bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The radial acceleration relation in a ΛCDM universe
Authors: Paranjape Aseem , Sheth Ravi K
Published: July 2021

We study the radial acceleration relation (RAR) between the total (atot) and baryonic (abary) centripetal acceleration profiles of central galaxies in the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm. We analytically show that the RAR is intimately connected with the physics of the quasi-adiabatic relaxation of dark matter in the presence of baryons in deep potential wells. This cleanly demonstrates how the mean RAR and its scatter emerge in the low-acceleration regime ($10^{-12}{\rm \, m\, s}^{-2}\lesssim a_{\rm bary}\lesssim 10^{-10}{\rm \, m\, s}^{-2}$) from an interplay between baryonic feedback processes and the distribution of CDM in dark haloes. Our framework allows us to go further and study both higher and lower accelerations in detail, using analytical approximations and a realistic mock catalogue of ${\sim}342\, 000$ low-redshift central galaxies with Mr ≤ −19. We show that, while the RAR in the baryon-dominated high-acceleration regime ($a_{\rm bary}\gtrsim 10^{-10}{\rm \, m\, s}^{-2}$) is very sensitive to details of the relaxation physics, a simple ‘baryonification’ prescription matching the relaxation results of hydrodynamical CDM simulations is remarkably successful in reproducing the observed RAR without any tuning. And in the (currently unobserved) ultra-low-acceleration regime ($a_{\rm bary}\lesssim 10^{-12}{\rm \, m\, s}^{-2}$), the RAR is sensitive to the abundance of diffuse gas in the halo outskirts, with our default model predicting a distinctive break from a simple power-law-like relation for H i-deficient, diffuse gas-rich centrals. Our mocks also show that the RAR provides more robust, testable predictions of the ΛCDM paradigm at galactic scales, with implications for alternative gravity theories than the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation.
Galaxy morphological classification catalogue of the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 data with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Cheng Ting-Yun , Conselice Christopher J , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Aguena M , Allam S , Andrade-Oliveira F , Annis J , Bluck A F L , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Choi A , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , De Vicente J , Diehl H T , Drlica-Wagner A , Eckert K , Everett S , Evrard A E , Ferrero I , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Giannantonio T , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Krause E , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Maia M A G , March M , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Morgan R , Paz-Chinchón F , Pieres A , Plazas Malagón A A , Roodman A , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , To C
Published: July 2021

We present in this paper one of the largest galaxy morphological classification catalogues to date, including over 20 million galaxies, using the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 data based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Monochromatic i-band DES images with linear, logarithmic, and gradient scales, matched with debiased visual classifications from the Galaxy Zoo 1 (GZ1) catalogue, are used to train our CNN models. With a training set including bright galaxies (16 ≤ i < 18) at low redshift (z < 0.25), we furthermore investigate the limit of the accuracy of our predictions applied to galaxies at fainter magnitude and at higher redshifts. Our final catalogue covers magnitudes 16 ≤ i < 21, and redshifts z < 1.0, and provides predicted probabilities to two galaxy types – ellipticals and spirals (disc galaxies). Our CNN classifications reveal an accuracy of over 99 per cent for bright galaxies when comparing with the GZ1 classifications (i < 18). For fainter galaxies, the visual classification carried out by three of the co-authors shows that the CNN classifier correctly categorizes discy galaxies with rounder and blurred features, which humans often incorrectly visually classify as ellipticals. As a part of the validation, we carry out one of the largest examinations of non-parametric methods, including ∼100 ,000 galaxies with the same coverage of magnitude and redshift as the training set from our catalogue. We find that the Gini coefficient is the best single parameter discriminator between ellipticals and spirals for this data set.
High levels of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence among isolated populations of Fontigens (Truncatelloidea: Emmericiidae) in eastern USA
Authors: Liu Hsiu-Ping , Schroeder Lori , Berry Andrew , Dillon Robert T
Published: July 2021

Populations of the minute emmericiid gastropod Fontigens inhabit isolated springs, caves and groundwaters widely scattered across eastern and midwestern USA. Nine species are currently recognized, with a tenth species, Fontigens cryptica, of uncertain status. Here, we survey intrapopulation, interpopulation and interspecific sequence variation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I among six of the nine species (13 populations, 87 individuals), documenting up to 14.4% sequence divergence among conspecific populations. Interspecific divergence ranges from 8.7% to 21.9%. We also include in our analysis a single putative individual of F. cryptica, recently sampled from Kentucky, evaluating whether the population it represents may be genetically distinct. Fit within a larger phylogenetic context, the 14.4% sequence divergence demonstrated between this individual and its nearest neighbour, F. bottimeri sampled from Washington, DC, supports the specific status of F. cryptica.
Parallel and comparative non-targeted metabolomic speciation analysis of metalloids and their non-metal analogues by HPLC-ICPMS/MS in mushrooms
Authors: Lajin Bassam , Braeuer Simone , Goessler Walter
Published: July 2021

