bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Études de l’imaginaire : l’initiation en tant que méthode
Authors: Martins Portanova Barros Ana Taís , Contrera Malena
Published: August 2019

Cet essai tente de réfléchir sur les difficultés de méthode imposées au chercheur qui souhaite entreprendre une recherche sur l’imaginaire. On part du postulat que, dans le sillage de Gilbert Durand, les études qui supposent la préséance de l’imaginaire sur d’autres productions humaines, par rapport à la cohérence heuristique, embrassent aussi la définition d’un symbole comme sens vécu, c’est-à-dire le résultat d’une condition d’événement accomplie. Ne constituant pas une propriété empirique stable, le symbolique ne se laisse pas appréhender par les méthodologies centrées sur le travail rationnel sur les données. Il est conclu par la nécessaire soumission initiatique du chercheur au symbolisme comme exigence d’entreprendre des recherches sur l’imaginaire, partant d’une conception de la science qui rompt avec la pensée disjonctive cartésienne et propose un regard plus complexe sur les phénomènes de l’imaginaire.
Le corps capacitaire des adolescent(e)s : une émersion du vivant dans leur perception du step
Authors: Paintendre Aline , Andrieu Bernard
Published: August 2019

Une nouvelle perception de soi chez l’adolescent(e) pratiquant le step, conquête d’une délimitation du corps capacitaire s’incarnant dans la pratique physique, se questionne à partir des possibilités d’interprétation de leurs sensations et du poids du monde extérieur, des tendances physiques et sensibles vers lesquelles l’organisme semble attiré. Cette interprétation expériencée de l’adolescent par lui-même agissant ne saurait être objective puisque cet interstice entre le corps vivant et le corps vécu ne saurait être dépassé par le pratiquant. Nous comparons ici la mesure objective du step avec le vécu expérientiel dans un contexte scolaire.
Les stratégies d’intervention pour aider les jeunes à gérer leur pratique d’activité physique. Une revue de la littérature
Authors: Gadais Tegwen
Published: August 2019

Les réflexions des dernières années sur la sédentarité juvénile ont mené à la mise en place de stratégies d’intervention (SI) dans les domaines scolaires, familiaux et communautaires. Ces stratégies sont apparues pertinentes pour outiller les jeunes à prendre en main leur pratique des activités physiques (PAP). Cette étude « narrative », vise à explorer les travaux relatifs aux SI qui visent à améliorer la PAP des jeunes (5 à 17 ans). Une recension a été conduite à partir de plusieurs bases de données (i.e., Google Scholar, Eric, Sport Discus, ProQuest) sur les trente dernières années pour mieux comprendre leur objectif et leur impact sur la PAP des jeunes. L’analyse de la littérature a permis de décrire les conditions dans lesquelles se sont développées les SI, de classer les SI utilisées par les chercheurs, de répertorier les principaux objectifs de recherche sur les SI et d’identifier les recommandations qui se dégagent pour l’implantation des futures SI. Ce travail offre une première organisation des connaissances sur les SI. Il a permis plus spécifiquement de mettre en évidence la grande diversité des SI, les contextes dans lesquels elles s’implantent ainsi que leur efficacité relative sur la PAP des jeunes et notamment à long terme.
Entretien : Gilles Klein et la revue STAPS L’éducation physique française des années 2000 : savoir s’entraîner et s’entretenir
Authors: Klein Gilles
Published: August 2019

Pour ce numéro thématique, la revue STAPS a choisi de revenir à la genèse de l’introduction du « Savoir s’entraîner » dans les programmes de l’EPS française, comme thématique et objectif. Une liste de questions a été soumise à Gilles Klein, président du Groupe Technique Disciplinaire pour l’EPS de 1999 à 2002 : il s’agissait d’éclairer la progressive élaboration des programmes EPS du lycée et la lente (mais parfois tumultueuse) apparition de « Savoir s’entraîner », en association ou non avec un groupe particulier d’activités physiques. Les premières questions resituent le contexte historique préalable (avant 1999), puis les enjeux en présence au moment de l’élaboration des programmes eux-mêmes. La seconde partie pointe la complexe émergence du « Savoir s’entraîner » en EPS, la diversité des points de vue à son sujet, les liens envisagés à l’époque de l’écriture des programmes avec la thématique de la santé ou l’entrée d’un nouveau champ culturel dans ces programmes : les activités physiques de développement personnel et d’entretien de soi.
L’accès des femmes aux postes de gouvernance en Tunisie
Authors: Ben Rhouma Amel , Kchouk Bilel
Published: August 2019

