bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Young and Obese Patients
Authors: Matziolis Georg , Brodt Steffen
Published: September 2019

Special attention should be drawn on endoprosthetic hip replacement in young and obese patients because of an increased risk of perioperative complications and early implant failure. Gain of function and reduction of pain are not compromised in these patients, so that the indication criteria remain unchanged. Implant survival is reduced in very young patients and mainly influenced by the bearing materials. The risk of implant malalignment, specifically of the cup, can be minimized by an intraoperative X-ray control. The effect of bariatric surgery on perioperative complications remains unclear. But a preoperatively uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of infection. Known specific risk factors of young and obese patients should be considered during the perioperative management and be included in the individual operation planning and informed consent.
Optimising Results of Nasal Tip Rotation Applying Combination of Nasolabial Angle and Lip–Columellar Angle in Tandem in Patients Operated by “Cock-up” Alar Cartilage Flaps Technique
Authors: Bhat Uday , Peswani Amit Ratanlal , Wagh Snehjeet , Mishra Rohit , Gupta Tarush , Baliarsing Amresh
Published: September 2019

Background Setting the angle of tip rotation is of utmost importance in achieving satisfactory results in rhinoplasty. Conventionally the upward rotation of the tip requires shortening of the septum by caudal resection and shortening of the lateral walls by cephalic trim of the alar cartilages. The results are usually assessed subjectively. We describe the use of objective parameters to ensure accuracy of nasal tip rotation in patients operated with “cock-up” alar cartilage flaps, a modification of the cephalic trim.

Methods Fifteen patients with a long nose having adequate width of lateral crura, desiring a shorter nose with upward tip rotation, were included in the study. Values of preoperative and desired nasolabial angle (from morphed images), and the derived columellar–labial angle were documented. Nasal tip rotation was set to the derived angle and maintained using cock-up alar cartilage flaps. The outcome was evaluated by digital measurements of the nasolabial angle and patients’ feedback by Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) score.

Results Satisfactory tip rotation and an aesthetic supratip area could be achieved. The difference in preoperative and postoperative nasolabial angles was statistically significant (p value < 0.0001). The difference in desired and the obtained nasolabial angle was not significant (p value 0.085). The results were maintained on subsequent follow-up.

Conclusion Application of angles in practice and use of K-wire template helps us achieve accurate and consistent results. Cock-up flap is an effective technique—to obtain an open nasolabial angle and a desirable supratip region by making use of tissues otherwise discarded.
Efficacy of Periconceptional High-Dose Folic Acid in Isolated Orofacial Cleft Prevention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jayarajan Rajshree , Natarajan Anantharajan , Nagamuttu Ravindranathan
Published: September 2019

Background The effectiveness of folic acid in prevention of neural tube defects has been well established. Periconceptional supplementation of folic acid in low doses has been shown to be effective in some studies on its efficacy in prevention of occurrence of clefts. There are few studies on high-dose folic acid for prevention of occurrence and recurrence of clefts in high risk cases and the overall consensus based on these is not available.

Objectives The aim of this review is to assess whether high-dose folic acid supplementation during the periconceptional period reduces the risk of occurrence of nonsyndromic clefts and recurrence in high-risk cases.

Search Methods Search was conducted in the various databases and trial registers. There were no restrictions in the search with regards to language, study setting, or date of publication.

Results The search yielded four studies—one randomized control trial, two prospective control trials, and a case–control surveillance on screening 401 articles. The three case–control studies were specifically on recurrence of clefts in high risk cases. The heterogeneity of the studies prevented conduction of a meta-analysis. But results of the studies demonstrate a strong association between high-dose folic acid and isolated nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±CP). But such an effect is weak with regards to isolated cleft palate (CP).

Conclusions With the limited evidence available, our conclusion is that high-dose folic acid probably has a role in prevention of recurrence of isolated CL±CP in high-risk individuals, but not CP.
Two-terminal terahertz detectors based on AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors
Authors: Sun Jiandong , Zhang Zhipeng , Li Xiang , Qin Hua , Sun Yunfei , Cai Yong , Yu Guohao , Zhang Zhili , Zhang Jinfeng , Shangguan Yang , Jin Lin , Li Xinxing , Zhang Baoshun , Popov V. V.
Published: September 2019

We report an approach to make two-terminal antenna-coupled AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistor self-mixing terahertz detectors. Fluorine ion implantation is used to increase the threshold voltage of the AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas. An optimal implantation dose can be reached so that the detector responsivity is maximized at zero gate voltage or with the gate floating. The relationship between the ion dosage and the threshold voltage, electron mobility, electron density, responsivity, and noise-equivalent power (NEP) is obtained. A minimum optical NEP of 47  pW/Hz is achieved from a two-terminal detector at 0.65 THz. The capability of two-terminal operation allows for the design of a large array of antenna-coupled high-electron-mobility transistor detectors without the demanding needs of routing negative gate voltage lines around the antenna array and minimizing the gate leakage current.
Random walkers illuminate a math problem
Authors: Hill Heather M.
Published: September 2019

