bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENTREPRENEURIAL MOTIVATIONS TO START NEW BUSINESSES: A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, ANDRONICEANU Ane-Mari , KINNUNEN Jani ,   Åbo Akademi University, Finland, GEORGESCU Irina ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

This paper explores the effects of attitudes on total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA). The data is obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor’s Adult Population Surveys (APS) on the characteristics and motivations of individuals to start new businesses. The dataset consists, e.g., of individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions, their perceived capabilities, opportunities, and risks as well as the share of female-male entrepreneurs. The time-series for 16 European and Latin American countries together with Taiwan and Iran cover the research period 2011-2019. All countries with long enough time-series data are included. The research methodology tests Random and Fixed Effects Models. The latter model becomes selected leading to a model explaining 95% (R2 ) of the variation in TEA. The results of the rather heterogeneous sample of countries show that when individuals recognize their own capabilities to start and run businesses, they also have entrepreneurial intentions, which both have great significant positive effects on the early-stage entrepreneurial activity. Interestingly, fear of failure, which may prevent individuals to start a business, had also positive effects on TEA. This suggests that fear of failure goes hand-in-hand with the willingness to start new businesses. Further, testing the predictive power of the obtained Fixed Effects Model demonstrated it highly accurate. For future research, countries may be clustered by their attitudes and entrepreneurial conditions, which were not considered in this study, when timeseries analysis may reveal different set of indicators driving entrepreneurship, e.g., in Europe and Latin America.
VALORIZATION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP THROUGH THE EXERCISE COMPANY, THE REAL PREMISE OF SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania, LUPU Geanina-Valentina , CEOCEA Costel ,   Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacău, Romania, POP Alina Bianca ,   Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Northern University Centre of Baia Mare, Romania, ȚÎȚU Aurel Mihail ,   Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Academy of Romanian Scientists, Romania
Published: February 2022

Entrepreneurship is a modern economic concept that positively influences the economy as a whole. Today there are more and more businesses that require skilled labor and sustained economic growth. The European Union also contributes to this idea through a series of social objectives such as eliminating urban-rural disparities, stimulating entrepreneurship, rural development. Entrepreneurship is valued in the compulsory curriculum for the technological chain of the high school through the training company. This paper starts from the idea that students in rural areas are able to perform with the help of the exercise company, to develop their entrepreneurial knowledge. This article is based on a method of quantitative and qualitative research of national and international literature. The main tools used were the experiment and the survey using the questionnaire. The examination and interpretation of the obtained results highlighted conclusions regarding the impact of the exercise company for the capitalization of entrepreneurship among high school students in rural areas. The skilled and educated workforce is the basis for generational renewal, reducing the rate of depopulation, especially in rural areas, and building a solid foundation for increasing the quality of life leading to sustainable rural development.
MANAGING CHANGES IN DEVELOPING WORLD: CASE STUDIES OF BLENDED LEARNING ADOPTION (CHANGE) IN CAMBODIAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, SOM Ratana , CHAN Raksmey ,   Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, DUMITRAȘCU Dănuț Dumitru ,   Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania
Published: February 2022

A conceptualization of change management framework informed that positive change is managed with considerations of type, elements and process. This framework was confirmed by recent situational analyses made at two Cambodia’s public higher education institutions where adoption of Blended Learning (the change) was found to be promising with increased students’ satisfaction, increased lecturers’ involvement and continued program expansion. Employing case study design, this study aims to reconfirm the constructs, suggesting, where possible, for readjustment to make it really works. To that end, in-depth interviews with institutional leadership and key informants and focus group discussion with involved faculties were conducted. Results from the study suggested that although the framework do explain the real management practices on the ground, it had been deformed in a way that allowed the above top management much bigger control on type and elements of change. Middle managements (the Center’s head) whose roles were supposed to have the above controls were left otherwise to manage the whole process of change. While this strategic error, on the one hand, made the above successes far from being institutionalized, it, on the other hand, confirmed the validity of the above framework. For this framework to be most practical, this study recommends that more strategic supports and policies, together with a reliable monitoring and evaluation platform, be developed while internal source of funding should also be secured.
STUDY REGARDING THE IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF RISKS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF A ROMANIAN ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, Romania, CEOCEA Raluca Alexandra , CEOCEA Costel ,   Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacău, Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania, POP Alina Bianca ,   Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Northern University Centre of Baia Mare, Romania, ȚÎȚU Aurel Mihail ,   Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
Published: February 2022