With the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS/MS), the potential for non-targeted elemental metabolomic analysis has been expanded to many non-metals of pivotal biological importance. Arsenic and selenium are trace elements that share chemical similarity with the non-metals phosphorus and sulfur, respectively, and this similarity can be exploited to gain more insight into the incompletely understood biological significance of these metalloids and the evolution of their biochemical pathways. As a proof of concept, we show the applicability of HPLC-ICPMS/MS for non-targeted and parallel speciation analysis of arsenic, selenium, phosphorus, and sulfur in mushrooms—metabolically diverse organisms. Incredibly contrasting levels of diversity were found in the metabolomic profiles of the four investigated elements among the various species along with sharp discrepancies among related elements (e.g. phosphorous vs. arsenic) in certain mushroom species. The present work shows that ICPMS/MS offers a new dimension in non-targeted metabolomic analysis and enables a unique comparative approach in investigating and tracking the biochemistry of related elements in moderately complex organisms.
Role of a cryptic tRNA gene operon in survival under translational stress
Authors: Santamaría-Gómez Javier , Rubio Miguel Ángel , López-Igual Rocío , Romero-Losada Ana B , Delgado-Chaves Fernando M , Bru-Martínez Roque , Romero-Campero Francisco J , Herrero Antonia , Ibba Michael , Ochoa de Alda Jesús A G , Luque Ignacio
Published: July 2021

As compared to eukaryotes, bacteria have a reduced tRNA gene set encoding between 30 and 220 tRNAs. Although in most bacterial phyla tRNA genes are dispersed in the genome, many species from distinct phyla also show genes forming arrays. Here, we show that two types of arrays with distinct evolutionary origins exist. This work focuses on long tRNA gene arrays (L-arrays) that encompass up to 43 genes, which disseminate by horizontal gene transfer and contribute supernumerary tRNA genes to the host. Although in the few cases previously studied these arrays were reported to be poorly transcribed, here we show that the L-array of the model cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, encoding 23 functional tRNAs, is largely induced upon impairment of the translation machinery. The cellular response to this challenge involves a global reprogramming of the transcriptome in two phases. tRNAs encoded in the array are induced in the second phase of the response, directly contributing to cell survival. Results presented here show that in some bacteria the tRNA gene set may be partitioned between a housekeeping subset, which constantly sustains translation, and an inducible subset that is generally silent but can provide functionality under particular conditions.
Multimodality imaging in subclavian steal syndrome
Authors: Shemesh Elad , Karkabi Basheer , Zissman Keren
Published: July 2021

Subclavian steal syndrome is a rare vascular cause of recurrent effort-related syncope events, affecting ~2% of the general population. Here, we report a case of a 64-year-old male who was hospitalized because of recurrent effort-related syncope events. Physical examination revealed several characteristic clinical clues for subclavian steal syndrome. Indeed, through the use of multimodality imaging, the diagnosis was established. We demonstrate that the combination of history taking, thorough physical exam and subsequent imaging studies can establish a relatively rare diagnosis of recurrent syncope.
Iatrogenic tracheal rupture after extubation in the context of acute decompensated heart failure and cardiac device implantation: a case report
Authors: Kuridze Nika , Etsadashvili Kakhaber , Minadze Eteri , Gonjilashvili Nani , Tsverava Mikheil
Published: July 2021

Iatrogenic tracheal rupture is a life-threatening airway complication. It has a very low reported incidence and is more prevalent in women and patients over 50 years of age. The most frequent clinical manifestations of tracheal injury are subcutaneous emphysema and respiratory distress. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator implantation under general anesthesia. Shortly after extubation, dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema appeared. The X-ray showed pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and pneumoperitoneum. The tracheal rupture was confirmed by bronchoscopy. After conservative treatment, the patient's well-being improved, and she was discharged from the hospital in a satisfactory condition.
Petroclival Meningiomas: A Simple System That Could Help in Selecting the Approach
Authors: Guinto Gerardo , Hernández Eli , Estrada Eric , Gallardo David , Kageyama Miguel , Aréchiga Norma , Guinto-Nishimura Gerardo Y
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Petroclival meningiomas (PCM) represent a neurosurgical challenge due to their strategic location close to the brainstem.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the applicability of a retrosigmoid approach (RSA) by analyzing the degree of displacement of the middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) elicited by PCM.

METHODS

Patients with PCM were prospectively included and divided into those whose imaging studies showed that the posterior end of the MCP was displaced by the tumor and were eligible for and underwent RSA (group A) and those who were not eligible for RSA and who underwent surgery via a posterior transpetrosal approach (group B). We compared tumor behavior, clinical characteristic of patients and surgical results.

RESULTS

Twenty patients with PCM were enrolled and allocated to group A (n = 15) or group B (n = 5). The clinical manifestations were more severe in group B; tumors in this group were larger and gross total removal was achieved in only 1 patient (20%). In comparison, in 12 cases on group A, tumors could be totally removed (80%) and all of these patients could recover their quality of life after surgery.

