bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Internet Search Patterns and Scabies Incidence Across the United States
Authors: Sparling Kennedy , Dhupati Pooja
Published: March 2024

Background

Scabies, a contagious skin infestation caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, is a significant public health concern [1]. Traditional surveillance methods for scabies suffer from time lag and incomplete data, hindering early detection and response [5]. The widespread use of the internet and search engines, such as GoogleTM, offer new opportunities for alternative surveillance approaches. 

Objective

This study aimed to explore the association between scabies search volumes on Google TrendsTM (GTs) and scabies incidence at the state level across the United States.

Methods

GTs data for each U.S. state and scabies incidence from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed for summary statistics and association.

Results

The mean Spearman correlation coefficient for the period of 2011-2019 indicated a strong positive correlation between GTs RSVs for “scabies” and the incidence of scabies in the United States. Using an unpaired t-test, this correlation was found to be statistically significant. 

Conclusions

In resource-scarce environments where access to care is a common barrier, healthcare providers and departments can leverage this information to effectively target populations and employ resources for scabies prevention and treatment. Analyzing search engine term patterns can enhance our understanding of people's behavior when they suspect a scabies infestation.
Pitfalls in Laser-Based Device Tattoo Removal: A Literature Review
Authors: Chaisrimaneepan Nattanicha
Published: March 2024

Laser therapy has been popular and widely used for tattoo removal. Basic principles for utilizing lasers in tattoo removal for different types and colors of tattoos are required to minimize and avoid unwanted side effects. Appropriate parameters of lasers are not the only keys to successful laser removal treatment. In this review, common pitfalls in removing tattoos with lasers are discussed. Several factors should be taken into consideration and realistic goals should be discussed at the first encounter with patients. Non-ablative lasers may apply to a simple tattoo without any cutaneous reaction while ablative lasers are better for traumatic tattoos. Laser is not always the best option for tattoo removal in some circumstances and other measures can be considered for the best interest of patients and outcome.
Measuring GPPGA, Pain, Symptom, and Quality of Life Index Scores in Untreated Generalized Pustular Psoriasis: Results from the Placebo Group of the Effisayil-2 Trial
Authors: Strober Bruce , Mostaghimi Arash , Anadkat Milan , Thoma Christian , Tang Ming , Guercio Jason , Lebwohl Mark
Published: March 2024

Introduction & Objectives: Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a chronic inflammatory, and potentially life-threatening skin disease, characterized by flares of sterile pustules. Spesolimab is approved to treat GPP flares in adults. Effisayil 2 (NCT04399837) evaluated the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous spesolimab in preventing GPP flares. Here, we report on the underlying disease burden of untreated GPP by longitudinally analyzing patients in the placebo group who did not experience a GPP flare.

Materials & Methods: Eligible patients with a history of GPP were randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive one of three subcutaneous spesolimab regimens or placebo for 48 weeks. Patients were assessed for measures of chronic disease burden through the use of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Physician Global Assessment (GPPPGA) Total Score, Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Psoriasis Symptom Scale (PSS) at baseline and at 4-week intervals during the trial, and Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48.

Results: 16/31 placebo-treated patients experienced a GPP flare over the 48-week observational period of the trial, defined as an increase in GPPPGA score by ≥2 from baseline and the pustular component of GPPPGA ≥2. Of the remaining (“non-flaring”) 15 patients, 40% (6/15) had at least one GPPPGA Total Score value of 2 (skin not clear or almost clear); 4/6 reported such score at ≥4 visits. Pain scores ranged from 0 to 92.47, with 47% (7/15) and 20% (3/15) of patients having at least one “moderate” and “severe” VAS score over 48 weeks, respectively. Most of the 7 patients’ pain scores fluctuated with episodic peaks and valleys. 47% (7/15) and 13% (2/15) of patients had at least one “moderate” and “severe” PSS score, respectively. “Moderate” and “very large” effect on quality of life was reported, at least once, in 67% (10/15) and 40% (6/15) of patients, respectively.

Conclusion: Acute flare was reported in more than 50% (16/31) of patients in the placebo group over 48 weeks. Despite not meeting the trial’s definition of GPP flare, most of the 15 “non-flaring” placebo-treated patients showed clear evidence of underlying GPP disease activity – nearly half did not have “clear” or “almost clear” skin and had moderate pain and symptoms; a small subset reported severe pain and symptoms. Majority of patients experienced a moderate to very large impact on quality of life over the 48 weeks. These findings suggest that untreated GPP negatively affects patients even in the absence of acute flare events.
Clinical Characteristics of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis Flares in the Real-World Setting
Authors: Lavasani Layla , Rasouliyan Lawrence , Noe Megan , Rhoads Jamie
Published: March 2024

