bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast variance component analysis using large-scale ancestral recombination graphs
Authors: Zhu Jiazheng , Kalantzis Georgios , Pazokitoroudi Ali , Gunnarsson Árni Freyr , Loya Hrushikesh , Chen Han , Sankararaman Sriram , Palamara Pier Francesco
Published: September 2024

Recent algorithmic advancements have enabled the inference of genome-wide ancestral recombination graphs (ARGs) from genomic data in large cohorts. These inferred ARGs provide a detailed representation of genealogical relatedness along the genome and have been shown to complement genotype imputation in complex trait analyses by capturing the effects of unobserved genomic variants. An inferred ARG can be used to construct a genetic relatedness matrix, which can be leveraged within a linear mixed model for the analysis of complex traits. However, these analyses are computationally infeasible for large datasets. We introduce a computationally efficient approach, called ARG-RHE, to estimate narrow-sense heritability and perform region-based association testing using an ARG. ARG-RHE relies on scalable randomized algorithms to estimate variance components and assess their statistical significance, and can be applied to multiple quantitative traits in parallel. We conduct extensive simulations to verify the computational efficiency, statistical power, and robustness of this approach. We then apply it to detect associations between 21,374 genes and 52 blood-related traits, using an ARG inferred from genotype data of 337,464 individuals from the UK Biobank. In these analyses, combining ARG-based and imputation-based testing yields 8% more gene-trait associations than using imputation alone, suggesting that inferred genome-wide genealogies may effectively complement genotype imputation in the analysis of complex traits.
Switching on Behavioral and Neural Rhythmicity to Retrieve Memories When the Number of Retained Items Exceeds Four
Authors: Ideriha Takuya , Ushiyama Junichi
Published: September 2024

Even when we experience difficulty in recalling memories, we nevertheless manage to retrieve the target items. However, the neural mechanisms that enable such difficult memory retrieval are unknown. Here, we report an intriguing phenomenon where our nervous system “switches on” behavioral/neural rhythmicity to retrieve memory when the number of candidate items exceeds four. In our experiments, participants learned and retrieved 2–5 color/letter pairs. Analyses of hundreds of reaction times revealed a significant tendency for memory recall to occur at discrete times corresponding to theta–alpha (4–13 Hz) cycles, but only when the number of memorized pairs exceeded four. Electrophysiological data localized theta–alpha rhythmicity around parietal electrodes, a region associated with the long-term memory system. Our findings suggest that neural rhythmicity facilitates memory retrieval when the number of candidate items exceeds four, which is known as the “magical number” corresponding to the limit of human cognitive capacity.
Rationalizing the Effects of RNA Modifications on Protein Interactions
Authors: Vandelli Andrea , Broglia Laura , Armaos Alexandros , Ponti Riccardo Delli , Tartaglia Gian Gaetano
Published: September 2024

RNA modifications play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by altering RNA structure and modulating interactions with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). In this study, we explore the impact of specific RNA chemical modifications—N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A), A-to-I editing, and pseudouridine (Ψ)—on RNA secondary structure and protein-RNA interactions. Utilizing genome-wide data, including RNA secondary structure predictions and protein-RNA interaction datasets, we classify proteins into distinct categories based on their binding behaviors: modification-specific and structure-independent, or modification-promiscuous and structure-dependent. For instance, m⁶A readers like YTHDF2 exhibit modification-specific and structure-independent binding, consistently attaching to m⁶A regardless of structural changes. Conversely, proteins such as U2AF2 display modification-promiscuous and structure-dependent behavior, altering their binding preferences in response to structural changes induced by different modifications. A-to-I editing, which causes significant structural changes, typically reduces protein interactions, while Ψ enhances RNA structural stability, albeit with variable effects on protein binding. To better predict these interactions, we developed the catRAPID 2.0 RNA modifications algorithm, which forecasts the effects of RNA modifications on protein-RNA binding propensities. This algorithm serves as a valuable tool for researchers, enabling the prediction and analysis of RNA modifications’ impact on protein interactions, thus offering new insights into RNA biology and engineering. The catRAPID 2.0 RNA modifications tool is available athttp://service.tartaglialab.com/new_submission/catrapid_omicsv2_rna_mod.

