bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new high-resolution geomagnetic field model for southern Africa
Authors: Nel Amore E. , Morschhauser Achim , Vervelidou Foteini , Matzka Jürgen
Published: January 2024

Earth’s magnetic field is a dynamic, changing phenomenon. The geomagnetic field consists of contributions from several sources, of which the main field originating in Earth’s core makes up the bulk. On regional and local scales at Earth’s surface, the lithospheric field can make a substantial contribution to the overall field and therefore needs to be considered in field models. A locally derived regional core field model, named HMOREG, has been shown to give accurate predictions of the southern African region. In this study, a new regional field model called the South African Regional Core and Crust model (SARCC) is introduced. This is the first time that a local lithospheric model, estimated by employing the revised spherical cap harmonic analysis modelling method, has been combined with the core component of CHAOS-6, a global field model. It is compared here with the existing regional field model as well as with global core field models. The SARCC model shows small-scale variations that are not present in the other three models. Including a lithospheric magnetic field component likely contributed to the better performance of the SARCC model when compared to other global and local field models. The SARCC model showed a 33% reduction in error compared to surface observations obtained from field surveys and INTERMAGNET stations in the Y component, and HMOREG showed a 7% reduction in error compared to the global field models. The new model can easily be updated with global geomagnetic models that incorporate the most recent, state-of-the-art core and magnetospheric field models.
Significance:
Earth’s magnetic field is an integral part of many current navigational methods in use. Updates of geomagnetic field models are required to ensure the accuracy of maps, navigation, and positioning information. The SARCC regional geomagnetic field model introduced here was compared with global geomagnetic field models, and the inclusion of a lithospheric magnetic field component likely contributed to the better performance of the SARCC model. This regional model of southern Africa could easily be updated on a regular basis, and used for high-resolution information on the Earth’s magnetic field for the wider scientific community.
The profile of postdoctoral research fellows in South Africa: Trends over the past two decades
Authors: Prozesky Heidi , Van Schalkwyk François
Published: January 2024

The need for evidence on postdoctoral research fellows, or ‘postdocs’, has become increasingly evident globally, as many countries, including South Africa, lack information on these researchers. We used existing sources of quantitative data to provide a longitudinal profile of postdocs at South African public universities. These sources include national research-and-development surveys and data from the national Higher Education Management Information System. Our focus was on postdocs’ representation and research intensity (i.e. time spent on research) within the national research system, as well as on two key demographic features, namely nationality and gender. We draw comparisons with findings reported for other countries to situate our results within the global science system. Interpretation of our results leads us to comment on global and national developments and policies relevant to postdocs.
Significance:

This article provides, for the first time, longitudinal, quantitative evidence at the national level about postdocs in South Africa, a category of early-career researcher which has been growing in size and relevance but has remained largely invisible.
The findings provide the basis for a critical reflection on current discourses and policies related to postdocs in South Africa.
Interpretation of the findings allows us to identify priorities for future research on postdocs in South Africa that would be most useful to inform both national and institutional policy.
The effect of elevated carbon dioxide on the medicinal properties of Portulacaria afra
Authors: Basson Domonique C. , Van Vuuren Sandy , Risenga Ida M.
Published: January 2024

There is a global concern that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations may impact the medicinal or nutritional properties of medicinal plants. Portulacaria afra is a South African medicinal plant that is used by traditional healers to treat various skin conditions. The aim of this study was to determine whether elevated CO2 concentrations would affect the medicinal properties of the leaves of P. afra. This was achieved by comparing the phytochemical presence, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the leaves of P. afra which were exposed to ambient (420 ppm) and elevated (600 ppm) CO2 concentrations of plants grown in greenhouse conditions. The results revealed that leaf samples that were exposed to elevated CO2 concentrations exhibited a significant increase in flavonoid presence, compared to the control group. The antioxidant activity of the leaves of P. afra (DPPH activity) remained mostly unchanged in the samples that were exposed to elevated CO2 concentrations. The antimicrobial activity efficacy against Cutibacterium acnes increased with increasing global atmospheric CO2 concentration. These findings suggest that P. afra is a resilient medicinal plant and that its leaves may continue to provide relief against certain ailments, despite rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations.
Significance:

Portulacaria afra is a South African medicinally important species that shows great resilience against elevated CO2 concentrations. 
It is important to anticipate how changing environmental factors, such as rising CO2 concentrations, may affect natural resources.
The phytochemical profile and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the various plant parts either remained the same or increased after exposure to an elevated CO2 concentration of 600 ppm.
Fusarium and fumonisin in GM maize grown by small-scale farmers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Rheeder John P. , Van der Westhuizen Liana
Published: January 2024

