bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential impact of gut Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum on hepatic histopathological changes in non-cirrhotic hepatitis C virus patients with different viral load
Authors: Ashour Zeinab , Shahin Rasha , Ali-Eldin Zeinab , El-Shayeb Mohamed , El-Tayeb Tarek , Bakr Salwa
Published: June 2022

Background

Composition of gut microbiota has recently been suggested as a key factor persuading the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases including hepatic cirrhosis.

Objective

To evaluate the potential impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum microbiota on the progression of hepatic histopathological changes among patients with non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection with different viral load. Additionally, to assess fecal composition of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC-4356 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC-11863 microbiota genotypes

Material and methods

This study was carried out on 40 non-cirrhotic chronically infected HCV patients, and 10 healthy-controls. Liver biopsy and HCV genomic viral load were assessed for all patients after full clinical examination. Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC-4356 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC-11863 microbiota were assessed in all fecal samples using PCR assay, after counting total lactic acid bacteria.

Results

There was a significantly higher difference between the count of both total lactic acid and Lactobacillus acidophilus of healthy controls compared to patients (P-value < 0.001). Though the count of total lactic acid bacteria, and Lactobacillus acidophilus were higher in the cases with early stage of fibrosis (score ≤ 1) compared to those with score > 1, there were no statistically significant differences with both the serum level of hepatitis C viremia (P = 0.850 and 0.977 respectively) and the score of fibrosis (P = 0.246 and 0.260 respectively). Genotypic analysis for the composition of the studied microbiota revealed that diversity was higher in healthy controls compared to patients.

Conclusions

The progression of hepatic fibrosis in HCV chronically infected patients seems to be plausible based on finding the altered Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum gut microbiota composition. Thus, modulation of these microbiota seems to be a promising target for prevention and control of HCV infection.
HNF1B-MODY Masquerading as Type 1 Diabetes: A Pitfall in the Etiological Diagnosis of Diabetes
Authors: Francis Youmna , Tiercelin Clarisse , Alexandre-Heyman Laure , Larger Etienne , Dubois-Laforgue Danièle
Published: June 2022

Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1B (HNF1B) maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), also referred to as “renal cysts and diabetes syndrome” or MODY-5, is a rare form of monogenic diabetes that is caused by a deletion or a point mutation in the HNF1B gene, a developmental gene that plays a key role in regulating urogenital and pancreatic development. HNF1B-MODY has been characterized by its association with renal, hepatic and other extrapancreatic features.

We present the case of a 39-year-old female patient who was first diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, but then, owing to the absence of anti-islet autoantibodies and to the disease’s progression, was labeled later on as having atypical type 2 diabetes. She was finally recognized as having HNF1B-MODY, a diagnosis that had been suggested by the lack of metabolic syndrome and by the presence of unexplained chronically disturbed liver function tests and hypomagnesemia. There was a 10-year delay between the onset of diabetes and the molecular diagnosis. An atypical form of diabetes, especially in patients with multisystem involvement, should raise suspicion for an alternative etiology. A timely diagnosis of HNF1B-MODY is of utmost importance since it can greatly impact diabetes management and disease progression as well as family history.
Always Thinking in Motion: An Interview with Anthony Bogues
Authors: Judy R. A.
Published: June 2022

This interview with Anthony Bogues was conducted over two days in March 2021 as part of a larger project initiated by Paul Bové, editor of boundary 2, to constitute an archive, for the historical record, of the intellectual formation of members of the boundary 2 Editorial Collective. The idea of that project was somewhat along the lines of Count Gian Artico di Porcía's Enlightenment enterprise to solicit from Italy's preeminent scholars what he termed their “periautography”—what Leibniz, who most likely inspired Porcía through the mediation of Louis Bourguet and Abbé Conti, characterized as the history of their discoveries and the steps by which they have arrived at them—for the education of the young.
Revenant of the Future
Authors: Lloyd David
Published: June 2022

This review of Seamus Deane's posthumously published volume of essays, Small World: Ireland, 1798–2018, is also a preliminary effort to assess the career and intellectual importance of a major Irish scholar, critic, and public intellectual. While the essays gathered in Small World focus on Deane's lifelong contributions, critical and polemical, to the analysis of Irish culture and the Troubles (1969–98), they reveal Deane to have been a thoroughly cosmopolitan intellectual whose work on Ireland and colonialism is of global import.
The effect of gillnet twine thickness on catching efficiency and selectivity for common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) fishery in Marmara Lake
Authors: Dereli Hakkı , Kebapçıoğlu Turhan , Şen Yusuf , Ölçek Zeki Serkan , Dinçtürk Ezgi , Ulman Aylin
Published: June 2022

