bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características e incidencia en la gestión de máximos cuerpos colegiados de universidades argentinas: percepciones de expertos
Authors: Ganga-Contreras Francisco Anibal , Castillo Juan Antonio , Gallegos Ada Lucía
Published: September 2022

Son muchos los factores que inciden en el éxito de las organizaciones; en el caso de las universidades se habla por ejemplo de los recursos, talentos, redes de colaboración, meritocracia en todos los niveles y por supuesto un adecuado gobierno universitario. En esta perspectiva, este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo central analizar, desde la mirada de expertos, las peculiaridades que tienen los máximos cuerpos colegiados (mcc) de las universidades argentinas, con la finalidad de reflexionar en torno a la influencia que estas características ejercen en la respectiva gestión. Para ello se realiza una investigación de tipo exploratoria y cuantitativa, que cimienta su análisis en la opinión de expertos académicos integrantes de los diferentes claustros que componen el gobierno universitario, con especial consideración en la importancia brindada al cogobierno en Argentina. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron múltiples técnicas que incluyen estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Los resultados permiten identificar la potencial eficacia de las variables estudiadas como mecanismos alineadores y su coincidencia con lo prescripto por la Ley de Educación Superior. A su vez, se identifican diferencias significativas en la valoración del doble rol del rector como máximo ejecutivo y presidente del mcc y su impacto en la gestión universitaria.
Revisión de investigaciones sobre riesgo psicosocial en docentes universitarios
Authors: Roa-Cárdenas Fabio Lorenzo , González-Puebla Francisco Javier
Published: September 2022

La organización del trabajo, la realización de la tarea, el entorno escolar y familiar, las exigencias propias de la actividad y múltiples variables que convergen, hacen complejo el análisis de la problemática de salud psicosocial para este grupo poblacional. Como resultado del análisis bibliométrico, se describen los principales temas de investigación desarrollados y producidos en países de habla hispana, entre los años 2010 y 2019, disponibles en bases de datos como Scientific Electronic, Library Online (SciELO), ScienceDirect y Dialnet. Los resultados permiten determinar el comportamiento de las investigaciones de la última década en cuanto a un objeto de estudio común, dilucidando el origen de las publicaciones, las fuentes primarias, las características de los estudios, los instrumentos de evaluación utilizados, herramientas para el análisis de la información y propuestas de intervención. Entre las propuestas de intervención se resaltan las que hacen uso del método de Investigación Acción Participativa iap por permitir analizar y comprender mejor la realidad de la población objeto de estudio, aportando de manera positiva a la modificación de condiciones adversas motivando al empoderamiento, el aprendizaje y la toma de conciencia.
Alfabetización Mediática Informacional y Digital: evolución del concepto y perspectivas encontradas
Authors: Duque-Méndez Néstor Darío , Sánchez-Obando Jhon Wilder
Published: September 2022

La importancia del concepto Alfabetización Mediática Informacional y Digital (AMID), en los diferentes contextos sociales, radica en la capacidad crítica de los individuos y la sociedad frente a las fuentes de información con la que interactúan en sus actividades cotidianas. A pesar de la relevancia que revisten, hay una limitada producción académica relacionada con los enfoques, aplicaciones actuales y perspectivas próximas. Este artículo reporta la revisión de la literatura sobre amid considerando el factor mencionado anteriormente. En total se involucraron en el estudio 370 trabajos publicados entre 2001 y 2019 en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus, donde posteriormente se aplicó el algoritmo de Tree of Science (ToS) para identificar la literatura más relevante sobre el tema. Los resultados mostraron que el concepto amid presenta tres perspectivas: el concepto AMID y su uso en el sector salud, las noticias con sus efectos en la sociedad y la alfabetización como herramienta para validar la información. En el análisis de redes se resaltan, en los diferentes componentes del árbol, 10 trabajos para cada perspectiva que permitieron consolidar la discusión.
Concerns of Critical Mathematics Education – and of Ethnomathematics
Authors: Skovsmose Ole
Published: September 2022

Critical mathematics education can be characterized by its many concerns. I refer here to four of them connected to social justice and politics, power and mathematics, students’ future possibilities, and the socio-political structuring of education, all of which are interrelated and integrated. Those concerns are shared by much work done in ethnomathematics. However, to what extent an ethnomathematical study turns critical must be discussed in every case. I see the concerns of critical mathematics education as an important challenge to ethnomathematics.
Investigating the early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on modifiable risk factors for cancer and chronic disease: a repeated cross-sectional study in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Jessiman-Perreault Geneviève , Li Alvin , Frenette Nicole , Allen Scott Lisa
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study contributes to empirical evidence by examining the impact of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on modifiable risk factors (MRF) and whether these patterns differ according to level of material deprivation among people living in Alberta.

Methods

Using data from a repeated cross-sectional provincial health survey (Alberta Community Health Survey (ACHS): 2018–2021), we conducted logistic regression analyses examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on meeting national guidelines on four MRFs (tobacco use, physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, alcohol use) (n=11,249). We compared population-level changes in MRFs from one year before the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2019–February 2020) to one year during the pandemic (March 2020–February 2021) in Alberta. We also assessed whether these trends differed by a measure of material deprivation.

