bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four-step continuous-flow total synthesis of (−)-debromoflustramine B using a chiral heterogeneous Pd NP catalyst
Authors: Wang Junwen , Liang Feng , Dong Zhen , Huang Junrong , Zhu Yuxiang , You Hengzhi , Chen Fen-Er
Published: September 2024

Various prenylated indoline alkaloids with diverse biological activities, including (−)-debromoflustramine B with significant butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, could be synthesized by dearomative prenylation of tryptophan derivatives.
Covalent recruitment of polymers and nanoparticles onto glycan-engineered cells enhances gene delivery during short exposure
Authors: Tang Qiao , Tomás Ruben M. F. , Gibson Matthew I.
Published: September 2024

Engineering cell surface glycans with azides promotes the capture of polyplexes to increase genetic material delivery into cells.
Diastereoselective hydride transfer enables a synthesis of chiral 1,5-carboxamido-trifluoromethylcarbinols
Authors: Tinelli Roberto , Schupp Manuel , Klose Immo , Shaaban Saad , Maryasin Boris , González Leticia , Maulide Nuno
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of enantiopure tertiary trifluoromethylcarbinols (recurrent features in bioactive compounds) was achieved. We report herein a diastereoselective redox-neutral process allowing the synthesis of 1,5-carboxamido-trifluoromethylcarbinols.
Migration-mitigated crossover of organic redox anions across a proton-exchange membrane
Authors: Ding Penghui , Vagin Mikhail , Jafari Mohammad Javad , Mehandzhiyski Aleksandar Y. , Gueskine Viktor , Abrahamsson Tobias , Zozoulenko Igor , Ederth Thomas , Crispin Reverant
Published: September 2024

We introduce a membrane electrolyzer for the generation of hydrogen peroxide via oxygen reduction and catalyst-free oxidation of quinones. The study reports the effect of the applied coulombic forces on ions, which is the origin of crossover.
Selective optimisation of catalytic activity by tuning the structural composition in nanoparticulate CuFe2O4
Authors: Zander Judith , Fink Michael F. , Attia Mina , Roth Christina , Marschall Roland
Published: September 2024

CuFe2O4 nanocrystals, specifically targeting different cation ratios and structural compositions, were prepared for multiple electrochemical reactions, including HER, OER, ORR and CO2RR.
Sustainability of hydrogen manufacturing: a review
Authors: Vitta Satish
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen is a highly versatile energy vector whose oxidation releases ‘green energy’. Its large scale production however has associated emissions.
Four-way diffusion in miniaturised devices of reverse electrodialysis
Authors: Park Sanguk , Kim Yunju , Yeon Song Yi , Chung Taek Dong
Published: September 2024

A novel four-way diffusion structure for Reverse Electrodialysis (RED), named compact RED (cRED), addresses the stability and power density challenges of the conventional series design, leading to substantial improvements in both metrics.
Bifunctional conjugated polymer photocatalysts for visible light water oxidation and CO2 reduction: function- and site-selective hybridisation of Ru(ii) complex catalysts
Authors: Ishihara Kotaro , Nakada Akinobu , Suzuki Hajime , Tomita Osamu , Nozawa Shunsuke , Saeki Akinori , Abe Ryu
Published: September 2024

Function-/site-selective hybridisation of two specific Ru(ii) complex catalysts on donor–acceptor conjugated polymers enables bifunctional visible-light water oxidation and CO2 reduction.
Revealing the lithium migration paths in Li4+xTi5O12 by neutron diffraction
Authors: Li Hao , Xia Yuanhua , Zeng Wenwen , Zhan Haoran , Sun Guangai , Huang Chaoqiang , Mei Jun , Lv Bojiang , Huang Yushuo , Lu Suyang
Published: September 2024

A sustainable lithium migration path in Li4+xTi5O12 is visualized at the atomic scale, and the energy variation on the path is experimentally provided.
Development of thermally stable FTO thin films on quartz substrates for carrier collection in semiconductor photoelectrodes
Authors: Higashi Tomohiro , Fukagawa Shintaro , Wakishima Kaisei , Yoshiyama Koichi , Narita Yuki , Yoshino Kenji
Published: September 2024

FTO/quartz prepared by spray pyrolysis maintained both low resistivity and high transmittance at temperatures up to 700 °C, enabling superior photoelectrochemical activity of CuBi2O4 semiconductor photoelectrodes.
Thermal stability enhancement of an Mn4+-activated germanate phosphor by a cationic non-equivalent substitution strategy
Authors: Wu Huancheng , Zhang Bohua , Zou Xikun , Molokeev Maxim S. , Zhang Xuejie , Wang Ziyi , Shuang Xiaoyu , Zhang Haoran
Published: September 2024

The construction of a red phosphor with a negative thermal quenching effect by substituting Mg2+ with Sc3+ and its application in plant lighting.
Sulfur-dissolved high-entropy alloys with ultrawide-bandwidth electromagnetic-wave absorption properties synthesized via a mechanochemical process
Authors: Hu Jiawen , Jiang Linwen , Liu Hang , Jin Jiawei , Jia Lei , Wu Anhua , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: September 2024