The effects of multifilament gillnet twine thickness on selectivity and catching efficiency for the common carp fishery were investigated in this study. Sampling was carried out with multifilament gillnets of two different twine thicknesses (with 210d/2 and 210d/3) on 140, 150, 160, 180, 200 mm mesh sizes between June 2015 and December 2016 in Marmara Lake, located in Western Turkey. Higher modal lengths and lower catch per unit effort (CPUE) values and lower sub-minimum landing size (MLS) individuals rate (excluding 180 and 200 mm mesh sizes) were obtained in the thick multifilament material (210d/3) with the same mesh size compared to thin material (210d/2). All mesh sizes in both twine thickness provided modal lengths above the MLS. However, the thin twine material had a higher nominal percentage of undersized fish (8%), greater than the 5% accepted limit for total catches when all mesh sizes are considered together. As a result, the modal lengths and spread values increased and the selectivity and catching efficiency decreased with the thicker twine material.
Diagnosis of bacterial fish diseases and classification of serotypes with slide agglutination method
Authors: Kumaş Kaan , Tanrıkul Tevfik Tansel
Published: June 2022

Bacterial fish pathogens cause significant losses in rainbow trout farms. In fish farms, bacterial pathogens cause threatening diseases which has made it necessary to develop rapid methods for disease diagnosis. Serological techniques which are applied with a small amount of antiserum and sample, are preferred for the rapid diagnosis of fish diseases. In this study, formalin-killed antigens prepared from reference strains of Lactococcus garvieae, Yersinia ruckeri, and Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum were injected intravenously in consecutive doses to New Zealand rabbits. One week after the last injection, the sera separated to use in the slide agglutination tests. A total of 42 strains were studied, including Y. ruckeri (18 isolates), V. anguillarum (14 isolates), and L. garvieae (7 isolates) and 3 references (ATCC 43305, ATCC 29473, ATCC 49156) strains. Serotype O1 determined the predominant serotype (86%) in V. anguillarum and Y. ruckeri (84%) strains examined by the slide agglutination method. L. garvieae strains did not react against Japanese antisera but positively reacted against Turkish L. garvieae antisera.
Weight and color evaluation of whole and filleted carp by image analysis
Authors: Gümüş Bahar , Gümüş Erkan , Balaban Murat Ömer
Published: June 2022

Weight estimation of whole fish and fillets, and skin color of whole fish and fillet meat colors of the male and female scaled and mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated by image analysis. After measuring the weight of 10 scaled and 10 mirror carp and their fillets, pictures of both sides of whole fish, and meat side of fillets were taken in a light box. The relationship between weight (W) and view area (V) was calculated by linear (W = A + BV), and power (W = A VB) equations. According to the power equation B values, scaled and mirror carps showed positive allometric growth in culture conditions. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the parameters of whole fish left and right sides, as well as whole fish gender. The same was true for right and left fillets, and female and male fish fillets. For both left and right sides scaled and mirror carp had no difference between average L*, a* and b* values (P>0.05). Also, there was no difference between average L*, a* and b*values of male and female of scaled and mirror carp fillets (P>0.05). Image analysis can be used to determine the size, weight, view area and skin and meat color of two carp species and their fillets.
Stuffed mussels in Turkish culinary culture: Ottoman Empire period
Authors: Çolakoğlu Fatma , Yüzgeç İbrahim Ulaş , Çolakoğlu Serhat
Published: June 2022

Food and nutrition habits of societies are mostly shaped depending on the geography they live in and settle in their cultures over time. It is seen that the food culture of the Turks is shaped by the changing geography, climate, local products and various cultural interactions. Stuffed mussels is a type of street food that entered Turkish culinary culture during the Ottoman Empire. In fact, “dolma” is a name given to vegetables and fruits stuffed with rice, bulgur, meat, nuts, peanuts and spices, but in Turkish cuisine, this dish is served with almost all kinds of main ingredients; meat, chicken, seafood, vegetables, etc., can be made. Stuffed mussels is a unique flavor and practical product obtained by stuffing with a mixture of rice and spices. This product, the style of manufacture and content of which may vary slightly depending on the manufacturer, has become identical to Istanbul, its birthplace, and has come from the Ottomans to the present without slowing down.
Abstract Book of the 20th European Conference of Internal Medicine
Authors: Authors of ECIM Authors of ECIM
Published: June 2022

Abstract Book of the 20th European Conference of Internal Medicine Internal Medicine in the Frontline of the Health Care
Colostomy irrigation: a job worth doing
Authors: Mcallister Vicki , Mcmeekin Tracey
Published: June 2022

