bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of ppy–MgO–CNT nanocomposites for multifunctional applications
Authors: Yazhini K. Bharathi , Wang Xin , Zhou Qixing , Stevy Brim Ondon
Published: November 2021

Cotton is one of the most important raw materials for textile and clothing production.
Microplasma synthesized gold nanoparticles for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic detection of methylene blue
Authors: Li Xuanhe , Lin Liangliang , Chiang Wei-Hung , Chang Kuan , Xu Hujun
Published: November 2021

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful and sensitive spectroscopic technique that allows for rapid detection of trace-level chemical species in a non-invasive and non-destructive manner.
On the environmental competitiveness of sodium-ion batteries under a full life cycle perspective – a cell-chemistry specific modelling approach
Authors: Peters Jens F. , Baumann Manuel , Binder Joachim R. , Weil Marcel
Published: November 2021

Assessing different sodium-ion against current lithium-ion battery cells shows large difference between cell chemistries and a good environmental performance for manganese and Prussian blue-based cathodes under a full life cycle perspective.
Tuning the ferrous coordination structure enables a highly reversible Fe anode for long-life all-iron flow batteries
Authors: Song Yuxi , Zhang Kaiyue , Li Xiangrong , Yan Chuanwei , Liu Qinghua , Tang Ao
Published: November 2021

By effectively tuning the ferrous coordination structure that realizes a highly reversible Fe plating/stripping reaction at the anode, the all-iron RFB delivers an averaged 100% CE for 300 charge–discharge cycles.
Dual roles of graphitic carbon nitride in the electrosynthesis of ammonia under ambient conditions
Authors: Liu Lu , Min Luofu , Zhang Wen , Wang Yuxin
Published: November 2021

g-C3N4 can play dual roles in ENRR, as the nitrogen source and electrocatalyst. The surface N in g-C3N4 can react with H to form NH3 and leaves behind the Nv. The Nv can activate N2 to form NH3 and be refilled with adsorbed N2 to make it regenerated.
Super strong, shear resistant, and highly elastic lamellar structured ceramic nanofibrous aerogels for thermal insulation
Authors: Zhang Xin , Liu Cheng , Zhang Xinxin , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: November 2021

A fantastic lamellar structured ceramic nanofibrous aerogel with mechanical robustness, superior shear resistance, high elasticity, and good fire resistance was successfully prepared by combining silica nanofibers with aluminoborosilicate matrices.
Alleviated Mn2+ dissolution drives long-term cycling stability in ultrafine Mn3O4/PPy core–shell nanodots for zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Le , Ye Fei , Wu Zeyi , Zhang Lin , Liu Qiang , Tang Zilong , Hu Linfeng
Published: November 2021

An ultrafine Mn3O4/polypyrrole core–shell cathode displays superior cycling stability for aqueous zinc-ion batteries owing to the improved electron/ion conductivity, alleviated Mn2+ dissolution and enhanced structural stability after PPy coating.
A honokiol-mediated robust coating for blood-contacting devices with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antithrombotic properties
Authors: Li Linhua , Chen Chong , Zhang Chunle , Luo Rifang , Lan Xiaorong , Guo Fan , Ma Liang , Fu Ping , Wang Yunbing
Published: November 2021

A robust and superior honokiol-mediated coating was constructed by a simple, economical and efficient method. The honokiol modified coating possess excellent and long-term anti-inflammatory, anti-infection and anti-thrombotic properties.
A lipid droplet specific fluorescent probe for image-guided photodynamic therapy under hypoxia
Authors: Zhuang Weihua , Tan Ping , Li Shufen , Li Chengming , Zhang Jiapeng , Ai Jianzhong , Yang Lu , Li Gaocan , Wei Qiang , Chen Mao , Wang Yunbing
Published: November 2021

A lipid droplet (LD) turn-on fluorescent probe CPNBD is developed for LD-targeted bioimaging and efficient photodynamic therapy under a hypoxia environment.
Accelerated tissue regeneration in decellularized vascular grafts with a patterned pore structure
Authors: Mahara Atsushi , Kojima Kentaro , Yamamoto Masami , Hirano Yoshiaki , Yamaoka Tetsuji
Published: November 2021

Tissue regeneration in decellularized vascular grafts was accelerated with a patterned pore structure.
A natural polysaccharide-based antibacterial functionalization strategy for liquid and air filtration membranes
Authors: Wu Ruonan , Song Mengkai , Sui Dandan , Duan Shun , Xu Fu-Jian
Published: November 2021

A natural polysaccharide-based strategy was developed for the facile and universal antimicrobial functionalization of filtration materials.
The effect of organic cation dynamics on the optical properties in (PEA)2(MA)[Pb2I7] perovskite dimorphs
Authors: Lekina Yulia , Dintakurti Sai S. H. , Febriansyah Benny , Bradley D. , Yan Jiaxu , Shi Xiangyan , England Jason , White Tim , Hanna John V. , Shen Ze Xiang
Published: November 2021

Optica properties of the quasi-2D perovskite are related to the significant structural disorder involving both the MA+ and PEA+ cations.
Cohosts with efficient host-to-emitter energy transfer for stable blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Ihn Soo-Ghang , Kwon Eun Suk , Jung Yongsik , Kim Jong Soo , Nam Sungho , Kim Joonghyuk , Kim Sangmo , Jeon Soon Ok , Chung Yeon Sook , Park Sangho , Huh Dal Ho , Kim Hyun Jung , Kang Hosuk , Lee Namheon , Bae Hye Jin , Choi Hyeonho
Published: November 2021

