bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flower power and the mustard bomb: Comparative analysis of gene and genome duplications in glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway evolution in Cleomaceae and Brassicaceae
Authors: van den Bergh Erik , Hofberger Johannes A. , Schranz M. Eric
Published: June 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Glucosinolates (GS) are a class of plant secondary metabolites that provide defense against herbivores and may play an important role in pollinator attraction. Through coevolution with plant‐interacting organisms, glucosinolates have diversified into a variety of chemotypes through gene sub‐ and neofunctionalization. Polyploidy has been of major importance in the evolutionary history of these gene families and the development of chemically separate GS types. Here we study the effects of polyploidy in Tarenaya hassleriana (Cleomaceae) on the genes underlying GS biosynthesis.

METHODS:

We established putative orthologs of all gene families involved in GS biosynthesis through sequence comparison and their duplication method through calculation of synonymous substitution ratios, phylogenetic gene trees, and synteny comparison. We drew expression data from previously published work of the identified genes and compared expression in several tissues.

KEY RESULTS:

We show that the majority of gene family expansion in T. hassleriana has taken place through the retention of polyploid duplicates, together with tandem and transpositional duplicates. We also show that the large majority (>75%) is actively expressed either globally or in specific tissues. We show that MAM and CYP83 gene families, which are crucial to GS diversification in Brassicaceae, are also recruited into specific tissue expression pathways in Cleomaceae.

CONCLUSIONS:

Many GS genes have expanded through polyploidy, gene transposition duplication, and tandem duplication in Cleomaceae. Duplicate retention through these mechanisms is similar to A. thaliana, but based on the expression of GS genes, Cleomaceae‐specific diversification of GS genes has taken place.
INTEGRATION OF PARTICLE-GAS SYSTEMS WITH STIFF MUTUAL DRAG INTERACTION
Authors: Yang(楊朝欽) Chao-Chin , Johansen Anders
Published: June 2016

Numerical simulation of numerous mm/cm-sized particles embedded in a gaseous disk has become an important tool in the study of planet formation and in understanding the dust distribution in observed protoplanetary disks. However, the mutual drag force between the gas and the particles can become so stiff—particularly because of small particles and/or strong local solid concentration—that an explicit integration of this system is computationally formidable. In this work, we consider the integration of the mutual drag force in a system of Eulerian gas and Lagrangian solid particles. Despite the entanglement between the gas and the particles under the particle-mesh construct, we are able to devise a numerical algorithm that effectively decomposes the globally coupled system of equations for the mutual drag force, and makes it possible to integrate this system on a cell-by-cell basis, which considerably reduces the computational task required. We use an analytical solution for the temporal evolution of each cell to relieve the time-step constraint posed by the mutual drag force, as well as to achieve the highest degree of accuracy. To validate our algorithm, we use an extensive suite of benchmarks with known solutions in one, two, and three dimensions, including the linear growth and the nonlinear saturation of the streaming instability. We demonstrate numerical convergence and satisfactory consistency in all cases. Our algorithm can, for example, be applied to model the evolution of the streaming instability with mm/cm-sized pebbles at high mass loading, which has important consequences for the formation scenarios of planetesimals.
Actualité des psychothérapies de groupe à l’adolescence
Authors: Chapelier Jean-Bernard
Published: June 2016

Face à la profusion des types de groupes thérapeutiques utilisés avec les adolescents, l’approche psychanalytique des groupes nécessite une réflexion sur le cadre-dispositif mis en place. Au - delà de la finalité thérapeutique, il est montré que les groupes sont un champ de recherche précieux.
Transfert phobosocial et psychodrame à l’adolescence
Authors: Melato Christine
Published: June 2016

À partir de l’analyse d’une séance de psychodrame avec des adolescents en attaque et fuite du lien intersubjectif, nous avons déterminé que la problématique de l’intrusion est transférée topologiquement et temporellement sur et dans le dispositif, selon les modalités du transfert phobosocial.
Travail du préconscient à l’adolescence
Authors: Assous Adèle
Published: June 2016

Cet article est une invitation à la lecture du livre de M. Benyamin, Le travail du préconscient à l’épreuve de l’adolescence. Nous en présentons les axes majeurs de réflexion qui apportent au clinicien un éclairage très original et captivant sur le préconscient, mais aussi sur la psychosomatique et la psychanalyse de l’adolescence.
Les prescriptions sexuelles dans le Catéchisme de l’Église catholique aujourd’hui
Authors: Bazantay Christian
Published: June 2016

Le Catéchisme de l’Église catholique affirme que le sexe n’est pas tabou. Il exprime ne pas avoir « de prévention » ni chercher à « culpabiliser les consciences » et annonce le défi de la chasteté. Et si, aujourd’hui, peu de catholiques ont lu ou savent ce que cet ouvrage contient, beaucoup d’entre eux souhaitent que la sexualité dans la vie du couple soit ré-abordée en tenant compte des évolutions de notre société. La sexualité ne représente, en volume, qu’une petite partie du CEC, mais néanmoins très explicite.
Circoncire
Authors: Cohen Solal Henri
Published: June 2016