Although colostomy irrigation has been around for many years, there seems to be some reluctance among stoma care nurses (SCNs) to offer irrigation as an option for patients to manage their colostomy. By gaining an insight into the common practices of ostomates that have established colostomy irrigation, the authors hoped to increase SCNs' knowledge of the practical process of irrigation. In turn, the authors also hoped to increase SCNs' confidence in promoting irrigation. The authors' own experience of teaching irrigation has brought positive feedback; however, they felt they needed supporting evidence from a wider cohort of patients to suggest that irrigation does have a positive impact on quality of life. Results from the authors' short piece of work was overwhelmingly positive and the authors hope that, by sharing these results, more SCNs will be encouraged to offer irrigation.
Abduction, Dialogue and the Learning Paradox: How Metaphor Choice Affects Teaching in Multicultural Schools
Authors:   Department of Education, Practice and Society, Institute of Education, University College London, United Kingdom, Ruankool Nopparat
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT The learning paradox, an ancient inquiry found in Plato’s Meno, is still widely discussed today. It focuses on the puzzle of how students acquire new understandings out of the knowledge they already possess. Richard Prawat’s concept of abduction, or the use of metaphor by teachers, is a compelling answer, but not all metaphors are equally effective for all students, especially in multicultural schools where students have different cultural backgrounds and understandings. The utilization of a fixed metaphor that only some students comprehend can limit the learning opportunities of others. This article attempts to address this concern through applying Nicholas Burbules’ concept of'dialogue to the abductive process. Dialogue allows greater mutual understanding between learning counterparts despite their differences and opens up possibilities for other relevant metaphors. Consequently, the integration of dialogue in the abductive process assists a more equal acquirement of knowledge and enriches learning more holistically and meaningfully. Keywords: Learning paradox, Abduction, Dialogue, Metaphor, Multicultural schools.
Supplemental information for "Vision and Radar Steering Reduces Agricultural Sprayer Operator Stress without Compromising Steering Performance"
Authors: Burgers Travis
Published: June 2022

The document includes:

Supplemental methods for analyzing the Drivedb datasets.

A description of how steering performance was calculated from the dataset used in Burgers et al. (2021).

Table S1: Summary table of pass results by steering type and subject.

Tables S2–S4: Segment information, durations, number of stressful events, and stressful event rates for the drive04, drive10 and drive15 Drivedb datasets. These may be useful to replicate the calculation of stressful events.

Table S5: A summary of the Drivedb stressful events, total time, and total stressful event rate by dataset.

Table S6: Study details of the referenced studies of Figure 8 for steering performance by speed and steering type.
Supplemental data for "Vision and Radar Steering Reduces Agricultural Sprayer Operator Stress without Compromising Steering Performance"
Authors: Burgers Travis
Published: June 2022

Pass measurements.csv

This dataset contains the pass-level metrics calculated from each pass.

It includes the following information: subject number, field number, pass number, steering type, unique pass identification number, time (s), speed (kph), distance (m), number of stressful events, stressful event rate, magnitude all stressful events (uS), magnitude/stressful event (uS), duration all stressful events (s), duration/stressful event (s), area under curve all stressful events (uS-s), area under curve/stressful event (uS-s), XTE SD (cm), number of zero crossings, zero crossing/min.

Stressful events dataset.csv

This file contains data from each stressful event.

It includes the following information: valley EDA (uS), peak EDA (uS), magnitude (uS), duration (s), area under curve (uS-S), field number, pass number, subject number, and steering type.

Steering performance datasets.csv

This file contains the 5-Hz or 2-Hz data from each pass that was used to evaluate steering performance.

It includes the following information: unique pass identification number, pass time (s), x (m), y (m), speed (kph), XTE (cm), field number, pass number, subject number, steering type.

This may be a useful dataset to analyze the position and speed of sprayers in fields.

Histograms datasets.csv

This file contains the datasets for the histogram graph (Figure 7). 

It includes the following information: XTE bin left edge (cm), XTE bin right edge (cm), S1, S2, S3, S4 frequencies of measurements within those bins.

Literature steering performance dataset.csv

This file contains the data used for the graph that compares the steering performance results from this study to those reported in the literature.

