bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ice-flow model emulator based on physics-informed deep learning
Authors: Jouvet Guillaume , Cordonnier Guillaume
Published: September 2023

Convolutional neural networks (CNN) trained from high-order ice-flow model realisations have proven to be outstanding emulators in terms of fidelity and computational performance. However, the dependence on an ensemble of realisations of an instructor model renders this strategy difficult to generalise to a variety of ice-flow regimes found in the nature. To overcome this issue, we adopt the approach of physics-informed deep learning, which fuses traditional numerical solutions by finite differences/elements and deep-learning approaches. Here, we train a CNN to minimise the energy associated with high-order ice-flow equations within the time iterations of a glacier evolution model. As a result, our emulator is a promising alternative to traditional solvers thanks to its high computational efficiency (especially on GPU), its high fidelity to the original model, its simplified training (without requiring any data), its capability to handle a variety of ice-flow regimes and memorise previous solutions, and its relatively simple implementation. Embedded into the ‘Instructed Glacier Model’ (IGM) framework, the potential of the emulator is illustrated with three applications including a large-scale high-resolution (2400x4000) forward glacier evolution model, an inverse modelling case for data assimilation, and an ice shelf.
Constitutionalising Israel's Constitutional System
Authors: Totry-Jubran Manal
Published: September 2023

The current political landscape in Israel, with countrywide demonstrations occurring weekly, and citizens calling for democracy in the face of initiatives introduced by the coalition, may be regarded as transformative events with potential constitutional implications. This article explores the question of whether Israel is experiencing a ‘constitutional moment’ and what such a moment entails, taking into account the intricate social, legal and political reality of the country. I argue that the current events should be examined and analysed within a broader context of processes that have been occurring in the Israeli society and legal system over the past two decades. These processes may hinder or create challenges for the realisation of a constitutional moment, rather than facilitating progress towards that goal. Correspondingly, the article lays the basic foundations for the occurrence of an Israeli constitutional moment, which I refer to as ‘constitutionalising Israel's constitutional system’.
Programme zur Förderung emotionaler Kompetenzen in der mittleren Kindheit
Authors: Lovis-Schmidt Avelina , Ackermann Laura , Wascher Saskia , Rindermann Heiner
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Das Erlernen emotionaler Basiskompetenzen ist eine zentrale Entwicklungsaufgabe für Kinder und steht in einem positiven Zusammenhang mit dem Aufbau sozialer und kognitiver Kompetenzen. Insbesondere das mittlere Kindesalter (6–12 Jahre) eignet sich für den Einsatz von Interventionen, da Kinder in dieser Altersphase selbstständiger sind als in der frühen Kindheit und in der Schule förderliche Kompetenzen in Sprache sowie Denken parallel erlernt werden. Ziele: Bisher ist unklar, wie Programme im deutschsprachigen Raum zur Förderung der emotionalen Entwicklung in der Primärprävention für diese Altersgruppe im Detail wirken. Die vorliegende Metaanalyse hat deshalb zum Ziel, Daten zu emotionalen Kompetenzprogrammen und deren Inhalte und Wirkweise bei Kindern im mittleren Kindesalter zu quantifizieren und daraus konkrete Erkenntnisse für die Praxis abzuleiten. Methode: Es wurden zwei systematische Literaturrecherchen durchgeführt: 1) Suche nach passenden Programmen für diesen Altersbereich ( N = 20) und 2) Suche nach Evaluationsstudien im Kontrollgruppendesign für die gefundenen Programme ( k = 49, mit einer Gesamtstichprobe von N = 27.000). Ergebnisse: Programme zur Förderung der emotionalen Entwicklung erzielen im Mittel moderate Effekte auf die emotionale Entwicklung (gemittelt und nach Stichprobengröße gewichtet: d = 0.48). Dieser mittlere Effekt ist deutlich größer als die gemittelten Effektgrößen aus vorherigen Metaanalysen, welche breitere Altersspannen untersuchten. Als voraussichtlich wirksame Moderatorvariablen erwiesen sich das Alter der Zielgruppe, die Ganzheitlichkeit von Inhalten sowie der Einbezug von Eltern. Limitationen: Die Studienlage pro Programm ist mangelhaft, was die Aussagekraft der Ergebnisse zu spezifischen Programmen einschränkt. Zukünftige Studien sollten es sich zur Aufgabe machen, bereits bestehende Programme umfangreicher und differenzierter zu evaluieren. Schlussfolgerung: Emotionale Kompetenzprogramme eignen sich, um die emotionale Entwicklung von Kindern zwischen 6 und 12 Jahren zu fördern. Die Erkenntnisse inklusive der Empfehlungen zur Konzeptionalisierung von zukünftigen Programmen ist wertvoll für Schulen, Psychologen und Psychologinnen, Pädagogen und Pädagoginnen und schlussendlich ebenso für Eltern und Kinder.
Forschungsergebnisse als Professionalisierungsgrundlage
Authors: Lattner Katrin , Rupprecht Beatrice
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung. Die Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlich geprägten Expertise von Fachkräften wurde bisher verstärkt im Rahmen akademischer Qualifizierungen diskutiert ( Stieve, 2013 ). Eher wenig Beachtung fand dabei die Professionalisierung durch Forschungsergebnisse, insbesondere im Kontext einer eigenen Teilnahme an Forschungsprojekten durch Kita-Akteur_innen. Hierin wird jedoch das Potenzial der Entgrenzung von Wissenschaft und Praxis durch forschungsbedingte Synergieeffekte gesehen. Dahingehend beleuchtet der Beitrag auf Basis einer Online-Befragung mit N = 1.200 pädagogischen Fach- und Leitungskräften sowohl den Nutzen der eigenen Forschungsteilnahme als auch den Wissenschafts-Praxis-Transfer.
Projected Changes in Mountain Precipitation Under CO2‐Induced Warmer Climate
Authors: Kad Pratik , Ha Kyung‐Ja , Lee Sun‐Seon , Chu Jung‐Eun
Published: September 2023