Cette recherche s’intéresse à la place des femmes dans les postes de gouvernance politique et économique en Tunisie dans le contexte de la transition démocratique amorcée depuis 2011. Notre étude quantitative montre d’une part que le discrédit des anciennes élites politiques, la loi sur la parité en politique et les pressions internationales ont créé un contexte d’opportunité favorable à une timide percée des femmes à ces postes, bien que leur représentativité demeure faible. Des récits de vie réalisés auprès de vingt-neuf « femmes de pouvoir », soulignent les ressources et capabilités détenues par ces femmes, liées à leurs acquis et émancipation depuis l’indépendance (accès aux études supérieures notamment) et un environnement familial et social soutenant. Cependant, ces évolutions se heurtent à des résistances structurelles comme les pratiques de cooptation au sein de l’administration tunisienne, la faible visibilité médiatique des femmes politiques et une persistante culture conservatrice favorisant la suprématie masculine.
Les paraboles du Christ aveugle (C. Murray) sous les feux croisés de l’exégèse, la christologie de la libération et la philosophie de la déconstruction
Authors: Fabry Geneviève
Published: August 2019

Le point de départ de cette étude est le constat d’une importance nouvelle de la philosophie « à l’ère post-métaphysique » (selon l’expression de J.-L. Schlegel) dans l’analyse du fait religieux et de la prégnance de la Bible dans la culture occidentale, y compris la plus contemporaine. Le film chilien récent intitulé El Cristo ciego/Le Christ aveugle du réalisateur Christopher Murray (2016) offre un exemple emblématique des problèmes posés par l’interprétation d’une œuvre qui interroge le mystère de la transcendance dans un cadre marqué à la fois par l’immanence radicale où s’inscrit l’expérience des personnages et par la référence explicite et massive au Nouveau Testament. Les courts récits du personnage principal seront analysés en tant que paraboles (approche exégétique) et seront interprétés à la lumière de la christologie de la libération (cf. Jon Sobrino) et de la philosophie de la déconstruction (cf. J.-L. Nancy), ce qui amènera à se poser, en conclusion, la question de la cohérence épistémologique de la lecture proposée ici.
La Bible dans le miroir des Mille et Une Nuits
Authors: Attala Daniel
Published: August 2019

Cet article propose une périodisation de l’œuvre narrative de Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986). Deux notions métalittéraires signalent la première étape, celle d’un texte absolu et celle d’un texte gouverné par le hasard, liées pour l’une à la Cabbale, pour l’autre au Gnosticisme. L’étape suivante, objet principal de cette étude, est gouvernée par la notion de figure dans le sens biblique du terme. Borges présente cette notion dans « Le Miroir des énigmes », essai de 1940 où sont convoqués des textes de Léon Bloy, Thomas de Quincey et Novalis. À travers ces influences, Borges ébauche une poétique figurative dont le caractère apocalyptique laisse l’œuvre ainsi produite dans l’indécision entre l’eschatologie et la scatologie.
Les avatars de la Chute dans trois romans de Loys Masson (1915-1969)
Authors: Zatorska Izabella
Published: August 2019

L’article entreprend l’examen du traitement littéraire de la matière biblique dans trois romans de Loys Masson, écrivain mauricien ayant passé les deux tiers de sa vie en France : Les Tortues (1956), Le Notaire des noirs (1961), Les Noces de la vanille (1962). Une définition du mythe littéraire, distingué du mythe biblique, est d’abord établie, puis appliquée aux narrations symboliques de ce poète et romancier communiste (de 1942 à 1948) et catholique, que son ami Claude Roy présentait comme un « Adam cherchant à rejeter sur Dieu la responsabilité de sa faute ».
Small business: Views, opportunities and challenges
Authors: Bradley Elisabeth
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Industrial marketing research: Theory and practice
Authors: Abratt Russell
Published: August 2019

Industrial marketing research is generally speaking a low priority item for industrial companies in South Africa. However, marketing research should form the basis of most marketing planning. Marketing research budgets in industrial companies are usually small because management feels that most projects are either too expensive or too time consuming. The objective of this article is to show that industrial marketing research need not be expensive or time consuming. Industrial marketing research has failed to receive much attention in standard marketing books and journals, in spite of the fact that the size of the industrial market is larger than the consumer market in South Africa. The author discusses a simple method which can be followed by people in industrial companies with little or no marketing background. The scope of industrial marketing research and the planning of an industrial research project are discussed; besides a report on a field study undertaken among 20 industrial plastics manufacturers on the Witwatersrand to establish the 'state of the art' as far as their marketing research was concerned.
Cognitive and motivational effectiveness of an interdisciplinary case method experiment at the University of Stuttgart
Authors: Ackermann Karl-Friedrich
Published: August 2019

