bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cultivation of Cross-Cultural Communicative Competence in English Teaching under the Background of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data
Authors: Zhang Zhe
Published: June 2022

Artificial intelligence refers to the intelligence expressed by machines made by humans and is a manifestation of human intelligence. On the whole, artificial intelligence includes two aspects: “artificial” and “intelligence.” Artificial is created by man, and information work covers a number of areas, for instance thinking and consciousness. The process from feeling memory to thinking is called “wisdom.” The result of wisdom is behavior and language. The expression process of behavior and language is called “ability,” and the two are collectively called “intelligence.” However, there is no unified explanation for intelligence at present, but there is no doubt about the widespread. Big data processing includes multiple data processing processes, but data quality is the most important link in the entire process, and each data processing link will have an impact on the quality of big data. The big data processing process mainly includes data collection, data preprocessing, data storage, data processing and analysis, data display/data visualization, data application, and other links. The aim of this paper is to explore the studies on the development of intercultural intercommunication skills in English language learning and teaching in the context of artificial intelligence and big data. It is hoped that this will be done in the light of AI and big data technologies. We can explore the current situation of cross-cultural communication, provide new learning directions for cross-cultural communication, and promote cultural exchange and dissemination. This paper investigates students’ attitudes towards cross-cultural communication by means of a questionnaire and then briefly tests students’ cross-cultural communication ability. The experimental results of this paper show that 4 students have mastered cross-cultural knowledge, accounting for 3%; 8 students have mastered cross-cultural knowledge very well, accounting for 4%, and 9 students have mastered cross-cultural knowledge, accounting for 7%. There are 12 people who are very knowledgeable about cross-cultural knowledge, accounting for 9%. These data show that the current students have very little knowledge of intercultural communication, and their intercultural communication skills need to be improved.
O uso de tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) na promoção da participação cidadã para tomada de decisão em políticas públicas de saúde
Authors: Misao Celso Yukio , Ribeiro Manuella Maia
Published: June 2022

O objetivo do artigo foi analisar o uso de tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) para consulta e decisão em políticas públicas de saúde. Realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa via entrevistas por telefone e correio eletrônico junto a funcionários do Ministério da Saúde, associada à análise descritiva dos instrumentos de consulta pública online da instituição. Até dezembro de 2010, foram realizadas 39 consultas públicas online no sítio sobre diversas temáticas em saúde pública. Em 2010 foram realizadas cinco consultas públicas com 1.390 comentários de usuários (média de 278 comentários por consulta). A consulta pública online é uma ferramenta com significativo potencial para promover o direito à participação social e pode ser utilizada por outras instâncias de governo. No entanto, não constitui uma prática amplamente empregada e divulgada. Há necessidade de estudos quanto aos impactos das consultas públicas online na formulação e implementação de políticas de saúde, assim como o perfil de seus participantes e as possibilidades quanto à condução de consultas públicas via TICs na administração pública em geral.
SIRPα Mediates IGF1 Receptor in Cardiomyopathy Induced by Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Thomas Sandhya S. , Wu Jiao , Davogustto Giovanni , Holliday Michael W. , Eckel-Mahan Kristin , Verzola Daniela , Garibotto Giacomo , Hu Zhaoyong , Mitch William E. , Taegtmeyer Heinrich
Published: June 2022

Background:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by increased myocardial mass despite near-normal blood pressure, suggesting the presence of a separate trigger. A potential driver is SIRPα (signal regulatory protein alpha)—a mediator impairing insulin signaling. The objective of this study is to assess the role of circulating SIRPα in CKD-induced adverse cardiac remodeling.

Methods:

SIRPα expression was evaluated in mouse models and patients with CKD. Specifically, mutant, muscle-specific, or cardiac muscle–specific SIRPα KO (knockout) mice were examined after subtotal nephrectomy. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Metabolic responses were confirmed in cultured muscle cells or cardiomyocytes.

Results:

We demonstrate that SIRPα regulates myocardial insulin/IGF1R (insulin growth factor-1 receptor) signaling in CKD. First, in the serum of both mice and patients, SIRPα was robustly secreted in response to CKD. Second, cardiac muscle upregulation of SIRPα was associated with impaired insulin/IGF1R signaling, myocardial dysfunction, and fibrosis. However, both global and cardiac muscle–specific SIRPα KO mice displayed improved cardiac function when compared with control mice with CKD. Third, both muscle-specific or cardiac muscle–specific SIRPα KO mice did not significantly activate fetal genes and maintained insulin/IGF1R signaling with suppressed fibrosis despite the presence of CKD. Importantly, SIRPα directly interacted with IGF1R. Next, rSIRPα (recombinant SIRPα) protein was introduced into muscle-specific SIRPα KO mice reestablishing the insulin/IGF1R signaling activity. Additionally, overexpression of SIRPα in myoblasts and cardiomyocytes impaired pAKT (phosphorylation of AKT) and insulin/IGF1R signaling. Furthermore, myotubes and cardiomyocytes, but not adipocytes treated with high glucose or cardiomyocytes treated with uremic toxins, stimulated secretion of SIRPα in culture media, suggesting these cells are the origin of circulating SIRPα in CKD. Both intracellular and extracellular SIRPα exert biologically synergistic effects impairing intracellular myocardial insulin/IGF1R signaling.

