bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and efficiency of indoor nighttime human external cargo mission simulation in a high-fidelity training Centre
Authors: Pietsch Urs , Lischke Volker , Sollid Stephen J. M. , Prückner Stephan , Theiler Lorenz , Greif Robert , Albrecht Roland
Published: June 2020

Background

The human external cargo (HEC) operations conducted by Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) rarely take place at night, making it difficult for crew members to attain and maintain the level of expertise needed to perform winch operations in the dark. As EASA requirements for training cannot currently be met, we evaluated whether simulation training could be an option.

Methods

This paper reports on a training concept using indoor simulation for the training of nighttime HEC operations. Participants’ experience and perceptions were evaluated with a survey and the procedural and economic advantages of the simulation approach were compared with those of the usual outdoor HEC training.

Results

Most participants had limited exposure to real-life nighttime HEC missions before undergoing the simulation-based training. The frequency of training cycles in simulation was much higher compared to conventional training (60 cycles indoors vs. 20 outdoors for HEMS-TC, 20 cycles indoors vs. 4 outdoors for MCM). Trainees perceived that their technical and non-technical skills (NTS) improved with the training. The estimated costs of standard outdoor-based nighttime HEC training (138€ per cycle) are at least 6.5 times higher than the costs of indoor simulated training (approximately 21€ per cycle). With a change to simulation, carbon dioxide emissions could potentially be reduced by more than 35 tons.

Conclusions

Indoor simulation training of night HEC operations has advantages with regard to cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and self-reported improvements in skills and knowledge. Its use is feasible and could improve crew and patient safety and fulfill regulatory demands for training intensity.
Reluctance to seek pediatric care during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risks of delayed diagnosis
Authors: Ciacchini Benedetta , Tonioli Francesco , Marciano Cinzia , Faticato Maria Grazia , Borali Elena , Pini Prato Alessio , Felici Enrico
Published: June 2020

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases registered worldwide has risen to over 3 million. While COVID-19 per se does not seem to represent a significant threat to the pediatric population, which generally presents a benign course and a low lethality, the current emergency might negatively affect the care of pediatric patients and overall children welfare. In particular, the fear of contracting COVID-19 may determine a delayed access to pediatric emergency facilities. Present report focuses on the experience of The Children Hospital in Alessandria (northern Italy). The authors document a drop in the number of admissions to the emergency department (A&E) during the lock-down. They will also focus on four emblematic cases of pediatric patients who were seen to our A&E in severe conditions. All these cases share a significant diagnostic delay caused by the parents’ reluctance to seek medical attention, seen as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 contagion. None was found positive to all COVID-19 swab or immunologic testing. All in all, our data strongly support the importance of promoting a direct and timely interaction between patients and medical staff, to prevent the fear of COVID-19 from causing more harm than the virus itself.
Bioassay and molecular monitoring of insecticide resistance status in Aedes albopictus populations from Greece, to support evidence-based vector control
Authors: Balaska Sofia , Fotakis Emmanouil A. , Kioulos Ilias , Grigoraki Linda , Mpellou Spyridoula , Chaskopoulou Alexandra , Vontas John
Published: June 2020

Background

Aedes albopictushas a well-established presence in southern European countries, associated with recent disease outbreaks (e.g. chikungunya). Development of insecticide resistance in the vector is a major concern as its control mainly relies on the use of biocides. Data on the species’ resistance status are essential for efficient and sustainable control. To date the insecticide resistance status ofAe. albopictuspopulations from Greece against major insecticides used in vector control remains largely unknown.

Methods

We investigated the insecticide resistance status of 19Ae. albopictuspopulations from 11 regions of Greece. Bioassays were performed against diflubenzuron (DFB),Bacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensis(Bti), deltamethrin and malathion. Known insecticide resistance loci were molecularly analysed, i.e. voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance; presence and frequency of carboxylesterases 3 (CCEae3a) and 6 (CCEae6a) gene amplification associated with organophosphate (OP) resistance and; chitin synthase-1 (CHS-1) for the possible presence of DFB resistance mutations.

Results

Bioassays showed full susceptibility to DFB,Btiand deltamethrin, but resistance against the OP malathion (range of mortality: 55.30–91.40%).VGSCanalysis revealed a widespread distribution of the mutations F1534C (in all populations, with allelic frequencies between 6.6–68.3%), and I1532T (in 6 populations; allelic frequencies below 22.70%), but absence of V1016G.CCEgene amplifications were recorded in 8 out of 11 populations (overall frequency: 33%). Co-presence of the F1534C mutation andCCEae3aamplification was reported in 39 of the 156 samples analysed by both assays. No mutations at theCHS-1I1043 locus were detected.

