bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Preoperative Radiographic Patellofemoral Degenerative Changes and Malalignment on Patellofemoral-Specific Outcome Scores Following Fixed-Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Burger Joost A. , Kleeblad Laura J. , Laas Niels , Pearle Andrew D.
Published: September 2019

Background:

There is controversy as to whether the presence of degenerative changes and malalignment of the patellofemoral joint is a contraindication to medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the influence of preoperative radiographic patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis and alignment on intermediate-term knee and patellofemoral joint-specific patient-reported outcomes following fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of the records on a consecutive series of patients who had undergone robotic arm-assisted fixed-bearing onlay medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and had a minimum duration of follow-up of 2 years. All records were collected from a single surgeon’s arthroplasty registry. Patients with severe bone loss or grooving of the lateral patellar facet were excluded. Radiographic assessment was performed with use of the Kellgren-Lawrence and Altman classification systems as well as with patellofemoral joint alignment measurements. The latest follow-up consisted of a patient-reported questionnaire, including the Kujala (Anterior Knee Pain Scale) score, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Junior (JR), and satisfaction levels.

Results:

A total of 536 patients (639 knees) were included. After a mean duration of follow-up (and standard deviation) of 4.3 ± 1.6 years (range, 2.0 to 9.2 years), good-to-excellent Kujala scores were reported independent of the presence of patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis preoperatively (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 0 compared with ≥1, p = 0.82; grade ≤1 compared with ≥2, p = 0.84). Similar findings were found when osteoarthritis was present in either the medial or lateral side of the patellofemoral joint as defined by an Altman score of ≥2 (medial, p = 0.81; lateral, p = 0.90). KOOS scores and satisfaction also were not affected by degenerative patellofemoral joint changes. Furthermore, neither the patellar tilt angle nor the congruence angle influenced patient-reported outcomes.

Conclusions:

Preoperative radiographic mild to moderate patellofemoral joint degeneration (Kellgren-Lawrence grades 1 through 3) and/or malalignment did not compromise intermediate-term knee and patellofemoral joint-specific patient-reported outcomes in patients managed with fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. On the basis of the results of the present study, we believe that neither mild to moderate patellofemoral degeneration nor abnormal patellar tilt or congruence should be considered a contraindication to fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Oculocardiac and Oculorespiratory Reflex during Strabismus Surgery under General Anesthesia with Laryngeal Mask Airway for Maintaining Spontaneous Respiration: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shin Sun Young , Kim Min Ju , Joo Jin
Published: September 2019

Background: The oculocardiac reflex (OCR) is defined as a 10–20% reduction in heart rate (HR) from the baseline value or dysrhythmia, and the oculorespiratory reflex (ORR) manifests as shallow respiratory movement and bradypnea caused by manipulation of the eye. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the specific muscle operated on has an effect on OCR and ORR, as well as whether the depth of anesthesia influences the OCR and ORR in patients undergoing strabismus surgery with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) to maintain spontaneous respiration. Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent strabismus surgery on lateral rectus (LR) and medial rectus (MR) muscles from January 2017 to December 2017 were reviewed. For anesthesia induction, propofol was administered and the LMA was inserted. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and spontaneous respiration. Results: The incidences of OCR during LR and MR operations were not significantly different between pediatric and adult patients (29% vs 27% and 15% vs 16%, respectively, p < 0.05). The incidence of ORR, as indexed by tidal volume (TV), was higher during MR surgery than during LR surgery in pediatric patients (29.3% vs 10.1%, p < 0.05). The change in HR during muscle traction and bispectral index (BIS) showed a negative correlation in pediatric patients, but this was not statistically significant. The change in TV during muscle traction and BIS was significantly correlated, in both pediatric and adult patients (r2 = 0.034 and 0.058, respectively, p < 0.05), while the change in respiratory rate (RR) during muscle traction and BIS did not show a significant correlation in either group. Conclusions: The incidence rate of OCR did not differ between LR and MR surgeries, and the depth of anesthesia did not correlate with HR changes during muscle traction. Young age and MR surgery may be risk factors for ORR. However, MV did not decrease because of the increased RR during muscle traction. Thus, maintenance of spontaneous respiration with an LMA is safe during strabismus surgery under general anesthesia for both pediatric and adult patients.
Correlates of improvement of care need level in disabled older adults: Two-year follow-up study in 11,585 older people
Authors: Hayashi Yuta , Hato Shinnosuke , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: September 2019

