bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bronze to Iron Age transition at Kilise Tepe
Authors: Hansen C. K. , Postgate J. N.
Published: January 2007

The mound of Kilise Tepe, formerly known as Maltepe, stands above the left bank of the Göksu near where the river leaves the Mut basin to plunge between cliffs down to the coast at Silifke about 45km to the southeast. It thus dominates one of the best-known routes from the Mediterranean to the central Anatolian plateau. Excavation at the site began in 1994, and confirmed the presence here of Late Bronze Age occupation, already deduced from collections of surface sherds by Mellaart and French, but also revealed Iron Age, Hellenistic and Byzantine layers. The present article addresses rather specifically the ceramic evidence for the end of the Bronze Age and subsequent Iron Age occupation, with particular emphasis on the chronological framework and certain wares in these levels not previously described.
Water mills in the area of Sagalassos: a disappearing ancient technology
Authors: Donners K. , Waelkens M. , Deckers J.
Published: January 2007

As water mills are quickly disappearing throughout Turkey, it is becoming very difficult to collect information about this type of ancient technology. By means of an ethno-archaeological study carried out in the territory of ancient Sagalassos (Pisidia), the very limited remains of 15 water mills were recorded. Following the recent introduction of electric mills, water mills have lost their previous importance and today some of the mill houses are used as stables or shelters. Interviews with local people provided some information about the capacity of the mills and about the kind of grain that was ground in them. All the mills under discussion belong to the ‘ordinary’ horizontal-wheeled type of water mill. This type may have originated in or near Turkey during the Hellenistic period. A literary and archaeological study concerning the various types of mills showed that the type found near Sagalassos was best suited to local circumstances. Tax records confirm the presence of water mills in the area during early Ottoman times.
Pisidia Survey Project: Melli 2000
Authors: Vandeput Lutgarde , Köse Veli
Published: January 2007

The third survey campaign of the Pisidia Survey Project at Melli took place in September 2000. Work on the remains of the small, semi-circular theatre completed the study of the monumental city centre and allowed the suggestion of a roughly Severan construction date. In addition, the remains of the early Christian period in the ancient city and in its north necropolis area were recorded, proving that older pagan buildings were partially re-used to build them and that several basilicas had a number of construction phases. A continuation of the study of the remains in the domestic areas of the city allowed a reconstruction of their organisation and showed that richer and poorer houses occupied the same quarters. Finally, work on the monumental temple tombs in the north necropolis was also completed. In general, it has become clear that the city flourished from the Hellenistic period throughout Roman times and into the early Christian period.
Avoiding predators at night: antipredator strategies in red‐tailed sportive lemurs (Lepilemur ruficaudatus)
Authors: Fichtel Claudia
Published: January 2007

Although about one‐third of all primate species are nocturnal, their antipredator behavior has rarely been studied directly. Crypsis and a solitary lifestyle have traditionally been considered to be the main adaptive antipredator strategies of nocturnal primates. However, a number of recent studies have revealed that nocturnal primates are not as cryptic and solitary as previously suggested. Thus, the antipredator strategies available for diurnal primates that rely on early detection and warning of approaching predators may also be available to nocturnal species. In order to shed additional light on the antipredator strategies of nocturnal primates, I studied pair‐living red‐tailed sportive lemurs (Lepilemur ruficaudatus) in Western Madagascar. In an experimental field study I exposed adult sportive lemurs that lived in pairs and had offspring to playbacks of vocalizations of their main aerial and terrestrial predators, as well as to their own mobbing calls (barks) given in response to disturbances at their tree holes. I documented the subjects' immediate behavioral responses, including alarm calls, during the first minute following a playback. The sportive lemurs did not give alarm calls in response to predator call playbacks or to playbacks with barks. Other behavioral responses, such as gaze and escape directions, corresponded to the hunting strategies of the two classes of predators, suggesting that the corresponding vocalizations were correctly categorized. In response to barks, they scanned the ground and fled. Because barks do not indicate any specific threats, they are presumably general alarm calls. Thus, sportive lemurs do not rely on early warning of acoustically simulated predators; rather, they show adaptive escape strategies and use general alarm calls that are primarily directed toward the predator but may also serve to warn kin and pair‐partners. Am. J. Primatol. 69:611–624, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal development of noradrenergic terminals in the rat trigeminal motor nucleus: A light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical analysis
Authors: Min Ming‐Yuan , Hsu Pei‐Cheng , Lu Hsin‐Wei , Lin Chia‐Jin , Yang Hsiu‐Wen
Published: January 2007