Further enhancing the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) and the harsh-environment stability of high-entropy alloy (HEA) electromagnetic-wave absorbing (EMA) materials is of great practical significance and broad application prospects.
Reversed charge transfer in a type I MoS2/PtSe2 heterostructure probed by ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy
Authors: Xu Niu , Song Weiming , Liu Kaizhen , Yang Jin , Zhong Jin-Hui
Published: September 2024

This work reports a two-step reversed charge transfer process in a type I MoS2/PtSe2 heterostructure revealed by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, showing the opportunity for optoelectronic devices under sub-bandgap excitation conditions.
Introduction to the Forum: Native Language, Dialect, and Foreign Accent in Dysarthria
Authors: Kim Yunjung
Published: September 2024

This timely collection is an international effort to serve as a foundation to encourage research that offers insights into the interaction between language variation and motor speech disorders. Specifically, this forum aimed to provide a platform that (a) explores and demonstrates the role of language variation in the manifestation of dysarthria, (b) considers language variation in clinical assessment and management, and (c) promotes awareness of diverse language backgrounds of people with dysarthria. The forum contains six articles, spanning a variety of research designs (cross-sectional, pre- and post-treatment), kinds of articles (tutorial, research article, commentary), and a range of languages from around the world (English, French, Korean Portuguese, Spanish).
Detection Technologies for Secondary Switching Components in Power Generation
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Lin Xiangyu , Huang Dongshan , Meng Xuanren , Nie Xiaoyong , Wu Wenjian
Published: September 2024

In the operation of secondary circuits for power generation, a substantial number of various types of switching components are utilized. The primary types of secondary switching components employed include time relays, intermediate relays, auxiliary switches, and limit switches. These components occupy critical positions in the secondary circuit, where failures can easily lead to accidents affecting the safety of power generation. The testing institutions of power generation enterprises face challenges such as inadequate capabilities for component verification and testing, resulting in uncontrollable component performance. This paper discusses the necessary aspects of detecting secondary switching components, explores detection methods, and addresses the lack of self-inspection schemes for enterprises in conducting secondary switching component detection.
Practical Application of Safety Management in the Reconstruction and Expansion Project of Expressway
Authors: Li Ying , Li Xinxin , Zhang Chenhao , Liang Yonghao
Published: September 2024

During the construction of highway reconstruction and expansion projects, safety management plays an important role in engineering protection. Taking the reconstruction and expansion project of Laiwu Tai’an section of Qinglan expressway as an example, this paper introduces the process of using LEC Method to carry out risk identification and risk assessment for each stage of construction in the project construction stage, and using PDCA cycle method to take special safety measures for possible risks, to establish a safety management system suitable for the project. Under the guarantee of this safety management system, the project was successfully completed and safely passed the special period of Covid-19.
Research on Risk Assessment and Refined Improvement of Traffic Safety Facilities for Low Volume Rural Highways in China
Authors: Wu Hongbo , Jiao Wenwen , Chen Yu , Di Shengde , Chao Sui
Published: September 2024

Based on an extensive investigation, this paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the existing safety facilities on rural roads with low traffic volume in China. It quantifies the indicators for identifying high-risk sections and provides a detailed description of these common high-risk areas. Furthermore, this study proposes engineering measures to enhance the traffic safety facilities specifically designed for these vulnerable road sections. Additionally, practical design examples based on engineering practices in China are presented, which are both simple and user-friendly.
Analysis of visual effects of urban landscape based on eye movement experiments——taking Park Road in Yanji City as an example
Authors: Zhang Jiahe , Lv Wanqiao , Piao Shunmei
Published: September 2024

In this study, the visual effect of Park Road landscape in Yanji City was investigated through a combination of questionnaire survey and eye movement analysis, and the correlation between the evaluation factors of Park Road landscape and the subjects’ points of interest was explored. It was found that there was a strong correlation between subjective evaluation factors and landscape aesthetics; the subjects’ eyes were mainly focused on the vanishing point, while the colorful lighting projects and billboards were more attractive points of interest. The results of this study can provide a reference for Park Road landscape planning and a reference method for subsequent landscape studies.
The invention relates to a new type of curved hook gauge for measuring elevator related dimensions
Authors: Feng Gaoge , Chang Xiaoqing
Published: September 2024

In order to realize a measuring tool that can be easily used in elevator inspection and testing, this paper integrates several types of existing plug gauge (gap gauge and vernier gauge), steel ruler and some tape measure functions, and carries out technical transformation of existing tools through parameter calculation and mechanical optimization design to achieve a tool. It not only solves the direct measurement of the data related to the comb and comb plate of the escalator, but also can be used in the escalator and elevator inspection and detection of other items.
Analysis of Economic Development Dynamics in Border Cities--Based on Multiple Regression Model of Fangchenggang City
Authors: Su Xinjie , Zhou Wei , Deng Lin , Li Ming
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes the data of Fangcheng Harbor City from 2019-2022 using multiple regression models to study the factors affecting the economic development of border cities. The results of the study show that the growth of the secondary industry, the tertiary industry, the total amount of imports and exports, and real estate development investment are the main factors affecting the economic development of border cities. It is suggested that the governments of border cities take measures to optimize the industrial structure, increase the opening up to the outside world, strengthen the regulation of the real estate market, and improve the income level of the residents to promote the economic development.
A Study on the Influence upon Service Innovation Ability exerted by IT Ability and Knowledge Integration
Authors: Yin Hui , Yin Yuanke
Published: September 2024

