bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecindeki Okul Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışma Programlarının Öğrenci ve Öğretmen Görüşlerine Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: KAPLAN Emre , ŞENTÜRK Şener
Published: December 2022

Bireylerin, öğrenme ihtiyaçlarının sürdürülebilir kılınabilmesiyle yaşam boyu öğrenme anlayışı doğrultusunda sürekli gelişim isteği uzaktan eğitimin öneminin artmasını sağlamıştır. Amacı eğitim faaliyetlerinin sınırlılıklarını zamansal ve mekânsal anlamda en aza indirgeyerek bireyi merkeze alan bir anlayışla anlamlı öğrenmelere katkı sağlamak olan uzaktan eğitim, Çin’de başlayarak dünyayı saran Covid-19 pandemisi döneminde hayatımıza yerleşerek eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerinin sürdürülmesinde önemli rol oynamıştır. Bu dönemde birçok alanda yaşanılan değişimler eğitim-öğretime de yansımış, eğitim-öğretimin sistematikliğini oluşturan programlar güncellenerek uzaktan eğitimdeki yerini almış, güncellenen programlardan bir tanesini de okul rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma programları oluşturmuştur. Bu programlar bireylerin; yeteneklerinin, ilgilerinin, tutumlarının, güçlü, zayıf yönlerinin farkına varmasını sağlayarak bütünsel gelişimlerini desteklemekte psikolojik anlamdaki ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Buradan hareketle araştırma, 2020-2021 eğitim-öğretim faaliyetleri boyunca uygulanan okul rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma programlarının; bireylerin bütünsel gelişimlerine katkı sağlamada, var olan ihtiyaçlarını gidermede yer verdiği hedefleri, bu hedefleri uygulamada kullanılan çalışmaları ve çalışmaların bireylere sağladığı faydaları incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Nitel araştırmalardan yararlanılan bu çalışmada; Trabzon, Samsun ve Erzurum illerinin ortaokul kademesinde görev yapan 20 okul psikolojik danışmanıyla aynı kademedeki 43 öğrenci yer almıştır. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formuyla elde edilmiş, analizinde ise içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular; pandemi döneminin ortaya çıkardığı olumsuz koşullara rağmen öğretmen ve öğrencilerin programlarda yer verdikleri hedeflere ulaşmada özenli davrandığı, hedeflere ulaşılırken seminer, etkinlik çalışmaları (broşür, bilgi metinleri, dijital bülten, söyleşi…), rehberlik hizmetleri, çeşitli yöntem ve tekniklerin kullanıldığı; bunların bireylere bilgi, beceri ve farkındalık yaratarak olumlu ve anlamlı sonuçlar oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir.
Özel Gereksinimli Okul Öncesi Öğrenci Velilerinin Özel Eğitime İlişkin Görüşleri: Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma / Views of Parents of Preschool Students with Special Needs on Special Education: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Kozal Özlem , Çırak Murat , Bayçelebi Yahya , Alay Esra
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırmada özel gereksinimli okul öncesi öğrenci velilerinin özel eğitim sürecine ilişkin görüşlerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desen ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Samsun ilinin üç farklı ilçesinde bulunan bağımsız ana okullarda eğitim gören 40 okul öncesi özel gereksinimli öğrenci velisi oluşturmaktadır. Velilerin görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmak için araştırmacılar tarafından 12 maddeden oluşan bir soru formu hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda okul öncesi özel gereksinimli öğrenci velilerinin özel eğitim sürecine ilişkin görüşleri altı tema altında toplanmıştır. Velilerin görüşlerini yansıtan bu temalar; Gelişim, Farkındalık, Sınıf Mevcudu, Okul Yönetimi ve Rehberlik Servisi ile İşbirliği, Sınıf Araç Gereçleri ve Öğretmenle İletişim olarak sıralanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularında yer alan temalar ve ilgili alıntılamalar birlikte değerlendirilip tartışılmıştır. Genel olarak velilerin özel eğitim sürecine dair hem olumlu hem de olumsuz çeşitli görüşlerinin bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla beraber velilerin büyük çoğunluğu özel eğitim sürecinin özel gereksinimli çocukların gelişimine büyük katkı sağladığını düşünmektedir.
Normal Gelişim Gösteren ve Üstün Yetenekli Öğrencilerin “Öteki” Algısının İncelenmesi / Examination of the “Others” Perception of Students with Normal Development and Gifted
Authors: Kaşkaya Alper , Çapar Tuğba
Published: December 2022