The genetic modification (GM) of maize to contain proteins that act to control insects has become a widespread agricultural practice. Although the reduction of insect damage to maize ears could potentially increase crop yield, rural small-scale farmers might be reluctant to buy expensive GM seed every season even when the lower fungal infection of the GM maize might also result in health benefits. This study was conducted over 5 years in three districts of northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to study the Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum infection and fumonisin contamination levels in Bt maize, Roundup- Ready® maize, conventional commercial maize and traditional landrace maize planted by rural farmers following their traditional agricultural practices. Mean Fusarium infection rates varied between 3.0% and 38.3% with large standard deviations. Fusarium infection was not significantly different (p>0.05) between the various genotypes, possibly due to the wide variation in results and low sample numbers. Although the fumonisin results also showed wide variation, the trend of contamination was lower in Bt maize compared to conventional commercial genotypes. The mean fumonisin levels in Bt hybrids were mostly <300 μg/kg, ensuring a safe maize supply in populations consuming maize as a dietary staple. The wide variations in Fusarium and fumonisin levels within each district point to the influence of local agricultural practices, local environmental conditions, and seasonal variations. Reducing exposure to fumonisins in these communities requires both further attention to the possible influence of these factors, as well as the use of appropriate post-harvest strategies.
Significance:
This study was the first in South Africa to follow rural farmers planting Bt and commercial maize hybrids as well as open-pollinated landrace maize, according to their traditional agricultural practices. The results show that in some instances the Bt maize had the lowest fumonisin levels.
Comment on Havenga et al. (2022): Standard heat stress indices may not be appropriate for assessing marathons
Authors: Simpson Charles H.
Published: January 2024

Open data set: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8348335
Use of sulfur dioxide to reduce postharvest decay and preserve the quality of fresh tomatoes
Authors: Daniel-Swartland Chanel K. , Meitz-Hopkins Julia C. , Vries Filicity A. , Lennox Cheryl L.
Published: January 2024

Tomatoes are an important and versatile crop with a short shelf life. Postharvest losses due to fruit decay and handling are reportedly as high as 30–50% globally; therefore, the agricultural sector would benefit from solutions that target the preservation of crops such as tomatoes. In this study, we investigated the potential use of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to provide postharvest protection against fungal decay in tomatoes whilst maintaining the quality of tomato fruit. Three tomato varieties packed as bulk (3–5 kg) cartons were exposed to SO2-generating sheets applied as either a top sheet over the fruit or a bottom sheet placed on the base of the carton before packing the fruit on the top. The results show that the application of SO2-generating sheets reduced the natural progression of decay on ‘Roma’ tomatoes by up to 60% and up to 80% on ‘Rosa’ tomatoes. Only marginal decay control was observed on ‘Round’ tomatoes. The top sheet application rendered the best results, as the application of the bottom sheet resulted in phytotoxicity in the form of SO2 damage. SO2 application reduced fruit shrivelling, especially when tomatoes were stored at higher temperatures during their shelf life. The application of SO2 on the tomatoes did not have any negative effects on fruit firmness. The results of this study provide a case to further explore the use of SO2-generating sheets on tomatoes to prevent postharvest decay. Differences in varietal physiology may be key to the successful application of this technology.
Significance:
Tomatoes are a crop that is highly susceptible to postharvest decay. These effects lie mainly with the end consumer. Besides the monetary loss of buying a commodity that rots quickly, pathogens infecting tomatoes are known to produce mycotoxins that pose a risk to human health. With food availability and safety concerns, the application of a product that could reduce these concerns would be beneficial to the agricultural sector.
La etnoeducación como instrumento para la promoción del desarrollo sustentable. Un análisis desde la cienciometría
Authors: Semanate Quiñonez Hugo Alexander , Serna Mendoza Ciro Alfonso
Published: January 2024

Ethno-education allows advancing towards interculturality, recognizing the diversity of cultures in Colombia; however, there is no evidence of a clear formative route as a social project that vindicates the knowledge of the communities and allows strengthening the processes of cultural identity necessary for the survival of the Indigenous Peoples. The objective of this work is to answer whether ethno education contributes to the promotion of sustainable development from the pedagogical act of the Indigenous Peoples. For this, a literature review was carried out from the most cited publications from the years 2017 to 2021 in the Scopus,Web of Science and Dimensions databases, selected by the English language, Spanish and the keywords indexed in the UNESCO Thesauri dictionary. In the analysis of scientific production, the scientometric tools RStudio-Cloud, Bibliometrix and the Tree of Science (ToS) method were used. The VOSviewer and Gephi software were also used to identify the research subareas and generate the knowledge network. The work allowed marking the evolution of the annual scientific production with 1,127 scientific documents, the thematic map with emerging topics related to pedagogy, teaching, culture, ancestral knowledge, and the knowledge network forged by the most important authors for this work. As a main conclusion, it was identified that the educational processes should arise from the heart of the ethnic communities, which seek to transmit ancestral practices, promote sustainability, educate the being without adapting it to developmentalist doctrines and educational models.
La planificación temporal y la evaluación en la formación online de docentes en el aprendizaje integrado de contenido y lengua / Time planning and evaluation in online pre-service teacher training in CLIL
Authors: Carrió-Pastor María Luisa , Romero Forteza Francesca
Published: January 2024

