bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 14‐year experience with kidney transplantation
Authors: Weil Richard , Schröter Gerhard P. J. , West John C. , Starzl Thomas E.
Published: May 2005

Between November, 1962 and August, 1975, 668 kidney transplants were done in 556 consecutive patients at Denver, Colorado. The Denver experience has been divided into 7 periods of time, according to the conditions of care during each period. The results in related transplantation have changed little during the decade beginning in 1966. The results in unrelated transplantation have not materially changed since 1968. The long‐term patient survival after related transplantation has been better than after cadaver transplantation. The results of transplantation in 57 children ages 3 to 18 years have been slightly better than the results of adult transplantation.

The outcome of kidney transplantation and the feasibility of improving this therapy with present techniques are limited by our inability to accurately match each patient with the immunologically best donor and by our inability to precisely control the immune system of the recipient. Rejection is still the main reason for graft loss, and sepsis remains the main cause of patient mortality. More specific and less toxic means of achieving graft acceptance are needed before a higher level of patient service can be realized. However, even with the tools now available, thousands of recipients throughout the world have been returned to useful lives.
Current results of human heart transplantation
Authors: Dong Eugene , Shumway Norman E.
Published: May 2005

At Stanford University Medical Center 109 patients have received 114 heart transplants since 1968. The major indication for transplantation has been cardiac failure due to myopathy secondary to coronary arteriosclerosis. Idiopathic cardiomyopathy has been the second greatest indication. The immunosuppressive regimen has consisted of azathioprine, prednisone, and antithymocyte globulin. Overall, 1‐year survival is 52% and recent results indicate a 1‐year survival rate of 66%. Currently, 44 patients are alive and the longest surviving patient has enjoyed 6.5 post‐transplant years.
Progress in liver transplantation
Authors: Putnam Charles W. , Halgrimson Charles G. , Koep Lawrence , Starzl Thomas E.
Published: May 2005

Since the first clinical orthotopic liver transplant was performed 13 years ago, approximately 275 patients have undergone this procedure. The Denver series constitutes about 40% of this total experience. In our series, the overall 1‐year survival has been 29%; the longest survivor is now 6 2/3 years posttransplantation. Most of the early deaths have been caused by technical complications, frequently related to difficulties in establishing and maintaining adequate biliary drainage. The late deaths have been from a variety of causes, including recurrent tumor, hepatitis, bile duct obstruction, and chronic rejection.

Favorable indications for liver transplantation include biliary atresia, chronic aggressive hepatitis, inborn errors of metabolism, and certain other benign hepatic diseases. Alcoholic cirrhosis is a less favorable indication and primary hepatic malignancy is a relative contraindication. The immunologic criteria for donor‐recipient selection are much less rigid than for renal transplantation.

Biliary reconstruction is the principal technical problem encountered with orthotopic liver transplantation. Guidelines for the establishment of biliary drainage, its evaluation, and the management of postoperative biliary complications are discussed.
Lung transplantation 1977
Authors: Veith Frank J. , Koerner Spencer K.
Published: May 2005

Many problems in the areas of donor lung procurement, bronchial anastomotic complications, and allograft rejection must be solved before widespread success in therapeutic lung transplantation becomes a reality. However, none of these problems is insurmountable. Considerable progress has already been made toward solving many of them, and the existence of promising new avenues of investigation appears to bode well for the solution of others. Thus, despite the disappointing human experience to date and despite the large number of complex problems that must be overcome, the prospects are good that increasing success with human lung transplantation will be achieved in the future.
Marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia and acute leukemia
Authors: Thomas E. Donnall , Weiden Paul L. ,   Seattle Marrow Transplant Group
Published: May 2005

Patients with severe aplastic anemia or refractory acute leukemia with HLA identical sibling donors were considered for marrow transplantation in Seattle. Patients with aplastic anemia were generally conditioned for grafting by high‐dose cyclophosphamide (CY); those with acute leukemia by CY and total body irradiation. All patients received methotrexate post‐grafting to ameliorate anticipated graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and were supported with blood products, antibiotics, and intensive care as necessary.

Of 73 patients with aplastic anemia, 31 are alive 1 to 5 1/2 years following transplantation; 25 are well, 6 have chronic GVHD. Major causes of death were GVHD (16 patients), graft rejection (17 patients), and infection (6 patients). Of 110 patients with acute leukemia, 17 are alive 1 to 6 years after transplantation. There has been no evidence of recurrent leukemia in 14, although leukemia has relapsed and a subsequent remission has been induced in 3 patients. Respiratory failure secondary to interstitial pneumonia led to the death of 34 patients, other infections led to the death of 16 patients, and 27 patients died as a result of recurrent leukemia.

These studies in man, and laboratory studies in the dog, contribute information about many aspects of transplantation biology. Discussed in this report are graft rejection, GVHD, graft‐versus‐leukemia, the nature of stable graft‐host tolerance, and the genetics of transplantation.