The noradrenergic (NA) innervation in the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vmot) of postnatal and adult rats was examined by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using antibodies against dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase or tyrosine hydroxylase. NA fibers were identified in the Vmot as early as the day of birth (postnatal day 0; P0). A continuous increase in the density of labeled fibers was observed during development up to P20, with a slight decrease at P30 and in the adult. Electron microscopic analysis of serial ultrathin sections revealed that, at P5, nearly half (46%) of the examined NA terminals made synaptic contact with other neuronal elements with membrane specializations. The percentage of examined NA varicosities engaged in synaptic contacts increased at P15 (74%), then decreased in the adult (64%). At all developmental ages, the majority of contacts made by these boutons were symmetrical, the postsynaptic elements being mainly dendrites and occasionally somata. Interestingly, some of the NA terminals made axo‐axon contacts with other unidentified boutons. These results show that, although the density of NA fibers increases during postnatal development, functional NA boutons are present in the Vmot at early postnatal ages. Some of these fibers might exert their effects via nonsynaptic release of noradrenaline, the so‐called volume transmission, but, in the main, they form conventional synaptic contacts with dendrites, somata, and other axonal terminals in the Vmot. These results are consistent with previous electrophysiological studies that propose an important role for the NA system in modulating mastication. Anat Rec, 290:96–107, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glial influence on nerve fiber formation from rat ventral mesencephalic organotypic tissue cultures
Authors: Berglöf Elisabet , Bjerkén Sara Af , Strömberg Ingrid
Published: January 2007

Rat fetal ventral mesencephalic organotypic cultures have demonstrated two morphologically different dopamine nerve fiber growth patterns, in which the initial nerve fibers are formed in the absence of astrocytes and the second wave is guided by astrocytes. In this study, the presence of subpopulations of dopamine neurons, other neuronal populations, and glial cells was determined. We used “roller‐drum” organotypic cultures, and the results revealed that β‐tubulin‐positive/tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐negative nerve fibers were present as early as 1 day in vitro (DIV). A similar growth pattern produced by TH‐positive neurons was present from 2 DIV. These neurites grew to reach distances over 4 mm and over time appeared to be degenerating. Thin, vimentin‐positive processes were found among these nerve fibers. As the first growth was retracted, a second outgrowth was initiated and formed on migrating astrocytes. TH‐ and aldehyde dehydrogenase‐1 (ALDH1)‐positive nerve fibers formed both the nonglia‐associated and the glia‐associated outgrowth. In cultures with membrane inserts, only the glia‐associated outgrowth was found. Vimentin‐positive cells preceded migration of NG2‐positive oligodendrocytes and Iba‐1‐positive microglia. Oligodendrocytes appeared not to be involved in guiding neuritic growth, but microglia was absent over areas dense with TH‐positive neurons. In conclusion, in “roller‐drum” cultures, nerve fibers are generally formed in two sequences. The early‐formed nerve fibers grow in the presence of thin, vimentin‐positive processes. The second nerve fiber outgrowth is formed on astroglia, with no correlation to the presence of oligodendrocytes or microglia. ALDH1‐positive nerve fibers, presumably derived from A9 dopamine neurons, participate in formation of both sequences of outgrowth. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:431–442, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shame and pride in anorexia nervosa: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Skårderud Finn
Published: January 2007

During the last decades, there has been a rising interest in the role of shame in psychiatric disorders.

Objective

To define shame and describe types and subtypes of shame and their relations to symptoms and meaning in anorexia nervosa. The study will also describe the possible role of pride, as a contrasting emotional and cognitive experience.

Method

Thirteen female patients (age 16–39 years) with anorexia nervosa were interviewed about their general understanding of the concept of shame, what they considered shameful in themselves, past and present, and in others and shame related to eating and body.

Results

Based on statements from the patients ‘globalised internal shame’, different subtypes of focal shame and different subtypes of pride are categorised. Shame is described both as cause and consequence in relation to symptoms in anorexia nervosa, hence a shame–shame cycle. A shame–pride cycle is also presented.

Discussion

The use of shame, as well as pride, as concepts in regard to anorexia nervosa may improve our understanding of the nature of this disorder, as well as being a guideline for therapists. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A new algorithm for reactive power management and pricing in an open access environment
Authors: Yousefi G. Reza , Seifi Hossein , Shirmohammadi Dariush
Published: January 2007

In deregulated electricity markets, reactive power is one of the ancillary services that is provided by the Independent System Operator (ISO). In this paper we propose a new algorithm to ‘tune’ reactive power resources with the objectives of minimizing active power losses and optimizing system voltage profile and stability. In our solution, we assume that reactive power resources are either owned by or are under long‐term contracts with the ISO. The optimization problem is solved as an Extended Multi‐objective Optimal Power Flow (EMOPF) problem using Lexico Graphic Method (LGM). Thereafter, using the concept of Fair Resource Allocation (FRA), the cost of reactive power is allocated to existing transactions. The application of the algorithm to a test system is also presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rose bengal staining in detection of oral precancerous and malignant lesions with colorimetric evaluation: A pilot study
Authors: Du Ge‐fei , Li Cheng‐zhang , Chen Han‐zheng , Chen Xin‐ming , Xiao Qun , Cao Zheng‐guo , Shang Shu‐huan , Cai Xia
Published: January 2007

