bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention of mode coupling by external applied resonant magnetic perturbation on the J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: He Ying , Wang Nengchao , Li Da , Ding Yonghua , Zhou Song , Mao Feiyue , Ren Zhengkang , Zha Xianqian , Zhao Chuanxu , Li Yangbo , Hu Bo , Wang Jiaming , Bala Abba Alhaji , Hou Zhangrong , Jiang Zhonghe , Yang Zhoujun , Chen Zhipeng , Chen Zhongyong , Pan Yuan
Published: May 2023

Toroidal coupling between m/n = 2/1 and m/n = 3/1 modes frequently occurs in the J-TEXT, where m (n) is the poloidal (toroidal) mode number. These coupled modes destabilize each other, leading to confinement degradation and even triggering a major disruption. This paper presents two control strategies for preventing the mode coupling through the application of a proper static resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) field. Experimental results demonstrate that moderate 2/1 RMP can suppress the small, rotating 2/1 mode thus prevent coupling between the 2/1 and 3/1 modes. The 3/1 static RMP can excite a large 3/1 locked island while leave the small 2/1 mode rotating at 8 kHz. Enlarging the frequency difference between 2/1 and 3/1 modes makes mode coupling more difficult. Both strategies can break the frequency coupling condition between the 2/1 and 3/1 modes, and hence avoid coupling and mutual destabilizing.
MICROSCOPE’s view at gravitation
Authors: Bergé Joel
Published: May 2023

The weak equivalence principle (WEP) is the cornerstone of general relativity (GR). Testing it is thus a natural way to confront GR to experiments, which has been pursued for four centuries with increasing precision. MICROSCOPE is a space mission designed to test the WEP with a precision of 1 in 1015 parts, two orders of magnitude better than previous experimental constraints. After completing its two-year mission, from 2016 to 2018, MICROSCOPE delivered unprecedented precise constraints

η
(

T
i
,
P
t

)
=
[
−
1.5
±
2.3
 

(
s
t
a
t
)

±
1.5
 

(
s
y
s
t
)

]
×

10

−
15

(at 1σ in statistical errors) on the Eötvös parameter between one proof mass made of titanium and another made of platinum. This bound allowed for improved constraints on alternative theories of gravitation. This review discusses the science beyond MICROSCOPE—GR and its alternatives, with an emphasis on scalar–tensor theories—before presenting the experimental concept and apparatus. The mission’s science returns are then discussed before future tests of the WEP are introduced.
Interpreting the Hi 21-cm cosmology maps through Largest Cluster Statistics. Part I. Impact of the synthetic SKA1-Low observations
Authors: Dasgupta Saswata , Pal Samit Kumar , Bag Satadru , Dutta Sohini , Majumdar Suman , Datta Abhirup , Pathak Aadarsh , Kamran Mohd , Mondal Rajesh , Sarkar Prakash
Published: May 2023

We analyse the evolution of the largest ionized region using the topological and
morphological evolution of the redshifted 21-cm signal coming from the neutral hydrogen
distribution during the different stages of reionization. For this analysis, we use the “Largest
Cluster Statistics” — LCS. We mainly study the impact of the array synthesized beam on the LCS
analysis of the 21-cm signal considering the upcoming low-frequency Square Kilometer Array (SKA1-Low) observations using a realistic simulation for such observation based on the
21cmE2E-pipeline using OSKAR. We find that bias in LCS estimation is introduced in synthetic
observations due to the array beam. This in turn shifts the apparent percolation transition point
towards the later stages of reionization. The biased estimates of LCS, occurring due to the effect
of the lower resolution (lack of longer baselines) and the telescope synthesized beam will lead to
a biased interpretation of the reionization history. This is important to note while interpreting
any future 21-cm signal images from upcoming or future telescopes like the SKA, HERA, etc. We
conclude that one may need denser uv-coverage at longer baselines for a better deconvolution of
the array synthesized beam from the 21-cm images and a relatively unbiased estimate of LCS from
such images.
Dual-HR-FBG based single-frequency fiber laser at 1030 nm
Authors: Sun Bo , Ma Li , Ren Li , Zhang Xueqiang , Bai Jintao
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate a single-frequency fiber laser operating at 1030 nm with a distributed Bragg reflector cavity consisting of two high-reflectivity fiber Bragg gratings (HR-FBGs). By proper thermal adjustment, the gain bandwidth of the fiber laser is significantly compressed through the spectral overlap near the edges of the reflection band of two HR-FBGs, and the single-longitudinal-mode lasing is achieved. The effective cavity length of the fiber laser with the proposed cavity configuration is calculated, and its variation with the temperature difference between two HR-FBGs is also verified through the observation of the relaxation oscillation frequency shift. The measured laser linewidth is about 4.45 kHz at a temperature difference of 48.2 °C. The single-frequency output power of 14.4 mW is achieved at a pump power of 540 mW.
Excitation of toroidally localized harmonics of global Alfvén eigenmodes
Authors: Fredrickson E.D.
Published: May 2023

