bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentration, temporal variation and sources of black carbon in the
Mount Everest region retrieved by real-time observation and simulation
Authors: Chen Xintong , Kang Shichang , Cong Zhiyuan , Yang Junhua , Ma Yaoming
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Based on the high-resolution measurement of black carbon (BC) at Qomolangma (Everest) station of Chinese Academy of Sciences during 15 May 2015 to 31 May 2017, we investigated the seasonal and diurnal variations of BC and its potential source regions. Monthly and daily mean BC concentrations reached the highest values in the pre-monsoon season which are at least one magnitude higher than the lowest values in the monsoon season. For the diurnal variation, BC concentrations were significantly greater from mid-night to noon in the pre-monsoon season and showed increasing trend in the afternoon in the non-monsoon seasons, implying the potential contribution from the long-range transport. In the monsoon season, BC concentrations appeared two peaks in the morning and after the noon, might be affected by the local anthropogenic activities. By analyzing the simulation results from the backward air-mass trajectories and the fire spots distribution from the MODIS data, we found that the seasonal cycle of BC was significantly influenced by atmospheric circulation and combustion intensity in the Mt. Everest region. The transport mechanisms of BC were revealed using WRF-Chem simulation during severe pollution episodes. For the pollution event in the monsoon season, BC aerosols in South Asia could be uplifted and transported to the Mt. Everest region by the southward winds in the upper atmosphere. However, for the events in the pre-monsoon season, BC from northern India was brought and concentrated in the southern slope of the Himalayas by the northwesterly winds in the lower atmosphere and then transported across the Himalayas by the mountain-valley wind, while relatively less BC from northwestern India and Central Asia could be transported to the Mt. Everest region by the westerly winds in the upper atmosphere.
Relationship between ionospheric plasma bubble occurrence and lightning strikes over the Amazon region
Authors: Sousasantos Jonas , Sobral José Humberto Andrade , Kherani Esfhan Alam , Saba Marcelo Magalhães Fares , de Campos Diovane Rodolfo
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The vertical coupling between the troposphere and the ionosphere presents
some remarkable features. Under intense tropospheric convection, gravity
waves may be generated, and once they reach the ionosphere, these waves may
seed instabilities and spread F and equatorial plasma
bubble events may take place. Additionally, there is a close association
between severe tropospheric convection and lightning strikes. In this work an investigation covering an equinox period (September–October) during the deep solar minimum (2009) presents the relation between lightning strike activity and spread F (equatorial plasma bubble) detected over a low-latitude Brazilian region. The results show a considerable correlation
between these two phenomena. The common element in the center of this
conformity seems to be the gravity waves. Once gravity waves and lightning
strikes share the same source (intense tropospheric convection) and the
effects of such gravity waves in the ionosphere include the seeding of
instabilities according to the gravity waves magnitude, the monitoring of the
lightning strike activity seems to offer some information about the
subsequent development of spread F over the equatorial region. Keywords. Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere)
PRIMAP-crf: UNFCCC CRF data in IPCC 2006 categories
Authors: Jeffery M. Louise , Guetschow Johannes , Gieseke Robert , Gebel Ronja
Published: March 2018