It includes the following information: first author, year, steering type, steering metric type, speed (kph), SD speed (kph), steering metric value (cm), SD steering metric (cm), comment.
A comparative study among dairy goat breeds in Lumajang and Malang (East Java, Indonesia) based on milk organoleptic and milk composition
Authors: Fatmawati Mira , SUWANTI LUCIA TRI , Mufasirin Mufasirin , Hambarrukmi Woro , SUKESI LUCIA ENDAH , Rofiah Rofiah , Novianto Endra , WAHYUTYAS BINAR KINASIH
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Fatmawati M, Suwanti LT, Mufasirin, Hambarruk W, Sukesi LE, Rofiah, Novianto E, Wahyuningtyas BK. 2022. A comparative study among dairy goat breeds in Lumajang and Malang, East Java based on milk organoleptic and milk composition. Biodiversitas 23: 2899-2903. The Regencies of Lumajang and Malang have the potential for local dairy goats to support food security and food safety. In Lumajang and Malang there are a diversity of dairy goats that breed Senduro, Crossbreed Etawa, Sapera, and Menggolo. This study aimed to compare the milk quality of various breeds of dairy goats in Lumajang and Malang regencies based on organoleptic and composition tests. The total sample was 161 milk samples from Lumajang (115 dairy goats) and Malang (56 dairy goats). The organoleptic test of milk was carried out by testing the freshness, smell, taste, viscosity, and color of the milk. The milk composition test used lactoscan. The analysis consisted of the Chi-Square test for organoleptic and the Kruskal Wallis for milk composition test. The results show that the quality of goat's milk is of premium quality. The order of milk quality based on fat content is milk from Menggolo, Senduro, Etawa, and Sapera breeds. This study concluded that the breed of dairy goat influence the composition and quality of goat's milk. The milk quality of all dairy goat breeds from Lumajang and Malang was premium quality, but the Menggolo goat is the best, so it can be developed to increase local food productivity.
The abundance of arthropods and natural enemies on two growth phases of hybrid corn, Solok District, Indonesia
Authors: HERVANI DINI , SARI SILVIA PERMATA
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Hervani D, Sari SP. 2022. The abundance of arthropods and natural enemies on two growth phases of hybrid corn, Solok District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2966-2972. Solok District, West Sumatra, Indonesia is one of Indonesia's hybrid corn production regions. As yet, the study of arthropods is still limited. This study aimed to study the abundance and diversity of arthropods in the hybrid maize agroecosystem in Solok District, West Sumatra. The research was conducted from May to November 2020 in Tanah Garam Sub-district, Solok District. The sampling was carried out four times in two growth phases of hybrid corn: vegetative (the age of 20 and 40 days after planting/DAP) and the generative phase (the age of 60 and 80 DAP). The arthropod collection was conducted using a yellow trap and a modified vacuum technique. The identification process was carried out at the Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Andalas University. The study found two classes of arthropods in a hybrid cornfield in Solok District, namely Arachnida and Insecta. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index value (H') was 1.383, and the evenness index of species (J') was 0.997. A total of  2,927 individual arthropods, 80 families, 8 orders,  and 3 classes, were recorded in the hybrid corn ecosystem in Solok District. Insect class (2,866 individuals) dominated the diversity of arthropods, where the majority of the arthropods found belong to groups of natural enemies such as predators and parasitoids. Conservation of natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) is one of the main factors in supporting the success of pests biologically, so the act of identifying natural enemies in an area is very important.
Morpho-physiological responses of iaa9 tomato mutants to different levels of PEG simulated drought stress
Authors: SUMINAR ERNI , BUDIARTO RAHMAT , NURAINI ANNE , MUBAROK SYARIFUL , EZURA HIROSHI
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Suminar E, Budiarto R, Nuraini A, Mubarok S, Ezura H. 2022. Morpho-physiologicalresponsesof iaa9 tomato mutants to different levels of PEG simulated drought stress. Biodiversitas 23: 3115-3126.This study aimed to analyze the morphological and physiological responses of iaa9 mutants and its WT-MT to different levels of drought stress in in vitro growing medium. This study applied a completely randomized design with two factors, i.e., tomato genotypes and polyethylene glycol (PEG) - induced drought stress levels. The factor of varieties consisted of three levels, i.e., WT-MT as control (G1), iaa9-3(G2), and iaa9-5 (G3). The factor of PEG-induced drought stress also consisted of four levels, i.e., 0% PEG as control (PEG0), 5% PEG (PEG5), 10% PEG (PEG10), and 15% PEG (PEG15). The results observed 12 weeks after culture showed the variations of the morpho-physiological response of WT-MT and mutant genotypes to PEG-induced in vitro drought stress. The WT-MT showed a higher reduction in plantlet height, root number, and root length than mutants under severe drought conditions. The plantlet fresh and dry weight of iaa9-3and iaa9-5were higher than its WT-MT under no drought conditions. The total chlorophyll content of WT-MT was lower than iaa9-5due to the significant gain of chlorophyll-b on that mutant rather than its WT-MT. However, the analysis of principal components and correlation revealed the reduction of morphological size and leaf pigment content in response to drought stress, irrespective of genotype factor. These results suggest that in vitro selection techniques using PEG is useful for the initial screening of drought-tolerant tomato.
Diversity, risk and management feasibility of invasive alien plants in the border zone of Sicike-cike Nature Tourism Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: HUDA MUHAMMAD KOMARUL , PASARIBU NURSAHARA , SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI , SIREGAR ETTI SARTINA
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Huda MK, Pasaribu N, Syamsuardi, Siregar ES. 2022. Diversity, risk and management feasibility of invasive alien plants in the border zone of Sicike-cike Nature Tourism Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3156-3165. Invasive alien species (IAS) threaten native ecosystems and biota either directly or indirectly. Once colonizing, invasive plant species tend to dominate a landscape, hindering other native vegetation from growing. Thus, the invasion of alien plant species needs attention moreover in protected areas such as Nature Tourism Park (Taman Wisata Alam/TWA) Sicike-cike, Dairi District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Besides its importance for nature conservation, TWA Sicike-cike is culturally essential for Pakpak Dairi ethnic community as well as economically for ecotourism. Yet, anecdotal evidence showed the presence of several invasive alien plants around the park. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and composition of invasive alien plants within the vegetation community in TWA Sicike-cike and to assess the risk value and management feasibility of the IAS. Purposive sampling using line transect method was conducted to collect data with a total of 120 observation plots established along 6 transects. Risk value was assessed based on invasiveness, impact and potential distribution. Management feasibility was assessed based on cost, current distribution and persistence. The results showed that Asteraceae was the most dominant family of invasive plants in the studied area with four species. At the species level, Imperata cylindrica was invasive alien plant species with the highest important value index (IVI) of 57.65% and a high-risk value of 235.8, followed by other species including Ageratum conyzoides, Chromolaena odorata, Clidemia hirta and Melastoma malabathricum. In terms of management feasibility, the existence of I. cylindrica is recommended for direct eradication, while other IAS management recommendations, included monitoring and area protection for further invasion by the species.
Vegetation development in post-gold mining revegetation area in Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: LESTARI KANIA GITA , BUDI SRI WILARSO , SURYANINGTYAS DYAH TJAHYANDARI , YUDHIMAN EKA
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Lestari KG, Budi SW, Suryaningtyas DT, Yudhiman E. 2022. Vegetation development in post-gold mining revegetation area in Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3224-3233. Gold mining activities in Indonesia, in many areas, have a negative impact on the environment. Activities that can improve the quality of post-mining land include revegetation activities, which are included in post-mining land reclamation activities. The purpose of this study was to analyze the development of vegetation in post-gold mining revegetation areas. Vegetation data were collected using the plotted line method (natural forest) and the Systematic Sampling method with Random Start (revegetation area). The analysis found that the vegetation structure in the post-gold mining revegetation area aged 3 to 10 years has complete vegetation levels (saplings, saplings, poles, and trees). Compared to natural forest, which only includes 30 tree species and 7 herbaceous, this revegetation region has a greater diversity of species, with 66 tree species and 16 herbaceous. The longer the age of revegetation is not followed by an increase in species and an increase in the value of the species diversity index. However, it is still better than the revegetation at a young age and is closer to the condition of a natural forest. The revegetation area aged 8 and 7 years has a higher number of species than natural forests and other revegetation areas.
The potential of young and old Euphorbia hirta leaves extract as antibacterial against Escherichia coli and antihelminthic against Ascaridia galli obtained in Sentul chickens
Authors: PUSPITASARI MARYATI , ABUN ABUN , ROCHANA ANA , WIDJASTUTI TUTI
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Puspitasari M, Abun, Rochana A, Widjastuti T. 2022. The potential of young and old Euphorbia hirta leaves extract as antibacterial against Escherichia coli and antihelminthic against Ascaridia galli obtained in Sentul chickens. Biodiversitas 23: 3243-3250. The declining production of indigenous Sentul chickens is due to pathological microbes in the digestive tract. Euphorbia hirta or patikan kebo is a weed exhibiting active compounds that are expected to remove Escherichia coli and Ascaridia galli from the digestive tracts of chicken. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of E. coli and anthelmintic A. galli from the ethanol extract of E. hirta. The anthelmintic activity was analyzed in a completely randomized design with four doses (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg/mL) and five replicates. Mortality time series data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test. While a probit analysis determined the Lethal Concentration (LC50) and Lethal Time (LT50), experiments on antibacterial activity were performed by the microdilution method. The result showed a powerful anthelmintic activity in ethanol extracted from both young and old leaves. However, LC50 and LT50 were higher in young leaves than the old ones. While antibacterial activity against E. coli was apparent from ethanol extract in old and young leaves. Old leaves have a Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of 3.125% lower than young leaves (12.5%).
Upconverted persistent luminescent
Zn3Ga2SnO8: Cr3+,
Yb3+, Er3+ phosphor for composite
anti-counterfeiting ink
Authors: Ge Pinghui , Chen Shan , Tian Yingxi , Liu Shengkai , Yue Xuetao , Wang Lin , Xu Chonghe , Sun Kangning
Published: June 2022

