bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
НОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ НА РЕСТОРАННОМУ РИНКУ ЯК РЕЗУЛЬТАТ ФОРМУВАННЯ НОВИХ ЗВИЧОК І УПОДОБАНЬ СПОЖИВАЧІВ
Authors: ШЕРСТЮК Роман , СТОЙКО Ігор
Published: December 2024

Щоб виявити стратегії, які сформують ресторанну індустрію у 2025 і послідуючі роки, проведені пошукові дослідження, проаналізовані інтернет-прогнозування провідних рестораторів. Бізнесу варто розробляти стратегії в цьому напрямку з усвідомленням своїх сильних і слабких сторін. Пандемія COVID-19 сприяла формуванню нових поведінкових звичок, і тепер, у постпандемічному світі, звичка замовляти їжу лише зміцнюється. Віддалена робота, напружений спосіб життя, розвиток і розбудова міст, зростання питомої ваги міського населення та інше породжують прагнення економити час, що призводить до зростання попиту на зручні сервіси доставки їжі. Молоде покоління, яке народилося і виросло в оточенні комп'ютерів, ігрових приставок, mp3-плеєрів, відеокамер, стільникових телефонів та інших цифрових іграшок, природньо має здатність користуватися Інтернетом та Інтернет-технологіями. Ця особливість перетворила їх на агентів змін у ресторанній індустрії. Вони цінують зручність, тому надають перевагу мобільним додаткам та онлайн-платформам для замовлення їжі, які пропонують швидкі та прості рішення. Через високий попит на доставку їжі ресторани шукають економічні комерційні кухні для приготування їжі. Ресторани мусять переосмислювати своє призначення, що необхідно переходити і в абсолютно нові місця, там, де безперебійне постачання є пріоритетом, витрати мінімізуються, а прибуток максимізується, в густонаселені райони із найбільшою кількістю замовлень на доставку, щоб охопити більше клієнтів онлайн, зумовити зростання свого ресторану та потенціал заробітку по всій країні. Віртуальні бренди є одним із найбільш обговорюваних трендів у сфері гостинності. За останні кілька років ресторани, які працюють лише в Інтернеті, і кухні-привиди (або темні кухні, хмарні кухні) стали звичайним явищем на платформах доставки їжі по всьому світу. У цьому контексті це дослідження має на меті цілісно оцінити тенденції та прогнози в ресторанній індустрії щодо збільшення ресторанних послуг на доставку і винос, застосовуючи технології хмарних кухонь і віртуальних брендів, зробити внесок у літературу та запропонувати пропозиції відповідним зацікавленим сторонам.
Typology of Results of Cooperation Between Russian Universities and Business
Authors: Melikyan A. V.
Published: December 2024

Development of high-tech industries is an important task for the Russian economy, the solution of which requires the joint efforts of educational, research and production organizations with the governmental support. Nowadays significant results have been achieved in the field of cooperation between universities and business. Their systematization and analysis will make it possible to determine both the most effective areas of interaction and those requiring further development.

   The purpose of the research presented in the article is to identify typical models of cooperation between universities and business based on analyzing the results of their scientific and educational interaction.

   To realize it, clustering of Russian universities was carried out. The cluster analysis identified 6 groups of universitates, each of which has specific features. Universities in the first two clusters are focused on commercializing income from R&D. Universities of cluster 1 are distinguished by a high share of extra-budgetary income from R&D, and from cluster 2 are distinguished by high extra-budgetary income from R&D based on the number of academic staff members. Universities from cluster 3 have high results of joint publication activities with business companies. In universities from clusters 4 and 5 educational cooperation with business is more developed. Universities from cluster 4 have an extensive network of partnerships with enterprises to organize internships for students. Universities from cluster 5 actively cooperate with business to train specialists on a contractual basis. Cluster 6 includes universities that have low results in all areas of cooperation with business. The results of the study demonstrate the main approaches of universities to interact with business companies. The research task was implemented for the first time on a representative sample of Russian universities based on an analysis of the quantitatively assessed results of their cooperation with business. The article may be of interest to universities aimed at developing partnerships with business companies, as well as government authorities developing projects to support university-industry interaction. Support measures could become more diversified, considering the specific features of each cluster, and be aimed at stimulating the development of priority areas of cooperation with business for a particular university.
Professional Development of University Educators in Artificial Intelligence: Current State
Authors: Elsakova R. Z. , Markus’ A. M.
Published: December 2024

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has posed many dilemmas for higher education, one of which is the development of university educators’ competencies in using AI technologies in the educational process.

   The purpose of this study is to present the current state of the problem of university educators’ professional development in the sphere of AI in the theory and practice of education.

