bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilevel Conductance States of Vapor‐Transport‐Deposited Sb2S3Memristors Achieved via Electrical and Optical Modulation
Authors: Kundale Somnath S. , Pawar Pravin S. , Kumbhar Dhananjay D. , Devara I. Ketut Gary , Sharma Indu , Patil Parag R. , Lestari Windy Ayu , Shim Soobin , Park Jihye , Dongale Tukaram D. , Nam Sang Yong , Heo Jaeyeong , Park Jun Hong
Published: July 2024

The pursuit of advanced brain‐inspired electronic devices and memory technologies has led to explore novel materials by processing multimodal and multilevel tailored conductive properties as the next generation of semiconductor platforms, due to von Neumann architecture limits. Among such materials, antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) thin films exhibit outstanding optical and electronic properties, and therefore, they are ideal for applications such as thin‐film solar cells and nonvolatile memory systems. This study investigates the conduction modulation and memory functionalities of Sb2S3thin films deposited via the vapor transport deposition technique. Experimental results indicate that the Ag/Sb2S3/Pt device possesses properties suitable for memory applications, including low operational voltages, robust endurance, and reliable switching behavior. Further, the reproducibility and stability of these properties across different device batches validate the reliability of these devices for practical implementation. Moreover, Sb2S3‐based memristors exhibit artificial neuroplasticity with prolonged stability, promising considerable advancements in neuromorphic computing. Leveraging the photosensitivity of Sb2S3enables the Ag/Sb2S3/Pt device to exhibit significant low operating potential and conductivity modulation under optical stimulation for memory applications. This research highlights the potential applications of Sb2S3in future memory devices and optoelectronics and in shaping electronics with versatility.
Enhanced Hydrogen Production in Microwave‐Driven Water‐Splitting Redox Cycles by Engineering Ceria Properties
Authors: Domínguez‐Saldaña Aitor , Navarrete Laura , Balaguer María , Carrillo Alfonso J. , Santos Joaquín , García‐Baños Beatriz , Plaza‐González Pedro , Catalán‐Martínez David , Catalá‐Civera José Manuel , Serra José Manuel
Published: July 2024

Sustainable hydrogen, produced from renewable sources such as solar or wind, plays a decisive role in driving industrial decarbonization. Among hydrogen production technologies, steam electrolysis, and solar‐driven thermochemical cycles using reducible solid oxides show promise but face challenges due to high operation temperatures. Microwave‐driven redox chemical looping enables the direct, contactless electrification of the process, reducing the operation temperature and complexity. Previous works showed that microwaves can efficiently drive reduction/water‐splitting cycles using Gd‐doped ceria at low temperatures (<250 °C), but adjustment of material properties is needed. Here, the key properties of materials are explored that affect the redox mechanism by screening a series of doped ceria materials to enhance microwave‐driven hydrogen production. Evaluation of trivalent dopants (La3+, Gd3+, Y3+, Yb3+, Er3+, and Nd3+) reveals that reduction correlates with lattice and electronic properties. The composition Ce0.9La0.1O2‐δ achieves 1.41 mL g−1, the highest hydrogen production among the studied series. Its narrower bandgap allows for reaching higher conductivity upon microwave‐driven reduction at lower temperatures, while a larger ionic lattice size boosts solid‐state oxygen diffusion. Overall, this research remarks on the critical properties of ceria‐based materials that enhance hydrogen production in microwave‐driven water‐splitting cycles, supporting the design of more efficient materials for sustainable chemical production technology.
Achieving higher grain yield in hybrid rice through the promotion of individual growth and development
Authors: Huang Min , Zhang Ruichun , Chen Ge , Liu Longsheng , Li Zhongxi , Chen Jiana , Cao Fangbo
Published: July 2024

Ensuring rice (Oryza sativa) self‐sufficiency in China relies significantly on achieving high grain yields in hybrid rice production. This study conducted field experiments across two site‐years, comparing grain yield per unit of land area, grain yield generated per seedling, and associated yield traits for a hybrid rice variety under two combinations of hill spacing and the number of seedlings per hill. The combinations included a hill spacing of 30 cm × 14 cm with one seedling per hill (H14S1) and a hill spacing of 30 cm × 24 cm with three seedlings per hill (H24S3). The results revealed that H14S1 consistently outperformed H24S3, demonstrating a 7%–16% increase in grain yield per unit of land area and an impressive 88%–104% higher grain yield generated per seedling. H14S1 exhibited 56%–77% more panicles formed per seedling and 10%–15% more spikelets per panicle compared to H24S3. H14S1 produced 78%–115% higher biomass at heading and maturity per seedling and 8%–25% higher biomass at heading and maturity per tiller than H24S3. This study underscores the importance of promoting the individual growth and development of seedlings as a crucial strategy for achieving higher grain yield in hybrid rice production.
Widened Attention‐Enhanced Atrous Convolutional Network for Efficient Embedded Vision Applications under Resource Constraints
Authors: Ferdaus Md Meftahul , Abdelguerfi Mahdi , Niles Kendall N. , Pathak Ken , Tom Joe
Published: July 2024

