bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La medición de la ganancia mercantil en el Río de la Plata colonial: el caso de Diego de Agüero y Compañía (Río de la Plata, 1770-1820)
Authors: Martín Schlez Mariano
Published: November 2016

El artículo reconstruye las actividades mercantiles de uno de los principales comerciantes del Virreinato del Río de la Plata, el español Diego de Agüero, a lo largo de toda su actuación mercantil (1770-1820), con el objetivo de medir y analizar el origen de sus ganancias, así como ponderar la magnitud de su patrimonio. Para ello recurre a documentación serial (registros de navíos y protocolos notariales) y privada (correspondencia y documentación contable), proveniente de repositorios de Argentina, Uruguay, Brasil, Bolivia y España. De esta manera se prueba, para el caso analizado, la inexistencia de una tasa de ganancia, en el sentido contemporáneo del término, y la enorme disparidad de resultados en sus operaciones mercantiles, las que podían realizarse gracias a la existencia de un sistema social específico, que resistía el avance de la competencia mediante mecanismos extraeconómicos.
Entre la defensa y la intervención social: Estado, ciudadanía y pobreza en la ciudad de Concepción (Chile, 1890-1930)
Authors: León León Marco , Rojas Gómez Mauricio
Published: November 2016

Esta investigación busca entender al Estado chileno desde una triple dimensión: regional, relacional y constructiva; lo cual permite visualizar en un caso específico (la ciudad de Concepción) y en un tiempo determinado (el período 1890-1930), las particularidades de un modelo estatal no bien estudiado: el de Defensa Social, que presenta variaciones respecto de su antecedente decimonónico, el Estado Guardián, y de su sucesor natural: el Estado Benefactor. Las características y manifestaciones normativas e institucionales de dicho modelo, a nuestro entender, son evidenciables tanto en el área de salubridad mental y en el manicomio, como también en la función de vigilancia y protección que comienzan a desarrollar de manera complementaria la Intendencia, la Policía de Seguridad y la Oficina del Trabajo.
Adaptive Learning Environment System Based on Multi-event Driven Technology
Authors: Zhang Jun-chang
Published: November 2016

Intelligent tutoring systems （ITSs） offer considerable flexibility in presentation of material and a greater ability to respond to idiosyncratic student needs. A multi agent system for adaptive learning environment is proposed in this paper. The system is composed of Open Agent Architecture and the Plan model. Teacher and student interaction was measured with the application of the system. The results prove that the system is an effective scheme to resolve the problem between dynamic students’ needs of resources and static teaching resources.
Design of Multi-level Teaching System Based on Association Rule Mining
Authors: He Hong-yan , Zhang Hui-ping, , Luo Hong-fang
Published: November 2016

In order to improve the overall performance for the multi-level teaching system, a system with Multi-strata teaching is designed. It divides the whole class into smaller parts based on their knowledge level and learning ability and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. The system used the model of C/S, and applies ASP in the interactive user interface. The data mining algorithm is also presented in the study. The system was tested with practical data. The results show that with the teaching system teachers can separate students into different parts and get a very good idea about how much students can learn.
Personalized Teaching Platform Based on Web Data Mining
Authors: Wang Lan-zhong
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop a distance personalized teaching platform. The web data mining is used for the construction of the system and by analyzing the character of web data mining (WDM) and the essence of personalization teaching and instruction, based on WDM, The system contains knowledge base, individual database, WDM and web server four modules. The web data mining is used for the construction of the system and by analyzing the character of web data mining (WDM) and the essence of personalization teaching and instruction. Simulation results show that model has important enlightenment and pushing effect for promoting the individual service and improving teaching quality of modern distance education.
Culture visuelle et mémoire de l’esclavage : regards français sur les populations d’origine africaine dans le Brésil du XIXe siècle
Authors: Araujo Ana Lucia
Published: November 2016

Cet article analyse les contributions des peintres Jean-Baptiste Debret (1768–1848) et François-Auguste Biard (1799–1882) à la construction de l’image publique du Brésil. Comment ont-ils représenté les populations d’origine africaine et l’esclavage au Brésil ? Quelles sont les similarités et les différences entre leurs travaux ? L’analyse des contextes distincts de leurs séjours au Brésil et l’examen de celles de leurs gravures qui ont pour thème l’esclavage, permettent de préciser leur rôle dans la construction de la mémoire collective et de la mémoire publique de l’esclavage au Brésil.
Jean-Baptiste Debret : le livre comme « mission ». Autour du Voyage pittoresque et historique au Brésil
Authors: Leenhardt Jacques
Published: November 2016

