bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Shelf‐To‐Basin Transport of Iron From the Northern U.S. West Coast to the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Pham Anh Le‐Duy , Damien Pierre , McCoy Daniel , Mar Matthew , Kessouri Fayçal , McWilliams James C. , Moffett James , Bianchi Daniele
Published: May 2024

Release of iron (Fe) from continental shelves is a major source of this limiting nutrient for phytoplankton in the open ocean, including productive Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems. The mechanisms governing the transport and fate of Fe along continental margins remain poorly understood, reflecting interaction of physical and biogeochemical processes that are crudely represented by global ocean biogeochemical models. Here, we use a submesoscale‐permitting physical‐biogeochemical model to investigate processes governing the delivery of shelf‐derived Fe to the open ocean along the northern U.S. West Coast. We find that a significant fraction (∼20%) of the Fe released by sediments on the shelf is transported offshore, fertilizing the broader Northeast Pacific Ocean. This transport is governed by two main pathways that reflect interaction between the wind‐driven ocean circulation and Fe release by low‐oxygen sediments: the first in the surface boundary layer during upwelling events; the second in the bottom boundary layer, associated with pervasive interactions of the poleward California Undercurrent with bottom topography. In the water column interior, transient and standing eddies strengthen offshore transport, counteracting the onshore pull of the mean upwelling circulation. Several hot‐spots of intense Fe delivery to the open ocean are maintained by standing meanders in the mean current and enhanced by transient eddies and seasonal oxygen depletion. Our results highlight the importance of fine‐scale dynamics for the transport of Fe and shelf‐derived elements from continental margins to the open ocean, and the need to improve representation of these processes in biogeochemical models used for climate studies.
Stable Isotopic (δ13C) Evidence for Global Microbial Sequestration of Refractory Dissolved Organic Matter
Authors: Lewis Christian B. , Walker Brett D. , Druffel Ellen R. M.
Published: May 2024

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the global oceans is an important long‐term carbon sink. Connections between molecular size, reactivity, and isotopic characteristics show that DOC exists on a continuum from biologically reactive to recalcitrant. The driving mechanisms behind the creation and persistence of recalcitrant DOC remain unknown. We show mean recalcitrant DOC (isolated via solid‐phase extraction; SPE‐DOC) δ13C values are 1.3 ± 0.6‰ lower than mean total DOC δ13C between depth ranges 0–200 m and 2–4 km on three GO‐SHIP Repeat Hydrography cruises. Lowest observed δ13C values correlate with low ∆14C and proximity to deep ocean hydrothermal systems. These data support the hypothesis that reworking of DOC through the microbial carbon pump is a key driver of the ocean's long‐term carbon sink. Mass‐balance modeling shows deep‐ocean DOC not captured by SPE is enriched in 13C, highlighting the need for continued research on non‐retained DOC to predict mechanisms that drive ocean carbon storage.
Quantification of Representation Error in the Neutral Winds and Ion Drifts Using Data Assimilation
Authors: Hu Jiahui , López Rubio Aurora , Chartier Alex , McDonald Sarah , Datta‐Barua Seebany
Published: May 2024

In this work we quantify the representation error of the algorithm Estimating Model Parameters from Ionospheric Reverse Engineering (EMPIRE), which estimates global neutral winds and ion drifts given time‐varying plasma densities. SAMI3 (Sami3 is A Model of the Ionosphere) serves as the background climate model and pseudo‐measurements for the EMPIRE observation system. This configuration allows the data assimilation inputs to be self‐consistent between each other and with the validation data. The estimated neutral winds and ion drifts are compared to the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM14) and SAMI3 “truth.” For both the quiet period on 25 August 2018 and subs7equent storm on 26 August, the EMPIRE estimation of ion drifts is better at low‐to‐mid geomagnetic latitudes with mean error up to 20 m/s. For the high latitudes (poleward of ±60° magnetic), the mean errors exceed 50 m/s with variances up to 200 m/s, and the relative errors are higher than the “truth.” At latitudes of ±87°, the large errors are attributed to a boundary effect. However, the neutral wind mean errors peak at 20 m/s at mid‐latitudes (40°–60° magnetic), with larger uncertainties, then converge to 0 approaching higher latitudes. By conducting this study, we define a method for obtaining the representation error covariance for future use of EMPIRE with SAMI3 as background.
The emerging roles of miRNA-mediated autophagy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Ding Yamin , Huang Xuan , Ji Tuo , Qi Cong , Gao Xuzhu , Wei Rongbin
Published: May 2024

Ovarian cancer is one of the common tumors of the female reproductive organs. It has a high mortality rate, is highly heterogeneous, and early detection and primary prevention are very complex. Autophagy is a cellular process in which cytoplasmic substrates are targeted for degradation in lysosomes through membrane structures called autophagosomes. The periodic elimination of damaged, aged, and redundant cellular molecules or organelles through the sequential translation between amino acids and proteins by two biological processes, protein synthesis, and autophagic protein degradation, helps maintain cellular homeostasis. A growing number of studies have found that autophagy plays a key regulatory role in ovarian cancer. Interestingly, microRNAs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and thus can regulate the development and progression of ovarian cancer through the regulation of autophagy in ovarian cancer. Certain miRNAs have recently emerged as important regulators of autophagy-related gene expression in cancer cells. Moreover, miRNA analysis studies have now identified a sea of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in ovarian cancer tissues that can affect autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, miRNAs in plasma and stromal cells in tumor patients can affect the expression of autophagy-related genes and can be used as biomarkers of ovarian cancer progression. This review focuses on the potential significance of miRNA-regulated autophagy in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
LncRNA IL21-AS1 facilitates tumour progression by enhancing CD24-induced phagocytosis inhibition and tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Jie , Yan Changsheng , Xu Shaohua
Published: May 2024