La circoncision est un rituel très répandu dans l’humanité, soit pour des raisons religieuses, culturelles ou hygiéniques. Elle concerne plus de 2 milliards d’hommes. Le judaïsme lui accorde une place symbolique profonde qui interpelle la bisexualité, la toute puissance, la différence des sexes, la nomination, la castration et la relation père fils. Freud qui rapporte son analyse du petit Hans en 1909, conseillait à son père Max Graf de le circoncire à sa naissance. Quel sens lui accordait-il ? « Ne le privez pas de cette énergie vitale » affirmait-il à son père. Freud associe circoncision et antisémitisme, pourquoi ?
Idéalisation et besoin de croire
Authors: Ikiz Tevfika
Published: June 2016

La psychanalyste non seulement s’intéresse aux douleurs de ses patients, elle tente aussi de comprendre les faits sociologiques tels que décrits dans cet article. L’auteur décrit le système de croyance de la Turquie et montre comment la pensée islamique se manifeste sur les communautés religieuses. Ce terrain est difficile car les questions sur les communautés religieuses entraînent forcément des interrogations et des points de vue différents. Les problèmes concernant les communautés religieuses ont commencé en grande partie à partir du XV e siècle dans l’Empire ottoman. En partageant des désirs et des valeurs communs autour d’une même croyance, il est possible de s’éloigner des valeurs individuelles et des références. La croyance est un voyage intérieur et concerne l’expérience alors que les sectes sont considérées par les disciples comme un contenant et à la base, il y a une fusion avec le contenant. La religion unit les croyants et leur procure une sensation « océanique », ainsi l’être atteint l’infini c’est-à-dire l’immortalité. Le sentiment de plénitude et d’unité, devenir l’identique et être en fusion avec l’objet. D. Ribas définit cela comme une identification primaire où le sujet et l’objet ne peuvent se séparer l’un de l’autre avec ce sentiment de vouloir vivre ensemble dans cet univers. Dans cet article l’auteur décrit « le Nakchibendi » qui est l’une des sectes les plus répandues et qui a laissé de fortes influences sur la culture turque. Dans une structure traditionnelle, pour des personnes qui se livrent et qui s’abandonnent à un autre dont elles respectent la connaissance, ce genre de communauté explique qu’il y a encore des gens que nous protégerons de la douleur qu’entraîne l’individuation, qu’il y a encore une résistance d’individuation, de personnalisation. En suivant cette idée, on se demande comment les sociétés islamiques assimileront le modernisme car les sectes proposent de tout recommencer, de créer une nouvelle génération, un nouveau débat dépouillé de toutes négations.
Folie pubertaire et sexualité diabolique dans les débuts de la psychanalyse
Authors: Houssier Florian , Christaki Angélique
Published: June 2016

Dans cet article, nous repartons de la période des premiers textes de Freud pour montrer comment certaines vignettes cliniques ouvrent sur l’articulation entre sexualité adolescente et symbolique religieuse en rapport avec une symptomatologie névrotique, le plus souvent sur un versant hystérique ; ces jeunes patients, peu connus ou retravaillés dans la littérature psychanalytique, montrent comment la pulsionnalité effractive de l’adolescence a des effets cliniques divers, notamment dans l’intensification du surmoi et les symptômes à caractère hallucinatoires qui en dérivent. Notre démarche, en indiquant comment Freud tente de dédiaboliser la sexualité hystérique concernant nombre de jeunes gens, ouvre un débat autour des débuts de la psychanalyse. Cela nous amène à poser l’hypothèse selon laquelle certains troubles de l’adolescence, en passant par les traductions dans le champ symbolique du religieux, ont constitué un facteur décisif dans la découverte de la psychanalyse.
Restauration de la connectivité écologique : proposition méthodologique pour une localisation optimisée des passages à faune
Authors: Girardet Xavier , Foltête Jean-Christophe , Clauzel Céline , Vuidel Gilles
Published: June 2016

Le développement des grandes infrastructures de transport contribue à la fragmentation du paysage et impacte directement la connectivité à l’échelle régionale. En conséquence, la recherche de nouvelles méthodes destinées à atténuer l’impact des infrastructures existantes ou en projet est devenue une préoccupation majeure pour la préservation de la biodiversité. Parmi les méthodes existantes, celles fondées sur la théorie des graphes offrent des perspectives intéressantes pour l’aménagement et la gestion paysagère. Le protocole proposé, basé sur la modélisation du réseau écologique d’une espèce, ou d’un groupe d’espèce, fournit un cadre méthodologique d’aide à la décision pour atténuer l’effet barrière des infrastructures linéaires de transport. Les résultats obtenus permettent de guider les aménageurs dans la recherche d’un meilleur compromis entre contraintes écologiques (atteindre un gain maximal de connectivité) et contraintes économiques (limiter le nombre de passages).
Évaluer les services rendus par les dépendances vertes des infrastructures linéaires de transport : une démarche exploratoire
Authors: Labarraque Dorothée
Published: June 2016

