bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Bladder Temperatures in the OR
Authors: Fallis Wendy M.
Published: August 2006

Temperature monitoring via the urinary bladder has become common in the OR, often replacing monitoring at the rectal site. A systematic, integrated review and synthesis of the literature was undertaken to assess the validity of using the urinary bladder as a site for temperature measurement in the OR. During steady thermal states, bladder temperature performed well, providing temperatures similar to those of core sites. In contrast, poor performance was demonstrated during rapid thermal changes, such as during the rapid cooling and rewarming phases of cardiopulmonary bypass. At such times, a significant lag in response rate at the bladder site was noted by multiple investigators. This delayed responsiveness during thermally dynamic states, however, may provide information regarding the adequacy of rewarming during bypass at sites intermediate between the core and periphery. Limited research indicates that urinary bladder temperature may be influenced by urine flow rate, and additional research is required in this area. The cost effectiveness of this method of temperature measurement requires investigation as well. AORN J 76 (Sept 2002) 467–489.
Ethics in Perioperative Practice—Duty to Foster an Ethical Environment
Authors: Seifert Patricia C.
Published: August 2006

Though often difficult, ethical decision making is necessary when caring for surgical patients. Perioperative nurses have to recognize ethical dilemmas and be prepared to take action based on the ethical code outlined in the American Nurses Association's (ANA's) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. In this sixth of a nine‐part series that will help perioperative nurses relate the ANA code to their own area of practice, the author looks at the sixth statement, which emphasizes the nurse's duty to promote a working environment that enhances quality patient care and fosters the values and behaviors that form the foundation of ethical practice. AORN J 76 (Sept 2002) 490–497.
Intraoperative Redosing of Cefazolin and Risk for Surgical Site Infection in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Allen George
Published: August 2006

Intraoperative Redosing of Cefazolin and Risk for Surgical Site Infection in Cardiac Surgery, G Zaneti, R Giardina, R Platt, 7, September/October 2001, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 828‐831
Evaluation of an Instrument for Assessing Behavioral Change in Sedentary Women
Authors: Weemering Mary Lynne
Published: August 2006

Evaluation of an Instrument for Assessing Behavioral Change in Sedentary Women, MA Nies et al, 33, 2001, Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 349‐354, 4
Political Involvement in Nursing—Education and Empowerment
Authors: Des Jardin Karen E.
Published: August 2006

Political apathy in the nursing profession can be attributed to numerous factors, including a lack of knowledge of the political process and public policy formation, feelings of powerlessness, and a perceived ethical conflict between professional values and political involvement. Nursing as a profession has arrived at a prestigious point in development where the word “nurse” now is synonymous with the words “patient advocate,” thus giving the specialty an important image to fulfill. The public, however, will not recognize nurses as patient advocates until they begin to champion public health and social issues at the institutional, community, and national levels. Numerous changes in health care delivery methods, together with politicians' increased involvement in health care development, have left nurses in a precarious position even though nurses are the largest group of health care workers in the United States. In this article, the first of a two‐part series, the lack of knowledge of the political process and feelings of powerlessness in the nursing profession will be examined, along with their effects on political involvement among nurses. AORN J 74 (Oct 2001) 468–477.
Patient Satisfaction in Ambulatory Surgery
Authors: Yellen Elaine , Davis Gail C.
Published: August 2006

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between patient satisfaction and selected variables that were identified as important in ambulatory surgery. The study addressed whether the selected variables are associated with the satisfaction of patients admitted to the hospital for ambulatory surgery. A descriptive correlational study was conducted in two hospital settings with 130 ambulatory surgical patients. Nurses (n = 16) in the ambulatory surgery departments completed a nurse demographic data form. The patient sample differed between settings in age, diagnosis, and use of computers. The nurse sample differed in the number of nurses with computers in their homes and their satisfaction with nursing. Results showed that patients' higher ratings of postoperative pain correlated with higher patient satisfaction. Patients with high postoperative pain rated satisfaction with pain management lower. A point biserial correlation (rpb = .22) indicated a significant correlation between patient satisfaction and nurses' use of computers to collect and record patient information (P = .01). The patient sample in the setting where computers were used showed a higher mean patient satisfaction. AORN J 74 (Oct 2001) 483–498.
Long‐Term Treatment with Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Coughlin Maryanne K.
Published: August 2006

Long‐Term Treatment with Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Patients with Refractory Epilepsy, GL Morris, III, et al, Neurology, Vol 53 November 1999, 1731‐1735
Cardiac Pacing
Authors: Davis Rebecca J.
Published: August 2006

Cardiac Pacing, Charles J. Love, 1998, wirebound, 145 pp $45
Improving Outcomes in Heart Failure: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Authors: Snyder Vickie L.
Published: August 2006

Improving Outcomes in Heart Failure: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Debra K. Moser, Barbara Riegel, 2001, hardback, 371 pp $79
HIPAA Compliance in the OR
Authors: Allender Michelle
Published: August 2006

