bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of fetal heart rate tracings prior to uterine rupture
Authors: Ayres A.W , Johnson T.R.B , Hayashi R
Published: July 2002

Objective: To identify the fetal heart rate patterns that occurred in a 2‐h period of time preceding uterine rupture. Methods: The fetal monitor strips and the medical records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of uterine rupture were reviewed. These patients delivered at the University of Michigan Hospital from January 1, 1985 to December 31, 1999 and were ≥28 weeks gestational age. Asymptomatic uterine scar dehiscences were excluded. The weeks of gestation, the number of cesarean sections, the surgical findings, and the maternal complications were obtained from the review of the maternal records. The fetal monitor strips for the 2 h preceding the uterine rupture were analyzed, and the fetal heart rate patterns were classified. Results: During the study period, there were 11 patients identified with uterine rupture. Seven of the 11 (64%) had operative or post‐operative complications. There were no maternal deaths. Review of the eight fetal heart rate tracings available revealed 7/8 (87.5%) with recurrent late decelerations and 4/8 (50%) with terminal bradycardia. All four of the patients with fetal bradycardia were preceded by recurrent late decelerations (100%). Conclusions: The most common fetal heart rate abnormalities that occurred prior to uterine rupture were recurrent late decelerations and bradycardia. The appearance of recurrent late decelerations may be an early sign of impending uterine rupture.
Golvesin‐GFP fusions as distinct markers for Golgi and post‐Golgi vesicles in Dictyostelium cells
Authors: Schneider Natalie , Schwartz Jean‐Marc , Köhler Jana , Becker Michael , Schwarz Heinz , Gerisch Günther
Published: July 2002

Golvesin is a new protein associated with membranes of the Golgi apparatus and post‐Golgi vesicles in Dictyostelium cells. An internal hydrophobic sequence of 24 amino‐acid residues is responsible for anchoring golvesin to the membranes of these organelles. In an attempt to visualize organelle dynamics in vivo, we have used specific antibody and other labels to localize golvesin—green fluorescent protein (GFP) constructs to different cellular compartments. With a GFP tag at its N‐terminus, golvesin shows the same localization as the untagged protein. It is transferred to two post‐Golgi compartments, the endosomal and contractile vacuole systems. Endosomes are decorated with GFP—golvesin within less than 10 min of their internalisation, and keep the label during the acidic phase of the pathway.

Blockage of the C‐terminus with GFP causes entrapment of the protein in the Golgi apparatus, indicating that a free C‐terminus is required for transfer of golvesin to any of the post‐Golgi compartments. The C‐terminally tagged golvesin proved to be a reliable Golgi marker in Dictyostelium cells revealing protrusion of Golgi tubules at peak velocities of 3 to 4 μm·s–1. The fusion protein is retained in Golgi vesicles during mitosis, visualizing Golgi disassembly and reorganization in line with cytokinesis.
Healing of full‐thickness tears of avian supracoracoid tendons: in situ hybridization of α1(I) and α1(III) procollagen mRNA
Authors: Kobayashi Kunihiko , Hamada Kazutoshi , Gotoh Masafumi , Handa Akiyoshi , Yamakawa Hideyuki , Fukuda Hiroaki
Published: July 2002

Although clinically significant, much remains unknown about the healing of the torn rotator cuff tendon, because of unavailability of appropriate animal model. The human supraspinatus tendon faces the subacromial bursa superiorly, and the joint capsule inferiorly, while the digital flexor tendon is surrounded by the synovium. We hypothesized that the supraspinatus tendon heals by the process which is different from that observed with digital flexor tendons, in which epitenon cells migrate into the torn portion circumferentially. The avian supracoracoid tendon was adopted for this experiment because of its similarity to the human supraspinatus tendon. We developed a full‐thickness tendon laceration followed by primary suture. The objective of this study was to detect localization of the responsible cells for repair of the tendon. We examined the process using histology and in situ hybridization. Starting at week 1, the peritendon cells of the bursal side proliferated and migrated into the laceration site. At week 6, the tendon stumps were continuous with new connective tissue. High‐level expression of procollagen mRNA in the proliferating peritendon cells on the bursal side demonstrates to contribute to the reparative process, which progressed to the joint side. This mode of repair is different from that of the digital flexor tendon. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Role of NGF in axotomy‐induced c‐JUN expressionin medial septal cholinergic neurons
Authors: Haas Carola A. , Frotscher Michael
Published: July 2002

The extent of neuronal regeneration after axotomy largely depends on the survivalcapacity of the injured cell. It has been shown for a long time that nerve fiber transection results inretrograde changes in the parent neuronal cell body, and that these changes may eventually lead toneuronal degeneration.13 At present, little is known about the sequence of events initiatedin a nerve cell body by the transection of its axonal process. In this report, we will focus on aninteraction of nerve growth factor (NGF) with the transcription factor c‐Jun in intact andaxotomized septohippocampal projection neurons.
Thromboembolism in heart failure, old ideas and new challenges
Authors: Isnard Richard , Komajda Michel
Published: July 2002

Until now, the administration of antithrombotic therapy in patients with congestive heart failure has not been well codified. The incidence of thromboembolic complication, such as stroke, peripheral or pulmonary embolism, is regarded as too low to justify the use of anticoagulation in non‐selected patients. However, other thrombotic complications may occur especially in patients with ischemic heart failure and represent potential targets for antithrombotic therapy. The objective of this paper is to review the available evidence in the absence of the results of large ongoing trials.
Mallinckrodt donates hand sanitizers to all OTPs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2020

