bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MDNs/FGNs/IFR Synergistic Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin the Influence of Thermal Degradation Kinetics
Authors: Liu Shu Yi , Wang Quan , Wu Zheng Huan
Published: January 2025

The thermal degradation process of layered molybdenum disulfide nanosheets/flake graphite nanosheets/expanded flame retardants/epoxy resins (MDNs/FGNs/IFR/EP) was analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of binary nanolayered molybdenum disulfide/flake graphite nanosheets as enhancing flame retardants on thermal stability was studied. The thermal degradation kinetics activation energy of MDNs/FGNs/IFR/EP was calculated using the Coats Redfern method. The mechanism function of MDNs/FGNs/IFR/EP was determined using the Phadnis method, and the thermal degradation mechanism of MDNs/FGNs/IFR/EP was obtained. Binary nanoMD/FG helps to improve the thermal stability of EP.
Performance Comparison of Max-Chart and AEWMA-Max Chart in Monitoring Temperature
Authors: Salman Alfarizi Pradana Andikaputra , Ahsan Muhammad , Mashuri Muhammad , Rifki Kevin Agung Fernanda
Published: January 2025

Traditional control charts often struggle to simultaneously detect both small and large shifts in process parameters. This study proposes the AEWMA-Max method, an improved variant of the Adaptive Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Max (AEWMAM) chart, to address this challenge in the context of monitoring temperature fluctuations in vannamei shrimp ponds. The research employs a data set containing 26 out-of-control and 64 in-control temperature measurements. AEWMA-Max utilizes a dynamically adjusted smoothing parameter (L) to achieve optimum sensitivity for both subtle and significant deviations from the desired temperature range. Through extensive simulations and comparisons with existing control charts, L = 2.642 was identified as the most effective value for this specific application. The amount of out-of-control data on the control chart is the better metric for determining the best charts used in monitoring the process. Based on the monitoring results, the proposed AEWMA-Max method demonstrably outperforms traditional charts in detecting both small and large temperature shifts, offering enhanced process control and potentially improved shrimp survival rates.
Characterization Study of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Layer in Metal Inert Gas Welding Process
Authors: Fanani Muhammad Ivan , Saputra Renaldi Candra , Putra Aditya Kurnia , Triyono Triyono
Published: January 2025

The advent of innovative, reasonably priced additive manufacturing techniques has been facilitated by the industry 4.0 era. This study aims to characterize the ER70S-6 wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) layer in metal inert gas (MIG) as a result of controlled process speed, electrode type, voltage, and weld current using a three-axis automated motion framework. The study approach begins with the design and building of an automated MIG welding motion system, which includes component manufacture, assembly, calibration, and motion path testing. The specified settings modify the speed of the weld probe motion in response to manual welding parameter adjustments. The investigation continues with the characterization of single to four-layers of WAAM to know the corrosion rate, microstructure, and the Vickers hardness. Corrosion testing results showed that the single-layer of WAAM had the lowest corrosion rate, as well as the highest hardness. Whereas the four-layer had the highest corrosion rate and the lowest hardness.
Weight Optimization of the Electric Bus Carbody Structure
Authors: Wijianto Wijianto , Istighfarrullah Giri Fahrezy , Anggono Agus Dwi , Syawitri Taurista Perdana
Published: January 2025

Car body is a lightweight construction unit in the form of welded steel construction, has high strength and rigidity against dynamic loading without a fixed change in shape. In this study, the design of the car body bus frame consisted of roof, mascara, side wall, end wall, front part, and underframe. All of these components are designed using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2020 software. The frame material used is SS201. For data retrieval purposes, weight calculations are used in Autodesk Inventor. In the study, we succeeded in making the car body design according to regulations, measuring the weight of the car body, and optimizing the car body. The results showed that with a little optimization on the side wall frame, the weight of the car body bus can be reduced by 11.7% from the initial weight of 461.5 kg to 407.4 kg without changing its characteristics.
Surveillance of cardiovascular disease risk factors in India: The need & scope
Authors: Shah Bela , Mathur Prashant
Published: January 2025

There is a rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden, which is causing increasing morbidity and premature mortality in developing countries. In 1990, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) accounted for 63 per cent of all deaths and India contributed to 17 per cent to the worldwide mortality. Several surveys conducted across the country over the past two decades have shown a rising prevalence of major risk factors for CVD in urban and rural populations. These surveys are limited by their generalisability to other parts of the country, and more was required to roll out of an action plan. There was lack of an organized national system for monitoring these risk factors over time so as to inform policy and programme for appropriate interventions. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) leveraged its research on NCD risk factor surveillance to the development of the national plan under the Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) which will obtain State-based prevalence of selected risk factors. This review provides the scenario of CVD in India and the need for a surveillance system. By examining similar experiences globally, it outlines the scope of CVD surveillance in India.
P300 Event-Related Potential: A Surrogate Marker of Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Patients with Psychosis
Authors: Gupta Rajnish Kumar , Gothwal Mohit , Lenka Abhishek , Kamble Nitish , Yadav Ravi , Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Pal Pramod Kumar , Hegde Shantala
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives:

