bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Ice Island Drift Patterns, Ice Island Grounding Locations, and Gridded Bathymetry Products between Nares Strait and the North Atlantic
Authors: Crawford Anna , Mueller Derek
Published: December 2022

Large, tabular icebergs known as “ice islands” frequently transit the eastern Canadian Arctic and sub-Arctic after breaking away from ice tongues in northern Greenland. Here, we mine the Canadian Ice Island Drift, Deterioration and Detection (CI2D3) Database to contribute a descriptive assessment of the drift and grounding locations of Petermann ice islands (PII) following calving events at the Petermann Glacier in 2008, 2010, and 2012. We also use the CI2D3 Database to demonstrate how gridded bathymetry products can be improved using observations of ice island grounding and knowledge of ice island thickness. We find that most PII fragments followed a common southbound drift route directed by outflow from the Arctic Ocean and the dominant Baffin and Labrador Currents, which are strongest along the steep continental shelf break. Smaller ice islands were more prone to drift into the deeper waters of central Baffin Bay. As previously noted by northern community members, ice islands were also observed to drift into many adjacent sounds, channels, inlets, and straits. PIIs often grounded on shoals in Kane Basin, to the east of Coburg Island, and along the southeast coast of Baffin Island. Potential inaccuracies in two gridded bathymetry products were located in Jones Sound, near Coburg Island, and along the east coast of Baffin Island. Our approach to identifying these potential inaccuracies is shown to be sensitive to the estimate of ice island keel depth. Overall, this work provides synthesized observations of ice island occurrence and grounding as well as an approach to improving bathymetry products in a resource-rich marine region where traffic and industry operations are increasing.
Observations of Ringed Seal (Phoca hispida) in the Nearshore Waters of the Chukotka Peninsula
Authors: Melnikov Vladimir V.
Published: December 2022

Despite the importance of ringed seals in the regional economy of the Chukotka Autonomous District, with the end of the commercial fishery, research on the ringed seal in Russia has almost completely ceased. The coastal zone of the Chukotka Peninsula, where the Native people hunt for seals, has seen very little research. This paper is devoted to the study of the modern distribution and habitat of the ringed seal (Phoca hispida) in the coastal waters of Chukotka. Observations of ringed seals were carried out simultaneously with observations of other species of marine mammals from posts located on the coast of the Chukotka Peninsula in 1993 – 96, 1998 – 2000, 2002 – 05, and 2010 – 11. Field studies provided information on the spatial and seasonal distribution, movements, and relative abundance of the ringed seal in the coastal zone. In winter, seals were found on the drifting ice in the southern coastal area of the northern part of the Gulf of Anadyr, and on fast ice and its edge in the bays of the eastern part of the Chukotka Peninsula. In spring, the main aggregations of ringed seals were observed on fast ice in Senyavin Strait, Lavrentiya Bay, and Tkachen Bay. The migration of immature seals to the Chukchi Sea was noted. In summer, animals were distributed in the coastal zone of the entire Chukotka Peninsula, but their relative number decreased by 85%. In late autumn, the main aggregations of seals were observed on the young ice of Lavrentiya Bay, in Senyavin Strait, and in Tkachen Bay. The landfast ice of the eastern coastal zone of Chukotka Peninsula is one of the main areas for the reproduction of ringed seals in the Bering Sea.
Trends in Subsistence Harvests of Ice Seals in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Region, Alaska, 1962 – 2018
Authors: Olnes Justin , Quakenbush Lori , Nelson Mark , Simon Albert , Burns John , Ice Seal Committee
Published: December 2022

Ringed (Pusa hispida), bearded (Erignathus barbatus), spotted (Phoca largha), and ribbon seals (Histriophoca fasciata), or ice seals, are harvested for subsistence purposes by many Alaska Native communities. We address trends in the subsistence harvest of ice seals for the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region of Alaska for more than 50 years using two types of data collected by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game: (1) bounty data collected from 1962 to 1972 for 16 communities, and (2) household survey data collected for seven of these communities from 1997 to 2018. Both include information on the number of ice seals harvested by each community annually. In addition, more detailed household surveys were conducted from 2008 to 2018 for Hooper Bay, Tununak, and Quinhagak, which collected data on the number of seals harvested by species, the percentage of households engaged in hunting or using seal products, and hunter perceptions. For the bounty period, we identified several years where most communities had above or below average harvests, suggesting regional drivers contributed to patterns in the ice seal harvest. For the seven communities with household survey data, the mean total harvest estimate during the household survey years was only slightly lower than during the bounty period, however, the human population doubled during this time, resulting in a substantial decline in the mean number of seals harvested per person. The more detailed surveys for Hooper Bay, Tununak, and Quinhagak also showed declines in seal harvests during the most recent decade. The declining harvest in some communities may be driven by reduced participation in hunting and less use of seal products. Ongoing sea ice loss is also likely contributing to the decline in harvest across the region. Current seal population estimates indicate all four species are abundant in Alaskan waters, and most hunters have not observed changes in seal abundance.
CUSTOMARY LAW OF THE FOREST IN NORTH ACEH REGENCY
Authors: Yulia Yulia , Herinawati Herinawati
Published: December 2022

