bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Five-year comparison of wear using oxidised zirconium and cobalt–chrome femoral heads in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Jassim S. S. , Patel S. , Wardle N. , Tahmassebi J. , Middleton R. , Shardlow D. L. , Stephen A. , Hutchinson J. , Haddad F. S.
Published: June 2015

Oxidised zirconium (OxZi) has been developed as an alternative bearing surface for femoral heads in total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study has investigated polyethylene wear, functional outcomes and complications, comparing OxZi and cobalt–chrome (CoCr) as part of a three-arm, multicentre randomised controlled trial. Patients undergoing THA from four institutions were prospectively randomised into three groups. Group A received a CoCr femoral head and highly cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) liner; Group B received an OxZi femoral head and XLPE liner; Group C received an OxZi femoral head and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) liner. At five years, 368 patients had no statistically significant differences in short-form-36 (p = 0.176 mental, p = 0.756 physical), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (p = 0.847), pain scores (p = 0.458) or complications. The mean rate of linear wear was 0.028 mm/year (standard deviation (sd) 0.010) for Group A, 0.023 mm/year (sd 0.010) for Group B, and 0.09 mm/year (sd 0.045) for Group C. Penetration was significantly higher in the UHMWPE liner group compared with both XLPE liner groups (p < 0.001) but no significant difference was noted between CoCr and OxZi when articulating with XLPE (p = 0.153). In this, the largest randomised study of this bearing surface, it appears that using a XLPE acetabular liner is more important in reducing THA component wear than the choice of femoral head bearing, at mid-term follow-up. There is a non-significant trend towards lower wear, coupling OxZi rather than CoCr with XLPE but long-term analysis is required to see if this observation changes with time and becomes significant.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:883–9.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty as a salvage procedure after failed internal fixation of fractures of the proximal humerus
Authors: Hussey M. M. , Hussey S. E. , Mighell M. A.
Published: June 2015

Failed internal fixation of a fracture of the proximal humerus produces many challenges with limited surgical options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes after the use of a reverse shoulder arthroplasty under these circumstances. Between 2007 and 2012, 19 patients (15 women and four men, mean age 66 years; 52 to 82) with failed internal fixation after a proximal humeral fracture, underwent implant removal and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). The mean follow-up was 36 months (25 to 60). The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Score improved from 27.8 to 50.1 (p = 0.019). The mean Simple Shoulder Test score improved from 0.7 to 3.2 (p = 0.020), and the mean visual analogue scale for pain improved from 6.8 to 4.3 (p = 0.012). Mean forward flexion improved from 58.7° to 101.1° (p < 0.001), mean abduction from 58.7° to 89.1° (p = 0.012), mean external rotation from 10.7° to 23.1° (p = 0.043) and mean internal rotation from buttocks to L4 (p = 0.034). A major complication was recorded in five patients (26%) (one intra-operative fracture, loosening of the humeral component in two and two peri-prosthetic fractures). A total of 15 patients (79%) rated their outcome as excellent or good, one (5%) as satisfactory, and three (16%) as unsatisfactory.

An improvement in outcomes and pain can be expected when performing a RSA as a salvage procedure after failed internal fixation of a fracture of the proximal humerus. Patients should be cautioned about the possibility for major complications following this technically demanding procedure.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:967–72.
Osteoarthritis of the hip in fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur
Authors: Kim H-S. , Im S. B. , Han I.
Published: June 2015

Deformity of the proximal femur in fibrous dysplasia leads to deviation of the mechanical axis of the hip, which may lead to the development of secondary osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the prevalence and predisposing factors for the development of OA in patients with fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur. We reviewed the records of 209 patients from our institutional database with fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur, investigating possible predisposing factors including patient demographics, the extent of the coxa vara deformity, the presence of peri-articular disease, and the overall burden of skeletal disease. Of the 209 patients, 24 (12%) had radiological evidence of OA in the ipsilateral hip. The prevalence was significantly higher in patients with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia compared with those with monostotic disease (p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis of patients with polyostotic disease, the extent of deformity (quantified using the neck–shaft angle), and the presence of peri-articular disease (whether in the head of the femur or the acetabulum) were significant predictors of osteoarthritis (neck–shaft angle likelihood ratio (LR) = 0.847 per 1° increase, p = 0.004; presence of lesion in the head of the femur LR = 9.947, p = 0.027; presence of lesion in the acetabulum LR = 11.231, p = 0.014).