Early detection of oral precancerous and malignant lesions is still a diagnostic challenge for most of clinicians, and ideal adjuncts for detection of these lesions are currently unavailable. Our preliminary study has indicated that rose bengal (RB) staining might have the potency as a diagnostic aid; however, its clinical significance and reliability in hospital‐based population are still not clear. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of RB staining in detection of oral precancerous and malignant lesions. RB staining was conducted in 132 patients, and staining results were determined by a 4‐graded shade guide, which had been quantitatively measured in the 1976 CIEL*a*b* space by instrumental colorimetry. Histological examination was performed in 128 of 132 patients after RB staining. The sensitivity and specificity to detect epithelial dysplasia (DP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma were 93.9 and 73.7%, respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3.570 and 0.082, respectively. Moreover, RB staining seemed promising to detect DP in oral leukoplakia, lichen planus and leukokeratosis. In this study, 5 of 6 DP or oral squamous cell carcinoma were identified by RB staining before histological examination. In conclusion, RB staining may be a valuable diagnostic test in detection of oral precancerous and malignant lesions. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of chromosome 10 aberrations in rat endometrial cancer—evidence for a tumor suppressor locus distal to Tp53
Authors: Nordlander Carola , Karlsson Sandra , Karlsson Åsa , Sjöling Åsa , Winnes Marta , Klinga‐Levan Karin , Behboudi Afrouz
Published: January 2007

We have recently shown in the BDII rat model of human endometrial adenocarcinoma (EAC), rat chromosome 10 (RNO10) is frequently involved in chromosomal aberrations. In the present study, we investigated the association between RNO10 deletions, allelic imbalance (AI) at RNO10q24 and Tp53 mutation in 27 rat EAC tumors. We detected chromosomal breakage accompanied by loss of proximal and/or gain of distal parts of RNO10 in approximately 2/3 of the tumors. This finding is suggestive of a tumor suppressor activity encoded from the proximal RNO10. Given the fact that Tp53 is located at RNO10q24‐q25, we then performed Tp53 mutation analysis. However, we could not find a strong correlation between AI/deletions at RNO10q24 and Tp53 mutation. Instead, the observed patterns for AI, chromosomal breaks and deletions suggest that major selection was directed against a region located close to, but distal of Tp53. In different human malignancies a similar situation of AI at chromosome band 17p13.3 (HSA17p13.3) unassociated with TP53 mutation has been observed. Although RNO10 is largely homologous to HSA17, the conservation with respect to gene order among them is not extensive. We utilized publicly available draft DNA sequences to study intrachromosomal rearrangement during the divergence between HSA17 and RNO10. By using reciprocal comparison of rat and human genome data, we could substantially narrow down the candidate tumor suppressor region in rat from 3 Mb to a chromosomal segment of about 0.5 Mb in size. These results provide scientific groundwork for identification of the putative tumor suppressor gene(s) at 17p13.3 in human tumors. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of hydroxyapatite coated titanium porous coatings on Ti‐6Al‐4V substrates by plasma sprayed method
Authors: Yang C. Y. , Chen C. R. , Chang E. , Lee T. M.
Published: January 2007

A porous metal coating applied to solid substrate implants has been shown, in vivo, to anchor implants by bone ingrowth. Calcium phosphate ceramics, in particular hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA], are bioactive ceramics, which are known to be biocompatible and osteoconductive, and these ceramics deposited on to porous‐coated devices may enhance bone ingrowth and implant fixation. In this study, bi‐feedstock of the titanium powder and composite (Na2CO3/HA) powder were simultaneously deposited on a Ti‐6Al‐4V substrate by a plasma sprayed method. At high temperature of plasma torch, the solid state of Na2CO3 would decompose to release CO2 gas and then eject the molten Ti powder to induce the interconnected pores in the coatings. After cleaning and soaking in deionized water, the residual Na2CO3 in the coating would dissolve to form the open pores, and the HA would exist at the surface of pores in the inner coatings. By varying the particle size of the composite powder, the porosity of porous coating could be varied from 25.0 to 34.0%, and the average pore size of the porous coating could be varied to range between 158.5 and 202.0 μm. Using a standard adhesive test (ASTM C‐633), the bonding strength of the coating is between 27.3 and 38.2 MPa. By SEM, the HA was observed at the surface of inner pore in the porous coating. These results suggest that the method exhibits the potential to manufacture the bioactive ceramics on to porous‐coated specimen to achieve bone ingrowth fixation for biomedical applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Antigen‐specific immune complexes in urine of patients with lymphatic filariasis
Authors: Dixit Vandana , Subhadra A.V. , Bisen P.S. , Harinath B.C. , Prasad G.B.K.S.
Published: January 2007