Les dépendances vertes des infrastructures linéaires de transport, par les processus écologiques qui s’y exercent, peuvent rendre des services à la société humaine. Quels sont-ils ? Peut-on, et y a-t-il un intérêt à faire varier, en nombre et/ou en quantité, ces services ? L’article, sur la base d’un cas concret, propose une évaluation préliminaire des services produits par les habitats naturels des dépendances de l’infrastructure. Pour une infrastructure de transport routier et ferroviaire, seuls les services dits de régulation sont susceptibles d’être présents. L’étude montre qu’il existe bien une variabilité spatiale de ces services au sein des dépendances vertes. Celle-ci est fortement dépendante de l’occupation du sol et dans une moindre mesure, de l’environnement adjacent. L’article met cependant en exergue le besoin de recherche pour évaluer quantitativement les services produits à une échelle locale. L’article explore ensuite les facteurs qui pourraient faire varier la production des services. Ils peuvent être de l’ordre des pratiques de gestion et d’entretien, mais aussi de l’aménagement paysager. Il en ressort que de nouvelles compétences pourraient être développées pour une conception paysagère des services écosystémiques. L’approche anthropocentrique des services écosystémiques permet également d’envisager que les maîtres d’ouvrage puissent s’appuyer sur des actions favorisant certains services pour une écoconception de leur infrastructure, une meilleure acceptabilité du projet voire une optimisation économique de leur aménagement.
Analysis and Reduction of Errors in an Automated Robot-Based Repair Process Chain
Authors: Schwienbacher Christoph , Domaschke Tomas , Otto Marc Andre , Kötter Tobias , Schüppstuhl Thorsten
Published: June 2016

Even though modern industrial robots have good repeatabilities, their positioning accuracies are still relatively poor. Moreover, in a complex process chain, involving several handling systems and diverse interdependent tasks, error propagation can make matters worse. In order to achieve the overall desired quality level, intelligent and highly adaptive methods are required to reduce individual errors and remove accuracy couplings as much as possible. This is especially true in high-risk applications, as found in the aviation MRO industry. Because of the difficulty to replicate existing manual MRO accuracy levels, automation in this area is still relatively scarce. For instance the inspection and repair of airplane combustion chamber liners are as yet performed fully manually. In this paper an automated version of the entire liner repair chain is introduced: from robot-guided white light interferometer inspection in a first cell, to part and data transfer to a second robot cell through to the automated repair steps. Particular consideration is given to individual error sources, such as robot and sensor inaccuracies, calibration deviations and the transfer of data between robot cells, as well as error propagation and prevention.
Application of Customizable Robot Assistance Systems to Compensate Age-Related Restrictions of the Musculoskeletal System for Assembly Workplaces
Authors: Stankiewicz Lukas , Thomas Carsten , Deuse Jochen , Kuhlenkötter Bernd
Published: June 2016

Due to the demographic change, hybrid work systems increasingly gain importance. Especially, robot based assistance systems show potential to respond individually to employee’s performance parameters. Existing technologies offer possibilities to capture individual performance parameters which can be transferred into a digital environment. Identified impairments, e.g. of the musculoskeletal system, can be used to design an individual work environment with human-robot collaboration that fits the employee’s needs to guarantee a low risk of physical harm due to work related strain. Following the employee’s capabilities, the simulation reveals stressful activities that can be transferred to the robot. Thus, the work system offers the opportunity to individually respond to the employee and the given tasks by creating a work situation that suits the employee’s preconditions. This paper presents an approach for capturing individual physical performance parameters in form of movement restrictions by a motion capturing system without markers and the transmission of the motion data into a digital human model. It will be shown how the simulation can be used to design a needs-based work place by integration of a robot based assistance system.
Matige huldiging vir gevierde skrywer
Authors: Botha Frederick J.
Published: June 2016

No abstract available
Sirkels op ’n oorbekende werf
Authors: Anker Willem
Published: June 2016

No abstract available
The relationship between personality types and leisure time activities amongst Casino employees’ workplace expectations
Authors: Naude Rosa , Kruger Stefan , De Beer Leon T. , Saayman Melville , Jonker Cara
Published: June 2016

