bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Nepalese post graduate students’ errors in writing research proposals
Authors: Paudel Pitambar
Published: November 2022

With the change in socio-political and educational contexts in global academia, the trend of writing academic papers has arisen among Nepali students and educators in higher education. However, many of them are still unfamiliar with the basic standard to be incorporated in an academic paper. In this context, this study examined the post-graduate students’ errors in writing research proposals. A textual analysis method was employed, where quantitative phase of analysis was followed by qualitative, and the data were collected from 24 purposively selected research proposals and from the interview with 10 students. The quantitative data were gathered from content analysis of the research proposals and qualitative data were collected from the unstructured interview. The collected proposals were studied, erroneous expressions were listed and categorized in to four parameters like grammatical errors, lexical semantic errors, mechanic errors and syntactic errors. The information from the interview was recorded, noted and analyzed. The results exhibited that (1) article and preposition usages were more persistent grammatical errors; (2) run-ons and fragmentation were more reiterated syntactic errors; and (3) uses of single lexical items were more common lexical-semantic errors and punctuation was the more regular mechanical errors. These findings reveal that students have insufficient knowledge and skills for academic writing. Therefore, they need academic writing courses, training, or workshops from the early level of their schooling. The findings of this study are useful for curriculum designers, policymakers, instructors, and students because it provides significant information on the building blocks experienced by English language learners in writing research paper.
Identifying acoustic cues for dialect profiling: Policing in multilingual communities of India
Authors: Toppo Ravina , Sinha Sweta
Published: November 2022

A multilingual country such as India with numerous languages and dialects provides fertile grounds for evasive language crimes. From threat letters to ransom demands, the scope of crime is huge. The cases of illegal immigrants have only added to the fragility of international boundaries especially, during political upheavals. This leads to further vulnerability of society and also creates challenges for the police and law enforcement agencies towards timely intervention. The purpose of the study is to exhibit dialectal variation in Indian English by comparing two varieties. The current paper is based on the acoustic analysis of Indian English spoken by two distinct groups with different mother tongues. Ten native speakers of Hindi and Bangla were recorded in an anechoic chamber. A phonetically balanced passage was selected to be read. The analysis is based on Native Language Influence Detection (Perkins Grant, 2018) to derive acoustic phonetic correlates that can be used as significant identifying markers to distinguish Indian English speakers of Bangla and Hindi speech communities. The paper highlights that dialect profiling in the Indian context can be efficiently correlated with formant frequencies and Voice Onset Time for speech data. Acoustic analysis was done on PRAAT. PRAAT was used in this study because it has often been used by other similar studies to measure desired acoustic parameters simultaneously. Formant frequencies were measured at the midpoint of the vowels in the PRAAT using the LPC formant measurement algorithm. The normalization procedure was applied to the measured formant frequencies of vowels. The research affirms that acoustic analysis can provide verifiable cues for NLID. The framework can be used in the detection of native language influence in speech-centric criminal cases. The acoustic analysis shows that Indian English has subvarieties that could help in dialect profiling. The variation in Indian English vowel patterns could be due to the influence of the native language of the speakers.
Nominal groups in deaf and hearing students’ narratives: A functional perspective
Authors: Manar Marsandi
Published: November 2022