No Abstract Available
A Checklist to Aid in Identifying Patients with Atopic Dermatitis Who are Candidates for Systemic Therapy
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan , Augustin Matthias , Eichenfield Lawrence , Lio Peter , Guttman-Yassky Emma , Reck Atwater Amber , Pierce Evangeline , Jose Rueda Maria , Li Alvin , Munoz Maldonado Yolanda , Simpson Eric
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The decision to initiate systemic therapy (ST) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex, with no criteria that are globally agreed upon. To aid dermatology providers in this decision-making, the “When to Start Systemic Therapy Checklist” was developed. The checklist comprises three components: (A) clinical severity, (B) subjective burden, and (C) lack of treatment response, each with several criteria. Systemic therapy is indicated when at least one criterion in each component is fulfilled. To corroborate the validity of this checklist, we evaluated the agreement between the decision to initiate ST using the checklist, against the reference, CorEvitas AD Registry patients prescribed a ST.
Methods: Adults with moderate-to-severe AD from the prospective, longitudinal CorEvitas AD registry were included in this descriptive analysis (July 2020 – August 2023). Patients were included if they were initiating ST at enrollment (ST group) or not initiating ST at enrollment (non-ST group) but had vIGA-AD® ≥3 and Eczema Area Severity Index ≥12. The checklist criteria were compared against registry outcome measures; when a criterion did not match a measure, either a proxy measure was selected or that part of the questionnaire was excluded. Overall percentage agreement (accord between checklist criteria and ST initiation status [reference standard]) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated.
Results: In the ST group (n=1488), 97.0% of patients met at least one criterion from section A, 94.1% from section B, and 92.1% for either section A or B. In the non-ST group (n=208), 100% of patients met at least one criterion from section A, 92.3% from section B, and 92.3% from either section A or B. Among patients in the ST group who met at least one criterion each from section A and B, overall percentage agreement was 81.7% (95% CI: 79.8%, 83.5%). Section C, which addresses “lack of treatment response” could not be evaluated due to the absence of relevant data in the registry.
Discussion: Nearly all patients initiating ST met at least one criterion from both section A and B of the “When to Start Systemic Therapy Checklist”, demonstrating a strong alignment between the checklist sections A and B and disease burden of AD patients in the registry. Subsequent research is needed to assess section C due to registry limitations. Future analyses should examine why some patients with high disease burden and severity remain untreated with systemics.
Safety of Tralokinumab for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Patients with Up to 4.5 Years of Treatment: An Updated Integrated Analysis of Eight Clinical Trials
Authors: Reich Kristian , Langley Richard G. , Silvestre Juan Francisco , Staumont-Salle Delphine , Costanzo Antonio , Pink Andrew , Paller Amy , Katoh Norito , Wollenberg Andreas , Warren Richard B. , Øland Christian Bjerregård , Tindberg Ann-Marie , Gjerum Le , Simpson Eric
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Clinical trials of up to 52 weeks showed that tralokinumab, a monoclonal antibody that specifically neutralizes interleukin-13, was efficacious and well-tolerated as monotherapy and combination with TCS. Here, we evaluate the long-term safety of tralokinumab in an integrated analysis of seven phase 3 parent trials (PTs) (NCT03131648, NCT03160885, NCT03363854, NCT03562377, NCT03526861, NCT03761537, NCT04587453), and the ongoing, up to 5-year extension study (ECZTEND; NCT03587805).

Methods: Two datasets were analyzed: placebo-controlled (initial 16-week period of the PTs), and all-tralokinumab combining PTs with ECZTEND including patients from first dose until end of tralokinumab exposure or data cut-off (April 30th, 2022). In the all-tralokinumab dataset, periods on placebo were disregarded. Treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were recorded. AEs of special interest (AESIs) were predefined. Proportions of patients with events and incidence rates (IR) per 100 patient-years of exposure (PYE) were calculated. PYE was defined as time until first event or exposure end, whichever came first, and incidence was defined as first event.

Results: 2693 patients (≥12 years) received tralokinumab for up to 238.5 weeks (≈4.5 years) with a median exposure time of 76.5 weeks in the all-tralokinumab dataset. Median age at baseline was 33.0 years (min-max; 12-92). 10.4% of patients were 12-17 years. 2307 patients experienced an AE (IR=202.0), most (97.3%) of which were mild-to-moderate. Serious AEs (SAEs) were reported in 226 patients (IR=4.5); SAEs were considered possibly or probably related by the investigator in 50 patients (IR=0.9). No preferred term level SAEs were reported with an IR≥0.1. Discontinuation of treatment due to AEs was low (IR=2.8). AEs leading to drug withdrawal with an IR>0.1 were dermatitis atopic (IR=0.5) and injection site reaction (ISR) (IR=0.2). Frequently reported AEs in the all-tralokinumab dataset were consistent with the placebo-controlled dataset, including nasopharyngitis (IR=18.4), upper respiratory tract infection (IR=6.9), conjunctivitis (IR=5.0), ISR (IR=3.6), conjunctivitis allergic (IR=2.7), and injection site pain (IR=1.5). AESIs, including eye disorders, skin infections requiring systemic treatment, eczema herpeticum, and malignancies, were observed in the all-tralokinumab dataset at rates similar to or lower than the placebo-controlled dataset.

