bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomarker and genomic analyses reveal molecular signatures of non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke
Authors: Ding Lingling , Liu Yu , Meng Xia , Jiang Yong , Lin Jinxi , Cheng Si , Xu Zhe , Zhao Xingquan , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun , Li Zixiao
Published: May 2023

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke (NCIS), which constitutes the majority of AIS cases, is highly heterogeneous, thus requiring precision medicine treatments. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying NCIS heterogeneity. We integrated data from the Third China National Stroke Registry, including clinical phenotypes, biomarkers, and whole-genome sequencing data for 7695 patients with NCIS. We identified 30 molecular clusters based on 63 biomarkers and explored the comprehensive landscape of biological heterogeneity and subpopulations in NCIS. Dimensionality reduction revealed fine-scale subpopulation structures associated with specific biomarkers. The subpopulations with biomarkers for inflammation, abnormal liver and kidney function, homocysteine metabolism, lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota metabolism were associated with a high risk of unfavorable clinical outcomes, including stroke recurrence, disability, and mortality. Several genes encoding potential drug targets were identified as putative causal genes that drive the clusters, such as CDK10, ERCC3, and CHEK2. We comprehensively characterized the genetic architecture of these subpopulations, identified their molecular signatures, and revealed the potential of the polybiomarkers and polygenic prediction for assessing clinical outcomes. Our study demonstrates the power of large-scale molecular biomarkers and genomics to understand the underlying biological mechanisms of and advance precision medicine for NCIS.
Reduced trace gas oxidizers as a response to organic carbon availability linked to oligotrophs in desert fertile islands
Authors: Li Shuyue , Yang Shanshan , Wei Xiaomeng , Jiao Shuo , Luo Wen , Chen Weimin , Wei Gehong
Published: May 2023

Atmospheric trace gases, such as H2 and CO, are important energy sources for microbial growth and maintenance in various ecosystems, especially in arid deserts with little organic substrate. Nonetheless, the impact of soil organic C availability on microbial trace gas oxidation and the underlying mechanisms are unclear at the community level. This study investigated the energy and life-history strategies of soil microbiomes along an organic C gradient inside and out of Hedysarum scoparium islands dispersed in the Mu Us Desert, China. Metagenomic analysis showed that with increasing organic C availability from bare areas into “fertile islands”, the abundance of trace gas oxidizers (TGOs) decreased, but that of trace gas nonoxidizers (TGNOs) increased. The variation in their abundance was more related to labile/soluble organic C levels than to stable/insoluble organic C levels. The consumption rates of H2 and CO confirmed that organic C addition, especially soluble organic C addition, inhibited microbial trace gas oxidation. Moreover, microorganisms with distinct energy-acquiring strategies showed different life-history traits. The TGOs had lower 16 S rRNA operon copy numbers, lower predicted maximum growth rates and higher proportions of labile C degradation genes, implying the prevalence of oligotrophs. In contrast, copiotrophs were prevalent in the TGNOs. These results revealed a mechanism for the microbial community to adapt to the highly heterogeneous distribution of C resources by adjusting the abundances of taxa with distinct energy and life-history strategies, which would further affect trace gas consumption and C turnover in desert ecosystems.
An updated floristic map of the world
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Xu Xiaoting , Dimitrov Dimitar , Pellissier Loic , Borregaard Michael K. , Shrestha Nawal , Su Xiangyan , Luo Ao , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Rahbek Carsten , Wang Zhiheng
Published: May 2023

Floristic regions reflect the geographic organization of floras and provide essential tools for biological studies. Previous global floristic regions are generally based on floristic endemism, lacking a phylogenetic consideration that captures floristic evolution. Moreover, the contribution of tectonic dynamics and historical and current climate to the division of floristic regions remains unknown. Here, by integrating global distributions and a phylogeny of 12,664 angiosperm genera, we update global floristic regions and explore their temporal changes. Eight floristic realms and 16 nested sub-realms are identified. The previously-defined Holarctic, Neotropical and Australian realms are recognized, but Paleotropical, Antarctic and Cape realms are not. Most realms have formed since Paleogene. Geographic isolation induced by plate tectonics dominates the formation of floristic realms, while current/historical climate has little contribution. Our study demonstrates the necessity of integrating distributions and phylogenies in regionalizing floristic realms and the interplay of macroevolutionary and paleogeographic processes in shaping regional floras.
The breakdown of both strange metal and superconducting states at a pressure-induced quantum critical point in iron-pnictide superconductors
Authors: Cai Shu , Zhao Jinyu , Ni Ni , Guo Jing , Yang Run , Wang Pengyu , Han Jinyu , Long Sijin , Zhou Yazhou , Wu Qi , Qiu Xianggang , Xiang Tao , Cava Robert J. , Sun Liling
Published: May 2023

