bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’épreuve d’acceptabilité sociale, ou la composition disputée du collectif
Authors: Barbier Rémi
Published: September 2021

Parfois contestée, faiblement théorisée, la notion d’acceptabilité sociale tend néanmoins à s’imposer dans divers secteurs d’activité. Face à ce constat, cet article fait le pari qu’il peut être pertinent de la conserver et de l’utiliser comme « locution frontière » permettant de communiquer avec de nombreux acteurs. Mais cette concession est redoublée par une ambition de consolidation théorique de la notion, et par un souci de symétrisation de la charge d’acceptabilité d’un projet : celle-ci ne peut reposer uniquement sur un social récalcitrant à éduquer et à convaincre, elle doit également remettre en jeu le design du projet. L’article prend appui pour ce faire sur l’analyse des conflits spatialisés autour des équipements d’environnement. Il s’inscrit au croisement des approches STS et pragmatistes : ce cadre conceptuel est retenu car il permet d’étudier la composition d’un collectif (le monde social étendu à sa matérialité constitutive) sans présupposer d’asymétrie entre négociations sociales et techniques. L’épreuve d’acceptabilité porte plus précisément sur la compatibilité problématique entre deux ensembles rendus provisoirement indéterminés par le conflit : un dispositif sociotechnique d’un côté, un ou plusieurs milieux concernés de l’autre. L’article interprète cette épreuve d’acceptabilité en tant que régulation civique d’un projet technique, complétant la régulation de base dont il est normalement l’objet. Il prolonge enfin l’usage de cette notion avec une perspective opérationnelle, en proposant des pistes permettant à un éventuel tiers arbitre de piloter cette épreuve et d’en tirer démocratiquement les leçons.
La croissance bleue à l’épreuve des contestations citoyennes : analyse des processus de démocratie participative à partir de quatre cas d’étude bretons (France)
Authors: Kermagoret Charlène , Frangoudes Katia
Published: September 2021

La stratégie européenne de développement économique appelée croissance bleue est axée sur le potentiel inexploité des océans, des mers et du littoral. La mise à l’agenda politique de la croissance bleue se concrétise par le développement de différents secteurs économiques parmi lesquels les énergies marines renouvelables et l’aquaculture. En France, le développement de ces deux secteurs peine à se concrétiser, lié en partie aux mouvements de résistance et d’oppositions générés à l’échelle des territoires dans lesquels les projets de croissance bleue sont planifiés. Ces mouvements mettent directement en cause la légitimité de l’État à définir ce qu’est l’intérêt général et cherchent à faire valoir les intérêts territoriaux. L’implication des citoyens dans la phase de mise en place des projets, décrit sous le terme de démocratie participative, est aujourd’hui largement encouragée, voire imposée, pour prévenir et désamorcer les conflits d’intérêts. Cet article cherche à montrer comment des processus de démocratie participative aux structures différentes, catalysent et font émerger des contestations communes. Pour cela, il se base sur une description et une analyse des instances de démocratie participative réalisée à l’échelle d’un projet de parc éolien en mer (à travers le débat public) et de trois projets de développement aquacole (à travers l’enquête publique), tous situés sur le littoral breton. Notre analyse met en évidence une remise en cause, par certains citoyens, de la démocratie participative telle que déployée sur le terrain. Au-delà de ce résultat, les spécificités liées au territoire breton sont discutées.
Participation publique et gestion des ressources naturelles : quel potentiel d’influence pour les participants ?
Authors: Durand Élizabeth , Duprez Charles , Yates Stéphanie
Published: September 2021

Dans le secteur de l’énergie et des ressources naturelles, au Canada et au Québec, plusieurs instances ont mis en place des mécanismes participatifs visant à mieux intégrer les préoccupations des citoyens dans la planification de leurs projets. À cette fin, les ministères ont développé un corpus d’écrits structurant leurs démarches et leurs rapports avec les participants. Cet article a comme objectif d’étudier comment le potentiel d’influence accordé aux participants sur le processus décisionnel est retranscrit dans cette documentation. Pour ce faire, nous avons retenu la documentation de quatre ministères canadiens (2) et québécois (2) homologues. À partir de ces documents, nous avons réalisé une analyse qualitative de contenu guidé par six principes phares dégagés de la littérature et témoignant de l’influence accordée aux participants. Bien que les démarches participatives ouvrent le processus décisionnel au grand public, elles relèvent davantage de la participation symbolique. Une plus grande transparence et ouverture de la démarche par le biais d’une reddition de compte systématique, une définition plus claire du rôle de l’expert et l’instauration d’une culture d’évaluation de la démarche participative pourrait aider à bâtir une participation plus authentique. Le petit échantillon de cette étude ainsi que le choix de retenir six critères empêchent la généralisation de ce constat. Cependant, la présente étude permet de mieux comprendre comment les instances publiques de ce secteur d’activité conçoivent le potentiel d’influence des participants. Il serait pertinent pour de futures recherches de voir comment ces processus sont réellement mis en place et comment les participants les perçoivent.
Comment donner à voir le Goulag ?
Authors: Werth Nicolas
Published: September 2021

