bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prožitek a reflexe stáří ve vybraných prózách Bohumila Hrabala ze 70. let
Authors: Komberec Filip
Published: March 2020

Experience and reflection of old age in selected Bohumil Hrabal’s novels from the 70sThis study contains an interpretation of two novels written by Bohumil Hrabal, Too Loud a Solitude and Harlequin’s Millions, focusing on the poetic rendition of old age on the background of a certain idea about human life as well as an experience and reflection of old age in the consciousness of main characters. In these novels there are two concepts of the run of human life: in Too Loud a Solitude it is a dynamic and dialectical opposition of youth and old age characterizing individual human life, but also the dynamics of historical development; in Harlequin’s Millions we can find the traditional concept of human life as a circle analogous to the seasons and months of the year. Haňťa, the character of Too Loud a Solitude, is living either through his memories, or through his work, by which he is being ritually placed beyond the framework of time. Marie, the protagonist of Harlequin’s Millions, also lives in her memories, and though she emphatically and with interest perceives her surroundings and day to day events in a retirement home, she does not live in the real spacetime, because her imagination transforms her reality so much, so that it becomes an intricately constructed and strongly surrealistic fiction.Prežitok a reflexie staroby vo vybraných prózach Bohumila Hrabala zo 70. rokovV tejto štúdii interpretujem dve Hrabalovej prózy, Príliš hlučnú samotu a Harlekýnovy milióny, so zameraním na poetické stvárnenie staroby na pozadí určitej predstavy o ľudskom živote a na prežitok a reflexiu staroby hlavnými postavami oboch diel. V oboch prózach sú dve predstavy vývoje ľudského života: v Príliš hlučné samote je to dynamická a dialektická opozícia protikladov mladosti a staroby charakterizujúca individuálny ľudský život, ale aj dynamiku dejinného vývoja; v Harlekýnových miliónoch je to tradičná predstava ľudského života podobajúceho sa kruhu mesiacov a ročných období. Haňťa, hrdina Príliš hlučnej samoty, žije buď v spomienkach, alebo svojou prácou, ktorou sa rituálne uvádza do situácie mimo čas. Marie, protagonistka Harlekýnových miliónov, žije tiež spomienkami, a hoci živo a so záujmom vníma svoje okolie a dianie v domove dôchodcov, nežije v reálnych časopriestorových súradniciach, pretože skutočnosť, ktorú vníma, presycuje natoľko svojou imagináciou, že sa jej realita stáva zložito konštruovanou a výrazne kontrarealistickou fikciou.
Восприятие старости и изображение персонажа-старика из XVIII века в русской литературе
Authors: Dziuba Jelena
Published: March 2020

Reception of old age in the image of the character  of the 18th centuryThe article analyzes the image of the character, whose formation has been associated with the value systems of the 18th century in Russia. Such a character has a structural characteristic of the archetype of the wise old man, the organizer of the world. It considers the transformation of the image at various stages of the literary process, typology identifies similar characteristics in the images of Starodum from the play of Fovizin “Nedorosl” and the old duke Nikolay Bokonsky: vigorous old age, the desire to live by the rules, harmonization of the life of the in-house space, appeal to the rational basis of life. The article identifies and analyzes the direction of values of young characters associated with the respect to old age images of old age in Pushkin’s novel “Kapitanskayia Dotchka” . The author’s attitude to the model of world, created by the heroes of old age, and the possibility of its continued existence — a phenomenon of chronocide, cyclic development of history, the hero leaving this life as an opportunity for the emergence of a new generation and preservation of traditions are assessed.Recepcja starości i wizerunek postaci literackiej osiemnastowiecznego starego człowieka w literaturze rosyjskiejW artykule ukazane zostały typologiczne analogie między postaciami starców, występującymi w utworach Fonwizina, Puszkina i Tołstoja. Autorka analizuje wizerunek tych postaci, których obraz związany jest z systemem wartości osiemnastowiecznej Rosji. Bohaterowie ci mają archetypowe cechy mądrego starca, „organizatora” ładu świata. Autorka artykułu wskazuje podobieństwa w wizerunkach Staroduma z komedii Fonwizina i starego księcia Nikołaja Bołkońskiego z powieści Tołstoja. Obie postaci łączą: energia życiowa, przyjęta hierarchia wartości, dążenie do zachowania harmonii w przestrzeni domu, odwoływanie się do racjonalnej podstawy życia. Przeanalizowany został także system wartości tych młodych bohaterów, którym bliski jest kult starości Griniow z powieści Puszkina Капитанская дочка. Autorka przedstawia swoje refleksje w kontekście takich zagadnień, jak: zjawisko upływu czasu, cykliczność w rozwoju historii, pojawienie się nowej generacji, zachowanie tradycji.
Smrt voli poeziju a ne voli starost? O tipologiji junaka u češkom krimiću u razdoblju njegove „renesanse”
Authors: Ivačić Matija
Published: March 2020

Death loves poetry but not old age? On hero typology in the Czech crime novel in its “renaissance” periodIn the article the author analyses the typology of the central character in the Czech crime novel in its “renaissance” period 1958–1969, taking into account main tendencies of the production of the said period socialist crime novel and leaning towards the Western tradition of crime fiction, which had great influence on the appearance and character of the leading protagonist. Taking into account those tendencies, the author discusses the frequency of the worldly known “Poirot” type of the “great detective”, a wise and an experienced old man who sees crime as a logical puzzle, and tries to prove how the production of the period was marked by the reduction of the typological image of the main hero.Smrt má ráda poezii a nemá ráda stáří? O typologii hrdinů včeské detektivce vobdobí její obrodyV článku se analyzuje typologie ústředních postav v české detektivce 1958–1969 se zřetelem k dvěma hlavním tendencím v dobové produkci socialistická detektivka a vliv západní tradice. Na základě vybraných děl se autor snaží odpovědět na otázku, do jaké míry se v dobové detektivní próze prosadil tzv. poirotovský typ „velkého detektiva“, moudrého a zkušeného starce, který se zločinem zabývá jako logickou hrou, ale také i proč lze mluvit o určité redukci typologie hlavních postav.
Andreasa Bana ucieczka ze świata „Belladonna” Dašy Drndić i „O starzeniu się” Jeana Améry’ego
Authors: Giergiel Sabina
Published: March 2020