Our data suggest that patients with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia have a high risk of developing secondary OA of the hips. This risk is higher in patients with peri-articular disease, and those with a more severe deformity of proximal femur.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1007–11.
Nest temperatures of the Piai and Sayang Islands green turtle (Chelonia mydas) rookeries, Raja Ampat Papua, Indonesia: Implications for hatchling sex ratios
Authors: TAPILATU RICARDO F. , BALLAMU FERDIEL
Published: June 2015

Tapilatu RF, Ballamu F. 2015. Nest temperatures of the Piai and Sayang Islands green turtle (Chelonia mydas) rookeries, Raja Ampat Papua, Indonesia: Implications for hatchling sex ratios. Biodiversitas 16: 102-107. Sex determination and hatching success in sea turtles is temperature dependent. Warmer sand temperatures may skew sea turtle population sex ratios towards predominantly females and high sand temperatures may also decrease hatching success. Therefore, understanding nest temperatures is important for conservation programs, including the evaluation of the potential impact of global climate change. Nest temperatures were monitored during the 2013 nesting season of the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, at Piai and Sayang Islands, Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia. Nest temperatures increased from 29oC early in the incubation to 34-36oC in the middle, before decreasing again. Monitored nest temperatures were similar across all beaches. Nest temperatures increased 2-4oC during the middle third of incubation due to metabolic heating. Hatchling sex ratio inferred from nest temperature profiles indicated a strong female bias. This finding is consistent with the relatively warm thermal profiles of the majority of the nesting beaches. This also included some extremely warm nest temperatures that were associated with lower hatching success. Information from this study provides a foundation for developing conservation strategies for enhancing hatchling production with optimal sex ratios at the most important nesting beaches for the western Pacific green sea turtle. This study is the first comprehensive assessment of sex ratios for green sea turtles in Raja Ampat and represents the initiation of a long-term database that can be used at a local level to develop strategies that could potentially offset the impact of long-term climate change on the western Pacific green sea turtle.
Population genetic structure in medicinal plant Lallemantia iberica (Lamiaceae)
Authors: KOOHDAR FAHIMEH , SHEIDAI MASOUD , TALEBI SEYYED MEHDI , NOORMOHAMMADI ZAHRA
Published: June 2015

Koohdar F, Sheidai M, Talebi SM, Noormohammadi Z. 2015. Population genetic structure in medicinal plant Lallemantia iberica (Lamiaceae). Biodiversitas 16: 139-144. Lallemantia iberica (Bieb.) Fischer and C.A. Meyer (sin. Dracocephalum ibericumM.Bieb.) also named Dragon's headâ€ is an annual plant cultivated for its seeds that contain about 30% -38% drying oil (siccative oil). Itsseed oil is used in foods, dye and varnish industry. L. iberica seeds have traditional uses as reconstitute, stimulant, diuretic andexpectorant. L. iberica in an important medicinal plant in our country and grows in various regions with different environmentalconditions. At present no investigation has been reported about population genetic structure of this valuable plant species in Iran.Therefore, we carried out population genetic analysis of 11 populations of L. iberica by using ISSR molecular markers for the first time.Genetic diversity analysis revealed high within population genetic variability. AMOVA test produced significant genetic differenceamong the studied populations. Mantel test revealed significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance of thepopulations. STRUCTURE analysis and K-Means clustering revealed population genetic fragmentation and the presence of three genepools for this species. The assignment test revealed the occurrence of limited gene flow among the populations. The results suggestedthat genetic divergence, limited gene flow, genetic drift and local adaptation have played role in diversification of L. iberica.

Key words: Gene flow, population fragmentation, IBD, Lallemantia iberica.
Sweeping the stairs from the top: the establishment and child sex abuse
Authors: Phil Frampton
Published: June 2015

The establishment has promised to leave ‘no stone unturned’ but, as Phil Frampton shows, the cycle of deceit, bullying and covering-up goes on…
The women and men of the Gaza Strip
Authors: Hannah Rought-Brooks
Published: June 2015

Hannah Rought-Brooks reports back from working in Gaza, where women suffered horrendous conditions during the war last July and August and where support and infrastructure are still badly inadequate.
Hacia la gestión integrada del patrimonio en clave territorial: un análisis crítico a partir de la experiencia andaluza
Authors: Mulero Mendigorri Alfonso
Published: June 2015

El sustancial incremento de elementos patrimoniales registrado en las tres últimas décadas ha abierto un doble debate: en torno a las razones de tal proliferación, de un lado, y sobre las estrategias y herramientas más apropiadas para gestionarlos, de otro. En tal contexto, este trabajo aborda una evaluación crítica del Sistema de Patrimonio Territorial de Andalucía (SPTA), en tanto que iniciativa destacada de alcance regional formulada con la intención de lograr una gestión integrada y coherente del prolijo patrimonio territorial reconocido en esta comunidad autónoma. El análisis general se complementa con un estudio de caso centrado en Sierra Morena (Córdoba, España).
Association of polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Khodyrev Dmitry Sergeevich , Nikitin Aleksey Georgievna , Brovkin Aleksey Nikolaevich , Lavrikova Elena Yur'evna , Lebedeva Nadezhda Olegovna , Vikulova Olga Konstantinovna , Shamkhalova Minara Shamkhalovna , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna , Nosikov Valery Vyacheslavovich , Averyanov Alexander Vyacheslavovich
Published: June 2015