Risk management is part of the management process within an organization that can lead to the identification and implementation of potential factors that may threaten the security of the organization, measuring the severity of these factors, reducing effects through prevention and protection, transferring those effects that cannot be managed by the management of the organization. The presented study offers a specific approach to the profile production by identifying and evaluating the risks in the management activity within an organization whose object of activity is the manufacture of certain types of agricultural and forestry machines and equipment. The analysis presented through this study led to beneficial conclusions on the financial diagnosis synthesized by the authors in strengths and weaknesses of the organization, in substantiating opportunities and threats, respectively in assessing possible risks. The study can be used as a model for other organizations and attention can be focused on the risk of decision making from the historical perspective of the scientific theory of decision. It should be emphasized that the paper presented is a point of view of the authors on how to develop and implement the specific process of risk management, how to make decisions and not ultimately to identify the most appropriate techniques, methods and tools that can be applied in the decision-making process within an organization with object of activity focused on the manufacture of forestry agricultural machines and equipment.
TRADITIONAL INVESTING VS NEW TRENDS: A REVIEW OF THE INVESTMENT LANDSCAPE IN TRANSITION TOWARDS INDUSTRY 4.0
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, DINULESCU Ruxandra , PUCHEANU Florin ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, BUGHEANU Alexandru-Mihai ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

The aim for the current paper is to provide an overview analysis on the main financial markets. As a result, the study will investigate the topic of mutual funds, stock market or cryptocurrency investments. Consequently, this article provides evidence that in the European Union, one out of five individuals has at least one investment source. In effect, the research shows that if there is demand, it will also be a supply, both factors ensuring the existence of the stock market. Unlike most of the previous studies it has a double approach. First of all, this study critically examines the framework of the main investment sources starting from the traditional ones – like mutual funds, to the new ones – cryptocurrency market. Additionally, this paper develops investigations in the field of quantitative analysis presenting the respondents’ opinions regarding the future of cryptocurrencies as well as their reliability compared to mutual funds. These findings can serve as the foundation of a potential investment strategy for any consumer with medium- and long-term financial objectives.
MACRO-MANAGEMENT INDICES MODELED WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK. INFLUENCES ON PURCHASING POWER PARITIES
Authors:   Ovidius University from Constanta, Romania, ILIE Constantin , ILIE Margareta ,   Ovidius University from Constanta, Romania
Published: February 2022

The present paper shows research results regarding Artificial Neural Network simulation on macroeconomics indices and their influences over purchasing power parities. The objective was the successful build, train, and testing of different types of Artificial Neural Network to determine the best structure for applications. In modeling and simulation, authors used, not only the classical indices but also, the new ones such as online companies and houses with internet connections. The method used Artificial Neural Networks in the form of feedforward and different functions and algorithms for simulating the influence between several indices over the purchasing power parities. The results showed that’s the best Artificial Neural Network hidden neurons function is tanh and the best solver four weights optimization was Adam algorithm. Applying them, the research results in absolute error smaller than 0.002 and a mean squared error smaller than 2*10-6 . These results proved that the chosen Artificial Neural Networks can be applied to the problem modeled and can be used further for a greater amount of data. The small error demonstrates the efficiency of training and the possibility of using the proposed type and features of an Artificial Neural Network.
INNOVATIVE MODELS FOR APPROACHING MANAGERIAL PRACTICE
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, POPESCU Doina I. , CEPTUREANU Eduard Gabriel ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, CEPTUREANU Sebastian Ion ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the challenges that companies face in the new socio-economic context, which demand changes at strategic level as well as at operational and functional level. In this context, innovating firms, adopting sustainable business models which maximise customer experience with zero environmental impact, are presented. Also, the innovative solutions used in the new business models enable a larger brand-consumer interaction. In addition, brands are now capable of creating circular business models and of generating multiple revenue streams from the same product, more than in a linear business model.
STUDY ON THE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CRISIS GENERATED BY THE CORONAVIRUS
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, ȚOȚAN Lavinia Ștefania , FRĂSINEANU Corina ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, POPESCU Valentin Sorin ,   Ministry of National Education, Bucharest, Romania
Published: February 2022

