bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade Unions in a Changing World of Work
Authors: Simms Melanie
Published: October 2024

This chapter evaluates the position of trade unions within the changing context of UK industrial relations, covering the period from Thatcherism to more recent contextual changes in relation to financialization and the pandemic, along with reflections drawing on the author's long-standing contribution to debates on union organizing and renewal. Union membership, density and bargaining coverage in the UK have all declined dramatically since the 1980s, and with that, their role in public life and influence over employment terms and conditions has waned. This chapter reflects on these changes, how unions have attempted to reverse the decline and their role in contemporary society.
Labour Markets
Authors: Rubery Jill
Published: October 2024

This chapter highlights the particular contribution of industrial relations to our understanding of labour markets. It explores the changing nature of labour markets and wider long-term developments, including: globalization; the dominance of the service sector; the fragmentation of employing organizations through the use of outsourcing; and flexibilization, feminization and financialization. These wider trends are analysed with reference to key recent developments in terms of technology, platform work, the pandemic and prospects for the further deterioration and segmentation of conditions of work. The chapter analyses the implications of COVID-19 and the subsequent cost-of-living crisis for these longer-term trends, and considers the likely direction and force of future trends without a reversal of current policy agendas.
Research Note : Recovering Vernacular Landscapes in World War II Incarceration Camps Through Japanese American Newspapers
Authors: Horiuchi Lynne
Published: October 2024

abstract: In February 1942, an estimated 120,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans in the United States were forced to move into seventeen temporary holding camps formally and euphemistically named reception or assembly centers, and later were removed to ten semipermanent relocation centers. This Research Note seeks to demonstrate how knowledge about the ephemeral and lost assembly center landscapes may be recovered by critically examining reporting about carceral conditions in government-censored incarceration camp newspapers, using the Tanforan Totalizer , a prison camp newspaper published at the Tanforan Assembly Center, as a methodological case history. It takes into account the trauma and oppression the imprisoned population was experiencing at Tanforan Assembly Center, a racetrack in San Bruno, California, that was repurposed to serve as an assembly center. This article demonstrates the ability to recover substantial information about Tanforan landscapes in the Totalizer as well as the humor its journalists used as a strategic mode to evade censorship. Given that the newspaper was subject to extreme censorship, I evaluate it as a filter for what could be revealed about the landscapes at Tanforan Assembly Center and the prisoners' building practices at this temporary site of the incarceration. The prisoners' resilience in dealing with their oppressive living conditions is conveyed in this journalism along with the gravitas and poignancy of their agency, leavened with ironic humor and cooperative community efforts. This article also explores the embodied spatialized experience of Taro Katayama, editor of the Totalizer , as he moved from the Tanforan Assembly Center to the Central Utah Relocation Center at Topaz, Utah, where he was managing editor of the Topaz Times and an editor of the art journal Trek .
Sensitivity-enhanced optical fiber probe-type humidity sensor based on CaAlg film
Authors: Cheng Yufei , Bian Ce , Pan Jing , Yan Juanzhi
Published: October 2024

Optical fiber probe-type humidity sensors based on calcium alginate (CaAlg) hydrogel films are proposed. The sensor is based on the Michelson interferometer (MI) and constructed by splicing a tapered multimode fiber (MMF) in the middle of two single-mode fibers (SMFs). One of the 1.5 cm long SMFs is coated with CaAlg hydrogel film and can be regarded as the sensor probe. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.31015 nm/%RH. The high sensitivity, low temperature crosstalk, compact probe structure, and stability of the sensor allow it to be used for humidity monitoring in a variety of complex environments.
Effect of sample temperature and laser ablation angle on optical emission and acoustic signals from laser-induced zirconium plasma
Authors: Batsaikhan Munkhbat , Ohba Hironori , Karino Takahiro , Akaoka Katsuaki , Wakaida Ikuo
Published: October 2024

A fiber-coupled, acoustic-wave-assisted (AW) microchip laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (mLIBS) system was developed to analyze the elemental composition and surface imaging. In this study, we measured the dependence of sample temperature and laser ablation angle (LAA) on the laser-induced plasma–optical emission (LIP–OE) and LIP–acoustic signal (LIP–AS). The intensity of the LIP–OE and ablated mass at three different temperatures and eight different LAAs were estimated using a zirconium sample. Simultaneously, we investigated the LIP–AS amplitude, propagation speed, and shape by synchronizing the AW-mLIBS system with a high-speed camera. The results revealed that the LIP–OE increases with increasing temperature and is unaffected by LAA up to 40° because the amount of the ablated mass was similar to the plasma. Additionally, no considerable variation in plasma temperature was obtained using the Boltzmann method over the sample temperature. However, the propagation speed of the LIP–AS differs with temperature but has marginal angular dependence because the LIP–AS propagates as semispherical. Furthermore, no considerable changes were observed in the LIP–AS amplitude up to 100°C, and the LAA showed a similar tendency to that of the LIP–OE.
Unmasking biases and navigating pitfalls in the ophthalmic artificial intelligence lifecycle: A narrative review
Authors: Nakayama Luis Filipe , Matos João , Quion Justin , Novaes Frederico , Mitchell William Greig , Mwavu Rogers , Hung Claudia Ju-Yi Ji , Santiago Alvina Pauline Dy , Phanphruk Warachaya , Cardoso Jaime S. , Celi Leo Anthony
Published: October 2024

