bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VACCUM IS THE PREFERRED INSTRUMENT AMONG OBSTERICIANS IN RECENT TIMES
Authors: Gnanasekaran Vijayalakshmi , Kanamma Shantha , Dhinakaran Shanthi , Kalaiselvi Jikki
Published: March 2022

Obstetricians must be able to perform operative vaginal birth (OVB). It is the most common obstetric emergency intervention, and it necessitates a
high level of expertise. To nd out which tool obstetricians prefer when doing surgical vaginal births, as well as the prevalence and hazards of
vacuum or forceps assisted vaginal deliveries (AVD). The ACS Medical and Hospital in Chennai conducted this cross-sectional investigation. The
survey comprised 500 obstetricians in all. All obstetricians in Chennai were issued an online survey. The best approach for a given situation, tool
preference [vacuum or forceps], and perspectives on the difculties associated with both vacuum and forceps use during vaginal delivery were all
investigated. We calculated averages and percentages for the overall group and different subgroups based on the responses. The statistical analysis
comprised a risk assessment of the result with exposure as an appropriate p-value. The questionnaire had a response rate of 92 percent (460/500).
According to the data, obstetricians preferred vacuum because it was easier to use. The two groups had identical baseline characteristics. The most
prevalent complication was a failed vacuum owing to cup slippage (65%), followed by caput succedaneum (22%), both of which were statistically
signicant. The most important nding was that maternal injuries in the vacuum group were only 3%, which was signicantly lower than maternal
injuries in the forceps group (70%) with a p-value of 0.001. The majority of obstetricians seemed to prefer using a vacuum during delivery. The use
of a vacuum extractor instead of forceps for assisted delivery appeared to lower maternal morbidity, whereas neonatal injuries were more prevalent
in vacuum-delivered babies. The equipment chosen should be tailored to the patient's needs as well as the obstetrician's knowledge and skill.
A STUDY BETWEEN TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY AND NON-DESCENT VAGINAL HYSTERECTOMY IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: Aseri Rekha , solanki pankaj kumar
Published: February 2022

Objective: To study the safe procedure, intra and postoperative complication between abdominal and non descent
vaginal hysterectomy.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a period of six months in the Department of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology mdm jodhpr . Out of 100 hysterectomies, 68 were Total abdominal hysterectomy and 32
were Non descent vaginal hysterectomy. Basic characteristics of study were , duration of surgery, blood loss during
intraoperative,duration in hospital stay,intra and post operative complications were observed.
Result: Complication associate with Patients who had TAH was more than NDVH but there were no significant value in
both groups.
Conclusion: NDVH is safe and better option ascompared to TAH with decreased cost effective, decrease blood
lossduring surgery SO no need for blood transfusion, decrease complications during surgery and decrease post
operative pain as compare to TAH and no scar.
SEED IN APPENDICULAR LUMEN CAUSING APPENDICULAR PERFORATION - A CASE REPORT.
Authors: Kuila Satya Prakash , Behera Bidipta , Sekhar Sethi Sasank
Published: February 2022

A 24 year old male presented with acute onset pain in the right
lowe abdomen pain with fever and vomitting.on examination
patient was conscious,oriented with tachycardia(HR108/min) and blood pressure of 108/76 mm Hg.on palpation
of abdomen there was tenderness in the Mcburny's point with
localised guarding in the right iliac fossa and hypogastrium.
straight X-ray abdomen erect posture showed an opaque
shadow in the region of right iliac fossa. Clinical diagnosis of
acute appendicitis with ?perforation was made and
proceeded for surgery after initial stabilisation.
“A STUDY OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILE IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE”
Authors: Bhatt Dhaval , Kariya Deep , Bansal Keshav
Published: February 2022

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is commonly associated with protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and
failure to thrive in children. Children with congenital heart diseases are commonly malnourished irrespective of CHD.
The aim of the study is to assess the effect of CHD on growth and to identify the areas of growth affected with reference to
different anthropometric measurements.
Materials and Method: A case control observational study was carried out in children aged 0-12 years old with CHD in
the Department of Pediatrics, Kota. All patients underwent an anthropometric evaluation (weight, height/length, head
circumference,mid-arm circumference) and growth charts (NCHS and WHO) were used accordingly.
Results: We had total of 40 patients, 30 (75%) had acyanotic congenital malformation, while 10 (25%) had cyanotic
cardiac malformation. Majority, 17(77%) out of 22 cases above 5 years with CHD were underweight. Left to right shunt
children with acyanotic malformation were tended to have acute malnutrition and stunting was more severe in children
with cyanotic defects,with 100% of them affected.
Conclusion:A significantly higher number of children (82%) were underweight and 86% were stunted among children
with congenital heart disease. In conclusion it can be stated that children with congenital heart disease have highly
measurable significant growth retardation (P<0.05) by student t test.
QUEER IN SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET RUSSIAN LITERATURE
Authors: Jyoti Jyoti
Published: February 2022

This paper examines the reflection of queer sexuality in Russian literature and attempts to distinguish between Soviet
and post-Soviet recurring narratives and trends.Its purpose is to give an overview of queer sexuality during Soviet and
post-Soviet Russia. This paper reflects how this phenomenon was stifled during the Soviet era from the history of
literature and again reappeared in post-Soviet Russia. It also explores the writers with their works who worked on this
theme in the Soviet era and post-Soviet Russia.In addition,there are previously some notable works on this subject,for
instance:"Out of the Blue:Russia's Hidden Gay Literature:An Anthology (1997) ed.by Kevin Moss,Introduction by Simon
Karlinsky";and "Russian Gay and Lesbian Literature by Brian James Baer,which was published in The Cambridge History
of Gay and Lesbian Literature" (2014).
A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PRE-TREATMENT NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO PROGNOSTICATE POOR SURVIVAL OUTCOMES AND ADVANCED TUMOR STAGING IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADICAL CYSTECTOMY FOR BLADDER CANCER IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER.
Authors: Sharma Pritam , Panchumarthi U Chowdary , Devashish Choubey , Reddy Avinash , Kumar E Muneendra , Chidrawar Yogendra
Published: February 2022