Andreas Ban’s escape from the world. Daša Drndić’s Belladonna and Jean Améry’s On Aging The paper analyses the final phase in the life of of Daša Drndić’s Belladonna’s protagonist. In the last years of his existence, Andreas Ban’s consciousness is dominated by the thoughts about illness and the nearing retirement. Commonly, both these phenomena mark the threshold of an old age. When it comes to this particular character, they amplify the sensation of solitude initially stemming from the keen sense of criticism that Ban displays as well as impotence connected to the disagreement with the existence of asenile and poor life of an aged man to which Ban is doomed. Drndić uses her novel’s protagonist to accuse both the Croatian state and the contemporary civilization of fetishizing youth and beauty, which, in turn, sentences the Other to “non-existence” in Drndić’s prose, the Other is always anonconformist who, additionally in her latest novel, is in advanced age.Beg sa sveta Andreasa Bana. Belladonna Daše Drndić i O starenju Žana AmeriU tekstu se analiziraju poslednje godine života Andreasa Bana – glavnog lika romana Bel­ladonna D. Drndić. Pred kraj života Ban je obuzet mislima obolesti ipenziji koja ga čeka. Mnogi misle da su ove dve pojave obeležje starosti. Kod Bana one stvaraju osećaj otuđenosti/usamljeno­sti, koji proizilazi iz izrazite kritičnosti, karakterične za ovaj lik, inemoći, učijoj je osnovi pobu­namrzovoljnog isiromašnog starcaprotiv života, na koji je prinuđen. Kroz sudbinu svog junaka Daša Drndić optužuje hrvatsko društvo, kao isavremenu civilizacijiu koja, idealizujući mladost ilepotu istovremeno osuđuje na nepostojanje „Drugo” „Drugi” upoetici ove spisateljice označava nonkonformistu, koji je uovom slučaju vremešan.
Niegrzeczność jako sposób na realizację intencji komunikacyjnej nadawcy na przykładzie języka rosyjskiego
Authors: Pytel-Pandey Danuta
Published: March 2020

Impoliteness, as a way to implement the intentions of the sender’s communication in the Russian languageThe author deals with impoliteness in this article. He describes the reasons of this phenom- enon in the society and calls various types of impoliteness. There are:1. unintentional impoliteness2. intentional impoliteness, which are the sources of diﬀerent communication intentions of the speaker.These intentions are:— insulting the interlocutor,— achieving its own purpose and advantage,— protecting the interlocutor in an extremely diﬃcult situation for him.The following examples show that the Russian language has a wide range of possibilities for the realisation of impoliteness in the communication.Невежливость как способ реализации коммуникативной интенции говорящего на примере русского языкаВ статье автор исследует проблему невежливости в языковой коммуникации. Он рас- сматривает причины этого явления  в  обществе  и  называет разные  типы невежливости.  К ним принадлежат:1. непреднамеренная невежливость,2. целенаправленная невежливость, причиной которой являются разные коммуника- тивные намерения говорящего:— обидеть собеседника,— достичь своей цели, пользы,— спасти собеседника в экстремально опасной для него ситуации.Использованные примеры показывают, что русский язык имеет широкий диапазон возможностей реализации коммуникативной невежливости.
Gwara warszawska jako medium w procesie zapożyczania z języka rosyjskiego do polszczyzny
Authors: Juszczak Bartosz
Published: March 2020

Warsaw urban dialect as the medium in the process of borrowing the words of Russian origin into Polish languageThis article shows Warsaw urban dialect as the medium in the process of borrowing the words of Russian origin into Polish language. The research materials collected by author were filtered through chosen parameters of various linguistic status. The final list of rossica 40 lexical items includes several thematic-semantic dominants and adverbs and adverbial expressions. They undergo systemic polonization and fulfill various pragmatic functions.Varšavská městská mluva jako médium v procesu přejímání slov ruského původu do polštinyČlánek se zabývá varšavskou městskou mluvou jako médiem v procesu přejímání slov ruského původu do polštiny. Shromážděný materiál byl profiltrován pomocí vybraných parametrů s různým lingvistickým statusem. Konečný seznam rusismů 40 lexikálních jednotek zahrnuje několik te­maticko-sémantických dominant, ataké příslovce aadverbiální fráze, které se systémově asimilují a také jsou nositeli různých pragmatických funkcí.
Jednostka leksykalna барем i jej polskie odpowiedniki — próba analizy semantycznej i składniowej na podstawie przekładów prozy macedońskiej na język polski i polskiej na język macedoński
Authors: Błaszak Magdalena
Published: March 2020