Results

Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, the fully adjusted odds of meeting recommended guidelines for fruit and vegetable consumption (OR=0.42) decreased during the pandemic. Individuals experiencing high material deprivation had lower odds of meeting recommended guidelines for physical activity (OR=0.65) and higher odds of not being current tobacco users (OR=1.36) during the pandemic versus during the pre-pandemic period.

Conclusion

At a population level, analyses from the ACHS showed minimal impacts of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic on MRFs, besides fruit and vegetable consumption. Yet, stratifying results showed statistically significant differences in pandemic impacts on MRFs by level of material deprivation. Therefore, understanding the influence of material deprivation on MRFs during the pandemic is key to tailoring future public health interventions promoting health and preventing cancer and chronic disease.
Top Down Proteomics Data Collection for Microdissected Pancreas Tissue Functional Units v1
Authors: M Fulcher James
Published: September 2022

The protocol describes how to use laser capture microdissection (LCM) to cut small regions of interest (~200-300 μm) from tissue sections. This is followed by top down proteomics analysis by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Setting a sequencing run with a nanopore MinION and the Rapid Sequencing gDNA kit (SQK-RAD004) v1
Authors: Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol
Published: September 2022

This protocol is to help in setting up a MinION sequencing run using the rapid sequencing kit from Nanopore (SQK-RAD004). It contains all steps and material need for a successful run. This kit is recommended for rapid preparation time and limited laboratory equipment. The output is lower than that generated by the ligation sequencing kit. preparation time approximately 15 minutes and require a minimum of 400 ng per reaction.
Time-lapse killing assay (monolayer - IncuCyte) v1
Authors: R Kennedy Philippa
Published: September 2022

Fluorescent target cells are plated in a monolayer in a 96 well plate. Effector cells are added to that plate and time-lapse imaging in combination with fluorescent indicators of cell death reveal the dynamics of target cell death.
Top Down Proteomics Data Collection for Microdissected Kidney Tissue Functional Units v1
Authors: M Fulcher James
Published: September 2022

The protocol describes how to use laser capture microdissection (LCM) to cut small regions of interest (~200-300 μm) from tissue sections. This is followed by top down proteomics analysis by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüklerinde çalışan işçi personelin özellikleri
Authors: ŞAFAK İsmail
Published: September 2022

Çalışmada Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren 12 Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğünde işçi kadrosunda bulunan personelin özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Veriler, Ormancılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüklerinde işçi kadrosunda bulunan 92 personel tarafından 2020 yılı Ekim-Aralık aylarında doldurulan anket formlarına dayanmaktadır. Araştırma işçilerinin %34,6’sı arazide, %36,5’i ofiste, %17,3’ü laboratuvarda, %7,7’si hem ofis hem de arazide ve %3,9’u ise sera ve fidanlıkta görev yapmaktadır. İşçilerin ortalama yaşı 46,8 olup en küçüğü 28, en büyüğü 63 yaşındadır. İşçilerin %21,7’si ilkokul, %19,6’sı ortaokul, %31,5’i lise, %9,8’i ön lisans, %12’si lisans, %5,4’ü yüksek lisans ve doktora eğitimine sahiptir. Ortalama görev süresi 21,5 yıldır. İşçilerin %42,4’ünün yaptığı görev ile ilgili bir sertifikası veya eğitim belgesi bulunmaktadır. İşçilerin %68,5’i mevcut görevleri haricinde kendilerine ek görev verilmediğini belirtmiştir. İşçilerin görevlerine göre iş tanımlarının ayrı ayrı yapılması ve yeni başlayan işçi personel için ormancılık araştırma enstitülerinde farklı konularda eğitim planlanması gerektiği önerilmiştir.
Identification of Acoustic Emission Sources in a Polymer Composite Material under Cycle Tension Loading
Authors:   Department of materials science and technology of new materials, Komsomolsk-na-Amure State University, Bryansky A.A. , Bashkov O.V. ,   Department of materials science and technology of new materials, Komsomolsk-na-Amure State University, Protsenko A.E. ,   Department of materials science and technology of new materials, Komsomolsk-na-Amure State University
Published: September 2022

The paper is devoted to identification damages which developing in the polymer composite material (PCM) structure during fatigue tests, based on the frequency components of the recorded acoustic emission (AE) signals. The objects of the study were specimens made of DION 9300 FR binder and 46 layers of T11- GVS9 fiberglass fabric. Mechanical tests were cyclic tension with AE recording. Fourier spectra for AE signals were calculated and used for the self-organizing Kohonen map (SOM) at the first stage of clustering. At the second stage, a k-means algorithm was used to find clusters with similar centroids and combine them. For the clusters obtained, their nature was determined from the peak frequencies and the periods of their critical accumulation were calculated. Additionally, the peak frequencies analysis of the wavelet decomposition levels was done.
Modeling of Threading Dislocation Density Reduction in AlN/Al2O3 Porous Heterostructure
Authors:   Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, University ITMO, Smirnov A.M. , Odnoblyudov M.A. ,   Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, University ITMO,   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Bougrov V.E. ,   Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, University ITMO, Romanov A.E. ,   Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, University ITMO
Published: September 2022

