bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОТ ТЕОРИИ НЕЙТРОННЫХ ЗВЕЗД К РЕШЕНИЮ ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАДАЧ КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ НАВИГАЦИИ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Арефьев В.А. , Мольков С.А. , Лутовинов А.А.
Published: October 2022

Наблюдение нейтронных звезд, в частности, нейтронных звезд с сильным магнитным полем, является одной из основных задач научной программы рентгеновского телескопа ART-XC им. М.Н. Павлинского. Рентгеновское излучение таких источников демонстрирует сильные пульсации, резкое изменение потока и особенности в энергетических спектрах. По данным наблюдений удается детально исследовать поведение излучения и вещества в сильных гравитационных и магнитных полях. Прецизионные измерения параметров рентгеновских импульсов позволяют создать систему автономной навигации космических аппаратов по сигналам рентгеновских пульсаров.
СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ВОДНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Егорова А.И.
Published: October 2022

Многие страны мира испытывают острый и средний дефицит воды. Такое положение дел приводит к конкуренции за этот ресурс. Изучение потенциальных инструментов снижения угроз для Российской Федерации является приоритетной задачей, так как она находится на втором месте по уровню запасов пресной воды и граничит с вододефицитными странами. В статье проанализированы различные определения водной безопасности, обозначены ключевые направления и инструменты обеспечения водной безопасности, позволяющие создать смягчающие условия последствий изменения климата и других факторов, влияющих на стабильность.
ДЕКАРБОНИЗАЦИЯ В СОВМЕЩЁННОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БИОДИЗЕЛЬНОГО ТОПЛИВА (технико-экономический анализ), "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Артемов А.В. , Переславцев А.В. , Вощинин С.А. , Тресвятский С.С. , Коробцев С.В. , Крутяков Ю.А. , Хина А.Г.
Published: October 2022

Приведены результаты расчёта вариантов плазменной технологии переработки отходов производства и потребления (ОПП) различного морфологического состава и показана перспективность объединения высокотемпературного плазменного конвертера (ВТПК) с блоком алга-технологий (БАТ), в котором происходит выращивание и переработка микроводорослей Chlorella vulgaris в биодизельное топливо, биомассу и глицерин. Проведен технико-экономический анализ работы Комплекса ВТПК+БАТ в зависимости от основных технологических и экономических факторов. Высокая степень декарбонизации при эксплуатации Комплекса ВТПК+БАТ достигается за счёт полного извлечения CO из технологических потоков, высокой степени внутреннего использования CO (до 88%) и заменой (до 98%) природного газа вырабатываемым биодизелем и горючими компонентами пирогаза. Показана перспективность переработки побочного продукта глицерина в триацетин переэтерификацией триглицеридов жирных кислот метанолом и предложена технология переэтерификации в сложной реакционно-ректификационной колонне с боковыми ректификационными колоннами, обеспечивающая выход триацетина до 94%. На базе разработанного совмещенного процесса предложен вариант Агро-Промышленно-Коммунального Кластера (АПКК), перерабатывающий отходы коммунального сектора промышленно-сельскохозяйственных предприятий и обеспечивающий их сырьём и энергоносителями.
ГДЕ НАХОДИТСЯ АТЛАНТИДА?.. ТОЧНОЕ МЕСТО УСТАНОВЛЕНО…, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Гарматюк В.
Published: October 2022

Раскрыта “роковая” ошибка Платона (Крития или Солона), которая привела к путанице с местом нахождения Атлантиды
СПЕЦИФИКА ПЕРЕХОДА К ТЕХНОЛОГИИ «28 НМ» В ЧАСТИ РАЗРАБОТКИ ФОТОШАБЛОНОВ ДЛЯ ПРОЕКЦИОННОЙ ФОТОЛИТОГРАФИИ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Балан Н.Н. , Иванов В.В. , Кузовков А.В. , Панкратов А.Л. , Соколова Е.В. , Харченко Е.Л. , Шипицин Д.С.
Published: October 2022

В условиях текущего уровня развития российской микроэлектроники переход к проектным нормам «28 нм» влечет необходимость использования как более совершенных литографических установок и фотошаблонов (ФШ) более высоких групп качества, так и новых для отечественных разработчиков вычислительных методов, применяемых при проектировании фотошаблонов. В статье производится обзор основных касающихся разработки ФШ технологических и инструментальных особенностей, характерных для литографии проектных норм «28 нм», в сравнении с наиболее современной из имеющихся в России серийных технологий производства СБИС – технологией проектных норм «90 нм».
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПОРИСТЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ В КАЧЕСТВЕ БУФЕРНОГО СЛОЯ В МЕМРИСТОРНЫХ СТРУКТУРАХ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Резванов А.А. , Ганыкина Е.А. , Орлов А.А. , Горохов С.А. , Зюзин С.С.
Published: October 2022

Обзорная статья посвящена мемристорным структурам с пористыми материалами в качестве буферного слоя. Использование дополнительного пористого материала к основному переключающему слою позволяет уменьшить разброс рабочих параметров мемристора, увеличить количество циклов переключения и стабильность высокоомных и низкоомных состояний.
ФАЗОВЫЕ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ МИНЕРАЛОВ СОПОЧНОЙ БРЕКЧИИ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ТЕРМАЛЬНОГО МЕТАМОРФИЗМА, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Матвеев М.А. , Афиногенова Н.А. , Белобородов Д.Е. , Краснова М.А. , Егоров Н.А.
Published: October 2022