CONCLUSION

To our knowledge, this study is the first to consider displacement of the MCP when establishing a suitable surgical approach for PCM. Our results suggest that the RSA becomes increasingly suitable when peduncle displacement is greater. By using this method, it was also possible to identify two types of tumors: petroclivals (group A) and clivopetrosals (group B), that show some specific clinical and surgical differences.
Stereotactic Electroencephalography Implantation Through Nonautologous Cranioplasty: Proof of Concept
Authors: Mallela Arka N , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Nayar Gautam M , Luy Diego D , Barot Niravkumar , González-Martínez Jorge A
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an effective method to define the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. Typical placement requires passing and anchoring electrodes through native skull.

OBJECTIVE

To describe the successful placement of SEEG electrodes in patients without native bone. To the best of our knowledge, the use of SEEG in patients with nonautologous cranioplasties has not been described.

METHODS

We describe 3 cases in which SEEG was performed through nonautologous cranioplasty. The first is a 30-yr-old male with a titanium mesh cranioplasty following a left pterional craniotomy for aneurysm clipping. The second is a 51-yr-old female who previously underwent lesionectomy of a ganglioglioma with mesh cranioplasty and subsequent recurrence of her seizures. The third is a 31-yr-old male with a polyether ether ketone cranioplasty following decompressive hemicraniectomy for trauma.

RESULTS

SEEG was performed successfully in all three cases without intraoperative difficulties or complications and with excellent electroencephalogram recording and optimal localization of the seizure focus. The EZ was successfully localized in all three patients. There were no limitations related to drilling or inserting the guiding bolt/electrode through the nonautologous cranioplasties.

CONCLUSION

SEEG through nonautologous cranioplasties was clinically feasible, safe, and effective in our series. The presence of nonautologous bone cranioplasty should not preclude such patients from undergoing SEEG explorations.
Metachronous Skull Base Paraganglioma Surgical Management: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Ibn Essayed Walid , Al-Mefty Ossama
Published: July 2021

Paragangliomas (PGLs) are benign hypervascular tumors that can develop in head and neck at different locations, primarily in the carotid bifurcation, jugular bulb, tympanic plexus, and vagal ganglia.
1
Different gene mutations have been linked to the familial inherited forms, which can represent approximately 30% of all PGLs.
1,2
These are classified into 5 different clinical syndromes: PGL 1 to 5.
1
These patients have increased risk for synchronous and metachronous lesions requiring an extensive work-up for hormone secretion and other associated neoplasms, as well as attentive follow-up for lifelong management.
1,3
Surgical resection is the best treatment option as it can be curative when the resection is total.
2-4
Preservation of the lower cranial nerve function is central to the management of head and neck PGLs, given the gravity of bilateral injuries.
3
Irradiation therapy should be considered if the risk for bilateral lower cranial nerve injuries is high.
5
Surgically, intrabulbar resection with preservation of the medial wall of the jugular bulb protects the lower cranial nerve function.
3
Other technical finesses, including maintaining the facial nerve in its bony fallopian canal (facial bridge), avoiding carotid artery sacrifice, preservation of the ear canal, and preoperative embolization, contributed markedly to outcome improvement.
2,3
We report a case of a 34-yr-old male with PGL 3 with a left glomus jugulare tumor that recurred and a right carotid body tumor. Patient consented to surgery and photography.

 Image at 3:44 republished from Al-Mefty and Teixeira,
3
with permission from JSNPG.
Simpson Grade I Resection of Type II Clinoidal Meningioma Through Cranio-orbital Zygomatic Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Aversa Antonio , Al-Mefty Ossama
Published: July 2021

Clinoidal meningiomas have been considered as a separate entity with distinguishing clinical, radiological, and surgical considerations.
1–2
Surgical mortality and morbidity associated with anterior clinoidal meningiomas has remained high in the past, with radical resection considered unattainable.
3
However, the extent of surgical removal is clearly the most determining factor in tumor recurrence and progression. Clinoidal meningiomas have been classified into 3 types according to their origin from the dura surface of the anterior clinoid and subsequent arachnoidal rearrangement around the parasellar neurovascular structures.
1
In type II, there is an arachnoidal plane that allows the tumor dissection from the encased carotid artery and its branches and the optic nerve. In this type, the involvement of the cavernous sinus is limited to the external wall, which can also be removed. Hence, these tumors are amenable to Simpson grade I resection (tumor, dura, and bone).

Approaching through the multidirectional axis provided by the cranio-orbital zygomatic approach allows safe exposure of the tumor and vascular control.
4-5
Proximal carotid control is obtained in the petrous carotid canal, the invaded anterior clinoid is removed by and large extradurally, and the Sylvian fissure is split wide open to establish dissecting planes with the middle cerebral artery branches. The optic canal is opened, and tumor extension is removed.
6
The invaded outer wall of the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure is removed. We demonstrate this technique in a 48-yr-old patient who consented for surgery and publication of images.

