bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PREMIUM: A French prospective multicenter observational study of factors impacting on efficacy and compliance to cetuximab treatment in first-line KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Mineur L. , François E. , Plassot C. , Phelip J. M. , Miglianico L. , Dourthe L. M. , Bonichon N. , Moreau L. , Guimbaud R. , Smith D. , Achille E. , Hervé R. , Bons J. M. , Remy S. , Faroux R. , Villing A. L. , Mahamat A. , Rabbia I. , Soulié P. , Baumgaertner I. , Mathé N. , Vazquez L. , Boustany R.
Published: December 2020

Background

Cetuximab improves progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with KRAS wild type (wt) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Few data are available on factors impacting both efficacy and compliance to cetuximab treatment, which is, in combination with chemotherapy, a standard-of-care first-line treatment regimen for patients with KRAS wt mCRC.

Patients and methods

PREMIUM is a prospective, French multicenter, observational study that recruited patients with KRAS wt mCRC scheduled to receive cetuximab, with or without first-line chemotherapy, as part of routine clinical practice, between October 28, 2009 and April 5, 2012 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01756625). The main endpoints were the factors impacting on efficacy and compliance to cetuximab treatment. Predefined efficacy endpoints were PFS and safety.

Results

A total of 493 patients were recruited by 94 physicians. Median follow-up was 12.9 months. Median progression-free survival was 11 months [9.6–12]. In univariate analyses, ECOG performance status (PS), smoking status, primary tumor location, number of metastatic organs, metastasis resectability, surgery, folliculitis, xerosis and paronychia maximum grade, and acne preventive treatment were statistically significant. In multivariate analysis (Hazard Ratios of multivariate stepwise Cox models), ECOG PS, surgery, xerosis and folliculitis were positive prognostics factors for longer PFS. Among all patients, 69 (14%) were non-compliant. In multivariate analysis, no variables were statistically significant. The safety profile of cetuximab was consistent with previous studies.

Conclusions

ECOG PS <2, surgical treatment performed, and maximum grade xerosis or folliculitis developed were predictive factors of cetuximab efficacy on KRAS wt mCRC patients. Unfortunately, we failed in identifying predictive factors for compliance in these patients.
Polish version of SARC-F to assess sarcopenia in older adults: An examination of reliability and validity
Authors: Krzymińska-Siemaszko Roma , Deskur-Śmielecka Ewa , Kaluźniak-Szymanowska Aleksandra , Styszyński Arkadiusz , Wieczorowska-Tobis Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

Introduction

SARC-F is a quick questionnaire recommended as a screening tool for sarcopenia. The aim of the study was to translate, adapt, and validate the Polish version of the SARC-F for community-dwelling older adults in Poland.

Materials and methods

We included 160 Polish volunteers aged ≥ 60 years (44% of men). The Polish version of SARC-F was adapted following standardized forward-backward translation procedure. SARC-F was validated against the six sets of diagnostic criteria as the reference standards [developed independently by European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People1 (EWGSOP1), European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People2 (EWGSOP2), Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project, Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), the International Working Group for Sarcopenia (IWGS), and Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders (SCWD)].

Results

SARC-F score ≥ 4 points was observed in 18.8% of the study population. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.70. The sensitivity of SARC-F varied from 33.3% to 50.0% depending on the diagnostics criteria used, while the specificity was about 85%. Positive predictive value (PPV) was low (about 30%) for five out of six sets of the diagnostic criteria used (EWGSOP2, IWGS, AWGS, FNIH, and SCWD), while the negative predictive value (NPV) was generally high (>88%). The area under the ROC curves (AUC) was 0.652–0.728. SARC-F had the largest AUC against FNIH criteria (0.728), indicating a moderate diagnostic accuracy. Similar results were found for EWGSOP2 and IWGS criteria. The AUC values were below 0.7 for AWGS, SCWD, and EWGSOP1 criteria.

Conclusion

Based on the results, the Polish version of SARC-F shows excellent reliability and good internal consistency. High specificity and high NPV make SARC-F a useful tool to rule-out sarcopenia with high accuracy in community-dwelling older adults, independently of the diagnostic criteria used.
Decreased diarrheal and respiratory disease in HIV exposed uninfected children following vaccination with rotavirus and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
Authors: Ajibola Gbolahan , Bennett Kara , Powis Kathleen M. , Hughes Michael D. , Leidner Jean , Kgole Samuel , Batlang Oganne , Mmalane Mompati , Makhema Joseph , Lockman Shahin , Shapiro Roger
Published: December 2020

Background

Rotavirus vaccine (RV) and pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) decrease diarrheal and respiratory disease incidence and severity, but there are few data about the effects of these vaccines among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children.

Methods

We recorded RV and PCV vaccination history in a placebo-controlled trial that studied the need for cotrimoxazole among HEU infants in Botswana (the Mpepu Study). We categorized infants by enrollment before or after the simultaneous April 2012 introduction of RV and PCV, and compared diagnoses of diarrhea and pneumonia (grade 3/4), hospitalizations, and deaths from both disease conditions through the 12-month study visit by vaccine era/status across two sites (a city and a village) by Kaplan-Meier estimates.

