bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of hardwood biomass using dilute alkali
Authors: LUO JIE , GENCO JOSEPH M. , ZOU HAIXUAN
Published: November 2019

Near neutral hemicellulose extraction involves extracting wood hemicellulose using green liquor before conventional kraft pulping. The objective of this work was to develop correlations that could be used in process design and economic studies. Experimental data are presented for the extraction of northeast hardwood chips using green liquor. The effect of green liquor application rate, liquor-to-wood ratio, and H-factor on the removal of sugars and organic acids is discussed. Response variables include wood yield, total and soluble lignin, component sugars, acetic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, and furfural. Empirical correlations are developed that embody green liquor application rate, liquor-to-wood ratio, and the H-factor. Parameters are presented for the response variables after the extraction and hydrolysis processes.
Prebleaching of eucalypt kraft pulp with OP stages: Effect of an acid pretreatment or chelation step
Authors: PÓVOAS TATIANA M. , ANGÉLICO DINA A.G. , EGAS ANA P.V. , LOUREIRO PEDRO E.G. , GANDO-FERREIRA LICÍNIO M. , CARVALHO M. GRAÇA V.S.
Published: November 2019

We conducted a comparative evaluation of different treatments for the bleaching of eucalypt kraft pulps beginning with OP stages. The treatments tested were (1) an acid chelation stage with DTPA (OQP sequence); (2) a hot acid stage (AOP sequence); and (3) a chelant addition into the alkaline oxygen stage ((OQ)P and A(OQ)P sequences). The latter strategy was also studied for environmental reasons, as it contributes to the closure of the filtrate cycle. The OQP sequence leads to the highest brightness gain and pulp viscosity and the lowest peroxide consumption caused by an efficient metals control. Considering that the low biodegradability of the chelant is a problem, the A(OQ)P sequence is an interesting option because it leads to reduced peroxide consumption (excluding OQP) while still reaching high brightness values and similar brightness reversion to OQP prebleaching, with only a viscosity loss of 160 dm3/kg. Therefore, a hot acid stage could be considered when a separate acid Q stage is absent in a prebleaching sequence of Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulps involving OP stages.
Rapid comparison of mineral oils vapor transmission rate through paper and board packaging materials
Authors: TIGGELMAN INEKE , PASCH HARALD , HARTMANN PATRICE C.
Published: November 2019

This paper reports the development of a permeation test method to evaluate the transmission rate of a volatile organic compound, acting as a mineral oil simulant, through paper and plastic packaging materials. The method uses accelerated conditions, whereby the environment on the one side of a substrate is saturated with the vapor of a model organic compound, similar to mineral oil vapor, namely n-heptane. A suitable adsorbent is placed on the other side of the substrate to ensure a constant gradient of vapor pressure by adsorbing the organic vapor as it migrates through the substrate. This mechanism enables the measurement of the heptane vapor transmission rate through food packaging materials, which is an indirect measure of the mineral oil barrier properties. This research demonstrated that barrier-coated paperboards have the ability to behave in the same way as, and often even better than, commercial plastic films toward the migration of mineral oil.
Multi-scale simulation of paperboard edge wicking using a fiber-resolving virtual paper model
Authors: MARK ANDREAS , BERCE ANTON , SANDBOGE ROBERT , EDELVIK FREDRIK , GLATT ERIK , RIEF STEFAN , WIEGMANN ANDREAS , FREDLUND MATS , AMINI JUNIS , RENTZHOG MARIA , LAI RON , MARTINSSON LARS , NYMAN ULF , TRYDING JOHAN
Published: November 2019

When liquid packaging board is made aseptic in the filling machine, the unsealed edges of the board are exposed to hydrogen peroxide. A high level of liquid penetration may lead to aesthetic as well as functional defects. The ability to make a priori predictions about the edge wicking properties of a certain paperboard material is therefore of great interest to the paper industry, as well as to packaging manufacturers. In this paper, a multi-scale framework is proposed that allows for detailed simulation of the edge wicking process. On the fiber micro-scale, virtual paper models are generated based on input from tomographic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. A pore morphology method is used to calculate capillary pressure curves, and on the active pores, one-phase flow simulations are performed for relative permeabilities. The results as functions of saturation and porosity are stored in a database. The database is used as input for two-phase flow simulations on the paper macro-scale. The resulting fluid penetration is validated against pressurized edge wick measurements on paper lab sheets with very good agreement. The proposed multi-scale approach can be used to increase the understanding of how edge wicking in paperboard packages depends on the micro-structure.
Philosophy and the library and information studies: Vectors of interaction
Authors: Varganova G.
Published: November 2019

