bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk: The Queer Pedagogy of The Man Without a Face1
Authors: Mason Derritt
Published: September 2021

This chapter illustrates how queer young adult literature might provide more nuanced versions of risk than the limited yet pervasive narrative of “at-risk.” Mason challenges the idea that “risk,” when associated with queer youth, necessarily entails harm and violence; he considers instead the pleasurable risks offered by queerness. This chapter rethinks the assumed constitution of risk by asking: at-risk of what? What does it mean for queer youth to actively “risk” (as a verb) versus being labelled as “at-risk”? Mason’s alternate version of risk emerges from Isabelle Holland’s 1972 novel The Man Without a Face, which is often censured by contemporary critics for its ostensibly outdated and problematic content, including an intimate teacher/student relationship. Drawing on Deborah Britzman, Mason argues that this relationship offers a model of queer pedagogy that illuminates the productive and pleasurable aspects of risk, including risk’s potential for altering our approaches to sexuality and relationality.
HIV/AIDS: Playing with Failure in Caper in the Castro and Two Boys Kissing
Authors: Mason Derritt
Published: September 2021

This chapter puts into conversation two temporally and formally distant texts: C.M. Ralph’s video game Caper in the Castro, created during the height of the AIDS crisis in 1989 and recently restored in 2017; and David Levithan’s 2013 young adult novel Two Boys Kissing, which is set in the present-day but narrated by a ghostly chorus of gay men—called the “shadow uncles”—who died during the worst of the AIDS epidemic. As a video game, Mason argues, Castro allows us to play with and feel the anxieties about HIV/AIDS that continue to circulate in queer YA and its criticism—including Levithan’s novel, which confines HIV/AIDS to historical trappings, keeping it detached from the social worlds of its young contemporary protagonists. This is consistent with the treatment of HIV/AIDS elsewhere in young adult literature, which habitually mis- and underrepresents the virus in order to preserve the innocence of its protagonists.
Not Getting Better: Sex and Self-Harm in It Gets Better / Glee Fanfiction
Authors: Mason Derritt
Published: September 2021

This chapter explores how fanfiction writers deploy characters from the television show Glee in the context of the It Gets Better anti-bullying YouTube project to imagine scenarios where the project’s teleological narrative fails to describe the lived experiences of queer youth. Glee reached peak popularity in 2010–2011, the year that It Gets Better was launched and queer YA began undergoing a publishing boom. In fanfiction that combines Glee with It Gets Better, fans repurpose It Gets Better to bring critical elements to the YouTube project that are missing from its official stories: sexual pleasure, and the possibility that it doesn’t always get better. These traces in material culture of young people writing back to It Gets Better, Mason concludes, illustrate problems with Jacqueline Rose’s argument about the untouched “middle space” between adult authors of children’s literature and the genre’s young audiences.
New York and the International Sound of Latin Music, 1940-1990
Authors: Lapidus Benjamin
Published: September 2021

New York City has long been a generative nexus for the transnational Latin music scene. Currently, there is no other place in the Americas where such large numbers of people from throughout the Caribbean come together to make music. This book seeks to recognize all of those musicians under one mighty musical sound, especially those who have historically gone unnoticed. Based on archival research, oral histories, interviews, and musicological analysis, the book examines how interethnic collaboration among musicians, composers, dancers, instrument builders, and music teachers in New York City set a standard for the study, creation, performance, and innovation of Latin music. Musicians specializing in Spanish Caribbean music in New York cultivated a sound that was grounded in tradition, including classical, jazz, and Spanish Caribbean folkloric music. The book studies this sound in detail and in its context. It offers a fresh understanding of how musicians made and formally transmitted Spanish Caribbean popular music in New York City from 1940 to 1990. Without diminishing the historical facts of segregation and racism the musicians experienced, the book treats music as a unifying force. By giving recognition to those musicians who helped bridge the gap between cultural and musical backgrounds, it recognizes the impact of entire ethnic groups who helped change music in New York. The study of these individual musicians through interviews and musical transcriptions helps to characterize the specific and identifiable New York City Latin music aesthetic that has come to be emulated internationally.
Latin music education in new york
Authors: Lapidus Benjamin
Published: September 2021

This chapter details the longstanding formal and informal Latin music education settings and networks in New York City, as well as some of the ways in which the musicians benefited from them. It introduces three Puerto Rican women, from the 1920s through 1950s, who taught some of the greatest pianists to emerge from the New York scene. The chapter then presents a Panamanian pianist and a Cuban flautist who imparted musicianship, theory, and piano lessons to countless musicians who were influential performers, composers, and arrangers. The Afro-Latin folkloric music scene in New York was an incubator for musical innovation and preservation; musicians from across ethnic groups have studied, performed, and recorded ritual and folkloric genres. New York City, unlike sites within the Caribbean, offered a wide range of formal and informal study opportunities for musicians from throughout the Caribbean. It explores some of the institutions that served as meeting grounds for musicians, and provided both rehearsal and performance opportunities for aspiring musicians.
Sonny Bravo, Típica 73, and the New York Sound
Authors: Lapidus Benjamin
Published: September 2021

