bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved air gap permeance modelling for single-slice magnetic equivalent circuits of skewed induction motors
Authors: Desenfans Philip , Gong Zifeng , Vanoost Dries , Gryllias Konstantinos , Boydens Jeroen , De Gersem Herbert , Pissoort Davy
Published: July 2024

Purpose

When rotor and stator teeth are close, the connecting air gap flux tube's cross-sectional area exceeds the tooth overlap area. This flux fringing effect is disregarded in the air gap permeance calculation of single-slice magnetic equivalent circuits (MECs) of electric motors with skewed rotors. This paper aims to extend an air gap permeance calculation method incorporating flux fringing for unskewed rotors to skewed and radially eccentric rotors.

Design/methodology/approach

Assuming axial independence, the unskewed air gap permeance is rotated according to the skew and integrated along the axial dimension, resulting in a first method. The integral is approximated analytically, resulting in a second method. Results are compared to a commonly used reference method and validated using a non-linear finite element method (FEM) simulation.

Findings

The proposed methods provide better alignment with the FEM validation compared to the reference method for skewed rotors and common rotor eccentricity, i.e. below 50% of the air gap length. The analytical method is shown to be competitive with the reference method regarding computational time cost.

Originality/value

Two novel air gap permeance methods are proposed for single-slice MECs with skewed rotors. Their characteristics are discussed and validated.
Art performance as a political communication tool in Indonesia: beyond the stage
Authors: Mahfud Mahfud , Purwasito Andrik , Warto Warto , Rais Wakit Abdullah
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This retrospective phenomenological case study examines the experiences of 18 politicians who participated in a political campaign using performing arts and artists in a regional heads and legislators in Indonesia. Also, the role of Gandrung art as a performing art is becoming a political communication tool for political actors in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a retrospective phenomenological case. The informants recruited were 18 politicians who have local, regional and national political levels. The participants were interviewed about their experiences of campaigning using traditional performing arts as a form of political communication. Data collection techniques used in this study include interviews and photo documentation during the campaign process to triangulate findings.

Findings

Based on a case study analysis and through thematic analysis, this research reveals three emerging themes which indicate that performing arts function as political communication tools in three significant ways: (1) as a form of artistic expression for conveying political messages through movement and the use of dancer costumes; (2) as a medium for showcasing cultural identity and representation as a form of concern for the local culture of voters; and (3) as a means to garner mass appeal and propagate political propaganda.

Research limitations/implications

The study has two limitations. First, the study only interviewed a small number of participants. Thus, generalization for wider contexts of politicians is not possible. Second, the study focuses on examining the voice of politicians and analyzing it using thematic analysis.

Originality/value

There is a scarcity of research that specifically focuses on uncovering the perspectives of politicians who employ performing arts as a political communication tool. This study contributes to the understanding that art performance is inherently non-neutral, highlighting how performing arts can actively engage in political communication by conveying messages, shaping cultural identity and influencing public opinion in the context of Indonesia.
Exploring network typology and their role in immigrant entrepreneurship: insights from South Africa
Authors: Fubah Clavis Nwehfor , Moos Menisha
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore network typology and the role of networks in immigrant entrepreneurs’ (IEs) business operations in South Africa (SA).

Design/methodology/approach

In-depth interviews were carried out with 25 IEs operating their business ventures in SA, selected via the purposive sampling method.

Findings

The findings indicated that IEs in SA use social networks most often, with minimal use of international business networks. In addition, the findings showed that IE networks’ key roles include providing them with access to referrals and resource provision. However, whilst resource provision emerged as a significant role, finance appeared as the main resource provided by networks.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this original paper provided theoretical and empirical contributions to research on network typology and its role for IEs. Thus, the study extended the current literature on the intersection of IEs and their networking behaviours.
From metaverse to meta AI: a dynamic disruption in libraries in higher education institutions
Authors: Oladokun Bolaji David , Ajani Yusuf Ayodeji , Tom-George Nnenda W. , Okeke Oluchi Cecilia
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges and opportunities presented by the Metaverse and Meta artificial intelligence (AI) for libraries in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and to propose strategies for libraries to adapt and innovate in response to these disruptions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper employs a qualitative approach, drawing upon literature review and analysis to explore the disruptive impact of emerging technologies, including the Metaverse and Meta AI, on libraries in HEIs.

Findings

The findings suggest that the convergence of the Metaverse and Meta AI is reshaping library services, altering user expectations and transforming information retrieval and management. While these disruptions pose challenges such as bias in AI algorithms and privacy concerns, they also offer opportunities for libraries to enhance user experiences, foster collaboration and expand their reach beyond physical boundaries.

