bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Chakraborty Arpita , Verma Shyamji , Roopashree R Ms.
Published: June 2024

Fermentation technology, an ancient art of utilizing microorganisms to produce valuable products, has evolved into a diverse and interdisciplinary field. This chapter covers its historical significance, fundamental principles, recent trends, and future prospects. It explores enrichment, isolation, and screening of microbial strains, inoculum development, and scale-up. Different types of fermentation, including aerobic, anaerobic, batch, and continuous, are examined with examples of their applications. The role of fermentors, growth media, and control of process parameters is discussed. Downstream processing, enzyme applications, and the production of bioinoculants for agriculture are explored. Finally, recent advances, including bioprocess engineering, synthetic biology, and microbiome studies, are outlined, indicating an innovative and sustainable future for fermentation technology.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IOT AND GREEN IOT
Authors: Ratnakar Monika , Kumar Sumit
Published: June 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the combination of a network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and healthcare & agriculture equipments. It is also used to connect other gadgets, which are embedded with sensors, actuators and Bluetooth. The all connected devices are allowed to exchange data and perform automated tasks without human intervention. Another aspect of technology is, Green IoT (Internet of Things) refers to the application of IoT technology to promote sustainability and eco-friendliness in various industries. The latest development in Green IoT is the growing concentrate on using Internet of Things devices and systems to reduce carbon emissions, minimize waste and promote energy efficiency. This paper discusses Internet of Things and Green IoT structural design & current emerging utility domains such as Healthcare & Agriculture. Certainly, it would help the research scholar to understand the latest trends of technology in healthcare and agriculture and its utility to the 21st century.
BLUETOOTH BASED HOME AUTOMATION USING ARDUINO
Authors: Virgil Jeny Dr. J Rethna , Leela Amrutha Divya Sai
Published: June 2024

A growing number of processes are being automated. Since it takes less time for people to complete jobs, automation is a rapid way to get any equipment or gadget to do what we want it to. In this article, an Arduino and a Bluetooth module will be used to design and build a home automation system. A home automation system with an Android app offers a straightforward and reliable technology. An Arduino Uno with a Bluetooth module is used by the home automation system to control devices like fans, lamps, air conditioners, and automated door locks. The post largely focuses on providing a secure smart house when no one is home, as well as monitoring and managing smart homes using Android phones. This is a controllable smart home gadget with a user-friendly, budget-friendly design.
THE NEED AND SCOPE OF LINGUISTICS FOR TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE TO ENGINEERING STUDENTS: A SURVEY
Authors: Metkari Hanmant
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the crucial role of linguistics in teaching English to engineering students. It highlights the significance of understanding linguistic principles and applying them in language instruction. Additionally, this chapter presents a literature review to support the argument.
TRIBAL WOMEN IN EDUCATION: ROLE OF SOCIO- ECONOMIC CONDITION
Authors: Nayak Dr. G. Veerya
Published: June 2024

There is a saying “educating a girl child is educating a generation” which indicates woman’s role in building a better society. If we provide quality and indiscriminate education to a girl child, it helps to build an extremely civilized society. Lack of awareness among the people is leading for existing discrimination, based on gender in education. This affects girls’ education and leads to remain them as dropouts.We can witness a number of evidences regarding discrimination in the advanced society. But the question arises here is that is, if the woman from advanced and civilized society is facing discrimination, we can imagine the condition of a woman from tribal community, where they lack awareness regarding education and its importance. This paper aims to discuss the major factors that affected on tribal women to stop educating. Therefore it is the responsibility of the researchers to know the factors that affect women to pursue their education and reasons to remain dropouts. This paper tries to study and find the role of socio- economical factors on women education in tribal areas of Telangana. The researcher’s interaction with women from tribal community explores reasons to become dropouts. The findings of the studies will be discussed in detail with statistical analysis and provides some suggestions to overcome the problem.
UNLOCKING SECURITY: ALGORITHMS AND PROTOCOLS FOR KEY MANAGEMENT IN WSNS
Authors: Latha Dr. P. Suma , Krishna Priya Dr. C. , Shaik Nazeer
Published: June 2024