Understanding the language aspect of deaf students in reference to their hearing counterparts plays a salient role in providing language teaching and learning treatment for the former.  As the initial effort to contribute to the language pedagogy for individuals with deafness, this study reveals the patterns of nominal groups in the Indonesian narratives of four deaf senior high school students and four hearing students of the same level.  A qualitative text analysis was adopted as the research design to investigate the nominal group patterns in both data sets. Eight narratives about “being chased by a dog” were first identified in terms of their schematic structure. Then the ‘things’ or ‘participants’ in the stories were analysed based on the experiential nominal group framework of Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), consisting of Deictic, Numerative, Epithet, Classifier, Thing, and Qualifier.  The analysis of nominal group patterns shows that ‘participants’ in the four stories of deaf writers were most frequently represented with Thing only (76.9%), Thing + Deictic (17.9%), Thing + Qualifier (3.8%), and Thing + Epithet (1.3%).  In the compositions of their hearing peers, five other patterns were also employed, including those with three constituents like Thing + Deictic + Qualifier. The findings of this study hint at the simplified nature of deaf students’ nominal groups. In narratives, complex nominal group patterns contribute to representing things specifically. It is expected that further treatment can be provided to assist deaf students in making meaning of their narratives functionally, for example, by using complex nominal group patterns.
Detection and effectiveness of treatment of myofascial pain and temporomandibular joint pathologies in adult patients with orthodontic pathology
Authors: Fazylova Tatiana A. , Ilyin Alexander A. , Olesov Egor E. , Radzishevsky Boris M. , Movsesyan Vagarshak G. , Olesova Valentina N.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: At the orthodontists clinic, patients with pain in the maxillofacial region and internal disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are not uncommon. These pathological conditions are characterized by the complexity of interdisciplinary therapy and frequent recurrence.
AIM: To analyze the detectability and effectiveness of treatment of myofascial pain disorders and internal disorders of the TMJ in adult patients with dental anomalies.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Case histories of 300 adult patients with dental anomalies who underwent examination and treatment in a multidisciplinary dental clinic were retrospectively analyzed. The study included patients who received orthodontic treatment for at least 5 years. The prevalence and structure of internal disorders of the TMJ and myofascial pain disorders were assessed, and their correlation was analyzed.
RESULTS: Orthodontic treatment was more often needed by patients with myofascial pain (71.5%), followed by those with myofascial facial pain syndrome (28.3%). In these patients, internal TMJ disorders and maxillary anomalies of class II according to Engl with unilateral distal occlusion, deep bite, and class I with crowding of teeth were more often detected. Internal TMJ disorders with concomitant myofascial pain disorders in the form of myofascial pain were observed in 82.4% of the patients. Myofascial pain disorders without internal TMJ disorders were registered in 17.4% of the patients. The overall effectiveness of the treatment of internal TMJ disorders and myofascial pain disorders was 46.4%, no lasting improvement was observed in 35.7%, deterioration was recorded in 17.8%, and relapses were noted in 60.7%. In the treatment of myofascial pain disorders without internal TMJ disorders, the overall effectiveness of treatment was 5.5%; stabilization, 50.0%; and deterioration, 44.4%.
CONCLUSION: Myofascial facial pain is very difficult to treat. The combination with internal TMJ disorders creates significant and sometimes insurmountable difficulties in the orthodontic treatment of adults. All these forces specialists to look for new approaches to optimizing orthodontic treatment of TMJ pathology and myofascial pain disorders.
Estimates of the ground accelerations at Point Reyes Station during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
Authors: Anooshehpoor Abdolrasool , Heaton Thomas H. , Shi Baoping , Brune James N.
Published: November 2022

We have developed an analytical solution for the rocking and overturning response of a two-dimensional, symmetric rigid block subject to a full sine wave of horizontal ground acceleration. We use this solution to provide lower-bound estimates of the peak ground acceleration at Point Reyes Station, California, during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake that toppled the San Francisco-bound train. Our results, for a 3% damping ratio, indicate that for a single cycle of a sine wave the minimum toppling accelerations at 1, 1.5, and 2 Hz are 0.35g, 0.5g, and 1.05g, respectively. For more realistic accelerograms the toppling accelerations are about 1.1g (complex synthetic) and 0.76g (Lucerne record of the 1992 Landers earthquake).
Multimodal function optimization with a niching genetic algorithm: A seismological example
Authors: Koper Keith D. , Wysession Michael E. , Wiens Douglas A.
Published: November 2022

We present a variant of a traditional genetic algorithm, known as a niching genetic algorithm (NGA), which is effective at multimodal function optimization. Such an algorithm is useful for geophysical inverse problems that contain more than one distinct solution. We illustrate the utility of an NGA via a multimodal seismological inverse problem: the inversion of teleseismic body waves for the source parameters of the MW 7.2 Kuril Islands event of 2 February 1996. We assume the source to be a pure double-couple event and so parametrize our models in terms of strike, dip, and slip, guaranteeing that two global minima exist, one of which represents the fault plane and the other the auxiliary plane. We use ray theory to compute the fundamental P and SH synthetic seismograms for a given source-receiver geometry; the synthetics for an arbitrary fault orientation are produced by taking linear combinations of these fundamentals, yielding a computationally fast forward problem. The NGA is successful at determining that two major solutions exist and at maintaining the solutions in a steady state. Several inferior solutions representing local minima of the objective function are found as well. The two best focal solutions we find for the Kuril Islands event are very nearly conjugate planes and are consistent with the focal planes reported by the Harvard CMT project. The solutions indicate thrust movement on a moderately dipping fault—a source typical of the convergent margin near the Kuril Islands.
Crustal deformation processes and the stability of the Gutenberg-Richter relationship
Authors: Wesnousky Steven G.
Published: November 2022