Сопочная брекчия вызывает большой интерес как с точки зрения выяснения генезиса, механизма работы структур грязевого вулканизма, так и с точки зрения потенциально перспективного сырья на керамзит. Изучен минеральный состав сопочной брекчии грязевых вулканов Керченско-Таманской грязевулканической области при помощи ультразвукового метода, петрографического анализа шлифов и рентгенодифракционного метода исследования фазового минерального состава, а также посредством наблюдения за изменением скоростей упругих волн в пластичных породах и осадках в процессе нагрева. Примененный комплексный подход позволил получить качественные и количественные данные, раскрывающие процесс изменения глинистого вещества. Ультразвуковые исследования дали возможность наблюдать изменения характеристик упругих волн при нагревании. Рентгенодифракционный анализ позволил изучить минеральные ассоциации и фазовые изменения вещества при нагреве. Описание шлифов дало возможность визуализировать переходные стадии, изучить литологический и минеральный состав. Изменение глинистого вещества (сопочной брекчии) происходит в несколько стадий – температурных интервалов. Комплексное изучение микроструктуры глинистых пород (рентгенодифракционный анализ и петрографическое описание шлифов) позволило связать температурные интервалы с изменениями микроструктуры, минерального состава породы и скоростями упругих колебаний.
ОБЪЕМНАЯ ПЛОТНОСТЬ ЭНЕРГИИ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ В МНОГОКОМПОНЕНТНЫХ ФРИКЦИОННЫХ КОМПОЗИТАХ НА ПОЛИМЕРНОЙ ОСНОВЕ, АРМИРОВАННЫХ ХАОТИЧЕСКИ ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫМИ ВОЛОКНАМИ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Колесников В.И. , Бардушкин В.В. , Лавров И.В. , Сычев А.П. , Сычев А.А. , Яковлев В.Б.
Published: October 2022

Решается задача построения модели и проведения численных расчетов значений объемной плотности энергии деформации в многокомпонентных полимерных фрикционных композитах с учетом состава, формы, ориентации и объемного содержания наполнителей, а также вида приложенного к материалу внешнего механического воздействия. Рассмотрены композиты на основе эпоксифенольного связующего, армированные хаотически ориентированными в пространстве материала короткими волокнами бесщелочного стекла и дисперсными добавками каучука, глинозема, графита и барита. Моделирование опирается на обобщенное сингулярное приближение теории случайных полей и понятие оператора концентрации напряжений (тензора четвертого ранга), связывающего локальные (внутренние) значения тензора напряжений со средними (внешними) по материалу напряжениями. Исследованы зависимости значений объемной плотности энергии деформации в элементах неоднородности полимерных фрикционных композитов от вариаций объемных концентраций наполнителей – волокон бесщелочного стекла, дисперсных включений каучука и минерального порошка, состоящего из глинозема, графита и барита в равных объемных долях. Рассмотрены два случая внешнего сжимающего воздействия – осевое и объемное. В результате проведенных численных модельных расчетов установлено, что увеличение объемных долей как волокон бесщелочного стекла, так и минерального порошка приводит к уменьшению и сближению значений объемной плотности энергии деформации в компонентах всех типов рассматриваемых полимерных фрикционных композитов. Моделирование показало также, что увеличение объемной доли включений каучука приводит к росту и расхождению значений объемной плотности энергии деформации в элементах неоднородности всех типов исследуемых полимерных фрикционных композитов.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦИИ В ПЛЕНКАХ СЛОИСТОГО ТИТАНАТА ВИСМУТА С РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ДОМЕННОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ НА КРЕМНИЕВОЙ ПОДЛОЖКЕ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Мухортов В.М. , Головко Ю.И. , Бирюков С.В. , Стрюков Д.В.
Published: October 2022

Представлены результаты получения и исследования структуры и диэлектрических характеристик тонких пленок слоистого титаната висмута с различной ориентацией кристаллитов относительно плоскости подложки (100)Si с использованием в качестве подслоя (Ba, Sr)TiO. В зависимости от условий роста и химического состава подслоя можно получать монокристаллические или текстурированные пленки слоистого титаната висмута с различной доменной структурой. Одновременное измерение пьезоотклика и вольт-фарадных характеристик позволило сделать вывод о том, что эффект поля в МСЭП-структуре полностью определяется сегнетоэлектрической поляризацией, обусловленной перестройкой доменного строения при внешнем полевом воздействии, а влияние поверхностных состояний незначительно.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАТНОЙ СВЯЗИ ДЛЯ СОБЛЮДЕНИЯ PRONE-ПОЗИЦИИ ПАЦИЕНТАМИ С COVID-19, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Вербицкий Е.В. , Городин В.Н. , Зотов С.В. , Гауфман Б.В. , Ткачева А.В. , Кабанец В.А.
Published: October 2022

Проанализированы результаты апробации и обобщен опыт использования биологической обратной связи, применение которой ранее было отработано в сомнологической практике при осуществлении позиционной терапии для лечения нарушений ночного дыхания по типу обструктивного апноэ посредством оптимизации позиции пациентов во время лечения от инфекции COVID-19. Этим пациентам рекомендовано соблюдение prone-позиции (лицом вниз). Несоблюдение рекомендованной позиции при злоупотреблении supine-позицией (лицом вверх) ведет к ухудшению протекания заболевания. Однако если в дневное время медицинский персонал может проконтролировать соблюдение пациентами с COVID-19 prone-позиции, то ночью это не представляется возможным. Для обеспечения соблюдения prone-позиции пациентам прикрепляли миниатюрное устройство, подающее вибрационный сигнал в случае нарушения рекомендованной позиции. За счет выработки устойчивого условного рефлекса формировался полезный навык, исключающий любые позы, кроме рекомендованной prone-позиции. При этом облегчалось соблюдение пациентами требований позиционной терапии, что положительно сказывалось на самочувствии больных, улучшало их физиологическое состояние и ускоряло выздоровление.
“I have Loans”: A Communicative Study of Teachers Living with Loans
Authors: Pinzon Ali Jr. G.
Published: October 2022