This chapter focuses on an in-depth study of Elio Osácar a.k.a. Sonny Bravo, whose career as an arranger and performer began in the 1950s. It examines the rise, fall, and return of Típica 73, a pan-ethnic salsa group representative of the period 1973–80 that featured musicians from Panama, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and New Yorkers of Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Mexican descent. The chapter recounts the story of a group who covered contemporary Cuban songs and pushed the boundaries of tradition through their instrumentation and performance. It introduces some key band members such as Sonny Bravo and Johnny Rodríguez who represented important New York–based familial and musical lineages. Their success was a direct result of musical innovation and negotiation. The band came to an abrupt end after a career-defining trip to Cuba, where they recorded with Cuban counterparts. Upon their return to the United States, they were branded as communist sympathizers. Ultimately, the chapter presents musical transcriptions of Bravo's arrangements and solos and places his music and his family, via his own father's musical career, within the historical context of early-twentieth-century Cuban migration to Tampa, Miami, and New York.
Trouble in New York
Authors: Ross Charles D.
Published: September 2021

This chapter presents a brief story of the first hint of a major scandal involving the New York Custom House and Bahamian merchants. It follows an interesting story about the New York Custom House officers who boarded the Corsica soon after it arrived from Nassau and seized papers held by British citizen George Wolf. The papers the officers confiscated from Wolf helped lift the lid off the blockade-running activity in Nassau and elsewhere. The ensuing congressional investigation would make it clear to everyone that many people in the North, including those in the New York Custom House, were involved in the Great Carnival. The chapter then shifts to examine several ways to bypass the bond system. One of these was to hide contraband cargo so it did not show up on the manifest. A similar method was to “hide” contraband in plain sight. This technique made use of the fact that customs officials only checked about one case out of ten in the cargo. The chapter also argues that the other method of deception was to ship to another British port and then to Nassau. Ultimately, the chapter presents what US Congressional Committee on Public Expenditures discovered after they began to call witnesses and investigate what was happening at the custom house and between New York and Nassau. It provides a fascinating look at the inner workings of the blockade-running business.
“The Blood of Lynching Victims Is in the Soil”
Authors: Hasian Marouf A. , Paliewicz Nicholas S.
Published: September 2021

In this chapter, the authors provide readers with some critical genealogical insights in order to argue that many of the twenty-first-century conundrums that confront the EJI’s consciousness-raising efforts about forgotten lynching legacies can be traced back to the time of the Reconstruction (1866–1877) and post-Reconstruction years. This was a time when anti-lynchers had to battle “unreconstructed” Southern defenders of white supremacy as well as some of their Northern allies.
Introduction
Authors: Miller Sue
Published: September 2021

This chapter offers an overview of the book’s content, terms, and the author’s methods of research and analysis. Central to this research is an examination of “Latin” performance aesthetics using the Cuban charanga format (flute, violins, timbales, congas, güiro, piano, bass, and vocals), as the main case study. Here the concept of sabor in performance is explored and interrogated and the book’s main themes are therefore sabor, cubanía, and Cuban dance music performance aesthetics in the context of New York. The introduction concludes with a chapter outline. Some chapters in the book provide historical and ethnographic detail and a focus on musical arrangement, style, and performance aesthetics; others draw on these contextual and stylistic matters to inform more detailed musical analysis of improvised solos.
Ode to Gen X
Authors: Vosen Callens Melissa
Published: September 2021

Even for the casual viewer, the Netflix series Stranger Things will likely feel familiar, reminiscent of popular 1980s coming-of-age movies. While Stranger Things and these classic 1980s films are all tales of childhood friendship and shared adventures, they are also narratives that reflect and shape the burgeoning cynicism of the 1980s. Throughout Ode to X: Institutional Cynicism in “Stranger Things” and 1980s Film, Melissa Vosen Callens explores the parallels between iconic 1980s films featuring children and teenagers and the first three seasons of Stranger Things, moving beyond the 1980s Easter eggs to a common underlying narrative: Generation X’s (Gen X) growing distrust in American institutions. Throughout, Vosen Callens demonstrates how Stranger Things draws on popular 1980s popular culture to pay tribute to Gen X’s evolving outlook on three key and interwoven American institutions: family, economy, and government.
Opportunity (Let’s Make Lots of Money)
Authors: Vosen Callens Melissa
Published: September 2021

Chapter three describes how the economic landscape of the 1980s heavily influenced the family dynamics discussed in chapter two, with careful attention to the widening income gap and the paradoxical rise of conspicuous consumption. The chapter demonstrates how access to the American Dream—or lack thereof—is represented in 1980s popular culture and Stranger Things, reflecting and generating increased cynicism of Gen Xers. While many films of the 1980s fail to explore the relationship between economic power and social and political power, Stranger Things does so, but does so implicitly.
Fight the Power
Authors: Vosen Callens Melissa
Published: September 2021