Mallinckrodt, a pharmaceutical company that makes methadone and buprenorphine for opioid treatment programs (OTPs) as well as many other medications, started out making hand sanitizer for its own plant employees when the pandemic began this winter. It wasn't long, however, before the company recognized that OTPs needed hand sanitizer — like everyone else, they were unable to get it. So last month, the St. Louis–based company started distributing it — for free — to all OTPs, not only its customers.
TMZ shifts blame from police to drugs in Floyd death coverage
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2020

Last week, the Hennepin County Medical Examiner released the cause of death report of George Floyd, and when celebrity website TMZ got hold of it, it started what seemed like blaming the victim. Floyd's murder by the police was followed by days of protests around the country. The Minneapolis police officers involved — one choked him to death with a knee on his throat while the others watched — were fired. But TMZ's headline said “M.E. says he died from heart attack, had fentanyl…,” and the article went on to interpret the death certificate as follows: “In other words … he suffered a heart attack while they were arresting him, and that complicated their efforts to subdue him. The report says George had fentanyl in his system, and they also found signs of recent methamphetamine use. It also says his manner of death is homicide.”
Quantitative Correlation of Nanotopography with Cell Spreading via Focal Adhesions Using Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Yun Young‐Shik , Kang Eun‐Hye , Ji Seungmuk , Lee Su‐Bong , Kim Yong Oock , Yun In Sik , Yeo Jong‐Souk
Published: June 2020

Nanotopography mimicking extracellular environments reportedly impact cell morphological changes; however, elucidating this relationship has been challenging. To control cellular responses using nanostructures, in this study, the quantitative relationship between nanotopography and cell spreading mediated by focal adhesions (FAs) is demonstrated using adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs). The spreading of ASCs and area of FAs are analyzed for the distribution of filamentous actin and vinculin, respectively, using fluorescent images. FAs require a specific area for adhesion (herein defined as effective contact area [ECA]) to maintain cell attachment on nanopillar arrays. An ECA is the area of FAs supported by nanopillars, multiplying the area fraction (AF) of their top surface. Regarding the spreading of cells, the mean area of ASCs linearly decreases as the mean area of FAs increases. Because the area of FAs is inversely correlated to the AF of the nanopillar arrays, the spreading of cells can be quantitatively correlated with nanotopography. The results provide a conceptual framework for controlling cell behaviors to design artificial substrates for tissue‐engineering applications.
Chiral Nanoceramics
Authors: Fan Jinchen , Kotov Nicholas A.
Published: June 2020

The study of different chiral inorganic nanomaterials has been experiencing rapid growth during the past decade, with its primary focus on metals and semiconductors. Ceramic materials can substantially expand the range of mechanical, optical, chemical, electrical, magnetic, and biological properties of chiral nanostructures, further stimulating theoretical, synthetic, and applied research in this area. An ever‐expanding toolbox of nanoscale engineering and self‐organization provides a chirality‐based methodology for engineering of hierarchically organized ceramic materials. However, fundamental discoveries and technological translations of chiral nanoceramics have received substantially smaller attention than counterparts from metals and semiconductors. Findings in this research area are scattered over a variety of sources and subfields. Here, the diversity of chemistries, geometries, and properties found in chiral ceramic nanostructures are summarized. They represent a compelling materials platform for realization of chirality transfer through multiple scales that can result in new forms of ceramic materials. Multiscale chiral geometries and the structural versatility of nanoceramics are complemented by their high chiroptical activity, enantioselectivity, catalytic activity, and biocompatibility. Future development in this field is likely to encompass chiral synthesis, biomedical applications, and optical/electronic devices. The implementation of computationally designed chiral nanoceramics for biomimetic catalysts and quantum information devices may also be expected.
Porous Organic Polymers as Promising Electrode Materials for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Liu Xu , Liu Cheng‐Fang , Lai Wen‐Yong , Huang Wei
Published: June 2020

Eco‐friendly and efficient energy production and storage technologies are highly demanded to address the environmental and energy crises. Compared with the extensive study of energy conversion, the study of energy storage is relatively lagging far behind. Porous organic polymers (POPs) involving crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and amorphous conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have been recently proposed as attractive electrode materials for energy storage devices including supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries. Herein, recent development and essential design guidelines of POPs as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries are discussed at length with particular focus on the synthetic methods, the working mechanism, and the structure–property relationships of POPs, which will provide a deep understanding of the intrinsic characteristics of POPs. Future prospects and challenges of POPs as electrode materials for energy storage devices are also discussed at the end.
Fully‐Textile Seam‐Line Sensors for Facile Textile Integration and Tunable Multi‐Modal Sensing of Pressure, Humidity, and Wetness
Authors: Agcayazi Talha , Tabor Jordan , McKnight Michael , Martin Isaac , Ghosh Tushar K. , Bozkurt Alper
Published: June 2020