Research limitations/implications

The findings of this paper highlight the need for libraries in HEIs to embrace change, prioritize user-centric design, foster innovation and promote digital literacy education. Following this, libraries will continue to fulfill their mission of supporting teaching, learning and research in the digital age.

Originality/value

This essay contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the disruptive impact of emerging technologies on libraries in HEIs. The paper explores the intersection of the Metaverse, Meta AI and library services, as well as offers original perspectives on the evolving role of libraries in the digital era.
Time‐frequency domain correlation method based on the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform for tunnel vibroseis and its application
Authors: Wang Jiansen , Meng Jiangdong , Shao Borui , Ding Xiangnan , Xu Xinji , Cao Hongyi
Published: July 2024

To meet the demand for long‐distance and highly accurate detection in tunnel construction, a vibroseis source has been introduced into tunnel forward prospecting. However, serious noise in tunnels reduces the resolution of vibroseis signals, and small‐scale structure recognition in tunnels requires higher signal resolution. Thus, we develop a time‐frequency domain correlation method based on the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform for tunnel vibroseis data. Time‐frequency domain correlation may capture more information than a single time or frequency domain correlation method, and its effectiveness depends on the time‐frequency transformation method. The synchrosqueezed wavelet transform allows us to obtain high‐resolution time‐frequency spectra and thus helps to extract high‐resolution effective signals. The advantages and disadvantages of different correlation methods are highlighted using numerical examples, in which the high resolution and strong robustness of the time‐frequency domain correlation method based on the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform are demonstrated. A detailed field case study in an iron mine tunnel further demonstrates the reliability of the time‐frequency domain correlation method based on the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform for practical data.
The niche through time: Considering phenology and demographic stages in plant distribution models
Authors: Zurell Damaris , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Brun Philipp
Published: July 2024

Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to infer species–environment relationships, predict spatial distributions and characterise species' environmental niches. While the importance of space and spatial scales is widely acknowledged in SDM applications, temporal components of the niche are rarely addressed.

We discuss how phenology and demographic stages affect model inference in plant SDMs. Ignoring conspicuousness and timing of phenological stages may bias niche estimates through increased observer bias, while ignoring stand age may bias niche estimates through temporal mismatches with environmental variables, especially during times of rapid global warming.

We present different methods to consider phenology and demographic stages in plant SDMs, including the selection of causal, spatiotemporally explicit predictors and the calibration of stage‐specific SDMs. Based on a case study with citizen science data, we illustrate how spatiotemporal SDMs provide deeper insights on the coincidence of range and phenological shifts under climate change.

The proliferation of digitally available biodiversity and citizen science data increasingly allows considering time explicitly in SDMs. This offers a more mechanistic understanding of plant distributions, and more robust predictions under global change, especially if the reporting of phenological stages and age is facilitated and promoted by relevant data portals.
Clonal integration facilitates the expansion of Hydrocotyle vulgaris from a limited space to a larger area
Authors: Zhao Bing‐Nan , Chen Zhi‐Huan , Liu Zhi‐Hang , He Xue‐Ge , Chen Zi‐Qi , Gu Xin‐Yue , Si Chao
Published: July 2024

Clonal integration is an important ecological advantage of clonal plants. To ask whether clonal integration can help invasive plants escape space limitations, we tested the hypothesis that it can promote the growth of apical ramets when their connected basal ramets grow in limited space. We conducted a greenhouse experiment on the common perennial herb Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Clonal fragments consisting of pairs of connected ramets grew with basal ramets in three different sizes of pots (small, medium, and large) and apical ramets in large pots, and the connection between ramets was either severed or left intact. Pot size significantly affected the growth of basal ramets such that the biomass, number of leaves and flowers, and stolon length were in general greater in medium pots than in large and small pots when stolons were intact and were greater in medium and large pots than in small pots when stolons were severed. Furthermore, pot size interacted with severance to affect the performance of H. vulgaris. When the basal ramets grew in small pots, the intact stolon resulted in a significant promotion of apical ramet growth, but such positive effect was not found when the basal ramets grew in medium and large pots. Our results suggest that H. vulgaris is able to promote the growth of apical ramets to occupy the surrounding areas through clonal integration when the space where basal ramets grow is limited.
Improving access to buprenorphine for rural veterans in a learning health care system
Authors: Wyse Jessica J. , Mackey Katherine , Kauzlarich Kim A. , Morasco Benjamin J. , Carlson Kathleen F. , Gordon Adam J. , Korthuis P. Todd , Eckhardt Alison , Newell Summer , Ono Sarah S. , Lovejoy Travis I.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To describe a learning health care system research process designed to increase buprenorphine prescribing for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in rural primary care settings within U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) treatment facilities.

