bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of influencing factors of job demands of healthcare workers working in mobile cabin hospitals in China
Authors: Yi Hongmei , Wei Sha , Song Jingyan , Xiao Mingzhao , Huang Huanhuan , Luo Di , Zhao Qinghua
Published: September 2023

Aim

To explore the job demands of healthcare workers (HCWs) working in mobile cabin hospitals in Shanghai and identify the influencing factors.

Design

The study had a cross‐sectional design.

Methods

Using the convenience sampling method, we selected 1223 HCWs (medical team members) working in these mobile cabin hospitals during April–May 2022. The findings of the general information questionnaire and the hierarchy scale of job demands of HCWs working in mobile cabin hospitals were used for the investigation.

Results

The total score of job demands of the included HCWs was 132.26 ± 9.53; the average score of the items was 4.73 ± 0.34. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that the following HCWs had significantly higher job demands: female HCWs and HCWs who received psychological training or intervention during the COVID‐19 pandemic, were satisfied with the doctor/nurse–patient relationship, received support from family members/friends/colleagues, believed that the risk of working in mobile cabin hospitals was high, had adapted to the working environment of mobile cabin hospitals and had college/undergraduate level of education. They would benefit from increased social support and better training in terms of psychological coping mechanisms(both theoretical knowledge and applicable skills) and COVID‐19 prevention,control and treatment abilities.
Development of the Japanese version of the 30‐item Mystical Experience Questionnaire
Authors: Yonezawa Kengo , Tani Hideaki , Nakajima Shinichiro , Uchida Hiroyuki
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Psychedelics have garnered increased attention as potential therapeutic options for various mental illnesses. Previous studies reported that psychedelics cause psychoactive effects through mystical experiences induced by these substances, including an altered state of consciousness. While this phenomenon is commonly assessed by the Mystical Experiences Questionnaire (MEQ30), a Japanese version of the MEQ30 has not been available. The aim of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the MEQ30.

Methods

We adhered to the “Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient‐Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation” in our translation process. Two Japanese psychiatrists independently performed forward translations, from which a unified version was derived through reconciliation. This version was subsequently back‐translated into English and reviewed by the original authors for equivalency. The iterative revision process was carried out through ongoing discussions with the original authors until they approved the final back‐translated version.

Results

The final, approved back‐translated version of the MEQ30 is presented in the accompanying figure. Additionally, the authorized Japanese version of the MEQ30 is included in the Appendix A.

Conclusions

In this study, we successfully developed a Japanese version of the MEQ30. This scale will facilitate the assessment of mystical experiences associated with psychedelic‐assisted therapy among Japanese speakers. Further research is warranted to evaluate the reliability and validity of this newly translated scale.
Remeshing and data transfer in the finite cell method for problems with large deformations
Authors: Sartorti Roman , Düster Alexander
Published: September 2023

The simulation of complex structures using standard finite element discretization techniques can be challenging because the creation of the boundary conforming meshes for such structures can be time‐consuming. Therefore, fictitious domain methods are attractive alternatives because the underlying mesh does not have to conform to the boundary. One fictitious domain method is the finite cell method where a structured non‐geometry conforming Cartesian grid is created and the geometry is then described by a simple indicator function. When solving non‐linear problems, for example, if large deformations are taken into account, broken cells are typically heavily distorted and may lead to failure of the overall solution procedure. To tackle this issue remeshing is applied to proceed with the simulation. In previous publications, radial basis functions (RBFs) were applied to map the deformation gradient between the different meshes. However, it is not clear whether this is the best way to transfer data during the remeshing procedure. Therefore, we investigate whether there are alternative methods that can be used instead. This is then compared to the RBF interpolation and applied to different numerical examples with hyperelastic materials.
The impact of binding energies on the necessary conditions in aerosol deposition
Authors: Daneshian Bahman , Gärtner Frank , Weber Wolfgang E. , Assadi Hamid , Klassen Thomas
Published: September 2023

Aerosol deposition (AD) enables the formation of dense ceramic coatings by high velocity impact of submicron‐sized particles. However, up to now, it is still not clear how the material properties of the ceramic powder particles influence their impact behavior and possible success in layer build‐up in AD. Therefore, in order to provide a broader understanding, this study utilizes molecular dynamic (MD) simulations to investigate the impacts of single‐crystalline particles while manipulating binding energies, particle sizes, and impact velocities, addressing a rather wide range of different materials and process conditions. The findings reveal that increasing binding energies from 0.22 to 0.96 eV necessitates up to three times higher velocities to reach thresholds for bonding and fragmentation, which are linked to potential layer formation. For conditions above the velocity thresholds given by individual binding energies, similarities in the deformation and fragmentation patterns are derived. Consequently, rough estimations regarding the required particle impact velocities for AD of different materials can be inferred.
Visual outcomes after bevacizumab‐based therapy for optic pathway glioma
Authors: Siegel Benjamin I. , Nelson Daniel , Peragallo Jason H. , MacDonald Tobey J. , Wolf David S.
Published: September 2023

