinical picture—is integral for diagnosis. Heparin (low concentrations) enhances HIT antibody-induced platelet activation, but platelet activation by VITT sera is usually inhibited by heparin. For both HIT and VITT, high sensitivity (>99% and >95%, respectively) characterizes PF4-dependent enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and PF4-enhanced platelet activation assays; in contrast, certain rapid immunoassays have high sensitivity for HIT (>90-97%) but poor sensitivity (<25%) for VITT. HIT and VITT antibodies are directed at distinct sites on PF4: solid-phase EIAs and platelet activation assays are indifferent to these distinct antigen targets, but rapid immunoassays are not. We discuss a conceptual model where PF4 is viewed as a “globe,” with the heparin-binding site the “equator”; in this model, HIT antibodies are primarily directed at antigen site(s) at the north and south “poles” of PF4 (formed when PF4 binds to heparin), whereas VITT antibodies recognize sites on the equator.
Computing committors via Mahalanobis diffusion maps with enhanced sampling data
Authors: Evans L. , Cameron M. K. , Tiwary P.
Published: December 2022

The study of phenomena such as protein folding and conformational changes in molecules is a central theme in chemical physics. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is the primary tool for the study of transition processes in biomolecules, but it is hampered by a huge timescale gap between the processes of interest and atomic vibrations that dictate the time step size. Therefore, it is imperative to combine MD simulations with other techniques in order to quantify the transition processes taking place on large timescales. In this work, the diffusion map with Mahalanobis kernel, a meshless approach for approximating the Backward Kolmogorov Operator (BKO) in collective variables, is upgraded to incorporate standard enhanced sampling techniques, such as metadynamics. The resulting algorithm, which we call the target measure Mahalanobis diffusion map (tm-mmap), is suitable for a moderate number of collective variables in which one can approximate the diffusion tensor and free energy. Imposing appropriate boundary conditions allows use of the approximated BKO to solve for the committor function and utilization of transition path theory to find the reactive current delineating the transition channels and the transition rate. The proposed algorithm, tm-mmap, is tested on the two-dimensional Moro–Cardin two-well system with position-dependent diffusion coefficient and on alanine dipeptide in two collective variables where the committor, the reactive current, and the transition rate are compared to those computed by the finite element method (FEM). Finally, tm-mmap is applied to alanine dipeptide in four collective variables where the use of finite elements is infeasible.
Loading a quantum gas from a hybrid dimple trap to a shell trap
Authors: Rey David , Thomas Simon , Sharma Rishabh , Badr Thomas , Longchambon Laurent , Dubessy Romain , Perrin Hélène
Published: December 2022

Starting from a degenerate Bose gas in a hybrid trap combining a magnetic quadrupole trap and an attractive optical trap resulting from a focused laser beam, we demonstrate the efficient loading of this quantum gas into a shell-shaped trap. The shell trap is purely magnetic and relies on adiabatic potentials for atoms in an inhomogeneous magnetic field dressed by a radiofrequency (rf) field. We show that direct rf evaporation in the hybrid trap enables an efficient and simple preparation of the cold sample, well adapted to the subsequent loading procedure. The transfer into the shell trap is adiabatic and limits the final excitation of the center-of-mass motion to below 2 μm.
Laser-induced Fano asymmetry, electron-phonon coupling, and phase transition in lanthanide sesquioxide (Ln2O3; Ln = Eu, Gd, Dy) nanoparticles: A Raman spectroscopic investigation
Authors: Bhattacharjee Souvik , Chattopadhyay Kalyan Kumar
Published: December 2022

Laser power-dependent Raman spectroscopy is deployed to probe Fano interference in asymmetrically broadened Tg modes and the associated line shift in three technologically sound, meticulously characterized rare-earth sesquioxide systems. Group theoretical analysis is accompanied to introspect the Raman-active optic modes in cubic, monoclinic, and trigonal phases and identify the laser heating-induced local phase transitions. With increasing laser intensity, a regular redshift and larger negative asymmetry in the Raman peaks are detected, which is attributed to moderations in Fano scattering by enhanced electron–phonon coupling amid the focussed photoexcited electron plasma and is illustrated using a Feynman diagram. A quantitative study is thereby performed to unveil the intrinsic nature of discrete-continuum Fano resonance in the nanoparticles of interest emphasizing the high sensitivity of Raman spectra to the excitation strength that perturbs the generic vibrational features at the Brillouin zone center by influencing the interference conditions, force constant, and length of the associated bonds compelled by tensile stress. A rising trend of the charge–phonon coupling constant (λ) with laser power validates a stronger particle–quasiparticle coupling, whereas a shorter anharmonic phonon lifetime (τanh) indicates faster interactions. Using Allen's formalism, the charge density of states [N(εF)] at the Fermi level per spin and molecule is calculated, which pertains to a negative regression dependence in the λN(εF)−τanh dynamics.
Spin pumping at interfaces with ferro- and paramagnetic Fe60Al40 films acting as spin source and spin sink
Authors: Strusch T. , Lenz K. , Meckenstock R. , Bali R. , Ehrler J. , Lindner J. , Fassbender J. , Farle M. , Potzger K. , Semisalova A.
Published: December 2022