Service innovation is crucial for enterprises to improve customer satisfaction and win market competition, and the interaction and integration of enterprise knowledge are the continuous driving force of innovation. With the rapid development of IT (information technology), IT ability plays an increasingly important role in the process of knowledge integration. Focuses on the logistics industries, this paper makes an empirical study on the relationship among IT ability, knowledge integration and service innovation ability. At the same time, It investigates the impact of market recession on service innovation ability under the epidemic situation. The results show that IT ability has a significantly positive impact on knowledge integration and knowledge integration has the same positive impact on service innovation ability; Knowledge integration has a complete mediating effect on the relationship between IT ability and service innovation, while market recession has no moderating effect on the relations between IT ability and service innovation ability.
Distributed trading scheme for vehicular grid interaction supporting transaction anonymity and credit management
Authors: He Yingjun , Zhao Zhiyu , Mao Zhengxiong , Lu Guangqian , Hu Jian , Zhang Lina , Li Shenzhang
Published: September 2024

To address the significant challenge of supply-demand balance in the power system and better coordinate the energy and information interaction between electric vehicles and smart grids, vehicular grid interaction has been extensively studied. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, openness, and non-tamperability, which is naturally suitable for distributed transactions with virtual power plants. However, the current distributed energy transactions of virtual power plants face challenges in credit management and privacy protection, which are not conducive to the stability of the trading market. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-based distributed energy trading scheme for virtual power plants, which realizes distributed trading while protecting the user’s identity information and providing credit management for the user’s performance behaviour. Finally, the performance evaluation and security analysis of the scheme based on security and privacy requirements show that the scheme is both secure and practical.
Research on the Intelligent Construction and Development of Bridge Engineering Safety Management
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Yu Bo , Li Ruipu , Wan Yang
Published: September 2024

To deeply explore the development path of intelligent construction of bridge engineering safety management under the background of intelligent construction in China’s construction industry, based on the technical characteristics of bridge engineering and the difficulties of safety management, this paper analyzes the current situation and implementation path of intelligent development of bridge engineering in China, discusses the supporting role of modern information technology on intelligent safety management of bridge engineering, and finally analyzes the future development challenges of intelligent safety management of bridge engineering. To provide a reference for the safety management of future bridge engineering projects and rapidly improve the overall safety production level of the industry.
The impact of public policies on China’s new energy vehicles from the perspective of institutional economics
Authors: Zhang Shurui , Deng Lin , Zhou Wei , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2024

With the development of the economy and the enhancement of environmental awareness, new energy vehicles have become a new choice for many consumers. As one of the most developed countries in new energy vehicles, China cannot do without government financial support. In order to promote the development of China’s new energy vehicle industry, the government has introduced a series of support policies, including financial subsidies. This article conducts an empirical analysis of the development of new energy vehicles in China from the perspective of the impact of institutional economics on public policy. It is concluded that this article uses a time series model to analyze the relationship between the amount of state subsidies and sales, the number of patent applications, and the number of charging piles from 2011 to 2021. The research results show that state subsidies have a significant impact on the number of new energy vehicle patent applications. Positive promotion effect. The impact of state subsidies on sales is not significant.
Decision support system for cost planning and implementation of production tasks of LW “Bogdanka” S.A. – the concept of integrating IT solutions towards the idea of an intelligent mine
Authors: Dyczko Artur
Published: September 2024

The article presents the concept and specific activities undertaken by LW “Bogdanka” S.A. to build an IT system that integrates the current dispatching solutions of the mine with IT systems supporting the management of basic underground infrastructure facilities. This concept forms the substantive foundation of a solution that supports the decision-making system for conducting production activities using IT solutions and production monitoring, implemented under the slogan “Intelligent Mine”. The Intelligent Mine, as understood by LW “Bogdanka” S.A., involves a series of innovative technical solutions aimed at increasing mining effectiveness while ensuring the safety of underground workers and minimizing the environmental impact. The article addresses several key issues, including the practical experience of LW “Bogdanka” S.A. in innovative deposit management, scheduling access, preparatory and exploitation works, production resources management, and monitoring of production processes. Additionally, the article explores how these integrated IT systems contribute to improving operational efficiency, enhancing safety protocols, and promoting sustainable mining practices. By providing a comprehensive overview of these initiatives, the article highlights the significant advancements and practical implementations that LW “Bogdanka” S.A. has achieved in its journey toward becoming an Intelligent Mine.
Finding alternative stepwise improvement paths with different improvement effects
Authors: Ji Zhiyong , Wu Xianhua , Wei Guo , Chen Xueli , Song Malin
Published: September 2024