Abstract. All Annex I Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are required to report domestic emissions on an annual basis in a 'Common Reporting Format' (CRF). In 2015, the CRF data reporting was updated to follow the more recent 2006 guidelines from the IPCC and the structure of the reporting tables was modified accordingly. However, the hierarchical categorisation of data in the IPCC 2006 guidelines is not readily extracted from the reporting tables. In this paper, we present the PRIMAP-crf data as a re-constructed hierarchical dataset according to the IPCC 2006 guidelines. Furthermore, the data is organised in a series of tables containing all available countries and years for each GHG individual gas and category reported. It is therefore readily usable for climate policy assessment, such as the quantification of emissions reduction targets. In addition to single gases, the Kyoto basket of greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, and NF3) is provided according to multiple global warming potentials. The dataset was produced using the PRIMAP emissions module. Key processing steps include; extracting data from submitted CRF Excel spreadsheets, mapping CRF categories to IPCC 2006 categories, constructing missing categories from available data, and aggregating single gases to gas baskets. Finally, we describe key aspects of the data with relevance for climate policy; the contribution of NF₃ to national totals, changes in data reported over subsequent years, and issues or difficulties encountered when processing currently available data. The processed data is available under an Open Data CC BY 4.0 license, and available at doi:10.5880/pik.2018.001.
Atmospheric electricity at Durham: the scientific contributions and legacy of J. A. (“Skip”) Chalmers (1904–1967)
Authors: Aplin Karen L.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. John Alan Chalmers made major contributions to atmospheric electricity over
almost 40 years spent at Durham University, UK. He is particularly remembered
in the atmospheric science community for his accessible and insightful
textbook, Atmospheric Electricity, and his work on corona currents,
which are still regularly cited. He also supervised over 35 research
students. This article discusses his background, scientific contributions,
and significant legacy to modern atmospheric science within the context of a
long and productive career spent at one of England's principal northern
universities.
Inverting Rayleigh surface wave velocities for crustal thickness in eastern Tibet and the western Yangtze craton based on deep learning neural networks
Authors: Cheng Xianqiong , Liu Qihe , Li Pingping , Liu Yuan
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Crustal thickness is an important factor affecting lithosphere structure and deep geodynamics. In this paper, we propose to apply deep learning neural networks called stacked sparse auto-encoder to obtain crustal thickness for eastern Tibet and western Yangtze craton. Firstly taking phase and group velocities of Rayleigh surface wave simultaneously as input and theoretical crustal thickness as output, we construct twelve deep neural networks trained by 70,000 and tested by 30,000 theoretical models. We then invert observed phase and group velocities by these twelve neural networks. Based on test errors and misfits with other crustal thickness models, we select the optimized one as crustal thickness for study areas. Compared with other ways detected crustal thickness such as seismic wave reflection and receiver function, we adopt a new way for inversion of earth model parameters, and realize that deep learning neural network based on data driven with the highly nonlinear mapping ability can be widely used by geophysical inversion method, and our result has good agreement with high-resolution crustal thickness models. We conclude that deep learning neural network is a promising, efficient and believable tool for geophysical inversion.
Carbonaceous material export from Siberian permafrost tracked across the Arctic Shelf using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Sparkes Robert B. , Maher Melissa , Blewett Jerome , Dogrul Selver Ayca , Gustafsson Örjan , Semiletov Igor P. , van Dongen Bart E.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Warming-induced erosion of permafrost from Eastern Siberia mobilises large amounts of organic carbon and delivers it to the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). In this study Raman spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material (CM) was used to characterise, identify and track the most recalcitrant fraction of the organic load. 1463 spectra were obtained from surface sediments collected across the ESAS and automatically analysed for their Raman peaks. Spectra were classified by their peak areas and widths into Disordered, Intermediate, Mildly Graphitised and Highly Graphitised groups, and the distribution of these classes was investigated across the shelf. Disordered CM was most prevalent in a permafrost core from Kurungnakh Island, and from areas known to have high rates of coastal erosion. Sediments from outflows of the Indigirka and Kolyma rivers were generally enriched in Intermediate CM. These different sediment sources were identified and distinguished along an E-W transect using their Raman spectra, showing that sediment is not homogenised on the ESAS. Distal samples, from the ESAS slope, contained greater amounts of Highly Graphitised CM compared to the rest of the shelf, attributable to degradation or, more likely, winnowing processes offshore. The presence of all four spectral classes in distal sediments demonstrates that CM degrades much slower than lipid biomarkers and other traditional tracers of terrestrial organic matter, and shows that alongside degradation of the more labile organic matter component there is also conservative transport of carbon across the shelf toward the deep ocean. Thus, carbon cycle calculations must consider the nature as well as the amount of carbon liberated from thawing permafrost and other erosional settings.
Pesquisa e(m) Artes: uma reflexão sobre a interpretação musical e pesquisa
Authors: Lopes Eduardo
Published: March 2018

A entrada das artes performativas na academia universitária tem levantado questões sobre a relação entre pesquisa tradicional e as áreas artísticas de vertente prática. Na sequência de pesquisa recente sobre este assunto e partindo do contexto do processo de avaliação do desempenho dos docentes da Universidade de Évora – Portugal, este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o posicionamento das artes performativas na academia, em especial do que poderá ser pesquisa sobre prática musical. Propõem-se também que para além da pesquisa em arte/música, o valor intrínseco do conhecimento artístico deverá, por si só, valer o lugar das artes dentro das universidades.
Canto falado no samba e na bossa nova: um estudo de aspectos da relação entre texto e música
Authors: Ricci Gabriela
Published: March 2018

Este artigo apresenta desenvolvimento e resultados da pesquisa de mestrado Samba e bossa nova: um estudo de aspectos da relação texto-música. O objetivo da pesquisa foi buscar, em gravações de samba e bossa nova, elementos linguísticos que caracterizassem o "canto falado", ou seja, o canto no limiar da fala, tendo como base teórica a fonologia prosódica. Selecionamos três canções de cada gênero, nas quais foram analisados: locais em que os intérpretes inseriram pausas em comparação com locais de segmentações fonológicas relevantes para o português brasileiro; acentuação lexical e sua relação com o acúmulo de acentos musicais – tom, duração e tempo métrico –; alinhamento entre melodia, letra e rítmica do acompanhamento instrumental. Os resultados mostraram que os aspectos analisados relacionam-se de maneira a colaborar para a manutenção da prosódia do português brasileiro no canto popular.
Perceived Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Career Development among Undergraduates in South-South Universities in Nigeria: Implication for Counselling
Authors: Akpochafo Grace , Alika Ijeoma
Published: March 2018

This study investigated the perceived impact of entrepreneurship education on career development among undergraduates in south-south universities in Nigeria. To guide the study four research questions were generated and one hypothesis formulated, which was tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study employed an expost facto research design. The population of the study consists of all undergraduates in south-south universities in Nigeria. Sample size consists of 150 students who were randomly drawn and who had undertaken entrepreneurship studies. The main instrument for the study was a questionnaire titled Entrepreneurship Education and career development scale (EECDS). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics for the research questions and t-test for hypothesis. The result showed that there are inadequate facilities and effective teaching and learning of entrepreneurship education in Nigerian universities. Moreover, it was also found that the students were of the view that entrepreneurship education will provide training that would make undergraduates creative and innovative if the programme is properly implemented.
Changes in the Social Networks of Three Women with an Intellectual Disability: A Qualitative Follow-Up Study
Authors: Saarinen Minna , Holm Laura , Uusitalo-Malmivaaara Lotta
Published: March 2018