Membre de la « Mission française » de 1816, Jean-Baptiste Debret ne s’en tient pas à son rôle de peintre officiel de la cour établie à Rio de Janeiro. Le regard qu’il porte sur le Brésil naissant s’exprime principalement dans l’ouvrage qu’il publie après son retour à Paris en 1831 : Voyage pittoresque et historique au Brésil (1834-1839). Ma contribution vise à mettre en évidence l’originalité de cet ouvrage, consacré à la vie quotidienne de la capitale. Elle montre l’importance qu’y prend la description des différentes strates sociales : la caste indienne, les esclaves, notamment les escravos de ganho, les Portugais et les nouveaux Brésiliens. À travers cet examen détaillé, par le texte et par l’image soigneusement commentée, Debret montre comment émergent les conditions politiques de la formation d’une nation métissée, organisée sous les lois d’une monarchie libérale. Le peintre s’est senti investi d’une véritable « mission », celle de faire voir, contre les tenants du statu quo, la dynamique collaborative des populations urbaines, ouvrant la voie à un Brésil postcolonial original.
D’abord peindre le prince : les conflits de Jean-Baptiste Debret et Nicolas-Antoine Taunay à la Cour de Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Dias Elaine
Published: November 2016

Les Français Jean-Baptiste Debret et Nicolas-Antoine Taunay furent des acteurs importants de l’histoire de l’art brésilien durant les premières décennies du XIXe siècle. Les deux artistes faisaient partie du projet d’enseignement de l’art conçu en 1816 par Joachim Lebreton, ancien secrétaire de la classe des Beaux-Arts de l’Institut de France au moment délicat de la chute de Napoléon et du retour au pouvoir des Bourbons. Au Brésil, Debret et Taunay essayèrent d’occuper le peu d’espace réservé aux artistes à la cour des Bragance dans un contexte social et politique qui connaissait une certaine instabilité, suite à l’acclamation de dom João VI Roi de Portugal, du Brésil et des Algarves, avec Rio de Janeiro pour capitale. Debret, qui briguait le premier poste de peintre de la cour, se flattait d’avoir représenté les principaux événements politiques de l’époque, réalisé le majestueux portrait du roi Dom João VI ainsi que, plus tard, celui de Dom Pedro I. Taunay s’était rapproché de la reine Carlota et avait sollicité la charge de professeur de dessin et de conservateur de ses œuvres d’art. Il avait pu réaliser un ensemble de portraits de la famille royale et un paysage historique. Il n’y avait cependant pas de place pour les deux peintres. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la production des deux artistes français au Brésil, avec une attention particulière pour le portrait, tout en analysant leur rôle politique à la cour, dans un milieu riche en conflits et intérêts contradictoires.
Les Muses de Tijuca : Portugais et Français à Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Migliaccio Luciano
Published: November 2016

L’historiographie de l’art au Brésil considère l’arrivée des artistes de la « Mission française » comme un événement fondateur qui aurait interrompu la tradition artistique coloniale et introduit des éléments caractéristiques de la modernité : institutions d’enseignement, expositions publiques, critique d’art. Cependant, si l’on considère la situation d’un point de vue interne à la culture figurative, dans le contexte de l’Empire colonial portugais, cette perspective peut se révéler erronée. Elle occulte la formation d’une civilisation artistique luso-brésilienne qui unissait aux traits persistants hérités du système social et religieux colonial, l’effort d’un renouvellement sur la base des ferments venus du réformisme illuministe. Cet article contribue à l’effort de compréhension des tensions entre artistes français et milieu culturel lusitanien au Brésil, à la lumière de la politique de promotion des arts mise en place par la couronne après son installation à Rio de Janeiro, politique qui conditionna jusqu’à l’implantation des modèles institutionnels inspirés par la France.
Redéfinition des récits urbains : analyse de deux déplacements du centre politique de Macapá (1944 et 1967)
Authors: Lobato Sidney
Published: November 2016

L’objectif de cet article est analyser deux expériences de déplacement du centre politique de la capitale du Territoire fédéral de l'Amapá (Macapá) sous le gouvernement de Janary Nunes (1944 à 1956) et celui d’Ivanhoé Martins (1967 à 1972). Les deux protagonistes utilisaient l'espace urbain pour construire leurs récits, fortement marqués par les idées de rupture de la temporalité, de retard social, voire de modernisation nationale et de solidarité. En somme, selon ces discours, les nouveaux bâtiments, places et voies publiques de la ville symbolisaient l’invitation faite au peuple d’obéir à son gouvernement et d’adhérer aux représentations du monde social proposé par ce dernier.
Ontology
Authors: Ghani Syed Raiyan
Published: November 2016

Library requires mighty technologies to support, sort and categorize information in the shortest span of time for better knowledge-tasks and decision-making. Ontology is one of the needs and adroitness which helps library users in acquiring better standardized vocabulary, better routes and better search. The chapter discusses how ontology libraries can process as a connection in modifying versatile users and diligence to reveal, judge, utilize, and disseminate the information overload. The Ontology–based Information Systems (IS) and Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) helps cognitive process of reaching a decision which are used to draw out user information and fuzzy ontologies are applied to store the accumulated knowledge.
Global Civic Engagement as an Empowering Device for Cross-Ethnic and Cross-Cultural Understanding in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Mei-Ying , Su Fu-hsing
Published: November 2016

