bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migrants and the Public World in Scotland, 1885–1939: A Way Forward for Comparative Research
Authors: McBride Terence
Published: April 2017

Large-scale migration within and to the nineteenth-century British Isles was a feature of a dynamic industrial economy. Among the migrants who specifically came to Scotland, over time increasing numbers came from Continental Europe. Facing interactions with long-established Scottish institutions such the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, they also became increasingly subject to newly-formed state institutions in Edinburgh and London. In this article, I will show how we can begin to comparatively characterise the dynamic of migrant-host relationships in the period 1885–1939, by examining a growing ‘Scottish’ administration, largely based in Edinburgh, and the ‘social spaces’ associated with migrant associational culture.
Impatiens arunachalensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species from northeastern India
Authors: HAREESH VADAKKOOT SANKARAN , JOE ALFRED , GOGOI RAJIB , SABU MAMIYIL
Published: April 2017

Impatiens arunachalensis, a new species of Impatiens is described from the Upper Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. Detailed descriptions, distribution, and discussion of ecology along with colour photographs are provided.
Tupistra ashihoi (Asparagaceae), a new species from north-eastern India
Authors: ROY DILIP KR. , ODYUO N. , AVERYANOV LEONID V.
Published: April 2017

Tupistra Ker Gawler (1814: 1655) belonging to Asparagaceae subfamily Nolinoideae (APG 2009, Chase et al. 2009), includes about 26 species (Govaerts 2016). These taxa spread mainly in south and south-east of continental Asia, including Nepal, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, China, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia (Tanaka 2003a, 2003b,  2010a, 2010b, Averyanov et al. 2016). This genus is characterised by leaves with slender petiolar base, relatively large stigma broader than the style, stout columnar style almost as thick as the ovary and usually tuberculate, dirty green, globular berry-like fruit (Tanaka 2003a, 2010a). In India, Tupistra is represented so far by four species, namely Tupistra clarkei Hooker (1894: 325), T. nutans Wall. ex Lindley (1839: 1223), T. stoliczana Kurz (1875: 199) and T. tupistroides (Kunth 1848: 12) Dandy (1932: 329).
Bulbophyllum putaoensis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae; Malaxideae), a new species from Kachin State, Myanmar
Authors: LIU QIANG , ZHOU SHI-SHUN , LI REN , ZHANG MING-XIA , ZYAW MYINT , LONE SHWE , QUAN RUI-CHANG
Published: April 2017

The orchid flora of Myanmar is highly diverse but as yet poorly known in the continental Asia, which is largely a result of periods of past instability and political isolation of the country. Also the remoteness of many orchid-rich areas and the difficulties of investigation in rugged terrain have also played a role (Ormerod & Kumar, 2003; Kurzweil & Lwin, 2014). According to recent estimates about 800 orchid species are distributed in Myanmar (Kurzweil & Lwin, 2014), which were probably underestimated. Many new distribution records and new species have been published in the last few years (Ormerod, 2002, 2006, 2012; Ormerod & Kumar, 2003, 2008; Ormerod & Wood, 2010; Nyunt, 2006; Kurzweil et al., 2010; Kurzweil & Lwin, 2012a,b; Tanaka et al. 2011).
On the Spatial and Temporal Variability of Atmospheric Heat Transport in a Hierarchy of Models
Authors: Messori G. , Geen R. , Czaja A.
Published: April 2017

The present study analyzes the spatial and temporal variability of zonally integrated meridional atmospheric heat transport due to transient eddies in a hierarchy of datasets. These include a highly idealized two-layer model seeded with point geostrophic vortices, an intermediate complexity GCM, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data. The domain of interest is the extratropics. Both the two-layer model and the GCM display a pronounced temporal variability in the zonally integrated meridional transport, with the largest values (or pulses) of zonally integrated transport being associated with extended regions of anomalously strong local heat transport. In the two-layer model these large-scale coherent transport regions, termed “heat transport bands,” are linked to densely packed baroclinic vortex pairs and can be diagnosed as low-wavenumber streamfunction anomalies. In the GCM they are associated with both the warm and cold sectors of midlatitude weather systems. Both these features are also found in ERA-Interim: the heat transport bands match weather systems and occur primarily in the storm-track regions, which in turn correspond to planetary-scale climatological streamfunction anomalies. The authors hypothesize that the temporal variability of the zonally integrated heat transport is partly linked to oscillatory variations in the storm-track activity but also contains a background red noise component. The existence of a pronounced variability in the zonally integrated meridional heat transport can have important consequences for the interplay between midlatitude dynamics and the energy balance of the high latitudes.
Isolating the effect of eviction on criminal convictions
Authors: Alm Susanne
Published: April 2017