The education is one of the most important subject of these days for our society. At the international level, it is about competitiveness. The countries are fight for sales markets, for investments and for attracting investors. We analyze the most important indicators on the tertiary education system: the total number of students, the total number of graduates, the total number of teaching staff, the total number of graduates by sex and by fields of education. We realize an econometric model between the total number of students, GDP from education and health and the total number of teaching staff from tertiary education. We recommended some measures for development of education system.
CHALLENGES OF TOURISM IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC CRISIS
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, ȚOȚAN Lavinia Ștefania , FRĂSINEANU Corina ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, DAWED Raluca-Corina ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

The hospitality industry sector is among the most affected economic areas as a result of the outbreak of diseases caused by the Covid-19 virus. Over the course of a few months, Covid_19 affects all aspects of daily life globally. Due to the increased mobility, travel and tourism, the virus is rapidly reaching all continents. Ironically, tourism is falling victim to its own success. As a result of unprecedented measures to prevent the spread of the virus, in April 2020, 100% of the world's tourist destinations introduce travel restrictions (UNCTAD, 2020). For the world economy, tourism is an essential sector. In 2019, the tourism sector accounted for almost 30% of global service exports and created 300 million jobs (UNCTAD, 2020). The lock-down and restrictions imposed have a severe effect on tourism and travel, and for countries that depend to a significant extent on this economic field, things are even worse. According to data provided by the UNWTO, the contribution of the tourism sector to global GDP was about 10%. With 1,481 million international arrivals and revenues of $ 1.46 trillion in 2019, it is one of the most dynamic sectors of the global economy.
THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY ON HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION CHOICES. EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, ANTON George
Published: February 2022

This paper is evaluating the impact of uncertainty shocks that are affecting the household behavior in the European Union countries by employing a quantitative approach. By employing a Bayesian VAR model, this paper provides an answer on the importance of the uncertainty shocks on the household consumption choices by using impulse response functions and variance decompositions statistics. The relevance of the study is a major one as it quantifies the impact of the uncertainty pressure on choices consumers make during uncertain times such as the great recession or covid-19 health crisis. Given the current increased focus of the literature on behavioral economics and consumer welfare this paper will provide an answer on consumption by sector increase and decrease as a result of uncertainty shocks.
PERFORMANCE AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SMEs
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, RUSU Daniel
Published: February 2022

To date, most business management research has focused on large companies and has not taken into account the factor related to the size of companies. Much research in recent decades has studied the causal relationships with implications and antecedents of CSR application, debated definitions, and considered their scope and content. This study wants to analyze, in the contexts of SMEs, the theoretical frame of reference, the consequences as well as the antecedents of CSR in order to provide future empirical studies, a starting point. The results highlight aspects related to the possible impact in the context of SMEs of CSR, barriers, language, terminology, background and the recommended theoretical framework. The analysis of the scientific output that is indexed in the international Scopus database on the topic of “corporate social performance and corporate social responsibility” in SMEs is the main objective of this study. Social responsibility actions represent, within large corporations, a natural practice, which is obvious, observed in the literature. Given this aspect, there is a totally different reality in the case of small and medium enterprises, primarily due to their high heterogeneity. Starting from this objective, we identified a number of 324 articles on this topic, following a bibliometric analysis. The majority of studies being qualitative studies, there is a certain concentration of scientific production in the last 18 years (2002-2020).
BARRIERS TO ACCESSING MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES: A PERSPECTIVE FROM WORKING AND NON-WORKING CLASS
Authors:   Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Czech Republic, ABBAS Zuhair , ZÁMEČNÍK Roman ,   Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Czech Republic, HAIDER Ismat ,   Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Czech Republic, WASIM Saima ,   Institute of Business Management, Pakistan, KHAN Afshan ,   Institute of Business Management, Pakistan, AKHLAQ Ather ,   Institute of Business Management, Pakistan, HUSSAIN Kanwal ,   Institute of Business Management, Pakistan
Published: February 2022