Orientation: Associations between a person’s character strengths, happiness and well-being can be explained with the overlap that they have with personality. Casino employees’ working hours were and are increasing, which means that their leisure time is decreasing concomitantly, with only 20 hours per week being used in pursuit of leisure activities.Research purpose: The primary purpose of this research was to investigate 1502 casino employees’ personality types and the relationship it has on their leisure life and overall happiness.Motivation for the study: The importance of leisure participation and time to take part in leisure activities, and the effect it has on casino employees’ happiness in the workplace, warrants further investigation. If human resources managers and general management want happier casino employees in the workplace, they should focus on their personality types and make more leisure activities available to them; which will result in a happier workforce.Research design, approach and method: The target population consisted of 3032 casino employees, who received the questionnaires and were given the opportunity to complete the questionnaires anonymously. An availability sampling technique was used, based on the number of casino employees who were willing and available to complete the questionnaires.Main findings and practical/managerial implications: In terms of the structural equation modelling, it was found that the positive personalities such as extraversion and openness to experience correlated well with leisure life and happiness. In this study, the standardised regression weights showed that if an individual has a negative personality, he or she will not necessarily be unhappy. A positive relationship was found between positive personality traits such as cooperativeness and agreeableness and leisure life and happiness. Considering mediation effects, leisure preference was the greatest partial mediator between happiness and personalities.Contribution: Human resource managers of casino establishments can use these results to determine the type of personality of casino employees that will experience a good leisure life and happiness in relation to the workplace, contributing to positive psychology and human resource literature. Keywords: Casino employees; employee benefits; feelings toward the company; happiness; human resource management
Effect of cantilever length on stress distribution around implants in mandibular overdentures supported by two and three implants
Authors: Ebadian Behnaz , Mosharraf Ramin , Khodaeian Niloufar
Published: June 2016

Objective: There is no definitive study comparing stress distribution around two versus three implants in implant-retained overdentures with different cantilever length. The purpose of this finite element study was to evaluate stress pattern around the implants of the 2 or 3 implant-supported mandibular overdenture with different cantilevered length. Materials and Methods: The models used in this study were 2 and 3 implant-supported overdenture with bar and clip attachment system on an edentulous mandibular arch. Each model was modified according to cantilever length (0 mm, 7 mm, and 13 mm); thus, 6 models were obtained. The vertical load of 15 and 30 pounds were applied unilaterally to the first molar and 15 pounds to the first premolar, and the stress in bone was analyzed. Results: With increasing cantilever length, no similar stress pattern changes were observed in different areas, but in most instances, an increase in cantilever length did not increase the stress around the implant adjacent to cantilever. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that increasing of cantilever length in mandibular overdentures retained by 2–3 implants did not cause distinct increasing in stress, especially around the implant adjacent to cantilever, it may be helpful to use cantilever in cases of mandibular overdenture supported by splinted implants with insufficient retention and stability. Based on the findings of this study, optimal cantilever length in mandibular overdenture cannot be determined.
The maxillary molar endodontic access opening: A microscope-based approach
Authors: Mamoun John Sami
Published: June 2016

This article reviews the basic clinical techniques of performing a maxillary molar endodontic access opening, starting from the initial access opening into the pulp chamber, to the point where a size #10 file has been advanced to the apices of all three or four (or more) canals. The article explains how the use of the dental surgical operating microscope or microscope-level loupes magnification of ×6–8 or greater, combined with head-mounted or coaxial illumination, improve the ability of a dentist to identify microscopic root canal orifices, which facilitates the efficient creation of conservative access openings with adequate straight-line access in maxillary molars. Magnified photos illustrate various microscopic anatomical structures or landmarks of the initial access opening. Techniques are explored for implementing an access opening for teeth with vital versus necrotic pulpal tissues. The article also explores the use of piezoelectric or ultrasonic instruments for revealing root canal orifices and for removing pulp stones or calcified pulpal tissue inside the pulp chamber.
Comparative in vitro study of the effectiveness of Green tea extract and common storage media on periodontal ligament fibroblast viability
Authors: Adeli Fahimeh , Zabihi Ebrahim , Abedian Zeinab , Gharekhani Samane , Pouramir Mahdi , Khafri Soraya , Ghasempour Maryam
Published: June 2016

Objective: Green tea extract (GTE) was shown to be effective in preserving periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) of avulsed teeth. This study aimed at determining the potential of GTE in preserving the viability of PDLFs comparing with different storage media. Materials and Methods: Periodontal ligament cells were obtained from freshly extracted healthy impacted third molars and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Cell viability was determined by storing the cells in seven media; DMEM, tap water, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), whole milk, hypotonic sucrose solution, GTE, and GTE + sucrose for 1, 2, 4, and 24 h at 37°C using tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests. Results: GTE showed significantly higher protective effect than HBSS at 2, 4, and 24 h (P = 0.009, P = 0.02, P = 0.016), DMED at 2 h (P = 0.003), and milk at 4 h (P = 0.039). Conclusion: Although with undesirable osmolality and pH, GTE had a good ability in preserving the PDLFs comparing with other studied media.
Аналитическая аппроксимация плавающих рент для малой волатильности и малой выплаты
Authors: Ben Zineb Tarik , Gobet Emmanuel
Published: June 2016

