bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Aggregate Composition of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures to Ensure Maximum Density
Authors: Afanasenka A. A.
Published: June 2024

high strength and stability of asphalt concrete, but also at ensuring optimal characteristics of its structure.

The main principles for the optimization of the grain composition are based on the parameters of the size and shape of thе stone aggregate particles included in the composition of asphalt concrete mixtures. An in-depth analysis of the grain composition helps to achieve an optimal balance between coarse and fine fractions, which in turn ensures the stability and durability of the asphalt concrete pavement. The maximum density of an asphalt concrete mixture  plays a key role, influen-cing its physical and mechanical properties and ability to withstand aggressive environmental influences and traffic loads. In addition, the density of the mixture significantly affects its resistance to static and dynamic loads  and deformations, which is important for ensuring road safety. The paper provides an analytical review of the basic principles and methodology for determining the grain composition of fine-grained asphaltic concrete mixtures with grain sizes up to 10 mm in order to achieve their maximum density. Both domestic and foreign methods for optimizing mixture design parameters are considered. Based on the consideration of ideal mathematical curves the grain composition, the main regularity for fine-grained asphalt concrete has been established, which has similar parameters to the mathematical Fourier curve. Understanding and practical application of the principles of constructing the grain composition of asphalt concrete mixtures of maximum density not only improves the quality of road construction, but also contributes to a more efficient use of resources, ensuring the stability and durability of the pavement. This leads to a reduction in road maintenance and repair costs, which is an important  aspect in the context of the economic efficiency of infrastructure projects. Thus, improving the methods for investigating and controlling the grain composition of asphalt concrete is important for the sustainable development of road construction.
Guide for Aquifer Recharge Through Deep Injection Wells in Karst Environments: Case Study Los Elizondo Gallery, Mexico
Authors: ahuja gerardo augusto montemayor
Published: June 2024

The challenges posed by the various factors that affect the loss of surface and underground aquifers worldwide,
specifically in Mexico, are increasingly severe. This has forced scientists and technicians to look for alternatives
to conserve, sustain, and ensure the sustainability of liquid deposits, whether surface or underground in nature.
Based on the above, it was proposed to evaluate the technical and technological feasibility of constructing a
well for the artificial injection of water into the subsoil in the Los Elizondo Gallery in the Huajuco area. The
objective was to provide a technical and technological guide for the planning, design, and development of
groundwater conservation by deep injection. The methodology corresponded to a feasible project, in which the
procedures for the construction of the artificial water injection well to underground causes were followed. The
technical and technological feasibility of the construction of the well was evaluated, including the examination
of the geological and hydrological conditions of the area, as well as the available technologies and materials
that can be used to build the well. The execution of the project led to the determination that the construction of
a well for the artificial injection of water into the subsoil is technically and technologically feasible in the area
of the Los Elizondo Gallery. Once the appropriate procedures were applied, the Guide for aquifer recharge
through deep injection wells in karst environments was developed: a case study Los Elizondo Gallery, Mexico.
Road-associated variation in insect abundance differs between common orders
Authors: Sempe Suzan , Sole Catherine , Haussmann Natalie
Published: June 2024

The ecological impacts of roads are well-researched for many vertebrates, but studies are relatively lacking with regards to invertebrates. Here, we document changes in the abundance of ground-dwelling species of the three most common insect orders, Hymenoptera (specifically ants), Hemiptera (true bugs) and Coleoptera (beetles), with distance from a gravel road in a grassland system in South Africa. Insects were collected by means of 164 pitfall traps installed at 2, 5, 10 and 20 m perpendicular to a gravel road, and abundances of these three orders were compared statistically between the four distances. Whereas no differences in the numbers of Hymenoptera and Coleoptera were observed with distance from road, the abundance of Hemiptera was greater closer to the road. Although contrary to our initial expectation, this finding is in line with previous studies, which explore changes in plant chemistry and reduced predator efficiency next to roads as possible mechanisms. We conclude that not only busy, high-traffic roads should be taken into account in roadside ecological studies on insects, but that quieter, low-traffic roads should also be considered, as these can also affect the distribution of species at finer spatial scales.
Policy and process for returning raw genomic data to parents and young adult participants in a pediatric cancer precision medicine trial.
Authors: Barlow-Stewart Kristine , Barlow-Stewart Kristine , Courtney Eliza , Cowley Mark , Ebzery Camron , Bolanos Noemi Fuentes , Gifford Andrew , Harden Hazel , Josephi-Taylor Sarah , Kotecha Rishi , Mateos Marion , Manzur Mitali , Mayoh Chelsea , Milnes Dianne , Nielsen Jane , O'Connor Matthew , Padhye Bhavna , Pitman Catherine , Pitman Elizabeth , Pinese Mark , Speechly Catherine , Sullivan Ashleigh , Trahair Toby , Tucker Katherine , Tyrrell Vanessa , Warby Meera , Wood Andrew , Ziegler David , Johnston Carolyn
Published: June 2024