We analyze the possibility for reducing the density of threading dislocations (TDs) in a porous AlN films exploring numerical calculations of thermoelastic stresses and the reaction-kinetic model of dislocation interactions. We study the distributions of the normal and shear components of the thermoelastic stress tensor in AlN film with triangular pores grown on Al2O3 substrate. We find the pore parameters that affect the decrease in the TD density in the AlN film. We compare the results of theoretical calculations with experimental data on TD density reduction in porous AlN/Al2O3 heterostructures.
On the readiness of medical organizations to prevent the introduction and spread of dangerous infectious diseases
Authors: Nikiforov Vladimir V. , Suranova Tatiana G. , Mironov Andrey Yu.
Published: September 2022

The Ebola epidemic, the spread of HIV infection, the COVID-19 pandemic, climate warming, the activation of natural foci of dangerous infections, the destabilization of the situation in the world, and the threat of bioterrorism are the realities of today. Threats to biological safety are caused by the activation in the last decade of a number of biological risks, such as an increase in the probability of importation into the territory of the Russian Federation of rare or previously unknown infections, in particular polio caused by wild poliovirus, malaria, cholera, tuberculosis, and so forth; activation of natural foci of dangerous and especially dangerous infections; the spread of infections associated with the provision of medical care; the possibility of accidents or sabotage at facilities where work is carried out with pathogenic microorganisms, biological terrorism in all its manifestations.
Increasing the readiness of medical organizations to counter biological threats is one of the priorities for improving the biological security system of the country. The readiness of medical organizations is based on timely and effective sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures to prevent the introduction and spread of infectious diseases, including those capable of causing sanitary and epidemiological emergencies, and ensuring the safety of the population living in the adjacent territory.
This article is devoted to the issues of readiness of medical organizations to carry out measures in an emergency situation of a sanitary-epidemiological (biological) nature. Special attention is paid to the algorithm of actions of a medical worker in identifying a patient with cholera and smallpox monkeys.
Prevention and Interventional Strategies of Adolescent Obesity / Overweight
Authors: Munusamy G. , Shanmugam R.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: It’s a known factor that obesity and overweight among adolescentsare major emerging global health problems associated with morbidityand mortality throughout their life in developed and developing countries. There is evidence that reducing overweight and obesity by increasing awareness, self-efficacy, and contemplation to adopt a health-promoting lifestyle.The aim of this review how the theory and model used to reduce this burden through vicarious interventional activities among adolescence (10-19 years)in a school setting. Methods: A literature search was performed in four databases to identify published studies between January 2009 and December 2019. Randomized control trial exploring the multiple interventional effects on obesity and overweight by utilization of with or without theoretical constructs and outcome on body mass index. Results: Originally references searched were 2112 abstracts and full-text articles. The total population was 34,846 adolescents. Most of the multiple interventionshad little positive effect onphysical activity, dietary intake, and sedentary behavior changes directly on BMI. Only three studies show changes in behavior through theory. Minimal studies reported the involvement and motivation of parents, friends, and teachers for themselves and adolescents. Conclusion: The contemporary review to visualizemultiple interventions, and how models and theory focused on various pragmatic activities in the delivery and outcome in school settings among adolescents.
Cybernetic Approach to Health Assessment
Authors: Bersenev E.Yu. , Berseneva А.P. , Prysyazhnyuk A. , McGregor C. , Berseneva I.А. , Funtova I.I. , Chernikova A.G.
Published: September 2022

The exploration of orbital space served as a prerequisite for the creation of a new direction of medical science in relation to the very extreme conditions of life of spacecraft crews. Space medicine, relying on the most modern research methods and approaches, thanks to the development of new medical devices and the use of unique data analysis algorithms, has made a significant contribution to the development of telemedicine, medical cybernetics, and prenosological principles for assessing the state of human health. The review reflects the main stages in the development of medical cybernetics and prenosological diagnostics based on the assessment of the regulatory components of the cardiovascular system. Discussed the aspects of the application of the method of mathematical analysis of the heart rhythm in relation to the assessment and forecast of the working capacity of cosmonauts, at the simulating model of microgravity and confinement. Shown the useful methodically apply for the healthcare of manufacture teams at the plants, passenger bus driver’s employments. As the part of appliance of the new advance tools of children and adolescents public health during the educating process at schools. The created system for analyzing the current functional state of human health and mathematical models that make it possible to predict its negative changes make it possible to predetermine the vector of development of medicine in the future. The foundations of knowledge gained over the period of more than 70 years of scientific activity of Professor R.M. Bavsky are reflected in promising areas of cardiology research using computer technologies - such as Cardiometry technologies.
Peripapillary vessel density and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes in early diabetes retinopathy
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China, Wang Xiang-Ning , Li Ting-Ting ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China, Long Da ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China, Wu Qiang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China
Published: September 2022

