bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract B05: The RNA-binding protein HuR enhances exosome secretion in colorectal cancer
Authors: Preet Ranjan , Hung Wei-Ting , Zhuang Shufei , Christenson Lane K. , Dixon Dan A.
Published: March 2017

Enhanced secretion of exosomes by cancer cells is recognized as a means of transferring oncogenic information within the tumor microenvironment. Through their ability to carry specific RNA and protein cargo, tumor-derived exosomes are now being recognized for their ability to impact the tumor microenvironment and as promising cancer biomarkers. However, our knowledge of the cellular factors that promote increased exosome production from tumor cells and how they impact the loading of specific tumor-promoting RNA cargo is limited. Our prior work has established that colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and tumors overexpress the key RNA-binding protein HuR (ELAVL1) early in GI tumor development. When overexpressed and present in the cytoplasm, HuR can promote mRNA stabilization of tumor-promoting genes through binding of 3'UTR AU-rich elements (ARE). These same mRNAs are within tumor-derived exosomes, suggesting a role for HuR. To test this, Tet-regulated HuR-inducible HeLa cells were used to demonstrate that cytoplasmic HuR overexpression promoted a 4-fold increase in exosome production. Furthermore, HuR was detected in exosomes produced only from HuR-overexpressing cells. The presence of HuR in exosomes directly impacted mRNA cargo, as selective uptake of ARE-containing mRNAs were observed in exosomes derived from HuR overexpressing cells. To assess if these effects were seen in CRC cells that endogenously overexpress HuR, exosome levels from CRC cells were compared to normal human intestinal epithelial and myofibroblast cells. CRC cells secrete ~3-fold greater exosome levels than normal cells and enhanced exosome production was dependent upon HuR. siRNA knockdown and CRISPER/Cas9 knockout of HuR in CRC cells showed a >2-fold decrease in secreted exosomes, similar to the levels observed in normal cells. Furthermore, HuR knockout CRC cells showed a ~3-fold reduction in xenograft tumor growth compared to parental CRC cells. These findings were reflected in vivo where GI-tumor bearing APCMin/+ mice produced ~3-fold more serum exosomes, with HuR as exosomal cargo in APCMin/+ mice, whereas limited expression of exosomal HuR was detected in wild-type mice. This work has identified a novel connection between HuR-mediated post-transcriptional regulation and tumor-derived exosome production, along with providing the first preclinical evidence indicating the presence of exosomal HuR as a serum-based CRC biomarker.

Citation Format: Ranjan Preet, Wei-Ting Hung, Shufei Zhuang, Lane K. Christenson, Dan A. Dixon. The RNA-binding protein HuR enhances exosome secretion in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; 2016 Sep 17-20; Tampa, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B05.
Abstract IA10: Precision chemoprevention with aspirin
Authors: Chan Andrew T.
Published: March 2017

Remarkably consistent experimental and epidemiologic evidence demonstrates that aspirin is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. Five placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among individuals with a history of colorectal neoplasia showed that aspirin reduced the risk of recurrent adenomatous polyps, the precursors of the vast majority of cancers. Additionally, data from long-term follow-up of a RCT of aspirin among individuals with the Lynch hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome and a RCT of aspirin among women for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer demonstrated a lower risk of colorectal cancer associated with randomized aspirin treatment. As a reflection of the strength of the evidence, the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated its primary prevention guidelines for aspirin in 2016. The USPSTF provided low-dose aspirin (81 mg/day) with a recommendation for chronic disease prophylaxis, including colorectal cancer prevention, among U.S. adults between ages 50-59, and possibly ages 60-69, with a greater than 10% ten-year risk of cardiovascular events. The new USPSTF recommendation represents a significant milestone for the field of preventive medicine. With the exception of tamoxifen for women at high-risk for breast cancer, this is the first medication recommended for cancer prevention by USPSTF guidelines. Despite this advance, broader recommendations for aspirin chemoprevention are limited by concerns about risk-benefit profile in view of the established association of aspirin with gastrointestinal bleeding. Thus, in concert with broader efforts to tailor prevention strategies, our group has led several studies into the mechanistic basis of aspirin's anti-cancer effect that has led to the development of intratumoral, germline, and circulating molecular correlates of outcomes. Such biomarkers can be exploited for risk stratification to more effectively target aspirin chemoprevention for those with more favorable risk-benefit profiles. In this presentation, we will review the evidence supporting a role for aspirin in the prevention and treatment of cancer, with a focus on novel strategies for molecular risk stratification.

