bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results on the Gowers U2 Norm of Generalized Boolean Functions
Authors: Yang Zhiyao , Ke Pinhui , Chen Zhixiong , Wu Chenhuang
Published: September 2022

Recently, a framework for employing the Gowers [Formula: see text] norm in the context of (generalized) Boolean functions with cryptographic significance was introduced. In this paper, we first give tight bounds on the Gowers [Formula: see text] norm of generalized Boolean functions via the (generalized) sum-of-squares indicator. Secondly, we provide a framework for the generalized signal-to-noise ratio ([Formula: see text]) of generalized [Formula: see text]-functions. We characterize the [Formula: see text] in terms of the Gowers [Formula: see text] norm. In particular, we present a direct link between the [Formula: see text] of a class of generalized Boolean functions and the [Formula: see text] of its component Boolean functions. Finally, the expressions of the Gowers [Formula: see text] norm of generalized Boolean functions from some well-known secondary constructions (the concatenation and Carlet’s construction) are obtained.
Classical and quantum dynamics of a constrained particle on three-dimensional spaces of constant curvature: An algebraic approach on the superintegrable problem
Authors: Najafizade Amene , Panahi Hossein
Published: September 2022

In this study, we discuss a particle which is the constraint on a four-dimensional Euclidean space [Formula: see text]. In this respect and under the framework of Dirac’s approach, we analyze the classical and quantum dynamics of a particle constrained on an embedded surface in supersphere [Formula: see text], which has constant curvature and signature equal to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. In fact, it is presented that the Cartesian components of momentum and position exhibit a proper description for the motion of the particle embedded in a generalized curved space. Thus, quantization of dynamics for a particle on the hypersurface [Formula: see text] derives an appropriate representation of momentum called geometric momentum as it depends on the mean curvature. The invariance algebra generated by the quantization process is an extension of [Formula: see text] with curvature parameters in both classical and quantum dynamics. Moreover, superintegrability appears in the deformed Hamiltonian [Formula: see text] arising from the Dirac brackets, in which [Formula: see text] of the underlying space behaves as the curvature (deformation) parameter.
Lensing effects in galactic retarded gravity: Why “Dark Matter” is the same for both gravitational lensing and rotation curves
Authors: Yahalom Asher
Published: September 2022

Galaxies are huge physical systems having a generic size of tens of thousands of parsecs. Thus, any modification at the center of the galaxy will affect the outskirts only tens of millennia afterwards. Those retardation considerations seem to be neglected in present day analysis used to estimated rotational velocities of matter in the rim of the galaxy and its surrounding gas. The significant differences between the velocities predicted by Newtonian action at a distance theory and observations are usually dealt with by either assuming an unobservable type of matter usually referred to as “dark matter” or by modifying the laws of gravity (MOND as a typical example). Here we demonstrate that considering general relativistic effects one can explain the apparent excess matter leading to gravitational lensing in both galaxies and galaxy clusters. We also explain why the amount of “dark matter” must be the same for both rotational curves and gravitational lensing.
Dark matter or strong gravity?
Authors: Das Saurya , Sur Sourav
Published: September 2022

In this essay, we show that Newton’s gravitational potential, augmented by a logarithmic term, partly or wholly mitigates the need for dark matter. As a bonus, it also explains why MOND seems to work at galactic scales. We speculate on the origin of such a potential.
A phantom dark energy model without a ghost field
Authors: Hova Hoavo
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we investigate geometrically the late-time cosmic acceleration in the presence of pressureless matter and when the universe is devoid of matter. The expansion of the universe undergoes an acceleration due to the modification of Riemann manifold and could even evolve into a phantom regime without considering a ghost field. This phantom stage is explained in terms of generalized fluids with inhomogeneous modifications. Cosmological parameters found in this paper are roughly compatible with latest results based on astrophysical data. We also derive the corresponding [Formula: see text]-gravity.
Effects of variable equations of state on the stability of nonlinear electrodynamics thin-shell wormholes
Authors: Javed Faisal , Fatima G. , Mustafa G. , Övgün Ali
Published: September 2022

This paper explores the role of nonlinear electrodynamics on the stable configuration of thin-shell wormholes formulated from two equivalent geometries of Reissner–Nordström black hole with nonlinear electrodynamics. For this purpose, we use cut and paste approach to eliminate the central singularity and event horizons of the black hole geometry. Then, we explore the stability of the developed model by considering different types of matter distribution located at thin-shell, i.e. barotropic model and variable equations of state (phantomlike variable and Chaplygin variable models). We use linearized radial perturbation to explore the stable characteristics of thin-shell wormholes. It is interesting to mention that Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström black holes show the unstable configuration for such type of matter distribution while Reissner–Nordström black hole with nonlinear electrodynamics expresses stable regions. It is found that the presence of nonlinear electrodynamics gives the possibility of a stable structure for barotropic as well as variable models. It is concluded that stable region increases for these models by considering higher negative values of coupling constant [Formula: see text] and the real constant [Formula: see text].
Characterizations of mixed quasi-Einstein spacetimes under Gray’s decomposition
Authors: Hazra Dipankar , De Uday Chand , Sarkar Avijit
Published: September 2022