Onboard image analysis enables real‐time autonomous capabilities for unmanned platforms including aerial, ground, and aquatic drones. Performing classification on embedded systems, rather than transmitting data, allows rapid perception and decision‐making critical for time‐sensitive applications such as search and rescue, hazardous environment exploration, and military operations. To fully capitalize on these systems’ potential, specialized deep learning solutions are needed that balance accuracy and computational efficiency for time‐sensitive inference. This article introduces the widened attention‐enhanced atrous convolution‐based efficient network (WACEfNet), a new convolutional neural network designed specifically for real‐time visual classification challenges using resource‐constrained embedded devices. WACEfNet builds on EfficientNet and integrates innovative width‐wise feature processing, atrous convolutions, and attention modules to improve representational power without excessive overhead. Extensive benchmarking confirms state‐of‐the‐art performance from WACEfNet for aerial imaging applications while remaining suitable for embedded deployment. The improvements in accuracy and speed demonstrate the potential of customized deep learning advancements to unlock new capabilities for unmanned aerial vehicles and related embedded systems with tight size, weight, and power constraints. This research offers an optimized framework, combining widened residual learning and attention mechanisms, to meet the unique demands of high‐fidelity real‐time analytics across a variety of embedded perception paradigms.
“My resistance melts away”: The role of mindfulness in supporting participatory researchers' efforts to share power with youth co‐researchers
Authors: Iacono Gio , Elsaesser Caitlin , Dominique Courts C. L.
Published: July 2024

Youth participatory action research (YPAR) is an approach widely utilized in various social science disciplines (e.g., community psychology, social work, public health), which requires researchers to share power with youth co‐researchers and to collaborate across identities to work equitably. Understanding what approaches and practices support YPAR adult facilitators' ability to share power is a vital area of knowledge that can support greater freedom in how researchers approach YPAR. Mindfulness offers a powerful set of tools for adult researchers to track their reactions and equitably collaborate with youth co‐researchers. Drawing on insights from our youth participatory research, the present study employed a collaborative autoethnography to integrate our unique experiences as YPAR facilitators. We reflected on a core research question: How does mindfulness inform and support our YPAR work? Two major themes emerged that relate to power‐sharing in YPAR: (1) Mindfulness supports our ability to overcome barriers to being present in facilitating YPAR groups; (2) Facilitator presence fosters deeper connection with youth co‐researchers and stronger collaboration. Mindfulness can provide researchers a holistic, strengths‐based approach in youth collaboration, and may also provide skillful tools for researchers to counter the pressures of White supremacy culture in academia.
Heterogeneous treatment effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on risk of dementia in people with type 2 diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Tang Huilin , Donahoo William T. , Svensson Mikael , Shaaban C. Elizabeth , Smith Glenn , Jaffee Michael S. , Huang Yu , Hu Xia , Lu Ying , Salloum Ramzi G. , DeKosky Steven T. , Bian Jiang , Guo Jingchuan
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors exhibit potential benefits in reducing dementia risk, yet the optimal beneficiary subgroups remain uncertain.

METHODS

Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) initiating either SGLT2 inhibitor or sulfonylurea were identified from OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Network (2016–2022). A doubly robust learning was deployed to estimate risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of all‐cause dementia.

RESULTS

Among 35,458 individuals with T2D, 1.8% in the SGLT2 inhibitor group and 4.7% in the sulfonylurea group developed all‐cause dementia over a 3.2‐year follow‐up, yielding a lower risk for SGLT2 inhibitors (RD, –2.5%; 95% CI, –3.0% to –2.1%). Hispanic ethnicity and chronic kidney disease were identified as the two important variables to define four subgroups in which RD ranged from –4.3% (–5.5 to –3.2) to –0.9% (–1.9 to 0.2).

DISCUSSION

Compared to sulfonylureas, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause dementia, but the association varied among different subgroups.

Highlights

New users of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were significantly associated with a lower risk of all‐cause dementia as compared to those of sulfonylureas.

The association varied among different subgroups defined by Hispanic ethnicity and chronic kidney disease.

A significantly lower risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia was observed among new users of SGLT2 inhibitors compared to those of sulfonylureas.
Time‐encoded ASL reveals lower cerebral blood flow in the early AD continuum
Authors: Falcon Carles , Montesinos Paula , Václavů Lena , Kassinopoulos Michalis , Minguillon Carolina , Fauria Karine , Cascales‐Lahoz Diego , Contador José , Fernández‐Lebrero Aida , Navalpotro Irene , Puig‐Pijoan Albert , Grau‐Rivera Oriol , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Quijano‐Rubio Clara , Molinuevo José Luis , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Suárez‐Calvet Marc , Van Osch Matthias J. P. , Sanchez‐Gonzalez Javier , Gispert Juan Domingo
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced in cognitively impaired (CI) Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We checked the sensitivity of time‐encoded arterial spin labeling (te‐ASL) in measuring CBF alterations in individuals with positive AD biomarkers and associations with relevant biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals.

METHODS

We compared te‐ASL with single‐postlabel delay (PLD) ASL in measuring CBF in 59 adults across the AD continuum, classified as CU amyloid beta (Aβ) negative (−), CU Aβ positive (+), and CI Aβ+. We sought associations of CBF with biomarkers of AD, cerebrovascular disease, synaptic dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and cognition in CU participants.

RESULTS

te‐ASL was more sensitive at detecting CBF reduction in the CU Aβ+ and CI Aβ+ groups. In CU participants, lower CBF was associated with altered biomarkers of Aβ, tau, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration.