Citation Format: Andrew T. Chan. Precision chemoprevention with aspirin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; 2016 Sep 17-20; Tampa, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
Abstract IA28: Molecular pathological epidemiology of risk factors and CRC microbial and immune characteristics
Authors: Ogino Shuji
Published: March 2017

Innate and adaptive immunity plays an important role during carcinogenesis and tumor evolution. Evidence indicates that modifiable factors such as aspirin use, physical activity, obesity, smoking, alcohol, diet, and gut microbiota can influence not only cancer risk and outcome but also the human immune system. In addition, tumor molecular pathology and immunity influence each other. Over the past years, molecular pathology and epidemiology has been united to develop the integrative field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE). Recently, we have further integrated cancer immunology and MPE, into a new model of “immuno-MPE”. Immuno-MPE utilizes the MPE research framework to test statistical heterogeneity of the differential associations with tumor subtypes, and can decipher the relations between risk factors and subtypes classified by immune response status. We conducted proof-of-principle studies utilizing two large U.S.-nationwide prospective cohort studies (the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study). We have shown that plasma vitamin D level (Song M et al. Gut 2016), germline genetic variation (IBD risk allele rs11676348) (Khalili H et al. Carcinogenesis 2015), and marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (Song M et al. JAMA Oncology 2016) are associated with altered risk of specific immune subtypes of colorectal carcinoma. We have also shown that tumor neoantigen loads (Giannakis M et al. Cell Reports 2016), CD274 (PD-L1) expression (Masugi Y et al. Gut 2016), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Mima K et al. JAMA Oncology 2015) are associated with densities of CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO+, or FOXP3+ T cells or lymphocytic response (eg., Crohn's-like lymphoid reaction, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, TILs) in rectal and colon cancer. Recently, we have shown that certain dietary patterns are associated with altered risk of colorectal cancer enriched with F. nucleatum, suggesting interactive carcinogenic roles of food, nutrients, and microflora (microbiome). The immuno-MPE approach can integrate tumor and immune data together with exposure risk factors and outcome. Immuno-MPE can not only give insights on how risk factors can interact with the immune system to modify cancer incidence, recurrence and survival, but also help develop strategies of immunoprevention and immunotherapy for precision medicine.

Citation Format: Shuji Ogino. Molecular pathological epidemiology of risk factors and CRC microbial and immune characteristics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; 2016 Sep 17-20; Tampa, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA28.
Abstract P4-03-08: Mechanisms of CD8+ T cell immunosuppression in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Gruosso T , Gigoux M , Bertos N , Zuo D , Manem V , Monette A , Lapointe R , Haibe-Kains B , Park M
Published: March 2017

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined as tumors lacking expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), are especially difficult to treat effectively. While ER+ and HER2+ breast cancer subtypes can be treated with Tamoxifen and Herceptin, respectively, there are no targeted therapies for TNBC patients. Furthermore, while only 20-30% of TNBC patients respond to chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting, overall outcome remains poor for non-responding patients. However, mounting evidence suggests that immune-checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies may be especially promising for TNBC patients. We and others have shown that the presence of CD8+ T cells, a crucial component of the cytotoxic arm of the adaptive immune response, is a sign of good clinical outcome in TNBC patients. However, good outcome only correlates with CD8 +T cell invasion of the tumor parenchyma. Some patients had an accumulation of CD8+ T cells in the surrounding tumor-associated stroma, but not the tumor epithelia, and these patients responded as poorly as patients with no CD8 T cells at all. Yet how cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the dominant cell type of the tumor-associated stroma, affects CD8+ T cell invasion into the tumor epithelia is still poorly understood. To identify potential stroma-dependent mechanisms which potentiate or inhibit CD8+ T cells invasion into the tumor epithelia, we performed gene expression profiling of laser-capture microdissected tumor-associated stroma (and matched epithelia) from 38 TNBC cases. Here we identify several stromal and epithelial canonical pathways as well as biomarkers that are associated with and may explain the accumulation of CD8 T cells outside of the tumor epithelia.