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a crucial role in modern data collection and monitoring applications, but their deployment in challenging environments exposes them to security threats. Secure key management is a fundamental aspect of ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of the data exchanged within WSNs. This paper presents a comprehensive study of secure key management in WSNs, focusing on algorithms, protocols, challenges, and potential future directions. The paper starts with an introduction to WSNs, highlighting their importance and applications. It then discusses the significance of secure key management, emphasizing the need for confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and key revocation. The challenges in key management are explored, including limited resources, dynamic network topology, scalability, key distribution, and key revocation and update. Various cryptographic techniques used for key management are explained, such as symmetric key cryptography, asymmetric key cryptography, and hash-based techniques. The paper delves into key management protocols, including LEAP, SPINS, TESLA, and LEAP+, comparing their resource utilization, resistance to attacks, scalability, and ease of implementation. A comparative analysis of these protocols reveals their strengths and limitations in different scenarios. Moreover, the paper highlights future directions in secure key management, such as quantum-resistant key management, energy-efficient protocols, and the application of machine learning for optimization and security.By comprehensively addressing secure key management in WSNs, this paper provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners to design robust and efficient key management solutions for their WSN deployments.
BEYOND THE BUZZWORDS: A DEEP DIVE INTO WIRELESS NETWORKS, IOT, AND AI INTEGRATION FOR INTELLIGENT ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Shaik Abdul Subhahan , Shaik Nazeer
Published: June 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of modern technology, the integration of wireless networks, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) has catalyzed the emergence of intelligent environments. This paper explores the multifaceted integration of these technologies, unveiling their collaborative potential in revolutionizing various domains. The evolution of wireless communication protocols, the advent of 5G technology, and the emergence of mesh networks form the foundation of seamless connectivity. IoT devices, comprising sensors and actuators, facilitate data collection, while AI-driven data analysis empowers informed decision-making. Key components of smart connectivity encompass real-time data analysis, intelligent control, predictive maintenance, and personalized user experiences. Challenges such as data privacy, interoperability, managing big data, and ethical considerations underscore the need for a comprehensive approach. Nevertheless, smart connectivity applications in domains such as smart cities, healthcare, industrial IoT, and smart homes showcase the transformative potential of integration. Future directions encompass advancements in wireless technologies, AI's autonomous decision-making, societal and economic transformations, and environmental sustainability. This paper underscores that the fusion of wireless networks, IoT, and AI is paving the way for a future enriched by automation, efficiency, and innovation.
MACHINE LEARNING-DRIVEN INTRUSION DETECTION: MEMORY-ENHANCED MULTI-MODAL TRIPLET NETWORKS IN MEM-TET
Authors: Krishna Dr. T. Murali , Shaik Nazeer
Published: June 2024

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are crucial components in safeguarding computer networks against an ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats. This paper introduces MEM-TET, a novel framework that leverages the power of Machine Learning (ML) to enhance intrusion detection accuracy. MEM-TET stands for Memory-Enhanced Multi-Modal Triplet Embedding Network, a framework designed to address the limitations of traditional IDS methods by integrating multi-modal learning, memory augmentation, and triplet loss optimization. The proposed MEM-TET framework excels in capturing intricate relationships between network features and effectively recognizing both known and novel attack patterns. By leveraging information from multiple data modalities and optimizing the embedding space using triplet loss, MEM-TET demonstrates superior accuracy and adaptability compared to rule-based IDS and conventional machine learning-based IDS methods. The incorporation of memory-augmented learning further enhances MEM-TET's ability to handle evolving attack strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive methodology for data collection, preprocessing, model architecture, training, and evaluation. Experimental results showcase MEM-TET's ability to outperform existing methods across various performance metrics, emphasizing its effectiveness in improving intrusion detection accuracy.
SECURING WIRELESS NETWORKS WITH BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY: ENHANCING TRUST AND RESILIENCE
Authors: Chitralingappa Dr. P. , Shaik Nazeer
Published: June 2024

The rapid proliferation of wireless networks has revolutionized communication but also exposed vulnerabilities such as unauthorized access and data breaches. Traditional security mechanisms face limitations in addressing evolving threats. Blockchain technology, known for its decentralized and tamper-resistant nature, offers a promising solution to bolster security and trust in wireless networks. This paper provides an overview of blockchain technology, exploring its core concepts and benefits. It delves into its applications in wireless networks, including authentication, data integrity, resource sharing, and threat detection. The paper also discusses challenges such as scalability, energy consumption, and interoperability. Case studies showcase real-world implementations. The benefits encompass enhanced security, resilience, and potential network architecture disruption. Ethical considerations include energy consumption, data privacy, and equitable access. In conclusion, the integration of blockchain into wireless networks promises a more secure and transparent digital landscape, though challenges must be overcome for responsible and effective adoption.
SMART AGRICULTURE: A DIGITAL AG-TECH INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE FARMING
Authors: Dash Soumya Sakti , Aditya Prasad Kanungo Dr. , Behera Dibyajyoti , Mohanty Smaranika
Published: June 2024

