bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrochemical differences between river water and groundwater in Suzhou, Northern Anhui Province, China
Authors: Chen Kai , Sun Linhua , Tang Jun
Published: November 2020

Understanding hydrological process of surface water and groundwater is significant for the management of urban water resources. In this study, a total of thirty-seven water samples have been collected from the river (RW, 15 samples), shallow aquifer (SG, 12 samples), and deep aquifer (DG, 10 samples) in Suzhou, Northern Anhui Province, China, and their major ion concentrations and stable H–O isotopes have been measured. The results revealed that Na+and HCO3−were the dominant cation and anion, respectively, and most of the water samples are classified to be Na-HCO3type, to a lesser extent, Mg-HCO3type. K-mean and Q-type clustering analyses ruled out the hydrological relationship between river and groundwater, but there was a significant connectivity between shallow and deep groundwater, which was further confirmed by the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. The relationship between δ2H and δ18O has shown that precipitation was the main source of the groundwater in the study area. Furthermore, the values of deuterium excess (d-excess) in different water bodies suggested that the groundwater has not been affected by evaporation, which was the main process controlling the isotopic composition of river water.
Alexander von Humboldts globale Komparatistik
Authors: Lubrich Oliver
Published: November 2020

Alexander von Humboldt’s method is comparative in nature – on a global scale. In his Vues des Cordillères et monumens des peuples indigènes de l’Amérique (1810–1813), Humboldt compares the indigenous civilisations of the Americas with those of European antiquity. In Asie centrale (1843), he perceives Russia and Siberia against the backdrop of his experience in the ʻNew Worldʼ. As a natural scientist, he correlates global data, for example in his plant geography and mountain studies, as a vulcanologist or climatologist. After the Berne edition of his Complete Writings (2019), we can discuss Humboldt’s comparativist practices on a new material basis.
Gesteinsschichten, Tasthaare, Damenmoden: Epistemologie des Vergleichens zwischen Natur und Kultur – um und nach 1800
Authors: King Martina
Published: November 2020

This paper investigates comparison as a fundamental practice within the early life sciences. Four episodes are selected that show how comparing species works in the early 19th century and how it builds bridges between scientific and literary culture: comparing living organisms in pre-Darwinian natural history (Lacépède, Treviranus), comparing species distribution in actualistic geology (Lyell), comparing organs in comparative anatomy (Müller), and – last but not least – comparing social classes in new literary genres such as sketch, ‘Paris physiology’, or travel feuilleton.
„Do monkeys compare themselves to others?“
Authors: Erhart Walter
Published: November 2020

After briefly reconstructing the history of comparison both as a method of ‘comparing sciences’ in the 18th and 19th centuries and as an every-day phenomenon, the essay sets out to explore the historic and on-going debate on anthropological origins and features of comparing. By referring to different academic cultures – natural sciences, social sciences, humanities – the paper confronts insights and results of scientific experiments that test comparing practices of primates with Franz Kafka’s Report to an Academy. While the anthropological question still remains unresolved, the different cultures of science and literature reveal different aspects by laying bare the foundations of comparing processes.
Jeremias Gotthelf und der Verein für die Armenerziehungsanstalt Trachselwald
Authors: Mahlmann-Bauer Barbara
Published: November 2020

Albert Bitzius (Jeremias Gotthelf), reformed parson in Lützelflüh, founded, together with colleagues, a local children’s poorhouse in Sumiswald in 1835 that moved to a larger place in Trachselwald in 1839. Bitzius managed to convince the government in Berne that financial support of the Trachselwald poorhouse would be a good investment with regard to sustainability. He and his fellow members strove for economic independence and self-sufficiency, which implied that the pupils had to work hard and get used to parsimony and modesty as far as food, bedding, clothing and spare time were concerned. On this basis the school turned out to be more successful than competing endeavours.
Der bürgerliche Konzertkosmos
Authors: Hansen Sebastian
Published: November 2020

Numerous music societies that were the driving forces for opening and establishing an institutionalized concert scene were founded after 1800. This essay studies the core topics these societies had to deal with while asserting themselves in a music scene that gradually became bigger and more complex. Furthermore, this essay examines the extent to which music societies competed against each other by considering the examples of Leipzig and Vienna.
Volksschriften für Volk und Bürger
Authors: Reiling Jesko
Published: November 2020