Conclusions

The results indicate: (i) the suitability of larvicides DFB andBtiforAe. albopictuscontrol in Greece; (ii) possible incipient pyrethroid resistance due to the presence ofkdrmutations; and (iii) possible reduced efficacy of OPs, in a scenario of re-introducing them for vector control. The study highlights the need for systematic resistance monitoring for developing and implementing appropriate evidence-based control programmes.
Phylogenetic analysis of the Tc1/mariner superfamily reveals the unexplored diversity of pogo-like elements
Authors: Dupeyron Mathilde , Baril Tobias , Bass Chris , Hayward Alexander
Published: June 2020

Background

Tc1/mariner transposons are widespread DNA transposable elements (TEs) that have made important contributions to the evolution of host genomic complexity in metazoans. However, the evolution and diversity of the Tc1/mariner superfamily remains poorly understood. Following recent developments in genome sequencing and the availability of a wealth of new genomes, Tc1/mariner TEs have been identified in many new taxa across the eukaryotic tree of life. To date, the majority of studies focussing on Tc1/mariner elements have considered only a single host lineage or just a small number of host lineages. Thus, much remains to be learnt about the evolution of Tc1/mariner TEs by performing analyses that consider elements that originate from across host diversity.

Results

We mined the non-redundant database of NCBI using BLASTp searches, with transposase sequences from a diverse set of reference Tc1/mariner elements as queries. A total of 5158 Tc1/mariner elements were retrieved and used to reconstruct evolutionary relationships within the superfamily. The resulting phylogeny is well resolved and includes several new groups of Tc1/mariner elements. In particular, we identify a new family of plant-genome restricted Tc1/mariner elements, which we call PlantMar. We also show that the pogo family is much larger and more diverse than previously appreciated, and we review evidence for a potential revision of its status to become a separate superfamily.

Conclusions

Our study provides an overview of Tc1-mariner phylogeny and summarises the impressive diversity of Tc1-mariner TEs among sequenced eukaryotes. Tc1/mariner TEs are successful in a wide range of eukaryotes, especially unikonts (the taxonomic supergroup containing Amoebozoa, Opisthokonta, Breviatea, and Apusomonadida). In particular, ecdysozoa, and especially arthropods, emerge as important hosts for Tc1/mariner elements (except the PlantMar family). Meanwhile, the pogo family, which is by far the largest Tc1/mariner family, also includes many elements from fungal and chordate genomes. Moreover, there is evidence of the repeated exaptation of pogo elements in vertebrates, including humans, in addition to the well-known example of CENP-B. Collectively, our findings provide a considerable advancement in understanding of Tc1/mariner elements, and more generally they suggest that much work remains to improve understanding of the diversity and evolution of DNA TEs.
The feasibility of implementing high-intensity interval training in cardiac rehabilitation settings: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Way Kimberley L. , Vidal-Almela Sol , Keast Marja-Leena , Hans Harleen , Pipe Andrew L. , Reed Jennifer L.
Published: June 2020

Background

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Notwithstanding the well-known benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), adherence to CR remains low, particularly in women. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has received specific attention as an emerging exercise-training paradigm that addresses frequently cited barriers to CR (i.e. lack of motivation/enjoyment and time, perceiving exercise regime as tiring/boring) and improves cardiovascular risk factors. Previous studies have examined the safety of HIIT in CR; there is little evidence on the feasibility of HIIT in CR. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of HIIT within a CR setting and examine the sex differences regarding the feasibility of such programming.

Methods

Patients attended an on-site HIIT CR program (10-min warm-up, 25 min of interspersed high-intensity [HI - 4 min at 85–95% HRpeak] and lower intensity [LO - 3 min at 60–70% HRpeak] intervals, 10-min cool-down) twice weekly for 10 weeks. Heart rate (HR) and the Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale (6–20 points) were recorded at each session. Feasibility was assessed by: [1] attendance and compliance: the number of sessions attended and the compliance to the prescribed HI and LO HR ranges; [2] the patient experience: patients’ perceived effort, program difficulty, if the program was challenging and satisfying; and, [3] safety. Descriptive statistics were used to report the means and their variations. Mann-Whitney U tests and Chi-square analyses were performed to examine sex-differences.

Results

A total of 151 patients (33% women, 57.5 ± 9.1 years) attended the HIIT program and completed 16 ± 5 classes with a low attrition rate (11.3%). Most patients met or exceeded the prescribed target HR for the HI (80%) and LO (84%) intervals, respectively. Patients reported a “somewhat hard” RPE for HI (14 ± 2 points) and “very light” for LO (10 ± 2 points) intervals. All patients were satisfied with the program and found it challenging. Most patients found HIIT to be difficult (7 ± 2 points, scale range 0–10 points), yet safe (97%). Three vasovagal episodes occurred and more women dropped-out of the program than men (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

HIIT is a feasible, safe and well-received exercise paradigm in a CR setting.
miR-132-3p priming enhances the effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes on ameliorating brain ischemic injury
Authors: Pan Qunwen , Kuang Xiaoli , Cai Shuyun , Wang Xiang , Du Donghui , Wang Jinju , Wang Yan , Chen Yanyu , Bihl Ji , Chen Yanfang , Zhao Bin , Ma Xiaotang
Published: June 2020

Backgrounds/aims

Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXs) could exert protective effects on recipient cells by transferring the contained microRNAs (miRs), and miR-132-3p is one of angiogenic miRs. However, whether the combination of MSC-EXs and miR-132-3p has better effects in ischemic cerebrovascular disease remains unknown.

