bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelación econométrica de la demanda de semilla de chile dulce Lamuyo y Blocky en Costa Rica mediante series de tiempo univariadas
Authors: Paniagua Molina Javier
Published: December 2018

Se realizó una investigación para contar con una forma de estimación de la demanda de semilla de hibridos comercializas de hortalizas, en este caso, de los híbridos de chile dulce del tipo Lamuyo y Blocky. El interés es contribuir con la reducción de la incertidumbre en la planificación estratégicas de empresas interesadas de incursionar este la producción de semilla de híbridos como resultado de mejoramiento genético logrado por iniciativas locales. 

La serie de tiempo anual del área cosechada de chile dulce fue empleada como base para crear un modelo de pronostico y a partir del análisis de las estadísticas de importación, se estimó la probabilidad de que sea chile dulce y la probabilidad de ser del tipo Lamuyo o Blocky. 

El modelo generó buenos pronósticos para varios años en el futuro, con intervalos de confianza estables, no obstante, es recomendable que se incorporen los nuevos datos que se presenten cada año y se vuelva a correr el modelo para rectificar las proyecciones, dado que estos modelos fueron creados para ser aplicados a pronósticos de corto plazo.
Estudio técnico y financiero para la producción de una hectárea de higo (Ficus carica) en Tierra Blanca de Cartago, Costa Rica
Authors: Abarca Arias Dayana , Moreira Delgado Francini , Redondo Gómez Sulay , Sánchez Zúñiga Alexander , Morales Abarca Fernando
Published: December 2018

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la viabilidad técnica y financiera de producir una hectárea de higo (Ficus carica), para un período de diez años, en la zona de Tierra Blanca de Cartago, lugar donde se produce la mayor cantidad de higo a nivel nacional. En esta investigación se estableció la viabilidad comercial, técnica, ambiental, legal y financiera del cultivo. Mediante la exploración del mercado se determinó la demanda aparente y el precio del higo. El estudio técnico concluyó que el distrito de Tierra Blanca es la zona que más se ajusta a los requerimientos para el cultivo del higo. El estudio ambiental mostró que, al pasar de un terreno dedicado a cebolla y zanahoria, a uno dedicado al cultivo de higo, los componentes de agua y aire se ven favorecidos. Finalmente, en el estudio financiero se logró determinar que el proyecto es rentable, presentando una TIR de un 28% y un VAN de 25.340.833 Colones, aproximadamente US $40.450.
Producción y rendimiento del cultivo de la piña (ananas comosus) en Costa Rica, periodo 1984-2014
Authors: Morales Abarca Luis Fernando
Published: December 2018

El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar los datos de producción, a nivel macro, del cultivo de la piña fresca en Costa Rica, con el fin de analizar aspectos generales sobre la evolución de la producción entre 1984 y el 2014. Los datos utilizados están disponibles en las estadísticas oficiales de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO-FAOSTAT) e INFOAGRO de Costa Rica. La principal conclusión fue que la producción de la piña en Costa Rica experimentó incrementos significativos, al pasar de un volumen de producción de 24 200 toneladas, en 1984, a 2 915 628 toneladas, en el 2014, lo cual ubica al país entre los principales países productores y exportadores de piña fresca. La productividad pasó de un rendimiento físico de 24,2 Tm/ha, en 1984, a 77,4 Tm/ha, en el 2014. Estos datos muestran un crecimiento en el rendimiento físico de un 220 %, lo cual representa, en términos generales, un logro importante para las empresas dedicadas a la producción y exportación de la piña fresca en Costa Rica.
L'intégration de l'EMDR dans une psychothérapie évolutionniste novatrice : une étude de cas de dépression post-partum
Authors: Krupnik Valery
Published: December 2018

La dépression constitue l'un des troubles psychiatriques les plus fréquents. La dépression post-partum affecte environ 9 % des femmes qui accouchent. Malgré des progrès importants en recherche, pharmacothérapie et psychothérapie, les troubles dépressifs demeurent difficiles à traiter. L'application de la psychothérapie EMDR (désensibilisation et retraitement par les mouvements oculaires) à la dépression connaît un retard par rapport à son utilisation dans le traitement de troubles anxieux ou dans le domaine du trauma. Je présente deux cas de dépression post-partum qui ont été traités avec succès à l'aide d'une psychothérapie combinée intégrant l'EMDR dans un cadre psychothérapeutique novateur, développé spécialement pour les troubles dépressifs et fondé sur la théorie évolutionnaire de la dépression : « traiter la dépression en descente » (treating depression downhill [TDD]). Dans la psychothérapie intégrée TDD-EMDR, j'ai apporté quelques ajustements au protocole EMDR standard, de telle sorte que le choix et le type de cibles, le cadre cognitif et le changement affectif attendu sont déterminés par le cadre TDD. Les cas décrits illustrent le processus thérapeutique, y compris les modifications apportées aux procédures EMDR standard ainsi que les résultats du traitement. J'identifie et traite des différences entre la théorie de l'EMDR et celle du TDD.
Thérapie EMDR et psycho-oncologie : un pont entre le corps et l'esprit
Authors: Faretta Elisa , Civilotti Cristina
Published: December 2018