Global and regional surveys of earthquakes show that empirically determined b-values of the Gutenberg-Richter distribution are remarkably stable, generally limited to values of −1 ± 0.2. Here I interpret observations from California, New Zealand, and Japan to suggest that the stability of the b-value is a manifestation of a physical process; specifically, the tendency of crustal strains to organize along relatively discrete zones. Given a portion of the earth's crust subject to a displacement field, displacement is accommodated by a system of fault lengths that obey a power law distribution. With continued displacement, longer faults develop at the expense of shorter faults and take up an increasingly greater portion of the displacement budget. Shifts in regional displacement directions lead to reversals of these trends. The changes in the ratio of long faults to short faults in a region is thus accompanied by changes in the relationship between fault length and fault slip rate. Because the recurrence of earthquakes on faults is a function of both fault length and fault slip rate, the deformation process may result in a system of feedback that inhibits changes in the b-value as fault populations change. A corollary to the idea is that the magnitude-frequency statistics of seismicity may be attributed to the same physical processes that are responsible for the development of plate tectonic boundaries and the gross spatial distribution of seismicity around the globe.
Recent advances in pharmaceutical, chemical and biological sciences
Authors: Nerkar Amit Gajanan , Dumbre Rahul Kondaji
Published: November 2022

Webinar was organized on Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences on 15 Oct 2022. There were at total 8 speakers including the Chief Guest for the Webinar. Dr. Rahul K. Dumbre, Principal of CAYMET Siddhant College of Pharmacy, Sudumbare, Pune, M.S., India was the Convener for the Webinar. Dr. Amit G. Nerkar, Professor and Research Head, Siddhant College of Pharmacy and Founder and Director, Ateos Foundation of Science Education and Research, Pune, M.S., India was the Co-convener for the Webinar. At total 100 participants attended 8 sessions. The function started with Inauguration and concluded with Vote of Thanks by the Co-convener.
Between Hegemony and Federalism. The Prussian Plans to Create the North German Imperial Confederation in the Summer of 1806
Authors: Sterkhov Dmitry
Published: November 2022

The article is focused on Prussian attempts to separate the North German territories from the rest of the Holy Roman Empire during the summer months of 1806 with the aim of creating a North German Imperial Confederation under the Prussian protection. The reasons behind the possible foundation of the North German Imperial Confederation as well as the journalistic activities around this Prussian project are also in the centre of attention. The structure of the supposed North German Confederation are analyzed on the basis of plans and projects elaborated by the Prussian politicians and diplomats in July and August 1806. The deliberations over the joining to the Confederation were conducted by the Prussian government with the Electors of Hesse and Saxony as well as with the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg, Lübeck and Bremen which were supposed to become the major members of the Prussian-dominated North German state. The analysis has shown that the Prussian government considered the possible North German Imperial Confederation as thelegal successor of the Holy Roman Empire, with Habsburgs being replaced by the Hohenzollern dynasty. The Prussian claims on the inheritance of the Holy Roman Empire and on the hegemony in the Northern Germany were met with discontent on the part of Hesse and especially Saxony, which impelled the Prussian politicians to repeatedly modify their projects, adding more elements of federalism to them. Despite all the concessions, Prussia eventually failed to unite the Northern Germany under its protection. The reasons for this lie both in the separatism of the North German principalities and cities, and in inner inconsistency and crudity of the Prussian projects. France and Great Britain also impeded the Prussian plans since neither of them was interested in a separate North German state under Prussian control. Napoleon's refusal to support Prussia's attempts to unify the Northern Germany was used by the Prussian government as a pretext to declare war on France in October 1806 which ended with dramatic Prussian defeat. Despite the fact that the Prussian plans to create a North German Imperial Confederation in the summer of 1806 were never realized, this was one of the many possible ways of the evolution of the German statehood in the early 19th century. It was finally put into practice half a century later, in the form of the North German Confederation in 1866.
Dresden Conference 1850—1851 in the Coverage of Russian Envoys to the German Kingdoms
Authors: Datsenko Pavel
Published: November 2022

The article examines the views of Russian envoys to the German states on the Dresden Conference 1850—1851, the purpose of which was to discuss draft reforms of the German Union. Numerous reports in which Russian diplomats reported on the preparation and course of the conference, covered its various aspects and changes in the policy of the German cabinets, constitute a valuable body of sources for studying the foreign policy of the Russian Empire to the German Confederation and the degree of its influence on the discussion about the ways of its development. The main attention is paid to the reports of Russian envoys at the four German kingdoms: Bavaria, Saxony, Hanover and Württemberg, since it was the group of states that was the most active participants in the conference and at the same time the authors of the most controversial proposals and projects from Russia's point of view. Based on the materials of these reports, those aspects of the Dresden Conference and the evaluation of its results that were of the greatest interest to the Russian envoys are revealed.
Krokodil against Uncle Sam: the American Other in Soviet Cartoons at the Beginning of the Cold War (1947—1960)
Authors: Zhuravleva Victoriya
Published: November 2022