Methods

Mouse MSCs transfected with scrambler control or miR-132-3p mimics were used to generate MSC-EXs and miR-132-3p-overexpressed MSC-EXs (MSC-EXsmiR-132-3p). The effects of EXs on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-injured ECs in ROS generation, apoptosis, and barrier function were analyzed. The levels of RASA1, Ras, phosphorylations of PI3K, Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS), and tight junction proteins (Claudin-5 and ZO-1) were measured. Ras and PI3K inhibitors were used for pathway analysis. In transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model, the effects of MSC-EXs on the cerebral vascular ROS production and apoptosis, cerebral vascular density (cMVD), Evans blue extravasation, brain water content, neurological deficit score (NDS), and infarct volume were determined.

Results

MSC-EXs could deliver their carried miR-132-3p into target ECs, which functionally downregulated the target protein RASA1, while upregulated the expression of Ras and the downstream PI3K phosphorylation. Compared to MSC-EXs, MSC-EXsmiR-132-3pwere more effective in decreasing ROS production, apoptosis, and tight junction disruption in H/R-injured ECs. These effects were associated with increased levels of phosphorylated Akt and eNOS, which could be abolished by PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) or Ras inhibitor (NSC 23766). In the tMCAO mouse model, the infusion of MSC-EXsmiR-132-3pwas more effective than MSC-EXs in reducing cerebral vascular ROS production, BBB dysfunction, and brain injury.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that miR-132-3p promotes the beneficial effects of MSC-EXs on brain ischemic injury through protecting cerebral EC functions.
The effect of multidrug exposure on neurological manifestations in carbamazepine intoxication: a nested case-control study
Authors: Hirsch Ayala , Wanounou Maor , Perlman Amichai , Hirsh-Raccah Bruria , Muszkat Mordechai
Published: June 2020

Background

In acute intoxication, carbamazepine concentration above 40 mcg/ml is associated with a risk of severe neurological consequences, including depressed consciousness, respiratory depression, cardiac conduction disorders, seizures, and death. Carbamazepine intoxication is often associated with the use of concomitant medications. However, the effect of exposure to other central-nervous-system (CNS) acting medications on the neurological manifestations of carbamazepine toxicity has not been evaluated.

Objective

To examine the effect of exposure to CNS-acting medications on the neurological effects of carbamazepine toxicity.

Methods

A retrospective nested case-control study of all patients > 18 years of age, with at least one test of carbamazepine levels > 18 mcg/ml recorded at the Hadassah Hospital Central Laboratory, between the years 2004–2016. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from the computerized medical records, and the characteristics of patients with and without severe neurological symptoms of carbamazepine intoxication were compared.

Results

Eighty patients were identified. In bivariate analyses, the odds of severe neurological symptoms was higher in patients with antidepressants use (odds ratio 8.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.8–41.2, p = 0.007), benzodiazepines use (8.6, 2.0–37.1, p = 0.004), and carbamazepine concentration above 30 mcg/ml (8.1, 1.9–33.3, p = 0.004).

Multivariate models demonstrated that antidepressants and benzodiazepines were associated with severe neurological manifestations during carbamazepine intoxication, independently of carbamazepine concentration over 30 mcg/ml.

ICU admission was associated in multivariate analysis with antidepressants (but not benzodiazepines) use, and with carbamazepine levels > 30 mcg/ml.

Conclusions

Among patients with carbamazepine intoxication, severe neurological symptoms are associated with exposure to benzodiazepines or antidepressants and with carbamazepine levels higher than 30 mcg/ml.
Ventricular apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in patients with neoplastic leptomeningeal disease
Authors: Debnam James M. , Said Ryan B. , Liu Heng-Hsiao , Sun Jia , Wang Jihong , Wei Wei , Suki Dima , Mayer Rory R. , Chi T. Linda , Ketonen Leena , Guha-Thakurta Nandita , Weinberg Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2020

Background

To test the hypothesis that intraventricular ADC values can be used to determine the presence of neoplastic leptomeningeal disease (LMD).

Materials and methods

ADC values were measured at multiple sites in the ventricular system in 32 patients with cytologically-proven LMD and 40 control subjects. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the mean difference of ADCs between the LMD and control groups after adjusting for ventricle size and tumor type. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed and optimal ADC value cut-off point for predicting the presence of LMD. ADC was compared to T1 enhancement and FLAIR signal hyperintensity for determining the presence of LMD.

Results

After adjusting for ventricular volume and tumor type, the mid body of lateral ventricles showed no significant difference in ventricular volume and a significant difference in ADC values between the control and LMD groups (p > 0.05). In the mid-body of the right lateral ventricle the AUC was 0.69 (95% CI 0.57–0.81) with an optimal ADC cut off point of 3.22 × 10− 9 m2/s (sensitivity, specificity; 0.72, 0.68). In the mid-body of left lateral ventricle the AUC was 0.7 (95% CI 0.58–0.82) with an optimal cut-off point of 3.23 × 10− 9 m2/s (0.81, 0.62). Using an average value of HU measurements in the lateral ventricles the AUC was 0.73 (95% CI 0.61–0.84) with an optimal cut off point was 3.11 × 10− 9 m2/s (0.78, 0.65). Compared to the T1 post-contrast series, ADC was predictive of the presence of LMD in the mid-body of the left lateral ventricle (p = 0.036).

