bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progress towards creating optically addressable molecular qubits
Authors: Fataftah Majed S. , Freedman Danna E.
Published: November 2018

Synthetic chemistry offers tremendous promise for the creation of the next generation of quantum information science systemsviabottom-up design.
Co-crystal synthesis: fact, fancy, and great expectations
Authors: Gunawardana C. A. , Aakeröy C. B.
Published: November 2018

Some strategies for driving co-crystal synthesis using a variety of competing non-covalent interactions are presented.
Synthesis of highly-soluble push–pull perylenemonoimide derivatives by regioselective peri-functionalization for switchable memory applications
Authors: Sahoo Dhananjaya , Sharma Vikas , Roy Rupam , Varghese Nonu , Mohanta Kallol , Koner Apurba Lal
Published: November 2018

A regioselective synthetic protocol is developed via tetrabromination of perylenemonoimide (PMI) which leads to a series of PMI derivatives.
Opportunities and challenges in energy and electron transfer of nanocluster based hybrid materials and their sensing applications
Authors: Bain Dipankar , Maity Subarna , Patra Amitava
Published: November 2018

This feature article highlights the recent advances of luminescent metal nanoclusters (MNCs) for their potential applications in healthcare and energy-related materials because of their high photosensitivity, thermal stability, low toxicity, and biocompatibility.
The effect of nanoconfinement on the glass transition temperature of ionic liquids
Authors: Zuo Yuchen , Zhang Yuanzhong , Huang Rundong , Min Younjin
Published: November 2018

This work is concerned with investigating the glass transition behavior of ionic liquids as a function of nanoconfinement.
Catalytic use of layered materials for fine chemical syntheses
Authors: Ötvös Sándor B. , Pálinkó István , Fülöp Ferenc
Published: November 2018

The present work reviews the catalytic use of layered solid materials for fine chemical syntheses with focus on layered double hydroxides, but including other classes of layered compounds of catalytic relevance.
[Ge(TenBu)4] – a single source precursor for the chemical vapour deposition of germanium telluride thin films
Authors: Hawken Samantha L. , Huang Ruomeng , de Groot C. H. (Kees) , Hector Andrew L. , Jura Marek , Levason William , Reid Gillian , Stenning Gavin B. G.
Published: November 2018

Reaction of activated germanium with nBu2Te2 in THF solution was shown to be more effective for the preparation of the germanium(iv) tellurolate compound, [Ge(TenBu)4], than reaction of GeCl4 with LiTenBu in THF.
Theoretical studies on Rh(iii)-catalyzed regioselective C–H bond cyanation of indole and indoline
Authors: Deng Chao , Sun Yingxin , Ren Yi , Zhang Weihua
Published: November 2018

Density functional theory calculations were carried out to study the reaction mechanism of the Rh(iii)-catalyzed regioselective C–H cyanation of indole and indoline with N-cyano-N-phenyl-para-methylbenzenesulfonamide (NCTS).
Anti-Markovnikov terminal and gem-olefin hydrosilylation using a κ4-diimine nickel catalyst: selectivity for alkene hydrosilylation over ether C–O bond cleavage
Authors: Rock Christopher L. , Trovitch Ryan J.
Published: November 2018

The hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes, allyl ethers, and gem-olefins has been demonstrated using (Ph2PPrDI)Ni between 25 and 70 °C.
Sample pre-concentration on a digital microfluidic platform for rapid AMR detection in urine
Authors: Kalsi Sumit , Valiadi Martha , Turner Carrie , Sutton Mark , Morgan Hywel
Published: November 2018

There is a growing need for rapid diagnostic methods to support stewardship of antibiotics.
Single-step fluorescence recognition of As3+, Nd3+ and Br− using pyrene-linked calix[4]arene: application to real samples, computational modelling and paper-based device
Authors: Sutariya Pinkesh G. , Soni Heni , Gandhi Sahaj A. , Pandya Alok
Published: November 2018

A new fluorescence sensor has been synthesized for its selective recognition of As3+ (11.53 nM), Nd3+ (0.65 nM) and Br− (11.25 nM).
Hot injection synthesis of CuInS2 nanocrystals using metal xanthates and their application in hybrid solar cells
Authors: Perner Verena , Rath Thomas , Pirolt Franz , Glatter Otto , Wewerka Karin , Letofsky-Papst Ilse , Zach Peter , Hobisch Mathias , Kunert Birgit , Trimmel Gregor
Published: November 2018

Copper indium sulfide nanocrystals with sizes of 3–4 nm were synthesized from metal xanthates in a hot injection reaction. After ligand exchange, their performance as acceptors in polymer/nanocrystal hybrid solar cells was evaluated.
Phenyl-γ-valerolactones and phenylvaleric acids, the main colonic metabolites of flavan-3-ols: synthesis, analysis, bioavailability, and bioactivity
Authors: Mena Pedro , Bresciani Letizia , Brindani Nicoletta , Ludwig Iziar A. , Pereira-Caro Gema , Angelino Donato , Llorach Rafael , Calani Luca , Brighenti Furio , Clifford Michael N. , Gill Chris I. R. , Crozier Alan , Curti Claudio , Del Rio Daniele
Published: November 2018

