bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contact Stress Analysis and Fatigue Life Prediction of a Turbine Fan Disc
Authors: Yang Liang , Zhu Shun-Peng , Lv Zhiqiang , Zuo Fang-Jun , Huang Hong-Zhong
Published: July 2015

Fan discs are critical components of an aero engine. In this paper, contact stress and life prediction of a turbine fan disc were investigated. A simplified pin/disc model was conducted to simulate the practical working condition under applied loads using finite element (FE) analysis. This study is devoted to examining the eﬀects of interface condition of pin/disc such as gap and coefficient upon the maximum stress. The FE model indicated that the maximum stress occurs at the top right corner in the second pin hole, and larger gap or friction coefficient has a significant effect on the maximum stress. In addition, FE analysis without considering friction is also conducted. The results show that the dangerous point is similar to the result which considers friction and the stress state is relatively larger than that of considering friction. Finally, based on FE analysis result, life prediction for the fan disc is conducted to combine the material
Monotonicity and the typology of front/back harmony
Authors: Rebrus Péter , Törkenczy Miklós
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we analyse the surface patterns of suffix harmony in front/back harmony systems as the harmonic values front and back being assigned to harmonic contexts consisting of strings of syllables combining front, back and neutral nuclei. We claim that the harmonic contexts can be arranged in a fixed (universal) scale, the frontness/backness scale, with reference to which the possible (i.e. attested) front/back harmony systems can be characterised in a simple way: only those systems are possible where the assignment of values to the harmonic contexts is monotonic, which makes sure that only contiguous (non-interrupted) sequences of harmonic values are assigned to the harmonic contexts. We give formal definitions of monotonicity in terms of ordering and similarity and discuss predictions about possible harmony systems that follow from monotonicity (which we claim are borne out). These predictions are typological: harmony systems can show disharmonic behaviour, but in a principled way: only those systems exist (at least in front/back harmony) that exhibit a monotonic pattern. In the second half of the paper, we discuss variation in harmony and analyse in detail variation in anti-harmony and transparency in Hungarian, which is thus an example of a variable harmony pattern. We argue that variable front/back harmony patterns assign a “variable” value to some harmonic contexts in addition to the front and back values and can be shown to be constrained by monotonicity, whose definition is naturally extendable to patterns with variation. We discuss both the ordering-based and the similarity-based definitions and the predictions about possible variable harmony systems that follow from the definitions. One of the main predictions of the paper is a consequence of monotonicity: the locus of the variation in a pattern occurs only “in between” non-variable subpatterns. We explore a possible way of quantification in which we identify the harmonic values with the relative token frequency of the forms where the number associated with a variable value is
Prenylated 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes from Macaranga javanica
Authors: Ilmiawati Aulia , Hakim Euis H. , Syah Yana M.
Published: July 2015

Phytochemical investigation of the acetone extract of Macaranga javanica leaves afforded three new prenylated 9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes, macajavanicins A–C (1–3). Structures of these compounds were elucidated mainly by NMR and mass spectral data. Along with compounds 1–3, two known prenylated dihydrostilenes, laevifolins A and B (4, 5), were also isolated. The presence of these new 9,10-dihydrophentanthrene derivatives is the first time in the genus Macaranga, and its chemotaxonomic significances are briefly discussed. The antibacterial properties of compounds 1–5 against eight pathogenic bacteria are also described.
Anti-angiogenic and antiproliferative properties of the lichen substances (-)-usnic acid and vulpinic acid
Authors: Koparal Ayşe Tansu
Published: July 2015

The anti-proliferative activities of the lichen substances (-)-usnic acid and vulpinic acid on the viability of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells, NS20Y neuroblastoma cells and HUVEC endothelial cells were studied by the MTT assay. The anti-angiogenic potential of the substances was determined by the endothelial tube formation assay. Both lichen substances exhibited strong anti-angiogenic activity and were more cytotoxic to the cancer cell lines than to the normal cell line, but vulpinic acid has more potential as an anti-angiogenic substance because of its low cytotoxicity and stronger anti-angiogenic activity on the HUVEC cell line.
Observation of Translation-to-Vibration Excitation in Acetylene Scattering from Au(111): A REMPI Based Approach
Authors: Golibrzuch Kai , Baraban Joshua H. , Shirhatti Pranav R. , Werdecker Jörn , Bartels Christof , Wodtke Alec M.
Published: July 2015

We present quantum-state and velocity resolved experiments for
molecular beam scattering of acetylene (C2H2) from
a single-crystal Au(111) surface, observations that reveal
translational, rotational and vibrational inelasticity. The
experiments are made possible by a novel (1 + 2) REMPI scheme for
acetylene. The scattered molecules' velocity distributions as well as
their ro-vibrational quantum-state distributions depend on the
translational energy of incidence, E
I, providing
unambiguous evidence that the scattered molecules were not trapped and
equilibrated on the surface. We report the E
I-dependence
of the collisional excitation of one and two quanta of the
trans-bending vibrational mode, ν
4 = 0 → 1, 2, which is
consistent with a mechanism involving conversion of incidence
translational energy to acetylene vibration. Rotationally resolved
velocity measurements on scattered acetylene in its ground vibrational
state are interpreted in terms of orientation-dependent rotational and
vibrational excitation probabilities.
The Santa Ana
Authors: Straight Susan
Published: July 2015