This study observed the feasibility of a general education course in facilitating global civic engagement for twenty-six participants from a Taiwanese university. Such a commitment was considered crucial to the fostering of cross-ethnic and cross-cultural understanding of immigration and new immigrants as a global issue within the Taiwanese context. Oral presentations, film/video watching, and service learning sessions were arranged to promote critical appraisals of things, persons, and issues related to foreign ethnicities and cultures. Data of the study consisted of relevant writings produced by the participants. The results of analyses revealed that the participants developed an awareness of persons, things, and issues that were cross-ethnic or cross-cultural in nature. Consequently, they achieved attitudinal and perceptional change of foreign ethnicities or cultures or generated critical appraisals of specific things or issues. Additionally, a considerable number of them displayed motivational readiness for global civic engagement.
Productive Ambiguity
Authors: Shipe Rebecca L.
Published: November 2016

This chapter presents how a concept termed “productive ambiguity,” or the ability to transform encounters with difference into opportunities for personal growth, relates to nurturing cross-cultural understanding through experiences with art. While reporting on relevant components of her recent dissertation research, the author describes how a small group of fifth graders examined the concept of productive ambiguity while engaging in relational aesthetic experiences and responding to themes through both pictures and words. Research findings reveal specific facilitation strategies that promoted self-reflection and human connection through creating, viewing and dialoguing about visual art. While comparing study findings with additional literature presented in this chapter, the reader is encouraged to critically consider the positive outcomes gained from these interactions, potential facilitation challenges, and other implications for the field of art and visual culture education.
The Art of Climate Change
Authors: Smilan Cathy
Published: November 2016

A multi-faceted assignment in a course, Feminist Perspectives of Craft, guided students to investigate the thesis that global warming and climate change are feminist concerns using research, debate, studio inquiry and critique. After team debates, students created individual art pieces; the criteria were that the piece must articulate some aspect of the implications of climate change, human interaction with and responsibility for the environment, and include one or more aspects of the textile techniques that we were exploring in class. Living in a New England coastal community built upon fiber craft, textile and seafaring industry, these elements guided visual art exploration and lesson planning questioning how human interaction with the environment sustains the economy and how societies, in turn, must sustain our earth that provides for the community. Critiques of process and final artwork informed lesson planning about how decisions have far reaching impact extending to the global community.
Learning in Situ
Authors: Miraglia Kathy Marzilli
Published: November 2016

By examining the intersections of the critical and pedagogical theories of experiential learning, situated cognition and learning, communities of practice, and culture learning, this chapter examines how a short-term university sponsored summer study abroad art program in Italy addressed concerns for global citizenship and transformation, while implementing on-site courses in art history and painting. Students from a university art college traveled to Italy, studied within a community of learners, and practiced and applied their knowledge, techniques and skill to studio practices. Learning in situ, students constructed meaning from transformative encounters in this summer study abroad program in Italy.
Authentic Art and Cultural Learning Overseas
Authors: Hsieh Kevin
Published: November 2016

Developing the ability to adapt to local culture and to communicate with people of different ethnic backgrounds is considered an important global proficiency (or competency) for future global citizens. Menendez (2014) explained that global proficiency pertains to the decision makers of tomorrow and problem solvers of “global issues in social, political, cultural, economic and environment areas” (p. 180). By experiencing close interactions and connections with different cultures, students' global proficiency has become one of the most important and strategic goals for most educational institutions, as well as for college graduates seeking careers in a competitive global market. In order to provide students with opportunities to experience and learn about different local cultures in an authentic way, many universities offer faculty-led study abroad programs, which have become a popular complement to regular classroom learning for students.
Ground Control to Major Tom
Authors: Knochel Aaron D.
Published: November 2016

In this chapter I explore satellite seeing in the convergence of global visual culture as a human-satellite co-figuration. Satellites, Global Positioning Systems, and mobile devices are engaged as prosthetic extensions of an embodied experience that can augment the potential of place-based learning. I engage this co-figuration through Mirzoeff's (2000/2006) notion of intervisuality and diaspora, the work of contemporary artists Trevor Paglen and Jeremy Wood, and my experiences with graduate students in Helsinki, Finland in an intensive course that developed understandings of the city as a site of geographic and cultural identity while exploring ideas of public space and performative interventionist practices in art making. The relations of the human-satellite co-figuration give insight as to the convergence of the local as a scale of the global, imprinted with transcultural pathways for understanding how we are located in the world.
The Third Culture
Authors: Han Hsiao-Cheng (Sandrine)
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this research is to improve the understanding of how users of online virtual worlds learn and/or relearn ‘culture' through the use of visual components. The goal of this research is to understand if culturally and historically authentic imagery is necessary for users to understand the virtual world; how virtual world residents form and reform their virtual culture; and whether the visual culture in the virtual world is imported from the real world, colonized by any dominate culture, or assimilated into a new culture. The main research question is: Is the authenticity of cultural imagery important to virtual world residents? This research investigates whether visual culture awareness can help students develop a better understanding of visual culture in the real world, and whether this awareness can help educators construct better curricula and pedagogy for visual culture education.
A Typology of MOOCS
Authors: Colby Richard
Published: November 2016

