bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Power output enhancement of grid-connected PV system using dual-axis tracking
Authors: Alktranee Mohammed H.R. , Al-Yasiri Qudama , Sahib Mortda. M.
Published: April 2020

The current paper proposes an augmentation of power output production of a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system using dual-axis solar tracking (DAST). Solarius PV software was applied to design and predict the energy demand for a single-family house over one year under the climate condition of Basra city, Iraq. The performance of the DAST-PV system was compared to another stationary PV system has the same capacity in terms of power output and the reduction of generated emissions over 20 years lifetime. The results showed that the stationary PV system can overcome up to 84.8% of the total electricity demand of the house while DAST-PV system can overcome up to 100% with surplus energy of 9886.55 kWh. Moreover, the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions avoided by the DAT-PV system were about 34.8% more than the stationary system over the system lifetime.
An improved Evaporation Rate-Water Cycle Algorithm based Genetic Algorithm for solving generalized ratio problems
Authors: Veeramani C. , Sharanya S.
Published: April 2020

This paper presents an efficient metaheuristic approach for optimizing the generalized ratio problems such as the sum and multiplicative of linear or nonlinear ratio objective function with affine constraints. This paper focuses on the significance of hybrid techniques, which are implemented by using GA and ER-WCA to increase efficiency and robustness for solving linear and nonlinear generalized ratio problems. Initially, GA starts with an initial random population and it is processed by genetic operators. ER-WCA will observe and preserve the GAs fittest chromosome in each cycle and every generation. This Genetic ER-WCA algorithm is provided with better optimal solutions while solving constrained ratio optimization problems. Also, the effectiveness of the proposed genetic ER-WCA algorithm is analyzed while solving the large scale ratio problems. The results and performance of the proposed algorithm ensures a strong optimization and improves the exploitative process when compared to the other existing metaheuristic techniques. Numerical problems and applications are used to test the performance of the convergence and the accuracy of the approached method. The behavior of this Genetic ER-WCA algorithm is compared with those of evolutionary algorithms namely Neural Network Algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimization, Evaporation Rate - Water Cycle Algorithm, Water Cycle Algorithm, Firefly algorithm, Cuckoo search algorithm. The evaluated results show that the proposed algorithm increases the convergence and accuracy more than other existing algorithms.
Determining the Number and Location of Warehouses to Minimize Logistics Costs of Business to Consumer (B2C) Distribution
Authors: Sutapa I Nyoman , Wullur Magdalena , Nano Cahyono Tania
Published: April 2020

The article discusses a case study at a company that works on Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) section using B2B distribution system, and is conducting a market test for its new alternative tobacco products using B2C distribution system. The purpose of this study is to determine both number and location of warehouses that provides a minimum total logistics costs for the B2C process, where the company is currently still using company-owned B2B warehouses. Determination of the number and location of these warehouses is performed using Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering where grouping is based on the shortest distance and is done using Evolutionary Solver. Centre of Gravity is also used to determine the location of the warehouses. Iteration will be carried out to obtain the number of warehouses that provide minimal total cost. The result of the modelling shows that the optimal number of warehouses is six and each warehouse will have their own market division.
Leadership Style, Employee Engagement, and Work Environment to Employee Performance in Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Adrian Putra Ariussanto Kenny , Jiwa Husada Tarigan Zeplin , Br Sitepu Rismawati , Kumar Singh Sanju
Published: April 2020

The fast changes in global order have to be anticipated by the company’s management in order to be able to compete. This change affects the organizational system and the company’s leadership style to improve their employees’ participation. Leadership style determines the level of employees’ participation and empowers them in reaching the targets that have been determined by the management. The data retrieval is using a questionnaire from the employees of an animal feed manufacturing company. The data retrieval technique is by using all the 50 employees of the company. The data analysis of this study is using partial least square (PLS). The result of this study is to find that leadership style has a significant influence on employee engagement and work environment. Employee engagement and work environment impact significantly toward the performance of the employees. The result of the study also shows that leadership style can not directly impact the performance of the employees, because leadership style is an interaction between top management with the employees so that it needs an intermediate variable in increasing the performance of employees.
The Impact of the Capital Adequacy Ratio, Non-Performing Loan Against to Return on Equity (Case Study Private Bank in Indonesia)
Authors: Sebayang Pirmanta
Published: April 2020