In Pakistan, obtaining mental health services is a prevailing societal barrier. Lack of education and awareness towards mental health has caused long-term damage. The present study has sought to explore the perceived barriers to accessing mental health services and to identify the contributing factors towards mental health issues in Karachi, Pakistan. This study employed exploratory approach. Our study conducted 20 semi-structured interviews in the developing country context (Pakistan). The major identified barriers were unaffordability and societal taboo, lack of awareness towards mental distress issues and inaccessibility of professionals (psychologists and psychiatrists). Principal reasons for depression among individuals were suppression of feelings and the need for privacy in life. Authors have explored changing trends in current times where individuals now bear an optimistic attitude towards seeking help and with lots of awareness campaigns underway to educate the masses. The authors primarily recommended the reduction of barriers to mental distress by making it affordable and easily accessible.
INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF TELEWORKING MODEL ON WORK PERFORMANCE AND WORK CONDITIONS IN A ROMANIAN FAMILY BUSINESS
Authors:   1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba-Iulia, România, CONSTANTINESCU Lavinia , NICHITA Elena-Mirela ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, PĂUNESCU Mirela ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

This research provides an analysis of the teleworking model during the times of pandemic COVID-19 and of the impact on employees' efficiency and shows how the business continuity was assured in a particular setup - a family business. Employing the single case study research methodology, this investigation intends to offer insights of the teleworking model in terms of interviewees' perceptions concerning the work conditions and work performance. The time framework analysed covers the period from March 2020 to June 2021. The data used was obtained through semi-structured interviews with key persons from relevant departments of the company, complemented with information extracted from internal reports. Several concepts related to the teleworking model are addressed: work performance, working conditions and individual perception of employees in respect to teleworking. Our analysis highlights employees’ difficulties to adapt to the new work model caused by the absence of interactions with colleagues, which, in a family business, are assimilated to family members. The research acknowledges the need for digitalization of the company’s processes and for maintaining the hybrid model of working in order to ensure the business continuousness. Our study contributes to the knowledge of how the teleworking model influences employees and family businesses, during the COVID-19 outbreak.
TRADITIONS IN JAPANESE CORPORATE CULTURE AND ITS IMPACT ON WORK PERFORMANCE
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, LAW Kurtz , TARABAN Irina ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, ITOI Takatomo ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, MARCHIS Dorin ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania,   Babes Bolyai University, Romania
Published: February 2022

This paper examines core cultural differences between Western and Japanese employees’ perceptions of the sense of belonging, morale, team conflict and work devotion in the context of work productivity. A questionnaire-based survey involving 135 employees from organizations in Japan, was carried out for data collection. The main results obtained through structural equation modelling suggest a positive effect on work productivity between three of the elements, morale, conflict and work devotion, and a negative correlation for the sense of belonging. The findings may be useful for cross-cultural understanding when undertaking business projects with Japanese companies and employees.
THE INFLUENCE OF ROMANIAN STUDENTS’ CHOICES IN HIGHER EDUCATION ON EMPLOYMENT RATE AND JOB SATISFACTION
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, DOBRE Alina Nicoleta , BREAZU Andreea ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, ȘTEFAN Simona Cătălina ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the role of higher education has increased significantly in the development of national economies, due to the expansion of the knowledge economy, which creates and transforms knowledge into innovation. This paper aims to analyze elements of job satisfaction of people who have completed higher education. Thus, the study was dedicated only to graduates of a higher education cycle and to those who are active on the labor market. As anticipated, the research results revealed that the specialized knowledge influences the employment rate of the graduates. At the same time, the results also indicated that a high level of knowledge acquired during specialized studies (specialized knowledge, IT, teamwork, ability to analyze and synthesize, critical thinking) contributes to increasing employee satisfaction at work. The usefulness of this study lies in the fact that it helps young people in choosing the future field of activity, as they know that a job in the field of specialized studies contributes to increasing job satisfaction.
RESEARCH REGARDING THE PREFERENCE OF WAY OF WORKING IN COVID-19 CRISIS TIMES
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, ANCI KIS Iudith , DEACONU Alecxandrina ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, JANSEN Adela ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

