bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of broth disk elution method for aztreonam in combination with ceftazidime/avibactam against
Enterobacterales
isolates
Authors: Song Peipei , Xu Jian , Jiang Lan , Zhang Qin , Liu Chenggui
Published: September 2024

The combination of aztreonam with ceftazidime/avibactam is considered a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of infections caused by metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates. In this study,
in vitro
antibacterial activity of aztreonam with avibactam against 204 carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacterales
was determined by broth disk elution (BDE) method of two detection volumes (5- and 2-mL broth), with broth microdilution (BMD) method as a reference. For the BDE-5mL test, the categorical agreement (CA) of ATM+CZA
-lo
tube (aztreonam/ceftazidime/avibactam: 6/6/4 mg/L) was 99.5%, with 0.5% major error (ME) and 0% very major error (VME); the CA of 2ATM+CZA
-lo
tube (12/6/4 mg/L) was 100%, with no ME and VME. For the BDE-2mL test, the CA of ATM+2CZA
-hi
tube (15/10/4 mg/L) was 98.5%, with 0% ME and 37.5% VME; the CA of 2ATM+2CZA
-hi
tube (30/10/4 mg/L) was 97.1%, with 0% ME and 75% VME. The BDE-5 mL test is an economical and practical method for clinical microbiology laboratories to determine the antibacterial susceptibility of aztreonam with avibactam against
Enterobacterales
, especially the 2ATM+CZA
-lo
tube with a final concentration of 12/6/4 mg/L of aztreonam/ceftazidime/avibactam.

IMPORTANCE

Infections caused by metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing
Enterobacterales
are increasingly reported worldwide, and it is a significant challenge for clinical infection treatment. MBLs are adept at hydrolyzing almost all traditional β-lactam antibiotics except aztreonam, and the enzyme activity cannot be inhibited by traditional or novel β-lactamase inhibitors. The good thing is that the combination of aztreonam with ceftazidime/avibactam has been proven to be one of the potential therapeutic approaches for treating infections related with MBL-producing isolates. Broth microdilution (BMD) method is recommended as a reference method for its accuracy, but it is too complex to perform in most routine laboratories. Finding a more convenient, practical, and accurate susceptibility testing method for aztreonam/avibactam in clinical microbiology laboratories is very necessary. Here, we evaluated the performance of broth disk elution (BDE) method for aztreonam in combination with ceftazidime/avibactam against
Enterobacterales
isolates, with BMD as a reference.
Investigation of abnormal liver blood tests in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Scott Jennifer Amy , Mysko Christopher , Purssell Huw , Athwal Varinder S
Published: September 2024

Liver blood test (LBT) abnormalities are common in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The majority are self-limiting, with only 5% having clinically significant liver disease. Liver conditions most frequently associated with IBD include primary sclerosing cholangitis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). A combination of clinical assessment, blood tests and imaging can be used to help establish the causality and severity of abnormal LBTs in people with IBD.

The use of immunomodulatory therapies for IBD has increased the incidence of abnormal LBTs. Most cases are self-limiting and clinically significant injury is rare, particularly with the newer therapeutic agents. Azathioprine and antitumour necrosis factor-α therapies have the greatest risk of liver injury. A clear timeline of drug initiation or dose escalation is essential when interpreting abnormal LBTs to identify DILI. Signs of serious liver dysfunction should prompt immediate cessation of the drug. Otherwise, a patient-centred approach is required when deciding on drug alteration, including the assessment of therapeutic efficacy and the availability of alternative treatment options.
Association between state minimum wage and firearm suicides in the USA, 2000–2020
Authors: Merrill-Francis Molly , Dunphy Christopher , Lennon Natalie , Chen May S , Grady Catherine , Miller Gabrielle F , Girod Candace , McCourt Alexander Duncan
Published: September 2024

Background

Firearm suicides constitute a major public health issue. Policies that enhance economic security and decrease community-level poverty may be effective strategies for reducing risk of firearm suicide. This study examined the association between state minimum wage and firearm suicide.

Methods

State minimum wage, obtained from Temple’s Law Atlas and augmented by legal research, was conceptualised using the modified Kaitz Index and a continuous variable centred on the federal minimum wage. State-level suicide counts were obtained from 2000 to 2020 multiple-cause-of-death mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System. Log-linear regressions were conducted to model the associations between state minimum wage and firearm suicides, stratifying by demographic groups. Analyses were conducted in 2023.

Results

A one percentage point increase in a state’s modified Kaitz Index was associated with a 0.3% (95% CI −0.6% to –0.0%) decrease in firearm suicides within a state. A US$1.00 increase in a state’s minimum wage above the federal minimum wage was associated with a 1.4% (95% CI −2.1% to –0.6%) decrease in firearm suicides. When stratified by quartile of firearm ownership, the modified Kaitz Index was associated with decreases in firearm suicides most consistently in the two lowest quartiles.

