bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diseño, desarrollo y evaluación de una cocina solar de bajo costo
Authors: Llaique Herreros Patricia , Salinas Portilla Malena , Zúñiga Ramírez Fabiola , Rodríguez Zúñiga Manuel
Published: January 2018

Con el conocimiento de los principios básicos de la energía solar, transferencia de calor y el acceso a materiales simples, como cartón, papel de aluminio y vidrio, se pueden construir varios modelos de cocinas y otros artefactos solares eficaces.En líneas generales, el trabajo se basa en la divulgación, en sectores de bajos recursos económicos y en multiplicadores sociales, de los principios básicos de diseño de las cocinas solares y de la identificación de materiales comunes que pueden utilizarse en su construcción, haciendo hincapié, además, en la autoconstrucción por parte de los potenciales usuarios, para lo cual se los capacita, evitando así etapas de intermediación y comercialización.Las crisis energéticas generalizadas y el encarecimiento gradual del acceso afuentes convencionales, dejando de ser alcanzables para una gran franja social, obligan a optimizar los recursos técnicos e intelectuales.Además, la enseñanza y divulgación de las cocinas solares sería una solución a las problemáticas de zonas rurales y de sectores sociales cuyos habitantes no tienen recursos para acceder a las fuentes energéticas tradicionales.Hemos emprendido esta tarea porque estamos convencidos de que la buena formación científica, el promover la búsqueda de fenómenos en la vida cotidiana y las aplicaciones sencillas de leyes y principios son los que capacitan al niño y al joven para que puedan crear soluciones particulares frente a las necesidades y situaciones que se presentan en cada lugar, en cada oficio, trabajo o profesión.Además, consideramos fundamental valorar e ir integrando el uso de energías alternativas en la vida de cada uno, para disminuir de esta manera el impacto medioambiental global producido.Palabras clave: energía solar, transferencia de calor, energías alternativas.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2008.v9.08
Crema dental a base de las propiedades medicinales y terapéuticas del aceite esencial del geranio (Pelargonium x bortorum)
Authors: Laime Soto Susan
Published: January 2018

Dada la importancia del geranio (Pelargonim x hortorum) en nuestra región, por ser una planta que crece abundantemente todo el año y su cultivo no necesita mayores cuidados, y presentar propiedades terapéuticas y farmacológicas excepcionales, se realizó su estudio fitoquímico para comprobar y determinar sus principios activos, los mismos que tienen efectos terapéuticos sobre la salud.El estudio comprende la purificación de los metabolitos secundarios de la planta, dentro de ellos los aceites esenciales, a través de marchas fitoquímicas para evidenciar y detectar los mismos mediante pruebas fisicoquímicas y farmacológicas. El aceite esencial del geranio, una vez aislado y purificado, se usó en la preparación de una crema dental, extractos y colutorios, los cuales tendrían la propiedad de evitar las caries dental y las enfermedadesperiodontales, sobre todo en las personas de menores recursos, por ser un producto muy económico.Se realizaron bioensayos para determinar la actividad de sus principios activos. También se realizaron análisis microbiológicos para evidenciar el efecto antibacteriano del geraniol (aceite esencial del geranio).Se comprobó que el extracto oleoso tiene un poder de inhibición considerable sobre el crecimiento bacteriano, especialmente sobre los gérmenes que causan la placa bacteriana y la caries dental. En el experimento realizado de las diez placas en estudio, nueve inhibieron por completo el crecimiento bacteriano en las zonas tratadas, y solo una no lo hizo.El control de calidad analítico se realizó partiendo de la muestra, y comprendió todas las etapas de los análisis fisicoquímicos y bacteriológicos.Palabras clave: metabolitos, aceites esenciales, geraniol.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2008.v9.09
Nano-Scale Gene Delivery Systems: Current Technology, Obstacles, and Future Directions
Authors: Garcia-Guerra Antonio , Dunwell Thomas L. , Trigueros Sonia
Published: January 2018

Within the different applications of nanomedicine currently being developed, nanogene
delivery is appearing as an exciting new technique with the possibility to overcome
recognised hurdles and several biological and medical needs. The central component of all
delivery systems is the requirement for the delivery of genetic material into cells, and for
them to eventually reside in the nucleus where their desired function will be exposed. However,
genetic material does not passively enter cells; thus, a delivery system is necessary. The
emerging field of nano-gene delivery exploits the use of new materials and the properties that
arise at the nanometre-scale to produce delivery vectors that can effectively deliver genetic
material into a variety of different types of cells. The novel physicochemical properties of the
new delivery vectors can be used to address the current challenges existing in nucleic acid delivery
in vitro and in vivo. While there is a growing interest in nanostructure-based gene delivery,
the field is still in its infancy, and there is yet much to discover about nanostructures
and their physicochemical properties in a biological context.

We carried out an organised and focused search of bibliographic databases. Our results suggest
that despite new breakthroughs in nanostructure synthesis and advanced characterization
techniques, we still face many barriers in producing highly efficient and non-toxic delivery
systems. In this review, we overview the types of systems currently used for clinical and biomedical
research applications along with their advantages and disadvantages, as well as discussing
barriers that arise from nano-scale interactions with biological material.