Here we report the first observation of the concurrent breakdown of the strange metal (SM) normal state and superconductivity at a pressure-induced quantum critical point in Ca10(Pt4As8)((Fe0.97Pt0.03)2As2)5 superconductor. We find that, upon suppressing the superconducting state, the power exponent (α) changes from 1 to 2, and the slope of the temperature-linear resistivity per FeAs layer (A□) gradually diminishes. At a critical pressure, A□ and superconducting transition temperature (Tc) go to zero concurrently, where a quantum phase transition from a superconducting state with a SM normal state to a non-superconducting Fermi liquid state occurs. Scaling analysis reveals that the change of A□ with Tc obeys the relation of Tc ~ (A□)0.5, similar to what is seen in other chemically doped unconventional superconductors. These results suggest that there is a simple but powerful organizational principle of connecting the SM normal state with the high-Tc superconductivity.
Layered metals as polarized transparent conductors
Authors: Putzke Carsten , Guo Chunyu , Plisson Vincent , Kroner Martin , Chervy Thibault , Simoni Matteo , Wevers Pim , Bachmann Maja D. , Cooper John R. , Carrington Antony , Kikugawa Naoki , Fowlie Jennifer , Gariglio Stefano , Mackenzie Andrew P. , Burch Kenneth S. , Îmamoğlu Ataç , Moll Philip J. W.
Published: May 2023

The quest to improve transparent conductors balances two key goals: increasing electrical conductivity and increasing optical transparency. To improve both simultaneously is hindered by the physical limitation that good metals with high electrical conductivity have large carrier densities that push the plasma edge into the ultra-violet range. Technological solutions reflect this trade-off, achieving the desired transparencies only by reducing the conductor thickness or carrier density at the expense of a lower conductance. Here we demonstrate that highly anisotropic crystalline conductors offer an alternative solution, avoiding this compromise by separating the directions of conduction and transmission. We demonstrate that slabs of the layered oxides Sr2RuO4 and Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ are optically transparent even at macroscopic thicknesses >2 μm for c-axis polarized light. Underlying this observation is the fabrication of out-of-plane slabs by focused ion beam milling. This work provides a glimpse into future technologies, such as highly polarized and addressable optical screens.
Hybrid achromatic microlenses with high numerical apertures and focusing efficiencies across the visible
Authors: Richards Corey A. , Ocier Christian R. , Xie Dajie , Gao Haibo , Robertson Taylor , Goddard Lynford L. , Christiansen Rasmus E. , Cahill David G. , Braun Paul V.
Published: May 2023

Compact visible wavelength achromats are essential for miniaturized and lightweight optics. However, fabrication of such achromats has proved to be exceptionally challenging. Here, using subsurface 3D printing inside mesoporous hosts we densely integrate aligned refractive and diffractive elements, forming thin high performance hybrid achromatic imaging micro-optics. Focusing efficiencies of 51–70% are achieved for 15μm thick, 90μm diameter, 0.3 numerical aperture microlenses. Chromatic focal length errors of less than 3% allow these microlenses to form high-quality images under broadband illumination (400–700 nm). Numerical apertures upwards of 0.47 are also achieved at the cost of some focusing efficiency, demonstrating the flexibility of this approach. Furthermore, larger area images are reconstructed from an array of hybrid achromatic microlenses, laying the groundwork for achromatic light-field imagers and displays. The presented approach precisely combines optical components within 3D space to achieve thin lens systems with high focusing efficiencies, high numerical apertures, and low chromatic focusing errors, providing a pathway towards achromatic micro-optical systems.
Large language model (ChatGPT) as a support tool for breast tumor board
Authors: Sorin Vera , Klang Eyal , Sklair-Levy Miri , Cohen Israel , Zippel Douglas B. , Balint Lahat Nora , Konen Eli , Barash Yiftach
Published: May 2023

Large language models (LLM) such as ChatGPT have gained public and scientific attention. The aim of this study is to evaluate ChatGPT as a support tool for breast tumor board decisions making. We inserted into ChatGPT-3.5 clinical information of ten consecutive patients presented in a breast tumor board in our institution. We asked the chatbot to recommend management. The results generated by ChatGPT were compared to the final recommendations of the tumor board. They were also graded independently by two senior radiologists. Grading scores were between 1–5 (1 = completely disagree, 5 = completely agree), and in three different categories: summarization, recommendation, and explanation. The mean age was 49.4, 8/10 (80%) of patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, one patient (1/10, 10%) had a ductal carcinoma in-situ and one patient (1/10, 10%) had a phyllodes tumor with atypia. In seven out of ten cases (70%), ChatGPT’s recommendations were similar to the tumor board’s decisions. Mean scores while grading the chatbot’s summarization, recommendation and explanation by the first reviewer were 3.7, 4.3, and 4.6 respectively. Mean values for the second reviewer were 4.3, 4.0, and 4.3, respectively. In this proof-of-concept study, we present initial results on the use of an LLM as a decision support tool in a breast tumor board. Given the significant advancements, it is warranted for clinicians to be familiar with the potential benefits and harms of the technology.
Multi-scale investigation of short-range order and dislocation glide in MoNbTi and TaNbTi multi-principal element alloys
Authors: Zheng Hui , Fey Lauren T. W. , Li Xiang-Guo , Hu Yong-Jie , Qi Liang , Chen Chi , Xu Shuozhi , Beyerlein Irene J. , Ong Shyue Ping
Published: May 2023

Refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) are promising materials for high-temperature structural applications. Here, we investigate the role of short-range ordering (SRO) on dislocation glide in the MoNbTi and TaNbTi RMPEAs using a multi-scale modeling approach. Monte carlo/molecular dynamics simulations with a moment tensor potential show that MoNbTi exhibits a much greater degree of SRO than TaNbTi and the local composition has a direct effect on the unstable stacking fault energies (USFEs). From mesoscale phase-field dislocation dynamics simulations, we find that increasing SRO leads to higher mean USFEs and stress required for dislocation glide. The gliding dislocations experience significant hardening due to pinning and depinning caused by random compositional fluctuations, with higher SRO decreasing the degree of USFE dispersion and hence, amount of hardening. Finally, we show how the morphology of an expanding dislocation loop is affected by the applied stress.
Disruption of locus coeruleus-related functional networks in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sun Junyan , Ma Jinghong , Gao Linlin , Wang Junling , Zhang Dongling , Chen Lili , Fang Jiliang , Feng Tao , Wu Tao
Published: May 2023