A family of tricky integrals can now be solved without explicit calculation.
A safe and sustainable bacterial cellulose nanofiber separator for lithium rechargeable batteries
Authors: Gwon Hyeokjo , Park Kitae , Chung Soon-Chun , Kim Ryoung-Hee , Kang Jin Kyu , Ji Sang Min , Kim Nag-Jong , Lee Sunghaeng , Ku Jun-Hwan , Do Eun Cheol , Park Sujin , Kim Minsang , Shim Woo Yong , Rhee Hong Soon , Kim Jae-Young , Kim Jieun , Kim Tae Yong , Yamaguchi Yoshitaka , Iwamuro Ryo , Saito Shunsuke , Kim Gahee , Jung In-Sun , Park Hyokeun , Lee Chanhee , Lee Seungyeon , Jeon Woo Sung , Jang Woo Dae , Kim Hyun Uk , Lee Sang Yup , Im Dongmin , Doo Seok-Gwang , Lee Sang Yoon , Lee Hyun Chul , Park Jin Hwan
Published: September 2019

Significance

This report describes an opportunity for the bacterial cellulose nanofiber (BCNF) membrane, which has recently been attracting much attention due to its sustainability and high thermal stability, as a “single-layer,” good alternative membrane to the existing chemical-derived one in batteries, and thus allows us to find possible solutions to the environmental and safety issues. We achieved highest BCNF yield ever reported so far and fabricated a cylindrical lithium ion battery (LIB) by roll-to-roll process to realize remarkable cycle stability with 80% capacity retention even after 1,000 cycles, which is comparable to those of commercialized batteries. Finally, we introduced a Lewis base to improve thermal safety of the battery to a level comparable to that of a commercial ceramic-coated separator.
Unbiased atomistic insight in the competing nucleation mechanisms of methane hydrates
Authors: Arjun  , Berendsen Thom A. , Bolhuis Peter G.
Published: September 2019

Significance

Mixtures of methane gas and water can form ice-like solid methane hydrates via homogeneous nucleation at natural, moderate conditions. Understanding the formation of the different hydrate polymorphs, required for improved control of crystallization, is hampered by limited experimental resolution. Direct molecular dynamics simulations could provide insight, but it would require computation times beyond the age of the Universe for a single nucleation event to take place. Yet, the nucleation event itself, while rare, occurs fast. Therefore, we sample and examine ensembles of rare unbiased nucleation trajectories. Detailed analysis shows how selection between competing amorphous and crystalline polymorph formation mechanisms takes place. The conclusions shed light onto the formation of clathrate hydrates.
Anne Frank in the ultra-Catholic Franco period
Authors: Fernández-Gil María Jesús
Published: September 2019

This paper examines Spaniards’ responses to the Americanised construction of Anne Frank and her diary. In addition to analysing the context in which the first translation into Castilian Spanish was published, consideration is given to the transformative moves that the original text and the Broadway and Hollywood rewritings of the diary underwent when they were made available in Spain in the second half of the 1950s. Special attention is paid to the discursive reconfiguration of the mythicised view built around the figure of Anne Frank in the United States and to its challenge and exploitation in the ultra-Catholic years of Franco’s regime. In that sense, one of the major driving forces behind this paper is answering the question of whether or not the reception of this text in Francoist Spain was affected by the fact that its author was an adolescent, a Jew, and a woman.
Transport signatures of symmetry protection in 1D Floquet topological insulators
Authors: Balabanov Oleksandr , Johannesson Henrik
Published: September 2019

Time-periodic external drives have emerged as a powerful tool to artificially create topological phases of matter. Prime examples are Floquet topological insulators (FTIs), where a gapped bulk supports in-gap edge states, protected against symmetry-preserving local perturbations. Similar to an ordinary static topological insulator, the robustness of an edge state in a one-dimensional (1D) FTI shows up as a pinning of its quasienergy level, but now inside one of two distinct bulk gaps. Here we propose a scheme for probing this unique feature by observing transport characteristics of a 1D finite-sized FTI attached to external leads. We present predictions for transmission spectra using a nonequilibrium Green’s function approach. Our analysis covers FTIs with time-independent and periodically driven boundary perturbations which either preserve or break the protecting chiral symmetry.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis, hydrometry and hydrodensitometry for body composition assessment in adult Colombian women
Authors: Caicedo-Eraso J C , Gonzalez-Correa C H , Gonzalez-Correa C A , Gallagher D
Published: September 2019

