bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-modal Dataset of a Polycrystalline Metallic Material: 3D Microstructure and Deformation Fields
Authors: Stinville J. C. , Hestroffer J. M. , Charpagne M. A. , Polonsky A. T. , Echlin M. P. , Torbet C. J. , Valle V. , Nygren K. E. , Miller M. P. , Klaas O. , Loghin A. , Beyerlein I. J. , Pollock T. M.
Published: August 2022

The development of high-fidelity mechanical property prediction models for the design of polycrystalline materials relies on large volumes of microstructural feature data. Concurrently, at these same scales, the deformation fields that develop during mechanical loading can be highly heterogeneous. Spatially correlated measurements of 3D microstructure and the ensuing deformation fields at the micro-scale would provide highly valuable insight into the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic mechanical response. They would also provide direct validation for numerical simulations that can guide and speed up the design of new materials and microstructures. However, to date, such data have been rare. Here, a one-of-a-kind, multi-modal dataset is presented that combines recent state-of-the-art experimental developments in 3D tomography and high-resolution deformation field measurements.
Effect of the side of presentation in the visual field on phase-locked and nonphase-locked alpha and gamma responses
Authors: Sarrias-Arrabal Esteban , Martín-Clemente Ruben , Galvao-Carmona Alejandro , Benítez-Lugo María Luisa , Vázquez-Marrufo Manuel
Published: August 2022

Recent studies have suggested that nonphase-locked activity can reveal cognitive mechanisms that cannot be observed in phase-locked activity. In fact, we describe a concomitant decrease in nonphase-locked alpha activity (desynchronization) when stimuli were processed (alpha phase-locked modulation). This desynchronization may represent a reduction in “background activity” in the visual cortex that facilitates stimulus processing. Alternatively, nonphase-locked gamma activity has been hypothesized to be an index of shifts in attentional focus. In this study, our main aim was to confirm these potential roles for nonphase-locked alpha and gamma activities with a lateralized Go/NoGo paradigm. The results showed that nonphase-locked alpha modulation is bilaterally represented in the scalp compared to the contralateral distribution of the phase-locked response. This finding suggests that the decrease in background activity is not limited to neural areas directly involved in the visual processing of stimuli. Additionally, gamma activity showed a higher desynchronization of nonphase-locked activity in the ipsilateral hemisphere, where the phase-locked activity reached the minimum amplitude. This finding suggests that the possible functions of nonphase-locked gamma activity extend beyond shifts in attentional focus and could represent an attentional filter reducing the gamma representation in the visual area irrelevant to the task.
Evaluation of subsurface transport processes of delayed gas signatures applicable to underground nuclear explosions
Authors: Carrigan Charles R. , Sun Yunwei , Antoun Tarabay
Published: August 2022

Radioactive gas signatures from underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) result from gas-migration processes occurring in the subsurface. The processes considered in this study either drive or retard upward migration of gases from the detonation cavity. The relative importance of these processes is evaluated by simulating subsurface transport in a dual-permeability medium for the multi-tracer Noble Gas Migration Experiment (NGME) originally intended to study some aspects of transport from a UNE. For this experiment, relevant driving processes include weak two-phase convection driven by the geothermal gradient, over pressuring of the detonation cavity, and barometric pumping while gas sorption, dissolution, radioactive decay, and usually diffusion represent retarding processes. From deterministic simulations we found that over-pressuring of the post-detonation chimney coupled with barometric pumping produced a synergistic effect amplifying the tracer-gas reaching the surface. Bounding simulations indicated that the sorption and dissolution of gases, tending to retard transport, were much smaller than anticipated by earlier laboratory studies. The NGME observations themselves show that differences in gas diffusivity have a larger effect on influencing upward transport than do the combined effects of tracer-gas sorption and dissolution, which is consistent with a Sobol’ sensitivity analysis. Both deterministic simulations and those considering parametric uncertainties of transport-related properties predict that the excess in concentration of SF$$_6$$

6

compared to $$^{127}$$

127

Xe as might be captured in small volumetric samples should be much smaller than the order-of-magnitude contrast found in the large-volume gas samples taken at the site. While extraction of large-volume subsurface gas samples is shown to be capable of distorting in situ gas compositions, the highly variable injection rate of SF$$_6$$

6

into the detonation cavity relative to that of $$^{127}$$

127

Xe at the start of the field experiment is the most likely explanation for the large difference in observed concentrations.
Clinical characteristics, radiological features, and disease severity of bronchiectasis according to the spirometric pattern
Authors: Kim Sun-Hyung , Yang Bumhee , Yoo Jin Young , Cho Jun Yeun , Kang Hyeran , Shin Yoon Mi , Kim Eung-Gook , Lee Ki Man , Choe Kang Hyeon
Published: August 2022