The spherical tokamak NSTX and the upgraded, higher toroidal field, NSTX-U, routinely create plasmas with large un-thermalized populations of super-Alfvénic fast ions. This population of non-thermal energetic ions excites a broad spectrum of Alfvénic waves, from the lower frequency (≈30 kHz–≈200 kHz) toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (Cheng and Chance 1986 Phys. Fluids 29 3695), to the higher frequency (400 kHz–3 MHz) global Alfvén eigenmodes (GAEs) and compressional Alfvén eigenmodes (Goedbloed 1975 Phys. Fluids 18 1258). In this paper we present evidence that the GAE non-linearly excite modes, presumably GAE, at frequencies consistent with non-linear or 3-wave coupling. The observation of the excitation of 2nd harmonic GAE through the intrinsic non-linearity of Global Alfvén modes demonstrates that the non-linear terms can act as an exciter-antenna inside the plasma, broadcasting at harmonics of the mode frequency and with concomitantly shorter wavelengths. As with experiments using external antenna to excite otherwise weakly stable Alfvénic modes, this data can provide information about the stability of modes at harmonics of the GAE. It may also provide information on the nature of the non-linearities in the wave dispersion equation or a direct measure of the mode amplitude (Smith et al 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 042504). We also report that the short wavelength 2nd harmonic GAE can be strongly toroidally localized. The observation that the shorter wavelength (n ≈ 20) 2nd harmonic modes can be toroidally localized potentially has implications for the impact of fast-ion driven instabilities on fast-ion confinement in ITER and future fusion reactors (Gorelenkov et al 2014 Nucl. Fusion 54 125001).
Development of polarized neutron techniques at the China Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: Tian Long , Huang Chuyi , Dong Yuchen , Salman Ahmed , Zhang Junpei , Qin Zecong , Ye Fan , Kreuzpaintner Wolfgang , Wang Tianhao , Tong Xin
Published: May 2023

In this article, the ongoing development progress of the polarized neutron technique developments at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is presented. The general goal of establishing polarized neutron capability in parallel to CSNS beamline construction is also explained. The key instrument development projects of developing the Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP) 3He systems, polarized neutron devices, and their application on neutron beamlines are demonstrated. Performance parameters of the developed techniques are also discussed.
in-situ
3He neutron spin filters at JCNS, status and updates
Authors: Babcock E. , Salhi Z. , Feoktystov A. , Bannenberg L.J. , Parnell S.R. , Alba Venero D. , Hutanu V , Thoma H. , Xu J. , Pistel P. , Damean J. , Ioffe A. , Mattauch S.
Published: May 2023

The JCNS has been developing and using in-situ polarized neutron spin filters for many applications. The system used for analysis on MARIA and polarization for TOPAS were completed about 10 years ago with the MARIA system in standard operation for users and the TOPAS system employed for a long measurement on the POLI instrument. In the meantime we are progressing on several new in-situ polarizers based on these first two but with additional innovations. The KWS-1 analyzer device which was recently used in tests at TU Delft and ISIS is essentially a 50%-sized copy of the MARIA device. The two devices in construction for polarization and analysis on POLI for hot neutrons feature magic-boxes with angled plates on both the entrance and exit sides to minimize overal length and the polarizer device will employ an additional passive magnetic shield of soft iron so that it can operate inside the stray field area of a 8-T vertical (compensated) sample magnet. We will summarize the current status of our 3He neutron spin filters and provide extra focus on the technical aspects and measured performance characteristics of the new devices for KWS-1 and POLI in particular.
Impact of land tenure on deforestation control and forest restoration in Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: Camara Gilberto , Simoes Rolf , Ruivo Heloisa M , Andrade Pedro R , Soterroni Aline C , Ramos Fernando M , Ramos Rafael G , Scarabello Marluce , Almeida Claudio , Sanches Ieda , Maurano Luis , Coutinho Alexandre , Esquerdo Julio , Antunes João , Venturieri Adriano , Adami Marcos
Published: May 2023

This study examines how land tenure constrains Brazil’s ability to meet its deforestation control and forest restoration goals in its Amazonia biome. Our findings are based on an updated assessment of land tenure and land use in the region. Between 2019 and 2021, 44% of deforestation in Amazonia occurred in private lands, while forest removal in settlements ranged from 31% to 27% of the total. Deforestation in undesignated public lands increased from 11% in 2008 to 18% in 2021. Deforestation is highly concentrated, with 1% of properties accounting for 82.5% of forest cuts in 2021. In Amazonia, there is considerable non-compliance with the legal reserve provisions set by Brazil’s Forest Code. Legal reserve deficits in private lands sum up to 18.17 Mha (million hectares), compared with 12.49 Mha of legal reserve surpluses. Even if all forest surpluses are offered in the forest credits market set in the Forest Code, farmers still need to restore 5.67 Mha to comply with the law. Large-scale cattle ranchers have a legal reserve deficit of 10.35 Mha (34% of their area). Most crop farming occurs in medium and large properties (4.63 Mha) with a large proportion of legal reserve deficits (45%). Given the political power and financial resources of large ranchers and crop producers, Brazil faces major challenges in inducing these farmers to meet their legal obligations. Therefore, Brazil needs to combine robust command-and-control strategies with market-based policies to achieve its deforestation and forest restoration goals. The government should tailor forest protection and restoration policies to the needs of different landowners, considering their land use practices, technical capacity, and financial resources.
Understanding Consumer perception towards the usage of natural gas as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Piped Natural Gas (PNG)
Authors: Paul Dipen , Sharma Rashi
Published: May 2023