The main focus of this article is political cartoons from Krokodil — the Soviet flagship satirical magazine. The author uses social constructivism as a lens to analyze U.S.-Soviet relations through political cartoons which serve as a peculiar, but valuable primary source. The article focuses primarily on the works of prominent Soviet artists, i.e., the Kukryniksy, Boris Efimov, Yury Ganf, Boris Leo, Ivan Semyonov, Vitaly Goryaev, and Mark Abramov, all of whom were mobilized by the Soviet propaganda in the Cold War of images with the USA. The author traces the role of political cartoon as a litmus test of the changing bilateral relations from the early Cold War to the first international Thaw at the end of the 1950-s, dissects a repertoire of images of the US, and identifies the constant and the variable in the equation of Soviet perception. Among the “constant,” unchanging communicative strategies, were dichotomies “internationalism vs. racism and imperialism,” “disarmament vs. arms race,” “peaceful intentions vs. military propaganda,” “prosperity for all vs. wealth for the elites,” “social guaranties vs. poverty and unemployment.” The variables, meaning characteristics that served as an indicator of transformation in U.S.-Soviet relations, included expanding the repertoire of images and contexts, as well as the decreasing number of anti-American cartoons almost to the point of non-existence. The mutual interest of American and Soviet cartoonists toward each other was also notable as they aspired to understand satire produced “on the other side” and learn to mock mutual stereotypes. All these trends remained later and marked the beginning of the détente as well as new tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Yevgeny Evtushenko’s Poem “Where’s the Plot?” of 1952: Historical Context and Propagandistic Aim
Authors: Nagornaya Margarita
Published: November 2022

The researchers focus on the historical background to E. Evtushenko’s poem “Where’s the plot?” and regard the text as a sort of political declamation caused by the arrest of two famous French communists — André Stil and Jacques Duclos — in May 1952. It is also that the propagandistic target of the poem was to discredit the French Government and the Supreme Allied Commander Europe, general M. Ridgway, who was visiting Paris in May 1952. Another political aim was to make it evident for Soviet readers that the communist movement is much more powerful than estimated by its opponents.
Foreign Military Formations in Russia during the First World and Civil Wars
Authors: Vishnyakov Yaroslav
Published: November 2022

The article reveals one of the controversial topics in the history of the early 20th century — the participation of foreign military units in the First World War and the Civil War in Russia. The authors revealed the main points of the creation of national formations as part of the Russian imperial army. Particular attention is paid to the problem of choosing by the command and personnel of these units of their “place” in the conditions of the civil confrontation caused by the revolutionary upheavals of 1917 in the expanses of the former Russian Empire. This choice was driven by a number of important factors. These are the features of the internal structure and management that had developed within the units and subunits by October 1917; it is also a factor of being in a certain territory by the time the Bolsheviks came to power; this is the desire of the opposing governments to use national units as their strike forces at the time of the formation of the white and red armies. A detailed study and analysis of these historical plots becomes relevant in the field of studying the problems of the development of national movements in the critical period of national history.
Migration and Terrorism: Dynamic Interaction
Authors: Novikova Olga
Published: November 2022

The paper addresses the issue of the migration-terrorism intersection. Research indicates that immigration does not unconditionally promote terrorism in European countries but the article also draws our attention to the problem of radicalisation of immigrants in receiving countries. At the same time, it is reported that the fear over immigrants made them targets of terrorist attacks by far-right natives. It is specially noted that the ‘securitization’ of migration is potentially counterproductive. It is stressed that a balanced approach to migration and counterterrorism migration policies is needed.
The Main Trends in the Implementation of the Third Dimension of UK Public Diplomacy in the Asian Countries of the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Sevriuk Vladislav
Published: November 2022

In the paper, author identified the main trends related to the scientific and educational track of public diplomacy in the UK. The main directions of joint research of British universities and Asian universities are highlighted, the impact of the pandemic on academic mobility is studied, key partners in the scientific and educational track are identified. The study presents statistical data on the number of study visas issued and the countries with the largest exports of students to the United Kingdom in the period 2019—2021. Special attention is paid to the activities of the British Council in the states of the region. In particular, the author analyzed its scholarships, grant programs and international interuniversity initiatives.
International Guarantees of Belgium’s Neutrality on the Eve of Franco-Prussian War 1870—1871: Position of Russia
Authors: Khorosheva Aleksandra
Published: November 2022

