bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Initiation Index: A Clinician Rated Instrument for Improving Treatment in Schizophrenia
Authors: Ifteni Petru , Teodorescu Andreea
Published: April 2021

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric condition with devastating consequences for the individual's functionality and leading to severe disability. Lack of insight and non-adherence to treatment remain the most important factors in the progression of the disease to chronicity.Despite their proven effectiveness in preventing relapses, reducing morbidity and mortality, long acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are still underused. One of the causes invoked is the lack of guidelines or protocols for initiating LAIs.Objective: The aim of this article is to present Schizophrenia long-acting injectable antipsychotic initiation index (SLAII), a clinician-rated index that rates the important factors of the disorder across seven items: age, duration of illness, relapses, antipsychotic treatment response, family support, antipsychotic existing formulation and adherence.Method: A retrospective study in which all patients with schizophrenia discharged on oral antipsychotics without LAIs treatment lifetime were evaluated with SLAII for opportunity for LAIs initiation.Results: Of 225 consecutive patients, 144 patients (64%) had a strong indication for initiating LAI and 76 (34%) had moderate indication. 203 patients (90.2 %) had more than 2 relapses. The results of our research showed that 177 patients (78.7%) received at discharge an oral antipsychotic that also had a long-acting formula.Conclusion: This paper proposed an instrument designed to improve treatment in schizophrenia using a simple conceptual model which integrates important predictors of good or poor outcomes.
Design And Implementation of An Ultra-Low Power Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem Encoding Based Body Channel Communication For Medical Applications
Authors: Sankaran Vijayalakshmi , Alagumariappan Paramasivam , V Nagarajan , E Sankaran
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes the Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) encoding based Body Channel Communication (BCC) for medical applications by ultra-low power consumption. The transmitter uses channel of 1-100 MHz frequency to enhance the transmitter frequency and time domain properties. The BCH based BCC transmitter uses two stage low power analog processing circuit and digital information restoration circuit. The analog processing circuit consists of capacitor coupled adjustable preamplifier. In addition to that a body channel communication (BCC) transceiver with BCH codes modulation is proposed. In the BCC transceiver side, sensed data are encoded into BCH code format, and then the chosen BCH codes restrict the maximum consecutive identical digit (CID) to rise the data transmission rate. In the BCC receiver side, we use an analog front-end (AFE) circuit board to amplify the attenuated signal from the transmitter and restore the signal to the digital waveform. After the 8x oversampling sampler and vote integrator recovery the clock and data, the BCH code demodulator demodulates the original data. The proposed BCC transceiver has higher data reliability because of the orthogonal characteristic of BCH codes. Moreover, the proposed BCH code concatenated method strengthens the jitter tolerance and improve the code rate. The proposed BCC transceiver was verified on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board. The Proposed Data transceiver achieves data rate of 100 Mbps, Also, the BER value is < 10− 6 and < 10− 5 at 60 Mbps and 100 Mbps, respectively.
An Experimental Murine Model to Study Acquisition Dynamics of Tick-Borne Langat Virus in Ixodes Scapularis
Authors: Rajendran Kundave V. , Ahmed Waqas , Roozitalab Ashkan , Neelakanta Girish , Sultana Hameeda
Published: April 2021

Ixodes scapularis ticks acquire several pathogens from reservoir animals and transmit them to humans. Development of an animal model to study acquisition and transmission dynamics of these pathogens into and from ticks, respectively, is challenging due to the fact that in nature ticks feed for a longer duration and on multiple vertebrate hosts. To understand the complex nature of pathogen acquisition/transmission, it is essential to set up a successful tick blood feeding method on a suitable vertebrate host. In this study, we provide an evidence that murine model can be successfully used to study acquisition dynamics of Langat virus (LGTV), a member of tick-borne flaviviruses. Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with LGTV that showed detectable viral loads in murine blood, skin and other tissues including brain. Both larval and nymphal ticks that were allowed to feed on murine host successfully acquired LGTV loads. Also, we found that after molting LGTV was transstadially transmitted from larval to nymphal stage. In addition, we noted that, LGTV down-regulated IsSMase expression in all group of ticks possibly for its survival in its vector host. Taken together, we provide an evidence on the use of murine model to not only study acquisition dynamics of LGTV but also to study changes in tick gene expression during acquisition of arboviruses into ticks.
Value of Intrarenal Artery Resistive Index for Detecting Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Getaneh Ferehiwot Bekele , Mengistu Yewondwossen Tadesse , Knicely Daphne H.
Published: April 2021