Psychosis is one of the major neuropsychiatric non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Prolonged latency and decreased amplitude of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) is a potential neurophysiologic biomarker of deeper neurocognitive deficits in PD. We aimed to characterize electroencephalogram (EEG)/ERP parameters in PD patients with and without psychosis (PDP and PDNP, respectively), and to determine if such measures could act as endophenotypes for PD-associated psychosis (PDP).

Methods:

We recruited 40 PD patients (all males), 20 PDP patients and 20 PDNP patients, aged between 39 and 65 years. The cognitive composite scores for attention and working memory were calculated. EEG/ERP recording was carried out following this, with eyes-closed resting-state EEG followed by an auditory oddball P300 task.

Results:

The composite scores for both attention and working memory were significantly higher in the PDNP group compared to the PDP group. The mean reaction time during the oddball task in the PDP group was significantly higher than in the PDNP group. A trend of increased P300 amplitude was observed in the PDNP group compared to the PDP group; however, it was significant at CP4, P8, C4, TP8, T8, CZ, FC4, FT8, FZ, F4, and F8 electrode sites. Power spectral analysis indicated a significant increase in the EEG power of slow-frequency waves (delta, theta) across all the brain regions in the PDP group compared to the PDNP group.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate the association between psychosis and the severity of neurocognitive deficits in PD patients assessed using electrophysiologic measures. P300 may be considered a potential neurophysiologic biomarker of psychosis in PD.
Botulinum toxin: Bioweapon & magic drug
Authors: Dhaked Ram Kumar , Singh Manglesh Kumar , Singh Padma , Gupta Pallavi
Published: January 2025

Botulinum neurotoxins, causative agents of botulism in humans, are produced by Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic spore-former Gram positive bacillus. Botulinum neurotoxin poses a major bioweapon threat because of its extreme potency and lethality; its ease of production, transport, and misuse; and the need for prolonged intensive care among affected persons. A single gram of crystalline toxin, evenly dispersed and inhaled, can kill more than one million people. The basis of the phenomenal potency of botulinum toxin is enzymatic; the toxin is a zinc proteinase that cleaves neuronal vesicle associated proteins responsible for acetylcholine release into the neuromuscular junction. As a military or terrorist weapon, botulinum toxin could be disseminated via aerosol or by contamination of water or food supplies, causing widespread casualties. A fascinating aspect of botulinum toxin research in recent years has been development of the most potent toxin into a molecule of significant therapeutic utility. It is the first biological toxin which is licensed for treatment of human diseases. In the late 1980s, Canada approved use of the toxin to treat strabismus, in 2001 in the removal of facial wrinkles and in 2002, the FDA in the United States followed suit. The present review focuses on both warfare potential and medical uses of botulinum neurotoxin.
Congestive heart failure in Indians: How do we improve diagnosis & management?
Authors: Reddy S. , Bahl A. , Talwar K.K.
Published: January 2025

Heart failure is a common cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. Unlike western countries where heart failure is predominantly a disease of the elderly, in India it affects younger age group. Important risk factors include coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathies. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels are helpful in the diagnosis of heart failure. Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality of choice, through recently cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been found to play an increasing role. Aim of management is to improve symptoms & enhance survival. Diuretics are important in relieving symptoms. Beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and adosterone antagonists improve survival in patients with impaired systolic function. Device therapy including cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable cardiac defibrillators, though expensive are useful in selected patients. Unlike in patients with systolic heart failure where several therapies have been shown to improve survival, clinical trial results in diastolic heart failure have been disappointing and therapy in these patients is restricted to symptom improvement and risk factor control. Therapies like stem cell therapy are being evaluated in clinical trials and appear promising. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy helps in reversing the process of remodelling and clinical improvement in most of the patients.
Efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine in reducing the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a single case study
Authors: Prasanna P.V.L. , Swathi Paetaehalli Shivappa
Published: January 2025