Targets on the data-envelopment-analysis (DEA) efficient frontier show the direction of inefficient decision-making units’ (DMUs) improvements. Some authors have correlated the improve- ment effects of targets with management needs. Nevertheless, targets are unattainable for DMUs with poor performance. Hence, stepwise improvement paths with different improvement effects should be provided to solve the problem of unachievable targets and flexibly meet decision-makers’ (DMs) di- verse management needs in performance improvement. For this purpose, we propose novel stepwise DEA benchmarking approaches and a search algorithm to find progress-improvement strategies with different improvement effects. The contributions of our approaches are as follows. (1) Several step- wise improvement paths with different improvement effects are found, which provides DMs with more abundant alternatives for performance optimization in various management situations. (2) The upper bound for efforts in all intermediate improvement steps can be effectively controlled, which overcomes the problem of unachievable targets and makes stepwise improvement paths more feasible. To illustrate our approaches, we conducted a case study on 18 ports in China. In this case study of Chinese ports, we further highlighted the advantages of our methods by comparing them with existing DEA mod- els. In sum, our approaches are suitable for poorly performing units that aspire to align performance improvements with management needs.
STEMI-Äquivalente im EKG – eine fallbasierte Darstellung
Authors: Stegmeier Philipp , Martinez Pereyra Valeria , Ong Peter
Published: September 2024

Bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf einen Myokardinfarkt zählt das 12-Kanal-Ruhe-EKG zu einer unverzichtbaren Basisdiagnostik. Eine besonders wichtige Bedeutung hat dabei das Erkennen von ST-Streckenhebungen, das zu einer sofortigen koronaren Revaskularisation führen sollte. Darüber hinaus gibt es STEMI-Äquivalente im EKG, deren Darstellung Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist.
Der Stellenwert funktioneller Outcome-Parameter des afferent
visuellen Systems bei neuroinflammatorischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Manthey Luca Magdalena , Buenrostro Gilberto Solorza , Paul Friedemann , Oertel Frederike Cosima
Published: September 2024

Störungen des afferenten visuellen Systems sind seit Langem bei diversen
neurologischen Erkrankungen beschrieben. Somit ist auch die Untersuchung des
visuellen Systems ein wesentlicher Aspekt der neurologischen Untersuchung. Neben
der strukturellen Darstellung der Sehbahn, z. B. mittels der
Magnetresonanztomografie (MRT) oder der Optischen Kohärenztomografie (OCT),
bieten funktionelle Parameter schnell und gut zugängliche Informationen über die
Integrität und Funktionalität des visuellen Systems. Zusätzlich zur fokussierten
Untersuchung und Differentialdiagnostik klinischer Sehstörungen, bieten diese
Parameter auch die Möglichkeit, subklinische Prozesse zu erfassen und damit
frühzeitige therapeutische Interventionen zu ermöglichen. Dieser Artikel gibt
eine Übersicht über funktionelle Parameter des afferenten visuellen Systems und
demonstriert deren klinische Relevanz beispielhaft anhand von
neuroimmunologischen Erkrankungen, wie Multipler Sklerose (MS) und Neuromyelitis
Optica Spektrum Erkrankungen (NMOSD).
Additional over-the-scope-clip closure can shorten endoscopic vacuum therapy for postoperative upper gastrointestinal leakage
Authors: Brand Markus , Reimer Stanislaus , Kollmann Lars , Weich Alexander , Gruber Maximilian , Flemming Sven , Meining Alexander , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Lock Johann Friso , Seyfried Florian
Published: September 2024

Background and study aims Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has become the most effective therapeutic option for upper gastrointestinal leakage. Despite its efficiency, this treatment can necessitate a long hospitalization. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether additional use of an over-the-scope-clips (OTSC) closure after successful EVT can shorten leakage therapy.

Patients and methods All patients treated with EVT for leakages in the upper gastrointestinal tract at our center from 2012 to 2022 were divided into two propensity matched cohorts (EVT+OTSC vs. EVT only). The EVT+OTSC patients received OSTC application at the end of successful EVT directly after removal of the last sponge. The primary endpoint was the time interval from leakage diagnosis until discharge. Secondary endpoints included EVT efficacy, complications, and nutritional status at discharge.

Results A total of 84 matched patients were analyzed. EVT efficacy was 100% in both groups. The time interval from leakage until discharge was significantly shorter in the EVT+OTSC vs. EVT group (33 [19–48] vs. 46 days [29–77] P = 0.004). No patient in the EVT+OTSC group required additional procedures for leakage management, whereas five (12%) in the EVT group needed additional stent placement (P = 0.021). More patients could be discharged on sufficient oral nutrition in the EVT+OTSC group (98% vs. 60%; P < 0.001).

Conclusions The addition of OTSCs after successful EVT is safe and has the potential to shorten leakage therapy, enabling earlier discharge along with better functional outcomes.
Randomisierte, placebokontrollierte Pilotstudie zur Kinesiotapeanlage
im ambitionierten Radsport während des Trainings – Effekte auf Nackenschmerz und
Beweglichkeit der Halswirbelsäule
Authors: Tscharnke Tim , Loudovici-Krug Dana , Best Norman
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund  Das Applizieren einer Kinesiotapeanlage (KTA) gilt als
etabliertes Verfahren, um Schmerzzuständen entgegenzuwirken. Gegenstand dieser
Pilotstudie ist die Frage, ob eine KTA dazu beitragen kann, durch Rennradfahren
induzierte Nackenschmerzen zu reduzieren und die zervikale Beweglichkeit zu
erhalten.