Banks in Indonesia always pay attention to the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) to obtain adequate bank performance, while also paying attention to Non-Performing Loan (NPL). Banks want a high Return on Equity (ROE) to be able to be declared healthy and the bank's performance is also very good. Banking companies always make financial reports related to the banking performance. This study has two objectives namely, first to examine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on Return on Equity (ROE). Second, to examine the effect of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) on Return on Equity (ROE) in foreign private banks that have been determined by the government. This study uses multiple regression analysis techniques using a sample of 20 banks. The test results show that there is an increase in capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) that will be able to increase the Return on Equity (ROE) of foreign private banks in Indonesia. Increased Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) can have a positive effect and increase Return on Equity (ROE). Simultaneous tests carried out obtained the variable Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Return on Equity (ROE) to have a joint impact on the Return on Equity (ROE) of private banks.
Service Convenience and Service Quality to Customer Satisfaction among the Shipping Expeditions
Authors: Reynaldo Reynaldo , Suprapto Widjojo , Jani Yahya
Published: April 2020

Indonesia is a country consisting of thousands of islands surrounded with straits and seas. Along with the increasing online businesses, the number of shipping expeditions is growing as well. In order to win the competition, many shipping expeditions offer various conveniences and services. This research is testing the impact of service conveniences and service quality to customer satisfaction in shipping expedition businesses in Surabaya. The data are collected by questionnaires because this is a quantitative research. The questionnaires are distributed to 100 respondents who are selected from the consumers using a non-probability sampling technique. Then, the data are processed using a SmartPLS program to obtain the results that service convenience does not bring any effect on customer satisfaction, but service convenience has a positive significant effect on service quality and service quality also has a positive significant effect on customer satisfaction
Steroidogenesis in the NCI-H295 Cell Line Model is Strongly Affected
By Culture Conditions and Substrain
Authors: Kurlbaum Max , Sbiera Silviu , Kendl Sabine , Martin Fassnacht M. , Kroiss Matthias
Published: April 2020

Context NCI-H295 cells are the most widely used model for adrenal
steroidogenesis and adrenocortical carcinoma and have been used for decades in
laboratories worldwide. However, reported steroidogenic properties differ
considerably.

Objective To evaluate heterogeneity of steroidogenesis among NCI-H295
cell strains, clarify the influence of culture media and test response to
inhibitors of steroidogenesis by using liquid chromatography tandem mass
spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Methods NCI-H295 cells were obtained from two cell banks and cultivated
in different media. An LC-MS/MS-based panel analysis of thirteen
steroids was adapted for cell culture supernatant. Cells were treated with
metyrapone, abiraterone and mitotane.

Results Mineralocorticoid synthesis was strongly affected by passaging as
reflected by reduction of aldosterone secretion from 0.158±0.006 to
0.017±0.001 µg/106 cells
(p<0.05). Relevant differences were also found for cells from two
vendors in terms of aldosterone secretion (0.180±0.001 vs.
0.09±0.002 µg/106 cells,
p<0.05). Selection of medium strongly impacted on cortisol secretion
with>4-fold difference (40.6±5.5 vs.
182.1±23 µg/106 cells) and
reflected differential activation of the glucocorticoid pathway. Exposure to
abiraterone, metyrapone and mitotane resulted in characteristic steroidogenic
profiles consistent with known mechanism of drug action with considerable
differences in metabolites upstream of the blocked enzyme.

Conclusion We demonstrate that steroid hormone secretion in NCI-H295
cells is strongly affected by the individual strain, passage and growing
conditions. These factors should be taken into account in the evaluation of
experiments analyzing steroid parameters directly or as surrogate parameters of
cell viability.
PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND COMORBID CONDITIONS IN INMATES OF OLD AGE HOMES
Authors: N. Sathyanarayana Rao K. , K. Subbalakshmi N.
Published: April 2020

Introduction: It is imperative that efforts are to be made to recognize individuals with metabolic syndrome from different sets of population so that they may be identified for intensive risk factor management to reduce cardiovascular risk. We evaluated the incidence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome in inmates of old age homes.

Methods: This study involved 189 subjects aged between 55-75 years of either sex housed in old age homes. In every subject waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and plasma lipids were measured. Ongoing treatments were taken into account. Patients with metabolic syndrome were identified using IDF-2005 definition. Data analysis was done by Chi -square test. p value less than 0.05 was taken as significant.

Result: Metabolic syndrome was found in 57.67% of study subjects. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in 55 - 60 years age group (x2 =17.06, p < 0.01) and in females (x2 = 4.33, p < 0.05). Disease load of dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and hypertension was higher in metabolic syndrome group compared to non-metabolic syndrome group (x2 = 11.40, p<0.001; x2 = 47.90, p<0.0001; x2 = 4.72, p<0.05 respectively). In patients receiving treatment for diabetes and hypertension, frequency of subjects with hyperglycemia and high blood pressure was higher in metabolic syndrome group compared to non-metabolic syndrome group (x2 = 10.69, p<0.01; x2 = 4.46, p<0.05 respectively).