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a noninvasive method for assessment of body composition with better accuracy, and less inter-observer error than anthropometry. Despite these advantages, reported BIA equations may not be suitable for populations other than where they were developed. The aim of this study was to develop equations for single-frequency (SF) BIA and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) using a three compartment (3C) model as the criterion method to predict total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) in South-American adult women. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a convenience sample (n=40). SF-BIA and BIS prediction equations were developed using forward-stepwise multiple regression with TBW by D2O and FFM by 3C model as dependent variables; and weight, resistance and impedance index (stature2/resistance) as independent variables. A cross-validation was conducted in a randomly split subsample (n=20). Four final equations were developed. There were no differences between SF-BIA and BIS equations for TBW (p=0.68) and FFM (p=0.66). The cross-validation showed a strong association and broadly meets the limits of agreement with the 3C reference method. The equations have an excellent goodness-of-fit to predict TBW and FFM. Validation of these equations in populations of different ages and ethnicities is warranted.
Intra-Abdominal Pressure Monitoring by Surface Bioimpedance Estimation
Authors: David M , Yellin E , Pracca F , Simini F
Published: September 2019

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is produced by an accumulation of liquids in the abdominal cavity. In such case, the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) increases, and the abdominal wall is stretched. Previously, an inverse correlation between the abdominal wall’s thickness and the IAP was theorized. Since the abdominal wall can be modelled as a compound of parallel dielectric slabs, changes in their width have direct effect on its overall bioimpedance. Numerical analyses of the bioimpedance as a function of the compression of the abdominal wall were verified by an in-situ trial on a porcine model. In this work, we present the project of a medical grade bioimpedance spectroscopy system along with a summary of our findings.
Revised Floyd-Warshall Algorithm to Find Optimal Path in Similarity-Weight Network and Its Application in the Analysis of Global Value Chain
Authors: Xing Lizhi , Li Yujie
Published: September 2019

This paper focuses on measuring the globally and nationally economic system’s connectedness and industrial sector’s function on the Global Value Chain (GVC), as reinforcements to the present studies on international trade. Firstly, we reconsidered the length-related and position-related measures in literatures about vertical specialization from the perspective of econophysics. Secondly, we redefined the inter-country and inter-sector propagating process of intermediate goods and proposed the concept of Strongest Relevance Path Length (SRPL) based on Revised Floyd-Warshall Algorithm (RFWA), which is the basis of new measurement. Thirdly, enlightened by betweenness centrality of node and edge, we introduced SRPL-based index to measure the Value-Added Pivotability of Industrial Sectors and Input-Output Relationships. Fourthly, we also proposed the concepts of Backward Closeness and Forward Closeness of Industrial Sectors based on closeness centrality.
A prediction model for superconductor critical temperature using stepwise discriminant analysis based on feature extraction
Authors: Guo P C , Li Wei , Su Z Y
Published: September 2019

Although the critical temperature is a very important step for the extensive application of superconductors, it’s difficult to find the correlations of many kinds of physical superconductor properties and guarantee the accuracy in predicting the critical temperature. In this paper, an efficient prediction model using stepwise discriminant analysis based on feature extraction is provided to give the reduction of superconductor physical properties and predict the superconductor critical temperature. Firstly principal component analysis and clustering analysis are implemented to reduce the data dimension of superconductor physical properties and give the reductive clusters to complete the feature extraction. The 71 physical properties data of 1300 superconductors is efficiently reduced to 3 main components and 7 clusters. According to the extracted features and improved stepwise discriminant analysis based on the principle of binary search, bayesian discriminant function of each layer is established. At last, Python programming is designed to input the characteristic values and output the predicted the range of critical temperature to finish the efficient computer implementation of this model. Its result that only to the fifth layer, the superconductor critical temperature accuracy of 20,000 × 71 data matrix is 3. 125 has verified the efficiency of this model.
Dynamic Behaviour of a Mono-pile with Skirted Template Structure for Offshore Wind-Power System
Authors: Lee  , Hua Hsien , Hsieh H.-Y.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this research is to develop an offshore structural system that may sustain a stronger wave and have better stability. The object of the research is a hybrid type of offshore mono-pile-template structural system, which is more flexible and relatively easier to construct compared to the heavy mass type offshore structural system. It is expected that this hybrid type of supporting structure for an offshore wind-power generation platform will have the flexibility as presented by a typical template structural and yet, consistent properties for supporting function of the structure. Two types of structure are designed for the analytical study, namely, the mono-pile supporting structural system and the hybrid type combined with the mono-pile and the template structure as an outskirt frame system. Both annual regular waves and extreme storm waves of a 100-year return period are applied to the structural system as exerting forces.
Aligned SICs and embedded tight frames in even dimensions
Authors: Andersson Ole , Dumitru Irina
Published: September 2019

Alignment is a geometric relation between pairs of Weyl–Heisenberg SICs, one in dimension d and another in dimension