Bronchiectasis show various ventilatory disorders in pulmonary function. The characteristics and severity of patients with bronchiectasis according to these pulmonary dysfunctions are still very limited. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiologic feature and the disease severity of patients with bronchiectasis according to spirometric patterns. We retrospectively evaluated 506 patients with bronchiectasis who underwent pulmonary lung function test (PFT) at a referral hospital between 2014 to 2021. The results showed that cylindrical type was the most common (70.8%) type of bronchiectasis on chest Computed tomography (CT), and 70% of patients had bilateral lung involvement. On the other hand, obstructive ventilatory disorder was the most common (51.6%), followed by normal ventilation (30%) and restrictive ventilatory disorder (18.4%). The modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) was highest in patients with obstructive ventilatory disorders, Modified Reiff score [median (interquartile range)] [6 (3–10), P < 0.001], FACED (FEV1, Age, Chronic colonization, Extension, and Dyspnea) score [3 (1–4), P < 0.001], and Bronchiectasis Severity (BSI) score [8 (5–11), P < 0.001] showed significantly highest values of obstructive ventilatory disorder rather than restrictive ventilatory disorder and normal ventilation. More than half of patients with bronchiectasis had obstructive ventilatory disorder. Bronchiectasis with obstructive ventilatory disorders has more dyspnea symptom, more disease severity and more radiologic severity. There was no significant association between spirometric pattern and radiologic type, but the more severe the radiologic severity, the more severe the lung function impairment.
Cross-sectional associations of personal efforts and beliefs and depressive symptoms among older adults in India
Authors: Saravanakumar Priya , Muhammad T. , Srivastava Shobhit
Published: August 2022

Whilst there is growing evidence on the increased vulnerability of older adults to depression, there is limited research on potentially mitigative factors against symptoms of depression at a population level. This research examined associations of possible protective factors (personal efforts and beliefs) and depressive symptoms among older adults in India. This cross-sectional study used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India with 31,464 respondents aged 60 years and above. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multivariable linear regression was used while exploring the associated factors of depressive symptoms. The mean score of depressive symptoms was 2.94 (CI 2.92, 2.96). Older adults who engaged in moderate [aCoef: −0.11, CI −0.18, −0.05], vigorous [aCoef: −0.09, CI −0.16, −0.03], or both types of physical activity [aCoef: −0.10, CI −0.19, −0.02] had lower likelihood of depressive symptoms in comparison to those who were physically inactive. Older adults who participated in social activities were less likely to have depressive symptoms [aCoef: −0.44, CI −0.50, −0.39] compared to their socially inactive counterparts. Further, older adults who perceived religion as very important [aCoef: −0.29, CI −0.41, −0.17], who had high life satisfaction [aCoef: −0.78, CI −0.82, −0.73], who had good self-perceived health [aCoef: −0.29, CI −0.33, −0.25] and those who had high self-perceived social standing [aCoef: −0.39, CI −0.47, −0.31] had lower likelihood of depressive symptoms in comparison to their respective counterparts. Physical activity, social participation, voluntary work and financial contribution to family, religiosity, life satisfaction, self-perceived health and self-perceived social standing are associated with lower likelihood of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in this study. Future longitudinal studies should explore these factors that can guide interventions against depression in old age.
Postural control through force plate measurements in female AIS patients compared to their able-bodied peers
Authors: Piątek-Krzywicka Elżbieta , Borzucka Dorota , Kuczyński Michał
Published: August 2022

The present understanding of the mechanisms responsible for postural deficit in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is still insufficient. This is important because some authors see one of the causes of this disease in the impaired postural control. Moreover, there is a reciprocal link between the level of postural imbalance and the clinical picture of these people. Therefore, we compared the center-of-pressure (COP) indices of 24 patients with AIS to 48 controls (CON) during four 20-s quiet stance trials with eyes open (EO) or closed (EC) and on firm or foam surface. This included sway amplitude, speed, sample entropy and fractal dimension. AIS had poorer postural steadiness only in the most difficult trial. In the remaining trials, AIS did as well as CON, while presenting a greater COP entropy than CON. Thus, the factor that made both groups perform equally could be the increased sway irregularity in AIS, which is often linked to higher automaticity and lower attention involvement in balance control. After changing the surface from hard to foam, puzzling changes in sway fractality were revealed. The patients decreased the fractal dimension in the sagittal plane identically to the CON in the frontal plane. This may suggest some problems with the perception of body axes in patients and reveals a hitherto unknown cause of their balance deficit.
A three-component difunctionalization of N-alkenyl amides via organophotoredox radical-polar crossover
Authors: Dhungana Roshan K. , Granados Albert , Sharique Mohammed , Majhi Jadab , Molander Gary A.
Published: August 2022

Herein, we report a three-component organophotoredox coupling of N-alkenyl amides with α-bromocarbonyls and various nucleophiles.
Profoundly improved photostability of dimetronidazole by cocrystallization
Authors: Hao Xinghui , Li Jinhui , Wang Chenguang , Zhao Xinghua , He Xin , Sun Changquan Calvin
Published: August 2022

Cocrystallization with saccharine (SAC) significantly improved photostability of dimetronidazole (DMZ), an veterinary antibiotic.
Electrochemically stimulated protein release from pH–switchable electrode–immobilized nitroavidin–biotin and avidin–iminobiotin systems
Authors: Badenhorst Ronaldo , Katz Evgeny , Smutok Oleh
Published: August 2022