In the 1840 s, a new type of educational association (Bildungsverein) emerged in the form of the secular Volksschriftenvereine. The publications of these societies clearly show their heterogeneity in terms of content and program. At the same time, the publications ensured the integration of the genre of folk-literature (Volksliteratur) into the existing traditional literary and literary-critical discourse, establishing it in the literary field.
Shakespeare-Ausgaben der Deutschen Shakespeare-Gesellschaft: 1867 bis zur Jahrhundertwende
Authors: Ajouri Philip , Jansohn Christa
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the various German Shakespeare editions produced by the Deutsche Shakespeare-Gesellschaft (German Shakespeare Society) between its foundation in April 1864 and the end of the 19th century. The society’s eclectic editorial output ranged from a critical edition in 12 volumes (1867–1871), through multi-volume editions for the theatre and for German families (1870–1878), to a cheap one-volume edition (1891). All these editions were based on the Shakespeare translations of August Wilhelm Schlegel and Ludwig Tieck and his circle (Dorothea Tieck and Wolf Heinrich Friedrich Karl Graf von Baudissin), published by the Reimer Publishing House in Leipzig. The editors corrected, revised, expurgated, or even replaced these versions with their own new translations in order to meet the various needs and requirements of their consumers.
Kritik der historischen Vernunft in Zeitschriftenform
Authors: Reiners Stefan
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with Moritz Lazarus and Heymann Steinthal’s 19th century journal Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft and its media-historical context. I will argue that the medial form of the journal enabled Völkerpsychologie’s founders to put their theory and methodology into practice by creating a forum for interdisciplinary collaboration and unification of the humanities as psychology and thus achieving their goal of a ʻcritique of historical reasonʼ, i. e., revealing the historical nature of reason, ethics, and culture in general.
Mitigation of relative humidity (RH) on phytochemicals and functional groups of dried pineapple (Ananas comosus) slices
Authors: Sarpong Frederick , Rashid Muhammad Tayyab , Wahia Hafida , Aly Tahany Abdel-Ghafr Ahmed , Zhou Cunshan
Published: November 2020

As part of finding a mechanism to ameliorate the decomposition of phytochemicals and antioxidant in drying processing, this research was conducted. To achieve this, pineapple slices was dried using relative humidity (RH) dryer at varied temperature (60–80 °C) combined with RH (10–30%) conditions. The results revealed that higher RH retained with significantly difference (p <0.05) the phytochemical and antioxidant concentrations and preserved the color and functional groups of dried pineapple under varying drying temperatures. The result also shows that concentrations of these compounds may differ as a result of disparities in the chemical composition which may be worsening by drying conditions such as higher temperature and lower RH. In effect, RH could savage the intensity of losses of these compounds and could therefore play a critical role in drying technology. Practical application: The loss of phytochemicals including polyphenols and antioxidant remains one of the challenging phenomena in drying technology. This research finds ameliorative option for mitigating against the loss of polyphenols and antioxidant by exploring the use of relative humidity (RH). The result shows that RH could savage the intensity of loss of these compounds and could therefore play a critical role in drying technology.
Optical solitons and stability analysis for the generalized second-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation in an optical fiber
Authors: Raza Nauman , Arshed Saima , Javid Ahmad
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the generalized second-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with light-wave promulgation in an optical fiber, is studied for optical soliton solutions. Three analytical methods such as the

exp

(

−
ϕ

(
χ
)

)

$\mathrm{exp}\left(-\phi \left(\chi \right)\right)$

-expansion method, the G′/G
2-expansion method and the first integral methods are used to extract dark, singular, periodic, dark-singular combo optical solitons for the proposed model. These solitons appear with constraint conditions on their parameters and they are also presented. These three strategic schemes have made this retrieval successful. The given model is also studied for modulation instability on the basis of linear stability analysis. A dispersion relation is obtained between wave number and frequency.
Exact solution for the thermo-elastic deformation and stress states of FG rotating spherical body
Authors: Sahu Rakesh Kumar , Sondhi Lakshman , Bhowmick Shubhankar , Thawait Amit Kumar
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a generalized solution for 1-D steady-state mechanical and thermal deformation and stresses in rotating hollow functionally graded spherical body is presented. Spherical shells are treated under mechanical and thermal loads in the form of rotational body force with heat generation. Temperature distribution is assumed to vary along the radial direction due to variable heat generation. General uniform mechanical boundary condition at inner and outer surfaces along with prescribed temperatures at both the ends are assumed as boundary conditions. In the present study, material properties are taken as power function of radius with grading parameter ranging between −2 to 3. Governing differential equation with variable coefficient is developed and solved to find deformation and stresses. The obtained results are verified with benchmark results and are found to be in good agreement. Results show that deformation and stresses decrease with an increase in the value of grading parameter and are less as compared to the homogeneous body.
On the condition number of the Vandermonde matrix of thenth cyclotomic polynomial
Authors: Scala Antonio J. Di , Sanna Carlo , Signorini Edoardo
Published: November 2020

Recently, Blanco-Chacón proved the equivalence between the Ring Learning With Errors and Polynomial Learning With Errors problems for some families of cyclotomic number fields by giving some upper bounds for the condition number Cond(Vn) of the Vandermonde matrixVnassociated to thenth cyclotomic polynomial. We prove some results on the singular values ofVnand, in particular, we determine Cond(Vn) forn= 2kpℓ, wherek,ℓ≥ 0 are integers andpis an odd prime number.
The treatment of Taoist terms in Chinese-English dictionaries: a study based on Frame Semantics
Authors: Ma Shan
Published: November 2020

