bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of marine heatwaves over the Bay of Bengal during 1982–2021
Authors: Kumar Sudhanshu , Chakraborty Arun , Chandrakar Raghvendra , Kumar Abhishek , Sadhukhan Biplab , Roy Chowdhury Riyanka
Published: August 2023

Anomalous increase in sea surface temperature and its impact on natural ecosystems greatly interests the research community. Here we investigate the causes, impacts, and trends of marine heat wave (MHW) events in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) from 1982 to 2021. A total of 107 MHW events have been isolated (> 90th percentile threshold) in this Indian Ocean region, and their variation in intensity, duration, and frequency has been investigated. Our research unveils that an average of three MHW events/year accompanied by a linearly increasing trend of 1.11 MHW events/decade has been observed over the study region. It was also found that the most intense event was observed in 2016, which continued for 69 days, and had a maximum intensity of 5.29 °C and a mean intensity of 2.03 °C (above climatology mean). Moreover, it was observed that the net heat flux, along with anticyclonic eddies, was the primary cause of MHW events. Anticyclonic eddies associated with positive sea surface height anomaly were observed (> 0.20 m) in the vicinity of the most intense MHW event. Additionally, climate change and climate modes like El Niño and Indian Ocean Dipole show a high positive influence on the MHW events. Furthermore, we have examined the MHW event recurrence patterns in various regions of the BoB. From the monthly analysis, it was found that August and November had the most occurrences of MHWs, while April and May had the most extreme MHW events.
Experimental validation of rotating detonation for rocket propulsion
Authors: Bennewitz John W. , Burr Jason R. , Bigler Blaine R. , Burke Robert F. , Lemcherfi Aaron , Mundt Tyler , Rezzag Taha , Plaehn Ethan W. , Sosa Jonathan , Walters Ian V. , Schumaker S. Alexander , Ahmed Kareem A. , Slabaugh Carson D. , Knowlen Carl , Hargus William A.
Published: August 2023

Space travel requires high-powered, efficient rocket propulsion systems for controllable launch vehicles and safe planetary entry. Interplanetary travel will rely on energy-dense propellants to produce thrust via combustion as the heat generation process to convert chemical to thermal energy. In propulsion devices, combustion can occur through deflagration or detonation, each having vastly different characteristics. Deflagration is subsonic burning at effectively constant pressure and is the main means of thermal energy generation in modern rockets. Alternatively, detonation is a supersonic combustion-driven shock offering several advantages. Detonations entail compact heat release zones at elevated local pressure and temperature. Specifically, rotating detonation rocket engines (RDREs) use detonation as the primary means of energy conversion, producing more useful available work compared to equivalent deflagration-based devices; detonation-based combustion is poised to radically improve rocket performance compared to today’s constant pressure engines, producing up to 10$$\%$$
%
increased thrust. This new propulsion cycle will also reduce thruster size and/or weight, lower injection pressures, and are less susceptible to engine-damaging acoustic instabilities. Here we present a collective effort to benchmark performance and standardize operability of rotating detonation rocket engines to develop the RDRE technology readiness level towards a flight demonstration. Key detonation physics unique to RDREs, driving consistency and control of chamber dynamics across the engine operating envelope, are identified and addressed to drive down the variability and stochasticity observed in previous studies. This effort demonstrates an RDRE operating consistently across multiple facilities, validating this technology’s performance as the foundation of RDRE architecture for future aerospace applications.
Mechanisms and consequences of weight gain after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Steinhardt Julia , Lokowandt Laura , Rasche Dirk , Koch Andreas , Tronnier Volker , Münte Thomas F. , Meyhöfer Sebastian M. , Wilms Britta , Brüggemann Norbert
Published: August 2023

Body weight gain in combination with metabolic alterations has been observed after deep brain stimulation (DBS) of subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), which potentially counteracts the positive effects of motor improvement. We aimed to identify stimulation-dependent effects on motor activities, body weight, body composition, energy metabolism, and metabolic blood parameters and to determine if these alterations are associated with the local impact of DBS on different STN parcellations. We assessed 14 PD patients who underwent STN DBS (PD-DBS) before as well as 6- and 12-months post-surgery. For control purposes, 18 PD patients under best medical treatment (PD-CON) and 25 healthy controls (H-CON) were also enrolled. Wrist actigraphy, body composition, hormones, and energy expenditure measurements were applied. Electrode placement in the STN was localized, and the local impact of STN DBS was estimated. We found that STN DBS improved motor function by ~ 40% (DBS ON, Med ON). Weight and fat mass increased by ~ 3 kg and ~ 3% in PD-DBS (all P ≤ 0.005). fT3 (P = 0.001) and insulin levels (P = 0.048) increased solely in PD-DBS, whereas growth hormone levels (P = 0.001), daily physical activity, and VO2 during walking were decreased in PD-DBS (all P ≤ 0.002). DBS of the limbic part of the STN was associated with changes in weight and body composition, sedentary activity, insulin levels (all P ≤ 0.040; all r ≥ 0.56), and inversely related to HOMA-IR (P = 0.033; r = − 0.62). Daily physical activity is decreased after STN DBS, which can contribute to weight gain and an unfavorable metabolic profile. We recommend actigraphy devices to provide feedback on daily activities to achieve pre-defined activity goals.
Blunted startle reactivity in everyday sadism and psychopathy
Authors: Buckels Erin E. , Williams Douglas A. , Trapnell Paul D. , Kermani Koosheh Siavash , Javra Owen M. , Svenne Sasha C.
Published: August 2023