AIM: To perform a quantitative analysis of the peripapillary vessel density (VD) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness changes in patients with early stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR).
METHODS: In this case-control study, swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) imaging was used to examine diabetic and age-matched healthy subjects. The optic disc HD 6×6 mm2 blood flow imaging scan mode was selected. Automatic software was used to measure the peripapillary VD, capillary vessel density (CVD), and RNLF in an optic nerve head (ONH) filed based on the Garway-Heath map. In addition, the correlation between peripapillary VD, CVD, and RNFL was further investigated.
RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 32 healthy individuals and 72 patients with diabetes (34 eyes with no DR and 38 eyes with mild-moderate NPDR). Peripapillary VD decreased in the mild-moderate NPDR group compared to the control group in most regions (P<0.05). Peripapillary CVD and RNFL thickness were significantly lower in the mild-moderate NPDR group in the superior temporal (ST) quadrants (P=0.018, P=0.030). In the correlation analysis of each region, the RNFL thickness in the NS region was positively correlated with the peripapillary VD and CVD (r=0.233, P=0.05; r=0.288, P=0.015). In the TI region, the RNFL thickness was positively correlated with the peripapillary CVD (r=0.237, P=0.047).
CONCLUSION: The measurement based on the ONH topographic map may be helpful in detecting functional and structural impairments in DR. The peripapillary VD, CVD and RNFL decrease in early DR, and the RNFL thickness altered in association with the CVD or/and VD in some regions.
Different compression sutures combined with intracameral air injection for acute corneal hydrops
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China, Liu Xin , Qu Shen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China, Yu Qiao ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China, Lin Hui ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China, Bi Yan-Long ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
Published: September 2022

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of full-thickness sutures combined with intracameral air injection (FTS-AI) versus pre-Descemet’s membrane sutures combined with intracameral air injection (PDS-AI) in the management of acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus.
METHODS: The research included 8 patients (8 eyes) suffering from acute corneal hydrops caused by keratoconus. Four patients were randomly assigned to FTS-AI. And the other four were randomly assigned to PDS-AI. Corneal oedema, visual acuity, corneal thickness were assessed during follow-up.
RESULTS: The demographics, preoperative duration of symptoms and severity of corneal hydrops between the two groups were not significantly different. The mean corneal oedema resolution time after FTS-AI and PDS-AI were 11±1.15 and 15±1.41d, respectively (P=0.005). The maximum corneal thickness of the scarred region decreased in both groups at one week postoperatively (P<0.05). No obvious difference was found in the mean maximal corneal thickness between the two groups postoperatively. The BCVA improved significantly after FTS-AI and PDS-AI at three months postoperatively. No obvious difference was found in the BCVA after FTS-AI and PDS-AI at three months postoperatively.
CONCLUSION: FTS-AI and PDS-AI are safe and effective therapies to accelerate the resolution of corneal oedema in acute corneal hydrops secondary to keratoconus. Despite faster resolution of corneal oedema in the FTS-AI group, we recommend PDS-AI to avoid potential endothelium cell damage.
Estado Nutricional de Estudantes Universitários: fatores associados
Authors: Brito Lorena Alves , Alves Dayse Lôrrane Gonçalves , Barbalho Erika De Vasconcelos , Nunes Bruna Rodrigues , Pereira Tânia Conceição Camargo , Rocha Gabriella Araújo , Pinto Francisco José Maia
Published: September 2022

Objetivos: Analisar o estado nutricional dos universitários relacionado aos fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais, clínicos e nutricionais. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, de corte transversal com abordagem descritiva e analítica. Participaram 210 universitários, maiores de 18 anos, da Universidade Estadual do Ceará. Foi aplicado um questionário individual semiestruturado, baseado nos “Indicadores de Saúde e Qualidade de Vida de Acadêmicos”, seguido de mensuração de peso, estatura, circunferência da cintura e do quadril e aferição da pressão arterial. Considerou-se como desfecho o sobrepeso/obesidade a partir do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Realizaram-se análises descritivas e inferenciais. No modelo ajustado de regressão múltipla, utilizou-se a Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A força de associação foi medida por meio da Razão de Prevalência. Resultados: Observou-se que 51 (24,6%) universitários apresentaram sobrepeso e 18 (8,7%), obesidade. O modelo final ajustado identificou duas variáveis significativas: sexo (p<0,001) e o risco cardiovascular pela circunferência da cintura (p<0,001). Conclusão: Constatou-se que estudantes universitários do sexo masculino e com o risco cardiovascular alto e moderado, conforme a circunferência da cintura abdominal, apresentaram maiores prevalências de desenvolverem alterações nutricionais.
Óbitos precoces de recém-nascidos prematuros em município brasileiro de fronteira
Authors: Oliveira Edina De , Ferreira Helder , Zilly Adriana , Silva Rosane Meire Munhak da
Published: September 2022

