bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust optimal designs using a model misspecification term
Authors: Tsirpitzi Renata Eirini , Miller Frank , Burman Carl-Fredrik
Published: February 2023

Much of classical optimal design theory relies on specifying a model with only a small number of parameters. In many applications, such models will give reasonable approximations. However, they will often be found not to be entirely correct when enough data are at hand. A property of classical optimal design methodology is that the amount of data does not influence the design when a fixed model is used. However, it is reasonable that a low dimensional model is satisfactory only if limited data is available. With more data available, more aspects of the underlying relationship can be assessed. We consider a simple model that is not thought to be fully correct. The model misspecification, that is, the difference between the true mean and the simple model, is explicitly modeled with a stochastic process. This gives a unified approach to handle situations with both limited and rich data. Our objective is to estimate the combined model, which is the sum of the simple model and the assumed misspecification process. In our situation, the low-dimensional model can be viewed as a fixed effect and the misspecification term as a random effect in a mixed-effects model. Our aim is to predict within this model. We describe how we minimize the prediction error using an optimal design. We compute optimal designs for the full model in different cases. The results confirm that the optimal design depends strongly on the sample size. In low-information situations, traditional optimal designs for models with a small number of parameters are sufficient, while the inclusion of the misspecification term lead to very different designs in data-rich cases.
The proximity between styloid process and internal carotid artery as a possible risk factor for dissection: a case–control study
Authors: Venturini G. , Vuolo L. , Pracucci G. , Picchioni A. , Failli Y. , Benvenuti F. , Sarti C.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The anatomical proximity of the styloid process (SP) to the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) has been recently recognized as a possible risk factor for carotid artery dissection (CAD). We aimed to verify this hypothesis by comparing the minimum distance between SP and ICA in young adult patients (< 55 years) with and without CAD.

Methods

Thirty-one CAD patients (cases) were compared with 41 sex-matched patients without dissection, group one of control (G1), and with 16 sex-matched patients with vertebral artery dissection (VAD), group two of control (G2). Two independent observers measured, on CT angiography images, the minimum distance on the axial plane between the SP and ICA in cases and controls. They evaluated both the intercentric and the marginal distance. Differences between groups were estimated by Student t-test.

Results

SP-ICA intercentric distance ipsilateral to dissection was significantly shorter compared to that of the contralateral side of cases (p < 0.001), to those of left and right side of G1 patients (p < 0.001 for both), and to those of left and right side of G2 patients (p < 0.001 for both). SP-ICA marginal distance of cases was significantly shorter compared to those of left and right side of G1 patients (p < 0.001 for both) and to those of left and right side of G2 patients (p < 0.001 for both).

Conclusion

A short SP-ICA distance appears to be a risk factor for CAD as it likely induces a continuous microtraumatism of the vessel wall during normal head and neck movements.
First Insights into the Bacterial Diversity of Mount Etna Volcanic Caves
Authors: Nicolosi Giuseppe , Gonzalez-Pimentel José L. , Piano Elena , Isaia Marco , Miller Ana Z.
Published: February 2023

While microbial communities in limestone caves across the world are relatively understood, knowledge of the microbial composition in lava tubes is lagging behind. These caves are found in volcanic regions worldwide and are typically lined with multicolored microbial mats on their walls and ceilings. The Mount Etna (Sicily, S-Italy) represents one of the most active volcanos in the world. Due to its outstanding biodiversity and geological features, it was declared Natural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO in 2013. Despite the presence of more than 200 basaltic lava tubes, the microbial diversity of these hypogean systems has never been investigated so far. Here, we investigated bacterial communities in four lava tubes of Mount Etna volcano. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was carried out for the morphological characterization and detection of microbial features. We documented an abundant presence of microbial cells with different morphotypes including rod-shaped, filamentous, and coccoidal cells with surface appendages, resembling actinobacteria reported in other lava tubes across the world. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, the colored microbial mats collected were mostly composed of bacteria belonging to the phylaActinomycetota,Pseudomonadota,Acidobacteriota,Chloroflexota, andCyanobacteria. At the genus level, the analysis revealed a dominance of the genusCrossiella, which is actively involved in biomineralization processes, followed byPseudomonas,Bacillus,Chujaibacter, andSphingomonas. The presence of these taxa is associated with the carbon, nitrogen, and ammonia cycles, and some are possibly related to the anthropic disturbance of these caves. This study provides the first insight into the microbial diversity of the Etna volcano lava tubes, and expands on previous research on microbiology of volcanic caves across the world.
Surgical revascularizations for pediatric moyamoya: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Lee Keng Siang , Zhang John J. Y. , Bhate Sanjay , Ganesan Vijeya , Thompson Dominic , James Greg , Silva Adikarige Haritha Dulanka
Published: February 2023

Introduction

There is no clear consensus regarding the technique of surgical revascularization for moyamoya disease and syndrome (MMD/MMS) in the pediatric population. Previous meta-analyses have attempted to address this gap in literature but with methodological limitations that affect the reliability of their pooled estimates. This meta-analysis aimed to report an accurate and transparent comparison between studies of indirect (IB), direct (DB), and combined bypasses (CB) in pediatric patients with MMD/MMS.

