bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Nitronyl‐Nitroxide Ligand for Designing Binuclear LnIII Complexes: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Magnetic and EPR Studies
Authors: Răducă Mihai , Martins Daniel O. T. A. , Spinu Cristian A. , Hillebrand Mihaela , Tuna Floriana , Ionita Gabriela , Mădălan Augustin M. , Lecourt Constance , Sutter Jean‐Pascal , Andruh Marius
Published: April 2022

A new nitronyl‐nitroxide ligand (H2L) featuring alcoholic and phenolic groups has been synthesised starting from 2‐hydroxy‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐5‐methylbenzaldehyde (A). Using this ligand, three 2p–4 f binuclear complexes have been obtained and crystallographically characterized: [Ln2(HL)2(hfac)4], (Ln=Gd 1, Tb 2, Dy 3). Apart from the desired compounds, two by‐products have been isolated as a molecular alloy containing an intermediate bearing hydroxylamino and N‐oxide groups, i. e. (1‐hydroxy‐2‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)‐5‐methylphenyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazole 3‐oxide, B, and the imino‐nitroxide derivative, C. This system was characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, UV‐VIS and EPR spectroscopy. During the synthesis of compounds 1–3, two other complexes have been obtained and characterized: [Ln(C)(hfac)3] (4, Ln=Tb) and [Ln2(A−H)2(hfac)4] (5, Ln=Tb), where (A−H) results from the deprotonation of the phenolic group in A. The synthetic procedure was optimized in order to obtain pure 1–3 complexes. The cryomagnetic properties of compounds 1–3 have been investigated. Continuous‐wave (CW) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements were carried out at X‐ and Q‐band for compound 1. Time‐dependent experiments were performed at three magnetic fields. Phase memory times, Tm, were found to be about 1000 ns at 6 K.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Desulfitative Arylation of Acetylinic Oximes with Sodium Arylsulfinates
Authors: Li Jianxiao , Cen Liying , He Dan , Zhou Daohao , Huang Songxuan
Published: April 2022

Herein described a highly efficient palladium‐catalyzed cascade desulfitative arylation of acetylinic oximes and sodium arylsulfinates with oxygen as the sole oxidant to access structurally diverse 4‐aryl isoxazoles. This catalytic system exhibits mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and operational simplicity. Notably, other easily available aryl source substrates were perfectly tolerated in this catalytic system, thus providing a promising application in synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry.
Influence of 3‐Thio Substituents on Benzylidene‐Directed Mannosylation. Isolation of a Bridged Pyridinium Ion and Effects of 3‐O‐Picolyl and 3‐S‐Picolyl Esters
Authors: McMillan Timothy F. , Crich David
Published: April 2022

The influence on glycosyl selectivity of substituting oxygen for sulfur at the 3‐position of 4,6‐O‐benzylidene‐protected mannopyranosyl thioglycosides is reported and varies considerably according to the protecting group employed at the 3‐position. The substitution of a thioether at the 3‐position for the more usual 3‐O‐benzyl ether results in a significant loss of selectivity. The installation of a 3‐S‐picolinyl thioether results in a complex reaction mixture, from which a stable seven‐membered bridged bicyclic pyridinium ion is isolated, while the corresponding 3‐O‐picolinyl ether affords a highly α‐selective coupling reaction. A 3‐O‐picolyl ester provides excellent β‐selectivity, while the analogous 3‐S‐picolyl thioester gives a highly α‐selective reaction. The best β‐selectivity is seen with a 3‐deoxy‐3‐(2‐pyridinyldisulfanyl) system. These observations are discussed in terms of the influence of the various substituents on the central glycosyl triflate – ion pair equilibrium.
Development of expeditious methods for seismic assessment of pre‐code masonry buildings in Portugal
Authors: Bernardo Vasco , Costa Alfredo Campos , Candeias Paulo , Costa Aníbal , Catarino José
Published: April 2022

Although Portugal has not been hit by high‐magnitude earthquakes in recent years, its history is marked by tragic seismic events and it remains susceptible due to its geographical location. The Portuguese building stock is constituted approximately by 45% masonry residential buildings and most were built before the enforcement of the first seismic code in 1958. For several years, structural interventions in these buildings were allowed without the need to assess their seismic vulnerability. In 2019, a new law was approved to regulate the rehabilitation interventions to provide safety and comfort of existing buildings. The seismic assessment of existing buildings became mandatory and based on the procedures and requirements included in NP EN 1998–3: 2017 (Portuguese version of Eurocode 8 – part 3), which establishes the performance requirements and compliance criteria for existing buildings subjected to a certain level of seismic action. According to this normative requirements, analytical seismic vulnerability assessment and reliability‐based analyses were carried out on a large set of masonry buildings representative of the Portuguese housing stock, leading to the development of surrogate and expeditious method for seismic assessment in compliance with the reference method defined in the European standard. The method allows the seismic assessment of masonry buildings with rigid and flexible floors, without explicit numerical analyses, using only geometric parameters and the material properties. Compliance of results assessed by the proposed method and the corresponding values obtained by the code were carried out by confidence tests.
Identification and quantification of lipids in wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and salmon feed by GC‐MS
Authors: Molversmyr Eivind , Devle Hanne Marie , Naess‐Andresen Carl Fredrik , Ekeberg Dag
Published: April 2022