An experiment on the value of the case study method was carried out at the University of Stuttgart in the Federal Republic of Germany, to ascertain whether the case study method was superior to the traditional teaching methods, especially with a view to increasing requests that university education should be more practice-related. The main deficiencies of traditional business teaching methods are indicated, as well as the perceived satisfaction and importance of the basic needs as seen by a number of students. In the experiment five business administration and five engineering students were used, while a large business firm and some of its sub-contractors gave feedback from the business world itself. Towards the end of the experiment the students' opinions on the value of the case method compared with traditional teaching methods was obtained by means of anonymous questionnaires. They rated the case study method as substantially superior with regard to increasing knowledge, and to improving both technical and inter-personal competence. The same conclusions were drawn as to the affective area of learning, including increased and better satisfied intrinsic motivation to achieve, and to cooperate in small task groups.
The economic situation and challenges to management
Authors: Van Wyk Chris J.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Unit trusts and portfolio selection on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange
Authors: Carter K. J. , Affleck-Graves J. F. , Money A. H.
Published: August 2019

The application of the standard techniques of portfolio selection on the 34 sectors comprising the JSE All Share index is undertaken for the three equal non-overlapping five-year periods between February 1965 and January 1980. Efficient portfolios in each period which carry the same risk as the market index are seen to outperform the market substantially. Portfolios chosen at random to span the efficient frontier in each period reveal the consistent inefficiency of 10 sectors over the 15-year period. Three of these sectors, namely Mining Holding, Mining Houses and Industrial Holding are shown to be favoured in the Association of Unit Trusts portfolio relative to these sectors' proportion of the market. On the presumption that unit trust managers attempt to act efficiently, holding these sectors is only justified if the measure of risk used in the portfolio selection algorithm, namely standard deviation of expected return, is less appropriate than other measures of risk such as earnings volatility. If standard deviation of expected return is a more appropriate measure of risk in the selection of efficient portfolios, it must be concluded that the large sophisticated investors managing the unit trusts act inefficiently.
Negotiating techniques
Authors: Liebenberg P. J.
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
How managers describe themselves in a job context
Authors: Strümpfer D. J.W.
Published: August 2019

By means of self-report inventories, 163 White, male, English-speaking managers described their subjective experiences of job demands and their views of themselves as working people. The mean scores on the Jenkins Activity Survey (measuring Type A - B behaviour) were well above the means of high-scoring American samples. A factor analysis of all scores revealed four interpretable factors. 'Hard Managerial Work' reflected a heavy work load, long hours worked, high utilization of abilities, high participation, and Type A behaviour, with emphasis on hard-driving competitiveness, and role clarity - but all of these experienced rather positively. Another positive factor, 'Individualistic Dedication', reflected high job involvement, full utilization of abilities and low role conflict - more as a matter of personal participation than of reaction to demands. 'Subjective Distress' reflected exhaustion, role conflict, absence of friendliness, joylessness and Type A behaviour, with an emphasis on the rushed aspect of speed and impatience. The second negative factor, 'Vulnerability', reflected high levels of social support from superiors and co-workers, need for role clarity, joylessness, and low personality hardiness.
The integrative role of planning in differentiated organizations
Authors: Woodburn T. L.
Published: August 2019

Using a five-cluster analysis it is found that organizations tend to require different internal structural characteristics which may be portrayed along a continuum. This represents young, small, simple organizations at the one end and older, large, complex organizations, at the other end of the continuum. As the size and complexity of organizations increase, their characteristics change so as to meet their more complex differentiative or integrative needs. In addition to changing the characteristics of the internal decision structure along the continuum to achieve integration, it is found that organizations also increase their involvement in planning as their size and complexity increase. With the aid of an environmental cluster analysis it is also observed that organizations which operate in increasingly complex operational environments tend to increase their degree of involvement in corporate planning.It is possible to conclude with confidence that the greater the differentiation and environmental uncertainty caused by growth, diversification and organizational complexity, the greater become the integrative needs provided by the range of facilities of corporate planning. The survey results reveal a facet previously ignored in the classic concept of corporate planning. While environmental uncertainty does play a part in determining the degree of an organization's involvement in the corporate planning process, the complexity of the organization itself plays a stronger and more dominant role in dictating the degree of involvement. In the South African context, planning is primarily a powerful internal integrator of complex organizations, and only secondarily, a management technique for coping with uncertain future business environments.
Midcareer transition: Opportunities in work clothes
Authors: Strümpfer D. J.W.
Published: August 2019

While the possibility of crises is not ignored, a generally optimistic view is presented. The subjective experience of and various styles of dealing with the midcareer transition are described in the context of the human life cycle. Various psychological and environmental antecedents are described to provide an understanding of the events that occur at midlife. Considerations on smoothing the transition are discussed, as well as aspects of the sequel to a successful transition.
Die toepassing van stygende pryspeilveranderinge by kapitaalinvesteringsbesluite
Authors: Visser Sarah S.
Published: August 2019