There is ample evidence to show that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) face an increased risk of being socially excluded. The longer life expectancy of persons with ID carries new challenges. In this paper, we report on a follow-up case study of three Finnish women with ID. The women were interviewed twice (in 1995 and in 2013) and relationship maps were drawn pursuant to the interviews. In all three cases, the density of the relationship maps had decreased. In two cases, intimate relationships had remained or become even closer. In one case, intimate relationships were fewer. External services were inadequate in supporting the women to maintain their social relationships. Resources in the immediate families were decisive in determining their life course which was burdened by several extra obstacles. Some of these obstacles could possibly have been prevented if there had been a more permanent support system. The advantages and disadvantages of service and support paradigms are discussed.
Socially Embedded Academic Emotions in School
Authors: Anttila Henrika , Pyhalto Kirsi , Pietarinen Janne , Soini Tiina
Published: March 2018

School is a central arena for a wide amount of emotions. Previous research on academic emotions has, however, mainly focused on achievement, engagement and teaching, situated in classroom. The social embeddedness, as well as different learning environments of school, continue to be neglected in the research literature. Our study focuses on examining socially embedded academic emotions in school, including emotions described in peer interactions and in teacher-pupil interactions. Furthermore, the aim of the study was to investigate socially embedded academic emotions situated in both informal and formal learning environments. In the study, we combine both qualitative and quantitative methods by using picture tasks and questionnaires. In total, 146 sixth and eighth graders participated in the study. The results of our study showed that the interaction between teachers and peers is a central arena for pupils’ described socially embedded academic emotions in school. Furthermore, our study emphasizes the role of an informal learning environment as an important setting for socially embedded academic emotions. Practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
BV-constructies in de zorgsector: van schijn naar werkelijkheid
Authors: Klaassen A.G.H.
Published: March 2018

BV-constructies in de zorgsector: van schijn naar werkelijkheid

Zijn BV-constructies in de zorgsector in strijd met het verbod op winstuitkering en het bezoldigingsmaximum? Deze vraag kan ontkennend worden beantwoord. Over of het in strijd is met de geest van de relevante wetten kan verschillend worden gedacht. De auteur doet voorstellen tot aanpassing van het wetsvoorstel Wet toetreding zorgaanbieders en de Governancecode Zorg.
Wet versterking positie curator: is de positie van de curator daadwerkelijk versterkt?
Authors: de Kloe H.J. , Ortiz Aldana F.
Published: March 2018

Wet versterking positie curator: is de positie van de curator daadwerkelijk versterkt?

Op 1 juli 2017 is de Wet versterking positie curator in werking getreden. In deze bijdrage wordt onderzocht of de curator er met deze wet rechten en instrumenten bijgekregen heeft en of zijn positie daadwerkelijk is versterkt. De inlichtingen- en medewerkingsplicht in de Faillissementswet wordt geanalyseerd en vergeleken met de situatie vóór de wetswijziging.
Theoretical and Normative Frameworks for Legal Research: Putting Theory into Practice
Authors: Taekema Sanne
Published: March 2018

Theoretical and Normative Frameworks for Legal Research: Putting Theory into Practice

Legal doctrinal scholarship engages with the problems of legal practice: it systematizes, comments on, evaluates and debates what goes on in law. These activities do not occur in a vacuum: they are embedded in scholarly traditions and theories. This paper discusses the role of the theoretical frameworks used in legal research and has two related aims. First, it aims to provide some practical conceptualizations and guidelines regarding theoretical and normative frameworks that are useful to understand and conduct legal research. Second, it aims to investigate the relationships between different kinds of normative frameworks and their relationship to empirical work. In the second part, an argument is made for a pragmatist understanding of the interplay between normative theorizing and empirical study. How do these work together in judgments about the state of the law?
Retraction Notice: Effect of pretreatment temperature on catalytic performance of the catalysts derived from cobalt carbonyl cluster in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: O Byambasuren , D Ulziibayar , D Chiibaatar
Published: March 2018

On 3rd March 2018, the Editorial Board of the Mongolian Journal of Chemistry decided to retract the article entitled "Effect of pretreatment temperature on catalytic performance of the catalysts derived from cobalt carbonyl cluster in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis" because of an authorship dispute. The article was originally published in Vol.17 No.43 2016 pp.38-41. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v17i43.745
The Flow Engine Framework: A cognitive model of optimal human experience
Authors: Šimleša Milija , Guegan Jérôme , Blanchard Edouard , Tarpin-Bernard Franck , Buisine Stéphanie
Published: March 2018

Flow is a well-known concept in the fields of positive and applied psychology. Examination of a large body of flow literature suggests there is a need for a conceptual model rooted in a cognitive approach to explain how this psychological phenomenon works. In this paper, we propose the Flow Engine Framework, a theoretical model explaining dynamic interactions between rearranged flow components and fundamental cognitive processes. Using an IPO framework (Inputs – Processes – Outputs) including a feedback process, we organize flow characteristics into three logically related categories: inputs (requirements for flow), mediating and moderating cognitive processes (attentional and motivational mechanisms) and outputs (subjective and objective outcomes), describing the process of the flow. Comparing flow with an engine, inputs are depicted as flow-fuel, core processes cylinder strokes and outputs as power created to provide motion.
Why is working memory performance unstable? A review of 21 factors
Authors: Blasiman Rachael N. , Was Christopher A.
Published: March 2018

