bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviving the genitive. Prescription and practice in the Netherlands (1770–1840)
Authors: Krogull Andreas , Rutten Gijsbert
Published: November 2020

Historical metalinguistic discourse is known to often prescribe linguistic variants that are not very frequent in actual language use, and to proscribe frequent variants. Infrequent variants that are promoted through prescription can be innovations, but they can also be conservative forms that have already largely vanished from the spoken language and are now also disappearing in writing. An extreme case in point is the genitive case in Dutch. This has been in decline in usage from at least the thirteenth century onwards, gradually giving way to analytical alternatives such as prepositional phrases. In the grammatical tradition, however, a preference for the genitive case was maintained for centuries. When ‘standard’ Dutch is officially codified in 1805 in the context of a national language policy, the genitive case is again strongly preferred, still aiming to ‘revive’ the synthetic forms. The striking discrepancy between metalinguistic discourse on the one hand, and developments in language use on the other, make the genitive case in Dutch an interesting case for historical sociolinguistics. In this paper, we tackle various issues raised by the research literature, such as the importance of genre differences as well as variation within particular genres, through a detailed corpus-based analysis of the influence of prescription on language practices in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Dutch.
A perturbation analysis based on group sparse representation with orthogonal matching pursuit
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Zhang Feng , Qiu Wei , Li Chuan , Leng Zhenbei
Published: November 2020

In this paper, by exploiting orthogonal projection matrix and block Schur complement, we extend the study to a complete perturbation model.
Based on the block-restricted isometry property (BRIP), we establish some sufficient conditions for recovering the support of the block 𝐾-sparse signals via block orthogonal matching pursuit (BOMP) algorithm.
Under some constraints on the minimum magnitude of the nonzero elements of the block 𝐾-sparse signals, we prove that the support of the block 𝐾-sparse signals can be exactly recovered by the BOMP algorithm in the case of

ℓ
2

\ell_{2}

and

ℓ
2

/

ℓ
∞

\ell_{2}/\ell_{\infty}

bounded total noise if 𝑨 satisfies the BRIP of order

K
+
1

K+1

with

δ

K
+
1

<

1

K
+
1

⁢

(

1
+

ϵ
A

(

K
+
1

)

)

2

+

1

(

1
+

ϵ
A

(

K
+
1

)

)

2

-
1

.

\delta_{K+1}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{K+1}(1+\epsilon_{\boldsymbol{A}}^{(K+1)})^{2}}+\frac{1}{(1+\epsilon_{\boldsymbol{A}}^{(K+1)})^{2}}-1.

In addition, we also show that this is a sharp condition for exactly recovering any block 𝐾-sparse signal with the BOMP algorithm.
Moreover, we also give the reconstruction upper bound of the error between the recovered block-sparse signal and the original block-sparse signal.
In the noiseless and perturbed case, we also prove that the BOMP algorithm can exactly recover the block 𝐾-sparse signal under some constraints on the block 𝐾-sparse signal and

δ

K
+
1

<

2
+

2

2
⁢

(

1
+

ϵ
A

(

K
+
1

)

)

2

-
1

.

\delta_{K+1}<\frac{2+\sqrt{2}}{2(1+\epsilon_{\boldsymbol{A}}^{(K+1)})^{2}}-1.

Finally, we compare the actual performance of perturbed OMP and perturbed BOMP algorithm in the numerical study.
We also present some numerical experiments to verify the main theorem by using the completely perturbed BOMP algorithm.
Direct and inverse scalar scattering problems for the Helmholtz equation in ℝ
m
Authors: Smirnov Yury G. , Tsupak Aleksei A.
Published: November 2020

The boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation in the m-dimensional free space is considered. The problem is reduced to the Lippmann–Schwinger integral equation over the inhomogeneity domain. The operator of the integral equation is shown to be an invertible Fredholm operator. The inverse coefficient problem is considered. An application of the two-step method reduces the inverse problem to the source-type integral equation with a smooth kernel. Special classes of solutions to this equation are introduced. The uniqueness of a solution to the integral equation of the first kind is proved in the defined function classes.
Additional bi-clausal types of Japanese right-dislocations
Authors: Furuya Kaori
Published: November 2020

This article reexamines the syntax of Japanese Right Dislocation Constructions (RDCs) relative to their prosodic structures and explores their clausal nature. In the literature on Japanese RDCs, two major issues have been addressed: a mono-versus a bi-clausal structure and movement versus base-generation in terms of postverbal elements along with the identification of preverbal null elements. However, the prosodic structures of the constructions remain unexplored. The present article shows that the same surface string of an RDC may possibly have different prosodic structures and bear corresponding interpretations. This remarkable fact poses a challenge to a uniform analysis of the constructions. The article argues that Japanese RDCs are divided into mono- and bi-clausal types. While defending a mono-clausal analysis with movement for some RDCs, the present article proposes additional bi-clausal analyses besides the most prevailing analysis of other RDCs. The evidence suggests that Japanese RDCs make use of different linguistic strategies.
Lattice Sieving in Three Dimensions for Discrete Log in Medium Characteristic
Authors: McGuire Gary , Robinson Oisín
Published: November 2020