The Santa Ana River, running through three of the largest counties in America, has a long, often overlooked history from Native American settlement to the contemporary industrial corridor, but always riparian and beautiful. This essay and accompanying photographs explore the middle section of the river, which runs through San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, the Native American settlement of Agua Mansa, the exploration of de Anza, and the current landscape of homeless residents in an emerging post-industrial landscape.
Human Nature
Authors: Aguilar Laura
Published: July 2015

Laura Aguilar’s Nature Self Portraits treat the human body as another feature in landscapes. In the series, Aguilar positions herself in the center of her photographs, nude, often with her back to the camera. The curve of her back echoes the rocks, her black hair in the wind recalls the thin fingers of desert trees. The photographs are at once playful and beautiful, peaceful and provocative. This photo essay includes work from Aguilar’s series, plus a similar work by California photographer Judy Dater, which influenced Aguilar.
The Boom Interview
Authors: Bon Lauren
Published: July 2015

Lauren Bon is a transformative figure. Through her work with the Metabolic Studio and as a trustee of the Annenberg Foundation, she examines a handful of enormous and intersecting questions about Los Angeles, the American West, the way we think about landscapes, our water and where it comes from, what we owe the land and communities, and our moral, economic, and political relationships. In this interview she discusses her work, including recent and forthcoming projects such as Not A Cornfield, 100 Mules Walking the Los Angeles Aqueduct, and Bending the River Back into the City—the waterwheel she plans to build for a spur of the Los Angeles River that will sit adjacent to her studio on the edge of Los Angeles’s Chinatown.
Dry Season
Authors: Black Matt
Published: July 2015

This photo essay by Matt Black depicts the often devastating impact of drought on the landscapes and communities of California’s Central Valley.
Industrial Materials
Authors: Bixler Barron
Published: July 2015

The incalculable volume of minerals extracted from California’s mountaintops and riverbeds formed the very infrastructure that fueled California’s unabated growth beginning in 1849—and permanently altered its look. Detritus washed downstream by disastrous hydraulic-mining operations during the Gold Rush was used to build Sacramento, San Francisco, and the levee system in the Delta of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. Limestone mined by the Monolith Cement Company in what is now Tehachapi built the Los Angeles Aqueduct. The brutality of the landscapes captured in this photo essay is at odds with the popular conception of California landscapes. But, as the photographer discovered through the project, they are in fact quintessentially Californian.
Fructose content of low calorie diets: effect on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Johnson Line K , Holven Kirsten B , Nordstrand Njord , Mellembakken Jan R , Tanbo Tom , Hjelmesæth Jøran
Published: July 2015

We aimed to examine whether a whole-grain crispbread (CB) low-fructose, low-calorie diet (LCD) might be superior to a traditional LCD based on fructose-rich liquid meal replacements (LMRs) with respect to improvement of various cardiometabolic risk factors and reproductive hormones. Parallel-group randomised controlled clinical trial. Morbidly obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) were randomised to either an 8-week CB-LCD or LMR-LCD (900–1100 kcal/day, fructose 17 g/day or 85 g/day). A total of 51 women completed the study. Body weight, fat mass and waist circumference reduced by mean (s.d.) 10.0 (4.8) kg, 7.4 (4.2) kg and 8.5 (4.4) cm, with no significant differences between groups. Total-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and Apo-A1 were significantly reduced within both groups (all P values <0.01), with no significant between-group differences. The triacylglycerol and LDL-cholesterol levels were reduced within the LMR group only, with no significant between-group differences. Blood pressure and most measures of glucose metabolism improved significantly in both diet groups, with no significant between-group difference. Uric acid levels rose by 17.7 (46.4) and 30.6 (71.5) μmol/l in the CB and LMR group, respectively, with no significant difference between groups. Gastrointestinal discomfort was significantly and equally reduced in both intervention groups. Free testosterone index was reduced in both groups, with no significant difference between groups. Morbidly obese women with PCOS who underwent either an 8-week low or high-fructose LCD-diet had similar changes in various cardiometabolic risk factors and reproductive hormones. Registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00779571.
Rupturas asignificantes: Revisiones críticas en torno al Derecho
Authors: Rengifo Santiago Patarroyo , Gómez Paola Andrea Benavides
Published: July 2015

De forma tradicional, la relación entre el cuerpo y el derecho ha sido abordada desde la instancia positiva de la ley. En esa medida, el cuerpo se convierte en una superficie en la que se sancionan las verdades que evidencian el delito. Contrario a tal perspectiva, el presente artículo busca re pensar la importancia de ampliar el diálogo del derecho con otros saberes de tal manera que inaugure una forma reflexiva de interpretar su ejercicio e instaure una manera otra de estudiar el cuerpo y las complejidades que en torno al mismo se tejen.
Programa de visita domiciliaria del sistema de salud costarricense: lineamientos para su mejora
Authors: Solís Cordero Katherine , Guevara Frances Giancarlo
Published: July 2015