Two studies examined the amplitude of the startle response as a function of the Dark Tetrad of personality (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism). We measured electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle evoked by a startle stimulus while participants viewed images on a computer screen. Both studies revealed a negative correlation between general startle reactivity (averaged across positive, negative, and neutral images) and sadistic tendencies. In Study 2, all four dark traits were negative correlates of general startle reactivity. Study 2 also examined the personality correlates of aversive startle potentiation (ASP; indexed by greater reactivity while viewing negatively-valenced images than positive or neutral images). ASP correlated negatively with a variety of personality measures of psychopathy and sadism, their facets, and related personality tendencies (callousness, risk-taking, and restricted affect). These findings suggest that ordinary people with high levels of callousness and antagonism display physiological evidence of non-reactivity (i.e., blunted acoustic startle in general), whereas psychopathy and sadism are preferentially associated with reduced ASP.
ZnO doped C: Facile synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic degradation of dyes
Authors: Hosny Nasser Mohammed , Gomaa Islam , Elmahgary Maryam G. , Ibrahim Medhat A.
Published: August 2023

Carbon doped ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized from the thermal decomposition of Zinc citrate precursor. The precursor was synthesized from semi-solid paste and then subjected to calcination at 700 °C to produce ZnO nanoparticles. The precursor and ZnO were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectra, Transmission Electron Microscope, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-ray (EDAX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results ensured the formation of hexagonal 2D-ZnO nanoparticles with a layer thickness of 25 nm. The optical band gap of ZnO was determined and found to be 2.9 eV, which is lower than the bulk. Photocatalytic degradation of Fluorescein dye as an anionic dye and Rhodamine B as a cationic dye was evaluated via C-ZnO NPs under UV irradiation. ZnO displayed 99% degradation of Fluorescein dye after 240 min and a complete photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye after 120 min under UV irradiation.
Neuronal morphology and synaptic input patterns of neurons in the intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of gerbils
Authors: Wicke Kathrin D. , Oppe Leon , Geese Carla , Sternberg Anna K. , Felmy Felix
Published: August 2023

The lateral lemniscus encompasses processing stages for binaural hearing, suppressing spurious frequencies and frequency integration. Within the lemniscal fibres three nuclei can be identified, termed after their location as dorsal, intermediate and ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL, INLL and VNLL). While the DNLL and VNLL have been functionally and anatomically characterized, less is known about INLL neurons. Here, we quantitatively describe the morphology, the cellular orientation and distribution of synaptic contact sites along dendrites in mature Mongolian gerbils. INLL neurons are largely non-inhibitory and morphologically heterogeneous with an overall perpendicular orientation regarding the lemniscal fibers. Dendritic ranges are heterogeneous and can extend beyond the nucleus border. INLL neurons receive VGluT1/2 containing glutamatergic and a mix of GABA- and glycinergic inputs distributed over the entire dendrite. Input counts suggest that numbers of excitatory exceed the inhibitory contact sites. Axonal projections indicate connectivity to ascending and descending auditory structures. Our data show that INLL neurons form a morphologically heterogeneous continuum and incoming auditory information is processed on thin dendrites of various length and biased to perpendicular orientation. Together with the different axonal projection patterns, this indicates that the INLL is a highly complex structure that might hold many unexplored auditory functions.
SNR enhanced high-speed two-photon microscopy using a pulse picker and time gating detection
Authors: Song Jeonggeun , Kang Juehyung , Kang Ungyo , Nam Hyeong Soo , Kim Hyun Jung , Kim Ryeong Hyeon , Kim Jin Won , Yoo Hongki
Published: August 2023

Two-photon microscopy (TPM) is an attractive biomedical imaging method due to its large penetration depth and optical sectioning capability. In particular, label-free autofluorescence imaging offers various advantages for imaging biological samples. However, relatively low intensity of autofluorescence leads to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), causing practical challenges for imaging biological samples. In this study, we present TPM using a pulse picker to utilize low pulse repetition rate of femtosecond pulsed laser to increase the pulse peak power of the excitation source leading to higher emission of two-photon fluorescence with the same average illumination power. Stronger autofluorescence emission allowed us to obtain higher SNR images of arterial and liver tissues. In addition, by applying the time gating detection method to the pulse signals obtained by TPM, we were able to significantly reduce the background noise of two-photon images. As a result, our TPM system using the pulsed light source with a 19 times lower repetition rate allowed us to obtain the same SNR image more than 19 times faster with the same average power. Although high pulse energy can increase the photobleaching, we also observed that high-speed imaging with low total illumination energy can mitigate the photobleaching effect to a level similar to that of conventional illumination with a high repetition rate. We anticipate that this simple approach will provide guidance for SNR enhancement with high-speed imaging in TPM as well as other nonlinear microscopy.
Autophagy of Candida albicans cells after the action of earthworm Venetin-1 nanoparticle with protease inhibitor activity
Authors: Wójcik-Mieszawska Sylwia , Lewtak Kinga , Skwarek Ewa , Dębowski Dawid , Gitlin-Domagalska Agata , Nowak Jakub , Wydrych Jerzy , Pawelec Jarosław , Fiołka Marta J.
Published: August 2023

