bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Commercial realities of the proposed LNG import terminals on the east coast of Australia
Authors: Mumford Nicholas
Published: June 2019

Recent government intervention in the East Australian Gas Market (EAGM) may have temporarily settled short-term supply availability concerns; however, gas prices in the EAGM now inevitably trend with the spot LNG Netback Price. Notwithstanding, supply remains tight, due to lack of upstream investment from overhang of some state government policies restricting exploration and development, and the lack of investment stemming from the recent period of low oil prices. Save further government intervention to retrospectively reserve already contractually committed export supply from the three Queensland LNG export projects, there is no ‘quick fix’ solution to fully address market tightness in the short to medium term from indigenous sources of gas supply. The only real solution to ensure security of supply over a reasonable tenure is to import LNG into the EAGM. However, the clear commercial reality of gas supply sourced from an LNG import terminal is that it can only be supported by high gas prices, albeit also providing other market benefits such as peaking capacity and storage. Without a solution to the EAGM supply–demand issue, there will be demand destruction as industrial users and electricity power generators seek alternatives to gas supply or simply cease operations. Most indigenous gas supply alternatives to LNG imports stem from the northern states and may provide solutions over the longer term (e.g. Beetaloo Basin), but do not solve the immediate need for gas supply in the southern states by 2020/21. New supply from the north is in any event physically pipeline-constrained over this timeframe.
Renewed energy in Asia's upstream
Authors: Farruggio Gero , Dixon David
Published: June 2019

Upstream is enjoying a renewed optimism in pricing and project developments, and the growth outlook is positive. That said, current investment in upstream across Asia is less than half that of renewable projects, which accounted for over US $180 billion in 2018. Got your attention? It certainly has for national oil companies and regional oil and gas players as companies explore the opportunities presented by lowering solar and storage costs. In this paper we analyse capex trends and forecasts across both sectors in Australia and the region. Will this growth continue, who is set to gain and by how much? We explore the growing role of renewables in the oilfield service sector. Australia is not alone in experiencing a renewables boom; the trend continues across Asia, with government initiatives more often than not being the catalyst and the boom then fuelled by a seemingly endless supply of insatiable investors. Australia is experiencing a frenzy of activity; developers are rushing to grab land and be the first past the post on grid connection. What can we expect as the renewable energy target transitions to the national energy guarantee, to whatever comes next? We compare the corporate landscapes across the upstream and new energy sectors, and explore what is driving them closer each year as miners and upstream operators turn to solar, wind and storage to reduce operational expenditure and boost field economics. Adani has one of the largest solar pipelines in Australia; will Woodside follow suit? Finally, we compare returns for recently commissioned renewable and upstream projects.
How diversity can alleviate sharks and bandwagons in the gas sector
Authors: Spanjaard Joanna M. , McAlister-Smiley Sarah A.
Published: June 2019

A level-headed decision maker in a well-run gas business would appear to be a good candidate to navigate through change. But instinctive responses and overconfidence can lead to irrational decision making. During periods of greatest risk, at the moment rationality is needed most, the impulse to act irrationally kicks in. This paper explores how diversity can alleviate risks associated with ‘sharks’ and ‘bandwagons’ in the gas sector. It explores the Queensland gas sector and how diversity of thought can play a powerful role in reducing the impact of bias on identifying risk and making rational decisions. It also offers practical advice as to how the gas sector can improve diversity and metaphorically punch those sharks and halt those bandwagons.
The Bight Basin: a tale of three deltaic megasequences
Authors: Strømsøyen Ingine , Schomacker Edwin , Søderstrøm Bo , Waagan Bärbel M. T.
Published: June 2019

The Bight Basin developed during the Jurassic and Cretaceous in response to repeated periods of extension and thermal cooling leading up to, and following, the onset of seafloor spreading between present-day Australia and Antarctica. The bulk of the resulting sedimentary basin fill includes up to 15 km of Middle Jurassic–recent sediments comprising three deltaic megasequences: White Pointer, Tiger and Hammerhead. High quality seismic 3D data have enabled detailed mapping of the megasequences, evaluation of the nature of infill and assessment of implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity. The Cenomanian White Pointer Megasequence succeeds a period of widespread mudstone deposition in the basin. Growth fault and complex styles of deposition are a function of the high accumulation rates. The growth faulting gradually ceased towards the top of the megasequence allowing for the delta to advance into the basin. Renewed tectonic activity during accumulation of the Turonian–Santonian Tiger Megasequence led to formation of the Outer High trend in the basin. Basal transgressive mudstones during early Tiger deposition are succeeded by a set of progradational–retrogradational units. The base of the Santonian–Maastrichtian Hammerhead Megasequence records widespread subaerial erosion and formation of incised valleys depicting a distinct drop in relative sea level most likely in response to the start of the Australian and Antarctic breakup. This event is followed by a widespread regional flooding event, before the Hammerhead delta built out, first in a highly progradational and subsequently in a more aggradational style. At the end of the sequence, the delta steps back due to decreasing sediment input. Detailed seismic stratigraphic mapping has improved the understanding of the gross depositional environment developed throughout the three megasequences, and importantly also helped identification of the main reservoir fairways and their distribution through time.
Blockchain in oil and gas: a collaborative approach
Authors: Gallacher L. C. , Champion D.
Published: June 2019

Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger of data, vetted before acceptance, encrypted and shared among parties (depending on the configuration) authorised to view it. Due to the potential cost savings, revenue generation, efficiency gains and security; governments, organisations, companies and consortia across many industries are developing proofs of concept with two in oil and gas reportedly now in production. The value chain in the oil and gas industry is characterised by many remote working locations across different geographical regions; involving multiple stakeholders and regulators each with differing criteria to be met. Many opportunities for improvement across the oil and gas value chain have been identified and some are beginning to be addressed by proofs of concept and live blockchain platforms. However, these are being developed via discrete consortia and not as part of a cohesive industry strategy. Standards to promote understanding and adoption are being developed at the global, national and industry level, but this is an area currently lacking in the oil and gas industry. This paper highlights activity in other industries and suggests that the recently formed OOC Blockchain Consortia of Oil and Gas industry participants, if extended to statutory organisations, regulators, standards organisations and academia could be the forum required to accelerate understanding and adoption within the industry to release the currently untapped value.
Roma development drilling – evolution of well design and drilling performance
Authors: Sellars Andrew , Dedigama Thivanka , Zaman Mohammad
Published: June 2019

Santos’ Roma field, located in the Surat Basin, has been producing coal seam gas (CSG) since 1988; however, development drilling did not commence until 2011. Since this time, well design has evolved to maximise access to coals and operability for artificial lift systems. Concurrently, performance has dramatically improved through scale of sanctioned work programs and revised contracting strategies, enabling continuous and sustainable time and cost reductions. This paper reviews Santos’ development drilling activity in the Roma CSG field since 2011, highlighting critical events and step changes.
The following aspects are addressed:
• Evolution of well design: A series of well designs have been trialled, ranging from deviated to vertical, fracture stimulated to open-hole slotted liner well types. Collaboration with both Reservoir Engineering and Production Operations have been critical in arriving at a fit-for-purpose design.
• Effect of the industry downturn: The industry downturn spanning 2014–2016 presented an opportunity to reset and rationalise execution approach.
• Operating and contracting model: The updated model focused on utilising a consistent, fit-for-purpose rig fleet and service companies, supported by lean office and field based operations teams.
• Benefits of large scale, continuous work programs: The scale and continuity of operations are key to achieving continuous and sustainable time and cost reductions.
• Opportunities: Future opportunities have been identified for ongoing optimisation in a changing market.
From the Northern Territory to Western Australia: fracking, public policy and social licence
Authors: Tannock Margie
Published: June 2019

There are significant differences in the experiences of the Northern Territory (NT) and Western Australia (WA), as a consequence of the processes, outcomes and recommendations, and ultimately political climate surrounding the development of unconventional gas. In the period 2016–18 both the NT and WA underwent independent inquiries into the environmental impacts of onshore hydraulic fracture stimulation. Each process included review of scientific research papers, numerous community and stakeholder meetings around the State and Territory and extensive public seminars. Final reports were released by both inquiries in 2018. However, the recommendations arising from each report on the findings of the inquiries were materially different, as were the political responses and implementation of outcomes. This paper analyses the differences in the respective reports, and comments on the implementation and future of development in the respective jurisdictions.
A regulator's vision and perspectives on key environmental management challenges
Authors: Sim Cameron
Published: June 2019

Permission has not yet been received to publish this article.
Rigorous decommissioning decision making with strong stakeholder engagement using comparative assessment
Authors: Gordon Paul L. , Poot Edward H. , O'Connor Grace S.
Published: June 2019

Improving the robustness of decommissioning decision making will provide greater confidence in the decision and ensure stronger commitment to its execution. This can be achieved by putting some key principles into practice, including comparing a wide range of options against each other using a ‘decision model’ and actively engaging stakeholders in the decision process. Comparative assessment (CA) is a helpful approach to supporting robust decision making. Implementing CA through multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and decision conferencing is a powerful and proven way of putting such principles into practice. MCDA and decision conferencing involves ‘modelling’ the decision by articulating all outcomes (benefits, risks and costs – intangible and tangible) as a set of criteria and using a facilitated stakeholder group to evaluate options against one another. The group ‘scores’ options against the criteria, weights the criteria and then reviews the results, leading to a shared understanding of the issues and commitment to the way forward. CA has been widely used outside the oil and gas (O&G) sector for robust decision making; for example, the Royal New Zealand Airforce used CA to agree to the best solution for replacing their advanced pilot training capability. This led to clear, confident support for the preferred solution by the Treasury, and ultimately, cabinet ministers. CA is now starting to be used to support O&G decommissioning decisions, and one example is the use of CA by Shell and ExxonMobil to agree on the best course of action for decommissioning the storage cells of the Brent Delta platform.
Eliminating fatalities from the upstream oil and gas industry
Authors: Hawkes Chris
Published: June 2019

