bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hábitos de Leitura de Estudantes do Curso de Fonoaudiologia
Authors: Gomes Ana Paula Seixas , Mandrá Patricia Pupin
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar o hábito de leitura de estudantes da graduação em Fonoaudiologia da FMRP-USP. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo do qual participaram voluntariamente 114 alunos matriculados no referido curso a partir do segundo semestre do ano de 2014. Os participantes responderam a um questionário escalar elaborado para esta pesquisa. Os resultados foram organizados em tabelas do Excel for Word® para o cálculo da frequência absoluta e relativa de acordo com o período de graduação (2º, 4º, 6º e 8º semestres). Observou-se que dos 114 participantes que constituíram a amostra, 56,1% cursaram o ensino fundamental (de 1ª a 4ª série) em escolas públicas e as séries seguintes (da 5ª série ao colegial) em escolas particulares (57,9% da 5ª à 8ª, e 63,16% no ensino médio). O principal meio de atualização citado foi a internet (65,6%). Uma ou duas horas foi o tempo dedicado à leitura para 37,7% dos participantes. O acesso foi considerado raro para e-books (42,9%), dissertações/teses na base da biblioteca virtual da USP (52,6%) e revistas eletrônicas (48,85%). O hábito de leitura foi avaliado como crucial para: formação pessoal, desempenho acadêmico, elaboração da escrita e desenvolvimento do raciocínio. Manter o hábito de leitura cursando a graduação em tempo integral raramente é possível para 51,7% dos entrevistados, o que se confirmou quando 47,4% destacaram a disponibilidade de tempo como uma das estratégias para melhorar o hábito de leitura. Por fim, concluiu-se que o hábito de leitura foi considerado crucial pelos estudantes, no entanto, manter esse hábito durante a graduação é o desafio devido à dificuldade, relatada pelos estudantes, em organizar o tempo disponível.
Ensino-Ação: Uma Experiência de Aprendizado por Meio da Extensão Universitária
Authors: Silva Vivian Lara , Makishi Fausto
Published: December 2017

Este texto relata uma experiência metodológica pioneira que vem sendo desenvolvida nos últimos dez anos na disciplina de Gestão Industrial, oferecida pelo curso de Engenharia e Alimentos da Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade de São Paulo (FZEA/USP). A iniciativa inova ao incorporar a extensão universitária, via empreendedorismo social, à metodologia de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas, ou Problem-Based Learning (PBL). O trabalho universitário junto à comunidade local motiva e enseja a aplicação de conceitos abordados em sala de aula, com importantes resultados em termos de fomento ao conhecimento, habilidade e atitude dos discentes. Ao mesmo tempo, reforça valores e aproxima universidade, empresa e sociedade. Mais do que prática e experiência exitosas restritas ao curso e à instituição, os resultados sugerem ser o método de ensino-ação por meio da extensão universitária potencialmente valioso ao incremento que se faz necessário à formação superior no Brasil.
A Literatura na Intervenção Psicopedagógica
Authors: Pessoa Patrícia Dos Santos , Andrade Márcia Siqueira de , Barone Leda Maria Codeço
Published: December 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar atendimento psicopedagógico de criança com dificuldades de aprendizagem de leitura e escrita ressaltando a utilização da literatura infantil como possibilidade terapêutica. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que utiliza o método clínico-qualitativo. Descreve-se o atendimento psicopedagógico clínico que teve como instrumento principal a leitura de textos de literatura infantil, a partir da qual se abriram espaços para diferentes formas de atuação terapêutica: diálogos, desenhos, narrativas, entre outras. Os resultados demonstram que a literatura possibilitou situações para o implemento de práticas significativas da escrita e de ressignificação de histórias de sofrimento com essa modalidade de linguagem.
Aproximação de João Cabral
Authors: Chauvin Jean Pierre
Published: December 2017

Neste artigo, discutem-se modos de analisar e interpretar a poesia de João Cabral de Melo Neto (1920-1999). As reflexões respaldam-se na fortuna crítica e envolvem experiências na preparação dos conteúdos formais e sua discussão em sala de aula. Trata-se de versos a veicular poderosas metáforas, escoradas em sintaxe econômica, e cuja sonoridade é reforçada por aliterações. Elementos recorrentes em sua obra – a exemplo do rio, da pedra e da luz – demandam leitura atenta e cerebrina, o que não impede ao leitor experimentar agradáveis sensações, simultaneamente ao que a poesia diz, sugere e ensina.
O projeto político-pedagógico como parâmetro na avaliação dos cursos de graduação: a experiência do conhecer, avaliar, melhorar
Authors: Figueira Neto Arlindo Ornelas
Published: December 2017