Introducción. La visita domiciliaria se constituye en la principal estrategia de atención primaria al acercar los servicios de salud a los domicilios y lugares de trabajo de las personas, lo cual permite conocer de primera mano las necesidades de la población. La visita domiciliaria efectuada por el ATAP representa el primer contacto del individuo, familia y comunidad con el sistema de salud, con importantes beneficios tanto a nivel individual como colectivo. La presente investigación responde a la necesidad de identificar los elementos que el programa de visita domiciliaria requiere mejorar, modificar o sustituir con el fin de maximizar la prestación de este servicio.Método. Se diseñó un estudio cualitativo, analítico observacional. Se recolectó los datos mediante revisión bibliográfica, entrevista a informantes claves y grupo focal. El análisis se realizó a partir de la teoría fundamentada.Resultados. Los datos evidenciaron la existencia de elementos a nivel de sistema de salud, programa de visita domiciliaria y figura del ATAP que deben ser revisados, modificados o sustituidos con el fin de que la visita domiciliaria tenga mayores y mejores alcances para la población y el sistema de salud.Conclusión. El programa de visita domiciliaria representa una fortaleza del sistema de salud costarricense al abordar las inequidades en salud. Sin embargo, es imperativa la toma de decisiones e  implementación de acciones que promuevan el mejoramiento y aumento de los alcances que tiene la visita domiciliaria en el abordaje de la población a nivel familiar y comunitario.
Maior acesso à informação sobre como prevenir o câncer bucal entre idosos assistidos na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Martins Andréa Maria Eleutério de Barros Lima , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Santos-Neto Pedro Eleutério dos , Sá Maria Aparecida Barbosa de , Souza João Gabriel Silva , Haikal Desireé Sant’Ana , Ferreira Efigenia Ferreira e , Pordeus Isabela Almeida
Published: July 2015

Resumo Na promoção de saúde, as ações educativas são prioridade na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF). Evidencia-se a eficácia dessas ações na adesão a comportamentos saudáveis e na redução nas taxas de morbimortalidade por câncer bucal. Objetivou-se identificar se o acesso a informações sobre como prevenir o câncer bucal é maior entre idosos residentes em domicílios cadastrados na ESF. Utilizou-se o SPSS® na obtenção de estimativas corrigidas pelo efeito do desenho amostral, considerando as magnitudes das associações do acesso a tais informações com os determinantes pessoais, uso dos serviços/custos com a saúde, comportamentos relacionados à saúde e desfechos da saúde. Dentre os 492 idosos, 58,9% relataram ter tido acesso a tais informações. Verificaramse maiores chances de acesso entre residentes em domicílios cadastrados na ESF; com maior renda per capita (2,01/1,18-3,43); não tabagistas (2,00/1,16-3,46); que realizaram autoexame bucal (6,35/3,46-11,64); e que não autoperceberam incômodo na boca, cabeça ou pescoço (2,06/1,024,17). O acesso foi maior entre os residentes em domicílios cadastrados na ESF. Determinantes pessoais, comportamentos relacionados à saúde e desfechos de saúde sofrem influência ou influenciam a oferta e o acesso a essas informações.
Multi-fractal scaling law for split strength of concrete cubes
Authors: Ince Ragip , Gör Mesut , Alyamaç Kürşat Esat , Eren Mehmet Esen
Published: July 2015

Experiments on concrete members indicate that the nominal strength of a specimen decreases with increasing specimen size for the same specimen geometry. This phenomenon is known as the size effect in the fracture mechanics of plain and reinforced concrete. Although nominal strength is also highly affected by the width of the distributed load in split-tension cylinder and cube specimens, this effect can be negligible within the practical range of the load-distributed width in diagonal cubes. However, the number of reported theoretical and experimental studies on cube and especially diagonal cube split-tension specimens is much more limited than those on cylindrical specimens. Therefore, in this study, six series of cube and diagonal cube specimens, with three different sizes and with two different maximum aggregate sizes (4 mm and 16 mm) but similar geometries, were tested under different load-distributed widths. The peak loads obtained from the test results were analysed using the multi-fractal scaling law. Subsequently, two prediction formulae are proposed for the design of torsional concrete/reinforced concrete members.
The trend towards in vivo bioprinting
Authors: Wang Manyi , He Jiankang , Liu Yaxiong , Li Meng , Li Dichen , Jin Zhongmin
Published: July 2015

Bioprinting is one of several newly emerged tissue engineering strategies that hold great promise in alleviating of organ shortage crisis. To date, a range of living biological constructs have already been fabricated in vitro using this technology. However, an in vitro approach may have several intrinsic limitations regarding its clinical applicability in some cases. A possible solution is in vivo bioprinting, in which the de novo tissues/organs are to be directly fabricated and positioned at the damaged site in the living body. This strategy would be particularly effective in the treatment of tissues/organs that can be safely arrested and immobilized during bioprinting. Proof-of-concept studies on in vivo bioprinting have been reported recently, on the basis of which this paper reviews the current state-of-the-art bioprinting technologies with a particular focus on their advantages and challenges for the in vivo application.
A novel 3D printing method for cell alignment and differentiation
Authors: Bhuthalingam Ramya , Lim Pei Qi , A Irvine Scott , Agrawal Animesh , Mhaisalkar Priyadarshini S , An Jia , Chua Chee Kai , Venkatraman Subbu
Published: July 2015

