bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With COVID-19 Death in the United States: Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Uan-I , Xu Hua , Krause Trudy Millard , Greenberg Raymond , Dong Xiao , Jiang Xiaoqian
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Since the initial COVID-19 cases were identified in the United States in February 2020, the United States has experienced a high incidence of the disease. Understanding the risk factors for severe outcomes identifies the most vulnerable populations and helps in decision-making.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the factors associated with COVID-19–related deaths from a large, national, individual-level data set.

METHODS

A cohort study was conducted using data from the Optum de-identified COVID-19 electronic health record (EHR) data set; 1,271,033 adult participants were observed from February 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020, until their deaths due to COVID-19, deaths due to other reasons, or the end of the study. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to evaluate the risks for each patient characteristic.

RESULTS

A total of 1,271,033 participants (age: mean 52.6, SD 17.9 years; male: 507,574/1,271,033, 39.93%) were included in the study, and 3315 (0.26%) deaths were attributed to COVID-19. Factors associated with COVID-19–related death included older age (80 vs 50-59 years old: hazard ratio [HR] 13.28, 95% CI 11.46-15.39), male sex (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.57-1.80), obesity (BMI 40 vs <30 kg/m2: HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.50-1.96), race (Hispanic White, African American, Asian vs non-Hispanic White: HR 2.46, 95% CI 2.01-3.02; HR 2.27, 95% CI 2.06-2.50; HR 2.06, 95% CI 1.65-2.57), region (South, Northeast, Midwest vs West: HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.33-1.98; HR 2.50, 95% CI 2.06-3.03; HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.11-1.64), chronic respiratory disease (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.12-1.32), cardiac disease (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19), diabetes (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.75-2.10), recent diagnosis of lung cancer (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.14-2.55), severely reduced kidney function (HR 1.92, 95% CI 1.69-2.19), stroke or dementia (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.15-1.36), other neurological diseases (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.59-1.98), organ transplant (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09-1.67), and other immunosuppressive conditions (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01-1.46).

CONCLUSIONS

This is one of the largest national cohort studies in the United States; we identified several patient characteristics associated with COVID-19–related deaths, and the results can serve as the basis for policy making. The study also offered directions for future studies, including the effect of other socioeconomic factors on the increased risk for minority groups.
A Crowdsourcing Open Contest to Design a Latino-Specific COVID-19 Campaign: Mixed Methods Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Shah Harita S , Dolwick Grieb Suzanne , Flores-Miller Alejandra , Phillips Katherine H , Page Kathleen R , Cervantes Ana , Yang Cui
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Latino communities are among the most heavily impacted populations by the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States due to intersectional barriers to care. Crowdsourcing open contests can be an effective means of community engagement but have not been well studied in Latino populations nor in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study are to (1) implement and evaluate a crowdsourcing open contest to solicit a name for a COVID-19 social marketing campaign for Latino populations in Maryland and (2) conduct a thematic analysis of submitted entries to guide campaign messaging.

METHODS

To assess the level of community engagement in this crowdsourcing open contest, we used descriptive statistics to analyze data on entries, votes, and demographic characteristics of participants. The submitted text was analyzed through inductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

We received 74 entries within a 2-week period. The top 10 entries were chosen by community judges and the winner was decided by popular vote. We received 383 votes within 1 week. The most common themes were collective efficacy, self-efficacy, and perceived benefits of COVID-19 testing. We used these themes to directly inform our social marketing intervention and found that advertisements based on these themes became the highest performing.

CONCLUSIONS

Crowdsourcing open contests are an effective means of community engagement and an agile tool for guiding interventions to address COVID-19, including in populations impacted by health care disparities, such as Latino communities. The thematic analysis of contest entries can be a valuable strategy to inform the development of social marketing campaign materials.
Resiliencia económica en Argentina: recuperabilidad y perfiles de especialización de las áreas económicas locales (1996-2015)
Authors: Calá Carla Daniela , Otegui Banno Santiago , Belmartino Andrea
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la capacidad de recuperación del empleo en las principales 85 áreas económicas locales (AEL) de la Argentina y vincularla con el tipo de especialización regional, en los períodos expansivos de 2002-2008 y 2009-2015. Para ello, se utiliza una metodología de carácter descriptivo (pruebade suma de rangos de Kruskal-Wallis) y se emplean datos oficiales del total del empleo asalariado registrado en el sector privado. Los resultados muestran evidencia en favor de la hipótesis planteada: las AEL de mayor recuperabilidad están especializadas en actividades procíclicas, como las extractivas de recursos norenovables y el turismo.
Niveles de Confianza del Exceso de Mortalidad en los Estados Mexicanos en 2020
Authors: Fuentes Flores Noé Aarón , González König Gabriel , Brugués Rodríguez Alejandro , Ramirez Cervantes Alejandra
Published: May 2022