Parmi les maladies potentiellement mortelles, le cancer est l'une des plus traumatisantes et des plus génératrices de détresse. Il impacte le sens même de l'identité de l'individu et perturbe chez lui des caractéristiques essentielles, en rapport direct avec la conscience de soi et le caractère unique de la personne. Il attaque l'intégrité physique des patients, amenant la question de la mort au premier plan, et peut mettre en cause directement leur sentiment d'appartenance aux micro- et macro-systèmes sociaux autour d'eux. Cet article souligne l'importance de comprendre que souffrance psychologique et douleur physique sont étroitement interconnectées et, dans le contexte de la psycho-oncologie, propose une perspective clinique basée sur l'approche de désensibilisation et de retraitement par les mouvements oculaires (EMDR), approche pour laquelle l'événement qu'est le cancer est inscrit dans l'histoire de vie du patient. L'EMDR est une approche thérapeutique fondée sur le modèle du traitement adaptatif de l'information (TAI). Le modèle TAI postule que la psychopathologie apparaît quand des expériences non traitées sont enregistrées dans leur propre réseau neuronal et se trouvent dans l'impossibilité de se connecter à d'autres réseaux plus adaptatifs. Dans cette perspective, on suppose que le noyau de la souffrance clinique est enchâssé dans ces souvenirs qui demeurent en suspens de façon dysfonctionnelle. Selon des articles scientifiques récents que nous présentons dans cet article, il semble que les traumas du passé et les traumas liés au cancer entretiennent un cercle vicieux entre la santé psychologique et physique de l'individu, et l'objectif de la thérapie EMDR est de briser ce cercle. De récentes recherches scientifiques avancent l'hypothèse que le thérapie EMDR est efficace au niveau psychologique comme au niveau physique. Cependant, à cause de l'hétérogénéité générale des protocoles de recherche, les résultats rapportés dans cet article soulignent la nécessité de mener d'autres recherches contrôlées afin de permettre une analyse plus complète.
Alanyurt (Afyonkarahisar) Killerinin Jeolojisi ve Mineralojisi
Authors: Kuşcu Mustafa , Yıldız Ahmet
Published: December 2018

İnceleme alanının temelinde Paleozoyik yaşlı Afyon

metamorfitleri yer almaktadır. Formasyon Doğanlar şisti ve İscehisar

mermerlerinden oluşmaktadır. Senozoyik yaşlı Gebeceler formasyonu ve Afyon

volkanitleri temel kayaçları üzerine uyumsuz olarak gelmiştir. Kuvaterner yaşlı

alüvyal çökeller Senozoyik yaşlı birimleri uyumsuz olarak örtmektedirler. Afyon

volkanitleri Afyonkarahisar ve çevresinde Miyosen döneminde etkili olan

volkanik faaliyetlerin sonucu oluşmuşlardır. Alt-Orta Miyosen yaşlı Köroğlu

Kaldera’sının oluşturduğu Seydiler ignimbiritleri ve andezit, trakiandezit

bileşimli lavlar tarafından temsil edilen volkanik kayaçlar Afyonkarahisar’ın

kuzeyinde geniş alanlar kaplamaktadır. Bu çalışma Alanyurt (Afyonkarahisar) bölgesindeki

killerin jeolojik ve mineralojik-petrografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

amacıyla yapılmıştır. Alanyurt killeri Seydiler ignimbiritlerinin ayrışması

sonucu oluşmuştur. Seydiler ignimbritlerinin üst bölümleri masif seviyelerden

oluşurken, alt bölümlerinde ise tabakalı yapı belirgindir. Genellikle beyaz ve

krem renkli olan birimin rengi alterasyonun etkisiyle açık sarı, sarımsı

kırmızı ve açık yeşile doğru değişim sunmuştur. Alanyurt killerinin toplam

kalınlığı 200m’dir. Seydiler ignimbiritlerindeki değişik alterasyon zonlarının

mineralojik-petrografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla bölgedeki kil

ocaklarının aynalarından örnekler alınmış ve bu örneklere x-ışınları kırınımı

(XRD) ve taramalı elektron mikroskop analizleri uygulanmıştır. XRD çalışmalarında

örneklerdeki en önemli kayaç yapıcı minerallerin feldispat, kuvars ve

opal-CT/kristobalit olduğu belirlenmiştir. Beyaz ve krem renkli seviyeler

çoğunlukla illitten oluşurken, bu minerale açık sarı renkli seviyelerde

kaolinit, açık yeşil renkli seviyede ise simektit minerali eşlik etmiştir. SEM

incelemelerinde yapraksı illit ve simektit kristalleriyle psedohekzagonal ve

vermiform kaolinit kristalleri gözlenmiştir. Çalışmalarda volkan camı ve

potasyum feldispat minerallerinin illit, simektit ve kaolinite dönüşümünü

gösteren morfolojik ve mikro kimyasal veriler elde edilmiştir.
DESASTRES NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL ASSOCIADOS A COMPLEXOS CONVECTIVOS DE MESOESCALA: ESTUDO DE CASO DO EVENTO QUE OCORREU ENTRE 22 E 23 DE ABRIL DE 2011
Authors: Moraes Flávia Dias de Souza , Aquino Francisco Eliseu
Published: December 2018