Writing instruction MOOCs up until this point have tended to follow what has become expected of a MOOC in that they convey content first and foremost, or they have attempted to translate a traditional classroom space into an online space. While there is nothing inherently wrong with such practices, this chapter argues that there are opportunities for us to rethink the possibilities of an online space for writing instruction by considering what the benefits and drawbacks of three current MOOC models while also proposing two more. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future MOOC iterations.
Getting “Girly” Online
Authors: Almjeld Jen
Published: November 2016

While MOOCs and other fully online educational spaces and tools continue to proliferate at institutions of higher education, some worry over a persistent gender gap in online learning (Paul, 2014; Straumsheim, 2013). As debate continues regarding the existence of a digital gender divide, the perception of the gap may be enough to give female learners the idea that digital learning spaces are not for them. Females particularly may be silenced in MOOCs and other online spaces not by instructors or fellow learners, but by cultural expectations. I offer here reflections on two fully online girlhood studies courses interrogating notions of gender performance, norms, and scripts as successful models for positioning gender disparity as a teaching tool rather than a barrier to learning. The piece ends with six recommendations—most rooted in feminist pedagogy—for making MOOCs more welcoming to all genders and learners.
Contact and Interactivity in Televised Learning
Authors: Steffen Virginia Tucker
Published: November 2016

This chapter revisits earlier studies on interactive television performed at the same institution in order observe any changes that may have occurred in the types of interaction and contact that students in these types of distance courses experience. This study also compares the findings to an asynchronous, web-based distance course to better understand how interaction and contact change across delivery methods. Findings suggest that little has changed in the ITV classroom, with results being very similar to the original study. When comparing ITV results to the asynchronous class, findings show that, while contact may be lessened due to the lack of synchronous presence, there are still instances of lively interaction that can occur. Asynchronous students do, however, wish for increased use of video-based delivery of course content.
Problematic Partnerships
Authors: Branson Tyler
Published: November 2016

This essay analyzes the rhetorical function of partnership in the creation and administration of three first-year composition MOOCs taught at institutions that were recipients of grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2012-2013. Specifically, the author analyzes partnerships with MOOC developers Coursera and teams of academics at Duke, Georgia Tech, and Ohio State. These composition MOOCs are examples of problematic partnerships, or collaborations between academics and powerful groups, individuals, or companies that may have interests related to, but not necessarily in step with, academics' own disciplinary agendas. Ultimately, the author argues that despite significant risks, problematic partnerships can be potentially productive sites of research, teaching, and collaboration. Moreover, problematic partnerships can also potentially function as vital pockets where practitioners can leverage institutional collaborations to create new knowledge about writing and writing pedagogy and ultimately keep the field engaged in important public issues related to writing.
Training Instructors to Teach Multimodal Composition in Online Courses
Authors: Bourelle Tiffany , Hewett Beth L.
Published: November 2016

This chapter addresses practical strategies for training teachers to teach multimodal composition in online courses. Specifically, trainers should focus on at least four skill sets: developing and scaffolding multimodal assignments; creating multimodal instructional tools; incorporating technology labs within the curriculum; and adopting and adapting the multimodal ePortfolio as a reflective document for showcasing student learning. Teachers particularly benefit from these skill sets, which enable them to guide students in acquiring such multimodal literacies as learning to design rhetorically effective multimodal projects for various audiences and purposes. The chapter offers theoretical and practical advice for trainers where the instruction will occur in online settings as well as the training itself. This advice also is useful for teachers of face-to-face (onsite) multimodal courses when using a robust learning management system (LMS) for student support.
Challenging Evaluation
Authors: McEachern Robert W.
Published: November 2016

When MOOCs exploded into the public consciousness in 2012, many supporters touted their potential to disrupt higher education. In a short time, MOOCs have evolved, and that role as radical change agents seems to have faded. However, the use of Hybrid MOOCs, in which onground courses use MOOCs for some or all of their content, does have the potential to be disruptive, albeit on a smaller scale. This article will describe one Hybrid MOOC and the ways it could be used to disrupt individual pedagogy, and perhaps affect larger change as a result.
Association Rules-Based Analysis in Multidimensional Clusters
Authors: Khare Neelu , Rajput Dharmendra S. , D Preethi
Published: November 2016

