bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pitavastatin in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Nomura Shosaku
Published: November 2017

Pitavastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that significantly reduces the plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides, while also causing modest elevation of the plasma high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) level. This statin is minimally metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozymes; it is glucuronized and converted to the inactive lactone form, which is also minimally metabolized by human hepatic microsomes; therefore, it is associated with a low frequency of drug interactions. Pitavastatin has also been shown to have various pleiotropic effects on platelets, monocytes/macrophages and endothelial cells. In addition, a new effect of pitavastatin of increasing the serum for adiponectin level has been reported recently. Pitavastatin has been reported to be associated with a lower frequency of adverse drug effects such as hepatic dysfunction and rhabdomyolysis, therefore, it may be judged as one of the safer among the strong statins. Several clinical trials of pitavastatin have been conducted. At present, its evaluation in actual clinical use by clinicians around the world is underway. Pitavastatin is an effective and safe drug for patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Collaboration to Meet a Therapeutic Need: The Development of Nelarabine
Authors: Kisor David F.
Published: November 2017

The development of nelarabine as a therapeutic agent to treat various forms of hematologic malignancies spans more than 40 years. From the bench top to the bedside, basic scientists and clinical scientists in the pharmaceutical industry and academia collaborated with regulatory agencies to bring this drug to the market. Studies have demonstrated efficacy in treating T-cell leukemia and lymphoma and further work is ongoing as new dosing schedules of nelarabine and combinations with other chemotherapeutic agents are explored. This work is aimed at maximizing the therapeutic outcome while minimizing the potential neurotoxicity that has been identified with nelarabine. This brief review provides some of the “milestones” of development and presents a summary of the efforts of the pharmaceutical industry, academia, and government. Nelarabine, synthesized in the late 1970's as a prodrug of 9-β-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G), is still undergoing rigorous clinical evaluations in an effort to identify its optimal use.
Efficacy and Safety of Cinacalcet in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage III and IV
Authors: Yajima Aiji , Pasch Andreas , Nitta Kosaku
Published: November 2017

Treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage III and IV with vitamin D sterols is useful to maintain optimal parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and thereby, reduces the severity of bone abnormalities caused by high PTH levels. However, it should be borne in mind that serum calcium (Ca) levels may easily increase as bone turnover is easily suppressed due to diffuse or early nodular parathyroid tissue in these patients. Furthermore, an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease due to advanced atherosclerosis associated with both secondary hyperparathyroidism and the administration of vitamin D sterols has been reported in patients with moderate to severe CKD, resulting in a high mortality in these patients. In order to control serum Ca levels, therefore, additional use of cinacalcet hydrochloride may be useful. However, acute reduction of serum Ca levels and chronic hyperphosphatemia should be avoided; therefore, the doses of phosphorus (P) binders should be increased or the initiation of low doses of vitamin D sterols may be favorable in patients with stage III and IV CKD receiving cinacalcet hydrochloride. The phosphaturic effect of FGF-23 after treatment with cinacalcet is estimated to be small as compared with that of vitamin D in moderate to severe CKD patients, therefore, evaluation of osteocytes should be performed in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism treated with cinacalcet hydrochloride.
Ergonomics in Laparoscopy
Authors: Yeola Meenakshi , Gode Dilip , Bora Akshay
Published: November 2017