Conclusion: Long-term use of tralokinumab, for up to 4.5 years, was well-tolerated, and the pattern of AEs was consistent with the initial placebo-controlled treatment period with no new safety signals identified.
Integrated Safety Analysis of Abrocitinib in 635 Adolescent Patients With Moderate-To-Severe Atopic Dermatitis With Over 1000 Patient-Years of Exposure
Authors: Paller Amy , Eichenfield Lawrence , Silverberg Jonathan , Cork Michael , Bangert Christine , Irvine Alan , Weidinger Stephan , Barbarot Sebastien , Fan Haiyun , Alderfer Justine , Koppensteiner Herwig , Chittuluru Kanti
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Abrocitinib, an oral, once-daily, Janus kinase 1–selective inhibitor, was efficacious and well tolerated in adolescent patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) exposed for approximately 1 year of treatment. Here, we describe the updated long-term integrated safety profile of abrocitinib in adolescent patients in the JADE clinical program.Methods: A total of 635 adolescent patients (12 to <18 years; exposure: 1011.4 patient-years [PY]) were pooled for safety analysis from the phase 3 JADE clinical trials MONO-1 (NCT03349060), MONO-2 (NCT03575871), TEEN (NCT03796676), and REGIMEN (NCT03627767) and subsequently enrolled in the ongoing phase 3 extension trial JADE EXTEND (NCT03422822; data cutoff: September 25, 2021). Incidence rates (IRs; number of unique patients with events/100 PY) of severe adverse events (SAEs) and AEs of special interest were assessed.Results: Of the total 635 adolescents, 490 received the same abrocitinib dose throughout exposure (730.6 PY); 289 received abrocitinib 200 mg (424.5 PY) and 201 received abrocitinib 100 mg (306.1 PY). Duration of exposure was ≥96 weeks in 38% and 37%, and ≥144 weeks in 8% and 4% of patients who received abrocitinib 200 mg or 100 mg, respectively. In the 200-mg and 100-mg arms, AEs occurred in 243 (84%) and 153 (76%) patients; 8% (IR [95% CI], 5.87 [3.76-8.74]) and 9% (5.87 [3.48-9.27]) experienced SAEs, and 10% (6.96 [4.69-9.93]) and 8% (5.13 [2.93-8.33]) discontinued the study due to AEs, respectively. IRs of AEs of special interest were 1.84 (95% CI, 0.79-3.62) and 1.28 (0.35-3.27) for serious infection, 2.11 (0.97-4.01) and 1.62 (0.53-3.77) for all herpes zoster (HZ) infections, and 0.69 (0.14-2.03) and 0.32 (0.01-1.77) for opportunistic HZ infections in the 200-mg and 100-mg arms, respectively. One patient (aged 16 years) in the 200-mg arm had a nonfatal venous thromboembolism event (pulmonary embolism; IR, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.01-1.28]); patient had a family history of pulmonary embolism. There were no events of nonmelanoma skin cancer or other malignancies, tuberculosis, or other opportunistic infections (excluding HZ), major adverse cardiovascular events, or deaths.Conclusions: In this integrated safety analysis using the September 2021 data cut from the ongoing JADE EXTEND trial, abrocitinib had an acceptable long-term safety profile in adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD.
Triple-Combination Clindamycin Phosphate 1.2%/Adapalene 0.15%/Benzoyl Peroxide 3.1% Gel for Acne: Clinical Efficacy and Application Characteristics
Authors: Draelos Zoe , Stein Gold Linda , Kircik Leon , Tanghetti Emil
Published: March 2024

Background: Triple-combination therapies for acne including an antibiotic, topical retinoid, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) are among the most effective, with meta-analyses demonstrating greater efficacy with triple-combinations than dual-combinations or topical monotherapy. However, this benefit may be offset by reduced adherence to a complicated treatment regimen. Here, the clinical efficacy of fixed-dose clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/BPO 3.1% (CAB) gel is reviewed, and the ease of CAB application is compared with the layered application of its individual active ingredients.

Methods: In a phase 2 (N=741) and two phase 3 (N=183; N=180), double-blind, randomized, 12-week studies, participants aged ≥9 years with moderate-to-severe acne were randomized to receive once-daily CAB or vehicle; the phase 2 study also included treatment arms containing dyad gels (BPO/adapalene; clindamycin phosphate/BPO; clindamycin phosphate/adapalene). Efficacy endpoints included treatment success (percentage of participants achieving ≥2-grade reduction from baseline in Evaluator’s Global Severity Score and clear/almost clear skin) and reductions from baseline in inflammatory (IL) and noninflammatory lesions (NIL). In a split-face study of adults with acne-prone skin (N=25), participant-application of CAB (0.3 cc) was compared to sequential, layered application of benzoyl peroxide cream, adapalene gel, and clindamycin gel (0.1 cc each). IDP-126 and clindamycin gels were compounded with pyranine, which fluoresces under blue light; photos were taken under blue light to assess evenness of product application.

Results: In all three clinical studies at week 12, half of CAB-treated participants achieved treatment success (range: 49.6%-52.5%), significantly greater than with vehicle (8.1%-24.9%; P<0.01, all) or dyads (phase 2 study only; 27.8%-30.5%; P≤0.001, all). Reductions from baseline in both IL and NIL were also significantly greater for CAB vs vehicle (range, IL: 75.7%-80.1% vs 50.4%-59.6%; NIL: 71.0%-73.3% vs 45.8%-49.0%; P<0.001, all) and dyads (IL: 64.0%-69.2%; NIL: 58.7%-61.1%; P<0.01, all vs IDP-126). In the split-face study, 100% of Investigator and participant assessments of evenness of application favored CAB over the three layered products. In addition, all participants rated CAB as both easier and faster to apply, and most (96%) preferred CAB for use at home.

Conclusions: Fixed-dose CAB gel applied more evenly than separate application of its three active ingredients, and demonstrated significantly greater efficacy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne than dyad gels or vehicle. By addressing three of the main acne pathogenic pathways in a single, easy-to-apply formulation, CAB may improve efficacy of and adherence to acne treatment.