Methods

In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches of Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central were undertaken from database inception to 7 October 2022. Perioperative adverse events were the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes were rates of long-term revascularization, stroke recurrence, morbidity, and mortality.

Results

Thirty-seven studies reporting 2460 patients and 4432 hemispheres were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled mean age was 8.6 years (95% CI: 7.7; 9.5), and 45.0% were male. Pooled proportions of perioperative adverse events were similar between the DB/CB and IB groups except for wound complication which was higher in the former group (RR = 2.54 (95% CI: 1.82; 3.55)). Proportions of post-surgical Matsushima Grade A/B revascularization favored DB/CB over IB (RR = 1.12 (95% CI 1.02; 1.24)). There was no significant difference in stroke recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. After meta-regression analysis, year of publication and age were significant predictors of outcomes.

Conclusions

IB, DB/CB are relatively effective and safe revascularization options for pediatric MMD/MMS. Low-quality GRADE evidence suggests that DB/CB was associated with better long-term angiographic revascularization outcomes when compared with IB, although this did not translate to long-term stroke and mortality benefits.
Occlusal characteristics and oral health-related quality of life in adults operated due to sagittal synostosis in childhood: a case–control study with 26 years of follow-up
Authors: Julku Johanna , Salokorpi Niina , Savolainen Tuula , Vuollo Ville , Pirttiniemi Pertti , Silvola Anna-Sofia
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The aim of this case–control study was to investigate occlusal characteristics, received orthodontic treatment, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and satisfaction with dental esthetics in adults operated due to sagittal synostosis.

Methods

The study group consisted of 40 adults (25 males, 15 females, mean age 27.4 years, range 18–41) who were operated due to isolated sagittal synostosis in childhood. The control group comprised 40 age and gender-matched adults. Occlusal characteristics were evaluated clinically during study visits. Information on the previous orthodontic treatment was collected from dental records. OHRQoL was measured using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), and satisfaction with dental esthetics was evaluated using a visual analogue scale.

Results

No statistically significant differences were found between the patient group and the controls in malocclusion traits (overjet, overbite, molar relationships, crossbite, scissor bite), previous orthodontic treatment, pre-treatment malocclusion diagnoses, OHIP variables, or satisfaction with dental esthetics. However, there was a tendency toward increased overjet and overbite in scaphocephalic patients.

Conclusion

It seems that adults with scaphocephaly operated in childhood do not differ from the average population in terms of occlusion, received orthodontic treatment, or oral health-related well-being.
FE$${}^\textrm{ANN}$$: an efficient data-driven multiscale approach based on physics-constrained neural networks and automated data mining
Authors: Kalina Karl A. , Linden Lennart , Brummund Jörg , Kästner Markus
Published: February 2023

Herein, we present a new data-driven multiscale framework called FE$${}^\textrm{ANN}$$

ANN

which is based on two main keystones: the usage of physics-constrained artificial neural networks (ANNs) as macroscopic surrogate models and an autonomous data mining process. Our approach allows the efficient simulation of materials with complex underlying microstructures which reveal an overall anisotropic and nonlinear behavior on the macroscale. Thereby, we restrict ourselves to finite strain hyperelasticity problems for now. By using a set of problem specific invariants as the input of the ANN and the Helmholtz free energy density as the output, several physical principles, e. g., objectivity, material symmetry, compatibility with the balance of angular momentum and thermodynamic consistency are fulfilled a priori. The necessary data for the training of the ANN-based surrogate model, i. e., macroscopic deformations and corresponding stresses, are collected via computational homogenization of representative volume elements (RVEs). Thereby, the core feature of the approach is given by a completely autonomous mining of the required data set within an overall loop. In each iteration of the loop, new data are generated by gathering the macroscopic deformation states from the macroscopic finite element simulation and a subsequently sorting by using the anisotropy class of the considered material. Finally, all unknown deformations are prescribed in the RVE simulation to get the corresponding stresses and thus to extend the data set. The proposed framework consequently allows to reduce the number of time-consuming microscale simulations to a minimum. It is exemplarily applied to several descriptive examples, where a fiber reinforced composite with a highly nonlinear Ogden-type behavior of the individual components is considered. Thereby, a rather high accuracy could be proved by a validation of the approach.
Multi-objective optimal allocation of multiple capacitors and distributed generators considering different load models using Lichtenberg and thermal exchange optimization techniques
Authors: Elseify Mohamed A. , Kamel Salah , Nasrat Loai , Jurado Francisco
Published: February 2023