Sharing raw genomic data with research participants is not universally mandated. Yet, in padiatric cancer precision medicine clinical trials settings, parents proactively seeking treatment and answers to causation may request return of their child’s raw data and/or biospecimen. To satisfy such requests with ethical, timely and appropriate responses, the ZERO Childhood Cancer Program required development of a Policy and Process document. Development occurred iteratively: V1 from the literature; V2-4 following a modified Delphi expert consultation over three Rounds; V5-6 following two rounds of consumer consultation; and a final ethically approved V7: Policy (purpose; background; ethical considerations), Process (nine steps), leaflet for those making a request and consent form. Twenty-one Delphi experts (71% pediatric oncologists/hematologists, clinical geneticists/genetic counsellors – most likely involved with requests) achieved consensus (> 80%) by Round 3. Issues addressed included broadening ethical considerations (autonomy/child’s best interests, beneficence/clinical utility, non-maleficence, reciprocity, responsibility to genetic relatives); no obligation on treating clinicians to act on therapeutic recommendations arising; limiting practical barriers to return by streamlining the process. Consumer consultations highlighted need for expected turnaround times, given no reportable or actionable findings may trigger requests; acknowledging potential great value of subsequent analysis/interpretation; and supporting parental empowerment by facilitating meeting with a study genetic counselor (or equivalent), separate from their treating clinician, if preferred, to manage their request. Informed by expert consensus and consumer views, this guide to fulfilling data sharing requests, in a spirit of reciprocity between researchers and participants/parents/guardians, may be a model for other research groups and inform ethical guidelines.
Phytoremediation potential of forage grasses in copper-contaminated environments
Authors: Daniel Eduardo da Silva , Rosini Daniely Neckel , Winter Fabio Luis , Silva Andrei de Souza da , Sbrissia André Fischer , Primieri Silmar , CAMPOS MARI LUCIA
Published: June 2024

Human activities have considerably increased copper (Cu). This study evaluated the potential of copper phytoextraction in competing and resource-conserving plants. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with eight tropical forage grasses, at two levels of Cu in the nutrient solution: 0.3 and 20 µmol L− 1. Variables of plant morphogenesis, leaf area measurements, SPAD index, total length, area, volume and average diameter of roots, specific leaf area, specific root area, root density, root length density, specific root length were evaluated, and the relationship between leaf and stem and roots and shoots. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and test of means. Forage grasses did not maintain their functional groups at the highest copper concentrations. The promising species for phytoremediation of copper contaminated areas were marandu, piatã and giant missioneira grass.
Comparison of WASH with Flood Perception among Rural and Urban Communities in Kota Tinggi, Malaysia.
Authors: Hamid Aminiril Anisah Abdul , Kwa Yee Chu , Suboh Norlilawati , Sing Cindy Lee Ik , Wei Dominic Kay Shuen , Walsh Claire , Goodson Michaela Louise
Published: June 2024

The United Nations aimed to provide safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) around the world, but flooding in Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia, may cause the country to miss its population coverage target of 92–97% by 2030. Due to limited access to clean water and sanitation, Kota Tinggi's rural communities faced significant WASH challenges, resulting in the spread of waterborne diseases. Meanwhile, worsening flooding in Kota Tinggi's town area may cause damage to WASH infrastructure, disrupting clean water and sanitation services in urban areas. The study sought to compare WASH provision in rural and urban areas, as well as to identify knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours concerning flooding, flood prevention, and water-related infectious diseases. We surveyed 30 and 50 households from rural and urban areas in Kota Tinggi respectively. The findings revealed that both communities practiced safe drinking water, but at varying levels of sanitation facility availability, with urban areas proving to be more prosperous than rural areas. There was a significant difference in flood knowledge and perceived flood risk between rural and urban communities, resulting in different levels of flood preparedness. To summarize, improving WASH provision and flood preparedness in Kota Tinggi requires a tailored approach that addresses the specific needs of both rural and urban communities.
Changes of nestling ringing dates in nine bird species over seven decades
Authors: Reiczigel Jenő , Erős Nándor , Szabó Alfréd , Vadas Anita-Bernadett , Rózsa Lajos
Published: June 2024