Conclusions:

Myokine SIRPα expression impairs insulin/IGF1R functions in cardiac muscle, affecting cardiometabolic signaling pathways. Circulating SIRPα constitutes an important readout of insulin resistance in CKD-induced cardiomyopathy.
Epicardial HDAC3 Promotes Myocardial Growth Through a Novel MicroRNA Pathway
Authors: Jang Jihyun , Song Guang , Pettit Sarah M. , Li Qinshan , Song Xiaosu , Cai Chen-leng , Kaushal Sunjay , Li Deqiang
Published: June 2022

Background:

Establishment of the myocardial wall requires proper growth cues from nonmyocardial tissues. During heart development, the epicardium and epicardium-derived cells instruct myocardial growth by secreting essential factors including FGF (fibroblast growth factor) 9 and IGF (insulin-like growth factor) 2. However, it is poorly understood how the epicardial secreted factors are regulated, in particular by chromatin modifications for myocardial formation. The current study is to investigate whether and how HDAC (histone deacetylase) 3 in the developing epicardium regulates myocardial growth.

Methods:

Various cellular and mouse models in conjunction with biochemical and molecular tools were employed to study the role of HDAC3 in the developing epicardium.

Results:

We deleted
Hdac3
in the developing murine epicardium, and mutant hearts showed ventricular myocardial wall hypoplasia with reduction of epicardium-derived cells. The cultured embryonic cardiomyocytes with supernatants from
Hdac3
knockout (KO) mouse epicardial cells also showed decreased proliferation. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis revealed that
Fgf9
and
Igf2
were significantly downregulated in
Hdac3
KO mouse epicardial cells. We further found that
Fgf9
and
Igf2
expression is dependent on HDAC3 deacetylase activity. The supplementation of FGF9 or IGF2 can rescue the myocardial proliferation defects treated by
Hdac3
KO supernatant. Mechanistically, we identified that microRNA (miR)-322 and miR-503 were upregulated in
Hdac3
KO mouse epicardial cells and
Hdac3
epicardial KO hearts. Overexpression of miR-322 or miR-503 repressed FGF9 and IGF2 expression, while knockdown of miR-322 or miR-503 restored FGF9 and IGF2 expression in
Hdac3
KO mouse epicardial cells.

Conclusions:

Our findings reveal a critical signaling pathway in which epicardial HDAC3 promotes compact myocardial growth by stimulating FGF9 and IGF2 through repressing miR-322 or miR-503, providing novel insights in elucidating the etiology of congenital heart defects and conceptual strategies to promote myocardial regeneration.
Exploring Methodological Challenges in Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Veri Francesco
Published: June 2022

This article analyses the current methodological debate within the field of deliberative democracy and provides some analytical suggestions about the research and methodological directions to analyze the field by considering theory falsifiability. The analysis follows three separate steps. First, the author specifies the field’s status regarding theory falsifiability. Then he classifies a purposive sample of scholars’ research in deliberative democracy into a specific methodological taxonomy. Finally, through configurational meta-analysis, he examines deliberative democracy considering the systemic turn. The results of the analysis suggest the use of mixed or set-theoretical methods are the most promising analytical approaches to examine the field from a theory falsifiability perspective.
Was the Arab Spring a Post-Islamist Moment?
Authors: Vaughan Kenneth R. , Froese Paul , Lonas Chase
Published: June 2022

Scholars continue to debate political motives behind the Arab Spring – a debate that centers on the compatibility of democratic and Islamist preferences. Some frame the protests as a boon for democracy and prudential needs of citizens. Others report an Islamist turn against secular autocracies. Here, the authors argue that this framing relies on outdated civilizational narratives and that democratic, Islamist, and prudential concerns present concurrently in the Arab Spring. Using the Arab Democracy Barometer, the authors investigate public opinion in Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia, to estimate evaluations of the Arab Spring. Democratically oriented Egyptians and Libyans were more favorable toward the events, while Tunisians with Islamists preferences were more optimistic. The authors find little evidence of tensions between Islamism and democracy. This is particularly salient when evaluating attitudes about the Arab Spring. The authors argue that the Arab Spring constitutes a “post-Islamist” movement, one which integrates democratic and Islamist preferences into a revolutionary framework.
Bissu’s Transvestites in the Buginese-Makassar Tradition through the Transformation of Faisal Oddang’s Literary Works: An Intertextuality Study
Authors: Hariyono Saharul , Bewe Nurhadi
Published: June 2022