Chapter four outlines Gen X’s relationship with two additional key institutions: the political and legal systems. Vosen Callens chronicles Gen X’s relationship with both local and national law enforcement and government officials, outlining how these relationships are represented in 1980s popular culture. Throughout their lifetime, Gen Xers have been given ample reasons to be suspicious of the government and its agents. Because of these reasons, a common motif found in iconic 1980s popular culture is the bumbling or uncooperative police officer. To some extent, this motif is also seen in Stranger Things with some slight variations.
Conclusion
Authors: Vosen Callens Melissa
Published: September 2021

This chapter examines how Stranger Things remains an ode to the 1980s despite deviating from its source material, 1980s film. Despite being influenced by key cultural movements, Stranger Things remains an ode to the 1980s because its creators, the Duffer brothers, chose to focus on the experiences and values of Gen X. Stranger Things is a homage to the generation in which the creators came of age.
Side by Side
Authors: Jiménez García Marilisa
Published: September 2021

This chapter places the book’s scholarly conversation in a framework of postcolonial, decolonial, critical race, American Studies, Latinx/Puerto Rican Studies, and children’s literature scholarship. The chapter elaborates on the role of youth, both as objects and participants, and youth literature in formation of Latinx studies, particularly in the formation of the historical and current ethnic studies movements and the history of Latinx literature in relationship to a “canon” of children’s and young adult literature.
Introduction
Authors: Mellette Justin
Published: September 2021

The introduction contextualizes the current state of whiteness studies and southern literary studies and argues that considering these lines of criticism alongside one another results in a more complete understanding of the underlying assumptions that have been made about poor whites and those deemed 'white trash.' In addition to analysing the history of the term, the introduction considers recent developments in southern studies scholarship, especially ways in which scholars have sought to expand recent definitions of the term “South.” The chapter also discusses the history of whiteness studies and argues that increased attention to the attitudes that middle- and upper-class whites have had toward poor whites is a fruitful line of scholarship. Finally, the introduction provides an early focus on the works of Erskine Caldwell and Flannery O'Connor as representative authors who complicate ideas that whiteness is homogeneous and universal.
Jim Jarmusch’s Paterson
Authors: Ryan Jack
Published: September 2021

Jarmusch's film is not a strict adaptation of the 1946 William Carlos Williams epic poem by the same name. One might more appropriately bill it as a cinematic homage to observational poetry, as essay contributor Jack Ryan does. Jarmusch does, after all, shape his films around the tenets of such poetry. Jarmusch structures the film around what is taken to be a typical work week of its hero, Paterson (Adam Driver). That hero builds a deep sense of place into the poems he writes. The chapter offers that these qualities form the center of Jarmusch’s adaptation, which finds a way to allow a daily routine to protect the creative consciousness from the crush of modernity. The film ultimately favors the process of poetry over the content of any singular poem, a point the chapter claims that Jarmusch returns to each time Paterson meets another poet.
Ruthless Ram and Sexual Sita
Authors: Maiti Rashmila
Published: September 2021

Contributor Rashmila Maiti explores Raavan (2010), Main Hoon Na (2004), and Sita Sings the Blues (2008) to uncover a clear contest between residual and emerging constructs of womanhood and femininity in contemporary adaptations of India’s Ramayana. Maiti's analysis shows how those shaping these films reject standard perceptions not only of Sita, but her husband, Ram, and the villain of the story, Raavan. Each shift provides Sita with more mobility. Raavan is rarely as villainous. Ram is more approachable. Maiti proposes that these updates mirror contemporary shifts in more progressive notions of gender in India, while also establishing a more nuanced understanding of good and evil. Taken together, Maiti estimates that these two updates cooperate to turn traditional exemplars of virtue or vice into sites of contemporary debate about the ethical justifications of the choices the characters make. The adaptations become a site of negotiation over a range of issues confronting contemporary women.
Media Portrayals of the Woman Suffrage Movement
Authors: Lent Tina Olsin
Published: September 2021

Contributor Tina Olsin Lent investigates representations of the women in four recent filmic representations of this movement: Ruth Pollak’s 1995 episode of PBS’s American Experience, One Woman, One Vote, Ken Burns’s 1999 documentary, Not for Ourselves Alone: The Story of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, Katja von Garnier’s 2004 HBO feature, Iron Jawed Angels, and Sarah Gavron’s 2015 feature film, Suffragette. Lent relates the new pattern of films to a number of cultural shifts that arise by the mid-1990s. Women assume more prominent positions within the film industry. Stories centered on women begin to find their way into films circulated in wide-release. Women also become more active in politics. And, notable anniversaries of various woman’s suffrage movements around the world begin to occur. Lent pays particular attention to the ways in which the histories found in the above four films bend to fit the narrative and political priorities surrounding each production.
«Breakout» en la formación del profesorado en ESO y Bachillerato
Authors: López Salas Nerea , Martín Carrasquilla Olga , Montes Gan M.ª Victoria
Published: September 2021

El breakout educativo (juego de escape conectado) se reconoce en el currículo como una experiencia de aprendizaje que se incluye dentro de las metodologías activas protagonistas de la innovación educativa. Este artículo aborda el desafío que ha supuesto la incorporación de estas experiencias de gamificación en el Máster de Formación del Profesorado en ESO y Bachillerato, implicando al alumnado en los procesos de aprendizaje y experimentando la vivencia que supone aprender contenidos y desarrollar competencias a través del juego.
Retos de la COVID-19 en Educación Infantil
Authors: Fidalgo Montero Marta
Published: September 2021