The agriculture and allied sectors has undergone a massive modern digital transformation during the last decade. New digital tools and technologies are reshaping the way we farm which is changing for the better. Such ground-breaking deviations from the conventional methods are unsettling current approaches in agricultural industry. The growth in the use of digital devices and internet paved the way for agriculture to be smart which is possible by combined implementation of digital technology solutions to be what called as Third Green Revolution. The change brought by the modern digital interventions of data-backed technologies, such as sensing technologies, remote positioning technologies Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs or drones), big data analytics, robotics, block chain technology, internet of things, machine learning, artificial intelligence etc. The future of Smart agriculture has tremendous potential to promote an efficient, technologically advanced and sustainable agriculture which is more precise and effective way to fight world hunger, poverty and malnutrition.
NOMAD'S FOODS: TRADITIONAL FOODS OF THE KYRGYZ PEOPLE
Authors: Akai Tegin Ruslan Adil , Moldokadyrov Aibek
Published: June 2024

Kyrgyz nomadic cuisine, deeply rooted in their rich cultural heritage and nomadic lifestyle, is a testament to their adaptability to the rugged landscapes of Central Asia. With a focus on hearty meat-centric dishes, an array of dairy delicacies, and staple grains, it reflects their resourcefulness in utilizing locally sourced ingredients. Milk, obtained from various animals, takes center stage, resulting in diverse dairy products like "kaimak," "cream butter," and probiotic-rich ayran. Additionally, kurut, sary mai, and the beloved fermented mare's milk, koumiss, contribute to their unique culinary tapestry. Meat, especially mutton and horse meat, holds a revered place, and their meat preparation techniques are a testament to their culinary mastery. Beyond sustenance, Kyrgyz nomad foods embody cultural identity and community bonds, shared in a spirit of togetherness, making them more than just nourishment for the body but also for the soul.
INSECT PHEROMONE:CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE OF PHEROMONE GLAND, BIOSYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION IN PEST MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kakoti Beauti
Published: June 2024

All living beings communicate with each other by means of physical or chemical cues. Insects are the most diverse group of organisms in the earth. Insects like other living organisms communicate with each other in various occasions such as for habitat marking, for mating, to warn other members of potential threats etc. Among all the communication cues, pheromone that mediates communication via chemical cues is the oldest one seen in insects. Various types of pheromones like sex attractants, alarm pheromone, aggregation pheromone are seen among insect orders. Pheromone, because of its high species specific are utilized as pest management tool in several field crops like rice, cotton etc. as alternative to chemical control in Integrated Pest Management. However, despite of its advantages such as, eco-friendly, cost-effectiveness, requirement in very small amount, non-toxic to non-target organisms, pheromone based pest management is still is less popular in several sectors like tea. This chapter gives a brief overview of the types of pheromones and their synthesis with reference to their utilization in pest management.
THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SUGAR AND DAIRY BASED FERMENTED KEFIR BEVERAGE
Authors: Gun Ilhan
Published: June 2024

Probiotic microorganisms are found in great quantities in the fermented beverage kefir. While milk kefir grain has cauliflower appearance, water kefir grain has glassy and transparent appearance. Since the microbiota of both grains is different, the quality of the product obtained varies. Both kefir microbiotas include lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts and acetic acid bacteria. Lentilactobacillus kefir, Lentilactobacillus parakefiri, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Torula kefir, Acetobacter aceti in milk kefir and Lentilactobacillus hilgardii, Bifidobacterium aquikefiri, Zygosaccharomyces florentinus, Torulaspora pretoriensi, Acetobacter fabarum, Acetobacter orientalis in water kefir constitute the dominant flora. The fat and protein content of the water kefir production medium is low and a probiotic drink is obtained as a result of sugar fermentation. Therefore, the composition, flavor composition, rheological properties and the amount of many biochemical metabolites such as antioxidant activity are different in both beverages. Therefore, the health effects of both beverages may also vary. In this study, the properties of the grains used in the production of milk and water kefir, product characteristics and their importance for health were investigated.
SPRAY DRYING: FROM LIQUID TO POWDER - UNVEILING THE TRANSFORMATIVE PROCESS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Chavan Ganesh Mahendrasing Mr. , V. P. Kad Dr. , Shelke Ganesh Namdev Dr.
Published: June 2024

Spray drying is a widely employed technique in various industries for transforming liquid formulations into dry powders. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of the spray drying process, covering its fundamental principles, equipment configurations, and applications across diverse fields. The chapter commences by elucidating the underlying principles of spray drying, exploring the intricate interplay of atomization, evaporation, and particle formation. The mechanism of droplet formation and its subsequent drying under controlled conditions are analyzed in-depth, shedding light on the critical factors influencing powder morphology, size, and composition. A detailed examination of the essential components of a spray drying system is provided, including the atomizers, drying chambers, air handling units, and powder collection mechanisms. The influence of operational parameters, such as inlet temperature, feed rate, and droplet size distribution, on the overall process efficiency and product quality is meticulously scrutinized. Furthermore, the versatility of spray drying is explored through an exploration of its application in various industries. Pharmaceutical applications encompassing drug encapsulation, inhalable formulations, and vaccine development are discussed, highlighting the technique's role in enhancing drug stability and bioavailability. In the food industry, the chapter examines the use of spray drying for producing powdered flavors, functional ingredients, and dairy products. Overall, this book chapter provides a comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of spray drying, offering invaluable insights for researchers, engineers, and professionals seeking a deeper understanding of this versatile and transformative drying technique.
TO STUDY INDUCTION OF FLOWERING IN GLADIOLUS CORMELS BY CHEMICALS
Authors: Nazir Manoj , Singh Barkha , Durani Kesar
Published: June 2024