In this study, we analyze mixed quasi-Einstein spacetimes endowed with Gray’s decomposition, as well as generalized Robertson–Walker spacetimes. For mixed quasi-Einstein spacetimes, the shape of the Ricci tensor in all [Formula: see text]-invariant subspaces can be identified using Gray’s decomposition of the gradient of the Ricci tensor. In case one, such a spacetime is found to be static; in three cases, the Ricci tensor is found to be in the form of a Â perfect fluid; and in the other three situations, the spacetime becomes a quasi-Einstein spacetime under certain restrictions on the associated vector fields. Finally, it is established that a mixed quasi-Einstein generalized Â Robertson–Walker spacetime is a perfect fluid spacetime.
Strengthening the State through Crisis Management: Battles against the SARS and COVID-19 Pandemics in China
Authors: JIANG GUANGMING , ONG LYNETTE
Published: September 2022

How do state leaders use crisis management to strengthen state infrastructural power? What explains the strategic choices of a state’s selective institutionalization of crisis measures? Crises offer unique opportunities for state-building, yet the role of crisis management in consolidating state power is underexamined. This paper explores these important issues by examining how the Chinese government has deployed wartime-like measures in battling the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. While authorities in China have adopted unconventional measures in managing the crises, they have selectively normalized ad hoc practices and institutionalized certain measures to strengthen state infrastructural power once they have ended or been temporarily contained. Drawing on the frameworks of rational choice and historical institutionalism, our analysis suggests that the central government normalizes or institutionalizes measures that help to consolidate its control of the bureaucracy and enhance regime legitimacy.
UEFPN: Unified and Enhanced Feature Pyramid Networks for Small Object Detection
Authors: Qiao Ziteng , Shi Dianxi , Yi Xiaodong , Shi Yanyan , Zhang Yuhui , Liu Yangyang
Published: September 2022

Object detection models based on feature pyramid networks have made significant progress in general object detection. However, small object detection is still a challenge for the existing models. In this paper, we think that two factors in the existing feature pyramid networks inhibit the performance of small object detection. The first one is that the different feature domains of shallow and deep layer features inhibit the model performance. The second one is that the accumulation of upper layer features leads to feature aliasing effect on the lower layer features, which interferes with the representations of small object features. Therefore, we propose
Unified and Enhanced Feature Pyramid Networks (UEFPN)
to improve the APs and ARs of small object detection. It has the following three characteristics: (1) Using the deep features of high-resolution image and original image to form the multi-scale features of unified domain. (2) In multi-scale features fusion, we learn the importance of upper layer features with the
Channel Attention Fusion module (CAF)
, to optimize feature aliasing effect and enhance the context information of shallow layer features. (3) UEFPN can be quickly applied to different models. The results of many experiments show that the models with UEFPN achieve significant performance improvement in small object detection compared with the baseline models.
A Comprehensive Review on Vision-Based Violence Detection in Surveillance Videos
Authors: Ullah Fath U Min , Obaidat Mohammad S. , Ullah Amin , Muhammad Khan , Hijji Mohammad , Baik Sung Wook
Published: September 2022

Recent advancements in intelligent surveillance systems for video analysis have been a topic of great interest in the research community due to the vast number of applications to monitor humans’ activities. The growing demand for these systems aims towards automatic violence detection (VD) systems enhancing and comforting human lives through artificial neural networks (ANN) and machine intelligence. Extremely overcrowded regions such as subways, public streets, banks, and the industries need such automatic VD system to ensure safety and security in the smart city. For this purpose, researchers have published extensive VD literature in the form of surveys, proposals, and extensive reviews. Existing VD surveys are limited to a single domain of study, i.e., coverage of VD for non-surveillance or for person-to-person data only. To deeply examine and contribute to the VD arena, we survey and analyze the VD literature into a single platform that highlights the working flow of VD in terms of machine learning strategies, neural networks (NNs)-based patterns analysis, limitations in existing VD articles, and their source details. Further, we investigate VD in terms of surveillance datasets and VD applications and debate on the challenges faced by researchers using these datasets. We comprehensively discuss the evaluation strategies and metrics for VD methods. Finally, we emphasize the recommendations in future research guidelines of VD that aid this arena with respect to trending research endeavors.
Ionic Conduction of Ceramic/Molten Salt Composite Electrolyte in Fuel Cell with Lithium Compound as Electrode
Authors: Wei Kai , Chen Gang , Chen Zhuo , Dai Ruixin , Yu Kai , Geng Shujiang
Published: September 2022

