bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of different commercial enzymes on the clotting of milk and certain properties of curd
Authors: Csanádi József , Bara-Herczegh Ottilia , Szabolcsi Attila , Mihalkó József , Lőrincz Ádám
Published: August 2021

More researches published data about the milk curd properties, evaluated the importance in the cheese making, but an analysis of importance of these properties in practical applications is usually lacking. We investigate the milk curd behaviour using different enzyme preparations at the cutting of curd. We focused on the well measurable properties as clotting time, viscosity of curd, texture properties an whey separation rate of cur at cutting time. Approximately five minutes difference was determined between the clotting times. Investigated the curd properties we found significant differences between the hardness on samples clotted with CHY MAX® M 1000 and NATUREN® Premium 145 enzymes. Other properties did not show significant differences, but in some case differences were remarkable. Discovered differences e.g. approx. 5% whey separation rate difference and the different trends of adhesive force and adhesiveness confirm that such studies should be carried out. Summarized effect of different enzymes can alter the cheese making technology in the practice, significantly. Considering every aspect, in our investigation the CHY MAX® M 1000 enzyme seemed the best.
The mysteries of financial culture and financial habits
Authors: Major Dóra , Zsótér Brigitta
Published: August 2021

In this research I will investigate the financial culture among the students of the Technical Faculty of University of Szeged. I will analyse the results of questionnaires about the alumni’s’ financial culture and financial habits. I aim to learn more about the student’s financial knowledge, debit card usage, savings and loan habits. Also, I research how the students demographic and social background impact their financial decisions and habits.
Accuracy of the dental pulp sensibility test using cold spray for the diagnosis of pulp diseases: an observational clinical study
Authors: Matos Felipe de Souza , Cunha Thaís Christina , Ribeiro Maria Amália Gonzaga , Araujo Camila Silva , Bernardino Ítalo de Macedo , Moura Camilla Christian Gomes , Paranhos Luiz Renato
Published: August 2021

The dental pulp sensibility test is one of the main auxiliary resources for the diagnosis of pulp pathologies, and its accuracy is still debatable. This cross-sectional observational study evaluated the accuracy of the pulp sensibility test (PST) using cold spray (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) for the diagnosis of pulp diseases and determined the effect of individual and clinical variables on the reliability of this test. The paper was designed following the STROBE statement. Sixty patients with indications for primary endodontic treatment were selected and examined from August 2017 to July 2018. Data collection was performed through interviews, clinical/radiographic examinations and the PST. The results of the cold test, along with data on sex, age, the tooth type regarding the root number, and the presence of restorations and caries, as well as the recent consumption of analgesics, were recorded. The presence of bleeding within the pulp chamber was used as the gold standard to compare with the clinical diagnosis and to identify the true-positive, false-positive, true-negative, and false-negative responses. The accuracy of PST achieved in subgroups of individual and clinical variables was compared using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). The PST with the use of cold spray showed a sensitivity of 0.88, a speciﬁcity of 1.00, a positive predictive value of 1.00, a negative predictive value of 0.86, and an accuracy of 0.93. The accuracy of the cold spray was not affected by individual or clinical variables. The PST with the use of cold spray is an accurate and reliable method for determining the diagnosis of pulp diseases, especially in cases of pulp vitality or irreversible pulpitis.
Dama de Paus, de Eliana Cardoso
Authors: Garcia Jaimeson Machado , Domingos Ana Cláudia Munari
Published: August 2021

Este artigo visa analisar a passagem do ebook ao livro a partir dos pressupostos teóricos da Intermidialidade definidos por Lars Elleström (2021 [2020]). Para isso, tomamos como objeto de análise o ebook vencedor da terceira edição do Prêmio Kindle de Literatura, o romance Dama de Paus (2018; 2019), de Eliana Cardoso, e a sua versão em livro, publicada pela editora Nova Fronteira. Para atingirmos o objetivo proposto por esta investigação, iniciamos falando sobre o Prêmio Kindle de Literatura e a mudança paradigmática que ele traz na relação entre o livro e e-book. Em seguida, estabelecemos algumas definições do que, para Elleström (2021 [2020]), é uma mídia, suas classificações e modalidades para, posteriormente, descrevermos as possíveis relações intermidiáticas a partir de uma perspectiva sincrônica e uma perspectiva diacrônica. Após a análise, entendemos que esse processo de remidiação do ebook para o livro impresso através do Prêmio Kindle de Literatura pode ser entendido tanto como uma transmidiação técnica quanto semiótica por conta dos diferentes níveis de transformações nos elementos que constituem o livro.
Quem tem medo do ensino remoto?
Authors: Martoni Alex
Published: August 2021