Lexical unit барем — semantic and syntactic analysisThis study aims to show what semantic and syntactic features has alexical unit барем in the contemporary Macedonian language. On the basis of confrontation of meaning and scope of the use of the tested particles in Polish and Macedonian, the author points to the similarities and differences in both languages. The results of the analysis show that Polish has richer lexical inventory. They show the versatility of particle барем in Macedonian and also prove that барем is one-segment lexi­cal unit, which is used as aparticle in the sentences and has no homonyms in Macedonian.Барем — семантичка и ситаксичка анализаОвaа статија има за цел да го покаже какви карактеристични функции — семантички и синтаксички има зборот барем во современиот македонски јазик. Врз основа на конфрон­тација на значењето и опсегот на употребата на испитуваната честичка во полски имаке­донски јазик, авторката ги укажува сличностите и разликите во двата јазика. Резултатите од анализата покажуваат побогат инвентар во полската лексика и, исто така, флексибилност на честичката барем во македонскиот јазик и докажуваат дека барем е еден сегмент лексички единици, кои служат во реченицата само како честичка, нема хомоними во македонски јазик.
Hornická tematika v poezii Wilhelma Przeczka
Authors: Martinek Libor
Published: March 2020

Mining theme in the poetry of Wilhelm PrzeczekThe author in his article deals with the mining theme in the poetry of Polish poet of the Czech Cieszyn Silesia Wilhelm Przeczek 1936–2006. The fact that the Przeczek was born in a mining colony in Karvina, that his ancestors and siblings in the male tribe took up this profession, left his indelible mark on poetry. This is not just about mining theme, but also a symbol of local identity, such as a pit, heap, but also house and home.Tematyka górnicza w poezji Wilhelma PrzeczkaArtykuł poświęcony jest tematyce górniczej w  poezji Wilhelma Przeczka 1936–2006 — polskiego poety pochodzącego z  czeskiego Śląska Cieszyńskiego. Fakt, że Przeczek urodził się w kolonii górniczej w Karwinie, a jego przodkowie i krewni płci męskiej pracowali jako górnicy, pozostawił w  jego twórczości trwały ślad. Nie chodzi tu tylko o tematykę górniczą, lecz także o  symbole tożsamości lokalnej, takie jak „hałda”, „wał”, ale też „dom” i „ojczyzna”.
Три смерти Андрея Болконского Война и мир Льва Толстого в мифо-ритуальном контексте
Authors: Poltavec Elena
Published: March 2020

Three deaths of Andrey BolkonskyWar and Peace by Leo Tolstoy in the context of myth and ritualThe article deals with Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace and the character of Andrey Bolkonsky explored in the background of self-sacrifice, potlatch and other rituals and in the aspect of certain archaic peace-making rituals walking along the boundary-strip. Bolkonsky’s death may be regarded as the great religious feat.Три смертi Андрiя БолконськогоВiйна i мир Льва Толстого у контексті міфу і ритуалуСтаття присвячена Вiйнi i миру Льва Толстого, Андрiю Болконському, чия постать до-слiджується на тлi ритуалiв самопожертви, потлача та iнших i в аспектi архаїчного миро­творчого ритуалу обмiжкове ходiння. Смерть Болконського може трактоватися як визнач­ний релiгiйний подвиг.
Motyw śmierci w intymistyce Iwana Bunina
Authors: Bielniak Nel
Published: March 2020

Death motifs in egodocuments by Ivan BuninDeath is one of the most crucial subjects not only in Bunin’s literary works but also in his egodocuments. The writer’s perspective on the world was mainly concentrated around death, illness, passing, loneliness and old age.Through such a prism he perceived himself, his loved ones and the surrounding world, what was reflected in the writer’s diaries and letters. In spite of Bunin’s fear of death, in his considerations on fate he put fatalistic and affirmative motifs together.Мотив смерти в эго-документах Ивана БунинаСмерть является одной из важнейших тем не только в творчестве Ивана Бунина, но также в его эго-документах. Мировоззрение писателя в большой степени было сосредоточено на проблемах смерти, болезни, бренности, одиночества и старости. Сквозь их призму он воспринимал как себя и своих близких, так и весь окружающий мир, что нашло свое проявление в дневниках и письмах. Несмотря на сопутствующий писателю всю жизнь страх смерти, в своих размышлениях о человеческой судьбе он соединял мотивы фатализма и жизнеутверждения.
Человеческое бессмертие в романе Евгения Водолазкина „Авиатор”
Authors: Camagni Filippo
Published: March 2020

Human immortality in Eugene Vodolazkin’s novel The AviatorThe purpose of the article is to identify and analyze in Eugene Vodolazkin’s newest novel The Aviator 2016 the so-called “life strategies”, leading fictional characters to their personal immor­tality. Zygmunt Bauman defines the concept of “life strategy” as anatural, almost instinctive effort to push away death and extend our own existence throughout time and space. In fact The Aviator’s main character, Innokentii Petrovich Platonov, in the attempt to restore his memory after decades of cryogenic storage, struggles with the possibility to record and set down in some permanent form the details of his life, as well as his individual existence, for the next generation to come. In Vo­dolazkin’s novel the research of immortality deals as well with the problem of memory, oblivion, and human frailty.Nieśmiertelność człowieka w powieści Jewgienija Wodołazkina AwiatorCelem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie i poddanie analizie tak zwanych strategii życiowych w najnowszej powieści Jewgienija Wodołazkina Awiator 2016, które prowadzą jej bohaterów ku osobistej nieśmiertelności. Zygmunt Bauman definiuje koncepcję strategii życiowej jako na­turalną, prawie odruchową próbę człowieka odsunięcia śmierć i przedłużenia własnego istnienia wczasie i przestrzeni. Główny bohater Awiatora, Innocenty Płatonow, próbując odzyskać pamięć po dziesięcioleciach przebywania wstanie kriogenicznego zamrożenia, usiłuje zapisać dla na­stępnych pokoleń szczegóły swego życia, będące świadectwem jego doświadczeń. W powieści Wodołazkina poszukiwania nieśmiertelności są powiązane z kwestią pamięci, przemijania i za­pomnienia.
Śmierć to nie kres istnienia… Oblicza śmierci w poezji masońskiej Michaiła Chieraskowa
Authors: Orłowska Alina
Published: March 2020