Funding: Ortho Dermatologics
Efficacy and Safety of Clindamycin Phosphate 1.2%/Adapalene 0.15%/Benzoyl Peroxide 3.1% Gel in Females with Moderate to Severe Acne: Post Hoc Analysis by Age
Authors: Harper Julie , Stein Gold Linda , Baldwin Hilary , Callender Valerie , Gold Michael , Woolery-Lloyd Heather , Kircik Leon
Published: March 2024

Introduction: While acne is common in adolescents, the overall prevalence in adults is increasing, especially among females. In addition, acne in older females is associated with greater negative impacts on quality of life. Clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 3.1% (CAB) gel—the first fixed-dose, triple-combination topical product approved for acne—has demonstrated good efficacy, safety, and tolerability in participants with moderate-to-severe acne. The objective of this analysis is to assess the impact of age on efficacy, safety, and tolerability in females with moderate-to-severe acne.

Methods: In one phase 2 (N=741; NCT03170388) and two identically designed phase 3 (N=183; N=180; NCT04214639; NCT04214652), double-blind, randomized, 12-week studies, participants aged ≥9 years with moderate-to-severe acne were randomized to receive once-daily CAB or vehicle gel; the phase 2 study included three additional dyad randomization arms (data not shown). Coprimary endpoints comprised inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts and treatment success (≥2-grade reduction from baseline in Evaluator’s Global Severity Score and score of ‘clear’ or ‘almost clear’). Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and cutaneous safety and tolerability were also assessed. Pooled data from these studies were analyzed post hoc from female participants categorized by age: 9-24 years (n=274) and ≥25 years (n=121).

Results: At week 12 in both age groups, least-squares mean percent reductions from baseline were >70% in CAB-treated females versus vehicle gel for inflammatory (9-24 y: 77.8% vs 53.8%; ≥25 y: 77.8% vs 60.5%; P<0.01, both) and noninflammatory lesions (9-24 y: 72.8% vs 44.5%; ≥25 y: 73.7% vs 55.2%; P<0.001, both). Half of CAB-treated females in both age groups achieved treatment success at week 12 versus less than one-quarter with vehicle (9-24 y: 54.1% vs 15.6%; ≥25 y: 50.1% vs 22.5%; P<0.01, both). Most TEAEs were mild-to-moderate in severity, with rates similar to the overall pooled phase 2 and 3 populations. Although there were transient increases in the severity of cutaneous safety/tolerability assessments with CAB, scores generally returned to or near baseline levels for most assessments by week 12 in younger and older females. No notable age-related trends in safety were observed.

Conclusions: With greater than 70% lesion reductions and half of participants achieving treatment success by week 12, the innovative, fixed-dose triple combination clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/BPO 3.1% gel demonstrated good efficacy, safety, and tolerability in both younger and older females with moderate-to-severe acne.

Funding: Ortho Dermatologics
Real-World Assessment of Disease Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in Alopecia Areata in a Global Noninterventional Observational Cohort (ADAAGIO)
Authors: Davis Keith , Messenger Andrew , Vañó Galván Sergio , Tran Helen , Napatalung Lynne , Hanson Kent , Law Ernest
Published: March 2024

Background: A range of medications with varying efficacy are used to treat alopecia areata (AA). There remains limited evidence on prevailing treatments, disease characteristics, and clinical outcomes of patients with AA in routine practice, particularly for those with extensive hair loss. This study sought to address this evidence gap.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review study spanning the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and Germany. Adult and adolescent patients with ≥50% scalp hair loss were included. The study index date was defined as date of de novo or progression to ≥50% scalp hair loss and patients were required to have ≥6 months of postindex follow-up (i.e., index date to last clinic visit); index dates ranged 2015-2019. Analyses were descriptive and reported patient demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, and Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI) score. The primary clinical endpoint was absolute Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score and was assessed longitudinally based on post-index visits in which SALT was recorded. Sustained SALT ≤20 was also assessed via Kaplan-Meier methods to evaluate time to achieving SALT ≤20 without subsequent regression within 6 months to SALT >30.

Results: A total of 741 patients were included. Median age at AA diagnosis was 27 years and 52.6% were female. Mean (SD) baseline SALT score at index was 63.5 (15.6), with 80.2% having patchy AA and 19.8% having alopecia totalis or universalis. Among patients with DLQI measured at index, mean (SD) DLQI score was 19.2 (7.2) with 84.5% reporting either a large (DLQI 11-20) or extremely large (DLQI 21-30) impact of AA. Topical corticosteroids were the most common treatment observed post-index, with 55.6% receiving ≥1 course with a median cumulative exposure of 4 months. Intralesional corticosteroids (22.5%), systemic immunosuppressants (22.0%), and oral (17.3%) or topical (19.4%) minoxidil were also common. Among patients with SALT measured at 12 months post-index, there was a mean (SD) absolute SALT reduction of -44.6% (37.3%) from baseline. However, at 12 months post-index, most patients (90.1%) failed to achieve SALT ≤20 that was sustained for ≥6 months.