Abstract Figure
Seeing Double: Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the stability of certain alternate protein conformations in crystal structures
Authors: Rosenberg Aviv A. , Vedula Sanketh , Bronstein Alex M. , Marx Ailie
Published: September 2024

Proteins jiggle around, adopting ensembles of interchanging conformations. Here we show through a large-scale analysis of the Protein Data Bank and using molecular dynamics simulations, that segments of protein chains can also commonly adopt dual, transiently stable conformations which is not explained by direct interactions. Our analysis highlights how alternate conformations can be maintained as non-interchanging, separated states intrinsic to the protein chain, namely through steric barriers or the adoption of transient secondary structure elements. We further demonstrate that despite the commonality of the phenomenon, current structural ensemble prediction methods fail to capture these bimodal distributions of conformations.
Housing customization: envisioning an interface to support co-design processes
Authors: Raposo Micaela , Eloy Sara , Dias Miguel Sales
Published: September 2024

Purpose

There are several studies showing that end-users' participation in the architectural design process of houses is critical to their satisfaction (e.g. Önder et al., 2010; Ammar et al., 2013). Housing that is not adjusted to inhabitants' needs leads to modification works (Davidson et al., 2007) that could be avoided if their design was defined from the beginning with their participation. Digital technologies, such as 3D interactive visualization, benefit co-design processes by helping non-specialists better understand space and design possibilities (Salter et al., 2009; Schroth et al., 2006). However, the available literature shows that existing co-design digital tools were not developed based on potential users’ requirements. This paper aims to define the user requirements of a co-design tool for housing customization.

Design/methodology/approach

Interviews were conducted to gather information on how participatory processes occur in housing cooperatives and identify how potential users can collaborate in the design definition of their houses using a digital tool.

Findings

The interviews were analyzed, and requirements were defined.

Originality/value

This work contributes to the advancement of knowledge since the tool is defined based on requirements collected from potential end-users. By using a user-centered approach, the tool can contribute to more effective and informed collaboration.
Exploiting organizations' innovation performance via big data analytics: an absorptive knowledge perspective
Authors: Tseng Hsiao-Ting , Jia Shizhen (Jasper) , Nisar Tahir M. , Hajli Nick
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The advantages of applying big data analytics for organizations to boost innovation performance are enormous. By collecting and analysing substantial amounts of data, firms can discern what works for their customer needs and update existing products while innovating new ones. Notwithstanding the evidence about the effects of big data analytics, the link between big data analytics and innovation performance is still underestimated. Especially in today's fast-changing and complicated environments, companies cannot simply take big data analytics as one innovative technical tool without fully understanding how to deploy it effectively.

Design/methodology/approach

This study tries to investigate this relationship by building on the knowledge absorptive capacity perspective. The authors conceptualized effective use of big data analytics tools as one general absorptive capacity rather than a simple technical element or skill. Specifically, effectively utilize big data analytics tools can provide values and insights for new product innovation performance in a turbulent environment. Using online survey data from 108 managers, the authors assessed their hypotheses by applying the structural equation modelling method.

Findings

The authors found that big data analytics capacity, which can be conceptualized as one absorptive capacity, can positively influence product innovation performance. The authors also found that environmental turbulence has strong moderation effects on these two main relationships.

Originality/value

These results establish big data analytics can be regarded as one absorptive capacity, which can positively boost an organization's innovation performance.
Brand purpose: a literature review and BEING implementation framework
Authors: France Cassandra , Gonzalez-Arcos Claudia Fernanda , O’Rourke Anne-Maree , Spry Amanda , Bruce Bronwyn
Published: September 2024

Purpose

While brand purpose has gained traction in academia and industry, it overlaps with other socially-oriented branding concepts, generating confusion and criticism around what brand purpose is and how it should be implemented. This study aims to clarify conceptualisations of brand purpose and related concepts, developing a managerial framework for effective implementation and contributing a future research agenda for scholars.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents the results of a systematic literature review on brand purpose, exploring the current knowledge. A total of 202 studies from 75 journals were drawn from a wide range of databases and met the identified criteria relevant to brand purpose, published up to and including 2023. Full papers were empirically analysed using qualitative iterative thematic analysis to identify common and emerging themes and synthesise this into a framework.

Findings

Beyond identifying the diverse applications of brand purpose, the BEING framework is proposed. This acronym captures five principles of brand purpose: beyond profit, enduring commitment, integrated values, nurturing stakeholders and genuine action.

Practical implications

The BEING framework provides clear managerial guidance for implementing brand purpose, urging brand leaders to enact meaningful brand purpose and champion purpose within organisations.

Social implications

As more brands pursue a higher purpose, this research elucidates the meaning of brand purpose and offers an actionable framework for brands to contribute to a better world.

Originality/value

This work examines the related branding concepts, clarifying the brand purpose concept and offering the BEING framework to articulate essential components of effective brand purpose.
Unveiling the emerging trends of egg components‐based biodegradable food packaging development: A comprehensive review
Authors: Khalid Samran , Zahid Muqaddas , Chaudhary Kashmala , Naeem Muhammad , Mustafa Muzammil , Onyeaka Helen , Hafeez Azka , Amin Sara , Raana Sumbal
Published: September 2024