Lattice sieving in two dimensions has proven to be an indispensable practical aid in integer factorization and discrete log computations involving the number field sieve. The main contribution of this article is to show that a different method of lattice sieving in three dimensions will provide a significant speedup in medium characteristic. Our method is to use the successive minima and shortest vectors of the lattice instead of transition vectors to iterate through lattice points. We showcase the new method by a record computation in a 133-bit subgroup of

F

p
6

${{\mathbb{F}}_{{{p}^{6}}}}$

, with p
6 having 423 bits. Our overall timing is nearly 3 times faster than the previous record of a 132-bit subgroup in a 422-bit field. The approach generalizes to dimensions 4 or more, overcoming one key obstruction to the implementation of the tower number field sieve.
Pseudo-free families of computational universal algebras
Authors: Anokhin Mikhail
Published: November 2020

Let Ω be a finite set of finitary operation symbols. We initiate the study of (weakly) pseudo-free families of computational Ω-algebras in arbitrary varieties of Ω-algebras. A family (Hd
| d ∈ D) of computational Ω-algebras (where D ⊆ {0, 1}*) is called polynomially bounded (resp., having exponential size) if there exists a polynomial η such that for all d ∈ D, the length of any representation of every h ∈ Hd
is at most

η
(
|
d
|
)

(

 resp
., 

|

H
d

|

≤

2

η
(
|
d
|
)

)

.

$\eta (|d|)\left( \text{ resp}\text{., }\left| {{H}_{d}} \right|\le {{2}^{\eta (|d|)}} \right).$

First, we prove the following trichotomy: (i) if Ω consists of nullary operation symbols only, then there exists a polynomially bounded pseudo-free family; (ii) if Ω = Ω
0 ∪ {ω}, where Ω
0 consists of nullary operation symbols and the arity of ω is 1, then there exist an exponential-size pseudo-free family and a polynomially bounded weakly pseudo-free family; (iii) in all other cases, the existence of polynomially bounded weakly pseudo-free families implies the existence of collision-resistant families of hash functions. In this trichotomy, (weak) pseudo-freeness is meant in the variety of all Ω-algebras. Second, assuming the existence of collision-resistant families of hash functions, we construct a polynomially bounded weakly pseudo-free family and an exponential-size pseudo-free family in the variety of all m-ary groupoids, where m is an arbitrary positive integer.
A trade-off between classical and quantum circuit size for an attack against CSIDH
Authors: Biasse Jean-François , Bonnetain Xavier , Pring Benjamin , Schrottenloher André , Youmans William
Published: November 2020

We propose a heuristic algorithm to solve the underlying hard problem of the CSIDH cryptosystem (and other isogeny-based cryptosystems using elliptic curves with endomorphism ring isomorphic to an imaginary quadratic order 𝒪). LetΔ= Disc(𝒪) (in CSIDH,Δ= −4pforpthe security parameter). Let 0 <α< 1/2, our algorithm requires:

A classical circuit of size2O˜log(|Δ|)1−α.$2^{\tilde{O}\left(\log(|\Delta|)^{1-\alpha}\right)}.$

A quantum circuit of size2O˜log(|Δ|)α.$2^{\tilde{O}\left(\log(|\Delta|)^{\alpha}\right)}.$

Polynomial classical and quantum memory.

Essentially, we propose to reduce the size of the quantum circuit below the state-of-the-art complexity2O˜log(|Δ|)1/2$2^{\tilde{O}\left(\log(|\Delta|)^{1/2}\right)}$at the cost of increasing the classical circuit-size required. The required classical circuit remains subexponential, which is a superpolynomial improvement over the classical state-of-the-art exponential solutions to these problems. Our method requires polynomial memory, both classical and quantum.
Towards Isogeny-Based Password-Authenticated Key Establishment
Authors: Taraskin Oleg , Soukharev Vladimir , Jao David , LeGrow Jason T.
Published: November 2020

Password authenticated key establishment (PAKE) is a cryptographic primitive that allows two parties who share a low-entropy secret (a password) to securely establish cryptographic keys in the absence of public key infrastructure. We propose the first quantum-resistant password-authenticated key exchange scheme based on supersingular elliptic curve isogenies. The scheme is built upon supersingular isogeny Diffie-Hellman [15], and uses the password to generate permutations which obscure the auxiliary points. We include elements of a security proof, and discuss roadblocks to obtaining a proof in the BPR model [1]. We also include some performance results.
SLC25A19 deficiency and bilateral striatal necrosis with polyneuropathy: a new case and review of the literature
Authors: Porta Francesco , Siri Barbara , Chiesa Nicoletta , Ricci Federica , Nika Lulash , Sciortino Paola , Spada Marco
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Biallelic mutations in the SLC25A19 gene impair the function of the thiamine mitochondrial carrier, leading to two distinct clinical phenotypes. Homozygosity for the c.530G > C mutation is invariably associated to Amish lethal microcephaly. The second phenotype, reported only in 8 patients homozygous for different non-Amish mutations (c.373G > A, c.580T > C, c.910G > A, c.869T > A, c.576G > C), is characterized by bilateral striatal necrosis and peripheral polyneuropathy. We report a new patient with the non-Amish SLC25A19 phenotype showing compound heterozygosity for the new variant c.673G > A and the known mutation c.373G > A.