La estimación oficial del exceso de mortalidad  en esta emergencia del SARS-CoV-2 representa un progreso en la cuantificación de personas muertas por causa directa e indirecta del virus. Sin embargo, el hecho de que la estimaciones de  estatales no sean válidas estadísticamente hace que sean directamente inútiles (o no confiables) para propósitos de política de salud y económica. Aquí, probamos la hipótesis nula de si la variación del estatal no es relevante durante la pandemia usando la distribución normal. Los resultados rechazan la hipótesis nula en 14 estados, se acepta en 8 estados y no se concluye en 6 estados.
Identidad empresarial indígena: una interpretación integral desde el enfoque de las capacidades y dimensiones culturales
Authors: Macías Barreto Citlalli , Rojas Alarcón Evelia
Published: May 2022

Los componentes de la identidad empresarial en las organizaciones artesanales indígenas en México, fueron identificados e interpretados mediante la aplicación de 10 entrevistas en profundidad, por muestreo aleatorio por conveniencia y efecto bola de nieve. Desde una perspectiva integral de la teoría de la empresa basada en capacidades y dimensiones culturales, se concluyó que la identidad empresarial resulta de la interrelación entre los componentes: intencionalidad, conductual, paradigma y materialidad. Los resultados llenan un vacío en la teoría de la empresa y de conocimiento de la empresa indígena útiles para mejorar la calidad de las políticas públicas para el fomento artesanal.
Vulnerabilidad e inseguridad alimentaria en Tucumán (Argentina). Un análisis a través de métodos combinados
Authors: Longhi Fernando , Del Castillo Alejandra , Krapovickas Julieta , Garay Ana
Published: May 2022

Se analizó la vulnerabilidad alimentaria en Tucumán (Argentina), donde los problemas alimentarios y nutricionales mostraron sus consecuencias más lamentables en 2002. Desde un enfoque con anclaje territorial se discute este problema y se propuso un indicador, el cual -operando sobre las bases del Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas de 2010- permitió una aproximación con elevada desagregación geográfica de la información. Se detectaron los núcleos más críticos y mediante entrevistas en profundidad se arribó a una mayor comprensión. Los resultados advierten un panorama crítico, con persistencias peligrosas para asegurar niveles óptimos de alimentación, sobre todo en el tramo infantil.
Autistic Spectrum Disorder Tendencies and Social Adjustment in Japanese Female University Students
Authors: Akiyama Kaori , Kato Daiki
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) tendencies and social adjustment in Japanese female university students from the perspective of a sense of Ibasho, particularly a sense of being accepted by others. Following the data collected from 121 female university students, a model based on the study hypothesis was constructed, and the validity was investigated by employing structural equation modeling. The results of the analysis revealed that while ASD tendencies decreased social adjustment directly, a sense of Ibasho buffered the negative causal effects of these tendencies.
Online Grocery Shop
Authors: Kamble Ashish , Bairagdar Maaj , Jadhav Vaibhav , Bhosale D. A
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Online shopping has been known as a rapidly growing business, and although online grocery shopping has not followed these same growth patterns in the past, it is now being recognized for its potential. As such, the focus of previous online shopping research has seldom encompassed this specific retail market, with the existing studies focusing essentially on consumers’ motivations and attitudes, rather than how consumers actually shop for groceries online. Therefore, this dissertation has the objective of uncovering some of the details of consumer decision making processes for this specific online retail market, details which can help further both academic research and managerial knowledge. The general consumer decision making process is characterized by a pre-decisional, a decisional and a post-decisional phase. All of which were addressed in an exploratory fashion, through a mixed methods strategy which combined both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. One of the main results obtained through this study is the complementarity of retail channels - as it was found that online grocery shopping serves essentially for major shopping trips, being complemented with smaller trips to traditional stores. Keywords: Xampp Server- Version 8.0.11 size 671bytes, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP- Version:-7.3.21, MySQL- Version:- 8.0.13, QR Code
Unified Modular Snake Robot
Authors: Kalsi Rinku , Bage Christina , Nisar Tejas , Karkare Aditi , Kashid Rahul
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Every animal on earth has its own distinct feature and is capable of surviving on its own. Throughout history, humans have been inspired by the characteristics of animals to solve mankind's challenges. Reptiles possess various characteristics which can be used to solve societal issues when imparted in the form of a robot. Snakes possess versatile characteristics of surviving in the wild, thus portraying robust body and skin. The term unified suggests a group of modules put together as one. An ‘Unified modular’ snake robot allows different modules of the snake body to be held together, each having their individual characteristics. In this paper, we have mentioned about the physical structure and physical and mechanical aspects of the snake structure. Along with this the circuitry and the methodology of how it can be used for application is described. Keywords: Electronics, Modular Robot, Microcontroller, Communications.
ITSM Using AI Chat-Bot and Data Visualizers
Authors: Pradhan Dr. Madhavi , Bagbande Arun , Khan Amaan , Majid Abdul Aman Abdul , Chandekar Unnati
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Information Technology Service Management is the process to plan, implement, deliver and support the IT services to cater the end-users’ needs. This project aims to study the existing ITSM systems and implement an improved system aided with technologies like chat-bot and data visualization. To resolve IT issues using quality ticket system, we need a robust service management framework based on ITIL framework. The system works in three distinct steps: Reporting, Managing and Resolving an issue. The aim of an ITSM system restore the undisturbed flow of the everyday business process after resolving the ticket. The chatbot caters to the smaller needs of the users without having a need to create a ticket in the ITSM system. Data visualization can help the management team as well as the users to visually keep the track of the tickets. Keywords: Information Technology Service Management, Information Technology Infrastructure Library, Chat-bot, Data Visualization, Natural Language Processing.
Seepage Analysis of Core Section of Jhuj Dam
Authors: Vasoya Kamal , Soni Nayankumar
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Zoned type Earthen dams are the type of Rolled fill Earthen dam because the soil is compacted by mechanical rollers in thin layers of 20-30 cm having central impervious core surrounded by shell as pervious material. These dams made since early days of civilization and constitute to be the most common type, because it is generally built of locally available soils proved to be most economical. The soil used in earthen dam are suspectable to seepage through the body of dam due to their permeability. Due to seepage soil gets reduces its strength and failures of dam may occurs. Past studies on earthen dam failures concluded that about 30% of dam failed due to seepage. An impervious central core is used in zoned type earthen dam to reduce the seepage quantity through the body of the dam and protects against the seepage failure of dam like piping and sloughing. Earthen dams are vulnerable to failures due to seepage that take place in the core since all soils are pervious to some extent. One of the best ways to control seepage problem in earthen dam is by using proper impervious soil for core section which provides the water tightness to flow through it. Thus, this paper analyses the usage of locally available soils with different combinations with central impervious vertical core and to study the seepage discharge by using Darcy law. The results obtained from the study is compared with actual seepage data obtained with existing soil in central core. Keywords: Impervious core, Permeability and Seepage, Smear effects, Phreatic line, Flow net
Design and Construction of RCC Fencing Pole
Authors: Pradhan Manisha , Behera Swagatika , Bagh Sidhant , Tarai Debashree , Mangaraj Abhijit
Published: May 2022

