bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The African Paradise of Cardinal Carvajal: New Light on the "Kunstmann II Map," 1502-1506
Authors: Scafi Alessandro
Published: July 2020

Le symbole du paradis que l’on voit sur la carte géographique du monde «Kunstmann II» (1502–1506) offre à l’historien un point de départ remarquable pour l’exploration des idées européennes sur un paradis terrestre en Afrique et des perceptions européennes de l’Afrique aux environs de 1500. Une analyse attentive de l’iconographie de cette carte met en lumière son contexte et ses objectifs. Les armoiries présentes sur le grand arbre du paradis appartiennent au cardinal espagnol Bernardino López de Carvajal (1456–1523), ambassadeur de l’Espagne auprès du pape. Carvajal, qui a joué un rôle important dans le cadre du traité de Tordesillas, était un partisan convaincu d’une nouvelle croisade contre l’Islam en Afrique et au Moyen Orient qui visait la reconquête de Jérusalem et l’expansion de la foi chrétienne dans le monde.
Black Africans' Religious and Cultural Assimilation to, or Appropriation of, Catholicism in Italy, 1470-1520
Authors: Lowe Kate
Published: July 2020

Dans cet article, j’examine trois exemples d’africains sub-sahariens présents dans l’Italie de la Renaissance et qui ont assimilé avec succès les fondamentaux du catholicisme. On considère qu’il était impossible pour les noirs africains en Europe de se réinventer une nouvelle identité sans être préparés à apprendre comment mener une vie de catholique pieux. Toutefois, ce niveau d’assimilation était contesté régulièrement par les Européens ‘blancs’. On en examine trois exemples: le premier concerne les préjugés courants qui empêchaient qu’un couple d’esclaves noirs donne leur enfant le nom d’un saint catholique. Un deuxième exemple consiste en l’introduction d’un donateur noir dans un retable du XVe siècle. Le troisième exemple analyse le contenu religieux du testament d’une femme d’Afrique noire.
Black Africans in Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam
Authors: Hondius Dienke
Published: July 2020

Les hommes et les femmes d’Afrique noire sont arrivés dans les villes d’Europe du Nord en tant que serviteurs, esclaves, amants et employés des marchands portugais et espagnol, ou en tant que diplomates. Le statut de ces noirs d’Afrique était une nouveauté et fluctuait, et on constate une surprenante variété de leurs expériences au Pays-Bas. En 1596, un premier groupe de plus de 100 africains — hommes, femmes et enfants — est arrivé de manière imprévue dans le port de Middlebourg. Étonnamment, les autorités locales ont proclamé leur libération, mais le capitaine qui considérait ces gens comme sa marchandise a protesté et a obtenu la permission de les convoyer vers les Indes Occidentales. Parmi les noirs présents à Amsterdam, des mariages mixtes ont eu lieu, des juifs noirs ont été enterrés dans le cimetière juif portugais à l’extérieur d’Amsterdam, et on sait que Rembrandt avait des voisins d’Afrique noire. Ces données extraites des archives locales se révèlent prometteuses pour la recherche sur la présence urbaine des noirs en Europe durant les débuts de la modernité.
“Innovative Anatomy assessment methods in COVID-19 Pandemic: statistical observations and students viewpoints”
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Pandey Suniti , Anshu Ashutosh
Published: July 2020

Background: Currently anatomy training and assessment is seriously disrupted in COVID-19 Pandemic lockdown. New challenges of anatomy curriculum and assessment method development are being attempted based upon resources, expertise and technical skills of educators. This study aims at creating a standard operation procedure (SOP) for conducting gross anatomy assessment, finding statistical relevance and discusses viewpoints of students reflected in feedback.

Materials and methods: a retrospective cross sectional study was conducted on 250 first year students at GSVM Medical College Kanpur India. Students were briefed about SOP and were given choice to opt for either of three interview modalities of assessment tool [Viz. Telephonic Interview (GROUP T), Whatsapp© video call (GROUP W) and Zoom© meetings (GROUP Z)] and submit subjective feedbacks to assessor regarding new assessment format. The marks obtained as response distribution were subjected to descriptive statistics. One way ANOVA was applied to test any difference in means at (P<0.05) followed by post-hoc pair wise test amongst groups corrected to Bonferroni adjusted alpha level of [P<0.0167] per test.

Results: Among 97.2% respondent ANOVA test result pointed that the types of interview pattern preferred had no significant impact on obtained score [F (2,240) = 2.80, p = .062], post-hoc test further confirmed that there was no significant difference between groups.

