bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
E-cigarettes: the new face of smoking cessation
Authors: Cope Graham
Published: November 2014

E-cigarettes are increasingly popular, but are they as safe as many would like to believe? Graham Cope looks at the implications for patients with cardiovascular disease
The 100-day countdown
Authors: Prescott Tiffany
Published: November 2014

Start the new year and a new school term with the number 100. Tiffany Prescott is currently studying a BSc as a primary science curriculum specialist in Ingleby Barwick, Stockton-on-Tees.
The story of Mary and the angel
Authors: Fox Jennifer
Published: November 2014

Jennifer Fox, a special needs teacher and a Christian lay preacher, from Macclesfield, Cheshire, offers ideas on how to present the story of Gabriel coming to the Virgin Mary.
Assessment – what we know so far
Authors: Erskine Camilla , Walton Sue
Published: November 2014

Deciphering the new assessment and accountability requirements for primary schools is no small challenge. Camilla Erskine and Sue Walton discuss what is proposed and what it means for schools
Helping pupils to handle anxiety and stress
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: November 2014

The pressure that our primary school children can face as they grow-up is increasingly being recognised as something that schools must play a part in tackling. Sal McKeown reports from two schools in Coventry which are using different approaches
A two-stage Pupil Premium strategy
Authors: Richardson Karen
Published: November 2014

An effective, two-stage Pupil Premium strategy at Stanley Grove Academy has seen the pupils given the confidence to take control of their own learning. Teacher Karen Richardson explains more
Strategies to support vulnerable children
Authors: Bannister Nick
Published: November 2014

Faced with a large proportion of both Pupil Premium children and pupils who have SEN and disabilities, Harbour Primary and Nursery School has used a range of strategies – not least parental engagement – to meet these children's needs. Nick Bannister explains
The impact of coastal orography on profile wind
Authors: Moujane Abderrahim , Bentamy Abderrahim , Chagdali Mohammed , Mordane Soumia
Published: November 2014

The quality of the speed and direction of the surface wind issued from the regional model for weather forecasting "Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement International (ALADIN)", currently operational in the National Meteorological Direction (DMN), is studied in comparison with the 10 m observed speed and direction from meteorological stations and with new scatterometer wind products (QuikSCAT and Blended QuikSCAT). The series of average wind speed shows that ALADIN model could correctly reproduce the wind speed in the accented winds zones as well as in areas of reduced winds either on the coast or offshore (Moujane, et al, 2011). Some differences still existing between simulations and satellite measurements can be attributed to the nature of the QuikSCAT data used in this study. In fact, this data are daily, while the results of the ALADIN model are a grid values for each three hours reduced to a daily average. The simulated winds comply well reasonably with winds of QuikSCAT and QuikSCAT BLENDED throughout the study area, although significant differences are noted in the in situ and satellite observations. ALADIN model resolution is 0.17° whereas QUIKSCAT is only 0.5° and the spatial resolution of QUIKSCAT BLENDED is 0.25°, adding to these remarks the limitations of satellite measurement near the coast obtained with a precision of 2 ms-1. QuikSCAT face Aladin and QuikSCAT BLENDED confirm a high correlation reaching 0.9 throughout the area of study for the zonal and meridional wind component. Also, a high variability was observed with QuikSCAT compared to ALADIN and Blended during all seasons, it is of the order of 2 ms-1 to 2.5 ms-1 with a low difference of meridional wind which is about 0.5 ms-1 on the area of study found mainly near the coast in the north of the area. A marked relief effect was noticed in the figures of variability, which shows well the variability induced on the wind by the Caps, the bay and the islands. Keywords: Aladin, Blended, In-Situ, Orography, Quikscat, Wind.
Vorticity analysis within multiple deformable inclusions under pure shear
Authors: Dasgupta Ritabrata
Published: November 2014

This work is aiming at analyzing the vorticity vector in 2D of deformable inclusions with the help of analytical techniques. The considerations made are first, inclusions are initially spherical, deformable; second, strain distribution within the inclusions are not homogeneous . The ratio of inclusion diameter (“a”) to mean inter-inclusion distance (“b”) that is (a/b) is less than about 0.6 .Considering ‘strain rate’ as natural strain the rate is infinitesimally small . Vorticity of particles inside the inclusions is also estimated while accounting different competency contrast conditions between matrix and inclusions. It is seen that competency contrast is inversely proportional to the vorticity value. Also after a threshold value the vorticity spin becomes opposite in directional sense. Probable reasons for this hiatus are discussed. Keywords: Deformable Ductile Inclusions, Pure Shear, Vorticity, Viscosity / Competency Contrast.
The validation of the Indonesian version of psychotic symptoms ratings scale (PSYRATS), the Indonesian version of cognitive bias questionnaire for psychosis (CBQP) and metacognitive ability questionnaire (MAQ)
Authors: Erawati Erna , Keliat Budi , Daulima Novy
Published: November 2014