Lymphatic filarial subjects with disease manifestations exhibit significantly elevated levels of immune complexes (ICs) in their circulation. The objective of the study was to explore the possible excretion of filaria‐specific soluble ICs in urine of subjects with lymphatic filariasis. Paired urine (overnight) and serum samples were analyzed for complement activating filarial antigen containing immune complexes by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antigen‐specific ICs were detected in urine samples of 34% of subjects with filarial disease manifestations while the frequency of occurrence was low in microfilaremic subjects. The titer of urine ICs is significantly high in subjects with chronic filariasis as compared to microfilaria (mf) carriers. The occurrence of filaria‐specific ICs in urine and their passage through the filtering structures of the kidney is suggestive of the focal or diffuse damage in those subjects. Detection of ICs in urine may provide a noninvasive means of assessing the extent of renal damage in patients with lymphatic filariasis. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:46–48, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of hepatitis B virus quasispecies distribution in a Korean chronic patient based on the full genome sequences
Authors: Kim Hong , Jee Young‐Mi , Song Byung‐Cheol , Hyun Jin‐Won , Mun Ho‐Suk , Kim Hyun‐Ju , Oh Eun‐Ju , Yoon Jung‐Hwan , Kim Yoon‐Jun , Lee Hyo‐Suk , Hwang Eung‐Soo , Cha Chang‐Yong , Kook Yoon‐Hoh , Kim Bum‐Joon
Published: January 2007

Although Korea is a hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemic area, relatively few full‐length genome sequences are available. In particular, no comparative analysis has been performed on the full‐genome sequences of different HBV quasispecies from a single Korean patient. This report describes the full‐length sequences of five HBV clones (two clones with shorter PCR amplicons and three clones with longer amplicons). Large deletions, that is, 685‐bp, 487‐bp, and 144‐bp, that might interfere with the production of normal proteins were observed in four of five clones. Double mutations in the basal core promoter (BCP) region (T1762/A1764) were detected in two clones but no precore mutations (A1896) were detected in any of the five clones. These data support previous results that genotype C, in particular Korean clones of this genotype, is prone to mutations. Two independent mechanisms, namely, the deletions of long lengths and amino acid substitutions followed by BCP double mutations might contribute to the diversity of HBV quasispecies. Considering the importance of HBV quasispecies as HBV variant sources, the distribution of HBV quasispecies in mutation prone genotype C prevalent areas like Korea, should be monitored to improve the management of chronic HBV infections and to control HBV variants that arise due to the administration of vaccine or antiviral therapy. J. Med. Virol. 79:212–219, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of surface promoter mutations in hepatitis B surface antigen production and secretion in occult hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Sengupta Sonali , Rehman Shagufta , Durgapal Hemlata , Acharya Subrat Kumar , Panda Subrat Kumar
Published: January 2007

The production, secretion, and localization of surface proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the ratio of large to small surface protein S was studied in HepG2 cells transfected with the wild‐type and mutant pre‐S1 and pre‐S2/S promoters of HBV molecular clones 313.1 (GenBank accession no. AY161147) and 761.1 (GenBank accession no. AY161159) from two patients with occult HBV infection. Fusion constructs were made by in frame fusion of the wild‐type surface gene to the mutant pre‐S1 and pre‐S2/S promoters and wild‐type promoter so that the structural part of the small surface protein remains identical. HepG2 cells transfected transiently were used for analysis. HBV surface proteins production and secretion was determined by enzyme linked immuno assay (ELISA) and localization by immunofluorescence. Immunoprecipitation of the large, middle, and small surface protein was carried out in transient transfected and metabolically labeled cells to determine the ratio of the large to small surface protein. The results indicate that HepG2 cells transfected with mutant HBV promoters had reduced HBV surface proteins secretion compared to wild‐type HBV. HepG2 cells transfected with mutant HBV pre‐S1 and pre‐S2/S promoters showed cytoplasmic aggregation of HBV surface proteins compared to wild‐type HBV promoters, which showed diffuse cytoplasmic localization. In all cases, the HBV surface proteins localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The ratio between the large and small surface protein was 1.89 and 0.56 with mutant HBV 313.1 and 761.1 pre‐S1 and pre‐S2/S promoters, respectively, compared to 0.17 in wild‐type. Thus, the aggregation of surface proteins, altered ratio and secretion of surface proteins were possibly the causes of occult hepatitis B infection. J. Med. Virol. 79:220–228, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case of HHV‐8‐associated HIV‐negative primary effusion lymphoma in Moscow
Authors: Shirokov D. , Kadyrova E. , Anokhina M. , Kondratyeva T. , Gourtsevich V. , Tupitsyn N.
Published: January 2007

Primary effusion lymphoma is a rare tumor of B‐cell derivation which is associated with human herpes virus type 8 (HHV‐8) in 100% and with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in most of cases. The paper describes the first case in Russia of HIV− HHV‐8+ Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)+ primary effusion lymphoma in a male patient aged 56 years. The tumor was located in the pleural cavity. Interestingly, the patient was HIV‐negative while having a positive tumor HHV‐8 test. There are only 22 similar cases described worldwide. J. Med. Virol. 79:270–277, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The flexibility of the master negotiator
Authors: Lewicki Roy J. , Hiam Alexander
Published: January 2007

