bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical electrophysiology of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Marmoy Oliver R. , Viswanathan Suresh
Published: June 2021

Clinical electrophysiological assessment of optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell function can be performed using the Pattern Electroretinogram (PERG), Visual Evoked Potential (VEP) and the Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) amongst other more specialised techniques. In this review, we describe these electrophysiological techniques and their application in diseases affecting the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells with the exception of glaucoma. The disease groups discussed include hereditary, compressive, toxic/nutritional, traumatic, vascular, inflammatory and intracranial causes for optic nerve or retinal ganglion cell dysfunction. The benefits of objective, electrophysiological measurement of the retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve are discussed, as are their applications in clinical diagnosis of disease, determining prognosis, monitoring progression and response to novel therapies.
Chemoenzymatic modular assembly of O-GalNAc glycans for functional glycomics
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai , Chen Congcong , Gadi Madhusudhan Reddy , Saikam Varma , Liu Ding , Zhu He , Bollag Roni , Liu Kebin , Chen Xi , Wang Fengshan , Wang Peng George , Ling Peixue , Guan Wanyi , Li Lei
Published: June 2021

O-GalNAc glycans (or mucin O-glycans) play pivotal roles in diverse biological and pathological processes, including tumor growth and progression. Structurally defined O-GalNAc glycans are essential for functional studies but synthetic challenges and their inherent structural diversity and complexity have limited access to these compounds. Herein, we report an efficient and robust chemoenzymatic modular assembly (CEMA) strategy to construct structurally diverse O-GalNAc glycans. The key to this strategy is the convergent assembly of O-GalNAc cores 1–4 and 6 from three chemical building blocks, followed by enzymatic diversification of the cores by 13 well-tailored enzyme modules. A total of 83 O-GalNAc glycans presenting various natural glycan epitopes are obtained and used to generate a unique synthetic mucin O-glycan microarray. Binding specificities of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) including plant lectins and selected anti-glycan antibodies towards these O-GalNAc glycans are revealed by this microarray, promoting their applicability in functional O-glycomics. Serum samples from colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls are assayed using the array reveal higher bindings towards less common cores 3, 4, and 6 than abundant cores 1 and 2, providing insights into O-GalNAc glycan structure-activity relationships.
Citywide serosurveillance of the initial SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in San Francisco using electronic health records
Authors: Routledge Isobel , Epstein Adrienne , Takahashi Saki , Janson Owen , Hakim Jill , Duarte Elias , Turcios Keirstinne , Vinden Joanna , Sujishi Kirk , Rangel Jesus , Coh Marcelina , Besana Lee , Ho Wai-Kit , Oon Ching-Ying , Ong Chui Mei , Yun Cassandra , Lynch Kara , Wu Alan H. B. , Wu Wesley , Karlon William , Thornborrow Edward , Peluso Michael J. , Henrich Timothy J. , Pak John E. , Briggs Jessica , Greenhouse Bryan , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel
Published: June 2021

Serosurveillance provides a unique opportunity to quantify the proportion of the population that has been exposed to pathogens. Here, we developed and piloted Serosurveillance for Continuous, ActionabLe Epidemiologic Intelligence of Transmission (SCALE-IT), a platform through which we systematically tested remnant samples from routine blood draws in two major hospital networks in San Francisco for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during the early months of the pandemic. Importantly, SCALE-IT allows for algorithmic sample selection and rich data on covariates by leveraging electronic health record data. We estimated overall seroprevalence at 4.2%, corresponding to a case ascertainment rate of only 4.9%, and identified important heterogeneities by neighborhood, homelessness status, and race/ethnicity. Neighborhood seroprevalence estimates from SCALE-IT were comparable to local community-based surveys, while providing results encompassing the entire city that have been previously unavailable. Leveraging this hybrid serosurveillance approach has strong potential for application beyond this local context and for diseases other than SARS-CoV-2.
Enhancing fatigue life by ductile-transformable multicomponent B2 precipitates in a high-entropy alloy
Authors: Feng Rui , Rao You , Liu Chuhao , Xie Xie , Yu Dunji , Chen Yan , Ghazisaeidi Maryam , Ungar Tamas , Wang Huamiao , An Ke , Liaw Peter. K.
Published: June 2021

Catastrophic accidents caused by fatigue failures often occur in engineering structures. Thus, a fundamental understanding of cyclic-deformation and fatigue-failure mechanisms is critical for the development of fatigue-resistant structural materials. Here we report a high-entropy alloy with enhanced fatigue life by ductile-transformable multicomponent B2 precipitates. Its cyclic-deformation mechanisms are revealed by real-time in-situ neutron diffraction, transmission-electron microscopy, crystal-plasticity modeling, and Monte-Carlo simulations. Multiple cyclic-deformation mechanisms, including dislocation slips, precipitation strengthening, deformation twinning, and reversible martensitic phase transformation, are observed in the studied high-entropy alloy. Its improved fatigue performance at low strain amplitudes, i.e., the high fatigue-crack-initiation resistance, is attributed to the high elasticity, plastic deformability, and martensitic transformation of the B2-strengthening phase. This study shows that fatigue-resistant alloys can be developed by incorporating strengthening ductile-transformable multicomponent intermetallic phases.
Maps and metrics of insecticide-treated net access, use, and nets-per-capita in Africa from 2000-2020
Authors: Bertozzi-Villa Amelia , Bever Caitlin A. , Koenker Hannah , Weiss Daniel J. , Vargas-Ruiz Camilo , Nandi Anita K. , Gibson Harry S. , Harris Joseph , Battle Katherine E. , Rumisha Susan F. , Keddie Suzanne , Amratia Punam , Arambepola Rohan , Cameron Ewan , Chestnutt Elisabeth G. , Collins Emma L. , Millar Justin , Mishra Swapnil , Rozier Jennifer , Symons Tasmin , Twohig Katherine A. , Hollingsworth T. Deirdre , Gething Peter W. , Bhatt Samir
Published: June 2021

Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are one of the most widespread and impactful malaria interventions in Africa, yet a spatially-resolved time series of ITN coverage has never been published. Using data from multiple sources, we generate high-resolution maps of ITN access, use, and nets-per-capita annually from 2000 to 2020 across the 40 highest-burden African countries. Our findings support several existing hypotheses: that use is high among those with access, that nets are discarded more quickly than official policy presumes, and that effectively distributing nets grows more difficult as coverage increases. The primary driving factors behind these findings are most likely strong cultural and social messaging around the importance of net use, low physical net durability, and a mixture of inherent commodity distribution challenges and less-than-optimal net allocation policies, respectively. These results can inform both policy decisions and downstream malaria analyses.
Non-conditioned bone marrow chimeric mouse generation using culture-based enrichment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Ochi Kiyosumi , Morita Maiko , Wilkinson Adam C. , Iwama Atsushi , Yamazaki Satoshi
Published: June 2021

Bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice are a valuable tool in the field of immunology, with the genetic manipulation of donor cells widely used to study gene function under physiological and pathological settings. To date, however, BM chimera protocols require myeloablative conditioning of recipient mice, which dramatically alters steady-state hematopoiesis. Additionally, most protocols use fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) for ex vivo genetic manipulation. Here, we describe our development of cell culture techniques for the enrichment of functional HSPCs from mouse BM without the use of FACS purification. Furthermore, the large number of HSPCs derived from these cultures generate BM chimeric mice without irradiation. These HSPC cultures can also be genetically manipulated by viral transduction, to allow for doxycycline-inducible transgene expression in donor-derived immune cells within non-conditioned immunocompetent recipients. This technique is therefore expected to overcome current limitations in mouse transplantation models.
Wavefront dislocations reveal the topology of quasi-1D photonic insulators
Authors: Dutreix Clément , Bellec Matthieu , Delplace Pierre , Mortessagne Fabrice
Published: June 2021

Phase singularities appear ubiquitously in wavefields, regardless of the wave equation. Such topological defects can lead to wavefront dislocations, as observed in a humongous number of classical wave experiments. Phase singularities of wave functions are also at the heart of the topological classification of the gapped phases of matter. Despite identical singular features, topological insulators and topological defects in waves remain two distinct fields. Realising 1D microwave insulators, we experimentally observe a wavefront dislocation – a 2D phase singularity – in the local density of states when the systems undergo a topological phase transition. We show theoretically that the change in the number of interference fringes at the transition reveals the topological index that characterises the band topology in the insulator.
The geometry of clinical labs and wellness states from deeply phenotyped humans
Authors: Zimmer Anat , Korem Yael , Rappaport Noa , Wilmanski Tomasz , Baloni Priyanka , Jade Kathleen , Robinson Max , Magis Andrew T. , Lovejoy Jennifer , Gibbons Sean M. , Hood Leroy , Price Nathan D.
Published: June 2021

Longitudinal multi-omics measurements are highly valuable in studying heterogeneity in health and disease phenotypes. For thousands of people, we have collected longitudinal multi-omics data. To analyze, interpret and visualize this extremely high-dimensional data, we use the Pareto Task Inference (ParTI) method. We find that the clinical labs data fall within a tetrahedron. We then use all other data types to characterize the four archetypes. We find that the tetrahedron comprises three wellness states, defining a wellness triangular plane, and one aberrant health state that captures aspects of commonality in movement away from wellness. We reveal the tradeoffs that shape the data and their hierarchy, and use longitudinal data to observe individual trajectories. We then demonstrate how the movement on the tetrahedron can be used for detecting unexpected trajectories, which might indicate transitions from health to disease and reveal abnormal conditions, even when all individual blood measurements are in the norm.
Dental enumeration and multiple treatment detection on panoramic X-rays using deep learning
Authors: Yüksel Atıf Emre , Gültekin Sadullah , Simsar Enis , Özdemir Şerife Damla , Gündoğar Mustafa , Tokgöz Salih Barkın , Hamamcı İbrahim Ethem
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a new powerful deep learning framework, named as DENTECT, is developed in order to instantly detect five different dental treatment approaches and simultaneously number the dentition based on the FDI notation on panoramic X-ray images. This makes DENTECT the first system that focuses on identification of multiple dental treatments; namely periapical lesion therapy, fillings, root canal treatment (RCT), surgical extraction, and conventional extraction all of which are accurately located within their corresponding borders and tooth numbers. Although DENTECT is trained on only 1005 images, the annotations supplied by experts provide satisfactory results for both treatment and enumeration detection. This framework carries out enumeration with an average precision (AP) score of 89.4% and performs treatment identification with a 59.0% AP score. Clinically, DENTECT is a practical and adoptable tool that accelerates the process of treatment planning with a level of accuracy which could compete with that of dental clinicians.
Quantitative gait analysis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus using deep learning algorithms on monocular videos
Authors: Jeong Sungmoon , Yu Hosang , Park Jaechan , Kang Kyunghun
Published: June 2021