On an individual level, criminal offending is linked to resource deficiencies. Since evictions tend to affect society’s weakest groups, we would expect evicted individuals to be convicted of crime to a higher degree than others even before eviction. But is there also a direct effect of eviction on criminal convictions? The aim of this study was to isolate the effect of eviction on criminal convictions. Propensity score matching was used and the analyses included all individuals evicted in Sweden from 2009 to 2010 ( n = 5050), and a 10% sample of the adult population ( n = 770,000). After matching based on relevant background factors, the analyses showed a significant increase in criminal convictions from the year of eviction until the end of the period studied, two to three years later. The pattern was similar for men and women. Future research should investigate eviction in relation to different types of crime.
Tweeting Presidential Primary Debates: Debate Processing Through Motivated Twitter Instruction
Authors: Jennings Freddie J. , Coker Calvin R. , McKinney Mitchell S. , Warner Benjamin R.
Published: April 2017

Researchers have noted that an individual’s processing of political media messages occurs through various filters including partisanship, interest, and cynicism. The phenomenon of motivated processing, however, is understudied particularly in the context of televised presidential debates. As major campaign events, presidential debates have been linked to increases in viewers’ political knowledge, political information efficacy, and changes in candidate evaluation. Yet individual’s information processing, largely unexplored in the extant debate literature, may well influence these outcomes. In the present study, we manipulate processing of a political debate and monitor the effects through participant engagement with social media. Researchers asked debate viewers to tweet while watching 2016 Democrat and Republican presidential primary debates following instructions designed to prime either directional motivated processing or accuracy motivated processing. The results demonstrate that the accuracy prompt reduced issue-based tweeting and therefore reduced knowledge acquisition. Conversely, the directional prompt increased issue-based tweeting and therefore increased knowledge acquisition.
Preliminary Clinical Validation of a Differential Correction Method for Improving Measurement Accuracy in Noninvasive Measurement of Blood Glucose Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Han Guang , Yu Xuyao , Xia Dandan , Liu Rong , Liu Jin , Xu Kexin
Published: April 2017

One of the main challenges in the noninvasive sensing of blood glucose by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is the background variations from light source drift, sweating, and temperature change at the human–machine interface. In this paper, a differential correction method based on the spectra from the floating-reference position and measuring position is proposed to eliminate these spectral variations from background interferences. Its effectiveness was validated by in vitro and in vivo experiments in which the diffuse reflectance of intralipid solutions and human skin was collected at the source distances of 0.6 mm and 2 mm by the custom-built system with six super-luminescent emitting diodes (SLEDs) light source. The results showed that, for the in vitro experiments of intralipid solutions, the coefficients of variations of diffuse reflectance decreased by 20.5% under all the six wavelengths after differential correction. For the in vivo experiments of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), partial least squares (PLS) regression models between glucose concentrations and the diffuse reflectance from palm skin were built, and the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) decreased by 38.0% on average after the differential correction. Further, the spectra of the oral water tolerance tests (OWTTs) were collected for correlation with glucose concentration in OGTTs, and their correlation coefficients (R) decreased by 35.0% on average after the differential correction. Therefore, this differential correction method based on the spectra from the floating-reference position and measuring position can weaken the influence of background variations on the NIR spectroscopy and has promising potential in in vivo detection, especially for noninvasive blood glucose measurement.
The Distribution and Movement of American Cockroaches in Urban Niches of New Orleans
Authors: Carlson John C. , Rabito Felicia A. , Werthmann Derek , Fox Mark
Published: April 2017

American cockroaches are an important source of household allergens in tropical and semitropical climates. To determine which outdoor niches produce American cockroaches, traps were placed at 40 homes in New Orleans to collect nymphs. Nymphs were collected from the sewers, yards, and within the homes themselves. To compare sewers and yards as sources of cockroaches entering homes, adult cockroaches were collected, marked, and released into yards and sewers. No sewer-released cockroaches were collected in homes. Cockroaches released into yards were collected in the homes, suggesting that yards, rather than sewers, are a more important source niche. A field trial applying boric acid granules to the yard was performed in an effort to reduce entry of cockroaches. There was a significant reduction in the cockroach antigen collected in intervention homes compared with controls.
A systematic review of discomfort due to toe or ear clipping in laboratory rodents
Authors: Wever Kimberley E. , Geessink Florentine J. , Brouwer Michelle A. E. , Tillema Alice , Ritskes-Hoitinga Merel
Published: April 2017

