bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF AN AIRLIE BEACH HOUSE: A CASE STUDY IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: WHEATLEY Greg , BABAMIRI Arash , PHILIPPA Bronson
Published: February 2022

Airlie beach houses are quite common in the coastal areas of Australia. These houses, similar to other buildings, provide comfort for their residents. House comfort is not limited to temperature or sound pollution, vibration can be considered as another equally important factor. In this article, the vibration of an Airlie beach house was investigated. The base steel structure was modeled in SolidWorks and Space Gass for evaluating stress distribution and nodal displacement, respectively. To find the root cause of the distressing vibration of the house, which was felt with dwellings, the axial acceleration of the house’s structure was determined. Some feasible solutions such as adding a fiber-reinforced polymer joist hanger, inserting additional rubber padding to the joist hanger, and attaching additional bracing, were discussed and a cost analysis was considered for the solutions. Eventually, the nature of the best solution, which was adding rubber, was tested experimentally.
INFORMATION TOOLS FOR CULTURAL TOURISM DESTINATIONS: MANAGING ACCESSIBILITY
Authors: Ambrose Ivor , Papamichail Katerina
Published: February 2022

Purpose – This paper is prepared in connection with the H2020 IMPACTOUR project on “Improving Sustainable Development Policies and Practices to access, diversify and foster Cultural Tourism (CT) in European regions and areas”. It addresses the development of indicators for the management of accessibility in European CT destinations, responding to the growing accessible tourism market as a driver of sustainable tourism strategies. Methodology – The paper describes the development of tools, indicators and metrics for gathering accessibility information, which DMOs may use as part of the IMPACTOUR CT destination management system. It reports on global and European destination management systems and tools, and describes key requirements for accessibility indicators, namely: 1) Validity, 2) Reliability, 3) Universality, 4) Availability, 5) Scalability and 6) Operability. Findings – A set of “core indicators” and additional “optional indicators” are selected for initial testing in the IMPACTOUR Destination Pilot Sites in various EU countries. Pilot destinations and representative groups of citizens and visitors will be engaged in testing and validating the accessibility parameters of the tool and demonstrating how tourists with access requirements can be suitably catered for within the overall framework of sustainable destination management. Contribution – The paper describes the development of information tools supporting CT destinations in managing the demands of the growing accessible tourism market. The use of accessibility indicators in destination management is part of the holistic, data-driven approach promoted by IMPACTOUR, aiming to ensure inclusive cultural tourism for all visitors and citizens in the host communities.
MODEL EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN PADA MASA NEW NORMAL: STUDI KASUS DI SDN 04 KALISARI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN
Authors:   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Nurfadhilah Nada , Siregar Ahmad Alkindi ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Rabi'ah Vira Muthia ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Nudin Burhan ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia
Published: February 2022

Since Covid-19, schools implement the online learning system which gives extra tasks and responsibilities to all teachers. In online learning, the implementation of formative and summative evaluations has several problems, one of which is the limitations of media and learning evaluation tools. The purpose of this study is to explain and analyze (1) the implementation of summative and formative tests before the pandemic (2) the implementation of summative and formative tests during the new normal (3) The obstacles and supporting factors of the evaluation process at SDN 04 Kalisari. The research uses a qualitative approach. The data collection technique was carried out by indirect observation through the website, interviews via Zoom, and the study of documentation obtained in the form of data on school facilities and infrastructure. The technique of determining the informants used purposive sampling, namely the Principal and Teachers. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman model by means of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of formative and summative learning evaluations provides new achievements or new challenges for principals and teachers (1) The use of various learning methods to increasestudent interest (2) Smartphone and unstable network constraints (3) decreasedstudent scores.
KONSTRUKSI MASYARAKAT TENTANG HIDUP TANPA ANAK SETELAH MENIKAH
Authors: Hanandita Tiara
Published: February 2022

The main problem discussed in this article is to examine people's opinions about living without children after marriage through the construction that is formed in the community. This research was conducted because Indonesia is a pronatalist country, while the decision not to have children is a contradiction or something that is considered deviant. This study uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques through interviews. In the field, data is obtained that the decision not to have children is a form of habitualization in society. Couples who have passed the stage of marriage, then the next stage is to have children. This habitualization is in line with the Construction Theory proposed by Peter L. Berger.

Keywords: Habitualization, Pronatalist, and Contrustion 
Abstrak
Pokok permasalahan yang dibahas dalam artikel ini adalah mengkaji pendapat masyarakat tentang hidup tanpa anak setelah menikah melalui kontruksi yang terbentuk di masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena Indonesia merupakan negara pronatalis, sedangkan keputusan untuk tidak memiliki anak merupakan sebuah pertentangan atau hal yang dianggap menyimpang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitiatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi menggunakan  teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara. Di lapangan diperoleh data bahwa keputusan untuk tidak memiliki anak merupakan wujud dari habitualisasi di masyarakat. Pasangan yang telah melewati tahap pernikahan, maka tahap selanjutnya adalah memiliki anak. Habitualisasi tersebut sejalan dengan Teori Konstruksi yang dikemukakan oleh Peter L. Berger.