All images at 2:27, center and right images at 2:46, and all images at 2:58, reused with permission from LWW, from Al-Mefty, Operative Atlas of Meningiomas.

Left image at 2:46 reprinted from Surg Neurol, Vol 60/issue 6, Arnautović KI, Al-Mefty O, Angtuaco E, A combined microsurgical skull-base and endovascular approach to giant and large paraclinoid aneurysms, pp. 504–520, Copyright 1998, with permission from Elsevier.

Image at 8:21 reprinted from Al-Mefty,1 Clinoidal meningiomas, by permission from JNSPG.
Role of layer thickness and field-effect mobility on photoresponsivity of indium selenide (InSe)-based phototransistors
Authors: Wasala Milinda , Patil Prasanna , Ghosh Sujoy , Weber Lincoln , Lei Sidong , Talapatra Saikat
Published: July 2021

Understanding and optimizing the properties of photoactive two-dimensional (2D) Van der Waals solids is crucial for developing optoelectronics applications. The main goal of this work is to present a detailed investigation of layer dependent photoconductive behavior of indium selenide (InSe)-based field-effect transistors (FETs). InSe-based FETs with five different channel thicknesses (t, 20 nm < t < 100 nm) were investigated with a continuous laser source of λ = 658 nm (1.88 eV) over a wide range of illumination power (Peff) of 22.8 nW < P < 1.29 μW. All the devices studied showed signatures of photogating; however, our investigations suggest that the photoresponsivities are strongly dependent on the thickness of the conductive channel. A correlation between the field-effect mobility (µFE) values (as a function of channel thickness, t) and photoresponsivity (R) indicates that in general R increases with increasing µFE (decreasing t) and vice versa. Maximum responsivities of ∼7.84 A/W and ∼0.59 A/W were obtained the devices with t = 20 nm and t = 100 nm, respectively. These values could substantially increase under the application of a gate voltage. The structure–property correlation-based studies presented here indicate the possibility of tuning the optical properties of InSe-based photo-FETs for a variety of applications related to photodetector and/or active layers in solar cells.
Finance as a friend, enemy and stranger in the US Economy, 1952–2019
Authors: Akan Taner , Hepsag Aycan , Bozoklu Seref , Mollaahmetoğlu Ebubekir
Published: July 2021

This article aimed to illustrate that the role of the finance sector in an economic system can be explained more systemically and systematically in the context of its interaction with macroeconomic governance, based on the case of the USA from 1952Q1 to 2019Q2. The article introduced two modes of economic governance based on negative and positive institutional complementarities, developed its hypotheses built on a structural analysis of the long-run relationship between the finance sector and macroeconomic governance within the frame of these two modes, and quantitatively tested the hypotheses using time-series cointegration analysis. The article concluded that the finance sector enhanced and impaired the US economic performance, respectively, in the periods 1952Q1–1973Q4 and 1980Q1–2007Q4, and that its long-run relationship with the US economic performance disappeared in the period 2008Q1–2019Q2.
Evaluation of Epidemiological, Demographic, Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Findings of COVID-19 in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Göktuğ Aytaç , Güngör Ali , Öz Fatma Nur , Akelma Zülfikar , Güneylioğlu Muhammed Mustafa , Yaradılmış Raziye Merve , Bodur İlknur , Öztürk Betül , Tekeli Aysun , Karacan Can Demir , Tuygun Nilden
Published: July 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Methods

Patients with a positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test between 11 March 2020 and 31 December 2020 were evaluated.

Results

During the study period, 3118 patients underwent PCR tests, and 621 of them (19.9%) were positive. Of the patients with a positive test result, 335 were male (53.9%), the median age was 11 years. There were 308 (49.6%) patients that had a history of household exposure. The mean time between the onset of the patients complaints and the diagnosis was 1.88 ± 1.16 days. The most common symptoms were: fever (n = 424), cough (n = 419) and nasal symptoms (n = 157); loss of smell (3.5%) and taste (4.3%) were other symptoms observed in only patients aged 10 years or older. The most common abnormal laboratory finding was lymphopenia (n = 29, 36.7%). Of the 621 patients, the vast majority (n = 546, 87.9%) were classified as mild COVID-19 disease. There was a significant relationship between disease severity and age and comorbidity (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Only 34 patients (5.5%) were admitted to hospital, and two patients were followed-up with a diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. The mortality rate was 0.32%.