Death is not the end of existence… Facets of death in masonic poetry by Mikhail KheraskovThe obsessive fascination with death is ever-present in anthropological Masonic eschatolo­gy. In the poetry of Russian 18th century Masonic artist Mikhail Kheraskov, this fascination is expressed in a complex system of metaphorical images. The poetic vision enabled the initiated to confront the pains of existence. The mundane life means vanity, anguish and pain. However, self-reflection and discovery of further secrets of nature enables Masonic brothers to overcome pessimism and despair, undermining the catastrophic perspective of human fate. Смерть — не предел бытия… Облики смерти вмасонской поэзии Михаила Хераскова Увлечение вольных каменщиков смертью, навязчиво проявляющееся в антропологи­ческой орденской эсхатологии, воспроизводится в поэзии русского поэта-масона XVIII ве-ка Михаила Хераскова посредством сложной системы метафорических образов. Поэти­ческое слово позволяет посвященным осмыслять боль существования. Земная жизнь для масона — суета сует, душевные терзания и мучения. Раскрытие тайн натуры обещает пре­одоление пессимизма, уничтожает катастрофическую перспективу человеческого бытия.
Танатичні мотиви у сучасній українській прозі для дітей та юнацтва
Authors: Kachak Tetiana
Published: March 2020

Thanatos motifs in contemporary Ukrainian prose for children and young adultsThe author of this article argues that the theme of death in Ukrainian literature for children and young adults has been silenced or is being highlighted in a specific way. Thanatos discourse in this type of writing is not apparent but is portrayed through an array of motifs, microforms, loci, details, and markers. Ukrainian authors represent the psychological experience of their characters’ suffering caused by the death of their beloved ones, a metaphorical understanding of the transition of an individual from one world to another. Moreover, realistic prose for children and young adults includes thoughts about death and suicide attempts, while speculative prose depicts death as the destruction of evil, as the border between the worlds with the possibility of reincarnation of souls.  Танатологические мотивы в современной украинской прозе для детей и юношестваТема смерти в украинской литературе для детей и юношества не была предметом частого изображения. Танатологический дискурс в этом сегменте литературы не является ключевым, но реализуется посредством танатологических мотивов, микрообразов, локу­сов, деталей, маркеров. В реалистической прозе для детей и юношества писатели представ­ляют психологические переживания героя, связанные со смертью близкого человека, мета­форическое понимание перехода человека из одного мира в другой, размышления о смерти и попытке самоубийства; в фантастической — показывают смерть как уничтожение зла, как границу между мирами; возможность перевоплощения, реинкарнации душ и др.
Traktat ars moriendi w literaturze ukraińskiego baroku na przykładzie dzieła Катихисїс албо наука христїанская Innocentego Winnickiego
Authors: Pilipowicz Denys
Published: March 2020

The ars moriendi treatise in Ukrainian baroque literature: The example of Innocenty Winnicki’s Catechism, or the Knowledge of Christianity The author of this article focuses on bishop Innoceny Winnicki’s Catechism, or the Knowledge of Christianity and its relationship to European ars moriendi texts. The art of dying gave sick and elderly people practical tips on how to prepare for death and how to achieve salvation. The author shows the reception of Latin Catholic literature patterns in the literature of the Ukrainian baroque period and the cultural characteristics of the Polish-Ukrainian cultural border, where the influence of the East and the West overlapped.  Трактат арс морієнді в літературі українського бароко на прикладі Катихисїс албо наука христїанская Інокентія ВинницькогоПрезентована стаття присвячена характеристиці твору перемиського єпископа Інокентія Винницького на фоні жанрових зразків присутніх у західноєвропейській літературі. Суттю мистецтва вмирання було передати людям хворим та старшим, які наближаються до кінця свого життя практичні поради як готуватися на смерть та отримати спасіння. Проведений аналіз дав змогу показати рецепцію латинських, католицьких літературних зразків в українській літературі аналізованого періоду та показати культурну своєрідність польсько-українського пограниччя, де сплітаються впливи Сходу й Заходу.
O kształcie osiemnastowiecznej literackiej polszczyzny cieszyńskiej na podstawie "Kazań pokutnych" Samuela Ludwika Zasadiusa
Authors: Raclavská Jana
Published: March 2020

18th-century Cieszyn Silesian literary Polish language in the work "Kazania pokutne" by Samuel Ludwik ZasadiusThe language analysis of the work by S. L. Zasadius titled Kazania pokutne demonstrates the presence of regional features, especially at phonological, inflectional and syntactic level. At the morphological level there appears a great number of archaic elements coming mainly from the archaic period of the Polish language. The analysis of the work broadens the knowledge on the topic of regional variation of Cieszyn Polish language during the 18th century.O podobě literární varianty těšínské polštiny na základě díla "Kazania Pokutne" od Samuela Ludvíka ZasadiaAnalýza díla Kazania Pokutne od S. L. Zasadia je prezentací zvláštností a odlišností polštiny, která byla používána v církevní oblasti Těšínského Slezska v 18. století, od polštiny v centrální části polského území. Autorka poukazuje na jevy povahy fonologické, morfologické, syntaktické a lexikální a snaží se o vysvětlení jejich existence na periferních územích polského jazykového areálu. Zjištěná fakta jsou dalším přispěním k výzkumu regionální varianty polštiny na Těšínsku v 18. století.
Диалектное слово: новые направления в его исследовании
Authors: Vendina Tatiana
Published: March 2020

