bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opioid Overdose After Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Initiation Following Hospitalization or ED Visit
Authors: Weiner Scott G. , Little Kacey , Yoo Jiah , Flores Diana P. , Hildebran Christi , Wright Dagan A. , Ritter Grant A. , El Ibrahimi Sanae
Published: July 2024

Importance

Hospitalizations related to opioid use disorder (OUD) represent an opportunity to initiate medication for OUD (MOUD).

Objective

To assess whether starting MOUD after a hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visit is associated with the odds of fatal and nonfatal opioid overdose at 6 and 12 months.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study used data from the Oregon Comprehensive Opioid Risk Registry, which links all payer claims data to other administrative health datasets, for individuals aged 18 years or older who had diagnosis codes related to OUD recorded at an index ED visit or hospitalization from January 2017 to December 2019. Data were analyzed between May 2023 and January 2024.

Exposures

Receipt of MOUD within the 7 days after an OUD-related hospital visit.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was fatal or nonfatal overdose at 6 and 12 months after discharge. Sample characteristics, including age, sex, insurance plan, number of comorbidities, and opioid-related overdose events, were stratified by receipt or nonreceipt of MOUD within 7 days after an OUD-related hospital visit. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between receipt of MOUD and having an opioid overdose event.

Results

The study included 22 235 patients (53.1% female; 25.0% aged 25-39 years) who had an OUD-related hospital visit during the study period. Overall, 1184 patients (5.3%) received MOUD within 7 days of their ED visit or hospitalization. Of these patients, 683 (57.7%) received buprenorphine, 463 (39.1%) received methadone, and 46 (3.9%) received long-acting injectable naltrexone. Patients who received MOUD within 7 days after discharge had lower adjusted odds of fatal or nonfatal overdose at 6 months compared with those who did not (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41-0.97). At 12 months, there was no difference in adjusted odds of fatal or nonfatal overdose between these groups (AOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.58-1.08). Patients had a lower risk of fatal or nonfatal overdose at 6 months associated with buprenorphine use (AOR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.95) but not with methadone use (AOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.28-1.17).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of individuals with an OUD-related hospital visit, initiation of MOUD was associated with reduced odds of opioid-related overdose at 6 months. Hospitals should consider implementing programs and protocols to offer initiation of MOUD to patients with OUD who present for care.
Misdiagnosis, Missed Diagnosis, and Delayed Diagnosis of Lupus: A Qualitative Study of Rheumatologists
Authors: Bane Shalmali , Falasinnu Titilola , Espinosa Patricia Rodriguez , Simard Julia F.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Diagnostic errors in outpatient settings lead to significant consequences, especially in rare diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A recent vignette‐based experimental study revealed that demographic factors influenced rheumatologists’ diagnoses of SLE, raising concerns about potential diagnostic biases. We conducted a qualitative study to contextualize these results to generate insights about diagnostic challenges and biases, and root causes.

Methods

We conducted 41 semistructured interviews among US rheumatologists. Transcripts were independently coded by at least two coders using a hybrid deductive–inductive approach and thematic analysis. A team of four researchers reviewed and defined themes collectively, and also resolved any discrepancies.

Results

Participants were 66% women, and 49% had more than10 years of postfellowship experience. Five major themes were generated, including receiving training through the lens of race or sex, the role of the documented epidemiology of SLE, pattern recognition and test‐taking strategies, patient vignettes as an imperfect proxy for patient interactions, and varied consequences to patients from diagnostic bias. Participants noted that the consequences of diagnostic bias could include progressed disease from delayed diagnosis, unnecessary and inappropriate treatment due to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis, and increased cost and harm.

Conclusion

This study underscores the unique challenges of diagnosing SLE, with complex factors contributing to diagnosis bias and delays. Interventions during medical education could prevent downstream diagnostic biases. Future research should explore interventions to mitigate diagnostic bias and refine vignettes to better mirror real‐world clinical scenarios. Understanding diagnostic bias in SLE is crucial for improving patient outcomes and refining medical training practices.

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Scalable Fabrication of Large‐Scale, 3D, and Stretchable Circuits
Authors: Guo Dengji , Pan Taisong , Li Fan , Wang Wei , Jia Xiang , Hu Taiqi , Wang Zhijian , Gao Min , Yao Guang , Huang Zhenlong , Peng Zujun , Lin Yuan
Published: July 2024

Stretchable electronics have demonstrated excellent potential in wearable healthcare and conformal integration. Achieving the scalable fabrication of stretchable devices with high functional density is the cornerstone to enable the practical applications of stretchable electronics. Here, a comprehensive methodology for realizing large‐scale, 3D, and stretchable circuits (3D‐LSC) is reported. The soft copper‐clad laminate (S‐CCL) based on the “cast and cure” process facilitates patterning the planar interconnects with the scale beyond 1 m. With the ability to form through, buried and blind VIAs in the multilayer stack of S‐CCLs, high functional density can be achieved by further creating vertical interconnects in stacked S‐CCLs. The application of temporary bonding substrate effectively minimizes the misalignments caused by residual strain and thermal strain. 3D‐LSC enables the batch production of stretchable skin patches based on five‐layer stretchable circuits, which can serve as a miniaturized system for physiological signals monitoring with wireless power delivery. The fabrications of conformal antenna and stretchable light‐emitting diode display further illustrate the potential of 3D‐LSC in realizing large‐scale stretchable devices.
Inkjet Printing of Magnetically Responsive Photonic Crystals
Authors: Smirnov Artyom , Pogosian Tamara , Povarov Svyatoslav , Gunina Ekaterina , Milichko Valentin , Morozov Maxim , Vinogradov Alexandr
Published: July 2024