Writer Faisal Oddang narrated the existence of the bissu community seemingly reconstructed from an understanding of the historical text to become more colorful. This article questions how the transformation model of bissu community figures is revealed in Oddang’s fictional work. This study utilizes Julia Kristeva’s intertext abstracted through ideologeme as a text arrangement that refers to the space of exterior texts (semiotic practice). The results of the study show: first, how the transformation model of the bissu community character appears in the work of fiction; second, the libido of bissu community in their sacred place; third, the bissu community character from marginalized positions fighting injustice against Darul Islam/Indonesia Islamic Army rebels both physically and verbally; fourth, the negotiation of bissu community leaders saving the faith by syncretism with Islam over the religious purification incident. Therefore, in fiction, the character of the bissu community shows both opposition and resistance.
Auto-Part Terms in Thai: a Cognitive Semantic Analysis
Authors: Wongwattana Unchalee Singnoi
Published: June 2022

This article presents an investigation of Thai auto-part terms in Cognitive Semantics. With at least 1,000 auto-part terms in our data analysis, we argue that the conceptual naming strategy is linguistically effective in understanding auto parts in the Thai culture. Metaphorically, the resemblance operation enhances the degree of lexical richness by enabling the auto-part conceptualization with four source domains: surrounding object, animal, human, and plant. Metonymically, source domains such as shape, function, part, material, position, involved organ, motion, sound and space function in the source-in-target operation, and the category machine/ device appears as a source domain in the target-in-source operation. The article not only verifies and supports the cognitive theory that holds that language is part of the cognitive abilities of humans in general, and thus describes the world as people understand it, but also sheds light on the association to a further pragmatic analysis of implicature.
Significance and Values of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
Authors: Boonmee Lalida
Published: June 2022

Physical change in religious architecture has an effect on perception of the building’s historical value and significance. This article discusses the case of the physical transformation of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception which has undergone four successive changes in architectural characteristics since Christianity was first established in the area in 1881. Methodologically, this study comprises a review of historical documents and interviews with Christians who live in the cathedral’s neighbouring areas. The result shows that the cathedral is significant for local residents as a centre of Christianity and beliefs which have been handed down through generations. From the beginning of its establishment, the cathedral has continually been used for social gatherings in religious activities, therefore, in spite of physical changes, its social and functional values still remain unchanged. Overall, the historical significance of the cathedral to the historic urban landscape of Ubon Ratchathani lies in its intangible rather than its tangible value.
On the Tityus forcipula species group: redescription of Tityus forcipula (Scorpiones, Buthidae), description of a new Andean species, and notes on the taxonomy of the group
Authors: MORENO-GONZÁLEZ JAIRO A , PINTO-DA-ROCHA RICARDO , CABRA-GARCÍA JIMMY
Published: June 2022

The Tityus forcipula species group has had an intricate taxonomic history, changing its diagnostic characters and composition on several occasions. One of the alleged reasons for this taxonomic uncertainty is the use of superficial characters (i.e. raw similarity instead of putative synapomorphies) for species group delimitation. Here, we conducted a thorough phenotypic survey across the Tityus forcipula species group, as currently delimited, including characters that had been suggested elsewhere as putative synapomorphies for delimiting lineages within Tityus. In doing so we also redescribe Tityus forcipula and describe a new species belonging to the Tityus forcipula species group: Tityus moralensis sp. nov. based on specimens from the Andean region of Valle del Cauca department, Colombia. The Tityus forcipula species group is here delimited to Andean species from Colombia and Ecuador that share strongly sclerotized and brown colored pectines, basal middle lamellae of female pectines dilated and suboval or ovoid shaped, basal plate of female pectines without glandular region and telotarsi with two ventrosubmedian rows (type II) of stout macrosetae (i.e., Tityus crassicauda, Tityus cuellari, Tityus forcipula, Tityus fuhrmanni and Tityus moralensis sp. nov). The new Tityus species is placed into a phylogenetic context with other buthid species using DNA sequences (COI and 28S). Finally, we provide a map with updated distributional records of the Tityus forcipula species group.
New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles—25. Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) borisbubeniki sp. nov., compared to P. (M.) andreevae Moravec, 2007 and a revised key to the species-group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
Authors: MORAVEC JIŘÍ , TRÝZNA MILOŠ
Published: June 2022

Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) borisbubeniki sp. nov., is described from the Ambohitantely Special Reserve on the north-eastern edge of the Central Highlands, Madagascar. The new species is compared to the externally similar P. (Microstenocera) andreevae Moravec, 2007, and both are treated as members of the P. (Microstenocera) fleutiauxi species-group (as proposed in the monograph of the genus Pogonostoma Klug, 1835 by Moravec 2007). A revised key to species of the species-group is presented to supplement the key in the monograph. Habitus and diagnostic characters of the new species are illustrated in colour photographs. Not-yet-published photographs of a male allotype of P. (M.) andreevae and important diagnostic characters of this similar species, including those of one newly caught female, are provided to complete the illustrations published previously in the monograph. The habitat and ecology of the new species with essential maps of disjunct distributions of the two species are also presented.
Origins of Intraseasonal Precipitation Variability over North China in the Rainy Season
Authors: Gao Yingxia , Hsu Pang-Chi , Che Shaojing , Yu Changwen , Han Shiru
Published: June 2022