Mountains play a vital role in shaping regional and global climate, altering atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns. To this end, identifying projected changes in mountain precipitation is significantly challenging due to topographic complexity. This study explains how mountain precipitation could respond to rising greenhouse gases. Using a series of century‐long fully coupled high‐resolution simulations conducted with the Community Earth System Model, we aim to disentangle future changes in mountain precipitation in response to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) perturbations. Our research findings indicate that the warming observed in global mountains is more pronounced when compared to the mean warming rates experienced globally and in the ocean under elevated CO2. We identify five low‐latitude mountain ranges with elevation‐dependent precipitation response, including New Guinea, East Africa, Eastern Himalayas, Central America, and Central Andes. Those mountains are expected to have a mixture of increasing and decreasing precipitation in response to CO2‐induced warming, especially over the summit and steep topography. To elucidate the mechanisms controlling future changes in mountain precipitation, we propose “Orographic moisture omega feedback” in which an increase in low‐level relative humidity enhances local precipitation by strengthening the upward motion through moist processes for the wetting response and vice versa for the drying response. The effects of Mountain precipitation changes can be extended to hydrology and could lead to significant consequences for human societies and ecosystems.
Comment on “Unraveling the Role of IMF Bx in Driving Geomagnetic Activity” by Kubyshkina et al
Authors: Holappa Lauri , Reistad Jone Peter , Ohma Anders
Published: September 2023

The coupling of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) with the Earth's magnetic field can result in spectacular auroral displays, including substorms. An important feature of substorms is the westward electrojet that is routinely monitored by the AL index, based on ground magnetometer measurements. Recent research shows that, during periods of significant dipole tilt, the value of the AL index is strongly modulated by the dawn‐dusk (or y) component of the IMF (By): the AL index is stronger for By > 0 than By < 0 during negative dipole tilt (Northern Hemisphere winter). Kubyshkina et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja031275) argued that this By dependence of the AL index is not really caused by IMF By but by the component along the Sun‐Earth line (x axis)—namely IMF Bx, which is strongly anticorrelated with By. Here we provide strong evidence that the By dependence of the AL index is indeed much stronger than the suggested Bx dependence. In fact, the analysis of Kubyshkina et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja031275) provided similar evidence. We also note that the physical mechanism proposed by Kubyshkina et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja031275) to explain the suggested Bx dependence is contradicted by observations. However, we cannot completely rule out its existence.
Water Charge and Conservation of Natural Areas: An Ex‐Ante Assessment of a Policy Proposal for the Mantiqueira Region, Brazil
Authors: Rocha Ademir , Haddad Eduardo , Leal Alan , Corrêa João
Published: September 2023

Water plays a central role in several socioeconomic and environmental nexuses. Faced with various anthropogenic pressures that act as water scarcity drivers and knowing that the unavailability of water can be a limiting factor for economic development, there is an urgent need for the design and evaluation of economic instruments that help in the management of water resources. This article presents a proposal and assessment for a Pigouvian water charge instrument. The instrument suggests imposing a charge based on the amount of water consumed, targeting the agriculture, livestock, forest extraction, and aquaculture sectors. The revenue generated from this charge could be utilized to fund reforestation initiatives and support government expenditures, thereby creating both environmental and economic advantages. Based on a calibrated static computable general equilibrium economic model for the Brazilian Mantiqueira region, it was possible to estimate that a water charge policy at a rate of R$ 0.10/m3 (US$ 0.026/m3) could lead to an increase in the Brazilian GDP in the benchmark year by US$ 10.7 million. Economic benefits could also be verified at the regional level, especially in those areas where there are water‐intensive economic activities. On the environmental side, the water charge could incentivize actions capable of recovering approximately 80 km2 of natural areas.
YAP1 expression is associated with survival and immunosuppression in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Peixin , Sun Chenglong , Wang Hao , Zhao Wencheng , Wu Yan , Guo Haoyue , Zhou Caicun , He Yayi
Published: September 2023

