bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Title "σωτήρ" in Ancient Culture and Biblical Discourse: on the problem of semantic evolution of the concept
Authors: Babaeva Anastasiya Valentinovna , Vozhdaev Alexander  Anatolyevich
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of semantic evolution of pagan terminology in Christian theology. A specific token becomes the subject of consideration "σωτήρ", which has gone through a long history of semantic transformation: from the savior to earthly adversities and misfortunes in the pagan world (natural objects, people, mythological creatures could act as saviors and even the gods) to the Savior of human souls in Christianity. The authors demonstrate how the content of the concept was modified and how, along with the religious meaning, a political component emerged and established itself in the structure of meaning by the Hellenistic era, and then was again pushed into the background. It is suggested that the political connotations are caused not so much by the "power ambitions" of the Church, but, firstly, by the socio-cultural context in which Christianity arose, and, secondly, by the specifics of the pagan worldview in which the idea of sacralizing power was rooted. The task of the authors, who worked with rather archaic material, was not only to reveal the logic of semantic shifts, to understand how Christian theology could become heard in the space of pagan culture. The authors believe that the success of Christian preaching was not least due to the cognitive strategies chosen by the Church, which were directly poisoned by pagan concepts in the work.
About the specifics of mythodesign in social networks
Authors: Darchinov Edgar Vadimovich
Published: October 2024

The object of the study is the technology of mythodesign. Today, it is actively used by the "electronic nomads" on their own social networks accounts, leading to the transformation of his worldview and perception of himself. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the changes of a "nomad" who divert the reality because of the large amount of time spent on social networks. The research methods are analytical and phenomenological. As a result of the analysis of the problem, it was revealed that in modern times mythodesign is becoming a popular technology, the development of which is not difficult. With the help of mythodesign, electronic nomads construct myths that create spaces for communication, and images in the form of photographs or small videos. Mythodesign includes two elements – a myth and an image. The myth highlights a fantasy element that allows you to convey the plot more vividly and draw attention to the "electronic nomad". The image in social networks is a construct with staged features, which allows hiding the real face of the "electronic nomad"; the "nomad", wanting popularity, erases his real image replacing it by an avatar. As a result, the external success hides the internal crisis of the "nomad". But, experiencing psychological discomfort, the "electronic nomad" is unable to critically approach the situation and even avoids such an action. As a result, the social pages of "electronic nomads" are virtual biographies, which only partially reflect the real life of a person.
Aspects of Romantic Mentality: Ludwig Tieck
Authors: Bychkov Victor
Published: October 2024

Aesthetic views of Ludwig Tieck, one of the prominent Romantics, are analyzed and explored. The article uses a complex philosophical-aesthetic method of analyzig texts. It shows that Tieck demonstrates the high status of art (according to him, it exceeds human abilities) using the example of painting. In the process of creative activity the painter lives an enlightened life that is different from ordinary life. He contemplates alternative worlds that are similar to the worlds of dreams and phantasies and attempts to portray them in his creations. The painter sees all that he depicts as a reality, which, according to Tieck, harmonizes the human being with him or herself and with the entire world. Tieck pays a special attention to landscape painting as it expresses the beauty of the world in which God manifests himself to the world. Tieck’s aesthetics pays significant attention to the sources of realist art. Tieck claims that art is useless in a utilitarian sense. In its essence it is symbolic and it elevates the human spirit over mundane reality. Tieck outlines a Romantic ideal of the woman, which lies at the foundation of many Romantic works, especially literature. The poet uses inspiration in his creativity, which Tieck elevates to prophecy. The basis of artistic creativity is the irrational, which is nevertheless arranged by reason. “Sensory joy” and “tendency to pain and suffering” are important in poetry. However, upon this sensory foundation the poet creates a sublime work that is aimed at the invisible and heavenly. Overall, Tieck reveals both the otherworldly character of poetry and its patriotic and nationalist foundations. He creates one of the paradigms of Romantic irony. Tieck’s aesthetics demonstrates essential aspects of Romantic creativity.
Calligraphic graffiti of Tsang Tsou Choi, King of Kowloon, as a phenomenon of art and popular culture in China
Authors: Li Ningxuan
Published: October 2024