CD24 is overexpressed in various tumours and considered a regulator of cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. Recent studies have found that CD24 on ovarian cancer (OC) and triple-negative breast cancer cells interacts with the inhibitory receptor sialic-acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 (Siglec-10) on tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) to inhibit phagocytosis by macrophages. Because of its multiple roles in regulating the immune response and tumorigenesis, CD24 is a very promising therapeutic target. However, the regulatory mechanism of CD24 in OC remains unclear. Here, we found that the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) IL21-AS1, which was upregulated in OC, inhibited macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and promoted OC cell proliferation and apoptosis inhibition. More importantly, after IL21-AS1 knockdown, a significant survival advantage was observed in mice engrafted with tumours. Mechanistically, we identified IL21-AS1 as a hypoxia-induced lncRNA. Moreover, IL21-AS1 increased HIF1α-induced CD24 expression under hypoxic conditions. In parallel, we found that IL21-AS1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-561-5p to regulate CD24 expression. Finally, IL21-AS1 increased CD24 expression in OC and facilitated OC progression. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the regulation of CD24, thus highlighting a potential strategy for targeted treatment of OC.
Acinar to β-like cell conversion through inhibition of focal adhesion kinase
Authors: Dahiya Shakti , Saleh Mohamed , Rodriguez Uylissa A. , Rajasundaram Dhivyaa , R. Arbujas Jorge , Hajihassani Arian , Yang Kaiyuan , Sehrawat Anuradha , Kalsi Ranjeet , Yoshida Shiho , Prasadan Krishna , Lickert Heiko , Hu Jing , Piganelli Jon D. , Gittes George K. , Esni Farzad
Published: May 2024

Insufficient functional β-cell mass causes diabetes; however, an effective cell replacement therapy for curing diabetes is currently not available. Reprogramming of acinar cells toward functional insulin-producing cells would offer an abundant and autologous source of insulin-producing cells. Our lineage tracing studies along with transcriptomic characterization demonstrate that treatment of adult mice with a small molecule that specifically inhibits kinase activity of focal adhesion kinase results in trans-differentiation of a subset of peri-islet acinar cells into insulin producing β-like cells. The acinar-derived insulin-producing cells infiltrate the pre-existing endocrine islets, partially restore β-cell mass, and significantly improve glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice. These findings provide evidence that inhibition of the kinase activity of focal adhesion kinase can convert acinar cells into insulin-producing cells and could offer a promising strategy for treating diabetes.
CD74 supports accumulation and function of regulatory T cells in tumors
Authors: Bonnin Elisa , Rodrigo Riestra Maria , Marziali Federico , Mena Osuna Rafael , Denizeau Jordan , Maurin Mathieu , Saez Juan Jose , Jouve Mabel , Bonté Pierre-Emmanuel , Richer Wilfrid , Nevo Fabien , Lemoine Sebastien , Girard Nicolas , Lefevre Marine , Borcoman Edith , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Baulande Sylvain , Moreau Helene D. , Sedlik Christine , Hivroz Claire , Lennon-Duménil Ana-Maria , Tosello Boari Jimena , Piaggio Eliane
Published: May 2024

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are plastic cells playing a pivotal role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Tregs actively adapt to the microenvironment where they reside; as a consequence, their molecular and functional profiles differ among tissues and pathologies. In tumors, the features acquired by Tregs remains poorly characterized. Here, we observe that human tumor-infiltrating Tregs selectively overexpress CD74, the MHC class II invariant chain. CD74 has been previously described as a regulator of antigen-presenting cell biology, however its function in Tregs remains unknown. CD74 genetic deletion in human primary Tregs reveals that CD74KO Tregs exhibit major defects in the organization of their actin cytoskeleton and intracellular organelles. Additionally, intratumoral CD74KO Tregs show a decreased activation, a drop in Foxp3 expression, a low accumulation in the tumor, and consistently, they are associated with accelerated tumor rejection in preclinical models in female mice. These observations are unique to tumor conditions as, at steady state, CD74KO-Treg phenotype, survival, and suppressive capacity are unaffected in vitro and in vivo. CD74 therefore emerges as a specific regulator of tumor-infiltrating Tregs and as a target to interfere with Treg anti-tumor activity.
Recent collisional history of (65803) Didymos
Authors: Campo Bagatin Adriano , Dell’Oro Aldo , Parro Laura M. , Benavidez Paula G. , Jacobson Seth , Lucchetti Alice , Marzari Francesco , Michel Patrick , Pajola Maurizio , Vincent Jean-Baptiste
Published: May 2024