Over the past 2 decades, exponential growth in data availability, computational power, and newly available modeling techniques has led to an expansion in interest, investment, and research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. Ophthalmology is one of many fields that seek to benefit from AI given the advent of telemedicine screening programs and the use of ancillary imaging. However, before AI can be widely deployed, further work must be done to avoid the pitfalls within the AI lifecycle. This review article breaks down the AI lifecycle into seven steps—data collection; defining the model task; data preprocessing and labeling; model development; model evaluation and validation; deployment; and finally, post-deployment evaluation, monitoring, and system recalibration—and delves into the risks for harm at each step and strategies for mitigating them.
Desvelando ideologías raciolingüísticas hacia los hispanohablantes en las redes sociales
Authors: González Alba Álvaro
Published: October 2024

Las ideologías raciolingüísticas están presentes en casi todos los aspectos de las sociedades contemporáneas modificando las dinámicas de poder entre la cultura y sociedad dominante y aquella dominada (Rosa, 2016; Rosa y Flores, 2017). En muchos casos, estas ideologías están presentes en lugares a los cuales una gran parte de la población tiene acceso, como son las redes sociales (Dovchin, 2019) y modifican la percepción que se tiene sobre una lengua y su grupo de hablantes a través de diferentes estereotipos lingüísticos, culturales y étnicos, como es el caso de la población hispanohablante en los Estados Unidos (Christiansen, 2024). Con el objetivo de examinar cómo estas ideologías presentes en redes sociales influyen en la percepción que se tiene sobre esta comunidad de hablantes, este trabajo estudia las respuestas de 63 participantes a un cuestionario, a través del cual se observa que hay una fuerte relación entre los aspectos étnico-raciales y la lengua de las personas retratadas en las redes sociales. Quienes participan son conscientes de la influencia de estas plataformas y citan numerosos ejemplos de hablantes o grupos de hablantes que están mejor o peor representados.
Sensitivity of marine invertebrates to acidification of seawater by an atmosphere enriched with CO2
Authors: Peytoureau Aïna Poitevin , Molera Arribas Alejandro Jesús , Vieira Danielle Cristina , Resgalla Charrid
Published: October 2024

Ocean acidification, a consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2, results from oceans absorbing about one-third of CO2 emissions, leading to a decrease in pH. This phenomenon can cause sublethal or lethal damage to marine organisms some of which are crucial for coastal ecosystems and human economies. Understanding how to reproduce acidified seawater in a laboratory is essential for assessing potential impacts. Our protocol uses a CO2-enriched atmosphere to determine the pH tolerance of Mysidopsis juniae, exposed at pH 6.8 and 7.0, and larvae of Arbacia lixula, exposed at pH 7.2. M. juniae showed lethal responses at pH 6.8 ± 0.3, while A. lixula exhibited delayed larval development as a sublethal reaction at pH 7.2 ± 0.3. However, these pH levels are extreme and cannot be predicted for future oceanic conditions. Other studies have indicated negative sublethal effects on similar organisms at higher pH levels than those observed in this study. Continued experiments are necessary to prepare for and inform about the dangers of ocean acidification, and also to develop other types of studies.
Relevance of Finite Element Method in Dentistry Finite with Infinite Possibilities
Authors: Pandey Aishwarya , Sharma Lt. Col. Parvinder , B Gayathrie
Published: October 2024

This narrative review gives an insight into the Finite Element Method (FEM) and its principles comprehensible from a dentist’s point of view along with its applications in different specialties of dentistry. FEM is a method for simulating the behavior of a physical system mathematically. For this, a complex structure is broken down into several smaller components (elements) while still retaining its original characteristics. Subsequently, differential equations are used to explain and solve each component. With the advent of FEM, it became easier to comprehend various elements of oral biomechanics. Biomechanical studies designed in partnership with skilled computer engineers and experienced clinicians not only provide a better insight into the mechanisms of stress distribution but also help prepare customized treatment plans that cater to the requirements of individual patients.
Городское здоровье: выделение актуальных трендов исследований в научной литературе
Authors: Мальцева Дарья Васильевна , Щеглова Тамара Евгеньевна , Ващенко Василиса Андреевна , Моисеев Станислав Павлович
Published: October 2024