Background The correlates to the improvements of care need level are not clear. In this study, we examined physical function, cognitive function, and ADL abilities that affect the improvement in the care need level for older adults who required low-level care at the baseline. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 11,585 individuals aged 65 years and older who had received personal care for two or more years starting from the baseline assessment that is motor function, cognitivefunction, and activity of daily living.Subjects who had an improvement in their care need level from baseline to two years later were put into the Improved Group, while subjects who maintained the baseline level or deteriorated were put into the Maintained/Deteriorated Group. We conducted a univariate analysis using the t-test and chi-square test to compare the differences for each variable between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted with motor function, cognitive function, and FIM binary classification where significant correlation was found as independent variables, and with the Improved Group and the Maintained/Deteriorated Group as dependent variablesResults Motor function at baseline was not associated with improvement of the care need level in older adults who require low-level care, instead, MSQ (odds ratio (OR) 2.44，95% confidence interval (CI) 2.13-2.79，P<0.01) and sub-scores of FIM included self-care (OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.01-1.33, P<0.05), continence (OR 1.25，95%CI 1.01-1.58，P<0.05), and social cognition (OR 1.34，95%CI 1.14-1.58，P<0.01) were significantly correlated with the improvement of the care need level.Conclusions The improvements of care need level were associated with cognitive function, self-care ability, bladder/bowel control, and social cognition ability at baseline, although there were no correlations between the improvements of care need level and motor function in older adults.
Multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing bacterial isolates among children under five years old suspected bloodstream infection in a specialized Hospital in Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Tadesse Mequanint Mitiku , Matebie Zeleke Ayenew , Tullu Kassu Desta
Published: September 2019

Background : Bloodstream infections due to bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric patients. Emergence of drug resistance in high classes of antibiotics among the bacterial pathogens is another issue of the public health concern. Therefore, this study aimed to determine Multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase producing bacterial isolates among septicemia suspected under five Children in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia.

Methods : Across-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to June 2018 among pediatric patients with febrile illness aged under five in Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital. Three hundred forty blood samples were collected and processed following standard microbiological techniques and culture was performed using BacT/Alert machine in combination with conventional method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and MIC technique.

Result: A total of 137(40.2%) bacterial pathogens were isolated from 340 pediatric patients suspected of BSI with febrile illness. Of these isolates 54% were Gram negative bacteria. Among gram negative isolates 43 (31.4%) Klebsiella pneumonia e and Acinitiobacter species were the most frequently isolated pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were 95.6% MDR, 23.7% ESBL, and 27.1% CRE in children.

Conclusion : In this study, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogens associated with BSI in pediatrics with high antimicrobial resistance. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing organisms were common in Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli isolates. Since most of isolates exhibit multidrug resistant, invitro- susceptibility of antimicrobials is mandatory. Strengthen antimicrobial surveillance system and antimicrobial stewardship is necessary for better management of antibiotics in addition to infection prevention practice in Hospital settings.
The utility or lack thereof regarding serum p53 antibody for detecting ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer in the era of immunosuppressive therapy.
Authors: Toritani Kenichiro , Kimura Hideaki , Kunisaki Reiko , Watanabe Jun , Kunisaki Chikara , Ishibe Atsushi , Chiba Sawako , Inayama Yoshiaki , Endo Itaru
Published: September 2019

Background: Serum anti-p53 antibodies (Abs) have been considered useful for the early detection of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). However, since the spread of immunosuppressive therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment in the 2010s, we have experienced a low prevalence of anti-p53 Abs in UC patients. The present study thus examined the utility of serum p53 Abs for detecting CAC in the era of immunosuppressive therapy.

Methods: A series of 320 consecutive surgical cases of UC patients between April 2008 and March 2019 were enrolled in this study. Patients with no serum anti-p53 Abs data were excluded. Of the 250 patients analyzed, 219 had no carcinoma or dysplasia (Group non-CAC), and 31 had carcinoma or dysplasia (Group CAC). Serum anti-p53 Abs were detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immnohistochemical detection was performed in Group CAC. Immunosuppressive therapy included a history of medication with prednisolone >20 mg/day, immunosuppressant drugs, immunomodulator drugs or biologic therapies for UC.

Results: Immunosuppressive therapy was performed in 98.1% of Group non-CAC and 80.6% of Group CAC. There were no marked differences in serum anti-p53 Abs positivity between Groups non-CAC and CAC (8.7% vs. 3.2%, p =0.30). p53 staining positivity was noted in 90.3% of Group CAC, and the rate of serum p53 positivity was significantly lower in patients with immunosuppressive therapy than in those without in Group CAC (0.0% vs. 16.7%, p =0.04).

Conclusions: The utility of serum p53 Abs for detecting CAC is dubious in the era of immunosuppressive therapy.
Proposal of the ‘extreme rank plot’ for extreme value analysis: with an emphasis on flood frequency studies
Authors: Hammond Anthony
Published: September 2019