A América do Sul é uma das regiões preferenciais de atuação de eventos atmosféricos extremos, com formato circular, desenvolvimento rápido, entre 10 e 20 horas, e por isso de difícil previsibilidade, classificados como Complexos Convectivos de Mesoescala (CCM). Este trabalho analisa a precipitação e os desastres associados ao evento de CCM que atingiu o Rio Grande do Sul (RS), nos dias 22 e 23 de abril de 2011. Para a precipitação acumulada foram usados os dados de oito estações meteorológicas do INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia), localizadas em Bagé, Bento Gonçalves, Caxias do Sul, Cruz Alta, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande, Santa Rosa e São Luiz Gonzaga, área de atuação do evento. Esses dados foram comparados com a climatologia do mês de abril (1975-2004). Registros da Defesa Civil do RS e as matérias veiculadas no jornal Zero Hora foram usados para dimensionar os impactos registrados como consequência do CCM na sociedade. Os resultados indicam que esse evento meteorológico afetou 25 municípios, resultando em 12 mortes, 200 mil casas sem energia elétrica, entre a Região Metropolitana e o Vale do Taquari, árvores e postes derrubados, além de desastres do tipo enxurrada, enchente, vendaval e granizo. A média de precipitação acumulada durante o CCM foi de 61,8 mm na area de estudo, representando 43% do total esperado para abril (144,7 mm), pela climatologia 1975-2004. O período de duração, de 19h30min, suas dimensões e rápido crescimento vertical, entre 6 e 12 horas, confirmam as características básicas de CCM do evento analisado.
INTEGRAÇÃO DAS CIÊNCIAS E DAS TECNOLOGIAS PARA REDUÇÃO DE DESASTRES NATURAIS: SÓCIO-HIDROLOGIA E SÓCIO-TECNOLOGIA
Authors: Kobiyama Masato , Goerl Roberto Fabris , Monteiro Leonardo Romero
Published: December 2018

Devido ao aumento da magnitude e frequência dos desastres naturais, diversos encontros técnico-científicos sobre o gerenciamento de riscos e de desastres (GRD) vêm sendo realizados no Brasil. Paralelamente a isso, associações que tratam o GRD com caráter interdisciplinar foram criadas e também algumas associações científicas já existentes criaram seu comitê que trata do GRD. Isso pode ser visto como integração e expansão das ciências no Brasil. Devido à predominância da ocorrência dos desastres hidrológicos no Brasil e também ao fato no qual as vítimas dos desastres necessitam em primeiro lugar de água, a hidrologia pode ser uma ciência extremamente útil e relevante no GRD. Então, a fim de formar uma hidrologia mais útil no GRD, a sócio hidrologia deve ser avançada. A sócio hidrologia estuda a interação entre a sociedade e os processos hidrológicos. A Década Científica Panta Rhei da IAHS enfatizou esta ciência na comunidade internacional dos hidrólogos. O objeto principal da hidrologia tradicional é o ciclo hidrológico enquanto que para a sócio hidrologia deve ser o ciclo hidrossocial ou ciclo sócio hidrológico. Ampliando seu sentido, a socialização e a popularização da hidrologia fazem parte do principal enfoque da sócio hidrologia. O avanço da sócio hidrologia apoia o fortalecimento da sócio tecnologia, que serve para a melhoria da qualidade da vida dos moradores locais. Assim, o conjunto da integração das ciências e tecnologias tal como a sócio hidrologia e sócio tecnologia garante o gerenciamento mais adequado de desastres naturais, de recursos hídricos e de bacias hidrográfica.
REGISTROS HISTÓRICOS E REANÁLISES NAS ANOMALIAS DE PRECIPITAÇÃO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL DE 1901 A 1960
Authors: Valente Pedro Teixeira , Aquino Francisco Eliseu
Published: December 2018

Este trabalho recuperou registros históricos de precipitação e eventos extremos em jornais nos primeiros 60 anos do século XX e comparou com séries de reanálises a fim de investigar quais eventos extremos históricos coincidem em data e intensidade com os extremos das reanálises, no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). A série histórica gerada foi construída a partir de notícias de inundação, enchentes, estiagens e secas nas notícias pesquisadas. As reanálises utilizadas provem da Universidade de Delaware (DLW) e consistem em uma grade de 0,5º x 0,5º disponíveis para o período 1900 - 2008.  As séries anômalas foram dividas em três zonas (Campanha, Litoral e Planalto) para melhor detalhamento do comportamento espacial e analisadas nas fases: El Niño, Neutro e La Niña. Observou-se que as zonas Campanha e Planalto são mais suscetíveis às fases do El Niño – Oscilação Sule a zona Litoral demonstrou menor influência aparente. A análise das séries de anomalias DLW e de todos os aglomerados de notícias encontradas, coincidem com anomalias iguais ou superiores (inferiores) a 50 (-50 mm) mensais. Com exceção de um único evento na década de 1950 que não coincidiu com os episódios extremos de precipitação. Abril de 1959 teve a maior anomalia do período (200 mm, no valor mínimo para as três zonas) e a menor ocorreu em outubro de 1924 (-85 mm, no valor mínimo entre as três zonas). Conclui-se que esta comparação e os registros históricos possibilitaram determinar a ocorrência dos eventos extremos de precipitação e também identificar o número de dias chuvosos de cada episódio. A fase neutra demonstrou anomalias positivas (negativas) nos mesmos níveis das anomalias de El Niño e La Niña a partir de 1930, indicando que outros fatores e modos de variabilidade também devem influenciar na precipitação do RS.
INDICADORES DE USO RACIONAL DA ÁGUA EM UMA ESCOLA TÉCNICA ESTADUAL NA CIDADE DE RECIFE-PE
Authors: Silva Simone Rosa da , Araújo Anderson Rubens Bispo de , Fonseca Juliana Maria McCartney da , Nunes Luiz Gustavo Costa Ferreira
Published: December 2018