Toplumsal yaşamın başlangıcı varsayılan okullarda öğrenciler; farklı kültür, aile, yaş, cinsiyet vb. farklılıklarıyla birlikte eğitimlerine devam etmektedir. Çocukların benlik algılarının geliştiği ve kimlik kazanmaya başladıkları ilkokul dönemlerinde ise başkalarına karşı geliştirdikleri tutum ve davranışlar önemli görülmektedir. Bu düşünceden hareketle öğrencilerin çevresindeki kişilere karşı algılarını belirlemek var olan iletişimi kuvvetlendirmenin yanı sıra eğitim ortamlarındaki kalitenin artmasına ayrıca benlik algılarının olumlu olmasına katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu sebeple araştırmanın amacı, normal gelişim gösteren ve üstün yetenekli öğrencilerin öteki algısını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu, amaçlı örneklem yöntemlerinden ölçüt örneklem yoluyla seçilen 92 kişilik ilkokul 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada çalışma grubu iki gruptan oluşmaktadır. İlk çalışma grubunun ölçütü, göç alan bölgelerde eğitim gören ve normal gelişim gösteren ilkokul öğrencilerden (3. veya 4. sınıfa devam ediyor) olmasıdır. Diğer grubun ölçütü ise BİLSEM’de eğitim almaya hak kazanmış ilkokul 3. ve 4. sınıfa devam eden öğrencilerden oluşmasıdır. Çalışma grubunun 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin tercih edilme nedeni bilişsel gelişim dönemi itibariyle araştırmada sorulan “öteki” ve “yabancı” vb. soyut kavramları anlayabilecek ya da tanımlayabilecek yaşta olmaları varsayımıdır. Çalışma grubundaki öğrenciler Hatay ilinde bulunan Hassa ve Reyhanlı ilçelerindeki ilkokullarda ve Kahramanmaraş’ta BİLSEM’de eğitim görmeye hak kazanan öğrencilerden seçilmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları hazırlanmış ve öğrencilerle görüşme yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin tamamına görüşme soruları sorularak alınan cevaplar araştırmacı tarafından kayıt altına alınmış ve veriler toplanarak düzenlenmiştir. Toplanan veriler, içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonucunda üstün yetenekli öğrenciler ile normal gelişim gösteren akranlarını “öteki” algıları arasında farklılıklar gözlenmiştir.
II. Meşrutiyet Döneminde Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretimi: Buluş Yoluyla Öğretime Bir Örnek
Authors: TOPKAYA Yavuz , TOYOĞLU Özay , ÇALIŞKAN Melih , YURTBEKLER Sabri Burak , ERTAŞ Süleyman Sefa
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti’nin çalkantılı bir şekilde geçen son dönemlerinde yaşanmış olan ve kendisi için de çok önem arz eden II. Meşrutiyet ve bu dönem içerisinde yaşanan gelişmeler incelenmiştir. Özellikle eğitim sahasında yapılan birçok yeni faaliyetle birlikte ders içi uygulamalarının modern bir bakış açısıyla ele alınması yönünde o dönem içerisinde güncel tartışmalar ortaya konulmuş ve fikirleriyle o döneme yön veren eğitimcilerin düşünceleri ele alınmıştır. Özellikle o dönem içerisinde eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerine yön veren ve ders işleme stratejisi olarak da bilinen buluş yolu stratejisine değinilmiştir. Örnek olması açısından da II. Meşrutiyet döneminde oluşturulmuş uygulama sınıflarında buluş yolu stratejisine yönelik örnek sayılabilecek bir ders planına yer verilmiştir. Yapılan araştırma, doküman incelemesi tekniği göz önünde bulundurularak yürütülmüştür. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda kendi dönemi içerisindeki diğer uygulamalara bakıldığında bu kullanılan stratejinin öğrencilerin otantik düşünme becerilerini harekete geçirmede çok faydalı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Evli Bireylerde Bilişsel Esneklik Ve Evlilik Öz Yetkinliği Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi / Investigation Of the Relationship Between Cognitive Flexibility and Marital Self-Efficacy in Married Individuals
Authors: Çelik Metin , Buğa Ahmet
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı evli bireylerde bilişsel esneklik ve evlilik öz yetkinliği arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın verileri, Gaziantep ilinde ikamet eden çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılan 536 kadın, 237 evli erkek bireyden elde edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında, “Evlilikte Yetkinlik Ölçeği”, Bilişsel Esneklik Envanteri” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi sürecinde betimsel istatistiklerle birlikte ttesti, ANOVA, Basit Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi yöntemi, Pearson Korelâsyon analizi, grup içi farklılaşmanın belirlenmesi için Scheffe Testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, evli bireylerde bilişsel esneklik ve evlilik öz yetkinliği arasında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişki bulunmuştur. Bazı demografik değişkenler açısından katılımcıların ölçeklerden aldıkları puanlara göre analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerden elde edilen bulgular şöyledir: Cinsiyete göre, evli kadınların öz yetkinlik düzeyi, evli erkeklerin öz yetkinlik düzeyinden yüksektir. Yaşa göre, evli bireylerin öz yetkinlik puan ortalamaları anlamlı olarak farklılaşmaktadır. Buna göre evli bireylerde yaş ilerledikçe evlilikte yetkinlik düşmektedir. Evlenme yaşına göre, evli bireylerin öz yetkinlik puan ortalamaları anlamlı olarak farklılaşmaktadır. Çocuk sayısına göre, dörtten fazla çocuğu olan evli bireylerin 1 çocuğu olan bireylere göre öz yetkinliği daha yüksektir. Ayrıca
araştırmanın sonucunda, evli bireylerde bilişsel esnekliğin, evlilikte öz yetkinliği pozitif yönde yordadığı bulunmuştur.
Analisis Bisnis Internal Menggunakan Metode Critical Success Factors
Authors: Rinaldy Rio
Published: December 2022

