bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monetary Policy, Financial Frictions, and Heterogeneous R&D Firms in an Endogenous Growth Model*
Authors: Hori Takeo
Published: June 2019

Motivated by empirical facts, I construct an endogenous growth model in which heterogeneous research and development (R&D) firms are financially constrained and use cash to finance R&D investments. I also examine the optimal monetary policy. The effects of financial constraint crucially depend on whether R&D firms are homogeneous or heterogeneous regarding R&D productivity. If R&D firms are homogeneous, then the zero nominal interest rate (i.e., the Friedman rule) is always optimal under severe financial constraint. Heterogeneity in R&D productivity leads to the opposite result. With heterogeneity, severe financial constraint makes the strictly positive nominal interest rate welfare‐improving under a plausible condition.
Estimation of the marginal expected shortfall under asymptotic independence
Authors: Cai Juan‐Juan , Musta Eni
Published: June 2019

We study the asymptotic behavior of the marginal expected shortfall when the two random variables are asymptotic independent but positively associated, which is modeled by the so‐called tail dependent coefficient. We construct an estimator of the marginal expected shortfall, which is shown to be asymptotically normal. The finite sample performance of the estimator is investigated in a small simulation study. The method is also applied to estimate the expected amount of rainfall at a weather station given that there is a once every 100 years rainfall at another weather station nearby.
An interdisciplinary examination of attentional focus strategies used during running gait retraining
Authors: Moore Isabel S. , Phillips Daniel J. , Ashford Kelly J. , Mullen Richard , Goom Thomas , Gittoes Marianne R. J.
Published: May 2019

The aim was to investigate the biomechanical, physiological, and perceptual responses to different motor learning strategies derived to elicit a flatter foot contact. Twenty‐eight rearfoot‐striking recreational runners (age 24.9 ± 2.8 years; body mass 78.8 ± 13.6 kg; height 1.79 ± 0.09 m) were matched by age, mass, and height and assigned to one verbal cue group: internal focus of attention (IF), external focus of attention (EF), and a clinically derived condition (CLIN) incorporating an IF followed by an EF statement. Participants completed two treadmill runs at 10 km h−1 for 6 minutes each: normal running (control) followed by the experimental condition (IF, EF, or CLIN). Lower limb kinematics, oxygen consumption (), and central and peripheral ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded for each run. Compared to the control condition, foot angle was reduced in the IF (difference = 5.86°, d = 2.58) and CLIN (difference = 3.00°, d = 1.31) conditions, but unchanged in the EF condition (difference = 0.33°, d = 0.14), while greater knee flexion at initial contact in the EF and CLIN conditions was observed (difference = −5.19°, d = 1.97; difference = −3.66°, d = 1.39, respectively). A higher was observed in the CLIN condition (difference = −4.56 mL kg−1 min−1, d = 2.29), but unchanged in the IF (difference = −1.87 mL kg−1 min−1, d = 0.94) and EF conditions (difference = −0.37 mL kg−1 min−1, d = 0.19). All experimental conditions increased central and peripheral RPE (difference = −1.08, d = 0.54 and difference = −2.39, d = 1.33, respectively). Providing gait retraining instructions using an internally directed focus of attention was the most effective way to target specific changes in running kinematics, with no detrimental effect on physiological responses. Yet, perceptual effort responses increased regardless of the type of cue provided.
Critical developments of 2018: A review of the literature from selected topics in transfusion. A committee report from the AABB's Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee
Authors: Cohn Claudia S. , Allen Elizabeth S. , Cushing Melissa M. , Dunbar Nancy M. , Friedman David F. , Goel Ruchika , Harm Sarak K. , Heddle Nancy , Hopkins Courtney K. , Klapper Ellen , Perumbeti Ajay , Ramsey Glenn , Raval Jay S. , Schwartz Joseph , Shaz Beth H. , Spinella Philip C. , Pagano Monica B.
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

The AABB compiles an annual synopsis of the published literature covering important developments in the field of transfusion medicine. An abridged version of this work is being made available in TRANSFUSION, with the full‐length report available as Appendix S1 (available as supporting information in the online version of this paper).

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Papers published in late 2017 and 2018 are included, as well as earlier papers cited for background. Although this synopsis is comprehensive, it is not exhaustive, and some papers may have been excluded or missed.

RESULTS

The following topics are covered: “big data” and “omics” studies, emerging infections and testing, platelet transfusion and pathogen reduction, transfusion therapy and coagulation, transfusion approach to hemorrhagic shock and mass casualties, therapeutic apheresis, and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy.

CONCLUSION

This synopsis may be a useful educational tool.
Nursing Managers’ Perspectives on the Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Evidence‐Based Management
Authors: Hasanpoor Edris , Siraneh Belete Yibeltal , Janati Ali , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Haghgoshayie Elaheh
Published: June 2019

Background

Evidence‐based health management is defined as a new approach to improve the quality of hospital decisions by systematic application of the best available evidence. To use that, facilitators and barriers to implementation of evidence‐based management (EBMgt) in the decision‐making process need to be identified.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to assess nursing managers’ perspectives on the facilitators and barriers to implementation of EBMgt in Tabriz hospitals, northwest Iran.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study design was used in 2017. The study was conducted in one state in Iran (Tabriz). A total of 276 nursing managers (e.g., matrons, supervisors, & head nurses [HNs]) were invited to participate from the Tabriz hospitals (N = 20); 212 completed and returned the survey, yielding a response rate of 76.81%. The EBMgt assessment questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part includes barriers to EBMgt (five main domains and 46 questions). The second part includes the facilitators of EBMgt (five main domains and 42 questions). Data entry and analysis were carried out using SPSS‐21 software.