To assess model ‘fit’ for flood frequency studies, the annual maximum flow sample is often plotted alongside the frequency curve in an extreme value plot. The comparison is ill advised because a value is speculatively assigned for each rank, in the form of a frequency (the plotting positions); in which case a model of the frequencies is being used to assess a frequency model. The modelled and observed, with attributed plotting positions, are incommensurable. The proposed method in this paper does not attempt to provide a frequency attributed to the ranks and instead attributes ranks to the model under investigation. If the model is used to simulate thousands of samples of the same size as the observed, a distribution of possible peak flow values for each rank can be obtained. For each simulated sample, descriptive statistics can be derived. In this way, statistical testing can be undertaken to compare the observed with the modelled. Using such methods, two or more models can also be compared. Examples are provided for Flood Estimation Handbook pooling and continuous simulation models along with a comparison of the two.
Technique for the cultivation and use of antineoplastic or immunobiological preparations
Authors: Litvinov D. V. , Myakova N. V. , Shifrin Yu. A. , Pimenova O. V.
Published: September 2019

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Platelet Oxidative Stress and its Relationship with Cardiovascular Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: El Haouari Mohammed
Published: September 2019

Enhanced platelet activation and thrombosis are linked to various cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Among other mechanisms, oxidative stress seems to play a pivotal role in platelet hyperactivity. Indeed, upon stimulation by physiological agonists, human platelets generate and release several types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2 -, H2O2 or OH-, further amplifying the platelet activation response via various signalling pathways, including, formation of isoprostanes, Ca2+ mobilization and NO inactivation. Furthermore, excessive platelet ROS generation, incorporation of free radicals from environment and/or depletion of antioxidants induce pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and platelet hyperaggregability effects, leading to the incidence of cardiovascular events. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the effect of oxidative stress on platelet signaling pathways and its implication in CVD such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also summarize the role of natural antioxidants included in vegetables, fruits and medicinal herbs in reducing platelet function via an oxidative stress-mediated mechanism.
A Facile One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Methylbenzisoxazoles via a Key Intermediate of ortho-Ethoxyvinyl Nitroaryls by Domino Rearrangement and Their Anti- Inflammatory Activity
Authors: Nagaraju Bashetti , Shanmukhakumar Jagarlapudi V. , Seelam Nareshvarma , Subbaiah Tondepu , Prasanna Bethanamudi
Published: September 2019

Background:

Recently, there has been a lot of scientific interest in exploring the syntheses of
oxygen and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds due to their pharmacological activities. In addition,
benzisoxazoles play a very important role in organic synthesis as key intermediates.

Objective:

In this paper, we focused on developing a novel synthetic route for biologically active
arylisoxazoles under normal conditions, and simplified it to get high purities and yields, and also reported their
anti-inflammatory activities.

Method:

An efficient and simple method has been explored for the synthesis of novel 3-methyl arylisoxazoles
from o-nitroaryl halides via o-ethoxyvinylnitroaryls, using dihydrated stannous chloride (SnCl2.2H2O) in
MeOH / EtOAc (1:1) via Domino rearrangement in one pot synthesis.

Result:

We synthesized novel 3-methylarylisoxazoles from o-nitroarylhalides via o-ethoxyvinylnitroaryls,
using dihydrated stannous chloride (SnCl2.2H2O) in MeOH / EtOAc (1:1) via domino rearrangement. In this
reduction, nitro group and ethoxy vinyl group change to the functional acyl ketones, followed by hetero
cyclization. Here, the reaction proceeds without the isolation of intermediates like 2-acylnitroarenes and 2-
acylanilines. All the synthesized compounds were completely characterized by the NMR and mass spectra. The
compounds were also explored for their anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced inflammation in the
albino rats (150-200 g) of either sex used in this entire study with the use of Diclofenac sodium as the standard
drug. The initial evaluations identified leading targets with good to moderate anti-inflammatory activity.

Conclusion:

A simple, one-pot and convenient method has been explored for the synthesis of novel 3-
methylarylisoxazoles with high purity and reaction yields. All the compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3f, 3g and 3h
exhibited 51-64% anti-inflammatory activities.
A Baby Formula Designed for Chinese Babies: Content Analysis of Milk Formula Advertisements on Chinese Parenting Apps
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Mu , Freeman Becky
Published: September 2019

Background

China is the largest market for infant formula. With the increasing use of smartphones, apps have become the latest tool used to promote milk formula. Formula manufacturers and distributors both have seized the popularity of apps as an avenue for marketing.

Objective

This study aimed to identify and analyze milk formula ads featured on Chinese pregnancy and parenting apps, to build the first complete picture of app-based milk formula marketing techniques being used by milk formula brand variants on these apps, and to more fully understand the ad content that potentially undermines public health messaging about infant and young child feeding.

Methods

We searched for free-to-download Chinese parenting apps in the 360 App Store, the biggest Android app store in China. The final sample consisted of 353 unique formula ads from the 79 apps that met the inclusion criteria. We developed a content analysis coding tool for categorizing the marketing techniques used in ads, which included a total of 22 coding options developed across 4 categories: emotional imagery, marketing elements, claims, and advertising disclosure.