In optic pathway glioma (OPG), bevacizumab‐based therapy (BBT) has promising effects on radiographic tumor burden, but the impact on vision is less clear. This single‐institution study characterized visual acuity (VA) and visual field (VF) outcomes in 17 pediatric OPG patients treated with BBT. VA was stable or improved in 14 patients. Nine patients had evaluable VF data, six of whom experienced stability or improvement. Among six patients with vision deterioration as a treatment indication, stable or improved was observed for both VA and VF in five patients. In summary, BBT was associated with favorable visual outcomes in this cohort of patients with OPG.
Two unrelated fetuses with ITPR1 missense variants and fetal hydrops
Authors: Harris Sarah , Putra Manesha , Gilmore Kelly L. , Vora Neeta L.
Published: September 2023

We describe two fetuses from unrelated families with likely pathogenic variants in ITPR1 that presented with nonimmune fetal hydrops. Trio exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous likely pathogenic missense variant c.7636G > A (p.Val2531Met) in ITPR1 (NM_001378452.1) in proband 1 and a de novo heterozygous likely pathogenic missense variant c.34G > A [p.Gly12Arg] in proband 2. Variants in ITPR1 have been associated with several genetic conditions, including spinocerebellar ataxia 15, spinocerebellar ataxia 29, and Gillespie syndrome. Our report on two patients details a previously undescribed severe fetal presentation of nonimmune hydrops fetalis associated with missense variants in the ITPR1 gene.
Towards a graphene transparent conducting electrode for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: O'Sullivan John , Wright Matthew , Niu Xinya , Miller Poppy , Wilshaw Peter R. , Bonilla Ruy S.
Published: September 2023

Indium‐based transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) are a major limiting factor in perovskite/silicon tandem cell scalability, while also limiting maximum cell efficiencies. In this work, we propose a novel TCE based on electrostatically doped graphene monolayers to circumvent these challenges. The electrode is enabled by a thin film dielectric that is charged and interfaced to a graphene film, optimally exploiting electrostatic doping. The field effect mechanism allows the modulation of charge carriers in monolayer graphene as a function of charge concentration in the dielectric thin film. Electrostatic charge was deposited on SiO2 membranes, and graphene transferred onto them exhibited a reduction in sheet resistance because of the induced charge carriers. We show a reduction in sheet resistance of graphene by 60% in just 3 min of dielectric charging, without impacting the transmission of light through the film stack. Hall effect measurements indicated that the mobility of the films was not significantly degraded. The deposition of negative electrostatic charge reversed this effect, allowing for precise tunability of charge concentration from n‐ to p‐type. We develop a model to determine the required sheet resistance of a graphene TCE with 97% transmittance in a perovskite/silicon tandem cell. As the technique here reported does not impact transmittance, a graphene TCE with a sheet resistance below 50 Ω/□ could enable efficiencies up to 44%, presenting a promising alternative to indium‐based TCEs.
Exploring the utility of community‐based participatory research to investigate mindfulness‐based interventions in schools
Authors: Mathur Grunewald Nikki , Foley‐Nicpon Megan
Published: September 2023

Mindfulness‐based programs have become popular, empirically supported treatment modalities for increasing positive psychological outcomes for children and adolescents, with an overall effect size of 0.4. We argue for implementing community‐based participatory research (CBPR) methodology to investigate the specific effects of mindfulness‐based intervention (MBI) programs within schools. While interest in MBIs in schools has resulted in their increased application, research based on CBPR methodology can fill several gaps in the existing literature by collaborating with school personnel and viewing teachers, students, and staff members as equal research partners. A CBPR approach could help recognize individual differences and contextual factors that often inhibit MBI success, as well as address implementation issues, interventionist factors, and fill the science‐to‐practice gap. We end by providing practical information to help translate CBPR approaches into the school setting.
“At Some Point We're Going to Reach Our Limit”: Understanding COVID‐19's impact on teacher burnout and subjective mental health
Authors: Marshall David T. , Smith Natalie E. , Love Savanna M. , Neugebauer Natalie M. , Shannon David M.
Published: September 2023

Teachers have faced a variety of challenges since the onset of COVID‐19 in the spring of 2020, including increased workloads, a range of modalities, and COVID‐19 protocols. The challenges associated with teaching during the COVID‐19 pandemic have led to increased burnout and stress, as well as diminished well‐being and mental health in teachers. This study seeks to explore teacher burnout and subjective mental health from the start of the pandemic to the end of the 2020–21 school year. To better understand teachers' experiences during this time, we conducted a nationwide survey (n = 302) with teachers between May and June 2021, as well as four focus groups and four one‐on‐one interviews in the fall of 2021. Results suggest that teachers' subjective mental health, morale, and work‐life balance have significantly declined since the beginning of the pandemic. Teachers reported feeling anxious and burned out from teaching due to greater workloads and decreased support from administrators and parents. We conclude by discussing the implications of teacher subjective mental health and burnout and offer suggestions for better supporting teachers, practitioners, and their mental well‐being.
Registration of HA‐R20 and HA‐R21 confection sunflower germplasms resistant to rust and downy mildew
Authors: Ma G. J. , Li X. H. , Seiler G. J. , Qi L. L.
Published: September 2023