Despite the many problems that remain, the results described in man establish marrow transplantation as an important form of therapy for selected patients with an otherwise fatal illness.
Results of surgery for gastric cancer and effect of adjuvant mitomycin C on cancer recurrence
Authors: Imanaga Hajime , Nakazato Hiroaki
Published: May 2005

This study involved 1628 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer between 1964 and 1973. No gastric resection was performed in 330 patients because of extensive cancer, and all died within 2.5 years. A noncurative resection was performed in 286 patients and most of these died within 3 years, although 12.2% survived for 5 years and 9.7% survived for 8 years. Of the 995 patients who underwent a curative resection in which all macroscopic cancer was removed, 63.7% survived for 5 years and 58.3% survived for 8 years. Survival was directly related to the stage of cancer at the time of operation; in the 9th postoperative year it was 80% in stage 1,48% in stage II, and 19% in stage III. Evaluation of the influence on survival of the two major staging criteria showed that serosal invasion by cancer had a substantially greater negative effect on survival than regional lymph node metastases. In the absence of serosal invasion (even when there were regional lymph node metastases), recurrence usually took the form of hematogenous metastases to the liver rather than peritoneal disease, indicating that it was possible to eradicate all local disease by surgery, but not to eliminate disease in the blood vessels or bloodstream.

In the hope of improving the survival rate obtained by curative resection of gastric cancer, investigators in 19 cooperating hospitals have conducted 4 separate studies of surgical adjuvant chemotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC), involving 2636 patients. Administration of MMC twice weekly for 5 weeks after curative resection increased the overall 5‐year survival rate by 13.5% and produced a highly significant 36.6% increase in 5‐year survival in patients with stage II cancer. MMC was particularly effective in preventing hematogenous metastases to the liver in patients who did not have serosal invasion, but it was not effective when the cancer invaded the serosa.
Adenine nucleotide levels in preserved and ischemically injured canine kidneys
Authors: Collins Geoffrey M. , Taft Peter , Green Richard D. , Ruprecht Roswitha , Halasz Nicholas A.
Published: May 2005

This study explored the relationship between adenine nucleotide levels in canine renal cortex and renal function following: (a) graded periods of warm ischemia; (b) 48 hours' flush cooling with electrolyte solutions and ice storage; and (c) continuous hypothermic perfusion. Exposure to normothermic ischemia resulted in a rapid (within 15 minutes) degradation of ATP to ADP and AMP as well as a slow decline in total adenine nucleotide (TAN) to levels which were proportional to the duration of the ischemic injury. No functional impairment was evident after 15 minutes' ischemia, but with longer times, both the extent of decline in TAN and the degree of recovery following restoration of blood flow could be used to predict the quality of renal function.

The relationship between TAN levels and function was of less predictive value following cold storage or continuous perfusion. The efficacy of intracellular flush solutions could not be attributed solely to conservation of TAN, nor did the well‐maintained TAN levels during continuous perfusion necessarily lead to significantly better 48‐hour storage than flush cooling with C2 solution.
Carcinogen delivery into the pancreatic duct of rabbits by means of hollow fiber capsules
Authors: Elkort Richard J. , Handler Alfred H. , Cooper William , Williams David L. , Mozden Peter J. , Egdahl Richard H.
Published: May 2005

A technique is described for the delivery of various chemical agents chronically and in small doses directly into the duct of the rabbit pancreas. The feasibility of this technique is based on initial observations that implantation of a catheter delivery system in the pancreatic duct produces minimal interference with normal exocrine or endocrine pancreatic function while chronically delivering an encapsulated agent directly to the target tissues. A catheter permeation system has been designed which can be anchored in the main pancreatic duct of the New Zealand white rabbit without ligating the duct, and which will then continuously expose the ductal cells to chemical carcinogens over a 5‐ to 30‐day period. Catheters have been successfully implanted in 177 rabbits. Examination of 37 control animals up to 182 weeks after implantation showed that, in the absence of ductal obstruction, neither the implantation procedure nor the presence of the catheter itself produced any permanent change in the morphologic structure of the pancreas. Benzo(a)pyrene produced hyperplasia, metaplasia, and adenosis, whereas methylnitrosourethane produced toxic pancreatitis and atrophy. The technique appears to be useful for evaluating the effect of carcinogens or other chemical agents when it is desirable to deliver a compound chronically and in small doses directly into the pancreatic juice.
Plasmacytoma of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Barzilai A. , Toledano C. , Arie J. Ben , Assa J. , Gellei B.
Published: May 2005

Primary plasmacytoma of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare entity. This is a report of 4 additional cases, 2 involving the stomach and 2 involving the small bowel. The tumors were resected in each case. Metastases to regional lymph nodes were found in 3 of the cases. During the period of hospitalization and follow‐up, no evidence of generalized multiple myeloma was found. Because systemic disease ultimately develops in many patients with localized plasmacytoma, such patients should be followed closely for the appearance of clinical, biochemical, and roentgenologic evidence of multiple myeloma.
Patient perception of the effect of treatment with candesartan in heart failure. Results of the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme
Authors: O'Meara Eileen , Lewis Eldrin , Granger Chris , Dunlap Mark E. , McKelvie Robert S. , Probstfield Jeffrey L. , Young James B. , Michelson Eric L. , Ostergren Jan , Carlsson Jonas , Olofsson Bertil , McMurray John , Yusuf Salim , Swedberg Karl , Pfeffer Marc A.
Published: May 2005