DISCUSSION

CBF reduction occurs early in the AD continuum. te‐ASL is more sensitive than single‐PLD ASL at detecting CBF changes in AD.

Highlights

Lower CBF can be detected in CU subjects in the early AD continuum.

te‐ASL is more sensitive than single‐PLD ASL at detecting CBF alterations in AD.

CBF is linked to biomarkers of AD, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration.
HbA1c variability associated with dementia risk in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Moran Chris , Whitmer Rachel A. , Dove Zoe , Lacy Mary E. , Soh Yenee , Tsai Ai‐Lin , Quesenberry Charles P. , Karter Andrew J. , Adams Alyce S. , Gilsanz Paola
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Although poor glycemic control is associated with dementia, it is unknown if variability in glycemic control, even in those with optimal glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, increases dementia risk.

METHODS

Among 171,964 people with type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the hazard of dementia association with long‐term HbA1c variability using five operationalizations, including standard deviation (SD), adjusting for demographics and comorbidities.

RESULTS

The mean baseline age was 61 years (48% women). Greater HbA1c SD was associated with greater dementia hazard (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.15 [95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.17]). In stratified analyses, higher HbA1c SD quintiles were associated with greater dementia hazard among those with a mean HbA1c < 6% (P = 0.0004) or 6% to 8% (P < 0.0001) but not among those with mean HbA1c ≥ 8% (P = 0.42).

DISCUSSION

Greater HbA1c variability is associated with greater dementia risk, even among those with HbA1c concentrations at ideal clinical targets. These findings add to the importance and clinical impact of recommendations to minimize glycemic variability.

Highlights

We observed a cohort of 171,964 people with type 2 diabetes (mean age 61 years).

This cohort was based in Northern California between 1996 and 2018.

We examined the association between glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) variability and dementia risk.

Greater HbA1c variability was associated with greater dementia hazard.

This was most evident among those with normal–low mean HbA1c concentrations.
Directional Bias in Molecular Photogearing Evidenced by LED‐Coupled Chiral Cryo‐HPLC
Authors: Gnannt Frederik , Gerwien Aaron , Waldmannstetter Sven , Gracheva Sofia , Dube Henry
Published: July 2024

Molecular gearing systems are technomimetic nanoscale analogues to complex geared machinery in the macroscopic world. They are defined as systems incorporating intermeshed movable parts which perform correlated rotational motions by mechanical engagement. Only recently, new methods to actively drive molecular gearing motions instead of relying on passive thermal activation have been developed. Further progress in this endeavor will pave the way for unidirectional molecular gearing devices with a distinct type of molecular machine awaiting its realization. Within this work an essential step towards this goal is achieved by evidencing directional biases for the light‐induced rotations in our molecular photogear system. Using a custom‐designed LED‐coupled chiral cryo‐HPLC setup for the in situ irradiation of enantiomeric analytes, an intrinsic selectivity for clockwise or counterclockwise rotations was elucidated experimentally. Significant directional biases in the photogearing processes and light‐induced single bond rotations (SBRs) are observed for our photogear with directional preferences of up to 4.8 : 1. Harnessing these effects will allow to rationally design and construct a fully directional molecular gearing motor in the future.
Fully Fused Indacenodithiophene‐Centered Small‐Molecule n‐Type Semiconductors for High‐Performance Organic Electronics
Authors: Duan Tainan , Wang Jia , Shi Wenrui , Li Yulu , Tu Kaihuai , Bi Xingqi , Zhong Cheng , Lv Jie , Yang Ke , Xiao Zeyun , Kan Bin , Zhao Yan
Published: July 2024

Developing novel n‐type organic semiconductors is an on‐going research endeavour, given their pivotal roles in organic electronics and their relative scarcity compared to p‐type counterparts. In this study, a new strategy was employed to synthesize n‐type organic semiconductors featuring a fully fused conjugated backbone. By attaching two sets of adjacent amino and formyl groups to the indacenodithiophene‐based central cores and triggering a tandem reaction sequence of a Knoevenagel condensation‐intramolecular cyclization, DFA1 and DFA2 were realized. The solution‐processed organic field effect transistors based on DFA1 exhibited unipolar n‐type transport character with a decent electron mobility of ca. 0.10 cm2 V−1 s−1 (ca. 0.038 cm2 V−1 s−1 for DFA2 based devices). When employing DFA1 as a third component in organic solar cells, a high power conversion efficiency of 19.2 % can be achieved in ternary devices fabricated with PM6 : L8‐BO : DFA1. This work provides a new pathway in the molecular engineering of n‐type organic semiconductors, propelling relevant research forward.
Facile Synthesis and Global Aromaticity of Aza‐Superbenzene and Aza‐Supernaphthalene at Different Oxidation States
Authors: Ma Yunhan , Han Yi , Hou Xudong , Wu Shaofei , Chi Chunyan
Published: July 2024