Results

Two thousand six hundred and thirty-five HEU infants were included in this secondary analysis, of these 1689 (64%) were enrolled in Gaborone (344 pre-vaccine, 1345 vaccine) and 946 (36%) in Molepolole (209 pre-vaccine, 737 vaccine). We observed substantial reduction in hazard of hospitalization or death for reason of diarrhea and pneumonia in the vaccine era versus the pre-vaccine era in Molepolole (hazard ratio, HR = 0.44, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.28, 0.71) with smaller reduction in Gaborone (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.57, 1.45). Similar downward trends were observed for diagnoses of diarrhea and pneumonia separately during the vaccine versus pre-vaccine era.

Conclusions

Although temporal confounding cannot be excluded, significant declines in the burden of diarrheal and respiratory illness were observed among HEU children in Botswana following the introduction of RV and PCV. RV and PCV may maximally benefit HEU children in rural areas with higher disease burden.
Whole genome sequencing of Clostridioides difficile PCR ribotype 046 suggests transmission between pigs and humans
Authors: Werner Anders , Mölling Paula , Fagerström Anna , Dyrkell Fredrik , Arnellos Dimitrios , Johansson Karin , Sundqvist Martin , Norén Torbjörn
Published: December 2020

Background

A zoonotic association has been suggested for several PCR ribotypes (RTs) of Clostridioides difficile. In central parts of Sweden, RT046 was found dominant in neonatal pigs at the same time as a RT046 hospital C. difficile infection (CDI) outbreak occurred in the southern parts of the country.

Objective

To detect possible transmission of RT046 between pig farms and human CDI cases in Sweden and investigate the diversity of RT046 in the pig population using whole genome sequencing (WGS).

Methods

WGS was performed on 47 C. difficile isolates from pigs (n = 22), the farm environment (n = 7) and human cases of CDI (n = 18). Two different core genome multilocus sequencing typing (cgMLST) schemes were used together with a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis and the results were related to time and location of isolation of the isolates.

Results

The pig isolates were closely related (≤6 cgMLST alleles differing in both cgMLST schemes) and conserved over time and were clearly separated from isolates from the human hospital outbreak (≥76 and ≥90 cgMLST alleles differing in the two cgMLST schemes). However, two human isolates were closely related to the pig isolates, suggesting possible transmission. The SNP analysis was not more discriminate than cgMLST.

Conclusion

No general pattern suggesting zoonotic transmission was apparent between pigs and humans, although contrasting results from two isolates still make transmission possible. Our results support the need for high resolution WGS typing when investigating hospital and environmental transmission of C. difficile.
Metabolomic study of marine Streptomyces sp.: Secondary metabolites and the production of potential anticancer compounds
Authors: Tangerina Marcelo M. P. , Furtado Luciana Costa , Leite Vida M. B. , Bauermeister Anelize , Velasco-Alzate Karen , Jimenez Paula C. , Garrido Leandro M. , Padilla Gabriel , Lopes Norberto P. , Costa-Lotufo Leticia V. , Pena Ferreira Marcelo J.
Published: December 2020

Resorting to a One Strain Many Compounds (OSMAC) approach, the marine Streptomyces sp. BRB081 strain was grown in six different media settings over 1, 2, 3 or 7 days. Extractions of mycelium and broth were conducted separately for each media and cultivation period by sonication using methanol/acetone 1:1 and agitation with ethyl acetate, respectively. All methanol/acetone and ethyl acetate crude extracts were analysed by HPLC-MS/MS and data treatment was performed through GNPS platform using MZmine 2 software. In parallel, the genome was sequenced, assembled and mined to search for biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) of secondary metabolites using the AntiSMASH 5.0 software. Spectral library search tool allowed the annotation of desferrioxamines, fatty acid amides, diketopiperazines, xanthurenic acid and, remarkably, the cyclic octapeptides surugamides. Molecular network analysis allowed the observation of the surugamides cluster, where surugamide A and the protonated molecule corresponding to the B-E isomers, as well as two potentially new analogues, were detected. Data treatment through MZmine 2 software allowed to distinguish that the largest amount of surugamides was obtained by cultivating BRB081 in SCB medium during 7 days and extraction of culture broth. Using the same data treatment, a chemical barcode was created for easy visualization and comparison of the metabolites produced overtime in all media. By genome mining of BRB081 four regions of biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites were detected supporting the metabolic data. Cytotoxic evaluation of all crude extracts using MTT assay revealed the highest bioactivity was also observed for extracts obtained in the optimal conditions as those for surugamides production, suggesting these to be the main active compounds herein. This method allowed the identification of compounds in the crude extracts and guided the selection of best conditions for production of bioactive compounds.
GAS6 signaling tempers Th17 development in patients with multiple sclerosis and helminth infection
Authors: Ortiz Wilczyñski Juan M. , Olexen Cinthia M. , Errasti Andrea E. , Schattner Mirta , Rothlin Carla V. , Correale Jorge , Carrera Silva Eugenio A.
Published: December 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly disabling neurodegenerative autoimmune condition in which an unbalanced immune response plays a critical role. Although the mechanisms remain poorly defined, helminth infections are known to modulate the severity and progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. The tyrosine kinase receptors TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK (TAM) have been described as inhibitors of the immune response in various inflammatory settings. We show here that patients with concurrent natural helminth infections and MS condition (HIMS) had an increased expression of the negative regulatory TAM receptors in antigen-presenting cells and their agonist GAS6 in circulating CD11bhigh and CD4+ T cells compared to patients with only MS. The Th17 subset was reduced in patients with HIMS with a subsequent downregulation of its pathogenic genetic program. Moreover, these CD4+ T cells promoted lower levels of the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD40 on dendritic cells compared with CD4+ T cells from patients with MS, an effect that was GAS6-dependent. IL-10+ cells from patients with HIMS showed higher GAS6 expression levels than Th17 cells, and inhibition of phosphatidylserine/GAS6 binding led to an expansion of Th17 effector genes. The addition of GAS6 on activated CD4+ T cells from patients with MS restrains the Th17 gene expression signature. This cohort of patients with HIMS unravels a promising regulatory mechanism to dampen the Th17 inflammatory response in autoimmunity.
Between Us: Desire, touch and seduction as immaterial agents in augmented sonic artworks
Authors: Grant Jane
Published: December 2020