Climate change co-occurs with an advancement of avian breeding season (indexed as laying dates or fledging dates) in the temperate zone, suggesting a causality between them. Here, we investigate whether the long-term shifts in nestling (chick) ringing dates also mirror this phenomenon. This index is biased by inherent shortcomings, such as the non-independence of dates (in nestmates, colony members), poor accuracy (long period suitable for ringing), and strange shape of distributions. These shortcomings can be reduced by applying the median of annual ringing dates as an index of breeding phenology. The advantage of this index is that data are available for long periods and large sample sizes. By accepting certain compromise between statistical discipline and fieldwork realities, we examined changes in the breeding phenology of 9 bird species from 1951 to 2020 in Hungary. We found that the annual median of ringing dates advanced significantly (by 9–14 days) in the Black-headed Gull, Common Kestrel, Barn Swallow, Great Tit, and Eurasian Blue Tit. Contrarily, no significant (all P > 0.16) changes occurred in the case of the Common Tern, Black-crowned Night-heron, Common Buzzard, and Long-eared Owl. We also found that the proportion of Great Tits’ second brood has been reduced in recent decades.
Epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis and treatment effect of rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (RR-PTB) in Guizhou province
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Jinlan , Hu Yong , Li Shijun
Published: June 2024

Background
Rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (RR-PTB) presents a significant threat to global public health security. China bears a substantial burden of RR-PTB cases globally, with Guizhou Province experiencing particularly alarming trends, marked by a continual increase in patient numbers. Understanding the population characteristics and treatment modalities for RR-PTB is crucial for mitigating morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.
Methods
We gathered epidemiological, diagnostic, and treatment data of all RR-PTB cases recorded in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2023. Utilizing composition ratios as the analytical metric, we employed Chi-square tests to examine the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of RR-PTB patients and the evolving trends among different patient classifications over the study period.
Results
In our study, 3396 cases of RR-PTB were analyzed, with an average age of 45 years. The number of RR-PTB patients rose significantly from 176 in 2017 to 960 in 2023, peaking notably among individuals aged 23–28 and 44–54, with a rising proportion in the 51–80 age group (P < 0.001). Since 2021, there has been a notable increase in the proportion of female patients. While individuals of Han nationality comprised the largest group, their proportion decreased over time (P < 0.001). Conversely, the Miao ethnicity showed an increasing trend (P < 0.05). The majority of patients were farmers, with their proportion showing an upward trajectory (P < 0.001), while students represented 4.33% of the cases. Geographically, most patients were registered in Guiyang and Zunyi, with a declining trend (P < 0.001), yet household addresses primarily clustered in Bijie, Tongren, and Zunyi. The proportion of floating population patients gradually decreased, alongside an increase in newly treated patients and those without prior anti-tuberculosis therapy. Additionally, there was a notable rise in molecular biological diagnostic drug sensitivity (P < 0.001). However, the cure rate declined, coupled with an increasing proportion of RR-PTB patients lost to follow-up and untreated (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Enhanced surveillance is crucial for detecting tuberculosis patients aged 23–28 and 44–54 years. The distribution of cases varies among nationalities and occupations, potentially influenced by cultural and environmental factors. Regional patterns in RR-PTB incidence suggest tailored prevention and control strategies are necessary. Despite molecular biology advances, challenges persist with low cure rates and high loss to follow-up. Strengthening long-term management, resource allocation, and social support systems for RR-PTB patients is essential.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Follicular Lymphoma Grade 3A: A real-world study in a single centre
Authors: Ye Xingnong , Xu Gaixiang , Li Xia , Wei Juying , Zhang Xuewu , Zhang Xiang , Zhu Yanan , Lv Yunfei , Xiao Feng , Yang Chunmei , Zhou De , Xie Wanzhuo , Huang Jian , Lou Yinjun , Mao Liping , Yang Min , Mai Wenyuan , Meng Haitao , Jin Jie , Yu Wenjuan , Tong Hongyan
Published: June 2024