Results

The 353 milk formula ads were distributed across 31 companies, 44 brands, and 79 brand variants. Overall, 15 of 31 corporations were international with the remaining 16 being Chinese owned. An image of a natural pasture was the most commonly used emotional image among the brand variants (16/79). All variants included branding elements, and 75 variants linked directly to e-shops. Special price promotions were promoted by nearly half (n=39) of all variants. A total of 5 variants included a celebrity endorsement in their advertising. A total of 25 of the 79 variants made a product quality claim. Only 14 variants made a direct advertisement disclosure.

Conclusions

The purpose of marketing messages is to widen the use of formula and normalize formula as an appropriate food for all infants and young children, rather than as a specialized food for those unable to breastfeed. Policy makers should take steps to establish an appropriate regulatory framework and provide detailed monitoring and enforcement to ensure that milk formula marketing practices do not undermine breastfeeding norms and behaviors.
Outbreak Investigation of a Multipathogen Foodborne Disease in a Training Institute in Rabat, Morocco: Case-Control Study (Preprint)
Authors: Moumni Abdou Houda , Dahbi Ilham , Akrim Mohammed , Meski Fatima Zahra , Khader Yousef , Lakranbi Mohammed , Ezzine Hind , Khattabi Asmae
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

On June 18, 2017, the public health service was alerted about 43 students in the training institute in Rabat who were admitted to the emergency room for acute gastroenteritis following the uptake of a meal a day before.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the foodborne disease outbreak by confirming the outbreak, identifying the source of contamination, and recommending control measures.

METHODS

We conducted a case-control study. Cases and controls were selected in a ratio of 1:1. We defined a case as any member of the training institute who attended the Ramadan buffet in the institute’s restaurant and who had presented, in the weekend of June 16 to 20, 2017, symptoms of diarrhea or vomiting with at least one of the following signs: abdominal pain, fever, headache, nausea, and dizziness. A control was defined as anyone who attended the Ramadan buffet in the institute’s restaurant but had not presented any symptoms from June 16 to 20, 2017. We conducted a bivariate and multivariable analysis. Stools of ill students were collected, and a food specimen was collected for bacterial testing.

RESULTS

A total of 50 cases and 50 controls were selected. Among the cases, males were predominant (43/50, 86%); the median age was 21 years. A total of 47 cases sought medical care. There were no hospitalizations and no deaths. The episode was short with an estimated average incubation period of 9 hours. The epidemic curve oriented toward a common source of contamination. Among food items, briwates were strongly associated with the illness with an odd ratio of 14.23 (95% CI 5.04-40.04; P<.001). Laboratory testing of briwates showed presence of Escherichia coli O157 and Staphylococcus aureus.

CONCLUSIONS

This foodborne disease outbreak was likely caused by briwates that was contaminated with S aureus and E coli. We recommended strengthening hygiene measures. Food handling techniques should be taught as part of continuous professional development for food handlers.
EPCOT theme park as a science communication space: the Test Track case
Authors: Martin Daniela
Published: September 2019

Science and technology have become tools to legitimize messages that affect the world in terms of society, politics and economy. This paper presents part of the results of a study that analyzed the symbolic construction of the future in the scientific-technological discourse at EPCOT theme park in Orlando, Florida. The sociohistorical conditions and narrative strategies are analyzed based on the theoretical and methodological approach by John B. Thompson. The results highlighted that the construction of the notion of progress is strongly influenced by the commercial and political interests of the sponsors. In particular, the ‘Test Track’ ride totally lacks any discussion about the impact of cars on society and the environment. The future is presented as a utopian one without any possible disruption, a perception that permeated the development of the United States over the 20th century and is promoted even in the 21st century despite the evidence provided by multiple wars and crises.
Humanidades digitais: O Brasil conectado e as perspectivas de interpretação dos museus em Porto Alegre.
Authors: Bittencourt Francisco Júlio
Published: September 2019

Uma sociedade conectada utiliza um novo conceito de patrimônio que aparece quando o espaço se modifica de físico para o de fluxo de dados em rede. O ciberespaço e as tecnologias possibilitam, além de informações atualizadas para o visitante ou pesquisador permitindo que ele atue como coautor criando, compartilhando e divulgando informações online do acervo do museu, através de uma tela ou dispositivo eletrônico. Este é um fenômeno global que leva os indivíduos a interagir, trocar saberes e absorver mudanças sociais. O texto analisa a sociedade conectada no Brasil e usa o exemplo de Porto Alegre e de seus museus, para caracterizar a participação dessas instituições nas redes sociais.
The Effects of Malaysian Hotels Services on Customer Loyalty
Authors: Keshavarz Yousef
Published: September 2019

In recent years, the tourism industry has become more important in terms of the global economy. It is revealed that inbound tourism has become one of the major trade categories. Like other countries in Malaysia several industries involve to attract tourists in the country. The hotel industry is one of these industries affects tourists to be satisfied and desire to visit the place again. Service quality is the most important factor by which hotels influence their guests to be loyal; therefore in this study the effect of service quality on tourist loyalty will be investigated. Factors of service quality, which affected from the expected service quality and affect tourist loyalty, include tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. In this study, guests of hotels, apartments and budget hotels are considered as the research population and 500 respondents from both domestic and international tourists are selected by clustering sampling. The finding of this study is helpful for hoteliers to understand the demands of their customer from different countries with different cultures and plan new strategies to meet their needs and influence them to be loyal on hotels.
Steven Jobs (London: Little, Brown)
Authors: Srinivasan Shiva Kumar
Published: September 2019