Aims

To evaluate the effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker candesartan on patients' perception of symptoms, using the McMaster Overall treatment evaluation (OTE), in a broad spectrum of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods and results

Patients with symptomatic CHF, randomised in the CHARM Programme in North America (n=2498), were studied. OTE was assessed at baseline, at 6, 14 and 26 months and the patient's final or closing visit. Patient's status was classified as “improved (score +1 to +7)”, “unchanged (score 0)” or “deteriorated (score–1 to –7)” at the end of the study compared to baseline. Both a simple “last visit carried forward” (LVCF) analysis and “worst rank carried forward” (WRCF) analysis (where patients who died were allocated the worst OTE score) were used. In the LVCF analysis, compared to placebo, more candesartan patients improved (37.7% versus 33.5%) and fewer worsened (10.8% versus 12.0%) in OTE (p=0.017). The WRCF analysis also showed better overall OTE scores with candesartan compared to placebo (p=0.029). There was no heterogeneity in the response to candesartan between the CHARM component trials or across four exploratory sub‐groups (age, sex, NYHA class and beta‐blocker).

Conclusions

Candesartan was shown to be better than placebo, when using the McMaster OTE to measure patient perception of treatment. More patients treated with candesartan reported improvement and fewer reported deterioration. This benefit was obtained when candesartan was added to extensive background therapy and is consistent with the benefits of candesartan on NYHA class, hospital admission for worsening heart failure and mortality.
The diagnostic accuracy of plasma BNP and NTproBNP in patients referred from primary care with suspected heart failure: Results of the UK natriuretic peptide study
Authors: Zaphiriou Alex , Robb Stephen , Murray‐Thomas Tarita , Mendez Gustavo , Fox Kevin , McDonagh Theresa , Hardman Suzanna M.C. , Dargie Henry J. , Cowie Martin R.
Published: May 2005

Objectives

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the measurement of plasma B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N‐terminal pro‐BNP (NTproBNP) in patients referred by their general practitioners (GPs) with symptoms suggestive of heart failure. Additionally, to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the resting 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) with that of the peptides.

Design

A diagnostic accuracy study.

Setting

Rapid‐access heart failure clinics in five hospitals.

Participants

306 patients referred by their GPs with suspected heart failure.

Main outcome measures

Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) and positive and negative likelihood ratios for BNP, NTproBNP and the ECG for the diagnosis of heart failure. Area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves for the two natriuretic peptides.

Results

The diagnosis of heart failure was confirmed in 104 (34%) patients. The area under the ROC curve was 0.84 [95% CI 0.79−0.89] for BNP and 0.85 [0.81−0.90] for NTproBNP. At the manufacturers' recommended decision cut‐points, NTproBNP provided a higher NPV (0.97) than BNP (0.87), but at lower PPV (0.44 versus 0.59). An abnormal ECG did not add any further predictive value to that of NTproBNP.

Conclusions

We have confirmed the value of the measurement of plasma BNP or NTproBNP as a ‘rule‐out’ test for heart failure in patients currently referred by GPs to rapid access diagnostic clinics. A simple classification of the 12‐lead ECG into ‘normal’ or ‘abnormal’ adds little value to ruling out heart failure in these circumstances. Further work is necessary to establish the best decision cut‐points for use in clinical practice.
Vitamin E supplementation, cereal feed type and consumer sensory perceptions of poultry meat quality
Authors: Kennedy Orla B , Stewart-Knox Barbara J , Mitchell Peter C , Thurnham David I
Published: May 2005

Lipid oxidation leads to meat spoilage and has been reported to cause adverse changes in the flavour and texture of poultry meat. Vitamin E has been found to be effective in delaying lipid oxidation. The aim of this study was to determine whether the vitamin E supplementation of chicken feed influences the consumers' perception of the quality of chicken meat under normal display and storage conditions. Untrained consumers (n32) evaluated cooked breast meat from chickens (both corn fed and wheat fed) supplemented with 75 250 or 500 mg/kg vitamin E and after storage at 4°C for 4 and 7 d. Factorial analysis found an interaction between vitamin E treatment and storage day upon the perceived juiciness (P=0·023) and tenderness (P=0·041) of the chicken meat. Perceptions of quality relative to vitamin E level were more evident on day 4 than day 7. When the two cereal types were compared, the time-related sub-group effects were observed only in meat from corn-fed chickens supplemented with either 75 or 250 mg/kg, which was perceived to be juicier (P=0·018) and more tender (P=0·020) than that supplemented at the 500 mg/kg level. These results imply that the two lower concentrations of vitamin E have some advantages over 500 mg/kg, but for optimal consumer acceptance of corn-fed chicken meat, we suggest that 250 mg/kg vitamin E should be added to corn-fed poultry feed. There was no evidence to suggest any advantages in changing the current amount of vitamin E (75 mg/kg) used to rear wheat-fed birds.
Influence of muscle glycogen availability on ERK1/2 and Akt signaling after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Creer Andrew , Gallagher Philip , Slivka Dustin , Jemiolo Bozena , Fink William , Trappe Scott
Published: May 2005