Sebuah keputusan yang diambil oleh seorang pemimpin sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan dari suatu organisasi untuk mencapai tujuannya, sehingga perlu suatu metode yang tepat untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor objektif yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan ataupun kegagalan dalam pencapaian tujuan tersebut. Metode Critical Success Factors (CSF) dan analisis CSF digunakan oleh PT Farmasi X untuk mengintepretasikan objek-objek secara lebih jelas untuk menentukan aktivitas yang harus dilakukan dan informasi apa saja yang dibutuhkan. CSF sendiri dapat ditentukan jika objektif atau arah dan tujuan organisasi tersebut telah diidentifikasi. Tujuan PT. Farmasi X adalah masuk ke dalam 60 besar perusahaan farmasi versi IMS-ITMA. Selain CSF, analisis Value Chain juga digunakan sejalan dengan analisis CSF sehingga berguna dalam mengidentifikasi proses yang paling kritis, serta memberikan fokus pada pencapaian tujuan melalui aksi-aksi atau proses yang paling tepat untuk dilaksanakan. Aktifitas utama merupakan faktor yang paling penting dalam mewujudkan tujuan dari PT. Farmasi X, diantaranya adalah pemesanan material, forecasting penjualan, terima order dari distributor, proses produksi, pengiriman barang ke distributor, create demand, monitoring sales, evaluasi sales dan monitoring stok.
INTEREST RATE RESPONSES TO MONETARY POLICY COMMITTEE MEETINGS/COMMUNIQUE IN NIGERIA
Authors: Abdulganiyu Mutiu , Dambo Hussaini
Published: December 2022

In recent time the Central Banks cross the globe employ a range of avenues to communicate their monetary policy decisions and explain to financial markets and the general public the reason for their policy actions. This communication, in turn, gives signals to the financial markets regarding the future trajectories of governmental activities. This study therefore investigated the sensitivity of interest rate to MPC communication from 1st January, 2010 to 30th June, 2020 in Nigera. Series of test were carryout and EGARCH was chosen as the appropriate techniques in which dummy variable was used to capture the meeting days in the variance equation. Data of monetary policy were sourced from CBN website. The results of an EGARCH model show that the communications between Central Bank and the money market are considerably informative and therefore assist to reduce market interest rates' volatility. The study has so concluded that the communication from the Central Bank of Nigeria has an impact on the desired direction of interests. One policy implication of this conclusion is that it is clear enough about the desired policy orientation for the future that CBN communique substance of MPC meetings will guide the market in the proper way. This is consistent with the literature that if Central Bank opens the foundations for monetary policy implementation up to the markets, it raises the odds of controlling agents' expectations. Therefore the study recommends that the meeting should be sustained.
Large Association of GI Tract Microbial Community with Immune and Nervous Systems
Authors: Kazempour Alireza
Published: December 2022

The gut microbial community has amazing effects on our immune system and nervous system through three pathways: cell signaling, electron transfer, and biological cycles. However, this relationship is two-way and has its own risks or benefits. Except for the brain, there is no place in the body that does not have cytokines (but not all of them). Cytokines are one of the most important immune molecules that play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in our body and the connection between the central nervous system and our immune system. So it is clear that many beneficial microbes in the gut are stimulated when we are hungry or when our nervous system is under pressure from external stimuli. These microbes die or damage intestinal epithelial tissues and stimulate immune molecules such as interleukins or IFNs upstream.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Agriculture Surveillance
Authors: Mahachi Alphanos , Aloni Trymore , Mashevedze Lucious
Published: December 2022

The design of a fixed-wing Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for agriculture pest monitoring is the subject of this thesis. It is primarily concerned with the sugarcane pest problem in the KZN region. After seeing the impact of sugarcane on this region and South Africa as a whole, this design was created. The wing, fuselage, empennage, and tilt-rotor mechanism of the UAV are all designed to meet the mission requirements. The aerodynamics, performance, and stability of the UAV are next examined. The highest sustained turning performance was determined using the SEP chart. The UAV has a cargo capacity of 2 kg, a range of 96.7 m, a stall speed of 13.7 m/s, and a flight time of 1.48 hours. Because the UAV is a fixed-wing VTOL system, it can reach more geographically demanding regions and maneuver in windy conditions. The design was followed by the development of an IR thermography camera with 12 Megapixels and a 45 HFOV for the detection of pests. Following that, the tilt rotor mechanism was meticulously designed.
The Unified Models for Black Hole Accretions
Authors: Yang Xiaolong
Published: December 2022