The International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) is a global forum in which member companies identify and share best practices to achieve improvements in areas such as health, safety, the environment, security, social responsibility and operations. IOGP members collectively produce 40% of the world’s oil and gas. IOGP has been collecting annual safety data from its members since 1985: this database has grown to be the largest in the oil and gas industry, representing 2999 million workhours and operations in 104 countries in 2017. Having this large database of information and standardised reporting allows trending and analysis on a scale that is not possible for any individual member company. This is particularly true for deriving trends for fatal, and major process safety events that individual companies may only see infrequently. In the 5 years leading up to 2015 there were 85 fatalities reported by IOGP members per year on average, but none of these incidents were ‘new’ and we recognise the causes of most of them. Started in 2016, after 2 consecutive years of an increase in the fatal accident rate, IOGP’s Project Safira aims to provide clear solutions to prevent fatalities due to process safety events, aviation incidents and motor vehicle crashes. A fourth project area is industry wide implementation of a single, common, standardised set of ‘Life-Saving Rules’. We want to make sure that never again shall we read of a fatal incident and feel like we have seen it before. We also want to learn together, as the global industry that we are, and eliminate fatalities from occurring.
Groundwater management – working with Queensland and EPBC regulation and processes
Authors: Barker James , Pandey Sanjeev , McKeay Jackie , Birch Kerynne , Paull Matthew
Published: June 2019

Onshore gas development projects are often referred for assessment under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), administered by the Commonwealth Department of the Environment and Energy (DOEE), and coal seam gas projects may require additional assessment under the ‘water trigger’ legislation. Queensland Government approval is also required and both governments’ approval processes can intersect. The two processes may have different scope and timeframes, and these are important considerations for proponents bringing forward new gas supply and project expansions. As co-regulators, the Queensland Government and DOEE routinely look for opportunities to better align regulatory practices and ensure they remain contemporary and fit for purpose. In this context, they are exploring opportunities to improve the administration of requirements for Queensland gas projects to enhance the ability of regulators to assess project approvals, ensure compliance, improve process efficiency, and maintain high environmental standards.
PESA Australian exploration review 2018
Authors: Lockhart D. , Spring D.
Published: June 2019

Available data for 2018 indicates that exploration activity is on the rise in Australia, compared to 2017, and this represents a second year of growth in exploration activity in Australia. There has been an increase in area under licence by 92 000 km2, reversing the downward trend in area under licence that commenced in 2014. Since 2016, exploratory drilling within Australia has seen a continued upward trend in both the number of wells drilled and the percentage of total worldwide. Onshore, 77 conventional exploration and appraisal wells were spudded during the year. Offshore, exploration and appraisal drilling matched that seen in 2017, with five new wells spudded: two in the Roebuck Basin, two in the Gippsland Basin and one in the North Carnarvon Basin. Almost 1500 km of 2D seismic and over 10 000 km2 of 3D seismic were acquired within Australia during 2018, accounting for 2.4% and 3.9% of global acquisition, respectively. This represents an increase in the amount of both 2D and 3D seismic acquired in Australia compared with 2017. Once the 2017 Offshore Petroleum Acreage Release was finalised, seven new offshore exploration permits were awarded as a result. A total of 12 bids were received for round one of the 2018 Offshore Petroleum Exploration Release, demonstrating an increase in momentum for offshore exploration in Australia. The permits are in Commonwealth waters off Western Australia, Victoria and the Ashmore and Cartier islands. In June 2018, the Queensland Government announced the release of 11 areas for petroleum exploration acreage in onshore Queensland, with tenders closing in February/March 2019; a further 11 areas will be released in early 2019. The acreage is a mix of coal seam gas and conventional oil and gas. Victoria released five areas in the offshore Otway Basin within State waters. In the Northern Territory, the moratorium on fracking was lifted in April, clearing the way for exploration to recommence in the 2019 dry season. With the increase in exploration has come an increase in success, with total reserves discovered within Australia during 2018 at just under 400 million barrels of oil equivalent, representing a significant increase from 2017. In 2018, onshore drilling resulted in 18 new discoveries, while offshore, two new discoveries were made. The most notable exploration success of 2018 was Dorado-1 drilled in March by Quadrant and Carnarvon Petroleum in the underexplored Bedout Sub-basin. Dorado is the largest oil discovery in Australia of 100 million barrels, or over, since 1996 and has the potential to reinvigorate exploration in the region.
Australian petroleum production and development 2018
Authors: Bethune Graeme
Published: June 2019

This Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia review looks in detail at the trends and highlights for oil and gas production and development both onshore and offshore Australia during 2018. Total petroleum production climbed strongly for the third consecutive year, driven by LNG. A highlight is the start-up of the INPEX Ichthys project. Production is set for further growth in 2019 with the ramp-up of this project and the start-up of Shell’s Prelude floating LNG project. Prelude and Ichthys are the last projects to be commissioned in a wave of seven new LNG projects that are making Australia the world’s largest LNG exporter and a crucial supplier of gas to Asia, including the largest source of LNG for Japan and China and the second-largest source for South Korea. By contrast, Australian oil production continued to fall rapidly and is now easily surpassed by rising condensate production from new LNG projects. There were stark contrasts between domestic gas on the west and east coasts. On the west coast, prices remain low and supply relatively plentiful. The east coast domestic market was tighter and LNG producers responded by diverting gas supplies to the domestic market. This paper canvasses these trends and makes conclusions about the condition of the oil and gas industry in Australia. This paper relies primarily on production and reserves data compiled by EnergyQuest and published in its EnergyQuarterly reports.
Lead Industry Address – Leveraging opportunities in a growing but competitive market
Authors: Lance Ryan
Published: June 2019

ConocoPhillips has a history of success in Australia, investing more than $20 billion since 2004 and creating 4000 ongoing jobs. We are a foundation shareholder and operator of Australia Pacific LNG, vital to the export and domestic markets; an owner and the operator of Darwin LNG; and are approaching a final investment decision on the Barossa offshore supply development project in early 2020.
Over the past decade our industry invested $200 billion into development here, making Australia the one of the world’s largest LNG exporters. These exports serve a global energy landscape that features growing demand for secure energy, but also an increasingly competitive supply market.
In order for Australian LNG projects to attract investment capital in today’s market, they must be competitive on costs and financial returns. Industry is striving toward this with ongoing technological and efficiency improvements. But we also need a stable fiscal environment and access to natural gas resources. We therefore look to government for leadership in ensuring contract sanctity, opening land for exploration and development and allowing the free market to incentivise new investment. All these actions together would help ensure adequate supplies for Australia’s domestic natural gas market and vital export industry.
Additionally, natural gas will be a vital part of the future energy mix in a lower-carbon world. Farsighted government policy can help assure Australia’s growing role in supplying the world with this abundant and affordable source of clean energy.
To view the video, click the link on the right.
APPEA Chair’s address
Authors: Yujnovich Zoe
Published: June 2019

There is not an abstract available for this presentation. To view the video, click the link on the right.
Riding the green wave: are oil and gas companies jumping on board?
Authors: Motyka Marlene
Published: June 2019

In many countries renewable energy was originally driven by utilities, independent power producers, government entities or a combination of these. Renewable energy was seen as being on the fringes and not viable long term. The perspective has changed and now increasingly new entrants have emerged, in particular oil and gas companies. Why is this the case? Is it because they are redefining what it means to be an energy company? It is because it supports diversification? Is it because renewable energy is seen as a growth opportunity? Is to check the 'green' box? We’ll investigate the reasons that new entrants are emerging and what it means for the sector.
To view the video, click the link on the right.
Esso Australia’s long-term contribution to the east coast gas market
Authors: Fay Nathan
Published: June 2019

This year marks the golden jubilee of Australia’s offshore petroleum industry after the first gas was produced from Bass Strait by Esso and BHP’s Gippsland Basin Joint Venture. For half a century our industry has been driven by technology – pioneering technical excellence and pushing the envelope in the pursuit of much needed oil and gas production.
Today, the landscape in East Australia is changing and gas is at the forefront of the discussion. Declines in East Australia’s historical conventional fields have seen gas supply tighten and prices rise. There is a strong need for additional affordable and reliable gas supply.
While continued improvements in technology remain a critically important enabler in developing Australia’s gas resources; global supply and demand, regulatory frameworks, and the commercial arrangements that underpin new developments are becoming more and more important.
ExxonMobil Australia’s new Chairman, Nathan Fay, has a wealth of experience working with gas markets around the world. He will explain why it is so important for policymakers to establishment a stable free market environment to encourage these long-term relationships.
To view the video, click the link on the right.
Unlocking the next wave of Australia’s natural gas resources
Authors: Gallagher Kevin
Published: June 2019