Background: The typical pattern of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) which follows glomerular hyperfiltration progressing to persistent albuminuria associated with hypertension and declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has changed over the years. The aim of the study is to examine the potential role of Doppler ultrasound in early identification of DKD. Methods: A 137 patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Ethiopia participated in the study. We analyzed the correlation between resistive index (RI) of intrarenal arteries and clinical characteristics, eGFR and 24-hr urine. We evaluated the linear relationship of RI with multiple variables using multiple regression analysis. Sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating curve (ROC) were assessed.Results: Among the 137 participants, 48.9% were patients with type 1 DM and 51.1% with type 2 DM. Mean age ± SD was 42±15 years. The median 24-hr urine protein was 156 (IQR=149.5) mg/24hr. Mean eGFR was 104.26±17.25 (mL/min/1.73 m2). The mean RI was 0.7±0.06. The mean RI was significantly correlated with age and eGFR (r=0.64 & -0.56, P<0.001 respectively). Our multiple regression model relating mean RI to age, eGFR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), duration of diabetes and body mass index (BMI) was significant (overall F-test P-value<0.001). The AUC of the ROC curve of mean RI to identify a low eGFR was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.6 to 1). Sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 53% was calculated respectively.Conclusion: A significant linear relationship has been observed between RI and eGFR. This indicates RI values can determine the level of renal function loss with high accuracy.
The Fatty Degeneration of the Lumbar Erector Spinae Muscles Affects Dynamic Spinal Compensation Ability During Gait in Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Miura Kousei , Kadone Hideki , Asada Tomoyuki , Koda Masao , Funayama Toru , Takahashi Hiroshi , Noguchi Hiroshi , Mataki Kentaro , Shibao Yosuke , Sato Kosuke , Eto Fumihiko , Kono Mamoru , Suzuki Kenji , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to investigate whether fat infiltration in lumbar back muscles assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be related to dynamic sagittal spino-pelvic balance during gait in adult spinal deformity (ASD). This is a retrospective analysis of 28 patients with ASD. The fat infiltration rate of lumbar erector spinae muscles and multifidus muscles was measured by T2 weighted axial MRI at L1-2 and L4-5. Dynamic sagittal spinal and pelvic angles during gait were evaluated using 3D motion analysis. The correlation between fat infiltration rate of those muscles with variations in dynamic kinematic variables while walking and static radiological parameters was analyzed. Spinal kyphosis and pelvic anteversion significantly increased during gait. Fat infiltration rate of erector spinae muscles at L1-2 was positively correlated with thoracic kyphosis (r=0.392, p=0.039) and pelvic tilt (r=0.415, p=0.028). Increase of spinal kyphosis during walking was positively correlated with fat infiltration rate of erector spinae muscles both at L1-2 (r=0.394, p=0.038) and L4-5 (r=0.428, p=0.023). Qualitative evaluation of lumbar erector spinae muscles assessed by fat infiltration rate has the potential to reflect dynamic spino-pelvic balance during gait.
A New Approach to Establish Safe Levels of Available Metals in Soil With Respect to Potential Health Hazard of Human
Authors: Golui Debasis , Datta Siba Prasad , Dwivedi B.S. , Meena M.C. , Ray P. , Trivedi V.K.
Published: April 2021

Safe levels of extractable pollutant elements in soil have not been universally established. Prediction of metal solubility in polluted soils and the subsequent transfer of these metals from soil pore water to the human food supply via crops are required for effective risk assessment from polluted soils. Thus an attempt has been made to develop a novel approach to protect human health from exposure to toxic metals through assessing risk from metal polluted soils utilised for agriculture. In this study, we assess the relative efficacy of various forms of ‘free ion activity model’ (FIAM) for predicting the concentration of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in spinach and wheat as example crops, thereby providing an assessment of risk to human health from consumption of these crops. Free metal ion activity in soil solution was estimated using the Windermere Humic Aqueous Model VII (WHAM-VII) and the Baker soil test. Approximately 91, 81, 75, 94 and 70% of the variability in Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn and Cu content, respectively, of spinach could be described by a FIAM using an estimate of the free ion activity of the metals provided by WHAM-VII. Higher prediction coefficients were obtained using EDTA, rather than DTPA, as the metal extractant in an integrated solubility-FIAM model. Out of three formulations, the FIAM, based on free ion activity of metals in soil pore water, determined from solution extracted with Rhizon samplers, was distinctly superior to the other formulations in predicting metal uptake by spinach and wheat. A safe level of extractable metal in soil was prescribed using a hazard quotient derived from predicted plant metal content and estimated dietary intake of wheat and spinach by a human population.
Dynamic Evolution Law and Width Determination of Section Coal Pillars in Deep Mining Height Working Face
Authors: Zhaoyuan Lei , Feng Cui , Jianwei Liu , Xingping Lai , Ruiqiang Yi
Published: April 2021

The coal column undergoes three types of force evolution from the formation to the end of mining. This paper takes large mining height working face at No.2 Coal Mine as example to study the ways to avoid dynamic instability of the coal column triggered by the deep mining. By means of geological survey, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and field verification, the load processes under the three stress stage are proposed, and the evolution law of the coal column is analyzed. The study shows that the depth, large mining height working face, coal pillar force and size altogether determine the damage characteristics of the coal pillar. With the combination of Flac3D and 3DEC, it can be analyzed that the plastic failure and displacement characteristics of the 35m coal column under the action of secondary dynamic load coincide. The perturbation stress distribution is stable, which finally determines the reasonable width of the 35m coal column. Field measurements show that the top and gang of the 35m coal column undergo three kinds of displacement characteristics. The lower part is more stable. The top plate of the upper and lower corner completely collapsed in the emptying area, which can play a good supporting role.
Fractal Analysis of Root Architecture Responses of Saussurea Salsa to Different Habitats in Sugan Lake Wetland on the Northern Margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Qun , Zhao Cheng-Zhang , Jun Wen , Kang Manping , Li Xiaoya
Published: April 2021