The unique potential of e‐textiles for unobtrusive and ubiquitous monitoring and their innovative interfacing with electronic devices has garnished great attention. Sensors are one of the few essential devices or components necessary for most functional e‐textile applications. Ideally, any e‐textile based sensor should be soft, easily integrated in textile manufacturing processes, and tunable for the desired applications. Here, an easy‐to‐manufacture, tunable, fully‐textile sensor system with capability of detecting pressure, humidity, or wetness is presented. Capacitive pressure sensors are formed via a traditional sewing process with two commercially available conductive sewing yarns (silver‐plated polyamide (silver) and stainless steel (SS)) with cotton knit, polyethylene‐terephthalate (PET) knit and elastomeric meltblown textile dielectrics. The relationship between the sensor's physical, mechanical, and electromechanical properties including hysteresis, sensitivity, response, and relaxation time is evaluated. In addition, the same sensor configuration is assessed for its humidity and wetness sensing performance. Results indicate that pressure, relative humidity (RH), and wetness sensing performance are easily tunable using different combinations of the conductive and dielectric textile materials. Finally, proof of concept deployment demonstrations as human‐machine interfaces within a pressure sensing mat and a smart glove capable of remotely controlling a drone are provided.
Full‐Color Micro‐LED Display with CsPbBr3 Perovskite and CdSe Quantum Dots as Color Conversion Layers
Authors: Yin Yongming , Hu Zhiping , Ali Muhammad Umair , Duan Miao , Gao Lu , Liu Ming , Peng Wenxiang , Geng Jing , Pan Su , Wu Yongwei , Hou Jun , Fan Jack , Li Dongze , Zhang Xin , Meng Hong
Published: June 2020

Combining blue micro‐light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with color conversion layers (CCLs) is a promising approach to develop efficient full‐color displays. However, no such practical display is reported so far potentially because of two major challenges, i.e., rarely available color conversion materials and severe crosstalk effect among adjacent pixels due to the thick sapphire substrates of LED chips. Here, a full‐color micro‐LED display prototype by combining rationally designed blue micro‐LEDs backlight with CsPbBr3 perovskite and CdSe QDs as green and red CCLs, respectively, is presented. The color gamut of the fabricated display can reach as high as 129% of the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC). Notably, the color gamut can still reach 126% NTSC even when only green light is converted through perovskite CCL while the other two colors are achieved from conventional micro‐LEDs. This is the first demonstration on employing perovskite materials as CCL in full‐color micro‐LEDs display.
Emerging Technologies for Local Cancer Treatment
Authors: Chua Corrine Ying Xuan , Ho Jeremy , Demaria Sandra , Ferrari Mauro , Grattoni Alessandro
Published: June 2020

The fundamental limitations of systemic therapeutic administration have prompted the development of local drug delivery platforms as a solution to increase effectiveness and reduce side effects. By confining therapeutics to the site of disease, local delivery technologies can enhance therapeutic index. This review highlights recent advances and opportunities in local drug delivery strategies for cancer treatment in addition to challenges that need to be addressed to facilitate clinical translation. The benefits of local cancer treatment combined with technological advancements and increased understanding of the tumor microenvironment, present a prime breakthrough opportunity for safer and more effective therapies.
Photoinduced Tunable and Reconfigurable Electronic and Photonic Devices Using a Silk‐Based Diffractive Optics Platform
Authors: Cai Xiaoqing , Zhou Zhitao , Tao Tiger H.
Published: June 2020

A remarkable feature of modern electronic and photonic devices is the ability to maintain their geometric and physical properties in various circumstances for practical applications. However, there is an increasing demand for reconfigurable devices and systems that can be triggered or switched by external stimuli to change geometric, physical, and/or biochemical properties to meet specific requirements such as compact, lightweight, energy‐efficient, and tunable features. Here, a set of phototunable and photoreconfigurable electronic and photonic devices composed of reconfigurable arithmetic circuits and programmable coding metamaterials at terahertz frequencies, empowered by a diffractive optics platform using naturally extracted silk proteins, is reported. These protein‐based diffract optics are precisely manufactured into special microstructures for phase modulation of incident light and can be programmed to degrade at controlled rates. This allows spatial and temporal transformation of the incident light into desired intensity profiles to modulate the electrical properties of multiple photosensitive elements/components within the device simultaneously or discretely. Thus, the optoelectronic functionality of fabricated devices can be tailored to specific applications. Therefore, the approach makes it possible to efficiently fabricate tunable, reconfigurable transient electronic and photonic devices and systems.
A Comparative Study of Redox Mediators for Improved Performance of Li–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhang Chengji , Dandu Naveen , Rastegar Sina , Misal Saurabh N. , Hemmat Zahra , Ngo Anh T. , Curtiss Larry A. , Salehi‐Khojin Amin
Published: June 2020

Redox meditators (RMs) are soluble catalysts located in an electrolyte that can improve the energy efficiency (reduced overpotential) and cyclability of Li–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. In this work, 20 RMs within a Li–O2 system with dimethyl sulfoxide and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether electrolytes are studied and their electrochemical features such as redox potential, the separation of cathodic and anodic peaks, and their current intensities are measured using cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments. Six RMs are selected as “primary” choices based on their electrochemical performance, and stability tests are then performed to examine their electrochemical responses after consecutive cycles. Moreover, galvanostatic cycling tests are performed within a Li–O2 battery system assembled with selected six RMs for real case consistency investigations. It is found that results from CV to galvanostatic cycling tests are consistent for halides and organometallic RMs, where the former exhibit much higher stability. However, the organic RMs show high reversibility in CV but low in battery cycling results. Density functional theory calculations are carried out to gain more understanding of the stability and redox potentials of the RMs. This study provides comparative information to select the most reliable RMs for Li–O2 batteries along with new fundamental understanding of their electrochemical activity and stability.
Surface‐Guided Formation of Amorphous Mixed‐Metal Oxyhydroxides on Ultrathin MnO2 Nanosheet Arrays for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Fang Ming , Han Dong , Xu Wen‐Bo , Shen Yun , Lu Youming , Cao Peijiang , Han Shun , Xu Wangying , Zhu Deliang , Liu Wenjun , Ho Johnny C.
Published: June 2020