Food packaging plays a crucial role in the food supply chain by aiding in food preservation and reducing food losses throughout the distribution process. The extensive, unregulated utilization, and waste mismanagement of food packaging materials made up of conventional petroleum‐based plastics has led to a significant environmental crisis. Egg components‐based food packaging has attracted considerable attention from the global packaging industry as a viable alternative to synthetic polymers due to its biodegradability, sustainability, and health‐related benefits. This comprehensive review explores the composition and properties of egg components (eggshell, eggshell membrane, egg white, and egg yolk), and recent advancements in biodegradable packaging films derived from them. Additionally, it introduces the characteristics of these films and their applications in food, highlighting their biodegradability, sustainability, and suitable mechanical, barrier, thermal, optical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties as substitutes for traditional synthetic polymers. The utilization of various egg components in the packaging industry is a safe, non‐toxic, cost‐effective, and economical approach. However, it was found that incorporating active compounds from natural sources into packaging films, as well as composite films composed of egg components combined with other biopolymers, resulted in superior properties, compared to single component films. Moreover, the application of novel technologies in film development has proven to be more effective than conventional methods. These innovative egg components‐based packaging films can be optimized and commercialized for use as packaging materials for food products.
From detection methods to risk prevention: Control of N‐nitrosamines in foods and the role of natural bioactive compounds
Authors: Zhu Jinpeng , Lu Yunhao , He Qiang
Published: September 2024

Food processing unavoidably introduces various risky ingredients that threaten food safety. N‐Nitrosamines (NAs) constitute a class of food contaminants, which are considered carcinogenic to humans. According to the compiled information, pretreatment methods based on solid‐phase extraction (SPE) were widely used before the determination of volatile NAs in foods. The innovation of adsorbents and hybridization of other methods have been confirmed as the future trends of SPE‐based pretreatment methods. Moreover, technologies based on liquid chromatography and gas chromatography were popularly applied for the detection of NAs. Recently, sensor‐based methods have garnered increasing attention due to their efficiency and flexibility. More portable sensor‐based technologies are recommended for on‐site monitoring of NAs in the future. The application of artificial intelligence can facilitate data processing during high‐throughput detection of NAs. Natural bioactive compounds have been confirmed to be effective in mitigating NAs in foods through antioxidation, scavenging precursors, and regulating microbial activities. Meanwhile, they exhibit strong protective activities against hepatic damage, pancreatic cancer, and other NA injuries. Further supplementation of data on the bioavailability of bioactives can be achieved through encapsulation and clinical trials. The utilization of bioinformatics tools rooted in various omics technologies is suggested for investigating novel mechanisms and finally broadening their applications in targeted therapies.
Gravity dam displacement monitoring using in situ strain and deep learning
Authors: Wu Xin , Zheng Dongjian , Chen Xingqiao , Liu Yongtao , Qiu Jianchun , Jiang Haifeng
Published: September 2024

Recent studies in dam displacement monitoring primarily focus on single‐response monitoring or model updating using advanced techniques. Few studies involve the combination analysis of displacement with other synchronized responses utilizing their monitoring characteristics. In situ strain data provide a strength‐safety perspective for dam displacement monitoring. The challenge lies in that estimating displacement directly using limited discrete strain data may be misleading. This paper analyzes the relationship between displacement and global, and multipoint local strains from the perspective of the differences in load effects of gravity dams, and indicates that introducing appropriate state factors improves the estimation. A displacement estimation model driven by strain data and state factors is developed using stacked convolutional neural network, and the variable relationships within the model are interpretated via accumulated local effects. Incorporating specific strength criteria, a novel displacement monitoring indicator based on the tensile safety of the dam heel is proposed. A case study of a gravity dam showcases the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison with the solely strain‐based model and the traditional hydrostatic‐seasonal‐time factors‐based model.
Process evaluation of the initial implementation of the Moments that Matter parenting program in Kenya
Authors: Jeong Joshua , McCann Juliet K. , Bhojani Alina , Kim Yuri , Uyehara Malia , Maguet Zane , Ochuka Wilson , Ochieng Michael
Published: September 2024

The Moments that Matter® parenting program aims to promote nurturing care and healthy early childhood development (ECD) through monthly home visits and monthly community group meetings that are delivered by ECD promoters and coordinated with faith leaders in rural Western Kenya. We designed a process evaluation in August 2023 during the first quarter of program implementation. We conducted in‐depth interviews and focus group discussions with caregivers, ECD promoters, faith leaders, and program staff to capture their program experiences, assess program quality, and explore the implementation barriers and facilitators during this early stage of program roll‐out. Although ECD promoters delivered the program with fidelity, the roles and responsibilities of faith leaders were relatively weaker and inconsistent. Key facilitators of quality implementation included visual aids of key messages and supportive supervision. Barriers included a lack of clarity about faith leaders’ roles and relatively long group session duration. We highlight several key recommendations for improving fidelity, quality, and eventual program effects with respect to enhancing nurturing care and early child development. Overall, our study showcases how a process evaluation conducted during the early phase of program implementation can reveal practical insights that can be used to inform program adaptations and quality improvement.
Four new species of Albomagister (Agaricales) from eastern North America
Authors: Matheny P. Brandon , Lebeuf Renée , Sánchez-García Marisol , Graddy Mary G. , Trudell Steven A. , Wood Michal G. , Vellinga Else C.
Published: September 2024