Abstract: Fencing poles are one of the most widespread manmade features on Earth, and they May out stretch roads by an order of magnitude. One of the most durable and Efficient RCC fencing poles is constructed with the help of concrete. Properly made Reinforced concrete pole .The essential requirements for the protection of Poles for general purposes, we conducted impact test on the protection of reinforced Concrete poles by changing the height of the post & it's position to decreases the effect of impact energy. Fences have eluded systematic study for so long for good reasons. Fencing has become more popular architecture in many disciplines, from ecology to computing. Fences are globally everywhere used & they are often discussions of evaluation. For designing a RCC pole one has to consider all the possible loading and see that the Structure is safe against all possible loading condition. Keywords: RCC fencing pole, protection fence, impact energy, everywhere.
Comparative Study of Linear Static and Linear Dynamic Method of Seismic Analysis of RCC Multistoried Building Using ETABS
Authors: Khan Mohammed Mohiuddin , Khan Mohammed Furqan Ali , Karinuddin Khaja Karim , Charan K. Sai
Published: May 2022

Abstract: As the modern buildings have been getting taller and narrower than before, the structural engineers have to perform both static and dynamic analysis for seismic loads that may affect on structures in order to make sure of the safety verifications and the optimal design requirements. Reinforced concrete (RC) building frames are the most common types of constructions in urban India. Throughout their lifetime, these are subjected to various types of forces such as static forces due to dead loads, live loads and dynamic forces due to earthquakes. In the present study, one tall RCC building of 10 stories is assumed to be situated in seismic zone 4 is analyzed using two different methods i.e., Equivalent static method (static) and response spectrum method (dynamic), using ETABS software. From analysis, the parameters like storey displacement, storey drift, base shear and time period and frequency are determined and also comparative study is done for both the methods Keywords: {RCC Buildings, Equivalent static method, response spectrum method, storey displacement, storey drift, Base shear, time period.}
Acadian Exile in the Georgia: Pelagie and Southern Literature
Authors: Kelly Robert A.
Published: May 2022

Acadian Exile in the Georgia: Pelagie and Southern Literature
Late 19th Century Urban Policy and Industrial Capitalism in Central Canada's Cities
Authors: Nicol Heather N.
Published: May 2022

Late 19th Century Urban Policy and IndustrialCapitalism in Central Canada's Cities
Comparing Outcomes: Apprenticeship in Canada, the United States, and Australia
Authors: Madjd-Sadjadi Zagros
Published: May 2022

Comparing Outcomes: Apprenticeship in Canada, theUnited States, and Australia
Information Technology: Canada vs. United States
Authors: Adkins Gerald W.
Published: May 2022

Information Technology: Canada vs. United States
Immured in Cultural Walls: The Difficulties of Language Barriers
Authors: Adkins Taylor
Published: May 2022