Natural gas is one of the cleanest and most environment-friendly fuels compared to all other alternative fuels. It can potentially be the next-generation fuel in India, but there is still limited use of natural gas. The paper aims to understand consumer perception and identify the main driving factors influencing consumers to use natural gas as a fuel source. A survey was conducted to understand consumers’ perceptions, and a sample size of 105 individuals was tested for various hypotheses. Most of the responses from the individuals are from Delhi, followed by Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. The data collected was analyzed by IBM SPSS software through factor analysis followed by regression. The result showed that implementing policies is one of the highest influential factors in accelerating the use of natural gas. Further, it was analyzed that affordability, infrastructure, environmental benefits, and performance of natural gas are the factors on which policies should be focused to increase the use of natural gas as Compressed natural gas (CNG) and Piped natural gas (PNG).
Performance of hydraulic oils and its additives in fluid power system: A review
Authors: Pabsetti Pranav , Murty R S V N , Bhoje Jai , Mathew Simon , Harivenkatesh  , Rahul K , Feroskhan M
Published: May 2023

The main objective of this paper is to analyze various hydraulic oils and the effect of additives like nanomaterials in order to increase lubricity, counter friction, reduce wear, etc. A detailed list of additives is focused in this review which will enhance the performance and working of the hydraulic fluid by enhancing lubrication, modifying viscosity and cleaning engine deposits. Mineral oils or Synthetic hydrocarbon blends are used to derive lubricants. Although they lack properties of their own to fulfill the requirements set by the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). By using nanomaterials in mineral oils various advantages can be obtained. Various nanomaterials such as metal chalcogenides, soft metals, carbon-based materials, etc. are available which via mechanisms such as the rolling effect, protective film effect, etc., can change the various properties of hydraulic oils as required. Similarly, additives are added to hydraulic oils like viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents which will improve the properties of the hydraulic oil by eliminating negative properties and improving the life of the fluid. These additives play a crucial role in sustainability of hydraulic oils and their size can be optimized to get better tribological characteristics. The increasing usage of these high performance additives in the country is projected to register a compound annual growth rate (CARG) of more than 1.5% during the forecast period (2021-2026). The review focusses on the improved performance of these nanomaterials and additives when added to the Hydraulic Fluid and will serve as a reference for future developments in the application of additives and nanotechnology in hydraulic oils.
Influence of swelling on the safety aspects of electric vehicle batteries – Short Review
Authors: Kalaikkanal K , Gobinath N , Mohan R
Published: May 2023

In transportation sector, electric vehicles (EV) are found to offer more attentions due to its efficiency, pollution free, less maintenance over the conventional fuel-burnt vehicles. In EVs the cost, performance, and safety are all associated to its batteries. Among various types of batteries, lithium-ion battery (LIB) is predominantly used in EVs for its large energy density, long lifespan however safety of LIB is the daunting part. To overcome the catastrophic fault conditions of batteries different safety measures are employed in EVs. One of the accurate and viable methods to predict battery fault is observed to be the battery swelling effect. In the present work, various aspects of swelling effect on battery components for their safety measurements are discussed referring the very recent studies published in the literature. The key aspects of the work include physical and chemical properties; gas formation in battery under fault conditions; protective switch in order to improve and predict LIB safety.
Thermal Management of automobile batteries using Hybrid Cooling - A review
Authors: Vaidianathan Praveen , Shyamkumar M.B.
Published: May 2023

Batteries are one of the most important components in terms of running an electric vehicle. These batteries generate heat during their charging and discharging process. The performance of such batteries strongly depends on its operating temperature and thus cooling is very much essential for maintaining the battery temperature range between the lower value of 15° C and the higher value of 35° C. When the batteries are in zero charge, due to charging the batteries dissipate more heat due to which batteries can be overheated or even can explode. To keep the battery in an optimum working condition, it needs a proper system to operate it in a nominal temperature range. In this regard, the battery thermal management is very much required for improving the battery performance, their reliability, and thereby increasing the range of the vehicle. This thermal management is employed not only during the vehicle’s running conditions, but also during the charging of the battery. This review paper begins with the discussion on the different types of batteries employed in an electric vehicle, importance of cooling such batteries, different types of cooling and finally giving emphasis to hybrid cooling. Older researchers studied the PCM cooling and its advantages and disadvantages, but there is very little research related to hybrid cooling. So this article also emphasizes that the future research in employing Phase change materials for battery cooling must concentrate on their enhancement of thermal conductivity, thermal stability and inflammable properties.
GIS-based Valuation of Ecosystem Services in the Lower Delta Plain of West Bengal with Special Reference to Indian Sundarbans
Authors: Mitra S , Roy Chowdhury R , Saha A , Mukherjee K , Bhadra T
Published: May 2023