Integrating distributed generations (DGs) into the radial distribution system (RDS) are becoming more crucial to capture the benefits of these DGs. However, the non-optimal integration of renewable DGs and shunt capacitors may lead to several operational challenges in distribution systems, including high energy losses, poor voltage quality, reverse power flow, and lower voltage stability. Therefore, in this paper, the multi-objective optimization problem is expressed with precisely selected three conflicting goals, incorporating the reduction in both power loss and voltage deviation and improvement of voltage stability. A new index for voltage deviation called root mean square voltage is suggested. The proposed multi-objective problems are addressed using two freshly metaheuristic techniques for optimal sitting and sizing multiple SCs and renewable DGs with unity and optimally power factors into RDS, presuming several voltage-dependent load models. These optimization techniques are the multi-objective thermal exchange optimization (MOTEO) and the multi-objective Lichtenberg algorithm (MOLA), which are regarded as being physics-inspired techniques. The MOLA is inspired by the physical phenomena of lightning storms and Lichtenberg figures (LF), while the MOTEO is developed based on the concept of Newtonian cooling law. The MOLA as a hybrid algorithm differs from many in the literature since it combines the population and trajectory-based search approaches. Further, the developed methodology is implemented on the IEEE 69-bus distribution network during several optimization scenarios, such as bi- and tri-objective problems. The fetched simulation outcomes confirmed the superiority of the MOTEO algorithm in achieving accurate non-dominated solutions with fewer outliers and standard deviation among all studied metrics.
The cognitive status of chronic subdural hematoma patients after treatment: an exploratory study
Authors: Blaauw Jurre , Hertog Heleen M.den , Holl Dana C. , Thüss Nikki S. , van der Gaag Niels A. , Jellema Korné , Dammers Ruben , Kho Kuan H. , Groen Rob J. M. , Lingsma Hester F. , Jacobs Bram , van der Naalt Joukje
Published: February 2023

Objective

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurological condition, often affecting the elderly. Cognitive impairment is frequently observed at presentation. However, the course and longer term aspects of the cognitive status of CSDH patients are unknown. In this study, we aim to explore the cognitive status of CSDH patients after treatment.

Methods

An exploratory study in which CSDH patients were assessed 3 months after treatment and compared to healthy controls. A total of 56 CSDH patients (age 72.1 SD ± 10.8 years with 43 [77%] males) and 60 healthy controls were included (age 67.5 ± SD 4.8 with 34 [57%] males). Cognitive testing was performed using the Telephonic Interview of Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m), a 12-item questionnaire in which a total of 50 points can be obtained on several cognitive domains.

Results

Median time between treatment and cognitive testing was 93 days (range 76–139). TICS-m scores of CSDH patients were significantly lower than healthy controls, after adjusting for age and sex: mean score 34.6 (95% CI: 33.6–35.9) vs. 39.6 (95% CI: 38.5–40.7), p value < 0.001. More than half (54%) of CSDH patients have cognitive scores at follow-up that correspond with cognitive impairment.

Conclusion

A large number of CSDH patients show significantly worse cognitive status 3 months after treatment compared to healthy controls. This finding underlines the importance of increased awareness for impaired cognition after CSDH. Further research on this topic is warranted.
Is a drainage time of less than 24 h sufficient after chronic subdural hematoma evacuation?
Authors: Bartley Andreas , Hallén Tobias , Tisell Magnus
Published: February 2023

Background

It is well established that the use of a postoperative drain after chronic subdural hematoma surgery reduces recurrence rates, and it is common to use a postoperative drain for longer than 24 h. It is unclear whether this is superior to a shorter drainage time of less than 24 h. Our aim was to compare a postoperative drainage longer or shorter than 24 h after chronic subdural hematoma evacuation.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective single centre study, 207 adult patients undergoing chronic subdural hematoma evacuation with a postoperative drainage longer (LDT-group) or shorter (SDT-group) than 24 h were compared regarding recurrence, mortality within 6 months and complications requiring hospital admission within 30 days. Length of hospital stay was also recorded. An active subgaleal drain was used. In addition to the retrospective cohort, we also studied the total volume drained per hour after cSDH surgery in a prospective cohort of 10 patients.

Results

Recurrence occurred in 12/96 (12.5%) in the LDT-group and in 13/111 (11.7%) patients in the SDT-group (p = 0.15). There was no significant difference between groups regarding recurrence, complications or mortality. The prospective cohort showed that most of the drainage occurred within the first hours after surgery.