This review focuses on several key aspects related to the main group of phenolic metabolites in circulation.
Asymmetric synthesis of highly functionalized spirothiazolidinone tetrahydroquinolines via a squaramide-catalyzed cascade reaction
Authors: Song Yong-Xing , Du Da-Ming
Published: November 2018

A bifunctional squaramide-catalyzed asymmetric cascade aza-Michael/Michael addition reaction for the synthesis of chiral spirothiazolidinone tetrahydroquinolines with three contiguous stereocenters has been developed.
Correction: Investigating student and staff perceptions of students' experiences in teaching laboratories through the lens of meaningful learning
Authors: George-Williams Stephen R. , Karis Dimitri , Ziebell Angela L. , Kitson Russell R. A. , Coppo Paolo , Schmid Siegbert , Thompson Christopher D. , Overton Tina L.
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘Investigating student and staff perceptions of students' experiences in teaching laboratories through the lens of meaningful learning’ by Stephen R. George-Williams et al., Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8rp00188j.
The role of the interleukin (IL)-6/IL-6 receptor axis in cancer
Authors: Taher Mustafa Yassin , Davies David Marc , Maher John
Published: November 2018

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that activates a classic signalling pathway upon binding to its membrane-bound receptor (IL-6R). Alternatively, IL-6 may ‘trans-signal’ in a manner that is facilitated by its binding to a soluble derivative of the IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R). Resultant signal transduction is, respectively, driven by the association of IL-6/IL-6R or IL-6/sIL-6R complex with the membrane-associated signal transducer, gp130 (Glycoprotein 130). Distinct JAK (Janus tyrosine kinase)/STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) and other signalling pathways are activated as a consequence. Of translational relevance, overexpression of IL-6 has been documented in several neoplastic disorders, including but not limited to colorectal, ovarian and breast cancer and several haematological malignancies. This review attempts to summarise our current understanding of the role of IL-6 in cancer development. In short, these studies have shown important roles for IL-6 signalling in tumour cell growth and survival, angiogenesis, immunomodulation of the tumour microenvironment, stromal cell activation, and ultimate disease progression. Given this background, we also consider the potential for therapeutic targeting of this system in cancer.
Properties of small meteoroids studied by meteor video observations
Authors: Vojáček V. , Borovička J. , Koten P. , Spurný P. , Štork R.
Published: November 2018

Aims. The complex study of millimetre-sized meteoroids can reveal more about the structure and origin of population of these meteoroids.

Methods. Double-station video observations, paired with spectroscopic video observations, were used to study small meteoroids. In total 152 sporadic and shower meteors of maximum brightness between magnitude −5 and +3 were analysed. Spectral classification was based on time-integrated intensities of lines of Na, Mg, and Fe. Meteor light curves and deceleration were fitted by the grain erosion model. Heliocentric orbits of all meteors were computed. Monochromatic light curves were constructed in order to study differential ablation. The length of meteor wakes was evaluated as well.

Results. The variety of properties among millimetre-sized meteoroids proved different sources and histories of this material. Meteoroids that contain small grains tend to release their sodium early. For given grain sizes, the sodium in Na-poor meteoroids is released earlier than in meteors without sodium depletion. Overall, meteoroids with sodium depletion are revealed to have different structures: they have stronger material without very small grains and they do not show very bright wakes. Two iron meteoroids on Halley-type orbits were observed, thereby supporting the idea of large-scale mixing of material in the early solar system. The distribution of grain sizes of Jupiter-family members was in good agreement with results from the COSIMA instrument on the ROSETTA probe.
Effects of environment on sSFR profiles of late-type galaxies in the CALIFA survey
Authors: Coenda Valeria , Mast Damián , Martínez Héctor J. , Muriel Hernán , Merchán Manuel E.
Published: November 2018

Aims. We explore the effects of environment on star formation in late-type galaxies by studying the dependence of the radial profiles of specific star formation rate (sSFR) on environment and the stellar mass, using a sample of 275 late-type galaxies drawn from the CALIFA survey.

Methods. We consider three different discrete environments: field galaxies, galaxies in pairs, and galaxies in groups, with stellar masses 9 ≤ log(M⋆/M⊙) ≤ 12, and compare their sSFR profiles across the environments.

Results. Our results suggest that the stellar mass is the main factor determining the sSFR profiles of late-type galaxies; the influence of AGNs and bars are secondary. We find that the relative size of the bulge plays a key role in depressing star formation towards the center of late-type galaxies. The group environment determines clear differences in the sSFR profiles of galaxies. We find evidence of an outside-in action upon galaxies with stellar masses 9 ≤ log(M⋆/M⊙) ≤ 10 in groups. We find a much stronger suppression of star formation in the inner regions of massive galaxies in groups, which may be an indication of a different merger history.
Prospective THz Gyrotrons for High-Field Magneto-Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Bratman V.L. , Fedotov A.E. , Kalynov Yu.K. , Manuilov V.N.
Published: November 2018

