bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Neridronate on the Osseointegration Process of Endeous Titanium Implants in Animal Models
Authors: Berardi D. , De Benedittis S. , Scoccia A. , Perfetti G.
Published: January 2017

Bisphosphonates are compounds that inhibit bone reabsorption mediated by osteoclasts. The use of bisphosphonates in oral implantology is still in the experimental stage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of an aminobisphosphonate to increase the ability of the drug to act on the implant and bone surfaces in the development of the osseointegration in sheep. Forty SLA titanium implants were used on sheep iliac crests. Neridronate added to connective gel (test 1) or to physiological solution (test 2) was used in order to increase the bone and implant adhesiveness. Physiological solution (control 1) or connective gel (control 2) alone was given to the control groups. A topical administration of Neridronate was made on the implant surface and in the implant site. Four Bergamasca sheep were used and were sacrificed by intravenous injection of 10 cc Tanax after 8 weeks from implantation. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were carried out. The results did not show significant differences between the test group and control group. Our data are different from other similar studies obtaining statistically significant differences. These differences could depend on the procedure of application of the drug on the implant. This study demonstrates the poor efficacy of neridronate applied topically to the implant and implant site during surgery. Further studies using different fixation techniques of the drug may be necessary to confirm the present data.
The Use of Topical Hyaluronic Acid and Silver Sulfadiazine (Altergen®) in Patients Undergoing Two-Stage Anterior Urethroplasty with Oral Mucosal Graft
Authors: Romano G. , Barbagli G. , Lazzeri M.
Published: January 2017

This investigative pilot study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the therapeutic effect of a cream containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and silver-sulfadiazine (Altergen®, IBSA Farmaceutici Italia, S.r.l.) in adult patients undergoing two-stage urethroplasty using an oral mucosal graft for anterior urethral strictures due to failed hypospadias repair. We used a cream (Altergen®) containing the following active ingredients: 100 g HA, 0.20 mg sodium salt, and 1 g silver-sulfadiazine. During the period of January 2009 - May 2010, 40 patients, mean age 24 years, who had undergone hypospadias surgery during childhood were enrolled in the study, according to some inclusion and exclusion criteria (age >18 years, with the absence of diabetes, neurovascular disease, lichen sclerosus or other dermatological lesions). All 40 patients had navicularis or penile urethral strictures and underwent two-stage urethroplasty using an oral mucosa graft. Post-operatively, 20 patients (50%) were treated with a cream containing HA and silver-sulfadiazine (Altergen®) and 20 patients (50%) were treated using a standard topical treatment (iodopovidone 10% gel). All patients underwent a follow-up at 6, 15, 30, 60 and 120 days after surgery. Out of the 20 patients treated with the HA and silver-sulfadiazine-containing cream (Altergen®), 18 (90%) showed good and complete healing of the graft implant 30 days after surgery. Of the 20 patients not treated with the HA and silver-sulfadiazine-contaning cream (Altergen®), 13 (65%) showed good and complete healing of the graft implant 30 days after surgery. These results were constant in all follow-ups in both patient groups. In patients who underwent a navicularis or penile two-stage oral mucosal graft urethroplasty, the use of a HA and silver-sulfadiazine-containing cream was associated with a higher success rate of the graft implant and a lower incidence of post-surgical complications compared to the controls.
Inflammatory and Immunitary Modifications in Saliva of Subjects with Labial and Tongue Piercing
Authors: Tripodi D. , D'Ercole S. , Pasini M. , Nastasio S. , Bonini S. , Giuca M.R.
Published: January 2017

Piercing is the practice of puncturing some parts of the body, including the area of the stomach, to apply ornamental objects. The presence of oral and perioral piercings are a risk factor for numerous acute and chronic complications, such as chipping of the dental enamel, lesions of the gums and infection. The presence of piercings in the oral cavity may also act as a stimulant for inflammation and determine modifications in the components of the saliva. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there is a variation in the inflammatory or immunitary components of the saliva of adult patients with labial and tongue piercings. Twenty-five adult patients were examined (11 males and 14 females with an average age of 23.4±3.6 years) who had had a minimum of one labial or tongue piercing for at least 1 year. A questionnaire was compiled for each patient and the composition of the saliva was examined, before and for the 72 hours after removal of the piercings. The data was analyzed using the student's t-test for independent samples and the level of significance was placed at p< 0.05. The examination of the saliva showed a statistically significant increase (p< 0.05) of interleukin-1 and −8, of lysozyme and amylase. A more basic value of pH (p< 0.05) was also found and a decrease in the immunoglobulins, in particular of IgA (p< 0.05). After the removal of the piercings, the parameters of the saliva returned to the reference values, with the exception of the immunoglobulins, whose values remained the same as in the first saliva examination. The presence of piercings in labial areas or in the tongue is accompanied by chronic inflammation in the components of the saliva, with an increase in the level of the interleukins. Furthermore, in patients who have had an oral piercing for a longer period, the level of interleukins is even higher. This inflammatory situation, however, may recede in a few days after the removal of the irritating agent. Labial or tongue piercings also determine an increase in the flow of saliva, an increase in saliva enzymes, of lysozyme in particular, and a more basic pH value.
Cancer in Italian Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Belloli L. , Carlo-Stella N. , Ughi N. , Marasini B.
Published: January 2017