Many current information management practices in the OR will have to change to comply with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and meet Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations standards for managing health care information. Demands for accurate, timely, confidential, and secure data make an integrated automated system for information management imperative. Delivering health care in today's OR environment results in enormous amounts of data. Caregivers must transform this data into useable information, while protecting patient privacy, confidentiality, and the security of health care information. AORN J 75 (Jan 2002) 121–125.
Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Postoperative Analgesia
Authors: Murauski Jacqueline D. , Gonzalez Kathleen R.
Published: August 2006

Peripheral nerve blocks are used as part of a preemptive and multimodal analgesic technique to provide safe and effective postoperative pain management with minimal side effects. They are used for a variety of surgical procedures in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Peripheral nerve blocks have resulted in shorter recovery times, decreased anesthesia‐related complications, and better postoperative pain management. Peripheral nerve blocks, as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen, have decreased recovery times by lessening side effects (eg, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness). Nerve blocks have allowed procedures previously performed only in hospitals to be performed on an outpatient basis by providing extended surgical area analgesia. The use of peripheral nerve blocks, however, requires skilled and knowledgeable clinicians. This article discusses the mechanism of action and the role of peripheral nerve blocks in multimodal analgesia, as well as perioperative nursing implications and management for upper and lower extremity peripheral nerve blocks. AORN J 75 (Jan 2002) 136–147.
Injectable Versus Topical Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery: Patient Perceptions of Pain and Side Effects. The Study of Medical Testing for Cataract Study Team
Authors: Lynne Weemering Mary
Published: August 2006

INJECTABLE VERSUS TOPICAL ANESTHESIA FOR CATARACT SURGERY: PATIENT PERCEPTIONS OF PAIN AND SIDE EFFECTS. THE STUDY OF MEDICAL TESTING FOR CATARACT STUDY TEAM, J Katz et al, Ophthalmology, 107 November 2000, 2054‐2060
Quick Reference to Wound Care
Authors: Duran Diane
Published: August 2006

QUICK REFERENCE TO WOUND CARE, Pamela Brown, Julie Phelps Maloy, Donna Oddo, 2001, paperback, 259 pp $49
Health Assessment for Nursing Practice
Authors: Lewis Cinda
Published: August 2006

HEALTH ASSESSMENT FOR NURSING PRACTICE, Susan F. Wilson, Jean Foret Giddens, second ed. 2001, hardback, 848 pp $59
Clinical Immunology
Authors: Theiss Dolores
Published: August 2006

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, Reginald Gorczynski, Jacqueline Stanley, 1999, wire bound, 403 pp $45
Holistic Nursing: A Handbook for Practice
Authors: Tiase Victoria
Published: August 2006

HOLISTIC NURSING: A HANDBOOK FOR PRACTICE, Barbara Montgomery Dossey, Lynn Keegan, Cathie E. Guzzetta, 2000, paperback, 848 pp $45
The Ideal State for Perioperative Nursing
Authors: Beyea Suzanne C.
Published: August 2006

For a typical surgical procedure, a minimum of three individuals document me care provided during the intraoperative phase. This makes it difficult to develop perioperative records with pertinent data elements without creating redundancy, errors, and inconsistencies. This article discusses strategies to develop surgical records that share information effectively through the use of structured vocabulary and a thoughtful approach to professional nursing practice. It begins to explore developing standards for paper or electronic documentation through collaboration with other stakeholders, including anesthesia care providers, surgeons, clinical directors, and informaticians. AORN J 73 (May 2001) 897–901.
Perioperative Care of the Patient with Zenker's Diverticulum
Authors: Madick Susan
Published: August 2006

There are a variety of surgical approaches to treat the symptomatic patient with a Zenker's diverticulum. Approaches to treat Zenker's diverticula include external excision (ie, diverticuletomy) with or without myotomy; diverticulopexy, an endoscopic approach; or cricopharyngeal myotomy alone. This article discusses esophageal diverticula, treatment modalities, and the perioperative care of patients with Zenker's diverticula. AORN J 73 (May 2001) 904–913.
Effects of Warming Therapy on Pressure Ulcers—a Randomized Trial
Authors: Scott Eileen M. , Leaper David J. , Clark Michael , Kelly Peter J.
Published: August 2006

Postoperative pressure ulcers are a common and expensive problem. Intraoperative hypothermia also is a common problem and may have a connection with impaired tissue viability. Researchers in this study hypothesized that intraoperative control of hypothermia may reduce the incidence of postoperative pressure ulcers. A randomized clinical trial (n = 338) was used to test the effects of using forced air warming therapy versus standard care. Results indicated an absolute risk reduction in pressure ulcers of 4.8% (ie, 10.4% to 5.6%) with a relative risk reduction of 46% in patients who received warming therapy. Although not reaching statistical significance, the clinical significance of almost halving the pressure ulcer rate is important. A correlation between body temperature and postoperative pressure ulcers was established.AORN J73 (May 2001) 921–938.
Implementing a Perioperative Nursing Fellowship Program
Authors: Graling Paula R. , Rusynko Barbara
Published: August 2006