The application of increasing price-level changes to capital investment decisions Inflation (the decreasing purchasing power of money) has become a reality with which one has to live, and for which one has to plan. As a result of the decrease in the purchasing power of money, the prices of production means are going up considerably, and more so where long-term capital projects are involved. The initial investment in respect of a capital project involves the least risk in accuracy, as it has to be known at the moment of decision-making and cannot be changed significantly until the decision has been realized. The other factors essential for decision-making and which will be realized in the future throughout the lifespan of the asset are subject to change in the value of money and it is important that the influence of this change be taken into account. The impact of price-level changes can be taken into account through the use of general or specific price-level changes. The application of this has led to the fact that only general price-level changes, or only specific price-level changes, or general and specific price-level changes can be used for the adjustment of items. The last includes the advantages of using both price-level changes. In each of these applications different methods have been developed which agree in principle, while there may be differences with regard to details of the applications.
Coordination in a franchise channel
Authors: Abratt R. , Lindenberg M. H.
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to replicate in South Africa a survey by Guiltinan et Bl (1980) on the effect on coordination in a franchise channel of: Franchise authority; franchise influence; helpfulness of communications; automony; and uncertainty. The results will be of value to both franchisors and franchisees. In addition the results in South Africa are very similar to the United States study. This has important implications for United States companies wanting to expand their operations to South Africa.Hierdie studie was gerig op die replikasie van 'n opname deur Guiltinan et Bl (1980) oor die effek op koOrdinasie in 'n agentskapskanaal van: Agentskapsgesag; agentskapsinvloed; behulpsaamheid van kommunikasies; outonomie; en onsekerheid. Die bevindinge is van belang vir beide verteenwoordigdes en verteenwoordigers. Daarbenewens is die resultate vir Suid-Afrika bale soortgelyk aan die van die Verenigde State-studie. Hierdie het belangrike implikasies vir VSA-maatskappye wat hul belange na Suid-Afrika wil uitbrei.
Dynamic replanning: Some comments on the practical application of the analytical forecast
Authors: Kotzé J. G. , Du Preez N. P.
Published: August 2019

The importance of formal processes of planning and control in any organization has been recognized for the last two decades. Planning and replanning require some form of forecasting. Unfortunately, most forecasts utilized in practice consist of a complex mix of managerial expectations, organizational momentum, the predicted impact of managerial actions, as well as proposed managerial actions and good intentions. The evaluation of and control over such a forecast is difficult, if not impossible. This has led to efforts to analyse such a forecast into its major components. The practical implementation of these different forecast elements has yielded great success in planning applications. In control applications some undesirable side-effects have become apparent in recent years. A proposed modification to the control system application should eliminate such effects.
Patterns of turbulence and stability: Towards a dynamic sociotechnical model of technological change
Authors: Coldwell D. A.L.
Published: August 2019

A major problem in the introduction of technological change is that a basically beneficial technology can be rejected, or rendered less effective, because workers perceive it as being counter to their interests. This article outlines the fluctuation in workers' attitudes towards the introduction of a technological innovation on a gold mine. Utilizing data obtained from three separate investigations conducted over a two-year period, a tentative, empirically based, dynamic model of technological change is generated. The model suggests that certain pre-emptive steps can be taken by management to maximize the chances of success in the implementation of technical innovations.By die invoering van tegnologiese verandering is 'n wesenlike probleem dat 'n tegnologie wat fundamenteel voordelig is, verwerp kan word, of minder doeltreffend kan funksioneer, omdat werknemers dit as teenstrydig met hulle belange sien. Hierdie artikel skets die wisseling in die houdings van werknemers ten opsigte van die invoering van 'n tegnologiese verandering op 'n goudmyn. Deur gebruik te maak van gegewens wat ingewin is gedurende drie afsonderlike ondersoeke, uitgevoer oor 'n tydperk van twee jaar, is 'n voorlopige, empiriesgefundeerde, dinamiese model vir tegnologiese verandering ontwikkel. Die model doen aan die hand dat sekere voorkomende stappe deur bestuur gedoen kan word om maksimale kanse vir die suksesvolle implementering van tegnologiese veranderings te verseker.
Environmental change and the task of the human resource manager
Authors: Van Wyk R. J.
Published: August 2019