Conclusion

COVID-19 can cause different symptoms in children. Although the disease generally causes a mild clinic presentation, it should be kept in mind that it may be more severe especially in children with comorbidities.
Visceral Toxocariasis Presenting as Systemic-Onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Dhayalini Raj , Delhikumar C G , Biswal Niranjan
Published: July 2021

An 8-year-old boy presented with intermittent fever, abdominal pain and joint pain for 1 month. On examination, he had pallor, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and arthritis. Investigations revealed anemia, leucocytosis, hypereosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinemia, with an elevation of inflammatory markers. Initially, suspected as systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and on further probing, the child had geophagy and contact with dogs in the household. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed multiple cystic lesions, and serology for Toxocara canis was positive; hence the child was diagnosed with visceral toxocariasis and managed with albendazole therapy.
The spatial-temporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus infections across the east–west coasts of Australia during 2016–17
Authors: Robertson Mark , Eden John-Sebastian , Levy Avram , Carter Ian , Tulloch Rachel L , Cutmore Elena J , Horsburgh Bethany A , Sikazwe Chisha T , Dwyer Dominic E , Smith David W , Kok Jen
Published: July 2021

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human respiratory pathogen. In temperate regions, a distinct seasonality is observed, where peaks of infections typically occur in early winter, often preceding the annual influenza season. Infections are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality and in some populations exceed that of influenza. Two subtypes, RSV-A and RSV-B, have been described, and molecular epidemiological studies have shown that both viruses mostly co-circulate. This trend also appears to be the case for Australia; however, previous genomic studies have been limited to cases from one Eastern state—New South Wales. As such, the broader spatial patterns and viral traffic networks across the continent are not known. Here, we conducted a whole-genome study of RSV comparing strains across eastern and Western Australia during the period January 2016 to June 2017. In total, 96 new RSV genomes were sequenced, compiled with previously generated data, and examined using a phylodynamic approach. This analysis revealed that both RSV-A and RSV-B strains were circulating, and each subtype was dominated by a single genotype, RSV-A ON1-like and RSV-B BA10-like viruses. Some geographical clustering was evident in strains from both states with multiple distinct sub-lineages observed and relatively low mixing across jurisdictions, suggesting that endemic transmission was likely seeded from imported, unsampled locations. Overall, the RSV phylogenies reflected a complex pattern of interactions across multiple epidemiological scales from fluid virus traffic across global and regional networks to fine-scale local transmission events.
Draft Genome Resources for Brassicaceae Pathogens Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. rapae
Authors: Asai Shuta , Ayukawa Yu , Gan Pamela , Shirasu Ken
Published: July 2021

The soilborne filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum causes devastating diseases of many cultivated plant species. F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani and f. sp. rapae are two of four formae speciales that are pathogenic to Brassicaceae plants. Here, we present high-quality genome sequences of F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani strain Tf1262 and F. oxysporum f. sp. rapae strain Tf1208 that were isolated from radish (Raphanus sativus) and turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa), respectively. These genome resources should facilitate in-depth investigation of interactions between F. oxysporum and Brassicaceae plants, and enable comparative genomics of the F. oxysporum species complex to uncover how pathogenicity evolved within F. oxysporum.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Six De Novo Assemblies from Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum
Authors: Fulton James C. , Brawner Jeremy T. , Huguet-Tapia Jose C. , Smith Katherine E. , Fernandez Randy , Dufault Nicholas S.
Published: July 2021

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), is a soilborne disease that significantly limits yield in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus) and occasionally causes the loss of an entire year's harvest. Reference-quality de novo genomic assemblies of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains were generated using a combination of next-generation and third-generation sequencing technologies. Chromosomal-level genomes were produced with representatives from three Fon races, facilitating comparative genomic analysis and the identification of chromosomal structural variation. Syntenic analysis between isolates allowed for differentiation of the core and lineage-specific portions of their genomes. This research will support future efforts to refine the scientific understanding of the molecular and genetic factors underpinning the Fon host range, develop diagnostic assays for each of the four races, and decipher the evolutionary history of race 3.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Mast cell activation syndrome: is anaphylaxis part of the phenotype? A systematic review
Authors: Sabato Vito , Michel Moïse , Blank Ulrich , Ebo Didier G. , Vitte Joana
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review

Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) and anaphylaxis are the result of a spontaneous or triggered pathological degranulation of mast cells (MCs) and might have as substrate normal or pathological MCs (increased burden, aberrant MCs or both).

Recent findings

This review summarizes the most recent evidence on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated and non IgE-mediated mechanisms underlying MC activation and degranulation and highlights the importance of standardized diagnostic criteria for MCAS. Application of these criteria implies that in most cases the clinical presentation of MCAS meets the diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis.