This study argues for a frame semantic approach to the treatment of Taoist terms, which are Chinese culture-specific. It takes three Taoist aesthetic terms 虚(xu), 无(wu) and 静(jing) as a case study to explore how Chinese-English dictionaries can make use of semantic frames in the treatment of Taoist terms. As the study shows, a Taoist-aesthetics frame can be constructed in comparison with the Aesthetics
frame in FrameNet. When treating Taoist terms, the core frame element “Entity” facilitates the meaning explanation by making the terms more intelligible. The non-core frame element “Circumstances” should be highlighted as it helps the dictionary to provide a more accurate definition of Taoist terms.
Translational Challenges in Cross-Cultural Digitization Ethics: The Case of Chinese Marriage Documents, 1909–1997
Authors: Ma Rongqian
Published: November 2020

Digitization of archival materials has gained global popularity as both practice in cultural heritage institutions and a scholarly topic. However, ethical issues involved in digitization, especially the challenges brought by cross-cultural archival digitization practices, have been only weakly explored. In the domain of Asian Studies librarianship in the United States, digitizing archive materials acquired from Asian countries in academic and research libraries has facilitated Asian Studies research, but also brought up ethical concerns of inappropriately translating the original culture for new audiences. This paper treats digitization as a translational device bridging cultural contexts, public audiences, and personal accounts, as well as openness and privacy. Focusing on the unique open-access digital archival collection The Chinese Marriage Documents (1909–1997) at the University of Pittsburgh as a case study, I examine crucial cross-cultural ethics involved in the digitization process and discuss best practices to digitize and disseminate culturally sensitive archives ethically.
Reassessing the third person pronominal “copula” in spoken Israeli Hebrew
Authors: Shor Leon
Published: November 2020

This paper reassesses the widespread claim in Hebrew linguistics that the medial third person pronoun in the “subject NP + pronoun + predicate” construction in Israeli Hebrew functions either as copula, or as a referential subject in an extrapositional sentence. Based on the examination of this construction in Hebrew conversation, as represented in The Corpus of Spoken Israeli Hebrew (CoSIH), and based on theoretical considerations, the paper argues that the distinction between copular and referential uses of medial third person pronouns is not justified, leading to the conclusion that apparent “copular” third person pronouns are in fact a second realization of the subject referent, and that sentences containing such pronouns are better viewed as cases of subject doubling. This paper positions subject doubling in the context of typology and language acquisition, and argues for the need to analyze it using natural data, focusing on speaker- and listener- oriented motivations.
On a Fallacy in the Coase Theorem and the Theorem of Transaction Costs Substitution
Authors: Cheung Steven N. S.
Published: November 2020

This paper first presents a historical account of the origin of the Coase Theorem. It then elaborates its significance in explaining the working of economic institutions. After expounding the concepts of transaction cost and rent dissipation, it points out an error in the Coase Theorem. Lastly, the paper propounds the Theorem of Transaction Costs Substitution as an extended and general version of the Coase Theorem.
Magnetically recoverable nanostructured Pd complex of dendrimeric type ligand on the MCM-41: Preparation, characterization and catalytic activity in the Heck reaction
Authors: Abdollahi-Alibeik Mohammad , Gharibpour Najmeh , Ramazani Zahra
Published: November 2020

A palladium complex of a dendrimer type ligand of aminoethylacrylamide immobilized onto the mesoporous channels of MCM-41 with magnetic core was prepared and characterized using various techniques such as XRD, TEM, BET, FT-IR, TGA, and VSM. The prepared nanostructured material was found as a magnetically recoverable catalyst for Heck reaction of aryl halides and vinylic C–H. The catalyst is easily recoverable with an external magnet and is reusable with different leaching amounts depending to loading of Pd. A hot filtration test was also performed and gave evidence that Palladium in heterogeneous samples can dissolve and then redeposit on the surface of the support material.
»Schuld, Gefährlichkeit und Verantwortlichkeit« – Sichtweise des Strafrechts
Authors: Radtke Henning
Published: November 2020

Auf einem von freier Selbstbestimmung geprägten Menschenbild fußend, gibt das Grundgesetz ein strikt auf die Schuld, im Sinne individueller Verantwortlichkeit, des Täters ausgerichtetes Strafrecht vor. Der freiheitssichernde Charakter des Schuldstrafrechts beschränkt allerdings die Möglichkeiten, prognostizierter zukünftiger Gefährlichkeit eines Täters durch Strafe entgegenzuwirken. Diese Funktion übernimmt die hierfür geschaffene zweite Säule des deutschen Sanktionensystems, bestehend aus Maßregeln der Besserung und Sicherung. Diese dienen der Erfüllung staatlicher Schutzpflichten und werden durch den Grundsatz der Verhältnismäßigkeit begrenzt.
The Virtues of Economic Rescue Legislation: Distributive Justice, Civil Law, and the Troubled Asset Relief Program
Authors: Kuo Henry S.
Published: November 2020