The fatty acid profiles of wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and salmon feed was elucidated and quantitated. Due to the increasing proportion of vegetable oils in salmon feed, it was of interest to evaluate the effects on the farmed salmon fatty acid profile. There was found to be four times more fat in the muscle in farmed compared to wild salmon, 8.97 ± 0.63% and 2.14 ± 0.32%, respectively. The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 15.0%, 55.4%, and 29.6%, respectively, in farmed salmon, while 26.3%, 47.4%, and 26.3% in wild salmon. The lipids were also fractioned into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and polar lipids by solid‐phase extraction. Both wild and farmed salmon contained approximately equal amount of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid with 520 and 523 mg/100 g fish muscle, respectively. The salmons of both kinds were evaluated from a health perspective by discussing the contents of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids together with nutritional quality indices. In conjunction with a lower fat intake by consumption, the wild Atlantic salmon displayed the most nutritionally beneficial profile.
Vitrimerization of Crosslinked Unsaturated Polyester Resins: A Mechanochemical Approach to Recycle and Reprocess Thermosets
Authors: Bandegi Alireza , Amirkhosravi Mehrad , Meng Haotian , Aghjeh Mir Karim Razavi , Manas‐Zloczower Ica
Published: April 2022

Unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) are expansively used in different applications and recycling the significant amounts of UPR waste is still a universal problem. Vitrimerization is a feasible, environmental‐friendly, cost effective, and operative method, which can be used for recycling the crosslinked UPRs. In this method, the thermoset permanent network is changed into a dynamic network similar to the vitrimer‐type polymers. The results show that the existence of a transesterification catalyst in the system significantly enhances the efficiency of vitrimerization. The vitrimerized UPR thermosets can be reprocessed three times with mechanical properties comparable to the initial UPR. The results show that the excess of external hydroxyl groups in the system can prevent the formation of zinc ligand complexes in the network and consequently reduce the crosslinked density and mechanical properties of vitrimerized samples. The vitrimerized thermoset powder can be reprocessed through injection molding, extrusion, and compression molding which are conventional thermoplastic processing techniques. The unrecyclable UPR thermoset wastes can be recycled and reused through vitrimerization with the least loss in mechanical properties.
Crescent‐shaped skin paddle for a fibular flap: Avoiding skin grafting at the donor site
Authors: Miyamoto Shimpei , Fukunaga Yutaka , Arikawa Masaki , Fujisawa Kou , Okazaki Mutsumi
Published: April 2022

A fibular osteocutaneous flap is the mainstay of oromandibular reconstruction. This report aimed to present a crescent‐shaped skin paddle, a novel fibular skin paddle designed to achieve both sufficient intraoral lining and primary closure of the donor site. A 3–5‐cm‐wide crescent‐shaped skin paddle was harvested according to the locations of the distal septocutaneous perforators on preoperative color Doppler sonography. This narrow skin paddle fits well morphologically into the mucosal defect, enabling a reliable intraoral lining. This advantage becomes more evident when the mandibular defect crosses the midline or extends posteriorly to the maxillary tuberosity as the shape of the mucosal defect becomes arcuate. Primary closure of the donor site is easier to achieve because the required width of the crescent‐shaped skin paddle is minimized. This method reduces donor‐site morbidity associated with skin grafting while ensuring safe intraoral closure with a fibular osteocutaneous flap.
Patterns and outcomes of subsequent therapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor discontinuation in HCC
Authors: Sharma Rohini , Pillai Anjana , Marron Thomas Urban , Fessas Petros , Saeed Anwaar , Jun Tomi , Dharmapuri Sirish , Szafron David , Naqash Abdul Rafeh , Gampa Anuhya , Wang Yinghong , Khan Uqba , Muzaffar Mahvish , Lee Chieh‐Ju , Lee Pei‐Chang , Bulumulle Anushi , Paul Sonal , Bettinger Dominic , Hildebrand Hannah , Yehia Mohammed , Pressiani Tiziana , Kaseb Ahmed , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Ang Celina , Kudo Masatoshi , Nishida Naoshi , Personeni Nicola , Rimassa Lorenza , Pinato David James
Published: April 2022

The availability of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the management of advanced hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has changed the treatment paradigm. There are emerging questions regarding the efficacy of subsequent anticancer therapies. The primary aim of this retrospective, multicenter study was to examine the types of anticancer treatment received after ICIs and to assess the impact on post‐ICI survival. We established an international consortium of 11 tertiary‐care referral centers located in the USA (n = 249), Europe (n = 74), and Asia (n = 97), and described patterns of care following ICI therapy. The impact of subsequent therapy on overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and presented with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 420 patients were treated with ICIs for advanced HCC after one line of systemic therapy (n = 371, 88.8%): 31 (8.8%) had died, 152 (36.2%) received best supportive care (BSC) following ICIs, and 163 patients (38.8%) received subsequent anticancer therapy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs, n = 132, 80.9%), in particular sorafenib (n = 49, 30.0%), were the most common post‐ICI therapy followed by external beam radiotherapy (n = 28, 17.2%), further immunotherapy (n = 21, 12.9%), locoregional therapy (n = 23, 14.1%), chemotherapy (n = 9, 5.5%), and surgery (n = 6, 3.6%). Receipt of post‐ICI therapy was associated with longer median OS compared with those who had received BSC (12.1 vs. 3.3 months; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.4 (95% CI: 2.7–5.0). No difference in OS was noted in those patients who received TKI before ICIs compared with those who received ICIs followed by TKI. Conclusion: Post‐ICI therapy is associated with OS in excess of 12 months, suggesting a role for therapeutic sequencing. OS from TKI therapy was similar to that reported in registration studies, suggesting preserved efficacy following ICIs.
Serum Mac‐2 binding protein level predicts the development of liver‐related events and colorectal cancer in patients with NAFLD
Authors: Kamada Yoshihiro , Nakahara Takashi , Munekage Kensuke , Fujii Hideki , Sawai Yoshiyuki , Doi Yoshinori , Ono Masafumi , Hyogo Hideyuki , Sumida Yoshio , Morishita Koichi , Asuka Tatsuya , Ouchida Tsunenori , Imai Yasuharu , Miyoshi Eiji ,   Japan Study Group of NAFLD
Published: April 2022