Integrating clinical parameters and diagnostic test recognition and underlying clonal MC disease are of utmost importance for a patient-tailored approach. Hereditary alpha-tryptasemia can be encountered in context of anaphylaxis, MCAS and primary MC disorders.
Strategies for Achieving Gender Equity and Work–Life Integration in Physician–Scientist Training
Authors: Ghosh-Choudhary Shohini , Carleton Neil , Flynn JoAnne L. , Kliment Corrine R.
Published: July 2021

Substantial gender inequities persist across academic medicine. These issues are not new: Recent evidence still points to a chilly climate for women in academic medicine, including those in physician–scientist training. The discussion for how to address gender equity and issues of work–life integration typically centers around faculty and rarely includes trainees. The authors delineate specific strategies to address gender inequity in physician–scientist training by identifying key stakeholders for implementation and proposing areas to integrate these strategies with current training timelines. Strategies discussed include multiple-role mentoring, allyship training for trainees and faculty, early implementation of professional development sessions, incorporation of childcare and family-friendly policies, and additional policies for funding bodies to prioritize gender equity practices. The goal of this article is to equip trainees and the academic community with proactive strategies to create a more equitable environment for future generations of trainees in academic medicine.
Outcomes of Patients With Parkinson Disease Undergoing Cervical Spine Surgery for Radiculopathy and Myelopathy With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Hollern Douglas A. , Shah Neil V. , Moattari Cameron R. , Lavian Joshua D. , Akil Samuel , Beyer George A. , Najjar Salem , Desai Rohan , Zuchelli Daniel M. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Passias Peter G. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie , Paulino Carl B. , Diebo Bassel G.
Published: July 2021

Study Design:

This was a retrospective cohort analysis.

Objective:

To identify the impact of Parkinson disease (PD) on 2-year postoperative outcomes following cervical spine surgery (CSS).

Summary of Background Data:

(PD) patients are prone to spine malalignment and surgical interventions, yet little is known regarding outcomes of CSS among PD patients.

Materials and Methods:

All patients from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System with cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy who underwent CSS were included; among these, those with PD were identified. PD and non-PD patients (n=64 each) were 1:1 propensity score-matched by age, sex, race, surgical approach, and Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index (DCCI). Demographics, hospital-related parameters, and adverse postoperative outcomes were compared between cohorts. Logistic regression identified predictive factors for outcomes.

Results:

Overall, patient demographics were comparable between cohorts, except that DCCI was higher in PD patients (1.28 vs. 0.67, P=0.028). PD patients had lengthier mean hospital stays than non-PD patients (6.4 vs. 4.1 d, P=0.046). PD patients also incurred comparable total hospital expenses ($69,565 vs. $57,388, P=0.248). Individual medical complication rates were comparable between cohorts; though PD patients had higher rates of postoperative altered mental status (4.7% vs. 0%, P=0.08) and acute renal failure (10.9% vs. 3.1%, P=0.084), these differences were not significant. Yet, PD patients experienced higher rates of overall medical complications (35.9% vs. 18.8%, P=0.029). PD patients had comparable rates of individual and overall surgical complications. The PD cohort underwent higher reoperation rates (15.6% vs. 7.8%, P=0.169) compared with non-PD patients, though this difference was not significant. Of note, PD was not a significant predictor of overall 2-year complications (odds ratio=1.57, P=0.268) or reoperations (odds ratio=2.03, P=0.251).

Conclusion:

Overall medical complication rates were higher in patients with PD, while individual medical complications as well as surgical complication and reoperation rates after elective CSS were similar in patients with and without PD, though PD patients required longer hospital stays. Importantly, a baseline diagnosis of PD was not significantly associated with adverse two-year medical and surgical complications. This data may improve counseling and risk-stratification for PD patients before CSS.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Radioscapholunate Arthrodesis and Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty for Rheumatoid Wrist Arthritis: A Surgical Technique
Authors: Samade Richard , Adapa Nikhil , Roebke Austin J. , Awan Hisham M.
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

We describe the treatment of rheumatoid radiocarpal joint and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) arthritis with radioscapholunate (RSL) arthrodesis and DRUJ arthroplasty in 2 patients with 2 years follow-up. The RSL arthrodesis utilizes nitinol staples and local distal radius autograft to fuse the scaphoid and lunate to the distal radius.

Materials and Methods:

One patient was treated in their nondominant extremity, and the other patient had bilateral procedures. A constrained endoprosthesis was used for the DRUJ arthroplasty portion, using the same dorsal approach to the wrist as the RSL arthrodesis.

Results:

Before his procedures, this first patient-reported a Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) score of 66, which improved to 16 at 2 years postoperatively. He also reported a Visual Analog Scale score of 6/10 at rest in both wrists preoperatively. Following his procedures, Visual Analog Scale scores improved to 3/10 in the right wrist and 0/10 in the left wrist. Active wrist range of motion was measured to be a 60-degree arc on the right and a 47-degree arc on the left. Our second patient reported an improved QuickDASH score from 97 preoperatively to 68 at 2 years postoperatively and had a 70-degree arc of left wrist range of motion. No postoperative complications or reoperations were encountered in the cases.

Discussion:

The benefit of this technique is to allow simultaneous treatment of radiocarpal joint arthritis with RSL arthrodesis, permitting wrist flexion and extension through the midcarpal joints, and DRUJ arthritis with DRUJ arthroplasty, preserving pronation and supination.
Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: short review of the literature, results of a European survey and French guidelines of the LOC network for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
Authors: Malaise Denis , Houillier Caroline , Touitou Valérie , Choquet Sylvain , Maloum Karim , Le Garff-Tavernier Magali , Davi Frédéric , Vincent-Salomon Anne , Feuvret Loïc , Hoang-Xuan Khê , Cassoux Nathalie , Soussain Carole
Published: July 2021

Purpose of review

The aim of this study was to highlight the diagnostic and management challenges of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) through a review of the literature and a European survey on real-life practices for PVRL.