   To achieve the goal, theoretical and empirical methods were used. The group of theoretical ones includes the analysis of scientific literature and Internet sources, study and generalization of advanced pedagogical experience, comparative analysis, content analysis, systematization. The group of empirical methods includes document analysis, questionnaire and survey. The first part of the article presents the analysis of international and Russian regulatory documents, which showed the significance of the studied issue for the state and society, and also allowed us to find out that the legal framework regulating AI in higher education is currently undergoing the stage of active formation. The second part of the article presents the review of scientific publications by foreign and Russian scientists, which helped to highlight the theoretical aspects of the current state of the problem of university educators’ professional development in the field of AI, as well as to identify its insufficientcoverage. The third part of the article presents the results of the study of educational practice in the form of systematization of educators’ development programs offered by universities and commercial organizations at the moment. The systematization is made on two bases: by the means of implementation and by the target audience. The fourth part of the article describes the authors’ experience in the development and implementation of a professional development program for educators on the creation of educational content using neural networks which took place in South Ural State University (National Research University). The conclusion states the necessity of systematic study of the problem, coordination of actions of educational organizations and state bodies to develop a supporting regulatory framework, the necessity to create conditions that promote the continuous development of educators’ AI competencies.
Institutional Transformations of Higher Education: Key Gaps and New Practices.
Authors: Konstantinova L. V. , Titova E. S. , Petrov A. M.
Published: December 2024

Institutional transformations of higher education in Russia are currently being carried out under the influence of geopolitical factors and a set of gaps between the demands of modern society and the established institutional characteristics of higher education. This article defines the essence of institutional transformations of higher education, systematizes the gaps and contradictions that shape their context in modern Russia, and identifies the main trends in the transformation of the educational and scientific practices of universities that determine the direction of institutional changes. The analysis was conducted using both theoretical and empirical methods, including a content analysis of strategic and reporting documents from 62 leading Russian universities, as well as a secondary analysis of data from the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM). It is concluded that the main gap in the institutional transformations of domestic higher education currently lies between trust and value, and the main mechanism is the construction of new practices for educational and scientific activities by universities. The analysis of these practices led the authors to conclude that the direction of institutional changes in the field of educational activities is more associated with the transformation of traditional institutional characteristics, while in the field of scientific activities, it is associated with the formation of new institutional foundations, with a general focus on increasing the integration potential of universities and inter-institutional interaction. The prospects for forming a new national system of higher education are tied to the possibility of consolidating these practices at the systemic level as stable regulatory and organizational characteristics.
Intrathecal baclofen in cerebral palsy: A decade of treatment	outcomes
Authors: Kolaski Kat , Logan Lynne Romeiser
Published: December 2024

Continuous intrathecal baclofen (CITB) is considered a standard treatment for spasticity in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). This review summarizes the recent literature and assesses the evidence for the efficacy of ITB for spasticity and its related sequelae in patients with CP. The literature was searched using electronic databases and reference lists from March 2000 through April 2007. Studies included report treatment effects of ITB in patients with CP. The outcomes reported in the 29 studies identified are classified using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model. The studies are graded for their level and, when appropriate, quality of evidence. The majority of the studies are case series which receive a Level IV grade of evidence. One study provides Level II evidence for the reduction of spasticity after administration of a bolus test dose of ITB as documented by changes in neurophysiologic reflexes. Longer term studies support the effectiveness of CITB for maintenance of muscle tone reduction as documented by clinical scales. Multiple studies suggest a linkage of CITB with improvements in function, ease of care, and quality of life. The evidence for improvements in dystonia and musculoskeletal problems is equivocal. Limitations of the research in this area and recommendations for improving its quality are discussed.
Educational and clinical qualifications of speech-language	pathologists treating children with disabilities
Authors: Kimbarow Michael L.
Published: December 2024

The ability to communicate is arguably the most critical and fundamental human behavior. From the moment of birth through adolescence children proceed through a development process during which they master the intricacies of human communication. When this process is altered due to neurological or physical trauma, referral to a speech-language pathologist (SLP) is warranted. Speech-language pathologists are uniquely qualified to work with children exhibiting a variety of communicative disabilities. The Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech-Language Pathology is awarded upon completion of a graduate degree, passing a national examination and completion of a Clinical Fellowship. This rigorous process prepares SLPs to serve children with a variety of disorders across all practice settings
Bone health in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Apkon Susan D. , Kecskemethy Heidi H.
Published: December 2024