Purpose Follicular lymphoma (FL) is common subtype of indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). However, there is no consensus on the management of FL grade 3A (FL3A). Methods We performed a real-world study of newly diagnosed FL patients from January 2013 to December 2022. we collected the clinical data of FL3A patients to analyse the correlation among baseline features, therapy regimens and prognosis. The data were collected from the hospital's electronic medical records system. Results A total of 223 patients with FL3A were enrolled. With a median follow-up of 41 months, the expected 5-year overall survival (OS) was 97.4% and the 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 73%. In real-word, most patients with advanced FL3A in low-tumor-load received therapy, majority with RCHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). Patients with advanced FL3A treated with RCHOP regimen and maintenance therapy had better PFS. There was no significant difference in PFS between the treatment group and watch-and-wait group in patients with low-tumor-load. The univariate analyses indicated that the maximum 18FFluorodeoxyglucose uptake in PET (SUVmax), Ki-67 index, platelet count were related to prognosis. Multivariate analyses showed that only SUVmax was the independent prognostic factor and SUVmax ≥ 15 related with poor PFS. Conclusion FL3A patients have a long survival, with a 5-year PFS of 73%. In real-world, most patients with advanced FL3A in low-tumor-load received therapy. Multivariate analyses indicated that SUVmax ≥ 15 was an independent poor prognostic factor affecting PFS in patients with advanced FL3A. In addition, Ki-67 index was also maybe related with prognosis.
Video Observed Therapy Device Improves Probability of Tuberculosis Therapy Adherence; A Randomised Clinical Trial at a TB Reference Clinic in Lagos
Authors: Amoo Olufemi , Kareithi Dorcas , Tijani Bosun , Onuigbo Tochukwu , Karera Steven , Oladejo Busayo , Oraegbu Joy , Ezike Jennifer , Adekoya Adepeju , Sani Maryam , David Nkiru , Audu Rosemary , Salako Babatunde
Published: June 2024

Background
Video Observed Therapy (VOT) is a method of adherence monitoring where participants transmit digital images of their treatment intake to a central location for review; either synchronously or asynchronously. VOT presents an option that can be explored for developing countries like Nigeria with a high TB burden, thereby reducing the TB burden and ultimately eliminating it.
Methods
The study was a two-arm individually randomised clinical trial conducted by Nigeria Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) in Lagos, Nigeria. Participants (100) were recruited to this study and randomised into either treatment (VOT) or DOT (Directly Observed Therapy) as control. Data were collected through the NimCure mobile app and participant records. We compared treatment outcomes between VOT and DOT and assessed average treatment effects by adjusting for gender, location (state), and age.
Results
A high rate of 100% adherence to TB treatment was achieved in VOT (97%) and DOT (79%). More females than males achieved 100% adherence to VOT, while more males achieved 100% adherence to DOT. Rural dwellers achieved 100% adherence to both VOT and DOT. There was a varied distribution across all age groups. The average adherence, if all participants were to use VOT, would be 0.1709 (z = 2.23, p = 0.026) more than the average that would be if the participants did not use VOT.
Conclusion
VOT through the NimCure application achieved the adherence objective and showed that VOT can be used for effective remote monitoring and management of Tuberculosis in Nigeria. NimCure can therefore be recommended for use in low-income settings.
Unraveling the dynamics of host specificity and resistance responses to potato virus Y, and implications for crop management
Authors: de Morais Ivair José , Silva Dorian Yest Melo , Camargo Barbara Mavie , Lourenção André Luiz , Inoue-Nagata Alice Kazuko
Published: June 2024