Materialien und Methodiken  In dieser prospektiven und einfach
verblindeten Pilotstudie wurden 33 Teilnehmende an mehrtägigen Radsportevents
mit durch das Training hervorgerufenen Nackenschmerzen und
Rotationseinschränkungen des Kopfes berücksichtigt. Die Teilnehmenden wurden in
zwei Gruppen randomisiert und erhielten eine KTA bzw. eine Placebotapeanlage vor
dem Training. Die Daten wurden jeweils zwei Tage vor und nach der
Trainingseinheit erhoben. Ermittelt wurden die Druckschmerzschwellen an drei
unterschiedlichen Lokalisationen des oberen Rückens, die Rotation der
Halswirbelsäule sowie die Schmerzwahrnehmung mittels visueller Analogskala
(VAS), derenerrechnete Differenzen den primären Endpunkt abbildeten. Der
Vergleich erfolgte mittels Tests auf Signifikanz. Zudem wurden demographische
Parameter und die Trainingsleistung in den letzten zwölf Monaten
berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse  Signifikante Unterschiede konnten in der VAS (p<0,002)
festgestellt werden. Bezüglich der passiven Rotation der Halswirbelsäule und der
Druckschmerzschwelle konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede nachgewiesen
werden.

Schlussfolgerung  Diese Pilotstudie liefert Hinweise, die den Nutzen von
KTA zur Prävention von mechanisch induzierten Nackenschmerzen im Radsport
bestätigen könnte. Profitieren konnten in dieser Studie auch Teilnehmende aus
der Kontrollgruppe. Weitere Forschung mit dem Fokus auf Nackenschmerzen und der
Anwendung einer geeigneten Tapeanlage ist zu empfehlen, um zuverlässige Aussagen
zur Effektivität treffen zu können.
Enhancing Suicide Attempt Risk Prediction Models with Temporal Clinical Note Features
Authors: Krause Kevin J. , Davis Sharon E. , Yin Zhijun , Schafer Katherine M. , Rosenbloom Samuel Trent , Walsh Colin G.
Published: September 2024

Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of enhancing a structured-data-based suicide attempt risk prediction model with temporal Concept Unique Identifiers (CUIs) derived from clinical notes. We aimed to examine how different temporal schemes, model types, and prediction ranges influenced the model's predictive performance. This research sought to improve our understanding of how the integration of temporal information and clinical variable transformation could enhance model predictions.

Methods We identified modeling targets using diagnostic codes for suicide attempts within 30, 90, or 365 days following a temporally grouped visit cluster. Structured data included medications, diagnoses, procedures, and demographics, whereas unstructured data consisted of terms extracted with regular expressions from clinical notes. We compared models trained only on structured data (controls) to hybrid models trained on both structured and unstructured data. We used two temporalization schemes for clinical notes: fixed 90-day windows and flexible epochs. We trained and assessed random forests and hybrid long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks using area under the precision recall curve (AUPRC) and area under the receiver operating characteristic, with additional evaluation of sensitivity and positive predictive value at 95% specificity.

Results The training set included 2,364,183 visit clusters with 2,009 30-day suicide attempts, and the testing set contained 471,936 visit clusters with 480 suicide attempts. Models trained with temporal CUIs outperformed those trained with only structured data. The window-temporalized LSTM model achieved the highest AUPRC (0.056 ± 0.013) for the 30-day prediction range. Hybrid models generally showed better performance compared with controls across most metrics.

Conclusion This study demonstrated that incorporating electronic health record-derived clinical note features enhanced suicide attempt risk prediction models, particularly with window-temporalized LSTM models. Our results underscored the critical value of unstructured data in suicidality prediction, aligning with previous findings. Future research should focus on integrating more sophisticated methods to continue improving prediction accuracy, which will enhance the effectiveness of future intervention.
Assessment of Bond Strength of Different Bonding Systems to Eroded Dentin Using Sonic Activation: In Vitro Study
Authors: Mohammad Mustafa H. , Thyab Samer A.
Published: September 2024

Objective Bonding to dentin is a great challenge, and erosion makes it difficult. This study evaluated the effect of sonic agitation on bond strength to eroded dentin using total etch (TE) and self-etch (SE) adhesive systems.