The ionic conduction of GDC electrolyte in a ceramic fuel cell (CFC) with NCAL as symmetrical electrode was investigated. Under the test condition of hydrogen concentration cell with pure hydrogen and 3% H2 + 97% Ar flowing into both sides of the cell, the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the cell with NCAL as the symmetrical electrode reaches 57 mV at 550 °C, while the OCV of the cell using Pt symmetrical electrode is close to 0 V，indicating that there is proton conduction in the cell with NCAL as the symmetrical electrode. The characterization results of SEM, XPS and TOF-SIMS indicate that the internal phase composition of the electrolyte of the as-prepared cell changes from pure GDC to GDC/LiOH + Li2CO3 + Li2O composite after the test of hydrogen concentration cell. Combined with the composition of the GDC/LiOH + Li2CO3 + Li2O composite electrolyte and the variation law of proton transference numbers at different temperatures, it is speculated that the carriers of the composite electrolyte formed during the test of CFC using NCAL symmetrical electrode in H2 may include OH− and/or O2− in addition to proton.
Hydrogen Crossover in PEM Water Electrolysis at Current Densities up to 10 A cm−2
Authors: Martin Agate , Trinke Patrick , Bensmann Boris , Hanke-Rauschenbach Richard
Published: September 2022

Hydrogen crossover poses a critical issue in terms of the safe and efficient operation in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). The impact of key operating parameters such as temperature and pressure on crossover was investigated in the past. However, many recent studies suggest that the relation between the hydrogen crossover flux and the current density is not fully resolved. This study investigates the hydrogen crossover of PEMWE cells using a thin Nafion 212 membrane at current densities up to 10 A cm−2 and cathode pressures up to 10 bar, by analysing the anode product gas with gas chromatography. The results show that the hydrogen crossover flux generally increases over the entire current density range. However, the fluxes pass through regions with varying slopes and flatten in the high current regime. Only considering hydrogen diffusion as the single transport mechanism is insufficient to explain these data. Under the prevailing conditions, it is concluded that the electro-osmotic drag of water containing dissolved hydrogen should be considered additionally as a hydrogen transport mechanism. The drag of water acts opposite to hydrogen diffusion and has an attenuating effect on the hydrogen crossover in PEMWE cells with increasing current densities.
Airway smooth muscle thickness and contraction are enhanced by intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide in an ovine model of premature birth
Authors: Savigni Donna L. , Chang Amy Y. , Sorensen Natasha L. , Papagianis Paris C. , Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh Siavash , Pillow J. Jane , Noble Peter B.
Published: September 2022

Abnormalities of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer in asthma may develop before birth. Using an ovine model of antenatal inflammation, we demonstrate thickening and increased contraction of the premature ASM layer. If such physiological abnormalities persist throughout postnatal life, this represents a predisposition to an asthma diagnosis.
Position effect of trans-spinal magnetic stimulation on diaphragmatic motor evoked potential in healthy humans
Authors: Ren Ming-Yue , Liou Li-Min , Vinit Stéphane , Lee Kun-Ze
Published: September 2022

The present study investigated position effect of trans-spinal magnetic stimulation using figure-of-eight coil on diaphragm in healthy humans. The result demonstrated that midline trans-spinal magnetic stimulation induces coactivation of bilateral diaphragm, whereas lateral trans-spinal magnetic stimulation induces greater motor evoked potentials in the ipsilateral than the contralateral diaphragm. These results suggest that trans-spinal magnetic stimulation is feasible to induce diaphragmatic motor evoked potential, and there is a lateral-midline effect of trans-spinal magnetic stimulation on diaphragm.
An Investigation of Organizational Culture of Higher Education: The Case of Hawassa University
Authors: Demissie Dereje , Egziabher Felekech G.
Published: September 2022

With an emphasis on Hawassa University, the study was set out to examine the organizational cultures of HEIs in Ethiopia in both existing and preferred situations. The study used a mixed methods approach and an explanatory research design. Respondents from the four colleges and institutes of Hawassa University selected using purposive sampling included academic personnel, administrative employees, and students. Out of the 436 surveys issued, 396 respondents, 60 were members of the academic staff, 120 were members of the administrative staff, and 216 were students, completed and returned the questionnaires correctly. The respondents were chosen using a simple random sampling procedure. Additionally, two student councils, three college deans, and two administrative staff directorates were purposely chosen to participate in the interview. Through surveys and interviews, both qualitative and quantitative data were gathered. Both descriptive statistics (percentage and mean) and inferential statistics (ANOVA) were applied to the data in order to analyze it. Even though Hawassa University’s staff and students prefer a clan culture, the study’s findings revealed that hierarchy culture is the institution’s predominant organizational culture. In addition, it is discovered that the hierarchy in the present and the clan in the favored contexts are a little stronger and more prominent than the other cultural types. However, out of the six cultural dimensions, the clan culture type is based on the dominant traits, organizational leadership, strategic emphasis, and success criteria, whereas in the preferred situation, management of employees and organizational glue are perceived as being adhocracy and market culture, respectively. In general, an organization’s culture influences not only the performance of its employees but also the effectiveness of the organization as a whole. Therefore, higher education officials must seek to change the current organizational culture of their institutions in order to serve the requirements and interests of stakeholders and to improve the overall performance of their organizations.
Correlation Analysis between El Niño and Regional Water Vapor Characteristics Based on Intelligent Sensor and Walktrap Algorithm
Authors: Huo Tingyu , Li Mingkui
Published: September 2022