Ergonomics is the science of best suiting the worker to his job, or to make the setting and surroundings favorable for the laparoscopic surgeon. The term was formally defined in 1949 and has brought benefit and safety to many areas of human endeavor.1 The importance of ergonomics in the setting of laparoscopy cannot be overemphasized. Studies have shown that correct ergonomics can reduce suturing time.2 Pressure-related chronic pain has been shown to be relieved by the use of ergonomically designed products.3 This article on ergonomics reviews the basic concepts and techniques, for example, triangulation, optimal coaxial alignment, drawbacks for the surgeon and the patient, and how to overcome these difficulties by recent advances in technology.
Investigation of global particulate nitrate from the AeroCom phase III experiment
Authors: Bian Huisheng , Chin Mian , Hauglustaine Didier A. , Schulz Michael , Myhre Gunnar , Bauer Susanne E. , Lund Marianne T. , Karydis Vlassis A. , Kucsera Tom L. , Pan Xiaohua , Pozzer Andrea , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Steenrod Stephen D. , Sudo Kengo , Tsigaridis Kostas , Tsimpidi Alexandra P. , Tsyro Svetlana G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. An assessment of global particulate nitrate and ammonium aerosol based on simulations from nine models participating in the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom) phase III study is presented. A budget analysis was conducted to understand the typical magnitude, distribution, and diversity of the aerosols and their precursors among the models. To gain confidence regarding model performance, the model results were evaluated with various observations globally, including ground station measurements over North America, Europe, and east Asia for tracer concentrations and dry and wet depositions, as well as with aircraft measurements in the Northern Hemisphere mid-to-high latitudes for tracer vertical distributions. Given the unique chemical and physical features of the nitrate occurrence, we further investigated the similarity and differentiation among the models by examining (1) the pH-dependent NH3 wet deposition; (2) the nitrate formation via heterogeneous chemistry on the surface of dust and sea salt particles or thermodynamic equilibrium calculation including dust and sea salt ions; and (3) the nitrate coarse-mode fraction (i.e., coarse/total). It is found that HNO3, which is simulated explicitly based on full O3-HOx-NOx-aerosol chemistry by all models, differs by up to a factor of 9 among the models in its global tropospheric burden. This partially contributes to a large difference in NO3−, whose atmospheric burden differs by up to a factor of 13. The atmospheric burdens of NH3 and NH4+ differ by 17 and 4, respectively. Analyses at the process level show that the large diversity in atmospheric burdens of NO3−, NH3, and NH4+ is also related to deposition processes. Wet deposition seems to be the dominant process in determining the diversity in NH3 and NH4+ lifetimes. It is critical to correctly account for contributions of heterogeneous chemical production of nitrate on dust and sea salt, because this process overwhelmingly controls atmospheric nitrate production (typically > 80 %) and determines the coarse- and fine-mode distribution of nitrate aerosol.
Evaluating co-creation of knowledge: from quality criteria and indicators to methods
Authors: Schuck-Zöller Susanne , Cortekar Jörg , Jacob Daniela
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Basic research in the natural sciences rests on a long tradition of evaluation. However, since the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) came out in 2012, there has been intense discussion in the natural sciences, above all amongst researchers and funding agencies in the different fields of applied research and scientific service. This discussion was intensified when climate services and other fields, used to make users participate in research and development activities (co-creation), demanded new evaluation methods appropriate to this new research mode. This paper starts by describing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary literature overview of indicators to evaluate co-creation of knowledge, including the different fields of integrated knowledge production. Then the authors harmonize the different elements of evaluation from literature in an evaluation cascade that scales down from very general evaluation dimensions to tangible assessment methods. They describe evaluation indicators already being documented and include a mixture of different assessment methods for two exemplary criteria. It is shown what can be deduced from already existing methodology for climate services and envisaged how climate services can further to develop their specific evaluation method.
Global meteorological drought and severe drought affected population in 1.5 °C and 2 °C warmer worlds
Authors: Liu Wenbin , Sun Fubao , Lim Wee Ho , Zhang Jie , Wang Hong , Shiogama Hideo , Zhang Yuqing
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In Paris Agreement of 2015, a more ambitious climate change mitigation target, on limiting the global warming at 1.5 °C instead of 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, has been proposed. Scientific investigations are necessary to investigate environmental risks associated with these warming targets. This study is the first risk-based assessment of changes in global meteorological drought and the impact of severe drought on population at 1.5 °C and 2 °C additional warming conditions using the CMIP5 (the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) climate models. Our results highlight the risk of meteorological drought at the globe and in several hotspot regions such as Amazon, Northeastern Brazil, South Africa and Central Europe at both 1.5 °C and 2 °C global warming relative to the historical period. Correspondingly, more people would be exposed to severe droughts in many regions (i.e., total and urban population in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Europe and rural population in Central Asia, South Africa and South Asia). By keeping the warming at 1.5 °C above the pre-industrial levels instead of 2 °C, the risks of meteorological drought would decrease (i.e., less drought duration, drought intensity and drought severity but relatively more frequent severe drought) and the affected total and urban population would decrease (the exposed rural population would increase in most regions) at global and sub-continental scales. Whilst challenging for the rural areas, the benefits of limiting warming to below 1.5 °C are significant for reducing the risks and societal impacts of global meteorological drought.
Going beyond the Flood Insurance Rate Map: insights from flood hazard map co-production