Four new species of Albomagister, a genus of Tricholomataceae in the order Agaricales, are described and illustrated from eastern North America. All four are relatively rare or geographically restricted but two have a broad geographical distribution occurring in southeast Canada and in the southern Appalachians. This study increases the number of known species in the genus from three to seven, five of which occur in eastern North America. A broad concept for the genus is discussed. Illustrations and descriptions of the North American taxa are presented, along with a taxonomic key to the known seven species in the genus worldwide.
A new sexually dimorphic Diploechiniscus species (Tardigrada: Echiniscidae) from Calvert Island (British Columbia, Canada)
Authors: Vecchi Matteo , Guidetti Roberto , Vincenzi Joel , Choong Henry , Calhim Sara
Published: September 2024

An important, but generally overlooked source in intraspecific variability of characters used in tardigrades taxonomy is sexual dimorphism. Dioecious tardigrades species with unisexual or bisexual populations are common, but external sexual dimorphism is rarely observed. The discovery and integrative analysis of a Diploechiniscus species population with high sexual dimorphism from Calvert Island (Canada) has allowed its description as a new species. Diploechiniscus dimorphus n. sp. is characterized by a different chaetotaxy in males and females, and by enlarged cephalic sensory appendages in the males. The discovery of this new species shows that it is important to consider sexual dimorphism as a source of intraspecific variability in tardigrade taxonomy due to its implications on the use of traits commonly used to delineate species such as chaetotaxy. Lastly, the finding of individuals of Diploechiniscus horningi ( Schuster and Grigarick, 1971 ), a species previously synonymized with Diploechiniscus oihonnae ( Richters, 1903 ), allows us to prove that it is genetically a separate species and to reinstate it.
Neuron circuit made of a single locally-active memristor
Authors: Yan Yan , Jin Peipei , Shi Jiaping , Wang Guangyi , Liang Yan , Dong Yujiao , Chen Long
Published: September 2024

Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the human brain’s architecture, is expected to break the physical limits of transistors and von Neumann bottleneck. The multiple internal state variables of higher-order memristors (second-order or above) possess dynamic complexity and adaptability, enabling them to mimick the characteristics of biological neurons, which are very important building blocks for neuromorphic computing. This paper presents a simple neuron circuit containing a single second-order current-controlled locally-active memristor (LAM). The pinched hysteresis loop and DC V–I curve of the proposed second-order LAM show good odd symmetry. Applying small signal analysis method, we obtain the small-signal equivalent circuit of the neuron circuit, showing a [Formula: see text] parallel structure and an edge of chaos kernel in its locally-active domain. Also, we draw a parameter classification of the neuron circuit, showing four symmetrical edge of chaos domains, which plays an important role in biphasic action potentials. Finally, we demonstrate that the simple neuron circuit can produce monophasic action potentials, biphasic action potentials and co-existing neuromorphic phenomena via subcritical Hopf bifurcation with different input, verifying the simple circuit is suitable as artificial neurons.
Randomized Invitation to Systematic NT-proBNP and ECG Screening in 75-Year-Olds to Detect Atrial Fibrillation: STROKESTOP II
Authors: Kemp Gudmundsdottir Katrin , Svennberg Emma , Friberg Leif , Hygrell Tove , Frykman Viveka , Al-Khalili Faris , Hijazi Ziad , Rosenqvist Mårten , Engdahl Johan
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Guidelines have suggested screening for atrial fibrillation to enable early treatment and avoid downstream negative clinical events. We aimed to determine whether atrial fibrillation screening potentially enhanced by NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) would reduce stroke or systemic embolism incidence compared with a control group and to determine whether it was safe for those with low NT-proBNP concentrations to forfeit prolonged screening.

METHODS:

In this randomized controlled trial, all 75- and 76-year-old individuals in Stockholm Region, Sweden, were randomized 1:1 to be invited to screening or serve as a control group. NT-proBNP concentrations were measured, and a single-lead ECG was registered only once if NT-proBNP <125 ng/L, whereas if NT-proBNP ≥125 ng/L, participants underwent prolonged screening, recording single-lead ECGs 4 times daily for 2 weeks. If atrial fibrillation was detected, treatment was initiated. Baseline and outcome data were collected from Swedish National Registries.