Toe clipping and ear clipping (also ear notching or ear punching) are frequently used methods for individual identification of laboratory rodents. These procedures potentially cause severe discomfort, which can reduce animal welfare and distort experimental results. However, no systematic summary of the evidence on this topic currently exists. We conducted a systematic review of the evidence for discomfort due to toe or ear clipping in rodents. The review methodology was pre-specified in a registered review protocol. The population, intervention, control, outcome (PICO) question was: In rodents, what is the effect of toe clipping or ear clipping, compared with no clipping or sham clipping, on welfare-related outcomes? Through a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and grey literature, we identified seven studies on the effect of ear clipping on animal welfare, and five such studies on toe clipping. Studies were included in the review if they contained original data from an in vivo experiment in rodents, assessing the effect of toe clipping or ear clipping on a welfare-related outcome. Case studies and studies applying unsuitable co-interventions were excluded. Study quality was appraised using an extended version of SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE)’s risk of bias tool for animal studies. Study characteristics and outcome measures were highly heterogeneous, and there was an unclear or high risk of bias in all studies. We therefore present a narrative synthesis of the evidence identified. None of the studies reported a sample size calculation. Out of over 60 different outcomes, we found evidence of discomfort due to ear clipping in the form of increased respiratory volume, vocalization and blood pressure. For toe clipping, increased vocalization and decreased motor activity in pups were found, as well as long-term effects in the form of reduced grip strength and swimming ability in adults. In conclusion, there is too little evidence to reliably assess discomfort due to toe or ear clipping, and the quality of the available evidence is uncertain. Adequately powered, high-quality studies reporting reliable, relevant outcome measures are needed to accurately assess the impact of these identification techniques. Until more reliable evidence is available, any effect of toe clipping or ear clipping on animal welfare and study results cannot be confirmed or excluded.
Making Absence Visible: The Caravan of Central American Mothers in Search of Disappeared Migrants
Authors: Diego Rivera Hernández Raúl
Published: April 2017

The touring model employed by the Caravan of Central American Mothers in search of disappeared migrants in transit through Mexico creates processes of political empowerment for poor, indigenous peasant women who have no previous experience as activists and human rights defenders. Interviews and participant observation with members and organizers of the ninth caravan (held in December 2013) reveal three key moments that anchor the mothers’ transformation into political subjects and human rights activists: the creation of a collective identity based on maternal activism, the forging of an alliance with transnational human rights networks, and the emergence of a budding politics of visibility based on public acts of grieving that candidly lament the vulnerability of migrants caught in the drug war and border securitization across the hemisphere.

El modelo itinerante de la Caravana de Madres Centroamericanas en busca de migrantes desaparecidos en tránsito por México genera procesos de empoderamiento político de mujeres pobres, indígenas, campesinas y sin experiencia como activistas y defensoras de derechos humanos. Entrevistas y observación participante con integrantes y organizadores de la novena Caravana (diciembre 2013) identifican tres momentos claves para entender la transformación de las madres en sujetos políticos y luchadoras sociales por la defensa de los derechos migrantes: la conformación de una identidad colectiva basada en el activismo maternal, la alianza con redes transnacionales de promoción y defensa de los derechos humanos, y la emergencia de una política de la visibilidad a partir de acciones de duelo público en respuesta a la vulnerabilidad de los migrantes en el contexto de la narcoguerra y la política hemisférica de securitización de fronteras.
Diffusion of European Modern City Planning around 1910: Transferring and Implementation of International Knowledge in Tallinn, Estonia
Authors: Hallas-Murula Karin
Published: April 2017

This article examines the implementation of international urban planning in Tallinn in the 1910 within the frame of concepts of transferring knowledge, cultural orientations, borrowing, and synthesizing. This article focuses on the side of the commissioner—Estonian liberal municipal politicians who gained power in Tallinn City Council and became the main driving force in developing modern planning. Among other important actors, the organization of house-owners and some individuals emerged. Actors were highly motivated in implementing international urban planning for they connected the modern planning with ideas of developing Tallinn into modern European city and national capital. The international planning competition was organized in a possible high professional level and it resulted with the project “Greater-Tallinn” by Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen in 1913.
Accidental Publication, Unfinished Texts and the Traditional Goals of New Testament Textual Criticism
Authors: Larsen Matthew D.C.
Published: April 2017

Notions of ‘authorship’, ‘publication’ and ‘ﬁnal text’ are often mentioned in traditional textual criticism, but less frequently discussed in detail. The projects of source and redaction criticism end and textual criticism begins based on when scholars imagine a text was ﬁnished. Yet modern notions of publication, textuality and authorship, which are largely shaped by the printing press, are often anachronistically applied to the ancient world. Exploring evidence from Plato to 4 Ezra to Tertullian and Augustine, I take up the question of when a text was considered ‘ﬁnal’ by reconsidering what counted as publication in the ancient world. Once the assumption of textual ﬁnalization is set aside, the tools traditionally associated with textual, source and redaction criticism become unhelpful. While textual critics have noted the practical impossibilities of arriving at the ‘original text’, I demonstrate the conceptual roadblocks to imagining an ‘original’ and ‘ﬁnal’ text in the ancient world.
Acquiring an opaque gender system in Irish, an endangered indigenous language
Authors: Nic Fhlannchadha Siobhán , Hickey Tina M.
Published: April 2017