On sait tous à quel point les images des camps filmées à la fin de la Seconde guerre mondiale par les troupes soviétiques, américaines ou britanniques ont participé à la prise de conscience de l’horreur de la Shoah et du système concentrationnaire mis en place par le III e Reich. En ce qui concerne le Goulag, l’absence de toute image filmée étrangère explique en grande partie la “non-visiblité” des camps soviétiques. En outre, le cinéma de fiction a presque totalement délaissé le thème du Goulag…
Images filmiques des camps : entre mémoire et oubli
Authors: Feigelson Kristian , Taïbi Nadia
Published: September 2021

Kristian Feigelson fait retour ici sur un travail et un programme qu’il a initié en 2020, en Finlande et en Russie sur «  Filmer le Goulag  ». Dans une série de conférences en février 2021 «  Une politique du visible : l’écriture visuelle de l’histoire  » à l’Université de Montréal, il est revenu sur le statut des images filmiques des camps à la fois nazis et soviétiques…
La mémoire, un espace à agencer
Authors: Dru Aurélien
Published: September 2021

À partir d’un commentaire et d’une lecture philosophique de L’Art de la Mémoire de Frances A. Yates, nous entreprenons de définir les causes qui expliquent que l’activité psychologique de remémoration a été historiquement conçue comme activité de spatialisation, de localisation et d’agencement.
Yvonne de Rette et l’éducation physique féminine (1925-1985). Une ombre légère face au sport ?
Authors: Szerdahelyi Loïc
Published: September 2021

Rendre compte de brèches ouvertes dans l’ordre du genre, à partir d’une étude de cas, est le projet développé dans cet article. Sur la base principale d’entretiens oraux, cette contribution appréhende le parcours d’Yvonne de Rette dans le monde de l’éducation physique ainsi que les manières dont elle incarne, conçoit et pratique son métier dans le second XX e  siècle. Après avoir balisé son cheminement vers le professorat d’EPS, nous interrogeons son adhésion et sa résistance aux contenus reçus en formation, à l’ordre du genre qui marque le système éducatif et à la sportivisation qui gagne l’éducation physique scolaire. Nous envisageons aussi le parcours de cette femme sous un angle politique, à travers l’expression corporelle qui représente selon elle un moyen de libération et un outil de contestation de la domination masculine, par la défense d’une égalité dans la différence. Si le cas d’Yvonne de Rette permet d’émettre des hypothèses plus larges sur l’orientation des femmes vers l’enseignement de l’EPS, il ouvre également la réflexion sur la construction de la professionnalité enseignante et la diffusion des idées féministes.
Basic reinfection number and backward bifurcation
Authors: Song Baojun ,   Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
Published: September 2021

Some epidemiological models exhibit bi-stable dynamics even when the basic reproduction number $ {{{\cal R}_{0}}} $ is below $ 1 $, through a phenomenon known as a backward bifurcation. Causes for this phenomenon include exogenous reinfection, super-infection, relapse, vaccination exercises, heterogeneity among subpopulations, etc. To measure the reinfection forces, this paper defines a second threshold: the basic reinfection number. This number characterizes the type of bifurcation when the basic reproduction number is equal to one. If the basic reinfection number is greater than one, the bifurcation is backward. Otherwise it is forward. The basic reinfection number with the basic reproduction number together gives a complete measure for disease control whenever reinfections (or relapses) matter. We formulate the basic reinfection number for a variety of epidemiological models.
Nutritional status of Moroccan pregnant women and the birth weight of their newborn: a case-control study in the province of El Jadida
Authors: Elfane Houda ,   Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Training and Research Unit on Nutrition and Food Sciences, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida 24 000, Morocco, El-Jamal Sanaa , Mziwira Mohamed , Barakat Imane , Elayachi Mohammed , Belahsen Rekia ,   Upper Normal School, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
Published: September 2021

Background

Maternal malnutrition is a global concern whose consequences for newborns are intrauterine growth retardation, fetal hypotrophy and exposure to risks of pathologies in adulthood.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess and compare the diet quality and nutritional status of pregnant women at the time of childbirth while assessing their newborn's weight at birth.

Materials and methods

The study involved 400 parturient, divided into two groups of 200 each, the controls who have just given birth to newborns of normal weight and the cases who have just given birth to babies of low birth weight (LBW). Information on food intakes and dietary habits were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric parameters were measured.