O artigo consiste em estabelecer indicadores de consumo de água, de vazamentos e percepção do usuário para o uso racional da água em uma escola técnica estadual da cidade de Recife, Pernambuco. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na coleta de dados a partir da aplicação dequestionários aos usuários, cadastro de pontos de consumo de água, registro de patologias em formulários de observação e cálculo dos indicadores de consumo de água, percepção dos usuários para o uso racional e de vazamentos. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com estudos semelhantes desenvolvidos para escolas da mesma região e de outros estados. Concluiu-se que a escola apresenta boas práticas quanto ao uso racional da água.
La investigación en comunicación sobre los retos de salud pública = Research in communication of public health challenges
Authors: Catalán-Matamoros Daniel
Published: December 2018

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Impacto de la publicidad en los hábitos alimenticios en los niños = Impact of advertising on children's eating habits
Authors: Reyes Pedraza María Eugenia , Garcia Gonzalez Janet , Tellez Castilla Maria Delia
Published: December 2018

Resumen: El objetivo de la investigación es determinar el impacto de la publicidad en los hábitos alimenticios en niños. Metodología descriptiva – cuantitativa y la encuesta como técnica de investigación; los su­jetos de estudio fueron niños y niñas de 9 a 12 años de edad. Se tomó como universo escuela pública de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. El tamaño de la muestra consta de 176 alumnos, del ciclo escolar 2014 – 2015. Resultados: se percibe que la publicidad impacta en los hábitos alimenticios de los niños, al mostrar signos de ser persuadidos por las diversas marcas y comerciales de productos no saludables. Se demostró influencia por la publicidad de comida chatarra, toman decisiones erróneas en cuanto a los alimentos con alto valor nutricional. En la categoría de los medios masivos de comunica­ción, encontramos que el 94% de los niños respondieron que les gusta ver televisión; mientras que la frecuencia para verla es de 1 a 2 horas al día, de acuerdo al 76%. Conclusión: los medios cambian actitudes en el público, de manera que esto se aprecia en los prejuicios, los estereotipos, u otro tipo de problemas sociales como la obesidad.Palabras clave: Impacto; publicidad; hábitos alimenticios; salud pública.Abstract: The objective of the research is to determine the impact of advertising on children’s eating habits. Des­criptive - quantitative methodology and the survey as a research technique. The study subjects were boys and girls from 9 to 12 years of age. It was taken as public school universe of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. The sample size consists of 176 students, from the 2014 - 2015 school year. Results: it is perceived that advertising impacts on the eating habits of children, by showing signs of being persua­ded by the various brands and commercials of unhealthy products. It was shown to influence the adver­tising of junk food, make wrong decisions regarding foods with high nutritional value. In the category of the mass media, we found that 94% of the children answered that they like to watch television; while the frequency to see it is 1 to 2 hours a day, according to 76%. Conclusion: the media change attitudes in the public, so that this is seen in prejudices, stereotypes, or other social problems such as obesity.Keywords: Impact; advertising; eating habits; public health.
La imagen como terapia = Image as therapy
Authors: Irala-Hortal Pilar
Published: December 2018

Resumen: Cuando hablamos de fotografía solemos pensar en la captación de un momento o acontecimiento, probablemente caracterizado por breves impases de clímax y con una trascendencia cultural, social, artística o política. Bien se trate de fotografía artística o documental, tanto fotógrafos como historiadores o teóricos hemos abordado la imagen desde el enfoque de la preservación de un momento. En este caso la fotografía es un conservador de la memoria. Pero la fotografía puede cumplir otras funciones como la de ahondar, profundizar, extraer y exorcizar conocimientos o sentimientos íntimos con una finalidad terapéutica. No es baladí este poder de la imagen que ha sido contrastado en diferentes proyectos tanto médicos como sociales. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de exponer qué es la fotografía terapéutica y cuáles son sus ámbitos de aplicación.Palabras clave: fotografía; enfermedad; terapia; cultura visual.Abstract: When we talk about photography, we are usually thinking of capturing one single moment. That event is probably characterized or classified by a cultural, social, artistic or political culture. Whether it is artistic or documentary photography, photographers, historians or theorists have thought the image as a visual conservator of our memory. However, photography can play other functions or roles such as deepening, extracting and exorcizing knowledge or profound feelings for therapeutic purposes. This is not a small power. In addition, this role of the image has been contrasted by different projects both medical and social. The purpose of this paper is to explain what the therapeutic photography is and what its scope of application is.Keywords: photography; illness; therapy; visual culture.
Influence of electrophysical treatment on oilseed crops structure with Х-ray micro tomography application
Authors: Shorstkii I. A. , Khudyakov D. A.
Published: December 2018