Earth‐abundant amorphous nanomaterials with rich structural defects are promising alternative catalysts to noble metals for an efficient electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction; however, their inferior electrical conductivity and poor morphological control during synthesis hamper the full realization of their potency in electrocatalysis. Herein, a rapid surface‐guided synthetic approach is proposed to introduce amorphous and mixed‐metal oxyhydroxide overlayers on ultrathin Ni‐doped MnO2 (NiMnO2) nanosheet arrays via a galvanic replacement mechanism. This method results in a monolithic 3D porous catalyst with a small overpotential of only 232 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH, which is much lower than the corresponding value of 307 mV for the NiMnO2 reference sample. Detailed structural and electrochemical characterization reveal that the unique NiMnO2 ultrathin nanosheet arrays do not only provide a large surface area to guide the formation of active amorphous catalyst layers but also ensure the effective charge transport owing to their high electron conductivity, collectively contributing to the greatly improved catalyst activity. It is envisioned that this highly operable surface‐guide synthetic strategy may open up new avenues for the design and fabrication of novel 3D nanoarchitectures integrated with functional amorphous materials for broadened ranges of applications.
A Metal Organic Framework Derived Solid Electrolyte for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chiochan Poramane , Yu Xingwen , Sawangphruk Montree , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: June 2020

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are currently considered as promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage technologies. However, their practical application is hindered by the critical issue of the polysulfide‐shuttle. Herein, a metal organic framework (MOF)‐derived solid electrolyte is presented to address it. The MOF solid electrolyte is developed based on a Universitetet i Oslo (UIO) structure. By grafting a lithium sulfonate (‐SO3Li) group to the UIO ligand, both the ionic conductivity and the polysulfide‐suppression capability of the resulting ‐SO3Li grafted UIO (UIOSLi) solid electrolyte are greatly improved. After integrating a Li‐based ionic liquid (Li‐IL), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, the resulting Li‐IL/UIOSLi solid electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity of 3.3 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. Based on its unique structure, the Li‐IL/UIOSLi solid electrolyte effectively restrains the polysulfide shuttle and suppresses lithium dendritic growth. Lithium–sulfur cells with the Li‐IL/UIOSLi solid electrolyte and a Li2S6 catholyte show stable cycling performance that preserves 84% of the initial capacity after 250 cycles with a capacity‐fade rate of 0.06% per cycle.
Activating variants in PDGFRB result in a spectrum of disorders responsive to imatinib monotherapy
Authors: Wenger Tara L. , Bly Randall A. , Wu Natalie , Albert Catherine M. , Park Julie , Shieh Joseph , Chenbhanich Jirat , Heike Carrie L. , Adam Margaret P. , Chang Irene , Sun Angela , Miller Danny E. , Beck Anita E. , Gupta Deepti , Boos Markus D. , Zackai Elaine H. , Everman David , Ganapathi Shireen , Wilson Meredith , Christodoulou John , Zarate Yuri A. , Curry Cynthia , Li Dong , Guimier Anne , Amiel Jeanne , Hakonarson Hakon , Webster Richard , Bhoj Elizabeth J. , Perkins Jonathan A. , Dahl John P. , Dobyns William B.
Published: June 2020

More than 50 individuals with activating variants in the receptor tyrosine kinase PDGFRB have been reported, separated based on clinical features into solitary myofibromas, infantile myofibromatosis, Penttinen syndrome with premature aging and osteopenia, Kosaki overgrowth syndrome, and fusiform aneurysms. Despite their descriptions as distinct clinical entities, review of previous reports demonstrates substantial phenotypic overlap. We present a case series of 12 patients with activating variants in PDGFRB and review of the literature. We describe five patients with PDGFRB activating variants whose clinical features overlap multiple diagnostic entities. Seven additional patients from a large family had variable expressivity and late‐onset disease, including adult onset features and two individuals with sudden death. Three patients were treated with imatinib and had robust and rapid response, including the first two reported infants with multicentric myofibromas treated with imatinib monotherapy and one with a recurrent p.Val665Ala (Penttinen) variant. Along with previously reported individuals, our cohort suggests infants and young children had few abnormal features, while older individuals had multiple additional features, several of which appeared to worsen with advancing age. Our analysis supports a diagnostic entity of a spectrum disorders due to activating variants in PDGFRB. Differences in reported phenotypes can be dramatic and correlate with advancing age, genotype, and to mosaicism in some individuals.
Elektroenzymatische Stickstofffixierung unter Verwendung eines MoFe‐Proteinsystems immobilisiert in einem organischen Redoxpolymer
Authors: Lee Yoo Seok , Ruff Adrian , Cai Rong , Lim Koun , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Minteer Shelley D.
Published: June 2020