Bovine serum albumin (BSA), used as a model protein, was immobilized on a buckypaper electrode by formation of covalent bonds with avidin/iminobiotin or nitroavidin/biotin complexes.
Preparation, characterization, evaluation and mechanistic study of organic polymer nano-photocatalysts for solar fuel production
Authors: Pavliuk Mariia V. , Wrede Sina , Liu Aijie , Brnovic Andjela , Wang Sicong , Axelsson Martin , Tian Haining
Published: August 2022

This review provides the guidelines and knowledge gained so far on current strategies used to prepare, optimize and investigate polymer nanoparticles for fuel production, highlighting the future directions of polymer nano-photocatalyst development.
Unravelling the benefits of transition-metal-co-doping in lanthanide upconversion nanoparticles
Authors: Mohanty Sonali , Kaczmarek Anna M.
Published: August 2022

In this review we provide an overview of the current knowledge on lanthanide upconversion materials co-doped with transition metals. We focus on how the co-dopants affect the host lattice and the energy transfer processes.
Homoleptic Ni(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes as pre-catalysts for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Kumar Pal Sarvesh , Singh Baghendra , Yadav Jitendra Kumar , Yadav Chote Lal , Drew Michael G. B. , Singh Nanhai , Indra Arindam , Kumar Kamlesh
Published: August 2022

Functionalized Ni(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes act as pre-catalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 M KOH and active catalyst, Ni(O)OH produces a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 330 mV.
Customising the plunge-freezing workflow for challenging conditions
Authors: Hands-Portman Ian , Bakker Saskia E.
Published: August 2022

Modifications to a commercial plunge-freezer are described, enabling temperature-sensitive, light-sensitive and oxygen-sensitive samples to be frozen for analysis by cryo-TEM.
Interfacial catalysis and lignin nanoparticles for strong fire- and water-resistant composite adhesives
Authors: Henn K. Alexander , Forssell Susanna , Pietiläinen Antti , Forsman Nina , Smal Ira , Nousiainen Paula , Bangalore Ashok Rahul Prasad , Oinas Pekka , Österberg Monika
Published: August 2022

Lignin was epoxidized using interfacial catalysis, which improved the reaction speed and solubility immensely. Epoxidized lignin was cured with lignin particles into thermosets that could be used as a strong adhesive or fire-resistant coating.
Simulation-guided analysis of resonant soft X-ray scattering for determining the microstructure of triblock copolymers
Authors: Reynolds Veronica G. , Callan Devon H. , Saurabh Kumar , Murphy Elizabeth A. , Albanese Kaitlin R. , Chen Yan-Qiao , Wu Claire , Gann Eliot , Hawker Craig J. , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar , Bates Christopher M. , Chabinyc Michael L.
Published: August 2022

Resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSoXS) probes structure with chemical sensitivity that is useful for determining the morphology of multiblock copolymers.
Hierarchical electrostatic nanotemplating and self-assembly of electron-transferring hybrid nanostructures: CdS–polymer–porphyrin particles
Authors: Wagner Maximilian , Strassert Cristian A. , Gröhn Franziska
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a versatile route to functional multi-component nanostructures by a hierarchical electrostatic nanotemplating – self-assembly approach: CdS–polyelectrolyte–porphyrin structures are formed in aqueous solution.
Advances in constructing silver nanowire-based conductive pathways for flexible and stretchable electronics
Authors: Yang Yuanhang , Duan Shun , Zhao Hong
Published: August 2022

This review surveys up-to-date advances in the development of AgNW-based flexible and stretchable electronics, including fabrication methods, strategies to enhance the conductivity of AgNW network, as well as applications and future perspectives.
Construction and excellent photoelectric synergistic anticorrosion performance of Z-scheme carbon nitride/tungsten oxide heterojunctions
Authors: Ge Yunxiao , Guo Xiaojiao , Zhou Dan , Liu Jinku
Published: August 2022

The heterojunction anticorrosion mechanism: (a) photoelectric reduction effect of CN/WO, (b) steric repulsion effect of CN/WO, (c) adsorption shielding effect of CN/WO, and (d) the possible interfacial contact process of 60CN/W18O49.
Controllable reconstruction of copper nanowires into nanotubes for efficient electrocatalytic nitrate conversion into ammonia
Authors: Li Chunjie , Liu Songliang , Xu You , Ren Tianlun , Guo Yanan , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: August 2022

Hierarchical nanosheet-based Cu nanotubes were prepared and their enhanced electrocatalytic activity and high selectivity for nitrate reduction to ammonia are demonstrated.
Intra Q-body: an antibody-based fluorogenic probe for intracellular proteins that allows live cell imaging and sorting
Authors: Dai Yancen , Sato Yuko , Zhu Bo , Kitaguchi Tetsuya , Kimura Hiroshi , Ghadessy Farid J. , Ueda Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

A fluorescent immunosensor that lights up tumor biomarker p53 in living cells was developed based on the Q-body technology. The technology was further applied to the live cell monitoring of p53 levels, and live cell sorting based on p53 expression.
Venous and Arterial Thrombosis in Ambulatory and Discharged COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mansory Eman M. , Abu-Farhaneh Mohammed , Iansavitchene Alla , Lazo-Langner Alejandro
Published: August 2022

Introduction Venous and arterial thromboses are frequently observed complications in patients with severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection who require hospital admission. In this study, we evaluate the epidemiology of venous and arterial thrombosis events in ambulatory and postdischarge patients with COVID-19 infection.