We present a study of spin pumping efficiency and determine the spin mixing conductance and spin diffusion length in thin bilayer films based on 3d transition metal alloy Fe60Al40. Due to its magnetostructural phase transition, Fe60Al40 can be utilized as a ferromagnetic (FM) or paramagnetic (PM) material at the same temperature depending on its structural order; thus a thin Fe60Al40 film can act as a spin source or a spin sink when interfaced with a paramagnet or a ferromagnet, respectively. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements were performed in a frequency range of 5–35 GHz on bilayer films composed of FM–Fe60Al40/Pd and PM–Fe60Al40/Ni80Fe20 (permalloy). The increase in damping with the thickness of the paramagnetic layer was interpreted as a result of spin pumping into the paramagnet. We determine the spin mixing conductance gPd↑↓=(3.8±0.5)×1018m−2 at the FM–Fe60Al40/Pd interface and the spin diffusion length λPd=9.1±2.0nm in Pd. For the PM–Fe60Al40/permalloy interface, we find a spin mixing conductance gFeAl↑↓=(2.1±0.2)×1018m−2 and a spin diffusion length λFeAl=11.9±0.2nm for PM–Fe60Al40. The demonstrated bi-functionality of the Fe60Al40 alloy in spin pumping structures may be promising for spintronic applications.
Structure of diopside, enstatite, and magnesium aluminosilicate glasses: A joint approach using neutron and x-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR
Authors: Mohammadi Hesameddin , Mendes Da Silva Rita , Zeidler Anita , Gammond Lawrence V. D. , Gehlhaar Florian , de Oliveira Marcos , Damasceno Hugo , Eckert Hellmut , Youngman Randall E. , Aitken Bruce G. , Fischer Henry E. , Kohlmann Holger , Cormier Laurent , Benmore Chris J. , Salmon Philip S.
Published: December 2022

Neutron diffraction with magnesium isotope substitution, high energy x-ray diffraction, and 29Si, 27Al, and 25Mg solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to measure the structure of glassy diopside (CaMgSi2O6), enstatite (MgSiO3), and four (MgO)x(Al2O3)y(SiO2)1−x−y glasses, with x = 0.375 or 0.25 along the 50 mol. % silica tie-line (1 − x − y = 0.5) or with x = 0.3 or 0.2 along the 60 mol. % silica tie-line (1 − x − y = 0.6). The bound coherent neutron scattering length of the isotope 25Mg was remeasured, and the value of 3.720(12) fm was obtained from a Rietveld refinement of the powder diffraction patterns measured for crystalline 25MgO. The diffraction results for the glasses show a broad asymmetric distribution of Mg–O nearest-neighbors with a coordination number of 4.40(4) and 4.46(4) for the diopside and enstatite glasses, respectively. As magnesia is replaced by alumina along a tie-line with 50 or 60 mol. % silica, the Mg–O coordination number increases with the weighted bond distance as less Mg2+ ions adopt a network-modifying role and more of these ions adopt a predominantly charge-compensating role. 25Mg magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR results could not resolve the different coordination environments of Mg2+ under the employed field strength (14.1 T) and spinning rate (20 kHz). The results emphasize the power of neutron diffraction with isotope substitution to provide unambiguous site-specific information on the coordination environment of magnesium in disordered materials.
ReaxFF-based nonadiabatic dynamics method for azobenzene derivatives
Authors: Osthues Helena , Doltsinis Nikos L.
Published: December 2022