Conclusion

Increasing a state’s minimum wage may be a policy option to consider as part of a comprehensive approach to reducing firearm suicides. These findings expand the evidence base for how economic policies may be leveraged to reduce firearm suicides.
Spatiotemporal variation in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) foraging ecology along western Hudson Bay, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Faulkner Connor W. , Ittinuar Sonny J. , Tartak Clayton U. , L'Herault Vincent , Harris Les N. , Davoren Gail K. , Yurkowski David J.
Published: September 2024

Climate-induced alterations to Arctic sea ice dynamics are influencing resource availability and distribution, and in turn, restructuring Arctic marine food webs, which can be monitored by studying the foraging ecology of opportunistic predators such as anadromous Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus). Despite its subsistence and economic importance, Arctic char foraging ecology across their range, particularly in relation to sea ice dynamics, remains understudied. Here, we investigate the foraging ecology of Arctic char near the communities of Rankin Inlet and Naujaat along western Hudson Bay, using stomach contents, stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N), and highly branched isoprenoids. Spatiotemporal variation in diet was observed in relation to sea ice dynamics, whereby Arctic char in Rankin Inlet consumed more fish and phytoplankton-based carbon, occupied a higher trophic position, and displayed a similar isotopic niche breadth compared to Naujaat. The plastic foraging ecology observed highlights the species' adaptability to inter-annual variability, although long-term resilience in response to climate-driven changes remains unknown.
Stabilizing selection and mitochondrial heteroplasmy in the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis)
Authors: Forbes Krystyn J. , Barrera McIntyre A. , Nielsen-Roine Karsten , Hersh Evan W. , Janes Jasmine K. , Harrower William L. , Gorrell Jamieson C.
Published: September 2024

Mitochondrial DNA is commonly used in population genetic studies to investigate spatial structure, intraspecific variation, and phylogenetic relationships. The control region is the most rapidly evolving and largest non-coding region, but its analysis can be complicated by heteroplasmic signals of genome duplication in many mammals, including felids. Here, we describe the presence of heteroplasmy in the control region of Canada lynx ( Lynx canadensis) through intra-individual sequence variation. Our results demonstrate multiple haplotypes of varying length in each lynx, resulting from different copy numbers of the repetitive sequence RS-2 and suggest possible heteroplasmic single nucleotide polymorphisms in both repetitive sequences RS-2 and RS-3. Intra-individual variation was only observed in the repetitive sequences while inter-individual variation was detected in the flanking regions outside of the repetitive sequences, indicating that heteroplasmic mutations are restricted to these repeat regions. Although each lynx displayed multiple haplotypes of varying length, we found the most common variant contained three complete copies of the RS-2 repeat unit, suggesting copy number is regulated by stabilizing selection. While genome duplication offers potential for increased diversity, heteroplasmy may lead to a selective advantage or detriment in the face of mitochondrial function and disease, which could have significant implications for wildlife populations experiencing decline (e.g., bottlenecks) as a result of habitat modification or climate change.
Chromosomal diversity in Crematogaster Lund, 1831 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) from the Amazon rainforest
Authors: Silveira Linda Inês , Teixeira Gisele Amaro , Barros Luísa Antônia Campos , Dergam Jorge Abdala , de Aguiar Hilton Jeferson Alves Cardoso
Published: September 2024

Crematogaster Lund, 1831 is a speciose ant genus globally distributed and easily recognizable. Although biogeographical theories explain some variation among Neotropical Crematogaster, several taxonomical issues remain unresolved. While cytogenetic approaches can help to delimit species, cytogenetic data are only available for 18 taxa. In this study, classical and molecular cytogenetic analyses were performed on five Crematogaster species from the Brazilian Amazon to identify species-specific patterns. Two different cytotypes, both with 2 n = 22 chromosomes were observed in Crematogaster erecta Mayr, 1866, suggesting the presence of cryptic species, although with different karyotypic formulas. Crematogaster aff. erecta had 2 n = 28, while Crematogaster limata Smith, 1858, Crematogaster tenuicula Forel, 1904, and Crematogaster sp. had 2 n = 38. The telomeric motif (TTAGG) n was found in all five species, and the (TCAGG) n motif was detected in the telomeres of C. limata. This peculiar motif was also detected in the centromeric regions of C. erecta cytotype I. The microsatellite (GA) n was dispersed in the chromosomes of all species studied, which also had a single intrachromosomal rDNA site. The cytogenetic results revealed notable interspecific and intraspecific variation, which suggests different chromosomal rearrangements involved in the origin of these variations, also highlighting the taxonomic value of cytogenetic data on Crematogaster.
Thin layer axion dynamo
Authors: Dvornikov Maxim
Published: September 2024

We study interacting classical magnetic and pseudoscalar fields in frames of the axion electrodynamics. A large scale pseudoscalar field can be the coherent superposition of axions or axion like particles. We consider the evolution of these fields inside a spherical clump. Decomposing the magnetic field into the poloidal and toroidal components, we take into account their symmetry properties. Within a spherical clump, we use a thin layer approximation in the induction and Klein–Gordon equations, where the dependence of the fields on the latitude is accounted for. Then, we derive the dynamo equations in the low mode approximation. The nonlinear evolution equations for the harmonics of the magnetic and pseudoscalar fields are solved numerically. As an application, we consider a dense axion star embedded in solar plasma. The behavior of the harmonics and their typical oscillations frequencies are obtained. We suggest that such small size axionic objects, containing oscillating magnetic fields, can cause electromagnetic flashes, recently observed in the solar corona, contributing to the corona heating.
A class of germs arising from homogenization in traffic flow on junctions
Authors: Cardaliaguet Pierre , Forcadel Nicolas , Monneau Régis
Published: September 2024

