bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hazardous aerosol emissions during agriculture biomass burning season in Son La and Ba Vi regions, Vietnam
Authors: Popovicheva Olga B. , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Engling Guenter , Anh Nguyen Xuan
Published: May 2020

Major national emission sources are assessed by characterization of smoke pollution arising due to traditional agriculture, domestic, and cooking activities in the regions of the biggest biomass burning. Measurement campaigns were carried in Son La and Ba Vi regions, Vietnam, during the dry seasons of 2013 and 2015-2016. PM and BC monitoring, aerosol sampling, chemical speciation were conducted to evaluate ambient smoke level, to relate the characteristics of local on-field emissions to regional aerosols, and to identify the dangerous components of smoke composition. The regions Son La and Ba Vi in February-June faced severe levels of air pollution, with critical PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations up to 130 and 167 µg/m3, respectively, significantly exceeding the air quality standards. A wide range of PM mass concentrations was categorized according to the smoke level, supported by the evolution of carbon (OC, EC) fractions as well as ionic species and molecular markers. The level of PM and BC concentrations was seen to be dependent on factors such as weather conditions and precipitation. Non-acid carbonyls, carboxylates, and aliphatic carbon compounds were evolved with increasing smoke intensity, together with carbonates in coarse size fractions, indicating a large impact of smoke emissions and soil lifted up by the intense fires. On-field emissions in both smoldering and flaming phases were assessed in near-source measurements.
Evaluation of wind characteristics in Bac Lieu in 2016 using the weibull function
Authors: Thanh Pham Xuan , Anh Nguyen Xuan , Luu Le Van , Nguyen Hiep Van , Son Hoang Hai , Khuong Pham Le , Thuy Do Ngoc
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the characteristics of wind speed at 20 m height at the Bac Lieu atmospheric physic station (Bac Lieu station) in 2016 were evaluated using the Weibull distribution function. The wind speed data set (every minute) from January 7th  to December 31st, 2016 was used to calculate the two parameters of  Weibull function including Weibull shape factor “k” and Weibull scale factor “c”. The results showed that at the Bac Lieu station in 2016, the values of k and c were 1.69 and 3.91, respectively. Some characteristics of wind speed were also estimated such as wind energy density (Pa/A=57.3 W/m2), wind speed of maximum energy carrier (Vmec=6.2 m/s), the most probable wind speed (Vmp=2.3 m/s), mean wind speed (Vmean­=3.5 m/s)  and standard deviation of wind speeds (s = 2.1 m/s).
The simulation of aerosol Lidar developed at the Institute of Geophysics
Authors: Tuan A. D. , Anh N. X. , Hung T. P.
Published: May 2020

Lidar is an active remote-sensing system that uses laser radiation in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared wavelength domain. It allows the measurement of the physical properties of the atmosphere with spatial and temporal resolution. We have simulated the system and researched the initial design of the Lidar system to monitor the aerosol with the main parameters: high power Nd - YAG pulse laser emitted at the 532 nm wavelength. The system includes 28 cm diameter optical glass, photomultiplier tube (PMT) - H6780-03 photodetector, and optical components for convergence and filtering of reflected reflections. Initial measurements show that the Lidar system is highly sensitive, which determines important atmospheric properties such as the distribution and physical properties of the aerosol and height of ABL (atmospheric boundary layer).
Special approaches of engineering-geophysical operations at high level of industrial noise
Authors: N. Antonovskaya G. , Lu Ngo Thi , K. Kapustian N. , M. Basakina I. , Y. Afonin N. , V. Danilov A. , A. Moshkunov K. , Hang Phung Thi Thu
Published: May 2020

The capabilities of the complex of seismic methods, which are suitable for inspecting of large strategic objects are presented. In this paper next tasks for the dam investigation and the upper part of the section of its area were considered: probing of the construction state of the dam; characterization of the dam connection to the river banks; identification of possible tears in the proximity of a day surface; identification of possible soil state changes that are caused by technogenic-originating impact or geologic processes.
Geoelectrical investigations on coastal aquifers to assess the saline water intrusion in Nghi Son, Thanh Hoa
Authors: Vu Nguyen Trong , Duan Nguyen Ba , Tung Tran Dinh
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the results of geoelectrical investigations for delineation of the aquifers and determination the hydrogeological situation of the water bearing in Nghi Son economic zone. Following the geophysical investigations and the stratification of geological formation, the boundary between fresh and saline water is determined in study area. The geoelectrical measurements indicate that the saline water intrusion within the Pleistocene aquifer occurs along the coastline of the Northeast part of Nghi Son economic zone. The values of formation resistivity below 20 Ωm imply that the water bearing is brackish or saline water. The geophysical results are corresponding to borehole nearby profiles. The geoelectrical methods have proved to be appropriate tools to investigate 2D geological structure in the coastal areas that have low resistivity of subsurface.
The results of deep magnetotelluric sounding for studying the Nha Trang - Tanh Linh fault
Authors: Son Vo Thanh , Minh Le Huy , Phuong Nguyen Hong , Marquis Guy , Thanh Nguyen Ha , Nam Vu Dao , Vinh Nguyen Ba , Quyen Dao Van , Thang Nguyen Chien , Viet Nguyen Hong
Published: May 2020