Magnetic colloidal nanocrystalline clusters (MCNCs) exhibit a color‐changing response to a magnetic field due to their tunable assembly into photonic crystals demonstrating visible light diffraction. The use of this response to obtain a magnetically sensitive color micropattern on the surface of a solid substrate requires appropriate scalable technologies for deposition of MCNCs. Here, inkjet printing of MCNCs onto the surface of a solid substrate coated with uncured polydimethylsiloxane is addressed and demonstrate their capability to form desired patterns with structural colors from blue to red controlled by external magnetic field. The results, thereby, pave the way to semi‐commercial manufacture an anticounterfeiting imaging at a large scale.
Active Control of Temperature‐Sensitive GaN‐Graphene van der Waals Heterojunctions Integrated Metasurfaces: A Platform for Multifunctional Micro–Nanophotonic Devices
Authors: Wu G. F. , Yan F. P. , Liang L. J. , Wang W. , Li T. , Li Z. H. , Yan X. , Zhang R. , Yao H. Y. , Wang Z. Q. , Hu X. F. , Wang L
Published: July 2024

Van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions composed of GaN/graphene have high transmittance and excellent carrier transport properties. The combination of multidimensional hybrid heterojunctions with metasurfaces can open up many fascinating prospects for novel optical components over a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum. This work experimentally demonstrates a multifunctional temperature‐sensitive meta‐device based on GaN/graphene vdW heterojunctions integrated with a metasurface. Notably, it is discovered that the conductivity of the vdW heterojunctions increases rapidly when it is excited by a thermal signal, resulting in a significant change in the relative phase retardation as well as amplitude modulation of an incident THz wave. Then a continuous wavelet transform is used instead of the traditional Fourier transform, and the two‐dimensional wavelet coefficient card is built to achieve fast detection over a wider range of temperature. Simultaneously, the variation of temperature dynamically controls the contributions of the multipoles, eventually determining the active switching of exotic anapoles with extreme non‐radiative confinement to highly radiative electric dipoles. This work offers the possibility of designing novel chip‐scale multifunctional thermal tuning devices and promotes the potential application of active micro‐nanophotonic devices in temperature sensors, terahertz modulators, and dynamic near‐field imaging.
IL‐33 Facilitates Fibro‐Adipogenic Progenitors to Establish the Pro‐Regenerative Niche after Muscle Injury
Authors: Zhang Congcong , Li Guoqi , Zhang Fan , Zhang Yanhong , Hong Shiyao , Gao Shijuan , Liu Yan , Du Jie , Li Yulin
Published: July 2024

During the process of muscle regeneration post‐injury in adults, muscle stem cells (MuSCs) function is facilitated by neighboring cells within the pro‐regenerative niche. However, the precise mechanism triggering the initiation of signaling in the pro‐regenerative niche remains unknown. Using single‐cell RNA sequencing, 14 different muscle cells are comprehensively mapped during the initial stage following injury. Among these, macrophages and fibro‐adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) exhibit the most pronounced intercellular communication with other cells. In the FAP subclusters, the study identifies an activated FAP phenotype that secretes chemokines, such as CXCL1, CXCL5, CCL2, and CCL7, to recruit macrophages after injury. Il1rl1, encoding the protein of the interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) receptor, is identified as a highly expressed signature surface marker of the FAP phenotype. Following muscle injury, autocrine IL‐33, an alarmin, has been observed to activate quiescent FAPs toward this inflammatory phenotype through the IL1RL1‐MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway. Il1rl1 deficiency results in decreased chemokine expression and recruitment of macrophages, accompanied by impaired muscle regeneration. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism involving the IL‐33/IL1RL1 signaling pathway in promoting the activation of FAPs and facilitating muscle regeneration, which can aid the development of therapeutic strategies for muscle‐related disorders and injuries.
High Defect Tolerance in Heavy‐Band Thermoelectrics
Authors: Lou Qianhui , Gao Ziheng , Han Shen , Liu Feng , Fu Chenguang , Zhu Tiejun
Published: July 2024

The insensitivity of thermoelectric (TE) performance to defects and impurities induced by off‐stoichiometry or low‐purity raw elements is crucial for the low‐cost mass production of highly efficient TE materials. Here it is demonstrated that heavy‐band TE materials with high optimized carrier concentration can exhibit a high tolerance against the off‐stoichiometry in their composition. Using the heavy‐band half‐Heusler compounds as examples, it is found that for ZrNiSn with optimal carrier concentration, the off‐stoichiometry of the nominal composition in between ±5% only results in a fluctuation of its peak zT value less than 10%. A composition‐zT phase diagram is thus established, guiding the exploration of a wide nominal composition region with peak zT values exceeding 1.0. The high defect tolerance observed in heavy‐band TE materials enables the achievement of high TE performance using low‐purity raw elements. As demonstrated in several systems, including n‐type ZrNi(Sn, Sb), (Zr, Nb)CoSb, and p‐type ZrCo(Sb, Sn), comparable zT values are attained when utilizing low‐purity raw elements (≈99.5%), instead of the high‐purity ones (99.95–99.999%), leading to substantial cost saving. These findings highlight the importance of understanding defect tolerance in TE materials, which could offer an additional advantage for their practical applications.
Fluorescence‐activated screening of polyester‐depolymerizing enzymes based on pseudo‐PET polythioester plastics
Authors: Wang Yuanbo , Zhou Jie , Qiu Canhao , Wang Lei , Zheng Shiyue , Peng Junqian , Lu Sheng , Wang Fang , Yu Ziyi , Dong Weiliang , Jiang Min , Chen Xiaoqiang
Published: July 2024