In this paper, we systematically reviewed twenty-one factors that have been shown to either vary with or influence performance on working memory (WM) tasks. Specifically, we review previous work on the influence of intelligence, gender, age, personality, mental illnesses/medical conditions, dieting, craving, stress/anxiety, emotion/motivation, stereotype threat, temperature, mindfulness training, practice, bilingualism, musical training, altitude/hypoxia, sleep, exercise, diet, psychoactive substances, and brain stimulation on WM performance. In addition to a review of the literature, we suggest several frameworks for classifying these factors, identify shared mechanisms between several variables, and suggest areas requiring further investigation. This review critically examines the breadth of research investigating WM while synthesizing the results across related subfields in psychology.
Evaluación del Pensamiento Computacional en Educación Primaria
Authors: De la Fuente Héctor Arranz , Pérez García Adolfina
Published: March 2018

Es sabido que el Pensamiento Computacional carece de un marco de referencia común que determine cuál es su definición y los componentes que la forman (Zapata-Ros, 2015) y este hecho provoca un vacío en el desarrollo de metodologías y herramientas de evaluación (Román, 2015). En consecuencia, existe la necesidad de llevar a cabo estudios que evidencien el efecto del aprendizaje de la programación informática en el desarrollo del Pensamiento Computacional (Zapata-Ros, 2015), ya que estos no abundan entre la literatura especializada (Cearreta, 2015). 

Con la idea de aportar nuevo contenido que ayude a la construcción de conocimiento sobre cómo evaluar el Pensamiento Computacional en alumnos de Educación Primaria, el presente artículo tiene 1 objetivo principal: i) valorar el desarrollo del Pensamiento Computacional a partir del uso de la herramienta Scratch. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un estudio, desde un enfoque descriptivo, con alumnos de Educación Primaria (N=28) donde, a partir del uso de un cuestionario (Cearreta, 2015) como herramienta de recogida de información cuantitativa, realizar un análisis descriptivo de los resultados.

Los resultados presentan indicativos de como el uso de Scratch afecta al desarrollo de las dimensiones (conceptos, prácticas y perspectivas computacionales) del Pensamiento Computacional (Brennan y Resnick, 2012). 
РАДЊЕ ДОКАЗИВАЊА У КРИВИЧНОМ ПОСТУПКУ У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ И ЊИХОВ ЗНАЧАЈ У ОТКРИВАЊУ И ДОКАЗИВАЊУ КРИВИЧНИХ ДЈЕЛА
Authors: Симовић Миодраг , Симовић Владимир
Published: March 2018

Рад је посвећен радњама доказивања у кривичном поступку Босне иХерцеговине (претресање стана, просторија и лица; привремено одузи-мање предмета; поступак са сумњивим стварима; увиђај и реконструк-ција догађаја; испитивање осумњиченог; саслушање свједока и исказвјештака), које служе да би суд на основу њих стекао убјеђење о томе дали постоје или не постоје чињенице које могу да буду од утицаја на њего-ву одлуку. Њихов значај додатно појачава чињеница да, ако су предузетеу складу са законом, резултати добијени њиховим предузимањем могу дасе користе као доказ у кривичном поступку, и на њима може да се заснивасудска одлука. Питање радњи доказивања разматра се из перспективезадатка судова да рјешавају конкретне кривичне предмете, што под-разумијева правилно утврђивање чињеничног стања и примјену одгова-рајућих правних норми. Утврђивање чињеничног стања претпостављада се прикупе одлучне чињенице, онако како су се заиста одиграле у ствар-ности, и закључивање да ли се тако утврђено чињенично стање подудараса стањем описаним у правној норми. Правна оцјена састоји се и у оцје-ни да ли на утврђено чињенично стање треба да се примијени закономпрописана санкција. Посебно се указује на то да је правилно утврђивањечињеница у кривичном поступку основ сваког одлучивања судова, било дасе ради о рјешавању материјалноправних или процесноправних питања,односно о доношењу одлуке о главној ствари или о споредним питањима.
ХРОНИКА ДОГАЂАЈА 2014. ГОДИНЕ НА ПРАВНОМ ФАКУЛТЕТУ УНИВЕРЗИТЕТА У ИСТОЧНОМ САРАЈЕВУ
Authors: Антић Оливер
Published: March 2018

Kрсна слава Правног факултета Универзитета у Источном Сарајеву,Свети Петар Цетињски, и Дан Правног факултета, којима је обиљежено68 година постојања и рада Правног факултета и 20 година од обнављањарада у тогу протеклог рата, прослављени су 31. октобра 2014. године усједишту Правног факултета, у Палама. Овога дана, Правни факултетокупио је угледне званице из академске заједнице, Амбасаде Србије уБосни и Херцеговини, из институција власти Републике Српске, Боснеи Херцеговине, као и јединица локалне самоуправе, те свршене студентепрвог и другог циклуса студија и магистарских студија.
КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ ТРАДИЦИОНАЛНЕ ПРОИЗВОДЊЕ СИРА У МАНАСТИРУ РАКОВИЦА
Authors: Савић Радовановић Р. , Бабић М. , Николић А. , Стајковић Силвана
Published: March 2018