The object of this research is the mass culture and art of China in the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries. The subject of the study is the calligraphic graffiti of Tsang Tsou Choi, the so–called "king of Kowloon", as a phenomenon of art and mass culture in modern China. During the consideration of the topic, questions are raised about the degree of study of the issues under consideration, the problems of research are outlined, the stages of formation of Tsang Tsou Choi as an icon of culture and art of Hong Kong are analyzed. The article traces the content of the artist's work, gives an idea of the specifics of the perception of his works in the mass consciousness, in addition, describes the transformation of the perception of his street calligraphic inscriptions in the context of historical and cultural processes that took place in Hong Kong in the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries. The main methods of the study were historical, cultural, systemic and functional analysis, which allowed us to create an idea of the calligraphic graffiti of Tsang Tsou Choi as a phenomenon of art and mass culture in modern China. For the first time in Russian science, the work attempts to highlight the phenomenon of calligraphic graffiti of King Kowloon and trace their influence on the art world and mass consciousness of Hong Kong in the context of historical and cultural processes that took place in Hong Kong in the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries. The study concludes that for Hong Kong residents, Tsang Tsou Choi's street calligraphy has become a discovery and inspiration, inspiring perseverance and determination in the struggle for their ideals in an era of great change. It is also important that his inscriptions embodied a unique collective memory: they touched on topics that traditionally remained unspoken, such as, for example, the history of mass dispossession. They became a statement that nothing is forgotten. Despite being declared an outsider in academic calligraphy circles, his fame only grew on the streets. Obviously, in the years leading up to the handover of Hong Kong to China, his naive activism became an expression of the general mood of the era. Thus, his figure gained importance not so much as a calligrapher, but as a pioneer of political graffiti.
Pentecostalism: the problem of definition
Authors: Tsys Aleksei Vladimirovich
Published: October 2024

In just a century, the Pentecostal movement has become a numerical force in world Christianity and the largest movement in Protestantism. But there are many different movements recognised by scholars as ‘Pentecostalism’, and there is absolutely no uniformity among these movements. There is no single form of Pentecostalism, nor are there clear theological criteria by which it can be defined. Researchers wonder whether it is even possible to speak of global Pentecostalism as a single phenomenon. It is similarly impossible to define what Pentecostalism is without understanding how the movement originated. Until recently, the historiography of the movement has been based on North American history, but recent research has increased the complexity of defining Pentecostalism. This paper examines the following scholarly approaches to defining Pentecostalism: phenomenological, historical, sociological, theological, and global perspective approaches. These approaches do not exclude each other, but are interdependent and complementary. As a result, it is shown that through the ‘global perspective’ approach Pentecostalism can be defined as a global network movement. From the historical and theological approaches, it is revealed that Pentecostalism cannot be seen as a movement with a clear beginning in the USA or elsewhere, nor as a movement based on one particular theology. It is a movement in constant flux, whose followers' spirituality is expressed in a constant search for an “experience of the Spirit” and spiritual gifts. It is a movement that took several years and several different formative ideas and events to emerge, a movement that from its inception has had a global character. It is therefore best thought of as an early 20th century Protestant global networking movement with an emphasis on the ‘experience of the Spirit’ and the application of spiritual gifts.
Philosophy in Roman society of the late Ist –early IInd centuries AD.
Authors: Danilova Valeria
Published: October 2024

The subject of research in this article is the role of philosophy in the life of Roman society in the late Ist – early IInd centuries AD. The period of the reign of Emperor Domitian (81-96), Nerva (96-98) and Trajan (98-117) is considered. The author sets himself the following tasks: firstly, to determine how strong the influence of philosophical teachings on the political views of Roman citizens was; secondly, to analyze the role of philosophy in the worldview and behavior of the Romans in other spheres of life other than political; thirdly, to consider the relationship between the ideas of Greek philosophy and Roman ideas and traditions. To achieve this goal, the works of Roman authors Tacitus, Pliny the Younger, and Juvenal were studied in the original language. Fragments in which philosophy and philosophers are mentioned are identified and analyzed, and their comparison with each other is carried out. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the period of the late Ist –early IInd centuries AD was not the subject of independent research in terms of the influence of philosophical ideas on Roman society. The political situation influenced the spread of philosophy. Under Domitian, philosophers were expelled from Rome, freedom of speech was not allowed, and under Nerva and Trajan, philosophers returned to Rome, and the number of followers increased. The listeners of the philosophers were both well-educated representatives of the upper classes, as well as less educated and less noble people. The fashion arose to imitate philosophers without a serious passion for philosophy. Stoicism was the most popular teaching. Its ideas and Roman traditional values crossed in relation to virtues, in the question of suicide. The attitude of representatives of the Roman nobility towards stoicism in the political plan was ambiguous.
Social structure of post-war students: experience in processing data from personal files from the archive of the Pskov Pedagogical Institute
Authors: Shtatskaya Angelina Mikhailovna
Published: October 2024