A high-harmonic Large Orbit Gyrotron and a low-voltage gyrotrino placed inside a spectrometer cryomagnet enable greatly simplify terahertz systems for magneto-resonance spectrometers. Large Orbit Gyrotrons provide a powerful third-harmonic generation at frequencies of 1 THz and 0.394 THz in pulsed and CW regimes, respectively, at significantly lower magnetic fields than conventional gyrotrons. According to simulations the gyrotrino with the voltage of 1.5 kV and frequency of 0.264 THz can generate a power of tens of watts; a possibility to operate at such a low voltage is demonstrated in the existing gyrotron with three-electrode magnetron-injection gun.
Update: Infektiöse Komplikationen der
Peritonealdialyse
Authors: Kitterer Daniel
Published: November 2018

Infektiöse Komplikationen stellen weiterhin eine wichtige Komplikation der
Peritonealdialyse (PD) dar. Durch technische Entwicklungen der letzten
Jahrzehnte sind heutzutage Peritonitisraten möglich, die unter 0,5 Ereignissen
pro Jahr (kleiner als 1 Ereignis pro 24 Monate) liegen. Die Vermeidung von
Exit-site-Infektionen und die perioperative Single-Shot-Antibiotikagabe stellen
weitere Möglichkeiten dar, um Peritonitiden bei PD-Patienten zu vermeiden. Bei
der Antibiotikaauswahl müssen lokale Resistenzen sowie koagulasenegative
Staphylokokken mit Methicillin-/Oxacillinresistenz beachtet werden. Gramnegative
Keime mit Resistenzen gegen Cephalosporine stellen weiterhin erfreulicherweise
eine Ausnahme dar. Sollten solche Keime zu einer Peritonitis führen, kommen
Carbapeneme intraperitoneal als Alternative in Frage.
Maier-Kolumne – Zwischen den Jahren
Authors: Maier Ulrike
Published: November 2018

Die Weihnachtszeit ist eine schöne Zeit. Alles ist da ein wenig anders, auch in Physiotherapiepraxen. Viele Mitarbeiter haben Urlaub, der Praxisbetrieb jedoch muss weiterlaufen. Auch in der Praxis von Frau Maier geschieht zu dieser Zeit allerhand Kurioses. Nur gut, dass die Therapeutin genug Nervennahrung hat. Denn die wird sie brauchen.
Primary adenocarcinoma arising in esophageal colon interposition for corrosive esophageal injury: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: De Moura Diogo , Ribeiro Igor , Coronel Martin , De Moura Eduardo , Carvalho Joana , Baba Elisa , De Moura Eduardo
Published: November 2018

Background and study aims Colon interposition for benign strictures is associated with significant perioperative complications that carry high morbidity and mortality. Although rarely reported in the literature, adenocarcinoma can occur as a late complication in an interposed colonic segment. We report a case of a late-stage adenocarcinoma in a colonic interposition performed for benign esophageal stricture.
Biokompatible Peritonealdialyselösungen
Authors: Vychytil Andreas
Published: November 2018

Durch langzeitige intraperitoneale Anwendung von Glukoselösungen treten bei
PD-Patienten (PD: Peritonealdialyse) morphologische und funktionelle Schäden an
der Peritonealmembran auf. Es gibt keine eindeutige Evidenz, dass PD-Lösungen
mit alternativen osmotischen Substanzen (Icodextrin, Aminosäuren) langfristig
einen günstigen Einfluss auf peritonealeSchäden bei chronischen PD-Patienten
haben. Dennoch ist die klinische Bedeutung von icodextrinhaltigen PD-Lösungen
zur Optimierung des Salz- und Wasserhaushaltes uneingeschränkt. In rezenten
Metaanalysen haben Low-GDP-Lösungen (GDP: Glukosedegradationsprodukte) harte
Endpunkte wie Peritonitis und technisches Versagen nicht signifikant
beeinflusst. Dennoch weisen einzelne kleinere Studien und Kohortenstudien darauf
hin, dass diese Lösungen morphologische Schäden der Peritonealmembran
reduzieren. Alanyl-Glutamin als Zusatz zur PD-Lösung hat in ersten klinischen
Studien zu membranprotektiven, immunmodulatorischen und antiinflammatorischen
Effekten geführt. Klinische Studien mit längerer Beobachtungszeit müssen zeigen,
ob dies auch mit einer verbesserten Peritonitisrate, einem verbesserten
technischen Überleben und/oder Überleben von PD-Patienten assoziiert ist.
Baicalin Induces Apoptotic Death of Human Chondrosarcoma Cells through Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Zhu Minyu , Ying Jinwei , Lin Chaowei , Wang Yu , Huang Kelun , Zhou Yang , Teng Honglin
Published: November 2018