The study looks at the life of teachers at the public school living with loans through the Phenomenological Tradition of Communication that conceives communication as a dialogue or experience of otherness. The study, a phenomenological approach, sought to answer the overarching question: how is the life of teachers who have loans? Specifically, it sought to answer (1) what are their reasons for resorting to loan?; and (2) what are their coping mechanisms to provide their daily needs? The study assumed that teacher's motives and actions towards loans could only understand through their experience. The study designed qualitatively wherein teachers from public a public elementary school at the Schools Division of Puerto Princesa City, Philippines were intentionally chosen (non-probability) and interviewed based on their common experience.

Four public elementary teachers with loans and take-home pay of four thousand pesos participated in the study. A semi-structured interview was done and recorded with their permission. The data were transcribed and analyzed by coding and constructing themes. Teachers have loans because of their (1) perceived personal needs such as (a) expenses for their wedding; (2) and perceived family needs such as (a) expenses for baby's needs, (b) tuition of family members, (3) housing for the family, (5) and to pay the debt of the family. Their perceived needs direct them to resort to loans, which led them to have a take-home pay of four thousand pesos, wherein for them, it is not enough to sustain their daily needs. Thus, it urges them to have various coping mechanisms to maintain their everyday living that include (1) re-loan and "bunggo," (2) seeking financial help from other members of the family, (3) and becoming a wise spender. It further revealed that to sustain the authentic relationship between teacher (self) and loan (other) both must have a continuous perceived needs and benefits. The study recommended some recommendations wherein teachers and school heads may consider.
The Effect of Welded Splice with Predetermined Gap of Concrete Spun Pile on The Response of Low Strain Integrity Test
Authors: Budi Dr. Gogot Setyo , Tanaya Levin S.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents the velocity wave of concrete spun piles with welded splice. The stress wave velocity was recorded using Pile Integrity Test. Two specimens were prepared in the experiment. The first sample was prepared visually no gap between the two end-plates of connected  piles, while the second  specimen was prepared by inserting 5mm thick steel plate into the splice to create a gap in its connection. The results show that a spike of reflecting stress wave still develops at the splice with and without gap, regardless the splice was welded in full circle. The relatively high spikes of reflecting waves at pile toe are noticed for both specimens with and without gaps. It shows that the full welded splice able to transfer stress wave velocity.  A good quality of welded splice can be indicated by the reflecting wave at the pile toe, regardless the reflecting wave development at the splice.
The Supreme Court Decision on Federal Prescribing Rules for Controlled Substances
Authors: Lamkin Matt
Published: October 2022

This Viewpoint explains how a recent Supreme Court decision clarifies rules for prescribing controlled substances so that patients are not denied appropriate care and physicians are not unjustly prosecuted.
Association of Prior Intracerebral Hemorrhage With Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Gaist David , Hald Stine Munk , García Rodríguez Luis Alberto , Clausen Anne , Möller Sören , Hallas Jesper , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam
Published: October 2022

Importance

Patients with stroke due to nontraumatic (spontaneous) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) often harbor vascular risk factors and comorbidities, but it is unclear which major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) occur more frequently among patients with a prior ICH than the general population.

Objective

To evaluate the risk of a MACE for patients with a prior ICH compared with the general population.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study identified 8991 patients with a first ICH in the Danish Stroke Registry from January 1, 2005, to June 30, 2018, who were aged 45 years or older and survived more than 30 days after an ICH. Patients in this ICH cohort were matched 1:40 on age, sex, and ICH-onset date with a comparison cohort of 359 185 individuals from the general population without a prior ICH. Both cohorts were followed up for 6 months or more until December 31, 2018, for outcomes using registry data. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2021, to July 19, 2022.

Exposures

Intracerebral hemorrhage identified by a nationwide clinical database.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were ICH, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and a composite of MACEs. For each outcome, a case-control study nested within the cohorts was also performed, adjusting for time-varying exposures and potential confounders. Crude absolute event rates per 100 person-years, adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs and, in the nested case-control analyses, crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated.

Results

The ICH cohort (n = 8991; 4814 men [53.5%]; mean [SD] age, 70.7 [11.5] years) had higher event rates than the comparison cohort (n = 359 185; 192 256 men [53.5%]; mean [SD] age, 70.7 [11.5] years) for MACEs (4.16 [95% CI, 3.96-4.37] per 100 person-years vs 1.35 [95% CI, 1.33-1.36] per 100 person-years; aHR, 3.13 [95% CI, 2.97-3.30]), ischemic stroke (1.52 [95% CI, 1.40-1.65] per 100 person-years vs 0.56 [95% CI, 0.55-0.57] per 100 person-years; aHR, 2.64 [95% CI, 2.43-2.88]), and ICH (1.44 [95% CI, 1.32-1.56] per 100 person-years vs 0.06 [95% CI, 0.06-0.07] per 100 person-years; aHR, 23.49 [95% CI, 21.12-26.13]) but not myocardial infarction (0.52 [95% CI, 0.45-0.60] per 100 person-years vs 0.48 [95% CI, 0.47-0.49] per 100 person-years; aHR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.97-1.29]). Nested case-control analyses returned risk estimates of similar magnitude as the cohort analyses.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study suggest that Danish patients with a prior ICH had statistically significantly higher rates of MACEs than the general population, indicating a need for attention to optimal secondary prevention with blood pressure lowering and antithrombotic and statin therapies after an ICH in clinical research and practice.
Risk of Suicide After Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Alothman Danah , Card Timothy , Lewis Sarah , Tyrrell Edward , Fogarty Andrew W. , Marshall Charles R.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Patients with dementia may be at an increased suicide risk. Identifying groups at greatest risk of suicide would support targeted risk reduction efforts by clinical dementia services.