Background:We aim to determine the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients undergoing
radical cystectomy for UCB,in particularly looking at the disease specific survival and overall survival.This will allow us
to better identify more suitable candidates for RC or other neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies.
Methods:This is retrospective study that includes 91 patients that underwent RC for UCB between Jan 2006 to Dec 2015.
We excluded 39 patients due to incomplete follow up and neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic treatment. All patients had
histological proven UCB via transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).All patients had undergone staging scans
with computed tomographies of the thorax,abdomen and pelvis to confirm the extent of disease.All patients underwent
RC and bilateral standard pelvic lymphadenectomies and achieve clear margins on final histology. Outcomes we
recorded are Median Disease – specific survival and Median overall survivals.
Results: The Median Disease – specific survival for patients with NLR ≥ 2.7 was 20.4 months and with NLR < 2.7 was 59.9
months.The Median overall survival for patients with NLR ≥ 2.7 was 21.1 months and with NLR < 2.7 was 58.2 months.
Conclusions:These results suggested that NLR could be a novel preoperative factor to stratify and identify patients who
might benefit from multimodal therapies in the treatment of UCB.
INTRAMUSCULAR HEMANGIOMA OF THE MASSETER MUSCLE:A CASE REPORT
Authors: Anandan K. , Priyadharshini S.Swetha , Kannan R.
Published: February 2022

Background - Intramuscular hemangiomas are benign vascular tumours that most frequently occur in the trunk and
extremities.They constitute about <1% of all hemangiomas, only 10%–20% have been found to arise in the head and
neck region, and 36% of cases involving masseter muscle.They usually present as gradually enlarging soft-tissue mass
with or without pain. They are located deep within the muscle, hence rarely exhibit clinical signs or symptoms such as
bruits, thrills, pulsation which are suggestive of vascular origin. Due to their rare occurrence, unique location they are
often confused with other soft-tissue pathologies such as parotid swelling or other muscular lesions.
Case report - 21 year old male came with complaints of swelling and pain over the left cheek for past 6 months which
was insidious in onset and non progressive.Patient did not have any history of trauma or increased salivation.On
examination swelling of about 2*2 cm over the left cheek,well defined,non tender,soft in consistency.There was no
pulsation,bruits or palpable thrill.There was no compressibility and the overlying skin was normal.There was no facial
nerve involvement and parotid duct orifice was normal.
Conclusion - The possibility of an Intramuscular hemangioma of the masseter muscle should be included in the
differential diagnosis of any intra-masseteric lesion. Appropriate radiologic examinations, especially MRI, can enhance
accurate preoperative diagnosis; the treatment of choice should be individualized in view of the clinical status of the
patient.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY ANTIEMETIC EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUS PALONOSETRON AND ONDANSETRON FOR THE PREVENTION OF INTRA-OPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING FOLLOWING SPINAL ANAESTHESIA DURING CESEAREAN SECTION.
Authors: Akhtar Md Jawed , Sinha Pramod Kumar , Kumar Dilip , Kumar Gaurav
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Intra-operative nausea and vomiting is one of the most common complications in
patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for cesearean section . This study is done to know the efficacy and safety of
administration of palonosetron and ondansetron in the prevention of intra operative nausea and vomiting in patients
undergoing spinal anaesthesia for cesearean section.
MATERIAL AND METHODS After obtaining the approval of institutional ethical committee a prospective
observational study was conducted for one years on 60 patients belonging to American Society of anaesthesiologists
grade I and II ( ASA I and II ) patients aged between 19 to 30 years scheduled for cesearean section under spinal
anaesthesia, the patients who fulfil the inclusion and exclusion criteria and willing to participate in the study were
included in the study.60 patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into two groups Group A
(patients receiving inj. palonosetron 75 micrograms I.V.) and Group B (patients receiving inj. ondansetron 4 milligrams
I.V.) before the induction of anaesthesia. Standard anaesthetic management was done in all cases. Incidence of intra
operative nausea and vomiting was recorded in all patients for the efficacy of palonosetron to ondansetron in the
prevention of intra operative nausea and vomiting was evaluated. Data was evaluated statistically using MS Exel 2007 and
MS Word 2007,mean,SD,and percentages generated.
RESULT AND CONCLUSION Both group A and group B had comparable demographic profile [(age, weight ASA grade,
duration of surgery). At the conclusion of the study it was found that the prophylactic usage of inj. Palonosetron 75 mcg I.V.
is more effective than inj. ondansetron in the prevention of intra operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing
spinal anaesthesia for cesearean section.
ENVIRO-LEGAL FACETS OF ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES AND MITIGATION MEASURES TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: M.A Shivakumar
Published: February 2022

The climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of
weather patterns and their changes over millions of years. It
may be referred to a change in average weather conditions or
change in the time variation of weather around long-term
average conditions.It is caused naturally by some geological
process augmented by the human beings through their
activities causing the process of global warming to hasten and
thereby creating alarming situation globally
COARCTATION OF ARCH OF AORTA WITH COARCTATION OF ABDOMINAL AORTA WITH TAKAYASU'S ARTERITIS IN PREGNANCY: A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Kania Prema , Salunke Rajkumar
Published: February 2022

Contemporary cohorts of patients with repaired aortic
coarctation (CoA) have good long-term survival but relatively
high cardiac complication rates, including re-coarctation in
34%, aortic aneurysms in 18%, hypertension in 32% and 13-
fold increased risk for ischaemic stroke as compared with
controls without congenital heart disease (1)
Allgemeine Staatslehre
Authors: Thiele Alexander
Published: February 2022

Vor welchen Herausforderungen steht der Staat?
Was macht den modernen Staat aus? Vor welchen Herausforderungen steht er im 21. Jahrhundert? Ist eine Allgemeine Staatslehre in Zeiten voranschreitender Globalisierung und eines (vermeintlichen) Untergangs des modernen Staates überhaupt noch zeitgemäß?
Das vorliegende Lehrbuch möchte Fragen mit einem Fokus auf den demokratischen Verfassungsstaat beantworten. Es richtet sich an Studierende der Rechts-, Politik- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften sowie an alle, die am „Wesen des Staates“ interessiert sind.
Diritto del lavoro e valori
Authors: Del Punta Riccardo
Published: March 2022