The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxic and antitumour effects of baicalin in human chondrosarcoma both in vivo and in vitro. We examined the effects of baicalin on the growth and apoptosis of human chondrosarcoma cells. Baicalin inhibited the growth of SW1353 and CH2879 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but did not inhibit the growth of normal chondrocytes. Baicalin reduced tumour growth and induced apoptotic death in SW1353-transplanted nude mice without reducing their body weight. Further studies showed that baicalin reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated the expression of Bax and cytoplasmic cytochrome c, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and mitochondrial cytochromes, and activated caspase-3 and caspase-9. Baicalin inhibited the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway by decreasing the expression of phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase, phosphorylated protein kinase B, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the mice that received SC79 and baicalin exhibited a greater tumour size compared with the mice that received baicalin. The mice that received LY294002 and baicalin showed a smaller tumour size compared with the mice that received baicalin. In the in vitro study, SC79 and LY294002 affected the baicalin-induced cytotoxic effects on chondrosarcoma cells in the same manner. Our data suggest baicalin has therapeutic efficacy in human chondrosarcoma through the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Baicalin can be considered a potential therapeutic agent for treating chondrosarcomas.
Microwave-Assisted Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazoles: Ammonia as a Cheap and Nontoxic Nitrogen Source
Authors: Ke Fang , Zhang Peng , Xu Yiwen , Lin Xiaoyan , Lin Jin , Lin Chen , Xu Jianhua
Published: November 2018

An efficient and convenient Ni-catalyzed C–N bond formation for the synthesis of various benzimidazoles from various 2-haloanilines, aldehydes, and ammonia in a concise manner is reported. This protocol uses commercially available, nonhazardous, clean ammonia as a reaction partner instead of other nitrogen sources. Benzimidazoles, as the sole products, were obtained in high to excellent yields (up to 95%).
Effect of Anomeric Configuration on Stereocontrolled α-Glycosylation of l-Fucose
Authors: Cai Chao , Wang Lihao , Fan Fei , Wu Haotian , Gao Lei , Zhang Ping , Sun Tiantian , Yang Chendong , Yu Guangli
Published: November 2018

In this letter, we report an approach to the stereoselective α-glycosylation of l-fucose that is exemplified by effect of anomeric configuration. The neighboring group participation is not compatible with α-glycosylation of l-fucose, therefore the remote participation by 4-O-Bz was employed to control the formation of 1,2-cis-glycosidic bond. Furthermore, we found the anomeric configuration of fucose donor is crucial to stereoselectivity of the glycosylated products. The α/β-mixed products were generated by using β-anomeric donor while the glycosyl donor in α configuration yielded products in high α-selectivity possibly due to the distinct pathway to forming the key intermediates. This phenomenon supplies the basis for the synthesis of complicated natural carbohydrates containing fucose α-glycoside, such as fucoidans, fucosylated N-glycans, and fucosylated chondroitin sulfates, etc.
Alternatives to the venting of natural gas: Adsorbed Natural Gas (ANG) gas capture
Authors: Judd Rob , Brown Martin , Law Chiew Yen , Van Lam You , Hicks Ray
Published: November 2018

With growing concerns about environmental emissions, the natural gas industry is taking the lead in developing greater understanding of leakage and venting from natural gas systems. Emissions of natural gas from gas transmission networks originate from a number of sources including infrastructure failure, operational/process venting, and fugitive leakage from pipeline equipment.
Process venting and maintenance operations often result in significant emissions to the atmosphere. National Grid Gas Transmission has developed a project with GL Noble Denton to investigate and develop technological options to reduce venting of natural gas.
One technology developed for gas capture from venting operations is ANG. Here, a storage vessel is filled with a suitable adsorbent material. Activated carbon's large micropore volume and its ability to form densely packed beds make it a suitable adsorbent. When filled to the same pressure, the energy density will be greater than that of the same vessel without the adsorbent. At 35 bar pipeline pressure, ANG can store about half the amount of compressed natural gas at 200 barg.
The operation of gas transmission network compressor sites means they vent gas in an unpredictable manner, responding to overall system demands and network flows. Techno-economic analysis has shown the lowest carbon footprint and best economic viability is by using ANG technology. Captured gas can be reused in a variety of downstream applications.
Other benefits of ANG include safer, lower operating pressures compared with compressed natural gas (CNG), reduced environmental impact, design flexibility, and lower capital and operating costs.
Australia's resource sector supply chain: prospects and policy
Authors: Dean John , Wall Garry , Parker Kate
Published: November 2018

This extended abstract identifies potential strengths in the resources sector supply chain, with particular reference to the oil and gas sector. It identifies areas of strength in the supply chain, particularly in fields such as geotechnical services, software, instrumentation, electrical engineering, project management, consultancy, and so on. It argues for a consistent policy approach across the many policy- and service-provision actors involved to maximise industry-development chances in the medium and long term.
The economic benefits of the price, investment, and volume impacts of the present phase of mineral and resource development are well documented. They are expected to generate a continuing step increase in Australia's GDP, with benefits that will last for many years.
Many actors are involved in shaping policy and providing research and other services across the commonwealth and state spheres. Relevant actors extend beyond government to agencies such as the CSIRO, the CRCs, industry associations, and research capabilities of universities and other institutions pertinent to the sector.
The policy setting is complex, but there is an opportunity to build on and expand the industry and services base underpinning the resources-sector supply chain. In this regard, Australia can learn lessons from Norway where a deliberate policy strategy has helped established a vibrant offshore sector, admittedly in a considerably different institutional context. This extended abstract reviews the Norwegian experience against Australian developments and seeks to understand the role policy has played in this case. This experience is then transposed to the Australian situation.
Offshore petroleum regulatory reform: the WA experience—first 12 months in review
Authors: Waters Graeme
Published: November 2018