The association between cancer and systemic sclerosis (SSc) is known, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and epidemiological data is conflicting. Since no data exist on cancer in Italian SSc, we examined the frequency and characteristics of cancer in an Italian cohort of SSc patients to examine whether clinical and/or laboratory SSc-specific features represent a risk for developing malignancies in these patients. A retrospective chart review was carried out of 112 Italian SSc patients of whom 109 were women 3 and were men, aged 63±13 years; 81 patients had limited SSc, 25 had diffuse SSc and 6 had sine scleroderma SSc. Fifteen cancers were found in 14 patients. The majority (60%) occurred after SSc onset (average 16 years), 40% occurred before the onset of SSc (average 14 years). The most frequent was breast cancer (prevalence: 4.5%, relative prevalence:33.3%), followed by uterine cancer and lymphomas (prevalence: 2.7%, relative prevalence: 20% each). Lung cancer was not observed. Cancers were unrelated with SSc type, autoantibodies, organ involvement and treatments. In conclusion, clinical features do not seem to be linked with the risk of developing cancer in SSc patients. Interestingly, and in contrast with published data, no lung cancer was present in our patients, although lung involvement was observed in the majority of them. This finding, consistent with a lower prevalence of lung cancer in the Italian female general population, and the absence of associations between SSc-specific features and cancer, suggests that genetic and environmental factors might play a pivotal role in cancer risk in these patients.
DEC-net: the development of the European register of clinical trials on medicines for children
Authors: Santoro Eugenio , Rossi Valentina , Pandolfini Chiara , Bonati Maurizio
Published: January 2017

Background The need to register a clinical trial in a public database has been widely discussed in the last few years. Several general clinical trial registers have been developed, but none are dedicated to children. A web-based register of trials on drug therapy in children was therefore developed.

Purpose The general objective of the project, called DEC-NET ( European register of clinical trials on medicines for children - drug evaluation in children) and supported by the European Community, is to provide the scientific community with a flexible tool for promoting communication and collaboration among researchers, disseminating clinical trial results and facilitating patient access and recruitment to trials.

Methods We identified a set of trial data to be collected, including general trial information, recruitment information, eligibility criteria, clinical trial characteristics, location and contact information, study drugs, study sponsor and results. The system was set up to allow authorized users (working in Italy, Spain, France and UK) to enter, handle and monitor the trial information. Medical data dictionaries (ie, ICD-9 and ATC) were used in order to make the data-entry and the search and data analysis procedures easier. A multilingual approach in data handling and presentation made accessing trial information in English and in the language of the country where the study is located feasible. Search and browsing tools were set up to allow investigators, researchers, and citizens to freely search and browse the entire register and access the details of trials meeting the search criteria.

Results The DEC-net register (http://www.dec-net.org) was opened for trial notification and consultation.

Limitations DEC-net currently involves four European countries and is a pilot project.

Conclusions It is hoped that what has been achieved so far represents only the beginning of a long-term project, and the next step will be to extend the register’s use to other European countries.
Design aspects of a distributed clinical trials information system
Authors: Oliveira A Gouveia , Salgado Nuno C
Published: January 2017

Backgound Clinical trials informatics has evolved through the development of multiple applications addressing distinct parts of the clinical trials cycle. This setting creates difficulties in the transport and sharing of data among applications that serve a common functionality.

Purpose We present an alternative approach for the design of clinical trials information systems consisting of loosely coupled components standing on a comprehensive model of the global clinical trial process.

Methods We describe how such a structure is able to support the development and implementation of complex knowledge-driven modules, such as automated database query systems, reporting systems and intelligent data-analysis tools, and how currently available internet technologies may be used to support the independent development of applications and collaboration between researchers.

Results These principles were applied to the development of a fully functional system that has been in production for eight years in a diversity of pharmaceutical and academic drug trials. Marked time savings in database set-up and statistical reporting have been documented, as well as good reliability in the selection of appropriate statistical methods to clinical trial data analysis.

Conclusions In order to meet the expected functionality and to avoid the proliferation of databases and software applications, clinical trials information systems need to be based on a generic model of clinical trials and on a distributed architecture.
Design of the Jerusalem Handwashing Study: meeting the challenges of a preschool-based public health intervention trial
Authors: Rosen Laura , Manor Orly , Engelhard Dan , Zucker David
Published: January 2017

Background Rates of communicable disease among young children are considerably higher in Israel than in other western countries. Strategies for reducing the disease rates are needed.

Purpose The goal of the Jerusalem Handwashing Study (JHS) was to evaluate a preschool-based hygiene programme aimed at reducing illness absenteeism.