Data Sources and Study Setting

Using national administrative data from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse, we identified six rural VA health care systems that had improved their rate of buprenorphine prescribing within primary care from 2015 to 2020 (positive deviants). We conducted qualitative interviews with leaders, clinicians, and staff involved in buprenorphine prescribing within primary care from these sites to inform the design of an implementation strategy.

Study Design

Qualitative interviews to inform implementation strategy development.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by a primary coder and secondary reviewer. Analysis utilized a mixed inductive/deductive approach. To develop an implementation strategy, we matched clinical needs identified within interviews with resources and strategies participants had utilized to address these needs in their own sites.

Principal Findings

Interview participants (n = 30) identified key clinical needs and strategies for implementing buprenorphine in rural, primary care settings. Common suggestions included the need for clinical mentorship or a consult service, buprenorphine training, and educational resources. Building upon interview findings and in partnership with a clinical team, we developed an implementation strategy composed of an engaging case‐based training, an audit and feedback process, and educational resources (e.g., Buprenorphine Frequently Asked Questions, Rural Care Model Infographic).

Conclusions

We describe a learning health care system research process that leveraged national administrative data, health care provider interviews, and clinical partnership to develop an implementation strategy to encourage buprenorphine prescribing in rural primary care settings.
Sustainable development in ASEAN: The role of trade diversification, government revenue, and natural resources
Authors: Ma Xiang , Ma Lin , Arshad Rimsha , Alofaysan Hind
Published: July 2024

Over the past few years, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has experienced great economic expansion, which has resulted in varied degrees of diversified commerce, an elevated level of government revenue, and an increase in the demand for energy. The purpose of this study is to provide a solution to this conundrum by analyzing the effects of trade diversification (TDF), government revenues (GRN), gross domestic product (GDP), and natural resource rent (NTR) on the sustainable development of the ASEAN countries between the years 1981 and 2022. In order to accurately portray the concept of environmental sustainability, the ecological footprint (EFP) is utilized to represent sustainable development. The quantile‐based econometrics technique known as the Method of the Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) has been utilized in order to investigate the direction and amplitude of the asymmetric correlation that exists between the interaction of GRN, TDF, NTR, and EFP. According to the estimations of the MMQR, it is proposed that government revenues, which include significant financial incentives that promote the stringent execution of environmental rules, hence avoiding deleterious impacts on the environment, have negative coefficients at all quantiles (Q0.25 − Q0.90). Conversely, TDF and GDP have a positive and statistically strong significant correlation across all quantiles (Q0.25 − Q0.90), revealing that TDF reduces environmental sustainability and expands the size of the world's EFP by making energy‐intensive products more accessible. In addition, the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and the Common Correlated Effect Mean Group (CCEMG) both provide evidence that supports the correlation study by demonstrating that there is a similar pattern of causality across variables.
The acute effects of nonsleep deep rest on perceptual responses, physical, and cognitive performance in physically active participants
Authors: Boukhris Omar , Suppiah Haresh , Halson Shona , Russell Suzanna , Clarke Anthea , Geneau Mary C. , Stutter Luke , Driller Matthew
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to examine the effect of nonsleep deep rest (NSDR) on physical and cognitive performance, as well as sleepiness, acute readiness, recovery, stress, and mood state in physically active participants. A total of 65 physically active participants (42 male, 23 female) were randomly assigned into two groups: an experimental group (NSDR, n = 34), in which participants completed a 10‐min NSDR intervention, and a control group (CON, n = 31), whereby participants sat passively for 10 min. Testing measures were assessed immediately pre and 10 min post each condition and comprised completing a hand grip strength dynamometer test and a countermovement jump test on force plates, cognitive function measures via a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT‐B), and a Simon task test, along with four questionnaires to assess sleep, recovery, and mood state. A significant Group × Time interaction favored the NSDR condition for handgrip strength, median reaction time during the PVT‐B, and accuracy percentage during the Simon task. Questionnaire responses demonstrated NSDR to be associated with significant benefits to physical readiness, emotional balance, overall recovery, negative emotional state, overall stress, and tension in comparison to CON (p < .05). The NSDR intervention could be a valuable strategy for acutely enhancing overall well‐being and readiness.
Role of inflammasomes in endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Wu Jimin , Shyy Melody , Shyy John Y.‐J. , Xiao Han
Published: July 2024

The vascular endothelium dynamically responds to environmental cues and plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular homeostasis by regulating vasomotor tone, blood cell trafficking, permeability and immune responses. However, endothelial dysfunction results in various pathological conditions. Inflammasomes are large intracellular multimeric complexes activated by pathogens or cellular damage. Inflammasomes in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) initiate innate immune responses, which have emerged as significant mediators in endothelial dysfunction, contributing to the pathophysiology of an array of diseases. This review summarizes the mechanisms and ramifications of inflammasomes in ECs and related vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, stroke, and lung and kidney diseases. We also discuss potential drugs targeting EC inflammasomes and their applications in treating vascular diseases.
Negative shoot phototropism in a climber and an epiphyte
Authors: Wyka Tomasz P.
Published: July 2024

