bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sobre: Emilio Gidi Villarreal, Los derechos politicos de lospueblos indígenas mexicanos
Authors: Velasco Toro José
Published: January 2023

La obra intelectual de Emilio Gidi Villarreal es, en el sentido amplio del termino, una proposición doctoral por el profundo conocimiento del problema que aborda y que enuncia en el título de su libro: Los derechos políticos de los pueblos indígenas mexicanos, publicado por la prestigiada e histórica casa Editorial Porrúa.
Tropas regulares y milicias durante la Patria Boba en la Nueva Granada, 1810-1816
Authors: Fajardo Barragán Arnovy
Published: January 2023

Este artículo ofrece una aproximación al primer momento militar de la independencia en la Nueva Granada entre 1810 y 1816, que ha sido poco estudiado en comparación con la Campaña Libertadora de 1819. Se buscan los nexos que existieron entre la subordinación y organización de tropas regulares y de milicias en el interior del virreinato, haciendo una pequeña mención del desarrollo de dichos cuerpos armados. También se analizan las circunstancias políticas que condujeron a la construcción del Estado de Cundinamarca y la federación de las Provincias Unidas de la Nueva Granada, que organizaron sistemas militares diferentes, los cuales se enfrentaron en dos ocasiones entre sí y lucharon contra los realistas en diversos lugares, hasta que dichos cuerpos fueron derrotados en la gran invasión de 1816. Regular Army and Militia during the Patria Boba in New Granada, 1810-1816This article offers an approximation to the initial military movement towards New Granada’s Independence between 1810 and 1816, which is seldom studied in comparison to the attention paid to the Campaign of Liberation in 1819. We look for connections between the subordination and organization of regular troops and militias within the viceroyalty, making some reference to their development. We also look at the political circumstances that led the to construction of Cundinamarca State and the federation of the United Provinces of New Granada, which organized different military systems, which fought each other two times, and fought the royalists in different places, until, finally, these military groups were defeated in the Great Invasion in 1816.
La permanencia en Xalapa de españoles milicianos y miembros de las fuerzas expedicionarias, 1812-1835
Authors: Juan Mendoza María del Rosario
Published: January 2023

El artículo examina la actividad militar que el grupo de españoles residente en Xalapa, durante los años de la primera república federal, desarrolló en la época insurgente. En el primer apartado se estudian los rasgos centrales de la villa xalapeña. En el segundo se aborda el origen peninsular de los españoles, así como la migración a la cual pertenecían, por considerarse elementos clave para la comprensión de la posición que tuvieron en sus respectivas compañías. En el tercero se analizan los rangos militares de cada uno de los españoles integrantes del grupo de poder local y sus relaciones familiares. En el cuarto el interés se centra en los hispanos, miembros de las compañías expedicionarias, en su activi- dad y en las alianzas sociales que establecieron. Por último, se presentan algunas consideraciones generales del proceso migratorio del grupo hispano estudiado y de su actividad militar.The Presence of Spanish Militiamen and Members of the Expeditionary Forces in Xalapa, 1812-1835The article studies different activities of diverse actors in the city of Xalapa dur- ing and after Independence. It take account of the cities environment. Then it studies the origins of Spanish immigrants. Thirdly, the relationships between these inhanitants is studied. Finally, the text studies the expeditionary forces and alliances formed.
Sobre: Félix Báez-Jorge, Olor de santidad. San Rafael Guízar y Valencia: articulaciones históricas, políticas y simbólicas de una devoción popular
Authors: Muñoz Mario , Velasco Toro José
Published: January 2023

Hace tres años, en el 2003, el doctor Félix Báez-Jorge publicó el libro titu- lado: Los disfraces del diablo (Ensayo sobre la reinterpretación de la noción cristiana del mal en Mesoamérica) en donde dirimía la metamorfosis del Mal en el imaginario cristiano y su trasplante a las culturas mesoamericanas. Ahora, con la agudeza crítica que caracteriza a su trabajo de investigación, nos ofrece un análisis exhaustivo sobre la personalidad de don Rafael Guízar y Valencia en el marco histórico que le tocó vivir y realizar su apostolado. Olor de santidad es un título opuesto a Los disfraces del diablo, sin lugar a dudas. Confron- tando ambos libros puede parecer curioso que las temáticas se con- trasten a primera vista: del mal a la virtud hay de por medio un abismo.
Sobre: Juan Antonio Flores Martos, Portales de múcara. Una etnografía del puerto de Veracruz
Authors: Báez-Jorge Félix
Published: January 2023

Es evidente que la notable tarea etnográfica realizada por Flores Martos es resultado de su contextura intelectual (que transciende el marco disciplinario) y de su indiscutible habilidad en el trabajo de campo, que implicó múltiples entrevistas y la observación participante, superando los riesgos del mimetismo, como bien lo anota José Velasco Toro en el prefacio del libro. Se explica así su capacidad manifiesta para asomarse a la “cultura íntima” de personas y grupos pertenecientes a diversas clases sociales, descubriendo la razón de ser de múltiples fachadas y dramatizaciones simbólicas: del rejuego de “la calle” a la dialéctica de lo abierto-cerrado que se expresa en la fantasía del “amurallamiento” “desmurallamiento”, saga del imaginario que alcanza su clímax durante el carnaval, que clausura las rachas huracanadas del imprescindible “norte”.
Sobre: Luis Pérez Milicua, La República Mexicana. Veracruz. Reseña Geográfica y Estadística
Authors: García Aguirre Feliciano
Published: January 2023