New media has expanded our experiences of art forms from the retinal to the immersive and embodied. This evolution offers novel experiences as we push the boundaries of these emerging technologies. Recently, I have been working with augmented reality headsets. These headsets sometimes separate us from the physical and the sensory, substituting the world of matter for the virtual. My research questions whether the exchange of the sensory for the digital provides an opportunity to redesign experiences that act upon the body? Developing sound design to create the illusion of touching, could our skin become a site where artworks are experienced?
Weaving quantum chaos
Authors: Thomas Paul
Published: December 2020

No matter how hard we strive to be certain, absolute certainty cannot be achieved. The article focuses on chaos to identify, conceptualize and visualize a liminal space between the classical and quantum world, where everything is in some state of chaos. The article asks questions of visualizing the invisible, indiscernible and unfathomable quantum world of subatomic particles. This quantum artistic research examines a role of atomic and subatomic particles in the search for consciousness, materially, ethically, scientifically and culturally. The burden of molecular ethics and aesthetics of care are discussed to enable a critique of the information given to us by science.
Royendo palabras
Authors: Barberá Pastor Carlos
Published: December 2020

Editorial.
Los pascolas del monte. Hombres-animales según el mito del arpa en el noroeste de México
Authors: Martínez de la Rosa Alejandro
Published: December 2020

Entre algunos grupos indígenas del noroeste de México se comparte, además de la lengua de raíz yutoazteca, la tradición de bailar pascola y venado. Dentro de la tradición dancístico-musical de los yoremem (mayos) de Sinaloa y Sonora hay dos momentos distintos en la danza de pascola, uno en el que son acompañados musicalmente con flauta y tambor y otro en el cual son acompañados con arpa y dos violines. Al terminar, se interpreta la danza del venado. En el presente artículo se cita un mito del arpa que acompaña musicalmente a la danza de los pascolas para determinar, a partir de los resultados en trabajo de campo en Sinaloa y Sonora, México, y de un análisis narrativo comparado, la relación de significados profundos de estos personajes danzantes los cuales veneran la naturaleza en un momento anterior al proceso de humanización.
El ajedrez de Omar. En torno a una cuarteta persa que admiraba Borges
Authors: Coenen Erik , Ghasemi Saideh
Published: December 2020

Jorge Luis Borges cita en uno de sus sonetos una sentencia que atribuye a Omar Jayyām, pero que proviene realmente de una de las libertades tomadas, consciente o inconscientemente, por Edward FitzGerald en su traducción inglesa de las cuartetas del persa. Después de analizar minuciosamente el sentido de la cuarteta original, demostramos en este estudio que la traducción de FitzGerald, así como, en menor medida, la francesa de Nicholas, pesa sobre muchas traducciones al español y a otras lenguas europeas. Con nuestro estudio de la transmisión de una sola cuarteta en cuestión en Occidente, concretamos e ilustramos los problemas que conlleva la transmisión y recepción de la poesía de Jayyām en general.
Retrato de poeta: vida y literatura de Jaime Gil de Biedma en El cónsul de Sodoma
Authors: Sánchez Zapatero Javier
Published: December 2020

El artículo analiza El cónsul de Sodoma, biopic del poeta Jaime Gil de Biedma. Para ello, y con el propósito de mostrar la estrecha relación que la película tiene con la literatura, se estudia su dimensión intertextual, manifestada a través de varios procedimientos temáticos, argumentales, estilísticos, expresivos y de citación. Asimismo, el artículo también se ocupa de otras cuestiones del filme como su adscripción al género del biopic literario, su correspondencia con la realidad histórica o su reflejo del ambiente literario e intelectual de Barcelona durante la segunda mitad del siglo xx.
Venezuela: calidad de las elecciones y calidad de la democracia
Authors: Kornblith Miriam
Published: December 2020