Conclusion: the assessor and students both need to evolve and adapt to paradigm changes. Student’s feedback will serve to tailor the assessment tool by refining validity, consistency, reliability and interaction dynamics of assessment designs. Alternative evidence based futuristic assessment methods exploration are call of the hour.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(0) 2020 p.S 21-S 27
A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF NOUN IN THAI AND ENGLISH
Authors: Kittichai Santhalunai , P. Vijaya
Published: July 2020

The Thai language is Thailand's national language, written in its own alphabet, which is used to speak as the Thai standard language by Thai people. The Thai language is classified as a member of the Tai language group within the Tai-Kadai language family, which originated in what is now Southern China. The English language is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in Anglo-Saxon England in the early middle Ages. It is now the third most widely used language in the world, behind Mandarin and Spanish. The aim of this article mainly concentrates on a contrastive study of the types of nouns in Thai and English. It has been observed that there are a lot of differences in the syntactic features of these two languages. It is very interesting to note that some similarities among the nouns in these two languages. In Thai language, there are no variants forms of plural forms of noun.
CAIVAM KĀTTA CĀṈṞŌR [SCHOLARS – THE PROTECTORS OF SAIVISM]
Authors: Arunachulan Anbarasan , Karunanithi Gajendran
Published: July 2020

Saivism is one of the world’s ancient religions. It is believed that the Tamils of ancient India who embraced Saivism have been worshipping Sivaperuman as their Supreme Being for a good 10,000 years. However, this religion is facing many challenges to expand due to the influences of other theological ideologies especially the Vedic Religion, Jainism and Buddhism. Three consequential Scholars namely Thirunyanasambanthar, Thirunavukkarasar and Suntharar have played a pivotal role in the efforts to revive Saivism from the brink of extinction. Thirunyanasambanthar and Thirunavukkarasar have performed miraculous wonders to prove the majestic divinity of Saivism to the world. Their fruitful efforts were proven when some of the atheistic kings and people of the Tamil kingdoms reverted to Saivisim. With an ardent belief, tenacious virtue and grace of Sivaperuman, the Scholars have successfully thwarted the propagation of other ideologies by benedictory actions. Those Scholars have also been established as exemplary role-models in the daily lives of all Saivites.
JENIS KUPU-KUPU PAPILIONIDAE DI ZONA PENERIMA TAMAN HUTAN RAYA (TAHURA) RAJO LELO BENGKULU
Authors: Helmiyetti Helmiyetti , Sari Sri Puspita
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the type of butterfly Papilionidae in the Receiver Zone of the Great Forest Park (GFP) Raja Lelo Bengkulu. The study was conducted in June- August 2017. Determination of the location of the study was conducted using purposive sampling and butterfly collection at each location using the roaming method. Butterfly collection is carried out at 08.00-10.00 WIB and continued in the afternoon at 15.00- 17.00 WIB, on sunny weather using insect nets. The butterflies obtained were taken to the Biology Laboratory of the Basic Science building, then stretched on a stretching board and dried in an oven at 40 0 C. Furthermore, the butterfly sample is identified by the butterfly identification book and grouped by Family, Genus and Species. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed 7 species of Papilionidae butterflies, 74 individuals belonging to 4 genera. The types of butterflies obtained were Graphium agamemnon, Grapihum sarpedon, Pachliopta aristolochiae, Papilio polytes, Papilio memnon, Papilio palinurus, Troides helena.
Clinical considerations of sleep related amnestic behaviours associated with zolpidem
Authors: Grzegorzewska Agata M. , Landowski Jerzy J. , Cubała Wiesław J.
Published: July 2020

Objective. Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine agonist of GABA-A receptor indicated for the short-term insomnia treatment. Over the years, there have been reports in literature on zolpidem abuse complications and neuropsychiatric side effects involving headache, dizziness, nightmares, confusion, depression, sleepiness, memory deficits as well as hallucinations, sensory distortions, delirium and sleep-related complex behaviours with anterograde amnesia. The aim of this work is to review and highlight the most serious adverse reactions to zolpidem with emphasis on sleep-related amnestic behaviours. We also focus our attention on common traits, patterns and predisposing factors. This paper refers to zolpidem side effects or complex amnestic behaviours, or sleep related amnestic behaviours presented in literature.

Literature review. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted to find relevant studies, case reports and literature reviews addressing the zolpidem use in insomniac patients.

Conclusions. Zolpidem may pose a risk for serious adverse reactions most common dose-dependent and associated with age, gender, concurrent use of medications and concomitant comorbidities. If severe adverse reactions occur, the drug should be immediately discontinued or switched to another hypnotic. This review indicates an association between psychotic reactions and complex sleep related behavioural abnormalities in patients using zolpidem alone or in combination with other psychotropic medications. Clinicians should adopt a cautious approach prescribing zolpidem and be alert to possible unusual adverse effects of the drug.
First generation antihistaminic drugs used in the treatment of insomnia – superstitions and evidence
Authors: Krzystanek Marek , Krysta Krzysztof , Pałasz Artur
Published: July 2020