This study constitutes an ethical analysis through the lens of distributive justice in the case of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), which was enacted in the midst of the Great Recession of 2007–2009. It begins by engaging with the visions of justice constructed by John Rawls and Robert Nozick, using their insights to locate the injustices of TARP according to their moral imaginations. However, this study argues that Rawls’ and Nozick’s theories of justice primarily envision the nature of law as being restrictive of vice, not as instructors of virtue. Thus, it resources the legal philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas to demonstrate how the positive pedagogy of law can enable a more just construction of economic rescue legislation, one that not only prevents future repetitions of economic vices and injustice, but is also formative for a society that prizes economic justice and virtues. In doing so, the study proposes two criteria for a more just consideration of economic rescue legislation that embraces law’s positive pedagogy.
Redetermination of the crystal structure of para-toluidine, C7H9N
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: November 2020

C7H9N, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 8.9239(5) Å, b = 5.9550(3) Å, c = 23.1168(11) Å, V = 1228.47(11) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0367, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1019, T = 200 K.
Study on influencing factors of photocatalytic performance of CdS/TiO2nanocomposite concrete
Authors: He Kang , Chen Yu , Mei Mengjun
Published: November 2020

In this study, a high-energy ball mill was used to composite nano-TiO2and CdS, and three kinds of nanocomposite photocatalysts TiO2, CdS/TiO2-R400, and CdS/TiO2-R600 were prepared, which can respond to visible light. The photocatalytic concrete test block was prepared by mixing the nanocomposite photocatalyst and other masses with cement by incorporation method. To study the effect of the photocatalyst content on the photocatalytic performance of nanoconcrete, a total of four catalyst contents (0, 2%, 5%, and 8%) were set. The effects of high-temperature treatment (400°C) and different light sources (ultraviolet and visible light) on photocatalytic efficiency were also considered. The results show that the catalytic efficiency of CdS/TiO2-R400 under two light sources is higher than that of the other two photocatalysts. Compared to ultraviolet light sources, the photocatalytic efficiency of CdS/TiO2nanocomposite concrete under visible light is lower, and the efficiency is below 9%. The optimal amounts of CdS/TiO2nanocomposite photocatalyst under ultraviolet and visible light are 2% and 5%, respectively. The high-temperature treatment can improve the photocatalytic performance of CdS/TiO2nanocomposite photocatalyst by 2% to 3%.
Intellectocracy: A 21stCentury Political Ideology
Authors: Kumar Mahendar
Published: November 2020

The research was conducted in order to understand how democracy has been unable to solve current potential issues of the world and what needs to be changed in this regard. A new political system of Intellectocracy has been introduced based upon the philosophy of Szellemiism- which promulgates that an individuals’ right to vote should be decided as per his/her education, experience and knowledge of the environment around him/her whether national or global. The philosophy determines that, individuals are equal by birth but they do create a difference because of their acquired ability to perform in this world. The concept of Intellectocracy understood as a new political system in which, political leaders at any low or higher level must be elected not just based upon one’s personal preference and judgment equally but, through the weighted voting of individual’s understanding, knowledge and experience of the outside world by using the latest technology. The study concluded at the end that the globe is moving towards a difficult terrain hence it needs wise, patient and intelligent leaders in order to solve native and global issues collectively.
Crisis discourse and framework transition in Maimonides’Mishneh Torah
Authors: Michaelis Omer
Published: November 2020

In his works from the past decade, Menachem Fisch offered an analysis of a crucial distinction between two modes of rationalized transformation: an intra-framework transformation and an inter-framework one, the latter entailing a revolutionary shift of the framework itself. In this article, I analyze the attempt to produce such a framework transition in the tradition of Jewish Halakha (i.e., Jewish Law) by one of the key figures in its history, Moses Maimonides (1135–1204), and to explore how this transition was rationalized and promoted by the utilization of crisis discourse. Using discourse analysis, I analyze the introduction to Maimonides’ great legal code, Mishneh Torah, and explore the modes by which he sought to establish, install and stabilize a homogenous and centralistic legal order at the center of which will lie one – that is, his own – Halakhic book.
Chemical and biochemical thermodynamics reunification (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Sabatini Antonio , Borsari Marco , Moss Gerard P. , Iotti Stefano
Published: November 2020

According to the 1994 IUBMB-IUPAC Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN) on chemical and biochemical reactions, two categories of thermodynamics, based on different concepts and different formalisms, are established: (i) chemical thermodynamics, which employ conventional thermodynamic potentials to deal with chemical reactions [1], [2], [3]; and (ii) biochemical thermodynamics, which employ transformed thermodynamic quantities to deal with biochemical reactions based on the formalism proposed by Alberty [4], [5], [6], [7]. We showed that the two worlds of chemical and biochemical thermodynamics, which so far have been treated separately, can be reunified within the same thermodynamic framework. The thermodynamics of chemical reactions, in which all species are explicitly considered with their atoms and charge balanced, are compared with the transformed thermodynamics generally used to treat biochemical reactions where atoms and charges are not balanced. The transformed thermodynamic quantities suggested by Alberty are obtained by a mathematical transformation of the usual thermodynamic quantities. The present analysis demonstrates that the transformed values for Δr
G′0 and Δr
H′0 can be obtained directly, without performing any transformation, by simply writing the chemical reactions with all the pseudoisomers explicitly included and the elements and charges balanced. The appropriate procedures for computing the stoichiometric coefficients for the pseudoisomers are fully explained by means of an example calculation for the biochemical ATP hydrolysis reaction. It is concluded that the analysis reunifies the “two separate worlds” of conventional thermodynamics and transformed thermodynamics.
Strategic Territorial Power-Sharing and Multi-Party Bargaining in Civil Wars
Authors: Maekawa Wakako
Published: November 2020