We consider traffic flows described by conservation laws. We mainly study a 2:1 junction (with two incoming roads and one outgoing road). At the mesoscopic level, the priority law at the junction is given by traffic lights, which are periodic in time; the traffic can also be slowed down by periodic in time flux-limiters. Looking at long-time behavior and on large space scale, we intuitively expect an effective junction condition to emerge, thus deriving a macroscopic model from the mesoscopic one. At the limit of the rescaling, we show rigorous homogenization of the problem and identify the effective junction condition, which belongs to a general class of germs (in the terminology of [B. Andreianov, K. H. Karlsen and N. H. Risebro, A theory of [Formula: see text]-dissipative solvers for scalar conservation laws with discontinuous flux, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 201 (2011) 27–86; U. S. Fjordholm, M. Musch and N. H. Risebro, Well-posedness and convergence of a finite volume method for conservation laws on networks, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 60(2) (2022) 606–630; M. Musch, U. S. Fjordholm and N. H. Risebro, Well-posedness theory for nonlinear scalar conservation laws on networks, Netw. Heterog. Media 17 (2022) 101–128]). The proof of homogenization requires two steps: our first key result is the identification of this germ and of a characteristic subgerm which determines the whole germ. The second key result is the construction of a family of correctors whose values at infinity are related to each element of the characteristic subgerm. This construction is indeed explicit at the level of some mixed Hamilton–Jacobi equations for concave Hamiltonians (i.e. fluxes). The solutions are found in the spirit of representation formulas for optimal control problems.
Vanishing adsorption limit of Riemann problem solutions for the polymer model
Authors: Petrova Yulia , Plohr Bradley J. , Marchesin Dan
Published: September 2024

We examine the vanishing adsorption limit of solutions of Riemann problems for the Glimm–Isaacson model of chemical flooding of a petroleum reservoir. A contact discontinuity is deemed admissible if it is the limit of traveling waves or rarefaction waves for an augmented system that accounts for weak chemical adsorption onto the rock. We prove that this criterion justifies the admissibility criteria adopted previously by Keyfitz–Kranzer, Isaacson–Temple and de Souza–Marchesin, provided that the fractional flow function depends monotonically on chemical concentration. We also demonstrate that the adsorption criterion selects the undercompressive contact discontinuities required to solve the general Riemann problem in an example model with non-monotone dependence.
Conversational Breakdown in a Customer Service Chatbot: Impact of Task Order and Criticality on User Trust and Emotion
Authors: Følstad Asbjørn , Law Effie L.-C. , van As Nena
Published: September 2024

While chatbots are increasingly used for customer service, there is a knowledge gap concerning the impact of Conversational Breakdown in such chatbot interactions. In a 2

\({\times}\)

4 factorial design online experiment, we studied how Conversational Breakdown impacts user emotion and trust in a chatbot for customer service, given variations in task criticality and breakdown task order. Here, 257 participants were randomly assigned to complete high- or low-criticality tasks with a prototype chatbot for customer service, experiencing Conversational Breakdown for the first, second, third or none of their tasks. The task set was decided from a 63-participant pre-study. We found significant impact of Conversational Breakdown, including a marked order effect on overall trust, as well as a bounce-back effect on task-specific trust and emotion after subsequent successful task completion. We found no post-interaction effect of Task Criticality. Based on our findings, we discuss theoretical and practical implications and suggest future research.
A Survey of Text Watermarking in the Era of Large Language Models
Authors: Liu Aiwei , Pan Leyi , Lu Yijian , Li Jingjing , Hu Xuming , Zhang Xi , Wen Lijie , King Irwin , Xiong Hui , Yu Philip
Published: September 2024

Text watermarking algorithms are crucial for protecting the copyright of textual content. Historically, their capabilities and application scenarios were limited. However, recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized these techniques. LLMs not only enhance text watermarking algorithms with their advanced abilities but also create a need for employing these algorithms to protect their own copyrights or prevent potential misuse. This work conducts a comprehensive survey of the current state of text watermarking technology, covering four main aspects: (1) an overview and comparison of different text watermarking techniques; (2) evaluation methods for text watermarking algorithms, including their detectability, impact on text or LLM quality, and robustness under target or untargeted attacks; (3) potential application scenarios for text watermarking technology; and (4) current challenges and future directions for text watermarking. This survey aims to provide researchers with a thorough understanding of text watermarking technology in the era of LLMs, thereby promoting its further advancement.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rare-earth Ferrate for Electrochemical Detection of 4-Aminophenol in Food Samples and Products
Authors: Manimaran Parthasarathi , Rajaji Umamaheswari , Chen Shen-Ming , Ramalingam Karthik Raja , A. Aldossari Samar , Liu Ting-Yu
Published: September 2024