В данной работе обсуждаются задачи асимптотической аппроксимации в рамках актуарной тематики. Предложен метод точных аппроксимаций размеров плавающей ренты для гарантированной минимальнойкомпенсационнойвыплаты (GMWB) в составной модели (модель Блэка-Шоулса плюс модель Халла-Уайта). С помощью этого метода получены точные достаточно простые явные формулы, которые почти мгновенно вычисляются на компьютере и в рамках наших экспериментов дают точность около $0.01%$. Оценки ошибок подтверждают сходимость наших аппроксимаций в случае, когда размеры выплаты и волатильности малы.
Clinical Decision Support for a Multicenter Trial of Pediatric Head Trauma
Authors: Swietlik Marguerite , Deakyne Sara , Hoffman Jeffrey , Grundmeier Robert , Paterno Marilyn , Rocha Beatriz , Schaeffer Molly , Pabbathi Deepika , Alessandrini Evaline , Ballard Dustin , Goldberg Howard , Kuppermann Nathan , Dayan Peter , Tham Eric ,   for the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: June 2016

For children who present to emergency departments (EDs) due to blunt head trauma, ED clinicians must decide who requires computed tomography (CT) scanning to evaluate for traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) derived and validated two age-based prediction rules to identify children at very low risk of clinically-important traumatic brain injuries (ciTBIs) who do not typically require CT scans. In this case report, we describe the strategy used to implement the PECARN TBI prediction rules via electronic health record (EHR) clinical decision support (CDS) as the intervention in a multicenter clinical trial.

Thirteen EDs participated in this trial. The 10 sites receiving the CDS intervention used the Epic® EHR. All sites implementing EHR-based CDS built the rules by using the vendor’s CDS engine. Based on a sociotechnical analysis, we designed the CDS so that recommendations could be displayed immediately after any provider entered prediction rule data. One central site developed and tested the intervention package to be exported to other sites. The intervention package included a clinical trial alert, an electronic data collection form, the CDS rules and the format for recommendations.

The original PECARN head trauma prediction rules were derived from physician documentation while this pragmatic trial led each site to customize their workflows and allow multiple different providers to complete the head trauma assessments. These differences in workflows led to varying completion rates across sites as well as differences in the types of providers completing the electronic data form. Site variation in internal change management processes made it challenging to maintain the same rigor across all sites. This led to downstream effects when data reports were developed.

The process of a centralized build and export of a CDS system in one commercial EHR system successfully supported a multicenter clinical trial.
Lessons learnt from the use of relationship-based procurement methods in Australia: clients’ perspectives
Authors: Rahmani Farshid , Khalfan Malik M A , Maqsood Tayyab
Published: June 2016

This paper aims to review the use of various construction procurement systems and present the development of Relationship-Based Procurement (RBP) Methods currently in use within the Australian construction industry. Therefore, this paper provides the historical development of procurement briefly and then focuses on the adoption of Relationship-Based Procurement (RBP) approaches in the Australian construction industry to investigate the future direction of the collaborative project procurement arrangements. Semi-structured interviews with high-level managers in the Australian state government organizations have been conducted to answer the research question. A discussion has been presented about the potential future tendency of the industry in adopting a RBP. The findings suggest that even though relationship based procurement systems offer significant benefits; they are not popular among the public sector decision makers because of inability to demonstrate Value for Money (VfM) propositions for public projects. Other reasons which may cause a move away from using RBPs in the future include the need for managers to fully engage throughout the project, and the lack of collaborative environment within the construction industry in general.
Review of research trend in international construction projects: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Utama Wahyudi P , Chan Albert P.C. , Zahoor Hafiz , Gao Ran
Published: June 2016