Conclusion

Complex interactions affect ADC measurements in patients with LMD. ADC values in the lateral ventricles may provide non-invasive clues to the presence of LMD.
Genetic diversity in Japanese populations of the Eurasian Collared Dove
Authors: Nagai Kazuya , Takahashi Yusuke , Tokita Ken-ichi , Anzai Tomomi , Uchida Kiyoshi , Nakayama Fumihito
Published: June 2020

Background

Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) is a species distributed in the Eurasian continent and North Africa, and inhabiting mainly in Saitama Prefecture in Japan. Eurasian Collared Dove is one of the most prosperous invaders in the world, and Japanese Eurasian Collared Dove has also been introduced from overseas. The Japanese population has declined to one-hundredth over 30 years and is being protected. In this study, we analyzed its genetic diversity in order to understand the genetic differences between wild populations of Eurasian Collared Dove and those bred in zoos.

Methods

A sequence of about 1.9 kb mtDNA was determined for 20 wild Eurasian Collared Doves living in Saitama, Japan and 20 zoo-bred Eurasian Collared Doves, and population genetic analysis was performed.

Results

In the COI gene, 778 bp had the same sequence in all the 40 individuals examined, and no mutation sites could be confirmed. In the control region, two base substitution sites were confirmed in 1140 bp long sequence. Three haplotypes were detected in 20 individuals in wild, whereas all 20 zoo-bred individuals possessed the same haplotypes possessed in the wild population.

Conclusion

Haplotypes of zoo-bred individuals were also retained among the wild individuals, confirming that no genetic problems could occur if the zoo-bred individuals were released to the wild for the Japanese Eurasian Collared Dove propagation program.
Well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung: positron emission tomography features and diagnostic difficulties in frozen section analysis—a case report
Authors: Hakiri Shuhei , Fukui Takayuki , Tsubouchi Hideki , Sakakibara Ayako , Iwano Shingo , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi F.
Published: June 2020

Background

Well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma (WDFA) of the lung is a rare disease that resembles fetal lung tubules. Most of previous reports concerning WDFA have focused on histological features, while there are few reports describing radiological features. In addition, there are no reports evaluating the difficulty of intraoperative diagnosis of WDFA with frozen section. We report a case of WDFA and review the radiological features of WDFA including the findings of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and assess the difficulty of intraoperative diagnosis with frozen section.

Case presentation

A chest radiography performed in a 20-year-old female revealed a mass in the hilum of the right lung. Computed tomography revealed a well-defined mass measuring 3.5 × 3.0 cm in diameter in the right upper lobe, whereas PET showed a high accumulation of FDG. The most likely diagnosis was clinical T2aN0M0 stage 1B non-small cell lung cancer. A right S3 segmentectomy was performed via thoracotomy, and a benign tumor that was possibly an adenoma was intraoperatively diagnosed based on frozen section analysis. The mass was a solid tumor measuring 2.9 × 2.5 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor comprised abundant glands with single or double layers of nonciliated cells and bronchial structures resembling a fetal lung. Rounded morules of polygonal cells were frequently observed. Immunohistochemistry revealed that nuclei and cytoplasm of the tumor cell were positive for β-catenin. Finally, the postoperative pathological diagnosis was well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung, and completion right upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were conducted 1 month after the initial segmentectomy. No residual tumor or lymph node metastasis was identified, and the final pathological stage was pT1cN0M0 stage 1A3. The patient did not wish to receive any adjuvant therapy. At the 1-year follow-up, no evidence of recurrence was noted.

Conclusions

Here, we report a rare case of well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung that was difficult to diagnose based on radiological evaluations including FDG-PET and intraoperative diagnosis using frozen section analysis.
The nutrition transition in Malaysia; key drivers and recommendations for improved health outcomes
Authors: Goh Ee Von , Azam-Ali Susan , McCullough Fiona , Roy Mitra Soma
Published: June 2020

Background

The main purpose of this paper is to understand the multidimensional phenomenon of the nutrition transition in Malaysia, from 1980 to 2014, to inform future policies for a healthier nation.

Methods

Food and health data were obtained through Food Balance Sheets, Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey (MANS) and National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMS) for year-to-year review. Interaction between changes in food supplies and dietary trends and the progression of diet-related diseases and risk factors in tandem with demographic and socioeconomic transitions were observed using quasi-historical approach.

Results

The period-under-review has seen Malaysia becoming more affluent, urbanised and modernised. Energy supply for Malaysian population remained consistently in excess of average calorie needs by a minimum of 30%. There were significant signs of shifting food trends, particularly in the supply of wheat (+ 56.5%), rice (− 23.7%), sugar and sweeteners (+ 23.9%), meat (+ 49.3%), fish and seafood (+ 38.7%), and eggs (+ 55.7%). The plant/animal protein ratio has decreased over time. Prevalence of NCD and associated risk factors has increased rapidly, some as high as 170%, despite various policy efforts to reduce them.