A necessidade de migração das aulas presenciais para as plataformas digitais, decorrente da pandemia de COVID-19, agravou um quadro que já não era em nada auspicioso: o do ensino de literatura. Se a dificuldade na manutenção dos níveis de atenção sobre o texto literário, condição necessária para uma experiência de leitura profunda, que desenvolva habilidades analógicas, inferenciais e empáticas, já se impunha como um desafio em sala de aula, as contingências inerentes ao ensino remoto e a própria natureza da leitura em tela tornam a tarefa ainda mais árdua. Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre alguns desafios que se impõem ao ensino de literatura na era das plataformas digitais e propor, em caráter experimental, alguns modos de abordagem que, eventualmente, podem torná-lo mais eficiente.
A Impressão 3D no Âmbito das Representações Cartográficas
Authors: Graça Alan José Salomão , Fosse Juliana Moulin , Veiga Luís Augusto Koenig , Botelho Mosar Faria
Published: August 2021

A tecnologia de impressão 3D vem revolucionando muitas práticas de projeto com a possibilidade de geração de protótipos ou peças perfeitamente funcionais nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento, tal como a Cartografia. Diferentes tipos de produtos cartográficos confeccionados por esses métodos produtivos podem ser encontrados na literatura. Todavia, ainda pouco é explorada a questão científica de como é este processo de produção cartográfica 3D, tampouco discutida sobre esta nova forma de abordagem de produtos cartográficos tangíveis. Neste sentido, o presente artigo apresenta os conceitos de impressão 3D aplicados à Cartografia e exemplos teórico-conceituais sobre o emprego da modelagem tridimensional aliada à manufatura aditiva na geração de produtos cartográficos. São apresentadas as vantagens da impressão 3D, tais como a visualização, o tempo de produção, uso de diferentes materiais para variados produtos, que antes eram de difícil produção, além da possibilidade de geração de novas formas de representação. São destacados elementos que ainda necessitam de maiores pesquisas, tais como a simbolização, a generalização aplicada aos modelos geométricos tridimensionais, o uso de cores na impressão 3D e de textos e toponímias.
Níveis de Referência Hidrográfico: uma Abordagem Descritiva
Authors: Menezes Raiane Rintielle Vaz , Souza Larissa Messias de , Ferreira Ítalo Oliveira
Published: August 2021

A execução de um Levantamento Hidrográfico (LH) é um processo contínuo, desde o reconhecimento até à aprovação dos resultados nos quais todas as partes envolvidas efetuam um trabalho minucioso. Para tal, é importante ser detentor de conhecimento específico das normas, metodologias e tecnologias utilizadas na hidrografia. Contudo, principalmente no Brasil, o conhecimento, a prática e a literatura acerca de levantamentos hidrográficos ainda atingem menores proporções do que se espera de um país com dimensões continentais e extenso em litoral. A IHO (International Hydrographic Organization) especifica que, para um LH é necessário relacionar todas as profundidades medidas, independentemente do estágio da maré ou do nível da água no momento da sondagem, a um nível de referência hidrográfico comum. Dentro deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os principais conceitos relacionados aos níveis de referência considerados nos estudos e levantamentos hidrográficos em áreas costeiras e oceânicas. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico a partir de literaturas, principalmente internacionais, de apoio relacionadas a levantamentos hidrográficos, sua caracterização e metodologias, os quais serviram de apoio aos conceitos aqui apresentados.
Um novo ator na agroecologia
Authors: Sobrinho Severino Justino , Gomes Ramonildes Alves
Published: August 2021

A pretensão desse trabalho é analisar as relações de integração de agricultores familiares agroecológicos com a empresa de comercialização Hortaliças Sempre Verde, localizada no município de Alagoa Nova-PB, especializada na comercialização de produtos hortifrutigranjeiros para redes de supermercados nos estados da Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte e Pernambuco, mantendo parcerias com agricultores agroecológicos para o fornecimento de produtos orgânicos. Os agricultores familiares que fornecem os produtos orgânicos para a empresa, na sua grande maioria, residem no município de Alagoa Nova, situado no agreste paraibano.  Contudo, um dos circuitos que tem se mostrado viável para esses agricultores é a produção agroecológica integrada à empresa, que consiste em um acordo de exclusividade produtiva, celebrado entre agricultores agroecológicos e a empresa Hortaliças Sempre Verde. Como estratégia metodológica optamos pela revisão da literatura, realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e abertas, pela observação direta e pela análise de dados secundários acessados na base do IBGE. Verificou-se que os agricultores agroecológicos têm uma integração direta com a empresa e um retorno financeiro rápido, submetendo sua produção agroecológica a racionalidade da empresa, gerando dependência e sujeição da renda.
A campesinidade e o agrohidronegócio em Mucugê, Chapada Diamantina-Bahia
Authors: Oliveira Débora Paula de Andrade , De Souza Mendonça Menezes Sônia
Published: August 2021