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a hormonal condition that affects 8%–12% of women of reproductive age and 10%–35% of obese women. It is characterised by high levels of androgen, irregular menstrual cycles and/or small cysts on one or both ovaries and it has the potential to cause several clinical manifestations, including hirsutism, oligomenorrhoea, excessive acne and hair loss. Stress is a hidden component that has an impact on modern life and is directly linked to the pathophysiology of many diseases, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in women. The study established the effectiveness of yoga and naturopathy in treating PCOS symptoms. This is the case of a 22-year-old woman who was diagnosed with PCOS and complained about having irregular periods and weight gain before seeking yoga and naturopathy treatment. In the 8 months of follow-up, the patient successfully addressed yoga, dietary changes, hydrotherapy, chanting and lifestyle adjustments at home. This is apparent from the weight loss, regularisation of the menstrual cycle and structural alterations in the ovary were assessed by body mass index and ultrasonography. Yoga and naturopathy treatment was found to be effective in mitigating the symptoms of PCOS like reduction in weight and regular menstrual cycle. A combination of yoga, diet and hydrotherapy, as described in the clinical text, could be an effective and adaptable way to treat PCOS patients.
Effect of Arogya Raksha Panchatantra (five lifestyle principles) on heart rate variability, menstrual symptoms, health-related quality of life, performance and self-efficacy in Young female adults with primary dysmenorrhea: protocol for an exploratory randomized control trial
Authors: Silwal Karishma , Kodali Prakash Babu , Khan Vakeel , Sharma Hemanshu , Tewani Gulab Rai , Nair Pradeep M. K.
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Primary dysmenorrhea is a common condition among females and is associated with increased absenteeism, reduced performance and decreased quality of life. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of implementing Arogya Rakshak Panchatantra (ARP) – a set of five lifestyle principles – among female adults with primary dysmenorrhea (PD).

Materials and Methods:

This study was designed as an open-label, parallel-arm, randomized control trial, including 52 young female adults with PD between the ages of 16 and 25 years and a normal body mass index. Participants were randomly assigned to either the ARP group or the control group. The ARP group included daily practices such as eating twice, drinking at least 2 seers (8–10 glasses) of water, exercising for 1 h, fasting (≤500 kcal) once a week and praying twice a day for 2 months. The control group followed their usual lifestyle throughout the study period. The outcome measures were to assess the changes in heart rate variability (HRV), menstrual distress, quality of life, pain, self-efficacy, emotions, absenteeism and treatment adherence, which were captured at baseline, first, second and third menstrual cycles in both the groups. Baseline comparisons and assessment of effectiveness are performed using relevant t tests and ANOVA. Generalized linear models and/or generalized estimating equations were used to determine the specific effect of ARP.

Discussion:

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first trial to explore the long-term effects and feasibility of ARP among young females with PD. The results of the study will encourage the use of ARP as a cost-effective and sustainable approach in managing PD.
Impact assessment of International Day of Yoga: results from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Mohan Raghavendra Rao , Vadiraja Hosakote Sanjeeva , Moirangthem Ghanapriyari , Sandhu Surender , Rao Venkateshwar , Rao Mohan , Gupta Rakesh , Anburani S. , Bendore Preeti
Published: January 2025

Background:

Yoga is now a popular mind–body intervention to maintain health and wellness. The advent of the International Day of Yoga (IDY) by the United Nations dedicating 21st June of every year to observe this day the world over has gained yoga popular acclaim.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, we evaluated the impact of observance of IDY amongst a sample population by using a web-based form shared via social messaging platforms, social media platforms and government websites.

Results:

A total of 8314 people completed the web-based form over 1 month running up to the observance of the seventh IDY. Results showed that 84.8% of participants were aware of the Common Yoga Protocol. Participants (73.5%) considered yoga as an essential part of their lifestyle with 52.3% of participants being regular practitioners of yoga. The drivers for regular practice included yoga classes within a 1 km range of their residence, which was reported to be 32.2%. IDY also seemed to increase the knowledge and awareness of yoga (46.2%), health and physical activity (31.9%) and increased productivity in work (22.1%). IDY helped 27.2% of participants to stay calm and manage daily stress. The majority of the participants (37.6%) were practising integrated yoga (asanas, pranayama, prayer and meditation). IDY had a higher impact on males than on females in improving work productivity (P = 0.007) and quality of life (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:

The results suggest a good impact of IDY amongst the masses, further longitudinal studies need to be conducted to ascertain specific benefits of IDY amongst the community.
A pilot study on the short-term effect of Nadi Shodhana and Bhramari pranayama on stress, anxiety and depression levels amongst high school students during the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Thiruppathiraja Selvameenakshi , Muthukrishnan Padmasree , Panneerselvam Naresh Kumar , Paramasivam Krithiga , Ravindran Dhilip V.
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control measures by the government have impacted all age groups, especially adolescents who have undergone significant and unanticipated changes. These drastic and uncommon shifts caused psychological distress in the students, particularly in the early months of the epidemic. Pranayama practices have been found to have a positive impact on the stress and anxiety levels of students; this study aims to compare the effect of Bhramari Pranayama (BP) and Nadi Shodhana Pranayama (NSP) on stress, anxiety and depression in high school students during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 healthy student volunteers aged between 15 and 18 years from a high school were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups, namely BP and NSP groups, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. The intervention was administered to both groups for 15 min every day for 7 days.