Objectives

To examine the association between a dementia diagnosis and suicide risk in the general population and to identify high-risk subgroups.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a population-based case-control study in England conducted from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2019. Data were obtained from multiple linked electronic records from primary care, secondary care, and the Office for National Statistics. Included participants were all patients 15 years or older and registered in the Office for National Statistics in England with a death coded as suicide or open verdict from 2001 to 2019. Up to 40 live control participants per suicide case were randomly matched on primary care practice and suicide date.

Exposures

Patients with codes referring to a dementia diagnosis were identified in primary care and secondary care databases.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for sex and age at suicide/index date.

Results

From the total sample of 594 674 patients, 580 159 (97.6%) were controls (median [IQR] age at death, 81.6[72.0-88.4] years; 289 769 male patients [50.0%]), and 14 515 (2.4%) died by suicide (median [IQR] age at death, 47.4 [36.0-59.7] years; 10 850 male patients [74.8%]). Among those who died by suicide, 95 patients (1.9%) had a recorded dementia diagnosis (median [IQR] age at death, 79.5 [67.1-85.5] years; median [IQR] duration of follow-up, 2.3 [1.0-4.4] years). There was no overall significant association between a dementia diagnosis and suicide risk (adjusted OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85-1.29). However, suicide risk was significantly increased in patients diagnosed with dementia before age 65 years (adjusted OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.84-4.33), in the first 3 months after diagnosis (adjusted OR, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.49-4.09), and in patients with dementia and psychiatric comorbidity (adjusted OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.21-1.93). In patients younger than 65 years and within 3 months of diagnosis, suicide risk was 6.69 times (95% CI, 1.49-30.12) higher than in patients without dementia.

Conclusions and Relevance

Diagnostic and management services for dementia, in both primary and secondary care settings, should target suicide risk assessment to the identified high-risk groups.
A Conflicting Case of Ophthalmoparesis
Authors: Cheng Newman
Published: October 2022

A 37-year-old man with no known medical or drug history presented with an insidious onset of left-eye ptosis. He did not complain of headaches, facial numbness, dysarthria, facial droop, dysphagia, limb weakness or numbness. What is your diagnosis?
Kids on the Run—Is Marathon Running Safe for Children?
Authors: Smoliga James M. , Roberts William O. , Tenforde Adam S.
Published: October 2022

This Viewpoint examines youth marathon participation through the collective perspectives of clinicians and researchers invested in optimizing health, safety, and performance in young runners.
Reinforcement learning‐based optimized output feedback control of nonlinear strict‐feedback systems with event sampled states
Authors: Xin Chun , Li Yuan‐Xin
Published: October 2022

This article focuses on the event‐triggered optimized output feedback control problem for nonlinear strict‐feedback systems. First, a fuzzy state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasurable states. Then, the fuzzy‐based reinforcement learning is performed under critic‐actor architecture to realize the optimized control. In addition, a novel event‐triggered mechanism is developed for the system states to greatly economize communication resources. By means of the Lyapunov stability theory, it can be proved that all signals of the closed‐loop system are bounded, and the Zeno behavior can be successfully avoided. Lastly, an inverted pendulum example is provided to confirm the effectiveness of the derived algorithm.
Adaptation‐Proof SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccine Design
Authors: Vishweshwaraiah Yashavantha L. , Hnath Brianna , Rackley Brendan , Wang Jian , Gontu Abhinay , Chandler Morgan , Afonin Kirill A. , Kuchipudi Suresh V. , Christensen Neil , Yennawar Neela H. , Dokholyan Nikolay V.
Published: October 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) surface spike glycoprotein—a major antibody target—is critical for virus entry via engagement of human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Despite successes with existing vaccines and therapies that primarily target the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, the susceptibility of RBD to mutations provides escape routes for the SARS‐CoV‐2 from neutralizing antibodies. On the other hand, structural conservation in the spike protein can be targeted to reduce escape mutations and achieve broad protection. Here, candidate stable immunogens are designed that mimic surface features of selected conserved regions of spike protein through “epitope grafting,” in which the target epitope topology is presented on diverse heterologous scaffolds that can structurally accommodate the spike epitopes. Structural characterization of the epitope‐scaffolds showed stark agreement with computational models and target epitopes. The sera from mice immunized with engineered designs display epitope‐scaffolds and spike binding activity. The utility of the designed epitope‐scaffolds in diagnostic applications is also demonstrated. Taken all together, this study provides an important methodology for targeting the conserved, non‐RBD structural motifs of spike protein for SARS‐CoV‐2 epitope vaccine design and demonstrates the potential utility of “epitope grafting” in rational vaccine design.
Magnetic Properties of Layered Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Metal‐Halide Perovskites: Transition Metal, Organic Cation and Perovskite Phase Effects
Authors: Asensio Yaiza , Marras Sergio , Spirito Davide , Gobbi Marco , Ipatov Mihail , Casanova Fèlix , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio , Hueso Luis E. , Martín‐García Beatriz
Published: October 2022