Companies and human resources professionals are putting an important amount of effort in finding the right way to organize employees and the working models during the crisis situation in order to keep employees safe and motivated and ensure the performance and continuity of their businesses. The present paper presents the results of a research in the insurance field regarding the preference of the managers for a certain type of working mode: work totally remote, totally from the office or hybrid work, based on the quality of cooperation with others and the motivation and performance of the people. The method used was a quantitative research and two focus groups performed on the managers of an insurance company, working in all departments, located in the entire country. The research shows the fact that non-sales managers appreciate more work at distance and wish to keep this facility on long run while sales managers appreciate it less and want to work as much as possible from the office. All of them consider that, generally they cooperate and communicate well within their teams but the communication and cooperation with other teams contributing to the sales process needs some upgrades. All managers and their teams feel motivated and involved and on the long run, they all believe that hybrid work will lead to insuring the motivation and performance of their teams. Nowadays, it is key to listen to the voice of people in order to boost the quality of the decision process in a certain situation.
LEADERSHIP STYLE, INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND THE QUALITY OF THE MEDICAL ACT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC WITHIN A STATE HOSPITAL
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, CORBOȘ Răzvan-Andrei , CRISTIAN Daniel Alin ,   UMF Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania, POPESCU Ruxandra-Irina ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, BUNEA Ovidiu-Iulian ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, SCĂUNAȘU Răzvan ,   UMF Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
Published: February 2022

Through this research approach, we aimed to identify the main characteristics of the leaders of the Colțea Clinical Hospital, in the conditions and context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We chose this approach in view of the fact that the pandemic was and still is a challenge for all medical staff in the medical unit, which could have led to changes in behaviors, interpersonal relationships, with potential influences on the medical act. The results indicate that within the medical unit there is a rather transformational leadership style, with very little transactional influences, perceptions of interpersonal relationships are positive, and in terms of the quality of the medical act the highest scores were obtained by equity of the medical services and the item that described patient safety, all being elements that can characterize the activity of medical units during the COVID-19 pandemic.
THE CONGRUENCE BETWEEN TOTAL QUALITY AND ERGONOMICS
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, MANOLESCU Aurel , DOBRIN Cosmin-Octavian ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, TRICULESCU Monica ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

The issue of the paper is addressed given the history of organizations, the evolution of their management, the integrative perspectives of different currents or schools of thought and last but not least, numerous references to promoting, adapting or developing concepts such as quality movement or ergonomics movement. An attempt was made to present some potential concerns or experiences gained in order to obtain some conceptual developments and a certain necessary contribution to emphasize the congruence between total quality and ergonomics. Consequently, the issue presented must be properly understood, assumed, developed and promoted, especially for modern organizations in order to become or have a sustainable future.
FACTORS INFLUENCING TRUST IN REMOTE TEAMS
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, VEITH Cristina , ISBAITA Iyad ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, MARINESCU Paul ,   University of Bucharest, Romania
Published: February 2022

For the research we chose to analyze remote teams and the factors that influence trust in conducting professional activities remotely, due to the fact that in the current context this type of activity is much more widespread than we imagined three years ago. We have tried to understand how trust in remote work can be influenced in order to avoid possible problems caused by ignorance. For managers as well as for members of remote teams, establishing relationships based on trust has been and continues to be a challenge at the moment. The present study wants to highlight which are the main groups of factors that we must consider regarding the relationship with the element of trust in the context of conducting remote work. For the empirical data collection, we used a questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SPSS factorial analysis. The results obtained in the analysis of the factors show us that in our country, at present, there are no significant differences between the aspects considered important from the perspective of the remote team leader compared to the simple members. The nine factors were grouped into two components both for remote team leaders and for their simple members. For organizations operating in a remote system, it is important to remember the two defining components, in order to act accordingly when faced with productivity issues or adaptation to the new work system.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PROJECTS IN A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE IN THE NEW CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, LOGHIN Maria , DOBREA Răzvan Cătălin ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, ŞTEFĂNESCU Cristian Alexandru ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was one of the most debated concepts during time, with a variety of definitions. Starting with 2030 Agenda, launched by UN Summit in New York in 2015, CSR perception begin to have a common shape. This paper is a literature review and has the intention to describe the current approach in implementing CSR in Norway, Finland and Denmark. The article also emphasizes the weaknesses of each model analyzed based on the percentage of fulfillment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from 2030 Agenda. The article also gives a solution for this unprecedented triple crisis: economic, health and environmental.
A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PEER-REVIEWED LITERATURE ON DETERMINANTS OF SMALL BUSINESS GROWTH
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, LAZĂR Laurențiu , CIOCOIU Carmen Nadia ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, MARCU Cristian ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