Case presentation

The natural history of non-Amish SLC25A19 deficiency is characterized by acute episodes of fever-induced encephalopathy accompanied by isolated lactic acidosis and Leigh-like features at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Acute episodes are prevented by high-dose thiamine treatment (600 mg/day). As shown in the new case, both mild clinical signs and basal ganglia involvement can precede the acute encephalopathic onset of the disease, potentially allowing treatment anticipation and prevention of acute brain damage. Peripheral axonal neuropathy, observed in 7 out of 9 patients, is not improved by thiamine therapy. In two early treated patients, however, peripheral neuropathy did not occur even on long-term follow-up, suggesting a potential preventive role of treatment anticipation also at the peripheral level.

Conclusions

Non-Amish SLC25A19 deficiency is an extra-rare cause of Leigh syndrome responsive to thiamine treatment. Ex adiuvantibus thiamine treatment is mandatory in any patient with Leigh-like features.
First report on the nationwide prevalence of paediatric type 1 diabetes in Serbia and temporal trends of diabetes ketoacidosis at diagnosis—a multicentre study
Authors: Stankovic Sandra , Vukovic Rade , Vorgucin Ivana , Zdravkovic Vera , Folic Nevena , Zivic Sasa , Ignjatovic Aleksandra , Rancic Natasa , Milenkovic Tatjana , Todorovic Slađana , Mitrovic Katarina , Jesic Maja , Sajic Silvija , Bojic Vlada , Katanic Dragan , Dautovic Slavica , Cvetkovic Vesna , Saranac Ljiljana , Markovic Slavica , Tucakovic Tatjana , Lesovic Snezana , Ljubojevic Mirjana , Ilic Tatjana , Vrebalov Mirjana , Mikic Marina , Jelenkovic Bratimirka , Petrovic Rada , Saric Snezana , Simić Danijela , Cukanovic Milanko , Stankovic Miodrag
Published: November 2020

We aimed to collect data on all paediatric patients who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) between the years 2000 and 2019 in Serbia and estimate for the first time its prevalence. Also, the trends of diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) occurrence at the time of diagnosis are monitored. We collected and retrospectively analysed the data of patients <19 years with newly diagnosed T1DM. T1DM was diagnosed in 3134 patients (53.2% male). Total number of youth <19 years with T1DM was 1735 with prevalence of 135.25/100000 at the end of study period. T1DM was diagnosed most frequently between the ages of 5 and 11 years (42.1%). At the time of diagnosis, 35.7% presented in DKA. The incidence and severity of DKA were more significant at the youngest age (p<0.001). There were significant annual percentage increase (2.2%) in the number of new cases of DKA (p=0.007). Conclusion: This first report of nationwide prevalence of T1DM in youth shows that Serbia is among countries with high prevalence of T1DM in youth. System changes are needed in order to provide better quality of health care to these patients.
A considerable asymptomatic proportion and thromboembolism risk of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection in Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Yulan , Liang Xinyue , Wang Hui , Li Li , Xiong Guoping , Mi Lan
Published: November 2020

Objectives

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had become a worldwide pandemic, however, information is limited on the asymptomatic proportion and thromboembolism risk of pregnant women with infection.

Methods

All 32 pregnant women with COVID-19 who were admitted to the hospital in Wuhan during the outbreak from January 20 to March 18, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed for the clinical records, laboratory tests, chest CT scans, and neonatal outcomes.

Results

There were 17 of the 32 patients (53%) with no subjective symptoms before admission, and 13 (41%) remained asymptomatic throughout hospitalization. There were 28 patients (88%) showing typical radiographic evidence of pneumonia on chest CT. The patients with COVID-19 were found in an increased risk of thromboembolism with much higher D-dimer levels than uninfected pregnant women. One neonate with asphyxia and positive immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies was reported.

Conclusions

The considerable asymptomatic proportion of pregnant women with COVID-19 indicates symptom-based screening would miss a number of cases. Chest CT could provide a useful screening resource during the COVID-19epidemic outbreak. Anticoagulation therapy for the postpartum patients may be helpful for good prognosis. The findings provide important information for the hospital isolation, control strategies and clinical therapy.
The effect of mask use on maternal oxygen saturation in term pregnancies during the COVID-19 process
Authors: Toprak Erzat , Bulut Ayça Nazlı
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Our aim was to evaluate the effect of standard surgical and N-95 respiratory mask use on maternal oxygen saturation, vital signs and result on non-stress tests in term pregnancies.

Methods

It is a prospective observational study. The study included healthy, not in labor, singleton pregnant women of 370/7–410/7 weeks who were applied to our hospital for routine obstetric control examination between March 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Patients were randomised by coin toss method. Oxygen saturation, systolic, and diastolic arterial blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature of pregnant women using surgical masks and respiratory masks were measured before and after the non-stress test. The tolerance of the masks was also evaluated. Student’s t-test was used for variables showing parametric distribution and the Mann Whitney U-test was used for non-parametric tests. The categorical variables between the groups was analyzed by using the Chi square test or Fisher Exact test. The statistical significance level was taken as p<0.05 in all tests.