Australia has no shortage of natural gas resources. Unlocking the wealth of those resources for future generations of Australians is our challenge. On the east coast, manufacturers are crying out for more natural gas supply and support the development of the Narrabri Gas Project to meet their demand and support jobs. In the Northern Territory, we have worked with the government on a new regulatory regime for exploration to enable the drilling of exploration wells in the McArthur Basin – the largest and most promising shale gas opportunity in Australia. As we navigate the future, Santos can rely on a proud and productive past. For more than 60 years we have been caring for the unique environments and precious water resources of the Cooper Basin in Queensland and South Australia. Oil and natural gas from the Cooper Basin has been powering Australia for decades, with thousands of wells safely drilled. Santos has got production growing again in the Cooper, which has resources of almost 300 million barrels of oil equivalent. Preparing for a lower carbon future, the Cooper Basin is also where Santos is this year spending $50 million in projects to reduce our carbon footprint, including deployment of solar energy, waste heat recovery at Moomba and appraisal of carbon capture, utilisation and storage.
To view the video, click the link on the right.
Panel discussion: Navigating a cleaner energy future – how does the oil and gas industry survive and thrive?
Authors: Welton Paul , Finkel AO Alan , Hill Gardiner , Motyka Marlene , Herd Emma
Published: June 2019

There is not an abstract available for this discussion. To view the video, click the link on the right.
Assembly, Structure, and Properties of Six Coordination Polymers Based on 1,3,5-Tri-4-pyridyl-1,2-ethenylbenzene
Authors: Cao Chen , Gu Tian-Yi , Zhang Jian-Guo , Dai Ming , Ni Chun-Yan , Yao Zhi-Gang , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: June 2019

Six coordination polymers including [Cd(tpeb)X2]n (1: X=Br, 2: X=I), [Cu(tpeb)I]n (3), [Cd2I2(tpeb)2(1,4-bdc)]n (4), {[Co(tpeb)(dpa)]·MeCN}n (5), and {[Ni2(tpeb)3(oba)2]·solvent}n (6) were prepared from solvothermal reactions of 1,3,5-tri-4-pyridyl-1,2-ethenylbenzene (tpeb) with CdII, CuI, CoII, or NiII salts in the absence or presence of 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2bdc), 2,2′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H2dpa), and 4,4′-oxybisbenzoic acid (H2oba). Compounds 1–3 have 1D chain structures while 4 holds a 2D wave-like network. Compound 5 adopts a 3D (3,5)-connected net with a Schläfli symbol of 33.48.513.63.7 and 6 possesses a 3D 5-connected net with a Schläfli symbol of 42.65.7.82. Compound 2 as a representative photocatalyst shows efficient degradation of rhodamine B in water while 5 displays highly selective sensing of p-nitrophenol in water through fluorescence quenching.
High-fidelity amplified FISH for the detection and allelic discrimination of single mRNA molecules
Authors: Marras Salvatore A. E. , Bushkin Yuri , Tyagi Sanjay
Published: June 2019

Significance

Although it is now possible to visualize single RNA molecules within cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization, the resulting signals are rather faint. Here we describe a method that produces amplified signals from single RNA molecules, while minimizing false-positive signals. Our probes enable detection of sparsely expressed mRNAs, and they are so specific that related mutant and wild-type mRNAs, differing from each other by as little as a single-nucleotide variation, yield distinct in situ signals in 2 distinguishable colors. This technology will aid studies of gene expression phenomena, such as allelic imbalance, and will be useful for the identification of mRNAs harboring somatic mutations in cancer cells, facilitating targeted therapy.
A structure-based mechanism of cisplatin resistance mediated by glutathione transferase P1-1
Authors: De Luca Anastasia , Parker Lorien J. , Ang Wee Han , Rodolfo Carlo , Gabbarini Valentina , Hancock Nancy C. , Palone Francesca , Mazzetti Anna P. , Menin Laure , Morton Craig J. , Parker Michael W. , Lo Bello Mario , Dyson Paul J.
Published: June 2019

Cisplatin [
cis-
diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (
cis
-DDP)] is one of the most successful anticancer agents effective against a wide range of solid tumors. However, its use is restricted by side effects and/or by intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Here, we probed the role of glutathione transferase (GST) P1-1, an antiapoptotic protein often overexpressed in drug-resistant tumors, as a
cis
-DDP–binding protein. Our results show that
cis
-DDP is not a substrate for the glutathione (GSH) transferase activity of GST P1-1. Instead, GST P1-1 sequesters and inactivates cisplatin with the aid of 2 solvent-accessible cysteines, resulting in protein subunits cross-linking, while maintaining its GSH-conjugation activity. Furthermore, it is well known that GST P1-1 binding to the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibits JNK phosphorylation, which is required for downstream apoptosis signaling. Thus, in turn, GST P1-1 overexpression and Pt-induced subunit cross-linking could modulate JNK apoptotic signaling, further confirming the role of GST P1-1 as an antiapoptotic protein.
Rapid assembly and profiling of an anticoagulant sulfoprotein library
Authors: Watson Emma E. , Ripoll-Rozada Jorge , Lee Ashley C. , Wu Mike C. L. , Franck Charlotte , Pasch Tim , Premdjee Bhavesh , Sayers Jessica , Pinto Maria F. , Martins Pedro M. , Jackson Shaun P. , Pereira Pedro José Barbosa , Payne Richard J.
Published: June 2019