Two pathways that have been implicated for cellular growth and development in response to muscle contraction are the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and Akt signaling pathways. Although these pathways are readily stimulated after exercise, little is known about how nutritional status may affect stimulation of these pathways in response to resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. To investigate this, experienced cyclists performed 30 repetitions of knee extension exercise at 70% of one repetition maximum after a low (2%) or high (77%) carbohydrate (LCHO or HCHO) diet, which resulted in low or high (∼174 or ∼591 mmol/kg dry wt) preexercise muscle glycogen content. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before, ∼20 s after, and 10 min after exercise. ERK1/2 and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase phosphorylation increased ( P ≤ 0.05) 10 min after exercise, regardless of muscle glycogen availability. Akt phosphorylation was elevated ( P < 0.05) 10 min after exercise in the HCHO trial but was unaffected after exercise in the LCHO trial. Mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation was similar to that of Akt during each trial; however, change or lack of change was not significant. In conclusion, the ERK1/2 pathway appears to be unaffected by muscle glycogen content. However, muscle glycogen availability appears to contribute to regulation of the Akt pathway, which may influence cellular growth and adaptation in response to resistance exercise in a low-glycogen state.
Early Prediction of Gross Hemorrhagic Transformation by Noncontrast Agent MRI Cluster Analysis After Embolic Stroke in Rat
Authors: Ding Guangliang , Nagesh Vijaya , Jiang Quan , Zhang Li , Zhang Zheng Gang , Li Lian , Knight Robert A. , Li Qingjiang , Ewing James R. , Chopp Michael
Published: May 2005

Background and Purpose—

Our goal was to develop magnetic resonance indices, without image contrast agent enhancement, that predict hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in a rat model of embolic stroke.

Methods—

Male Wistar rats subjected to embolic stroke with (n=12) or without (n=10) the combination treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and an anti–platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antibody 7E3 F(ab′)
2
initiated at 4 hours after onset of stroke were investigated using a 7-T MRI system. Radiofrequency saturation T
1
(T
1sat
) maps with magnetization transfer, apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC
w
) maps in 3 directions, and T
2
maps were measured at 2, 24, and 48 hours after embolization. MRI data were analyzed individually and using 2D cluster plots. Histological measurements were obtained at 48 hours.

Results—

Gross hemorrhage was detected at 48 hours in 7 (4 control, 3 treated) of 22 animals. The 2D cluster plot using MRI T
1sat
and ADC
w
maps obtained at 2 hours after stroke predicted all gross HT. The location of gross hemorrhage predicted by the 2D cluster plot was within 0.75 mm of the identifying MRI cluster.

Conclusions—

The 2D MRI cluster plot analysis using T
1sat
and ADC
w
maps acquired at 2 hours after the onset of embolic stroke predicts gross HT.
David Cheal (Ed.). Aging and Demographic Change in Canadian Context. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003.
Authors: Wu Zheng
Published: May 2005

La longévité croissante et l'évolution de la structure par âge suscitent de grandes inquiétudes chez les experts, les décideurs et le public. La perception populaire est que le vieillissement de la population a un effet négatif. Cette interprétation s'appuie sur l'hypothèse selon laquelle, en terme de rapports de dépendance, l'explosion de ce segment de la population placera un lourd fardeau sur les générations plus jeunes, puisque la population d'âge actif devra beaucoup travailler pour fournir aux retraités les pensions, les services médicaux et le soutien social nécessaires. Un nombre croissant de publications traitent de cette interprétation (qualifiée de « démographie apocalyptique ») et suggèrent que le vieillissement de la population n'a pas forcément des conséquences négatives. L'ouvrage Aging and Demographic Change in Canadian Context, publié sous la direction de David Cheal, illustre adéquatement ce contre-débat. Il contient sept essais, tous axés sur une approche conceptuelle, rédigés par des universitaires canadiens d'horizons académiques variés. La plus grande qualité de l'ouvrage consiste à démontrer que le contexte social du vieillissement est plus important que le vieillissement de la population en soi. C'est-à-dire que le vieillissement de la population ne pose problème que si nos institutions publiques et privées sont incapables de repenser les échanges et les rapports intergénérationnels.
Psychometric Properties of the French Version of the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire for Adults and the Elderly
Authors: Fort Isabelle , Adoul Linda , Holl Delphine , Kaddour Joël , Gana Kamel
Published: May 2005

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a French version of the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ) (Troyer & Rich, 2002). The MMQ, which is suited to clinical and research purposes, evaluates subjective memory functioning (i.e., affect related to memory abilities, frequency of problems remembering in different situations, and strategy use in everyday life). The questionnaire was administered to 294 French adult or elderly subjects (46–94 years old). The results allowed us to conclude that the French version of this scale is psychometrically sound. Indeed, the scores proved to be highly reliable (Cronbach's α for the subscales ranged from 0.79 to 0.88) and correlated in the expected directions with measures of other constructs (correlation coefficients ranged from −0.34 to 0.39). Convergent validity evidence for MMQ scores was provided by their statistically significant positive correlations (from 0.56 to 0.73) with several dimensions of the Metamemory in Adulthood scale (MIA) (i.e., theanxiety, change, capacityandstrategydimensions). However, the three-factor model found in the original version was not validated here. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that a four-factor solution offered the most interpretable pattern for the factor scores. Two of the dimensions proposed by Troyer and Rich (2002) were replicated:abilityandcontentment. The third subscale (strategy) was divided into two factors:internal strategiesandexternal strategies.
Vern L. Bengtson and Ariela Lowenstein (Eds.). Global Aging and Challenges to Families. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 2003.
Authors: Kobayashi Karen
Published: May 2005