The application of bioprinting allows precision deposition of biological materials for bioengineering applications. Here we propose a 2 stage methodology for bioprinting using a back pressure-driven, automated robotic dispensing system. This apparatus can prepare topographic guidance features for cell orientation and then bioprint cells directly onto them. Topographic guidance features generate cues that influence adhered cell morphology and phenotype. The robotic dispensing system was modified to include a sharpened stylus that etched on a polystyrene surface. The same computer-aided design (CAD) software was used for both precision control of etching and bioink deposition. Various etched groove patterns such as linear, concentric circles, and sinusoidal wave patterns were possible. Fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were able to sense the grooves, as shown by their elongation and orientation in the direction of the features. The orientated MSCs displayed indications of lineage commitment as detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. A 2% gelatin bioink was then used to dispense cells onto the etched features using identical, programmed co-ordinates. The bioink allows the cells to contact sense the pattern while containing their deposition within the printed pattern.
The influence of doxorubicin incorporated in phospholipid drug delivery nanosystem on HEPG2 cells proteome
Authors: Kuznetzova K.G. , Kazlas E.V. , Torkhovskaya T.I. , Karalkin P.A. , Vachrushev I.V. , Zakharova T.S. , Sanzhakov M.A. , Moshkovskiy S.A. , Ipatova O.M.
Published: July 2015

A phospholipid drug delivery nanosystem with particle size up to 30 nm elaborated at the Institute of Biomedical Chemistry has been used earlier for incorporation of doxorubicin (Doxolip). This system demonstrated higher antitumor effect in vivo as compared with free doxorubicin. In this study the effect of this nanosystem containing doxorubicin on HepG2 cell proteome has been investigated. Cells were incubated in a medium containing phospholipid nanoparticles (0.5 mg/ml doxorubicin, 10 mg/mL phosphatidylcholine). After incubation for 48 h their survival represented 10% as compared with untreated cells. Cell proteins were analyzed by quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by identification of differentially expressed proteins with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The phospholipid transport nanosystem itself insignificantly influenced the cell proteome thus confirming previous data on its safety. Doxorubicin, as both free substance and Doxolip (i.e. included into phospholipid nanoparticles) induced changes in expression of 28 proteins. Among these proteins only four of them demonstrated different in response to the effect of the free drug substance and Doxolip. Doxolip exhibited a more pronounced effect on expression of certain proteins; the latter indirectly implies increased penetration of the drug substance (included into nanoparticles) into the tumor cells. Increased antitumor activity of doxorubicin included into phospholipid nanoparticles may be associated with more active increase of specific protein expression.
Effects of berberine on the recovery of rat liver xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Zverinsky I.V. , Zverinskaya H.G. , Sutsko I.P. , Telegin P.G. , Shlyahtun A.G.
Published: July 2015

We have studied the effect of berberine on the recovery processes of liver xenobiotic-metabolizing function during its compensatory growth after 70% partial hepatectomy. It was found the hepatic ability to metabolize foreign substances are not restored up to day 8. Administration of berberine (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) for 6 days led to normalization of both cytochrome P450-dependent and flavin-containing monooxygenases. It is suggested that in the biotransformation of berberine involved not only cytochrome P450, but also flavin-containing monooxygenases.
Keratinized Gingiva Height Increases After Alveolar Corticotomy and Augmentation Bone Grafting
Authors: Wilcko M. Thomas , Ferguson Donald J. , Makki Laith , Wilcko William M.
Published: July 2015

Background: The aim of the present study is to compare the keratinized gingival tissue (KT) height labial to the mandibular incisors after active orthodontic treatment (AOT) with and without alveolar corticotomy and bone grafting.

Methods: Two orthodontically treated groups of 35 patients each, with (Cort) and without (Conv) alveolar decortication and augmentation bone grafting, are matched in this case‐control study for sample size, sex, mandibular premolar extractions, pretreatment age, post‐treatment observation period, and pretreatment KT height. Standardized digital frontal occlusion photographs taken before and at least 1 year after AOT were adjusted to 96 dots per inch and measured with image analysis software for vertical KT height labial to each mandibular incisor.

Results: An average of 1.5 years after completion of AOT, KT height had increased significantly by 0.78 mm (P < 0.001) in the Cort group and decreased 0.38 mm (P = 0.002) in the Conv group; a 1.28‐mm KT height gain was demonstrated in the subgroup representing the lowest half of Cort KT height at pretreatment. Mandibular incisor inclination and prominence explained neither the decrease in KT height in Conv nor the KT height gain in Cort.