Статья представляет аналитический обзор по теме городского здоровья на основе анализа научной литературы. Интерес к полю начался около 50 лет назад и устойчиво растет. В последние десятилетия в литературе активно обсуждаются вопросы эмпирического изучения факторов, влияющих на здоровье, городского здравоохранения, социальной справедливости и доступности медицинской помощи в городских сообществах, включая здоровье бывших заключенных и его влияние на общественное здоровье. Тематика изучения городского здоровья достаточно подвижна и всегда фокусирует свое внимание на актуальных социальных проблемах — опасных заболеваниях, доступности медицины и маргинализированных группах, занимающих особое положение в городской среде.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики».
Благодарим В. Батагеля (МЛ ПСА, Университет Любляны, Университет Копера) за сбор библиометрических данных, И. Павлову и А. Пищикову (МЛ ПСА) за оформление результатов.
Отношение студентов к научной карьере: кейс Волгоградского государственного технического университета
Authors: Волков Сергей Константинович , Акимова Ольга Евгеньевна , Симонов Алексей Борисович
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена выявлению и оценке представлений студентов о науке и научной карьере. Эмпирической базой исследования выступают данные опроса, проведенного методом онлайн-анкетирования с февраля по март 2023 г. среди студентов пяти вузов Волгограда (N = 1553). Респонденты отбирались методом неслучайной выборки («снежного кома») среди молодежи, которая не имеет опыта научной деятельности. Результаты анкетирования были дополнены структурированными интервью с участниками, отобранными случайно (N = 5). Исследование свидетельствует о низкой значимости науки в качестве потенциальной сферы для построения карьеры. В качестве наиболее значимых критериев при выборе потенциального рабочего места студенты указывают уровень дохода и стабильность: чем выше заработная плата, тем престижнее работа в той или иной области, в том числе и научной. Анализ когнитивной составляющей отношения к науке показал, что студенты в целом положительно воспринимают научную деятельность. Анализ аффективной компоненты свидетельствует о том, что студенты ассоциируют науку с одаренностью, и многие из них не видят себя в будущем учеными по причине отсутствия талантов и низкой самоэффективности. В качестве рекомендаций авторы делают акцент на проактивном подходе к воспроизводству научных кадров. Необходимо демонстрировать потенциальным ученым тесную взаимосвязь между научными исследованиями и решением конкретных прикладных задач.
Неявные факторы, влияющие на мнения жителей малых городов и сельской местности о здравоохранении
Authors: Крашенинникова Юлия Александровна , Юхневич Наталья Дмитриевна
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются обстоятельства, формирующие смысловой фон для рациональных суждений граждан о качестве оказанной им медицинской помощи и работе системы здравоохранения в целом. Этот сюжет представляется важным в плане раскрытия более глобального вопроса о факторах, влияющих на мнения населения о здравоохранении, и резонирует с методологическими дискуссиями о возможностях измерений этих мнений.
Эмпирической базой послужили материалы исследовательского проекта 2022 г., посвященного влиянию пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции на медицинские организации в малых городах и сельской местности двух регионов России. Анализировались полуструктурированные интервью и неформальные беседы с жителями населенных пунктов, которых обслуживают районные и центральные районные больницы, а также их сельские структурные подразделения (врачебные амбулатории, фельдшерские пункты). Из рассказов информантов о личном опыте взаимодействия с медицинскими организациями и аргументации их отзывов о местных медиках были выделены обстоятельства, возможно, влияющие на прямые оценки удовлетворенности и доверия, обычно измеряемые в стандартизированных опросах.
Акцент сделан на факторах, которые сложно выявить и учесть при замерах, в отличие от социально-демографических характеристик респондентов и особенностей работы медицинской организации. Это яркий персональный опыт из прошлого, знания об устройстве здравоохранения, навыки в области информационно-коммуникационных технологий, репутация участкового медика как «своего» или «чужого» для локального сообщества, коммуникация с медиками, общее отношение к государству и отношение к собственному телу и здоровью. Полученная картина подтверждает сомнения в надежности использования измерений мнений пациентов в управленческой практике как инструмента для общей оценки состояния или динамики системы здравоохранения, равно как и для выработки государственной политики.
Благодарность. Авторы благодарят участников экспедиций НИУ ВШЭ, принимавших участие в полевой работе по сбору материалов, использованных в данной статье.
Šmilauer – Tesnière – závislostní syntax
Authors: Panevová Jarmila , Pognan Patrice
Published: October 2024

The article compares two representative approaches to the description of dependency syntax: Šmilauer’s syntax for Czech (1947) and Tesnière’s structural syntax focused on syntax in general (1959). Similarities and differences between the two leading representatives of modern syntax are the object of comparison. The degree of general knowledge of Tesnière’s approach in the Czech environment is considered in the works of Šmilauer before Tesnière’s most comprehensive work was published. Both authors use graphic means to capture the syntactic structure of a sentence, called stemmata by Tesnière. Both authors, however, differ in their conception of the central sentence pair of syntactic structure: subject and predicate. While Šmilauer considers the subject to be the basic source of agreement for the predicate, for Tesnière the subject is one of the members dependent on the verb (in the same vein as the objects or adverbials). This approach then led Tesnière to introduce the notion of verbal valency reflecting the necessary participants in the action expressed by the verb. Both authors also differ in their representation of the order of words in the graphic representation: Šmilauer respects the surface order of words in the sentence structure, while Tesnière mostly places the actants to the left of the governing verb and the circumstants to the right.
Filologie – věc veřejná
Authors: Mrázková Kamila , Homoláč Jiří
Published: October 2024