Conclusion: In this population it is found that, 55-60 years age group and females are at greater risk for metabolic syndrome. Subjects with metabolic syndrome are resistant to anti-diabetic and antihypertensive treatment.
ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS ON CONCEPT MAPPING - AN INNOVATIVE TEACHING LEARNING STRATEGY
Authors: T. Nirmala , S. Shakuntala B.
Published: April 2020

Background: Multiple researches are going on in the field of promotion of critical thinking skills among nurses and one of the well studied teaching strategies is Concept Mapping (CM). Though Concept mapping is proved to be effective in promotion of critical thinking, it is not widely used. So this study aimed to identify the attitude of student nurses in relation to Concept mapping.

Methods: Descriptive survey design was used in this study. Thirty nine pre-final year nursing students participated in this study. 5 point Likert scale was used to assess the attitude of the students. Verbal opinion was also collected in relation to Concept mapping.

Results: There were 10 positive and 8 negative statements regarding Concept mapping which the student nurses evaluated. The mean attitude score was 74.5% which showed that the students were in favour of concept mapping. 97% of the students had said that they can easily apply it to the nursing process and 77% of them agreed that it can be used for the entire subjects including non nursing subjects like basic sciences. However, 61% of the students had said the preparation of concept mapping as a time consuming task and they would prefer traditional method of writing care plans. They had expressed that concept mapping made their mind fresh, kindled their thinking and improved their critical thinking. Many of them suggested that if concept mapping was being introduced to them from the first, it would have been the best method to write care plans.

Conclusion: As there is acceptance from the student to use concept mapping, it is required to prepare the nurse educators to use concept mapping as one of the teaching method.
ROOT CEMENTUM INVASION AND ADHESION BY ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS CONFOCAL ANALYSIS.
Authors: Halkai Rahul , Hegde Mithra N. , Halkai Kiran
Published: April 2020

Aims to know ability of Enterococcus faecalis invasion and adhesion into root cementum.

Methodology Forty single rooted human intact teeth were selected, group I with 20 teeth as control group with no access opening and apical seal with varnish. Group II with 20 teeth, after access opening and canal debridement, all the samples were subjected for gamma sterilization to ensure complete absence of microorganisms, and then exposed to Enterococcus faecalis broth, in group II broth is placed with the help of micro pipette into root canal and at the same time apical 1/3 of tooth were immersed into broth with both groups for 8 weeks. Biomechanical preparation, obturation and coronal sealing done using GIC with group II, followed by apical 1/3 immersed in the enterococcus broth for 8 weeks, examination under confocal laser scanning microscope after splitting the teeth samples into two halfs buccolingually.

Results: This study shows only adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to root cementum. Conclusion Adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis to root cementum may be the possible reason for persisting infection after root canal treatment.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY VERSUS PHONOPHORESIS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS
Authors: K. Mohamed Faisal C. , Sumila Mary , Mathias Lawrence , S. Ajith
Published: April 2020

Background and Objectives: The use of electro physical agents for the management of any soft tissue injuries in Physical Therapy practice is very common for an early recovery from the injury. Among that, Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Phonophoresis are found to be very effective in soft tissue injuries. So the objective of this study is to know the comparative effectiveness of LLLT versus Phonophoresis in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.

Methods: Convenient sample of 40 patients with lateral epicondylitis were recruited for this study. They were assigned equally either to a laser (n = 20) or a Phonophoresis (n = 20) group. Laser group received the treatment with Ga-As (904nm) IR semiconductor diode laser. For Phonophoresis group a gel containing 1% sodium diclofenac was used as coupling agent. Each group was treated 3 times a week, for a total of 8 treatments, and was evaluated subjectively and objectively before and at the end of the treatment, by using VAS, pain free grip strength and functional pain scale as variables.

Results: Comparison between laser group and Phonophoresis group is done using Mann Whitney U test. Comparison between pre and post is done using Wilcoxon's signed rank sum test. Form selection to the post treatment assessment, a significant decrease in symptoms was found in both laser and phonophoresis groups. But it is concluded that statistically; low level laser therapy was not significantly better than phonophoresis with the results of VAS (P = 0.53), FPS (P = 0.253), pain free grip strength. (P = 0.426).

Interpretation and conclusions: The result of this study suggest that low level laser therapy as well as phonophoresis with sodium diclofenac gel as couplant medium gives a good result in the management of lateral epicondylitis. This study concludes that statistically there was no significant difference between Low level laser therapy and Phonophoresis with sodium diclofenac gel as coupling agent in the management of lateral epicondylitis.
Imaging in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Kapur Savinay , Sharma Raju , Goyal Ankur
Published: April 2020

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) form a discrete subgroup of pancreatic neoplasms. They are rarer than pancreatic adenocarcinomas but need to be differentiated from other pancreatic tumors and pathologies as they carry a better prognosis. Imaging plays a central role in detecting, characterizing, and staging of pancreatic NETs as they tend to have typical radiological features. A lot of advancements have taken place in the field of imaging and theranostics which have revolutionized their detection and management. In this article we shall review the various imaging techniques available to the radiologist, salient imaging features of different types of pancreatic NETs, staging and grading systems, as well as a brief overview of their management.
A Systematic Review of Health Dialog Systems
Authors: Kearns William R. , Chi Nai-Ching , Choi Yong K. , Lin Shih-Yin , Thompson Hilaire , Demiris George
Published: April 2020

Background Health dialog systems have seen increased adoption by patients, hospitals, and universities due to the confluence of advancements in machine learning and the ubiquity of high-performance hardware that supports real-time speech recognition, high-fidelity text-to-speech, and semantic understanding of natural language.