The population of nurses in the United States is aging. After suffering high OR nurse vacancy rates for several years, leaders at the Inova Health System implemented a nurse fellowship program. This six‐month didactic and precepted learning program is aimed at experienced RNs who do not have OR experience but would like to work in the OR. Two years after implementation, the OR nurse vacancy rate in the health system has decreased from 27% to 15.5%. AORN J 73 (May 2001) 939–945.
Family Presence During Invasive Procedures and Resuscitation
Authors: King Cecil A.
Published: August 2006

FAMILY PRESENCE DURING INVASIVE PROCEDURES AND RESUSCITATION, TA Meyers, American Journal of Nursing, 100, February 2000, 32–42
Essential Readings in Holistic Nursing
Authors: Maras Veronica A.
Published: August 2006

ESSENTIAL READINGS IN HOLISTIC NURSING, Cathie E. Guzzetta, 1998, paperback, 402, $30
Political Involvement in Nursing—Politics, Ethics, and Strategic Action
Authors: Des Jardin Karen E.
Published: August 2006

Political apathy in the nursing profession can be attributed to numerous factors, including a perceived ethical conflict between professional values and political involvement, as well as a lack of strategy for political action. Differences in personal and professional ethics, conflicting loyalties, and a negative image of politics create ethical tension for nurses. Political‐ethical conflicts can mean choosing between job, patient care, and personal ideals. Many nurses never have considered it their place to challenge the structure of the health care system or the rules guiding that system. Supporting political action that demands change in the system, therefore, can cause tension among nurses. The political‐ethical dilemma for nurses is related to outdated images of nursing, repression, fear of power, and lack of knowledge. Many guidelines exist to help nurses understand why they should get involved in the political process. By using these guidelines, nurses can evaluate issues and use a valid method to assess problems, plan for action, and evaluate the effectiveness and benefits of specific strategies. In the second of this two‐part series on political involvement in nursing, political‐ethical conflict is explored, along with strategies for political action. AORN J 74 (Nov 2001) 614–622
Calvarial Vault Remodeling for Sagittal Synostosis
Authors: Johnston Susan A.
Published: August 2006

Sagittal synostosis is the most common form of craniosynostosis (ie, premature fusion of cranial sutures). Sagittal synostosis, which is the premature fusion of the sagittal suture, occurs in 56% to 58% of all reported cases of craniosynostosis. This article describes calvarial vault remodeling, the procedure of choice at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles for surgical intervention to correct sagittal synostosis. Perioperative interventions to minimize patients' risks and maximize benefits are explained. A case study is presented to describe the experience of one patient and his family members. AORN J 74 (Nov 2001) 634–647.
Computer‐assisted Prefabrication of Individual Craniofacial Implants
Authors: Eufinger Harald , Saylor Brigitte
Published: August 2006

Historically, reconstruction of the skull with intraoperatively modeled implants has been restricted severely by limitations in implant material, unpredictable aesthetic results, prolonged OR time, and indirect techniques that cause decreased precision and increased expense. This article discusses modern computer‐aided design and manufacturing systems that allow for direct preoperative fabrication of implants out of pure titanium with a variety of enhanced construction details. Between 1997 and 1999, 135 cranial and craniofacial reconstructions with defects measuring up to 22 cm were performed using this technique at 25 health care centers in Europe. The results obtained in these patients were predictable and constant and demonstrated dramatically reduced OR times. AORN J 74 (Nov 2001) 648–654.
Weekend Operating Room On Call Staffing Requirements
Authors: Dexter Franklin , O'Neill Liam
Published: August 2006

This article describes a statistical method used to determine the minimum number of OR teams that should be on call for urgent procedures, in‐house versus on standby from home, to minimize labor costs. The OR manager obtains the number of ORs staffed at each hour of the 24‐hour period of interest (eg, 7 AM Saturday to 7 AM Sunday) from the surgical suite's information system. The minimum number of total staffed hours needed to care for patients is calculated for a prespecified level of the acceptable risk of inadequate staffing. A method used to determine whether each staff member should work in‐house or on standby from home then is introduced. This method enumerates all possible combinations of shifts to find the one with the lowest cost, and it ensures a prespecified service level. An example based on 248 weeks of data collected from a large surgical suite is presented, and staffing for emergency procedures is reviewed. AORN J 74 (Nov 2001) 664–671.
Time as a Catalyst for Tension in Nurse‐Surgeon Communication
Authors: Espin Sherry L. , Lingard Lorelei A.
Published: August 2006

Carefully studying communication patterns between nurses and surgeons questions popular stereotypes about OR discourse and expands educators' understanding of the factors that motivate team communication, patterns that are habitual among team members, and issues that act as catalysis for tension. This study examines the nature of communication between perioperative nurses and surgeons and identifies patterns and sites of tension. Researchers observed 128 hours of interaction between nurses and surgeons in four surgical divisions at one teaching hospital in Ontario, Canada. Field notes were read, coded, and analyzed independently. Results showed that higher tension in nurse‐surgeon communication clusters around particular themes, the most dominant of which is time. Analysis of this theme reveals communication strategies that allow surgeons and nurses to achieve individual goals and support social cohesion among team members.AORN J74 (Nov 2001) 672–682.
Do Humorous Preoperative Teaching Strategies Work?
Authors: Schrecengost Ann
Published: August 2006