Ao mesmo tempo que se reconhece a importância da avaliação discente dos cursos de Graduação, percebe-se a dificuldade em medir a eficácia de uma formação, pelas opiniões de quem ainda não tem uma visão completa de suas necessidades formativas. Essa dissonância foi o ponto de partida do projeto Conhecer, Avaliar, Melhorar, que focou a avaliação discente com base na divulgação e discussão do PPP da Habilitação em Publicidade e Propaganda da ECA. Numa primeira instância avaliou-se o próprio PPP e sua adequação às demandas contemporâneas e, num segundo patamar, foi avaliado o quanto o PPP estava sendo reproduzido nas salas de aula. Apesar das várias dificuldades enfrentadas, tanto por variáveis de livre escolha, como por fatores incontroláveis, foi possível concluir que a ideia é perfeitamente válida e adequada para promover a avaliação discente num nível mais objetivo e consciente.
Reduction of Arterial Stiffness After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Sidibé Aboubacar , Fortier Catherine , Desjardins Marie‐Pier , Zomahoun Hervé Tchala Vignon , Boutin Amélie , Mac‐Way Fabrice , De Serres Sacha , Agharazii Mohsen
Published: December 2017

Background

End‐stage kidney disease is associated with increased arterial stiffness. Although correction of uremia by kidney transplantation (
KT
x) could improve arterial stiffness, results from clinical studies are unclear partly due to small sample sizes.

Method and Results

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of before‐after design studies performed in adult
KT
x patients with available measures of arterial stiffness parameters (pulse wave velocity [
PWV
], central pulse pressure [PP], and augmentation index) before and at any time post‐
KT
x. Mean difference of post‐ and pre‐
KT
x values of different outcomes were estimated using a random effect model with 95% confidence interval. To deal with repetition of measurement within a study, only 1 period of measurement was considered per study by analysis. Twelve studies were included in meta‐analysis, where a significant decrease of overall
PWV
by 1.20 m/s (95%
CI
0.67‐1.73, I
2
=72%), central
PWV
by 1.20 m/s (95%
CI
0.16‐2.25, I
2
=83%), peripheral
PWV
by 1.17 m/s (95%
CI
0.17‐2.17, I
2
=79%), and brachial‐ankle
PWV
by 1.21 m/s (95%
CI
0.66‐1.75, I
2
=0%) was observed. Central
PP
(reported in 4 studies) decreased by 4.75 mm Hg (95%
CI
0.78–10.28, I
2
=50%). Augmentation index (reported in 7 studies) decreased by 10.5% (95%
CI
6.9‐14.1, I
2
=64%). A meta‐regression analysis showed that the timing of assessment post‐
KT
x was the major source of the residual variance.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis suggests a reduction of the overall arterial stiffness in patients with end‐stage kidney disease after
KT
x.
Atrial Fibrillation Promotion in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Dai Hui , Wang Xiaoyu , Yin Shuangli , Zhang Yun , Han Yu , Yang Ning , Xu Jicheng , Sun Li , Yuan Yue , Sheng Li , Gong Yongtai , Li Yue
Published: December 2017

Background

The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) is significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis (
RA
) patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of
RA
on
AF
susceptibility and atrial arrhythmogenic remodeling in a rat model of
RA
.

Methods and Results

Collagen‐induced arthritis was induced in rats by immunization with type
II
collagen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Among the rats that developed arthritis,
AF
susceptibility and atrial remodeling were examined 8 weeks after the primary immunization.
AF
inducibility and duration were substantially increased in collagen‐induced arthritis rats, and
AF
duration was significantly and positively correlated with the serum
IL
‐6 and
TNF
‐α levels. Rats with collagen‐induced arthritis showed prolonged atrial conduction time with no changes in the atrial effective refractory period. Atrial conduction delay was accompanied by significantly increased atrial fibrosis. In addition, atrial structural and autonomic remodeling, including left atrial dilation, apoptosis and autophagy of atrial myocytes, and atrial heterogeneous sympathetic hyperinnervation, was observed. Interestingly, we found that collagen‐induced arthritis had no significant effects on connexins, Nav1.5, and the main ion channels' protein expressions in atria.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that
RA
increased
AF
susceptibility by inducing
AF
‐promoting atrial remodeling. This study may provide insights into mechanisms underlying
RA
‐induced
AF
and validate a model that is suitable for further mechanistic and therapeutic exploration.
Familial Consent
Authors: Hu Lina
Published: December 2017

This paper elaborates a new source of Chinese workplace consent based on participant observation of the Baigou bag industry. Different from other types of Chinese workplace consent that are based on state, gender or citizenship, Baigou’s worker consent comes from a particular factory regime—Familial Household Production—rooted in Chinese rural households. The principle of familialism manifests itself in the labour market, work organisation and reproduction of labour, and it maintains worker loyalty, which is deeper than normal worker consent. Three sub-types of the familial household production regime were distinguished: patriarchal factory regime, paternalistic factory regime and patrimonial factory regime.
Growth and nutritional status, and their association with lung function: a study from the international Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Cohort
Authors: Goutaki Myrofora , Halbeisen Florian S. , Spycher Ben D. , Maurer Elisabeth , Belle Fabiën , Amirav Israel , Behan Laura , Boon Mieke , Carr Siobhan , Casaulta Carmen , Clement Annick , Crowley Suzanne , Dell Sharon , Ferkol Thomas , Haarman Eric G. , Karadag Bulent , Knowles Michael , Koerner-Rettberg Cordula , Leigh Margaret W. , Loebinger Michael R. , Mazurek Henryk , Morgan Lucy , Nielsen Kim G. , Phillipsen Maria , Sagel Scott D. , Santamaria Francesca , Schwerk Nicolaus , Yiallouros Panayiotis , Lucas Jane S. , Kuehni Claudia E.
Published: December 2017

Chronic respiratory disease can affect growth and nutrition, which can influence lung function. We investigated height, body mass index (BMI), and lung function in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD).