Wir berichten über ein auf einem Polymer basierendes, elektroenzymatisches Stickstofffixierungssystem unter Verwendung eines metallfreien Redoxpolymers – mit Neutralrot modifiziertes Poly(glycidylmethacrylat‐co‐methylmethacrylat‐co‐poly(ethylenglycol)methacrylat), das ein niedriges Redoxpotential von −0.58 V vs. SCE besitzt. Die stabile und effiziente elektrische Kontaktierung der Nitrogenase innerhalb der Redoxpolymermatrix ermöglicht eine mediierte Bioelektrokatalyse von N3−, NO2− und N2 zu NH3, die durch das MoFe‐Protein über die polymergebundenen Redoxeinheiten, die in der Polymermatrix verteilt sind, katalysiert wird. Elektrolyse produzierte 209±30 nmol NH3 nmol MoFe−1 h−1 durch N2‐Reduktion. Die biosynthetische N2‐Reduktion zu NH3 wurde durch 15N2‐Markierungsexperimente und NMR‐Analysen bestätigt.
Unexpected difficult airway management in a transgender female patient
Authors: Vowles B. J. , Ahmad I. , Christodoulides G.
Published: June 2020

A transgender female patient, who had previously undergone gender‐confirming feminisation surgery to the face and larynx, was scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one‐lung ventilation. We encountered unexpected difficult airway management and difficulty inserting an appropriately‐sized double‐lumen tube. A size 41Fr double‐lumen tube, which is selected commonly for biological males, was used eventually for lung isolation and subsequently exchanged for a size 6.5 single‐lumen tracheal tube at the end of the case, before successful extubation with a staged extubation set. It is important to highlight the challenges faced, as the care of transgender patients is likely to be unfamiliar to most anaesthetists, despite the increase in the number of gender‐confirming procedures performed. Many of these procedures involve the face and airway and can result in significant challenges for airway management, including appropriate sizing of tracheal tubes and their correct placement. It is also possible that patients may not volunteer a history of these procedures and it should be enquired about specifically as part of the anaesthetic pre‐assessment.
Simultaneous characterization of poly(acrylic acid) and polysaccharide polymers and copolymers
Authors: Epping Ruben , Panne Ulrich , Hiller Wolf , Gruendling Till , Staal Bastiaan , Lang Christiane , Lamprou Alexandros , Falkenhagen Jana
Published: June 2020

Copolymer products that result from grafting acrylic acid and other hydrophilic monomers onto polysaccharides have recently gained significant interest in research and industry. Originating from renewable sources, these biodegradable, low toxicity, and polar copolymer products exhibit potential to replace polymers from fossil sources in several applications and industries. The methods usually employed to characterize these copolymers are, however, quite limited, especially for the measurement of bulk properties. With more sophisticated applications, for example, in pharmaceutics requiring a more detailed analysis of the chemical structure, we describe a new approach for this kind of complex polymers. Our approach utilizes chromatography in combination with several detection methods to separate and characterize reaction products of the copolymerization of acrylic acid and chemically hydrolyzed starch. These samples consisted of a mixture of homopolymer poly (acrylic acid), homopolymer hydrolyzed starch, and – in a lower amount – the formed copolymers. Several chromatographic methods exist that are capable of characterizing either poly (acrylic acid) or hydrolyzed starch. In contrast, our approach offers simultaneous characterization of both polymers. The combination of LC and UV/RI offered insight into the composition and copolymer content of the samples. Size exclusion chromatography experiments revealed the molar mass distribution of homopolymers and copolymers. FTIR investigations confirmed the formation of copolymers while ESI‐MS gave more details on the end groups of hydrolyzed starches and poly (acrylic acids). Evidence of copolymer structures was obtained through NMR measurements. Finally, two‐dimensional chromatography led to the separation of the copolymers from both homopolymers as well as the additional separation of sodium clusters. The methods described in this work are a powerful toolset to characterize copolymerization products of hydrolyzed starch and poly(acrylic acid). Together, our approach successfully correlates the physicochemical properties of such complex mixtures with their actual composition.
Novel insights into the marine phase and river fidelity of anadromous twaite shad Alosa fallax in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Davies Peter , Britton Robert J. , Nunn Andrew D. , Dodd Jamie R. , Crundwell Charles , Velterop Randolph , Ó’Maoiléidigh Niall , O'Neill Ross , Sheehan Emma V. , Stamp Thomas , Bolland Jonathan D.
Published: June 2020

Most research on anadromous fishes has been invested in their freshwater life‐phases, resulting in a relatively sparse understanding of their spatial ecology during marine life‐phases. However, understanding the marine dispersal of anadromous fishes is essential to identify threats and to implement conservation measures that fully encompass their lifecycle.

The twaite shad Alosa fallax is an anadromous fish increasingly imperilled across its range due to pollution, harvesting, and impediments to freshwater migration, but little is known about its distribution and movements during its marine life‐phase. Here, the application of acoustic telemetry provided novel insights into the coastal dispersal of twaite shad in the UK and Ireland during 2018–2019, and the freshwater entry of individuals during the 2019 spawning season.

Of 73 twaite shad acoustic‐tagged during their upstream migration in the River Severn in May 2018, 58 emigrated from the river. Twelve were subsequently detected 200 km to the south‐west at the Taw–Torridge Estuary between July 2018 and April 2019, where estuarine movements up to 5.8 km inland occurred in summer, winter, and spring. One was subsequently detected in the Munster Blackwater Estuary (Ireland) and then in the River Severn, indicating a minimum movement distance of 950 km. Thirty‐four (59%) of the emigrating individuals from 2018 re‐entered fresh water in the rivers Severn (n = 33) and Wye (n = 2) in April and May 2019.