Low bone mass and subsequent increased risk of fractures is a common finding in children with cerebral palsy. The available literature on this topic has increased over the last decade. The following is a review of the prevalence of fractures in this population, a description of the factors that are associated with reduced bone mineral density, and a summary of the interventions that have been reported to improve osteopenia and osteoporosis in children with cerebral palsy.
Bronchoscopy findings in children and young adults with	tracheostomy due to congenital anomalies and neurological impairment
Authors: Kharasch Virginia S. , Dumas Helene M. , Haley Stephen M. , Sawicki Gregory S. , Ludlow Larry H. , Wright Erika A. , Jones Dwight T. , O'Brien Jane E.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to examine bronchoscopy findings for children and young adults with long-term tracheostomies due to congenital anomalies and neurological impairment and identify characteristics associated with abnormal bronchoscopic findings. We conducted a retrospective study of 128 bronchoscopy cases (81 children) at a pediatric rehabilitation center. Thirty-eight cases (30%) had normal findings and 14 children (17% of all children) were decannulated following bronchoscopy. Ninety cases (70% of cases) had abnormal findings (e.g. granulomas, airway inflammation, fixed obstruction). An acute indication for bronchoscopy was the strongest predictor of an abnormal finding, while age (younger) and diagnosis (multiple congenital anomalies (MCA)) also were associated with abnormalities. For a subsample of children undergoing bronchoscopy for routine surveillance (n= 90), underlying diagnosis (MCA) was the strongest predictor of an abnormal finding, while younger age contributed slightly. These findings add to the limited literature describing bronchoscopic findings in children and youth with tracheostomies due to congenital anomalies or neurological impairment. These findings may be useful for rehabilitation clinicians in determining care needs for children with long-term tracheostomy.
The contribution of tone to resting energy expenditure in children	with moderate to severe cerebral palsy: Evaluation utilizing intrathecal	baclofen injection
Authors: Liu Li-Fen , Moyer-Mileur Laurie , Gooch Judith , Samson-Fang Lisa
Published: December 2024

The extent to which high muscle tone contributes to the caloric needs of children with cerebral palsy (CP) is debated. Understanding its contribution is important in predicting calorie needs in this population which frequently experiences under nutrition. Intrathecal baclofen is an innovative therapy now used for treatment of excessive tone. We prospectively studied the changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) observed in 12 children with CP undergoing intrathecal baclofen injection. REE was measured in the fasting state before intrathecal injection of 50 micrograms of baclofen. Patients remained fasting and REE measures were repeated four hours later. Tone changes were assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale at the same time points. One child was excluded from study because he became increasingly agitated over the observation period and one child demonstrated no tone reduction after the baclofen injection. In the remaining 10 patients, the average REE prior to injection was 101 ± 17% of predicted and decreased to 84 ± 24% of predicted after injection (p<0.004). This study suggests that tone contributes substantially to the caloric needs of children with CP and must be carefully considered when providing nutritional recommendations.
Children with chronic complex medical illnesses: Is inpatient care family-centered?
Authors: Stone Bryan L. , Murphy Nancy A. , Mundorff Michael B. , Parker Howard B. , Peterson Paula R. , Srivastava Rajendu
Published: December 2024

Background: Families of children with complex chronic medical illnesses (CCMI) benefit from coordinated, family-centered healthcare.

Objective: Compare parental perceptions of inpatient family-centered care for children with CCMI in structured clinical programs (SCPs) with those who are not in SCPs.

Design/Methods: Cross-sectional mail survey of parents of children with CCMIs using the 56-item Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) to rate perceptions of family-centered healthcare. We compared responses of SCP to non-SCP children.

Results: 215 (36.6%) of 588 surveys were returned. Response rates were 40.0% for SCP and 33.8% for non-SCP children. The proportion of favorable (6--7) ratings was higher for the SCP group than for the non-SCP group (52.4% vs. 48.3%, p < 0.035). The proportion of unfavorable ratings was also different (5.4% vs. 12.3%, p = < 0.001). SCP families felt care was directed at the whole child and consistent. Non-SCP families reported more unmet needs and less recognition of their role.

Conclusions: Parents of children with CCMI perceive inpatient care as more family-centered when provided in conjunction with a SCP. Children receiving non-SCP care may benefit from inclusion in SCPs dedicated to their needs. Further studies to determine the best way to provide this care are needed.
Primary care providers and medical homes for individuals with	spina bifida
Authors: Walker, Jr. William O.
Published: December 2024

The contributions of primary care providers to the successful care of children with spina bifida cannot be underestimated. Overcoming systemic barriers to their integration into a comprehensive care system is essential. By providing routine and disability specific care through the structure of a Medical Home, they are often the first line resource and support for individuals and their families. The Medical Home model encourages primary care providers to facilitate discussions on topics as varied as education and employment. Knowledge of specific medical issues unique to this population allows the primary care provider to complement the efforts of other specialty clinics and providers in often neglected areas such as sexual health, obesity and latex sensitization. As individuals with spina bifida live into adulthood, and access to traditional multidisciplinary care models evolves, these skills will take on increasing importance within the scope of providing comprehensive and coordinated care.
Neurogenic bowel and continence programs for the individual with	spina bifida
Authors: Leibold Susan
Published: December 2024