We previously demonstrated that Mac‐2 binding protein (M2BP) is a useful biomarker for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly NAFLD fibrosis prediction. In the present study, we investigated the prognostic value of M2BP in patients with NAFLD. A total of 506 patients with biopsy‐confirmed NAFLD from 2002 to 2013 were enrolled in this study in Japan. Three hundred fifty‐three of these patients with NAFLD were available for follow‐up for more than 100 days and showed no liver‐related events at the time of entry. Liver‐related events were defined as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), decompensation, and gastroesophageal varices with variceal treatment. The mean follow‐up duration of all the subjects was 2716 ± 1621 days (102–7483 days). Eighteen patients developed new liver‐related events (HCC, 8; decompensation, 11; varices, 8). Nine patients developed cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 24 patients developed new cancers in other organs. The median serum M2BP level was 1.603 μg/mL, and we divided our cohort into two groups according to the serum M2BP level: M2BP low group (M2BP Low) and M2BP high group (M2BP Hi). The incidence of HCC was significantly higher in M2BP Hi (n = 8) than in M2BP Low (n = 0). The incidence of liver‐related events was significantly higher in M2BP Hi (n = 16) than in M2BP Low (n = 2). The incidences of death, CVD events, and cancer in other organs were not different between the groups. Interestingly, the incidence of colorectal cancer was significantly higher in M2BP Hi (n = 5) than in M2BP Low (n = 0). Conclusion: M2BP is a useful biomarker to predict liver‐related events, particularly HCC. Additionally, M2BP is a potential predictive biomarker of colorectal cancer development.
Targeting MYC and BCL2 by a natural compound for “double‐hit” lymphoma
Authors: Liu Xiaoqian , Xu Senlin , Zhang Jiawei , Fan Mingjie , Xie Jun , Zhang Bingfeng , Li Hongzhi , Yu Guohua , Liu Yinghui , Zhang Yuanfeng , Song Joo , Horne David , Chan Wing C. , Chu Xiaoxia , Huang Wendong
Published: April 2022

Concurrent translocations of MYC and BCL2 lead to abnormal expression of both oncoproteins, which contribute to the aggressive clinical characteristics of double‐hit lymphoma (DHL). An effective therapy for DHL remains an unmet clinical need. In this study, we showed that both Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II δ (CAMKIIδ) and γ (CAMKIIγ) were highly expressed in DHL. Both isoforms of CAMKII stabilize c‐Myc protein by phosphorylating it at Ser62, increase BCL2 expression, and promote DHL tumor growth. Inhibition of CAMKIIδ and CAMKIIγ by either berbamine (BBM) or one of its derivatives (PA4) led to the down regulation of c‐Myc and BCL2 proteins. BBM/PA4 also exhibited anti‐tumor efficacy in DHL cell lines and NSG xenograft models. Altogether, CAMKIIδ and CAMKIIγ appear to be critical for DHL tumor development and are promising therapeutic targets for DHL.
Dioscin exhibits protective effects on in vivo and in vitro asthma models via suppressing TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 and AKT pathways
Authors: Shang Qian , Zhu Li , Shang Weina , Zeng Jia , Qi Yong
Published: April 2022

Dioscin is a natural product that possesses protective effects on multiple chronic injuries, but its effects on asthma are not fully understood. Herein, we evaluated its effects on asthmatic mice established by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenges and further explored the mechanism. Inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) were analyzed using Diff‐Quik staining. OVA‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)/IgG1 in serum and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 4[IL‐4], IL‐5, IL‐13, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) in BALFs and lung tissues were measured using Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kits. Hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid–Schiff, and immunohistochemistry staining showed histopathological changes in lung tissues. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells was assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Hydroxyproline content was used to evaluate collagen deposition. Polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to measure messenger RNA and protein expression. We found that dioscin treatment (particularly at the dose of 80 mg/kg) significantly inhibited pulmonary inflammation in asthmatic mice, as evidenced by the decreased serum OVA‐specific IgE/IgG1 and the reduced inflammatory cells and cytokines in BALFs and lung tissues. Moreover, dioscin effectively ameliorated the goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus hypersecretion, collagen deposition, and smooth muscle hyperplasia in the airways of asthmatic mice. Mechanistically, dioscin restrained the activated TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 and protein kinase B (AKT) signal pathways in lung tissues and potently reversed the TGF‐β1‐induced EMT and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and AKT in 16HBE cells. Collectively, dioscin displayed protective effects on OVA‐induced asthmatic mice via adjusting TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 and AKT signal pathways, supporting the fact that dioscin could be a candidate for chronic asthma prevention in the future.
The quest for a bidirectional auxetic, elastic, and enhanced fracture toughness material: Revisiting the mechanical properties of the BeH2 monolayers
Authors: Morin‐Martinez Armando A. , Arcudia Jessica , Zarate Ximena , Cifuentes‐Quintal Miguel Eduardo , Merino Gabriel
Published: April 2022