A small business is the bedrock of every economy in the world, representing on average 95% of all organizations that are active in any given country, hence, identifying the factors that determine the growth of a small firm is paramount for a sustainable economy. The purpose of this paper is to provide, using a bibliometric analysis, a review of the small business growth topics. 1651 articles from the period 1976-2021 which were indexed in Web of Science database were analysed, in the development of the study. The main results of the article are derived from three types of analysis: a global analysis of all 1651 articles, an analysis of the citation and volume of publications and an analysis of the keyword. Hence, the most relevant findings help determine the rising interest in the subject, which publications are the most prolific and in which country the subject is mostly debated. The mapping and clustering of the keywords highlight the core elements that are associated with small business growth, also, by reviewing the most cited paper, the authors want to highlight which elements of small business growth are considered relevant by the academic world. The usefulness of this paper is derived from the underlying the trends that are currently discussed within the scientific community regarding the subject.
MANAGING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A DRIVER FOR FUTURE TOURISM
Authors:   Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania, BUŞILĂ Andreea Valentina , CRISTACHE Nicoleta ,   Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Romania
Published: February 2022

The present paper aims to emphasize how Artificial Intelligence can be managed in tourism industry in order to create a positive impact. Although everyone tends to believe that Artificial Intelligence is only about robots taking over the world, the purpose of this article is to come up with powerful meanings of the cognitive computing benefits. For instance, Artificial Intelligence encompasses a lot of different types of capabilities which can give us a better information to run the tourism businesses, but also to improve the customer’s experience. To make this study much more significant, we conducted a content analysis based on literature review, within Leximancer computer software, which shows us the most important themes and concepts related to Artificial Intelligence in future tourism.
THE ETHICAL ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY: THEORETICAL ISSUES AND METHODOLOGICAL DIFFICULTIES
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, JOSAN Andrei
Published: February 2022

The main thesis of our research is that the increasingly rapid advance of technology in the contemporary world has led to the emergence of unprecedented theoretical and methodological problems regarding the moral evaluation of new technologies, given that technological progress has increasingly overtaken the ability of society, governments and corporations to anticipate the possible ethical consequences generated by the introduction of new technologies. New technologies generate extremely many challenges to society, organizations, the business world and individuals taken separately in conditions where the rate of change is increasingly rapid and the complexity of the technological environment is increasing in recent decades during which a transition has taken place from a world characterized by industrial technology to one dominated by information technology and biotechnology. The objective of the research is to highlight a number of potential theoretical and methodological problems that make it extremely difficult to assess from an ethical perspective new emerging technology with the intention of helping to find answers to a number of fundamental questions, such as: How can we morally assess the development of technologies when they have an open horizon and involve uncertainty and lack of control? How and who should control the new emerging technologies? How will new technologies materialize and what will be their impact and influence?
RESPONSIBILITY ATTRIBUTION PROBLEMS IN COMPANIES: COULD AN ARTIFICIAL MORAL ADVISOR SOLVE THIS?
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, USZKAI Radu , VOINEA Cristina ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, GIBEA Toni ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

The main claim of our paper is that managers should not outsource moral decision-making to Artificial Moral Advisors (AMAs) and that such devices should not be used as a way of offloading moral responsibility for business decisions. In other words, in the wake of the rise of Artificial Intelligence advisors, Chief Ethics Officers or business ethics consultants still have an integral role to play. In the first part of our paper we provide a brief overview of various examples of unethical behavior in business, followed by some hypotheses regarding why unethical behavior seems to be inescapable. We then proceed to present how AMAs could be used for the purpose of moral enhancement and analyze whether moral decisions could be outsourced towards them. Our main argument is that such a task is doomed to fail since AMAs are not responsible for their decisions/actions. We conclude by providing a positive agenda for the use of AI in the field of business ethics, by fleshing out how AMAs could be used as moral enablers.
THE INTERVIEW AS A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
Authors:   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, GEORGESCU Ștefan-Dominic , ANASTASIU Ionuț-Emilian ,   Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: February 2022