The present studies show the effect of the Venetin-1 protein-polysaccharide complex obtained from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta on Candida albicans cells. They are a continuation of research on the mechanisms of action, cellular targets, and modes of cell death. After the action of Venetin-1, a reduced survival rate of the yeast cells was noted. The cells were observed to be enlarged compared to the controls and deformed. In addition, an increase in the number of cells with clearly enlarged vacuoles was noted. The detected autophagy process was confirmed using differential interference contrast, fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Autophagic vesicles were best visible after incubation of fungus cells with the Venetin-1 complex at a concentration of 50 and 100 µg mL−1. The changes in the vacuoles were accompanied by changes in the size of mitochondria, which is probably related to the previously documented oxidative stress. The aggregation properties of Venetin-1 were characterized. Based on the results of the zeta potential at the Venetin-1/KCl interface, the pHiep = 4 point was determined, i.e. the zeta potential becomes positive above pH = 4 and is negative below this value, which may affect the electrostatic interactions with other particles surrounding Venetin-1.
Time-feature attention-based convolutional auto-encoder for flight feature extraction
Authors: Wang Qixin , Qin Kun , Lu Binbin , Sun Huabo , Shu Ping
Published: August 2023

Quick Access Recorders (QARs) provide an important data source for Flight Operation Quality Assurance (FOQA) and flight safety. It is generally characterized by large volume, high-dimensionality and high frequency, and these features result in extreme complexities and uncertainties in its usage and comprehension. In this study, we proposed a Time-Feature Attention (TFA)-based Convolutional Auto-Encoder (TFA-CAE) network model to extract essential flight features from QAR data. As a case study, we used the QAR data landing at the Kunming Changshui International Airport and Lhasa Gonggar International Airport as the experimental data. The results show that (1) the TFA-CAE model performs the best in extracting representative flight features in comparison to some traditional or similar approaches, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Convolutional Auto-Encoder (CAE), Self-Attention-based CAE (SA-CAE), Gate Recurrent Unit based Auto-Encoder (GRU-AE) and TFA-GRU-AE models; (2) flight patterns corresponding to different runways can be recognized; and (3) anomalous flights can effectively deviate from many observations. Overall, the TFA-CAE model provides a well-established technique for further usage of QAR data, such as flight risk detection or FOQA.
Exogenous melatonin delays strawberry fruit ripening by suppressing endogenous ABA signaling
Authors: Mansouri Sirvan , Koushesh Saba Mahmoud , Sarikhani Hassan
Published: August 2023

Ripening as a physico-chemical change is part of a continuous developmental process and hormones play a major role in this processes. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit. The fruit was sampled for morphological, biochemical, and gene expression analysis during (0, 5, 10, and 15 days after treatment). The results showed a lower accumulation of anthocyanin content was observed in fruits treated with 10 μM. The injection of 10 μM melatonin caused a lower total soluble solid content and fruit color, and higher titratable acidity and softening. The total phenol content was higher in fruit treated with 10 µM melatonin, accompanied by increased PAL enzyme activity and gene expression, increased DPPH scavenging capacity, and higher content of quercetin, gallic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids. The delay in fruit ripening was associated with suppression of H2O2 level and endogenous ABA accumulation caused by lower expression of NCEDs genes. In general, it is concluded that activating the melatonin ROS scavenging cascade might be responsible for the delayed ripening and development of strawberry fruit. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the exogenous application of 10 μM melatonin can slow the ripening of strawberry fruit.
A comprehensive mathematical model for cardiac perfusion
Authors: Zingaro Alberto , Vergara Christian , Dede’ Luca , Regazzoni Francesco , Quarteroni Alfio
Published: August 2023

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new mathematical model that simulates myocardial blood perfusion that accounts for multiscale and multiphysics features. Our model incorporates cardiac electrophysiology, active and passive mechanics, hemodynamics, valve modeling, and a multicompartment Darcy model of perfusion. We consider a fully coupled electromechanical model of the left heart that provides input for a fully coupled Navier–Stokes–Darcy model for myocardial perfusion. The fluid dynamics problem is modeled in a left heart geometry that includes large epicardial coronaries, while the multicompartment Darcy model is set in a biventricular myocardium. Using a realistic and detailed cardiac geometry, our simulations demonstrate the biophysical fidelity of our model in describing cardiac perfusion. Specifically, we successfully validate the model reliability by comparing in-silico coronary flow rates and average myocardial blood flow with clinically established values ranges reported in relevant literature. Additionally, we investigate the impact of a regurgitant aortic valve on myocardial perfusion, and our results indicate a reduction in myocardial perfusion due to blood flow taken away by the left ventricle during diastole. To the best of our knowledge, our work represents the first instance where electromechanics, hemodynamics, and perfusion are integrated into a single computational framework.
Whole genome analysis and cold adaptation strategies of Pseudomonas sivasensis W-6 isolated from the Napahai plateau wetland
Authors: Xiong Lingling , Li Yanmei , Yu Hang , Wei Yunlin , Li Haiyan , Ji Xiuling
Published: August 2023