Many approaches for identifying potentially interesting items exploiting commonly used techniques of multidimensional data analysis. There is a great need for designing association-rule mining algorithms that will be scalable not only with the number of records (number of rows) in a cluster but also among domain's size (number of dimensions) in a cluster to focus on the domains. Where the items belong to domain is correlated with each other in a way that the domain is clustered into classes with a maximum intra-class similarity and a minimum inter-class similarity. This property can help to significantly used to prune the search space to perform efficient association-rule mining. For finding the hidden correlation in the obtained clusters effectively without losing the important relationship in the large database clustering techniques can be followed by association rule mining to provide better evaluated clusters.
Data Clustering and Various Clustering Approaches
Authors: Mehrotra Shashi , Kohli Shruti
Published: November 2016

It is needed to organize the data in different groups for various purposes, where clustering is useful. The chapter covers Data Clustering in the detail, which includes; introduction to data clustering with figures, data clustering process, basic classification of clustering and applications of clustering, describing hard partition clustering and fuzzy clustering. Some most commonly used clustering method are explained in the chapter with their features, advantages, and disadvantages. A various variant of K-Means and extension method of hierarchical clustering method, density-based clustering method and grid-based clustering method are covered.
On the Implementation of a Digital Image Watermarking Framework Using Saliency and Phase Congruency
Authors: Basu Abhishek , Talukdar Susmita
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a saliency and phase congruency based digital image watermarking scheme has been projected. The planned technique implants data at least significant bits (LSBs) by means of adaptive replacement. Here more information is embedded into less perceptive areas within the original image determined by a combination of spectral residual saliency map and phase congruency map. The position of pixels with less perceptibility denotes the most unimportant region for data hiding from the point of visibility within an image. Therefore any modification within these regions will be less perceptible to one observer. The model gives a concept of the areas which has excellent data hiding capacity within an image. Superiority of the algorithm is tested through imperceptibility, robustness, along with data hiding capacity.
Monte Carlo Simulation for Integrated Cost-Schedule Risk Analysis
Authors: Hulett David Todd
Published: November 2016

Evidence shows that project costs and schedules often overrun their initial plans. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the most recent tools and methodologies available today in the application of Monte Carlo simulation techniques to quantify possible overruns in cost and schedule and to understand the sources of those overruns to facilitate risk mitigation actions. Notable methods described include the Risk Driver method, collecting risk data using individual confidential interviews, and use of iterative risk prioritization that facilitates risk focused risk mitigation. Emphasis is placed on the quality of the project schedule and on the quality of the risk data used. The use of prioritization of pre-mitigated for risk mitigation strategies shows how the methodology can be used as a dynamic tool of successful project management.
Risk Based Contingency in Project Cost Estimates
Authors: Malik Mohammed Shafique
Published: November 2016

Project Cost estimation is carried out for making investment decisions. Cost estimation is carried out during different phases of the project. Contingency in cost estimation is an important factor before releasing final cost estimate for formal approval of the project by senior management. Major Petrochemical companies use risk-based contingency calculation instead of following a standard practice of adding a certain fixed percentage to the final project cost estimate. In this chapter, cost contingency calculation methodology has been elaborated by conducting case study of a sample project. The methodology described here uses famous tool of Monte Carlo for simulation. It is pragmatic approach to calculate required cost contingency in the project cost estimate, based upon the particular project risks as compared to simply following rule of adding fixed percentage of the estimate as cost contingency in overall project cost estimate.
Project Complexity for the Uninitiated
Authors: Gul Saleem , Williams Terry
Published: November 2016

Complexity is a difficult concept to grasp. This chapter aims to provide a quick but thorough overview of the field of complexity for those project professionals and researchers who are interested in working with complex systems. In an effort to clearly express the constituent ontological world view of complexity a funneling approach is employed in this chapter i.e. the discussion is presented in the manner of going from the general to the specific. The chapter first presents a discussion on complexity in general and differentiates between complex, complicated, and simple systems. Then the discussion moves into the complexity within the domain of projects. The thoughts constituting project complexity are presented from the perspective of ‘complexity of projects' and ‘complexity in projects'. Along the way the chapter also proposes a framework of complexity that may prove useful for understanding complexity further. After reading this chapter the reader will be in a better position to understand the contemporary debates in the literature on complexity.
Improving Objectivity in Project Risk Management
Authors: Shang Kailan
Published: November 2016

Project risk management requires subject matter expertise to identify and assess relevant and sometimes unique risks. Insufficient experience data and fast evolvement of emerging risks in the field of project risk management make qualitative analysis more prevalent in project risk assessment. Therefore, expert knowledge and experience play a critical role in project risk management. On the other hand, the resulting subjectivity often leads to inconsistent risk assessment. Undesired consequences include cost underestimation, risk underestimation and resource misallocation. This chapter discusses the causes and adverse impact of subjectivity in project risk management and methods to improve objectivity. It covers common human biases in project risk management and introduces measures to improve objectivity in project risk management using expert diversification, risk culture, process mining, fuzzy logic models, and back testing.
Modeling Risk and Opportunity Reality
Authors: Townley Tom W.
Published: November 2016