Kata Kunci: Habitualisasi, Pronatalis, dan Konstruksi
Antecedent Precipitation Tool (APT) Version 1.0 : technical and user guide
Authors: Gutenson Joseph , Deters Jason
Published: February 2022

This document provides an overview of the technical components of the Antecedent Precipitation Tool (APT) and a user guide for using the APT. The APT is an automation tool that the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) developed to facilitate the comparison of antecedent or recent precipitation conditions for a given location to the range of normal precipitation conditions that occurred during the preceding 30 yr¹. In addition to providing a standardized methodology to evaluate normal precipitation conditions (“precipitation normalcy”), the APT can assess the presence of drought conditions and the approximate dates of the wet and dry seasons for a given location.
Developing Universal Design for Learning Asynchronous Training in an Academic Library
Authors: Lewitzky Rachael , Weaver Kari
Published: February 2022

This paper explores the design and initial implementation of online training modules for Universal Design for Learning in the context of academic libraries. Academic libraries are shifting away from the provision of resources and toward actively providing instruction and engaging with learners. The COVID-19 pandemic saw a quick transition from many in-person resources to virtual resources. Ensuring librarians are equipped to support learners in this manner is crucial. The goal of this paper was to determine how best to assist academic librarians with developing effective online resources. To achieve this goal, we conducted interviews with academic librarians. After consulting the literature and collecting information from academic librarians, we identified four key concepts for providing valuable instruction and designing material. The four themes included making content accessible, usable, meaningful, and reliable. We then developed four online training modules using Articulate Rise. The modules provide a foundation for aiding academic librarians with their teaching practice and engaging with a broad range of learners. These modules quickly demonstrated their value in the library context, and future testing, assessing, and iterating will enable their continuous improvement via institutional and cross-institutional collaboration.
A Reflection on Precarity
Authors: Babb Maureen
Published: February 2022

This personal reflective piece explores precarity in academic libraries from the perspective of someone who has been a precariously employed librarian, but has shifted to more stable employment.  The detrimental aspects of precarious work are explored, both in relation to individuals and in relation to the institutions that hire precariously.  There is discussion of the lack of attention paid to this critical topic, and a call for those with secure positions to turn their attention towards the problem of precarity in libraries.
A Comparison of Mechanical Properties and Failure Processes of Saturated and Unsaturated Slate from Sichuan-Tibet Plateau Area, China
Authors: Zheng Liang-Juan , Xie He-Ping , Xu Zheng-Xuan , Deng Jian-Hui , Wang Dong , Zhang Guang-Ze , Li Cun-Bao , Zhang Ru , Feng Gan
Published: February 2022

Water content significantly affects the physical and mechanical properties of rock and can cause rock mass to become unstable. This, in turn, can cause geologic disasters such as water inrush and surrounding rock deformation. Uniaxial compression experiments on slate samples drilled from the surrounding rock of a tunnel in the Chinese Sichuan-Tibet Plateau area were performed coupled with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. The changes in mechanical properties and failure processes of unsaturated and saturated slates were investigated comparatively through test results. Phenomena of a slight drop of σ1 in the compaction and elasticity stage were observed, and it is due to the sliding of slate along the layered surface. According to the results, the average compressive strength of saturated slates was reduced by 24.3% compared to the unsaturated slates. The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of AE indicated that the deformation and fracturing of unsaturated slates happened concentratedly and violently in the accelerated crack growth stage, while that of saturated slates occurred with low energy and uniform distribution spatially and temporally in the whole process. Moreover, water content reduced the brittleness index of unsaturated slate by 17.1%. For both conditions, the abundance of AE activity before failure shifted from a high level to a low level and lasted until failure. This can be used as a preliminary failure prediction of slates.
Reactive enteric glial cells participate in paralytic ileus by damaging nitrergic neurons during endotoxemia
Authors: Li Na , Xu Jing , Gao Hui , Zhang Yuxin , Li Yansong , Chang Haiqing , Tan Shuwen , Li Shuang , Wang Qiang
Published: February 2022

Background: Paralytic ileus is common in patients with septic shock, which may cause high morbidity and mortality. Enteric neurons and enteric glial cells (EGCs) participate in the regulation of intestinal motility, but little is known about their interaction in endotoxemia. We aim to investigate whether reactive EGCs have harmful effects on enteric neurons and participate in intestinal motility disorder in mice during endotoxemia. Methods: In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce endotoxemia in mice, and intraperitoneal injections of fluorocitrate (FC) before LPS injections to inhibit the reactive EGCs. The effects of reactive EGCs on intestinal motility were analyzed by motility assays in vivo and colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs) ex-vivo. The number of enteric neurons was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining HuCD, nNOS and CHAT in vivo. In addition, we stimulated EGCs with IL-1β and TNF-α in vitro and cultured the primary enteric neurons in the conditioned medium, detecting the apoptosis and morphology of neurons through staining TUNEL, cleaved Caspase-3 protein and Anti-β-III tubulin.Results: The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was significantly upregulated in LPS-injected animals, indicating EGCs were transformed into a reactive state. Inhibition of reactive EGCs improved intestinal motility and peristaltic reflex, and increased the density of the neuronal population in the colonic myenteric plexus significantly, especially the nitrergic neurons. In vitro, the apoptotic rate of enteric neurons significantly increased, and the dendritic complexity and the number of primary neurites were significantly reduced in the conditioned medium of reactive EGCs.Conclusion: Reactive enteric glial cells participated in paralytic ileus by damaging nitrergic neurons during endotoxemia. It may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for intestinal motility disorders during endotoxemia or sepsis.
Life Table Construction for Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae): The Effect of Different Plant Nutrient Conditions on Insect Performance
Authors: Xie Runshi , Wu Bin , Gu Mengmeng , Qin Hongmin
Published: February 2022

Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae; CMBS) is an invasive pest species that primarily infest crapemyrtles (Lagerstroemia spp.) in the United States. Recent reports have revealed the dire threat of CMBS to attack not only crapemrytles but also the U.S. native species with expanded host plants such as American beautyberry (Callicarpa spp.) and Hypericum kalmianum L. (St. Johnswort). A better understanding of plant-insect interaction will provide better and environmental-friendly pest management strategies. In this study, we constructed the first comprehensive life table for CMBS to characterize its biological parameters, including developmental stages, reproductive behavior, and fecundity. The indirect effect of three plant nutrient conditions (water, 0.01MS, and 0.1MS) on CMBS populations was examined using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The demographic analyses revealed that the plant nutrient conditions had significantly altered CMBS development in terms of the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (λ), the net reproductive rate (R0), and mean generation time (T). Higher r, λ, and R0 were recorded under nutrient-deficient conditions (water), while CMBS reared on plants with healthier growing conditions (0.1MS) had the most prolonged T. Overall, CMBS shows better insect performance when reared on plants under nutrient-deficient conditions.
Detecting Contact In Language Trees: A Bayesian Phylogenetic Model With Horizontal Transfer
Authors: Neureiter Nico , Ranacher Peter , Efrat-Kowalsky Nour , Kaiping Gereon , Weibel Robert , Widmer Paul , Bouckaert Remco
Published: February 2022

Phylogenetic trees are a central tool for studying language evolution and have wide implications for understanding cultural evolution as a whole. For example, they have been the basis of studies on the evolution of musical instruments, religious beliefs and political complexity. Bayesian phylogenetic methods are transparent regarding the data and assumptions underlying the inference. One of these assumptions -- that languages change independently -- is incompatible with the reality of language evolution, particularly with language contact. When speakers interact, languages frequently borrow linguistic traits from each other. Phylogenetic methods ignore this issue, which can lead to errors in the reconstruction. More importantly, they neglect the rich history of language contact. A principled way of integrating language contact in phylogenetic methods is sorely missing.

We present contacTrees, a Bayesian phylogenetic model with horizontal transfer for language evolution. The model efficiently infers the phylogenetic tree of a language family and contact events between its clades. The implementation is available as a package for the phylogenetics software BEAST 2.

We apply contacTrees in a simulation study and a case study on a subset of well-documented Indo-European languages. The simulation study demonstrates that contacTrees correctly reconstructs the history of a simulated language family, including simulated contact events. Moreover, it shows that ignoring contact can lead to systematic errors in the estimated tree height, rate of change and tree topology, which can be avoided with contacTrees. The case study confirms that contacTrees reconstructs known contact events in the history of Indo-European and finds known loanwords, demonstrating its practical potential. The model has a higher statistical fit to the data than a conventional phylogenetic reconstruction, and the reconstructed tree height is significantly closer to well-attested estimates. Our method closes a long-standing gap between the theoretical and empirical models of cultural evolution. The implications are especially relevant for less documented language families, where our knowledge of past contacts and linguistic borrowings is limited. Since linguistic phylogenies have become the backbone of many studies of cultural evolution, the addition of this integral piece of the puzzle is crucial in the endeavour to understand the history of human culture.
Active/Secondary Pulmonary Tuberculosis Classification Model Based on Deep Learning of CT Images and Its Clinical Applications
Authors: Li Hongjun , Nijiati Mayidili , Zhou Renbing , Damaola Miriguli , Li Li , Qian Baoxin , Abulizi Abudoukeyoumujiang , Zou Xiaoguang
Published: February 2022