Citation Format: Gruosso T, Gigoux M, Bertos N, Zuo D, Manem V, Monette A, Lapointe R, Haibe-Kains B, Park M. Mechanisms of CD8+ T cell immunosuppression in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-03-08.
Abstract P5-09-08: Molecular evaluation of Peruvian patients with hereditary breast cancer reveals a novel germline mutation in BRCA1
Authors: Ponce J , Vigil C , Araujo JM , Castañeda C , Calderon G , Buleje JL , Acosta O , Danos P , Huaman F , Guevara-Fujita ML , Aguilar A , Pinto JA , Gomez HL , Fujita R
Published: March 2017

Background

Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women worldwide, while in Peru is the second most frequent cancer with a high incidence of triple negative breast cancers (21%). There is no previous information about BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations in Peruvian high-risk breast cancer patients. Prior studies from International diagnostic laboratories only presented results of our population as a pooled Hispanic data. Our aim was to characterize mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes in Peruvian patients with breast cancer with hereditary patterns.

Methods

We evaluated mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes by Sanger sequencing and large genomic rearrangements by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) in 18 families with hereditary breast cancer criteria identified at the Breast Unit of Oncosalud-AUNA (Lima-Peru). Molecular analysis was done in the facilities of Genetics and Molecular Biology Center at the San Martin de Porres University (Lima-Peru).

Results

Sequencing identified 4 pathogenic mutations in 4/18 families, three previously detected (BRCA1: c.302-1G>C y c.815_824dup10; BRCA2: c.5946delT) and a novel germline mutation in exon 15 of BRCA1 (c.4647_4648dupAA, ClinVar SCV000256598.1) producing a frameshift variant. MLPA revealed 2 amplifications in exon 7 (duplication and triplication) in BRCA1 in unrelated patients with potential pathogenic effects, one of this co-existed with the BRCA2: c.5946delT mutation. In addition, three variants of uncertain significance were found (c.140G>T, in exon 5 of BRCA1 and c.464G>A and c.938C>T in exon 5 and 10 of BRCA2, respectively).

Conclusions

After a comprehensive evaluation we found an alteration rate of 27.8% (5/18) in BRCA1/BRCA2 in families with criteria for hereditary breast cancer. We reported BRCA1 c.4647_4648dupAA as a novel mutation. Further studies including a larger sample size of Peruvian patients should evaluate the prevalence or founder effect of this mutation in our population.

Citation Format: Ponce J, Vigil C, Araujo JM, Castañeda C, Calderon G, Buleje JL, Acosta O, Danos P, Huaman F, Guevara-Fujita ML, Aguilar A, Pinto JA, Gomez HL, Fujita R. Molecular evaluation of Peruvian patients with hereditary breast cancer reveals a novel germline mutation in BRCA1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-09-08.
Abstract P5-14-04: Effects of dose-dense chemotherapy on recurrence and cause-specific mortality in women with early breast cancer: A meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials
Authors: Gray R , Bradley R , Braybrooke J , Davies C , Pan H , Peto R , Bliss J , Bruzzi P , Cameron D , Del Mastro L , Norton L ,   For the EBCTCG
Published: March 2017

This abstract was withdrawn by the authors.
Abstract A21: Representations of cancer as a national security threat: An examination of public health and public policy discourse
Authors: Ray Amanda , Dwyer Wesley
Published: March 2017

Background: Over the past several decades, practices of western medicine, especially in the context of public health, have become increasingly tied with state security apparatuses. These methodological and epistemological shifts in framing public health in terms of national security have shaped the ways that health care has been performed and articulated, as well as the ways in which both state and private actors have been granted participatory access within fields traditionally reserved for security experts or medical professionals. Since the attacks of September 11th, 2001 against the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, there has been significant medicalization of foreign political actors on the United States' list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs) in particular, with both oncologists and national security planners continually using the metaphor of cancer to describe the organizations themselves, as well as the behavior, intentions, and motivations of these groups.

Methods: This project utilized a mixed method approach employing discourse analysis, with an emphasis on metaphor analysis, to examine the way that cancer is deployed as an ideological technology within United States policy planning documents, Department of Defense publications, popular media articles covering the War on Terror, and speeches by senior political figures. This research uses these same methods to examine the ways in which the field of cancer biology/cancer medicine utilizes or participates in constructing the threat of political groups designated as FTOs through academic publications, popular media, and professional research in service of, or funded by, national security interests.