Immured in Cultural Walls: The Difficulties of Language Barriers
President and Editor's Message
Authors: Parker Richard D. , Nimijean Richard
Published: May 2022

Messages from the Journal's President, Richard D. Parker, PH.D., and Editor, Richard Nimijean.
United States-Canada Energy Interdependencies
Authors: McKinney Joseph A.
Published: May 2022

The energy industries of the United States and Canada are highly interdependent in a number of ways. The nature and extent of these interdependencies are described by sector in this paper. These energy interdependencies have developed because of economic forces and policy decisions. For many years, both the United States and Canada imposed extensive regulations on their industry industries. As these regulations were gradually removed, market forces brought about significant integration of the two countries' energy industries. In recent years, institutional developments have fostered an even higher level of interdependencies. The United States-Canada free trade agreement, and its successor North American free trade agreement, reduced trade barriers in energy products and provided policy stability conducive to cross-border energy investments. The North American Energy Working Group of NAFTA and the Security and Prosperity Partnership have provided for enhanced cooperation between Canada and the United States on energy matters.
Subnational Sabotage or National Paramountcy? Examining the Dynamics of Subnational Acceptance of International Agreements
Authors: Madjd-Sadjadi Zagros
Published: May 2022

Federal states, such as Canada and the United States, face unique problems in implementing international agreements because they require the acceptance by subnational governments of these treaties even when the negotiations (i) do not involve them and (ii) may be impeding the rights of those subnational governments. Ever since the "watertight compartments" decision of Lord Atkin in the 1937 Labour Standards case, provincial autonomy within its sphere of influence has been a primary foci of Canadian jurisprudence. The primacy of provincial legislatures in the respective realms means that international obligations cannot be forced on them without their consent. On the other hand, both the interstate commerce clause of the US Constitution and the federal power to make treaties has been interpreted broadly to prohibit state interference in US government-signed international treaties. Even non-federal states such as the People's Republic of China have had to deal with this problem given the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau and the SARs' ability to sign international agreements without PRC involvement. This issue even affects sovereign states such as Jamaica when they are part of a common market superstructure, such as the proposed Caribbean Common Market (CARICOM). This paper examines, using examples drawn from Canada, the United States, Hong Kong, and the Caribbean, the influence subnational governments (and sovereign governments that are part of a common market) have on the viability of international agreements and uses game theory to suggest ways to balance the need to avoid subnational sabotage of such agreements without invoking a national paramountcy argument that could destroy a country's federal structure and create irreparable harm to the rights of subnational governments.
Talking to and with Canadians: Citizen Engagement and the Politics of the Romanow Commission
Authors: McIntosh Tom , Forest Pierre-Gerlier
Published: May 2022

The Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada, headed by former Saskatchewan premier, Roy Romanow, was one of the most important reports on Canada's health system in recent years. The authors, both intimately involved in its work, offer a critical self-reflection and analysis of the Commission, providing insight into the relationship between the processes involved in how a Royal Commission operates and the mediation of ideas that inform its work.
The Hanging of Angelique: The Untold Story of Canadian Slavery and the Burning of Old Montreal, by Afua Cooper
Authors: French John
Published: May 2022

Book Review: The Hanging of Angelique: The Untold Story of Canadian Slavery and the Burning of Old Montreal, by Afua Cooper. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2007, 349 pp.
Artists, Society, and Activism: The Federation of Canadian Artists and the Social Organization of Canadian Art
Authors: Nurse Andrew
Published: May 2022

The Federation of Canadian Artists (FCA), established in the wake of the 1941 Kingston Conference, became a central institution through which Canadian artists attempted to reorganize their relationship to society. In particular, members of the FCA built on a series of more long-standing concerns about the problematic relationship between art and society under conditions of modernity. The FCA's goal was to bridge the gap between the arts and life and, as such, it served as a focal point through which the artists debated the character this new relationship should take. Looking first to contribute to Canada's war effort and then post-war reconstruction, the FCA ultimately instituted a series of policies that lead it away from its original objectives even while it maintained a discourse critical of the fractured and alienating nature of modern life and culture.
Securitizing the North in Canada: Observations on Continuity and Transformation: A Reply to Nicol and Heininen's "Networking the North"
Authors: Landriault Mathieu
Published: May 2022

N/A
Québec Questions: Québec Studies for the Twenty-First Century. Edited by Stéphan Gervais, Christopher Kirkey, and Jarrett Rudy. Oxford University Press, 2011.
Authors: Trépanier Anne
Published: May 2022

Book Review: Québec Questions: Québec Studies for the Twenty-First Century. Edited by Stéphan Gervais, Christopher Kirkey, and Jarrett Rudy. Oxford University Press, 2011.
"Who would play with me?"? Childhood Narratives of Racial Identity
Authors: Flynn Karen
Published: May 2022