An in-depth examination of the acquisition of grammatical gender has not previously been conducted for Irish, an endangered indigenous language now typically acquired simultaneously with English, or as L2. Children acquiring Irish must contend with the opacity of the Irish gender system and the plurifunctionality of the inflections used to mark it, while also experiencing early exposure to the majority language and variability in amount and consistency of adult input in Irish. Data were collected from 306 participants aged 6–13 years, including information on home language background which allowed children to be categorised as being from homes which were Irish-dominant, bilingual, or English-dominant. Novel measures of receptive and productive use of grammatical gender were developed to test children’s understanding and production of gender marking. A standard multiple regression conducted which accounted for 39.5% of the variance showed that language background was the strongest predictor of accuracy in marking grammatical gender assignment and agreement. The later stages of acquisition of semantic and grammatical gender have not previously been investigated in Irish, and the implications for researchers, policy makers, educators and parents are discussed.
Mining big building operational data for improving building energy efficiency: A case study
Authors: Fan Cheng , Xiao Fu
Published: April 2017

Massive amounts of building operational data are collected and stored in modern buildings, which provide rich information for in-depth investigation and assessment of actual building operational performance. However, the current utilization of big building operational data is far from being effective due to the gaps between building engineering and advanced big data analytics. Data mining is a promising technology for extracting previously unknown yet potentially useful insights from big data. This paper aims to explore the potential application of advanced data mining techniques for effective utilization of big building operational data. A case study of mining the operational data of an educational building for performance improvement is presented. Decision tree, clustering analysis, and association rule mining are adopted to analyze the operational data. The results show that useful knowledge can be extracted for identifying typical building operation patterns, detecting operation deficiencies, and spotting energy conservation opportunities.

Practical application:The current utilization of big building operational data in the building industry is rather limited due to the lack in experience of using advanced big data analytics. This study presents a data mining-based method for analyzing massive building operational data. The case study results validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the method proposed. It can help building professionals to discover valuable insights into building operation patterns and thereby developing strategies for improving building energy efficiency. The method can be fully realized using the open-source software R, which provides great flexibilities in its integration with building automation systems.
Public relations, voice and recognition: a case study
Authors: Edwards Lee
Published: April 2017

Public relations’ role in democracy is most often conceptualised as a distortion of public debate through the intrusion of vested interests in the public sphere. In this article, an alternative view of public relations is proposed, grounded in the work of Silverstone, Couldry and Honneth, as a tool through which spaces of appearance may be constructed for individuals within deliberative systems. The results of a pilot study conducted with one UK charity are presented, to explore how the use of public relations by marginalised young people allowed them to express voice, receive recognition and engage with others as citizens. The article concludes with a consideration of the limitations of the study and its implications for the role of public relations in democracy.
Selected weight management interventions for military populations in the United States: a narrative report
Authors: Moura Jessica , Aboul-Enein Basil H , Bernstein Joshua , Kruk Joanna
Published: April 2017

Overweight and obesity continues to be a significant public health burden in the US and particularly among military personnel. Although the US Department of Defense mandates standardized physical activity requirements for military members, incidence and prevalence of overweight and obesity among military personnel continue to increase. Each military department controls their own interventional strategies for physical fitness and weight control. However, unique challenges such as geographic transients, lack of central standardization and empirical efficacy data across military departments, and chronic stress associated with military service adversely affect program outcomes. This brief narrative report explores overweight and obesity interventions among military populations from 2006 to 2016 and includes programmatic reviews of eight overweight and obesity interventions: The Prevention of Obesity in Military Community; Health Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Training Headquarters (H.E.A.L.T.H); ArmyMOVE!; L.I.F.E.; Look AHEAD; Nutrition-focused Wellness Coaching; Go for Green; and LE3AN. A majority of these interventions did not report significant weight loss 6 months post intervention, and did not mention a theoretical foundation within the interventions. Further research to examine the importance of theory-based programming is warranted to improve process and outcome objectives.
Relationship satisfaction and the subjective distance of past relational events
Authors: Cortes Kassandra , Leith Scott , Wilson Anne E.
Published: April 2017