This paper presents the latest research development in international construction project (ICP) domain from 1995 to 2014 as revealed in the construction management related journals. A systematic document retrieval method was employed to collect relevant articles. The identified papers were analyzed by using bibliometric analysis comprising the investigation of the number of publication, the main originators of the research contributions, their affiliations, the most cited papers, and the sources of research funding as well as the research methods used. Ninety-eight relevant articles obtained from 12 major journals associated with construction management studies were successfully assessed. The results show an upward trend with some fluctuations during the period and the bibliometric information of ICP studies was successfully presented.
Evaluating Vehicle Emission Control Policies using on-Road Mobile Measurements and Continuous Wavelet Transform: a Case Study during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum, China 2014
Authors: Tan Ziqiang , Wang Yanwen , Ye Chunxiang , Zhu Yi , Li Yingruo , Liang Pengfei , Wang Qi , Han Yiqun , Fang Yanhua , Wang Junxia , Meng Lei , Wang Yao , Zhu Tong
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Vehicle emissions are major sources of atmospheric pollutants in urban areas, especially in megacities around the world. Various vehicle emission control policies have been implemented to improve air quality. However, the effectiveness of these policies is unclear, due to a lack of systematic evaluation and sound methodologies. During the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum, China 2014, the Chinese government implemented the strictest vehicle emission control policy in the country's history, which provided an opportunity to evaluate its effectiveness, based on our recently developed method. To evaluate the vehicle emission reduction, we used a mobile research platform to measure the main air pollutants (PM2.5, black carbon (BC), SO2, CO, NOx and O3) on the 4th ring road of the city of Beijing, combined with a continuous wavelet transform method (CWT) to separate out "instantaneous emissions" by passing vehicles. The results suggested that our measurements captured the spatial distribution and variation of atmospheric pollutant concentrations on the 4th ring road. The "instantaneous concentration" decomposed by the CWT method represents on-road emissions better than other methods reported in the literature. With this method, we found that the daytime vehicle emission of CO and NOx decreased by 28.1 and 16.3 %, respectively, during the APEC period relative to the period before APEC, and by 39.3 and 38.5 %, respectively, relative to the period after APEC. The nighttime vehicle emissions of CO and NOx decreased by 56.0 and 60.7 %, respectively, during the APEC period relative to the period after APEC. Because vehicle emissions of NOx and CO contribute considerably to the total emissions of these pollutants in Beijing, the vehicle emission control policy implementation was extremely successful in controlling air quality during APEC 2014, China.
A site-level comparison of lysimeter and eddy-covariance flux measurements of evapotranspiration
Authors: Hirschi Martin , Michel Dominik , Lehner Irene , Seneviratne Sonia I.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Accurate measurements of evapotranspiration are required for many meteorological, climatological, ecological, and hydrological research applications and developments. Here we examine and compare two well-established methods to determine evapotranspiration at the site level: lysimeter-based measurements (EL) and eddy-covariance (EC) flux measurements (EEC). The analyses are based on parallel measurements carried out with these two methods at the research catchment Rietholzbach in northeastern Switzerland, and cover the time period June 2009 to December 2015. The measurements are compared on various time scales, and with respect to a 40-year lysimeter-based evapotranspiration time series. Overall, the lysimeter and EC measurements agree well, especially on the annual time scale. On that time scale, the long-term lysimeter measurements also correspond well with catchment water-balance estimates of evapotranspiration. This highlights the representativeness of the site-level lysimeter and EC measurements for the entire catchment despite their comparatively small source areas and the heterogeneous land use and topography within the catchment. Furthermore, we identify that lack of reliable EC measurements during and following rainfall events (due to limitations of the measurement technique under these conditions) significantly contributes to an underestimation of EEC and to the overall energy balance gap at the site.
Seasonal streamflow forecasting by conditioning climatology with precipitation indices
Authors: Crochemore Louise , Ramos Maria-Helena , Pappenberger Florian , Perrin Charles
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Many fields such as drought risk assessment or reservoir management can benefit from long-range streamflow forecasts. The simplest way to make probabilistic streamflow forecasts can be to use historical streamflow time series, if available. Another approach is to use ensemble climate scenarios as input to a hydrological model. Climatology (i.e. time series of climate conditions recorded over a long time period) has long been used in long-range streamflow forecasting. However, in the last decade, the use of general circulation model (GCM) outputs as input to hydrological models has developed. While precipitation climatology and historical streamflows offer reliable ensembles, forecasts based on GCM outputs can offer sharper ensembles, partly due to the initialisation of GCMs and hydrological models on current conditions. This study proposes to condition historical data based on GCM precipitation forecasts to get the most out of both data sources and improve seasonal streamflow forecasting in France. Four conditioning statistics based on ECMWF System 4 forecasts of cumulative precipitation and of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were used to select traces within historical streamflows and historical precipitations. The four conditioned precipitation scenarios were used as input to the GR6J hydrological model to obtain eight conditioned streamflow forecast scenarios. These streamflow scenarios were compared to three references: an ensemble based on historical streamflows, the widespread Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) ensemble, and System 4 precipitation forecasts. These ensembles were evaluated based on their sharpness, reliability and overall performance. An overall comparison of forecast ensembles showed that conditioning past observations based on the three-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI3) improved the sharpness of ensembles based on historical data, while maintaining a good reliability. An evaluation of forecast ensembles for low-flow forecasting showed that the SPI3-conditioned ensembles provided reliable forecasts of low-flow duration and deficit volume based on the 80th exceedance percentile. Last, drought risk forecasting was illustrated for the 2003 drought.