Territorial power-sharing arrangements in civil wars face trade-offs between broadening inclusions and dangers of secession. This article argues that in civil wars over a government, the commitment problem is overcome as secession is not in its political agenda, however, the central concern pertains to the issues that arise in policymaking. Granting autonomy at the subnational level leads to peace without weakening the central authority. In addition, in bargaining over policies with multiple conflict parties, a government strategically makes concessions of territorial power-sharing to retain the status quo of national policy and positions in the government in a situation where dominance by one party is not attainable. It signals a government’s less resolute attitude in accommodating additional rebel groups. Hence, territorial power-sharing entails positive externality. This article finds that in civil wars over a government, at a dyad level, the positive effects of territorial power-sharing in peace decreases over time. Instead, the likelihood of a peace agreement with another rebel group increases. The results imply that the effectiveness of the autonomy arrangement depends on strategic concessions and broader future inclusions.
On some novel exact solutions to the time fractional (2 + 1) dimensional Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky system arising in physical science
Authors: Akhtar Junaid , Seadawy Aly R. , Tariq Kalim U. , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this article is to construct some novel exact travelling and solitary wave solutions of the time fractional (2 + 1) dimensional Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky equation, and two different forms of integration schemes have been utilized in this context. As a result, a variety of bright and dark solitons, kink- and antikink-type solitons, hyperbolic functions, trigonometric functions, elliptic functions, periodic solitary wave solutions and travelling wave solutions are obtained, and the sufficient conditions for the existence of solution are also discussed. Moreover, some of the obtained solutions are illustrated as two- and three-dimensional graphical images by using computational software Mathematica. These types of solutions have a wide range of applications in applied sciences and mathematical physics. The proposed methods are very useful for solving nonlinear partial differential equations arising in physical science and engineering.
Verbal explanations by collaborating robot teams
Authors: Singh Avinash Kumar , Baranwal Neha , Richter Kai-Florian , Hellström Thomas , Bensch Suna
Published: November 2020

In this article, we present work on collaborating robot teams that use verbal explanations of their actions and intentions in order to be more understandable to the human. For this, we introduce a mechanism that determines what information the robots should verbalize in accordance with Grice’s maxim of quantity, i.e., convey as much information as is required and no more or less. Our setup is a robot team collaborating to achieve a common goal while explaining in natural language what they are currently doing and what they intend to do. The proposed approach is implemented on three Pepper robots moving objects on a table. It is evaluated by human subjects answering a range of questions about the robots’ explanations, which are generated using either our proposed approach or two further approaches implemented for evaluation purposes. Overall, we find that our proposed approach leads to the most understanding of what the robots are doing. In addition, we further propose a method for incorporating policies driving the distribution of tasks among the robots, which may further support understandability.
Robot-mediated intervention can assist children with autism to develop visual perspective taking skills
Authors: Lakatos Gabriella , Wood Luke Jai , Syrdal Dag Sverre , Robins Ben , Zaraki Abolfazl , Dautenhahn Kerstin
Published: November 2020

In this work, we tested a recently developed novel methodology to assist children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) improve their Visual Perspective Taking (VPT) and Theory of Mind (ToM) skills using the humanoid robot Kaspar. VPT is the ability to see the world from another person’s perspective, drawing upon both social and spatial information. Children with ASD often find it difficult to understand that others might have perspectives, viewpoints and beliefs that are different from their own, which is a fundamental aspect of both VPT and ToM. The games we designed were implemented as the first attempt to study if these skills can be improved in children with ASD through interacting with a humanoid robot in a series of trials. The games involved a number of different actions with the common goal of helping the children to see the world from the robot’s perspective. Children with ASD were recruited to the study according to specific inclusion criteria that were determined in a previous pilot study. In order to measure the potential impact of the games on the children, three pre- and post-tests (Smarties, Sally–Anne and Charlie tests) were conducted with the children. Our findings suggest that children with ASD can indeed benefit from this approach of robot-assisted therapy.
Validation of nuclear reaction models for incident α-particles
Authors: Machner Hartmut
Published: November 2020

Two different models allowing the calculation of reaction products are confronted with data from α-particle induced reactions. Both models contain a pre-equilibrium part and an equilibrium or compound nucleus part. The models are the exciton model in form of a code written by the author and TALYS. The other model is the intranuclear cascade model in form of the Liege-Saclay formulation incorporated in the PHITS code. The data are angle-integrated proton spectra from reactions with α-particle energies below 720 MeV and excitation functions from multi neutron emission with α-particle energies below 200 MeV.
Development of SiO2 based doped with LiF, Cr2O3, CoO4 and B2O3 glasses for gamma and fast neutron shielding
Authors: Aygün Bünyamin , Şakar Erdem , Karabulut Abdulhalik , Alım Bünyamin , Sayyed Mohammed I. , Singh Vishwanath P. , Yorgun Nergiz Yıldız , Özpolat Özgür Fırat
Published: November 2020