Статья посвящена истории лингвогеографического изучения диалектной лексики. Автор доказывает, что развитие диалектологии как науки привело к необходимости создания лексических атласов нового типа, каким является Лексический атлас русских народных говоров. В статье подробно описываются инновации этого атласа, дается оценка лежащего в его основе системного подхода. Dialective word: New directions in its researchThe paper deals with the history of linguistic geography research of the Russian dialect lexicon. The author proves that the progress of dialectology as a science has lead to the need of a new type of lexical atlases. The Lexical Atlas of the Russian Dialects is an atlas of this kind. The paper gives a detailed description of its innovations and an assessment of the systemic approach it is based on.
Двојната определеност во македонскиот јазик
Authors: Pančevska Angelina
Published: March 2020

Double definiteness in MacedonianThe subject of interest is the so-called double definiteness in the Macedonian language. These are cases where the noun phrase, besides the article, which is a marker of definiteness, is complemented with a demonstrative pronoun in a preposition. This phenomenon is not new in the Macedonian language but occurs more commonly especially in the spoken standard. The author attempts to understand the origin of this phenomenon as well as its distribution in the modern language. The conclusion is that a new type of article may be created, an analytical one.  Podwójna określoność w języku macedońskimPrzedmiotem analizy jest tak zwana podwójna określoność w języku macedońskim. Są to przypadki, w których nominalna fraza, oprócz morfemu rodzajnikowego, będącego wykładnikiem określoności, jest uzupełniona zaimkiem wskazującym w prepozycji. Zjawisko to nie jest nowe w języku macedońskim, ostatnio spotyka się je częściej, zwłaszcza w standardzie mówionym. Autor tekstu stara się wyjaśnić pochodzenie tego zjawiska, a także jego dystrybucję we współczesnym języku macedońskim. Analiza materiału prowadzi do wniosku, że być może powstaje nowy typ rodzajnika analitycznego.
Мотивацијата за називите за ‘ПОЛНОГЛАВЕЦ’ во македонските дијалекти врз македонскиот материјал од ОЛА
Authors: Milenkovska Sonja
Published: March 2020

Motivation for expressions of ʻtadpoleʼ ʻpolnoglavecʼ in Macedonian dialects based on the material from the General Slavic Linguistic AtlasThis paper analyses the question from the lexical volume I of the General Slavic Linguistic Atlas OLA in the field of the animal world. It is concerned with the expressions for the ʻtadpoleʼ ʻpolnoglavecʼ in Macedonian in the Slavic dialects covered by question L 87 ʻgolovastik, to, čto razvivaetsâ iz ikry lâguški, žabyʼ according to the questionnaire of OLA. The aim of the analysis is to explain the motivation for the expressions of ʻtadpoleʼ in Macedonian dialects which are based on the material from OLA.  Motywacja nazw „kijanki” polnoglavec w dialektach macedońskich na materiale macedońskim w OLAW artykule analizowane jest pytanie z leksykalnego tomu Pierwszego Ogólnosłowiańskiego Atlasu Językowego OLA w dziedzinie świat zwierzęcy. Chodzi o nazwy „kijanki” polnoglavec w języku macedońskim w dialektach słowiańskich objętych pytaniem L 87 z kwestionariuszem OLA „головастик, то, что развивается из икры лягушки, жабы”. Celem analizy jest motywacja nazw „kijanki” w dialektach macedońskich na podstawie materiału OLA.
Некоторые особенности перевода мультипликационного фильма Маша и медведь на польский язык
Authors: Didenko Natalya
Published: March 2020

Some properties of the Polish translation of the animated film Masha and the BearThe paper touches upon the issue of the translation into Polish of the animated film Masha and the Bear. As an audiovisual entity, the animations are characterised by polysemiotics. Therefore, four channels of information transfer were analysed: the verbal-acoustic channel, the verbal-visual channel, the acoustic-non-verbal channel and the visual-non-verbal channel. As a result of the study, it was shown that the animated film Masha and the Bear — as regards the visual-non-verbal and acoustic-non-verbal channels, can be characterised as highly reflecting the Russian culture. What was also observed was the transformation of the verbal-visual channel which — in translation — changes into the verbal-acoustic channel. This transformation resulted in the information excess noticed in translation. The verbal-acoustic channel is characterised, on the one hand, by the neutralisation of intertextual and Soviet elements and, on the other hand, by a low level of the naturalisation of the Polish translation.  Niektóre cechy przekładu filmu animowanego Masza i Niedźwiedź na język polskiArtykuł poświęcony jest tłumaczeniu filmu animowanego Masza i Niedźwiedź na język polski. Animacja, jako twór audiowizualny, charakteryzuje się polisemiotycznością. W związku z tym zostały zbadane cztery kanały przekazu informacji: werbalno-akustyczny, werbalno-wizualny, akustyczno-niewerbalny i wizualno-niewerbalny. Przeprowadzone badanie wykazało, że animacja Masza i Niedźwiedź na płaszczyźnie wizulano-niewerbalnej oraz akustyczno-niewerbalnej w wysokim stopniu cechuje się przynależnością do rosyjskiej kultury. Zaobserwowano transformację kanału werbalno-wizualnego, który w przekładzie zmienia się w kanał werbalno-akustyczny. To przekształcenie skutkowało nadmiarem informacji w tłumaczeniu. Kanał werbalno-akustyczny charakteryzuje się, z jednej strony, neutralizacją elementów intertekstualnych i radzieckich, z drugiej — małym stopniem naturalizacji przekładu, czyli spolszczenia.
O dwóch podejściach do badań dialektów miejskich w Polsce i Czechach
Authors: Juszczak Bartosz
Published: March 2020