Rust and downy mildew (DM) are detrimental diseases in global sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production. Disease often results in yield loss and reduced seed quality. Host resistance to DM and rust is mediated by single dominant genes in sunflower. To better utilize genetic resistance, gene pyramiding is a common practice in crop breeding to extend the durability and longevity of resistance. Two confection sunflower germplasm lines, HA‐R20 (Reg. no. GP‐387, PI 702361) and HA‐R21 (Reg. no. GP‐388, PI 702362), were developed using the pedigree breeding method and DNA marker‐assisted selection and released by the USDA‐ARS Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit in collaboration with the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in September 2022. HA‐R20 is an F3‐derived F4 confection restorer selection from the cross of HA‐DM2 and HA‐R8, carrying rust resistance genes R12 and R15 and DM resistance gene PlArg. HA‐R21 is an F3‐derived F4 confection maintainer selection from the cross of HA‐DM3 and HA‐R8, carrying rust resistance genes R13a and R15 and DM resistance gene Pl17. Disease reaction and marker testing for DM and rust confirmed that both germplasms harbor DM and rust R genes in the homozygous condition and are resistant to all DM and rust races identified in North America to date. These multiple disease‐resistant lines will provide the sunflower industry with durable disease‐resistant sources for the continued improvement of the crop.
Temporal and species‐specific resistance of sugar beet to green peach aphid and black bean aphid: mechanisms and implications for breeding
Authors: Zhu Yunsheng , Stahl Andreas , Rostás Michael , Will Torsten
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris), a key crop for sugar production, faces significant yield losses caused by the black bean aphid Aphis fabae (Scop.) and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer), which also transmits viruses. The restriction on neonicotinoid usage in Europe has intensified this problem, emphasizing the urgent need for breeding resistant crop varieties. This study evaluated 26 sugar beet germplasms for resistance against both aphid species by using performance and feeding behavior assays. Additionally, whole plant bioassays and semi‐field experiments were carried out with Myzus persicae.

RESULTS

Our findings demonstrate the presence of temporal resistance against both aphid species in the primary sugar beet gene pool. Beet yellows virus (BYV) carrying aphids showed enhanced performance. Different levels of plant defense mechanisms were involved including resistance against Myzus persicae before reaching the phloem, particularly in sugar beet line G3. In contrast, resistance against Aphis fabae turned out to be predominately phloem‐located. Furthermore, a high incidence of black inclusion bodies inside the stomach of Myzus persicae was observed for approximately 85% of the plant genotypes tested, indicating a general and strong incompatibility between sugar beet and Myzus persicae in an initial phase of interaction.

CONCLUSION

Sugar beet resistance against aphids involved different mechanisms and is species‐specific. The identification of these mechanisms and interactions represents a crucial milestone in advancing the breeding of sugar beet varieties with improved resistance. © 2023 Julius Kühn‐Institut and The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Uracil hydrazones: design, synthesis, antimicrobial activities, and putative mode of action
Authors: Zhou Huan , Li Qing X , Zeng Lei , Cao Congwang , Zhang Tuotuo , Zhou Yuan , He Hongwu
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Crop diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria have led to substantial losses in global food production. Chemical pesticides have been widely used as a primary means to mitigate these issues. Nevertheless, the persistent and excessive use of pesticides has resulted in the emergence of microbial resistance. Moreover, the improper application and excessive utilization of pesticides can contribute to environmental pollution and the persistence of pesticide residues. Consequently, the development of novel and highly effective bactericides and fungicides to combat plant pathogens holds immense practical importance.

RESULTS

A series of uracil hydrazones IV‐B was deliberately designed and evaluated for their antimicrobial efficacy. The results of bioassays indicated that most IV‐B exhibited >80% inhibition against the fungal species Monilia fructigena and Sclerotium rolfsii, as well as the bacterial species Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, and Ralstonia solanacearum, at 50 μg/mL in vitro. In vivo, IV‐B20 showed 89.9% of curative and 71.8% of protective activities against C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis at 100 μg/mL superior to thiodiazole copper and copper hydroxide. IV‐B20 also showed excellent protective activity against M. fructigena (96.3% at 200 μg/mL) and S. rolfsii (80.4% at 1000 μg/mL), which were greater than chlorothalonil and equivalent to thifluzamide. Mechanistic studies revealed that IV‐B20 induced oxidative damage in pathogenic bacteria and promoted the leakage of cellular contents.