The neurogenic bowel in the person with spina bifida has been difficult to manage. Current literature reveals very little research conducted on the outcome of continence programs in the person with spina bifida. It has different characteristics than the neurogenic bowel seen with spinal cord injury because it occurs during fetal development. Management of the neurogenic bowel to achieve continence is based upon thirteen assessment items that include stool form, individual physiologic parameters, family patterns, diet and medications. Programs are developmentally related to appropriately support the child's involvement. Continence strategies include the use of oral medication early in the day and timed sitting, suppositories or enemas later in the day at a time convenient to the family. The timing of the medications and evacuation is very important to the success.

An interdisciplinary team is important in supporting the family as the child with spina bifida grows into an independent adult. The dietician and occupational therapist have invaluable insight into diet, fluids, adaptive aids and techniques that contribute to positive outcomes of the continence program.
Vocational rehabilitation for clients with cognitive and	behavioral disorders associated with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Watanabe Shu
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE: To report on functional outcomes of clients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to a sub-acute rehabilitation hospital and rehabilitation facility in Japan.

PARTICIPANTS: The subjects included 300 adults with TBI who underwent a rehabilitation in-patient program at the hospital at the Kanagawa Rehabilitation Center.

METHODS: Individual and group programs were designed for TBI clients using an interdisciplinary teamwork model including supported employment. All clients were evaluated by the Barthel Index, WAIS-R, and social outcome.

RESULTS: Overall, at discharge from the hospital, 46.4% of 300 clients were placed in gainful employment or returned to the school they had attended previously.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite a high prevalence of cognitive and behavioral disorders after moderate-to-severe TBI, long-term functional improvement is likely to occur in clients with TBI. Greater gains in both physical and cognitive functions are made through a multidisciplinary, wide-ranging, comprehensive approach to rehabilitation.
The Life Rope: a transactional approach to exploring worker and	life role development
Authors: Joy Hammel
Published: December 2024

The Model of Human Occupation offers a framework for analyzing occupational roles including that of worker; however, it does not describe the dynamics of role change after a traumatic injury. This paper reports a qualitative study of sixteen individuals who experienced a traumatic spinal cord injury in the midst of their occupational career development. The study examined their role change processes involved in redeveloping the worker role. Data were collected across 24 months of the participant's lives and triangulated via participant observations, guided interviews, mapping, and archival document review. Results showed that individuals formed multiple strands within their role repertoires at any point in time. After a traumatic injury, the worker role became an optional, elective role strand, one that often unraveled first as they encountered breakdowns in more basic survival roles, such as home manager, assistive technology user and attendant care employer. The metaphor of a Life Rope emerged as a useful conceptual framework for explaining life role development, including that of worker.
Applying the model of human occupation in work-focused	rehabilitation: a case illustration
Authors: Christiane Mentrup  , Anja Niehaus  , Gary Kielhofner
Published: December 2024

This paper illustrates application of the model of human occupation in the long term rehabilitation of a German worker who suffered a stroke. The case shows the importance of assessing and addressing not only performance, but also volition and habituation. As such it illustrates a holistic approach to providing work related rehabilitation.
The importance of volitional narrative in treatment: An	ethnographic case study in a work progran
Authors: Laura Barrett  , David Beer  , Gary Kielhofner
Published: December 2024

The revised theory of the model of human occupation expands the concept of volition to include volitional narrative. This paper focuses on the application of this theory of volition to a client's experience in a work program. This ethnographic case study describes the volitional narrative and life world of one client who attended the occupational therapy work based program. For fifteen months the client was the subject of narrative interviews, participant observation, videotapes and telephone contacts. The findings will illustrate how knowledge of a client's volitional narrative and life world can shed critical light on understanding treatment conflicts. Finally, the discussion will underscore how important it is for work based programs to be designed to encourage therapists to adapt their treatment approaches to maximize the opportunities to seek out the client's volitional narratives and to create meaningful experiences that are consistent with the client's life world.
Self-employment and economic leadership as two promising	perspectives on rural disability and work
Authors: Tom Seekins  , Nancy Arnold
Published: December 2024