Results

Highest mean scores of barriers were observed for “training and research systems” (64.65 ± 12.42). “Lack of communication between knowledge producers and hospital decision‐makers” (68.19 ± 17.32) had highest mean scores among all 46 barriers. Also, the results showed that mean scores for all the barriers were higher than 55. The highest mean scores were observed for “social/interpersonal factors” (65.84 ± 17.07). “Interest and willingness to scientific management principles” (68.62 ± 20.17) had highest mean scores among all 42 facilitators.

Linking Evidence to Action

The aim of EBMgt is to provide the most effective healthcare outcomes. Identifying barriers and facilitators is essential for implementing EBMgt in hospitals. Building the facilitators and eliminating barriers are foundation of EBMgt. Filling the gap between knowledge producers and nursing managers can be a starting point for improvement of the decision‐making process in nursing care.
Mesoscale Analysis of Homogeneous Dislocation Nucleation
Authors: Garg Akanksha , Hasan Asad , Maloney Craig E.
Published: May 2019

We perform atomistic simulations of dislocation nucleation in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) defect-free hexagonal crystals during nanoindentation with circular (2D) or spherical (3D) indenters. The incipient embryo structure in the critical eigenmode of the mesoregions is analyzed to study homogeneous dislocation nucleation. The critical eigenmode or dislocation embryo is found to be localized along a line (or plane in 3D) of atoms with a lateral extent, ξ, at some depth, Y*, below the surface. The lowest energy eigenmode for mesoregions of varying radius, rmeso, centered on the localized region of the critical eigenmode is computed. The energy of the lowest eigenmode, λmeso, decays very rapidly with increasing rmeso and λmeso ≈ 0 for rmeso≳ξ. The analysis of a mesoscale region in the material can reveal the presence of incipient instability even for rmeso≲ξ but gives reasonable estimate for the energy and spatial extent of the critical mode only for rmeso≳ξ. When the mesoregion is not centered at the localized region, we show that the mesoregion should contain a critical part of the embryo (and not only the center of embryo) to reveal instability. This scenario indicates that homogeneous dislocation nucleation is a quasilocal phenomenon. Also, the critical eigenmode for the mesoscale region reveals instability much sooner than the full system eigenmode. We use mesoscale analysis to verify the scaling laws shown previously by Garg and Maloney in 2D [2016, “Universal Scaling Laws for Homogeneous Dissociation Nucleation During Nano-Indentation,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 95, pp. 742–754.] for the size, ξ, and depth from the surface, Y*, of the dislocation embryo with respect to indenter radius, R, in full 3D simulations.
Estimating Antiwear Properties of Ionic Liquids as Lubricant Additives Using a QSTR Model
Authors: Song Ze , Chen Tao , Wang Tingting , Wang Zhan , Gao Xinlei
Published: May 2019

The antiwear properties of ionic liquids (ILs) as lubricant additives were studied with polyethylene glycol (PEG) used as the lubricant base oil. The quantum parameters of the ILs were calculated using a Hartree–Fock ab initio method. Correlation between the scale of the wear scar diameter and quantum parameters of the ILs was studied by multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. A quantitative structure tribo-ability relationship (QSTR) model was built with a good fitting effect and predictive ability. The results show that the entropy of the ILs is the main descriptor affecting the antiwear performance of the lubricant system. To improve the antiwear performance of the lubricants, the entropy of the system should be decreased, reducing the system randomness and increasing the system regularity. A major influencing factor on the entropy of a system is the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds present. Therefore, enhanced antiwear properties of lubricants could be achieved with a three-dimensional netlike structure of lubricant formed by hydrogen bonding.
Optimization of the Energy Consumption Through Spring Balancing of Servo-Actuated Mechanisms
Authors: Richiedei Dario , Trevisani Alberto
Published: June 2019

The ever-growing interest toward energy efficiency imposes the optimization of mechanism design under an energetic point of view. Even if the benefit of using spring balancing systems to reduce energy consumption is intuitive, the relation between spring design and electrical energy consumption has never been systematically addressed in the literature, which is mainly focused on static compensation of gravity forces. This paper tackles this novel and important issue and proposes an analytical method for model-based design of springs minimizing the energy required in rest-to-rest motion. The method relies on the model of energy dissipation that accounts for the characteristics of the mechanical, electrical, and power electronic components of a servo-actuated mechanism. The theory is developed with reference to a single rotating beam. The proposed solution ensures significant energy saving compared with the traditional static balancing design of springs and is particularly suitable for repetitive (cyclic) motion tasks.
Regulation of Cell Behavior by Hydrostatic Pressure
Authors: Liu Shaobao , Tao Ru , Wang Ming , Tian Jin , Genin Guy M. , Lu Tian Jian , Xu Feng
Published: May 2019