RESULTS:

In total, 28 712 individuals were randomized. After exclusion of death and emigration, 13 905 remained in the intervention group, 13 884 in the control group. The participation rate in the intervention group was 49.2% (6843 of 13 905). Participants in the high NT-proBNP group (NT-proBNP≥125 ng/L) without previous atrial fibrillation constituted 60% of the total and underwent prolonged screening. New atrial fibrillation was detected in 2.4% (165 of 6843) in the intervention group. There was no difference in atrial fibrillation prevalence or oral anticoagulant treatment between the intervention and the control group after 5 years of follow-up. After a median of 5.1 years (interquartile range, 5.0–5.8), there was no difference in the primary outcome of stroke or systemic embolism between the intervention group and the control group (hazard ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.86–1.06]). The low NT-proBNP group had significantly fewer strokes or systemic emboli than the control group (hazard ratio, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.46–0.74];
P
<0.001). In the high NT-proBNP group, the risk of stroke or systemic embolism was higher compared with the low NT-proBNP group (hazard ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.22–2.02];
P
=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

In this population-based screening trial for atrial fibrillation using NT-proBNP for screening enhancement, there was no difference in risk of stroke or systemic embolism for the intervention group compared with controls. Participation was moderate. The use of NT-proBNP for screening enhancement was safe in identifying low-risk participants.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02743416.
A new species of Metaphrixus Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis, 1931 (Isopoda: Bopyridae: Hemiarthrinae) associated with an Hippolytidae shrimp from Costa Rica
Authors: RIBEIRO FELIPE BEZERRA , HORCH AMANDA PORCIUNCULA , TEROSSI MARIANA , MANTELATTO FERNANDO LUIS
Published: September 2024

A new species of parasitic isopod of the genus Metaphrixus Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis, 1931 is described from one Hippolyte obliquimanus Dana, 1852 shrimp, collected in Costa Rica. It is the fifth species of the genus worldwide and the first record of the subfamily Hemiarthrinae from Costa Rica. A comparative table, an identification key and a distribution map for all species of the genus are also provided.
A checklist of Iranian Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea)
Authors: NARDI GIANLUCA , GHAHARI HASSAN
Published: September 2024

The fauna of Iranian Aderidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) includes five species within four genera, Aderus Stephens, 1829 (one species), Cobososia Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1996 (two), Gompelia Alonso-Zarazaga, 2010 (one) and Phytobaenus R.F. Sahlberg, 1834 (one). Cobosia [sic!] (Franz 1987) is recognized as an incorrect subsequent spelling of Cobososia Báguena-Corella, 1962 (nomen nudum).
Gryllotalpa chrysea sp. nov., a new species of Mole Cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Gryllotalpinae) from China
Authors: WANG NING , YUAN WEI , ZHANG TAO , GU JUN-JIE , MA LI-BIN
Published: September 2024

A new species, Gryllotalpa chrysea sp. nov., distributed in Sichuan and Guangdong provinces of China is described. The body of the new species is small and easily distinguished from other species in the genus by its coloration of black body and golden forewings. Here, we describe and illustrate this new taxon, and provide description and illustration of the genitalia features of Gryllotalpa orientalis Burmeister, 1838 and Gryllotalpa cycloptera Ma & Zhang, 2011.
The Relationship Between Body Image Dissatisfaction, Psychopathological Symptoms, Social Comparisons With Peers and Celebrities, and Self-Compassion in Men
Authors: Galhardo Ana , Moreira Pedro , Ferreira Cláudia , Cunha Marina
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to further understand body image among men by examining differences in body dissatisfaction and physical appearance-related comparisons with peers and celebrities, self-compassion, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and explore the relationship between male body image dissatisfaction, self-compassion, and depressive symptoms. The sample comprised 220 Portuguese men aged 18–66 years old, mostly single (78.2%) and with a mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 24.81. Participants completed online measures assessing depressive and anxiety symptoms, male body dissatisfaction, self-compassion, and social comparison disseminated through social media and online forums. No significant differences were found between the BMI groups regarding anxiety, depression, and self-compassion. Underweight and typical weight groups revealed significantly less male body dissatisfaction (body fat dimension). Participants in the obesity group revealed less positive social comparisons with peers and celebrities. Regression results showed that age, years of education, the muscularity dimension of the male body dissatisfaction, and self-compassion were significant predictors, accounting for 26% of depressive symptoms. Cultivating self-compassionate skills may be helpful for dealing with muscularity dissatisfaction, thus leading to less depressive symptoms.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate causes damage to L-02 cells via Wnt/β-catenin signal path and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
Authors: Jiajing Cui , Shuqi Yan , Haoyan Ma , Pingwei Wang , Dongge Liu , Yanping Liu , Qianqian Chen , Saleh Fajrin , Shuping Ren
Published: September 2024