Conclusions: Orthodontic therapy combined with alveolar decortication and augmentation bone grafting resulted in a significant increase in KT height. Although KT height surrounding the dentition has been devalued by evidence‐based studies, the value‐added protection of KT height increase after decortication and augmentation bone grafting offsets the concerns of orthodontic proclination or expanding mandibular incisors facially.
A high-performance integrated hydrodynamic modelling system for urban flood simulations
Authors: Liang Qiuhua , Smith Luke S.
Published: July 2015

A new High-Performance Integrated hydrodynamic Modelling System (Hi-PIMS) is tested for urban flood simulation. The software solves the two-dimensional shallow water equations using a first-order accurate Godunov-type shock-capturing scheme incorporated with the Harten, Lax and van Leer approximate Riemann solver with the contact wave restored (HLLC) for flux evaluation. The benefits of modern graphics processing units are explored to accelerate large-scale high-resolution simulations. In order to test its performance, the tool is applied to predict flood inundation due to rainfall and a point source surface flow in Glasgow, Scotland, and a hypothetical inundation event at different spatial resolutions in Thamesmead, England, caused by embankment failure. Numerical experiments demonstrate potential benefits for high-resolution modelling of urban flood inundation, and a much-improved level of performance without compromising result quality.
Artificial neural network ensemble modeling with exploratory factor analysis for streamflow forecasting
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Seo Il Won
Published: July 2015

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a powerful data-driven modeling tool. The selection of the input variable is an important task in the development of an ANN model. However, at present in ANN modeling, the input variables are usually determined by trial and error methods. Further, the ANN modeler usually selects a single ‘good’ result, and accepts it as the final result without detailed explanation of the initial weight parameter. In this way, the ANN model cannot guarantee that the model will produce the optimal result for later predictions. In this study, the ANN ensemble model with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was developed and applied to three stations in the Nakdong River, Korea for the 1-day ahead streamflow forecasting. EFA was used to select the input variables of the ANN model, and then the ensemble modeling was applied to estimate the performance of the ANN to remove the influence of initial weight parameters on the model results. In the result, the ANN ensemble model with the input variables proposed by EFA produced more accurate and reliable forecasts than other models with several combinations of input variables. Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) results in the validation were 0.92, 0.95, and 0.97, respectively.
Numerical analysis of hydraulic jumps using OpenFOAM
Authors: Bayon-Barrachina Arnau , Lopez-Jimenez Petra Amparo
Published: July 2015

The present paper deals with a hydraulic jump study, characterization and numerical modeling. Hydraulic jumps constitute a common phenomenon in the hydraulics of open channels that increases the shear stress on streambeds, so promoting their erosion. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model is proposed to analyze hydraulic jumps in horizontal smooth rectangular prismatic open-air channels (i.e., the so-called classical hydraulic jump). Turbulence is modeled using three widely used Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models, namely: Standard k − ɛ, RNG k − ɛ, and SST k − ω. The coexistence of two fluids and the definition of an interface between them are treated using a volume method in Cartesian grids of several element sizes. An innovative way to deal with the outlet boundary condition that allows the size of the simulated domain to be reduced is presented. A case study is conducted for validation purposes (FR1 ∼ 6.10, Re1 ∼ 3.5·105): several variables of interest are computed (sequent depths, efficiency, roller length, free surface profile, etc.) and compared to previous studies, achieving accuracies above 98% in all cases. In the light of the results, the model can be applied to real-life cases of design of hydraulic structures.
Data quality assessment in hydrological information systems
Authors: Chao Li , Hui Zhou , Xiaofeng Zhou
Published: July 2015

The hydrological data fed to hydrological decision support systems might be untimely, incomplete, inconsistent or illogical due to network congestion, low performance of servers, instrument failures, human errors, etc. It is imperative to assess, monitor and even control the quality of hydrological data residing in or acquired from each link of a hydrological data supply chain. However, the traditional quality management of hydrological data has focused mainly on intrinsic quality problems, such as outlier detection, nullity interpolation, consistency, completeness, etc., and could not be used to assess the quality of application – that is, consumed data in the form of data supply chain and with a granularity of tasks. To achieve these objectives, we first present a methodology to derive quality dimensions from hydrological information system by questionnaire and show the cognitive differences in quality dimension importance, then analyze the correlations between the tasks, classify them into five categories and construct the quality assessment model with time limits in the data supply chain. Exploratory experiments suggest the assessment system can provide data quality (DQ) indicators to DQ assessors, and enable authorized consumers to monitor and even control the quality of data used in an application with a granularity of tasks.
Efficient joint probability analysis of flood risk
Authors: Zheng Feifei , Leonard Michael , Westra Seth
Published: July 2015

Flood attributes such as the water level may depend on multiple forcing variables that arise from common meteorological conditions. To correctly estimate flood risk in these situations, it is necessary to account for the joint probability distribution of all the relevant forcing variables. An example of a joint probability approach is the design variable method, which focuses on the extremes of the forcing variables, and approximates the hydraulic response to forcing variables with a water level table. In practice, however, application of the design variable method is limited, even for the bivariate case, partly because of the high computational cost of the hydrologic/hydraulic simulations. We develop methods to minimise the computational cost and assess the appropriate extent and resolution of the water level table in a bivariate context. Flood risk is then evaluated as a bivariate integral, which we implement as an equivalent line integral. The line integral is two orders of magnitude quicker and therefore beneficial to settings that require multiple evaluations of the flood risk (e.g., optimisation studies or uncertainty analyses). The proposed method is illustrated using a coastal case study in which floods are caused by extreme rainfall and storm tide. An open-source R package has been developed to facilitate the uptake of joint probability methods among researchers and practitioners.
Assimilation of weather radar and binary ubiquitous sensor measurements for quantitative precipitation estimation
Authors: Hill David J.
Published: July 2015