Hydrostatic pressure (HP) regulates diverse cell behaviors including differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. Abnormal HP is associated with pathologies including glaucoma and hypertensive fibrotic remodeling. In this review, recent advances in quantifying and predicting how cells respond to HP across several tissue systems are presented, including tissues of the brain, eye, vasculature and bladder, as well as articular cartilage. Finally, some promising directions on the study of cell behaviors regulated by HP are proposed.
Effect of impact pile driving noise on marine mammals: A comparison of different noise exposure criteria
Authors: Stöber Uwe , Thomsen Frank
Published: May 2019

Regulators in Europe and in the United States have developed sound exposure criteria. Criteria range from broadband levels to frequency weighted received sound levels. The associated differences in impact assessment results are, however, not yet understood. This uncertainty makes environmental management of transboundary anthropogenic noise challenging and causes confusion for regulators who need to choose appropriate exposure criteria. In the present study, three established exposure criteria frameworks from Germany, Denmark, and the US were used to analyse the effect of impact pile driving at a location in the Baltic Sea on harbor porpoise and harbor seal hearing. The acoustic modeling using MIKE showed that an unmitigated scenario would lead to auditory injury for all three criteria. Despite readily apparent variances in impact ranges among the applied approaches, it was also evident that noise mitigation measures could reduce underwater sound to levels where auditory injuries would be unlikely in most cases. It was concluded that each of the frameworks has its own advantages and disadvantages. Single noise exposure criteria follow the precautionary principle and can be enforced relatively easily, whereas criteria that consider hearing capabilities and animal response movement can improve the accuracy of the assessment if data are available.
Utilization of CRISPR Interference To Validate MmpL3 as a Drug Target in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: McNeil Matthew B. , Cook Gregory M.
Published: May 2019

There is an urgent need for novel therapeutics to treat
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infections. Genetic strategies for validating novel targets are available, yet their time-consuming nature limits their utility. Here, using MmpL3 as a model target, we report on the application of mycobacterial CRISPR interference for the rapid validation of target essentiality and compound mode of action. This strategy has the potential to rapidly accelerate tuberculosis drug discovery.
Is the Potable Water System an Advantageous Preinfection Niche for Bacteria Colonizing the Cystic Fibrosis Lung?
Authors: Wargo Matthew J.
Published: June 2019

People with cystic fibrosis are susceptible to lung infections from a variety of bacteria, a number of which also reside in the potable water system, including
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
,
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
,
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
,
Burkholderia cepacia
complex, and nontuberculosis
Mycobacteria
. Here, I propose chemical and physical aspects of the potable water system along with bacterial lifestyle strategies in this system that may enhance successful colonization of cystic fibrosis lungs by these bacteria, including iron and copper levels, lipids, and low growth rates within low-oxygen biofilms.
Indole Signaling at the Host-Microbiota-Pathogen Interface
Authors: Kumar Aman , Sperandio Vanessa
Published: June 2019

Pathogens sense and respond to several small molecules within the GI tract to modulate expression of their virulence repertoire. Indole is a signaling molecule produced by the gut microbiota. Here we show that indole concentrations are higher in the lumen, where the microbiota is present, than in the intestinal tissue. The enteric pathogens EHEC and
C. rodentium
sense indole to downregulate expression of their virulence genes, as a read-out of the luminal compartment. We also identified the bacterial membrane-bound HK CpxA as an indole sensor. This regulation ensures that EHEC and
C. rodentium
express their virulence genes only at the epithelial lining, which is the niche they colonize.
Considering the Other Half of the Gut Microbiome: Bacteriophages
Authors: Maurice Corinne F.
Published: June 2019

Bacteriophages, viruses specific to bacteria, regulate bacterial communities in all known microbial systems. My research aims to determine how they interact with the trillions of bacteria found in the human gut.
Determining Microbial Roles in Ecosystem Function: Redefining Microbial Food Webs and Transcending Kingdom Barriers
Authors: Handley Kim M.
Published: June 2019

Microorganisms can have a profound and varying effect on the chemical character of environments and, thereby, ecological health. Their capacity to consume or transform contaminants leads to contrasting outcomes, such as the dissipation of nutrient pollution via denitrification, the breakdown of spilled oil, or eutrophication via primary producer overgrowth.
Multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial comparing intermittent versus daily treatment for non-cavitary nodular/bronchiectaticMycobacterium aviumcomplex lung disease with rifampicin, ethambutol and clarithromycin (iREC): study protocol
Authors: Nakagawa Taku , Hashimoto Hiroya , Yagi Mitsuaki , Kogure Yoshihito , Sekimizu Masahiro , Saito Akiko M , Ogawa Kenji , Inoue Yoshikazu
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Standard treatment for nodular/bronchiectaticMycobacterium aviumcomplex lung disease (NB MAC-LD), excluding severe-status cases, differs between Japan and other countries. Internationally, three-drug combination intermittent treatment (three times a week administration) with macrolide, ethambutol and rifampicin is recommended, but a daily treatment regimen is recommended in Japan. To date, no randomised controlled study directly comparing intermittent treatment with daily treatment has been performed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usefulness of intermittent treatment.