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the most widely used perfluorinated compounds, and as an environmental endocrine disruptor and environmental persistent pollutant, the threat of PFOS to human health is of increasing concern. Exposure to PFOS has been shown to be closely associated with liver disease, but the intrinsic molecular targets and mechanisms of PFOS-induced liver damage are not well understood. This study was conducted to explore whether the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway and the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway are involved in damage of PFOS to the liver. In this study, we used the CCK-8 method to detect cell viability, a microscope and DAPI staining to observe cell morphology, flow cytometry to detect cell ROS and apoptosis levels; and Western blot to detect the expressions of proteins in the WNT/β-Catenin, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis-related pathways. We found that PFOS activated WNT/β-Catenin and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pathways in L-02 cells and could lead to the development of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our findings showed that PFOS could cause damage to L-02 cells, and the WNT/β-Catenin signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways were involved in the changes caused by PFOS to L-02 cells, which provided a new theoretical basis for studying the hepatotoxicity and mechanism of PFOS. PFOS can lead to increased intracellular ROS levels, causing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our experimental results showed that PFOS can cause damage to L-02 cells, and the WNT/β-Catenin signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway are involved in the process of damage caused by PFOS to L-02 cells.
Funding Liquidity and Risk-Taking Behavior of Banks in India
Authors: Muduli Silu , Dash Shridhar Kumar
Published: September 2024

This study, utilizing bank-level data for India, investigates the relationship between funding liquidity and banks’ risk-taking behavior. The study uses two risk measures: risk-weighted assets (encompassing credit, market, and operational risk) and liquidity creation (encompassing intermediacy risk). Findings reveal that banks with higher funding liquidity exhibit higher risk-taking behavior. This risk-taking behavior is more pronounced during economic recuperation and expansionary monetary policy phases. Notably, during economic recuperation, banks display heightened intermediacy risk, contrasting with the absence of such evidence during expansionary monetary policy phases. Larger banks with higher deposit shares demonstrate lower risk-taking behavior. Additionally, banks with a return on equity (ROE) below the average ROE exhibit a proclivity for increased risk-taking. This study advocates for liquidity regulation as a crucial complement to bank capital regulation, offering empirical support for moderate risk-taking among highly liquid banks and fortify their balance sheets for a stable banking system in India.

JEL Codes: E32, E52, G21, G28
Tax-avoidance Effect on Investment Inefficiency: An Examination of Agency Theory
Authors: Ajmal T. K. , Kumar Vinod , Balasubramanian G.
Published: September 2024

Tax-avoidance activity in firms potentially increases investment inefficiency, arguably due to agency problems in firms. Further, this relationship shows country-wide variation. Using the data of 336 Indian firms from 2011 to 2021, this article examines the tax avoidance and investment efficiency relationship in the Indian context. It also provides empirical evidence for the agency argument on the tax avoidance-investment efficiency relationship. Estimates using the two-step system generalized methods of moments approach show that tax avoidance in Indian firms is positively associated with investment inefficiency, and the agency problem augments this relationship. The findings have significant policy implications for policymakers and firms.

JEL Codes: G30, G32, G34
Single-Sided Deafness: A Narrative Review
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims:

Single-sided deafness (SSD) is a severe type of hearing loss affecting one ear, and it frequently presents social difficulties for those affected. Head shadow effect and sound localisation play an important role in speech perception.

Methods:

Research articles on SSD were identified through an online search of PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar databases.

Results:

SSD affects daily activities and emotional or social well-being. It is necessary to get the early identification of the aetiology of SSD for prompt intervention. The aetiology of SSD can be determined with the use of investigations such as as genetic testing, serological testing, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging, and DNA testing for viral infections. Rehabilitation options for patients with SSD include cochlear implants, bone-anchored hearing aids, and contralateral routing of sound. Individuals with SSD cochlear implants have strong auditory perception. The objective of this review article is to provide aetiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis and current treatment of SSD.

Conclusion:

Individuals with SSD commonly experience communication issues that have a substantial negative effect on their quality of life. Word discrimination is hampered by SSD, and this impairment varies depending on the affected ear’s residual hearing. Speech comprehension is frequently difficult for patients with severe SSD, especially in noisy environments.
Implications of the Cass Review for health policy governing gender medicine for Australian minors
Authors: Clayton Alison , Amos Andrew James , Spencer Jillian , Clarke Patrick
Published: September 2024

Objective

To summarize the key recommendations of England’s independent inquiry into gender identity services for children and young people (the Cass Review) and to evaluate their relevance to Australian health policy.

Conclusions

The Cass Review’s findings and recommendations have clear applicability to Australian health policy. As a matter of priority, Australian health authorities need to seriously engage with the Cass Review's findings and recommendations. To not do so will put the health and well-being of vulnerable children and young people at risk.
Mental health of the Pacific Island Nation communities: What the rest in the world can contribute to and learn from?
Authors: Shidhaye Rahul
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Creating Futures initiative has established a network of mental health professionals, researchers, and community members from the Pacific Island Nations (PIN), Australia, and New Zealand to address the growing challenges of mental health conditions compounded by the climate change crisis. The enormous amount of work done in Global Mental Health can be particularly helpful to improve population-level mental health. However, translation of this evidence base into practice poses several challenges.