Microbial communities of wetlands play key roles in the earth’s ecology and stability. To elucidate the cold adaptation mechanisms of bacteria in plateau wetlands, we conducted comparative genomic analyses of Pseudomonas sivasensis and closely related lineages. The genome of P. sivasensis W-6, a cold-adapted bacterium isolated from the Napahai plateau wetland, was sequenced and analyzed. The genome length was 6,109,123 bp with a G+C content of 59.5%. Gene prediction yielded 5360 protein-coding sequences, 70 tRNAs, 24 gene islands, and 2 CRISPR sequences. The isolate contained evidence of horizontal gene transfer events during its evolution. Two prophages were predicted and indicated that W-6 was a lysogen. The cold adaptation of the W-6 strain showed psychrophilic rather than psychrotrophic characteristics. Cold-adapted bacterium W-6 can utilize glycogen and trehalose as resources, associated with carbohydrate-active enzymes, and survive in a low-temperature environment. In addition, the cold-adapted mechanisms of the W-6 included membrane fluidity by changing the unsaturated fatty acid profile, the two-component regulatory systems, anti-sense transcription, the role played by rpsU genes in the translation process, etc. The genome-wide analysis of W-6 provided a deeper understanding of cold-adapted strategies of bacteria in environments. We elucidated the adaptive mechanism of the psychrophilic W-6 strain for survival in a cold environment, which provided a basis for further study on host-phage coevolution.
Influence of mammographic density and compressed breast thickness on true mammographic sensitivity: a cohort study
Authors: Strandberg Rickard , Illipse Maya , Czene Kamila , Hall Per , Humphreys Keith
Published: August 2023

Understanding the detectability of breast cancer using mammography is important when considering nation-wide screening programmes. Although the role of imaging settings on image quality has been studied extensively, their role in detectability of cancer at a population level is less well studied. We wish to quantify the association between mammographic screening sensitivity and various imaging parameters. Using a novel approach applied to a population-based breast cancer screening cohort, we specifically focus on sensitivity as defined in the classical diagnostic testing literature, as opposed to the screen-detected cancer rate, which is often used as a measure of sensitivity for monitoring and evaluating breast cancer screening. We use a natural history approach to model the presence and size of latent tumors at risk of detection at mammography screening, and the screening sensitivity is modeled as a logistic function of tumor size. With this approach we study the influence of compressed breast thickness, x-ray exposure, and compression pressure, in addition to (percent) breast density, on the screening test sensitivity. When adjusting for all screening parameters in addition to latent tumor size, we find that percent breast density and compressed breast thickness are statistically significant factors for the detectability of breast cancer. A change in breast density from 6.6 to 33.5% (the inter-quartile range) reduced the odds of detection by 61% (95% CI 48–71). Similarly, a change in compressed breast thickness from 46 to 66 mm reduced the odds by 42% (95% CI 21–57). The true sensitivity of mammography, defined as the probability that an examination leads to a positive result if a tumour is present in the breast, is associated with compressed breast thickness after accounting for mammographic density and tumour size. This can be used to guide studies of setups aimed at improving lesion detection. Compressed breast thickness—in addition to breast density—should be considered when assigning complementary screening modalities and personalized screening intervals.
Biomediated control of colloidal silica grouting using microbial fermentation
Authors: Gomez Michael G. , Muchongwe Samantha T. , Graddy Charles M. R.
Published: August 2023

Colloidal silica grouting is a ground improvement technique capable of stabilizing weak problematic soils and achieving large reductions in soil hydraulic conductivities for applications including earthquake-induced liquefaction mitigation and groundwater flow control. In the conventional approach, chemical accelerants are added to colloidal silica suspensions that are introduced into soils targeted for improvement and the formation of a semi-solid silica gel occurs over time at a rate controlled by suspension chemistry and in situ geochemical conditions. Although the process has been extensively investigated, controlling the rate of gel formation in the presence of varying subsurface conditions and the limited ability of conventional methods to effectively monitor the gel formation process has posed practical challenges. In this study, a biomediated soil improvement process is proposed which utilizes enriched fermentative microorganisms to control the gelation of colloidal silica grouts through solution pH reductions and ionic strength increases. Four series of batch experiments were performed to investigate the ability of glucose fermenting microorganisms to be enriched in natural sands to induce geochemical changes capable of mediating silica gel formation and assess the effect of treatment solution composition on pH reduction behaviors. Complementary batch and soil column experiments were subsequently performed to upscale the process and explore the effectiveness of chemical, hydraulic, and geophysical methods to monitor microbial activity, gel formation, and engineering improvements. Results demonstrate that fermentative microorganisms can be successfully enriched and mediate gel formation in suspensions that would otherwise remain highly stable, thereby forgoing the need for chemical accelerants, increasing the reliability and control of colloidal silica grouting, enabling new monitoring approaches, and affording engineering enhancements comparable to conventional colloidal silica grouts.
Comparative heat stress responses of three hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes differing temperature sensitivity
Authors: Kim Min Kyoung , Jeong Hyo Bong , Yu Nari , Park Bo Mi , Chae Won Byoung , Lee Oak Jin , Lee Hye Eun , Kim Sumin
Published: August 2023