O artigo aborda as configurações territoriais de Mucugê, Chapada Diamantina - Bahia, no contexto dos territórios rurais onde coexistem o agrohidronegócio e a campesinidade. Buscou-se refletir sobres a multiplicidade das territorialidades, por vezes conflitantes na realidade local. A metodologia está pautada na discussão dos referenciais teóricos concernentes à questão agrária, ao agrohidronegócio, à campesinidade e à agrobiodiversidade. Buscou-se sistematizar dados secundários relativos às condições sociais de vida da população local, além da elaboração de mapeamentos e pesquisas de campo in loco, que envolve observações diálogos e vivências. Na leitura da realidade em questão, constatou-se que o agrohidronegócio transformou os territórios de Mucugê, impondo lógicas capitalistas de trabalho na terra, todavia, ainda persistem formas alternativas de trabalho e vida pautados na sociabilidade camponesa. Os índices socioeconômicos locais repercutem as contradições sociais intrínsecas ao agrohidronegócio, nos quais foi possível comprovar que a enunciada riqueza e o desenvolvimento proclamado pelos defensores do agrohidronegócio raramente têm contribuído para a melhoria das condições de vida da população local. A criação de territorialidades pelos sujeitos da agricultura familiar camponesa constitui-se como uma estratégia de reprodução social e permanência no campo.
A execução do PNAE em três municípios no território sul litorâneo do Espírito Santo
Authors: Ferreira da Cruz Suely , Rodrigo de Paula Assis Thiago
Published: August 2021

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar - PNAE é uma política que estimula a inserção dos produtos da agricultura familiar no cardápio escolar, por intermédio de entidades executoras, de forma individual ou coletiva. O objetivo do artigo foi analisar os problemas e potencialidades na execução da compra da agricultura familiar em três municípios do território Sul Litorâneo do Espírito Santo (Anchieta, Iconha, Rio Novo do Sul). A metodologia utilizou dados quantitativos e qualitativos por meio de análises de documentos disponibilizados pelas prefeituras, organizações de agricultores, ATER e trinta e nove pessoas entrevistadas (individual e grupo focal). Percebeu-se que o PNAE avançou nestes municípios, sendo que todos adquirem o mínimo de 30% exigido pela lei, chegando a 100%. Porém, foram verificadas necessidades de melhoria nas chamadas públicas, no cumprimento dos contratos, nos preços e no respeito à sazonalidade dos produtos, e nas articulações entre envolvidos, inclusive internamente às organizações da agricultura familiar.
O Coletivo Margarida Alves e a Associação dos Pequenos Produtores Rurais do Assentamento Olga Benário (ASPROAB) em Ipameri (GO):
Authors: Monteiro Rafael de Melo , Aparecido Teodoro Borges Luciney
Published: August 2021

O objetivo desse artigo é compreender, pela análise do Coletivo Margarida Alves e da ASPROAB, as disputas de poder em torno do trabalho e da produção do território no Assentamento Olga Benário, em Ipameri (GO). O aporte teórico-conceitual parte das discussões sobre território e relações de poder, com base em autores como Foucault, Raffestin e Saquet, além dos que tratam do campesinato e dos assentamentos rurais, a exemplo de Woortmann, Turatti, Pessoa e Ferrante, entre outros. Na pesquisa de campo, foram realizadas 55 entrevistas semiestruturadas, entre janeiro e maio de 2015. Em 2019, foram feitas, também, 20 entrevistas com membros da ASPROAB. O trabalho se tornou eixo central das relações de poder e da produção do território no Assentamento Olga Benário, investido em diferentes projetos políticos: de um lado, a recusa do assentamento coletivo, pela maioria das famílias, e a adesão ao modelo associativo, que conserva a posse da terra e a organização familiar do trabalho, com a preocupação de assegurar a estabilidade de vida na terra; por outro lado, o Coletivo Margarida Alves, a despeito do seu desfazimento, também imprimiu sua importância na dinâmica histórica do assentamento, por sua proposta alternativa de trabalho e terra coletivos, sintonizada com a perspectiva de transformação social do MST.

Palavras-chave: Território. Relações de poder. Assentamento Olga Benário. Ipameri. Goiás.
Metodologia comparada
Authors: Marim Vlademir , Andraus Neiva de Castro Cardoso
Published: August 2021

Essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ensino de Ciências e Matemática da Univerisdade Federal de Uberlândia e tem como objetivo analisar as práticas pedagógicas dos docentes que atuam no 1º ano do Ensino Médio, por meio da metodologia comparada, explicitando as fases: descritiva, interpretativa, justaposição e comparativa, com enfase no conteúdo de conjuntos numéricos, com interface na resolução de problemas, por meio de registros dos cadernos dos alunos. Como pressupostos teóricos abordou-se: Marcelo (2009), Marim e Manso (2018), Nóvoa (2009), Tardif (2000), Freire (2009), as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (2015), a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2018) entre outros. Os registros desvelaram práticas individualizadas entre os professores, no desenvolvimento do conteúdo. Sugere-se organizar um ambiente de partilha, no qual possa ser discutido o planejamento, inteirar-se dos conteúdos e, em sincronia, organizar as práticas diárias entre pares.
Iniciação à Docência no PIBID/UNEB
Authors: Santos Simone Teles da Silva
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta a aplicação de uma oficina, utilizando-se o gênero textual Histórias em Quadrinhos (HQs). Discute a importância da utilização do gênero textual HQs, enquanto forma de sensibilizar os estudantes para a ampliação do desenvolvimento do nível de leitura e escrita. Adotou-se a abordagem qualitativa e a pesquisa do tipo participante, tendo como instrumento para coleta de informações a observação e a entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram que os textos do gênero HQs utilizados como facilitadores de ensino-aprendizagem não só contribuíram para o desenvolvimento dos estudantes, mas também estimularam a criatividade e o incentivo à leitura e à escrita.
Determinantes político-pedagógicos em um programa oficial de formação docente para a alfabetização
Authors: Freitas Mirella de Oliveira
Published: August 2021