All‐benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or macrocycles usually display localized aromaticity. On the other hand, incorporation of quinoidal units into the skeleton could lead to effective electron delocalization and global (anti)aromaticity. In this work, fully π‐conjugated macrocycle 1 and bismacrocycle 2 containing both para‐quinodimethane and triphenylamine units are efficiently synthesized mainly through intermolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. They can be considered as a tetraazasuperbenzene and a hexaazasupernaphthalene, respectively, due to their similar geometry and electronic structures to the benzene and naphthalene. X‐ray crystallographic analyses reveal a largely planar geometry for both 1 and 2 and variable‐temperature NMR measurements disclose slow dynamic processes owing to restricted ring flipping of the phenyl rings. 1 and 2 can be easily oxidized into higher‐oxidation‐state species. NMR and theoretical calculations indicate that 12+ and 14+ show global anti‐aromaticity and aromaticity, respectively, with a dominant 32π and 30π conjugation pathway, while for the bismacrocycle 2, its dication 22+, tetracation 24+ and hexacation 26+ exhibit global aromaticity, antiaromaticity, and aromaticity with a 54π, 52π and 50π conjugation pathway along the outermost backbone, respectively.
All‐in‐One: Plasmonic Janus Heterostructures for Efficient Cooperative Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Han Chuang , Zeng Zikang , Zhang Xiaorui , Liang Yujun , Kundu Bidyut Kumar , Yuan Lan , Tan Chang‐Long , Zhang Yi , Xu Yi‐Jun
Published: July 2024

Janus heterostructures consisting of multiple jointed components with distinct properties have gained growing interest in the photoredox catalytic field. Herein, we have developed a facile low‐temperature method to gain anisotropic one‐dimensional Au‐tipped CdS (Au−CdS) nanorods (NRs), followed by assembling Ru molecular co‐catalyst (RuN5) onto the surface of the NRs. The CdS NRs decorated with plasmonic Au nanoparticles and RuN5 complex harness the virtues of metal‐semiconductor and inorganic‐organic interface, giving directional charge transfer channels, spatially separated reaction sites, and enhanced local electric field distribution. As a result, the Au−CdS−RuN5 can act as an efficient dual‐function photocatalyst for simultaneous H2 evolution and valorization of biomass‐derived alcohols. Benefiting from the interfacial charge decoupling and selective chemical bond activation, the optimal all‐in‐one Au−CdS−RuN5 heterostructure shows greatly enhanced photoactivity and selectivity as compared to bare CdS NRs, along with a remarkable apparent quantum yield of 40.2 % at 400 nm. The structural evolution and working mechanism of the heterostructures are systematically analyzed based on experimental and computational results.
Path‐Independent All‐Visible Orthogonal Photoswitching for Applications in Multi‐Photochromic Polymers and Molecular Computing
Authors: Köttner Laura , Dube Henry
Published: July 2024

Synthetic molecular photoswitches have taken center stage as high‐precision tools to introduce light‐responsiveness at the smallest scales. Today they are found in all areas of applied chemistry, covering materials research, chemical biology, catalysis, or nanotechnology. For a next step of applicability truly orthogonal photoswitching is highly desirable but to date such independent addressability of different photoswitches remains highly challenging. Herein we present the first example of all‐visible, all‐light responsive, and path‐ independent orthogonal photoswitching. By combining two recently developed indigoid photoswitches ‐ peri‐anthracenethioindigo and a rhodanine‐based chromophore ‐ a four‐state system is established and each state can be accessed in high yields completely independently and also with visible light irradiation only. The four states give rise to four different colors, which can be transferred to a solid polymer matrix to yield a versatile multi‐state photochromic material. Further, combination with a fluorescent dye as a third component is possible, demonstrating the applicability of this orthogonal photoswitching system in all‐photonic molecular logic behavior and information processing.
Single‐Atom 3d Transition Metals on SnO2 as Model Cell for Conversion Mechanism: Revealing Thermodynamic Catalytic Effects on Enhanced Na Storage of Heterostructures
Authors: Xie Minggang , Zhang Zhe , Cheng Zheng , He Jinghan , Shen Zhili , Zeng Jianrong , Chen Xiao‐Bo , Li Chunguang , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua
Published: July 2024

Since the discovery in 2000, conversion‐type materials have emerged as a promising negative‐electrode candidate for next‐generation batteries with high capacity and tunable voltage, limited by low reversibility and severe voltage hysteresis. Heterogeneous construction stands out as a cost‐effective and efficient approach to reducing reaction barriers and enhancing energy density. However, the second term introduced by conventional heterostructure inevitably complicates the electrochemical analysis and poses great challenges to harvesting systematic insights and theoretical guidance. A model cell is designed and established herein for the conversion reactions between Na and TMSA−SnO2, where TMSA−SnO2 represents single atom modification of eight different 3d transition elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn). Such a model unit fundamentally eliminates the interference from the second phase and thus enables independent exploration of activation manifestations of the heterogeneous architecture. For the first time, a thermodynamically dependent catalytic effect is proposed and verified through statistical data analysis. The mechanism behind the unveiled catalytic effect is further elucidated by which the active d orbitals of transition metals weaken the surface covalent bonds and lower the reaction barriers. This research provides both theoretical insights and practical demonstrations of the advanced heterogeneous electrodes.
Novel phase‐change PDA‐Ni@GNS/CNF‐C/SA/PEG composites with ultrahigh shape stability and latent heat as thermal management material for microelectronic devices
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Yang Bin , Zhang Yue , Yang Yuqing , Lu Huijie , Wang Hao , Wang Ziyi , Qian Jiasheng , Xia Ru , Jia Ning , Ke Yuchao
Published: July 2024