Conclusion

The study highlights the importance of policymakers taking a relook into its policies and strategies, and formulate sustainable, comprehensive and multifaceted actions together with all relevant stakeholders to ensure a conducive, healthy and nutritious food systems and environment for its population.
Macro to nano specimen measurements using photons and electrons with digital holographic interferometry: a review
Authors: Hernández-Montes María del Socorro , Mendoza-Santoyo Fernando , Flores Moreno Mauricio , de la Torre-Ibarra Manuel , Silva Acosta Luis , Palacios-Ortega Natalith
Published: June 2020

Today digital holographic interferometry (DHI) is considered a modern full-field non-destructive technique that allows generating 3D quantitative data of a wide variety of specimens. There are diverse optical setups for DHI that enable the study of specimens in static and dynamic conditions: it is a viable alternative to characterize a wide diversity of parameters in the micro and macro world by conducting repeatable, reliable and accurate measurements that render specimen data, e.g., displacements, shape, spatial dimensions, physiological conditions, refractive indices, and vibration responses. This paper presents a review and progress on the most significant topics, contributions and applications involving DHI for the study of different specimens such as: cells, bio tissues, grains, insects, and nano-structures. For most of the research work involving macro and micro specimens the wave-like source used in the measurements were photons from a laser, while the studies carried out in the nano regime used the wave-like nature of the electron.
Stature estimation of the Malaysian population based on sacrum CT scans
Authors: Soon Lai Poh , Noor Mohamad Helmee Mohamad , Abdullah Nurliza , Hadi Helmi
Published: June 2020

Background

The evolution of virtual technology in estimating stature through multi-slice computed tomography scanning can be essential for mass disasters and forensic cases. Regression formulae were generated directly from other skeleton parts such as cranium, sternum, vertebrae, clavicle, scapula, sacrum, pelvis, hand and foot bones to estimate stature. Previous studies have shown that pelvic shape score is significantly associated and correlated with stature for both sexes. The sacrum as part of the pelvis is located between the two os coxae via a sacroiliac joint. As such, this study aims to correlate the morphological measurement of sacrum with stature based on sex and ancestry among the Malaysian population from a total of 373 sacral computed tomography (CT) images collected at the Kuala Lumpur Hospital. The three-dimensional sacrum bones were segmented from CT images using the Mimics Research 17.0 software. Inter-landmark distances were measured using Microsoft 3D Builder, and their respective indices were computed.

Results

The auricular lengths are the most comparatively useful stature estimator at R > 0.5 among all the sacral morphometrics that were investigated on in this study. Results from this study should only be applied within the Malaysian population (Malay, Chinese and Indian).

Conclusion

The results could enhance the existing database of stature estimation, especially when dealing with skeletal material from Malaysia and when long bones are unavailable for the identification of incomplete unknown human remains.
Electromagnetic activity: a possible player in epilepsy
Authors: Guo Yi , Liu Yaowen , Wang Xuefeng
Published: June 2020

Epilepsy is a common disease with frequent occurrences. Many precipitating factors contribute to epileptic seizures, such as hyperventilation and alcohol consumption. An increasing number of studies have also found that electromagnetic activity in the environment can also affect epileptic seizures. However, many neuromodulatory devices that produce electromagnetic fields have been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. In this paper, we performed literature search in the PubMed, Medline and EMBASE databases and reviewed retrospective, prospective, or cross-sectional studies and case reports on the effects of electromagnetic activity on epilepsy. The application of electromagnetic activity in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy is also reviewed.
Molecular characterization of siderophore biosynthesis in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Authors: Silva Marielle Garcia , de Curcio Juliana Santana , Silva-Bailão Mirelle Garcia , Lima Raisa Melo , Tomazett Mariana Vieira , de Souza Aparecido Ferreira , Cruz-Leite Vanessa Rafaela Milhomem , Sbaraini Nicolau , Bailão Alexandre Melo , Rodrigues Fernando , Pereira Maristela , Gonçales Relber Aguiar , de Almeida Soares Célia Maria
Published: June 2020

Iron is an essential nutrient for all organisms. For pathogenic fungi, iron is essential for the success of infection. Thus, these organisms have developed high affinity iron uptake mechanisms to deal with metal deprivation imposed by the host. Siderophore production is one of the mechanisms that fungal pathogens employ for iron acquisition. Paracoccidioides spp. present orthologous genes encoding the enzymes necessary for the biosynthesis of hydroxamates, and plasma membrane proteins related to the transport of these molecules. All these genes are induced in iron deprivation. In addition, it has been observed that Paracoccidioides spp. are able to use siderophores to scavenge iron. Here we observed that addition of the xenosiderophore ferrioxamine B FOB) to P. brasiliensis culture medium results in repression (at RNA and protein levels) of the SidA, the first enzyme of the siderophore biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, SidA activity was reduced in the presence of FOB, suggesting that P. brasiliensis blocks siderophores biosynthesis and can explore siderophores in the environment to scavenge iron. In order to support the importance of siderophores on Paracoccidioides sp. life and infection cycle, silenced mutants for the sidA gene were obtained by antisense RNA technology. The obtained AsSidA strains displayed decreased siderophore biosynthesis in iron deprivation conditions and reduced virulence to an invertebrate model.
Relation of serum vitamin D level in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients to ICSI outcome
Authors: Omran Eman Fawzy , Ramzy Abdelmaguid , Shohayeb Amal , Farouk Nermeen , Soliman Mahmoud , Baz Heba , Sharaf Marwa Foad
Published: June 2020