In conclusion, we hope that by bringing the far reaching multidisciplinary nature of nano-gene
delivery to light, new targeted nanotechnology-bases strategies are developed to overcome the
major challenges covered in this review.
Edelfosine: An Antitumor Drug Prototype
Authors: Teixeira Sarah F. , Rodrigues Cecilia P. , Costa Cícero J.S. , Pettinati Thais N. , de Azevedo Ricardo A. , Mambelli Lisley I. , Jorge Salomão D. , Ramos Rodrigo N. , Ferro Emer S. , Barbuto José A.M. , Ferreira Adilson K.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer and a high fatality disease. Despite of all
available therapeutic approaches, drug resistance of chemotherapy agents for patients remain as an obstacle. New
drugs integrating immunotherapeutic and conventional cytotoxic effects is a powerful strategy for the treatment of
cancer to overcome this limitation. Antineoplastic phospholipids combine both of these activities by affecting lipid
metabolism and signaling through lipid rafts. Therefore, they emerge as interesting scaffolds for designing new drugs.

Objective:

We aimed to evaluate antineoplastic phospholipids as scaffolds for designing new drugs for lung
cancer treatment.

Methods:

The initial screening in A549 cells was performed by MTT assay. Others cytotoxic effects were
evaluated in A549 cells by clonogenic assay, Matrigel 3D culture and flow cytometry analyses of cell cycle,
apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane electronic potential and superoxide production. Immunological effects of
ED were accessed on dendritic cells (DCs) and the expression of some markers were evaluated by flow cytometry.
In vivo lung colonization analysis was performed after intravenously injection of A549 cells and daily
treatment with ED.

Results:

Herein, ED showed to be the most efficient compound concerning cytotoxic, thereby, ED was selected for
following tests. ED showed a cytotoxic profile in both monolayer and 3D culture and also in vivo models using
A549 cells. This profile is due to G0/G1 phase cellular arrest and apoptosis drove by mitochondrial membrane
depolarization and superoxide overproduction. Moreover, ED modulated DCs toward an activated pattern by the
increased expression of CD83 and a remarkable decreased expression of PD-L1/CD274 on DCs membrane.

Conclusions:

Thus, ED is an interesting antitumor drug prototype due to not only its direct cellular cytotoxicity
but also given its immunological features.
The Clinical and Experimental Research on the Treatment of Endometriosis with Thiostrepton
Authors: Jin Ping , Chen Xiaofei , Yu Guiyuan , Li Ziyang , Zhang Qingqing , Zhang Jian V.
Published: January 2018

Background/Objective:

Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) is frequently activated in tumors. We studied the expression and the possible mechanism of FOXM1 and evaluated the effects of thiostrepton in an endometriotic rat model.

Methods and Material:

This was a randomized study in a rat model of endometriosis. Fifty female Wistar rats were surgically induced with endometriosis. After 4 weeks of observation, twenty and thirty rats were randomly allocated to an ovariectomized (OVX) group and a treatment group, respectively. The OVX group was ovariectomized and randomly divided into an OVX-estrogen group and a control (OVX -oil) group. All rats were allowed a resting period of 3 days prior to any operation. The rats in the estrogen group were given estradiol (20 µg/kg, 0.1 ml /d), while the control group was treated with an equivalent amount of sesame oil. Every group was injected with subcutaneous injection for 7 days. The treatment group was randomly divided into three groups to receive the following: TST at 150 mg/kg, ip.; TST at 250 mg/kg, ip.; or sterile normal saline, ip. The groups received these dosages every 2 days for 2 weeks. Lesion growth, histological examination, and protein expression were subsequently analyzed using caliper measurement, histology, immunostaining, and Western blot after each rat received an injection in its own group.

Results:

Our results showed that FOXM1 is enriched in nucleus of an ectopic endometrium when compared with a eutopic uterus. Furthermore, we found that an ERK/FOXM1/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) signaling pathway might result in the establishment and development of endometriosis. Finally, a thiostrepton concentration dependently reduced the expression of FOXM1, MMP9 and Bcl-2 in endometriotic lesions of the treated rats. Statistical significance was accepted for a value of P < 0.05.

Conclusion:

We postulate that thiostrepton could inhibit the endometriotic lesions, at least in part, by decreasing the FOXM1 expression and exerting a pro-apoptotic effect. We reported for the first time that FOXM1 expresses in experimental endometriosis rat and thiostrepton may also be suitable for the administration of endometriosis by inhibiting the growth of endometriotic implants. More studies are needed to further evaluate thiostrepton’s effect.
Morphological and Molecular Observation to Confirm the Taxonomic of Coptocercus biguttatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on Cloves in Ambon and Part of Ceram Island
Authors: Setyolaksono Mohamad Pamuji , Suputa Suputa , Putra Nugroho Susetya
Published: January 2018