La obra es evocativa en varios sentidos. Refiere aquellos momentos históricos en los cuales éramos colonia española, pero también enfatiza el progreso alcanzado con la fundación de la república. Eran tiempos en los cuales estaban presentes en la memoria colectiva los avatares de la construcción del Estado-nación mexicano. Por eso la obra testimonia las grandes obras constructivas, la modernización de los transportes, la entrada de capitales, la pródiga naturaleza, etcétera. Asimismo, la lectura a contrapelo de la obra, de lo que se muestra y de lo que se oculta, permite dimensionar la lucha revolucionaria que depondría al régimen porfirista, justo en el momento en que se celebraba el primer centenario de la Independencia.
Avatares y descarrilamiento del proyecto agrario liberal. Disolución de la propiedad comunal y modernización agrícola en Los Tuxtlas, 1880-1910
Authors: Léonard Eric
Published: January 2023

En forma recurrente desde el siglo XIX, la reflexión económica sobre el desarrollo ha puesto énfasis en la definición y la seguridad de los derechos de propiedad. El presente artículo propone una evaluación crítica de la política de disolución de las propiedades comunales y de emisión de títulos de propiedad individuad impulsada por los liberales mexicanos a finales del siglo XIX. Dicha política se llevó a cabo en un contexto de integración comercial de la agricultura campesina, comparable por su velocidad y magnitud con el proceso iniciado en 1994 con la ratificación del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN). El artículo se interesa en la gestión local del proceso de fraccionamiento y reducción a propiedad individual del “común” municipal de San Andrés Tuxtla, y en el posterior desarrollo del mercado de tierras. Examina el impacto de dicho desarrollo sobre las estructuras de producción campesina y su dinámica, en referencia a trayectorias ejemplares de emergencia, consolidación y frecuente ocaso de explotaciones familiares de tipo comercial. Failures and Misadventures of the Liberal Agrarian Project. The Dissolution of Communal Property and the Modernization of Agriculture in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, 1880-1910 Since the 19th century, the issue of property rights and their enforcement has remained at the top of the scientific and political agendas on development. This paper proposes a critical evaluation of the policy of the issue of individual land deeds and the dissolution of communal property, implemented by Mexican liberal governments in the late 19th century. This policy was drawn up in a context of rapid economic integration of Indian peasant farms, similar in many aspects to the process set under way with the North America Free Trade Agreement (Nafta). The paper focusses on the way the division and the issue of deeds of San Andres Tuxtla’s municipal “commons”, in Southern Veracruz, was managed, and on the further development of the local land market. Based on notarial archives revision, it analyzes the impact of this land market on farm structures and its dynamics, refering to specific trajectories of birth, consolidation and, in many cases, bankruptcy of family commercial farms.
Una lectura sobre la historia reciente del Sotavento a través de sus variaciones demográficas
Authors: Palma Grayeb Rafael
Published: January 2023

A partir de las informaciones censales del siglo XX se presenta una discusión sobre las evoluciones demográficas que vivió el sur del estado de Veracruz en el transcurso de dicha centuria. Se consideran dos momentos que corresponden a grandes etapas demográficas: la fase de crecimiento (hasta la década de 1990) y sus antecedentes inmediatos, y la fase de estancamiento y pérdida poblacional que caracterizó al territorio en su conjunto durante los años noventa y que continúa hasta nuestros días. Finalmente se discute sobre las diversas variaciones demográficas que vivieron los centros urbanos y el papel de éstos dentro de las dinámicas regionales actuales. A Reading of Recent History of the Sotavento from the Perspective of Demographic VariationsTaking census information of the 20th century as a basis, a discussion on the demographic evolutions is presented for the case of south of the State of Veracruz. Two moments, which correspond to large demographic periods, are considered here: the phase of growth (up until the 1990s) and its immediate antecedents; the phase of stagnation and population loss that has characterized the territory since the 1990s. Finally the diverse demographic variations lived in urban areas are discussed, leading to the consideration of their role in present regional dynamics.
Cambios en un frente pionero: mercado de tierras y ganaderización en las colonias agrícolas de Playa Vicente (Veracruz)
Authors: Tallet Bernard
Published: January 2023