Understanding the structural and magnetic properties in layered hybrid organic‐inorganic metal halide perovskites (HOIPs) is key for their design and integration in spin‐electronic devices. Here, a systematic study is conducted on ten compounds to understand the effect of the transition metal (Cu2+, Mn2+, Co2+), organic spacer (alkyl‐ and aryl‐ammonium), and perovskite phase (Ruddlesden‐Popper and Dion‐Jacobson) on the properties of these materials. Temperature‐dependent Raman measurements show that the crystals’ structural phase transitions are triggered by the motional freedom of the organic cations as well as by the flexibility of the inorganic metal‐halide lattice. In the case of Cu2+ HOIPs, an increase of the in‐plane anisotropy and a reduction of the octahedra interlayer distance is found to change the behavior of the HOIP from that of a 2D ferromagnet to that of a quasi‐3D antiferromagnet. Mn2+ HOIPs show inherent antiferromagnetic octahedra intralayer interactions and a phenomenologically rich magnetism, presenting spin‐canting, spin‐flop transitions, and metamagnetism controlled by the crystal anisotropy. Co2+ crystals with non‐linked tetrahedra show a dominant paramagnetic behavior irrespective of the organic spacer and the perovskite phase. This study demonstrates that the chemical flexibility of HOIPs can be exploited to develop novel layered magnetic materials with tailored magnetic properties.
Cellulose‐Reinforced Programmable and Stretch‐Healable Actuators for Smart Packaging
Authors: Chen Qing , Sochor Benedikt , Chumakov Andrei , Betker Marie , Ulrich Nils M. , Toimil‐Molares Maria E. , Gordeyeva Korneliya , Söderberg L. Daniel , Roth Stephan V.
Published: October 2022

Biomimetic actuators are promising candidates for smart soft robotics. The applications of state‐of‐the‐art actuators require the combination of programmable stimuli‐responsiveness, excellent robustness, and efficient self‐healing ability in a wide‐range of working conditions. However, these properties may be mutually exclusive. Inspired by biological tissues, two kinds of polyelectrolytes including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) are exploited as the fillers of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) for the fabrication of the CNF/PVA/PSS (CAS) film via the assembly of the physically‐crosslinked network through multiple H‐bonding and electrostatic interactions. Achieved by a casting‐evaporation strategy, internal stress is stored within the polymer matrix and transforms into reversible anisotropic bending deformations in response to a humidity gradient. The speed, direction, and pitch of the bending can be programmed by tailoring the internal stresses and geometry of the samples. Moreover, the H‐bonded network also contributes to the effective energy dissipation toward high toughness during tensile stretching, as well as self‐healing ability during moisture saturation of the CAS films. This enables the fabrication of a humidity‐sensitive flower‐shaped actuator and self‐healable packaging paper. This study presents a biomimetic strategy for the fabrication of multi‐functional soft robotics, which holds great promise for applications in the fields of biosensors and smart packaging.
Stretchable Strain Sensors Based on Deterministic‐Contact‐Resistance Braided Structures with High Performance and Capability of Continuous Production
Authors: Li Juyao , Li Shuang , Su Yewang
Published: October 2022

Owing to their potential applicability in wearable devices and intelligent robots, stretchable strain sensors have been widely investigated. However, fabricating sensors with high sensitivity, wide sensing range, high repeatability, robustness, and capability for continuous production remains challenging. Herein, a deterministic‐contact‐resistance braided structure (DCRBS)‐based stretchable strain sensor is proposed. The polyester yarns in the sensor tightly trap the silver fibers with the latex thread substrate to form a periodic “Y” structure to avoid slippage of the fibers, thereby facilitating deterministic contact and separation between the silver fibers during cyclic stretching. Owing to this braided structure, the strain sensor exhibits high repeatability (repeatability error = 3.74%), high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 140), wide sensing range (50%), and high robustness (washability, insensitivity to micro‐defects). Additionally, the strain sensor can be continuously mass produced using mature raw materials and processing technology. Because of its demonstrated excellent performance, the strain sensor can find applications in human motion monitoring, rehabilitation medicine, and robotic control.
A Time‐Dependent Fluorescent Hydrogel for “Time‐Lock” Information Encryption
Authors: Wang Qian , Qi Zhen , Wang Qi‐Meng , Chen Meng , Lin Biyan , Qu Da‐Hui
Published: October 2022

Information encryption has become increasingly important in recent years; however, information encryption materials, especially those encrypting on a time scale, are still in fancy. Herein, a “time‐lock” information encryption material is developed based on a time‐dependent fluorescent hydrogel. The fluorescence color of this hydrogel can be regulated between green and yellow, with distinctive changes in intensity, on a time scale by controlling the concentration of urea/urease and HCl. By taking advantage of this feature, “time‐locked” information can be encoded. Such information self‐erases with time, and moreover, fake or even opposing information is generated during this process. The correct information can only be recognized at a specified time, i.e., using a “time‐key” to decrypt the information. This time‐dependent feature endows the material with a higher level of security and provides new insight for information encryption.
Tailored Organic Cathode Material with Multi‐Active Site and Compatible Groups for Stable Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Organic Batteries
Authors: Chen Lan , Cheng Linqi , Yu Jie , Chu Juan , Wang Heng‐guo , Cui Fengchao , Zhu Guangshan
Published: October 2022

