bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TAT-W61 peptide reduces the injury by inhibiting the binding S100b to the V-domain of Rage during ischemic stroke
Authors: Liang Jia , Li Hui , Ma Xiang-Yu , Liu Dan , Chen Yu-Ling , Feng Qian , Zhang Zhen , Wen Xiang-Ru , Wang Nan , Song Yuan-Jian
Published: June 2022

Ischemic stroke is a nervous system disease associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Currently, there are no neuroprotective drugs for this disease. S100 calcium-binding protein b (S100b), which is abnormally expressed in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients, can bind to various other proteins and exacerbate the progression of stroke; receptor for advanced glycation end-products (Rage) is one of these proteins. To inhibit the occurrence of this interaction, a peptide (TAT-W61) based on the V-domain of S100b that interacts with Rage was produced. This study aimed to use TAT-W61 to reduce the levels of inflammation and apoptosis after ischemic stroke and to improve learning memory and motor dysfunction. In this study, S100b and Rage expression increased after ischemic stroke. Possible binding sites of S100b on Rage were mapped through molecular docking and polar–contact assays. In immunoprecipitation experiments, TAT-W61 inhibited the binding of S100b to Rage after ischemic stroke. TAT-W61 peptide, derived from Rage, could reduce the inflammatory and apoptotic response caused by ischemic stroke. It may also improve the infarct volume of the pathological injury and reduce the apoptotic rate. In particular, the TAT-W61 peptide could significantly improve learning, memory, and motor dysfunction in an ischemic stroke model. TAT-W61 peptide may help alleviate ischemic stroke injury.
Multi-resource potentiality and multi-hazard susceptibility assessments of the central west coast of India applying machine learning and geospatial techniques
Authors: PRASAD PANKAJ , Loveson Victor Joseph , Mandal Sourav , Chandra Priyankar , Kulimushi Luc Cimusa
Published: June 2022

The understating of natural resources and hazards are very fundamental from spatial perspective to reduce resource losses and human lives. For this, the main aim of the current research is to synthesize the three natural resources (groundwater, wetland, and forest) into one multi-resource potentiality map and three natural hazards (flood, landslide, and shoreline erosion) into one multi-hazard susceptibility map. In order to achieve this goal, several inventories, geo-environmental factors, satellite bands and indices have been taken as input datasets. Random forest (RF) model has been considered for individual mapping (except shoreline erosion mapping) due to its high precision. For shoreline erosion mapping, digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) model has been employed. The accuracies of the model have been determined from the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, producer accuracy (PA), and user accuracy (UA). RF model has more than 90% of prediction accuracy in different resource and hazard mapping whereas for the forest mapping PA and UA are 90% and 80%, respectively. The results of this study for multi-resource mapping show forest (24.05%) and groundwater (22.28%) as the major resources whereas flood (17.27%) is the most destructive in comparison to other hazards. The multi-resource and multi-hazard maps of the research area provide an important tool to land managers and policymakers for sustainable development and management.
Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis for Potential Target Genes of In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Liu Chenxi , Kuang Yuanyuan , Liu Yubo , Peng Yi , Zhang Yinzhuang , Gao Haodong , Yang Xiangyu , Tang Jia , Ma Li , Ma Qilin
Published: June 2022

Background: In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a common complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which greatly affects the patients after PCI. Here, we extracted the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) from 4 coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients with stable angina and 3-vessel coronary atherosclerotic lesions, implanted bare-metal stents (BMS) or paclitaxel drug-eluting stents (PES), and analyzed their tissue differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to explore the possible mechanism and pathway of ISR formation.Methods: To figure out the effects of BMS and PES on vascular tissue and find the potential target genes for ISR, we explored DEGs from GSE19136 by comparing LIMA tissues implanted two stents. All DEGs were divided into up-regulating group and down-regulating group and enriched respectively in Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genesand Genomes (KEGG). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was aimed at all gene expression data. Constructing the PPI network of two groups of DEGs, we identified several hub genes and predicted their regulating miRNAs and key transcription factors (TFs) regulators in the online database. Additionally, we used RT-PCR to validate hub genes expression in two models of endothelial (EC) inflammation and vascular smooth muscle (VSMC) proliferation, which simulated the mechanism of ISR.Results: The datasets had a total of 759 DEGs (log2|foldchange(FC)| > 1 and P value < 0.05) identified, including 389 up-regulated and 370 down-regulated DEGs, Bioinformatics analysis result shows relevant genes function and identified hub genes and their regulating factors. Finally, RT-PCR validated that there were significant differences in the expression of LIF, CENPE, KIF11, MMP3, MCM10, and ARHGAP11A in the constructed cell model of EC inflammation, while GTSE1, GINS2, RRM2 and CKAP2L in the model of VSMC proliferation (P value < 0.05).Conclusion: Here, using comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and functional enrichment, We found the potential target genes (LIF, CENPE, KIF11, MMP3, MCM10, ARHGAP11A, GTSE1, GINS2, RRM2 and CKAP2L) inherent ISR by comparing LIMA tissues implanted with different stents in GSE19136. We identified several potential genes, which are worthy of new exploration for the prevention of ISR in the future.
Quantify retinal structure in high-altitude residents with and without High altitude polycythemia
Authors: Ma Jinlan , Niu Haoyu , Han Changjing , Qu Yi
Published: June 2022