CONCLUSION

This study suggests that IV‐B20 with uracil hydrazone skeleton has great potential as an antimicrobial candidate. These findings lay a foundation for practical application in agriculture. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modular synthetic strategy for N/C‐terminal protected amyloidogenic peptides
Authors: Sawazaki Taka , Sohma Youhei
Published: September 2023

N/C‐terminal protected amyloidogenic peptides are valuable biomaterials. Optimization of the protective structures at both termini is, however, synthetically laborious because a linear sequence of solid‐phase peptide synthesis protocol (on‐resin peptide assembly/peptide removal from resin/high‐performance liquid chromatography purification) is required for the peptides each time the protective group is modified. In this study, we demonstrate a modular synthetic strategy for the purpose of rapidly deriving the N/C‐terminal structures of amyloidogenic peptides. The precursor sequences that can be easily synthesized due to a non‐amyloidogenic property were stocked as the synthetic intermediates. Condensation of the intermediates with N/C‐terminal units in a liquid phase followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography purification gave the desired peptides P1–P8. The amyloidogenic peptides that have various N/C‐terminal protective structures were therefore synthesized in a labor‐effective manner. This method is suggested to be useful for synthesizing amyloidogenic peptides possessing divergent protective structures at the N/C‐terminus.
Antiparallel Spin Polarization Induced by Current in a Bilayer
Authors: Kato Takahiro , Akera Hiroshi
Published: September 2023

The antiparallel current‐induced spin polarization (CISP) in an inversion‐symmetric double‐quantum‐well structure with the antiparallel Rashba effective magnetic field is calculated by solving the Boltzmann equation which is derived for the distribution operator in layer‐pseudospin space in the relaxation‐time approximation. The antiparallel CISP in an analytical form, obtained for constant momentum relaxation time in the limit of large Fermi energy, exhibits factor‐two increase with increasing the interlayer‐tunneling strength. This increase originates from the correction (to the semiclassical CISP) created by the subband mixing due to the momentum dependence of the Rashba effective magnetic field. The present interlayer‐coupling dependence of the antiparallel CISP is successfully explained as the layer‐pseudospin Hanle effect in which the spin in the original Hanle effect is replaced by the layer pseudospin. The present finding suggests that the correction by band mixing can be significant in the transport properties of various systems with the momentum‐dependent effective magnetic field.
Robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy using hugo RAS system: The pioneer experience in Taiwan and Northeast Asia
Authors: Ou Yen‐Chuan , Ou Hsien‐Che , Juan Yung‐Shun , Narasimhan Ragavan , Mottrie Alex , Weng Wei‐Chun , Huang Li‐Hua , Lin Yi‐Sheng , Hsu Chao‐Yu , Yang Che‐Hsueh , Tung Min‐Che
Published: September 2023

Background

Among the novel robotic platforms, the Hugo RAS system is the second most studied platform, next to the da Vinci system, and we aim to address our experiences in radical prostatectomy (RP) with the Hugo RAS system.

Methods

We recorded our first 12 cases of prostate cancer undergoing RP with the Hugo RAS system. The median console time was 145 min and median hospital stay was 7 days. Hedge’ g was applied to search for the cut‐off case in four parameters in surgeries.

Results

Pre‐console preparation was significantly improved after the first seven cases, and the console time was remarkably shortened after the first two cases. The intraoperative pause for trouble shooting was remarkably shortened after the first three cases.

Conclusions

We found that RP with the Hugo RAS system was feasible, and the learning curve was short as surgeons may benefit from the previous experience with the da Vinci system.
Assessing the effects of non‐stationarity on reservoir yield estimations: A case study of the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development system in Botswana
Authors: Mazvimavi Dominic , Kapangaziwiri Evison , Gumbo Anesu Dion
Published: September 2023

Streamflow data used for water resources planning should ideally be stationary, and any non‐stationary behaviour is taken into account. However, with limited time series data, the influence of non‐stationarity is often hidden and can result in unreliable estimates. This paper examines the impact of non‐stationarity on the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development (SOIWD) project that was carried out with streamflow collected between 1969 and 1989 against an extended time series from 1990 to 2019. To achieve this, (a) the statistics of these inflows and (b) the reliability of satisfying water demands from the proposed reservoirs were tested based on the two periods (1969–1989 and 1990–2019). The results show that average monthly flows for July, August and September significantly change when peak outflows from the delta occur. Given the expected variability of the flow regime, an uncertainty approach utilising flow perturbation from ±5% to ±90% was also used to investigate the system's response to changes in the driving flow conditions. The increasing availability of flow data from 1990 to 2019 has shown that the SOIWD system would not have satisfied the water demand as it would not be operationally viable. This confirms the importance of accounting for non‐stationarity in reservoir yield estimation and reemphasises its importance in hydrological studies.
Using temporal recalibration to improve the calibration of risk prediction models in competing risk settings when there are trends in survival over time
Authors: Booth Sarah , Mozumder Sarwar I. , Archer Lucinda , Ensor Joie , Riley Richard D. , Lambert Paul C. , Rutherford Mark J.
Published: September 2023