Aims

The fractal structure is an important root architecture characteristic, which can reflect the plasticity mechanism and carbon consumption characteristics of root architecture in heterogeneous habitats. However, there are few studies on the root architecture of inland salt marsh plants from the perspective of fractal geometry.
Methods

This study according to the difference of the habitat conditions, setting plot I (the near water area, distance from the lakeshore, 50–200 m), plot II (the middle water area, distance from the lakeshore, 300–500 m), plot III (the distance water area, distance from the lakeshore, 600–800 m) 3 test sample. The Saussurea salsa as the research object, the root geometric morphology traits and the root fractal structure of Saussurea salsa in the Sugan Lake wetland was studied in response to heterogeneous habitats.
Results

The results showed that there was a highly significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between FD and FA of Saussurea salsa at plot I and plot III, meanwhile, there appeared a less significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between FD and FA at plot II.
Conclusions

With the habitat changed from plot I to plot III, the Saussurea salsa tended to form an “intensive” root architecture with high fractal dimension (FD) and low fractal abundance (FA) in plot I. “Diffusive” root architecture with low FD and high FA tended to form in plot III. The root of Saussurea salsa had less branch and more inclined to increasing the soil volume of root expansion in the far water area.
Modeling and optimization of 2-Chlorophenol degradation using ultrasound assisted Fe3O4@TiO2: Central Composite Design-Genetic Algorithm approach
Authors: Azari Ali , Dobaradaran Sina , Raeesi Mohammad , Hashemi Seyed Yaser , Delatte Marylou , Baziar Mansour , Dashti Saeid
Published: April 2021

In this study, the ultrasound-catalyst hybrid system was applied for degradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) from aquatic environment. The produced catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray scattering, vibration magnetometer and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis, showing the successful synthesize of the core-shell structure of magnetic TiO2. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied in MATLAB software to investigate the effective parameters in degradation and evaluate the removal of 2-CP by M-TiO2-US system. Kinetics, intermediate products and catalyst reusability were determined under optimal conditions. The results indicated that pH of 4.413, catalyst dosage of 0.733 g/L, 2-CP concentration of 2.549 mg/L, ultrasound power of 55.605 W/L had the maximum degradation efficiency (97.776 %) and pH was assigned as the most effective parameter for the degradation of 2-CP. Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were considered as the main cause of 2-CP degradation. Catalyst stability was investigated in 5 replicates and verified. The overall results show that the M-TiO2 and US hybrid system has promising performance in the degradation of 2-chlorophenol and has the ability to use on a larger scale.
Exploring the Highway Icing Risk: Considering the Dynamic Dependence of Icing-Inducing Factors
Authors: Liu Qiang , Tang Aiping , Wang Zhongyue , Zhao Buyue
Published: April 2021

In terms of the dynamic dependence between icing-inducing factors, this study is to explore the risk distribution of highways when icing events occur in the study area. A joint distribution considering the dynamic correlation of inducing factors was first constructed employing the Copula theory, which then yielded the possibility of icing events. Meanwhile, hazard zones and intensities of icing were proposed under different exceeding probabilities. After finishing the vulnerability analysis of highways, the risk matrix was used to conduct the icing risk for the highway, which was then applied to the construction of the risk zoning map. The results showed that there was an upper-tail dependence between extreme precipitation and temperature in the study area in winter, which could be well captured by the Gumbel Copula function. Indeed, the constructed joint distribution can express the possibility of icing under different intensities of precipitation and temperature. Besides, the highway with the tallest vulnerability in the study area was the Hegang-Yichun line. The case application showed that during March 2020, the traffic lines with a high icing risk were distributed around Fujin, Jiamusi, Hegang, and Qitaihe cities, and the Hegang section of the Hegang-Yichun line was at the highest icing risk. The low-risk lines were concentrated in the western part of the study area. This study is of great significance for the prevention and control of ice-snow disasters on the highway in cold regions.
Formation of GeO 2 under Graphene on Ge(001)/Si(001) Substrates by Water Vapor
Authors: Ciepielewski Pawel , Caban Piotr. A. , Dumiszewska Ewa , Jozwik Iwona , Baranowski Jacek. M.
Published: April 2021

Water vapor penetrates through defects in graphene layers grown on Ge(001)/Si(001) substrates and oxidization of germanium forming GeO2 is described. The presence of trigonal GeO2 underneath of graphene has been identified by Raman measurements. It has been found that formation of blisters of GeO2 under graphene leads to dramatic increase of intensity of graphene Raman spectrum. The increase is the most likely due to screening of graphene by GeO2 from nano-faced Ge(001) surface.
Relative differential equations from water treatment Leukocytes with self-operating computer
Authors: Nonomura Yuusuke
Published: April 2021