The author of this chapter worked for 42 years in the construction industry. Employed by a company with great leadership, vision and values. The author was able to evolve from the pencil and paper applications to the latest in data acquisition, analysis and modeling. Simulation modeling and business science were successfully applied to many business functions with significant results in predicting risk and uncertainty ranges before bids, projects and investment decisions were complete. Included in this chapter are samples of Strategic Bidding, Cost (Range) Estimating, Scheduling, Project Management/Control, and Corporate Resource Management. Business processes can be measured for Stability, Capability and Predictability. Consistently balancing decisions within the upper and lower control limits, using valid reasoning for taking advantage of risk or opportunity will usually guarantee long term success. Reality can be a friend if it is measured and applied with the right expectations. Modeling creates the environment for tapping into substance and understanding.
A Review of Outline on Spectroscopic vis-a-vis Geochemical Study of Earth Analogues for Mars
Authors: Chattoraj Shovan L.
Published: November 2016

It is widely recognized that interpretations about the planet Mars must begin by using Earth as a reference, because Earth analogues can provide ground truth to constrain interpretations on the geological history of Mars. Fortunately, Deccan Basalt and its derivatives, exposed in Kutch area of Gujarat, can be considered as best candidate from Indian subcontinent to approximate this analogue in terms of petrology, stratigraphy and geochemical similarity. It is believed that Deccan Volcanic province with its extensive volcanic plains, cones and craters as well as abundant hydrous sulphates of secondary origin, approximates the geological, geomorphological and environmental conditions on the Mars.
Debris Flow Modelling and Risk Assessment of Selected Landslides from Uttarakhand- Case Studies using Earth Observation Data
Authors: Chattoraj Shovan L.
Published: November 2016

Presently demand for process based modelling of mass movements encompassing snow avalanche, debris flows, landslides, mud flows and rock falls has increased manifold due to their devastating effect and mitigation challenges of disasters caused by such phenomena. Debris flows are multi-phase gravity-driven flows consisting of randomly dispersed interacting phases and therefore, are, extremely challenging to predict the dynamics, run-out distance and area of inundation related to such events which will facilitate mitigation as well as evaluation of simulated scenarios. The numerical simulation model predicts the motion of a geophysical mass movement from head to base in three dimensions. These process-based 3-D models can be utilized for better understanding of vulnerability of a complex mountainous terrain and design appropriate civil engineering structures to withstand the impact of potential flows like Ukhimath, Uttarkashi and Kedarnath.
Space-Time Integrated Landslide Hazard Zonation near Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Rana Pooja , Chockalingam Jeganathan , Pandey Arvind Chandra
Published: November 2016

The study aims to predict landslide hazard zones near Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand State located in the Western Himalayas in India. Four different models were analysed: Weight Factor Model (M1), Multiple Factor Model (M2), Statistical Bivariate model (M3) and Analytical Hierarchical Processes (AHP) model (M4). Five different combination of reference landslides were used for deriving weights of the classes in the factor maps: all the landslides from 1990, 2002 & 2010 (C1); landslides from 2010 (C2); landslides from 1990 & 2002 (C3); landslides located within 500m from roads (C4); landslides located beyond 500m from roads (C5). The accuracy resulted from each model in each combination was [Mn:C1, C2…Cn]: M1: 60,44,46,38,66%; M2:70,76,79,73,71%; M3:45,37,23,36,85%; M4:64,51,51,64,36%. Multiple Factor Model (M2) resulted in a consistently high accuracy in all the combinations. Finally, the 20 different model outputs were integrated to derive unified hazard zonation maps based on: (a) mean (85% accuracy), (b) penalisation (57% accuracy) and (c) k-means cluster (80% accuracy) approaches.
Land Use - Terrain Correlations in the Piedmont Tract of Eastern India
Authors: Sarkar Ashis , Patel Priyank Pravin
Published: November 2016

The Dulung River flows across West Bengal and Jharkhand in India. The geographical variables present within the basin area are categorised into groups like Physiographic, Morphometric and Land Use-Land Cover (LULC) attributes. These facets are mapped and overlain in a GIS environment and correlations drawn between them. Factor Scores obtained through Principal Component Analysis are further compared and correlated. The different variables are fused to obtain a comprehensive grouping of the above three facets that is reflective of the overall terrain attributes and its overlying LULC classes. Through this, within the Dulung River Basin, three broad Physiographic-Soil-Land Use Units (PSLUs) are identified, which comprise of the structural ridges and residual hills, piedmont plains and floodplains. For further insight into existing LULC-landform relations, select villages across the basin landscape are examined in detail. The relations derived help in suggesting possible land management practices in this region.
Vulnerabilities and Threats in Smart Grid Communication Networks
Authors: Lopes Yona , Fernandes Natalia Castro , Bornia de Castro Tiago , Farias Vitor dos Santos , Noce Julia Drummond , Marques João Pedro , Muchaluat-Saade Débora Christina
Published: November 2016