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART, NASA) spacecraft revealed that the primary of the (65803) Didymos near-Earth asteroid (NEA) binary system is not exactly the expected spinning top shape observed for other km-size asteroids. Ground based radar observations predicted that such shape was compatible with the uncertainty along the direction of the asteroid spin axis. Indeed, Didymos shows crater and landslide features, and evidence for boulder motion at low equatorial latitudes. Altogether, the primary seems to have undergone sudden structural failure in its recent history, which may even result in the formation of the secondary. The high eccentricity of Didymos sets its aphelion distance inside the inner main belt, where it spends more than 1/3 of its orbital period and it may undergo many more collisions than in the NEA region. In this work, we investigate the collisional environment of this asteroid and estimate the probability of collision with multi-size potential impactors. We analyze the possibility that such impacts produced the surface features observed on Didymos by comparing collisional intervals with estimated times for surface destabilization by the Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect. We find that collisional effects dominate over potential local or global deformation due to YORP spin up.
A non-image-forming visual circuit mediates the innate fear of heights in male mice
Authors: Shang Wei , Xie Shuangyi , Feng Wenbo , Li Zhuangzhuang , Jia Jingyan , Cao Xiaoxiao , Shen Yanting , Li Jing , Shi Haibo , Gu Yiran , Weng Shi-Jun , Lin Longnian , Pan Yi-Hsuan , Yuan Xiao-Bing
Published: May 2024

The neural basis of fear of heights remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the fear response to heights in male mice and observed characteristic aversive behaviors resembling human height vertigo. We identified visual input as a critical factor in mouse reactions to heights, while peripheral vestibular input was found to be nonessential for fear of heights. Unexpectedly, we found that fear of heights in naïve mice does not rely on image-forming visual processing by the primary visual cortex. Instead, a subset of neurons in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN), which connects to the lateral/ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (l/vlPAG), drives the expression of fear associated with heights. Additionally, we observed that a subcortical visual pathway linking the superior colliculus to the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus inhibits the defensive response to height threats. These findings highlight a rapid fear response to height threats through a subcortical visual and defensive pathway from the vLGN to the l/vlPAG.
Color morphing surfaces with effective chemical shielding
Authors: Rather Adil Majeed , Vallabhuneni Sravanthi , Pyrch Austin J. , Barrubeeah Mohammed , Pillai Sreekiran , Taassob Arsalan , Castellano Felix N. , Kota Arun Kumar
Published: May 2024

Color morphing refers to color change in response to an environmental stimulus. Photochromic materials allow color morphing in response to light, but almost all photochromic materials suffer from degradation when exposed to moist/humid environments or harsh chemical environments. One way of overcoming this challenge is by imparting chemical shielding to the color morphing materials via superomniphobicity. However, simultaneously imparting color morphing and superomniphobicity, both surface properties, requires a rational design. In this work, we systematically design color morphing surfaces with superomniphobicity through an appropriate combination of a photochromic dye, a low surface energy material, and a polymer in a suitable solvent (for one-pot synthesis), applied through spray coating (for the desired texture). We also investigate the influence of polymer polarity and material composition on color morphing kinetics and superomniphobicity. Our color morphing surfaces with effective chemical shielding can be designed with a wide variety of photochromic and thermochromic pigments and applied on a wide variety of substrates. We envision that such surfaces will have a wide range of applications including camouflage soldier fabrics/apparel for chem-bio warfare, color morphing soft robots, rewritable color patterns, optical data storage, and ophthalmic sun screening.
Global ranking of the sensitivity of interaction potential contributions within classical molecular dynamics force fields
Authors: Edeling Wouter , Vassaux Maxime , Yang Yiming , Wan Shunzhou , Guillas Serge , Coveney Peter V.
Published: May 2024

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is rapidly becoming a sine qua non for all forms of computational science out of which actionable outcomes are anticipated. Much of the microscopic world of atoms and molecules has remained immune to these developments but due to the fundamental problems of reproducibility and reliability, it is essential that practitioners pay attention to the issues concerned. Here a UQ study is undertaken of classical molecular dynamics with a particular focus on uncertainties in the high-dimensional force-field parameters, which affect key quantities of interest, including material properties and binding free energy predictions in drug discovery and personalized medicine. Using scalable UQ methods based on active subspaces that invoke machine learning and Gaussian processes, the sensitivity of the input parameters is ranked. Our analyses reveal that the prediction uncertainty is dominated by a small number of the hundreds of interaction potential parameters within the force fields employed. This ranking highlights what forms of interaction control the prediction uncertainty and enables systematic improvements to be made in future optimizations of such parameters.
City level water withdrawal and scarcity accounts of China
Authors: Zhang Zongyong , Shan Yuli , Zhao Dandan , Tillotson Martin R. , Cai Bofeng , Li Xian , Zheng Heran , Zhao Cunxue , Guan Dabo , Liu Junguo , Hao Yu
Published: May 2024

In the context of China’s freshwater crisis high-resolution data are critical for sustainable water management and economic growth. Yet there is a dearth of data on water withdrawal and scarcity regardless of whether total or subsector amount, for prefectural cities. In administrative and territorial scope, we accounted for water withdrawal of all 63 economic-socio-environmental sectors for all 343 prefectural cities in China, based on a general framework and 2015 data. Spatial and economic-sector resolution is improved compared with previous studies by partitioning general sectors into industrial and agricultural sub-sectors. Construction of these datasets was based on selection of 16 driving forces. We connected a size indicator with corresponding water-withdrawal efficiency. We further accounted for total blue-water withdrawal and quantitative water scarcity status. Then we compared different scopes and methods of official accounts and statistics from various water datasets. These disaggregated and complete data could be used in input-output models for municipal design and governmental planning to help gain in-depth insights into subsector water-saving priorities from local economic activities.
Raphe glucose-sensing serotonergic neurons stimulate KNDy neurons to enhance LH pulses via 5HT2CR: rat and goat studies
Authors: Nakamura Sho , Sasaki Takuya , Uenoyama Yoshihisa , Inoue Naoko , Nakanishi Marina , Yamada Koki , Morishima Ai , Suzumura Reika , Kitagawa Yuri , Morita Yasuhiro , Ohkura Satoshi , Tsukamura Hiroko
Published: May 2024