Locus coeruleus (LC) is severely affected in Parkinson’s Disease (PD). However, alterations in LC-related resting-state networks (RSNs) in PD remain unclear. We used resting-state functional MRI to investigate the alterations in functional connectivity (FC) of LC-related RSNs and the associations between RSNs changes and clinical features in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and PD patients with (PDRBD+) and without RBD (PDRBD−). There was a similarly disrupted FC pattern of LC-related RSNs in iRBD and PDRBD+ patients, whereas LC-related RSNs were less damaged in PDRBD− patients than that in patients with iRBD and PDRBD+. The FC of LC-related RSNs correlated with cognition and duration in iRBD, depression in PDRBD−, and cognition and severity of RBD in patients with PDRBD+. Our findings demonstrate that LC-related RSNs are significantly disrupted in the prodromal stage of α-synucleinopathies and proposed body-first PD (PDRBD+), but are less affected in brain-first PD (PDRBD−).
The international role of education in sustainable lifestyles and economic development
Authors: Piao Xiangdan , Managi Shunsuke
Published: May 2023

Improved economic growth and environmental protection are necessary to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. This study examines the relationship between people’s education levels and sustainable lifestyles in protecting the environment and economic growth, as expressed by the increase in household equivalent income. We conducted an original cross-sectional survey, which yielded 100,956 valid observations in 37 countries. The factors included educational level, sustainable lifestyle with natural resource consumption, and household equivalent income for economic development. We used logit and ordered logit model and applied an ordinary linear regression model after confirming the association between education and income. Our analyses found that higher educational levels were associated with an increase in specific environmentally friendly behaviors and sustainable energy consumption. Individuals in the higher educational level group tended to consume recycled goods, purchase energy-saving household products, conserve electricity, and separate their waste. Additionally, higher levels of education were positively associated with equivalent household income in all 37 countries, indicating better economic development. Thus, our study underscores the importance of improving education at the broad population level to promote economic development and establish cooperative human behaviors necessary to sustain the environment.
Microfibril-associated protein 5 and the regulation of skin scar formation
Authors: Han Chen , Leonardo Trevor R. , Romana-Souza Bruna , Shi Junhe , Keiser Shalyn , Yuan Heidi , Altakriti Mohamad , Ranzer Matthew J. , Ferri-Borgogno Sammy , Mok Samuel C. , Koh Timothy J. , Hong Seok Jong , Chen Lin , DiPietro Luisa A.
Published: May 2023

Many factors regulate scar formation, which yields a modified extracellular matrix (ECM). Among ECM components, microfibril-associated proteins have been minimally explored in the context of skin wound repair. Microfibril-associated protein 5 (MFAP5), a small 25 kD serine and threonine rich microfibril-associated protein, influences microfibril function and modulates major extracellular signaling pathways. Though known to be associated with fibrosis and angiogenesis in certain pathologies, MFAP5’s role in wound healing is unknown. Using a murine model of skin wound repair, we found that MFAP5 is significantly expressed during the proliferative and remodeling phases of healing. Analysis of existing single-cell RNA-sequencing data from mouse skin wounds identified two fibroblast subpopulations as the main expressors of MFAP5 during wound healing. Furthermore, neutralization of MFAP5 in healing mouse wounds decreased collagen deposition and refined angiogenesis without altering wound closure. In vitro, recombinant MFAP5 significantly enhanced dermal fibroblast migration, collagen contractility, and expression of pro-fibrotic genes. Additionally, TGF-ß1 increased MFAP5 expression and production in dermal fibroblasts. Our findings suggest that MFAP5 regulates fibroblast function and influences scar formation in healing wounds. Our work demonstrates a previously undescribed role for MFAP5 and suggests that microfibril-associated proteins may be significant modulators of wound healing outcomes and scarring.
Community-based diabetes prevention randomized controlled trial in refugees with depression: effects on metabolic outcomes and depression
Authors: Wagner Julie A. , Bermúdez-Millán Angela , Buckley Thomas E. , Buxton Orfeu M. , Feinn Richard S. , Kong Sengly , Kuoch Theanvy , Scully Mary F.
Published: May 2023

Depression and antidepressant medications increase risk for type 2 diabetes. Cambodian-Americans have exceedingly high rates of both depression and diabetes. This paper reports outcomes of a diabetes prevention trial for Cambodian-Americans with depression. Primary outcomes were HbA1c, insulin resistance and depressive symptoms. Participants were aged 35–75, Khmer speaking, at risk for diabetes, and met study criteria for likely depression by either (a) antidepressant medication and/or (b) prolonged elevated depressive symptoms. Participants were randomized to one of three community health worker (CHW) interventions: (1) lifestyle intervention called Eat, Walk, Sleep (EWS), (2) EWS plus medication therapy management sessions with a pharmacist/CHW team to resolve drug therapy problems (EWS + MTM), or, (3) social services (SS; control). Assessments were at baseline, post-treatment (12 months), and follow-up (15 months). The n = 188 participants were 78% female, average age of 55 years, half had a household income < $20,000, and modal educational attainment was 7.0 years. Compared to the other arms, EWS + MTM showed a significant decrease in HbA1c and a trend for reduced inflammation and stress hormones. Depressive symptoms improved for EWS and EWS + MTM relative to SS. There was no change in insulin resistance. Cardiometabolic and mental health can be improved in tandem among immigrant and refugee groups.
Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection as a marker of undiagnosed cancer: a population-based study
Authors: Dugerdil Adeline , Semenzato Laura , Weill Alain , Zureik Mahmoud , Flahault Antoine
Published: May 2023