RESUMEN: Partiendo de la afirmación de Levine y Molina (2006), según la cual la calidad de la democracia depende del funcionamiento de los procesos mediante los cuales la población selecciona y controla sus gobernantes, en este trabajo se examina el caso venezolano, haciendo especial énfasis en el análisis de la dinámica electoral del período marcado por la presidencia de Chávez (1999-2006). Dicho examen nos lleva a concluir que el régimen sociopolítico venezolano actual puede ser caracterizado más adecuadamente como un «régimen autoritario electoral», más que como una democracia representativa convencional. Los rasgos autoritarios del gobierno venezolano actual explicarían la baja puntuación obtenida por Venezuela en los índices de Freedom House. Sin embargo, este examen también nos lleva a considerar la pertinencia de los supuestos de la calidad de la democracia en el contexto de un cambio de régimen que explícitamente se aleja de las aspiraciones e ideales que sustentan el concepto, dimensiones e indicadores de la calidad de la democracia propuestos.ABSTRACT: Taking off from the affirmation by Levine and Molina that «the quality of democracy depends on the operation of procedures whereby the population selects and controls its government», this article examines the dynamics of elections during the Presidency of Chávez, (1999-2006). This examination leads to the conclusion that the current regime is better characterized as «an autoritarian electoral regime» than as a conventional representative democracy. This re-definition explains the low scores obtained by Venezuela both in Freedom House. At the same time, this study throws light on the bases of democracy and of definitions of quality of democracy in a regime that explicitly rejects the very ideals and aspirations that underlie the definitions, dimensions and indicators of democracy itself.
Brasil y Argentina: política externa para América Latina en tiempos recientes
Authors: Gomes Saraiva Miriam
Published: December 2020

RESUMEN: Desde el principio de su gestión, el presidente Lula da Silva busca profundizar de forma más activa el comportamiento en relación a América Latina que Brasil ya venía adoptando en la gestión anterior. La seguridad en América del Sur, identificada con la estabilidad democrática, viene articulada a la intención brasileña de construir un papel de liderazgo en la región. En este proceso, la diplomacia brasileña está asumiendo progresivamente un papel cada vez más protagónico. Argentina, a su vez, busca un espacio propio de actuación frente a los temas sudamericanos que dificulte una proyección autónoma brasileña. La búsqueda, por parte de la diplomacia argentina, de un espacio propio frente a la región está ocupando un lugar destacado en el arco de las acciones externas del país. El objetivo de este artículo es examinar estos dos comportamientos y compararlos, teniendo siempre en cuenta las posibilidades/dificultades de una acción conjunta de los dos países en relación a terceros Estados de la región. Con este propósito, el texto está dividido en cuatro partes y algunas consideraciones finales. La primera y la segunda parte presentan características importantes de las políticas exteriores argentina y brasileña desde una perspectiva histórica, que tuvieron impacto en sus respectivos comportamientos frente a temas sudamericanos. La tercera trata directamente de las políticas externas de Argentina y Brasil para la región, mientras la cuarta se centra en los gobiernos actuales.ABSTRACT: From the beginning of his administration, President Lula da Silva has been seeking a deeper & more active role in Latin America, continuing with the former administration’s policy. The Brazilian concerns with the security situation in South America identified with democratic stability, comes articulated to its intention of creating a leadership in the region. In this process, Brazilian diplomacy is increasingly assuming a leading role. Argentina, in turn, looks for its own space of performance regarding South American topics that could limit an autonomous Brazilian projection. The search, for Argentinean diplomacy, of an own space towards the region, is occupying a key role in the country’s external performances. The aim of this article is to examine these two behaviours comparing them, taking into account the possibilities/difficulties of a joint action of both countries regarding third States of the region. With this purpose, the article is organised in four parts with some remarks at the end. The first and the second parts present features of Argentinean and Brazilian foreign policies that influenced the behavior of both towards the region, in a historical perspective. The third one moves to Argentinean and Brazilian foreign policies on the region, while the fourth one examines specifically these behaviors during current governments.
El desempeño de los partidos políticos en las elecciones para la Cámara de Diputados en Brasil
Authors: Souza Telles Helcimara de
Published: December 2020