Incorporating humor into preoperative teaching may improve patients' ability to recall pertinent instruction. This article describes a study in which an experimental, two‐group, pretest/posttest design was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in the amount of knowledge patients recalled after receiving a teaching booklet either with (ie, experimental) or without (ie, control) humor. The sample included 50 patients undergoing open‐heart surgery. Results indicate that there was no significant difference (F1, 48 = .07, P > .05) between the groups in the amount of knowledge gained related to postoperative pulmonary exercises. Both groups, however, had a statistically significant increase in the amount of knowledge gained from pretest to posttest (F1, 48 = 39.16, P < .05). Before humorous teaching strategies can be recommended for use in preoperative teaching, further research about the relationship between preoperative instruction, humor, and knowledge retention is necessary. AORN J 74 (Nov 2001) 683–689.
Promoting Patient Safety Through Preoperative Patient Verification
Authors: Brown Becky , Riippa Markay , Shaneberger Kathy
Published: August 2006

At Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Mich, a process to verify patient identification, procedure, and procedure side and site was developed and implemented to improve the current process. Focusing on risk‐reduction strategies, an interdisciplinary task force revised the facility's surgical site identification policy and improved the surgical scheduling form to highlight information for sided procedures. Task force members also designed a verification checklist to require the comparison of any procedure data to the physician's order. This article describes these improvements and other methods that were established to ensure patient safety and reduce risk. Ongoing data collection verifies that the process remains in place and that team members are compliant. The improved process maximizes patient safety because it allows for early intervention when any discrepancies are identified. AORN J 74 (Nov 2001) 690–698.
Mobile Linear Accelerators for Intraoperative Radiation Therapy
Authors: Beddar A. Sam , Domanovic Mary Ann , Kubu Mary Lou , Ellis Rod J. , Sibata Claudio H. , Kinsella Timothy J.
Published: August 2006

Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is becoming an increasingly common procedure for treating gross tumors or tumor beds after resection. Traditionally, IORT delivery required either heavily shielded ORs or transporting anesthetized patients to the department of radiation oncology. The availability of a self‐shielded mobile electron linear accelerator has made this treatment modality accessible to institutions that otherwise would not consider performing IORT. This article describes IORT equipment and supplies and addresses perioperative nursing issues, as well as the roles of other team members involved in the delivery of IORT. AORN J 74 (Nov 2001) 700–705.
African American Women and Breast Cancer: Notes from a Study of Narrative
Authors: Byrne Michelle
Published: August 2006

African American Women and Breast Cancer: Notes from a Study of Narrative, RJ Moore, 24, February 2001, Cancer Nursing, 35‐42
Exploring the Impact of Physician Verbal Abuse on Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Cook Janice K. , Green Meredith , Topp Robert V.
Published: August 2006

The purpose of this study is to explore the incidence and impact of physician verbal abuse on perioperative nurses. Roy's Adaptation Model was used as the framework for this descriptive, exploratory study. Seventy‐eight perioperative nurses completed the Verbal Abuse Scale questionnaire. Seventy‐one nurses (91%) reported experiencing some type of verbal abuse from a physician during the past year. Results show, however, that nurses use adaptive coping behaviors and problem‐focused skills to deal with the abuse. AORN J 74 (Sept 2001) 317–331.
Creating a Positive Surgical Experience for Patients
Authors: Garbee Deborah Delaney , Beare Patricia Gauntlett
Published: August 2006

Perioperative nurses strive to provide a positive surgical environment and, thus, a positive surgical experience for all patients. Blending traditional medicine with complementary therapies is one way to accomplish this task. This article presents a brief review of literature about traditional and complementary interventions used successfully in health care settings, along with a case study illustrating how one facility integrated these therapies into surgical patient care. The facility's goal was to increase patient satisfaction and create a positive surgical experience. AORN J 74 (Sept 2001) 333–337.
Topical Anesthesia—A New Approach To Cataract Surgery
Authors: Hutchisson Bettyann , Nicoladis Carol Broman
Published: August 2006

Patients undergoing cataract surgery with the use of topical anesthesia experience less pain, can return home faster, and avoid the need for an eye patch, which can cause depth perception problems. Patient education performed by the perioperative nurse significantly affects patients' experience and recovery. This article discusses the history of cataract surgery, etiology of cataract formation, and traditional anesthetic choices. The patient selection process relative to topical anesthesia is defined, and the patient's experience throughout the perioperative phases of cataract extraction is described. AORN J 74 (Sept 2001) 340–350.
Percutaneous Chordotomy for Managing Cancer Pain
Authors: Oran Nazan Tuna
Published: August 2006

Pain is a problem frequently encountered by patients with cancer. For more than 30 years, the percutaneous chordotomy procedure has been a nonpharmacological approach to the management of intractable cancer pain. Nursing care of patients before, during, and after the percutaneous chordotomy procedure is challenging. Patients and their family members need to be educated about the intent and outcomes of the procedure, as well as its complications. The purpose of this article is to review the theoretical aspect of pain perception and outline the anatomical background and basic steps of the percutaneous chordotomy procedure. Preoperative patient education and preparation, intraoperative nursing interventions, and postoperative patient care are discussed. AORN J 74 (Sept 2001) 363‐372.
Speaking the Language of Finance
Authors: Hunt Pamela S.
Published: August 2006