The objectives of this analysis are, in the first place, to identify the steps to design an adequate time planning of the online subjects designed to train teachers in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). In the second place, to propose the specific kind of evaluation that allows us to assess the knowledge acquired by online students and, finally, to show the methodological aspects that may benefit lecturers in the design of online subjects. In order to attain these objectives, we identified the steps that are proposed in the different subjects of the diploma University Expert with Professional Competence for Teaching in Valencian that was taught at Universitat Politècnica de València during the academic years 2016-17 and 2017-18 to a total of 1,200 students. Then, we analysed and spotted the different parts of the time planning designed by the teachers of the subjects taught in the diploma and the different types of evaluation proposed. From this analysis, the time planning and evaluation were compared with the marks obtained in the subjects as well as the subjects’ questionnaires to know the efficacy of the time planning and evaluation carried out in the online subjects. When the results were extracted, the data were discussed and some recommendations were given to the teachers of online subjects. Finally, conclusions were drawn.
Adivinanzas en el aula de ele: literatura oral, patrimonio e innovación educativa / Riddles in the SFL class: oral literature, heritage and educational innovation
Authors: Palmer Ítaca , Campos F.-Fígares Mar
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to address the Teaching of Spanish as a
Foreign Language (TSFL) through the use of short traditional or popular
texts. These are closer in character to spoken language, thus providing
an opportunity to implement a competence-based approach to learning -namely through communicative competence, which is at the centre of
standard syllabi today. These popular texts are presented here as a tool
for teaching cultural heritage as well as being an optimal base for
creative writing workshops. All of which is carried out through the use
of new classroom technologies and other, similar texts with which to
create an educational audiovisual catalogue for the classroom and/or the
school.

 
 

 

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Detectar idioma
Afrikáans
Albanés
Alemán
Amhárico
Árabe
Armenio
Azerí
Bengalí
Bielorruso
Birmano
Bosnio
Búlgaro
Camboyano
Canarés
Catalán
Cebuano
Checo
Chichewa
Chino simp
Chino trad
Cincalés
Coreano
Corso
Criollo haitiano
Croata
Danés
Eslovaco
Esloveno
Español
Esperanto
Estonio
Euskera
Finlandés
Francés
Frisio
Gaélico escocés
Galés
Gallego
Georgiano
Griego
Gujarati
Hausa
Hawaiano
Hebreo
Hindi
Hmong
Holandés
Húngaro
Igbo
Indonesio
Inglés
Irlandés
Islandés
Italiano
Japonés
Javanés
Kazajo
Kirguís
Kurdo
Lao
Latín
Letón
Lituano
Luxemburgués
Macedonio
Malayalam
Malayo
Malgache
Maltés
Maorí
Maratí
Mongol
Nepalí
Noruego
Panyabí
Pastún
Persa
Polaco
Portugués
Rumano
Ruso
Samoano
Serbio
Sesoto
Shona
Sindhi
Somalí
Suajili
Sueco
Sundanés
Tagalo
Tailandés
Tamil
Tayiko
Telugu
Turco
Ucraniano
Urdu
Uzbeco
Vietnamita
Xhosa
Yidis
Yoruba
Zulú

 

Afrikáans
Albanés
Alemán
Amhárico
Árabe
Armenio
Azerí
Bengalí
Bielorruso
Birmano
Bosnio
Búlgaro
Camboyano
Canarés
Catalán
Cebuano
Checo
Chichewa
Chino simp
Chino trad
Cincalés
Coreano
Corso
Criollo haitiano
Croata
Danés
Eslovaco
Esloveno
Español
Esperanto
Estonio
Euskera
Finlandés
Francés
Frisio
Gaélico escocés
Galés
Gallego
Georgiano
Griego
Gujarati
Hausa
Hawaiano
Hebreo
Hindi
Hmong
Holandés
Húngaro
Igbo
Indonesio
Inglés
Irlandés
Islandés
Italiano
Japonés
Javanés
Kazajo
Kirguís
Kurdo
Lao
Latín
Letón
Lituano
Luxemburgués
Macedonio
Malayalam
Malayo
Malgache
Maltés
Maorí
Maratí
Mongol
Nepalí
Noruego
Panyabí
Pastún
Persa
Polaco
Portugués
Rumano
Ruso
Samoano
Serbio
Sesoto
Shona
Sindhi
Somalí
Suajili
Sueco
Sundanés
Tagalo
Tailandés
Tamil
Tayiko
Telugu
Turco
Ucraniano
Urdu
Uzbeco
Vietnamita
Xhosa
Yidis
Yoruba
Zulú