An experiment was conducted at Shobhit university using the cormels of gladiolus cvs. Shobhit Snow White and Shobhit Red in an attempt to induce flowering in the plants raised from cormels during 2021 and 2022. Two foliar sprays of chemicals viz, gibberellic acid (25 ppm), benzyl adenine (50 ppm), salicylic acid (100 ppm), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1%), potassium nitrate (1%) and calcium nitrate (1%) were given twice at monthly interval. Salicylic acid and calcium nitrate recorded less number of days for flowering and highest flowering percentage. Spike length, number of florets per spike, size of second floret, number of corms and cormels per plot were maximum with salicylic acid. Gibberellic acid treatment significantly delayed flowering and also resulted in minimum flowering percentage. Flowering percentage was significantly high in cv. Phule Ganesh over cv. Phule Prerna. Cultivar Phule Ganesh was also found superior in respect of number of corms produced per plot but cv. Phule Prerna recorded maximum number of big and small cormels per plot.
MEDICAL ETHICS AND CODE OF CONDUCT OF PHYSICIAN AS IN CLASSICAL TEXT OF AYURVEDA
Authors: P. Adhao Dr. Mamata
Published: June 2024

India has a rich tradition of medical ethics dating back to ancient times. Ayurveda the Indian system of medicine is sacred knowledge, science of life which emphasizes the balance and well-being state of Mana (mind), Sharira (body), Aatma (soul), and Indriya (sense organs). In Ayurveda, there is a strong emphasis on ethical conduct and moral standards for medical practitioners. Code of conduct laid down in Ayurveda set the foundation for the medical community and prescribed the principles for medical practice. According to Ayurveda medical practitioners (Vaidyas), were obligated to adhere to certain moral standards and ethics. They were expected to have a compassionate outlook and follow the prescribed code of conduct. In addition to ethical conduct, Ayurveda also emphasizes the importance of a good teacher-disciple relationship and the qualities of a good physician. The code of conduct in Ayurveda includes guidelines for behavior with patients and their relatives. The manners of the physician of the healing arts was expected to be conventional to the highest ideals of personal and professional life. . The appearance, dress, speech, and manners of medical practitioners were also expected to be above reproach. They should have good moral character and high sense of responsibility. Acharya Charaka, an influen-tial figure in Ayurveda, emphasized the high ideals of medical practice code of conduct and the responsibilities of doctors. He intro-duced the Charaka oath, which was to be tak-en by students before starting their medical education. This oath outlined the principles and ethics that should guide medical practi-tioners. In cases of ignorance, misconduct, or ethical violations in medical practice, the an-cient texts of Ayurveda suggest severe pu-nishments, including the death penalty. Overall, the high standards and principles of medical practice in ancient India, as outlined in Ayurveda, reflect the emphasis on ethical conduct, responsibility, and good moral cha-racter among medical practitioners.
AI IN DENTISTRY- THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Authors: J Unnithan Dr. Jayesh
Published: June 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has undeniably revolutionized dentistry, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, streamlining treatment planning, and transforming patient care. AI algorithms can now analyze medical images for precise diagnoses, suggest multiple personalized treatment plans, and predict oral health issues. This chapter intends to provide a comprehensive exploration of AI's evolution in dentistry, tracing its initial stages to its role in the present day and projecting its immense potential for the future.
ROLE OF ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES IN MITIGATING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
Authors: Shakya Dr. Poonam , Nayak Dr. Anju , Jogi Dr. Joycee , Rai Dr. Ajay
Published: June 2024

The successful use of any therapeutic agent is compromised by the potential development of tolerance or resistance to that compound from the time it is first employed. This is true for agents used in the treatment of bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral infections and for treatment of other chronic diseases. In the specific case of antimicrobial agents, the complexity of the processes that contribute to emergence and dissemination of resistance cannot be overemphasized and the lack of basic knowledge on these topics is one of the primary reasons that there has been so little significant achievement in the effective prevention and control of resistance development (Cushnie and Lamb, 2005).
EMBRACING THE DIGITAL ERA: TRANSFORMING PROSTHODONTICS THROUGH TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
Authors: Kumar Dr. Lakshya , Verma Dr. Aditi , Yadav Dr. Akansha
Published: June 2024

