bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nötige und unnötige Behandlungen beim Hämorrhoidalleiden: Der Patient bestimmt mit
Authors: Zindel Joel , Inglin Roman , Brügger Lukas
Published: December 2014

Das Hämorrhoidalleiden ist eine häufige Krankheit an der bis zu einem Drittel der Bevölkerung leidet. Handelt es sich nicht um eine Notfallsituation mit akutem Hämorrhoidalprolaps oder Thrombose, so sollte wegen der minimalen Morbidität primär konservativ behandelt werden. Eine Stuhlregulation mit faserreicher Ernährung und/oder Quellmitteln ist dabei der erste Behandlungspfeiler, wird aber auch perioperativ empfohlen und dient der Langzeitprophylaxe. Gegebenenfalls kann zusätzlich vorübergehend mit Salben oder Suppositorien und/oder Flavonoiden behandelt werden. Die meisten Patienten werden dadurch beschwerdefrei, so dass von einem interventionellen oder invasiven Eingriff abgesehen werden kann. Erst bei persistierenden Symptomen kommen, bei Grad I–II Hämorrhoiden zunächst interventionelle, und bei höhergradigen bzw. therapierefraktären Hämorrhoiden, operative Therapien zum Einsatz. Interventionell konnte sich die Gummibandligatur als Therapie der Wahl etablieren. Ein vergleichbarer Effekt der Sklerosierungs- und Infrarottherapie wurde bisher nicht gezeigt. Wir können die Methoden daher nicht empfehlen. Die Selbstbehandlung mit analer Bougierung zeigt insbesondere bei Vorliegen eines erhöhten Sphinkterdruckes Erfolge und kann, relativ risikolos versucht werden. Gewisse chirurgische Verfahren wie die anale Dilatation, die Sphinkterotomie, die Kryochirurgie, die bipolare Diathermie, die galvanische Elektrotherapie und die Hitzebehandlung können aufgrund schlechter Resultate oder fehlender Daten nicht mehr empfohlen und müssen als obsolet betrachtet werden. Lange Zeit galt die klassische Hämorrhoidektomie bei der Behandlung des höhergradigen Hämorrhoidalleidens als operativer Goldstandard. Dabei ist die geschlossene Variante nach Ferguson bezüglich postoperativen Schmerzen und Wundheilung der offenen Variante nach Milligan-Morgan eher überlegen. Die in jüngerer Zeit vorgeschlagene, alternative Technik der Stapler-Hemorrhoidopexie nach Longo hat sich, insbesondere bei zirkulären Befunden, durchsetzen können. Die Longo-Operation ist der klassischen Methode in punkto postoperativer Schmerzen, Wiedererlangen der Arbeitsfähigkeit, Hospitalisationsdauer und Operationszeit überlegen, zeigt aber mehr Rezidive. Daten zur Hämorrhoiden-Arterien-Ligatur (HAL), allenfalls in Kombination mit rekto-analem-repair (HAL/RAR) zeigen einen ähnlichen Trend: bessere Verträglichkeit, mehr Rezidive. Diese „neueren“ Verfahren eignen sich auch für die Behandlung von höhergradigen Hämorrhoiden (Grad III und IV nach Parks) und können im Falle der Stapler-Hämorrhoidopexie auch bei Notfallsituationen wie dem akuten Hämorrhoidalprolaps erfolgreich zur Anwendung kommen. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen können gewisse Methoden äquivalent eingesetzt werden, während für andere Situationen klare Spezifitäten bezüglich Anwendung der einzelnen Behandlungen bestehen. Diese Vor- und Nachteile sollen dem Patienten dargelegt werden, so dass ein auf seine Bedürfnisse zugeschnittener Behandlungsplan entwickelt werden kann.
Meine Hände schmerzen so sehr!
Authors: Rüst Christoph A. , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat
Published: December 2014

Wir stellen den Fall eines 48-jährigen Mannes vor, der sich beim Hausarzt wegen Schmerzen der Hände meldete. In einem ersten Schritt wurde ein beidseitiges Karpaltunnelsyndrom nachgewiesen, im weiteren Verlauf eine Akromegalie. Karpaltunnelsyndrom, gestörte Glukosetoleranz sowie ein radiologischer Befund im Bereich der Sella waren die Hinweise für die Diagnose der Akromegalie.
Measuring Impact of Stress in Sandwich Generation Caring for Demented Parents
Authors: Solberg Laurence M. , Solberg Lauren B. , Peterson Emily N.
Published: December 2014

Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.
Ionizing radiations sustain glioblastoma cell dedifferentiation to a stem-like phenotype through survivin: possible involvement in radioresistance
Authors: Dahan P , Martinez Gala J , Delmas C , Monferran S , Malric L , Zentkowski D , Lubrano V , Toulas C , Cohen-Jonathan Moyal E , Lemarie A
Published: November 2014