Phase‐change materials (PCMs) have become a hot spot in the development of modern thermal management materials because of their absorbing and releasing heat while keeping the temperature constant during phase change process. However, their relatively low thermal conductivity (TC) considerably restricts their further application. In this work, graphene nanosheets (GNS) were initially nickel‐plated to increase the contact area between adjacent GNS (in the form of Ni@GNS) by constructing a “point‐surface” structure. Then, the prepared Ni@GNS was coated with polydopamine (PDA) to prepare PDA‐Ni@GNS, which helped to effectively reduce the interface thermal resistance (ITR) between the filler and the matrix, and also made the prepared filler more easily dispersed in the polymer matrix. By constructing well‐defined three‐dimensional (3D) thermally conductive pathways in the matrix, the PCMs exhibited excellent TC and effectively prevented the leakage of polyethylene glycol (PEG) even at low filler loading. The results of thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and cyclic DSC tests jointly showed that the PDA‐Ni@GNS/CNF‐C/SA/PEG PCMs displayed excellent thermal storage properties, high latent heat as well as good cyclic thermal stability. The present study provides a facile way of preparing PEG‐based PCMs, which are applicable in thermal management area.
Dry reforming of methane at high temperature and elevated pressure over nickel spinellized powder catalyst and pellets prepared from a metallurgical residue
Authors: Malik Muhammad Irfan , Rouabah Maroua , Abatzoglou Nicolas , Achouri Inès Esma
Published: July 2024

The coke deposition on catalysts is a significant problem in the dry reforming of methane at elevated pressures. Understanding and controlling the mechanisms of such deposition is essential in developing a techno‐economically viable industrial application for the production of synthesis gas and/or hydrogen. The patent‐pending nickel‐supported upgraded slag oxide (Ni‐UGSO) catalysts, in powder form, have demonstrated excellent performance and achieved equilibrium in dry reforming, steam reforming and mixed methane reforming in a gram‐scale laboratory packed bed reactor under barometric pressure. In this extended study, Ni‐UGSO pellets were prepared using the wet impregnation method. The pelletized form of said catalyst was studied under elevated pressure to imitate the industrial operating conditions in a kilogram‐scale laboratory packed bed reactor. The characterization of the fresh and used catalytic formulation produced data allowing the investigation of the physicochemical properties of catalysts and the effects of metal dispersion, reaction pressure and crystallite size, as well as the role of side reactions on the nature of the coke. The metal support nature favored the interaction between the Ni metal and spinels (UGSO), and the presence of the clay binder (kaolinite, quartz) improved the pellet morphology, provided higher Ni dispersion, maintained the crystallite size, reduced the coke formation and achieved similar or higher performance with respect to Ni‐UGSO powder despite having 85% less surface area. The Ni‐UGSO pellet showed negligible coke deposits from 1 to 6.5 atm and operated successfully for 24 h at 5.5 atm, 800°C and gas hourly space velocity 810 L/(h kg cat). This study provides new insight into the design of a more efficient and robust catalyst for methane dry reforming at elevated pressures, which is critical for potential future transfer at the industrial level.
Mango peel extracts and mangiferin chromatographic Fourier‐transform infrared correlation with antioxidant, antidiabetic, and advanced glycation end product inhibitory potentials using in silico modeling and in vitro assays
Authors: Amin Adnan , Ullah Niamat , Khan Mohsin Abbas , Elsadek Mohamed Farouk , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Hasnain Syed Zia Ul , Baloch Rabia , Chaman Sadia , Makhkamov Trobjon , Yuldashev Akramjon , Yunusov Salohiddinjon , Biturku Jonida
Published: July 2024

Mangifera indica peels are a rich source of diverse flavonoids and xanthonoids; however, generally these are discarded. Computational studies revealed that mangiferin significantly interacts with amino acid residues of transcriptional regulators 1IK3, 3TOP, and 4f5S. The methanolic extract of Langra variety of mangoes contained the least phenol concentrations (22.6 ± 0.32 mg/gGAE [gallic acid equivalent]) compared to the chloroform (214.8 ± 0.12 mg/gGAE) and ethyl acetate fractions (195.6 ± 0.14 mg/gGAE). Similarly, the methanolic extract of Sindhri variety contained lower phenol concentrations (42.3 ± 0.13 mg/gRUE [relative utilization efficiency]) compared with the chloroform (85.6 ± 0.15 mg/gGAE) and ethyl acetate (76.1 ± 0.32 mg/gGAE) fractions. Langra extract exhibited significant α‐glucosidase inhibition (IC50 0.06 mg/mL), whereas the ethyl acetate fraction was highly active (IC50 0.12 mg/mL) in Sindhri variety. Mangiferin exhibited significant inhibition (IC50 0.026 mg/mL). A moderate inhibition of 15‐LOX was observed in all samples, whereas mangiferin was least active. In advanced glycation end product inhibition assay, the chloroform fraction of Langra variety exhibited significant inhibition in nonoxidative (IC50 64.4 μg/mL) and oxidative modes (IC50 54.7 μg/mL). It was concluded that both Langra and Sindhri peel extracts and fractions possess significant antidiabetic activities. The results suggest the potential use of peel waste in the management and complications of diabetes.
Validation of a bioanalytical HPLC–UV method to quantify Α‐Bisabolol in rat plasma applied to pharmacokinetic pilot study with the drug nanoemulsion
Authors: da Hora Borges Matheus Antônio , Santos de Araújo Jackeline Marley , Pereira Laiz Campos , Santos Luisa Oliveira , Santos Valdeene Vieira , Santos Santana Lorena , de Souza Siqueira Quintans Jullyana , Rodrigues Marcelino Henrique , Rambo Douglas Fernando , Azeredo Francine Johansson
Published: July 2024