ReaxFF reactive force fields have been parameterized for the ground and first excited states of azobenzene and its derivatives. In addition, an extended set of ab initio reference data ensures wide applicability, including to azosystems in complex environments. Based on the optimized force fields, nonadiabatic surface hopping simulations produce photoisomerization quantum yields and decay times of azobenzene, both in the gas phase and in n-hexane solution, in reasonable agreement with higher level theory and experiment. The transferability to other azo-compounds is illustrated for different arylazopyrazoles as well as ethylene-bridged azobenzene. Moreover, it has been shown that the model can be easily extended to adsorbates on metal surfaces. The simulation of the ring-opening of cyclobutene triggered by the photoisomerization of azobenzene in a macrocycle highlights the advantages of a reactive force field model.
The Commonwealth Criminal Code restricts the use of carriage services to access voluntary assisted dying in Victoria: a perspective
Authors: Furness Kate , Howe Jim , Chipman Mitchell , Parsotam Nirasha , O’Connor Margaret
Published: December 2022

A major barrier to Victorians with a terminal illness accessing voluntary assisted dying is the Commonwealth Criminal Code Amendment (Suicide Related Material Offences) 2005 (the Code), which prohibits the use of any electronic forms of communication when discussing suicide. The proliferation of telehealth as a means of access to medical practitioners as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the anachronistic prohibition of such communication in relation to voluntary assisted dying, particularly in Victoria, as the federal law arguably prohibits its use. In this paper we explore the definition of suicide and its application to voluntary assisted dying and argue for a revision of the Code, to enable equitable and timely access to voluntary assisted dying for people of Victoria.
Validation and genetic characterisation of a seed weight quantitative trait locus, qSW17.1, in progenies of cultivated and wild soybean
Authors: Liu Dequan , Park Cheolwoo , Wang Qingyu , Xu Donghe
Published: December 2022

Context Seed weight is an important agronomic trait for determining yield and appearance quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Understanding the genetic basis of seed weight might lead to improvement of these traits in soybean by optimising different genes or alleles controlling seed weight. Aims A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for seed weight, qSW17.1, was identified previously. In this study, we used progenies of cultivated soybean and wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.) for further validation and characterisation of qSW17.1. Methods A BC4F2 population, a heterogeneous inbred family (HIF) population, and a pair of qSW17.1 near-isogenic lines (NILs) developed from progenies of a cross between cultivated soybean variety Jackson and wild soybean accession JWS156-1 were cultivated under field conditions. QTL analysis and candidate gene mining were conducted. Key results A QTL corresponding to qSW17.1, which explained 19.84% and 31.71% of the total phenotypic variance in BC4F2 and HIF populations, respectively, was detected. The NIL with the cultivated soybean allele showed higher shoot biomass than the NIL with the wild soybean allele under hydroponic growth conditions, suggesting that the large-seed-size allele of qSW17.1 might be beneficial in soybean seedling establishment. qSW17.1 was delimited to a physical interval of 2515 kb on chromosome 17. Glyma.17G108500 showed a large (~3.27-fold) difference in expression between the two NILs, and was considered a candidate gene underlying qSW17.1. Implications Our results provide valuable information regarding the genetic basis of seed weight control in soybean and its utilisation in soybean molecular breeding.
Isolated middle cerebral artery stenosis caused by syphilitic vasculitis
Authors: Zhang Ping , Chen Lei , Chen Shiyue , Wu Tao , Zhang Yongwei
Published: December 2022

Background Syphilitic vasculitis (SV) is rare and difficult to be diagnosed. High-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (HR-VWI) might be valuable in the diagnosis by differentiating SV from other vessel wall pathologies. Methods We report a rare case with severe isolated middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis and cerebral infarction, which was evaluated by serial HR-VWI. Results A 46-year-old woman presented with an acute infarct in the left basal ganglia and severe isolated stenosis in left middle cerebral artery (MCA). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was performed and the findings were consistent with neurosyphilis diagnosis. The MCA stenosis was also suspected to be the result of SV. HR-VWI revealed the evidence of concentric thickening and circular uniform enhancement of the arterial wall. After two cycles of anti-syphilis treatment, subsequent HR-VWI showed that the MCA stenosis was reduced significantly except slight enhancement of the arterial wall, which confirmed that the SV caused the isolated MCA stenosis. Conclusions HR-VWI could be an important diagnostic tool for isolated middle cerebral artery stenosis caused by SV, which could serve as a biomarker for assessing the response to anti-syphilis treatment in the future.
Buckling instability and compressive deformation of Ni-Co-Cr medium-entropy alloy nanotubes
Authors: Lu Yu-Sheng , Fang Te-Hua
Published: December 2022