Conventional differentiation has many problems, they are no-smoothness, singularity, and non-simultaneous. The origin of those problems is:1. Since the differentiation value of conventional differentiation has the infinitesimal real number (include the problem of direction), simultaneous equations are impossible (rotation, vibration, and instability). Moreover, it generates singularity. 2. The problem concerning the existence of minus, There is no apple of a minus piece. A minus piece (a minus time and a minus space) does not exist in the macro world, although it is able to exist in the world of the uncertainty principle. Therefore, don't use the number of minuses absolutely. It is defined as an absolute arithmetic. Relatively, the number of minuses should be used. It is defined as a relative arithmetic (operation). In this study, relative differential equation (RDE) by Zai Pair which element-ized Nature World solves those problems. Concretely, RDE is able to obtain smoothness by Str Zai, obtain the solution from the singularity by Zai Pair, obtain Kyoku without the infinitesimal real number by Zai Pair and obtain independent from the conventional absolute coordinate system. Moreover, the RDE has self-operating computing, the RDE self-operating computer (SOC) is not model, and the RDE SOC is solution itself and the graph itself. In an example, inflammation itself is RDE SOC itself.
The Link Between Organizational Agility And VUCA – An Agile Assessment Model
Authors: Bundtzen Henning , Hinrichs Gerriet
Published: April 2021

This paper summarizes the elements of agility listed in contemporary scientific literature and aligns them to the four different forces described by the acronym VUCA. There is a general consensus that organizational resilience and agility are crucial elements to gain sustainable competitive advantage especially since the arresting economic changes during the pandemic year 2020. There is little agreement though how precisely organizational agility responds to volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA). By systemization of frameworks and models from the literary sources the aim is to create a combined model. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model that can practically be employed to evaluate the agile status quo of an organization. It should support practitioners to distinguish between the different requirements each part of the VUCA acronym requires. The design of this study is a conceptual paper which proposes a new corporate agility model with direct linkages to the requirements of VUCA forces. It derives from, and builds on, existing scientific literature while integrating a comprehensive set of existing agile frameworks. The result of this research is a model which defines distinct enablers, sensing capabilities, agile practices, and responses as answers to VUCA forces. It highlights that certain elements reinforce and link to each other to transform an entire organization agile. Surprisingly, leadership and strategy are not incorporated as elements but rather seen as conditions that subordinate the iterative learning approach of this model. Originality is given as the created model provides a set of elements leaders can implement or use to assess organizational agility. Furthermore, it supports how to deal with strategy and leadership in the transitional process. Relevance is given as during the worlds COVID-19 crises the economic and governments changes in terms of volatility and uncertainty were especially challenging for organizations.
CUMHURBAŞKANLIĞI HÜKÜMET SİSTEMİNDEKİ BAKAN YARDIMCISI İLE ÖNCEKİ SİSTEMDEKİ BAKAN YARDIMCISI VE MÜSTEŞARIN KIYASLANMASI
Authors: BÖLÜKBAŞI Mustafa Oğuzhan
Published: April 2021

Devlet tüzel kişiliğinin ve Türk idari teşkilatının en önemli parçalarından bir tanesi bakanlıklardır. Bakanlıkların ayrı tüzel kişiliği bulunmasa da Devletin sunduğu temel kamu hizmetlerinin yurttaşlara ulaştırılması konusunda görevleri bulunmaktadır. Bu görevi yerine getirirken kalabalık bir personel gücünden faydalanılmaktadır. Bakanlık içinde geniş bir hiyerarşik kademelenme bulunmaktadır. Bu kademelenmede en üstte bakan yer almaktadır. Eski sistemde bakandan sonraki hiyerarşik kademede müsteşara yeni sistemde ise bakan yardımcısına yer verilmiştir. Müsteşar, hiyerarşik kademeleri kariyer ve liyakat ilkeleri çerçevesinde yükselerek gelmiş en yüksek devlet memuruydu. Haklarında 657 sayılı Devlet Memurları Kanunu uygulanmaktaydı. Müsteşarlık görevine bir kişi atanabiliyordu. Yeni sistemde ise bakan yardımcısının birden fazla atanabilmesi öngörülmüştür. Bakan yardımcıları hakkında 657 sayılı Kanunun istisnai memurluğa ilişkin hükümleri uygulansa da aynı zamanda 3 sayılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesinde üst düzey kamu yöneticisi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bakan yardımcıları arasında hangisinin hiyerarşik olarak daha üstte olduğuyla ilgili bir düzenlemeye yer verilmemiştir. Eski sistemde ise müsteşar bir kişiden oluşmakta ondan sonra hiyerarşik olarak müsteşar yardımcıları bulunmaktaydı. Ayrıca yeni sistemdeki bakan yardımcıları, kamu görevlileri arasından atanabileceği gibi kamu görevlileri dışından da atanabilmektedir.
Материалы итоговой конференции молодых ученых МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова, 2013 год
Authors: Леонов С. Д. , Агибалов Д. Ю. , Астахов Д. А. , Чугунов В. С. , Лытасова Е. С. , Эльдерханов М. М. , Переведенцева А. М. , Осипова Е. К. , Смольский А. О. , Ким Г. Г. , Курганов И. А. , Мамиствалов М. Ш. , Агафонов О. А. , Меркурьева Ю. А. , Щербачев В. В. , Белоглазова А. М.
Published: April 2021