Herein, a novel colorless anti-counterfeiting luminous ink composite material, to the
best of our knowledge, was prepared by incorporating upconverted
persistent luminescent

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(ZGSO: Cr,Yb,Er) phosphors into a
resin solution, followed by stirring. Owing to its small particle size
and uniform distribution, ZGSO: Cr, Yb, Er exhibits long-lasting,
persistent near-infrared emission at 696 nm following the stoppage of
excitation by a 274 nm ultraviolet light and a 980 nm excitation.
ZGSO: Cr, Yb, Er composites were prepared and exhibited characteristic
peaks corresponding to upconversion and an afterglow curve following
excitation at 980 nm. With various special luminescent modes, sharp
emission peaks, and emission intensity varying over time, the emission
light of composite ink is easy to detect and not easily confused.
Furthermore, the prepared composite ink can be calligraphic,
visualized, and observable, and has good light-emitting performance
following UV excitation. Our work provides a meaningful way to
fabricate multifunctional anti-counterfeiting luminous ink composites
with an intense persistent luminescence for use in anti-counterfeiting
signs, inspection imaging, and other complex industrial
applications.
Two concepts for ultra-high-resolution polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography with a single camera
Authors: Cense Barry , Maddipatla Reddikumar , Cervantes Lozano Francisco Joel , Joo Chulmin
Published: June 2022