Introdução: A prematuridade é um problema de saúde pública global, por representar a principal causa de óbito infantis, sobretudo no período neonatal precoce. Objetivo: Analisar a incidência de óbitos de bebês prematuros hospitalizados e identificar fatores relacionados ao óbito precoce em município brasileiro de fronteira.Método: Estudo analítico, transversal, realizado em Foz do Iguaçu-PR, Brasil. Foram analisados 202 prontuários eletrônicos, entre 2013 e 2017, utilizando-se o teste Qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, com nível de significância (p<0,05).Resultados: O óbito entre bebês prematuros hospitalizados foi considerado alto (21,3%), sobretudo no período neonatal precoce (p<0,001). Parto vaginal, peso ao nascer inferior a 1.000g, prematuridade extrema, escores de Apgar inferior a sete e intervenções invasivas foram fatores relacionados ao óbito neonatal precoce (p<0,001). A maior utilização de antibióticos foi relacionada ao óbito neonatal tardio e infantil (p<0,001).Conclusão: O incremento da assistência pré-natal, da atenção ao parto e da hospitalização de prematuros pode reduzir a mortalidade infantil, em especial em municípios de vulnerabilidade assistencial por pertencerem em região de fronteira.
Revisão sistematizada de aplicativos móveis relacionados a medidas preventivas da Doença de Alzheimer
Authors: Pina-Oliveira Alfredo Almeida , Grillo Adriana Pereira da Silva , Kron-Rodrigues Meline Rosseto
Published: September 2022

Cuidar de pessoas com doenças neurodegenerativas representa um desafio na sociedade atual. Objetivo: Analisar os conteúdos relacionados ao cuidado da pessoa com Doença de Alzheimer disponíveis em aplicativos móveis. Método: Revisão sistematizada do termo “Alzheimer” em lojas virtuais para os sistemas operacionais Android® e iOS® em abril de 2019. Resultados: identificaram-se 47 aplicativos em língua portuguesa com foco principal em atividades cognitivas, na aprendizagem e em atividades físicas. Conclusão: predominaram jogos para preservar a memória, aumentar a capacidade de concentração e treinar habilidades cognitivas.
Editorial
Authors:   Charles Darwin University, Wallace Ruth
Published: September 2022

Welcome to the twenty-seventh edition of Learning Communities for 2022. This issue covers a range of topics from Group Up Inquiry, theory and education policy, job opportunities of African professionals in Australia, and the changing dynamics of fertility behavior and child mortality across the wealth distribution in Pakistan. Plus a book review of Leading from the north: Rethinking northern Australia development.
Ground Up Inquiry: Questions and Answers About the Emergence and Development of a Northern Australian Tradition of Situated Research
Authors:   Charles Darwin University, Verran Helen , Spencer Michaela ,   Charles Darwin University, Christie Michael ,   Charles Darwin University
Published: September 2022

Ground Up Inquiry is the name of a situated approach to researching used by the Contemporary Indigenous Knowledge and Governance (CIKG) team in CDU’s Northern Institute (Charles Darwin University, 2017a). The team partners with Indigenous researchers working under the authority of Elders in their home places. Many of our partner researchers offer research services through Indigenous Researchers Initiative (Charles Darwin University, 2017b). In the Northern Territory of Australia, Ground Up is often contract research and service delivery, but it is also increasingly recognised as an established research method where Indigenous and academic knowledge authorities work together as equals under the aegis of the modern university system. Composed as answers to questions, this paper revisits the origins of Ground Up, and gives an overview of this approach as situated research.
Undoing Theory: Walking of Arrernte Country – Co-creating Knowledge and Meaning in Central Australia
Authors:   The University of Adelaide, Cowan Wendy
Published: September 2022

Can educators and researchers rethink what theory does in public education so as not to repeat colonial theories and policies predicated on mis/conceptions of “terra nullius” and “terra incognita”? My initial concern as a teacher and administrator working in Northern Territory for over two decades, was the question: “What theories underpin public education policy directives and implementation plans?” Recently my focus has shifted to include what theory is and what it is doing in shaping whose lives (human and non-human) matter. The shift occurred because many theories appeared to perpetuate “more of the same” outcomes, specifically for Indigenous students and their communities. The shifts from what theory is to what theory is doing in the world occur through the daily rhythms – as a precedent of Arrernte practices – of walking Country. Through quotidian acts of walking, I begin to understand that theory is the inseparability of being, doing and thinking, what Barad’s agential realism calls “ethico-onto-epistem-ology”. To show how walking of country is doing theory, I diffractively read several texts (including the non-English and poetic). This gives a sense of what theory is doing in and of the specific matters it inhabits: Arrernte Country, colonisation, education policy directives, walking and creative expression. Theory is taken up through the ethics of those lives rendered un/thinkable, in/visible in public education in Mparntwe (Alice Springs). A diffractive approach in this context opens theory up, to express thinking differently with the commitment to unsettle education policy as a continued reflection of ongoing colonisation.
Hear it From the Horses’ Mouth: Listening to African Professionals in Australia
Authors:   Charles Darwin University, Bolaji Stephen , Anyama Stella ,   University of Lagos, Kuteyi-Imonitie Olabisi ,   Murdoch University, Ibilola Olaoluwa ,   University of Western Australia, Jalloh Sulay ,   Charles Darwin University
Published: September 2022

The study investigated the growing concern of the African professionals who arrived in Australia since 2007. The ongoing concern was based on the lack of job opportunity in their nominated skilled occupation in post arrival in Australia. The study used demographic questionnaire and semi-structured interview to elicit information from forty (40) participants from Western Australia and Northern Territory cities and regional areas. The data analysed provided the needed perspectives about the extreme frustration of the African skilled migrants lack job opportunities in the post arrival in Australia. Based on the findings, the study made some recommendations, including counselling implications on several pathways on how African professionals could gain recognition for opportunities in their professional areas.
Child Mortality, Fertility and Poverty: A Counterfactual Analysis
Authors:   Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Hyder Asma , Ullah Wali ,   Institute of Business Administration, Karachi
Published: September 2022