The profile of deep magnetotelluric sounding (MT) from Duc Trong - Tuy Phong has been carried out in Lam Dong and Binh Thuan  provinces. The length of the Duc Trong - Tuy Phong profile is about 80 km with 15 stations and the distance between the stations measures about 5 km. Two-dimensional MT inversion was used to find a resistivity model that fits the data. The 2D resistivity model allows determining position and development formation of the Nha Trang - Tanh Linh  fault. This is the deep fault, which is showed by the boundaries of remarkable change of resistivity. In the near surface of the Earth (from ground to the depth of 6 km), the angle of inclination of this fault is about 60o; in the next part, the direction of the Nha Trang - Tanh Linh  faut is vertical. Geoelectrical section of the Nha Trang - Tanh Linh  profile shows that the resistivity of mid-crust is higher than that of lower-crust and of upper-crust.
Interpretation of gravity anomaly data using the wavelet transform modulus maxima
Authors: Chanh Tin Duong Quoc , Hieu Dau Duong , Xuan Vinh Tran
Published: May 2020

Recently, the continuous wavelet transform has been applied for analysis of potential field data, to determine accurately the position for the anomaly sources and their properties. For gravity anomaly of adjacent sources, they always superimpose upon each other not only in the spatial domain but also in the frequency domain, making the identification of these sources significantly problematic. In this paper, a new mother wavelet function for effective analysis of the locations of the close potential field sources is used. By theoretical modeling, using the wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) method, the relative function between the wavelet scale factor and the depth of gravity source is set up. In addition, the scale parameter normalization in the wavelet coefficients is reconstructed to enhance resolution for the separation of these sources in the scalogram, getting easy detection of their depth. After verifying the reliability of the proposed method on the theoretical models, a process for the location of the adjacent gravity sources using the wavelet transform is presented, and then applied for analyzing the gravity data in the Mekong Delta. The results of this interpretation are consistent with previously published results, but the level of resolution for this technique is quite coincidental with other methods using different geological data.
International geophysical year (1957-1958) and geophysics of Vietnam for period 1957-1968
Authors: Luu Le Van
Published: May 2020

During the “International Geophysical Year 1957-1958”, the Vietnam National Committee of International Geophysical Year had been established. In 1957, the Polish Academy of Sciences supported equipment and helped to establish the geophysical observatories in Sapa, Lao Cai and Phu Lien, Hai Phong, Vietnam. At these stations, measurements on geomagnetics, atmosphere, atmospheric physics, atmospheric radioactive contamination, and seismics, etc. have been being operated. From 1960s to now, many research results using observed data at these stations have been published in Poland and Vietnam.
Group velocity estimation of Rayleigh wave of crust and upper mantle based on the broadband seismic data in Vietnam East Sea
Authors: Tien Hung Nguyen , Thi Giang Ha , Le Minh Nguyen , Tanaka Satoru , Ishihara Yasushi , Vinh Long Ha , Quang Khoi Le
Published: May 2020

In this study, the Rayleigh wave group velocity (Vgr) of Vietnam East Sea is determined by using 36,195 broadband velocity seismograms recorded by 95 seismic stations from 381 events with magnitude larger than 6.0, depth lower than 100 km, from 2000 to 2016 and applying the multiple filter analysis, integrated into Computer Program Seismology (CPS) by Herrmann and Ammon (2002). Using 2,600 high quality dispersion curves of Vrg passing through the Vietnam East Sea, the results show that: (i) The dispersion curves of Vgr in the continent region have the function graph of grade 3 with a minimum (at Vrg ≈ 2.8 km/s; T = 20 - 26 s) and a maximum (at Vrg ≈ 3.9 km/s; T = 50 - 90 s) and the dispersion curves of Vgr in the ocean have the function graph of grade 2 with a maximum (≈ 3.9 km/s; T = 40 - 90 s); (ii) At the period lower than 40s, the Vrg in Vietnam East Sea is from 2.8 km/s to 4.0 km/s and reaches a maximum at the center area; (iii) At the period over 50s, the Vrg in Vietnam East Sea is from 3.2 km/s to 4.2 km/s and the low Vgr area appears along the Red river, Con Co island, Dai Loan island, Visayas, Philippines and Borneo island.
Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics - 30 years for studying geology and geophysics in the marine zones of Vietnam and Eastern Sea
Authors: Que Bui Cong
Published: May 2020