, manifesting a well-founded conjecture about a number-theoretical connection between the SICs. In this paper, we prove that if d is even, the SIC in dimension

of an aligned pair can be partitioned into (d  −  2)2 tight d
2-frames of rank

and, alternatively, into d
2 tight (d  −  2)2-frames of rank

. The corresponding result for odd d is already known, but the proof for odd d relies on results which are not available for even d. We develop methods that allow us to overcome this issue. In addition, we provide a relatively detailed study of parity operators in the Clifford group, emphasizing differences in the theory of parity operators in even and odd dimensions and discussing consequences due to such differences. In a final section, we study implications of alignment for the symmetry of the SIC.
Introducing a biomimetic coating for graphene neuroelectronics: toward in-vivo applications
Authors: Bourrier Antoine , Szarpak-Jankowska Anna , Veliev Farida , Olarte-Hernandez Renato , Shkorbatova Polina , Bonizzato Marco , Rey Elodie , Barraud Quentin , Briançon-Marjollet Anne , Auzely Rachel , Courtine Gregoire , Bouchiat Vincent , Delacour Cécile
Published: September 2019

Electronic micro and nano-devices are suitable tools to monitor the activity of many individual neurons over mesoscale networks. However the inorganic materials currently used in microelectronics are barely accepted by neural cells and tissues, thus limiting both the sensor lifetime and efficiency. In particular, penetrating intracortical probes face high failure rate because of a wide immune response of cells and tissues. This adverse reaction called gliosis leads to the rejection of the implanted probe after few weeks and prevent long-lasting recordings of cortical neurons. Such acceptance issue impedes the realization of many neuro-rehabilitation projects. To overcome this, graphene and related carbon-based materials have attracted a lot of interest regarding their positive impact on the adhesion and regeneration of neurons, and their ability to provide high-sensitive electronic devices, such as graphene field effect transistor (G-FET). Such devices can also be implemented on numerous suitable substrates including soft substrates to match the mechanical compliance of cells and tissues, improving further the biocompatibility of the implants. Thus, using graphene as a coating and sensing device material could significantly enhance the acceptance of intracortical probes. However, such a thin monolayer of carbon atoms could be teared off during manipulation and insertion within the brain, and could also display degradation over time. In this work, we have investigated the ability to protect graphene with a natural, biocompatible and degradable polymeric film derivated from hyaluronic acid (HA). We demonstrate that HA-based coatings can be deposited over a wide range of substrates, including intracortical probes and graphene FET arrays without altering the underlying device material, its biocompatibility and sensitivity. Moreover, we show that this coating can be monitored in situ by quantifying the number of deposited charges with the G-FET arrays. The reported graphene functionalization offers promising alternatives for improving the acceptance of various neural interfaces.
Contributions to 21st century projections of extreme sea-level change around the UK
Authors: Howard Tom , Palmer Matthew D , Bricheno Lucy M
Published: September 2019

We provide a synthesis of results of a recent government-funded initiative to make projections of 21st century change in extreme sea levels around the coast of the United Kingdom. We compare four factors that influence future coastal flood risk: (i) time-mean sea-level (MSL) rise; (ii) changes in storm surge activity; (iii) changes in the offshore wave climate; (iv) changes in tidal amplitude arising from the increase in MSL. Our projections are dominated by the effects of MSL rise, which is typically more than five times larger than any of the other contributions. MSL is projected to rise by about 53 to 115 centimetres at the mouth of the Thames and 30 to 90 centimetres at Edinburgh (5th to 95th percentiles at 2100 relative to 1981–2000 average). Surge model projections disagree on the sign of future changes. Typical simulated changes are around +/−7 centimetres. Because of the disagreement, our best estimate is of no change from this contribution, although we cannot rule out changes of either sign. Wave model projections suggest a decrease in significant wave height of the order of 7 centimetres over the 21st century. However, the limited sample size and uncertainty in projections of changes in atmospheric circulation means that we cannot be confident about the sign of future changes in wave climate. MSL rise may induce changes in tidal amplitude of more than 15 centimetres over the 21st century for the Bristol Channel. However, models disagree on the sign of change there. Elsewhere, our projected tidal amplitude changes are mostly less than 7 centimetres. Whilst changes in MSL dominate, we have shown the potential for all processes considered here to make non-negligible contributions over the 21st century.
Inflammation and Risk of Depression in HIV: Prospective Findings From the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Authors: Lu Haidong , Surkan Pamela J , Irwin Michael R , Treisman Glenn J , Breen Elizabeth C , Sacktor Ned , Stall Ron , Wolinsky Steven M , Jacobson Lisa P , Abraham Alison G
Published: September 2019

Studies suggest that inflammation might be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher risk of depression and elevated inflammatory profiles. Despite this, research on the link between inflammation and depression among this high-risk population is limited. We examined a sample of men who have sex with men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in prospective analyses of the association between inflammation and clinically relevant depression symptoms, defined as scores >20 on Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. We included 1,727 participants who contributed 9,287 person-visits from 1984 to 2010 (8,218 with HIV (HIV+) and 1,069 without (HIV−)). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to characterize underlying inflammatory processes from 19 immune markers. Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to evaluate associations between inflammatory processes and depressive symptoms stratified by HIV serostatus. Three EFA-identified inflammatory processes (EIPs) were identified. EIP-1 scores—described by soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNF-R2), soluble interleukin-2 receptor α (sIL-2Rα), sCD27, B-cell activating factor, interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), sCD14, and sGP130—were significantly associated with 9% higher odds of depressive symptoms in HIV+ participants (odds ratio = 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.16) and 33% higher odds in HIV− participants (odds ratio = 1.33; 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.61). Findings suggest that immune activation might be involved in depression risk among both HIV+ and HIV− men who have sex with men.
Invited Commentary: Counterfactuals in Social Epidemiology—Thinking Outside of “the Box”
Authors: VanderWeele Tyler J
Published: September 2019