The present research examines how the subjective time of relational memories is linked to present relationship satisfaction. We tested the hypothesis that satisfied (but not dissatisfied) partners would keep happy relational events subjectively close in time and relegate transgressions to the subjectively distant past (regardless of when those events actually occurred). We found support for our predictions in the context of romantic relationships (Study 1) and with any type of close other (e.g., friends, family members; Study 2). To better understand the implications of the subjective distancing pattern among highly satisfied versus dissatisfied partners, we examined the role of perceptions of event importance. We found that highly satisfied partners’ adaptive pattern of distancing mediates their tendency to ascribe continued importance to past relationship glories, while dismissing earlier relational disappointments as unimportant (Study 2). We then examined the causal impact of subjective time on importance and on subsequent relationship satisfaction by manipulating both event valence and perceptions of subjective distance (Study 3). People were more satisfied when happy relational events felt close and unhappy ones felt distant. This work sheds light on a reciprocal process whereby highly satisfied partners navigate the temporal landscape of their relational histories by retaining and valuing happy memories and by discarding the relevance of painful ones, which then maintains or boosts subsequent relationship satisfaction.
Emergency department staff priorities for improving palliative care provision for older people: A qualitative study
Authors: Wright Rebecca J , Lowton Karen , Robert Glenn , Grudzen Corita R , Grocott Patricia
Published: April 2017

Background:

Emergency department–based palliative care services are increasing, but research to develop these services rarely includes input from emergency clinicians, jeopardizing the effectiveness of subsequent palliative care interventions.

Aim:

To collaboratively identify with emergency clinicians’ improvement priorities for emergency department–based palliative care for older people.

Design:

This was one component of an experience-based co-design project, conducted using semi-structured interviews and feedback sessions.

Setting/participants:

In-depth interviews with 15 emergency clinicians (nurses and doctors) at a large teaching hospital emergency department in the United Kingdom exploring experiences of palliative care delivery for older people. A thematic analysis identified core challenges that were presented to 64 clinicians over five feedback sessions, validating interview findings, and identifying shared priorities for improving palliative care delivery.

Results:

Eight challenges emerged: patient age; access to information; communication with patients, family members, and clinicians; understanding of palliative care; role uncertainty; complex systems and processes; time constraints; and limited training and education. Through feedback sessions, clinicians selected four challenges as improvement priorities: time constraints; communication and information; systems and processes; and understanding of palliative care. As resulting improvement plans evolved, “training and education” replaced “time constraints” as a priority.

Conclusion:

Clinician priorities for improving emergency department–based palliative care were identified through collaborative, iterative processes. Though generally aware of older palliative patients’ needs, clinicians struggled to provide high-quality care due to a range of complex factors. Further research should identify whether priorities are shared across other emergency departments, and develop, implement, and evaluate strategies developed by clinicians.
Intra-arterial verapamil post-thrombectomy is feasible, safe, and neuroprotective in stroke
Authors: Fraser Justin F , Maniskas Michael , Trout Amanda , Lukins Doug , Parker Lindsey , Stafford W Lane , Alhajeri Abdulnasser , Roberts Jill , Bix Gregory J
Published: April 2017

Large vessel ischemic stroke represents the most disabling subtype. While t-PA and endovascular thrombectomy can recanalize the occluded vessel, good clinical outcomes are not uniformly achieved. We propose that supplementing endovascular thrombectomy with superselective intra-arterial (IA) verapamil immediately following recanalization could be safe and effective. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, has been shown to be an effective IA adjunct in a pre-clinical mouse focal ischemia model. To demonstrate translational efficacy, mechanism, feasibility, and safety, we conducted a group of translational experiments. We performed in vivo IA dose–response evaluation in our animal stroke model with C57/Bl6 mice. We evaluated neuroprotective mechanism through in vitro primary cortical neuron (PCN) cultures. Finally, we performed a Phase I trial, SAVER-I, to evaluate feasibility and safety of administration in the human condition. IA verapamil has a likely plateau or inverted-U dose–response with a defined toxicity level in mice (LD50 16–17.5 mg/kg). Verapamil significantly prevented PCN death and deleterious ischemic effects. Finally, the SAVER-I clinical trial showed no evidence that IA verapamil increased the risk of intracranial hemorrhage or other adverse effect/procedural complication in human subjects. We conclude that superselective IA verapamil administration immediately following thrombectomy is safe and feasible, and has direct, dose–response-related benefits in ischemia.
Internalizing Symptoms and Friendship Stability: Longitudinal Actor-Partner Effects in Early Adolescent Best Friend Dyads
Authors: Marengo Davide , Rabaglietti Emanuela , Tani Franca
Published: April 2017