Dysfunction of central serotonergic neurons is known to cause depressive disorders in humans, who often show reproductive and/or glucose metabolism disorders. This study examined whether dorsal raphe (DR) serotonergic neurons sense high glucose availability to upregulate reproductive function via activating hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) kisspeptin neurons (= KNDy neurons), a dominant stimulator of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/gonadotropin pulses, using female rats and goats. RNA-seq and histological analysis revealed that stimulatory serotonin-2C receptor (5HT2CR) was mainly expressed in the KNDy neurons in female rats. The serotonergic reuptake inhibitor administration into the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), including the ARC, significantly blocked glucoprivic suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses and hyperglycemia induced by intravenous 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) administration in female rats. A local infusion of glucose into the DR significantly increased in vivo serotonin release in the MBH and partly restored LH pulses and hyperglycemia in the 2DG-treated female rats. Furthermore, central administration of serotonin or a 5HT2CR agonist immediately evoked GnRH pulse generator activity, and central 5HT2CR antagonism blocked the serotonin-induced facilitation of GnRH pulse generator activity in ovariectomized goats. These results suggest that DR serotonergic neurons sense high glucose availability to reduce gluconeogenesis and upregulate reproductive function by activating GnRH/LH pulse generator activity in mammals.
Identification of novel genes associated with herbicide tolerance in Lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik.)
Authors: Balech Rind , Maalouf Fouad , Kaur Sukhjiwan , Jighly Abdulqader , Joukhadar Reem , Alsamman Alsamman M. , Hamwieh Aladdin , Khater Lynn Abou , Rubiales Diego , Kumar Shiv
Published: May 2024

Weeds pose a major constraint in lentil cultivation, leading to decrease farmers’ revenues by reducing the yield and increasing the management costs. The development of herbicide tolerant cultivars is essential to increase lentil yield. Even though herbicide tolerant lines have been identified in lentils, breeding efforts are still limited and lack proper validation. Marker assisted selection (MAS) can increase selection accuracy at early generations. Total 292 lentil accessions were evaluated under different dosages of two herbicides, metribuzin and imazethapyr, during two seasons at Marchouch, Morocco and Terbol, Lebanon. Highly significant differences among accessions were observed for days to flowering (DF) and maturity (DM), plant height (PH), biological yield (BY), seed yield (SY), number of pods per plant (NP), as well as the reduction indices (RI) for PH, BY, SY and NP. A total of 10,271 SNPs markers uniformly distributed along the lentil genome were assayed using Multispecies Pulse SNP chip developed at Agriculture Victoria, Melbourne. Meta-GWAS analysis was used to detect marker-trait associations, which detected 125 SNPs markers associated with different traits and clustered in 85 unique quantitative trait loci. These findings provide valuable insights for initiating MAS programs aiming to enhance herbicide tolerance in lentil crop.
Effect of pooled tracheal sample testing on the probability of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae detection
Authors: Serafini Poeta Silva Ana Paula , Mugabi Robert , Rotolo Marisa L. , Krantz Seth , Hu Dapeng , Robbins Rebecca , Hemker Deanne , Diaz Andres , Tucker A. W. , Main Rodger , Cano Jean Paul , Harms Perry , Wang Chong , Clavijo Maria Jose
Published: May 2024

Tracheal pooling forMycoplasma hyopneumoniae(M. hyopneumoniae) DNA detection allows for decreased diagnostic cost, one of the main constraints in surveillance programs. The objectives of this study were to estimate the sensitivity of pooled-sample testing for the detection ofM. hyopneumoniaein tracheal samples and to develop probability ofM. hyopneumoniaedetection estimates for tracheal samples pooled by 3, 5, and 10. A total of 48M. hyopneumoniaePCR-positive field samples were pooled 3-, 5-, and 10-times using fieldM. hyopneumoniaeDNA-negative samples and tested in triplicate. The sensitivity was estimated at 0.96 (95% credible interval [Cred. Int.]: 0.93, 0.98) for pools of 3, 0.95 (95% Cred. Int: 0.92, 0.98) for pools of 5, and 0.93 (95% Cred. Int.: 0.89, 0.96) for pools of 10. All pool sizes resulted in PCR-positive if the individual tracheal sample Ct value was < 33. Additionally, there was no significant decrease in the probability of detecting at least oneM. hyopneumoniae-infected pig given any pool size (3, 5, or 10) of tracheal swabs. Furthermore, this manuscript applies the probability of detection estimates to various real-life diagnostic testing scenarios. Combining increased total animals sampled with pooling can be a cost-effective tool to maximize the performance ofM. hyopneumoniaesurveillance programs.
Personality traits explain the relationship between psychedelic use and less depression in a comparative study
Authors: Sjöström David K. , Claesdotter-Knutsson Emma , Kajonius Petri J.
Published: May 2024