Glioblastomas (GBM) are some bad prognosis brain tumors despite a conventional treatment associating surgical resection and subsequent radio-chemotherapy. Among these heterogeneous tumors, a subpopulation of chemo- and radioresistant GBM stem-like cells appears to be involved in the systematic GBM recurrence. Moreover, recent studies showed that differentiated tumor cells may have the ability to dedifferentiate and acquire a stem-like phenotype, a phenomenon also called plasticity, in response to microenvironment stresses such as hypoxia. We hypothesized that GBM cells could be subjected to a similar dedifferentiation process after ionizing radiations (IRs), then supporting the GBM rapid recurrence after radiotherapy. In the present study we demonstrated that subtoxic IR exposure of differentiated GBM cells isolated from patient resections potentiated the long-term reacquisition of stem-associated properties such as the ability to generate primary and secondary neurospheres, the expression of stemness markers and an increased tumorigenicity. We also identified during this process an upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin and we showed that its specific downregulation led to the blockade of the IR-induced plasticity. Altogether, these results demonstrated that irradiation could regulate GBM cell dedifferentiation via a survivin-dependent pathway. Targeting the mechanisms associated with IR-induced plasticity will likely contribute to the development of some innovating pharmacological strategies for an improved radiosensitization of these aggressive brain cancers.
Acute focal brain damage alters mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in axotomized neurons
Authors: Cavallucci V , Bisicchia E , Cencioni M T , Ferri A , Latini L , Nobili A , Biamonte F , Nazio F , Fanelli F , Moreno S , Molinari M , Viscomi M T , D'Amelio M
Published: November 2014

Mitochondria are key organelles for the maintenance of life and death of the cell, and their morphology is controlled by continual and balanced fission and fusion dynamics. A balance between these events is mandatory for normal mitochondrial and neuronal function, and emerging evidence indicates that mitochondria undergo extensive fission at an early stage during programmed cell death in several neurodegenerative diseases. A pathway for selective degradation of damaged mitochondria by autophagy, known as mitophagy, has been described, and is of particular importance to sustain neuronal viability. In the present work, we analyzed the effect of autophagy stimulation on mitochondrial function and dynamics in a model of remote degeneration after focal cerebellar lesion. We provided evidence that lesion of a cerebellar hemisphere causes mitochondria depolarization in axotomized precerebellar neurons associated with PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 accumulation and Parkin translocation to mitochondria, block of mitochondrial fusion by Mfn1 degradation, increase of calcineurin activity and dynamin-related protein 1 translocation to mitochondria, and consequent mitochondrial fission. Here we suggest that the observed neuroprotective effect of rapamycin is the result of a dual role: (1) stimulation of autophagy leading to damaged mitochondria removal and (2) enhancement of mitochondria fission to allow their elimination by mitophagy. The involvement of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in brain injury, especially in the context of remote degeneration after acute focal brain damage, has not yet been investigated, and these findings may offer new target for therapeutic intervention to improve functional outcomes following acute brain damage.
Disruption of SF3B1 results in deregulated expression and splicing of key genes and pathways in myelodysplastic syndrome hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Dolatshad H , Pellagatti A , Fernandez-Mercado M , Yip B H , Malcovati L , Attwood M , Przychodzen B , Sahgal N , Kanapin A A , Lockstone H , Scifo L , Vandenberghe P , Papaemmanuil E , Smith C W J , Campbell P J , Ogawa S , Maciejewski J P , Cazzola M , Savage K I , Boultwood J
Published: November 2014

The splicing factor SF3B1 is the most commonly mutated gene in the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), particularly in patients with refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS). We investigated the functional effects of SF3B1 disruption in myeloid cell lines: SF3B1 knockdown resulted in growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and impaired erythroid differentiation and deregulation of many genes and pathways, including cell cycle regulation and RNA processing. MDS is a disorder of the hematopoietic stem cell and we thus studied the transcriptome of CD34+ cells from MDS patients with SF3B1 mutations using RNA sequencing. Genes significantly differentially expressed at the transcript and/or exon level in SF3B1 mutant compared with wild-type cases include genes that are involved in MDS pathogenesis (ASXL1 and CBL), iron homeostasis and mitochondrial metabolism (ALAS2, ABCB7 and SLC25A37) and RNA splicing/processing (PRPF8 and HNRNPD). Many genes regulated by a DNA damage-induced BRCA1–BCLAF1–SF3B1 protein complex showed differential expression/splicing in SF3B1 mutant cases. This is the first study to determine the target genes of SF3B1 mutation in MDS CD34+ cells. Our data indicate that SF3B1 has a critical role in MDS by affecting the expression and splicing of genes involved in specific cellular processes/pathways, many of which are relevant to the known RARS pathophysiology, suggesting a causal link.
Inverse design and implementation of a wavelength demultiplexing grating coupler
Authors: Piggott Alexander Y. , Lu Jesse , Babinec Thomas M. , Lagoudakis Konstantinos G. , Petykiewicz Jan , Vučković Jelena
Published: November 2014

Nanophotonics has emerged as a powerful tool for manipulating light on chips. Almost all of today's devices, however, have been designed using slow and ineffective brute-force search methods, leading in many cases to limited device performance. In this article, we provide a complete demonstration of our recently proposed inverse design technique, wherein the user specifies design constraints in the form of target fields rather than a dielectric constant profile and in particular we use this method to demonstrate a new demultiplexing grating. The novel grating, which has not been developed using conventional techniques, accepts a vertical-incident Gaussian beam from a free-space and separates O-band (1300 nm) and C-band (1550 nm) light into separate waveguides. This inverse design concept is simple and extendable to a broad class of highly compact devices including frequency filters, mode converters and spatial mode multiplexers.
Boost Up Carrier Mobility for Ferroelectric Organic Transistor Memory via Buffering Interfacial Polarization Fluctuation
Authors: Sun Huabin , Wang Qijing , Li Yun , Lin Yen-Fu , Wang Yu , Yin Yao , Xu Yong , Liu Chuan , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito , Pan Lijia , Wang Xizhang , Hu Zheng , Shi Yi
Published: November 2014