The author argues that the topic of values is strictly inherent to the labour law discourse. Law must not only be provided, but also justified, and this calls values into question. However, discussing values from the viewpoint of philosophy or law is profoundly different, as the legal discussion must consider what law is, in the historical context of its development.
The author then wonders if the classical values of labour law are still adequate, or if – as it is argued - they need to be revisited, for both conceptual and historical reasons, in order to promote the worker’s subjectivity. The problem of the relationship between labour law’s values and economic instances is finally addressed, arguing in favour of a dialogue between the two disciplines.
Tensioni tra tecniche e valori nella disciplina delle tutele sociali dei lavoratori flessibili
Authors: D'Onghia Madia
Published: March 2022

The essay deals with the social protections of atypical workers that represent an extraordinary proof of the link between values and regulatory techniques. The author points out that current legislation does not always provide adequate forms of social protection for atypical workers. For this reason, often, more effective protections have been recognized in the jurisprudential. Three examples are analyzed: 1) the extension of the principle referred to in art. 2116 of the Italian Civil Code, as well as subordination; 2) the method of calculating the contributory seniority in the vertical part-time for retirement purposes; 3) the right to family allowances for permanent temporary workers.
The author provides several points of reflection on the close intertwining of flexibility and social protections and on the need to move the plane of reasoning beyond the contract; it links rights and protections directly to the person entering the labour market and releases them from the status of worker.
تأثير برنامج تعليمي في تنمية مهارات التفكير المعرفي لدى أطفال الرياض
Authors: عطية أ.د. سعدي جاسم , ابراهيم م.د. ايمان يونس
Published: February 2022

يهدف البحث الحالي تعرف تأثير برنامج تعليمي في تنمية مهارات التفكير المعرفي لأطفال الرياض. والفروق بين الذكور والإناث في تنمية مهارات التفكير المعرفي، ولتحقيق أهداف البحث صيغت الفرضيات الآتية: -

1-لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط درجات الأطفال في المجموعة التجريبية الذين تعرضوا للبرنامج ومتوسط درجات الأطفال في المجموعة الضابطة الذين لم يتعرضوا للبرنامج تبعا" لمهارات التفكير المعرفي عند مستوى دلالة (0.01).

2-لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط درجات الذكور في المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسط درجات الإناث في المجموعة نفسها تبعا" لمهارات التفكير المعرفي عند مستوى دلالة (0.01).

    تم اختيار عينة البحث بشكل عشوائي وطبق البحث على عينة من (60) طفلاً وطفلة من اطفال التمهيدي في روضة النداء في مدينة بغداد. وتم توزيع أطفال العينة على مجموعتين، المجموعة التجريبية وتضم (30) طفلاً بواقع (15) ذكور و (15) اناث، والمجموعة الضابطة وتضم (30) طفلاً بواقع (15) ذكور و (15) إناث، وتحقيقاً لأهداف البحث قامت الباحثة ببناء برنامج لتنمية مهارات التفكير المعرفي تم تطبيقه عل اطفال المجموعة التجريبية، وقامت الباحثة بتطبيق قبلي لأختبار التفكير المعرفي على اطفال المجموعتين قبل تطبيق البرنامج، وتطبيق بعدي لأختبار التفكير المعرفي على اطفال المجموعتين بعد تطبيق البرنامج، واستخدمت الباحثة اختبار الذكاء لـ (رودلف بنتنر) للمجموعتين التجريبية والضابطة، واعتمدت الباحثة تصميم المجموعتين الضابطة والتجريبية ذات الأختبار البعدي فقط.

وتم تحليل البيانات ومعالجتها احصائياً باستخدام الأختبار التائي (T-Test) لعينتين مستقلتين، وتوصل الباحثان الى النتائج الآتية: -

1- يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط درجات الأطفال في المجموعة التجريبية الذين تعرضوا للبرنامج ومتوسط درجات الأطفال في المجموعة الضابطة الذين لم يتعرضوا للبرنامج تبعاً لمهارات التفكير المعرفي عند مستوى دلالة (0.01).

2- لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط درجات الذكور في المجموعة التجريبية ومتوسط درجات الإناث في المجموعة نفسها تبعاً لمهارات التفكير المعرفي عند مستوى دلالة (0.01).

واستكمالاً للبحث الحالي فقد توصل الباحثان إلى العديد من التوصيات والمقترحات.
مستوى التفكير المنظومي لتدريسي كليات التربية الاساسية وعلاقته بالتفكير الابداعي لطلبتهم
Authors: الساعدي أ.د. يوسف فالح محمد
Published: February 2022

يهدف البحث الحالي الى ( تعرف مستوى التفكير المنظومي لتدريسي كليات التربية الاساسية وعلاقته بالتفكير الابداعي لطلبتهم)، ولتحقيق هدف البحث لابد من الاجابة عن الاسئلة الاتية :-

ما مستوى التفكير المنظومي لتدريسيي كليات التربية الاساسية ؟

ما علاقة التفكير المنظومي للتدريسي كليات التربية الاساسية والتفكير الابداعي لطلبتهم ؟

ويتم ذلك من خلال التحقق من صحة الفرضية الصفرية الاتية (لا يوجد فرق ذا دلالة احصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0,05) بين العلاقة الارتباطية للتفكير المنظومي للتدريسيين والتفكير الابداعي لطلبتهم).

لتحقيق هدف البحث والإجابة عن الأسئلة والتحقق من صحة فرضيته اتبع الباحثان منهج البحث الوصفي، حدد مجتمع البحث من تدريسيي وطلبة كليات التربية الاساسية وكانت عينة البحث قصدية متمثلة ب ( تدريسيي وطلبة قسم العلوم / كلية التربية الاساسية / الجامعة المستنصرية)، اذ بلغ عدد التدريسيين (42)، اما طلبتهم في المرحلة الرابعة لقسم العلوم  فكان عددهم (100) طالب وطالبة.