Immunotherapy is considered a major breakthrough in the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), although its anti-tumor efficacy is limited. With a high degree of malignancy and high heterogeneity, SCLC is difficult to treat in the clinic. A new combination strategy is urgently needed to further improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with SCLC. By immunofluorescence, 100 SCLC patients in a local cohort were classified into the SCLC-A (high ASCL1 expression; n = 36), SCLC-N (high NEUROD1 expression; n = 32), SCLC-P (high POU2F3 expression; n = 14), and SCLC-Y (high YAP1 expression; n = 18) subtypes. Each SCLC molecular subtype represented different prognoses, tumor microenvironment traits, and immunotherapy sensitivities. Analysis of both the local and public cohorts suggested that the SCLC-Y subtype exhibited the worst clinical outcome (p < 0.05) when compared with other subtypes. SCLC with high YAP1 expression was characterized by high PD-L1 expression, high stromal score, T-cell functional impairment, and a close relationship with immune-related pathways. YAP1 upregulated PD-L1 expression and suppressed T cell activation, thus leading to immune evasion. In in vitro experiments, blockade of YAP1 promoted cancer cell apoptosis, immune cell proliferation, T-cell activation, and cytotoxic T-cell infiltration, thus further potentiating the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with the SCLC-Y subtype.
Earthworms contribute significantly to global food production
Authors: Fonte Steven J. , Hsieh Marian , Mueller Nathaniel D.
Published: September 2023

Earthworms are critical soil ecosystem engineers that support plant growth in numerous ways; however, their contribution to global agricultural production has not been quantified. We estimate the impacts of earthworms on global production of key crops by analyzing maps of earthworm abundance, soil properties, and crop yields together with earthworm-yield responses from the literature. Our findings indicate that earthworms contribute to roughly 6.5% of global grain (maize, rice, wheat, barley) production and 2.3% of legume production, equivalent to over 140 million metric tons annually. The earthworm contribution is especially notable in the global South, where earthworms contribute 10% of total grain production in Sub-Saharan Africa and 8% in Latin America and the Caribbean. Our findings suggest that earthworms are important drivers of global food production and that investment in agroecological policies and practices to support earthworm populations and overall soil biodiversity could contribute greatly to sustainable agricultural goals.
Natural product P57 induces hypothermia through targeting pyridoxal kinase
Authors: Wang Ruina , Xiao Lei , Pan Jianbo , Bao Guangsen , Zhu Yunmei , Zhu Di , Wang Jun , Pei Chengfeng , Ma Qinfeng , Fu Xian , Wang Ziruoyu , Zhu Mengdi , Wang Guoxiang , Gong Ling , Tong Qiuping , Jiang Min , Hu Junchi , He Miao , Wang Yun , Li Tiejun , Liang Chunmin , Li Wei , Xia Chunmei , Li Zengxia , Ma Dengke K. , Tan Minjia , Liu Jun Yan , Jiang Wei , Luo Cheng , Yu Biao , Dang Yongjun
Published: September 2023

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme environmental conditions. However, pharmacological induction of hypothermia in most mammals remains a huge challenge. Here we show that a natural product P57 promptly induces hypothermia and decreases energy expenditure in mice. Mechanistically, P57 inhibits the kinase activity of pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), a key metabolic enzyme of vitamin B6 catalyzing phosphorylation of pyridoxal (PL), resulting in the accumulation of PL in hypothalamus to cause hypothermia. The hypothermia induced by P57 is significantly blunted in the mice with knockout of PDXK in the preoptic area (POA) of hypothalamus. We further found that P57 and PL have consistent effects on gene expression regulation in hypothalamus, and they may activate medial preoptic area (MPA) neurons in POA to induce hypothermia. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that P57 has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia through regulation of vitamin B6 metabolism and PDXK serves as a previously unknown target of P57 in thermoregulation. In addition, P57 may serve as a chemical probe for exploring the neuron circuitry related to hypothermia state in mice.
1/4 is the new 1/2 when topology is intertwined with Mottness
Authors: Mai Peizhi , Zhao Jinchao , Feldman Benjamin E. , Phillips Philip W.
Published: September 2023

In non-interacting systems, bands from non-trivial topology emerge strictly at half-filling and exhibit either the quantum anomalous Hall or spin Hall effects. Here we show using determinantal quantum Monte Carlo and an exactly solvable strongly interacting model that these topological states now shift to quarter filling. A topological Mott insulator is the underlying cause. The peak in the spin susceptibility is consistent with a possible ferromagnetic state at T = 0. The onset of such magnetism would convert the quantum spin Hall to a quantum anomalous Hall effect. While such a symmetry-broken phase typically is accompanied by a gap, we find that the interaction strength must exceed a critical value for this to occur. Hence, we predict that topology can obtain in a gapless phase but only in the presence of interactions in dispersive bands. These results explain the recent quarter-filled quantum anomalous Hall effects seen in moiré systems.
Spatiotemporal observation of quantum crystallization of electrons
Authors: Murase Hideaki , Arai Shunto , Hasegawa Tatsuo , Miyagawa Kazuya , Kanoda Kazushi
Published: September 2023

Liquids crystallize as they cool; however, when crystallization is avoided in some way, they supercool, maintaining their liquidity, and freezing into glass at low temperatures, as ubiquitously observed. These metastable states crystallize over time through the classical dynamics of nucleation and growth. However, it was recently found that Coulomb interacting electrons on charge-frustrated triangular lattices exhibit supercooled liquid and glass with quantum nature and they crystallize, raising fundamental issues: what features are universal to crystallization at large and specific to that of quantum systems? Here, we report our experimental challenges that address this issue through the spatiotemporal observation of electronic crystallization in an organic material. With Raman microspectroscopy, we have successfully performed real-space and real-time imaging of electronic crystallization. The results directly capture strongly temperature-dependent crystallization profiles indicating that nucleation and growth proceed at distinctive temperature-dependent rates, which is common to conventional crystallization. However, the growth rate is many orders of magnitude larger than that in the conventional case. The temperature characteristics of nucleation and growth are universal, whereas unusually fast growth kinetics features quantum crystallization where a quantum-to-classical catastrophe occurs in interacting electrons.
Establishment of a recombinase polymerase amplification detection method for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Authors: Liu Yaoxia , Hao Jianyun , Guo Qingyun , Yan Jiahui , Yao Qiang
Published: September 2023

Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is an airborne disease that endangers wheat during its entire growth period. In this study, the Pst134EA_003354 uncharacterized protein (GenBank: XM_047941824.1) of Pst was used as the target sequence, and the primers PS-RPA-F and PS-RPA-R, as well as the probe PS-LF-probe, were designed for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technology. Flow chromatography was combined with the process to establish an RPA detection method for Pst. This method successfully established visual detection within 10 min under a constant temperature of 39 °C, and the detection results were consistent with those of ordinary PCR analysis. However, it only had high specificity for Pst, and the detection limit was 10 fg/μL. In addition, this rapid method successfully detected Pst from wheat leaves during the field incubation period, indicating substantial benefits for applied use. In summary, the RPA detection method established in this study has the favourable characteristics of high efficiency, simple functionality, and rapid and universal practicability, providing a theoretical basis for the early detection and prevention of Pst.
Role of pinch in Argon impurity transport in ohmic discharges of Aditya-U Tokamak
Authors: Shah K. , Ghosh J. , Patel S. , Chowdhuri M. B. , Jadeja K. A. , Shukla G. , Macwan T. , Kumar A. , Dolui S. , Singh K. , Tanna R. L. , Patel K. M. , Dey R. , Manchanda R. , Ramaiya N. , Kumar R. , Aich S. , Yadava N. , Purohit S. , Gupta M. K. , Nagora U. C. , Pathak S. K. , Atrey P. K. , Mayya K. B. K.
Published: September 2023

We present experimental results of the trace argon impurity puffing in the ohmic plasmas of Aditya-U tokamak performed to study the argon transport behaviour. Argon line emissions in visible and Vacuum Ultra Violet (VUV) spectral ranges arising from the plasma edge and core respectively are measured simultaneously. During the experiments, space resolved brightness profile of Ar1+ line emissions at 472.69 nm (3p44s 2P3/2–3p44p 2D3/2), 473.59 nm (3p44s 4P5/2–3p44p 4P3/2), 476.49 nm (3p44s 2P1/2–3p44p 2P3/2), 480.60 nm (3p44s 4P5/2–3p44p 4P5/2) are recorded using a high resolution visible spectrometer. Also, a VUV spectrometer has been used to simultaneously observe Ar13+ line emission at 18.79 nm (2s22p 2P3/2–2s2p22P3/2) and Ar14+ line emission at 22.11 nm (2s21S0–2s2p 1P1). The diffusivity and convective velocity of Ar are obtained by comparing the measured radial emissivity profile of Ar1+ emission and the line intensity ratio of Ar13+ and Ar14+ ions, with those simulated using the impurity transport code, STRAHL. Argon diffusivities ~ 12 m2/s and ~ 0.3 m2/s have been observed in the edge (ρ > 0.85) and core region of the Aditya-U, respectively. The diffusivity values both in the edge and core region are found to be higher than the neo-classical values suggesting that the argon impurity transport is mainly anomalous in the Aditya-U tokamak. Also, an inward pinch of ~ 10 m/s mainly driven by Ware pinch is required to match the measured and simulated data. The measured peaked profile of Ar density suggests impurity accumulation in these discharges.
Kardar–Parisi–Zhang roughening associated with nucleation-limited steady crystal growth
Authors: Akutsu Noriko
Published: September 2023

The roughness of crystal surfaces and the shape of crystals play important roles in multiscale phenomena. For example, the roughness of the crystal surface affects the frictional and optical properties of materials such as ice or silica. Theoretical studies on crystal surfaces based on the symmetry principle proposed that the growing surfaces of crystal growth could be classified in the universal class of Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ), but experiments rarely observe KPZ properties. To fill this the gap, extensive numerical calculations of the crystal growth rates and the surface roughness (surface width) have been performed for a nanoscale lattice model using the Monte Carlo method. The results indicate that a (001) surface is smooth within the single nucleation growth region. In contrast, the same surface is atomically smooth but thermodynamically rough in the poly-nucleation growth region in conjunction with a KPZ roughness exponent. Inclined surfaces are known to become Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) rough surfaces both at and near equilibrium. The two types of steps associated with the (001) and (111) terraces were found to induce KPZ surface roughness, while the interplay between steps and multilayered islands promoted BKT roughness.
The influence of energy and temperature distributions on EHD destabilization of an Oldroyd-B liquid jet
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Amer Mohamed F. E.
Published: September 2023