Antihistamines are used for the symptomatic treatment of sleep disorders. The rationale for their use is the participation of the histaminergic system in the subcortical network modulating consciousness. This network consists of several subcortical structures that act on the cerebral cortex and thalamus, activating these structures and maintaining wakefulness. The histaminergic system, as one of the activating systems of the brain, contributes to the excitation of the thalamus and the cerebellum, while inhibition of its activity is used to induce drowsiness. There are only a few clinical studies in the medical literature that provide evidence of the hypnotic effects of I generation antihistamines. The article analyses regi­stered indications of the first generation antihistamines and studies of their effectiveness in various indications in the field of psychiatry. These drugs were analyzed by searching in PubMed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and Web of Science (www.webofknowledge.com) cli­nical studies on people in whom these drugs were studied in primary sleep disorders. The following terms were used: antihistaminergic drugs AND insomnia, diphenhydramine AND insomnia, doxylamine AND insomnia, hydroxyzine AND insomnia, diphenhydramine AND insomnia, promethazine AND insomnia. The same phrases were also entered in the browser www.google.pl. In summary, there are very few studies on the efficacy of 1st generation antihistamines in the treatment of sleep disorders. Of the first-generation antihistamines, doxy­lamine and diphenhydramine have only registered indications for the treatment of accidental insomnia, but there are no studies justifying the use of hydroxyzine in the treatment of insomnia.
Genetic modification of livestock for the production of therapeutics and designer foods
Authors: L'Huillier Phil
Published: July 2020

The first transgenic animals were produced back in the mid-80s. This involved the introduction of foreign DNA into fertilised mouse eggs producing transgenic mice for studies of the biological systems regulating growth and development. Since that time, transgenic mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, pigs, goats and cattle have been produced. The use of transgenic animals for novel biomedical applications, such as the production of biologically important molecules or therapeutics, has now progressed to near-commercialisation. With the biological revelation that a cell taken from an adult animal can be developmentally-reprogrammed and, following transfer to an enucleated egg, produce a copy of the original donor animal came a new approach to the production of transgenic animals. This procedure, commonly referred to as nuclear transfer or 'cloning' now provides a new exciting and more sophisticated approach to the production of transgenic animals. These technologies and the livestock produced will have a significant impact on agriculture, livestock production, medicine and society as a whole. The current debate in our society about genetic engineering and genetically modified foods is indicative of the need to carefully identify the issues, and fully assess the benefits relative to the risks before embarking on commercial transgenic livestock production. Keywords: biotechnology, cattle, genes, microinjection, molecular biology, nuclear transfer, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, sheep, transgenic livestock
Liveweight changes in lambs grazing six perennial ryegrass cultivars
Authors: Westwood C.T. , Norriss M.G.
Published: July 2020

Liveweight changes were measured for lambs grazing six high endophyte perennial ryegrasses, in a grazing experiment run by an independent research organisation in Canterbury, New Zealand. Ryegrass cultivars were sown under code in a binary mix with white clover in February 1997. Plots were strategically irrigated to avoid moisture stress, and stocked at approximately 27 Coopworth ewe lambs per ha in May 1997. Common pasture residual mass was maintained across cultivars by strategic addition of extra lambs, with extra grazing days recorded for each replicate. Lamb liveweight gains and botanical composition of replicates were assessed quarterly. Lamb liveweight gains differed significantly between treatments in Years 1 and 2 of this ongoing 3 year study. Lambs grazing 'Quartet' tetraploid perennial ryegrass gained, on average, 37.4 kg and 36.1 kg liveweight during Years 1 and 2 respectively, and together with 'Aries HD' (35.0 and 35.9 kg) produced significantly greater liveweight gain compared with 'Grasslands Nui' (22.0 and 23.7 kg) and 'Bronsyn' (22.5 and 24.1 kg), LSD0.05 = 6.0 and 7.4. Lambs grazing 'Embassy' gained 31.6 kg and 28.7 kg, and 'Vedette' 29.8 kg and 28.0 kg. Extra grazing days expressed as a percentage of base grazing days were between 3.8 and 6.7% across cultivars for Year 1 and between 2.0 and 6.5% across cultivars for Year 2. This study demonstrated significant differences in animal productivity between perennial ryegrass cultivars that produce comparable yields of dry matter. Differences may reflect variation in forage quality, endophyte toxins, clover content in the sward or other unidentified cultivar characteristics. Keywords: digestibility, endophyte, lamb, liveweight, perennial ryegrass, tetraploid
Successful drilling of forage species during severe drought in Central Otago - a preliminary report 1998/99
Authors: Wills B.J. , Trainor K.D.
Published: July 2020