A defining difference between rural and urban circumstances for people with disabilities involves opportunities for work. One of the most significant elements of the rural context is that economic conditions in rural communities consistently trail the national economy. This paper presents an overview of disability in rural America and outlines an ecological model for guiding the development of rural solutions to rehabilitation problems. Two promising examples of such solutions, self-employment as a rural vocational rehabilitation employment option and rural economic leadership by people with disabilities, are outlined.
A teaching model for work practice in occupational therapy
Authors: Susan C. Burwash
Published: December 2024

Given the global changes in how work is conceptualized, organized and performed [8], it is critical that graduating occupational therapists have an up-to-date knowledge of work and work practice. This article briefly explores the relative dearth of work practice courses in current occupational therapy curricula and presents the rationale for developing a model for teaching and learning about occupational therapy work practice. It introduces a client-centered and occupation-focused model developed for an undergraduate work practice course and describes the use of the model in a specific course. The model identifies eight common work-related areas of concern -- values clarification, vocational exploration, vocational choice, job search, starting work, maintaining work, returning to work and leaving work. Occupational Therapy tools, techniques and programs which may be useful in addressing these concerns; and the environmental factors that influence therapist and client in addressing work issues are also part of the model. The article concludes with examples of topics and issues which could be explored using this teaching and learning model.
Job coaching for persons with mental disabilities
Authors: Yuusuke Murakami
Published: December 2024

The effectiveness of job coaching for persons with mental challenges at the Yokohama City Comprehensive Care Continuum is examined through case records. The immediate intervention with the client, as well as improved working conditions through consultation with the company are recognized as crucial for the client's optimum adjustment at the work site. On the other hand, in a case where the client quit the job, we can see that the inadequacy is in the assessment of the client and of the working conditions. Improved assessments are needed. Using the principle and the strategies of supported employment developed in America, the goal of job coaching at Y.C.C.C. is to form an adequate support system for the client, both at the workplace and in other living and social situation which influence the client in the workplace.
An examination of self-reported carpal tunnel syndrome symptoms in	hand therapists, protective and corrective measures and job	satisfaction
Authors: Daniel S. Bash  , Ruth S. Farber
Published: December 2024

Based on the physical nature of their work, hand therapists could be at risk for developing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this study was to examine the incidence of self-reported CTS symptoms among hand therapists and the corrective/protective measures utilized in response to symptoms. Additionally, the relationship of CTS symptoms to job satisfaction was explored. A survey was conducted on a sample of 129 hand therapists. The results demonstrated that 57 (46%) symptoms of CTS. Thirty eight (66.7%) measures ranging from conservative treatment to work modifications to surgery. No significant relationship between CTS symptoms and job dissatisfaction was found. Descriptive statistics were reported on the effects of age, experience and reasons for job dissatisfaction. In conclusion, these findings suggest a seemingly high frequency of self-reported CTS symptoms in hand therapists, the utilization and effectiveness of certain interventions, and a lack of association between CTS symptoms and job satisfaction.
Achieving proficiency in various specialized literacies
Authors: Lorraine Dagostino  , James Carifio
Published: December 2024

The primary purpose of this article is to share conceptualizations of selected specialized literacies, such as scientific, health and technological literacy, that are moving from boundaried work environments to the world at large, Secondly, We relate those conceptualiztions to the attributes of the adult literate reader that are necessary for world in general. The final goal is to develop preliminary guidelines for the specialist to use with the general public when communicating ideas from the specialized environment.
Are relaxation techniques effective in relief of chronic	pain?
Authors: Cathleen Lecky
Published: December 2024

Alternative therapies are becoming more popular in the United States despite the lack of scientific evidence supporting that they are effective treatments. Some alternative therapies used in the relief of chronic pain are relaxation techniques, guided imagery, and biofeedback. Overall, the existing research suggests that relaxation techniques are effective in reducing pain [6,8,21]. Research concerning guided imagery has also suggested that it is helpful in reducing pain [19,22,23]. Finally, most of the research concerning biofeedback and the reduction of pain in people with chronic pain has been positive [7,10,14,20].

Despite these findings, one can not conclude that relaxation techniques, guided imagery, and biofeedback are effective in reducing pain in individuals with chronic pain. There were many problems with most of the studies, including small sample sizes and unstated reliability and validity of assessments. These limitations lower the significance of the studies, which makes it impossible to draw conclusions from the research as a whole. More research needs to be conducted to determine the effectiveness of relaxation techniques, guided imagery, and biofeedback concerning chronic pain. Information regarding the transference of these learned techniques to one's roles and daily activities should also be incorporated into the research by occupational therapists.
Career development interventions for transition-age youths with	disabilities
Authors: Lynn C. Koch
Published: December 2024