“In the rapidly evolving field of prosthodontics, a digital revolution is underway, reshaping the way we approach patient care, diagnostics, and treatment planning. The integration of advanced technologies and digital workflows has ushered in a new era, offering unprecedented precision, efficiency, and aesthetic outcomes. This chapter explores the transformative power of the digital era in prosthodontics, highlighting the key advancements, benefits, and implications for both clinicians and patients.”
POLLUTION DETECTION TECHNIQUE USING IOT WITH PREVENTION
Authors: V Vanitha , Priya R Mohana , R Karthikeyan , Raza Md Danish
Published: June 2024

Our quality of life is directly impacted by environmental air characteristics, which change from day to day or maybe hour to hour. With recent decades of rapid industrial development, there is a sharply rising desire for every individual to check and monitor the quality of air in order to understand their livelihood and about the quality air which has been breathed by them. In the article, we plan to implement an air monitoring system that is supported by the Embedded – Arduino(UNO) platform. This environmental-air monitoring system aims to provide an affordable, simple, and reliable solution to continuously and consistently monitor the quality of air. Thus, a transportable system that combines several sensors into a one complete device and may be installed anywhere. Thereby, results of the noninheritable tests are shown on a screen and may even be saved on a number of computers for further examination.
NANOTECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS IN MEDICAL IMAGE SECURITY AND AUTHENTICATION
Authors: Raj Simran , Dhiman Vipin , Pratishtha Ms. , Bhardwaj Rakhi
Published: June 2024

Medical imaging has an important place in effective diagnosis and treatment. Picture archiving and communication system (PACS) serves as a central repository for medical images and offers easy acceptance, transfer, display, storage, and digital processing of images. PACS deals with medical information systems, and medical devices, and also engages health professionals both inside and outside the healthcare system (Cokke et al., 2003). This complexity may generate exposure chances for maliciousness and results in security requirements that are sometimes insufficient or inadequate. Sometimes, medical images are exchanged among physicians, consultants, and healthcare institutions in order to facilitate successful consultation and to provide appropriate healthcare services. It also involves the use of telemedicine that rely on biomedical sensors, Internet of Things (IOT) and Internet to provide continuous quick, efficient, healthcare services in a cost-effective manner. The privacy of healthcare information must be on top consideration for any future e-health system and can't be compromised, but due to extensive use of computers and the internet it is quite challenging (Maksimović et al., 2017). To support the patient's care, and to protect the health information in a variety of electronic systems from cyber-attacks there is a requirement to follow the federal mandates issued by HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, It is aimed at protecting the personal data of patients from public access) and security-related guidelines such as DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine, defines the image format and transfer protocol for medical images and related data) and HL7 (Health Level 7, specifies messages for transmitting patient information, orders, and reports) (Mohammed et al., 2017). As well as different security measures methods such as encryption of data, digital signature, micro-segmentation, multifactor authentication, watermarking and PMA (Privileged Access Management, safeguard individual id with special access), VNA (Vendor Neutral Archives, it store medical images in a standard format and interface for access) may be utilized to secure the medical images (Paudel,2019). This chapter specifically addresses the challenges in medical image security and methods to protect the images from cyber challenges.
BASICS OF ZINC OXIDE AS A SEMICONDUCTOR: THEORITICAL EXPLANATION
Authors: Das Pratyusha
Published: June 2024

As Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide bandgap semiconductor. So it has earned significant attention in the last few years due to its versatile properties and potential applications in various electronic devices. ZnO has the properties like high electron mobility, high thermal conductivity, wide and direct band gap and large excitation binding energy which make ZnO very suitable for making a wide range device like transparent thin-film transistors, photodetectors, Light emitting diodes and laser diodes that operates in the blue and UV region of spectrum. It is a cheap, transparent, conductive oxide and is used as a material for electronic circuits that is optically transparent for semiconductor spintronics and thus as an alternative to gallium nitride (GaN). This chapter firstly discusses the effect of defects and impurities on the electrical and optical properties of ZnO, secondly the practical applications of ZnO semiconductors in various fields such as nanotechnology, sensors, etc.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: S Shanmugapriya , S Sanjay
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter on a near-atomic scale to produce new structures, materials and devices. The technology promises scientific advancement in many sectors such as medicine, consumer products, energy, materials, and manufacturing. Nanotechnology refers to engineered structures, devices, and systems. Nanomaterials have a length scale between 1 and 100 nanometers. At this size, materials begin to exhibit unique properties that affect physical, chemical, and biological behavior. Researching, developing, and utilizing these properties is at the heart of new technology. Nanotechnology can increase the surface area of a material. This allows more atoms to interact with other materials. An increased surface area is one of the chief reasons nanometer- scale materials can be stronger, more durable, and more conductive than their larger-scale (called bulk) counterparts. There are two ways to build materials on the nanometer-scale: top-down or bottom-up.Top-down nanomanufacturing involves carving bulk materials to create features with nanometer-scale dimensions. For decades, the process used to produce computer chips has been top-down. Producers work to increase the speed and efficiency of each "generation" of microchip. The manufacture of graphene-based (as opposed to silicon-based) microchips may revolutionize the industry. Bottom-up nanomanufacturing builds products atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule. Experimenting with quantum dots and other nanomaterials, tech companies are starting to develop transistors and other electronic devices using individual molecules. These atom-thick transistors may mark the future development of the microchip industry.
NANOTECHNOLOGY: A NOVEL APPROACH TO DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Madhura Laxman Tambolkar
Published: June 2024