This research was conducted to confirm the species of longhorn beetle (Coptocercus biguttatus) drilling clove stems in Ambon and part of Ceram Island, Moluccas, which has been noted as an important pest. Aim of this investigation was to characterize the species morphologically, and more detailed with molecular technique via mtCO1 gene analysis. The longhorn beetle was taken in Ambon and part of Ceram Island, Moluccas and then was etablished in laboratory with host rearing method on pieces of clove stem. The results showed that C. biguttatus attacking clove stems in Ambon and part of Ceram Island, Maluku was closely related and grouped into same cluster with C. rubripes and P. semipunctata in of New Zealand with 85% homology value. C. biguttatus distributed evenly in all clove planting areas in Ambon and part of Ceram Island. IntisariPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengonfirmasi spesies kumbang sungut panjang (Coptocercus biguttatus) yang menggerek batang tanaman cengkih di Pulau Ambon dan sebagian dari Pulau Seram, Maluku menggunakan karakter morfologi dan molekuler berbasis gen mtCO1 untuk sidik kekerabatan. Pengambilan sampel kumbang sungut panjang dilakukan di Pulau Ambon dan sebagian dari Pulau Seram, Maluku dengan cara host rearing pada potongan batang cengkih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa C. biguttatus di Pulau Ambon dan sebagian dari Pulau Seram, Maluku berkerabat dekat dan berada dalam satu kelompok dengan C. rubripes dan P. semipunctata di New Zealand dengan nilai homologi 85%. Penyebaran C. biguttatus di Pulau Ambon dan sebagian dari Pulau Seram merata di seluruh area pertanaman cengkih.
Characterization of Pantoea ananatis Isolated from Garlic and Shallot
Authors: Nurjanah Nanik , Joko Tri , Subandiyah Siti
Published: January 2018

The new disease on garlic (Allium sativum) and shallot (A. cepa L. aggregatum group) have been found in several production centers of garlic and shallot in Tawangmangu and Temanggung, Central Java. The infected plants showed symptoms of leaf blight accompanied by chlorosis. The objective of this study was to determine the pathogen that causes leaf blight and chlorosis based on the phenotypic characterization and gyrB gene sequences analysis. The research started from the isolation of pathogen, physiological and biochemical test, DNA extraction, and sequence analysis of gyrB using gyrB 01-F and gyrB 02-R primer. The results showed that the isolated bacterial pathogen have a yellow pigment, slimy colonies with regular borders, convex, gram-negative, non-spore, facultative anaerobic, motile, catalase production, indole production, and acid production from D-glucose, D-mannitol, sucrose, and lactose. From the pathogenicity test, it was found that the bacteria produced the typical symptom of leaf blight. Characterization of pathogens based on gyrB gene sequence revealed that the pathogen was placed in the group of Pantoea ananatis. IntisariPenyakit baru pada bawang putih (Allium sativum) dan bawang merah (A. cepa L. aggregatum group) telah ditemukan di beberapa sentra produksi bawang putih dan bawang merah di Tawangmangu dan Temanggung, Jawa Tengah. Tanaman yang terinfeksi menunjukkan gejala hawar daun disertai klorosis. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui karakter patogen berdasarkan fenotipik dan sekuen gen gyrB. Penelitian dimulai dengan isolasi bagian tanaman yang sakit, uji fisiologi dan biokimia, ekstraksi DNA dengan metode CTAB/NaCl dan amplifikasi gen gyrB menggunakan primer gyrB 01-F and gyrB 02-R. Hasil uji menunjukkan koloni berlendir, cembung, pigmen berwarna kuning, gram negative, tidak berspora, aerob fakultatif, motil, produksi katalase, indol, membentuk asam dari D-glukosa, D-monnitol, sukrosa dan laktosa, dan patogenesitas positif. Karakterisasi patogen berdasarkan sekuen gen gyrB, menunjukkan patogen hawar daun berkerabat dekat dengan Pantoea ananatis.
Interaksi Meloidogyne incognita dan Fusarium solani pada Penyakit Kuning Lada
Authors: Suryanti Suryanti , Hadisutrisno Bambang , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Widada Jaka
Published: January 2018

Pepper yellowing disease is one of the most important disease of pepper causing the decrease of pepper production. This research was conducted in the screen house and laboratory to determine the major causal agent of leaf yellowing disease of pepper. Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium solani were isolated from pepper plantation in West Kalimantan. Pepper seedlings Natar 1 cultivars were planted in sterilized soil collected from pepper plantation in Bengkayang, West Kalimantan. Five months-old seedling were inoculated with M. incognita (1000 larvae of 2nd stadium/plant) and F. solani (50 ml of spore suspension with spore density of 106 spore/ml) in several combinations of time inoculation, i.e., F. solani  and then M. incognita, M. incognita and then F. solani, M. incognita together with F. solani, M. incognita only, and F. solani only. The parameters observed were the development of leaf yellowing disease every weeks for five months. The number of gall, and population M. incognita were observed at the end of the observation. The result showed that when M. incognita was inoculated  to the roots followed by F. solani, the disease severity and the percentage of plant diseases were higher than those which were infected with F. solani or M. incognita alone. The higher population densities of M. incognita and a number of root gall, had observed on plants inoculated by M. incognita combined with F. solani than plants inoculated by M. incognita and F. solani alone. Interaction between M. incognita and F. solani as caused of leaf yellowing disease of pepper was synergistic reaction. IntisariPenyakit kuning lada merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada lada yang mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan produksi lada di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Meloidogyne incognita dan Fusarium solani sebagai penyebab penyakit kuning lada. Penelitian yang dilakukan rumah kasa dan laboratorium. Meloidogyne incognita dan Fusarium solani diisolasi dari pertanaman lada di Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan bibit lada kultivar Natar 1 berumur 5 bulan, dan diinokulasi dengan M. incognita sebanyak 1000 larva stadium 2 dan 50 ml suspensi mikrokonidium F. solani dengan kerapatan 106/ml. Perkembangan gejala penyakit diamati setiap minggu selama 5 bulan, dan pada akhir pengamatan dilakukan penghitungan jumlah puru dan populasi M. incognita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa apabila M. incognita menginfeksi akar dan selanjutnya diikuti dengan infeksi oleh F. solani, tingkat keparahan penyakit dan persentase tanaman sakit lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan infeksi oleh F. solani atau M. incognita secara terpisah. Populasi M. incognita dan jumlah puru akar pada tanaman yang diinokulasi dengan M. incognita bersama-sama dengan F. solani lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada tanaman yang diinokulasi dengan M. incognita atau F. solani secara terpisah. Interaksi antara M. incognita dan F. solani dalam menyebabkan penyakit kuning lada adalah bersifat sinergis.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF CARBON DIRECTION IN NANOTECHNOLOGY: 2000–2015
Authors: Terekhov A. I.
Published: January 2018