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
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Written production in EFL through blogging and cooperative learning at A-level
Authors: Montaner-Villalba Salvador
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Our main objective is to verify whether learners improved their level of EFL written production through blogging from the perspective of the Cooperative Learning approach. The learners participating in this experiment were in their 1st academic year of A-levels within the Spanish education system. Their level of English was B1 according to the CEFR. Having identified the learners’ level related to EFL written production, one research question was established to confirm whether learners improved their level of written production through blogging. From this research question, the following starting hypothesis was created: 1. Blogging helps learners increase their EFL written production within the Cooperative Learning approach. The chosen method was action-research implying, thus, that quantitative outcomes were analyzed. The results were quite satisfactory implying, in consequence, that this current paper is worth and interesting since not much research has been published at non-university education and, in particular, in A-level studies.
Keywords: EFL; Written Production; Blogging; Cooperative Learning; A-level.
Power Games and Wage Negotiations in China's New Energy Vehicle Industry
Authors: Jia Wenjuan , You Siyu
Published: January 2024

China has launched a comprehensive low‐carbon transition strategy at the same time as the concept of just transition is receiving extensive international attention from the academic community. A just transition needs to embrace the interests of workers in the new energy industry as well as those of miners and others facing job losses in traditional industries. Accordingly, this article focuses on how programmers at a new energy vehicle company in Shanghai negotiate wages with their employers. Employers trying to curtail the salaries of programmers find fault with their biographies, qualifications, and experiences to undermine their confidence and create an incentive‐driven competitive work environment. Programmers, in turn, try to improve their bargaining power by demonstrating their professional competence, job hopping, and informally investigating conditions at employing enterprises to take advantage of the competitive relationship between them. The interests of programmers in China’s new energy vehicle industry are found to differ from those of Chinese state‐owned enterprise workers and migrant workers. Although individual negotiations can improve the wage levels of specific programmers in the short run, they are not conducive to the emergence of labor solidarity. Moreover, they exacerbate income inequality among workers and fail to bring justice to workers in the new energy industry.
Water Purification Under the Magnetization Method: A Review
Authors: Mohammed Saleh Al Ansari Mohammed Saleh Al Ansari
Published: January 2024

Water is an essential element for living organisms. The availability of fresh drinking water is getting lower day by day with the increasing pollution. Water contamination is a major cause of concern all around the world. There are many methods through which the water is treated among which the Magnetic water treatment method is one method. Which has shown its potential in treating the water. The electromagnetic eater treatment classified and extended method of magnetic water treatment has shown its potential in the Reduction of the formation of scales and treating industrial wastewater has been its most covered area when it comes to treating water. It is a simple technique and has shown its potential in different fields. This review aims to magnetic water treatment techniques. The efficiency, working mechanism, and classification of the magnetic water treatment technique are highlighted.
An Ensemble Model-Based Recommendation Approach for Consumer Decision-Making System
Authors: Analp Pathak Et al.
Published: January 2024

A recommendation system can suggest items aligned with diverse user interests by leveraging multiple sources of information. While many recommendation systems heavily rely on the collaborative filtering (CF) approach—where user preference data is combined with others to predict additional items of potential interest—this study introduces a novel weighted recommendation system to enhance consumer decision-making using CF. The methodology includes the development of equations to calculate the weights for both the product and review, as well as to determine the similarity between consumer reviews. To ensemble the model, Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Logistic Regression (LR) are employed in the methodology. The study considers Ensemble Classifiers (RF+SVM+LR) to implement the results, aiming for improved outcomes compared to prior research. The proposed model is trained and tested using an open-source dataset on Kaggle's website. Numerical analysis of the proposed model reveals superior performance, outperforming conventional methods in terms of accuracy (0.821), precision (0.802), recall (0.821), F-measure (0.833), error rate (0.100), and more.
Generative AI in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Aishwarya Shekhar Et al.
Published: January 2024

A new age of creativity and efficiency is ushered in by the integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) into supply chain management. This in-depth study examines the diverse effects of generative artificial intelligence on supply chain operations, including risk management, inventory optimization, procurement, logistics, and more. Given the predictive capacity of generative AI, traditional methods have been completely modified, enabling companies to anticipate demand, maximize inventory, and expedite procurement procedures with previously unheard-of accuracy. Real-time adaptation is made possible by its dynamic decision-making skills, which also help to promote resilience against interruptions and enable proactive reactions to changing market conditions. However, there are some challenges in implementing generative AI in supply chains. Obstacles requiring strategic navigation and organizational preparedness include skill gaps, ethical considerations, scalability issues, and data integration complexity. Future directions for generative artificial intelligence in supply networks are extremely promising. Substantial improvements are expected to be driven by advances in explainable AI, predictive analytics, seamless integration, and ethical frameworks. Redefining supply chain models could be facilitated by autonomous supply chains, adaptive resilience to disturbances, and increased transparency in decision-making.
PMFCC Features for Music Classification Using the Modified KNN Algorithm
Authors: Kalyani C. Waghmare Et al.
Published: January 2024