RESUMEN: El artículo analiza el desempeño electoral de los partidos políticos brasileños, encuadrados como bloques ideológicos de derecha, centro e izquierda, en las elecciones para la Cámara de Diputados, en el período de 1982-2002. Los resultados demostraron que la izquierda crece en todas las regiones brasileñas y no hay indicios de reducción del apoyo a ésta en las próximas elecciones para la Cámara de Diputados. Se confirma también que la desproporcionalidad del sistema partidista afectó a la representación de los partidos en la Cámara de Diputados, resultando en sobrerrepresentación de los partidos más conservadores y subrepresentación de la izquierda.ABSTRACT: The article analyzes the electoral performance of Brazilian political parties, identifying them as right, center and left ideological blocs, in the elections for the Chamber of Deputies for the period 1982-2002. The results proved that the left grows in all Brazilian regions and there is no evidence of reduction of its support for the next elections. It is confirmed also that the disproportional party system affected party representation in the Chamber of Deputies, over-representing conservative parties and under-representing the left.
BENTUK DAN MAKNA REDUPLIKASI ADJEKTIVA DALAM BAHASA MINANGKABAU DIALEK SUNGAYANG DI KAB.TANAH DATAR
Authors: Hutri Kemala , Deliana Deliana , Nasution Khairina
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe the forms and meanings of adjectival reduplication in the Minangkabau language, the Sungayang dialect in Kab. Tanah Datar. One of the regional languages in Indonesia. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, the data source is from oral and written data with data techniques using the listening method and proficient method, then data analysis using the matching method and the separate method through the markup reading technique. The results showed that the form of adjective reduplication in the Minangkabau language, Sungayang dialect, was (1) whole repetition, (2) partial repetition (3) repetition with phoneme changes, and (4) affix repetition. The meaning contained in the Minangkabau language reduplication is (1) the reduplication of the Minangkabau adjective in the basic form shows the plural meaning, (2) the meaning of reduplication which states the nature of a person who states what is meant by the root word, (3) the reduplication of the adjective in the Minangkabau language which Showing someone stating facts about the inheritance of the root word, (4) reduplication of the adjective in Minangkabau which shows the plural meaning of the root in question. Besides having a grammatical meaning, the reduplication of the Minangkabau language adjective also has idiomatic, metaphorical meanings and for refining or obscuring statements.
THE SOUND CORRESPONDENCE OF TEOCHEW, HAKKA, AND CANTONESE
Authors: Novita Sherly , Widayati Dwi , Tarigan Bahagia
Published: December 2020

This research is based on a theory in Historical Comparative Linguistics. This theory is also called a diachronic theory, which involves the analysis of the form and regularity of changes in common languages such as those accompanied by sound changes. The objects of the research are Teochew (TC), Hakka (HK), and Cantonese (CO) dialects used in Medan city. These three dialects are categorized into the Sino-Tibetan family. Sino-Tibetan (ST) as one of the largest language families in the world, with more first-language speakers than even Indo-Europeans, is having more than 1.1 billion speakers of Sinitic (the Chinese dialects) constitute the world's largest speech community. According to STEDT (Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus), Chinese is considered as a Sino-Tibetan language family. The research method used is the qualitative method. The data collection method and technique used to refer to the conversation method with the techniques of recording and writing. The data were analyzed using the qualitative method of glottochronology. The result of the research shows that TC, HK, and CO were related in terms of sound correspondences and were separated thousands of years ago. TC and HK were related and both corresponded identically one similar vowel, one similar consonant, and one different phoneme, and one similar syllable. TC and CO were related and both corresponded to one similar vowel, one similar vocalic cluster, one similar consonant, and one different phoneme, and one similar syllable. HK and CO were related and both corresponded identically, one similar vowel, one similar consonant, one different phoneme, one different vocalic cluster, and one similar syllable. From all the findings and discussion in this research, the writer has concluded that HK and CO are the closest dialects among the three compared dialects.
Chronic Corticosterone Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in Y-Maze
Authors: Srivastava Prachi
Published: December 2020

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects more than 16.1 million American adults (about 6.7% of the U.S. population age 18+) in a given year (ADAA). Understanding how chronic stress impacts decision-making may allow us to help people suffering from MDD receive the most suitable antidepressant treatment given their behavioral tendencies in reward and motivational processing. In these experiments, our objective is to characterize effort-related choice tasks using chronic stressors in mice. To study this topic, we take advantage of the well-validated homology between corticosterone (CORT) in rodents and cortisol in humans to induce mood disorders such as MDD and chronic stress in mice. Effort-related choice tasks have been characterized using stressors in rats, but the stressors have not been chronic and have not been characterized in mice. The results of these experiments would be a better foundation for research involving antidepressant treatment experiments on mice. The experimental group was administered CORT in their drinking water throughout all experiments. Then, both the control and experimental groups were tested in a Y-Maze barrier task to demonstrate the behavioral effects of CORT. The high reward (HR) arm of the Y-Maze contained a reward of four food pellets, which required high effort to obtain. The low reward (LR) arm of the Y-Maze contained a reward of two food pellets, which required less effort to obtain Animals chronically exposed to CORT displayed a stronger preference for low-effort, low-reward choices than control subjects. The results suggest that chronic CORT may reduce motivation to work for a highly rewarding reinforcer when a less rewarding reinforcer is available.
Characterizing and Evaluating the Diverse Microbial Communities and Their Mercury Resistance Potential from Hot Spring Sites Representing Gradients in Temperature and pH in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Rassadkina Yelizaveta , Roth Spencer , Barkay Tamar
Published: December 2020