Background
To assess retinal structural parameters in high-altitude (HA) residents with and without high altitude polycythemia (HAPC) and to elucidate the relationship between retinal structural parameters and hemoglobin (HGB).
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 55 HAPC patients and 52 healthy HA residents. Retinal structural parameters including retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, optic nerve head (ONH) parameters and retinal vessels diameter were acquired from spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and ImageJ software, and compared between HAPC group versus healthy HA group. The associations between retinal parameters and HGB were assessed by Pearson correlation analyses.
Results
In comparison of HAPC group versus healthy HA group, RNFL thickness was significant thicker in the nasal quadrant of the optic disc in HAPC group (74.82 ± 14.4 VS. 66.06 ± 13.71µm, P = 0.002). Bigger rim area, bigger disc area and bigger cup volume were also observed in HAPC group (all P < 0.05). Moreover, retinal venous diameters (RVD) of all four quadrants dilated significantly (all P < 0.05) and retinal arterial diameters (RAD) dilated only in superior nasal quadrant in HAPC group (0.08 ± 0.01 VS. 0.07 ± 0.01mm, P = 0.002). No associations between HGB and retinal parameters were found (all P > 0.05).
Conclusions
long-term HA exposure secondary HAPC could result in slightly thickened RNFL, enlarged ONH and dilated retinal veins. However, increased blood viscosity caused by HAPC should not be responsible for those changes. This study deepens the understanding of the impact of HA environment on retina.
The Augmented Reality affective training increases the care communication skill and empathy
Authors: Nakazawa Atsushi , Iwamoto Miyuki , Kurazume Ryo , Nunoi Masato , Kobayashi Masaki , Honda Miwako
Published: June 2022

It is important for caregivers of people with dementia (PwD) to have good patient communication skills as it has been known to reduce the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) of PwD as well as caregiver burnout. However, acquiring such skills often requires one-on-one affective training which can be costly. In this study, we propose affective training using augmented reality (AR) for supporting the acquisition of such skills. The system uses a see-through AR glasses and a nursing training doll to train the user in both practical nursing skills and affective skills such as eye contact and patient communication. The experiment was conducted with 39 nursing students. The participants were assigned to either the Doll group, which only used a doll for training, or the AR group, which used both a doll and the AR system. The results showed that eye contact significantly increased and the face-to-face distance and angle decreased in the AR group, while the Doll group had no significant difference. In addition, the empathy score of the AR group significantly increased after the training. Upon analyzing the correlation between personality and changes of physical skills, we found a significant positive correlation between the improvement rate of eye contact and extraversion in the AR group. These results demonstrated that affective training using AR is effective for improving caregivers’ physical skills and their empathy for their patients. We believe that this system will be beneficial not only for dementia caregivers but for anyone looking to improve their general communication skills.
Role of Maraviroc and/or Rapamycin in Aging Liver Processes
Authors: Martinez Laura Perez , Romero Lourdes , Verdugo-Sivianes Eva M , Muñoz-Galvan Sandra , Rubio-Mediavilla Susana , Amiama Ana , Carnero Amancio , Blanco Jose Ramon
Published: June 2022

Background: Cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation favor the acceleration of aging. The liver is an essential metabolic organ because changes related to its function are related to age-related diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maraviroc (MVC) and/or rapamycin (RAPA) on liver tissue in an experimental model of aging in mice.Materials and methods: Eighty male homozygous IL10KO mice were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (n= 20): i) IL10KO group (IL10KO); ii) IL10KO mice that received MVC in drinking water (MVC group), iii) IL10KO mice that received RAPA in drinking water (RAPA group), and iv) MVC-RAPA group that received MVC and RAPA in drinking water. Liver samples were analyzed. Gene expression quantification, western blotting and histopathological analyses were also performed.Results: The proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-18 were decreased in the MVC and MVC/RAPA groups, and TNF-α was decreased in all therapeutic groups. Galactosidase beta-1, a senescence biomarker, was also significantly reduced in all therapeutic groups, as were NK-kB1 and NF-kB2. In all groups, mTOR and CCL5 were significantly reduced. CCR5 expression was decreased in the MVC and MVC/RAPA groups.Conclusions: MVC and RAPA may protect against some factors involved in liver aging. More studies will be necessary to verify their clinical applications.
Groundwater Purification Using Gamma Irradiation under Oxidation and Reduction Conditions
Authors: El-Toony Mohamed M. , Rajab Ahmed H. , Eid Ghada A. , Maziad Nabial M.
Published: June 2022