On 1 January 2012, a new regulatory framework for the offshore oil and gas industry in Australian Commonwealth waters started. The changes were profound and brought about a single national regulator for safety, environmental management, and well integrity. It also meant that the seven former designated authorities were abolished in favour of a single National Titles Administrator.
In the lead up to the reforms, ministers Martin Ferguson and Frederick Moore agreed that officials from their respective departments would implement cooperative working arrangements for the WA adjacent offshore area, to facilitate and ensure a smooth transition for the industry and help achieve the recommendations of the Productivity Commission's review.
The authors of this extended abstract reflect on and share the experiences of the past 12 months. An update of the authors' respective agencies' progress beyond the transition phase is also discussed. This extended abstract also outlines projects of interest and how they will benefit the industry and continue to develop the foundations of the cooperative working arrangements between NOPTA and WA-DMP.
During the changes and transition program, industry and regulators have strived to engage in the new regime, and the results have been positive. Now is the opportunity for us to come together, ask questions, share information, and examine what has worked and what is yet to come.
Several aspects of the arrangements are now evident: the establishment of the National Core Store and Data Repository, the establishment of the National Electronic Approvals and Tracking System (NEATS), and the day-to-day interactions between NOPTA and WA-DMP.
The WA-DMP speaker reviews Joint Authority operations for the WA adjacent area since the establishment of NOPTA and NOPSEMA. Bill Tinapple also reviews regulatory framework developments for WA; in particular, changes to provide for shale and tight gas and oil activity, as well as, public engagement to increase confidence in regulatory processes.
Coordination of regulatory processes across jurisdictional boundaries are reviewed, including case studies for Gorgon, Wheatstone, and Macedon.
A roadmap for community and investor satisfaction from unconventional gas development
Authors: Goldstein Barry , Hill Anthony , Malavazos Michael , Menpes Sandra , Wickham Alexandra , Jarosz Michael , Pepicelli Dominic , Cockshell David , Alexander Elinor , Webb Mieka , Coda James
Published: November 2018

If a fraction of the national potential to produce unconventional gas is realised, then Australia will benefit:

security of domestic and export gas supplies for decades to come;
supply-side competition for decades to come;
improved balance of trade and transport fuel security as Australia's supplants imports with gas-based transport fuel;
billions of dollars invested in environmentally sustainable projects;
thousands of jobs;
considerable royalties and tax for revenues public good; and,
world-class intellectual property that can be converted into export services and equipment.

Given these drivers, the SA State Government convened a Roundtable for Unconventional Gas Projects in October 2010. Participating in this roundtable are a total of 260 organisations plus individuals, including: peak representative bodies focused on economic, social, and natural environment outcomes; and, companies, universities, and key agencies from all state, NT, and commonwealth governments.
This roundtable informed a Roadmap for Unconventional Gas Projects in South Australia that was published in December 2012. The objectives of this roadmap are to credibly inform industry strategies, government policies, and public perceptions. In particular, this roadmap explains how people and enterprises potentially affected by unconventional gas operations are given information and time to draw considered views so their rights to object in part or full to activity—and location-specific land access—are supported. This will facilitate the efficient, profitable, and welcomed deployment of capital, technologies, and infrastructure for the commercialisation of unconventional gas. This extended abstract details the findings of this roadmap.
Know what is at stake: the importance of the safety regulatory interface for the personal liability of executives
Authors: Downes Harold , Austin Fiona
Published: November 2018

The operations of a company involved in the Australian petroleum industry are subject to a range of health and safety regulatory regimes. Knowing what regulatory regime applies to each of the company’s operations is not only important to ensure the company’s compliance but also to determine the due diligence priorities and exposures of its executives.
Different regulatory schemes can apply to a company’s exploration, drilling, construction, accommodation, transport, and administrative operations conducted onshore and offshore and in multiple jurisdictions. Additional complicating factors also exist when the operations overlap with other industries, for example when pipelines cross mining leases or agricultural land. Understanding the regulatory interface is crucial for corporate compliance, but is also necessary to help company officers and executives understand their personal liability for the company’s operations.
Executive liability is intended to influence company decisions because of potential personal consequences for decision makers. Depending on the particular safety regime the company’s operations fall in at a particular time, executives could be at risk of five years of imprisonment. There are also limits on the financial support the company can provide, whether directly or through directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.
The key action for companies is to be proactive in determining what regime applies and assessing what steps their executives need to take to comply with their duties to avoid penalties. This extended abstract provides a model for the development and discharge of effective governance frameworks in the complex petroleum industry.
Direct electric heating: an environmentally friendly flow-assurance tool
Authors: Lien Ingebjørg
Published: November 2018