A vision-based gait analysis method using monocular videos was proposed to estimate temporo-spatial gait parameters by leveraging deep learning algorithms. This study aimed to validate vision-based gait analysis using GAITRite as the reference system and analyze relationships between Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores and gait variability measured by vision-based gait analysis in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) patients. Gait data from 46 patients were simultaneously collected from the vision-based system utilizing deep learning algorithms and the GAITRite system. There was a strong correlation in 11 gait parameters between our vision-based gait analysis method and the GAITRite gait analysis system. Our results also demonstrated excellent agreement between the two measurement systems for all parameters except stride time variability after the cerebrospinal fluid tap test. Our data showed that stride time and stride length variability measured by the vision-based gait analysis system were correlated with FAB scores. Vision-based gait analysis utilizing deep learning algorithms can provide comparable data to GAITRite when assessing gait dysfunction in INPH. Frontal lobe functions may be associated with gait variability measurements using vision-based gait analysis for INPH patients.
Contextual prediction errors reorganize naturalistic episodic memories in time
Authors: Yazin Fahd , Das Moumita , Banerjee Arpan , Roy Dipanjan
Published: June 2021

Episodic memories are contextual experiences ordered in time. This is underpinned by associative binding between events within the same contexts. The role of prediction errors in declarative memory is well established but has not been investigated in the time dimension of complex episodic memories. Here we combine these two properties of episodic memory, extend them into the temporal domain and demonstrate that prediction errors in different naturalistic contexts lead to changes in the temporal ordering of event structures in them. The wrongly predicted older sequences were weakened despite their reactivation. Interestingly the newly encoded sequences with prediction errors, seen once, showed accuracy as high as control sequences which were viewed repeatedly without change. Drift–diffusion modelling revealed a lower decision threshold for the newer sequences than older sequences, reflected by their faster recall. Moreover, participants’ adjustments to their decision threshold significantly correlated with their relative speed of sequence memory recall. These results suggest a temporally distinct and adaptive role for prediction errors in learning and reorganizing episodic temporal sequences.
Whole blood chromium concentration is very rarely elevated independently of whole blood cobalt
Authors: Lainiala Olli , Karsikas Mari , Reito Aleksi , Eskelinen Antti
Published: June 2021

Due to the risk of adverse reactions to metal debris resulting from increased wear of the arthroplasty more than one million metal-on-metal (MoM) hip replacements worldwide are in active follow-up. Follow-up usually includes measurement of both whole blood cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) concentrations. Our experience is that Cr is seldom independently elevated. We wanted to ascertain whether blood Cr measurements could be omitted from follow-up protocols without lowering the quality of follow-up. We identified 8438 whole blood Co and Cr measurements performed without or prior to revision surgery. When the cut-off levels 5 µg/L and 7 µg/L were used, Cr was independently elevated in only 0.5% (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.3 to 0.6) and 0.2% (CI 0.1 to 0.3) of the measurements. The models with continuous variables showed that the higher the blood metal concentrations are the lower the percentage of measurements with Cr higher than Co. Our results suggest that whole blood Cr is very rarely independently elevated and therefore the authorities should consider omitting Cr measurements from their screening guidelines of MoM hip replacements. We believe this change in practice would simplify follow-up and lead to cost savings without decreasing the quality of follow-up.
The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 does not show any association among South Asian populations
Authors: Singh Prajjval Pratap , Srivastava Anshika , Sultana Gazi Nurun Nahar , Khanam Nargis , Pathak Abhishek , Suravajhala Prashanth , Singh Royana , Shrivastava Pankaj , van Driem George , Thangaraj Kumarasamy , Chaubey Gyaneshwer
Published: June 2021

With the growing evidence on the variable human susceptibility against COVID-19, it is evident that some genetic loci modulate the severity of the infection. Recent studies have identified several loci associated with greater severity. More recently, a study has identified a 50 kb genomic segment introgressed from Neanderthal adding a risk for COVID-19, and this genomic segment is present among 16% and 50% people of European and South Asian descent, respectively. Our studies on ACE2 identified a haplotype present among 20% and 60% of European and South Asian populations, respectively, which appears to be responsible for the low case fatality rate among South Asian populations. This result was also consistent with the real-time infection rate and case fatality rate among various states of India. We readdressed this issue using both of the contrasting datasets and compared them with the real-time infection rates and case fatality rate in India. We found that the polymorphism present in the 50 kb introgressed genomic segment (rs10490770) did not show any significant correlation with the infection and case fatality rate in India.
Malicious traffic detection combined deep neural network with hierarchical attention mechanism
Authors: Liu Xiaoyang , Liu Jiamiao
Published: June 2021