Interest in psychedelics is increasing due to the potential for improved mental health and quality of life. However, adverse effects on mental health are still a concern. Personality traits have been suggested to both influence the psychedelic experience and mental health, and even be changed by psychedelic use. The present study describes for the first time a national sample of Swedish psychedelic users (n = 400) compared to a sex and age-matched control-group of non-users (n = 400) regarding mental health variables (depression, insomnia, problematic alcohol and drug use, and dissociation) and personality (Big Five). Data was collected in an online survey including individuals from 16 years of age who had at least one psychedelic experience. The main results reported psychedelic users as less depressed (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9) (d = − 0.29) and having more use of drugs (Drug Use Disorders Identification Test; DUDIT) (d = 1.27). In the Big Five personality traits, openness differed notably (d = 1.72), and the between-group effects in PHQ-9 were explained by lower neuroticism. Our findings reveal that psychedelic users report less depression and higher drug use, and this is partly due to personality traits. These results have implications on how we view psychedelic users and the use of psychedelic drugs.
Environmental DNA as a tool to reconstruct catch composition for longline fisheries vessels
Authors: Green M. E. , Hardesty B. D. , Deagle B. E. , Wilcox C.
Published: May 2024

Global wild-capture fisheries are a large and diverse sector requiring various tools for fisheries-dependant data collection and effective Monitoring, Control and Surveillance (MCS). Here we present a novel protocol to collect eDNA from brine tanks onboard commercial longline vessels to reconstruct catch composition. We collected samples from nine vessels operating out of the Eastern Tuna Billfish Fishery, Australia, validating eDNA results with reliable catch data consisting of seven target and bycatch species. Environmental DNA was highly effective for detecting species retained on vessels without contamination or false positives. For four vessels, logbook data and eDNA were consistent with detections of all species. The remaining vessels detected all species except for rare catches of short-billed spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris). Similarities between rank abundance distributions of catch and eDNA reads were observed with logbook data mirrored when eDNA sequences were organised into rank order abundance. The method was effective at identifying highly abundant taxa retained in brine tanks- tuna (Thunnus spp.), swordfish (Xiphias gladius), marlin (Kajijia audax), and Atlantic Pomfret (Brama brama). Further research is required to validate how eDNA and other molecular monitoring tools can be scaled and applied to provide solutions for monitoring challenges in the fisheries sector.
Clinical impact of high-quality testing for peritoneal lavage cytology in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tanemura Masahiro , Furukawa Kenta , Mikamori Manabu , Asaoka Tadafumi , Yasuoka Hironao , Marukawa Daiki , Urata Yasuo , Yamada Daisaku , Kobayashi Shogo , Eguchi Hidetoshi
Published: May 2024

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, the importance of peritoneal lavage cytology, which indicates unresectability, remains controversial. This study sought to determine whether positive peritoneal lavage cytology (CY+) precludes pancreatectomy. Furthermore, we propose a novel liquid biopsy using peritoneal lavage fluid to detect viable peritoneal tumor cells (v-PTCs) with TelomeScan F35, a telomerase-specific replication-selective adenovirus engineered to express green fluorescent protein. Resectable cytologically or histologically proven PDAC patients (n = 53) were enrolled. CY was conducted immediately following laparotomy. The resulting fluid was examined by conventional cytology (conv-CY; Papanicolaou staining and MOC-31 immunostaining) and by the novel technique (Telo-CY; using TelomeScan F35). Of them, 5 and 12 were conv-CY+ and Telo-CY+, respectively. All underwent pancreatectomy. The two double-CY+ (conv-CY+ and Telo-CY+) patients showed early peritoneal recurrence (P-rec) postoperatively, despite adjuvant chemotherapy. None of the three conv-CY+ Telo-CY− patients exhibited P-rec. Six of the 10 Telo-CY+ conv-CY− patients (60%) relapsed with P-rec. Of the remaining 38 double-CY− [conv-CY−, Telo-CY−, conv-CY± (Class III)] patients, 3 (8.3%) exhibited P-rec. Although conv-CY+ status predicted poor prognosis and a higher risk of P-rec, Telo-CY was more sensitive for detecting v-PTC. Staging laparoscopy and performing conv-CY and Telo-CY are needed to confirm the indication for pancreatectomy.
Element-specific Curie temperatures and Heisenberg criticality in ferrimagnetic Gd6(Mn1−xFex)23 via Kouvel-Fisher analysis
Authors: Nguyen Truc Ly , Mazet Thomas , Gaudry Émilie , Malterre Daniel , Chang Fan-Hsiu , Lin Hong-Ji , Chen Chien-Te , Tseng Yuan-Chieh , Chainani Ashish
Published: May 2024

Many large unit-cell rare-earth transition metal ternary alloys of the type Ra(M1−xM’x)b exhibit non-monotonic ferrimagnetic Curie temperatures (TC) coupled to monotonic composition-controlled magnetization. Its origin remains an important long-standing puzzle in the absence of studies probing their temperature-dependent element-specific magnetism. Here, in order to resolve this issue and identify design principles for new R-M-M’ permanent magnets, we carry out x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) for the series Gd6(Mn1−xFex)23, x = 0.0 − 0.75. The results show that the net Mn-moment reduces and switches from parallel to antiparallel for x ≥ 0.2, while the Fe-moment is always antiparallel to the Gd-moment. Kouvel-Fisher analyses of XMCD data reveals distinct sublattice TC’s and 3D Heisenberg criticality. Band structure calculations show magnetic moments and density of states consistent with experiments. The magnetic phase diagram shows three regions characterized by (i) Mn-sublattice bulk-TC > Gd-sublattice TC, (ii) a reduced common-TC for all sublattices, and (iii) Fe-sublattice bulk-TC > Gd-sublattice TC. The Mn-moment switching and gradual increase of Fe-moment combine to cause non-monotonic TC’s with monotonic magnetization. The study indicates the importance of element-specific TC’s for tuning magnetic properties.
Progression of chronic liver disease to hepatocellular carcinoma: implications for surveillance and management
Authors: Johnson Philip J. , Kalyuzhnyy Anton , Boswell Ellen , Toyoda Hidenori
Published: May 2024

Background

Current opinion holds that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises as a stepwise progression from chronic liver disease (CLD) to cirrhosis and then to HCC. However, some HCCs may develop in a non-cirrhotic liver, raising uncertainty about their origin.