From ancient period Music is a integral part of human life. People prefered to listen Music while relaxing. All over the world nowadays music is used as supporting medication for healing mental illness and many other diseases. The origin of Indian Music is Indian Classical Raga, having a melodious combination of Rhythm and notes. There are various users like music-composers, e-learners, music therapists are frequently retrieving Indian classical Raga based music. The vast retrieval of Raga based music made it necessary to classify Indian music on Raga. This paper proposes an a new algorithm to classify an Indian Music using Raga information which further will be useful for song recommendation, personalizing collection, and musicologists for various purpose.

In this paper, the combined Pitch and MFCC based PMFCC features are extracted and processed by Modified K Nearest Neighbor algorithm. The performance of PMFCC and Pitch Class Distribution features is compared using traditional machine learning classification algorithms and Modified Variant K Nearest Neighbor (MVKNN). The PMFCC features outperformed with the Modified KNN algorithm. The accuracy of PMFCC features with Modified KNN algorithm is found 96.11% for our Our  dataset and 93.65% for Compmusic standard dataset.
Improved Cauchy Reed-Solomon Codes for Cloud Data Retrieval and Secured Data Storage using Role-Based Cryptographic Access and forensic investigation
Authors: Mahesh B Gunjal Et. al
Published: January 2024

Doling out client consent strategies to PC frameworks presents a huge test in guaranteeing legitimate approval, especially with the development of open frameworks and scattered stages like the cloud.  RBAC  has turned into a broadly involved strategy in cloud server applications because of its versatility. Granting access to cloud-stored data for investigating potential wrongdoings is crucial in computer forensic investigations. In cases where the cloud service provider's reliability is questionable, maintaining data confidentiality and establishing an efficient procedure for revoking access upon credential expiration is essential. As storage systems expand across vast networks, frequent component failures require stronger fault tolerance measures. Our work secure data-sharing system combines role (Authorized) based access control and AES encryption technology to provide safe key distribution and data sharing for dynamic groups. Data recovery entails protecting data dispersed over distributed systems by storing duplicate data and applying the erasure code technique. Erasure coding strategies, like Reed-Solomon codes, guarantee disc failure robustness while cutting down on data storage expenses dramatically. They do, however, also result in longer access times and more expensive repairs. Consequently, there has been a great deal of interest in academic and business circles for the investigation of novel coding strategies for cloud storage systems. The objective of this study is to present a novel coding method that utilizes the intricate Cauchy matrix in order to improve Reed-Solomon coding efficiency and strengthen fault tolerance.
Use of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of arterial calcification
Authors: Trusov Yuri А. , Chupakhina Victoria S. , Nurkaeva Adilya S. , Yakovenko Natalia A. , Ablenina Irina V. , Latypova Roksana F. , Pitke Aleksandra P. , Yazovskih Anastasiya A. , Ivanov Artem S. , Bogatyreva Darya S. , Popova Ulyana A. , Yuzlekbaev Azat F.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: The incidence of circulatory system diseases in the Russian Federation has been steadily increasing during the last two decades, growing 2,047 times between 2000 and 2019. Vascular calcification involves the deposition of calcium salts in the artery wall, which leads to vascular wall remodeling. X-ray imaging is the gold standard for diagnosing of vascular calcification. However, because of the need to process an increasing amount of data in a shorter period of time, the number of diagnostic errors inevitably increases, and work efficiency inevitably decreases. The active development and introduction of artificial intelligence into clinical practice have created opportunities for specialists to address these issues.
AIM: To analyze the national and international literature on the use of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of various vascular calcifications, summarize the prognostic value of vascular calcification, and evaluate aspects that prevent the diagnosis of vascular calcification without using artificial intelligence.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The search was conducted using the following keywords: artificial intelligence, machine learning, vascular calcification, and their analogues in Russian. The search covered the period from inception till July 2023.
RESULTS: The studies included in the review compared the diagnostic abilities of clinicians and artificial intelligence using the same images, with subsequent assessment of the accuracy, speed, and other parameters. The sites of vascular calcification varied, resulting in differences in their prognostic value.
CONCLUSION: Artificial intelligence has proven to be effective in the diagnosis of vascular calcification. In addition to improved accuracy and efficiency, the level of detail is superior to manual diagnosis methods. Artificial intelligence has advanced to the point that imaging specialists can automatically detect vascular calcification. Artificial intelligence can contribute to the successful development of X-ray imaging in the future.
Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Participants in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Bayramov Farman J. , Golovacheva Yulia A.
Published: January 2024