Methods The trial employed cluster randomization of preschools to intervention or control. The intervention programme was multifaceted, including various educational activities and environmental changes. The control group received the programme at the end of the study. A supplementary home component was tested using the innovative design strategy of an embedded individually-randomized trial. All-cause absenteeism and illness-related absenteeism was assessed by daily phone calls to the teachers, supplemented with phone calls to the parents to identify the cause of the absence. The primary endpoint was illness-related absenteeism. In an attempt to avoid bias, survey staff were blinded to the study design and the main outcome as well as intervention status. Validity checks were incorporated to assess the accuracy of educator absenteeism reports and were analysed for differences between the study arms. Observation of handwashing behaviour allowed assessment of behavioural change in the intervention group and spontaneous handwashing changes in the control group.

Results Cluster randomization with delayed implementation in the control group was a feasible and efficient strategy. The individually-randomized embedded sub-trial proved to be an efficient way to test a supplemental intervention component, and is particularly well-suited to programmes run in educational or other group settings, including workplaces, clinics, and community centres.

Limitations The trial design did not permit analysis of the intervention effect on illness.

Conclusions The techniques used in this trial made it possible for a rigorous study of a complex community-based health intervention to be carried out successfully. They should prove helpful to future researchers.
The Influence of the Perceived Age of the Model Shown in an Ad on the Effectiveness of Advertising
Authors: Chevalier Corinne , Lichtlé Marie-Christine
Published: January 2017

The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of the perceived age of the model shown in an ad on different variables pertaining to the advertisement's effectiveness, namely attitudes, beliefs and purchase intention. This effect has been examined on two populations – young adults and seniors – taking into account the chronological age of the respondents as well as the subjective age of the seniors. The results show that the model's age plays a crucial role in advertising effectiveness, and that its impact varies according to the respondent's chronological and subjective age. In addition, the closeness of the perceived age of the model to the respondent's actual or subjective age also plays a key role.
Consumer Skepticism and Promotion Effectiveness
Authors: de Pechpeyrou Pauline , Odou Philippe
Published: January 2017

Over time, consumers have developed a strong knowledge and mistrust toward stimuli from various commercial sources: Advertising, salespersons, and more recently promotional pricing techniques supposed to reduce their everyday spending. Three experiments demonstrate that consumer skepticism toward sales promotions has a detrimental effect on promotion effectiveness through two mechanisms: The discounting of savings (“too good to be true”) and the reduced purchase intention of promotional offers.
How I manage ibrutinib-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Woyach Jennifer A.
Published: January 2017

The introduction of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib has dramatically changed the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although responses have been durable in the majority of patients, relapses do occur, especially in the high-risk patient population. Most relapses occur as the result of acquired mutations in BTK and PLCG2, which may facilitate success with alternative targeted therapies. As outcomes after ibrutinib relapse have been reported to be poor, specific strategies are needed for this patient population. Here, I discuss the diagnosis and management of ibrutinib-refractory CLL. The focus will be on common clinical scenarios that can be mistaken for relapse and how to accurately determine which patients are relapsing. Because there is no established standard of care, I discuss currently available options for standard therapy and existing clinical data. I also discuss new agents with the potential to be effective in patients refractory to ibrutinib. Finally, I discuss strategies for long-term disease control in this patient population.
Differences in RANTES and IL-6 levels among chronic rhinosinusitis patients with predominant gram-negative and gram-positive infection
Authors: Rammal Almoaidbellah , Tewfik Marc , Rousseau Simon
Published: January 2017

Background

Bacteria are suspected players in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), yet their exact role is not understood. We investigated the effect of planktonic and biofilm of staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) on the mucosa of CRS patients with gram-positive and gram-negative infections by measuring the levels of IL-6 and RANTES, a chemokine with activity on eosinophils and T lymphocytes.

Methods

Ethmoid mucosa of six CRS patients with gram-positive bacteria on culture and five with gram-negative bacteria were compared to ethmoid mucosa of 8 control patients. The tissue explants were stimulated with SA and PA extracts in planktonic and biofilm form for 6 hours, then RANTES levels were measured by ELISA.

Results

Compared to the control group, CRS patients with gram-negative predominance demonstrated a significantly higher level of RANTES expression in response to all forms of bacterial stimuli ( P-value <0.05). Patients with gram-positive predominance showed a higher level of RANTES compere to control group, however, this difference was not significant ( P-value >0.05).