The analysis of change has become a major preoccupation of modern business managers, including the human resource manager. However, although there is much interest in the analysis of change, there is no single descriptor that captures change adequately. There is no science of change and no academic subject that deals with all the complexities of change. One approach to the analysis of change is to employ a scanning model to identify and observe certain persistent long-term patterns of change. Such a model or checklist can be derived from the environmental hexagon, a modern, highly differentiated, concept of the business environment. The application of this environmental model in the South African business setting is illustrated and a number of long-term trends are described. Against this background certain tasks of the human resource manager are described. First, he should be perceptive of change and should be seen to be perceptive. Second, he should encourage the appointment of personnel who's task it is to observe and interpret change. Third, he should contribute towards rounding out the skills of his colleagues to equip them to observe and interpret change. Fourth, he should compile and evaluate a menu of suitable training experiences for his personnel. Fifth, he should evaluate carefully where and when to use these inputs in his organization. The changing environment is redefining the role of the human resource manager and is placing greater emphasis on flexibility and creativity.
Voluntary information disclosure in company annual reports
Authors: Firer C. , Meth G.
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to measure the level of voluntary disclosure of information by listed South African manufacturing companies. A disclosure index designed to measure such disclosure was constructed. In general a fairly low level of disclosure of non-statutory items was observed in the companies studied. Disclosure tended to improve slightly during the five years 1979-1983. Limited correlation was found between the level of disclosure and firm size.Die doel van hierdie studie was om die vlak van vrywillige openbaarmaking van inligting deur Suid-Afrikaanse vervaardigingsmaatskappye wat op die effektebeurs verskyn, te meet. 'n Indeks om mate van vrywillige openbaarmaking in maatskappyjaarverslae te meet is saamgestel. Oor die algemeen is 'n taamlike lae vlak van openbaarmaking van nie-wetlike items waargeneem in die maatskappye wat bestudeer is. Openbaarmaking het gedurende die vyf jaar 1979-1983 effens verbeter. Beperkte korrelasie is tussen die vlak van openbaarmaking en maatskappygrootte waargeneem.
Empirical testing of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory using data from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange
Authors: Page M. J.
Published: August 2019

In 1976 Stephen A. Ross developed a new theory of securities pricing called the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT). According to the APT the return an investor can expect from a share is related to the risk-free rate and numerous other factors rather than just the return on the market as predicted by the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Although a considerable amount of empirical research has been carried out into the APT in the United States of America, little appears to have been done in South Africa In this article empirical research is carried out into the APT using data from the JSE. The research involves both attempting to establish the number of 'priced' factors influencing risky security returns on the JSE and comparing the explanatory ability of the APT and CAPM. Factor analysis is used to establish the number of 'priced' APT factors and regression analysis is used to assess the explanatory ability of the models. The findings suggest that at least two factors determine security returns, rather than just the return on the market as predicted by the CAPM, and that a two-factor APT model has significantly better explanatory powers than the CAPM in an ex-post sense. Finally, it is apparent that considerably more empirical research needs to be done if the factors are to be conclusively identified and checked for stability through time.
Gold shares or krugerrands: Which is the better investment?
Authors: Affleck-Graves J. F. , Barr G. D.I.
Published: August 2019

In this study we examine the performance of krugerrands vis-à-vis gold shares on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange over the period 1980 - 1983. Using the Markowitz portfolio selection model and Sharpe's capital market theory we are able to demonstrate that over the past few years, krugerrands have produced sub-optimal returns for the South African investor. This follows because in each year the investor would have been better off in some combination of gold shares and treasury bills rather than in krugerrands, no matter what risk level he chose. Furthermore, even in the naive case where the investor merely buys the gold share index, krugerrands are shown to be an inferior investment.
Using research in the teaching of management
Authors: Orpen C.
Published: August 2019

It is argued (i) that there is considerable scope for using research in teaching management, and (ii) that this does not require that the teacher be an active and expert researcher. A number of different ways of using research in teaching are discussed and suggestions provided for using them most effectively.
An empirical study of the concepts process of manufacture and similar process
Authors: Mostert F. J.
Published: August 2019

The concepts process of manufacture and similar process are very important to manufacturing enterprises as new or unused machinery and plant must be employed in one of the two processes to qualify for a 50% initial allowance. On the other hand only buildings or improvements thereto are in line for an Investment or initial allowance if the assets are used in a process of manufacture. An empirical study of the two concepts concerned revealed that a process of manufacture or similar process is clear to the majority of responding companies. Allegations made by a number of companies concerning the two concepts do not have much substance, but the concept of process of manufacture is apparently a bigger source of doubt to the private sector than a similar process. Situations, such as proceeding from one process to the next or where machinery and plant are part of the building, do not always yield clear-cut answers. Possible solution for increasing the clarity of a process of manufacture or a similar process include, amongst others, clear guidelines which should be issued by the Receiver of Revenue as well as a list of examples of processes of manufacture which are acceptable to the Receiver of Revenue.
The covariance biplot and stock market data: An alternative relative strength chart
Authors: Barr G. D.I. , Affleck-Graves J. F.
Published: August 2019