When a root‐climber Ficus pumila and an epiphyte Peperomia quadrangularis were exposed to a light gradient, over 90% of the shoots grew away from light. This is the first demonstration of negative phototropism in these species. Whereas negative phototropism may help climbers locate support, its function in epiphytes remains uncertain.
Still little evidence of poleward range shifts in the tropics, but lowland biotic attrition may be underway
Authors: Colwell Robert K. , Feeley Kenneth J.
Published: July 2024

Sixteen years ago, Colwell et al. (2008: Global warming, elevational range shifts, and lowland biotic attrition in the wet tropics. Science, 322, 258) affirmed predictions that climate change and rising global temperatures would lead to widespread upslope range shifts of tropical species but predicted that poleward range shifts would be unlikely within the terrestrial wet tropics, because of the shallow latitudinal temperature gradient. They also predicted “biotic attrition” (a net loss of species) in equatorial lowlands, where no warmer regions exist as a source of more‐thermophilic species to replace species shifting upslope. Based on three recently published literature reviews of range shifts, covering more than 450 studies and thousands of species worldwide, we document more than 20 cases of elevational range shifts within the tropics, but we find no unambiguous examples of a latitudinal range shift for any fully tropical terrestrial species. In contrast, outside the tropics, the majority of documented range shifts are latitudinal. We summarize the state of knowledge about climate‐driven species range shifts in the terrestrial tropics and highlight the potential for climate change to cause extensive and widespread declines in lowland alpha diversity.

Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
The effectiveness of exergames in improving physical activity behaviour and physical literacy domains in adolescents with developmental coordination disorder and cerebral palsy: A scoping review
Authors: Temlali Taha Yassine , Lust Jessica , Klaperski‐van der Wal Sandra , Steenbergen Bert
Published: July 2024

Background

A large proportion of adolescents with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are physically inactive. Physical literacy has been described as an important determinant in promoting health behaviours. The potential of exergames to improve physical literacy and activity has been recognized in typically developing children. The aim of the present scoping review was to identify and map the available evidence of this potential for adolescents with DCD.

Methods

A scoping review was performed via a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ERIC and CINHAIL.

Results

From 2860 search records, six studies (two studies in DCD and four studies in cerebral palsy [CP]) assessed physical activity, 12 studies discussed exergame features and 16 studies assessed physical literacy domains. In DCD, one study showed positive effects of exergaming on physical activity and the other failed to show any significant effects of exergaming. In CP, all four studies demonstrated positive effects of exergaming on energy expenditure and daily physical activity. Furthermore, positive effects of exergames on the different physical literacy domains were shown, namely motor competence, self‐concept and affect, motivation and social/experiential. Finally, exergame features including multiplayer modes, realism, game rewards, challenges and enjoyment were shown to have a significant effect on motivating and encouraging adolescents to exert more effort while playing.

Conclusion

Based on the positive effects of exergaming on physical activity in other populations, more in‐depth research in adolescents with DCD is warranted such that the decline in physical activity behaviour that is present in individuals with DCD can be counteracted. Physical literacy should be regarded as an important determinant in this regard.
One‐stage prosthodontically driven jaw reconstruction in patients with benign and malignant pathologies: A 7‐ to 11‐year cohort study
Authors: Kumar Vinay V. , Ebenezer Supriya , Viswanath Sreelakshmi , Thor Andreas
Published: July 2024

Objectives

One stage functional jaw reconstruction is defined as the resection and reconstruction of segmental defects in conjunction with the placement of dental implants in an ideal prosthetic position and loaded with a provisional restoration, during one surgical procedure. The aim of the study is to describe clinical outcomes of patients who underwent one stage functional jaw reconstruction.

Methods

Patients who underwent one‐stage functional jaw reconstruction, from January 2013 to March 2016 were recalled in 2022 and 2023. Planning and execution for the reconstruction utilized either analogue or digital techniques. Outcome parameters recorded were treatment‐related outcomes at patient level, implant‐related outcomes and patient‐reported outcome measures.

Results

Eighteen patients underwent one‐stage jaw reconstruction with a total of 57 implants. Four patients had maxillary and 14 had mandibular reconstructions. Ten patients underwent postoperative radiotherapy. Ten patients were planned using analogue and eight by digital planning. Three patients had partial flap necrosis, three patients had plate fractures, implant loss was seen in one patient and four patients died during the period. A functional prosthesis was provided in 16 out of the 18 patients.