Geological and geophysical investigation and study in the marine zones of Vietnam and Eastern Sea, its application in the mineral exploration, for natural disaster and hazard prevention, environment and resource protection, for sea and island management, marine economic development, sea defence and security is the important, main and long-term tasks of the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics. For last 30 years, the institute has a leading role for conducting a numerous projects of national and international programs of marine research and investigation in the marine zones of Vietnam and Eastern Sea. The obtained results and achievements include  big, abundant, up to date databases, newest and detailed schemes and maps, valuable published papers, books, and contributions on characteristics of geophysical fields, deep crustal structure, seabed sediment and environment, geological structure and tectonic evolution, seismotectonics and earthquake, tsunami hazard assessment, mineral potential and perspective evaluation. Results of study on geophysical fields, deep crustal structure, seabed topography and geomorphology have been used for determination of outer limits of continental shelf of Vietnam in the Eastern Sea. Big part of the results was gained from research and investigation projects conducted in the Truong Sa and Hoang Sa areas. On the basis of the obtained achievements, some special tasks are proposed to continue conducting the geological and geophysical research and investigation in the sea of Vietnam and adjacent areas.
Research on effects of geo-hydrodynamics on topographic changes in the estuary of Cua Dai, Quang Nam province
Authors: Cham Dao Dinh , Minh Nguyen Quang , Son Nguyen Thai , Dung Tran Tuan
Published: May 2020

Accretion and erosion processes recorded in the estuary of Cua Dai, Quang Nam province from 2014 to present have directly affected the issues of flooding drainage system, waterway traffic, aquaculture and seafood exploitation services. These have been drawing special attentions of national and international scientists. So far, several solutions are implemented to overcome these problems such as concreted embankments or dredging operations of the channel to open the sea. The solutions, however, are just temporary to solve immediate situations but not long-term. As a result of passive solutions, the shoreline is still seriously eroded and then the estuary of Cua Dai is re-accreted. Annually, Vietnam government and local offices still spend a large budget and time for recovering and minimizing the effects of such catastrophes without long-term effectiveness. One of the main causes of erosion and accretion of the Cua Dai estuary is hydrodynamic factors and the complex of sediment transportation. The results show that the northeast waves with high frequency and intensity in combination with floods during the Northeast monsoon are considered to be main causes. The accretion of estuary and formation of “Dinosaur island” in front of Cua Dai estuary is partly due to the combined sediment sources caused by the nearshore currents of northeast waves from the north direction and from the river by floods, especially the historical flood event in November, 2017.
Recent geodynamic characteristics of the Southern Central coast and the relations with geological hazards
Authors: Thanh Bui Nhi , Luong Nguyen Van , Hung Duong Quoc , Diep Nguyen Van , Dong Mai Duc
Published: May 2020

Recent geodynamic characteristics of the Southern Central coast are analyzed on the basis of vertical and horizontal displacement velocities along active fault zones. The horizontal displacement velocity varies in magnitude from this fault system to another fault system, from 0.11–0.3 mm/year on the strike-slip - normal faults to 0–0.058 mm/year on the strike-slip faults and normal faults. The subsidence velocity changes complicatedly, different from one fault to another fault, depending on the mechanism of faults. On the continental shelf, most of the values of high subsidence’s velocity are related to the normal and strike-slip faults. Subsidence activities make the sea level increase highly, the subsidence activity makes the sea level rise at structures that fall close to the shore, reach about 0.2–0.48 mm/year in late Pleistocene - Holocene. The increase of sea level directly affects the intensity of erosion, flood, salinity and land loss events in coastal lowlands. Slippage of the seabed, earthquakes, volcanoes are geological hazards directly related to the geodynamic regime of the Southern Central coast.
Application of satellite images and VNREDSAT-1 images in study on marine environment in Truong Sa region
Authors: Cuong Do Huy , Anh Bui Thi Bao , Tung Nguyen Xuan , Luan Nguyen The , Nam Le Dinh , Hung Pham Duc , Nhan Nguyen Thi , Loi Tran Xuan
Published: May 2020

The remote sensing images, including images of MODIS, VNREDSAT-1 and altimeter, are applied for researching marine environment with the different resolutions. On the basis of different time remote sensing images, we concentrated on the assessment of several characteristics including the SST, chlorophyll-a concentration and sea surface current at the different depths in different monsoons as well. With the large areas, we used the images of MODIS and altimeter. The detailed research area focuses on the Nam Yet island, and the images of VNREDSAT-1 are used. The analysis method of environmental parameters of SST and chlorophyll-a used the regression functions based on the single and combined bands to enhance the accuracy of the analysis result. The marine parameters collected at different depths in the latest field surveys on Truong Sa archipelago in the years of 2015 and 2018 are presented in this paper. On the basis of these parameters, we can analyse the relationships and compare the real field survey data and corresponding results interpreted from remote sensing images.
Study on spatial distribution of coral reefs in Nam Yet island by using GIS and remote sensing techniques
Authors: Tung Nguyen Xuan , Cuong Do Huy , Anh Bui Thi Bao , Nhan Nguyen Thi , Luan Nguyen The , Hung Pham Duc
Published: May 2020

Research and application of GIS and remote sensing techniques combined with field survey in coastal areas of Nam Yet island had been carried out to establish the distribution map of submarine habitats. Depth-invariant index was used to correct water column’s effects on spectral reflectance of each habitat. The results of satellite image classification showed that area with well-developed coral at great depths accounted for 12%, area with well-developed coral at small depths accounted for 9%, area with poorly-developed coral accounted for 13%, dead coral area accounted for 15% and area of sand, grit, pebbles and weathered coral accounted for 51%. The assessment after classification showed that the overall accuracy of the satellite image interpretation process was 94% and the kappa coefficient was 0.93.
Application of remote sensing and GIS for assessing the level of change of land use status in the coast of Ngoc Hien district (Ca Mau province) due to the impact of sea level rise
Authors: Hong Pham Viet , Tuan Tran Anh , Nguyet Nguyen Thi Anh
Published: May 2020