4-Aminophenol (4-APL/4-AP) is one of the toxic chemicals in the water sources. The electrochemical oxidation of 4-APL reaction was studied by electrochemical method with SPCE modified with perovskite rare-Earth ferrate (PrFeO3). The nanomaterials were characterize using various morphological analysis by TEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman, XPS. PrFeO3 needles modified SPCE demonstrated excellent electrocatalytic performance towards the electrooxidation of 4-APL under pH 7.0, having anodic peak current significantly higher than those of the bare SPCE. Using CV and amperometry method to analyse the sensor performance toward 4-APL detection. In CV, the synthetic sensor plays wide 4-APL detection range from 100–500 μM. In amperometry method, the sensor plays wide range of 4-APL detection from 0.03 to 1859 μM and the limit of detection is 0.014 μM. Mainly the proposed sensor material of PrFeO3/SPCE exhibit an excellent 4-APL detection carrying out in various food samples. Furthermore, regarding 4-APL analysis, PrFeO3/SPCE demonstrate outstanding selectivity, low limit of detection, repeatability, reproducibility, and operational stability.
Modeling Particle Versus SEI Cracking in Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation: Why Calendar and Cycle Aging Cannot Simply be Added
Authors: Karger Alexander , O’Kane Simon E. J. , Rogge Marcel , Kirst Cedric , Singer Jan P. , Marinescu Monica , Offer Gregory J. , Jossen Andreas
Published: September 2024

Degradation models are important tools for understanding and mitigating lithium-ion battery aging, yet a universal model that can predict degradation under all operating conditions remains elusive. One challenge is the coupled influence of calendar and cycle aging phases on degradation mechanisms, such as solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. In this work, we identify and systematically compare three different SEI interaction theories found in the literature, and apply them to experimental degradation data from a commercial lithium-ion cell. In a step-by-step process, and after careful data selection, we show that SEI delamination without any cracking of the active particles, and SEI microcracking, where cycling only affects SEI growth during the cycle itself, are both unlikely candidates. Instead, the results indicate that upon cycling, both the SEI and the active particle crack, and we provide a simple, 4-parameter equation that can predict the particle crack rate. Contrary to the widely-accepted Paris’ law, the particle crack rate decreases with increasing cycles, potentially due to changing intercalation dynamics resulting from the increasing surface-to-volume ratio of the active particles. The proposed model predicts SEI formation accurately at different storage conditions, while simply adding the degradation from pure calendar and cycle aging underestimates the total degradation.
Electrochemical Investigation of Moisture Byproducts in Molten Calcium Chloride
Authors: Shum Rankin , Cragun Marah , Williams Tyler , Rappleye Devin
Published: September 2024

Residual water in molten CaCl2 reacts to form different byproducts, such as HCl, which can impact the corrosivity of the salt and efficiency of electrochemical operations, such as electrolytic oxide reduction and electrorefining. The ability to detect and quantify these byproducts electrochemically can provide feedback on the efficacy of vacuum drying and other purification methods, as well as the impact of these byproducts on process operations. An electrochemical signal’s association with the production of H2 is verified and characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and residual gas analysis. CV estimated a 2-electron exchange process associated with H2 production. CV detected trace quantities of an oxidized species containing hydrogen in the salt on the order of 10 ppm. Different salt handling methods were compared for their impact on the hydrogen electrochemical signal. It was found that 30 min of exposure of CaCl2 in a beaker to low-humidity air (<20%) had minimal impact on the H2 production signal.
Cathodic Decomposition Electrodes as Standard Reference Electrodes for Molten Salts: Example of the Lithium Eutectic Electrode for the LiCl-KCl Eutectic
Authors: Lichtenstein Timothy , Schvaneveldt Mark H. , Gesualdi Jarrod , Hawthorne Krista L.
Published: September 2024

Alternatives to the widely-used standard anodic decomposition reference electrodes in molten salts are necessary to enable more easily reproduced thermochemical and electrochemical data in molten salt electrolytes. The class of standard reference electrodes called cathodic decomposition electrodes (CDEs) are easily constructed and can be used to make thermochemical measurements in molten salts more directly compared to anodic decomposition electrodes. The lithium eutectic electrode (LEE) was chosen as a sample test case for validation and was applied to thermochemical measurements of electroactive species in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic. Transient measurements were made to measure the Li+/Li reduction potential at zero current in pure LiCl-KCl eutectic relative to a Li-alloy reference electrode to validate the reference potential of the LEE. Literature-reported electromotive force measurements against Li-alloy reference electrodes were used to generate a relationship between the LEE and the standard chlorine electrode and this relationship was used to evaluate measured and reported formal potential measurements for the LiCl-KCl-GdCl3 system. This work demonstrates the general framework for defining CDEs for any molten salt system and a method for calibrating external reference electrodes against a CDE standard reference electrode, improving the ease of obtaining thermochemical and electrochemical measurements in any molten salt system.
Beyond ATP: Metabolite Networks as Regulators of Physiological and Pathological Erythroid Differentiation
Authors: Joly Axel , Schott Arthur , Phadke Ira , Gonzalez-Menendez Pedro , Kinet Sandrina , Taylor Naomi
Published: September 2024