In this study, the fast neutron and gamma-ray absorption capacities of the new glasses have been investigated, which are obtained by doping CoO,CdWO4,Bi2O3, Cr2O3, ZnO, LiF,B2O3 and PbO compounds to SiO2 based glasses. GEANT4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation codes have been used in the planning of the samples. The glasses were produced using a well-known melt-quenching technique. The effective neutron removal cross-sections, mean free paths, half-value layer, and transmission numbers of the fabricated glasses have been calculated through both GEANT4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation codes. Experimental neutron absorbed dose measurements have been carried out. It was found that GS4 glass has the best neutron protection capacity among the produced glasses. In addition to neutron shielding properties, the gamma-ray attenuation capacities, were calculated using newly developed Phy-X/PSD software. The gamma-ray shielding properties of GS1 and GS2 are found to be equivalent to Pb-based glass.
Toughening of nanocomposite hard coatings
Authors: Mishra Suman Kumari
Published: November 2020

For engineering applications, hardness must be complimented with high toughness for applications where high contact loads are there. A good combination of hardness, toughness and low coefficient of friction can be achieved, by suitable tailoring of microstructures of coating in hard nanocomposite coatings. Tribologocal applications require hard coatings with tailored functionalities for different applications; hard nanocomposite coatings are potential materials for such applications. Ti and amorphous carbon based systems have shown more promising material. The present review discusses the nanocomposite hard coatings, mechanism of enhancement of toughness, multilayer hard nanocomposite coatings. Here, mainly Ti and Si based nanocomposite has been discussed as carbon based reviews are available in plenty in literature and well documented. Ti-B-N, Ti-Si-B-C, Ti-Si-B-C-N, Si-C-N, Ti-Al-N, Ti-Al-Si-N, Al-Si-N, Ti-Cr-Al-N, Zr-Si-N and some other similar system nanocomposite hard coatings are important where the gradual and intelligent additions of different elements in hard single component phase provides the combination of hardness, toughness and low coefficient of friction. Some of these systems are discussed. In the end, the future directions of research, Technology„ which are required to achieve tough nanocomposite hard coatings for actual applications are also highlighted.
Kingship at Play
Authors: Année Magali
Published: November 2020

Do the early Greek poets and thinkers really “play” with their language? What sort of “play” should we expect from part of the professional craftsmen they were of a basicallysoundlanguage? What did imply their awareness of thephono-syllabic nature of Greek language? And what about Heraclitus in particular, who is most concerned among them with theintrinsic virtuesof Greek discourse (λόγος)? An analysis of fr. 22 B 52 DK within the melodic and sonic state of archaic Greek language reveals, instead of “play of words”, a ratherspontaneousphenomenon of phono-syllabic generation, that is asnecessaryfor the political message of Heraclitus’ fragment as the meaning of each of its words and their superficial syntactic organization.
Ancient Etymology and the Enigma of Okeanos
Authors: Bouchard Elsa
Published: November 2020

Okeanos is at once a mythological figure and a philosophical concept appearing in many ancient accounts of the world. A frequent object of allegoresis, his cosmological role and his name posed an enigma to Homer’s readers, especially those with a rationalizing bent. This paper proposes that the paradoxical representation of Okeanos as a primordial generative power and a geographical limit may be explained by the influence of etymological speculation, which was a popular heuristic method used by Greek intellectuals from the archaic period throughout antiquity.
Inverse Analysis of Concrete Meso-constitutive Model Parameters Considering Aggregate Size Effect
Authors: Guo Lixia , Li Song , Zhong Ling , Guo Lei , Wang Lunyan
Published: November 2020

The meso numerical simulation has become an important method to study the characteristics of materials; however, the key to its further application is determining the parameters of meso-constitutive model. Considering that the meso-scale parameters of materials are hard to measure, this paper took into account the aggregate size effect and proposed a meso-parameter identification method by combining random aggregate numerical simulation and genetic algorithm. First, a random aggregate model of concrete was established, and its meso-model parameters were analyzed. The Morris method was used to analyze the sensitivity of meso-component parameters to the macro-responses, and results showed that the elastic modulus of mortar matrix, interface and large aggregates had a great effect on the peak strain and that the elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio and tensile strength of interface and mortar matrix, as well as the Poisson’s ratio of large aggregates and the elastic modulus of small aggregates all had an effect on the peak stress, among which the interface tensile strength produced the greatest effect. Second, a parametric inversion and optimization function was established. The uniaxial compression numerical simulation test and genetic algorithm were combined to invert the meso-parameters, and results showed that compared with the single-aggregate parameter inversion curve, the multi-aggregate inversion stress-strain curve was much closer to the measured curve. That was because the aggregates of small size had lower elastic modulus, easing the stress concentration at the interface between aggregates and cement stone, and delaying the formation and growth of cracks.
The imagination, the conscious, and the unconscious in Jean Cocteau’s La Belle et la Bête
Authors: Dalvesco Rebecca
Published: November 2020