The life of woodland area management based totally on commonplace forest regulation has been practiced by the Acehnese. This pastime is done via the wooded area Pawang commonplace organization which has been shown in Aceh Qanun No. 10 of 2008 regarding Customary Institution. This has a look at uses empirical prison research with a qualitative approach the use of primary information and secondary information. In acquiring number one records, respondents and informants had been decided. The effects of research in North Aceh District, forest control based totally on commonplace wooded area regulation has not been practiced optimally. It can be visible that there are nevertheless numerous sub-districts in North Aceh that don't but have the woodland Pawang Customary Institution. Paradoxically, this sub-district has a huge forest area. Then the sub-district authorities and community leaders also do now not understand approximately the woodland Pawang commonplace organization as confirmed in the Aceh Governance regulation and the Qanun on customary institutions. The woodland Pawang customary organization additionally does now not have the capacity and information of forest management based totally on customary wooded area law, so they have no longer been maximal in carrying out their responsibilities. There are numerous limitations in forest management primarily based on Customary law by the wooded area Pawang, such as infrastructure and types of networks and local government cooperation.
A Proposed Model of Perceived Support and Entrepreneurial Intentions with Theory of Planned Behavior as Mediator; Case of Omani Youth
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Kutpudeen Mohammed , Al Fahdi Buthania Saif Hamood , Al-Arini Ahlam Eid Ghashim Hashim , Al Wardi Shuhd Ibrahim Said
Published: December 2022

Entrepreneurship intentions among youngsters is a topic of interest in research due to its relevance in understanding the entrepreneurship phenomenon. The current study extends the understanding of entrepreneurship intention by combining the two models namely the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Perceived Support Model. The study is based on a proposed model utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior components as a mediator between the relationship of the perceived support model and entrepreneurship intention among Omani youngsters. Data collection is based on a cross-sectional survey-based method (n=662) and the analysis is based on AMOS software and consists of two stages. The first stage included testing the reliability and the validity by performing the Confirmatory Factor Analysis and the mediation analysis is performed in the second stage. The results indicate that between the relationship of the perceived support model and the entrepreneurship intention, attitude significantly mediates perceived educational support (β=-.014, P<.05); and perceived structural support (β=.021, P<.05). The relationship of perceived structural support influencing entrepreneurship and mediated by perceived structural support is also significant (β=.019, P<.05). Similarly, perceived behavioral control significantly mediate between perceived structural support (β=.028, P<.05) and entrepreneurship intention. Whereas, the other proposed relationships turned out to be insignificant. Thus, overall, we found partial support for the mediation model. The study recommends that for entrepreneurship intention to be promoted among youngsters, there should be a greater focus on perceived educational support and perceived structural support.
Teaching social science research methods in an online setting: pointers from a literature review
Authors: Kirss Laura , Hunt Pihel , Kalk Karmen
Published: December 2022

Social science research methods are being increasingly taught in an online setting. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a major driver of this trend recently. Although there has been extensive research on online teaching and learning in general, very few studies focus on how this needs to be done specifically in social science research methods (SSRM). This literature review summarizes the most current research evidence on SSRM teaching in an online setting. Such information can facilitate setting up future online teaching and learning activities regarding social science research methods. In addition, the article discusses how this knowledge can be transferred to a practical SSRM online teaching and learning tool (a toolbox in the Navigating Social Worlds project).
Emotional landscape of politics
Authors: Rothert Agnieszka
Published: December 2022

This paper offers an interdisciplinary perspective on the meaning of emotion in politics. Politics will be understood as a people’s ability to live together. The author is a ranging synthesis of social sciences, psychology, biology and neuroscience for better illustration of issues of populism and other forms of social engagement. The paper is in the form of bringing the topics of emotions as a compass of our common human behavioural political make-up. Using the landscape metaphor allows for exploring the complete divergence of human emotions, sunny peaks of empathy, altruism, trust and dark shadowed valleys of fear, anger and distrust. In this manner, some explanation for populist behaviour is given. Collecting various sources of data is offered to experiment with varied forms of narrative and finally to discuss the findings but also to articulate an “emotional” call to collective kindness.
A case of intra-vaginal intrauterine testicular torsion
Authors: Habib Murad , Amjad Muhammad Bin , Ahmed Mansoor
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Intrauterine testicular torsion is extremely rare and the exact cause remains largely unknown. It is the result of an ischemic insult intrauterine, which presents as either extra-vaginal or intravaginal testicular torsion. Urgent surgical exploration and fixating the contralateral testis is key in the management of this condition.

Case presentation

We present here the case of a two-day old neonate with in-born right scrotal swelling admitted at Children’s hospital. The patient was born at term via cesarean section at a private hospital. Upon arrival in the emergency department, he was well hydrated, pink at room temperature with good perfusion. Upon examination, the right testis was found to be enlarged, tense, non-tender visibly reddish with overlying skin excoriation. Trans-illumination was negative in right but positive in the contralateral testis. Both hernial orifices were normal. Doppler ultrasound of the inguinoscrotal area found the right testis to be enlarged (15.6*9.4 mm) and showed heterogeneous hypoechoic texture with prominent rete testis and no flow on color doppler analysis. An urgent scrotal exploration was undertaken. Intra-operatively there was frank necrotic right testis with intravaginal torsion of the testis and minimal hydrocele. A right orchidectomy and contralateral orchidopexy were performed.