Results

The mean body mass index (BMI) of the cases was 25.93 ± 2.64 kg/m2 vs. 28.25 ± 2.75 kg/m2 in the controls. The dietary diversity and variety scores were higher in the controls than in the cases. Indeed means were 6.87 ± 1.30 vs. 8.88 ± 1.35 food groups for the diversity scores and 11.77 ± 1.57 vs. 15.90 ± 2.09 food items for the variety scores in the cases and the controls respectively. The average daily intakes of folates, calcium, iron and zinc were lower than the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) for both groups. The daily calcium intake represents only 1/5th of the RDI for the cases and 1/3 for the controls. Average dietary iron intake was insufficient at only 49% of the daily requirement for cases vs. 66.88% for controls while folates accounts for 64.33% of the RDA for the cases.

Conclusion

Data from this study shows that the diets of women who have given birth to low birth weight infants are poorly diversified, poorly varied, and poor in certain nutrients essential for a successful pregnancy and childbirth.
Selection criteria for yield in safflower (Charthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes under rainfed conditions
Authors: Koç H.
Published: September 2021

This research was conducted on 20 safflower genotypes and lasted 3 years (2014-2016) in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. The experiments were conducted in randomized block design with four replications. The relationships among yield 9 other traits in safflower genotypes were investigated. As the average of three years, the greatest seed yield (SY) was obtained from genotype G5 (PI 451952) with 3156.3 kg·ha-1. It was followed by genotypes G4 (PI 525458) and G9 (PI 306686) with 3013.2 and 2977.1 kg·ha-1, respectively. Among the standard cultivars, the greatest seed yield (2750.4 kg·ha-1) was obtained from the Dinçer cultivar. The greatest oil content (OC) was obtained from the genotype G11 (PI 537665) with 36.5%. It was followed by the genotypes G9 (PI 306686) (35.4%), G6 (PI 537598) (35.4%) and G14 (PI 560169) (35.3%). Oil contents varied between 29.1-36.5%. Yield-trait relationships were assessed through both correlation analysis and GT (Genotype by Trait) biplot analysis. Based on the results of the two approaches, plant height (PH), number of branches (NB), number of heads (NH) and thousand-seed weight (TSW) were identified as the most significant selection criteria for yield from safflower. The combined use of correlation and biplot analysis in the assessment of relationships among the traits improved the chance for success.
Análisis de la influencia del coeficiente de transferencia de calor en la caracterización de la transmitancia térmica de fachadas con el método termométrico
Authors: Bienvenido-Huertas David , Carretero-Ayuso Manuel Jesús , Rodríguez-Jiménez Carlos E. , Marín-García David , Moyano Juan
Published: September 2021

Caracterizar la transmitancia térmica de fachadas es uno de los pasos más importantes en los trabajos de auditoría energética. Para ello, existe una amplia variedad de métodos experimentales. Uno de los métodos de mayor utilización es el método termométrico. Sin embargo, existe una brecha de conocimiento en relación con el planteamiento de análisis de datos. Por este motivo, en este estudio se analizó la viabilidad de utilizar diferentes planteamientos para el método termométrico. Para ello, se analizaron 20 fachadas y se plantearon 9 formulaciones diferentes utilizando aproximaciones para el coeficiente total de transferencia de calor existentes en la literatura científica. Asimismo, se evaluaron dos planteamientos de análisis de datos (media aritmética de las medidas instantáneas, y media del sumatorio del numerador y del denominador), así como el filtrado de datos necesario de aplicar. Los resultados permitieron determinar la configuración de análisis más adecuada para aplicar el método.
Artificial Neural Network Research in Online Social Networks
Authors: Walczak Steven
Published: September 2021

Artificial neural networks are a machine learning method ideal for solving classification and prediction problems using Big Data. Online social networks and virtual communities provide a plethora of data. Artificial neural networks have been used to determine the emotional meaning of virtual community posts, determine age and sex of users, classify types of messages, and make recommendations for additional content. This article reviews and examines the utilization of artificial neural networks in online social network and virtual community research. An artificial neural network to predict the maintenance of online social network “friends” is developed to demonstrate the applicability of artificial neural networks for virtual community research.
Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization With Genetic Algorithm to Train Artificial Neural Networks for Short-Term Load Forecasting
Authors: Abeyrathna Kuruge Darshana , Jeenanunta Chawalit
Published: September 2021