Aim: The present study was to validate the Indonesian version of Psychotic Symptoms Ratings Scales (PSYRATS), the Cognitive Bias Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp) and the Metacognitive Ability Questionnaire (MAQ) as a new scale to measure the ability of metacognition of schizophrenia. Background: The PSYRATS, CBQp, and MAQ have demonstrated their usefulness for the assessment of hallucinations and delusions, cognitive biases and metacognitive ability in schizophrenia. So far no validation of the Indonesian version has been carried out. Methods: The PSYRATS, CBQp and MAQ were administered to 155 subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Factor structure, reliability, test-retest stability, and convergent validity were analyzed. Findings: We found that the all psychometric were reliable and valid. Indonesian version of the PSYRATS and CBQp Indonesian version have high reliability. The reliability of new psychometric of MAQ was Cronbach’s alpha=.759 and was checked in a subsample (n=32; r=.668; p<.01). Conclusions: Similar to the original PSYRATS and CBQp, the Indonesian version of PSYRATS and CBQp have good psychometric properties. The new psychometric of MAQ is a valid instrument for assessing metacognition. Implications for future research are discussed. Keywords: Schizophrenia; Hallucination Severity; Delusion Severity; Bias Cognitive for Psychosis; Metacognition: Instrumental Study.
Studies on the antimicrobial potency of the marine algae - Caulerpa scalpelliformis and Spyridia species
Authors: Singh Mrinalini
Published: November 2014

Objective: To study the antimicrobial potency of the marine algae – Caulerpa scalpelliformis and Spyridia sp. Methods: Caulerpa scalpelliformis and Spyridia sp. were screened for the presence of bioactive components by extracting them with suitable solvents and studying their antimicrobial activities against varied human pathogens. An attempt has also been made to separate the unknown compounds using Thin Layer Chromatography and purify the extracts using column chromatography since not much work has been carried out in these species. Results: In Spyridia, only the methanolic extract could produce zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. whereas in Caulerpa scalpelliformis, only the petroleum ether, chloroform and methanolic extracts showed antimicrobial properties. Better resolution was found in the mobile phase containing chloroform: methanol 80: 20 ratio for Caulerpa. Hence, its methanolic extract was fractioned in silica gel column and these fractions were effective against some of the test organ-isms but not against all. Conclusion: Further investigation is required to study the nature of compounds with antimicrobial properties with reference to Caulerpa scalpelliformis; whereas with Spyridia sp. the study can be extracted to collect the samples during different seasons of a year and confirm its antimicrobial potency. Keywords: Caulerpa Scalpelliformis, Spyridia SP, Antimicrobial Activities, Thin Layer Chromatography, Column Chromatography.
Nervous form of ketosis in cows and its treatment
Authors: Sudhakara Reddy B , Reddy B. Soma Sekhar , Reddy Y. V. Pridhvidhar , Vennkatasivakumar R.
Published: November 2014

Ketosis is defined as an abnormal rise of the ketone or acetone bodies in the body. The ketone bodies are organic chemical compounds and include acetone, acetoacetic acid, and beta hydroxy butyric acid. Present study reports the primary nervous ketosis in three cows at their peak milk yield. Cows exhibited the bellowing, head pressing and reluctance to take concentrates. Low serum glucose, high levels of blood urea nitrogen with ketonuria was observed. Cows showed fruitful recovery after treatment with 25% glucose solution, dexamethasone and glycerin along with supportive therapy. Keywords: Cows, Dextrose, Ketosis, Nervous Signs.
Haemoglobinuria due to hypophosphataemia in last trimester pregnant buffalo
Authors: Reddy B. Soma Sekhar , Reddy B. Sudhakara , Venkatasivakumar R. , Sivajothi S.
Published: November 2014

A buffalo in her last trimester pregnancy was referred to clinic with signs of anorexia, voiding dark red coloured urine, dullness, mild diarrhoea and depression. It was diagnosed as an acute case of parturient haemoglobinuria by assessing the serum biochemical parameters. It had low levels of serum protein, albumin and phosphorous. Haemogram revealed decreased erythrocyte count, haemoglobin and haematocrit. The buffalo had been treated with phosphorous supplements and other supportive therapy. Keywords: Buffalo, Last Trimester Pregnancy, Haemoglobinuria, Hypophosphataemia.
Continuous participation in a day-care prevention service improves the mobility of the community-dwelling elderly
Authors: Yamada Takayoshi , Demura Shinichi
Published: November 2014

This study aimed to examine the effect of continuous participation in a day-care fall prevention service on the mobility of the community-dwelling elderly. Peak and mean transfer velocities of the center of gravity (PV and MV, respectively) as well as 10-m maximum walking speed (MWS) were calculated for 57 elderly who participated continuously in a day-care fall prevention service, held 24 times every year for 3 years, between 2010 and 2012 [continuous group (CON), age: 76.0 ± 6.1 years], and 157 elderly who participated in it for only the first year within the same period [dropout group (DO), age: 76.6 ± 6.1 years]. No significant difference was found between PV, MV, and MWS in the first year for the CON and DO (t > 1.27, p < 0.05). The, PV and MV of the CON increased significantly within a year (F = 28.1 and 30.5, p < 0.05 in both). Moreover, PV, MV, and MWS of the CON in the third year were significantly higher than those in the DO (t > 2.55, p < 0.05). Our results suggest that continuous participation in a day-care fall prevention service contributes to an improvement in the mobility of community-dwelling elderly individuals. Keywords: Continuity, Nursing Care Prevention Service, Mobility.
Comparison of screening tests with urine culture in urinary tract infection
Authors: K.L Shobha , Rao Amita , K Shilpa , L Ramachandra
Published: November 2014