Alexandr Stich theoretically contributed to the definition of the journalistic style in the system of functional styles, understanding it as a style primarily determined by the persuasive function. After 1989, he himself became a prominent publicist who tried to influence public opinion on matters of cultural and political importance in his texts published especially in Literární noviny, Lidové noviny and Přítomnost. In our analysis, we approach Stich’s journalism from the perspective of Hausenblas’s functional stylistics as a text complex, i.e. as a whole, which – as we show – is unified in function, style and meaning and is internally interconnected on the linguistic, thematic and compositional levels.
Total-tau and Phospho-tau(181Thr) in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Neurologically Intact Population Increase with Age
Authors: Jaworski Jacek , Psujek M. , Bartosik-Psujek H.
Published: October 2024

Tau protein is a microtubule-associated molecule playing a crucial role in maintenance of neuronal integrity and in many neurodegenerative processes; its pathology has become a hallmark feature at the tissue level. The aim of the study was to estimate total tau and phospho-tau (Thr181) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of healthy population. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were taken from 129 subjects (age 18–77 years) without known neurologic or psychiatric condition. Both total-tau and phosphotau levels showed significant correlation with age, which was more pronounced in older population.
Polymorphisms in Serotonin-Related Genes in Anorexia Nervosa. The First Study in Czech Population and Meta-analyses with Previously Performed Studies
Authors: Martásková D. , Šlachtová L. , Kemlink D. , Záhoráková D. , Papežová Hana
Published: October 2024

Anorexia nervosa is a serious psychiatric disorder characterized by the inability to maintain normal body weight. The frequently studied polymorphisms in the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor gene (-1438A/G) and in serotonin transporter 5-HTT gene (LPR, VNTR) have led to controversial results in different populations. The aim of the study was to address association of the above-mentioned polymorphisms with anorexia nervosa in the Czech population. We genotyped a well-defined group of 75 patients with anorexia nervosa (average age of 25.39 years, SD 6.18; average BMI 14.65 (SD 1.38)). The control group consisted of 65 Caucasian healthy females (average age 25.76 years, SD 5.12; average BMI 20.69, SD 1.85). The 5-HT2A receptor -1438A/G polymorphism analysis showed a trend for the association with odds ratios for risk allele A being in the same direction. In combination with a previously published Polish cohort, the allelic test reached a suggestive borderline (P = 0.0362, χ2 statistics, 1 df). In meta-analysis which included all published results for allelic tests, the resulting P value was highly significant (0.0003, χ2 statistics, 1 df). Using quantitative association of 5-HTR2A polymorphism with BMI in the Czech sample, a borderline association (P = 0.055) was observed. In 5-HTT, LPR polymorphism analysis, unlike in 5-HT2A, neither allelic nor quantitative association with BMI for the bi-allelic 5-HTT marker was observed. Results of this study support previous reports of a significant role of the A allele (-1438A/G, 5-HT2A receptor) as a risk factor in anorexia nervosa.
Global and national burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to PM2.5 air pollution: An analysis of the GBD study from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Raina Manan , Salerno Pedro , Doshi Kush , Hu Jieji , Rajagopalan Sanjay
Published: October 2024

Epidemiological studies have established a link between air pollution and an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aims to measure the impact of T2DM related to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution by examining death rates and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019 in the United States of America. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, we examined death and DALY rates per 100,000 populations in T2DM patients, specifically focusing on ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) and household air pollution (HAP). We assessed average annual percentage change (AAPC) across various age and gender groups, states, and socio‐demographic index (SDI) categories. Our findings reveal a significant decline in death rates and DALYs in the United States of America over the last 30 years, with more pronounced decreases among females and older adults. Despite national progress, state‐level variations indicate complex interactions between environmental regulations, healthcare access, and socio‐economic factors. Some states, such as Oregon, Idaho, and Alaska, exhibited increased AAPC. Our study emphasizes the need for targeted policies and interventions to reduce PM2.5 exposure and further address regional disparities, ensuring continued improvement in public health outcomes.
Between the East and the West. Regional Transformations and the Development of Polish Research Libraries 1989–2023
Authors: Kobierska-Maciuszko Ewa
Published: October 2024

The article explores developments and challenges in Polish research libraries from 1989, which opened the country up to new economic, technological, educational, and cultural realities to the present. These decades saw intense development, particularly in technology, although not without stumbling blocks. How have libraries benefitted and changed? How sustainable and useful for user communities are these changes? The article is based on available data and studies, and on the author’s own observations and experience from 30 years of managerial activity in one of Poland’s research libraries.
Stadtbibliothek Magdeburg im Umbruch
Authors: Petsch Peter
Published: October 2024

Für die Stadtbibliothek Magdeburg waren die Zeiten nach der Wende turbulent. Einerseits musste man aufgrund der maroden Bibliotheksinfrastruktur die Chancen (z. B. Fördermittel) für die Kultur schnell nutzen, andererseits aber immer auch die Mitarbeiterschaft bei allen Neuerungen „mitnehmen“. Der eigentliche Umbruch war die Errichtung der neuen Zentralbibliothek, die allerdings mit der radikalen Verkleinerung des zu DDR-Zeiten ausgedehnten Zweigstellennetzes einherging.
Fetal hyaloid artery in first trimester of pregnancy: slowflowHD study
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Koyanagi Aya , Takayoshi Riko , Miyagi Yasunari , Miyake Takahito
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To detect fetal hyaloid artery (FHA) blood flow using SlowflowHD in the first trimester.