La pandemia y la llegada de los confinamientos nos ha afectado a cada uno de una manera muy distinta, pero para los alumnos de Infantil ha sido un reto poder continuar con su educación. Los profesores, todo el personal de los colegios y las familias han tenido que ir superando retos, pero al final han conseguido reinventar la educación y crear un espacio donde cada uno de los alumnos se desarrolle al máximo posible.
Tak-Tak-Tak, una lectura desde la propuesta de innovación de Fe y Alegría Colombia
Authors: Bravo Hernández Amanda J. , Vega González Claudia Marcela
Published: September 2021

Desde el enfoque de ampliación de capacidades y competencia que suscribe Fe y Alegría Colombia, se está realizando una propuesta educativa innovadora para el aprendizaje y la trasformación social. Con el fin de dar respuesta a las necesidades educativas de estos tiempos, que reclaman la integración de software educativo y otras herramientas de corte digital y tecnológico, se ha incluido la iniciativa de la Federación Internacional institucional de Tak-Tak-Tak en esta propuesta para contribuir al fortalecimiento de los aprendizajes del estudiantado.
The crystal structure of (E)-2-((tert-butylimino)methyl)-4-chlorophenol, C11H14ClNO
Authors: Yuan Lin , Li Yuan-Da , Fan Xu , Li Zhong-Yan
Published: September 2021

C11H14ClNO, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.072(3) Å, b = 5.882(2) Å, c = 21.258(7) Å, β = 100.351°, V = 1115.9(7) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0391, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1167, T = 296(2) K.
Shannon entropy for Feinberg–Horodecki equation and thermal properties of improved Wei potential model
Authors: Onate Clement Atachegbe , Onyeaju Michael Chukwudi , Okon Ituen Bassey
Published: September 2021

We solved a one-dimensional time-dependent Feinberg–Horodecki equation for an improved Wei molecular energy potential function using the parametric Nikiforov–Uvarov method. The quantized momentum and the corresponding wave functions were obtained. With the help of the wave functions obtained, we calculated Shannon entropy for both the position space and momentum space. The results were used to study four molecules. The results of Shannon entropy were found to be in excellent agreement with those found in the literature. For more usefulness of these studies, the quantized momentum obtained was transformed into an energy equation with certain transformations. The energy equation was then used to calculate some thermodynamic properties such as vibrational mean energy, vibrational specific heat, vibrational mean free energy, and vibrational entropy via computation of the partition function. The thermodynamic properties studied for CO, NO, CH, and ScH showed that for a certain range of the temperature studied, the molecules exhibited similar features except for the vibrational entropy.
Separation of thorium(IV) from aquatic media using magnetic ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Alharthi Sarah
Published: September 2021

The separation and recovery of thorium from monazite is critical to the sustainable development of the nuclear industry as well as to environmental safety. Also, the removal of radionuclides from polluted sources is a critical issue in environmental control. Magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (MCMF-NP, Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4) were synthesized (4–22 nm in size) and characterized. MCMF-NP was investigated for Th(IV) separation from their aqueous medium under various test conditions of acidity, time, and Th(IV) concentration, in line with the uptake capacity. The amount of thorium adsorbed is improved when pH, time, and initial concentration are increased. The maximum uptake of Th(IV) by MCMF-NP was observed at pH 3.5–4 and a contact time of 180 min. A favorable adsorption mechanism was shown in the pseudo-second-order rate. Isotherm analysis shows an adequate process described by the Langmuir isotherm. MCMF-NP is an adsorbent capable of successful disposal of Th(IV) from waste solutions with a high uptake of 81.3 mg of Th(IV)/g of MCMF-NP. The possibility of re-using the MCMF-NP, adding value to this content as a way of compensating for the disposal costs, was studied and disused. MCMF-NP shows a good separation of thorium(IV) from monazite leach liquor as well as from wastewater samples.
Sexually Dimorphic Neurosteroid Synthesis Regulates Neuronal Activity in the Murine Brain
Authors: Wartenberg Philipp , Farkas Imre , Csillag Veronika , Colledge William H. , Hrabovszky Erik , Boehm Ulrich
Published: September 2021