The aspect ratio has a significant effect on buckling instability. In this study, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to investigate the buckling instability mechanism of NiCoCr medium-entropy alloy (MEA) nanotubes (NTs) under the compression process. Based on the compression results, we find that the buckling point and the critical buckling stress decrease with increasing aspect ratio. The critical buckling stress of the MD simulations resembles the Euler and Rayleigh–Ritz theories. The critical aspect ratio of 10 showed instability at NiCoCr NTs. In addition, we found that the compressive strength of single-crystalline specimens is much higher than that of polycrystalline specimens. Partial dislocations (PDs) dominated by stacking faults and twinning structures are mainly distributed on the grain boundaries of small grain specimens and decrease with increasing grain size. We also found that polycrystalline structures tend to induce buckling instability. The wall thickness specimen of the 7 nm has confirmed similar compressive strength as the nanowire. The compressive strength decreases as the wall thickness decreases. More stress concentration and PDs distributed in the specimen when the wall thickness is reduced to 1 nm, and it is easier to induce buckling instability at NiCoCr MEA NTs.
Analysis of a convex time skew calibration for light sharing-based PET detectors
Authors: Naunheim Stephan , Kuhl Yannick , Solf Torsten , Schug David , Schulz Volkmar , Mueller Florian
Published: December 2022

Objective. Positron emission tomography (PET) detectors providing attractive coincidence time resolutions (CTRs) offer time-of-flight information, resulting in an improved signal-to-noise ratio of the PET image. In applications with photosensor arrays that employ timestampers for individual channels, timestamps typically are not time synchronized, introducing time skews due to different signal pathways. The scintillator topology and transportation of the scintillation light might provoke further skews. If not accounted for these effects, the achievable CTR deteriorates. We studied a convex timing calibration based on a matrix equation. In this work, we extended the calibration concept to arbitrary structures targeting different aspects of the time skews and focusing on optimizing the CTR performance for detector characterization. The radiation source distribution, the stability of the estimations, and the energy dependence of calibration data are subject to the analysis. Approach. A coincidence setup, equipped with a semi-monolithic detector comprising 8 LYSO slabs, each 3.9 mm × 31.9 mm × 19.0 mm, and a one-to-one coupled detector with 8 × 8 LYSO segments of 3.9 mm × 3.9 mm × 19.0 mm volume is used. Both scintillators utilize a dSiPM (DPC3200-22-44, Philips Digital Photon Counting) operated in first photon trigger. The calibration was also conducted with solely one-to-one coupled detectors and extrapolated for a slab-only setup. Main results. All analyzed hyperparameters show a strong influence on the calibration. Using multiple radiation positions improved the skew estimation. The statistical significance of the calibration dataset and the utilized energy window was of great importance. Compared to a one-to-one coupled detector pair achieving CTRs of 224 ps the slab detector configuration reached CTRs down to 222 ps, demonstrating that slabs can compete with a clinically used segmented detector design. Significance. This is the first work that systematically studies the influence of hyperparameters on skew estimation and proposes an extension to arbitrary calibration structures (e.g. scintillator volumes) of a known calibration technique.
Linear scattering theory of short-pulse reflectometry
Authors: Krutkin O , Brunner S , Coda S , Aleynikov P
Published: December 2022

The linear scattering theory of short pulse reflectometry is presented. An expression for the scattering signal is obtained by applying the perturbation theory approach for solving the Helmholtz equation. Based on these analytical results, a method for measuring the radial wavenumber spectrum of the turbulence is suggested. Analytical results are validated against full-wave numerical modelling.
The conductivity and electrophysical characteristics of Janus-like TaSi2/Si nanoparticles
Authors: Torkhov N A , Nomoev A V
Published: December 2022

All applications of single nanoparticles as independent nano-objects are based not on their collective properties, but on their individual properties, which are currently insufficiently studied in the vast majority of cases. The same applies to single Janus-like TaSi2/i-Si nanoparticles, which are independent nano-objects with prominent individual properties. In this regard, a system of single Janus-like TaSi2/i-Si nano-particles with a seven percent weight content of the TaSi2 metal phase is investigated for the first time using atomic force microscopy methods, conductivity, static volt–ampere characteristics (VACs) and the spatial 3D structure of the electrostatics, namely: the thermal emissions and tunneling mechanisms responsible for current transfer through the close-contact area between TaSi2 and i-Si; the effect of a serial resistance of RS
= 156 MΩ on the VACs, the barriers ϕbm