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess the capacity for self-renewal and the sustained production of all mature blood cell lineages. It has been well established that a metabolic rewiring controls the switch of HSCs from a self-renewal state to a more differentiated state, but it is only recently that we have appreciated the importance of metabolic pathways in regulating the commitment of progenitors to distinct hematopoietic lineages. In the context of erythroid differentiation, an extensive network of metabolites, including amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, fatty acids, vitamins, and iron, is required for red blood cell (RBC) maturation. In this review, we highlight the multifaceted roles via which metabolites regulate physiological erythropoiesis as well as the effects of metabolic perturbations on erythroid lineage commitment and differentiation. Of note, the erythroid differentiation process is associated with an exceptional breadth of solute carrier (SLC) metabolite transporter upregulation. Finally, we discuss how recent research, revealing the critical impact of metabolic reprogramming in diseases of disordered and ineffective erythropoiesis, has created opportunities for the development of novel metabolic-centered therapeutic strategies.
State‐of‐the‐Art Seismic Studies of Loess Tunnels in China
Authors: Li Dengke , Ma Weigong , Wang Lanmin , Shao Weiwei
Published: September 2024

Large earthquakes occur frequently around the world. Due to the fragility of loess, the effects of seismic events on loess tunnel projects have received considerable in‐depth research attention. In this paper, we systematically review recent seismic research on loess tunnels and highlight deficiencies that require further study with a focus on the following topics: site selection, tunneling through landslides, shallow‐buried tunnels with bias pressure, dynamic analysis, and seismic liquefaction. For tunnels constructed through loess landslides, comprehensive prevention measures should be implemented to ensure the stability of the landslide and tunnel. For shallow‐buried loess tunnels with bias pressure, the lining of the deep‐buried side should receive more attention than that of the shallow‐buried side. It is necessary to consider the combined effects of seismic activity, rainfall, and train load on the stability and fortification of loess tunnels. The stress state of the surrounding loess should also be considered in further studies on tunnel liquefaction. Finally, the laboratory planar strain method should be simplified to address the discrepancy between laboratory and field results.
Analysis of Factors That Influence the Spiritual Care Needs of Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Zhou Min , Zhang Yijia , Yang Wenjie , Wang Harry H. X. , Park Sang Min , Liu Sitong , Piao Heng
Published: September 2024

Objective. To explore the factors influencing the spiritual care needs of patients with advanced cancer. Method. A sample of 321 patients with advanced cancer, who have been treated in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2022 to February 2023, was recruited. Clinical data of patients participating in this study were collected via a customized questionnaire. The validated Chinese version of the spiritual care needs scale was used to evaluate patients’ spiritual care needs. Statistical analyses included the unpaired t‐test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression. Result. The average score of spiritual care needs was 33.81 ± 7.76 points. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age (t = 4.24 and P < 0.01), occupation (t = 2.971 and P < 0.01), and alcohol consumption (t = 3.477 and P < 0.01) significantly influenced spiritual care needs. Patients with age, occupation, and alcohol consumption negatively impact spiritual needs, that is, the older the age, the smaller the spiritual needs. Individuals who engaged in business units, individual businesses, or had a drinking habit had lower spiritual needs. Conclusion. The scores of spiritual care needs in patients with advanced cancer were influenced by factors such as age, occupation, and alcohol consumption.
Exploring Safe Overtaking Behavior on Two‐Lane Two‐Way Road Using Multiagent Driving Simulators and Traffic Simulation
Authors: Oh Taeho , Kang Heechan , Li Zhibin
Published: September 2024

Safety and efficiency of autonomous driving behavior are a tradeoff. Behaviors that are too focused on safety can reduce road operation efficiency, while those that are too efficient can compromise passengers’ safety beyond their tolerance. Therefore, it is important to understand people’s characteristics and maintain a balance between safety and efficiency. Overtaking, which involves passing the preceding vehicle and improving road capacity, requires complex interaction as collisions with opposing vehicles must be avoided on a two‐lane, two‐way road. Overtaking to increase road capacity can induce unnecessary deceleration in oncoming vehicles, harming oncoming traffic flow. To address these concerns, a diverse dataset of natural overtaking behavior is a priority. We conduct experiments using a network connection between two multiagent driving simulators to collect a human behavior‐based overtaking dataset and develop driving behavior models engaged in overtaking situations using the Extra Trees model. The behavior models are embedded in microsimulation to generate human behavior‐based datasets under different conditions using a dynamic link library and component object model interfaces. To understand the interaction in an overtaking scenario by the generated datasets, we used a K‐means clustering technique to analyze the different reaction behaviors between the oncoming and overtaking vehicles. The threshold for achieving a balanced combination of safety and efficiency is established using XGboost. Finally, safe overtaking behavior is analyzed using a combination of the classified driving styles and thresholds. The results show that the overtaking vehicle can safely start overtaking without endangering oncoming vehicles when both speed and distance conditions are met simultaneously; the speed is lower than 44.29 km/h and it is 407 m away from oncoming vehicles.
Supplementary Table 2 from Intracellular Osteopontin Promotes the Release of TNFα by Mast Cells to Restrain Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sulsenti Roberta , Scialpi Giuseppina B. , Frossi Barbara , Botti Laura , Ferri Renata , Tripodi Irene , Piva Annamaria , Sangaletti Sabina , Pernici Davide , Cancila Valeria , Romeo Francesco , Chiodoni Claudia , Lecis Daniele , Bianchi Francesca , Fischetti Irene , Enriquez Claudia , Crivelli Filippo , Bregni Marco , Renne Giuseppe , Pece Salvatore , Tripodo Claudio , Pucillo Carlo E. , Colombo Mario P. , Jachetti Elena
Published: September 2024