Yellowstone National Park is home to many different hot springs, lakes, geysers, pools, and basins that range in pH, chemical composition, and temperature. These different environmental variations provide a broad range of conditions that select and grow diverse communities of microorganisms. In this study, we collected samples from geochemically diverse lakes and springs to characterize the microbial communities present through 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis. This information was then used to observe how various microorganisms survive in high mercury environments. The results show the presence of microorganisms that have been studied in previous literature. The results also depict gradients of microorganisms including thermophilic bacteria and archaea that exist in these extreme environments. In addition, beta diversity analyses of the sequence data showed site clustering based primarily on temperature instead of pH or sample site, suggesting that while pH, temperature, and sample site were all shown to be significant, temperature is the strongest factor driving microorganism community development. While it is important to characterize the microorganism community present, it is also important to understand how this community functions as a result of its selection. Along with looking at community composition, genomic material was tested to see if it contained mercury methylating (hgcA) or mercury reducing (merA) genes. Out of 22 samples, three of them were observed to have merA genes, while no samples had hgcA genes. These results indicate that microorganisms in Mustard and Nymph Springs may use mercury reduction. Understanding how microorganisms survive in environments with high concentrations of toxic pollutants is crucial because it can be used as a model to better understand mechanisms of resistance and the biogeochemical cycle, as well as for bioremediation and other solutions to anthropogenic problems.
Review of Directed motivational currents and language education: Exploring implications for pedagogy; Author: Christine Muir; Publisher: Multilingual Matters, 2020; ISBN: 978-1-78892-884-7; Pages: 252
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: December 2020

The construct of a directed motivational current (DMC), or “. . . a surge of motivational energy that seemingly picks an individual up and carries them sometimes unimaginable distances” (p. xvi) was introduced into research on motivation in second and foreign language (L2) learning less than a decade ago (e.g., Dörnyei, Ibrahim, & Muir, 2015; Muir & Dörnyei, 2013). Despite being a relative newcomer to the field, the concept has provided an impulse for empirical investigations which have primarily focused on validating its core assumptions and proposed dimensions using largely qualitative methodology (e.g., Safdari & Maftoon, 2007; Zarrinabadi & Tavakoli, 2017). The book Directed Motivational Currents in Language Education: Implications for Pedagogy by Christine Muir is another valuable addition to this line of inquiry and it can be seen in a way as a follow-up to and extension of the monograph Motivational Currents in Language Learning: Frameworks for Focused Interventions that she co-authored with Zoltán Dörnyei and Alastair Henry in 2016. Since I had the opportunity to write a review of this volume for Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching (Pawlak, 2017), I was all the more curious to see how research on DMCs has progressed and what promise it currently holds for L2 pedagogy. Therefore, the moment the publisher contacted me with the suggestion that SSLLT might be a good venue for a review, I immediately jumped on the offer and simply felt compelled to take on this task myself. I have to say from the get-go that the book has lived up to my expectations and, although I might be somewhat skeptical about some of the implications for classroom practice, I have to admit that Christine Muir’s work represents a so-much-needed step forward in the study of DMCs. This certainly cannot too often be said about all the apparently innovative ideas introduced into the domain of second language acquisition research.
ORIGEN Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA GIMNASIA RÍTMICA MASCULINA: UN CAMINO HACIA LA IGUALDAD DE DERECHOS
Authors: CAMBIELLA PEREIRA Carmen , MARTÍNEZ GORROÑO M.ª Eugenia
Published: December 2020

Los principios olímpicos recogidos en la Carta Olímpico reflejan la filosofía del Movimiento Olímpico. Uno de esos principios es la no discriminación por razones de sexo o de género. La gimnasia rítmica es uno de los pocos deportes olímpicos con participación exclusivamente femenina. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido rescatar el origen de este deporte y su evolución, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, y reflexionar si actualmente, y en relación con este deporte, se cumplen en la práctica los principios fundamentales base del ideario Olímpico. Con tal perspectiva, se realizó el análisis documental de la Carta Olímpica, de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos y de la documentación de los archivos de la Real Federación Española de Gimnasia (RFEG), así como de fuentes hemerográficas especializadas. Por otro lado, se celebró una entrevista semiestructurada de final abierto al gimnasta español Rubén Orihuela Gavilán. La información y los resultados fueron objeto de contraste y triangulación, y mostraron que la gimnasia rítmica no tiene restricciones en cuanto a su práctica, en cambio a nivel competitivo, los eventos en los que los gimnastas pueden participar son escasos. En este sentido en España se documentan impulsos equilibradores de estas circunstancias, mostrando un avance pionero en este sentido, como la concesión de la primera licencia federativa masculina del mundo o la celebración del primer Campeonato Nacional Masculino de Gimnasia Rítmica celebrado en Gijón el 2009. Por todo ello, es preciso señalar que tanto la Federación Internacional de Gimnasia (FIG) como las federaciones nacionales tienen en sus manos la posibilidad de generar el impulso que la gimnasia rítmica masculina necesita, propiciando la visibilidad de este deporte y el aumento de su práctica, aspecto que también condiciona la participación olímpica.
Universitarios y Confinamiento. Factores Socio-personales que Influyen en sus Niveles de Ansiedad y Empatía
Authors: Íñiguez-Berrozpe Tatiana , Lozano-Blasco Raquel , Quílez-Robres Alberto , Cortés Pascual Alejandra
Published: December 2020