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an important health care problem affecting millions every year. Evaluation of suspected UTI includes history, physical examination and laboratory investigations. Urine analysis for presence of pus cells, bacteria and culture are important in the adequate management of UTIs. Aim of the study was to analyze the screening tests with culture method in the diagnosis of UTI. Materials and methods: 100 turbid midstream urine specimens collected in a sterile wide mouthed container were included in the study. Mid-stream urine specimens collected from both inpatients and outpatients attending a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Urine specimen was subjected to Gram’s staining and catalase tests and inoculated into culture medium. Semi-quantitative culture technique was followed. Organisms were identified for significant bacteriuria. Results: Samples collected from 40 years of age and  from patients more than 40 years of age were 64% and 51% were male patients. Gram’s stain showed 59% of samples with organisms. Pus cells were seen in 54% of the smears and all the samples had significant growth in the medium Catalase positive was 53%, all the 53 strains had growth on culture plate. E. coli was the commonest organism isolated on the culture plate. Thus screening tests like Gram’s stain, pus cells detection and catalase test can be used as a rapid method to detect urinary tract infection and to start the antibiotic therapy though culture remains the gold standard method for detection of urinary tract infection. Keywords: Gram’s Staining, Pus Cells, Catalase Test, Culture Medium, Significant Bacteriuria.
Convective heat and solute transfer in Newtonian fluid saturated inclined porous cavity
Authors: Abdelkrim Latreche , Mahfoud Djezzar
Published: November 2014

This paper summarizes a numerical study of double-diffusive natural convection in square inclined cavity filled with fluid saturated porous media. Transverse gradients of heat and solute are applied on the two horizontal walls of the cavity, while the other two walls are impermeable and adiabatic. The Darcy model with the Boussinesq approximation is used to solve the governing equations. The flow is driven by a combined buoyancy effect due to both temperature and concentration variations. A finite volume approach has been used to solve the non-dimensional governing equations. The results are presented in streamline, isothermal, iso-concentration, Nusselt and Sherwood contours for different values of the non-dimensional governing parameters. Keywords: Boussinesq Approximation, Darcy Model, Finite Volumes, Inclined Cavity, Natural Convection, Porous Media.
Dry gangrene of lower limbs in a child: an adverse drug reaction to chloramphenicol
Authors: Samra Tanvir , Chaudhary Lalita , Kaur Ranvinder
Published: November 2014

Drug induced vasculitis is a potentially life and limb threatening complication which can be precipitated by intake of virtually any pharmaceutical agent. It is a diagnosis of exclusion as definitive diagnostic and laboratory criteria have not been defined. Withdrawal of the offending agent is the definitive therapy but use of antithrombotic, vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory agents has been proven to be beneficial. We report a case of dry gangrene of bilateral lower limbs and digits of the upper limb due to DIV secondary to the intake of chloramphenicol in a child diagnosed with typhoid fever. Keywords: Adverse Drug Reaction; Dry Gangrene; Chloramphenicol; Typhoid Fever; Drug Induced Vasculitis.
Isolation of Streptococcus species from throat swabs of school going children
Authors: K.L Shobha , Mrs Kusumakshi , K.M Anand , S Gowrish , D'Souza Jessica , L Ramachandra
Published: November 2014

Introduction : Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes), is a Gram positive coccus appearing in chains and causes an incredible history of changing disease pattern. It has numerous virulence factors that helps in the adherence of the tissues, destruction of tissues and resulting in causing autoimmune complications. An attempt was made to screen for Streptococcus pyogenes throat carriers among school going children of Udupi district, Karnataka State, India. Materials and Methods: Throat swabs were collected from posterior pharynx. Swabs were immediately plated onto a sheep blood agar (Hi-Media,Mumbai,India) and transported to the laboratory within one hour of collection. The inoculated plates were incubated at 370C for 24- 48 hours in carbondioxide incubator. Organism grown on colonies were identified up to species level. Result: A total of 235 children were screened for Streptococcus pyogenes. They were in the age group of 6- 11 years. None of the children had Streptococcus pyogenes. Conclusion: Streptococcus pyogenes was not found from the throat samples in school going children More studies are required to establish an accurate value of prevalence with a larger sample size. Key words: Gram positive cocci in chains, Streptococcus pyogenes, school going children, throat swab
Reliability evaluation of a payment model in mobile e-commerce using colored Petri net
Authors: Pourali Abdolghader , Malakooti Mohammad V , Yektaie Muhammad Hussein
Published: November 2014