We have previously proposed temporal recalibration to account for trends in survival over time to improve the calibration of predictions from prognostic models for new patients. This involves first estimating the predictor effects using data from all individuals (full dataset) and then re‐estimating the baseline using a subset of the most recent data whilst constraining the predictor effects to remain the same. In this article, we demonstrate how temporal recalibration can be applied in competing risk settings by recalibrating each cause‐specific (or subdistribution) hazard model separately. We illustrate this using an example of colon cancer survival with data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Data from patients diagnosed in 1995–2004 were used to fit two models for deaths due to colon cancer and other causes respectively. We discuss considerations that need to be made in order to apply temporal recalibration such as the choice of data used in the recalibration step. We also demonstrate how to assess the calibration of these models in new data for patients diagnosed subsequently in 2005. Comparison was made to a standard analysis (when improvements over time are not taken into account) and a period analysis which is similar to temporal recalibration but differs in the data used to estimate the predictor effects. The 10‐year calibration plots demonstrated that using the standard approach over‐estimated the risk of death due to colon cancer and the total risk of death and that calibration was improved using temporal recalibration or period analysis.
The impact of reduced worry on general functioning: A mediation analysis from a randomized trial
Authors: Andersson Erik , Mataix‐Cols David , Lauri Klara Olofsdotter , de Schipper Elles , Ljótsson Brjánn , Aspvall Kristina , Wahlund Tove
Published: September 2023

Previous lab findings have indicated that excessive worry may impair cognitive performance and problem solving capabilities but it is unclear if excessive worry also leads to broader impairments in general functioning. We report a secondary process data analysis of a large randomized waitlist‐controlled trial (N = 670) of a self‐guided online psychological intervention for dysfunctional worry related to the Covid‐19 pandemic. Specific aims were to investigate (1) if improvements in general functioning were mediated by reductions in worry related to Covid‐19 during the acute intervention phase, and (2) if reduced worry related to Covid‐19 during acute intervention phase had a positive long‐term impact on general functioning up to 1 year after the end of the intervention. To address aim 1, we used a mediation analysis framework where outcome (general functioning measured with an adapted version of the Work and Social Adjustment Scale) and the hypothesized mediator (worry measured with an adapted version of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7‐Item Scale) were administered weekly during the controlled phase of the trial of 3 weeks. To address aim 2, we investigated if reductions in worry during the 3‐week treatment period predicted improved general functioning at 1‐ and 12 months after treatment completion. Results showed that improvements in general functioning at week 3 were mediated by reductions in worry during the first 2 weeks of treatment (indirect effect estimate −0.08; 95% CI −0.15, −0.02). A sensitivity analysis indicated that the mediation effects dropped significantly when the residual correlation values between the mediator and the outcome exceeded r = 0. A reversed causation model was not significant. Additionally, reductions in worry during treatment predicted subsequent improvements in general functioning at both 1‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups (p < .05, −.001). Altogether, these results provide further support of the importance of targeting worry as a way to improve functioning among the large population of individuals with high levels of worry.
Mitigation of Anti‐Drug Antibody Production for Augmenting Anticancer Efficacy of Therapeutic Protein via Co‐Injection of Nano‐Rapamycin
Authors: Chang Ya , Xiong Wei , Zou Chenming , Zeng Ping , Hou Jiazhen , Muhitdinov Bahtiyor , Shen Yuanyuan , Huang Yongzhuo , Guo Shengrong
Published: September 2023

The induction of anti‐drug antibody (ADA) is a formidable challenge for protein‐based therapy. Trichosanthin (TCS) as a class of ribosome‐inactivating proteins is widely studied in tumor treatment. However, the immunogenicity can induce the formation of ADA, which can cause hypersensitivity reactions and neutralize the efficacy of TCS, thus limiting its clinical application in cancer therapy. Here, a promising solution to this issue is presented by co‐administration of the rapamycin nanoparticles and TCS. PEGylated rapamycin amphiphilic molecule is designed and synthesized as a prodrug and a delivery carrier, which can self‐assemble into a nanoparticle system with encapsulation of free rapamycin, a hydrophobic drug. It is found that co‐injection of the PEGylated rapamycin nanoparticles and TCS could mitigate the formation of anti‐TCS antibody via inducing durable immunological tolerance. Importantly, the combination of TCS and the rapamycin nanoparticles has an enhanced effect on inhibit the growth of breast cancer. This work provides a promising approach for protein toxin‐based anticancer therapy and for promoting the clinical translation.
Oxide Scale Formation of Stainless Steels with Different Heating Methods – Effect of Hydrogen as Fuel
Authors: Airaksinen Susanna , Haapakangas Juho , Laukka Aleksi , Heikkinen Eetu-Pekka , Fabritius Timo
Published: September 2023