Methods

We analysed a prospectively accrued cohort of 2592 CLD patients (median follow-up = 13 years) with no prior evidence of liver cirrhosis. To track the progression of liver fibrosis prior to HCC diagnosis, we examined serial measurements of Fib-4 (an index of liver fibrosis). We also evaluated fibrosis progression in response to antiviral treatment in patients with hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV). Recognising the limitations of serologic fibrosis assessment, we correlated Fib-4 and fibrosis histology within this cohort.

Results

Among HCC patients, 28% had no indication of cirrhosis prior to HCC diagnosis. Only 31% of HBV-related HCC cases followed the cirrhotic pathway. HCV patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) developed cirrhosis approximately 7 years before HCC diagnosis.

Conclusions

Our analysis challenges the notion of cirrhosis as an obligatory stage of HCC development in CLD patients. We affirm HBV’s direct oncogenic potential and find that achieving SVR does not universally prevent HCC development. Our findings have major implications for HCC surveillance.
Magnon-photon coupling in an opto-electro-magnonic oscillator
Authors: Xiong Yuzan , Nair Jayakrishnan M. P. , Christy Andrew , Cahoon James F. , Pishehvar Amin , Zhang Xufeng , Flebus Benedetta , Zhang Wei
Published: May 2024

The opto-electronic oscillators (OEOs) hosting self-sustained oscillations by a time-delayed mechanism are of particular interest in long-haul signal transmission and processing. On the other hand, owing to their unique tunability and compatibility, magnons—as elementary excitations of spin waves—are advantageous carriers for coherent signal transduction across different platforms. In this work, we integrated an opto-electronic oscillator with a magnonic oscillator consisting of a microwave waveguide and a yttrium iron garnet sphere. We find that, in the presence of the magnetic sphere, the oscillator power spectrum exhibits sidebands flanking the fundamental OEO modes. The measured waveguide transmission reveals anti-crossing gaps, a hallmark of the coupling between the opto-electronic oscillator modes and the Walker modes of the sphere. Experimental results are well reproduced by a coupled-mode theory that accounts for nonlinear magnetostrictive interactions mediated by the magnetic sphere. Leveraging the advanced fiber-optic technologies in opto-electronics, this work lays out a new, hybrid platform for investigating long-distance coupling and nonlinearity in coherent magnonic phenomena.
Field-effect Transistor Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials for Zoonotic Pathogen Detection
Authors: Yahia Faiza , Nasri Farah , Douadji Lyes , Thamri Atef , Wang Deqiang , Tlili Chaker
Published: May 2024

Zoonotic pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, are widely recognized as the primary causative agents of zoonotic diseases. Consequently, the possible consequences of widespread threats to human and animal health pose a risk to livestock productivity, which in turn has the potential to destabilize global food security and economic stability. Indeed, the incidence of zoonotic infections is on the rise due to various factors such as the possible growth of universal travel and trade movement, interconnections among animal and livestock systems, and environmental changes. These effects have facilitated researchers in the development of accurate and robust biosensors to enhance the biological detection of various infections. Notably, nanomaterial-based field effect transistors have shown their potential as point-of-care diagnostic tools owing to the high surface-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials and the sensitivity of FET-based biosensors. This book chapter will mostly examine research results on the advancement of zoonotic pathogen identification using field-effect transistor (FET) nanomaterials.
Direct detection as a probe of platinum nanoparticles encapsulated in MFI zeolite nanocrystallite aggregates
Authors: Liu Yaning , Gao Mengxue , Zhong Chunming , Wu Yi , Liao Xiaoyuan , Lv Shuxiang , Jiang Yan , Li Qiong , Yao Yue
Published: May 2024

XRF combined with EDS offers a wealth of information about the mode of distribution in heterogeneous catalysis for platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) in MFI zeolite nanocrystallite aggregates, thus providing a promising probe of their local structure.
Enhanced fluorescent detection of oxaliplatin via BSA@copper nanoclusters: a targeted approach for cancer drug monitoring
Authors: Alqahtani Yahya S. , Mahmoud Ashraf M. , Ibrahim Hossieny , El-Wekil Mohamed M.
Published: May 2024

A new BSA@CuNC fluorescent probe was designed for selective and sensitive detection of Oxal-Pt. Addition of Oxal-Pt led to fluorescence enhancement through aggregation.
A novel glycosyltransferase from Bacillus subtilis achieves zearalenone detoxification by diglycosylation modification
Authors: Zhou Yuqun , Yang Jiguo , Yu Yuanshan , Tang Yuqian
Published: May 2024