We present a high-performance blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode exhibiting a low operating voltage (4.1 V), high external quantum efficiency (23.4%, at 500 cd m−2) with a low efficiency roll-off (4.7%), and a long operation lifetime (time at which the luminance reaches 95% of its initial value, LT95 = 232 h).
Structural parametersversusthird-order optical susceptibility of zinc porphyrin molecules
Authors: Yasin Amina , Nair Vijayakumar S. , Ab Rahim Mohd Hasbi , Yamaoka Yoshihisa , Yelleswarapu Chandra S. , Jose Rajan
Published: November 2021

Third-order NLO properties of Zn porphyrins are correlated to their structures by combining experiments and DFT calculations adopting six strategies. Molecules of lesser π-electron conjugation are also shown to have higher NLO characteristics.
Identification of TGFβ signaling as a regulator of interneuron neurogenesis in a human pluripotent stem cell model
Authors: Cruz Santos Maria , Li Meng
Published: November 2021

Cortical interneurons are GABAergic inhibitory cells that connect locally in the neocortex and play a pivotal role in shaping cortical network activities. Dysfunction of these cells is believed to lead to runaway excitation underlying seizure-based diseases, such as epilepsy, autism and schizophrenia. There is a growing interest in using cortical interneurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells for understanding their complex development and for modeling neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we report the identification of a novel role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling in modulating interneuron progenitor maintenance and neuronal differentiation. TGFβ signaling inhibition suppresses terminal differentiation of interneuron progenitors, while exogenous TGFβ3 accelerates the transition of progenitors into postmitotic neurons. We provide evidence that TGFb signaling exerts this function via regulating cell cycle length of the NKX2.1+ neural progenitors. Together, the present study represents a useful platform for studying human interneuron development and interneuron-associated neurological diseases with human pluripotent stem cells.
Fault identification method for distribution network based on parameter optimized variational mode decomposition and convolutional neural network
Authors: Hou Sizu , Guo Wei
Published: November 2021

In order to extract the fault characteristics of the distribution power system automatically, a new method for fault identification based on parameter optimized variational mode decomposition (VMD) and convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. First, the VMD is used to decompose electric signals of the main transformer, including the current of the low‐voltage inlet line, bus voltage, and so on. The obtained intrinsic mode functions should be arranged in sequence from low to high according to the central frequency. The VMD can obtain the time‐frequency matrices. In order to decide the decomposition layers of the VMD adaptively, the partial mean of multi‐scale permutation entropy is used to optimize it. Then, the time‐frequency matrixes can be converted into pixel matrices by pseudo‐colour coding. The pixel matrices which are appropriately compressed can be used as input of CNN. The CNN can autonomously extract the eigenvectors of fault. Finally, the classification algorithms of support vector machine (SVM), naive Bayesian classifier (NBC), extreme learning machine (ELM), and random forest (RF) are used to train and test the feature vectors extracted by CNN to verify the effectiveness of the method. The experiments show that the proposed method has excellent stability, fast convergence speed, and high precision. The technique can effectively complete the fault identification of the distribution network.
Enhancement of dynamic wireless power transfer system by model predictive control
Authors: Alkasir Ali , Abdollahi Seyed Ehsan , Abdollahi Seyed Reza , Wheeler Patrick
Published: November 2021

Wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on a dynamic wireless charging (DWC) scheme, eliminates waiting time for charging electric vehicles (EVs), increases the range of motion, reduces the size of Li‐ion battery, and automates the charging process. In the DWC method, an EV frequently passes the charger transmitter pads at maximum speed to charge the onboard battery. The charger must have a quick and smooth transient response that employs the proper charging strategy for the battery. Here, a model predictive controller (MPC) is proposed to deploy a suitable DWC based on constant current/voltage (CC/CV) charging protocol. The designed MPC functionality is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results for both CC/CV strategies while battery state of charge (SOC) is estimated by a simple and stable technique in the primary side. The applied CC/CV MPC scheme performs properly in all conditions with a fast critically damped start‐up, which makes it a potential choice to charge EV in dynamic and static modes. The simulation results of the proposed controller are verified by implementing a 90 W WPT testbed at 85.5 kHz switching frequency and 100 mm coils’ air gap.
The pulsating nature of bubble boiling of subcooled water flow during cooling of a metal heater
Authors: A.A Levin
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the subcooled water flow boiling on the surface of a metal rod 12 mm in diameter. As a result of the rapid heat release that occurs when an electric current is pulsed through a metal heater, the latter reaches certain temperature levels above the saturation temperature of water at the corresponding pressure (p = 0.17 MPa). In a system formed by a cold liquid and a heated solid body, the process of intense heat exchange begins, the cooling rate of the metal in which reaches its maximum when the nucleate boiling is realized. Interest in such scenarios is remaining high and is caused by the need for quantitative prediction of the characteristics of nucleate boiling and the existence boundaries of this boiling mode. As well-known, nucleate boiling is limited from above by the onset of film boiling and from below by the required surface temperature for which a significant number of nucleation centers are activated. The pressure waves arising during film boiling have a significant amplitude, as a result of which special conditions of interphase interactions may occur. The results of the study showed that self-oscillating pressure pulsations may occur which is associated with the nucleate boiling in an annular channel.
Application of RQA and SOM for identification of two-phase flow patterns during boiling in horizontal minichannel
Authors: Grzybowski Hubert , Zaborowska Iwona , Mosdorf Romuald
Published: November 2021