There are tensions inherent between many of the social exposures examined within social epidemiology and the assumptions embedded in quantitative potential-outcomes-based causal inference framework. The potential-outcomes framework characteristically requires a well-defined hypothetical intervention. As noted by Galea and Hernán (Am J Epidemiol. 2020;189(3):167–170), for many social exposures, such well-defined hypothetical exposures do not exist or there is no consensus on what they might be. Nevertheless, the quantitative potential-outcomes framework can still be useful for the study of some of these social exposures by creative adaptations that 1) redefine the exposure, 2) separate the exposure from the hypothetical intervention, or 3) allow for a distribution of hypothetical interventions. These various approaches and adaptations are reviewed and discussed. However, even these approaches have their limits. For certain important historical and social determinants of health such as social movements or wars, the quantitative potential-outcomes framework with well-defined hypothetical interventions is the wrong tool. Other modes of inquiry are needed.
Consistency of structural color across molts: The effects of environmental conditions and stress on feather ultraviolet reflectance
Authors: Windsor Rebecca L , Fox Gordon A , Bowman Reed
Published: September 2019

Plumage ornamentation is often considered a signal of fitness, condition, sex, or social status. This theory holds for species with structural UV color, which is influenced by a variety of factors such as environmental pressures during molt or heritability. However, little is known about the consistency of ornamentation and signaling across time in individuals with structural color. We compared juvenile and adult feathers in free-living Florida Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) to measure UV color change within individuals across molts and to assess possible sources of change. We used multiple imputation to estimate missing data and a combination of pooled estimates and model averaging to infer which parameters explain observed variation in UV color. We also tested whether adult color or relative color change from juvenile to adult plumage predicted acquisition of breeding space. UV color was not consistent across annual molts, as adult feathers reflected significantly less light but greater proportions of UV light than juvenile feathers. Juvenile color was most affected by quality of natal environment and maternal effects whereas adult color was influenced by condition and juvenile color. Adults dosed with corticosterone produced feathers with less UV ornamentation compared to control adults. Feather color did not predict acquisition of breeding space in adults, but females that experienced reductions in UV color across molts were more likely to obtain breeding space, which may reflect sex-specific differences in reproductive strategies in Florida Scrub-Jays. Our evidence suggests that structural color acts as a signal of sex, age, and condition; but ornamentation is only weakly related to acquisition of breeding space and thus unlikely to be under strong sexual selection. Ornamentation may just be one factor among many, such as personality, social dominance, or position in social networks, that determine how jays interact and compete for breeding space.
To pay or not: game theoretic models of ransomware
Authors: Cartwright Edward , Hernandez Castro Julio , Cartwright Anna
Published: September 2019

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts files and demands a ransom from victims. It can be viewed as a form of kidnapping in which the criminal takes control of the victim’s files with the objective of financial gain. In this article, we review and develop the game theoretic literature on kidnapping in order to gain insight on ransomware. The prior literature on kidnapping has largely focused on political or terrorist hostage taking. We demonstrate, however, that key models within the literature can be adapted to give critical new insight on ransomware. We primarily focus on two models. The first gives insight on the optimal ransom that criminals should charge. The second gives insight on the role of deterrence through preventative measures. A key insight from both models will be the importance of spillover effects across victims. We will argue that such spillovers point to the need for some level of outside intervention, by governments or otherwise, to tackle ransomware.
Using the Adapted Flemish Sign Language Visual Communication and Sign Language Checklist
Authors: Wille Beatrijs , Allen Thomas , Van Lierde Kristiane , Van Herreweghe Mieke
Published: September 2019

This study addresses the topic of visual communication and early sign language acquisition in deaf children with a Flemish Sign Language (Vlaamse Gebarentaal or VGT) input. Results are obtained through a checklist focusing on sign-exposed deaf children’s visual communication and early sign language acquisition: the adapted VGT Visual Communication and Sign Language checklist. The purpose is to obtain the first detailed picture of these children’s visual and early VGT acquisition and to determine the optimal support for the checklist’s ongoing standardization process. At the time of testing, all children were 24-months old and had been diagnosed with a severe or profound hearing loss before the age of 6 months. Half of the children were being raised in deaf families with native VGT exposure, while the other half were from hearing families with no prior VGT knowledge. All parents declared VGT accessibility to the child and that they used VGT in the home. Resulting from this study is the identification of five early visual communication items as being potentially good indicators of later (sign) language development. Further, concerns were put forward on the lack of ongoing visual, communication, and language support for deaf children and their parents in Flanders.
Magazine Culture, Girlhood Communities, and Educational Reform in Late Victorian Britain
Authors: Gleadle Kathryn
Published: September 2019