The present study investigated the stability of friendship nominations over the course of a school year as a function of early adolescents’ and their classroom best friends’ internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, and somatization). Sample consisted of 156 early adolescents (57.1% female; [Formula: see text] age = 12.62; SD = 0.62) involved in 78 same-sex best friendship dyads. We assessed best friendship (classroom) nominations at beginning (T1) and end (T2) of the school year. Results of longitudinal analyses performed with the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model indicated adolescents’ and their classroom best friends’ depressive symptoms predicted lower stability of best friendships over time, whereas best friends’ somatization emerged as a predictor of higher friendship stability. In addition, positive dyadic friendship quality predicted greater stability over time. These findings highlight the importance of employing a dyadic framework when examining the role of internalizing symptoms in friendship stability.
Reputation as a source of corporate social capital
Authors: Preston Lee E.
Published: April 2017

This note summarises key features of the concept of corporate social capital as it has been developed in the recent literature, and argues that corporate reputation is an important form and source of such capital. This argument contrasts sharply with much of the reputation literature of the last decade, which treats reputation either as a characteristic of the firm entirely different from its other features and resources, or as a composite index applying to all of them. We argue here that reputation is a form of capital in itself, created by investment and innovation, and – like other forms of capital – subject to risk, depreciation and obsolescence.
The relevance of emotional intelligence for leadership performance
Authors: Dulewicz Chris , Young Mike , Dulewicz Victor
Published: April 2017

Leadership and Emotional Intelligence have become hot topics in organisations and management in recent years. This study explores the relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Leadership and Job Performance of Officers and Ratings within the Royal Navy. In particular, the focus is on the three elements of the new Leadership Dimensions Questionnaire (LDQ) – Intellectual (‘IQ’), Emotional (‘EQ’) and Managerial (‘MQ’) Competencies. These are related to performance measures derived from formal performance appraisals.

Seven hypotheses were tested and all were fully or partially supported. Results showed that IQ, EQ and MQ were all related to overall performance and to Officer leadership appraisal, but not Ratings leadership appraisal. EQ made a greater contribution to overall performance, to Officer leadership appraisal and to all three leadership styles.
Theoretical Interplay of Resource Dependence and Institutional Theory in Context Bound Organisations
Authors: Mandrinos Symeon , Mahdi Nik Malini Nik
Published: April 2017

This conceptual study delves into the functional relationship between Resource Dependence and Institutional Theory. It describes, in particular, the interplay between resources and institutional settings on the one hand and organisations (context bound) on the other. This research reveals two paradoxical outcomes. First, context bound (Protected Designation of Origin or PDO) organisations are not necessarily resource dependent on specialised raw material producers due to the interplay between resources, home rivalry and finance; sidelining a robust relationship between resource producers and organisations. Second, institutions may not in some instances conform to institutional settings and adopt decoupling practices inappropriate to the environment by hampering the internationalisation of context bound organisations. This research which has an industry related focus shall in essence generate new insights for it attempts to lay a new foundation for future research in international business and context bound organisations therein.
The Mediating Role of Corporate Governance and Corporate Image on the CSR-FP Link
Authors: Hossain Md Moazzem , Alamgir Mohammed , Alam Manzurul
Published: April 2017

This study advances research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) through investigating the CSR-firm financial performance (FP) link. It develops a model based on legitimacy and institutional theories and considers two important intervening variables – corporate governance (CG) and corporate image (CI). The CSR practices are supposed to affect the CG codes and principles in different contexts, especially in developing countries. Empirical results, based on a sample of 155 firms in a developing country, support the link between CSR and FP; however, the effect is indirect while CG and CI fully mediate this link. The findings indicate that the CSR engagements help better governance practice and improve CI through establishing good internal controls and monitoring that ultimately enhance FP. The implications are valuable for academics, managers, and policy makers who are interested to measure the impact of intervening variables on the CSR-FP relationship.
Initial Job Choice in the Greater China Region
Authors: Ramasamy Bala , Rowley Chris , Yeung Matthew C. H.
Published: April 2017

Job application choice is influenced by job/organisational attributes, both traditional ones, such as salary, prospects, location, company type and newer ones, such as corporate social responsibility (CSR). To examine the varying importance of these and the impacts of location and gender for initial job applications, potential job applicants were surveyed who were about to join the jobs market based in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, often grouped together as the Greater China region. Using conjoint analysis of different job scenarios it is found that the importance of different job characteristics does vary across the region, although with no clear result regarding gender. The theoretical and practical implications of this work is discussed.
Coagglomeration Patterns in Portuguese Labour-intensive Industries: Complementarity and Specialisation Dynamics
Authors: Cesário Marisa
Published: April 2017