Based on the materials of the documents of the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, the article analyzes the position of Russia in relation to the problem of Belgium’s neutrality on the eve of the Franco-Prussian war of 1870—1871. The diplomatic correspondence used as the main source shows that although the security of Belgium was guaranteed in the 1830s by the great powers, the neutral State was involved in a complex political game between the main opponents in the impending conflict. The reports of the ambassadors in Brussels make it possible to draw a conclusion about the high role of Russia in trying to prevent the violation of international treaties and show its interest in maintaining Belgian neutrality as important part of the European balance of power.
Challenges of the Global Transition to the Use of Clean Carbon-Free Energy for Russia in the 21st Century
Authors: Mishchenko Yana
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the current situation in the Russian energy sector from the viewpoint of the country's readiness to join the process of «energy transition» developing in the world. The characteristics are given and the key features of the structure of primary energy consumption in Russia at the present stage are identified. For a more comprehensive analysis, a comparison with similar indicators of a number of foreign countries is carried out. The official documentation base, which is designed to create the legal basis for the «decarbonization» of the Russian economy, is being analyzed. The attitude of the Russian Federation to the problem of combating global climate change is considered. The hypothesis is put forward that Russia is strategically ready to actively participate in the global processes of achieving low-carbon sustainable development. However, in the context of choosing tactics for the implementation of this task, it relies mainly on a conservative approach and a balanced optimal combination of various hydrocarbon and low-carbon energy sources. Russia's main goal in the context of the ongoing energy transition is to keep up technologically with developed countries but at the same time to meet its economic interests as a leading exporter of fossil fuels.
Karl Vladimirovich Knorring (?—1871), Russian Diplomat: Some Amendments to Track Records
Authors: Shatokhina-Mordvintseva Galina
Published: November 2022

Based on data from the track record of Karl Vladimirovich Knorring, a russian diplomat, envoy to The Hague, stored in the depository of the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, the article presents in chronological order all his personnel appointments, reconstructed biography extended by information about family ties of representatives of the Knorring family, originating from Estland (Estlyandskaya guberniya), and about their hereditary possessions in the Ostsee region. On the basis of available genealogical books and genealogical sites, biographical dictionaries, entries in track records the author attempted to clarify the date of birth of Karl Vl. Knorring, by analyzing the current variability in this matter and pointing out obvious inconsistencies.
“A Second Ireland”: Palestine in the Eyes of the British Military (1936—1939)
Authors: Malkin Stanislav
Published: November 2022

The article analyses the gaps and ties between the doctrine and theory, in contrast with the practice, of countering subversive movements in the British Empire within the frame of the example of the Arab rebellion of 1936—1939. Contradictions between security services on this question, objectivated by the experience of the Irish war of independence of 1919—1921 took for granted as referenced, led to the articulation and promotion of different models of counterinsurgency instead of the unified “British way” of resolving that problem. In the light of this the research contains an analysis of the “guerrilla warfare concept” evolution within the military thought in the second half of the 1930s, reflecting different thoughts on interrelated problems of the “revolutionary movements” and “sub-war” on the overseas territories, including Palestine. Particular attention is paid for military and political incentives and constrains of the counterinsurgency doctrine, reflected bureaucratic logic which stood behind the implementation of the guerrilla warfare concept at the levels of doctrine and theory in the context of the systemic crisis of empire and the growth of external pressure over the questions of the imperial defense and self-determination for the colonies.
The Problem of the Chinese Revolution in Soviet-British Relations 1925—1927 (a View from Moscow and London)
Authors: Sergeev Evgeny
Published: November 2022

The essay deals with a comparative analysis of Soviet and British diplomatic activities in China during the so-called second, nationalist revolution of 1925—1927. The author consistently examines the goals and objectives of Moscow and London in the Far East, focusing on the common features and differences of the views and opinions expressed by various factions among power elites in both countries. Much attention is also paid to highlighting the modification of Soviet and British regional policy while taking into consideration the existence of the Versailles-Washington world order.
“A Military Alliance Can Not Exist Without an Economic Alliance”: The New Economic Policy in the Light of Constitutional Framing in the USSR
Authors: Aleshkovski Ivan
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of the influence of the new economic policy on the constitutional framing in the USSR, which is little studied in Russian historiography. The aim of the article is to study the views of the party and government leadership at the all-union and republic levels on the problem of incorporating the principles of the new economic policy into the Basic Law on the basis of published and archival sources, as well as a wide range of research literature. Since the republics’ constitutions prevailed over the all-Union constitution in terms of including economic foundations and regulating economic life, considerable attention is paid to the history of creation as well as to the forms and features of the development of constitutional drafts of the State Planning Commission and the RSFSR Council of People's Commissars. The original versions, which contained articles on the foundations of the republic's economic system and on the strengthening of the legal basis of the NEP reforms, were not reflected in the final text of the 1925 RSFSR Constitution. The reason for this was the ideological bias of the party leaders and the uncertainty of the prospects of the NEP development. The NEP was recognized as a necessary condition for the restoration and development of the country's economy, but it was by no means an effective tool for building socialism in the historical perspective. In the opinion of the party and government leaders of the country, the NEP entailed too many political risks and dangers; that is why it was not expedient to include its basic provisions in such a long-term system-forming document as the USSR Constitution of 1924.
Between the Gap and Continuity: Comparison of the Iranian Policy of the Russian Empire and the RSFSR/USSR in the Works of Early Soviet Publicists
Authors: Larin Andrey
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the specifics of the formation of early Soviet discourse in relation to Soviet policy in the East, in particular in Iran. Based on the analysis of journalistic materials published at the turn of the 1910—1920s, the representations of the policy of the Russian Empire and the RSFSR/USSR in Iran are compared. It is shown that, despite the desire of Soviet authors to demonstrate the gap in the political line of the two states, the influence of cultural tradition and the need to solve pressing political problems inevitably led to the preservation of a certain continuity both in the rhetorical field and in the sense of practical politics.
Factors of Dynamics of Global Political Processes
Authors: Ilyin Ilya
Published: November 2022