In recent times, nanomedicine and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are relatively new but rapidly developing fields of medical science where medicines, therapeutic agents, and various diagnostic tools are designed in a controlled manner. Recent research suggests that nanotechnology may have a considerable impact on disease prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Faster drug absorption, controlled dose release, and reduced side effects are all made possible. Nanotechnology is redefining surgery and the early detection of diseases like cancer. With the aid of nanotechnology, drugs with a high potential for toxicity can be administered with greater safety. The purpose of this paper is to briefly examine various drug delivery system types, applications, benefits, and problems.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IN METAVERSE: A FUTURE PROSPECT
Authors: Sana Jamshaid Dr.
Published: June 2024

This chapter digs into the revolutionary landscape of "Organic Chemistry in the Metaverse," wherein the convergence of technological developments with organic chemistry, nanotechnology, quantum computing, and virtual reality is examined. The metaverse has the potential to significantly transform the fields of molecular design, synthesis, and comprehension through its immersive platform that facilitates experimentation and cooperation.This study examines the significance of virtual molecular design and exploration in several fields, including drug discovery, materials science, catalysis, and environmental sustainability, with a particular focus on the influence of artificial intelligence and immersive technology. The prediction and optimization of acceleration response in the metaverse hold the potential to enhance reaction conditions in real-time, resulting in a substantial reduction in experimental duration. This advancement has the capacity to propel drug discovery, sustainable chemistry, and materials design to new heights.The chapter explores the advancements made in the field of quantum auxiliary materials, specifically focusing on the utilization of quantum simulations for various applications such as catalysis, electronics, energy storage, and upcoming technologies. This paper addresses several challenges and considerations pertaining to virtual simulations, encompassing aspects such as the accuracy of these simulations, ethical concerns, accessibility, interdisciplinary collaboration, and technical limits. In summary, the advancement of organic chemistry through the met averse presents unique prospects, however, necessitates a thoughtful examination of ethical, technical, and educational dimensions. The responsible development of organic chemistry in the metaverse necessitates a holistic approach that integrates technological developments, ethical frameworks, and comprehensive education.
TEXT AND DISCOURSE
Authors: V. Fernandes Dr. Clarence
Published: June 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of text and discourse analysis, delving into key concepts, methodological approaches, analytical levels, text types, discourse genres, and real-world applications. The chapter defines text as a meaningful stretch of language with a communicative purpose, while discourse encompasses any language use in social contexts. Methodologies explored include linguistic analysis, functional analysis, critical discourse analysis, conversation analysis, and genre analysis. Five levels of analysis are discussed: word level, sentence level, whole text level, intertextual level, and sociocultural level. Text types analyzed include narratives, expository texts, and argumentative texts. Discourse genres examined include political discourse, educational discourse, and medical discourse. Finally, diverse applications are showcased in fields like stylistics, literacy education, digital communication, forensic linguistics, language teaching, and computational linguistics. This multifaceted exploration of texts and discourses facilitates nuanced linguistic analysis while unveiling intricate connections between language, meaning, and context across various realms of theory and practice.
UNLOCKING LEARNING POTENTIALS: THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL PORTFOLIOS IN EDUCATION
Authors: Raval Dr Vikas
Published: June 2024