The paper describes the interview as an essential instrument in the social field research. Therefore, the main purpose of the interview is to obtain certain information about one or more research issues. Sociological theorists have argued that there are three fundamental types of interview: the standardized (formal or structured) interview, the un-standardized (informal or non-directive) interview, and the semi-standardized (guided-semi-structured or focused) interview. The semistandardized interview has a pronounced qualitative side, its area of use being extremely varied, in this sense including both the field of human resources - the employment interview, the performance measurement interview, etc. - as well as that of sociology, anthropology, ethnology or psychology.
TRAINING THEORY-INTERACTIVE STRATEGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors:   Ion Creangă State Pedagogical University of Chișinău, Republic of Moldova, CERCHEZ Gabriela , PETRE Dan Ionuț ,   State University of Physical Education and Sport, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova, NEDELCU Răzvan Ioan ,   State University of Physical Education and Sport, Chișinău, Republic of Moldova
Published: February 2022

In this paper we aim to analyse the extent to which the strategies used in online teaching influence students' learning. As a result, we wish to provide an image on the importance of how to approach teaching strategies that can influence the degree of understanding and learning of notions taught online and what are their advantages and disadvantages, given that online schooling is a completely different environment from physical school. The novelty of the paper is that it capitalizes on the strategy of learning through cooperation in online instructional and educational activities and adapting effective methods, especially in current conditions, when in today's society there is a strong evolutionary process that requires all social categories to keep up, including education. Online training is difficult to practice in the classroom. In the concrete conditions that our society makes available to the teaching process, teachers are aware of both the obvious virtues of the new approach in student education and the difficulties of its application in the classroom, especially in the online environment. The current context has shown that the digitization of the educational system involves more than adapting to a technological context. Digital pedagogy is not a simple material in pdf format presented on the screen, but a much more complex notion. Thus, we can conclude that online learning technology can play an important role in education, it can influence and generate in the future a new paradigm, as an integral part of the educational system.
Tools to support infrastructure projects in the context of the global ﬁght against COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gorodetsky D. I.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of mechanisms for supporting infrastructure projects in the context of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The research materials were normative acts, information and reference materials of ministries and departments, commercial organizations related to the implementation of state policy in the ﬁeld of development of infrastructure sectors of the economy and elimination of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Expert opinions, reports of rating agencies, publications in Russian and foreign publications were also used in the preparation of the article.

The following research methods were used: statistical methods, methods of formal logic, description and interpretation, interpretation of normative acts. The study is based on the characteristics and analysis of the main points of the process of implementing state support for infrastructure projects.

The results of the study. The implementation of infrastructure projects during the economic crisis, as long-term experience (since the 30s of the last century) shows, is one of the most important ways to reduce negative consequences due to the multiplicative effect generated during the implementation of these projects.

The most vulnerable infrastructure sectors are transport, energy and social, while the municipal infrastructure suffers to a lesser extent. By the end of 2020, projects either under construction or commissioned, but signiﬁcantly dependent on consumer demand, suffered the most.

The Russian Federation was among the few countries where signiﬁcant state support for the implementation of infrastructure projects was carried out in the context of the pandemic. At the same time, a fairly wide and ﬂexible toolkit was used: the provision of preferential targeted budget loans, the restructuring of previously issued budget loans on preferential terms, the ﬁnancing of projects at the expense of the proceeds from the placement of infrastructure bonds with state support.

Discussion and conclusion. It should be noted that there is a certain sectoral limitation of support measures: for the most part, support measures are implemented in such areas as housing and communal services and transport infrastructure, partly in the fuel and energy sector.

The regulatory provision of state support measures does not differ in consistency. In the guidance documents, it is impossible to single out projects developed directly during the pandemic with a certain accuracy. In addition, given the need for a prompt response to events related to the negative impact of the pandemic on infrastructure development, the absence of clearly deﬁned deadlines for the implementation of certain guidelines in regulatory documents is questionable.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Formulasi Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia)
Authors: Andika Bayu Tri , Rahmawati Dewi , Kuncoro Hadi
Published: February 2022