Recent findings

The care of PVRL patients is heterogeneous between specialists and countries. Upfront systemic treatment based on high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy, with or without local treatment, might reduce or delay the risk of brain relapse.

Ibrutinib, lenalidomide with or without rituximab, and temozolomide are effective for patients with relapsed/refractory PVRL and should be tested as first-line treatments.

The prognosis of PVRL remains dismal. No firm conclusion regarding optimal treatment can yet be drawn. The risk of brain relapse remains high. Diagnostic procedures and assessment of therapeutic responses need to be homogenized. Collaboration between specialists involved in PVRL and multicentric prospective therapeutic studies are strongly needed. The recommendations of the French group for primary oculocerebral lymphoma (LOC network) are provided, as a basis for further European collaborative work.
Index-based dietary patterns and stomach cancer in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhu Yuhui , Jeong Somee , Wu Ming , Zhou Jin-Yi , Jin Zi-Yi , Han Ren-Qiang , Yang Jie , Zhang Xiao-Feng , Wang Xu-Shan , Liu Ai-Ming , Gu Xiao-ping , Su Ming , Hu Xu , Sun Zheng , Li Gang , Yon Jung Su , Li Liming , Mu Lina , Lu Qing-Yi , La Vecchia Carlo , Zhao Jin-Kou , Zhang Zuo-Feng
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Dietary factors are of importance in the development of stomach cancer. This study aims to examine index-based dietary patterns associated with stomach cancer in a Chinese population.

Methods

Using data from a population-based case-control study conducted in Jiangsu Province, China, we included a total of 8432 participants (1900 stomach cancer cases and 6532 controls). Dietary data collected by food frequency questionnaire was evaluated by modified Chinese Healthy Eating Index-2016 (mCHEI-2016) and the US Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to examine the association of mCHEI-2016 and HEI-2015 with stomach cancer while adjusting for potential confounders. The possible interactions between mCHEI-2016 or HEI-2015 and established risk factors were explored.

Results

Among nonproxy interviews, after adjusting for potential confounding factors, a higher score of sodium, reflecting lower intake per day, was inversely associated with stomach cancer [odds ratio (OR), 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91–0.99 for mCHEI-2016; OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99 for HEI-2015]. No clear associations with stomach cancer were identified for total scores of HEI-2015 (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.87–1.10 with a 10-point increase, P trend = 0.98) and mCHEI-2016 (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.94–1.17 with a 10-point increase, P trend = 0.22). However, the relation between stomach cancer and the mCHEI-2016 was modified by BMI, with a possible inverse association in normal-weight subjects.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight that reduced intake of dietary sodium would prevent the development of stomach cancer. The data indicate a heterogeneity between normal weight and overweight’s dietary factors in relation to stomach cancer.
Comparative Analysis of Pain, Muscle Strength, Disability, and Quality of Life in Middle-Aged and Older Adults After Web Video Lower Back Exercise
Authors: Park Kyung Hye , Song Mi Ryeong
Published: July 2021

This study analyzed the effect of lower back exercise using Web for each age group to use it as nursing intervention. We conducted a randomized experiment with 54 patients with low back pain, composed of 26 middle-aged and 28 older adult people with low back pain who visited a joint center. The participants were instructed to perform the exercise at least twice a day, four times a week. Pain, muscle strength, disability, and quality of life were measured before the exercise intervention, and data were collected again 8 weeks after. The data were analyzed using independent t tests, χ2
test, Fisher's exact tests, repeated measures analysis of variance, and paired t tests. The middle-aged and older groups showed differences in pain, muscle strength, disability, and quality of life before and after exercise. In particular, the older group showed statistically significantly larger differences in quality of life compared with the middle-aged group. The results indicated that the effects of the lower back exercises, performed using the Web-based videos, were the same for both the middle-aged and older groups, whereas quality of life showed better improvement in the latter than in the former group. For elderly patients, exercise intervention is an appropriate nursing care to improve the quality of life.
Implications of Frailty in COVID-19
Authors: Lee Curtis , Frishman William H.
Published: July 2021