Larger sizes of households tighten the resources of families particularly those in lower wealth quintiles. Households in poorer quintiles are trapped into high child mortality. The risk of child survival leads to high fertility and little investment in children. The conditions to pull these households from this malicious trap are already absent. For instance, the indicators like, women’s low rates of education, early marriages and early pregnancies, and too little birth intervals are very discouraging in Pakistan. Unfortunately, households in poorer quintiles are the least beneficiaries from national revenues and policies in developing countries, in general, are designed for general public and benefit from those policies rarely reach to most needy households. The objectives of this paper are: (i) to emphasize the changing dynamics of fertility behavior and incidence of child mortality across the wealth distribution through an empirical investigation of five wealth quantiles, (ii) to explore the causal relationship between under 5 child mortality and fertility, and finally to examine the counter effect of a few policy instruments. For this purpose, the paper exploits the latest Pakistan Demographic Health Survey to examine few important policy variables to break the nexus between poverty, child mortality and high fertility. The counterfactual analysis suggests marginal improvement in a few variables; like female education, delay in first conception and incremental increase in birth intervals if in targeted households, will significantly change the child mortality and fertility rates. The analysis will be helpful for designing interventions. This analysis can also provide guidelines for women centered institutions like Banazir Income Support Programme, federal and provincial mother and child health departments and family planning offices.
Women’s Political Participation and its Predictors in Northern and Southern Nigeria
Authors: Oladapo Oyewole , Atela Martin , Agbalajobi Damilola
Published: September 2022

The United Nations Development Programme states that women’s political participation is a necessary ingredient for a peaceful and resilient society, yet large gender gaps obstinately persist in many countries around the globe. With a focus on Nigeria and using an analysis of data from Nigeria’s 2015 and 2019 General Elections and Afrobarometer’s 2018 Nigeria Round 7 survey, this paper explores variations of women’s political participation across Southern and Northern Nigeria. In recent times, Northern Nigeria has experienced extensive conflict, and Southern Nigeria outperforms the north in terms of women’s education, participation in paid employment and control of earnings. Given these factors, conventional wisdom among policy actors and researchers would predict that women in Southern Nigeria should have considerably higher rates of political participation than those in Northern Nigeria. However, digging deeper into the available data on political participation, the paper suggests that factors such as education and employment do not predict the dimensions of women’s political participation or can predict the unexpected. The paper concludes that policymakers may need to look beyond these conventional factors when supporting programmes on women’s political participation in Nigeria. More research is needed into contextual factors to better understand what lies behind the varying levels of women’s political participation in Northern and Southern Nigeria.
Digital Aid: Understanding the Digital Challenges Facing Humanitarian Assistance
Authors: Roberts Tony , Faith Becky
Published: September 2022

The UKRI Digital Aid workshop on 9 September 2019 brought together expert practitioners and researchers to focus on the use of digital technologies in humanitarian aid. Participants brought wide experience of digital applications to monitor conflict, refugees, food security, and to reunite families, enable communication and increase donor value for money. The event identified key areas where the rapid pace of technological change is outstripping our current understanding of emerging risks, digital inequalities and ethical dilemmas associated with the use of digital technologies in humanitarian response. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in their contribution to the UN Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Digital Cooperation warned that it is of critical importance to ‘keep humanitarian purpose, and the people humanitarian organizations are there to protect and assist, firmly at the centre of any developments in order to ensure the humanitarian response do no harm in their application’ (ICRC 2019). Yet workshop discussions showed how humanitarian practitioners are struggling to operationalise the “do no harm” principle in the context of a rapidly changing technological landscape. Workshop participants felt that research has a vital role to play in protecting the interests of vulnerable communities in the digital age.
Areas and Population Groups in Pakistan Most Exposed to Combined Effects of Climate Change, Food Insecurity and COVID-19
Authors: Idris Iffat
Published: September 2022

There are strong interlinkages between the effects of climate change and natural disasters in Pakistan, food insecurity, and exposure to COVID-19. Areas/groups at risk of one will often be at risk of the others as well, demonstrating the complexities and multifaceted nature of vulnerability, risk, and exposure. In areas exposed to natural disasters, for example, there are likely to be higher levels of food insecurity. Key geographic areas at risk of the combined effects of climate change natural disasters and food insecurity in Pakistan are Balochistan, Sindh, southern Punjab, and parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). With the exception of Balochistan due to its very low population density, these are all also regions at high risk of COVID-19. Key population groups, especially at risk, are the poor and landless, and women. The poor, in particular, lack the capacity to adapt or recover from climate change impacts and natural disasters, face difficulties in accessing adequate food, and often live/work in conditions that promote transmission of COVID-19. This rapid review looks at areas and population groups in Pakistan most exposed to the combined effects of climate change and natural disasters, food insecurity and malnutrition, and COVID-19. The review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, including reports by development organisations. While considerable information was found about the diverse effects of climate change and natural disasters on different parts of the country (including down to district level), data on food insecurity was largely only at the provincial level. There are also significant gaps in the evidence base on specific population groups, notably religious minorities.
Crecimiento post-destete y rentabilidad de corderos Pelibuey suplementados con tres diferentes concentrados comerciales en Tabasco, México
Authors: Hernández-de los Santos Alma Dorali , Duran-Zamora Emy Mabiael , Luna-Palomera Carlos , López-Durán Saravasti , Vázquez-Martínez Ignacio Vázquez-Martínez , Muñoz-Osorio Germani Adrián , Chay-Canul Alfonso Juventino
Published: September 2022