This research proposes a new training algorithm for artificial neural networks (ANNs) to improve the short-term load forecasting (STLF) performance. The proposed algorithm overcomes the so-called training issue in ANNs, where it traps in local minima, by applying genetic algorithm operations in particle swarm optimization when it converges to local minima. The training ability of the hybridized training algorithm is evaluated using load data gathered by Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand. The ANN is trained using the new training algorithm with one-year data to forecast equal 48 periods of each day in 2013. During the testing phase, a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is used to evaluate performance of the hybridized training algorithm and compare them with MAPEs from Backpropagation, GA, and PSO. Yearly average MAPE and the average MAPEs for weekdays, Mondays, weekends, Holidays, and Bridging holidays show that PSO+GA algorithm outperforms other training algorithms for STLF.
Reconstruction of Missing Hourly Precipitation Data to Increase Training Data Set for ANN
Authors: Nagaraja Hema , Kant Krishna , Rajalakshmi K.
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the hourly precipitation estimation capacities of ANN using raw data and reconstructed data using proposed Precipitation Sliding Window Period (PSWP) method. The precipitation data from 11 Automatic Weather Station (AWS) of Delhi has been obtained from Jan 2015 to Feb 2016. The proposed PSWP method uses both time and space dimension to fill the missing precipitation values. Hourly precipitation follows patterns in particular period along with its neighbor stations. Based on these patterns of precipitation, Local Cluster Sliding Window Period (LCSWP) and Global Cluster Sliding Window Period (GCSWP) are defined for single AWS and all AWSs respectively. Further, GCSWP period is classified into four different categories to fill the missing precipitation data based on patterns followed in it. The experimental results indicate that ANN trained with reconstructed data has better estimation results than the ANN trained with raw data. The average RMSE for ANN trained with raw data is 0.44 and while that for neural network trained with reconstructed data is 0.34.
Role of Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Gait Parameters and Patterns
Authors: Sandhu Kamalpreet , Kamboj Vikram Kumar
Published: September 2021

Walking is very important exercise. Walking is characterized by gait. Gait defines the bipedal and forward propulsion of center of gravity of the human body. This chapter describes the role of artificial neural network (ANN) for prediction of gait parameters and patterns for human locomotion. The artificial neural network is a mathematical model. It is computational system inspired by the structure, processing method, and learning ability of a biological brain. According to bio-mechanics perspective, the neural system is utilized to check the non-direct connections between datasets. Also, ANN model in gait application is more desired than bio-mechanics strategies or statistical methods. It produces models of gait patterns, predicts horizontal ground reactions forces (GRF), vertical GRF, recognizes examples of stand, and predicts incline speed and distance of walking.
Infant Cry Recognition System
Authors: Mohammed Yosra Abdulaziz
Published: September 2021

Cries of infants can be seen as an indicator of pain. It has been proven that crying caused by pain, hunger, fear, stress, etc., show different cry patterns. The work presented here introduces a comparative study between the performance of two different classification techniques implemented in an automatic classification system for identifying two types of infants' cries, pain, and non-pain. The techniques are namely, Continuous Hidden Markov Models (CHMM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Two different sets of acoustic features were extracted from the cry samples, those are MFCC and LPCC, the feature vectors generated by each were eventually fed into the classification module for the purpose of training and testing. The results of this work showed that the system based on CDHMM have better performance than that based on ANN. CDHMM gives the best identification rate at 96.1%, which is much higher than 79% of ANN whereby in general the system based on MFCC features performed better than the one that utilizes LPCC features.
An Assessment of Imbalanced Control Chart Pattern Recognition by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Ünlü Ramazan
Published: September 2021

Manual detection of abnormality in control data is an annoying work which requires a specialized person. Automatic detection might be simpler and effective. Various methodologies such as ANN, SVM, Fuzzy Logic, etc. have been implemented into the control chart patterns to detect abnormal patterns in real time. In general, control chart data is imbalanced, meaning the rate of minority class (abnormal pattern) is much lower than the rate of normal class (normal pattern). To take this fact into consideration, authors implemented a weighting strategy in conjunction with ANN and investigated the performance of weighted ANN for several abnormal patterns, then compared its performance with regular ANN. This comparison is also made under different conditions, for example, abnormal and normal patterns are separable, partially separable, inseparable and the length of data is fixed as being 10,20, and 30 for each. Based on numerical results, weighting policy can better predict in some of the cases in terms of classifying samples belonging to minority class to the correct class.
Application of ANN and PSO Swarm Optimization for Optimization in Advanced Manufacturing
Authors: Dash Nehal , Debta Sanghamitra , Kumar Kaushik
Published: September 2021

CNC lathe is one of the best machining techniques which provides us with better accuracy and precision. Considering speed, feed and depth of cut as inputs and among all possible outputs, in the present work Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness would be considered as the factors those affect the quality, machining time and cost of machining. Design of experiments (DOE) would be carried out in order to minimize the number of experiments. In the later stages application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) would be used for the Optimization in the advanced manufacturing considering CNC lathe. The obtained output would be minimized (for surface roughness) and maximized (for MRR) using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The combination of various input parameters for the same would be identified and a comparison would be drawn with the various above methods.
Prediction of Water Level Using Time Series, Wavelet and Neural Network Approaches
Authors: Dat Nguyen Quang , Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen , Solanki Vijender Kumar , Le An Ngo
Published: September 2021