This work examines the impact of an unchanged longitudinal electric field and the ambient gas on the EHD instability of an Oldroyd-B fluid in a vertical cylinder, where the system is immersed in permeable media. In order to explore the possible subject uses in thermo-fluid systems, numerous experimental and theoretical types of research on the subject are conducted. The main factors influencing the dispersion and stability configurations are represented by the energy and concentration equations. The linear Boussinesq approximating framework is recommended for further convenience. A huge growth in numerous physical and technical implications is what motivated this study. Using the standard normal modes of examination, the characteristics of velocity fields, temperature, and concentration are analyzed. The conventional stability results in a non-dimensional convoluted transcendental dispersion connection between the non-dimensional growth rate and all other physical parameters. The Maranogoni phenomenon, in which temperature and concentration distributions affect surface tension, has been addressed. It is observed that the intense electric field, the Prandtl numeral, the Lewis numeral, and the Lewis numeral velocity ratio have a stabilizing influence. As opposed to the Weber numeral, the Ohnesorge numeral, and the density ratio have a destabilizing influence.
Research on nash game model for user side shared energy storage pricing
Authors: Qian Weijie , Chen Chao , Gong Liwu , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2023

With the continuous promotion of the energy revolution, the market-oriented reform of electricity has become the first priority in the energy field, and small-scale energy storage devices on the user side have received more and more attention. However, the disorderly management mode of user-side energy storage not only causes a waste of resources, but also brings hidden dangers to the safe operation of the power grid, such as stability, scheduling and operation, power quality and other problems. To address this issue, this paper proposes a user-side shared energy storage pricing strategy based on Nash game. Firstly, an optimal operation model is established for each participant of energy storage operators, users and grid. Secondly, a cooperative game model is established based on Nash equilibrium theory for the participants under the constraints. Finally, the optimal pricing scheme is solved by simulation analysis of the model, and the feasibility of the proposed pricing mechanism is verified. The results show that the optimal pricing scheme can achieve the purpose of peak shaving and resource saving. At the same time, it can also realize the win–win situation for all parties.
Involvement of silver and palladium with red peanuts skin extract for cotton functionalization
Authors: Emam Hossam E. , El-Hawary Nancy S. , Mashaly Hamada M. , Ahmed Hanan B.
Published: September 2023

A systematic study is currently demonstrated approach for approving the superior role of silver and palladium metallic particles in acting the role of mordant with acquiring the dyed cotton fabrics excellence in color fastness with additional functions of antimicrobial potentiality and UV-protection action. Whereas, samples were dyed with extract of red peanuts skin as natural textile colorant (RPN dye). The represented data revealed that, in absence of mordant, the samples treated with metal precursors prior to dyeing were exhibited with the excellent color strength, color fastness, antimicrobial action and UV-protection action. Color fastness (washing, rubbing and light fastness) was estimated to be in the range of very good–excellent. Sample pretreated with silver salt and dyed in the absence of mordant was graded with excellent UV-protection action (UPF 31.5, UVB T% 2.6% and UVB blocking percent 97.4%). Antimicrobial potency against E. coli, S. aureus and Candida albicans through inhibition zone and the reduction percent was approved to be in the range of excellence (93.01–99.51%) for the samples dyed in absence of mordant and pretreated with either silver or palladium precursors.
Fabrication and evaluation of vitamin doped Zno/AgNPs nanocomposite based wheat gluten films: a promising findings for burn wound treatment
Authors: Sajjad Anila , Ali Hussain , Zia Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Burn wound treatment remains a significant issue in wound care management especially when multidrug resistant bacterial infection and accumulation are present. Delayed wound healing is mostly due to ineffectiveness of commercially available wound dressings that protects the wound but less efficient in healing perspective. Therefore, nano-based wound dressing might be efficient solution for wound healing management. The present study reports the fabrication and evaluation of zinc oxide (ZnO) or silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) capped with vitamin A or E nanocomposite that were incorporated in wheat gluten (WG) films. The chemical structure, phase purity, and morphological features confirmed the successful coating of NPs by vitamins A and E and their interaction with WG during film casting. The maximum swelling response was observed by NPs vitamin composite WG films than control films while slow release of vitamins and NPs from films was observed up to 24 h. WG films either carrying ZnO or Ag NPs, and vitamin A or E demonstrated significant antioxidant and antibacterial potential. The NPs-vitamin composite loaded WG films showed wound contraction within 14 days during in vivo burn wound healing experiments on mice model. The rates of wound healing, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition with fibroblast regeneration, adipocytes, and hair follicle development were observed through visual and histopathological examination. The study reveals that vitamin A or E doped ZnO or Ag NPs fabricated in WG can be efficiently used against burn wounds due to their physiochemical and biological properties. Furthermore the biocompatible nature and biodegradable potential make the films more prone to mankind maneuver for initial protection and healing remedy.
Hydrogen peroxide photo-fuel cells
Authors: Tada Hiroaki
Published: September 2023

H2O2-photofuel cell (PFC) is an important photoelectrochemical device contributing to the realization of a solar-driven clean energy cycle named the “hydrogen peroxide-keyed energy cycle” through combination with the photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis.
Biogenic engineered nanomaterials for enhancing bioavailability via developing nano-iron-fortified smart foods: advances, insight, and prospects of nanobionics in fortification of food
Authors: Rathee Shweta , Ojha Ankur , Upadhyay Ashutosh , Xiao Jianbo , Bajpai Vivek K. , Ali Sajad , Shukla Shruti
Published: September 2023

Iron deficiency is a significant cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA).
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES): translating cell biology to processing
Authors: Cajnko Miša Mojca , Vicente Filipa A. , Novak Uroš , Likozar Blaž
Published: September 2023