Methods and analysis

A total of 140 patients diagnosed with NB MAC-LD in Japan will be randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to intermittent treatment group or daily treatment group, and three-drug combination therapy with clarithromycin, rifampicin and ethambutol will be continued for 1 year. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients requiring modification of the initial treatment regimen. Secondary endpoints are adverse events, sputum culture conversion, time to sputum culture conversion, improvement of chest CT findings, change in health-related quality of life score and development of clarithromycin resistance.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial was approved by the National Hospital Organisation Review Board for Clinical Trials (Headquarters). The results of this study will be reported at a society meeting or published in a peer-review journal.
Smoke-free legislation and neonatal and infant mortality in Brazil: longitudinal quasi-experimental study
Authors: Hone Thomas , Szklo Andre Salem , Filippidis Filippos T , Laverty Anthony A , Sattamini Isabela , Been Jasper V , Vianna Cristiane , Souza Mirian , de Almeida Liz Maria , Millett Christopher
Published: May 2019

Objective

To examine the associations of partial and comprehensive smoke-free legislation with neonatal and infant mortality in Brazil using a quasi-experimental study design.

Design

Monthly longitudinal (panel) ecological study from January 2000 to December 2016.

Setting

All Brazilian municipalities (n=5565).

Participants

Infant populations.

Intervention

Smoke-free legislation in effect in each municipality and month. Legislation was encoded as basic (allowing smoking areas), partial (segregated smoking rooms) or comprehensive (no smoking in public buildings). Associations were quantified by immediate step and longer term slope/trend changes in outcomes.

Statistical analyses

Municipal-level linear fixed-effects regression models.

Main outcomes measures

Infant and neonatal mortality.

Results

Implementation of partial smoke-free legislation was associated with a −3.3 % (95% CI −6.2% to −0.4%) step reduction in the municipal infant mortality rate, but no step change in neonatal mortality. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation implementation was associated with −5.2 % (95% CI −8.3% to −2.1%) and −3.4 % (95% CI −6.7% to −0.1%) step reductions in infant and neonatal mortality, respectively, and a −0.36 (95% CI −0.66 to−0.06) annual decline in the infant mortality rate. We estimated that had all smoke-free legislation introduced since 2004 been comprehensive, an additional 10 091 infant deaths (95% CI 1196 to 21 761) could have been averted.

Conclusions

Strengthening smoke-free legislation in Brazil is associated with improvements in infant health outcomes—particularly under comprehensive legislation. Governments should accelerate implementation of comprehensive smoke-free legislation to protect infant health and achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal three.
Numerical study for increasement of low frequency sound insulation of double-panel structure using sonic crystals with distributed Helmholtz resonators
Authors: Kim Myong-Jin
Published: May 2019

Numerical simulations of the sound transmission loss (STL) of a double-panel structure (DPS) with sonic crystal (SC) comprised of distributed local resonators are presented. The Local Resonant Sonic Crystal (LRSC) consists of “C”-shaped Helmholtz resonator columns with different resonant frequencies. The finite element method is used to calculate the STL of such a DPS. First, the STLs of LRSC in free space and the DPS with LRSC are calculated and compared. It is shown that the sound insulations of the local resonators inserted in the double panel are higher than that in free space for the same size of the SCs and the same number of columns. Next, STL of the DPS in which the SC composed of three columns of local resonators having the same outer and inner diameters but different slot widths are calculated, and a reasonable arrangement order is determined. Finally, the soundproofing performances of DPS with distributed LRSC are compared with the case of insertion of general cylindrical SC for SC embedded in glass wool and not. The results show that the sound insulation of the DPS can be significantly improved in the low frequency range while reducing the total mass without increasing the thickness.
Ontology and Hybrid Optimization Based SVNN for Privacy Preserved Medical Data Classification in Cloud
Authors: Gomathi N. , Karlekar Nandkishor P.
Published: May 2019

One of the emerging technologies, seeking significant attention in the research area is cloud computing. However, privacy is the major concern in the cloud, as it is essential to manage the confidentiality in the data shared. In the first work, the privacy preservation model was developed by newly designed Kronecker product based Bat algorithm. Here, the previous work is extended by developing the classification algorithm for classifying the privacy preserved database. Initially, the Kronecker product based Bat algorithm finds the privacy preserved database from the original medical data. Then, the ontology based features are extracted from the privacy preserved database and given to the data classifier. Here, a classifier, named Whale based Sine Cosine Algorithm with Support Vector Neural Network (WSCA-SVNN), is newly developed for the data classification. The proposed WSCA algorithm helps in optimally choosing the weights for SVNN classifier, and finally, the WSCA-SVNN classifier classifies the medical data. The simulation of the proposed privacy preserved data classification network is done by utilizing the heart disease database. The analysis shows that the proposed WSCA-SVNN classifier scheme achieved an accuracy value of 90.29% during medical data classification.
Physical Interpretation of Principal Component Analysis for Structural Dynamics Through String Vibration
Authors: Ma Hong-Wei , Lin Yi-Zhou , Nie Zhen-Hua
Published: May 2019