El objetivo fue evaluar el crecimiento post-destete de corderos Pelibuey bajo diferentes tipos de alimentación, considerando la relación costo-beneficio (RCB) y la rentabilidad. Se utilizaron 30 corderos de 13.14±2.87 kg y 60 días de edad, alojados individualmente, por un periodo de 49 días. Se evaluaron tres alimentos: Iniciador (I), Destete y Desarrollo (DyD), e I más DyD, en proporción de 50:50% (I+DyD), con 10 repeticiones cada uno. Se usó ANOVA para evaluar el efecto del tipo de alimentación sobre la ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), el consumo diario de alimento (COA), la conversión alimenticia (CA) y peso final (PF). Excepto para CA (P < 0.05), el tipo de alimentación no afecto PF, GDP y COA (P > 0.05). La RCB y la rentabilidad fue mayor con el alimento I+DyD en comparación con I y DyD. El tratamiento I+DyD fue más productivo y económicamente más rentable que I y DyD.
Efecto del almacenamiento sobre la calidad fisiológica de semillas de Prosopis laevigata (H. & B.) Johnst
Authors: Muñoz-Gutiérrez Liliana , Ríos-Saucedo Julio César , García-García Dora Alicia , Hernández- Pérez César Alejandro
Published: September 2022

Se evaluó la germinación y el vigor de las semillas de mezquite (Prosopis laevigata) en función de las condiciones de almacenamiento. Se utilizaron semillas almacenadas durante 10 años, mantenidas en frascos de vidrio a temperatura ambiente. A través de pruebas de envejecimiento acelerado se determinó el vigor, mediante soluciones saturadas de sal, cloruro de potasio (KCl), cloruro de litio (LiCl) y bromuro de potasio (KBr); y tiempos de almacenamiento (6, 12 y 24 h). Los resultados indican que las semillas tratadas con LiCl tienen valores superiores en porcentaje de geminación (60%) e índice de velocidad de germinación (0.83) comparado con las otras sales y el testigo. No obstante, tener en cuenta los factores que intervienen en la germinación de la semilla, ya que el vigor es afectado por las condiciones de almacenamiento y el vigor cambia conforme transcurre el tiempo.
Evaluación de sustentabilidad de los sistemas de producción de maíz en la Península de Yucatán
Authors: Uzcanga-Pérez Nelda Guadalupe , Cano-González Alejandro de Jesús , Chanatásig-Vaca Cristina Isabel
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la sustentabilidad de los sistemas de manejo de los recursos empleados para la producción de maíz de temporal en la Península de Yucatán. Se utilizó el Marco de Evaluación de los Sistemas de Manejo con Indicadores de Sustentabilidad (MESMIS) en tres sistemas: milpa, convencional y mecanizado. Se definieron criterios e indicadores alineados a los atributos de sustentabilidad: productividad, estabilidad, resiliencia y confiabilidad, adaptabilidad, equidad y autodependencia y a los puntos críticos identificados. La evaluación se llevó a cabo a través de la definición, calculo y monitoreo de nueve indicadores: rendimiento, relación beneficio costo, índice de aptitud agrícola sustentable, índice de apropiación de tecnología agrícola, índice de capacidad productiva, nivel de seguridad alimentaria con respecto al maíz, distribución de la tierra, coeficiente de Gini y, dependencia externa en insumos. La información se obtuvo de 733 cuestionarios, talleres participativos e investigación documental, misma, que se integró con técnicas multicriterio para emitir juicos de valor sobre los sistemas de manejo. El sistema alternativo fue más sustentable en la mayoría de los atributos con excepción de la Autodependencia por los apoyos gubernamentales captados. La milpa fue más sustentable que el sistema convencional, por la distribución de la tierra e inclusive fue más sustentable que el sistema mecanizado por su baja dependencia externa en insumos. Finalmente, el sistema convencional fue el menos sustentable que el sistema milpa y mecanizado.
Diseño urbano sensible al agua para la zona kárstica de Bacalar, Quintana Roo, México
Authors: Ibarra-Marigal Silvana Marisa , Hernández-Montero Yesenia Nayrovick , Nahuat-Sansores Javier Rodrigo , Rejón-Parra David Gustavo , Sánchez-Quijano Miguel Ángel , Mena-Rivero Roberto , Torrescano-Valle Nuria , Arellano-Guillermo Alfredo , Romero-Martínez Ángel Iván
Published: September 2022