The article is a review of data on the social structure of the post-war students of the historical and literary faculties of the Pskov State Pedagogical Institute (graduated in 1948–1953). The source of the data presented in the article was documents from 282 students’ personal files stored in the archives of Pskov State University. First of all, these are documents such as autobiographies, personal cards, questionnaires, characteristics and statements. Information from students' personal files was processed using the method of quantitative data analysis, produced using the Microsoft Access database management system, as well as special scientific methods of historical research. Data processing and analysis were carried out according to four categories generally accepted in Soviet period: “employees”, “peasants”, “workers”, “priests”. In addition, the article provides information about the social mobility of students’ parents, their party affiliation, the level of positions held, as well as cases of political repression. The research demonstrates the scientific perspective of university archives, their value, volume and role in the reconstruction of sociocultural transformations through which generations of students of the 20th century went. Despite the fact that the current level of development of information technology makes it possible to compile, store and analyze databases based on socio-demographic characteristics presented in student personal files, such scientific work has not become a widespread practice in Russian historiography. The article compares the results of this study with a study of the collective portrait of students at the Faculty of History of Moscow State University, based on the analysis of socio-demographic data from the personal files of students of the post-war period.
Information systems for remote access to documents of regional archives of the Russian Federation
Authors: Stepanova Polina Andreevna , Bryukhanova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2024

In the era of digital development, one of the key activities of archival institutions is the organization of remote access to archival documents. Archives are being converted into electronic form and expand the capabilities of the scientific reference apparatus, independently or jointly with partners they create electronic exhibitions, digital collections, as well as information resources dedicated to the most relevant and in-demand topics. A definite trend in the field of archival business is the development of information systems for remote access to scientific reference equipment and electronic copies of archival documents. Such archival resources are of great scientific and public importance and are of interest to researchers. The main task of the study was to identify regional information systems, describe their capabilities for searching and online access to digitized archival documents.  The research is based on a systematic approach to the study of information resources of the archival industry, the main methods are heuristic, comparative, systematization and generalization. The study consistently examined the official websites and portals of archival management bodies and state archives of the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as regional genealogical projects created with the participation of archives. The main result of the study was a list of information systems for remote access to documents of regional state archives. Information systems were reviewed by federal districts. The leaders in the field of archival informatization can be called the Central and Northwestern Federal Districts, as well as individual regions (Tyumen, Novosibirsk Regions, Krasnoyarsk Territory). The most promising is the creation of multifunctional information systems that provide a wide range of archival services: from online work with a scientific reference device to a remote order for digitization of any archival document. The created list of remote access information systems is aimed at expanding research opportunities for searching and online work with digitized historical documents, as well as popularization of the archival heritage of the regions of the Russian Federation.
Is the weakening of the magnetic field in space associated with the risk of errors in the activities of astronauts?
Authors: Kaspranski Rustem Ramilevich , Binhi Vladimir Nikolaevich , Koshel Ivan Vladimirovich
Published: October 2024

The number of biomedical studies where the observed effects are determined by the laws of quantum physics is constantly growing. These include respiration, vision, smell, photosynthesis, mutations, etc., united by name "quantum biology". The effect on organisms of magnetic fields, including those weakened in comparison with the geomagnetic field, is one of such studies. The magnetic field can act only on magnetic moments, the most important representative of which is the electron. The magnetic field changes the quantum dynamics of electrons in the body, which ultimately leads to the observed reactions at the biochemical and behavioral levels. Organisms on Earth have evolved in a geomagnetic field, which means that its absence can cause disturbances in the normal functioning of organisms. Indeed, there are more than two hundred scientific publications on this topic. Today, it has been reliably established that the hypomagnetic field can change the functioning of organisms from bacteria and fungi to mammals and humans. In deep space flight and in future missions to the Moon and Mars, astronauts will be in a hypomagnetic field, which is less than a natural geomagnetic field by more than a hundred times. Such a weakening of the magnetic field is associated with an additional risk. This mini review provides initial information about the levels of the magnetic field on Earth, in near and distant outer space, and on the surfaces of the Moon and Mars. Information is provided on the hypomagnetic field effects on the human body and about the mechanisms of such effects. It is reported about the features of research in magnetobiology that require special statistical methods for processing the results. The complexity of creating a hypomagnetic field in volumes sufficient to accommodate the human body is discussed. The primary tasks in this relatively new research field are formulated.
Oral reading promotes predictive processing in Chinese sentence reading: eye movement evidence
Authors: Chang Min , Pu Zhenying , Wang Jingxin
Published: October 2024

Background

Fluent sentence reading is widely acknowledged to depend on top-down contextual prediction, wherein sentential and contextual cues guide the pre-activation of linguistic representations before encountering stimuli, facilitating subsequent comprehension. The Prediction-by-Production hypothesis posits an explanation for predictive processes in language comprehension, suggesting that prediction during comprehension involves processes associated with language production. However, there is a lack of eye movement evidence supporting this hypothesis within sentence reading contexts. Thus, we manipulated reading mode and word predictability to examine the influence of language production on predictive processing.