Results

A total of 297 pregnant women using masks were included in the study. The effect of mask type on oxygen saturation before and after the non-stress test was found to be significant (97.1±1.8 corresponds to 95.3±2.6 for the surgical mask, p=0.0001; 97.8±1.7 corresponds to 93.7±2.0 for the respiratory mask, p=0.0001). Mask tolerance of patients using respiratory masks was significantly higher than those using surgical masks (mean 8, 1–10, p=0.0001).

Conclusions

Surgical mask and respiratory mask usage decreased significantly in oxygen saturation in term pregnancies.
By Insurers, For Insurers: The UK’s Liability Regime for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Davey James
Published: November 2020

The United Kingdom has enacted legislation to govern the liability of highly autonomous vehicles. The chosen method is peculiar, with liability placed on motor (auto) insurers despite the lack of a corresponding liability on road users. This article seeks to explain why the UK government was so invested in maintaining mass market motor insurance policies (instead of a system based on motor manufacturer liability) and suggests that the answer lies in insurers’ desire to harvest customer data. We are the product.
Nero and Britannicus in thepompa circensis: The Circus Procession as Dynastic Ceremony in the Court of Claudius
Authors: Sumi Geoffrey S.
Published: November 2020

As part of the events marking Nero’s assumption of thetoga virilisin 51 CE, he along with Britannicus led the circus procession (pompa circensis) in advance of games in the Circus Maximus. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct thispompa circensis, both in its processional elements and route through the city. The presence of potential successors along with images of the deified and honored dead of the imperial family shows how this ceremony evolved and expanded in the Principate to become a dynastic ceremony. The route of the newly modifiedpompa circensis, marked by monuments built by or dedicated to members of the imperial family, also had become increasingly dynastic. An essential element of thepompa circensiswas the participation of the senate and equestrian order as well as the urban plebs, an act of performed consensus fully realized when the procession ended in the Circus Maximus. This circus procession, as reconstructed here, has further implications for the larger question of the imperial succession under Claudius.
Mapping the Topics and Evolutions of Chinese Children’s Bestsellers
Authors: Hu Jiming , Zheng Xiang , Wen Peng , Xu Jie
Published: November 2020

Children’s books involve a large number of topics. Research on them has been paid much attention to by both scholars and practitioners. However, the existing achievements do not focus on China, which is the fastest growing market for children’s books in the world. Studies using quantitative analysis are low in number, especially on the intellectual structure, evolution patterns, and development trends of topics of children’s bestsellers in China. Dangdang.com, the biggest Chinese online bookstore, was chosen as a data source to obtain children’s bestsellers, and topic words in them were extracted from brief introductions. With the aid of co-occurrence theory and tools of social network analysis and visualization, the distribution, correlation structures, and evolution patterns of topics were revealed and visualized. This study shows that topics of Chinese children’s bestsellers are broad and relatively concentrated, but their distribution is unbalanced. There are four distinguished topic communities (Living, Animal, World, and Child) in terms of centrality and maturity, and they all establish their individual systems and tend to be mature. The evolution of these communities tends to be stable with powerful continuity.
Research on the Factors Influencing the Reading Motivation of Social Media Users from the Perspective of Reading Promotion in China
Authors: Wang Han , Fang Qing , Chen Ye , Guan Lingshuang , Dong Ting
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of information technology and mobile Internet access, social media content has become extremely abundant and open, and users have become heavily dependent on social reading. As a result, users’ reading motivation has greatly changed from traditional reading to digital reading to social reading. Exploring the potential effects of social reading can contribute to providing strategies to accurately target high-quality reading content to help promote reading with social media. Drawing upon the use and gratifications theory and reading motivation scales, the current study examines the effectiveness of reading motivation to explore in depth the influencing mechanism of users’ reading on social media. Structural equation modeling is employed to empirically test the impact factor model. The results indicate that social media users’ reading motivation mainly includes entertainment, self-presentation, information acquisition, social promotion, and social interaction. Regarding the overall contribution, social motivation is the most important factor in social media reading activities, followed by intrinsic reading motivation and information reading motivation. The findings and their implications are discussed to provide suggestions for social media operators promoting high-quality reading.
Beyond Providing Information: An Analysis on the Perceived Service Quality, Satisfaction, and Loyalty of Public Library Customers
Authors: Oh Dong-Geun
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the customers’ perceptions on three traditional dimensions of the perceived library service quality (library personnel; library resources and user services; and facilities and equipment), customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty of the public library users. Survey data using simplified questionnaires were analyzed which were collected from 1015 users of public libraries in 2015 and 2019 respectively in South Korea. The results show that they were generally satisfied with public library services and want to visit them again and/or recommend them to others based on the good perceptions on the public library service quality, because the means of each variable on a Likert 5-point scale was fairly high: customer satisfaction 3.85, customer loyalty 4.12, and perceived service quality 3.80 (library personnel 3.80, library resources and user services 3.81, and facilities and equipment 3.79). Each of three dimensions of perceived service quality had statistically significant positive impacts both on customer satisfaction and on the loyalty of the users, and that customer satisfaction had statistically significant positive impacts on customer loyalty. Different groups by gender, age, education, and occupation show the mean differences in customer loyalty. This article suggests research and managerial implications and limitations of the study.
Interactional role shift as communicative project in student teachers’ oral presentations
Authors: Christensson Johan
Published: November 2020

