bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DeepHPV: a deep learning model to predict human papillomavirus integration sites
Authors: Tian Rui , Zhou Ping , Li Mengyuan , Tan Jinfeng , Cui Zifeng , Xu Wei , Wei Jingyue , Zhu Jingjing , Jin Zhuang , Cao Chen , Fan Weiwen , Xie Weiling , Huang Zhaoyue , Xie Hongxian , You Zeshan , Niu Gang , Wu Canbiao , Guo Xiaofang , Weng Xuchu , Tian Xun , Yu Fubing , Yu Zhiying , Liang Jiuxing , Hu Zheng
Published: September 2020

Human papillomavirus (HPV) integrating into human genome is the main cause of cervical carcinogenesis. HPV integration selection preference shows strong dependence on local genomic environment. Due to this theory, it is possible to predict HPV integration sites. However, a published bioinformatic tool is not available to date. Thus, we developed an attention-based deep learning model DeepHPV to predict HPV integration sites by learning environment features automatically. In total, 3608 known HPV integration sites were applied to train the model, and 584 reviewed HPV integration sites were used as the testing dataset. DeepHPV showed an area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.6336 and an area under the precision recall (AUPR) of 0.5670. Adding RepeatMasker and TCGA Pan Cancer peaks improved the model performance to 0.8464 and 0.8501 in AUROC and 0.7985 and 0.8106 in AUPR, respectively. Next, we tested these trained models on independent database VISDB and found the model adding TCGA Pan Cancer performed better (AUROC: 0.7175, AUPR: 0.6284) than the model adding RepeatMasker peaks (AUROC: 0.6102, AUPR: 0.5577). Moreover, we introduced attention mechanism in DeepHPV and enriched the transcription factor binding sites including BHLHA15, CHR, COUP-TFII, DMRTA2, E2A, HIC1, INR, NPAS, Nr5a2, RARa, SCL, Snail1, Sox10, Sox3, Sox4, Sox6, STAT6, Tbet, Tbx5, TEAD, Tgif2, ZNF189, ZNF416 near attention intensive sites. Together, DeepHPV is a robust and explainable deep learning model, providing new insights into HPV integration preference and mechanism.

Availability: DeepHPV is available as an open-source software and can be downloaded from https://github.com/JiuxingLiang/DeepHPV.git, Contact: huzheng1998@163.com, liangjiuxing@m.scnu.edu.cn, lizheyzy@163.com
Predicting drug–disease associations through layer attention graph convolutional network
Authors: Yu Zhouxin , Huang Feng , Zhao Xiaohan , Xiao Wenjie , Zhang Wen
Published: September 2020

Background: Determining drug–disease associations is an integral part in the process of drug development. However, the identification of drug–disease associations through wet experiments is costly and inefficient. Hence, the development of efficient and high-accuracy computational methods for predicting drug–disease associations is of great significance.

Results: In this paper, we propose a novel computational method named as layer attention graph convolutional network (LAGCN) for the drug–disease association prediction. Specifically, LAGCN first integrates the known drug–disease associations, drug–drug similarities and disease–disease similarities into a heterogeneous network, and applies the graph convolution operation to the network to learn the embeddings of drugs and diseases. Second, LAGCN combines the embeddings from multiple graph convolution layers using an attention mechanism. Third, the unobserved drug–disease associations are scored based on the integrated embeddings. Evaluated by 5-fold cross-validations, LAGCN achieves an area under the precision–recall curve of 0.3168 and an area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve of 0.8750, which are better than the results of existing state-of-the-art prediction methods and baseline methods. The case study shows that LAGCN can discover novel associations that are not curated in our dataset.

Conclusion: LAGCN is a useful tool for predicting drug–disease associations. This study reveals that embeddings from different convolution layers can reflect the proximities of different orders, and combining the embeddings by the attention mechanism can improve the prediction performances.
The VEGA suite of programs: an versatile platform for cheminformatics and drug design projects
Authors: Pedretti Alessandro , Mazzolari Angelica , Gervasoni Silvia , Fumagalli Laura , Vistoli Giulio
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the article is to offer an overview of the latest release of the VEGA suite of programs. This software has been constantly developed and freely released during the last 20 years and has now reached a significant diffusion and technology level as confirmed by the about 22 500 registered users. While being primarily developed for drug design studies, the VEGA package includes cheminformatics and modeling features, which can be fruitfully utilized in various contexts of the computational chemistry. To offer a glimpse of the remarkable potentials of the software, some examples of the implemented features in the cheminformatics field and for structure-based studies are discussed. Finally, the flexible architecture of the VEGA program which can be expanded and customized by plug-in technology or scripting languages will be described focusing attention on the HyperDrive library including highly optimized functions.