Conclusions: Although patients in this study experienced a substantial absolute SALT score reduction, few patients achieved and subsequentially sustained the more clinically meaningful SALT threshold of ≤20. These findings highlight the potential suboptimal effectiveness of the varied treatments applied in this population.
Bimekizumab Response Maintenance to 48 Weeks in Patients with Moderate to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Pooled Responder Analysis from the Phase 3, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trials BE HEARD I and II
Authors: Ingram John R. , Porter Martina , Chovatiya Raj , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. , Bechara Falk G. , Fujita Hideki , Gulliver Wayne , Muller Edward , Bari Muhammad , Rolleri Robert , Byerly Rob , Kirby Joslyn S
Published: March 2024

N/A
Transungual Penetration and Antifungal Activity of Seven Prescription and Over-the-Counter Topical Antifungals: In Vitro Comparison
Authors: Elabbasi Ali , Eltokhy Ahmed , Joseph Warren , Elewski Boni , Ghannoum Mahmoud
Published: March 2024

Background: Onychomycosis is typically caused by dermatophytes of the species Trichophyton. Topical antifungals must penetrate the nail to reach the infection, though this can be inhibited by keratin binding within the nail. These in vitro experiments compared penetration of commercially available topical antifungals through keratin-free cellulose disks versus human nails to inhibit Trichophyton growth.

Methods: Seven topical antifungals were tested: 3 FDA-approved products indicated for the treatment of onychomycosis (ciclopirox 8% lacquer; efinaconazole 10% solution; tavaborole 5% solution) and 4 over-the-counter (OTC) products for fungal infections (tolnaftate 1% solutions [Formula 3, Formula 7, Tolcylen] and undecylenic acid 25% solution [Terpenicol]). Antifungal efficacy was assessed via cellulose disk diffusion assay. Each product was applied to a 6-mm cellulose disk and placed in the center of an agar plate (85 mm radius) seeded with a clinical isolate of T. rubrum or T. mentagrophytes (2 strains each; 3 replicates/strain for each product). After 4-7 days incubation, the zone of inhibition (ZI)—defined as the radius of the area of no fungal growth—was recorded. To assess the impact of nail penetration on antifungal efficacy, products were applied to the tops of human cadaverous great toenails and allowed to dry. Five 4-mm disks were punched from the middle of each nail and placed treated side up on seeded plates prior to measurement of ZI (5 replicates/strain for each product). In both experiments, results were averaged across the 2 strains of each fungal species and untreated nails served as negative controls.

Results: Among FDA-approved topicals in the cellulose disk diffusion assay, efinaconazole and tavaborole demonstrated maximal inhibition (ZI=85 mm) against both T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes; for ciclopirox, average ZIs were lower (59.0 mm; 55.7 mm, respectively). For OTC products, ZIs were 31.2-57.8 mm against T. rubrum and 25.7-47.7 mm against T. mentagrophytes. In the nail penetration assay, average ZI for FDA-approved topicals against both species was greatest for efinaconazole (T. rubrum: 82.1 mm; T. mentagrophytes: 63.8 mm), followed by tavaborole (63.5 mm; 39.1 mm) and ciclopirox (7.4 mm; 3.6 mm). Average ZI of OTC products ranged from 10.5-34.2 mm against both species. ZIs were generally not affected by nail thickness.

Conclusions: Our data show that FDA-approved and OTC topical antifungals penetrate cellulose disks more efficiently than cadaver nails, suggesting that keratin in the nails hampers nail penetration. Among all antifungals tested, ability to penetrate human toenails and inhibit growth of both T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes was greatest for efinaconazole, followed by tavaborole. These results indicate superior transungual penetration of efinaconazole compared to the other antifungals, perhaps due to lower keratin binding in the nail.

Funding: Ortho Dermatologics
Concealing Meets Healing in the Treatment of Toenail Onychomycosis: A Review of Concurrent Nail Polish Use With Topical Efinaconazole 10% Solution
Authors: Pandit Bela , Elewski Boni , Vlahovic Tracey
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Females are more likely than males to seek help or treatment for onychomycosis and are more likely to camouflage affected nails with nail polish. Between 2016 and 2022, over half of prescriptions for topical efinaconazole 10% solution were written for females, suggesting that there may be particular interest in the interaction between nail polish use concurrent with efinaconazole treatment for onychomycosis.

Methods: Review in vitro data on effects of nail polish on nail penetration of efinaconazole 10% solution and clinical studies on the impact of nail polish use on efficacy of topical efinaconazole in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis.

Results: Only 4 small studies have assessed interactions between efinaconazole 10% solution and concurrent nail polish use. In vitro, penetration of efinaconazole 10% solution through cadaverous human nails coated with traditional nail polish was similar to penetration through uncoated nails. In a 1-year clinical study, once-daily efinaconazole treatment for 48 weeks was associated with improvements in onychomycosis severity and clear toenail growth that were similar for participants who used traditional nail polish and those who did not use nail polish. In a second, 6-month clinical study, participants received once-daily efinaconazole treatment concurrent with monthly gel nail polish pedicures. After 6 months, 100% of participants tested negative for fungal infection (mycological cure) and all participants experienced visible improvements in their treated toenails. In clinical and in vitro studies, efinaconazole application was associated with degradation of traditional nail polish texture and appearance as well as color transfer to the applicator and unused medication. In contrast, efinaconazole did not affect the duration, quality, or texture of gel nail polish.