Background

Recently, vitamin D was discovered to have an important role in female reproduction and IVF. However, there were no studies specifically addressed its role in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients undergoing ICSI cycles. Therefore, this cross-sectional study in a university hospital was conducted to evaluate the effect of serum level of vitamin D (VD) on the number of retrieved and fertilized oocytes, and chemical and clinical pregnancy rate in PCOS females undergoing ICSI cycles. The study included 80 PCOS cases undergoing ICSI cycles in the age from 20 to 39 years using antagonist protocol. Cases with severe male or tubal factors were excluded. Serum 25 (OH) D vitamin level was assessed by the ELIZA method on the day of oocyte retrieval. Correlation and regression analyses were used in the analysis.

Results

VD was positively correlated to both numbers of retrieved and fertilized oocytes (r = 0.35, 95% CI 0.15, 0.53, P = 0.001; r = 0.33; 95% CI 0.03, 0.57, P = 0.03, respectively). It was still significantly correlated to the number of oocytes (coefficient 0.47; 95% CI 0.1, 0.9; P = 0.018) and to the number of fertilized eggs (coefficient 0.3; 95% CI 0.02, 0.58; P = 0.03) after adjusting for age, BMI, and type of ovulation-triggering agent. This means with each 2 ng/mL increase in serum VD level, around one more egg will be retrieved. In addition, there will be one more fertilized oocyte with each 3 ng/mL increase in the vitamin level. However, no significant correlation was found between the vitamin level and the occurrence of chemical or clinical pregnancy.

Conclusions

Serum vitamin D level is positively correlated with the number of retrieved and fertilized oocytes in PCOS patients undergoing ICSI cycles.
Investigation of Pindan soil modified with polymer stablisers for road pavement
Authors: Park Hyun Kyu , Lee Hyuk , Vimonsatit Vanissorn
Published: June 2020

Road failures are often caused by structural weaknesses, and particularly unsealed roads are vulnerable to water as water easily flows into road structures. Moisture susceptibility of materials is an important aspect when pavements are designed as moisture can weaken bonds between aggregates. Pindan soil is a red soil, known as a soft and moisture sensitive soil. Polymer stabilisers have been proved that they can improve soil mechanical properties by providing an internal waterproofing. Studies of the polymer-Pindan soil stabilisation have been focused on engineering performances, but literature shows little information on the fundamental information of Pindan soil. This project focuses on fundamental information of Pindan soil and its improved performances using polymer stabilisers. Plastic index, specific gravity and particle size distribution were tested to obtain the basic properties. Compaction, Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties. The chemical property was examined using X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the waterproof effect of the polymers on the stabilised Pindan soil was investigated from capillary rise tests. In addition, the mechanical properties of individual soil grains were investigated using nanoindentation tests. The materials used for this investigation primarily consisted of Pindan soil collected in Broome, Western Australia, and three polymer products manufactured in Australia. Based on the results, it is evident that the failure behaviour, strain and strength as well as the basic properties of the soils are affected and changed by the Polymer stabilisers. The type of polymer influenced the optimum moisture contents and strengths rather than the amount of polymer. Similarly, Nanoindentation technology provided various information such as elastic modulus, hardness, packing density, stiffness, cohesion and fracture toughness of soils at nano-scales. Polymers can reduce water ingress and minimise moisture in the pavement structures. Thus, the structures can maintain its strength and prevent deformation, which will increase the lifetime of unsealed pavements.
The Gettysburg Corpus
Authors: Bleaman Isaac L. , Duncan Daniel
Published: June 2020

Corpus studies of regional variation using raw language data from the internet focus predominantly on lexical variables in writing. However, online repositories such as YouTube offer the possibility of investigating regional differences using phonological variables, as well. This article demonstrates the viability of constructing a naturalistic speech corpus for sociophonetic research by analyzing hundreds of recitations of Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. We first replicate a known result of phonetic research, namely, that English vowels are longer in duration before voiced obstruents than before voiceless ones. We then compare /æ/-tensing in recitations from the Inland North and New York City dialect regions. Results indicate that there are significant regional differences in the formant trajectory of the vowel, even in identical phonetic environments (e.g., before nasal codas). This calls into question the uniformity of “/æ/-tensing” as a cross-dialectal phenomenon in American English. We contend that the analysis of spoken data from social media can and should supplement traditional methods in dialectology and variationist analysis to generate new hypotheses about socially conditioned speech patterns.
Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities (1983)
Authors: Goswami Manu
Published: June 2020

Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities is the single most cited English-language text in the human sciences. The article reconsiders its original argument, its astonishing multidisciplinary impact, and its more recent trajectory.
Fenced Out: The Impact of Border Construction on US-Mexico Migration
Authors: Feigenberg Benjamin
Published: June 2020