A strain of Bacillus subtilis YQ-1 was screened from corn soil, which can convert ZEN into C19H26O8 and ZEN diglucoside, and a new glycosyltransferase was mined that can catalyze the glycosylation of ZEN and achieve effective detoxification of ZEN.
Development of soy protein isolate gels added with Tremella polysaccharides and psyllium husk powder as 3D printing inks for people with dysphagia
Authors: Liu Fang-Wei , Song Xiao-Xiao , Bian Shui-Gen , Huang Xiao-Jun , Yin Jun-Yi , Nie Shao-Ping
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate feasibility of SPI gels with TP and PHP as 3D printing inks for dysphagia-friendly food, elucidating the role of TP and PHP in enhancing printing and swallowing performance of SPI gels.
Sensing nature's alarm: SnO2/MXene gas sensor unveils methyl jasmonate signatures of plant insect stress
Authors: Kumar Prem , Kataria Sarita , Subaharan Kesavan , Chandel Mahima , Sahu Bandana Kumari , Sharma Parul , Shanmugam Vijayakumar
Published: May 2024

A chemoresistive sensor is developed that selectively identify stress signature volatile methyl jasmonate.
Selenium-enriched hollow NiCo2O4/NiO heterostructured nanocages as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Kale Vaibhav Namdev , Maiyalagan T.
Published: May 2024

In present study, we synthesized MOF-derived Se–NiCo2O4/NiO electrocatalyst to accelerate the OER performance. The electrocatalyst showed remarkable activity for the OER with low overpotential (288 mV) and high stability.
Correction: Magnetic aerogels from FePt and CoPt3 directly from organic solution
Authors: Schoske L. , Lübkemann-Warwas F. , Morales I. , Wesemann C. , Eckert J. G. , Graf R. T. , Bigall N. C.
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Magnetic aerogels from FePt and CoPt3 directly from organic solution’ by L. Schoske et al., Nanoscale, 2024, 16, 4229–4238, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR05892A.
BiTEMPS methacrylate dynamic covalent cross-linker providing rapid reprocessability and extrudability of covalent adaptable networks: high-yield synthesis with strong selectivity for disulfide linkages
Authors: Debsharma Tapas , Purwanto Nathan S. , Fenimore Logan M. , Mitchell Sarah , Kennedy Jayme , Torkelson John M.
Published: May 2024

A dialkylamino disulfide-based dynamic covalent cross-linker (BTMA) was synthesized with high purity and selectivity for disulfides and was used to produce rapidly reprocessable and extrudable covalent adaptable networks with n-hexyl methacrylate.
Exploiting a branched radical polymerization strategy to enhance the degree of grafting onto graphene oxide
Authors: Lee Wai Hin , Bon Stefan A. F.
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of polymer-grafted graphene oxide (GO) using a branched radical polymerization strategy is described.
Archimedean heterologous helixes in Ti10Cd6-oxo nanoclusters: double-helical self-assembly and therapeutic application in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Meng Ling-Cui , Chen Jun-Yi , Feng Zhi-Ming , Jiang Zhan-Guo , Jin Zhigang , Zhan Cai-Hong
Published: May 2024

A unique oblate heterologous Ti10Cd6-oxo cluster helix has been synthesized. The exchange with chiral ligands gives a pair of enantiomerically pure clusters, which exhibit markedly different treatment effects in a C. elegans model of Parkinson's disease.
Formation of compounds with diverse polyelectrolyte morphologies and nonlinear ion conductance in a two-dimensional nanofluidic channel
Authors: Liang Xiaoying , Zhou Yanan , Zhu Weiduo , Xu Wen Wu , Francisco Joseph S. , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Zhao Wenhui
Published: May 2024

Our molecular dynamics simulations revealed diverse polyelectrolyte morphologies in angstrom-scale slits, resulting in intriguing gating effects and nonlinear ionic conductance.
The importance of understanding (pre)catalyst activation in versatile C–H bond functionalisations catalysed by [Mn2(CO)10]
Authors: Eastwood Jonathan B. , Burden Thomas J. , Hammarback L. Anders , Horbaczewskyj Chris , Tanner Theo F. N. , Clark Ian P. , Greetham Gregory , Towrie Michael , Fairlamb Ian J. S. , Lynam Jason M.
Published: May 2024

Vibrational spectroscopy on time scales from picoseconds to hours unveils the activation pathways for the C–H bond functionalisation (pre)catalyst [Mn2(CO)10]. CO-loss, rather than Mn–Mn bond cleavage, give entry into a Mn(i)-based catalytic cycle.
Investing in entropy: the strategy of cucurbit[n]urils to accelerate the intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction of tertiary furfuryl amines
Authors: de la Vega-Hernández Karen , Suero Marcos G. , Ballester Pablo
Published: May 2024

The “Circe effect” in supramolecular catalysis: the investment in entropy of CB[7] upon substrate binding accounts for the acceleration (kincluded/kbulk up to 104!) of the intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction of tertiary furfuryl amines.
In situ polymerization of EDOT onto sulfonated onion-like carbon for efficient pseudocapacitor electrodes
Authors: Bauer Christian , Kirchner Maximilian , Krueger Anke
Published: May 2024

A facile and scalable approach to combine the mechanical and capacitive advantages of onion-like carbon (OLC) with the pseudocapacitance of PEDOT in a templated architecture without dead volume and binder was developed.
A day in the life of a chief data science officer and co-founder of Ignota Labs
Authors: Hosseini-Gerami Layla
Published: May 2024