Its a Book review. Check out full PDF instead
Depression and Internet use in a Sample of Malaysian Undergraduate Students
Authors: Xi Lu
Published: September 2019

This study used a set of questionnaire to investigate the Internet use and depression level in a sample of Malaysian undergraduate students, which identified 12 cases as pathological Internet use (PIU) in a total sample of 90 students using Beard and Wolfâ€™s (2001) criterion. Students with PIU spent significantly longer time on Internet and experienced extremely higher level of depression (M=42.83, SD=11.86) than their non-PIU counterparts (M=26.26, SD=14.79), which is in the severe level. The gender difference on depression was also detected in this study but not for time spent online. Lastly, this study found that students with PIU would like to spent more time on SNS, browsing with no specific purpose, and online media viewing, while students with increasing level of depression would accelerate the time spent online, especially on SNS, browsing with no specific purpose, and instant messaging. The same Internet application (SNS and browsing with no specific purpose) chose by students with PIU and high level of depression implied that there may be close association on developing depression and PIU related to usage of SNS and browsing with no specific purpose.
How do Higher Education Students manage their Digital Footprints before Finding a Job?
Authors: FehÃ©r Katalin
Published: September 2019

We have identities and we can communicate online on the internet and in social networks. The question is how we can define and manage social roles/online representations on digital platforms and in social media? â€œDigital identityâ€ is in the focus in this exploratory phase of our research the aim of which has been to map how identity refers to a driver in a digital setting with digital footprints, visibility or nonvisibility, professionalism and privacy in online publicity. Our empirical research has been trying to explore this phenomenon of the digital media for online personal strategy with segmentation. The first exploratory phase focused on the studentsâ€™ segment prior to initial employment. We were wondering which points of decision were relevant in digital identity strategy for them and how they would replace their strategy consciously prior to employment. We had a qualitative research with semi-structured interviews. Our results show that digital identity phenomena define social roles/online strategies and representations on digital platforms and in social media. Members of the research segment have some strategies to manage their digital footprints. They would like to change their profile from â€œstudentâ€ to that of a â€œprofessionalâ€ assuming less activity in digital context.
A Linguistic Analysis of AEC News in an English Newspaper for Language Learning and Teaching
Authors: Kumsorn Praochompoo
Published: September 2019

An English newspaper, as an authentic English resource, provides a view of global knowledge and English usage in a physical world as it contains manifold issues and discourses valuable for English teaching and learning in a contemporary classroom. This study employed Systemic Functional Grammar of Hallidayâ€™s approach to analyze texts of news linguistically. The purposes of the study were 1) to explore prevalent topics of AEC news as a reflection of Thailand and communicative purposes for the upcoming ASEAN Economic Community in 2015, 2) to specifically analyze grammatical sentence structures used in an English newspaper aiming for English teaching and learning in Thai context. AEC newsâ€™ articles were chosen for this study as it has become a considerably important event which shares multilateral information to ASEAN country members. The Nation newspaper was chosen for data collection for the period from January to August, 2013. Results showed that economics, tourism, and transportation were the most important topics and were reflective of Thailandâ€™s movement towards AEC. The news was mostly organized the idea by particular to general technique and mainly conveyed to the readers with informing as a communicative purpose. The most prevalent sentence structures were complex sentence. Active voice was more prevalent than Passive voice. The conclusion of the study was drawn descriptively. This study implicated that an English newspaper was beneficial for English teaching and learning as it contained a variety of language usage that could be used as a teaching material to improve studentsâ€™ grammatical and writing skills.
Accurate computation of magnetic induction generated by HV overhead power lines
Authors: Rabah Djekidel , Ahmed Sid , Akef Samar
Published: September 2019

This paper proposes a 3D quasi-static numerical model for the magnetic
induction calculation produced by the high voltage overhead power lines by
using the Current Simulation Technique (CST) combined with the Particle
Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO), in order to determine the appropriate
position and number of the filamentary current loops for an accurate
computation. The exact form of the catenary of the power line conductors is
taken into account in this calculation. From the simulation results, the
effect of the conductor sag is largely noticed on the magnetic induction
distribution, especially at the mid-span length of the power line where the
magnetic induction becomes very significant, the maximum magnetic induction
strength at 1 m above the ground level recorded at mid-span point is 8.87
?T, at the pylon foot, the maximum value is significantly reduced to 3.94
?T. According to these values, we note that the limits set by the ICNIRP
guidelines for magnetic induction strength are respected for occupational
and public exposure. The simulation results of magnetic induction are
compared with those obtained from the 3-D Integration method, a fairly good
agreement is found.
Spectroscopic (FTIR, UV-Vis and NMR), theoretical investigation and molecular docking of substituted 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridine derivatives
Authors: Yadav Krishna , Kumar Abhishek , Begam Sanchari , Nurjamal Khondekar , Kumar Amarendra , Brahmachari Goutam , Misra Neeraj
Published: September 2019