Nursing leadership skills have changed dramatically in a short period of time. Just being able to cover the schedule and ensure adequate orientation for new employees are not enough in today's health care environment. This article outlines steps to ensure adequate staffing levels, assess productivity, and justify the operational supplies and capital equipment necessary for effective patient care. It also outlines steps nursing leaders can take to market their programs and services. AORN J 73 (April 2001) 774–787.
Development of the Perioperative Nursing Data Set
Authors: Kleinbeck Susan V.M.
Published: August 2006

Nursing practice is a major component of health care. Yet, it remains undervalued and essentially invisible because little data exist to substantiate the influence of nurses on patient outcomes. The research‐based Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS), with an easily automated nomenclature capable of describing the specialty practice of perioperative nursing, was designed to fill this gap. Four domains (ie, safety, physiologic response to surgery, patient and family behavioral response to surgery, health system) form the foundation of the PNDS. Each domain, with accompanying desired outcomes, nursing interventions, and nursing diagnoses, has reliability, content validity, and evidence of construct validity. The purpose of this article is to introduce the conceptual framework, taxonomy, and potential clinical applications of the PNDS. AORN J 70 (July 1999) 15‐28.
Do Not Let a Deposition Ruin Your Disposition
Authors: Duffy William
Published: August 2006

The US legal system has a unique language and different customs. The key to surviving an encounter in the health law arena is to understand legal language, customs, and the objectives surrounding a lawsuit. A deposition usually is a health care practitioners first encounter with testifying under oath. This article reviews the objectives and tactics that are used in a lawsuit and explains some strategies for health care practitioners to use when testifying during a deposition and presenting their defense. AORN J 70 (July 1999) 34‐42.
Clinical Decision‐making Processes in Perioperative Nursing
Authors: Parker Cheryl B. , Minick Ptlene , Kee Carolyn C.
Published: August 2006

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to reveal the processes of clinical decision making by expert perioperative nurses. Six nurses with a minimum of five years experience who considered themselves to be experts in OR nursing were asked to describe perioperative situations in which they had made a difference in patient outcomes. In every situation described, an intricate pattern of concern was present and associated with further assessments. The pattern was labeled Seeing the big picture: Engendered through caring. This study provides initial documentation to support how RNs make critical contributions to the quality of perioperative patient care.AORN J70 (July 1999) 45‐62.
Determining the Best Length of an OR Orientation Program
Authors: Wells Maryann M.P.
Published: August 2006

The length of orientation necessary for nurses new to the OR to obtain basic perioperative skills to ensure quality patient care is a major expense for health care facilities. The length of perioperative orientation programs varies greatly from institution to institution. Some last only one month, and others last from three months to one year. Educators usually decide the length of time based on tradition or outcomes; however, this may not be the best way to determine the length of an orientation program. A standardized time frame for perioperative orientation needs to become a reality. This article reports the results of a study that examined the effect orientation length had on RN compliance rates after nurses completed two different orientation programs and discusses the implications for developing orientation programs. AORN J 70 (July 1999) 72‐78.
Cardiac Explantation and Autotransplantation
Authors: Wagner Schelley , Hutchisson Bettyann , Baird M. Ginny
Published: August 2006

Cardiac explantation and autotransplantation is a procedure by which the heart is removed from the chest and replaced. Explantation of the heart for tumor removal has been documented six times in the literature; however, with this aggressive, approach, the median patient survival rate is only eight months. This article presents a case study in which this procedure was used to treat a patient with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. AORN J 70 (July 1999) 99‐107.
Airborne Particulates in the OR Environment
Authors: Edmiston Charles E. , Sinski Sharon , Seabrook Gary R. , Simons Dorna , Goheen Michael P.
Published: August 2006

Intraoperative sampling of airborne particulates is rarely performed in teh OR environment because of technical difficulties associated with sampling methodologies and because of the common belief that airborne contamination is infrequently associated with surgical site infections (SSIs). In this study, investigators recovered nonviable (ie, lint) and viable (ie, microorganisms) particulates during vascular surgery using a personal cascade impactor sampling device. The predominant nonviable particulates recovered during intraoperative sampling were wood pulp fibers from disposable gowns and drapes. Several potential nosocomial pathogens (eg, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and other drug‐resistant isolates frequently were recovered from an area adjacent to the surgical field. The widespread presence of airborne particulates during surgery suggests that further studies are warranted to assess the role these particles may play in the development of SSIs or in dissemination of nosocomial pathogens within the OR and hospital environment. AORN J 69 (June 1999) 1169‐1183.
Caring for the Islamic Patient
Authors: McKennis Ann T.
Published: August 2006