As the global coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 continues to cause higher mortality and hospitalization rates among older adults, strategies such as frailty screening have been suggested for resource allocation and clinical management. Frailty is a physiologic condition characterized by a decreased reserve to stressors and is associated with disability, hospitalization, and death. Measuring frailty can be a useful tool to determine the risk and prognosis of COVID-19 patients in the acute setting, and to provide higher quality of care for vulnerable individuals in the outpatient setting. A literature review was conducted to examine current research regarding frailty and COVID-19. Frailty can inform holistic care of COVID-19 patients, and further investigation is needed to elucidate how measuring frailty should guide treatment and prevention of COVID-19.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Sreenivasan Jayakumar , Ranka Sagar , Lahan Shubham , Abu-Haniyeh Ahmed , Li Heyi , Kaul Risheek , Malik Aaqib , Aronow Wilbert S. , Frishman William H. , Lansman Steven
Published: July 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a clinical spectrum of diseases ranging from asymptomatic or mild cases to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring mechanical ventilation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used as rescue therapy in appropriate patients with COVID-19 complicated by ARDS refractory to mechanical ventilation. In this study, we review the indications, challenges, complications, and clinical outcomes of ECMO utilization in critically ill patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. Most of these patients required venovenous ECMO. Although the risk of mortality and complications is very high among patients with COVID-19 requiring ECMO, it is similar to that of non-COVID-19 patients with ARDS requiring ECMO. ECMO is a resource-intensive therapy, with an inherent risk of complications, which makes its availability limited and its use challenging in the midst of a pandemic. Well-maintained data registries, with timely reporting of outcomes and evidence-based clinical guidelines, are necessary for the careful allocation of resources and for the development of standardized utilization protocols.
Maternal Diaphragmatic Hernia Correction During Pregnancy
Authors: Barona-Wiedmann Juan Sebastián , Velásquez Mauricio , Franco Maria Josefa , Muñoz Henry , Nieto-Calvache Albaro José
Published: July 2021

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia consists of a defect in the embryonic development of the diaphragm that allows the passage of the abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity, its diagnosis during pregnancy is quite rare. We present the case of a 31-year-old woman, with 23 weeks of gestation, who consulted for epigastric pain, nausea, and repetitive emetic episodes, without improvement with the medication provided. Due to the intense abdominal pain, a computed tomography of the abdomen and thorax was performed where the 28 mm defect was found at the left diaphragmatic level with protrusion of the gastric fundus to the thoracic cavity. She was taken to surgical management by laparoscopy with abdominal and thoracic approach, with a successful result and without maternal perinatal complications. Although the integrity of the diaphragmatic suture could be feared in relation to the increase in intraabdominal pressure due to uterine growth, the evolution of our patient and previous reports show that postoperative complications are not frequent. Successful vaginal delivery has even been described in some reports. Diaphragmatic hernias diagnosed during pregnancy are quite rare. We suggest that the optimal management of them during pregnancy is immediate surgical correction in case of persistent symptoms, more studies are needed to establish firm recommendations on the management of this pathology.
ACCELERATED PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN A PATIENT WITH ACQUIRED LIPODYSTROPHY AFTER HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Haruta Masatoshi , Iwata Kensaku , Yoshida Shigeo
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To report a case of bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy and lipemia retinalis in a patient with acquired lipodystrophy.

Methods:

A retrospective case report.

Results:

A 23-year-old woman with a diagnosis of acquired lipodystrophy was referred for ophthalmic evaluation. She had been diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia at the age of 3 years and undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes; however, funduscopy revealed bilateral diabetic retinopathy and lipemia retinalis, neither of which was apparent 2 years earlier. She had a glycated hemoglobin level of 9.6% and a triglyceride level of 7,394 mg/dL with creamy appearance of serum. Fluorescein angiography showed bilateral neovascularization.

Conclusion:

Accelerated progression of diabetic retinopathy in this case seemed to be associated with the onset of lipemia retinalis. We encourage continued ophthalmologic monitoring of patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in childhood for possible accelerated course of diabetic retinopathy.
MULTIPLE-SESSION SUBTHRESHOLD MICROPULSE LASER THERAPY FOR EXUDATIVE PERIFOVEAL VASCULAR ANOMALOUS COMPLEX: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kang Yong Koo , Park Han Sang
Published: July 2021

Purpose:

To report a case of exudative perifoveal vascular anomalous complex treated with a 532-nm subthreshold micropulse laser unresponsive to intravitreal injections.

Methods:

A case report.

Results:

A 65-year-old woman presented with blurred vision in the left eye for 1 month. An isolated perifoveal aneurysm surrounded by retinal hemorrhages and hard exudates was revealed in fundus examination, and optical coherent tomography showed a round lesion with a hyperreflective wall, subretinal fluid, and an intraretinal cyst. She was diagnosed with exudative perifoveal vascular anomalous complex and received four intravitreal injections. However, her best-corrected visual acuity decreased, and an aneurysmal lesion with macular edema persisted for approximately 6 months. Three sessions of 532-nm subthreshold micropulse laser therapy around the aneurysm were applied because the intravitreal injection treatment was ineffective. Since the last session, macular edema disappeared, the involuted lesion remained substantially stable without recurrence, and her best-corrected visual acuity improved without visual field defect.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first report of a successful subthreshold micropulse laser treatment for an exudative perifoveal vascular anomalous complex lesion, and it could be a safe and effective method for the patient unresponsive to intravitreal injections.