Result:

The effect of NSP and BP for 7 days was studied in 100 healthy high school student volunteers. There was a significant change in stress, anxiety and depression levels in both practice groups. However, the BP group shows the more significant results.

Conclusion:

Regular NSP and BP practices serve an important role in reducing psychological distress, which may also increase the elastic recoiling of the lungs and the oxygen level in the blood to boost the body’s defense mechanism. As a result, this pranayama technique can be administered as a simple and supportive therapy for reducing stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 lockdown for school students.
A Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Swedish Massage and Foam Roller Massage on Hamstring Flexibility and Lower Limb Power in Female Athletes: A Single-blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kaur Navpreet , Sinha Akhoury Gourang Kumar , Mishra Arushi , Kumar Vaneet , Mohiuddin Md. , Ahmed Sohel
Published: January 2025

Background:

The available research is inadequate to determine the relative impact of Swedish massage and foam roller massage on hamstring flexibility and explosive power.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of Swedish massage and foam roller massage on hamstring flexibility and explosive power in female athletes.

Methods:

A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was performed on a sample of 30 female athletes, who were divided into two groups of similar size. The first group had a foam roller massage, while the second group received a Swedish massage for 5 min on each leg on the posterior aspect. The outcome measurements of passive knee extension test (PKET), vertical jump height, and vertical jump power were collected both before and after the intervention.

Results:

The result of the study reported that both groups showed a significant improvement in PKET, vertical jump test, and vertical jump power. However, only PKET in the left leg of foam roller massage group did not show any significant improvement. This study found a significant difference in between-group comparison in all outcome variables. Hamstring flexibility (right and left), vertical jump height, and power were increased significantly in both the groups. However, in comparison with Swedish massage (20%, 13%, 19%, and 15%), the gain in flexibility and explosive power was less in the foam roller group (10%, 7%, 8%, and 4%).

Conclusion:

Regarding flexibility, the impacts of Swedish massage are superior from self-foam roller massage. Additional research is required to investigate the impact of these methods on various performance indicators.

CTRI Number:

CTRI/2019/10/021528
Correlative Evaluation of Temperaments and Various Proportions of a Smile for Invocation of a Customized Smile in Young Individuals Using Digital Photography
Authors: Sathe Seema , Godbole Surekha , Borle Anjali , Jaiswal Tanvi , Beri Arushi
Published: January 2025

Background:

This study aimed to assess and correlate young people’s temperaments with various elements of their smiles using digital photography, with the objective of aiding clinicians in customizing smiles that express patients’ personalities and lifestyles. The objective is to attain harmony between dental restorations and the patient’s overall physical appearance, aligning with their values and attitudes as influenced by their temperament.

Materials and Methods:

The study included the participation of 160 individuals ranging in age from 18 to 38 years, all selected from the dental college. Prior to participation, informed consent was obtained from all individuals. Participants provided informed consent and completed a self-reporting questionnaire to assess temperament. Dental proportions, including golden proportions, recurrent esthetic dental (RED), and golden percentage, were evaluated through digital photography using a Planmeca software. Measurements of incisor and cuspid widths were analyzed, and proportions were correlated with temperament categories. Duration of study is 3 year statistical analysis using Chi square tests in SPSS version 27.0 indicated significant relationships between dental proportions and temperament. To make sure that the classification is precise and in line with the study's temperament framework—which was determined through questionnaire analysis—participants must adhere to a set of requirements.

Results:

Maximum number of patients exhibited golden percentage which was followed by RED proportion, golden proportion, not in proportion, RED, golden proportion RED, and golden percentage. On evaluation, it was found that 29 participants reflected a golden proportion in choleric temperament, 28 reflected a RED proportion in melancholic, 13 RED in phlegmatic, and 25 reflected a golden percentage in sanguine temperament. Nevertheless, the overall percentage of patients was higher in the golden percentage compared to other proportions. Gender may impact the result of the study.

Conclusions:

A balanced smile is crucial for dentofacial esthetics, and this study advocates customized smile design by combining facial and personality analysis. The study suggests using golden proportions in strong temperaments, golden percentage in dynamic temperaments, and RED proportion in sensitive and peaceful patients. The concept of visagism, combining tooth form, face form, and personality, is proposed for further exploration and application in smile designing.
Fables in Anatomy: Enhancing Clinical Anatomy Learning through Analogy-based Teaching in the Form of Storytelling
Authors: Ramos Amith , Nayak Vineetha K. Ramdas , Rashmi Anusha , Rathnakar Pretty
Published: January 2025

Background:

Teachers are regularly employing newer teaching–learning methods to engage students in advanced levels of learning. “Fables in Anatomy” is one novel pedagogical strategy that is expressing a complex anatomical structure in the form of short stories. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of active learning strategies like storytelling using analogies on student learning of musculoskeletal anatomy.