Objectives This review seeks to enumerate opportunities to apply dialog systems toward the improvement of health outcomes while identifying both gaps in the current literature that may impede their implementation and recommendations that may improve their success in medical practice.

Methods A search over PubMed and the ACM Digital Library was conducted on September 12, 2017 to collect all articles related to dialog systems within the domain of health care. These results were screened for eligibility with the main criteria being a peer-reviewed study of a system that includes both a natural language interface and either end-user testing or practical implementation.

Results Forty-six studies met the inclusion criteria including 24 quasi-experimental studies, 16 randomized control trials, 2 case–control studies, 2 prospective cohort studies, 1 system description, and 1 human–computer conversation analysis. These studies evaluated dialog systems in five application domains: medical education (n = 20), clinical processes (n = 14), mental health (n = 5), personal health agents (n = 5), and patient education (n = 2).

Conclusion We found that dialog systems have been widely applied to health care; however, most studies are not reproducible making direct comparison between systems and independent confirmation of findings difficult. Widespread adoption will also require the adoption of standard evaluation and reporting methods for health dialog systems to demonstrate clinical significance.
Recent Advances in Pancreatic MR Imaging: A Guide on How, When, and Why to Perform
Authors: Srinivasan Sivasubramanian , Chatterjee Argha
Published: April 2020

Imaging of the pancreas is often challenging because of its retroperitoneal location and unique set of pathologies. Conventional imaging modalities, such as transabdominal and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are well described in the literature. However, with modern demand for functional and molecular information from imaging studies, newer imaging modalities and modifications of existing modalities are developed. MRI is widely used as a problem-solving tool in pancreatic pathologies. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is an excellent technique for the depiction of the pancreatic ductal or biliary ductal pathologies. Newer modification of MRI including secretin MRCP, advanced diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion imaging, and tissue composition analysis (fat and fibrosis quantification) add to the arsenal of MRI of the pancreas. In this review, we discuss the evolution of MRI of the pancreas and clinical application of advanced MR sequences.
Further Observations in Cerebro-Costo-Mandibular Syndrome: Exploration with CT Imaging
Authors: Bhat Venkatraman , Belval Vinay , Kumar Santhosh , Auti Onkar
Published: April 2020

Cerebro-costo-mandibular syndrome (CCMS) is a rare syndrome characterized by posterior rib ossification gaps and orofacial anomalies. Posterior rib ossification gaps are the hallmark of the disease and mimic multiple old rib fractures. The condition is caused by heterogeneous mutation of Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptides B and B1 (SNRPB) gene on the chromosome 20p13. There is scanty literature regarding the extent of bony changes and the associated pulmonary-airway abnormalities on computed tomography (CT) imaging. In this case report, we presented a detailed CT imaging features of a case of CCMS in a male infant. This report highlighted on the nature of osseous defects, structural changes in the chest wall, airways, lungs, and a wide range of spinal anomalies. Some of our observations regarding the changes in the airway and chest wall are likely to have bearing on evaluating the prognosis and the need for respiratory support.
Tapping into science advisers’ learning
Authors: Obermeister Noam
Published: April 2020

The art and craft of science advice is not innately known by those scientists who choose to step out of the lab or the university to engage with the world of policy. Despite a wealth of literature on the ‘science of science advice’, in nearly every situation there is no ‘teacher’ of science advice; it is a typical case of learning on the job. Within that context, the learning of scholars engaging in expert advice is always situated and can sometimes be transformative. To date, however, there has been no systematic, in-depth research into expert advisers’ learning—instead focusing mostly on policymakers’ and publics’ learning about science. In this article, I suggest that such a research programme is timely and potentially a very fruitful line of inquiry for two mains reasons. First, in the case of environmental and climate issues—the focus of the paper—it has become ubiquitous to talk about the need for transformative change(s) towards sustainable futures. If scholars are going to advocate for and inform transformations beyond academia, then in doing so they ought to also take a harder look at how they themselves are transforming within. Specifically, the article illustrates how qualitative research on advisers’ learning can contribute to our understanding of how experts are adapting to changing circumstances in science–policy interactions. Second, it is argued that research on advisers’ learning can directly contribute to: (i) guidance for present and future advisers (especially early-career researchers wishing to engage with policy) and organisational learning in science–policy organisations; and (ii) improving policy-relevance of research and the design of impact evaluations for research funding (e.g. Research Excellence Framework). With the hope of stimulating (rather than closing off) innovative ideas, the article offers some ways of thinking through and carrying out such a research programme. As the nature of both science and policymaking continues to change, the learning experiences of expert advisers is a bountiful resource that has yet to be tapped into.
Multi-component and high-entropy nitride coatings—A promising field in need of a novel approach
Authors: Lewin Erik
Published: April 2020