Availability and implementation

The VEGA suite of programs and the source code of the VEGA command-line version are available free of charge for non-profit organizations at http://www.vegazz.net.
Severity of prepregnancy diabetes on the fetal malformations and viability associated with early embryos in rats†
Authors: Bueno Aline , Sinzato Yuri Karen , Volpato Gustavo Tadeu , Gallego Franciane Quintanilha , Perecin Felipe , Rodrigues Tiago , Damasceno Débora Cristina
Published: September 2020

Preexisting/pregestational diabetes enhances the risk of birth defects. Several factors have been involved during the implantation process, such as cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage–colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]). The objective was to evaluate the effects of two levels of diabetes on the redox status of preimplantation embryos during the implantation process to comprehend how both are involved in embryo and fetal viability against maternal diabetes. Female Sprague–Dawley rats received streptozotocin at birth (mild diabetes [MD]) or at adulthood (severe diabetes [SD]) to obtain two experimental diabetes intensities. After confirming the diabetic status, the nondiabetic and diabetic groups were mated around day 110 of life. At gestational day (GD) 21, fetuses were assessed for viability and malformations and ovaries for embryo loss before implantation. Other pregnant nondiabetic and diabetic rats were sacrificed at GD2–4 for maternal and preimplantation embryo oxidative stress markers, maternal serum insulin, uterine fluid GM-CSF, and preimplantation embryo morphological analysis. MD and SD caused abnormal redox levels, lower GM-CSF and insulin levels during the preimplantation period, and embryonic loss before implantation. SD caused lower fetal viability and higher fetal malformation percentages at GD21. The SD dam-derived preimplantation embryos presented lower glutathione levels and higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration at GD3 and an increased frequency of abnormal preimplantation embryos at GD4. In conclusion, preexisting diabetes leads to complications in the implantation process. Furthermore, maternal oxidative stress and other metabolic changes alter the redox state and morphological structure of preimplantation embryos, contributing to damaged growth and development in late pregnancy.
Specification tests for covariance structures in high-dimensional statistical models
Authors: Guo X , Tang C Y
Published: September 2020

We consider testing the covariance structure in statistical models. We focus on developing such tests when the random vectors of interest are not directly observable and have to be derived via estimated models. Additionally, the covariance specification may involve extra nuisance parameters which also need to be estimated. In a generic additive model setting, we develop and investigate test statistics based on the maximum discrepancy measure calculated from the residuals. To approximate the distributions of the test statistics under the null hypothesis, new multiplier bootstrap procedures with dedicated adjustments that incorporate the model and nuisance parameter estimation errors are proposed. Our theoretical development elucidates the impact due to the estimation errors with high-dimensional data and demonstrates the validity of our tests. Simulations and real data examples confirm our theory and demonstrate the performance of the proposed tests.
Posterior contraction in sparse generalized linear models
Authors: Jeong Seonghyun , Ghosal Subhashis
Published: September 2020

We study posterior contraction rates in sparse high-dimensional generalized linear models using priors incorporating sparsity. A mixture of a point mass at zero and a continuous distribution is used as the prior distribution on regression coefficients. In addition to the usual posterior, the fractional posterior, which is obtained by applying Bayes theorem with a fractional power of the likelihood, is also considered. The latter allows uniformity in posterior contraction over a larger subset of the parameter space. In our set-up, the link function of the generalized linear model need not be canonical. We show that Bayesian methods achieve convergence properties analogous to lasso-type procedures. Our results can be used to derive posterior contraction rates in many generalized linear models including logistic, Poisson regression and others.
The Implementation of Connecting People in Community Mental Health Teams in England: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Webber M , Ngamaba K , Moran N , Pinfold V , Boehnke J R , Knapp M , Henderson C , Rehill A , Morris D
Published: September 2020