Today, environmental hazards and challenges are no longer confined to the national or regional scale but on the global scale. One of the biggest challenges for humanity is the natural disasters, global warming and sea level rise. The natural disasters causing serious consequences for human life, such as: Storms, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, desertification, high tides... increase in frequency, intensity and scale. In recent years, Ca Mau province as well as coastal provinces of Vietnam is under great influence due to the impacts of climate change. One of the most affected districts in Ca Mau province is Ngoc Hien district. The district has a geographic location with three sides bordering the sea, one side bordering the river, a completely isolated terrain. The terrain is flat, strongly divided by the system of natural rivers and canals and intertwined canals, so it is constantly flooded by the sea. Ngoc Hien district is characterized by a sub-equatorial monsoon climate, directly affected by irregular semi-diurnal regime. The main purpose of the paper is to assess coastal vulnerability due to the impact of climate change over time with GIS-based remote sensing images. Remote sensing data with multi-time characteristics, collected in many periods and covering a wide area is an effective tool for monitoring shoreline fluctuations in particular and land use status of the study area in general.
Occurrence features of Rip current at Ha My (Dien Ban district) and Tam Thanh (Tam Ky city) beaches, Quang Nam province
Authors: Mau Le Dinh , Tuan Nguyen Van , Cong Nguyen Chi , Binh Tran Van , Trung Pham Ba , Hoan Pham Sy , Hoang Ngo Quang Bao , Tuyen Phan Thi Ha
Published: May 2020

Rip current is a relatively strong, narrow current flowing outward from the beach through the surf zone and presenting a hazard to swimmers. This paper presents some occurrence features of Rip current at main swimming beaches in Quang Nam province, Central Vietnam. Study results show that most of swimming beaches along Quang Nam province coast are directly opposed to open sea and strongly affected by swell. Therefore, Rip current system can occur at any time in the year with large dimension and intensity. During Northeast monsoon (November to March) beach morphology is considerably changed by strong wave action, thus the strongest rip current is formed. However, in this period careful swimmers can easily identify where that rip current occurs along the beach. During the transition period from Northeast monsoon to Southwest monsoon (April to May) wave energy is reduced, thus Rip current intensity is also decreased. During Southwest monsoon (June to August) wave energy is not strong and beach is accreted, therefore some Rip currents remain at reasonable morphology places along the beach. During the transition period from Southwest monsoon to Northeast monsoon (September to October) Rip current can occur at deep places along the beach with characteristics of narrow dimension, thus causing more danger to swimmer. Especially, dangerous rip current is caused by swell which comes from active region of tropical cyclone in open sea. In this period wave field in the nearshore region is not rough, thus most of swimmers are not cautious when swimming at dangerous rip current places.
Geo-chemical fractionations of arsenic and lead in the surface sediments of Thuy Trieu lagoon, Khanh Hoa province
Authors: Phu Le Hung , Ha Dao Viet , Ngoc Pham Hong , Thu Nguyen Hong , Dung Le Trong , Linh Vo Tran Tuan
Published: May 2020

The sequential extraction method of Tessier et al. was applied to identify the phase associations of As and Pb in the surface sediment of Thuy Trieu lagoon. The results showed that these two metals were mainly found in the residual fractions. Meanwhile, the carbonate fractions stayed at the lowest portions. Levels of arsenic and lead as Fe-Mn oxide fractions were higher than those as organic fractions and exchangeable fractions. Exchangeable fractions and carbonate fractions of two elements seemed to increase in rainy season. Generally, the mobility of Pb was higher than that of As. In the sediments of Thuy Trieu lagoon, Pb levels cannot currently cause adverse effects on the ecosystems. On the contrary, the risk of As was assessed as moderate level.
Coral reef fishes in the banks and rocky islands in the offshore waters of Binh Thuan province
Authors: Dat Mai Xuan
Published: May 2020

Binh Thuan province is located in the South Central Coast of Vietnam with favorable conditions for living coral reefs. The coral reefs were mainly investigated in coastal water areas and Phu Quy island, meanwhile other areas such as the banks and rocky islands seem to lack information. This study was conducted to evaluate the species composition and distribution of coral reef fish communities in the Royal Bishop banks and around rocky islands in Julia shoal in the offshore waters of Binh Thuan province in April 2019. A total of 151 species belonging to 86 genera and 33 families of coral reef fishes were recorded. Among them, 4 species for the first time recorded in Vietnam are Helcogramma striata (Hansen, 1986) (Tripterygiidae), Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Peters, 1855) (Serranidae), Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801) and Coris aygula (Lacepède, 1801) (Labridae). The total average density of coral reef fish in the offshore waters of Binh Thuan is quite high at 1,104.9 ± 617 individuals/250 m2, most of them are small sized fish and ornamental fish group, the large sized fish and target fish group accounts for a relatively low rate, but their density here is much higher compared to that in the coastal waters of Binh Thuan province. The comparative analysis also shows that sites in coral reef around rocky islands have species richness and density of coral reef fish higher than the bank area.
Reproductive behavior and larval development of the striped blenny Meiacanthus grammistes
Authors: Kien Nguyen Trung , Zeng Chaoshu
Published: May 2020