Као једна од најстаријих намирница, сир, због своје хранљиве вредности,заузима важно место у исхрани људи. Производња сира датира из далекепрошлости и имала је значаја у свим цивилизацијама. Сиреви се тради -ционално производе у Србији вековима, представљају културно наслеђе иакумулирано искуствено знање, које се преноси са генерације на генерацију.Историјски гледано, у средњем веку главна места где се одвијала производњасирева били су манастири и феудални поседи, тако да многе групе данашњихсирева потичу из тог времена. У Републици Србији, поред доминантне инду -стријске производње, сиреви се производе у занатским погонима, индиви -дуалним домаћинствима, али се традиционална производња задржала умалим заједницама као што су манастири. Циљ овог рада био је да се опишепроизводња сира у манастиру Раковица, који се налази на територијиБеограда, Република Србија. Сиреви су испитани на присуство L. monocytogenes,коагулаза позитивних стафилокока, одређиван је број бактерија млечнекиселине, ентеробактерија, као и физичкохемијски параметри (сува материја,маст, маст у сувој материји, вода, вода у безмасној материји, киселост, pHвредност, садржај NaCl, активност воде). Снимање технологије изведено јепомоћу анкете састављене од питања, која обједињују основне елементе итехнолошке поступке производње сира. Доминантну микрофлору су чинилебактерије млечне киселине. Средња вредност броја Lactococcus spp. била је 6,34log cfu/g и Lactobacillus spp. 5,49log cfu/g. У испитаним узорцима није доказаноприсуство L. monocytogenes и каогулаза позитивних стафилокока, док je средњавредноста броја Enterobacteriaceae била 4,05 cfu/g. Средња вредност за сувуматерију сира била је 40,19%, за маст у сувој материји сира 39,86%, за воду убезмасној материји 71,21 %, за укупне протеине 14,78%, за киселост 10,80°SH,pH вредност 6,20, за садржај NaCl 0,87% и актвност воде 0,953.
РАСЦЈЕП НЕПЦА (PALATOSCHISIS) КОД ПСА: ПРИКАЗ СЛУЧАЈА
Authors: Параш Г. , Ђурђевић Д. , Параш С. , Лукач Б. , Витковић О. , Чегар И.
Published: March 2018

Једна од веома честих ембрионално развојних аномалија усне дупље кодпаса је расцјеп непца - palatoschisis (lat. palato + gr. schizein). Доказано је да овааномалија настаје као посљедица генетских фактора, али и механичких у токуембриогенезе, као и тератогено токсичних, када изостаје спајање постранихнепчаних изданака код паса. Актуелност лијечењу расцјепа непца пасапретходи чињеница да су штенци са више израженом овом аномалијом упрошлости обавезно еутаназирани. Данас, модернизацијом и напредовањемхирургије, штенци са расцјепом непца могу да преживе и доживе завиднустарост. У нашем случају, штене расе њемачки овчар, старо 7 мјесеци, сарасцјепом непца, подвргли смо хируршком захвату реконструкције овеаномалије. Хируршки захват је протекао по свим стандардним процедурама,анестезија је била инјекциона, а пас је добијао антибиотике преоперативно инакон интервенције. Важно је напоменути да је расцјеп непца код овог штенцабио веома узак и приступачан за реконструкцију, што је увећало шансе зауспјешно изљечење. Конац који је коришћен за спајање расцјепа непца био јересорптивни, што и јесте препорука у оваквим случајевима. Прогнозе заизљечење овог пса од споменутог обољења су добре, што највише зависи однаредног периода раста главе и коначне анатомије.
ДОМИНАНТНЕ ПАТОМОРФОЛОШКЕ ПРОМЕНЕ БУБРЕГА ТОВНИХ СВИЊА
Authors: Давидов И. , Стеванчевић О. , Стојанац Н. , Цинцовић М. , Радиновић М.
Published: March 2018

Бубрези су паренхиматозне грађе и представљају један од најважнијих органау организму животиња. Дуготрајна оштећења доводе до хроничних промена којeсе манифестују атрофијом и фиброзом васкуларног клупка, а секундарно,атрофијом тубула и фиброзом интерстицијума. Истраживање је спроведено упериоду септембар 2014 – март 2015. године, на три индустријске кланице, где јеукупно прегледано 150 товљеника, оба пола, са старошћу од око 180 дана ипросечне масе товљеника 110,5 кг. Са кланице А, од 120 укупно прегледанихбубрега, доминантне промена које су уочене су пасивна хиперемија (42,5%),некроза (10%) иисхемија(7,5%). На кланици Б, од 80 укупно прегледани бубрега,доминантне промена које су уочене су некроза (40%), пасивна хиперемија (17,5%)и исхемија (12,5%). Са кланице В од 100 укупно прегледани бубрега, доминантнепромена које су уочене су цисте (16%) и фоликулане нефритис (16%), исхемија(14%), пасивна хиперемија (12%) и некроза (12%).
The association between elevated serum uric acid levels and islet β-cell function indexes in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Yimeng , Liu Jie , Li Huiqiong , Zhu Hui , Liu Linjie , Yuan Yin , Chen Jing , Wang Ye , Hu Xuemei , Xu Yancheng
Published: March 2018

Background

Serum uric acid (UA) has been reported as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, whether serum UA is associated with insulin resistance and insulin secretion, and the effect of gender on it in the case of the existed association, both remain undefined.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was designed and performed, which enrolled a total of 403 newly diagnosed T2DM patients (mean age, 50.21 ± 13.34 years (62.5% males)). Clinical characteristics and islet function indexes of all participants were analyzed based on gender-specific tertiles of serum UA levels. In addition, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate covariates associated with islet function indexes.

Results

The mean levels of serum UA were 331.05 μmol/L (interquartile range (IQR): 60.6, 400.9 μmol/L) and 267.9 μmol/L (IQR: 204.7, 331.9 μmol/L) in men and women, respectively. The values of insulin secretion indexes involving AUCins30/glu30, AUCins120/glu120 and total insulin disposition index (DI120) in females were significantly higher than those in males. Apart from the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance of men, serum UA was positively associated with insulin secretion and insulin resistance indexes both in men and women. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed serum UA exerted an independent impact on insulin secretion in females, but not on insulin resistance. In males, islet function was simultaneously affected by serum UA age, body mass index (BMI), and serum lipids.