Materials and Methods:

Students enrolled into 1st-year medicine program in the academic year 2021 and 2022 at an Indian medical school participated in this study. These students were introduced to Fables in Anatomy (FIA) modules. Pre- and posttest assessments were conducted to analyze the knowledge gain following FIA sessions and traditional teaching modules. Students’ experiences with FIA and their attitudes toward the inclusion of the same into the course curriculum were analyzed using a feedback questionnaire. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted including eight students each, and in-depth discussions were performed.

Results:

According to the pre- and posttest performance analysis, students who underwent FIA sessions performed considerably better than the students who underwent traditional sessions (P < 0.001). Analysis of the feedback questionnaire and FGD suggests the majority of the students find FIA modules more interesting, fun-filled, and less stressful, and the sessions help them to understand the anatomical concepts in a simplified manner.

Conclusion:

FIA sessions were well received by the students. The majority of the students have reported merits like better understanding in combination with retaining the concepts and active engagement.
A Study Evaluating Attitudes toward Treatment of Low Back Pain among Indian Physiotherapists
Authors: Bansal Nitesh , Sharma Puja Chhabra , Bansal Kshitija , Parasher Raju K.
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

One of the most common musculoskeletal conditions that physiotherapists treat globally is low back pain (LBP) which is a serious health issue and has a significant financial burden. Approximately half of the physiotherapists’ workload consists of treating various LBP patients. In addition to traditional physiotherapy, evidence-based treatment for LBP involves painkillers, counseling, educational sessions, and exercises done under supervision. Furthermore, a practitioner’s attitudes and beliefs influence the management and outcomes of LBP. Therefore, the purpose of the current study examined the attitudes and beliefs of Indian physiotherapists regarding the treatment of LBP.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted across four zones (North, South, East, and West) of India on practicing and qualified Indian physiotherapists. Based on the selection criteria, physiotherapists with a minimum work experience of 1 year after completing their base professional degree were recruited and the attitudes to back pain scale in musculoskeletal practitioners (ABS–mp) survey/questionnaire was distributed. The survey was completed online as well as offline at workshops and conferences across India.

Results:

From all the four zones of India, 309 valid responses were received. The Indian physiotherapists included in the study had an overall ABS-mp scale mean score of 95.12 ± 12.12, a subdomain mean of 63 ± 8.4 for personal interaction, and a mean of 31.7 ± 5.06 for treatment orientation. Physiotherapists’ attitudes and beliefs varied significantly depending on their gender, patient care setups, and educational qualifications in every sector.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that regardless of the expertise, Indian physiotherapists who treat LBP and are active in the field scored moderately high. In addition, according to the results of the current study, Indian physiotherapists are inclined to employ a psychological approach, and are open to sending patients to other professionals for guidance, and prefer to continue therapy for a longer duration. Furthermore, it seems that biomedical physiotherapists advise their patients to avoid specific circumstances by advising them to minimize physical activity and postpone returning to work.
Health Profession Educators’ Readiness toward Blended Learning as a Method of Teaching – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Swaminathan Narasimman , Ravichandran Latha , Ramachandran Sivakumar , Milanese Steve , Govindharaj Pitchaimani
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Various teaching and learning methods that use digital tools have been used in professional health education. Among these, blended learning (BL) has recently attracted attention. The successful implementation of any teaching method requires educators’ readiness and acceptance to adopt the method. Therefore, this study aimed to assess professional health educators’ readiness using a cross-sectional study and thematic analysis of the qualitative data obtained.

Methods:

A structured course on BL was conducted to train the educators. The structured course introduces the concept of BL. The institute’s learning management system was used to deliver the course. Participants completed a retro-pre questionnaire designed and validated to assess their readiness for, and perception of, BL.

Results:

Of 116 participants who completed the course, 62 completed the retro-pre questionnaire. There was a statistically significant improvement in faculty members’ knowledge and skills when using the BL method. Thematic analysis of the open-ended questions identified the perceived challenges and advantages of BL. Participants’ readiness to adopt BL was evident in their responses.