The study of hereditary predisposition to multifactorial diseases is essential for diagnosis and selection of the optimal treatment. The study of polymorphisms of candidate genes whose products are involved in the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases is of great clinical importance. Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of rs2241766 and rs1501299 polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ gene, rs2275737 and rs2275738 polymorphisms in the ADIPOR1 gene and rs11061971 and rs16928751 polymorphisms in the ADIPOR2 gene with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Russian population. Materials and methods. The study included a group of 500 patients with T2DM diagnosed based on standard diagnostic criteria (T2DM+). The control group (T2DM-) was a random sample of 500 patients with no evidence of the disease and was matched to the T2DM+ group for gender, age and body mass index. The determination of alleles and genotypes was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan probes. The X2 test and contingency tables were used to compare the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies. A p-value of
Colaboração terapêutica: Estudo comparativo de um caso finalizado e de um caso de desistência
Authors: Ferreira Angela , Ribeiro Eugénia , Pinto Dulce , Pereira Carla , Pinheiro Ana
Published: June 2015

A qualidade da interação terapêutica constitui-se como um importante preditor dos resultados terapêuticos e como crucial na decisão dos clientes para se manterem na terapia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e comparar o desenvolvimento da colaboração terapêutica em dois casos clínicos, um finalizado e um de desistência, ambos de insucesso e seguidos em Terapia Narrativa. Foi utilizado o Sistema de Codificação da Colaboração Terapêutica, que permite distinguir episódios colaborativos, não colaborativos e de ambivalência por referência à Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal Terapêutica (ZDPT) dos clientes. A codificação foi realizada independentemente por dois pares de juízas, tendo as discrepâncias sido resolvidas por consenso e mediante posterior auditoria. Os resultados mostram que no caso de desistência os episódios não colaborativos foram cinco vezes mais frequentes do que no caso finalizado. Em ambos os casos, verificou-se uma tendência crescente do terapeuta para estimular o movimento das clientes ao longo da ZDPT no sentido da inovação. Contudo, se nas últimas sessões do caso finalizado a cliente foi capaz de com o terapeuta, no caso de desistência ocorreu um aumento de episódios não colaborativos entre a díade.
The complementary Poisson-Lindley class of distributions
Authors: Hassan Amal , Assar Salwa , Ali Kareem
Published: June 2015

This paper proposed a new general class of continuous lifetime distributions, which is a complementary to the Poisson-Lindley family proposed by Asgharzadeh et al. [3]. The new class is derived by compounding the maximum of a random number of independent and identically continuous distributed random variables, and Poisson-Lindley distribution. Several properties of the proposed class are discussed, including a formal proof of probability density, cumulative distribution, and reliability and hazard rate functions. The unknown parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method and the Fisherâ€™s information matrix elements are determined. Some sub-models of this class are investigated and studied in some details. Finally, a real data set is analyzed to illustrate the performance of new distributions.
One-stage thermo-hydro treatment (THT) of hardwoods: an analysis of form stability after five soaking-drying cycles
Authors: Biziks Vladimirs , Andersons Bruno , Sansonetti Errj , Andersone Ingeborga , Militz Holger , Grinins Juris
Published: June 2015

A newly developed thermo-hydro treatment (THT) for use in a one-stage heat treatment process was examined by focusing on the form stability-related properties of European aspen (Populus tremula), birch silver (Betula pendula), and gray alder (Alnus incana). In particular, wood specimens were subjected to THT in a saturated steam atmosphere in a pilot-scale autoclave heated between 140 and 180°C for 1–3 h. Several parameters of untreated and treated samples after several soaking and drying cycles were compared, namely, the changes in the volumetric swelling, swelling in the radial and tangential directions, cell wall total water capacity, and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE). Due to repeated wetting in the cyclic water submersion-drying test, the original ASE of 73% decreased to 65% (180°C for 1 h), and the original ASE of 33% decreased to 5% (140°C for 1 h). Wood modified at 170°C presented good results that were not significantly lower than wood treated at higher temperatures while consuming less energy to deliver ASE improvement and was selected as optimum. To increase the ASE by 1%, the amount of energy consumed was decreased by 41%, 39%, and 17% compared with the treatment regimes of 160°C for 1 h, 160°C for 3 h, and 180°C for 1 h, respectively. The new THT regime led to improved long-term dimensional stability due to the cross-linking of cell wall polymers, which resulted in increased cell wall rigidity.
Opportunities and challenges in adolescent health training abroad: trainees’ experience and perspective
Authors: Harrison Abigail , Areemit Rosawan , Kanbur Nuray
Published: June 2015

As the global adolescent population increases and as there is enhanced recognition internationally of the unique nature of the adolescent period, the need for specialized training in adolescent medicine for international physicians becomes more apparent. There are challenges in securing placement in an adolescent medicine fellowship program, as well as, on acceptance, challenges with acculturation to a new setting, socially, academically and clinically. During fellowship, international medical graduates (IMGs) are exposed to new opportunities such as learning best-practices and being mentored by experienced advocates and clinicians in the field of adolescent health and medicine. This paper considers recommendations for improving adolescent medicine fellowship programs with a focus on IMGs.
Production and Thermal Characterization of an Alkaline Pectin Lyase from Penicillium notatum
Authors: Siddiqua Umme Habibah , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Nouren Shazia , Noreen Saima , Bibi Ismat
Published: June 2015