Significance

Cardiovascular disease represents a significant health challenge, with towering economic and social costs resulting from the high levels of associated morbidity and mortality. For conditions resulting from undesired blood clotting, treatment options remain limited and are accompanied by significant side effects. Using a rapid chemical ligation platform, 34 homogeneously modified variants of tick anticoagulant proteins were generated. Access to this synthetic protein library enabled key structure–activity relationships to be elucidated and revealed unexpected differences in the mechanism of thrombin inhibition by this group of otherwise closely related molecules. The synthetic platform reported here provides a unique means to expedite the generation and identification of polypeptide and protein therapeutic leads for clotting-associated diseases.
Species-specific mechanisms of cytotoxicity toward immune cells determine the successful outcome of
Vibrio
infections
Authors: Rubio Tristan , Oyanedel Daniel , Labreuche Yannick , Toulza Eve , Luo Xing , Bruto Maxime , Chaparro Cristian , Torres Marta , de Lorgeril Julien , Haffner Philippe , Vidal-Dupiol Jeremie , Lagorce Arnaud , Petton Bruno , Mitta Guillaume , Jacq Annick , Le Roux Frédérique , Charrière Guillaume M. , Destoumieux-Garzón Delphine
Published: June 2019

Vibrio
species cause infectious diseases in humans and animals, but they can also live as commensals within their host tissues. How
Vibrio
subverts the host defenses to mount a successful infection remains poorly understood, and this knowledge is critical for predicting and managing disease. Here, we have investigated the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning infection and colonization of 2 virulent
Vibrio
species in an ecologically relevant host model, oyster, to study interactions with marine
Vibrio
species. All
Vibrio
strains were recognized by the immune system, but only nonvirulent strains were controlled. We showed that virulent strains were cytotoxic to hemocytes, oyster immune cells. By analyzing host and bacterial transcriptional responses to infection, together with
Vibrio
gene knock-outs, we discovered that
Vibrio crassostreae
and
Vibrio tasmaniensis
use distinct mechanisms to cause hemocyte lysis. Whereas
V. crassostreae
cytotoxicity is dependent on a direct contact with hemocytes and requires an ancestral gene encoding a protein of unknown function,
r5.7
,
V. tasmaniensis
cytotoxicity is dependent on phagocytosis and requires intracellular secretion of T6SS effectors. We conclude that proliferation of commensal vibrios is controlled by the host immune system, preventing systemic infections in oysters, whereas the successful infection of virulent strains relies on
Vibrio
species-specific molecular determinants that converge to compromise host immune cell function, allowing evasion of the host immune system.
Odor coding in the antenna of the tsetse fly
Glossina morsitans
Authors: Soni Neeraj , Chahda J. Sebastian , Carlson John R.
Published: June 2019

Significance

Tsetse flies pose a major threat to the health and economy of sub-Saharan Africa. They transmit trypanosomes that cause African sleeping sickness in humans and a disease called nagana in livestock. Tsetse find their hosts in large part through olfactory cues, but little is known about the cellular basis of olfaction in these flies. We carried out a systematic physiological analysis of olfactory response in the tsetse antenna. We identified 7 classes of olfactory sensilla that respond to human or animal odors, CO
2
, pheromones, and a tsetse repellent. The functional organization of the tsetse fly is strikingly different from that of the fruit fly
Drosophila
. This study may be useful in devising new means of controlling tsetse.
Teaching English-Chinese textual translation strategies
Authors: Sun Kun
Published: June 2019

The topic-chain is a typical characteristic used to distinguish Chinese discourse from other languages, such as English. By studying how to make use of the topic-chain, one learns how to decipher English into natural and idiomatic Chinese translation. The idea of using topic-chains to explore English-Chinese (E-C) textual translation is relatively new to translation studies. As such, this paper provides a detailed account of cross-linguistic differences between English and Chinese, with regard to the topic-chain, as well as the differences between the topic-chain model and the approach of thematic progression theory. This study, based on contrastive analysis, constructs a model consisting of specific procedures that are simple and easy to use, thereby making English-Chinese textual translation a more manageable process. Use of topic-chain strategies will promote the efficiency and quality of E-C translation, and allow for Chinese translated text to be more idiomatic. This paper provides an overview of effective textual translation strategies that are useful both for translators and the field of translation studies as a whole. It addresses how to teach translation effectively to students, providing practical theory and practice for pedagogical instruction. Meanwhile, an experiment conducted provides the evidence that topic-chain for pedagogical instruction is significantly valid. The pedagogical design of these strategies emphasizes the training of students’ textual awareness and targets language-sensitive awareness. It is assumed that didactics can help students gain bilingual competence and strengthen their core transfer competence. This study, therefore, is significant not only in exploring the benefits and uses of textual translation studies, but has practical value when applied directly to translation learning and teaching.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of tissue-resident memory T cells in human lung cancer
Authors: Clarke James , Panwar Bharat , Madrigal Ariel , Singh Divya , Gujar Ravindra , Wood Oliver , Chee Serena J. , Eschweiler Simon , King Emma V. , Awad Amiera S. , Hanley Christopher J. , McCann Katy J. , Bhattacharyya Sourya , Woo Edwin , Alzetani Aiman , Seumois Grégory , Thomas Gareth J. , Ganesan Anusha-Preethi , Friedmann Peter S. , Sanchez-Elsner Tilman , Ay Ferhat , Ottensmeier Christian H. , Vijayanand Pandurangan
Published: June 2019