Five plant species were established using two direct drilling techniques in a trial initiated in spring 1998 at a dryland site on Earnscleugh Station in Central Otago. The plant species were: wheatgrass (Thinopyron intermedium), tall oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), hairy dorycnium (Dorycnium hirsutum) and bluebush (Kochia prostrata). These were established with the New Zealand Agricultural Engineering Institute/AgResearch strip-seeder drill and a conventional hoe-coulter drill. Establishment and subsequent growth during the first two growing seasons are described, and evaluation of this trial will be ongoing. The 1998/99 summer developed into one of the driest and windiest seasons experienced in Otago, resulting from prevailing La Niña Southern Oscillation weather patterns. The extreme drought culminated in two significant grassland fires near Alexandra in late February. Heat and drought during summer adversely affected seedling numbers as the season advanced. However, survival of plant species established with the strip-seeder drill was significantly better than that from the hoe-coulter drill. By autumn 1999, live seedling numbers were heavily reduced in all treatments (-50% and -68% for strip-seeder and hoe-coulter drills, respectively) but recovery was satisfactory during early winter. Wheatgrass, hairy dorycnium and tall oat grass in particular persisted well during the relatively mild winter. Despite a dry spring, by October 1999 these species had achieved ground coverage of 38%, 23% and 33% respectively from the strip-seeder drill (cf. 7%, 7% and 6% from the hoe-coulter drill), thus the vegetation was providing significant and earlier protection for fragile soil resources in a harsh environment. These results are preliminary but we conclude from them that the strip-seeder technique can provide superior plant establishment on dryland sites even during adverse drought conditions. Commercial development of this technology, including simplification of the system, is recommended. Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil, bluebush, dryland drilling, hairy dorycnium, hoe-coulter, strip-seeder, tall oat grass, wheatgrass
Dags to Mastitis
Authors: Mccallum Lloyd Kathy
Published: July 2020

Keywords: conversion, dairy farming, soil fertility, pasture, productivity, profitability Area 161 effective hectares on the dairy unit plus lease of 79 hectares History In 1991 we were farming the original 120 ha sheep property. Lloyd was working almost full time as a truck driver in order for us to support two families on the property. We basically had three options available to improve our net income and equity. They were to either get bigger, to diversify or to intensify further. Over the last 10 years we have done all three of these. The first and major hurdle though, was to change our farming system to dairy production.
An assessment of the trace element status of grazing livestock in the Wendon Valley
Authors: Grace N.D. , Sinclair G.R. , Craighead M. , Watt B.
Published: July 2020

The Co (Vitamin B12), Se, Cu and I status of livestock on 12 Wendon Valley farms was determined from the trace element concentrations of pasture, blood and liver samples collected in spring and autumn and comparing them to accepted trace element reference ranges established from earlier New Zealand-wide trace element supplementation trials recording animal responses. Both marginal Co and Se deficiencies in lambs were found on two farms while another three farms were marginally Co deficient, one farm was very Co deficient and a further two farms were marginally Se deficient. Iodine deficiency was observed in new-born lambs from ewes wintered on swedes, whereas the Cu status of all sheep was adequate. No Co deficiency was found in cattle but Se deficiency was observed on four farms. A marked depletion of liver Cu stores and Cu deficiency was found in all cattle and deer during the late winter/ early spring. Growth responses to Vitamin B12 and Se supplementation in lambs, and the absence of goitre in new-born lambs to I supplementation in ewes were also observed. The established diagnostic protocols based on pasture, blood and liver samples were shown to be effective in determining the trace element status of grazing livestock in the Wendon Valley. Keywords: blood, cattle, copper, deer, iodine, liver, pasture, selenium, sheep, vitamin B12
An analysis of the risks and benefits of beef intensification
Authors: Ogle Graeme , Tither Philip
Published: July 2020

Dairy beef enterprises are an intensification option for traditional sheep and beef businesses. Intensification largely refers to lifting soil fertility, the establishment of internal fencing and associated water supply, so that forage can be allocated with increasing precision. This precision enables higher stocking rates as a result of increasing pasture production, pasture quality, and intake leading to greater production of beef. Two beef finishing systems were compared; one a traditional system and the other a Technosystem. Using average parameter analyses, intensification was shown to pay at market returns of $2.50/kg of carcass weight under the production assumptions we used. The Technosystem showed significant returns on investment lifting the return on total capital invested in the farm business from 4.9% in a traditional system to 8%. We used two software programs; RANGEPACK HerdEcon and Stockpol™ to assess the risks a farmer would face when converting to a Technosystem. The two risks assessed were the variable climate of the East Coast and market prices. While these parameters vary considerably, the probability of doing better than the traditional system is high (84.7%). This declined rapidly if final stocking rates were less than 4 bulls per hectare with the probability of doing better reducing to 58% at 3.5 bulls per hectare. We also showed that the variability in cash surpluses is reduced by development with the coeffiecient of variation for the traditional system at 126% compared with the Technosystem of 95%. Variability does have a moderate effect on reducing overall profitability (13.4%), most of which (9.3%) is caused by markets rather than climate. Our conclusion is that beef intensification provides a reliable means of increasing net worth and cash surpluses. Keywords: beef intensification, bull finishing, climatic variability, financial analysis, price variability, risk, Technosystems
Biotechnology in forage crops - capturing our potential
Authors: Bryan G.T.
Published: July 2020