To control water resources in many domains such as agriculture, flood forecasting, and hydro-electrical dams, forecasting water level needs to predict. In this article, a new computational approach using a data driven model and time series is proposed to calculate the forecast water level in short time. Concretely, wavelet-artificial neural network (WAANN) and time series (TS) are combined together called WAANN-TS that encourages the advantage of each model. For this real time project work, Yen Bai station, Northwest Vietnam was chosen as an experimental case study to apply the proposed model. Input variables into the Wavelet-ANN structure is water level data. Time series and ANN models are built, and their performances are compared. The results indicate the greater accuracy of the proposed models at Hanoi station. The final proposal WAANN−TS for water level forecasting shows good performance with root mean square error (RMSE) from 10−10 to 10−11.
Dead Sea Water Levels Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks and Firefly Algorithm
Authors: Hamadneh Nawaf N.
Published: September 2021

In this study, the performance of adaptive multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) for predicting the Dead Sea water level is discussed. Firefly Algorithm (FFA), as an optimization algorithm is used for training the neural networks. To propose the MLPNN-FFA model, Dead Sea water levels over the period 1810–2005 are applied to train MLPNN. Statistical tests evaluate the accuracy of the hybrid MLPNN-FFA model. The predicted values of the proposed model were compared with the results obtained by another method. The results reveal that the artificial neural network (ANN) models exhibit high accuracy and reliability for the prediction of the Dead Sea water levels. The results also reveal that the Dead Sea water level would be around -450 until 2050.
Applying Neural Networks for Modeling of Financial Assets
Authors: Averchenko Dmitry , Aldyrev Artem
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to develop an analytical system for forecasting prices of financial assets with the use of artificial neural networks technology. Proposed by the authors, the analytical system consists of several neural networks, each of which makes the forecast of financial assets prices. The system includes recurrence (with feedback) neural networks with sigmoidal activation formula. This allows the networks to “remember” a sequence of reactions to the same stimulus. The learning process of neural networks is performed using an algorithm of back propagation of error. The key parameters of forecast for this analytical system are the indicators presented by the terminal MetaTrader 4-broker Forex Club: Average Directional и Movement Index; Bollinger Bands; Envelopes; Ichimoku Kinko Hyo; Moving Average; Parabolic SAR; Standard Deviation; Average True Range; and others.
Development of Avatar-Based Models and Tools for People With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Ghougassian Dalar
Published: September 2021

The chapter is about development of consciousness, emotion, motivation, and level of aspiration, with the ways that people react to the psychological, traumatic experience caused by the gradual realization of incapacity. Some people with an intellectual disability are capable of learning together with normally-developing peers if provided with special support; however, there are others who will need an individual education program adapted to their capabilities. The most important focus in working with such students is the individual approach with regard to the specific mentality and health of each person. Such an approach can be achieved through instructional methods like avatar-based learning as the improved development of project-based learning.
Visual Gesture-Based Character Recognition Systems for Design of Assistive Technologies for People With Special Necessities
Authors: Choudhury Ananya , Sarma Kandarpa Kumar
Published: September 2021

In the present scenario, around 15% of the world's population experience some form of disability. So, there has been an enormous increase in the demand for assistive techniques for overcoming the restraints faced by people with physical impairments. More recently, gesture-based character recognition (GBCR) has emerged as an assistive tool of immense importance, especially for facilitating the needs of persons with special necessities. Such GBCR systems serve as a powerful mediator for communication among people having hearing and speech impairments. They can also serve as a rehabilitative aid for people with motor disabilities who cannot write with pen on paper, or face difficulty in using common human-machine interactive (HMI) devices. This chapter provides a glimpse of disability prevalence around the globe and particularly in India, emphasizes the importance of learning-based GBCR systems in practical education of differently-abled children, and highlights the novel research contributions made in this field.
Design Thinking for Technology Supporting Individuals With Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Developing Countries
Authors: Budree Adheesh , Kathard Harsha
Published: September 2021

This research is concerned with analysing the value of using participatory design, and in particular the design thinking methodology, as a basis for the participative development of interfacing technology for use by individuals with neuro-developmental disorders, with a particular focus on developing economies with restrictions in budget and know-how. It becomes crucial as our knowledge expands to ensure that tools developed to assist individuals with neurological disorders to live a full and independent life are designed in conjunction with the users concerned. Inclusive design, however, is not limited to the technology itself, but rather taking into account the individual as well as the wider community in the design. Design needs to also be based in social accessibility to counter stigmas and ableism views. This study found that design thinking has proven to be an effective framework for involving individuals with neuro-developmental disorders to come up with solutions that address their needs and should be used in future implementations in order to assess the results.
Case Study Analysis of an Adaptive Academic School Service Delivery Model With Multiple Disabilities/Handicapped Students
Authors: Epler Pam L.
Published: September 2021