This study aims to describe aspects of reproductive behavior and larval development for the striped blenny, Meiacanthus grammistes. Altogether 8 broodstock fish (8.5 cm to 10 cm) were maintained in two 400 l tanks. The first spawning occurred 45 days in one tank and 65 days in another tank after fish acquisition. Egg clutches were only found attached to inside walls of the 50 mm capped PVC pipes with a single 25 mm reduce entry hole while the male took full responsibility for egg care. The fish spawned routinely every 8–10 days in both tanks throughout experimental period. The fecundity ranged from 500–4,200 eggs per spawning with an average of 1837 ± 1197 eggs/clutch. Newly extruded eggs were spherical and incubation period lasted 203–207 h at 27 ± 1oC. Newly hatched larvae measured 3.11 ± 0.14 mm in standard length (SL) and 0.87 ± 0.08 mm in body depth (BD) with average mouth-gape height and width at 272.42 ± 61.03 µm and 187.50 ± 36.46 µm, respectively. Under such a feeding regime, most of larvae had settled out water column onto the bottom around 23 DPH but not yet displayed the full colouration pattern of adults. In period of 24 to 29 DPH, the colouration pattern developed with alternating black and yellow stripes running through the entire length of body and the newly settled juvenile measured 12.91 ± 0.35 mm in SL and 3.36 ± 0.12 mm in BD around 30 DPH.
Chemical composition and major volatile compounds of the hydrolyzed product from Kappaphycus alvarezii by-products using flavourzyme
Authors: Anh Nguyen Phuong , Ky Pham Xuan , Ha Dao Viet , Ha Dao Viet , Hong Nguyen Thu , Hy Le Ho Khanh , Thiet Doan Thi , Vy Phan Bao
Published: May 2020

The chemical composition of flavourzyme hydrolysis product from Kappaphycus alvarezii by-products was analyzed. The results showed that the protein hydrolysate powder had high content of proteins (21.66%) and low content of lipids (0.22%). Hydrolyzed products contained about 15 free amino acids with relatively high content of some amino acids such as aspartic acid (1,879 mg/100 g), glutamic acid (1,813 mg/100 g), glycine (1,121 mg/100 g), tyrosine (1,203 mg/100 g) ) and serine (3,165 mg/100 g). In addition, main volatile flavor compounds such as acetophenone; nonanal; indole; 2.4-di-tert-butylphenol; heptadecane; 6.10.14- trimethylpentadecan-2-one have also been discovered. As a result, the by-products of K. alvarezii take a potential role in the food industry.
Studies on the variability of upwelling system in the South Central Vietnam waters under the impact of ENSO events and its impact on hydrographic conditions of the Ninh Thuan-Binh Thuan waters
Authors: Chung Tran Van , Long Bui Hong
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we have exploited and analyzed data from HYCOM + NCODA Global 1/12.5o Reanalysis database in the period of 20 years from 1993 to 2012 and from 2013–8/2016 for the data assimilation of the HYCOM + NCODA Global 1/12° Reanalysis - for 22 depth layers in the East Sea area. The research results show that there are changes in the upwelling phenomenon and hydrological structure in the Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan waters under the influence of ENSO phenomenon as follows: La Niña can degrade and eliminate the upwelling phenomenon. In the waters of Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan when upwelling phenomenon occurs, it often manifests itself in the rapid decline of seawater temperature and rapid increase in seawater salinity in the depth layer of 50–100 m. The research results also show that in the East Sea region in 2010, during the Southwest monsoon season (July 2010), the phenomenon of downwelling occurred quite strongly in the middle of the Hoang Sa archipelago and the west of the Philippines and expanded toward southeast part of Hainan island. The cause of this special dynamic phenomenon may be due to the influence of the wind regime (average wind stress in July 2010).
Some scientific issues related to biological resource use and management toward sustainable development of marine economy in the costal provinces in South Central Vietnam
Authors: Tuan Vo Si , Long Nguyen Van
Published: May 2020

Based on referring recent target scientific issues related to sustainable development in the world and considering practices of economic development in the provinces of South Central Vietnam, some issues were selected for analyses in terms of concepts, needs and orientations applicable to the region. They include, inter alia: Economic valuation of marine ecosystems; Important levels of habitats in coastal ecosystems; Rehabilitation and restoration of degraded resources; Natural hazards - prevention and resilience; Marine protected areas and fisheries enhancement; Deoxygenation in marine environment and economic losses in fisheries.
Distribution of heavy metals and organic in the clam culture areas at Binh Dai, Ba Tri, Thach Phu in Ben Tre province
Authors: Dung Le Trong , Thu Nguyen Hong , Phu Le Hung , Ngoc Pham Hong , Ha Dao Viet
Published: May 2020