Youths with disabilities are often precluded from participating in career exploration and planning activities that prepare them for meaningful employment. They do not always have the same opportunities as their non-disabled peers to learn about different career options and to develop important work-related skills. This article presents experientially-based career development interventions that can be incorporated into the transition planning process to guide these youths in (a) career exploration and decision-making, (b) career planning, (c) job development and placement, and (e) career maintenance.
Communication barriers for deaf employees: Needs assessment and	problem-solving strategies
Authors: Pamela Luft
Published: December 2024

Deaf people experience higher rates of unemployment and underemployment and earn lifetime wages that are between $356,000 and $609,000 less than their comparably educated normally hearing counterparts. This results in a substantial loss of earning power and career identity for members of this underutilized population of workers. This article examines how communication difficulties pose a major barrier to employment retention and advancement for deaf employees. These barriers exist (a) within the employee in terms of nonfluent use of English and reliance upon American Sign Language, (b) with the employment site, and (c) with agency service personnel. Primarily, these barriers reflect a lack of understanding of the cultural and communication needs of deaf people. Strategies to ameliorate these barriers include a model of long-term employment support using an ecological framework.
Organizational culture, climate and person-environment fit:	Relationships with employment outcomes for mental health consumers
Authors: Bonnie Kirsh
Published: December 2024

Although the effects of organizational culture, climate and person-environment fit have been widely studied in the general population, little research exists in this area regarding consumers of mental health services. This research focuses on organizational culture, climate and person-environment fit and their relationship to employment outcomes for mental health consumers. It also examines specific components of organizational culture which are both desired and perceived by mental health consumers. Thirty-six ( $N=36$ ) consumers were recruited into one of two groups: individuals who were employed at the time of the study and those who had recently left their jobs. Instruments used were the Workplace Climate Questionnaire (WCQ) and the Organizational Culture Profile (OCP). Significant differences were found between groups along the dimensions of organizational culture/climate and person-environment fit. Although few differences were found between groups with regards to desired workplace characteristics, many differences in perceived characteristics were found. The findings point to the importance of assessing the organizational culture/climate and its congruence with individuals' value systems as part of the work integration process.
Violence in the workplace and ergonomic prevention
Authors: Farrah Choe
Published: December 2024

There is a growing problem of violence in the workplace that should not be ignored. An estimated 6,359 deaths occur per year in the workplace [8] and an average one million each year are assaulted while at work [3]. Workplace violence is detrimental to both the employer and employee. It causes decreased worker productivity which results in monetary loss for businesses and the worker. Prevention programs can and should be implemented to address workplace violence. Prevention strategies that incorporate ergonomic and occupational therapy concepts can increase work productivity and job satisfaction. Certain occupations, such as health care and social service workers, are at a high risk for violence in the workplace. Violence in the workplace may never be eliminated, but steps can be taken to hinder the problem from growing.
Validity of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles as applied to	construction site workers in Hong Kong
Authors: Eddy K.S. Lo  , Paul C.W. Lam
Published: December 2024

This study was designed to examine the content validity of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (D.O.T.) as applied to construction site workers in Hong Kong. The study was divided into the First Expert Panel Review, the Second Expert Panel Review and the Field Study. The results indicated that (i) 15 out of the 55 items of the D.O.T. were identified as insignificant job requirements, and 14 items other than those suggested by the D.O.T. were identified as significant job requirements by the First Expert Panel; (ii) criteria of 20 out of the 40 items of the job requirements as suggested by the D.O.T. were identified as different from the ones suggested by the Second Expert Panel; and (iii) criteria of 4 items were found to be different among the D.O.T., the Second Expert Panel and the Field Study. The results of this study substantiate the claim that the validity of the D.O.T. is questionable, and research on a larger scale should be implemented to further examine the validity of the D.O.T.
Evaluation of a Goal Attainment Program using the Goal Attainment	Scale for Psychiatric In-patients in vocational rehabilitation
Authors: Bacon F.L. Ng  , Hector W.H. Tsang
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the newly developed clinical protocol ``Goal Attainment Program'' to assist psychiatric in-patients in Hong Kong to formulate realistic life goals, with a view to shortening their length of stay and motivating them to join in work rehabilitation. The Goal Attainment Scale for Psychiatric In-patients was validated and used to evaluate the change in life goals after attending the four-session Goal Attainment Program. The validated 10-item version of the Goal Attainment Scale for Psychiatric In-patients (GASPI-10) was found to have good inter-rater reliability ( $\rho _{I}$ ranged from 0.64 to 0.88, $p < 0.01$ ; $N = 26$ ) and internal consistency ( $\alpha$ of rater $1 = 0.92$ , rater $2 = 0.87$ , $N = 26$ ). Twenty-five chronic psychiatric in-patients of Castle Peak Hospital in Hong Kong completed the Goal Attainment Program and were assessed using a pre and post-test quasi-experimental design. The T-score computation of GASPI-10 indicated that 92% improvement in goal attainment. Some 92% and 72% discharge after completion of the program. The overall results of this study verified the effectiveness of the Goal Attainment Program in instilling hope in chronic patients with schizophrenia and the use of the Goal Attainment Scale in documenting patients' progress.
Wheelchair coasting downhill is a reliable work task
Authors: Dennis G. O'Connell  , Byron Russell  , F.A. Acosta  , Collen J. Queen  , Mary K. Crowley  , Nicolas Walsh
Published: December 2024