Supplementary table 2 - list of siRNA and Taqman assays used in the study
Less Invasive Surfactant Administration for Preterm Infants – State of the Art
Authors: Härtel Christoph , Kribs Angela , Göpel Wolfgang , Dargaville Peter , Herting Egbert
Published: September 2024

Background: Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) has become the preferred method of surfactant administration for spontaneously breathing babies on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Summary: The development of LISA followed the need to combine CPAP and surfactant replacement as mainstay treatment options for respiratory distress syndrome, thereby avoided exposure to positive pressure ventilation. Key Messages: This review summarises the current knowns and unknowns of LISA including the physiological concept, its relevance for short-term and long-term outcomes and the challenges for practical implementation of LISA as part of a less invasive respiratory care bundle. Further, we provide an update of the evidence on alternatives to LISA, for example, nebulised surfactant administration, pharyngeal deposition of surfactant and delivery via supraglottic airway.
Developing the Attentive Brain: Contribution of Cognitive Neuroscience to a Theory of Attentional Development
Authors: Rueda M. Rosario
Published: September 2024

Attention is a fundamental cognitive mechanism whose primary function is to regulate and organize the flow of perceptions and actions shaping our mental life. Early cognitive models have highlighted aspects of sustained, selective, and executive control as essential components of attention. These three broad aspects can be further subdivided into subordinate operations, depending on whether the particular function is mostly driven by external stimulation (bottom-up attention) or relies on endogenous processes such as voluntary intentions or expectations (top-down attention). After several decades of cognitive neuroscience research, these different functions have been associated with specific circuits of brain regions. Based on the cognitive neuroscience framework, this paper presents a theory of attention development and discusses behavioral and brain evidence regarding the development of attention function during the first years of life.
Clinical and Immunological Features of Bronchial Asthma Comorbid Chronic Urticaria: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Du Yuteng , Yang Boyun , Yao Wo , Ge Liuya , Fan Qingqiu , Wang Huiying
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Asthma and chronic urticaria (CU) are two high prevalent diseases and often coexist. The underlying relationship and potential immunological mechanism between the two diseases are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and immunological feature of asthma comorbid with CU. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. Fifty patients with asthma comorbid CU, 50 patients with asthma, and 50 patients with CU alone were included. Age and sex of the patients enrolled were matched. Data of demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations including disease severity (frequency of symptoms, age of onset, disease duration, symptom score, complication with allergic rhinitis) as well as serum immunological index including total IgE (tIgE), allergen-specific IgE (sIgE), and food-specific IgG4 (FS-IgG4), were collected and analyzed. Results: No significant differences in the frequency of symptoms, age of onset, and disease duration were found among the three groups. The score of asthma control test (ACT) in patients with asthma comorbid CU was significantly lower than that of asthma (p = 0.005); however, compared with patients with CU, the 7-day urticaria activity score (UAS7) of patients with asthma comorbid CU did not show obvious differences. Immunological index showed that the positive rates of tIgE, house dust mite (HDM)-sIgE, and FS-IgG4 were different among the three groups (p < 0.05). Patients with asthma comorbid CU had the highest rate of positive tIgE, moderate and severe positive sIgE to HDM. Egg-specific IgG4 (egg-sIgG4) had the highest positive rate in all groups. Patients of asthma comorbid CU obtained the highest rate of severe positive of egg-sIgG4. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that patients with asthma comorbid CU have lower control level of asthma symptoms, higher tIgE and HDM-sIgE level, and highest rate of severe positive egg-sIgG4. These results indicate that comorbidity of CU in asthma obviously increases the severity of allergens.
Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for the Management of Type 1 Diabetes: A Pediatric Perspective
Authors: Shenker Michal Nevo , Shalitin Shlomit
Published: September 2024

Background: Despite all the technological advances in treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), glucose control remains suboptimal in most patients. In addition, a relatively high percentage of patients with T1D, including children, have obesity. Therefore, new interventions are required that focus their effects on weight loss, in order to help with associated insulin resistance and improve glycemic control. Summary: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have proven to be effective and safe in adults with T1D, showing improvement in glycemic control, body weight and cardiorenal protection. GLP-1 RAs are also approved for children with obesity (above the age of 12 years) or type 2 diabetes (above the age of 10 years). However, currently these medications are not approved for use in children with T1D. Only a few published studies have evaluated their efficacy and safety for this indication. Key Message: This review presents the rationale and experience of add-on GLP-1 RA therapy to pediatric and adolescent patients with T1D, otherwise treated, from RCTs and real-world data. Results of studies of GLP-1 RA in children with T1D are still pending, while large multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in this population are lacking.
ШОВ ЧИ СІТКА? ДОВГОСТРОКОВЕ СПОСТЕРЕЖЕННЯ ПІСЛЯ ХІРУРГІЧНОЇ КОРЕКЦІЇ ДІАСТАЗУ ПРЯМИХ М’ЯЗІВ ЖИВОТА
Authors: ВАСИЛЮК С. М. , ПЕТРАШ А. В.
Published: September 2024