Organizations such as the Central Citizens Committee, National Unity Association of Dresden, and the Hour-A-Day Study Club have been critical to raising awareness and addressing racial inequality across Canada during the 1940s and 1950s. Yet, the women and men who established these organizations were also parents and guardians' raising children, yet research has seldom addressed the day-to-day existential issues of what it meant to Black children living in racist and hostile environments. This paper examines the racialization of Black children and their own understandings of racial identity growing up in Canada during the twentieth century. I explore the day-to-day experiences of, and responses to, racist practices in spaces and places - such as the school, church, and home. I argue that self-understanding and identification was formed through, and in relation to, larger questions about belonging, race and space, resistance and assimilation, which are intricately connected to how Black people are situated within the Canadian nation.
"I didn't want to be anything special. I just wanted to teach school": A Case Study of Black Female Educators in Colchester, Ontario, 1960
Authors: Aladejebi Funke
Published: May 2022

The story of School SecBon #11 (S.S. #11) stood as a sharp reminder of racial injustice and the black experience in Canada. Located in Essex County, Ontario, the separate school maintained a predominately black student attendance until 1965, when parents and school board members negotiated its eventual closure. As the location of the last racially segregated school in Ontario, Canada, S.S. #11 remained one of the many institutional forms of racial segregation in Canada. This paper endeavors to prove that national policies surrounding multiculturalism and human rights did not eradicate local practices of racial prejudice and discrimination. More importantly, I will argue two main points, first, that African Canadian action in Colchester stood as a microcosm of black activism throughout Canada. The second part of this paper will focus on S.S. #11's black teachers who advocated equal education while holding paradoxical positions of compliance and resistance within the Colchester community. In advancing a case study on Colchester Township, this paper proposes to examine fragmented province-wide educational standards and problematic race relations in Colchester as indicative of lived experiences in various Canadian communities. Ultimately, this research will speak about subtle nuances in the Canadian educational system that tended to remove blacks as Canadian citizens and active historical agents.
Always a Domestic?: The Question of Canadian Redemption and Belonging in Selected Literature by Black Canadian Writers
Authors: Beckford Sharon Morgan
Published: May 2022

Abstract: The narratives of black writers of Caribbean descent living in Canada provide a useful perspective on blacks and belonging in Canada. Their stories elevate the history and legacy of the Domestic Worker Program which from the 1950s brought young black women from the British Caribbean to Canada.1 This program began in an era when Canada's immigration policies severely restricted Caribbean people from migrating to and settling in Canada. These early immigrants were the forerunners of later streams of black immigrants from around the world. In my reading of a selection of fiction by Austin Clarke, Dionne Brand, Cecil Foster, and David Chariandy, I argue that their narratives show that while immigration policies may have changed, the social positioning and inequalities imposed on the domestics still explain the social roles and positioning of blacks in Canada. These writers speculate whether, historically, the narrative of the black female in Canada is always to be imagined as a domestic.
"Lemeh Check See If Meh Mask on Straight": Examining How Black Women of Caribbean Descent in Canada Manage Depression and Construct Womanhood Through Being Strong
Authors: Jackson Fatimah Z. , Naidoo Karen
Published: May 2022

Black experiences in Canada are diverse and made more complex by specific issues brought on by gender and even health. This paper seeks to examine how Black Caribbean descent women in Canada manage depression and construct womanhood through the discourse of "Being Strong." "Being Strong" (Schreiber et al., 2000) assumes that strength is naturally inherited and embedded within the cultural context of Black Caribbean descent women in Canada. The cultural construction of strength may also be derived from the historical role of Black women established during slavery and colonization (hooks 1984; Hill-­‐Collins 2000). We argue that "Being Strong" may also be women's reactions to systemic and institutionalized injustices such as racism, immigration processes, and discrimination that are oftentimes overlooked in multicultural nations such as Canada. This paper examines how some Black Caribbean descent women in Canada enact and accept "Being Strong" through the maintenance of unwavering strength; and it also explores the dangers of adopting and accepting such roles. It also seeks to explore linkages between racism and mental health. Utilizing qualitative research data, this paper will give voice to a largely marginalized group, while also exploring the possibilities for more inclusive mental health services that will adequately address the needs of this group.
U.S. Federal Regulations and Motor Carrier Profitability
Authors: Johnston Ahren
Published: May 2022

This study explores the impact of recent federal regulations, such as Comprehensive Safety Analysis (CSA) 2010, Hours of Service Changes, Environmental Regulations, and electronic logbooks on motor carrier profitability. Quarterly data from 2004–2015 from U.S. publicly traded motor carriers isused to estimate the temporal trends on various financial ratios after controlling for general economic and carrier specific characteristics. Results of the analysis reveal that motor carrier profitability was declining between 2004 and 2009 but has been improving since that time.
An Exploratory Study Of Airline Passenger Technology Use: A Customer Experience Perspective
Authors: Leon Steven
Published: May 2022