While fluorescence‐based high‐throughput screening (HTS) has been valuable for identifying enzymes and microorganisms for polyethylene terephthalate (PET) depolymerization, the traditional approach relies on cleaving ester bonds in small‐molecule probes, limiting its ability to directly detect activity towards polymeric PET substrates. This study proposes a novel fluorescence‐based screening strategy for detecting the release of sulfhydryl groups during the depolymerization of pseudo‐PET polythioesters by polyester hydrolases. The strategy successfully identifies the polyester‐depolymerizing activity of leaf‐branch compost cutinase (LCCICCG), whereas porcine liver esterase (PLE) only hydrolyses small molecular substrates. Furthermore, the strategy can be integrated with a droplet microfluidic system for high‐throughput screening of LCCICCG. This work further demonstrates the applicability of the microplate reader platform for screening polyester‐depolymerizing bacteria. This novel fluorescence‐based approach offers an efficient strategy to identify enzymes and microbial resources for depolymerizing polyester‐like plastics.
Mussel‐inspired stretchable, anti‐fatigue, self‐healing and biocompatible hydrogel adhesives
Authors: Zhang Kaiyi , Yang Sheng'ao , Liu Yinghua , Teng Hao , Zhang Yifan , Luo Faliang
Published: July 2024

Hydrogels can form physically or chemically interactions with tissues and are widely used in the design of bioadhesive material. Polydopamine (PDA)/polyacrylamide (PAM)‐based adhesion hydrogels have emerged as one of the hydrogel adhesive materials with great potential for development. However, this type of hydrogel has low mechanical and adhesion properties, which has certain limitations in practical applications. Herein, inspired by the mussel adhesion mechanism, we introduced PDA into PAM/3‐aminophenylboronic acid grafted sodium alginate (SA‐PBA) double network system prepared a series of adhesive hydrogels, PDA was crosslinked by dynamic boronic ester bonds with SA‐PBA. The experimental results established that the hydrogels have favorable adhesive, anti‐fatigue, stretchable, and self‐healing properties. Cytocompatibility assay and in vitro hemolysis assay also indicated that the multifunctional hydrogel has excellent cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility.
Interplay of Size and Magnetic Effects in Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Activity of Sub‐10 nm NiOx Supported Porous Hard‐Carbons
Authors: Yadav Subham , Baghel Niranjan S. , Sarkar Shaibal K. , Subramaniam Chandramouli
Published: July 2024

This report describes a systematic approach for precise engineering of a catalyst‐metal oxide interface through combining complementary approaches of chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition. Specifically, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) fabricated nanostructured hard‐carbon framework (NCF) is employed as synergistic support for precise deposition of NiOx particles through Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). The three variants of NCF‐NiOx system (dimensions ranging from 3–12 nm, surface coverage ranging from 0.14 %–2 %) achieved exhibit unique electrocatalytic water oxidation activities, that are further strongly influenced by an external magnetic field (Hext). This confluence of size engineering and associated magnetic field effects interplay to produce the largest lowering in Rct at Hext=200 mT. A comprehensive analysis of electrocatalytic parameters including the Tafel slope and double layer capacitance establishes further insights on co‐relation of size effect and magnetic properties to understand the role of nanocarbon supported transition metal oxides in water electrolysis.
Cold Moves: Cryogenics in Indo‐German Research Networks**
Authors: Wittje Roland
Published: July 2024

By unravelling the complexities and dynamics of a collaboration between scientists in India and West Germany to establish a cryogenic network, this paper intends to contribute to our understanding of the transnational movement of research technologies during the Cold War. In 1971, a cryogenic laboratory including a helium and a nitrogen liquefier was set up at the physics department of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras as part of the Indo‐German partnership at IIT Madras between 1959 and 1974. As a generic research technology with many applications, cryogenics became crucial for a solid state research agenda for semiconductor development. After initial difficulties, Ramaswami Srinivasan at IIT Madras and Gustav Klipping of the Fritz Haber Institute in Berlin built a successful collaboration based on mutual trust and on Indian and German scientists travelling and working in each other's laboratories. If the initial motivation of the Indo‐German partnership was informed by the logic of Cold War development policy, Klipping and Srinivasan developed their collaboration into a vibrant cryogenic research network around different actors, instruments, and skills moving between India and the Federal Republic of Germany.
Analysis of the efficacy and adverse effects of nusinersen in the treatment of children with spinal muscular atrophy in China
Authors: Li Dan , Yang Jie , Wang Xueying , Yang Lin , Luo Rong , Huang Shaoping
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study was based on a retrospective clinical observational cohort study of a two‐center application of nusinersen in China to evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of nusinersen in the treatment of SMA (spinal muscular atrophy) Types 1–3.