No study has yet investigated if a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection represents a marker of an undiagnosed cancer. This population-based study, using the SNDS database, identified from 02/15/2020 to 08/31/2021, 41,302 individuals hospitalized in intensive care unit due to SARS-CoV-2 (ICU-gr) and 713,670 control individuals not hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 (C-gr). Individuals were matched according to year of birth, sex and French department. The cancer incidence was compared in the two groups during the follow-up period (index date-12/31/2021), using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted on matching variables, socioeconomic characteristics and comorbidities. In the ICU-gr, 2.2% (n = 897) was diagnosed with a cancer in the following months, compared to 1.5% (n = 10,944) in the C-gr. The ICU-gr had a 1.31 higher risk of being diagnosed with a cancer following hospital discharge compared to the C-gr (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.22–1.41). A global similar trend was found when competing risk of death was taken into account (aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.16–1.34). A significant higher risk was found concerning renal (aHR 3.16, 95% CI 2.33–4.27), hematological (aHR 2.54, 95% CI 2.07–3.12), colon (aHR 1.72, 95% CI 1.34–2.21), and lung (aHR 1.70, 95% CI 1.39–2.08) cancers. This suggests that a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent a marker of an undiagnosed cancer.
Recent increase in the potential threat of western North Pacific tropical cyclones
Authors: Li Yi , Tang Youmin , Li Xiaojing , Song Xiangzhou , Wang Qiang
Published: May 2023

Conventionally, the threat of tropical cyclones (TCs) is often described by TC intensity. However, the damage caused by TCs is also strongly related to our forecasting ability, which is usually low for TCs with high intensification rates. Here, we challenge this intensity-only criterion and propose a concept of TC potential threat (PT) for the western North Pacific TCs by jointly clustering the TC lifetime maximum intensity and intensification rate. We show that TCs can be separated via an objective algorithm, and approximately 10% of all TCs pose a great PT and feature high forecast errors. Furthermore, the annual number of TCs with high PT has increased by 22% per decade over the past 41 years, and this trend is attributed to the rise in subsurface ocean temperatures. Our study provides a perspective on the TC threat and reveals its increase due to global warming and internal climate variability.
Water quality monitoring with in vitro bioassays to compare untreated oil sands process-affected water with unimpacted rivers
Authors: Barrow Kia , Escher Beate I. , Hicks Keegan A. , König Maria , Schlichting Rita , Arlos Maricor J.
Published: May 2023

The selected battery of in vitro bioassays may be used to monitor exceedances of effect-based trigger (EBT) values in environments potentially receiving treated oil sands process-affected water.
Co3−xFexO4 inverse opals with tunable catalytic activity for high-performance overall water splitting
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong Trang , Zarkua Zviadi , Chinnappa Chinnabathini Vana , Hu Wenjian , Sree Sreeprasanth Pulinthanathu , Grandjean Didier , Pant Deepak , Janssens Ewald
Published: May 2023

We developed an earth-abundant and high-performance mesoporous Co3−xFexO4 inverse opals-based bifunctional catalyst for overall electrochemical water splitting.
Luminescent and self-healing hybrid ionotropic hydrogel beads of ammonium metavanadate and chitosan: promising biomaterial as an antimicrobial agent, efficient dye adsorbent and ascorbic acid sensor
Authors: Shaheen Arjumund , Zargar Mohammed Iqbal , Dar Aijaz Ahmad
Published: May 2023

We report a simple approach to create ammonium metavanadate–biopolymer composite hydrogel beads with promising antimicrobial, dye adsorption and sensing of ascorbic acid properties.
Non-destructive distinction between geogenic and anthropogenic calcite by Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning workflow
Authors: Calandra Sara , Conti Claudia , Centauro Irene , Cantisani Emma
Published: May 2023

Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, the possibility of distinguishing between geogenic and anthropogenic calcite in a non-destructive and effective way, using high-resolution micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning workflow.
A high-performance electrochemical biosensor using an engineered urate oxidase
Authors: Wei Zheng , Knaus Tanja , Liu Yuxin , Zhai Ziran , Gargano Andrea F. G. , Rothenberg Gadi , Yan Ning , Mutti Francesco G.
Published: May 2023

We constructed a high-performance biosensor for detecting uric acid by immobilizing an engineered urate oxidase on gold nanoparticles deposited on a carbon-glass electrode.
Same effect of biquadratic exchange interaction and Heisenberg linear interaction in a spin spiral
Authors: Jiang Lingzi , Huang Can , Liu Bingjie , Pan Yanfei , Fan Jiyu , Shi Daning , Ma Chunlan , Zhu Yan
Published: May 2023