Conclusions

Intrauterine testicular torsion should be treated as a surgical emergency. We advocate early recognition of intrauterine testicular torsion, alongside surgical exploration and simultaneous contralateral orchidopexy.
Comparison of human PEX knockout cell lines suggests a dual role of PEX1 in peroxisome biogenesis
Authors: Ott Julia , Sehr Jessica , Schmidt Nadine , Schliebs Wolfgang , Erdmann Ralf
Published: December 2022

For the biogenesis and maintenance of peroxisomes several proteins, called peroxins, are essential. Malfunctions of these proteins lead to severe diseases summarized as peroxisome biogenesis disorders. The different genetic background of patient-derived cell lines and the residual expression of mutated PEX genes impede analysis of the whole spectrum of cellular functions of affected peroxins. To overcome these difficulties, we have generated a selected PEX knockout resource of HEK T-REx293 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Comparative analyses of whole cell lysates revealed PEX-KO specific alterations in the steady-state level of peroxins and variations in the import efficacy of matrix proteins with a Type 2 peroxisomal targeting signal. One of the observed differences concerned PEX1 as in the complete absence of the protein, the number of peroxisomal ghosts is significantly increased. Upon expression of PEX1, import competence and abundance of peroxisomes was adjusted to the level of normal HEK cells. In contrast, expression of an alternatively spliced PEX1 isoform lacking 321 amino acids of the N-terminal region failed to rescue the peroxisomal import defects but reduced the number of peroxisomal vesicles. All in all, the data suggest a novel ‘moonlighting’ function of human PEX1 in the regulation of pre-peroxisomal vesicles.
Effect of ambient temperature on the jet characteristics of a swirl oxygen lance with mixed injection of CO2 + O2
Authors: Feng Chao , Dong Kai , Zhu Rong , Lin Tao , Dong Jian-feng , Xia Tao , Ren Xin
Published: December 2022

O2 mixed with CO2 gas has been successfully applied in converter smelting; however, up to now, there have been few studies regarding the jet characteristics of the mixed injection of the swirl oxygen lance nozzle and the influence of different ambient temperature conditions on jet characteristics compared with common nozzles. In this study, Fluent software was used to simulate the jet characteristics of a four-hole common nozzle and a four-hole swirl nozzle under four different ambient temperature conditions to inject 95% O2 + 5% CO2 and analyze the influence of different ambient temperatures on nozzle-jet characteristics. The results show that with an increase in the ambient temperature, the jet-axis velocity and nozzle centerline speed increase. Under the same distance condition, the distance between the maximum radial velocity point of the jet and the centerline of the nozzle becomes larger, with a velocity greater than that of the swirl nozzle. However, the influence of the ambient temperature on the offset of the jet centerline is small. With an increase in the ambient temperature and distance, the jet-axis temperature increases and the temperature of the nozzle centerline decreases. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the optimal design of a CO2 + O2 swirl oxygen lance nozzle.
The dynamic softening identification and constitutive equation establishment of Ti–6.5Al–2Sn–4Zr–4Mo–1W–0.2Si alloy with initial lamellar microstructure
Authors: Yang Xuemei , Zhao Jinhui , Yan Xuewei , Shi Xiaonan , Guo Hongzhen
Published: December 2022

The high-temperature deformation behavior of Ti–6.5Al–2Sn–4Zr–4Mo–1W–0.2Si alloy with initial lamellar microstructure was investigated through performing hot compression experiments at temperatures of 940–1,030°C and strain rates of 0.001–10 s−1 on the Gleeble-3500 simulator. Three kinds of typical flow curves corresponding to different strain rates were distinguished. The deformation activation energy and Zener–Hollomon parameter were obtained through kinetic analysis. By comparing saturated dislocation density with the critical density for dynamic recrystallization, dynamic softening behaviors were identified and verified by the Poliak–Jonas criterion. Furthermore, a piecewise physical-based constitutive model incorporating dynamic softening behaviors was constructed. Finally, microstructures deformed under different deformation conditions were analyzed to further verify the softening behaviors determined by identification criterions.
Into the Black Box: Sex and Gender in the Study on Decision-Making – An Evidence from a Slovak Sample
Authors: Adamus Magdalena , Ballová Mikušková Eva
Published: December 2022

The main goal of the paper was to obtain insights into how gender measures can be incorporated into quantitative research on risk-related behaviour. We explored relations between the measures (short versions of Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ), and Traditional Masculinity-Femininity (TMF) scale) and their explanatory power in relation to risky behaviours (Decision Outcome Inventory, DOI). The sample consisted of 470 adults (238 men). The corresponding BSRI and PAQ subscales correlated significantly, while TMF correlated positively with the femininity subscales. All the instruments demonstrated good internal consistency and the measures explained a significant portion of risky behaviour. The results suggest that, although sex is a proxy of behaviour, using a measure of the gender-related aspects of identity could enhance understanding of risk-related behaviour. Finally, men and women viewed themselves as equally masculine, indicating that gender stereotypes about desirability of agentic characteristics change.
How do Chinese judges invoke the constitution? Analysis based on 1907 decisions
Authors: Yu Jun , Cao Jingxiong , Cheng Le
Published: December 2022