In general, a mobile payment system in mobile e-commerce must have high security so that the user can trust it for doing business deals, sales, paying financial transactions, etc. in the mobile payment system. Since an architecture or payment model in e-commerce only shows the way of interaction and collaboration among users and mortgagers and does not present any evaluation of effectiveness and confidence about financial transactions to stakeholders, in this paper we try to present a detailed assessment of the reliability of a mobile payment model in the mobile e-commerce using formal models and colored Petri nets. Finally, we demonstrate that the reliability of this system has high value (case study: a secure payment model in mobile commerce presented at the International Conference) [18]. Keywords: Reliability, Colored Petri Net, Assessment, Payment Models, M-Commerce.
Ganze Sätze. Davidson über Prädikation
Authors: Hrachovec Herbert
Published: November 2014

Die Worte eines Satzes bilden eine komplexe Einheit. Donald Davidson greift die seit Plato und Aristoteles diskutierte Frage auf, wie diese Einheit zu verstehen sei. Er gibt Hinweise auf die Problemgeschichte und vertritt die Auffassung, die Schwierigkeit sei durch die Jahrhunderte ungelöst geblieben. Erst in einem Konstrukt Alfred Tarskis findet er eine befriedigende Antwort. Ich beginne mit allgemeinen Überlegungen zum Stichwort „komplexe Einheit“. Wie können Untersuchungen dieses Themas aussehen? Es folgt Davidsons Problemaufriss und sein Vorschlag zur Erledigung der Streitfrage. Zuletzt beziehe ich diese Antwort auf ein extra-platonisches Verständnis der Einheit von Sätzen in Anknüpfung an den späten Wittgenstein. Ernst Tugendhat hat Davidsons Anliegen in diesem Sinn diskutiert und geklärt. Aus dieser Perspektive ergibt sich auch ein zweiter Blick auf den Umgang mit zusammen- gesetzten Einheiten generell.
Morschers Anselm – Eine Rekonstruktion in Behandlung
Authors: Paasch Sebastian
Published: November 2014

Morscher (2004) behauptet, einen Nachweis für die Fehlerhaftigkeit des Anselmschen Gottesbeweises zu liefern. Ich untersuche drei der zentralen Thesen seiner Arbeit. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Analyse von Kennzeichnungen und Lambdaprädikaten erweisen sich die Thesen als fragwürdig, wenn nicht gar als unhaltbar.
Ethik auf der Grundlage von Gefühl oder Vernunft? Zur Rolle moralischer Gefühle bei Hume und Kant
Authors: Fenner Dagmar
Published: November 2014

This article pursues the question of the significance of moral emotions by exhibiting the similarities and differences of ethical approaches as diverse as Kant’s and Hume’s. What will be shown through this contrast are aspects often overlooked in these approaches. So, one must agree that on the one hand Kant’s idea of the force of moral law as being (necessarily) intertwined with the feeling of respect for others suffers from a lacking support by experience, whereas his ideas about the formation and cultivation of a ” moral sense“ undoubtedly have such a support. Hume’s theory on the other hand appeals to emotions in order to make explainable our having moral evaluations but falls short when it comes to account for the content of emotions said to be responsible for evaluative judgments. Both accounts therefore can be said to suffer from an unsatisfying explanation of the motivational aspect of moral norms that is due to an unsatisfying conceptualization of the difference between reason and emotions.
One Goal for All the Sciences?
Authors: Tietz Sarah
Published: November 2014

In numerous writings Philip Kitcher argues against the thesis that understanding nature or searching for truth in general are goals that are shared by all the sciences. Neither do the sciences aim for common distinctive truths, such as natural laws. Thus, the question is: can the sciences be characterized as sciences by one of their goals? According to Kitcher this seems possible. The sciences, so he claims, aim for unification. In this paper I shall argue that unification should not be understood as an aim but rather as a method the sciences use depending on the specific problems they pursue. Therefore, it seems, there is not one goal for all the sciences.
“... goaded perhaps by Parmenides” – Preliminaries to a Platonic Problem
Authors: Hrachovec Herbert
Published: November 2014

Donald Davidson, in his Truth and Predication, suggests that Plato’s concern with “gluing together” subject and predicate in assertive sentences might be traced back to Parmenides. Taking his lead this paper discusses the connection, proceeding in three steps. A short overview of the literature on Parmenides’ fragment B2 will be given and a Davidsonian move to reduce the complexity of the hermeneutical situation will be proposed. Secondly, given this reduction, a Parmenideian tableaux will be put forward and compared to our present understanding of elementary propositional and predicate logic. This will provide the basis for the concluding discussion of Plato’s characteristic transformation of Parmenides’ dictum into the bundle of arguments that give rise to the problem of the unity of propositions.
Calculating the number of solutions of a difference equation
Authors: Loshkarev Sergey D.
Published: November 2014