Conclusion:

This study concluded that adopting user-friendly technology and appropriate training will facilitate educators to adapt BL as a method to train HPE learners.
Duodenocolic Fistula in a Neonate Post Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Shah Amar , Sharma Ria , Shah Anirudh
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Internal enteric fistula following necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a rare complication. Only a handful of cases have been described in world literature. We report an interesting case of a neonate with a duodenocolic fistula following NEC. The child was successfully managed surgically.
Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in an Euthyroid 13-year-old Girl: A Rare Thyroid Malignancy
Authors: Prasad Pallavi , Jain Shweta , Chand Gyan
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Diffuse sclerosing variant is an uncommon subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The clinical presentation often resembles Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Histopathological features are similar to conventional PTC; however, diffuse involvement of both lobes, extensive cervical lymphadenopathy, numerous psammoma bodies, extensive lymphocytic infiltrates, and fibrosis suggest a high possibility of this rare variant.
Neuroglial Heterotopia in Adrenal Gland: A Rare Cause of Retroperitoneal Cyst in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Vig Ayushi , Singla Savita , Rao Meenakshi , Sinha Arvind , Yadav Trauna
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Cystic lesions of the adrenal gland are rare and difficult to diagnose. Neuroglial heterotopic cysts in the adrenal gland are extremely rare, with few documented cases worldwide. We present the case of a 16-month-old female with a large cystic mass arising from the right adrenal gland. Imaging revealed a sizable cystic lesion, which was resected after converting from robot-assisted to open surgery due to its proximity to major vessels. Histopathology confirmed a mature neuroepithelial cyst, a rare form of neuroglial heterotopia. This case highlights the need to consider neuroglial heterotopia in the differential diagnosis of adrenal cysts in infants and describes our approach to managing this rare lesion.
Prevalence of Depression and Sleep Disturbances among Postmenopausal and Perimenopausal Women in Ernakulam District
Authors: Haseena K. P. , Joy Teena Mary
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

The hormonal shifts and physiological changes during menopause, including perimenopause and postmenopause, significantly affect women’s mental health, often causing depression and sleep disruptions. The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of depression and sleep disturbances among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women and to find the associated risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

In a community setting, 462 women aged 45–60 years were chosen from 23 clusters using probability proportional to size sampling. Sociodemographic information was collected through standardized surveys, whereas depression levels were measured with Beck’s Depression Inventory-II and sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21.

Results:

The prevalence of depression among the study participants was 33.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29%, 37%), whereas poor sleep quality was found in 37% (95% CI: 36%, 39%). Factors such as low socioeconomic status (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] =1.64), recent negative life events (aOR =2.27), lack of social media usage (aOR =2.77), and being unmarried/widowed (aOR =2.1) were identified as independent predictors of depression. Living in urban areas (aOR =1.69), low socioeconomic status (aOR =1.96), and inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables (aOR =0.43) were identified as independent predictors for sleep disturbances.

Conclusions:

This study highlights a notable burden of depression and sleep disruptions among menopausal women. Tackling these challenges necessitates accessible mental healthcare, educational workshops on stress management and sleep habits, nutritional guidance, and peer support networks. Incorporating these measures into health initiatives and policies holds promise for mitigating these concerns and enhancing overall well-being.
Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Score Analysis: Exploring Nasal Function in Premenopausal versus Postmenopausal Indian Women
Authors: Singh Akhil Pratap , Varshney Amit , Garg Ruchika , Agrawal Prabhat
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Menopause brings about significant hormonal changes that can affect various aspects of women’s health, including nasal function. However, the specific impact of menopause on nasal health in Indian women remains underexplored. This study aims to compare nasal function using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score between premenopausal and postmenopausal Indian women.

Materials and Methods:

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted involving 107 premenopausal and 111 postmenopausal women recruited from a tertiary care hospital in India. Demographic data, medical history, and NOSE scores were collected. Statistical analyses including Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Chi-squared test, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed.

Results:

Postmenopausal women were significantly older with higher body mass index (BMI) compared to premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women consistently had higher NOSE scores indicating worse nasal function across various time points. Logistic regression revealed menopausal status as a significant predictor of severe nasal obstruction (odds ratio: 1.45, 95% confidence interval: 1.10–1.90, P = 0.015), independent of age, BMI, and other factors.

Conclusion:

Menopause is associated with a significant decline in nasal function in Indian women, as evidenced by higher NOSE scores in postmenopausal women. Addressing nasal symptoms in postmenopausal women may improve their quality of life. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions for managing nasal obstruction in this population.
Determining the Prevalence of Depression and Assessing Health-seeking Behavior among the Geriatric Population in Urban Slums of Sea Coast City of Saurashtra Region of Gujarat in India: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gandhi Rohankumar , Kotecha Ilesh , Parmar Dipesh V. , Yogesh M.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

The elderly are disproportionately affected by depression, a devastating mental health illness that is common and causes significant impairment and a poor quality of life. In a community setting in India, this study sought to evaluate the prevalence of depression, degrees of associated disability, healthcare use patterns, health-seeking behavior, and awareness of government initiatives of mental health and care for the elderly.