Objective

This perspective paper discusses the role of local culture and health systems context in determining the feasibility and acceptability of implementing and scaling up evidence-based interventions designed in an American-European context. The paper also advocates development (and evaluation) of mental health interventions in the PIN communities particularly and Global South generally and exporting these interventions to the rest of the world.

Conclusions

COVID-19 crisis underlined the role of global cooperation as well as national level ‘self-reliance’. In this post COVID-19 world, it will be desirable for the mental health community to cooperate and collaborate to scale up evidence-based interventions through rigorous contextualization and at the same time main-stream mental health interventions developed in the Global South by incorporating them in the Global Mental Health discourse.
Pharmacological Assessment of Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of Thalictrum Foetidum Against Haloperidol-Induced Parkinson’s Like Symptoms in Animal Model: A Dose-Dependent Study With Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Han Jiangyu , Hao Xu , Fatima Mishal , Chauhdary Zunera , Jamshed Ayesha , Abdur Rahman Hafiz Muhammad , Siddique Rida , Asif Muhammad , Rana Saba , Hussain Liaqat
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by dopamine deficiency in the corpus striatum due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Symptoms include bradykinesia, resting tremors, unstable posture, muscular rigidity, and a shuffled gait. Thalictrum foetidum is traditionally used for neurodegenerative disorders.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of aqueous ethanolic extract of Thalictrum foetidum (AETF) against Parkinson-like symptoms and to investigate its underlying mechanism.

Methodology: Thirty-six albino mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6): normal control, disease control, standard treatment (levodopa/carbidopa, 100/25 mg/kg), and 3 treatment groups (AETF at 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg). One hour before treatment, haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i. p.) was administered to induce Parkinson’s disease in all groups except the normal control group.

Results: Behavioral analysis showed significant improvement ( P < .001) in motor function, muscular coordination, and reduced muscular rigidity and tremors. AETF also reduced oxidative stress. Histological examination of the brain showed reduced Lewy bodies, neurofibrillary tangles, and plaque formation.

Conclusion: AETF alleviated PD symptoms by reducing neurodegeneration, modulating oxidative stress, and inhibiting the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and associated inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Piloting a Virtual Arts-Based Methodology to Explore Children’s Experiences of Chronic Pain: Methodological Insights and Lessons Learned
Authors: Mah Katie , Nazzicone Kristina , Facca Danica , Birnie Kathryn A. , Walton David M. , Teachman Gail
Published: September 2024

In the field of childhood pain, the knowledge and expertise of children has long been overlooked. Instead, adult knowledge has been privileged over child knowledge, despite contemporary understandings that the experience of pain is subjective in nature and can only be fully appreciated by the person experiencing it – regardless of age, stage, or status. In this paper, we report on a pilot study that combined virtual semi-structured interviewing methods with arts-based research methods (drawing or painting, produced offline in the time between virtual interviews) to explore children’s experiences of chronic pain from their own perspectives. We use this study as a backdrop to make visible the ‘behind the scenes’ methodological work of arts-based research with children, paying particular attention to the ways in which our methodological approach created time and space for reflection, supported the co-production of knowledge, provided a means through which to visualize the effect of broader social influences on knowledge production, and provoked novel lines of analysis and inquiry. All these affordances call for deeply reflexive research practices. We suggest the methodological approach described in this paper can help amplify and add value to research with young children. The richness of the children’s accounts concerning chronic pain add to the body of evidence demonstrating that ‘even’ young children have knowledge, expertise, and insights that should be elicited to expand understandings of children’s pain and other similarly abstract topics, phenomenon, and lines of inquiry in health.
Mapping sense of place as a measurable urban identity: Using street view images and machine learning to identify building façade materials
Authors: Chen Xinghan , Ding Xiangwen , Ye Yu
Published: September 2024

Sense of place, as an intangible perception, is widely recognized as an urban identity and of great value in both cross-cultural studies and contemporary urbanism. Building façade material can effectively capture sense of place due to its combination of physical and social attributes. Nevertheless, there are no widely implementable and high-resolution approaches to identify façade materials on a large scale. As a response, this study proposes a method using street view images (SVIs) and a set of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to identify building façade materials. Specifically, a large cross-cultural training set was built to promote generalizability. Buildings within SVIs were divided into high-resolution rectangular images and classified using a well-trained Residual Network-50 (ResNet-50) model. Sense of place and its spatial patterns were then depicted by measuring façade material and analytical indicators including diversity and continuity. Eight cities worldwide with distinctive urban identities were examined. The findings revealed that compared to Asian cities, New York City, Chicago, and London are similar, while Paris and Tokyo are more distinctive. While challenges persist in comprehensively measuring the sense of place, the analysis of façade materials offers an insightful indicator that can assist in enhancing urban identity for contemporary urbanism. This study not only promotes the fine development of urban science through the empowerment of intelligent algorithms but also introduces a new perspective on exploring unmeasurable qualities based on the objective physical environment.
Key Components of Qigong for People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Survey of Clinicians, Researchers, and Instructors
Authors: Buttolph Lita P. , Villanueva Jamie , Parman Natasha , Wooliscroft Lindsey , Yeh Gloria Y. , Bradley Ryan , Zwickey Heather
Published: September 2024

Background

Preliminary evidence suggests that Qigong (QG), a mind-body therapy, may help address symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the heterogeneity of QG content and delivery may affect its feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy.