Мета роботи: порівняти результати шовної плікації та імплантації проленового протеза у пацієнтів з діастазом прямих м’язів живота шляхом оцінювання системних скарг та стабільності м’язів тулуба у терміни 12 місяців після операції.
Матеріали і методи. Ми пролікували 120 пацієнтів з діастазом прямих м’язів живота. При проведенні хірургічної корекції діастазу обстежених пацієнтів поділили на дві групи залежно від методики корекції. Першу групу склали 60 пацієнтів, в яких корекцію діастазу виконували за допомогою безперервного шва. До другої групи увійшли 60 пацієнтів, в яких шовну корекцію доповнювали підапоневротичним установленням сітки.
Результати. У пацієнтів після шовної плікації на 84 % були вищими шанси регресування болючості під час огляду, на 82 % – регресування проблем під час сидіння на стільці та з підійманням зі стільця, на 58 % – регресування проблем під час стояння. У пацієнтів, в яких встановлювали проленовий імплант, були вищими на 61 % шанси регресування періодичного болю в животі та на 50 % – усунення проблем під час підіймання сходами. У пацієнтів першої групи через 12 місяців показник мануального м’язового тесту зростав невірогідно і складав 3,78±0,71 (медіана 4.0; min 2.0; max 5.0), а у пацієнтів другої групи відмічали нормалізацію показника мануального м’язового тесту – 4,16±0,37 (медіана 4.0; min 4.0; max 5.0), що було вірогідно (p<0,05) вищим, ніж показник у пацієнтів першої групи.
Показаннями до шовної плікації є: тип А і В, відсутні системні скарги, позитивні Q1/Q3/Q4/Q5 (VHPQ), мануальний м’язовий тест більше 3 балів, горизонтальна абдомінопластика та високі вимоги до корекції живота. Показаннями до використання сітки є тип C і D, системні скарги, позитивні Q2/Q6 (VHPQ), мануальний м’язовий тест менше 3 балів, вертикальна абдомінопластика.
A nação e seus outros: o nacionalismo e a contra-insurgência no discurso da Confederação Anticomunista Latino-americana (CAL)
Authors: Kaysel André
Published: September 2024

El presente artículo discute las representaciones de la nación y del nacionalismo en el discurso de la Confederación Anticomunista Latino
a (CAL), capítulo regional de la Liga Mundial Anticomunista (WACL), red transnacional de la extrema-derecha, actuante entre los años 1960-1980. Con ese objetivo, me apoyaré en investigación documental con fuentes primarias de esa organización. Partiendo de la hipótesis de la ambigüedad intrínseca al nacionalismo, buscaré demonstrar cómo el discurso de la CAL, combinando una concepción organicista de la nación con la doctrina de seguridad nacional (DSN), disputó la nación como terreno de significado con sus enemigos de la izquierda, en una coyuntura en que fue confrontado con el discurso en defensa de los Derechos Humanos, venido de los Estados Unidos, sus aliados tradicionales.
Los think tanks de derechas como dispositivos de intervención política durante la pandemia en América Latina. sus sentidos sobre el estado en Chile, Colombia y Argentina
Authors: Mercado Ana Belén
Published: September 2024

El trabajo analiza el rol desempeñado por los think tanks de derechas como dispositivos de intervención política que despliegan sus estrategias a partir de la articulación entre la convocatoria a expertos, la producción y circulación de ideas y el activismo a través de las redes transnacionales que integran. Desde esta perspectiva y a partir del relevamiento documental, se estudia la producción de sentidos sobre el Estado y la gestión de la pandemia de Covid-19 por parte de tres think tanks de Argentina, Chile y Colombia, así como la actuación de dos redes transnacionales durante 2020. ¿Qué visiones sobre el Estado prevalecieron en cada caso? ¿Cuáles fueron las ideas de los think tanks de derechas acerca de la crisis económica, sanitaria y social desatada a partir de la pandemia? Los principales hallazgos dan cuenta de que, incluso encontrándose en posiciones disímiles (afines a los gobiernos de derechas en Chile y Colombia y en la oposición a un gobierno progresista-populista en Argentina), los think tanks sostienen valoraciones en torno al Estado que se caracterizan por su homogeneidad y no presentan diferencias sustanciales entre sí.
Uma educação pelo "mato": a resiliência da vegetação ruderal e a experiência estética em práticas de paisagismo
Authors: Cabral Arthur Simões Caetano
Published: September 2024

The study investigates the sensitive dimension of ruderal flora in urban areas. These short-cycle pioneering species occur in highly disturbed environments. Their interactions dissolve into the ineffable fluctuation of pollen, spores, and seeds. The diversity of arrangements configured by them emerges in equally ‘undestined’ spaces (without use or maintenance) or urban production waste. Under the generic and usually derogatory designation of “weeds,” the ruderal flora insistently shows qualities that deserve appreciation and discussion: the values of persistence, vigor, and renewal inherent in survival tactics. Because plants are also world makers (Coccia, 2018a), we assume that recognizing their processes and dynamics, associated with the direct perception of their corresponding phenomena, favors the development of different pedagogies. Betting on an education of sensitivity of the consciousness that precedes intellectual knowledge (Duarte Júnior, 2004) reaffirms the urgency of aesthetic experiences in education, signaling alternatives to the commonly disseminated view of ruderal flora when seeking contributions to reinvigorate the repertoire of botanical, floristic associations and management methods available for teaching/learning practices in landscaping.
A cidade no estuário do rio amazonas: mapeando apagamentos e sobrevivências na convivência com as águas na Cidade de Macapá-AP
Authors: Pontes Louise Barbalho , Garcia Matheus Cleber Melo , Vasconcelos Ana Carolina Souza de
Published: September 2024