Objective: To develop a CT image-based deep learning framework (3D-ResNet) as a new technology for the early warning of active and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: Chest CT images of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (n=1,160) and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis (n=1,131) diagnosed via bacteriological examination were retrospectively collected to analyze differences between the clinical and imaging presentations of the two diseases. Lung field regions were presegmented by using a 3D Nested UNet model, and a 3D-ResNet model was developed for training the classification model. The data were randomly grouped at a ratio of 7:2:1 for training, validation and testing. Area under the curve (AUC), accuracy (ACC), recall and F1 scores were used as model evaluation metrics, and class activation mapping were used to evaluate the activation regions of interest.Results: Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were older than those with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis. Additionally, patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were observed to cough more, and patients with secondary pulmonary tuberculosis experienced more chest pain. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.05). The AUC values of the model on the validation and test datasets were 0.948 and 0.945, respectively, with ACC values being 0.973 and 0.969, Recall values being 0.941 and 0.949 and F1 scores being 0.977 and 0.969, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 3D-ResNet can be used as a rapid auxiliary diagnostic tool for differentiating active pulmonary tuberculosis and secondary pulmonary tuberculosis, which can help patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in receiving timely treatment, in reducing transmission and in avoiding overtreatment. Additionally, this tool can aid secondary pulmonary tuberculosis patients who are misdiagnosed as having active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Robotic Grasp/Motion Planning for Efficient Packing Assuming Multiple Grippers
Authors: Iwao Kazuki , Koyama Keisuke , Wan Weiwei , Nishi Takao , Harada Kensuke
Published: February 2022

It is challenging for a robot to densely pack various types of objects into a box because the packing posture of an object depends on the grasp configuration of the gripper. In this study, assuming multiple grippers, we propose a method for automatically planning the motion of a robot that packs objects into a box , considering whether the grippers can grasp the objects and pack them in a box. The proposed method first determines the appropriate gripper candidates for grasping each object. The initial solution is then generated by arranging the objects in random order and placing them in the available space in order, considering the gripper for each object. To increase the filling rate of each container and reduce the final number of required containers, the system repeatedly exchanges and replaces the objects in each container. Finally, the grasping and placement postures using the appropriate gripper are obtained for each object position, based on which the packing motion is planned. Through simulation and experiments, we determine the container and the position where the object is to be inserted, and confirm that the object can be placed in a suboptimal position by planning the grasping motion of the robot without collision using a gripper that can grasp the object.
Multi-directional-motion-coupling-based Extreme Motion Control of Distributed Drive Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Ding Weiping , Wang Kai , Yang Mingliang , Li Yang , Liu Zibin , Wang Haiying
Published: February 2022

To improve the multi-directional motion control accuracy and driving stability of Distributed Drive Autonomous Vehicles (DDAVs) under extreme conditions, the extreme speed estimation method based on dynamic boundary and the motion control law design method based on vehicle multi-directional motion coupling dynamic model are proposed. The stable driving state of DDAVs is identified by the dynamic boundary composed of yaw rate, sideslip angle and roll angle, and then the extreme speed of stable driving is estimated. The eight-degrees-of-freedom(8-DOF) DDAVs vehicle dynamics model is used to design the control law of steering wheel angle, wheel torque and active suspension actuation force. Based on the above methods and sliding mode algorithm, the Multi-directional Motion Coupling Control System (MMCCS) of DDAVs is designed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by double-line-shifting and serpentine driving simulations under different road adhesion conditions. The superiority of the method is proved by comparing the existing integrated control method.
Association of anemia and platelet activation with necrotizing enterocolitis with or without sepsis among low birth weight neonates: a case–control study
Authors: jiang zhou , Ye guangyong , Zhang songying , Zhang long
Published: February 2022

To evaluate the value of the proportion of large platelets (PLCR) and platelet crit (PCT) in predicting necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in low birth weight (LBW) neonates.A total of 155 LBW (< 2500 g) neonates with NEC admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the hospital from January 1, 2017 to November 30, 2019 were included in the case group. According to the 1:3 case-control study design, a total of 465 LBW neonates without NEC (3 for each LBW neonate with NEC) in the NICU born ≤ 24 h before or after the birth of the cases were included in the control group.During the study period, a total of 6946 LBW neonates were born, and 155 had NEC, including 98 who also had sepsis. Neonatal sepsis was the most important risk factor and confounding factor for NEC in LBW neonates. Further stratified analysis of the sepsis showed that in LBW neonates without sepsis, anemia, high PLCR, and high PCT increases the risk of NEC, and the receiver operating characteristic curve area of PLCR was 0.739, the sensitivity was 0.770, the specificity was 0.610, and the cutoff value was 33.55.Conclusion: The data showed that 2/100 LBW neonates were prone to NEC, and stratified analysis of confounding factors of sepsis identified the risk factors of NEC in LBW neonates. This study first reported the significant value of PLCR in the early prediction of NEC occurrence in LBW neonates without sepsis.
A CD45RO+ stem cell memory T cell population intermediate to canonical stem cell memory and central memory T cells in human cancer.
Authors: Powell Daniel , Eiva Monika , Brown Erica , Pandey Veethika , Benton Alexander , Thomas Stacy , Meng Wenzhao , Rosenfeld Aaron , Prak Eline Luning
Published: February 2022