Gamma irradiation was applied for the elimination of different pollutants in groundwater. Two techniques of irradiation have been studied. The first technique, irradiation-reduction, resulted in un-soluble metals forming aggregations, such as cadmium, mercury, and lead, which can be separated out of the solution. Different parameters, such as different hydroxyl scavengers and different gasses, were used for water de-aeration. Metal ion removal yields were 99.4%, 97.8%, and 96.9%, for Cd2+, Hg2+, and Pb2+ respectively at the best-studied conditions. The second technique was irradiation coupled with ozonization which performed organics degradation. The procedure can reduce the values of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The bacterial colony counts, and rotavirus, have diminished. A constant value of COD/BOD ratios at different purification steps was about 1.2. For the sake of conferment, this methodology of degradation of a simulated organic detergent and antibacterial such as triclosan has been studied. Degradation of triclosan, using reduction techniques, produced fragments dangerous to human health which were ensured by high values of COD and TOC. These fragments were completely degraded using the two techniques (reduction followed by oxidation) which were conducted to attain the least COD and TOC values. The two techniques of irradiation proved to be successful method for people highly sensitive to pollutants in water consumed.
Socio-behavioral correlates of pre-exposure prophylaxis use and correct adherence in men who have sex with men in West Africa
Authors: Eubanks August , Coulibaly Bakary , Keita Bintou Dembélé , Anoma Camille , Dah Ter Tiero Elias , Mensah Ephrem , Kaba Sékou , Lokrou Kpassou Julien , Ouedraogo Faïçal Rodrigue , Badjassim Alèda M. Fidèle , Maradan Gwenaëlle , Bourrelly Michel , Mora Marion , Riegel Lucas , Castro Daniela Rojas , Yaya Issifou , Spire Bruno , Laurent Christian , Group Luis Sagaon-Teyssier on behalf of the CohMSM-PrEP Study
Published: June 2022

BackgroundMultiple barriers compromise pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) engagement (i.e., use and adherence) in men who have sex with men (MSM). In low/middle-income countries, little is known about PrEP engagement in this population. In West Africa, the CohMSM-PrEP study was one of the rare interventions providing PrEP to MSM. We estimated PrEP use and correct adherence rates in CohMSM-PrEP, together with associated factors.MethodsCohMSM-PrEP recruited MSM in four community-based clinics in Mali, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, and Togo. Quarterly follow-up included collecting socio-behavioral data, and providing a comprehensive HIV prevention package, PrEP (daily or event-driven), and peer educator (PE)-led counselling (prevention and adherence). Multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were used to identify factors associated with self-reported i) PrEP use and ii) correct PrEP adherence during participants’ most recent anal intercourse.Results520 participants were retained for the present analysis. Median follow-up time was 12 months (IQR 6-21). Of the 2839 most recent anal intercourses declared over the follow-up period, PrEP use was self-reported for 1996 (70%), and correct PrEP adherence for 1461 (73%) of the latter. PrEP use was higher in participants who attended participating clinics outside of scheduled visits (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) [95% Confidence Interval, CI], p-value; 1.32 [1.01-1.71], 0.040), and in those who practiced condomless anal sex (1.86 [1.54-2.24], <0.001). Correct adherence was higher in those who often contacted PE outside of scheduled visits (2.16 [1.01-4.64], 0.047) and in participants who adopted receptive/versatile sexual positions with stable partners (1.36 [1.03-1.81], 0.030). Instead, it was lower in event-driven users with a difficult/very difficult financial situation (comfortable/just making ends meet & daily, 4.19 [2.56-6.86], <0.001; difficult/very difficult & daily, 6.47 [4.05-10.30], <0.001; comfortable/just making ends meet & event-driven, 1.63 [1.22-2.17], 0.001), and in participants who felt alone (0.76 [0.58-0.99], 0.042).ConclusionsCommunity-based clinic attendance and PE contact outside of scheduled visits were both associated with higher PrEP engagement. Some socially and economically marginalized participants struggled with adherence. Providing adherence support is crucial for PrEP effectiveness, especially in hostile sociocultural contexts. As PrEP scale-up continues in West Africa, we recommend using comprehensive community-based interventions to ensure adequate PrEP engagement.
Evaluation of the Performance of a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight PET System Dedicated to the Head and Breast according to NEMA NU 2-2012 Standard
Authors: Morimoto-Ishikawa Daisuke , Hanaoka Kohei , Watanabe Shota , Yamada Takahiro , Yamakawa Yoshiyuki , Minagawa Suzuka , Takenouchi Shiho , Ohtani Atsushi , Mizuta Tetsuro , Kaida Hayato , Ishii Kazunari
Published: June 2022