Dentro del marco de la política de “marcha al mar” en el trópico mexicano, amplios espacios del sur del estado de Veracruz fueron integrados, a partir de los años cincuenta, a movimientos de colonización agrícola que constituyeron nuevos frentes pioneros. En este contexto, el estudio de las colonias agrícolas y ganaderas formadas en el municipio de Playa Vicente, abordado en este artículo, permite mostrar la forma en que una repartición agraria, teóricamente igualitaria (división en lotes uniformes de 50 hectáreas), esconde el desigual juego de fuerzas de apropiación de la tierra que ocurre desde esos años. Posteriormente, el cambio constitucional de 1992 contribuiría a evidenciar la competencia entre grandes propietarios y pequeños o medianos colonos, éstos últimos puestos al margen de un sistema dominante que tiende a reforzar las actividades ganaderas. Change on the Frontier: the Land Market and Cattle Ranching on the Agricultural Colonies of Playa Vicente, VeraruzSince the 1950s, the policy known as the “march to the sea” incorporated extensive portions of the south of Veracruz State within the scheme of agricultural colonies, thus opening up pioneering spaces. In this context, the study of the agricultural cattle colonies formed in the municipality of Playa Vicente shows the way in which a theoretically equal agrarian distribution (division in uniform lots of 50 hectares), hides the forces at work towards an unequal appropriation of land during the period of agrarian reform. Subsequently, the constitutional change of 1992 contributed to show the competition between large and small owners or medium colonists, the latter situated on the edge of the dominant system which tends to reinforce cattle activities over agriculture.
Braceros veracruzanos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Skerrit Gardner David
Published: January 2023

El artículo presenta el análisis de una base de datos elaborada sobre la contratación de trabajadores veracruzanos para el Programa Bracero durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Contempla la distribución geográfica de los trabajadores reclutados, sus oficios y sus edades; estudia además la relación entre las solicitudes y la intervención de organizaciones sociales, instituciones y personajes políticos. El análisis pretende extraer algunas relaciones entre estos perfiles de la migración, por un lado, y la estructura económica y la movilidad de la población trabajadora en la entidad, por el otro. Concluye con algunas consideraciones sobre el proceso histórico de migración y el fenómeno contemporáneo de éxodo acelerado que tiene lugar en Veracruz Veracruz Braceros during the Second World WarThe article presents an analysis of a data base constructed around the employment of Veracruz workers for the Bracero programme during the Second World War. It takes up the geographical distribution of the labourers who were signed up, their trades, and ages: also it considers the relationship between workers’ petitions and the intervention of social organisations, political institutions and personages. The analysis attempts to tease out relationships between these profiles of migration on the one hand, and economic structure and mobility, on the other. The text concludes with some thoughts on the historical process of migration and the contemporary phenomenon of a mass exodus from Veracruz.
Sobre: Leonardo López Luján, David Carrasco, Lourdes Cué (coords.), Arqueología e Historia del Centro de México. Homenaje a Eduardo Matos Moctezuma
Authors: Báez-Jorge Félix
Published: January 2023

Arqueología e Historia del Centro de México es resultado de las Jornadas Académicas en honor del profesor Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, que en 2003 se realizaran en el Museo Nacional de Antropología, auspiciadas por el Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) y el Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos de la Universidad de Harvard. Sus 664 páginas reúnen contribuciones de más de cuarenta especialistas, merecido reconocimiento a una de las figuras cimeras de la arqueología mexicana. En el texto de presentación Leonardo López Luján, David Carrasco y Lourdes Cué (coordinadores de esta importante obra) explican que las ponencias no constituyen un conjunto misceláneo de artículos inconexos. En sentido diferente, las aportaciones se articulan en torno a dos ejes temáticos: las áreas de los estudios mesoamericanos en las que Matos Moctezuma ha realizado sus más relevantes reflexiones, y la arqueología e historia del centro de México.
Sobre: América Molina del Villar y David Navarrete Gómez (coords.), Problemas demográficos vistos desde la historia. Análisis de fuentes, comportamientos y distribución de la población en México, siglos XVI–XIX
Authors: Ordóñez López César Augusto
Published: January 2023

El trabajo de demografía histórica en México tiene un campo prometedor y vasto, tal como lo muestran América Molina del Villar y David Navarrete Gómez al coordinar este libro de ensayos. Pero aclaran que si bien los estudios de carácter demográfico no son algo nuevo, éstos deben ser tomados como base para la comprensión de la realidad histórica. Apuntan que el análisis demográfico es tomado con cautela intentando no caer en la demografía cuantitativa tradicional. El libro lo componen ocho ensayos en los que diversos especialistas analizan el problema de las fuentes existentes y las metodologías para la realización de estudios de demografía histórica sobre movilidad de la población, mortalidad, migración y familia. Todos y cada uno de los autores analizan las fuentes consultadas y hacen patente los problemas a los que se enfrentan al correlacionar las fuentes civiles y parroquiales. Argumentan que una de las grandes limitaciones tiene que ver con la carencia de fuentes viables pues las existentes sufren un sesgo, según la intención con que fueron recopiladas en su momento.
Lealtad y privilegios. La participación de la república de indios de Xalapa en la guerra de independencia, 1810-1824
Authors: García Ruiz Luis Juventino
Published: January 2023