Multi-component and high-entropy nitrides are a growing field with a promise of new functional materials. The interest in the field was sparked by the adjacent field of high-entropy and multi-component alloys, and the promise consists of both demonstrated properties and a possibly very large freedom for materials design. These promises, however, also come with new challenges connected to the vast available experimental space, which is inherent in multi-component materials. Traditional materials science methodologies will be slow to make appreciable progress in such an environment. A novel approach is needed to meet the challenges of the hyperdimensional compositional space. Recent developments within the fields of information technology can give materials science the tools needed. This Perspective article summarizes the state of the art in the field of multi-component nitride materials, focusing on coatings where solid solution phases with simple crystal structures are formed. Furthermore, it outlines the present research challenges that need to be addressed to move the field forward and suggests that there is a need to combine the traditional knowledge-driven materials science methodology with new data-driven methodologies. The latter would include advanced data-handling with artificial intelligence and machine learning to assist in the evaluation of large, shared datasets from both experimental and theoretical work. Such a change in the methodology will be a challenge but will be needed in order to fully realize the full potential of multi-component (nitride) materials.
Current-induced effective Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and its Kondo enhancement in double quantum dot
Authors: Wang YuanDong , Wei JianHua , Yan YiJing
Published: April 2020

We studied the nonequilibrium transport of serially coupled double quantum dots connected to ferromagnetic electrodes. We demonstrated that the nonadiabatic part of the spin gauge field resulted in a current-induced Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction effect in a double quantum dot and numerically confirmed this observation through the hierarchical equations of motion approach. We report that the spin current and the effective DM interaction are enhanced in the Kondo regime. We demonstrate that this enhancement occurs because the Kondo resonance, which is supposed to be suppressed by the local ferromagnetic exchange, is enhanced by the inter-dot coupling. This additional Kondo resonance channel increases the spin current. In addition, the impact of the spin–spin interaction and the Kondo effect on tunnel magnetoresistance is discussed. Our results offer a new approach for controlling the non-collinear spin interaction in double quantum dot devices.
Wavelength transduction from a 3D microwave cavity to telecom using piezoelectric optomechanical crystals
Authors: Ramp H. , Clark T. J. , Hauer B. D. , Doolin C. , Balram K. C. , Srinivasan K. , Davis J. P.
Published: April 2020

Microwave-to-optical transduction has received a great deal of interest from the cavity optomechanics community as a landmark application for electro-optomechanical systems. In this Letter, we demonstrate a transducer that combines high-frequency mechanical motion and a microwave cavity. The system consists of a 3D microwave cavity and a gallium arsenide optomechanical crystal, which has been placed in the microwave electric field maximum. This allows the microwave cavity to actuate the gigahertz-frequency mechanical breathing mode in the optomechanical crystal through the piezoelectric effect, which is then read out using a telecom optical mode. The gallium arsenide optomechanical crystal is a good candidate for low-noise microwave-to-telecom transduction, as it has been previously cooled to the mechanical ground state in a dilution refrigerator. Moreover, the 3D microwave cavity architecture can naturally be extended to couple to superconducting qubits and to create hybrid quantum systems.
Absorption edge characteristics of GaAs, GaSb, InAs, and InSb
Authors: Schaefer S. T. , Gao S. , Webster P. T. , Kosireddy R. R. , Johnson S. R.
Published: April 2020

The physical characteristics of the fundamental absorption edge of semi-insulating GaAs and unintentionally doped GaSb, InAs, and InSb are examined using spectroscopic ellipsometry. A five parameter model is developed to describe the key characteristics of the absorption edge. Among these parameters are the bandgap energy, the characteristic energy of the Urbach tail, and the absorption coefficient at the bandgap energy. The results indicate that the Coulomb interaction strongly influences the shape of the band edge with progressively less influence as the bandgap energy decreases. The energy dependence of the optical transition strength is observed to be nearly constant in narrow bandgap InSb.
Intake, digestibility and feeding behaviour of grazing dairy cows supplemented with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) residue
Authors: Zanine A. M. , Fonseca A. A. , Ribeiro M. D. , Leonel F. P. , Ferreira D. J. , Souza A. L. , Silva F. G. , Correa R. A. , Negrão F. M. , Pinho R. M. A.
Published: April 2020

Context
In Brazil, dairy cattle pasture-based systems use grass pasture as the main feed source, with little or no supplementation. However, it is necessary to invest in nutritional technologies that allow dairy cattle systems to produce milk with a high protein and energy content, and better total bacterial counts at low costs.