As global temperatures have steadily increased over past decades, studying of the impacts of heat stress on morpho-physiological traits and economic yields of horticultural crops have been increasingly gained attentions by many scientists and farmers. Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important vegetable crop mostly grown in open-fields in South Korea. In this study, the impacts of prolonged heat stress on three hot pepper genotypes differing by levels of stress susceptibility were evaluated. The study was conducted in two different temperature-controlled greenhouses for 75 days. 48 days old plants were grown in control and heat-treated greenhouses where the temperatures had been set at 30 °C and 35 °C during the day for 75 days, respectively. Morphological, physiological, and nutrient characteristics of three accessions were measured. All hot pepper accessions were enabled to recover from prolonged heat stress exposures within approximately a month. The phenomenon of recovery was observed in some significant morphological and physiological characteristics. For example, the plant growth rate and photosynthesis rate significantly increased after 40th days of heat treatment. The heat stress sensitivity varied between genotypes. The plants that produced more fruits over biomass at early stage of heat treatment had relatively slow recovery, resulting in the largest yield loss. This key morphological characteristic can be used for future breeding program to adapt the prolonged heat stress.
Restoration of soils contaminated with PAHs by the mixture of zeolite composites mixed with exogenous organic matter and mineral salts
Authors: Szerement Justyna , Kowalski Adam , Mokrzycki Jakub , Marcińska-Mazur Lidia , Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika
Published: August 2023

The major cause of soil degradation (contamination, erosion, compaction) is closely linked to agriculture, i.e., unsustainable agriculture practices, which are reflected in the depletion of the soil organic carbon pool, loss in soil biodiversity, and reduction of C sink capacity in soils. Therefore, the agricultural practice of applying carbon-rich materials into the soil is an attractive solution for climate change mitigation and soil ecosystem sustainability. The paper aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the addition of organic-mineral mixtures to the mineral salts (NPK), including the exogenous organic matter (lignite) mixed with zeolite-carbon (NaX-C) or zeolite-vermiculite (NaX-Ver) composites in the restoration of soils contaminated with PAHs. The addition of zeolite composites to fertilizer resulted in a significant reduction in soil PAH levels and a corresponding reduction in plant tissue content, without compromising yields, compared to the control and separate application of NPK. A Significant correlation between PAHs and pHH2O, pHKCl, EC and dehydrogenase activity (DhA) was found in soils. The addition of zeolite composites with lignite significantly reduced the content of PAHs in straws, especially following the application of NaX-C. However, in the case of grains, the highest percentage reduction in comparison to NPK was observed for the highest dose of NaX-Ver.
Vertical compressive bearing performance and optimization design method of large-diameter manually-excavated rock-socketed cast-in-place piles
Authors: Zhao Xiangmei , Yan Nan , Bai Xiaoyu , Sang Songkui , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhang Yamei , Zhang Mingyi
Published: August 2023

To study the vertical compressive bearing characteristics of large-diameter rock-socketed cast-in-place piles, eight manually-excavated rock-socketed cast-in-place piles were subjected to vertical compressive on-site load and pile stress tests. The test results showed that the load–displacement (Q-s) curves of the eight test piles were all slow-varying, and the settlement of the piles was less than 11 mm, which met the minimum engineering requirements. The unloading rebound rate was between 55 and 75%, and the elastic working properties of the piles were apparent. The pile axial force gradually decreased with depth, and the slope of the axial force distribution curve reached a minimum in the moderately weathered muddy siltstone layer while the pile side friction resistance reached its maximum value. Pile end friction increases with the increase of load. But the pile end resistance was inversely proportional to the single pile length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio and the depth of rock embedment for the pile. The percentage of pile side friction resistance under maximum load was 86%, indicating that these were characteristic friction piles. Based on the test results and the current Chinese code, the friction coefficient of the pile side soil layer η and the total resistance coefficient of the rock-socketed section ζ were introduced. A revision to the calculation equation for the vertical bearing capacity of the rock-socketed cast-in-place pile in the code was proposed, together with an optimization design method for large-diameter rock-socketed cast-in-place piles.
Exploring microbial diversity in hot springs of Surajkund, India through 16S rRNA analysis and thermozyme characterization from endogenous isolates
Authors: Soy S. , Lakra U. , Prakash P. , Suravajhala P. , Nigam V. K. , Sharma S. R. , Bayal N.
Published: August 2023

Hot springs are a valuable source of biologically significant chemicals due to their high microbial diversity. To investigate the possibilities for industrial uses of these bacteria, researchers collected water and sediment samples from variety of hot springs. Our investigation employed both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques, including 16S-based marker gene analysis of the microbiota from the hot springs of Surajkund, Jharkhand. In addition, we cultivated thermophilic isolates and screened for their ability to produce amylase, xylanase, and cellulase. After the optimized production of amylase the enzyme was partially purified and characterized using UPLC, DLS-ZP, and TGA. The retention time for the amylase was observed to be around 0.5 min. We confirmed the stability of the amylase at higher temperatures through observation of a steady thermo gravimetric profile at 400 °C. One of the thermophilic isolates obtained from the kund, demonstrated the potential to degrade lignocellulosic agricultural waste.
Cantharellus cibariusFr./Cantharellus subalbidius/Cantharellus lateritiusSinger (Chanterelle)
Authors: de Carvalho Cruz Rosana , Sheashea Mohamed
Published: August 2023

Mushrooms of the genus Cantharellus sp. belong to Basidiomycota, class: Agaricomycetes; order: Cantharellales; family: Cantharellaceae. Cantharellus cibarius (C. cibarius, known as chanterelle) is a fungus known for its characteristic strong earthy flavor. It is considered to be difficult to grow, but under specific and controlled conditions (temperature, pH sources of carbon and nitrogen) its cultivation in the laboratory is possible. This fungus is distributed in different geographic regions, such as America, Asia, and Europe. They are considered to be good suppliers of different types of essential biomolecules and various types of microelements, which is why the interest in the food industry has increased. Different types of C. cibarius biomolecules, especially polysaccharides, have pharmacological potential, exhibiting immunostimulant, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties. In addition, they are considered to be good indicators for monitoring environmental pollution, such as the detection of the presence of heavy metals, radioactive substances, and misuse of pesticides. Cantharellus sp. still need more comparative phylogenetic studies and the morphological characterization of its structures. New species are discovered all the time. The economic and cultural importance of this fungus demonstrate that its consumption and research related to its different applicability will only tend to grow.
Enokitake (Flammulina velutipes)
Authors: Nugraha Ari Satia , Wongso Hendris , Pratoko Dwi Koko , Wangchuk Phurpa
Published: August 2023