Given the gradual intensification of the current network security situation, malicious attack traffic is flooding the entire network environment, and the current malicious traffic detection model is insufficient in detection efficiency and detection performance. This paper proposes a data processing method that divides the flow data into data flow segments so that the model can improve the throughput per unit time to meet its detection efficiency. For this kind of data, a malicious traffic detection model with a hierarchical attention mechanism is also proposed and named HAGRU (Hierarchical Attention Gated Recurrent Unit). By fusing the feature information of the three hierarchies, the detection ability of the model is improved. An attention mechanism is introduced to focus on malicious flows in the data flow segment, which can reasonably utilize limited computing resources. Finally, compare the proposed model with the current state of the method on the datasets. The experimental results show that: the novel model performs well in different evaluation indicators (detection rate, false-positive rate, F-score), and it can improve the performance of category recognition with fewer samples when the data is unbalanced. At the same time, the training of the novel model on larger datasets will enhance the generalization ability and reduce the false alarm rate. The proposed model not only improves the performance of malicious traffic detection but also provides a new research method for improving the efficiency of model detection.
Author Correction: Wogonin reversed resistant human myelogenous leukemia cells via inhibiting Nrf2 signaling by Stat3/ NF-κB inactivation
Authors: Xu Xuefen , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhang Yi , Yang Lin , Liu Yicheng , Huang Shaoliang , Lu Lu , Kong Lingyi , Li Zhiyu , Guo Qinglong , Zhao Li
Published: June 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Access to chiral γ-butenolides via palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic C–H alkylation of 1,4-dienes
Authors: Dai Zhen-Yao , Wang Pu-Sheng , Gong Liu-Zhu
Published: June 2021

Asymmetric allylic C–H alkylation of 1,4-pentadienes with α-angelica lactones has been developed by tri-axial phosphoramidite-palladium catalysis.
A facile chemoenzymatic synthesis of SARS-CoV-2 glycopeptides for probing glycosylation functions
Authors: Zong Guanghui , Li Chao , Prabhu Sunaina Kiran , Zhang Roushu , Zhang Xiao , Wang Lai-Xi
Published: June 2021

Structurally well-defined synthetic SARS-CoV-2 glycopeptides provide useful probes for characterizing the glycan binding specificity of lectin and neutralizing antibody.
Different structural evolutions of inorganic perovskite CsGeI3
Authors: Luo Tian , Xia Yufan , Huang Jiawei , Huang Xi , Wu Zhenyuan , Chen Yuxuan , Xu Xin , Xie Weiguang , Liu Pengyi , Hu Cuiying , Lu Xing , Shi Tingting
Published: June 2021

The structural evolution of CsGeI3 and octahedral distortion in CsSnxGe1−xI3 perovskites.
The influence of Fe3+ doping on thermally induced crystallization and phase evolution of amorphous calcium phosphate
Authors: Griesiute Diana , Sinusaite Lauryna , Kizalaite Agne , Antuzevics Andris , Mazeika Kestutis , Baltrunas Dalis , Goto Tomoyo , Sekino Tohru , Kareiva Aivaras , Zarkov Aleksej
Published: June 2021

The present study investigates thermally induced crystallization and phase evolution of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) partially substituted with Fe3+ ions (M/P = 1.5 : 1).
Theoretical study of the octahedral substitution effect in delaminated pyrophyllite: physicochemical properties and applications
Authors: Luna Carla Romina , Reimers Walter Guillermo , Avena Marcelo Javier , Juan Alfredo
Published: June 2021

Fe2+ and Fe3+ substitutions induce a paramagnetic behavior and a non-zero magnetic moment appears. Then, new applications could be expected with respect to pyrophyllite and montmorillonite.
Tin deposition on ruthenium and its influence on blistering in multi-layer mirrors
Authors: Onwudinanti Chidozie , Brocks Geert , Koelman Vianney , Morgan Thomas , Tao Shuxia
Published: June 2021

A monolayer of Sn makes the Ru surface more permeable to H, but more layers inhibit H penetration.
Quantification of the electric field inside protein active sites and fullerenes
Authors: Dhakad Ambuj , Jena Subhrakant , Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Biswal Himansu S.
Published: June 2021

The electric field inside a protein: a straightforward and efficient computational protocol to predict the vibrational Stark tuning rates at different active sites of proteins, fullerenes, and nano-onions.
Selective excitation doubles the transfer of parahydrogen-induced polarization to heteronuclei
Authors: Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Ellermann Frowin , Hövener Jan-Bernd
Published: June 2021

The selective parahydrogen excitation results in two times higher 13C polarization.
Ion track etching of polycarbonate membranes monitored by in situ small angle X-ray scattering
Authors: Kiy Alexander , Notthoff Christian , Dutt Shankar , Grigg Mark , Hadley Andrea , Mota-Santiago Pablo , Kirby Nigel , Trautmann Christina , Toimil-Molares Maria E. , Kluth Patrick
Published: June 2021

In situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements of ion track etching of polycarbonate foils are used to directly monitor the formation of nanopores with high precision, including the early stages of etching.
Tethering-based chemogenetic approaches for the modulation of protein function in live cells
Authors: Tsai Yu-Hsuan , Doura Tomohiro , Kiyonaka Shigeki
Published: June 2021

Approaches for selective and rapid modulation are ideal for investigating the physiological roles of proteins. This review focuses on chemogenetic approaches in which designer molecules are attached to the target protein for the modulation of proteins in live cells.
Determination of Cu in bloodviadirect analysis of dried blood spots using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: García-Poyo M. Carmen , Pécheyran Christophe , Rello Luis , García-González Elena , Alonso Rodríguez Sharay , Nakadi Flávio V. , Aramendía Maite , Resano Martín
Published: June 2021

Fast and simple determination of Cu in blood is proposedviadirect analysis of dried blood spots of known volume.
Biohybrid sensor for odor detection
Authors: Hirata Yusuke , Oda Haruka , Osaki Toshihisa , Takeuchi Shoji
Published: June 2021

Biohybrid odorant sensors are sensing devices that utilize a biological olfactory system. This review introduces recent progress of biohybrid sensors for practical odorant monitoring and provides issues and viewpoints on multiple odorant recognition.
Synthesis of green fluorescent carbon quantum dots from the latex of Ficus benghalensis for the detection of tyrosine and fabrication of Schottky barrier diode
Authors: Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Upadhyay Rishibrind Kumar , Kumar Deepak , Bano Daraksha , Chandra Subhash , Jit Satyabrata , Hasan Syed Hadi
Published: June 2021

Green fluorescent CQDs have been synthesized from the latex of ficus benghalensis and polyethyleneimine and utilized for the detection of tyrosine. Further, fabricated a Schottky barrier diode.
RNA-targeting low-molecular-weight fluorophores for nucleoli staining: synthesis, in silico modelling and cellular imaging
Authors: Kurutos Atanas , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina , Veselinovic Aleksandar , Veselinović Jovana B. , Kamounah Fadhil S. , Ilic-Tomic Tatjana
Published: June 2021

Herein we present our work on the synthesis, investigation of the photophysical properties, interactions with nucleic acids, molecular docking, and imaging application of three carbocyanine dyes.
Free radical scavenging activity of newly designed sesamol derivatives
Authors: Castro-González Laura M. , Galano Annia , Alvarez-Idaboy Juan Raúl
Published: June 2021

Recently proposed derivatives of sesamol as better oxidants than the parent molecule are predicted to react faster, with several orders larger rate constants than sesamol itself.
Chromone–indanedione reactant: a bifunctional 3C synthon for diastereoselective construction of skeleton-diversified bispiro-[chromanocyclopentane-oxindole-indanedione]
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Zheng , Tian You-Ping , Han Xiao-Xue , Liu Xiong-Li
Published: June 2021

A new type of bifunctional 3C synthon, a chromone–indanedione precursor, was employed for diastereoselective Michael/Michael cycloaddition with methyleneindolinones to generate a series of potentially bioactive bispiro-[chromanocyclopentane-oxindole-indanedione] frameworks with skeletal diversity in a single operation.
Defective Sr0.9Mo0.9O3−δ perovskites with exsolved Ni nanoparticles as high-performance composite anodes for solid-oxide fuel cells
Authors: Larralde A. L. , Troncoso L. , Alvarez-Galvan C. , Cascos V. , Fernandez-Díaz M. T. , Alonso J. A.
Published: June 2021

An A-site deficient perovskite with metallic Ni in exsolution, Ni–Sr0.9Mo0.9O3−δ, has been prepared, characterized and tested as an anode material in intermediate-temperature solid-oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs).
Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties of 1,1′,3,3′-tetrasubstituted-4,4′-bibenzo[c]thiophene derivatives with different substituents on the thiophene rings
Authors: Obayashi Kotaro , Higashino Taiki , Imato Keiichi , Ooyama Yousuke
Published: June 2021

1,1′,3,3′-Tetrasubstituted-4,4′-bibenzo[c]thiophene derivatives have been developed, and their photophysical properties in the solution and the solid state, electrochemical properties and X-ray crystal structures were revealed.
Interaction of gases with monolayer WS2: an in situ spectroscopy study
Authors: Rao Rahul , Kim Hyunil , Perea-López Nestor , Terrones Mauricio , Maruyama Benji
Published: June 2021

In situ Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements revealed the mechanism of charge transfer for gases adsorbed onto monolayer WS2.
Mesostructuring layered materials: self-supported mesoporous layered double hydroxide nanotubes
Authors: Morais Alysson F. , Nanclares Dimy , Silva Ivan G. N. , Duarte Alfredo , Garcia Fernando A. , Breynaert Eric , Mustafa Danilo
Published: June 2021

Incorporation of Eu3+ in the hydroxide layers of layered double hydroxides (LDH) enables the curvature of the LDH sheets, allowing the self-assembly of high surface area LDH nanotubes through a facile soft-templating strategy.
New horizons for carbon dots: quantum nano-photoinitiating catalysts for cationic photopolymerization and three-dimensional (3D) printing under visible light
Authors: Tomal Wiktoria , Świergosz Tomasz , Pilch Maciej , Kasprzyk Wiktor , Ortyl Joanna
Published: June 2021