The present study was aimed to investigate the potential of Penicillium notatum for the production of pectin lyase under solid state culture using wheat bran as substrate. Different process parameters were optimized using completely randomized design for enhanced production of the pectin lyase. P. notatum showed maximum production (1875 U/gds) of pectin lyase with substrate amount 15 g/250 ml, moisture level 60%, pH 6, incubation period 120 h at 30°C. Pectin lyase activity was further improved with the addition of maltose and ammonium sulphate as carbon and nitrogen additives (1%), respectively. Partial purification of enzyme was carried out by ammonium sulphate precipitation at 80% saturation level. The P. notatum pectin lyase showed maximal activity at 65°C and pH 8. K
m and V
max values were 0.29% and 0.487 µmol/min, respectively. Energy of activation was found to be 5.33 kJ/mol. A detailed kinetic study of thermal inactivation was carried out. The results showed that pectin lyase exhibited resistance against thermal unfolding. Effect of various metals on pectin lyase activity was also investigated. All the metals showed inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. The present investigation revealed that pectin lyase isolated from P. notatum is thermally stable and alkaline in nature.
On Hyperbolic Monomolecular growth model in Height/Diameter growth of PINES
Authors: Oyamakin S. O. , Chukwu A. U.
Published: June 2015

This paper proposed a hyperbolic monomolecular growth model (HMMGM). it came as a solution to the improved monomolecular growth equation which was developed by injecting an allometric parameter θ into the intrinsic rate of growth of the monomolecular growth equation using a hyperbolic sine function. Its ability in model prediction was compared with the classical monomolecular growth model an approach which mimicked the natural variability of height/diameter increment with respect to age and therefore provides a more realistic height/diameter predictions using goodness of fit tests and model selection criteria. The Kolmogorov Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk test was also used to test the compliance of the error term to normality assumptions while using testing the independence of the error term using the runs test . The mean function of top height/Dbh over age using the two models under study predicted closely the observed values of top height/Dbh in the hyperbolic monomolecular nonlinear growth models better than the source model (classical monomolecular growth model) while the results of R2, Adj. R2, MSE and AIC confirmed the predictive power of the Hyperbolic Monomolecular growth models over its source model.
On the quotient moment of lower generalized order statistics and characterization
Authors: Kumar Devendra
Published: June 2015

In this paper we consider general class of distribution. Recurrence relations satisfied by the quotient moments and conditional quotient moments of lower generalized order statistics for a general class of distribution are derived. Further the results are deduced for quotient moments of order statistics and lower records and characterization of this distribution by considering the recurrence relation of conditional expectation for general class of distribution satisfied by the quotient moment of the lower generalized order statistics.
Neurostimulation, neuromodulation, and the treatment of epilepsies
Authors: Bolden Lauren B. , Pati Sandipan , Szaflarski Jerzy P.
Published: June 2015

Introduction.Neurostimulation and neuromodulation are techniques that may be able to affect the course of epilepsy. In the last 20 years, since the approval of VNS, we have observed a surge of studies assessing the potential of other devices and techniques for the treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsies including deep brain stimulation (DBS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Are these devices and techniques simply another treatment option that can be offered to patients with epilepsy or do they offer specific advantages when compared to the standard antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)?

Aim.The aim of this review is to present the neurostimulation and neuromodulation devices and techniques that are now in use, or at least available for testing and to discuss the science behind them, their applications, efficacy, potential risks vs. benefits and, above all, how to navigate the choices so clinicians are able to provide their patients with the best possible option for the treatment of epilepsy.

Material and methods.We analyzed PubMed and MEDLINE databases to select the most salient and recent (up to November 2014) publications on each treatment device. In addition to these searches bibliographies of selected articles were hand-searched for possible sources.

Discussion and conclusions.Great progress in neurostimulation and neuromodulation has been made over the last two decades with 2 devices (VNS, RNS) approved for the treatment of epilepsy in the US and three (DBS in addition to VNS and RNS) in Europe. The future of neuromodulation/neurostimulation is exciting – various studies and efforts are underway and will provide us with more data in the future. There appears to be one clear advantage of these treatments/devices over the AEDs that is consistently noted – routinely observed is continuous improvement in seizure control over time. This is something that the AEDs have thus far failed to deliver.
High-frequency analysis of Earth gravity field
models based on terrestrial gravity and
GPS/levelling data: a case study in Greece
Authors: Papanikolaou T. D. , Papadopoulos N.
Published: June 2015

The present study aims at the validation of global
gravity field models through numerical investigation in
gravity field functionals based on spherical harmonic synthesis
of the geopotential models and the analysis of terrestrial
data. We examine gravity models produced according
to the latest approaches for gravity field recovery
based on the principles of the Gravity field and steadystate
Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) and Gravity Recovery
And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite missions.
Furthermore, we evaluate the overall spectrum of
the ultra-high degree combined gravity models EGM2008
and EIGEN-6C3stat. The terrestrial data consist of gravity
and collocated GPS/levelling data in the overall Hellenic
region. The software presented here implements the algorithm
of spherical harmonic synthesis in a degree-wise
cumulative sense. This approach may quantify the bandlimited
performance of the individual models by monitoring
the degree-wise computed functionals against the terrestrial
data. The degree-wise analysis performed yields
insight in the short-wavelengths of the Earth gravity field
as these are expressed by the high degree harmonics.
Evaluation of Systemic Antioxidant Level and Oxidative Stress In Relation to Lifestyle and Disease Progression in Asthmatic Patients/ Evaluacija nivoa antioksidanasa i oksidativnog stresa u sistemu u odnosu na životni stil i progresiju bolesti kod obolelih od astme
Authors: Singh Yadav Abhay , Saini Manisha
Published: June 2015

Asthma is a chronic disorder of the airways. Oxidative stress is an important part of asthma pathogenesis. It plays a crucial role in exacerbating the disease, as well as an important consequence of airways inflammation.