Cette collection éditée contient les essais d'auteurs de neuf pays qui analysent les retombées du vieillissement de la population sur les familles aux niveaux individuel, collectif et socio-structurel. Fondés sur la notion de perspectives du tracé de vie et de la modernisation, les thèmes clés comprennent, notamment : 1) l'importance continué de la solidarité familiale et intergénérationnelle dans la vie des personnes âgées; 2) l'incidence de la longévité croissante des aînés sur la prise en charge par les familles; 3) la diversité et la complexité croissantes des relations familiales, et leur incidence sur les transferts et le soutien intergénérationnels; 4) les rapports entre attentes et attitudes et transferts et soutien intergénérationnels; et 5) les liens d'interdépendance entre la solidarité publique (d'État) et privée (la famille). L'ouvrage, qui réunit les perspectives diverses d'un groupe de chercheurs internationaux spécialisés dans le trajet de vie et le vieillissement, permet d'amorcer un débat mondial sur des sujets émergents, tels que le rôle du capital social dans la création de réseaux sociaux pour les personnes âgées prises en charge par leur famille, et l'importance de la nature et du sens des transferts privés sur la solidarité intergénérationnelle et le bien-être des familles.
A 10-Year Follow-Up of Urinary and Fecal Incontinence among the Oldest Old in the Community: The Canadian Study of Health and Aging
Authors: Østbye Truls , Seim Arnfinn , Krause Katrina M. , Feightner John , Hachinski Vladimir , Sykes Elizabeth , Hunskaar Steinar
Published: May 2005

Urinary incontinence is common in the elderly. The epidemiology of fecal and double (urinary and fecal) incontinence is less known. The Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) is a national study of elderly living in the community at baseline (n = 8,949) and interviewed in 1991–1992, 1996, and 2001. Using data from the CSHA, we report the prevalence of urinary, fecal, and double incontinence in each wave and the cumulative incidence between waves and investigate the predictors of urinary and fecal incontinence. Urinary incontinence increased rapidly in old age, being almost twice as high in women as in men. Fecal and double incontinence were less common, but also increased rapidly with age. In women, parity showed a positive relationship with (prevalent) urinary incontinence. In men, diabetes was a risk factor for urinary and fecal incontinence. We conclude that urinary, fecal, and double incontinence increase rapidly with age and that inquiry about incontinence should be part of routine medical and nursing assessment of all elderly.
Falls and Fear of Falling among Community-Dwelling Seniors: The Dynamic Tension between Exercising Precaution and Striving for Independence
Authors: Ward-Griffin Catherine , Hobson Sandra , Melles Pauline , Kloseck Marita , Vandervoort Anthony , Crilly Richard
Published: May 2005

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the everyday experience of community-dwelling elders, with particular attention to seniors' perceptions of safety, fear of falling, independence, and quality of life. We also aimed to identify contextual factors that influence the health of elders who had fallen and/or had a fear of falling. Data from in-depth interviews with a purposeful sample (n= 9) of elders were analysed using interpretative analysis procedures. Both individual and team analysis was undertaken until interpretations of the experiences of the participants were inductively developed and crystallized into a holistic interpretation of the participants' shared experience. The holistic experience was comprised of two opposing, dynamic life forces:exercising precautionandstriving for independence. Within each life force, participants used five major strategies that simultaneously constrained and expanded their life space. Health-promoting practice and policy implications, as well as areas for further research, are discussed.
Female Dress and "Slavic" Bow Fibulae in Greece
Authors: Curta Florin
Published: May 2005

Long considered an "index fossil" for the migration of the Slavs to Greece, "Slavic" bow fibulae have never been understood in relation to female dress. The "exotic" character of their decoration has encouraged speculations concerning the ethnic attribution of these artifacts, but no serious attempt has been made to analyze the archaeological contexts in which they were found. It is argued here that bow fibulae were more than just dress accessories, and that they may have been used for negotiating social power. The political and military situation of the early seventh century A.D. in the Balkans, marked by the collapse of the early Byzantine power in the region, may explain the need for new emblemic styles to represent group identity.
Coastal Change and Archaeological Settings in Elis
Authors: Kraft John C. (John Christian) , Rapp George Robert , Gifford John A. , Aschenbrenner S. E. (Stanley E.)
Published: May 2005