Results: The equation of cancer and war generally, and terrorism specifically, by both medical professionals and national security experts is broad and serves a number of ideological purposes. Often this is done with the explicit purpose of justifying violence against marginalized political groups designated as Foreign Terrorist Organizations by the United States, though public awareness and funding were often found as motivations as well. Several of the cancer metaphors we encountered from security experts were imprecise and medically inaccurate in their descriptions, though still rhetorically powerful in how they were deployed. Given the importance in how the work of medical practitioners is depicted and its influence on how many types of health care are received, especially by marginalized communities, more work is needed in this area.

Citation Format: Amanda Ray, Wesley Dwyer. Representations of cancer as a national security threat: An examination of public health and public policy discourse. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A21.
Abstract A41: [Advocate Abstract:] Thriving
Authors: Watson Yasmeem
Published: March 2017

Quality of life is important. My mission is to simply help people pick up the pieces after cancer. People need to know that they can thrive after a cancer diagnosis. Advocacy is very rewarding because there is change on the horizon. Through research and providing information about life post cancer diagnosis, survivors can obtain a better quality of life.

Citation Format: Yasmeem Watson. [Advocate Abstract:] Thriving. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A41.
Abstract A45: Informing community participants of research: Multiple strategies from Project HEAL
Authors: Santos Sherie Lou Zara , Holt Cheryl L. , Scheirer Mary Ann , Haider Muhiuddin , Slade Jimmie , Carter Roxanne
Published: March 2017

Project HEAL (Health through Early Awareness and Learning) is a community-based participatory research (CBPR) project utilizing a community health advisor (CHA) model that aims to improve cancer screening behaviors among African Americans in 14 churches throughout Prince George's County, Maryland. Participants attend a CHA-led 3-workshop series on cancer early detection that is based on three evidence-based interventions. Follow-up workshops are held at 12- and 24-months to assess project sustainability and health-related behavior change. The success of longitudinal CBPR and implementation studies such as Project HEAL rely heavily on relationship building in the early phases at all participant levels (e.g., pastor, CHA, workshop participant) and relationship maintenance throughout the study period. A key aspect of CBPR studies and maintaining rapport with participants and community members is reporting back findings in a lay accessible, health-literate fashion. Project HEAL utilized multiple strategies and channels to report data and research findings and share project-related news back to project participants: annual reports; PowerPoint presentations delivered at the 12- and 24- month follow-up workshops; and a final testimonial video featuring project pastors, CHAs, and workshop participants. Each piece was developed and implemented with health literacy, lay person accessibility, and various platform preferences (e.g., paper-based, audio [workshop presentation], video) in mind. These methods were successful in maintaining good relationships with workshop participants as shown by the 84% response rate achieved on the final participant survey 24 months after the workshop intervention. We present our experiences to provide guidance for future longitudinal implementation CBPR research in community- and faith-based contexts.

Citation Format: Sherie Lou Zara Santos, Cheryl L. Holt, Mary Ann Scheirer, Muhiuddin Haider, Jimmie Slade, Roxanne Carter. Informing community participants of research: Multiple strategies from Project HEAL. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A45.
Abstract A58: Cancer and Genetic Testing on Pinterest and Instagram: Who Posts What?
Authors: Miller Carrie , Jeanine Guidry
Published: March 2017

Social media plays a significant role in health information seeking behaviors, yet little is known about online social media discussions of cancer and genetic testing. Enhanced understanding of what cancer and genetic testing information is available and how it is spread on social media may inform strategies to communicate risk and improve cancer care, especially among the traditionally medically underserved, including racial minorities. This study will examine racial differences in the content of pins and posts related to cancer, including cancer risk awareness and genetic testing, among social media users.

Grounded in risk perception theories, this study focuses on how the public discusses cancer and genetic testing on social media. Race will be ascertained from available user data and in addition, a comparison between two visual social media platforms will be used to explore racial differences; specifically between Pinterest, with a predominantly White user base and the more racially diverse user base of the Instagram platform. In a quantitative content analysis, a random sample of 500 Pinterest pins and 500 Instagram posts using the keywords/hashtags “cancer” and “genetic testing” were collected. The analysis focuses on the type and source of information posted and presence of risk communication variables, as well as the frequency of repins, likes and comments. Analyses are ongoing and will be completed by August 15, 2016.