Conclusions: Application of nail polish did not prevent penetration of efinaconazole 10% solution through human nails or its successful use in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis. Further, efinaconazole did not impact the texture or appearance of gel-polished nails. To our knowledge, these findings represent the only available data on topical treatment of toenail onychomycosis with concurrent nail polish use, and may be of particular importance when selecting treatment options for female patients with onychomycosis.

Funding: Ortho Dermatologics
Bimekizumab Versus Secukinumab Continuous Maintenance of PASI 90 and PASI 100 Responses through One Year in Patients with Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis: Post-HOC Results from the BE RADIANT Phase 3b Trial
Authors: Merola Joseph , Conrad Curdin , Foley Peter , Iversen Lars , Langley Richard , Kokolakis Georgios , Davis Leah , Hoepken Bengt , Dixon Joe , Warren Richard
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Bimekizumab (BKZ) is a monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively inhibits interleukin (IL)-17F in addition to IL‑17A.[1] Secukinumab (SEC) is a widely used monoclonal IgG1 antibody that targets IL-17A. BE RADIANT was the first phase 3 study to compare inhibition of IL-17A and IL-17F with inhibition of IL-17A alone. Patient (pt) surveys have confirmed that maintaining a long-lasting response is a key treatment goal for patients who have already achieved skin clearance.[2,3]
Here, we assess the efficacy of BKZ vs SEC in continuously maintaining an improvement of ≥90% in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90), and PASI 100 responses, at every visit from Week (Wk)16 to Wk48 of treatment in pts with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Procedure/study: BE RADIANT was a phase 3b, randomized trial, consisting of a 48-week double-blinded, active comparator-controlled period followed by an open-label extension.[4] Pts were randomized 1:1 to BKZ 320 mg every 4 wks (Q4W) or SEC (weekly to Wk4 then Q4W). At Wk16, BKZ-randomized pts either continued to receive BKZ 320 mg Q4W or switched to BKZ 320 mg every 8 wks (Q8W). This analysis includes pts who achieved PASI 90 or 100 at Wk16 and continued to receive study medication at Wk16 or later, reported with BKZ dose groups pooled. We report the proportion of responders who continued to achieve their response at every study visit up to and including Wk48. Missing data were imputed as non-response.
Results: At baseline, 373 pts were randomized to BKZ, and 370 were randomized to SEC. At Wk16, 319/373 (85.5%) BKZ-randomized and 273/370 (73.8%) SEC-randomized pts achieved PASI 90; 230/373 (61.7%) and 180/370 (48.6%) achieved PASI 100. PASI 90 was continuously maintained at each study visit from Wk16–Wk48 by 242/319 (75.9%) BKZ-treated and 177/273 (64.8%) SEC-treated Wk16 responders. PASI 100 was continuously maintained through Wk48 by 139/230 (60.4%) BKZ-treated and 93/180 (51.7%) SEC-treated Wk16 responders.
Conclusion: A higher proportion of pts treated with BKZ continuously maintained their Wk16 PASI 90 and PASI 100 responses at every visit during the first treatment year compared to SEC.
Funding: UCB Pharma. Medical writing support: Costello Medical.
High-grade transformation in adenoid cystic carcinoma: Can it be diagnosed on cytology? A cytohistological correlation
Authors: Maurya Shailja , Gupta Shruti , Soni Annanya , Kumari Niraj , Rajwanshi Arvind
Published: March 2024

Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ADCC) are distinctive salivary gland neoplasms with characteristic histomorphology. The diagnosis of dedifferentiation/high-grade transformation (HGT) indicates poor prognosis and is most often made on histopathology. We present a case of ADCC arising from a minor salivary gland tumor exhibiting HGT, reaching up to the submandibular gland and having lymph node metastases, suspected on fine-needle aspiration cytology. The index case highlights the awareness of the entity of the HGT of salivary gland tumors and raises suspicion for cytological diagnosis.
Factors Associated with Utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services among Married Adolescent Girls in Kano, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ismail Hasiya T. , Amole Taiwo G. , Tsiga-Ahmed Fatima I. , Jalo Rabiu I. , Adamu Aishatu L. , Sani Mahmoud U. , Salihu Hamisu M. , Wester C. William , Aliyu Muktar H.
Published: March 2024

Background and Objective

Married adolescents face significant obstacles in making informed reproductive health decisions and accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services. It is important to identify barriers hindering these adolescents from accessing SRH services. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the utilization of SRH services among married adolescent girls in northern Nigeria.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional study design. The study population comprised of married female adolescents aged 14–19 years who were residents in the study areas for at least six months. The outcome measure was SRH service utilization, defined as the use of any of the conventional SRH services (ante/postnatal care, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and counseling, sexually transmitted infections (STI) treatment, family planning, and post-abortion care). Predictor variables included the sociodemographic, obstetric, and gynecological characteristics of the respondents. An adapted, pretested, interviewer-administered, and semi-structured questionnaire was employed for data collection. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the independent association between selected variables and utilization of SRH services.