Since the mid-Holocene epoch, sediments from the Alpheios River in Elis, in the western Peloponnese, have been entrained in littoral currents and deposited to form barriers, coastal lagoons, and peripheral marshes. Three major surges of sediment formed a series of barrier-island chains. The sites of Kleidhi (ancient Arene), along a former strategic pass by the sea, and Epitalion (Homeric Thryon), built on a headland at the mouth of the Alpheios River, now lie 1 and 5 km inland, respectively, and other ancient sites have been similarly affected. Diversion of the Peneus River has led to cycles of delta progradation and retrogradation that have both buried and eroded archaeological sites. Coastal changes continue in Elis today, resulting in areas of both erosion and deposition.
The Corinth Oinochoe: One- and Two-Handled Jugs in Ancient Corinth
Authors: McPhee Ian
Published: May 2005

One of the many characteristic shapes produced in Corinth during the Archaic and Classical periods was the round-mouthed jug with one or two handles, the so-called "Corinth oinochoe." The present article examines the typological development of this shape, particularly the version with two handles, from its introduction in the late seventh century until 146 B.C. This development suggests changing customs in male dining at Corinth, particularly in the third quarter of the fifth century and at the end of the fourth. The function of the two-handled variety is briefly considered, as well as the evidence for ceramic connections between Corinth and Athens.
A New Fragment of an Inscription from the Julian Basilica at Roman Corinth
Authors: Scotton Paul D
Published: May 2005

Research conducted in Corinth has led to the identification of two additional fragments of West-13 (Corinth VIII.2, pp. 11–12, no. 13). These fragments enable a full restoration of line 1 of the text and roughly the first half of line 2. Although many questions regarding this inscription remain, most significant perhaps being its date, the inscription does document further evidence of a distinct imperial presence within the Julian Basilica.
Storviken in the Old World and the New
Authors: Leary James P
Published: May 2005

This case study of a legend cycle, extending from Norway to Wisconsin, argues that American folklorists, preoccupied as they have become with adolescent legendry, still know far too little about the sustained relationships between legends, old country hearths, and new world regions—particularly those regions where peoples of other than Anglo-American descent dominate the cultural landscape.
Ghosts in Mirrors: Reflections of the Self
Authors: Tucker Elizabeth
Published: May 2005

This article analyzes college students' legends of apparitions in mirrors in relation to the "Bloody Mary" ritual that is most common in preadolescence. Through a modified Jungian analysis of their legends, it is possible to identify patterns of self-discovery in later adolescence that are underdiscussed in the literature. By telling legends about gender transformations, ghostly lovers, suicide, and violent death, college students undergo a quasi-initiatory experience that facilitates their development of a more complex sense of self.
The Zhouyi (Book of Changes) as an Open Classic: A Semiotic Analysis of Its System of Representation
Authors: Gu Ming Dong
Published: May 2005

The Zhouyi is the first of the Chinese classics and has, since medieval times, fascinated scholars from different parts of the world, who have produced numerous studies and expressed a dazzling array of views on its nature. It is argued that the Zhouyi has retained its exalted status and enduring appeal largely because it is an open book amenable to all kinds of appropriations and manipulations, and its openness comes from its being a semiotic system whose principle of composition warrants unlimited interpretations. Through a semiotic-cum-philosophical inquiry, it is shown that the Zhouyi is first and foremost a system of representation, and because of its unique structure and principle of signification it forms an open hermeneutic space with infinite possibilities of interpretation.
Rupp in Perspective: An Examination of Two Topics in Beyond Existentialism and Zen
Authors: Alvarez Daniel R
Published: May 2005

George Rupp's Beyond Existentialism and Zen, in its typological-structural analysis and model of religious pluralism, proffers an alternative to the dominant Kantian models (e.g., by John Hicks and Sarvepalli Radhakrish nan). The question for Rupp is not which religion is true and how to decide that issue-answered in the Kantian approach in terms of an unknowable Ding an sich that all religions, albeit imperfectly, try to approximate or conceptualize (i.e., God or the Transcendent)-but rather how do religions represent, at least in principle, a structural possibility for salvation or human flourishing, however different and incompatible their distinct prima facie truth claims might be. Although the potential for a radically relativistic model is implicit in Rupp's approach, it is argued here that his Hegelian assumptions lead him to accept relativism only in a provisional ("critical") way; for Rupp, under ideal epistemic conditions (e.g., the Peircian "end of inquiry"), one final conceptualization of ultimate reality will emerge as absolute truth. In the final part of this essay a version of the relativistic model implicit in Rupp's approach is defended against both the Kantian model of Hicks et al. and Rupp's Hegelian-Peircian model, which, it is argued, is incompatible certainly with the spirit of his own typological-structural analysis, if not with the letter. In challenging what Rupp calls the truth of Zen, it is further argued that not only is more than one salvific structural possibility available to us through the different world religions but also that realizing these possibilities is principally a human responsibility, and that the cosmos is quite indifferent to and compatible with several possibilities, from the most destructive to the most conducive to human well being and flourishing.
Dong Zhongshu's Transformation of Yin-Yang Theory and Contesting of Gender Identity
Authors: Wang Robin
Published: May 2005