Methods

Clinical data from children with clinically and genetically confirmed 5qSMA from a double center in western China (the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University and the Second Hospital of West China of Sichuan University). All children were younger than 18 years of age. Patients were assessed for motor function and underwent blood and fluid tests before each nusinersen injection.

Results

At 14‐month follow‐up, 100% of children had improved their HFMSE (Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded) score, 83.6% had improved their CHOP INTEND (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders) score, and 66.6% had improved their RULM (Revised Upper Limb Module) score by ≥3 points from baseline, and their 6MWT (6‐min walk test) was 216.00 ± 52.08 m longer than at baseline. The age of the child at the start of treatment was negatively correlated with the clinical efficacy of nusinersen; the younger the child, the better the response to treatment. No significant adverse effects affecting the treatment and quality of life of the child were observed during the treatment of SMA with nusinersen.

Conclusion

This study concluded that nusinersen is clinically beneficial for children with SMA in western China, with mild adverse effects.
Synthesis, Characterization, DNA binding, Biological Significance, and Molecular Docking Approaches of a Palladium(II) Complex with Ciprofloxacin for More Efficient Therapy
Authors: Seddik Ramy G. , Rashidi Fatma B. , Salah‐Eldin Doaa S. , Shoukry Azza A.
Published: July 2024

To evaluate the biotransformation and the mechanism of binding as well as the biological impact of metal‐based‐ drugs involving Pd(II), known to have high potency and low toxicity for use as anticancer therapeutics, in the present study, a newly synthesized palladium (II) complex, [Pd(CPF)(OH2)2]2+ (where CPF is ciprofloxacin), has been synthesized and characterized and thoroughly evaluated for its antimicrobial properties. The interaction of the diaqua complex with CT‐DNA and BSA was studied through various techniques, including UV‐vis spectroscopy, thermal denaturation, viscometry, gel electrophoresis, ethanol precipitation, and molecular docking studies. The results indicate that the complex exhibits a robust binding interaction with CT‐DNA, possibly via minor groove binding and (or) electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, the complex displays good binding affinity towards BSA, indicating its potential as a target for DNA and BSA in biological media. The invitro cytotoxicity assay reveals that this complex can be classified as a promising cell growth inhibitor against MCF‐7, HT‐29, and A549. Thus, this newly synthesized palladium (II) complex is a promising candidate for further exploration as a potential anticancer therapeutic.
Three New Polyprenylated Benzophenone Derivatives Isolated from Clusia burle‐marxii
Authors: do Carmo C. Silva Maria , Carvalho Fernanda V. , Ferreira Antonio G. , Venâncio Tiago , da Silva Maria Fátima G. F. , Silva Victor Diogenes A. , Costa Silvia L. , Ferraz Caline G. , Ribeiro Paulo R.
Published: July 2024

Three new polyprenylated benzophenone derivatives named burlemarxiones G−I (1‐3) were isolated from C. burle‐marxii trunks (compound 1) and leaves (compounds 2 and 3), along with the known compound burlemarxione F. Burlemarxione G (1) was isolated after methylation with diazomethane and it is the keto‐enol tautomeric pair of burlemarxione F. Burlemarxione H (2) derives from burlemarxiones F and G, but it has additional rings due to cyclization of the prenyl group attached to C‐5 that establishes new single bonds between C‐1 and C‐23, as well as, between C‐24 and C‐29. Burlemarxione I (3) has two additional cyclizations: the first encompasses the cyclization of the former isopentenyl group into an 11,11‐dimethyl‐six‐membered ring, whereas the second produces additional rings due to the cyclization of the prenyl group attached to C‐5 that establishes new single bonds between C‐1 and C‐23, as well as, between C‐24 and C‐29. All three compounds showed moderate anti‐glioma activity. These results show that C. burle‐marxii is an important source of sophisticated polyprenylated benzophenone derivatives.
Photocatalytic Synthesis and Functionalization of Sulfones, Sulfonamides and Sulfoximines
Authors: Garrido‐González José J. , Medrano‐Uribe Katy , Rosso Cristian , Humbrías‐Martín Jorge , Dell'Amico Luca
Published: July 2024

Sulfur(VI)‐based functional groups are popular scaffolds in a wide variety of research fields including synthetic and medicinal chemistry, as well as chemical biology. The growing interest in sulfur(VI)‐containing molecules has motivated the scientific community to explore new methods to synthesize and modify them. Here, photocatalysis plays a key role granting access to new types of reactivity under mild reaction conditions. In this Perspective, we present a selection of works reported in the last six years focused on the photocatalytic assembly and reactivity of sulfones, sulfonamides, and sulfoximines. We addressed the key synthetic intermediates for each transformation, while discussing limitations and strength points of the protocols. Future directions of the field are finally presented.
Unlocking Selective Anticancer Mechanisms: Dinuclear Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Mimetics Combined with Pt(II) Complexes
Authors: Squarcina Andrea , Maier Philipp , Vignane Thibaut , Senft Laura , Filipovic Milos R. , Ivanović‐Burmazović Ivana
Published: July 2024

We conducted an in‐depth exploration of the in vitro activities of the dinuclear Mn2L2Ac and Mn2L2 complexes (where HL=2‐{[di(2‐pyridyl)methylamino]‐methyl}phenol), possessing dual superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity.