These results suggest year‐round use of estuarine and nearshore habitats by at least a subset of the twaite shad population during their marine phase, providing evidence of potential range overlap between populations that spawn in different areas in the UK and Ireland, which may be facilitated by substantial dispersal. The results also highlight the potential of telemetry for estimating freshwater and marine mortality, and the benefits of sharing detection data across networks.
Dauer des Druckaufbaus bei Luftdichtheitsprüfungen sehr dichter Gebäude
Authors: Zeller Joachim
Published: June 2020

Bei der Blower‐Door‐Messung üblicher Häuser wird der erforderliche Differenzdruck an der Gebäudehülle, anders als oft von Laien erwartet, fast sofort erreicht. Aber bei sehr dichten Gebäuden kann es Minuten dauern, bis sich der Differenzdruck praktisch nicht mehr ändert. Aufgrund von windbedingten Druckschwankungen kann der Messdienstleister nicht ohne weiteres erkennen, wann dieser Zustand erreicht ist. Deshalb wird in diesem Artikel für einen idealisierten Ventilator mit druckunabhängigem, konstantem Volumenstrom hergeleitet, wie sich der Differenzdruck mit der Zeit entwickelt. Die wichtigste Erkenntnis: Den wesentlichsten Einfluss auf die erforderliche Wartezeit hat die Luftwechselrate bei 50 Pa, n50. Die erforderliche Wartezeit ist dazu umgekehrt proportional. Man kann eine einfache Faustformel, die Sieben‐Sekunden‐Regel, aufstellen: Dividiert man die Zahl 7 durch den Zahlenwert der Luftwechselrate bei 50 Pa (in h–1), erhält man die Wartezeit in Sekunden. Andere Einflussgrößen auf die Wartezeit sind der Strömungsexponent und die Höhe des Ziel‐Differenzdrucks.
Review colleagues’ insights, guidance for managing impact of COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2020

The COVID‐19 crisis sent college athletics administrators hurtling into a whole new realm. And it happened so completely out of the blue that there was very little time to prepare, and nothing to compare it to. But, once again, college athletics administrators throughout the country have excelled at adapting to and learning from the circumstances of a crisis.
Protein NMR Spectroscopy at 150 kHz Magic‐Angle Spinning Continues To Improve Resolution and Mass Sensitivity
Authors: Schledorn Maarten , Malär Alexander A. , Torosyan Anahit , Penzel Susanne , Klose Daniel , Oss Andres , Org Mai‐Liis , Wang Shishan , Lecoq Lauriane , Cadalbert Riccardo , Samoson Ago , Böckmann Anja , Meier Beat H.
Published: June 2020

Spectral resolution is the key to unleashing the structural and dynamic information contained in NMR spectra. Fast magic‐angle spinning (MAS) has recently revolutionized the spectroscopy of biomolecular solids. Herein, we report a further remarkable improvement in the resolution of the spectra of four fully protonated proteins and a small drug molecule by pushing the MAS rotation frequency higher (150 kHz) than the more routinely used 100 kHz. We observed a reduction in the average homogeneous linewidth by a factor of 1.5 and a decrease in the observed linewidth by a factor 1.25. We conclude that even faster MAS is highly attractive and increases mass sensitivity at a moderate price in overall sensitivity.
Phyllosilicate‐derived Nickel‐cobalt Bimetallic Nanoparticles for the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Imines, Oximes and N‐heteroarenes
Authors: Ciotonea Carmen , Hammi Nisrine , Dhainaut Jérémy , Marinova Maya , Ungureanu Adrian , El Kadib Abdelkrim , Michon Christophe , Royer Sébastien
Published: June 2020

The development of cost‐effective, noble metal‐free catalytic systems for the hydrogenation of unsaturated aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds is fundamental for future valorization of general feedstock. With this aim, we report here the preparation of highly dispersed bimetallic Ni/Co nanoparticles (NPs), by a one‐pot deposition‐precipitation of Ni and Co phases onto mesoporous SBA‐15 silica. By adjusting the chemical composition in the starting mixture, three supported catalysts with different Ni to Co weight ratios were obtained, which were further subjected to treatments under reducing conditions at high temperatures. Characterization of the resulting solids evidenced a homogenous distribution of Ni and Co elements forming the NPs, the best results being obtained for Ni/Co‐2 : 2 samples, for which 50 wt.% Ni–50 wt.% Co NPs are found located on the surface of the residual phyllosilicate. Ni/Co‐2 : 2, presenting the best performances for the hydrogenation of 2‐methyl‐quinoline, was further evaluated in the catalytic hydrogenation of selected imines, oximes and N‐heteroarenes. Due to the high dispersion of bimetallic Ni−Co NPs, excellent properties (activity and selectivity) in the conversion of the selected substrates are reported.
Temperature Effects in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Lochner Tim , Kluge Regina M. , Fichtner Johannes , El‐Sayed Hany A. , Garlyyev Batyr , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S.
Published: June 2020