Mientras los actores indígenas en la insurgencia de 1810-1821 han capturado la imaginación de muchos historiadores en los últimos años, entender su postura política requiere dirigir la atención hacia su papel dentro de las fuerzas leales a la Corona. El apoyo de la comunidad indígena de Xalapa hacia el ejército realista durante la guerra fue esencial para la supervivencia y eventual recuperación de esa causa en el Veracruz central. Este artículo describe la naturaleza y los motivos de los indios defensores del gobierno. La Corona española premió su lealtad y buen desempeño con privilegios como fuero militar, indulto tributario y continuidad de su autonomía política. Las autoridades locales les garantizaron el derecho de establecer una “diputación”, con el propósito de representar sus intereses ante el ayuntamiento constitucional. La movilización armada de los indios no terminó después de la independencia. El gobierno nacional los mantuvo prestos al combate hasta 1824 a pesar de la creciente oposición de los líderes tradicionales de la comunidad indígena y del gobierno municipal de Xalapa.Palabras clave: Indios, guerra de Independencia, insurgencia, realistas, privilegios, diputación.
Problemas galicanos, soluciones afrancesadas: conventos, utilidad pública y politización en Veracruz, 1825-1850
Authors: Carbajal López David
Published: January 2023

Entre 1825 y 1850, diversos ideólogos, movimientos religiosos, documentos y procesos de la historia del catolicismo francés estuvieron presentes en las querellas y debates de tema religioso en el estado de Veracruz. La querella entre el párroco y los misioneros apostólicos de Orizaba (1825-1827), el debate entre la Legislatura estatal y el obispo de Puebla sobre la supresión de conventos (1833-1834), y el proyecto de la Congregación de San Felipe Neri (1850), nos muestran esa presencia a nivel ideológico en las representaciones y en los procesos comunes entre Francia y México. Ambos países compartían una misma problemática: la transformación del catolicismo en materia de opinión pública.Palabras clave: Liberalismo, opinión pública, galicanismo, jansenismo, conventos.
Ocupación y gobierno: el ejército frncés en Xalapa, 1862-1863
Authors: Strobel del Moral Héctor Manuel
Published: January 2023

En el contexto de las operaciones militares para ocupar México, el ejército francés ocupó Xalapa de noviembre de 1862 a enero de 1863. La ciudad vio entonces alterada su cotidianeidad, así como su organización política y administrativa. Los xalapeños tuvieron que adaptarse a una nueva serie de pautas, desde lidiar con el nuevo gobierno y atender las necesidades de sus “huéspedes”, hasta resentir las consecuencias del acantonamiento.Palabras clave: Xalapa, Intervención francesa en México, acantonamiento, gobierno municipal, guerra.
Tlacotalpan y el renacimiento del son jarocho en Sotavento
Authors: Paraiso Raquel
Published: January 2023

Sobre: Bernardo García Díaz, con la colaboración de Hilda Flores
Mujeres en la historia de la ciudad de Veracruz. Primera mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Domínguez Cuenca Daniel , Hernández Solís Tania
Published: January 2023

Sobre: Adriana Gil Maroño y María Luisa González Maroño, Mujeres en la historia de la ciudad de Veracruz. Primera mitad del siglo XX
Cultura e identidad indígena en Veracruz. juventudes en el Totonacapan en el siglo XXI
Authors: Díaz González Gualberto
Published: January 2023

Sobre: Ariel García Martínez, Cultura e identidad indígena en Veracruz: juventudes en el Totonacapan en el siglo XXI.
“Oiga el público verdades”: los panfletos de Fernández de Lizardi (1820-1827). PREMIO INTERNACIONAL DE HISTORIA INTELECTUAL DE AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Rocha Dallos Silvia Juliana
Published: January 2023

Este artículo reconstruye la posición del campo literario lizardino dentro del campo de poder mexicano, con el fin de analizar las luchas entre los ostentadores de poder por la transformación del valor relativo de las especies de capital político-cultural entre 1820 y 1827. Se estudia la forma como Lizardi se apropia de la voz de los interlocutores que trascienden la censura política, para escribir diálogos panfletarios y realizar tomas de posición después de la coronación de Iturbide. Se analizan las tomas de posición como transformaciones posibilitadas por el encuentro entre las intenciones subversivas de una fracción de productores y las expectativas del público (Bourdieu).Palabras clave: Tomas de posición, José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi, México, campo político, campo cultural, diálogos panfletarios.
Liberalización económica y caña de azúcar: tres estudios de caso en México
Authors: Thiébaut Virginie
Published: January 2023

Apoyado por el Estado durante décadas, el cultivo de la caña de azúcar ha sufrido de las medidas consecuentes a la liberalización económica a partir de 1980. El objetivo del artículo es comparar las estrategias adoptadas por los productores en regiones cañeras con condiciones geográficas y evoluciones históricas diferentes, en los estados de Michoacán, Veracruz y Oaxaca. La diversidad de situaciones —la fuerte competencia con un cultivo de exportación (la zarzamora); la diversificación con maíz y potreros en pequeñas superficies; la expansión del cultivo en nuevos terrenos— se atenuó a partir del año 2008, para dejar lugar a la reconquista o estabilización del cultivo, como consecuencia de un fuerte incremento del precio de la caña. Los cambios observados parecen vinculados con las políticas adoptadas por los grupos empresariales azucareros, y no depender tanto de la división noroeste/sureste que predomina en la agricultura en México. Economic Liberalization and Sugar Cane: Three Cases of a Study in MexicoAlthough supported by the Mexican State for many decades, sugar cane production has suffered as a consequence of the economic liberalization  measures adopted in the 1980s. The aim of this article is to compare sugar cane producers’ strategies from different geographical and historical backgrounds in the states of Michoacán, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. The differences among the three specific areas (the strong competition from an alternative export crop such as blackberries, the diversification of crops with corn and pasture in small lots, and the extension of sugar cane to new territories) has lessened since 2008, permitting the return or stabilization of the sugar cane crop, as a result of a strong increase in sugar prices. The observed changes may be linked to the policies adopted by groups of sugar enterprises and are not explained by the northwest/southeast division that dominates the country’s agriculture.
Azúcar e historia de una trayectoria familiar: Jesús Lara Enríquez, Tlacotalpan, 1869-1938
Authors: Montero García Luis Alberto , Sagahón Canales Laura Rocío
Published: January 2023