Methods

Participants engaged in silent or oral reading of sentences containing either high or low-predictable target words. Eye movements were recorded using the Eyelink1000 eye tracker.

Results

The findings revealed a higher skipping rate and shorter fixation times for high-predictable words compared to low-predictable ones, and for silent compared to oral reading. Notably, interactive effects were observed in the time measures (FFD, SFD, GD) during first-pass reading, indicating that word predictability effects were more pronounced during oral reading than silent reading.

Discussion

The observed pattern of results suggests that the activation of the production system enhances predictive processing during the early lexical access, providing empirical support for the Prediction-by-Production hypothesis in eye movement sentence reading situations, extending the current understanding of the timing and nature of predictions in reading comprehension.
El Patio de Atrás. Habitar y reconfigurar el interior de manzana en Santiago Centro
Authors:   , Martín Saumann Collados
Published: October 2024

El centro histórico de Santiago, activo, intenso y siempre en movimiento, nos muestra una cara visible que ha sido fruto e interés del desarrollo arquitectónico durante décadas. Como contraparte, en los interiores de las manzanas –la cara invisible– se evidencia una renuncia al diseño de la ciudad, convirtiéndose en un espacio introspectivo y excluido del paisaje urbano. Se propone que esta subordinación del interior de manzana respecto de su frente puede leerse como un patio de atrás de la ciudad; un área resultante de la densificación a nivel de lote así como también un espacio al cual se le asigna un rol de servicio. No obstante, se identifica un valor latente en este patio de atrás urbano desde la posibilidad de acoger una función de remanso y de cobijo ante el ajetreo público que se vive hacia el exterior de la manzana. Esto último cobra gran relevancia desde la lectura de tres grandes crisis que afectan hoy al centro histórico de Santiago: de suelo, referida a su escasez, carácter residual e irregularidad en fondos prediales; de vivienda, dada un alza en el uso residencial del centro en un contexto de preexistencias altamente consolidadas; y de lo común, desde la carencia de espacios propios para el desarrollo de una dimensión colectiva y doméstica de la ciudad que medie entre lo privado y lo público. Supone entonces desafío para esta investigación buscar un nuevo modelo de densificación a escala de manzana que se haga cargo de las presentes crisis mencionadas, al mismo tiempo que genera un aporte al carácter urbano del centro de Santiago. Se propondrá que al invertir las prioridades actuales del diseño de la ciudad –esto es, tomando el vacío interior como objeto de diseño y lo edificado como forma resultante– se logran activar espacios residuales y niveles en desuso en pos de generar un entorno ameno para la vivienda y programas asociados a una escala doméstica.
Integración de Arquetipos Locales en Edificios de Madera en Altura: Confort Térmico e Identidad Local en la Región del Maule
Authors:   , Cornejo Valenzuela María Jesús
Published: October 2024

El presente trabajo de tesis se centra en evaluar y proponer estrategias arquitectónicas innovadoras que incorporen elementos propios de la arquitectura local de Curicó en el diseño contemporáneo de edificios de madera en altura, con el fin de mejorar el confort ambiental de estos espacios. Los objetivos específicos incluyen investigar los elementos característicos de la arquitectura vernácula de Curicó, evaluar el desempeño térmico de un edificio de madera en altura en la región, diseñar propuestas arquitectónicas que integren estos elementos, realizar mediciones en prototipos y proponer recomendaciones para futuros proyectos.
Avaliação da eficiência na cadeia de abastecimento ecologicamente responsável com base em questões ambientais, sociais e de governança (ASG)
Authors: Ferigato Evandro , Santos Osmildo Sobral dos , Souza Suzy Mary Nunes Lopes de , Lima Douglas Leonardo , Messias José Flavio , Estender Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2024