Morphological capillary-porous structure analysis of the oilseed materials, using x-ray microtomography in the longitudinal and transverse section and FESEM analysis of the surface microstructure after electrical and microwave treatment presented in current paper. Experimental data were obtained on the basis of the Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (Singapore). Two types of treatment considered: non-thermal pulsed electric field treatment, creating an electroporation effect of the oilseeds structure and microwave treatment. The main characteristic of capillary-porous structure of oil-bearing materials is given. Local changes in the electron density of the oilseed object under study, during the passage of radiation, made it possible to determine clearly the air cavities in the structure of the sunflower nucleus. The influence of a pulsed electric field treatment on the integrity of the structure of oil-cell membranes has been obtained with the creation of a material that has a greater permeability for diffusion processes. Experimentally was determined that over 2500 electric pores were formed on an area of 1 sq.cm as a result of a pulsed electric field treatment. In the case of a pulsed electric field treatment, the oil body material model can be represented as a capillary model with capillary and electroporation radii, thus expanding the model of a bidispersed structure with the addition micro capillaries, formed by an electric field. The data obtained are of interest not only for the technology of processing oilseeds, but also for the analysis methods of new electrophysical treatments.
A combination of rapid and easy assays of biosurfactant producing bacterial strain isolated from automobiles repairing workshop in Aligarh
Authors: Hussain Touseef , Khan Abrar Ahmad
Published: December 2018

Routine washing, cleaning, repairing, maintenance of cars, bikes, scooters and disposal of waste of all kinds are carried out in automobile workshops are common observations in Aligarh. Considering the likelihood of existence of biosurfactant producing organisms at hydrocarbon contaminated site, a large number of soil samples were collected and isolation was carried out. A total of ten bacterial strains ALIG (01–10) were isolated out of which only isolate АLIG01 grown on GSP agar, Maconkey agar as well as on Pseudomonas agar plates which indicated suspectedPseudomonas spp. and exhibits positive biosurfactant activity through penetration assay, oil spreading technique, beta hemolytic activity and ЕI24 (96%), positive blue plate agar plate (> 2сm), qualatitative analysis, tolerance against hydrocarbonm-xylene, and microplate assay. This isolate АLIG01 is a valuable source to investigate further for future agriculture plant pathology and industrial applications.
Determination of heavy metals in sunflower seeds by atomic absorption spectroscopy based on fractional mineralization
Authors: Demchenko Yu. A. , Tsikunib A. D.
Published: December 2018

The actual problem of food chemistry is the contamination of food raw materials and food products with heavy metals. Modern physico-chemical methods for the quantification of heavy metals are highly accurate and allow even trace amounts of elements to be determined, but the complexity of the sample preparation procedure is one of the most time-consuming steps, requiring high costs of reagents and time, especially for analysis of fat-containing samples. In this regard, development of new ways of determination of content of heavy metals in olive raw materials is relevant. Sunflower seeds in which they established the maintenance of toxic elements with use of different ways of sample preparation have acted as an object of a research: dry combustion and a wet mineralization and the developed new way of a fractional mineralization which distinctive features are: preliminary decomposition of test on fatty (oil) and fat-free (oilcake) of fraction with their independent mineralization. Oilcake is exposed to combustion at the maximum temperature 400 ?С for two full cycles, with convertion of the mineralizat in background solution and definition of metals by AAS-ETA method, oil – is dissolved in bipolar solvent in the ratio 1:6:2 from the mass of oil, with the subsequent direct input of mix in an analytical cell of the graphite tubular furnace of an electrothermal atomizer where there is a mineralization and simultaneous atomization of test. The use of fractional mineralization makes it possible to improve the metrological characteristics of the atomic absorption method of sunflower seeds: to increase the average openability of the investigated elements to 90.8%, to reduce the error of convergence (by 4.5%) and the reproducibility (by 4.9%) of the results of the study of cadmium and lead, and also to reduce the total time of sample preparation for 4–6 hours as compared with the test methods.
Searching for formalized connections between the consumer properties of sugar and technological process parameters of its production
Authors: Egorova M. I. , Raynik V. V. , Mikhaleva I. S. , Kretova Ya. A. , Nikolaeva E. S.
Published: December 2018