Herein we show a density functional theory‐based study performed on two recently predicted polymorphs of the BeH2 monolayer, α‐BeH2 and β‐BeH2. The α‐BeH2 phase possesses an in‐plane negative Poisson's ratio (NPR), introducing it into the unique group of auxetic materials. Our assessment delves into the linear‐elastic and finite‐strain regimes to understand both polymorphs' structural and mechanical responses to deformation. We find that the in‐plane NPR is shown to be only parallel to the bonds in α‐BeH2 and remains along the uniaxial tensile path. Concomitantly, an out‐of‐plane transition toward auxetic is also revealed in regions exhibiting conventional Poisson's ratios, making α‐BeH2 a bidirectionally auxetic material. While phase transitions in β‐BeH2 are triggered at very short strains, α‐BeH2 displays excellent elasticity against tension, superior to that of most currently known 2D materials.
Circular RNA mitochondrial translation optimization 1 correlates with less lymph node metastasis, longer disease‐free survival, and higher chemotherapy sensitivity in gastric cancer
Authors: Chang Cheng , Zheng Anrui , Wang Pinfa , Teng Xiaojun
Published: April 2022

Objective

Circular‐mitochondrial translation optimization 1 (circ‐MTO1) inhibits the progression of gastric cancer by regulating the growth, apoptosis, and invasion of tumor cells. However, its clinical potential as a biomarker for gastric cancer remains to be further evaluated. This study aimed to assess circ‐MTO1 expression and its correlation with clinical features and prognosis in gastric cancer patients, as well as the effect of circ‐MTO1 on the sensitivity to chemotherapy in gastric cancer cells.

Methods

Circ‐MTO1 in tumor and adjacent tissues of 97 gastric cancer patients undergoing resection was examined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HGC‐27 and NCI‐N87 cells transfected by circ‐MOT1 overexpression plasmid (OE‐circ‐MOT1) and negative control (OE‐NC) were treated with 0‒6.4 μM oxaliplatin. Relative cell viability was detected using Cell Counting Kit‐8.

Results

Circ‐MTO1 was insufficiently expressed in gastric tumor tissue (median (interquartile range): 0.403 (0.288‒0.518)) compared with adjacent tissue (median (interquartile range): 1.000 (0.715‒1.524)) (p < 0.001). Besides, tumor circ‐MTO1 was correlated with less lymph node metastasis (p = 0.014) and low TNM stage (p = 0.039), while was not correlated with demographic features or other clinical characteristics (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, tumor circ‐MTO1 high expression was independently correlated with prolonged disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.013, adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidential interval): 0.314 (0.126‒0.782)), but was not correlated with overall survival (p > 0.05). Lastly, in gastric cancer cells, OE‐circ‐MTO1 apparently decreased relative cell viabilities at oxaliplatin concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 μM (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Circ‐MTO1 correlates with less lymph node metastasis, prolonged DFS, and improved chemotherapy sensitivity in gastric cancer.
The impact of sarcopenia on short‐term and long‐term mortality in patients with septic shock
Authors: Oh Hyung Jung , Kim Jung Ho , Kim Hye Rim , Ahn Jin Young , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon‐Sup , Song Young Goo
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite medical advances, septic shock remains one of the main causes of high mortality in critically ill patients. Although sarcopenia is considered a predictor of mortality in septic shock patients, most studies have only investigated short‐term mortality, and those on long‐term prognosis are limited. We investigated the impact of sarcopenia on long‐term mortality in a large patient population with septic shock.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study comprising 905 patients with septic shock was conducted from 2008 to 2019. Sarcopenia was defined based on the measurement of the total abdominal muscle area, assessed using abdominal computed tomography scans. Thereafter, we stratified the patients into two groups—sarcopenia and non‐sarcopenia groups—and compared the impact of sarcopenia on short‐term (28 days) and long‐term (1 year and overall) mortality using multivariable Cox proportional analysis.

Results

A total of 905 patients were included, and the mean age was 65.7 ± 15.1 years. Among them, 430 (47.5%) patients were male and 407 (45.0%) had sarcopenia. We found that the 28 day, 1 year, and overall mortality rates in the sarcopenia group were significantly higher than those in the non‐sarcopenia group (13.8% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.001; 41.8% vs. 21.7%, P < 0.001; 62.2% vs. 35.7%, P < 0.001, respectively). Univariable Cox analysis showed that the sarcopenia group had a significant association with the increase in each mortalities compared with the non‐sarcopenia group (28 day mortality, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.230, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.444–3.442], P < 0.001; 1 year mortality, HR = 2.189, 95% CI [1.720, 2.787], P < 0.001; overall mortality, HR = 2.254, 95% CI [1.859, 2.734], P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox analysis showed that both the short‐term and long‐term mortality rates remained significantly higher in the sarcopenia group than in the non‐sarcopenia group, even after adjusting for confounding variables (28 day mortality, HR = 2.116, 95% CI [1.312, 3.412], P = 0.002; 1 year mortality, HR = 1.679, 95% CI [1.291, 2.182], P < 0.001; overall mortality, HR = 1.704, 95% CI [1.381, 2.102], P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Sarcopenia was associated with both short‐term and long‐term mortality in patients with septic shock. In clinical settings, close attention should be paid to these patients for both short‐term and long‐term outcomes.
Effects of prenatal exposure to fluoxetine on circadian rhythmicity in the locomotor activity and neuropeptide Y and 5‐HT expression in male and female adult Wistar rats
Authors: Linhares Sara Sophia Guedes , Meurer Ywlliane da Silva Rodrigues , Aquino Antonio , Câmara Diego Aquino , Brandão Luiz Eduardo Mateus , Dierschnabel Aline Lima , Fiuza Felipe Porto , Lima Ramon Hypólito , Engelberth Rovena Clara , Cavalcante Jeferson Souza
Published: April 2022