T memory stem cells (Tscm) are integral for effective immunotherapy and antitumor responses, but little is known about Tscm immunobiology in solid human tumors. Here we identify self-renewing and multipotent Tscm tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in human cancer and present a novel Tscm subset which expresses CD45RO, is derived from CD45RO- Tscm T cells, and is capable of self-renewal and multipotency. From the analysis of CD45RO+ Tscm differentiation, phenotyping, gene expression, and the broader TCR repertoire, we find CD45RO+ Tscm cells are hierarchically positioned in between canonical CD45RO- Tscm cells and central memory T cells. Notably, CD45RO+ Tscm cells exhibit a gene expression profile with effector capabilities and a tumor-specific phenotype that is more similar to T cells associated with successful immunotherapy than canonical Tscm. Overall, we identify a novel Tscm subset in human cancer which has distinct phenotypic, transcriptional, and effector-like attributes that position it as an attractive subset for future research in the setting of cancer immunotherapy.
Serum Calprotectin Level is Independently Associated with Carotid Plaque Presence in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: T Cheng Isaac , Meng Huan , Li Martin M , Li Edmund K , Wong Priscilla C , Yan Byran P , Lee Alex PW , So Ho , Tam Lai-Shan
Published: February 2022

Background Whether calprotectin could play a role in augmenting cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to elucidate the association between serum calprotectin and subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in patient with PsA. Method Seventy-eight PsA patients (age: 52±10 years, 41 [52.6%] male) without CV disease were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the presence of plaque were determined by high-resolution ultrasound. Arterial stiffness was measured by brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) and augmentation index (AIx) Calprotectin levels in serum were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results 29/78 (37.2%) of patient had carotid plaque (CP+ group). Serum calprotectin levels were significantly higher in the CP+ group (CP- group: 564.6 [329.3-910.5] ng/ml; CP+ group: 721.3 [329.3-910.5] ng/ml, P=0.005). Serum calprotectin level correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=0.244, P =0.033) and PsA disease duration (r=0.245, P =0.030). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the levels of Ln-calprotectin were significantly associated with the presence of CP (OR: 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.22, 8.38]; P=0.018), and mean cIMT (β: 0.35, 95% CI [0.02, 0.68]; P=0.038) after adjusting for baseline covariates. The optimal cut-offs for discriminating patients with and without CP were calprotectin >569ng/ml (AUC: 0.688; sensitivity: 79%; specificity: 51%; P=0.006) and FRS >9% (AUC: 0.645; sensitivity: 62%; specificity: 67%; P=0.033). Conclusion Serum calprotectin level may be a good biomarker for CV risk stratification in PsA. Further studies are required to confirm whether this pathway is associated with CV events in PsA.
Effects of regulated dry season irrigation on tree water use, root zone moisture dynamics and yield of cacao in a rainforest zone of Nigeria
Authors: Agele Samuel , agbona Ademola , ogunleye abel
Published: February 2022

A field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of regulated dry season irrigation on tree water use, root zone moisture dynamics and yield of cacao in a rainforest zone of Nigeria. Following cessation of rainfall in November, irrigation commenced from December 2017 to May 2018. Irrigation amount was computed based on cumulative class A Pan evaporation. Irrigation treatments were coded as IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3, consisting of water application using EPan *Pan coefficients (Kcp) of 1.0; 0.70 and 0.50 (9.6, 6.8 and 4.8 l/tree/day). Irrigation water applied at 5-days interval was discharged via point source emitters (2.8 l/h discharge rate ) on drip lines laterally installed per row of trees. Irrigation requirements were on the average, 4.49, 3.14 and 2.44 mm, total water applied per irrigation events were 1009.88, 706.92 and 504.94 mm per plot ( 225 m2 ), total seasonal water applied were 33858, 23701 and 16929 mm, and soil moisture contents were 52, 45 and 28% for the respective IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3. Tree evapotranspiration (ETc) were 4.54, 3.19 and 2.32 mm/day while seasonal sums were 809, 566 and 404 mm while the ratio of ETc to EPan were 0.9, 0.69 and 0.53 for IrT1, IrT2 and IrT3. Tree water use efficiencies were 0.3 and 0.04 t/mm for Y/ETc and 0.16 to 0.19 kg/mm for Y/Irrigation respectively. Cacao pod and bean yields were 35.4, 22.1 and 10.3 t/ha and 2.29, 1.37 and 1.03 t/ha while yields decreased by 60 and 40% under IrT3 and IrT2 compared with IrT1. The study identified suitable Pan coefficients for scheduling irrigation during the dry season for cacao, full irrigation (EPan*1.0) applied at 9.6 l/tree/day will be needed to replenish soil water depletion to satisfy crop consumptive water use ( transpiration and soil evaporation components). The low pressure gravity-drip irrigation system alleviated climate stress during the dry season and improved cacao performance in a tropical rainforest environment.
Effectiveness of immunization with multi-component bacterial immunomodulator in foals at 35th day of life
Authors: Migdał Anna , Migdał Łukasz , Adam Okólski , Migdał Anna
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanisms leading to immunization through the use of a multicomponent bacterial immunomodulator and to find out the relationship between the TLR 4 receptor with selected parameters of innate immunity and to acquire immunity. The study was conducted on 18 Polish Pony Horses foals divided into two study groups: control (n=9) and experimental (n=9). Foals from the experimental group received intramuscular duplicate injection of 5 ml of multi-component bacterial immunomodular at 35 and 40 days of age. RNA isolated from venous blood was used to evaluate the expression of TLR4 genes using RT-PCR. Concentration of Il-6, IL-10, IgM and IgG2 was determined by the ELISA method in blood plasma. Immunostimulation had a significant impact on the level of genes expression for TLR4 expression and IL-6 concentration. No effect of stimulation on IgM and IgG2 concentrations was found. The expression of TLR4 genes as well as the levels of interleukins could be modulated by stimulation with a pharmacological agent multi-component bacterial immunomodulator. The experiment demonstrated a strong positive correlation between TLR4 gene expression and IL-6 concentration and between TLR4 gene expression and IgM concentration.
The lower lip profile change during total distalization of the mandibular dentition
Authors: Chae Hwa Sung , Hong Christine
Published: February 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the lower lip profile during Class III lower total arch distalization camouflage treatment.
Materials and Methods