Este artigo analisa como as dimensões linguística e textual-discursiva foram associadas nas propostas didático-metodológicas do Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC), um programa oficial de formação docente continuada, lançado em 2012 e extinto em 2018. Por meio de pesquisa documental qualitativa, investigaram-se os cadernos formativos estudados em 2013, voltados ao ensino-aprendizagem da língua materna. Resgata-se o programa visando-se a contribuir com as demandas atuais de fortalecimento dos estudos dos letramentos, diante da defesa de uma alfabetização tecnicista e supostamente neutra. Os resultados indicam desafios quanto à articulação das referidas dimensões, para que se aproximem as práticas escolares das situações de interação social mais amplas.
Avanços e recuos presentes nas políticas nacionais de alfabetização no Brasil desde o século XX
Authors: Garcia Marisa
Published: August 2021

O presente trabalho acompanha o percurso pelo qual se estabeleceu a discussão acerca dos métodos de ensinar a ler e a escrever, ao longo do século XX. Trata-se de um período marcado por grande interesse em conquistar a melhor maneira de garantir a alfabetização. Verifica, por meio de revisão de literatura e pesquisa documental, como o Brasil passa pela teoria do déficit até chegar ao Construtivismo. O artigo visa também fazer uma breve análise sobre as implicações didáticas do revezamento entre os métodos nas políticas nacionais de alfabetização em diferentes momentos, entre os quais ganham destaque dois exemplos de adesão à teoria construtivista, e as consequências desastrosas das escolhas que envolvem a PNA (Política Nacional de Alfabetização) de 2019.
Metáforas da nação e a experiência migrante em Luanda, Lisboa, Paraíso e Também os brancos sabem dançar
Authors: Moura Adriano Carlos
Published: August 2021

As diásporas africanas e as migrações contribuíram para a produção de uma literatura protagonizada por sujeitos cuja experiência de deslocamento e o sentimento de não pertencimento manifestam a necessidade de construção de uma identidade atinente às exigências do novo território. Como ser estrangeiro, sentindo-se em casa? As metáforas da nação são um conceito que visa refletir sobre signos que permitem ao cidadão fora de seu território de origem manter o vínculo com os elementos que fizeram parte da construção de sua identidade nacional como língua, música, literatura. O estudo é realizado a partir das vivências dos personagens dos romances Luanda, Lisboa, Paraíso, de Djaimilia Pereira de Almeida e Também os brancos sabem dançar, de Kalaf Epalanga. Inicialmente elabora-se uma discussão teórica para a formulação do conceito de metáfora da nação, com base na Teoria Literária que, num diálogo interdisciplinar com outras áreas de conhecimento como a Sociologia, Geografia, Filosofia e História, analisa a presença dessas metáforas na vida dos personagens-migrantes.
O aterrorizante feminino
Authors: Pordeus Camila
Published: August 2021

Partindo de uma análise mítico-simbólica, com o aporte de Mircea Eliade, este artigo busca refletir acerca da sobrevivência deste acervo imaginário na construção imagética do corpo feminino, focando em suas ambiguidades e manifestações na imagem contemporânea.
PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGN FOR ACTIVE LEARNING SPACE AND CO-RESEARCH LABS: ROOFTOP EXTENSION IN AN ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL
Authors: Prasertsuk Santirak , Rattananavathong Patana
Published: August 2021

This research presents the architectural research-design process of learning spaces that utilized performance-based design techniques. It is the exploration of creating new learning and research environments on the rooftop of the Faculty of Architecture and Planning building. It consists of a co-research lab for faculty members, active-learning classrooms, and semi-outdoor community spaces. To achieve the design goals, the research process consists of surveys of functional requirements from the users, student participation in a design competition, building’s structure inspection, development of performance-based architectural design, and construction document preparation. The whole building energy and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were used to simulate microclimate maps and conditions that used to informed design-decision making. The final design proposes a new architectural expression in contrast to the monotony of horizontal elements of the existing building. A sustainable design approach as a response to the tropical climate of Thailand, as the human comfort, is generally achieved through HVAC system. The south-facing facade is equipped with vertical sunshades, some are automatically adjustable to optimize the daylight efficiency, corresponding to the daily sunâs movement. The solar panels are installed on the roofs to supply electricity and to reduce carbon emissions. Due to the site’s very strict regulatory issues and budget, the steel structural system and dry-wall construction are selected to reduce additional dead-loaded weight and limited construction time.
AN INVESTIGATION OF GREYWATER ONSITE REUSE POTENTIAL IN AN ARID ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Hamouda Mohamed , Al Mansoori Jamila , Al Nuaimi Maitha , Alsaedi Muna , Al Shamsi Mouza
Published: August 2021