Conclusions

The mucosa of CRS patients with gram-negative infections has a heightened innate immune response compared to controls and patients with gram-positive infections. It is possible that this response leads to the pathological eosinophilic inflammation seen in CRS.
Factors influencing consumers’ purchase intention of green sportswear
Authors: Nam Changhyun , Dong Huanjiao , Lee Young-A
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine consumers’ purchase intention for green sportswear by investigating the effects of their expectation, perception, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and attitude on purchasing green sportswear. The study further investigated differential influences towards purchase intention for green sportswear between non-green and green product users. A within-subjects research design was used to empirically test our conceptual model, which was expanded from the theory of planned behavior by adding two additional predictors (expectation and perception). An online survey was conducted with a nationwide convenience sample of U.S. consumers whose ages ranged from 18 to 74 years, and a total of 542 usable responses were obtained. The results of the overall model testing confirmed the significant effects of expectation, perception, subjective norm, and attitude on consumers’ purchase intention for green sportswear. The findings from the comparative model testing indicated significant differences between non-green and green product users in terms of the effects of expectation and perceived behavior control on participants’ green sportswear purchase intention. The outcomes of this study offer useful insights for developing effective strategies for consumers to generate more positive perception, expectation, and attitude towards purchasing green sportswear. This study also suggests potential ways for apparel retailers to develop effective marketing strategies for this sportswear segment to satisfy the values of potential customers.
Modeling the Residential Building Inventory in South America for Seismic Risk Assessment
Authors: Yepes-Estrada Catalina , Silva Vitor , Valcárcel Jairo , Acevedo Ana Beatriz , Tarque Nicola , Hube Matías A. , Coronel Gustavo , María Hernán Santa
Published: January 2017

This study presents an open and transparent exposure model for the residential building stock in South America. This model captures the geographical distribution, structural characteristics (including information about construction materials, lateral load resisting system, range of number of stories), average built-up area, replacement cost, expected number of occupants, and number of dwellings and buildings. The methodology utilized to develop this model was based on national population and housing statistics and expert judgment from dozens of local researchers and practitioners. This model has been developed as part of the South America Risk Assessment (SARA) project led by the Global Earthquake Model (GEM), and it can be used to perform earthquake risk analyses. It is available at different geographical scales for seven Andean countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela (DOI: 10.13117/GEM. DATASET.EXP.ANDEAN-v1.0).
Can Mandibular Condylar Mobility Sonography Measurements Predict Difficult Laryngoscopy?
Authors: Yao Weidong , Zhou Yumei , Wang Bin , Yu Tao , Shen Zhongbing , Wu Hao , Jin Xiaoju , Li Yuanhai
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND:

Limited mandibular condylar mobility plays an important role in difficult laryngoscopy. Indirect assessment methods, such as mouth opening, have been proven to be useful predictors of difficult laryngoscopy. Sonography is a new direct assessment method for the limited mandibular condylar mobility. However, whether this method could be used in predicting difficult laryngoscopy still remains unknown. This study aimed to observe its ability to predict difficult laryngoscopy.

METHODS:

Adult patients who were administered tracheal intubations for elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in the study. Mandibular condylar mobility was assessed by sonography through condylar translation measurements. Beside mouth opening, other indirect variables that correlated with temporomandibular joint mobility, such as mandibular protrusion distance, upper lip bite test, and whether the condyle-tragus distance was <1 finger breadth, were also evaluated before anesthesia. The primary outcome was difficult laryngoscopy defined as the Cormack-Lehane level 3 or 4.

RESULTS:

A total of 484 patients were prospectively included, and difficult laryngoscopy was reported in 41 patients. The condylar translation prediction criterion for difficult laryngoscopy was ≤10 mm. The condylar translation was correlated with Cormack-Lehane level (Spearman correlation coefficient, −0.46; 99% confidence interval [CI], −0.55 to −0.36) and owned the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.93; 99% CI, 0.90 to 0.96, compared with that of the other predictors, P < .001) with difficult laryngoscopy. The condylar translation ≤10 mm was with a considerable κ value (κ = 0.52; 99% CI, 0.37 to 0.67) to difficult laryngoscopy and proved to be an independent predictor by a multivariate logistic regression.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with indirect assessments, such as mouth opening and other parameters, mandibular condylar mobility, as assessed directly using sonography, was correlated with difficult laryngoscopy and demonstrated an independent and notably predictive property.
Choice of Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: An Analysis of the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry
Authors: Juang Jeremy , Gabriel Rodney A. , Dutton Richard P. , Palanisamy Arvind , Urman Richard D.
Published: January 2017

Neuraxial anesthesia use in cesarean deliveries (CDs) has been rising since the 1980s, whereas general anesthesia (GA) use has been declining. In this brief report we analyzed recent obstetric anesthesia practice patterns using National Anesthesiology Clinical Outcomes Registry data. Approximately 218,285 CD cases were identified between 2010 and 2015. GA was used in 5.8% of all CDs and 14.6% of emergent CDs. Higher rates of GA use were observed in CDs performed in university hospitals, after hours and on weekends, and on patients who were American Society of Anesthesiologists class III or higher and 18 years of age or younger.
Cartilage to bone transformation during fracture healing is coordinated by the invading vasculature and induction of the core pluripotency genes
Authors: Hu Diane P. , Ferro Federico , Yang Frank , Taylor Aaron J. , Chang Wenhan , Miclau Theodore , Marcucio Ralph S. , Bahney Chelsea S.
Published: January 2017