Ferroelectric organic field-effect transistors (Fe-OFETs) have been attractive for a variety of non-volatile memory device applications. One of the critical issues of Fe-OFETs is the improvement of carrier mobility in semiconducting channels. In this article, we propose a novel interfacial buffering method that inserts an ultrathin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) between ferroelectric polymer and organic semiconductor layers. A high field-effect mobility (μFET) up to 4.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 is obtained. Subsequently, the programming process in our Fe-OFETs is mainly dominated by the switching between two ferroelectric polarizations rather than by the mobility-determined charge accumulation at the channel. Thus, the “reading” and “programming” speeds are significantly improved. Investigations show that the polarization fluctuation at semiconductor/insulator interfaces, which affect the charge transport in conducting channels, can be suppressed effectively using our method.
Olfactory Transport of Manganese: Implications for Neurotoxicity
Authors: Dorman David C. , Foster Melanie L.
Published: November 2014

Manganese neurotoxicity following inhalation results from excessive accumulation of this metal in the brain. Inhaled manganese can gain access to the brain by three main routes: (1) direct neuronal transport via olfactory or trigeminal nerve endings in the nose; (2) transport across the pulmonary epithelium and systemic blood distribution; and (3) mucociliary elevator clearance from the lung and absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. This chapter provides an update of our understanding of the first route: direct ‘nose-to-brain’ or olfactory transport of manganese. A brief description of the olfactory system anatomy is provided with emphasis on the anatomical basis for olfactory transport. The scientific evidence in support of olfactory transport is discussed, including the use of manganese as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging. The toxicological significance of this route of transport is described in terms of pathology, functional deficits, and biochemical changes.
Are There Distinguishable Roles for the Different Oxidation States of Manganese in Manganese Toxicity?
Authors: Gunter Thomas E.
Published: November 2014

The transition metal, manganese (Mn), has a complex chemistry and multiple oxidation states. Only three of these oxidation states, Mn2+, Mn3+, and Mn4+, have been found in living cells. Although Mn2+ is relatively stable and Mn4+ largely restricted to an insoluble precipitate or a role in photosynthesis, Mn3+ is a strong oxidizing agent and has been suggested to be the cause of the initial damage seen in manganese toxicity. In this review, we consider the chemistry and biology of these manganese oxidation states, some of the physical techniques that can be used to distinguish them, and the evidence found in the literature for differing effects of the different oxidation states.
Impairment of Glutamine/Glutamate-γ-aminobutyric Acid Cycle in Manganese Toxicity in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz Marta , Aschner Michael
Published: November 2014

Glutamine (Gln) is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), where it participates in a variety of metabolic pathways. In the mammalian brain, Gln functions via complex glutamine/glutamate-γ-aminobutyric acid cycle (GGC), where Gln efflux from astrocytes must be met by its influx in neurons. Manganese (Mn) toxicity is associated with the disruption of both of these critical points in the GGC, leading to the changes in Glu-ergic or GABA-ergic neurotransmission. Proper astrocyte function is imperative for glutamatergic/GABA metabolic clearance and recycling. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that Mn evokes mitochondrial abnormalities, oxidative/nitrosative stress, and morphological/functional changes of astrocytes, a major player in GGC cycling. Overdose and excessive Mn accumulations in astrocytes not only culminate in pathology, but also affect astrocytic protective properties and defect or alternate astrocyte–neuronal integrity. In this chapter, we highlight the mechanistic commonalities inherent to Mn neurotoxicity related to the astrocyte pathology and GGC impairment.
Manganese and Neuroinflammation
Authors: Kirkley Kelly A. , Tjalkens Ronald B.
Published: November 2014

Neurotoxicity due to excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) has been described as early as 1837. Despite extensive study over the past century, it is only now becoming clear that Mn neurotoxicity involves complex pathophysiological signaling mechanisms between neurons and glial cells. Glial cells are an important target of Mn in the brain, where high levels of the metal accumulate, activating inflammatory signaling pathways that damage neurons through overproduction of numerous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and inflammatory cytokines. Understanding how these pathways are regulated in glial cells during Mn exposure is critical to determining the mechanisms underlying permanent neurological dysfunction stemming from excess exposure. Neuroinflammatory activation of glial cells is an important mechanism in Mn neurotoxicity and in other degenerative conditions of the central nervous system. Recent studies have redefined the importance of astrocytes and microglia to neuronal development, homeostasis, and survival, transforming our understanding of the role of these cells from inert structural components to important components of brain physiology and pathology. This chapter will describe the role of microglia and astrocytes in the neurotoxicity of Mn and outline how Mn-dependent neuroinflammatory signaling mechanisms are regulated at a molecular level in these cell types. In addition, methods for studying interactions between glial cell types will also be discussed in context of deciphering which inflammatory signaling molecules are critical to neuronal injury during Mn exposure.
A Decade of Studies on Manganese Neurotoxicity in Non-Human Primates: Novel Findings and Future Directions
Authors: Guilarte Tomás R.
Published: November 2014

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element required for human health because it serves a cofactor function for a number of enzymes in humans. Despite its physiological function, Mn is a double-edged sword in that increased concentrations of Mn in the brain, above those needed for physiological functions, produce a neurological syndrome with behavioral, psychiatric and motor function deficits that are of great concern for human health. We came to study Mn neurotoxicity in non-human primates at a time when there was a great deal of debate and uncertainty in the scientific literature about the role of Mn in idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and its underlying mechanism of toxicity in dopaminergic neurons. There was emerging evidence from human studies that exposure to excess levels of Mn resulted in neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive function deficits. In this chapter, I will describe the beginning of our studies on Mn neurotoxicity in non-human primates, what we have discovered, and the new direction that the research has taken. It is important to emphasize that the studies have been a collective effort from many colleagues and collaborators in many departments and research institutions. Only using this transdisciplinary approach could we have accomplished the science that we are doing today and the important findings that are defining the role of Mn in human health and disease.
Imaging Modalities for Manganese Toxicity
Authors: Dydak Ulrike , Criswell Susan R.
Published: November 2014