Serotonin (5‐HT) reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine, are the most prescribed antidepressant for maternal depression. In this sense, it exposes mothers and the brains of infants to increased modulatory and trophic effects of serotonergic neurotransmission. 5‐HT promotes essential brain changes throughout its development, which include neuron migration, differentiation and organisation of neural circuitries related to emotional, cognitive and circadian behavior. Early exposure to the SSRIs induces long‐term effects on behavioral and neural serotonergic signalisation. We have aimed to evaluate the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity and the neurochemical content, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and 5‐HT in three brain areas: intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and raphe nuclei (RN), at two zeitgebers (ZT6 and ZT18), in male and female rat's offspring early exposed (developmental period GD13‐GD21) to fluoxetine (20 mg/kg). First, we have conducted daily records of the locomotor activity rhythm using activity sensors coupled to individual cages over 4 weeks. We have lastly evaluated the immunoreactivity of NPY in both SCN and IGL, as well the 5‐HT expression in the dorsal and medial RN. In summary, our results showed that (1) prenatal fluoxetine affects phase entrainment of the rest/activity rhythm at ZT6 and ZT18, more in male than female specimens, and (2) modulates the NPY and 5‐HT expression. Here, we show male rats are more susceptible to phase entrainment and the NPY and 5‐HT misexpression compared to female ones. The sex differences induced by early exposure to fluoxetine in both the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity and the neurochemical expression into SCN, IGL and midbrain raphe are an important highlight in the present work. Thus, our results may help to improve the knowledge on neurobiological mechanisms of circadian rhythms and are relevant to understanding the “broken brains” and behavioral abnormalities of offspring early exposed to antidepressants.
Attitudes and training needs of oncologists and surgeons in mainstreaming breast cancer genetic counseling in a low‐to‐middle income Asian country
Authors: Lee Yong‐Quan , Yoon Sook‐Yee , Hassan Tiara , Padmanabhan Heamanthaa , Yip Cheng‐Har , Keng Wee‐Teik , Thong Meow‐Keong , Ahmad Annuar Muhammad Azrif , Mohd Taib Nur Aishah , Teo Soo‐Hwang
Published: April 2022

With the advent of poly‐ADP‐ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) therapies, the focus of genetic testing for breast, ovarian, and other cancers has shifted from risk management to treatment decision‐making in high‐resource settings. Due to the shortage of genetic counselors worldwide, alternative ways of delivering genetic counseling have been explored, including training nongenetics healthcare professionals (NGHPs) to provide genetic counseling. However, little is known about the feasibility of adopting such models in healthcare settings with insufficient specialists, where population health literacy is low and where access to new therapies may be limited. In this study, we evaluated the attitudes, considerations, and self‐efficacy of oncologists, breast surgeons, and general surgeons in mainstreaming breast cancer genetic counseling in Malaysia, a middle‐income Asian country with a universal healthcare system. We developed a 32‐item survey via a modified Delphi method, which was then distributed via a purposive and network sampling approach. While 77% of respondents expressed interest in providing breast cancer genetic counseling, 85% preferred to refer patients directly to genetic services for genetic counseling and testing. The main considerations for mainstreaming were the cost of genetic testing and PARPi therapy, as well as the availability of support from genetics professionals. Respondents reported a lack of confidence in communicating genetic risk, particularly to patients with poor health literacy, and in the clinical management of patients with variants of uncertain significance. Our results highlight the urgent need to train more NGHPs in providing genetic counseling and testing in low‐to‐middle income countries, and suggest that the mainstay for genetic counseling in this setting may be for risk management rather than access to PARPi therapy.
Near zero vascular complications using echo‐guided puncture during catheter ablation of arrhythmias: A retrospective study and literature review
Authors: Pellegrino Pier Luigi , Di Monaco Antonio , Santoro Francesco , Grimaldi Massimo , D'Arienzo Girolamo , Casavecchia Grazia , Ieva Riccardo , Di Biase Matteo , Iacoviello Massimo , Brunetti Natale Daniele
Published: April 2022

Background

Catheter ablation (CA) is routinely used for the treatment of arrhythmias. Vascular complications are the most common complications during these procedures. Previous data reported that ultrasound (US)‐guided puncture is a useful method to avoid vascular complications. We reported our experience using US‐guided puncture in patients undergoing CA for arrhythmias.