The author analyzes the origins of interest towards philosophical issues the book and library scientists and researcher bibliographers take. The need for more close interaction between philosophy and the library and information science in the circumstances of transition from information society to knowledge society and digital economy is substantiated. The process of cognitive institutionalization of philosophical knowledge in the library and information science is examined. The author analyzes several works by Arkady V. Sokolov on the content and specific features of bibliosophy as a philosophical system focused on biblioshere within the historical context. The key functions of philosophical knowledge are discussed as related to library and information science which enables rationalizing and reliable, accurate and relevant assessment of multiple and unique processes and phenomena in this disciplines. The focus is made on the worldview, ontological, gnoseological, methodological and axiological functions. The authors emphasizes the role of philosophy in developing conceptual, theoretical, logical and methodological structures for serious study of bibliosphere and its rational perception as one of the fundamental cultural segments
Ethical regulation of students’ using information: The comparative case study of Russian and US universities
Authors: Eremenko T.
Published: November 2019

The findings of the comparative study of documents representing the process of supporting the academic ethical values in students' information activities are presented. The empirical data were obtained as a result of analysis of 24 ethical codes of Russian universities and documentation of the Harvard University Honor Council. The documents indicating the practice of ethical regulation in the field of students' work with information loaded to the official websites of Russian universities are studied. The procedures of the Harvard Honor Council are discussed, the statistics of violations of academic integrity examined by the Honor Council is analyzed. The author concludes that Russian universities are at the initial stage of implementing full-fledged system of ethical regulation of the university community activities, and their initiatives aimed at approval of their ethical codes are primarily of the declarative nature. Based on the study of documented practice of the Harvard Honor Council, it is demonstrated how a well-developed ethical regulation mechanism provides for efficient control over the observance of the principles of academic integrity that are postulated in Harvard's Code of Honor. The conclusion about the high degree of influence of the “Codes of Honor” on the US university community is made.
Salt Trading in Deli: Relationship between Karo and Coastal Area in 19th Century
Authors: Suprayitno Suprayitno , Ratna Ratna , Handoko Handoko
Published: November 2019

In the East Coast region of Sumatra trade patterns between inland and coastal areas have occurred since the pre-colonial period. If we pull back, the Coastal region and the interior have been trading since the 14th century; this can be seen from the archaeological findings of ancient foreign ceramics in Kabanjahe. In the 19th century, orientlists have stepped on East Sumatra. In their visits and reports, orientalists say that there has been a trade relationship between the people in the community with the coastal community. This indicates that the trade relations of the world’s deep trade with thesis continue to be continued. The role of the inland region is to supply commodities to the coastline; we can interpret that in the coastal region there are no important commodities produced. This article describes the trade relations that occur in the past. This is useful for the flexi trade system of the former with the present. How is the relationship between trade in the 19th century between the interior and the coast.
The Effect of Religious Relaxation Therapy on Improving Sleep Quality of Patients Chronic Kidney Failure: A Pilot Study in Surabaya
Authors: Purwanti Rini , Yusuf Ah , Nihayati Hanik Endang , Qomariah Siti Nur , Bakar Abu
Published: November 2019

Objective: It is discovered that approximately 80% patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing haemodialysis treatment experience a difficulty to sleep. Such issue could decrease the patients’ living quality. The relaxation therapy using spiritual approach based on the patients’ religion to improve sleep quality has not been scientifically proven yet. This study aims to analyze the effect of religious relaxation therapy on patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing haemodialysis treatment.

Materials and methods: The research was quasy experiment with prepost test control group design. The subjects of the research are the entire patients with chronic kidney failure who undergo haemodialysis treatment in the Islamic Hospital. The samples are taken from sixty clients recruited by random sampling allocation technique. Those clients aged 20-65 years old, Moslem and no complications. Patients’ sleeping quality is determined by The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Meanwhile, the data is analyzed by using Wilcoxon sign rank statistic test and Mann Whitney U test.

Results and Discussion: The research showed that the religious relaxation therapy is proven to have a more improved good sleep quality (73.3 %) while the control group tends to be stagnant. The religious therapy is proven to have a positive effect on sleep quality by p = 0.000

Conclusion: The religious relaxation therapy gives positive effects in improving the sleep quality for patients with chronic kidney failure who undergo haemodialysis treatment.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.48-52
Four Layer Cylindrical Model of Mucus Transport in the Lung: Effect of Prolonged Cough
Authors: Saxena Arti , Kumar Vijay , Shukla JB
Published: November 2019

Background: In this paper, a four layer model of the simultaneous and coaxial flow of moist air, mucus, mixture of mucin and periciliary liquid and serous fluid (assumed to be incompressible and Newtonian fluids) in a circular tube under time dependent pressure gradient representing prolonged cough is analyzed to study the mucus transport in an airway in the presence of prolonged cough. It is assumed that air and mucus flow under quasi steady state turbulent conditions while the mixture of mucin and periciliary liquid and serous layer surrounding mixture layer flows under unsteady laminar condition in presence of immotile cilia carpet.

Result: It is shown that the mucus transport increases as the viscosity of serous fluid decreases. Also the mixture and serous fluid flow rates increase as the viscosity of serous fluid decreases. It is also observed that the effect of resistance to flow by serous fluid in the cilia bed is to decrease flow rates. The flow rates of mucus and mixture of mucin and periciliary fluid increase as the viscosity of mixture decreases also air and mixture of mucus and periciliary fluid flow rates increase as the thickness of mixture increases.