We investigated the characteristics and mechanisms of subseasonal precipitation variability in North China during the rainy season (June–September). Two dominant intraseasonal modes with periods of 8–20 and 30–60 days were identified via spectral analysis. Together, they explain 62.8% of the total precipitation variability. Nearly all persistent heavy rainfall events in North China were observed concurrently with the enhanced positive phases of biweekly or/and 30–60-day precipitation modes. To elucidate the origins of these two intraseasonal precipitation variabilities, we performed moisture and vertical motion analyses. The moisture diagnosis results show that the anomalous lower-level southerly perturbations, which transport the background summer-mean moisture from the tropical areas toward North China, are the key process causing abundant moisture for the anomalous precipitation occurrence. The local ascending motion anomalies associated with the occurrence of intraseasonal precipitation come mainly from the anomalous vorticity advection induced by summer-mean thermal wind. Although the key processes causing the precipitation anomalies of these two intraseasonal modes are similar, the geneses and evolutions of large-scale conditions associated with them are distinct. The biweekly circulation and convective anomalies are driven by the midlatitude wave train pattern propagating southeastward across the Eurasian continent, while the 30–60-day anomalies are determined by both upper-level perturbations along 40°N and northward-propagating intraseasonal convective activities from the tropics.
Conditions for Reliable Divergence Estimates from Drifter Triplets
Authors: Huntley Helga S. , Berta Maristella , Esposito Giovanni , Griffa Annalisa , Mourre Baptiste , Centurioni Luca
Published: June 2022

Horizontal velocity gradients of a flow field and the related kinematic properties (KPs) of divergence, vorticity, and strain rate can be estimated from dense drifter deployments, e.g., the spatiotemporal average divergence (and other KPs) over a triangular area defined by three drifters and over a given time interval can be computed from the initial and final areas of said triangle. Unfortunately, this computation can be subject to large errors, especially when the triangle shape is far from equilateral. Therefore, samples with small aspect ratios are generally discarded. Here we derive the thresholds on two shape metrics that optimize the balance between retention of good and removal of bad divergence estimates. The primary tool is a high-resolution regional ocean model simulation, where a baseline for the average divergence can be established, so that actual errors are available. A value of 0.2 for the scaled aspect ratio Λ and a value of 0.86π for the largest interior angle θ are found to be equally effective thresholds, especially at scales of 5 km and below. While discarding samples with low Λ or high θ values necessarily biases the distribution of divergence estimates slightly toward positive values, this bias is small compared to (and in the opposite direction of) the Lagrangian sampling bias due to drifters preferably sampling convergence regions. Errors due to position uncertainty are suppressed by the shape-based subsampling. The subsampling also improves the identification of the areas of extreme divergence or convergence. An application to an observational dataset demonstrates that these model-derived thresholds can be effectively used on actual drifter data.

Significance Statement

Divergence in the ocean indicates how fast floating objects in the ocean spread apart, while convergence (negative divergence) captures how fast they accumulate. Measuring divergence in the ocean, however, remains challenging. One method is to estimate divergence from the trajectories of drifting buoys. This study provides guidance under what circumstances these estimates should be discarded because they are too likely to have large errors. The criteria proposed here are less stringent than some of the ad hoc criteria previously used. This will allow users to retain more of their estimates. We consider how position uncertainty affects the reliability of the divergence estimates. An observational dataset collected in the Mediterranean is used to illustrate an application of these reliability criteria.
Declining Military Surgical Cases and the Impact on Military Surgical Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Hall Andrew B. , Krzyzaniak Michael , Qureshi Iram , Cromer Robert , Tadlock Matthew D. , Patrick Danielle , Hatch Quinton , Iverson Maj Kyle , Walker Avery , Glaser Jacob
Published: June 2022

Background

Several studies have indicated a decline in the number, types, and complexity of surgical procedures within military treatment facilities (MTFs). This study aims to determine what effect, if any, these downward trends have had on the relationship between the military health system (MHS) and surgical graduate medical education.

Methods

Graduating chief resident final ACGME case logs from 4 of thirteen military general surgery programs were evaluated from 2015 to 2020. The proportion of total cases performed by residents at military institutions were compared on a year over year basis.

Results

The proportion of cases performed within the military hospitals declined 3.27% each year between 2015 and 2020 ( P < .0001) in 4 MTFs. All individual hospitals had significant declines in case volume except one (William Beaumont Army Medical Center) which increased 6.05% with each year, but also increased the number of MTF partnerships within its program ( P < .0001).