We investigated these complexes both individually and in conjunction with various Pt(II)‐complexes, either as mixtures or as the Mn2‐Pt adducts. Our findings revealed a notable up to 50 % enhancement in the viability of healthy human breast cells, contrasted with a viability decrease as low as 50 % in breast cancer cells upon combined treatments with Mn2 SOD mimics and Pt(II) complexes. Specifically, we synthesized and characterized the self‐assembled Mn2‐Pt adducts (isolated Mn2L2Pt and in situ Mn2L2Pt’), linking Mn2L2‐core with the carboxylate group of PtDAPCl2 (dichloro(2,3‐diaminopropionic acid) platinum(II)). The SOD activity of the isolated Mn2L2Pt adduct (kSOD=1.7×107 M−1 s−1) remained intact. Through in vitro cell viability assessments, ROS levels, cellular Mn uptake and proteomics measurements, we elucidated key mechanisms underlying the observed biological effects. We demonstrated that Mn2‐containing formulations predominantly target mitochondrial processes, differently affecting the proteome of cancerous and healthy cells. They induced downregulation of H2S signaling and expression of mitochondrial complex I and III, as well as increased oxidative phosphorylation pathways and upregulation of EGFR in cancer cells. In contrast, healthy cells showed a decrease in EGFR expression and a moderate enrichment in oxidative phosphorylation pathways.
Transcriptome analysis of the molecular basis of 11‐eicosenoic acid‐mediated salt stress tolerance in rice
Authors: Dong Shiqing , He Juan , Luo Yuming , Han Xiaokang
Published: July 2024

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic factors severely hampering rice production. Fatty acids play a crucial role in plants response to such stress. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of unsaturated fatty acid (11‐eicosenoic acid [EA]) to enhance salt tolerance in rice, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our study indicates that the exogenous application of EA could alleviate salt stress‐induced damage as well as improve the survival rate of rice seedlings. Transcriptome analysis was performed following treatment of rice seedlings with EA, NaCl, and NaCl + EA. The results showed that there were 4970, 11, 304, and 4735 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NaCl versus CK, EA versus CK, NaCl + EA versus NaCl, and NaCl + EA versus CK, respectively. Notably, pathways such as unsaturated fatty acid metabolism, diterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis, and phytohormone signal transduction were significantly enriched in NaCl + EA versus NaCl. Specifically, genes related to ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, gibberellin signaling, and fatty acid metabolism were implicated in the mitigation effect of EA on salt stress in rice. Furthermore, DEGs involved in rice diterpenoid biosynthesis were analyzed in detail, revealing that EA induced the biosynthesis of multiple diterpenoids. Metabolomic analysis showed that the levels of various fatty acids, phytohormones, and terpenes increased. The presented data may serve as a useful guide for further exploration of the various biological functions of EA in enhancing plant resilience to salt stress. Additionally, it offers a valuable list of genes for the development of crop plants with improved salt resistance.
Optimization of resource allocation in 5G networks: A network slicing approach with hybrid NOMA for enhanced uRLLC and eMBB coexistence
Authors: Chandra Sekhar Rebba , Singh Poonam
Published: July 2024

Traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) and spectrum sharing methods struggle to provide the diverse quality of service (QoS) demands for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra‐reliable low latency communications (uRLLC), and massive machine type communications (mMTC) leading to suboptimal performance and service quality degradation. Single‐carrier‐non‐orthogonal multiple access (SC‐NOMA) appears to be a more optimized solution. It can serve multiple users simultaneously on the same time‐frequency resources. This approach offers both enhanced spectrum efficiency and meets the QoS requirements for the coexistence of eMBB, uRLLC, and mMTC. However, SC‐NOMA has some drawbacks. Decoding a user's signal involves a complex successive interference cancellation (SIC) process that gets harder with more users causing delays and errors. Additionally, strong user signals can interfere with weaker ones, limiting the number of users per channel. In order to overcome the drawbacks associated with OMA and SC‐NOMA, this paper introduces a new method called user‐paired NOMA (hybrid NOMA). Hybrid NOMA adopts a strategic approach, employing two user pairing techniques: near‐far/far‐near (NF‐FN) and near‐near/far‐far (NN‐FF). NF‐FN pairing prioritizes users with similar signal strengths but different distances from the base station. This minimizes interference for the weaker user during SIC. NN‐FF pairing, on the other hand, groups users with similar signal strengths and proximity. This approach further simplifies SIC and minimizes potential interference altogether. The simulation results demonstrate trade‐offs between eMBB and uRLLC performance. OMA suffers with dedicated resource allocation, while SC‐NOMA balances performance but experiences interference. NN‐FF prioritizes eMBB and offers best latency, while NF‐FN prioritizes uRLLC with high spectral efficiency but suffers from higher latency. Finally, by providing a thorough grasp of how hybrid NOMA resource allocation works to improve the performance of various use cases, this research makes a significant contribution to the field of 5G spectrum optimization.
Lifestyle and psychosocial associations with cognition at the cusp of midlife using twins and siblings
Authors: Zheng Anqing , Friedman Naomi P. , Gustavson Daniel E. , Corley Robin P. , Wadsworth Sally J. , Reynolds Chandra A.
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

This study investigates the relationship between cognitive functioning and 59 modifiable and intrinsic factors at the cusp of midlife.