Rapidly advancing imaging technology has been essential to the study of manganese (Mn) toxicity in vivo. Over the past few decades, imaging techniques have been effectively utilized as markers of Mn exposure and to investigate the biological effects of Mn neurotoxicity. This chapter will review several of the imaging modalities that have made an impact in Mn neurotoxicity research. The scope of this chapter will include discussions of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and functional MRI (fMRI), as well as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and X-ray fluorescence imaging. For each modality, the basic principle of the imaging technique will be briefly described to facilitate proper data interpretation and understanding of limitations. This will be followed by a discussion on the main research findings using that modality, and how they have shaped our understanding of Mn toxicity.
Cognitive Effects of Manganese in Children and Adults
Authors: Lucchini Roberto , Zoni Silvia
Published: November 2014

The interest in cognitive effects associated with manganese (Mn) exposure has constantly grown in the last 20 years. Mn is an essential element for humans, but concentrations even slightly exceeding the homeostatic range can affect cognition, especially in sensitive early life exposure windows. Exposure to Mn may impact adults and children differently, as based on different mechanisms. This chapter summarizes the main findings about the effect of manganese on specific cognitive domains, both in children and in adults, occupationally or environmentally exposed. A reduction of the intelligent quotient as a general cognitive deficit, and impairment of executive functions, memory, academic achievement, and mental development have been shown as a result of early life exposure to Mn. These outcomes are mainly related to high Mn content in drinking water but also to Mn airborne emission from ferroalloy and mining operations. New data on Mn exposure of pregnant mothers are also available as a result of the application of Mn-based fungicides. Adult studies have shown Mn-related effects on attention, memory, perceptual and motor speed, and visuospatial scanning abilities. The exposure route for adults is inhalation, from direct occupational exposure such as welding or caused by living in the vicinity of industrial emissions.
Manganese and Prion Disease
Authors: Jin Huajun , Harischandra Dilshan S. , Choi Christopher , Martin Dustin , Anantharam Vellareddy , Kanthasamy Arthi , Kanthasamy Anumantha G.
Published: November 2014

Prion diseases are a class of fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by misfolding of the endogenous prion protein (PrPC) induced by exposure to the pathogenic conformational isomer of PrP (PrPSc) or by heritable mutation of PrPC. Although the exact role of the protein has yet to be determined, considerable evidence reveals prion protein to be a metalloprotein harboring divalent metal-binding sites for various cations such as copper, manganese, zinc, and nickel. Despite low-affinity binding to prion protein, when manganese interacts with prion, it can alter the development and transmission of prion disease. In this chapter, the role of metals in the pathogenesis of prion disease will be discussed. Particular emphasis will be placed on the link between manganese and PrPC.
Growth of Metal Silicide Nanowires and Their Spintronic and Renewable Energy Applications
Authors: Pokhrel Ankit , DeGrave John P. , Liang Dong , Higgins Jeremy M. , Jin Song
Published: December 2014

Metal silicides comprise a large family of refractory intermetallic materials that have diverse physical properties and many applications, including complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices, thin film coatings, bulk structural components, electrical heating elements, thermoelectric, and solar energy conversion. One-dimensional (1D) silicide nanomaterials, such as nanowires (NWs), are currently being investigated for potential enhancement of these applications and realizing potential new applications such as the use of magnetic skyrmion domains in spintronic device applications. However, the growth of silicide NWs is challenging due to the complex phase behaviors between metals and Si and the many stoichiometries and structures of the resulting compounds. Several synthetic approaches have been developed to overcome this challenge, as evidenced by the increasing literature reports of silicide NWs in the last decade. In this chapter, we review the various strategies currently used to directly grow free-standing silicide NWs, discuss the challenges in understanding the nucleation and growth of silicide NWs, and present the intriguing physical properties and emerging applications of silicide NWs in spintronic and renewable energy. Emphasis will be given to the physics of the recently discovered magnetic skyrmions and the recent study of magnetic B20 monosilcide NWs towards the goals of realizing their spintronics and magnetic information storage applications.
A multi-residue analysis of sulphonamides in edible animal tissues using QuEChERS extraction and HPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Abdallah Hiba , Arnaudguilhem Carine , Lobinski Ryszard , Jaber Farouk
Published: November 2014

A HPLC double reaction monitoring MS/MS method was developed for the determination of a wide range (>20) of sulphonamide residues in several edible animal (sheep, pork, beef, chicken and dromedary) tissues.
Photoelectrochemical glucose biosensor in flow injection analysis system based on glucose dehydrogenase immobilized on poly-hematoxylin modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Dilgin Didem Giray , Gökçel H. İsmet
Published: November 2014

In this study, a photoelectrochemical glucose biosensor is presented, comprising electropolymerized hematoxylin film on poly-amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers adsorbed on glassy carbon electrode (poly-HT/PAMAM/GCE).
Droplet-assisted fabrication of colloidal crystals from flower-shaped porphyrin Janus particles
Authors: Wang T. , Chen S. R. , Jin F. , Cai J. H. , Cui L. Y. , Zheng Y. M. , Wang J. X. , Song Y. L. , Jiang L.
Published: November 2014

Porphyrin colloidal crystals were fabricated from flower-shaped Janus particles by a two-step droplet condensation process.
In situ observation of the evaporation-induced self-assembling process of PS-b-PEO diblock copolymers for the fabrication of titania films by confocal laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Kimura Tatsuo , Shintate Morio , Miyamoto Nobuyoshi
Published: November 2014