Flammulina velutipes is one of the most important commercialized mushrooms across the globe, with an annual market share of billions of dollars. The mushroom is consumed not only due to its nutritional value but also its medicinal properties; 76 secondary metabolites have been isolated, characterised, and reported to show a range of health benefits, from antihypertensive to anticancer properties. Nevertheless, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system practice is necessary to warrant the value as well as safety of cultivated mushroom products as the global market for mushroom is increasing every year.
Russula virescens (Schaeff.) Fr./Russula adusta Krombh./Russula delica Fr./Russula nigricans (Bull.) Fr./Russula cyanoxantha
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Sharma Shivani , Kaur Jaspreet , Sodhi Harpreet Singh
Published: August 2023

Mushrooms have been part of the human diet in many regions of the world for centuries due to their organoleptic properties and nutritional values. Macrofungi are also known as being new and fertile sources of bioactive compounds, such as terpenoids, carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, and minerals. Russula mushrooms are considered a delicacy with high nutritional and functional value and are also accepted as nutraceutical foods. They are of considerable interest for their organoleptic value, medicinal properties and antioxidant properties. Recently, mushroom extracts and their secondary metabolites have received considerable attention for their biological effects, which include antioxidant, anti-obesity, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory activities. However, studies on fungi are insufficient, as some historically valued species have yet to be found or explored. Overall, this chapter covers the vast bioactive potential of the Russulaceae family that could be exploited in the food safety industry.
A lysosome-targeted triazole near-infrared cyanine fluorescent probe for in vivo long-term cell tracking
Authors: Yu Xianrong , Wu Yu , Tang Wei , Duan Xinrui
Published: August 2023

A lysosome-targeted triazole NIR cyanine fluorescent probe IR780-NT-NH2 with high photostability and brightness, excellent lysosomal targeting ability, and ideal cellular retention ability was developed for in vivo long-term cell tracking.
ICAM-1-decorated extracellular vesicles loaded with miR-146a and Glut1 drive immunomodulation and hinder tumor progression in a murine model of breast cancer
Authors: Duarte-Sanmiguel Silvia , Salazar-Puerta Ana I. , Panic Ana , Dodd Daniel , Francis Carlie , Alzate-Correa Diego , Ortega-Pineda Lilibeth , Lemmerman Luke , Rincon-Benavides Maria A. , Dathathreya Kavya , Lawrence William , Ott Neil , Zhang Jingjing , Deng Binbin , Wang Shipeng , Santander Sandra P. , McComb David W. , Reategui Eduardo , Palmer Andre F. , Carson William E. , Higuita-Castro Natalia , Gallego-Perez Daniel
Published: August 2023

Tissue nanotransfection (TNT)-driven extracellular vesicles mediate immunomodulation and hinder tumor progression in a mouse model of breast cancer.
Insight into the structures of unusual base pairs in RNA complexes containing a primer/template/adenosine ligand
Authors: Dantsu Yuliya , Zhang Ying , Zhang Wen
Published: August 2023

RNA self-copying using an activated adenosine substrate is challenging. Our structure studies reveal the binding motifs of adenosine substrates. The obtained structures explain the disfavorable conformations for nucleophilic reactions.
Recent advances in zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) based nanostructures for magnetic hyperthermia applications
Authors: Sahoo Priyambada , Choudhary Piyush , Laha Suvra S. , Dixit Ambesh , Mefford O. Thompson
Published: August 2023

Zinc ferrite based nanostructures for magnetic hyperthermia applications.
Sulfonic-acid-based lyotropic bicontinuous cubic polymer network for molecular-size-selective heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Culley Keira E. , Johnson Christopher , Gin Douglas L.
Published: August 2023

A nanoporous, bicontinuous cubic, lyotropic liquid crystal polymer resin with sulfonic acid groups is presented that exhibits high catalytic activity and is capable of molecular-size-selective heterogeneous acid catalysis.
Homocoupling of benzyl pyridyl ethers via visible light-mediated deoxygenation
Authors: Chen Jingtian , Wang Fan , Li Xiang , Wang Lei , Yu Wei , Sun Keju , Yang Jingyue
Published: August 2023

The challenging cleavage of C–O bonds in ethers was successfully accomplished through a visible light-mediated deoxygenation process of benzyl pyridyl ethers via their corresponding pyridinium salts.
Advent and features of pyriporphyrinoids: an overview of a pyridine-based porphyrin analogue
Authors: Das Mainak , Srinivasan A.
Published: August 2023

Pyriporphyrinoids are constructed using pyridine unit(s) and various functionalized heterocyclic or carbocyclic building block(s), paving the way towards applications in material science and emerging as a distinctive class of porphyrinoids to discuss.
Difluoromethylene insertion into fluoroalkyl copper complexes
Authors: Zhou Yuyang , Doi Ryohei , Ogoshi Sensuke
Published: August 2023