Wastewater originating from bathtubs, showers, hand basins, kitchen sinks, dishwashers and laundry machines is usually not as heavily polluted as toilet water and is thus given the name greywater. Greywater separation for onsite reuse has often been voiced as a viable option, particularly for areas suffering from water scarcity. Such areas include remote arid areas, such as desert cities and arid coastal zones. However, issues related to consistency in the quality and quantity of generated greywater were listed as challenges hindering the adoption of greywater reuse. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the different greywater sources for variations in the quality and quantity of greywater in households in the city of Al Ain, UAE over a period of 3 months. Samples were collected from 10 Households and tested for the typical water quality parameters (pH, turbidity, COD, and TDS). In addition, a questionnaire was designed to get an estimate of the greywater flow in the different households. Results indicate that the average daily greywater production was around 88 L per person per day. Even though the results of the water quality analysis for light greywater sources (laundry, showers, and hand basins) exhibited high variability, it was still suitable for direct irrigation. The quantification of greywater flow and potential water savings indicated that greywater could be sufficient for onsite reuse in non-crop irrigation in some of the households.
FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: AN INVESTIGATION USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Salah Osama , Georgy Maged , Ragab Atef
Published: August 2021

Financial Ratio Analysis is considered one of the most fundamental ways of evaluating performance in companies. Analysis of major financial ratios of a company can help decision-makers take early business decisions/actions that could prevent, or at least alleviate, the potential hardships in the future. This paper reviews the literature and shows that various financial models have been developed in the past to evaluate an organization’s financial performance. The paper further proposes to upgrade and extend the resources used for financial performance evaluation through employing advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, with application onto Egyptian construction companies. Research methodology included the gathering of a large number of financial reports/data items from relevant companies. Six major financial ratios were determined over a number of years, based on the consolidated financial accounts and income statements. These ratios include Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Return on Equity, and others. The use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques is then investigated to analyze those ratios and to develop a financial performance evaluation model. K-means, as an un-supervised ML technique, was utilized to cluster the collected data set into three major groups. Each group has its own unique financial characteristics. Finally, future study measures are discussed where case studies will be used to verify and explain the findings.
A WORKFLOW FOR BUILDING SITE DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Di Giuda Giuseppe Martino , Marcandalli Giulia , Sanvito Laura , Schievano Marco , Paleari Francesco
Published: August 2021

The digitalization of construction sector is becoming increasingly important. Based on European Community Directives, Italian legislation has defined a national strategy to start the process of digitization of the construction and public works sector. The purpose of this paper is to set a method for the digitalization of the building process, schematizing the workflow of the procedures that regulate construction management activities. A careful analysis of the state of the art of construction phase activities regulations is carried out; this analysis was based on construction management manuals, scientific publications, and direct contact with professional figures who are related to Construction Management. Critical issues have emerged due to the complexity of the process, bureaucracy, and the digital transition of the sector. The stakeholders involved, the phases, the activities, the documentation, and the timing of the process were identified and represented graphically through the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). The advantages of the methodology are reported in relation to the goals of speeding up and improving the development of the building process, not only for the correct sequence of activities but also for the digital management of documentation. The workflows were standardized for a first implementation on the case study of a Secondary School, where this process helped the structuring of the collaborative platform for the creation of the Document Management System that was used during construction phases.
ON THE SHEAR STIFFNESS DECREASE OF SANDY SOILS DUE TO PARTICLE CRUSHING PROGRESS
Authors: Yamamoto Haruyuki
Published: August 2021

Many previous studies have focused on theoretical and experimental evaluations of the crushing of sandy soil particles under high pressure conditions. From the perspective of practical scenarios, the decreased bearing capacity caused by volume shrinkage and the reduced shear strength and stiffness caused by the crushing of sandy soil particles are important aspects. Therefore, this study aims to confirm the decrease in the shear stiffness of sandy soils subjected to various stress levels combined with high principal stresses. Author conducted crushing tests using the high-pressure true tri-axial compression apparatus under the planned stress paths. Tests on isotropic compression without deviatoric stress q and those involving combinations of the mean stress p and deviatoric stress q up to the shear failure line (SFL) on the p-q plane are employed to characterize the particle crushing of sandy soils. The results indicate that the shear stiffness of sandy soils starts to decrease due to particle crushing under a combination of low mean stress p and high deviatoric stress q. Furthermore, experimental formulas regarding the decrease in shear stiffness due to particle crushing were estimated based on the relationships among the mean stress p, deviatoric stress q and deviatoric strain εd.
MODEL PARAMETERS FOR THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF BURIED PIPES-PART 1
Authors: Todorov Miroslav
Published: August 2021