Principal component analysis (PCA) has been successfully applied in structural dynamics in recent years. However, it is usually used as a black-box, resulting in a gap between the application aspect and the physics essence of the problem. Thus a physical interpretation of PCA is necessary, along with further investigation, especially on the mechanism involved. This paper provides a physical meaning of the PCA by the theoretical analysis and numerical experiment on the vibration of a 1D string. Conditions that make the interpretation feasible were identified. The theoretical derivation and numerical simulation results indicate that the PCA gives a good estimation of the modal participation ratio in terms of energy, and the principal component coefficient (PCC) can be used to estimate the structural modes. The physical interpretation gives a new perspective on how the current methods work while providing the possibility of further application of the PCA related methods to structural dynamic problems.
Characterizations of clean elements by means of outer inverses in rings and applications
Authors: Mary Xavier
Published: May 2019

We characterize clean elements in unital and general rings by means of outer inverses. Some special cases, such as both clean and unit-regular elements, or strongly clean elements, are discussed. As an application, we also derive new characterizations of strongly regular elements.
Infrared and visible image fusion method based on rolling guidance filter and NSST
Authors: Zhao Cheng , Huang Yongdong
Published: May 2019

The rolling guidance filtering (RGF) has a good characteristic which can smooth texture and preserve the edges, and non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST) has the features of translation invariance and direction selection based on which a new infrared and visible image fusion method is proposed. Firstly, the rolling guidance filter is used to decompose infrared and visible images into the base and detail layers. Then, the NSST is utilized on the base layer to get the high-frequency coefficients and low-frequency coefficients. The fusion of low-frequency coefficients uses visual saliency map as a fusion rule, and the coefficients of the high-frequency subbands use gradient domain guided filtering (GDGF) and improved Laplacian sum to fuse coefficients. Finally, the fusion of the detail layers combines phase congruency and gradient domain guided filtering as the fusion rule. As a result, the proposed method can not only extract the infrared targets, but also fully preserves the background information of the visible images. Experimental results indicate that our method can achieve a superior performance compared with other fusion methods in both subjective and objective assessments.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES TOWARD RISK: EVIDENCE FROM ENTREPRENUERS IN GHANA AND UGANDA
Authors: ACKAH CHARLES GODFRED , AIKINS ENOCH RANDY , SARPONG THOMAS TWENE , ASUMAN DEREK
Published: May 2019

The literature on risk aversion suggests that women are less likely to be risk loving than men in financial and insurance decision-making by virtue of their sex and biological make-up. This paper tests this assertion using a unique dataset collected in Ghana and Uganda and assesses the gender differences in self-reported risk perceptions of entrepreneurs by applying a non-linear decomposition technique. The results indicate that on average, entrepreneurs in Ghana report to be less risk loving their counterparts in Uganda. Furthermore, female entrepreneurs are less likely to report to be risk loving compared to male entrepreneurs in both countries. The results from the decomposition analysis show that gender differences in risk perceptions arise mainly from the unexplained component. For Ghana in particular, the findings show that the gender differences in self-reported risk perceptions stems from differences in education and previous business experience.
Extremal iota energy of a subclass of bicyclic digraphs and sidigraphs
Authors: Jamal Fareeha , Khan Mehtab
Published: May 2019

The iota energy of an [Formula: see text]-vertex digraph [Formula: see text] is defined by [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] are eigenvalues of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is the imaginary part of eigenvalue [Formula: see text] Recently, this concept of iota energy of digraphs is extended to sidigraphs. The iota energy of a sidigraph is defined in an analogous way. In this paper, we consider a class of digraphs with two linear subdigraphs of equal length and find digraphs in this class with extremal iota energy. Furthermore, we take a similar class of sidigraphs and find minimal and maximal iota energy among the sidigraphs in this class.
Effect of vertex-removal on game total domination numbers
Authors: Charoensitthichai Karnchana , Worawannotai Chalermpong
Published: May 2019

The total domination game is played on a graph [Formula: see text] by two players, named Dominator and Staller. They alternately select vertices of [Formula: see text]; each chosen vertex totally dominates its neighbors. In this game, each chosen vertex must totally dominates at least one new vertex not totally dominated before. The game ends when all vertices in [Formula: see text] are totally dominated. Dominator’s goal is to finish the game as soon as possible, and Staller’s goal is to prolong it as much as possible. The game total domination number is the number of chosen vertices when both players play optimally, denoted by [Formula: see text] when Dominator starts the game and denoted by [Formula: see text] when Staller starts the game. In this paper, we show that for any graph [Formula: see text] and a vertex [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] has no isolated vertex, we have [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Moreover, all such differences can be realized by some connected graphs.
A New Test Function for Acoustic Computations with Meshless Methods
Authors: Dogan Hakan , Ochmann Martin
Published: June 2019