Aim: The present study was undertaken to investigate the lipid peroxidation and catalase activity in serum and antioxidant level in plasma of asthmatic patients and their association with lifestyle and severity of the disease.

Methods: A total of 210 subjects, 120 asthmatics and 90 healthy controls matched in respect to age, sex, lifestyle and socioeconomic status, were chosen randomly for the present study. The samples were analyzed for MDA concentration and catalase activity in serum and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). Statistical analysis was done using unpaired Student’s t-test, ANOVA with Duncan post hoc test and Pearson coefficient of correlation.

Results: The serum MDA was found to be significantly higher in the asthmatics as compared to healthy individuals (p<0.01) while catalase activity in serum and antioxidant level of the plasma were markedly lower in the asthmatics as compared to healthy individuals (p<0.01). A significant difference was observed in serum MDA, catalase activity and plasma antioxidant level among the patients in relation to the severity of disease. There was a marked increase in the serum MDA in the patients with longer duration of the disease (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The oxidant-antioxidant imbalance occurs in asthma leading to oxidative stress and is an important part of the asthma pathogenesis.
Quality Assessment of Imputations in Administrative Data
Authors: Schnetzer Matthias , Astleithner Franz , Cetkovic Predrag , Humer Stefan , Lenk Manuela , Moser Mathias
Published: June 2015

This article contributes a framework for the quality assessment of imputations within a broader structure to evaluate the quality of register-based data. Four quality-related hyperdimensions examine the data processing from the raw-data level to the final statistics. Our focus lies on the quality assessment of different imputation steps and their influence on overall data quality. We suggest classification rates as a measure of accuracy of imputation and derive several computational approaches.
Current situation and population trend of the lesser spotted eagle (Aquila pomarina) in Hungary
Authors: Pongrácz Ádám , Szitta Tamás
Published: June 2015

First reports on the population of the lesser spotted eagle in Hungary appeared between 1978 and 1982, and based on these data, we estimate that their population was about 90 pairs during that period. By 2014 this number had decreased to below 40 pairs. The species disappeared from its former nesting sites in the lowlands, riparian habitats and also in a few hilly and mountainous areas. The reasons for its decline appear complex in Hungary. Changes in agricultural practice are suspected of being one of the main reasons which are discussed in the article. We presume that populations of prey species were also negatively affected. Decrease in undisturbed forest stands older than 100 years was probably also a significant factor affecting nesting habitats. As a marginal population, it greatly depends on the larger ones in the surrounding countries, and it is also affected by mortality during migration. Positive changes in the past four years in agricultural land use have already caused a slight increase in their numbers. Main tasks for the near future should be the establishment of a special support scheme focusing on the species’ foraging habitats.
The effect of selective head-neck cooling on physiological and cognitive functions in healthy volunteers
Authors: Jackson Kevin , Rubin Rachael , Van Hoeck Nicole , Hauert Tommy , Lana Valentina , Wang Huan
Published: June 2015

In general, brain temperatures are elevated during physical sporting activities; therefore, reducing brain
temperature shortly after a sports-related concussion (SRC) could be a promising intervention technique. The
main objective of this study was to examine the effects of head and neck cooling on physiological and cognitive
function in normal healthy volunteers. Twelve healthy volunteers underwent two different sessions of combined
head and neck cooling, one session with a cold pack and one session with a room temperature pack. Physiological
measurements included: systolic/diastolic blood pressure, pulse oximetry, heart rate, and sublingual and
tympanic temperature. Cognitive assessment included: processing speed, executive function, and working
memory tasks. Physiological measurements were taken pre-, mid- and post-cooling, while cognitive assessments
were done before and after cooling. The order of the sessions was randomized. There was a significant decrease
in tympanic temperature across both sessions; however more cooling occurred when the cold pack was in the
device. There was no significant decrease in sublingual temperature across either session. The observed heart
rates, pulse oximetry, systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the sessions were all within range of a normal
healthy adult. Cognitive assessment remained stable across each session for both pre- and post-cooling.
We propose that optimizing brain temperature management after brain injury using head and neck cooling
technology may represent a sensible, practical, and effective strategy to potentially enhance recovery and
perhaps minimize the subsequent short and long term consequences from SRC.
FSH treatment of male idiopathic infertility improves pregnancy rate: a meta-analysis
Authors: Santi D , Granata A R M , Simoni M
Published: June 2015

Introduction

The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate whether FSH administration to the male partner of infertile couples improves pregnancy rate, spontaneously and/or after assisted reproductive techniques (ART).