Authors: Luke Adam , Sanders Brett F. , Goodrich Kristen , Feldman David L. , Boudreau Danielle , Eguiarte Ana , Serrano Kimberly , Reyes Abigail , Schubert Jochen E. , AghaKouchak Amir , Basolo Victoria , Matthew Richard A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Flood hazard mapping in the United States (US) is deeply tied to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Consequently, publicly available flood maps provide essential information for insurance purposes, but do not necessarily provide relevant information for non-insurance aspects of flood risk management (FRM) such as public education and emergency planning. Recent calls for flood hazard maps that support a wider variety of FRM tasks highlight the need to deepen our understanding about the factors that make flood maps useful and understandable for local end-users. In this study, social scientists and engineers explore opportunities for improving the utility and relevance of flood hazard maps through the co-production of maps responsive to end-users' FRM needs. Specifically, two-dimensional flood modeling produced a set of baseline hazard maps for stakeholders of the Tijuana River Valley, US, and Los Laureles Canyon in Tijuana, Mexico. Focus groups with natural resource managers, city planners, emergency managers, academia, non-profit, and community leaders refined the baseline hazard maps by triggering additional modeling scenarios and map revisions. Several important end-user preferences emerged, such as (1) legends that frame flood intensity both qualitatively and quantitatively, and (2) flood scenario descriptions that report flood magnitude in terms of rainfall, streamflow, and its relation to an historic event. Regarding desired hazard map content, end-users' requests revealed general consistency with mapping needs reported in European studies and guidelines published in Australia. However, requested map content that is not commonly produced included: (1) standing water depths following the flood, (2) the erosive potential of flowing water, and (3) pluvial flood hazards, or flooding caused directly by rainfall. We conclude that the relevance and utility of commonly produced flood hazard maps can be most improved by illustrating pluvial flood hazards and by using concrete reference points to describe flooding scenarios rather than exceedance probabilities or frequencies.
Multiply factors driving continual post-wildfire debris flows with varied rainfall thresholds in the Reneyong Valley, southwestern China
Authors: Deng Mingfeng , Zhang Yong , Liu Mei , Wang Yuanhuan , Xie Wanyin , Chen Ningsheng
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In early June of 2014, wildfire struck the Reneyong Valley in the central Hengduan Mountains of southwestern China. Three days after the wildfire, the first debris flow was triggered in branch No. 3, followed by 2 other debris flows that same year. In August 2015, another debris flow occurred in branches No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3, respectively. Rainfall data from three nearby rain gauges and rainfall totals speculated from debris flow volume suggest the three debris flows in 2014 were generated by isolated convective rainfall. Later, we found that varied rainfall thresholds existed among the branches and that these thresholds might be related to the geological and geomorphic characteristics. The results show that (1) the thresholds of post-fire debris flows tend to increase as time passes; (2) post-fire debris flows in the Reneyong Valley occur with high frequency not only because of the loss of the natural canopy, the occurrences of an ash layer and dry ravels and an increase in soil water repellency but also because of the geology, drainage area, channel gradient and regional arid climate, which may not be affected by wildfire; and (3) the varied rainfall thresholds among the different branches are dependent on the drainage area, as entrainment is controlled by the magnitude of discharge.
Dark ice dynamics of the south-west Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Tedstone Andrew J. , Bamber Jonathan L. , Cook Joseph M. , Williamson Christopher J. , Fettweis Xavier , Hodson Andrew J. , Tranter Martyn
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has increased in recent years due largely to changes in atmospheric circulation and atmospheric warming. Albedo reductions resulting from these changes have amplified surface melting. Some of the largest declines in GrIS albedo have occurred in the ablation zone of the south-west sector and are associated with the development of dark ice surfaces. Field observations at local scales reveal that a variety of light-absorbing impurities (LAIs) can be present on the surface, ranging from inorganic particulates to cryoconite materials and ice algae. Meanwhile, satellite observations show that the areal extent of dark ice has varied significantly between recent successive melt seasons. However, the processes that drive such large interannual variability in dark ice extent remain essentially unconstrained. At present we are therefore unable to project how the albedo of bare ice sectors of the GrIS will evolve in the future, causing uncertainty in the projected sea level contribution from the GrIS over the coming decades. Here we use MODIS satellite imagery to examine dark ice dynamics on the south-west GrIS each year from 2000 to 2016. We quantify dark ice in terms of its annual extent, duration, intensity and timing of first appearance. Not only does dark ice extent vary significantly between years but so too does its duration (from 0 to > 80 % of June–July–August, JJA), intensity and the timing of its first appearance. Comparison of dark ice dynamics with potential meteorological drivers from the regional climate model MAR reveals that the JJA sensible heat flux, the number of positive minimum-air-temperature days and the timing of bare ice appearance are significant interannual synoptic controls. We use these findings to identify the surface processes which are most likely to explain recent dark ice dynamics. We suggest that whilst the spatial distribution of dark ice is best explained by outcropping of particulates from ablating ice, these particulates alone do not drive dark ice dynamics. Instead, they may enable the growth of pigmented ice algal assemblages which cause visible surface darkening, but only when the climatological prerequisites of liquid meltwater presence and sufficient photosynthetically active radiation fluxes are met. Further field studies are required to fully constrain the processes by which ice algae growth proceeds and the apparent dependency of algae growth on melt-out particulates.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 6 No. 2
Authors: Young Jenny
Published: November 2017