Methods

During the 8-month period from February to September 2023, one-hundred and eighty-three trans-abdominal scans were performed for first-trimester screening in singleton pregnancies at 11–13 + 6 weeks of gestation. One-hundred and fifty-two cases were excluded from the study due to inappropriate fetal positions, excessive fetal movements, and excessive distances between the fetus and probe; thus, thirty-one fetuses (20.4 %) were examined, comprising 19 uni- and 12 bilateral orbits. One fetus with trisomy 21 was also evaluated at 12 weeks and 1 day. FHA was classified into two types based on the starting point angle (Straight, straightly diverged from ophthalmic artery; and Curved, crookedly diverged from ophthalmic artery) using SlowflowHD.

Results

In 19 uni- and 12 bilateral orbits in 31 fetuses, FHA could be identified in all orbits. In one orbit at 13 weeks and 5 days, blood flow on the string FHA could be detected. The vasa hyaloidea propria was noted in 3 orbits, and the posterior vascular capsule was depicted in 7 orbits. The incidence of Straight-type FHA increased with advancing gestation (p<0.0001). In a fetus with Trisomy 21, Straight-type FHA was noted in the left orbit, whereas FHA could not be identified in the right orbit.

Conclusions

This is the first report on the detection of FHA in the first trimester of pregnancy. SlowflowHD may be a useful diagnostic modality to evaluate human vascular development, such as FHA in utero.
ChatGPT in Teaching Linear Algebra: Strides Forward, Steps to Go
Authors: Bagno Eli , Dana-Picard Thierry (Noah) , Reches Shulamit
Published: October 2024

As soon as a new technology emerges, the education community explores its affordances and the possibilities to apply it in education. In this article, we analyze sessions with ChatGPT around topics in basic linear algebra. We reflect on the affordances and changes between two versions of ChatGPT since its worldwide publication in our area of interest, namely, linear algebra. In particular, the question of whether this software can be a teaching assistant or even somehow replace the human teacher is addressed. As of the time this article is written, the answer is generally negative. For the small part where the answer can be positive, some reflections about an original instrumental genesis are given.
Simultaneous effects of temperature and backbone length on static and dynamic properties of high-density polyethylene-1-butene copolymer melt: Equilibrium molecular dynamics approach
Authors: Yazdanbakhsh Amirhosein , Motlagh Ghodratollah Hashemi
Published: October 2024

Temperature and chain length play significant roles in determining the physical properties of polymer melts. In the current computational research, a molecular dynamics (MD) approach was implemented to describe the static and dynamic properties of (1) high-density polyethylene-1-butene with 120 beads in backbone (PE120) and (2) entangled high-density polyethylene-1-butene with 600 beads in the backbone (PE600). The transferable potentials for phase equilibria force fields were used for CH2 beads in a defined initial condition. First, the equilibrium phase of the designed systems was reported with total energy and density convergency at various initial temperatures (T
0 = 450, 470, and 490 K). Also, gyration radius (R
g) and end-to-end distance (R) were calculated for the static behavior description of the two PEs. Zero-shear viscosity (η
0), mean square displacement, and diffusion coefficient (D) were estimated to define the dynamic behavior of PE120 and PE600 systems. MD outputs predicted that 10 ns is sufficient for equilibrium phase detection inside polymeric samples. After equilibrium phase detection, R
g converged to 14.97 and 17.35 Å in PE120 and PE600, respectively (T
0 = 450 K). Furthermore, MD outputs show that temperature variation can considerably affect the time evolution of the system. Numerically, the η
0 of PE120 and PE600 converged to 49 and 168 cp at 450 K. These results of η
0 parameter as a function of temperature are an important output of MD simulations. The results predicted that η
0 decreases to 24 and 44 cp for PE120 and PE600 samples with an increase in temperature from 450 to 490 K. With the creation of the entanglements network, D reached the highest value of 2 × 10−9 m2·s−1 among the designed polymeric systems. The results are in good consistency with experimental reports. It is expected that the result of this study can be used in designing improved polymeric systems for real applications.
Reduction in deep organ-space infection in gynecologic oncology surgery with use of oral antibiotic bowel preparation: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Kennedy Kathryn , Gaertner-Otto Jennifer , Lim Eav
Published: October 2024

Context

Deep organ-space infection (OSI) following gynecologic surgery is a source of patient morbidity and mortality. There is currently conflicting evidence regarding the use of bowel preparation prior to gynecologic surgery to reduce the rates of infection. For the additional purpose of improving patient recovery at our own institution, a retrospective cohort study compared the rate of deep OSI in patients who received oral antibiotic bowel preparation per Nichols–Condon bowel preparation with metronidazole and neomycin.