The article highlights the factors that have either a retarding or accelerating effect on the dynamics of global political processes. The factors that have a retarding effect on the dynamics of global political processes include the following: growing income inequality and social stratification within most countries of the world; the erosion of democracy and the decline in popularity of the Western liberal model of development as a reference model; the growth of support for populism policies; the conflict between globalization and the national interests of the State, especially exacerbated during the pandemic; the policy of protectionism; the crisis of global governance; the spread of ideas of anti-globalism. These factors provoke the trend of globalization. Factors that influence the acceleration of the dynamics of global political processes: increasing inequality between countries and intensifying competition between them; digitalization; an increase in the number and aggravation of global problems, among which climate change occupies a special place; the crisis in the field of global health (all this shows the need for integration and cooperation of countries to overcome them); global migration; expansion of the number of non-state actors; the emergence of the phenomenon of hybrid warfare and the changing nature of conflicts; a new concept of security; the expansion of global consciousness and the ideology of globalism; the idea of multipolarity. These factors prevail in the overall balance and give rise to a tendency of accelerated movement towards a multipolar polycentric world. The interaction of these two groups of factors generates an unstable and nonlinear nature of the dynamics of global political processes. The most important consequence of the acceleration of the dynamics of global political processes is the gradual emergence of a new configuration of the geopolitical landscape and the transformation of the global geopolitical space, the change in the ratio of geopolitical forces and the shift of the center of gravity from West to East.
Legislation of the USSR and the RSFSR on Natural Resources and Nature Protection in 1964—1982: Main Features
Authors: Golichenkov Aleksander
Published: November 2022

The article presents an analysis of the 1964—1982 legislation of the Soviet Union and the Russian SFSR (RSFSR) on natural resources and nature protection. Based on the analysis of all normative legal acts and other documents adopted during this period, the authors managed to identify the main features of its development. They used the legal reference assistance system “Consultant Plus” while working on the article. In their previous articles, the authors have already studied the main features of the Soviet and Russian legislation on natural resources and nature protection of earlier periods (of 1917—1941, 1941—1953 and 1953—1964).
General provisions on digital rights
Authors: Podolsky Georgy
Published: November 2022

Active legislative activity in the field of regulation of digital technologies and the legal institutions that appear with them forms a huge number of disputes regarding a new phenomenon for civil turnover - digital rights. The author set out to investigate the legal essence and nature of these objects, which distinguishes them from all known objects of civil rights, the legal nature of which is defined and enshrined in law. The uniqueness of digital rights, mediated by the special features of such rights, allows them to be separately noted in the system of domestic law. In turn, such allocation requires careful work on the development of completely new legal mechanisms for regulating the existence and circulation of digital rights.
Legal nature of monetary reward under surrogacy agreement
Authors: Verkhovskaya Anna
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the consideration of the current problem of insufficient regulatory regulation of relations in the field of surrogacy in relation to the monetary reward of a surrogate mother. It should be noted that the action of the legislator largely lag behind the needs of practice, which causes many legal disputes over the nature of the surrogacy contract, subjective rights and obligations of the parties, the consequences of improper fulfillment of obligations taking into account the specifics of legal relations. The purpose of this article is to identify the gaps in legislation that the parties to the surrogacy agreement face when it is executed when disputes arise over the monetary remuneration of the surrogate mother. Legal status of the parties to the contract, features of payment for surrogate mother services under various circumstances taking into account the booming practice depend on the legal nature of the surrogacy contract.
School textbooks and curriculum in Japan in the first decade after the end of the occupation period
Authors: Romanenko Daniil
Published: November 2022

After World War II, large-scale reforms were carried out in Japan, the purpose of which, as set by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, was the democratization of the country. The reforms of the education system consisted of its decentralization and increasing access to education. However, a number of innovations introduced were not supported by conservative politicians who actively promoted initiatives to revise the laws of the occupation period in the first decade after its end. The pretext was the inefficiency, according to traditionalists, of the activities of a number of new bodies created to implement the tasks of the reforms. This article is devoted to one of the important directions of conservative reorganizations – reforms of school textbooks' content and textbook authorization system. In this paper, the establishment of the monopoly of the Ministry of Education on the authorization of school textbooks in the context of the growing centralization of the education system will be considered, the issue of implementation of governmental censorship of textbook contents will be raised, and its consequences will be described.
Judicial Preview sebagai Mekanisme Penakaran Konstitusionalitas Rancangan Undang-Undang
Authors: Yulianto Alfian
Published: November 2022