Conclusions

There has been a statistically significant decline over time in the proportion of cases logged by residents within the studied military treatment facilities. Investment into military hospitals to increase case numbers, case diversity, and complexity and/or acceptance of this gradual decline with greater shifting of educational workload onto civilian hospitals is required.
Complete Versus Partial Excision of an Infected Mesh Following Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hajibandeh Shahin , Qayum Mohammed K. , Hajibandeh Shahab , Bodkhe Komal , Nawaz Ghulam , Faridi Nadeem , Peixoto Dinez , Kar Irfan
Published: June 2022

Background

To evaluate comparative outcomes of complete and partial excision of infected mesh following abdominal wall hernia repair.

Methods

A systematic search of electronic databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL, and bibliographic reference lists with application of a combination of free text and controlled vocabulary search adapted to thesaurus headings, search operators and limits was conducted. Surgical site infection chronic sinus formation, recurrent hernia, and need for reoperation were the evaluated outcome measures.

Results

Six comparative observational studies were identified, reporting a total of 317 patients of whom 193 underwent complete mesh excision and the remaining 123 patients underwent partial mesh excision for an infected mesh following abdominal wall hernia repair. The complete mesh excision was associated with significantly lower rates of SSIs (OR: .36; 95% CI, .16-.81, P = .01), chronic sinus formation (OR: .11; 95% CI, .02-.71, P = .02), and reoperation (OR: .10; 95% CI, .03-.33, P = .0001) compared to the partial mesh excision. There was no significant difference in hernia recurrence rate (OR: 3.96.16, 95% CI .62-25.44, P = .15) between two groups. The between-study heterogeneity was moderate in all the analyses.

Conclusions

Complete mesh excision may be associated with lower SSI, chronic sinus formation and need for reoperation when compared to the partial mesh excision in an infected mesh event. However, the available evidence has failed to report the outcomes with respect to the main confounding factors which, together with other important outcomes such as fistula formation, should be considered by future high quality research.
Outcomes of Carotid Body Tumor Management with Active Surveillance
Authors: Lyle Daniel A. , Lopez Alexis , Osofsky Robin , Wiemann Brianne , Boyd Nathan , Olson Garth , Rana Muhammad Ali
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

To assess outcomes of carotid body tumors (CBTs) managed with active surveillance.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review of CBTs managed with active surveillance from 2001 to 2019.

Results:

A total of 115 cases were identified during chart review. Sixty-five of these patients were managed with active surveillance, and 11 patients had bilateral tumors for a total of 76 tumors. Follow-up records with symptomatic outcomes were available for 51 patients, and 47 tumors had follow-up imaging. Thirty-one (66%) actively surveilled CBTs remained stable or decreased in size while 16 (34%) increased in size. Patients undergoing active surveillance developed symptoms in 12 cases, 6 of these patients underwent surgical intervention. Nine CBTs managed with active surveillance (18%) were ultimately resected. The majority of patients who did not undergo surgical intervention never developed symptoms (36/42, 86%).

Conclusions:

Active surveillance may be a reasonable approach for a subset of CBTs.
An Integrative Literature Review of Social Entrepreneurship Research: Mapping the Literature and Future Research Directions
Authors: Klarin Anton , Suseno Yuliani
Published: June 2022

This article maps existing research from 5,874 scholarly publications on social entrepreneurship (SE) utilizing scientometrics. The mapping indicates a taxonomy of five clusters: (a) the nature of SE, (b) policy implications and employment in relation to SE, (c) SE in communities and health, (d) SE personality traits, and (e) SE education. We complement the scientometric analysis with a systematic literature review of publications on SE in the Financial Times 50 list (FT50) and Business & Society and propose a multistage, multilevel framework that highlights the clusters of existing research on SE based on their stage and level of analysis. This review study also helps outline a set of future research directions, including studies examining (a) the process stage at the micro-level and macro-level, (b) linkages across levels and stages, (c) linkages across stages over time or longitudinal studies, (d) SE in resource-constrained environments, (e) technological advancement and its impact on SE, (f) the types of social enterprises and their outcomes, and (g) various emerging topics in SE.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Docosahexaenoic Acid for the Treatment of Sport-Related Concussion in Adolescents
Authors: Miller Shane M. , Zynda Aaron J. , Sabatino Meagan J. , Jo Chanhee , Ellis Henry B. , Dimeff Robert J.
Published: June 2022

The objective was to examine the use of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for the treatment of sport-related concussion (SRC) in adolescent athletes. We hypothesize that participants who intake 2 g of DHA daily will not experience differences in recovery compared with participants who take a placebo. This double-blind, randomized controlled pilot trial was performed in a tertiary pediatric sports medicine clinic from 2013 to 2017 in adolescents (14-18 years) presenting with diagnosed SRC within 4 days of injury. Forty participants were randomized into DHA or PLACEBO group and were instructed to take 2 capsules twice daily for 12 weeks. Participants in the DHA group were symptom-free earlier than the PLACEBO group (11.0 vs 16.0 days, P = .08) and were cleared to begin the Return to Sport progression (14.0 vs 19.5 days, P = .12) sooner. The use of 2 g/day of DHA was well-tolerated and did not significantly affect recovery times in adolescent athletes following SRC.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClincalTrials.gov, NCT01903525
A Test of Minority Stress Theory With Asian Americans
Authors: Lei Nina , Velez Brandon L. , Seoud Judy M. , Motulsky Wei N.
Published: June 2022