The aim of this paper is to analyse the patterns of industrial agglomeration in Portugal in order to understand their underlying dynamics. Industries tend to be concentrated geographically, rather than due to random causes, natural advantages or Marshallian forces. Empirically, industry pairwise coagglomeration is measured using the Ellison and Glaeser (1997) metric, with the goal of understanding the complementarity versus specialisation dynamics behind the industrial geographic concentration in Portugal. It is concluded that the most prominent industrial clusters in Portugal are as follows: textiles and clothing, footwear and transport, each one having a different agglomeration dynamic. While some sectors tend to benefit more from the interdependencies along the value chain (meaning vertical industrial relationships, related to complementary dynamics), others are more vulnerable to labour pooling (more to do with horizontal industrial relationships and specialisation dynamics), and others to both. For policymakers, for instance, it is of great use to know exactly the right triggers as the success of any programme results from the suitability of the initiatives being financially supported.
Developing high-tech companies in Singapore
Authors: Yahya Faizal , Chang Zhi Yang , Ng Yan Hao
Published: April 2017

This paper examines the deliberate state effort to develop specialised clusters and innovation systems, and identify the challenges and possible solutions in the process of developing and nurturing high-tech industries and companies in Singapore. Findings from the case studies indicate that companies born directly into high-tech industries or whose products and services have a high composition of high-tech elements are more optimistic about business prospects and tend to experience greater pace and scope of growth. They are able to leverage government support more effectively, and better benefit from resource sharing and spillover externalities generated by specialised cluster blocks (e.g. Block 71) and the innovation system present in Singapore. In view of these results, a review on government policy support for SMEs in innovation and development is critical. Companies should focus on identifying their core product strengths and leading business propositions and use them as the base to build up their innovation and technology capabilities.
The role of transformational leadership, entrepreneurial competence and technical competence on enterprise success of owner-managed SMEs
Authors: Ng Hee Song , Kee Daisy Mui Hung , Ramayah Thurasamy
Published: April 2017

As small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are regarded as the engine of job creation and economic growth, their development is still a primary focus for governments concerned with sustainable development. Although there is a plethora of literature on transformational leadership and competencies, the conceptualisation of transformational leadership, entrepreneurial competence, and technical competence for owner-managed SMEs remains elusive and under-researched. The possible impact of the combined effect of those factors on SMEs is also given little attention. This study hypothesises that three factors are crucial to the success of SMEs. Self-reported questionnaires were deployed to gather data from Malaysia SMEs using purposive sampling. Both the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation (SmartPLS) were used for data analysis and hypothesis testing. The findings revealed that the transformational leadership, entrepreneurial competence, and technical competence of owner-managers have a positive, significant and substantial impact on the success of SMEs. The theoretical and managerial implications are highlighted and discussed.
A practitioner's view of entrepreneurial competencies
Authors: Eng Teck Yong
Published: April 2017

Bernard Charnwut Chan grew up in Hong Kong and was educated in the United States. Bernard worked for an investment bank in New York before returning to Hong Kong to run his family's privately held investment company. Today, he is the President of both Asia Financial Holdings and Asia Insurance with a reputation as one of the financially strongest insurers in Hong Kong. He is also an advisor to Bangkok Bank (China) Co Ltd. Bernard is an accomplished entrepreneur with a proven track record of business successes as a founding chairman of Bank Consortium Trust, chairman of the Hong Kong-Thailand Business Council, and numerous elected positions in public office such as Deputy to National People's Congress. Bernard is a member of the governing board of the Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund in Hong Kong People's Republic of China. He also plays an active role in social policy areas concerning welfare, quality of life and education. Bernard serves as the chairperson of the Hong Kong Council of Social Service comprising of an umbrella group of welfare agencies. He played a part in the creation of Caring Company that provides a framework for creating partnerships between the business and welfare sectors.
The Bow Tie Shape of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament as Visualized by High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Sohn Kang Min , Lee Min Jin , Hong Helen , Yoon Young Cheol , Park Chan Deok , Wang Joon Ho
Published: April 2017

Background:

Although numerous studies have examined the anatomic characteristics of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), its actual shape remains unclear.

Purpose:

To determine the average shape of the ACL by analyzing its cross section through the use of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

The study included 96 MRIs, conducted using a 3.0-T magnet, to analyze the shape of the ACL. Three-dimensional, curved multiplanar reconstruction was used to obtain cross sections at 7 points (femoral insertion; midsubstance 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 from the femoral side to the tibial side; and tibial insertion). The width and thickness of cross sections were measured by 2 independent observers, and the ratio of width to thickness was calculated to determine the proportions of each cross section. The 7 cross sections were accumulated and standardized to generate an average model through the use of image analysis software developed by the authors.