Objectives

The primary aim of this study was to compare the rate of deep organ-space surgical site infection in gynecologic surgery before and after institution of an oral antibiotic bowel preparation, thus assessing whether the preparation is associated with decreased infection rate. The secondary objective was to identify other factors associated with deep organ-space site infection.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed. Demographic and surgical data were collected via chart review of 1,017 intra-abdominal surgeries performed by gynecologic oncologists at a single institution from April 1, 2019 to December 1, 2021. Of these, 778 met the inclusion criteria; 444 did not receive preoperative oral antibiotic bowel preparation, and 334 did receive preoperative bowel preparation. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated, and a logistic regression model was utilized for categorical variables. Multivariable regression analysis was performed.

Results

A total of 778 patients were included. Deep OSI rate in patients who did not receive oral antibiotic bowel preparation was 2.3 % compared to 0.3 % (OR 0.13, confidence interval [CI] 0.06–1.03, p=0.02) in patients who did. Receiving oral antibiotic bowel preparation predicted absence of deep OSI (OR 0.04, CI 0.00–0.87, p=0.04). Laparotomy (OR 20.1, CI 1.6–250.2, p=0.02) and Asian race (OR 60.8, CI 2.6–1,380.5, p=0.01) were related to increased rates of deep OSI.

Conclusions

Oral antibiotic bowel preparation predicts a reduced risk of deep OSI. This preparation is inexpensive and low-risk, and thus these clinically significant results support a promising regimen to improve surgical outcomes, and provide guidance for prospective larger studies.
Assessment of the validity and reliability of edinburgh postpartum depression scale in Turkish men
Authors: Alkan Çiğdem , Didikoğlu Altuğ , Çöme Oğulcan , Yılmaz Betül , Mevsim Vildan
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Perinatal depression (PD) affects individuals during pregnancy and early parenthood, resembling major depression. Recent research highlights paternal perinatal depression (PPD) in fathers. PPD has adverse effects on fathers and their children. This study assesses the Turkish version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for Turkish fathers, aiming to provide a tool for PPD identification.

Methods

This methodological study validates the EPDS for Turkish fathers and explores associations with demographic and psychosocial factors. The study involved 295 fathers with infants aged 2 weeks to 12 months. The EPDS, originally designed for perinatal depression and validated in Turkish women, was used. Fathers completed a participant information questionnaire, the EPDS, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) during clinic visits. Data on sociodemographic factors, paternal roles, and pregnancy and postpartum support were collected. Mothers also completed the EPDS. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation tests were used.

Results

The study included fathers with an average age of 30.5 years, mostly with a high school education or higher. The EPDS had a mean total score of 3.1. Factor analysis suggested a three-factor structure for the EPDS in Turkish fathers, including anhedonia, anxiety, and depression. Confirmatory factor analysis validated the three-factor structure, with acceptable model fit indices. Positive correlations were found between fathers’ EPDS scores, maternal EPDS scores, and paternal BDI scores. The EPDS effectively discriminated between different levels of depression severity. Various factors, such as education level and lack of support during pregnancy and after childbirth, were associated with higher EPDS scores.

Conclusions

These findings emphasize the significance of assessing and addressing PPD in fathers, supporting the use of the EPDS as a valid tool in the Turkish context. The three-factor structure aligns with international research, highlighting the importance of a multi-dimensional approach to PPD assessment. Early intervention can mitigate PPD’s impact on fathers, mothers, and children, benefiting mental health and well-being.
From aquatic to terrestrial: An examination of plant diversity and ecological shifts
Authors: Mouhcine Ajdi , Mohammed Kara , Assouguem Amine , Gaga Younes , Benmassoud Safaa , Bari Ahmed , Ali Essam A. , Fidan Hafize , Rachid Lahlali , Bouhaddioui Abderrahim , Khabbach Abdelmajid , Bahhou Jamila
Published: October 2024