In subsea flowlines, water in the line can form an ice-like structure called a hydrate plug. Wax appearance in flowlines also is a common flow assurance issue. Hydrate and wax appearance can reduce or stop production for weeks. Preventing hydrate and wax in pipelines is a major concern for the oil and gas industry.
Direct electric heating (DEH) is a modern and environmentally friendly flow-assurance tool that can reduce capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenditures (OPEX) in field development, reduce the probability of pollution, and reduce handling of toxic disposals as a result of traditional chemical flow assurance methods. DEH is based on using the pipeline as part of the electrical circuit, generating losses in the steel pipe to keep the pipeline and its content above the critical temperatures. Use of DEHs also increases the efficiency at the process plant after planned or unplanned production stops. For marginal fields and fields with heavy or waxy oil, DEH is a flow-assurance method that can enable these fields to be developed profitably.
DEH is now a mature technology used for 13–14 years on the Norwegian continental shelf and technology implemented and used in West Africa recently. How successful this technology has been can be summarised by the Tyrihans field where Statoil quoted that they—on this project alone—saved about $USD175 million by implementing DEH.
Wärtsilä has been part of the DEH development in Norway since the 90s, and undertakes design and supply of the complete topside power package in addition to electric and optical protection specially developed for DEH systems.
Replacing the policy scattergun with a scalpel: setting energy policy in a greenhouse gas constrained environment
Authors: Martin Stephen , Taylor Nathan
Published: November 2018

Policy uncertainty is a significant issue for all companies in the energy sector. It is particularly problematic when policy decisions are made to change the nature of the energy sector, both now and during the coming decades. Government climate change policy has the potential to reshape the exploration and development of both oil and gas reserves.The energy sector requires policy certainty to undertake long-term decisions. This can occur only when government makes socially sustainable, robust, and well-reasoned climate change policy. The core challenge is determining the merit of different choices given the magnitude of uncertainty that needs to be dealt with. Quantifying the uncertainty of technological innovation, future greenhouse gas emission costs, and capital and operating costs over time allows for the comparison of alternative policies to encourage the deployment of low-carbon technologies.
A reliable and affordable supply of energy is a fundamental component to a vibrant economy. CEDA’s research project, Australia’s energy options, has sought to provide objective evidence for informed decision making. It has involved three policy perspectives examining Australia’s nuclear options: renewables and efficiency; unconventional energy options; and, a reform agenda that would enhance the energy sector’s efficiency, security, and effectiveness.
This extended abstract builds on this extensive research and discusses how governments at all levels can deal with the uncertainty of climate change and make long-term decisions that will underpin investment decisions across the energy sector.
Karratha infrastructure strategy: supporting Woodside's residential workforce and the Karratha community
Authors: Thomas Tina
Published: November 2018

This extended abstract discusses Woodside’s Karratha Infrastructure Strategy (KIS) as a measure to attract and retain the residential workforce in Karratha and to support the wider community. A high-level overview of Woodside’s workforce model to support its operations on the Burrup Peninsula is also provided.
Attracting and retaining a substantial residential workforce in a regional area such as Karratha poses challenges (remoteness of the community, high demand for health and education services, and ageing community infrastructure) to its development and and residential workforce critical to Woodside’s operations.
As a response, Woodside is delivering its KIS, which focuses on working with key local stakeholders to scope and deliver community infrastructure projects in areas of identified need, including health, education, culture, and recreation. These targeted investments that align with business needs and the external environment contribute to helping Woodside’s residential workforce, lifting the quality of services and infrastructure available, and improving the long-term sustainability of Karratha and its surrounding communities.
The presentation details key elements of KIS, including the strategic approach to project selection and development, successes to date, and lessons learnt. It is relevant to a range of industry stakeholders interested in contributing to a community’s sustainable development and understanding and managing the challenges of supporting a residential workforce in a regional area.
Unconventional petroleum resource evaluation in Queensland
Authors: Troup Alison , Fitzell Melanie , Edwards Sally , Dixon Owen , Suraj Gopalakrishnan
Published: November 2018

The search for unconventional petroleum resources requires a shift in the way the petroleum potential of sedimentary basins is assessed. Gas in source rocks and tight reservoirs has largely been ignored in preference for traditional conventional gas plays. Recent developments in technology now allow for the extraction of gas trapped in low-permeability reservoirs.
Assessments of the unconventional petroleum potential of basins, including estimates of the potential resource are required to guide future exploration. The Geological Survey of Queensland is collaborating with Geoscience Australia (GA) and other state agencies to undertake regional assessments of several basins with potential for unconventional petroleum resources in Queensland. The United States Geological Survey methodology for assessment of continuous petroleum resources is being adopted to estimate total undiscovered oil and gas resources.
Assessments are being undertaken to evaluate the potential of key formations as shale oil and gas and tight-gas plays. The assessments focus on mapping key attributes including depth, thickness, maturity, total organic carbon (TOC), porosity, gas content, reservoir pressure, mineralogy and regional facies patterns using data from stratigraphic bores and petroleum wells to determine play fairways or areas of greatest potential.
More detailed formation evaluation is being undertaken for a regional framework of wells using conventional log suites and mudlogs to calculate porosity, TOC, maturity, oil and gas saturations, and gas composition. HyLoggerTM data is being used to determine its validity to estimate bulk mineralogy (clay-carbonate-quartz) compared with traditional x-ray diffraction methods. These methods are being applied to key formations with unconventional potential in the Georgina and Eromanga basins in Queensland.
Geoscience Australia seismic survey 310: revealing stratigraphy and structure of the outer northern Perth Basin margin
Authors: Bernardel George , Nicholson Chris
Published: November 2018