The present study extended minority stress theory by testing the associations of racist stressors (racist discrimination, expectations of rejection, and internalized racism) and maladaptive coping strategies (internalization and detachment) with psychological distress and psychological well-being. In addition, expectations of rejection, internalized racism, internalization, and detachment were tested as mediators of the racist discrimination–mental health link. Data were analyzed from 297 Asian American adults. Results indicated that greater levels of all racist stressors and maladaptive coping strategies were each associated with poorer mental health at the bivariate level, but only internalization and detachment were unique predictors of distress and only internalized racism and detachment were unique predictors of well-being. Internalization and detachment mediated the positive indirect association of racist discrimination with distress, and detachment mediated the negative indirect relation of racist discrimination with well-being. Implications of the findings for practice, advocacy, education, training, and research with Asian Americans are discussed.
Trusted Chief Executives in Convenient White-Collar Crime
Authors: Gottschalk Petter
Published: June 2022

Convenience exists in the financial motive, the organizational opportunity, and the personal willingness for deviant behavior. These three themes can result in 14 convenience propositions as presented in this article. In cases where an offender is detected, the offense can be examined by identifying relevant convenience issues in the structural model of crime convenience. Not all of the 14 issues will be relevant to create a narrative of one specific incident. In cases where prevention of offenses is the issue, then vulnerability review is appropriate for all 14 propositions. For example, domination of greed or extensive differential association can signal strong motivation or strong willingness for wrongdoing, while lack of oversight and guardianship can signal an invitation for wrongdoing.
Emerging Themes in Social Determinants of Health Theory and Research
Authors: Raphael Dennis , Bryant Toba
Published: June 2022

Since 1996, we have been working to have Canadian governmental authorities implement health-promoting public policy that would improve the quality and equitable distribution of the social determinants of health, with rather little to show for our efforts. In this commentary, we identify seven emerging themes that can help explain our failures and point the way forward.
Designing the Collaborative Organization: A Framework for how Collaborative Work, Relationships, and Behaviors Generate Collaborative Capacity
Authors: Barker Scott Brenda A. , Manning Michael R.
Published: June 2022

We offer a framework for developing the collaborative workplace, developed through a case study of a subsystem of Intuit Canada, a knowledge-based product development firm known for strong collaboration. Grounded in interviews, observations, informal conversations, and archival data, our framework reveals a series of factors that shape work, relationships, and behaviors to promote collaboration widely. Beyond factors, we uncover what it is about them, the underlying properties that created the conditions for employees to work, relate and contribute collectively. We show how the factors interrelate to create two collaborative subsystems; one fostering widespread alignment around strategic goals and the other fostering locally led interactivity to operationalize those goals. We illustrate how the duality works in practice and conclude with implications for future research and practice.
Alternative Media, Repression and the Crisis State: Towards a Political Economy of Alternative Media in Post-Mugabe Zimbabwe
Authors: Tshabangu Thulani , Salawu Abiodun
Published: June 2022

Zimbabwe has a tainted media history under Mugabe replete with examples of state orchestrated repression, draconian legislation, harassment of journalists and violation of their work premises. The post-November 2017 coup period is a critical reference point to understand the political economy of alternative media under the so-called ‘New Dispensation’ of President Mnangagwa with its promises of prodemocracy reforms. Using political economy as a theoretical approach that analyses media systems in a holistic manner by linking them to politics, economy, legislation and technology, this study assesses the extent to which the ‘New Dispensation’ has implemented political economy reforms that impact alternative media. Drawing from interviews with selected alternative media journalists and proprietors, the findings reveal that alternative media in Zimbabwe remain entrenched in repression and are in a crisis caused by an exacerbation of the same structural factors that existed before. The ‘New Dispensation’ has instead led to the entrenchment of a new dictatorship by the military junta. Undue political interference, a fragile economy and state orchestrated repression continue to constrain the democratic functions of alternative media. By teasing the continuities and discontinuities of alternative media repression during the Mugabe era and under the ‘New Dispensation’, the paper contributes to ongoing debates about the consequence of the 2017 coup and the need for genuine democratic reforms in Zimbabwe post-Mugabe epoch.
Citizens and Peace Mediations in Divided Societies: Identifying Zones of Agreement through a Conjoint Survey Experiment
Authors: Loizides Neophytos , Psaltis Charis , Morgan-Jones Edward , Sudulich Laura , Popp Raluca , Baykiz Tekin
Published: June 2022