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from May 1, 2017, to November 1, 2017. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Adriano MaglioccoAghop Der-KarabetianAnna Rita Bernadette CammerinoArash RiasiAristotulus Ernst TungkaBhagawanChristiane do Nascimento MonteDilek Kaya-AkyüzlüFarhaoui MohamedGabriel Jeremiah LingGandhi Escajadillo ToledoGiacomo ChiesaHayssam Mohamed AliHebin LinHengky HalimJoão Fernando Pereira GomesKhan R. RahamanManuel Mendoza-CarranzaMona M. Amin Abdel-FatahMurat EyvazNikolay MinkovOylum Gokkurt BakiPankaj MaheshwariRocsana Tonis (Bucea-Manea)Sadegh PoozeshSaid Jaouadi
Developing A Simple Water Use Model of Ilex x ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ from Liners to Four Meter Tall Trees
Authors: C. Beeson, Jr. Richard , Thu Duong Hang Thi , Kjelgren Roger J.
Published: November 2017

To meet minimum spring flows, water management districts in Florida sought to make both agriculture and urban landscapes water efficient, which includes tree farms. Ilex spp. (holly) trees are endemic to Central Florida and among the most popular landscape trees for their hardness, bright colors and go-anywhere size. To provide a basis for irrigation allocations both during production and in landscapes, daily actual evapotranspiration (ETA) for three holly trees were measured with weighing lysimeters over 5.75 years, beginning with rooted cuttings and continuing until trees averaged 4.3 meters in height. Empirical models were derived to calculate ETA based on crown horizontal projected area or trunk caliper, adjusted daily by changes in evapotranspiration (ETo). Average ETA to produce these hollies was 20 432 L cumulative over 5.75 years.
Active iris vascular tufts bleeding successfully treated with argon laser photocoagulation
Authors: Sarmad Ambreen , Alfaqawi Fadi , Chakrabarti Monali , Mitra Arijit , Mushtaq Bushra
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

Iris vascular tufts (IVT) are rare biomicroscopic capillary outgrowths from the pupillary margins. Patients are usually asymptomatic until presenting with blurred vision due to spontaneous hyphema or with raised intraocular pressure.

Case report:

A 61-year-old woman presented to eye casualty with left eye (LE) blurred vision and discomfort for 1 day. Her external ocular examination was unremarkable and visual acuity was 6/6 in the right eye (RE) and 6/9 in the LE. Biomicroscopic examination revealed a 2-mm hyphema in her LE and bilateral multiple small IVT and active bleeding from IVT at the pupillary margin of the LE at the 5 o’clock position. Diagnosis of LE active bleeding from IVT was made and she underwent argon laser photocoagulation directed at the source of bleeding. The bleeding stopped immediately after the second burn. She was followed up for 3 months; her visual acuity was 6/5 and 6/6 in the RE and LE, respectively, with no further problems.

Conclusions:

Iris vascular tufts are benign and recurrent hemorrhages are unlikely. Therefore, definitive argon laser photocoagulation or surgical treatment are reserved to arrest further episodes of hyphema. Our case demonstrates the effective use of argon laser photocoagulation to completely arrest active bleeding from IVT and excellent recovery of hyphema with no further problems for 5 years.
Comparative study of 3 exophthalmometers and computed tomographic biometry
Authors: Delmas Juliette , Loustau Jean-Marie , Martin Sylvain , Bourmault Loïc , Adenis Jean-Paul , Robert Pierre-Yves
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

Accurate and reproducible exophthalmometry is mandatory to diagnose and follow-up orbital patients, especially in Graves disease. However, many variations are described among the different commercially available exophthalmometers.

Methods:

Sixty patients, who underwent a cerebral computed tomography (CT) scan, were included. External prebicanthal segments (EPBCS) for right and left eyes (RE and LE), interorbital distance, and globe axial length were recorded by a first observer (O1), more experienced than a second (O2). Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility were evaluated, using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland and Altman plots.

Results:

Concordance between each EPBCS measurement for each eye and CT scan biometry was moderate for the Luedde ruler for the 2 observers. For the Hertel exophthalmometer, concordance was moderate for O1 in the 2 eyes and moderate in RE but good in LE for O2. For the Mourits exophthalmometer, this concordance was very good in RE and good in LE for O1, and good whatever the eye for O2. Intraobserver (ICC varying from 0.75 to 0.95 for the 2 observers) and interobserver (ICC from 0.69 to 0.94) reproducibility were high, especially for the Mourits exophthalmometer. Bland and Altman plots showed underestimations when using the Luedde ruler, overestimations when using the Hertel exophthalmometer, and overestimation of small values and underestimation of high values when using the Mourits exophthalmometer when compared to CT scan biometry.