High numbers of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are associated with better clinical outcomes in cancer patients. However, the molecular characteristics that drive their efficient immune response to tumors are poorly understood. Here, single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analysis of TRM and non-TRM cells present in tumor and normal lung tissue from patients with lung cancer revealed that PD-1–expressing TRM cells in tumors were clonally expanded and enriched for transcripts linked to cell proliferation and cytotoxicity when compared with PD-1–expressing non-TRM cells. This feature was more prominent in the TRM cell subset coexpressing PD-1 and TIM-3, and it was validated by functional assays ex vivo and also reflected in their chromatin accessibility profile. This PD-1+TIM-3+ TRM cell subset was enriched in responders to PD-1 inhibitors and in tumors with a greater magnitude of CTL responses. These data highlight that not all CTLs expressing PD-1 are dysfunctional; on the contrary, TRM cells with PD-1 expression were enriched for features suggestive of superior functionality.
Persistence and nonpersistence as complementary models of identical quantum particles
Authors: Goyal Philip
Published: June 2019

Classical mechanics is based on the notion that matter consists of persistent particles that can be reidentified (or tracked) across time. However, the mathematical symmetrization procedures (due to Dirac (1926 Proc. R. Soc. A 112 661) and Heisenberg (1926 Z. Phys.
38 411) and Feynman (1965 Quantum Mechanics and Path Integrals 1st edn (New York: McGraw-Hill))) used to describe identical particles within the quantum formalism are widely interpreted as implying that identical quantum particles are not persistent (so that the concept of ‘the same particle’ is not meaningful) or are persistent but not reidentifiable. However, it has not proved possible to rigorously reconcile these interpretations with the fact that identical particles are routinely assumed to be reidentifiable in particular circumstances—for example, a track in a bubble chamber is interpreted as a sequence of bubbles generated by one and the same particle (Mirman 1973 Il Nuovo Cimento
18B 110; de Muynck 1975 Int. J. Theor. Phys.
14 327; Dieks and Lubberdink 2011 Found. Phys.
41 1051; Jantzen 2011 Phil. Sci.
78 39). Moreover, these interpretations do not account for the mathematical form of the symmetrization procedures, leaving open theoretical possibilities other than bosonic and fermionic behavior, such as paraparticles (Messiah and Greenberg 1964 Phys. Rev.
136), which however do not appear to be realized in nature. Here we propose that the quantum mechanical behavior of identical particles is a manifestation of a novel kind of complementarity, a complementarity of persistence and nonpersistence. Accordingly, identical ‘particles’ are neither persistent nor nonpersistent; rather, these terms are to be understood as descriptors of different models of the same experimental data. We prove the viability of this viewpoint by showing how Feynman’s and Dirac’s symmetrization procedures arise through a synthesis of a quantum treatment of persistence and nonpersistence models of identical particle-like events, and by showing how reidentifiability emerges in a context-dependent manner. Finally, by drawing on a reconstruction of Feynman’s formulation of quantum theory (Goyal et al 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 022109), we construct a precise parallel between the proposed persistence–nonpersistence complementary and Bohr’s wave–particle complementarity for individual particles, and detail their conceptual similarities and dissimilarities.
Approach to Estimate Rational Parameters of Rock Destruction from a Function of a Cutting Force
Authors: Averin E A , Zhabin A B , Polyakov A V
Published: June 2019

One of the main topics in modern mining science is the prediction of the excavation performance. The most used indicators describing excavation efficiency are specific energy and cutting force. At this the last one is of primary concerns of practicing engineers and researchers. Cutting force depends on physical properties of a destructed rock, tool’s geometry and technical parameters of the process such as penetration, spacing, etc. Rock properties are almost always considered as unchangeable parameters of the process. So in order to use rationally limited power resources of a machine mechanical excavator’s manufacturers and miners only optimize tool’s geometry and technical parameters of the process. Most of them are hardly changeable during exploitation. Thus, it is a responsible challenge to estimate optimal values of the parameters that is not still properly executed. The proposed approach is a mathematical, which defines cutting force as a function of a variable. It depends on estimation of such a value of the variable that relates to a specific relation λ between changes of the argument δχ and the function δy. The approach could be used not only on the designing stage of a project but also for in-situ decision-making on the changing of a specified parameter depending on permanently build function of cutting force.
The Method of Assessing and Substantiating the Influence of Factors’ Groups on the Reproduction of Mineral Resource Base
Authors: Dadykin V S
Published: June 2019