METHODS

We analyzed data from 1221 participants in the Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging (CATSLife; Mage = 33.20, %Female = 52.74). We assessed the impact of 59 factors on cognitive functioning using regularized regression and co‐twin control models, controlling for earlier‐life cognitive functioning and gray matter volume.

RESULTS

Eight robust factors were identified, including education attainment, cognitive complexity, purpose‐in‐life, and smoking status. Twins reporting higher levels of cognitive complexity and purpose‐in‐life showed better cognitive performance than their cotwin, while smoking was negatively associated. Using meta‐analytically derived effect size threshold, we additionally identified that twins experiencing more financial difficulty tend to perform less well compared with their cotwin.

DISCUSSION

The findings highlight the early midlife link between cognitive functioning and lifestyle/psychological factors, beyond prior cognitive performance, brain status, genetic and familial confounders. Our results further highlight the potential of established adulthood as a crucial window for dementia prevention interventions targeting lifestyle and psychosocial factors.

Highlights

Cog complexity(+), purpose‐in‐life(+) were associated with cognition in early midlife.

Smoking(−) was also associated with cognition in early midlife.

Results were consistent controlling for genetic and environmental confounds.

Association between EA and cognition might be mostly genetic and familial confounded.
Humidity modifies species‐specific and age‐dependent heat stress effects in an insect host‐parasitoid interaction
Authors: Li Dongbo , Brough Benjamin , Rees Jasper W. , Coste Christophe F. D. , Yuan Chenggui , Fowler Mike S. , Sait Steven M.
Published: July 2024

Climate change is projected to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events, and may increase humidity levels, leading to coupled thermal and hydric stress. However, how humidity modulates the impacts of heat stress on species and their interactions is currently unknown. Using an insect host‐parasitoid interaction: the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, and its endoparasitoid wasp, Venturia canescens, we investigated how humidity interacted with heat stress duration, applied at different host developmental stages, to affect life history traits. Hosts parasitized as 4th instar larvae and unparasitized hosts were maintained in high‐ (60.8% RH) or low‐humidity (32.5% RH) at constant 28°C. They were then exposed to a 38°C thermal stress with a duration of 0 (no heat stress), 6 or 72 h in either the 4th or 5th host instar. Neither humidity nor heat stress duration affected emergence of unparasitized hosts, but increasing heat stress duration during the 4th instar decreased parasitoid emergence irrespective of humidity. When applied during the 5th instar, increasing heat duration decreased parasitoid emergence under low humidity, but no effect of heat stress was found under high humidity. Moreover, experiencing longer heat stress in the 4th instar increased host larval development time and decreased body size under high humidity, but this effect differed under low humidity; increasing heat duration in the 5th instar decreased parasitoid body sizes only under low humidity. Larval stage and heat stress duration directly affected parasitized host survival time, with a concomitant indirect reduction of parasitoid sizes. We show that humidity modifies key life history responses of hosts and parasitoids to heat stress in species‐specific ways, highlighting the potential importance of humidity in regulating host‐parasitoid interactions and their population dynamics. Finally, we emphasize that interactions between environmental stressors need to be considered in climate change research.
How to improve the results of community college transfers
Authors: May Rachel
Published: July 2024

Community colleges can offer access to “social mobility” via bachelor's degree “attainment for students and communities who have not had accessible and affordable pathways,” write the authors of two new companion studies, but, they find, these pathways are “ineffective, inequitable, and not improving fast enough.”
Revealing the Structural, Electronic, Optical, and Thermoelectric Aspects of the Gold‐Based Double Perovskites X2Au+Au3+Br6 (X = Cs, Rb) Using a First‐Principles Approach
Authors: Niaz Shanawer , Shah Syed Zuhair Abbas , Khan Muhammad Aslam , Parveen Amna , Hussain Safdar , Liaqat Aiman , Nassani Abdelmohsen A.
Published: July 2024

Lead‐free double perovskites are now assumed to be suitable candidates for green energy harvesting in particular as active materials for solar cells and thermoelectric generators, which can meet future generation energy needs. Therefore, we explore the Au‐based halide double perovskites X2Au+Au3+Br6 (X = Cs, Rb) from the first principles approach. Density functional theory (DFT) is utilized to explore the electronic structure with DFT code Quantum ESPRESSO. The mechanical, thermodynamic, and structural stability is ensured from Burn‐Haun criterion, formation energies, and Goldschmidt factors, respectively. The examined materials have stable structures with direct band gaps i.e. 1.54 and 1.72 eV. The existence of band gaps in the visible region motivates us to explore the optical properties, which give fascinating outcomes. The absorption coefficients and optical conductivity peaks are found to be significant in the visible region i.e., ≈104 cm−1 and ≈1015 s−1, respectively. Additionally, the thermoelectric properties are also investigated using Boltzmann transport theory. There are several good gestures for the usage in the thermoelectric generators since the values of Seebeck coefficients (446.5, and 225.2 μV K−1), power factors (1.75 × 1011 W mk−2 s, and 1.24 × 1011 W mk−2 s), and figure of merits (0.92 and 0.73) are noteworthy for Cs2AuAuBr6 and Rb2AuAuBr6, respectively, at room temperature T = 300 K.
A fault diagnosis method of hot spots for photovoltaic clusters based on model parameters
Authors: Xiaoni Chi , Wei Dong , He Yunxiao , Shen Minxiang
Published: July 2024