Conclusions:

We demonstrated great accuracy to CT scan biometry with 1-prism Mourits exophthalmometer, low accuracy with the Luedde instrument, and intermediate accuracy with the Hertel exophthalmometer, with fair intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility.
From Endometriosis to Pregnancy: Which is the “Road-Map”?
Authors: Zupi Errico , De Felice Giovanna , Conway Francesca , Martire Francesco , Exacoustos Caterina , Centini Gabriele , Patrizi Lodovico , Piccione Emilio , Lazzeri Lucia
Published: November 2017

In the last decade, pregnancy was considered as a therapeutic period for patients affected by endometriosis and painful symptoms. However, several studies have taken into consideration how endometriosis affects pregnancy achievement and pregnancy development, including obstetric complications. The adverse effects of endometriosis on the development of pregnancy include miscarriage, hypertensive disorders and pre-eclampsia, placenta previa, obstetric hemorrhages, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and adverse neonatal outcomes. The aim of this review is to analyze the current literature regarding the relationship between different forms of endometriosis (endometrioma, peritoneal endometriosis, deep endometriosis) and infertility, and the impact of endometriosis on pregnancy outcomes.
Use of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) in children receiving autologous or allogeneic stem-cell transplantation
Authors: Benvenuti Stefano , Ceresoli Rosanna , Boroni Giovanni , Parolini Filippo , Porta Fulvio , Alberti Daniele
Published: November 2017

Introduction:

The aim of our study was to present our experience with the use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in pediatric patients receiving autologous or allogenic blood stem-cell transplantation. The insertion of the device in older children does not require general anesthesia and does not require a surgical procedure.

Methods:

From January 2014 to January 2017, 13 PICCs were inserted as a central venous device in 11 pediatric patients submitted to 14 autologous or allogeneic stem-cell transplantation, at the Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of the Children’s Hospital of Brescia. The mean age of patients at the time of the procedure was 11.3 years (range 3-18 years). PICCs remained in place for an overall period of 4104 days. All PICCs were positioned by the same specifically trained physician and utilized by nurses of our stem-cell transplant unit.

Results:

No insertion-related complications were observed. Late complications were catheter ruptures and line occlusions (1.2 per 1000 PICC days). No rupture or occlusion required removal of the device. No catheter-related venous thrombosis, catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), accidental removal or permanent lumen occlusion were observed. Indications for catheter removal were completion of therapy (8 patients) and death (2 patients). Three PICCs are currently being used for blood sampling in follow-up patients after transplantation.

Conclusions:

Our data suggest that PICCs are a safe and effective alternative to conventional central venous catheters even in pediatric patients with high risk of infectious and hemorrhagic complications such as patients receiving stem-cell transplantation.
Innhold
Authors: - -
Published: November 2017

-
Det ekstremt for tidlig fødte barnet; hvordan går det?
Authors: Markestad Trond
Published: November 2017

-
Medfødte misdannelser med basis i Medisinsk fødselsregister; tidstrender og mulige sammenhenger
Authors: Klungsøyr Kari
Published: November 2017

-
Nasjonale registerkilder i epidemiologisk forskning
Authors: Håberg Siri E. , Ebbing Marta , Stoltenberg Camilla
Published: November 2017

-
En kvinnes reproduksjon og hennes livslengde – er der noen sammenheng?
Authors: Skjærven Rolv
Published: November 2017

-
Genetisk perinatalepidemiologi; status presens
Authors: Lie Rolv Terje
Published: November 2017

-
Saving Sheriff Bell: Derrida, McCarthy, and the Opening of Mercantile Ethics inNo Country for Old Men
Authors: O'Connor Patrick
Published: November 2017

This article examines Cormac McCarthy's No Country for Old Men. Rather than seeing McCarthy's novel as a paean to a lost conservatism, I offer a subtler philosophical reading. Utilizing Jacques Derrida's account of ethics and responsibility, I show that McCarthy offers a very rich account of ethical deliberation. On the surface, the novel presents a putative conservative ethics, where Sheriff Bell laments the current state of social laws and yearns for the simplicity of natural justice. Chigurh represents the logical conclusion of natural law, where morals are consistent with the natural, predictable, and mechanical laws of nature. The moral fulcrum of the novel dwells in the deepening wisdom of Bell in the face of Chigurh's mechanization and naturalization of ethics. McCarthy's philosophical and ethical insight in No Country for Old Men emerges from showing how the central protagonist Sheriff Bell struggles to exist beyond the good and evil he faces in the guise of the psychopath Chigurh's relentless rationalism. I conclude that McCarthy philosophically demonstrates the density and flawed nature of ethical decision-making, one that requires civil disobedience at the heart of the law.
On Rupture: An Intervention into Epistemological Disruptions of Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Hume
Authors: Kingsmith A. T.
Published: November 2017

An epistemology of rupture is evasive. In contrast to an established system or structure, ruptures are fleeting and interruptive. This is why the intervals manifested by rupture are so important. Machiavelli's situationist disruption, Hobbes's destructionist break, Hume's empiricist interruption—we know we are in the presence of rupture when the continuous order of things is disturbed in a moment, when the very emergence of a value appears in a new and nonsensical way—a way whose possibilities cannot be garnered from the epistemology that is being interrupted. Through an engagement with situationism, destructionism, and empiricism, this essay probes the ways in which breaks from the accepted epistemology come into being. In the process, the essay also situates rupture generally in the study of epistemology, in an attempt to emphasize the ways in which breaking out, breaking through, and breaking forth are central forces underpinning the Continental tradition.
Semantic Prosodies and Frame Semantics in Media Discourse: A Case Study of the Ubiquitous Mayhem in the Iraqi City of Kirkuk
Authors: Abid Raith , Khazraji Nidaa
Published: November 2017