Biotechnology will play an essential role in the economic future of New Zealand and in maintaining the global competitiveness of our forage-based primary production. The genomics era has added a new dimension to cultivar development, with marker-assisted selection allowing more precise genome modifications during plant breeding, and plant transformation providing more direct and novel routes to cultivar improvement. The biggest impact will be the ability of researchers to consider genetic pathways and networks rather than working on "single gene fixes". Integral to functional genomics are the rapidly developing fields of proteomics and metanomics - all these skills are needed to make a complete biotechnology package. Genetics and plant breeding have made a huge contribution toward forage crop performance in pasture-based systems, and biotechnology will provide future innovations and opportunities. Several research groups worldwide are developing comprehensive genetic maps of white clover and perennial ryegrass and are linking these to functional analysis of sequence databases to identify agronomically important genes. For this approach to capture its full value, researchers will need to fully integrate functional genomics with genetics, biochemistry, plant biology, agronomy and farm system management. Strong mapping, gene discovery, functional genomics and transformation capabilities will allow high-throughput analysis of gene function and application in new cultivars, using marker-assisted breeding or in transgenic lines. These tools provide an exciting opportunity to tackle some of the challenges faced in optimising pasture-based farming systems. Keywords: biotechnology, functional genomics, gene discovery, marker-assisted selection, perennial ryegrass, plant breeding, transgenic, white clover
Driving innovation: Application of Linear Programming to improving farm systems
Authors: Ridler B.J. , Rendel J.M. , Baker A.
Published: July 2020

This paper describes the concept of using Linear Programming (resource allocation modelling) to better understand and manage any pastoral system and to question the assumptions made of best practice given the limited knowledge available. Results from a case farm are presented to show typical outputs. Keywords: beef, dairy, modelling, resource allocation, sheep, sustainability
Damage potential of Argentine stem weevil in Lincoln dairy pasture: has biological control by Microctonus hyperodae altered the balance?
Authors: Mcneill M.R. , Knight T.L. , Baird D.B.
Published: July 2020

To measure the impact of biological control of Argentine stem weevil, Listronotus bonariensis (ASW) by Microctonus hyperodae in dairy pasture, a research site was established in the autumn of 1997 on a dairy farm near Lincoln, where the parasitoid had been present since 1994. Existing pasture was killed with glyphosate and four ryegrass cultivar treatments consisting of three perennial (Nui, Embassy, Vedette) and one hybrid mixture (Marsden/Greenstone), each containing either low or high levels of Neotyphodium lolii endophyte, were sown by direct drilling. A third main plot treatment was low endophyte plus insecticide. Between 1997 and 1999, seasonal pasture production was measured in all plots. Herbage composition was also measured in all plots for the first 2 years but only in the Nui treatments in 1999. ASW adult and larval densities, larval damage to ryegrass, parasitism by M. hyperodae and ryegrass tiller density were measured on Nui plots in spring and again in summer, coinciding with periods of peak ASW egg laying and larval development. Between 1997 and 2000, ASW adult densities in Nui were highest in the first summer (26 January 1998) following establishment. Thereafter, densities did not rise above c. 60 ASW/m2. Densities of adults, larvae, levels of larval damage to ryegrass, and parasitism by M. hyperodae were significantly higher in summer than spring (P
Farm monitoring to futures contracts: The Hannas' experience
Authors: Hanna A.B. , Hanna A.M. , Webby R.W.
Published: July 2020

Being part of a group farm monitoring project and then a farm systems study has enabled the Hannas to develop their farm business to where they can supply livestock to meat processors under futures contract arrangements. The recognition and development of farm-monitoring protocols has enabled them to identify key weight and weight gain targets. A database of weights, pasture growth and pasture cover information has enabled them to predict numbers, weights and supply times. The result of this farm monitoring has been a 35% increase in productivity over the past 5 years. Lambing % has increased from 112 to 146% survival to sale. Bull beef cattle numbers have increased by 430% as the area suitable for running them has been fenced and developed. The Hannas have classified their land into capability units and farm these units accordingly. They recognise the strong link between farming profitably and sustainably and believe that the demonstration of sustainable farming practices will be a requirement to enter into high value markets in the future. Winning of the supreme Waikato Farm Environment award in 1999 was a reflection of this philosophy. Keywords: bull beef, futures contracts, monitor farm, sustainability
Soft X-ray spectrometers based on aperiodic reflection gratings and their application
Authors: Ragozin E N , Vishnyakov E A , Kolesnikov A O , Pirozhkov A S , Shatokhin A N
Published: July 2020