Fractures heal predominantly through the process of endochondral ossification. The classic model of endochondral ossification holds that chondrocytes mature to hypertrophy, undergo apoptosis and new bone forms by invading osteoprogenitors. However, recent data demonstrate that chondrocytes transdifferentiate to osteoblasts in the growth plate and during regeneration, yet the mechanism(s) regulating this process remain unknown. Here, we show a spatially-dependent phenotypic overlap between hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts at the chondro-osseous border in the fracture callus, in a region we define as the transition zone (TZ). Hypertrophic chondrocytes in the TZ activate expression of the pluripotency factors [Sox2, Oct4 (Pou5f1), Nanog], and conditional knock-out of Sox2 during fracture healing results in reduction of the fracture callus and a delay in conversion of cartilage to bone. The signal(s) triggering expression of the pluripotency genes are unknown, but we demonstrate that endothelial cell conditioned medium upregulates these genes in ex vivo fracture cultures, supporting histological evidence that transdifferentiation occurs adjacent to the vasculature. Elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fracture repair is important for understanding why some fractures fail to heal and for developing novel therapeutic interventions.
O ESTUDO DA MOTIVAÇÃO DOS DISCENTES EM UM CURSO DE GRADUAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA, À LUZ DA ESCALA DE MOTIVAÇÃO ACADÊMICA
Authors: Oliveira Lucas Renan Monteiro de , Sousa Ellen Campos , Ricarte Marcos Antonio Chaves
Published: January 2017

A motivação do aluno é um fator fundamental para a qualidade do ensino em qualquer instituição ou modalidade. No caso da educação a distância em especial, esse aspecto se revela ainda mais importante, já que o aluno desta modalidade de ensino precisa ter maior liberdade e controle do processo de aprendizagem. Este trabalho, de cunho exploratório, descritivo e quantitativo, tem como objetivo identificar, a partir da Escala de Motivação Acadêmica (EMA) criada por Deci e Ryan (1985, 2000), que tipos de fatores motivacionais preponderam, se são os intrínsecos ou extrínsecos. O estudo foi realizado junto a 268 alunos do curso de graduação a distância em administração pública da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, ele revela que os fatores extrínsecos preponderaram, apesar da pouca diferença para os fatores intrínsecos.
Future time reference in Lule Saami, with some remarks on Finnish
Authors: Ylikoski Jussi
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The paper provides an account of future time reference (FTR) in Lule Saami. While previous accounts of the language claim that the Lule Saami galggat ‘shall; must; intend’ is a future auxiliary, there are two other potential candidates for what might be called a future tense as well. On the basis of actual language use, the potential mood in Lule Saami does not always refer to states of affairs to be understood as uncertain or only possible, but is also used to refer to future events with no visible shades of possibility or other modalities. Special attention is given to another grammaticalized construction, a periphrastic form consisting of the copula liehket ‘be’ and a purposive converb (supine). Further, it is shown that the Lule Saami supine construction has a formal and functional analogue in the previously undescribed, future-like aspectual functions of the purposive converb in Finnish.Kokkuvõte. Jussi Ylikoski: Tuleviku väljendamise vahendid Lule saami keeles mõnede märkustega soome keele kohta. Käesolevas artiklis antakse ülevaade tuleviku väljendamise vahenditest Lule saami keeles. Kuigi varasemad ülevaated kinnitavad, et Lule saami galggat (‘pidama, kavatsema’) on tuleviku abiverb, on keeles ka kaks teist võimalikku kandidaati, mida võiks samuti nimetada grammatiliseks tulevikuks. Tegeliku keelekasutuse põhjal on näha, et nn potentsiaal ehk võimalikkuse kõneviis Lule saami keeles ei väljenda alati olukordasid ebakindlana või ainult võimalikuna, vaid seda kasutatakse ka tulevikule viitamiseks ilma selge võimalikkuse või teiste modaalsuste tähenduseta. Erilist tähelepanu leiab artiklis teine grammatiseerunud tarind, perifrastiline vorm, mis koosneb koopulast liehket (‘olema’) ning nn supiinist ehk finaalsest konverbist. Viimaks juhitakse tähelepanu aspektile, et Lule saami keele supiintarindil on formaalne ja funktsionaalne analoog soome keeles, mille finaalse konverbi futuurisarnaseid aspektuaalseid ülesandeid pole varem kirjeldatud.Märksõnad: tulevik; tuleviku väljendamise vahendid; konverbid; võimalikkuse kõneviis; prospektiivne aspekt; Lule saami keel; soome keel
The Russian iambic tetrameter: The problem of description (Prolegomena to a new paradigm)
Authors: Liapin Sergei
Published: January 2017