Methods

Meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials in which FSH was administered for male idiopathic infertility, compared with placebo or no treatment. Randomization was not considered as an inclusion criterion.

Results

We found 15 controlled clinical studies (614 men treated with FSH and 661 treated with placebo or untreated). Concerning the type of FSH, eight studies used recombinant FSH, whereas seven studies used purified FSH. Nine studies evaluated spontaneous pregnancy rate, resulting in an overall odds ratio (OR) of about 4.5 (CI: 2.17–9.33). Eight studies evaluated pregnancy rate after ART, showing a significant OR of 1.60 (CI: 1.08–2.37). Sub-dividing studies according to the FSH preparations (purified/recombinant), pregnancy rate improvement remained significant for each preparation. Eleven studies considered sperm quality after FSH treatment, finding a significant improvement of sperm concentration (2.66×106/ml, CI: 0.47–4.84), but not of concentration of sperm with progressive motility (1.22×106/ml, CI: −0.07 to 2.52). Three trials evaluated testicular volume, showing a non-significant increase in men treated (1.35 ml, CI: −0.44 to 3.14).

Conclusion

The results of controlled clinical trials available in the literature indicate an improvement of pregnancy rate after FSH administration to the male partner of infertile couples, both spontaneously and after ART. However, the heterogeneity of studies, the high risk of bias and the lack of precise criteria to guide FSH administration limit the strength of these results. Future studies should be designed to identify the markers of FSH response which are helpful in the decision-making process. Meanwhile, the use of FSH in the treatment of male infertility should be cautious.
mPGES-1 in prostate cancer controls stemness and amplifies epidermal growth factor receptor-driven oncogenicity
Authors: Finetti Federica , Terzuoli Erika , Giachetti Antonio , Santi Raffaella , Villari Donata , Hanaka Hiromi , Radmark Olof , Ziche Marina , Donnini Sandra
Published: June 2015

There is evidence that an inflammatory microenvironment is associated with the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), although the determinants of intrinsic inflammation in PCa cells are not completely understood. Here we investigated whether expression of intrinsic microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) enhanced aggressiveness of PCa cells and might be critical for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated tumour progression. In PCa, overexpression of EGFR promotes metastatic invasion and correlates with a high Gleason score, while prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been reported to modulate oncogenic EGFR-driven oncogenicity. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that mPGES-1 in human prostate tissues is correlated with EGFR expression in advanced tumours. In DU145 and PC-3 cell lines expressing mPGES-1 (mPGES-1SC cells), we demonstrate that silencing or ‘knock down’ of mPGES-1 (mPGES-1KD) or pharmacological inhibition by MF63 strongly attenuates overall oncogenic drive. Indeed, mPGES-1SC cells express stem-cell-like features (high CD44, β1-integrin, Nanog and Oct4 and low CD24 and α6-integrin) as well as mesenchymal transition markers (high vimentin, high fibronectin, low E-cadherin). They also show increased capacity to survive irrespective of anchorage condition, and overexpress EGFR compared to mPGES-1KD cells. mPGES-1 expression correlates with increased in vivo tumour growth and metastasis. Although EGFR inhibition reduces mPGES-1SC and mPGES-1KD cell xenograft tumour growth, we show that mPGES-1/PGE2 signalling sensitizes tumour cells to EGFR inhibitors. We propose mPGES-1 as a possible new marker of tumour aggressiveness in PCa.
Mitral Valve Replacement in an Adult with Left Pulmonary Agenesis
Authors: Saskin Huseyin , Idiz Mustafa , Duzyol Cagri , Macika Huseyin , Aksoy Rezan
Published: June 2015

Pulmonary agenesis is associated with the absence of pulmonary vessels, bronchi, or parenchyma. This condition usually occurs between the 4th and 5th week of gestation during the embryonic phase. Etiopathogenic factors associated with pulmonary agenesis are not fully understood. In the literature, genetic and teratogenic factors, viral infections, and vitamin-A deficiency are shown to be associated with pulmonary agenesis [Malcon 2012]. This condition may be seen unilaterally or bilaterally. Although the precise rate of incidence is unknown, it is estimated to occur in one of every 10,000 to 12,000 live births [Yetim 2011]. There is a 1.3:1 female predominance with unilateral agenesis [Halilbasic 2013]
De Novo Assessment of Pediatric Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Tumors: Beyond Anatomic Imaging
Authors: Ahlawat Shivani , Fayad Laura M.
Published: June 2015

MRI plays a central role in the assessment of pediatric musculoskeletal soft tissue tumors. Although these neoplasms may initially be evaluated on other modalities, such as sonography, MRI is essential for accurately determining the extent of disease. Traditionally, MRI has been performed with sequences that provide excellent anatomic detail, with T1-weighted, fluid-sensitive, and static postcontrast T1-weighted sequences. However, with the introduction of noncontrast sequences such as diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the arsenal of available MRI techniques, functional and metabolic features of a neoplasm can now be examined noninvasively. These more recent MRI methods offer information for lesion characterization, the assessment of treatment response, and the distinction of postoperative scar from recurrence. Dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion imaging is another useful functional technique that can be acquired before conventional static postcontrast imaging, without requiring additional contrast material. This review presents recent advances in MRI methodology that enable a comprehensive clinical assessment of musculoskeletal tumors in the pediatric population. The roles and challenges of combining anatomic, functional, and metabolic MRI sequences will be discussed as they relate to newly discovered soft tissue tumors in children.
Persistent Pneumonia in an Infant
Authors: Padilla Kristen , Logan Latania , Codispoti Christopher , Jones Carolyn , Van Opstal Elizabeth
Published: June 2015