The study investigates the semantic prosodies and semantic framing of the Iraqi city of Kirkuk as depicted in the media. This research aims to supplement current critical research by investigating the issue of Kirkuk and the main reasons for its constant mayhem as presented in media discourse, which hitherto has never been investigated. Moreover, this study’s synergy of semantic prosody and semantic framing is novel. The corpus consists of Eastern and Western news articles retrieved from 4 December 2012 to 23 December 2012. The results of the study indicated that Kirkuk is typically associated with negative prosodies that revolve around political unrest, military tension, and bomb attacks. The main reasons for this mayhem, as depicted in the media, are the city’s most prominent features that is, its multi-ethnicity and oil wealth.
Error Correction in the Intensive Reading Class of English Majors
Authors: Zhu Lei
Published: November 2017

This study explores similarities and differences of students’ and teachers’ attitudes toward corrective feedback in ESL teaching in terms of feedback efficacy and participant’s perception of the feedback. Taking an empirical case study approach, the researcher followed closely six English teachers and two classes of English juniors. Questionnaires for both teachers and students and interviews with them respectively are the source of data. The research findings indicate that students are more confident about error correction than teachers. Subsequently, the direct corrective feedback seems to be more effective than indirect ones. And their attitudes about strategies seem to be a more decisive factor that influences the effectiveness of these strategies, because the strategy of negotiation of form, on which the students and the teachers hold the same attitude, enjoys the highest degree of students’ perception.
Interpretation and Construction of “Meaning-Senses” within Cross-cultural Context—Extension of Brand Name Translation Theory
Authors: Liu Jiafeng
Published: November 2017

Integral study of brand name translation needs promoting theoretical category system at relevant macro-meso-micro contextual levels. Taken E-C brand name translation as example, this paper establishes an explanatory frame of generation and construction of “meaning-senses” of translated brand name through discussing the macro-meso-micro contexts and their major factors in the process of brand name translation. This research shows that “named meaning”, determined by meso brand contextual factors, should be jointly delivered by micro linguistic contextual factors complying with demands of macro cultural contexts. This research will provide a feasible research dimension for systematic integration of theoretical categorization of pragmatic translation.
The Effects of L2 Experience and Vowel Context on the Perceptual Assimilation of English Fricatives by L2 Thai Learners
Authors: Kitikanan Patchanok
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of vowel context and language experience in the perceived similarity between L2 English fricatives and Thai sounds. The target English sounds being investigated were the sounds /v, f, w, θ, tʰ, s, ð, d, z, ʃ, t͡ʃ/. These sounds were elicited from four native English speakers in words in onset position and followed by three vowel contexts: high, low and back. Subjects were 54 Thai students divided into two groups: English-major and non-English-major. These Thai learners were asked to identify the sounds they heard with the Thai sounds that were closest in their perception. The findings showed that 1) all shared sounds were matched with the same L1 categories, suggesting that the existence of L2 sounds in the L1 sound system supports the perception; 2) most non-shared sounds, except English /θ/ were matched to Thai sounds that were suggested in previous literature; 3) the perceived similarity of English /θ/ and the L1 Thai sounds showed the effect of the vowel context in that this sound was mostly matched with Thai /f/ in the high and low vowel contexts whereas in the back vowel context, it was matched with Thai /s/; 4) the perceived similarities of both shared and non-shared sounds were affected by vowel context and language experience. The findings of this study shed light on the importance exploring perceived similarities and differences in the phonetic level rather than the phonological one.
Deviance in the Internet Use in Working Environment: Key Factors and Remedies based on an Exploratory Study
Authors: Blazic Borka Jerman , Gorenc Mateja
Published: November 2017