Herein, we report the insertion of a difluoromethylene into 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-arylethyl copper complexes to synthesize extended perfluoroalkyl-bridged compounds with various functional groups on each edge.
Energetic performance of trinitromethyl nitrotriazole (TNMNT) and its energetic salts
Authors: Lal Sohan , Staples Richard J. , Shreeve Jean’ne M.
Published: August 2023

Trinitromethyl nitrotriazole (TNMNT) and its hydrazinium and potassium salts exhibit several unique energetic properties, which suggest their potential as solid propellants and oxidizers.
Di-triazole boat conformation leads to metal–organic nanotube while chair conformation leads to coordination polymer
Authors: Nalaoh Phattananawee , Jenkins David M.
Published: August 2023

Aliphatic-cored di-1,2,4-triazole ligands form both a metal–organic nanotube (MONT) and a coordination polymer upon reaction with silver nitrate.
Thermal conductivity of fivefold twinned silicon-germanium heteronanowires
Authors: Zhou Ziyue , Zeng Jincheng , Song Zixuan , Lin Yanwen , Shi Qiao , Hao Yongchao , Fu Yuequn , Zhang Zhisen , Wu Jianyang
Published: August 2023

The thermal transport properties of five-fold twinned (5FT) germanium–silicon (Ge–Si) heteronanowires (h-NWs) with varying cross-sectional areas, germanium (Ge) domain ratios and heterostructural patterns are investigated using homogeneous nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (HNEMD) simulations.
W-doped VO2 for high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Yang Guangxu , Yang Shuhua , Sun Jinfeng , Duan Guangbin , Cao Bingqiang , Liu Zongming
Published: August 2023

W-doped VO2 with the pre-insertion of W6+ and the introduction of the W–O bond, accomplishing expanded lattice spacing and a stable structure, is developed to achieve both improved kinetics and long cycle life for aqueous Zn-ion batteries.
Intermolecular resonance energy transfer between two lutein pigments in light-harvesting complex II studied by frenkel exciton models
Authors: Li Jiarui , Zeng Tao , Zhai Yu , Qu Zexing , Li Hui
Published: August 2023

Stochastic exciton models with energy gaps and coupling values based on statistical characteristics of ensemble data are used to describe the energy transfer between two lutein pigments in antenna complexes.
Extreme NMR shielding in fluoro-nitrogen cations
Authors: Wilson David J. D.
Published: August 2023

High-level coupled-cluster calculations of gas-phase NMR shielding to near quantitative accuracy reveal extreme 19F and 15N NMR shielding in N–F cations.
Insights into structure–function relationships of mesoporous H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts for direct amination of cyclohexene with NH3
Authors: Peng Haoyu , Luo Chao , Leng Jincheng , Zhang Zhenjie , Zhong Wenzhou , Mao Liqiu , Zou Gouqiang , Yin Dulin
Published: August 2023

This work describes a novel strategy of employing Brønsted acidic ZSM-5 zeolites with meso–microporous architecture as a solid acid catalyst for direct amination of cyclohexene with NH3 to prepare cyclohexylamine.
Potential dependence of gluconic acid to glucose electroreduction on silver
Authors: Wolfsgruber Maria , Patil Prathamesh , Pichler Christian M. , Bischof Robert H. , Budnyk Serhiy , Paulik Christian , Rodrigues Bruno V. M. , Slabon Adam
Published: August 2023

The electrocatalytic conversion of gluconic acid, an aldonic acid, as a model component of spent sulfite liquor (SSL) represents a green approach for side stream valorization.
A deep learning model for type II polyketide natural product prediction without sequence alignment
Authors: Huang Jiaquan , Gao Qiandi , Tang Ying , Wu Yaxin , Zhang Heqian , Qin Zhiwei
Published: August 2023

Utilizing a large protein language model, we have formulated a deep learning framework designed for predicting type II polyketide natural products.
Phosphine/thiolate-containing dinitrosyl cobalt complexes (DNCCs): synthesis, characterization, interconversion, X-ray diffraction identification and NO release
Authors: Chang Wen-Chieh , Du Wan-Tin , Lin Yi-Xuan , Jhang Ruei-Lin , Hsieh Chung-Hung
Published: August 2023

DiNitrosyl Cobalt Complexes: This article describes the synthesis and characterization of cationic, neutral, and anionic DNCCs, demonstrating the interconversions and NO releasing ability akin to what is observed in DNICs.
Fabrication of N-doped carbon-coated MnO/ZnMn2O4 cathode materials for high-capacity aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Huang Tianhao , Cheng Mingren , Yuan Yuechao , Kong Lingjun , Chang Ze , Bu Xian-He
Published: August 2023

A porous N-doped carbon-coated manganese oxide/zinc manganate (MZM@N-C) composite was successfully prepared as advanced cathode material for aqueous ZIBs.
Rh-coordinated histidyl bolaamphiphile assembly: a catalyst for the isomerization of cis-stilbene and cis-alkene
Authors: Lee Junsang , Kim Minji , Lee Hyesung , Lee Sang-Yup
Published: August 2023

Rh-coordinated histidyl bolaamphiphile assembly displays catalytic isomerization activity toward cis-stilbene and cis-alkenes.
N-Heterocyclic carbene and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene ligated half-sandwich complexes of chromium(ii) and chromium(i)
Authors: Horrer Günther , Luff Martin S. , Radius Udo
Published: August 2023