Carbon nanostructures are the important component of nanotechnology (NT) become as the first global scientific and technological initiative of the 21st century. The article presents a bibliometric analysis of development of the carbon direction of NT in the period of 2000–2015, including an international dimension. The source of information was the Science Citation Index Expanded database. The shift of the world research center to the Asian region is shown, both in terms of volume and quality indicators; the dynamics of scientific influence of two groups of countries –  conditionally «incumbents» and «newcomers» –  has been studied. Due to the strong skewness of citation distributions, preference in the analysis is given to the percentile-based indicators, such as: the contribution of a country to the world top-10% (top-1%) segment of the most highly cited publications, the share of such publications in the country’s total output, the highly cited papers index, etc. Relying on them, the scientific «offensive» of the «newcomer» countries on the «incumbents» (eg, of China on the USA, of South Korea on Germany, of Iran on Russia) as well as phenomenon of Singapore as an effective producer of highly cited publications on the carbon nanostructures were presented more fully. The positions of Russia have been studied in more detail, the main domestic research participants have been determined, and on the basis of bibliometric criteria the center of scientific excellence in the field of graphene has been identified.
Seeding eastern Africa’s maize revolution in the post-structural adjustment era: a review and comparative analysis of the formal maize seed sector
Authors: Erenstein Olaf , Kassie Girma Tesfahun
Published: January 2018

Improved maize seed is instrumental to deliver an Asian-style ‘green revolution’ for Africa. The paper reviews and makes a comparative analysis of the maize (corn) seed sector and its evolution in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Ethiopia drawing from seed sector surveys and secondary data. Enhancing farmers’ access to and use of new maize varieties still presents a number of challenges in eastern Africa – not least due to a number of policy and institutional impediments to the development of the seed sector. The regional seed sectors also show some remarkable contrasts: they have evolved at different speeds and in different directions, driven by diverging agricultural growth opportunities and varying degrees of regulation, liberalization and restructuring. The paper reiterates calls for an enabling environment for private seed companies to evolve in order to serve the diverse farmer communities so that they benefit from existing and future improved maize seed opportunities.
Teaching Chronic Pain in the Family Medicine Residency
Authors: Zoberi Kimberly , Everard Kelly  M.
Published: January 2018

Background and Objectives: Chronic pain is a significant condition affecting many Americans. Primary care physicians play an important role in chronic pain management, but many residents and physicians feel poorly prepared to manage it.
Methods: Data were collected as part of the 2016 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) Program Director Survey, which was sent electronically to 484 program directors in the United States. The authors sought to determine whether residency directors’ attitudes about treating chronic pain were associated with the amount of time devoted to teaching family medicine residents about chronic pain assessment, therapy (use of opioids, use adjuvant pain medications, use of other nonopioids, use of nonpharmacological treatments), and risk management (risk assessment, use of pain management contracts, informed consent when prescribing opioids, and urine drug monitoring). Attitudes were assessed by asking whether: (1) chronic pain is best managed by a primary care physician (PCP); (2) prescribing opioid medications is time consuming; (3) prescribing opioids is high-risk; (4) prescribing opioids contributes to opioid misuse; and (4) effective nonopioid treatments exist. An additional question assessed confidence in treating chronic pain.
Results: The response rate was 53%. The average family medicine residency devotes about 33 hours to education about pain management topics including 5.4 hours on chronic pain assessment, 16.2 hours on therapy, and 11.4 hours on risk assessment. Residency directors’ belief that there are effective nonopioid treatments for chronic pain was the only attitude item that was associated with teaching about chronic pain.
Conclusions: Residency directors’ attitudes do not predict the time devoted to teaching chronic pain in family medicine residencies.
Pursuing Personal Passion:
Authors: Phillips William R.
Published: January 2018

abstract: New researchers often face difficulty finding and focusing research questions. I describe a new tool for research mentoring, the Pursuing Personal Passion (P3) interview, and a systematic approach to help learners organize their curiosity and develop researchable questions aligned with their personal and professional priorities. The learner-centered P3 research interview parallels the patient-centered clinical interview. This paper reviews experience with 27 research mentees over the years 2009 to 2016, using the P3 approach to identify their initial research topics, classify their underlying passions and track the evolution into their final research questions. These researchers usually identified one of three personal passions that provided lenses to focus their research: problem, person, or process. Initial research topics focused on: problem (24%, 6), person (48%, 12) and process (28%, 7). Final research questions evolved into: problem (20%, 5), person (32%, 8) and process (48%, 12). Identification of the underlying passion can lead researchers who start with one general topic to develop it into very different research questions. Using this P3 approach, mentors can help new researchers focus their interests into researchable questions, successful studies, and organized programs of scholarship.
Procedural Knowledge and Skills of Residents Entering Canadian Family Medicine Programs in Alberta
Authors: Garcia-Rodriguez Juan Antonio , Dickinson James A. , Perez Grace , Ross David , Au Lilian , Ross Shelley , Babenko Oksana , Johnston Ian
Published: January 2018