Deviance, in a sociological context, is understood as actions or behaviours that violate social norms, including formally-enacted rules, as well as informal violations of social norms. Deviant behaviour related to Internet was studied mainly as a technology enabling misuse and addiction. In this paper deviant behaviour is studied in the context of two phenomena the addiction to the on-line services and the: abuse in the work place. Both phenomena enact the working forms and cause loss of productivity. As organizations and companies try to minimize the productivity losses resulting from their employees’ Internet abuse in work place different approaches are used to solve the problem, some of them like e-surveillance and social control are in conflict with the social norms and the legislation order. The study presented in the paper explores the relationship between a person addicted to the Internet, and the factors that influence the abuse in the workplace. The study results discover whether these two phenomena are the result of the work environment like poor organizational structure in the company or bad human relationships. Another intention of the study was to find out whether the disciplinary measures applied to deter the Internet abuse have effects on the employees behaviour. The study results have shown that the occurrence of Internet abuse in workplace is not strongly related to the work conditions like the bad relationships with co-workers or managers, the missing actions for remuneration or recognition of the good work, and lack of paths for career advancement. The awareness of being e-surveyed by the employer, or being warned with personal messages about the misuse of Internet cause the time spent on the Internet for non-working purposes by the employee to decline. The study was carried out on an exhaustive sample inform an EU member state country where the legislative approach in employee e-surveying differ from other world regions. Managers were involved in this study to light up their everyday practice in deterring the Internet abuse in work place in view of the existing law for employee privacy protection in communication.
Partitioning risks of tree mortality by modes of death in managed and unmanaged northern hardwoods and mixedwoods
Authors: Guillemette François , Gauthier Martin-Michel , Ouimet Rock
Published: November 2017

We used a permanent sample plot network established to monitor the effects of forest management practiced in mature northern hardwood and mixedwood stands in Québec, Canada to address two important questions related to tree mortality: (1) How does partial cutting affect tree mortality? (2) Which variables best explain tree mortality by different modes of death (standing death, uprooting or stem breakage)? Decennial tree deaths were lower after partial cutting than in unharvested plots, but the annual proportion of tree death was similar (1.25%·year-1). At the tree level, a risk-product classification demonstrated the strongest evidence on influencing total mortality, followed by species, the presence of a logging injury, and tree size. Annual temperature was the only climatic variable explaining variations in total risk of tree mortality, and always among the first three variables explaining differences among the three modes of death. The risk of standing death also increased with increasing annual precipitation, while the risk of stem breakage and, to a lesser extent, of being uprooted, decreased with increasing precipitation. Additionally, we found strong evidence to support the effect of the potassium/magnesium ratio of the humus layer on the risk of being uprooted. This information is critical to better understand tree mortality processes.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS FOR TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Rydzkowski Włodzimierz , Hajdul Marcin
Published: November 2017

Transport management is one of the key element of successful and efficient
organization of logistic processes within companies (Rydzkowski, Wojewódzka-Król,
2010). The primary purpose of this article is to present results of authors’ study on
the existing and modern concepts, tools and techniques of transport management.
The analysis is based on research priorities specified by the European Logistics
Technology Platform ALICE and relating to the Physical Internet and the Internet
of Things concepts. Survey, desk research and real case study results were used
in the paper. Finally, assumptions of modern IT tool for transport management
were presented in the last chapter.
MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS
OF INLAND WATERWAYS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Wojewódzka-Król Krystyna
Published: November 2017

The aim of this article is to show, at the example of lower Vistula River, that
the characteristics of inland waterways may increase the benefits of multipurpose
development of waterways. In the paper, the nature of the multipurpose development
of waterways, the impact of the specifics of the waterways to the share
of inland waterway transport in handling the transportation needs, the process
of creating an international transport network, and the effects of the development
of waterways in the light of the idea of sustainable development will be presented.
Co dzieci myślą o muzyce? Interpretacja muzycznych i literackich treści utworu Sanctus w wypowiedziach dzieci
Authors: Szatan Ewa
Published: November 2017

Words are unambiguous and it allows the meaning of phenomena to be defined. Music has many meanings, but words are needed so that music can be described. Children can describe the world in which they live, interpret phenomena. As a researcher I wanted to see how children talk about music as they describe what they hear in it. Text is the result of talking with children about music.
‘I speak slang, but wiv the teacher ‘normal’’. Language ideology in the primary classroom
Authors: Ferri Giuliana
Published: November 2017

The paper is a work in progress investigating the perceptions of Standard English expressed by a group of children in their last year of primary school in a multicultural and multilingual educational setting in London. The theoretical framework employed to interpret the data, a series of group interviews with small groups, is that of language ideology. The idea brought forward in the paper is that language ideology is a habitus (Bourdieu, 1991) which attaches certain values to the prestige variety of a language, while devaluing non-standard varieties. Through the adoption of this theoretical lens, the paper attempts to evaluate the educational implications of this ideology.
Polish as L1, English as L2: the linguistic transfer impact on Second Language Acquisition stemming from the interlingual differences: implications for young learners education
Authors: Łockiewicz Marta , Jaskulska Martyna
Published: November 2017

Research has shown that learners of different linguistic backgrounds make similar errors, which is due to linguistic transfer. Cross-linguistic similarities between L1 and L2 can result in: positive transfer, negative transfer, and differing lengths of acquisition. The bigger the difference between the languages, the bigger Second Language Acquisition difficulties and more numerous potential negative transfer areas. This effect is visible in the case of Polish as L1 and English as L2. English and Polish differ in terms of pronunciation (e.g. vowel-based vs. consonant-based), spelling (e.g. opaque vs. semi-transparent), grammar (e.g. fixed vs. flexible word order), syntax (e.g. analytic vs. synthetic), and vocabulary. Therefore, second language instruction should include the errors caused by linguistic transfer, which would facilitate the selection and development of effective instruction methods and techniques.68-76
MODELLING INTERMODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS –
DIRECTIONS FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Authors: Milewski Dariusz , Wiśnicki Bogusz
Published: November 2017