The Indian Sundarbans partly hosts the world’s largest mangrove forest and support the livelihood of almost five million people. The Holocene delta of Indian Sundarbans was formed by the river Ganges. The decay of the distributaries of the river Ganges in deltaic West Bengal began with the eastward avulsion of the river Ganges. The rivers of Sundarbans now stand disconnected from their sources and therefore do not get a significant amount of freshwater from upstreams. The people of Sundarbans depend on the services of the Sundarbans ecosystem which is directly linked to the upstream freshwater flow, rainfall and groundwater. The scarcity of freshwater during dry seasons, high salinity of surface water and soil, siltation and drainage congestion are major constraints on livelihood security in this area. The biodiversity of Sundarbans is also threatened by water stress. To ensure the sustainable conservation of the rich biodiversity and well-being of the people of Sundarbans, improving ecosystem services in the region is extremely essential. From this perspective, the present study aims to identify major flow-dependent ecosystem services in the region and estimate the value of those ecosystem services using geoinformatics. The land use land cover (LULC) maps have been prepared for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 from Landsat images for the valuation of major ecosystem services. Accuracy assessment has been performed using high-resolution satellite images and field data. Change detection analysis has been done to understand the changing land use pattern in the study area. The LULC-based valuation of the ecosystem services has been carried out for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. The area under each LULC class has been multiplied by the global Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) of that class to calculate the total ESV of the specific LULC class. The study reveals that the ESVs are the highest for freshwater bodies including rivers, and estuaries followed by forests. With the decreasing upstream freshwater flow and deteriorating mangrove health, the services of flow-dependent ecosystems have changed drastically.
Use of “Local Climate Zones” for Detecting Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India
Authors: Bhowmick D , Mukherjee K , Dash P , Mondal R
Published: May 2023

The land surface temperature (LST) increases both spatially and in magnitude as a result of rapid urbanization at the expense of the low radiative surface. This process modifies the urban climate which is attributable to a phenomenon recognized as the Urban Heat Island (UHI). By estimating LST, satellite remote sensing offers a cost-effective and time-saving methodology for spatio-temporal analyses of UHI. The limitation, however, is that urban and rural are becoming outmoded conceptions in landscape classification as a consequence of the high population density, particularly in countries like India. In densely populated regions, the countryside and the cities are no longer differentiated by a clear urban-rural divide. Thus, the traditional study of UHI can be enhanced by the adaptation of the newly developed “Local Climate Zones” (LCZ) characterization scheme based on building types and land cover characteristics. This LCZ mapping is an excellent method for categorizing urban areas associated with the most perceptible change in climate in urban areas, namely UHI. This paper aims to identify the LCZs dynamics over a decade from 2010 to 2020 in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA), the largest urban agglomeration in eastern India. The LCZ classification scheme has divided the landscapes into 17 conventional classes, 10 built-up classes, and 7 land cover classes that affect air temperature at a screen height of 1-2 meters above the ground. Each LCZ is distinguishable from another by its thermal property. Each of the classes will help to understand the nature of the local climates. It has thus become comparatively simple to estimate Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) with the help of the LCZ scheme. The paper explains the typical features of each LCZ of KMA and accomplishes a discussion on the efficiency of mapping UHII from LCZ classes.
Disparities in exposure and accessibility to health: A Spatial Assessment of Covid 19 Pandemic Situation of South Bengal
Authors: Chatterjee S
Published: May 2023

Inequality and disparities of health is prevalent in a developing nation like India. The emergence of the Novel Corona virus has further aggravated this existing problem. The major issue that has been observed in dealing with the pandemic situation is the lack of facilities for testing and inadequate health infrastructure to support the huge population of this nation. This infrastructural deficiency has evidently become severe as we move away from the city areas. In this study, we have tried to assess this rural-urban disparity of health infrastructure in the settings of the COVID 19 pandemic situation. The study has been conducted to measure rural-urban disparities of eight districts i.e. Howrah, Hooghly, Kolkata, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas concerning risk factors and access to health care infrastructure. To achieve the desired objectives, we have used a multidisciplinary technique incorporating statistical, GIS techniques, composite index with several aspects e.g., geographical coverage and sufficiency of COVID care and testing facilities (CCF, CTF), economic status of people, medical costs, and susceptibility to covid risk factors i.e., number of infected populations, and population density. A significant correlation between access to CCF and CTF and the proportion of urban inhabitants has been found, i.e., urban populations mostly enjoy better access to treatment and testing with dense CTFs and CCFs over space. The density and serviceability of care facilities over rural regions decrease with less urbanized areas. Urban areas are found to be at higher risk in terms of the number of active cases, population density. The study helps us to geo visualize the current COVID scenario of South Bengal in terms of regional disparities. This will help us identify the nearest testing and care facilities to any location within the study area and will be useful in mitigating infrastructural lacuna.
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Environmental Criticality: Planned Versus Unplanned Urbanization
Authors: Mallik R , Dikkila Bhutia K , Roy S , Nandi M , Dash P , Mukherjee K
Published: May 2023