El cierre de los centros educativos, incluidas las universidades, y la orden de estado de alarma, con el consiguiente confinamiento de la población, ha afectado a todos los niños, adolescentes y jóvenes del territorio español. No obstante, mientras la comprensible preocupación por el estado emocional de los niños ha sido evidente por parte de las instituciones y la sociedad en general, menos atención ha recibido la salud mental de los jóvenes universitarios confinados. En el presente artículo exploramos los niveles de ansiedad y empatía de una muestra de n = 124 universitarios, residentes en Aragón, a partir de las escalas Beck-II Depression Inventory (BDI-II) y Baron-Cohen y Wheelwright's Empathy Quotient (EQ), y de los factores socio-personales que les están influyendo durante el estado de alarma. Para ello, tras un análisis preliminar descriptivo y mediante correlaciones, aplicamos un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Los resultados muestran, por un lado, que el sexo del entrevistado, el tipo de hogar (personas con las que convive) y el aumento en el consumo de TV influyen en los niveles de ansiedad. Por otra parte, los niveles de empatía vienen condicionados por la situación laboral de la madre durante el confinamiento y el tener que ayudar a otras personas fuera del hogar.
Settlement dynamics of the Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina (Temm.) on the Crimean Peninsula
Authors:   I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tsvelykh A. N. , Kucherenko V. M. ,   Taurida National V. I. Vernadsky University
Published: December 2020

The expansion of Oenanthe isabellina in Ukraine began at the end of 1950s - early 1960s. The Isabelline Wheatear settled along the coast of the Sea of Azov from east to west and appeared on the Crimean Peninsula later than in the regions located to the west of it. Since the late 1960s, this species has been nesting near the mouth of the Dnipro River which located in the west of the Crimean Peninsula. The nesting of Oenanthe isabellina was found in the northern part of the Crimean Peninsula in 1973. In the mid-1980s, the Isabelline Wheatear inhabited the northwestern coast of Crimea and appeared far in the east - on the Kerch Peninsula. In the southeastern part of the peninsula the range of the Wheatear reached the Black Sea coast by the end of the 1980s, when the species nesting was found near Feodosia. In the southeastern part of Crimea, the Isabelline Wheatear continued to settle along the Black Sea coast in a westerly direction in the 1990s: its nesting was found near Sudak. In the central Crimea, the species range reached the northern foothills of the Crimean Mountains at this time. The species expansion to the south slowed down by the beginning of the 2000s. In the western Crimea, the southernmost settlement of the Isabelline Wheatear was found near Evpatoria. In the northern foothills of the Crimean Mountains (Central Crimea), the range border has not changed. There were no significant changes in the southeastern Crimea during this period - in the 2000s, O. isabellina nested near Sudak as in the 1990s. The species expansion almost stopped in Crimea in the 2010s. The settling of the Isabelline Wheatear in the steppe regions of the southwestern Crimea did not occur, possibly due to the absence of little ground squirrel settlements, whose burrows birds usually use for nesting. The border of the O. isabellina range has moved southward on about 100 km for three decades - from the beginning of the 1970s to the beginning of the 2000s -, i.e. the settlement speed of the species in Crimea was about 3 km per year.
Logical consequence relations in logics of monotone predicates and logics of antitone predicates
Authors:   Kiev Taras Shevchenko National University, Shkilniak O.S.
Published: December 2020

Logical consequence is one of the fundamental concepts in logic. In this paper we study logical consequence relations for program-oriented logical formalisms: pure first-order composition nominative logics of quasiary predicates. In our research we are giving special attention to different types of logical consequence relations in various semantics of logics of monotone predicates and logics of antitone predicates. For pure first-order logics of quasiary predicates we specify composition algebras of predicates, languages, interpretation classes (sematics) and logical consequence relations. We obtain the pairwise distinct relations: irrefutability consequence P |= IR , consequence on truth P |= T , consequence on falsity P |= F, strong consequence P |= TF in P-sеmantics of partial singlevalued predicates and strong consequence R |= TF in R-sеmantics of partial multi-valued predicates. Of the total of 20 of defined logical consequence relations in logics of monotone predicates and of antitone predicates, the following ones are pairwise distinct: PE |= IR, PE |= T, PE |= F, PE |= TF, RM |= T, RM |= F, RM |= TF. A number of examples showing the differences between various types of logical consequence relations is given. We summarize the results concerning the existence of a particular logical consequence relation for certain sets of formulas in a table and determine interrelations between different types of logical consequence relations.
Appliсation of the phase correlation algorithm and its extension in the optical stabilizer of unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors:   NTUU ", Dreval O.L. ,   KPI", Doroshenko А.Yu. ,   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The use of the phase correlation algorithm as the basis of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) Optical Stabilizer on purpose to determine the displacement of the housing relative to the surface is described. Also, the possibility of application of the phase correlation algorithm extensions to increase accuracy and reduce computing costs is considered. The algorithm implementation in bot MATLAB language and C is provided. The computational complexity of the algorithm implementation in C was experimentally analyzed in the scope of embedded systems. The proposed algorithm gives not only an auxiliary possibility to stabilize the aircraft position but also to calculate absolute position of the aircraft in space.
Modeling Communication Between the Public and the Authorities while Implementing Innovative Projects in the Context of E-Democracy and Public Administration
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Shyian A.A. , Azarova A.O. ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Nikiforova L.O. ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Tkachuk L.M. ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Azarova V.V. ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: December 2020