In the paper, numerical methods of data analysis recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and self-organizing map (SOM) have been used to analyse pressure drop oscillations during the flow boiling in minichannel. The performed analysis allows us to identify flow patterns based on the character of the pressure drop oscillations. The following two-phase flow patterns have been identified: liquid flow, liquid flow with small vapour bubble, slug flow, long slug flow and confined bubble flow. In the experiment, the open-loop boiling system in a circular horizontal minichannel with an inner diameter of 1 mm was investigated. The two-phase flow patterns at the outlet of the heated section were observed through the glass tube (with an inner diameter of 1 mm) and recorded by a high-speed camera Phantom v1610.
A hybrid district heating substation with an adsorption chiller and PCM storage units: a concept and preliminary study
Authors: Szczęśniak Arkadiusz , Bujalski Wojciech , Grzebielec Andrzej , Futyma Kamil , Karwacki Jarosław , Rolka Paulina
Published: November 2021

Development of the district heating system (DHS) is needed to achieve the Renewable Energy Directive goals. To maintain the economic profitability of DHN, the increase of intensity of heat production/consumption has to be ensured. Well, a known method is a cold production using an adsorption heat pump. However, developing a system suitable for implementation in the district heating companies is very difficult. As a solution, the authors propose a composite substation equipped with the adsorption heat pump and the heat/cold storage system based on a PCM.
Numerical Study of the Effect of the Location of Baffles on the Flow and Heat Transfer of A Newtonian Fluid in A Ventilated Enclosure
Authors: Boutra Abdelkader , Kherroubi Seddik , Bourada Abderrahmane , Benkahla Youb Khaled , Labsi Nabila , Bennacer Rachid
Published: November 2021

Flow and heat transfer analysis in ventilated cavities is one of the most widely studied problems in thermo-fluids area. Two-dimensional mixed convection in a ventilated rectangular cavity with baffles is studied numerically and the fluid considered in this study is hot air (Pr = 0.71). The horizontal walls are maintained at a constant temperature, higher than that imposed on the vertical ones. Two very thin heat-conducting baffles are inserted inside the enclosure, on its horizontal walls, to control the flow of convective fluid. The governing equations are discretized using the finite volume method and the SIMPLER algorithm to treat the coupling velocity–pressure. Line by line method is used to solve iteratively the algebraic equations. The effect of the Richardson number Ri (0.01- 100) and the location of the baffles within the cavity on the isothermal lines, streamlines distributions and the average Nusselt number (Nu) has been investigated. The result shows that the location opposite the baffles, close to the fluid outlet, is the optimal choice to be considered for industrial applications.
Molecular barcoding of marine ornamental fish from the southern coast of West Java validates conventional identification
Authors: Nuryanto Agus , Kusbiyanto Kusbiyanto , Bhagawati Dian
Published: November 2021

Conventional identification of marine ornamental fish has faced difficulties due to similar color patterns of closed related species, or juvenile individuals have different color patterns from adult individuals. Molecular barcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene provides a reliable tool for unmasking such difficulties. This study aimed to barcode marine ornamental fish from the southern coast of West Java. Fragment of the COI gene was sequenced from 54 morphotypes. In this study, we determined the taxonomic status of the samples based on a 5% genetic divergence, with the parameter including sequence percent identity, genetic distance, and length of monophyletic branch in a phylogenetic tree. The result showed that most samples had a high percentage of sequence identities, low genetic distances, and short chapters in monophyletic clades, but the remaining were not. Those data indicated that most samples could be identified at species-level without doubt and support conventional identification. Barcoding success is also depending on the availability of conspecific sequences in the databases. This study concluded that molecular barcoding could strengthen and validate traditional identification.
Fish fauna of the Batetangnga River, West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Nur Muhammad , Fajriani  , Tenriware  , Simanjuntak Charles P.H. , Nasyrah Adiara Firdhita Alam , Kautsari Neri , Wahana Syainullah
Published: November 2021

Batetangnga River is one of the rivers in West Sulawesi and is well known as an ecotourism area. This preliminary study was performed to reveal fish fauna in the Batetangnga River, West Sulawesi. Ichthyofauna research was conducted in April and May 2021 at two stations in Batetangnga River, namely Rawa Bangun and Butute’neng. During the study period, a total of 14 species belonging to 9 families were identified. No endemic species were found in the study area. Native fish species such asStiphodon semoni, Butis butis, Glossogobiussp.,Glossogobius aereus,Stiphodonsp.,Giurissp,Atulesp.Ambassis miops, Ambassis interrupta, Microphissp. were recorded. Four alien fishes species were documented i.e.Aplocheilus panchax, Poecilia reticulata, Anabas testudineus, andOreochromis niloticus. Freshwater fish exploration and efforts to control alien fishes species in west Sulawesi are essential things to be done shortly.
Study of the utilization of Azolla microphylla as alternative feed by Tilapia farmers in Panjalu Ciamis, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Wiryati Ganjar
Published: November 2021