The nearest neighbor biquadratic exchange interaction B1 is equivalent to half of J3 of the Heisenberg linear interaction, and the positive B1 partially counteracts the effect of negative J3 in the spin spiral, making monolayer NiCl2 ferromagnetic.
Performance degradation and mitigation of high temperature polybenzimidazole-based polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Authors: Seselj Nedjeljko , Aili David , Celenk Sanser , Cleemann Lars N. , Hjuler Hans Aage , Jensen Jens Oluf , Azizi Kobra , Li Qingfeng
Published: May 2023

The performance degradation mechanisms, mitigation strategies and durability protocols of polybenzimidazole-based polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are fully reviewed.
Polymorphism in A3MF6 (A = Rb, Cs; M = Al, Ga) grown using mixed halide fluxes
Authors: Morrison Gregory , Masachchi Lakshani W. , Tisdale Hunter B. , Chang Tieyan , Jones Virginia G. , Zamorano K. Pilar , Breton Logan S. , Smith Mark D. , Chen Yu-Sheng , zur Loye Hans-Conrad
Published: May 2023

Single crystals of A3MF6 (A = Rb, Cs; M = Al, Ga) were grown from mixed alkali chloride/fluoride fluxes. The polymorphism of each compound was studied via TGA/DSC and high temperature X-ray diffraction.
[α-AsW9O33]9− bridged hexagonal clusters of Ln(iii) showing field induced SMM behavior: experimental and theoretical insight
Authors: Kapurwan Sandhya , Sahu Pradip Kumar , Raizada Mukul , Kharel Ranjan , Konar Sanjit
Published: May 2023

A new strategy to synthesize lanthanide complexes using [As2W19O67(H2O)]14− anion for SMM behavior as well as to explore the photoluminescence behavior.
A 2D flexible cobalt-MOF: reversible solid-state structural transformation, two-step and gate-opening adsorption behaviours, and selective adsorption of C2H2over CO2and CH4
Authors: Wang Shan-Shan , Liang Yu-Jie , Guo Wei , Yin Yue , Li Xiao-Yu , Xu Quan-Qing , Zhu Ai-Xin , Huang Bo
Published: May 2023

A 2D cobalt(ii) framework exhibits reversible solid-state structural transformations, gas-induced, two-step and type F-IV adsorption isotherms at 195 K as well as selective C2H2adsorption over CO2and CH4at 298 K.
Oligozwitterions in coordination polymers and frameworks – a structural view
Authors: Baklouti Lassaad , Harrowfield Jack
Published: May 2023

Uranyl ion cluster formation about a trizwitterion.
The quest for organo-alkali metal monomers: unscrambling the structure–reactivity relationship
Authors: Davison Nathan , Lu Erli
Published: May 2023

This perspective explores the strategies that have been employed to isolate low aggregate and, in particular, monomeric complexes of the most common alkali metal alkyls and the relationship between aggregation, structure and reactivity.
A strontium ferrite modified separator for adsorption and catalytic conversion of polysulfides for excellent lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Su Zhuoying , Qiu Wenjuan , He Yuming , Zeng Ying , Xie Dongming , Xiao Xin , Nan Junmin , Zuo Xiaoxi
Published: May 2023

Bimetallic oxide SrFe12O19/AB composite separator regulates lithium polysulfides to realize sustainable lithium-sulfur batteries.
The preservation of sarin and O,O′-diisopropyl fluorophosphate inside coordination cage hosts
Authors: Dorrat Jack C. , Young Rosemary J. , Taylor Christopher G. P. , Tipping Max B. , Blok Andrew J. , Turner David R. , McKay Alasdair I. , Ovenden Simon , Ward Michael D. , Dennison Genevieve H. , Tuck Kellie L.
Published: May 2023

Cubic coordination cages encapsulate P–F containing guests and, when complexed, protect the P–F bond from aqueous hydrolysis.
Laser-controlled tandem catalytic sites of CuNi alloys with ampere-level electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia reduction activities for Zn–nitrate batteries
Authors: Yu Wanqiang , Yu Jiayuan , Huang Man , Wang Yujie , Wang Yijie , Li Jiawei , Liu Hong , Zhou Weijia
Published: May 2023

Laser-constructed CuNi alloy electrodes with tandem sites of Ni provide H* and Cu for NO3− reduction, achieving ampere-level NO3− reduction and high-performance Zn–NO3− batteries.
An efficient biocatalytic oxidative dehydroaromatization approach for the construction of quinolines enabled by monoamine oxidase with molecular oxygen
Authors: Jin Huanhuan , Ju Shuyun , Yu Haoran , Yang Lirong , Zheng Wenlong , Wu Jianping
Published: May 2023

An efficient biocatalytic approach for the oxidative dehydroaromatization of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines by employing a monoamine oxidase PpMAO with molecular oxygen under mild conditions.
Detection of chromium in different valence states in water and soil using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy combined with an ion enrichment chip
Authors: Xu Fanghao , Ma Shixiang , Tian Hongwu , Xing Zhen , Zhao Chunjiang , Feng Quan , Zhao Xiande , Dong Daming
Published: May 2023

IEC–LIBS could rapidly and sensitively detect different valence states of Cr in water and soil.
Optofluidic lasers and their applications in biochemical sensing
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Zhang Ya-nan , Li Like , Hu Jiachen , Li Xuegang , Zhao Yong
Published: May 2023