( f) = 0.578 eV and ϕbm

(r) = 0.648 eV, large values of the ideality indices nf
= 3.61 and nr
= 5.07 for the VAC reverse and forward branches; the 3D distribution of the electrostatic potential of the surface 4.84 ⩽ Ф(x,y)⩽ 4.90 eV; the electrostatic field |
E
| = 1.76 × 106 V m−1, and the capacitive contrast ∂C(x, y)/∂z. The values of ϕbm
, which are uncharacteristic for commonly used metal/Si Schottky contacts, and the abnormally large values of n and RS
confirm the pronounced individual properties of these nanoparticles. The presence of a potential barrier in the close TaSi2/i-Si contact leads to the emergence of a space charge region with a sufficiently strong intrinsic electric field E. The latter contributes to the redistribution of electric charges and the appearance of an electric dipole moment in the particles, which increases the number of their degrees of freedom. All these individual features strongly influence the adhesion and transport properties of the particles and their interactions with electromagnetic radiation, which are of particular interest to specialists in the fields of semiconductor electronics, microwave engineering, nanomechanical systems, catalysis, and biomedicine.
Successful Al2O3 coating of superconducting niobium cavities with thermal ALD
Authors: Wenskat Marc , Deyu Getnet Kacha , González Díaz-Palacio Isabel , Blick Robert H , Zierold Robert , Hillert Wolfgang
Published: December 2022

The surface modification of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities is mandatory to further push the limits in future accelerators. One strategy is the deposition of multilayer superconducting and insulating materials on top of the inner surface of an SRF cavity. Here, we report on a successful low-temperature coating of an SRF cavity with insulating

A

l
2

O
3

by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD), without mitigating its maximum achievable accelerating field of more than 40 MV m−1. Furthermore, an improvement of the surface resistance above 30 MV m−1 has been observed, which is likely caused by an enhanced oxygen diffusion during the deposition process. Our results show that ALD is perfectly suited to provide a conformal coat to the interior of the cavity and to even modify and improve the properties of such devices.
Reliable numerical analysis for stochastic reaction-diffusion system
Authors: Yasin Muhammad W , Ahmed Nauman , Iqbal Muhammad Sajid , Rafiq Muhammad , Raza Ali , Akgül Ali
Published: December 2022

In this article, stochastic behavior of reaction diffusion brusselator model is under consideration. There are many physical phenomena which are related to chemical concentrations. One chemical concentration coincide with the other chemical concentration and their inter-diffusion is a major question to be addressed and to be understood. So, that is why Brusselator model is very proto-type and standard model that lays the foundation of any kind of that matter chemical concentrations of different substances. It also has the application in physical species as well. That is why we are considering such model. The existence of solution is guaranteed with fix-point operator, self mapping and pre-compact conditions. Nonstandard finite difference scheme and Crank-Nicolson schemes are used to show the graphical behavior of the model. The consistency and stability of the schemes are discussed and both schemes are unconditionally stable. The 3D and 2D graphs represents the concentration of the models.
Impact of liver dysfunction on outcomes in children with Alagille syndrome undergoing congenital heart surgery
Authors: Mainwaring Richard D , Felmly L Mac , Collins R Thomas , Hanley Frank L
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES

Children with Alagille syndrome often have complex forms of congenital heart defects with the majority having peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPAS) and pulmonary valve atresia (PA) or pulmonary valve stenosis. Children with Alagille syndrome also have variable amounts of liver dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of liver dysfunction on outcomes in children with Alagille syndrome undergoing congenital heart surgery.

METHODS

This was a retrospective review of 69 patients with Alagille syndrome who underwent congenital heart surgery at our institution. The underlying diagnoses included PPAS (n = 29), tetralogy of Fallot with PPAS (n = 14), tetralogy with PA (n = 3), PA with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (n = 21) and one each with D-transposition and supravalvar aortic stenosis.