Feed is the most significant component of tilapia culture production costs. Various attempts have been made to reduce this cost with alternative feed, including A. microphylla. The research aims to encourage changes in the level of knowledge, attitudes, and skills of fish cultivators about utilization and cultivation of Azolla through the demonstration ponds (Dempond) and increase the production of tilapia by increasing the stocking density and the use of A. microphylla feed. The research was conducted from March 2nd to May 15th, 2021, in Panjalu Sub District, Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. Data were collected by purposive sampling, with observation and interview methods. The data consists of primary and secondary data. The data analysis was carried out in a descriptive qualitative manner. The results showed a change in fish cultivators' knowledge about the benefits and cultivation of A. microphylla by an average of 20.28%, a change in target attitudes by 5.1%, and skill improvement by 28%. There was an increase in tilapia yield from the initial total weight of 121.25 kg to 226.1 kg using 24 kg of A. microphylla as a feed additive for 60 days of culture.
Automated detection of cecal intubation with variable bowel preparation using a deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Low Daniel J. , Hong Zhuoqiao , Khan Rishad , Bansal Rishi , Gimpaya Nikko , Grover Samir C.
Published: November 2021

Background and study aims Colonoscopy completion reduces post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer. As a result, there have been attempts at implementing artificial intelligence to automate the detection of the appendiceal orifice (AO) for quality assurance. However, the utilization of these algorithms has not been demonstrated in suboptimal conditions, including variable bowel preparation. We present an automated computer-assisted method using a deep convolutional neural network to detect the AO irrespective of bowel preparation.

Methods A total of 13,222 images (6,663 AO and 1,322 non-AO) were extracted from 35 colonoscopy videos recorded between 2015 and 2018. The images were labelled with Boston Bowel Preparation Scale scores. A total of 11,900 images were used for training/validation and 1,322 for testing. We developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a DenseNet architecture pre-trained on ImageNet as a feature extractor on our data and trained a classifier uniquely tailored for identification of AO and non-AO images using binary cross entropy loss.

Results The deep convolutional neural network was able to correctly classify the AO and non-AO images with an accuracy of 94 %. The area under the receiver operating curve of this neural network was 0.98. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the algorithm were 0.96, 0.92, 0.92 and 0.96, respectively. AO detection was > 95 % regardless of BBPS scores, while non-AO detection improved from BBPS 1 score (83.95 %) to BBPS 3 score (98.28 %).

Conclusions A deep convolutional neural network was created demonstrating excellent discrimination between AO from non-AO images despite variable bowel preparation. This algorithm will require further testing to ascertain its effectiveness in real-time colonoscopy.
Sarkoidose im Kopf-Hals-Bereich – eine diagnostische Herausforderung am Beispiel lokaler Hautmanifestationen
Authors: Send Thorsten , Jansen Christian , Eichhorn Klaus W. , Bieber Thomas , Hornung Thorsten
Published: November 2021

Hintergrund Die Sarkoidose ist eine granulomatöse Multisystemerkrankung unklarer Ätiologie und stellt durch ihre relative Seltenheit sowie ihr heterogenes Krankheitsbild eine klinisch diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wir gehen der Frage nach, ob bei oberflächlich sichtbaren Läsionen der Haut die Differenzialdiagnose einer Sarkoidose in Betracht gezogen wird und welche systemischen Manifestationen vorliegen.

Material und Methoden Im Rahmen unserer explorativen retrospektiven Untersuchung wurden in einem Zeitraum von 8 Jahren insgesamt 32 Patienten mit einer Sarkoidose der Haut identifiziert und die Daten analysiert.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Wir konnten in unserer Erhebung zeigen, dass die Differenzialdiagnose einer Sarkoidose durch die dermatologischen Kollegen in vielen Fällen schon vor der Biopsie in Erwägung gezogen wurde (71,8 %); dies war in einer vorangegangenen Studie an Patienten in der HNO-Heilkunde nicht der Fall. Bei insgesamt 90,6 % der Patienten wurde dann sogar die Erstdiagnose durch die anschließende Hautbiopsie gestellt. Die Sarkoidose der Haut im Kopf-Hals-Bereich kann durchaus auch dem HNO-Arzt begegnen; in unserer Erhebung handelt es sich sogar um die zweithäufigste kutane Manifestation. Nach erfolgter Biopsie (Goldstandard) ist die Suche nach weiteren möglichen Organmanifestationen besonders wichtig (bspw. Lunge, Herz), um die Komplikationen eines möglichen chronischen Krankheitsverlaufs (u. a. Herzrhythmusstörungen, Lungenfibrose) frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu behandeln.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy capacity in Eastern Africa
Authors: Mwachiro Michael , Topazian Hillary M. , Kayamba Violet , Mulima Gift , Ogutu Elly , Erkie Mengistu , Lenga Gome , Mutie Thomas , Mukhwana Eva , Desalegn Hailemichael , Berhe Rezene , Meshesha Berhane Redae , Kaimila Bongani , Kelly Paul , Fleischer David , Dawsey Sanford M. , Topazian Mark D.
Published: November 2021

Background and study aims Limited evidence suggests that endoscopy capacity in sub-Saharan Africa is insufficient to meet the levels of gastrointestinal disease. We aimed to quantify the human and material resources for endoscopy services in eastern African countries, and to identify barriers to expanding endoscopy capacity.

Patients and methods In partnership with national professional societies, digestive healthcare professionals in participating countries were invited to complete an online survey between August 2018 and August 2020.