This chapter focuses on multiple disability (MD) or multiple handicapped (MH) students. Being considered equal to their grade- and age-level peers is essential for MD/MH students. Thus, in this chapter, use of the adaptive academic service delivery model with MD/MH students is examined through a case study within a junior and high school setting. This chapter includes a discussion about the causes and characteristics, the educational placement and instructional strategies, and the eligibility criteria for students with multiple disabilities or multiple handicaps. The chapter concludes with a discussion about future trends for MD/MH students and service providers.
A Restrictive Humanitarian Policy and the Wellbeing of the Disabled in Disasters in Kisumu County
Authors: Masakhwe Phitalis Were , Onkware Kennedy , Kilonzo Susan
Published: September 2021

This paper explores how PWD's well-being is realized in disaster situations in Kisumu County of Kenya. There is a significant population of 15,760 persons with disability across Kisumu County. Their well-being is protected by the international humanitarian policy. At the national level, the well-being of persons with disability is taken care of in the Disability Act 2003 and the National Disability Policy. Despite existence of a humanitarian policy framework, the well-being of the disabled is compromised in disaster situations within Kisumu County. The humanitarian policy framework limits humanitarian action to response, which compromises the well-being of PWD. The study employed semi-structured questionnaire instruments to gather information on humanitarian policies applicable to PWD in disaster context. From the key findings, the study concludes that the international humanitarian policies as well as national humanitarian policies are restrictive in nature. The policy lacks enforcement and implementation mechanisms to support the wellbeing of persons with disability in disasters.
Changing Socio-Cultural Models and Policy Programs in Rehabilitation of Persons With Communication Disorders
Authors: Venkatesan Srinivasan
Published: September 2021

The history of rehabilitation of communication disorder has journeyed from magical-religious conceptualizations through biological-medical approaches to the contemporary rights-based paradigm, wherein the person-in-environment is emphasized. The understanding of its nature and characteristics, classification, etiology, treatment, social perception, and practices, including law-making about the affected persons, have all moved in tandem with the temper of the times. This chapter attempts to outline the salient course of these changes under two sections: (1) changing models and paradigms and (2) impacts on policy programs in areas of health, education, economy, housing, and social security with special reference to the Indian sub-continent. Illustrative domains of social change in areas of education are specifically highlighted with appropriate case vignettes. The endnote raises oncoming challenges, issues, and problems related to communication disorders in the emergent dynamic socio-cultural matrix for generation next parents and children.
Employing Disability Simulations and Virtual Reality Technology to Foster Cognitive and Affective Empathy Towards Individuals With Disabilities
Authors: Silton Nava R. , Fontanilla Edrex , Femia Marisa , Rouse Kathryn
Published: September 2021

The chapter will begin by defining empathy and theory of mind (ToM), key constructs for showcasing the importance of simulations and immersive experiences to help typical children better understand the lived experiences of individuals with disabilities. The authors will delineate strengths and limitations associated with Autism, ADHD, Visual, Hearing and Physical Impairment. Next, the chapter will introduce Affect/Effort Theory to demonstrate how formulating positive expectancies of individuals with disabilities will be critical to interest typical children in their peers with disabilities. Moreover, the chapter will highlight the strengths, limitations and best practices for optimizing VRT and disability simulations to enhance typical children's knowledge, intentions and attitudes towards peers with disabilities. Finally, the authors will share qualitative data from a pilot disability simulation of eight children in third through sixth grade from a Camp in Liberty, NY. The results will be discussed in light of future possibilities for effective VRT-based disability simulations.
Software for Creating Self-Made Content With Multimedia-Enabled Dot Codes and Gifted School Activities for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Ikuta Shigeru , Yoshida Akane , Ishitobi Ryoichi , Kudo Mao , Sekine Megumi , Yamashita Satsuki , Edagawa Yusuke , Edagawa Tomomi , Abe Shinya
Published: September 2021

Gifted school activities for students with various disabilities were presented with self-made original content created with newly-developed software—Sound Linker, File Linker, GM Authoring Tool, and Gridmark Content Viewer software—that can handle multimedia-enabled dot codes, originally developed by Gridmark, Inc. Each dot codes can link up to four multimedia mediums—such as a movie—in addition to up to four voices/sounds. Touching dot codes with a speaking-pen enables audio files to be replayed, and touching dot codes with a dot-code reader enables multimedia to be replayed on iOS and Windows OS devices. Software and Post-it® sticker icon overlaid with dot codes and a speaking-pen and dot-code reader are distributed for free to school teachers. All the teachers can now create their own self-made original content and can conduct related school activities without buying any costly software and tools. Basic information on (1) creating original teaching materials using the developed software and (2) its use in schools for students with various difficulties is presented in this chapter.
Abilities Before Disabilities
Authors: Oakley Miranda
Published: September 2021