The hash algorithms of the MDx family involve cyclic shifts, computation of primitive Boolean functions, and addition of constants. So far, very few works have been published in which the authors attempt to explain the impact that the choice of constants, shifts, and Boolean functions has on the cryptographic properties of the algorithms. G. A. Karpunin and H. T. Nguyen suggested a model in which the resistance against differential cryptanalysis may be quantitatively estimated in terms of the number of solutions of a special equation. In this work, in the framework of the aforementioned model, an equation for the MD5 hash function is derived. Examination of one Boolean function and one value of the cyclic shift through exhaustive search requires 2
Professional Societies, Political Action Committees, and Party Preferences
Authors: Bernstein Steven L. , Barsky Carol L. , Powell Eleanor
Published: November 2014

Societies representing physician specialties and other health care personnel commonly have political action committees (PACs). These PACs seek to advance their members’ interests through advocacy and campaign contributions. We examined contribution data for health care workers’ PACs from the 2010 to 2012 election cycles and found that higher annual income was strongly associated with greater giving to Republican candidates. Patterns of giving may offer insights into various medical workers’ party preferences, political leanings, and views of health care reform.
Physical and chemical properties of lamb renal capsule irradiated by ArF laser
Authors: Mokhtari S. , Parvin P. , Reyhani A. , Mortazavi S. Z. , Baghapour Sh. , Amjadi A.
Published: November 2014

Excimer laser at 193 nm was irradiated on the renal tissues during various exposure times in order to investigate the chemical and physical surface properties using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photo electron spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and tensile test accordingly. We have shown that ultraviolet laser strongly alters the oxygen content of skin layer that causes changes in the tissue morphology leading to significant skin hydrophilicity.
Low-load diamond drill bits for subglacial bedrock sampling
Authors: Cao Pinlu , Yang Cheng , Zheng Zhichuan , Wang Rusheng , Zhang Nan , Liu Chunpeng , Hu Zhengyi , Talalay Pavel
Published: November 2014

Electromechanical cable-suspended drilling technology is considered one of the most feasible methods for subglacial bedrock drilling. The outstanding feature of this technology is that the bit load produced by the drill weight is usually within the range 1.5–4 kN while the recommended load for diamond drilling is 10–30 kN or even more. Therefore, searching for the diamond bits that can drill in extremely hard formations with minimal load and acceptable rates of penetration and torque is the necessary step to prove the feasibility of electromechanical subglacial drilling technology. A special test stand has been designed and constructed to examine the impregnated, surface-set, toothed and specially manufactured bionic drill bits. The results of experiments with ten types of drill bits show that the toothed diamond drill bit has the highest penetration rate of 3.18 m h−1 in very hard and abrasive granite under a 3 kN load. The torque (28.7 Nm) and power consumption (1.5 kW) of toothed drill bits are acceptable for cable-suspended drilling. The penetration rates of bionic drill bits may also be considered suitable and fall within the range 1.0–1.69 m h−1 under the lowest tested load.
Governance in the Arts and Culture Nonprofit Sector: Vigilance or Indifference?
Authors: Turbide Johanne , Laurin Claude
Published: November 2014

In this article we attempt to contribute to governance research in the nonprofit area by proposing a conceptual framework inspired by recent developments in the literature. First, we analyze the governance of nonprofit organizations (hereafter, NPOs) from different theoretical perspectives, inspired by for-profit, nonprofit and public sector theories on governance. After presenting a governance framework for NPOs, we explore empirically whether its various dimensions are being taken into account by NPOs in the arts and culture sector. Our findings suggest that, among NPOs in this sector, governance is still viewed as a narrow concept where board members are mainly passive, basically rubber-stamping decisions for the benefit of external funders.
Executed Movement Using EEG Signals through a Naive Bayes Classifier
Authors: Machado Juliano , Balbinot Alexandre
Published: November 2014

Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology. An independent BCI is a communication system for controlling a device by human intension, e.g., a computer, a wheelchair or a neuroprosthes is, not depending on the brain’s normal output pathways of peripheral nerves and muscles, but on detectable signals that represent responsive or intentional brain activities. This paper presents a comparative study of the usage of the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and the naive Bayes (NB) classifiers on describing both right- and left-hand movement through electroencephalographic signal (EEG) acquisition. For the analysis, we considered the following input features: the energy of the segments of a band pass-filtered signal with the frequency band in sensorimotor rhythms and the components of the spectral energy obtained through the Welch method. We also used the common spatial pattern (CSP) filter, so as to increase the discriminatory activity among movement classes. By using the database generated by this experiment, we obtained hit rates up to 70%. The results are compatible with previous studies.
Expression Comparison of Oil Biosynthesis Genes in Oil Palm Mesocarp Tissue Using Custom Array
Authors: Wong Yick , Kwong Qi , Lee Heng , Ong Chuang , Mayes Sean , Chew Fook , Appleton David , Kulaveerasingam Harikrishna
Published: November 2014