Study findings will provide insights for public health researchers about communication related to cancer and genetic testing on visual social platforms Pinterest and Instagram. Results will address a gap in the literature regarding the use and sources of posts and risk communication variables among racial minorities, and afford an imperative first step in informing the development of social media-based interventions to reduce cancer health disparities.

Citation Format: Carrie Miller, Guidry Jeanine. Cancer and Genetic Testing on Pinterest and Instagram: Who Posts What? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A58.
Abstract A84: Perceived Social Support Moderates the Associations between Race-Based Medical Suspicion and Perceptions of Cancer Treatment
Authors: Stanton Sarah C. E. , Penner Louis A. , Eggly Susan , Harper Felicity W. K. , Hamel Lauren M. , Foster Tanina , Simon Michael S. , Barton Ellen , Chapman Robert A. , Albrecht Terrance L.
Published: March 2017

Background: Decades of research have demonstrated the salutary effects of higher perceived social support on thoughts and feelings about one's health. Separate work has shown that Black patients with higher race-based medical suspicion have more negative perceptions of their healthcare. Prior studies have not systematically investigated the extent to which perceived social support is related to medical suspicion in Black cancer populations. Purpose: We specifically explored whether larger social network size and higher social support satisfaction moderated negative perceptions and feelings typically experienced by Black patients scoring high on suspicion. Methods: 114 Black cancer patients reported their social support and suspicion at a baseline session. One week later, they interacted with their oncologist about initial treatment options during a clinic visit. Following the interaction, patients reported their uncertainty regarding the recommended treatment, perceived difficulty completing treatment, and distress. Results: Moderation results showed that larger social network size was related to less uncertainty and less perceived difficulty completing treatment for Black patients low in suspicion. However, larger social network size failed to reduce uncertainty and perceived difficulty and exacerbated distress for Black patients high in suspicion. Social support satisfaction moderated only the relation between medical suspicion and perceived difficulty. Conclusions: Social support is associated with distinct cancer treatment perceptions for Black cancer patients as a function of patients' suspicion, which may be explained by entrenchment in a social network that reinforces negative personal biases.

Citation Format: Sarah C. E. Stanton, Louis A. Penner, Susan Eggly, Felicity W. K. Harper, Lauren M. Hamel, Tanina Foster, Michael S. Simon, Ellen Barton, Robert A. Chapman, Terrance L. Albrecht. Perceived Social Support Moderates the Associations between Race-Based Medical Suspicion and Perceptions of Cancer Treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A84.
Abstract A87: [Advocate Abstract:] Bridging the Gap Between Science and Patient Advocacy
Authors: Dornan Wayne
Published: March 2017

There are plenty of ways that scientific community and cancer advocacy community can partner. Both parties face the cancer priorities each day. It is imperative to advocate for the cancer drug parity act, advocate for better access to clinical trials, and educate survivors. It is understandable that researchers lose track of the bigger picture, however advocates can provide a cancer survivor's perspective to incredible talented group of scientist who are the front lines in the battle to cure cancer.

Citation Format: Wayne Dornan. [Advocate Abstract:] Bridging the Gap Between Science and Patient Advocacy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A87.
Abstract B48: Cancer Stem Cells: characteristics, roles in metastatic disease and targeting therapy for the medically underserved
Authors: Morgatskaya Zhenya , Mokhtari Reza Bayat , Tyker Albina , Kazemi Parandis , Homayouni Tina , Baluch Narges , Dhalla Sara , Rekhi Shreya , Kumar Sushil , Yeger Herman
Published: March 2017

Cancer stem cells have been observed to lead to the proliferation and relapse of cancers. While they share many properties with normal stem cells, CSCs are distinguished by their incredibly high survivability, drug resistance, and the ability to facilitate tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the origin, major properties used to identify and characterize CSCs, and also how they behave and are regulated with tumor progression and metastasis. In addition, we discuss multiple therapeutic strategies that were developed to target CSCs. Amongst these we review several natural compounds that in recent studies have shown great potential for preventing tumorigenesis and in the treatment of cancer cells by interacting with CSCs. Natural compounds are being widely researched for efficacy as cancer and CSC targeting agents. Natural drugs consume much less funding to produce. Also, as dietary compounds, they are less stigmatized by patients than artificially synthesized drugs, and they are inexpensive and available to even the medically underserved. Finally, we discuss several strategies that are used to maximize the effect of therapeutic strategies on the CSC fraction and further directions for this field of tumor biology.

Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.

Citation Format: Zhenya Morgatskaya, Reza Bayat Mokhtari, Albina Tyker, Parandis Kazemi, Tina Homayouni, Narges Baluch, Sara Dhalla, Shreya Rekhi, Sushil Kumar, Herman Yeger. Cancer Stem Cells: characteristics, roles in metastatic disease and targeting therapy for the medically underserved. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B48.
Abstract B82: Provision of free breast and cervical cancer screening programs in medically underserved communities: Evidence from the screen, same-day results and treat model in Texas
Authors: Brown Jameisha B.
Published: March 2017

PURPOSE This evidenced-based community cancer screening model provides free breast and cervical cancer screenings with same-day results and health education consultations to women living in communities identified as medically underserved in Texas.

METHODS A volunteer-led collaboration comprised of a team of multidisciplinary healthcare professionals (i.e., pathologists, breast and gynecologic oncologists, radiologist, health educators, lay health advisors and doctoral students), organized a trademarked screening model that targeted medically underserved screening-eligible women between 21-65 years with: 1) clinical breast exams and mobile mammography unit with a radiologist on-board, 2) Papanicolaou (pap) test, 3) same-day pap results, 4) group health education consultations, and 5) navigation to treatment/follow-up care and medical home that accommodated fourteen languages.

RESULTS More than (N=750) women attended free one-day screening programs during a three-year period. Never or rarely been screened (N=673) women received breast exam, pelvic and pap tests. Women (N=55) had abnormal pap tests, of these (N=28) undertook same-day colposcopy, a visual inspection of cervix with biopsy, and (N=9) a Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure. Mammograms (N=76) and breast Fine Needle Aspirations (N=2) were provided for those with a palpable breast neoplasm. Breast abnormalities (N=15) and malignancies (N=4) were detected. Women received Human Papillomavirus (N=25), HIV (N=42), Syphilis (N=42) and Hepatitis C (N=107) testing based on availability. All women attended at least three of eight health education sessions on topics on risk-reduction behaviors and clinical research participation related to cancer and chronic diseases. Women were predominately Hispanic, low-income, uninsured or under-insured, and between ages 40-49.

CONCLUSIONS Barriers that impede medically underserved women from seeking cancer screenings are well-documented, including cost, health insurance and healthcare availability for vulnerable populations. Providing free cancer screening days with same-day results where the most vulnerable women live coupled with culturally-tailored health education content can encourage continued healthcare utilization and preventative screening seeking behavior.

Citation Format: Jameisha B. Brown. Provision of free breast and cervical cancer screening programs in medically underserved communities: Evidence from the screen, same-day results and treat model in Texas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B82.
Abstract C19: [Advocate Abstract:] The Buffalo/Niagara Witness Project: Saving Lives
Authors: Anderson Averl
Published: March 2017

The Buffalo/Niagara Witness Project educates participants on early cancer detection through stories told by breast and cervical cancer survivors in churches and community settings. My poster will show progress made with the project in the Western New York-region over the past five years regarding breast cancer awareness, screening, navigation, and treatment.

Citation Format: Averl Anderson. [Advocate Abstract:] The Buffalo/Niagara Witness Project: Saving Lives. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C19.
Abstract IA18: Using mixed-methods to enhance culturally sensitive interventions
Authors: Lu Qian
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the application of mixed methods research designs to generate and test culturally sensitive interventions. The presenter introduces mixed methods related to different phases of programmatic intervention studies, including development of the intervention, implementation of the intervention, testing the intervention, interpretation of the findings, and refining existing or developing new interventions. Qualitative methods are used before, during, or after the intervention to inform a better intervention design, to provide understandings of the implementation process, and to explore the in-depth explanation of quantitative results. Quantitative data are collected before, during, and after the intervention to test the effects and mechanisms of the intervention. The presenter uses examples from intervention studies conducted with the Chinese American cancer survivors in the U.S to illustrate the application of mixed methods designs and programmatic approaches to developing and evaluating culturally specific intervention programs.