Decades of observations and theoretical studies present intriguing results about black hole accretions: supermassive black holes (SMBHs), located in the centers of galaxies, are accreting similar to Galactic stellar-mass black hole systems (GBHs). This is the unified model of black hole accretion, which indicates active galactic nuclei (AGNs, the accreting SMBHs) are only the scaled-up version of galactic X-ray binaries (XRBs, the accreting GBHs). The analogy between AGNs and XRBs ensures us to determine AGN evolutions on cosmological timescales by simply studying the quick-playing Galactic systems, which is much easy in observation and modeling. X-ray emission is produced by the inner region of the accretion disk and corona, which is close to the black holes and provides the diagnostics of accretion strength. Meanwhile, radio emission is an indicator of the ejection process, which is another fundamental part of accreting black holes. Furthermore, accreting flows are also regulated by black hole masses and accretion rates/Eddington ratios. Therefore, the unified model of black hole accretion is the correlation between accretion and ejection process and black hole masses. In this chapter, we will review models concerning the unified model of black hole accretions and present recent updates in this area.
Visual Impairment and Its Associated Factors among People Living with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus at Dessie Town Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Abdu Seid Mohammed , Diress Mengistie , Akalu Yonas , Dagnew Mekonnon Baye
Published: December 2022

Visual impairment (VI) is a functional limitation of the eye(s) that results in reduced visual acuity, visual field loss, visual distortion, perceptual difficulties, or any combination of the above. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the common causes of VI. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of VI in diabetes individuals. Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out, and VI was measured using visual acuity test. We used Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS - 21for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. To find statistically linked factors of VI, we used both binary and multivariable logistic regression. The strength of association was estimated using AOR at 95% CI. Statistical significance was declared at p less than 0.05. The present study revealed 37.58% of people have VI, which is statistically linked to age, lack of regular exercise, diabetes for >5 years, insulin treatment, and poor glycemic control. Finally, individuals with T2DM who had VI accounted for more than a third of those treated in Dessie town hospitals. Advanced age, poor frequent exercise, longer duration of diabetes, and insulin are predictors. To lower the risk of VI and visual loss, early identification of VI through screening and regular follow-up is recommended.
Making Education More Brain-Friendly through Gamified Instruction
Authors: Rueckert Daniel , Griffin Robert
Published: December 2022

Just because you can does not mean you should. Although gamified instruction is being widely adopted, there needs to be compelling research that supports gamification as an effective educational modality. Without this support, gamification is just a novelty. This chapter explores research that provides evidence to support the appropriacy of gamified learning as a modality that more closely adheres to how the human brain functions. It explores suggestions from Mind, Brain, and Education Sciences and NeuroELT to set a standard for what is good education. Using these suggestions as a basis to evaluate gamified instruction, it looks at recent studies to determine if gamified instruction is a brain-friendlier mode of instruction than traditional models.
Array Antenna for Reconfigurations
Authors: Dwivedi Smrity
Published: December 2022

Reconfiguration array antenna is usually achieved in terms of pattern, frequency, and polarization by changing the relative amplitudes, phases of the excitation distribution, and material characteristics present in the array, at the cost of simple and complex feeding networks both. In this chapter, basically different types of array antennas are discussed with its design with reconfigurations. Also, for high generation communication system, a widely used graphene material is taken to get reconfiguration in antenna using array form. There are so many other techniques being used and discussed to get reconfiguration. To get reconfiguration at high frequency, i.e., terahertz frequency, graphene is the best material to use in antenna to solve many applications nowadays compared with only few materials, which is useful design. Here, few designs have been introduced to understand the reconfiguration in array antenna for broadband applications. The proposed chapter represents advancement on the development of multipurpose antennas having different applications in communication, broad banding, detection, etc., in recent research systems.
Our Clear-Cut Improvement to the Impact of Mouse and Rat Models in the Research Involving Female Reproduction
Authors: B. Elvis-Offiah Uloma , Isuman Success , O. Johnson Marvelous , G. Ikeh Vivian , Agbontaen Sandra
Published: December 2022

In most research involving female reproductive function, female animals particularly mice and rats are usually employed. This may perhaps be due to their well-defined reproductive cycle (estrous cycle) as well as the ability to breed and handle them easily. The short and precise length of estrus cycle usually 4–5 days make mice models the choicest mammal when it comes to human related research. Also, they possess very short reproductive age typically 7–8 months reaching sexual maturity at weeks 4–7 following their birth. Although many similarities exist between this model and humans, however, there also exist obvious distinctions between the human female reproductive system and that of mice. Humans have average length of their reproductive or menstrual cycle of about 28–29 days with their reproductive ages between 10–40 years. These relevant differences between mice and human reproductive system constitute the limitations to the use of this models. Therefore, the scope of this chapter will be to explore the basic knowledge of laboratory mice by examining their reproductive system anatomy and physiology, the fertilization process, estrous cycle and genetic make-up. We hope that this will provide many insights to the use of animal models in female reproductive research.
Retinal Disorders in Humans and Experimental ALS Models
Authors: Rojas Pilar , I. Ramírez Ana , de Hoz Rosa , Cadena Manuel , Salobrar-García Elena , López-Cuenca Inés , A. Fernández-Albarral José , Sanchez-Puebla Lidia , Antonio Matamoros José , J. Salazar Juan , M. Ramírez José
Published: December 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease that severely impairs the patient’s mobility, as it mainly affects the upper and lower motor neurons in the spinal cord. In addition, alterations have also been demonstrated in different parts of the central nervous system (CNS), such as the brain and brainstem. The retina is a projection to the brain and is considered as a “window” to the CNS. Moreover, it is possible to use the retina as a biomarker in several neurodegenerative diseases, even in the absence of major visual impairment. Classically, it was thought that the eyes were not affected in ALS, with respect to extraocular muscles, whereas the remainder of the muscles of the body were distressed. Nevertheless, retinal changes have recently been found in this pathology and could help in diagnosis, follow-up, and even monitoring therapies in this disease.
Vicissitudes of the Oedipal Organization, and Their Impact on the Anticlerical Polemic
Authors: Azzone Paolo
Published: December 2022