Citric acid-based carbon dots (CDs) as nano-photoinitiating catalysts for 3D printing.
PKA Cβ: a forgotten catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase opens new windows for PKA signaling and disease pathologies
Authors: Taylor Susan S. , Wallbott Maximilian , Machal Erik M. F. , Søberg Kristoffer , Ahmed Faihaa , Bruystens Jessica , Vu Lily , Baker Blaine , Wu Jian , Raimondi Francesco , Ongeri Elimelda M. , Herberg Friedrich W. , Skålhegg Bjørn S.
Published: June 2021

3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) dependent protein kinase or protein kinase A (PKA) has served as a prototype for the large family of protein kinases that are crucially important for signal transduction in eukaryotic cells. The PKA catalytic subunits are encoded by the two major genes PRKACA and PRKACB, respectively. The PRKACA gene encodes two known splice variants, the ubiquitously expressed Cα1 and the sperm-specifically expressed Cα2. In contrast, the PRKACB gene encodes several splice variants expressed in a highly cell and tissue-specific manner. The Cβ proteins are called Cβ1, Cβ2, Cβ3, Cβ4 and so-called abc variants of Cβ3 and Cβ4. Whereas Cβ1 is ubiquitously expressed, Cβ2 is enriched in immune cells and the Cβ3, Cβ4 and their abc variants are solely expressed in neuronal cells. All Cα and Cβ splice variants share a kinase-conserved catalytic core and a C-terminal tail encoded by exons 2 through 10 in the PRKACA and PRKACB genes, respectively. All Cα and Cβ splice variants with the exception of Cα1 and Cβ1 are hyper-variable at the N-terminus. Here, we will discuss how the PRKACA and PRKACB genes have developed as paralogs that encode distinct and functionally non-redundant proteins. The fact that Cα and Cβ splice variant mutations are associated with numerous diseases further opens new windows for PKA-induced disease pathologies.
Effect of different lubricating oil formulas on the adaptability of cGPF aftertreatment
Authors: Yang Songwei , Li Guotian , Wang Chuanqi , Yin Zenghui , Zhang Enxing
Published: June 2021

Based on two different components of lubricating oil, this paper analyzes the filtration efficiency, ash accumulation speed, vehicle WLTC emissions, fuel consumption, and CT scan on a National V emission standard engine equipped with a cGPF aftertreatment device. The results show that both oils can ensure that cGPF meets the emission and fuel consumption requirements of National VI emission standard, but oil F accumulates ash quickly before the ash accumulation of 33% in the discharge, which has a significant effect on PN reduction, and oil C accumulates ash faster after the accumulation of 33%. The effect of reducing the PN is accelerated. Oil F is based on a full calcium detergent system, which has a trend of first to slower for the collection efficiency; while oil C is based on a mixed Ca/Mg detergent system, which has a trend of first slowing and then fasting the collection efficiency. The critical point is generally about 33% of accumulated ash. For oil F, less ash is deposited in the front and middle of the cGPF, while more ash tends to deposit towards the outlet. In contrast, cGPF aged with Oil C has a relatively uniform deposition distribution.
Experimental research on the effect of accelerated aging conditions on the performance of diesel lubricating oil
Authors: Yin Zenghui , Zhang Enxing , Hao Jing , Li Guotian
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a specific engine is selected to perform a bench test to evaluate the performance of the diesel lubricating oil. The injection time of the original engine is changed , and an appropriate after-injection strategy is selected to achieve accelerated aging of the lubricating oil.In the engine bench test, oil samples are taken at regular intervals to analyze the physical and chemical indicators and tribological characteristics, to determine the regularity of the change of the oil aging degree. At the same time, two different kinds of diesel lubricating oil were used for the test, so as to compare the performance parameters of different kinds of the lubricating oil during the aging process.
The application of traffic data in developing Chinese light duty driving test cycle
Authors: Shen Shu , Li Jingyuan , Song Guohua , Zang Jinrui
Published: June 2021

Based on the research of the traffic flow model, generating the Vehicle Hours Travelled (VHT) and weight factors matrix of different cities in different speed phase by using the GIS whole road network data and traffic low-frequency dynamic data. Applying weighting factors to generate a unified speed - acceleration distribution of different cities in different speed phase with chi-square test to select candidate short trips, and to determine the test cycle duration of each phase in developing Chinese Light Duty Driving Test Cycle.
GIS-based analysis of urban traffic model: Case study in Beijing
Authors: Liang Yongkai , Li Jingyuan , Liu Hai
Published: June 2021

Taking the traffic flow characteristics of Beijing's entire road network as the object, and using the low-frequency traffic big data of GIS (Geographic Information System), the roads of the whole road network are divided into four road grades, and the traffic flow-speed models are constructed respectively. In view of the deviation of the model calculation caused by the sudden rise and fall of the traveling vehicle at night, the flow of the traffic flow model is corrected by cubic polynomial fitting, and the mathematical model is compared, calibrated and verified. Focus on analyzing the influence of roads of different grades and seasons on the characteristics of road traffic flow, and provide data support for further research on intelligent transportation.
Research on light weight of thin-walled beam for automobile body
Authors: Chen Xiang , Zhang Yuquan , Jia Pei , Lv Zhaowen , Ma Rulin
Published: June 2021