The behavior of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) strongly depends on the operational temperatures. In mobile applications, for instance in fuel cell electric vehicles, PEMFC stacks are often subjected to temperatures as low as −20 °C, especially during cold start periods, and to temperatures up to 120 °C during regular operation. Therefore, it is important to understand the impact of temperature on the performance and degradation of hydrogen fuel cells to ensure a stable system operation. To get a comprehensive understanding of the temperature effects in PEMFCs, this manuscript addresses and summarizes in‐ situ and ex‐ situ investigations of fuel cells operated at different temperatures. Initially, different measurement techniques for thermal monitoring are presented. Afterwards, the temperature effects related to the degradation and performance of main membrane electrode assembly components, namely gas diffusion layers, proton exchange membranes and catalyst layers, are analyzed.
Electrochemically Generated Interfacial pH Change: Application to Signal‐Triggered Molecule Release
Authors: Bollella Paolo , Melman Artem , Katz Evgeny
Published: June 2020

Electron transfer processes during redox reactions are frequently accompanied with protonation/deprotonation processes, thus changing H+/OH− concentrations. When the redox reactions proceed at electrode surfaces, being electrochemically processed, changes in local interfacial pH are possible, particularly when the electrolyte solution is not strongly buffered. The pH gradient can be produced in the diffusion layer and its thickness depends on the rate of electrochemical process, which is measured as the current density, diffusion rates, and buffer capacity. While conventional techniques for measuring pH values are not applicable to a very thin diffusional layer, special methods have been developed for the interfacial pH measurements, including scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), rotating ring‐disk electrode (RRDE) measurements, various optical methods, particularly using confocal fluorescent microscopy, and others. Dramatic pH changes proceeding in a near‐electrode layer have been reported for H2O reduction/oxidation, O2 reduction, and some other electrochemical electron/proton transfer processes. These pH changes can be used to trigger some other physical processes, particularly (bio)molecule release processes from modified electrodes, which can be destabilized upon the electrochemically generated pH changes, thus releasing entrapped/loaded target molecules. This review‐type article overviews the formation and analysis of locally produced interfacial pH changes and their use for electrochemically triggered (bio)molecule release. The paper briefly reviews the research area, then concentrating on the systems designed recently by the authors.
A Nanotubular Metal–Organic Framework with a Narrow Bandgap from Extended Conjugation**
Authors: Ayhan M. Menaf , Bayraktar Ceyda , Yu Kai Bin , Hanna Gabriel , Yazaydin A. Ozgur , Zorlu Yunus , Yücesan Gündoğ
Published: June 2020

A one‐dimensional nanotubular metal–organic framework (MOF) [Ni(Cu‐H4TPPA)]⋅2 (CH3)2NH2+ (H8TPPA=5,10,15,20‐tetrakis[p‐phenylphosphonic acid] porphyrin) constructed by using the arylphosphonic acid H8TPPA is reported. The structure of this MOF, known as GTUB‐4, was solved by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and its geometric accessible surface area was calculated to be 1102 m2 g−1, making it the phosphonate MOF with the highest reported surface area. Due to the extended conjugation of its porphyrin core, GTUB‐4 possesses narrow indirect and direct bandgaps (1.9 eV and 2.16 eV, respectively) in the semiconductor regime. Thermogravimetric analysis suggests that GTUB‐4 is thermally stable up to 400 °C. Owing to its high surface area, low bandgap, and high thermal stability, GTUB‐4 could find applications as electrodes in supercapacitors.
Ultrabright Terbium Nanoparticles for FRET Biosensing and in Situ Imaging of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors**
Authors: Charpentier Cyrille , Cifliku Vjona , Goetz Joan , Nonat Aline , Cheignon Clémence , Cardoso Dos Santos Marcelina , Francés‐Soriano Laura , Wong Ka‐Leung , Charbonnière Loïc J. , Hildebrandt Niko
Published: June 2020

Lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles (LnNPs) have become an important class of fluorophores for advanced biosensing and bioimaging. LnNPs that are photosensitized by surface‐attached antenna ligands can possess exceptional brightness. However, their functional bioconjugation remains an important challenge for their translation into bioanalytical applications. To solve this problem, we designed a ligand that can be simultaneously applied as efficient light harvesting antenna for Tb surface ions and strong linker of biomolecules to the LnNPs surfaces. To demonstrate generic applicability of the photosensitized TbNP‐bioconjugates, we applied them in two prototypical applications for biosensing and bioimaging. First, in‐solution biorecognition was shown by time‐resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between streptavidin‐functionalized TbNPs to biotinylated dyes (ATTO 610). Second, in situ detection of ligand–receptor binding on cells was accomplished with TbNP‐antibody (Matuzumab) conjugates that could specifically bind to transmembrane epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). High specificity and sensitivity were demonstrated by time‐gated imaging of EGFR on both strongly (A431) and weakly (HeLa and Cos7) EGFR‐expressing cell lines, whereas non‐expressing cell lines (NIH3T3) and EGFR‐passivated A431 cells did not show any signals. Despite the relatively large size of TbNP‐antibody conjugates, they could be internalized by A431 cells upon binding to extracellular EGFR, which showed their potential as bright and stable luminescence markers for intracellular signaling.
A Six‐Armed Phenhomazine Ligand with a Potential “Turn‐Off” Copper(II) Sensing Capability through Terbium(III) Luminescence Quenching
Authors: Trupp Leandro , Bruttomesso Andrea C. , Eliseeva Svetlana V. , Petoud Stéphane , Ramírez Javier A. , Barja Beatriz C.
Published: June 2020