Results Of 344 digestive healthcare professionals in Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, and Zambia, 87 (25.3 %) completed the survey, reporting data for 91 healthcare facilities and identifying 20 additional facilities. Most respondents (73.6 %) perform endoscopy and 59.8 % perform at least one therapeutic modality. Facilities have a median of two functioning gastroscopes and one functioning colonoscope each. Overall endoscopy capacity, adjusted for non-response and additional facilities, includes 0.12 endoscopists, 0.12 gastroscopes, and 0.09 colonoscopes per 100,000 population in the participating countries. Adjusted maximum upper gastrointestinal and lower gastrointestinal endoscopic capacity were 106 and 45 procedures per 100,000 persons per year, respectively. These values are 1 % to 10 % of those reported from resource-rich countries. Most respondents identified a lack of endoscopic equipment, lack of trained endoscopists and costs as barriers to provision of endoscopy services.

Conclusions Endoscopy capacity is severely limited in eastern sub-Saharan Africa, despite a high burden of gastrointestinal disease. Expanding capacity requires investment in additional human and material resources, and technological innovations that improve the cost and sustainability of endoscopic services.
Veränderungen somatischer, verhaltensbezogener und
psychosozialer Zielkriterien im Kontext der Rehabilitation von Patientinnen und
Patienten mit Metabolischem Syndrom
Authors: Giesler Jürgen M. , Dederichs-Masius Ute , Glattacker Manuela
Published: November 2021

Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war es zu prüfen, inwieweit sich
somatische, verhaltensbezogene und psychosoziale Zielgrößen im
Laufe der Teilnahme an einem fünfwöchigen Programm zur
stationären Rehabilitation für Betroffene mit Metabolischem
Syndrom (META-Programm) verändern und inwieweit Veränderungen
auch 3 Monate nach Ende des Programms nachweisbar sind.

Methodik Initial beteiligten sich N=114 Rehabilitandinnen und
Rehabilitanden mit Metabolischem Syndrom an der Studie. Verhaltensbezogene und
psychosoziale Zielgrößen wurden zu Beginn, am Ende und 3 Monate
nach der Rehabilitation mittels Fragebögen erhoben. Hierbei wurden
Merkmale des Essverhaltens, das subjektive Krankheitskonzept,
Gesundheitskompetenz und psychosoziale Gesundheit erfasst. Zur Prüfung
von Veränderungen der Zielgrößen im Zeitverlauf wurden
t-Tests für abhängige Stichproben und Varianzanalysen mit
Messwiederholung gerechnet.

Ergebnisse Die meisten Zielgrößen verbesserten sich im
Zeitverlauf signifikant und mit mittleren bis großen
Effektstärken. So waren u. a. Blutdruck,
Nüchternblutzucker und Blutfettwerte zum Ende der Rehabilitation
deutlich verbessert. Im selbstberichteten Essverhalten 3 Monate nach
Rehabilitation zeigten sich effektstarke Veränderungen
gesundheitsförderlicher Verhaltensweisen im Sinne einer nur moderaten
Kontrolle des Essens, sportlicher Betätigung und der Umsetzung von
Ernährungsempfehlungen. Die wahrgenommene Symptomlast, Sorgen und das
Verständnis der Erkrankung als Merkmale des subjektiven
Krankheitskonzepts veränderten sich von Beginn zum Ende des
META-Programms positiv. Merkmale der psychosozialen Gesundheit verbesserten sich
zum Ende der Rehabilitation ebenfalls. 3 Monate später war hier jedoch
eine erneute, geringfügige Zunahme der Beeinträchtigungen im
Sinne somatoformer Störungen oder der Depressivität
festzustellen.

Schlussfolgerungen Die signifikanten und zum Teil effektstarken
Veränderungen der verschiedenen Zielgrößen entsprechen
den Zielen des untersuchten Rehabilitationsprogramms. Zukünftige
Forschung zu diesem oder vergleichbaren Programmen sollte jedoch längere
Nachbeobachtungszeiträume und Designs vorsehen, die es erlauben,
beobachtete Veränderungen eindeutig auf die Programmteilnahme
zurückzuführen. Hierbei wäre auch zu klären, wie
beobachtete Verbesserungen stabilisiert oder noch weiter gefördert
werden können.
The Role of Eye Color in the Emergence of Tinnitus in Silence
Authors: Ukaegbe Onyinyechi C. , Tucker Denise A.
Published: November 2021

Introduction Previous research suggests that African Americans are less likely than Caucasians to perceive tinnitus in sustained silence.

Objective To evaluate the association between non-cutaneous melanin as indicated by eye color and the emergence of temporary tinnitus during a brief period of silence.

Methods A cross-section of adults grouped according to their eye color were exposed to silence. A total of 62 adults, aged 18 to 35 years (10 males, 52 females) were required to sit in silence for 10 minutes, after which they filled out a questionnaire to report their eye color and any perception of sounds in the ears or head.

Results In total, 63% of the participants perceived tinnitus while sitting in silence, and, of these 95% perceived the tinnitus sounds within 5 minutes of sitting in silence. Though African Americans were less likely to perceive tinnitus in silence, this difference was not significant (p = 0.6). After a period of silence, 69% of the subjects with light-colored eyes and 58% of the dark-eyed subjects perceived tinnitus. This difference was not statistically significant (χ2(1) = 0.77; p = 0.38).