Relative strength analysis is an important technique for many investment analysts. In this paper an alternative to the traditional relative strength chart is proposed, based on the covariance biplot. It is argued that this method provides more information than the traditional relative strength analysis in that it provides a visual picture of both the relative riskiness of the individual securities and the degree of co-movement between the various securities, in addition to the change in relative strength over a number of time periods. A methodology is proposed for transforming stock-market data into a form suitable for the covariance biplot routine. This transformation involves both a smoothing and scaling of the original price series data. The methodology is illustrated by application to six of the JSE Actuarial Sector Indices and a step-by-step guide to the interpretation of the covariance biplot is provided.
Corporate culture: The perceptions of personnel managers in South Africa
Authors: Viljoen J.
Published: August 2019

In this paper some core dimensions along which corporate culture can be analysed are identified. It is argued that, for large scale studies of corporate culture, personnel managers are the most appropriate sampling base. Using a mailed questionnaire a sample of 199 South African companies was surveyed in order to isolate their cultural attributes as perceived by the personnel manager. The research findings revealed: (i) a strong association between strategic management style and perceived culture strength; (ii) greater perceived performance potential and better labour relations amongst strong culture companies, and (iii) significant differences in perceived culture strength between managerial and non-managerial employees. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Patterns of leadership and perceived distribution of influence
Authors: Coster E. A.
Published: August 2019

This study investigates the relationship between the perceived distribution of influence and leadership. Research suggests that the distribution of a specific type of influence may be associated with a particular hierarchical level. The results of the present study indicate that differences in the perception of influence exist. Further analysis of the relationship between the hierarchical levels and influence domains showed that the top echelons perceive themselves to have the most influence over all the domains of influence. The results indicate that other variables need to be included to determine the association between leadership and the distribution of influence.
Kamen's quick clustering of participation data: A research note
Authors: Pitt L. , Nel D.
Published: August 2019

This brief research note revisits a simple, but very useful clustering procedure developed by Kamen (1970), and illustrates its use in the clustering of attitudinal/perceptual data. For the purpose of illustrating the technique, perceptions of peer group participation in potentially corrupt situations in business were used as the data set. The mean responses, standard deviations and medians of 458 managers served as input for a correlation matrix from which the variables were clustered. The clusters formed by the analysis have been interpreted as 'The Insiders', 'Felons', 'Happy Holidays', 'The Fiddlers', 'A Bit on the Side', and 'The Innocents'. From the clusters identified it was evident that some situations were similar in nature. Quick clustering of the pilot study data is regarded as successful and could therefore lead to improved questionnaire design as well as the elimination of similar questions.
The relationship between return on investment and the market share of certain listed companies in selected market sectors: 1975 - 1985
Authors: De Wit P. W.C. , Steyn N. J.R.
Published: August 2019

During a theoretical study of company objectives it was found that it is generally assumed that a positive relationship exists between return on investment and the market share of a company. Examination of the formula for calculating return on investment shows, however, that this may not necessarily be the case. As existing studies regarding this relationship could not give any clarity, the need arose for a South African based study. An empirical study was accordingly executed on listed retail stores and companies involved in the manufacturing and distribution of furniture. The period involved was 1975-1985. No meaningful relationship between return on investment and market share could be found. Various recommendations that may lead to more conclusive results during future research were made. The need for accurate findings exists to establish whether the marketing objective is in line with the company objective.
Strategies for the determination of the information requirements of an organization: A discussion
Authors: Du Plooy N. F.
Published: August 2019

An attempt is made in this paper to clarify some of the ambiguities surrounding the topic of information requirements. Whereas current systems analysis practice is mainly concerned with determining the current and future information needs of the 'users' of the proposed information system, this study points out that the requirements process should begin much earlier - information requirements should indeed be derived from the overall strategic business plan of the organization. If an information system is to be successful over the longer term, it is not so much the needs of the user that should be determined, but rather the needs of the organization. For this purpose, strategic information system planning is indispensable. In effect this means that the development life-cycle of an information system starts earlier than indicated in current models. The consequences of this broader view of requirements definition for, inter alia, systems analysis are reviewed.
Die Suid-Afrikaanse bestuurder: Uitdagings en dilemma
Authors: Uys R.
Published: August 2019

The South African manager: Challenges and dilemma The South African working environment is typified by two extremes. On the one hand there is an over-supply of unskilled labour, whilst on the other hand there is a severe shortage of qualified persons which have the applicable experience. In addition white males are mainly used to fill managerial positions. This unavoidably leads to the over-utilization of white males within the management sphere. Not only do they try to cover the whole managerial spectrum, but they also execute the majority of specialist activities. The inevitable result is total work dedication mainly to compensate for the lack of the correct training and experience. This necessarily leads to the neglect of spouse and family and a superficializing of religion, culture, and personal life. To determine to what extend this negative situation actually exists in South Africa and what need to be done to rectify it, country-wide research was undertaken and the findings are recorded in this article.
Competing with computers: An integrated approach to identifying areas of competitive advantage
Authors: Watson R. T. , Pitt L. F.
Published: August 2019