Conclusion

One‐stage functional jaw reconstruction is a predictable method for providing rehabilitation with successful outcomes at 7–11 years. However, caution should be exercised when the treatment modality is carried out in patients with malignant pathologies who have undergone radiotherapy.
Relationship between patient activation and utilisation of health care and harm reduction services among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Baker Pieter , Genberg Becky L. , Astemborski Jacquie , Mehta Shruti H. , Kirk Gregory D. , Cepeda Javier
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Given structural barriers, access to services is key for preventing drug‐related harms and managing chronic disease among people who inject drugs (PWID). The Patient Activation Measure (PAM), a validated scale to assess self‐efficacy in navigating one's own health care, was operationalised to improve service utilisation and outcomes but has not been assessed among PWID. We characterised PAM and its association with healthcare and harm reduction utilisation among PWID in the AIDS Linked to IntraVenous Experience cohort in Baltimore.

Methods

From 2019 to 2020, participants completed surveys on PAM, service utilisation and drug use. We used log‐binomial regression to identify correlates of “Lower” PAM and modelled the association between lower PAM and service utilisation, stratified by recent IDU.

Results

Participants (n = 351) were primarily male (67%), Black (85%) and 24% reported recent IDU. Lower PAM was significantly more common in those reporting IDU (aPR 1.45; 95% CI 1.03, 2.04), heavy alcohol (aPR 1.77; 95% CI 1.24, 2.51) and marijuana (aPR: 1.70; 95% CI 1.23, 2.36) but less common among women (aPR 0.57; 95% CI 0.38, 0.84) and those living with HIV (APR 0.52; 95% CI 0.35, 0.78). In modelling service utilisation, lower PAM was associated with a lower prevalence of methadone utilisation (aPR 0.27; 95% CI 0.09, 0.84) among those reporting IDU, but a higher prevalence of methadone utilisation (aPR 2.72; 95% CI 1.46, 5.08) among those not reporting IDU, after controlling for correlates of PAM.

Discussion and Conclusion

PAM‐tailored interventions targeting methadone utilisation warrant consideration but should account for socio‐structural barriers to utilisation and correlates of PAM among PWID.
Efficacy of mitral annular velocity as an alternative marker of left ventricular global longitudinal strain to detect the risk of cancer therapy‐related cardiac disorders
Authors: Ichikawa Naoko , Nishizaki Yuji , Miyazaki Sakiko , Nojima Masahiro , Kataoka Koshi , Kasahara Risa , Takei Junko , Asano Taku , Komiyama Nobuyuki
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Left ventricular longitudinal function can be rapidly evaluated by measuring S' and mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) using tissue Doppler imaging. Even when the image quality is poor and the left ventricular endocardium is not visible, S' and MAPSE can be measured if the mitral annulus is visible. However, the utility of S' and MAPSE in diagnosing cancer therapy‐related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic performance of S' and MAPSE and determine appropriate cutoff values.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 279 breast cancer patients who underwent pre‐ or postoperative chemotherapy with anthracyclines and trastuzumab from April 2020 to November 2022. We compared echocardiographic data before chemotherapy, 6 months after chemotherapy initiation, and 1 year later. CTRCD was defined as a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction below 50%, with a decrease of ≥10% from baseline or a relative decrease in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) of ≥15%.

Results

A total of 256 participants were included in this study, with a mean age of 50.2 ± 11 years. Fifty‐six individuals (22%) developed CTRCD within 1 year after starting chemotherapy. The cutoff value for septal S' was 6.85 cm/s (AUC = .81, p < .001; sensitivity 74%; specificity 73%), and for MAPSE was 11.7 mm (AUC = .65, p = .02; sensitivity 79%; specificity 45%). None of the cases with septal S' exceeding 6.85 cm/s had an LVGLS of ≤15%.

Conclusions

Septal S' is a useful indicator for diagnosing CTRCD.

Highlights

Septal S' decreased at the same time or earlier than the decrease in LVGLS. The septal S' demonstrated higher diagnostic ability for CTRCD compared to LVGLS.
Multi‐method sampling increases detectability and assessment of spatio‐temporal interactions of mammals and birds in wetland habitats
Authors: Hood Glynnis A.
Published: July 2024

Freshwater habitats support high levels of biodiversity and provide important habitat for wetland‐dependent taxa; however, impairment of aquatic connectivity through wetland loss, stream alterations and light pollution impacts species persistence and community resilience. Quantifying occupancy of these habitats to assess their use by mammals and birds can be challenging, especially for cryptic species.