Conclusion: As the thickness of mucus increases its flow rate increases on the other hand the mixture flow rate, mucus and serous fluid flow rate decreases with the increase of the mixture thickness.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.53-63
Coping with Disease in Multiple Sclerosis Patients : A Concept Analysis
Authors: Dehghani Ali
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective: Coping with disease can lead to disease recovery and improve quality of life in people living with multiple sclerosis; therefore, correct definition of this concept is essential. Different dimensions of coping have been emphasized in various studies. This study was aimed to define, clarify and analyzing its concept in people with multiple sclerosis.

Materials and methods: In this study, analysis was conducted using the hybrid model in three phases. In the theoretical phase, literature on coping with MS was reviewed until 2016. In the field work phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 people with MS. The conventional content analysis was used in two theoretical and field work phases using Graneheim and Lundman stages. Then, the results of two phases were combined in the final analysis phase.

Results and Discussion: The literature review in the theoretical phase revealed five features of coping: accepting the current situation, Self-regulation, Self-efficacy, Multi-dimensional, complex and dynamic nature and Maintenance of effect balance. In the field work phase, maintenance and development of human interactions were added to the features of the concept.

Conclusion: Considering these characteristics is necessary in planning to improve coping and quality of life for people living with MS.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.64-72
Developing Information media as Dehydration Prevention Strategy In Indonesia Recreational Futsal Players
Authors: Zein Muhammad Ikhwan , Saryono Saryono , Sukamti EndangRini , Sudarko RumpisAgus , Rustiasari Ukhti Jamil , Akhmad Syaefudin Ali , Wiharja Alvin , Suryani Anita
Published: November 2019

Background: Futsal as leisure time sport is very popular in Indonesia. However, this sport is characterized by high intensity which tends to cause dehydration.

Aim: The aim of this study was to identify pre-exercise hydration status of recreational futsal players and develop information media to prevent dehydration in Indonesia recreational futsal players.

Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented as part of preliminary study to get the picture of pre-exercise hydration status of recreational futsal players. Twenty seven male participants were recruited in this study (age 22 + 3.19 years old., weight 65.85 + 13.54 kg, height 1.69 + 0.08 m, BMI 22.73 + 3.08 kg/m2). Hydration status was checked by using urine strip test before they played futsal. Participants filled out short questionnaires to find out the information source of dehydration. Information media was created based on the result of this preliminary study to prevent dehydration. Additionally, media expert and sports medicine doctor also assessed the development of information media.

Result: The preliminary study showed that 77.7% (n = 21) of the subjects suffered from dehydration before playing futsal. The short questionnaires result showed that most of the subjects received information about dehydration from television (52%) and internet (43%). The content and design of developed information media was considered valid by the experts.

Conclusion: Our findings conclude that incidence of pre-exercise dehydration among recreational futsal players in Indonesia was high. Further study to evaluate the use of developed information media is needed to prevent the risk of dehydration during high intensity exercise.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.122-128
Antiglaucoma medication utilization and therapeutic outcome among Nigerian older persons with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Saka SA , Onyeukwu BO , Eze UIH
Published: November 2019

Background: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is associated with older age. Antiglaucoma medications (AGM) are the cornerstones in the management of POAG. However, the relationship between AGM utilization, patients’ medication adherence (MA) and the therapeutic outcome remains largely unexplored among older persons.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate AGM utilization patterns, patients’ MA and intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction among older persons.

Methods: This study was a 5-year retrospective review of medical records of consecutively selected older persons diagnosed of POAG at a University teaching hospital, in southwest Nigeria. Older persons were included if (1) aged 65 years and above, (2) had attended the outpatient ophthalmic clinics of the hospital between January 2010 and December 2015 (3) had at least 1-year clinic attendance during the period. The relationship between AGM utilization, patients’ self-reported MA and physicians’ comments on IOP was evaluated. A bivariate analysis was carried out to determine associations between variables and MA. Factors associated with IOP reduction were determined using a logistic regression. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The carbonic anhydrase inhibitors comprised (66/191; 34.6%) of the total 191 AGM prescriptions. Majority of the participants (36/60; 60.0%) had reduced IOP with AGM alone, of which (13/36;36.1%) were on triple AGM. The participants’ MA (p=0.01) and number of AGM (p=0.04) were significantly associated with IOP reduction among the participants in a logistic regression.

Conclusion: The number of AGM prescribed and the patients’ medication adherence can influence IOP reduction among older persons with POAG.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.141-147
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation effects on lipid ratios in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial study
Authors: Zarei Parvin , Rezvanfar Mohammad Reza , Khosrowbeygi Ali
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study had been designed to evaluate the effects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on the lipid ratios in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight women with T2DM were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. While one group received 100 mg/day of CoQ10 supplement for 12 weeks (n=34) the other was given placebo for the same time duration (n=34). Lipid profile including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the intervention and lipid ratios were calculated.

Results and Discussion: After the intervention, values of non-HDL-C (p=0.001), TG/HDL-C (p=0.03) and LDL-C/HDL-C (p=0.001) were significantly decreased in CoQ10 group. Values of HDL ratio (p=0.002) were increased significantly in CoQ10 group.