Water vapor is an important part of the atmospheric system and plays a key role in the global water cycle, energy balance, extreme weather, and long-term climate research. It is of great significance to fully grasp the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of water vapor for the study of various climate models. The traditional water vapor detection technology mainly has the problems of low spatial-temporal resolution and poor capture of fine changes. In recent decades, the rapid development of intelligent sensor technology and Walktrap algorithm has made it a reliable means to obtain and analyze the characteristics of water vapor. However, the acquisition of atmospheric water vapor requires two key parameters: station pressure (PS) and weighted average temperature (TM). Since most traditional stations are mainly used for geodetic research, few are equipped with meteorological intelligent sensors. Therefore, based on the traditional meteorological stations, this paper improves the equipment of the traditional stations and endows the traditional stations with precise and sensitive intelligent sensor equipment to obtain the regional water vapor characteristic data of El Niño and a province in the east of China, combined with the advanced Walktrap algorithm, in order to use the above equipment and technology to realize the correlation analysis of El Niño and regional water vapor characteristics. The results show that through the water vapor information calculated by 12 coastal stations, the relationship between monthly average PWV and seawater surface temperature is studied, and the correlation degree between the relevant characteristics is as high as 94.6%.
[Retracted] The Impact of Cultural Creative Product Design for Sport Events on the Residents’ Fitness
Authors: Li Mohan , Liu Yanping
Published: September 2022

Cultural and creative product design of sports events is an important part of sports industry, which can improve the economic benefits of sports industry. Based on this background, this paper puts forward a regression analysis method to deeply analyze the design of cultural and creative products in sports events, aiming at driving the healthy development of residents and improving their health levels. First of all, 620 residents were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group to compare natural characteristics, historical characteristics, folk crafts, regional culture, and other indicators. Then, find out the factors with significant differences, and carry out regression analysis to provide corresponding measures for the design of cultural and creative products in sports events. The results show that the main influencing factors of creative product design are natural characteristics, historical characteristics, folk crafts, regional culture, and promotion effect, and each index has a significant impact on residents’ fitness, and there are significant differences. Therefore, all regions should improve the design level of sports events, bring through the development of residents’ fitness industry, and effectively guide residents’ fitness.
Antimalarial Activity of Extract and Fractions of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.
Authors: Ekasari Wiwied , Fatmawati Dwi , Khoiriah Siti M. , Baqiuddin Wenda A. , Nisa Hawi Q. , Maharupini Adinda A. S. , Wahyuni Tutik S. , Oktarina Rice D. , Suhartono Eko , Sahu Ram K.
Published: September 2022

Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr., in the Indonesian local name known as “Katuk,” is a tropical shrub plant of the family Euphorbiaceae. Based on genus and chemotaxonomic approaches, as well as in vitro testing of Plasmodium falciparum, leaves of S. androgynus are presumed to have an active compound content as an antimalarial. The current study aims to investigate the antimalarial activity of 96% ethanol extract and fractions of S. androgynus leaves. The ethanolic extract was fractionated using the vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) method with three solvents of different polarities (n-hexane, chloroform, and 96% ethanol). The fraction obtained was then evaluated for antimalarial activity against P. falciparum 3D7 strain. The ethanolic extract was evaluated for antimalarial suppressive and prophylactic activity against P. berghei-infected mice, as well as inhibitory activity against the heme detoxification process in vitro. Fractionation of ethanolic extract resulted in seven combined fractions, with the most active fraction being FV (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 2.042 µg/mL). The ethanolic extract showed good parasitic suppressive (therapeutic) activity with a median effective dose (ED50) value of 15.35 mg/kg body weight. In a prophylactic test, ethanolic extract showed parasite growth inhibitory activity of 67.74 ± 9.21% after the administration of 400 mg/kg body weight for 4 days before infection, and 65.30 ± 10.44% after the administration of 200 mg/kg body weight for 8 consecutive days (4 days before and after infection). The ethanolic extract also showed an effect in inhibiting the formation of β-hematin of about 26.87–79.36% at a concentration of 0.1–4 mg/mL and an IC50 value of 0.479 mg/mL. The S. androgynus leaves were shown to have antimalarial activity in vitro and in vivo, where ethanolic extract were more active compared with the fraction obtained. The antimalarial properties of the extract showed a higher suppressive activity than prophylactic activity.
A Comparison of the Efficacy of 5 mg Olanzapine and Aprepitant in the Prevention of Multiple-Day Cisplatin Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Liu Guang , Jin Yilan , Jiang Ying , Zhao Juan , Jiang Caihong , Zhang Zewei , Zhao Lanzhen , Li Hui , Chen Feng , Wang Jing , Fan Hui , Li Zhenhao , Jia Yongqiang , Jin Gaowa , Li Quanfu
Published: September 2022