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF 3D MODELING SOFTWARE FOR UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Yanagi H. , Chikatsu H.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry, which combines UAV and freely available internet-based 3D modeling software, is widely used as a low-cost and user-friendly photogrammetry technique in the fields such as remote sensing and geosciences. In UAV photogrammetry, only the platform used in conventional aerial photogrammetry is changed. Consequently, 3D modeling software contributes significantly to its expansion. However, the algorithms of the 3D modelling software are black box algorithms. As a result, only a few studies have been able to evaluate their accuracy using 3D coordinate check points. With this motive, Smart3DCapture and Pix4Dmapper were downloaded from the Internet and commercial software PhotoScan was also employed; investigations were performed in this paper using check points and images obtained from UAV.
AUTOMATED VOXEL MODEL FROM POINT CLOUDS FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Bitelli G. , Castellazzi G. , D’Altri A.M. , De Miranda S. , Lambertini A. , Selvaggi I.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In the context of cultural heritage, an accurate and comprehensive digital survey of a historical building is today essential in order to measure its geometry in detail for documentation or restoration purposes, for supporting special studies regarding materials and constructive characteristics, and finally for structural analysis. Some proven geomatic techniques, such as photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning, are increasingly used to survey buildings with different complexity and dimensions; one typical product is in form of point clouds. We developed a semi-automatic procedure to convert point clouds, acquired from laserscan or digital photogrammetry, to a filled volume model of the whole structure. The filled volume model, in a voxel format, can be useful for further analysis and also for the generation of a Finite Element Model (FEM) of the surveyed building. In this paper a new approach is presented with the aim to decrease operator intervention in the workflow and obtain a better description of the structure. In order to achieve this result a voxel model with variable resolution is produced. Different parameters are compared and different steps of the procedure are tested and validated in the case study of the North tower of the San Felice sul Panaro Fortress, a monumental historical building located in San Felice sul Panaro (Modena, Italy) that was hit by an earthquake in 2012.
RECORDING AND MODELING OF FORTRESSES AND CASTLES WITH UAS. SOME STUDY CASES IN JAEN (SOUTHERN SPAIN)
Authors: Cardenal J. , Pérez J. L. , Mata E. , Delgado J. , Gómez-López J. M. , Colomo C. , Mozas A.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The province of Jaen (Southern Spain) has one of the largest concentrations of medieval fortresses of all Europe. Moreover ancient Iberian settlements located in oppida (fortified villages) and dated at VI-IV BC also are outstanding examples of historical heritage landmarks in the region. Most of these places are being restored or under documentation analysis to prevent their progressive deterioration. These places have several geometric characteristics in common, such as isolated locations, elongated shapes, largemedium size objects (in the order of tens to few hundred of meters), architectural features with vertical development (such as masonry or rammed earth walls, towers, gates, battlements, etc) or without it (walls, buildings or paths layouts at ground level). The object size, the required level of details and accuracy (of the order of some few cm) and both vertical and horizontal features imply that present UAS techniques can be advantageously used with respect to conventional aerial and terrestrial photogrammetric techniques. Vertical stereoscopic and oblique convergent UAS photogrammetric networks combined with processing techniques based on Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms allow detailed low cost 2D/3D products. The proper selection of the UAS, camera, image acquisition mode (stop and/or cruising), the network and the processing software will determine the quality of final products and their usefulness in metric documentation, 3D modelization or museology. The efficiency of the use of UAS has been analyzed in several selected examples in Jaen (Burgalimar and Berrueco castles, Xth and XIIIth centuries, respectively, and the Iberian Puente Tablas oppidum, Vth-IVth centuries BC).
THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECORDING OF BASTION MIDDLEBURG MONUMENT USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER
Authors: Majid Z. , Lau C. L. , Yusoff A. R.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper describes the use of terrestrial laser scanning for the full three-dimensional (3D) recording of historical monument, known as the Bastion Middleburg. The monument is located in Melaka, Malaysia, and was built by the Dutch in 1660. This monument serves as a major hub for the community when conducting commercial activities in estuaries Malacca and the Dutch build this monument as a control tower or fortress. The monument is located on the banks of the Malacca River was built between Stadhuys or better known as the Red House and Mill Quayside. The breakthrough fort on 25 November 2006 was a result of the National Heritage Department through in-depth research on the old map. The recording process begins with the placement of measuring targets at strategic locations around the monument. Spherical target was used in the point cloud data registration. The scanning process is carried out using a laser scanning system known as a terrestrial scanner Leica C10. This monument was scanned at seven scanning stations located surrounding the monument with medium scanning resolution mode. Images of the monument have also been captured using a digital camera that is setup in the scanner. For the purposes of proper registration process, the entire spherical target was scanned separately using a high scanning resolution mode. The point cloud data was pre-processed using Leica Cyclone software. The pre-processing process starting with the registration of seven scan data set through overlapping spherical targets. The post-process involved in the generation of coloured point cloud model of the monument using third-party software. The orthophoto of the monument was also produced. This research shows that the method of laser scanning provides an excellent solution for recording historical monuments with true scale of and texture.