Loneliness and social isolation have become significant concerns in many countries, particularly amongst people experiencing mental health problems. A social intervention—Connecting People—has been found to increase their access to social capital, though it has been difficult to implement with high fidelity in community mental health teams (CMHTs) in England. This study aimed to evaluate outcomes for mental health service users of a practitioner-led implementation of Connecting People in CMHTs. It used a pragmatic non-randomised two-group pre-post study to evaluate the implementation process in CMHTs. Implementation materials co-produced with service users were provided to the intervention teams for practitioners to use with the support of a senior social worker in each mental health National Health Service Trust (n = 5). Service users were interviewed at baseline (n = 151) and at six-month follow-up (n = 127), and their outcome and cost data were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. Analysis of primary and secondary outcome variables found no differences between the intervention and control groups. The economic evaluation found no significant differences between groups in mean costs or outcomes. The findings suggest that it could be difficult for social workers to implement Connecting People in CMHTs or that it does not improve outcomes for CMHT users.
Media, Affect, and Authoritarian Futures in “New Turkey:” Spectacular Confessions on Television in the Post-Coup Era
Authors: Bulut Ergin , Can Başak
Published: September 2020

A spectacular shock doctrine is reformatting Turkey since the failed coup in July 2016. We examine how the television economy transformed the organization behind the coup (FETÖ) from a public secret into a spectacle. We investigate the televised confessions of former Gulenists, who revealed the scandalous FETÖ’s inner workings live on television. We argue that former Gulenists’ media performances based on confession, apology, and spectacular secrecy captured public affect to justify their complicity with the putschists rather than bringing political justice. The government capitalized on these confessions as part of its strategic information warfare to tame the opposition after the coup, while reconstructing Gulenists as a weird cult rather than a political network. As the citizens were bombarded with affective televisual confessions, politicians secured authoritarian futures without a glimpse of justice, because these shows spectacularly erased the networks behind the coup.
Color Naming and Categorization Depend on Distinct Functional Brain Networks
Authors: Siuda-Krzywicka Katarzyna , Witzel Christoph , Bartolomeo Paolo , Cohen Laurent
Published: September 2020

Naming a color can be understood as an act of categorization, that is, identifying it as a member of a category of colors that are referred to by the same name. But are naming and categorization equivalent cognitive processes and consequently rely on same neural substrates? Here, we used task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as behavioral measures to identify functional brain networks that modulated naming and categorization of colors. We first identified three bilateral color-sensitive regions in the ventro-occipital cortex. We then showed that, across participants, color naming and categorization response times (RTs) were correlated with different resting state connectivity networks seeded from the color-sensitive regions. Color naming RTs correlated with the connectivity between the left posterior color region, the left middle temporal gyrus, and the left angular gyrus. In contrast, color categorization RTs correlated with the connectivity between the bilateral posterior color regions, and left frontal, right temporal and bilateral parietal areas. The networks supporting naming and categorization had a minimal overlap, indicating that the 2 processes rely on different neural mechanisms.
MEG Theta during Lexico-Semantic and Executive Processing Is Altered in High-Functioning Adolescents with Autism
Authors: You Yuqi , Correas Angeles , Jao Keehn R Joanne , Wagner Laura C , Rosen Burke Q , Beaton Lauren E , Gao Yangfeifei , Brocklehurst William T , Fishman Inna , Müller Ralph-Axel , Marinkovic Ksenija
Published: September 2020

Neuroimaging studies have revealed atypical activation during language and executive tasks in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the spatiotemporal stages of processing associated with these dysfunctions remain poorly understood. Using an anatomically constrained magnetoencephalography approach, we examined event-related theta oscillations during a double-duty lexical decision task that combined demands on lexico-semantic processing and executive functions. Relative to typically developing peers, high-functioning adolescents with ASD had lower performance accuracy on trials engaging selective semantic retrieval and cognitive control. They showed an early overall theta increase in the left fusiform cortex followed by greater activity in the left-lateralized temporal (starting at ~250 ms) and frontal cortical areas (after ~450 ms) known to contribute to language processing. During response preparation and execution, the ASD group exhibited elevated theta in the anterior cingulate cortex, indicative of greater engagement of cognitive control. Simultaneously increased activity in the ipsilateral motor cortex may reflect a less lateralized and suboptimally organized motor circuitry. Spanning early sensory-specific and late response selection stages, the higher event-related theta responsivity in ASD may indicate compensatory recruitment to offset inefficient lexico-semantic retrieval under cognitively demanding conditions. Together, these findings provide further support for atypical language and executive functions in high-functioning ASD.
Health-care Professionals’ Perceptions of Critical Care Resource Availability and Factors Associated With Mental Well-being During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Results from a US Survey
Authors: Sharma Monisha , Creutzfeldt Claire J , Lewis Ariane , Patel Pratik V , Hartog Christiane , Jannotta Gemi E , Blissitt Patricia , Kross Erin K , Kassebaum Nicholas , Greer David M , Curtis J Randall , Wahlster Sarah
Published: September 2020

Background

Assessing the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on intensive care unit (ICU) providers’ perceptions of resource availability and evaluating the factors associated with emotional distress/burnout can inform interventions to promote provider well-being.