Background and Objectives: Incoming family medicine (FM) residents start residency with different levels of procedural training. Understanding their baseline skill level is necessary to plan the educational experiences and teaching methods that will provide the desired knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to performing medical procedures.
Methods: A survey of 69 procedures based on the core list issued by the College of Family Physicians of Canada was administered to incoming residents in Alberta (Calgary and Edmonton FM programs). The survey intended to identify the levels of training and confidence acquired for each listed procedure before residency, and plans to perform each of the procedures in future independent practice.
Results: A total of 146 residents from both programs responded to the survey (82% response rate). Of the 69 procedures evaluated, 15 (21.7%) had been previously performed at least five times by 50% or more residents. Only five procedures were rated by 80% or more of the residents as being able to perform independently or to teach to others: simple suture, infiltration of local anesthetic, intramuscular injection, cryotherapy of skin lesions and Pap smear. More male residents than female residents felt confident in performing 10 procedures, while female residents were more confident in performing Pap smears. Rural residents felt more confident to perform 22 procedures than their urban colleagues.
Conclusions: This information demonstrates limited prior training in procedures among entering residents, and provides guidance to FM programs to develop teaching interventions to achieve competence in those procedural skills seen as necessary for family physicians.
Factors Affecting Sustainability of alternatives livelihood in coastal community of Nembrala East Nusa Tenggara: An Application of MICMAC Method
Authors: Paulus Chaterina Agusta , Fauzi Akhmad
Published: January 2018

Coastal communities are known to prone to vulnerability arising from their nature of work. As they are mostly working as fishermen, natural hazards, isolation and climate variabilities are often constraining their ability to obtain sufficient income to support their livelihood. Hence, finding sustainable alternatives source of income is a sensible way to cope with such uncertainty and vulnerability. Achieving sustainable income, nevertheless, is challenging issue since it is affected by various factors from socio-economic as well as institutional perspectives. This paper is an attempt to assess the issue of alternative livelihood by identifying key variables affecting its sustainability. A MICMAC method was used and key variables from the analysis were then identified to support sustainable alternative livelihood in the communities. Lessons learned were also drawn from this study for policy makers and fisheries authorities in the regions.
At-a-glance - "A tough sell": findings from a qualitative analysis on the provision of healthy foods in recreation and sports settings
Authors: McIsaac Jessie-Lee D. , Jarvis Sherry L. , Spencer Rebecca , Kirk Sara F.L.
Published: January 2018

Recreation and sport settings (RSS) typically promote health in the form of physical
activity, but the healthfulness of their food environment is often neglected. We explored
stakeholder perspectives on barriers to healthy food provision in RSS through telephone
interviews with ten representatives from RSS across Nova Scotia. Three key barriers
were identified: 1) cultural norms associated with food in RSS and the broader environment,
2) the persisting notion of personal choice and responsibility, and 3) financial
implications of healthy food provision. These barriers challenge healthy food provision
in RSS and require multi-faceted strategies to overcome social norms that undermine
health behaviours.
Stability Studies of Immobilized Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in Calcium Alginate and Carrageenan Beads
Authors: Abdulla Rahmath , Ajak Warda Abdul , Hajar Siti , Derman Eryati
Published: January 2018

Currently the resources for fossil fuels are depleting together with increase in fuel prices. This has urged the need for cheaper alternative fuels especially biofuels. The production of the most common liquid biofuel which is bioethanol using immobilized yeast cells is an approach taken to increase its demand in the world’s market. There are various methods for the immobilization of yeast cells; however before they can be applied in the industry the stability of the immobilization technology must be investigated. This research aims to study the stabilities of immobilized S. cerevisiae in calcium alginate and carrageenan beads for bioethanol production. The S. cerevisiae was immobilized in calcium alginate and carrageenan beads using entrapment method. Next, screening for the optimal concentration of sodium alginate and semi refined carrageenan matrices were determined by employing fermentation and bioethanol quantification using GC-MS. Concentrations of 2% (w/v) calcium alginate and 2% (w/v) semi refined carrageenan beads were identified to produce the highest bioethanol yield which were 0.286 g/mL and 0.065 g/mL respectively. The two beads were then chosen to be tested in various stability studies with respect to bioethanol production such as storage stability, reusability, pH, thermaland permeability test. It was found out that a concentration of 2% (w/v) calcium alginate beads were more stable as immobilization matrix for S. cerevisiae  as compared to 2% (w/v) semi refined carrageenan.
Design of a Testing Facility for Investigation of Drill Pipes Fatigue Failure
Authors: Abdo Jamil , Hassan E. , Al-Shabibi A. , Kwak J.
Published: January 2018