Objectives:

This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and to assess the health-seeking behavior among the geriatric population aged ≥60 years in the study area during the study period.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional community study including 450 senior citizens aged ≥60 years living in urban slums was carried out. Data were collected through structured interviews, utilizing the Geriatric Depression Scale using 30 items for assessing depression, the Sheehan Disability Scale for evaluating disability levels, and questionnaires on healthcare utilization, health-seeking behavior, and knowledge of government programs.

Results:

The prevalence of depression was high, with 129 (28.67%) participants suffering from mild depression and 33 (7.33%) from severe depression. Moderate to marked disruptions in their work (17, 51.52%), social life/leisure pursuits (24, 72.73%), and social responsibilities (family life) (27, 51.52%) were reported in a significant proportion of those with severe depression. Additionally, a substantial percentage reported feeling impaired and unproductive for most days of the week (P < 0.001). While the majority (358, 79.56%) visited healthcare providers, with 333 (93.02%) visiting government providers and 330 (92.18%) visiting community-level providers, the utilization of mental health services (10, 2.79%) and treatment for depression with antidepressants (7, 4.32%) was minimal. In addition, just 26 people (5.78%) and 3 people (0.67%) knew about the National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly and the Mental Healthcare Act of 2017, respectively, indicating a lack of knowledge regarding government initiatives pertaining to mental health and geriatric care.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the significant burden of depression, associated disabilities, and inadequate health-seeking behavior among the elderly population in the study setting. Efforts should focus on strengthening community-based mental health services, improving awareness and access to existing health services and government programs and addressing the various risk factors responsible for the emergence and persistence of depression, and poor health-seeking behavior in the aforementioned vulnerable group.
Knowledge, Health Education, and Mobile Health Strategies on Cardiovascular Disease Awareness in Women: A Narrative Review
Authors: Rachman Irwandi , Wahiduddin Wahiduddin , Maria Ida Leida , Mappangara Idar , Jafar Nurhaedar , Riskiyani Shanti
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

The first step to decreasing the occurrence of morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women is raising awareness. The aim of this narrative review is to obtain relevant insights into women’s awareness and intervention models for CVD. Data were collected through a comprehensive literature search across reputable databases, including PubMed, Crossref, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria focused on CVD, knowledge, awareness, education, mobile health (mHealth), and women. The researchers reviewed 36 articles, and based on the results, CVD awareness remains low in several countries, particularly among young women. Some factors influencing knowledge, awareness, and preventive behaviors for CVD include age, education level, marital status, occupation, number of children, and urban/rural residence. Digital technology-based applications, specifically mHealth interventions, have been developed to prevent and control CVD risks in women. Examples include SMARTWOMAN™, HeartBeat, Smart Walk, Diet Tracking, TRIANGLE, and FitBit. Digital interventions, such as text messaging, websites, and emails, serve as primordial prevention tools, offering health information and medication adherence reminders to reduce CVD risks in women. Therefore, recognizing the importance of enhancing CVD awareness in young women through health education, specifically using mHealth applications, is important.
Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Mental Health Status among Geriatric Females: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mundhra Rajlaxmi , Kumari Purvashi , Bahadur Anupama , Khoiwal Kavita , Gill Poonam , Latha Ratala Madhavi , Naithani Manisha , Chaturvedi Jaya
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Postmenopausal status is a known risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). Studies focusing on establishing the relationship between Mets and mental health state are limited.

Aims and Objective:

To identify the frequency of MetS along with its components in geriatric females and assess its relationship with three negative emotional states (depression/anxiety/stress).

Materials and Methods:

Women aged ≥60 years from October 2020 to March 2022 were included in study. We used the Consensus Definition IDF and AHA/NHLBI (2009) criteria to classify subjects as having metabolic syndrome. Mental health status were assessed using Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 21) questionnaire.

Results:

The frequency of metabolic syndrome in this sample was 36.58% (30 out of 82 patients). The Depression, anxiety, stress scale and total scores in women with MetS were 14 ± 5.3, 8.5 ± 3.92, 12.13 ± 5.58 and 34.66 ± 9.60 as compared to 6.6 ± 3.7, 5.3 ± 2.49, 7.1 ± 3.12 and 19.2 ± 6.51 in those without MetS; difference being statistically significant.