Results:

The mean ± SD width (femoral insertion, 17.02 ± 2.17 mm; tibial insertion, 17.33 ± 2.03 mm) and thickness (femoral insertion, 11.03 ± 1.75 mm; tibial insertion, 10.09 ± 1.70 mm) of both insertions were significantly larger than those of midsubstance 4 (width, 9.99 ± 1.87 mm; thickness, 6.53 ± 1.25 mm) ( P < .001). The mean ratios of width to thickness of the 7 cross sections from femoral insertion to tibial insertion were 1.57 ± 0.23, 3.36 ± 0.57, 3.07 ± 0.81, 2.18 ± 0.54, 1.56 ± 0.32, 2.16 ± 0.48, and 1.75 ± 0.28, respectively. The shape of the cross section at midsubstance 4 was an oval isthmus, which was the most narrow and well-balanced shape. It was transformed into a wide band at midsubstance 1 and 5. The shape of the femoral insertion was semicircular, with its anterior side slightly straight and its posterior side convex. The tibial insertion was kidney bean–shaped.

Conclusion:

On 3.0-T MRI, the ACL has a “bow tie” shape, including an oval isthmus, with a semicircular femoral insertion and kidney bean–shaped tibial insertion.

Clinical Relevance:

The measurement method will allow surgeons to quantitatively diagnose partial injuries of the ACL using a noninvasive system in actual patients.
Knee Arthroscopic Surgery in Middle-Aged Patients With Meniscal Symptoms: A 3-Year Follow-up of a Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Gauffin Håkan , Sonesson Sofi , Meunier Andreas , Magnusson Henrik , Kvist Joanna
Published: April 2017

Background:

The optimal treatment for middle-aged patients with knee pain and meniscal lesions has been extensively debated. Most previous studies have revealed only short-term beneficial results of knee arthroscopic surgery. The authors have previously shown a positive benefit of knee arthroscopic surgery and an exercise program after 1 year when compared with an exercise program alone.

Purpose:

To evaluate if knee arthroscopic surgery combined with an exercise program provided an additional long-term benefit after 3 years compared with an exercise program alone in middle-aged patients with meniscal symptoms.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Of 179 eligible patients, aged 45 to 64 years, 150 were randomized to (1) a 3-month exercise program (nonsurgery group) or (2) the same as group 1 plus knee arthroscopic surgery within 4 weeks (surgery group). The primary outcome was the change in the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscore of pain between baseline and the 3-year follow-up. Results from the 1-year follow-up have been published previously.

Results:

Both treatment groups improved significantly in the KOOS pain subscore at 3 years’ follow-up in the intention-to-treat and as-treated analyses ( P < .001). The between-group difference for the change in the KOOS pain subscore between baseline and the 3-year follow-up was no longer statistically significant, neither in the intention-to-treat analysis (7.6 points; 95% CI, –0.6 to 15.9; P = .068) nor in the as-treated analysis (5.3 points; 95% CI, –3.1 to 13.8; P = .216). The factorial analysis of the effect of the intervention and age, onset of pain, and mechanical symptoms indicated that older patients improved more, regardless of treatment, and surgery may be more beneficial for patients without mechanical symptoms (as-treated analysis). The effect of the predictive factors on the KOOS pain subscore was uncertain because of the small sample size in the subgroup analyses.

Conclusion:

The benefit of knee arthroscopic surgery, seen at 1 year in middle-aged patients with meniscal symptoms, was diminished at 3 years and was no longer statistically significant.

Clinical Relevance:

Knee arthroscopic surgery may be beneficial for middle-aged patients with meniscal symptoms in addition to an exercise program. Older age and absence of mechanical symptoms should not be contraindications to surgery.

Registration:

NCT01288768 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)
Parent and Patient Perceptions of Functional Impairment Due to Tourette Syndrome: Development of a Shortened Version of the Child Tourette Syndrome Impairment Scale
Authors: Barfell Kara S. Francis , Snyder Ryan R. , Isaacs-Cloes Kelly M. , Garris Jordan F. , Roeckner Alyssa R. , Horn Paul S. , Guthrie Michael D. , Wu Steve W. , Gilbert Donald L.
Published: April 2017

The Child Tourette Syndrome Impairment Scale (CTIM) rates 37 problems in school, social, and home domains separately for tics and for comorbid diagnoses. However, a shorter version would be easier to implement in busy clinics. Using published data from 85 children with Tourette syndrome, 92 controls, and parents, factor analysis was used to generate a “mini-CTIM” composed of 12 items applied to tic and comorbid diagnoses. Child- and parent-rated mini-CTIM scores were compared and correlated across raters and accounting for clinician-rated tic severity and presence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The mini-CTIM achieved domain Cronbach alphas ranging from 0.71 to 0.94 and intra-item correlation coefficients ranging from 0.84 to 0.96. The resulting scale correlated with clinician-rated tic severity and reflected the presence of ADHD and OCD. The mini-CTIM appears promising as a practical assessment tool for tic- and non–tic-related impairment in children with Tourette syndrome.