The position within the Oedipal phantasy has become a basic organizer in social conflicts of XXI century society. This development is particularly apparent in the current confrontation between the Catholic clergy and anticlerical activists. Consistently with Sigmund Freud’s conceptualization of the negative oedipal constellation, the two institutionalized groups share a basic unconscious feature: an incomplete cleavage of the pre-Oedipal relationship to the mother object. At puberty, a persistent regressive tie to the mother hinders the investment of age-appropriate female partners and maintains the adolescent within the mother’s embrace. Two options are available than in order to keep at bay father’s control and interpersonal power. The submission to Super-ego values and the repression of sexual drives warrants the father’s complacency and makes room for an ascetic life. On the other hand, a more eroticized identification with mother may bestow the adolescent a seductive interpersonal power over father’s representatives. Material from an analytic case allows the author to illuminate the severely traumatic primal scene experiences often underlying a passive Oedipal constellation. In this perspective, the current heated confrontation between the Church and anticlerical activists may be understood in terms of an unconscious fantasy where primal scene anxieties are reciprocally projected onto the political opponents.
Shepherd Leadership: A Review and Future Research Directions
Authors: I. Ayoub/Al-Salim Majda
Published: December 2022

This chapter is important because Shepherd leadership is not much taught in popular business or leadership textbooks. There is inadequate understanding and practice of compassionate care-Shepherd leadership quality-in sectors such as education and healthcare. Education is an important sector as it impacts students’ learning. Teachers with Shepherd leadership qualities motivate students to outperform, and be creative and work persistently to improve themselves, their communities and society. Healthcare is an important sector because providing healthcare has significant impact on personal and public health, development and economic growth to attain major employment. Additionally, research reveals that caring and compassionate leadership is lacking in organizations because it forms resilience, nurtures a team spirit, enhances engagement, and may reduce employee turnover. This chapter sheds light on the importance of compassionate and caring leaders in religious and educational organizations, healthcare, the army, and business organizations. This chapter will discuss mainly Shepherd leadership and aims to define it and will explore where it is mostly utilized and in what type of organizations has this leadership been applied and successful. This chapter also compares Shepherd leadership with Servant leadership, a closely related leadership, and other popular leadership styles in today’s organizations. Lastly, this chapter will touch on the challenges of Shepherd leadership.
Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES)
Authors: A. Kishk Nirmeen , B. Nassar Mai
Published: December 2022

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are a common presentation to the emergency rooms and neurology departments, and they are difficult to discriminate from epileptic seizures (ES). PNES present as paroxysmal time-limited, alterations in motor, sensory, autonomic, and/or cognitive signs and symptoms, but unlike epilepsy, PNES are not caused by ictal epileptiform activity. There is no exact known etiology or mechanism for PNES so far. The most recognized factors discussed in the literature include trauma and child adversity, dissociation, somatization, emotional processing, psychiatric comorbidities, coping styles, and family dysfunction. The use of a comprehensive assessment model may ease the transition of patient care from the diagnosing team to the outpatient treatment provider. Recognition of the characteristic clinical features of PNES and utilization of video-EEG to confirm the diagnosis are critical. Communicating the diagnosis, discontinuation of treatment for epilepsy (unless comorbid PNES and epilepsy are present), and implementing proper liaison with a multidisciplinary team with clinical psychologists, neurologists, and psychiatrists improve patient and healthcare outcome.
Ultrasound (US) Imaging Use in the Management of the Difficult Tracheal Intubation
Authors: Singh Ajay , Dhir Ankita , Lal Soni Shiv , Gupta Rekha , B. Naik Naveen , Garg Kashish , Ganesh Venkata , Kaloria Narender
Published: December 2022

The ultrasound has been in clinical use since the early 1900s, but its use in the airway has not been published extensively so far. Combining the skills of USG with thorough knowledge of regional anatomy can prove to be a boon to improving the quality of care being delivered to patients. Preoperative use of USG at different levels of the neck combined with the risk assessment methods can help to organize predictors of difficult airway and difficult laryngoscopy. Basic comprehension of USG physics, transducer selection, and probe orientation and a better understanding of airway anatomy contribute to the accuracy of ultrasound interpretation. In day-to-day practice, there is a potential for failed tracheal intubations followed by failure of gaining adequate access to the airway, thus posing challenges to anesthesiologists. Besides predicting difficult airway, USG provides an incentive to properly place an endotracheal tube (ETT) to an adequate depth, estimation of the size of ETT particularly helpful in children and obese, laryngeal mask airway (LMA) confirmation, surgical airways, and post-extubation stridor assessment and thus prevents the risk of reintubation. With the promising and increasing number of evidence exists, there is potential for incorporation of upper airway USG into further standard of care assessment, monitoring, and imaging modalities.
Approaches to Improve Water Productivity and Livelihood Resilience in the Karkheh River Basin: A Case Study from Iran
Authors: Heydari Nader
Published: December 2022

The CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) was conducted in the Karkheh River Basin (KRB) as one of the nine benchmark basins and a representative basin in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world in its phase one of implementation. The CPWF Program in the KRB began in 2003 and ended in 2008. Four focal projects, namely: 1) Water Productivity Improvement (WP), 2) Improvement of Livelihood Resilience of Local Communities in the Upper Catchments (LR), 3) Karkheh Basin Focal Project (BFP), and 4) a small grant project for Stakeholder Participation (SG) were implemented in the KRB. The international focal institutes in charge of these projects were ICARDA, IWMI, and the CENESTA Center (an NGO), respectively. These institutes implemented the mentioned projects in collaboration with the Iran country’s national institutes/centers (NARES). In this chapter, the approaches of CPWF in implementing the program in KRB are explained and discussed. Moreover, some major achievements and lessons learned from implementing the mentioned focal projects are provided. Based on the results, it can be stated that the roadmap for improving water productivity from the plant to the basin scales, by considering the policy and institutional issues, has been drawn in the CPWF program in KRB. Moreover, for better management of upstream watersheds in KRB, integrated watershed management principles have been well formulated and developed, taking into account the livelihood resilience improvement issues of local communities. In general, it can be stated that the development of multidisciplinary research of national research institutes and collaboration with related international institutes is necessary to improve water productivity and integrated management of catchments and to solve water crisis in the KRB and Iran as a whole. The lessons learned from implementing the CPWF program in KRB could be used as a suitable model to improve the quality of future similar studies in Iran and Central Asia.
Applications of Mixed Reality for Smart Aviation Industry: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Hieu Tran Trung , Jiang Yirui , Williams Leon
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, mixed reality has improved operational efficiency and enhanced passenger experience in the aviation industry. Integrated with advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques, mixed reality can easily deal with tons of aviation data to support decision-making processes in this industry. The chapter presents the state-of-the-art applications of mixed reality in smart aviation industry. Opportunities and challenges of integrating mixed reality with advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques into the aviation industry are introduced. This chapter focuses on how the integrated mixed reality can improve the quality and reliability of maintenance, operation, piloting, training, and product design in smart aerospace engineering. It also describes autonomous, self-service, and data visualization systems in smart airports to enhance passenger experience. Finally, this chapter discusses airline’s digital-based responses to the COVID-19 crisis.
Incorporating Model Uncertainty in Market Response Models with Multiple Endogenous Variables by Bayesian Model Averaging
Authors: Lee Jonathan , Lenkoski Alex
Published: December 2022

We develop a method to incorporate model uncertainty by model averaging in generalized linear models subject to multiple endogeneity and instrumentation. Our approach builds on a Gibbs sampler for the instrumental variable framework that incorporates model uncertainty in both outcome and instrumentation stages. Direct evaluation of model probabilities is intractable in this setting. However, we show that by nesting model moves inside the Gibbs sampler, a model comparison can be performed via conditional Bayes factors, leading to straightforward calculations. This new Gibbs sampler is slightly more involved than the original algorithm and exhibits no evidence of mixing difficulties. We further show how the same principle may be employed to evaluate the validity of instrumentation choices. We conclude with an empirical marketing study: estimating opening box office by three endogenous regressors (prerelease advertising, opening screens, and production budget).
Cognitive Impairments in Early Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ibrahim Raphiq
Published: December 2022

Over the past few decades clinical and research awareness has grown about the nature and prevalence of cognitive disorders in multiple sclerosis (MS). It is assumed that 65% of hospitalized MS patients develop cognitive impairments which have consistently demonstrated a pattern of decline in the following areas: attention working memory executive functions and verbal episodic memory. This chapter reviews the evidence for its associated comorbidities which may address early in the disease course that supports the importance for early recognition and management of cognitive impairment in MS before it becomes an irreversible entity. The focus is on three areas of inquiry: The first aims to provide a description of cognitive impairment in MS at all disease stages and in all subtypes. The second tried to evaluate the clinical imaging and neuroanatomical aspects. And the third focuses on cognitive assessment therapy and rehabilitation based on the literature.
Coordination Compounds of Lanthanides as Materials for Luminescent Turn Off Sensors
Authors: Pettinari Claudio , Drozdov Andrei , Belousov Yuriy
Published: December 2022

This review aims at describing the possible use of lanthanide coordination compounds as materials for luminescent sensors now more necessary due to the continuous requirements from the society of electroluminescent and lighting devices, for example analytical sensors and imaging instruments. This is the first part of a work describing the photophysical foundations of the luminescence of complex compounds of lanthanides in the context of design materials with a sensory response, and also considers in detail materials with the most common type of response - turn off sensors.
Perspective Chapter: Management of Bone Health in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Vetter Marcus , Chiru Diana , Biskup Ewelina
Published: December 2022