α‐Bisabolol (α‐BIS) is a sesquiterpene alcohol present in chamomile essential oil [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert]. Despite its numerous pharmacological effects, its pharmacokinetics remain understudied. An analytical method capable of quantifying α‐BIS in plasma is crucial to enable pharmacokinetic analysis. Presently, only one study has quantified it using mass spectrometry. Administering α‐BIS requires a nanoemulsion for intravenous injection. This study aimed to develop and validate a bioanalytical method using high‐performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector to quantify α‐BIS in rat plasma. The method employed acetonitrile and ultrapure water (80:20, v/v) as the mobile phase, with a flow rate of 1 ml/min and concentrations ranging from 465 to 29.625 μg/ml. All US Food and Drug Administration‐designated assays were successful, indicating the method's precision, accuracy, sensitivity and linearity in determining α‐BIS in rat plasma. The developed nanoemulsion, assessed through dynamic light scattering analysis, the ensemble collection of particles and polydispersity index evaluation, proved safe and effective for intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as volume of distribution, clearance and half‐life indicated that α‐BIS tends to persist in the body. This study provides a foundation for further research to explore α‐BIS's potential pharmaceutical applications in the future.
Vision‐related quality of life after unilateral occipital stroke
Authors: Dogra Neil , Redmond Bryan V. , Lilley Selena , Johnson Brent A. , Lam Byron L. , Tamhankar Madhura , Feldon Steven E. , Fahrenthold Berkeley , Yang Jingyi , Huxlin Krystel R. , Cavanaugh Matthew R.
Published: July 2024

Background/objectives

Stroke damage to the primary visual cortex induces large, homonymous visual field defects that impair daily living. Here, we asked if vision‐related quality of life (VR‐QoL) is impacted by time since stroke.

Subjects/methods

We conducted a retrospective meta‐analysis of 95 occipital stroke patients (female/male = 26/69, 27–78 years old, 0.5–373.5 months poststroke) in whom VR‐QoL was estimated using the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI‐VFQ) and its 10‐item neuro‐ophthalmic supplement (Neuro10). Visual deficit severity was represented by the perimetric mean deviation (PMD) calculated from 24‐2 Humphrey visual fields. Data were compared with published cohorts of visually intact controls. The relationship between VR‐QoL and time poststroke was assessed across participants, adjusting for deficit severity and age with a multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

Occipital stroke patients had significantly lower NEI‐VFQ and Neuro10 composite scores than controls. All subscale scores describing specific aspects of visual ability and functioning were impaired except for ocular pain and general health, which did not differ significantly from controls. Surprisingly, visual deficit severity was not correlated with either composite score, both of which increased with time poststroke, even when adjusting for PMD and age.

Conclusions

VR‐QoL appears to improve with time postoccipital stroke, irrespective of visual deficit size or patient age at insult. This may reflect the natural development of compensatory strategies and lifestyle adjustments. Thus, future studies examining the impact of rehabilitation on daily living in this patient population should consider the possibility that their VR‐QoL may change gradually over time, even without therapeutic intervention.
Assessing the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on the social sustainability of agrifood companies
Authors: Cricelli Livio , Mauriello Roberto , Strazzullo Serena , Camilleri Mark Anthony
Published: July 2024

Industry 4.0 technologies present new opportunities for the sustainable development of companies in the agrifood industry. The extant literature on this topic suggests that innovative technologies can support agrifood companies in addressing environmental, economic and social sustainability issues. While the environmental and economic benefits of technological innovations in the agrifood industry have been widely investigated, few studies sought to explore the impact of the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies on long‐standing social issues. This research addresses this knowledge gap, the data were gathered from 116 Italian agrifood companies that utilized Industry 4.0 technologies. The findings from structural equations modelling partial least squares (SEM‐PLS) show that adopting Industry 4.0 technologies helps agrifood companies to improve human resources management, supply chain management and stakeholder relationships. Finally, this contribution puts forward implications for practitioners, as it raises awareness on the benefits of using technological innovations to promote social sustainability outcomes.
Leptin‐mediated suppression of lipoprotein lipase cleavage enhances lipid uptake and facilitates lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer
Authors: Xiao Jian , Cao Shuqing , Wang Jiawei , Li Pengyu , Cheng Quan , Zhou Xinyi , Dong Jiacheng , Li Yuan , Zhao Xinyu , Xu Zekuan , Yang Li
Published: July 2024

Background

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the primary mode of metastasis in gastric cancer (GC). However, the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. Tumor cells necessitate lipid metabolic reprogramming to facilitate metastasis, yet the role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a pivotal enzyme involved in exogenous lipid uptake, remains uncertain in tumor metastasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of lipid metabolic reprogramming during LNM of GC as well as the role of LPL in this process.