Objective. The significance of this article is to talk about aprepitant and olanzapine 5 mg, compare them, and deeply explore the safety or effectiveness during the whole process of multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy-induced vomiting and nausea. Methods. This trial was randomized and prospective. It is needed to receive cisplatin chemotherapy (25 mg/m2/d) for three days. Its patients would need to choose to use 5 mg olanzapine or aprepitant for this treatment, combined with 5-HT3 receptor antagonist plus dexamethasone. The primary endpoints were the total protection (TP) during the acute phase (AP) (0–24 hours), delayed phase (DP) (25–120 hours), and overall phase (OP) (0–120 h) between the two groups. The secondary endpoints were the complete response (CR) and total control (TC) during the three phases. The first time of the whole process is particularly important and needs to be observed vigorously. However, the time of the patient’s first vomiting symptom is also compared accurately by using the Kaplan–Meier curve. The functional life index vomiting (FLIE) was used to calculate and carefully evaluate the serious impact of nausea and vomiting (CINV) induced by the whole chemotherapy process on the quality of life. About olanzapine, its related symptoms and other side effects and aprepitant were also recorded. Results. (1) The primary endpoint TP rates of the olanzapine and aprepitant groups were similar; for the AP, they were 94.23% (98/104) vs. 95.45% (98/106)

P
=
0.61

(

P
=
0.61

); for the DP, they were 54.81% (57/104) vs. 54.72% (58/106) (

P
=
0.99

), and for the OP, the values were 53.79% (58/105) and 55.31% (56/104), respectively (

P
=
0.99

). The secondary endpoints, the TC rates, and CR rates were also comparable in the three phases (

P
>
0.05

). (2) After research and display, the results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups when they were used for the first time of vomiting and the FLIE index (

P
>
0.05

). (3) The main olanzapine-related adverse event was drowsiness, while that of aprepitant was constipation. Conclusion. The efficacy of 5 mg olanzapine was similar to that of aprepitant, and it also showed an advantageous economic potency ratio in preventing CINV induced by multiple-day cisplatin chemotherapy with increased sedation side effects.
The Different Effects of Firm Resources on Firm Performance under Volatility: An Examination Using Big Data
Authors: Piao Xuelian , Choi MyeongCheol
Published: September 2022

According to the resource‐based view, research and development (R&D) and advertising are critical resources firms use to improve their performance. This study aims to clarify the different effects of R&D and advertising on firm performance using distinct criteria—firm value and firm profitability. It also verifies whether the effects of R&D and advertising apply in a volatile environment. We run panel data regression models with a big data sample of manufacturing firms publicly listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index over an extended period of 27 years. We find that R&D has more positive effects on firm value than advertising, while advertising has more positive effects on firm profitability than R&D; these relationships are consistent even when volatility is considered. This suggests that firms should mix and match their investments between R&D and advertising resources for improved effectiveness and efficiency, and these resources should be accumulated and exploited consistently regardless of environmental dynamics.
A Comprehensive Study of Ceramic Matrix Composites for Space Applications
Authors: Dhanasekar S. , Ganesan Arul Thayammal , Rani Taneti Lilly , Vinjamuri Venkata Kamesh , Nageswara Rao Medikondu , Shankar E. , Dharamvir  , Kumar P. Suresh , Misganaw Golie Wondalem
Published: September 2022

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have grown in popularity as a material for a range of high as well as protection components, increasing the need to better understand the impacts of multiple machining methods. It is primarily composed of ceramic fibers embedded in the matrix. Ceramic materials, especially carbon fibers and carbon were used to create the matrix and fibers. These ceramics include a huge variety of non-metallic inorganic materials that are regularly utilized under high temperatures. The aircraft industry became revolutionized by this unique combination of materials, which made parts better resistant under extreme conditions as well as lighter than the earlier technology. The development, properties, and production of ceramic matrix composites, as well as space applications, are discussed in this article. Ceramic materials have an interesting set of properties, including great strength and stiffness under extremely high temperatures, chemical inertness, low density, etc. In CMC, ceramics are used in the matrix as well as reinforcement. The matrix material keeps things running smoothly while the reinforcement delivers unique special properties. Ceramic matrix composites are developed for applications that required high thermal and mechanical characteristics, which include nuclear power plants, aircraft, chemical plants, space structures, and transportation services. Even though advanced aircraft relies on high-performance propulsion systems, improving the total impulses over the total mass ratio for rocket engines becomes essential for improving their performance that demands reduced engine structural weight as well as higher component heat resistance. The evolution of new ultra-high-temperature composites having high-temperature resistance as well as low density that a substitute super alloy and refractory metal material has become so essential and laid the foundation for high-performance engine design. The benefits of continuous fiber- reinforced CMC with high-temperature engine designs have long been recognized as a better measure of a country’s ability to design and produce spacecraft, modern aircraft, and weapons. Ceramic matrix composites materials are used in various aircraft type engines, aircraft brake disks, high-temperature gas turbines components, slide bearing components, hot gas duct, flame holders and components for burners are made by using oxide CMCs.
An Image-Based Deep Learning Approach with Improved DETR for Power Line Insulator Defect Detection
Authors: Cheng Yang , Liu Daming
Published: September 2022