USING REMOTELY SENSED DATA FOR DOCUMENTATION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN NORTHEASTERN MESOPOTAMIA
Authors: Matoušková E. , Starková L. , Pavelka K. , Nováček K. , Šedina J. , Faltýnová M. , Housarová E.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper introduces two archaeological sites documented during the MULINEM (The Medieval Urban Landscape in Northeastern Mesopotamia) project. This project investigates the Late Sasanian and Islamic urban network in the land of Erbil, a historic province of Hidyab (Adiabene) that is located in northern Iraq. The investigated sites are the two deserted cities of Makhmúr al-Quadíma and Al-Hadítha. It is assumed that these two sites used to form large cities with high business and cultural importance in the medieval period. The archaeological locations are endangered by various threats.The Al-Hadítha site seems to be under the control of the „Islamic state“ at the moment and Makhmúr al-Quadíma is located just next to the town of new Makhmúr that expands rapidly and without complex urban plans. Documentation of the archaeological sites has been done by using remotely sensed methods together with in-situ measurements (where available). FORMOSAT-2 data that has been gained through a research announcement: Free FORMOSAT-2 satellite imagery and when combined with other sources (recent and historical data) it provides a powerful documentation tool. In-situ RPAS measurements and a DTM creation furnish a new source of highly valuable information. Influence of the political and security situation in Al-Hadítha will be analysed.
EVALUATING UNMANNED AERIAL PLATFORMS FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE LARGE SCALE MAPPING
Authors: Georgopoulos A. , Oikonomou C. , Adamopoulos E. , Stathopoulou E. K.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. When it comes to large scale mapping of limited areas especially for cultural heritage sites, things become critical. Optical and non-optical sensors are developed to such sizes and weights that can be lifted by such platforms, like e.g. LiDAR units. At the same time there is an increase in emphasis on solutions that enable users to get access to 3D information faster and cheaper. Considering the multitude of platforms, cameras and the advancement of algorithms in conjunction with the increase of available computing power this challenge should and indeed is further investigated. In this paper a short review of the UAS technologies today is attempted. A discussion follows as to their applicability and advantages, depending on their specifications, which vary immensely. The on-board cameras available are also compared and evaluated for large scale mapping. Furthermore a thorough analysis, review and experimentation with different software implementations of Structure from Motion and Multiple View Stereo algorithms, able to process such dense and mostly unordered sequence of digital images is also conducted and presented. As test data set, we use a rich optical and thermal data set from both fixed wing and multi-rotor platforms over an archaeological excavation with adverse height variations and using different cameras. Dense 3D point clouds, digital terrain models and orthophotos have been produced and evaluated for their radiometric as well as metric qualities.
COMPLEMENTARITY OF HISTORIC BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Yang X. , Koehl M. , Grussenmeyer P. , Macher H.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In this paper, we discuss the potential of integrating both semantically rich models from Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to build the detailed 3D historic model. BIM contributes to the creation of a digital representation having all physical and functional building characteristics in several dimensions, as e.g. XYZ (3D), time and non-architectural information that are necessary for construction and management of buildings. GIS has potential in handling and managing spatial data especially exploring spatial relationships and is widely used in urban modelling. However, when considering heritage modelling, the specificity of irregular historical components makes it problematic to create the enriched model according to its complex architectural elements obtained from point clouds. Therefore, some open issues limiting the historic building 3D modelling will be discussed in this paper: how to deal with the complex elements composing historic buildings in BIM and GIS environment, how to build the enriched historic model, and why to construct different levels of details? By solving these problems, conceptualization, documentation and analysis of enriched Historic Building Information Modelling are developed and compared to traditional 3D models aimed primarily for visualization.
ASSESSMENT OF A STATIC MULTIBEAM SONAR SCANNER FOR 3D SURVEYING IN CONFINED SUBAQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Moisan E. , Charbonnier P. , Foucher P. , Grussenmeyer P. , Guillemin S. , Samat O. , Pagès C.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Mechanical Scanning Sonar (MSS) is a promising technology for surveying underwater environments. Such devices are comprised of a multibeam echosounder attached to a pan & tilt positioner, that allows sweeping the scene in a similar way as Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS). In this paper, we report on the experimental assessment of a recent MSS, namely, the BlueView BV5000, in a confined environment: lock number 50 on the Marne-Rhin canal (France). To this aim, we hung the system upside-down to scan the lock chamber from the surface, which allows surveying the scanning positions, up to an horizontal orientation. We propose a geometric method to estimate the remaining angle and register the scans in a coordinate system attached to the site. After reviewing the different errors that impair sonar data, we compare the resulting point cloud to a TLS model that was acquired the day before, while the lock was completely empty for maintenance. While the results exhibit a bias that can be partly explained by an imperfect setup, the maximum difference is less than 15 cm, and the standard deviation is about 3.5 cm. Visual inspection shows that coarse defects of the masonry, such as stone lacks or cavities, can be detected in the MSS point cloud, while smaller details, e.g. damaged joints, are harder to notice.