Charles S. Peirce’s and Sigmund Freud’s theories may be used to interpret Jean Cocteau’s film La Belle et la Bête (1946). This film has a specific set of codes which connote its filmic language. Cocteau uses fetishistic objects as symbols and icons to reflect the psychological meaning of the film’s narrative. Peirce’s icons and symbols include the connection a person may make through the conventions and expressions of language a person links with the object or idea being observed. Peirce’s semiotic theory functions as a theory of communication. His theory refocuses on culture. Freud’s theories can be linked with ideas produced by Peirce in forming sign relations with the interpretation of the film and the role of imagination in the film. Especially important are Freud’s ideas of repression, conscious and unconscious as they relate to Cocteau’s filmic narrative and the film’s main character Belle.
Die (unvollkommene) Rückkehr der Abschreckung
Authors: Rühle Michael
Published: November 2020

Im Zuge der russischen Annexion der Krim sowie einer neuen Konkurrenz der Großmächte ist das Konzept der Abschreckung als wichtiger Bestandteil westlicher Sicherheitspolitik wieder in den Blickpunkt gerückt. Allerdings krankt die Debatte an einem Alarmismus, der einer rationalen Abschreckungsdiskussion abträglich ist. Vor allem aber krankt sie an dem Widerspruch, die Zuverlässigkeit klassischer militärischer Abschreckung in Zweifel zu ziehen, das Konzept jedoch zugleich auf die Abwehr „hybrider“ Bedrohungen ausdehnen zu wollen. Insgesamt erweckt die aktuelle Abschreckungsdebatte den Eindruck, sie diene als Ersatz für eine notwendige, wesentlich breitere Auseinandersetzung über die künftige Rolle der USA sowie über den Umgang des Westens mit seinen strategischen Konkurrenten.
Bayesian bandwidth estimation for local linear fitting in nonparametric regression models
Authors: Shang Han Lin , Zhang Xibin
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a Bayesian sampling approach to bandwidth estimation for the local linear estimator of the regression function in a nonparametric regression model. In the Bayesian sampling approach, the error density is approximated by a location-mixture density of Gaussian densities with means the individual errors and variance a constant parameter. This mixture density has the form of a kernel density estimator of errors and is referred to as the kernel-form error density (c.f. Zhang, X., M. L. King, and H. L. Shang. 2014. “A Sampling Algorithm for Bandwidth Estimation in a Nonparametric Regression Model with a Flexible Error Density.”Computational Statistics & Data Analysis78: 218–34.). While (Zhang, X., M. L. King, and H. L. Shang. 2014. “A Sampling Algorithm for Bandwidth Estimation in a Nonparametric Regression Model with a Flexible Error Density.”Computational Statistics & Data Analysis78: 218–34) use the local constant (also known as the Nadaraya-Watson) estimator to estimate the regression function, we extend this to the local linear estimator, which produces more accurate estimation. The proposed investigation is motivated by the lack of data-driven methods for simultaneously choosing bandwidths in the local linear estimator of the regression function and kernel-form error density. Treating bandwidths as parameters, we derive an approximate (pseudo) likelihood and a posterior. A simulation study shows that the proposed bandwidth estimation outperforms the rule-of-thumb and cross-validation methods under the criterion of integrated squared errors. The proposed bandwidth estimation method is validated through a nonparametric regression model involving firm ownership concentration, and a model involving state-price density estimation.
Are multifractal processes suited to forecasting electricity price volatility? Evidence from Australian intraday data
Authors: Segnon Mawuli , Lau Chi Keung , Wilfling Bernd , Gupta Rangan
Published: November 2020

We analyze Australian electricity price returns and find that they exhibit volatility clustering, long memory, structural breaks, and multifractality. Consequently, we let the return mean equation follow two alternative specifications, namely (i) a smooth transition autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (STARFIMA) process, and (ii) a Markov-switching autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (MSARFIMA) process. We specify volatility dynamics via a set of (i) short- and long-memory GARCH-type processes, (ii) Markov-switching (MS) GARCH-type processes, and (iii) a Markov-switching multifractal (MSM) process. Based on equal and superior predictive ability tests (using MSE and MAE loss functions), we compare the out-of-sample relative forecasting performance of the models. We find that the (multifractal) MSM volatility model keeps up with the conventional GARCH- and MSGARCH-type specifications. In particular, the MSM model outperforms the alternative specifications, when using the daily squared return as a proxy for latent volatility.
Differing interests in the management of multilingualism in Czech higher education
Authors: Sherman Tamah
Published: November 2020