Sex steroid hormones act on hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons to regulate reproductive neural circuits in the brain. Kisspeptin neurons start to express estrogen receptorsin utero, suggesting steroid hormone action on these cells early during development. Whether neurosteroids are locally produced in the embryonic brain and impinge onto kisspeptin/reproductive neural circuitry is not known. To address this question, we analyzed aromatase expression, a key enzyme in estrogen synthesis, in male and female mouse embryos. We identified an aromatase neuronal network comprising ∼6000 neurons in the hypothalamus and amygdala. By birth, this network has become sexually dimorphic in a cluster of aromatase neurons in the arcuate nucleus adjacent to kisspeptin neurons. We demonstrate that male arcuate aromatase neurons convert testosterone to estrogen to regulate kisspeptin neuron activity. We provide spatiotemporal information on aromatase neuronal network development and highlight a novel mechanism whereby aromatase neurons regulate the activity of distinct neuronal populations expressing estrogen receptors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSex steroid hormones, such as estradiol, are important regulators of neural circuits controlling reproductive physiology in the brain. Embryonic kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus express steroid hormone receptors, suggesting hormone action on these cellsin utero. Whether neurosteroids are locally produced in the brain and impinge onto reproductive neural circuitry is insufficiently understood. To address this question, we analyzed aromatase expression, a key enzyme in estradiol synthesis, in mouse embryos and identified a network comprising ∼6000 neurons in the brain. By birth, this network has become sexually dimorphic in a cluster of aromatase neurons in the arcuate nucleus adjacent to kisspeptin neurons. We demonstrate that male aromatase neurons convert testosterone to estradiol to regulate kisspeptin neuron activity.
Uluslararası ticaret ve uluslararası turizm arasındaki ilişki: Türkiye örneği (1970-2019)
Authors: Şahin Suna
Published: September 2021

Uluslararası turizm, küresel gelişme ve entegrasyon sürecinin bir parçası olarak, ekonominin büyümesine, ülkenin dünya pazarlarında rekabet gücünün artmasına ve nüfusun refahının artmasına bağlı olan etkili faktörlerden biri haline gelmiştir.  Turizmin uluslararası, çok boyutlu bir olgu olması, dünya ülkelerinin sınırlarını açmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma turizmin ticaret üzerine yansımalarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda Türkiye için 1970-2019 dönemine ait olarak elde edilen değişkenlere yönelik, birim kök, nedensellik ve eşbütünleşme analizleri yapılmıştır. Reel GSYİH, toplam ticaret (ihracat ve ithalat verileri), turizm verileri (turizm gelirleri ve gelen turist sayıları) kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre Türkiye’de belirlenen dönemlerde uluslararası turizm, uluslararası ticaretin Granger nedenidir. Çalışma kapsamında bulunan sonuçların uzun dönemli olarak geçerliliği Engle-Granger Eşbütünleşme analizi yardımı ile sınanmış ve elde edilen ilşkinin uzun dönemde de geçerli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
La enseñanza religiosa en territorio brasileño: ejercicios decoloniales
Authors: Riske-Koch Simone , Blanck de Oliveira Lilian
Published: September 2021

El contexto del territorio brasileño está marcado por colonialidades, debido a los procesos de colonización. Estos han impuesto, sobre la educación formal, prácticas que reproducen una visión mundial hegemónica de los grupos colonizadores. La enseñanza religiosa, a lo largo de la historia de la educación, ha admitido los planos teórico-metodológicos: confesional, interconfesional y no confesional. El estudio señala las posibilidades de decolonialidades en la enseñanza religiosa en el territorio brasileño y reconoce las diversidades epistémicas y metodológicas que, a la vez, interrogan e influyen la enseñanza de la diversidad religiosa, para esta y con esta en el territorio brasileño.
Food for Thought: Connecting Zooplankton Science to Management in the San Francisco Estuary
Authors:   California Department of Water Resource, Hartman Rosemary , Bashevkin Samuel ,   Delta Stewardship Council, Barros Arthur ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Burdi Christina ,   California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Patel Cheryl ,   Delta Stewardship Council, Sommer Ted ,   California Department of Water Resources
Published: September 2021

[Abstracts are not associated with Essays. - the SFEWS Editors]
Breeding Waterbird Populations Have Declined in South San Francisco Bay: An Assessment Over Two Decades
Authors:   US Geological Survey, Hartman C. Alex , Ackerman Joshua ,   US Geological Survey, Schacter Carley ,   US Geological Survey, Herzog Mark ,   US Geological Survey, Tarjan L. Max ,   San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Wang Yiwei ,   San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory, Strong Cheryl ,   US Fish and Wildlife Service, Tertes Rachel ,   US Fish and Wildlife Service, Warnock Nils ,   Point Blue Conservation Science
Published: September 2021