Airline passengers have many choices and preferences in the way they interact with airlines. This creates numerous challenges for airlines. This research examines technology preferences by Millennials when interacting with airlines. Seven common airline interaction scenarios were evaluated using repeated measures Analysis of Variance with data collected from an online survey. The results show that Millennial generation airline passengers vary their preferences for technology when interacting with airlines. One intriguing finding of this study is that using mobile devices does not rank high as one of their preferred choices.
A Conceptual and Qualitative Study of Outsourcing Criteria and the Role of Emotions in Decision-Making: The Case of Equine Sports Transportation Outsourcing
Authors: Genchev Stefan E , Gray Gordon T , Wert-Gray Stacia
Published: May 2022

For years, transportation outsourcing was considered a formal transaction-cost economics decision with little or no consideration for additional factors. This limiting perspective provides the stimulus for the current qualitative study, which examines additional factors affecting the transportation decision. For this article, the equine industry is studied in order to gain a better understanding of additional factors that go into decision- making. In-depth interviews with horse owners and trainers in the equine industry revealed that, in addition to a detailed cognitive assessment of transporter capabilities, the outsourcing decision involves a considerable emotional component. These finding could be noteworthy for a number of industries, such as household goods, museums, fine art (paintings, statues, sculptures), antique furniture (including pianos), collectibles of all kinds, and other high involvement luxury items.
Особенности испытаний на трехточечный изгиб для определения межслойного модуля сдвига слоистых композитов
Authors:   Южно-Уральский государственный университет, Аэрокосмический факультет, Челябинск, Гусейнов К. , Сапожников С. Б. , Кудрявцев О. А.
Published: May 2022

Испытания на трехточечный изгиб для определения упругих характеристик слоистых пластиков при сдвиге получили широкое распространение благодаря их простоте. Результаты испытаний демонстрируют значительную чувствительность к степени анизотропии материала. Цель работы – анализ возможностей метода испытаний на трехточечный изгиб для оценки межслойного модуля сдвига композитных материалов с разной степенью анизотропии. Для определения межслойного модуля сдвига использован известный метод, учитывающий вклад сдвигов и локальных деформационных эффектов. Для независимой оценки чувствительности метода и погрешности вычисления упругих характеристик при сдвиге выполнено численное моделирование. Установлено, что межслойный модуль сдвига возможно корректно определить не только на однонаправленных, но и на тканевых углепластиках. Точность определения межслойного модуля сдвига материалов с низкой степенью анизотропии, таких как тканевый стеклопластик, значительно снижается.
Количественная оценка расслоения с помощью вейвлетов Хаара и машинного обучения
Authors:   University of Tartu, Institute of Computer Science, Яануска Л. , Хейн Х.
Published: May 2022

Рассмотрена обратная задача определения местоположения расслоения и его протяженности в композитных однородных балках. Показано, что задача может быть решена с точки зрения изменения собственных частот или формы колебаний, обусловленных расслоением. Расслоения количественно оценено с помощью искусственных нейронных сетей или алгоритма случайных лесов. Методы машинного обучения способны предсказать состояние расслоения на основе параметров собственной частоты или коэффициентов вейвлет-преобразования Хаара, полученных из первой моды. Имитационные исследования показали, что комбинированный подход, использующий собственные частоты, вейвлеты Хаара и алгоритм случайных лесов, обеспечивает точные предсказания. Представленные результаты могут помочь понять поведение более сложных структур при аналогичных условиях.
Влияние модификации углеродных волокон на механические свойства полиамидных композитов для автомобильных применений
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Хассан Е. А. М. , Эль-Абид A. E. A. , Башир E. O. , Элагиб T. Х. Х. ,   State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University,   Key Laboratory of Shanghai City for Lightweight Composites, Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University
Published: May 2022

Разработан эффективный метод улучшения межповерхностного сцепления углеродных волокон (CF) с полиамидной матрицей (PA6) на основе модификации волокон путем введения межфазных слоев из PA6. Углеродные волокна в течение 4 ч активировали в атмосфере азота при 400 °C для удаления аппрета, покрывающего их поверхность, а затем погружали в раствор муравьиной кислоты PA6. Исследовали изменения химического состава, морфологии поверхности и механических свойств модифицированных углеродных волокон и композитов на их основе. В силу сильной водородной связи между активированными углеродными волокнами и матрицей PA6 значения прочности при растяжении, изгибе, ударе и межслойном сдвиге модифицированного композита увеличились на 24,75, 33,25, 38 и 72% соответственно.
Экспериментальный и численный анализ оптимизированных композитных профилей для конструкции самолета
Authors:   Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Падовец З. , Кржена Я. , Седлачек Р. , Замечникова Т. ,   LATECOERE Czech Republic s.r.o.
Published: May 2022