The paper presents the contents of metals and organic in the surface sediments (5–10 cm) at the submerged clam culture areas in Ben Tre province. The metal samples were digested by nitric acid 10% and analyzed by ICP-MS method, total organic matters (HC) were determined by the burning method at 500oC. The results showed that the content of Zn ranged from 22.4 to 48.1 µg/g, Cu: 3.3–25.1 µg/g, Pb: 7.3–27.8 µg/g, As: 1.1–4.7 µg/g, Cd: 0.1–0.4 µg/g, Ni: 8.3–4.5 µg/g, Co: 7.3–11.9 µg/g, Cr: 5.8–15.3 µg/g, Fe: 0.8–1.74 µg/g and organic: 1.2–8.4%. The contents of all elements in the sediment in the canals were much higher than in the clam culture areas at the river mouths. The concentrations of metals in clam culture areas were lower than threshold effect levels (TEL) according to Canadian standards.
Recent use of habitat service value for tourism and impacts on coral reefs in the target destinations in Southern Vietnam
Authors: Ben Hoang Xuan , Tuan Vo Si
Published: May 2020

Coral reef-based tourism has developed quickly in Southern Vietnam, taking into account the target locations namely Cu Lao Cham islands, Nha Trang bay, Ninh Thuan and Phu Quoc islands during last decade. Among them, Nha Trang bay had longer history of marine tourism, starting with inshore development and expanding to islands in and around the bay. Tourist activities in Cu Lao Cham islands and Ninh Thuan were developed in linkages with MPA development and management. Meanwhile, Phu Quoc had become a new destination and drawn huge investments for extensive development of tourism in the islands. Economic value that was brought from use of coral reefs for tourism has increased significantly. For example, the payment of entry fee to Cu Lao Cham MPA has quickly increased year by year, reaching approximately 700,000 USD in 2018 and that in Ninh Thuan around 50,000 in 2017 and up to 200,000 USD in 2018. Reclamation for infrastructure building on inshore land and islands was considered as a serious impact, resulting in loss of terrestrial and underwater habitats (e.g. loss of Melaleuca forest in Phu Quoc islands or seagrass beds and coral reefs in Nha Trang bay) and increased sediment loading to coral reefs. Overexploitation of living resources for high food and souvenir demands occurred at all areas, leading to modification of communities, poorness and uncertainty for resource recruitment. Among these tree areas, Phu Quoc waters are the most vulnerable to coral bleaching due to increased surface temperature with records of mass bleaching in 2010 and 2016. Although MPAs existed in all study areas, role of conservationists in developing coral reef tourism was significantly considerable only in Cu Lao Cham case but poor in others. Local managers and businesses should pay more attention to sustainability in order to ensure not only coral reef conservation but also long-term benefits of local communities and tourist sector itself.
Species composition and distribution characteristic of seaweeds on seagrass beds in Phu Quoc island
Authors: Hieu Nguyen Trung , Ben Hoang Xuan , Dat Mai Xuan
Published: May 2020

Seagrass beds in Phu Quoc are a favorable environment for seaweed development (bottom-living and epiphytic species). The surveys at 18 sites along the coastal line in Phu Quoc island showed that 69 species belonging to 4 phyla of seaweed were recorded on seagrass beds in Phu Quoc island. Among them, there are 27 species of Rhodophytes (comprising 37% of total species), 19 Chlorophytes (28%), 16 Ochrophytes (24%) and 7 Cyanobacteriophytes (11%). We identified 12 species of epiphytic algae including three species on seagrass and nine species on both seagrass and the substratum. The characteristics of substratum may play an important role for diversity and distribution of the bottom-living seaweed. For epiphytic algae on bigger size seagrass, the diversity of epiphytic species on the top of seagrass leaf is higher than on the root and other parts of leaf.
Diversity of phytoplankton in lower Thu Bon river and Cu Lao Cham
Authors: Duyen Huynh Thi Ngoc , Luom Phan Tan , Van Tran Thi Le , Hue Tran Thi Minh , Lam Nguyen Ngoc , Hai Doan Nhu
Published: May 2020