Methods

Between 23 April and 7 May 2020, we electronically administered a survey to physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists (RTs), and advanced practice providers (APPs) caring for COVID-19 patients in the United States. We conducted a multivariate regression to assess associations between concerns, a reported lack of resources, and 3 outcomes: a primary outcome of emotional distress/burnout and 2 secondary outcomes of (1) fear that the hospital is unable to keep providers safe; and (2) concern about transmitting COVID-19 to their families/communities.

Results

We included 1651 respondents from all 50 states: 47% were nurses, 25% physicians, 17% RTs, and 11% APPs. Shortages of intensivists and ICU nurses were reported by 12% and 28% of providers, respectively. The largest supply restrictions reported were for powered air purifying respirators (56% reporting restricted availability). Provider concerns included worries about transmitting COVID-19 to their families/communities (66%), emotional distress/burnout (58%), and insufficient personal protective equipment (PPE; 40%). After adjustment, emotional distress/burnout was significantly associated with insufficient PPE access (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–1.55), stigma from community (aRR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.24–1.41), and poor communication with supervisors (aRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06–1.21). Insufficient PPE access was the strongest predictor of feeling that the hospital is unable to keep providers safe and worries about transmitting infection to their families/communities.

Conclusions

Addressing insufficient PPE access, poor communication from supervisors, and community stigma may improve provider mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Utilization of Blood Culture in South Asia for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Febrile Illness
Authors: Hemlock Caitlin , Luby Stephen P , Saha Shampa , Qamar Farah , Andrews Jason R , Saha Samir K , Tamrakar Dipesh , Date Kashmira , Longley Ashley T , Garrett Denise O , Bogoch Isaac I
Published: September 2020

Background

Blood culture is the current standard for diagnosing bacteremic illnesses, yet it is not clear how physicians in many low- and middle-income countries utilize blood culture for diagnostic purposes and to inform treatment decisions.

Methods

We screened suspected enteric fever cases from 6 hospitals in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan, and enrolled patients if blood culture was prescribed by the treating physician. We used generalized additive regression models to analyze the probability of receiving blood culture by age, and linear regression models to analyze changes by month to the proportion of febrile cases prescribed a blood culture compared with the burden of febrile illness, stratified by hospital. We used logistic regression to analyze predictors for receiving antibiotics empirically. We descriptively reviewed changes in antibiotic therapy by susceptibility patterns and coverage, stratified by country.

Results

We screened 30 809 outpatients resulting in 1819 enteric fever cases; 1935 additional cases were enrolled from other hospital locations. Younger outpatients were less likely to receive a blood culture. The association between the number of febrile outpatients and the proportion prescribed blood culture varied by hospital. Antibiotics prescribed empirically were associated with severity and provisional diagnoses, but 31% (1147/3754) of enteric fever cases were not covered by initial therapy; this was highest in Pakistan (50%) as many isolates were resistant to cephalosporins, which were commonly prescribed empirically.

Conclusions

Understanding hospital-level communication between laboratories and physicians may improve patient care and timeliness of appropriate antibiotics, which is important considering the rise of antimicrobial resistance.
Impact of Social Distancing and Travel Restrictions on Non–Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Non–COVID-19) Respiratory Hospital Admissions in Young Children in Rural Alaska
Authors: Nolen Leisha D , Seeman Sara , Bruden Dana , Klejka Joe , Desnoyers Chris , Tiesinga James , Singleton Rosalyn
Published: September 2020

Hospitalizations due to non-coronavirus disease 2019 (non-COVID-19) respiratory illnesses decreased dramatically after social distancing was implemented in a high-risk population in rural Alaska; an unprecedented decline compared to the past 10 respiratory seasons. This demonstrates the potential secondary benefits of implementing social distancing and travel restrictions on respiratory illnesses.
The arteriovenous access stage (AVAS) classification
Authors: Baláž Peter , Hanko Jennifer , Magowan Hannah , Masengu Agnes , Lawrie Katarina , O’Neill Stephen
Published: September 2020

Background

Key anatomical factors mean that individuals needing arteriovenous access are unique and have different possibilities for fistula creation. The aim of this article is to describe a new classification system for all patients needing haemodialysis vascular access in the upper extremity with the purpose to simplify sharing the information about suitability for surgical access creation depending on vascular anatomy.