Two tendencies in researching urban dialects in Poland and the Czech RepublicThis article presents a study in urban dialects of Polish and Czech researchers. The author introduces the history and structural features of Polish and Czech urban dialects, shows differences between them in theoretical, structural and typological aspects. The main differences in the structure are caused by the various differentiation of both languages. The author comes to the conclusion that Czech urban dialects consist of many variants of the national language and are positioned high culturally and socially. Polish urban dialects that appeared in a community of low social status reveal differences in lexicon and phonetics. Nowadays, the urban dialects of both languages function as advertising and an element of folklore and are proof of citizens’ physical association with their cities and show their mentality and cultural characteristics.  Два подхода в изучении городских диалектов в Польше и ЧехииСтатья посвящена проблематике изучения городских диалектов польскими и чешскими учеными. Рассматривается история и структурная характеристика польских и чешских городских диалектов. В работе представлены различия языка города в Польше и Чехии в теоретическом, структурном и типологическом планах. Основные несоответствия в структурах городских диалектов объяснены разницами в дифференциации национального языка как польского, так и чешского. Изученные исследования показали, что чешские городские диалекты представляют собой смесь разных вариантов национального языка, а их культурносоциальный статус является достаточно высоким. Польские городские диалекты, возникшие среди носителей с низким социальным статусом, отличаются друд от друга, в них имеются различия на лексическом и фонетическом уровях. В настоящее время городские диалекты обоих языков выполняют фольклорно-рекламную функцию и свидетельствуют о связи горожан со своим городом, их менталитете и культурных особенностях.
Martingale approach for tail asymptotic problems in the gener­alized Jackson network
Authors: Miyazawa Masakiyo
Published: March 2020

MARTINGALE APPROACH FOR TAIL ASYMPTOTIC PROBLEMS IN THE GENERALIZED JACKSON NETWORKWe study the tail asymptotic of the stationary joint queue length distribution for a generalized Jackson network GJN for short, assumingits stability. For the two-station case, this problem has recently been solved in the logarithmic sense for the marginal stationary distributions under the setting that arrival processes and service times are of phase-type. In this paper, we study similar tail asymptotic problems on the stationary distribution, but problems and assumptions are different. First, the asymptotics are studied not only for the marginal distribution but also the stationary probabilities of state sets of small volumes. Second, the interarrival and service times are generally distributed and light tailed, but of phase-type in some cases. Third, we also study the case that there are more than two stations, although the asymptotic results are less complete. For them, we develop a martingale method, which has been recently applied to a single queue with many servers by the author.
A note on first passage probabilities of a Lévy process reflected at a general barrier
Authors: Palmowski Zbigniew , Świątek Przemysław
Published: March 2020

A NOTE ON FIRST PASSAGE PROBABILITIES OF A LÉVY PROCESS REFLECTED AT A GENERAL BARRIERIn this paper we analyze a Lévy process reflected at a general possibly random barrier. For this process we prove the Central Limit Theorem for the first passage time. We also give the finite-time first passage probability asymptotics.
The area of a spectrally positive stable process stopped at zero
Authors: Letemplier Julien , Simon Thomas
Published: March 2020

A multiplicative identity in law for the area of a spectrally positive Lévy ∝-stable process stopped at zero is established. Extending that of Lefebvre for Brownian motion, it involves an inverse beta random variable and the square of a positive stable random variable. This simple identity makes it possible to study precisely the behaviour of the density at zero, which is Fréchet-like.
Bellman equations for terminal utility maximization with general bid and ask prices
Authors: Rogala Tomasz , Stettner Łukasz
Published: March 2020

In the paper we solve a system of Bellman equations for finite horizon continuous time terminal utility maximization problem with general càdlàg bid and ask prices. We assume that we have a restricted number of transactions at time moments we choose. The main result of the paper says that we can find a regular version of solutions to the system of Bellman equations, which enables us to find the form of nearly optimal strategies.
Boundary value problems for the Dunkl Laplacian
Authors: Ben Chrouda Mohamed , El Mabrouk Khalifa , Hassine Kods
Published: March 2020

Let Δk be the Dunkl Laplacian on ℜd associated with a reflection group W and a multiplicity function k. The purpose of this paper is to establish the existence and the uniqueness of a positive solution on the unit ball B of ℜd to the following boundary value problem:Δku = φu in B and u = ƒ on ∂BWe distinguish two cases of nonnegative perturbation φ: trivial and nontrivial.
Preservation properties of stochastic orders by transformation to Harris family
Authors: Abbasi Somayeh , Alamatsaz Mohammad Hossein
Published: March 2020

Stochastic comparisons of lifetime characteristics of reliability systems and their components are of common use in lifetime analysis. In this paper, using Harris family distributions, we compare lifetimes of two series systems with random number of components, with respect to several types of stochastic orders. Our results happen to enfold several previous findings in this connection. We shall also show that several stochastic orders and ageing characteristics, such as IHRA, DHRA, NBU, and NWU, are inherited by transformation to Harris family. Finally, some refinements are made concerning related existing results in the literature.
Stochastic complex integrals associated with homogeneous independently scattered random measures on the line
Authors: Yamamuro Kouji
Published: March 2020

Complex integrals associated with homogeneous independently scattered random measures on the line are discussed. Theorems corresponding to Cauchy’s theorem and the residue theorem are given. Furthermore, the converse of Cauchy’s theorem is discussed.
Tanaka formula for strictly stable processes
Authors: Tsukada Hiroshi
Published: March 2020