Conclusion

Our data show that a postoperative drainage duration of less than 24 h does not lead to an increase in recurrence, complications or mortality compared to a drainage time of more than 24 h. A shorter drainage duration (< 24 h) after cSDH surgery facilitated earlier mobilisation and shorter hospital stay.
Past and present of electrochemical science in Hungary
Authors: Pajkossy Tamás
Published: February 2023

The electrochemistry-related scientific activities in Hungary over the past 3 decades are reviewed. In the first section, we summarize those research areas that are already ceased; in the next section, the ongoing research is discussed; finally, the trends and outlook are highlighted. A special emphasis is put on new experimental methods elaborated in the country.
Interaction Effects of Sowing Date, Irrigation Levels, Chitosan, and Potassium Silicate On Yield and Water Use Efficiency for Maize Grown Under Arid Climate
Authors: Elshamly Ayman M. S.
Published: February 2023

Adopting foliar antiperspirants reduces the negative effects of water stress on crop production. In this study effects of chitosan (Ch) and potassium silicate (PS) on maize sowing at two sowing dates under irrigation water levels (100% of irrigation water applied −Ir00 and 70% of irrigation water applied −Ir70) were investigated. Thus, during the spring and fall seasons of 2020–2021, a field experiment of two similar experiments was conducted at the experimental farm of Water Studies and Research Complex (WSRC) station, National Water Research Center, Toshka—Abu Simbel City, Egypt, which the sowing dates were allocated in the main plot, then a strip-plot design with five replicates was used. It was found that sowing maize seeds in the fall season led to attaining a higher maize yield than in the spring. Moreover, the adoption of Ir70 provides better maize yield and water use efficiency than Ir100, particularly at the fall season sowing date. In addition, the adoption of the higher Ch concentrations in the spring, led to better improvements in maize yield particularly under Ir70, while the adoption of the higher concentrations of PS in the fall seasons, led to better maize yield. It was concluded based on present findings that applying chitosan as foliar applications with concentrations at 500 (mg l−1) under Ir70 in the fall had significant effects to maintain the higher maize yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency in the arid regions as Toshka district and other similar areas.
In COVID We Trust: The Impact of The Pandemic on Religiousness—Evidence from Italian Regions
Authors: Alfano Vincenzo , Ercolano Salvatore , Vecchione Gaetano
Published: February 2023

By changing many aspects of everyday life, the COVID-19 pandemic and the social distance policies implemented to face it have affected the behaviour of people all over the world. Has the pandemic also affected people’s approach towards the divine? Previous evidence suggests that prayer searches on the Internet rose during the pandemic and that people tend to rely mainly on intrinsic rather than extrinsic religiousness to cope with adversity. In the present contribution, using a set of panel random effect estimators, we compare the change in religious attendance in Italian regions before and during the pandemic. Our results suggest that there has been an increase in religiousness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings are robust to several specifications of the model and to different estimators. This suggests that people derive more comfort from religious activities during hard times that are characterized by uncertainty.
The Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy (eDCR) in the Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Lunardi G. , Schiavo P. , Amadori R. , Cellina M. , Termine G.
Published: February 2023

We present the clinical case of a 51-year-old male patient, affected by common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). In his history recurrent orbital cellulitis, exacerbation of chronic right dacryocystitis, lacrimal sac empyema with periodic episodes of dacryocutaneous fistolization. The coexistence of these particular immunological defects and the lack of literature about similar cases required an accurate evaluation of each step of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach. We performed an endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy with “cold” instruments. No surgical complications were observed in the immediate postsurgical period. We balanced the necessity of a follow-up based on frequent office evaluation and the current pandemic emergency, in order to not expose the patient to an additional infectious risk. The discussion will focus on several aspects: the adequacy of radiological, the “cold” surgical technique, the choice of avoiding endocanalicular prostheses. We will discuss also about the use of oral and topical therapy, avoiding probable post-surgical infectious complications.
Recent Advances in the Drying Process of Grains
Authors: Jimoh Kabiru Ayobami , Hashim Norhashila , Shamsudin Rosnah , Man Hasfalina Che , Jahari Mahirah , Onwude Daniel I.
Published: February 2023

Grain drying is a vital operation in preparing finished grain products such as flour, drinks, confectioneries and infant food. The grain drying kinetics is governed by the heat and mass transfer process between the grain and the environment. Incomplete, improper and over-drying are crucial to the grain quality and negatively influence the acceptance of the grain by the consumers. Dried grain moisture content is a critical factor for developing grain drying systems and selecting optimal performance by researchers and the grain processing industry. Many grain drying technologies such as fluidised bed dryers, fixed bed dryers, infrared dryers, microwave dryers, vacuum dryers and freeze dryers have been used in recent years. To improve the drying process of grain, researchers have combined some drying technologies such as microwave + hot air, infrared + hot air and microwave + a fluidised bed dryer. Also, they introduce some treatments such as ultrasound dielectric and dehumidification. These methods enhance the dryer performance, such as higher moisture removal, reduced processing time, higher energy efficiency and nutrient retention. Therefore, this review focused on the drying conditions, time, energy consumption, nutrient retention and cost associated with the reduction of moisture content in grain to a suitable safe level for further processing and storage.
Automated damage detection for port structures using machine learning algorithms in heightfields
Authors: Hake Frederic , Lippmann Paula , Alkhatib Hamza , Oettel Vincent , Neumann Ingo
Published: February 2023