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding a common bean residue (CBR) to cattle diets on feed intake, digestibility and feeding behaviour of lactating dairy cows.

Methods
Eight lactating Holstein × Zebu crossbred cows, with an average bodyweight of 500 ± 30 kg (mean ± s.d.) and a mean daily milk yield of 13 ± 2 kg/cow were randomly assigned in a double 4 × 4 Latin square. The treatments consisted of four increasing levels of CBR (134, 240, 348 and 449 g/kg) in the concentrate.

Key results
The inclusion of CBR linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.034) the DM intake and neutral detergent fibre intake of pasture, sugarcane and the total diet. The inclusion of CBR did not affect (P ≥ 0.111) grazing, rumination or idle time. The feeding efficiency in kg DM/h and kg neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein/h linearly decreased (P < 0.001), with an estimated decrease of 39.1 and 23.4 g/h respectively for every 10 g/kg of CBR added to the concentrate. The number of boluses per day and the time spent per ruminated bolus were not affected (P ≥ 0.086) by CBR inclusion.

Conclusions
The results obtained in this study indicate that the inclusion of up to 240 g/kg of CBR to the diets of lactating dairy cows with a mean daily milk yield of 13 kg, managed on pastures, is recommended.

Implications
The use of CBR, which has high availability in several countries, may be an alternative to supplying small ruminants.
Response of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) to seasonal and local changes in dietary energy content and quality
Authors: König Andreas , Hudler Martina , Dahl Sarah-Alica , Bolduan Carmen , Brugger Daniel , Windisch Wilhelm
Published: April 2020

Context In terms of their nutritional physiology, roe deer have been called ‘concentrate selectors’. This implies that they select proteins in their diet and are not able to digest fibre. It is, thus, suggested that in an agricultural landscape, they are unable to digest the high fibre content of arable crops and, thus, suffer and need to be given supplementary feed. Aims Our aim was to determine the nutrient composition and energy content of the roe deer diet in an agricultural habitat compared with that in a natural forest habitat. Methods Rumen contents of 245 roe deer were collected to represent each month of the year for 3 years, weighed, and analysed by standard methods for nutrient and fibre content. Key results Roe deer in the agricultural habitat had rumen contents with significantly higher metabolisable energy (ME) concentrations, with a median of 6.2 MJ ME/kg DM, than did roe deer in the forest habitat, where the median was 5.4 MJ ME/kg DM. The mass of rumen contents in the forest habitat was, on average, 240 g higher than that in the agricultural habitat. Roe deer in the forest habitat compensate for the lower energy concentration in their natural diet by increasing their food intake. The concentration in the agricultural habitat is a result of the higher proportion of easily digestible carbohydrates in the diet. The concentration of crude protein in the rumen contents did not differ statistically between the two areas. In both habitats, the mean crude fibre concentration varied between 24% DM and 34% DM, and was significantly higher in the forest. The concentration of crude fibre selected by the roe deer is similar to the concentration of crude fibre known to be selected by red deer and fallow deer (intermediate feeders) and mouflon (a grazer) (Hofmann 1989). Conclusions The term ‘concentrate selector’ should be replaced by ‘selector’ to avoid misinterpretations. Energy shortfalls were not observed in either of the populations during the study period. Implications Supplemental feeding was not necessary to maintain the population.
Envisioning the immune interactome in Arabidopsis
Authors: Maurya Rashmi , Srivastava Deepti , Singh Munna , Sawant Samir V.
Published: April 2020

During plant–pathogen interaction, immune targets were regulated by protein–protein interaction events such as ligand-receptor/co-receptor, kinase-substrate, protein sequestration, activation or repression via post-translational modification and homo/oligo/hetro-dimerisation of proteins. A judicious use of molecular machinery requires coordinated protein interaction among defence components. Immune signalling in Arabidopsis can be broadly represented in successive or simultaneous steps; pathogen recognition at cell surface, Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species signalling, MAPK signalling, post-translational modification, transcriptional regulation and phyto-hormone signalling. Proteome wide interaction studies have shown the existence of interaction hubs associated with physiological function. So far, a number of protein interaction events regulating immune targets have been identified, but their understanding in an interactome view is lacking. We focussed specifically on the integration of protein interaction signalling in context to plant–pathogenesis and identified the key targets. The present review focuses towards a comprehensive view of the plant immune interactome including signal perception, progression, integration and physiological response during plant pathogen interaction.
All-electrical monitoring of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility in a microfluidic device
Authors: Yang Yichao , Gupta Kalpana , Ekinci Kamil L.
Published: April 2020