Materials and Method EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched up to July 21, 2021, in addition to other sources. We included studies that assessed the epidemiology of venous and arterial thrombosis events in ambulatory and postdischarge COVID-19 patients.

Results A total of 16 studies (102,779 patients) were identified. The overall proportion of venous thromboembolic events in all patients, that is, ambulatory and postdischarge, was 0.80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–1.28), 0.28% (95% CI: 0.07–0.64), and 1.16% (95% CI: 0.69–1.74), respectively. Arterial events occurred in 0.75% (95% CI: 0.27–1.47) of all patients, 1.45% (95% CI: 1.10–1.86) of postdischarge patients, and 0.23% (95% CI: 0.019–0.66) of ambulatory patients. The pooled incidence rate estimates per 1,000 patient-days for VTE events were 0.06 (95% CI: 0.03–0.08) and 0.12 (95% CI: 0.07–0.19) for outpatients and postdischarge, respectively, whereas for arterial events were 0.10 (95% CI: 0–0.30) and 0.26 (95% CI: 0.16–0.37).

Conclusion This study found a low risk of venous and arterial thrombi in ambulatory and postdischarge COVID-19 patients, with a higher risk in postdischarge patients compared with ambulatory patients. This suggests that regular universal thromboprophylaxis in these patient populations is probably not necessary.
Can Empirical Segmental Angioembolization of Splenic Artery Salvage Pancreatic Intraluminal Bleed?
Authors: Sreejith Sreekumar , Rajan Ramesh , Natesan Bonny , RS Sindhu , Jineesh V. , Jayadevan E. R.
Published: August 2022

Background Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) and Hemosuccus Pancreaticus (HP) may present with slow but significant intraluminal bleed which may not be evident on imaging. We evaluated the efficacy of empirical segmental-angioembolization of splenic artery in intraluminal PPH and HP.

Result This is a cross-sectional study done by analyzing all consecutive patients with PPH and HP who underwent empirical coil embolization of splenic artery. There were total of 137 pancreaticoduodenectomies (PD), 68 distal pancreatectomies (DP), 11 patients with median pancreatectomies (MP) and 134 admissions for acute pancreatitis and exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis during the study period. Eleven (5.1%) patients had PPH, of which two were managed surgically. Among nine patients, 4/9 (44.4%) with pseudoaneurysm on computed tomography angiography (CTA) were excluded. Among pancreatitis, 7 (5.2%) had HP, and 5/7 (71.4%) patients with pseudoaneurysm on CTA were excluded. Hence, seven patients, PPH—5 and HP—2, were included. Both HP patients were managed successfully with empirical segmental coil embolization of splenic artery. Among PPH, one patient required laparotomy for failed embolization. Overall, 6/7 (85.7%) had successful coil embolization. No reintervention, continued bleed, or blood transfusions were required postprocedure, and no splenic infarct or abscess was seen in any of the seven patients postembolization. The 72-hour rebleed rate was 1/7 (14.3%), which was managed surgically.

Conclusion Empirical segmental coil embolization of splenic artery in intraluminal pancreatic bleed holds promise as a salvage life-saving procedure even when no blush or pseudoaneurysm is evident.
Silicon carbide for integrated photonics
Authors: Yi Ailun , Wang Chengli , Zhou Liping , Zhu Yifan , Zhang Shibin , You Tiangui , Zhang Jiaxiang , Ou Xin
Published: August 2022

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on lithographically patterned waveguides provide a scalable approach for manipulating photonic bits, enabling seminal demonstrations of a wide range of photonic technologies with desired complexity and stability. While the next generation of applications such as ultra-high speed optical transceivers, neuromorphic computing and terabit-scale communications demand further lower power consumption and higher operating frequency. Complementing the leading silicon-based material platforms, the third-generation semiconductor, silicon carbide (SiC), offers a significant opportunity toward the advanced development of PICs in terms of its broadest range of functionalities, including wide bandgap, high optical nonlinearities, high refractive index, controllable artificial spin defects and complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible fabrication process. The superior properties of SiC have enabled a plethora of nano-photonic explorations, such as waveguides, micro-cavities, nonlinear frequency converters and optically-active spin defects. This remarkable progress has prompted the rapid development of advanced SiC PICs for both classical and quantum applications. Here, we provide an overview of SiC-based integrated photonics, presenting the latest progress on investigating its basic optoelectronic properties, as well as the recent developments in the fabrication of several typical approaches for light confinement structures that form the basic building blocks for low-loss, multi-functional and industry-compatible integrated photonic platform. Moreover, recent works employing SiC as optically-readable spin hosts for quantum information applications are also summarized and highlighted. As a still-developing integrated photonic platform, prospects and challenges of utilizing SiC material platforms in the field of integrated photonics are also discussed.
Self-pulsing and chaos in the asymmetrically driven dissipative photonic Bose–Hubbard dimer: A bifurcation analysis
Authors: Yelo-Sarrión Jesús , Leo Francois , Gorza Simon-Pierre , Parra-Rivas Pedro
Published: August 2022