In this study, based on the international PCD (iPCD) Cohort, we calculated z-scores for height and BMI using World Health Organization (WHO) and national growth references, and assessed associations with age, sex, country, diagnostic certainty, age at diagnosis, organ laterality and lung function in multilevel regression models that accounted for repeated measurements.

We analysed 6402 measurements from 1609 iPCD Cohort patients. Height was reduced compared to WHO (z-score −0.12, 95% CI −0.17 to −0.06) and national references (z-score −0.27, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.21) in male and female patients in all age groups, with variation between countries. Height and BMI were higher in patients diagnosed earlier in life (p=0.026 and p<0.001, respectively) and closely associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity z-scores (p<0.001).

Our study indicates that both growth and nutrition are affected adversely in PCD patients from early life and are both strongly associated with lung function. If supported by longitudinal studies, these findings suggest that early diagnosis with multidisciplinary management and nutritional advice could improve growth and delay disease progression and lung function impairment in PCD.
A multicenter prospective study on the diagnostic performance of a new liquid rapid urease test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Dolak Werner , Bilgilier Ceren , Stadlmann Alexander , Leiner Judith , Püspök Andreas , Plieschnegger Wolfgang , Siebert Franz , Wewalka Friedrich , Schöfl Rainer , Huber-Schönauer Ursula , Datz Christian , Biowski-Frotz Susanne , Högenauer Christoph , Schrutka-Kölbl Christiane , Makristathis Athanasios , Schöniger-Hekele Maximilian , Steininger Christoph ,   for the Austrian Helicobacter Pylori Study Group
Published: December 2017

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes a diversity of gastric diseases. Rapid urease tests (RUT) are well established for the point-of-care, invasive diagnosis of H. pylori infection. The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a new liquid RUT, the preOx-HUT, within a prospective cohort of treatment-naïve patients.

Methods

The multicenter prospective clinical trial was conducted at nine Austrian centers for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Patients referred for a diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy underwent gastric biopsy sampling for routine histological evaluation, and in parallel, the preOx-HUT. Histology served as reference standard to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the preOx-HUT.

Results

From January 2015 to January 2016, a total of 183 consecutive patients (54 males and 129 females, median age 50 years) were included. Endoscopy revealed pathological findings in 149/183 cases (81%), which were mostly gastritis (59%) and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (27%). H. pylori infection was detected by histology in 41/183 (22%) cases. In relation to histology, the preOx-HUT had a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 94%, a positive predictive value of 80% and a negative predictive value of 96%. Performance of preOx-HUT was not affected significantly by concomitant PPI-use as present in 15% of cases (P = 0.73).

Conclusions

This was the first study evaluating the preOx-HUT in a prospective, multicenter clinical setting. We found a high diagnostic accuracy for the point-of-care, invasive diagnostic test of H. pylori infection. Hence, this test may be a valuable diagnostic adjunct to the clinical presentation of patients with suspected H. pylori infection.

Trial registration number EK 1548/2014, Name of registry: Register der Ethikkommission der Medizinischen Universität Wien, URL of registry: https://ekmeduniwien.at/core/catalog/2012/, Date of registration: 24.09.2014, Date of enrolment of the first participant to the trial: 15.01.2015
Femoral bone perfusion through the nutrient foramen during growth and locomotor development of western grey kangaroos Macropus fuliginosus
Authors: Hu Qiaohui , Nelson Thomas J. , Snelling Edward P. , Seymour Roger S.
Published: December 2017

The nutrient artery passes through the nutrient foramen on the shaft of the femur and supplies more than one-half of total blood flow to the bone. Assuming that the size of the nutrient foramen correlates with the size of the nutrient artery, an index of blood flow rate (Qi) can be calculated from nutrient foramen dimensions. Interspecific Qi is proportional to locomotor activity levels in adult mammals, birds and reptiles. However, no studies have yet estimated intraspecific Qi to test for the effects of growth and locomotor development on bone blood flow requirements. This study uses micro-CT and medical CT scanning to measure femoral dimensions and foramen radius to calculate femoral Qi across in-pouch and post-pouch life stages of western grey kangaroos Macropus fuliginosus weighing 5.7 g to 70.5 kg and representing a 12,350-fold range in body mass. A biphasic scaling relationship for Qi on body mass is evident (breakpoint at ca. 1–5 kg body mass right before permanent pouch exit), with a steep exponent of 0.96±0.09 (95% CI) across the in-pouch life stage and an exponent of –0.59±0.90 across the post-pouch life stage. In-pouch joeys show Qi values 50 to 100-times higher than adult diprotodont marsupials of the same body mass, but gradually converge with them as post-pouch adults. Bone modelling during growth appears to be the main determinant for femoral bone blood flow during in-pouch development, whereas bone remodeling for micro-fracture repair due to locomotion gradually becomes the main determinant when kangaroos leave the pouch and become more active.
How does a slender tibia resist buckling? The effect of material, structural and geometric characteristics on the buckling behaviour of the hindleg tibia in the postembryonic development of the stick insectCarausius morosus
Authors: Schmitt Maximilian , Büscher Thies H. , Gorb Stanislav N. , Rajabi Hamed
Published: December 2017