Until now technological control realization in sugar production has been regulated by the requirements, the fundamental provisions of which were developed in the 80s of the XX century. Over the past period, significant changes happened in the state of sugar market, approaches to quality assurance and food safety; local technology process and control methods have undergonechanges. To reflect adequately changes in the control scheme, it is reasonable to establish a interconnection between the consumerproperties of sugar and technological process parameters of its production. This task was solved by a survey, a group of 25 experts was questioned according to Delphi method, they were proposed to describe the degree of influence of technological process parameters from 39 items on the indicators of sugar, set by industrial consumers from 8 items. Due to mathematical processing, an information model has been obtained showing the existence of such connection and allowing to determine both the indicators of the consumer properties of sugar and technological process parameters for inclusion in the control scheme: turbidity of sugar solution, content of calcium salts, saponin, pH, flock potential; at the stage of juice purification pH of the semi-finished products, alkalinity, calcium salts content, reducing substances. To confirm the results of the information model, structural and parametric modeling of technological process stages of sugar production was carried out by construction of matrices of interconnection between the grouped parameters of the technological process and the indicators of the consumer properties of sugar. The array data of observations from 25 enterprises formed for the optimal production period was statistically processed by the methods of correlation and regression analysis. For every enterprises mathematical models on 12 objects of research were received, which then were transformed into summarized research for each object. The results of structural and parametric modeling were compared with the data of the information model – in 90...95% of cases they coincided with the opinion of experts. Established formalized connections will allow to update the technological control schemes in sugar production.
Influence of geometry of corrugated base surface of working bodies on the sorting of grain mixes
Authors: Vasiliev A. M. , Machikhin S. A. , Strelyukhina A. N. , Ryndin A. A.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the creation of new bearing surfaces of the working bodies of vibration separating machines, the use of which contributes to an increase in the intensity of one of the stages of the separation processes - self-sorting. When studying the influence of one or another factor on the efficiency of self-sorting, experiments were carried out with the same grain mixture on the working surfaces bounded on four sides by the walls with horizontal harmonic oscillations of the horizontal working surfaces. The most common light particle was used as a model particle. an impurity in the wheat grain is a straw. Experiments are devoted to determining the time of the emergence of a light particle in a layer of wheat grain. Experiments were carried out on the working surface with grooves forming zigzag channels, grooves of variable height, with the arrangement of the flute perpendicular to the direction of oscillation of the working member and with the arrangement of the flute at an angle to the direction of oscillation. In the experiments, the thickness of the grain flow layer above the grooves and the position of the light particle in the layer relative to the supporting surface were varied, so that the time when the light particle emerges through the layer of the same thickness but located at different distances from the flute of the supporting surface. This made it possible to eliminate the influence of the layer thickness on the time (speed) of the ascent of the light particle and to estimate the effect on the self-sorting intensity (the ascent time) only on the flute of the support surface. It has been experimentally proved that an increase in the efficiency of the self-sorting process on the working surface can be achieved by installing a flute perpendicular to the direction of oscillation.
The influence of the marine environment on the properties of clothestextile materials for clothing
Authors: Cherunova I. V. , Korinteli A. M. , Stenkina M. P. , Lesnikova T. Yu.
Published: December 2018

The article presents data on the influence of the marine environment on textile materials. Aggressive components of the marine environment that contact the surface of clothing (sea salt and oil) are justified. Sea salt is an integral part of seawater. It accumulates in the clothing structure. Oil is included in the components of seawater in emergency situations at offshore oil and petroleum products and sea transport facilities. This leads to a change in the properties of textile materials, which depend on the concentration of aggressive components in the structure of textile materials. The active concentration of aggressive components in textiles is determined by its ability to absorb liquid. Specific features of changing the volume of various textile fibers during interaction with liquids are established. Structure of sea salt and the chemical composition of oil. This determines the change in the properties of the textile in contact with them. The structure of sea salt and the chemical composition of oil is justified. This determines the change in the properties of textiles. As a result of the systematization of modern data on clothing materials that are used in marine technology, the information base of the leading modern fibrous materials for protective clothing was formed. The reference materials for research are allocated. It was found that the presence of sea salt in a moist contact medium with a surface of a special fabric on a cotton basis for all samples of materials led to a decrease in their capillarity. It has been established that packages of materials based on mixed-fiber fabrics have permeability parameters with respect to crude oil below the cotton garment surfaces. The application in combination with such materials of holofiber insulation reduces the level of saturation of clothing with the liquids examined. The article presents experimental data on the permeability of sea water and oil in special materials for clothing. The work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the Don State Technical University within the framework of the State task 2017-2019 under the project No. 11.9194.2017/БЧ.
Aluminium leaching from red muds for their complexing reprocessing
Authors: Boyarintsev A. V. , Aung M. M. , Aung K. Yi. , Stepanov S. I.
Published: December 2018