The economic boom in the Indian cities is causing rapid urban growth, mostly in an unplanned fashion. The growth of urban built-up is primarily taking place by replacing vegetation and other low radiative surfaces, increasing the magnitude and spatial extent of heat concentrations. The resulting phenomenal increase in temperature, known as Urban Heat Island (UHI), raises environmental criticality. Satellite remote sensing provides a breakthrough for monitoring the spatiotemporal variations of UHI by estimating Land Surface Temperature (LST) and surface biophysical parameters. The objective of this work is to compare the changing pattern of LST that resulted from urban growth and associated biophysical characteristics in a planned city (Kalyani city) and an unplanned city (Barasat city) in West Bengal, India from 2005 to 2019. Using Landsat data, the study retrieved summer LST along with the prepared vegetation index (NDVI) and built-up index (NDBI) for the years 2005 and 2019. The Environmental Criticality Index (ECI) was calculated for the periods from LST, NDVI, and NDBI datasets. The long-term (1988-2019) LST has been derived using the cloud computation technique to analyze the trend. Over the years, though the average LST of Kalyani is relatively high from Barasat, a rapid increase in LST is noticed for Barasat city. Between 2005 – 2019, the rapid unplanned growth in Barasat city has not only increased the LST but also raised the concern for environmental criticality as compared to Kalyani City. The correlation of LST with NDVI and NDBI suggests that urban heating is significantly controlled by the surface characteristics that need to modify through proper planning for urban sustainability. This study may assist planners, administrators, and researchers in decision-making.
Remark on the Farey fraction spin chain
Authors: Technau Marc
Published: May 2023

Kleban and Özlük [Comm. Math. Phys. 203 (1999), pp. 635–647] introduced a ‘Farey fraction spin chain’ and made a conjecture regarding its asymptotic number of states with given energy, the latter being given (up to some normalisation) by the number

Φ
(
N
)

\Phi (N)

of

2

×

2

2{\times }2

matrices arising as products of

(

1

a
m
p
;
0

1

a
m
p
;
1

)

\bigl (\begin {smallmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 \end {smallmatrix}\bigr )

and

(

1

a
m
p
;
1

0

a
m
p
;
1

)

\bigl (\begin {smallmatrix} 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 \end {smallmatrix}\bigr )

whose trace equals

N
N

. Although their conjecture was disproved by Peter [J. Number Theory 90 (2001), pp. 265–280], quite precise results are known on average by works of Kallies–Özlük–Peter–Snyder [Comm. Math. Phys. 203 (1999), pp. 635–647], Boca [J. Reine Angew. Math. 606 (2007), pp. 149–165] and Ustinov [Mat. Sb. 204 (2013), pp. 143–160].

We show that the problem of estimating

Φ
(
N
)

\Phi (N)

can be reduced to a problem on divisors of quadratic polynomials which was already solved by Hooley [Math. Z. 69 (1958), pp. 211–227] in a special case and, quite recently, in full generality by Bykovskiĭ and Ustinov [Dokl. Math. 99 (2019), pp. 195–200]. This produces an unconditional estimate for

Φ
(
N
)

\Phi (N)

, which hitherto was only (implicitly) known, conditionally on the availability on wide zero-free regions for certain Dirichlet

L
L

-functions, by the work of Kallies–Özlük–Peter–Snyder.
Volume growth of 3-manifolds with scalar curvature lower bounds
Authors: Chodosh Otis , Li Chao , Stryker Douglas
Published: May 2023

We give a new proof of a recent result of Munteanu–Wang relating scalar curvature to volume growth on a

3
3

-manifold with non-negative Ricci curvature. Our proof relies on the theory of

μ
\mu

-bubbles introduced by Gromov [Geom. Funct. Anal. 28 (2018), pp. 645–726] as well as the almost splitting theorem due to Cheeger–Colding [Ann. of Math. (2) 144 (1996), pp. 189–237].
Sign changes of coefficients of half-integral weight Hecke eigenforms
Authors: Xu Chenran
Published: May 2023

Let

f

\mathfrak {f}

be a cusp form of half-weight

k
+
1

/

2

k+1/2

and at most quadratic nebentype character whose Fourier coefficients are denoted as

a

f

(
n
)

\mathfrak {a}_\mathfrak {f}(n)

. We study sign changes of the family

{

a

f

(
t

p
2

)

}

p
∈

P

\{\mathfrak {a}_\mathfrak {f}(tp^2)\}_{p\in \mathbb {P}}

where

t
t

is a square-free number and

p
p

runs through the prime numbers. By taking use of the relationship between the cusp form

f

\mathfrak {f}

of half-integral weight and the Shimura lift

f
t

f_t

, we establish that under certain conditions, the Hecke eigenforms of half-integral weight could be determined by sign changes of the sequence

{

a

f

(
t

p
2

)

}

p
∈

P

\{\mathfrak {a}_\mathfrak {f}(tp^2)\}_{p\in \mathbb {P}}

.
Lannér diagrams and combinatorial properties of compact hyperbolic Coxeter polytopes
Authors: Alexandrov Stepan
Published: May 2023

In this paper we study×0\times _0-products of Lannér diagrams. We prove that every×0\times _0-product of at least four Lannér diagrams with at least one diagram of order≥3\geq 3is superhyperbolic. As a corollary, we obtain that known classifications exhaust all compact hyperbolic Coxeter polytopes that are combinatorially equivalent to products of simplices.

We also consider compact hyperbolic Coxeter polytopes whose every Lannér subdiagram has order22. The second result of this paper slightly improves recent Burcroff’s upper bound on the dimension of such polytopes to1212.
The nature and extent of outdoor alcohol marketing in Wellington, New Zealand: a longitudinal audit and spatio-temporal analysis of outdoor alcohol marketing
Authors: Chambers Tim , Royds Timothy , Jones Amanda C
Published: May 2023

Aim

exposure to alcohol marketing is associated with increased consumption. We aimed to (i) measure the nature and extent of outdoor alcohol marketing within a high-density urban neighbourhood and (ii) examine temporal and spatial trends in alcohol marketing.