The potential for information systems technology (IST) to afford competitive advantages to organizations which exploit it effectively has been well documented. However, there has not been a great deal of work in the area of how managers can identify opportunities for the strategic use of IST. Three broad approaches have been outlined for the identification of these opportunities, namely brainstorming, case studies, and conceptual models. The authors present an overview of these approaches and then suggest their integration in a process model which should lead to synergy in strategy teams charged with the identification of strategic uses of IST.
A note on the seasonality of stock returns on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange
Authors: Bradfield D. J.
Published: August 2019

Evidence from studies on the major stock exchanges world-wide suggests that stocks listed on these markets earn abnormally high returns in the month of January. In this article the seasonality of stocks on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange is empirically investigated. Surprisingly no January effects are found, however, a significant December seasonal effect is documented. A plausible explanation for this finding is offered.
From emergence to maintenance: A model for identifying and interpreting strategic issues
Authors: Human P. , Berthon P.
Published: August 2019

In this paper an analytical model for identifying and delineating strategic issues is developed. The traditional SWOT approach is criticised. A model is developed using grounded theory from research done on 119 top South African companies. The two major delineating factors and thus axes of the model are importance and uncertainty. The article is concluded by considering the academic and practical implications of the model and the associated research.
Replacement cost depreciation and cash flow requirements
Authors: Doenges R. C. , Hamman W. D. , Lambrechts I. J.
Published: August 2019

In this article a framework is developed to test whether depreciation based on replacement cost meets cash flow requirements. It also indicates both the extent to which depreciation based on replacement cost can be linked to depreciation based on historical cost and the factors which should be considered in the calculation of the ratio of replacement cost depreciation to historical cost depreciation. These aspects are of importance to most enterprises and of particular importance to price-controlled enterprises. The most significant findings are that: there is no need to provide for backlog depreciation; additional depreciation needs only be provided to the extent that equity financing is used; and the ratio of replacement cost depreciation to historical cost depreciation is a function of the inflation rate, lives of assets and the applicable gearing ratios.
An empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of share recommendations by stockbrokers and investment advisory services in South Africa
Authors: Bhana N.
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study is to determine if the buy and sell recommendations of stockbroker and investment advisory services have provided clients with superior returns during the period 1979-88. Superior returns were associated primarily with buy, rather than sell, recommendations. The recommendations were associated with genuine changes in the value of securities and were not mere self-fulfilling prophecies. The apparent ability of stockbrokers/investment advisory services to offer their clients superior investment recommendations may be due to their superior access to new information which they process more quickly and efficiently than most investors. Investment analysts also appear to have a potential for acquiring inside information and this in turn may have contributed to their superior returns.
Top priorities in information systems: The South African perspective
Authors: Miller Jonathan , Pitt Leyland F.
Published: August 2019

In this article findings of a three-round Delphi study concerning key issues in information systems (IS) are presented, as perceived by a group of South African information systems managers. Some adaptations to the Delphi method were made, and these are described. The ten most important issues are identified, and these are categorized. It emerges that most are externally orientated and deal with the relationship between IS and the enterprise. The implications for information systems practitioners, academics, consultants and professional bodies are discussed.
Portefeuljebestuur, die kapitaalmarkprysmodel en verwante tegnieke
Authors: Van Zyl Smit J.
Published: August 2019

The importance of risk management in business has long been recognised. The importance, assumptions and limitations of the Capital Asset Pricing Model is generally accepted and an elaborate introduction is therefore not necessary. The stability of returns on investments is both a measure of risk and a cardinal determinant of the Capital Asset Pricing Model which deals with risk and reasonable return. The Capital Asset Pricing Model as prospective valuation instrument is subject to serious limitations. Certain determinants of the model can however be shown to be of great theoretical and practical importance in techniques of prospective value. To develop a theoretically sound practical return measure with predictive value to be applied in conjunction with the Capital Asset Pricing Model would constitute a meaningful contribution to investment management. This article is based on a study carried out on a small sample of companies quoted on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange during the period 1982 to 1990 with a view to illustrate the application in portfolio management of the Capital Asset Pricing Model and its short-term predictive value in respect of share price movements. In addition a number of techniques complementary to the Capital Asset Pricing Model were developed and illustrated.
Reaction on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange to major shifts in dividend policy
Authors: Bhana Narendra
Published: August 2019