This will appear online only.This article argues for the importance of restoring girls’ aspirations and self-education to narratives of Victorian educational reform. Studies typically focus upon the efforts of professionals, politicians and campaigners in plotting the pioneering changes to girls’ education in the second half of the nineteenth century. Here it is contended that the success of these developments depended upon a new generation of girls with the confidence and ambition to take advantage of the new opportunities to sit examinations and attend university. To do this, the article excavates the neglected phenomenon of the manuscript magazine. It examines how young females used well-established periodicals to advertise their own amateur magazines. Inviting readers to contribute to their ventures, they constructed independent networks of collaborative cultural endeavour. Manuscript magazines, it will be suggested, need to be understood as part of a ‘magazine culture’ widely embraced by Victorian girls. To tease out the small but subtle ways in which magazine culture could enhance the aspirations of young women, the article focuses upon the extraordinary diary archives of Eva Knatchbull-Hugessen (1861–95). The educational career of Knatchbull-Hugessen, who was an early student at Newnham College in the 1880s, exemplifies the impact which engagement in girlhood culture could engender and the significant role played by magazines, both professional and amateur, in this process. Understanding teenage responses to educational reforms requires a recalibration of our analytical lens to focus not upon grand narratives of feminist awakening but rather upon the small subjective shifts which typically underlay young females’ decisions.
Efficiency in Decentralised Markets with Aggregate Uncertainty
Authors: Camargo Braz , Gerardi Dino , Maestri Lucas
Published: September 2019

We study efficiency in non-stationary decentralised markets with common-value uncertainty and correlated asset values. There is an equal mass of buyers and sellers and payoffs from trade depend on an aggregate state, which only the sellers know. Buyers and sellers are randomly and anonymously matched in pairs over time, and buyers make the offers. We show that all equilibria become efficient as trading frictions vanish.
Joining up optimisation of wood supply chains with forest management: a case study of North Karelia in Finland
Authors: Pekka Hyvönen , Reetta Lempinen , Juha Lappi , Juha Laitila , Tuula Packalen
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a spatially explicit methodology for integrated forest management and wood supply chain optimization over time in the context of a Finnish forest strategy anticipating new investments and renewal of business in the wood processing industry. The Finnish MELA simulator was used to generate multiple treatment schedules over time at the management unit level – each treatment schedule providing unique estimates of extracted wood volumes by different assortment categories for each time period. The J linear programming (LP) software was used to analyse different regional forest strategies in terms of wood supply and transportation costs to multiple market destinations. The analysis revealed clear differences both in wood flows and forest resources between strategies maximizing wood supply or optimizing wood supply to market destinations. In addition, the wood flows appeared responsive to new mill and increased demand. Further, the changes in factory price had a heavier impact on pulpwood supply than on sawlog supply. The same methodology can be applied for analysing the impact of new factories on wood flows from forest to factories and between factories or to support forest enterprises in planning their wood supply over multiple time periods and multiple destinations.
How Does Subjective Age Get “Under the Skin”? The Association Between Biomarkers and Feeling Older or Younger Than One’s Age: The Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Thyagarajan Bharat , Shippee Nathan , Parsons Helen , Vivek Sithara , Crimmins Eileen , Faul Jessica , Shippee Tetyana
Published: September 2019

Background and Objectives

Though subjective age is a well-recognized risk factor for several chronic diseases, the biological basis for these associations remains poorly understood.

Research Design and Methods

We used new comprehensive biomarker data from the 2016 wave of the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to evaluate the association between biomarker levels and self-reported subjective age in a subset of 3,740 HRS participants who provided a blood sample. We measured biomarkers in seven biological domains associated with aging: inflammation, glycemia, lipids, liver function, endocrine function, renal function, and cardiac function. The primary outcome was the age discrepancy score (subjective age − chronological age) categorized as those who felt younger, older, or the same as their chronological age (reference group). Analyses adjusted for comprehensive psychosocial factors (chronic stress index, depression score), demographic factors (race, sex, body mass index, marital status, physical activity), and prevalence of chronic health conditions (comorbidity index).

Results

The prevalence of clinically relevant reduced levels of albumin concentrations was lower in those who felt younger (8.8% vs. 16.0%; p = .006) and higher in those who felt older (20.4% vs. 16.0%; p = .03) when compared with the reference category. The prevalence of clinically significant elevation in liver enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase was also significantly lower among those who felt younger (7.1% vs. 8.6%; p = .04) when compared with the reference category. Prevalence of clinically elevated levels in cystatin C was also lower among those who felt younger when compared with the reference category (50.0% vs. 59.1%; p = .04). There was no association between lipids, glucose, or C-reactive protein (inflammatory marker) and subjective age categories.