En este ensayo se aborda la historia de una de las familias más ricas de comerciantes y hacendados de Tlacotalpan encabezada por Jesús Lara Enríquez, quien acumuló su fortuna a través del comercio en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y cuyos lazos de amistad y parentesco llegaron hasta las sedes del poder estatal y nacional: el Palacio de Gobierno en Xalapa (Juan de la Luz Enríquez Lara) y el Palacio Nacional (Porfirio Díaz). Dada la notoriedad evidente de este linaje decimonónico, se expone aquí la genealogía de la familia, los vínculos políticos con el poder estatal y nacional, el giro mercantil de la casa comercial, los bienesadquiridos —entre los que destaca el ingenio San Antonio—, la adjudicación de la herencia del matrimonio Lara Lagos, la fundación de la sociedad familiar Sucesión de Jesús Lara Enríquez y los créditos hipotecarios que ésta adquirió en los años veinte del siglo pasado. Sugar and Family History: Jesús Lara Enríquez, Tlacotalpan, 1869-1936This essay encompasses the history of Jesús Lara Enríquez and his heirs, one of the wealthiest merchant and landowning families of Tlacotalpan. The founding patriarch accumulated his fortune as a merchant during the second half of the nineteenth century when he enjoyed influence that reached the very seats of both state and national power by virtue of his ties of kinship to the governor of Veracruz, Juan de la Luz Enríquez Lara, and friendship with President Porfirio Díaz. Given the notoriety of this nineteenth century lineage, this article describes the family’s genealogy, its political connections with state and national leaders, the commercial dealings of its trading house, the properties it acquired —most notably the San Antonio sugar mill— the adjudication of the inheritance of the Lara Lagos marriage, the establishment of the family trust “Heirs of Jesús Lara Enríquez” and the mortgages that this trust took on during the decade of the 1920s.
Sobre: Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, Grandes hallazgos de la arqueología. De la muerte a la inmortalidad
Authors: Vargas Montero Guadalupe
Published: January 2023

Eduardo Matos Moctezuma es uno de los académicos más prestigiados y reconocidos internacionalmente por sus aportaciones relacionadas con la fenomenología que envuelve a la muerte entre los grupos mexicas del Posclásico Tardío mesoamericano. En esta ocasión nos ofrece un texto que nos lleva de la mano al conocimiento de las tumbas más emblemáticas de la Antigüedad: el viaje en el tiempo por Egipto, Mesopotamia, China y Mesoamérica se convierte, a través de la lectura, en un verdadero placer.
Sobre: Adriana Naveda Chávez-Hita y Enrique Florescano (coords.), Historia general de Córdoba y su región
Authors: Rivera Pernia Ernesto
Published: January 2023

La villa de Córdoba se fundó en un lugar en que no había nadie viviendo en ese momento; todos los cordobeses tenemos algo en común: o somos migrantes o descendemos de ellos, vinieron de todas las provincias de España, de los pueblos indígenas de la zona, algunos africanos denominados congos, lucumi, mandinga, jolofe y bambara, posteriormente llegaron otros como italianos, franceses, alemanes, chinos, sirios, libaneses, cubanos, estadounidenses, ingleses y de todas las regiones de nuestro actual país. Lo cosmopolita de nuestra ciudad se resume en una frase que escuche hace años: Cordobés es el que ayer llegó como el aquí nació.
Sobre: Julio Ortega Bobadilla, Foucault ante Freud
Authors: Zavaleta Betancourt José Alfredo
Published: January 2023

Desde el título, Foucault ante Freud es un texto elíptico. Quizá debería titularse Foucault contra Freud o bien Freud ante Foucault o, mejor, Freud a pesar de Foucault. Ortega describe el contexto de las relaciones discursivas de Foucault con mÚltiples autores que lo influyeron: modelos ejempla- res, mentores o aliados, y es vasta la información que utiliza para reconstruir el contexto de esta lucha discursiva.
Cañaverales, trapiches e ingenios en México. Dinámicas históricas y procesos actuales
Authors: Thiébaut Virginie , Montero García Luis Alberto
Published: January 2023