Marine infrastructures such as harbours, bridges, and locks are particularly exposed to salt water and are therefore subject to increasing deterioration. This makes regular inspection of the structures necessary. The inspection is carried out manually, using divers under water. To improve this costly and time-consuming process, we propose to scan the surface and underwater structure of the port with a multi-sensor system (MSS) and classify the obtained point cloud into damaged and undamaged areas fully automatically. The MSS consists of a high-resolution hydro-acoustic underwater multi-beam echo-sounder, an above-water profile laser scanner, and five HDR cameras. In addition to the IMU-GPS/GNSS method known from various applications, hybrid referencing with automatically tracking total stations is used for positioning. The key research idea relies on 3D data from TLS, multi-beam or dense image matching. For this purpose, we build a rasterised heightfield of the point cloud of a harbour structure by reducing the CAD-based geometry from the measured 3D point cloud. To do this, we fit regular shapes into the point cloud and determine the distance of the points to the geometry. To detect anomalies in the data, we use two methods in our approach. First, we use the VGG19 Deep Neural Network (DNN), and second, we use the Local-Outlier-Factors (LOF) method. To test and validate the developed methods, training data was simulated. Afterwards, the developed methods were evaluated on real data set in Lübeck, Germany, which were acquired with the developed Multi-Sensor-System (MSS). In contrast to the traditional, manual method by divers, we have presented an approach that allows for automated, consistent, and complete damage detection. We have achieved an accuracy of 90.5% for the method. The approach can also be applied to other infrastructures such as tunnels and bridges.
Using GIS and Geostatistical Techniques to Identify Neanderthal Campsites at archaeolevel Ob at Abric Romaní
Authors: Gabucio Maria Joana , Bargalló Amèlia , Saladié Palmira , Romagnoli Francesca , Chacón M. Gema , Vallverdú Josep , Vaquero Manuel
Published: February 2023

Although intra-site spatial approaches are considered a key factor when interpreting archaeological assemblages, these are often based on descriptive, qualitative, and subjective observations. Currently, within the framework of research into spatial taphonomy and palimpsest dissection, several studies have begun to employ more quantitative and objective techniques, implementing tools such as geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) methods. This is precisely the approach that the Abric Romaní team is following. In this work, we present GIS and geostatistics methods applied to the faunal and lithic assemblages from archaeolevel Ob, including an analysis of the spatial structure, the identification of clusters and sectors, size and fabric analyses, the projection of vertical profiles, and the reconstruction of a digital elevation model of the paleosurface. The results obtained indicate a clustered distribution, primarily concentrated into four dense accumulations. The predominance of remains < 3 cm in length and the absence of preferential orientations make it possible to rule out a generalised postdepositional movement affecting most of the site, although some local movement has been identified. The horizontal and vertical spatial analyses allow us to identify accumulations of a single material (lithic or faunal) in addition to mixed accumulations (lithic and faunal). Integrating all this data with the results of previous studies (zooarchaeological, refits, combustion structures, and partial lithic technological analyses), we evaluate and combine the interpretations proposed previously using different approaches, thereby improving the overall interpretation of the archaeolevel Ob. Finally, we also develop a preliminary comparison between Ob and some other levels at the same site (in particular M and P).
History, current status, and future vision of particle-tracking simulation applied to marine biology, fisheries science, and ecological engineering around Japan
Authors: Kuroda Hiroshi
Published: February 2023

To understand and manage marine ecosystems for conservation, particle-tracking simulation based on a realistic ocean model is one of the most basic and essential scientific numerical techniques for a multidisciplinary approach. In Japanese waters, this technique was first used under somewhat simplified conditions in the 1980s, and then it continued to be developed, with the number of studies using this technique increasing drastically after the mid-2000s. At that time, mesoscale eddy-resolving ocean forecast systems moved into operational phase, and since then, those reanalysis or analysis products have been publicly shared among scientists. This article provides an overview of the history and current status of particle-tracking simulation for marine biology around Japan (e.g., target species, ocean models utilized, configurations and timescales of particle-tracking models, and related biological data) and summarizes the scientific resources to be maintained and some issues to be resolved in the next future step.
Conceptualising critical mathematical thinking in young students
Authors: Monteleone Chrissy , Miller Jodie , Warren Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