Methods

A total of 273 patients (mean age 57 ± 17 years; 58% male) were referred to our center for CA of arrhythmias from January 2016 to December 2019. All procedures were performed by expert operators, and US‐guided vascular access was performed on all patients. Doppler sonography was performed the day after the procedure on all patients.

Results

Eighty‐four patients (31%) underwent atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation, 49 patients (18%) atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia ablation, 14 patients (5%) atrial tachycardia ablation, 25 patients (9%) atrial flutter ablation, 63 patients (23%) atrial fibrillation ablation, and 38 patients (14%) ventricular tachycardia ablation. Vascular pseudo‐aneurysms and arteriovenous fistula were defined as major complications; furthermore, venous thrombosis and inguinal hematomas were as defined minor complications. The percentage of major vascular complications was 0.3% (1 arteriovenous fistula) and the percentage of minor vascular complications was 0.3% (1 venous thrombosis).

Discussion

Ultrasound‐guided vascular puncture in patients undergoing CA is useful to improve procedural success and reduce complications.
Influence of vestibular depth on the outcomes of root coverage therapy: A prospective case series study
Authors: Blasi Gonzalo , Monje Alberto , Muñoz‐Peñalver Jesus , Oates Thomas W. , Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo , Nart Jose
Published: April 2022

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of vestibular depth (VD) on the outcomes of root coverage therapy.

Methods

Patients presenting gingival recession defects (GRD) with a minimum depth of 2 mm underwent root coverage therapy consisting of a coronally advanced flap plus a connective tissue graft (CAF + CTG). Clinical examinations were performed, and intraoral scans were obtained at baseline, 3 and 6 months after surgery to assess changes in probing depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), recession depth (RD), GRD area, marginal gingival thickness (MGT), and VD. The influence of VD on percentage of root coverage (%RC) and the likelihood of achieving complete root coverage (CRC) were explored.

Results

A total of 20 patients were enrolled, and 44 teeth were treated. RD decreased and MGT increased in all treated sites. At 6 months, mean %RC was 87.47 ± 18.37 and CRC was observed in 61.4% of sites. Mean baseline VD was 7.33 ± 2.67 mm. Mean VD reduction from baseline to 6 months was 1.98 ± 1.27 mm. %RC and CRC were significantly correlated with baseline VD. Each additional 1 mm of baseline VD implied a gain of 6.58% for %RC and increased 2.75 times the probability of achieving CRC. Narrow baseline KTW and mandibular arch location were associated with inferior treatment outcomes.

Conclusion

Lower %RC and likelihood of achieving CRC can be expected after root coverage therapy via CAF + CTG in sites presenting a shallow vestibulum.
Occurrence and erosion susceptibility of German Pelosols and international equivalents
Authors: Scheper Simon , Meusburger Katrin , Borrelli Pasquale , Panagos Panos , Alewell Christine
Published: April 2022

Background

Pelosols are the Soil of the Year 2022 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. They represent soils with a high clay content (≥45%) in the diagnostic P horizon. Pelosols are nutrient‐rich, have a strong capacity for swelling and shrinking, have a challenging water balance with a high portion of nonplant available water and are affected by high traction. Such special characteristics make them challenging soils under agricultural management.

Aims

The occurrence, land use management and soil erosion risk of Pelosols in Germany were investigated and compared to their clay‐rich soil counterparts on a global scale.

Methods

We intersected soil maps of the German and international digital soil mapping with soil erosion data.

Results

A high percentage (63%) of Pelosols in Germany are under agricultural use, from which two‐thirds are arable farming. Simultaneously, Pelosols have a high risk for soil erosion by water and are the fourth most endangered soil type compared to all soil types in Germany. The average soil erosion loss of Pelosols used for agricultural practices assessed by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is 2.24 t ha−1 year−1 compared to an average erosion loss of all agriculturally used soils in Germany of 1.65 t ha−1 year−1. From an international perspective, Pelosols in Germany are mostly mapped as haplic Cambisols or haplic Luvisols, as they do not necessarily meet the diagnostic properties of the clay‐rich Vertisol soil type. Most Vertisols are classified as Pelosols, but Pelosols do not necessarily fulfil the diagnostic criteria of Vertisols. Vertisols on a global scale have an even higher soil erosion risk than Pelosols in Germany (3.5 t ha−1 year−1).

Conclusions

Pelosols and Vertisols, despite their high percentages for agricultural use, have a high soil erosion risk compared to other soil types and thus need special care under agricultural use and adapted protective land use management.
Current and future strategies for radiation therapy in gastric cancer
Authors: Mesci Aruz , Wong Rebecca KS
Published: April 2022

Gastric cancers are heterogeneous. There are important differences between gastric and junctional tumors and a focus on evidence based on true gastric cancers is important to guide treatment decision and the design of innovative strategies. We present key evidence shaping the current use of radiotherapy, discuss technical radiotherapy considerations that are important to consider in multidisciplinary decision‐making, and highlight selected research strategies including radiotherapeutic advances, theranostic approaches and key ongoing clinical trials to watch that will shape the role of radiotherapy in gastric cancers for the future.
The Erector Spinae Plane Block as Novel Therapy for Renal Colic
Authors: Noble Mark , Cann Jesse , Feyzeau Kean , Jones Matthew , Whitty Sean , Landon JonDavid , Gallion Lauren , Byars Donald
Published: April 2022