Drillstring and down-hole tool failure usually results from failing to control one or more of the vibration mechanisms. The solution starts with the ability to measure different modes of vibration, hence identifying different vibration mechanisms. Lateral, torsion and axial are vibration modes that take place when drill pipes run into problems downhole. Due to the three modes of vibration mechanisms such as bit bounce, stick-slip, lateral shocks, bit and bottom hole assembly (BHA) whirl, parametric and torsional resonance occur. Understanding the causes of the destructive loads is the main step towards developing approaches to prevent or reduce their effects, hence improving drilling performance. Vibration modes and mechanisms lead to failure of the drill pipes, BHA and drill bits. Drill pipes fatigue failure is very common due to capability of producing all vibration modes and mechanisms. Drill pipe and downhole tool assembly failure usually result from failing to have power over one or more of these vibration mechanisms. A novel in house experimental setup has been developed to mimic downhole axial, lateral and torsional vibration modes and mechanisms in drilling operations. In this paper, we focus on the design and construction of the testing facility. A number of tests were conducted to validate the capability and performance of the test setup. Drill pipe fatigue failure due to lateral cyclic stresses induced in the drill pipe has also been investigated and presented in this paper. The results show that operating on a rotation speed higher than 90% of the drillstring critical speed leads to yielding in the drillstring.
Oficinas de la Mujer en municipios costarricenses: ¿garantía formal o real?
Authors: Vargas Mayorga Joselyn , Calvo Bonilla Gonzalo
Published: January 2018

En Costa Rica, aun cuando 65 de los 82 cantones que conforman el territorio nacional cuentan con una Oficina de la Mujer, muchas no tienen funcionarios ni presupuesto asignados, y pocas de las que sí cuentan con recursos han honrado el espíritu de la ley que promovió su creación. En el artículo se señalan los casos de algunos de los municipios que enfrentan retos más apremiantes y se rescatan experiencias valiosas dignas de ejemplo. Los autores concluyen que una aplicación efectiva de la ley requiere de la capacitación de funcionarios municipales respecto de la importancia de entornos públicos más diversos e inclusivos, de modo que haya un control constante de los avances y los retrocesos en la materia.
Independencia, imparcialidad y objetividad en la prensa regional (1900-1926)
Authors: Brunetti Paulina
Published: January 2018

Es objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar que las nociones de independencia y de objetividad periodísticas emergieron a partir de causalidades diferentes. Mientras que la primera designó una nueva concepción del periódico, la segunda constituyó un principio deontológico que si bien la prensa independiente incorporó por causas sociohistóricas precisas ya contaba con antecedentes desde fines del siglo xix. El corpus abordado en la investigación corresponde a la prensa regional argentina; en particular, a los periódicos publicados en la ciudad de Córdoba entre 1904 y 1926.
Periodismo y periodistas anarquistas en Buenos Aires a comienzos del Siglo XX
Authors: Rey Ana Lía
Published: January 2018

La autora transita por el complejo mundo de las publicaciones anarquistas a principios de siglo xx; en especial de La Protesta, el diario de mayor circulación entre los militantes ácratas. En el análisis, se pone de manifiesto la importancia que para la divulgación del ideario tuvieron los jóvenes periodistas que combinaron compromiso político con profesionalización de la actividad.A esto se suma el estudio de los cambios comunicacionales orientados a promover la lectura y a lograr la incorporación en tanto intelectuales en el mercado de bienes simbólicos del anarquismo.
El Argentino y la popularización del espectáculo deportivo platense
Authors: Fiebelkorn Ayelén
Published: January 2018

En el artículo, la autora recorre distintos artículos periodísticos del diario El Argentino que tematizaron la popularización del espectáculo deportivo en la ciudad de La Plata durante los primeros años de la década de 1930. A partir de ellos, propone una reconstrucción empírica de las características generales de dichos espectáculos deportivos en la capital de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), al tiempo que analiza los sentidos y las representaciones que dichos discursos construyeron sobre esos entretenimientos, su público y la ciudad.
Reseña a Las revistas montoneras. Cómo la organización construyó su identidad a través de sus publicaciones
Authors: Passaro María Marta
Published: January 2018

Reseña a Slipak, Daniela (2016). Las revistas montoneras. Cómo la organización construyósu identidad a través de sus publicaciones
Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) with Enhanched Solubilization of Ethanol Extract from Mangosteen Peels (Garcinia Mangostana, L.) for Treatment of Topical Gangrene Foot: Design and Optimization
Authors: L. Pratiwi , R. Sari , P. Apridamayanti
Published: January 2018

The aim of the present study is to develop and optimize self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) to improve
the topical bioavailability of poorly soluble ethanol extract of mangosteen peels and to get optimum method of SNEDDS
by simplex lattice design, using Design Expert software ®version 7. Solubility of ethanol extract of the mangosteen peels
was estimated in various compositions to select proper components combinations. Virgin coconut oil/ VCO (oil), Tween®
80 (surfactants) as well as polietilenglikol 400 (PEG 400) (co-surfactants) were employed to construct pseudo-ternary
phase diagrams. Transmittance and pH, droplet size, zeta potential, and thermodynamic stability were performed to
optimize formulations from phase diagram. Fourteen formulations composed of VCO, Tween 80 and PEG 400 at simplex
lattice design ratios were selected. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the mangosteen peels SNEDDS optimum
consisting of Cremophor EL as the surfactant, PEG 400 as the co-surfactant, and VCO as the oil phase with a ratio of 5.27:
1: 1.72. Evaluation of SNEDDS with an optimum formulation with drug loading value of 125 mg/5 mL, emulsification
time of 5,2 seconds, transmittance value of 74,6552 %, pH value 5,85 and has a particle size of 18,9 nm. Ethanol extract
of the mangosteen peels loaded SNEDDS, with enhanced solubilization and nanosizing, and has potential to improve the
absorption of drug and increase its topical antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of NLC (Nanostructured Lipid Carriers) Meloxicam In-Vivo
Authors: I. Widyaningrum , D. M. Hariyadi , E. Hendradi
Published: January 2018