Availability of wetlands with low salinities during the breeding season can influence waterfowl reproductive success and population recruitment. Salinities as low as 2 ppt (3.6 mScm–1) can impair duckling growth and influence behavior, with mortality occurring above 9 ppt (14.8 mScm–1). We used satellite imagery to quantify the amount of available water, and sampled surface water salinity at Grizzly Island, in the brackish Suisun Marsh, at three time-periods during waterfowl breeding (April, May, July) over 4 years (2016–2019). More water was available and salinity was lower during wetter years (2017, 2019) than during drier years (2016, 2018), and the amount of water in wetlands decreased 73%–86% from April to July. Across all time-periods and years, the majority (64%–100%) of wetland habitat area had salinities above what has been shown to negatively affect ducklings (> 2 ppt), and up to 42% of wetland area had salinities associated with duckling mortality (> 9 ppt). During peak duckling production in May, 81%–95% of available water had salinity above 2 ppt, and 5%–21% was above 9 ppt. In May of the driest year (2016), only 0.5 km2 of low-salinity water (< 2 ppt) was available to ducklings in the study area, compared to 2.6 km2 in May of the wettest year (2017). Private duck clubs own the majority of wetland habitat at Grizzly Island and consistently had a greater percentage of land flooded during summer than did publicly owned wetlands, but private wetlands generally had higher salinities than public wetlands, likely because they draw from higher-salinity water sources. By July, few wetlands remained flooded, and most had salinities high enough to impair duckling growth and survival. Local waterfowl populations would benefit from management practices that provide fresher water during peak duckling production in May and retain more water through July.
Shear viscosity dependence on concentration of (polyethylene oxide - xanthan) pseudo plasticity polymer collide
Authors: K. A. Obaid , S. R. Rassol , A. J. Hussain , A. O. Musa
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Its necessary to bear in mind that we life in theword increase industrialization, therefore we make many modifications to material to getting on best characterizations. The aim ofthis research is to Prepare new Pseudo Plasticity Polymer Collide.Materials and Methods: In the present paper effects of xanthancellulose gum (X) on rheological properties of polyethylene oxidepolymer (PEO, 3000 Daltons) included different type of viscosityhas been investigated by using the following parameters: (Spindle:no.1, Speed: 60 rpm and Temperature: RT), different sort of viscosity is computed for a PEO that dissolved in distilled cold waterwith completely different various concentrations (0.1, 0.2 to 0.8)%g/mL once and before adding (0.25 and 0.5) g X for every concentration. Results and Discussion: The results show that all properties of density, shear viscosity, relative viscosity, specific viscosity,reduced viscosity, intrinsic viscosity, viscosity average mass and theeffective molecular radius have been enhanced after the addition ofxanthan. Conclusions: Addition of xanthan are often applied asthicker mixture in coating, oil drilling and pumping of fluids attributable related pseudo physical property
The relationship between the form quality of urban housing and the subjective dimensions of place identity (Case study: Zahedan independent housing)
Authors: Moradgholi Mehdi , Bagher Hosseini Seyed
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Lack of identity and a sense of attachment to housing are some of the hidden problems that enhance long-term feelings of hopelessness in the inhabitants of these environments. The mental-emotional relationship with the environment leads to the increase of the environment life quality. The purpose of this study is to be aware of mental quality of housing in the inhabitants of Zahedan independent housing and to identify the qualitative factors influencing the residents' identity in their residential environment. Materials and Method: The purpose of this study was applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by face validity and its reliability coefficient was 0.78 using Cronbach's alpha test. The statistical population of the study consisted of residents of some areas in Zahedan city and the sample size was 240 that were distributed and completed. Findings and Results: The hypotheses test showed that the variables such as attachment to place, satisfaction, sense of belonging, explain the semantic dimension of place identity and have a significant and positive relationship with the form quality of housing is affected by the cognitive dimensions of residents. The results showed that the mean of individuals' identity to their living space was 1 <3.17> 5 which was higher than average. The results indicate that the significance level of the test for all variables except memory is less than 5% error level. It can be said that the degree of identity of sense of attachment to place and satisfaction varies in different regions, but the degree of memory in different regions is not different. The LSD post hoc test was also applied to investigate whether identity, sense of belonging, attachment to place, and satisfaction were different in the two regions. Finally, the results showed that there was a significant difference in identity in some regions.
Extracting hospital hotel standards and criteria with a specialized hospital design approach
Authors: Shirvani Mohammad , Heydarian Khatereh
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Hospital design is based on the theoretical foundations of architecture and careful planning based on activities, equipment, standards and specific relationships between spaces. Applying the right standards and relationships between functions has a direct impact on the proper context of treatment. According to what has been said, the purpose of this study is to extract the standards and criteria of the hospital hotel with a specialized hospital design approach. Materials and Methods: The present study is a quantitative-qualitative method and based on this, first the qualitative evaluation of hospital environments in Kermanshah and then in the next stage, the obtained and presented standards have been proved. In order to evaluate the quality and evaluate the compatibility of the use of the standard environment, a semi-structured individual interview with hospital design specialists and researchers in this field and qualitative analysis of texts were used. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by coding method and in the next step, using the confirmatory factor analysis and laser software, the presented indicators were proved. Results and Results: In establishing hoteling standards in a specialized hospital, in addition to designing the initial physical spaces appropriate to the type of disease, three main questions were: Reasons for using the hospital hotel standard, the fit of the standards with the patient's needs and what these standards are. From the present study, we can point to the required standards in the field of hospital hotels with the approach of a specialized hospital with four basic indicators such as building and equipment, welfare services, human factors and functional factors. These are among the basic and emphasized standards that have been neglected.
Patrimonio paleontológico y colección de fósiles de la Universidad de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Jerez Jaimes Javier Hernando , Narváez Parra Eliana Ximena
Published: September 2021