Potato virus Y (PVY), a virus member of the family Potyviridae, poses a significant threat to global agriculture, affecting crops such as potato, tomato, pepper, and tobacco. Despite its economic importance, there remains a critical gap in understanding the dynamics of PVY-host interactions and the development of effective management strategies. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize PVY isolates from sweet pepper, potato, and tomato plants, elucidating their infectivity and adaptation across diverse host species and cultivars. Initially, using antigen-trapped ELISA, we determined the optimal detection timeframe and leaf sampling strategy for detection of PVY by serological assays, showing that some hosts require a minimum incubation period and leaf selection for a reliable virus detection. By comparing PVY isolates from distinct hosts, we demonstrate that the choice of the isolate is crucial for resistance evaluations. Additionally, inoculation trials across various plant species elucidated differences in infectivity and adaptation among PVY isolates. Resistance trials in commercial cultivars of tomato and pepper plants and wild Solanum spp. accessions revealed susceptibility across all tested materials, challenging previous assumptions of resistant cultivars and accessions. These findings underscore the urgency of addressing PVY spread and understanding host-virus interactions to identify resistant genotypes for commercial use and for breeding programs directed to PVY isolates present in Brazil.
Genome-wide analysis of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) laccase gene family and its functions in response to abiotic stress
Authors: Cheng Tong , Ren Chunyuan , Xu Jinghan , Wang Huamei , Wen Bowen , Zhao Qiang , Zhang Wenjie , Yu Gaobo , Zhang Yuxian
Published: June 2024

Background
Laccase (LAC) gene family plays a pivotal role in plant lignin biosynthesis and adaptation to various stresses. Limited research has been conducted on laccase genes in common beans.
Results
29 LAC gene family members were identified within the common bean genome, distributed unevenly in 9 chromosomes. These members were divided into 6 distinct subclades by phylogenetic analysis. Further phylogenetic analyses and synteny analyses indicated that considerable gene duplication and loss presented throughout the evolution of the laccase gene family. Purified selection was shown to be the major evolutionary force through Ka / Ks. Transcriptional changes of PvLAC genes under low temperature and salt stress were observed, emphasizing the regulatory function of these genes in such conditions. Regulation by abscisic acid and gibberellins appears to be the case for PvLAC3, PvLAC4, PvLAC7, PvLAC13, PvLAC14, PvLAC18, PvLAC23, and PvLAC26, as indicated by hormone induction experiments. Additionally, the regulation of PvLAC3, PvLAC4, PvLAC7, and PvLAC14 in response to nicosulfuron and low-temperature stress were identified by virus-induced gene silence, which demonstrated inhibition on growth and development in common beans.
Conclusions
The research provides valuable genetic resources for improving the resistance of common beans to abiotic stresses and enhance the understanding of the functional roles of the LAC gene family.
Pruritus and xerodermia in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma, lung and renal cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kiss Igor , Svoboda Michal , Horska Cecilie , Buchler Samuel , Buchler Tomas
Published: June 2024

Background: Dermatologic adverse events (DAEs) are common in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for cancer.
Objective: To evaluate the incidence of two selected dermatologic adverse events (DAEs), pruritus and xerodermia, reported as adverse events in phase 3 randomised clinical trials using ICI in patients with lung cancer, renal cancer, and melanoma.
Methods: Phase 3 studies where treatment included an ICI in the experimental arm were analysed. For pruritus, 42 studies were analysed with a total of 29,502 evaluable patients. For xerodermia, the number of studies was 23 with 17,341 patients.
Results:. Pruritus was associated with ICI therapy with OR of 3.02 (95% CI 2.57–3.55). Compared to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with anti-programmed death (PD-1) agents, patients with melanoma had higher odds of reporting pruritus, reaching statistical significance for the anti-PD-1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) treatment. Patient with lung cancer had significantly lower odds of pruritus across all ICI types compared to other analysed tumour types. Xerodermia was also associated with ICI treatment. Using RCC/PD-1 as a reference, there was a trend to higher incidence of xerodermia in patients with melanoma. Patients with lung cancer had significantly lower odds of xerodermia regardless of ICI type.
Conclusion: The present systematic analysis indicates that pruritus and xerodermia are associated with ICI treatment of any type compared to non-immunologic therapies. There appears to be a higher incidence of these DAEs in patients with melanoma and RCC compared to patients with lung cancer.
Late presentation of chronic myeloid leukaemia patients in a low-income country: The prognostic implications and impact on treatment outcome
Authors: Nelson Elisha Akpowowo , Ahmed Ibrahim Oluwaseun , Bolarinwa Rahman Ayodele , Adeagbo Babatunde Ayodeji , Adegbola Adebanjo Jonathan , Salawu Lateef , Bolaji Oluseye O , Durosinmi Muheez Alani
Published: June 2024