This scientific article focuses on the problem of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings, the role of the institutions in protecting the legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings, and the present stage of the development of law. The study analyzed relevant domestic and international legal acts. The authors investigated the role and importance of the protection of rights in the framework of the criminal process and explored the mechanisms used to ensure a fair trial. The article emphasizes the importance of protecting the rights of participants in the criminal process to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of the trial. The guarantees provided to the victim and the witness are discussed. This scientific work offers practical recommendations for improving the protection system considering its current status.
This study also develops recommendations for its improvement. The authors explored the historical aspect of the development of the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of participants in the criminal process. The authors reviewed the main stages in the development of the criminal process in several historical periods, focusing on the evolution of the rights and legitimate interests of the participants, in particular, the accused and defenders. Further, the article discusses the progressive changes occurring as a result of legal reforms in the field of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of participants in the criminal process.
Interpretation of Law as a Cognitive Process
Authors: Aznagulova Guzel M.
Published: January 2024

The interpretation of the law is an essential element of law enforcement by the state authorities and other competent authorities. It is primarily aimed at ensuring the rule of law and the rule of law in society.
Law enforcement is a multilevel complex system, whose peculiar characteristic is the presence of a spatial-temporal hierarchy. The theoretical and legal study of the theory and practice of law enforcement at specific stages of historical development is a crucial direction and an urgent task of legal science because of the special role of space and time in jurisprudence, namely, violation of the principle of their homogeneity in empirical and analytical sciences.
In the historical and hermeneutic sciences, the cognition of social, including legal, phenomena and texts is achieved by understanding and explaining the meaning using the methods and rules of hermeneutics. The critical analysis of theories and concepts is carried out by interpreting texts, which is paramount in the practical implementation of law.
More specifically, the interpretation of law is a complex cognitive process based on the conceptual and categorical apparatus of philosophy and law, covering broad legal reality. Its central task is to clarify the cause-and-effect, spatial-temporal, political-economic, and socio-conditioned connections related to the existence of a person in the state. Subsequently, the paramount is the establishment of the meaning, content, and purpose of the normative legal act
Legal Facts and Compositions in Tax Law: Concept and Classification
Authors: Krasyukov Andrey V.
Published: January 2024

The article examines the understanding of legal facts in the theory of law, particularly focusing on the theory of tax law. The author analyzes relevant approaches to understanding legal facts in legal doctrine and concludes that they are applicable in tax and legal regulation. The author investigates legal facts within the framework of their traditional division into law-generating, law-changing, and law-terminating. The author identifies specific types of law-generating legal facts in tax law while analyzing the role of law enforcement acts of tax authorities. The article also explores law-altering and law-terminating legal facts.
Ordinary Interpretation of Constitutional Norms Regarding the Definition of the Concept of “Digital Ruble”
Authors: Pevtsova Elena A. , Pevtsova Natalia S.
Published: January 2024

AIM: To identify the features of a legal structure “ordinary interpretation” by understanding and explaining constitutional norms, considering the increasing penetration of digital thesaurus elements into the lexicon of the country’s population. It also attempts to propose specific organizational and legal mechanisms for the formation of sustainable lawful behavior of subjects of law who do not have sufficient legal competence.
PROCEDURE AND METHODS: The study uses general scientific methodology (methods of system analysis, synthesis, dialectical, formal-logical) and special legal research methods (comparative legal, historical-legal, formal legal), questionnaire and interviewing methods, information-analytical, and mathematical.
RESULTS: The theoretical, methodological, scientific, and practical aspects of the everyday interpretation of constitutional norms in terms of defining the concept of “digital ruble” are presented. An assessment and forecasts are provided for improving the legal interpretation of constitutional norms in terms of deriving the structure of the right to carry out ordinary interpretation.
THEORETICAL AND/OR PRACTICAL INNOVATIVENESS: Legal theory and practice complement new provisions on the essence and features of ordinary interpretation as the constitutional right of every person who is not a lawyer to understand and explain the law. Key positions are put forward for the development of the doctrine of interpretation of legal norms and an in-depth conceptual study of a category of the digital ruble. Proposals are made to improve the legal regulation of ordinary interpretation based on individual understanding of legal norms in terms of legislative regulation of ruble ranges.
Criminal Legal Mechanisms for Ensuring the Economic Security of Domestic Cargo Transportation
Authors: Gorenskaya Elena V.
Published: January 2024