This paper is devoted to several ways in which the language of instruction in Czech universities is managed. One of the key issues in this context is the fact that programs accredited in the Czech language are tuition-free, while those in foreign languages are paid. On the one hand, it is deemed desirable by certain actors to integrate greater numbers of students from abroad, conform to the discourse of internationalization, and even earn money through courses in English. On the other hand, it is also viewed as necessary by other actors to cultivate the Czech language and provide a solid education for local students. These multiple and often opposing interests, as well as a number of language ideologies, guide individual management acts. Utilizing the language management framework (Jernudd/Neustupný 1987; Fairbrother/Nekvapil/Sloboda 2018), I explore three selected examples of the management of the language of instruction. In the first, I show how many Czech university programs are accredited in the Czech language, but offer many classes in English. In the second, I examine one case of financial motivation for foreign-language courses through university teaching development projects. In the third, I point to the differences between the language of accreditation of some Ph.D. programs and the languages actually used in their realization. Finally, I consider the fact that all of these cases of management involve some sort of compromise between the interests of certain groups, which means that the only way forward is an increased awareness of all aspects of the management processes.
Die Universität Luxemburg: eine dreisprachige Universität?
Authors: Wagner Melanie
Published: November 2020

Luxembourg is officially a trilingual country with most indigenous Luxembourgers speaking Luxembourgish, German and French, even if not necessarily all to the same standard. A high proportion (44.5 %) of the population consists of immigrants whose different linguistic repertoires add other languages to the multilingual landscape of the country. Multilingualism is a highly salient feature of Luxembourg’s society and plays out differently in different domains, such as home, school, work or public institutions. The country’s university, the University of Luxembourg, founded in 2003, is one of Luxembourg’s multilingual institutions, with English, French and German as official languages but with currently no explicit language policy. Study schemes and diplomas should be at least bilingual and students as well as staff should master at least two of the official languages. Neither the country’s national language Luxembourgish, nor the language of the proportionally highest migrant community Portuguese are part of the university’s languages. Due to the lack of an explicit and official document regarding the University of Luxembourg’s language policy and planning, in this chapter, I will focus on the current language situation in the areas of teaching, research and administration. After looking into the use of different languages in these domains and studying the existing guidelines regarding language use, I will identify the different actors responsible for and influencing the language planning and policy at the University of Luxembourg and situate them on the micro, meso and macro level.
The university as a terrain for hidden language conflicts? German, English and the silence beyond them
Authors: Dannerer Monika
Published: November 2020

In this paper, language policy (LP) at the University of Salzburg (Austria), a mid-size seemingly monolingual university, serves as an example to analyse (potential) language conflicts at the institutional level considering the roles played by German, English and ‘immigrant’ languages at the university. Language management, beliefs, and (reported) language use by different stakeholders in higher education (administrators, academic and administrative staff and students) are contrasted, also taking into consideration different linguistic backgrounds (German as L1, German as L2 and German as a foreign language). This offers an overall perspective on institutional LP that is still group sensitive, one that reveals two different hidden language conflicts: the non-addressed conflict between the two most important and visible languages at the university by far, German and English, as well as the neglected and negated conflict between German and the hidden “immigrant” languages. A consistent ‘internationalisation at home’ strategy would address these hidden conflicts and show backwash effects on ideas of language use in education as well as in society in general.
Corrigendum to “Achievable Multiplicity partitions in the Inverse Eigenvalue Problem of a graph” [Spec. Matrices 2019; 7:276-290.]
Authors: Adm Mohammad , Fallat Shaun , Meagher Karen , Nasserasr Shahla , Plosker Sarah , Yang Boting
Published: November 2020

We correct an error in the original Lemma 3.4 in our paper “Achievable Multiplicity partitions in the IEVP of a graph”’ [Spec. Matrices 2019; 7:276-290.]. We have re-written Section 3 accordingly.
The ‘Cycle’ of Arignota. Sappho’s frr. 95 and 96 V.
Authors: Tsantsanoglou Kyriakos
Published: November 2020

After preparing a detailed new edition of Sappho’s frr. 95 and 96 V., continuously transmitted in the parchment codex P. Berol. 9722, the author proposes that they constitute a ‘cycle’ of three homometric poems with a common theme articulated in successive episodes (i. 95, ii. 96.1–20, iii. 96.21–36). In the first, Sappho conveys her despair for her separation from her beloved pupils, Arignota being one of them. In the second, Arignota is presented in Sardis, where she excels among the Lydian women. She expresses a strong feeling of nostalgia for her stay in Lesbos with Sappho and for her beloved friend there, Atthis. In the third, Sappho addresses Atthis and, employing the mythological exemplum of Aphrodite’s love to Adonis and their distant meetings, declares that they will sail to the port of Geraistion in Asia Minor’s Aegean coast, whence they will travel to Sardis for meeting their old friend. The author also meditates on the possibility that the name Ἀριγνώτα (= ‘One-easy-to-be-known, Easy-to-identify’), is a renaming by Sappho of Ἀρύηνιc, the daughter of the Lydian king Alyattes, who is yearning to see her old teacher and her childhood girlfriend before her marriage to Astyages, son of Kyaxares, king of the Medes. The marriage was negotiated for ending a many years war between the two nations, a peace that coincided with the eclipse of the sun, usually dated on May 28, 585 BC.