Introduction. E-democracy and e-government become an increasingly common attribute of people's lives, since they give is an opportunity to attract population masses to the discussion of both economic and social, as well as managerial innovations. The society urgently requires innovation in the organization of public and regional administration. Problem Statement. Adjemoglu and Robinson have shown that the necessary factor for the success of public or region development is the presence of inclusive political and economic institutions. Inclusive institutions involve the widest possible population in decision-making. Moreover, namely the political institutions (which are crucial for involving as much as possible the public to making decision) determine successful development of society. Innovative projects are the driver of economic development, so the involvement of the general public in their discussion, decision-making, implementation and analysis of the results is an extremely important factor. Many authors have emphasized that the digitalization of information is an important factor for the formation and development of a developed society. Purpose. The purpose of this research is to develop approaches to modeling the communication channels of the public and authorities under the conditions of innovation project implementing in the context of e-democracy and public administration. Materials and Methods. The research uses the methods of system analysis, game theory, structural, functional, and logical analysis. Results. Innovative projects are supported primarily by the middle class, as evidenced by the Hotelling model (the median voter model). The analysis of existing in Ukraine functional model of communication between the public and the authorities while implementing innovation projects has revealed a number of its shortcomings. To correct them, a scheme for optimizing the communication between the authorities and the public by means of e-democracy while implementing an innovation project has been proposed. The necessity of attracting media, experts, and analysts at each stage of the implementation of the innovation project has been justified. Conclusions. The described communication channel includes electronic media and the community of experts and analysts as compulsory components. It enables the creation an effective system of feedbacks between the authorities and the public which allows making optimal decisions and monitoring the socio-economic development of society.
Development of Concentration Technology for Medium-Impregnated Hematite Quartzite of Kryvyirih Iron Ore Basin
Authors:   Kryvyi Rih National University, Stupnik M.I. , Peregudov V.V. ,   State Institute for Designing Enterprises of Mining Industry "Kryvbasproekt" (SE SPI Kryvbasproekt), Morkun V.S. ,   Kryvyi Rih National University, Oliinyk T.A. ,   Kryvyi Rih National University, Korolenko M.K. ,   PJSC Zaporizkyi Iron-Ore Works
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Trends in developing Ukraine’s metallurgy in the context of using its mineral raw base indicate prospects for mining hematite quartzite deposits. Problem Statement. The problem of producing high-quality hematite ore concentrates is associated with the fact that aggregates of martite, goethite, marshallit quartz, and other low hard minerals can be easily reground while crushing and grinding. This results in increased content of fine particles (slimes), which decreases selectivity of separating ore and non-metallic minerals. One of the ways to solve this problem is gentle ore grinding Purpose. Developing a technology of dry and wet concentration for hematite quartzite from Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Basin. Materials and Methods. While conducting the research, a set of methods are used including generalization of research data; chemical and mineral analysis of ore and concentration products prior to and after concentrating by magnetite and gravitation methods; mathematical modeling of processes; technological testing in laboratory and industrial conditions. Results. Magnetic and gravitation separation is used for hematite ore concentration. Sintering ore with Fe content of 55.1% and concentrates of 62.32-64.69% Fe have been produced from hematite ore. Iron extraction in marketable products makes up 73.6-80.49%. Conclusions. There have been developed technologies for dry and wet concentration for hematite quartzites of Kryvyi Rih Iron Ore Basin. For the first time, magnetic separation has been suggested to be used for hematite ore concentration. This has enabled producing concentrates with an iron content over 64.0%, decreasing ore grinding front by at least 40% as compared with the initial one, and reducing operation and capital expenses by over 30%.
New records of Cuscuta L. (Convolvulaceae) in Central-West Brazil
Authors: De Moura Costa Carol , Boaretto Amanda , Porto Alegre Ferreira Priscila , Soares da Silva Simone , Cecília Nepomuceno Silmara , Brentan Silva Denise , Macedo Alves Flávio
Published: December 2020

The genus Cuscuta L. (Convolvulaceae) are holoparasitic plants with cosmopolitan distributions, and they are usually difficult to identify. Based on several new field collections, we present three new floristic records from this genus in Central-West Brazil. Cuscuta platyloba Progel and Cuscuta partita Choisy are cited for the first time from Mato Grosso do Sul state, while Cuscuta xanthochortos var. carinata Mart., which was previously only known from southern Brazil, is also shown to be present in the Central-West region of the country. An identification key of Cuscuta species from Mato Grosso do Sul is also provided.