This paper estimates the impact of the US-Mexico border fence on US-Mexico migration by exploiting variation in the timing and location of US government investment in fence construction. Using Mexican survey data and data I collected on fence construction, I find that construction in a municipality reduces migration by 27 percent for municipality residents and 15 percent for residents of adjacent municipalities. In addition, construction reduces migration by up to 35 percent from non-border municipalities. I also find that construction induces migrants to substitute toward alternative crossing locations, disproportionately deters low-skilled migrants, and reduces the number of undocumented Mexicans in the United States. (JEL J15, J24, J61, K37, O15)
Multilateral Trade Bargaining: A First Look at the GATT Bargaining Records
Authors: Bagwell Kyle , Staiger Robert W. , Yurukoglu Ali
Published: June 2020

This paper empirically examines recently declassified tariff bargaining data from the GATT/WTO. Focusing on the Torquay Round (1950–1951), we document stylized facts about these interconnected high-stakes international negotiations that suggest a lack of strategic behavior among the participating governments and an important multilateral element to the bilateral bargains. We suggest that these features can be understood as emerging from a tariff bargaining forum that emphasizes the GATT pillars of MFN and multilateral reciprocity, and we offer evidence that the relaxation of strict bilateral reciprocity facilitated by the GATT multilateral bargaining forum was important to the success of the GATT approach. (JEL C78, F13)
Gender Differences in the Choice of Major: The Importance of Female Role Models
Authors: Porter Catherine , Serra Danila
Published: June 2020

We conducted a field experiment aimed at increasing the percentage of women majoring in economics. We exposed students enrolled in introductory classes to successful and charismatic women who majored in economics at the same university. The intervention significantly impacted female students’ enrollment in further economics classes, increasing their likelihood to major in economics by 8 percentage points. This is a large effect, given that only 9 percent of women were majoring in economics at baseline. Since the impacted women were previously planning to major in lower-earning fields, our low-cost intervention may have a positive effect on their future incomes. (JEL A22, C93, I23, I26, J16)
Bibliometric assessment and implications for practice of sporotrichosis research (1945-2018)
Authors: Albuquerque Priscila Costa , Fonseca e Fonseca Bruna de Paula , Zicker Fabio , Zancopé-Oliveira Rosely Maria , Almeida-Paes Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

Background: Sporotrichosis has recently emerged as an important mycosis worldwide, with diverse transmission and epidemiologic profiles. For instance, in Brazil most cases are related to zoonotic transmission from naturally infected cats, and the majority of cases in China are due to external injury with environmental materials. Publications on sporotrichosis and on its etiologic agent may guide the direction of the research in this field. It can also define priorities for future studies.

Methods: In this study, we evaluated the trends of global research in Sporothrix and sporotrichosis, based on publications records retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases for the period of 1945 to 2018. The overall productivity in the field, its geographical and temporal distribution, research themes, co-authorship networks, funding sources, and the implications of research findings for health practice were assessed using bibliometric approaches.

Results: A total of 4,007 unique publications involving 99 countries were retrieved, most of them published after 2000. Authors based on institutions from the United States of America and Brazil accounted for 57.4% of the publications. Brazil was the leading country in terms of research collaboration and networking, with co-authorship with 45 countries. The thematic mapping revealed a temporal shift from clinical to applied research. Despite the large number of countries publishing in this field, most of funded studies came from Brazil, Mexico, China, South Africa, or the United States of America. The analysis of content identified few specific public health recommendations for prevention, case-management, or research. Moreover, most papers do not have a clearly defined intended audience.

Conclusion: As the research in this field is emerging in several countries, with the generation of a large amount of data, it is necessary that scientists strengthen efforts to translate the research results into practice to curb this neglected infection.
Recent advances in understanding circular RNAs
Authors: Ebermann Constanze , Schnarr Theodor , Müller Sabine
Published: June 2020

Exonic circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been discovered in all kingdoms of life. In many cases, the details of circRNA function and their involvement in cellular processes and diseases are not yet fully understood. However, the past few years have seen significant developments in bioinformatics and in experimental protocols that advance the ongoing research in this still-emerging field. Sophisticated methods for circRNA generation in vitro and in vivo have been developed, allowing model studies into circRNA function and application. We here review the ongoing circRNA research, giving special attention to recent progress in the field.
Introducing a drift and diffusion framework for childhood growth research
Authors: Lewis Fraser I , Guga Godfrey , Mdoe Paschal , Mduma Esto , Mahopo Cloupas , Bessong Pascal , Richard Stephanie A , McCormick Benjamin J J
Published: June 2020

Background: Growth trajectories are highly variable between children, making epidemiological analyses challenging both to the identification of malnutrition interventions at the population level and also risk assessment at individual level. We introduce stochastic differential equation (SDE) models into child growth research. SDEs describe flexible dynamic processes comprising: drift - gradual smooth changes – such as physiology or gut microbiome, and diffusion - sudden perturbations, such as illness or infection.

Methods: We present a case study applying SDE models to child growth trajectory data from the Haydom, Tanzania and Venda, South Africa sites within the MAL-ED cohort. These data comprise n=460 children aged 0-24 months. A comparison with classical curve fitting (linear mixed models) is also presented.