International curriculum and policy directions have called to embed critical thinking across discipline areas including mathematics; however, conceptually, this is under-theorised and under-researched in the field of mathematics education. This paper presents the conceptualisation of critical mathematical thinking (CMT) and the application of a literature informed conceptual framework; in particular, it examines what CMT capabilities young students exhibit as they enter formal schooling. We present the findings from one-on-one task-based interviews, undertaken with 16 young students (aged 5–6) as a means to investigate their CMT capabilities and refine the CMT framework. The interview data were analysed using the new critical mathematical thinking conceptual framework. The data confirms the definition and understanding of CMT in young students, indicating a need for curriculum refinement, improved teaching practices, and further research in this area.
Fatty acid synthase as a new therapeutic target for HER2-positive gastric cancer
Authors: Castagnoli Lorenzo , Corso Simona , Franceschini Alma , Raimondi Alessandra , Bellomo Sara Erika , Dugo Matteo , Morano Federica , Prisciandaro Michele , Brich Silvia , Belfiore Antonino , Vingiani Andrea , Di Bartolomeo Maria , Pruneri Giancarlo , Tagliabue Elda , Giordano Silvia , Pietrantonio Filippo , Pupa Serenella M.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Trastuzumab is an HER2-specific agent approved as the gold-standard therapy for advanced HER2-positive (HER2+) gastric cancer (GC), but the high rate and rapid appearance of resistance limit its clinical efficacy, resulting in the need to identify new vulnerabilities. Defining the drivers influencing HER2+ cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance/survival could represent a clinically useful strategy to counteract tumor growth and therapy resistance. Accumulating evidence show that targeting crucial metabolic hubs, as the fatty acid synthase (FASN), may be clinically relevant.

Methods

FASN protein and transcript expression were examined by WB and FACS and by qRT-PCR and GEP analyses, respectively, in trastuzumab-sensitive and trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ GC cell lines cultured in adherent (2D) or gastrosphere promoting (3D) conditions. Molecular data were analyzed in silico in public HER2+ GC datasets. The effectiveness of the FASN inhibitor TVB3166 to overcome anti-HER2 therapy resistance was tested in vitro in gastrospheres forming efficiency bioassays and in vivo in mice bearing trastuzumab-resistant GC cells.

Results

We compared the transcriptome profiles of HER2+ GC cells cultured in 2D versus 3D conditions finding a significant enrichment of FASN in 3D cultures. FASN upregulation significantly correlated with high stemness score and poor prognosis in HER2+ GC cases. TVB3166 treatment significantly decreased GCSCs in all cell targets. HER2 and FASN cotargeting significantly decreased the capability to form gastrospheres versus monotherapy and reduced the in vivo growth of trastuzumab-resistant GC cells.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that cotargeting HER2 and FASN increase the benefit of anti-HER2 therapy representing a new opportunity for metabolically combating trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ GC.
Anorexia nervosa and microbiota: systematic review and critical appraisal
Authors: Garcia Naomi , Gutierrez Emilio
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Recent studies have reported a gut microbiota imbalance or dysbiosis associated with anorexia nervosa (AN), which has prompted an appraisal of its aetiological role, and the reformulation of AN as a metabo-psychiatric disorder. Thus, the aim of this paper was to critically review the current scientific findings regarding the role of microbiota in anorexia nervosa.

Methods

A systematic study of peer-reviewed literature published in four databases between 2009 and 2022 was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Both human and animal studies were included.

Results

A total of 18 studies were included. In animal models, both the preclinical and clinical findings were inconsistent regarding microbiota composition, faecal metabolite concentrations, and the effects of human faecal microbiota transplants.

Conclusion

The methodological limitations, lack of standardisation, and conceptual ambiguity hinder the analysis of microbiota as a key explanatory factor for AN.

Level of evidence

Level I, systematic review.
3D Printed Integrated Gradient-Conductive MXene/CNT/Polyimide Aerogel Frames for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with Ultra-Low Reflection
Authors: Xue Tiantian , Yang Yi , Yu Dingyi , Wali Qamar , Wang Zhenyu , Cao Xuesong , Fan Wei , Liu Tianxi
Published: February 2023

Construction of advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with miniaturized, programmable structure and low reflection are promising but challenging. Herein, an integrated transition-metal carbides/carbon nanotube/polyimide (gradient-conductive MXene/CNT/PI, GCMCP) aerogel frame with hierarchical porous structure and gradient-conductivity has been constructed to achieve EMI shielding with ultra-low reflection. The gradient-conductive structures are obtained by continuous 3D printing of MXene/CNT/poly (amic acid) inks with different CNT contents, where the slightly conductive top layer serves as EM absorption layer and the highly conductive bottom layer as reflection layer. In addition, the hierarchical porous structure could extend the EM dissipation path and dissipate EM by multiple reflections. Consequently, the GCMCP aerogel frames exhibit an excellent average EMI shielding efficiency (68.2 dB) and low reflection (R = 0.23). Furthermore, the GCMCP aerogel frames with miniaturized and programmable structures can be used as EMI shielding gaskets and effectively block wireless power transmission, which shows a prosperous application prospect in defense industry and aerospace.
“Unholy Alliance”: Identification and prevention of ideological and religious frames between right-wing populism and christianity in Poland
Authors: Chrostowski Mariusz
Published: February 2023