We perform a systematic study of the temporal dynamics emerging in the asymmetrically driven dissipative Bose–Hubbard dimer model. This model successfully describes the nonlinear dynamics of photonic diatomic molecules in linearly coupled Kerr resonators coherently excited by a single laser beam. Such temporal dynamics may include self-pulsing oscillations, period doubled oscillatory states, chaotic dynamics, and spikes. We have thoroughly characterized such dynamical states, their origin, and their regions of stability by applying bifurcation analysis and dynamical system theory. This approach has allowed us to identify and classify the instabilities, which are responsible for the appearance of different types of temporal dynamics.
Phototransferred thermoluminescence of CaF2: Principles, analytical methods, and mechanisms
Authors: Chithambo M. L.
Published: August 2022

Phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) of natural fluorite induced by 470 nm blue-, 525 nm green-, and 870 nm infrared light is reported. Although its conventional thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve measured during heating to 600 °C has six peaks, only five are reproduced under phototransfer. One of them corresponds to a hole trap. The sixth peak counterintuitively increases in intensity with illumination in a change suggestive of competition effects involving deep electron traps. The dependence of PTTL intensity on duration of illumination for each PTTL peak is analyzed using phenomenological and kinetic models as systems of acceptors and donors with the number of the latter informed by experiment. The intensity of PTTL increases with the temperature of illumination with an activation energy of thermal assistance of 0.14 ± 0.01 eV and decreases at elevated temperatures with an activation energy of thermal quenching of 1.1 ± 0.3 eV. The long-term behavior of time-response profiles and the interaction of holes with stimulated electrons as studied by stability theory show unstable critical points. Supplementary tests show that exposing CaF2 to UV illumination achieves the same effect as beta irradiation, and any resultant peaks relate to conventional TL rather than phototransfer.
Low-concentration antibiotic detection in water based on enhanced photothermal effect
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Miao Yinping , Zhang Hongmin , Yao Jianquan
Published: August 2022

Streptomycin sulfate (STS) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely present in water as a source of pollution. STS produces ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity if ingested in excess. Here, we propose a photothermal sensor to detect contaminated water based on a Nb2CTx MXene integrated few-mode fiber coupler (FMFC) and the photothermal effect of STS. Nb2CTx MXene exhibits strong absorption ability for biomolecules, which can enhance the interaction between STS and light by depositing it on the surface of the FMFC, thereby improving the detection performance of the proposed sensor. Under irradiation of a 405 nm laser, the photon energy is absorbed by STS and converted into heat energy, changing the transmission characteristics of the few-mode fiber. The results show that the sensitivity reaches 210.66 nm/(mg/ml) in the linear range of 0.02–0.1 mg/ml, with a detection limit of 94.93 ng/ml. In practical applications, the photothermal effect is stimulated by natural light to improve the suitability of the device application. Furthermore, this photothermal sensor eliminates complicated sample processing, making it potentially applicable for real-time food safety, environmental pollutant detection, and disease diagnosis.
Stable enhancement-mode operation in GaN transistor based on LiNiO junction tri-gate
Authors: Wang Taifang , Zong Yuan , Nela Luca , Matioli Elison
Published: August 2022

In this work, we demonstrate p-type lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO) as a heterojunction gate combined with tri-gate structures to achieve stable enhancement-mode (e-mode) AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors. The low deposition temperature (400 °C) and high-quality LiNiO coated by pulsed-laser-deposition over tri-gate structures resulted in enhancement-mode devices without the need for special epitaxial layers, barrier recess, or barrier regrowth. The LiNiO heterojunction tri-gate devices presented a positive VTH of 0.7 V (at 1 μA/mm), a low on-resistance of 8 Ω· mm, a large maximum on-current of 390 mA/mm, a high breakdown voltage of 1270 V, and excellent reliability simultaneously.
Annealing glasses by cyclic shear deformation
Authors: Das Pallabi , Parmar Anshul D. S. , Sastry Srikanth
Published: August 2022

A major challenge in simulating glassy systems is the ability to generate configurations that may be found in equilibrium at sufficiently low temperatures, in order to probe static and dynamic behavior close to the glass transition. A variety of approaches have recently explored ways of surmounting this obstacle. Here, we explore the possibility of employing mechanical agitation, in the form of cyclic shear deformation, to generate low energy configurations in a model glass former. We perform shear deformation simulations over a range of temperatures, shear rates, and strain amplitudes. We find that shear deformation induces faster relaxation toward low energy configurations, or overaging, in simulations at sufficiently low temperatures, consistently with previous results for athermal shear. However, for temperatures at which simulations can be run until a steady state is reached with or without shear deformation, we find that the inclusion of shear deformation does not result in any speed up of the relaxation toward low energy configurations. Although we find the configurations from shear simulations to have properties indistinguishable from an equilibrium ensemble, the cyclic shear procedure does not guarantee that we generate an equilibrium ensemble at a desired temperature. In order to ensure equilibrium sampling, we develop a hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm that employs cyclic shear as a trial generation step and has acceptance probabilities that depend not only on the change in internal energy but also on the heat dissipated (equivalently, work done). We show that such an algorithm, indeed, generates an equilibrium ensemble.
Polarization manipulation of giant photonic spin Hall effect using wave-guiding effect
Authors: Baitha Monu Nath , Kim Kyoungsik
Published: August 2022