The meshless local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) and the local boundary integral equation (LBIE) methods has been introduced approximately three decades ago. These methods are based on writing the local weak form of the governing equation and performing subsequent numerical integration and interpolations in the local subdomains. A key step is the choice of the test function in the local weak form, which has historically led to several different formulations regarding the final form of the local integrals. Considering the application of the methods to acoustics, four different test functions have been employed so far in the literature; all of these approaches resulted in formulations which contain domain integrals. In this paper, we present a new test function to be used in meshless methods, which yields a simple form of the local integral equation without domain integrals and provides significant improvement in terms of the computational time and CPU requirements. The efficiency and the accuracy of the new method are presented and compared with the previous methods.
Deep structure of the Southern Apennines as imaged by active and passive seismic data along the CROP-04 (crustal) reflection seismic profile
Authors: Savastano L. , Piana Agostinetti N.
Published: May 2019

We combine active and passive seismic data to reconstruct a coherent picture of the deep crust beneath the Southern Apennines orogen. The Southern Apennines collisional setting is characterized by deep structural complexities, which have been here investigated through different seismic data from both active and passive surveys. Several geological reconstructions have been carried out in the last two decades to interpret the detected substructures, but failed to provide a univocal interpretation of the Apennine roots. At present, strong disagreements exist among geologists about the tectonic style of the chain in that portion of the Italian peninsula. In this study, we ﬁrst combine ﬁve passive seismic datasets from the overall available literature and we then project them at relative depths on a co-located active seismic proﬁle (CROP-04). The general aim of the study is to shed light on the Southern Apennines structure at depths greater than 25 km, where, through the adopted approach, an approximate shape of the lower crust and upper mantle structure can be delineated. Our results indicate the following: (1) during the Adriatic slab retreat, the crust along the Tyrrhenian margin was only marginally thinned (Moho depth about 28–30 km), much less than along the Tyrrhenian coast of the Northern Apennines and Calabria (where Moho depth has been found at 20–25 km); (2) the subduction process has locally been stationary for a long time, leading to the complete eclogitization of the subducted crust and total regeneration of the Tyrrhenian Moho; (3) subduction fluids underwent a complete migration out of the mantle wedge, as testified by the high velocities found in the upper mantle below the Moho in the Tyrrhenian region (observed nowhere else in the Apennine subduction setting).

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the ‘Apennines and Tyrrhenian system’ collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/the-apennines-tyrrhenian-system
Redefinition of the Ligurian Units at the Alps–Apennines junction (NW Italy) and their role in the evolution of the Ligurian accretionary wedge: constraints from mélanges and broken formations
Authors: Barbero Edoardo , Festa Andrea , Saccani Emilio , Catanzariti Rita , D'Onofrio Roberta
Published: May 2019

We document that the undifferentiated chaotic Ligurian Units of the Monferrato–Torino Hill sector (MO-TH) at the Alps–Apennines junction consist of three different units that are comparable with the Cassio, Caio and Sporno Units of the External Ligurian Units of the Northern Apennines. Their internal stratigraphy reflects the character of units deposited in an ocean–continent transition (OCT) zone between the northwestern termination of the Ligurian–Piedmont oceanic basin and the thinned passive margin of Adria microcontinent. The inherited wedge-shaped architecture of this OCT, which gradually closed toward the north in the present-day Canavese Zone, controlled the Late Cretaceous–early Eocene flysch deposition at the trench of the External Ligurian accretionary wedge during the oblique subduction. This favoured the formation of an accretionary wedge increasing in thickness and elevation toward the SE, from the MO-TH to the Emilia Northern Apennines. Our results therefore provide significant information on both the palaeogeographical reconstruction of the northwestern termination of the Ligurian–Piedmont oceanic basin and the role played by inherited along-strike variations (stratigraphy, structural architecture and morphology) of OCT zones in controlling subduction–accretionary processes.

Supplementary material:
A spreadsheet with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry whole-rock major and trace element composition of mantle peridotites, and photomicrographs of mantle peridotites are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4519643
Computing isomorphisms and embeddings of finite fields
Authors: Brieulle Ludovic , De Feo Luca , Doliskani Javad , Flori Jean Pierre , Schost Éric
Published: May 2019

Let
q
be a prime power and let F

q

be a field with
q
elements. Let
f
and
g
be irreducible polynomials in F

q

[
X
], with deg
f
dividing deg
g.
Define
k
= F

q

[
X
]/
f
and
K
= F

q

[
X
]/
g
, then there is an embedding
ϕ
:
k
[EQUATION]
K
, unique up to F

q

-automorphisms of
k.
Our goal is to describe algorithms to efficiently represent and evaluate one such embedding.
Gröbner bases and multi-dimensional persistent bifurcation diagram classifications
Authors: Gazor Majid , Hashemi Amir , Kazemi Mahsa
Published: May 2019

The work presented here is motivated by our ongoing project on symbolic bifurcation analysis of multidimensional germs of singularities, say