The formation of PS-b-PEO micelles was directly observed by CLSM at the initial stage of the drying process for fabricating a highly porous titania film.
A novel hydrophilic polymer-brush pattern for site-specific capture of blood cells from whole blood
Authors: Hou Jianwen , Shi Qiang , Ye Wei , Fan Qunfu , Shi Hengchong , Wong Shing-Chung , Xu Xiaodong , Yin Jinghua
Published: November 2014

A novel hydrophilic PAMPS–PAAm brush pattern is fabricated to selectively capture blood cells from whole blood.
An efficient method to enhance the stability of sulphide semiconductor photocatalysts: a case study of N-doped ZnS
Authors: Zhou Yansong , Chen Gang , Yu Yaoguang , Feng Yujie , Zheng Yi , He Fang , Han Zhonghui
Published: November 2014

Photocorrosion of ZnS was effectively prevented during the photocatalytic process by bandgap engineering.
Katoite under pressure: an ab initio investigation of its structural, elastic and vibrational properties sheds light on the phase transition
Authors: Erba Alessandro , Navarrete-López Alejandra M. , Lacivita Valentina , D'Arco Philippe , Zicovich-Wilson Claudio M.
Published: December 2014

Structural, elastic and vibrational properties of the katoite hydrogarnet are investigated as a function of pressure, up to 65 GPa, with anab initiosimulation. A group-subgroup phase transition is found to occur in the 5–15 GPa range of pressure.
Intra-residue interactions in proteins: interplay between serine or cysteine side chains and backbone conformations, revealed by laser spectroscopy of isolated model peptides
Authors: Alauddin Mohammad , Biswal Himansu S. , Gloaguen Eric , Mons Michel
Published: November 2014

The strength of the NH⋯O/S hydrogen bond is monitored from the red-shift of the NH stretch frequency in the 3 μm IR region.
Optimal top electrodes for inverted polymer solar cells
Authors: Yeom Hye Rim , Heo Jungwoo , Kim Gi-Hwan , Ko Seo-Jin , Song Seyeong , Jo Yimhyun , Kim Dong Suk , Walker Bright , Kim Jin Young
Published: November 2014

A variety of metals were investigated as electrodes in inverted organic solar cell devices; highly reflective silver electrodes were found to yield outstanding performance and stability compared to other metals.
The role of oxygen vacancies and their location in the magnetic properties of Ce1−xCuxO2−δ nanorods
Authors: Bernardi M. I. B. , Mesquita A. , Béron F. , Pirota K. R. , de Zevallos A. O. , Doriguetto A. C. , de Carvalho H. B.
Published: December 2014

Ceria (CeO2) is a promising dilute magnetic semiconductor. The ferromagnetic order has proven to be an surface effect.
Theoretical evaluation of the surface electrochemistry of perovskites with promising photon absorption properties for solar water splitting
Authors: Montoya Joseph H. , Garcia-Mota Monica , Nørskov Jens K. , Vojvodic Aleksandra
Published: November 2014

Density functional theory results describing the theoretical electrocatalytic properties of perovskite oxides and oxynitrides suggest that the water splitting reaction will require cocatalysts due to high theoretical oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution overpotentials.
Organic sulphonate salts tethered to mesoporous silicas as catalysts for CO2 fixation into cyclic carbonates
Authors: Ravi Seenu , Kang Dong Heon , Roshan Roshith , Tharun Jose , Kathalikkattil Amal Cherian , Park Dae Won
Published: November 2014

Mesoporous silica materials tethered with the sulphonate salts of organic bases were synthesized and they were highly active in CO2–epoxide cycloaddition.
Rhodium-mediated hydrogenolysis/hydrolysis of the aryl ether bond in supercritical carbon dioxide/water: an experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Chatterjee Maya , Chatterjee Abhijit , Ishizaka Takayuki , Kawanami Hajime
Published: November 2014

A mechanistic investigation of the efficient cleavage of C–O bond of diphenyl ether by hydrogenolysis and hydrolysis was attempted via theoretical calculations in association with experimental analysis.
Research strategy to determine when novel nanohybrids pose unique environmental risks
Authors: Saleh Navid B. , Aich Nirupam , Plazas-Tuttle Jaime , Lead Jamie R. , Lowry Gregory V.
Published: November 2014

This perspective proposes principles to identify nanohybrids with novel properties relevant to nano EHS research, and discusses specific challenges for EHS research on these materials.
Electrical control of Faraday rotation at a liquid–liquid interface
Authors: Marinescu Monica , Kornyshev Alexei A. , Flatté Michael E.
Published: November 2014

A theory is developed for the Faraday rotation of light from a monolayer of charged magnetic nanoparticles at an electrified liquid–liquid interface. The polarization fields of neighboring nanoparticles enhance the Faraday rotation. At such interfaces, and for realistic sizes and charges of nanoparticles, their adsorption–desorption can be controlled with a voltage variation <1 V, providing electrovariable Faraday rotation. A calculation based on the Maxwell-Garnett theory predicts that the corresponding redistribution of 40 nm nanoparticles of yttrium iron garnet can switch a cavity with a quality factor larger than 104 for light of wavelength 500 nm at normal incidence.
Visible light assisted photocatalytic reduction of CO2 using a graphene oxide supported heteroleptic ruthenium complex
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Bansiwal Amit , Labhsetwar Nitin , Jain Suman L.
Published: November 2014