{\it Objective:} To measure test-retest reliability of physiological responses during submaximal wheelchair downhill and horizontal treadmill ergometry.

{\it Design:} A test-retest design was used on a convenience sample. Four male and three female non-wheelchair users, (22--43 years of age) propelled or coasted in a wheelchair under steady-state conditions. Four minute work bouts were performed at 1, 2, 3, and 4 km/hr. (0.62, 1.24, 1.86 and 2.5 mph, respectively) at 0 $^\circ$ , $-$ 2 $^\circ$ , and $-$ 4 $^\circ$ . Subjects were studied twice under each of the 12 conditions. Six tests were performed daily, with testing occurring over four days. Dependent variables included oxygen consumption, minute ventilation and heart. Intraclass correlation coefficients were determined for each set of paired tests.

{\it Results:} Intraclass correlation coefficients were high for absolute VO $_{2}$ ( $R= 0.84-0.99$ ), $V_{\rm E} (R= 0.86-0.98$ ) and HR ( $R= 0.95-1.0$ ) over the range of 4 speeds and 3 inclinations studied. On average, % to test 2 were less than 3%.

{\it Conclusion:} At the treadmill speeds and inclinations (positive and negative) studied in this investigation, untrained wheelchair users responded in a physiologically reliable manner.
The physical and psychological stresses of women in	firefighting
Authors: Melissa P. Shuster
Published: December 2024

This literature review investigates females in the male-dominated field of firefighting. Various psychological and physical stressors are identified which are unique to women in this occupation. Psychological stressors include: self-doubt, skepticism of their abilities by others, performance pressure, sexual harassment, and social ostracism. Physical stressors include: ineffective physical conditioning, improper training in the use of power tools, and ill-fitting personal protective equipment. Proactive solutions are suggested as methods to remediate these problems, such as: sensitivity and social skills training, education, stress management and assertiveness training, task specific physical conditioning, proper training in the use of power tools, and the availability of personal protective equipment in sizes to fit women. Occupational therapy practitioners are identified as professionals qualified to carry out much of this training.
Working with industry: Matching the work and worker
Authors: Steve McKenney
Published: December 2024

The benefits of matching the work to the worker include injury prevention, decreased re-injury rates, decreased turnover, and improved production. This article will discuss three components of an employer safety and health program that allows employers to realize these goals. The program involves partnering with trained health professionals who provide Functional Capacity Evaluation, Functional Job Analysis, and Prework Screening services onsite as means to achieving appropriate matches of the workers to the work.
The industrial athlete?
Authors: Thomas L. Sevier  , Julie K. Wilson  , Bob Helfst
Published: December 2024

Many similarities can be drawn between the athletic and industrial population. It is time for a shift in the approach toward injured workers utilizing a sports medicine perspective. We must think of workers as industrial athletes and recognize that the sports medicine model can be appropriately adapted to the injured worker. This model includes prevention, early intervention/identification, training and conditioning, and progressive treatment. Sports medicine rehabilitation concepts include treating the entire kinetic chain that is associated with a specific injury and the SAID principle (Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands).
Putting technology to work: Users' perspective on integrating	assistive technology into the workplace
Authors: Jonge Desleigh de , Rodger Sylvia , Fitzgibbon Heidi
Published: December 2024

This qualitative study examined the experiences of people with disabilities who use assistive technology in open employment. This study aims to describe and understand the factors the participants perceived as important in integrating technology into the workplace, as well as the barriers encountered in the process. Fifteen people with a range of acquired and congenital disabilities as well as their employers (8) or co-workers (4) were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed. Nud*ist Version 4(R) was used for data management. Emergent themes related to the integration of assistive technology were software compatibility, Information Technology (IT) and product support, and the interaction between technology and the work environment. Participants also reported on the impact of technology on their performance and comfort at work, as well as dealing with people and processes in the workplace. By identifying the issues and support strategies for technology users in the workplace, appropriate measures can be implemented to ensure that the spirit of disability discrimination legislation is realized.
Occupational-psychosocial perceptions influencing return to work	and functional performance of injured workers
Authors: Keough Jeremy L. , Fisher Thomas F.
Published: December 2024