Conclusion

Serum UA harbored a positive correlation with insulin secretion and insulin resistance indexes in newly diagnosed T2DM patients, which was influenced by gender, BMI, serum lipids. Hence, serum UA may be considered as a predictor for islet function in clinical practice.
Last Millennium Meridional Shifts in Hydroclimate in the Central Tropical Pacific
Authors: Higley Melinda C. , Conroy Jessica L. , Schmitt Susan
Published: March 2018

Reconstructing past changes in the spatial structure of tropical Pacific hydroclimate requires archives of past moisture balance across spatial gradients of precipitation. To date, only one, 600‐year, terrestrial record of hydroclimate is available for the central tropical Pacific (CTP) from Washington Lake, Washington Island, limiting the ability to test the hypotheses regarding the location of the CTP Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the last millennium. A new lake sediment record from Lake 30, Kiritimati, Republic of Kiribati, 3° south of Washington Island, provides additional constraints on past CTP ITCZ position. Lake 30 geochemical and sedimentological data indicate an episode of increased microbial mat development and gypsum precipitation from 900 to 1200 CE, coincident with the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA). We infer drier conditions during the MCA at Kiritimati as the Washington Lake proxy record indicates wetter conditions, suggesting that the CTP ITCZ was displaced northward during the MCA relative to its position today. At the transition between the MCA and the Little Ice Age (LIA), Lake 30 sediment becomes predominantly carbonate, suggesting a transition to wetter conditions and a southward shift of the ITCZ relative to its MCA position. However, a tropical Pacific synthesis of hydroclimate‐sensitive proxy records does not point to a consistent spatial or temporal pattern of variability in the MCA and LIA, suggesting multiple influences on centennial‐scale tropical Pacific hydroclimate during the last millennium.
Pore‐Scale Hydrodynamics in a Progressively Bioclogged Three‐Dimensional Porous Medium: 3‐D Particle Tracking Experiments and Stochastic Transport Modeling
Authors: Carrel M. , Morales V. L. , Dentz M. , Derlon N. , Morgenroth E. , Holzner M.
Published: March 2018

Biofilms are ubiquitous bacterial communities that grow in various porous media including soils, trickling, and sand filters. In these environments, they play a central role in services ranging from degradation of pollutants to water purification. Biofilms dynamically change the pore structure of the medium through selective clogging of pores, a process known as bioclogging. This affects how solutes are transported and spread through the porous matrix, but the temporal changes to transport behavior during bioclogging are not well understood. To address this uncertainty, we experimentally study the hydrodynamic changes of a transparent 3‐D porous medium as it experiences progressive bioclogging. Statistical analyses of the system's hydrodynamics at four time points of bioclogging (0, 24, 36, and 48 h in the exponential growth phase) reveal exponential increases in both average and variance of the flow velocity, as well as its correlation length. Measurements for spreading, as mean‐squared displacements, are found to be non‐Fickian and more intensely superdiffusive with progressive bioclogging, indicating the formation of preferential flow pathways and stagnation zones. A gamma distribution describes well the Lagrangian velocity distributions and provides parameters that quantify changes to the flow, which evolves from a parallel pore arrangement under unclogged conditions, toward a more serial arrangement with increasing clogging. Exponentially evolving hydrodynamic metrics agree with an exponential bacterial growth phase and are used to parameterize a correlated continuous time random walk model with a stochastic velocity relaxation. The model accurately reproduces transport observations and can be used to resolve transport behavior at intermediate time points within the exponential growth phase considered.
Biomaterial Scaffolds as Pre‐metastatic Niche Mimics Systemically Alter the Primary Tumor and Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Aguado Brian A. , Hartfield Rachel M. , Bushnell Grace G. , Decker Joseph T. , Azarin Samira M. , Nanavati Dhaval , Schipma Matthew J. , Rao Shreyas S. , Oakes Robert S. , Zhang Yining , Jeruss Jacqueline S. , Shea Lonnie D.
Published: March 2018

Primary tumor (PT) immune cells and pre‐metastatic niche (PMN) sites are critical to metastasis. Recently, synthetic biomaterial scaffolds used as PMN mimics are shown to capture both immune and metastatic tumor cells. Herein, studies are performed to investigate whether the scaffold‐mediated redirection of immune and tumor cells would alter the primary tumor microenvironment (TME). Transcriptomic analysis of PT cells from scaffold‐implanted and mock‐surgery mice identifies differentially regulated pathways relevant to invasion and metastasis progression. Transcriptomic differences are hypothesized to result from scaffold‐mediated modulations of immune cell trafficking and phenotype in the TME. Culturing tumor cells with conditioned media generated from PT immune cells of scaffold‐implanted mice decrease invasion in vitro more than two‐fold relative to mock surgery controls and reduce activity of invasion‐promoting transcription factors. Secretomic characterization of the conditioned media delineates interactions between immune cells in the TME and tumor cells, showing an increase in the pan‐metastasis inhibitor decorin and a concomitant decrease in invasion‐promoting chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in scaffold‐implanted mice. Flow cytometric and transcriptomic profiling of PT immune cells identify phenotypically distinct tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in scaffold‐implanted mice, which may contribute to an invasion‐suppressive TME. Taken together, this study demonstrates biomaterial scaffolds systemically influence metastatic progression through manipulation of the TME.
Influence of CaCO3/glass fiber hybrid fillers on the mechanical and thermal properties of polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Liu Zhitian , Cai Xiong , Ke Xianzhong , You Feng , Zhang Qi , Gao Xiang
Published: March 2018