Methods

According to the patient’s vascular anatomy in right and left superior extremities, patients were separated into three arteriovenous access stages (AVAS). The AVAS was validated by three blinded observers using a sample of 70 upper limb arteriovenous maps that were performed using ultrasound on patients referred for vascular access assessment. A sample size calculation was performed and calculated that for three observers, a minimum of 67 maps were required to confirm significant agreement at a Kappa value of 0.9 (95% confidence interval 0.75–0.99).

Results

The Kappa value for inter-rater reliability using Fleiss’ Kappa coefficient was 0.94 and all patients fitted into the AVAS classification system.

Conclusion

The AVAS classification system is a simplified way to share information about vascular access options based on a patient’s vascular anatomy with high inter-rater reliability.
Distinguishing Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Subtypes in Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Bensussan Alena V , Lin John , Guo Chunxiao , Katz Ruth , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Cressman Erik , Eberlin Livia S
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Distinguishing adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma subtypes of non-small cell lung cancers is critical to patient care. Preoperative minimally-invasive biopsy techniques, such as fine needle aspiration (FNA), are increasingly used for lung cancer diagnosis and subtyping. Yet, histologic distinction of lung cancer subtypes in FNA material can be challenging. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) to diagnose and differentiate lung cancer subtypes in tissues and FNA samples.

METHODS

DESI-MSI was used to analyze 22 normal, 26 adenocarcinoma, and 25 squamous cell carcinoma lung tissues. Mass spectra obtained from the tissue sections were used to generate and validate statistical classifiers for lung cancer diagnosis and subtyping. Classifiers were then tested on DESI-MSI data collected from 16 clinical FNA samples prospectively collected from 8 patients undergoing interventional radiology guided FNA.

RESULTS

Various metabolites and lipid species were detected in the mass spectra obtained from lung tissues. The classifiers generated from tissue sections yielded 100% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 100% specificity for lung cancer diagnosis, and 73.5% accuracy for lung cancer subtyping for the training set of tissues, per-patient. On the validation set of tissues, 100% accuracy for lung cancer diagnosis and 94.1% accuracy for lung cancer subtyping were achieved. When tested on the FNA samples, 100% diagnostic accuracy and 87.5% accuracy on subtyping were achieved per-slide.

Conclusions

DESI-MSI can be useful as an ancillary technique to conventional cytopathology for diagnosis and subtyping of non-small cell lung cancers.
Cost- and Time-Based Data Deployment for Improving Scheduling Efficiency in Distributed Clouds
Authors: Li Chunlin , Zhang Yihan , Qu Xiaomei , Luo Youlong
Published: September 2020

In recent years, with the continuous development of internet of things and cloud computing technologies, data intensive applications have gotten more and more attention. In the distributed cloud environment, the access of massive data is often the bottleneck of its performance. It is very significant to propose a suitable data deployment algorithm for improving the utilization of cloud server and the efficiency of task scheduling. In order to reduce data access cost and data deployment time, an optimal data deployment algorithm is proposed in this paper. By modeling and analyzing the data deployment problem, the problem is solved by using the improved genetic algorithm. After the data are well deployed, aiming at improving the efficiency of task scheduling, a task progress aware scheduling algorithm is proposed in this paper in order to make the speculative execution mechanism more accurate. Firstly, the threshold to detect the slow tasks and fast nodes are set. Then, the slow tasks and fast nodes are detected by calculating the remaining time of the tasks and the real-time processing ability of the nodes, respectively. Finally, the backup execution of the slow tasks is performed on the fast nodes. While satisfying the load balancing of the system, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can obviously reduce data access cost, service-level agreement (SLA) default rate and the execution time of the system and optimize data deployment for improving scheduling efficiency in distributed clouds.
Language and Reading Comprehension Abilities of Elementary School-Aged Deaf Children
Authors: Crume Peter K , Lederberg Amy , Schick Brenda
Published: September 2020