Methods

this study used a longitudinal design to monitor paid advertising in public spaces over two 10-week periods in Wellington, New Zealand (Nov-Jan 2020–2021, Nov-Jan 2021–2022). The data were collected on-foot following an established route once a week using a phone camera, which also recorded gps data of ad locations. Temporal and spatial trends in alcohol ad prevalence were assessed.

Results

over the study period, 13% (n = 1619) of all ads (n = 12,472) were for alcohol. Alcohol ads were predominately for spirits (29%), ready-to-drink (27%) and beer (23%). Almost half of all alcohol ads (49%) did not contain a responsible consumption message, while those with a message were de-emphasized relative to promotional features. A temporal trend was observed in 2020, whereby alcohol marketing decreased over the summer, but this trend was not reflected in 2021. Alcohol ads were more likely than non-alcohol ads to be placed in premium positions on roads of high pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic.

Conclusion

alcohol marketing is common in urban centres. Local and central government policy could substantially reduce the levels of alcohol marketing exposure via outdoor marketing.
Context Synthesis Accelerates Vocabulary Learning Through Reading: The Implication of Distributional Semantic Theory on Second Language Vocabulary Research
Authors: Wang-Kildegaard Bowen , Ji Feng
Published: May 2023

Besides explicit inference of word meanings, associating words with diverse contexts may be a key mechanism underlying vocabulary learning through reading. Drawing from distributional semantic theory, we developed a text modification method called reflash to facilitate both word-context association and explicit inference. Using a set of left and right arrows, learners can jump to a target word’s previous or subsequent occurrences in digital books to synthesize clues across contexts. Participants read stories with target words modified by reflash-only, gloss-only, gloss + reflash, or unmodified. Learning outcomes were measured via Vocabulary Knowledge Scale and a researcher-developed interview to probe word-context association. We modeled the learning trajectories of words across five weeks among three adolescent L2 English learners (113 word-learner pairings) using Bayesian multilevel models. We found that reflash-only words made more gains than words in other conditions on both outcomes, controlling for key covariates such as types of existing knowledge. Our analysis also revealed that context synthesis may be particularly useful for learning specific types of words like homonyms, which has significant pedagogical implications.
Be-1DCNN: a neural network model for chromatin loop prediction based on bagging ensemble learning
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhou Bing , Zhou Haoru , Zhang Pengyu , Wang Meili
Published: May 2023

The chromatin loops in the three-dimensional (3D) structure of chromosomes are essential for the regulation of gene expression. Despite the fact that high-throughput chromatin capture techniques can identify the 3D structure of chromosomes, chromatin loop detection utilizing biological experiments is arduous and time-consuming. Therefore, a computational method is required to detect chromatin loops. Deep neural networks can form complex representations of Hi-C data and provide the possibility of processing biological datasets. Therefore, we propose a bagging ensemble one-dimensional convolutional neural network (Be-1DCNN) to detect chromatin loops from genome-wide Hi-C maps. First, to obtain accurate and reliable chromatin loops in genome-wide contact maps, the bagging ensemble learning method is utilized to synthesize the prediction results of multiple 1DCNN models. Second, each 1DCNN model consists of three 1D convolutional layers for extracting high-dimensional features from input samples and one dense layer for producing the prediction results. Finally, the prediction results of Be-1DCNN are compared to those of the existing models. The experimental results indicate that Be-1DCNN predicts high-quality chromatin loops and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods using the same evaluation metrics. The source code of Be-1DCNN is available for free at https://github.com/HaoWuLab-Bioinformatics/Be1DCNN.
Buried dermal interrupted or vertical mattress suture: which is the best for dermal layer suturing of surgical skin wounds?
Authors: Patra Suman , Paramal Karat Thoyiib , Kaur Maninder
Published: May 2023

Dermatosurgery being a field involving personal approaches in dealing with various problems has wide differences in choice of suture, suturing methods while closing a wound in different groups. It is therefore important to know pros and cons of various suturing techniques for one of the most important suture for wound closure i.e subcuticular dermal sutures.
Learning to work in certain ways: bureaucratic literacies and community-based volunteering in the Philippines
Authors: Millora Chris
Published: May 2023

Concerns have emerged of how the professionalization agenda in the development sector may water down the ‘spirit of volunteerism’ that thrives on community initiative, informality, and flexibility. This paper explores the role of literacy and learning practices in the bureaucratization of community development drawing from an ethnography of local volunteering in the Philippines. Through literacy practices such as preparing community health classes, making budget plans, and writing to government institutions, volunteers were inducted into ‘bureaucratic’ ways of working that, at times, clashed with their expectations and practices of volunteering that were founded on community building, solidarity, and agency. While volunteering could be seen as a means for community participation in development, findings in this paper signal that the formalization and bureaucratization of grassroots volunteer groups may shift the intended community dynamics and volunteers’ expectations, practices, and identities.
Vaccination Status and Trends in Adult Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Hospitalizations by Race and Ethnicity: March 2020–August 2022
Authors: Ko Jean Y , Pham Huong , Anglin Onika , Chai Shua J , Alden Nisha B , Meek James , Anderson Evan J , Weigel Andy , Kohrman Alexander , Lynfield Ruth , Rudin Dominic , Barney Grant , Bennett Nancy M , Billing Laurie M , Sutton Melissa , Talbot H Keipp , Swain Ashley , Havers Fiona P , Taylor Christopher A ,   COVID-NET Surveillance Team, Kirley Pam Daily , Kawasaki Breanna , Yousey-Hindes Kimberly , Openo Kyle P , Henderson Justin , Bye Erica , Nkouaga Florent , Spina Nancy , Bushey Sophrena , Shiltz Eli , Abdullah Nasreen , Schaffner William , Price Andrea
Published: May 2023

Background

We sought to determine whether race/ethnicity disparities in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes persist in the era of vaccination.