During their lifespan, the long and narrow tibiae of the stick insect Carausius morosus (Sinéty, 1901) experience substantial compressive loads. The mechanical load on the tibiae increases as the weight of the insect rises. The increase in the body weight is accompanied by a notable increase in the insect's body size and, accordingly, by an increase in the length of the tibiae. These changes can both raise the risk of buckling of the tibiae. In this study, we track changes in the material and geometric properties of the hindleg tibia of C. morosus during growth. The results show that although buckling (either by Euler buckling or local buckling) is the dominant failure mode under compression, the tibia is well capable of maintaining its buckling resistance in each postembryonic developmental stage. This is found to be essentially the result of a compromise between the increasing slenderness of the tibia and its increasing material stiffness. The use of an optimal radius to thickness ratio, a soft resilin-dominated core, and chitin fibres oriented in both longitudinal and circumferential directions are presumably additional strategies preventing buckling of the tibia. This study, providing the first quantitative data on changes in the biomechanical properties of cuticle during the entire life of an insect, is expected to shed more light on the structure-property-function relationship in this complex biological composite.
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) sociability and nestmate affiliation is dependent on the social environment experienced post-eclosion
Authors: Hewlett Susie E. , Wareham Deborah M. , Barron Andrew B.
Published: December 2017

Underpinning the formation of a social group is the motivation of individuals to aggregate and interact with conspecifics, termed sociability. Here we developed an assay, inspired by vertebrate approaches to evaluate social behaviours, to simultaneously examine the development of honey bee (Apis mellifera) sociability and nestmate affiliation. Focal bees were placed in a testing chamber, which was separated from groups of nestmates and conspecific non-nestmates by single-layer mesh screens. Assessing how much time bees spent contacting the two mesh screens allowed us to quantify simultaneously how much bees sought proximity and interaction with other bees, and their preference for nestmates over non-nestmates. Both sociability and nestmate affiliation could be detected soon after emergence as an adult. Isolation early in adult life impaired honey bee sociability but there was no evidence for a critical period for the development of the trait since isolated bees exposed to their hive for 24 hours when as old as 6 days still recovered high levels of sociability. Our data show that even for advanced social insects, sociability is a developmental phenomenon and experience-dependent.
Innovations in image-guided preoperative breast lesion localization
Authors: Cheang Ellen , Ha Richard , Thornton Cynthia M , Mango Victoria L
Published: December 2017

Screening mammography increases detection of non-palpable breast lesions requiring image-guided localization prior to surgery. Accurate preoperative localization is crucial for successful surgical outcomes. Wire-guided localization is currently the most widely used localization method for non-palpable breast lesions; however, this technique has multiple disadvantages including patient discomfort, possible wire transection and migration, suboptimal surgical incision placement due to wire location and limited scheduling flexibility decreasing operating room efficiency. As a result, promising new techniques including radioactive seed localization, non-radioactive radar localization and magnetic seed localization have been developed as alternatives. In this article, we provide an overview of these techniques and discuss their advantages, drawbacks and currently available outcome data.
The impact of fresh gas flow on wash-in, wash-out time and gas consumption for sevoflurane and desflurane, comparing two anaesthesia machines, a test-lung study.
Authors: Leijonhufvud Fredrik , Jöneby Fredrik , Jakobsson Jan G.
Published: December 2017

Low-flow anaesthesia is considered beneficial for the patient and the environment, and it is cost reducing due to reduced anaesthetic gas consumption. An initial high-flow to saturate the circle system ( wash-in) is desirable from a clinical point of view. We measured the wash-in and wash-out times (time to saturate and to eliminate the anaesthetic agent, AA), for sevoflurane and desflurane, in a test-lung with fixed 3 MAC vaporizer setting at different fresh gas flow (FGF) and calculated the consumption of AA. We tried to find an optimal flow rate for speed and gas consumption, comparing two anaesthesia machines (AMs): Aisys and Flow-i. Time to reach 1 minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) (wash-in) decreased (p<0.05) at higher flow rates (1 – 2 – 4) but plateaued at 4-4.8 l/min. The consumption of AA was at its lowest around 4-4.8 l/min (optimal flow) for all but the Aisys /desflurane group. Wash-out times decreased as FGF increased, until reaching plateau at FGF of 4-6 l/min. Aisys had generally shorter wash-in times at flow rates < 4 l/min as well as lower consumption of AA. At higher flow rates there were little difference between the AMs. The “optimal FGF” for wash-out, elimination of gas from the test-lung and circle system, plateaued with no increase in speed beyond 6 l/min. A fresh gas flow of 4 l/min. seems “optimal” taking speed to reach a 1 MAC ET and gas consumption into account during wash-in with a fixed 3 MAC vaporizer setting, and increasing fresh gas flow beyond 6 l/min does not seem to confirm major benefit during wash-out.
Uncertain fuzzy Ostrowski type inequalities for the generalized (s,m)-preinvex Godunova-Levin functions of second kind
Authors: Kashuri Artion , Liko Rozana
Published: December 2017