How can areas of potential agreement be identified and endorsed by citizens in protracted conflicts? In an effort to answer this question, the article introduces a conjoint experiment across the ethnically and territorially split communities of Cyprus and tests a range of hypotheses about the structure of public opinion with respect to a future settlement. We test hypotheses on security and credible commitments, the legacy of past negotiations, as well as transitional justice mechanisms following United Nations plans to mediate the conflict between Greek and Turkish Cypriots. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we demonstrate that a zone of possible agreement (ZOPA) exists from a public opinion perspective. We specifically explore power-sharing in the context of security, provisions for the internally displaced, federal courts, and territorial readjustments and highlight their relative importance for public opinion interventions across conflict-ridden societies.
The supply side determinants of territory
Authors: Adamson Jordan , Kimbrough Erik O
Published: June 2022

This article introduces a simple application of contest theory that neatly captures how Boulding’s ‘loss of strength gradient’ determines the geographic extent of territory. We focus on the ‘supply side’ of territorial conflict, showing how the costs of initiating and escalating conflict over spatially dispersed resources shape the nature and scope of territory. We show that economies of scale in the production of violence and varying costs of projecting power at a distance combine to affect the intensive and extensive margins of conflict, and ultimately the geographic distribution of territory. Comparative statics analysis shows how the distribution of conflict and territory change as costs change, helping shed light on, for example, why new transportation technologies have historically led to a redrawing of territorial boundaries. We test and probe the boundaries of this model in two experiments varying the marginal costs of conflict over space and the fixed costs of entry. Increases in both costs interact to increase the probability of exclusive territories. The first experiment directly tests the theory in a static, one-shot setting that strictly matches the information conditions studied in the theory. The second experiment examines conflict behavior under conditions analogous to those in conflicts outside the lab: where no contestant knows the probability of winning, let alone the function determining that probability, and parties interact repeatedly. Median behavior closely tracks equilibrium predictions in all treatments.
Using Mahalanobis Distances to Investigate Second Dialect Acquisition: A Study on Quebec French
Authors: Riverin-Coutlée Josiane , Roy Johanna-Pascale , Gubian Michele
Published: June 2022

Second dialect acquisition (SDA) can be defined as the process through which geographically mobile individuals adapt to new dialect features of their first language. Two common methodological approaches in SDA studies could lead to underestimating the phonetic changes that mobile speakers may experience: only large phonetic differences between dialects are considered, and external sources are used to infer what should have been the speakers’ original dialect. By contrast, in this study, we carry out a longitudinal analysis to empirically assess the speakers’ baseline and shift away from it with no priors as to which features should change or not. Furthermore, we focus on Quebec French, a variety with a relatively crowded vowel space. Using Mahalanobis distances, we measure how acoustic characteristics of vowels produced by 15 mobile speakers change relative to those of a control group of 8 sedentary speakers, with the mobile participants recorded right after they moved to Quebec City, then a year later. Overall, the results show a reduction of Mahalanobis distances over time, indicating convergence toward the control system. Convergence also tends to be greater in denser areas of the vowel space. These results suggest that phonetic changes during SDA could be finer than previously thought. This study calls for the use of methodological approaches that can reveal such trends, and contributes to uncovering the extent of phonetic flexibility during adulthood.
The Power of Death Valence: A Revised Terror Management Process
Authors: Stiller Mel , Di Masso Andrés
Published: June 2022

Terror management strategies (TMS) are assumed to affect social prejudice. In a prior study, positive death valence in wave 1 reduced gender-related stereotypes in wave 2. Psychosocial intervention against prejudice requires a deeper understanding of the terror management process. We investigated the relationships between death anxiety, death valence, mortality salience and TMS in a mixed method study. Participants showed complex emotions in the face of death, including fear, anxiety, sadness and ambivalent calm. Positive death valence was associated with more conscious fear, but with less implicit death anxiety, while negative death valence was associated with more death denial. In conclusion, we propose death anxiety as a distal precursor and death valence as a proximate precursor of the plural TMS that are triggered by mortality salience.
Extending CloudSim to simulate sensor networks
Authors: Habaebi Mohamed Hadi , Merrad Yaçine , Islam Md Rafiqul , Elsheikh Elfatih A A , Sliman F M , Mesri Mokhtaria
Published: June 2022

With the enormous growth of sensing devices tending to the use of Internet of everything, data aggregated by these devices are the biggest data streams generated in the history of IT. Thus, aggregating such data in the cloud for leveraging powerful cloud computing processing and storage is essential, and it eventually led to the emergence of Sensor-Cloud concept. This has allowed aggregation of the sensors’ data to the cloud for further processing, storage, and visualization. Furthermore, virtualization makes the sensors accessible to other end-user applications that require such data. All of these features are expected to be provided by the Sensor-Cloud invisibly, without the end-user application developer being aware of the sensor location or hardware specifications. For these reasons, a simulation platform where Sensor-Cloud infrastructure agents and components may be modeled, scheduling policies defined, and execution time assessed is essential to assure performance and quality of service. The aim of this study is to develop such a platform by enhancing CloudSim, the most well-known and powerful simulation tool for cloud computing. A user-friendly Java Script Swing-based graphical user interface (GUI) has been carefully designed and implemented for this purpose. The user can then utilize the specific interface to define the Cloudlet type as well as the scheduling on a single virtual machine. Finally, a simulation study is carried out on the platform to demonstrate its efficiency and accuracy. We were able to fully model the needed scenarios and acquire real-time results, displaying good accuracy in terms of application response time with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.37%, demonstrating the increased proposed platform’s proper operation.
A study on the unwinding tension control of an elastic yarn
Authors: Zhang Ronggen , Feng Pei , Yang Chongchang
Published: June 2022