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Хронический тонзиллит: разные взгляды на старую проблему
Authors: Каспранская Г. Р. , Лопатин А. С.
Published: April 2021

Согласно общепринятому в российской литературе определению, хронический тонзиллит (ХТ) — это общее инфекционное заболевание с локализацией хронического очага инфекции в небных миндалинах и периодическими обострениями в виде ангин (В.Т. Пальчун, А.И. Крюков, 2001).
To the Issue of Basic and Auxiliary Unilateral Transactions in Housing Law
Authors:   Irkutsk Institute (Branch), All-Russian State University of Justice, Semenova E.V.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the classification of unilateral transactions in civil law into main and auxiliary ones. The author gives the examples of transactions that can be attributed to each of these groups, and critically evaluates the position on the characterization of the main transactions as a set of auxiliary transactions that are interconnected with each other and are made sequentially. The article analyzes the definitions of the concept «auxiliary contract» available in the legal literature, as well as the types of such transactions in civil law. The study of the classification issue allowed to carry out its application to unilateral transactions. Special attention is paid to the problem of the ambiguous position of regulatory transactions in the analyzed classification, which leads to a confusion of concepts in the doctrine and in judicial practice. As a result of the consideration of the transactions classification into mandatory and regulatory transactions, the author justifies the position that regulatory transactions cannot be unambiguously attributed to the basic or auxiliary transactions, gives the examples of unilateral transactions in housing law, determines their place in the analyzed classification, and concludes on the significance of the considered classification for housing law and civil science in general.
MULTİPL SKLEROZDA EKSENTRİK VE KONSENTRİK EGZERSİZ EĞİTİMİNİN HEMODİNAMİK YANITLAR, FONKSİYONEL KAPASİTE VE YORGUNLUK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: KATIRCI KIRMACI Zekiye İpek , FIRAT Tüzün , SAĞLAM Melda , NEYAL Abdurrahman , NEYAL Ayşe , ERGUN Nevin
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Çalışmada, Multipl Skleroz (MS) hastalarında eksentrik ve konsentrik egzersiz eğitiminin (EEE ve KEE), hemodinamik yanıtlar, fonksiyonel kapasite ve yorgunluk üzerine etkilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.Yöntem: Çalışmaya 22 MS hastası dahil edildi. Hastalar rastgele olarak koşubandında EEE (-% 10 eğimle yokuş aşağı yürüme) ve KEE (+% 10 eğimle yokuş yukarı yürüme) gruplarına ayrıldı. Eğitim, sekiz hafta süre ile 2 gün/hafta ve 30 dakika/gün olarak uygulandı. Her eğitim seansı öncesi ve sonrası oksijen saturasyonu ve hemodinamik yanıtlar ölçüldü ve “double-product” değerleri hesaplandı. Modifiye Borg Skalası (MBS) ile algılanan yorgunluk şiddeti değerlendirildi. Eğitim öncesi ve sonrasında fonksiyonel kapasite altı dakika yürüme testi (6DYT) ile, yorgunluk ise, Yorgunluk Şiddet (YŞÖ) ve Yorgunluk Etki Ölçeği (YEÖ) ile değerlendirildi.Sonuçlar: EEE grubunda kalp hızı 5., 9., 12., 13. ve 16. seans, sistolik kan basıncı 7. ve 13. seans, diastolik kan basıncı 2., 5., 6., 11., 12. ve 13. seans, “double product” değeri 5., 7., 9., 11., 12., 13., 15., ve 16. seans, oksijen saturasyonu fark değeri 6., ve 8. seanslarda anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu (p<0,05). MBS puanı, EEE grubunda 13. seansta anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (p<0,05). Her iki grupta tedavi sonrasında, 6DYT mesafesinde artış, YŞÖ ve YEÖ’de ise, anlamlı azalma olduğu görüldü (p<0,05). Gruplar arasında eğitim sonrası, 6DYT mesafesi, YŞÖ ve YEÖ değerleri birbirine benzerdi (p>0,05).Tartışma: MS hastalarında EEE düşük hemodinamik yanıtlar, enerji harcama düzeyleri ve daha az yorgunluk oluşturması açısından avantajlı bir egzersiz türü olabilir. Cinsiyet dağılımının homojen olduğu, ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
FİZYOTERAPİST-HASTA İLETİŞİMİNİN İNCELENMESİ: NİTEL ÇALIŞMA
Authors: YILLI Sercan , SÖĞÜT Bensu , KALMAZ Serkan , ALTAY Faruk , GÜNDÜZ Sualp , ARSLAN Damla , SEZİK Ebru Gül , TURGUT Elif
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Hastaların temel endişelerinin ortaya konması, hasta gündeminin belirlenmesi olarak tanımlanır. Hasta gündeminin alınması, hasta merkezli ve kişiselleştirilmiş rehabilitasyon programının planlanması için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, fizyoterapistlerin kas-iskelet sistemi problemi olan hastalarda gündem alma sıklığını, kesilen cevapların oranını ve zamanlamasını belirlemek ve fizyoterapist - hasta iletişim özelliklerini tanımlamaktı.Yöntem: Araştırma üç basamaklı sistematik metin analizinin gerçekleştirildiği nitel bir çalışmaydı. Birinci aşamada kriterlere uygun yedi fizyoterapist ve 137 hasta dahil edildi. İkinci aşamada, kapalı ve açık uçlu soruların sorulduğu ilk görüşmede fizyoterapist ve hasta görüşmesi kayıt altına alındı. Üçüncü aşamada ise, ses kayıtlarından tematik analiz yapıldı. Hasta gündemini alma, söylemi kesintiye uğratma varlığı ve gündem söylemini tamamlama süresi analiz edildi.Sonuçlar: Çalışmaya dahil edilen fizyoterapistler tüm klinik kayıtların % 76,60’ında hastaların gündemini ortaya çıkardılar. Fizyoterapistlerin hastaların temel endişelerini ortaya çıkardığı busöylemlerde ortalama 14,60. saniyede (minimum 1 saniye, maksimum 120 saniye) fizyoterapist görüşmeyi kesintiye uğrattı. Hastaların endişelerini dile getirdiği ve söylemi kesintisiz olandurumlarda ise, hastalar ortalama 47,70±35,70 saniye içerisinde gündemini belirtti.Tartışma: Kas-iskelet sistemi rehabilitasyonunda fizyoterapistler hastanın gündemini yüksek oranda ortaya çıkarmış ancak hastanın söylemini kesintiye uğratmıştır. Sonuç olarak, hastanıngündemini ortaya çıkarmada meydana gelen problemler, kişiye özel rehabilitasyon kapsamında hastanın ihtiyaçlarının değerlendirilmesini ve programının kişiselleştirilmesini engelleyebilir.
THE IMPACT OF NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN ON POSTURAL CONTROL, BALANCE, FALL, MOBILITY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: ÖZSOY Gülşah , İLÇİN Nursen
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Studies investigating the effects of non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) on elderly individuals are limited in the literature. The study aimed to compare postural control, balance, physical activity and related factors in elderly individuals with and without the NSLBP.Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional. A total of 67 elderly individuals (NSLBP group n=33 and control group n=34) were included in the study. Patients' pain intensity and disability levels were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), respectively. Postural control and fall risk were measured using the Biodex Balance System. Participants' balance performance, mobility, fear of falling and physical activity levels were evaluated using functional reach test (FRT), timed up and go test (TUG), Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short Form, respectively.Results: While there was a significant difference between the two groups in all parameters of static postural stability test (p<0.05), no difference was found in dynamic postural stability, modified clinical sensory integration test, and fall risk index (p>0.05). The FES-I score (p=0.003) and the TUG time (p=0.001) were significantly higher in the NSLBP group than in the control group. The FRT distance (p=0.001) and the IPAQ score (p=0.029) were significantly lower in the NSLBP group than in the control group.Conclusion: This study suggests that static postural control, balance, mobility, and physical activity are impaired in elderly individuals with NSLBP. Clinicians should take into account these disadvantages in planning rehabilitation programs in elderly individuals with the NSLBP.
Conventional Attack vs Digital Attack in the Light of International Law
Authors: Bobrowski Krzysztof
Published: April 2021