Methods

Intracellular lipid levels were quantified using oil red O staining, BODIPY 493/503 staining, and flow cytometry. Lipidomics analysis was employed to identify alterations in intracellular lipid composition following LPL knockdown. Protein expression levels were assessed through immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The mouse popliteal LNM model was utilized to investigate differences in LNM. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were employed to examine protein associations. In vitro phosphorylation assays and Phos‐tag sodium dodecyl‐sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assays were conducted to detect angiopoietin‐like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) phosphorylation.

Results

We identified that an elevated intracellular lipid level represents a crucial characteristic of node‐positive (N+) GC and further demonstrated that a high‐fat diet can expedite LNM. LPL was found to be significantly overexpressed in N+ GC tissues and shown to facilitate LNM by mediating dietary lipid uptake within GC cells. Leptin, an obesity‐related hormone, intercepted the effect exerted by ANGPTL4/Furin on LPL cleavage. Circulating leptin binding to the leptin receptor could induce the activation of inositol‐requiring enzyme‐1 (IRE1) kinase, leading to the phosphorylation of ANGPTL4 at the serine 30 residue and subsequently reducing its binding affinity with LPL. Moreover, our research revealed that LPL disrupted lipid homeostasis by elevating intracellular levels of arachidonic acid, which then triggered the cyclooxygenase‐2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway, thereby promoting tumor lymphangiogenesis.

Conclusions

Leptin‐induced phosphorylation of ANGPTL4 facilitates LPL‐mediated lipid uptake and consequently stimulates the production of PGE2, ultimately facilitating LNM in GC.
Norms of equality reduce prejudice towards migrants, but only among conservatives
Authors: Long Feiteng , Pliskin Ruthie , Scheepers Daan
Published: July 2024

People are sensitive to norms, but under what conditions promoting anti‐prejudice norms reduce prejudice remains unclear. Three studies among Dutch participants (total N = 700) examined the effects of (in)equality norms on prejudice towards migrants. To gain greater clarity, we also examined how potential boundary conditions—namely economic and social ideologies—moderate this relationship. A norm of equality was measured (Study 1) or manipulated (Studies 2a and 2b). In Study 1, a perceived norm of equality predicted lower prejudice towards migrants, operationalised as cold feelings, social distance, and perceived outgroup threat, through the increased personal endorsement of equality, particularly among (economic) rightists. In two experiments (Studies 2a and 2b), as well as in a joint analysis of both studies, we found that inducing an equality norm (vs. not) mitigated prejudice towards migrants, but only among (social) rightists. These findings highlight the positive role of social norms promoting equality in combating prejudice and the importance of considering boundary conditions for this role, such as ideology. We discuss the implications for theory and practice regarding prejudice (reduction). Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's .
Determining the frequency of Helicobacter pylori in children with chronic kidney failure and its relationship to gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Nezhad Behgol Nemati , Allahverdi Bahar , Motamed Farzaneh , Djalalinia Shirin , Askarian Fahimeh , Fahimi Daryoush , Bazargani Behnaz , Abbasi Arash , Moghtaderi Mastaneh
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

As there is no significant mutual relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic kidney disease in children, its routine study is not justified and is recommended only in symptomatic cases.

Children suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) often complain of indigestion but, if it is accompanied by abdominal pain, it is necessary to investigate and rule out Helicobacter pylori infection to confirm functional dyspepsia. Epidemiological studies in adults have conflicting results regarding the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and CKD. In this study, we determined the prevalence of H. pylori in children with kidney failure and its relationship to their gastrointestinal symptoms. In this retrospective study, 54 children with chronic kidney failure admitted to the hemodialysis ward of the Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran between 2012 and 2020 were studied. The mean age of our patients was 11.89 ± 3.99 years and their sex distribution was equal. H. pylori infection was reported in only three patients with 5.6%. Based on our findings, epigastric pain in children was the most common gastrointestinal symptom (70.4%). Among all patients, three patients (5.6%) died, all of them were male (P = 0.075). The most prevalent underlying cause of kidney failure in our patients was neurogenic bladder. We did not find any significant relationship between the increased risk of chronic kidney failure and co‐infection with H. pylori. Investigating the cause of epigastric pain and looking for H. pylori is very important in CKD children under hemodialysis because if they receive a transplant the possibility of gastrointestinal complications will be increased with the use of steroid and immunosuppressive drugs.
Large‐scale synthesis of nano‐ZIF‐90 from zinc chloride application orientation heat storage materials
Authors: Don Ta Ngoc , Van Duong Le , Phuong Nguyen Thi Hong , Huyen Nguyen Thi Thu , Huy Ta Ngoc Thien , Mo Danh , Ha Bui Thi Thanh , Tran Vy Anh
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the results of the first research on the synthesis of nano‐ZIF‐90 from zinc chloride. More specifically, the paper also introduces the results of large‐scale pure nano‐ZIF‐90 synthesis with a high specific surface, uniform cubic crystals, and good thermal strength. ZIF‐90 is synthesized from zinc chloride‐containing medium capillaries, which have both a weak acid center and a strong base center. The post‐synthetic ZIF‐90 was also evaluated for heat storage based on its ability to adsorb water, methanol, and ethanol. XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption and desorption methods, TG mass thermal analysis, and NH3‐TPD/CO2‐TPD were used to study the ZIF‐90 crystallization process with modifications of precursors, solvents, additives, and reaction conditions. From this, a large‐scale synthesis of nano‐ZIF‐90 from high‐efficiency zinc chloride has been derived. DSC measurements are used to evaluate the enthalpy adsorption of water, methanol, and ethanol on ZIF‐90.
Effect of anti‐Agglomerants on carbon dioxide hydrate formation in oil–water systems
Authors: Huang Shaochang , Wang Xiao , Ma Guiyang , Zang Chunyang
Published: July 2024