Recently, substituted 1,8-dioxodecahydroacridine derivatives have been investigated and found to possess a wide variety of biological and pharmacological activities. Two of these biologically relevant N-heterocyclic scaffolds, 2-(9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8- -octahydroacridin-10(9H)-yl)succinic acid (MTDOSA) and 2-(3,3,6,6-tetramethyl- 9-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroacridin-10(9H)-yl)- succinic acid (NTDOSA), have been studied in ground and first excited state using DFT method employing B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Quantum chemical calculations of geometrical structure and vibrational wavenumbers of MTDOSA and NTDOSA were carried out using DFT method. The experimental FT-IR spectra of the compounds were recorded in the range 4000?400 cm-1 and comprehensively interpreted on the basis of potential energy distribution. The global reactivity descriptors are calculated and discussed. Moreover, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data have been calculated using the gauge independent atomic orbital method and compared with experimental spectra. The docking studies reveal that the compounds MTDOSA and NTDOSA have strong binding affinity toward the target protein 5KLH. Thus, the compounds have a possible use as an antileishmanial drug.
Evaluation of Nurses’ Performance Regarding Personal Protective Equipment at Rania Teaching Hospital
Authors: Omar Sharif Bayan , M. Khdir Frishta , M. Khdir Padasht , A. Rasul Sarezh
Published: September 2019

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to protective clothing that acts as a barrier between infectious materials such as viral, bacterial contaminants and the skin, mouth, nose, eyes and mucous membranes. It includes gloves, mask, eye goggles and gown. It is a shortage of study of university students. The aim of the current study was performing to provide demographic data and to evaluate nurse’s performance regarding PPE at Rania teaching Hospital in Kurdistan region of Iraq, during the period of 10th October up to 7th of March. A non- probability purposive sample of (72 nurses), data collection of the study instrument was constructed of total (42) items. A professional team that contains of (11) experts were performed validity of the instrument. Reliability of the instrument was determined through the use of Equivalence (inter-rator or inter-observer), the data were collected through the use of evaluation technique then organized and coded into computer files. Statistical approaches were uses for data analyzed, also data analysis by (SPSS version 25). The result has revealed that highest age of the sample was between 30-39  years and most of them were institute nurses and more than half of nurses had less than 10 years of employment but most of them not trained yet. The majority of nurses were performed many nursing procedures such as wound dressing, suturing, suctioning, naso-gastric tube and  Foley catheter insertion without using PPE properly and without washing hands before procedures. Also, there was no significant relationship between personal protective equipment and some socio- demographic data. The researchers recommended training course regarding personal protective equipment by the ministry of health/infection control department and participants of symposia.
EKSISTENSI BIMA DALAM PELAYARAN DAN PERDAGANGAN ANTAR PULAU
Authors: Sumiyati Sumiyati
Published: September 2019

Bima is a region in eastern Sumbawa Island. It has been a port town docked by many merchant ship from many region for centuries. It cannot be denied that trading activity in Bima Port is dominated by merchants from Bugis-Makassar and Malay who played up their trade widely into another island such as Flores and other eastern region, because Islamization and its closely relationship between South Sulawesi and Malay merchants. Since 16th century, Bima considered as one of the most important trade town, with the result that VOC endeavour to make a monopoly trade with ruler of Bima. The number of sailors and merchants from any direction makes Bima more crowdly. The great commodity of Bima is Kayu Sapan.
Os cenários futuros como consenso social: do contrato social ao universo educacional
Authors: Chrispino Alvaro
Published: September 2019

Apresenta a importância do estudo de futuros, por meio da técnica de cenários futuros, utilizando-se da analogia com o contrato social. Apresenta o consenso existente no contrato social – já conhecido do meio acadêmico – e identifica também um consenso na construção de cenários futuros – pouco divulgado no meio acadêmico. Não pretende esgotar as idéias e fundamentos em torno deste tema, mas propõe apresentar os principais pressupostos para trazer oportunidade de reflexão em torno desta ferramenta que pode auxiliar no desenho do futuro desejado e, conseqüentemente, no processo de elaboração de políticas, de decisão, no planejamento e na gestão. Apresenta alguns exemplos de aplicação à educação e ao ensino de modo geral.

Palavras-chave: cenários futuros; antecipação; política e planejamento; política educacional.

Abstract

The article presents the importance of future studies, through the technique of future sceneries, using the analogy with the social contract. It presents the existent consensus in the social contract – already known in the academic community – and it also identifies a consensus in the construction of future sceneries – little divulged in the academic community. It does not intend to drain the ideas and foundations around this theme, but it intends to present the main presuppositions to offer the opportunity for reflection around this tool that can help shape the future and, consequently, in the process of elaboration of politics, decision, planning and administration. It presents some examples, which apply to education and teaching in general.