Much has been done to identify psychosocial factors influencing risk of vocational injury and prolonged disability. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the ability of injured workers to return to their prior worker role through the identification of the influencing psychosocial perceptions. Psychosocial perceptions may assist in the identification of negative or counterproductive factors that hinder the rehabilitative process. Identifying perceptions are individual centered and focused on the views of injured workers as they proceed through the transition in life following injury. Occupational therapists play a key role in the rehabilitative process of injured workers through enhancing the person-job-environment fit [4].
Workgroup context and the experience of abuse: An opportunity for	prevention
Authors: Mangione Lisa L. , Mangione Thomas W.
Published: December 2024

This study examined the relationship between certain workgroup characteristics and the experience of abuse in the workplace. Data were collected from 6540 workers at sixteen work sites among six Fortune 500 companies. Workgroup cohesiveness, workgroup interdependence, supervisory concern, supervisory presence and the percent of women in the workgroup were tested for associations with perceived hostility, harassment and negativity for both women and men. Workgroup cohesiveness and supervisory concern showed the strongest protective relationships. The percent of women in the workgroup was also protective for women on all three abuse measures and for men in relation to experienced hostility and negativity. Workgroup interdependence demonstrated an unexpected positive association for experienced hostility and harassment for both men and women. Findings that identify workgroup characteristics that are protective for employees experiencing workplace abuse will be useful for prevention planning.
HIV/AIDS and work: The implications for occupational therapy
Authors: Salz Fern
Published: December 2024

Improvements in preventive and rehabilitative care have transformed many cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) from being an absolute fatal disease to a chronic, expensive illness. As survival rates and life expectancy increase for people with HIV/AIDS, work plays a more central role in improving their quality of life [5]. Persons with HIV/AIDS face numerous physical challenges in maintaining employment. Signs and symptoms of HIV infection and related opportunistic infections include fatigue, muscle weakness, neuropathy and decreased sensation, bowel and bladder incontinence, persistent cough, weight loss, decreased range of motion and coordination, limited endurance, cardiac problems and vision loss. Occupational therapy practitioners must identify the unique impact they can make on a client's quality of life by addressing work-related issues faced by the HIV/AIDS population.
Work-site health and fitness programs: Impact on the employee and	employer
Authors: Voit Susan
Published: December 2024

Physical fitness and health lifestyle habits have been reported to lower the risk of death from disease, foster healthy muscles, joints and bones, and enhance personal function and mental health. Given these benefits, many employers are implementing health and fitness programs into their workplace with the goals of improving and maintaining the health of their employees and increasing worker productivity. However, research is still being conducted to determine if these programs are an effective means of achieving these goals.

{\it Objective:} The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of these programs on employee physical and mental health, employee work performance, and the employer. This paper also investigates the effectiveness of the specific program structures and intervention procedures that were used in the employee health and fitness programs that have been implemented.

{\it Study design:} This paper analyzed 15 previously conducted studies to investigate the impact and design of employee health and fitness programs.

{\it Results:} The reviewed literature suggests that the incorporation of an employee health and fitness program can have positive effects for both the employee and the employer. Programs that are structured using a variety of physical fitness programs, health education classes, outreach and one on one counseling with follow up contact have proven to be most beneficial in terms of employee and employer satisfaction.

{\it Conclusion:} The implementation of an employee health and fitness program can have positive lasting effects on both the employee and employer. In addition to implementing programs that offer a variety of choices and one on one counseling, employers would benefit from targeting the at-risk population to ensure that the programs benefit the greatest number of employees possible.
Sick leave -- Cushion or entitlement? A study of age cohorts'	attitudes and practices in two Australian workplaces
Authors: Cant Rosemary , O'Loughlin Kate , Legge Varoe
Published: December 2024

Stereotypes of older people suggest that they may experience more sickness and injury therefore may not be as productive as younger employees. The present paper attempts to test these stereotypes and reports research into patterns of sick leave in different age cohorts and attitudes towards the use of sick leave. The research was carried out at two case study sites. Managers were interviewed and focus groups were held with workers. A complex pattern was found, suggesting structural issues such as sick leave entitlements, workplace organisation, and flexible work patterns interacted with managers' and workers' attitudes, age, gender and family responsibilities. Flexible workplace hours, and part payment for unused sick leave and insecurity of employment appeared as important factors in reducing absenteeism. The most striking finding was that older workers past pensionable age took the least sick leave. Older workers were careful to conserve sick leave as a `cushion' for serious illness. Workplace pressures especially those resulting from the failure of management to replace absent workers resulted in work pressure on peers and thus reluctance of workers to take leave.