Conclusion: This study showed that daily supplementation with 100 mg of CoQ10 in women with T2DM could improve some atherogenic lipid ratios that might be useful in preventing cardiovascular diseases in them.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.152-158
Management of bilateral impacted maxillary canines (BIMC): open surgical exposure and orthodontic traction.
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: November 2019

Background: Patients presenting with BIMC are relatively rare and the aim of the Orthodontist is to create a dentition that is functionally and aesthetically acceptable. The BIMC may result in altered facial appearance with malocclusion and psychological distress in some individuals.

Case presentation: The present case report describes a 17-year-old female patient with nonsyndromic, BIMC. Clinical and CBCT examinations revealed BIMC. Following open surgical exposure treatment planning, the patient was treated with orthodontic fixed mechanotherapy to correct BIMC and other problems. Slow force mechanics with passive self-ligating MBT 0.022 orthodontic braces were used.

Results: Open surgical exposure and active orthodontic treatment was completed in 18 months. The management of BIMC requires multidisciplinary approach to achieve better aesthetics and improved occlusal function.

Conclusion: A combined Open Surgical Exposure-Orthodontic Traction-Orthodontic treatment would help achieve desired aesthetics and functioning occlusion.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.169-173
Efficacy of an herbal product (Habb-E-Munish) in treatment of ED Using IIEF-5 scores and it’s effect on liver and renal functions
Authors: Hussain Md Anwar , Alam Mohd Nurul , Ahmed Nafisa , Said Hasan , Afrin Syeda Fahmida , Hassan Zahid , Mamun Abdullah Al , Mahmood Abu Kholdun Al
Published: November 2019

Background and Rationale: Incidence of erectile dysfunction is rising in both developing and developed countries including Bangladesh. Even in this 21st century people attracted to the herbal and/alternative medicine. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Haab-e-Munish in the treatment using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaire.

Material and Methods: A total 33 married male subjects participated in this study. The study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Ibn Sina Medical College & Hospital. Informed written consent was obtained from each participant. Data were expressed as mean±SD and were managed by SPSS for Windows Version 17. P<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Mean (SD) age of the participants was 36.8±7.7. Basic data like pulse, blood pressure, serum creatinine, urea and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were unchanged compared to the baseline. IIEF Score of all five functional domain demonstrated significant improvement from the baseline.

Conclusion: Herbal preparation Haab-e-Munish has positive effect in improving erectile dysfunctions and is safe for liver and kidney function on short term basis.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(1) 2020 p.176-179
EFEKTIFITAS PELATIHAN PERAWATAN LUKA TINGKAT DASAR DI BAPELKES BATAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUANTENAGA KEPERAWATAN DI PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU
Authors: Hayati Wilda , Suwandana Endan
Published: November 2019

The improvement of wound care capabilityof nurses needs to be continually conducted due to the development in science and technology of the wound care. One way to improve the capabilityof the nurse can be achievedby conducting a training program. This paper is aimed to assess the effectiveness of the basic level wound care training program at Health Training Center (Bapelkes) of Batam in the improvement of the nurses’ capabilities in the Kepulauan Riau Province. Thisstudy implements qualitative descriptive method by using questionnaires as research instrument which were distributed to three groups of respondents, i.e. the alumni, the alumni’s mentors, and the alumni’s working partners,out of three training batches between 2011-2013. The variables evaluated in this study include performance, working motivation, professional competency, and training competency. Descriptive statistical analysis methods and analytic statistics (simple linear regression) are also used in data analysis. The results of the study show that the training program is effective in improving the nurses’ capability in all evaluated variables with the average improvement percentage of 96,88% (based on response of the alumni), 90,63% (based on the response of the alumni’s mentors), and 92,19% (based on the response of the alumni’s working partners). The study also concludes that the correlation of responsesamong the group of respondents showing that the correlation of the responses between the alumni and the alumni’s mentors is strongly significant with the coefficient correlation (R2) of 0.804 and strong with the R2 of 0,516 for the correlation of the responses between the alumni and the alumni’s working partners. This means that the assessment given by training alumni, alumni superiors and alumni colleagues is not biased and the three groups of respondents suppot each other/ have in common, assessments given by training alumni and above alumni have a very strong relationship with the correlation coefficient (R2) 0.804.