Quasi‐solid‐state lithium‐organic batteries have attracted widespread attention in view of their high safety, good mechanical strength, compromise ionic conductivity, and environmental friendliness. However, most organic electrode materials suffer from the undesirable interfacial compatibility, thus causing poor cycling stability. Herein, a quinone‐fused aza‐phenazine (THQAP) is reported with multi‐active site and compatible groups as the cathode material for constructing poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoro propylene) (PVDF‐HFP)‐based quasi‐solid‐state lithium‐organic batteries. Benefitting from the high compatibility between cathode material (THQAP) and gel polymer electrolytes (PVDF‐HFP), the dissolution and shuttle reaction of THQAP with hydroxyl groups are suppressed compared with its counterparts (QAP) without hydroxyl groups. As a result, THQAP in quasi‐solid‐state lithium‐organic batteries not only delivers excellent reversible capacity of 240 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, but also exhibits stable cyclability with capacity retention of 78% (160 mAh g−1) after 200 cycles at 200 mA g−1. This study offers a promising strategy to develop quasi‐solid‐state lithium‐organic batteries with higher capacity and cycling stability.
Acellularized Uvea Hydrogel as Novel Injectable Platform for Cell‐Based Delivering Treatment of Retinal Degeneration and Optimizing Retinal Organoids Inducible System
Authors: Li Guilan , Liu Sheng , Chen Wenfei , Jiang Zhijian , Luo Yuanting , Wang Dongliang , Zheng Yingfeng , Liu Yizhi
Published: October 2022

Replenishing the retina with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has great promise for treating retinal degenerative diseases, but it is limited by poor cell survival and integration in vivo. Herein, porcine acellular sclera and uvea extracellular matrix (ECM) and their counterpart hydrogels are developed, and their effects on the biological behavior of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived RPE cells (hiPSC‐RPE) and embryoid body (hiPSC‐EB) differentiation are investigated. Both acellular ECM hydrogels have excellent biocompatibility and suitable biodegradability without evoking an obvious immune response. Most importantly, the decellularized uvea hydrogel‐delivered cells’ injection remarkably promotes the hiPSC‐RPE cells’ survival and integration in the subretinal space, rescues the photoreceptor cells’ death and retinal gliosis, and restores vision in rats with retinal degeneration for a long duration. In addition, medium supplementation with decellularized uvea peptides promotes hiPSC‐EBs onset morphogenesis and neural/retinal differentiation, forming layered retinal organoids. This study demonstrates that ECM hydrogel‐delivered hiPSC‐RPE cells’ injection may be a useful approach for treating retinal degeneration disease, combined with an optimized retinal seeding cells’ induction program, which has potential for clinical application.
Beyond Human Touch Perception: An Adaptive Robotic Skin Based on Gallium Microgranules for Pressure Sensory Augmentation
Authors: Lee Simok , Byun Sang‐Hyuk , Kim Choong Yeon , Cho Sungwoo , Park Steve , Sim Joo Yong , Jeong Jae‐Woong
Published: October 2022

Robotic skin with human‐skin‐like sensing ability holds immense potential in various fields such as robotics, prosthetics, healthcare, and industries. To catch up with human skin, numerous studies are underway on pressure sensors integrated on robotic skin to improve the sensitivity and detection range. However, due to the trade‐off between them, existing pressure sensors have achieved only a single aspect, either high sensitivity or wide bandwidth. Here, an adaptive robotic skin is proposed that has both high sensitivity and broad bandwidth with an augmented pressure sensing ability beyond the human skin. A key for the adaptive robotic skin is a tunable pressure sensor built with uniform gallium microgranules embedded in an elastomer, which provides large tuning of the sensitivity and the bandwidth, excellent sensor‐to‐sensor uniformity, and high reliability. Through the mode conversion based on the solid–liquid phase transition of gallium microgranules, the sensor provides 97% higher sensitivity (16.97 kPa−1) in the soft mode and 262.5% wider bandwidth (≈1.45 MPa) in the rigid mode compared to the human skin. Successful demonstration of the adaptive robotic skin verifies its capabilities in sensing a wide spectrum of pressures ranging from subtle blood pulsation to body weight, suggesting broad use for various applications.
Self‐Powered, Implantable, and Wirelessly Controlled NO Generation System for Intracranial Neuroglioma Therapy
Authors: Yao Shuncheng , Zheng Minjia , Wang Zhuo , Zhao Yunchao , Wang Shaobo , Liu Zhirong , Li Zhou , Guan Yunqian , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Linlin
Published: October 2022

Gas therapy is an emerging technology for improving cancer therapy with high efficiency and low side effects. However, due to the existence of the gatekeeper of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the limited availability of current drug delivery systems, there still have been no reports on gas therapy for intracranial neuroglioma. Herein, an integrated, self‐powered, and wirelessly controlled gas‐therapy system is reported, which is composed of a self‐powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and an implantable nitric oxide (NO) releasing device for intracranial neuroglioma therapy. In the system, the patient self‐driven TENG converts the mechanical energy of body movements into electricity as a sustainable and self‐controlled power source. When delivering energy to light a light‐emitting diode in the implantable NO releasing device via wireless control, the encapsulated NO donor s‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) can generate NO gas to locally kill the glioma cells. The efficacy of the proof‐of‐concept system in subcutaneous 4T1 breast cancer model in mice and intracranial glioblastoma multiforme in rats is verified. This self‐powered gas‐therapy system has great potential to be an effective adjuvant treatment modality to inhibit tumor growth, relapse, and invasion via teletherapy.
Vacancy Defects in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Electrocatalysts: From Aggregated to Atomic Configuration
Authors: Wang Xin , Wu Jing , Zhang Yuwei , Sun Yu , Ma Kaikai , Xie Yong , Zheng Wenhao , Tian Zhen , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue
Published: October 2022