ولغرض تحديد مستوى التفكير المنظومي لدى التدريسي والتفكير الابداعي لطلبتهم لطلبتهم اعد الباحثان ما يأتي:

أولا: مقياس للتفكير المنظومي للتدريسي كليات التربية الاساسية.

ثانياً: تبنى الباحث اختبار مقياس للتفكير الابداعي (الصورة اللفظية) المعدل من قبل السيد خير الله لسنة 1966.

وعولجت البيانات إحصائيا باستعمال معامل ارتباط بيرسون والكشف عن دلالة العلاقات الارتباطية بالاختبار التائي، واظهرت النتائج الاتية:

مستوى التفكير المنظومي لدى تدريسي قسم العلوم كلية التربية الاساسية (عالي).

لا توجود علاقة ذات دلالة احصائية بين التفكير المنظومي لتدريسيي كليات التربية الاساسية والتفكير الابداعي لطلبتهم.

في ضوء ما أسفرت عنه نتائج البحث يوصي الباحثان بما يأتي:

- إقامة الندوات لحث الكادر التدريسي في كليات التربية الاساسية عن تطوير تفكيرهم المنظومي.

كما اقترح الباحثان مايأتي:

-اجراء دراسة مماثلة على عينات من تدريسيي بقية الكليات والجامعات التربوية والعلمية لمعرفة مستوى التفكير المنظومي لديهم وعلاقته بالتفكير الابداعي لطلبتهم.
اثر التعلم النشط في تحصيل تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي في مادة الرياضيات
Authors: سعد م. علي راضي , محمد يوسف حسين , احمد رؤى محمد
Published: February 2022

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى معرفة اثر التعلم النشط في تحصيل تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي في مادة الرياضيات ، من خلال التحقق من صحة الفرضية الآتية:-

لا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى دلالة (0.05) بين متوسط درجات تلاميذ المجموعة التجريبية التي تدرس وفق التعلم النشط ومتوسط درجات تلاميذ المجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس بالطريقة التقليدية .

    اختار الباحث التصميم التجريبي ذات الضبط الجزئي ،,اقتصر البحث على تلاميذ الصف الخامس الابتدائي في (مدرسة الشعلة للبنين )التابعة للمديرية العامة لتربية بغداد / الكرخ الثالثة .

 كوفئت مجموعتا البحث في المتغيرات الاتية (العمر الزمني, اختبار الذكاء, درجات تحصيل العام السابق (2015- 2016)  .

      تم اختيار شعبتين بطريقة عشوائية مثلت إحداهما المجموعة التجريبية بلغ عدد افرادها(34) تلميذا، واخرى للمجموعة الضابطة بلغ عدد افرادها(31 )تلميذا ،و بهذا بلغ عدد افراد عينة الدراسة (65) طالبا بعد استبعاد التلاميذ الراسبين من مجموعتي البحث ، شملت مادة الدراسة الفصول الخمسة  من كتاب الرياضيات المقرر تدريسه للعام الدراسي (2016-2017).

     درس الباحث مجموعتي البحث بنفسه, ولقياس مستوى تحصيل التلاميذ أعد الباحث اختباراً تحصيلياً بعدياً مكوناً من (30) فقرة من نوع الاختيار من متعدد , تم عرضه على مجموعة من الخبراء والمحكمين , وتم حذف وتعديل بعض الفقرات , تحقق الباحث من صدقه بعد عرضه على مجموعة من الخبراء والمحكمين واستخرج ثباته وصعوبته وتمييزه. وفي نهاية التجربة تم تطبيق الإختبار التحصيلي البعدي, وتمت معالجة النتائج إحصائيا باستعمال الإختبار التائي (t. test) لعينتين مستقلتين .

  اظهرت النتائج تفوق تلاميذ المجموعة التجريبية التي تدرس وفق التعلم النشط على تلاميذ المجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس بالطريقة التقليدية في اختبار التحصيل .
خصائص الموهبة لدى اطفال الرياض
Authors: محمد م. اسيل اسماعيل
Published: February 2022

مشكلة البحث الحالي يمكن ان تحدد بالاجابة عن السوال الاتي (هل اطفال لديهم خصائص الموهبة ) ، وان اهمية البحث هو قياس خصائص الموهبة لدى اطفال الرياض وذلك لوضع مقياس و يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على خصائص الموهبة لدى طفل الروضة والتعرف على خصائص الموهبة لدى طفل الروضة حسب متغير الجنس (ذكور واناث) ، يتحدد البحث بالحدود البشرية اطفال الرياض مرحلة التمهيدي الحدود الزمانية :2018 /2019 والحدود المكانية : مديرية العامة لتربية الرصافة /الثالثة والحدود العلمية : مقياس خصائص الموهبة لدى اطفال الرياض (الزبيدي 2001) المكون من (50) فقره وتكون البدائل الاجابة على المقياس الموهبة (5،4،3،2،1) ، يجيب عن فقراتها اولياء الامور طبق المقياس على عينة (40) طفل وطفلة بواقع (20)طفل  و(20) طفلة  قامت الباحثة باستخراج الصدق الظاهري  وذلك من خلال عرض المقياس على مجموعة من الخبراء لتحقق من صلاحية الفقرات وتم حساب معامل ارتباط بيرسون بين درجات الافراد في التطبيق الاول ودرجاتهم في التطبيق الثاني وقد بلغ (0,85) وهي قيمة مقبولة استخدمت الباحثة الوسائل الاحصائية ،معامل ارتباط بيرسون لاستخراج الثبات بطريقة اعادة الاختبار والاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة والاختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين لمعرفة الفروق في الجنس (ذكور واناث) على مقياس الموهبة وظهرت نتائج تتمتع افراد عينة رياض الاطفال بمستوى منخفض من خصائص الموهبة لدى الاطفال الرياض وذلك جاءت متوسط حسابي اكبر من المتوسط الفرضي هناك فرية في خصائص الموهبة بين للذكور والاناث لصالح الاناث
FABRICATION OF THE P-N JUNCTION ULTRAVIOLET PHOTODETECTORS BASED ON METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES
Authors: KAYA İsmail Cihan
Published: March 2022