The chapter examines how technology is being used in education, with a focus on how digital portfolios are being used as a pedagogical tool to promote student learning. The present chapter investigates the use of technology in education, with an emphasis on using digital records (portfolio) as a pedagogical resource to increase student learning. The introduction focuses on how technology has transformed many facets of life and how it has integrated with language learning. It introduces the idea of a digital portfolio, which is defined as a digital collection of artefacts that represents the experiences, successes, and reflections of a person or organisation. The move from traditional hard-copy portfolios to digital portfolios is covered in the article, along with the advantages that were seen in students' learning behaviours and technical abilities. It highlights the need of integrative learning, in which students actively look for links between knowledge from the past and the present to promote deep comprehension.
COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIES: PEDIATRICIANS AND ONCOLOGISTS UNITE FOR PEDIATRIC CANCER MANAGEMENT
Authors: Chatterjee Dr Rachita , Mishra Dr Vishwadeep
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the vital collaboration between pediatricians and oncologists in the complex realm of pediatric cancer management. Acknowledging the distinct roles of each specialty, the chapter emphasizes the need for clear delineation of responsibilities to ensure integrated and comprehensive care. Pediatric cancer management brings forth unique challenges, including emotional burdens and limited access to specialized care. Collaborative strategies, discussed in the chapter, address these challenges by providing crucial support to healthcare providers and families. Key strategies include interdisciplinary case conferences, tumor boards, and the incorporation of telemedicine for streamlined communication. The chapter underscores the importance of evidence-based guidelines, emphasizing collaborative efforts in their development and updates. Family-centered care is positioned as a core element, highlighting the involvement of families in decision-making and ensuring psychological support. Long-term follow-up and survivorship care are discussed within the context of collaboration, emphasizing the transition between pediatric and adult healthcare providers. The authors stress the role of collaborative research initiatives in advancing pediatric cancer care. In conclusion, the chapter advocates for collaborative strategies to unite pediatricians and oncologists, fostering comprehensive, patient-centered care and ultimately improving outcomes for young patients and their families.
LASERS IN ENDODONTICS
Authors: Narayanan Dr K Sathya
Published: June 2024

The employment of current technologies to enhance treatment methods has been most beneficial in the field of dentistry. The use of lasers in endodontic treatments and research has grown significantly over the past few years since Maiman developed the ruby laser in 1960 and Weichman first used it in endodontics in 1971. In order to reduce the likelihood of endodontic therapy failing because of the intricacy of the root canal system, lasers have been studied. Additionally, it has been used therapeutically for the direct irradiation of the root canals or as an adjuvant to irrigants inserted into the canals, in conjunction with a photosensitizer (antimicrobial photodynamic treatment), and for the management of pain (photobiomodulation)
ROLE OF PSI IN ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY: FRONTIER IN RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERIES
Authors: Bansal Dr. Vyomika , Singh Dr. Akhilesh Kumar , Sharma Dr. Naresh Kumar , Mahajan Dr. Arjun Deepak , Singh Dr. Akhilesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Aim: To elucidate the significance of Patient-Specific Implants (PSIs) in reconstruction of challenging maxillofacial hard tissues defects, requiring precise replacement of deficient tissue to achieve favourable outcomes. Also, to highlight the vital role of PSIs in rehabilitation of Post COVID Mucor maxillectomy patients providing maximal stability, functionality and improved quality of life. Background: Conventionally, various autografts and alloplastic materials have been used in the reconstruction of complex maxillofacial defects, but were time consuming and didn’t assure reliable outcomes. The use of individualized designed biomaterials has opened new possibilities in reconstructive surgery, and now, it is possible to use the patient’s computed tomography (CT) to construct patient-specific implants (PSIs). Titanium implants are Customizable, Easily Workable (especially with the help of 3D virtual planning techniques), Bioinert, and Non-porous, they represent an ideal alloplastic material for facial hard tissue reconstruction. Conclusion: Patient-Specific Implants (PSIs) show great potential for individuals with oral and craniomaxillofacial defects, whether resulting from trauma or post COVID maxillectomy. The reconstruction of these intricate anatomical areas provides a reliable alternative, enabling safe and time-efficient procedures. Ongoing advancements in Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies facilitate the rapid customization of implant design and fabrication, bringing us closer to achieving the optimal patient-specific implant.
DATA MINING TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
Authors: Patil Mrs. Sonali Shinde , Patil Dr. Smita Pradip
Published: June 2024

This research paper delves into the application of data mining techniques to heighten the effectiveness of Public Health Care (PHC) schemes for civilians. Our study focuses on historical health records, utilizing predictive analytics, clustering, and association rule mining to uncover patterns, anticipate eligibility, and optimize resource distribution. Our main objective is to tackle the issues of inadequate utilization and inefficiencies within the current PHC systems, offering evidence-based suggestions to enhance the reach and impact of PHC schemes. By harnessing data-driven insights, our research strives to contribute to a healthcare system that is more efficient, fair, and accessible, promoting the well-being of all civilians.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Authors: Ali Asad , Ahamad Rizwan , Aqil Mohd. , Mir Mohd Ikhlaq , Biswas Abu Safana
Published: June 2024