Focusing on Swedish student teachers’ oral presentations in a rhetoric class, this article studies interactional role shift as a multimodal practice. The role shifts under scrutiny concern shifting from student teacher to teacher, thus anticipating the students’ future profession. A central feature of the article is a discussion of how role shift may be conceptualised as a communicative project, thus highlighting the different modes of communication used by the students, and consequently to examine its potential as a facilitator of students’ professional and academic development. The data was collected using an ethnographical approach, resulting in a collection of 21 video-recorded oral presentations, together with other relevant semiotic resources. The data is analysed by the employment of concepts from nexus analysis and the notion of communicative projects. Through a discourse analytical approach to social action in interaction, the analysis shows how role shifts are constructed of patterns of smaller actions that add up to three primary actions: setting the scene, changing perspective, and performing the new role. These primary actions are multimodally chained together, and the results demonstrate how social actors use instructional texts in combination with multimodal recourses in order to perform their role shifts.
The multilingual workplace realities of Polish truckers: A case study in the Netherlands
Authors: Dijkstra Bianca E. , Coler Matt , Redeker Gisela
Published: November 2020

Although international truckers are essential to the European supply chain, we know little about how they deal with their frequent multilingual workplace interactions. This paper examines the effects of participants’ Individual Multilingual Repertoires (Pitzl, Marie-Luise. 2016. World Englishes and creative idioms in English as a lingua franca.World Englishes35(2). 293–309.https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12196) on their behavior and attitude toward multilingual interactions. Five Polish truckers and six Dutch logistics professionals were observed and interviewed. An ethnographic case study approach allowed us to consider interactions from multiple perspectives. Findings from the study reveal that some, but not all, Polish truckers struggle to interact in the most common lingua francas in the Netherlands: English and German. We show that some of the Dutch logistics professionals have a low opinion of foreign drivers’ linguistic abilities, which impairs the potential to find shared multilingual resources, and ultimately to improve communication skills. Results of the study contribute to an understanding of the dynamics of multilingual interactions in the workplace. Practical suggestions for logistics professionals and future research are identified.
Large-scale, power-efficient Au/VO2 active metasurfaces for ultrafast optical modulation
Authors: Kang Tongtong , Ma Zongwei , Qin Jun , Peng Zheng , Yang Weihao , Huang Taixing , Xian Shilin , Xia Shuang , Yan Wei , Yang Yucong , Sheng Zhigao , Shen Jian , Li Chaoyang , Deng Longjiang , Bi Lei
Published: November 2020

Active metasurfaces, in which the optical property of a metasurface device can be controlled by external stimuli, have attracted great research interest recently. For optical switching and modulation applications, high-performance active metasurfaces need to show high transparency, high power efficiency, as well as ultrafast switching and large-scale fabrication capability. This paper reports Au/VO2-based active metasurfaces meeting the requirements above. Centimeter-scale Au/VO2 metasurfaces are fabricated by polystyrene sphere colloidal crystal self-assembly. The devices show optical modulation on-off ratio up to 12.7 dB and insertion loss down to 3.3 dB at 2200 nm wavelength in the static heating experiment, and ΔT/T of 10% in ultrafast pump-probe experiments. In particular, by judiciously aligning the surface plasmon resonance wavelength to the pump wavelength of the femtosecond laser, the enhanced electric field at 800 nm is capable to switch off the extraordinary optical transmission effect at 2200 nm in 100 fs time scale. Compared to VO2 thin-film samples, the devices also show 50% power reduction for all-optical modulation. Our work provides a practical way to fabricate large-scale and power-efficient active metasurfaces for ultrafast optical modulation.
Epitaxial aluminum plasmonics covering full visible spectrum
Authors: Cheng Chang-Wei , Raja Soniya S. , Chang Ching-Wen , Zhang Xin-Quan , Liu Po-Yen , Lee Yi-Hsien , Shih Chih-Kang , Gwo Shangjr
Published: November 2020

Aluminum has attracted a great deal of attention as an alternative plasmonic material to silver and gold because of its natural abundance on Earth, material stability, unique spectral capability in the ultraviolet spectral region, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatibility. Surprisingly, in some recent studies, aluminum has been reported to outperform silver in the visible range due to its superior surface and interface properties. Here, we demonstrate excellent structural and optical properties measured for aluminum epitaxial films grown on sapphire substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy under ultrahigh vacuum growth conditions. Using the epitaxial growth technique, distinct advantages can be achieved for plasmonic applications, including high-fidelity nanofabrication and wafer-scale system integration. Moreover, the aluminum film thickness is controllable down to a few atomic monolayers, allowing for plasmonic ultrathin layer devices. Two kinds of aluminum plasmonic applications are reported here, including precisely engineered plasmonic substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and high-quality-factor plasmonic surface lattices based on standing localized surface plasmons and propagating surface plasmon polaritons, respectively, in the entire visible spectrum (400–700 nm).
Near-zero reflection of all-dielectric structural coloration enabling polarization-sensitive optical encryption with enhanced switchability
Authors: Jung Chunghwan , Yang Younghwan , Jang Jaehyuck , Badloe Trevon , Lee Taejun , Mun Jungho , Moon Seong-Won , Rho Junsuk
Published: November 2020