The delivery of culturally sensitive care by perioperative nurses is an essential element of patient advocacy. To provide culturally astute care, nurses must familiarize themselves with the world's religious and ethnic groups. Islam is a worldwide religion and, like all religions, is practiced along a spectrum ranging from very conservative and traditional practices to the more liberal and contemporary ones. A person may accept some, all, or none, of the principles discussed in this manuscript. Additionally, the patient's country of origin plays an integral role in the planning of culturally competent care. AORN J 69 (June 1999) 1187‐1196.
Perioperative Management of Burn Patients
Authors: Rose David D. , Jordan Elizabeth B.
Published: August 2006

Burns continue to be a leading cause of death in the United States. Survivability of burn patients has increased since 1988 because of significant changes in the management of life‐threatening injuries. Advances include rapid removal of eschar, skin grafting, and early enteral feeding. Pathophysiologic changes occur in every major organ system of the burn patient and must be aggressively treated. Perioperative care of the burn patient begins in the immediate postburn period and continues throughout the patient's care. Intraoperative management of the patient requires organization, planning, and, above all, communication between the OR team members and anesthesia care providers to ensure optimum results. AORN J 69 (June 1999) 1211‐1222.
Evaluation of the Protective Value of Hospital Gowns Against Blood Strike‐Through and Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Penetration
Authors: Calvin Rosie Lee
Published: August 2006

Evaluation of the Protective Value of Hospital Gowns Against Blood Strike‐Through and Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Penetration, JW Granzow, American Journal of Infection Control, Vol 26, April 1998, 85–93
Effects of Laundering on the Barrier Properties of Reusable Surgical Gown Fabrics
Authors: Coughlin Maryanne K.
Published: August 2006

Effects of Laundering on the Barrier Properties of Reusable Surgical Gown Fabrics, KK Leonas, American Journal of Infection Control, Vol 26, Oct 1998, 495–501
Vertical Banded Gastroplasty: A Treatment for Morbid Obesity
Authors: Goldberg Susan , Rivers Peggy , Smith Kelly , Homan Walliam
Published: August 2006

Stomach stapling to aid the morbidly obese patient with weight loss has been available for years. Unfortunately, some methods of bariatric surgery (eg, gastric bypass surgery) can lead to serious complications. This article discusses vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) and presents an overview of morbid obesity and its inherent medical problems, the screening process and the physical and psychological needs of patients undergoing bariatric procedures, the anatomy and physiology of normal digestion, and the perioperative nursing considerations in caring for a patient undergoing VBG. AORN J 72 (Dec 2000) 988–1003.
Preventing Injuries Using an Ergonomic Approach
Authors: Owen Bernice D.
Published: August 2006

The risk of back injury is a continuing problem for nurses. Patient‐handling tasks (eg, transferring patients on and off stretchers, repositioning patients on OR beds) are a major precipitating factor to this problem. Educating nurses about body mechanics has not been the answer to preventing back injuries; however, changing the physical demands of the job (ie, using an ergonomic approach) by using assistive devices (eg, friction reducers) has been proven to decrease perceived stress and injury rates and increase patient comfort. This article focuses on the problem of nurses' back and shoulder overexertion injuries and explores the application of ergonomics in the perioperative setting. AORN J 72 (Dec 2000) 1031–1036.
Developing a Perioperative Peer Performance Appraisal System
Authors: Mathews Diane E.
Published: August 2006

This article describes the course of action taken by one surgical department to develop and implement a peer appraisal process for nursing staff members. This rural, hospital‐based, four‐room surgical suite is staffed by 15.5 full‐time equivalents (ie, 22 staff members total) and includes full‐time, part‐time, and per diem nurses; surgical technologists; two aides; one scheduler; and one part‐time educator. The author explains the steps the department took from beginning concept to implementation of the peer appraisal process. AORN J 72 (Dec 2000) 1039–1046.
Thromboembolic Prophylaxis with Use of Aspirin, Exercise, and Graded Elastic Stockings or Intermittent Compression Devices in Patients Managed with Total Hip Arthoplasty
Authors: King Cecil A.
Published: August 2006

Thromboembolic Prophylaxis with Use of Aspirin, Exercise, and Graded Elastic Stockings or Intermittent Compression Devices in Patients Managed with Total Hip Arthoplasty, AS Sarmiento, C Gables, ADK Goswami, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol 81, March 1999, 339–346
Hysterectomy: What Do Women Need and Want to Know?
Authors: Calvin Rosie Lee , Williams P. Renee
Published: August 2006

Hysterectomy: What Do Women Need and Want to Know?, J Wade, Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, Vol 29, January/February 2000, 33–42
Ahna Standards of Holistic Nursing Practice
Authors: Taylor Kay
Published: August 2006

AHNA STANDARDS OF HOLISTIC NURSING PRACTICE By Barbara Montgomery Dossey et al 2000, 272 pp $39.95 paperback
Perioperative Care of the Elderly Surgical Patient
Authors: Bailes Barbara K.
Published: August 2006