The municipality of Macapá has an unique relation with waters, manifesting itself in its form and lifestyle. The advance of urbanization has “erased” several water bodies from the urban landscape. This research aims to show that this process has also “buried” certain ways of experiencing the municipality. This study seeks to analyze and identify “erasures” and “survivals” in four different periods of the history of the municipality, focusing its analysis on the leisure areas related to waters and their enjoyment. This mapped  these  leisure  spaces  and  manifestations  that  are  linked  to  the  site  and  its  biophysical conditions, resulting in a cartography that inventories, maps, and classifies its different uses. This study contributes to scientifically describes the fading process of experiencing and accessing the enjoyment of water in the municipality of Macapá.
GPER Stimulation Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Preeclampsia
Authors: Nogueira de Alencar Allan Kardec , Swan Kenneth F. , Mahapatra Smruti , Lindsey Sarah H. , Pridjian Gabriella C. , Bayer Carolyn L.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Preeclampsia poses a substantial clinical challenge, characterized by maternal hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, and persistent cardiovascular risks for both the mother and offspring. Despite the known roles of the estrogen receptor (GPER [G protein-coupled estrogen receptor]) in placental development, its impact on cardiovascular aspects within a preeclampsia animal model remains unexplored. We propose that G-1, a GPER agonist, could have the potential to regulate not only hypertension but also cardiac dysfunction in rats with preeclampsia.

METHODS:

To explore the influence of G-1 on preeclampsia, we used the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) model. RUPP rats were administered either G-1 (100 µg/kg per day) or hydralazine (25 mg/kg per day). We conducted echocardiography to probe the intricate cardiac effects of G-1.

RESULTS:

The RUPP rat model revealed signs of hypertension and cardiac dysfunction and alterations in gene and protein expression within placental and heart tissues. G-1 treatment reduced blood pressure and reversed cardiac dysfunction in rats with preeclampsia. In contrast, administration of the vasodilator hydralazine reduced blood pressure without an improvement in cardiac function. In addition, while G-1 treatment restored the levels of sFLT-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1) in RUPP rats, hydralazine did not normalize this antiangiogenic factor.

CONCLUSIONS:

The therapeutic intervention of G-1 significantly mitigated the cardiovascular dysfunction observed in the RUPP rat model of preeclampsia. This discovery underscores the broader significance of understanding GPER’s role in the context of preeclampsia-related cardiovascular complications.
Mismatches between 3D Content Acquisition and Perception Cause More Visually Induced Motion Sickness
Authors: Xia Zhenping , Liu Yujie , Bai Yi , Zhang Yueyuan , Cheng Cheng
Published: September 2024

The sensory rearrangement theory announced that a mismatch between the current visual inputs and the visual exposure history might trigger or aggravate the visually induced motion sickness (VIMS). However, this has not been explicitly investigated through perception experiments. This study investigates the effect of mismatches between 3D content acquisition and perception on VIMS. Two types of mismatches between the camera field of view and the eye field of view were compared with the match type, and the mismatch types are the conditions that configured the camera field of view to be larger or smaller than the eye field of view. A perception experiment was executed with 21 participants, and the subjective SSQ, five-scale VIMS level rating, and objective postural instability were adopted as the evaluation metrics. The mismatches were found to have a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the VIMS symptom based on the results of subjective VIMS level rating and objective postural instability evaluations. Mismatches between 3D content acquisition and perception cause more VIMS. This knowledge highlights the importance of perfect configuration matches in 3D content acquisition, display, and perception for eliminating the potential VIMS aggravation effect.
Introduction
Authors: Beard SJ , Hobson Tom
Published: September 2024

People have been thinking about The End of the World for a long time, creating popular narratives around disastrous events triggered by exogenous forces that responded to humanity’s failings. Today’s existential risk requires different ways of thinking, however, and the chapters of this book all contribute to both show how we can make significant advances in understanding and managing this risk, and how we can create new ways of thinking to fit the evidence around it. The four sections of this book focus on: 1) broadening the ways that we think about extreme global risk, 2) developing new the methodologies, tools, and approaches for studying it, 3) producing new insights about its causes and consequences, and 4) enabling mechanisms for reducing the level of extreme global risk by improved policy making.
4. Governing Boring Apocalypses
Authors: Liu Hin-Yan , Cedervall Lauta Kristian , Maas Matthijs
Published: September 2024

Exploring Existential Risk Studies, this chapter argues that focusing solely on preventing the hazards themselves leads to an unnecessary narrow framing of the challenges facing humanity. Existential risks are to be considered simultaneously to the vulnerabilities and exposures inherent within human systems which could contribute to existential consequences for humanity. Dividing these vulnerabilities into either ontological, passive, active, or intentional allows for the identification of a wider range of policy options to be used for risk prevention, lowering the overall probability of an actualised existential risk. Considering vulnerabilities and exposure brings Existential Risk Studies into conversation with disaster studies, allowing different researchers from broader fields to collate together their expertise and to better identify trajectories and devise strategies to mitigate existential risks.