In the present paper, the notion of the generalized (s, m)- preinvex Godunova-Levin function of second kind is introduced and some uncertain fuzzy Ostrowski type inequalities for the generalized (s, m)-preinvex Godunova-Levin functions of second kind via classical integrals and Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals are established.
Molecular-genetic differentiation of genotypes of birch on the basis of SSR-markers’ polymorphism
Authors: Федулова Татьяна , Fedulova Tat'yana , Исаков Юрий , Isakov Yuriy , Корчагин Олег , Korchagin Oleg , Исаков Игорь , Isakov Igor , Кондратьева Анна , Kondrat'eva Anna , Ржевский Станислав , Rzhevskiy Stanislav
Published: December 2017

The article discusses the use of microsatellite (SSR) markers for the estimation of genetic resources of birch. It is shown that DNA analysis using 12 microsatellites is most suitable for intraspecific differentiation of selectively valua-ble genotypes of this tree species. The genetic polymorphism in the studied birch genotypes was determined from the loci examined by SSR. Multilocus genetic passports were prepared for 31 samples of birch, which allowed (based on the presence (1) / absence (0) of 36 alleles) to identify the investigated samples.
The organization of nature in the virgin forest areas of Siberia
Authors: Вайс Андрей , Vays Andrey , Шевелев Сергей , Shevelev Sergey , Михайлов Павел , Mihaylov Pavel , Пчелинцев В. , Pchelincev V. , Сультсон Светлана , Sul'tson S. , Красиков Иван , Krasikov I.
Published: December 2017

The organization of forest management in intact forest landscapes (IFL) is currently an acute and insufficiently methodologically provided problem, which causes numerous discussions and disputes. Siberia is a wide area and heterogeneous in terms of the disturbance of the territory. The use of natural resources on such vast area has its own specifics, which must be taken into account. Intensive forest management, which covers a significant part of boreal forests, leads to a decrease in biodiversity. Evaluation of the structural, component and functional diversity of forest areas showed that not always one source gives complete information (for example, the absence of an indication of the forest type in the background surveys does not allow to determine the ecological-cenotic group (ECG) of the ground cover plants). The forest management project in the intact territory can be represented by a whole complex of elements (accounting of forest use in adjacent territories, study of background disturbances of the landscape, assessment of species and structural plant diversity, organization of «sparing forest use» in the zone of «limited forest use», identification and description of the most valuable sites by unified criteria, organization of an ecological network) that will support biodiversity and the implementation of environmental functions at the level of ecosystems (large forest landscape). The organization of nature management in IFL requires a whole range of knowledge on various issues of landscape design, ecology, geobotany, silviculture, forest inventory, geoinformation systems, etc. To do this, it is necessary to involve a wide range of stakeholders. Only such an approach will allow, on the one hand, to harmonize rational use of natural resources, on the other hand, to maximally preserve natural landscapes in their natural dynamics.
Investigation of the rate of penetration of liquid into the soil of the embankment of the earthen cloth
Authors: Макарова Ю. , Makarova Yu.
Published: December 2017

The timber road can be called one of the most significant elements of the timber industry complex, therefore, the construction of highways plays an important role not only in the effective development of the timber industry complex, but is also an indispensable element for all spheres of human activity. Considering currently available ways of transporting timber, the development of road transport becomes the most effective in the conditions of our country. Despite of this, transport infrastructure in the main forest regions is poorly developed due to the strong impact of unfavorable factors. Therefore, the paramount task for specialists is improving the quality of roads. The key problem of the majority of logging roads is the loss of strength characteristics due to the influence of unfavorable climatic conditions on them. In promising forest regions, it is expressed in strong over-moistening of soils, occurrence of floods, mudflows. The impact of floods on the surface of slopes of the earth road bed reduces its service life and leads to premature aging and deformation. Considering the rate of penetration of liquid into the soil of roadbed as a variable value, we set ourselves the goal of deriving the differential equation of fluid motion in a porous medium under the influence of external loads. When carrying out a study of the rate of penetration of liquid into the soil of the roadbed, Newton's second law was taken as the basis. Having written in more detail the values of water mass layer impregnating the surface of the earth roadbed and forces acting on the surface of the slope of the roadbed and including the force of the fluid pressure, the resistance force of the slope surface and the resistance force of the protection structure, we obtained the required equation. Using the solution of the differential equation of fluid motion in the soil of the roadbed under the influence of external loads, it is possible to determine the value of the rate of penetration of liquid into the soil of earth roadbed at different values of filtration path at any time moment.
Condition of production and operation of railway sleepers from various materials
Authors: Курьянова Татьяна , Kuryanova Tatyana , Платонов Алексей , Platonov Aleksey , Михеевская Марина , Mikheevskaya Marina , Паринов Д. , Parinov D. , Сафонов Андрей , Safonov Andrey , Мозговой Николай , Mozgovoy Nikolay , Первакова Е. , Pervakova E.
Published: December 2017