The area of the Russian Federation exceeds 17 million km2, and the distance between the extreme geographical points is 8.230 km. Therefore, transport plays a crucial role in public relations, providing transportation of goods, passengers, and luggage. One of the serious threats to the transport complex is the increase in economic crimes, including those in internal cargo transportation.
This study aimed to analyze the current state and effectiveness of criminal law mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of domestic freight transportation considering the need to protect the domestic transport complex from criminal encroachments. This goal predetermined the following tasks: to characterize the transport complex as one of the leading branches of the national economy of key importance for the economy; to analyze the main types of crimes from the perspective of threats to the economic security of this complex; and to formulate conclusions and proposals for improving the criminal law provision of economic security of domestic cargo transportation. The study employed the dialectical method of cognition and general scientific methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, deduction, concretization, and modeling.
CONCLUSION: The study results revealed the current state and effectiveness of criminal law mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of domestic cargo transportation (by which we understand the symbiosis of the relevant criminal law norms and the possibilities of their application in practice). The proposals based on the study results will contribute to improving the effectiveness of criminal law mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of domestic cargo transportation.
Features of the Protection of the Monetary System by Criminal Legal Means in Germany and France
Authors: Pechegin Denis A.
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes the features of the criminal law protection of national monetary systems in Germany and France. Regarding the consolidation and development in the domestic legal field of additional means of criminal protection of the national monetary system, including the rules on liability for evading the obligation to repatriate funds and smuggling of cash, approaches to regulating the composition of currency crimes are considered basic for most jurisdictions (counterfeiting and money legalization). Thus, this article analyzes the approaches to the regulation of relevant structures and problems in law enforcement in Germany and France, considering their goal to introduce the most advanced solutions in the context of economic development and means of their criminal law protection, as well as the influence of their doctrine on the formation and development of many legal institutions abroad. These correspond to the evolutionary nature of social relations developing in this area in Russia, which have not yet been accepted in its legislation.
Criminal Liability for Knowingly False Expert Opinion in the Field of Procurement of Goods, Works and Services to Meet State and Municipal Needs: Pro et Contra
Authors: Yamasheva Ekaterina V.
Published: January 2024

In 2018, a new norm was introduced into the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on criminal liability for knowingly false expert evidence in the procurement of goods, works, and services to meet state and municipal needs. At the same time, administrative liability was introduced for a similar offense. Such comprehensive regulation was aimed at increasing the efficiency of theft prevention mechanisms when purchasing goods, works, and services to meet state and municipal needs. The “package” introduction of the two most stringent types of legal liability was received positively by the scientific community. On the one hand, filling the identified gap should be considered necessary, but on the other hand, an analysis of judicial practice shows that these provisions of the criminal law and legislation on administrative offenses are not reflected in law enforcement practice, and illegal acts are characterized by high latency. A study of foreign legislation has shown that there are no provisions for such a special crime as knowingly false expert opinion in the field of activity in question. The article presents various approaches of judicial authorities regarding the analyzed elements of crime and administrative offense in the field of procurement. The conclusions draw attention to the need for broad discussion of the issue of decriminalization of knowingly false expert opinion in the field of procurement.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of preoperative halo-traction in patients with severe spinal deformities using dynamography
Authors: Kolesov Sergey V. , Tsykunov Mikhail B. , Bagirov Samir B. , Kazmin Arkadii I. , Pereverzev Vladimir S.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment is the main method of treatment for patients with severe forms of idiopathic scoliosis. In severe spinal deformities, halo-traction can be used as a preoperative preparation stage. However, it is difficult to assess the results of traction preparation in rigid deformities. Nevertheless, the Tergumed Pegasus 3D biofeedback device can be used to assess changes in spinal mobility.
AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative halo-traction preparation in patients with severe spinal deformities using dynamography.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively analysed the results of 15 patients with severe spinal scoliotic deformities preoperatively. All patients received halo-traction while standing in a walking frame or sitting in a wheelchair as a preoperative preparation. We calculated the deformity mobility index, measured the volume of movement and static strength of spinal muscles in three planes using the dynamographic method before and after traction preparation. The data were statistically analysed using the Wilcoxon test.
RESULTS: Changes in the mobility index before and after preoperative preparation were statistically insignificant (p 0.05). Analysis of changes in the spinal movement volume revealed an increase in the range of motion in almost all dimensions, except for extension and lateral bending to the convex side of the deformity. A statistically significant increase in the movement volume was observed in axial rotations to the convex and concave sides of the deformity, and in lateral bends to the concave side (p 0.05), while spinal flexion showed a statistically insignificant improvement. The study of static spinal muscle strength showed an increase in strength in all angles, but statistically significant changes were found in lateral bending to the convex and concave sides, turning to the convex side, and back extension.
CONCLUSION: The data obtained demonstrate an increase in the strength of the spinal muscles after halo-gravity training, as well as an increase in mobility. Dynamography has been shown to be effective in assessing preoperative halotraction preparation in patients with severe spinal deformities, but further studies with a higher level of evidence are required.
A case series of combined Ilizarov method and suture button fixation in neglected syndesmosis injury. Case series
Authors: Sutyagin Ilya V. , Burtsev Alexander V.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND: There are known open, minimally invasive and reconstructive-plastic interventions to restore the distal intercostal syndesmosis, the postoperative rehabilitation protocols of which assume no load on the operated limb and immobilisation for 2 to 6 weeks with progressively increasing load after immobilisation with a plaster cast or orthosis. Closed percutaneous osteosynthesis of the shin bones with the Ilizarov fixator of the ankle and subtalar joints is a self-sufficient method in the treatment of ankle joint injuries accompanied by the failure of the distal intercostal syndesmosis. Neutral stable osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov fixator with a dosed volume of movement and joint decompression in combination with immersion fixators of the distal intercostal syndesmosis has not been described before.
CLINICAL CASES DESCRIPTION: The article presents three clinical cases demonstrating the possibilities of neutral stable osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov fixator both as a stand-alone method in the treatment of chronic lateral foot subluxations as well as in combination with fixation of the distal intertrochanteric syndesmosis using a button fixator. The new technology consists in the combined use of the Ilizarov apparatus in the treatment of chronic lateral foot subluxations due to its repositioning capabilities in rigid foot subluxations with the creation of controlled forces and controlled degree on fixation rigidity at any stage of treatment, fixation of the joint in a functionally favourable position to create a stable and correct position of implants and suture material for a period corresponding to the formation of mature scars, decompression and mechanical unloading in order to create a favourable condition of the foot.
CONCLUSION: The Ilizarov fixator in combination with dynamic systems of distal intertrochanteric syndesmosis fixation allows levelling the disadvantages of the method (restoration of relationships in the distal intertrochanteric joint by minimally invasive interventions with a minimum number of implants without compromising stability, short fixation time, which reduces the risk of complications, the requirement for outpatient follow-up, negative psychological aspects of external fixation conditions), while retaining its advantages (minimally invasive, manageable, and easy to use).
EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE (EPS) ISOLATED FROM ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM D36 SHOWS ANTI-CANCER AND ANTI-INVASIVE ACTIVITY POTENTIAL VIA DOWN-REGULATION OF MUC5AC GENE ON HUMAN COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA (CACO-2) CELLS
Authors: ALTUĞ TASA Burcugül , KIVANÇ Merih , KOPARAL Ayşe Tansu
Published: January 2024