Structural coloration using metasurfaces has been steadily researched to overcome the limitations of conventional color printing using pigments by improving the resolution, lowering the toxicity, and increasing the durability. Many metasurfaces have been demonstrated for dynamic structural coloration to convert images at the visible spectrum. However, the previous works cannot reach near-zero scattering when colors are turned-off, preventing it from being cryptographic applications. Herein, we propose a completely on/off switchable structural coloration with polarization-sensitive metasurfaces, enabling full-colored images to be displayed and hidden through the control of the polarization of incident light. It is confirmed that the nanostructure exhibits the polarization-dependent magnetic field distributions, and near-zero scattering is realized when the polarization of incident light is perpendicular to the long axis of the nanofins. Also, the metasurfaces are made up of triple-nanofin structures whose lengths affect locations of resonance peaks, resulting in full-color spectrum coverages. With such advantages, a QR code image, a two-color object image, and an overlapped dual-portrait image are obtained with the metasurfaces. Such demonstrations will provide potential applications in the fields of high-security information encryption, security tag, multichannel imaging, and dynamic displays.
Crystal structure of fac-tricarbonyl-(nitrato-k1
O)-bis(pyridine-κN)-rhenium, C13H10O6N3Re
Authors: Jacobs Francois J. F. , Brink Alice
Published: November 2020

C13H10O6N3Re, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.9325(9) Å, b = 13.811(2) Å, c = 13.458(2) Å, β = 92.637(4)°, V = 1472.83(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0249, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0568, T = 100(2) K. CCDC no.: 2024932
The crystal structure of 2-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid, C9H10O3
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: November 2020

C9H10O3, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 14.2570(6) Å, b = 7.9250(4) Å, c = 29.8796(13) Å, V = 3376.0(3) Å3, Z = 16, R

gt
(F) = 0.0404, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1050, T = 200 K.
The crystal structure of 1-chloro-2-(dimethylamino)ethane hydrochloride, C4H11Cl2N
Authors: Muller Kina , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: November 2020

C4H11Cl2N, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 13.2374(12) Å, b = 8.2108(6) Å, c = 14.0114(14) Å, β = 93.294(8)°, V = 1520.4(2) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0398, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1174, T = 200 K.
Framing the Material Global: The Grounded Politics of HIV Testing Scale-Up
Authors: Tseng Po-Chia
Published: November 2020

Drawing on the framework of transnational materiality (Gille 2014), a conceptual contribution from the Framing the Global project, this article examines how HIV testing and counselling services became a site of political contestation in Taiwan since expanding service delivery was proposed as a response to the HIV epidemic by global health institutions in the 2000s. This global scheme, the study argues, not only reshaped the organization and practices of HIV service delivery, but also generated vulnerability as these practices connected to HIV-positive people’s lives were largely governed by global models and national programs that may not fully reflect local concerns. In response, local NGO workers politicize service delivery in part by transnationally adopting and promoting practices that attend more carefully to localized forms of vulnerability. Using qualitative data collected in Taiwan, the analysis reveals a grounded politics of HIV service delivery that highlights the materialization of vulnerability and its management.
A solid-phase extraction method that eliminates matrix effects of complex pulp mill effluents for the analysis of lipophilic wood extractives
Authors: España Orozco Sebastian , Zeitlinger Philipp , Fackler Karin , Bischof Robert H. , Potthast Antje
Published: November 2020

The extraction of lipophilic wood extractives from pulp and paper process waters proves to be a challenging task, due to harsh and alternating process and sample conditions. This study has determined the potential use of polymeric sorbents for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and compared to classical silica-based reversed-phase packed columns, with polymeric hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) cartridges being the sorbent with the most potential. Recovery functions were obtained with an internal standard mixture representative for the main lipophilic wood extractive groups, which are fatty acids and alcohols, sterols, sterol esters and triglycerides. The impact of pH, sample volume and sample matrix, expressed as TOC and cations, on the retention behavior of lipophilic extractives during SPE of industrial samples were determined with polymeric HLB sorbent. High variations in the composition of pulp mill matrices led to different optimal extraction conditions. Thus, a new SPE protocol was developed, which bypasses matrix interferences and omits the loss of analytes due to sample preparation. The method is applicable to different pulp mill effluents with large discrepancies in pH and sample matrices, resulting in recoveries >90 % with RSD <5 % for all lipophilic wood extractives.
The component composition of planted pine wood cultivated in the boreal zone
Authors: Danilov D. A. , Griazkin A. V. , Sokolova V. A. , Bacherikov I. V.
Published: November 2020