Dong Zhongshu (Tung Chung-shu) (179-104 B.C.E.) was the first prominent Confucian to integrate yin-yang theory into Confucianism. His constructive effort not only generates a new perspective on yin and yang, it also involves implications beyond its explicit contents. First, Dong changes the natural harmony (he) of yin and yang to an imposed unity (he). Second, he identifies yang with human nature (xing) and benevolence (ren), and yin with emotion (qing) and greed (tan). Taken together, these two novelties grant a philosophical basis for the theory and practice of gender inequality in their specifically Chinese manifestations. An analysis of Dong's work shows that the mere complementarity of yin and yang does not guarantee gender equality; they are not fixed categories, but together form a transformative dynamic harmony.
Thinking in Transition: Nishida Kitarō and Martin Heidegger
Authors: Weinmayr Elmar , Krummel John W. M , Berger Douglas L.
Published: May 2005

Two major philosophers of the twentieth century, the German existential phenomenologist Martin Heidegger and the seminal Japanese Kyoto School philosopher Nishida Kitaro are examined here in an attempt to discern to what extent their ideas may converge. Both are viewed as expressing, each through the lens of his own tradition, a world in transition with the rise of modernity in the West and its subsequent globalization. The popularity of Heidegger's thought among Japanese philosophers, despite its own admitted limitation to the Western "history of being," is connected to Nishida's opening of a uniquely Japanese path in its confrontation with Western philosophy. The focus is primarily on their later works (the post-Kehre Heidegger and the works of Nishida that have been designated "Nishida philosophy"), in which each in his own way attempts to overcome the subject-object dichotomy inherited from the tradition of Western metaphysics by looking to a deeper structure from out of which both subjectivity and objectivity are derived and which embraces both. For Heidegger, the answer lies in being as the opening of unconcealment, from out of which beings emerge, and for Nishida, it is the place of nothingness within which beings are co-determined in their oppositions and relations. Concepts such as Nishida's "discontinuous continuity," "absolutely self-contradictory identity" (between one and many, whole and part, world and things), the mutual interdependence of individuals, and the self-determination of the world through the co-relative self-determination of individuals, and Heidegger's "simultaneity" (zugleich) and "within one another" (ineinander) (of unconcealment and concealment, presencing and absencing), and their "between" (Zwischen) and "jointure" (Fuge) are examined. Through a discussion of these ideas, the suggestion is made of a possible "transition" (Ubergang) of both Western and Eastern thinking, in their mutual encounter, both in relation to each other and each in relation to its own past history, leading to both a self-discovery in the other and to a simultaneous self-reconstitution.
Monitoring Antibody Binding Events in Homogeneous Solution by Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Scheffler Silvia , Sauer Markus , Neuweiler Hannes
Published: May 2005

We demonstrate the potential of modern confocal fluorescence microscopy in combination with quenched peptide-based fluorescence probes for sensitive detection of p53 antibodies directly in homogeneous solution. Single tryptophan (Trp) residues in the sequences of short, synthetic peptide epitopes of the human p53 protein efficiently quench the fluorescence of an oxazine fluorophore attached to the amino terminal ends of the peptides. The fluorescence quenching mechanism is thought to be a photoinduced electron transfer reaction from Trp to the dye enabled by the formation of intramolecular complexes between dye and Trp. Specific recognition of the epitope by the antibody confines the conformational flexibility of the peptide. Consequently, complex formation between dye and Trp is abolished and fluorescence is recovered. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), antibody binding can be monitored observing simultaneously two parameters: the diffusional mobility of the peptide as well as the quenching amplitude induced by the conformational flexibility of the peptide change significantly upon antibody binding. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the strong fluorescence increase upon binding can also be used to directly detect p53 autoantibodies from human blood serum samples in fluorescence intensity time traces. Our data demonstrate that new refined single-molecule fluorescence techniques in combination with quenched peptide epitopes open new possibilities for the reliable detection of antibody binding events in homogeneous solution.
Classical Trajectory and Statistical Adiabatic Channel Study of the Dynamics of Capture and Unimolecular Bond Fission. VII. Thermal Capture and Specific Rate Constants k(E,J) for the Dissociation of Molecular Ions
Authors: Troe J. , Ushakov V.G. , Viggiano A. A.
Published: May 2005

Specific rate constants, k(E,J), and thermal capture rate constants, k
cap(T), are determined by statistical adiabatic channel model/classical trajectory (SACM/CT) calculations for unimolecular dissociation and the reverse association reactions of representative polyatomic molecular ions. Simple short-range valence/long-range ion-induced dipole model potentials without reverse barriers have been employed, using the reactions C8H10
+ ⇔ C7H7
+ + CH3 and C9H12
+ ⇔ C7H7
+ + C2H5 as illustrative examples. Simplified representations of k(E) and k
cap(T) from rigid activated complex Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory are compared with the SACM/CT treatment and with experimental results. The Massey parameters of the transitional mode dynamics, for the systems considered, are smaller than unity such that their dynamics is nonadiabatic while the dynamics of the conserved modes is adiabatic. Because of the long-range/short-range switching character of the potential, simple rigid activated complex RRKM theory cannot be used without modifications. The effects of a shifting of the effective bottle-neck of the dynamics with increasing energy towards smaller interfragment distances in the present cases are amplified by a shift into a range of increasing anisotropy of the potential. As a consequence, the thermal capture rate constants markedly decrease with increasing temperature.
Bubble size estimation in slurry bubble columns from pressure fluctuations
Authors: Chilekar V. P. , Warnier M. J. F. , van der Schaaf J. , Kuster B. F. M. , Schouten J. C. , van Ommen J. R.
Published: May 2005