The developing trend of the light-weight car is the using of new light-weight materials and the optimization of the car body structure. The beam construction is the major bearing part of the car body. The thin–walled beam of the light-material plays a significant role in lightening the car' own weight, saving the materials, reducing fuel consumption and air pollution. Firstly, the relationship between the thin-walled beam that is fixed in both points and the attribute of the material can be infered from the stiffness coefficient which used as the quantitative index to estimate materials. Then take the body-in-white produced by domestic car factory as an object of study, and use Cu or Al or Mg as the materials of the thin-walled beam to calculate the bending rigidity and torsional stiffness of thewhole car body by using the FEM simulation conducted in HyperMesh.The results show that under the condition of bending and torsion, the SME value is lower when the lighten materials such as Al or Cu are used as the bodywork of the thin-walled beam than steel is. Lighten material can greatly reduce the weight of the vehicle. But it also decreased the bending and torsional stiffness of the bodywork. Therefore, in order to avoid decreasing mechanical properties which caused by adopting lighten materials, we must consider the structural design of the thin-walled beam when adopt material for lightweight.
Study on microstructure and thermal conductivity of semi-solid die casting aluminum alloy
Authors: Hu Zengrong , Wang Xiaonan , Chen Xiaming , Huan Pengcheng , Li Weihua , Hiromi Nagaumi
Published: June 2021

In order to improve the comprehensive properties of casting aluminum, and to fulfill the requirements of forming thin wall fins for communication products, mechanical stirring was employed to prepare the semi-solid aluminum alloy AlSi8. communication products were produced by the semi-solid die casting process. The microstructure and mechanical and thermal properties were studied. The test results show that the microstructure of semi-solid die-casting samples changes from dendrite to globular microstructure, and the average tensile strength, elongation and thermal conductivity are 220MPa, 7% and 170 W/(m*K), respectively, which is significantly higher than that of the common die-casting samples. It was proved that the semi-solid die casting technology can be used in actual production and improve the products quality.
Color design of the internal environment of factory workshop
Authors: Chen Wei , Fan Jun
Published: June 2021

In view of the present situation that the factory workshop is in a grey environment world, to accelerate the fatigue of operators and affect the productivity of labor, this paper puts forward how to design the color of production environment from the angle of the human physiology and psychology. And points out that working under a good environment color can improve productivity and reduce labor accidents.
Synergy of Family Business and Social Entrepreneurship: Problems of Law, Economics and Technology Development
Authors: Levushkin Anatoly N. , Grishina Yana S. , Bartkova Olga G. , Savina Tatyana V.
Published: June 2021

During the economic instability, crisis processes in economic relations, and the growing prospects of a new “step” of the global economic crisis, theoretical and applied research in the field of legal support for strengthening and supporting economic development, small and medium-sized businesses, and digital technologies in the Russian Federation plays a great role.

The purpose of the study: A legal study of the current legislation in order to apply the concept of synergy of family business and social entrepreneurship for the effective implementation of economic processes and solving technological problems, identify the problems of family business development in the new economic realities and propose some ways to solve them at the legislative level.

The object of the study is a set of economic, entrepreneurial, civil-legal relations that arise in the implementation of family business and social entrepreneurship in modern economic realities based on new technologies.

Methods: General scientific and private scientific methods of scientific cognition were used in the study: systematic, historical, logical, comparative-legal, formal-legal, and others.

Novelty: It is proved that social entrepreneurship and family business should be a system-forming link in economic relations, linking the state with small and medium-sized businesses. The introduction of such form of business (social and family entrepreneurship) should eliminate many economic problems and gaps in the legal regulation of issues that arise while conducting economic activities by family members. The necessity of separating social entrepreneurship and family business into a separate economic and legal category is justified, and the expediency of consolidating the concept of social entrepreneurship and family enterprise at the federal level is proved.
Framework Agreement as a Regulator of Economic Relations, Business and Financial Activities
Authors: Morozov Sergey Yu. , Ilyushina Marina N. , Izmailov Vitaly V. , Dzhindzholiya Kama K.
Published: June 2021

Very It seems relevant to consider a framework agreement on the implementation of economic activity, business and financial activities due to two circumstances: 1) framework agreements are most widespread in the sphere of economics, since it is the persons engaged in entrepreneurial activity who most of all need long-term planning of their economic interests and the distribution of financial resources; 2) certain types of framework agreements, named in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, are most widespread in the economy and the sphere of finance, digital technologies, that is, they are most often used in doing business. Purpose of research: the study of organizational relations developing in the field of economic activity, the definition of the problems of framework agreements both in doctrinal and legislative and law enforcement aspects in the field of economic and financial relations, as well as the development of proposals for improving legislation in this area. Methods: The methodological basis is general scientific methods of cognition of legal phenomena, such as synthesis, the method of analogy, formal logic and others, as well as private scientific research methods. problems of framework agreements applied in the field of economic activity. Results and novelty: Conclusions are formulated on the essential conditions of the framework agreement and practical recommendations are provided for the conclusion of such agreements as regulators of economic and financial activities. The place of framework agreements in the implementation of certain types of economic and entrepreneurial activities, such as banking and insurance activities, is analysed.
Game Reproduction of the Queuing System as an Economic Laboratory Experiment
Authors: Faizullin Rinat
Published: June 2021