Pipeline systems are an integral part of modern human activity for much of the accompanying processes of lifestyle and industry. The design and construction of underground facilities solves one major problem-improving the quality of life by deploying the systems near the consumer, without intruding on the human environment. The necessity for more efficient behavior prognosis and evaluation as well as better design of buried pipelines during and after various actions (including geologic and seismic hazards) is directly related to the knowledge of their working mechanism, while aiming to prevent incidents which impact the human life. A number of additional parameters describing the conditions, behavior and effects of the pipeline system, going beyond the conventional Eurocode methods, is a requirement for the scope of this study. This study covers a comprehensive research system based on laboratory and in situ techniques, numerical analyses and the creation of interaction parameters of a buried pipe with soil massif in dynamic situations. Laboratory analyses were conducted in a laboratory triaxial state with cyclic shear strains. All parameters that were defined by constitution models-Mohr-Coulomb, Hardening soil model, Modified Cam-Clay based in a Plaxis software were traced. In the final phase of the publication (Part 2) the implementation and evaluation of the formulated parameters and results of the study are demonstrated.
CLASSIFICATION OF CLAIM-CAUSING EVENTS ACCORDING TO THEIR COMPLEXITY
Authors: Müller Florian , Wenzl Daniel , Heck Detlef
Published: August 2021

The increasing complexity of construction projects has inevitably led to site managers are facing ever more complex claims. As a result, they are increasingly occupied with claim management. Their primary task, however, is to carry out the project and claim management is considered a secondary task. Furthermore, site managers often lack both the know-how and the resources required for handling complex claims. Attaining a successful outcome for a claim, demands stringent causal evidence for each single event linked to its effects. This makes documentation and quantification of a complex claim exceptionally difficult. Site managers tend to underestimate the complexity of a claim-causing event and as a consequence may often be too late in notifying internal company experts or external consultants focusing on claim management. This paper aims to categorize deviations causing a claim according to its complexity at the time of its occurrence. To do so, a quantitative survey was handed out to site managers in the Austrian construction industry. Based on the findings, the authors designed a decision-making matrix to classify claim-causing events according to their complexity. This will allow site managers to take necessary measures processing a claim and mitigate possible disputes.
CORRELATION BETWEEN VALUE ENGINEERING AND SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Loro Lewai Nejib Adil , Abel-khalek Hesham , El-fahham Yasser Mohamed
Published: August 2021

Value engineering (VE) is a practical approach for economic saving and enhancing quality, thereby increasing sustainability in the construction industry. This study presents a latent correlation between VE and sustainability in the construction industry. Such correlation is an adapted method from the current VE process that analyzes the effects of sustainability factors on alternative local building materials cost/performance through its lifecycle stages. The model enables the study team to apply the methodology during the briefing process and change their thoughts from the only cost to value. The paper also suggests three stages for applying a correlation study within the early stages of a project. The study modified each stage by considering the sustainability factors. The methodology was synthesized based on a review of previous studies reinforced by an electronic survey. This paper presents the model’s application in an apartment project’s case study. This case study presents the methodology and calculations of the correlation study. The results show that the estimated savings of the alternatives reach approximately 20% of the original material’s cost; hence, considerable savings in the total project cost reach up to 12.3% and delivered sustainability. The interests of VE and sustainability show a positive correlation; hence, integrating the two should add value to construction projects. This study contributes to the industry that is equivalent to the current VE process.
AN ITERATIVE HDMR APPROACH FOR ENGINEERING RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
Authors: Wang Qian
Published: August 2021

Engineering reliability analysis has long been an active research area. Surrogate models, or metamodels, are approximate models that can be created to replace implicit performance functions in the probabilistic analysis of engineering systems. Traditional 1st-order or second-order high dimensional model representation (HDMR) methods are shown to construct accurate surrogate models of response functions in an engineering reliability analysis. Although very efficient and easy to implement, 1st-order HDMR models may not be accurate, since the cross-effects of variables are neglected. Second-order HDMR models are more accurate; however they are more complicated to implement. Moreover, they require much more sample points, i.e., finite element (FE) simulations, if FE analyses are employed to compute values of a performance function. In this work, a new probabilistic analysis approach combining iterative HDMR and a first-order reliability method (FORM) is investigated. Once a performance function is replaced by a 1st-order HDMR model, an alternate FORM is applied. In order to include higher-order contributions, additional sample points are generated and HDMR models are updated, before FORM is reapplied. The analysis iteration continues until the reliability index converges. The novelty of the proposed iterative strategy is that it greatly improves the efficiency of the numerical algorithm. As numerical examples, two engineering problems are studied and reliability analyses are performed. Reliability indices are obtained within a few iterations, and they are found to have a good accuracy. The proposed method using iterative HDMR and FORM provides a useful tool for practical engineering applications.
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS FOR REDUCING THE VULNERABILITY OF THE HOUSING SERVICE SECTOR ASSOCIATED WITH NATURAL HAZARDS
Authors: Im KwangHyuk
Published: August 2021