Negotiating to resolve conflicting objectives requires flexibility—the willingness and skill to change your approach to suit the situation at hand. The authors discuss five negotiating strategies and which to select based on the importance of the outcome and the relationship with the other person to you and your company. Adopting the best style— avoiding, accommodating, competing, collaborating, or compromising—for the situation may require overcoming your natural preference for one style as well as matching or mismatching the other person's preferred style. This article is reprinted from the authors' book, Mastering Business Negotiation: A Working Guide to Making Deals and Resolving Conflict (New York: Jossey‐Bass, 2006). Copyright © 2006 Roy J. Lewicki and Alexander Hiam.
The on‐demand virtual advisory team: A new consulting paradigm?
Authors: Steir Rob
Published: January 2007

In a Virtual Advisory Program, an executive handpicks a team of outside experts for unbiased input on a strategic decision facing the business. The lowcost service offers rapid, just‐in‐time access to people who have “been there, done that,” and lets the executive see them in action before embarking on a business relationship or full‐time hire. With the assistance of a talent integrator/moderator, the CEO of a high‐growth company tapped a VAP team with the right industry and functional experience to help him evaluate the pros and cons of entering a new market, and, in the process, overcame his aversion to using consultants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On Impulse Distortion in Dispersive Media
Authors: Boese Fritz G.
Published: January 2007

Pulse distortion is due to nonlinear wave number functions of the frequency. For the case of smooth nonlinear wave numbers, a sequence of approximations to the propagation operator which carries the incident pulse to the distorted output pulse is set forth. When applied to the actual incident pulse, they allow the study of the development of the distortion with (a) increasing travel length in the propagation medium and (b) also with respect to the properties of the propagation medium. Of special interest are Gaussian incident pulses for which the distorted pulse form is more concisely representable. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Linearizations of a class of elliptic boundary value problems
Authors: Behrndt Jussi
Published: January 2007

We construct linearizations for a class of second order elliptic eigenvalue dependent boundary value problems on smooth bounded domains with rational operator‐valued Nevanlinna functions in the boundary condition. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fusion modeling in plasma physics: Vlasov‐like systems
Authors: Fedorova Antonina N. , Zeitlin Michael G.
Published: January 2007

The methods developed by authors are applied to some reductions of BBGKY hierarchy, namely, various examples of Vlasovlike systems which are important both for fusion modeling and for particular physical problems related to plasma/beam physics. We mostly concentrate on phenomena of localization and pattern formation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Patterns in Wigner‐Weyl approach
Authors: Fedorova Antonina N. , Zeitlin Michael G.
Published: January 2007

We present a family of methods, which can describe behaviour of quantum ensembles and demonstrate the creation of nontrivial (meta) stable states (patterns), localized, chaotic, entangled or decoherent from basic localized modes in collective models arising from the quantum hierarchy of Wigner‐von Neumann‐Moyal equations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Harmonical analysis of the total ponderomotive force
Authors: Langemann Dirk
Published: January 2007

The total ponderomotive force which moves for example rainwater droplets on outdoor high‐voltage insulators [1, 2], is given as a series of inhomogeneity indicators of the undisturbed electric field in the case of a round conductive and uncharged test body. The series expansion enables us to approximate the total ponderomotive force at an arbitrary position with a single numerical solution of the boundary‐value problem for the undisturbed electric potential in absence of any droplet. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analytic Solution of Non‐Autonomous Linear ODE
Authors: Radnef Sorin
Published: January 2007

This paper state an analytic solution for non‐autonomous linear ODE of order n, expressed as a power series with analytic coefficients, determined by recurrence formulae. The result is compared with that for n = 1 and is applied for a particular ODE, of order n = 2, which has an explicit solution. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cash Recycling Systems: Prediction and Optimization
Authors: Günther Ute , Martin Alexander , Ritter Klaus , Wagner Tim
Published: January 2007

We predict the future turnovers of Cash Recycling System (CRS) by simple and efficient time series methods using the past data. Based on this prediction, we present an Mixed Integer Programming approach to find optimal replenishment schedules in reasonable running‐time. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Substructuring and SVD‐based model reduction
Authors: Blömeling Frank
Published: January 2007

The direct applicability of SVD‐based methods in model reduction of large LTI systems is very limited. As a remedy we present a reduction framework based on the combination of hierarchical substructuring and SVD‐based methods. The substructuring approach is similar to the AMLS algorithm that has been successfully applied in very large eigenvalue computations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An Ergodicity Result for Communication Networks
Authors: Shorten Robert , Wirth Fabian , Leith Douglas
Published: January 2007