The objective of this article is to examine the share market response to substantial changes in dividend policies for companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The results provide strong support for the information content of dividend hypothesis. Investors revise their expectations in response to announcement of significant dividend changes. The market reacts more dramatically to negative than to positive dividend changes. The JSE appears to be inefficient in reacting to the announcement of dividend changes; economically significant abnormal returns are observed for a period of up to 20 trading days after the event. A systematic trader in dividend changing shares would have earned significant abnormal returns even though the market effects large corrections before, and at the announcement date. This pattern is especially clear around dividend omissions and large dividend decreases.
A situational approach to the application of the inventory control theory to maintenance spares control
Authors: Hipkin I. B.
Published: August 2019

The management of maintenance spares has frequently been treated as part of the management of the total inventory in production-oriented organizations. In this article it is suggested that maintenance spares should be grouped into four categories: non-stock, usage stock, project stock and insurance stock. Rather than using a common inventory control approach to all spares, different techniques should be applied to each category. Developments in reliability-centred maintenance will result in less reliance on forecasting maintenance spares requirements, thereby permitting a higher service level without an increase in inventory carrying costs.
Organizational variables influencing female advancement in South Africa
Authors: Erwee Ronel
Published: August 2019

Variables which affect female advancement in South African organizations, such as aspects of the organization structure, i.e. the power hierarchy, composition of levels in companies and the reward structures, are discussed. Analyses of organization processes such as selection and promotion of organizational members provide examples of pre-market discrimination and disparate treatment Group structure and processes such as informal networks, the exclusion and inclusion of select members can also create subtle obstacles. Solutions to the slower advancement of women in organizations should be sought in both personal action plans formulated by career-oriented women and creation of enabling conditions in companies.
The telephonist and the service quality gap
Authors: Owens Jay , Loggenberg Terese
Published: August 2019

With this research customer perceptions and expectations of the in-house telephone service were investigated in four service organizations. Service quality was measured by means of a multiple item scale for measuring customer perceptions. The findings were supported by inputs from the managers and telephonists of these firms. The results showed that overall the quality of the service, provided by the in-house telephone service in the companies investigated, lagged behind customer expectations. The indicators for the gaps on the conceptual service quality model correlated well with the overall quality scores. Recommendations are made that the managements of service firms should include the telephonists in their overall service quality management, and provide more training on communications skills on service and customer orientation for the telephonists. Telephonists should also receive more support from management and staff since they feel left out of the organization. The regular measurement and monitoring of service quality should also include this very important function as first contact with any service company.Met hierdie navorsing word kliente se persepsies en hul verwagtinge van die binneshuise telefoondiens in vier diensorganisasies ondersoek. Diensgehalte is deur middel van 'n veelvoudige item-vraeboog bepaal wat klientepersepsies meet. Die bevindinge is ondersteun deur insette vanaf die bestuurders en die telefoniste van die bogenoemde firmas. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat die algehele gehalte van die diens wat deur die binneshuise telefoondiens aangebied word, nie aan klienteverwagtinge voldoen nie. Die gapings van die diensgehalte-model, korreleer goed met die algehele dienstellings. Aanbevelings word gemaak dat die bestuur van die firmas die telefoniste behoort in te sluit in hul algehele diensgehaltebestuur, en dat meer opleiding in kommunikasiekundigheid, in diens, en opleiding in klientegerigtheid vir telefoniste aangebied behoort te word. Telefoniste behoort meer ondersteuning van beide bestuur en personeel te ontvang, aangesien hulle voel dat hulle nie altyd deel van die organisasie is nie. Die gereelde bepaling en waarneming van diensgehalte behoort ook hierdie baie belangrike funksie, as eerste kontak met enige diensmaatskappy, in te sluit.
Screening and evaluating potential merger or acquisition candidates: Some suggestions for a critical process
Authors: Brews P. J.
Published: August 2019

Corporate growth through merger and acquisition is one of the many growth strategies open to the firm. Such a growth strategy can be divided into three stages: formulating the merger/acquisition strategy; screening and evaluating potential candidates; and implementing and integrating the merger/acquisition. In this article, the second in a series of three, the focus is on the second stage. Research findings into the evaluation practices utilized by twenty acquisition intensive South African companies are reported. Broadly speaking, evaluation in the South African context is seen primarily as a team effort, and the domain of top management, assisted by staff personnel where necessary. Taking between one to three months to complete, the evaluation practices of organizations represented display considerable variance. Some adopt a structured approach, and utilize formally developed evaluation checklists, while others rely on an ad hoc, informal approach. While several methods to evaluate managerial competence were suggested, no process to evaluate either managerial compatibility or the culture of potential candidates were discovered. Understanding of the concept of organizational culture was found to be minimal, though the research findings indicate a contingent role for organizational culture in the merger/acquisition process. The article is concluded by making some suggestions which, while not guaranteeing transaction success, should lessen the chance of failure being attributable to inadequate candidate evaluation.