Vacancy defect engineering has been well leveraged to flexibly shape comprehensive physicochemical properties of diverse catalysts. In particular, growing research effort has been devoted to engineering chalcogen anionic vacancies (S/Se/Te) of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) toward the ultimate performance limit of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In spite of remarkable progress achieved in the past decade, systematic and in‐depth insights into the state‐of‐the‐art vacancy engineering for 2D‐TMDs‐based electrocatalysis are still lacking. Herein, this review delivers a full picture of vacancy engineering evolving from aggregated to atomic configurations covering their development background, controllable manufacturing, thorough characterization, and representative HER application. Of particular interest, the deep‐seated correlations between specific vacancy regulation routes and resulting catalytic performance improvement are logically clarified in terms of atomic rearrangement, charge redistribution, energy band variation, intermediate adsorption–desorption optimization, and charge/mass transfer facilitation. Beyond that, a broader vision is cast into the cutting‐edge research fields of vacancy‐engineering‐based single‐atom catalysis and dynamic structure–performance correlations across catalyst service lifetime. Together with critical discussion on residual challenges and future prospects, this review sheds new light on the rational design of advanced defect catalysts and navigates their broader application in high‐efficiency energy conversion and storage fields.
Azaquinoid‐Based High Spin Open‐Shell Conjugated Polymer for n‐Type Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Kim Yunseul , Yang Dongseong , Kim Yeon‐Ju , Jung Eunhwan , Park Jong‐Jin , Choi Yeonsu , Kim Younghyo , Mathur Sanjay , Kim Dong‐Yu
Published: October 2022

An open‐shell quinoidal conjugated polymer exhibiting n‐type semiconducting behavior is successfully synthesized and characterized. An electron‐deficient azaaromatic unit is proven to reduce the energy levels of frontier orbitals via the electronegative nitrogen atom and steric hindrance within the polymer backbone. A synthesized azaquinoidal bithiophene (azaQuBT) is a quinoidal bithiophene that is end‐functionalized with a pyridine ring. The open‐shell quinodial conjugated polymer, poly(azaquinoidal bithiophene‐thiophene), PazaQuBT‐T, is synthesized using azaQuBT and thiophene. The extended quinoidal building block, which has an open‐shell diradical character, induces low bandgaps, redox amphoterism, and high‐spin‐induced paramagnetic behavior of the resulting polymer. PazaQuBT‐T achieves ambipolar charge‐transport behavior in organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) devices. Through a PEIE treatment onto the contact electrode, PazaQuBT‐based OFETs exhibit unipolar n‐channel operation with electron mobility up to 0.98 cm2 V−1 s−1. This work demonstrates the development of novel open‐shell conjugated polymers with high‐spin characteristics and n‐type semiconducting property.
Charge Transfer Control of Emergent Magnetism at SrMnO3/LaMnO3 Interfaces
Authors: Bange Jan Philipp , Roddatis Vladimir , Schüler Leonard , Lyzwa Fryderyk , Keunecke Marius , Lopatin Sergei , Bruchmann‐Bamberg Vitaly , Moshnyaga Vasily
Published: October 2022

Emergent phases at the interfaces in strongly correlated oxide heterostructures display novel properties not akin to those of constituting materials. The interfacial ferromagnetism in (LaMnO3)m/(SrMnO3)n (LMO)m/(SMO)n superlattices (SLs) with antiferromagnetic bulk LMO and SMO layers is believed to be a result of the interfacial charge transfer (CT). By using in situ optical ellipsometry, it is demonstrated directly that CT and emergent magnetism in (LMO)m/(SMO)n SLs are controlled by the LMO/SMO thickness ratio, chosen as m/n = 1 and 2. The enhanced CT in SLs with m/n = 2 favors the high‐TC emergent ferromagnetism with TC = 350–360 K, whereas the reduced CT in m/n = 1 SLs suppresses it yielding TC = 300 K. A complex dependence of the saturation magnetization as a function of interface density Λ = (m + n)−1 with minima at Λ = 0.11 (m/n = 2) and Λ = 0.25 (m/n = 1) was observed and rationalized by the competition of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic contributions, originating from the volume of LMO and SMO layers as well as from the LMO/SMO interfaces. The role of epitaxy stress and MnO6 octahedral tilts in the emergent magnetic behavior is discussed.
Low‐Temperature Bending Fatigue of MXene/PDMS Flexible Pressure Sensor
Authors: Song Jian‐Yao , Yu Pei‐Lun , Li Jian‐Chang
Published: October 2022

The flexible and wearable Ti3C2 (MXene)‐based sensors are attracting wide attention in various applications owing to high sensitivity and flexibility. However, as a key characteristic, the bending endurance of such sensors under low temperature is yet to be explored. Herein, the flexible MXene/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pressure sensor is fabricated by dip coating, which exhibits good mechanical stability over 10 000 bending cycles above 10 °C. When the temperature decreases to −40 °C, a terrible deterioration of bending endurance is observed. The finite element analysis results and theoretical calculation suggest that the accelerated rupture of van der Waals (VDW) interactions between MXene nanosheets and that at the MXene/PDMS interface is responsible for such observation. At temperature above 10 °C, owing to the absorption of strain energy by PDMS, the rupture rate of VDW forces is relatively low. However, the decrease of temperature leads to the reduce of the strain energy stored in PDMS and thus accelerates the rupture of VDW interactions, which significantly deteriorates the bending endurance for the sensor.
Twist Angle Effects on the Absorbance, Carrier Lifetime, and Diffusion Properties in Low Dimension Type‐II MoS2/WS2 Heterobilayers
Authors: Tebyetekerwa Mike , Truong Thien N. , Yan Wei , Tang Cheng , Wibowo Ary Anggara , Bullock James , Du Aijun , Yan Cheng , Macdonald Daniel , Nguyen Hieu T.
Published: October 2022