Significance

For the past 50 y, antibiotics have cured common bacterial infections quickly and effectively. Many strains of bacteria, however, are gaining resistance to common antibiotics. The solution to this problem includes a more judicious use of antibiotic therapies, directed by rapid point-of-care antibiotic susceptibility tests. The focus here is a simple all-electrical sensing approach implemented in a microfluidic device that measures the growth of a tiny bacteria sample in antibiotics. This approach has the potential to rapidly provide antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria along with minimum inhibitory concentrations and inform of the mechanisms of action of antibiotics—all without resorting to high-resolution microscopy.
Temporal Changes in Non-Fatal Opioid Overdose Patterns among People who use Drugs in a Canadian Setting
Authors: Fairgrieve Christopher , Nosova Ekaterina , Milloy M-J , Fairbairn Nadia , DeBeck Kora , Ahamad Keith , Wood Evan , Kerr Thomas , Hayashi Kanna
Published: April 2020

Background and Aims: Little is known about how the expansion of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) and emergence of fentanyl in the illicit drug supply in North America has influenced non-fatal opioid overdose (NFOD) risk. Therefore, we sought to identify patterns of substance use and addiction treatment engagement (i.e., OAT, other inpatient or outpatient treatment) prior to NFOD, as well as the trends and correlates of each pattern among people who use drugs (PWUD) in Vancouver, Canada.

Methods: Data were derived from participants in three prospective cohorts of PWUD in Vancouver in 2009–2016. Observations from participants reporting opioid-related NFOD in the previous six months were included. A latent class analysis was used to identify classes based on substances used at the time of last NFOD and addiction treatment engagement in the month prior to the last NFOD. Multivariable generalized estimating equations estimated the correlates of each class membership.

Results: In total, 889 observations from 570 participants were included. Four distinct classes were identified: (1) polysubstance use (PSU) and addiction treatment engagement; (2) PSU without treatment engagement; (3) exposure to unknown substances, mostly without treatment engagement; and (4) primary heroin users without treatment engagement. The class of exposure to unknown substances appeared in 2015 and became the dominant group (76.9%) in 2016. In multivariable analyses, the odds of membership in the class of primary heroin users decreased over time (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–0.81).

Conclusions: Changing profiles of PWUD reporting opioid-related NFOD were seen over time. Notably, there was a sudden increase in reports of overdose following exposure to unknown substances since 2015, the majority of whom reported no recent addiction treatment engagement. Further study into patterns of substance use and strategies to improve addiction treatment engagement is needed to improve and focus overdose prevention efforts.
Stress sensor Ire1 deploys a divergent transcriptional program in response to lipid bilayer stress
Authors: Ho Nurulain , Yap Wei Sheng , Xu Jiaming , Wu Haoxi , Koh Jhee Hong , Goh Wilson Wen Bin , George Bhawana , Chong Shu Chen , Taubert Stefan , Thibault Guillaume
Published: April 2020

Membrane integrity at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is tightly regulated, and its disturbance is implicated in metabolic diseases. Using an engineered sensor that activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) exclusively when normal ER membrane lipid composition is compromised, we identified pathways beyond lipid metabolism that are necessary to maintain ER integrity in yeast and in C. elegans. To systematically validate yeast mutants that disrupt ER membrane homeostasis, we identified a lipid bilayer stress (LBS) sensor in the UPR transducer protein Ire1, located at the interface of the amphipathic and transmembrane helices. Furthermore, transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses pinpoint the UPR as a broad-spectrum compensatory response wherein LBS and proteotoxic stress deploy divergent transcriptional UPR programs. Together, these findings reveal the UPR program as the sum of two independent stress responses, an insight that could be exploited for future therapeutic intervention.
Transverse-to-longitudinal emittance-exchange in optical wavelength
Authors: Wang Xiaofan , Feng Chao , Yang Chuan , Zeng Li , Zhao Zhentang
Published: April 2020

Emittance exchange is a promising technique for next-generation accelerator-based applications. A novel technique is proposed in this paper to exchange emittance of the electron beam between transverse and longitudinal planes in optical wavelength. The emittance exchange configuration consists of a dual-tilted-laser modulator sandwiched by two identical doglegs. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate that the emittance exchange for the electrons at the zero-crossing phase of each laser cycle can be easily achieved with this technique. The proposed technique is quite promising for improving the performance of compact high-gain free-electron laser facilities. Meanwhile, it holds the feasibility to flexibly tailor a beam’s longitudinal shape in the optical scale.
Analysis on synergistic effects of the ecological environment construction and the economic growth — a case study of Shandong Province, China
Authors: Zhao Jintao , Meng Wei , Zhao Fang
Published: April 2020