Houses or living in buildings near the coastline are more likely to experience damage from natural disasters such as flooding, tsunamis. The damages to the housing service sector near the coastline due to natural hazards can cause billions of dollars annually. Most tsunami waves from natural disasters are less than 10 feet. It has been known that elevating your house will help reduce damage to our property from most natural disasters near the coastline. To improve the resiliency of the housing sector, reconstructing houses by the method of elevating coastal houses will be useful to minimize the associated risks and property damage. The major objectives of this research are to conduct a benefit-cost analysis in terms of private, financial, economic, efficiency using nominal and real terms for minimizing the vulnerability of houses near the coastline associated with natural hazards. To measure the benefit and cost of a strategy of elevating coastal houses, this research will conduct a benefit-cost analysis due to the investment costs for reconstructing houses by the method of elevating coastal houses using historical economic and financial data. Reducing risks of property damages and economic perturbations in the housing service sector through reconstructing houses by the method of elevating coastal houses will lead to improving the resiliency of interrelated infrastructures and sectors. Moreover, the resiliency of the houses near the coastline will help in speeding the recovery from or resistance to natural hazards in the long run.
SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF UNREINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY INFILL WALLS
Authors: Azzi Ziad , Abi Shdid Caesar
Published: August 2021

The majority of new and existing building inventories in the Middle East consist of reinforced concrete skeletal structures with outer shells composed of unreinforced masonry infill walls. In the absence of any mandatory seismic design requirements, these buildings will sustain catastrophic damage when exposed to high seismic activity. Investigating the behavior of such infill walls when exposed to ground motion is therefore an important topic. Experimental tests using shake table out-of-plane ground motion of the 1940 El Centro earthquake displacement are conducted on 3:10 scaled specimens of a single story reinforced concrete frame with a masonry infill wall in between. The test specimens are constructed with the same materials and construction practices commonly used in the region. Displacements and strains are compared with a finite element model of the frame. Moreover, the observed overall behavior of the infill is compared to that of the computer model. The recorded strains in the mortar joints exceeded cracking limits, whereas the overall stability of the wall in out-of-plane bending was not compromised. Recommendations on the use of these structural elements are formulated.
INFLUENCE OF BOND AND FRICTION ON TENSILE STRENGTH OF PERFORATED STEEL PLATE CONNECTOR UNDER CONFINEMENT
Authors: Nagaoka Yuka , Fujinaga Takashi , Tanaka Teruhisa
Published: August 2021

Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are commonly used in Japan, which utilize onsite full-strength welded splices between columns. However, onsite welding requires high technical skill and a controlled environment. Further, this type of splice is expensive and, in most cases, is not necessary for dependable building performance under severe earthquake loading conditions. Recently, new types of CFST column splices have been developed that enhance constructability and avoid the need for onsite welding. In the proposed column splice method, perforated steel plates are placed on each column half and are welded into place. To evaluate the performance of this splice, it is important to determine the pull-out strength and behavior modes of the perforated steel plates embedded into the CFSTs. In this paper, a pull-out experiment with perforated steel plates embedded into a square CFST stub is conducted. The experimental parameters are the bond between the steel plate and the concrete, the embedded length of the perforation, and the extra length of the steel plate. The effect of the bond and friction strength between the steel and concrete are discussed, and a design formula for the pull-out strength of the perforated steel plate is examined.
STABILITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR ELASTIC-PLASTIC PROCESSES WITH DAMAGE
Authors: Yazdani Siamak , Wang Lisa , Lomiento Giuseppe , Trad Yagoub
Published: August 2021

Classical theory of plasticity is fairly complete with flow rules, convexity of yield surfaces, extremum principles, and the uniqueness theorem. For the strain-hardening plasticity, Drucker’s postulates are established and proven based on the plastic-work and energy principles. Plasticity models have been further applied to heterogeneous and cementitious materials with certain degrees of success. In this paper, the stability statements of strain-hardening and strain-softening processes in concrete are examined by utilizing thermodynamic potential functions in the stress space and by applying Euler’s theorem of homogenous functions. It is shown that by specifying a strain-hardening parameter to account for the plastic strains and a damage parameter to represent the effect of microcracking, the dissipation inequality can be used to establish the Drucker’s stability postulate for the plastic flow within the framework of the internal variable theory of thermodynamics. Using the same approach and assuming uncoupling between plastic flow and microcracking, the formation leads to a softening stability statement for damage processes in concrete.
COMPARATIVE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF UHPC JACKETING AND SCED BRACING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Joseph Roshen , Mwafy Aman , Alam M. Shahria
Published: August 2021

Observed damage to existing pre-seismic code buildings in previous earthquakes has raised interest among the engineering community for improving the performance of these structures using different seismic retrofit measures. This paper throws light on contemporary techniques for the seismic retrofit of RC buildings, namely ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) jacketing and self-centering energy dissipative (SCED) braces. Detailed fiber-based numerical modeling of a benchmark structure is undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the selected retrofit measures. The case study structure is a two-story pre-seismic code residential building designed for gravity and wind loads, exhibiting poor seismic performance. Along with the two retrofit strategies investigated, several parameters are also considered. Inelastic static pushover and incremental dynamic analyses are conducted to select the retrofit measures and assess their effects on seismic performance. Using a collection of far-field earthquake records and a set of performance criteria, fragility functions are constructed to assess the vulnerability of the benchmark structure with and without the retrofit solutions. The study shows that the adopted index that links cost to the seismic performance obtained from the fragility functions can provide a rational ranking of the selected retrofit approaches relative to the existing building and support selecting the most effective and economical alternative.
SEISMIC ASSESSMENT OF CONTEMPORARY VERSUS OLD URBAN FRAME BUILDINGS
Authors: Ashri Abdelrahman , Issa Anas , Mwafy Aman
Published: August 2021