A new heteroleptic ruthenium complex containing 2-thiophenyl benzimidazole ligands was synthesized using a microwave technique and was immobilized to graphene oxide via covalent attachment.
Drop transfer between superhydrophobic wells using air logic control
Authors: Vuong Thach , Cheong Brandon Huey-Ping , Huynh So Hung , Muradoglu Murat , Liew Oi Wah , Ng Tuck Wah
Published: November 2014

An air logic system using a superhydrophobic well scheme allows open surface microfluidic transfer with low sample adhesion losses.
Electrochemically induced reversible formation of carboxymethyl chitin hydrogel and tunable protein release
Authors: Ding Fuyuan , Qian Xi , Zhang Qi , Wu Hongjie , Liu Youyu , Xiao Ling , Deng Hongbing , Du Yumin , Shi Xiaowen
Published: November 2014

Carboxymethyl chitin was synthesized through a “green” and homogeneous way in NaOH–urea solvent. Reversible sol–gel transition of carboxymethyl chitin hydrogel can be realized by an electrochemical method.
Synthesis of active tin: an efficient reagent for allylation reaction of carbonyl compounds
Authors: Sinha Arun Kumar , Sil Amit , Sasmal Anup Kumar , Pradhan Mukul , Pal Tarasankar
Published: November 2014

High purity Sn(0), synthesized through reduction of SnO by Na2SnO2, is applied for allylation of carbonyls in distilled water at room temperature.
An improved procedure to prepare 3-methyl-4-nitroalkylenethylisoxazoles and their reaction under catalytic enantioselective Michael addition with nitromethane
Authors: Moccia Maria , Wells Robert J. , Adamo Mauro. F. A.
Published: December 2014

A two-step preparation of 3-methyl-4-nitro-5-alkylethenyl isoxazoles is herein reported. These were reacted with nitromethane under phase-transfer catalysis to provide highly enantioenriched adducts (up to 93% ee).
Enhanced visible radiation photopolymerization of dimethacrylates with the three component thioxanthone (CPTXO)–amine–iodonium salt system
Authors: Cook Wayne D. , Chen Fei
Published: November 2014

The three component thioxanthone/iodonium/amine visible light photoinitiator system is four times more efficient due to irreversible oxidation of the ketyl and the amine radicals by the iodonium salt and the regeneration of the thioxanthone and produce twice as many active radicals.
Zinc-mediated allylation of carbon dioxide—the LiOAc effect
Authors: Miao Bukeyan , Ma Shengming
Published: December 2014

A direct carboxylation reaction of allylic bromides mediated by zinc powder with 1 atm of CO2 provided by a balloon has been developed. The reaction occurred smoothly at room temperature in the presence of LiOAc with an excellent branched regioselectivity.
A novel pH-responsive hydrogel based on natural polysaccharides for controlled release of protein drugs
Authors: Xu Wenjin , He Xianran , Zhong Min , Hu Xianming , Xiao Yuling
Published: November 2014

A biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel based on a natural polysaccharide was prepared, characterized and confirmed to be an effective and “smart” carrier for controlled protein delivery.
First-principles study of negative thermal expansion mechanism in A-site-ordered perovskite SrCu3Fe4O12
Authors: Li Hongping , Liu Shuai , Chen Lin , Zhao Jiandong , Chen Beibei , Wang Zhongchang , Meng Jian , Liu Xiaojuan
Published: November 2014

We investigate electrical and magnetic properties of an A-site-ordered perovskite SrCu3Fe4O12 and clarify its negative thermal expansion mechanism.
Graphene oxide induced fast curing of amino novolac phthalonitrile
Authors: Robert Temina Mary , Augustine Dhanya , Chandran M Satheesh , Mathew Dona , Nair C. P. Reghunadhan
Published: December 2014

Graphene oxide was reacted with amino phthalonitrile (APN)viaamine–epoxy, OH–CN, epoxy–CN and amine–CN reactions, resulting in a diminishedTg, reduced curing temperature of APN, and also a ductile matrix without penalty in thermal stability.
Rapid room-temperature polymerization of bio-based multiaziridine-containing compounds
Authors: Chen Ruqi , Chen Jason S. , Zhang Chaoqun , Kessler Michael R.
Published: December 2014

Successful Michael addition under mild reaction conditions resulted in the grafting of 2-methyl aziridine onto acrylated epoxidized soybean oil, and the aziridine content was titrated as 0.00413 mol g−1.
Template-assisted synthesis of multi-shelled carbon hollow spheres with an ultralarge pore volume as anode materials in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Sun Zhuang , Song Xuefeng , Zhang Peng , Gao Lian
Published: December 2014

Double/quadruple shells carbon hollow spheres can be obtained under the assistance of permeably mesoporous silica hollow spheres, which exhibit superior electrochemical performance.
Ultraviolet photodetector based on heterojunction of n-ZnO microwire/p-GaN film
Authors: Ding Meng , Zhao Dongxu , Yao Bin , Li Zhipeng , Xu Xijin
Published: November 2014

Ultraviolet photodetector based on n-ZnO (individual microwire)/p-GaN film heterojunction exhibits excellent performance (0.45 A W−1) even without bias.
Application of near infrared spectroscopy for the rapid determination of epimedin A, B, C and icariin in Epimedium
Authors: Luo Qianyi , Yun Yonghuan , Fan Wei , Huang Jianhua , Zhang Lixian , Deng Baichuan , Lu Hongmei
Published: December 2014