Background: This study evaluated the physical performance of a positron emission tomography (PET) system dedicated to the head and breast according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU2-2012 standard. Methods: The spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction, count rate characteristics, corrections for count losses and randoms, and image quality of the system were determined. All measurements were performed according to the NEMA NU2-2012 acquisition protocols, but image quality was assessed using a brain-sized phantom. Furthermore, scans of the three-dimensional (3D) Hoffmann brain phantom and mini-Derenzo phantom were acquired to allow visual evaluation of the imaging performance for small structures.Results: The tangential, radial, and axial full-width at half maximum (FWHM) at a 10-mm offset in half the axial field of view were measured as 2.3, 2.5, and 2.9 mm, respectively. The average system sensitivity at the center of the field of view and at a 10-cm radial offset were 7.18 and 8.65 cps/kBq, respectively. The peak noise-equivalent counting rate was 35.2 kcps at 4.8 kBq/ml. The corresponding scatter fraction at the peak noise-equivalent counting rate was 46.8%. The peak true rate and scatter fraction at 8.6 kBq/ml were 127.8 kcps and 54.3%, respectively. The percent contrast value for a 10-mm sphere was approximately 50%. On the 3D Hoffman brain phantom image, the structures of the thin layers composing the phantom were visualized on the sagittal and coronal images. On the mini-Derenzo phantom, each of the 1.6-mm rods were clearly visualized. Conclusion: Taken together, these results indicate that the head and breast-dedicated PET system has high-resolution and is well suited for clinical PET imaging.
Use of non-governmental maternity services and pregnancy outcomes among undocumented women: a cohort study from Norway.
Authors: Eick Frode , Vallersnes Odd Martin , Fjeld Heidi E. , Sørbye Ingvil Krarup , Storkås Guro , Ekrem Marthe , Børmer Marie , Løberg Sara Andrea , Ebbing Cathrine , Voldner Nanna , Dahl Cecilie
Published: June 2022

Background: In 2011 Norway granted undocumented women the right to antenatal care and to give birth at a hospital but did not include them in the general practitioner and reimbursement schemes. As a response to limited access to health care, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) have been running health clinics for undocumented migrants in Norway’s two largest cities. To further facilitate universal health coverage, there is a need to investigate how pregnant undocumented women use NGO clinics and how this affects their maternal health. We therefore investigated the care received, occurrence of pregnancy-related complications and pregnancy outcomes in women receiving antenatal care at these clinics.Methods: In this historic cohort study we included pregnant women aged 18-49 attending urban NGO clinics from 2009-2020 and retrieved their medical records from referral hospitals. We compared women based on region of origin using log-binominal regression to estimate relative risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Results: We identified 582 pregnancies in 500 women during the study period. About half (46.5%) the women sought antenatal care after gestational week 12, and 25.7% after week 22. The women had median 1 (IQR 1-3) antenatal visit at the NGO clinics, which referred 77.7% of the women to public health care. A total of 28.4% of women were referred for induced abortion. In 205 retrieved deliveries in medical records, there was a 45.9% risk for any adverse pregnancy outcome. The risk of stillbirth was 1.0%, preterm birth 10.3%, and emergency caesarean section 19.3%. Conclusion: Pregnant undocumented women who use NGO clinics receive substandard antenatal care and have a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes despite low occurrence of comorbidities. To achieve universal health coverage, increased attention should be given to the structural vulnerabilities of undocumented women and to ensure that adequate antenatal care is accessible for them.
Evaluation of a Public COVID-19 Dashboard in the Western Cape, South Africa: a tool for communication, trust, and transparency
Authors: Ismail Muzzammil , Morden Erna , Hussey Hannah , Paleker Masudah , Jacobs Theuns , Laenen Inneke , Hunter Mehreen , Moodley Melvin , Smith Mariette , Mutemaringa Themba , Bam Jamy-Lee , Dane Pierre , Heekes Alexa , Boulle Andrew , Davies Mary-Ann
Published: June 2022

Background: Public health dashboards have been used extensively in the past to communicate and guide local responses to outbreaks, epidemics, and a host of various health conditions. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital dashboards proliferated but the availability and quality of these dashboards differed vastly across the world. This study aimed to evaluate one such dashboard in the Western Cape province, South Africa.Methods: We analysed retrospective aggregate data on viewership over time for the first year since launch of the dashboard and conducted a cross-sectional survey targeting adult users of the dashboard at one year post the initial launch. The self-administered, anonymous questionnaire with a total of 13 questions was made available via an online digital survey tool for a 2-week period.Results: After significant communication by senior provincial political leaders, adequate media coverage and two waves of COVID-19 the Western Cape public COVID-19 dashboard attracted a total of 2,248,456 views during its first year. The majority of these views came from Africa/South Africa with higher median daily views during COVID-19 wave periods. A total of 794 participants responded to the survey questionnaire. Reported devices used to access the dashboard differed statistically between occupational status groups with students tending toward using mobile devices whilst employed and retired participants tending toward using desktop computers/laptops. Frequency of use increases with increasing age with 65.1% of those >70 years old viewing it daily. Overall, 76.4% of respondents reported that the dashboard influenced their personal planning and behaviour. High Likert score ratings were given for clarity, ease of use and overall end-user experience, with no differences seen across the various age groups surveyed. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that both the availability of data and an understanding of end-user need is critical when developing and delivering public health tools that may ultimately garner public trust and influence individual behaviour.
Do different multi-segment foot models detect the same changes in kinematics when wearing foot orthosis?
Authors: Klein Tomas , Chapman Graham J , Lastovicka Ondrej , Janura Miroslav , Richards Jim
Published: June 2022