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world. There are several implications of bone health in early and late breast cancer cases. In early breast cancer, the therapy might cause reduction of bone mineral density due to early menopause induction or as a side effect of therapy options, such as aromatase inhibitors. In late-stage breast cancer, most common site of metastasis is in the skeletal bone. Early management of bone metastasis needs special focus because of skeletal-related complications such as fractures, pain, hypercalcemia, and surgery. This chapter will focus on most common diagnostic and therapeutic measures of osseous metastasis, in early and advanced breast cancer.
Female Fertility Preservation: Different Interventions and Procedures
Authors: Houda Amor , Michael Jankowski Peter , Romeo Micu , Mohamad Eid Hammadeh
Published: December 2022

A human being is made up of two living cells: the egg and the sperm, which pass the torch of life to the next generation. After zygote, the fertilized egg undergoes a series of mitotic divisions. First division into two cells is called blastomeres, and then four cells to 64 cells are called the morula stage. Five days after fertilization, the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage. This blastocyst is attaching itself to the uterine wall for implantation. Implantation is complete when the blastocyst is fully embedded in the endometrium a few days later. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue, oocytes, embryos, and blastocysts has become an integral part of improving the success of infertility treatment and fertility preservation. Various cryopreservation strategies have been proposed to enhance cell survival and preserve cellular function. It also increases the efficiency of assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures, enables biodiversity conservation, and provides protection to a valuable biological material. However, successful cryopreservation requires the use of cryoprotectants. The chemical and physical effects of these reagents/processes cause extensive cryogenic damage to the plasma membrane, leading to changes in its normal function. In this chapter, we will discuss different interventions to preserve fertility, including cryopreservation methods and cryoprotectants used.
Perspective Chapter: Lactose Metabolism by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Authors: Xu Zhenshang , Zhang Susu , Wang Ting
Published: December 2022

Lactose, as the main carbon source of lactic acid bacteria in the process of dairy fermentation, is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose linked by 1,4-glycosidic bond. A good starter can produce acid quickly, so the high utilization efficiency of lactose is one of the important indexes for screening lactic acid bacteria strains in the dairy industry. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has generally regarded as safe status and is an important probiotic. It can colonize the intestinal environment, thus playing an important role in alleviating diarrhea, reducing cholesterol and irritable bowel syndrome. Some strains of Lp. plantarum with excellent properties have been used as starters in the production of dairy products such as yogurt and cheese to increase functionality. In this chapter, we review the research progress of lactose metabolism in Lp. plantarum, to lay the foundation for the application of this species in related fermentation products.
Exploring the Knowledge Landscape of Escherichia coli Research: A Scientometric Overview
Authors: Kastrin Andrej , Starčič Erjavec Marjanca
Published: December 2022

Escherichia coli (E. coli) has the hallmark of being the most extensively studied organism. This is shown by the thousands of articles published since its discovery by T. Escherich in 1885. On the other hand, very little is known about the intellectual landscape in E. coli research. For example, how the trend of publications on E. coli has evolved over time and which scientific topics have been the focus of interest for researchers. In this chapter, we present the results of a large-scale scientometric analysis of about 100,000 bibliographic records from PubMed over the period 1981–2021. To examine the evolution of research topics over time, we divided the dataset into four intervals of equal width. We created co-occurrence networks from keywords indexed in the Medical Subject Headings vocabulary and systematically examined the structure and evolution of scientific knowledge about E. coli. The extracted research topics were visualized in strategic diagrams and qualitatively characterized in terms of their maturity and cohesion.
Risk-Based Decision Support for Protective Forest and Natural Hazard Management
Authors: Accastello Cristian , Poratelli Francesca , Renner Kathrin , Cocuccioni Silvia , James Laplante D’Amboise Christopher , Teich Michaela
Published: December 2022

Protective forests are an effective Forest-based Solution (FbS) for Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) and are part of an integrated risk management (IRM) of natural hazards. However, their utilization requires addressing conflicting interests as well as considering relevant spatial and temporal scales. Decision support systems (DSS) can improve the quality of such complex decision-making processes regarding the most suitable and accepted combinations of risk mitigation measures. We introduce four easy-to-apply DSS to foster an ecosystem-based and integrated management of natural hazard risks as well as to increase the acceptance of protective forests as FbS for Eco-DRR: (1) the Flow-Py simulation tool for gravitational mass flows that can be used to model forests with protective functions and to estimate their potential for reducing natural hazards’ energy, (2) an exposure assessment model chain for quantifying forests’ relevance for reducing natural hazard risks, (3) the Rapid Risk management Appraisal (RRA), a participatory method aiming to identify IRM strengths and points for improvement, and (4) the Protective Forest Assessment Tool (FAT), an online DSS for comparing different mitigation measures. These are only a few examples covering various aims and spatial and temporal scales. Science and practice need to collaborate to provide applied DSS for an IRM of natural hazards.
Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM Version II): A Psychometric Properties Analysis
Authors: Eslami Shahrbabaki Mahin , Ahmadipour Habibeh , Yousefi Narjes , Divsalar Parisa
Published: December 2022