Insulators are basic parts of high-voltage transmission, and detecting faults of insulators is a critical task. Most state-of-the-art methods contain two or more stages, including insulator detection and defect locating. Some also involve hand-designed components to improve the performance due to the complicated and misleading background of the wild. To automatically detect faults in UAV-captured insulator images, this paper presents a method that introduces DETR into insulator defect detection. With the self-attention mechanism in Transformer, the model can naturally exploit its advantage in focusing on the target area. However, training DETR requires large data sets and long training schedules to establish spatial relations in sparse locations, which makes it generally not feasible to train in small data sets. To explore the possibility of training a well-performing model with a data set that minimizes the cost of collecting insulator images, transfer learning techniques were applied to this process. To compensate for the disadvantage of DETR in detecting small objects at more precise scales, an improved loss was transplanted to this model. The results show that our proposed method can detect defects directly from UAV images without the need to locate the insulator first, while providing competitive performance with a lower cost of collecting training samples.
Ocular Manifestations and Potential Treatments of Alport Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramakrishnan Rahul , Shenoy Atira , Meyer Damon
Published: September 2022

Objectives. Alport syndrome (AS) is a severe, rare hereditary disorder that can lead to end-stage renal disease, auditory degeneration, and ocular abnormalities. Despite extensive research on AS in relation to auditory and renal disorders, more research is needed on the ocular presentations of AS. This systematic review aims to summarize the common ocular abnormalities in patients with AS and to explore the potential treatment options for these irregularities. Methods. The PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were systematically searched from January 1977 to April 2022. Only papers that were published in the English language and explored the ocular abnormalities in AS patients were selected. We manually searched reference lists of included papers for additional studies. Results. A total of 23 articles involving 195 patients were included in this review. The common ocular manifestations in AS patients are lenticonus, macular holes, fleck retinopathy, and thinning of the macula. Although published literature has described the use of cataract surgeries and vitrectomies as standard surgical techniques to alleviate ocular abnormalities in non-AS patients, it must be noted that surgical techniques have not been evaluated in a large research study as a solution for AS abnormalities. Another prospective treatment for AS is gene therapy through the reversion of causative COL4 variants to wild type or exon-skipping therapy for X-linked AS with COL4A5 truncating mutations. Gene therapy, however, remains unable to treat alterations that occur in the fetal and early development phase of the disease. Conclusions. The review found no definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy and safety of surgical techniques and gene therapy in AS patients. Recognition of ocular abnormalities through an ophthalmic examination with an optical coherence tomography (OCT) and slit-lamp examination is critical to the medical field, as ophthalmologists can aid nephrologists and other physicians in diagnosing AS. Early diagnosis and care can minimize the risk of detrimental ocular outcomes, such as blindness and retinal detachment.
The Nonproteolytic Intracellular Domain of Membrane-Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Coordinately Modulates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Atherosclerosis in Mice—Brief Report
Authors: Silvestro Michele , Rivera Cristobal F. , Alebrahim Dornazsadat , Vlahos John , Pratama Muhammad Yogi , Lu Cuijie , Tang Claudia , Harpel Zander , Sleiman Tellaoui Rayan , Zias Ariadne L. , Maldonado Delphina J. , Byrd Devon , Attur Mukundan , Mignatti Paolo , Ramkhelawon Bhama
Published: September 2022

Background:

MT1-MMP (membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase, MMP-14) is a transmembrane-anchored protein with an extracellular proteinase domain and a cytoplasmic tail devoid of proteolytic functions but capable of mediating intracellular signaling that regulates tissue homeostasis. MT1-MMP extracellular proteolytic activity has been shown to regulate pathological remodeling in aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis. However, the role of the nonproteolytic intracellular domain of MT1-MMP in vascular remodeling in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is unknown.

Methods:

We generated a mutant mouse that harbors a point mutation (Y573D) in the MT1-MMP cytoplasmic domain that abrogates the MT1-MMP signaling function without affecting its proteolytic activity. These mice and their control wild-type littermates were subjected to experimental AAA modeled by angiotensin II infusion combined with PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) overexpression and high-cholesterol feeding.

Results:

The mutant mice developed more severe AAA than the control mice, with concomitant generation of intraaneurysmal atherosclerotic lesions and dramatically increased macrophage infiltration and elastin degradation. Aortic lesion-associated and bone marrow–derived macrophages from the mutant mice exhibited an enhanced inflammatory state and expressed elevated levels of proinflammatory Netrin-1, a protein previously demonstrated to promote both atherosclerosis and AAA.