Citation Format: Qian Lu. Using mixed-methods to enhance culturally sensitive interventions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
Abstract IA20: Cancer in Sexual and Gender Minority populations
Authors: Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Schabath Matthew B.
Published: March 2017

Introduction: The LGBTQ population, also known as sexual and gender minorities (SGM) has increased risks for some cancers, not because of sexual orientation or gender identity (SOGI), but due to risk behaviors more prevalent in this population. Risk factors include higher rates of obesity, smoking, and alcohol use. The conundrum of these risk behaviors is that they are likely to have developed as a result of perceptions of stigmatization, marginalization, and overt discrimination. Further, the oncology community may not be trained in the unique needs of this population and institutions may not be collecting sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data appropriately or at all.

Methods: The presentation will focus on two areas: 1) An overview of the seven cancer sites disproportionately affecting LGBTQ populations, reviewing the current available literature on, primary prevention, secondary prevention and preclinical disease, tertiary prevention and late stage disease, clinical implications and psychosocial factors related to cancer survivorship and 2) Results from a 38 item, national survey of 500 oncologists knowledge, attitudes, and practice behaviors with LGBTQ cancer patients.

Results: Anal, Breast, Cervical, Colorectal, Endometrial, Lung, and Prostate cancer disproportionately affect the LGBTQ community. 153 oncologists (37% response rate) completed the survey. Results showed low rates of knowledge about LGBTQ health; high rates of comfort and confidence in caring for LGBTQ (95%); low rates of collecting SOGI data (11.4% collect sexual orientation; ~19% collect gender identity)

Conclusions: Greater acceptance of SGM in the healthcare setting is needed for disclosure to occur more routinely and health care providers to respond to SOGI disclosure in ways that address needs. A welcoming environment conducive to SOGI disclosure is a key element in improving the quality of care. The collection of SOGI and an accurate and thorough sexual history is necessary for LGBTQ patients to receive proper screening, diagnosis and treatment for their cancer healthcare needs. Equally important is ensuring healthcare providers and staff are properly educated on the increased prevalence of risk factors as well as the specific needs of the LGBTQ population in regards to cancer care.

Citation Format: Gwendolyn P. Quinn, Matthew B. Schabath, Miles For Moffitt Work Group. Cancer in Sexual and Gender Minority populations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA20.
Abstract IA22: Cancer survivorship and sexual minorities
Authors: Boehmer Ulrike
Published: March 2017

Evidence shows that lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, defined as sexual minorities, have more cancer risk factors compared to heterosexual individuals. To date sexual minority cancer survivorship received some research attention, with a particular focus on breast cancer among sexual minority women. Cancer survivorship also extends beyond the sexual minority individual with the disease, affecting the spouse or partner, family members or friends. Moreover cancer is known to affect the informal caregiver, who provides unpaid help and support to an individual with cancer. To date, there is a dearth of information on the caregivers to sexual minority individuals with cancer. Comparative analyses of cancer survivors of different sexual orientations and their respective caregivers provide some of the necessary knowledge. A better understanding of sexual minorities with cancer and their caregivers can inform the later development of programs that are culturally appropriate and address the needs of sexual minority survivors and their caregivers.

Citation Format: Ulrike Boehmer. Cancer survivorship and sexual minorities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Abstract IA27: Remote genetic services to increase access to genetic testing in low resource settings
Authors: Bradbury Angela R.
Published: March 2017

The hope for precision medicine is to tailor prevention, treatment or screening recommendations for individual patients based on their genotype, which will ultimately result in modified health behaviors (e.g. risk reducing behaviors or screening) and improved patient outcomes. For example, clinical testing for the BRCA1/2 mutations has become a standard-of-care practice as evidence-based cancer prevention strategies (e.g. prophylactic oophorectomy) have been shown to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality. Given the complexity of genetic information and potential for false reassurance and psychosocial distress, genetic counseling has traditionally been delivered in-person. Yet, there is a limited workforce of genetic providers who are generally located in academic and urban centers and this in-person delivery model often requires patients to travel to a potentially distant and unfamiliar medical setting to receive cancer genetic testing with a genetic provider. Some patients proceed with testing without a genetic provider (i.e. with their local physician) or they do not proceed with testing at all. Thus, there remain significant access, time, and patient cost barriers to in-person genetic services that could contribute to disparities in both uptake and outcomes of genetic services. Additionally, emerging obligations to return actionable genetic research findings and expansion of genetic tumor testing are introducing additional demands for genetic services. Thus, as clinically relevant genetic applications increase, innovative delivery models to promote access to cancer genetic education and services are needed both in the clinical and research setting. Alternative models include telephone counseling, real-time two way videoconferencing and utilizing web-based education and portals to increase access. This session will review ongoing and published studies evaluating remote genetic services, including the available evidence, advantages and limitations of phone, videoconference and web-based genetic services.