Judicial preview adalah suatu mekanisme pengujian konstitusionalitas suatu produk hukum yang belum di sahkan sebagai undang-undang sebagai upaya untuk menjaga kualitas dan konstitusionalitas suatu produk hukum. Fokus dari skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah judicial preview layak untuk diberlakukan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library reasearch) yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan  bersifat diskriptif anailitis. yaitu dengan studi kepustakaan berupa mengumpulkan data sekunder dengan bahan-bahan tulisan baik berupa peraturan perundang-undangan serta literatur-literatur terkait dengan pengujian peraturan perundang-undangan. Temuan dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa judicial preview layak diberlakukan di Indonesia. guna membenahi dan meningkatkan kualitas produk hukum di Indonesia, Untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan konsistensi suatu undang-undang terhadap konstitusi sekaligus sebagai kontrol atas kinerja DPR serta co-legislator lainnya, maka perlu diadakan perubahan dalam mekanisme legislasi baru di Indonesia, dan mekanisme tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan konsep judicial preview dalam proses legislasi di Indonesia.  melihat banyaknya problematika yang terjadi di dalam pembentukan undang-undang di Indonesia, mulai dari kepentingan yang tidak untuk kepentingan umum sampai kurang medalamnya pemahaman dan pengimplementasian konstitusi oleh pembuat undang-undang maka dangat tepat jika diberlakukan Judicial preview. Dalam memasukkan judicial preview kedalam mekanisme legislasi di Indonesia, yakni ketika telah terbentuknya kesepakatan antara DPR dengan Presiden maka pimpinan DPR mengajukan judicial preview ke Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk menguji konstitusionalitas suatu rancangan undang-undang. Kemudian setelah Mahkamah Konstitusi menyatakan suatu rancangan undang-undang tersebut sesuai dengan konstitusi, maka baru DPR bersama dengan Presiden menandatangani pengesahan undang-undang tersebut.
Implementation of Women Representatives in Regional Legislative Election in Salatiga 2019 (Study of the Gerindra Party and the Nasdem Party)
Authors: Ayuningsih Ambar
Published: November 2022

Political parties, as a democratic institution, have a strategic role in empowering women in politics. One of the crucial roles of the party is to guide women party cadres to be prepared to become qualified women cadres and, at the same time to boost women representation in politics, especially in the legislative body. Women representation in politics is needed because society needs to have balanced views between the needs of men and women. Besides, the formulated public policy must also represent the interests of both. This type of research is qualitative research as a socio-legal research by expressing symptoms thoroughly and by the context through collecting data from the field and interacting directly with the two parties in the City of Salatiga, namely the Gerindra Party and the Nasdem Party, as well as candidates women from both parties. The policy adopted by the Gerindra Party and the Nasdem Party by applying the open and closed recruitment method has resulted in the fulfillment of a 30% quota for women’s representation so that the implication of the Gerindra and Nasdem Party legislative candidates has been determined as a permanent candidate in the 2019 concurrent elections.
Mekanisme Pemakzulan (Impeachment) Presiden: Studi Pebandingan Negara Indonesia dan Brasil
Authors: Prabowo Edi
Published: November 2022

Impeachment is the process of dismissing a president from his position. In this case, Indonesia and Brazil are countries that adhere to a presidential system of government, and have dismissed the president, so it is interesting to study more closely the similarities and differences in the reasons a president can be impeached and the mechanism for impeachment of presidents in both countries. the. This study uses a normative juridical approach and with descriptive analysis research specifications. The data used is data in the form of secondary and tertiary materials collected by document study techniques. In this study the authors used qualitative data analysis methods. The collected data is then processed and arranged systematically for further descriptive presentation.Departing from a different constitutional system, the reasons and mechanisms for impeachment for the president are also different. Thereasons for the impeachment of the president must be in accordancewith the constitution as the highest law, where in Indonesia it is regulated in Article 7A of the 1945 NRI Constitution, while in Brazil it is regulated in Art. 85 Brazil's 1988 Constitution. The impeachment mechanism for the president in Indonesia involves 3 (three) state institutions, namely the House of Representatives (DPR), the Constitutional Court (MK) and the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). The mechanism starts with the right to express an opinion by the DPR, then the opinion of the DPR is assessed by the Constitutional Court. If the Constitutional Court confirms the DPR's opinion, the decision is forwarded to the MPR to be brought to the Plenary Session. And in the trial the MPR decision was a political decision (politieke beslessing).Likewise, impeachment in Brazil involves 3 (three) state institutions, namely the Council of Deputies, the Supreme Court and the Senate. The mechanism starts from the initiation of the Council of Deputies, then the Council of Deputies to form a Congressional Committee to investigate, if it is justified it will be brought to full trial. The Council of Deputies is then brought before the Senate which has full authority, led by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The results of the decisions of the Senate are semi-justicial decisions. The punishment of the impeachment decision in Indonesia is to stop serving as President while Brazil is to stop serving as president and the punishment for not serving as a public official for a period of 8 years. So that the difference between the two state  mechanisms lies in the nature of the impeachment decision and the punishment of the impeachment decision.
PARLIAMENTARY THRESHOLD IN CONSTITUTIONAL ELECTION IN 2019 (PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW OF THE PRINCIPLES OF PEOPLE SOVEREIGNTY)
Authors: Maftuh Muhammad Aziz
Published: November 2022