The abolition of the judicial interpretation issued by the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China in Qi Yuling’s case marks the end of the trend of developing a judicial constitutional review system in China, but issues of courts invoking constitutional norms in judicial decisions continue to arise. This essay investigates the actual situation of the Constitution in judicial decisions by categorizing 1907 court decisions that invoked the Constitution as the reasoning basis and the court decisions which invoked the Constitution as the decision-making basis and by exploring the logic of the use of the Constitution by Chinese judges. In the absence of a constitutional review system, the primary sense of Chinese judges invoking constitutional norms is characterized by “simplistic reasoning”, “politicized enforcement” and the “parent law” concept. The insufficient judgment reason is a universal feature of judicial adjudication in Chinese courts. However, due to the lack of a constitutional review system, the poor perception of the interpretation and application of the constitution may exacerbate the lack of legal arguments invoked by the Constitution. The political model of Constitution enforcement in China makes judges invoke the Constitution in judicial decisions by “asserting the prestige of the Constitution”, which leads to numerous errors in legal argumentation in judicial decisions. This also reflects the tendency of “political enforcement” to take precedence over the legal enforcement of the Constitution. The influence of the old “parent law” concept is that judges can arbitrarily apply constitutional norms directly to civil cases, including fundamental rights norms. By summarizing and describing the above three features, we can depict the activities of current Chinese courts in invoking the Constitution.
Das Publikum digitaler Museen
Authors: Schweibenz Werner
Published: December 2022

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zum Stand der Besucherforschung in Museen ausgehend vom physischen hin zum digitalen Publikum. Dabei werden einige Problemfelder der aktuellen Forschung aufgezeigt. Im Mittelpunkt stehen das digitale Museumspublikum und sein Informationssuchverhalten. Ausgehend von verschiedenen, sehr heterogenen Studien wird versucht allgemeingültige Erkenntnisse zum Suchverhalten des Online-Publikums zu gewinnen. Die daraus entwickelten Kategorien sollen Hinweise für die praktische Anwendung liefern, um Suchvorgänge zu unterstützen und erfolgreicher zu machen. Darauf aufbauend wird ein vereinfachtes, praxisorientiertes Kategorisierungsschema für Online-Besucher vorgeschlagen und auf Alternativen zur feldbasierten Suche eingegangen.
High birefringence low loss low dispersion ring core photonic crystal fiber on terahertz band
Authors: Kong Lingfeng , Jia Chunrong , Di Zhigang , Li Jinxin , Yao Jianquan
Published: December 2022

A novel high birefringence low loss photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on terahertz (THz) band is proposed in this paper. By constructing ring cores in core air holes and innermost cladding air holes, the characteristics of the PCF were studied in the band of 0.6–1.2 THz. The simulation results show that the birefringence characteristic of the fiber can reach 0.0514 at 0.6 THz under the optimal parameters. When working at an operating frequency of 1 THz, not only the birefringence characteristic is maintained at 0.044, but also the confinement loss is as low as about 10−6 dB/m, the dispersion of 0.272 ps/THz/cm and 0.49 ps/THz/cm, the effective mode field area reaches 0.981 μm2 and 0.745 μm2, and the single-mode operating characteristics can be maintained in the entire studied band.
Optical fiber communication system links performance enhancement for high-speed data transmission through short-reach applications
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Altahan Baraa Riyadh , Manasavenna Thaticharla , Priya Putcha Poorna , Krishna Merugumalli Rama , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad , Mousad Aya
Published: December 2022

This paper clarified the optical fiber communication system links the performance signature for short-indoor applications. The electrical propagation delay time is investigated for copper links. The polystyrene optical link propagation delay time is also analyzed. The optical pulse broadening and the data transmission bit rates in the optical links are analyzed. The electrical/optical links performance is discussed with the variations of electrical/optical link variations and ambient temperature variations. The optical link performance efficiency has presented better performance than the electrical links, especially for short-indoor applications.
Modelling Australian Rules Football as spatial systems with pairwise comparisons
Authors: Andreacchio Anton , Bean Nigel , Mitchell Lewis
Published: December 2022

Statistical analysis in competitive sport is an important tool for developing strategy and seeking competitive advantages. However, for complex team sports such as Australian Rules Football, major limitations occur when using possession event data for game analysis. First, focusing on counting possession events does not capture the impact of off-the-ball actions such as ground positioning of other players. Second, it is difficult to determine the extent that an event is due to either team’s relative proficiency or skill. Third, there is limited possession event data available from each match and modelling efforts often have low statistical power. Here we reinterpret event data into positional systems and utilise pairwise performance metrics to understand the relative team proficiency in each of these states. These metrics can then be used to construct transition probabilities between states for future games, and ultimately, absorbing probabilities of goal states. Our approach effectively predicts match outcomes using team ratings for forward, midfield and defensive systems and is sufficiently interpretable to support strategic decision-making by coaching departments in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Crystal structure of 2-({[5-(adamantan-2-yl)-2-sulfanylidene-1,3,4-oxadiazolidin-3-yl]methyl}amino)benzonitrile, C20H22N4OS
Authors: Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Blacque Olivier , Al-Shaalan Nora H. , Tiekink Edward R. T. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: December 2022