Material and Methods A 96-sound human maxillary premolar teeth were prepared to obtain a flat dentin surface, randomly divided into two groups of 48 teeth each. One group was erosive demineralized with 0.05-M citric acid solution to produce an erodedlike dentin surface using de- and remineralization cycles, and the other group was considered a control with no erosive treatment. Each group was bonded with two different bonding strategies, TE (Single Bond 2) and SE (AdheSE One F). Each bonding system was applied with and without sonic activation, and the effect of bond agitation on shear bond strength (SBS) was tested after the application of composite to bonded dentin surface under shear load (0.5 mm/min). Two samples from each group were randomly selected for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluation of the hybrid layer quality. An independent sample t-test was used to assess the effect of erosion, activation, and adhesive type on the SBS. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Result Concerning dentin substrate type, eroded dentin has lower SBS mean values than sound dentin, although it was not significant. Regarding the bonding strategy, TE produced higher SBS values than the SE bonding strategy; it was significant only in sound dentin; despite the bonding strategy and the substrate dentin type, sonic activation produced a significant rise in SBS values except when the SE bonding strategy was applied to eroded dentin where the rise was of no significant value (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Sonic agitation effectively improves the SBS value of composite bonded to eroded and sound dentin in both TE and SE strategies.
The womb as a wild mother beast
Authors: Cohen-Hanegbi Naama , Erez Guy
Published: September 2024

This article traces the roots of a metaphor that compares the aching womb to a forest or wild beast. A close examination of the metaphor, which appears in a chapter on uterine pains in Gilbert of England’sCompendium medicinae,opens a window into ideas that circulated in twelfth- and thirteenth-century Latin thought about human and animal maternal affection. After mapping out the medical tradition in which this singular metaphor appears, we turn to bestiaries, encyclopedias, literature, biblical commentaries, and sermons to situate this metaphor in a broader cultural context. By awakening the metaphor of the wild beast/womb, we identify a notion of embodied motherly love that circulated in medieval learned Latin Europe. These findings, in turn, shed new light on the role of animal-human discourse during the period, and reveal a compassionate approach to miscarriage and loss within medieval medicine.
Multimodal mechano-microscopy reveals mechanical phenotypes of breast cancer spheroids in three dimensions
Authors: Mowla Alireza , Hepburn Matt S. , Li Jiayue , Vahala Danielle , Amos Sebastian E. , Hirvonen Liisa M. , Sanderson Rowan W. , Wijesinghe Philip , Maher Samuel , Choi Yu Suk , Kennedy Brendan F.
Published: September 2024

Cancer cell invasion relies on an equilibrium between cell deformability and the biophysical constraints imposed by the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, there is little consensus on the nature of the local biomechanical alterations in cancer cell dissemination in the context of three-dimensional (3D) tumor microenvironments (TMEs). While the shortcomings of two-dimensional (2D) models in replicating in situ cell behavior are well known, 3D TME models remain underutilized because contemporary mechanical quantification tools are limited to surface measurements. Here, we overcome this major challenge by quantifying local mechanics of cancer cell spheroids in 3D TMEs. We achieve this using multimodal mechano-microscopy, integrating optical coherence microscopy-based elasticity imaging with confocal fluorescence microscopy. We observe that non-metastatic cancer spheroids show no invasion while showing increased peripheral cell elasticity in both stiff and soft environments. Metastatic cancer spheroids, however, show ECM-mediated softening in a stiff microenvironment and, in a soft environment, initiate cell invasion with peripheral softening associated with early metastatic dissemination. This exemplar of live-cell 3D mechanotyping supports that invasion increases cell deformability in a 3D context, illustrating the power of multimodal mechano-microscopy for quantitative mechanobiology in situ.
Lagrangian coherent structures and mass transport in T-junctions
Authors: Sun Dapeng , Zhu Xiangzhe
Published: September 2024

The mechanisms of air water two-phase flow and phase distribution in T-junctions are studied using Lagrangian methods such as the Lagrangian Coherent Structure (LCS) and the particle tracking method. First, the air water two-phase flow field in the T-junctions is numerically simulated. In particular, characteristics such as phase distribution, pressure distribution, and streamline diagrams in mixing and separating regions are captured. Then, the ridges in finite-time Lyapunov exponent fields are extracted as LCSs. The mass transport process is discussed through contrasting the phase distribution and the LCSs. In the mixing region, the air water interfaces almost coincide with the attracting LCSs. At the same time, the attracting LCSs can demonstrate the evolution process of the vortices, which is crucial for the mixing of phases. In the separating region, employing the particle tracking method reveals that particles are entrained by the most attractive LCSs, while repelling LCSs demarcate regions with distinct flow directions, thereby playing a pivotal role in phase separation. In summary, we investigated mass transport in air water two-phase flow in T-junctions from the perspective of LCSs.
A six degrees of freedom femtosecond laser system for fabrication of small-scale mechanical property specimens
Authors: Barker Zachary Wayne , Gonzalez Jose Miguel , Santacruz David K. , Acosta-Cordero Jorge L. , Price Ryan , Nevarez Stephani , Canfield Thomas , Schuster Brian Elias
Published: September 2024

We present the details of a novel ultra-short pulsed laser machining workstation that has been employed for high-throughput laser machining of small-scale mechanical property specimens. This system employs a six degrees of freedom hexapod positioning stage capable of macroscopic movements at high positional accuracy. We developed a methodology that uses quantitative image analysis to measure key parameters required to minimize the hexapod positioning and rotational error. Application of this system to laser machining of small-scale 316L stainless steel tensile specimens and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene compressive specimens using eucentric tilt and rotation about the specimen axis will be shown, where serial laser milling at a specimen tilt angle of 10° was used to effectively eliminate any taper in the sample cross section that is typically found in laser machining.
Anomalous droplet transfer by surface acoustic waves through a microgap under a thin barrier
Authors: Sirotkin V. V. , Emelin E. V.
Published: September 2024