Представлены результаты анализа методом конечных элементов и испытаний двух оптимизированных композитных профилей, предназначенных для конструкций самолетов. T- и Y-Образные профили изготовлены одностадийной технологией термоформования из композита на основе ткани углеродных волокон и полифениленсульфидной матрицы. Такие профили обычно нагружают в направлении вытягивания. Анализ методом конечных элементов выполнен с целью подтверждения способности данных профилей выдерживать заданную предельную нагрузку без повреждений. Статические и усталостные испытания обоих профилей позволили определить пределы прочности конструкции и подтвердили результаты конечно-элементного моделирования.
Влияние нанотрубок галлуазита на микрорастрескивание матрицы в эпоксидных углепластиках
Authors:   Structural Composite Group (CET), Materials Science and Technology Research Institute (INTEMA) –Technical and Scientific National Research Council (CONICET) and National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Чуррука М. Дж. , Моран Дж. И. , Родригес Э. С.
Published: May 2022

Микрорастрескивание матрицы – основной фактор, ответственный за проницаемость газа в сосудах высокого давления без лейнеров и резервуарах для его хранения. Изучено введение разного массового содержания галлуазитных нанотрубок (ГНТ) с целью повышения сопротивления микрорастрескиванию. При введении в эпоксидную матрицу 5% по массе ГНТ наблюдали увеличение напряжения начала растрескивания на 50%. Более того, при аналогичном уровне плотности микротрещин наблюдали увеличение на 60% по сравнению с чистой эпоксидной смолой. Реактивный разбавитель использовали в качестве альтернативы для поддержания вязкости, подходящей для процесса намотки волокном, и компенсации повышения вязкости за счет введения ГНТ. Хотя вязкость разрушения матрицы возрастала при введении ГНТ до 10% по массе, увеличение стойкости к микрорастрескиванию наблюдали при введении не более 5% по массе ГНТ. В результате сделан вывод о том, что на микрорастрескивание может влиять не только вязкость разрушения матрицы, но и остаточные термические напряжения.
Stability and Shelf-Life of Plasma Bubbling Treated Cow Milk
Authors: Dash Samarpita , Jaganmohan R.
Published: May 2022

The demand of consumers for naturality of food with minimal processing was forced to the scientists for the discovery of non-thermal plasma which is a new technology for the preservation and decontamination of food products. The present study was conducted for the scrutinization of microbial and physicochemical characteristics of plasma bubbled raw cow milk and an extensive comparison was observed for boiled raw cow milk, commercially (pasteurised and UHT) milk. Further, storage study (shelf-life) was done for the plasma bubbled raw cow milk and compared with raw cow milk sample (control). The bubbling of plasma was generated at a voltage of 200V, the flow rate of air 10 litres/hour (L/h) and applied to fresh cow milk for 5, 10, and 15 minutes (min) of time with a volume of 100 mL of the sample operated at room temperature. A declined in microbial cell was observed for coliform and yeast at 200V, 10L/h, 15 min time interval. The pH value of 15 min plasma bubble treated sample was increased significantly to 6.85. While, a slight decrease in value was noticed in total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acid (TA) after exposure to plasma bubbling. Further, a nondetrimental effect was observed for the nutrient content of plasma bubbling of milk. The result indicates that plasma bubbling at generated at 200V, 10L/h,100mL,15 min treatment enhances the milk quality. However, plasma bubbling: based on indirect dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) may use as a successful decontamination technology without affecting the physicochemical properties which could have a future perspective on industrial food applications.
Association of Pro Protein Convertase Subtilisin / Kexin 9, Apo B and HbA1c in Coronary Artery Disease with and without Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: P K Deepa , G S R Kedari , C R1 Resmi
Published: May 2022

Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a soluble protein synthesized as a zymogen that influences plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Understanding the association is very essential to develop adequate treatment strategies. Hence,the present study aims to explore the relationship between plasma levels of PCSK9, Apo B, and HbA1C in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with Diabetes Mellitus. All patients had no history of using lipid-lowering medication. Of these 62patients (40 male and 22 female, age group 30 -70 years), all had angiographically diagnosed CAD.25 are CAD with DM, and 37 are CAD without DM. Plasma PCSK9 and Apo B were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HbA1 c Levels are measured by using the HPLC method. In this work, we compared plasma PCSK9 and Apo B in CAD with DM and CAD without DM with the help of the HbA1c value. Both plasma levels of PCSK9 (0.040 (<0.050) and 0.036 (<0.05)) and Apo B (0.021 (< 0.05) and [(0.425 (> 0.05)] HbA1C were significantly higher in patients with CAD and DM as compared with those with CAD without DM. In Group with CAD without DM there is no elevation of HbA1C but PCSK 9 and Apo B are significantly elevated. PCSK 9 and Apo B are independent markers of CAD. Correlation analysis showed plasma level of PCSK9 was significantly correlated (P<0.05) with that of Apo B in both patients with CAD and without DM. However, multivariate regression analysis after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia showed that only in CAD patients with diabetes mellitus, there was a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between plasma levels of PCSK9 and HbA1C.
Anti Diabetic Activity of Methanolic and Chloroform Extracts of Solanum seaforthianum In Alloxan Induced Diabetes Rats
Authors: Gupta Atyam V S S S , Rama Rao Nadendla
Published: May 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome characterized by elevated glucose levels, polyurea, polydipsia and weakness due to insufficient entry of available glucose into the cells of the body. There are many allopathic drugs available to manage diabetes such as Sulfonylureas, biguanides, gliptins etc., but associated with hypoglycemia, sweating, dizziness, confusion, hunger, weight gain on long term usage and tolerance will be developed which are further treated using multiple drugs. According to our ancient system of medicine there are many medicinal plants available to treat diabetes with the same potency of allopathic drugs. Natural products are considered to be an effective alternative for the treatment and management of diabetes, because of higher efficacy which initiated the present study of anti diabetic activity of Solanum seaforthianum in an alloxan induced diabetes male albino rat. Diabetes was successfully induced with the help of alloxan at a dose of 120 mg/kg body weight and the animals which are possessing the glucose levels more than 250 mg/dL included in the study. Diabetic induced rats were treated with methanolic and chloroform extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg/kg body weight) of Solanum seaforthianum for 10 days. The collected blood samples on 1st, 4th, 7th, and 10th day were used to determine serum biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, urea, creatinine and total protein. Results: The treatment with extracts of Solanum seaforthianum significantly reduced the elevated blood glucose levels and reversed other altered parameters of Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, Urea, Creatinine and Total Protein. Among the two extracts of Solanum seaforthianum chloroform extract has shown comparatively significant (p<0.001) anti diabetic activity in alloxan induced diabetes in albino rats.

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Changes in Growth Parameter and Essential Oil Composition of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) Fruits in Response to Various Biofertilizers
Authors: Jeet Kamal , Baldi Ashish
Published: May 2022

Unorganized natural nutrient cycle and depleted soil health may prove major limitation on the growth and development of medicinal plants and therefore quality and final yield of the cultivation. Therefore, studies concerned with the restoration of normal fertility to the soil and make it rich with certain nutrients are of the fundamental interest for medicinal plants. Herein, the present study was designed to investigate the multifaceted beneficial effects of (a) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) (b) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) and (c) Mycorrhiza (Sebacina vermifera) on plant growth and seed essential oil composition of ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi). In this context, ajwain fruits were treated with selected biofertilizers to analyze the emergence pattern and to evaluate comprehensive growth and essential oil composition. About 25 days old seedlings were treated with selected biofertilizers. The results showed that all treatments had a good effect on seed emergence, though Sebacina vermifera assisted growth and essential oil production were much higher than other treatments. Concerning the composition, 13 compounds were identified using gas-chromatography. Major altered components were thymol, p-cymene and ϒ-terpinene. It is worthy to mention that each treatment proved to increase thymol only. The enhanced synthesis of thymol is supported by the speculation that biofertilizers may trigger an early or late step expression in biosynthetic pathway that leads higher production of thymol. As a conclusion, biofertilizers can alter the comprehensive growth including essential oil composition of ajwain, and also the chemical composition of ajwain was found to be strongly altered. Along with the study, Sebacina vermifera based biofertilizer indicated immense potentials to be utilize as multifaceted beneficial alternate for sustainable agronomical and medicinal plants productions.
Principio de precaución y análisis de riesgo regulatorio: dos fuerzas sociales encontradas y ejemplificadas en el caso de las nanotecnologías
Authors: Foladori Guillermo
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo analizó la regulación de las nanotecnologías en el contexto de los productos y procesos químicos. El propósito fue identificar las fuerzas histórico-económicas que han impulsado los dos principales enfoques de regulación de las substancias químicas. El procedimiento metodológico consistió en un análisis histórico y de contenido de lo que culminó jurídicamente como los dos principales instrumentos de regulación: el análisis de riesgo regulatorio y el principio de precaución. Las fuerzas histórico-económicas son, por un lado, las fuerzas del mercado, que se expresan en la política del análisis de riesgo regulatorio en lo que respecta a riesgos, salud y sustentabilidad, y que tienden a incentivar el desarrollo mercantil y buscar individualizar las relaciones técnicas y los potenciales efectos de procesos, tecnologías y productos. Por el otro están las fuerzas de la vida, aquellas que privilegian la protección de la salud de las personas y de los ecosistemas, y que se expresan en la política del principio de precaución. Aunque a primera vista no parecieran ser enfoques contradictorios, por tener diferentes alcances intrínsecos, tanto temporales y espaciales como sociales, en la práctica dichos enfoques y los conceptos y metodologías que impulsan representan fuerzas sociales eventualmente enfrentadas. Se ejemplifican ambas tendencias en el caso de las nanotecnologías. El análisis muestra, como resultado, que la expresión jurídica de aquellas fuerzas representa intereses de diferente origen: en un caso aquellas que privilegian al mercado; en el otro, de aquellas que privilegian la defensa de la vida y la salud.