Conclusion When exposed to reduced auditory stimulation, 3 out of 5 normal-hearing people are likely to experience tinnitus. However, there was no relationship between eye color and the perception of tinnitus in silence. Although melanin has been shown to play a role in the protection of the ear against noise trauma and the effects of age-related hearing loss, its role in the emergence of tinnitus needs further investigation.
A Review on Homoeopathic Remedies and their Relationship
Authors: Bala Renu , Srivastava Amit
Published: November 2021

Het woord relatie duidt op de manier waarop twee of meer dingen verbonden zijn, of een situatie van verbondenheid. Niets in de natuur staat werkelijk los van iets anders. Geneesmiddelen zijn op verschillende manieren met elkaar verbonden in hun therapeutische werking. Voor het nauwkeurig voorschrijven is kennis van de onderlinge relaties van middelen essentieel. Hahnemann was altijd zorgvuldig in het observeren en noteren van de antidoten van de remedies die hij beproefde.

In het therapeutisch handboek is de relatie van remedies het meest nuttige hoofdstuk. Zelfs Kent pleitte voor het gebruik van dit specifieke hoofdstuk dat op verschillende niveaus kan worden bestudeerd van denken, lichaamsdelen, gewaarwordingen, modaliteiten, enz. Dit onderwerp wordt het minst begrepen en het minst gebruikt omdat de artsen er te weinig aandacht aan besteden. Homeopaten beheersen de kunst van het individualiseren, een van de pijlers van de homeopathische behandeling, maar er moet meer nadruk gelegd worden op het groeperen van remedies op basis van hun verwantschap, wat in de praktijk van groot belang is voor de ideale genezing. De homeopathische literatuur blijkt zeer rijk te zijn in het beschrijven van de relatie van de onderlinge geneesmiddelen. Dit overzicht beoogt de onderliggende feiten en ervaringen van verschillende auteurs betreffende de relatie tussen geneesmiddelen naar voren te brengen.

Het woord relatie duidt op de manier waarop twee of meer dingen verbonden zijn, of een situatie van verbondenheid. Niets in de natuur staat werkelijk los van iets anders. Geneesmiddelen zijn op verschillende manieren met elkaar verbonden in hun therapeutische werking. Voor het nauwkeurig voorschrijven is kennis van de onderlinge relaties van middelen essentieel. Hahnemann was altijd zorgvuldig in het observeren en noteren van de antidoten van de remedies die hij beproefde.

In het therapeutisch handboek is de relatie van remedies het meest nuttige hoofdstuk. Zelfs Kent pleitte voor het gebruik van dit specifieke hoofdstuk dat op verschillende niveaus kan worden bestudeerd van denken, lichaamsdelen, gewaarwordingen, modaliteiten, enz. Dit onderwerp wordt het minst begrepen en het minst gebruikt omdat de artsen er te weinig aandacht aan besteden. Homeopaten beheersen de kunst van het individualiseren, een van de pijlers van de homeopathische behandeling, maar er moet meer nadruk gelegd worden op het groeperen van remedies op basis van hun verwantschap, wat in de praktijk van groot belang is voor de ideale genezing. De homeopathische literatuur blijkt zeer rijk te zijn in het beschrijven van de relatie van de onderlinge geneesmiddelen. Dit overzicht beoogt de onderliggende feiten en ervaringen van verschillende auteurs betreffende de relatie tussen geneesmiddelen naar voren te brengen.
A Pilot Study on the Addition of Tramadol or Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (Prilocaine Plus Lignocaine) to Local Lignocaine Infiltration for Prevention of Bone Marrow Aspiration/Biopsy Associated Pain
Authors: Rudresha AH. , Sansar Bipinesh , Lokanath D. , Jacob Linu Abraham , Babu M.C. Suresh , Lokesh K. N. , Saldanha Smitha C. , Goyal Shina , Rajeev L. K.
Published: November 2021

Objectives Bone marrow aspiration although being a common procedure is associated with significant pain and its reduction remains an unmet need. We evaluated the use of tramadol and eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (prilocaine plus lignocaine) (EMLA) for reducing the severity of pain.

Materials and Methods In this pilot study, we compared the addition of either tramadol 50 mg per oral (T) or EMLA local application (E) or no intervention (L) in addition to the usual procedure of local infiltration with lignocaine 2% before bone marrow aspiration and biopsy (BMAB) in adults suspected/confirmed with malignancy. Both, tramadol and EMLA were administered 1 hour prior to the procedure. Primary end point was reduction in pain intensity with these interventions compared with local infiltration alone. Pain was assessed using numerical FACES pain scale, a visual analogue scale. Secondary end points were to see the effect on pre procedure apprehension and to find out the other factors associated with increased pain related to the procedure.

Statistical Analysis and Results A total of 300 patients were included in the study, 100 each in tramadol (T), EMLA (E), and only lignocaine local infiltration (L) arms, respectively. The mean pain intensity on the visual scale was significantly lower in the tramadol arm (T, E, L—3.4, 4.4, 4.7, respectively) (p < 0.0005). There was a significant reduction in percentage of patients who experienced moderate/severe pain (four or more) in the tramadol arm (T, E, L—45, 77, 82%, respectively) (p < 0.0005). Duration of procedure >10 minutes, body mass index >30, ECOG (Eastern Oncology Group) performance status ≥3, and age >50 years were positively correlated with more pain. Leukemia patients experienced significantly more pain compared with patients with lymphoma and other solid malignancies. Tramadol was well tolerated. No significant effect on pre-procedure apprehension was noted in any of the arms.