Bilingual education programs for deaf children have long asserted that American Sign Language (ASL) is a better language of instruction English-like signing because ASL is a natural language. However, English-like signing may be a useful bridge to reading English. In the present study, we tested 32 deaf children between third and sixth grade to assess their capacity to use ASL or English-like signing in nine different languages and reading tasks. Our results found that there was no significant difference in the deaf children’s ability to comprehend narratives in ASL compared to when they are told in English-like signing. Additionally, language abilities in ASL and English-like signing were strongly related to each other and to reading. Reading was also strongly related to fingerspelling. Our results suggest that there may be a role in literacy instruction for English-like signing as a supplement to ASL in deaf bilingual schools.
Do Multinationals Transplant their Business Model?
Authors: Marin Dalia , Rousová Linda , Verdier Thierry
Published: September 2020

What determines whether or not multinational firms transplant the mode of organisation to other countries? We embed the theory of knowledge hierarchies in an industry equilibrium model of monopolistic competition to examine how the economic environment may affect the decision of multinational firms about transplanting the mode of organisation to other countries. We test the theory with original and matched parent and affiliate data on the level of decentralisation of 660 Austrian and German multinational firms and 2,200 of their affiliate firms in Eastern Europe. We find that market competition in both home and host markets is an important driver of organisational transfer to host countries: an increase in competition in the home (host) market by ten percentage points lowers (increases) the probability of transplanting by nine (seven) percentage points.
Optimal chest wall prosthesis: comparative study of mechanical and functional behaviour
Authors: Girotti Paolo Nicola Camillo , Königsrainer Ingmar , Pastorino Ugo , Girotti Ambrogio Luigi , Rosa Francesco
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVES

Chest wall resections are most commonly performed for tumours, infection, radiation necrosis and trauma. Defects in the anterior chest greater than 5 cm, posterior defects more than 10 cm or resection including more than 3 ribs, independently of the location, require skeletal prosthetic reconstruction. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the strength of prostheses that reproduced the normal human anatomy using different materials subjected to the most dangerous loading conditions.

METHODS

The biomechanical behaviours of different prosthetic materials under critical rib fracture conditions were analysed using the finite element method and then validated through mechanical testing of 3-dimensional polymethylmethacrylate ribs as a prosthesis reproducing the native anatomy of the human ribcage.

RESULTS

The prosthetic materials and the polymethylmethacrylate prosthesis were tested under 3 load conditions: sternal load (an anterior–posterior load applied at the third rib); lateral load (strength applied at the lateral arch of the fifth rib) and vertical load (vertical load applied at the first sternocostal junction) and showed the same results in terms of failures compared to the results from the finite element method model simulation (same location and number of fractures were detected). Although the displacement error between the finite element method and experimental test was up to 5% overall, no other microcracking was observed.

CONCLUSIONS

This experimental study demonstrated that all prosthetic materials currently available for human use show optimal mechanical behaviour in term of resistance and organ protection. Specifically, polymethylmethacrylate was a good candidate as a prosthetic material in term of lightness, resistance and prosthetic weight.
Older Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Nationwide Study in Turkey
Authors: Esme Mert , Koca Meltem , Dikmeer Ayse , Balci Cafer , Ata Naim , Dogu Burcu Balam , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Yilmaz Meltem , Celik Osman , Unal Gulnihal Gokce , Ulgu Mustafa Mahir , Birinci Suayip
Published: September 2020

Background

A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) occurred in China in December 2019 and has spread globally. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized older adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Turkey.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of hospitalized patients aged ≥ 60 years with confirmed COVID-19 from March 11, 2020 to May 27, 2020 using nationwide health database.

Results

In this nationwide cohort, a total of 16,942 hospitalized older adults with COVID-19 were enrolled, of whom 8,635 (51%) were women. Mean age was 71.2 ± 8.5 years, ranging from 60 to 113 years. Mortality rate before and after curfew was statistically different (32.2% vs. 17.9%; p < .001, respectively). Through multivariate analysis of the causes of death in older patients, we found that male gender, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, dementia, were all significantly associated with mortality in entire cohort. In addition to abovementioned risk factors, in patients aged between 60 and 79 years, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and cancer and in patients 80 years of age and older malnutrition were also associated with increased risk of mortality.