Results: The SDE models offered a wide range of new flexible shapes and parameterizations compared to classical additive models, with performance as good or better than standard approaches. The predictions from the SDE models suggest distinct longitudinal clusters that form distinct ‘streams’ hidden by the large between-child variability.

Conclusions: Using SDE models to predict future growth trajectories revealed new insights in the observed data, where trajectories appear to cluster together in bands, which may have a future risk assessment application. SDEs offer an attractive approach for child growth modelling and potentially offer new insights.
Accounting and Auditing of Assets and Liabilities Used When Conducting Business Abroad
Authors: Kochinev Yuriy , Neelova Natalia , Sobol' O.
Published: June 2020

The relevance of the topic is due to changes in PBU 3/2006 "Accounting for assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency", according to which, from 01.01.2019, all assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency used by an organization to conduct business outside the Russian Federation are subject to conversion into rubles at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the reporting date for the purpose of accounting. This raises the question of the mechanism of the difference arising from the results of recalculation of the value of foreign assets and liabilities, and its reflection in accounting. In the work proposed and illustrated by examples of recommendations to address the above-mentioned difference in specially designed for this purpose, the register. It also provides recommendations on accounting for transactions with non-monetary items used in activities outside the Russian Federation, expressed in rubles.
INFÂNCIAS BEIRADEIRAS: CRIANÇAS DESORDEIRAS
Authors: De Souza Edilma , Castrillon Maldonado Maritza Maciel
Published: June 2020

Encontrar em meio a floresta amazônica a alteridade da infância, é nesse movimento que este artigo se situa enquanto resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Mestrado em Educação. A infância que nos acolheu é composta por crianças ribeirinhas-amazônidas que vivem às margens de um rio produzindo experiências infantis singulares e afirmativas da vida e frequentam uma Instituição de Educação Infantil. Essa infância é concebida neste texto enquanto potência criativa e agenciamentos coletivos de enunciação. Inspiramo-nos no método cartográfico desenvolvido pelos filósofos Deleuze e Guattari para produzir mapas rizomáticos que nos levaram às narrativas infantis ribeirinhas. As narrativas infantis são as potências deste texto na medida em que rompem com paradigmas que a história moderna nos acostumou em relação aos lugares reservados às crianças e às infâncias. Nossas inquietações se traduzem na seguinte questão: Como as crianças reverberam e criam táticas de resistências diante de tantos discursos que se enunciam sobre elas? Encontramos nas narrativas infantis os agenciamentos, os desvios e os acontecimentos-experiências que ecoam o quanto as crianças e as infâncias são novidades diante da soberba de nossa vontade de saber e poder.
A MEDIAÇAO FORMATIVA NA CRECHE: BEBÊS, PROFESSORAS, GESTORAS E PAIS
Authors: Ribeiro Edilene Nere , Astigarraga Andrea Abreu , Menezes Eunice Andrade de Oliveira
Published: June 2020

No trabalho docente na creche surge a necessidade de romper com as marcas deixadas pelo assistencialismo decorrente da ideia de que para a educação de bebês e crianças pequenas bastam os cuidados básicos com higiene, repouso e alimentação. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é observar, descrever e analisar a rotina de uma creche onde uma das autoras deste estudo desenvolve o estágio, de forma a destacar a triangulação formativa entre os bebês, as educadoras-gestoras e os pais. A pesquisa é de abordagem qualitativa, sendo os procedimentos metodológicos a observação participante e análise de documentos, principalmente de relatórios sobre o desenvolvimento global de oito bebês. Os resultados apontaram para a importância do diálogo formativo entre a estagiária, a professora titular e o corpo gestor, bem como revelaram a opinião dos pais dos bebês sobre seu desenvolvimento nos ambientes além da escola, onde não se tem alcance, apenas através de seus depoimentos.
AUTOAVALIAÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL EM CRECHES CONVENIADAS/PARCERIA: UMA PROPOSTA PARA A AÇÃO GESTORA
Authors: Cottet Renata , Ferreira Sandra Lúcia , Souza Fernanda Evelin Camarço de
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi organizar e desenvolver uma proposta de Autoavaliação Institucional para Creche Conveniada/Parceira (AICC) que atendesse demandas de um trabalho educativo desenvolvido por Instituição Não Governamental (ING) responsável pelo atendimento de um Centro de Educação Infantil que, desde 2014, atende 175 crianças na faixa etária de 4 meses a 3 anos e 11 meses. A proposta de autoavaliação buscou fornecer feedback aos educadores, apontando reformulações de ordem técnica, de conteúdo e organizacionais e subsidiar a equipe gestora com informações que possibilitem o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento do Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP). Subsidiado pelas ideias apresentadas no Instrumento de Avaliação Institucional Externa e pelos Indicadores de Qualidade da Educação Infantil Paulistana concluiu-se que os indicadores propostos se mostraram suficientes para um sistema de autoavaliação para Creches Conveniadas, envolvendo coerência, funcionalidade e propriedade, que conectam aspectos do PPP e a realidade institucional, alcance de metas e consideração aos envolvidos.