[EQUATION]

where
z
and λ denote the state variables and a distinguished parameter, respectively. A local solution
Z
(λ) for
f
(
Z
(λ), λ) = 0 is called a
bifurcation diagram.
Any two bifurcation diagrams
Z
1
(λ) and
Z
2
(λ) of
f
(
z
, λ) are called qualitatively equivalent when there exists a diffeomorphism (Φ(
Z
1
, λ
1
), Λ(λ
1
)) transforming the bifurcation diagram
Z
1
(λ
1
) into
Z
2
(λ
2
) = Φ(
Z
1
(Λ
-1
(lD
2
)), Λ
-1
(λ
2
)). Our proposed bifurcation analysis often corresponds to steady state bifurcations of PDEs, static and dynamical systems and occur in many real life and engineering control problems [5]. This will be integrated into the Singularity library [3, 4] as MultiDimSingularities module. Our library provides systematic tools for symbolic treatment of bifurcation analysis of such systems. The classical approach uses root finding and parametric continuation methods through numerical normal form analysis for differential systems with low codimension (degeneracy). The latter fails on comprehensive analysis for a parametric system and for systems with moderate degeneracies. The goal here is to classify the qualitatively different bifurcation diagrams of an
unfolding
germ

[EQUATION],

for
f
(
z
, λ), where α = (α
1
,...,α

p

) are unfolding parameters and
F
(
z
, λ, 0) =
f
(
z
, λ). This classification is feasible via the concept of persistent bifurcation diagrams. A diagram is called
persistent
when it is qualitatively self-equivalent under arbitrarily small perturbations. The idea is to find
non-persistent
sources of bifurcations. Non-persistent sources are divided into three categories:
bifurcation B, hysteresis H and double limit point D
; see [6, Page 410]. The set [EQUATION] is called a
transition local variety
, that is a codimension-1 hyperplane in the parameter space. A
local variety
refers to a neighborhood subset of zeros of a polynomial system. The complement space of this hyperplane consists of a finite number of connected components, say
C
1
, ...,

C
n

. For any
i
and α, β ∈

C
i

, the bifurcation diagrams
Z
(λ, α) and
Z
(λ, β) are qualitatively equivalent. Hence, a choice of bifurcation diagram from each connected component gives rise to a complete list of
persistent bifurcation diagram classifications
for
F
(
z
, λ, α). The RegularChains library in Maple provides a tool through the command CylindricalAlgebraicDecompose enabling us to generate this list; see [1]. However, there usually exist multiple bifurcation diagrams from each connected component

C
i

in the generating list. In this abstract paper, we merely focus on the use of
Gröbner basis
for multi-dimensional persistent bifurcation diagram classifications.
Abstracts of recent doctoral dissertations in computer algebra
Authors: Hu Jiaxiong (Lucas) , Panferov Anton
Published: May 2019

Each quarter we are pleased to present abstracts of recent doctoral dissertations in Computer Algebra and Symbolic Computation. We encourage all recent Ph.D. graduates who have defended in the past two years (and their supervisors), to submit their abstracts for publication in CCA.

Please send abstracts to the CCA editors  for consideration.
Solving the Complexity Problem in the Electronics Production Process by Reducing the Sensitivity of Transmission Line Characteristics to Their Parameter Variations
Authors: Gazizov Talgat R. , Sagiyeva Indira Ye. , Kuksenko Sergey P.
Published: June 2019

In this paper we consider the complexity problem in electronics production process. Particularly, we investigate the ways to reduce sensitivity of transmission line characteristics to their parameter variations. The reduction is shown for the per‐unit‐length delay and characteristic impedance of several modifications of microstrip transmission lines. It can be obtained by means of making an optimal choice of parameter values, enabling proper electric field redistribution in the air and the substrate. To achieve this aim we used an effective simulation technique and software tools. Taken together, for the first time, they have allowed formulating general approach which is relevant to solve a wide range of similar tasks.
A Multimode Dynamic Short‐Term Traffic Flow Grey Prediction Model of High‐Dimension Tensors
Authors: Duan Huiming , Xiao Xinping
Published: June 2019

Short‐term traffic flow prediction is an important theoretical basis for intelligent transportation systems, and traffic flow data contain abundant multimode features and exhibit characteristic spatiotemporal correlations and dynamics. To predict the traffic flow state, it is necessary to design a model that can adapt to changing traffic flow characteristics. Thus, a dynamic tensor rolling nonhomogeneous discrete grey model (DTRNDGM) is proposed. This model achieves rolling prediction by introducing a cycle truncation accumulated generating operation; furthermore, the proposed model is unbiased, and it can perfectly fit nonhomogeneous exponential sequences. In addition, based on the multimode characteristics of traffic flow data tensors and the relationship between the cycle truncation accumulated generating operation and matrix perturbation to determine the cycle of dynamic prediction, the proposed model compensates for the periodic verification of the RSDGM and SGM grey prediction models. Finally, traffic flow data from the main route of Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan, China, are used as an example. The experimental results show that the simulation and prediction results of DTRNDGM are good.
The Achilles Heel of Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors
Authors: Huang Jing , Luo Ji
Published: June 2019

Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) are rare but deadly pediatric tumors characterized by mutations in the SMARCB1/SNF5/INI1/BAF47 gene. Currently, there are no targeted therapies for MRTs. In a previous issue of Cancer Research, Howard and colleagues utilize the power of genome-wide RNAi and CRISPR screening to identify MDM2 and MDM4 as potential drug targets for MRTs. Most MRTs retain an intact p53 pathway and the authors show that these cells are particularly sensitive to MDM2 and MDM4 inhibition due to SMARCB1's role in regulating p53-depedent apoptotic genes. This discovery suggests potential clinical trials of MDM2 inhibitors in patients with MRT.