Complexing processing of «red muds» (R.M.) - waste of bauxite reprocessing by the Bayer's method, is one of the important tasks of toxic industrial waste utilization. Studied the possibility of aluminum leaching from the R.M. which content reach 14 %, received from Bogoslovsky aluminum plant of JSC «Siberian-Urals Aluminium Company» by aqueous solutions of NaOH. The process was carried out at atmospheric pressure and temperatures near to the boiling point of leaching solutions with the utilization of the residual alkali. The time’s dependence of the aluminum leaching degree from the R.M. by aqueous solutions of NaOH passes through the maximum due to the formation of secondary precipitation of aluminum. The cause of secondary sedimentation is the interaction of silicon with aluminum with formation of insoluble aluminosilicates, for example, Nа2Аl2Si2O8·2Н2O. The conditions of leaching, under which the formation of stable aluminate solutions during the time do not form of secondary precipitations were established. The maximum achieved values of the aluminum leaching degree in autoclave-free conditions was reach 20-25 %. The removal of alkali and part of aluminum under the first stage of complexing processing of R.M. leads to their enrichment in iron. The cakes from aluminum leaching and next carbonate scandium leaching can be used for pyrometallurgical recovery of iron and slag, in which untreated elements are passed, including residual aluminum, scandium, sum of rare earth elements, titanium and zirconium. A significant decrease in the volume of slag opens more opportunities for further isolation their components by acidic methods.
Self-regulating electric heater based on elastomer, modified with multilayer carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yagubov V. S. , Shchegolkov A. V.
Published: December 2018

The review of modern approaches to the development of electric heating materials makes it possible to conclude that the studies of electrically conductive composites are based on using elastomers modified with nanoscale carbon materials. In the manufacturing of electric heaters, temperature self-regulation is the main property that increases their characteristics. However, researchers engaged in studying such heaters, face difficulties associated with the magnitude of supply voltage and power. In this regard, the tasks of the present work were as follows: to study the modifier characteristics for nanomodified heaters, and to select a modifier that is best dispersed in the elastomer, which will ensure the maximum magnitude of the supply voltage and the high value of the specific power of the heater. To develop an electric heater, silicone rubber modified with carbon nanotubes was used as an elastomer. The method for manufacturing the heating element nanomodified material was described. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized through the CVD method were employed as an electrically conductive modifier. Before modifying the elastomer, the carbon nanotubes were processed in a mill at a rotational speed of working blades of 25,000 rpm. Then, the nanotubes were thermally treated in a furnace until the temperature of 110 °C was reached. After that, the nanotubes and the elastomer were mixed using a BRABENDER mixer, followed by pressing and obtaining plates of the electric heating material. To ensure contact between the heater and the power source, aluminum foil, inserted into the punches before pressing, was used. The electrical conductivity of the elastic heater nanomodified material was studied using a setup (facility) constructed especially for that purpose. Based on the results obtained, a conclusion can be made on the expediency of using different multi-walled carbon nanotubes as elastomer modifiers, which form electrically conductive networks inside the elastomer and are capable of releasing heat when connected to an electrical voltage source. Employing a non-contact method of measuring the temperature field on the electric heater surface, thermograms were recorded. It was found that the temperature field is uniformly distributed on the heater surface and is stabilized at a certain time after achieving a thermal balance with the environment. From the data obtained, it can be concluded that the heating element connected to an alternating current network with a voltage of 220 V is efficient.
The problems of optimization the quality of life in modern Russia through the prism of economic theory and practice
Authors: Nekrasova T. A.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with theoretical and economic, social and practical aspects of improving the quality of life as a target criterion for the development of modern Russia. Approved in 2008, "The Concept of Long-Term Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation for the Period to 2020" contains tasks to achieve high standards of human well-being and social well-being, the formation of a leadership and innovation economy, the expansion of economic freedom and maintenance of social justice, the transition to an innovative socially-oriented type of development. The transition from a resource-resource model of the economy to an innovation requires the development of human potential and the improvement of the quality of life of the population at the level of indicators characteristic of developed countries. In the article, a comparative analysis of the target targets for the development of human potential established by the Concept was carried out, with their actual values published by the Federal Service for State Statistics: the average annual increase in the gross domestic product, the population with cash incomes below the subsistence level, public spending on education, public expenditure on health , the dynamics of the coefficient of funds. The conducted analysis showed that the considered indicators of the development of human potential and the quality of life of the population have not been achieved at present. This is due to unfavorable external and internal factors affecting the Russian economy. The decline in oil prices and the imposition of sanctions against Russia exacerbated structural problems in the economy, which resulted in 2014-2016. to a depreciation of the national currency, an increase in inflation, a decrease in consumer demand, an outflow of capital and a fall in real incomes of the population. Thus, it is necessary to adjust the Concept of Russia's social and economic development taking into account the prevailing macroeconomic situation.
Trends of development of the sphere of services in Russia
Authors: Gazhur A. A. , Lukiyanchuk I. N.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the dynamics of development of the service sector in Russia in the conditions when the prolonged global economic crisis poses an urgent problem of determining the mechanisms of its overcoming. The economic importance of the service sector objectively increases in the phase of the crisis, as it allows to significantly expand production, makes it possible to equalize the standard of living. The article shows the applicability of the theory of sectors in modern conditions with a shift towards the dominance of the service sector. The development of the Quaternary sector was also noted. It includes information technology, education, research, banking and financial services. The growth of this sector is inherent in a highly developed country, because it is associated with highly qualified personnel. The connection between the development of services with the income of the population and the degree of their differentiation is traced. The growth of consumption, high profitability, fast payback and investment attractiveness of public catering as one of the components of the service sector make it a significant tool for expanding the market of services in the service sector. It is shown that the restructuring of the service sector is a systemic transformation, which means an increase in the share of high-quality products with high added value, carried out on the basis of modern resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies and has a demand in the domestic and global markets. In order not to lose its position among the leaders of the world economy, Russia today must develop the tertiary and Quaternary sectors of the economy at an accelerated pace. Indicates positive trends, evidence of overcoming. the consequences of the crisis in Russia. For example, there is an increase in the business activity index (PMI), the market of street food and fast food is recovering and begins to grow. Appear innovative trends in shaping the future structure of public catering: the food delivery drones, paying bills in restaurants bitcoin, touchscreen kiosks, mobile apps for restaurant retail and etc. To consolidate the positive trends and required state regulation of development of sphere of services.
Development of the software and hardware component of the geographic information system for monitoring the environmental friendliness of the airspace
Authors: Hejlo A. Yu. , Khaustov I. A. , Rylev S. S.
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the actual problem of air pollution by man-made products that have a negative impact on the environment and pose a threat to the further development of mankind and its existence. One of the tasks in solving this problem is timely, reliable and operational control of pollution of the surrounding air space. Traditional means of control tend to have serious limitations in their application over hard-to-reach areas. In addition, the main drawbacks of the currently existing environmental monitoring systems capable of sampling in hard-to-reach areas of airspace are the large mass and low wind resistance of sampling structures. The paper deals with an unmanned aerial system, a distinctive feature of which is the use of automated samplers with small dimensions and weight. The design features of the used samplers and a set of technical means for controlling an unmanned aerial device in different modes are considered.
Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms
Authors: Ali Mubarak , Hamzah Esah , Toff Mohd Radzi Mohd
Published: December 2018

Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on a substrate have caught the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery, ultra-precision machine-tool coatings and coatings for miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of suitably different natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors, when in their certain transition states, provide the provision to bind (adhere). In the binding mechanism of different nature suitable atoms, electron (of outer ring) belonging to filled state gaseous nature atom takes another clamp of energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to unfilled state solid-natured atom. Set conditions of the process provide the provision of binding different nature atoms in a technique or method meant for it. Different natures of atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating ground points between their original ones where gaseous nature atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron-level while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron-level. Ti–Ti binding occurs through the difference of expansion of their energy knots nets when one atom just lands on the already landed atom while the adhered nitrogen atom incorporates at their interstitial position. Under suitable set parameters, differently natured atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface under the given conditions. The rate of solid-natured atoms ejecting or dissociating from the source depend on its nature, process parameters and the processing technique or approach. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing differently natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power. In addition to intrinsic nature of atoms, different properties and characteristics of coatings emerge as per engaged forces under the involved energy. The present study sets new trends in the field of coatings involving the diversified class of materials and their counterparts.
Processes of Direct Laser Writing 3D Nano-Lithography
Authors: Varapnickas Simonas , Malinauskas Mangirdas
Published: December 2018

Direct laser writing three-dimensional nano-lithography is an established technique for manufacturing functional 3D micro- and nano-objects via non-linear absorption induced polymerization process. In this Chapter an underlying physical mechanisms taking place during nano-confined polymerization reaction, induced by tightly focused ultra-short laser pulses, are reviewed and discussed. The special attention is paid on the effects that directly impact structuring resolution and minimum achievable feature size. Analysis of possible photo-initiation mechanisms as contributing multi-photon absorption and avalanche ionization in pre-polymers under diverse exposure conditions (wavelength, pulse duration) is presented. Feasible structuring of pure (non-photosensitized) and functional nanoparticles doped polymer precursors is justified and benefits of such materials/structures for microoptics, photonics and cell scaffolds are highlighted. The influence of temperature effects (induced by writing process itself or determined by ambient conditions) on polymerization process, observed in different pre-polymers under diverse exposure regimes is outlined. The further adjustment of the structuring resolution is possible via precise control of light polarization and diffusion assisted radical quenching. The work is concluded with a brief outlook on future challenges and perspectives related to refinement of 3D ultra-fast laser lithography fabrication process in the means of application of diverse post-processing methods and research into novel photo-curable materials including inorganic ones.
Modelling and Visualization of Three Dimensional Objects Using Inexpensive Digital Cameras
Authors: Elkhrachy Ismail
Published: December 2018

This paper analyses and evaluate the precision and the accuracy the capability of low-cost terrestrial photogrammetry by using many digital cameras to construct a 3D model of an object. To obtain the goal, a building façade has imaged by two inexpensive digital cameras such as Canon and Pentax camera. Bundle adjustment and image processing calculated by using Agisoft PhotScan software. Several factors will be included during this study, different cameras, and control points. Many photogrammetric point clouds will be generated. Their accuracy will be compared with some natural control points which collected by the laser total station of the same building. The cloud to cloud distance will be computed for different comparison 3D models to investigate different variables. The practical field experiment showed a spatial positioning reported by the investigated technique was between 2-4cm in the 3D coordinates of a façade. This accuracy is optimistic since the captured images were processed without any control points.