For symmetric Levy processes, if the local times exist, the Tanaka formula has already been constructed via the techniques in the potential theory by Salminen and Yor 2007. In this paper, we study the Tanaka formula for arbitrary strictly stable processes with index α ∈ 1, 2, including spectrally positive and negative cases in a framework of Ito’s stochastic calculus. Our approach to the existence of local times for such processes is different from that of Bertoin 1996.
The Conceptualisation of Argument in Writing for Academic Purposes
Authors: Antonova-Baumann Svetoslava
Published: March 2020

Despite the long-standing tradition in research on conceptual metaphor, little attention has been paid to the use of conceptual metaphor in academic writing. The present study aims to investigate how the concept of ARGUMENT is realized in two academic contexts: i L2 speakers writing in English, and ii L1 speakers writing in Swedish. Following Lakoff and Johnson 1980/2003, four related conceptual metaphors AN ARGUMENT IS A JOURNEY; AN ARGUMENT IS A BATTLE; AN ARGUMENT IS A BUILDING; AN ARGUMENT IS A CONTAINER were identified and examined in a sample of Bachelor and Master theses written in English or Swedish by native speakers of Swedish. The main questions here are i to what extent the students employed these metaphors in their conceptualization of an argument and ii whether there are any differences in the patterns of conceptual metaphor depending on the language in which the texts were produced. The results suggest that while for the most part, academic texts written in English and Swedish both employed metaphorical conceptualizations of ARGUMENT as a JOURNEY and as a BUILDING, precisely which linguistic expressions predominated differed between the two languages. The findings have implications for second-language teaching, such as the development of academic writing courses, in particular in the context of English for non-native writers and for the training of instructors for such courses.
Metaphorical Construals of Nature in Thoreau’s Writings
Authors: Suchostawska Laura
Published: March 2020

The article investigates how the concept of nature is metaphorically construed in the writings of Henry David Thoreau, one of the earliest and most influential nature writers. The analysis has been inspired by insights from cognitive linguistics and cognitive poetics, especially Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Fauconnier and Turner’s Blending Theory. Several different metaphorical construals of the concept of nature appear in Thoreau’s writings which have been examined in this study, including Walden, The Maine Woods, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, a selection from his journal, and two collections of his earlier and later natural history essays and manuscripts. One can encounter there, obviously, conventional personifications of nature, such as Mother Nature, which, however, is questioned by Thoreau, as well as the occasional construal of nature as a companion or a bride. Other conventional conceptual metaphors, which are more frequently employed by him, include the metaphorical construal of nature as a work of art or as a literary work and once, more unconventionally, as a concert. Natural entities are also construed as other kinds of products. An original metaphor, which frequently appears in Thoreau’s late manuscript on the dispersion of seeds, is the personification of nature as a forester.
English Pronunciation Standard Preferences among Students of Polish Universities — Self-reports
Authors: Buczek-Zawiła Anita
Published: March 2020

For many years now the debate as to the English pronunciation model to be selected for training both in academia and for schools in Poland has proved unresolvable. When pronunciation instruction is executed, anything that conspicuously departs from spelling pronunciation is accepted. It appears that teachers implicitly and largely unconsciously follow the idea of the somewhat impoverished instructional model of English as a Lingua Franca ELF put forward by Jenkins 2000. Until recently, no reasonable, well-argued-for alternative was available, whereas now the model suggested in Szpyra-Kozłowska 2015: Native English as Lingua Franca NELF fulfils the needs of both students in English departments as well as ordinary users of English. This paper reports on the preferences as to the desirable standard in pronunciation instruction among students in academia — but not among those of English language departments — as learners of English as a Foreign Language for whom language proficiency may be an important professional asset in their future careers. To investigate the above, a research survey of the quantitative-qualitative type was implemented in the form of a questionnaire. The focus is not so much on the numerical favourites as on the reasons behind a stated preference. The respondents seem to aspire to realistic but nonetheless high goals.
Facepoeia: The Author Becoming a Photographic Subject. The Example of Tadeusz Różewicz
Authors: Bruś Teresa
Published: March 2020

This paper reflects on the visual practices involving the circulation of portraits of authors in their publications, and in public sphere. The photographic portrait of the author interjects the belief that the presence of the author through and in the image familiarizes and intensifies its subject’s presence and declares the author’s identity. As a visual paratext, a portrait becomes an autobiographical space of self-invention and self-construction. I wish to illustrate these processes by focusing on Tadeusz Różewicz’s 1921–2014 complex ways of accessing visibility and manners of “fixing” his identity in the collaborative work he produced with the photographer Adam Hawałej under the title Rubbish Dump 2015.
German Romantic Tradition in John Ashbery’s "Where Shall I Wander"
Authors: Marcinkiewicz Paweł , Pietrek Daniel
Published: March 2020

In popular critical and readerly reception, the New York School of poetry was shaped mostly by what Marjorie Perloff calls the tradition of indeterminacy. This was started by Arthur Rimbaud and, a few decades later, developed by Dadaists and Surrealists. Therefore, the tradition of French modernism seems to have been vital for John Ashbery, Frank O’Hara, James Schuler, and Barbara Guest, and the poets themselves appeared to confirm this fact. They often visited France privately and as scholars, and lived there for extended periods of time. In the case of John Ashbery, his year-long Fulbright fellowship was prolonged to a decade. Moreover, the New York School poets contributed to the propagation of French literature, being translators, critics and editors of French authors. However, as John Ashbery’s late works prove, literary genealogies are far more complex. German Romantic tradition always exerted an important influence on John Ashbery, and it inspired the New York experimenter to contribute two major poems to the twenty-first century American literature: “Where Shall I Wander” and “Hölderlin Marginalia”.
Ist die Unterscheidung von Sprache und Zunge im Deutschen berechtigt? Einige Gedanken zu kulturgeprägten lexikalischen Unterschieden in der Interpretation der außersprachlichen Wirklichkeit
Authors: Bawej Izabela
Published: March 2020