Ecological environment construction is an important strategic decision to achieve sustainable development. It is also a potential motive force to ensure longterm, steady and orderly development of the economy. In consideration of the fact that Shandong Province is the typical epitome of China in the new era, this paper is based on comprehensive investigations on the construction status of ecological environment in 17 cities of Shandong Province, and constructs an analysis framework of the ecological environment construction and economic growth. Using methodologies of AHP Evaluation Model, Co-Integration Analysis, Granger Causality Test and Error Correction Model etc., this paper makes the empirical studies on the relations between environmental protection investment, industrial pollution control, urban environment construction, natural resources conservation and the ecological environment construction in Shandong Province. Our research found that: the overall level of ecological environment construction in Shandong province has been constantly and steadily enhanced, among which the level of urban environment construction has risen the most, followed by environmental protection investment, industrial pollution control and natural resources conservation. Besides, there is a long-term equilibrium relation between the ecological environment construction and economic growth of Shandong Province, among which the bidirectional synergistic effect on the environmental protection investment and economic growth of eastern Shandong is the most remarkable. Therefore, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions, for example, implementing ecological development policies towards spatial differences, improving the ecological environment management, actively implementing environmental economic policies etc.
Effects of alginic acid on phosphorus and potassium absorption in radish under cadmium contamination
Authors: Wang Huaifeng , Min Zhiping , Yong Mao , Wang Shibin , Cheng Fang , Li Qing , Jiang Bingtao , Xu Dandi
Published: April 2020

In order to study the effects of alginic acid at different dilution folds on phosphorus and potassium absorption of radish under cadmium contamination, foliar application of radish seedlings was carried out using alginic acid solutions with different dilution folds. The results showed that the alginic acid solution at 600, 900, 1200, and 1500 dilution folds increased the potassium content of radish, and increased the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil. The solution of lower dilution folds (600 and 900) increased phosphorus content of radish, while the solution with higher dilution folds (1200 and 1500) only increased phosphorus content in radish roots and root tubers. It showed that foliar application of alginic acid could alleviate the harm of cadmium stress to radish to a certain extent, and increase the absorption of phosphorus and potassium nutrients in radish. The best effect was achieved when the dilution fold of alginic acid solution was 600.
Design of remote monitoring system for sewage source heat pump based on PLC and GPRS
Authors: Wang Guangwen , Zhao Liang , Liang Ruobing , Liu Zhibin
Published: April 2020

In this paper, the remote monitoring system of sewage source heat pump is designed and developed by using the scheme of PLC + configuration software. According to the technological process of sewage source heat pump system, the communication between PLC and heat pump unit and variable frequency water pump is realized by RS485 bus. The upper computer human-computer interaction software of sewage source heat pump control system is developed, and the system operation is realized. The functions of line data monitoring, remote control of units and transducers are tested and verified. The results show that the system can achieve the expected functions and run well.
Effect on the Performance of Underfloor Air Distribution(UFAD) system under different supply air parameters
Authors: Wang Chenglin , Shan Jinling , Shuhong LI
Published: April 2020

Underfloor Air Distribution (UFAD) systems have received increasing attention during the past decades due to thermal stratification and energy saving potential over conventional mixed air conditioning system. Different supply air parameters have significant impacts on the UFAD system performance. In this study, experimental study and energy simulation software EnergyPlus were used to investigate the UFAD performance in a full size experimental room. The distance between diffusers and human, supply air temperature and velocity were discussed. The orthogonal experiments were employed to discuss the effect of supply air parameters on the temperature distribution, thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ). By the analysis, the most important factor is the distance between diffusers and human. Furthermore, the preferable supply air parameters are suggested by means of controlling parameters. The results show that better thermal stratification and thermal comfort can be achieved when the distance between the swirl diffusers and human is 0.7m, the Supply Air Temperature (SAT) is 18-20°C and the Supply Air Velocity (SAV) is 1.2-1.5m/s. Another contribution of this paper is that the energy consumption of UFAD system is calculated by EnergyPlus. The calculation shows that the satisfied thermal stratification and prominent energy saving can be achieved simultaneously by using reasonable supply air parameters, such as the SAT is 18°C and the SAV is 1.2m/s.
Reactive power optimization of dynamic power system based on QPSO algorithm
Authors: Ang Dong , Xin Song
Published: April 2020

During the operation of the power system, there is a certain loss when electrical energy transmitting through the line, The losses in the line are usually dominated by active network losses. The current research mainly uses reactive power optimization to reduce the reactive power loss in the system. Traditional reactive power optimization is optimized for a certain static time, and the state of the equipment in the line does not change, which is meaningless for actual engineering.A full-text optimization model is established for the purpose of reducing active network loss. The QPSO algorithm is used to dynamically optimize the load of a certain place for different periods of time. Based on the optimization results, we control the the operating status to reduce the active network loss in the line.