Recently, wide bandgap metal oxides have attracted tremendous attention in the field of UV photodetectors due to their promising optoelectronic properties. Up to now, various approaches have been used to design metal oxide-based UV photodetectors. Among these designs, p-n junction UV photodetectors exhibited remarkable performance. In this study, TiO2/CuCrO2 p-n junction as a UV photodetector was fabricated with spin coating method for the first time. The morphological and optical properties of the fabricated devices were investigated in detail. Moreover, the effect of the CuCrO2 thickness on the performance of the UV photodetector was explored. The fabricated devices showed promising diode behavior and UV response. The responsivity (R) and specific detectivity (D*) of the best device were 3.11 mA/W and 2.37x1011 Jones, respectively at -1.5 V under 3 mW/cm2 light intensity.
التكاملية في قراءة النصِّ القرآنيّ وفهمه
Authors: محمد أ.م.د. حيدر علي نعمة
Published: February 2022

تعرَّض البحثُ لبيان أحد أهمِّ الجوانب العامة والظواهر المهمة التي لا بدَّ من توافرها لمن يروم الفهم السليم والمتكامل للنصوص العربية والشرعية على حدٍّ سواء؛ ولا سيَّما القرآنية منها؛ فجاءت الدراسة في خمسة مباحث، تناولتُ في المبحث الأول ضرورة التعامل مع النصِّ كوحدة واحدة لا ﭐجتزاء فيها ولا بتر، وأثر ذلك في تحقيق التكامل، في حين درستُ في المبحث الثاني ظاهرة السياق وأثرها في تحقيق التكاملية، وعرَّجتُ في المبحث الثالث على دراسة أثر تضافر العناصر اللغوية وتكاتفها وتكاملها في أداء المعنى، وجاء المبحث الرابع ليُسلِّط الضوء على أهمِّ العناصر والظروف والملابسات والاعتبارات الأخرى ومدى إسهامها في تحقيق التكامل بغية بلوغ الفهم التامّ، ودرستُ في المبحث الخامس والأخير طريقة الأداء اللغوي وأثرها في توجيه النصِّ تحقيق التكامل؛ لتأتي الخاتمة بعد ذلك لتكتنف نتائجَ البحث وأهمَّ ما توصَّل إليه، متلوَّة بسردٍ مُسلسلٍ ومفصلٍ لأهمِّ المصادر والمراجع التي أفدتُ منها في إثراء المادة العلمية للبحث.
تقويم مشاريع التخرج التشكيلية في ضوء تقنيات فنون ما بعد الحداثة
Authors: عـلـي م. شـيـمـاء ابـراهـيـم محـمـد
Published: February 2022

يكشف البحث الحاليّ عن اتجاهات فنون ما بعد الحداثة في مشاريع التخرج التشكيلية لطلبة قسم التربية الفنية/ كلية الفنون الجميلة/ جامعة بغداد 2010-2011 ، والبالغ عددها (10) لوحات عينة البحث ، قد تم تحليلها في ضوء استمارة التحليل التي تم بناؤها على وفق ما جاء في أدبيات الإطار النظري ومؤشراته وما أفادت الباحثة من الدراسات السابقة ، وأبرز ما توصل إليه البحث من نتائج هو: أن مشاريع التخرج التشكيلية تتميز بخصائص فنية وتقنية لاتجاهات فنون ما بعد الحداثة، وان أغلب تلك الأعمال الفنية للطلبة كانت تتميز بخصائص فنية وتقنية ضمن اتجاه التعبيرية التجريدية تحديدا.
العلاقات الزواجية والتغير الثقافيّ في المجتمع العراقي
Authors: عطية م.د. علي حسين حطيم
Published: February 2022

تعد العلاقات الزواجية والتغير الثقافّي الذي طرأ على المجتمع العراقي من الموضوعات الأساسية التي حظيت باهتمام المتخصصين وعنايتهم في الدراسات الانثروبولوجية والاجتماعية؛ لما لها من تغير في نظم الزواج وتأثيرها في بناء الأسرة والمجتمع على حد سواء، وتضمن البحث المحاور الآتية:

المقدمة، تضمنت خلاصة عن طبيعة ومهام العلاقات الزواجية وعلاقتها بالتغير الثقافي، وأهمية تلك العلاقات للزوجين.

أولًا/ الإطار العام للبحث، وتضمن مشكلة البحث وأهميته، فضلاً عن الهدف من البحث.

ثانيًا/ المفاهيم الواردة في الدراسة: (الزواج، التغير الثقافيّ، التكيف، شريك الحياة)

ثالثًا/ أهداف الزواج.

رابعًا/ العوامل المؤثرة في اختيار شريك الحياة.

خامسًا/ التكيف والتوافق في الحياة الزواجية.

سادسًا/ العوامل المؤدية إلى اضطراب العلاقات الزواجية.

سابعًا/ النتائج والتوصيات.
براعة الأداء الفني في رائية الأخطل
Authors: إبراهيم م.د. علي ضيدان
Published: February 2022

ضمَّ البحث ثلاثة محاور رئيسة، درستُ في محورها الأول الوحدة الموضوعية للقصيدة، ثم عرجتُ على دراسة الصورة الشعرية التي انفتحت على صورة المرأة والخمرة والمديح والوشاة والفخر والهجاء، ثم تابعتُ منجزات فنية داخلية منحت القصيدة حيوية الأداء وقدرة التعبير تمثل في إطار الإيقاع الموسيقي الذي استقطب الزخم النفسي والفكري للشاعر، وانتهى البحث بخاتمة لخصتُ أهم نتائج تلك الوقفات .
Bir Teke (Capra hircus)’de Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)’dan Kaynaklanan Preputial Myiasis Olgusu
Authors: EREN Gökhan , AÇICI Mustafa , GÜRLER Ali Tümay , BÖLÜKBAŞ Cenk Soner , UMUR Şinasi
Published: March 2022