International law does not currently possess adequate instruments to define aggression in cyberspace, as well as to identify and punish perpetrators. The classical definition of aggression is inadequate to the reality of cyberspace, in the area of legal doctrine and practice, the international law is not adjusted to the contemporary digital reality and the destinations in which the digital reality is heading. The current definition of aggression reflects past conflicts. Conventional aggression is related to the attack on the physical elements of a state (related to the territory). Whereas, a digital attack may, but does not have to, have a direct relation to the territory of the state. The nature of cyberspace varies from other spaces. The a-territorial character of cyberspace influences the assortment of difficulties in the international legal issues regarding cyberspace. Cyberspace is not an additional or a marginal field of the operations of units, organisations andthe state, but an area to which the entire sphere of operations is transferring. The war of the future will take place to a large extent in cyberspace.
Climate Change and the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 28 July 1951
Authors: Osóbka Przemysław
Published: April 2021

The article deals with The United Nations Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Geneva, 28.7.1951 in the context of climate change consequences. Refuge is strictly defined category in the acts of international law. It does not include environmental and climatic reasons to leave one’s country of origin. However, in 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) drew attention to the fact that human migration could be one of the greatest effects of climate change. The author also analyzes the meaning of the provisions of Article 3 and Article 8 ECHR in the discussed area. The article tries to give an answer to the question whether and why it is necessary to apply the Geneva Convention to climate change refugees if they can be protected under core human rights treaties. It is of greatest interest to the extent where if refers to the climate change refugees situation in New Zeeland and Australia. These states seem to be pioneers in giving refugees protection due to climate change consequences. Probably adaptation of the 1951 Convention to the challenges facing the international community in connection with climate change will in itself become an expression of its responsibility for the consequences of these changes and their impact on individuals and entire communities.
Development and Validation of a Model to Identify Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Syndromes in Administrative Data
Authors: Gallini Adeline , Jegou David , Lapeyre-Mestre Maryse , Couret Anaïs , Bourrel Robert , Ousset Pierre-Jean , Fabre D , Andrieu Sandrine , Gardette Virginie
Published: April 2021

Background:

Administrative data are used in the field of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related
Syndromes (ADRS), however their performance to identify ADRS is unknown.