Mineral resources potential is the basis for a sustainable and balanced development of the modern economy in the case of its rational and integrated use across the entire spectrum of the diversity of minerals’ types represented. The method of estimating and substantiating the influence of groups of factors on the reproduction of mineral and raw material base is considered, consisting in the formation of an additive mathematical model for the reproduction of the mineral resource base, consisting of factors selected as a result of a two-stage ranking, and designed to analyze the influence of factors on the resulting integral index. As a result, a mathematical model was created that allows to assess and justify the influence of groups of factors on the reproduction of the mineral and raw materials base. The introduction of this methodology in practice will contribute to improve the management effectiveness of the mineral and raw materials complex, the formation of cluster economic structures on the territory of regions that are built taking into account the existing natural and mineral and raw materials potentials that are locomotives for the development of regional economy.
Site Location and Construction of Ski Resorts Using Geographical Information System (GIS) in Isfahan Province
Authors: Gabdrakhmanov N , Hosseini S
Published: June 2019

Considering the dry and hot climate governing Isfahan province, development of winter tourism (tourism development and providing the conditions for tourism) can bring in a different attraction for this province adding to its tourism potentialities i.e. the countless historical and cultural tourism attractions. The availability of high mountainous regions appropriately covered with snow can provide a susceptible field for winter tourism. This research is applied-developmental in nature aimed to locate and identify the appropriate areas and points for the construction of ski resorts in Isfahan province. For positioning and identifying the susceptible areas for the construction of ski resorts, the Isfahan’s high areas over than 2300 m were taken into account which were identified by applying analytic functions technique and satellite images. For locating, 7 measures including height, slope degree, temperature, snow depth, distance from the residential areas, infrastructure facilities and accessibility to communication roads were used. Besides, the statistical data obtained from 21 synoptic stations including that of Isfahan as well as nearby stations of Borujen, Saman, Si Sakht and Yasuj were also used. As per the obtained maps, Fereydunshahr, Semirom and a part of Chadegan were of high capability for the construction of ski resorts and winter tourism, respectively. In addition, the near distance between several villages and towns located close to these regions not only can play an effective role in the economic variety and development of these regions but also can significantly assist the management and maintenance of the ski resorts which should be deemed as a very important issue for the survival of such ski resorts.
To the Question of the Production of Silicon Carbide
Authors: Doshlov I O , Chizhik K I
Published: June 2019

The issue of qualified use of the whole granulomeres composition of petroleum coke is considered. The possibility of using petrochemical fines for the production of silicon carbide is shown. Various technologies for upgrading petro-coke fines are presented and their advantages and disadvantages are revealed. An optimal variant of the preparation of petrochemical fines, in which the main driver for the production of silicon carbide is proposed. The possibility of a significant increase in the reactivity and specific surface area of oil reducing agents due to precision sifting by refined petrochemical fines and removal of excess moisture from petrochemical fines is shown. Due to the evaporation of moisture and the action of water vapor on the carbonaceous material, a positive effect can be created, consisting in the vapor activation of the reducing agent, accompanied by an increase in its reactivity and resistivity. It has been established that the increased humidity of the reducing agent degrades the heat balance of the electric smelting because of the heat costs for evaporation and, in part, the dissociation of water, and also causes an increased consumption of the reducing agent due to its active oxidation with water vapor and water dissociation products.
Development of a Rental Mechanism for Reducing the Technogenic Risks in the Coal Industry
Authors: Fedulova E A , Potapov A L
Published: June 2019

The article examines reducing the technogenic risks in the coal industry by differentiating the withdrawal of mountain rents from mining enterprises of different types (cuts and mines). It is shown that the general level of the technogenic risks when using the open method of extraction is not inferior to the underground one. Consequently, the increase in the specific gravity of this method in the coal mining structure increases technogenic risks and requires protection from them. The purpose of the article is to develop a technical and economic mechanism capable of removing mining differential rent for coal mines in order to improve the balance of the production structure. The methodology of the study is based on the of use correlation-regression, factor analysis, expert assessments. The value of the differential mining rent arising in the Russian coal industry is determined using an open mining method in comparison with an underground mine method. The ratio of man-made risks and the value of mountain rents are estimated using different mining methods. A mechanism has been developed for the withdrawal of differential rent cuts, supplementing the existing model of the tax on the extraction of minerals. The possibilities of using a collection or a target payment for the use of an open coal mining method are shown to protect against the corresponding technogenic risks, to compensate for the accumulated damage.