Data on characteristics of phytoplankton communities is important scientific information in marine ecosystem, especially in assessment of environmental impacts on biodiversity in a specific waters. In the present study, two-year phytoplankton data was analyzed for species diversity, community structure changes and variation in 4 adjacent waters:  Lower Thu Bon river  (TB), transition waters (CT), Cu Lao Cham island (CLC) and offshore site (BM) to provide basic scientific data of phytoplankton communities, compare and assess seasonal changes and possible linkage of these adjacent waters. A total of 364 phytoplankton taxa of 12 classes were identified, showing high diversity and with seasonal variation of the investigated waters. There was strong difference of phytoplankton communities among the adjacent waters with low similarity index and the change of dominant species seasonally in each area. The species richness and diversity in the lower Thu Bon river were lower than in other areas. Variation of phytoplankton abundance and diversity along the river transect showed changes in species composition between the dry and rainy seasons but with similar trend in abundance. The low community similarity between the adjacent waters and the transition waters may indicate low impacts of river flow on phytoplankton communities in the coastal waters.
The capability of organic matter decomposition and nutrient uptake in coastal waters of Ca Na bay, Ninh Thuan province
Authors: Du Hoang Trung , Hieu Nguyen Trinh Duc
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on the capability of organic matter decomposition and inorganic nutrient uptake in the coastal waters of Ca Na bay (Ninh Thuan province) in October, 2018 (the rainy season) and May, 2019 (the dry season).  The results of laboratory experiments on organic decomposition, photosynthesis and nutrient uptake showed that the BODgh and the average values of k- decay rate in coastal waters of the surveyed area are higher in the rainy season compared with the dry season, with the average BODgh values of 5.474 mgO2/l and 4.768 mgO2/l respectively, and the corresponding k-values of 0.183 day-1 and 0.143 day-1. Howver, the half-life decay of organic matter is lower in the rainy season than in the dry season, with the corresponding values of 5.110 days and 5.571 days. In the studied area, the photosynthesis of phytoplankton strongly absorbs nitrate (NO3-), followed by ammonium (NH4+) and phosphate (PO43-). The capability of nutrient uptake for nitrogen and phosphorus components was 9.17 mgN/m3/hour and 0.92 mgP/m3/hour, respectively in the dry season; and 7.31 mgN/m3/hour and 0.63 mgP/m3/hour in the rainy season. The results of the study are favorable condition for calculating the environmental capacity in the coastal waters of Ca Na bay in the future.
Zooplankton biodiversity in the biosphere reserve of Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An, 2015–2016
Authors: Truong Trinh Si Hai , Nguyen Vinh Tam
Published: May 2020

Zooplankton samples in the biosphere reserve of Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An were collected at 20 stations belonging to 3 ecosystems: Mangrove palm - seagrass, transition area and coral reef in rainy season (11/2015) and dry season (6/2016) to determine biodiversity of the biosphere reserve of Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An.  161 species belonging to 16 zooplankton groups were recognized, copepoda was a dominant group with 92 species, followed by cladocera (15 species) and tunicata (13 species). Mangrove palm - sea grass had a different zooplankton structure compared with transition area and coral reef with a lower number of species and similarity index about 40%. The average density of zooplankton in study areas in dry season (24,559 ± 24,700 inds.m-3) were 4 times higher than in rainy season (6,124 ± 6.554 inds.m-3) and dominated by copepoda. The euryhaline cladocera (Bosmina longirostris), freshwater cladocera (Ceriodaphnia rigaudi) and freshwater copepoda (Microcyclops varicans) were dominant in mangrove palm - seagrass ecosystem. Meanwhile, in coral reef ecosystem, the small copepods (genus Oncaea, Oithona) and Tunicata were dominant. Biodiversity indices were low in mangrove - palm and increase from transition area to coral reef ecosystem.
Study and application of Symphonie model to compute the hydrodynamic processes in the East Sea
Authors: Thai To Duy , Long Bui Hong
Published: May 2020