To investigate the antiproliferative properties of exopolysaccharides (EPS) on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) and the regulation of MUC5AC gene expression, the antiproliferative effect of EPS isolated from D36 strain was determined by MTT test and the regulation of MUC5AC gene expression was examined using Real-Time PCR. Enterococcus faecium D36 (E. faecium D36) were characterized by Ribotyping analysis. Some biochemical methodologies were preliminarily used to characterize the probiotic potential of E. faecium D36, including morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics. EPS isolated from E. faecium D36 strain has an antiproliferative effect on Caco-2 cell line, and mucin gene (MUC5AC) expression levels decreased. These results suggest that EPS isolated from E. faecium D36 strain might be a source for a novel anticancer agent. Based on our results, it is believed that EPS obtained from E. faecium D36 can be used as a protective and therapeutic substance during the early stages of cancer, especially colon cancer. EPS affects colon cancer by reducing the invasion ability of cancer by decreasing MUC5AC expression. These findings are thought to shed light on future in vivo studies.
Pistacia terebinthus FRUIT: AN ALTERNATIVE TO PREVENT FOOD SPOILAGE
Authors: AŞAN ÖZÜSAĞLAM Meltem
Published: January 2024

The aim of this work was to investigate the usage possibilities of P. terebinthus fruit, which has a limited usage area, in the food industry. Antimicrobial activity of hexane extract obtained from P. terebinthus fruits from Adıyaman (Turkey) was determined by disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays against test microorganisms. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the extract on Escherichia coli O157:H7, one of the most important food-borne pathogens, was determined by viable cell count using a macro-dilution assay. The potential for use of the extract with probiotic candidate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains was also investigated. The hexane extract presented antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms, with good inhibition zone diameters between 10.51 mm and 18.02 mm. MIC and MFC or MBC values of P. terebinthus fruit extract were determined as 5-80 µg/µL against all tested microorganisms. The lowest MIC and MBC values (5 µg/µL) of the extract were obtained against E. coli O157:H7. Macro-dilution assay results indicated that the P. terebinthus extract at various concentrations (5-10-20 mg/mL) inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 more than the control group after all of the incubation hours. No viable E. coli O157:H7 cells were detected after 48 hours at all concentrations. The extract showed low antimicrobial activity, and relatively high bactericidal concentration on probiotic candidate LAB strains. This shows that P. terebinthus hexane extract at appropriate concentrations can be used together with probiotic strains as a natural preservative and biopreservative to prevent food spoilage and extend shelf life.