The cohort included 45 patients diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion. These patients underwent camouflage orthodontic treatment with lower arch total distalization. Lateral cephalograms at the pre-treatment stage and post-treatment stage were taken. Cephalometric measurements were analyzed to uncover the influencing factors of the lower lip profile. This study defined new variables; i.e., CK and CKA, for detailed soft tissue analysis.
Results

Novel soft tissue measurements presented in this study showed statistically significant changes after treatment. The CK angle and L1 to A Pog, L1 to NB, and IMPA were statistically correlated. Simple regression analysis was conducted between variables. The formulas were ΔCKA = 0.79(Δ L1 to NB) -1.6 and multiple regression resulted in ΔCKA = 0.5(Δ L1 to NB) – 0.42 (‘LL to Eline’, before treatment)
Conclusions

The present study provided evidence that the lower lip evaluation including the novel CKA and CKHA, were significantly related to the mandibular incisal position during total distalization of the mandibular dentition. The results demonstrated that, clinically, significant lip retraction can be obtained. Therefore, non-extraction with distalization must be suggested as the first treatment option in mild skeletal Class III malocclusion patients.
Klotho, much more than an anti-aging protein, an emerging exerkine: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Corrêa Hugo de Luca , Raab Artur Temizio Oppelt , Araújo Thamires Marra , Deus Lysleine Alves , Reis Andrea Lucena , Honorato Fernando Sousa , Rodrigues-Silva Paolo Lucas , Neves Rodrigo Vanerson Passos , Brunetta Henver Simionato , Mori Marcelo Alves Silva , Franco Octávio Luiz , Rosa Thiago Santos
Published: February 2022

Background: Klotho is an anti-aging protein with several therapeutic roles in the pathophysiology of different organs, such as the skeletal muscle and kidneys. Available evidence suggests that exercise increases Klotho levels, regardless of the condition or intervention, shedding some light on this anti-aging protein as an emergent and promising exerkine. Objective: Development of a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to verify the role of different exercise training protocols on the levels of circulating soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) protein. Data sources: A systematic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE through PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CT.gov, and PEDro. Eligibility criteria: Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that investigated effects of exercise training on S-Klotho levels. Results: We included 12 reports in the analysis, comprising 621 participants with age ranging from 30 to 65 years old. Klotho concentration increased significantly after chronic exercise training (minimum of 12 weeks) (Hedge’ g [95%CI] 1.3 [0.69 – 1.90]; P < 0.0001). Moreover, exercise training increases S-Klotho values regardless of the health condition of the individual or the exercise intervention, with the exception of combined aerobic + resistance training. Furthermore, protocol duration and volume seem to influence S-Klotho concentration, since the effect of the meta-analysis changes when subgrouping these variables. Conclusion: Altogether, circulating S-Klotho protein is altered after chronic exercise training and it might be considered an exerkine. However, this effect may be influenced by different training configurations, including protocol duration, volume, and intensity.
The regulation of autophagy by the MiR-199a-5p/p62 axis was a potential mechanism of small cell lung cancer cisplatin resistance
Authors: Li Tiezhi , Zhang Helin , Wang Zhichao , Gao Shaolin , Zhang Xu , Zhu Haiyong , Wang Na , Li Honglin
Published: February 2022