Discussion and Implications

These results suggest that people who feel younger may have favorable biomarker profiles and as a result may have lower prevalence of age-related diseases when compared with those who feel older or those who feel the same as their chronological age.
Longitudinal versus transverse hip arthroscopy portal cosmesis: a case-control trial of simultaneous bilateral cases
Authors: Babazadeh Sina , Kraeutler Matthew J , Garabekyan Tigran , Welton K Linnea , Mei-Dan Omer
Published: September 2019

The direction and nature of incisions can impact the healing and appearance of a surgical scar. This can be attributed mainly due to skin tension and direction of force. The aim of this study was to identify differences in healing rates and scar esthetics between transverse and longitudinal portals used for hip arthroscopy. A total of 75 patients underwent bilateral hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement. All patients received a portal perpendicular to the long axis of the body on the left side (transverse portal) and parallel with the long axis of the body on the right side (longitudinal portal) for the standard anterolateral viewing portal. Postoperatively, patients were reviewed at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months and the portal scars were assessed, photographed and measured. No patients were lost to follow-up. The transverse scars, although slightly longer, were found to be narrower at 6 weeks (3.8 mm versus 2.7 mm, P < 0.01), 3 months (4.3 mm versus 3.4 mm, P = 0.01) and 6 months postoperatively (6.1 mm versus 4.5 mm, P < 0.01). At 3 months (43 mm2 versus 35 mm2, P = 0.029) and 6 months (49 mm2 versus 43 mm2, P = 0.024), transverse incisions were noted to have significantly reduced total area compared with longitudinal incisions. There were no wound complications in either group. This study demonstrates that transverse portal positions for hip arthroscopy have an advantage over longitudinal portal positions in terms of total scar area and thickness up to 6 months postoperatively.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Emotion Regulation Therapy for Psychologically Distressed Caregivers of Cancer Patients
Authors: O’Toole Mia S , Mennin Douglas S , Applebaum Allison , Weber Britta , Rose Hanne , Fresco David M , Zachariae Robert
Published: September 2019

Background

Previous cognitive behavioral therapies for informal caregivers (ICs) have produced negligible effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in a randomized controlled trial, the efficacy of Emotion Regulation Therapy adapted for caregivers (ERT-C) on psychological and inflammatory outcomes in psychologically distressed ICs and the cancer patients cared for.

Methods

A total of 81 ICs with elevated psychological distress were randomly assigned to ERT-C or a waitlist condition and assessed pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. In 52 cases, the patient cared for by the IC was included. Patients did not receive ERT-C. Both the ERT-C and waitlist groups were followed 3 and 6 months post-treatment. Data were analyzed with multilevel models, and P values were two-sided.

Results

Compared with ICs in the waitlist condition, ICs in the ERT-C condition experienced medium to large statistically significant reductions in psychological distress (Hedge’s g = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40 to 1.32, P < .001), worry (g = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.50 to 1.42, P < .001), and caregiver burden (g = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.10 to 1.99, P = .007) post-treatment. No statistically significant effects were found for rumination (g = 0.24, 95% CI = −0.20 to 0.68, P = .220). Results concerning caregiver burden were maintained through 6 months follow-up. Although the effects on psychological distress and worry diminished, their end-point effects remained medium to large. No statistically significant effects on systemic inflammation were detected (C-reactive protein: g = .17, 95% CI = −0.27 to 0.61, P = .570; interleukin-6: g = .35, 95% CI = −0.09 to 0.79, P = .205; tumor necrosis factor-alpha: g = .11, 95% CI = −0.33 to 0.55, P = .686). Patients whose ICs attended ERT-C experienced a large increase in quality of life post-treatment (g = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.18 to 1.58, P = .017).

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of ERT-C for ICs. Given the previous disappointing effects of other cognitive behavioral therapies for this population, the present findings are very encouraging. Identifying ICs with elevated psychological distress and providing them with relevant psychotherapy appears an important element of comprehensive cancer care.
2D-Galactic chemical evolution: the role of the spiral density wave
Authors: Mollá M , Wekesa S , Cavichia O , Díaz Á I , Gibson B K , Rosales-Ortega F F , Ascasibar Y , Wamalwa D S , Sánchez S F
Published: September 2019

We present a 2D chemical evolution code applied to a Milky Way type Galaxy, incorporating the role of spiral arms in shaping azimuthal abundance variations, and confront the predicted behaviour with recent observations taken with integral field units. To the usual radial distribution of mass, we add the surface density of the spiral wave and study its effect on star formation and elemental abundances. We compute five different models: one with azimuthal symmetry which depends only on radius, while the other four are subjected to the effect of a spiral density wave. At early times, the imprint of the spiral density wave is carried by both the stellar and star formation surface densities; conversely, the elemental abundance pattern is less affected. At later epochs, however, differences among the models are diluted, becoming almost indistinguishable given current observational uncertainties. At the present time, the largest differences appear in the star formation rate and/or in the outer disc (R ≥ 18 kpc). The predicted azimuthal oxygen abundance patterns for t ≤ 2 Gyr are in reasonable agreement with recent observations obtained with VLT/MUSE for NGC 6754.
The VANDELS survey: the star-formation histories of massive quiescent galaxies at 1.0 < z < 1.3
Authors: Carnall A C , McLure R J , Dunlop J S , Cullen F , McLeod D J , Wild V , Johnson B D , Appleby S , Davé R , Amorin R , Bolzonella M , Castellano M , Cimatti A , Cucciati O , Gargiulo A , Garilli B , Marchi F , Pentericci L , Pozzetti L , Schreiber C , Talia M , Zamorani G
Published: September 2019