Background: Different multi-segment foot models have been used to explore the effect of foot orthoses. Previous studies have compared the kinematic output of different multi-segment foot models, however, no study has explored if different multi-segment foot models detect similar kinematic changes when wearing a foot orthoses. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of two different multi-segment foot models to detect kinematic changes at the hindfoot and forefoot during the single and double support phases of gait when wearing a foot orthosis.Methods: Foot kinematics were collected during walking from a sample of 32 individuals with and without a foot orthosis with a medial heel bar using an eight-camera motion capture system. The Oxford Foot Model (OFM) and a multi-segment foot model using the Calibrated Anatomical System Technique (CAST) were applied simultaneously. Vector field statistical analysis was used to explore the kinematic effects of a medial heel bar using the two models, and the ability of the models to detect any changes in kinematics was compared.Results: For the hindfoot, both models showed very good agreement of the effect of the foot orthosis across all three anatomical planes during the single and double support phases. However, for the forefoot, the level of agreement between the models varied with both models showing good agreement of the effect in the coronal plane but poorer agreement in the transverse and sagittal planes.Conclusions: This study showed that while consistency exists across both models for the hindfoot and forefoot in the coronal plane, the forefoot in the transverse and sagittal planes showed inconsistent responses to the foot orthoses. This should be considered when interpreting the efficacy of different interventions which aim to change foot biomechanics.
Quality Assessment and Content Analysis of Persian Mobile Health Applications for Maternity Care on Android Platforms
Authors: Moghaddam-Banaem Lida , Ahmadi Sabereh , Hossainpour Somayeh , Rahimi Rezvan
Published: June 2022

The issue of women's health in society has become a top priority in all cultures. Information technology solutions, especially mobile health applications (MHA), provide a unique opportunity to improve health care, women empowerment, and personalization of the pregnant women's care process. Evaluating the quality and content of these applications is an inevitable necessity. This study aimed to investigate the content of Android Persian MHA for prenatal care. We systematically searched the Persian Android app stores (Cafe Bazaar and Myket) and Google Play with related keywords in December 2021. Applications were selected based on pre-specified criteria. Two researchers extracted general and specific features of the selected MHA. Two independent evaluators also rated application quality using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS). Spearman's rho correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the inter-rater agreement and relationship between different variables. We selected 17 programs (1%) for more evaluation based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The highest number of general features was 13 out of 18 in App2 and App5, and the highest number of specific features was 11 out of 14 in App 2. 4 MHAs got an overall MARS score > 4. Overall MARS scores had a positive and significant correlation with subject quality (P < 0.01,r = 0.947), general features (P < 0.01,r = 0.740), specific features (P < 0.05,r = 0.588), and user scores on the platforms (P < 0.05,r = 0.511). A comprehensive Persian MHA that provides all the features for maternity care is unavailable, and many MHAs do not have acceptable quality for this vulnerable group. Health policymakers and specialists must provide the necessary standards and features for these MHAs.
Prevalence and Frequency of the Use of Nicotine Pouches and Its Association With Stress Amongst Students of Medical and Non-Medical Universities of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muneeba , Junaid Natalia , Anwar Zainab , Timsaal Yumna , Mughal Amna
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Oral Nicotine Pouches (NPs) are one of the fastest-growing products among young adults, being actively marketed by companies through catchy advertisements. Owing to the easy availability and concealed usage, there is a high chance that these could become an addiction very soon. The objective of our study was to assess the prevalence of Nicotine Pouch consumption and its association with the perceived stress of an individual being a reason behind its usage.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted at various universities in Karachi, Pakistan. The study population comprised Undergraduate students aged between 18 and 25. Data were collected through self-administered forms.
RESULTS
The majority of the participants lied in the 20–21 age group and belonged to a medical field of study. 61.8% of the students were aware of this product, however, only 10.2% were active users of the Oral NPs. Moreover, the PSS scores indicated that females were overall more stressed than males. The mean PSS score was 19.637.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it is the need of the hour to raise awareness for such products as the youth is likely to try Oral NPs while being unaware of the potential harm it could bring with long-term use. Undergraduates must also be given guidance to help them cope with stress, which proves to be a significant risk factor associated with addiction to nicotine-containing products.
Childhood experiences and Frailty Trajectory Among Middle-aged and Older Adults in China
Authors: Yan Yuqi , Cai Liqing , Lu Nan
Published: June 2022

This study examined the associations between childhood experience and frailty trajectory among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Data were derived from The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We used data from all of the 4 waves (i.e., 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018) and the life history survey occurred in 2014. A total of 10963 respondents were included. Latent growth curve models were conducted to examine the proposed model. The results showed that adverse childhood experience, childhood socio-economic status, and the objective indicators of childhood health and healthcare were associated with both the baseline level and change rate of frailty trajectory. The perceived childhood health and healthcare conditions were associated with baseline frailty only. Our findings highlighted the crucial role of childhood antecedents in the progression of frailty at later life. We further provided strong evidence that childhood was an essential life stage for human development. Future social policies and interventions should use childhood experience as a screening tool, as well as promote child protection, health education, and life course interventions.
Lower serum uric acid level may be a risk factor for postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: A matched retrospective case-control study
Authors: Li Jianjun , Xu Lin , Lyu Wenyuan , Wei Penghui , Zheng Qiang , Li Chengwei , Zhang Zheng
Published: June 2022