C20H22N4OS, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.8528(3) Å, b = 11.3498(5) Å, c = 13.3896(9) Å, α = 114.083(5)°, β = 104.326(4)°, γ = 90.369(3)°, V = 914.38(9) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0844, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.2217, T = 160 K.
Visualization of magnetization reversal processes by dynamic Kerr microscopy
Authors: Hohs D. , Klett S. , Löffler R. , Trier F. , Goll D. , Schneider G.
Published: December 2022

Dynamic Kerr microscopy enables the analysis of structural defects in magnetic materials and their impact on the demagnetization behavior. Using new visualization techniques, it is possible to image the demagnetization process in the microstructure. It has been found that residual stresses and inclusions in soft magnets, for example, will impede magnetization. In permanent magnets, abnormally large grains, for example, will demagnetize first and then cause an accelerated demagnetization of adjacent grains.
Ferrite in the HAZ of Dissimilar Temperature Probe Welds
Authors: Neidel A. , Giller M. , Riesenbeck S.
Published: December 2022

Protector tubes for temperature sensors were welded onto experimental gas turbine compressor blades. While the blades were made of a high alloy hard-martensitic stainless chromium steel, a high alloy metastable austenitic stainless steel was used for the tiny protector tubes. The dissimilar weld joint was applied using manual GTAW. A large amount of blocky delta ferrite formed in the HAZ immediately adjacent to the fusion line, on the side of the martensitic steel. Delta ferrite in such dissimilar welds might detrimentally affect the mechanical properties of the weld joint. It was therefore recommended not to use the affected experimental blades in test engine service. Even though no failure occurred in this case, one was prevented by declaring the subject instrumented parts unfit for test engine service.
Study of a high efficient composite foam drainage surfactant for gas production
Authors: Dong Jie , Tao Rongde , Xu Jun , Li Yongfei , Dong Sanbao , Chen Gang
Published: December 2022

The foam drainage technique for gas production has the disadvantage of requiring a large amount of surfactant and having low resistance to salt and oil. In this study, a new surfactant mixture (composite surfactant) of lauramidopropyl betaine (LAB-35), α-olefin sulfonate (AOST), sodium alkyl sulfonate (SASE) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was tested and its foaming properties were investigated in detail. The foaming properties were determined using high-speed measurements and the Ross-Miles method. The results show that the foaming volume of the composite surfactant can reach 563 mL, indicating that the foaming behaviour of the composite surfactant is more effective than that of the individual surfactants used for the mixture. In addition, the results show that the composite surfactant has a resistance to salt, methanol and condensate oil that most foam drainage agents do not have. However, the stability of the composite surfactant gradually decreases with increasing temperature and concentration. The surface tension was measured and the critical micelle concentration of the composite surfactant is 0.023 g/L.
Változó körülmények - átalakuló hátrányok. Téseny társadalomtörténete
Authors: Ragadics Tamás
Published: December 2022

Az elmúlt években komplex szociális programok indultak a legszegényebb leszakadó települések felzárkóztatása érdekében a vidéki Magyarországon. Baranya megyében több szegregálódott, erodált társadalmú kistelepülést érint ez a kormányzati program. A kezdeményezés sajátossága, hogy a falvak életével mindennapos kölcsönhatásban rugalmasan működő, a helyi szükségletekre reagáló, lokális szintű projektekben gondolkodik, s ennek megfelelően fontos szerepet kap az adott településen végbemenő változások, trendek megismerése. Jelen tanulmány egy baranyai aprófalu helyi társadalmának változásait mutatja be társadalomtörténeti perspektívából. Azt a folyamatot követi nyomon, hogyan lesz egy átlagos uradalmi településből hasadt társadalmú, majd etnikai szegregációval sújtott falu. A tanulmány a térséggel foglalkozó szakirodalmi források, helytörténeti anyagok, települési statisztikák, valamint egy szélesebb körű empirikus kutatás anyagainak felhasználásával készült.
A szegénység kultúrája - Kritikák és értelmezési keretek
Authors: Zsinka Flóra
Published: December 2022

A tanulmány tárgya Oscar Lewis sokat vitatott elmélete a szegénység kultúrájáról. Az írás szemügyre veszi a koncepcióval szemben leggyakrabban felmerülő kritikai érveket. Ezek közül az első, az áldozathibáztatás vádja, amely a korabeli rendkívül átpolitizált underclass diskurzusban nyert megfogalmazást. Ezt követően kerülnek tárgyalásra a kultúra fogalom használatával kapcsolatos kritikák. Harmadsorban a Lewis által alkalmazott módszertannal és az általa alkotott elmélet empirikus megalapozottságával kapcsolatos bírálatokat vesszük szemügyre. A tanulmány végül arra tesz kísérletet, hogy Bourdieu habitus fogalma segítségével a szegénység kultúrájának nevezett jelenséget egy olyan értelmezési keretben helyezze el, amely kiküszöböli a koncepcióval kapcsolatos korábbi félreértéseket.
Luminance Contrast Shifts Dominance Balance between ON and OFF Pathways in Human Vision
Authors: Rahimi-Nasrabadi Hamed , Moore-Stoll Veronica , Tan Jia , Dellostritto Stephen , Jin JianZhong , Dul Mitchell W. , Alonso Jose-Manuel
Published: December 2022