Para entender los múltiples aspectos relacionados con la caña de azúcar y sus problemáticas es imprescindible un acercamiento multidisciplinario. Sólo el trabajo conjunto de diferentes especialistas de las ciencias sociales —sociólogos, historiadores, geógrafos y ecólogos— permite abarcar estas problemáticas distintas y analizar las dinámicas relacionadas con el cultivo, la agroindustria, pero también la esclavitud y los problemas de medio ambiente.
FORMING PROFESSIONAL DIGITAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS OF ENGINEERING AND PEDAGOGICAL SPECIALITIES OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PROFILE IN TERMS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION’S INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: LAVRENTIEVA OLENA LAVRENTIEVA
Published: January 2023

The article singles out the urgent problem of updating the content of the professional training of the vocational education pedagogues, which, from the modern point of view, should cover the issues of organizing the educational process in the digital environment, the features of the “digital generation” and the methods of their education and upbringing. The readiness to introduce ideas about the digital transformation of the agricultural sector in the content of such specialists' digital competence has been expediency taken into account. The essence and content of the professional digital competence of future vocational education pedagogues for the agro-industrial area and its essential components have been revealed. It has been found such competence can be interpreted as a certain level of specialist's readiness to communicate, associate and collaborate safely, develop digital educational resources and solve professional problems with ICT and tools. The complex systemic nature of the professional digital competence of the future vocational education pedagogues in the agro-industrial profile has been emphasised. In its structure, general, didactic, and professionally oriented components have been distinguished, as well as production-technological and special profile aspects, which reflect the specifics of professional training of specialists for the agro-industrial sector, have been shown. The structure of students' digital competence in engineering and pedagogical specialities for the agro-industrial profile presented as structural and criteria-based components including motivational, informational, instrumental and reflective ones has been substantiated and described. It is the digital educational environment of the higher education institution that is defined as the leading resource supplying this process. Such an environment provides communication, feedback with students, management of their educational activities and vocational training, the construction of a professional educational space, the implementation of network interdisciplinary research and pedagogical support for the students' professional self-determination due to the understanding of the possibilities of professional growth in the information space. The main approaches to using the educational, developmental and educative potential of the digital environment of the higher education institution and open educational space have been revealed. It has been concluded regarding the expediency of application technologies of STEM education, blockchain, telepresence, artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, provisions of innovative engineering education CDIO in the formation of future specialists' professional digital competence.
UNIVERSAL APPROACH TO TERRITORY ASSESSMENT
Authors:   Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Perovych Lev , Perovych Ihor ,   West Ukrainian National University, Vanchura Roman ,   West Ukrainian National University, Smoliy Kateryna ,   West Ukrainian National University
Published: January 2023

Assessment of the quality of individual parts of the earth's surface (territories) always causes a certain scientific and practical interest and is the basis of people's daily life. Therefore, the study of processes and the development of methods for assessing the quality of territories always remain an important problem, especially when the process of functional zoning of the territory of Ukraine begins.The task of the research is to develop a universal algorithm for the assessment of territories based on the determination of its quality index and the possibility of using it to establish the value of territories in monetary terms, which will allow state authorities and local governments to effectively develop projects of functional zoning of territories. In world practice, three main methodical approaches are used to determine the value index of territories. All methodical approaches are based on threecomponents: socio-economic, natural and ecological quality, sustainability of agricultural landscapes.The research methodology is based on the methods of mathematical statistics and a systematic analytical approach to the selection of indicators of influence on the territory value index. The purpose of this publication is to develop a methodical approach capable of unifying the procedure for evaluating territories with different functional purposes.In this publication, a fundamentally new approach to the evaluation of territories in Ukraine is proposed, which is based on the territory quality index indicator. At the same time, with the established value of territories in monetary terms, thismethodical approach expands the capabilities of local self-government authority, as they set the price of a unit of area of the corresponding territory by their decision.The proposed methodological approach is universal, which allows its using for territories of various functional purposes, including different categories of land, which greatly simplifies the assessment procedure.
EFFICIENCY OF USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS IN THE POTENTIAL OF LAND RESOURCES OF VINYNAT REGION
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Hulko Oleksandra
Published: January 2023

The following development and improvement in land relations in the village economy has meaning in the implementation of the state policy, which is aimed at ecological and technologically-secured use of land, which corresponds to the definitions for a clearly regulated and oriented market economyIn Ukraine, a system of economic incentives is fixed at the legislative level. They aim to increase the interest of land users in the optimal use of their land and improve the ecological condition of the land. In particular, if the owner, at his own expense, has carried out measures provided for by national and regional land protection programs, he can receive tax and credit benefits.Effective land use is formed by three interrelated components, each of which ensures the performance of certain social functions and requires the implementation of a set of appropriate land protection measures.Research has established that the main measures to increase soil fertility in this region are the rational use oforganic and mineral fertilizers, the implementation of biological fertilizer practices, the cultivation of perennial plants, and the introduction of measures to combat wind and water erosion.Carrying out the listed works requires significant financial costs. Therefore, we consider it expedient to carry them out in stages, which will increase the effectiveness of measures for the conservation and land reclamation of the Vinnytsia region and rationally distribute the financial resources of the state and local budgets, as well as the funds of landowners and land users.Therefore, we consider it expedient to carry them out in stages, which will increase the effectiveness of measures for the conservation and land reclamation of the Vinnytsia region and rationally distribute the financial resources of the state and local budgets, as well as the funds of landowners and land users.The main source of forest amelioration works should be funds from the state and local budgets. Landfilling works should be financed mainly from the funds of landowners and land users.
The Descent of Inana and the Rape of Persephone: a Study of Two Literary Sources on the Myths of Death and Resurrection
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Kozhevnikov Mikhail
Published: January 2023