Objective: The aim of this research study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of NLC meloxicam. NLC contains
solid and liquid lipid. Monostearin as solid lipid and Miglyol 808 as liquid lipid. Methods : NLC meloxicam was repared
using emulsification methodwith three different lipid ratio. . NLC meloxicam was prepared and characterized for measuring
the pH, viscocity, particle size, and entrapment efficiency. The rat paw edema test was performed to evaluate the antiinflammatory
activity of three formulations NLC meoxicam. Results : based on research result shows that the smaller the
solid lipid concentrations, particle size is the larger, the greater viscosity, thus increasing occlusive NLC to the skin. The
third formula hasthe greatest solid lipid concentration shows the smallest AUC value but once in a statistical test known to
be significantly different from the three formulas. Conclusions : NLC meloxicam showed that it had anti-inflammatory
effectiveness
Authors: Dantas Filho Jerônimo Vieira
Published: January 2018

Investigou-se o baixo rendimento acadêmico dos alunos do curso de Engenharia de Pesca na disciplina de Matemática. Os alunos foram questionados sobre suas dificuldades no processo de aprendizagem em Matemática. Os estudantes do ensino médio tiveram mais dificuldades em Matemática do que os estudantes do ensino fundamental, a maioria deles não tinha afinidade com a disciplina. Uma vez que o desinteresse foi o principal problema do insucesso do processo de ensino aprendizagem. Boa parte dos acadêmicos admitiram que não estavam aptos para o ENEM (Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio), porque não haviam definido suas profissões. Houve relação entre os alunos que foram mal no ENEM e os que reprovaram em Matemática. Os estudantes que tiveram baixas notas no ENEM reprovaram em Matemática e/ou desistiram do curso de Engenharia de Pesca. Os acadêmicos que permaneceram no curso tiveram que superar e compensar a lacuna deixada pela educação básica. Visto isso, as consequências de um ensino mal desenvolvido causaram dificuldades no aprendizado de outros conteúdos específicos, criou inseguranças em relação à Matemática, levou à desistência ou mudança de curso e repúdio em relação à Matemática. Portanto, a deficiência em conhecimentos matemáticos causou reprovação e desistência, consequentemente provocou a subutilização dos recursos investidos na estrutura de espaço físico e recursos humanos.
Escuelas públicas mato-grossenses en lo inicio de la república brasilera (1889-1908)
Authors: Ferreira Nilce Vieira Campos , Geles Yésica Paola Montes
Published: January 2018

Privilegiamos como recorte temporal e espacial os anos de 1889-1908,no município de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil, tendo como especificidades a organização das atividades pedagógicas cotidianas em salas de aula, e objetivamos analisar como estava organizada a instrução pública mato-grossense no período em estudo. Trazemos as seguintes problemáticas a serem investigadas: a defesa da escola pública moderna apresentou consonância ao modelo de escola instituído em Cuiabá? As escolas públicas cuiabanas eram subsidiadas por materiais didáticos e infraestrutura adequada ao desenvolvimento das atividades em sala de aula? Utilizamos como fontes históricas oficiais as Mensagens dos Presidentes de Estado, leis e decretos referentes à instrução pública primária; relatórios da instrução pública. Ressalvamos que em 1889, ano da Proclamação da República Brasileira, persistiam problemas existentes nas escolas mato-grossenses como a precariedade e ausência de recursos didáticos; inexistência de profissionais habilitados, assuntos reiteradamente expostos nas mensagens emitidas pelos governantes.
Adult literacy in Aotearoa New Zealand: Policy, potential and pitfalls
Authors: Furness Jane , Hunter Judy
Published: January 2018

Policy aimed at increasing adult literacy and numeracy skills has been a strong focus of the New Zealand Ministry of Education since the launch of More than Words: The New Zealand Adult Literacy Strategy in 2001. This policy and the foundation learning strand in consecutive Tertiary Education Strategies since 2002 have involved significant sector investment. This article examines the current state of adult literacy policy, its trajectory, potential, and pitfalls. Applying a sociomaterial perspective, we explore how the discourse of adult literacy is well embedded in dominant ideologies of individual responsibility and entrepreneurialism. We argue that interest in other perspectives that offer the hope of a more inclusive society must be supported through broad dissemination of alternative material text and artefacts.
Aristóteles y la democracia
Authors: Solana Dueso José
Published: January 2018