Gene expression changes that occur during mesocarp development are a major research focus in oil palm research due to the economic importance of this tissue and the relatively rapid increase in lipid content to very high levels at fruit ripeness. Here, we report the development of a transcriptome-based 105,000-probe oil palm mesocarp microarray. The expression of genes involved in fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly, along with the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and glycolysis pathway at 16 Weeks After Anthesis (WAA) exhibited significantly higher signals compared to those obtained from a cross-species hybridization to the Arabidopsis (p-value < 0.01), and rice (p-value < 0.01) arrays. The oil palm microarray data also showed comparable correlation of expression (r2 = 0.569, p < 0.01) throughout mesocarp development to transcriptome (RNA sequencing) data, and improved correlation over quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) (r2 = 0.721, p < 0.01) of the same RNA samples. The results confirm the advantage of the custom microarray over commercially available arrays derived from model species. We demonstrate the utility of this custom microarray to gain a better understanding of gene expression patterns in the oil palm mesocarp that may lead to increasing future oil yield.
Bunyavirus-Vector Interactions
Authors: Horne Kate , Vanlandingham Dana
Published: November 2014

The Bunyaviridae family is comprised of more than 350 viruses, of which many within the Hantavirus, Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, Tospovirus, and Phlebovirus genera are significant human or agricultural pathogens. The viruses within the Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, and Phlebovirus genera are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, such as mosquitoes, midges, flies, and ticks, and their associated arthropods not only serve as vectors but also as virus reservoirs in many cases. This review presents an overview of several important emerging or re-emerging bunyaviruses and describes what is known about bunyavirus-vector interactions based on epidemiological, ultrastructural, and genetic studies of members of this virus family.
Les événements nautiques : démonstration de l'intérêt porté à la mer ? (Nautical events : a demonstration of the interest for the sea ?)
Authors: Lageiste Jérôme
Published: November 2014

Nautical events such as Brest 2008 and the Vendée Globe represent powerful tools for societal mobilization, insofar as they provide the geographer with an exceptional source of observations, and enable him to examine the meaning of their relation to the geographical space. Although these approaches may seem a priori opposite : inheritance versus modernity, local versus global, they nevertheless intersect and are complementary through the homage they render to the maritime space. Those events, by causing an undisputable discontinuity in time and space, show how much the favourable reception they obtain is due to their heterotopic nature. They occur in a short span of time, but do leave spatial impressions which marks the collective memory and make up an image of different places. Finally these events are meant to be of an open nature, appealing to non-coastal populations who seize that opportunity to assert their maritime identity. This is a social fact, relevant to contemporary forms of territorially .
Événements urbains et mutations à Gênes et Liverpool (Urban events and mutations in Genoa and Liverpool)
Authors: Jacquot Sébastien
Published: November 2014

Cet article explore les liens à Gênes et à Liverpool entre événements urbains et transformation pérenne de la ville, au service d'une stratégie de développement touristique et culturel. L'événement urbain constitue alors un instrument de gouvernement urbain, facilitant le consensus autour du développement touristiques.
Le musée comme événement : le Getty Center et l'expérience des « Fridays off the 405 » (The museum as event : The Getty Center 's and the "Fridays off the 405" experience)
Authors: Fuentenebro Pablo
Published: November 2014

As some cities have increasingly become huge entertainment centers, culture has turned into a key element fostering such a development. Art centers, concert halls and museums have mushroomed at an unprecedented rate, making use of a so-called "iconic architecture " in order to attract the largest possible number of visitors. Paradoxically, the competition to have the most spectacular building has not proved to be a sufficient enough stimulus, leading museums to put in place new strategies based on temporary events rather that on the materiality of their built environment.

Drawing from recent debates in the cultural economy and architecture, this paper examines the changing role of the museum over the past few decades. It looks, in particular, at the case of the Getty Center, in Los Angeles, and the Fridays off the 405 series, an event staged in the museum 's central court that turned the museum into a real social place.
La question méridionale existe-t-elle encore ? Point de vue. (Does the Southern problem still exist in Italy ? A point of view)
Authors: Bergeron Robert
Published: November 2014

The implementation of the Italian unity revealed and aggravated the socio-economic differences betwen South and North. The Southern problem, even though it had been addressed by generations of "Southernists" of various feelings and political sympathies had not been properly solved by constitutional monarchy and the fascist regime. After 1946, the Republic practised a more decidedly interventionist policy in favour of the South (agrarian reform, infrastructures, industrialisation), but this governmental "southernism" had its own limits and disappeared in the 1980's, leaving the southern problem unsolved even though profoundly altered in its core. The agrarian aspect has lost of its importance, but discrepancies in development are still there and (even if it is not a new phenomenon) the problems of local and regional governance are a matter of much concern. Morever, underground economy and crime have significantly expanded. These aspects are not specific of the South but they are characteristic features of it. As the debate focuses on the question of fiscal federalism, if this means yet another reduction of public investment and committment for the South, would this help hasten a solution to this "new" Southern problem ?
The effect of caffeine mouth rinse on self-paced cycling performance
Authors: Bottoms L. , Hurst H. , Scriven A. , Lynch F. , Bolton J. , Vercoe L. , Shone Z. , Barry G. , Sinclair J.
Published: November 2014