Com o objetivo de simultaneamente reduzir as emissões de carbono e promover o desenvolvimento social, a dimensão Ambiental, Social e Governança (ASG), conhecida como ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance), desempenha um papel de destaque na gestão da cadeia de abastecimento. A metodologia de pesquisa empregada neste estudo baseia-se em uma revisão sistemática abrangente da literatura acadêmica e empresarial. Este estudo adota uma abordagem teórica de revisão de literatura e não se aprofunda em análises estatísticas. A principal questão abordada é: Como é possível avaliar a eficiência numa cadeia de abastecimento ecologicamente responsável, tendo em conta os pilares Ambiental, Social e de Governança, e como esta avaliação pode ser otimizada para direcionar de forma mais eficaz as práticas de gestão sustentável? Para atingir este propósito, os objetivos específicos incluem a revisão do Referencial Teórico, a identificação de tendências e desafios, a proposição de melhorias nas práticas de avaliação e a contribuição para a compreensão acadêmica e prática. Os resultados são apresentados em termos de tendências, conceitos-chave e abordagens teóricas extraídas de pesquisas bibliográficas. Conclui-se que a avaliação da eficiência na cadeia de abastecimento ecologicamente responsável, ancorada em questões ASG, é de extrema relevância, embora seja reconhecida a existência de limitações específicas. Sugerimos que futuras investigações explorem este tema para obter uma compreensão mais profunda através de estudos empíricos.
É prática, paixão ou consumo? Um estudo sobre o comportamento de consumo de praticantes do Mountain Bike (MTB)
Authors: Ferreira Cassiano de Andrade , Silva Antônio Cléber da , Souza Júlio Cesar Mendes , Garcia André Spuri , Carvalho João Francisco Sarno
Published: October 2024

Este estudo investigou o comportamento de consumo de praticantes de Mountain Bike (MTB) das regiões Sul, Centro-Oeste e Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de compreender como as práticas sociais e o envolvimento com o esporte influenciam o consumo. A pesquisa utilizou a Teoria da Prática como base teórica para analisar a interação entre os elementos materiais, competências e significados na vida dos praticantes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários aplicados a 214 respondentes e analisados utilizando a modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados indicam que o estilo de vida dos ciclistas está fortemente relacionado ao consumo de equipamentos de alta qualidade, buscando conforto, segurança e desempenho. Além disso, as práticas de MTB geram tanto sensações positivas, como liberdade e contato com a natureza, quanto negativas, como medo e angústia, especialmente relacionadas aos custos elevados da prática. Conclui-se que o comportamento de consumo dos praticantes está intrinsecamente ligado ao envolvimento com a prática esportiva e às suas necessidades materiais e emocionais.
Recomendações para o desenvolvimento de materiais em Linguagem Simples
Authors: Cardoso Eduardo , Viaro Felipe Schneider , Andrade Fabrício Dias de
Published: October 2024

A Linguagem Simples é reconhecida como uma ferramenta importante no acesso à informação e inclusão, favorecendo a participação cidadã, o acesso a serviços essenciais, a inclusão digital e o empoderamento individual. Ao verificar a necessidade da implementação de materiais que consideram as premissas da Linguagem Simples, o objetivo deste trabalho é o de sintetizar recomendações de projeto que auxiliem no desenvolvimento de materiais em Linguagem Simples. As recomendações projetuais são desenvolvidas através do levantamento, análise e organização de princípios, diretrizes e parâmetros de Linguagem Simples em orientações projetuais. Como resultado, tem-se o conjunto de recomendações projetuais organizadas de acordo com 4 princípios encontrados na ISO 24495-1: relevância; fácil de compreender; fácil de encontrar; e fácil de utilizar. As recomendações projetuais sintetizadas podem ser utilizadas como base para a aplicação da Linguagem Simples e para propostas de processos projetuais, bem como para a formação e capacitação nos diferentes campos, na perspectiva de alcançar e incluir mais pessoas à informação.
Eco Friendly Management of Alternaria Blight Disease: A Review
Authors: Deka Bhaskar , Upamanya Gunadhya Kumar , Baruah Randeep Malla Buzar
Published: October 2024

The World is passing through a critical phase of climate change and its effect on the ecosystem. It can be related to growing plant diseases that are becoming more and more important because of the losses they cause. So controlling plant disease is very crucial looking at the growing population and availability of arable land. Alternaria leaf spot or leaf blight caused by different species of Alternaria is a major threat to growing crops mostly vegetables. It can lead to yield losses ranging from 20% to 80% worldwide. Chemical fungicides have been effectively managing this disease, but their extensive use has raised concerns due to adverse impacts on environmental and human health. There is an increasing demand for sustainable and eco- friendly management to combat the disease. Some emerging approaches offer promising alternatives to chemical control like the use of biocontrol agents (e.g., Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas), plant-derived products (e.g., neem extracts, essential oils), and disease-resistant varieties, etc. These alternative and eco-friendly methods not only give long-term sustainability in agricultural production but also reduce the environmental hazards associated with the overuse of fungicides. So this review sheds light on the importance of an integrated disease management approach that can be employed in diverse agroclimatic conditions, aiming to reduce the impact of Alternaria spp. on crop productivity, improving global ecosystem health and a greener environment.
Construction of a Knowledge Test to Measure the Level of Knowledge of Farmers on Geographical Indications in Agriculture
Authors: T.P. Anseera , Alex Jiju P.
Published: October 2024