Elderly surgical patients undergo approximately 20% or more of all surgical procedures in acute care hospitals across the country. Elderly people also are more at risk for surgical intervention because of age‐related system changes and comorbid conditions. In recent years, greater knowledge about aging and advanced surgical, anesthetic, and monitoring technology has made it possible for many elderly people to undergo surgery without significant mortality. This article is intended to increase the ability of perioperative nurses to anticipate, plan, and provide care for their elderly surgical patients. AORN J 72 (Aug 2000) 186–207.
Depression, Delirium, and Dementia in the Elderly Patient
Authors: Hoot Martin Jan , Hoot Haynes Linda Carol
Published: August 2006

Perioperative nurses commonly care for patients with changes in mental status, especially elderly patients. Three common mental status disorders in the elderly are delirium, depression, and dementia. Each of the disorders can have similar clinical presentations. Despite similarities, the appropriate nursing interventions may vary significantly. Interventions discussed in this article focus on the etiology of the presenting problem and the nursing interventions that will promote the most positive outcome for the patient. AORN J 72 (Aug 2000) 209–217.
Marketing the RN First Assistant Role
Authors: Homan Timothy , Dunscombe Althea
Published: August 2006

Nurses who are educated and certified for the RN first assistant (RNFA) role must look for ways to introduce the RNFA role into their health care setting while also marketing their services over another assistant's services. This article offers information on the RNFA role, including practice requirements, a job description, and strategies to help institute the first assistant role into a health care facility. AORN J 72 (Aug 2000) 234–240.
The Pioneer Spirit in Perioperative Advanced Practice—Two Practice Examples
Authors: Fox Vicki J. , Schira Mary , Wadlund Diana
Published: August 2006

Perioperative nurses have options in advanced practice instead of leaving the acute care setting. One of the newest advanced practice roles is the acute care nurse practitioner (ACNP). This role may be ideal for perioperative nurses who want to remain in perioperative practice and grow clinically by pursuing advanced practice. This article presents two collaborative practice examples for the ACNP in the perioperative setting. The authors describe new frontiers in advanced perioperative practice and analyze the emerging advanced practice role of the ACNP. This challenging and exciting role is well suited to perioperative practice in a general and trauma surgery practice. The academic preparation, certification, and credentialing necessary to practice as an ACNP are explained. AORN J 72 (Aug 2000) 241–253.
A National Study of Perioperative Nurse Education in Two Technologies
Authors: McConnell Edwina A. , Hilbig Jill
Published: August 2006

In this study, perioperative RNs (n = 122) from hospitals throughout the United States were surveyed to explore how and what they initially learned about the different types of technology they use in direct patient care and the consequences of using these technologies. The study revealed that the most frequently identified method participants used to learn technologies (ie, count procedure, electro‐surgical unit [ESU]) was via instruction from other staff members, and RNs were more likely to learn more facts about the count procedure than about the ESU. Although the count procedure was significantly more likely to cause stress to RNs (P = .000), an inaccurate count procedure was no more likely to result in patient harm than incorrect operation of an ESU. AORN J 72 (Aug 2000) 254–264.
Home Care Nursing Delegation Skills: A Handbook for Practice
Authors: Bartlett Carolyn
Published: August 2006

HOME CARE NURSING DELEGATION SKILLS: A HANDBOOK FOR PRACTICE By Ruth I. Hansten, Virginia Kenyon, Marilynn J. Washburn 1999, 348 pp $34 paperback
Sequential Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Branson Jill Jasperson , Goldstein Wayne M.
Published: August 2006

As the senior citizen population has grown, the incidence of osteoarthritis and joint replacement has increased. Bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA) can be performed sequentially during one anesthetic. Studies have shown the complication rates differ only slightly for total knee arthroplasty procedures performed sequentially during one anesthetic or separately requiring two hospitalizations. With the use of staggered tourniquet deflation times, efficient OR time and motion techniques, and careful postoperative management, patients can achieve successful outcomes after BTKA during one anesthetic. AORN J 73 (March 2001) 610–635.
An Integrative Review of Pressure Relief in Surgical Patients
Authors: Armstrong Diana , Bortz Pamela
Published: August 2006

Effective patient positioning has been an important issue throughout the history of the nursing profession. Pressure ulcers result from prolonged pressure, which causes skin, tissue, or muscle damage. Surgical patients present a unique challenge in preventing pressure ulcers because they are immobile and unable to perceive the discomfort of prolonged pressure. The purpose of this integrative review is to examine risk factors associated with pressure ulcer development in surgical patients and to examine pressure‐relieving support surfaces to determine if they significantly reduce intraoperative tissue pressure and result in a lower incidence of postoperative pressure ulcers. Most of the research focuses on long‐term care units, with little attention given to the acute care setting. Although the pathophysiology and etiology of pressure ulcers are well documented by years of research, the OR as an etiologic factor is largely undefined. AORN J 73 (March 2001) 645–674.
Nurses as Working Women
Authors: Letvak Susan
Published: August 2006

Women today make up nearly half of the nation's workforce. A number of these women have children at home, and women also often are responsible for providing care to older adult family members or friends. The different roles assigned to women in today's society are burdensome, particularly for nurses who deal with the stress of managed care, downsizing, the nursing shortage, caring for increasingly ill patients, long and irregular hours, and daily crises. There are ways that nurses can modify their work situation, however, to help them cope with the rigors of the workplace and the home. AORN J 73 (March 2001) 675–682.
The Merck Manual of Geriatrics
Authors: Stevens Janice
Published: August 2006

THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, third ed By Mark H. Beers, Robert Berkow, eds 2000, 1507 pp $32.50 hardback
Perioperative Preparation of the Adolescent Surgical Patient
Authors: Busen Nancy H.
Published: August 2006

The perioperative preparation of adolescents for surgery provides a challenge to nurses and other health care providers because of the wide diversity in adolescents' age, physical maturation, and cognitive and psychosocial development. Perioperative issues, informed consent, and assent differ considerably depending on the age and developmental level of each adolescent. This article provides information about adolescent growth and development and approaches to managing adolescent surgical patients. AORN J 73 (Feb 2001) 337–363.
Treating Benign Colon Disorders Using Laparoscopic Colectomy
Authors: Cox Joyce A. , Rogers Mary A. , Cox Steven D.
Published: August 2006

Laparoscopic bowel surgery is a recent application of minimally invasive videoscopic techniques. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the bowel, the background of bowel disorders and their treatment, signs and symptoms of bowel disease, and the patient selection process can help perioperative nurses better care for patients diagnosed with colon polyps, diverticulitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. AORN J 73 (Feb 2001) 377–398.
Implementing a Nonlatex Surgical Glove Study in the OR
Authors: Korniewicz Denise M. , Garzon Laurel , Seltzer Judy , Kennedy Nancy , Feinleib Manning
Published: August 2006

Sterile surgical gloves are used to protect patients and health care workers (HCWs) from infection during surgery and to shield HCWs from exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Based on increased reports of latex allergy, many HCWs now use nonlatex surgical gloves as a substitute for natural rubber gloves. Little is known, however, about the performance of nonlatex gloves in surgery. This article describes a study that currently is being performed to test the barrier performance of nonlatex surgical gloves after they have been used in surgery and to determine HCW satisfaction. To date, 12,703 latex and nonlatex gloves from all surgical services have been collected and tested for barrier quality. This article describes the project and challenges encountered by the collaborative team of perioperative staff members and nurse researchers as they collect data. AORN J 73 (Feb 2001) 435–445.
A Creative Process for Reinforcing Aseptic Technique Practices
Authors: Ford Donna A. , Koehler Suzanne H.
Published: August 2006

Issues in aseptic technique challenge every perioperative practitioner. Equally challenging for educators is how to creatively present information to large groups of staff members in a way that facilitates learning. This article describes the process used to address practice issues in aseptic technique and to present educational inservice programs to a large number of staff members. Two clinical educators formed a work group comprising staff RNs and surgical technologists to address this topic. Work group members then planned and presented a two‐part education session to review these issues with surgical staff members. AORN J 73 (Feb 2001) 446–450.
Experiences and Comfort with Culturally Diverse Groups in Undergraduate Pre‐Nursing Students
Authors: Byrne Michelle
Published: August 2006

Journal of Nursing Education, MJ Eliason, S Raheim, Vol 39, April 2000, 161–165
We Band of Angels
Authors: Golobich Linda M.
Published: August 2006

By Elizabeth M. Norman 1999,318 pp $13.95 paperback
The Nature of Theoretical Thinking in Nursing
Authors: Roques Odile
Published: August 2006

second ed By Hesook Suzie Kim 2000, 304 pp $42.95 hardback
Freeze Frame
Authors: Saletnik Laurie
Published: August 2006

second ed By Doc Childre 1998, 139 pp $11.95 paperback
Herbs and the Perioperative Patient
Authors: Brumley Cindy
Published: August 2006

Herbs are claimed to cure or correct many ills, and in the United States, they are classified as dietary supplements. The Federal Trade Commission, rather than the US Food and Drug Administration, has primary responsibility for dietary supplements, so companies may make claims about herbs that are unsubstantiated by research. Perioperative nurses should be aware of herb usage, interactions with other traditional medications, and herbs effects on perioperative patients.AORN J72 (Nov 2000) 785–796.
“Don't Destroy the Evidence!”
Authors: Wick Jane M.
Published: August 2006

As nurses, we interact with both victims and perpetrators of violence. Our goal is to save the patient; however, we also play a role in the legal outcome of that violence. What we do in caring for these patients is important. Means of preserving and documenting evidence while caring for the victims of violence are discussed and guidelines for the nurse s legal role are given. AORN J 72 (Nov 2000) 807–827.
Challenges of Measuring Intraoperative Patient Outcomes
Authors: Kleinbeck Susan V.M. , McKennett Melanie
Published: August 2006

The Perioperative Patient Focused Model incorporates AORN s patient outcomes standards of perioperative care. Although the outcomes were designed for perioperative practice, it is difficult to judge which outcome standards an intraoperative nurse might appropriately use to determine if the patient has achieve the desired result at the time of discharge from the OR. The purpose of this article is to explore whether intraoperative nurses can implement the new model by substituting intermediate patient outcomes to evaluate the effect of nursing care delivered during a surgical procedure. AORN J 72 (Nov 2000) 91–99.