Objective:

i) To develop and validate a model to identify ADRS prevalent cases in French administrative
data (SNDS), ii) to identify factors associated with false negatives.

Methods:

Retrospective cohort of subjects ≥ 65 years, living in South-Western France, who attended
a memory clinic between April and December 2013. Gold standard for ADRS diagnosis was the
memory clinic specialized diagnosis. Memory clinics’ data were matched to administrative data
(drug reimbursements, diagnoses during hospitalizations, registration with costly chronic conditions).
Prediction models were developed for 1-year and 3-year periods of administrative data using
multivariable logistic regression models. Overall model performance, discrimination, and calibration
were estimated and corrected for optimism by resampling. Youden index was used to define
ADRS positivity and to estimate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative probabilities.
Factors associated with false negatives were identified using multivariable logistic regressions.

Results:

3360 subjects were studied, 52% diagnosed with ADRS by memory clinics. Prediction
model based on age, all-cause hospitalization, registration with ADRS as a chronic condition, number
of anti-dementia drugs, mention of ADRS during hospitalizations had good discriminative performance
(c-statistic: 0.814, sensitivity: 76.0%, specificity: 74.2% for 2013 data). 419 false negatives
(24.0%) were younger, had more often ADRS types other than Alzheimer’s disease, moderate
forms of ADRS, recent diagnosis, and suffered from other comorbidities than true positives.

Conclusion:

Administrative data presented acceptable performance for detecting ADRS. External
validation studies should be encouraged.
Islamic Extremism
Authors: Mustafa Rizwan
Published: April 2021

On November 25, 2020, Dr. Rizwan Mustafa presented Islamic Extremism at the 2020 CASIS West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question and answer period with other speakers. The key points of discussion focused on why understanding the Muslim worldview is important in understanding terrorism, the concept of Jihad and terrorism, and the faith proposition of the Qur’an.
'Subjecive Cameras': Authorship, Form, and Interpretation of Mass Observation Life Writings
Authors: Ashplant T.G.
Published: April 2021

The Mass Observation Archive contains a wealth of different forms of life writing created between 1937 and the mid-1950s, and again from 1981 to the present. This life writing, by contributors with differing intentions and levels of commitment, is fragmentary, dispersed across the archive, and takes varied forms. To make full use of the richness of this writing, it is necessary to know who the authors were, how their texts were generated, what forms of life writing resulted, and how they may be interpreted. This contextualising overview first outlines the specific and distinctive forms of life writing which MO initiated and encouraged; the social profile of their authors, and their self-perceptions of their identities; the writers' motivations; and their relationship to the Archive. It then explores some of the ways in which scholars have used and interpreted this rich material, both as a resource for investigating specific topics, and as a collection of life writings open to comparative analysis as narratives of self-construction and records of biographical trajectories.
Woven Tapestries: Dialogues and Dilemmas in Editing a Diary
Authors: Sheridan Dorothy
Published: April 2021

Naomi Mitchison (1897-1999) was an established novelist and political campaigner throughout her life. During the Second World War, she kept an extensive daily diary from her home on the Mull of Kintyre in Scotland which she sent in instalments to the London offices of the social research organisation, Mass Observation. Until the 1980s, this diary, together with 500 other diaries for the same period, remained largely unread. It was stored as part of the valuable Mass Observation Archive which was deposited at the University of Sussex in 1970. Between 1982 and 1984 it was edited for publication by Dorothy Sheridan, the Mass Observation archivist, in collaboration with Naomi Mitchison herself. It was first published as a book in 1985 by Gollancz as Among you taking notes: the wartime diary of Naomi Mitchison 1939-1945. This article is an account of the collaborative process of editing the original diary for publication and addresses questions of ownership, ethics and methodology raised by the process of editing life documents.
MO Diaries and Their Editors
Authors: Malcolmson Robert , Malcolmson Patricia
Published: April 2021

In August 1939, MO asked its volunteer Observers 'to begin keeping day-to-day personal diaries of everything that happened to them, the conversations they heard and took part in, their general routine of life, and the impact of the war on it’. More than 450 individual diarists wrote for MO during the war. Each diarist had to work out their own way of ‘observing’, and to create a comfortable authorial voice expressing their very varied personal concerns and experiences. Common themes included: outbreak of war; evacuation of children; the blackout; the call-up for compulsory service; and what was thought of as ‘morale’. The diaries show keen minds struggling hard to make sense of the unfolding war news, striving to understand the deeper currents of history and future possibilities in international affairs. Other themes concerned the home front: the wartime difficulties around food and transport; attitudes to class, and the arrival of American troops; and the hopes and fears for post-war reconstruction. This article reflects on its authors' considerable experience of selecting and preparing MO diaries for publication. Editors play a prominent role in the presentation of modern life history. This involves technical and/or literary judgments (about the length and quality of texts, the provision of supplementary material), in relation to the requirements of particular publishing formats (commercial or scholarly). It also involves ethical questions. MO diaries, once submitted, could not be revised; their authors were promised anonymity. Hence publication often requires the consent of the diarists (though few are still alive) or their heirs; and measures are sometimes required to protect the identities of people mentioned.
Seven Late Twentieth-Century Lives: the Mass Observation Project and Life Writing
Authors: Hinton James
Published: April 2021