Our study focuses on plant diversity in the Allal El Fassi dam, a semi-arid continental bioclimate, to understand human-impacted aquatic ecosystems. We analyzed plant, soil, and water samples from 40 stations using various indices. We identified 55 plant species across 35 families, with Poaceae, Asteraceae, Asparagaceae, and Rosaceae being dominant. The transition zone (formerly Zone 2) is characterized by dense vegetation of hydrophytes, hemicryptophytes, and therophytes. The transformed (formerly Zone 1) and terrestrial zones (formerly Zone 3) have less diverse vegetation, dominated by phanerophytes, geophytes, and chamerophites. Phanerophytes, due to their developed root systems, are suited to dam soil types. Predominant species like Tamarix gallica L., Nerium oleander L., Juncus acutus L., and Arundo donax L. indicate the dam’s ecological transformation into a terrestrial ecosystem isolated from the river by sedimentary deposits following floods. These species are opportunistic, and adapted to water level variations.
A policy-oriented framework for social cost analysis of gambling: Evidence from the Czech Republic
Authors: Zofcak Jakub , Stroukal Dominik , Sima Josef
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces a new framework for calculating the social costs of gambling, distinguishing between private costs, externalities, and public expenditures. By focusing only on externalities and public expenditures, which are relevant to policy-making, this approach aligns with economic theory and allows for a more targeted political response. The practical application of this framework is demonstrated by calculating the social cost of gambling in the Czech Republic in 2022 using the best available data. Our findings estimate private costs to be between CZK 91.1–102.3 billion (Lie/bet scale) or CZK 89.3–105.0 billion (PGSI scale), externalities between CZK 2.6–4.8 billion or CZK 2.2–5.3 billion, and public expenditures between CZK 5.6–8.0 billion or CZK 9.6–12.1 billion (exchange rate 1 EUR = 24.48 CZK). However, quality of the calculation is heavily dependent on the quality of data and in our case serves as a practical application of the new framework. Private costs thus make the most of the total costs, but the externalities and the public expenditures are not negligible. The framework’s novel approach addresses long-standing flaws in the traditional calculations of gambling’s social costs. It proposes a division of total impacts into three distinct categories, allowing for a methodological unification and introducing rationality to political decision-making concerning gambling. By isolating externalities, private and public expenditures, this paper pioneers a pragmatic economic approach to policy intervention aimed at mitigating the social harm of gambling not reflected in its market price. Future research should incorporate this framework into regulatory impact assessments for gambling policies, which could significantly improve their quality. The study’s main limitation is the lack of Czech-specific and overall better-fitted data, especially on the psychological effects of gambling. Future research should improve data collection and consider not only the costs but also benefits of gambling to help to produce more comprehensive policy assessments.
Developing Digital Skills in Students through Blended Learning
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Elistratova Diana E.
Published: October 2024

The conditions that provoked changes in the system of education and its receiving by students are mentioned. Traditional, distance and hybrid forms of education their features, advantages and disadvantages are considered from the point of view of modern education. The pandemic of COVID-19 necessitated the search for conditions for further implementation of education with minimal omissions. Solving that problem remote learning was invented for the quarantine period, while providing this format, some organizations had to develop a system of educational resources and online platforms for interaction between teachers and students in a short time. There was also a need for technical support for both students and teachers in need of mastering new technologies and competencies. Despite the difficulties encountered, the conditions of the pandemic made it possible to open up new online education opportunities that could not be ignored after all restrictions were lifted. Returning to the traditional form of education there is a crucial question how can the developed online resources and platforms be used in teaching students. Hybrid form of education has been recognized as an effective innovation with a number of conditions and requirements that act as an obstacle to the organization of the educational process, including for teachers, the role of the teaching staff in this system is changing and expanding. The information and technical resources and conditions that allow for the implementation of blended learning, and some of its types, are indicated. In conclusion, the effectiveness of hybrid education is outlined, as well as the basic requirements for students studying in this form.
Model for Sustainability Improvement of Student Satisfaction Based on Service Quality: Testing the American Customer Satisfaction Model in Higher Education
Authors: Raharjo Teguh Hardi , Ismiyati  , Ikhsananto Aan
Published: October 2024

This research aims to empirically investigate the antecedents and consequences of student satisfaction with programs provided by higher education institutions and identify service quality attributes that need to be improved. This research uses the American Customer Satisfaction Model (ACSM) as an analytical lens. The unit of analysis in this research concentrates on students who are studying at Semarang City Universities. Partial Least Squares (PLS) estimation is used to test measurement models, estimate the predictive power of theoretical models, and obtain the SSI score. Although student satisfaction is a complex concept, this model has proven to be an accurate estimator. The research results show that student satisfaction is entirely satisfactory, with an SSI score of 68.75. Through the Structural Measurement Method, it was found that perceived benefits and interactions in the process had the most significant influence on satisfaction. This research contributes to discussions about service quality by highlighting the role of perceived usefulness and aspects of the interaction process as factors shaping service quality. Apart from that, this research also reinforces the discussion regarding the relationship between student satisfaction and complaints by showing that this relationship is negative if managed by producing graduates loyal to the university.
The Role of Knowledge, Skills and Experiences of SMEs in Poverty Reduction
Authors: Baidlowi Imam , Subroto Waspodo Tjipto
Published: October 2024