Geoscience Australia acquired seismic survey GA 310 in 2008–09, across the southwest margin of Australia, as part of the Australian government’s Energy Security Program. Deep reflection seismic and potential field data were recorded across sparse 2D grids located on the Wallaby Plateau in the north, Mentelle Basin in the south, and the intervening Houtman and Zeewyck sub-basins of the northern Perth Basin.
The offshore northern Perth Basin extends for about 700 km along the Western Australia margin, from the towns of Carnarvon in the north to Cervantes in the south. The largely Paleozoic-Mesozoic tectonostratigraphic framework is dominated by Permian and Early-Middle Jurassic rifting, followed by Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous rifting leading to Valanginian breakup between Australia and Greater India. Underlying Precambrian Pinjarra Orogen structuring, in conjunction with rifting, has resulted in the development of several complex depocentres and basement highs.
A recent re-evaluation of the offshore northern Perth Basin well-based lithostratigraphy into a new chronostratigraphic sequence framework has been carried outboard, on the GA 310 seismic lines, into the margin bounding the Zeewyck and northern Houtman sub-basins. The main sequences hosting source rocks—Kockatea and Cattamarra—are widely present in the expansive northern Houtman Sub-basin, and are likely to be present in the deep Zeewyck Sub-basin. The mapping of a thick Late Jurassic Yarragadee Sequence in the Zeewyck Sub-basin indicates a major pre-breakup locus of relatively rapid deposition. The structural interpretation across the sub-basin highlights breakup-drift unconformities and strike-slip faulting and suggests a probable along-margin sheared crustal sliver; tectonic elements commensurate with an evolving rift-shear breakup margin.
Browse to Bonaparte stratigraphic evaluation
Authors: Lemberger Marcus , Stockley James , Gibbons Tim
Published: November 2018

After an initial 2010 stratigraphic, depositional environment and facies determination study of 75 wells in the Browse Basin, TGS has pushed this high-resolution project north into the Bonaparte Basin area. The study incorporates a further 165 wells located across the Ashmore Platform, Vulcan Sub-basin, Londonderry High, Malita and Calder Grabens, Sahul and Flamingo synclines, Laminara and Flamingo highs, Sahul Platform, Troubadour Terrace, and offshore Petrel Sub-basin areas.
This multi-basin project has combined all the selected relevant public data into one interpretation study and is delivered in an integrated environment—wells are standardised and sequences interpreted. Once depositional environment and facies are allocated, multi-element maps are produced showing how the basin environments change through time and structural evolution. Stratigraphic interpretation has determined 37 sequences and 32 associated facies maps.
Both Browse Basin (140,000 km2) and Bonaparte Basin (270,000 km2) are relatively less explored and at different ages in their exploration life-cycle. Both have proved to be oil and gas bearing across numerous different stratigraphic ages with a wide range of trapping and reservoir methods. This study aims to further aid North West Shelf exploration by delineating, among other facets, the presence or otherwise of rocks with reservoir and seal potential and by identifying structural elements such as the Petrel Sub-basin salt diapirs.
This regional well data stratigraphic approach has been used across all the UK and Norway continental shelf hydrocarbon provinces. TGS sees the Australian North West Shelf as a province where this approach will further assist sub-surface understanding, and hence exploration success.
Low-frequency laboratory measurements of the elastic properties of sandstone flooded with supercritical CO2
Authors: Mikhaltsevitch Vassili , Lebedev Maxim , Gurevich Boris
Published: November 2018

This extended abstract presents the results of the first low-frequency experiments conducted on a sandstone sample (Donnybrook, WA) flooded with supercritical CO2 (scCO2). The experiments investigated the effects of scCO2 injection on the elastic and anelastic properties of the rock. The sandstone sample (porosity—11.4%, permeability—0.28 mD) was cut in the direction orthogonal to a formation-bedding plane and tested in a Hoek's triaxial pressure cell equipped with the means for independent control of pore and confining pressures.
The pore and confining pressures were set up at 10 and 31 MPa correspondingly. The low-frequency system and the pump comprising of scCO2 were held at a temperature of 42°C. Supercritical CO2 was injected into the sample preliminary saturated with distilled water. The amount of the residual water in the sample after the scCO2 injection was about 40% of pore volume.
The elastic parameters obtained for the sample with scCO2 at frequencies from 0.1–100 Hz are very close to those for the dry sample. Some discrepancy in calculated acoustic velocities are caused by the difference in water and scCO2 densities. The measured extensional attenuation is larger when the sample is saturated with scCO2. The applicability of Gassmann's fluid substitution theory for the interpretation of obtained results was also tested during the experiments.
High-quality data from the Eendracht MC3D seismic survey gives insight about the hydrocarbon potential of the Carnarvon Basin
Authors: Silva-Gonzalez Patricio , Grahame Jarrad
Published: November 2018