In this paper we discuss a random matrix model describing the dynamic behaviour of a network of n AIMD flows that compete for shared bandwidth. We present an ergodicity result characterizing the long term average available bandwidth of each user. The result is applicable for communication networks using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Domain‐DecompositionMethods for Parabolic Problems in Multi‐ dimensions with error‐estimates
Authors: Geiser Jürgen
Published: January 2007

In this paper we consider parabolic equations with multi‐physical processes for applications in porous media. For the solver method we apply an overlapping Schwarz wave form relaxation method, see [1]. We describe the theory for a multidimensional convection‐diffusion‐reaction equations and present an error‐estimate for the domain‐decomposition‐method. The exactness and the efficiency of the methods are investigated through solutions of model problems of convection‐diffusion‐reaction equation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multidimensional Inverse Heat Conduction Calculations
Authors: Reinhardt Hans‐Jürgen , Frohne Jörg , Suttmeier Franz‐Theo , Hào Dinh Nho
Published: January 2007

Inverse Heat Conduction Problems (IHCPs) have been extensively studied over the last 50 years. They have numerous applications in many branches of science and technology. The problem consists in determining the temperature and heat flux at inaccessible parts of the boundary of a 2‐ or 3‐dimensional body from corresponding data – called ‘Cauchy data’ – from accessible parts of the boundary. It is well‐known that IHCPs are illposed which means that small perturbations in the data may cause large errors in the solution.

In this contribution we give a short overview over our contributions to multidimensional IHCP's and indicate what computational results for which sort of problems we have obtained. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An Extended FE Formulation for Elasto‐Plastic Materials
Authors: Rempler Uwe , Ehlers Wolfgang , Wieners Christian
Published: January 2007

We present an alternative method for the numerical simulation of elasto‐plastic material behaviour. For this extended Finite Element (FE) formulation the history variables, which provide the information of plastic deformations from the previous timesteps, are represented as FE functions. This results in additional degrees of freedom (DOF), and the radial return of the standard formulation is replaced by a fully coupled Newton method for the extended system. Numerical studies, using viscoplastic regularization within a geometrically linear approach prove comparative results and an advantage in calculation time for the extended FE formulation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a spline collocation method for a singularly perturbed problem
Authors: Surla Katarina , Uzelac Zorica , Teofanov Ljiljana
Published: January 2007

We consider a singularly perturbed boundary value problem with two small parameters. The problem is numerically treated by a quadratic spline collocation method. The suitable choice of collocation points provides the inverse monotonicity enabling utilization of barrier function method in the error analysis. Numerical results give justification of the proposed method. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MPC for the Burgers Equation Based on an LQG Design
Authors: Görner Sabine , Benner Peter
Published: January 2007

We consider optimal control problems for semilinear parabolic PDEs where process and measurement noise can occur. We discuss the solution of such problems by using a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy. For the resulting sub‐problems we will use a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) design. Thus we will discuss the efficient implementation of the LQG approach since it is the major computational part in the MPC scheme for this class of optimal control problems. We will present some numerical results for the Burgers equation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Results on an optimality system in radiative transfer
Authors: Herty Michael
Published: January 2007

Optimal control problems for the radiative transfer equation are introduced and formulated. We recall necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for a tracking–type optimization problem using the full radiative transfer equations. We present an optimization algorithms and examples on source inversion problems using the introduced optimality conditions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlinear control of a variable displacement axial piston pump
Authors: Fuchshumer Franz , Kugi Andreas
Published: January 2007

In this contribution a mathematical model of a variable displacement axial piston pump controlled by a solenoid valve is derived. For the purpose of a controller design the mathematical model is simplified using singular perturbation arguments. The goal of the controller design is to track prescribed trajectories in the load pressure for arbitrary unknown load conditions. The control concept being proposed comprises a feedforward controller and a nonlinear backstepping controller combined with a load estimator for the trajectory error system. The feasibility of this control concept is shown by means of measurements on a test‐stand. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling, simulation and control a hydraulic servo system
Authors: Hancu Olimpiu , Maties Vistrian , Balan Radu
Published: January 2007

Hydraulic actuators are widely used in industrial applications due to several advantages like large force and torque, high power to weight ratio, rapid and accurate response. In this paper a nonlinear model of a hydraulic servo system is developed by means of the associated differential equations and then simulated using Matlab techniques. The model describes the behavior of a servo system FESTO TP511 with MOOG‐DDV633 servovalve and includes the nonlinearities of friction forces, valve dynamics, oil compressibility and load influence. The nonlinear model is used to design an optimal controller based on estimated state parameters through simulation. A digital control platform based on Atmel ATmega8535 microcontroller is used to compare the behavior of hydraulic system under PD and optimal control. The control platform was designed like an interface between PC and process: the control algorithm runs on PC and the digital platform assures amplifying, filtering and data communication functions. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed model and control method. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Integrated Motional Measurement for a Flexible Structure
Authors: Örtel Thorsten , Wagner Jörg F.
Published: January 2007

Integrated navigation systems based on gyros and accelerometers are well established devices for vehicle guidance. The system design is traditionally based on the assumption that the vehicle is a rigid body. However, generalizing such integrated systems to flexible structures is possible. The example of the motion of a simple beam being considered here is meant to be a first approach to obtain sophisticated motional measurements of a wing of a large airplane during flight.