Two designs with a multiplexed superluminescent diode for
ultra-high-resolution spectral-domain polarization-sensitive optical
coherence tomography (UHR-PS-OCT) are introduced. In the first design,
a Wollaston prism separates orthogonal polarization states next to
each other on one linescan camera; the other design uses a beam
displacer to separate orthogonal states onto two lines of a linescan
camera with multiple rows of detectors. The coherence lengths measured
with the two systems were 3.6 µm and 2.9 µm (

n
=

1.38

), respectively. Measurements were
collected from the fovea of a healthy subject, a healthy subject with
astigmatism, and a patient with central serous retinopathy (CSR). A
single volumetric scan provides double pass retardance induced by the
retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence (RNFL) and its birefringence,
the cumulative double pass retardance induced by the Henle fiber
layer, and the retardance that is induced by the retinal pigment
epithelium–Bruch’s membrane complex. The high axial resolution in
UHR-PS-OCT is particularly helpful for the measurements of thin
retinal tissue, such as the RNFL in the fovea, where birefringence
values of around 1°/µm were found. Tilting of the retina due to a CSR
or by off centering the imaging beam in the pupil causes an artificial
increase in the double pass retardance induced by the RNFL and Henle
fiber layer.
4D dual-mode staring hyperspectral-depth imager for simultaneous spectral sensing and surface shape measurement
Authors: Luo Jing , Forsberg Erik , Fu Shuai , Xing Yuxin , Liao Jiaqi , Jiang Jiong , Zheng Yuhao , He Sailing
Published: June 2022

A 4D dual-mode staring hyperspectral-depth imager (DSHI), which acquire reflectance spectra, fluorescence spectra, and 3D structural information by combining a staring hyperspectral scanner and a binocular line laser stereo vision system, is introduced. A 405 nm laser line generated by a focal laser line generation module is used for both fluorescence excitation and binocular stereo matching of the irradiated line region. Under the configuration, the two kinds of hyperspectral data collected by the hyperspectral scanner can be merged into the corresponding points in the 3D model, forming a dual-mode 4D model. The DSHI shows excellent performance with spectral resolution of 3 nm, depth accuracy of 26.2 µm. Sample experiments on a fluorescent figurine, real and plastic sunflowers and a clam are presented to demonstrate system’s with potential within a broad range of applications such as, e.g., digital documentation, plant phenotyping, and biological analysis.
Monolithic 3D phase profile formation in glass for spatial and temporal control of optical waves
Authors: Wei Bowen , Cheng Zongyue , Cai Dawen , Cui Meng
Published: June 2022

Optical manufacturing technologies play a central role in modern science and engineering. Progress on both subtractive and additive fabrications is transforming the implementation of optical technologies. Despite the recent advances, modern fabrication still faces challenges in the accuracy, dimension, durability, intensity, and wavelength range. Here we present a direct monolithic 3D phase profile formation in glass and demonstrate its versatile applications for high-accuracy spatial and temporal control of optical waves in the extreme wavelength and intensity domains, direct fabrication of microlenses, and in situ aberration correction for refractive components. These advances and flexibilities will provide a new dimension for high-performance optical design and manufacture and enable novel applications in a broad range of disciplines.
Arbitrary higher-order optical spatial state generation by using spontaneously broken degeneracy modes in helically twisted ring-core hole assisted fibers
Authors: Fujisawa Takeshi , Saitoh Kunimasa
Published: June 2022

A helically twisted ring-core hole assisted fiber (HAF) is proposed for an arbitrary higher-order spatial state generation. In usual circular core fibers, HE and EH modes are degenerate and have vector field distributions. We will show the degeneracy of these modes having specific azimuthal mode order is lifted by periodically placing air-holes around the core with specific symmetry while preserving their vector field distributions. It is called spontaneously broken degeneracy (SBD) in this paper. Azimuthal order of the SBD modes can be changed with the arrangement of surrounding air-holes. By using this SBD modes, it is shown that arbitrary higher-order spatial state generation, including orbital angular momentum (OAM) state, is possible based on a geometric phase existing in twisted fibers. Furthermore, by using periodically inverted twisting, efficient OAM state generation is possible by accumulating the geometric phase. The topological charge can be changed by changing the arrangement of surrounding air-holes. Since the mechanism does not depend on a phase matching, such as a long-period grating, but on a topological effect, the wavelength dependence is very small, leading to novel and efficient mechanism for the manipulation of the spatial state of the light.
Hyperspectral image super-resolution based on the transfer of both spectra and multi-level features
Authors: Cao Xuheng , Lian Yusheng , Liu Zilong , Zhou Han , Hu Xiangmei , Huang Beiqing , Zhang Wan
Published: June 2022