From the very beginning of systematic investigation of the Russian iambic tetrameter (1910s–1940s), the proportion of stresses on the first and second ictus of the line was chosen as its main rhythmic characteristic. Meanwhile, attributing an aesthetic value to this characteristic is wrong: it is largely dependent on the changing speech norm in the late 18th an early 19th century. The general trend in the evolution of the Russian iambic tetrameter from the mid 18th to the mid 20th century can be described as an increase in the degree of rhythmic diversity of this metre. Every rhythmic form of the iambic tetrameter approximates as close as possible to the frequency predetermined by the general norms of the Russian literary language. Both processes (changes in the speech norm and the growth of rhythmic diversity of the metre under consideration) are illustrated by statistical data.
Boris Yarkho’s works on literary theory
Authors: Gasparov Mikhail
Published: January 2017

Boris Yarkho’s works on literary theory
Intersemioticity and intertextuality: Picaresque and romance in opera
Authors: Gorlée Dinda L.
Published: January 2017

Jakobson introduced the concept of intersemioticity as transmutation of verbal signs by nonverbal sign systems (1959). Intersemioticity generates the linguistic-and- cultural elements of intersemiosis (from without), crystallizing mythology and archetypal symbolism, and intertextuality (from within), analyzing the human emotions in the cultural situation of language-and-music aspects. The operatic example of Ibsen’s Peer Gynt (1867) intertextualized the cultural trends of Scandinavia. This literary script was set to music by Grieg to make an operatic expression. After the “picaresque” adventures, Peer Gynt ends in a “romantic” revelation. Grieg’s music reworded and rephrased the script in musical verse and rhythm, following the intertextuality of Nordic folk music and Wagner’s fashionable operas. Ibsen’s Peer Gynt text has since been translated in Jakobson’s “translation proper” to other languages. After 150 years, the vocal translation of the operatic text needs the “intersemiotic translation or transmutation” to modernize the translated text and attract present-day audiences.
Investigation of dimension accuracy formation in casting patterns carried out by method of additive technologies for foundry
Authors: Буцанец Артем , Butsanets Artem , Ольховик Евгений , Olkhovik Evgeniy , Агеева Александра , Ageeva Aleksandra
Published: January 2017

The results of investigations on the use of additive technologies for manufacturing geometrically complex patterns in foundry technology are presented. The purpose of this work is the investigation of possibility to use as pattern materials – PLA and ABS plastic according to the technology of the layer-by-layer application of melted pattern material through an extruder. In the paper there is considered an alternative method which consists in printing basic units on a 3D printer with subsequent manufacturing patterns made of them for casts. For 3D pattern conversion into a set of instructions for the motion of a printing head there was used Replicator G (free software). The parameters of dimension accuracy and a rate of pattern material burning were investigated inasmuch as a slow gasification can result in unsatisfactory filling of a mold with melt and as a consequence in the defect formation in a subsequent cast because gas dissolution in metal.
Correlates of Adaptive Functioning in Minimally Verbal Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Frost Kyle M. , Hong Natalie , Lord Catherine
Published: January 2017

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to have significant delays in adaptive functioning. In this study, the relationship between adaptive behavior and ASD symptomatology was investigated in minimally verbal, school-aged children with ASD (n = 333). Both the social affect (SA) and restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) domains from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) were analyzed in relation to adaptive skills. ADOS SA scores contributed unique variance to scores in each Vineland domain, though cognitive ability and age accounted for considerably more variance across domains. Results indicate that there is a significant, but small, association between social affect deficits and adaptive skills, challenging clinicians, educators, and caregivers to target adaptive skills in addition to more specific features of ASD.
Executive Functioning Mediates the Effect of Behavioral Problems on Depression in Mothers of Children With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Chan Wai , Smith Leann E. , Greenberg Jan S. , Hong Jinkuk , Mailick Marsha R.
Published: January 2017

The present investigation explored long-term relationships of behavioral symptoms of adolescents and adults with developmental disabilities with the mental health of their mothers. Fragile X premutation carrier mothers of an adolescent or adult child with fragile X syndrome (n = 95), and mothers of a grown child with autism (n = 213) were included. Behavioral symptoms at Time 1 were hypothesized to predict maternal depressive symptoms at Time 3 via maternal executive dysfunction at Time 2. Results provided support for the mediating pathway of executive dysfunction. Additionally, the association of behavioral symptoms with executive dysfunction differed across the two groups, suggesting that premutation carriers may be more susceptible to caregiving stress due to their genotype.
Adolescent Siblings of Individuals With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Self-Reported Empathy and Feelings About Their Brothers and Sisters
Authors: Shivers Carolyn M. , Dykens Elisabeth M.
Published: January 2017

Siblings of brothers or sisters with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are important but understudied family members. As many previous studies have relied on parent report of sibling outcomes, the use of sibling self-report is an important addition to the research. This study assessed the feelings of adolescent siblings toward their brothers or sisters with and without IDD, as well as broader aspects of sibling empathy. Data were collected via a national, online survey from 97 parent-sibling pairs. Siblings of individuals with IDD reported higher levels of anxiety toward the target child than did siblings of typically developing individuals. Sibling feelings toward the target child were related to both parental and target child factors, but only among families of individuals with IDD.
What's the Harm? Harms in Research With Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: McDonald Katherine E. , Conroy Nicole E. , Olick Robert S. , Panel The Project ETHICS Expert
Published: January 2017