Background Autophagy has been found to be involved in the Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancers, but whether it is associated with resistance of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has not been studied. Here, we hypothesized that a potential autophagy-regulating miRNA, miR-199a-5p, regulated cisplatin-resistant SCLC. Methods We validated the MDR of H446/EP using CCK-8 and LDH. We tested the binding of miR-199a-5p to p62 using the Dual-Luciferase assay and validated the association of miR-199a-5p and p62 in SCLC samples. We overexpressed (OE) and knocked down (KD) miR-199a-5p in H446 and H446/EP and determined the expression of miR-199a-5p, autophagy-related proteins, and the formation of autophagolysosomes using QPCR, western blotting, and MDC staining respectively. These results were validated in an orthotopic H446 mouse model of SCLC. Results H446/EP was resistant to cisplatin, etoposide, paclitexal, epirubicin, irinotecan, and vinorelbine. Exposure of cisplatin at 5 μg/ml for 24 hours increased LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes in H446 cells, but not in H446/EP cells. The expression of miR-199a-5p was up-regulated in H446/EP compared to H446. MiR-199a-5p directly targeted the p62 gene. The expression of miR-199a-5p and p62 were correlated in SCLC samples. In H446 and H69PR, the OE of miR-199a-5p increased LC3II/LC3I, p62, and the formation of autophagolysosomes, but not ATG5, while the KD of miR-199a-5p decreased p62, but did not affect LC3II/LC3I, ATG5, and the formation of autophagolysosomes. In H446/EP, the OE of miR-199a-5p decreased p62 only. These results were generally consistent to results in the animal tumor samples. Conclusions The regulation of autophagy by the MiR-199a-5p/p62 axis was a potential mechanism of small cell lung cancer cisplatin resistance.
ANTIBACTERIAL INFLUENCE OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON MULTI-RESISTANT STRAINS OF K. PNEUMONIAE ISOLATED AT HOSPITALS
Authors: Holubnycha Viktoriia M. , Korniienko Viktoriia V. , Husak Yevheniia V. , Tverezovska Viktoriia О. , Ivakhniuk Tetiana V. , Varava Yuliia V. , Fedorenko Viktoriia О.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, and agriculture has led to the widespread rise of antibiotic resistance and strengthened nosocomial pathogenes' impact. Klebsiella pneumoniae became an increasing threat to public health. Nanomaterials are promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics in the fight against multi-resistant germs. Silver nanoparticles are well-known metallic nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity.
Our research aimed to evaluate the spreading of K. pneumonia resistant to antibiotics at hospital and assess the effectiveness of Ag NPs against multi-resistant clinical strains of K. pneumoniae.
Material and methods. K. pneumoniae strains were isolated and identified with the use of conventional bacteriological techniques. Susceptibility of the microorganisms was assessed to inhibitors of β-lactamases, carbapenems, macrolides, oxazolidinones, and other groups of antibiotics with use Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The capability of AgNPs to inhibit attachment and multiplication of the K. pneumoniae multi-resistant strains was tested with the use of serial microdilution method, resazurin assay, and SEM.
Results. K. pneumoniae was isolated from 13.7% of samples predominantly at the microbial association (97.5%). The microorganisms were resistant to five or more antibiotics in 73.2% of cases. AgNPs possess antimicrobial activity against tested strains at concentrations varied from 1.25 µg/ml to 2.5 µg/ml and kill all germs in 3 hours of incubation. AgNPs inhibited biofilm formation at initial stages and destroyed the mature (2 days) biofilm with Ag NPs treatment at concentrations 20-40 µg/ml. The effectiveness of mature K. pneumoniae biofilm treatment with AgNPs depended on biofilm age. The SEM images of the two-days biofilm reveal lysis of the bacterial cells after the cocultivation with Ag NPs but SEM analysis detected the maintaining of the three-dimensional structure in the case of a five-day biofilm after cocultivation with AgNPs.
Conclusions. The distribution of K. pneumonia among patients with laryngeal pathology and its sensitivity to eleven antibiotics were examined. There was revealed the high rate of K. pneumonia multi-resistant strains. Ag NPs have strong antibacterial and anti-biofilm potential against multi-resistant K. pneumoniae. Therefore, our results highlight that the Ag NPs have promising antimicrobial and anti-biofilm abilities against multi-resistant clinical strains of K. pneumoniae.
Improvement of the algorithm for diagnostics of postcholecystectomy syndrome taking into account functional and organic changes in the area of the large duodenal nipple
Authors: Veligotsky Nikolai , Aleksanian Karyna , Arutyunov Sergei , Gorbulitch Alexandr
Published: February 2022

The aim. Improving the algorithm for diagnosing patients with postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS), taking into account functional and organic changes in the major duodenal papilla (MDP).

Materials and methods. 208 patients with PCS were examined. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (CE) was performed in 172 patients in history, open CE was performed in 36 patients. 47 patients had obstructive jaundice, 84 had signs of biliary hypertension without an increase in bilirubin, 77 had no signs of biliary hypertension and an increase in bilirubin.

The following instrumental research methods were used: abdominal organs ultrasound examination (AO USE), duodenoscopy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), computed tomography (CT). In the main group, to study the morphofunctional changes in MDP, duodenoscopy with parietal impedancemetry, ultrasound of the hepatobiliary zone with a choleretic load were used.

Results. In the main group, 34 patients underwent ultrasound of the hepatobiliary zone and Vater's nipple area with a choleretic breakfast according to Boyden according to the method of Grigoriev P.Ya. in our modification, 21 patients had an expansion of the choledochus by 2 mm. At the same time, taking meverin led to a decrease in the diameter of the choledochus, which indicated functional changes in the MDP. In 13 patients, the expansion of the choledochus, observed when taking a choleretic breakfast, persisted with the use of antispasmodics, which indicated the presence of an organic pathology of MDP. Duodenoscopy with impedancemetry was performed in 41 patients: 20 patients had 760–820 Ohm, which indicated the presence of functional changes, 12 patients had inflammatory changes in the MDP and 703–760 Ohm were detected, 9 patients with cicatricial fibrous changes had indicators impedance measurement 640–703 Ohm. The use of ultrasound with a choleretic breakfast and duodenoscopy with parietal impedancemetry in patients of the main group made it possible to identify functional and organic (inflammatory, fibrous) changes in the MDP, which made it possible to develop a therapeutic algorithm using both conservative therapy and the use of various options for transpapillary endoscopic interventions.