The aim of the study was to determine whether caffeine mouth rinse would improve 30 min self-paced cycling trial. Twelve healthy active males (age 20.5±0.7 years, mass 87.4±18.3 kg) volunteered for the study. They attended the laboratory on 3 separate occasions performing a 30 min self-paced cycling trial. On one occasion water was given as a mouth rinse for 5 s (PLA), on another occasion a 6.4% maltodextrin (CHO) solution was given for 5 s and finally a caffeine solution (containing 32 mg of caffeine dissolved in 125 ml water; CAF) was given for 5 s. Distance cycled, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, cadence, speed and power output were recorded throughout all trials. Distance cycled during the CAF mouth rinse trial (16.2±2.8 km) was significantly greater compared to PLA trial (14.9±2.6 km). There was no difference between CHO and CAF trials (P=0.89). Cadence, power and velocity were significantly greater during the CAF trial compared to both PLA and CHO (P<0.05). There were no differences between trials for heart rate and perceived exertion (P>0.05). Caffeine mouth rinse improves 30 min cycling performance by allowing the participant to increase cadence, power and velocity without a concurrent increase in perceived exertion and heart rate.
Lack of aflatoxin production byAspergillus flavus is associated with reduced fungal growth and delayed expression of aflatoxin pathway genes
Authors: Zhang H. , Scharfenstein L.L. , Carter-Wientjes C. , Chang P.-K. , Zhang D. , Meng X. , Yu J.
Published: November 2014

Aflatoxins, produced byAspergillus flavus andAspergillus parasiticus, are the most toxic fungal secondary metabolites that contaminate agricultural commodities such as peanuts, cotton and maize. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of crop resistance to fungal infection is an important step for plant breeders to develop better and improved crop varieties for safe production of human food and animal feed. Infection studies have identified a resistant (R) peanut line, GT-C20, which is able to decrease aflatoxin contamination. The mycelial growth ofA. flavus NRRL3357 on the R peanut line was much lower than that on the susceptible (S) peanut line, Tifrunner. Besides reducing fungal growth, the R line compared to the S line inhibited aflatoxin production completely. Real-time RT-PCR assays of both the R and S lines infected byA. flavus showed that expression of five aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway genes, theaflR regulatory gene and theaflD,aflM,aflP andaflQ structural genes, was not reduced but was significantly delayed on the R line. The results suggested that resistance factors of the R line acted negatively onA. flavus growth and also altered fungal development. The dysfunction in development changed the timing and the pattern of aflatoxin gene expression, which in part renderedA. flavus unable to produce aflatoxins.
Investigación básica sobre los mecanismos que explican el papel de las inclusiones de BN en la mejora de la maquinabilidad de aceros
Authors: Ya-nan Chen , Yan-ping Bao , Min Wang , Xiao-feng Cai , Lin-jinga Wang , Li-hua Zhao
Published: November 2014

Los aceros de fácil mecanizado o corte libre con nitruro de boro agregado han despertado un gran interés. Sin embargo, aún no se han determinado los mecanismos que explican el papel de las inclusiones de BN en la mejora de la maquinabilidad de estos aceros. En este trabajo, se investigan los mecanismos de corte de las inclusiones BN en aceros mediante la combinación de un análisis teórico y una serie de experimentos. En primer lugar, se determina la morfología de las inclusiones BN y se analiza cuantitativamente la cantidad y distribución de las mismas. Posteriormente, el rendimiento de corte del acero se determina mediante ensayos de corte. Por otra parte, las propiedades mecánicas locales y los mecanismos de eliminación de material para el corte de inclusiones BN son investigados por medio de nanoindentación. Los resultados revelaron que las inclusiones son BN con forma hexagonal y se distribuyen de manera uniforme, su contenido promedio es de 23,2 por unidad de superficie y su fracción de volumen es 0,51% en el acero con un contenido de 74 ppm de B y 180 ppm N. Se demuestra que las inclusiones BN pueden mejorar el rendimiento de corte del acero de manera significativa, y se presenta un modelo que describe el mecanismo de corte de las inclusiones de BN. Finalmente, se comprueba que los BN actúan como fuente de concentración de tensiones, la lubricante y de conglomerante de partículas duras.
Metakognitiewe bewustheid, selfgerigtheid in leer en een leerprestasie van voornemende wiskundeonderwysers vir die intermediêre en senior fase
Authors: Van der Walt Marthie S.
Published: November 2014

There is a gap between the knowledge and skills taught at school and the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace and society. Metacognitive awareness and self-directedness in learning are concepts referred to in terms of the knowledge and skills needed for learning in the 21st century. The aim of this study was twofold: firstly, to investigate the levels of metacognitive awareness and self-directedness in the own mathematics learning of prospective intermediate and senior phase mathematics teachers (in their second or third year in a BEd programme) (N = 77); and secondly to explore the correlations between factors and subscales of metacognitive awareness, levels of self-directedness in their learning and a learning performance in a mathematics module. The data of the current study was collected by administering two questionnaires, namely the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI), developed by Schraw and Dennisson (1994) and the Self-rating Scale of Self-directed Learning (SRSSDL), developed by Williamson (2007). Both questionnaires were adapted for prospective teachers’ learning in mathematics and were available in Afrikaans, as well as English. The questionnaires served as guidelines to investigate the concepts ‘metacognitive awareness’ and ‘self-directedness in mathematics learning’. A third variable was a learning ‘performance in mathematics’ (module mark achieved by respondents in the previous semester). For purposes of data analysis, respondents’ scores, Cronbach α-coefficients, and Pearson r-correlation coefficients were calculated. High Cronbach α-coefficients were found. Results and the interpretation of statistical analyses confirmed the existence of correlations between subscales or dimensions of the two questionnaires.
Hermite- Padé projection to thermal radiative and variable conductivity MHD flows through channel with a sliding wall
Authors: Alam Md S , Khan MAH
Published: November 2014