Keywords: future sceneries; anticipation; politics and planning; educational politics.
A União e a aplicação dos recursos vinculados à manutenção e ao desenvolvimento do ensino
Authors: Sena Paulo
Published: September 2019

A Constituição brasileira determina que a União aplique, anualmente, nunca menos de 18% da receita de impostos na manutenção e desenvolvimento do ensino. Trata-se da chamada vinculação de recursos. O artigo resgata a história da construção desta diretriz, que remonta à década de 20 do século 20 e foi consolidada – não sem enfrentar resistências – na Constituição de 1988. Demonstra-se que, segundo os dados oficiais, a União tem se mantido com folga acima do patamar indicado. Identifica ainda uma pressão do Poder Executivo, em todos os níveis federativos, pela desvinculação de recursos – o que já ocorre na esfera da União, com a decorrente redução da base de cálculo e portanto dos recursos da educação.

Palavras-chave: financiamento da educação; manutenção do ensino, desenvolvimento do ensino; fundos educacionais; aplicação de recursos.

Abstract

The Brazilian constitution obliges the federal government to invest at least 18% of its tax revenue in maintenance and development of education. This text discusses the history concerning this guideline, that was first proposed in the twenties of the last century and was adopted several times including by the constitution of 1988, despite the resistance of the economic technocracy. According to the official data, the federal government can easily allocate the resources as demanded .The state and city governments put pressure to exclude part of the resources from the earmarking - as it already happens concerning the federal government. The result of such policy would be the diminishing of education resources.

Keywords: earmarked resources; financing; maintenance and development of education (MDE); fund.
Detection of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Buffaloes Naturally Infected with Sarcocystosis with Risk Factor Assessment
Authors: El Shanawany Eman E. , Nassar Somia A. , Beshir Ata Emad
Published: September 2019

Sarcocystosis is a silent, parasitic disease which affects various animal species and causes significant economic losses. It is caused by a number of different intracellular Sarcocystis spp. This study was aimed to detect the host humoral and cellular immune response due to natural infection. Adding to the determination of the infection rate in Monufia Governorate, Egypt. A total number of 127 Egyptian buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis); 30 males and 97 females between 2-11 years of age were examined during 2018. An infection rate of 74% (94/127) was detected by macroscopic examination. The old age females were found to be at a high risk of 90.7% (88/97) in comparison with the young males 20% (6/30). Immunologically, the cellular and humoral immune response was determined using ELISA. A marked down-regulation of the proinflammatory Th-1 cytokine (IFN-γ) and up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory Th-2 cytokine (IL-5) adding to a high level of IgG and IgE were detected in the infected animals compared to the non infected ones. The local cellular immune response in the infected tissues was characterized by an accumulation of mixed inflammatory cells, granuloma formation, eosinophilic infiltration, muscular edema, and necrotic degeneration. In conclusion, the Sarcocystis infection rate in the naturally infected buffaloes in Monufia Governorate was high. This is the first study to provide a fundamental insight into the immune profile in buffaloes infected with Sarcocystis spp. So, it will provide valuable insights to develop novel effective vaccines in future studies. Moreover, sensitive and specific tools should be established for the accurate diagnosis of this disease in the different Egyptian governorates through well-structured serological surveys.
Manipulating Titles in Translation
Authors: Darwish Ibrahim , Sayaheen Bilal
Published: September 2019

This study investigates the ways in which book titles are manipulated when translated from English into Arabic. One hundred English book titles from various genres whose Arabic translations are manipulated are meticulously studied and analysed against Viezzi’s (2013) model of manipulating translated book titles. The findings show that although Viezzi’s model fits literary works and movies better, it can be useful in analysing the translated titles of different books coming from various genres. Statistically, the findings reveal the following descending order of the most manipulated aspects of English-Arabic translated titles: being more/less explicit (35%), offering different keys to the interpretation of the text (20%), adding/removing genre information (15%), presenting different viewpoints (10%), seducing the target readers (8%), highlighting different characters’ aspects (5%), adding/removing names of characters (3%), adding/removing allusions to other works (3%) and suggesting/removing moral lessons (1%). It is argued that no matter what aspects of translated titles are manipulated, the whole process is done to attract the potential readers in the target market and this involves multiple players, such as translators, editors and publishers.
Strengthening the Students Nationalism in Border Areas
Authors: Zakso Amrazi , Agung Iskandar , Widiputera Ferdi
Published: September 2019