More efficient and parsimonious models based on CARS-PLSR are obtained compared with the full-spectrum PLSR ones for the determination of epimedin A, B, C and icariin in Epimedium.
Melamine–ZnI2 as heterogeneous catalysts for efficient chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates
Authors: Liu Mengshuai , Liu Bo , Shi Lei , Wang Fangxiao , Liang Lin , Sun Jianmin
Published: November 2014

Melamine–ZnI2 as heterogeneous catalysts showed high activity and versatility for cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides due to the synergistic effects.
Sulfonic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a recyclable and eco-friendly catalyst for atom economical Michael addition reactions and bis indolyl methane synthesis
Authors: Mahmoudi Hajar , Jafari Abbas Ali , Saeedi Soroosh , Firouzabadi Habib
Published: December 2014

Sulfonic acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a recyclable and eco-friendly catalyst for atom economical Michael addition reaction and bis indolyl methane synthesis.
Plasma polymerisation of an allyl organophosphate monomer by atmospheric pressure pulsed-PECVD: insights into the growth mechanisms
Authors: Hilt F. , Duday D. , Gherardi N. , Frache G. , Didierjean J. , Choquet P.
Published: November 2014

This study highlights the growth mechanisms involved in the atmospheric pressure plasma polymerisation of a phosphorus-containing monomer.
Experimental study and thermodynamic modeling for purification of extracted algal lipids using an organic/aqueous two-phase system
Authors: Abedini Najafabadi Hamed , Pazuki Gholamreza , Vossoughi Manouchehr
Published: November 2014

Adding water and non-polar organic solvent to the crude extracts will form two-phase system and purify the extracted lipids.
Icephobic/anti-icing potential of superhydrophobic Ti6Al4V surfaces with hierarchical textures
Authors: Shen Yizhou , Tao Haijun , Chen Shanlong , Zhu Lumin , Wang Tao , Tao Jie
Published: November 2014

The icephobic potential of hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces, which were prepared by modifying micro-nanostructures (constructed by the combination of sand blasting and hydrothermal treatment) on the surfaces of Ti6Al4V alloy with fluoroalkylsilane, was investigated.
Organoiodine(iii) mediated intramolecular oxidative cyclization of 1-(3-arylisoquinolin-1-yl)-2-(arylmethylene)hydrazines to 5-aryl-3-(aryl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a] isoquinolines
Authors: Manivel Pitchai , Prabakaran Kamalakannan , Banerjee Upasana , Nawaz Khan Fazlur-Rahman , Jeong Euh Duck , Chung Eun Hyuk
Published: December 2014

Intramolecular C–N bond formation is achieved through oxidative cyclization of 1-(3-arylisoquinolin-1-yl)-2-(arylmethylene)hydrazines,3, in the presence of hypervalent iodine oxidant and dichloromethane at ambient temperature.
Direct growth of etch pit-free GaN crystals on few-layer graphene
Authors: Chae Seung Jin , Kim Yong Hwan , Seo Tae Hoon , Duong Dinh Loc , Lee Seung Mi , Park Min Ho , Kim Eun Sung , Bae Jung Jun , Lee Si Young , Jeong Hyun , Suh Eun-Kyung , Yang Cheol Woong , Jeong Mun Seok , Lee Young Hee
Published: November 2014

We report high-quality GaN crystals grown directly on graphene layers without a buffer layer by metal–organic chemical vapour deposition.
Fabrication of TiO2/MS (M = Pb, Zn) core–shell coaxial nanotube arrays and their photocatalytic properties
Authors: Qu Xiaofei , Hou Yuchen , Wang Chengpeng , Du Fanglin , Cao Lixin
Published: December 2014

TiO2/MS (M = Pb, Zn) core–shell coaxial nanotube arrays were prepared by a simple method of liquid deposition, where the template worked as a septum.
Highly organized nanofiber formation from zero valent iron nanoparticles after cadmium water remediation
Authors: Soto Hidalgo Keyla T. , Guzmán-Blas Rolando , Ortiz-Quiles Edwin O. , Fachini Estevão Rosim , Corchado-García Juan , Larios Eduardo , Zayas Beatriz , José-Yacamán Miguel , Cabrera Carlos R.
Published: November 2014

Nanofiber formation of a mixture of Fe0, oxyhydroxides and oxides iron formed after water remediation processes to reduce cadmium concentration.
Furan-bridged thiazolo [5,4-d]thiazole based D–π–A–π–D type linear chromophore for solution-processed bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells
Authors: Nazim M. , Ameen Sadia , Akhtar M. Shaheer , Seo Hyung-Kee , Shin Hyung-Shik
Published: December 2014

Novel furan-bridged thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole based π-conjugated organic chromophore (RFTzR) was formulated and utilized for the fabrication of solution-processed small molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs).
Synthesis and protein incorporation of azido-modified unnatural amino acids
Authors: Tookmanian Elise M. , Fenlon Edward E. , Brewer Scott H.
Published: December 2014

Synthesis and development of a series of azidophenylalanines to probe protein hydration with high spatial resolution utilizing the azide vibrational reporter and IR spectroscopy.
Relaxation dynamics in a binary hard-ellipse liquid
Authors: Xu Wen-Sheng , Sun Zhao-Yan , An Li-Jia
Published: November 2014

Simulations reveal a wealth of dynamical features in a glass-forming liquid composed of binary hard ellipses.
In complex fluids the Gaussian Diffusion Approximation is generally invalid
Authors: Joseph Phillies George David
Published: November 2014

In a complex fluid, the displacement distribution function P(Δx,t) is generally not a Gaussian in Δx; data interpretations using the Gaussian Diffusion Approximation are often invalid.
Positioning growth of scalable silica nanorods on the interior and exterior surfaces of porous composites
Authors: Li Wenle , Chen Bo , Walz John Y.
Published: December 2014