This comparative study probabilistically assesses the relative safety margins of code-compliant and pre-seismic code RC buildings with different heights in a region of medium seismicity. Detailed structural design and fiber-based modeling of six benchmark structures, namely two code-compliant buildings and two pre-code structures before and after retrofit, are undertaken to develop fragility functions using several earthquake records representing the most critical seismic scenario in the study area. Several inelastic dynamic analyses are performed to assess the seismic response and derive a range of fragility functions for the six benchmark buildings. Compared with contemporary structures, the study highlights the vulnerability of pre-code buildings due to the insufficient stiffness, strength, and ductility provided by their lateral force resisting systems. A practical retrofit solution for pre-code structures is subsequently assessed using the methodology adopted for other modern and old buildings. The probabilistic assessment results confirmed the comparable seismic performance of the retrofitted and code-conforming buildings. The comparative study, which provided insights into the differences between code-compliant versus pre-seismic code buildings before and after retrofit, contributes to reducing earthquake losses and improving community seismic resilience in earthquake-prone regions.
Measurements of Alterations in Bone Mineral Density, and Body Composition in a Group of Type-2 Diabetic Women
Authors: Majeed Khalid Ghanim , Dawood Muthanna Hashim , Mohialdeen Ali Khairaldeen
Published: August 2021

Aim: To assess the body composition of fat mass, lean mass, visceral fat mass, and total body water in DM patients and compares their findings with a healthy control group. Material and Methods: A total of 86 people including 40 diabetes Mellitus type 2 matched for sex and age with 46 healthy control participated in the study. BMDs of the lumbar vertebrae and the hip regions like (total femur, femoral neck) were assessed using the DXA technique. The mean age of (DM) group was 59 ± 11.82 years, the height 1.55 ± 0.05 m., the weight 80.82 ± 13.25 kg, and BMI 33.81 ± 6.76 kg/m2. Results: The differences in measurements of the lumbar spine BMD (1.12 ± 0.13 g/cm2), total femur BMD (1.10± 0.17 g/cm2) neck of femur BMD (0.85± 0.35 g/cm2), and total BMD of the body (0.90± 0.06 g/cm2) were highly significant in healthy control group as compared to DM patients 0.84 ± 0.13 g/cm2, 0.99±0.15 g/cm2, 0.82± 0.24 g/cm2 and 0.79 ± 0.09 g/cm2 respectively. Conclusion: The results shows a highly significant in the lumbar spine, total femur, and total BMC, and not significant in the neck of the femur. The total body lean compartment was not significantly different between DM patients and healthy control women groups. The total body water compartment in the DM women group was highly significant lower different comparing with a healthy control group. The mathematical equations to predict total bone density in DM type 2 and healthy control women were calculated.
Présentation
Authors: Mudrochová Radka , Kacprzak Alicja , Cartier Emmanuel
Published: August 2021

Editorial
Trust-building and leadership in multi-stakeholder forums: lessons from Indonesia
Authors: Tamara A.R. , Vigil N.M. Heise , Liswanti N. , Arwida S. , Larson A.M. , Barletti J.P. Sarmiento
Published: August 2021

Multi-stakeholder forums (MSFs) are coordination spaces that enable discussions, negotiations, and joint planning between different kinds of actors. Proponents of MSFs claim that bringing different actors to the same table may help solve complex problems. Nevertheless, an MSF's process
and outcomes are affected by its leadership and whether participants are able to trust each other. This paper examines the influence of trust and leadership in three MSFs addressing land and resource use in three subnational jurisdictions in Indonesia. The comparative analysis of semi-structured
and Q-methodology interviews carried out with MSF participants and non-participants demonstrates the following. First, that the presence of conflicting interests of different stakeholders can hinder trust-building and cooperation. Understanding the historical relationships between stakeholders,
including any positive informal relationships, is necessary to build a better strategy to handle antagonism and improve collaboration. Second, different challenges within MSFs require different kinds of leadership. A shared leadership may work in an MSF with participants with a history of
positive relationships. A charismatic leader is preferable in MSFs with conflicts of interest or where participants are yet to trust each other.
From Earthquake Geophysical Measures to Insurance Premium: A Generalised Method for the Evaluation of Seismic Risk, with Application to Italy’s Housing Stock
Authors: Cesari Riccardo , D’Aurizio Leandro
Published: August 2021

Following the increasing necessity of quantitative measures for the impact of natural catastrophes, this paper proposes a new technique for a probabilistic assessment of seismic risk by using publicly available data on the earthquakes that have occurred in Italy. We implement an insurance-oriented methodology to produce a new map of the seismic risk and to evaluate, under various hypotheses, the costs of insuring all the Italian housing units against it. The model is compared with two main privately developed models, well known in the reinsurance industry, providing fairly similar results.