Conclusions

In addition to the results of previous studies with smaller sample size, our results confirmed the age-related relationship between specific comorbidities and COVID-19–related mortality.
Effects of a Modified Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kor Patrick Pui Kin , Liu Justina Y W , Chien Wai Tong
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives

Family caregivers of people with dementia (PWD) experience high levels of stress resulting from caregiving. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a modified of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for dementia caregiving.

Research Design and Methods

113 family caregivers of PWD were randomized to either the intervention group, receiving the 7-session modified MBCT for a period of 10 weeks with telephone follow-up or the control group, receiving the brief education on dementia care and usual care. The caregiving stress (primary outcome) and various psychological outcomes of caregivers and the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in the care recipients were assessed and compared at baseline (T0), postintervention (T1), and at the 6-month follow-up (T2).

Results

At both T1 and T2, the intervention group had a statistically greater improvement in stress (p = .02 and .03), depression (p = .001 and .04), anxiety (p = .007 and .03), and BPSD-related caregivers’ distress (p = .003 and p = .04). A significant greater improvement was also demonstrated in mental health-related quality of life at T2 (p = .001) and BPSD of the care recipients at T1 (p = .04). The increased caregivers’ level of mindfulness was significantly correlated with the improvement of various psychological outcomes at T1 and T2 with a correlation coefficient −0.64 to 0.43.

Discussion and Implications

The modified MBCT enhanced the level of mindfulness in the caregivers and was effective to reduce the caregivers’ stress and promote their psychological well-being during a 6-month follow-up. Future research is recommended to further examine its effects on the varieties of psychological and behavioral outcomes of both caregivers and care recipients and their dyadic relationships, as well as explore its mechanism of action in facilitating dementia caregiving.

Clinical Trials Registration Number

NCT03354819
DirectP-wave anisotropy measurements at Homestake Mine: implications for wave propagation in continental crust
Authors: Atterholt James , Brownlee Sarah J , Pavlis Gary L
Published: September 2020