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication after hip fracture surgery that is associated with various short- and long-term outcomes. The mechanism of POD may be associated with the oxidative stress process. Uric acid has been shown to provide a neuroprotective effect in various neurodegenerative diseases through its antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study assessed the association of lower uric acid levels in patients with POD during hospitalization.Methods: This is a matched retrospective case-control study that included 96 older patients (≥65 y) who underwent hip fracture surgery. POD was diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Patients diagnosed with POD (cases) were matched 1:1 with patients without POD (controls) on the basis of age, sex, and anesthesia type. The relationship between uric acid and POD was analyzed by multivariable analysis.Results: The POD and non-POD groups each had 48 patients. In the univariate analysis, lower serum uric acid level, higher neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio, and cerebrovascular disease were more likely in patients with POD compared with no POD. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis showed that lower serum uric acid (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.994; confidence interval [CI], 0.988–1.000; p = 0.046), higher neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (aOR, 1.323; 95% CI, 1.062–1.648; p = 0.013), and increased surgery duration (aOR, 1.034; 95% CI, 1.004–1.065; p = 0.024) were associated with increased risk of POD.Conclusions: Lower serum uric acid level may be an independent risk factor for POD after adjustment for possible confounding factors. However, large prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Beamforming MIMO array antenna for 5G-millimeter-wave application
Authors: Mandloi Mantar Singh , Gupta Parul , Parmar Ajay , Malviya Priyanshi , Malviya Leeladhar
Published: June 2022

This paper presents low mutual coupling multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) array antenna for millimetre-wave (mmw) application. The MIMO-array beamforming antenna with 2:1 VSWR band is proposed for 28.0 GHz and covers 27.04 - 28.35 GHz frequency band, which is suitable for mm-wave n261 5G-band which cover the frequency range from 27.5 - 28.35 GHz. It consists of 2×12 antenna array elements and the prototype is designed on low loss Rogers Duroid 5880 substrate of size 51.45×36.87 mm2. The beamforming MIMO antenna covers ±200 main lobe directions. The mutual coupling at the MIMO-array ports is less than 28.0 dB. The radiation efficiency and the gain in the presented band are more than 93.0% and more than 13.99 dBi. The ECC in the presented frequency band is ≤ 10−4, which is one of the advantages of the proposed design. The design covers indoor and outdoor Gaussian applications, and has 1.31 GHz TARC active bandwidth. It has 4.65% simulated and 4.73% measured fractional bandwidths.
Asymmetric Pendrin Homodimer Reveals its Molecular Mechanism as Anion Exchanger
Authors: Liu Qianying , Zhang Xiang , Huang Hui , chen Yuxin , Wang Fang , Hao Aihua , Zhan Wuqiang , Mao Qiyu , Hu Yuxia , Han Lin , Sun Yifang , Zhang Meng , Liu Zhimin , Li Geng-Lin , Zhang Weijia , Shu Yilai , Sun Lei , Chen Zhenguo
Published: June 2022

Pendrin SLC26A4 is an anion exchanger expressed in apical membranes of selected epithelia. Pendrin ablation causes Pendred syndrome, a genetic disorder disease associated with sensorineural hearing loss, hypothyroid goiter, and reduced blood pressure. However, its molecular structure has remained unknown limiting our understanding. Here, we determined the structures of mouse pendrin with symmetric and characteristically asymmetric homodimer conformations by cryo-electron microscopy. The asymmetric homodimer consists of one inward-facing protomer and the other outward-facing protomer, representing the coincident uptake and secretion process, a unique state of pendrin as an electroneutral exchanger. This previously unrevealed conformation, together with other conformations we captured, provides an inverted alternate-access mechanism for anion exchange. Furthermore, our structural and functional data disclosed the properties of anion exchange cleft and interpreted the important pathogenetic mutations. These investigations shed light on the pendrin exchange mechanism and extend our structure-guided understanding of pathogenetic mutations.
Opening the door to university health research: Recommendations for increasing accessibility for individuals with intellectual disability
Authors: John Brittany St. , Hickey Emily , Kastern Edward , Russell Chad , Russell Tina , Mathy Ashley , Peterson Brogan , Wigington Don , Pellien Casey , Caudill Allison , Hladik Libby , Ausderau Karla
Published: June 2022