Human vision processes light and dark stimuli in visual scenes with separate ON and OFF neuronal pathways. In nature, stimuli lighter or darker than their local surround have different spatial properties and contrast distributions (Ratliff et al., 2010; Cooper and Norcia, 2015; Rahimi-Nasrabadi et al., 2021). Similarly, in human vision, we show that luminance contrast affects the perception of lights and darks differently. At high contrast, human subjects of both sexes locate dark stimuli faster and more accurately than light stimuli, which is consistent with a visual system dominated by the OFF pathway. However, at low contrast, they locate light stimuli faster and more accurately than dark stimuli, which is consistent with a visual system dominated by the ON pathway. Luminance contrast was strongly correlated with multiple ON/OFF dominance ratios estimated from light/dark ratios of performance errors, missed targets, or reaction times (RTs). All correlations could be demonstrated at multiple eccentricities of the central visual field with an ON-OFF perimetry test implemented in a head-mounted visual display. We conclude that high-contrast stimuli are processed faster and more accurately by OFF pathways than ON pathways. However, the OFF dominance shifts toward ON dominance when stimulus contrast decreases, as expected from the higher-contrast sensitivity of ON cortical pathways (Kremkow et al., 2014; Rahimi-Nasrabadi et al., 2021). The results highlight the importance of contrast polarity in visual field measurements and predict a loss of low-contrast vision in humans with ON pathway deficits, as demonstrated in animal models (Sarnaik et al., 2014).

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTON and OFF retino-thalamo-cortical pathways respond differently to luminance contrast. In both animal models and humans, low contrasts drive stronger responses from ON pathways, whereas high contrasts drive stronger responses from OFF pathways. We demonstrate that these ON-OFF pathway differences have a correlate in human vision. At low contrast, humans locate light targets faster and more accurately than dark targets but, as contrast increases, dark targets become more visible than light targets. We also demonstrate that contrast is strongly correlated with multiple light/dark ratios of visual performance in central vision. These results provide a link between neuronal physiology and human vision while emphasizing the importance of stimulus polarity in measurements of visual fields and contrast sensitivity.
Adaptation to high rates of chromosomal instability and aneuploidy through multiple pathways in budding yeast
Authors: Clarke Matthew N , Marsoner Theodor , Adell Manuel Alonso Y , Ravichandran Madhwesh C , Campbell Christopher S
Published: December 2022

Both an increased frequency of chromosome missegregation (chromosomal instability, CIN) and the presence of an abnormal complement of chromosomes (aneuploidy) are hallmarks of cancer. To better understand how cells are able to adapt to high levels of chromosomal instability, we previously examined yeast cells that were deleted of the gene BIR1, a member of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC). We found bir1Δ cells quickly adapted by acquiring specific combinations of beneficial aneuploidies. In this study, we monitored these yeast strains for longer periods of time to determine how cells adapt to high levels of both CIN and aneuploidy in the long term. We identify suppressor mutations that mitigate the chromosome missegregation phenotype. The mutated proteins fall into four main categories: outer kinetochore subunits, the SCFCdc4 ubiquitin ligase complex, the mitotic kinase Mps1, and the CPC itself. The identified suppressor mutations functioned by reducing chromosomal instability rather than alleviating the negative effects of aneuploidy. Following the accumulation of suppressor point mutations, the number of beneficial aneuploidies decreased. These experiments demonstrate a time line of adaptation to high rates of CIN.
Hybrid Particleboard Made of Corn Husk (Zea Mays L.) and Sembilang Bamboo (Dendrocalamus Giganteus Munro): Effect of Adhesive Type and Particle Composition
Authors: Prasetiyo Kurnia Wiji , Hermawan Dede , Hadi Yusuf Sudo , Subyakto Subyakto , Firdaus Muhammad , Syamani Firda Aulya , Astari Lilik
Published: December 2022

Particleboard is a panel product made of wood particles or other lignocellulosic materials added with adhesive then pressed. The development of particleboard manufactured using non wood biomass has become important due to the decreased of wood as main raw material for the particleboard industry. Corn husk (Zea mays L.) and Sembilang bamboo (Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro) are lignocellulosic biomass that has  potential as  renewable materials for hybrid particleboard. The purposes of this study were to determine the suitability, the effect of adhesive type, and particle composition on physical and mechanical properties of hybrid particleboard made of corn husk and Sembilang bamboo particles. The adhesive types used were urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) with 10 wt% adhesive content and the composition of corn husk : Sembilang bamboo was  set at 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, 0 : 100 (% w/w). The target density of hybrid particleboard was set at 0.80 g/cm3. The boards were manufactured at 130 °C for UF and 150 °C for PF press temperature, 10 minutes and 2.5 MPa for the pressure of the hot press. The results showed that hybrid particleboard properties improved with increasing the amount of Sembilang bamboo particles in the board. Hybrid particleboard properties affected in ascending order were modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB) and screw holding power (SHP). Generally, hybrid particleboard bonded PF adhesive has better properties than bonded UF adhesive. Results indicated that the addition of Sembilang bamboo particles in the mixture resulted in better properties of hybrid particleboard.
Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Petung Bamboo Stems (Dendrocalamus Asper) Using Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) Process for Biogas Storage
Authors: Astuti Widi , Ramadhan Rayhan Mukti , Octaviany Vista Ayudya
Published: December 2022