Methods

Population-based age-adjusted monthly rate ratios (RRs) of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19–associated hospitalizations were calculated among adult patients from the COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network, March 2020 - August 2022 by race/ethnicity. Among randomly sampled patients July 2021 - August 2022, RRs for hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital mortality were calculated for Hispanic, Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN), and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) persons vs White persons.

Results

Based on data from 353 807 patients, hospitalization rates were higher among Hispanic, Black, and AI/AN vs White persons March 2020 - August 2022, yet the magnitude declined over time (for Hispanic persons, RR = 6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.5–7.1 in June 2020 vs RR < 2.0 after July 2021; for AI/AN persons, RR = 8.4; 95% CI, 8.2–8.7 in May 2020 vs RR < 2.0 after March 2022; and for Black persons RR = 5.3; 95% CI, 4.6–4.9 in July 2020 vs RR < 2.0 after February 2022; all P ≤ .001). Among 8706 sampled patients July 2021 - August 2022, hospitalization and ICU admission RRs were higher for Hispanic, Black, and AI/AN patients (range for both, 1.4–2.4) and lower for API (range for both, 0.6–0.9) vs White patients. All other race and ethnicity groups had higher in-hospital mortality rates vs White persons (RR range, 1.4–2.9).

Conclusions

Race/ethnicity disparities in COVID-19–associated hospitalizations declined but persist in the era of vaccination. Developing strategies to ensure equitable access to vaccination and treatment remains important.
Incidence of arrhythmias post acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) in the modern era
Authors: Chung I
Published: May 2023

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Background

Current data on arrhythmic risks after acute ST-elevation MI in the modern era of early revascularization in the Asian population are limited.

Objective

To investigate the incidence of arrhythmias after acute ST elevation MI in a contemporary cohort of Chinese patients in the era of early revascularization and secondary prevention treatment.

Method

394 patients admitted with ST elevation MI who under emergency revascularization to our hopsital from 01/01/2018 to 31/12/2019, 88 % male, mean age of men and women 68.07 ± 13.13 and 58.66 ± 12.42 respectively, diabetes mellitus 40%, hypertension 72%, hyperlipidaemia 78%, previous ischaemic heart disease or stroke 10%, smoker 65%, mean follow up of 577 ± 118 days. Pain to needle time (onset of chest pain to primary angioplasty) 4.88 ± 4.60 hours. 130 patients had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%, mean LVEF 29.74 ± 5.95 % improved to 39.85 ± 10.13% (p<0.001) after 6 months.

Results

12 deaths, 8 non- arrhythmic cause, 1 cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation and 3 of unknown causes. Risk of arrhythmic death/death of unknown cause and atrial fibrillation (AF) is 0.64% vs 2.4% per year respectively. 14 patients developed atrial fibrillation, 11 and 3 in men and women respectively (p=0.433). 7 AF occurred at day 1, 5 at day 2 and 2 at day 3 post MI.

Conclusion

The arrhythmic risks after acute myocardial infarction in the modern era of early revascularization in the Asian population is lower than previously reported. AF is the commonest arrhythmia post ST elevation MI and 86% occurred within 48 hours may be due to ischaemia and inflammation. Women presented 10 years later than men and there is no significant difference in the incidence of AF.
Clinical profile and prognosis of patients with de-novo atrial fibrillation in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Fernandez Valenzuela I , Montero Parrilla M , Izquierdo Bajo A , Arroyo Monino D F , Garcia Rubira J C , Hidalgo Urbano R
Published: May 2023

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic cardiomyopathy share common risk factors. The aim of the study was to analyse clinical profile and mortality of patients presenting new-diagnosed AF in the context of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods

Retrospective, observational study of patients presenting with ACS in Acute Coronary Care Unit (ACCU) between 2011-2022. Baseline, demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes were studied.

Results

3161 patients with ACS were admitted to the ACCU during this period, of whom 5.1% presented de-novo AF. The remaining percentage were patients without AF (86.8%) or with previously known AF (8.1%). 73.7% were male and 52.8% of the ACS presented with ST elevation. Baseline characteristics in both groups are shown in Table 1. Most frequent culprit vessel was the anterior descending artery in both groups, followed by right coronary artery. Severe bleeding was significantly more frequent in patients with de-novo AF (25.4% vs 9%, p<0.01). On univariate analysis, in-hospital all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the de-novo AF group (17.3% vs 5.8%, p<0.01), as well as in patients with previously known AF (10.9% p<0.01), compared to those without AF. In the multivariate analysis of all-cause mortality (Table 2) after adjusting for baseline characteristics, de-novo AF did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

De-novo AF is a relatively uncommon complication in ACS, identifying a high-risk profile patient with higher in-hospital mortality.
Assessment of predictors of anthracycline-induced heart failure
Authors: Garcia Bellon A M , Gonzalez Gonzalez A M , Sanchez Sanchez C , Claros Ruiz J A , Vivancos Delgado R , Urbano Carrillo C
Published: May 2023

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction and objectives

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a growing clinical problem, which is increasing and has acquire more importance in recent years.