During the processing of covered yarn, the stability of the tension of the yarn unwinding from the package directly affects the quality of the covered yarn. In this work, a mathematical model of the yarn unwinding balloon was established, and the influence of Coriolis force and air resistance on the balloon was considered. Further, the balloon shape of the yarn at different unwinding linear speeds was studied. An experimental observation platform for the yarn balloon morphology was built. The comparative analysis of the balloon shape obtained using the experimental observation and the theoretical research results showed that the mathematical model of the yarn unwinding balloon is correct. The phenomenon of scratching the upper edge of the package during the unwinding of spandex should be avoided. Finally, in order to maximize the diameter of the spandex package, the taper of the core yarn bobbin and the minimum yarn guide distance was determined based on the guidance of the theoretical simulations and experimental analysis. The research results provide a design base for the layout and structural dimensions of the follow-up elastic fiber passive precision tension control device.
TRAPPED BY SOVEREIGNTY
Authors: Schimmel Noam
Published: June 2022

This article examines the legal contours of the international law regime as it relates to internally displaced people (IDPs) and assesses it critically. It analyzes the structural legal and humanitarian injustices from which IDPs suffer as a result of often arbitrary distinctions between them and refugees in international refugee law, international human rights law, and international humanitarian law. It explores how IDPs do not have the same explicit, dedicated legal protections in international law as refugees who have fled their countries of origin and crossed an international border. It argues that precisely because IDPs lack international legal protections, their rights and needs are often overlooked and met with indifference and lack of sufficient humanitarian response from the United Nations, its agencies and member states, and global humanitarian NGOs. It discusses efforts to recognize a specific set of international legal rights for IDPs, why they have been stymied for several decades, and the practical consequences in terms of human rights deferred and denied and human welfare undermined for IDPs and their increasing vulnerability and disadvantage. Finally, it presents ways of improving respect for and fulfillment of the human rights of IDPs.
A retrospective examination of changes in drinking motives during the early COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Spillane Nichea S. , Schick Melissa R. , Nalven Tessa , Crawford Michael C. , Martz Anika S.
Published: June 2022

Objective

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to substantial changes in college student alcohol use. Changes in drinking motives may explain some of these changes in drinking patterns. The purpose of the present study is to explore how drinking motives and alcohol use have changed amongst college students considering the timeframes before and after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., March 2020) in the United States. We hypothesized that there would be significant changes in drinking motives after March 2020, which would be significantly related to changes in alcohol use.

Methods

Participants for the current study were undergraduate students reporting lifetime alcohol use ( n = 198, M age = 21.3, 66.7% female, 86.4% White) recruited through online advertisements in classes to complete an online survey in April 2020. Participants were asked to report on their drinking motives and alcohol use considering the timeframes before and after the onset of closures and stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., before and since March 2020).

Results

Paired samples t-tests revealed that endorsement of social ( t[171) = 12.79, p < .001, d = 1.16) and conformity motives significantly decreased ( t[170] = 4.46, p < .001, d = 0.31), while endorsement of coping motives significantly increased ( t[172] = -2.70, p = .008, d = .15) after the onset of COVID-19. Linear regression analyses, controlling for drinking motives before March 2020, revealed that changes in enhancement ( β = -.47, p < .001) and coping motives ( β = -.22, p = .04) were significantly associated with changes in alcohol use quantity.

Conclusions

Findings of the present study support the need for interventions to target coping and social drinking to reduce risk for alcohol use.
Black Lives Matter and Nigrescence Theory: When Police Violence Triggers an Encounter
Authors: Cross William E. , Neville Helen A. , Austin Crystal L. , Reinhardt Jessica S.
Published: June 2022

Black Lives Matter (BLM) is a social movement. The video recording of the death of George Floyd represented a collective Encounter that spread across the United States and the globe via various social media platforms with startling immediacy. In this manuscript, the authors apply Nigrescence theory to the BLM protests of 2020. We argue that Nigrescence theory provides a framework to understand catalysts to individual and collective activism and the progression of a social movement. In the current analysis, Immersion-Emersion is demonstrated citing the types of social and organizational changes initiated by groups, companies, and institutions. The movement is ongoing; thus, evidence of Internalization as well as Internalization-Commitment is missing. However, published objectives make clear the movement’s vision and commitments. Although it centers race, when combined with the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic, BLM has uncovered the need for change related to social class as well as race and an immediate challenge for the BLM leadership is their ability to address this intersectional phenomenon.