The 2019 Election leaves a problem with the people sovereignty in Indonesia, especially in the concept of the parliamentary threshold which is enforced at 4%. There are millions of legitimate votes that were wasted and did not convert into parliament because the party did not pass the threshold. The focus of this study is about the concept of parliamentary threshold in 2019 election which is reviewed from the people's sovereignty. This research is a library research (literature study) and employs a qualitative approach based on theoretical views and is reviewed from philosophical studies.  The data is collected tin the form of documentation from various books and scientific works related to this research. Based on the results, the concept of PT in the 2019 election resulted in the occurrence of wasted votes from valid votes so that millions of valid votes originating from the people's sovereignty were wasted. All new parties and small parties have very little chance of getting into parliament to voice the aspirations of their people. The disproportionality between the votes and the number of seats acquired becomes the reason that the concept of the parliamentary threshold in the 2019 elections is against the people's sovereignty.
IMPLEMENTASI TEORI PERUBAHAN SITUASI (NAZHARIYAT AL-ZHURUF AL-THARI’AH) DALAM PENYELESAIAN KASUS PELANGGARAN HAK SEWA-MENYEWA TANAH BENGKOK HASIL LELANG DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nisa Alfi Ma’rifatun
Published: November 2022

Leasing a tanah bengkok is one part of the muamalah practice, where violations are often found by one party, causing a change in the situation (condition) in the implementation of the contract. This encourages the agreement makers to immediately follow up on changes in these conditions so that no party is harmed. Cases of violation of rights in the lease of tanah bengkok with the auction system in Indonesia are generally motivated by the existence of old tenants who do not carry out their obligations according to the contents of the agreement, namely exceeding the time limit in returning the tanah bengkok. Then the solution is to free the old tenant to manage the tanah bengkok outside the rental period, so that it causes the next tenant to not get the right to cultivate the tanah bengkok. For that, there must be a solution to overcome this. The fiqh scholars have thought of several rules or thoughts to overcome these things that cannot be prevented. Therefore, in Islam, the term theory of situation change (Nazhariyat Al-Zhuruf Al-Thari'ah) is known, which is a theory that aims to overcome these things that cannot be prevented.
KONSEP INDEPENDENSI KEJAKSAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF TEORI THE NEW SEPARATION OF POWER BRUCE ACKERMAN
Authors: Annisa Sarah Nur
Published: November 2022

Independence is a must in a state of law (rechtstaat) as stated in article 1 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The independence is inseparable from the theory of separation of powers. The separation of powers theory was developed by Charles Louis de Secondat Baron Montesquieu or better known as the trias politica theory which divides power into three, namely executive power, legislative power, and judicial power. The 1945 Constitution does not explicitly explain the existence of the prosecutor's office, but in Law no. 16 of 2004 which regulates the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia places this institution as a "government institution" so that the position of the prosecutor in the Indonesian constitutional system is part of the executive power. This may causes the prosecutor's office to be independent and carry out its duties and functions. This study is a qualitative research, while the research approach used is the legal approach and the conceptual approach. Both the primary and secondary data was collected. The data was obtained through the 1945 Constitution, Law no. 16 of 2004, journals and books related to topic of research. The theoretical framework was applied to examine the concept of the independence of the Indonesian Attorney General Office by using the theory of The New Separation of Powers, which was initiated by Bruce Ackerman. In his theory, Ackerman divides powers into five, one of which is Independent Agencies. The result of this study showed that the position of the prosecutor's office is institutionally under executive power as stated in the prosecutor's law and regarding the ideal concept of prosecutor's independence in the Indonesian constitutional system which is analyzed through the theory of The New Separation of Power, namely by placing the prosecutor's office as an independent state institution that free from executive influence, broadly speaking, the placement of independent state institutions (Independent Agencies) is a separate branch of power out of the trias politica concept.