The authors of the article here describe scientific achievements in the field
of transport modelling with emphasis on intermodal transport models. Already
developed models, described in the scientific literature and used in practice are
discussed and their relevance to various scientific phenomena and relationships
assessed. The authors point out the limitations of these models and submit
the requirements that should be met in order to create effective decision-making
tools. The models should provide support to achieve the research objectives for
which they were developed (the observation of phenomena, the influence of different
factors on the analysed phenomena, streamlining the decision-making process,
optimal solution choice).
THE USE OF GREEN LOGISTICS ELEMENTS DURING
THE CONSTRUCTION OF OFFSHORE VESSELS
Authors: Drozd Radosław , Kisielewski Marcin
Published: November 2017

The article is aimed at the presentation referring to the use of green logistics
elements during the construction of the offshore vessels in the following aspects:
collection, removal and utilisation of any waste that is harmful for natural environment,
elimination of the negative impact that such waste can have on natural
environment and the search for the optimal solutions as regards these aspects.
The Law of the Community and Community Rights: Implications for the Métis in Canada
Authors: Gagné Natacha , Larcher Claudie , Grammond Sébastien
Published: November 2017

This paper is based on the result of a qualitative content analysis of the transcripts of the Hirsekorn trial which took place from 4 May 2009 to 24 June 2010 before the Provincial Court of Alberta. The case was based on the framework established in the Powley case, handed down in 2003, the Supreme Court of Canada’s first decision on Métis rights. In defence, the accused asserted an aboriginal right to hunt protected by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. Hence, the judges had to render a decision on the Métis identity of the accused and his membership in a rights-holding Métis community. The main question at issue then becomes the existence of such a community. In this paper, the authors analyze the concept of “community” as a legal category and as a holder of rights. They highlight the various definitions given to that concept by the Crown and the defence and their implications. This analysis follows the path of anthropological work regarding the concept of “community.”
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: November 2017

Welcome to the November 2017 issue of C&RL News. The continued focus on the accuracy of information in both traditional and social media provides an important opportunity for academic and research librarians to provide information literacy instruction that is meaningful to students beyond their classroom assignments. In their article “Says who?” librarians from Aquinas College provide insight into a variety of classroom approaches to addressing “fake news” with undergraduate students.
News from the Field
Authors: Free David
Published: November 2017

DePaul opens expanded information commons, maker spaceNominations sought for ACRL Board of DirectorsDigital Library Federation, HBCU Library Alliance name 2017 DLF HBCU fellowsNotre Dame, North Carolina signs GPO Preservation Steward agreementsGreater Western Library Alliance issues information literacy impact studyNMC releases Digital Literacy in Higher Education, Part II
Closing the divide: Subject librarians and scholarly communication librarians can work together to reach common goals
Authors: Middleton Cheryl A.
Published: November 2017

As ACRL President, I am very interested in the changes that our members and the profession are experiencing and in making connections to our goals in the ACRL Plan for Excellence.1 Our plan enables ACRL to invest member resources in shaping policies and practices that enable us to meet the needs of our users and our institutions as they change over time. Over the past year, I’ve been doing a lot of thinking about scholarly communication and the role of academic librarians, particularly subject or liaison librarians.
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: November 2017

Postsecondary snapshotScience newsAcademic library spendingPreparedness
Communication Violence in Verbal Expression and Nonverbal Behavior of Preschool and Early Primary School Teachers During Teaching Process: An Observational Study
Authors: Stamatis Panagiotis J.
Published: November 2017

The teaching process is actually a communication one. It could be interesting or not, pleasant or woeful etc. depending mainly on the teacher’s attitude, his/her verbal expression and nonverbal behavior performed in the classroom. Especially, in children of preschool and early primary school ages, the words a teacher uses in an everyday chat or discussion with students during teaching, the tone of his/her voice and nonverbal behavior may create a positive or negative classroom climate which affects relationships among him/her and the students.
This study, based on observations of teachers’ communication behavior during teaching process, focuses on the way they choose to communicate with children and on their verbal expressions in regard to classroom climate conditions. Also, the study focuses on teachers’ nonverbal behaviors, which like nonverbal communication aspects, affect the relationships among classroom participants in school environment. Emphasis is given on teachers’ verbal expressions and nonverbal behaviors that may lead to communication violence and bullying because teachers are more than often behavioral patterns especially for preschoolers and very young elementary school children (pupils).