From its revival in 1981, the Mass Observation Project has collected life writing. In response to open ended questionnaires (‘directives’), MO correspondents send in what often amount to fragments of autobiography. While this material has been explored by researchers ‘horizontally’, to discuss attitudes and behaviour in relation to the themes raised by particular directives, my book Seven Lives from Mass Observation is the first attempt to use the material ‘vertically’, assembling the fragments of autobiography contributed by some individual writers who continued to respond over two or three decades. In an earlier book, Nine Wartime Lives, I used MO's original wartime diaries (and directive responses) to write biographical essays exploring a set of common themes, derived from the mature historiography of the period, from the contrasting perspectives of nine very different observers who had all participated as active citizens in public life. This article describes the very different challenges and insights posed by the use of the more recent MOP material. The longer time frame, and less developed historiography, demanded toleration of initial confusion in the research process before the key theme of a contrast between the 1960s and 1980s emerged. The reflective narrative of MOP's autobiographical fragments (different from the immediacy of the MO wartime diaries) shaped the sample chosen: a single older generational cohort, born between the two world wars, responding to the 1960s and the 1980s as adults formed by earlier experiences. Writing intimate biographies of living people, guaranteed anonymity when they first volunteered for MOP, required developing a set of ethical protocols in conjunction with the MO Trustees.
Potential of Wastewater Valorization after Wet Extraction of Proteins from Faba Bean and Pea Flours
Authors:   Research Group on Microbiology and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Food Science and Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Spain, Albolafio Sofía , Gil María I. ,   Research Group on Microbiology and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Food Science and Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Spain, Allende Ana ,   Research Group on Microbiology and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Food Science and Technology Department, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, E-30100 Espinardo, Spain, Xanthakis Epameinondas ,   RISE-Research Institutes of Sweden, Unit of Agrifood & Bioscience, Frans Perssons Väg 6, 41276, Gothenburg, Sweden
Published: April 2021

The present study aimed to characterize wastewater fractions obtained after the wet extraction of proteins from legumes. In addition, the suitability of wastewater fractions for the potential recovery of high value-added compounds was also examined, and consequently, the prevention of the environmental impact of these wastes was explored. Similar to the industrial production of proteins, wet alkaline and acidic extractions of proteins from faba bean and pea flours were performed in two stages of extraction. The different wastewater fractions were characterized by measuring their organic matter content, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and turbidity. The value-added compounds from these wastewater fractions were quantified, which included the protein content, carbohydrate content, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. In addition, the phenolic compounds in these factions were identified and quantified. It was observed that the fractions obtained in the first extraction stage had 60%–90% higher organic matter content, measured as the chemical oxygen demand (COD), compared to the second fractions, indicating a higher environmental impact of the former in case of disposal. The results obtained for COD, TS, TDS, EC, pH, and turbidity demonstrated that microfiltration reduced only the turbidity (85%), and consequently, a decrease was observed in the particulate matter, while there was a practically negligible reduction in the soluble matter. Wastewater from faba exhibited the highest polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, and was, therefore, considered the most valuable fraction for potential valorization.
Youth and Provider Perspectives on Behavior-Tracking Mobile Apps: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Armstrong Courtney C , Odukoya Erica J , Sundaramurthy Keerthi , Darrow Sabrina M
Published: April 2021

Background

Mobile health apps stand as one possible means of improving evidence-based mental health interventions for youth. However, a better understanding of youth and provider perspectives is necessary to support widespread implementation.

Objective

The objective of this research was to explore both youth and provider perspectives on using mobile apps to enhance evidence-based clinical care, with an emphasis on gathering perspectives on behavior-tracking apps.

Methods

Inductive qualitative analysis was conducted on data obtained from semistructured interviews held with 10 youths who received psychotherapy and 12 mental health care providers who conducted therapy with youths aged 13-26 years. Interviews were independently coded by multiple coders and consensus meetings were held to establish reliability.

Results

During the interviews, the youths and providers broadly agreed on the benefits of behavior tracking and believed that tracking via app could be more enjoyable and accessible. Providers and youths also shared similar concerns that negative emotions and user burden could limit app usage. Participants also suggested potential app features that, if implemented, would help meet the clinical needs of providers and support long-term use among youth. Such features included having a pleasant user interface, reminders for clients, and graphical output of data to clients and providers.

Conclusions

Youths and providers explained that the integration of mobile health into psychotherapy has the potential to make treatment, particularly behavior tracking, easy and more accessible. However, both groups had concerns about the increased burden that could be placed on the clients and providers.