The enhanced photonic spin Hall effect was previously possible only for the horizontal polarization (H-polarized) in plasmonic systems. The wave-guiding surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) effect is used to report a giant photonic spin Hall effect (G-PSHE) of reflected light for horizontal and vertical polarized waves. This novel work investigated the polarization-manipulated G-PSHE in the modified Kretschmann configuration with an additional glass dielectric thin wave-guiding layer. The ultrathin gold layer and an additional dielectric wave-guiding layer are responsible for achieving millimeter-scale (more than 2 mm to submillimeter) G-PSHE. With this novel approach, polarization manipulation is achieved by employing wave-guiding and the SPR effect. Using a finite element method based simulation study, the impact of an additional thin dielectric wave-guiding layer on G-PSHE is investigated. This study enables the potential application of both horizontal and vertical polarization-based quantum devices and sensors for which light spin plays a pivotal role.
Features of far-downstream asymptotic velocity fluctuations in a round jet: A one-dimensional turbulence study
Authors: Sharma Sparsh , Klein Marten , Schmidt Heiko
Published: August 2022

An accurate prediction of the turbulent jet noise is usually only possible with direct numerical simulation (DNS) or high-resolution large-eddy simulation (LES) of the turbulent sources in the acoustic near field. The required level of fidelity comes at the price of high numerical resolution requirements, a severe restriction of the accessible parameter space, and high computational costs in general. These limitations can be partially mitigated by reduced-order models. In the present work, the stochastic one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model is utilized as a stand-alone tool in order to study turbulent fluctuations in the far downstream region of turbulent round jets with finite co-flow velocity. ODT is a dimensionally reduced turbulence model that aims to resolve flow-field over a broad range of scales and, thus, the turbulent noise sources at all relevant scales, but only for a single, radially oriented, physical coordinate that is advected downstream with the flow during a simulation run. Here, unheated round jets with nozzle diameter D, nominal Mach number Ma = 0.9 but Reynolds number ReD∈{9×104,2×105,4×105} are studied as a canonical problem. An ensemble of ODT realizations is used to obtain flow statistics from a detailed representation of fluctuations that may be used to estimate turbulent noise by small-scale resolved sources in the near future. As the first step in this direction, we analyze the model representation of the flow field and the participating flow scales in detail. This is done even far downstream of the nozzle, which is not possible with high-resolution LES or DNS. The present ODT results agree well with the available reference data. The model accurately reproduces the asymptotic mean and fluctuating velocity behavior, and radial turbulence spectra of the jet that approximately obey large-scale jet similarity but are modified by axially decreasing the turbulence intensity. Based on these results, an outlook on the model application for turbulent jet noise prediction is given.
Tunable terahertz phase shifter based on GaAs semiconductor technology
Authors: Muravev V. M. , Shuvaev A. , Astrakhantseva A. S. , Gusikhin P. A. , Kukushkin I. V. , Pimenov A.
Published: August 2022

We devised an electronically controllable plasmonic modulator capable of changing the phase of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. It is based on a well-established GaAs semiconductor technology. We demonstrate the phase tunability of the device over the range of up to 41° at the insertion loss of −2.2 dB. The phase shifter operates at frequencies of up to 0.27 THz and temperatures of up to 80 K. The design is readily scalable to a planar phased array—a key component in beamforming technologies used in THz communication.
College instructors adapt their teaching to prevent cheating
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: August 2022

Pressures, isolation, and the temptation of easy online answers are changing why and how students cheat.
Multienzyme complex in rations containing whole rice bran for newly weaned piglets
Authors: Molino Juliano Pelição , Soares Rita da Trindade Ribeiro Nobre , Vieira Ricardo Augusto Mendonça , Pires Bolzan Raphael , Vargas Junior José Geraldo , de Oliveira Rodrigo Fortunato
Published: August 2022

Context The feeding of pigs raised in an intensive system has been made, in general, with rations formulated using corn and soybean meal as the main ingredients. Brown rice bran, a by-product of the processing of rice grains for human consumption, presents itself as an alternative for total or partial replacement. Aims The objective of the present study was to observe the effects of including 10% of whole rice bran (WRB), adding 0.02% exogenous multienzyme complex (MC) and changing the levels of metabolisable energy and available phosphorus (ME.aP) together in rations for newly weaned piglets. Methods Digestibility and metabolisability of the rations, as well as zootechnical performance, were evaluated using 24 and 144 animals respectively, distributed in randomised blocks in time, with eight treatments, in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme. Three repetitions were used in the metabolism essay, with one animal housed per cage, and six repetitions were made in the performance test, with three animals per stall, which was considered the experimental unit. Digestibility and metabolisability coefficients, weight gain and feed intake, as well as feed efficiency, were evaluated. Key results The results showed that the inclusion of WRB reduced the digestibility and metabolisability coefficients of the rations, while the addition of MC provided an improvement in these indexes. The performance test showed that the inclusion of WRB worsened (P < 0.05) the feed efficiency. Conclusions and implications The multienzyme complex improves the digestibility and metabolisability of experimental rations, although it does not influence the performance of piglets in the nursery phase.
Response characteristics of highland barley (
Authors: Qu Yan , Bao Guozhang , Pan Xinyu , Bao Lan , Guo Jiancai , Xi Jinghui , Zhang Xin , Yang Yinan , Zhao Hongwei , Li Guomei
Published: August 2022