A 4-month-old boy with past medical history of eczema presented with fever and cough; a chest radiograph showed lung consolidation, and he was initially treated with amoxicillin for presumed community-acquired pneumonia. After several days, his fever persisted. He was also profoundly anemic. Antibiotic coverage was broadened because of the concern for resistant organisms; he began to improve and was discharged from the hospital. However, at 5 months of age, his fever returned, and he continued to demonstrate lung consolidation on chest radiograph. Additionally, he had lost weight and continued to be anemic. Splenic cysts were noted on abdominal ultrasound. He was diagnosed with an unusual etiology for his pneumonia and improved with the appropriate therapy. An underlying immunodeficiency was suspected, but initial testing was nondiagnostic. At 12 months of age, he presented with another infection, and the final diagnosis was made.
Eliminating Rumination in Developmentally Disabled Children: A Case Report
Authors: Severio Amber , Monagas Javier , Noel R. Adam , Hyman Paul E.
Published: June 2015

Rumination is the effortless regurgitation of food, with subsequent spitting out or rechewing and reswallowing. In developmentally delayed children, rumination is a pleasurable, self-stimulating habit. For 3 years, we evaluated and treated 2 nonambulatory, nonverbal 4-year-old children who ruminated frequently while awake. The social isolation caused by a child covered in regurgitated food prompted caregivers of these children to find a solution. We hypothesized that rumination would cease if the stomach stayed empty of food. We intervened by placing gastrojejunostomy tubes and then initiated continuous drip jejunal tube feedings over 12 waking hours to reduce hunger; the children’s oral diet was also stopped. In both cases, these changes reduced episodes of rumination to 3 to 5 times daily. To eliminate rumination, unpleasant tasting substances (N-acetylcysteine or cayenne pepper–based hot sauce) were given through the gastrostomy tube every 4 hours while the children were awake. Within 1 week of adding the unpalatable substances, rumination ceased. After 2 months of no rumination, 1 mother restarted oral feeding. There was no recurrence of rumination, and 3 months after gastrojejunal tube placement, the tube was removed. In 1 year of follow-up, rumination did not recur. The second mother was pleased with the outcome with jejunal feedings and chose not to resume oral feedings. These results showed that jejunal tube feeding in combination with insertion of unpalatable contents into the stomach eliminated rumination in these developmentally delayed children.
The Role of the Pediatrician in Primary Prevention of Obesity
Authors: Daniels Stephen R. , Hassink Sandra G. ,   COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Abrams Steven A. , Corkins Mark R. , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Golden Neville H. , Magge Sheela N. , Schwarzenberg Sarah Jane
Published: June 2015

This Clinical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-065480.

The adoption of healthful lifestyles by individuals and families can result in a reduction in many chronic diseases and conditions of which obesity is the most prevalent. Obesity prevention, in addition to treatment, is an important public health priority. This clinical report describes the rationale for pediatricians to be an integral part of the obesity-prevention effort. In addition, the 2012 Institute of Medicine report “Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention” includes health care providers as a crucial component of successful weight control. Research on obesity prevention in the pediatric care setting as well as evidence-informed practical approaches and targets for prevention are reviewed. Pediatricians should use a longitudinal, developmentally appropriate life-course approach to help identify children early on the path to obesity and base prevention efforts on family dynamics and reduction in high-risk dietary and activity behaviors. They should promote a diet free of sugar-sweetened beverages, of fewer foods with high caloric density, and of increased intake of fruits and vegetables. It is also important to promote a lifestyle with reduced sedentary behavior and with 60 minutes of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity. This report also identifies important gaps in evidence that need to be filled by future research.
Agricultura, religiosidad y tiempo: su articulación en la cosmovisión maya
Authors: Mariani Florencia , Rebrej Pradas María Victoria
Published: June 2015

El presente trabajo analiza la relación entre agricultura, religión y tiempo para entender su centralidad en la representación de la cosmovisión maya. A partir del análisis de tres fuentes, se busca comprender dicha relación, enfocándonos particularmente en el lugar que ocupa el maíz en la misma. Las fuentes a analizar son: Popol Vuh, Calendario Maya y la vasija k5379. La combinación de los tres registros apunta a conocer tanto la expresión de la realidad material como la realidad ideal de dicha sociedad.
Los Dorados de la Revolución de Independencia: proyectos e innovaciones en la minería antioqueña
Authors: Lenis Ballesteros César Augusto
Published: June 2015

En el Nuevo Reino de Granada, sobre todo en las últimas décadas del periodo colonial, se formularon proyectos de fomento minero en distintos niveles. En una provincia rica en oro como Antioquia, ese proyectismo fue evidente. En tiempos de la Revolución de Independencia el proyectismo minero se mantuvo. Ahora las iniciativas no eran formuladas por representantes de la monarquía española, sino por criollos que le apostaban al desarrollo de una idea de nación. Este interés estuvo presente en algunos sectores de las élites de Antioquia que, ya en el siglo XIX, lograron desarrollar significativos avances en la minería de oro.