Conclusion Tramadol appears to have a preventive effect on bone marrow aspiration/biopsy-associated pain and appears to be well tolerated, whereas EMLA was not associated with such an effect. Larger studies may be done to ascertain the same.
Are Hounsfield Unit Measurements of Bony Absorption Changes in Cholesteatoma Helpful?
Authors: Shemesh Shay , Luckman Judith , Marom Tal , Kraus Oded , Tamir Sharon Ovnat
Published: November 2021

Introduction High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans of the temporal bone are used to assess the bony erosion of the middle-ear structures whenever cholesteatoma is suspected.

Objective To study the differences in HRCT Hounsfield unit (HU) index measurements of middle-ear bony structures between an ears with and without cholesteatoma.

Methods A retrospective study of 59 patients who underwent surgery due to unilateral cholesteatoma. The HRCT HU index of the scutum, of three middle-ear ossicles, of the lateral semicircular canal (LSCC), and of the fallopian canal was measured in both ears. A comparison was made between the cholesteatoma and the non-cholesteatomatous ear (control). All measurements were conducted by an otolaryngologist. To assess the interobserver bias, 10% of the samples were randomly and independently assessed by another otolaryngologist and a neuroradiologist who were blinded.

Results The average HU index was lower in the ear with cholesteatoma when compared with the non-cholesteatomatous ear. While the differences were statistically significant regarding the measurements of the scutum (516.02 ± 311.693 versus 855.64 ± 389.999; p = 0.001), the malleus (1049.44 ± 481.765 versus 1413.47 ± 313.376; p = 0.01), and the incus (498.03 ± 264.184 versus 714.25 ± 405.631; p = 0.001), the differences in the measurements of the LSCC (1042.34 ± 301.066 versus 1154.53 ± 359.609; p = 0.69) and of the fallopian canal (467.19 ± 221.556 versus 543.51 ± 263.573; p = 0.108) were not significantly different between both groups. The stapes was immeasurable in both groups due to its small size.

Conclusion Hounsfield unit index measurements are a useful tool that may aid in the diagnosis of early-stage cholesteatoma.
Management of Bleed from Percutaneous Portal Puncture Site (post-BRTO) by Trans-jugular-Trans-Hepatic Embolization
Authors: Seth Raghav , Gupta Arun , Yadav Ajit
Published: November 2021

We report the case of an elderly male, who was a known case of chronic liver parenchymal disease. He presented with a history of melena for 2 weeks and upper-GI endoscopy revealed fundal varices. He was planned for BRTO. Along with BRTO, a percutaneous trans-hepatic puncture of a branch of the right portal vein was also performed for proper embolization of the varices. The trans-hepatic puncture-tract was embolized after the procedure. However, after 24 hours of the procedure, the patient developed hypotension and abdominal distension due to hemorrhage from the portal puncture site. Portal-venography was performed via the trans-jugular-trans-hepatic route to confirm the source of hemorrhage and embolization of the culprit portal venous branch was performed via the same route. The patient was stable after the procedure.

Various interventional procedures via the trans-jugular route have been routinely described in the literature, including trans-jugular liver biopsies, placement of TIPSS shunts and endovascular interventions for haemodialysis. However, the literature on trans-jugular embolization of portal vein is scarce. This case describes the unexpected clinical situation, in the form of bleeding from the portal puncture site, despite embolization of the trans-hepatic tract after BRTO. Finally, a creative solution was thought of and trans-jugular embolization of the portal vein was performed, which succeeded in terminating the ongoing bleeding from the portal vein.
5.2.16.11 Tin Cyanides and Fulminates (Update 2014)
Authors: Wyatt P. B.
Published: November 2021

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 5.2.16) describing synthetic methods that involve tin cyanides and fulminates. It focuses on applications of these compounds reported in the period 2000–2013.
10.22.1 Product Subclass 1: Azaindoles
Authors: Mérour J.-Y. , Joseph B.
Published: November 2021

This chapter covers the synthesis and reactions of 4-azaindoles, 5-azaindoles, 6-azaindoles, and 7-azaindoles. It focuses on the literature published until mid-2014. Both classical methods and recent advances in synthetic preparations are reviewed for each isomer. Substituent modifications on the pyridine or pyrrole ring are also described.
Demystifying the process of scholarly peer-review: an autoethnographic investigation of feedback literacy of two award-winning peer reviewers
Authors: Chong Sin Wang , Mason Shannon
Published: November 2021

Peer reviewers serve a vital role in assessing the value of published scholarship and improving the quality of submitted manuscripts. To provide more appropriate and systematic support to peer reviewers, especially those new to the role, this study documents the feedback practices and experiences of two award-winning peer reviewers in the field of education. Adopting a conceptual framework of feedback literacy and an autoethnographic-ecological lens, findings shed light on how the two authors design opportunities for feedback uptake, navigate responsibilities, reflect on their feedback experiences, and understand journal standards. Informed by ecological systems theory, the reflective narratives reveal how they unravel the five layers of contextual influences on their feedback practices as peer reviewers (micro, meso, exo, macro, chrono). Implications related to peer reviewer support are discussed and future research directions are proposed.
A simplified methodology for the modeling of interfaces of elementary metals
Authors: Hinuma Yoyo , Takigawa Ichigaku , Kohyama Masanori , Tanaka Shingo
Published: November 2021