Conclusions:

Our findings show that the cytoplasmic domain of MT1-MMP safeguards from AAA and atherosclerotic plaque development through a proteolysis-independent signaling mechanism associated with Netrin-1 expression. This unexpected function of MT1-MMP unveils a novel mechanism of synchronous onset of AAA and atherogenesis and highlights its importance in the control of vascular wall homeostasis.
Disparities in Geographic Access to Cardiac Rehabilitation in Los Angeles County
Authors: Ebinger Joseph E. , Lan Roy , Driver Matthew P. , Rushworth Parker , Luong Eric , Sun Nancy , Nguyen Trevor‐Trung , Sternbach Sarah , Hoang Amy , Diaz Jacqueline , Heath Mallory , Claggett Brian L. , Bairey Merz C. Noel , Cheng Susan
Published: September 2022

Background

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is known to reduce morbidity and mortality for patients with cardiac conditions. Sociodemographic disparities in accessing CR persist and could be related to the distance between where patients live and where CR facilities are located. Our objective is to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and geographic proximity to CR facilities.

Methods and Results

We identified actively operating CR facilities across Los Angeles County and used multivariable Poisson regression to examine the association between sociodemographic characteristics of residential proximity to the nearest CR facility. We also calculated the proportion of residents per area lacking geographic proximity to CR facilities across sociodemographic characteristics, from which we calculated prevalence ratios. We found that racial and ethnic minorities, compared with non‐Hispanic White individuals, more frequently live ≥5 miles from a CR facility. The greatest geographic disparity was seen for non‐Hispanic Black individuals, with a 2.73 (95% CI, 2.66–2.79) prevalence ratio of living at least 5 miles from a CR facility. Notably, the municipal region with the largest proportion of census tracts comprising mostly non‐White residents (those identifying as Hispanic or a race other than White), with median annual household income <$60 000, contained no CR facilities despite ranking among the county's highest in population density.

Conclusions

Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic characteristics are significantly associated with lack of geographic proximity to a CR facility. Interventions targeting geographic as well as nongeographic factors may be needed to reduce disparities in access to exercise‐based CR programs. Such interventions could increase the potential of CR to benefit patients at high risk for developing adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Sex‐Based Differences in 30‐Day Readmissions After Cardiac Arrest: Analysis of the Nationwide Readmissions Database
Authors: Sobti Navjot Kaur , Yeo Ilhwan , Cheung Jim W. , Feldman Dmitriy N. , Amin Nivee P. , Paul Tracy K. , Ascunce Rebecca R. , Mecklai Alicia , Marcus Julie L. , Subramanyam Pritha , Wong Shing‐Chiu , Kim Luke K.
Published: September 2022

Background

There are limited data on the sex‐based differences in the outcome of readmission after cardiac arrest.

Methods and Results

Using the Nationwide Readmissions Database, we analyzed patients hospitalized with cardiac arrest between 2010 and 2015. Based on
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
(
ICD‐9‐CM
) codes, we identified comorbidities, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the independent association between sex and outcomes. Of 835 894 patients, 44.4% (n=371 455) were women, of whom 80.7% presented with pulseless electrical activity (PEA)/asystole. Women primarily presented with PEA/asystole (80.7% versus 72.4%) and had a greater comorbidity burden than men, as assessed using the Elixhauser Comorbidity Score. Thirty‐day readmission rates were higher in women than men in both PEA/asystole (20.8% versus 19.6%) and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation arrests (19.4% versus 17.1%). Among ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation arrest survivors, women were more likely than men to be readmitted because of noncardiac causes, predominantly infectious, respiratory, and gastrointestinal illnesses. Among PEA/asystole survivors, women were at higher risk for all‐cause (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.07; [95% CI, 1.03–1.11]), cardiac‐cause (aOR, 1.15; [95% CI, 1.06–1.25]), and noncardiac‐cause (aOR, 1.13; [95% CI, 1.04–1.22]) readmission. During the index hospitalization, women were less likely than men to receive therapeutic procedures, including coronary angiography and targeted therapeutic management. While the crude case fatality rate was higher in women, in both ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (51.8% versus 47.4%) and PEA/asystole (69.3% versus 68.5%) arrests, sex was not independently associated with increased crude case fatality after adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics.

Conclusions

Women are at increased risk of readmission following cardiac arrest, independent of comorbidities and therapeutic interventions.
Demographic and Regional Trends in Stroke‐Related Mortality in Young Adults in the United States, 1999 to 2019
Authors: Ariss Robert W. , Minhas Abdul Mannan Khan , Lang Jacob , Ramanathan P. Kasi , Khan Safi U. , Kassi Mahwash , Warraich Haider J. , Kolte Dhaval , Alkhouli Mohamad , Nazir Salik
Published: September 2022

Background

Despite improvements in the management and prevention of stroke, increasing hospitalizations for stroke and stagnant mortality rates have been described in young adults. However, there is a paucity of contemporary national mortality estimates in young adults.

Methods and Results

Trends in mortality related to stroke in young adults (aged 25–64 years) were assessed using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database. Age‐adjusted mortality rates per 100 000 people with associated annual percentage change were calculated. Joinpoint regression was used to assess the trends in the overall sample and different demographic (sex, race and ethnicity, and age) and geographical (state, urban‐rural, and regional) subgroups. Between 1999 and 2019, a total of 566 916 stroke‐related deaths occurred among young adults. After the initial decline in mortality in the overall population, age‐adjusted mortality rate increased from 2013 to 2019 with an associated annual percentage change of 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1–2.0). Mortality rates were higher in men versus women and in non‐Hispanic Black people versus individuals of other races and ethnicities. Non‐Hispanic American Indian or Alaskan Native people had a marked increase in stroke‐related mortality (annual percentage change 2010–2019: 3.3). Furthermore, rural (nonmetropolitan) counties experienced the greatest increase in mortality (annual percentage change 2012–2019: 3.1) compared with urban (metropolitan) counties.