Advances in smart grids and in communication networks allow the development of an interconnected system where information arising from different sources helps building a more reliable electrical network. Nevertheless, this interconnected system also brings new security threats. In the past, communication networks for electrical systems were restrained to closed and secure areas, which guaranteed network physical security. Due to the integration with smart meters, clouds, and other information sources, physical security to network access is no longer available, which may compromise the electrical system. Besides smart grids bring a huge growth in data volume, which must be managed. In order to achieve a successful smart grid deployment, robust network communication to provide automation among devices is necessary. Therefore, outages caused by passive or active attacks become a real threat. This chapter describes the main architecture flaws that make the system vulnerable to attacks for creating energy disruptions, stealing energy, and breaking privacy.
Security Issues of Communication Networks in Smart Grid
Authors: Toor Gurbakshish Singh , Ma Maode
Published: November 2016

The evolution of the traditional electricity infrastructure into smart grids promises more reliable and efficient power management, more energy aware consumers and inclusion of renewable sources for power generation. These fruitful promises are attracting initiatives by various nations all over the globe in various fields of academia. However, this evolution relies on the advances in the information technologies and communication technologies and thus is inevitably prone to various risks and threats. This work focuses on the security aspects of HAN and NAN subsystems of smart grids. The chapter presents some of the prominent attacks specific to these subsystems, which violate the specific security goals requisite for their reliable operation. The proposed solutions and countermeasures for these security issues presented in the recent literature have been reviewed to identify the promising solutions with respect to the specific security goals. The paper is concluded by presenting some of the challenges that still need to be addressed.
Denial of Service Attack on Protocols for Smart Grid Communications
Authors: Roy Swapnoneel
Published: November 2016

In this work, a denial of service (DoS) attack known as the clogging attack has been performed on three different modern protocols for smart grid (SG) communications. The first protocol provides authentication between smart meters (SM) and a security and authentication server (SAS). The second protocol facilitates secure and private communications between electric vehicles (EV) and the smart grid. The third protocol is a secure and efficient key distribution protocol for the smart grid. The protocols differ in either their applications (authentication, key distribution), or their ways of communications (usage of encryption, hashes, timestamps etc.). But they are similar in their purpose of design (for the smart grid) and their usage of computationally intensive mathematical operations (modular exponentiation, ECC) to implement security. Solutions to protect these protocols against this attack are then illustrated along with identifying the causes behind the occurrence of this vulnerability in SG communication protocols in general.
A Study on M2M (Machine to Machine) System and Communication
Authors: Ahmad Rami Haidar , Pathan Al-Sakib Khan
Published: November 2016

The increase of the applications of numerous innovative technologies and associated devices has brought forward various new concepts like Cyber-Physical System (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), Smart environment, Smart cities, and so on. While the boundary lines between these concepts and technologies are often kind of blur and perhaps, each one's development is helping the development of the other, M2M (Machine to Machine) communication would surely play a great role as a key enabler of all these emerging scenarios. When we see the same smart concept from different angles; for instance, from the participating device, or human being's angle, we get different definitions and concept-specific standards. In this chapter, our objective is to study M2M system and communication along with its security issues and intrusion detection systems. We have also proposed our framework in line with the standardization efforts for tackling security issues of M2M.
Infrequent Pattern Identification in SCADA Systems Using Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Ahmed Mohiuddin
Published: November 2016

In recent years, it has been revealed that these critical infrastructures such as SCADA systems have been the target of cyber-terrorism. In general cyber-attacks are infrequent in nature and hence infrequent pattern identification in SCADA systems is an important research issue. Therefore, design and development of an efficient infrequent pattern detection technique is a research priority. In this chapter, the effectiveness of co-clustering which is advantageous over regular clustering for creating more fine-grained representation of the data and computationally efficient is explored for infrequent pattern identification in SCADA systems. A multi-stage co-clustering based infrequent pattern detection technique is proposed and applied on seven benchmark SCADA datasets which includes practical industrial datasets. The proposed method shows its superiority over existing clustering based techniques in terms of computational complexity which is essential for practical deployment in a SCADA framework.
CYRAN
Authors: Hallaq Bil , Nicholson Andrew , Smith Richard , Maglaras Leandros , Janicke Helge , Jones Kevin
Published: November 2016