El objeto de este texto es abordar algunos aspectos de las ideas políticas de Aristóteles y, en particular, de su actitud y de sus argumentos sobre la democracia. A diferencia de Jaeger, el trabajo se desarrolla desde el supuesto de que el pensamiento de Aristóteles se configura en un proceso de tensión constante, y no necesariamente lineal, entre los dos grandes pensadores que le precedieron: Protágoras y Platón.  Esta doble tensión hace emerger todo un entramado teórico, relacionado sobre todo con la filosofía práctica, pero con profundas raíces en la filosofía teórica, en el que Aristóteles se alinea con las tesis protagóricas. Una de ellas es la defensa del sistema democrático. El artículo muestra, no solo que Aristóteles es partidario de la democracia como mejor forma de constitución, sino que solo la democracia satisface las condiciones de una autoridad política, por el hecho de que es la justicia, virtud moral por antonomasia, la que exige ejercer el mando por turno y que todos los ciudadanos manden en un momento y obedezcan en otro. TITLE: Aristotle and Democracy ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to address some aspects of Aristotle's political ideas and, in particular, his attitude and his arguments about democracy. Unlike Jaeger's approach, the paper starts from the assumption that Aristotle's thinking is shaped by a process of constant, and not necessarily linear, tension between the two great thinkers who preceded him: not only Plato but also Protagoras. This dual tension brings to the surface a theoretical framework, related above all to practical philosophy, but with deep roots in theoretical philosophy, in which Aristotle is aligned with theses of Protagoras. One of them is the defense of the democratic system. The article shows, not only that Aristotle favors democracy as the best form of constitution, but that only democracy satisfies the conditions of a political authority, because it is justice, the moral virtue par excellence, which demands to exercise the command by turn and that all the citizens command in one moment and obey in another.
Between Res and Verba: The Use of Myth in Francesco Patrizi's Dialoghi della retorica (Venice, 1562)
Authors: Puliafito Ana Laura
Published: January 2018

This paper analyses the role played by myths in Francesco Patrizi’s Dialoghi della retorica (1562). In the discussion of the tenets of classical rhetoric contained in the work, Patrizi aims to define both the matter and the form of the discipline through the analysis of the nature of language and the limits of human knowledge. Patrizi uses some stories where fiction and history are intertwined to provide a mythical explanation of the causes behind the first decay of human social, political and intellectual life. Therefore, the present contribution will focus on Patrizi’s approach to reforming language in its rhetorical dimension, and will determine what role is reserved for fiction in the Dialogues on Rhetoric. In other words, I will try to respond with Patrizi to the following question: What meaning can fiction offer when language is employed as a way of accessing truth?Keywords: Francesco Patrizi da Cherso, Rhetoric, Aristotle, Myth and History.
Ramon d’Abadal i de Vinyals: construir una historiografía conservadora catalana en el siglo XX/ Ramon d’Abadal i de Vinyals: Constructing a Catalan Conservative Historiography in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Vilanova Francesc
Published: January 2018

Ramon d’Abadal i de Vinyals was a singular historian in the Catalan 20th century. With solid legal and institutional training, he was a big rural owner that developed his essential works on the national origins of Catalonia and its relationship with Spain, outside the academic realm. Figure of strong conservative Catalanist convictions, he revolutionized the knowledge and methodology of the Catalan medieval historiography and raised it to the first levels in European historiography.Key wordsJaume Vicens Vives, Carolingian Catalonia, minorities leaders, Spain, Américo Castro, Catalanism.ResumenRamon d’Abadal i de Vinyals fue un historiador singular en el siglo XX catalán. De sólida formación jurídico-institucional, gran propietario rural, desarrolló sus trabajos fundamentales acerca de los orígenes nacionales de Cataluña y la relación de ésta con España, al margen de las instancias académicas. Personaje de sólidas convicciones conservadoras y un catalanismo insobornable, revolucionó el conocimiento y la metodología de la historiografía medievalística catalana y la situó en los primeros niveles de la historiografía europea.Palabras claveJaume Vicens Vives, Cataluña carolingia, Minorías dirigentes, España, Américo Castro, catalanismo
Regímenes de historicidad y regímenes historiográficos: del pasado histórico al pasado presente”/“Historical Regimes and Historiographical Regimes: From the Historical Past to the Past Present
Authors: Mudrovcic María Inés
Published: January 2018

This work takes as a point of departure the well-known François Hartog’s thesis on historical time and examines how a dominant “régime of historicity” or historical régime becomes the receptacle of a specific historiographical régime. We shall develop the idea that historiography, understood as social practice based upon the representation of time, reflects the dominant historical régime of which is part. To that purpose we suggest two hypotheses: first, the “historical past” must be considered the historiographical régime or time assumption corresponding to modern régime of historicity; and second, is the “History of the Present” what has questioned most the very notion of “historical past” because of its links with a new régime characterized by “presentism”.Key WordsHistorical régimes, historiographical régimes, historical past, history of the presentResumenEn el presente trabajo se toma como punto de partida la conocida tesis de François Hartog sobre el tiempo histórico para examinar de qué modo el “régimen de historicidad” dominante se convierte en el receptáculo de un determinado “régimen historiográfico”. Desarrollamos la idea de que la historiografía, como práctica social basada en la representación del tiempo, refleja el régimen de historicidad dominante del que forma parte. Para ello sugerimos dos hipótesis: la primera, que el “pasado histórico” es el régimen historiográfico o presupuesto temporal propio de la historiografía correspondiente al régimen de historicidad moderno; y la segunda, que la “historia del presente” es la que ha puesto en cuestión la noción misma de “pasado histórico”, debido a su adscripción a un nuevo régimen de historicidad presentista.Palabras clavesRegímenes de historicidad, regímenes historiográficos, pasado histórico, historia del presente.