The average large gas bubble size in slurry bubble columns is estimated using a spectral analysis method applied to measured pressure time series. A pressure time series measured in a bubble column consists of local pressure fluctuations and global pressure fluctuations. The local pressure fluctuations arise from the liquid velocity fluctuations induced by the large gas bubbles and by the changes in gas holdup. The standard deviation of these local pressure fluctuations is a measure of the average large bubble size. The coherence between the pressure time series measured at the sparger and at any other location in the column is used to separate the local pressure fluctuations from the global pressure fluctuations. The global pressure fluctuations are measured instantaneously throughout the column and form the coherent part of the pressure time series. The local pressure fluctuations, which are absent at the sparger, form the incoherent part of the pressure time series. In a 2‐D bubble column, a clear correlation is demonstrated between the incoherent standard deviation of the pressure time series and the average large gas bubble size obtained from video imaging. A good agreement is also found between this correlation and the 3‐D model proposed by Krishna et al. for predicting the average large bubble size in 3‐D (slurry) bubble columns. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Analysis of breakthrough dynamics in rectangular channels of arbitrary aspect ratio
Authors: Ahn Hyungwoong , Brandani Stefano
Published: May 2005

Adsorption in rectangular and square channels is attracting great interest from various fields of research. In particular, in large scale applications the main interest is in the prediction of the performance of monoliths composed of several individual channels, while, in the field of microengineering, particular interest is in the separation performance of individual channels for the development of small‐scale analytical devices, that is, the lab on a chip. The design of all these units is based on the accurate representation of the breakthrough dynamics and the performance of the unit can be represented conveniently by the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP). General simplified equations for the calculation of the HETP are derived for rectangular channels of arbitrary aspect ratio. The dispersion in the solid phase is corrected to take into account the effect of the adsorptive capacity in the four corners of the solid phase. A corrected thickness of the walls of the channels is predicted and shown to yield the exact HETP by comparing the analytical solution to the full 3‐D numerical solution. Numerical simulations are presented for representative gas and liquid systems. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Gonadoblastoma in Turner syndrome and Y‐chromosome‐derived material
Authors: Mazzanti Laura , Cicognani Alessandro , Baldazzi Lilia , Bergamaschi Rosalba , Scarano Emanuela , Strocchi Simona , Nicoletti Annalisa , Mencarelli Francesca , Pittalis Mariacarla , Forabosco Antonino , Cacciari Emanuele
Published: May 2005

The identification of Y‐chromosome material is important in females with Ullrich–Turner syndrome (UTS) due to the risk of developing gonadoblastoma or other gonadal tumors. There is controversy regarding the frequency of the Y‐chromosome‐derived material and the occurrence of gonadoblastoma in these patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate a large number of patients with UTS, followed before and during the pubertal age for the prevalence of Y‐chromosome derived material, the occurrence of gonadoblastoma, and the incidence of possible neoplastic degeneration. An unselected series of 171 patients with UTS (1–34 years old), diagnosed cytogenetically, was studied for Y‐chromosome markers (SRY and Y‐centromeric DYZ3 repeats). The follow‐up was of 2–22 years; 101 of these patients were followed during pubertal age. Y‐chromosome material was found in 14 patients (8%): 12 of these were gonadectomized (2.8–25.9 years). A gonadoblastoma was detected in four patients under 16 years of age: in two, Y‐material was detected only at molecular analysis (at conventional cytogenetic analysis, one was included in the 45,X group and one in the X + mar group) and one had also an immature teratoma and an endodermal sinus carcinoma. The prevalence of gonadoblastoma in our series of gonadectomized UTS patients with Y‐positive material was of 33.3% (4/12). Our data suggest that the age of appearance and the possibility of malignant degeneration of gonadoblastoma can occur early in life. These patients, in particular those with 45,X or a marker chromosome may benefit from molecular screening to detect the presence of Y‐chromosome material; PCR is a rapid and inexpensive technique. At the moment, laparoscopy and preventive gonadectomy performed as soon as possible remain the procedures of choice for patients with UTS, when Y‐chromosome has been identified, as we are still unable to predict a future malignant evolution of gonadoblastoma. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An LRRK2 mutation as a cause for the parkinsonism in the original PARK8 family
Authors: Funayama Manabu , Hasegawa Kazuko , Ohta Etsuro , Kawashima Noriko , Komiyama Masaru , Kowa Hisayuki , Tsuji Shoji , Obata Fumiya
Published: May 2005

We detected a missense mutation in the kinase domain of the LRRK2 gene in members with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease of the Japanese family (the Sagamihara family) who served as the basis for the original defining of the PARK8 Parkinson's disease locus. The results of the Sagamihara family, in combination with the unique pathological features characterized by pure nigral degeneration without Lewy bodies, provided us with valuable information for elucidating the protein structure–pathogenesis relationship for the gene product of LRRK2. We did not detect this mutation or other known mutations of the LRRK2 gene in Japanese patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2005