The Eendracht 3D multi-client seismic survey covers an area of about 8,000 km2. It is located in the Carnarvon Basin, one of Australia’s most hydrocarbons-prolific basins. The basin is filled with thick Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic sedimentary successions, deposited during multiple phases of extension and following the breakup of Gondwana. The most prominent structural trend is northeast—southwest with basins and sub-basins aligned as a consequence of the rifting event, which occurred during Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Recent discoveries like Ragnar–1 and Tallaganda–1 show a working petroleum system and the high prospectivity of the Carnarvon Basin.
The Eendracht survey covers a relatively less-explored but prolific area of the basin and provides a large volume of high-quality 3D seismic data. New technologies for acquisition and processing such as Fresnel Zone Bining, Interactive Azimuthal Anisotropy Analysis, and Diffracted Noise/Multiple Attenuation have been used.
The hydrocarbon generation, migration, and entrapment in the Carnarvon Basin is controlled by Jurassic to Early Cretaceous syn- and post-rift structures, deposition, and Neogene reactivation. The most dominant successions in the Basin are Triassic to Lower Cretaceous sedimentary units. The Triassic Mungaroo Formation is the main reservoir found in the area covered by the Eendracht survey. Northeast–southwest-oriented extensional structures create potential traps for hydrocarbons and structures like horsts, tilted fault blocks, drapes, and fault-over anticlines can now be better visualised and analysed due to the 3D character of the Eendracht survey.
Integrating human factors and prevention systems to improve safe operations and performance
Authors: Austin Jane , Houston Kerry
Published: November 2018

The high-risk nature of the oil and gas industry means the search for best practices to ensure employees suffer no harm is ongoing. Our industry has undergone multiple-step changes in safety, including the eras of death, engineering, regulations, and, more recently, behaviours. The unifying aspect to expand the results achieved from these step changes is the seamless merging of human factors and prevention systems, which are explored in further detail in this extended abstract.
Human factors are how individuals behave physically and psychologically to their work environment. Prevention systems are the equipment, systems, and processes the organisation provides and implements to keep individuals safe in the work environment. The manner in which human factors and prevention systems collaborate delineates Intertek's processes in safety.
To better understand both human factors and prevention systems, the authors analysed their sub-components, ultimately making their use more relevant for the needs of this industry. A consistent understanding of each subsequently allows better identification of where the gaps may exist and allows focus on processes for not only improved business results but also achievement of no harm to employees. Although this extended abstract primarily concentrates on human factors, a means of assessing employees' abilities to behave in their work environment alongside an organisation's prevention systems is also discussed.
Nine principles for establishing a risk-intelligent major capital project
Authors: Black Warren , Cann Geoffrey , Gerber Darren
Published: November 2018

The reality of major capital projects
With almost $1 trillion of investor capital being committed to major capital projects across Australia, the competition to secure adequate skills, machinery, materials, operating licenses, contractor support, and associated infrastructure has increased significantly, putting pressure on supply and yielding unique delivery risks.
Furthermore, the sheer magnitude and complexity of these projects, combined with market conditions and the high value of the Australian dollar, has increased risk profiles to the point where such projects may threaten the financial security of owners and investors.
The reality is that major capital projects can significantly enhance or erode shareholder value, depending on how well they are executed. Considering their high-impact nature, levels of governance, risk management, and assurance need to be strengthened.
Risk intelligence in major capital projects
As part of Deloitte's ongoing relationship with some of the most prominent major capital project entities in Australia, the authors have assessed a number of mega projects to determine what commonalities exist in light of risk management better practice.
The authors have consolidated their observations into their latest contribution to Australian industry: Nine Principles to Establishing a Risk Intelligent, Major Capital Project.
This extended abstract outlines what the authors believe the top Australian major capital projects are doing to control risk, while pursuing their delivery objectives. How are project officers securing clear accountability in complex stakeholder environments? How are they keeping owners and investors assured? How are they de-mystifying emerging risk scenarios?
Management of marine data for compliance monitoring: an oil and gas case study
Authors: de Lestang Paul , Fox Alistair
Published: November 2018

The oil and gas industry in WA is expanding fast. With this comes the inevitable prospect of potential environmental effects. Regulators develop compliance-monitoring rules and regulations by which the industry must abide, or face interruptions. This process is not new; however, the size of the projects and timelines in which adherence to these guidelines must be reported is new.
This was the case for the Marine Monitoring Project for the Chevron-operated Gorgon Project. Previous marine compliance monitoring projects involved the storage of field data in spreadsheets with various formulas created and updated manually. To continue with this approach was a large risk as shown by the Marine Monitoring Project.
To solve this problem, all project data was captured in the field and transmitted near real time using satellite communication technology. The data was stored in a central repository and made available to all project stakeholders. This involved the development of a data-management system that was core to delivering hundreds of reports to the client and regulator on the state of the marine environment during the program of work. With this data-management system set up and operating efficiently, the environmental scientists could analyse the data and provide the latest view of the measured environmental parameters. These results were far more defensible having been through processes that captured the QA steps along the way and provided assurance that the results being relied on for project decisions were accurate.
The Gorgon Project is one of the world's largest natural gas projects and the largest single-resource project in Australian history. It is operated by an Australian subsidiary of Chevron and is a joint venture of the Australian subsidiaries of Chevron (47.3%), ExxonMobil (25%), Shell (25%), Osaka Gas (1.25%), Tokyo Gas (1%), and Chubu Electric Power (0.417%).