The combined effect of variable thermal conductivity and radiative heat transfer on steady flow of a conducting optically thin viscous fluid through a channel with sliding wall and non-uniform wall temperatures under the influence of an externally applied homogeneous magnetic field are analyzed in the present study. The similarity transformation reduces the time dependent governing equations for momentum and thermal energy into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations which are solved using perturbation method together with Hermite- Padé approximation. The velocity and temperature profiles are presented graphically to interpret the effect of various physical parameters of the problem. The critical relationships among the parameters are also performed qualitatively.Keywords: Thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, sliding wall, non-uniform wall temperature, Hermite- Padé approximationInternational Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology Vol. 6, No. 1, 2014, pp. 88-97
Notes about the paper entitled “A hybridized K-means clustering approach for high dimensional dataset”
Authors: Arriaza-Gómez AJ , Fernández-Palacin F , Muñoz-Marquez M , Pérez-Plaza SM
Published: November 2014

In the paper “A hybridized K-means clustering approach for high dimensional dataset” Dash, Mishra, Rash and Acharya have presented a new version of the k-means algorithm. In it, principal components analysis (PCA) was used before applying the kmeans algorithm with a new initialization method. The authors compare the results obtained by using the HKMCA and PCA with the results of the original k-means, but a direct comparison is not valid as this paper shows. Keywords: Cluster analysis, K-means Algorithm, Principal Component Analysis, Hybridized K-means algorithmInternational Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology Vol. 6, No. 1, 2014, pp. 20-26
The distribution and trends of fog and haze in the North China Plain over the past 30 years
Authors: Fu G. Q. , Xu W. Y. , Yang R. F. , Li J. B. , Zhao C. S.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Frequent low visibility, haze and fog events were found in the North China Plain (NCP). Data throughout the NCP during the past 30 years were examined to determine the horizontal distribution and decadal trends of low visibility, haze and fog events. The impact of meteorological factors such as wind and relative humidity (RH) on those events was investigated. Results reveal distinct distributions of haze and fog days, due to their different formation mechanisms. Low visibility, haze and fog days all display increasing trends of before 1995, a steady stage during the period 1995–2003 and a drastically drop thereafter. All three events occurred most frequently during the heating season. Benefiting from emission control measures, haze and fog both show decreasing trends in winter during the past 3 decades, while summertime haze displays continuous increasing trends. The distribution of wind speed and wind direction as well as the topography within the NCP has determinative impacts on the distribution of haze and fog. Weakened south-easterly winds in the southern part of the NCP have resulted in high pollutant concentrations and frequent haze events along the foot of the Taihang Mountains. The orographically generated boundary layer wind convergence line in the central area of the southern NCP is responsible for the frequent fog events in this region. Wind speed has been decreasing throughout the entire southern NCP, resulting in more stable atmospheric conditions and weaker dispersion abilities, calling for harder efforts to control emissions to prevent haze events. Haze events are strongly influenced by the ambient RH. RH values associated with haze days are evidently increasing, suggesting that an increasing fraction of haze events are caused by the hygroscopic growth of aerosols, rather than simply by high aerosol loadings.
Long-term lidar observations of wintertime gravity wave activity over northern Sweden
Authors: Ehard B. , Achtert P. , Gumbel J.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of gravity wave activity over northern Sweden as deduced from 18 years of wintertime lidar measurements at Esrange (68° N, 21° E). Gravity wave potential energy density (GWPED) was used to characterize the strength of gravity waves in the altitude regions 30–40 km and 40–50 km. The obtained values exceed previous observations reported in the literature. This is suggested to be due to Esrange's location downwind of the Scandinavian mountain range and due to differences in the various methods that are currently used to retrieve gravity wave parameters. The analysis method restricted the identification of the dominating vertical wavelengths to a range from 2 to 13 km. No preference was found for any wavelength in this window. Monthly mean values of GWPED show that most of the gravity waves' energy dissipates well below the stratopause and that higher altitude regions show only small dissipation rates of GWPED. Our analysis does not reproduce the previously reported negative trend in gravity wave activity over Esrange. The observed inter-annual variability of GWPED is connected to the occurrence of stratospheric warmings with generally lower wintertime mean GWPED during years with major stratospheric warmings. A bimodal GWPED occurrence frequency indicates that gravity wave activity at Esrange is affected by both ubiquitous wave sources and orographic forcing.