Keywords : Post-training evaluation; wound care; nurse.
Asthma predictive index as a useful diagnostic tool in preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Korea
Authors: Lee Dong Hyeon , Kwon Ji-Won , Kim Hyung Young , Seo Ju-Hee , Kim Hyo-Bin , Lee So-Yeon , Jang Gwang-Cheon , Song Dae-Jin , Kim Woo Kyung , Jung Young-Ho , Hong Soo-Jong , Shim Jung Yeon
Published: November 2019

Background: It is challenging to diagnose asthma in preschool children. The asthma predictive index (API) has been used to predict asthma and decide whether to initiate treatment in preschool children.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between questionnaire-based current asthma with API, pulmonary function, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), fractional expiratory nitric oxide (FeNO), and atopic sensitization in preschool children.Methods: We performed a population-based cross-sectional study in 916 preschool children aged 4–6 years. We defined current asthma as the presence of both physician-diagnosed asthma and at least one wheezing episode within the previous 12 months using a modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between groups according to the presence of current asthma.Results: The prevalence of current asthma was 3.9% in the study population. Children with current asthma showed a higher rate of positive bronchodilator response and loose and stringent API scores than children without current asthma. The stringent API was associated with current asthma with 72.2% sensitivity and 82.0% specificity. The diagnostic accuracy of the stringent API for current asthma was 0.771. However, no intergroup differences in spirometry results, methacholine provocation test results, FeNO level, or atopic sensitization rate were observed.Conclusion: The questionnaire-based diagnosis of current asthma is associated with API, but not with spirometry, AHR, FeNO, or atopic sensitization in preschool children.
KINERJA PEMERIKSA PAJAK: TIGA VARIABEL PENJELAS PEN-CAPAIAN TARGET PAJAK OPTIMAL
Authors: Santuo Santuo
Published: November 2019

Keberhasilan pemeriksaan pajak ditentukan oleh kinerja pemeriksa pajak. Oleh karena itu, untuk mencapai hasil pemeriksaan yang optimal, diperlukan adanya upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja pemeriksa pajak. Kinerja pemeriksa pajak dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, beberapa diantaranya adalah profesionalisme, pengalaman kerja dan komitmen organisasi dari pemeriksa pajak. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya mengemukakan hasil bahwa profesionalisme, pengalaman kerja dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pemeriksa pajak. Namun terdapat juga penelitian sebelumnya yang mengemukakan hasil bahwa profesionalisme, pengalaman kerja dan komitmen organisasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pemeriksa pajak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profesionalisme, pengalaman kerja dan komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja pemeriksa pajak pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Bulukumba. Populasi penelitian yaitu sebanyak 37 pemeriksa pajak yang terdiri atas fungsional pemeriksa pajak dan petugas pemeriksa pajak pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Bulukumba. Jumlah sampel ditentukan dengan teknik total sampling, yaitu dengan mengambil semua populasi yaitu sebanyak 37 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan uji hipotesis parsial dan simultan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan pada profesionalisme, pengalaman kerja dan komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja pemeriksa pajak. Hal ini berarti bahwa kinerja pemeriksa pajak pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Bulukumba secara mayoritas dipengaruhi oleh profesionalisme, pengalaman kerja dan komitmen organisasi pemeriksa pajak serta selebihnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam model penelitian ini.
‘Come up to a place like this?’ The Problem with Seeking Sanctuary in the Rural in Mary Lavin's Short Stories
Authors: Flynn Deirdre
Published: November 2019

Mary Lavin's stories subtly suggest that the rural idyll that De Valera dreamed of cannot materialise. The past plays heavy on the modernity promised, and through Lavin's ecocritical eye, it creeps in to each of her stories like the ‘powdery green lichen’ that covered the walls in the yard of Ella and Robert's home in ‘A Happy Death’. Her characters are not romantic outsiders but people trying to come to terms with, and move away from, the sentimentality and cliché of Irish identity. The negotiation that the characters undergo, and the influence of this pastoral trope on their lives, is manifested in Lavin's use of ecological signposts. Her stories act as a reminder of this failed rural promise and allow Lavin to make a critical statement on the promise of post-independence Ireland, and the reality of life. The environment becomes a dominating presence on the landscape, both urban and rural and on the characters that inhabit this newly independent state. This article will investigate Lavin's engagement with the rural in her short stories.
IS THERE A NEED IN A PETROLEUM RESEARCH-AND-TESTING SITE IN NOVOSIBIRSK REGION?
Authors: Zapivalov Nikolay
Published: November 2019

The author considers an oil deposit as a living fluid-rock system. As a result of super-intensive methods, the «health» of the Verh-Tarskoe oilfield had been destroyed, and the output of oil began to fall rapidly. The intended petroleum research-and-testing site should be included in the structure of Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, SB RAS, as a non-commercial research center. Siberian Scientists must find methods to cure «fatigued» oilfields and extract the residual (hard-to-extract) oil. It may become an international project.
S-TRANSFORM RIDGE FILTERING
Authors: Serdyukov Aleksander , Azarov Anton , Yablokov Alexandr
Published: November 2019

The problem of time-frequency filtering of seismic data on the basis of S-conversion is considered. S-transform provides a frequency-dependent resolution, while maintaining a direct connection with the Fourier spectrum. S-conversion is widely used in seismic processing. The standard filtering method based on S-conversion is based on its reversibility. From the point of view of temporal localization, this method is not optimal, since the calculation of the inverse S-transform includes time averaging. We propose an alternative filtering method based on signal recovery from S-transform peaks.
COMPUTING, STORING AND VISUALIZATION OF INDUCTION AND RESISTIVITY LOGS FOR MULTIPHYSICAL RESERVOIR MODEL COLLECTION ATLAS MPhM
Authors: Chernik Nikita , Sobolev Andrey
Published: November 2019