In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, crops are commonly subjected to freeze–thaw and salt stress factors simultaneously, and allelopathy is common, which affects the growth of highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the largest food crop in Tibet. In order to explore the effects of artemisinin, salt and freeze–thaw (FAS) stress on physiological characteristics of highland barley seedlings, hydroponic experiment was carried out with the addition of 20 mg/L artemisinin and 150 mM NaCl as well as the simulation of freeze–thaw environment. The results suggested that under combined stress, the soluble protein content in combined stresses of artemisinin, FAS increased by 97.8%, the variation of relative conductivity in FAS group was lower than that in combined salt and freeze–thaw stress (FS), the relative water content decreased significantly (P < 0.05), the malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 and soluble sugar content in FAS group accumulated but less than those in FS group, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in combined artemisinin and freeze–thaw stress (FA) and FAS groups decreased. In addition, after freeze–thaw treatment, photosynthesis was weakened, and internal CO2 conentration (Ci) in FAS group significantly decreased (P < 0.05). This study proved that appropriate amount of artemisinin can alleviate the damage of salt and freeze–thaw stress on barley seedlings.
Pivotal voting: The opportunity to tip group decisions skews juries and other voting outcomes
Authors: Davenport Diag , Winet Yuji K.
Published: August 2022

Many important social and policy decisions are made by small groups of people (e.g., juries, college admissions officers, or corporate boards) with the hope that a collective process will yield better and fairer decisions. In many instances, it is possible for these groups to fail to reach a decision by not garnering a minimum number of votes (e.g., hung juries). Our research finds that pivotal voters vote to avoid such decision failure—voters who can “tip” their group into a punishment decision will be more likely to do so. This effect is distinct from well-known social pressures to simply conform with others or reach unanimity. Using observational data from Louisiana court cases, we find a sharp discontinuity in juries’ voting decisions at the threshold between indecision and conviction (Study 1). In a third-party punishment paradigm, pivotal voters were more likely to vote to punish a target than nonpivotal voters, even when holding social information constant (Study 2), and adopted harsher views about the target's deservingness of punishment (Study 3). Using vignettes, we find that pivotal voters are judged to be differentially responsible for the outcomes of their votes—those who “block” the group from reaching a punishment decision are deemed more responsible for the outcome than those who “fall in line” (Study 4). These findings provide insight into how we might improve group decision-making environments to ensure that their outcomes accurately reflect group members’ actual beliefs and not the influence of social pressures.
International treaties have mostly failed to produce their intended effects
Authors: Hoffman Steven J. , Baral Prativa , Rogers Van Katwyk Susan , Sritharan Lathika , Hughsam Matthew , Randhawa Harkanwal , Lin Gigi , Campbell Sophie , Campus Brooke , Dantas Maria , Foroughian Neda , Groux Gaëlle , Gunn Elliot , Guyatt Gordon , Habibi Roojin , Karabit Mina , Karir Aneesh , Kruja Krista , Lavis John N. , Lee Olivia , Li Binxi , Nagi Ranjana , Naicker Kiyuri , Røttingen John-Arne , Sahar Nicola , Srivastava Archita , Tejpar Ali , Tran Maxwell , Zhang Yu-qing , Zhou Qi , Poirier Mathieu J. P.
Published: August 2022

There are over 250,000 international treaties that aim to foster global cooperation. But are treaties actually helpful for addressing global challenges? This systematic field-wide evidence synthesis of 224 primary studies and meta-analysis of the higher-quality 82 studies finds treaties have mostly failed to produce their intended effects. The only exceptions are treaties governing international trade and finance, which consistently produced intended effects. We also found evidence that impactful treaties achieve their effects through socialization and normative processes rather than longer-term legal processes and that enforcement mechanisms are the only modifiable treaty design choice with the potential to improve the effectiveness of treaties governing environmental, human rights, humanitarian, maritime, and security policy domains. This evidence synthesis raises doubts about the value of international treaties that neither regulate trade or finance nor contain enforcement mechanisms.
Machine learning–based inverse design for electrochemically controlled microscopic gradients of O
2
and H
2
O
2
Authors: Chen Yi , Wang Jingyu , Hoar Benjamin B. , Lu Shengtao , Liu Chong
Published: August 2022