Citation Format: Angela R. Bradbury. Remote genetic services to increase access to genetic testing in low resource settings. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA27.
Abstract IA33: Include Me; I Want to Live!
Authors: Green Bettye L.
Published: March 2017

Include Me; I Want to Live!

We know the barrier to minorities entering clinical trials: knowledge of trials, location of participating researchers, and general understanding of clinical trials. The task before us is how to overcome these barriers to increase enrollment.

Objective:

Find a link to increase enrollment of minorities in clinical trials, while observing and respecting the culture, family values, and religious beliefs of clients.

Working Task:

Interviews with researchers, IRB Boards, staff, advocates and patients. This is not a scientific report, but a personal review of cancer answers and questions; why?, what?, and how?. Collectively, we have to agree it's not working (increased enrollment). We have the tools, and the information to build upon (from programs that work), but yet, we do not have overall increase in enrollment.

Plans for enhancing our knowledge level:

1. Focus groups,

2. Health Fair

3. Community Leader Sessions

4. Dinners, to name a few.

We have to realize the need for thinking outside the box, and acting upon a different course of action. A major concern is continuation, the changes needed are not a one shot deal, but repetition, a new way. We have community workers, but are we using them in the cancer world. Are biggest barrier remains fear.

A set of questions will examine the known barriers and fears with an honest attempt to design new methods to bring about change.

Questions:

1. Do you know about clinical trials?

2. Do you trust the findings of clinical trials?

3. What would allow you to enter in a clinical trial?

4. Why would you place a patient in a trial/why not?

5. What would I have to do for your comfort level involving clinical trials.

This session/report is not to reveal a definite answer, regarding minorities and clinical trials, but looking for a crossover link to enhance a meaningful enrollment method.

Citation Format: Bettye L. Green. Include Me; I Want to Live!. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA33.
Abstract IA42: Genome wide association for breast cancer risk in Latinas: Analysis of known susceptibility loci
Authors: Hoffman Joshua , Sawyer Sarah , Fejerman Laura , Hu Donglei , Huntsman Scott , John Esther , Torres-Mejia Gabriela , Kushi Larry , Haiman Chistopher , Ziv Elad
Published: March 2017

Background: Genome wide association studies have identified over 90 common variants associated with breast cancer risk. The majority of these findings have been made in populations of European ancestry. We have performed a genome wide association study of in ~2400 US Latina and Mexican breast cancer cases and ~7500 controls. Here we report on examination of previously reported loci and fine mapping within those loci.

Methods:

Cases and controls included women from the San Francisco Bay Area Study, the Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry, the Multi-Ethnic Cohort and the Kaiser Permanente Research Program on Genes and the Environment on Health all based in California. In addition we included cases and controls from the CAMA study, based in Mexico and recruiting from 4 different states: Mexico City, Veracruz, Monterrey, and Puebla. Each of the samples were genotyped using an array with genome wide coverage (Affymetrix 6.0, Affymetrix Axiom, Illumina 1M, Illumina 2.5M or Illumina Oncoarray). We inferred genetic ancestry using principal components analysis. We imputed each array to the Haplotype Reference Consortium and performed association testing with breast cancer using logistic regression models, adjusting for study, array used, and principal components 1-10.

Results: We have identified several signals at 6q25 which are independent of previously reported SNPs in other populations. We have also evaluated the utility of polygenic risk using data from common variants at previously reported loci. We compared a range of algorithms to enhance the predictive power of polygenic risk in Latinas, including ones that utilize fine mapping vs. ones which use the top SNPs from other populations.

Conclusion: We demonstrate that a combination of new variants and judicious use of data from the known loci generates useful polygenic risk for breast cancer in Latinas.

Citation Format: Joshua Hoffman, Sarah Sawyer, Laura Fejerman, Donglei Hu, Scott Huntsman, Esther John, Gabriela Torres-Mejia, Larry Kushi, Chistopher Haiman, Elad Ziv. Genome wide association for breast cancer risk in Latinas: Analysis of known susceptibility loci. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA42.