RESULTS

The median age at surgery was 16 months (range 0–228 months). Procedures performed included PPAS repair (n = 43), tetralogy with PA repair (n = 3), unifocalization procedures (n = 21) and other (n = 2). Forty-two (61%) patients had mild or no liver dysfunction, while 26 (38%) had moderate or severe liver dysfunction. The median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 345 min (341 with liver dysfunction, 345 without liver dysfunction). There were a total of 8 operative (12%) deaths and 3 late (4%) deaths. Six operative and 2 late deaths occurred in patients with liver dysfunction (combined 30.7%) versus 2 operative and 1 late death (combined 7.1%) for patients without liver dysfunction (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest that liver dysfunction has a profound impact on survival in children with Alagille syndrome undergoing congenital heart surgery.
Concomitant tricuspid valve repair in left ventricular assist device implantation may increase the risk for temporary right ventricular support but does not impact overall outcomes
Authors: Mihalj Maks , Jezovnik Mateja K , Benk Julia , Heg Dik , Podstatzky-Lichtenstein Teresa , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Radovancevic Rajko , Gregoric Igor D , Hunziker Lukas , Siepe Matthias , Reineke David
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVES

Tricuspid valve repair in left ventricular assist device implantation continues to pose a challenge and may impact the occurrence of early and late right heart failure. We investigated the effects of concomitant tricuspid repair on clinical outcomes.

METHODS

A retrospective, multicentre study enrolled adult patients who received continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices between 2005 and 2017 and compared those who received concomitant tricuspid valve repair to those who did not. Primary outcomes were early right heart failure necessitating temporary ventricular assist devices and right heart failure-related rehospitalizations requiring inotropic or diuretic treatment.

RESULTS

Out of 526 patients who underwent left ventricular assist device implantation, 110 (21%) received a concomitant tricuspid valve repair. Those patients were sicker, and most had moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation. A significantly higher incidence of temporary right ventricular assist devices was observed in the group with concomitant tricupid valve repair (18% vs. 11%, P = 0.049), with a significantly elevated risk for temporary right heart assist device (sHR 1.68, 95% CI 1.04–2.72; P = 0.037). After adjusting for confounders, no significant differences were found in the incidence of and risk for most clinical outcomes, including right heart failure-related rehospitalizations (P = 0.891) and death (P = 0.563).

CONCLUSIONS

Concomitant tricuspid valve repair, when deemed necessary in left ventricular assist device implantation, may increase the risk of early right heart failure requiring a temporary right ventricular assist device but does not impact the incidence or risk of death or rehospitalizations due to late right heart failure.
Healthcare utilization and quality of life for atrial fibrillation burden: the CIRCA-DOSE study
Authors: Andrade Jason G , Deyell Marc W , Macle Laurent , Steinberg Jonathan S , Glotzer Taya V , Hawkins Nathaniel M , Khairy Paul , Aguilar Martin
Published: December 2022

Aims

Atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence ≥30 s remains the primary endpoint of clinical trials; however, this definition has not been correlated with clinical outcomes or pathophysiological processes. This study sought to determine the atrial tachyarrhythmia duration and burden associated with meaningful clinical outcomes.

Methods and results

The time and duration of every atrial tachyarrhythmia episode recorded on implantable cardiac monitor were evaluated. Healthcare utilization and quality of life in the year following ablation were prospectively collected. Three hundred and forty-six patients provided 126 110 monitoring days. One-year freedom from recurrence increased with arrhythmia duration thresholds, from 52.6 (182/346) to 93.3% (323/346; P < 0.0001). Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence limited to durations ≤1 h had rates of healthcare utilization comparable with patients free of recurrence, while patients with AF recurrences lasting >1 h had a relative risk for emergency department consultation of 3.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–5.3], hospitalization of 5.3 (95% CI 2.9–9.6), and repeat ablation of 27.1 (95% CI 10.5–71.0). Patients with AF burden of ≤0.1% had rates of healthcare utilization comparable with patients free of recurrence, while patients with AF burden of >0.1% had a relative risk for emergency department consultation of 2.4 (95% CI 1.9–3.9), hospitalization of 6.8 (95% CI 3.6–13.0), cardioversion of 9.1 (95% CI 3.3–25.6), and repeat ablation of 21.8 (95% CI 9.2–52.2). Compared with patients free of recurrence, the disease-specific quality of life was significantly impaired with AF episode durations >24 h, or AF burdens >0.1%.