Results

A total of 200 respondents were surveyed (100 each from an urban and a rural community in Kano, Nigeria), survey response rate: 94.5%. The age of respondents ranged from 14 to 19 years, with mean age (± standard deviation) of 18.5 (±1.1) years and 17.5 (±1.3) years for urban and rural respondents, respectively. All respondents were aware of the available SRH facilities and preferred public facilities (92.6% urban respondents and 67.0% rural respondents). Ever-use of SRH services was higher among urban than rural respondents (86% vs. 56%, respectively). Geographic proximity was a key factor for urban respondents (64.2%), while affordability was considered important by rural respondents (47.9%). Respondent’s age and partner’s occupation were independently associated with utilization of SRH services. Urban respondents whose husbands were businessmen were seven times more likely to use SRH services than those whose partners were civil servants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–35.84, P = 0.02). Rural respondents 18 years of age and older were approximately six times more likely to utilize SRH services than those <18 years (aOR = 5.71, 95% CI: 1.56–12.78, P = 0.01).

Conclusion and Global Health Implications

Awareness of available SRH services was high in the study population, and service utilization was influenced by the respondent’s age and partner’s occupation. Findings from this study can help inform the development of age-appropriate and accessible SRH services tailored to married adolescents in similar settings.
Efficacy of the Ponseti method in the treatment of neglected idiopathic talipes equinovarus at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Anetekhai Wilson Ikpemhi , Lasebikan Omolade Ayoola , Asuquo Joseph , Anetekhai Chinenye Juliet , Asuquo Best J
Published: March 2024

Objectives:

Neglected clubfoot is common in our environment, for multifactorial reasons. It could cause pain and psychological distress to the patient and parents. We assessed the efficacy of the Ponseti method in the treatment of neglected clubfoot in a Nigerian Hospital.

Material and Methods:

This was a 15-month prospective and interventional study. Patients at least one-year-old with untreated idiopathic talipes equino varus (ITEV) or inadequately nonoperatively treated ITEV were the study population. The number of castings required for correction, tenotomy rate, dorsiflexion angle before and after tenotomy, and abduction angle after treatment were obtained. The chi-square test of independence was used to test the relationship between categorical variables. Logistic regression was used to assess if the Pirani score at the presentation predicted a successful correction at the end of the study. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:

Forty-two children with 69 club feet were treated in this study. The mean age of presentation was 27.45 months (standard deviation [SD] = 19.22). The mean number of casting sessions required to achieve correction was 6.35 (SD = 1.95). The mean Pirani score at presentation was 4.27 (SD = 1.33) which reduced to 0.30 (SD = 0.35) after correction. The Pirani score at presentation had a positive correlation with the number of casts required for correction (r = 0.505, P < 0.001) but did not predict a successful correction after treatment. The success rate was 85.5%.

Conclusion:

The Ponseti method of treatment showed a high success rate in the treatment of neglected ITEV.
The mandibular distraction osteogenesis; the key dental technique to success in a neonate with Pierre Robin’s sequence – A case report
Authors: Venkatesh H. A. , Shubha H. V. , Rao Krishna Shama , Venkatesh Swathi
Published: March 2024

A 15-day female neonate term small for gestational age with Pierre Robin Sequence was presented with respiratory distress, requiring respiratory care. The mandibular distraction surgery was performed for micrognathia and progressive respiratory distress. Gradually, she improved and was discharged home on gastrostomy tube feeding. This case underscores the importance of dentistry in the neonatal management of complicated Pierre Robin Sequence successfully.
Language Style Used in Advertisements for Harper’s Bazaar Magazine: A Literary Study
Authors: Rugaiyah Rugaiyah , Ismail Syofianis
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the language styles used in advertisements for Harper’s Bazaar magazine advertisements. The objective of the current study is to identify the stylistic features of magazine advertisements, particularly the stylistics features to provide valuable insights into how advertisers leverage linguistic and visual techniques to connect with their target audience and convey the essence of their brands. Understanding these stylistic strategies is not only valuable for advertisers and marketers but also for readers and consumers who engage with the content, making it an enriching exploration of the synergy between language, style, and fashion in the context of a prestigious British fashion magazine. The study was descriptive-qualitative and used documentation as the instrument. The data was taken from the September 2019 and April 2020 issues of "Harper's Bazaar Magazine which consisted of 28 advertisements. Content analysis was employed to analyze the language styles of advertisements. The results reveal that noun and noun phrases are the most frequently used in Harper’s Bazaar magazine. It also found  figurative language, straightforward language, and emotive terms to accomplish their goals. This study contributes to the understanding of language styles in advertising and provides insights into the role of language in promoting products and shaping consumer behavior.
Theoretical foundations for studying Russian punctuation
Authors: Магомадова Т.Д. , Бахаева Л.М. , Джанаралиева З.К.
Published: March 2024

В данной статье представлены теоретические сведения по изучению пунктуационных норм. Как известно, грамотным можно назвать того человека, который имеет высокий уровень развития устной и письменной речи. Одной из составляющих общей культуры человека является его пунктуационная сноровка. Правильное структурирование курса русского языка направлено не только на повышение уровня теоретических и практических умений и навыков в усвоении системы языка, но и на формирование языковой личности, культуры общения и целостного мировоззрения. Эти задачи в некоторой степени обеспечиваются изучением синтаксиса и пунктуации. Реализация принципов в системе усвоения пунктуации учащимися определяется методами обучения, классификация которых основывается на известных исследованиях русской методической науки, способствующей осознанию пунктуационных знаний и формированию соответствующих умений и навыков: традиционных (словесные (рассказ, беседа), работа с учебником, наглядностью, наблюдение за речью, практические методы (упражнения), репродуктивные, эвристические, объяснительно-иллюстративные, проблемные, игровые и т. п) и инновационные (метод презентации, ассоциативного объяснения, цветовых эффектов, метод проектов и т. д.), которые направлены на поиск новых способов учебной деятельности.