Conclusions

Following the initial decline in stroke‐related mortality, young adults have experienced increasing mortality rates from 2013 to 2019, with considerable differences across demographic groups and regions.
Differential Patterns and Outcomes of 20.6 Million Cardiovascular Emergency Department Encounters for Men and Women in the United States
Authors: Raisi‐Estabragh Zahra , Kobo Ofer , Elbadawi Ayman , Velagapudi Poonam , Sharma Garima , Bullock‐Palmer Renee P. , Petersen Steffen E. , Mehta Laxmi S. , Ullah Waqas , Roguin Ariel , Sun Louise Y. , Mamas Mamas A.
Published: September 2022

Background

We describe sex‐differential disease patterns and outcomes of >20.6 million cardiovascular emergency department encounters in the United States.

Methods and Results

We analyzed primary cardiovascular encounters from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample between 2016 and 2018. We grouped cardiovascular diagnoses into 15 disease categories. The sample included 48.7% women; median age was 67 (interquartile range, 54–78) years. Men had greater overall baseline comorbidity burden; however, women had higher rates of obesity, hypertension, and cerebrovascular disease. For women, the most common emergency department encounters were essential hypertension (16.0%), hypertensive heart or kidney disease (14.1%), and atrial fibrillation/flutter (10.2%). For men, the most common encounters were hypertensive heart or kidney disease (14.7%), essential hypertension (10.8%), and acute myocardial infarction (10.7%). Women were more likely to present with essential hypertension, hypertensive crisis, atrial fibrillation/flutter, supraventricular tachycardia, pulmonary embolism, or ischemic stroke. Men were more likely to present with acute myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest. In logistic regression models adjusted for baseline covariates, compared with men, women with intracranial hemorrhage had higher risk of hospitalization and death. Women presenting with pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis were less likely to be hospitalized. Women with aortic aneurysm/dissection had higher odds of hospitalization and death. Men were more likely to die following presentations with hypertensive heart or kidney disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter, acute myocardial infarction, or cardiac arrest.

Conclusions

In this large nationally representative sample of cardiovascular emergency department presentations, we demonstrate significant sex differences in disease distribution, hospitalization, and death.
John 9:6 Read With Isaiah 6:10; 20:9
Authors: Derrett J. Duncan M.
Published: September 2022

The anointing of the blind man’s eyes with clay in john 9:6 is to be explained in the light of Isaiah 6:10 and 20:9 where the Hebrew verbs used allow a punning connection between making blind, plastering over, and rejoicing.
The Teaching of the Puritans about Ordinary Work
Authors: Hart Ian
Published: September 2022

The article shows how the Puritans carried forward and developed 1the thinking of John Calvin in his positive assessment of daily work as 1lil integral part of the Christian life. They saw work as the expression of obedience to God and service to their fellows, and their detailed exposition of the topic is unsurpassed in its comprehensiveness.
Conversion Converted: A Postmodern Formulation of the Doctrine of Conversion
Authors: Kallenberg Brad J.
Published: September 2022

A growing voice in philosophy contends that it is impossible for theologians to formulate a doctrine free from all social, historical, and cultural conditioning. If this insight is correct, then the job of the dogmatic theologian is never finished; doctrines must be continually purged of erroneous philosophical presuppositions, as such errors come to light, and then reworked to achieve a better, though never ultimate, formulation. The adoption of historicism by contemporary Anglo-American philosophers may itself mark the dawning of a new, post-modem, period in philosophy. This paper argues for a postmodern formulation of the doctrine of conversion and discusses the implications of such for the practice of evangelism.
The Spirit and the Imago Dei: Reviewing the Anthropology of Irenaeus of Lyons
Authors: Purves James G. M.
Published: September 2022

This article looks at Irenaeus’ theological anthropology, seeking to tease out the fragile yet popular belief that Irenaeus was responsible for laying the foundations of the distinction, which grew up in western theology, between the image and the likeness of God in man. In offering a fresh interpretation of Irenaeus’ presentation of Christ’s saving mission and in noting how Irenaeus preserves a strong and distinctive pneumatology, we set out to examine the interaction of christological and pneumatological motifs in Irenaeus’ understanding of the atonement and theological anthropology. More specifically, we look at the importance of a particular theme in Irenaeus’ thought: his perception of the Son and the Spirit as the ‛two hands’ of the Father.

The author of this article believes that a re-examination of Irenaeus’ perception of man as the image of God can be of help in addressing problems, relating to the relative significance of the Son and the Spirit, which arise within the field of contemporary Christian spirituality.