Background: Advances in health equity rely on representation of diverse groups in population health research samples. Despite progress in the diversification of research samples, continued expansion to include systematically excluded groups is needed to address health inequities. One such group that is infrequently represented in population health research are people with intellectual disability. Individuals with intellectual disability experience pervasive health disparities. Representation in population health research is crucial to determine the root causes of inequity, understand the health of diverse populations, and address health disparities. The purpose of this paper was to develop recommendations for university researchers to increase the accessibility of university health research and to support the inclusion of individuals with intellectual disability as participants in health research.Methods: A comprehensive literature review, consultation with the university review board, and review of United Stated federal regulations was completed to identify barriers to research participation for individuals with intellectual disability. A collaborative stakeholder working group developed recommendations and products to increase the accessibility of university research for participants with intellectual disability.Results: Eleven key barriers to research participation were identified including gaps in researchers’ knowledge, lack of trust, accessibility and communication challenges, and systematic exclusion among others. Together the stakeholder working group compiled seven general recommendations for university health researchers to guide inclusion efforts. Recommendations included: 1) address the knowledge gap, 2) build community partnerships, 3) use plain language, 4) simplify consent and assent processes, 5) establish research capacity to consent, 6) offer universal supports and accommodations, and 7) practice accessible dissemination. In addition, four products were created as part of the stakeholder working group to be shared with researchers to support the inclusion of participants with intellectual disability. 1) Supports I Need Checklist, 2) Plain language glossary of health and research terms, 3) Understanding Consent and Assent in Plain Language, 4) Easy-Read Paper Template.Conclusion: Community members and individuals with intellectual disability want to be included in research and are eager to engage as research participants. It is the responsibility of the researcher to open the door to university health research. The recommendations discussed in this paper could increase accessibility for all research participants and promote the inclusion of individuals with intellectual disability to advance health equity in population health research.
Posterior tibial artery blood flow velocity is increased in patients with plantar heel pain
Authors: Kaneko Fumiya , Katayama Sho , Hirakawa Keisuke , Kudo Shintarou
Published: June 2022

Background:To investigate the relationship between blood flow velocities of the posterior tibial artery (PTA) and plantar heel pain (PHP) in patients with plantar fasciitis. We hypothesized that the blood flow velocities in the PTA would be significantly higher in the PHP group than in the control group.Methods:The participants included 23 patients (age: 49.61 ± 15.94 years; 12 men and 11 women) with PHP during gait who were diagnosed with plantar fasciitis. We also included 23 healthy participants (age: 49.13 ± 15.26 years; 10 men and 13 women) without PHP in the control group. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the PTA was measured using ultrasonography in all participants. PSV was measured thrice on each side, and the mean value was calculated. Differences in PSV between the groups were determined. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to calculate the PSV cut-off value for PHP, and the cut-off value was calculated for the affected side and the difference between the right and left sides.Results:The PSV of the affected side in the PHP group (23.31 ± 6.86 cm/s) was significantly higher than that of the control group (16.34 ± 3.39 cm/s). The left-right side difference was also significantly higher in the PHP group (5.63 ± 4.11 cm/s) than in the control group (2.15 ± 1.38 cm/s). The cut-off value was 18.33 cm/s for the affected side and 3.35 cm/s for the difference between the right and left sides.Conclusions:The increase in PTA blood flow velocity in PHP patients was quantitatively demonstrated for the first time. Overall, we believe that the measurement of PSV can help with the quantitative evaluation of PHP patients.Trial registration:This study has been registered for clinical trials under UMIN000046875. The registration date is Oct 1st, 2021.
Determination of Time Point and Sensitive Biomarkers of Maternal Zinc Depletion in Broiler Chickens and Pekin Ducks Fed a Zinc Deficient Dietary
Authors: Chen Guanhua , Zhang Keying , Tian Gang , Bai Shiping , Ding Xuemei , Wang Jianping , Lv Li , Tan Quan , Zhao Wei , Zeng Qiufeng.
Published: June 2022

Two experiments were aimed to determine the time points and sensitive biomarkers of maternal zinc (Zn) depletion in broiler chickens and Pekin ducks fed a Zn-deficient dietary based on growth performance and tissue Zn content via a linear regression model, respectively. A total of 200 one-day-old male broiler chickens (experiment 1) and 200 one-day-old male Pekin ducks (experiment 2) were randomly allocated to 2 dietary treatments with 10 replicate cage (10 bird/cage). Two dietary treatments included a zinc-deficient dietary (ZnD, 20.42 mg Zn/kg) and a control zinc dietary (CON, 84.77 mg Zn/kg). In experiment 1, compared to CON, ZnD decreased (P < 0.05) the body weight (d 7, d 14, and d 21), body weight gain, feed intake (d 1-7, d 1-14 and d 1-21), and the Zn content of plasma (d 7 and d 21), pancreas (d 7, d 14 and d 21) as well as tibia in broilers. The R2 of a linear model was greater at d 7 than that at d 14 or d 21 for pancreas Zn content in broilers. In experiment 2, compared to CON, ZnD also decreased (P < 0.05) the body weight (d 7, d 14, and d 21), body weight gain (d 1-7, d 1-14 and d 1-21), feed intake (d 1-14 and d 1-21) and increased (P < 0.05) the feed to gain ratio (d 1-7 and d 1-14) in ducks. Compared with CON, ZnD reduced (P < 0.05) the Zn content of pancreas (d 7, d 14, and d 21), tibia (d 7, d 14 and d 21) as well as skin (d 14 and d 21) and increased (P < 0.05) the Zn content of plasma (d 21) and skin (d 7) in ducks. The R2 of a linear model was greater at d 7 than that at d 14 or d 21 for skin Zn content in ducks. The results indicated that the maternal Zn was depleted by 7 d of age in both of birds; the sensitive biomarker for broilers is pancreas Zn content and for ducks is skin Zn content.
Development and Application of Adverse Drug Reactions Reports Quality Algorithm (AQUA-12) Score: A Single-Centre Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Aung Ar Kar , Zubrinich Celia M , Goh Michelle SY , Snyder Benjamin , Tang Mei Jie , Khu Cindy YL , Lee Jennifer I , Graudins Linda V
Published: June 2022