This review examines the possible functional roles of liquid natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) in plants and translating it to the laboratory.
Tuning the chemical composition of binary alloy nanoparticles to prevent their dissolution
Authors: Cipriano Luis A. , Kristoffersen Henrik H. , Munhos Renan L. , Pittkowski Rebecca , Arenz Matthias , Rossmeisl Jan
Published: September 2023

A model, DFT simulations on four types of atoms, and the electrochemical dissolution of immobilized nanoparticles were studied to describe how the dissolution process of binary nanoparticles is partially stopped by using a protective element.
On-surface synthesis and characterization of teranthene and hexanthene: ultrashort graphene nanoribbons with mixed armchair and zigzag edges
Authors: Borin Barin Gabriela , Di Giovannantonio Marco , Lohr Thorsten G. , Mishra Shantanu , Kinikar Amogh , Perrin Mickael L. , Overbeck Jan , Calame Michel , Feng Xinliang , Fasel Roman , Ruffieux Pascal
Published: September 2023

We present a detailed identification of molecular orbitals and vibrational modes of hexanthene and teranthene, assign their origin to armchair or zigzag edges, and discuss the chemical reactivity of these edges based on characteristic Raman spectral features.
Visible light activated energy storage in solid-state Azo-BF2 switches
Authors: Qiu Qianfeng , Qi Qingkai , Usuba Junichi , Lee Karina , Aprahamian Ivan , Han Grace G. D.
Published: September 2023

Visible-light-absorbing photoswitches based on the Azo-BF2 scaffold show reversible isomerization in the solid state, storing photon energy and releasing thermal energy on demand.
Nitrene transfer from a sterically confined copper nitrenoid dipyrrin complex
Authors: Carsch Kurtis M. , North Sasha C. , DiMucci Ida M. , Iliescu Andrei , Vojáčková Petra , Khazanov Thomas , Zheng Shao-Liang , Cundari Thomas R. , Lancaster Kyle M. , Betley Theodore A.
Published: September 2023

A dipyrrin-supported copper complex mediates C–H bond amination and aziridination of exogenous substrates using electron-deficient arylazides, proceeding through copper-nitrene adducts.
A techno-economic perspective on rigid and flexible perovskite solar modules
Authors: McGovern Lucie , Garnett Erik Christian , Veenstra Sjoerd , van der Zwaan Bob
Published: September 2023

What are the conditions for perovskite modules to become competitive against crystalline silicon? We perform a new techno-economic analysis of perovskite PV, where we calculate the LCOE of both rigid and flexible modules, and evaluate cost reductions.
Chemistry and pathways to net zero for sustainability
Authors: Matlin Stephen A. , Mehta Goverdhan , Cornell Sarah E. , Krief Alain , Hopf Henning
Published: September 2023

Chemistry has a vital role in enabling the reductions in greenhouse gases, stewardship of material resources and new production processes needed to bring net CO2 emissions to zero by 2050, keeping within 1.5 °C of global warming.
Retraction: A novel TMTP1-modified theranostic nanoplatform for targeted in vivo NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided chemotherapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Alifu Nuernisha , Ma Rong , Zhu Lijun , Du Zhong , Chen Shuang , Yan Ting , Alimu Gulinigaer , Zhang Linxue , Zhang Xueliang
Published: September 2023

Retraction of ‘A novel TMTP1-modified theranostic nanoplatform for targeted in vivo NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided chemotherapy for cervical cancer’ by Nuernisha Alifu et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022, 10, 506–517, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TB02481G.
Searching for temporary gamma-ray dark blazars associated with IceCube neutrinos
Authors: Kun E. , Bartos I. , Becker Tjus J. , Biermann P. L. , Franckowiak A. , Halzen F. , Mező Gy.
Published: September 2023

Context.Tensions between the diffuse gamma-ray sky observed by theFermiLarge Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) and the diffuse, high-energy neutrino sky detected by the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory raise questions about our knowledge of high-energy neutrino sources in the gamma-ray regime. While blazars are among the most energetic persistent particle accelerators in the Universe, studies suggest that they could account for up to 10–30% of the neutrino flux measured by IceCube.

Aims.Our recent results highlight that the associated IceCube neutrinos arrived in a local gamma-ray minimum (dip) of three strong neutrino point-source candidates. Here, we increase the sample of neutrino-source candidates in order to study their gamma-ray light curves.

Methods.We generated the one-yearFermi-LAT light curve for eight neutrino-source candidate blazars (RBS 0958, GB6 J1040+0617, PKS 1313-333, TXS 0506+056, PKS 1454-354, NVSS J042025-374443, PKS 0426-380, and PKS 1502+106), centered on the detection time of the associated IceCube neutrinos. We applied the Bayesian block algorithm to the light curves to characterize their variability.