This study examines wetland habitat use by mammals and birds, and their spatial and temporal relationships within the Beaver Hills Biosphere in Alberta, Canada. As part of a multi‐method detection approach, camera boxes, cameras on beaver dams, and camera rafts allowed for multivariate analyses to determine temporal and spatial patterns of habitat use and species associations, while field sampling and environmental DNA (eDNA) provided data on site occupancy by a subset of semi‐aquatic mammals.

From ~50,000 images, over 84 species were detected, including 52 species of birds and 25 species of mammals. Several species were spatially associated, and although most species of mammals exhibited temporal overlap, there were distinct differences, especially on beaver dams where predators such as coyotes and white‐tailed deer shared the same space. Temporally, birds were detected most often during the day and mammals at night. During new moon phases, use of beaver dams by beavers decreased dramatically, and use of camera rafts by muskrats increased.

Winter field surveys allowed for a broad overview of wetland occupancy and abundance of some species, particularly by beavers and muskrats, and occasionally winter use by other semi‐aquatic mammals. Where there was limited detection of more cryptic species of semi‐aquatic mammals, eDNA analysis successfully detected American water shrew, American mink, North American river otter and northern bog lemming more often than camera and field methods.

Applying a multi‐method monitoring approach for mammals and birds in wetland habitats is critical at a time when freshwater systems are experiencing dramatic declines in relative abundance of monitored wildlife populations, with many of these species underrepresented in conventional surveys.
Real world management of individuals with severe FXI deficiency and its impact on clinical outcomes: Experience from a haemophilia treatment centre
Authors: Wu S Julia , Cacciola‐Price Nicholas J. , Goldberg Ilene , DeSancho Maria T.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The management of Factor XI deficiency is challenged by a variable association between FXI level and bleeding phenotype. Additionally, there is scarce data describing management strategies and their outcomes, specifically bleeding, thrombosis, and other complications.

Aims

To evaluate bleeding, thrombosis, and other complications in individuals with severe FXI deficiency seen in our comprehensive haemophilia treatment centre (HTC). Peri‐procedural management strategies and the resulting impact on bleeding and other clinically relevant outcomes were reported.

Methods

Retrospective review of the electronic medical record of adult patients with severe FXI deficiency (< 20% activity) seen at a New York City comprehensive HTC between 2017 and 2022. Procedures, haemostatic management, and outcomes were collected and analysed.

Results

We identified 38 individuals (64%) females with severe FXI deficiency. The mean age was 56 ± 21 years (SD). The median FXI activity level was 3% (IQR: 1–8%). The mean BAT score was 3.1 ± 2.4; (52%) individuals did not have a history of bleeding. A total of 256 surgeries and procedures were performed. There was reduced bleeding with preventative or reactive treatment during procedures. Arterial but not venous thrombotic complications were observed. Plasma was mostly used for procedures associated with higher risk of bleeding and antifibrinolytics for procedures at sites of high fibrinolysis.

Conclusions

Current management strategies pose a burden of care for these patients and manifested as nonbleeding adverse events and changes in clinical management. These findings highlight the need for novel investigation in predicting and managing bleeding for individuals with severe FXI deficiency.
Tocilizumab use in giant cell arteritis: comparing Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme eligible and ineligible cases in South Australia
Authors: Robinson Lucinda , Hamden Maddison , Griggs Kim , Simon Sumu , Hill Catherine , Limaye Vidya , Proudman Susanna
Published: July 2024

Tocilizumab (TCZ) is increasingly used as a steroid‐sparing agent in giant cell arteritis (GCA), but there are strict Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) restrictions for its use in Australia. Patients who do not meet the PBS criteria can obtain TCZ through public hospital individual patient use (IPU) schemes which may not be universally accessible. We compared patients receiving IPU‐approved TCZ with patients receiving PBS‐subsidised TCZ and found IPU approvals were granted mainly for visual loss, a serious complication of GCA, in patients who otherwise failed to meet PBS criteria. Further studies demonstrating that TCZ is comparatively more effective than prednisolone monotherapy, as well as cost‐effective, are needed to substantiate the rationale for expanding PBS approval criteria.
Dealing With a Stressful Extra Duty: The Intrapersonal Conflict Experiences of Nurses Caring for Survivors of Suicide Attempts on Medical–Surgical Wards
Authors: Lyu Xiao‐Chen , Chen Cheng , Lee Li‐Hung , Akkadechanunt Thitinut , Yang Cheng‐I , Tao Xiu‐Bin
Published: July 2024