Purpose
To develop a reliable assessment tool to monitor the quality of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports and evaluate its performance within a quaternary hospital setting.
Methods
Adverse Drug Reactions Report Quality Algorithm (AQUA-12) was developed by a multidisciplinary team with the expertise in management of ADRs. The design was based on data elements required to establish medication causality. Inter-rater reliability of AQUA-12 was evaluated over three rounds in two phases: development and prospective evaluation phases, by independent assessors both internal and external to the institutional ADR review processes. The characteristics and quality of ADR reports were subsequently assessed, and potential factors contributing to low-quality reports were identified.
Results
A total of 70 ADR reports were assessed; 20 in development and 50 in evaluation phases. The inter-rater reliability of AQUA-12 was found to be excellent in all three rounds (Cronbach’s alpha of ≥ 0.9, p < 0.001 for all). Approximately one in five reports concerned immediate hypersensitivity reactions while delayed hypersensitivity reactions constituted 60% of all reactions. AQUA-12 identified 18 (25.7%) reports as ‘low-quality’ with score of < 10. Identification of suspected drugs (37.1%), description of index ADR (27.1%) and key events (ADR narrative, 35.7%) were the top data elements incomplete or missing from all reports. Univariable analyses identified the severity of reaction as a factor associated with low quality of reports (p = 0.008).
Conclusions
AQUA-12 is a practical and highly reliable assessment tool that can be utilised in hospital settings to regularly monitor the completeness of ADR reports to guide quality improvement initiatives.
Prenatal methamphetamine hydrochloride exposure leads to signal transduction alteration and cell death in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala of male and female rats’ offspring
Authors: Maghsoudi Nader , Zare Nayereh , Mirbehbahani Seyed Hamidreza , Khodagholi Fariba , Khakpour Shahrzad , Mansouri Zahra , Yekta Batool Ghorbani
Published: June 2022

Background: In the last decade, there has been a great increase in methamphetamine hydrochloride (METH) abuse by pregnant women that exposes fetus and human offspring to a wide variety of developmental impairments that may be the underlying causes of future psychosocial issues. Objective: Herein we investigated whether prenatal METH exposure with different doses (2 and 5mg/kg) could influence neuronal cell death and antioxidant level in the different brain regions of adult male and female offspring.Methods: Adult male and female Sprague–Dawley rats prenatally exposed to METH (2 or 5mg/kg) and/or saline was used in this study. At week 12 adult rats' offspring were decapitated to collect different brain region tissues including amygdala (AMY), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and prefrontal cortices (PFC). Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the apoptosis and autophagy related markers, and enzymatic assay was used to measure the level of catalase and also reduced glutathione (GSH).Results: Our results showed that METH exposure during pregnancy increased the level of apoptosis (BAX/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3) and autophagy(Beclin-1 and LC3II/LC3I) in the PFC and AMY area of both male and female offspring’s brain. Also, we found an elevation in the GSH content of all three mentioned brain areas and catalase activity of PFC in the offspring's brain. Conclusion: Prenatally exposure to METH increased cell death at least partly via apoptosis and autophagy in AMY and PFC of male and female offspring’s brain, while the antioxidant system tried to protect cells in these regions.
Extension of the Composite Quality Score (CQS) as an appraisal tool for prospective, controlled clinical therapy trials (Preprint)
Authors: Mickenautsch Steffen , Rupf Stefan , Miletić Ivana , Yengopal Veerasamy
Published: June 2022

Aim: to conduct a survey of current meta-epidemiological studies to identify additional trial design characteristics that may be associated with significant over/under estimation of the treatment effect and to use such identified characteristics as basis for the formulation of new CQS appraisal criteria. Materials and methods: We retrieved eligible studies from two systematic reviews on this topic (latest search May 2015) and searched the databases PubMed and Embase for further studies from June 2015 – March 2022). All data were extracted by one author and verified by another. Sufficiently homogeneous estimates from single studies were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Trial design characteristics associated with statistically significant estimates from single datasets (which could not be pooled) and meta-analyses were used as basis to formulate new or to amend existing CQS criteria.Results: A total of 38 meta-epidemiological studies were identified. From these, seven trial design characteristics associated with statistically significant over- or under estimation of the true therapeutic effect were found.Conclusion: One new criterion concerning double blinding was added to the CQS and the original criteria for concealing the random allocation sequence and for minimum sample size amended.