The principle of integrated navigation systems consists of combining different measuring methods by using their specific advantages. Gyros and accelerometers are used to obtain reliable signals within a short period of time. On the other hand, aiding sensors like radar units and strain gauges are used because of their long‐term accuracy. The kernel of the integrated system consists, however, of an extended Kalman filter that estimates the motion state of the structure. Besides the sensor signals, the basis for the filter is an additional kinematical model of the structure. By means of a model reduction, a kinematical model of the beam was developed.

Based on simulation the paper presents this approach, the appropriate sensor set, and first estimated motion results. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An optimal control problem in image processing
Authors: Bredies Kristian , Lorenz Dirk A. , Maass Peter
Published: January 2007

As a starting point, we present a control problem in mammographic image processing which leads to non‐standard penalty terms and involves a degenerate parabolic PDE which has to be controlled in the coefficients. We then discuss the classical conditional gradient method from constrained optimization and propose a generalization for non‐convex functionals which covers the conditional gradient method as well as the recently proposed iterative shrinkage method of Daubechies, Defrise and De Mol for the solution of linear inverse problems with sparsity promoting penalty terms. We prove that this new algorithm converges. This also gives a deeper understanding of the iterative shrinkage method. Further, we show an application to the above‐mentioned control problem in image processing. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical simulation of stationary fluid flows in rivers with islands
Authors: Shokina Nina
Published: January 2007

The algorithm is presented for numerical solution of problems on stationary fluid flows with surface gravitational waves in multiply‐connected domains with complicated geometry using adaptive grids in the framework of plane shallow water model taking into account bottom irregularities, frictional force and Coriolis force. The stream function ‐ vorticity function statement in curvilinear coordinates is used. The alternating triangular iterative method is developed for solving the system of difference equations for the vorticity function. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laboratory experiments on vortices colliding with multiple islands
Authors: Tanabe Aya , Cenedese Claudia
Published: January 2007

Laboratory experiments have been performed to investigate the physical processes that govern the interaction of a self‐propagating barotropic cyclonic vortex with aligned circular cylinders. The motivation was to understand the dynamics which controls the interaction of North Brazil Current (NBC) rings with the Lesser Antilles (LA) in the Eastern Caribbean Sea. The geometrical parameter regulating the flow in the experiments was the ratio of the gap size to the diameter of the incident vortex, G /d. The range 0.03 ≤ G /d ≤ 0.4 was studied. Since the passages of the LA have values of 0.07 ≤ G /d ≤ 0.3 [2], the experimental results might explain recent oceanic observations [3]. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Natural fiber eco‐composites
Authors: Bogoeva‐Gaceva G. , Avella M. , Malinconico M. , Buzarovska A. , Grozdanov A. , Gentile G. , Errico M. E.
Published: January 2007

The natural fiber (NF) reinforced composites, so called eco‐composites, are subject of many scientific and research projects, as well as many commercial programs. The growing global environmental and social concern, high rate of depletion of petroleum resources, and new environmental regulations have forced the search for new composites and green materials, compatible with the environment. The aim of this article is to present a brief review of the most suitable and commonly used biodegradable polymer matrices and NF reinforcements in eco‐composites, as well as some of the already produced and commercialized NF eco‐composites. POLYM. COMPOS. 28:98–107, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of organo‐montmorillonite on the mechanical and morphological properties of epoxy/glass fiber composites
Authors: Norkhairunnisa Mazlan , Azhar Abu Bakar , Shyang Chow Wen
Published: January 2007

Epoxy composites filled with glass fiber and organo‐montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by the hand lay‐up method. The flexural properties of the epoxy/glass fiber/OMMT composites were characterized by a three‐point bending test. The flexural modulus and strength of epoxy/glass fiber were increased significantly in the presence of OMMT. The optimum loading of OMMT in the epoxy/glass fiber composites was attained at 3 wt%, where the improvement in flexural modulus and strength was approximately 66 and 95%, respectively. The fractured surface morphology of the epoxy/glass fiber/OMMT composites was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy. It was found that OMMT adheres on the epoxy/glass fiber interface, and this is also supported by evidence from energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Value of surrogate tests to predict exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in atopic childhood asthma
Authors: Lex Christiane , Dymek Sabine , Heying Ruth , Kovacevic Alexander , Kramm Christof M. , Schuster Antje
Published: January 2007