Automated generation of reasonable atomic-level interface models, for example, at a grain boundary, is generally computationally intensive partly because of the three degrees of freedom in a rigid-body translation (RBT) of one side of the interface against the other. We propose an algorithm to obtain reasonable interface models using as few first-principles calculations as possible. The valence charge densities of two surface slabs constituting the interface are calculated using first-principles calculations. The surface charge densities are filtered with an exponential function using a parameter λ to obtain the reaction front. Models where the overlap of filtered charge densities between the two slabs takes a local maximum are adopted as initial models with desirable RBTs, which are then relaxed using first-principles calculations to obtain a reasonable interface model. The proposed algorithm successfully generated reasonable initial models for three out of three orientations in 75% of homointerfaces of body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, and hexagonal close-packed non-magnetic elementary metals. For the Al {001} Σ5 twist grain boundary, the present algorithm also reproduced γ-surface features of RBTs showing correct displacement shift complete lattice periodicity. Further modifications and improvements to this method are expected to accelerate automated interface model generation from a previously unexplored approach.
Synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy under high pressure: An introduction
Authors: Kong Lingping , Liu Gang
Published: November 2021

Synchrotron sources with high photon flux, small source size, and broad energy range have revolutionized ultrafine characterization of condensed matter. With the addition of the pressure dimension realized by the use of diamond anvil cells, enormous progress has been achieved throughout high-pressure science. This is particularly so for synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy (SIRMS) with its very high signal-to-noise ratio, high spatial resolution, and extended measurement conditions. SIRMS has high sensitivity, providing a platform for the investigations of the very small amounts of material that need to be used in high-pressure research. This review summarizes developments in SIRMS, focusing on instrumentation and high-pressure measurements. Applications to measurements of infrared reflectance and absorption are presented, illustrating how SIRMS results play a crucial role in advancing understanding of the crystalline phase transitions, electronic transitions, metallization, lattice dynamics, superconductivity, and novel functional behavior. New insights into spectroscopic properties, together with some cutting edge issues and open problems, are also briefly discussed.
Drifting assemblies for persistent memory: Neuron transitions and unsupervised compensation
Authors: Kalle Kossio Yaroslav Felipe , Goedeke Sven , Klos Christian , Memmesheimer Raoul-Martin
Published: November 2021

Significance

Associative memories are thought to be represented by neuronal assemblies, ensembles of nerve cells with strong synaptic interconnectivity. Experiments have, however, shown that synapses can change spontaneously. Motivated by this and by experimentally observed changes of representations, we propose that assemblies that drift freely in the brain, due to noisy network activity and spontaneous synaptic changes, are the basis of associative memory. How can memories and behaviors persist despite these changes? We find that simple, teacher-free synaptic plasticity compensates the drift and thereby solves the conundrum. When such plasticity is incorporated, networks with drifting assemblies can maintain stable memories and basic computations. The mechanisms underlying drift and compensation may apply to different kinds of drifting neural representations.
Applying economic models to assess the viability of animal welfare interventions.
Authors: Peden Rachel S. E. , Akaichi Faical
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides an excellent overview of various techniques from economy, and describes with practical examples how these techniques can be used to gain insight as to whether farmers (here the focal stakeholders) are willing to make changes in animal welfare on their farm, and at what financial costs.
Application of psychometrics to assess quality of life in animals.
Authors: Reid Jacky , Nolan Andrea , Scott Marian
Published: November 2021

Animal welfare research is gradually moving towards inclusion of positive welfare, with the consideration of how animals can be provided a good life or a life worth living. The concept of quality of life, which originates from human medical sciences, definitely contributes to this. In this chapter the developers of the health-related quality of life tool for dogs share their expertise.
The microbiota-gut-brain axis in determining social behaviours of animals.
Authors: van Staaveren Nienke , Forsythe Paul , van der Eijk Jerine A. J. , Fuchs Dietmar , Gostner Johanna M. , Mindus Claire , Rodenburg T. Bas , Harlander Alexandra
Published: November 2021

This chapter introduces the mechanisms through which microorganisms can influence animal welfare and how this knowledge can be used to keep animals physically and psychologically healthy. Genetics and genomics are well-established concepts in animal welfare sciences. Given the importance of genetics to animal behaviour and health, and the rapid advances in technologies.
Practical considerations for the use of precision livestock farming to improve animal welfare.
Authors: Siegford Janice M. , Wurtz Kaitlin
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides general concepts and definitions important for an understanding of precision livestock farming (PLF) and how PLF can improve animal welfare.
Constraints to using livestock to meet dietary needs in developing countries: role of vaccines
Authors: Baldwin Cynthia L. , Black Samuel J.
Published: November 2021

Animal agriculture and animal-source foods (ASF) play a critical role in food security, childhood nutrient sufficiency, and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we consider constraints to production of ASF in Africa with a focus on infectious animal diseases and climate stress and their control, by vaccines and selective breeding, respectively. This is not a meta-analysis but rather is meant to act as an overview or primer for discussing the value of livestock in developing countries, constraints to this, possible solutions, and finally some roadblocks to accomplishing this. The material provided is based on our own knowledge gained through careers in this field as well as discussions with colleagues.