Im Vordergrund folgender Erörterungen steht die Frage, wie sich Sprachen in semantischer Hinsicht auf kulturabhängige Art und Weise unterscheiden und ob das Deutsche Recht hat, wenn es Sprache und Zunge unterscheidet. Deswegen wird beispielhaft aufgezeigt, dass in der einen Sprache Bedeutungsabgrenzungen vorkommen, die es in einer anderen nicht gibt. Dann wird zur Sprache gebracht, in welchen Kontexten die Wörter Sprache und Zunge gebraucht werden können. Auf dieser Grundlage wird dargestellt, dass in jeder Sprache und in jeder Kultur eine ganz bestimmte Einteilung und Verfügbarmachung der Wirklichkeit zum Ausdruck kommt. Jede Kultur entwickelt sich in die Richtung, die ihr von ihren jeweiligen Umweltbedingungen vorgegeben wird. Is the distinction between Sprache and Zunge in German justified? Some information about the cultural and lexical differences in the image of extra-lingual realityThe present paper discusses the issue of culture-specific semantic differences between languages, as well as the question whether the German language has the right to differentiate between Sprache and Zunge. Using exemplary material, it is shown that semantic boundaries of one language are absent from another. Next the contexts in which the words Sprache and Zunge are used are discussed. On this basis it is explained that each language and each culture offers a specific way of classifying reality and making it available. Each culture develops in the direction which is dictated by specific environmental conditions.
Rekursion und syntaktische Komplexität im Lichte der psycho- und neurolinguistischen Forschung
Authors: Sękowska Jolanta
Published: March 2020

Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird die Frage nach der potentiellen Implementierung der rekursiven AnBn--Strukturen durch den Mechanismus der Satzverarbeitung behandelt. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die einfachste Verarbeitungsstrategie, wo die adjazenten Sequenzen von zwei Kategorien A und B aufgezählt und verglichen werden, wegen der asymmetrischen Struktur der zentral-eingebetteten syntaktischen Abhängigkeiten keine Anwendung bei der kognitiven Verarbeitung finden kann.Recursion and syntactic complexity: Psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic perspectivesThis article is devoted to the issue of the potential implementation of recursive AnBn structures by the sentence-processing mechanism. Worth noting is the fact that the simplest processing strategy, whereby categories A and B are listed and compared, cannot be applied to the cognitive processing of asymmetric structures of centrally embedded syntactic dependencies.
Zur Theorie der kognitiven Verarbeitungstiefe in Korrelation mit der lexikalischen Lernleistung beim Fremdsprachenerwerb
Authors: Liedtke Joachim
Published: March 2020

Der Rückblick auf die Entwicklung der Fremdsprachenerwerbsforschung während der letzten Dezennien belegt eine wachsende interdisziplinäre Kooperation insbesondere zwischen der Sprachdidaktik und der Lernpsychologie. Der vorliegende Text reflektiert diese Fortschritte unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Involvement-Load Hypothese von Laufer/Hulstijn 2001 inklusive daran anknüpfender Arbeiten. Nach der Diskussion der Vor- und Nachteile des Originalkonzeptes und seiner nachfolgenden Erweiterungen werden Vorschläge für mögliche Komplettierungen unterbreitet, um den komplexen Korrelationen des Fremdsprachenerwerbs und seiner theoretischen Implikationen gerecht werden zu können.On the theory of the levels of processing in correlationwith foreign language vocabulary learningThis paper briefly reviews the changes of theoretical paradigms in foreign language learning research during the last five decades. As a result of these changes, vocabulary acquisition theory has become more and more influenced by interdisciplinary cooperation, especially by psychological concepts dealing with word learning and retention. This article focuses on the involvement-load hypothesis, created by Laufer/Hulstijn 2001 and completed by other researchers during the last ten years. The advantages and disadvantages of the original concept and its later derivatives are discussed. Necessary enlargements are also suggested in order to account for the complex correlations that are involved in the process of vocabulary acquisition and its theory.
Kleists Revisor. „Der zerbrochne Krug” zwischen Friedrich II. und Adolph Menzel
Authors: Rauseo Chris
Published: March 2020

Als Adolph Menzel 1876–1877 Kleists Zerbrochnen Krug illustrierte, beschwor er die niederlän­dische Genre-Malerei des 17. Jahrhunderts bis ins Detail und auch voller Pracht. Dies spezifisch Holländische erfährt aber wider Erwarten eine spezifisch preußische Färbung dadurch, dass der nachschaffende Künstler den Geist Friedrichs des Großen zu einem kurzen aber dramatischen Auf­tritt hervorruft, um die preußische Herkunft und auch Beschaffenheit des Kleistschen Lustspiels nicht aus dem Blick zu verlieren.Kleist’s Revisor. The Zerbrochner Krug between Frederick the Great and Adolph MenzelFrederick the Great would seem to be an unlikely guest in Kleist’s comedy Der zerbrochne Krug. Why should Prussia’s most famous king appear in a play situated in a village in Holland in the 17th century, surrounded by peasants and a corrupt judge? Perhaps because Kleist was a Prussian, as was the congenial illustrator of his “Dutch” play, Adolph Menzel. And perhaps because Prussia never ceased to be present in the works of its artists, however far away they tried to be.