Atomically thin two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising materials for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Their self‐terminated nature and strong absorption characteristics introduce an unprecedented possibility for high voltages to bandgap ratios, with secondary benefits including the potential for high internal quantum efficiencies/low recombination and strong absorption coefficients coupled with stability in a range of environments. However, despite the promise of such material systems, their PV performances still lag behind the conventional 3D materials. In principle, one possible way to manipulate the behavior of a 2D heterobilayer structure is to change its interlayer twist angle. In this study, the effects of twist angle between vertically stacked type‐II MoS2/WS2 heterobilayers on fundamental optical properties such as light absorbance, excess carrier lifetime, and diffusion are reported. These properties can have a direct effect on the final PV performance of these heterobilayers. It is found that the interlayer twist in MoS2/WS2 heterobilayers does not affect their absorbance. However, the carrier lifetime and photon emission across the heterobilayers are modulated with the interlayer twist. These findings could be useful to facilitate the optimization of monolayer TMD‐based optoelectronic devices.
Li/Ag Co‐Doping Synergistically Boosts the Efficiency of Kesterite Solar Cells Through Effective SnZn Defect Passivation
Authors: Liu Yao , Hu Chenyang , Qi Yafang , Zhou Wenhui , Kou Dongxing , Zhou Zhengji , Han Litao , Meng Yuena , Yuan Shengjie , Wu Sixin
Published: October 2022

Despite the tremendous progress in the efficiency of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) photovoltaic devices, open‐circuit voltage (Voc) deficit, mainly related to the SnZn‐related defects in the absorber, still remains one of the key issues that hinders the cell performance. To overcome this hurdle, here a facile synergistic post‐deposition treatment (PDT) strategy in CZTSSe family via AgF‐PDT after LiF‐PDT in the photovoltaic absorber to suppress SnZn defects, and thus, to promote the Voc and power conversion efficiency (PCE), is reported. Furthermore, a mechanism for improving device efficiency of CZTSSe cell is also proposed. The in‐depth investigation results demonstrate that Li/Ag co‐doping reduces the band tailing characteristic, enlarges the depletion region width, and enhances the carrier transport and collection, resulting in a lower bulk and interface recombination. More importantly, Li/Ag co‐doping strategy provides an effective method for SnZn defect passivation, thereby prolonging minority carrier lifetime in the ensuing devices and leading to enhancement in device performance. Correspondingly, the resulting Li/Ag co‐doped device delivers a champion efficiency of 12.58% with an impressive Voc of 507 mV. This work explores an effective strategy to kill the SnZn‐related defects, thereby overcoming the problems associated with the Voc deficit and lower cell efficiency in Kesterite‐based photovoltaic devices.
Opportunities and Challenges of Black Phosphorus for Electrocatalysis and Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Mei Jun , Liao Ting , Sun Ziqi
Published: October 2022

As an emerging 2D layered material, black phosphorus (BP) has received intensive attention in recent years, particularly in electrocatalysis and rechargeable batteries. With further structural modifications, BP‐based heterostructured composites have exhibited attractive physical and chemical properties regarding to enhanced conductivity, ion transport, and catalysis activity, endowing them as potential candidates for electrochemical ions storage and electro/chemical catalysis. In this perspective, a brief summary is first given on the recent progress of BP and BP‐derived materials in electrocatalysis, such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and in rechargeable batteries, such as lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), followed by a critical review on the current opportunities and challenges. It is expected that this class of emerging materials will bring about new potential solutions to address the current energy crisis and inspire researchers to develop more novel materials toward future multifunctional applications.
Interface Trap‐Free, 100% Yield, Wafer‐Scale, Non‐Volatile Optically‐Guided Memory Array from Cumulatively‐Stacked Small Molecules/Fluoropolymer/Copper‐Oxide Nanoparticles Heterostructure
Authors: Kim Seongjae , Seo Juhyung , Park Taehyun , Yoo Hocheon
Published: October 2022

Optically‐guided memory devices, with its photo‐response, allow for photodetector and memory functions to be combined in a single device. As a result, the issue of unnecessary signal delay can be alleviated by reducing the metal wire between the photodetector and the memory device, and the function of two different devices can be performed simultaneously, which enables an image recognition system to be miniaturized. With such advantages, optically‐guided memory is therefore considered to be highly promising as a potential key component for next‐generation applications where image detection and processing capabilities are paramount. Here, a wafer‐scale 12 × 12 dinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (DNTT)‐based optically‐guided memory transistors (OMT) array with a cumulatively stacked small‐molecules/fluoropolymer/copper‐oxide nanoparticles structure is demonstrated. The proposed OMT is formed in 4 different states depending on the light intensity. Furthermore, read current (IRead) and threshold voltage (Vth) in the programming state (P‐state) of OMT is maintained stably even after 20 days. Based on the optimized DNTT thickness, a wafer‐scale 12 × 12 OMT array is fabricated consisting of 144 devices for text image detection with 100% yield. This study also demonstrates a text image detection with non‐volatile memory characteristics depending on the presence or absence of light irradiation.