A fundamental understanding of extracellular microenvironments of O
2
and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H
2
O
2
, ubiquitous in microbiology, demands high-throughput methods of mimicking, controlling, and perturbing gradients of O
2
and H
2
O
2
at microscopic scale with high spatiotemporal precision. However, there is a paucity of high-throughput strategies of microenvironment design, and it remains challenging to achieve O
2
and H
2
O
2
heterogeneities with microbiologically desirable spatiotemporal resolutions. Here, we report the inverse design, based on machine learning (ML), of electrochemically generated microscopic O
2
and H
2
O
2
profiles relevant for microbiology. Microwire arrays with suitably designed electrochemical catalysts enable the independent control of O
2
and H
2
O
2
profiles with spatial resolution of ∼10
1
μm and temporal resolution of ∼10° s. Neural networks aided by data augmentation inversely design the experimental conditions needed for targeted O
2
and H
2
O
2
microenvironments while being two orders of magnitude faster than experimental explorations. Interfacing ML-based inverse design with electrochemically controlled concentration heterogeneity creates a viable fast-response platform toward better understanding the extracellular space with desirable spatiotemporal control.
Fic-mediated AMPylation tempers the unfolded protein response during physiological stress
Authors: Casey Amanda K. , Gray Hillery F. , Chimalapati Suneeta , Hernandez Genaro , Moehlman Andrew T. , Stewart Nathan , Fields Hazel A. , Gulen Burak , Servage Kelly A. , Stefanius Karoliina , Blevins Aubrie , Evers Bret M. , Krämer Helmut , Orth Kim
Published: August 2022

The proper balance of synthesis, folding, modification, and degradation of proteins, also known as protein homeostasis, is vital to cellular health and function. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated when the mechanisms maintaining protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum become overwhelmed. However, prolonged or strong UPR responses can result in elevated inflammation and cellular damage. Previously, we discovered that the enzyme filamentation induced by cyclic-AMP (Fic) can modulate the UPR response via posttranslational modification of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) by AMPylation during homeostasis and deAMPylation during stress. Loss of
fic
in
Drosophila
leads to vision defects and altered UPR activation in the fly eye. To investigate the importance of Fic-mediated AMPylation in a mammalian system, we generated a conditional null allele of
Fic
in mice and characterized the effect of
Fic
loss on the exocrine pancreas. Compared to controls,

Fic
−/−

mice exhibit elevated serum markers for pancreatic dysfunction and display enhanced UPR signaling in the exocrine pancreas in response to physiological and pharmacological stress. In addition, both

fic
−/−

flies and

Fic
−/−

mice show reduced capacity to recover from damage by stress that triggers the UPR. These findings show that Fic-mediated AMPylation acts as a molecular rheostat that is required to temper the UPR response in the mammalian pancreas during physiological stress. Based on these findings, we propose that repeated physiological stress in differentiated tissues requires this rheostat for tissue resilience and continued function over the lifetime of an animal.
Generation of isolated and polarized γ-ray pulse by few-cycle laser irradiating a nanofoil
Authors: Zhang Liang-Qi , Liu Ke , Tang Suo , Luo Wen , Zhao Jie , Zhang Hao , Yu Tong-Pu
Published: August 2022

An isolated ultra-short γ-ray pulse is a unique tool for measuring ultrafast-physics processes, such as imaging intra-nuclear dynamics and inner-shell electron dynamics. Here, we propose an all-optical efficient scheme for generating isolated ultra-short γ-ray pulse from a laser-driven nanofoil. When a few-cycle circularly polarized laser pulse with an intensity of 1022 W cm−2 irradiates a nanofoil, the electrons in the nanofoil are pushed forwards collectively, forming a single relativistic electron sheet (RES) with a charge of nC. The electrons are substantially accelerated to high energies by the super-ponderomotive force of the laser. Then, a counter-propagating laser pulse with a peak intensity of 1021 W cm−2 collides with the RES, resulting in the generation of an isolated sub-femtosecond γ-ray pulse via nonlinear Compton scattering. The effect of laser polarization on the polarization degree of γ-rays is investigated by using a proof-of-principle calculation. It is shown that a highly polarized isolated γ-ray pulse with a cut-off energy of 100 MeV can eventually be generated in a head-on collision configuration when the scattering laser is linearly polarized. Such an isolated ultra-short polarized γ-ray source would provide critical applications in high-energy physics, laboratory astrophysics and nuclear physics.
Development of sound absorbing tumbling unit for chips cleaning on transcase cell
Authors: Kore Sanket , Awate Nilesh , Meraj MD , Sortey Ashish
Published: August 2022

In the world of automation and industrial revolution it’s a need of industries that manual activities overtaken by machine activities. When it talks about automation, remind of industry 4.0 is a new production model where it focuses on interaction between human and machine which is also important to improve the means and efficiency of production. In this project it lightens such aspect of industry which may provide the advantages of improving productivity and quality while reducing processing time and increasing safety to the manufacturing process.

The project demonstrates a simple automation in cleaning process that eliminates manual intervention for industrial chips cleaning. It is not only impacting the quality of process but also improved the quality of product simultaneously. In most of the process, it is used separate dedicated cleaning machines to achieve desired output, while it also impacts on power consumption as well as time consumed in cleaning of that component. Improvement of quality as well as productivity simultaneously under production have been reported in this paper. Improvement of workstation hygiene by reducing workstation noise which generated from high pressurise air by damping it to some extents have been also reported in this paper. These are the nobility things of this paper.