Objective

To survey researchers, clinicians, and QG instructors with experience working with people with MS to identify key components of MS-specific QG guidelines and protocols.

Methods

We conducted an online survey to identify QG forms and movements considered helpful for MS, reasons for selection, characteristics of effective learning environments, and recommended dosage and frequency of practice. Quantitative data were analyzed using summary statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Forty-seven experts, including QG instructors, clinicians, and QG and MS researchers, completed the survey. Respondents had a mean (SD) of 20 (11) years of QG teaching experience, 26 (12) years of clinical practice, 24 (9) years of QG research experience, 13 (5) years of MS research experience, and worked with at least 3 (2) people with MS. Approximately 125 QG forms/movements were recommended. Some forms were specifically recommended to address MS symptoms (e.g., emotional regulation, balance and coordination, muscle strength and flexibility, immune regulation, and circulation). Some respondents felt that any QG form could be beneficial if basic principles were met (e.g., intentional movement, posture, focused awareness, rhythmic breathing/movement, and a relaxed mind and body). Instructor qualities included the ability to convey information clearly, being caring and compassionate, proficient in QG, and having basic knowledge of MS. To promote confidence in learning QG, recommendations included having simple, easy-to-learn movements with modifications based on physical ability. We provide a sample protocol based on these recommendations.

Conclusions

This study provides expert guidance for developing a QG protocol for an MS population, including content and delivery recommendations.
Longitudinal relationship between pre-exposure prophylaxis motivation and change in adherence among men who have sex with men in Western China
Authors: Lin Bing , Liu Jiaxiu , Pan Haiying , He Wei , Zhang Hong , Zhong Xiaoni
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly dependent on adherence, and adherence behavior is influenced by motivation. The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between PrEP motivation and change in adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Western China.

Methods

From November 2019 to June 2021, we conducted a PrEP prospective cohort study. Motivation to take medicine was measured by the PrEP Motivation Scale at baseline, and was grouped into different levels of latent categories by Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). A multinomial logistic regression model was used to explore the longitudinal relationship between change in adherence (improvement, decline, no change) and different levels of PrEP motivation.

Results

MSM were divided into two categories of PrEP motivation, a “high motivation group” (n = 506, 69.89%) and a “low motivation group” (n = 218, 30.11%). High PrEP motivation had no significant effect on the change in short-term adherence, however, it contributed to the improvement in long-term adherence [odds ratio (OR) = 3.028 (1.100–8.332), p = 0.031]. The predictive power of the adherence model was significantly enhanced with the addition of the PrEP motivation factor.

Conclusions

There was a positive correlation between high PrEP motivation at baseline and an improvement in long-term adherence. Surveillance and intervention of PrEP motivation in MSM can increase their adherence, and then promote PrEP efficacy.
Gender-affirming hormonal therapy induces a gender-concordant fecal metagenome transition in transgender individuals
Authors: Liwinski Timur , Auer Matthias K. , Schröder Johanna , Pieknik Ina , Casar Christian , Schwinge Dorothee , Henze Lara , Stalla Günter K. , Lang Undine E. , von Klitzing Alina , Briken Peer , Hildebrandt Thomas , Desbuleux Jeanne C. , Biedermann Sarah V. , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Bang Corinna , Schramm Christoph , Fuss Johannes
Published: September 2024

Background

Limited data exists regarding gender-specific microbial alterations during gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GAHT) in transgender individuals. This study aimed to investigate the nuanced impact of sex steroids on gut microbiota taxonomy and function, addressing this gap. We prospectively analyzed gut metagenome changes associated with 12 weeks of GAHT in trans women and trans men, examining both taxonomic and functional shifts.

Methods

Thirty-six transgender individuals (17 trans women, 19 trans men) provided pre- and post-GAHT stool samples. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to assess the changes in gut microbiota structure and potential function following GAHT.

Results

While alpha and beta diversity remained unchanged during transition, specific species, including Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Escherichia coli, exhibited significant abundance shifts aligned with affirmed gender. Overall functional metagenome analysis showed a statistically significant effect of gender and transition (R2 = 4.1%, P = 0.0115), emphasizing transitions aligned with affirmed gender, particularly in fatty acid-related metabolism.

Conclusions

This study provides compelling evidence of distinct taxonomic and functional profiles in the gut microbiota between trans men and women. GAHT induces androgenization in trans men and feminization in trans women, potentially impacting physiological and health-related outcomes.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02185274.