Myiasis terimi özellikle Calliphorid, Muscid ve Sarcophagid gibi bazı diptera türlerinin ergin formlarının parazit olmadığı halde, larva formlarının insan ve omurgalı hayvanların nekrotik, canlı veya ölü dokularıyla ya da vücut dokularındaki sıvılar veya sindirilmiş gıdalarda beslenmesi sırasında meydana gelen bir hastalıktır. Özellikle sığır, koyun ve keçi yetiştiriciliğin yaygın olduğu tropik ve subtropik ülkelerin kırsal kesimlerinde myiasis insanlarda ve hayvanlarda ciddi ekonomik kayıplara ve sağlık sorunlarına neden olmaktadır. Myiasis olgusu parazit-konak ilişkilerine veya yerleştikleri doku ve organlara göre birçok şekilde sınıflandırılmaktadır: konakların deri yüzeyine yerleşirse eksternal myiasis; iç organlara veya vücut boşluklarına yerleşirse internal myiasis gibi. Kurbanlık bir tekenin prepusiyumundan toplanan diptera larvaları teşhis amacıyla %70’lik etil alkol içerisinde parazitoloji laboratuvarına getirilmiştir. Yapılan mikroskobik incelemede örnekler Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)’nın üçüncü dönem larvaları olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma bir tekede Türkiye’de ilk W. magnifica kaynaklı preputial myiasis olgusu bildirimi ile birlikte, Türkiye’de eksternal ve internal myiasis olgularının toplu bir şekilde sunumu amaçlanmıştır.
Basel III and the Future of Project Finance Funding
Authors: Ma Tianze
Published: March 2022

This paper seeks to analyze the new requirements in the Basel III banking regulatory framework and explore their impact on commercial banks’ project finance portfolio. The paper begins with a general introduction of the Basel Accords, followed by an analysis of the changes in the Basel III requirements and their potential impact on project finance, in particular the effects of the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) and the net stable funding ratio (NSFR). The paper ends with a discussion of alternative sources of project finance funding that emerged as a result of the new regulatory regime.
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF MOTHER TONGUE-BASED TEACHERS IN IP SCHOOLS: STORIES TO TELL
Authors: Jonathan P. Corlet  , Mary Ann E. tarusan
Published: February 2022

This study’s general objective was successfully achieved by revealing the lived experiences of Mother Tongue-Based teachers in IP schools that implement the MTB-MLE. This qualitative research utilized the phenomenological design and secured the rich data from the in-depth interview and focus group discussion of the lived experiences of Mother Tongue-Based teachers in IP schools. There were eight teacher-participants for the in-depth interviews and seven teacher-participants for the focus group discussion from public elementary schools in the IP communities. The IP school teachers’ experiences, both positive and negative, or even if it shows ease or difficulties, were recorded, interpreted, and analyzed through thematic analysis extracted all the essential themes from the participants’ responses. It has been observed that all the participants provided a positive and negative feedback on the Mother Tongue implementation. The struggles of Mother Tongue-Based teachers in IP schools developed essential themes such as Highly tasking instructional responsibilities, Challenging use of native dialects, Difficulty with unfamiliar terminologies, Negative effects on English literacy, and Aiming for positive learning outcomes. On the coping strategies employed by the MTB-MLE teachers, the following themes were observed: Self-retooling activities, Diversified teaching methods, Contextualized instructional delivery, Individualized instructions, and Acquaintance with the community. While on the insights shared by MTB-MLE teachers to the community, developed these themes: Need for social support, Provision of in-service training, Deep understanding of learner’s needs, Enhancement of student-teacher relationship, and Enrichment of native languages.
KEYWORDS: multilingual education, mother tongue, lived experiences, phenomenology, challenges, coping strategies, IP school teachers, Philippines
Determinants of Traditional Contraceptive use among Women
Authors: Chabibah Ike Fitrah Atul , Satriyandari Yekti
Published: February 2022

Background: Population growth in Indonesia remains high and itconstitutes a population problem which requires the enactment of population policy, namely by reducing the growth rate as low as possible through the family planning programs. 3.8% of women of childbearing age (WCA) in Indonesia still choose to use the traditional family planning methods, including the use of natural ingredients or herbal medicine as the traditional contraception, the use of coitus interruptus method, and the use of calendar method which is lower in effectiveness than modern contraceptive methods.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review determinants of traditional contraceptive use among women.
Methods: Four databases were used to organize this scoping review, namely PubMed, JSTOR, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. These databases wereconsidered to be relevant on condition thatthe scoping review research questions could be answered through the search ofarticles using keywords. To obtain the relevant articles, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were set, then the articles were selected through the PRISMA flow chart. After that, a critical appraisal was conducted to assess the quality of each article, the articles were further condensed using data charting, an evidence-based analysis was compiled, and the results were reported.
Results: This study resulted in thefinding of 9 theme-related articles whose research characteristics consisted of grade A for 6 articles, grade B for 1 article, which all employed cross sectional research method, and grade Good for 2 qualitative design articles.These articles were obtained from developing countries. The limitation of this study was that not all factors contained in the collection of articles were discussed by the researchersdue to the lack of comparison journals which matched the theme.
Conclusion: The results of scoping review from the titledeterminants of traditional contraceptive use among womenrevealed that there were several related factors including age, education level, economic status, parity, husband’s support, culture and information systems. Based on the 9 articles in this scoping review, the research results on factors related to the use of traditional family planningmethods were supported. However, not all factors such as sexual behavior, smoking, religious prohibitions, health problems and service quality could be studied in depth due to the limited comparison journals. Therefore, the researchers expect that further research can cover all factors related to the use of traditional family planning methods in order to develop knowledge concerning the traditional contraceptive use, and it is expected that the results of this studycanserve the material for government policy making in future family planning programs.
The Correlation Between Demographic Factors (Education, Occupation, and Risk Zonation of Covid – 19) and Anxiety Levels of Pregnant Women During The Covid – 19’s Pandemic
Authors: Fauziah Ida , Christanti Putri Dwi , Krianto Tri
Published: February 2022