We present a 10‐patient case series supporting the use of the erector spinae plane block (ESPB) as a novel approach for the treatment of acute pain from renal colic. An in‐plane needle approach was used with either transverse or longitudinal orientation of the ultrasound probe on the affected side, in either seated or prone patient position. These cases showed significant improvement in patient reported pain; suggesting that the ESPB can be used safely and effectively for either primary or adjunctive treatment of acute pain due to renal colic in the emergency department.
FIVE LESSONS FROM TWO AFRICAN AMERICAN LEADERS: CULTURE CHANGE FOR GREATER INCLUSION
Authors: High Joseph C. , Deese Willie A.
Published: April 2022

This article is written by two African American corporate leaders who “share 5 key lessons for leaders as you undertake culture change efforts to create a more inclusive and diverse organization and to achieve higher performing organizational goals and outcomes.” They also “share learnings that are differentiated for white leaders and leaders of color.” Deese relates his experience as the President of Manufacturing at a major pharmaceutical company. High discusses his work as Chief Human Resources Officer of a major industrial supply company. The five key lessons, in the authors’ words, are: (1) Tie the culture change work to the organization’s objectives, and measuring impact and outcomes. (2) While culture change is hard—it’s not as hard as we make it! (3) The organization needs to see a leader genuinely leaning into discomfort to learn new ways of being—and demonstrating the courage to change oneself. (4) Working within a predominately white organization the investment in getting to know and create positive relationships and partnerships with peers and colleagues is a vital element for the success of the change effort. (5) As African American men and leaders, it is critical for us to recognize that just by our presence we are agents of change and live under a microscope.
2D Covalent Organic Frameworks as Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Utilization
Authors: Wang Yuancheng , Zhao Yingjie , Li Zhibo
Published: April 2022

In the context of the energy crisis and global warming, developing clean and sustainable energy is receiving increasing attention. Photocatalytic processes including water splitting, CO2 reduction, coenzyme regeneration, etc., provide ideal ways to utilize renewable solar resources. The photocatalyst plays a central role in photocatalytic processes. Organic porous polymers have recently gained extensive attention in photocatalysis. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as one of the organic porous polymers, have the characteristics of high crystallinity, porosity, and structural designability that make them perfect platforms for photocatalysis. In this minireview, the recent progress of 2D COFs as photocatalysts is summarized including the recent work. The synthesis of the diversified structures of the COFs including the different linkages is first introduced. Then, the photocatalytic applications of the 2D COFs including photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, CO2 conversion, coenzyme regeneration, and other traditional organic reaction are then discussed. Finally, conclusions and prospects are provided in the last section.
A Chewing Gum Residue‐Based Gel with Superior Mechanical Properties and Self‐Healability for Flexible Wearable Sensor
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Jiahui , Zeng Qiangcheng , Wang Huixin , Yu Jie , Ren Ke , Dai Zhongmin , Zhang Hong , Zheng Junping , Hu Ruofei
Published: April 2022

Chewing gum residue is hard to decompose and easy to cause pollution, which is highly desirable to realize recycling. In this paper, a chewing gum gel with enhanced mechanical properties and self‐healing properties is prepared by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the backbone in chewing gum residue. The hydrogen bond and the borax ester bond are employed to construct reversible interaction to enhance the self‐healing ability. The physical crosslinking is realized by further freeze‐thaw treatment to improve its mechanical properties. The gel demonstrates high elongation at break of 610% and strength of 0.11 MPa, as well as excellent self‐healing performance and recyclable properties. In particular, the gel with a fast signal response is successfully applied as a wearable strain sensor to monitor different types of human motion. The gel as a sensor exhibits self‐healing properties suggesting superior safety and stability, and displays wide linear sensitivity (the gauge factor is 0.417 and 0.170). The gel can be further served to explore temperature changes, implying the application in temperature monitoring. This study develops a novel approach for the recycle and reuse of chewing gum residue. The obtained gel may be a promising candidate for the fabrication of flexible wearable sensor.
A high isolation quad‐channel microstrip diplexer based on codirectional split ring resonators
Authors: Gorur Ali K. , Turkeli Alper , Buyuktuna Mert , Dogan Engin , Karpuz Ceyhun , Gorur Adnan
Published: April 2022

In this study, a novel microstrip diplexer with four channels is designed by using codirectional split ring resonators (CDSRRs). Since CDSRRs provide dual resonance behavior, dual‐band bandpass filter with two poles at each passband can be created by coupling identical CDSRRs to input/output ports. Based on this approach, quad‐channel diplexer can be designed by coupling two more CDSRRs in different electrical length to another output. Both filters are fed by similar feeding lines. High isolation can be observed between the output ports by means of CDSRRs. The designed quad‐channel microstrip diplexer was also fabricated and tested for experimental verifications. The measured results are in a good agreement with the simulated results. Center frequencies of the channels were measured at 2.12, 2.45, 3.90, and 4.48 GHz with the minimum insertion losses of 2.27, 2.88, 2.00, and 2.71 dB, respectively. Isolation was observed as better than 44 dB from DC to 6 GHz.
Three‐dimensional model reconstruction and numerical simulation of the jointed rock specimen under conventional triaxial compression
Authors: Zeng Wei , Ye Yong‐Fu , Kuang Ze‐Min , Tian Wen‐Ling
Published: April 2022