The evolution from natural gas usage to new technologies, such as the use of hydrogen as fuel or electricity‐based heating, strongly influences the oxidation of the stainless steel surface in the reheating furnace. Thermogravimetric tests using different simulated combustion and induction reheating conditions are performed for austenitic AISI 301, AISI 304, and ferritic AISI 444 steel grades. Simulated furnace atmospheres in combustion methods are based on methane–air, methane–oxygen, hydrogen–oxygen, and methane–hydrogen–oxygen combinations. For induction simulations, air and nitrogen are used as furnace atmospheres. The results indicate that changes in heating conditions to H2‐fueled combustion or induction only have a minor influence on the oxidation of the ferritic grade; whereas, their effects on the austenitic grades are more pronounced. The transition from a methane–air to H2–oxyfuel combustion increases the total oxidation by 1.7 and 4 times for steel grades 304 and 301, respectively; therefore, grade 304 can be considered better suited for transition for H2–oxyfuel use. The shorter induction heating considerably decreases the amount of oxide scale for austenitic grades, but the nitrogen atmosphere produces a subscale inside the steel matrix, which can hinder the descaling process.
Overview of Power Factor Calculation Method for Nonsinusoidal and Unbalanced Systems
Authors: Fan Rui , Zhang Min , Wang Jinhao , Chang Xiao , Gao Le , Song Jinge , Zhang Shicong , Xu Yonghai
Published: September 2023

With the increase of nonlinear loads (such as electric arc furnace, electrified railway, etc.) in power system, the harmonic distortion and unbalance of voltage and current are becoming more and more serious. The energy flow in the system is more complex and variable, and the power factor calculation method is controversial. This paper summarizes the influence factors and calculation methods of power factor for nonsinusoidal and unbalanced systems. The calculation methods of arithmetic power factor, vector power factor and effective power factor are compared first, and then the power factor calculation method recommended by IEEE Std 1459‐2010 and its improvement method under three‐phase balance user, active power calculation and metering error are analyzed, and the recommended calculation methods for different situations are given. Finally, future research perspectives and challenges for power factor calculation are pointed out. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis of oral cancer cells but not for normal cells
Authors: Chen Yan‐Ning , Chan Yu‐Hsuan , Shiau Jun‐Ping , Farooqi Ammad Ahmad , Tang Jen‐Yang , Chen Kuan‐Liang , Yen Ching‐Yu , Chang Hsueh‐Wei
Published: September 2023

Increased neddylation benefits the survival of several types of cancer cells. The inhibition of neddylation has the potential to exert anticancer effects but is rarely assessed in oral cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferation potential of a neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 (pevonedistat) for oral cancer cells. MLN4924 inhibited the cell viability of oral cancer cells more than that of normal oral cells (HGF‐1) with 100% viability, that is, IC50 values of oral cancer cells (CAL 27, OC‐2, and Ca9‐22) are 1.8, 1.4, and 1.9 μM. MLN4924 caused apoptotic changes such as the subG1 accumulation, activation of annexin V, pancaspase, and caspases 3/8/9 of oral cancer cells at a greater rate than in normal oral cells. MLN4924 induced greater oxidative stress in oral cancer cells compared to normal cells by upregulating reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide and depleting the mitochondrial membrane potential and glutathione. In oral cancer cells, preferential inductions also occurred for DNA damage (γH2AX and 8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine). Therefore, this investigation demonstrates that MLN4924 is a potential anti‐oral‐cancer agent showing preferential inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of DNA damage with fewer cytotoxic effects on normal cells.
Arsenic and polystyrene‐nano plastics co‐exposure induced testicular toxicity: Triggers oxidative stress and promotes apoptosis and inflammation in mice
Authors: Rao Gan , Qiao Baoxin , Zhong Gaolong , Li Tong , Su Qian , Wu Shaofeng , Tang Zhaoxin , Hu Lianmei
Published: September 2023

Co‐existing of polystyrene‐nano plastics (PSNPs) and arsenic (As) in the environment caused a horrendous risk to human health. However, the potential mechanism of PSNPs and As combination induced testicular toxicity in mammals has not been elucidated. Therefore, we first explore the testicular toxicity and the potential mechanism in male Kunming mice exposed to As or/and PSNPs. Results revealed that compared to the As or PSNPs group, the combined group showed more significant testicular toxicity. Specifically, As and PSNPs combination induced irregular spermatozoa array and blood–testis barrier disruption. Simultaneously, As and PSNPs co‐exposure also exacerbated oxidative stress, including increasing the MDA content, and down‐regulating expression of Nrf‐2, HO‐1, SOD‐1, and Trx. PSNPs and As combination also triggered testicular apoptosis, containing changes in apoptotic factors (P53, Bax, Bcl‐2, Cytc, Caspase‐8, Caspase‐9, and Caspase‐3). Furthermore, co‐exposed to As and PSNPs aggravated inflammatory damage characterized by targeted phosphorylation of NF‐κB and degradation of I‐κB. In summary, our results strongly confirmed As + PSNPs co‐exposure induced the synergistic toxicity of testis through excessive oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, which could offer a new sight into the mechanism of environmental pollutants co‐exposure induced male reproductive toxicity.
Synthesis of aluminum bis(hydroxy‐phenyl‐methyl)phosphinate and its synergistic flame retardant mechanism in PLA
Authors: Xu Baoming , Yang Jingxue , Wang Xinhui , Wang Na , Chen Guorong , Zhang Heng
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we report on the synthesis of a new aluminum bis(hydroxy‐phenyl‐methyl)phosphinate, AlBPi, under mild reaction conditions. The product structure was confirmed via characterization, and its thermal stability and flame retardant properties were assessed. To improve the flame retardant properties, we employed ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a synergist with AlBPi. The PLA composite material containing 10% AlBPi and 5% APP achieved an LOI of 28.1% and a UL‐94 rating of V‐1. Cone calorimetry tests showed a significant reduction in PHRR, THR, PSPR, and TSP for the PLA/AlBPi/APP composite compared to the pure and PLA/AlBPi materials. SEM analysis revealed a continuous and dense char layer on the residual surface of the synergistic flame retardant sample. AlBPi and APP exhibited excellent synergistic flame retardant effects, with both releasing a large amount of PO·free radicals. APP was also able to release inert gas, exhibiting excellent flame retardant effects in the gas phase. Additionally, APP improved the charring performance of AlBPi and formed a compact char layer on the material surface, achieving good flame retardant effects in the condensed phase. Therefore, the AlBPi and APP synergistic flame retardant system can be considered a viable flame retardant additive for PLA.