Existing hyperspectral image (HSI) super-resolution methods fusing a high-resolution RGB image (HR-RGB) and a low-resolution HSI (LR-HSI) always rely on spatial degradation and handcrafted priors, which hinders their practicality. To address these problems, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method with two transfer models: a window-based linear mixing (W-LM) model and a feature transfer model. Specifically, W-LM initializes a high-resolution HSI (HR-HSI) by transferring the spectra from the LR-HSI to the HR-RGB. By using the proposed feature transfer model, the HR-RGB multi-level features extracted by a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) are then transferred to the initialized HR-HSI. The proposed method fully exploits spectra of LR-HSI and multi-level features of HR-RGB and achieves super-resolution without requiring the spatial degradation model and any handcrafted priors. The experimental results for 32 × super-resolution on two public datasets and our real image set demonstrate the proposed method outperforms eight state-of-the-art existing methods.
Simultaneous prediction of antibody backbone and side-chain conformations with deep learning
Authors: Akpinaroglu Deniz , Ruffolo Jeffrey A. , Mahajan Sai Pooja , Gray Jeffrey J.
Published: June 2022

Antibody engineering is becoming increasingly popular in medicine for the development of diagnostics and immunotherapies. Antibody function relies largely on the recognition and binding of antigenic epitopes via the loops in the complementarity determining regions. Hence, accurate high-resolution modeling of these loops is essential for effective antibody engineering and design. Deep learning methods have previously been shown to effectively predict antibody backbone structures described as a set of inter-residue distances and orientations. However, antigen binding is also dependent on the specific conformations of surface side-chains. To address this shortcoming, we created DeepSCAb: a deep learning method that predicts inter-residue geometries as well as side-chain dihedrals of the antibody variable fragment. The network requires only sequence as input, rendering it particularly useful for antibodies without any known backbone conformations. Rotamer predictions use an interpretable self-attention layer, which learns to identify structurally conserved anchor positions across several species. We evaluate the performance of the model for discriminating near-native structures from sets of decoys and find that DeepSCAb outperforms similar methods lacking side-chain context. When compared to alternative rotamer repacking methods, which require an input backbone structure, DeepSCAb predicts side-chain conformations competitively. Our findings suggest that DeepSCAb improves antibody structure prediction with accurate side-chain modeling and is adaptable to applications in docking of antibody-antigen complexes and design of new therapeutic antibody sequences.
Bonobos assign meaning to food calls based on caller food preferences
Authors: Shorland Gladez , Genty Emilie , Neumann Christof , Zuberbühler Klaus
Published: June 2022

Human communication relies heavily on pragmatic competence. Speech utterances are often ambiguous requiring listeners to use interaction history, shared knowledge, presumed intention and other contextual variables to make inferences about a speaker’s meaning. To probe the evolutionary origins of pragmatic competence we tested whether bonobos (Pan paniscus) can make inferences about the type of food available from listening to other group members’ food calls. We trained two group members to either prefer blue or pink chow and demonstrated these preferences to observers. A third group member served as an untrained control. In playback experiments, we broadcast the food calls of a trained demonstrator and the untrained group member to investigate whether subjects were able to infer which coloured chow was most likely available, based on the callers’ trained food preferences or lack thereof. As predicted, when hearing the untrained group member’s calls, subjects did not exhibit a bias, whereas they responded with a significant foraging bias when hearing a trained group member’s calls. These findings suggest that bonobos may take into account the idiosyncratic food preferences of others, although subjects probably differed in what they remembered.
Penalties for industrial accidents: The impact of the Deepwater Horizon accident on BP’s reputation and stock market returns
Authors: McGuire William , Holtmaat Ellen Alexandra , Prakash Aseem
Published: June 2022

Do visible industrial accidents damage firms’ reputations and depress their stock market returns, and do these penalties spill over to other firms in the industry? On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon offshore oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico leased by BP exploded and sank, causing 11 deaths and the largest marine oil spill in US history. We examine the impact of this accident on BP’s reputation and stock market performance using data from YouGov’s BrandIndex and Capital IQ’s financial data for the period 2007–2017. We employ a synthetic control analysis to examine the extent and duration of these penalties. We find that in the aftermath of the Deepwater accident, BP’s reputation declined by approximately 50% relative to the synthetic control, and this decline persisted through the end of 2017. Yet, in terms of financial market returns, though the stock price dropped drastically in the first two months, we do not find a statistically significant decline in the stock market returns either in the mid-term (1–2 years) or the long term (2–7 years). In terms of spillover effects, we find no evidence of reputational damage or a decline in stock market returns for other oil and gas firms. These findings suggest that while environmental accidents invite swift and lasting reputational penalties, they might not depress the stock market performance in the long run. Moreover, the impact either on reputation or stock market returns does not necessarily spill over to other firms in the same industry.
Deep learning for behaviour classification in a preclinical brain injury model
Authors: Teoh Lucas , Ihalage Achintha Avin , Harp Srooley , F. Al-Khateeb Zahra , Michael-Titus Adina T. , Tremoleda Jordi L. , Hao Yang
Published: June 2022