The present study analyzes the composition of pine wood cultivated on artificial plantations in the Leningrad Oblast (Region). Comparing to pine wood from natural stands, a smaller heartwood zone along the height of the pine trunk and a lower content of resinous substances are noted. The content of cellulose and lignin in the heartwood and sapwood of pine is distributed differently along the trunk. The distribution of pentosans and water-soluble substances in the heartwood and sapwood along the trunk is associated with the lignin complex. The component composition of the studied pine wood from planted stands is quite uniform in its indicators if compared to the wood of older natural stands. Sulphate pulping of planted pine wood showed a higher yield of technical cellulose than the average yield from wood obtained at natural stands of the studied region.
Two-photon polymerization nanolithography technology for fabrication of stimulus-responsive micro/nano-structures for biomedical applications
Authors: Huang Zhenjia , Chi-Pong Tsui Gary , Deng Yu , Tang Chak-Yin
Published: November 2020

Micro/nano-fabrication technology via two-photon polymerization (TPP) nanolithography is a powerful and useful manufacturing tool that is capable of generating two dimensional (2D) to three dimensional (3D) arbitrary micro/nano-structures of various materials with a high spatial resolution. This technology has received tremendous interest in cell and tissue engineering and medical microdevices because of its remarkable fabrication capability for sophisticated structures from macro- to nano-scale, which are difficult to be achieved by traditional methods with limited microarchitecture controllability. To fabricate precisely designed 3D micro/nano-structures for biomedical applications via TPP nanolithography, the use of photoinitiators (PIs) and photoresists needs to be considered comprehensively and systematically. In this review, widely used commercially available PIs are first discussed, followed by elucidating synthesis strategies of water-soluble initiators for biomedical applications. In addition to the conventional photoresists, the distinctive properties of customized stimulus-responsive photoresists are discussed. Finally, current limitations and challenges in the material and fabrication aspects and an outlook for future prospects of TPP for biomedical applications based on different biocompatible photosensitive composites are discussed comprehensively. In all, this review provides a basic understanding of TPP technology and important roles of PIs and photoresists for fabricating high-precision stimulus-responsive micro/nano-structures for a wide range of biomedical applications.
Cryogenic milling and formation of nanostructured machined surface of AISI 4340
Authors: Muhamad Shalina Sheik , Ghani Jaharah A. , Haron Che Hassan Che , Yazid Hafizal
Published: November 2020

Hardened layers are commonly required for automotive components after their production using a machining process in order to enhance the service life of these components. This study investigates the possibility of producing a nanostructured machined surface which can increase the hardness of the machined surface by varying the machining parameters under cryogenic conditions in end milling of AISI 4340. The end milling experiments were performed using multi-layered TiAlN- and AlCrN-coated carbide. Prior to the experiment, a finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the cutting temperature generated and it had been found that at cutting speed of 200–300 m/min, feed rate of 0.15–0.3 mm/tooth, axial depth of cut of 0.3–0.5 mm, and radial depth of cut of 0.2–0.35 mm, the temperature generated can be sufficiently high to cause austenitic transformation. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) equipped with angle selective backscattered (AsB) detection analysis was used to investigate the microstructure and machined-affected layers of the machined surfaces. The crystallographic orientation/phase change and nano-hardness were analysed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a nano-hardness testing machine. The results showed that the cryogenic machining had significantly affected the surface integrity characteristics of the AISI 4340 alloy due to refined microstructure, favourable phase structure, and higher hardness near the surface layer. The results of this study may be useful in providing an insight into a potential technological shift from conventional surface case hardening processes to the present technique.
Green approach in gold, silver and selenium nanoparticles using coffee bean extract
Authors: Abbasian Reiyhaneh , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
Published: November 2020

Green fabrication of metal nanoparticles (NPs), using natural reducing and stabilizing agents existed in plants and their derivatives, due to their unique properties, has gained more attention. The present study focuses on the synthesis of gold (Au), silver (Ag) and selenium (Se) NPs using coffee bean extract under hydrothermal conditions (1.5 atm and 121°C, for 15 min). Coffee bean extract obtained in 2 h processing using Clevenger apparatus and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated five highlighted peaks, namely, hydroxyl, amide, aromatic, alkane and ring groups. Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that among three different NPs formed, fabricated Ag NPs had small particle size (153 nm) and high zeta potential value (16.8 mV). However, synthesized Au NPs had minimum polydispersity index (0.312). Results also indicated that fabricated Au, Se and Ag NPs had low antioxidant activity with values of 9.1, 8.9 and 8.7%, respectively. Morphological and antibacterial activity assessments, demonstrated that synthesized Ag, Au and Se NPs had spherical shape and high bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. aurous. Obtained results indicated that the synthesized NPs, can be utilized in various areas.
Numerical investigations of a new singular second-order nonlinear coupled functional Lane–Emden model
Authors: Abdelkawy Mohamed A. , Sabir Zulqurnain , Guirao Juan L. G. , Saeed Tareq
Published: November 2020