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of anthracycline-induce cardiomyotoxicity in patients with Non-Hodkin´s Lymphoma (NHL), quantified by serial measurements of biomarkers (highly sensitive troponin I and Nt-proBNP) and echocardiophic imaging: 2D left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and myocardial deformation, assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS).

Material and methods

Observational, prospective study. We included 50 patients diagnosed with NHL between January 2018-January 2020, with a mean follow-up of 30.2 months. Patients were treated with liposomal doxorubicin and had no history of previous known heart disease. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the association between biomarkers, imaging parameters and time to development of cardiomyotoxicity.

Results

The cumulative incidence of cardiomyotoxicity was 6.3% at 6 months, 10.8% at 1 year, and 16% at 2 years. The median time to development of cardiomyotoxicity was 7.1 months. Both troponin, Nt-proBNP and GLS levels were independently associated with increased risk of cardiomyotoxicity (p < 0.05). Regarding troponin levels, they were found to be elevated in 23.2% of the patients. Elevation in troponin analysis was associated with an increased risk of left ventricular dysfunction (odds ratio OR 10.2). Patients with Nt-proBNP > 680 pg/ml had a 4.1-fold increased risk of presenting cardiomyotoxicity. GLS with a value of -16.1% showed 80% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity for the diagnosis of cardiomyotoxicity.

Conclusions

Chemotherapy with Doxorubicin is associated with an increased risk of cardiomyotoxicity. IN our study, significant variations in baseline troponin levels, NT-proBNP, and GLS were powerful predictors of its development. These parameters could identify groups of patients with different risk of cardiotoxicity, in whom cardiological evaluation and personalized follow-up should be offered.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor in all spectrum of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: David B J , Buot B C J , Valencia A E , Gaspar D C , Catahay J A , Castro R
Published: May 2023

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction

Serum-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor is the cornerstone treatment in heart failure. Recommendations regarding SGLT-2 inhibitors in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have already been proven effective. However, its benefit in the other spectrum of heart failure is not yet established.

Methods

A comprehensive and relevant search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted examining the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure. Outcome measures for cardiovascular death, hospitalization due to heart failure and all cause mortality were extracted and analyzed using a random effects model via Review Manager V5.4.

Results

Nine (9) studies were included in the meta-analysis with 71, 258 subjects analyzed. There were lower rates of cardiovascular death (RR 0.83 [95%CI: 0.78-0.88], I2 = 0, p<0.00001), hospitalization due to heart failure (RR 0.70 [95%CI: 0.66-0.75], I2 = 0, p<0.00001), and all cause mortality (RR 0.92 [95%CI: 0.87-0.97], I2 = 0, p=0.002) which were statistically significant.

Conclusion

SGLT-2 inhibitor showed a significant reduction in cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization and all cause mortality among patients with heart failure regardless of systolic function. This suggests that initiation of SLGT-2 inhibitor in heart failure is a good treatment strategy and may be beneficial across all spectrum of heart failure.
Predictors of sudden cardiac death in long-term follow-up in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Savic L , Mrdovic I G O R , Asanin M I L I K A , Lasica R A T K O , Krljanac G , Rajic D , Simic D A M J A N , Kastel B
Published: May 2023

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Background

Despite timely and successful reperfusion tretment with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), some patients have a high risk of mortality and SCD.

Aim

The aim of our study was to analyze the incidence of SCD and determine the predictors of SCD occurrence during 6-year follow-up of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), treated with primary PCI.

Method

we analysed 3114 consecutive STEMI patients. Patients presenting with cardiogenic schock were excluded. Echocardiographic examination was performed before hospital discharge and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was calculated using bi-plane method. The follow-up period was 6 years.

Results

During 6-year follow-up, lethal outcome was registered in a total of 297 (9.5%) patients, of whom 95 (31.9%) had SCD. The highest incidence of SCD was recorded in the first year of follow-up, when SCD was registered in 25 patients, which is 26.3% of the total number of patients who had had SCD, i.e., 0.8% of the patients analyzed (Figure 1). The independent predictors for the occurrence of SCD during 6-year follow-up were EF<45% (HR 3.07, 95% 1.87-5.02), post-procedural TIMI flow <3 (HR 2.59, 95%CI 1.37-5.14), reduced baseline kidney function (HR 1.87, 95%CI 1.12-2.93) and Killip class >1 at admission (HR 1.69, 95%CI 1.23-2.97).

Conclusion

There is a low incidence of SCD in unselected STEMI patients treated with primary PCI. The independent predictors of SCD during long-term follow-up, in the patients analyzed, are: EF ≤ 45%, post-procedural flow TIMI < 3, Killip class > 1, and reduced baseline kidney function.