The early detection of traumatic brain injuries can directly impact the prognosis and survival of patients. Preceding attempts to automate the detection and the assessment of the severity of traumatic brain injury continue to be based on clinical diagnostic methods, with limited tools for disease outcomes in large populations. Despite advances in machine and deep learning tools, current approaches still use simple trends of statistical analysis which lack generality. The effectiveness of deep learning to extract information from large subsets of data can be further emphasised through the use of more elaborate architectures. We therefore explore the use of a multiple input, convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (LSTM) integrated architecture in the context of traumatic injury detection through predicting the presence of brain injury in a murine preclinical model dataset. We investigated the effectiveness and validity of traumatic brain injury detection in the proposed model against various other machine learning algorithms such as the support vector machine, the random forest classifier and the feedforward neural network. Our dataset was acquired using a home cage automated (HCA) system to assess the individual behaviour of mice with traumatic brain injury or non-central nervous system (non-CNS) injured controls, whilst housed in their cages. Their distance travelled, body temperature, separation from other mice and movement were recorded every 15 minutes, for 72 hours weekly, for 5 weeks following intervention. The HCA behavioural data was used to train a deep learning model, which then predicts if the animals were subjected to a brain injury or just a sham intervention without brain damage. We also explored and evaluated different ways to handle the class imbalance present in the uninjured class of our training data. We then evaluated our models with leave-one-out cross validation. Our proposed deep learning model achieved the best performance and showed promise in its capability to detect the presence of brain trauma in mice.
A pilot study on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in the US
Authors: Gu Mofan , Taylor Bruce , Pollack Harold A. , Schneider John A. , Zaller Nickolas
Published: June 2022

To explore the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in the US, we surveyed three groups of individuals (essential non-healthcare workers, general healthcare workers, and correctional healthcare workers). We found surprisingly high portions of healthcare workers with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy/resistance, with 23% of correctional healthcare workers and 17% general healthcare workers (as compared to 12%) refusing to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Multivariate regression models suggest that current season flu vaccination (aOR = 3.34), relying on employer for COVID-19 information (aOR = 3.69), and living in the Midwest (aOR = 5.04) to be strongly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among essential workers and general healthcare workers. Current season flu vaccination (aOR = 7.52) is also strongly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among correctional healthcare workers. Potential mechanisms of vaccine hesitancy/resistance among healthcare workers involves low health literacy and employer mistrust. Our findings are highly relevant as we try to reach COVID-19 vaccination goals in the US.
Can dogs reduce stress levels in school children? effects of dog-assisted interventions on salivary cortisol in children with and without special educational needs using randomized controlled trials
Authors: Meints Kerstin , Brelsford Victoria L. , Dimolareva Mirena , Maréchal Laëtitia , Pennington Kyla , Rowan Elise , Gee Nancy R.
Published: June 2022

Prolonged or excessive stress negatively affects learning, behavior and health across the lifespan. To alleviate adverse effects of stress in school children, stressors should be reduced, and support and effective interventions provided. Animal-assisted interventions (AAI) have shown beneficial effects on health and wellbeing, however, robust knowledge on stress mediation in children is lacking. Despite this, AAIs are increasingly employed in settings world-wide, including schools, to reduce stress and support learning and wellbeing. This study is the first randomized controlled trial to investigate dog-assisted interventions as a mediator of stress in school children with and without special educational needs (SEN) over the school term. Interventions were carried out individually and in small groups twice a week for 20 minutes over the course of 4 weeks. We compared physiological changes in salivary cortisol in a dog intervention group with a relaxation intervention group and a no treatment control group. We compared cortisol level means before and after the 4 weeks of interventions in all children as well as acute cortisol in mainstream school children. Dog interventions lead to significantly lower stress in children with and without special educational needs compared to their peers in relaxation or no treatment control groups. In neurotypical children, those in the dog interventions showed no baseline stress level increases over the school term. In addition, acute cortisol levels evidenced significant stress reduction following the interventions. In contrast, the no treatment control group showed significant rises in baseline cortisol levels from beginning to end of school term. Increases also occurred in the relaxation intervention group. Children with SEN showed significantly decreased cortisol levels after dog group interventions. No changes occurred in the relaxation or no treatment control groups. These findings provide crucial evidence that dog interventions can successfully attenuate stress levels in school children with important implications for AAI implementation, learning and wellbeing.