Assimilation of data from heterogeneous sensors and sensor networks is critical for achieving accurate measurements of environmental processes at the time and space scales necessary to improve forecasting and decision-making. Owing to different measurement accuracies and types of spatial and/or temporal measurement support of the component sensors, it is often unclear how best to combine these data. This study explores the utility of ubiquitous sensors producing categorical wet/dry rainfall measurements for improving the resolution of areal quantitative precipitation estimates through fusion with weather radar observations. The model developed in this study employs a Markov random field model to compute the probability of rainfall at sub-grid pixels. These likelihoods are used to ‘unmix’ the cell-averaged rainfall rate measured by the radar. Simulation studies using synthetic and known rainfall fields reveal that the model can improve remotely sensed quantitative rainfall intensity measurements by 40% using networks of ubiquitous sensors with a density of 56 sensors per square kilometer, and for denser networks, the accuracy can increase by as much as 50%.
A Statistical Model for Wind Power Forecast Error Based on Kernel Density Estimation
Authors: Liu Liyang , Wu Junji , Meng Shaoliang
Published: July 2015

Wind power has been developed rapidly as a clean energy in recent years. The forecast error of wind power,
however, makes it difficult to use wind power effectively. In some former statistical models, the forecast error was usually
assumed to be a Gaussian distribution, which had proven to be unreliable after a statistical analysis. In this paper, a more
suitable probability density function for wind power forecast error based on kernel density estimation was proposed. The
proposed model is a non-parametric statistical algorithm and can directly obtain the probability density function from the
error data, which do not need to make any assumptions. This paper also presented an optimal bandwidth algorithm for
kernel density estimation by using particle swarm optimization, and employed a Chi-squared test to validate the model.
Compared with Gaussian distribution and Beta distribution, the mean squared error and Chi-squared test show that the
proposed model is more effective and reliable.
Strategic Research on China Domestic Power System Modeling
Authors: Ye Wang
Published: July 2015

Power system modeling is a software management tool for managing electricity demand, power system trading
electricity and power system generation expansion planning purposes, through the combination of various models and
their comparison, which can be used by the Government for its policy support and by the power enterprises for their business
development planning decision support, and ensure that power enterprises can provide sufficient and safe quality
power supplies at the lowest economic and environmental costs. Based on the study of existing power system models of
advanced western countries as well as the current domestic power system modeling status, this article puts forward some
proposals and ideas on building domestic power system models.
A 24×24 Microstrip Array Antenna at K-band
Authors: Zhongxiang Zhang , Chenghua Fan , Liang Zhang , Meng Kong
Published: July 2015

A 24×24 microstrip array antenna for Doppler radar is presented. For the low sidelobe, the feeding network of
microstrip array antenna is used Taylor series amplitude weighting. The sidelobe of microstrip array antenna is less than -
18.5 dB at 24.15GHz. The proposal design is confirmed by both simulation and measured results.
Temperature Field and Thermal Stress Analyses of High-Speed Train
Brake Disc Under Pad Variations
Authors: Jiguang Chen , Fei Gao
Published: July 2015

Transient heat transfer analysis of disc brake has been performed to find out an ideal shape of pad geometry.
The analysis has taken frictional heat between brake disc and pads as heat flux onto the friction surface, the disc and the
pad's temperature fields then were explored involving thermal conduction, forced convection and surface radiation effects.
The disc thermal expansion stress was then acquired by quasi-static analysis using its temperature of aforesaid heat
transfer analysis. Five prototypes of pad designs with geometry and volume variations were implemented for analytical
comparison. Both pads and disc are required to have lower and uniform temperature field and thermal stress. The results
uncover that heat conduction is domination in heat dissipation progress during braking, and big volume pad is cooler. Pad
volume has more impact to heat transfer procedure and temperature gradient than pad geometry variation does. The design
has 10 triangle pads is considered to be an ideal candidate. Its maximum disc temperature and thermal stress are the least
among the five designs.
Numerical Simulation Study of Three-Dimensional Flow Field on Roots-
Type Power Machine Based on Dynamic Mesh Technique
Authors: Yanjun Xiao , Yuxiang Liu , Dayuan Wang , Chunxia Li
Published: July 2015