Conclusion:

MetS results in poor mental health state in geriatric women but large-scale studies are needed to clarify this association.
The Slow Crawl to Making a President’s Cabinet: Vetting, Nominating, and Confirming
Authors: Davitian Leigh
Published: January 2025

This article will serve as a quick historical summary of the notorious process of vetting, nominating, and confirming Cabinet members, with a particular emphasis on how it is playing out for President-elect Trump.
A Study on the Application of Emotional Design in Smartphone MMORPGs and Impact on Player Immersion
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Yan Wenjun , Nah Ken
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of emotional design on the players’ immersion in a massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) running on a smartphone, and to propose a design direction for future MMORPGs suitable for smartphones. To this end, the literature analysis revealed that with the rapid development of communication technology, smartphones have become a very important gaming platform. the MMORPG genre has become the central genre of gaming platforms. Most of the existing research focuses on improving player immersion through sensory stimulation, which poses difficulties and limitations in solving the problem of lack of immersion. this study conducted surveys and interviews with smartphone MMORPG players to analyze the three stages of immersion - building, deepening, and declining - and comprehensively summarize how emotional design affects the player's immersive experience, suggesting strategies to enhance immersion. The value of this study lies in the new perspectives and approaches to game design that allow developers to gain a deeper understanding of players’ needs, and we hope that this research will provide a theoretical foundation for the improvement and development of the MMORPG genre on smartphones.
A Study on the Importance and Satisfaction of Selective Attributes at Art Busan 2023 through IPA Analysis
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Son Young Hee , Na Kwon , Kim Hyun Seon
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the importance and satisfaction of selection attributes among visitors of the Busan Art Fair using the IPA technique. The objective is to evaluate which attributes visitors prioritize and how satisfied they are with them. The study examines 26 selection attributes, finding that the average importance rating was 4.0472, with key attributes including the exhibition hall's size, location, design, and booth map. Satisfaction averaged 3.9586, with notable attributes also including soundproofing, lighting, and exhibition hall layout. Overall, 15 important attributes for importance and 14 for satisfaction were identified, highlighting areas for potential improvement in the visitor experience.
Study on the demand of Hardshell jacket users based on KANO-AHP model
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, WEN YU FAN , Lee Sung Won
Published: January 2025

The growing demand for outdoor sports has intensified the need for technological innovation and design development in outdoor apparel. This study systematically analyzed user demands and the importance of design elements for hardshell jackets, a type of outdoor clothing, to enhance user satisfaction. Specifically, the study was conducted in two stages. First, the Kano model was applied to analyze 15 user demands for hardshell jackets, classifying them into three quality attributes: Must-be Quality(M), One-dimensional Quality(O), and Attractive Quality(A). Second, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to construct a judgment matrix from the collected data, calculate the weights of design elements, and determine their priorities. The analysis revealed that among the Must-be Quality(M) attributes, “waterproofing, moisture resistance, and breathability” were the most critical factors, highlighting the fundamental purpose of hardshell jackets to protect users in extreme environments. Therefore, these functionalities should be prioritized in the design of hardshell jackets. At the same time, practicality, innovation, professionalism, and cost-effectiveness should be harmoniously integrated to meet diverse user needs. By presenting effective and practical design solutions, this study contributes to enhancing user satisfaction and advancing the practical application of outdoor clothing design.
The Impact of MZ Generation’s Perception of Sustainable Design Factors on Their Intention to Purchase Sustainable Luxury Goods
Authors:   Korea Institute of Design Research Society, Song Kaseub , Nah Ken
Published: January 2025

The MZ generation, consisting of individuals born between 1980 and 2010 in South Korea, has emerged as a significant consumer demographic in their 20s and 30s, characterized by individualistic tendencies, economic power, and strong purchasing influence. This generation plays a central role in driving trends within the luxury market. Concurrently, growing global concerns about climate change and environmental degradation have prompted the luxury industry to emphasize sustainability in product design and development. This study examines the MZ generation’s perceptions of sustainable design in luxury goods and investigates how these perceptions influence their intention to purchase sustainable luxury goods. Data were collected through an online survey of 200 respondents, analyzed using multiple regression techniques. Results indicate that sustainability perceptions in materials and finishing processes significantly impact their intentions to purchase sustainable luxury products. Moreover, awareness of energy efficiency and ethical production within design-related factors also emerged as critical determinants. These findings highlight the MZ generation’s heightened sensitivity to environmental and social issues, illustrating that their values regarding sustainability extend into their luxury purchasing decisions. This suggests that sustainability is becoming an essential consideration in the traditionally exclusivity-driven luxury market, reflecting a shift toward socially conscious consumption behaviors. The study has both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, it contributes to research on sustainable consumption by identifying key design elements that resonate with luxury consumers. Practically, it underscores the need for luxury brands to incorporate sustainable materials, utilize eco-friendly finishing techniques, and adopt energy-efficient and ethically responsible production methods. These strategies not only align with the values of the MZ generation but also enhance the luxury industry’s role in addressing critical global challenges.