Cr(ii) NHC complexes of the type [{CrCl(L)(μ-Cl)}2], [(η5-C5R5)Cr(NHC)(X)] (η5-C5R5 = C5H5, C5Me5, C9H7, C13H9; X = Cl, η3-allyl, NPh2; NHC = IMeMe, IiPrMe, IMes, IDipp, cAACMe) and the Cr(i) metalloradical [(η5-C5Me5)Cr(CO)2(IMeMe)] are reported.
The key constituents underlying the combined toxicity of eight cosmetic contaminants towards Vibrio qinghaiensis
Authors: Zeng Jian-ping , Zhang Jin , Zhou Na-na , Shen Hui-yan , Hong Gui-yun
Published: August 2023

Pathways for finding key components of toxicity and interaction intensity of cosmetic contaminants.
Reducing the pH dependence of hydrogen evolution kinetics via surface reactivity diversity in medium-entropy alloys
Authors: Zhang Bao , Yao Jia , Liu Jia , Zhang Tao , Wan Houzhao , Wang Hao
Published: August 2023

A surface reactivity diversity strategy is proposed for reducing the pH dependence of HER kinetics in medium-entropy alloys, in which favorable adsorption of intermediates at different pH levels can be achieved by diverse surface sites.
Physicochemical properties and anti-diabetic ability of polysaccharides from a thinned peach fruit
Authors: Zhou Leyi , Song Yu , Jiang Yi , Wei Yingying , Jiang Shu , Chen Yi , Ye Jianfen , Shao Xingfeng
Published: August 2023

Polysaccharides from thinned peach fruit exhibit excellent anti-diabetic ability in vitro and in vivo.
Biobased dimethyl isosorbide as an efficient solvent for alkaline hydrolysis of waste polyethylene terephthalate to terephthalic acid
Authors: Yu Haitao , Wang Yang , Chen Lan , Wei Chenyang , Mu Tiancheng , Xue Zhimin
Published: August 2023

Biobased DMI showed good ability to rapidly dissolve PET with a solubility of 0.3 gPET gDMI−1 at 170 °C in 10 min and DMI-based solvents were highly effective for alkaline hydrolysis of PET to generate TPA with a yield of 99.6% at 100 °C in 30 min.
Visible-light-driven [3 + 2] cyclization of phenols with indoles and olefins using recyclable Ag3PO4 nanoparticles
Authors: Guo Lirong , Chen Guanjie , Li Haibin , Tung Chen-Ho , Wang Yifeng
Published: August 2023

Ag3PO4 was used in the oxidative [3 + 2] annulation of phenols with styrenes and indoles under visible-light irradiation. A number of structurally diverse benzofuroindolines and 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans were synthesized.
Influence of carbon additions on microstructures and mechanical properties in additive manufactured superalloys
Authors: Xie Mingjun , Zhao Yan , Guan Jianjun , Yang Yanhong , Fu Yuting
Published: August 2023

Combined with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, the effects of carbon contents on mechanical properties of nickel superalloys fabricated by laser metal deposition were studied.
Are MXenes suitable for soft multifunctional composites?
Authors: Chiew Cerwyn , Malakooti Mohammad H.
Published: August 2023

A material design framework is formulated to investigate how MXenes’ size, layered structure, and volume fraction impact the elasticity and functionality of their composites, expediting their application in flexible electronics and wearables.
Synthesis, characterisation, electrocatalytic HER activity, and electrical resistivity of 3R-NbS2 nanosheets
Authors: Chithaiah Pallellappa , Mallick Sakil , Binwal Devesh Chandra , Bhui Animesh , Rao C. N. R.
Published: August 2023

3R-NbS2 nanosheets were obtained at high temperature by decomposing of the Nb–HDA complex with H2S gas in a N2 atmosphere. The temperature-dependent electrical resistivity and electrochemical HER activity of 3R-NbS2 were measured.
Fabrication of carbon-coated chromium nitride (CrN@C) and chromium oxynitride (CrON) nanoparticles by a thermal plasma technique for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Kumaresan L. , Selvakumar C. , Shanmugavelayutham G. , Jayasankar K.
Published: August 2023

In the past few decades, due to overutilization of natural resources, there has been an increasing energy demand that necessitates the development of a new candidate material for energy storage and conversion applications.
Synthesis, structural, and photophysical properties of pyrazolyl bis(pentafluorophenyl)boron complexes
Authors: Murali Anna Chandrasekar , Pratakshya Preeta , Patel Pratiksha , Nayak Prakash , Peruncheralathan Saravanan , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan
Published: August 2023

The synthesis of two different types of tetra-phenyl pyrazole anchored N,O-chelated bis(pentafluorophenyl)boron compounds is presented. The impact of the position of boron chelation was studied using photophysical studies and DFT analysis.
A single filament biomechanical study of the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Type III secretion system reveals a high elastic aspect ratio
Authors: Elias-Mordechai Moran , David Nofar , Oren Sonia , Georgia Pelah Maya , Jopp Jürgen , Fichtman Boris , Harel Amnon , Berkovich Ronen , Sal-Man Neta
Published: August 2023

The mechanical response of individual T3SS filaments was measured by pulling on filaments extending out from bacterial surfaces and by pressing into detached filaments. The longitudinal and radial elastic moduli yielded an aspect ratio of ∼1 : 220.