This article presents the results of an economic laboratory experiment based on a queuing system. The “classical” problem of the theory of mass service, known as the Erlang problem, with the aim of studying the behavioral theory of games reproduced in this article. It is based on the theory of queuing, which allows the company to avoid inefficient organization of customer service. Considerable attention is paid to the provisions of the behavioral theory of games as a method of making management decisions and their practical application. A mathematical model of decision making studied by queuing theory was compiled. There are Conclusions about the behavior in real economic situations. The experiment presented in the form of a game can be used as an original method of teaching economics.
Issues of Rarity in the Treasure Economy
Authors: Datchenko Irina , Alimova Natalia , Popova Svetlana , Sichkar Tatiana
Published: June 2021

The article examines the changes occurring in society as evidenced by the crisis of 2020. In this regard, the authors explore such formations as the emerging economy of impressions (categories: raw materials, goods, services, impressions) and the economy of riches (categories: raw materials, goods, services, impressions, rarity). The formulae for the types of activities that constitute the economy of impressions and the economy of rarity are defined. The analysis of the growth prospects of the economies of some countries is carried out. The comparative analysis of consumer demand in Russia and its areas showed that during the pandemic, there is a tendency of changing the values system in the political and socio-economic reality of the individual, which is reflected in its various practical needs and relations to the surrounding resources, goods and services: service and entertainment industries are suffering heavy losses, some segments of business experiencing growth of consumer activity: online shopping, delivery services, educational and entertainment services, remote banking It is stated that nowadays the rarity category, such as real communication, is gaining priority in the economy of treasure. Conducted a comparative analysis of some of the countries and Russian areas most similar levels of economic development, as a basis for meaningful conclusions that interpersonal relationships and communication is a category of rarity and has a special value in this pandemic period, representing the economy of treasures.
Problems of human resources modernization and the formation of a proposal labor force in the youth labor market
Authors: Petrenko Tatyana , Marinova Irina , Zimovets Alexander , Leonova Liliya
Published: June 2021

The labor market in the modern economic system is the most dynamically changing sphere of the economy, where all new trends demonstrate characteristics corresponding to the realities of the modernizing world, which make it possible to judge the directions of such modernization. Changes in the qualitative requirements for human resources, the instability of the market environment and increased mobility of all market segments, especially against the background of the influence of lockdowns on various aspects of society, presupposes the actualization of the solution to the problems of human resources modernization. This is especially important for expanding the potential of the labor force through the most dynamic and mobile part of it -the youth labor market. The expansion of formalized requirements for the professional and qualification characteristics of workers determines the directions of the labor market. Traditional vocational guidance cannot be viewed as an argument that allows one to form appropriate perceptions and opportunities for quality choices. There is a need for new institutional forms of organizing the interaction of all stakeholders -employers studying in educational institutions of various levels of training, professional educational organizations, regional employment centers, recruiting agencies, for example, youth library and information centers, whose functions include information, educational, cultural, technological areas of work.
The Concept of “Risk Content” and its Calculation for the Investment Project Work
Authors: Doroshenko Margarita
Published: June 2021

The subject of the article is the concept of "risk content" introduced by the author and the peculiarities of its calculation for the investment project work. The purpose of the article is to provide an investor with practical tools for calculating the risk content of the project work. As a result of calculations, formulas for calculating resource losses and the risk content of the project work are found. The area of possible practical application of the research results is the investor's activity when investing in an investment project.
Transformation of the Scientific Paradigm of Leadership Under the Influence of Digital Reality
Authors: Gubanova Alyona , Mineva Oksana , Gadzhieva Elena
Published: June 2021

Leadership is a kind of integrator of the problems of modern management science and practice, which leads to a continuing interest in the study of the personality of the leader and the models of his behavior and activities in modern society, in the management of organizations and processes. At the turn of the XX-XXI centuries, research in the field of leadership is very actively continuing, however, in general, it has changed its direction, shifting attention to the personality of the leader, the possibilities of his self-development and self-improvement for more effective leadership, internal motivation, the authenticity of the leader and his behavior, which was facilitated by the systemic crisis in business in developed countries, global problems of our time, the transition from the industrial economy to the knowledge economy. The article defines the fundamental differences in the leadership models of the industrial economy and the knowledge economy, and describes modern approaches to the study of leadership. It is revealed that modern leadership studies somehow develop the main directions of the study of leaders and leadership, set by classical concepts, but at the same time have significant distinctive trends that have formed in recent decades: the desire for collective leadership, the transition from transactional to transformational leadership, the development of leadership «deep» in the direction of self-motivation of the leader, a largely irrational approach to leadership.