Conclusion

AF recurrence, as defined by 30 s of arrhythmia, lacks clinical relevance. AF episode durations >1 h or burdens >0.1% were associated with increased rates of healthcare utilization.
Using artificial intelligence to improve pain assessment and pain management: a scoping review
Authors: Zhang Meina , Zhu Linzee , Lin Shih-Yin , Herr Keela , Chi Chih-Lin , Demir Ibrahim , Dunn Lopez Karen , Chi Nai-Ching
Published: December 2022

Context

Over 20% of US adults report they experience pain on most days or every day. Uncontrolled pain has led to increased healthcare utilization, hospitalization, emergency visits, and financial burden. Recognizing, assessing, understanding, and treating pain using artificial intelligence (AI) approaches may improve patient outcomes and healthcare resource utilization. A comprehensive synthesis of the current use and outcomes of AI-based interventions focused on pain assessment and management will guide the development of future research.

Objectives

This review aims to investigate the state of the research on AI-based interventions designed to improve pain assessment and management for adult patients. We also ascertain the actual outcomes of Al-based interventions for adult patients.

Methods

The electronic databases searched include Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library. The search initially identified 6946 studies. After screening, 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. The Critical Appraisals Skills Programme was used to assess study quality.

Results

This review provides evidence that machine learning, data mining, and natural language processing were used to improve efficient pain recognition and pain assessment, analyze self-reported pain data, predict pain, and help clinicians and patients to manage chronic pain more effectively.

Conclusions

Findings from this review suggest that using AI-based interventions has a positive effect on pain recognition, pain prediction, and pain self-management; however, most reports are only pilot studies. More pilot studies with physiological pain measures are required before these approaches are ready for large clinical trial.
A possible explanation of the TeV emission from the pulsar wind nebula HESS J1825-137
Authors: Lu Fang-Wu , Zhu Bo-Tao , Hu Wen , Zhang Li
Published: December 2022

Pulsar wind nebula (PWN) HESS J1825-137 is one of the largest and brightest gamma-ray sources in Milky Way. It was found that the morphology of the nebula strongly depends on energy and the photon spectrum varies obviously with distance from the pulsar in the >0.1 TeV energy band. In the frame of a spatially-dependent particle transport model, we investigate the TeV gamma-ray observed features of HESS J1825-137 by using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Our results are as follows: (i) the observed features can be reasonably explained by the competition between the transport (advection and diffusion) and energy cooling losses (adiabatic, synchrotron, and inverse Compton) of the high energy electrons, and that a parameter ξ ≡ τp/τC is introduced to describe this competition, which is the function of electron energy and position within the nebula, where τp and τC are total transport and energy cooling timescales, respectively; (ii) for the high energy electrons (Ee > 0.1 TeV) within the nebula, the particle diffusion dominates over its advection, and the radiative cooling mostly dominates over adiabatic cooling; and (iii) the change of the radial extent with photon energy Eγ can be expressed as $R\propto E^{-\beta }_\gamma$, where the index β is a function of Eγ and the Klein−Nishina effect has a very important role for the variation of β with Eγ. From the modelling results, the initial rotation period, braking index, and age of the pulsar are predicted to be 12.16 ms, 1.79, and 44 kyr, respectively.
The chemical compositions of multiple stellar populations in the globular cluster NGC 2808
Authors: Carlos M , Marino A F , Milone A P , Dondoglio E , Jang S , Legnardi M V , Mohandasan A , Cordoni G , Lagioia E P , Amarsi A M , Jerjen H
Published: December 2022

Pseudo two-colour diagrams or Chromosome maps (ChM) indicate that NGC 2808 host five different stellar populations. The existing ChMs have been derived by the Hubble Space Telescope photometry, and comprise of stars in a small field of view around the cluster centre. To overcome these limitations, we built a ChM with U, B, I photometry from ground-based facilities that disentangle the multiple stellar populations of NGC 2808 over a wider field of view. We used spectra collected by GIRAFFE@VLT in a sample of 70 red giant branch and seven asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars to infer the abundances of C, N, O, Al, Fe, and Ni, which combined with literature data for other elements (Li, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, and Mn), and together with both the classical and the new ground-based ChMs, provide the most complete chemical characterization of the stellar populations in NGC 2808 available to date. As typical of the multiple population phenomenon in globular clusters, the light elements vary from one stellar population to another; whereas the iron peak elements show negligible variation between the different populations (at a level of ≲0.10 dex). Our AGB stars are also characterized by the chemical variations associated with the presence of multiple populations, confirming that this phase of stellar evolution is affected by the phenomenon as well. Intriguingly, we detected one extreme O-poor AGB star (consistent with a high He abundance), challenging stellar evolution models that suggest that highly He-enriched stars should avoid the AGB phase and evolve as AGB-manqué star.