This article presents theoretical information on the study of punctuation norms. As you know, a person who has a high level of development of oral and written speech can be called literate. One of the components of a person’s general culture is his punctuation skill. The correct structuring of the Russian language course is aimed not only at increasing the level of theoretical and practical skills in mastering the language system, but also at the formation of a linguistic personality, a culture of communication and a holistic worldview. These tasks are supported to some extent by learning syntax and punctuation. The implementation of the principles in the system of mastering punctuation by students is determined by teaching methods, the classification of which is based on well-known studies of Russian methodological science, promoting the awareness of punctuation knowledge and the formation of relevant skills and abilities: traditional (verbal (story, conversation), work with a textbook, visualization, observation of speech , practical methods (exercises), reproductive, heuristic, explanatory-illustrative, problem-based, gaming, etc.) and innovative (method of presentation, associative explanation, color effects, project method, etc.), which are aimed at finding new ways educational activities.
Features of adaptation of first-graders to school
Authors: Фатерина О.А. , Мамедова Л.В.
Published: March 2024

Актуальность данной темы обусловлена важным значением для образовательной и психологической практики, успешная адаптация детей влияет на их достижения не только в процессе обучения, но и вне его. Формируются предпосылки для успешного прохождения обучения в будущем, таким образом, научно обоснованные рекомендации в школе помогут как родителям, так и педагогам в адаптации первоклассников к обучению в школе. В статье рассмотрены факторы, влияющие на адаптацию первоклассников в школе, в том числе обусловленные сложностями перехода детей из дошкольного образования в начальное школьное. В результате анализа факторов предложены рекомендации, которые помогут родителям и педагогам ускорить процесс адаптации первоклассников в школе за счет создания необходимых условий, ускоряющих данный процесс. А также в статье приведен механизм, разработанный с целью усиления адаптации первоклассников к новой образовательной среде и поддержке их эмоционального равновесия. В результате данного механизма формируются оптимальные условия для повышения эффективности адаптации первоклассника в школе. Этот комплексный подход направлен на создание оптимальных условий для обучения и развития детей в начальной школе.

The relevance of this topic is due to its importance for educational and psychological practice; the successful adaptation of children affects their achievements not only in the learning process, but also outside it. The prerequisites for successful completion of education in the future are being formed, thus, scientifically based recommendations at school will help both parents and teachers in adapting first-graders to school. The article examines the factors influencing the adaptation of first-graders at school, including those caused by the difficulties of children's transition from preschool to primary school. As a result of the analysis of factors, recommendations were proposed that will help parents and teachers speed up the process of adaptation of first-graders at school by creating the necessary conditions that accelerate this process. The article also presents a mechanism developed to enhance the adaptation of first-graders to the new educational environment and support their emotional balance. As a result of this mechanism, optimal conditions are formed to increase the effectiveness of first-grader adaptation at school. This comprehensive approach is aimed at creating optimal conditions for the learning and development of children in primary school.
Interactive teaching methods in the context of intercultural communication in foreign language lessons in universities
Authors: Давлетукаева А.Ш. , Газимаева Х.А.
Published: March 2024

На современном этапе развития высшего образования актуальным является рассмотрение особенностей применения интерактивных методов обучения в контексте формирования межкультурной компетенции у студентов вузов. В настоящей статье анализируется влияние интерактивных методик на усвоение иностранного языка в условиях поликультурного образовательного пространства российских университетов. В качестве материалов исследования выступили учебные планы и рабочие программы дисциплин иностранных языков в ведущих вузах России. Для сбора эмпирических данных был проведен анкетный опрос 183 студентов 1-4 курсов филологических факультетов ряда университетов. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о высокой эффективности проектных, деловых и ролевых игр, дискуссий и мозговых штурмов при обучении иностранным языкам в мультикультурной среде вуза. Интерактивные формы обучения способствуют развитию социокультурной компетенции студентов, их коммуникативных и когнитивных навыков. Были рассчитаны абсолютные и относительные показатели, проведен кластерный анализ для выявления групп респондентов. Таким образом, комплексный подход к сбору первичных данных, включающий как анализ нормативных документов, так и проведение социологического исследования среди целевой аудитории, позволил всесторонне оценить особенности применения интерактивных методик обучения иностранным языкам в поликультурном пространстве российских вузов.

At the present stage of development of higher education, it is relevant to consider the features of the use of interactive teaching methods in the context of the formation of intercultural competence among university students. This article analyzes the influence of interactive techniques on the acquisition of a foreign language in the multicultural educational environment of Russian universities. The research materials were the curricula and work programs of foreign language disciplines in leading universities in Russia. To collect empirical data, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 183 1st-4th year students of philological faculties of a number of universities. The results of the study indicate the high effectiveness of project, business and role-playing games, discussions and brainstorming when teaching foreign languages in a multicultural university environment. Interactive forms of learning contribute to the development of students' sociocultural competence, their communication and cognitive skills. Absolute and relative indicators were calculated, and cluster analysis was carried out to identify groups of respondents. Thus, an integrated approach to collecting primary data, including both an analysis of regulatory documents and conducting sociological research among the target audience, made it possible to comprehensively assess the features of the use of interactive methods of teaching foreign languages in the multicultural space of Russian universities.