Biogas has emerged as a promising alternative to gasoline due to the depletion of fossil energy and environmental concerns. An investigation was conducted to study the technical feasibility of an adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage system using petung bamboo-activated carbons. The activated carbons were prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) and a hybrid heating system for comparison. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a promising alternative technology for biochar production because it has several advantages over conventional pyrolysis such as uniform heating temperature, lower energy consumption, and uniform pore size. The characteristics of the obtained activated carbons were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the higher power led to the shorter pyrolysis time. However, at a certain point, the higher power causes the biomass is not degraded completely. In this case, a microwave oven with 2 magnetrons produces a better heating temperature profile than the use of 1 magnetron. The character of activated carbon prepared using 70% power output (1120 W) is better than activated carbon prepared using 60% power output (960 W). In this condition, the pore size is more uniform and the number of functional groups is less. This implies that the petung bamboo activated carbon is the ideal candidate for ANG storage.
SMAD6 inhibits granulosa cell proliferation and follicle growth rate in carrier and noncarrier heifers of the Trio allele
Authors: Domingues Rafael R , Andrade Fabiana S , Andrade Joao Paulo N , Gomez-Leon Victor , Madureira Guilherme , Moghbeli Sadrollah M , Mello Marco R B , Kirkpatrick B. W. , Wiltbank Milo C.
Published: December 2022

Cattle are generally considered a monovular species; however, recently a bovine high fecundity allele, termed the Trio allele, was discovered. Carriers of Trio have an elevated ovulation rate (3 to 5) while half-sibling noncarriers are monovular. Carriers of the Trio allele have overexpression in granulosa cells of SMAD6, an inhibitor of oocyte-derived regulators of granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation. In experiment 1, follicle size was tracked for each follicle during a follicular wave. Follicle growth rate was greater before vs after follicle deviation in both carriers and noncarriers. Additionally, follicle growth rate was consistently less in carriers vs noncarriers. In experiment 2, we collected granulosa cells from follicles before and after deviation for evaluation of granulosa cell gene expression. Granulosa cell proliferation was less in carriers vs noncarriers and after vs before follicle deviation (decreased expression of cell cycle genes CCNB1 and CCNA2). The decreased granulosa cell proliferation in noncarriers after deviation was associated with increased SMAD6 expression. Similarly, in experiment 3 decreased expression of SMAD6 in granulosa cells of noncarriers cultured in vitro for 60 hours was associated with increased expression of cell cycle genes. This suggests that SMAD6 may not just be inhibiting follicle growth rate in carriers of Trio but may also play a role in the decreased follicle growth after deviation in noncarriers. The hypotheses were supported that (1) follicle growth and granulosa cell proliferation decreases after deviation in both carriers and noncarriers and that (2) granulosa cell proliferation is reduced in carriers compared to noncarriers.
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiyM1-xCaxMnO3 (M = Pr, Eu) solid solutions
Authors: Kordan V. , Zaremba O. , Demchenko P. , Pavlyuk V.
Published: December 2022

New Li-containing solid solutions LiyM1-xCaxMnO3 (M = Pr and Eu) were synthesized by electrochemical lithiation of the ceramics with perovskite structure. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the initial and Li-containing ceramics was determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The M/Ca/Mn cation ratio was confirmed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The crystal structure of theM1-xCaxMnO3solid solutions before lithiation (GdFeO3-type structure, space group Pnma, Pearson code oP20) and after lithiation (filled-up GdFeO3-type) was determined by the Rietveld method. X-ray structural analysis showed the formation of phases with increased unit cell parameters after lithiation process. In the case of Eu and Pr-containing samples X-rays diffraction patterns illustrate the amorphous halo based on the by-products of reaction between of ceramics surface and components from electrolyte. Under experimental conditions (Li-metal anode) the quantity of intercalated Li increases for ceramics: Li0.084Eu0.5Ca0.5MnO3, Li0.113Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3, and Li0.134Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3. Scanning electron microscopy method revealed the formation of Li-containing aggregates with dimension of 200-900 nm. The grains demonstrate block-like or irregular shape morphology with developed area surface.
Tuning the photoluminescence of CdTe quantum dots by controllable coupling to plasmonic Au nanoparticles
Authors: Dzhagan V. , Kapush O. , Isaeva O. , Budzulyak S. , Magda O. , Kogutyuk P. , Trishchuk L. , Yefanov V. , Valakh M. , Yukhymchuk V.
Published: December 2022