Scientific advances can improve the lives of adults with intellectual disability, yet concerns that research participation may impose harm impede scientific progress. What counts as harmful can be subjective and perceptions of harm may vary among stakeholders. We studied perspectives on the harmfulness of research events among adults with intellectual disability, family members and friends, disability service providers, researchers, and Institutional Review Board members. We found considerable variance. For example, adults with intellectual disability see exclusion from research as more harmful, but most psychosocial harms as less significant than others. All stakeholders agree that having someone else make the participation decision is harmful. Findings provide insights into the concept of harm and ethical research with adults with intellectual disability.
Joseph Davidovich Levit – the oretician and practitioner of national endocrinology (90th birthday anniversary)
Authors: Levit Shmuel , Levit Vyacheslav Moiseevich
Published: January 2017

Joseph Davidovich Levit – a well-known Soviet endocrinologist; a disciple of the founder of the Russian school of endocrinology, Vasily Gavrilovich Baranov; and an outstanding thyroidologist whose name is firmly established in the history of medicine.Dr. Joseph Levit was among the pioneers of the field. Not only did he meticulously research the endemic problems of goiter and its various forms, but also showed a clear inverse relationship between autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and endemic iodine deficiency.He was one of the first in the Soviet Union to open a hormone laboratory built to the highest standards at the time, and put into practice the prevention and treatment of various forms of goiter. He saved tens of thousands of patients from the necessity of surgical intervention, was categorically against the extirpation of the thyroid gland in AIT patients, a common practice in those days.A brilliant organizer, he founded from scratch the endocrine service in the Chelyabinsk region, considered one of the best in the USSR.Trained countless experts – endocrinologists, post-graduates and doctors of sciences.Dr. Levit authored over 100 scientific papers, the monograph “Autoimmune Thyroiditis”, and numerous innovations. He held a strong belief in the possibility of bringing autoimmune diseases into remission and was far ahead of his time proving it in practice.The main works of Dr. Joseph Levit, as well as his scientific biography may serve not only as a source of useful information, but also as an incentive for independent research for both the younger generation and the seasoned experts in various fields of medical science.
Severe neuropathy in a patient with ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kalashnikov Victor Yur'evich , Smirnova Olga Michailovna , Melkozerov Konstantin Vladimirovich , Beshlieva Diana Dzhemalovna , Tovarnova Anastasiya Andreevna
Published: January 2017

The article describes a variety of severe clinical manifestations of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. The peculiarity of this case is the simultaneous onset of autonomic neuropathy and lesions of the cardiovascular system, complications of untreated diabetes, without acute decompensation in carbohydrate metabolism.
La vigencia de Hannah Arendt y John Dewey en la acción docente del siglo XXI
Authors: Pallarès Piquer Marc , Muñoz Escalada Mari Carmen
Published: January 2017

Frecuentemente, cuando se reflexiona sobre qué modelo de escuela queremos, el pasado se asocia a lo anacrónico y el futuro aparece como incierto. Este artículo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre el legado de Hannah Arendt y de John Dewey como base de una acción educativa que, partiendo de todo aquello referente a la teoría de la educación que se pueda aprovechar del pasado, involucre en la escuela a todas las acciones que preparen el camino de la construcción de saberes. La experiencia y el análisis del contexto en el que (con)vive el alumnado se presentan como aquellos elementos clave para la expansión de los contenidos didácticos que marcan los currículums académicos, y deben centrarse en adecuar y totalizar la información y los conocimientos que todo sistema educativo pretenda transmitir.
Iron overload and altered iron metabolism in ovarian cancer
Authors: Rockfield Stephanie , Raffel Joseph , Mehta Radhe , Rehman Nabila , Nanjundan Meera
Published: January 2017

Iron is an essential element required for many processes within the cell. Dysregulation in iron homeostasis due to iron overload is detrimental. This nutrient is postulated to contribute to the initiation of cancer; however, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unclear. Defining how iron promotes the development of ovarian cancers from precursor lesions is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss (1) how iron overload conditions may initiate ovarian cancer development, (2) dysregulated iron metabolism in cancers, (3) the interplay between bacteria, iron, and cancer, and (4) chemotherapeutic strategies targeting iron metabolism in cancer patients.
The Application of Postactivation Potentiation Methods to Improve Sprint Speed
Authors: Healy Robin , Comyns Thomas M.
Published: January 2017

THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE APPLICATION OF A VARIETY OF MODALITIES TO ELICIT A POSTACTIVATION POTENTIATION (PAP) RESPONSE IN SPRINTING. WE PRESENT THE EXISTING LITERATURE ON THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF BACK SQUATS, POWER CLEANS, PLYOMETRICS, AND SLED PULLING ON SPRINT DISTANCES RANGING FROM 5 TO 50 M. WE ALSO DISCUSS AND PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF HOW COACHES CAN ASSESS THE INDIVIDUAL EFFECTS OF PAP PROTOCOLS ON THEIR ATHLETES TO IDENTIFY WHETHER A PROTOCOL ELICITS AN ACUTE IMPROVEMENT OR IMPAIRMENT IN PERFORMANCE. FINALLY, WE PROVIDE PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON HOW COACHES CAN INCORPORATE THESE METHODS INTO A SPRINT TRAINING SESSION.
Characteristics of the Parameters of Somatic Construction and Fitness Level in Elderly People Based on Selected Fullerton Test Samples
Authors: Zieliński Marek , Zielińska Jolanta , Ślusarz Robert
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Aging should be understood, however, as a progressive deterioration of the function of organs and systems caused by the passage of time, which leads to a reduction of adaptability in stressful situations. The moment when deterioration of organ function starts, is individually variable, just as the pace of its progress. Linking physical fitness with health is known as the H-R-F (Health-Related Fitness) concept. It corresponds to those components of fitness, which result from both the beneficial and adverse effects of regular physical activity, and which are related to the level of health condition.Aim. The purpose of this study is to present the results of research on basic somatic construction parameters and of selected physical fitness tests of the students of Kujawsko-Dobrzyński Third Age University of the University of Humanities and Economics in Wloclawek, aged over 60.Material and Methods. The research material consists of the data obtained from somatic measurements and fitness tests conducted among students of Kujawsko-Dobrzyński University of the Third Age at the University of Humanities and Economics in Wloclawek. Cross-sectional research was carried out under UHE team grant in November 2014 among 30 women. The age of the female students ranged from 60 to 75 years with the average age of 65 years. The group of women included in the tests were attending classes at the University of the Third Age at the University of Humanities and Economics, undertaking activities related to physical activity of elderly people in the area of a physical recreation (15 women) and the ‘solo’ dance (15 women). The classes of widely understood physical activity were supplemented by lectures and seminars in the field of philosophy, pedagogy, gerontology and life sciences.Results. The study showed that the average age of the students was 65 years, the average value of the body weight was below 70.9 kg, and the average body height was 159.7 cm. Body mass index in more than 63% of women can be classified into the category of overweight and only in the case of 17% of the respondents the index can be regarded as standard. The analysis of physical fitness indicates that the average value of the strength of the upper limbs in an attempt to bend the forearm exceeds 22 repetitions, and the mean strength of the lower limbs in an attempt to stand up from a chair is 19.13 repetitions.Conclusions. 1. The age of the study groups is different (a statistically significant difference) whereas the BMI index is the same. 2. In both fitness tests better results (statistically significant) were obtained by female listeners participating in fitness classes, which may result from the increased physical activity of higher intensity and frequency. (JNNN 2015;4(2):48–55)
Craniocerebral Injuries and the Glasgow Coma Scale Score in the Patients under the Influence of Alcohol Admitted to Hospital Emergency Department
Authors: Kołpa Małgorzata , Grochowska Aneta , Gniadek Agnieszka , Jurkiewicz Beata , Gondek Marta
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Alcohol abuse constitutes a significant social and health problem in Poland. Consumption of even a small amount of alcohol causes an increase in the probability of the injury.Aim. The objective of the thesis was to determine the relationship between the scoring in the Glasgow Coma Scale and head injuries in the patients under the influence of alcohol admitted to the Hospital Emergency Department in an urgent mode.Material and Methods. On the basis of the retrospective analysis the group of 210 intoxicated patients of the Hospital Emergency Department of the University Hospital in Cracow (167 men and 43 women) who sustained head injuries during the period from 1st May 2011 to 1st May 2012 was examined. The data included in the medical documentation, such as: age, gender, result of the scoring in the Glasgow Coma Scale, blood alcohol level, sustained head injuries on the basis of the CT examination and selected co-existing post-traumatic disorders were taken into consideration.Results. Among the patients with high blood alcohol level there were people with both high and low results in the Glasgow Coma Scale. The patients with fractures of the facial bones and skull base, epidural haematoma, pericerebral haematoma, subdural haematoma, intracerebral haematoma, subarachnoid haematoma, cerebral edema, displacement of the ventricular system and blood in the location of the cerebellar tentorium had the lower scoring in the Glasgow Coma Scale than other patients. The lowest score in the Glasgow Coma Scale had the patients who fell from height, the highest one — patients after a suicide attempt.Conclusions. Blood alcohol level did not have an influence on the scoring in the Glasgow Coma Scale. There is a relationship between the scoring in the Glasgow Coma Scale and head injuries. The GCS score depended on the symptoms that co-exist with the head injuries. The mechanism (cause) of sustained head injury determined the score in the Glasgow Coma Scale. (JNNN 2015;4(2):56–61)