The present study aims to design a second-order nonlinear Lane–Emden coupled functional differential model and numerically investigate by using the famous spectral collocation method. For validation of the newly designed model, three dissimilar variants have been considered and formulated numerically by applying a famous spectral collocation method. Moreover, a comparison of the obtained results with the exact/true results endorses the effectiveness and competency of the newly designed model, as well as the present technique.
Anaesthesia considerations and techniques for Pressurised IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC)
Authors: Shree Venkatesan , Lim Tian Jin , Lean Lyn Li , So Bok Yan Jimmy , Kim Guowei
Published: November 2020

Pressurised IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a novel surgical technique to administer aerosolized chemotherapy into the abdominal cavity as treatment for peritoneal metastasis from various cancers. As the surgery is unique and there are concerns about occupational hazards, specific anaesthetic setup and techniques are required. Notably, our institution’s experience with PIPAC has enlightened us that anaesthesia requirements during PIPAC are generally uncomplicated and that the majority of the patients undergoing PIPAC do not require invasive monitoring, advanced intra or postoperative analgesia like epidurals or PCA. The need for postoperative intensive unit care is also not required in routine PIPAC cases. We describe the anaesthetic considerations involved and the detailed preparation of staff, space, anaesthetic equipment and drugs to facilitate the appropriate modifications for anaesthesia monitoring and maintenance for an elective set up as well as our standard operating procedure for an emergency situation should it arise.
Adsorption from liquid metals: an approach for recovery of radionuclides from irradiated targets
Authors: Zhuikov Boris , Ermolaev Stanislav
Published: November 2020

Adsorption of radionuclides in no-carrier-added (NCA) amounts from liquid metals оf Rb, Pb, and Ag was investigated. 82Sr may be recovered from metallic irradiated Rb-target via adsorption onto various surfaces. A high chemical yield is achieved at Sr-sorption from molten Rb of big mass directly onto the inner surface of the target shell at about 300 °C. The investigation showed that the formation and dissolution of oxide sol particles of rubidium oxide, where 82Sr is initially adsorbed in SrO form, play an important role in the mechanism of adsorption. The approach is prospective for different modes in “off-line” and “on-line” 82Sr production. Direct sorption of different NCA radionuclides from molten Pb and Ag was also investigated. Chemical nature of the surface (Ta, Ni, Ti, Mo, Al, or quartz) is very critical for sorption of 188,189Ir, 188Pt,198Au,97Ru,185Os,182mRe,99Mo and 99mTc from molten Pb, and for sorption of 100Pd,101mRh,97Ru, 96Tc from molten Ag.
The subiculum and its role in focal epileptic disorders
Authors: Lévesque Maxime , Avoli Massimo
Published: November 2020

The subicular complex (hereafter referred as subiculum), which is reciprocally connected with the hippocampus and rhinal cortices, exerts a major control on hippocampal outputs. Over the last three decades, several studies have revealed that the subiculum plays a pivotal role in learning and memory but also in pathological conditions such as mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Indeed, subicular networks actively contribute to seizure generation and this structure is relatively spared from the cell loss encountered in this focal epileptic disorder. In this review, we will address: (i) the functional properties of subicular principal cells under normal and pathological conditions; (ii) the subiculum role in sustaining seizures in in vivo models of MTLE and in in vitro models of epileptiform synchronization; (iii) its presumptive role in human MTLE; and (iv) evidence underscoring the relationship between subiculum and antiepileptic drug effects. The studies reviewed here reinforce the view that the subiculum represents a limbic area with relevant, as yet unexplored, roles in focal epilepsy.
Economic Analysis of Accident Law: A New Liability Rule that Induces Socially Optimal Behaviour in Case of Limited Information
Authors: Srivastava Astha , Srivastava Ankur
Published: November 2020

In accident law, we seek a liability rule that will induce both the parties to adopt socially optimal levels of precaution. Economic analysis, however, shows that none of the commonly used liability rules induce both parties to adopt optimal levels, if courts have access only to ‘Limited Information’ on. In such a case, it has also been established (K. (2006). Efficiency of liability rules: a reconsideration. J. Int. Trade Econ. Dev. 15: 359–373) that no liability rule based on cost justified untaken precaution as a standard of care can be efficient. In this paper, we describe a two-step liability rule: the rule of negligence with the defence of relative negligence. We prove that this rule has a unique Nash equilibrium at socially optimal levels of care for the non-cooperative game, and therefore induces both parties to adopt socially optimal behaviour even in case of limited information.
Contextual Ethics: Taking the Lead from Wittgenstein and Løgstrup on Ethical Meaning and Normativity
Authors: Eriksen Cecilie
Published: November 2020

A prominent trend in moral philosophy today is the interest in the rich textures of actual human practices and lives. This has prompted engagements with other disciplines, such as anthropology, history, literature, law and empirical science, which have produced various forms ofcontextual ethics. These engagements motivate reflections on why and how context is important ethically, and such metaethical reflection is what this article undertakes. Inspired by the work of the later Wittgenstein and the Danish theologian K.E. Løgstrup, I first describe one of the ways in which context plays a central role with regard to ethical meaning and normativity. I then examine how ‘context’ is to be defined, and finally I discuss some of the questions which arise when giving context prominence in ethics – namely, how to delimit the scope of relevant context, the relevant traits of a particular context and what ‘the ethical’ is.