This paper is concerned with the history, properties, development, application, and prospects of soft X-ray (2 – 300 Å) VLS spectrometers, i.e., spectrometers with reflection diffraction gratings whose spacing varies monotonically across the aperture according to a prescribed law (so-called Varied Line-Space (VLS) gratings). An important feature of grazing-incidence VLS spectrometers is that the spectrum is formed on a nearly flat surface perpendicular (or slightly inclined) to the diffracted beams, making them perfectly compatible with modern CCD detectors. VLS spectrometers are employed for the spectroscopy of laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, including the diagnostics of relativistic laser-produced plasmas, for measuring the linewidth of an X-ray laser, for recording the high-order harmonics of laser radiation, and for recording the emission of fast electric discharges and other laboratory X-ray sources. Instruments with VLS gratings are employed to advantage in reflectometry/metrology, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and microscopy with the use of synchrotron, free-electron laser, and laser-produced plasma radiation, as well as in SXR emission spectroscopy, combined with an electron microscope (SXES). Recent years have seen the active development of VLS spectrometers dedicated to the investigation of the electronic structure of different materials and molecules by resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation. Among recent trends is the development of VLS gratings with a multilayer reflective coating and extension of the operating spectral range towards ‘tender’ X-rays (ℏω ∼ 1.5 – 6 keV), some projects aiming to achieve a resolving power λ/δ λ ∼ 105 in the region ℏω ∼ 1 keV.
Familjebildning och försörjning – en jämförelse mellan nyblivna svenska och turkiska föräldrar i ett svenskt välfärdsperspektiv
Authors: Franséhn Mona , Jansson Birgitta , Österberg Torun , Bäck-Wiklund Margareta
Published: July 2020

Hur ser anpassningen till den svenska tvåförsörjarmodellen ut för nyblivna föräldrar med svenskt respektive turkiskt ursprung? I följande artikel visar vi hur välfärdsinstitutionernas struktur påverkar både familjebildning och föräldraskap beroende på ursprungsland.
Muslimska församlingar i lokalsamhället: Samverkan eller isolering?
Authors: Borell Klas , Gerdner Arne , Sällström Anna , Nordlander Johanna , Lundkvist Elisabeth
Published: July 2020

Muslimska församlingars riksomfattande etablering i Sverige är en viktig förändring inom den ideella sektorn. Men hur förhåller sig församlingarna till den svenska traditionen av samverkan mellan ideella och offentliga aktörer? I artikeln studeras hur och i vilken omfattning muslimska församlingar samverkar med offentliga aktörer och vilka organisationsinterna och organisationsexterna faktorer som gynnar respektive missgynnar samverkan.
Socialt medborgarskap och möjligheten till ett självständigt liv – ekonomiskt bistånd för kvinnor som har lämnat en våldsam partner
Authors: Ulmestig Rickard , Panican Alexandru
Published: July 2020

Social citizenship and the opportunity for an independent life – Social assistance for women who have left a violent partnerEconomic security is significant for a woman’s possibility to leave a violent partner. In Sweden women under these circumstances are sometimes forced to rely on social assistance. The aim is to understand the social services’ handling of these women applying for social assistance. The study starts from a citizenship perspective, where women’s descriptions are analysed. The study is based on 13 semi-structured interviews in three municipalities with women survivors of domestic violence. These survivors have been highlighted as a prioritized group on the political arena. They meet a social assistance system which is supposed to be built on citizenship rights according to the Social Services Act. From the empirical material, however, we can conclude that the survivors’ basic needs are dependent on means tests in order to assess who is a deserving client in implementing the right to social assistance based on discretionary power on the local level. The survivors describe how the case workers choose in certain cases to prioritize the municipalities’ economy over the intentions of the Social Services Act. It becomes clear that the conditions for receiving social assistance are to be given a subordinate position. The condition for being able to obtain social assistance are described by the survivors as accepting limitations of privacy, autonomy and self-determination. Summarizing, the core of the poor relief logic is that the relief can never be a right for survivors of domestic violence in Sweden.
Agenda för samverkan eller verksamhetens agenda? Om professionellas erfarenheter av samverkan enligt samordnad individuell plan
Authors: Nordström Erik , Josephson Irene , Hedberg Berith , Kjellström Sofia
Published: July 2020

Agenda for collaboration or an agency agenda? Professionals’ experiences of collaboration according to a coordinated individual planAn increasing number of children and adolescents develop complex needs that require simultaneous action by different professionals. Several reports state that efforts for these children and adolescents have become increasingly specialized and fragmented. Since 2010, there are statutory requirements for collaboration according to a coordinated individual plan (CIP) between health care and social services. Pre-school and school can after regional agreement be involved in the co-ordination as equal partner. Collaboration in line with CIP is expected to offset the fragmentation for benefit of the service users’ ability to monitor and comprehend interventions. The aim was to investigate professionals’ experiences of CIP. The study consists of qualitative analysis of 12 focus group interviews with a total of 71 staff with different professions in health care, education and social services about their experiences of CIP. The results indicate that the participants act according to their core mission: nurturing, teaching and investigation. Two main categories with four sub-categories each appeared in the analysis. The main category, hindering factors, contains the categories: different mandates and requirements, requirements for presence initiative, questioning and censure, and timelines and prioritization. The main category of facilitating factors contains the categories: similar interpretation of common agreement, mutual respect and shared learning, common terminology and documentation, and willingness to collaborate. The analysis indicate that CIP was perceived as alternating between, on the one hand, a pro-active and service-focused tool, and on the other hand, a competing and compelling professional instrument.
Nya avhandlingar: Omsorgens pris i åtstramningstid. Anhörigomsorg för äldre ur ett könsperspektiv
Authors: Kröger Teppo
Published: July 2020