Hydrodynamic processes in the East Sea have been studied by many Vietnamese and foreign scientists applying the models as advanced tools with low cost and spatial and temporal synchronized dataset to serve their research. However, applying the model to study variability of small and medium structures with very high resolution (a few kilometers) is still challenge for scientists. With the advantages of high quality real-time data, open source hydrodynamic model, and the support from high performance computer (HPC) systems, we have step by step studied and developed the numerical model for study on hydrodynamic fields in the East Sea. The model was validated with high resolution satellite data as well as in-situ data from the ARGO and research vessels. Initial results of the simulation are very good for the surface seawater temperature (SST) field in the East Sea.
Universities of China: Current Status and Global Development Strategy Until 2035
Authors: Guruleva Tatiana
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Now China is completing the “State program for medium and long-term reform and development of education for 2010–2020.” The results achieved during the implementation of this program and the new strategy for the development of China’s education, including in the field of higher education and higher education institutions, are becoming a new subject of research in domestic science and require careful study. The purpose of the study is to characterize the current state of Chinese universities and identify a strategy for their development until 2035. Methods and materials. As research methods, analysis of open data sources and comparative analysis were used. The source base includes regulatory documents of the People’s Republic of China in the field of education (laws, the state program and state projects), CPC documents related to the development of the education system (reports of the party congress and plenum), information resources of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (National Statistical Reports on Education Development for 2016–2018), data from QS World University Rankings and Times Higher Education World University Rankings for the period 2016–2020. Analysis. As a result of the reform, the gross enrollment ratio of high school education (10–12 grades) increased from 79.2% (2009) to 88.8% (2018), and higher education from 24.2% (2009) to 48.1% (2018). The fulfillment of the tasks of reforming the higher education system, including the implementation of Projects 211 and 985, by the beginning of the 13th five-year plan (2016) has enabled 85 Chinese universities to enter the world ranking THE (2016–2017). In 2016, China switched to a new strategy for the global development of higher education, embarking on the implementation of the “Project of First-Class Universities and Scientific Disciplines”. At the 19th CPC Congress (2017), this strategy was supplemented by the task of intensive development of higher education. Currently, the global development strategy for higher education and universities in the country is continuing as part of the overall modernization of education, according to which China plans to strengthen the combined power and influence of country’s education in the international arena by 2020, and by 2035 to increase the competitiveness of higher education in the context of transforming the country into a global educational power. Results. The results of the study include the following: 1) the current state of Chinese universities significantly exceeds the state of 2009 in both quantitative and qualitative indicators; 2) the modern strategy for the development of higher education is the strategy of global development of Chinese universities, aimed at their achievement of leading and first positions in the world, as well as strengthening the competitiveness of China’s higher education, contributing to the transformation of China into a world educational power in 2035.
“The Soft Power” of European Universities: Gender and Sexuality Policies
Authors: Pankratov Sergey , Pankratova Liliia , Fokina Olga
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problematization and conceptualization of influence, as well as the potential for participation of higher education institutions, as educational and scientific centers, in the formation and implementation of gender and sexual policies in modern European countries, which are widely debated and ambiguously perceived in society. Methods. The article conceptualizes the concepts of gender and sexual policy in two senses: as a sphere of the struggle for power, as well as a system of technologies and actions in solving socially important problems. As a theoretical and methodological framework, the principles of social constructionism are used in interpreting the content, meaning and research of technologies for the formation of public representations and culture on issues of intimate and inter-sexual relations. Based on the use of general scientific methods and the heuristic potential of the Overton window concept, a scheme is proposed for explaining and studying the participation of universities in the “promotion” of relevant policies and politics. Results. The heuristic potential of the concept of “Overton’s Window” to the political science problematization, interpretation and explanation of the “soft power” potential of modern universities in shaping, discussing the social and political agenda on sexual and gender culture in Europe is revealed. It is shown that sexual and gender policies in society can be aimed at changing the values, perceptions and norms of the organization of interactions in the relevant areas of life, both at the level of individual practices and social institutions. Social and communicative technologies (informed discussion, events, creation of terms, name-calling) that are (un)intentionally used in the framework of higher education institutions to normalize and politicize ideas, perceptions and values regarding gender issues, the organization of sexual life can be interpreted as important tools for transforming unthinkable practices and beliefs into the category of not only acceptable, eligible on the existence of a pluralism of views, but also dominant in political discourse. Discussion. The issue of the ethical principles of the implementation of the “soft power” strategy by European universities, as well as the political and social sense and consequences of radical transformations in gender and sexual culture and the structure of society, present in the discourses of European academic science and education, remains open and poorly studied.
University Rating in the Global Educational Space
Authors: Antyukhova Ekaterina
Published: May 2020

Introduction. In assessing the quality of education, the author applies the rating approach. To date, a set of the most famous and authoritative ratings has been formed. The basic criteria are the provisions of the value approach, which determine the need to consider the problem of assessing the materiality of ratings.

Methods. The author uses the comparative method. It is proved that educational ratings are based on a “reference approach” to credit rating, but other solutions are possible, including similar comparisons in the service sector.

Analysis. It is established that the materiality of a rating is based on the admissibility of potential distortions of reliable ideas about the educational organization. It is clarified that the value of the comparison is based on the stability of the position in the rating to potentially possible distortions. It is shown that the QS ratings are the closest to the “pattern” comparison procedures in the investment sphere. The paper provides a historical overview of the emergence and formation of educational ratings. It is established that distortions in the rating, regardless of the reasons for their occurrence, can be eliminated by increasing the materiality not of the rating itself, but of the information placed by the university in open sources. At the same time, the comparison of positions in the rating of the actual achieved level of the criterion by the university itself allows to ensure the formation of a more reasonable public opinion about university’s capabilities.

Results. It is concluded that the proposed approach to increase the materiality of the information placed in open sources and assess the relationship between the achievements of the university and the positions in the ranking allows to establish national and global educational trends, which can be used by actors of the global educational policy.
Behind the Facade of Uvarov’s Classicism: Career Strategies of Classical Philologists at Russian Universities
Authors: Ilina Kira
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The article is focused on reconstruction of the practices of forming a disciplinary group of classical philologists in the Russian Empire universities in the 1830s – 1850s.

Methods. For this purpose, the archival materials of the Ministry of Education, as well as Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Kazan and Kiev Universities are considered. The research methodology is based on a combination of both traditional general historical methods and methods of classical source studies, and approaches developed in the framework of the history of science, the sociology of knowledge and the history of disciplines.

Analysis and results. It is important to analyze three points: the political context, practices in building career trajectories and academic networks of professors of Greek and Roman literature and antiquities at Russian universities. The transformation of the existing network of universities into the system of public education was carried out by the Minister of Public Education Sergey Uvarov in the 1830s. Transferring to Russia the European model of secondary education based on the study of classical languages, Uvarov created a system of general education and relentlessly promoted antiquity studies in the Russian Empire. Teaching classical disciplines was expanded at gymnasiums and universities. Following the academic personnel reform of the late 1830s, a number of “antiquity chairs” at universities was headed by young philologists and historians who had spent two or three years of training at universities in Germany, mainly in Berlin, attending lectures and seminars of leading German classical philologists. In the 1840s – 1850s, an artificially constructed group of classical philologists gradually transformed into a disciplinary community.