En Colombia el registro fósil hace parte del Patrimonio Paleontológico de la nación, permite explicar el origen, la diversidad y distribución de diferentes formas de vida. El Servicio Geológico Colombiano se encarga de conservar y custodiar el Patrimonio Geológico y Paleontológico de la nación y es quien realiza el Inventario Nacional Geológico y Paleontológico. Con el presente trabajo se pretende realizar una breve descripción de las normatividades y procesos que rigen la colecta y mantenimiento de estos especímenes, así como dar a conocer los primeros registros fósiles con los que cuenta la Universidad de Santander que forman parte de la colección geológica de esta institución. La Universidad de Santander realiza su aporte a este patrimonio con el registro de 25 especímenes fósiles colectados en salidas de campo de los cursos de Biología y Paleontología del programa de Geología en las formaciones Rosablanca y Tibú-Mercedes de los municipios de Zapatoca y San Andrés (Santander) del periodo Cretácico inferior y de la Formación Los Pinos en el municipio de Samacá (Boyacá) del periodo Cretácico superior.
Fungal contamination of dried vine fruits and ochratoxin a detection in grape juice from Duhok, Iraq
Authors: M. Saadullah Asia A. , Bdullah Samir K. A
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Dried vine fruits (raisins) and their juice are widely consumed by human as a diet. Raisins have been shown highly contaminated with ochratoxin A (OTA) and OTA-producing fungi. Ochratoxin A is a potent nephrotoxic and carcinogen to human and animals. Materials and Methods: Dried vine fruit samples was obtained from local shops for fruit juice and soft drinks in Duhok province. Two different media, Dichloran R ose Ben gal Chloromphenicol Agar (DRBC) and Dichloran 18 % Glycerol Agar (DG-18) was used for the counting and isolation of fungi from dried vine fruits. Grape juice were prepared from dried vine fruit after blending with water in a commercial blender. Natural contamination with ochratoxin A was detected by LC-MS/MS technique. Results and Discussion: All samples confirmed to be contaminated with fungi with various degrees. A total of 19 filamentous genera of fungi as well to Yeasts and non sporulation mycelium was detected. Predominant genera detected on both media were Aspergillus and Penicillium. Detected value of ochratoxn A in juices obtained from dried vine fruits was between 0.37 ng/ml to 1.85 ng/ml. Samples contaminated with ochratoxin A were associated withAspergillus carbonarius, A. niger aggregate, A. sclerotium, A. ochraceus, and Penicillum verrucosum. Conclusion: Dried vines fruit were highly contaminated with a broad spectrum of filamentous fungi. Black aspergilli were the most detected species from samples naturally contaminated with ochratoxin A
Synthesis, identification and thermal study of some new inorganic polymers based on bis-dithiocarbamate ligands with silicone, tellurium and some transition metals
Authors: Nasir H M , Saki T.A , Al-Luaibi M Y
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In recent years, there has been considerable interest in dithiocarbamate complexes because of its diverse biological roles, very few reports have been made on polymeric bis- dithiocarbamate compounds with carbon chain of n-propyl or hexamethelene with transition metals in addition of the absence of any report of organosilicone or tellurium halides with such compounds Our interest in this report based on the preparation of new series of polymers with an expected activity as a fungi side compounds followed by the using of prepared amino compound as a hardners for epoxy paints Materials and Methods: A new polymers of the general structures –(MS2CNH(CH2)6NHCS2M-)n where [M= Cu, Cd, Mn and Zn] and –(M(R)2S2CNH(CH2)nNHCS2MR2-)m where [M= Si,R=CH 3 , n= 2 ,3 and 6 ; M=Te , R= Br , n= 2 ,3 and 6 ; M=Co, Ni R=Cl ; n= 6] have been prepared by reaction of MX2 where M= Ni ,Co, Cd , Mnor Zn , X= Cl ; M=Cu , X= SO4 , and dimethyl dichloro silane, tellurium tetrabromide with the corresponding sodium salts of bis-dithiocarbamateligands. Results and Discussion: Dimethyldichloro silane is a very sensitive material to O-H group, in addition to that, TeBr4 decomposed rapidlyin water so, a series solvents may be useful with such sensitive chemicals to water , in the other hand, dithiocarbamate ligands which is usually prepared in aqueous and alcoholic solution , must be prepared and isolated carefully to apply the other steps of synthesis using a chloroform solution as a solvent. It seems for the first view for dithiocarbamato ligands it may act as a bi dentate ligands using two sulphur donating atoms that is clearly appeared in common complexes such as diethyl dithiocarbamato or pipyridyl, morpholino dithiocarbamato with representation metal elements, even in such type of elements a sulfur bridges may formed. In this study, it showed clearly that Zinc and Cadimium polymers are diamagnetic polymers that is mean that these polymers are with oxidation state equal to (II) and a tetrahedral configuration Conclusions: The study showed that the new silicone polymers act as a stable polymers compared with others. All new polymers are of a high stability with large values of char contain with commercial epoxy. Among silicone polymers, the polymerwith carbon chain equal to 3 is more stable than that with 2 carbon atoms while the silicone polymer with 6 carbon atoms is the less stable one, may thermal treatment caused decomposition combined.
Roasting optimization and kinetics of raw and instant controlled pressure drop pre-treated coffee beans
Authors: I Kamal , K Allaf
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world. The desired aroma and flavour of coffee are developed duringroasting which is the most important step in coffee processing. Instant Controlled Pressure Drop Process (DIC) technology is controlled hightemperature and short time process which been used successfully to improving the kinetics of drying, extraction, and decontamination of fresh and dried natural products. The main advantages of DIC are that it is a master controlled temperature and time process, the dwell times are short, reducing the chemical degradation, so new products with superior quality attributes may be developed. Materials and Methods: Two coffee beans varieties were investigated by Brazilian and Ethiopian sources. The raw beans were pre-treated using the DIC process under adopted conditions prior to roasting. A two-factor central composite design was used to optimize the settings of roasting time and roasting temperature on response variables of bulk, true and normalized density, and roasting degree. Also, microscopic analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and kinetics of the roasting processes are included. Results and Discussion: The obtained results confirmed that the roasted DIC treated beans for both varieties have lower densities, higher roasting degree and lower activation energy needed for roasting compared to the raw beans. The physical properties’ magnitude is highly relevant to coffee origin. Roasting time and the temperature seemed to be of significant regarding all the physical characteristics of the beans, however, time was of topmost significance. Besides, treating coffee been by DIC prior to roasting leads to texture modification and conservation of time and energy needed for roasting. Conclusions: The physical properties of the roasted coffee beans are highly affected and changed with the coffee origin, roasting conditions and pre-treatment of coffee beans prior to roasting using the DIC process. The incorporation of the DIC process prior to roasting seemed to achieve more conservation of time and energy needed for roasting compared to the raw untreated beans. The higher degree of roasting and the competitive roasting activation energy of Brazilian coffee beans give aconclusion that more economic roasting process could be achieved with the Brazilian coffee. The pre-treatment by DIC enhances the remarkable reduction in coffee beans density and increasing in the roasting degrees that are in line with the industrial needs of coffee beverages. Response Surface Methodology is an efficient tool for optimization and mathematical modeling of the coffee roasting process.
Influential Factors and Determination of strength of in-situ concrete, using twist-off method.
Authors: Najarbashi Pooria , Naderi Mahmoud
Published: September 2021