With the large demand of various types of composite materials, many inorganic fillers have been introduced to polymer matrix to fabricate high‐performance polymer composites. Heavy calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and glass fiber (GF) were selected as two fillers to incorporate into polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix in this work by taking consideration of their low cost and wide sources. Fillers were first modified with paraffin through wet and dry modification technique, and then PTFE/CaCO3 binary composites and PTFE/CaCO3/GF ternary composites were prepared through die pressing and sintering process. Infrared spectroscopic analysis and compatibility test were used to investigate structure changes of the fillers before and after modification. The effect of modification methods on the mechanical properties and thermal properties of composites was investigated. Results revealed that both dry and wet modification methods would improve the elongation at break and tensile strength of PTFE/CaCO3 binary composites, and wet modification method was more efficient in enhancing the mechanical properties than that of other ways. Large differences in mechanical strength appeared between the wet modification and unmodified method for binary composites when CaCO3 content reached 30 wt%. Moreover, the elongation at break for composites with 30 wt% of CaCO3 through wet modification can still exceed 200%. Vicat softening temperature of PTFE/CaCO3 binary composite with 15 wt% of wet‐modified CaCO3 was increased by 138.5% than that of PTFE/CaCO3 binary composite with same content of unmodified CaCO3.
Phase separation of plasticizers in thermally aggregated protein‐based thermoplastics
Authors: Uitto Jussi M. , Verbeek Casparus J. R.
Published: March 2018

Blood meal‐based thermoplastic protein (Novatein) was plasticized with up to 40 parts ethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, or tri(ethylene glycol) per hundred parts blood meal. The effect of plasticizers was investigated by relating the effect of equilibrium moisture content, phase separation, and protein secondary structure to the glass transition temperature and the mechanical properties. Plasticizers can diffuse through the polymer network and either be part of a protein‐rich phase where primary plasticization dominates or a plasticizer‐rich phase where secondary plasticization dominates. Equilibrium moisture content and added theoretical hydrogen bonding sites had the strongest correlation with the results. The point at which the equilibrium moisture content reached an equivalent moisture content (POE) to that of compositions without a plasticizer was found to be a critical point at which plasticization changes from primary to secondary, with a corresponding change in mechanical properties from brittle to ductile.
Children with sickle cell anemia with normal transcranial Doppler ultrasounds and without silent infarcts have a low incidence of new strokes
Authors: Jordan Lori C. , Roberts Williams Dionna O. , Rodeghier Mark J. , Covert Greene Brittany V. , Ponisio Maria R. , Casella James F. , McKinstry Robert C. , Noetzel Michael J. , Kirkham Fenella J. , Meier Emily R. , Fuh Beng , McNaull Melissa , Sarnaik Sharada , Majumdar Suvankar , McCavit Timothy L. , DeBaun Michael R.
Published: March 2018

In a prospective cohort study, we tested the hypothesis that children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) with normal transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) velocities and without silent cerebral infarcts (SCIs) would have a lower incidence rate of new neurological events (strokes, seizures or transient ischemic attacks) compared to children with normal TCD measurements and SCIs, not receiving regular blood transfusions. Nonrandomized participants from the silent cerebral infarct transfusion (SIT) Trial who had screening magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and normal TCD measurements were included. Follow‐up ended at the time of first neurological event (stroke, seizure or transient ischemic attack), start of regular blood transfusion, or loss to follow‐up, whichever came first. The primary endpoint was a new neurological event. Of 421 participants included, 68 had suspected SCIs. Mean follow‐up was 3.6 years. Incidence rates of new neurological events in nontransfused participants with normal TCD values with SCIs and without SCIs were 1.71 and 0.47 neurological events per 100 patient‐years, respectively, P = .065. The absence of SCI(s) at baseline was associated with a decreased risk of a new neurological event (hazard ratio 0.231, 95% CI 0.062‐0.858; P = .029). Local pediatric neurologists examined 67 of 68 participants with suspected SCIs and identified 2 with overt strokes classified as SCIs by local hematologists; subsequently one had a seizure and the other an ischemic stroke. Children with SCA, without SCIs, and normal TCD measurements have a significantly lower rate of new neurological events when compared to those with SCIs and normal TCD measurements. Pediatric neurology assessment may assist risk stratification.
Solid‐State Photodimerization of Azaanthracene Derivative Based on a [4+4] Cycloaddition
Authors: Wang Ruizhi , Liu Hui , Li Jiaofu , Tian Jiayuan , Li Zhibo , Zhao Yingjie
Published: March 2018

A water‐soluble photoactive azaanthracene derivative was synthesized. Its structure was determined by single‐crystal XRD analysis. Then, [4+4] photodimerizations were studied both in solution and in the solid state. Owing to the suitable preorganization of the monomers, solid‐state photodimerization was realized in quantitative yield with high selectivity.
A case of intestinal obstruction due to inflammatory changes in the small intestine from alkaline ingestion
Authors: Maruhashi Takaaki , Hanajima Tasuku , Nakatani Kento , Hattori Jun , Takeuchi Ichiro , Kataoka Yuichi , Asari Yasushi
Published: March 2018

Case

Alkaline ingestion frequently causes corrosive esophagitis but rarely causes lower digestive tract injury. In this case, a 79‐year‐old man accidentally drank kitchen detergent. After 3 h, lower abdominal pain occurred and gradually worsened. He was taking a proton pump inhibitor after proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. He had local tenderness in the left lower abdomen. Abdominal computed tomography showed expansion of the small intestine, thickening of the intestinal wall, and inflammatory changes. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed no obvious injury to the esophagus or stomach.