Utilizing the direct current‐side electrical data resources of the photovoltaic power generation system on the FusionSolar platform, this study investigates the impact of hot spot faults on the output characteristics of photovoltaic strings and proposes a hot spot fault diagnosis method based on time series waveform characteristics. By analyzing the mechanisms of hot spot generation and evolution, as well as the characteristic differences in I–V curves and time series compared to other types of faults, the waveform variation patterns of hot spots in current and voltage time series are obtained. A function form suitable for hot spot fault waveform characteristics in time series graphs is constructed, and fault diagnosis feature vectors are extracted. Combining field operation and maintenance experience, a fuzzy reasoning fault diagnosis system is established to determine the causes and estimate the severity of hot spot faults. Experimental results indicate that hot spot faults have unique and corresponding variations in the current/voltage time series waveforms of the string output. The constructed function form can clearly represent the waveform variation patterns, and the established fuzzy reasoning system can achieve effective and reliable diagnosis of hot spot faults.
Potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers of gastric cancer
Authors: Mohammed Ousman , Gizaw Solomon Tebeje , Degef Maria
Published: July 2024

Background

Gastric cancer (GC), a malignant epithelial tumor, is the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Therapeutic strategies for GC, despite the biggest challenges, can significantly improve survival rates through early detection and effective screening methods.

Aim

To provide brief information on the necessity of multiple specific diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive markers for GC.

Methods

This review was conducted using a variety of search engines, including PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and others.

Results

Some potential biomarkers that provide essential information include circulating tumor cells (CTCs), DNA methylation, claudin 18.2, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), microRNAs, and serum pepsinogens.

Conclusion

Multiple tumor markers are essential for screening, tumor identification, staging, prognostic assessment, and monitoring recurrence after therapy due to the absence of a single tumor indicator for diagnosing, prognosticating, and predicting GC.
Development of a coupled surface water–groundwater model for the spatiotemporal simulation of river–aquifer interactions
Authors: Al‐Suraifi Abbas Rasool , Shirinabadi Reza , Rabiefar Hamidreza , Najarchi Mohsen
Published: July 2024

Integrating surface and groundwater use is a crucial part of water management. When one type of water is depleted, the other follows suit because of the constant movement and interaction between them. Therefore, the primary objective of this research is to establish a method by which the water evaluation and planning system (WEAP) surface water model and the MODFLOW groundwater model can communicate with one another. This article aims to demonstrate the interdependence of groundwater and surface water. Here, we use MODFLOW to model the saturated soil region and the soil moisture method to model the unsaturated soil region. The interaction between surface water and groundwater will affect the region's water resources and how they will operate under the continuance of existing practices. The simulation of saturated and unsaturated soil zones using a connected model of surface and groundwater employing all the hydroclimatology balance components is one of the most significant accomplishments of this research. The findings show that the (Iran) Sonqor Plain's maximum aquifer recharge throughout the months of November to May during a period of 30 years (October 1991 to September 2020) ranges between 1.5 and 2.6 million m³. A lack of recharge from irrigation water infiltration occurs in some of these months in addition to rain. The highest rate of groundwater level increase in this area is 4.5 m yr⁻¹ as a result of the distribution of irrigation water provided from the dam in the north‐western region.
Catalytic cracking of oleic acid to generate aviation kerosene using platinum–modified ZSM–5 nanosheets
Authors: Liu Haoyu , Ma Jingye , Yuan Hong , Shi Xiang
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

A series of Pt@NZSM–5 and Pt/NZSM–5 nanosheets having different Si/Al ratios were prepared via an in situ synthesis and impregnation method, respectively, using C22H45–N+(CH3)2–C6H12–N+(CH3)2–C6H13 (C22–6–6) as the template agent. The oleic acid decarboxylation reaction was carried out using these materials under CO2 atmosphere and the oleic acid cracking mechanism was inferred from the product distribution of the C8‐C17 alkanes.

RESULTS

The Pt@NZSM–5 and Pt/NZSM–5 was found to comprise thinner nanosheets and exhibited strong metal–substrate interactions. Pt@NZSM–5 nanosheets with a Si/Al molar ratio of 100 had thicknesses of only 8–9 nm along with a mesopore/micropore capacity ratio of 2.7, an acid content of 11 cm3/g STP and a high Pt0/PtOx ratio.

CONCLUSION

The Pt@NZSM‐5 and Pt/NZSM‐5 nanosheets had an interconnected hierarchical system and a large number of metal active sites that facilitated the decarboxylation of oleic acid. The Pt@NZSM–5 nanosheets demonstrated excellent catalytic activity during the cracking of oleic acid under a CO2 atmosphere, giving a yield of C8–C17 alkanes as high as 83.8% after 5 h at 320 °C. These Pt@NZSM–5 nanosheets also showed greater stability than the Pt/NZSM–5 specimens. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Subchondral bone: An emerging target for the treatment of articular surface lesions of the knee
Authors: Sangiorgio Alessandro , Andriolo Luca , Gersoff Wayne , Kon Elizaveta , Nakamura Norimasa , Nehrer Stefan , Vannini Francesca , Filardo Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Purpose

When dealing with the health status of the knee articular surface, the entire osteochondral unit has gained increasing attention, and in particular the subchondral bone, which plays a key role in the integrity of the osteochondral unit. The aim of this article was to discuss the current evidence on the role of the subchondral bone.