Citrus aurantifolia leaves have several pharmacological properties such as antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The main objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and obtain the best gel formula from the lime leaves ethanolic extracts.  Five different concentrations of  Citrus aurantifolia leaves extract namely FI, FII, FIII, FIV, and FV were tested for its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Furthermore,  the lime leaves extract gel were formulated using carbopol 940. The gels were then evaluated for various parameters including organoleptic,  homogeneity, pH, spreadability and viscosity to select best formulation. The extraction process was conducted using maceration method. The results of the DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that lime leaves extract with concentration 60,84 ppm has the preeminent IC50 value.  The preparation of lime leaf ethanol extract gel obtained was clear white, clear green, green, brownish green, dark green, homogeneous, and had a characteristic smell of lime leaf. Evaluation of dispersion of 5-5.4 cm, pH of 5.1-5.8, and viscosity of 4.44-6.39 Pa.s.  From the evaluation results, it can be concluded that formula 2 is the best formula.
Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Propolis Lebah Kelulut (Heterotrigona itama)
Authors: Yusuf Debby Putri Mutiara , Kawareng Andi Tenri , Indriyanti Niken
Published: February 2022

Kelulut bee propolis (Heterotrigona itama) is one of the products produced by bees in the form of sap as a protective bee hive from predators and is commonly used by the community for treatment. This species also produces propolis more than stinging bees, but its potential has not been explored much. Purpose of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of kelulut bee propolis from Kutai Kartanegara. Propolis was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent and evaporated and then carried out phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil), ethanol extract of propolis was made in concentrations of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm. The yield value of the propolis ethanol extract was 36% and the phytochemical test showed the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid and phenolic compounds and the IC50 value of the propolis extract was 282.92 ppm. This indicates that kelulut bee propolis containing these secondary metabolites has weak antioxidant activity.
Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Secara Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif Pada Pasien Bedah Digestif di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Sihite Enjelina Natasya , Ramadhan Adam M. , Samsul Erwin
Published: February 2022

Antibiotics are drugs that are the most widely prescribed to treat bacterial infections. Prescription of high and not wise antibiotics has a detrimental impact: increasing antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to determine patient characteristics, quantity, and quality of antibiotic use in digestive surgery patients at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda from January-December 2020. This study is a retrospective observational study with data collection techniques using the purposive sampling method. The results obtained 75 medical records, with the majority of the adults (26-45 years old) were 35 patients (48%), men were 45 patients (60%), length of stay 4-5 days were 30 patients (40%), private workers were 23 patients (30.7%), and type of disease appendicitis were 27 patients (36%). The most used antibiotic is ceftriaxone, which is 64.41 DDD/100 patient days, and antibiotics included in segment 90% were ceftriaxone and metronidazole. The quality of antibiotic use was 54.91% included in category 0 including ceftriaxone, metronidazole, cefpirom, and levofloxacin, category IIIB as 35.26% including ceftriaxone, metronidazole, cefpirom, and cefixime, category IIIA as 4.05% including ceftriaxone and metronidazole, the IVC category as 4.62% including ceftriaxone and cefixime, and IVA as 1.16% including metronidazole.
Optimasi Basis Formulasi Sediaan Handsanitizer Gel Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam (Piper betle var nigra) Sebagai Antibakteri
Authors: Alfiany Felina , Putri Novita Eka Kartab , Prasetya Fajar
Published: February 2022

Black betel leaf (Piper betle var. nigra) is one of the plants that has the potential as an antibacterial. This research is a laboratory experiment and aims to determine the optimum concentration of hand sanitizer gel base which will then be used in the formulation of hand sanitizer gel preparations with the active ingredient of black betel leaf. Optimization was carried out for 7 days by looking at the physical properties of the gel preparation, namely organoleptic, homogeneity, pH test, viscosity, and spreadability test. Handsanitizer gel was made in three formulas with three different concentrations of Carbopol 940, namely A, B, and C. The results obtained in the evaluation of the organoleptic test were observed in clear color, semisolid dosage form and smelled of Carbopol 940. Homogeneity test was indicated by the absence of granules. rough on the preparation. The pH test is the pH of the gel preparation which is stable at pH 7. The dispersion test of 5-7 cm shows a semisolid consistency which is very comfortable to use. The viscosity test showed that the gel viscosity was in the range of 1,206 cps - 1,820 cps. The results of the evaluation of the optimum hand sanitizer gel base are obtained if it has good physical quality and meets the criteria for gel preparation. Based on the evaluation results on the optimization of the hand sanitizer gel base, it was obtained that the Carbopol 940 gel base with a concentration of A had met the criteria for making gel preparations.