We present a Bayesian full-spectral-fitting analysis of 75 massive ($M_* \gt 10^{10.3} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$) UVJ-selected galaxies at redshifts of 1.0 < z < 1.3, combining extremely deep rest-frame ultraviolet spectroscopy from VANDELS with multiwavelength photometry. By the use of a sophisticated physical plus systematic uncertainties model, constructed within the bagpipes code, we place strong constraints on the star-formation histories (SFHs) of individual objects. We first constrain the stellar mass versus stellar age relationship, finding a steep trend towards earlier average formation time with increasing stellar mass (downsizing) of $1.48^{+0.34}_{-0.39}$ Gyr per decade in mass, although this shows signs of flattening at $M_* \gt 10^{11} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$. We show that this is consistent with other spectroscopic studies from 0 < z < 2. This relationship places strong constraints on the AGN-feedback models used in cosmological simulations. We demonstrate that, although the relationships predicted by simba and illustristng agree well with observations at z = 0.1, they are too shallow at z = 1, predicting an evolution of ≲0.5 Gyr per decade in mass. Secondly, we consider the connections between green-valley, post-starburst, and quiescent galaxies, using our inferred SFH shapes and the distributions of galaxy physical properties on the UVJ diagram. The majority of our lowest-mass galaxies ($M_* \sim 10^{10.5} \, \mathrm{M_\odot }$) are consistent with formation in recent (z < 2), intense starburst events, with time-scales of ≲500 Myr. A second class of objects experience extended star-formation epochs before rapidly quenching, passing through both green-valley and post-starburst phases. The most massive galaxies in our sample are extreme systems: already old by z = 1, they formed at z ∼ 5 and quenched by z = 3. However, we find evidence for their continued evolution through both AGN and rejuvenated star-formation activity.
Revealing the galaxy–halo connection in IllustrisTNG
Authors: Bose Sownak , Eisenstein Daniel J , Hernquist Lars , Pillepich Annalisa , Nelson Dylan , Marinacci Federico , Springel Volker , Vogelsberger Mark
Published: September 2019

We use the IllustrisTNG (TNG) simulations to explore the galaxy–halo connection as inferred from state-of-the-art cosmological, magnetohydrodynamical simulations. With the high-mass resolution and large volume achieved by combining the 100 Mpc (TNG100) and 300 Mpc (TNG300) volumes, we establish the mean occupancy of central and satellite galaxies and their dependence on the properties of the dark matter haloes hosting them. We derive best-fitting HOD parameters from TNG100 and TNG300 for target galaxy number densities of $\bar{n}_g = 0.032\,$  and $\bar{n}_g = 0.016\, h^3$ Mpc−3, respectively, corresponding to a minimum galaxy stellar mass of $M_\star \sim 1.9\times 10^9\, $ and $M_\star \sim 3.5\times 10^9\, {\rm M}_\odot$, respectively, in hosts more massive than $10^{11}\, {\rm M}_\odot$. Consistent with previous work, we find that haloes located in dense environments, with low concentrations, later formation times, and high angular momenta are richest in their satellite population. At low mass, highly concentrated haloes and those located in overdense regions are more likely to contain a central galaxy. The degree of environmental dependence is sensitive to the definition adopted for the physical boundary of the host halo. We examine the extent to which correlations between galaxy occupancy and halo properties are independent and demonstrate that HODs predicted by halo mass and present-day concentration capture the qualitative dependence on the remaining halo properties. At fixed halo mass, concentration is a strong predictor of the stellar mass of the central galaxy, which may play a defining role in the fate of the satellite population. The radial distribution of satellite galaxies, which exhibits a universal form across a wide range of host halo mass, is described accurately by the best-fitting NFW density profile of their host haloes.
Study Design in Neurosurgical Research: Considerations for Observational and Experimental Cohort Studies
Authors: Louie Christopher E , D’Agostino Erin , Woods Alexander , Ryken Timothy
Published: September 2019

There is inadequate neurosurgical literature discussing appropriate clinical study design. Here, we explore considerations for 2 fundamental study designs of epidemiology: experimental and observational cohort studies, through examples of theoretical yet realistic neurosurgical research questions. By examining 2 common neurosurgical procedures—namely, subdural drains for evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma, and the utility of navigation for placing external ventricular drains—we characterize the framework of cohort study models for clinical research applications.