Outcome

Conservative treatment with an ileus tube was undertaken for intestinal obstruction caused by alkaline ingestion. There were no complications, such as gastrointestinal perforation, and he was discharged on day 17.

Conclusion

Alkaline ingestion may cause injuries not only to the upper but also to the lower digestive tract in patients who are taking proton pump inhibitors or have had gastrectomy.
Kombinierte nicht‐invasive PIXE/PIGE‐Analysen von aurignacienzeitlichen Objekten aus Mammutelfenbein bedeutender archäologischer Fundstätten
Authors: Reiche Ina , Heckel Claire , Müller Katharina , Jöris Olaf , Matthies Tim , Conard Nicholas J. , Floss Harald , White Randall
Published: March 2018

Mammutelfenbein hatte in den frühesten Gesellschaften des Homo sapiens in Eurasien (=Aurignacien‐Phase des frühen Jungpaläolithikums, 40 000–30 000 uncal. BP) eine große soziale und wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. Elfenbein war in dieser Zeit ein begehrter Rohstoff bei der Herstellung von Schmuckobjekten sowie der ältesten plastischen figurativen Kunst. Diese Zuschrift diskutiert die Ergebnisse von Mikro‐PIXE/PIGE‐Analysen an Artefakten aus Mammutelfenbein sowie an deren Fragmenten von fünf bedeutenden Aurignacien‐Fundstellen, für die eine Nutzung von Elfenbein belegt ist. Spezifische Muster variabler Fluor‐Gehalte weisen auf regional unterschiedliche Strategien zur Beschaffung von Elfenbein hin und lassen Unterschiede in den Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Mensch und Mammut erkennen. Biogene Spurenelementgehalte (Br, Sr, Zn), die in den Fundstücken konserviert sind, erlauben Rückschlüsse auf die Herkunft des genutzten Elfenbeins.
Synthesis of an Iron(IV) Aqua–Oxido Complex Using Ozone as an Oxidant
Authors: Schaub Stefan , Miska Andreas , Becker Jonathan , Zahn Stefan , Mollenhauer Doreen , Sakshath Sadashivaiah , Schünemann Volker , Schindler Siegfried
Published: March 2018

The iron(IV) oxido complex [(tmc)Fe=O(OTf)]OTf with the macrocyclic ligand 1,4,8,11‐tetramethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclo‐tetradecane (tmc) has been synthesized using ozone as an oxidant. By adding water to this compound the complex [(H2O)(tmc)Fe=O)](OTf)2 could be prepared. This complex is important in regard to a better understanding of the reactivity of FeIV oxido complexes. Mössbauer measurements using the solid compound showed an isomer shift of δ=0.19 mm s−1 and a quadrupole splitting ΔEQ=1.38 mm s−1, confirming the high‐valent FeIV state. DFT calculations were performed and led to an assignment of triplet spin multiplicity. Crystallographic characterization of [(H2O)(tmc)Fe=O)](OTf)2 as well as of starting materials [(tmc)Fe(CH3CN)](OTf)2 and [(tmc)Fe(OTf)]OTf together with previous results strongly suggest that [(H2O)(tmc)Fe=O)](OTf)2 was formed similar to the oxido–hydroxido tautomerism analogous to heme systems.
Combined Non‐invasive PIXE/PIGE Analyses of Mammoth Ivory from Aurignacian Archaeological Sites
Authors: Reiche Ina , Heckel Claire , Müller Katharina , Jöris Olaf , Matthies Tim , Conard Nicholas J. , Floss Harald , White Randall
Published: March 2018

Among the earliest Homo sapiens societies in Eurasia, the Aurignacian phase of the Early Upper Paleolithic, approximately 40 000–30 000 years ago, mammoth ivory assumed great social and economic significance, and was used to create hundreds of personal ornaments as well as the earliest known works of three‐dimensional figurative art in the world. This paper reports on the results of micro‐PIXE/PIGE analyses of mammoth‐ivory artifacts and debris from five major sites of Aurignacian ivory use. Patterns of variable fluorine content indicate regionally distinctive strategies of ivory procurement that correspond to apparent differences in human–mammoth interactions. Preserved trace elements (Br, Sr, Zn) indicate that differences at the regional level are applicable to sourcing Paleolithic ivory at the regional scale.
LaSr3NiRuO4H4: A 4d Transition‐Metal Oxide–Hydride Containing Metal Hydride Sheets
Authors: Jin Lun , Lane Michael , Zeng Dihao , Kirschner Franziska K. K. , Lang Franz , Manuel Pascal , Blundell Stephen J. , McGrady John E. , Hayward Michael A.
Published: March 2018

The synthesis of the first 4d transition metal oxide–hydride, LaSr3NiRuO4H4, is prepared via topochemical anion exchange. Neutron diffraction data show that the hydride ions occupy the equatorial anion sites in the host lattice and as a result the Ru and Ni cations are located in a plane containing only hydride ligands, a unique structural feature with obvious parallels to the CuO2 sheets present in the superconducting cuprates. DFT calculations confirm the presence of S=
 Ni+ and S=0, Ru2+ centers, but neutron diffraction and μSR data show no evidence for long‐range magnetic order between the Ni centers down to 1.8 K. The observed weak inter‐cation magnetic coupling can be attributed to poor overlap between Ni 3d
and H 1s in the super‐exchange pathways.