En este artículo se pretende mostrar la continuidad entre los intentos de fomento y modernización minera del siglo XIX, los de tiempos de la Revolución de Independencia y los de finales del siglo XVIII. Esto, particularmente, es algo que se ignora en la historiografía minera antioqueña y que, con ejemplos concretos, puede demostrarse a partir del uso de fuentes de época.
Teoría de agencia (TA): supuestos teóricos aplicables a la gestión universitaria
Authors: Ganga Contreras Francisco Aníbal , Ramos Hidalgo María Encarnación , Leal Millán Antonio Genaro , Valdivieso Fernández Patricio Eugenio
Published: June 2015

En Iberoamérica han surgido inquietudes con respecto a la efectividad de las universidades, particularmente respecto de su calidad. Se tiene como premisa indiscutida que la gestión del gobierno universitario es uno de los factores determinantes para mejorar el quehacer administrativo y, desde ahí, las tareas académicas. El propósito de este trabajo es realizar un análisis desde la teoría de agencia (TA) como una aproximación que puede ayudar a detectar y corregir problemas de gestión del gobierno universitario, entendiendo que se trata de una deriva teórica y no doctrinaria. Para lograr este propósito, se procedió a revisar más de un centenar de textos y artículos publicados en revistas académicas de prestigio internacional. Como hallazgos relevantes, se pueden destacar la identificación y la reflexión en torno a elementos y factores determinantes considerados por la TA, que son aplicables al mundo de la gestión universitaria (GU).
LC—MS/MS method for quantification of atorvastatin, o-hydroxyatorvastatin, p-hydroxyatorvastatin, and atorvastatin lactone in rat plasma
Authors: Crevar-Sakač M. , Vujić Z. , Vujčić Z. , Marković B. , Vasiljević D.
Published: June 2015

A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the quantification of atorvastatin, ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin, para-hydroxyatorvastatin, and atorvastatin lactone in rat plasma. Solid-phase extraction was used for preparation of samples. Rosuvastatin was chosen as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved on ZORBAX Eclipse C18 Analytical, 4.6 × 100 mm (3.5 μm) column with a gradient mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% acetic acid, at a flow rate of 400 μL min−1. The column was kept at constant temperature (25 °C), and autosampler tray temperature was set at 4 °C. The following selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions were selected: (m/z, Q1 → Q3, collision energy) atorvastatin (559.47 → 440.03, 22 eV), atorvastatin lactone (541.36 → 448.02, 19 eV), ortho-ohydroxyatorvastatin (575.20 → 440.18, 20 eV), para-hydroxyatorvastatin (575.54 → 440.18, 20 eV), and rosuvastatin (482.25 with selected combination of two fragments 257.77, 31 eV, and 299.81, 35 eV) in positive ion mode. The method was validated over a concentration range of 0.5–20 ng mL−1 for ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin and para-hydroxyatorvastatin and 0.1–20 ng mL−1 for atorvastatin and atorvastatin lactone with excellent linearity (r2 ≥ 0.99). This method demonstrated acceptable precision and accuracy at four quality control concentration levels. The detection limits were 0.1 and 0.13 ng mL−1 for orth-ohydroxyatorvastatin and para-hydroxyatorvastatin, respectively, and 0.05 ng mL−1 for atorvastatin and atorvastatin lactone. All analytes were found to be stable at examined conditions. Validated method was applied for determination of atorvastatin and its metabolites in plasma of experimental animals.
Influence of Cu film microstructure on MOCVD growth of BN
Authors: Snure Michael , Vangala Shivashankar , Shoaf Jodie , Hu Jianjun , Paduano Qing
Published: June 2015

Boron nitride is of great interest as a 2 dimensional (2D) insulator for use as an atomically flat substrate, gate dielectric and tunneling barrier. At this point the most promising and widely used approach for growth of mono-to-few layer BN is metal catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Bulk Cu foil has been the most popular metal substrate for growth of h-BN and graphene, as such there are well developed processes for substrate preparation and growth. As an alternative thin Cu films deposited on an insulating substrate have some advantages over foil, including more uniform thermal contact with substrate heater, better mechanical stability, transfer free processing, and selective area growth. However, Cu films deposited on SiO2 present their own unique problems like Cu SiO2 stability and small Cu grain size. Here we present results on the growth on few-layer BN by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on Cu thin films on SiO2/Si. We explore the effects of substrate preparation and annealing conditions on the Cu morphology in order to understand the impact on the BN. To minimize the effects of Cu SiO2 interdiffusion, we investigate the use of a Ni buffer layers. BN films were studied after transfer to SiO2/Si films using Raman and AFM to determine the impact of Cu film microstructure on the morphology of few layer BN films.