This chapter will discuss the importance of inclusion for all students in and outside of the classroom from the author's experiences in the K-16 educational systems as a blind student. Her chapter will offer personal examples of the negative impact exclusion and ableism can have on a person with a disability. Additionally, she will recount instances of inclusion that have shaped who she is. This chapter will offer advice for educators on how to ensure social justice for students with disabilities so that it is central in their classroom pedagogy.
Fostering Daily Life Skills in Young and Older Adults With Neurodegenerative Diseases Through Technological Supports
Authors: Stasolla Fabrizio , Bottiroli Sara
Published: September 2021

Persons with neurodegenerative diseases may have behavioral, cognitive, emotional, motor, and social impairments due to their clinical conditions. The objective of this article is to provide the reader with the newest empirical contributions available and a comprehensive critical overview on the use of assistive technology-based interventions and virtual reality-mediated setups to assess and recover individuals with neurodegenerative diseases. A literature overview was carried out. Thirty-one studies published along last decade were selected. The retained studies overall recruited 438 participants. Four categories of studies were identified, namely (1) recovering of functional and physical activities, (2) communication abilities, (3) leisure and recreation, and (4) virtual reality. AT-based interventions were effective and suitable to promote adaptive behaviors of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. VR setups were helpful to assess and recover persons with neurodegenerative disorders.
Intervention Services for a Child With Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Keller-Bell Yolanda D.
Published: September 2021

This chapter will focus on providing intervention services for an eight-year-old African-American female, Dawn, with multiple disabilities. Dawn has been diagnosed with Down syndrome, a comorbid diagnosis of an intellectual disability, and exhibits behavior problems at home and school. In this scenario, she has been evaluated within the school system to determine eligibility for services, and the speech-language pathologist needs to develop intervention goals and select therapy strategies to provide appropriate services. While both parents are involved in the child's care, the family does not have permanent housing and moves frequently. Information from actual cases has been incorporated into this chapter.
Stress and Anxiety Among Parents of Children With Communication Disorders
Authors: Naniwadekar Kadambari
Published: September 2021

Parenting is a wonderful and rewarding experience, but in the case of parents of children with communication disorder, this experience is often accompanied with high levels of stress, due to difficulties, frustrations, and challenges that these parents face in everyday life. This chapter was carried out to find the status of stress in parents of children with communication disorder and also to find the levels of stress among mothers as well as fathers, and the level of support system available. The results revealed that most of the parents experience stress and anxiety in bringing up their child with communication disorder, although the stress being more in the mothers. Gender of the child also played a crucial role in determining the levels of stress. The results highlighted the fact that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder have a higher level of stress followed by parents of children with intellectual disability, multiple disability, and hearing impairment.
Mothers as Advocates of Social Inclusion for Children With Communication Disorders
Authors: Wickremesooriya Shalini Felicity
Published: September 2021

Social inclusion is based on acceptance and belonging irrespective of any status, disability, or disadvantage. The ability to communicate empowers humans in their quest for social inclusion. However, children challenged by communication disorders struggle to form friendships and make inroads into social groups. Mothers, the primary caregivers in most instances, with their intimate knowledge of their children, are considered the best advocates. This study set out to identify strategies that mothers engage in to pave the way for successful social inclusion of children with communication disorders. An online survey was conducted in different geographical locations. Mothers with children aged 6-13 years who had received speech therapy or are currently receiving speech therapy were invited to participate. Data were analyzed using a mixed methods approach. Outcomes suggest that all mothers believe in social inclusion despite facing a range of inclusion and exclusionary practices. Undeterred by these responses, mothers advocate for social inclusion by engaging in a range of strategies.
Benefits and Risks Associated With Use of Social Media by People With Health Issues
Authors: Imai Tatsuya
Published: September 2021

Previous studies have found that individuals with various health issues use social media for various purposes. Social media help them obtain support from other users and manage identity. However, past research also pointed out risks and challenges associated with the use of social media by those with health issues. One of the risks is stigmatization they could experience when using social media. Even though previous studies revealed serious issues related to stigma in face-to-face settings, the negative effects of stigmatization on social media are left unexplored. To facilitate research on the issues, first, this chapter reviews past works focusing on the use of social media by those with various health issues. Next, previous studies on stigma associated with these illnesses and disabilities are reviewed. Finally, this chapter proposes future directions of research on the issues.
The Transculturalized Diversity and Inclusion Model
Authors: Thoms Charlotte L. V. , Burton Sharon L.
Published: September 2021