Nurses are the frontline professionals caring for patients who have attempted suicide. When clinical nurses learn from medical records or nursing handover, or are proactively informed by patients or family members, that the patients they are caring for have suicidal tendencies, they often experience pressure and face challenges. However, little attention has been given to the experiences of the nurses caring for patients with suicidal intent on medical and surgical wards. We aimed to address this knowledge gap. The purpose of this study was to explore medical and surgical nurses' experiences, especially the internal conflicts they might experience while caring for patients who have a history of attempted suicide. A qualitative descriptive design and semi‐structured interviews were used in this study. Twenty‐three nurses were recruited and interviewed individually. Data were analysed by qualitative content analysis. The focus of this paper is to examine the emergent theme of intrapersonal conflict experienced by the participants. Nurses' experiences can be clustered into two themes: (1) Pity and annoyance and (2) Hard work does not necessarily pay off. Intrapersonal conflict was identified by participants as considerable fear and anxiety about the possibility of a patient's suicide, as well as a mixture of pity for and annoyance with the patients. Nurses feel sorry for such patients, but they are also annoyed by the extra work required to prevent suicide attempts in the ward. Additionally, having limited time and ability, they see that their hard work does not necessarily pay off and may sometimes lead to punishment. Our findings raise serious concerns about the adequacy of the knowledge of the nurses, their competence and their difficulties in caring for such patients. In addition, there is a need to provide them with appropriate on‐the‐job education and immediate emotional support relevant to caring for survivors of suicide attempts.
Eco‐friendly glass wet etching for MEMS application: A review
Authors: Choi Kyeonggon , Kim Seung‐Wook , Lee Jae‐Hyoung , Chu Baojin , Jeong Dae‐Yong
Published: July 2024

Glass is one of the most essential materials in various industrial fields. A representative application is as interposers in the semiconductor and display industries and microfluidic devices in the bio‐industry. Due to technological advancements, electric devices and various products are becoming lighter and smaller. Consequently, precision processing of the substrate is becoming increasingly important. One significant leading technology among these is through glass via (TGV) technology, which is attracting attention as a future alternative to through silicon via. In particular, TGV should be capable of microfabrication with a large aspect ratio and a consistent small hole size. TGV is typically fabricated using a wet etching process, so wet etching technology is a prominent focus in microfabrication. However, glass has isotropic properties, making achieving a high aspect ratio difficult. Traditionally, research on the wet etching method using hydrofluoric acid (HF) has been conducted. Nevertheless, HF etching has several disadvantages, including air pollution and human harm. Additional studies have been performed to address these issues. This review paper will cover the conventional HF‐based wet etching method and alternative HF etching processes (eco‐friendly materials). This technology would significantly help overcome the traditional problems associated with HF etching and fabricating precision‐processed glass in the semiconductor, display, and bio‐device industries.
The impact of legal representation in Israeli traffic courts: Addressing selection bias and generalizability problems
Authors: Assy Rabeea , Carmel Tomer
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the impact of legal representation on the process and outcomes of legal proceedings, focusing on Israeli traffic courts dealing with simple traffic offenses. It finds that legal representation significantly increased defendants' prospects of obtaining plea bargains and of avoiding demerits points. However, legally represented defendants were also exposed to higher fines compared to self‐represented defendants. Since points are typically the primary concern for defendants, we contend that legal representation improved case outcomes, overall. Considering the simplicity of the process, the minimal legal expertise required, and the low stakes involved, the representation effect was unexpectedly robust. This effect may potentially be even stronger in more complex cases and where the stakes are higher. Unlike previous observational studies, this study reduces the risks associated with selection bias and produces findings that are more credible and potentially generalizable to other contexts.
The effect of teamwork, communication skills, and structural empowerment on the provision of patient‐centered care among nurses in Eswatini: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dlamini Bonkhe Brian , Park Myonghwa
Published: July 2024

Aims

To identify the influence of teamwork, communication skills, and structural empowerment on providing patient‐centered care among nurses in Eswatini.

Design

A quantitative, cross‐sectional survey was used.

Methods

This survey conducted in Eswatini selected registered nurses working as full‐time nurses with more than 3 months of working experience using convenience sampling. Different measures were adopted and used to collect data among 130 eligible nurses from February to March 2022. Data were analyzed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences version 26.0.

Results

A total of 123 nurses responded in the study and the mean age was 31.05 years with a standard deviation of 5.49. The overall response rate was 94.6% in this study. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that teamwork (β = 0.236, p < 0.05) and communication skills (β = 0.328, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of the provision of patient‐centered care among nurses.

Conclusion

Team‐building exercises and management interventions to empower nurses should be established to improve the provision of patient‐centered care among nurses. Nurses should be empowered to provide patient‐centered care in health facilities by encouraging them to provide their input in management procedures and planning programs.

Impact

Clinical practice requires nurses to use effective communication skills and work as a team. Nursing care established on teamwork, respect, empathy, and communication skills allows patients to express their concerns and views in health facilities as they feel involved in care.

Patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution in this paper. This study only involved registered nurses as health professionals.
Growth patterns of facial muscles at the angle of the mouth: A histological study using midterm and near‐term human fetuses
Authors: Takahashi Sakiko , Ishizuka Satoshi , Kitamura Kei , Yang Tianyi , Abe Shin‐ichi , Murakami Gen , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Jose Francisco
Published: July 2024

At the angle of the mouth, spoke‐like muscle bundles converge at the “modiolus,” which is believed to appear in utero. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth of the modiolus histologically. We studied frontal histological sections of the face from 12 midterm and six near‐term fetuses. At midterm, a convergence of the levator anguli oris (LAOM) and depressor anguli oris (DAOM) was frequently present, and another convergence of the LAOM with the platysma (PM) or orbicularis oris (OOM) was also often evident. At near‐term, muscle fiber merging or interdigitation was classified into nine combinations, five of which were frequently seen: LAOM‐PM, LAOM‐DAOM, zygomaticus major (ZMM)‐orbicularis oris (OOM), buccinator (BM)‐LAOM, and BM‐PM. These combinations existed at slightly different depths and/or sites, thus allowing the angle of the mouth to receive multiple muscles. Notably, tissues interposed between the muscle fibers were limited to a thin epimysium at each crossing or interdigitation. Therefore, the LAOM, DAOM, OOM, BM, and PM appear to form a basic configuration at birth, but the development and growth were much delayed than the classical description. The modiolus is not a specific fibromuscular structure but simply represents a cluster of muscle convergence sites. Even at meeting between an elevator and depressor, a specific fibrous structure seems unlikely to connect the epimysium for the muscle convergence. Instead, the central nervous system appears to regulate the activity of related muscles to minimize tension or friction stress at the meeting site.
From identifying patient safety risks to reporting patient complaints: A grounded theory study on patients' hospital experiences
Authors: Gyberg Anna , Brezicka Thomas , Wijk Helle , Ulin Kerstin
Published: July 2024

Aim

To explore how patients with hospital experience construct patient safety, from the identification of a patient safety risk to the decision to file a complaint.

Background

Patients play an important role in the prevention of adverse events in hospitals, but the ability of patients to act and influence their own safety is still challenged by multiple factors. Understanding how patients perceive risk and act to prevent harm may shed light on how to enhance patients' opportunities to participate in patient safety.

Design

The research design of this study is qualitative and exploratory.

Methods

Twelve participants who had experienced Swedish hospital care were interviewed between June 2022 and July 2023. The method of analysis was constructivist grounded theory, focusing on social processes. The COREQ checklist for qualitative research was followed.

Results

Four categories were constructed: (1) defining the boundary between one's own capacity and that of the hospital, (2) acting to minimize the impact on one's safety, (3) finding oneself in the hands of healthcare professionals and (4) exploring the boundaries between normality and abnormality of the situation. This process was captured in the core category of navigating the path of least suffering. This illustrated how the participants constructed meaning about patient safety risks and showed that they prevented multiple adverse events.

Conclusions

Provided that participants were able to act independently, they avoided a multitude of adverse events. When they were dependent on healthcare professionals, their safety became more vulnerable. Failure to respond to the participants' concerns could lead to long‐term suffering.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

By responding immediately to patients' concerns about their safety, healthcare professionals can help prevent avoidable suffering and exhaustive searching for someone in the healthcare system who will take their needs seriously.

Patient Contribution

A member check was performed with the help of one of the participants who read the findings to confirm familiarity.
Follow‐up clarifications concerning the authors' reply to the ‘look at the elephant!’ comment on ‘prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in adult obstructive sleep apnoea patients: A cross‐sectional controlled study’
Authors: Bernkopf Edoardo , Nardone Massimiliano , Capriotti Vincenzo
Published: July 2024

OSAS and TMDs represent multifactorial nosologic entities, whose central, functional and psycho‐social aspects are gaining growing attention within the scientific community. In our previous commentary, we wanted to point out that structural aspects should not be forgotten in a clinical and research context. The inherent complexity of the matter could make it difficult to quantify the exact contribution of every single factor. The multifaceted nature of OSAS and TMDs pathophysiology could sustain several phenotypes in both conditions, and the anatomic parameters may assume different weights according to each phenotype, possibly justifying literature discrepancies. Thus, a patient with a co‐existing OSAS and TMD (umbrella terms per se, each of them including different pathophysiological and clinical characteristics) represents an even greater challenge to researchers and practitioners. The scientific and therapeutic community should keep on looking for evidence to offer the best possible answers to such daring questions, in the most collaborative and fruitful way.