The article deals with two literary works originating from two highly distinct traditions: ancient Sumerian and Greek. Despite their different origins, the two works in question, “The Descent of Inana to the Underworld” and Homeric Hymn “To Demeter”, share several key features, which thematically connect them to Greek Mystery cults: topics of death and possibility of salvation, mysteries of the underworld, which can be transcended by means of initiation rites, aetiological connection between the death and rebirth of a fertility deity and agricultural fertility of the land. Based on the assumption that these two sources can be identified as apocalypses and given the widespread correlation between formal literary complexity and philosophical (or theological) depth found in apocalyptic literature (especially in Judeo-Christian tradition), this paper seeks to establish the same correlation in Greco-Sumerian and, more precisely, Eleusinian milieu. However, the final analyses proves the opposite of the initial hypothesized conclusion.
On the construction of a bridle with cheek-pieces of an early type, spread from Mycenae to China in the second millennium BCE
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Shulga Petr , Shulga Daniil ,   Siberian Institute of Management – the branch of Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: January 2023

Reconstruction of the device of the earliest bridle of the period of domestication of the horse in IV-III millennium BCE in the territory of steppe and forest steppe Eurasia is still a special problem. We have only horn (bone) cheek-pieces in the steppes of the early stage, and in Greece, Anterior Asia, Egypt and the Caucasus – bronze cheek-pieces and bit, on which it is impossible to establish the arrangement of the bridle reliably. In our view, the appearance on the cheek-pieces of the frame for fastening the «sub-directional» belt is connected with the use of bit. Thanks to it, the cheek-pieces together with the bit were attracted down to the toothless part of the jaw. This device did not allow the horse to eat and bite the belt bit. It acted like the North American Indians' simple belt loop device, which covered the toothless portion of the horse’s mandible. Such an assignment could have characteristic frames on bronze discus cheek-pieces from Mycenae and Anterior Asia, or oblong side openings on horny shield cheek-pieces from steppe Eurasia.
Pilate's Trial, or The Man Facing a Choice
Authors:   National Research University «Higher School of Economics», Kocherov Sergey
Published: January 2023

This article explores the circumstances of Pontius Pilate's trial of Jesus Christ and the motives that prompted Pilate to hand down the death verdict. The author has tried to present the course of the trial in the confrontation of the interests of particular people and the complexity of the historical situation, without which Pilate's behavior and his sentence receive a simplistic explanation. It is argued that although Philo of Alexandria and Josephus Flavius in their writings depicted Pilate as a cruel and implacable persecutor of their people, his actions were quite rational and driven by the interests of the Roman Empire as understood by its viceroy. The view that Pilate was inconsistent and ambiguous during the trial is refuted. Political interests, legal peculiarities and moral factors that influenced his decision are analyzed. This removes the traditional accusation that Pilate's verdict was motivated by fear of the wrath of the emperor Tiberius, something the high priests threatened him with.
The Anti-Ethics of Socrates: Plato versus Aristotle
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Protopopova Irina
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this article is to compare the ethics that can be found in Plato’s Socrates with the ethics of Aristotle in the context of Plato’s and Aristotle’s understanding of the good. The first part analyzes Aristotle’s understanding of ethics. He proceeds from the fact that there is no good in itself, there are many of them. The highest good, according to Aristotle, is the good of polis; his ethics is determined by politics. The highest happiness is to live according to virtue; moral (ethical) virtue (ἀρετὴ ἠθικὴ) can be taught by suggestion and repetition of certain actions; the nature of virtue is connected with the middle, it is necessary to avoid both excess and lack of passions and actions in order to acquire the habit of sticking to the middle. The second part demonstrates the difference between Aristotelian and Platonic concepts of virtue. For Plato, the main thing is the good in itself, which is beyond being (ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐσίας), but at the same time it is the cause of all things, the cognizable and cognition as such (R. 509b6–10). Accordingly, the good of polis for him is by no means the topmost good; in general, polis and politics are only one of the levels of the so-called visible realm of existence, where opinion rules. Since the good itself goes beyond the limits of existence, a person striving for it must go beyond the limits of existence, and his own self: such transcendence is described in the dialogues “Symposium”, “Phaedrus”, “Phaedo”; in the “Symposium”, it is emphasized that only this transcendence allows to give birth to a genuine virtue, and not merely a ghost of it. Thus, virtue according to Plato can in no way be the middle, and it is also impossible to teach it; it is in this sense that the views of Plato’s Socrates may be called anti-ethics (the word “ethics” in Plato does not exist at all).
A.N. Egunov's «Outlines» for the translation of Plato's «Symposium»
Authors:   The Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Svetlov Roman , Shmonin Dmitry ,   St Petersburg State University
Published: January 2023