Herein, the design, synthesis, and characterization of a phenhomazine ligand are described. The ligand has six pendant acetate arms designed for the combined coordination of copper(II) and lanthanide(III) ions, with the perspective of developing a “turn‐off” copper sensor. The key step for the ligand preparation was the one‐step endomethylene bridge fission of a diamino Tröger's base with a concomitant alkylation. Fluorescence and absorption spectroscopies as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments were performed to analyze and understand the coordination properties of the ligand. Transition metal coordination was driven by the synergistic effect of the free nitrogen atoms of the diazocinic core and the two central acetate arms attached to those nitrogen atoms, whereas lanthanide coordination is performed by the external acetate arms, presumably forming a self‐assembled 2:2 metallosupramolecular structure. The terbium complex shows the typical green emission with narrow bands and long luminescence lifetimes. The luminescence quenching produced by the presence of copper(II) ions was analyzed. This work sets, therefore, a starting point for the development of a phenhomazine‐based “turn‐off” copper(II) sensor.
An NMR‐Based Biosensor to Measure Stereospecific Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase Activities in Vitro and in Vivo**
Authors: Sánchez‐López Carolina , Labadie Natalia , Lombardo Verónica A. , Biglione Franco A. , Manta Bruno , Jacob Reeba Susan , Gladyshev Vadim N. , Abdelilah‐Seyfried Salim , Selenko Philipp , Binolfi Andres
Published: June 2020

Oxidation of protein methionines to methionine‐sulfoxides (MetOx) is associated with several age‐related diseases. In healthy cells, MetOx is reduced to methionine by two families of conserved methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes, MSRA and MSRB that specifically target the S‐ or R‐diastereoisomers of methionine‐sulfoxides, respectively. To directly interrogate MSRA and MSRB functions in cellular settings, we developed an NMR‐based biosensor that we call CarMetOx to simultaneously measure both enzyme activities in single reaction setups. We demonstrate the suitability of our strategy to delineate MSR functions in complex biological environments, including cell lysates and live zebrafish embryos. Thereby, we establish differences in substrate specificities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic MSRs and introduce CarMetOx as a highly sensitive tool for studying therapeutic targets of oxidative stress‐related human diseases and redox regulated signaling pathways.
Synthesis and Use of Trifluoromethylthiolated Ketenimines
Authors: Guérin Thomas , Pikun Nadiia V. , Morioka Ryutaro , Panossian Armen , Hanquet Gilles , Leroux Frédéric R.
Published: June 2020

The synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated ketenimines is herein described. They are easily synthesized from the corresponding α‐trifluoromethylthiolated oximes upon activation with triflic anhydride and a base. The presumed nitrilium ion resulting from the Beckmann rearrangement is deprotonated to lead to the key intermediate, whose stability brought by the fluorinated substituent was unforeseeable. The reaction of these new building blocks with a variety of nucleophiles affords a vast array of cyclic and acyclic products bearing the valuable SCF3 moiety.
On students’ perception of low‐cost experimental equipment. Distillation in small‐scale
Authors: Bögge Laura , Lühken Arnim
Published: June 2020

Von medizintechnischem Zubehör wie Kunststoffspritzen, Kanülen und Ampullengläsern bis hin zu Blisterpackungen oder Teelichthüllen – Experimentiervorschläge, die mit Low‐Cost‐Materialien realisiert werden, sollen eine kostengünstige, zeitökonomische, umweltfreundliche und zugleich motivierende Alternative für Schülerexperimente auch bei hohen Schülerzahlen sein. Bisher gibt es jedoch keine fachdidaktischen Studien, die den praktischen Einsatz solcher Materialien hinsichtlich genannter Aspekte auch empirisch untersuchen. Präsentiert wird daher eine Studie mit N=89 Schülerinnen und Schülern einer Realschule, die eine Low‐Cost‐Destillation durchgeführt haben und anschließend zu ihren praktischen Erfahrungen sowie ihrer Wahrnehmung hinsichtlich der Materialien befragt wurden. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Erhebung werden kategorisiert dargestellt und genutzt, um praktische Implikationen für den generellen Einsatz von Low‐Cost‐Materialien im Unterricht ableiten zu können.
Structure‐Based Macrocyclization of Substrate Analogue NS2B‐NS3 Protease Inhibitors of Zika, West Nile and Dengue viruses
Authors: Braun Niklas J. , Quek Jun P. , Huber Simon , Kouretova Jenny , Rogge Dorothee , Lang‐Henkel Heike , Cheong Ezekiel Z. K. , Chew Bing L. A. , Heine Andreas , Luo Dahai , Steinmetzer Torsten
Published: June 2020

A series of cyclic active‐site‐directed inhibitors of the NS2B‐NS3 proteases from Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV), and dengue‐4 (DENV4) viruses has been designed. The most potent compounds contain a reversely incorporated d‐lysine residue in the P1 position. Its side chain is connected to the P2 backbone, its α‐amino group is converted into a guanidine to interact with the conserved Asp129 side chain in the S1 pocket, and its C terminus is connected to the P3 residue via different linker segments. The most potent compounds inhibit the ZIKV protease with Ki values <5 nM. Crystal structures of seven ZIKV protease inhibitor complexes were determined to support the inhibitor design. All the cyclic compounds possess high selectivity against trypsin‐like serine proteases and furin‐like proprotein convertases. Both WNV and DENV4 proteases are inhibited less efficiently. Nonetheless, similar structure‐activity relationships were observed for these enzymes, thus suggesting their potential application as pan‐flaviviral protease inhibitors.