Methods

Experts from different geographical regions were involved in performing a review on highly discussed topics about the subchondral bone, ranging from its etiopathogenetic role in joint degeneration processes to its prognostic role in chondral and osteochondral defects, up to treatment strategies to address both the subchondral bone and the articular surface.

Discussion

Subchondral bone has a central role both from an aetiologic point of view and as a diagnostic tool, and its status was found to be relevant also as a prognostic factor in the follow‐up of chondral treatment. Finally, the recognition of its importance in the natural history of these lesions led to consider subchondral bone as a treatment target, with the development of osteochondral scaffolds and procedures to specifically address osteochondral lesions.

Conclusion

Subchondral bone plays a central role in articular surface lesions from different points of view. Several aspects still need to be understood, but a growing interest in subchondral bone is to be expected in the upcoming future towards the optimization of joint preservation strategies.

Level of Evidence

Level V, expert opinion.
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act and workplace genetic testing: Knowledge and perceptions of employed adults in the United States
Authors: Willard Lindsay , Uhlmann Wendy , Prince Anya E. R. , Blasco Drew , Pal Subhamoy , Roberts J. Scott ,   for the INSIGHT @ Work Consortium
Published: July 2024

Workplace wellness programs are an emerging avenue for health‐related genetic testing, with some large employers now offering such testing to employees. Employees' knowledge and concerns regarding genetic discrimination may impact their decision‐making about and uptake of workplace genetic testing (wGT). This study describes employed adults' objective knowledge of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) and evaluates how this knowledge correlates with attitudes and beliefs regarding wGT. Analyses utilized data from a large, national web‐based survey of employed adults (N = 2000; mean age = 43 years; 51% female; 55.2% college educated). Overall, most respondents (57.3%) said they were unaware of any laws protecting against genetic discrimination. Specifically, 62.6% indicated they were not at all familiar with GINA. The primary study outcome was respondents' score on a 13‐item measure assessing knowledge of basic facts about GINA. Participants had low overall GINA knowledge (M = 4.6/13 items correct (35%), SD = 2.9), with employees often presuming GINA offers greater legal protections than it does (e.g., 45.3% erroneously endorsed that GINA protected against discrimination in life insurance). Logistic regression analyses assessed associations between GINA knowledge and employees' demographic characteristics, prior experience with genetic testing, and attitudes regarding wGT. Variables significantly associated with GINA knowledge included higher interest in wGT (aOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.77), self‐reported familiarity with GINA (aOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.64, 2.50), and favorable attitudes toward wGT (aOR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.52, 2.44). Results indicate public knowledge of GINA remains low over 15 years after its passage. These findings highlight the need for employee education on GINA before participating in wGT, as well as broader public education on GINA's legal protections and limitations. Genetic counselors lead GINA education efforts in clinical and public settings and can play a pivotal role in ongoing public education initiatives about GINA.
Study of Manipulative In Situ Pore‐Formation upon Polymeric Coating on Cylindrical Substrate for Sustained Drug Delivery
Authors: Wei Hao , Lin Ping , Shi Baozhang , Xu Liping , Yang Xiaoping , Sun Wei
Published: July 2024

Herein, the micro‐porous polylactic acid coating applied on the surface of the cylindrical substrate is fabricated by a novel in situ pore‐formation strategy based on the combinational effect of breath figure (BF) and vapor‐induced phase separation (VIPS) processes. Under the condition of high environmental humidity, solvent pair of chloroform and dimethylformamide is employed for post‐treatment onto pre‐formed PLA coating to induce the pore‐formation following the mechanism of BF and VIPS, respectively. A composite porous structure with both cellular‐like and bi‐continuous network morphologies is obtained. By tunning the experimental factors including the ratio of the solvent pair, environmental humidity, and temperature, morphological manipulation upon the pore morphology can be facilely achieved based on the control of mechanism transition between BF and VIPS. Paclitaxel is used as a model drug and loaded into the porous coating by the wicking effect of post‐immersion. Coatings with different morphological features show varying drug loading and release capacities. The 28‐day release test reveals dynamic release profiles between different coating samples, with the total release rate ranging from 35.70% to 79.96%. Optimal loading capacity of 19.28 µg cm−2 and 28‐day release rate of 35.70% are achieved for the coating with composite BF‐VIPS structure. This research established a cost‐efficient strategy with high flexibility in the structural manipulation concerning the construction of drug‐eluting coating with the feature of manipulative drug delivery.
Weighted Kato–Ponce inequalities for multiple factors
Authors: Douglas Sean , Grafakos Loukas
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we establish a weighted Kato–Ponce inequality for factors in the endpoint case. Furthermore, we extend the validity of the Kato–Ponce inequality from the class of Schwartz functions to the broader class of functions living in a (weighted) fractional Sobolev space.