Geographical Indication (GI), which indicates the unique geographical origin of a product, is protected as one of the categories of intellectual property items included under Article 22 of the TRIPs Agreement. It insists on the quality, reputation, or other characteristic of the good, which are attributable to its geographical origin. Geographical Indications are valued in the market because of the uniqueness of quality parameters or the processes involved in production. As GIs have the potential to enhance market opportunities of the producer communities and other stakeholders, they must have sound knowledge of various aspects of this system of intellectual protection and its benefits. This paper explains how a knowledge test was developed to measure an individual's knowledge level on various aspects of GI as part of the study viz. Geographical indications in agriculture and    community benefits: A cross-sectional analysis by the authors.
 Knowledge on GI was operationalized as the accuracy with which various aspects of GI, registration, and the impact have been understood. The steps to develop and standardize the test included selection of items; item analysis and pre-testing; calculation of difficulty, estimation of discrimination index and point bi-serial correlation; final selection of items; and testing of reliability and validity. The final knowledge test retained 24 items out of 36 raw items. The test was found to be significantly reliable and valid, as indicated by a significant value of reliability coefficient and content validity. Researchers can use this test to measure farmers' knowledge on GIs.
Resource Use Efficiency and Profitability of Rice Production in the Terai Belt of Nepal
Authors: Sah Rajesh , Dhakal Shiva Chandra , Marahatta Santosh , Tiwari Ujjal
Published: October 2024

Rice is the major cereal crop in terms of area under cultivation and known as primary staple food with significant contribution to gross domestic product in Nepal. The high production cost and inefficient use of available resources are major problems observed in rice production. The study was carried out in three major rice producing districts of Terai belt of Nepal to analyze the level of resources used and profitability in rice production.  A total of 100 samples from each district were taken using simple random sampling technique. The benefit cost ratio was used to determine the profitability while the Cobb-Douglas production function was used to determine the resource use efficiency analysis. The study revealed that the average land holding size under the rice production was more than the national average and the average productivity (4.86mt/ha) of rice production in the districts were also higher than the national average (3.47mt/ha). The BC ratio of rice (1.67) production was found more than which implies the profitable nature of rice production in Nepal. The per hectare total cost incurred in rice production from land preparation to marketing was found NPR. 96, 905 (±24044)/ha and the profit after deducting cost incurred for rice production was NPR. 58, 559. The costs on seed and irrigation were found overused, however the costs incurred in organic manures, harvesting and post-harvest operations were found underused. The cost on seed and irrigation need t0 be decreased by 129 and 218% whereas the cost on organic manures, harvesting and post-harvest operations need to be increased by 97, 74 and 76%, respectively for optimal allocation of resources used in rice production. The return from rice production is low as compared to other major economic crops in Nepal, thus this study helps the policy makers, producers and other stakeholders for better planning and policy formulation for massive promotion of rice cultivation as it has high contribution to food and nutrition security of Nepali people.
Effect of Effluents Produced from Palm oil Processing Industries on Fish Production around Bugala Island, Kalangala District, Uganda
Authors: Kavuma Adrian , Barakagira Alex
Published: October 2024

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), a tree crop that originated from Central and West Africa is primarily planted in tropical regions, mainly in deep soils and humid climatic areas around lakes and wetlands. This has encouraged the setting up of the oil processing industries near or within such highly fragile ecosystems. The study was set out to investigate the impact of effluent discharge from palm oil processing industries on water quality and fish yield in Bugala Island, Kalangala District, Uganda. The research aimed to determine the extent of pollution and its consequences on key water quality parameters, heavy metal concentrations, and fish populations. To achieve these objectives, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative analysis of water samples and fish yields with qualitative data from interviews and surveys. Water quality indicators, including turbidity, pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO), were measured across control and experimental sites, alongside the concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and mercury. The study utilized one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests to assess the statistical significance of differences between sites. The results indicated significant variations in turbidity, pH, salinity, and DO levels, particularly in areas affected by effluent discharge, while temperature and heavy metal concentrations did not show statistically significant differences. Fish yield analysis revealed significant disparities in the quantity, average weight, and length of fish species, with Oreochromis niloticus demonstrating the highest mean weight and length in less polluted areas. The findings underscore the urgent need for stricter environmental regulations and the implementation of advanced effluent treatment technologies. Continuous environmental monitoring is also recommended to mitigate the adverse effects of industrial pollution on aquatic ecosystems and to safeguard the livelihoods of communities dependent on these resources.
Loneliness, Depression and Decreased Life Satisfaction among Institutionalised Single Mothers
Authors: K Harish , Aquinas P.G
Published: October 2024