Cyber Security of ICS/SCADA systems is a major aspect of current research focus. Cyber Ranges and Test-beds can serve as means of vulnerability and threat analysis of real SCADA systems with low costs. Significantly lacking from current research, is detailed documentation of the decision process and the potential difficulties that need to be considered when undertaking the creation of a Cyber Range (CR) in order to facilitate the capture of labelled datasets which is included in this paper. This paper makes several further contributions; a review of Cyber Ranges created by Academic Institutions that influenced the criteria in creating CYRAN, the De Montfort University CYber RANge. The article presents the design implementation, the process of creating effective rules of engagement, the management and running of a Cyber Range Event (CRE) with partners from Industry and Academia and the creation of labelled datasets.
Dimensional Music Emotion Recognition by Machine Learning
Authors: Bai Junjie , Feng Lixiao , Peng Jun , Shi Jinliang , Luo Kan , Li Zuojin , Liao Lu , Wang Yingxu
Published: November 2016

Music emotion recognition (MER) is a challenging field of studies that has been addressed in multiple disciplines such as cognitive science, physiology, psychology, musicology, and arts. In this paper, music emotions are modeled as a set of continuous variables composed of valence and arousal (VA) values based on the Valence-Arousal model. MER is formulated as a regression problem where 548 dimensions of music features were extracted and selected. A wide range of methods including multivariate adaptive regression spline, support vector regression (SVR), radial basis function, random forest regression (RFR), and regression neural networks are adopted to recognize music emotions. Experimental results show that these regression algorithms have led to good regression effect for MER. The optimal R2 statistics and VA values are 29.3% and 62.5%, respectively, which are obtained by the RFR and SVR algorithms in the relief feature space.
Introducing Eco Friendly Corporate System
Authors: Bhadra Somasree , Kundu Anirban
Published: November 2016

In this paper new services in Green Computing environment is introduced. Energy and power is saved in an efficient manner using proposed services. These services are still undefined to the researchers in most of the cases. A typical framework of a hierarchical structure, consisting of several levels of activities, for typical software related corporate office is considered as case study to implement services. Each type of services is shown with an example which is interrelated with the corporate office scenario. The authors' aim is to produce an energy efficient and power savings method in computing environment.
High Performance CGM-based Parallel Algorithms for the Optimal Binary Search Tree Problem
Authors: Tchendji Vianney Kengne , Myoupo Jean Frederic , Dequen Gilles
Published: November 2016

In this paper, the authors highlight the existence of close relations between the execution time, efficiency and number of communication rounds in a family of CGM-based parallel algorithms for the optimal binary search tree problem (OBST). In this case, these three parameters cannot be simultaneously improved. The family of CGM (Coarse Grained Multicomputer) algorithms they derive is based on Knuth's sequential solution running in time and space, where n is the size of the problem. These CGM algorithms use p processors, each with local memory. In general, the authors show that each algorithms runs in with communications rounds. is the granularity of their model, and is a parameter that depends on and . The special case of yields a load-balanced CGM-based parallel algorithm with communication rounds and execution steps. Alternately, if , they obtain another algorithm with better execution time, say , the absence of any load-balancing and communication rounds, i.e., not better than the first algorithm. The authors show that the granularity has a crucial role in the different techniques they use to partition the problem to solve and study the impact of each scheduling algorithm. To the best of their knowledge, this is the first unified method to derive a set of parameter-dependent CGM-based parallel algorithms for the OBST problem.
Tacit Knowledge Management Within Hospitality Establishments
Authors: Avdimiotis Spyros
Published: November 2016

Tacit knowledge is a concept developed in connection with knowledge management research field. It is acknowledged as the cornerstone of competitive advantage; however, merely its possession does not guarantee an edge in fierce competition. Even though tacit knowledge holds a dominative role towards labor efficiency, productivity and innovation, the subject of tacit knowledge acquisition and transfer has been rather unexploited, mostly due to its intrinsic, highly personal and seamlessly bonded to holder's personality, attributes. The purpose of the article is to contribute to the exploitation of the embedded tacit knowledge of employees in hospitality establishments, a sector where the employment of tacit knowledge has to be extensive and foremost, capitalizing the maximum of personnel competences. Moreover, the paper correlates tacit knowledge acquisition and transfer, with behaviors stemming from a working environment where task assignment is adjusted to employees personal characteristics. Towards this goal, research hypotheses were built and tested, using SEM Methodology.
Establishing Academic-Industry Partnerships
Authors: Lancaster Amber L. , Yeats Dave
Published: November 2016

Emphasizing a transdisciplinary research model for distributed usability testing, this article offers a case study for establishing successful academic-industry partnerships. The authors describe the collaboration process between the co-investigators in this partnership: the UX researchers, the user participants, and the stakeholders at the industry company. The authors explain how they used the transdisciplinary research model to write a winning proposal for collaboration and then highlight how the benefits of a transdisciplinary research model were realized in practice. The implications of the authors' findings support developing UX curriculum and pedagogy in ways that emphasize real-world application tied to transdisciplinary research teams and formal, distributed usability testing.