Expander which drives an electromotor to generate electricity is the core of low-temperature waste heat
recovery equipment. At present, domestic expanders on waste heat recovery system mostly arise from exploration,
research and improvement on the existing models of screw expanders and scroll expanders, which have complex
structures and high costs. For overcoming the shortcomings mentioned above, a new roots-type power machine is
researched and designed. In this paper, the working fluid of low pressure waste heat is stimulated according to both the
different operating conditions and the different intake and exhaust pressure and flow, and the changing process of internal
flow field is simulated over the time period using dynamic mesh technique when the power machine is in rotating work.
Besides, the pressure field, velocity field and graph of mass flow rate are analyzed with the simulation results, thus
obtaining the conclusion of optimum operating conditions of the roots-type power machine to guide selection method in
practice, that is, selecting appropriate roots-type power machines according to different types of waste heat in industrial
production. These efforts can therefore provide strong theoretical guidance and foundation for the subsequent engineering
practice of waste heat recovery system on roots-type power machine, and can have a profound impact on further recovery
and utilization of low-grade energy.
Research on Desk Personalized Ventilation in Winter Based on CFD
Authors: Fei Liu , Dongliang Zhang
Published: July 2015

The excellent desk personalized ventilation scheme is found in this paper by the way of comparing the four
winter air supply schemes, basing on the numerical simulation software of CFD. We find that air supply quality and air
supply angle are both the important factors to personalized ventilation individual comfort in winter. The air temperature
and velocity surrounding the human body of the excellent desk personalized ventilation scheme are discussed. It comes to
the conclusions that under simulated conditions the excellent desk personalized ventilation scheme can better satisfy the
human body comfort on the surrounding air temperature and healthy than the traditional air conditioning, and it is easier
to achieve energy saving too.
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocities Using Real-Time Phase-Contrast MRI
Authors: Joseph Arun A. , Fasshauser Martin , Merboldt Klaus-Dietmar , Frahm Jens
Published: July 2015

Purpose:

To evaluate aortic pulse wave velocities obtained by real-time phase-contrast (PC) MRI in comparison to cine PC MRI.

Methods:

Real-time PC MRI of eight healthy volunteers employed highly undersampled radial FLASH sequences and
phase-sensitive image reconstructions by regularized nonlinear inversion (NLINV) at 40 ms temporal resolution and 1.3
mm in-plane resolution. Pulse wave velocities were analyzed for combinations of 2, 3 and 4 locations of aortic flow using
time-to-upslope and cross-correlation methods.

Results:

For the time-to-upslope analysis mean pulse wave velocities ranged from 3.5 to 3.9 m s-1 for real-time PC MRI
and from 3.5 to 3.8 m s-1 for cine PC MRI. A cross-correlation analysis of the same data resulted in 2.9 to 3.3 m s-1 and 3.3
to 3.7 m s-1, respectively.

Conclusion:

Real-time PC MRI determined aortic pulse wave velocities from single cardiac cycles in close correspondence
to values obtained by cine PC MRI.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Glucoside as Montmorillonite
Swelling Inhibitor
Authors: Hao Hua-rui , Xue Cheng-hu , Chen Gang , Zhao Jing-rui , Hong Li
Published: July 2015

Methylglucoside (MEG) has been used in the water-based mud with fine montmorillonite (MMT) swelling
inhibition, but it still has such shortages as large concentration and low thermostability. In this work, carboxymethyl glucoside
(CMG) was synthesized with glucose and sodium chloroacetate and used as swelling inhibitor. The inhibition of
CMG against clay swelling was investigated by MMT linear expansion test, mud ball immersing test and bentonite inhibition
test. The results showed that the CMG has a good inhibition to the hydration swelling and dispersion of MMT. Under
lower concentrations, the linear expansion rate of MMT in CMG solution is much lower than that of MEG, and the hydration
expansion degree of the mud ball in the CMG solution was significantly inhibited. The characterizations of physicalchemical
properties of particle, analysized by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed that
CMG plays a great role in preventing water from absorbing and keeps MMT in large particle size.
Diagnostic approach to localised organising pneumonia: A case report
Authors: Djuric Mirna , Povazan Djordje , Djuric Dejan , Eri Zivka , Trudic Anika
Published: July 2015

Introduction. Localised organising pneumonia, radiologically presented with
oval or round shadows mimicing lung cancer or metastases, is a major issue in
differential diagnosis. Case report. A female patient was hospitalized to
clarified the etiology of multiple nodular lung lesions. The chest X-ray and
the chest computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral patchy and nodular
shadows, and round lung lesions, respectively. Neither sputum analyses, nor
histology of bronchoscopy samples clarified the etiology of these lung
lesions. As secondary deposits in the lungs were suspected, video-assisted
thoracoscopy and anterolateral right minithoracotomy with atypical upper and
lower lobe resection were performed. The frozen-section analysis suggested
the benign nature of the lesion, and the definite histopathological finding
of localised organising pneumonia was established. Due to bilateral lung
lesions, corticosteroids were applied. Seven weeks later, the chest CT
finding revealed a total regression of the lesions. Conclusion. A surgical
resection was necessary to diagnose the localised organising pneumonia which
mimiced secondary malignant lesions, thus establishing the definite etiology
of lung lesions. Bronchoscopic cryobiopsy, recently introduced in order to
obtain peripheral lung biopsy samples, has provided new possibilities in the
diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung diseases.
Lymphoproliferative neoplasms and renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type - where is the link?
Authors: Cvetkovic Zorica , Suvajdzic-Vukovic Nada , Cvetkovic Bora
Published: July 2015