Results.Our results indicate that GB6 J1040+0617 was in a phase of high gamma-ray activity, while none of the other seven neutrino-source candidates were statistically bright during the detection of the corresponding neutrinos; indeed, most of the time neutrinos arrived in a faint gamma-ray phase of the light curves. This suggests either that the eight source candidate blazars (associated with seven neutrino events) in our reduced sample are not the sources of the corresponding IceCube neutrinos, or that an in-source effect (e.g., the suppression of gamma rays due to high gamma-gamma opacity) complicates the multimessenger scenario of neutrino emission for these blazars.
Extended main-sequence turnoff and red clump in intermediate-age star clusters: A study of NGC 419
Authors: Dresbach F. , Massari D. , Lanzoni B. , Ferraro F. R. , Dalessandro E. , Libralato M. , Raso S.
Published: September 2023

With the goal of untangling the origin of extended main-sequence turnoffs (eMSTOs) and extended red clumps (eRCs) in star clusters, in this work we present the study of the intermediate-age cluster NGC 419, situated along the Bridge of the Small Magellanic Cloud. To this aim, we analyzed multi-epoch, high angular resolution observations acquired with the Hubble Space Telescope for this dynamically young cluster, which enabled the determination of precise proper motions and therefore the assessment of the cluster membership for each individual star in the field of view. With this unprecedented information at hand, we first studied the radial distribution of kinematically selected member stars in different eMSTO subregions. The absence of segregation supports the rotation scenario as the cause for the turnoff color extension and disfavors the presence of a prolonged period of star formation in the cluster. A similar analysis on the eRC of NGC 419 confirms the absence of segregation, providing further evidence against an age spread, which is at odds with previous investigations. Even so, the currently available evolutionary models including stellar rotation fail at reproducing the two photometric features simultaneously. We argue that either shortcomings in these models or a different origin for the red clump feature, such as a nonstandard differential mass loss along the red giant branch phase, are the only way to reconcile our observational findings with theoretical expectations.
Picking scheduling for single picker to multi-workstations of the part-to-picker order fulfilment system
Authors: Hu Jinchang , Wang Xin , Li Wenya , Yang Chenjing , Zhao Yitong
Published: September 2023

To reduce human resource costs, the part-to-picker order fulfilment systems may have a single picker in charge of multiple workstations. And the picking speed of the picker becomes faster as the picking number increases due to the learning effect in the picking operation. In this paper, the scheduling problem to optimizing picking sequence of the picker is presented to minimize the maximum picking time, where one picker is responsible for multiple workstations. The learning effect and travel time between workstations are taken into account to improve scheduling accuracy. Two mixed integer programming (MIP) models are proposed to solve the problem, namely the rank-based model and disjunctive model. The performance of the two Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) models has been evaluated, and it has been found that they are only capable of solving small-scale problems. The rank-based model is limited to solving problems with up to 9 groups, whereas the disjunctive model can handle up to 20 groups. Therefore, the disjunctive model outperforms the rank-based model. Moreover, this paper proposes Interval Insertion NEH (IINEH) and iterative greedy (IG) algorithm to solve the large-scale problem. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the two methods to solve the problem, where IINEH operates faster while IG gives better results. Therefore, when faced with a large-scale problem, IINEH is recommended if a quick solution is needed. If better optimization results are needed, the decision maker can choose IG.
Epitheliales Ovarialkarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: September 2023

Die Angiogenese ist ein komplexer Prozess mit vielen Playern. Dem endothelialen Wachstumsfaktor VEGF kommt dabei eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Seine Blockade mit dem monoklonalen Antikörper Bevacizumab verbesserte den klinischen Outcome von Ovarialkarzinomen. Eine Studiengruppe aus Österreich analysierte nun die Transkriptionsregulation von VGEF und 6 weiteren Angiogenesefaktoren und entwickelte einen Score, der zur Risikostratifizierung von Patientinnen mit epithelialen Ovavarialkarzinomen herangezogen werden könnte.
Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms Behind the Devastating Impact of the ALK Protein on Pediatric Cancers: Insights into Deleterious SNPs through In Silico Predictions, Molecular Docking, and Dynamics Studies
Authors: Almazroea Abdulhadi
Published: September 2023

Introduction Pediatric cancers present significant challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment, and the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein has emerged as a crucial molecular target in these malignancies. ALK, a receptor tyrosine kinase, plays a vital role in normal cellular processes, but genetic alterations and aberrant activation of the ALK gene have been implicated in various pediatric cancer types. While genetic alterations have been well studied, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of the ALK protein in pediatric cancers remain poorly understood.

Objective In this study, the primary objective is to uncover the molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of deleterious single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the structure and functionality of the ALK protein.

Material and Methods Several known point mutations of the ALK protein were taken for the in silico predictions such as PolyPhen-2, SIFT, PANTHER, PredictSNP, etc., residue conservation analysis using Consurf server, molecular docking (AutoDock), and molecular dynamics simulation studies (GROMACS).

Results The computation predictions found that the studied variants are deleterious in different tools. The residue conservation analysis reveals all the variants are located in highly conserved regions. The molecular docking study of wild-type and mutant structures with the crizotinib drug molecule found the variants were modulating the binding cavity and had a strong impact on the binding affinity. The binding energy of the wild-type is –5.896 kcal/mol, whereas the mutants have –9.988 kcal/mol. The specific amino acid Ala1200 of wild-type was found to interact with crizotinib, and Asp1203 residue was found to interact predominantly in the mutant structures.