The experiments in high‐pressure pipelines simulate the formation and fluid of hydrate under deep‐sea conditions, which has practical significance for the deep‐sea landfill of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the safe running of oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, pure water, white oil, CO2, and arquad 2C‐75 were used to study the formation and flow characteristics of CO2 hydrate in the oil–water system with the help of a loop device, and the growth morphology of hydrate was observed through the view‐window on the loop. The experimental results show that in the low water cut system without anti‐agglomerates, hydrate mainly forms on the surface of water droplets and the surface of the free water layer at the bottom of the loop. In the high water cut system, hydrate forms on the pipe wall in the form of hydrate film. Increasing water cuts can shorten the induction period of hydrate formation. Anti‐agglomerates in the oil–water system can inhibit the growth of hydrate film on the pipe wall effectively. Anti‐agglomerates can shorten the induction time of hydrate formation.
Simultaneous state‐estimator tuning and parameter estimation for systems with nonstationary disturbances, multi‐rate data, and measurement delays
Authors: Liu Qiujun A. , McAuley Kimberley B.
Published: July 2024

Model‐based monitoring and control of chemical and biochemical processes rely on state estimators such as extended Kalman filters (EKFs) to ensure accurate online model predictions. Accurate predictions depend on appropriate model parameters and suitable state‐estimator tuning factors. Extensions to our previously developed simultaneous parameter estimation and tuning (SPET) method are proposed so that SPET can be used for systems with nonstationary disturbances, time‐varying parameters, multi‐rate data, and measurement delays. A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) case study with simulated data is used to illustrate and test the proposed method. Superior online model predictions and state‐estimator performance are achieved using SPET compared to a traditional approach for parameter estimation and EKF tuning, with improvements in the average sum‐of‐squared prediction errors ranging from 3% to 52% for the scenarios tested. The SPET approach will also be useful for more‐advanced state estimators that require the same tuning information as EKFs.
Silver Complex Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Bidentate Chelating Ligand as an Efficient Catalyst in Solvent‐Free KA2 Coupling
Authors: Mateus Miguel , Rycek Lukas
Published: July 2024

We report a synthesis of silver complexes bearing chelating bidentate N‐heterocyclic carbene, with various substitutions at the terminal positions of the imidazole moiety of the NHC units. The long aliphatic substituents proved to be beneficial in terms of the synthetic efficiency of the complexes, compared to previously reported methyl substitution. The complexes demonstrated excellent suitability for the KA2 coupling reaction, providing quaternary carbon‐containing propargylic amines in yields up to 95 %, under solvent‐free conditions. The method showed high tolerance for a wide range of substrates, including naturally occurring ketones, underscoring its practicality. To our knowledge, this represents the first use of a well‐defined silver species in KA2 coupling, marking an advancement in the field.
Age‐Dependent Abundance of CYP450 Enzymes Involved in Metronidazole Metabolism: Application to Pediatric PBPK Modeling
Authors: Parvez Md Masud , Thakur Aarzoo , Mehrotra Aanchal , Stancil Stephani , Pearce Robin E. , Basit Abdul , Leeder J. Steven , Prasad Bhagwat
Published: July 2024

The expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is highly variable and associated with factors, such as age, genotype, sex, and disease states. In this study, quantification of metronidazole metabolizing CYP isoforms (CYP2A6, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7) in human liver microsomes from 115 children and 35 adults was performed using a quantitative proteomics method. The data confirmed age‐dependent increase in CYP2A6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 abundance, whereas, as expected, CYP3A7 abundance showed postnatal decrease with age. In particular, the fold difference (neonatal to adulthood levels) in the protein abundance of CYP2A6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 was 14, 11, and 20, respectively. In contrast, protein abundance of CYP3A7 was > 125‐fold higher in the liver microsomes of neonates than of adults. The abundance of CYP2A6 and CYP3A5 was associated with genotypes, rs4803381 and rs776746, respectively. A proteomics‐informed physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to describe the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and its primary metabolite, 2‐hydroxymethylmetronidazole. The model revealed an increase in the metabolite‐to‐parent ratio with age and showed a strong correlation between CYP2A6 abundance and metabolite formation (r
2 = 0.75). Notably, the estimated contribution of CYP3A7 was ~ 75% in metronidazole clearance in neonates. These data suggest that variability in CYP2A6 and CYP3A7 in younger children poses the risk of variable pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and its active metabolite with a potential impact on drug efficacy and safety. No sex‐dependent difference was observed in the protein abundance of the studied CYPs. The successful integration of hepatic CYP ontogeny data derived from a large liver bank into the pediatric PBPK model of metronidazole can be extended to other drugs metabolized by the studied CYPs.