The transfer of droplets through a microgap under a thin barrier in the direction opposite to the motion of the surface acoustic waves (SAWs) acting on them has been discovered. Initially, the droplets are in contact with the barrier on the side opposite the SAW source. Under the SAW action, the transfer of a significant portion of the droplet volume through the microgap to the opposite side of the barrier is observed. This is in contrast to the behavior of droplets not in contact with the barrier. These droplets move in the direction of SAW motion. Experiments were performed to determine the effects of droplet size, SAW source power, and barrier wettability on the intensity of anomalous transfer. In addition, a computer simulation of a system simpler than the original was performed to identify the processes responsible for droplet growth on the side of the barrier facing the SAW source. Based on the analysis of the experimental and computational results, a model is proposed to explain the discovered phenomenon. The model assumes that the initial stage of anomalous transfer is due to atomization–coalescence, and the subsequent, more intense stage is due to the specificity of the streams circulating in the growing droplets. The article also shows that in a system of two parallel barriers, anomalous transfer allows either droplet division or droplet division and mixing.
Toward the reproducible fabrication of conductive ferroelectric domain walls into lithium niobate bulk single crystals
Authors: Ratzenberger Julius , Kiseleva Iuliia , Koppitz Boris , Beyreuther Elke , Zahn Manuel , Gössel Joshua , Hegarty Peter A. , Amber Zeeshan H. , Rüsing Michael , Eng Lukas M.
Published: September 2024

Ferroelectric domain walls (DWs) are promising structures for assembling future nano-electronic circuit elements on a larger scale since reporting domain wall currents of up to 1 mA per single DW. One key requirement hereto is their reproducible manufacturing by gaining preparative control over domain size and domain wall conductivity (DWC). To date, most works on DWC have focused on exploring the fundamental electrical properties of individual DWs within single-shot experiments, with an emphasis on quantifying the origins of DWC. Very few reports exist when it comes to comparing the DWC properties between two separate DWs, and literally nothing exists where issues of reproducibility in DWC devices have been addressed. To fill this gap while facing the challenge of finding guidelines for achieving predictable DWC performance, we report on a procedure that allows us to reproducibly prepare single hexagonal domains of a predefined diameter into uniaxial ferroelectric lithium niobate single crystals of 200 and 300 μm thickness, respectively. We show that the domain diameter can be controlled with an uncertainty of a few percent. As-grown DWs are then subjected to a standard procedure of current-limited high-voltage DWC enhancement, and they repetitively reach a DWC increase of six orders of magnitude. While all resulting DWs show significantly enhanced DWC values, their individual current–voltage (I–V) characteristics exhibit different shapes, which can be explained by variations in their 3D real structure reflecting local heterogeneities by defects, DW pinning, and surface-near DW inclination.
Water droplet transport on superhydrophobic surfaces induced by the dual synthetic jets
Authors: Gao Tianxiang , Luo Zhenbing , Zhou Yan , Wu Binrui , Kang Ying , Peng Can , Cheng Pan , Deng Xiong
Published: September 2024

Droplet transport is very essential in many industrial applications. This article proposed the concept of employing dual synthetic jets in conjunction with superhydrophobic materials to facilitate the long-distance directional transport of water droplets. Experiments showed that the droplet transport speed could reach approximately 90 mm/s. In addition to linear transport, dual synthetic jets were also capable of achieving curved transport of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. High-speed photography captured the details of the droplet transport process. Additionally, simulations analyzed the water droplet's aerodynamic forces and the deformation and breakup mechanisms at the actuator's outlet. The research in this paper was anticipated to contribute to new methods for directed droplet transport on superhydrophobic surfaces. It is eliminated the need for pre-processing the surface to create a path, and there was also no need to incorporate conductive or magnetic substances within the droplets.
Molecular dynamics simulation for phase transition of CsPbI3 perovskite with the Buckingham potential
Authors: Cui Chuan-Xin , Jiang Jin-Wu
Published: September 2024

The CsPbI3 perovskite is a promising candidate for photovoltaic applications, for which several critical phase transitions govern both its efficiency and stability. Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are valuable in understanding the microscopic mechanisms of these transitions, in which the accuracy of the simulation heavily depends on the empirical potential. This study parameterizes two efficient and stable empirical potentials for the CsPbI3 perovskite. In these two empirical potentials, the short-ranged repulsive interaction is described by the Lennard-Jones model or the Buckingham model, while the long-ranged Coulomb interaction is summed by the damped shifted force method. Our molecular dynamics simulations show that these two empirical potentials accurately capture the γ ↔ β ↔ α and δ → α phase transitions for the CsPbI3 perovskite. Furthermore, they are up to two orders of magnitude more efficient than previous empirical models, owing to the high efficiency of the damped shifted force truncation treatment for the Coulomb interaction.
Turbulent flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transitions in ethane–air mixture
Authors: Li Jinzhou , Van Loo Sven , Yang Junfeng , Pekalski Andrzej
Published: September 2024

The deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) poses significant risks in the oil, gas, and nuclear industries, capable of causing catastrophic explosions and extensive damage. This study addresses a critical knowledge gap in understanding the DDT of ethane–air mixtures on a large scale, amid increasing industrial utilization and production of ethane. A novel computational framework is introduced, utilizing the finite-volume code named Morris Garages, which incorporates reactive compressible Navier–Stokes equations, adaptive mesh refinement, and correlations of turbulent burning velocities. This model integrates the most recent data on laminar and turbulent burning velocities for premixed ethane–air mixtures, simulating flame acceleration and DDT within a two-dimensional large-scale setting, measuring 21 m in length and 3 m in height, with obstacles mimicking pipe congestion. Two mixture scenarios, lean and near-stoichiometric, are analyzed to evaluate the effects of equivalence ratios on flame propagation and DDT. The simulations, validated against large-scale experimental data from Shell, show reasonable agreement and provide critical insights into the onset conditions of DDT, such as temperature, pressure, flame speed, and turbulent kinetic energy. Furthermore, the ξ–ε detonation peninsula diagram is utilized to explore autoignition and detonation behaviors in ethane–air mixtures.
Study on hydrodynamic performance of multi-link cycloidal propeller
Authors: Wang Qigan , Zhu Baokang , Wu Han , Zhang Zhijun
Published: September 2024

Cycloidal propellers are special propellers that can obtain a wide range of thrust in any direction without changing the propeller rotation speed or requiring the assistance of a rudder. They are typically installed on ships with high-mobility requirements. The implementation of pure cycloidal blade pitch control is complex, and there are a few control mechanisms capable of realizing these blade pitch motions. In this paper, a multi-link mechanism is designed to control the movement of the blades, and the relationships between blade pitch angle, linkage lengths, and their adjustment angles are established. The linkage lengths and their adjustment angles are solved using a genetic algorithm. The blade pitch angle controlled by the multi-link mechanism matches well with the pure cycloidal pitch angle after adjusting the linkage lengths and adjustment angles. The layout of linkages for the six-blade cycloidal propeller is designed to ensure that there is no motion interference between the linkages and their supporting shafts during operation. The open water hydrodynamic performance of the cycloidal propeller controlled by the multi-link mechanism and pure cycloidal pitch motion is analyzed using computational fluid dynamics. The simulation results indicate that the cycloidal propeller can achieve similar performance with different control mechanisms.
Multi-mode non-diffraction vortex beams enabled by polarization-frequency multiplexing transmissive terahertz metasurfaces
Authors: Wu Mingzhong , He Xunjun , Lu Guangjun , Geng Zhaoxin , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2024

In terahertz (THz) wireless communication systems, non-diffraction vortex beams carrying an orbital angular momentum (OAM) have attracted extensive attention due to their ability to transmit information over long distances with high capacity. However, existing metasurfaces can only generate a single OAM mode non-diffracting vortex beam at reflection space for circular polarization (CP) incidence, limiting practical applications. To address this issue, we propose and design a polarization-frequency multiplexing transmissive THz metasurface to realize multi-mode non-diffracting vortex beams at linear polarization (LP) incidence. The meta-atom of this metasurface is composed of three anisotropic rectangular metallic structures embedded in vanadium dioxide (VO2) square rings, two circular aperture metallic grid layers, and four dielectric layers. By reasonably designing the size of the metal patch and the state of VO2, the designed metasurface can achieve polarization multiplexing and frequency multiplexing for LP incidence. Based on the phase response of the proposed meta-atoms, the transmissive metasurface can implement not only multi-mode non-diffraction vortex beams but also their space separation at two frequency ranges of 0.80–0.90 THz and 1.50–1.80 THz by changing the state of VO2. Therefore, the proposed multiple multiplexing metasurfaces can effectively shape the wavefront of non-diffraction vortex beams, which have broad application prospects in 6G THz communication.
Spin chain orientation and magneto-optical coupling in twisted NiPS3 homostructures
Authors: Chen Junying , Xie Xing , Oyang Xinyu , Ding Junnan , Ouyang Fangping , Liu Zongwen , Wang Jian-Tao , He Jun , Liu Yanping
Published: September 2024

Magnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention due to their unique electronic, magnetic, and optical properties and their potential applications in next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the magneto-optical effects of oligolayer antiferromagnetic materials remain inadequately understood. Here, we investigate the magnetic properties of few-layer nickel phosphorus trisulfide (NiPS3) and its twisted heterostructures, emphasizing the observation of optical phenomena at low temperatures (1.65 K). By stacking few-layer NiPS3 to fabricate twisted homostructures, we probe their magnetic characteristics using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Our results reveal that sharp exciton peaks emerge at low temperatures and that the spin chain orientation in oligolayer NiPS3 can be discerned through the polarization dependence of exciton PL intensity. Notably, fewer-layered NiPS3 exhibits a significant magneto-optical effect under an applied magnetic field, allowing the modulation of the polarization angle of its exciton PL spectrum. Additionally, the polarization-dependent Raman spectrum of NiPS3 shows substantial changes under the influence of a magnetic field. These findings underscore the potential of few-layer NiPS3 for future magneto-optical device applications.