The first version of the cross-platform system of storage, search, computation using cloud technologies of electric logging signals and visualization of both model parameters and the computated fields and signals for the Institute’s collection of multiphysical models ATLAS MPhM was created.
Ani Yağışlar ve Su Baskını Riski Altındaki Tarihi Yapılar İstanbul Tarihi Yarımada: Ahi Çelebi Camisi
Authors: Ciritci İlke , Yücel Gül
Published: November 2019

Son yıllarda artan sağanak yağışlar, özellikle kentlerde ani su baskınlarına neden olmaktadır. Sağanak yağışın ardından yaşanan ani su baskınları sonucu önemli derecede işlev kaybı ve ekonomik zararla karşılaşılmaktadır. İstanbul’da topoğrafik olarak ani yağışlarda su altında kalma riski olan yerler özellikle dere yataklarıdır. Ancak tarihi yapılar kentteki değişim ve yol kotlarındaki düzenlemelere bağlı olarak kaldırım kotunun altında kalmaktadır. Çevresine göre daha alt kotta kalan tarihi yapılar, yağışlar sonucu ani su baskınlarına karşı risk altındadır. 17 Ağustos 2019’da yaşanan sağanak yağış, İstanbul tarihi kent merkezinde birçok yerde su baskınıyla sonuçlanmış, Küçük Ayasofya ve restorasyon sürecindeki Ahi Çelebi Camii sular altında kalmıştır. Çalışmada İstanbul Tarihi Yarımada’da ani yağışta su baskını riski yüksek tarihi yapılar değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda Haliç kıyısında konumlu Ahi Çelebi Camii ayrıntılı incelenmiştir. İncelemede konum, çevre topografya ile ilişkisi, ani su baskınlarına karşı alınmış önlemler ve daha önce bu türden risklerle karşılaşıp karşılaşmadığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışma verilerini arşiv bilgileri ve yerinde gözlem verileri oluşturmaktadır. İstanbul’da çoğu camii olmak üzere birçok tarihi yapının özgün kotu, çevresindeki yol kotundan daha aşağıdadır. Ani yağışlar sonucu gelişebilecek su baskınları için risk analizlerinin yapılarak, başta tarihi yapılar olmak üzere risk azaltıcı önlemler geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Kinetic Parameters Evaluation of Furfural Degradation Reaction Using Numerical and Integral Methods
Authors: Panjaitan Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan , Persada Guna Bangun , Supriyadi Didik
Published: November 2019

Furfural adalah salah satu bahan kimia penting yang dapat diubah menjadi berbagai bahan kimia seperti furfuryl alkohol dan asam levulinat. Furfural dapat diproduksi dari biomassa lignoselulosa dalam kondisi asam dengan mengkonversikan fraksi hemiselulosa dalam biomassa menjadi gula pentosa dan selanjutnya menjadi furfural. Reaksi degradasi furfural tidak diinginkan karena dapat mengurangi hasil furfural yang telah dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghitung parameter kinetika dari reaksi degradasi furfural menggunakan metode numerik dan integral. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai konstanta laju reaksi dan energi aktivasi dari perhitungan metode numerik dan integral berbeda karena perbedaan dalam metode perhitungan. Pada metode integral, reaksi degradasi furfural pada suhu yang lebih tinggi (170oC) sesuai dengan model orde nol karena sebagian besar furfural telah terdegradasi dalam reaksi, akan tetapi reaksi degradasi furfural pada suhu yang lebih rendah (150oC dan 160oC) sesuai dengan model non-second order.

 

Furfural is one of the important building block chemicals that can be converted into various chemicals such as furfuryl alcohol and levulinic acid. Furfural can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass in acidic condition which hemicellulose fraction in biomass can be converted into pentose sugar and subsequently became furfural. Furfural degradation reaction is not desirable because it can reduce the yield of furfural that had been produced. The purpose of this study was to calculated kinetic parameters of furfural degradation reaction using numerical and integral methods. The results showed that the value of reaction rate constants and activation energies from numerical and integral methods calculation were different due to the differences in calculation methods. Using integral method, reaction order of furfural degradation at higher temperature (170oC) follows zero order because most of the furfural had been degraded in the reaction, but reaction order of furfural degradation at lower temperature (150oC and 160oC) follows non-second order.
Pengaruh Iradiasi Gamma pada Konversi Biomassa Lignoselulosa Sabut Kelapa Menjadi Bioetanol
Authors: Darojati Harum Azizah , Putra Sugili , Zulprasetya Fahril Putera
Published: November 2019