See related article by Howard and colleagues; Cancer Res 79(9):2404–14.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition with Panobinostat Combined with Intensive Induction Chemotherapy in Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Phase I Study Results
Authors: Wieduwilt Matthew J. , Pawlowska Nela , Thomas Scott , Olin Rebecca , Logan Aaron C. , Damon Lloyd E. , Martin Thomas , Kang McNancy , Sayre Peter H. , Boyer Wanda , Gaensler Karin M.L. , Anderson Kirsten , Munster Pamela N. , Andreadis Charalambos
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat potentiates anthracycline and cytarabine cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. We hypothesized that panobinostat prior to and during induction chemotherapy would be tolerable and augment response in patients showing increased histone acetylation.

Patients and Methods:

Patients received panobinostat 20–60 mg oral daily on days 1, 3, 5, and 8 with daunorubicin 60 mg/m2/day intravenously on days 3 to 5 and cytarabine 100 mg/m2/day intravenously by continuous infusion on days 3 to 9 (“7+3”). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for HDAC expression and histone acetylation changes.

Results:

Twenty-five patients ages 60–85 years (median age, 69) were treated. Fifteen patients had de novo AML, six AML with myelodysplasia-related changes, two AML with prior myeloproliferative neoplasm, one therapy-related myeloid neoplasm, and one myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-2. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred in dose escalation cohorts. In dose expansion, six patients received panobinostat at 60 mg and nine patients at 50 mg due to recurrent grade 1 bradycardia at the 60-mg dose. The complete response (CR)/incomplete count recovery (Cri) rate was 32%. Median overall survival was 10 months: 23 months with CR/CRi versus 7.8 months without CR/CRi (log-rank P = 0.02). Median relapse-free survival was 8.2 months. Increased histone acetylation 4 and 24 hours after panobinostat was significantly associated with CR/CRi.

Conclusions:

Panobinostat with “7+3” for older patients with AML was well tolerated. Panobinostat 50 mg on days 1, 3, 5, and 8 starting 2 days prior to “7+3” is recommended for future studies. Panobinostat-induced increases in histone acetylation in PBMCs predicted CR/CRi.
A Lightweight Inter-Zonal Authentication Protocol for Moving Objects in Low Powered RF Systems
Authors: Shyamala C.K. , K Rajagopalan Anand
Published: June 2019

Automatic identification systems represent a wide classification of devices used primarily in commercial settings for inventory/logistics control. Familiar examples of such devices are bar codes, magnetic strips, smart cards, RFID (Radio frequency identification) and biometric and voice recognition. Security is especially lax in low powered RF (radio frequency) systems communicating through an unsecured radio wave channel. Security represents a critical component for enabling the large scale adoption of automatic identification systems. Providing an effective security solution for low powered systems is a major area of concern; it directs research towards ‘power consumption aware’ computations in security solutions. This paper proposes a Lightweight Inter-Zonal Authentication Protocol for moving objects in low powered RF systems. Formal validation and a thorough analysis of the protocol in SPAN security tool reveals its effectiveness and resiliency to attacks – eaves dropping, reader and tag impersonation, replay and desynchronization.
A Security Approach for Smart Grid on Review
Authors: Kumar Suman Santosh , Aqib Mohd. , Kumar Singh Sumit
Published: June 2019

Aim of this paper the infrastructure for the traditional grid & smart grid. Together depend upon management and control system but the main modification is in the security system because it activities the benefits of the cyber world for realizing its objectives, it also faces security attacks. Therefore security of the smart grid becomes foremost concern. Even the best smart grid infrastructure along with best management and control mechanisms will prove to be ineffective if security of the smart grid is not taken care of. In this discusses about the importance of protection in smart grid. It presents a review of progress made by researchers and governments and the technologies used in the area. It identifies the security issues involved with the current infrastructure. It points out about the areas in security where the research is still needed and discusses some observations regarding improvement of security in smart grid.
Open-Endedness for the Sake of Open-Endedness
Authors: Hintze Arend
Published: May 2019

Natural evolution keeps inventing new complex and intricate forms and behaviors. Digital evolution and genetic algorithms fail to create the same kind of complexity, not just because we still lack the computational resources to rival nature, but because (it has been argued) we have not understood in principle how to create open-ended evolving systems. Much effort has been made to define such open-endedness so as to create forms of increasing complexity indefinitely. Here, however, a simple evolving computational system that satisfies all such requirements is presented. Doing so reveals a shortcoming in the definitions for open-ended evolution. The goal to create models that rival biological complexity remains. This work suggests that our current definitions allow for even simple models to pass as open-ended, and that our definitions of complexity and diversity are more important for the quest of open-ended evolution than the fact that something runs indefinitely.