Since 2015, power in Poland has been exercised by the right-wing populist coalition, led by the socially conservative Law and Justice (PiS) party. The deconfliction mark of these governments became the “unholy alliance” with Christianity, which was a movement that used populist manipulation based on exacerbating social dichotomy, campaigning against the LGBT community, nationalism, xenophobia, attitudes of rejection, anti-pluralism and anti-establishment. In this context, the aim of this article is to theoretically analyse the ideological and religious frames between right-wing populism and Christianity in Poland. The considerations begin with the presentation of the theoretical background, that is, the relationship that exists between the populist “thin-core ideology” and Christianity within the framework of ideological appropriation of religion by populists. Furthermore, the author will make an attempt to decipher mutual influences and seek answers to the question: How did PiS “hijack” the Catholic Church in Poland? The next step will present a comparative identification of convergent and divergent frameworks between right-wing populists and the Catholic Church in Poland. Finally, the article will outline indications for the socio-pastoral prevention of populism and a summary of the main results.
Dynamic Behavior Analysis of a Rotating Shaft with an Elliptical Breathing Surface Crack
Authors: Elkashlawy Ahmed A. , Younes Younes K. , El-Mongy Heba H.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

In this paper, dynamic behavior of a rotor system with an elliptical breathing crack that simulates the real shape of the crack front is investigated.

Methods

A finite element model of the cracked rotor system is developed. The crack breathing mechanism is modelled based on an improved breathing model which considers the inclination of the neutral axis of the cracked element cross-section during shaft rotation. Harmonic balance method is used to solve the equations of motion of the rotor system for steady-state response characteristics.  The effect of some parameters such as crack depth, crack shape factor and the spinning speed is investigated.

Results and conclusions

The results show that the unique whirl orbits behavior during passage through the subcritical speeds serve as a key indicator of crack presence in the shaft. The effects of the crack front curvature and the breathing model are revealed. The value of shape factor affects the whirl orbit characteristics such as size of the inner or outer loops and the amount by which the orbits rotate while crossing the subcritical speeds. The presented model considering the real crack front shape may contribute towards improved modelling of cracked rotors and better interpretation of measured vibration response.
Modelling an air handling unit, building and occupant variation regarding energy, moisture and frost protection based on measurements of an air handling unit and occupants’ moisture supply
Authors: Johansson Dennis , Daugela Marius , Wahlström Åsa , Bagge Hans
Published: February 2023

Objectives of this paper are to propose a reasonable simulation model that can handle condensation and frost formation in heat exchangers dependent on moisture concentration and outdoor climate conditions, and to analyze risk of frost formation and discuss different frost protection strategies. Using psychometrics, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) heat exchanger calculation, condensation and frost calculation methods, simulations models for heat recovery ventilation and energy recovery ventilation are developed. It is concluded that the risk of frost in heat exchangers is higher in northern Sweden than in southern Sweden and Denmark due to low outdoor air temperatures during the winter, however heat recovery systems in Copenhagen and Gothenburg still has a risk of frost formation even though these cities has relatively warm weather conditions. Out of several simulation models that are created during the study, the detailed model that takes condensation effect into consideration, is proven to be worthy to be used in further investigations, due to results that more accurately represent real word conditions. Risk of frost formation becomes significantly lower in every city when heat recovery ventilation is changed into energy recovery ventilation. Even though heat recovery ventilation is simulated only with the simplified model, it is safe to assume that it will still be effective in reality. Although bypass strategies were effective at eliminating the risk of frost in heat recovery units, they are not as efficient from an energy perspective. The more air is by-passed through the cross-flow plate heat exchanger, the fewer opportunities there are to recover energy from exhaust air, which leads to lower supply air temperatures and higher energy need for heating a living space.
Review and critique of the main conceptions of social position, status, or situation
Authors: Farkas Zoltán
Published: February 2023