Highlights

A novel flame retardant AlBPi was synthesized.

AlBPi and APP demonstrate good synergistic flame retardant performance in PLA.

AlBPi and APP play a flame retardant role in both gas and condensed phases.
Automated Feedback on Writing
Authors: Cotos Elena
Published: September 2023

Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) tools have not only confidently entered the scene of digital writing technologies but also secured a prominent space in teaching and learning practices due to their formative automated feedback on various traits of the writing construct. The nature and types of AWE feedback vary depending on the history and origins of the tools. Having evolved through multiple generations, they can be broadly categorized as assessment-driven and genre-based. This chapter elaborates on both of these ramifications of AWE, describing their purposes, functional specifications, and two exemplary tools. AWE research has been increasingly adopting the validity argument framework, which allows to consolidate multifarious evidence into a progression of empirically supported inferences about AWE uses. To that end, AWE effectiveness has been investigated in terms of: how well the tools represent the target writing domains; how accurate, consistent, and appropriate the feedback is; whether the feedback extrapolates to other contexts and feedback sources; how the tools are utilized; and what their beneficial effects are. The implications discussed following a brief synthesis of this research highlight the need for advancing the theory-research-practice interface, contemplating the potential for theorizing the modelling of cognitive writing in a digital environment, which could further inform the design and implementation of the next-generation of AWE tools.
On Corpora and Writing
Authors: Chitez Madalina , Dinca Andreea
Published: September 2023

The chapter aims at providing an overview of the modalities in which linguistic corpora have been integrated in writing related approaches and technologies. The history of corpus linguistics is almost one century old, demonstrating a wide range of applications and interdisciplinary research potential. In this study, two main directions have been identified which describe approaches at the interface of corpora and writing. The first direction is represented by a large body of literature and refers to the use of corpora for academic writing research. The second direction focuses on the applicability of corpora for writing support, covering three aspects: (a) A section on corpora as a basis for primary linguistic tools for writers, which illustrates the use of corpora for the creation of dictionaries and phraseology lists. (b) A section on the use of corpora to teach academic writing. This section captures and exemplifies Data Driven Learning methods for corpus based academic writing and tools that support such approaches. (c) The third section refers to the use of built-in corpora for the creation of writing support tools (e.g. Ludwig.guru) or corpus related integrative tools (e.g. Thesis Writer).
Writing and Learning: What Changed with Digitalization?
Authors: Devitt Ann , Benetos Kalliopi , Kruse Otto
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the relationship between writing and learning and reconsiders for the digital age some of the assumptions underpinning current conceptions of writing-to-learn and learning-to-write. We interrogate the mediating role of technology in connecting writing and learning. Our key argument is that through digitalization both writing and learning have transformed, resulting in many new kinds of interactions between them. In this chapter we focus on four new dimensions of the writing-learning nexus to exemplify and explore this constantly transforming relationship: (1) New spaces for writing and learning, (2) convergent trends in knowledge work, (3) collaborative learning/writing activities, and (4) the role of feedback and assessment. We conclude by looking to the future for some tentative predictions of how the relationship will develop as technology, writing, and learning continue to evolve. We explore how concepts such as creativity and critical thinking will remain as fundamentals of human activity within the digitally mediated relationship of writing and learning.
Beyond MS Word: Alternatives and Developments
Authors: Rapp Christian , Heilmann Till , Kruse Otto
Published: September 2023