Sleepers are elements of the upper structure of the railway track. When choosing a material for the manufacture of sleepers, we are based on such basic factors as cost for the whole life cycle and performance characteristics. In connection with the depletion of wood stocks in the world and the short life of wooden sleepers, the process of using sleepers made of reinforced concrete, metal and plastic goes intensively. The service life of pine sleepers is no more than 12-15 years, reinforced concrete sleepers are about 30-50 years old, plastic ones are up to 40 years old, and metal ones are 50-60 years old. However, wooden sleepers differ in the least cost, they practically do not have restrictions on the laying areas, and in some cases have a clear advantage over other materials. Reinforced concrete, metal and plastic sleepers are more expensive than wooden ones, have a longer payback period and are recommended to be laid on roads with high freight intensity, where they can pay off as quickly as possible. It is possible to reduce the shortcomings of sleepers made of natural wood, using modified hardwood for their manufacture, which, by pressing, will be stronger than the sleepers made of natural wood, which, in its physical and mechanical properties, is not inferior to sleepers made of natural coniferous wood. However, a certain disadvantage of the modified wood is its ability to change size and shape with increasing humidity. Stabilization of sizes and forms of modified wood can be increased by impregnating it with the composition of antiseptic with stabilizer. The predicted service life of sleepers from modified wood can be significantly higher than that of wooden sleepers made of natural coniferous wood.
Modelling workflow forest fire soil - thrower with energy-saving hydraulic drive
Authors: Попиков Петр , Popikov P. , Гончаров П. , Goncharov P. , Шаров Андрей , Sharov Andrey
Published: December 2017

The article is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic soil-thrower with connection air-charged accumulator which stores energy during overload when working bodies meeting with obstacles, while avoiding the operation of safety valves and conversion hydraulic energy into heat. Mathematical model that comprehensively describes the events taking place: the rotation and movement of the rotor soil-thrower rotor interaction with the ground and obstacles, the drive ground in space. In the method of the soil and the obstacles presented a collection of a large number (about 2000 ... 10000) spherical elements of small size, enabled communicate both among themselves and with the blades soil-thrower. The simulation is performed in three-dimensional space XYZ, where in the same elements have a spherical shape with the same diameter. With in the framework of the model developed by the working surfaces are represented as a set of elementary triangles. Rotor soil-thrower model with some degree of desensitization is represented by four rectangular blades, each of which consists of two triangles. In the process of simulation reproduced rotation of the rotor and the calculation of the interaction with the elements of triangular surfaces ground and obstacles. To solve the system of differential-social and algebraic equations, which laid the basis for the model, time-operated computer program "Program for modeling the work of forest fire soil-thrower with energy saving action hydraulic drive" program time to work in Borland Delphi environment 7.0 language Object Programming PascalIzucheny soil-thrower stage of interaction with the irresistible preption. Using the powering hydraulic system improves the uniformity of rotation of the rotor, to reduce energy costs for rotorus rotation by 12%.
Food 3D-printing Technology and Its Application in the Food Industry
Authors: Kim Chong-Tai , Maeng Jin-Soo , Shin Weon-Son , Shim In-Cheol , Oh Seung-Il , Jo Young-Hee , Kim Jong-Hoon , Kim Chul-Jin
Published: December 2017

Foods are becoming more customized and consumers demand food that provides great taste and appearance and that improves health. Food three-dimensional (3D)-printing technology has a great potential to manufacture food products with customized shape, texture, color, flavor, and even nutrition. Food materials for 3D-printing do not rely on the concentration of the manufacturing processes of a product in a single step, but it is associated with the design of food with textures and potentially enhanced nutritional value. The potential uses of food 3D-printing can be forecasted through the three following levels of industry: consumer-produced foods, small-scale food production, and industrial scale food production. Consumer-produced foods would be made in the kitchen, a traditional setting using a nontraditional tool. Small-scale food production would include shops, restaurants, bakeries, and other institutions which produce food for tens to thousands of individuals. Industrial scale production would be for the mass consumer market of hundreds of thousands of consumers. For this reason, food 3D-printing could make an impact on food for personalized nutrition, on-demand food fabrication, food processing technologies, and process design in food industry in the future. This article review on food materials for 3D-printing, rheology control of food, 3D-printing system for food fabrication, 3D-printing based on molecular cuisine, 3D-printing mobile platform for customized food, and future trends in the food market.
Rhoticity in Chinese English: An experimental investigation on the realization of the variant (r) in an Expanding Circle variety
Authors: Li Zeyu , Kabak Barış
Published: December 2017

The realization of postvocalic /r/ has been frequently examined in both diachronic and synchronic research on world Englishes, showing a multitude of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors to modulate the degree of rhoticity. Since rhoticity is one of the most important indices of variation across Englishes, it forms an instructive phonological marker to investigate the dynamics of norm formation in emerging varieties. While the Inner and Outer Circle varieties have been extensively studied, there is fairly little research on the variable realization of postvocalic /r/ in the Expanding Circle Englishes. Here, we fill this gap with a study on the degree of rhoticity by highly proficient users of an EFL variety emerging in China, college English teachers, who are pertinent norm providers for EFL learners. We provide a multivariate analysis of phonological and sociolinguistic factors conditioning the degree of rhoticity in Chinese English on the basis of speech production data from 13 participants. Results show that Chinese English is best categorized as marginally rhotic. Concerning the patterning of phonological variables, it aligns more with Inner Circle than Outer Circle Englishes, albeit with significant inter- and intra-speaker variability. We discuss the competing roles of norm orientation, substrate influence, and other relevant variables therein.
The influence of the English language on the description of cosmetic products
Authors: Tejedor Martínez Cristina
Published: December 2017