Layla is a chief data science officer and co-founder of Ignota Labs. Layla studied chemistry and bioinformatics before co-founding Ignota Labs, which focuses on using explainable AI methods to predict, understand, and turnaround safety issues in drug discovery. Layla gives us an insight into working as a Chief Data Science Officer, transitioning from academia to industry and establishing a business.
Asiatic acid rescues intestinal tissue by suppressing molecular, biochemical, and histopathological changes associated with the development of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Lokman Maha S. , Kassab Rami B. , Salem Fatma A.M. , Elshopakey Gehad E. , Hussein Akram , Aldarmahi Ahmed A. , Theyab Abdulrahman , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Hassan Khalid E. , Alsharif Khalaf F. , Albrakati Ashraf , Tayyeb Jehad Z. , El-khadragy Manal , Alkhateeb Mariam A. , Al-Ghamdy Ali O. , Althagafi Hussam A. , Abdel Moneim Ahmed E. , El-Hennamy Rehab E.
Published: May 2024

Asiatic acid (AA) is a polyphenolic compound with potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities that make it a potential choice to attenuate inflammation and oxidative insults associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate if AA can attenuate molecular, biochemical, and histological alterations in the acetic acid-induced UC model in rats. To perform the study, five groups were applied, including the control, acetic acid-induced UC, UC-treated with 40 mg/kg aminosalicylate (5-ASA), UC-treated with 20 mg/kg AA, and UC-treated with 40 mg/kg AA. Levels of different markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were studied along with histological approaches. The induction of UC increased the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream antioxidant proteins [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR)] were down-regulated in the colon tissue. Moreover, the inflammatory mediators [myeloperoxidase (MPO), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] were increased in the colon tissue after the induction of UC. Notably, an apoptotic response was developed, as demonstrated by the increased caspase-3 and Bax and decreased Bcl2. Interestingly, AA administration at both doses lessened the molecular, biochemical, and histopathological changes following the induction in the colon tissue of UC. In conclusion, AA could improve the antioxidative status and attenuate the inflammatory and apoptotic challenges associated with UC.
Cytosolic sulfotransferases in endocrine disruption
Authors: Duffel Michael W.
Published: May 2024

The mammalian cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze the sulfation of endocrine hormones as well as a broad array of drugs, environmental chemicals, and other xenobiotics. Many endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interact with these SULTs as substrates and inhibitors, and thereby alter sulfation reactions responsible for metabolism and regulation of endocrine hormones such as estrogens and thyroid hormones. EDCs or their metabolites may also regulate expression of SULTs through direct interaction with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. Moreover, some sulfate esters derived from EDCs (EDC-sulfates) may serve as ligands for endocrine hormone receptors. While the sulfation of an EDC can lead to its excretion in the urine or bile, it may also result in retention of the EDC-sulfate through its reversible binding to serum proteins and thereby enable transport to other tissues for intracellular hydrolysis and subsequent endocrine disruption. This mini-review outlines the potential roles of SULTs and sulfation in the effects of EDCs and our evolving understanding of these processes.
Acceptability of Racial Microaggressions From the Perspective of Speech-Language Pathology Students
Authors: Coalson Geoffrey A. , Castello Skyller , Johnson Kia N. , Oetting Janna B. , Haebig Eileen
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

Implicit racial and ethnic biases have been documented across a variety of allied health professions; however, minimal research on this topic has been conducted within the field of speech-language pathology. The purpose of this study was to understand implicit racial and ethnic bias in speech-language pathology students by examining their perceptions and attitudes about the acceptability of racial and ethnic microaggressions. We also examined whether the student ratings varied by their racial and ethnic identity (White vs. people of color [POC]).

Method:

Fifty-nine students (72% White, 28% POC) currently enrolled in a speech-language pathology program voluntarily completed the Acceptability of Racial Microaggressions Scale via an online Qualtrics survey.

Results:

Although 70% of the student ratings classified the microaggressive statements as unacceptable, 30% of their ratings classified the statements as either (a) acceptable or (b) neither acceptable nor unacceptable. Although both groups of students rated the majority of statements as unacceptable, students who self-identified as White rated more statements as acceptable than students who self-identified as POC.

Conclusions:

Findings indicating relatively high rejection of microaggressive statements by speech-language pathology students are promising. However, responses were not uniform, and a nontrivial proportion of responses provided by speech-language pathology students reflected passivity toward or active endorsement of microaggressive statements.
Smart grid public datasets: Characteristics and associated applications
Authors: Altamimi Emran , Al‐Ali Abdulaziz , Malluhi Qutaibah M. , Al‐Ali Abdulla K.
Published: May 2024

The development of smart grids, traditional power grids, and the integration of internet of things devices have resulted in a wealth of data crucial to advancing energy management and efficiency. Nevertheless, public datasets remain limited due to grid operators' and companies' reluctance to disclose proprietary information. The authors present a comprehensive analysis of more than 50 publicly available datasets, organised into three main categories: micro‐ and macro‐consumption data, detailed in‐home consumption data (often referred to as non‐intrusive load monitoring datasets or building data) and grid data. Furthermore, the study underscores future research priorities, such as advancing synthetic data generation, improving data quality and standardisation, and enhancing big data management in smart grids. The aim of the authors is to enable researchers in the smart and power grid a comprehensive reference point to pick suitable and relevant public datasets to evaluate their proposed methods. The provided analysis highlights the importance of following a systematic and standardised approach in evaluating future methods and directs readers to future potential venues of research in the area of smart grid analytics.