Participants: A convenience sample comprising 104 institutional single mothers, aged 15 to 39, was selected from rehabilitation in Swadhargreah, One-stop centers, and Santhwanacenters in Karnataka State.
Objectives: The objective of the study is to explore the psycho-social problems of loneliness, depression and life satisfaction among institutionalized single mothers and understand the various factors influencing it
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was utilized in the present study. Participants provided responses to a standardized scale DASS (depression, anxiety and stress scale) question measuring levels of loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale) and life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)) among institutionalized single mothers. Percentages, frequencies, and statistical analysis were employed to describe the study's results.
Findings: This study examines the demographic characteristics, mental health, and life satisfaction of institutionalized single mothers in Karnataka State. Through detailed analyses, it was found that the majority had been single for 1-2 years, engaged in traditional marriages, and faced moderate levels of loneliness. Depression, anxiety, and stress levels were also prevalent, indicating significant mental health challenges. Notably, institutionalized single mothers expressed dissatisfaction in varying degrees, emphasizing the complexity of their emotional experiences. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and support systems addressing both demographic and mental health aspects to enhance the overall well-being and life satisfaction of this specific demographic group. This study sheds light on the multifaceted challenges faced by institutionalized single mothers, contributing to the broader discourse on the intersection of relationship status, mental health, and life satisfaction in the context of Karnataka State
Conclusions/Implications: The study findings emphasize the multifaceted challenges confronting institutionalized single mothers, spanning relationship status, mental health, and overall life satisfaction. The significance of these insights lies in their potential to guide the development of targeted support systems and interventions tailored to enhance the well-being and quality of life for this specific demographic group. Addressing both demographic and mental health aspects becomes imperative for implementing effective strategies that promote positive outcomes and foster resilience among institutionalized single mothers.
A Qualitative Exploration of Student Perceptions and Challenges in Blended Learning: Insights from Preschool Psychology Courses
Authors: Chen Guanzheng , Zhou Jiefang
Published: October 2024

This study explores the implementation and perception of blended learning (BL) within preschool psychology courses, addressing a critical gap in educational research. Despite the recognized benefits of BL, such as flexibility and autonomy, there is limited empirical research focusing on its application in preschool psychology—a field identified as underexplored by previous studies. This research aims to deepen the understanding of BL's effectiveness and challenges in this specific context. Utilizing a purposive sampling method, the study gathered qualitative data from students who completed a 16-week blended course. The findings reveal that while students appreciate the flexibility and diverse resources offered by BL, they face challenges related to structured scheduling, immediate feedback, and technological integration. These challenges often lead to feelings of overwhelm and isolation, underscoring the need for improved support systems. The study discusses the importance of fostering community and social interaction within BL settings, proposing solutions such as virtual collaboration tools and online social events. By aligning with existing literature and addressing identified gaps, this research provides actionable insights for enhancing BL models. The study concludes that refining BL environments to include structured interactions and technological support can significantly improve student engagement and learning outcomes. These findings have important implications for educators and policymakers aiming to optimize BL strategies, particularly in the evolving post-COVID educational landscape.
Skin Diseases among Diabetes Mellitus Patients of Sentra Medika Cisalak Hospital
Authors: Achmad Luana N. , Tandilangi Glorya Yolanda , Novelyn Silphia
Published: October 2024

Aims: This research activity aims to determine the manifestation of skin disease in diabetes mellitus patients at Sentra Medika Cisalak Hospital, Depok in 2019-2020.
Study Design:  research with a cross-sectional approach.
Place and Duration of Study: Sentra Medika Cisalak Hospital, Depok with research time including the time for processing, collecting and carrying out research carried out in December 2019 – January 2020.
Methodology: The design of this research is a cross-sectional approach with a population of all patients suffering from diabetes mellitus with skin manifestations. The sample in this study was taken using a total sampling technique, namely taking samples entirely from medical record data of patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and who experienced skin manifestations in Sentra Medika Cisalak Hospital, Depok in 2019-2020 which meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument used is secondary data which is the medical records of patients who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and who have skin manifestations at Sentra Medika Cisalak Hospital, Depok for the 2019 - 2020 period.
Results: The research results showed that of the 50 research samples, based on gender, it was dominated by men, namely 30 people (60%), and from the age range it was dominated by patients suffering from diabetes mellitus aged >60 years, namely 26 people (52%), as well as levels of the highest HbA1c level was 10.1 – 12 mg/dL, namely 15 people (30%). Of the total sample, there were manifestations of skin disease experienced by patients, namely, acanthosis nigricans (66%), necrobiosis Lipoidica Diabeticorum (58%), diabetic candidiasis (20%), and eruptive xanthomatosis (80%).
Conclusion: manifestations of skin disease in diabetes mellitus sufferers are dominated by eruptive xanthomatosis and acanthosis nigricans with the highest age percentage being 60 years.
Impact of Environmental Carcinogens on Africa: A Quick Review of Health Indices in Africa between 2010 and 2024
Authors: Banwo Faridah Mobolanle , Chukwuma Junior Josephson , Owoyemi Ewaoluwa Promise , Kernen Paul Agwaza , Ogbonna Kosisochukwu Doris , Azubuike Eberechukwu Osinachi , Ojobor Jane-Frances Chinenye , Odanibeh David , Nwokafor Chibuzo Valentine
Published: October 2024

Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, with Africa experiencing a significant rise in cases over the past decade. This review explores the impact of environmental carcinogens on Africa's health indices from 2010 to 2024. Environmental carcinogens, comprising chemical, physical, and biological agents, contribute significantly to DNA damage, leading to cancer. These carcinogens can act directly, such as UV radiation, or indirectly, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which require bioactivation to become harmful. Carcinogens are classified based on their mode of action and their interplay between internal factors (e.g., inherited mutations) and external factors (e.g., chemical exposure) in cancer development. This review reveals a troubling increase in cancer cases across Africa, tied to widespread exposure to carcinogens. This paper calls for urgent public health measures and policies to reduce carcinogen exposure and mitigate cancer's growing impact in Africa.
Impact of Differential Equations on Transfer Functions, Impulse and Frequency Responses in Filters
Authors: OF'R Gordien TAMBA , BINENE Camile LIKOTELO , MAZONI Grace NKWESE , LONDJIRINGA Emilien LORANU
Published: October 2024

For some examples of filters, defined by the "input-output" correspondence, a correspondence that can be translated in many cases by linear differential equations (first or second order filters), we specify the notions of step response, impulse response, transfer function, frequency response. We also specify the qualities of the filters considered from the point of view of causality, stability and rationality. To avoid any risk of confusion, some usual definitions and criteria are repeated below.
Application of SAR Activator for Management of Pea Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe polygoni)
Authors: Meena Dinesh Kumar , Singh Jitendra , Bhujangrao Waghamare Minal , Kumawat Pooja , Kansotia Kavita , Kumawat Kiran , Sharma Pinki
Published: October 2024

Powdery mildew of pea is one of the foremost diseases of pea incited by Erysiphe polygoni DC. Present study conducted to find out the comparative performance of SAR activators for control of powdery mildew. An experiment was conducted at farm of SKNCOA, Jobner during Rabi season 2021. Five SAR activators along with control viz. ethylene (100 ppm), salicylic acid (250 ppm), hydrogen peroxide (200 ppm), fosetyl al (1000 ppm) and benzothiadiazole (1000 ppm) were applied as two foliar sprays. During evaluation, all the treatments were found effective against powdery mildew of pea but Salicylic acid (250 ppm) and Fosetyl AL (1000 ppm) were found as best treatment to control powdery mildew disease of pea.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tumor Suppressor p53 in p-Dimethylamino Benzaldehyde (DMBA) Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) Male Wistar Strains
Authors: Adnyaswari Dewa Ayu Made , Indrayani Agung Wiwiek , Artini IGusti Ayu , Ernawati Desak Ketut , Trapika I. Gusti Made Gede Surya Candra , Sriwidyani Ni Putu , Arijana I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman
Published: October 2024

Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for approximately 90% of all primary liver malignancies and poses a major global health challenge. The initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is marked by a progressive accumulation of molecular alterations, the origins of which remain largely unclear. This study provides an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of hepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC using a p-Dimethylamino Benzaldehyde (DMBA)-induced HCC rats model. p-Dimethylamino benzaldehyde (DMBA) is a common environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, acting as a mutagen, capable of exerting carcinogenic effects, which can be tested both in cell culture and in vivo animal models.
Study Design: This study used an in vivo laboratory test method.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Therapy and Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, between December 2023 to July 2024.
Methodology: This study used an in vivo laboratory test method. The laboratory test was in the form of a study on experimental animals, Wistar rats induced by p -Dimethylamino Benzaldehyde (DMBA) treatment. Observation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in rat liver tissue samples with immunohistochemical tests of expression Tumor Suppressor p53 in tumor and non-tumor hepatocytes.
Results: The results of the hypothesis test study on tumor diameter and immunohistochemical test on the expression of Tumor Suppressor p53 with ROC analysis showed that the cut off tumor diameter obtained a cutoff value of 0.5 with a sensitivity value of 1.0 and a specificity value of 1.0. The results of the ROC analysis showed that the H-score data of wild-type p53 Immunohistochemistry contained 26 samples with 7 positive HCC results and 19 negative samples.
Conclusion: This study shows that in male Wistar rats p-Dimethylamino benzaldehyde (DMBA) -induced hepatocarcinogenesis can be a viable model for studying Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the future.