En las regiones kársticas de México la construcción de ciudades se ha realizado con el uso de materiales y procesos que no corresponden con el funcionamiento de la dinámica de filtración del agua. Con el uso de modelos hidrodinámicos se analizó la implementación del Diseño Urbano Sensible al Agua (DUSA) en el karst y se evaluó el beneficio económico al disminuir las inundaciones en Bacalar, Quintana Roo, México. Como primera etapa se modeló la precipitación, escorrentía e infiltración; se determinó la infraestructura útil para mantener la conectividad del sistema hidrológico y se generaron escenarios modelo de permeabilidad. En la segunda etapa se analizó la eficiencia de los escenarios modelo. Finalmente se valorizaron los daños de inundación para cada escenario. Los resultados muestran que, si se mantiene un 68% de área urbana permeable y 32% impermeable con infraestructuras esponja, con periodo de retorno de 10 años, se retrasa hasta por 30 minutos el inicio de las inundaciones. Esto implica un ahorro de 5.56 millones de salarios mínimos. La implementación de DUSA reduce inundaciones, genera ahorros sociales y económicos, pero además mantiene la dinámica de flujo y conectividad del karst. El modelo internacional de DUSA disminuye la vulnerabilidad de los sistemas kársticos ante el cambio climático.
Prevalencia e intensidad de tricodínidos y monogeneos en tilapia cultivada en el suroeste de México
Authors: Osuna-Cabanillas Juan M. , Medina-Guerrero Rosa M. , Camacho-Zepeda Selena , Morales-Serna Francisco N. , Fajer-Ávila Emma J.
Published: September 2022

Las granjas pequeñas de tilapia contribuyen al desarrollo rural sostenible; sin embargo, los parásitos pueden afectar su productividad. El presente estudio determinó la prevalencia e intensidad de tricodínidos y monogéneos en granjas de tilapia de Guerrero, Oaxaca y Chiapas. Se identificaron seis especies de tricodínidos: Trichodina centrostrigeata, T. compacta, T. heterodentata, T. magna, T. nigra y Trichodina sp.; y nueve de monogéneos: Cichlidogyrus cirratus, C. dossoui, C. halli, C. mbirizei, C. sclerosus, C. thurstonae, C. tilapiae, Gyrodactylus cichlidarum y Scutogyrus longicornis. Los registros de C. mbirizei y C. cirratus son nuevos para México. Los tricodínidos y monogéneos se presentaron, respectivamente, en 73 y 93 % de las granjas muestreadas, tanto en regiones montañosas, valles o costa. La prevalencia de tricodínidos fue alta (60–100 %) en 30 % de las granjas, pero la intensidad mediana fue menor a 10 parásitos/pez. La prevalencia de monogéneos fue alta en la mayoría de las granjas, pero la intensidade mediana fue baja (1 a 30). Estos resultados sugieren que los parásitos tienen el potencial de llegar a cualquier granja, por lo que las prácticas de manejo deben ser mejoradas y reducir así posibles brotes parasitarios que afecten la salud de los peces.
Comportamiento de índices de sequía meteorológica a través de las dimensiones espaciales y temporales
Authors: Núñez-Magaña Tania Gudelia , Ruíz-Acosta Silvia del Carmen , Palomeque-de la Cruz Miguel Ángel , Galindo- Alcántara Adalberto
Published: September 2022

El fenómeno de sequía meteorológica ha sido objeto de estudio por los desastres ambientales que ocasiona, la estimación de índices de sequía meteorológica (IDs) permite cuantificar los daños y ayuda a generar planes de mitigación. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la intensividad o extensividad de los IDs de mayor aplicación para mejorar su evaluación. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los trabajos publicados en los últimos 40 años, que incluyó un análisis del comportamiento de las dimensiones espaciales, escalas temporales y clima del sistema con los resultados arrojados por los IDs. El análisis reveló que los IDs son extensivos. Esto ocasiona que las evaluaciones de los IDs tengan influencia espacial, puntos de observación, longitud de las series de datos, clima y la escala temporal. Además, se señala la viabilidad de los IDs para su aplicación y alcanzar una mayor exactitud en las evaluaciones.
Respuesta fisiológica y productiva de tomate en un sistema NTF modificado tipo carrete
Authors: AyalaContreras Carmen Alicia , González-Fuentes José Antonio , Zermeño-González Alejandro , Benavides-Mendoza Adalberto , Peña-Ramos Fidel Maximiano , Hernández-Mauriri José Alfredo
Published: September 2022

La producción de tomate en sistemas protegidos emplea variedades de crecimiento indeterminado para lograr una mayor productividad, conllevando a tener tallos largos en etapas avanzadas. Por ello se propone una técnica NFT modificada utilizando un carrete para enrollar el tallo y así generar raíces adventicias y un tallo productivo de 2 m, comparado con un testigo en bolsa de 20 L con sustrato (turba). El objetivo fue evaluar la respuesta fisiológica y productiva del cultivo de tomate establecido en un sistema NFT modificado tipo carrete, bajo un diseño completamente al azar. Los resultados indican que hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos en: variables fisiológicas, eficiencia intrínseca y cuántica, número de frutos por planta, peso del fruto, diámetro ecuatorial y rendimiento, excepto en largo y diámetro de tallo, largo de hoja, diámetro polar de fruto y crecimiento semanal. El sistema en carrete es una alternativa para la producción de tomate bajo invernadero .