This review provides an overview of optofluidic lasers (OFLs), focusing on their constructions, the design of OFL-based biochemical sensors and their applications in biochemical analysis, and discusses the current challenges and future directions.
Synthesis of Bz-TTFs with polymerization sites and the properties of Li-ion batteries comprising them as active materials
Authors: Yoshimura Aya , Yoshinouchi Moeko , Hemmi Keisuke , Aso Yuto , Utsumi Ryosuke , Shirahata Takashi , Yao Masaru , Misaki Yohji
Published: May 2023

We have found that benzene-fused TTFs bearing polymerization sites could prolong the cycle life of LIBs via “in-cell polymerization”.
Highly efficient adsorption of Sb(iii) and Sb(v) from water using a hybrid functional Zr–Fe metallic oxide composite
Authors: Qin Yan , Zeng Yang , Tang Xiangtao , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Lingfan
Published: May 2023

For the removal of highly toxic and non-degradable Sb(iii/v), one novelty hybrid functional Zr–Fe metallic oxide (HF-ZFOs) composite was successfully prepared, which exhibited high adsorption performance for the removal of Sb(iii/v) from water.
A high performance IT-EOG cell based on a solid/molten Bi2O3–B2O3 composite electrolyte
Authors: Dergacheva Polina E. , Fedorov Sergey V. , Belousov Valery V.
Published: May 2023

New electrolytes with high oxygen ionic conductivity are required to realize efficient intermediate temperature electrochemical oxygen generators (IT-EOGs).
RhIII-promoted directed C–H N-heteroarylation of 2-pyridones
Authors: Chi Rong , Wu Jia-Xue , Li Da-Cheng , Dou Jian-Min , Wang Huai-Wei
Published: May 2023

A catalytic protocol for the RhIII-promoted N-heteroarylation of 2-pyridones with N-heterocyclic boronates containing pyridines, pyrazoles, pyrimidine, quinoline, thiophene and furan has been disclosedviaa removable pyridine auxiliary.
Gas-free alkoxycarbonylation of aryl iodides in a phosphonium-based deep eutectic solvent with Mo(CO)6 as a solid CO source
Authors: Messa Francesco , Paparella Andrea Nicola , Perrone Serena , Salomone Antonio
Published: May 2023

A gas-free alkoxycarbonylation of aryl iodides was performed in MePh3PBr/ethylene glycol DES by using Mo(CO)6 as a safe source of CO. The reaction occurred under mild reaction conditions (80 °C) and with a low catalyst loading (0.5 mol%).
Site-selective introduction of thiols in unprotected glycosides
Authors: Reintjens Niels R. M. , Witte Martin D. , Minnaard Adriaan J.
Published: June 2023

Site-selective oxidation of unprotected saccharides, followed by treatment of the corresponding trityl hydrazone witht-Bu hypochlorite, gives a chloro-azo intermediate that can be substituted to give deoxythio sugars. This allows a protecting group-free synthesis of thioglycosides.
Long-range hydrogen-bond relay catalyses the excited-state proton transfer reaction
Authors: Chang Kai-Hsin , Peng Yu-Chiang , Su Kuan-Hsuan , Lin Yi-Hsien , Liu Jiun-Chi , Liu Ying-Hsuan , Hsu Chao-Hsien , Yang Hsiao-Ching , Chou Pi-Tai
Published: May 2023

The excited-state solvent-catalysed proton transfer of PyrQs requires a relay of ≧3 methanol molecules, where the N(8) proton-accepting site is the rate-determining step for the intrinsic proton tunnelling kpt.
Into the dynamics of rotaxanes at atomistic resolution
Authors: Leanza Luigi , Perego Claudio , Pesce Luca , Salvalaglio Matteo , von Delius Max , Pavan Giovanni M.
Published: May 2023

Free-energy profiles, and associated enthalpic and entropic components, providing atomistic-resolution insights into the mechanisms (thermodynamics and kinetics) of the shuttling processes in rotaxanes.
Life-cycle global warming impact of hydrogen transport through pipelines from Africa to Germany
Authors: Kanz Olga , Brüggemann Franka , Ding Kaining , Bittkau Karsten , Rau Uwe , Reinders Angèle
Published: May 2023

A unique life cycle assessment highlights the potential of photovoltaics to limit the global warming potential of hydrogen imports, using Germany's domestic supply as a reference.
Sub-Newtonian coalescence in polymeric fluids
Authors: Rajput Abhineet Singh , Varma Sarath Chandra , Kumar Aloke
Published: May 2023

Complex fluids show deviations from their Newtonian counterparts in terms of droplet coalescence. The figure shows transition of such coalescence kinetics from Newtonian into the sub-Newtonian regime.
High-performance solid-state zinc-ion batteries enabled by flexible and highly Zn2+ conductive solid-polymer electrolyte
Authors: Puttaswamy Rangaswamy , Tian Zhenchuan , Lee Hyocheol , Kim Do Youb , Le Mong Anh , Kim Dukjoon
Published: May 2023

PVA-inter-PEG30%/IL70% SPE not only demonstrates high Zn2+ conductivity (2.264 mS cm−1), high flexibility, and high thermal stability (>200 °C), but also provides wide ESW (up to 2.8 V) and a stable interface to electrodes.
Overlimiting current by iodide electrode oxidation in aqueous media: an electrogenerated iodine interphase with positively charged channels stimulating in situ electrokinetic iodide transport
Authors: Ki Sehyeok , Park Anseong , Lee Won Bo , Kim YongJoo , Chang Jinho
Published: May 2023