We measured anisotropic seismic properties of schists of the Homestake Formation located at a depth of 1478 m in the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. We deployed a 24-element linear array of three-component geophones in an area in the Homestake Mine called 19-ledge. An airless jackhammer source was used to shoot two profiles: (1) a walkaway survey to appraise any distance dependence and (2) a fan shot profile to measure variations with azimuth. Slowness estimates from the fan shot profile show a statistically significant deviation with azimuth with the expected 180° variation with azimuth. We measured P-wave particle motion deviations from data rotated to ray coordinates using three methods: (1) a conventional principal component method, (2) a novel grid search method that maximized longitudinal motion over a range of search angles and (3) the multiwavelet method. The multiwavelet results were computed in two frequency bands of 200–600 and 100–300 Hz. Results were binned by azimuth and averaged with a robust estimation method with error bars estimated by a bootstrap method. The particle motion results show large, statistically significant variations with azimuth with a 180° cyclicity. We modelled the azimuthal variations in compressional wave speed and angular deviation from purely longitudinal particle motion of P-waves using an elastic tensor method to appraise the relative importance of crystalline fabric relative to fracturing parallel to foliation. The model used bulk averages of crystal fabric measured for an analogous schist sample from southeast Vermont rotated to the Homestake Formation foliation directions supplied by SURF from old mine records. We found with average crustal crack densities crack induced anisotropy had only a small effect on the observables. We found strong agreement in the traveltime data. The observed amplitudes of deviations of P particle motion showed significantly larger variation than the model predictions and a 20° phase shift in azimuth. We attribute the inadequacies of the model fit to the particle motion data to inadequacies in the analogue rock and/or near receiver distortions from smaller scale heterogeneity. We discuss the surprising variability of signals recorded in this experimental data. We show clear examples of unexplained resonances and unexpected variations on a scale much smaller than a wavelength that has broad implications for wave propagation in real rocks.
Defrenne v SABENA (‘Defrenne II’) (Case 43/75), EU:C:1976:56, [1976] ECR 455, 8 April 1976
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Defrenne v SABENA (‘Defrenne II’) (Case 43/75), EU:C:1976:56, [1976] ECR 455, 8 April 1976. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen OߣMeara.
Commission v Poland (Case C-619/18), EU:C:2019:531, [2008] ECR I-6351, 24 June 2019
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Commission v Poland (Case C-619/18), EU:C:2019:531, [2008] ECR I-6351, 24 June 2019. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and others v European Parliament and Council of the European Union (Cases T-18/10 and C-583/11 P ‘Inuit I’), EU:T:2011:419, 6 September 2011/ EU:C:2013:625, 3 October 2013
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and others v European Parliament and Council of the European Union (Cases T-18/00 and C-583/11 P ‘Inuit I’), EU:T:2011:419, 6 September 2011/ EU:C:2013:625, 3 October 2013. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
María Martínez Sala v Freistaat Bayern (Case C-85/96), EU:C:1998:217, [1998] ECR I-2691, 12 May 1998
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in María Martínez Sala v Freistaat Bayern (Case C-85/96), EU:C:1998:217, [1998] ECR I-2691, 12 May 1998. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Rudy Grzelczyk v Centre public d’aide sociale d’Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve (Case C-184/99), EU:C:2001:458, [2001] ECR I-06193, 20 September 2001
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Rudy Grzelczyk v Centre public d’aide sociale d’Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve (Case C-184/99), EU:C:2001:458, [2001] ECR I-06193, 20 September 2001. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Elisabeta Dano and Florin Dano v Jobcenter Leipzig (Case C-333/13), EU:C:2014:2358, [2014] ECR I-2358, 11 November 2014
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Elisabeta Dano and Florin Dano v Jobcenter Leipzig (Case C-333/13), EU:C:2014:2358, [2014] ECR I-2358, 11 November 2014. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Jobcenter Berlin Neukölln v Nazifa Alimanovic and others (Case C-67/14), EU:C:2015:597, 15 September 2015
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Jobcenter Berlin Neukölln v Nazifa Alimanovic and others (Case C-67/14), EU:C:2015:597, 15 September 2015. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Aranyosi and Căldăraru (Joined cases C-404/15 and C-659/15 PPU), EU:C:2016:198, 5 April 2016
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Aranyosi and Căldăraru (Joined Cases C-404/15 and C-659/15 PPU), EU:C:2016:198, 5 April 2016. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O'Meara.
Bocardo SA v Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd [2010] UKSC 35, Supreme Court
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bocardo SA v Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd [2010] UKSC 35, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Jennings v Rice [2002] EWCA Civ 159, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Jennings v Rice [2002] EWCA Civ 159, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
AG Securities v Vaughan; Antoniades v Villiers [1990] 1 AC 417, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in AG Securities v Vaughan; Antoniades v Villiers [1990] 1 AC 417, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Cheltenham & Gloucester plc v Krausz [1997] 1 WLR 1558, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Cheltenham & Gloucester plc v Krausz [1997] 1 WLR 1558, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Rhone v Stephens [1994] 2 AC 310, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Rhone v Stephens [1994] 2 AC 310, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Mitchell and another v Glasgow City Council [2009] UKHL 11
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Mitchell and another v Glasgow City Council [2009] UKHL 11. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Bolitho v City and Hackney HA [1998] AC 232
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bolitho v City and Hackney HA [1998] AC 232. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
St Helen’s Smelting Co v Tipping [1865] 11 ER 642
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in St Helen’s Smelting Co v Tipping [1865] 11 ER 642. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] AC 655
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] AC 655. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Stocker v Stocker [2019] UKSC 17
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Stocker v Stocker [2019] UKSC 17. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Hunter v Moss [1994] 1 WLR 452, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Hunter v Moss [1994] 1 WLR 452, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd [1995] 1 AC 74, Privy Council
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd [1995] 1 AC 74, Privy Council. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Neville Estates v Madden [1962] Ch 832, Chancery Division
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Neville Estates v Madden [1962] Ch 832, Chancery Division. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Nestlé v National Westminster Bank Plc [1993] 1 WLR 1260, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Nestlé v National Westminster Bank Plc [1993] 1 WLR 1260, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Vandervell v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1967] 2 AC 291, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Vandervell v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1967] 2 AC 291, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Re Vandervell’s Trusts (No 2) [1974] Ch 269, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Vandervell’s Trusts (No 2) [1974] Ch 269, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale v Islington London Borough Council [1996] 2 AC 669, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale v Islington London Borough Council [1996] 2 AC 669, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Jones v Kernott [2011] UKSC 53, Supreme Court
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Jones v Kernott [2011] UKSC 53, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Bartlett v Barclays Bank Trust Co Ltd (Nos 1 & 2) [1980] Ch 515, Chancery Division
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2020

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bartlett v Barclays Bank Trust Co Ltd (Nos 1 & 2) [1980] Ch 515, Chancery Division. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.