The archive of A. N. Egunov, a prominent Russian writer, poet, and scholar, includes unpublished fragments of his translation of the dialogue «Symposium». These fragments were prepared during his work on the 1965 edition of Plato's Selected Dialogues. Egunov carefully researched the then available translations of the «Symposium» and concluded that none of them met the requirements of a modern edition. He prepared recommendations for future translators and gave some excerpts of his own translation as a sample. In the publication we offer one of these fragments, the speech of Pausanias, as well as A. N. Egunov's discussion of the correct translation in Russian of the term "πάνδημος", one of the epithets of the goddess Aphrodite.
Autolycus of Pitane. On Risings and Settings. Russian translation and commentary
Authors:   Independent researcher, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Rushkin Ilia
Published: January 2023

Autolycus of Pitane was a Greek mathematician and astronomer of the second half of the IV century BC. Two of his treatises are extant: “On the Moving Sphere” and “On Risings and Settings”. They are among the earliest extant mathematical Greek texts. We offer a commented Russian translation of the second treatise. To our knowledge, this is the first Russian publication of this text. Our Russian translation of “On the Moving Sphere” was published earlier.
Odysseus and the self-inflicted wound. Mythical tale and temporality
Authors:   Universidad Panamericana, Calabrese Claudio , Junco Ethel ,   Universidad Panamericana
Published: January 2023

In our work, we show that Helen's recollection of Odysseus' self-inflicted wound places us in an eternal present, emerging "from" and disappearing "in" the nature of the Homeric hexameter, et retour, to create and recreate semantic spaces that make possible the return of the hero and the heroic action, giving the temporal correlation an unexpected meaning through the past-future /future-past correspondence.
Plato’s Critique of Scientific Management in Charmides
Authors:   Sacred Heart University, Knies Kenneth
Published: January 2023

I discover resources in Plato’s Charmides for a critique of management as a form of knowledge. After interpreting in a practical register Critias’ idea of a science that would comprehend all sciences without understanding any of their objects (166c – 175a), I argue that the paradoxes with which Socrates confronts this idea can be overcome. With reference to F.W. Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management, I show how this overcoming depends upon transforming productive activity so that it no longer requires the knowledge of products that characterizes techne. As Socrates foresaw, a science that has all ways of working as its object must have somehow expropriated work of its own proper objects.
Musical materials for the Yakut song volume
Authors:   Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North SB RAS, Mukhopleva S. D. , Khaltanova A. D. ,   Bosikov Higher School of Music of the Republic of Sakha
Published: January 2023

The work on the volume “Yakut Folk Songs” began in 1984. During this period, Yakut folklorists presented two versions of the volume for consideration by the Main Editorial Board of the academic bilingual series “Monuments of Folklore of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East”, which were not approved. The third version is being prepared. The volume compilers first encountered the problem of the antithesis “Handwritten archival text of a folk song / Audio recording of a folk song”. The authors of the previous two versions of the volume had only audio materials from the integrated expedition of 1986, 1987. Therefore, their versions of volumes were a revised version of the first scientific publication of folk songs of 1976–1983 with new handwritten texts and inediths. The third version audio samples were selected from different audio collections of the 50–60s of the 20th century, 1986, 1987, and 21st century. These audio materials were recorded not only by folklorists, philologists, ethnomusicologists but also by radio workers. In this regard, two questions arose. The first was the issue of including handwritten texts of folk songs. Many samples have been “numbing” for centuries (samples of the song system of an early period). The second issue was filing the expeditionary materials. The authors have analyzed one sample. A conclusion was drawn that the pauses and errors of the performer should be considered in the context of the execution environment.
Russian lexical borrowings in the southern dialect of the Bashkir language
Authors:   Institute of History, Language and Literature UFRC RAS, Khisamitdinova F. G.
Published: January 2023

The issues of Russian lexical borrowings (rusisms) in the Bashkir language dialects and subdialects have not been addressed yet. Dictionaries and monographs on the Bashkir language dialects and subdialects describe specific dialectal loanwords without providing a dialectal analysis of loanwords and the specific features of their adaptation and functioning in the Bashkir language dialects and subdialects. Meanwhile, studying rusisms in dialects and subdialects can elucidate both the dialectal lexicology and the formation history of the lexical, phonetic, and grammatical features of a particular Turkic language. Investigating rusisms in dialects and subdialects of Turkic languages, including Bashkir, is also relevant for the Russian language dialectology: the chronology of individual borrowings. It is worth studying the Bashkir language southern dialect widespread in the southern regions of modern Bashkortostan, Bashkir-speaking regions of Orenburg, Samara, and Saratov regions of Russia. Historically located in the very center of the Orenburg province, this territory bordered the provincial city of Orenburg and by the late 18th and early 19th centuries became one of the administrative, political, economic, and trade centers. It was then that Russian loanwords and lexemes of European languages began to actively penetrate the Bashkir dialects. These borrowings constitute a considerable group, thematically related to household, administrative and managerial, military- marching, and agricultural spheres. All rusisms underwent adaptation to the norms of the Bashkir language Southern dialect, e.g., Russian lexemes with hard-row vowels in the southern dialect have front-row vowels. South Russian dialects are considered the dominant source of the Bashkir language southern dialect lexical borrowings.