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on several sectors including the health sector, especially maternal and child health services. The policies and restrictions imposed during the Covid-19 pandemic certainly caused MCH services did not function optimally, even pregnant women's visits to health services were recorded to decline during the start of the pandemic before the introduction of new normal. This condition certainly has a substantial negative psychological effect, especially for pregnant women.
Purpose: to determine the correlation between demographic factors and anxiety levels of pregnant women during the pandemic.
Methods: This research used quantitative research by using an online questionnaire with a cross-sectional study design, and the number of respondents was 122 people using purposive sampling technique.
Results: As many as 66% of respondents with higher education level, with the type of activity 58% work, as many as 45% live in the red zone or high risk of covid-19, and 72% were inhighlevel of anxiety. The results of statistical tests between the level of education, occupation, and risk zonation of covid – 19 on the level of anxiety, respectively, with p-values ??of 0.079, 0.256, and 0.546
Conclusion: Statistically, there was no correlation between the level of education, occupation, and risk zonation for Covid-19 on the level of anxiety of pregnant women in carrying out antenatal care.Health care providers are advised to provide extra services to pregnant women during the new normal era by providing service options through teleconsultation and tele-registration to shorten the duration of interaction and reduce the risk of exposure to the COVID-19 virus.
Menstruation, Hygiene Practice and Menstrual Distress in Female Undergraduate Students
Authors: Kido Kumiko , Hirai Ayana , Kasai Yuka , Uemura Yuko
Published: February 2022

Background: Currently, there is no up-to-date survey on actual menstruation, including recent changes in the amount of menstrual blood loss in women as the age of the first menstruation decreases in Japan. Also, few study has examined whether temperature in clothing reflecting with basal body temperature and other factors are related to menstruation-associated symptoms.
Purpose: The study aimed to determine the actual menstruation, the change in the number of sanitary napkins and menstrual distress during one menstrual cycle, and the predictive factors of menstrual distress.
Methods: The samples were eight university students over the age of 20. This study was conducted from the end of June to the end of September 2020. They were asked to undertake the following: menstrual cycle, length of menstruation; the amount of menstrual blood loss; changing sanitary napkins; the Japanese version of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (J-MDQ). The J-MDQ consists of 47 questions answered on a scale of 0 to 3, with a higher score indicating more severe menstruation-related symptoms, within a week before, during and a week after menstruation. Multiple liner regression and Friedman test were conducted as statistical analysis.
Results: The volume of menstrual blood loss increased drastically on the second day of the menstruation, and rapidly decreased from the third day. Napkin changing was also most frequent on the second day, however there is no correlation between the volume of menstrual blood and the number of times changing sanitary napkins after the second day of menstruation. The total J-MDQ during menstruation was significantly higher than pre and after menstruation (P<0.05). The duration of blood flow were associated with J-MDQ.
Conclusions: Appropriate changing sanitary napkins needs to be recommended to improve for vulvar hygiene. The menstrual distress was highest during menstruation.
A CORRELATION BETWEEN VOCABULARY MASTERY AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE TOWARDS READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Resmisari Diah , Sitepu Julyanta Br
Published: March 2022

This research aims to prove a correlation between Vocabulary Mastery and Emotional Intelligence towards Reading Comprehension (Survey of State Junior High School Students in Bekasi Regency). This research employs a survey of regression and correlation analysis using the SPSS program. There are three variables in this research: two independent variables (vocabulary mastery and emotional intelligence), and one dependent variable (reading comprehension). The data is gathered through vocabulary and reading comprehension tests, as well as a questionnaire on emotional intelligence. Following an analysis of the research variables, the following conclusion can be drawn: (1) There is a significant correlation of vocabulary mastery and emotional intelligence together on students' ability to understand English reading as evidenced by the acquisition of Sig scores. 0.000 < 0.05 and Fh= 20.095 or 29.3%, (2) there is a significant correlation of vocabulary mastery on students' ability to understand English reading as evidenced by the acquisition of Sig scores. 0.002 < 0.05 and t-test= 3.164 or 14.45%, (3) there is a significant correlation of emotional intelligence on the ability to understand students' English reading as evidenced by the acquisition of Sig scores. 0.002 < 0.05 and t-test= 3.233 or 14.87%.
Lactoferrin-mediated Changes In Melanin And Moisture Levels In U V - A Exposed Mice
Authors: Izumo Nobuo
Published: March 2022

Background: Lactoferrin, known to be present in mammalian milk, affects immune function. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of lactoferrin on skin moisture and melanin levels in ultraviolet (UV) A-exposed mice.

Methods and Findings: Male C57BL/6J mice were administered water or lactoferrin (100mg/kg body weight) via oral gavage and exposed to UV-A. Melanin and moisture levels were measured at 5, 10, and 15 weeks using a moisture checker and mobile skin tone (n=10 or 6, 5 and 10 weeks; n=5 or 4, 15 weeks, respectively). UV-A exposure significantly reduced moisture levels after 5 weeks, which continued over the 15-week duration. Melanin levels were increased significantly after 10 weeks. Treatment with lactoferrin for 15 weeks significantly enhanced moisture levels, reduced by UV-A exposure. Melanin levels were significantly decreased after 15 weeks when compared with the UV-A exposure group.

Conclusions: Lactoferrin restored moisture and melanin levels in UV-A-exposed mice. The present study demonstrates the effect of lactoferrin following UV-A exposure. Dietary lactoferrin intake could prevent UV-induced reduction in moisture and enhanced melanin levels.
Cultivating a Sense of Belonging and Promoting Sports Fans' Travel Intentions: Evidence From an Emerging Economy Market
Authors: Peng Norman , Chen Annie , Barnes Bradley R. , Kladou Stella
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study is to examine Chinese football fans' sense of belonging to the virtual communities of their favorite European teams and their intention to visit Europe and watch a live match. Drawing on a survey of 488 Chinese football fans, the findings reveal that ideal self-congruence,
brand identification, and the ability of virtual communities affect fans' sense of belonging. Finally, sense of belonging influences fans' travel intentions, and a positive attitude toward the destination and city strengthens the positive relationship between sense of belonging and the intention
to travel.
Movie-Induced Tourism for Bollywood: Event Study-based Analysis
Authors: Kumar Saurabh
Published: March 2022