This study aims to determine the condition of student nationalism in the border area, as well as the role of a number of parties that influence its formation. The results are suggested to draw conclusions on how to increase student nationalism. We find that the nationalism conditions of students in the border area resulted in a moderate performance, and susceptible to be influenced by various stimuli, both from within the country and neighboring countries. The evidence presented in this analysis points to the fact that these stimuli often weaken nationalist awareness and attitude, both related to ideology, constitution, unity, diversity and sovereignty of the nation and state. The results suggest that further action required to increase student nationalism in a short, medium- and long-term efforts as to prevent external influences, especially crimes in the border areas. The role of several parties need to be improved, namely families, schools and youth organizations in the vicinity as well as government support in the form of funding, activity facilities, instructors, training, and others. Especially the role of schools, it is necessary to involve active students in the implementation of strengthening nationalism through a problem-solving approach.
Systematics and faunistics of Neotropical Euliina, 2: Direconta gen. n.
Authors: Razowski Józef , Becker Vitor O.
Published: September 2019

The new euliine genus Direconta and its five new Brazilian species (D. gnesia sp. n., D. recondita sp. n., D. barrasiana sp. n., D. curitibana sp. n., and D. lentigana sp. n.) are described and illustrated.
Muscle Fibre Types and Their Relation to Meat Quality Traits in Pigs
Authors: Lebedová N. , Stupka R. , Čítek J. , Zadinová K. , Kudrnáčová E. , Okrouhlá M. , Dundáčková P.
Published: September 2019

The authors have been studying various characteristics of muscle fibres and their relationship to the meat quality parameters for many years. However, the conclusions drawn by researchers often differ. A higher proportion of glycolytic IIB fibres in pig muscles is usually related to paler meat with lower water holding capacity. On the other hand the relationship between muscle fibres and meat texture parameters is not clear. Studies using immunohistochemistry methods that allow a more detailed classification of individual muscle fibre types could bring new findings in this area. It would thus be possible to influence muscle fibre type composition in the muscle to achieve the desired meat quality using various extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The main aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on the description of muscle fibres typology and the effect of their morphological traits on pork meat quality.
Sharing College Knowledge
Authors: Johnson Jennifer Adrienne , Duncan Mary Katherine
Published: September 2019

While undergraduate enrollment is increasing among historically underrepresented students, completion rates remain lower than their peers. A lack of college knowledge may be partly responsible. We used Gardner, Csikszentmihalyi, and Damon’s (2001) Good Work model to develop 2 programs to introduce historically underrepresented students to the expectations of college, that is, to improve their college knowledge. Assessment data (n = 44 in Program 1; n = 50 in Program 2) showed that while the programs were only somewhat effective at improving students’ understanding of what it means to do academic good work, students valued participating in the program.

Authors’ Note

We would like to thank Ms. Elizabeth G. Lucas and Dr. Joan F. Miller, Professor Emeritus, Department of Nursing, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania for their support of our university’s Good Work Initiative. We also thank the General Psychology Teaching Assistants, as well as the faculty and staff of Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania who volunteered to help implement the Good Work reflective sessions. In addition, we extend our gratitude to Dr. Irvin Wright and Dr. Kristin Austin of the ACT101/Educational Opportunity Program for their support. Finally, we are indebted to Dr. Howard Gardner and his colleagues at Project Zero, including Wendy Fischman, Lynn Barendsen, Margot Locker, Paromita De, and Daniel Mucinskas for their thoughtful consultation and encouragement.
Üç hücreli motif genelleme ile oluşturulan küçük ölçekli biyolojik sinir ağlarının bellek davranışı
Authors: TURAN Ahmet , KAYIKÇIOĞLU Temel
Published: September 2019

Biyolojik bellek yapısını ve fonksiyonlarını anlamak için teorik ve deneysel pek çok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda biyolojik ağların, özel hücreler arası bağlantılardan (motifler) oluştuğu görülmüştür. Deneysel çalışmalar ışığında oluşturulan modeller üzerinde, biyolojik ağlardan oluşan bellek yapıları ve bu yapıların temel yapı taşı olan motifler incelenmektedir.  Çalışmamızda sinir hücresi, sadece soma bölümünden oluşan ve tek bölmeli hücre şeklinde modellendi.  Hücreler arası iletişim kimyasal sinaps şeklinde tercih edildi ve modelde hücreler arası iletişim incelendi.  Hücre rolleri giriş, ara ve çıkış olarak düşünülen üç hücreli motiflerde, uzun -ve kısa dönem bellek davranışı çalışıldı.  Üç hücreli motiflerin giriş, ara ve çıkış hücrelerinin çoklanması yöntemiyle oluşturulan (motif genelleme) küçük ölçekli biyolojik ağların, uzun -ve kısa dönem bellek davranışları tespit edildi.  Motiflerde ve motiflerden oluşan ağlarda yaptığımız çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgular karşılaştırıldı.  Biyolojik ağın, kendisini oluşturan motiflerle aynı bellek davranışını sergilediği gösterildi.  Böylece biyolojik ağların bellek davranışlarını anlayabilmek için öncelikle ağda bulunan motifler üzerinde daha detaylı çalışılması gerektiği ortaya konuldu.