In sociological literature, very different conceptions have emerged regarding concepts that, in some sense, express the location of the given individual or group in society and that are typically referred to by the terms social position, social status, or social situation. In empirical sociological research, these concepts are often used as independent or dependent variables, and the different conceptions that apply to them partly determine the appropriate methodology for conducting the research. In this article, on the one hand, I review the main conceptions of the concepts of social position, status, or situation and, on the other hand, I point out the main interpretation problems of these conceptions. From the points of view of sociological perspectives, I distinguish (1) theoretically neutral or weakly structuralist, (2) traditional class theoretical, conflict theoretical in a narrower sense, centre-periphery theoretical, elite theoretical and capital theoretical conceptions, which are typical of the structuralist perspective, as well as (3) normativist, (4) creativist, (5) rationalist and rationalist-phenomenalist, (6) network theoretical and relationship conceptions of these concepts. I point out the main interpretation problems of these conceptions from a general sociological theoretical point of view and, in general, I regard the insufficiency and/or inadequacy of the theoretical grounding of these conceptions as the most significant problem.
Evaluation of thermal comfort in air-conditioned rooms based on structure/control-related parameters and data-mining method
Authors: Zhao Shunan , He Lin , Wu Xin , Xu Guowen , Xie Junlong , Cai Shanshan
Published: February 2023

Evaluating the thermal environment and thermal comfort in an air-conditioned room is an essential for estimating the performance of air-conditioning systems. However, multiple component structures and control-related parameters often lead to a long test cycle and large number of tests, significantly affecting the testing efficiency and speed. To address these problems, in this study, a data-mining method was proposed to predict and evaluate the thermal environment of an air-conditioned room. Owing to the limited amount of experimental data, the sample data were expanded by the simulation data of a collaborative platform between the air-conditioning system and air-conditioned room. Data-mining models, including the support vector regression (SVR), backpropagation (BP), and multiple linear regression (MLR) models, were developed and achieved good accuracy in evaluating the thermal environment by considering air-conditioning systems with various structures and control parameters. In the multiple-input single-output evaluation method, the prediction accuracy of the SVR model was higher than those of the BP and MLR models with respect to the vertical air temperature difference, temperature uniformity, temperature drop rate, and draft rate, while the result was the opposite in terms of the predicted mean vote indices. In the multiple-input multiple-output evaluation method, there was a decline in prediction accuracy and an increase in efficiency prediction compared with multiple-input single-output evaluation.
Evaluation of a clinical and translational research initiative: Developing and implementing a collaborative evaluation process in CAIRIBU
Authors: Allmaras Jennifer M. , Penniston Kristina L. , Rolland Betsy
Published: February 2023

Funding for large research initiatives, such as those funded through the National Institutes of Health U mechanism, has increased since 2010; however, there is little published research on how to evaluate the success of such initiatives. Here, we describe the collaborative evaluation planning process undertaken by the Interactions Core of the Collaborating for the Advancement of Interdisciplinary Research in Benign Urology (CAIRIBU) research community, a clinical and translational research initiative funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Evaluation is necessary to measure the impact of our work and to allow for continuous improvement efforts of CAIRIBU activities and initiatives. We developed and implemented an iterative seven-step process that engaged the Interactions Core, NIDDK program staff, and grantees at each step of the planning process. Challenges faced in planning and implementing the evaluation plan included the time burden on investigators to submit new data for evaluations, finite time and resources for evaluation work, and the development of infrastructure for the evaluation plan. We call on funding agencies to include more explicit requirements for evaluation participation from grantees, as well as dedicated funding to support the evaluation process, in future funding opportunity announcements for large research consortia.
Rate, risk factors and estimated time to develop attrition after under-five children started moderate acute malnutrition treatment in Gubalafto, North East Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonen Yimer , Kebede Fassikaw
Published: February 2023

Lost from follow-up, after starting moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) is an ongoing challenge of public health until the admitted children reached the standard weight of a reference child. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the rate and estimated time to attrition after under-five children started treatment for MAM in the Gubalafto district. A facility-based retrospective cohort study was employed among 487 participant children who had been managed targeted therapeutic feeding from 1 June 2018 to 1 May 2021. The overall mean (±sd) age of the participants’ children was 22⋅1 (±12⋅6) months. At the end of the study period, 55 (11⋅46 %) under-five children developed attrition from the treatment after starting ready use of therapeutic feeding. After checking all assumptions, a multivariable Cox regression model was used to claim independent predictors for time to attritions. The median time of attrition after starting treatment of MAM was 13 (IQR ±9) weeks, with the overall incidence of attrition rate reported at 6⋅75 children Per Week (95 % CI 5⋅56, 9⋅6). In the final model of multivariable Cox regression, the hazard of attrition was significantly higher for children from rural residence (AHR 1⋅61; 95 % CI 1⋅18, 2⋅18; P = 0⋅001), and caregivers with their dyads did not get nutritional counselling at baseline (AHR 2⋅78; 95 % CI 1⋅34, 5⋅78; P = 0⋅001). The findings of the present study showed that nearly one in every eleven under-five children was attrition (lost to follow-up) in a median time of 13 (IQR ±9) weeks. We strongly recommended for caregivers provisions of diversification of daily nutrition supplementation of their dyads.