The influence of English as an international language has increased in many areas, from scientific, technological, economic and political fields to cinema, music and advertising. The use of English as a global language has exerted an enormous pressure over languages, especially on the lexical level. Since the second half of the 20th century, many works have already dealt with Anglicisms in Spanish (most cases of recent borrowings) in various fields, including fashion (Balteiro and Campos, 2012) and television cosmetics commercials (Rodríguez Medina, 2016a), but the study of descriptions provided by the brands for their cosmetic products has received less attention in Spanish. This paper provides an analysis of facial cosmetics descriptions selected from a corpus collected in 2016 from four Spanish cosmetic brands. Language creativity exploiting both the use of English borrowings and the influence of the English language in some orthographical patterns related to word-formation processes in Spanish in this genre will be discussed. The proportion of the influence of the English language on this kind of texts may be an important factor in determining its socio-psychological effect on the target public; besides, the quantitative results will be compared with those obtained in our previous studies in the fields of tourism and computing. A qualitative analysis of a selection of examples from our corpus will be offered. The present study intends to illustrate the influence of the English language on the information consumers can read about cosmetic products.
Comparison of two commercial dentifrices in the reduction of gingivitis and plaque: A pilot study
Authors: Kerbauy Warley David , Maeda Erick Shun-Iti , Sendyk Daniel Isaac , Pannuti Claudio Mendes , Boas Harina Prates Vilas , Rovai Emanuel silva
Published: December 2017

Objectives: Chlorhexidine (CHX) and triclosan are the most used chemical agents in dentistry. However, the combination of these products has never been tested. We hypothesize that the addition of CHX to a triclosan dentifrice formulation may offer additional benefits in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare a commercial dentifrice containing 0.05% chlorhexidine and 0.3% triclosan, with conventional toothpaste containing 0.3% triclosan, in the treatment of gingivitis and plaque reduction. Material and Methods: Thirty volunteers were randomly assigned to receive a dentifrice containing 0.05% CHX and 0.3% triclosan (CHX/triclosan group) or a dentifrice containing basically 0.3% triclosan (Triclosan group). Subjects received clinical evaluation such as gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) at baseline, 30 and 60 days. Results: After 60 days, both treatments led to a significant improvement in GI and PI. There was no significant difference between groups as regards change in GI and PI (p>0.05). Conclusion: The combination of 0.05% CHX with 0.3% triclosan did not offer further benefits to gingival inflammation and plaque control when compared with a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan.KeywordsChlorhexidine; CHX dentifrice; Triclosan; Plaque; Gingivitis.
Avaliação da qualidade de águas subterrâneas localizadas no litoral, serra e sertão do Estado do Ceará destinadas ao consumo humano
Authors: Braga Erika Sampaio , Freitas Caio Barroso , Mendes Luzia Suerlange Araújo dos Santos , Aquino Marisete Dantas de
Published: December 2017

O estado do Ceará, localizado na região nordeste do Brasil, encontra-se na sua totalidade incluído no chamado polígono das secas, com um regime pluviométrico caracterizado por uma irregularidade de chuvas, no tempo e no espaço, que representa a principal condicionante desfavorável ao aproveitamento de seus recursos naturais. Em virtude do regime pluviométrico sazonal, torna-se necessário a captação de águas subterrâneas, captadas de poços, para abastecimento da população. A maioria desses poços estão inseridos no contexto geológico de rochas do embasamento cristalino, em que fatores antrópicos como fossas sépticas podem comprometer a qualidade da água. Tais fatores contribuem para que a água captada não tenha uma qualidade adequada para o consumo humano. Com base nesse contexto, essa pesquisa teve como principal objetivo avaliar a qualidade dessas águas. Foram coletadas amostras de águas subterrâneas de poços localizados em três tipos de relevo diferentes: litoral, serra e sertão. Foram realizadas análises químicas dos parâmetros pH, dureza total, cloretos e nitratos e comparadas com a legislação vigente, a Portaria nº 2914 de 12 de dezembro de 2011 do Ministério da Saúde. Verificou-se que a maioria das águas era inadequada para o consumo humano.
Mariama on the move. Capital migratorio y segundas generaciones en la emigración juvenil española
Authors: Narciso Pedro Laia , Carrasco Pons Sílvia
Published: December 2017

La representación mediática de las personas jóvenes españolas protagonistas de una nueva emigración hacia Europa en los últimos años suele recurrir, por defecto, a una composición homogeneizadora que no se corresponde con la realidad de este flujo. Este artículo contribuye a hacer visible la diversidad en la composición de los jóvenes españoles que emigran al extranjero en el contexto de crisis y sus estrategias específicas, a través del trabajo de campo etnográfico desarrollado en el área de Barcelona. El análisis se centra en el estudio de caso de Mariama, descendiente de migrantes de África occidental en Europa, y su movilidad comunitaria y de emancipación, que permite identificar la construcción y el uso del capital migratorio que subyace a la emergencia de un ‘nuevo’ proyecto de movilidad, sumándose a esa parte de la juventud española que se ha visto forzada a construir su futuro en otros países de Europa.
Radiation Induced Xerostomia: Current Concepts and Future Trends
Authors: Krishnan Manu , Iyer Satish R , Chakraborti Kanti Lal , Seema Saraswathy , Sekhri Tarun
Published: December 2017