In nature, some flaws (such as fissures, joints, weak surfaces, and faults, etc.) are pre‐existed in the rock masses, which have been proved an important influence on the mechanical properties of rock masses. In this paper, a three‐dimensional (3D) joint model of a fractured specimen is built by means of the computed tomography (CT) scanning technic and digital image processing. The model shows three joints exist in the specimen: an essential joint which can be found from the specimen surface and two extra‐essential joints can only be detected from the 3D joint model. The 3D joint model is integrated into 3D particle flow code (PFC3D) to build a jointed numerical specimen and triaxial compression tests under different confining pressures are simulated. The results show that the linear phase of the stress‐strain curve is more significant under larger confining pressure. The peak strength of the jointed specimen increases linearly with the confining pressure. In addition, the peak strength of the jointed specimen shows highly consistency with the residual strength of the corresponding intact specimen. For both the intact and jointed specimen, Young's modulus increases nonlinearly with the confining pressure, and remains constant after confining pressure reaching 20 MPa.
Metabolic alterations in the visual pathway of retinitis pigmentosa rats: A longitudinal multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study with histopathological validation
Authors: Duan Fei , Xiao Zebin , Wang Yuzhe , Sun Xinghuai , Tang Zuohua , Wang Rong , Guo Linying , Tang Weijun , Liu Tingting , Wang Peng , Zhan Yang
Published: April 2022

Because retinitis pigmentosa (RP) has been shown to cause degenerative changes in the entire visual pathway, there is an urgent need to perform longitudinal assessments of RP‐induced degeneration and identify imaging protocols to detect this degeneration as early as possible. In this study, we assessed a transgenic rat model of RP by using complementary noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques, namely, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS), to investigate the metabolic changes in RP. Our study demonstrated decreased concentrations and ratios to creatine (Cr) of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu), γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), and taurine (Tau), whereas myo‐inositol (Ins) and choline (Cho) were increased in the visual cortex of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats compared with control rats (p < 0.05). Furthermore, with the progression of RP, the concentrations of NAA, Glu, GABA, and Tau, and the ratios of GABA/Cr and Tau/Cr significantly decreased over time, whereas the concentrations of Ins and Cho and the ratio of Ins/Cr significantly increased over time (p < 0.05). In addition, in RCS rats, NAA/Cr decreased significantly from 3 to 4 months postnatal (p < 0.001), and Cho/Cr increased significantly from 4 to 5 months postnatal (p = 0.005). Meanwhile, the 1H‐MRS indicators in 5‐month postnatal RCS rats could be confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, with the progression of RP, the metabolic alterations in the visual cortex indicated progressive reprogramming with the decrease of neurons and axons, accompanied by the proliferation of gliocytes.
Association between fat‐infiltrated axillary lymph nodes on screening mammography and cardiometabolic disease
Authors: Song Qingyuan , diFlorio‐Alexander Roberta M. , Patel Sohum D. , Sieberg Ryan T. , Margron Michael J. , Ansari Saif M. , Karagas Margaret R. , Mackenzie Todd A. , Hassanpour Saeed
Published: April 2022

Objective

Ectopic fat deposition within and around organs is a stronger predictor of cardiometabolic disease status than body mass index (BMI). Fat deposition within the lymphatic system is poorly understood. This study examined the association between the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease and ectopic fat deposition within axillary lymph nodes (LNs) visualized on screening mammograms.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 834 women presenting for full‐field digital screening mammography. The status of fat‐infiltrated LNs was assessed based on the size and morphology of axillary LNs from screening mammograms. The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease was retrieved from the electronic medical records, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, high blood glucose, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Results

Fat‐infiltrated axillary LNs were associated with a high prevalence of T2DM among all women (adjusted odds ratio: 3.92, 95% CI: [2.40, 6.60], p‐value < 0.001) and in subgroups of women with and without obesity. Utilizing the status of fatty LNs improved the classification of T2DM status in addition to age and BMI (1.4% improvement in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve).

Conclusion

Fat‐infiltrated axillary LNs visualized on screening mammograms were associated with the prevalence of T2DM. If further validated, fat‐infiltrated axillary LNs may represent a novel imaging biomarker of T2DM in women undergoing screening mammography.
Health Care Following Environmental Disasters: Evidence from Flint
Authors: Danagoulian Shooshan , Grossman Daniel , Slusky David
Published: April 2022

Environmental disasters can affect how individuals use healthcare services. We use the Flint water crisis to examine rates of avoidable emergency care, which is costly to both providers and patients, and office visits. In September 2015, the city of Flint issued a lead advisory to its residents, alerting them of increased lead levels in their drinking water, resulting from the switch in water source from Lake Huron to the Flint River. Using Medicaid claims for 2013 to 2016, we find that this advisory, which became national news, increased the share of enrollees who had lead tests performed by 1.7 percentage points. Additionally, it increased office visits immediately, and led to a reduction of 4.9 preventable, non‐emergent, and primary‐care‐treatable emergency room visits per 1,000 eligible children (8.3 percent). This decrease is present in shifts from emergency room visits to office visits across several common conditions. Our analysis suggests that children were more likely to receive care from the same clinic following lead tests and that establishing care reduced the likelihood parents would take their children to emergency rooms for conditions that would have been treatable in an office setting. Our results show that environmental disasters that induce health checkups can prompt individuals to change their type and venue of health care, particularly moving away from emergency departments and toward the office setting.