Conclusions. Conducting an in-depth diagnosis of morpho-functional changes in MDP using parietal impedancemetry of MDP and ultrasound of the hepatobiliary zone with choleretic load allows us to identify both functional and morphological changes in MDP, which makes it possible to develop a therapeutic algorithm using drug therapy and transpapillary endoscopic techniques.
INVESTIGATING THE AESTHETIC EFFECT IN THE ARABIC TRANSLATIONS OF GIBRAN’S THE PROPHET
Authors:   Department of English, College of Arts, Thi-Qar University, Thi-Qar, St. 505, Iraq, al-Saidi Abdali H. , Khalaf Abed Shahooth ,   Department of English, College of Arts, University of Anbar, Anbar, Ramadi, P.O. Box 55431, Iraq
Published: February 2022

This study aims at investigating the extent to which the aesthetic effect (AE) in Gibran’s The Prophet has been maintained among Arab recipients in four translations of this masterpiece, namely Okasha (2000), Nuaimy (2013), Al-ābid (2017), and Antonius (2017). To this end, the source text (ST) AE laden segments and their target text (TT) counterparts are compared in terms of lexical selection, sentence structure, and metaphors employed. Data of the study comprised typical illustrative examples randomly selected for analysis according to Yan Fu’s (2012, cited in Zhang 2013) triple translation criteria of faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance in combination with Nida’s (1964) functional equivalence. Findings of the study revealed that the selected translations exhibit different levels of adequacy in terms of expressing the AE in the TT. Specifically, Okasha’s translation seems more creatively adequate in producing in the TT the approximate AE of the ST, whereas the other translations are sometimes less adequate or even inadequate in this respect.
SUICIDALITY: COLLEGE STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOURS IN MALAYSIA
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Troy University, Riverfront Campus 402-B, Phenix City, AL 36867, United States, Milligan Meg , See Hoon Peow ,   Chief Executive Officer Berjaya University College, Level 11 West, Berjaya Times Square, No 1 Jalan Imbi, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Beck Hall P. ,   Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, 215 Smith Wright Hall, 222 Joyce Lawrence LN, ASU Box 32108, Boone, NC 28608, United States, Crawford Sherrionda ,   Counseling, Rehabilitation, and Interpreter Training Division, Troy University, 368 Hawkins Hall, Troy, AL 36082, United States, Doss Kanessa Miller ,   Department of Psychology, Troy University, 231 Montgomery Street, Room 300, Montgomery, AL 36104, United States
Published: February 2022

The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies suicidality, the experience of suicidal thoughts or behaviour including attempts, as an ongoing global public health concern. The WHO estimated that more than 79% of suicides in 2016 occurred in low to middle income nations, with 60% of these occurring in Asia. Suicides are often underreported and misclassified as death by other causes. As a result, obtaining accurate information is difficult. This problem is exacerbated in developing countries facing limited budgets, legislative barriers, and social stigma. These realities place greater responsibility on researchers to collect and interpret data. This study addressed this issue in a sample of 176 college students in Malaysia. The Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), which examines individual attitudes and behaviour concerning suicide, was administered and demographic information was collected on gender, age, ethnicity, and religion. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 25). Results showed no significant gender effects, but there were significant differences across religions. This is discussed in terms of buffering effects and minority-majority status. This study increases knowledge about suicidality among college students in Malaysia, a high-risk group. Recommendations for prevention and intervention and future research are included.
“THE MARGINAL ENEMY”: THE IMAGE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF MALAYA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE THAI STATE, 1948–1989
Authors:   Department of History, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Inkum Thippaporn , Ho Hui Ling ,   Department of History, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: February 2022

The Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), also known colloquially among Thais as “the Chinese Communists” or “the Chinese Communist of Malaya,” was an anti-government paramilitary group that was active during the Cold War. In the context of the Cold War, successive Thai governments saw the CPM as an opposition group, but lesser in importance than the other threats it faced, such as the Communist Party of Thailand (CPT) and the separatist movements operating in the same area of operation as the CPM. At the same time, the CPM was the last communist group to disband (around 1989), despite the Thai government’s policy of amnesty, which began in 1981 under Order 66/23. This article argues that the Thai authorities viewed the CPM as a “marginal enemy” in terms of its geographical remoteness on the Thai-Malaysian border and security priority. As a result of this lower security priority, the Thai government approached the CPM as a threat that could be dealt with through negotiations and political means rather than military suppression. It was arguably this different perspective that led to the divergent strategies between the central governments of Thailand and Malaysia vis-à vis the CPM threat.