Overlimiting current by I− electrode oxidation on a Pt ultramicroelectrode in an aqueous solution was investigated, which was attributed to the formation of a positively charged porous iodine interphase in situ stimulating electrokinetic I− transport.
Rapid synthesis of magnetic microspheres and the development of new macro–micro hierarchically porous magnetic framework composites
Authors: Woodliffe John Luke , Molinar-Díaz Jesús , Islam Md Towhidul , Stevens Lee A. , Wadge Matthew D. , Rance Graham A. , Ferrari Rebecca , Ahmed Ifty , Laybourn Andrea
Published: May 2023

Highly porous magnetic microspheres are synthesised through a flame spheroidisation process and surface functionalised. Metal–organic frameworks are then grown on the surfaces to produce novel hierarchically porous magnetic framework composites.
In situ investigation of ion exchange membranes reveals that ion transfer in hybrid liquid/gas electrolyzers is mediated by diffusion, not electromigration
Authors: Ralaiarisoa Maryline , Krishnamurti Senapati Sri , Gu Wenqing , Ampelli Claudio , van de Krol Roel , Abdi Fatwa Firdaus , Favaro Marco
Published: May 2023

In this study, commercially available cation- and anion-exchange membranes were investigated in hybrid liquid/gas electrolyzers by coupling in situ ambient pressure hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with finite element analysis.
Engineering earth-abundant copper(i) sensitizing centers in metal–organic frameworks for efficient photosynthesis
Authors: Guo Guang-Chen , Ma Lihua , Li Xiao-Di , Guo Song , Lu Tong-Bu , Zhang Zhi-Ming
Published: May 2023

A series of earth-abundant and efficient MOF catalysts were constructed by incorporating Cu(i) complexes with different steric functional groups for boosting photosynthesis.
High temperature oil–water separation based on superwettable membranes for removing water from condensation reactions
Authors: Zhou Wenting , Min Fan , Shi Jing , Wang Deqi , Huang Haikang , Liu Hengchang , Chu Zonglin
Published: May 2023

A superhydrophobic porous glass membrane possessing hot water resistance was fabricated and used for efficient separation of water from oil under high temperatures. It was successfully adopted for the removal of water from condensation reactions.
Caveolae and the oxidative stress response
Authors: Wu Yeping , Lim Ye-Wheen , Parton Robert G.
Published: May 2023

Oxidative stress is a feature of many disease conditions. Oxidative stress can activate a number of cellular pathways leading to cell death, including a distinct iron-dependent pathway involving lipid peroxidation, termed ferroptosis, but cells have evolved complex mechanisms to respond to these stresses. Here, we briefly summarise current evidence linking caveolae to the cellular oxidative stress response. We discuss recent studies in cultured cells and in an in vivo model suggesting that lipid peroxidation driven by oxidative stress causes disassembly of caveolae to release caveola proteins into the cell where they regulate the master transcriptional redox controller, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. These studies suggest that caveolae maintain cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress-induced cell death and suggest a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and the response to wounding.
Effects of the Number of Channels and Channel Stimulation Rate on Speech Recognition and Sound Quality Using Precurved Electrode Arrays
Authors: Berg Katelyn A. , Chen Chen , Noble Jack H. , Dawant Benoit M. , Dwyer Robert T. , Labadie Robert F. , Gifford René H.
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

This study investigated the relationship between the number of active electrodes, channel stimulation rate, and their interaction on speech recognition and sound quality measures while controlling for electrode placement. Cochlear implant (CI) recipients with precurved electrode arrays placed entirely within scala tympani and closer to the modiolus were hypothesized to be able to utilize more channels and possibly higher stimulation rates to achieve better speech recognition performance and sound quality ratings than recipients in previous studies.

Method:

Participants included seven postlingually deafened adult CI recipients with Advanced Bionics Mid-Scala electrode arrays confirmed to be entirely within scala tympani using postoperative computerized tomography. Twelve conditions were tested using four, eight, 12, and 16 electrodes and channel stimulation rates of 600 pulse per second (pps), 1,200 pps, and each participant's maximum allowable rate (1,245–4,800 pps). Measures of speech recognition and sound quality were acutely assessed.

Results:

For the effect of channels, results showed no significant improvements beyond eight channels for all measures. For the effect of channel stimulation rate, results showed no significant improvements with higher rates, suggesting that 600 pps was sufficient for maximum speech recognition performance and sound quality ratings. However, across all conditions, there was a significant relationship between mean electrode-to-modiolus distance and all measures, suggesting that a lower mean electrode-to-modiolus distance was correlated with higher speech recognition scores and sound quality ratings.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that even well-placed precurved electrode array recipients may not be able to take advantage of more than eight channels or higher channel stimulation rates (> 600 pps), but that closer electrode array placement to the modiolus correlates with better outcomes for these recipients.
Tone Deafness in Music Does Not Preclude Distributional Learning of Nonnative Tonal Languages in Individuals With Congenital Amusia
Authors: Zhu Jiaqiang , Chen Xiaoxiang , Chen Fei , Zhang Caicai , Shao Jing , Wiener Seth
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

Previous studies have shown that individuals with congenital amusia exhibit deficient pitch processing across music and language domains. This study investigated whether adult Chinese-speaking listeners with amusia were still able to learn Thai lexical tones based on stimulus frequency of statistical distribution via distributional learning, despite their degraded lexical tone perception.