A controllable variation of the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) via their coupling to plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) is the potential basis for optoelectronic and sensing applications. In this work, the effect of Au NPs on the PL of colloidal CdTe QDs is investigated in solution and solid films. An PL enhancement for the QDs synthesized in water was observed in case of spectral overlap of the plasmon absorption band of and QD PL band. In case of Au NPs synthesized in dimethyl sulfoxyl the trend is to reduction of the PL intensity. For the reference samples prepared by mixing QDs not with Au NP solutions but with corresponding pure solvent, certain PL enhancement was observed and presumably attributed to reduction of self-absorption or non-radiative interparticle interaction in less concentrated QD solution. However, the contribution of this dilution-related enhancement is expected to be independent of the spectral properties of NPs and QDs. Therefore, the observed in this work different behavior of QD PL in certain combinations of QDs and NPs is attributed to interaction between electronic excitation in the QD and plasmon.
Structural, morphological and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 obtained by thermolytic decomposition of the [Ti(OH2)6]3+•3Cl¯ aquacomplex
Authors: Mironyuk I. , Danyliuk N. , Turovska L. , Mykytyn I.
Published: December 2022

Thermolytic decomposition in a chloride-acid medium of a titanium aquacomplex precursor solution [Ti(OH2)6]3+•3Cl¯ as a result of its boiling at a temperature of (110-114) 0С is accompanied by precursor hydrolysis and the formation of hydrate molecules Ti(OH)3Cl•2Н2О, which, as a result of condensation, provide the formation of rutile ТіО2 with rod-shaped particles (30-80) nm long and (8-20) nm in diameter, combined into flower-shaped associates with a diameter of (200-280) nm. IR spectroscopic studies of the precursor hydrolysis products and the synthesized oxide material show that the geometric parameters of ТіО5Cl octahedra of Ti(OH)3Cl •2Н2О hydrate molecules are close to those of ТіО6 octahedra of ТіО2 rutile. The average Ti-O interatomic distance of octahedra of titanium-containing hydrate molecules is a kind of template that directs the process of ТіО2 crystallization towards the formation of rutile. Rutile ТіО2 nanopowder synthesized in this way is an effective photocatalyst for the photooxidation of organic dyes in an aqueous medium by UV radiation. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized rutile ТіО2 was determined by neutralization of Congo Red (CR) dye dissolved in an aqueous medium. The effectiveness of TiO2 was studied by examining the effect of TiO2 amount and Н2О2 concentration. It has been established that complete bleaching of the dye is achieved in just 10 minutes of UV irradiation at a photocatalyst concentration of 1.5 g/L, an Н2О2 concentration of 5 mM, and an initial CR dye concentration of 5 mg/L, at reaction rate constant of 2.1959 min-1.
De hermanos y socios: las relaciones entre Turquía, Pakistán e India
Authors: Ballesteros-Peiró Ana
Published: December 2022

En septiembre 2019, el presidente turco Recep Tayyip Erdo?an pronunció un discurso en la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas (UNGA) en el que aludió al conflicto de Cachemira y a la necesidad de que India y Pakistán resolvieran la disputa de forma dialogada. En este alegato, tomado como ejemplo de política contenciosa, Erdo?an incluye en su repertorio una región fuera de la esfera habitual de su política exterior. El objeto de este estudio es ver cómo este hecho afectó o qué reacciones provocaron en los países implicados. Para ello, se realizará un análisis crítico del discurso de los dirigentes de Turquía, India y Pakistán en la UNGA, y de las interactuaciones en Twitter de sus tres ministros de Exteriores. El periodo de tiempo analizado comprende el año anterior y posterior al cambio constitucional del estatuto de autonomía de la Cachemira india de agosto de 2019.
Turkey and Greece as frenemies: discourse-historical approach to foreign policy repertoires of the leaders
Authors: Türkeş-Kılıç Selin , Cakmak Gizem
Published: December 2022

This paper analyzes Turkish-Greek relations during the contentious period of July 2019-2022, when tensions between the two countries have risen due to domestic and conjunctural factors. The study employs a Discourse Historical Approach to reveal the processes of identity construction in Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdo?an and Greece’s Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis’ political statements. The analysis suggests that the two leaders have developed discursive repertoires of frenemies, which represent interactive processes of logics and practices of amity and enmity between Turkey and Greece, in which they are competitive and mistrustful, but also convinced that collaboration advances their respective and often conflicting interests.
Mechanical properties and soiling resistance of paper with polyurethane coating reinforced with cellulose nanomaterials
Authors: Goo Sooim , Yook Simyub , Park Shin Young , Im Wanhee , Youn Hye Jung
Published: December 2022

Recently, enhancing the performance of polyurethane (PU) coatings with cellulose nanomaterials (CNM) has been actively researched. Cellulose nanomaterials exhibit considerable potential to increase the mechanical strength of PU coatings due to their high aspect ratios and elastic moduli. In this study, PU reinforced with CNM was coated onto paper to enhance the paper’s mechanical strength and soiling resistance. To investigate the reinforcing effect, two different CNM, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN), were selected, and suspensions with different ratios of PU and CNM were prepared. After coating the paper with each of them, the mechanical properties of the paper, including tensile strength, folding endurance, and soiling resistance, were evaluated. The mechanical strength and anti-soiling performance of the PU-CNM coated papers were greatly enhanced. Especially, PU-TOCN had superior properties as a durable paper coating despite a low TOCN concentration, less than 2%, because the TOCN crosslinked with PU via polyaziridine. Furthermore, the PU-CNM coating protected the paper from being contaminated, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray mapping. Consequently, durable paper exhibiting soiling resistance was fabricated by coating the paper with PU-TOCN suspensions.