Sabut kelapa adalah salah satu limbah lignoselulosa yang dapat dikonversikan menjadi bioetanol. Konversi bioetanol pada penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu proses pre-treatment, proses Saccharification and Simultaneous Fermentation (SSF), dan proses pemurnian. Proses pre-treatment sebagai proses pemecahan ikatan lignoselulosa menjadi poin utama dalam proses konversi biomassa lignoselulosa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iradiasi gamma terhadap pemecahan ikatan lignoselulosa pada proses pre-treatment tersebut. Proses iradiasi gamma divariasikan pada dosis sebesar 0 kGy, 100 kGy, 150 kGy, 200 kGy, 250 kGy dan dilanjutkan pre-treatment secara kimia menggunakan NaOH 4%. Kemudian dilanjutkan proses pemurnian setelah proses SSF selama 72 jam. Kadar bioetanol yang diperoleh setelah proses pemurnian diukur menggunakan metode refraktometri dan piknometri. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh kadar bioetanol tertinggi pada dosis iradiasi gamma 200 kGy, yaitu 35,15% untuk metode refraktometri, dan 36,77% untuk metode piknometri. Hasil tersebut jauh lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kadar bioetanol tanpa iradiasi gamma yaitu 2,45% untuk metode refraktometri, dan 6,92% untuk metode piknometri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pre-treatment dengan iradiasi gamma dapat menghasilkan kadar bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan iradiasi gamma.

Coconut husk is one of lignocellulosic wastes that can be converted into bioethanol. Bioethanol conversion in this study was carried out through several stages, namely the pre-treatment process, the Saccharification and Simultaneous Fermentation (SSF) process, and the purification process. The pre-treatment process as the process of breaking lignocellulosic bonds becomes the main point in the process of lignocellulosic biomass conversion. This research was conducted to determine the effect of gamma irradiation to breaking lignocellulosic bonds on the pre-treatment process. Gamma irradiation process was varied in doses of 0 kGy, 100 kGy, 150 kGy, 200 kGy, 250 kGy and continued with chemical pre-treatment using 4% NaOH. Then the purification process was continued after the SSF process for 6 days. Bioethanol levels obtained after the purification process were measured using refractometry and picnometry methods. In this study, the highest levels of bioethanol were obtained at a gamma irradiation dose of 200 kGy, namely 34.93% for the refractometry method, and 26.67% for the picnometry method, respectively. These results are much higher when compared to bioethanol levels without gamma irradiation, which is 2.25% for the refractometry method, and 5.49% for the picnometry method, respectively. This study shows that the pre-treatment method with gamma irradiation can produce higher levels of bioethanol than without using gamma irradiation.
Parameter Interaksi Biner Kesetimbangan Uap-Cair Campuran yang Melibatkan Alkohol Rantai Bercabang atau Aseton untuk Optimasi Proses Pemurnian Bioetanol
Authors: Mustain Asalil , Sa'diyah Khalimatus , Wibowo Agung Ari , Hartanto Dhoni
Published: November 2019

Parameter interaksi biner kesetimbangan uap-cair campuran yang melibatkan alkohol rantai bercabang atau aseton telah ditentukan pada penelitian ini. Data kesetimbangan uap-cair kondisi isobarik pada tekanan atmosferik telah dipilih total sebanyak 14 sistem. Data kesetimbangan tersebut kemudian dikorelasikan dengan model koefisien aktifitas Wilson, Non Random Two-Liquid (NRTL) dan Universal Quasi-Chemical (UNIQUAC) untuk diperoleh parameter interaksi binernya. Parameter tersebut ditentukan sebagai fungsi suhu pada penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam aplikasi pada kisaran suhu yang panjang. Korelasi menunjukkan hasil yang baik dikarenakan root mean square deviation (RMSD) antara data eksperimental dengan hasil perhitungan relatif kecil. Sebagai tambahan, perilaku masing-masing sistem biner tersebut juga diamati pada kesempatan ini. Parameter yang diperoleh dapat digunakan untuk optimasi desain kolom distilasi pada proses pemurnian produksi bioetanol.

 

The binary interaction parameters of vapor-liquid equilibrium for the mixtures involving branched-chain higher alcohols or acetone have been determined in this study. Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium data at atmospheric pressure have been selected for a total of 14 systems. The VLE data were then correlated with the Wilson, NonRandom Two-Liquid (NRTL) and Universal Quasi Chemical (UNIQUAC) activity coefficient models to obtain its binary interaction parameters. The parameters were determined as the temperature-dependent in this study to increase its ability in wide temperature range applications. The correlations showed good results because the root mean square deviation (RMSD) between the experimental data and calculation values were relatively low. In addition, the behavior of each binary systems were also observed in this study. The obtained parameters could be used to optimize the distillation column design in the purification process of bioethanol production.
Multi-Task Learning for Multi-Dimensional Regression: Application to Luminescence Sensing
Authors: Michelucci Umberto , Venturini Francesca
Published: November 2019