Conclusion The simulation study differentiates the variants in terms of structural stability and residue fluctuation. Among the studied variants, R1275Q, F1245V, and F1174L had strong deleterious effects, structural changes, and pathogenicity based on the in silico predictions. By elucidating the functional consequences of deleterious mutations within the ALK gene, this research may uncover novel therapeutic targets and personalized medicine approaches for the management of pediatric cancers. Ultimately, gaining insights into the molecular mechanisms of the ALK protein's role in driving response and resistance will contribute to improving patient outcomes and advancing our understanding of this complex disease.
Insulinoma-Associated Protein 1 (INSM1) Expression in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Newly Discovered Diagnostic Marker
Authors: Vanik Sangita A. , Jetly Dhaval , Dhandapani Karthik
Published: September 2023

Introduction Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous group of neoplasms with relatively low incidence. Diagnosis of NENs requires an integrated approach of histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular study. In the present study, we evaluated insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) expression in NENs and correlated it with other established neuroendocrine markers.

Materials and Method Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center. Consecutively, 100 cases from year November 2019 to January 2021 were enrolled in the study and all relevant data were noted.

Results The mean (±standard deviation) age of the patients was 55.5 (±10.6) years with a male preponderance. Total 59% of the tumors were located in the lung of which 67% were poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. INSM1 were positive in 97% cases, while synaptophysin (SYN) in 96% and chromogranin A (CgA) in 86%. Correlation of INSM1 expression with SYN and CgA was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). Mean H-score of INSM1 was significantly higher than SYN and CgA and it was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001).

Conclusion In the present study, the expression of INSM1 was seen in 97% cases of NENs. A statistically significant association was found between INSM1 and traditional NE markers. As a nuclear marker it is easy to interpret and it showed higher H-score. We conclude that INSM1 is a highly sensitive marker and recommend to incorporate it in the routine practice to aid in the diagnostic workup. However, a larger cohort is required to establish the organ-specific sensitivity and specificity of INSM1.
Halal-organic meat: a successful business and humanitarian model
Authors: Prince Sheikh Ashiqurrahman , Wahid Ishraat Saira
Published: September 2023

This study develops a conceptual model that investigates how self-determination needs, religiosity, and features of halal-organic meat influence consumer satisfaction and meat-purchasing behavior; these in turn affect healthy life expectancy, health- and food-related quality, and tranquility of life. In Bangladesh, a Muslim-majority country, organic meat producers usually sell halal meat without certifying or labeling it as such. According to the study, if meat producers market products that are both halal and organic, they will appeal to Muslim customers in religious and health-related contexts. This may lead to a significant increase in meat sales, thereby assisting more businesses in profits. The study used Purposive sampling to collect 985 data points from consumers who buy organic meat through four marketing channels: supermarkets, municipality corporate markets, open-air markets, and online markets. The data were analyzed using SmartPls 3.0. The results confirm that five independent variables—autonomy, competency, relatedness, religiosity, and halal-organic food—directly and positively influence consumers’ satisfaction with and continuance of halal-organic meat-purchasing behavior. The study also suggests that consumer satisfaction positively impacts halal-organic meat-purchasing behavior. This positively and significantly influences three dependent variables: consumers’ desire to maintain a healthy life expectancy, health- and food-related quality, and tranquility of life. The findings further indicate that halal-organic meat-purchasing behavior mediates the relationships between the study’s five independent variables and three dependent variables. This study investigates the new, growing theory of self-determination in relation to organic and halal food-purchasing research, which few studies have investigated. Although the literature surrounding halal and organic meat is not new, this study is the first to combine these two fields into a distinct body of knowledge. Furthermore, this is the first study to introduce the constructs of tranquility and life expectancy in organic and halal food-purchasing behavioral research.
Sport–gender stereotypes and their impact on impression evaluations
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Shentu Menglu , Xue Yuhan , Yin Yike , Wang Zhihao , Tang Liangchen , Zhang Yu , Zheng Weiqi
Published: September 2023

Sports have traditionally had gendered connotations in society and culture, resulting in solidified gender stereotypes that influence impression evaluations. China has a special gender social culture; however, how sport–gender stereotypes (SGS) influence the gender evaluation of people in China in the Global South is still unknown. This study obtained gender-typed sports and attribute adjectives and proved the existence of SGS through a pilot study (392 college students, n1 = 207, n2 = 185) and then used two studies to explore the influence of both explicit and implicit SGS on evaluations and compared the differences between these stereotypes and general gender stereotypes. Study 1 (395 college students, n1a = 192, n1b = 203) examined the explicit level using a questionnaire experiment. The results of two experiments showed that (1) stereotype-consistent targets were more masculine or feminine in correspondence with their gender, while stereotype-inconsistent targets had higher anti-gender traits; and (2) the inclusion of stereotype-consistent sports activities led targets to be evaluated as more masculine, while stereotype-inconsistent sport activities showed gender evaluation reversal, especially for women. Study 2 (103 college students, n2a = 61, n2b = 42) measured the implicit attitudes using the Implicit Association Test. The results of two experiments showed that (1) implicit evaluations of stereotype-consistent targets were associated faster than stereotype-inconsistent targets and (2) the inclusion of gender-typed sports weakened implicit gender evaluations. In conclusion, this is the first quantitative study to explore the unique effect of SGS on individual evaluations and how they differ from general gender stereotypes in the Chinese context. These findings could provide valuable insights for research and the application of sports social science and physical education.