Introduction. The etiology of higher than expected occurrence of
lymphoproliferative neoplasms (LPN) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the
same patient has not yet been clarified. Several explanations for this
co-occurrence have been postulated: prior cytotoxic treatment, viral
infections, immunomodulatory effects of tumor itself and shared genetic
and/or environmental factors. Case report. Medical records of 680 consecutive
patients with LPN and 570 consecutive patients with RCC diagnosed between
January 1997 and December 2011 in two centers were retrospectively analyzed.
Co-occurrence of both diseases was registered in five of the patients (3
males, 2 females) and their demographic, clinical and pathological
characteristics were presented. Conclusion. Synchronous occurrence of LPN
neoplasms and RCC or a short latent period between the diagnoses of these two
malignancies in the same patient, as well as the lack of cytotoxic treatment
for firstly occurring neoplasm implies a possible common pathobiology of both
diseases.
Chilaiditi's sign and syndrome: Theoretical facts and a case report
Authors: Zvezdin Biljana , Savic Nevena , Hromis Sanja , Kolarov Violeta , Tausan Djordje , Krnjajic Bojana
Published: July 2015

Introduction. Chilaiditi's syndrome is a rare condition manifested by
gastrointestinal symptoms, and radiologically verified by transposition of
the large intestine loop. This radiological finding with no manifested
symptoms is termed the Chilaiditi's sign. The aim of this case report was to
remind the clinicians of the possibility of this rare syndrome, whose
symptoms and signs may be misinterpreted and inadequately treated, with
consequent diverse complications. Case report. We presented the theoretical
facts and a patient in whom the diagnosis of Chilaiditi's syndrome was
established incidentally, when hospitalized for an exacerbation of his
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Chilaiditi's sign was verified as
an incidental finding on chest X-ray performed to evaluate the primary
disease. Conclusion. Chilaiditi's syndrome is a benign condition which rarely
requires surgery. Its clinical importance lies in adequate differential
diagnostic approach and timely management of potentially serious
complications.
Treatment of teeth in the esthetic zone in a patient with amelogenesis imperfecta using composite veneers and the clear matrix technique: A case report
Authors: Bogosavljevic Aleksandar , Misina Vanja , Jordacevic Jovana , Abazovic Milka , Dukic Smiljka , Ristic Ljubisa , Dakovic Dragana
Published: July 2015

Introduction. Restorative dental treatment of patients with a generalized
form of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) remains a challenge even today. The
treatment approach is multidisciplinary and includes action of several dental
disciplines such as restorative, orthodontic, and prosthetic dental
specialties. Case report. A 18-year-old female patent was referred to the
Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology at the Military
Medical Academy of Belgrade, Serbia. She was diagnosed with AI and formerly
had been treated for a long period of time at the Department of Pediatric
Dentistry and Orthodontics. Her primary concern upon arrival was discomfort
and concern for the esthetic appearance of the anterior teeth. The treatment
was done with the modified clear matrix technique used in composite veneer
restoration of teeth in the esthetic zone. Conclusion. Because fixed
prosthetic restoration with crowns, is the final treatment of AI patients it
involves severe tooth structure loss. The clear matrix method which was done
in this case allowed for greater comfort, functionality, simplicity, speed,
greater economic efficiency and tooth structure preservation.
Elucidation of melt flows and spatter formation mechanisms during high power laser welding of pure titanium
Authors: Nakamura Hiroshi , Kawahito Yousuke , Nishimoto Koji , Katayama Seiji
Published: July 2015

This study was undertaken to clarify the relationship among the laser-induced plume ejected from the keyhole, the melt flows in the molten pool, and the formation mechanisms of spatters ejected from the molten pool during 10 kW laser welding of a pure titanium plate. High-speed video camera observation results showed that laser-induced plumes occurred at intervals of about 0.5 ms, and that the maximum plume ejection velocity reached 250 m/s. Three-dimensional X-ray transmission in-situ observation of the weld molten pool with tungsten carbide tracers revealed that the melt flowed mainly along the bottom of the molten pool from the keyhole tip to the rear part and then from the rear to the front near the surface of the molten pool at high speeds, while the melt in front of a keyhole flowed upward along the keyhole wall at a velocity of less than 0.6 m/s and then was accelerated to 2.1 m/s at the height of about 2 mm above the keyhole inlet. One-way upward melt flows were continuously piled up at the tip of the elongated melt, resulting in spattering as droplets from the molten pool due to the strong ejection of laser-induced plumes. Spatters were formed from part of a molten metal elongated around the keyhole inlet, and approximately 20 ms was required to form spatters. About 80% of spatters were generated from melts of the front or sides of the keyhole at the speeds of less than 50 mm/s. When the welding speed increased from 50–100 mm/s to 300 mm/s, the ratio and the size of spatters occurring from the rear part of a keyhole increased from 20% to 80% and became smaller than 1 mm.
A message from Prof. Jai Raj Awasthi
Authors: Awasthi Jai Raj
Published: July 2015

Journal of NELTA Surkhet Vol.4 2014: iv