The success of an entity needs knowledge, skills, and experiences in business. For instance, knowledge on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), skills, and experiences in business is a vital component in poverty reduction. The purpose of this study therefore was to determine the role knowledge of SMEs, skills and experiences in business activities in poverty reduction.  The respondents were 370 business people from 37 counties and cities in East Java. Their selection was based on cluster purposive sampling technique, and Structural Equation Modelling and regression two-stage were used for data analysis. The study established that knowledge has a significant influence impact on business but does not on influence poverty reduction. Also, skills in SMEs have a significant impact in poverty reduction. The experiences in business have are influence and significant impact at profitabilities and poverty reduction. Generally, knowledge, skill, and experiences on SMEs have a significant impact on reducing poverty.
Development of Tourism Village Through Community-Based Tourism (CBT) Concept Approach in Branjang Village
Authors: Mahmud Amir , Rahmawati Eka , Susilowati Nurdian , Aeni Ida Nur
Published: October 2024

This service activity aims to understand the development of tourist villages and awareness of village community participation. The service method used is socialization and training. The target audience for the service activities is the village government and POKDARWIS Branjang Village. Activities are packaged in the form of webinars and discussions using zoom meetings. The results show that the village government, POKDARWIS managers, and the community can understand the concept of developing a tourist village and its mapping for community welfare. Branjang Village has officially become a Tourism Village based on the decision of the Central Java Provincial Tourism Office. Community involvement in determining tourism potential and opportunities is the primary key to developing a tourist village. In addition, the Village's understanding of community-based tourism continues to be socialized through POKDARWIS, which is ready with its vision and mission to develop tourism in the Village. Funding and policy support continues to be carried out so that tourism in the Village can continue to exist and benefit the broader community.
Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah pemahaman pengembangan desa wisata dan kesadaran partisipasi masyarakat desa. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan adalah sosialisasi dan pelatihan. Khalayak sasaran kegiatan pengabdian adalah pemerintah desa dan POKDARWIS Desa Branjang. Kegiatan dikemas dalam bentuk webinar dan diskusi menggunakan zoom meeting. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah desa, pengelola POKDARWIS, serta masyarakat dapat memahami konsep pengembangan desa wisata dan pemetaanya untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat. Saat ini Desa Branjang telah resmi menjadi Desa Wisata berdasarkan keputusan Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Keterlibatan masyarakat dalam menentukan potensi wisata dan peluang wisata menjadi kunci utama keberhasilan pengembangan desa wisata. Disamping itu, pemahaman tentang pariwisata berbasis masyarakat terus disosialisasikan oleh Desa melalui POKDARWIS yang siap dengan visi misinya mengembangkan wisata yang ada di desa. Dukungan dana dan kebijakan terus dilakukan agar wisata yang ada di desa dapat terus eksis dan memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat luas.
Training of School's Mailing Administration Based on Digital in “PAUD Mutiara Kids”, Traji Village, Temanggung District
Authors: Pramusinto Hengky , Ismiyati Ismiyati , Yulianti Nita Dwi
Published: October 2024

This community service aims to increase the knowledge and skills of Administration employees at Paud Mutiara Kids in managing incoming and outgoing letters to help smooth school activities. The method of implementing activities is planned using a participatory approach, with service work procedures that include training preparation, training implementation, training monitoring and evaluation, mentoring and mentoring monitoring and evaluation. The target of this community service is PAUD KIDS in Traji Village, Temanggung Regency. The results of this service activity, which was carried out on Tuesday, 24 August 2021, at Mutiara Kids Early Childhood Education, Traji Village, Temanggung Regency face-to-face as well as online, material delivery was carried out online via Zoom with a discussion of letter management at work while mentoring was carried out face-to-face with keep following health protocols by using e-agenda software. This activity concludes that the "Training and Assistance for Digital-Based School Letter Administration Management at Early Childhood Education in Traji Village, Temanggung Regency" community service activity has been carried out well, received good feedback, and participants expect the training event to be held again. This activity suggests that community service activities are expected to be carried out regularly and targets that really need them.
Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan pegawai Tata Usaha di Paud Mutiara Kids dalam mengelola surat masuk dan surat keluar sehingga membantu kelancaran kegiatan sekolah. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan direncanakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif, dengan prosedur kerja pengabdian yang meliputi persiapan pelatihan, pelaksanaan pelatihan, pemantauan dan evaluasi pelatihan, pendampingan dan pemantauan dan evaluasi pendampingan. Sasaran dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini yaitu PAUD KIDS Desa Traji Kabupaten Temanggung. Hasil kegiatan dari pengabdian ini yang dilaksanakan pada hari Selasa, 24 Agustus 2021 di Paud Mutiara Kids, Desa Traji Kabupaten Temanggung secara tatap muka dan juga daring, pemberian materi dilaksanakan secara daring melalui zoom dengan pembahasan pengelolaan surat ditempat kerja sedangkan pendampingan dilakukan secara tatap muka dengan tetap mengikuti protokol kesehatan dengan menggunakan software e-agenda. Simpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat “Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Tata Kelola Administrasi Persuratan Sekolah Berbasis Digital di Paud Kids Desa Traji, Kabupaten Temanggung” telah terlaksana dengan baik, mendapatkan feedback yang baik dan peserta mengharapkan acara pelatihan diselenggrakan kembali. Saran dalam kegiatan ini adalah diharapkan kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan secara rutin serta sasaran yang benar-benar membutuhkan.