Petra Ulmanen, avhandling i socialt arbete, Rapport i socialt arbete 150. Institutionen för socialt arbete, Stockholms universitet, 2015.
Nyttan med allmännyttan
Authors: Sahlin Ingrid
Published: July 2020

Salonen,Tapio (red.), Nyttan med allmännyttan, Liber, 2015.
Home: International Perspectives on Culture, Identity, and Belonging
Authors: Avendal Christel
Published: July 2020

Kusenbach, Margarethe & Paulsen, Krista E. (red), Home: International Perspectives on Culture, Identity, and Belonging, Peter Lang Academic, 2013.
Humanitära överväganden i asylprocessen Balansövningar i spänningsfältet mellan solidaritet och ojämlikhet
Authors: Lundberg Anna
Published: July 2020

Humanitarian considerations in the Swedish asylum process. A study of the migration authorities’ balancing act between solidarity and inequality Medical certi cates are becoming increasingly important as a basis for asylum assessments. Using examples from 24 asylum decisions concerning children and their families, the present article discusses how the Swedish Migration Agency and the Migration Courts in Sweden make use of medical certi cates. e common denominator for the decisions was that the children had been waiting for long periods in Sweden for their case to be assessed, and that they were not considered in need of political protection but instead the question was whether they should be granted a residence permit because of distressing circumstances. e study’s practical knowledge about humanitarian considerations is analysed through the notions of bio-legitimation and bio- inequalities (Fassin 2009), which provide for an understanding of how meaning and value are att- ributed to children’s lives and health conditions in the Swedish asylum process. Previous studies of the management of migration, focusing on bio-political dimensions, have discussed the form of the exercise of power, and scholars interested in governmentality have highlighted the state admi- nistration as the unit of analysis. is study aims to provide an additional qualitative perspective in the eld of humanitarianism in the welfare state. Furthermore, the article seeks to introduce the above concepts of bio-legitimation and bio-inequalities in a Swedish context. e analysis of asylum cases shows that humanitarian considerations were entirely focused on formalities and that the child’s actual well-being was subordinate when their humanitarian reasons were investi- gated by the migration authorities and courts. is brought with it both a de-politicization and the fact that no substantial assessment of individual children’s health conditions came about. e growing political interest in children’s health in the asylum process paradoxically means greater limitation in how to appear as persons before the law.
Att minnas migrationen Intersektionella perspektiv på Nordiska museets insamlingar och urval av invandrares berättelser
Authors: Johansson Jesper , Tureby Malin Thor
Published: July 2020

Remembering the migration. Intersectional perspectives on the Nordic Museum’s collections and selections of immigrant narratives e Swedish self-image has been transformed in recent decades from the self-image of a homogeneous country with immigrants to a self-perception of a multicultural society. In this article we investigate how memory institutions contribute to constructing and dissolving the boundaries of the Swedish community by including or excluding immigrants in the constructions of a national self-perception. e ongoing collection ”Remembering the Migration” at the Nordic Museum constitutes the empi- rical case study. e current collection and previous collections of different immigrant narratives at the museum are examples of documentation of subjective experiences and interpretations of the mul- ticultural society in Sweden against a background of increased migration in the postwar period. Our analysis concludes that the collection, ”Remembering the Migration” has an including per- spective. ere is an outspoken objective to incorporate the immigrants’ stories about migration in the common historiography and the national cultural heritage in multicultural Sweden. However, our study also shows that the questionnaire used in the collection lacks questions about experiences of discrimination or racism and thereby contributes to recreating a tacit narrative about Sweden as an inclusive and non-racist country or nation. is self-perception is also generated at the website of the Museum, where a selection of 17 collected narratives are published. In general none of these stories tell about experiences of racism or discrimination. On the contrary, most narrators in these narratives position themselves as well-included in Swedish society, mostly through their personal efforts of hard work and/or ambitious studies. However, our study indicates that this including, multicultural and non-racist self-perception is questioned and negotiated by some people who submitted their life stories and rather reveals that Sweden is characterized by, and has previously been characterized by, both inclusion and exclusion in relation to migrants. Furthermore our ana- lysis of the published excerpts from the life stories reveals that exclusion could also be experienced from gender and class positions as well as in some cases also on the basis of ethnicity.
Professioner, makt och samverkan mellan myndigheter
Authors: Ek Hans , Isaksson Joakim , Eriksson Rikard
Published: July 2020