Exercise challenge tests are helpful in the diagnosis and management of childhood asthma, but methodology is complex and time‐consuming. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) can be predicted by the results of different surrogate tests in a pediatric population. Eighty‐five children (mean age: 11 years, range: 5–16 years) with atopic asthma were studied. Measurements of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), spirometry and whole body plethysmography were performed followed by a standardized exercise testing. Questionnaires were completed asking for respiratory symptoms within 2 weeks preceding the study protocol. In 12/85 children (14%), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was significantly reduced by ≥15% after exercise testing. eNO was significantly elevated in this group of 12 patients as compared to patients without EIB (51.3 (31.1–67.3) parts per billion (ppb) versus 20.2 (10.9–42.3) ppb; P = 0.003). All children with normal eNO levels (≤25 ppb) had normal lung function results after exercise; hence the negative predictive value (NPV) of elevated eNO levels for prediction of EIB was 100%. However, the positive predictive value (PPV) was only 28%. The NPV and PPV for reported asthma symptoms within 2 weeks preceding the study were 96% and 26%, respectively. Considering recent symptom history in addition to elevated eNO improved the PPV to 40%, and resulted in the best combination of sensitivity and specificity. No baseline lung function parameter predicted whether a patient would develop EIB or not. In conclusion, eNO measurements, symptom questionnaires and most efficiently a combination of both surrogate tests can be used as time‐saving methods to exclude EIB in atopic childhood asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:225–230. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbon‐film field‐emission cathodes in a compact orbitron‐type ionization vacuum sensor
Authors: Alexandrov S. Ye. , Arkhipov A. V. , Mishin M. V. , Sominski G. G.
Published: January 2007

A possibility to using large‐area field‐emission cathodes as electron sources in ionic vacuum sensors was investigated. In the specially developed electron‐optic scheme, electrons are extracted from a box‐shaped cathode by the field of two anode strings. For a large part of the cathode, trajectories of emitted electrons are infinite (in theory), thus high efficiency of gas ionization and overall gauge sensitivity can be achieved. Experimental testing of a sensor prototype has demonstrated general viability of the proposed principle. For a residual gas pressure of about 10−5 Torr and a cathode emission current 10 µA, the current of collected ions had value of about 1 nA. The achieved sensitivity is sufficient for some of the possible practical applications of the sensor and can be further improved by simple design corrections. Besides the direct goals of the experiments, they yielded additional information on the performance of carbon emitters in high‐voltage devices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precipitation reactions during the early stages of aging in a Ni and Al alloyed martensitic medium carbon steel
Authors: Erlach S. , Danoix F. , Leitner H. , Auger P. , Siller I. , Clemens H.
Published: January 2007

Steels in hot‐work applications are exposed to a complex combination of mechanical, thermal and creep loading conditions. Advanced hot‐work tool steels combine precipitation of alloy carbides and intermetallic phases and, therefore, exhibit a higher thermal stability than conventional tool steels.

The mechanical and thermophysical properties of a Fe‐0.32C‐6.5Ni‐2.5Al wt% martensitic tool steel are mainly determined by the combined precipitation of secondary hardening carbides and of intermetallic NiAl precipitates of B2‐type. This alloy shows a large and rapid hardening reaction upon aging for as short as 60 s at a temperature of 610 °C.

Atom probe field ion microscopy has been used to investigate both the composition and morphology of the fine precipitates and the matrix present after aging for 0, 30 and 60 s at 610 °C. In particular, chemical composition, particle radii and number density of the precipitates have been determined as a function of the aging time. The data obtained from these initial stages of the precipitation processes were analysed by means of statistical calculations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional atom probe analysis of chromium‐ and copper‐added nitriding steel
Authors: Takahashi J. , Kawasaki K. , Kawakami K. , Sugiyama M.
Published: January 2007

Detailed analysis of fine precipitates in a soft‐nitrided steel containing chromium and copper was performed using an energy‐compensated three‐dimensional atom probe (3DAP). A high number density of copper precipitates, chromium nitride precipitates and their pairs were observed in the diffusion layer of the nitrided steel. The size and density of these precipitates dominated the hardness increment due to nitriding. From the characteristic distribution and morphology of these precipitates in the depth direction, the following three stages of precipitation are proposed: In heat treatment for nitriding, copper precipitates are generated first. Chromium nitrides are then nucleated on the surface of the copper precipitates heterogeneously, and their pairs are formed. Finally, single chromium nitrides were homogeneously nucleated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive motion estimation schemes using maximum mutual information criterion
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wu Dapeng , Erdogmus Deniz , Fang Yuguang , He Zhihai
Published: January 2007

We consider the motion estimation problem in video coding. In our previous work, we proposed a new motion estimation method where motion estimation is formulated as an optimization problem and an adaptive system under the minimum error entropy (MEE) criterion is used for motion estimation. In this paper, we develop an adaptive system under the criterion of maximum mutual information to address the motion estimation problem. Our proposed motion estimation algorithms have very low encoding complexity and hence are ideally suited for wireless video sensor networks where limited bandwidth, restricted computational capability, and limited battery power supply impose stringent constraints on the video encoding system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.