Method:

Following a pretest–training–posttest design, 21 amusics and 23 typical, musically intact listeners were assigned into bimodal and unimodal distribution conditions. Listeners were asked to discriminate minimal pairs of Thai mid-level tone and falling tone superimposed on variable base syllables and uttered by different speakers. The perceptual accuracy for each test session and improvement from pretest to posttest were collected and analyzed between the two groups using generalized mixed-effects models.

Results:

When discriminating Thai lexical tones, amusics were less accurate than typical listeners. Nonetheless, similarly to control listeners, perceptual gains from pretest to posttest were observed in bimodally rather than unimodally trained amusics, as evidenced by both trained and nontrained test words.

Conclusions:

Amusics are able to learn lexical tones in a second or foreign context of speech. This extends previous research by showing that amusics' distributional learning of linguistic pitch remains largely preserved despite their degraded pitch processing. It is thus likely that manifestations of amusia in speech could not result from their abnormal statistical learning mechanism. This study meanwhile provides a heuristic approach for future studies to apply this paradigm into amusics' treatment to mitigate their pitch-processing disorder.
Coordinated active and reactive power management for enhancing PV hosting capacity in distribution networks
Authors: Golnazari Rezvaneh , Hasanzadeh Saeed , Heydarian‐Forushani Ehsan , Kamwa Innocent
Published: May 2023

This paper proposes an operational planning model based on optimal active and reactive power control strategies to enhance solar photovoltaics (PV)’ hosting capacity in distribution networks. Reactive power control is carried out through optimum static VAr compensators (SVCs) placement, while active power control is performed through flexible loads, particularly shiftable and interruptible loads. The first stage of the proposed two‐stage stochastic model assigns decision‐making regarding calculating PV hosting capacity at different nodes, in addition to the allocation and capacity of SVCs. In the second stage, the first stage decisions are assessed to ensure the power flow constraints under various uncertainties such as daily load and stochastic PV generation. The presented model is investigated through numerical analyses on modified IEEE 15‐bus and IEEE 33‐bus distribution systems considering different active‐reactive strategy cases. While most previous works only rely on one type of active or reactive power control strategy, this study investigates the challenges of the respective application of active and reactive power control in various modes of fundamental practices. The obtained results prove the superiority of the proposed hybrid active‐reactive control strategy for enhancing PV hosting capacity compared to respective active or reactive power controls.
Rotation and interaction of the CMEs of September 8 and 10, 2014, tested with EUHFORIA
Authors: Maharana Anwesha , Scolini Camilla , Schmieder Brigitte , Poedts Stefaan
Published: June 2023

Context. Solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can catch up and interact with preceding CMEs and solar wind structures to undergo rotation and deflection during their propagation.

Aim. We aim to show how the interactions of a CME in the corona and heliosphere can play a significant role in altering its geoeffectiveness as predicted at the time of its eruption. To do so, we consider a case study of two successive CMEs launched from the active region NOAA 12158 in early September 2014. The second CME was predicted to be extensively geoeffective based on the remote-sensing observations of the source region. However, in situ measurements at 1 au recorded only a short-lasting, weak negative Bz component followed by a prolonged positive Bz component.

Methods. We used the EUropean Heliosphere FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) to perform a self-consistent 3D magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) data-driven simulation of the two CMEs in the heliosphere. First, the ambient solar wind is modelled, followed by the time-dependent injection of CME1 with the LFF spheromak and CME2 with the Flux Rope in 3D (FRi3D) model. The initial conditions of the CMEs are determined by combining observational insights near the Sun, which are fine-tuned to match the in situ observations near 1 au, with additional numerical experiments related to each individual CME.

Results. By introducing CME1 before CME2 in the EUHFORIA simulation, we modelled the negative Bz component in the sheath region ahead of CME2 whose formation can be attributed to the interaction between CME1 and CME2. To reproduce the positive Bz component in the magnetic ejecta of CME2, we had to initialise CME2 with an orientation determined at 0.1 au and consistent with the orientation interpreted at 1 au instead of the orientation observed during its eruption.

Conclusions. EUHFORIA simulations suggest the possibility of a significant rotation of CME2 in the low corona in order to explain the in situ observations at 1 au. Coherent magnetic field rotations with enhanced strength (potentially geoeffective) can be formed in the sheath region as a result of interactions between two CMEs in the heliosphere even if the individual CMEs are not geoeffective.
Implementation Principles of Optimal Control Technology for the Reduction of Greenhouse Gases in Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Liang Yuling , Tan KonTee , Li Yuanzhe
Published: June 2023

Climate change is occurring at a much faster rate than in the past and it cannot be explained solely by natural causes. Humans, specifically the greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions produced by human activity, are the primary cause of the earth’s rapidly changing climate today. As one of the most GHG emission industries, semiconductor, at present, there is no clear guideline for the implementation of significant reduction method for many fluorinated compounds (FCs), N2O and NF3 greenhouse gases in the domestic and overseas semiconductor industry. Therefore, this report, implementation principles of optimal control technology for the GHG emissions have been proposed based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and old reduction method. This reduction method is suitable for the installation of efficient exhaust gas destruction equipment for the removal of FCs and N2O from Etching, Thin Film, including chemical/physical vapour deposition, and Diffusion processes in the semiconductor industry.