Professions, power and collaboration between authorities: Social Services, schools, and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Services working with adolescents who do not go to school School non-attendance is often a sign of a complex combination of dierent kinds of problems, which means that these children and young people are often in need of composite help from several dierent types of professions within various authorities. e purpose of the study was to examine how school authorities, the Social Services and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (BUP) collaborate in their work with young people who do not go to school. e study comprised a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with managerial representatives of the respective autho- rities. e empirical material consisted of 12 qualitative interviews with heads of units at BUP (5 individuals), section managers from Social Services (3 individuals) and principals from compul- sory schools (4 individuals) in three municipalities in western Sweden. According to the results, it seems problematic to manage the positions of power that may arise in collaboration between the parties. A position of power thus implies the right to make a decision as a profession as well as acti- vities that are related to each other. e right to make a decision means the mandate to determine which measures should be put in place for the young people and their families. is study also shows that the parties should develop a common knowledge base that is a combination of educa- tional, social and psychological perspectives. e common knowledge base can reduce the risk of power imbalance between the parties.
Hur legitimeras socialpolitiska besparingar?
Authors: Altermark Niklas
Published: July 2020

How are cutbacks in social policy legitimized? The construction of personal assistance as a ”cost problem”This article seeks to explain how current austerity measures targeting personal assistance for people with disabilities are legitimized. Following the work of Bacchi and Ingram and Schneider, I argue that the construction of personal assistance as a ”cost problem” is absolutely central, where assistance-users are depicted as ”over-users” and potential fraudsters, while personal assistance companies are described as solely motivated by maximizing profits. However, upon closer scrutiny, the actual cutbacks that the government has implemented do not match how the ”cost problem is constructed”; the policies aimed to reduce costs are not particularly e cient to reduce benefit frauds or hamper profits. This suggests that the ”cost problem” is not the rational ground for policy, but an ad hoc construction that serves the purpose of justifying general cutbacks striking at all personal assistance users.
Brukarinflytandets politiska innebörder – konsensusorientering, individcentrering och avpolitisering i den nationella policydiskursen
Authors: Eriksson Erik
Published: July 2020

The political meaning of user involvement – Consensus, individualization, and de-politicization in the national policy discourseDuring the last 25 years ”user involvement” has emerged as a prominent concept within the welfare sector, and the aim of the article is to review the Swedish national policy on ”user involvement”. Through a policy discourse analysis inspired by Carol Bacchi, the constitutive effects of the policy are revealed. Three distinctive features of the policy discourse are (1) its open and imprecise formulation, (2) its dominating consensus perspective, and (3) the tendency to focus the argumentation on the service users as individuals, rather than the service users as a collective. The policy has several discursive consequences, such as constructing the service users as subjects responsible for their own well-being; that potential value conflicts are avoided; and that the service users’ ambitions to influence are directed towards welfare organizations rather than political decision-making.
Varifrån kommer välfärdsstaten? Om ett modernt nyckelbegrepps långa historia
Authors: Edling Nils
Published: July 2020

Where does the welfare state come from? On the long history of a modern key conceptThisarticle charts the history of the term the welfare state in Germany and the United States, the two countries where it was formed. It starts from the premise that political key concepts, such as the welfare state, have multiple meanings and are open to contestation. This means that the objective is to study the different and changing usages and meanings of the term from the 1860s to the 1940s.In the oldest of the four usages, der Wohlfahrtsstaat referred to pre-1789 authoritarian regimes where the welfare of the people constituted the objective and rationale of the state. Gradually during the latter half of the nineteenth century, an alternative understanding emerged in Germany where the culture and welfare state connoted a responsible state, which regulated the modernizing economy. In the early twentieth century, many texts mentioned this new Kultur- und Wohlfahrtsstaat as a fitting label for contemporary Germany. At the same time, this new regulating welfare state became a topic in the United States as well.In the Weimar Republic 1919–33, the idea of the social welfare state was highly contested from the start. This understanding centred on social policy, on the state as the driving force in social reform. Fourthly, the democratic welfare state, a state that catered for the common good and respected civil liberties, was contrasted to authoritarian power states. These four usages should not be seen as separate stages in an orderly historical sequence of conceptual development, but as co-existing layers of meaning that could be mixed in multiple and changing ways. Depending on ideological and political point of view, the modern welfare state, which emerged after 1945, could incorporate one or several of the historical layers (the authoritarian-paternalistic, the regulating, the social and the democratic welfare state). This new idea of the welfare state was a product of the Depression and the War with expanding state activity and ideological mobilization. The United States’ acquired position as global military and moral superpower constituted one prerequisite. The welfare state was in this sense part of the democratic restart after 1945. Two considerations were important for this conception: the state’s responsibility for promoting economic growth and combating unemployment and the emergence of human rights that include social security.
Debatt: Låt kunskap blomma – om behovet av en yrkesmaster för socionomer
Authors: Gegner Harald , Forsberg Pia
Published: July 2020

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