A novel yet straightforward one-pot synthesis technique is developed to grow scalable silica nanorods on the interior and exterior surfaces of a porous, inorganic scaffold.
Enhanced photocatalytic activities of net-like hematite nanoparticle/graphene oxide composite
Authors: Zhang Huanming , Zhu Chunling , Chen Yujin , Yang Min , Yang Piaoping , Wu Xiaohong , Qi Lihong , Meng Fanna
Published: November 2014

Net-like hematite nanoparticle/graphene oxide composite, in which the degree of oxidization of graphene oxide can be controlled by simply tuning annealing time, exhibits a high photocatalytic performance for water splitting.
Stable TiO2–USY zeolite composite coatings for efficient adsorptive and photocatalytic elimination of geosmin from water
Authors: Wee Lik H. , Janssens Nikki , Vercammen Jeori , Tamaraschi Lorenzo , Thomassen Leen C. J. , Martens Johan A.
Published: November 2014

Layer by layer dip-coating fabrication of robust TiO2–USY zeolite composite coatings for efficient adsorptive and photocatalytic elimination of geosmin up to 99%.
Electrospinning of recycled PET to generate tough mesomorphic fibre membranes for smoke filtration
Authors: Strain I. N. , Wu Q. , Pourrahimi A. M. , Hedenqvist M. S. , Olsson R. T. , Andersson R. L.
Published: November 2014

Regeneration of used pet bottlesviaelectrospinning, into high performance membranes for smoke filtration.
Delicate ternary heterostructures achieved by hierarchical co-assembly of Ag and Fe3O4 nanoparticles on MoS2 nanosheets: morphological and compositional synergy in reversible lithium storage
Authors: Pan Long , Zhu Xiao-Dong , Xie Xu-Ming , Liu Yi-Tao
Published: December 2014

A facile strategy is proposed for ex situ hierarchical co-assembly of Ag and Fe3O4 nanoparticles on MoS2 nanosheets, thus forming novel, delicate ternary heterostructures holding great promise as advanced anode materials for LIBs.
A hierarchical, stretchable and stiff fibrous biotemplate engineered using stagger-electrospinning for augmentation of rotator cuff tendon-healing
Authors: Zhao Song , Zhao Xin , Dong Shikui , Yu Jia , Pan Guoqing , Zhang Yang , Zhao Jinzhong , Cui Wenguo
Published: November 2014

Engineering hierarchical, stretchable and stiff fibrous biotemplate using stagger-electrospinning for the augmentation of rotator cuff tendon-healing.
Polyglycidol-based metal adhesion promoters
Authors: Koehler J. , Kuehne A. J. C. , Piermattei A. , Qiu J. , Keul H. A. , Dirks T. , Keul H. , Moeller M.
Published: November 2014

Hydrophilic adhesion promoters based on polyglycidols bearing phosphonic acid and acrylate moieties are important for biomedical compatibilization of metal implants and catheters.
Enhanced dielectric properties of PVDF-HFP/BaTiO3-nanowire composites induced by interfacial polarization and wire-shape
Authors: Feng Y. , Li W. L. , Hou Y. F. , Yu Y. , Cao W. P. , Zhang T. D. , Fei W. D.
Published: November 2014

A high-ε polymer based composite with lower inorganic content (≤10 vol%) has been fabricated using BaTiO3 nanowires as fillers.
Creative design of symmetric multilevel converter to enhance the circuit's performance
Authors: Jannati Oskuee Mohammad Reza , Salary Ebrahim , Najafi‐Ravadanegh Sajad
Published: November 2014

In this study, a new symmetric multilevel converter is introduced which is commonly suitable for medium‐voltage applications and where higher number of output levels is required. The proposed inverter can generate all levels at the output associated with a lower number of circuit devices including switches and related gate driver circuits for each switch compared with the conventional symmetric cascaded converter, semi‐cascaded converter and the recently introduced inverters. Owing to the lower number of circuit devices, the total cost and the installation area are reduced. Another advantage of the proposed inverter over the mentioned topologies is the lower number of on‐state switches which causes a reduction on power losses. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the practicality of the proposed multilevel structure.
Utilisation of GaN and InGaN/GaN with nanoporous structures for water splitting
Authors: Benton J. , Bai J. , Wang T.
Published: December 2014

We report a cost-effective approach to the fabrication of GaN based nanoporous structure for applications in renewable hydrogen production. Photoelectrochemical etching in a KOH solution has been employed to fabricate both GaN and InGaN/GaN nanoporous structures with pore sizes ranging from 25 to 60 nm, obtained by controlling both etchant concentration and applied voltage. Compared to as-grown planar devices the nanoporous structures have exhibited a significant increase of photocurrent with a factor of up to four times. An incident photon conversion efficiency of up to 46% around the band edge of GaN has been achieved.
A study of vacancy defects related to gray tracks in KTiOPO4 (KTP) using positron annihilation
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Jing , Cao Xingzhong , Yang Jing , Wang Jiyang , Jiang Huaidong
Published: December 2014

For the first time to our knowledge, positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) was used to study vacancy defects in KTiOPO4 (KTP) single crystals. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy combined with dielectric measurements identified the existence of oxygen vacancies and reflected the concentration of vacancy defects in three samples. The vacancy defects in KTP do not consist of monovacancies, but rather vacancy complexes. Doppler broadening indicates that the vacancy defects are distributed uniformly. A relationship is established where a crystal with a low oxygen vacancy concentration and a highly balanced stoichiometry has a higher resistance to gray track formation.