Movie-induced tourism is significant for destination marketing. Although various studies have analyzed movie-induced tourism in the past, none of the earlier studies have investigated the movie-induced tourism for Bollywood movies. The present study fills the gap and examines the movie-induced tourism for Bollywood movies. The data has been collected for a total of 86 Bollywood movies, and the tourist location it promotes in the movie. The study further employs the event study methodology to understand the influence of the release of the movies on the number of tourists visiting the particular location. The results of the event study suggest that the tourism of a specific place is highly influenced by the movies and thus validated the movie-induced tourism for Bollywood movies. The findings of the study could be used to promote lesser-known regions by portraying them in Bollywood movies and then by subsequent promotions.
Is it possible to individualize biological treatment in inflammatory bowel disease?
Authors: Olmedo Martín RV
Published: March 2022

La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) engloba una serie de trastornos crónicos que afectan primariamente al tracto gastrointestinal, con una patogenia compleja, una presentación clínica heterogénea y una gran variedad de vías inflamatorias que perpetúan el daño intestinal. Tras la introducción de las primeras terapias biológicas, el número de tratamientos se ha ido expandiendo constantemente y se esperan nuevas moléculas en los próximos años. Datos de ensayos clínicos y práctica real, señalan que hasta un 40% de los pacientes no responden a un tratamiento determinado. Hasta el momento, los clínicos no disponen de herramientas validadas que puedan predecir la respuesta al tratamiento en cada paciente y que guíen en la elección sobre cuál tratamiento administrar. Varios biomarcadores candidatos se han investigado con resultados discordantes: clínicos, genéticos, inmunológicos, farmacocinéticos y microbianos. Recientes datos apoyan que los modelos multiparamétricos parecen prometedores en la predicción de la respuesta al tratamiento. En esta revisión narrativa, nos proponemos resumir el estado actual sobre los predictores y marcadores precoces de respuesta a las terapias biológicas en EII y la individualización del tratamiento, así como dar a conocer las iniciativas en marcha para su desarrollo y aplicación en práctica clínica real.
A Meritocracia Neoliberal e o Desafio de Garantir a Justiça Social
Authors: Stankevecz Rafael Velloso , Bertoncini Mateus
Published: February 2022

Neste artigo procurou-se demonstrar as fases através do qual o Estado se fundamentou com o decorrer dos séculos, passando do Absolutismo Monárquico ao Estado liberal, depois para Estado do bem-estar social, até chegar ao Neoliberalismo, com o resgate de princípios do capitalismo liberal e marcado pela privatização, não apenas das empresas estatais, mas também dos serviços sociais. Como consequência, o acesso a estes serviços acaba sendo atribuído ao mérito e ao desempenho, aumentando as desigualdades sociais. Portanto, propõe-se um debate sobre a promoção da justiça social, equilibrando-se os ideais neoliberais e socialdemocratas, sem se perder de vista a ideia de mínimo existencial e a importância do Estado de Bem-Estar Social definido pela Constituição brasileira.
Retos en la formación y superación de jueces para su desempeño profesional
Authors: Paneque Oliva Virgen Figueredo , Espinosa Elena Lopez
Published: February 2022

La presente investigación responde a la necesidad de perfeccionar uno de los campos de actuación del juez en la formación permanente y superación profesional en correspondencia con la solución de conflictos civiles por tanto resulta necesario considerar el carácter integrado de saberes como categoría esencial que dinamice el proceso que se modela en la solución de problemas profesionales en virtud de la innovación articulando dos ciencias que armonizan la toma de decisiones con sus aportes en la actuación del juez, (Ciencias Pedagógicas y Ciencias Jurídicas). Los objetivos del mismo están encaminados a exponer los referentes teóricos que entrañan: la filosofía, sociología, psicología y pedagogía por las que han de transitar la superación profesional de este sujeto de Derecho específicamente para fortalecer el posgrado.
O Princípio da Fundamentação das Decisões Judiciais na Realidade dos Tribunais
Authors: Jacintho Jussara Maria Moreno , Cruz Jorge Flavio Santana
Published: February 2022

As sociedades modernas têm sofrido grandes transformações com o avanço da globalização e das inovações tecnológicas. Essas mudanças impactam as relações sociais, a economia e a ordem jurídica dos países. A partir da Constituição de 1988, surgiram novas formas de interpretar o direito dando maior segurança e harmonia ao sistema. No Brasil, devido à existência de maiores demandas na sociedade e com os crescentes déficits fiscais, o Poder Judiciário ganhou relevância ao assumir o papel de protagonista nesse jogo, influenciando cada vez mais positivamente o sistema através de suas decisões, unificando a jurisprudência, privilegiando a duração razoável do processo.
A Responsabilidade Civil e Ambiental Pelo Descarte de Produtos ou Insumos Utilizados na Prevenção e Tratamento do Coronavírus: A Impossibilidade de Penalizar Toda a Sociedade
Authors: Toaldo Adriane Medianeira , Cavalheiro Caroline Da Rosa
Published: February 2022

A pandemia do coronavírus criou novos hábitos na população, principalmente nos setores da indústria, comércio e prestação de serviços, que passou a adotar a utilização frequente de equipamentos de segurança individual. Com isto, o descarte destes produtos tornou-se uma questão de saúde pública e de preocupação ambiental. O presente artigo tem como objetivo debater a responsabilidade civil e ambiental previstas na legislação brasileira a respeito do tratamento deste tipo de resíduo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, elaborada a partir do método monográfico, com fulcro na abordagem hipotético-dedutiva. Concluiu-se que o descarte correto dos equipamentos de proteção individual faz parte da rotina de prevenção durante a pandemia, além de estar em consonância com a saúde das pessoas e com a proteção do meio ambiente, como prediz a legislação vigente. Nos casos em que não for cumprida a regra, cabe reparação dos danos pelo prejuízo causado à população bem como pela agressão à natureza, nos termos processuais que envolvem o instituto da responsabilidade civil. No entanto, a dimensão da pandemia implica em penalizar uma parte muito grande da população e das organizações, visto que todos estão produzindo resíduos perigosos e não poderiam, sob pena de implosão do sistema jurídico, ser penalizados.