Background: Methadone or buprenorphine maintenance therapy is an effective treatment for opioid dependence. Since the satisfaction of patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) plays an important role in their therapeutic success, it seems important to evaluate the satisfaction of methadone usage using multidimensional psychometric tools. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) version II. Patients and Methods: This cross‑sectional study was carried out on 288 opioid-dependent patients of Shahid Beheshti MMT clinic in Kerman, Iran, selected using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using a questionnaire containing the demographic characteristics of the participants and the Persian version of the TSQM version II containing 11 items in four subscales of effectiveness, side effects, convenience of use, and overall satisfaction. The sum of the scores of each subscale is displayed as a number from 0 to 100. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. The construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal consistency and repeatability of the TSQM version II were determined using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest methods, respectively. LISREL software (version 8.8) and SPSS software (version 20.0) were used to analyze the data. Results: The sample with the male majority of 85% had a mean age of 46.24 ± 11.5 years. As a measure of internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha of the Persian version of the TSQM version II was 0.8. The repeatability of the questionnaire using the test-retest method was calculated at 0.9. The EFA revealed the adequacy of sampling and justifiability of the analysis (Kaiser‑Meyer‑Olkin = 0.82, P = 0.001, χ2 = 1507.02, df = 28). In CFA, the goodness of fit was at an appropriate level. Conclusions: The TSQM Persian version can be used as an effective and consistent tool to assess treatment satisfaction in clinical settings.
White Individualism and the Problem of White Co-optation of the Term “Racism”
Authors: Urquidez Albert G. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: December 2022

The narrow-the-scope proposal for defining racism posits that a narrow definition is preferable to a wide definition because the former better facilitates interracial dialogue. Important critiques of the narrow-the-scope proposal have so far focused on the content of narrow definitions. This paper argues that it is important to critique the use of narrow definitions, as well. An examination of white uses of the term “racism” reveals that narrow definitions tend to be interchangeable with individualist definitions, as individualism is an effective framework for white co-optation in the service of white interests. Consequently, philosophers interested in theorizing racism for racial justice purposes ought to reject the narrow-the-scope proposal. Individualist forms of racism should be accommodated within a wide conception of racism that centers the phenomenon of white racism.
Kajian Pemikiran Konsep Tasawuf Insan Kamil Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari Dalam Kitab ad-Durr an-Nafis
Authors: Rosyid Mochammad Harun
Published: December 2022

The study of the concept of insan kamil (the perfect man) is a study that is very often discussed in Sufism. The concept of insan kamil that emerged in the world of Sufism in the VII H century eventually developed in Islamic thought to the Archipelago. Because many discoveries from the books written by the Sufis. There is some evidence of Sufis who study this theme, namely Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari in his book ad-Durr an-Nafis and Abd al-Karim al-Jili in his book al-Insan al-Kamil fi Ma’rifat al-Awakhir wa al-Awa' il. Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari was not the first originator of the concept of insan kamil because several scholars have discussed the concept of insan kamil such as Ibn ‘Arabi, al-Hallaj, al-Suhrawardi, at-Tirmidhi. The book of ad-Durr an-Nafis has clarity and ways in the formation of human beings with religious values. Insan kamil can be formed if humans respect each other and carry out their religious teachings purely and consistently. This paper aims to explain and provide a good understanding of the concept of insan kamil from the book ad-Durr an-Nafis.
Evaluasi Standar Pelayanan Sosial Pengasuh Di Panti Asuhan Yayasan Anugrah Kasih Abadi
Authors: Simbolon Narma , Ritonga Fajar Utama
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan program pelayanan sosial anak di panti asuhan yayasan anugrah kasih abadi, mengevaluasi program pelayanan sosial yang telah dilakukan, dan menganalisis faktor pendorong dan penghambat dalam pelaksanaan program pelayanan sosial anak di panti asuhan yayasan anugrah kasih abadi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode evaluasi, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan sosial di panti asuhan yayasan anugrah kasih abadi terbilang kurang. Terdapat empat jenis pelayanan yang ditemukan, yaitu pelayanan fisik dan kesehatan, pelayanan pendidikan, pelayanan mental spiritual, dan pelayanan bimbingan keterampilan. Panti Asuhan yayasan anugrah kasih abadi merupakan salah satu panti asuhan milik pribadi yang berdiri sejak tahun 2008, jumlah anak panti asuhan yayasan anugrah kasih abadi sebanyak 61 orang diantaranya 30 orang laki-laki dan 31 orang perempuan dan pengasuh 6 orang. Hasil penelitian yaitu perencanaan dilakukan sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan pelayanan sosial kepada anak di panti, Keterlibatan seluruh unsur dalam perencanaan menjadi hal yang sangat penting baik, pemberian bimbingan dan arahan kepada anak asuh. Selalu diawasi baik oleh pengurus panti maupun oleh guru yang mengajar.