Pharmacokinetics relates to the investigation of drug dynamics within the human body, encompassing the intricate processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, commonly referred to as ADME. This chapter presents a brief overview of pharmacokinetics, explaining the way these dynamic processes regulate drug concentration- time patterns and impact therapeutic results. The chapter commences by examining the mechanisms involved in drug absorption, providing a comprehensive understanding of the variables that influence the rate and extent of drug absorption across different routes of administration. The chapter explores the distribution patterns of drugs, emphasizing the impact of blood circulation and protein binding. Subsequently, it also delves into the topic of drug metabolism, elucidating the crucial involvement of enzymes in the process of converting drugs into metabolites. Moreover, this explains the pathways through which drugs are eliminated from the body, with a particular focus on the significance of renal and hepatic clearance in determining the duration of drug activity. The chapter emphasizes the importance of pharmacokinetic parameters, including volume of distribution, and bioavailability, in the prediction of drug behaviour and the optimization of dosing regimens. The insights derived from this chapter will provide valuable assistance to healthcare professionals and researchers in the development of drug regimens that prioritize safety and efficacy. Consequently, this will lead to an improvement in patient care and therapeutic outcomes.
ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUE
Authors: Das Shyamalima
Published: June 2024

Tracing back the beginning of ethical component in Nursing profession can be during the era of Florence Nightingale. The legend was emphasizing the nursing practice to be based on scientfic principle along with art. The International council for Nurses is the pioneer in establishing ethics in nursing. First book in ethics was written by Isabel Robb named Nursing ethics: for hospital and private use. American Nurses association is a professional organization to advance and protect the profession of nursing. In the year 1953, ICN adopted ethical code for the first time but revised and reaffirmed many a times. It consists of four elements that provide a framework for ethical conduct: nurses and patients or other people requiring care or services, nurses and practice, nurses and the profession, and nurses and global health. Ethical principles in nursing provide a framework for assessing the behavior of nurses in practice. Both the ANA and ICN while formulating codes given importance to minimize sufferings of people and provide quality care to the clients. The same unlawful action can be dealt with in different ways by the law. For example, touching a person without permission – that is, without consent – can be both a crime and a tort – a civil wrong. In the future, nursing will continue to evolve with advancements in technology, changing healthcare landscapes, and a greater emphasis on ethical and professional considerations n nursing. These trends reflect the evolving landscape of nursing, driven by ethical principles, technological advancements, and societal changes. By addressing these ethical and professional considerations, nurses can ensure the delivery of compassionate, patient centered care while navigating the challenges and opportunities of the future.
THE ROLE OF EXOSOMES IN TREATING CANCER CELLS AS A FUTURISTIC CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT
Authors: Saini Navjit Kaur , Mankoo Noel , Kumar Devinder , Mehta Dr. Sharuti
Published: June 2024

The need for novel, safe and efficient drug carriers for cancer treatment has increased over time. The current study shows that exosomes are effective drug carriers due to their immunogenicity, stability, and target ability as well as the generation of an anti-cancer immune response. Exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier, allowing for the treatment of brain tumors However, drug delivery systems based on exosomes are still difficult to develop due to their heterogeneous nature, low yield and lack of drug loading efficiency. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine, saliva, and other body fluids can all include extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes perform a wide range of functions, including re-modelling the extracellular matrix (ECM) and serving as a conduit for the exchange of signals and chemicals between cells. The dual properties of exosomes in promoting and inhibiting cancer have been taken into consideration with the research of the many functions exosomes play in the course of cancer. Exosomes are a type of molecule produced by various cells. This article discusses how exosomes can be used as drug carriers for anti-cancer therapy. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of exosome drug delivery systems for cancer treatment.
AUTONOMOUS FINANCE - THE WAY FORWARD
Authors: Bhargava C A Pravesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Autonomous Finance is the way to operate with minimal human intervention. Empowered by AI / ML processes will operate through self-learning software which will not only optimize front-middle and back office but also focus on data accuracy, transparency, and ease of access to make decision-making process effective and efficient. There are certainly some challenges which needs to be addressed to ensure a successful transition from automated to autonomous function.
HEUTAGOGY: SELF-DETERMINED LEARNING PRACTICES
Authors: CMC Ranganath Iyengar , Nair Dr. Sindhu Shantha
Published: June 2024

Adult learning (Andragogy) originally evolved from Pedagogy (the science of teaching). Adult learning concepts initially evolved from theories around Behaviorism, Constructivism, Cognitivism, and Motivation (1880s – 1960s). Later versions formalized Andragogy (Self-Directed Learning) which was learner-centric yet driven by teaching and facilitation added concepts of Social learning, Self-efficacy, Experiential learning, and Cognitive load (1960s-1980s). Heutagogy (Self-Determined Learning) evolved in 2000 as a completely learner-driven adult learning model as an extended version of Andragogy with added emphasis on individual, transformational, and organizational learning with the rapid adoption of technology and tools to offer blended hyperflex learning environments. Adult learning today offers Proctored (formal, certified) and Non-proctored (learner-driven, informal) choices to the learner. This chapter explores various learning scenarios and the benefits and challenges of adopting Heutagogy as a mainstream learning environment and framework.