While the transculturalized diversity and inclusion (TD&I) model is a contemporaneous strategy for leadership and learning, it is the latest of the existing disability study models. This chapter reviews the development of the TD&I model from the leadership perspective to study arguments, experiences, and to investigate how this information apprises the construction and exercise of transcultural consciousness, expertise, know-how, traditions, determinations, happenstances, objectives, agreement, and learning. This exploration focuses on the implementation of the model and survey results as this transculturalized model is reasoned the appropriate tool to expose how different backgrounds can be utilized in achievement to blend variability, variation, and diversity into unity. Beginning with the initial conceptual frameworks, and the results of the data, this research details the TD&I model and how to implement it in today's environment of activating change and transformation. This information adds to the body of knowledge regarding disability, strategy, diversity, and inclusion for academics, practitioners, and learners.
Organizational-Cultural Elements for Improved Workplace Performance of Disabled Individuals
Authors: Sakız Halis
Published: September 2021

This chapter embarks from the increasing number of disabled individuals in private companies and public institutions and examines the working conditions of disabled employees in these organizations. Although this case is relevant to a considerable number of international contexts, the author focuses on Turkey as a case, illustrative of countries going through similar processes. The author starts by providing an introduction followed by literature on organizational culture. Next, the author discusses the recent legislation regarding the employment of disabled individuals and discusses with literature on their workplace performance. Next, the author focuses on the relationships between the organizational culture and workplace performance of disabled employees. Finally, the author concludes by recommendations for future practice to enhance performance of disabled employees and future research to conduct robust studies in the area. The chapter assumes that organizations can enhance performance of everyone by creating an inclusive culture surrounded by elements involving positive attitudes, equity, equality, and beliefs of productivity.
Technological Solutions for Helping Adaptive Responding of Children with Severe to Profound Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Perilli Viviana , Stasolla Fabrizio , Boccasini Adele
Published: September 2021

This article provides the reader with a literature overview of the newest empirical evidences available on the use of assistive technology-based programs for teaching and improving adaptive responding of children with severe to profound developmental disabilities. Four main categories of studies were selected, regarding (a) the technology for promoting independent access to positive stimulation, (b) the combination between microswitch and VOCA aimed at asking for social contact with a caregiver, (c) the cluster technology for increasing an adaptive response, and simultaneously reducing a challenging behavior, (d) the technology for requesting and choosing desired item or the access to the literacy. Overall, 26 studies were reviewed, and 75 participants were involved. The outcomes were largely positive, although few failures occurred. Psychological and Rehabilitative implications of the findings for both research and clinical practices were critically discussed
Disability and Careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Authors: Fell Elena Vladimirovna , Lukianova Natalia Aleksandrovna , Kapilevich Leonid Vladimirovich
Published: September 2021

According to official statistical data, people with disabilities are underrepresented in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) occupations and students with disabilities are underrepresented in STEM degree courses. This chapter surveys official reports produced by British and American authorities, as well as a number of media sources, in order to substantiate this claim. The authors' aim is to uncover the reasons behind disabled students being underrepresented in STEM courses and to sketch the vision for the future of disabled young people who may be interested in perusing careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
Education 3.0
Authors: Borden Jeff D.
Published: September 2021

Bestselling organizational, behavioral, and academic authors such as Dan Pink, Peter Senge, John Medina, Clayton Christensen, and dozens more illustrate that despite research-based, proven actions regarding organizational, managerial, and strategic planning best practices as well as innovative thinking that is impactful or efficacious, organizations continue to employ behaviors that are dysfunctional, ineffective, and lead to poor outcomes. Some of these same authors amongst others point out that this is as true in higher education as any sector. But while other industries are primed for innovative solutioning to these issues, education employs systems and processes that prohibit transformation. Reaching Education 3.0, meaning to leverage the best learning practices through the confluence of neuroscience, research-based learning design, and educational technology, will require innovative strategies and practices. The question is whether colleges and universities can push through existing, dysfunctional infrastructure and move forward to help students learn, succeed, and thrive.
Creating the Intelligent Learning Space
Authors: Moid Sana
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the roots of every economy and completely transformed the way every industry functions including the education sector. The education sector completely adopted the remote teaching concept thereby connecting educators and students through technology. The present study aims at understanding that how Education 4.0 has helped in creating an intelligent learning space aligned with disruptive technologies for developing and enhancing education with learners at the center and further how this has facilitated remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. For the purpose of study, secondary sources of data including research papers and news articles based on the similar themes were referred. Education 4.0 has completely transformed the way the education sector functions by putting the learner at the center and making the entire process student-centric where the learner will decide what they want to study rather than putting a predefined syllabus in front of them. The intelligent learning space is created through the application of emerging technologies.