Concrete strength represents by far the most critical property of concrete. It represents the mechanical properties of concrete. On-site evaluation of concrete strength remains the fundamental challenge in the condition assessment of existing infrastructure. Although standard laboratory methods can be typically used but most of these testing methods are costly and time-consuming. Among the in-situ methods, the “twist-off ” method with very slight damage is genuinely a convenient, fast and also low-cost technique that provides accurate results for engineers. In this study, the twist-offmethod has been used for the assessment of in-situ strength of the 30 concrete structures in Qazvin in Iran. The results showed structures studied had a strength of 45 to 600 kg/cm2 and the average is about 200 kg/cm2. The observed variation is very high, as well as a significant difference between the compressive strength of the columns, and the floors of the buildings that all indicate non-standard concrete mixing and inadequate control over construction. However, according to the past experience and results of the samples, some recommendations in this regard have been suggested.
Smart parking management using the internet of things
Authors: Ghahremani Hadi , Taghipour Eivazi Shiva , Aghaei Anvigh Amir
Published: September 2021

The main requirement of smart cities is intelligent and effective parking system, which currently most parking systems exist basedon various technologies such as Internet of Things, so intelligent parking management is gradually becoming a necessity. Hence inthis article a new manner is introduced in the form of prioritization, which alters the type of prioritization than the previous methods, sothat the different parameters such as the distance between parking lots, distance between vehicle and a parking lot, number of freeparking spaces in the destination parking lot, number of unsuccessful parks, and the number of parking lot visits are considered, and ingeneral a system is recommended that helps drivers to find a parking lot with the minimum cost based on the aforesaid parameters. Thesimulation of proposed approach performed in Arena application and the results of the simulation and its comparison with theprevious works suggest that the proposed method results in the better decrease of the waiting time than the existing waiting timein the previous works and contributes to minimize drivers waiting time.
Customer Churn Prediction in Telecommunication Industry Using Data Mining Methods
Authors: Meghyasi Homa , Rad Abas
Published: September 2021

At present, in competitive space between companies and organizations, customers churn is their most important challenge. When a customer becomes churn, organizations lose one of their most important assets, which can lead to financial losses and even bankruptcy.  Customer churn prediction using data mining techniques can alleviate these problems to some extent.  The aim of the present study is to provide a hybrid method based on Genetic Algorithm and Modular Neural Network to customer churn prediction in telecommunication industries and use Irancell data as a sample. The accuracy result of this study which is 95.5% get the highest accuracy rank in comparisons with the result of other methods, which shows using modular neural network with two modules of feedforward neural network and also using genetic algorithm to obtain optimal structure for modules of the neural network are the most important indicators of this method to each the highest accuracy result among the rest of methods.
An investigation on the Lasota-Wazewska model with a piecewise constant argument
Authors: SEYHAN ÖZTEPE Gizem
Published: September 2021

This paper is devoted to investigating the asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point of the Lasota-Wazewska model with a piecewise constant argument and it is proved that this point is an attractor. It is also shown that every oscillatory solution of the corresponding difference equation has semi-cycles of length at least two.