Radiation induced xerostomia is a persistent clinical presentation that affects the quality of life in head and neck cancer patients even with the best of the intensity modulated radiotherapy protocols. Comprehensive review of the anatomic, histologic, developmental and neuronal entities of salivary glands from a regenerative perspective, ensuing radiation is taken. It also evaluates the systemic and glandular radiation responses that form the early and late clinical changes. From these, the article submits probable strategies; based on the current knowledge and future challenges involved, in reversing radiation induced xerostomia. Further, it elaborates on the status of radioprotectors and mitigators including the recently reported biologic and chemical derivatives and proposes the rationale of using combination radioprotector therapy in radiation injuries. A brief of palliative regimes, alternate treatment modes and technologic advancements in radiotherapy are also explained. Salivary gland histologic components, which need to be protected in the emerging radiotherapy protocols and can be targeted in different salivary gland regeneration therapies is highlighted. The paper contributes to an improved understanding in radiation induced xerostomia and deliberates on novel mechanisms towards enhancing quality of life in head and neck cancer radiotherapy patients.
A Hypothetical Tool for Integrated Omics, Drugs and Clinical Stem Cell Data Analysis
Authors: Verma Yogesh Kumar , Gangenahalli Gurudutta
Published: December 2017

Understanding the molecular basis of stem cell (SC) function is essential to regenerate damaged tissue due to various types of injuries and pathologies. However, there are bottlenecks that prevent the use of Stem cell in the treatment of wide range of diseases. Complete information regarding the control of gene expression in Stem cell is necessary to understand the regulation of Stem cell fates such as self-renewal, differentiation, migration/ homing and apoptosis. However, in the absence of multi-functional, single window tool for the analysis of various omics and drugs data related to Stem cell, the knowledge consolidation is missing to fully harness its potential. A tool which can integrate various databases, analysis software and gives a probable solution for Stem cell mediated regeneration of tissues using available therapeutic options would likely to help in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with various pathologies. This subsumes omics based repurposing of drugs for Stem cell guided tissue regeneration, which will be a boon for clinicians to treat various debilitating diseases/ malfunctions.
Constrained Target Clustering for Military Targeting Process
Authors: Ma Jungmok
Published: December 2017

Constrained target clustering (CTC) is proposed to support the targeting decision-making in the network centric warfare environment. When area targets are detected by sensors, it is required to decide the points at which a missile or bomb is aimed to achieve operational goals. CTC can determine the optimal numbers and positions of aiming points by transforming the targeting problem into clustering-based optimisation problems. The CTC formulations include objective functions and constraints in consideration of area targets, protected objects, target-level background information, lethal radius, and required damage rate. The numerical example shows how to apply the CTC formulation given a sample data set. In order to compare the effects of different constraints, the demonstration explores from an unconstraint problem to constrained problems by adding constraints. The results show that CTC can effectively decide the aiming points with consideration of both targets and capabilities of friendly weapons, and serve as a targeting decision support system in the network centric warfare environment.
Compact Planar One-Shot Circular Spark Gap Switch
Authors: Gupta Harish Kumar , Patel M R , Sharma Sahil , Nirmal A V , Singh Kamaljeet
Published: December 2017

The fabrication and characterisation of micro spark gap switch for single shot firing applications are given in detailed . A circular switch with triggering electrode is realised on alumina substrate and can be integratable easily with the electronics for ignition applications. Circular switch is realised on 25 mil alumina substrate within substrate diameter of 10 mm. The switch measurement shows having repeatable performance of pulse peak current of around 2000 A and less than 100 ns rise time. This article details the design, development including fabrication aspects of spark switch with trigger capabilities along with characterisation of switch on alumina substrates. 
Efecto bioestimulante de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai en posturas de Leucaena, Cedro y Samán
Authors: Castellanos González Leonides , Santana Díaz Tarsicio
Published: December 2017

El presente artículo evaluó el efecto bioestimulante de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai en la producción de postura de Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit., Cedrela odorata L. y Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr. Se desarrollaron tres experimentos en condiciones de vivero, uno para cada especie. Se empleó un diseño completamente aleatorio con cuatro parcelas por tratamiento. En cada experimento los tratamientos fueron: Trichoderma harzianum a razón de 20 g.L-1, 40 g.L-1 y un testigo. Se evaluó el porcentaje de germinación y las variables morfométricas diámetro y altura del tallo, así como biomasa seca en raíz y parte aérea de la planta. Los tratamientos con Trichoderma no incrementaron el porcentaje de germinación en cedro, samán y leucaena. T. harzianum incrementó la altura, el número de hojas y la biomasa seca del área foliar en las plántulas de cedro, mientras que en leucaena y samán solo provocó incrementos del diámetro basal de las plántulas.