Microsoft Word, the word processing software developed by Microsoft in 1983, established itself as the market leader in the 1990s and 2000s and remained the gold standard for many years. Despite its obvious benefits, it always faced criticism from various quarters. We address the persistent criticism that MS Word is overloaded with features and distracts from writing rather than facilitating it. Alternatives, mainly distraction-free editors and text editors for use with a markup language, are briefly reviewed and compared to MS Word. A serious challenger emerged in 2006 with Google Docs, a cloud-based writing software that has moved text production into the platform era, enabling files to be shared and creating collaborative writing spaces. Even though Google Docs failed to break the dominance of MS Word, it became the trend-setter in online writing. Microsoft and Apple soon followed by designing complex web environments for institutions and companies rather than individual writers. We give an overview of technologies that have evolved to challenge the supremacy of MS Word or compete for market share. By this, we hope to provide clues as to the future development of word processing.
Digital Tools for Written Argumentation
Authors: Benetos Kalliopi
Published: September 2023

Digital tools for argumentative writing aimed, from early on, to support the use of argumentation to develop knowledge about the topic being argued. Many products were initially created to serve research purposes, and few developed in the last thirty years have made it to the educational technology market for use by instructors and writers. Others are reserved for institutional use or have become obsolete. More recently, research in argumentative writing has moved away from digital platform development specifically aimed at argumentative writing, to simpler generic diagramming and collaboration tools to be integrated in learning activities. Development has focused more on analytic approaches to generating representations of writing (processes and products), while research has shifted towards strategy instruction and related design principles. A selection of differing environments developed to support argumentative writing will be presented to highlight the evolution and the gaps in digital tools for written argumentation.
Social Annotation: Promising Technologies and Practices in Writing
Authors: Hodgson Justin , Kalir Jeremiah , Andrews Christopher D.
Published: September 2023

The act of annotation is intimately associated with reading, thinking, writing, and learning. From book marginalia to online commentary, this centuries-old practice has flourished in contemporary educational contexts thanks to recent advances in digital technologies. New computational affordances, social media platforms, and digital networks have changed how readers–as writers–participate in acts of annotation. Of particular interest issocial annotation(SA), a type of learning technology that enables the addition of notes to digital and multimodal texts for the purposes of information sharing, peer interaction, knowledge construction, and collaborative meaning-making. This chapter reviews prominent SA technologies, functional specifications, key products, and insights from research, with particular attention to the use of SA in writing studies and composition. The chapter concludes by discussing implications for writing studies and suggests SA technologies can make a critical impact on student reading and writing practices.
Formal Reasoning Using Distributed Assertions
Authors: Al Wardani Farah , Chaudhuri Kaustuv , Miller Dale
Published: September 2023

When a proof system checks a formal proof, we can say that its kernel asserts that the formula is a theorem in a particular logic. We describe a general framework in which such assertions can be made globally available so that any other proof assistant willing to trust the assertion’s creator can use that assertion without rechecking any associated formal proof. This framework, called DAMF, is heterogeneous and allows each participant to decide which tools and operators they are willing to trust in order to accept external assertions. This framework can also be integrated into existing proof systems by making minor changes to the input and output subsystems of the prover. DAMF achieves a high level of distributivity using such off-the-shelf technologies as IPFS, IPLD, and public key cryptography. We illustrate the framework by describing an implemented tool for validating and publishing assertion objects and a modified version of the Abella theorem prover that can use and publish such assertions.
Alcohol does not influence trust in others or oxytocin, but increases positive affect and risk-taking: a randomized, controlled, within-subject trial
Authors: Wenger Leonard P. , Hamm Oliver , Mühle Christiane , Hoffmann Sabine , Reinhard Iris , Bach Patrick , Kornhuber Johannes , Alpers Georg W. , Kiefer Falk , Leménager Tagrid , Lenz Bernd
Published: September 2023

Background

Alcohol consumption to facilitate social interaction is an important drinking motive. Here, we tested whether alcohol influences trust in others via modulation of oxytocin and/or androgens. We also aimed at confirming previously shown alcohol effects on positive affect and risk-taking, because of their role in facilitating social interaction.

Methods

This randomized, controlled, within-subject, parallel group, alcohol-challenge experiment investigated the effects of alcohol (versus water, both mixed with orange juice) on perceived trustworthiness via salivary oxytocin (primary and secondary endpoint) as well as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, positive affect, and risk-taking (additional endpoints). We compared 56 male participants in the alcohol condition (1.07 ± 0.18 per mille blood alcohol concentration) with 20 in the control condition.

Results

The group (alcohol versus control condition) × time (before [versus during] versus after drinking) interactions were not significantly associated with perceived trustworthiness (η2 < 0.001) or oxytocin (η2 = 0.003). Bayes factors provided also substantial evidence for the absence of these effects (BF01 = 3.65; BF01 = 7.53). The group × time interactions were related to dihydrotestosterone (η2 = 0.018 with an increase in the control condition) as well as positive affect and risk-taking (η2 = 0.027 and 0.007 with increases in the alcohol condition), but not significantly to testosterone.

Discussion

The results do not verify alcohol effects on perceived trustworthiness or oxytocin in male individuals. However, they indicate that alcohol (versus control) might inhibit an increase in dihydrotestosterone and confirm that alcohol amplifies positive affect and risk-taking. This provides novel mechanistic insight into social facilitation as an alcohol-drinking motive.