The classical approach to non-linear regression in physics is to take a mathematical model describing the functional dependence of the dependent variable from a set of independent variables, and then using non-linear fitting algorithms, extract the parameters used in the modeling. Particularly challenging are real systems, characterized by several additional influencing factors related to specific components, like electronics or optical parts. In such cases, to make the model reproduce the data, empirically determined terms are built in the models to compensate for the difficulty of modeling things that are, by construction, difficult to model. A new approach to solve this issue is to use neural networks, particularly feed-forward architectures with a sufficient number of hidden layers and an appropriate number of output neurons, each responsible for predicting the desired variables. Unfortunately, feed-forward neural networks (FFNNs) usually perform less efficiently when applied to multi-dimensional regression problems, that is when they are required to predict simultaneously multiple variables that depend from the input dataset in fundamentally different ways. To address this problem, we propose multi-task learning (MTL) architectures. These are characterized by multiple branches of task-specific layers, which have as input the output of a common set of layers. To demonstrate the power of this approach for multi-dimensional regression, the method is applied to luminescence sensing. Here, the MTL architecture allows predicting multiple parameters, the oxygen concentration and temperature, from a single set of measurements.
Fine Comminution of Pine Bark: How Does Mechanical Loading Influence Particles Properties and Milling Efficiency?
Authors: Rajaonarivony Karine , Rouau Xavier , Lampoh Komlanvi , Delenne Jean-Yves , Mayer-Laigle Claire
Published: November 2019

The use of lignocellulosic plant biomass as an alternative to fossil feedstocks for chemistry, energy and materials often involves an intense dry comminution step, for which the energy consumed can vary significantly according to the process parameters, the particle size targeted, and the properties of the biomass. Here we studied the fine milling of maritime pine bark in an impact-mill configuration and in an attrition-mill configuration. The properties of the resulting powders (particle size distribution, particle shape, specific surface area, agglomeration level) obtained in each configuration were compared in relation to process energy consumption. Results evidenced that the agglomeration phenomena drive milling efficiency and limit the possibilities for reaching ultrafine particles. Interestingly, impact loading proved more effective at breaking down coarse particles but tended to generate high agglomeration levels, whereas attrition milling led to less agglomeration and thus to finer particles.
Population-Based Brain Tumor Survival Analysis via Spatial- and Temporal-Smoothing
Authors: Ma Chenjin , Xue Yuan , Ma Shuangge
Published: November 2019

In cancer research, population-based survival analysis has played an important role. In this article, we conduct survival analysis on patients with brain tumors using the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database from the NCI (National Cancer Institute). It has been recognized that cancer survival models have spatial and temporal variations which are caused by multiple factors, but such variations are usually not “abrupt” (that is, they should be smooth). As such, spatially and temporally pooling all data and analyzing each spatial/temporal point separately are either inappropriate or ineffective. In this article, we develop and implement a spatial- and temporal-smoothing technique, which can effectively accommodate spatial/temporal variations and realize information borrowing across spatial/temporal points. Simulation demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving estimation. Data on a total of 123,571 patients with brain tumors diagnosed between 1911 and 2010 from 16 SEER sites is analyzed. Findings different from separate estimation and simple pooling are made. Overall, this study may provide a practically useful way for modeling the survival of brain tumor (and other cancers) using population data.
The Role and Function of microRNA in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Handa Hiroshi , Murakami Yuki , Ishihara Rei , Kimura-Masuda Kei , Masuda Yuta
Published: November 2019

Recently, attention has been drawn to the role of non-coding regions of the genome in cancer pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with 19–25 bases of length that control gene expression by destroying messenger RNA or inhibiting its translation. In multiple myeloma (MM), the expression of several miRNAs, such as miR-15a and miR-16, is markedly decreased and their target genes upregulated, suggesting their role as tumor-suppressing miRNAs. In contrast, miRNAs such as miR-21 and miR-221 are highly expressed and function as oncogenes (oncomiRs). In addition, several miRNAs, such as those belonging to the miR-34 family, are transcriptional targets of p53 and mediate its tumor-suppressive functions. Many miRNAs are associated with drug resistance, and the modulation of their expression or activity might be explored to reverse it. Moreover, miRNA expression patterns in either MM cells or serum exosomes have been shown to be good prognostic markers. miRNA regulation mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Many miRNAs are epigenetically controlled by DNA methylation and histone modification, and others regulate the expression of epigenetic modifiers, indicating that miRNA and other epigenetic effectors are part of a network. In this review, we outlined the roles of miRNAs in MM and their potential to predict MM prognosis and develop novel therapies.
Cell-Free DNA Methylation Profiling Analysis—Technologies and Bioinformatics
Authors: Huang Jinyong , Wang Liang
Published: November 2019

Analysis of circulating nucleic acids in bodily fluids, referred to as “liquid biopsies”, is rapidly gaining prominence. Studies have shown that cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has great potential in characterizing tumor status and heterogeneity, as well as the response to therapy and tumor recurrence. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that plays an important role in a broad range of biological processes and diseases. It is well known that aberrant DNA methylation is generalizable across various samples and occurs early during the pathogenesis of cancer. Methylation patterns of cfDNA are also consistent with their originated cells or tissues. Systemic analysis of cfDNA methylation profiles has emerged as a promising approach for cancer detection and origin determination. In this review, we will summarize the technologies for DNA methylation analysis and discuss their feasibility for liquid biopsy applications. We will also provide a brief overview of the bioinformatic approaches for analysis of DNA methylation sequencing data. Overall, this review provides informative guidance for the selection of experimental and computational methods in cfDNA methylation-based studies.