Background
In Nigeria, since 2002, Imatinib mesylate (glivec®) has been available freely to chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients but only at a tertiary health care centre in the south western part of the country. Despite this, it is not readily accessible to many patients due to the distance and other challenges including low socioeconomic status and political problems, thereby preventing timely access specialist care. This study evaluated the effect of the baseline characteristics on the prognostic implication and treatment outcome of CML patients in Nigeria.
Method
This study retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 889 CML patients over an 18 years period (2002–2020). Of these, 576 (65%) patients had complete information with up-to-date BCR::ABL1 record. These 576 patients were categorized based on their responses to Imatinib therapy into three groups viz; Optimal response (OR) defined as BCR::ABL1 ratio of < 0.1% or major molecular remission, Suboptimal response (SR) with BCR::ABL ratio of 0.1–1%, and Treatment failure (TF) when MMR has not been achieved at 12 months. The variables were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The result revealed a median age of 37 years at diagnosis with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The majority (96.8%) of the patients presented with one or more symptoms at diagnosis with a mean duration of symptom of 12 ± 10.6 months. The mean Sokal score was 1.3 ± 0.8, with almost half (49%) presenting with a high score. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between Sokal score and duration of symptoms at presentation (r = 0.733, p = 0.011). Based on response categorization, 40.3% had OR while 27.1% and 32.6% had SR and TF respectively.
Conclusion
Low optimal response of 40.3% and treatment failure of 32.6% in CML patients while on first line Imatinib (Glivec®) therapy in our cohort is strongly attributable to long duration of symptoms (> 12months) and high-risk disease (high Sokal score) at presentation. We advocate prompt access to specialist care and de-centralization of the free Imatinib program in Nigeria.
Features of mangrove ecosystems after ten years of restoration on Flores Island, Indonesia
Authors: Wirabuana Pandu , Baskorowati Liliana , Pamungkas Bayu , Mulyana Budi , South Josie , Purnobasuki Hery , Andriyono Sapto , Hasan Veryl
Published: June 2024

Indonesia has extensively reforested mangroves to stabilize coastal ecosystems and mitigate climate change. Reforestation's long-term effects on recovering mangroves are not extensively established because most projects are only observed for two years. It raises the question of whether mangrove replanting aids biodiversity conservation and ecological recovery. This project will characterize Flores Island mangrove ecosystems after ten years of regeneration. The ecological survey took place at Bangkoor, Kolisia, and Talibura reforestation areas. Floristic composition, wildlife diversity, carbon sequestration, and energy storage were measured at each location. Field observations revealed 10 plant and 11 animal species, with flora and fauna species varying by site. Flora diversity was highest in Kolisia and fauna diversity was highest in Talibura. Talibura and Kolisia have similar vegetation and wildlife than Bangkoor. Restored mangrove stands sequestered 28.69 − 70.02 Mg CO2 ha− 1 and stored 30.54×104 − 54.07×104 MJ ha− 1 of energy. Rhizophora apiculata (47.37 ± 5.68 kg CO2) had the most carbon sequestration, while Bruguiera gymnorhiza (645.22 ± 21.65 MJ) had the highest energy storage. Reforestation-induced mangrove ecosystems have biodiversity, carbon storage, and energy stock features.
DNA Methylation Biomarker Panels for the Differentiation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma from Liver Metastases from Colorectal Carcinoma and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Draškovič Tina , Ranković Branislava , Zidar Nina , Hauptman Nina
Published: June 2024

Background
DNA methylation biomarkers are one of the most promising tools for the diagnosis and differentiation of adenocarcinomas of the liver, which are among the most common malignancies worldwide. Their differentiation is important because of the different prognosis and treatment options. This study validates novel diagnostic DNA methylation panels that focus on DNA hypermethylation in cancer and successfully differentiate between the two most common primary liver cancers (hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma), two common metastatic liver cancers (from colorectal and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas) and healthy liver tissue. Moreover, this study investigates whether hypermethylation of selected DNA methylation biomarkers of primary colorectal carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are preserved in their liver metastases.
Methods
Our study included a cohort of 149 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. The methylation status of the samples was experimentally determined by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting and methylation-specific digital PCR. The digital PCR results were additionally validated by bioinformatic analysis using an independent dataset of 487 samples from the TCGA and GEO databases. The sensitivities, specificities and diagnostic accuracies of the panels for individual cancer types were calculated.
Results
The methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis led to the selection of the best biomarker candidates and enabled the development of panels that exhibit a sensitivity of 60–93% and a specificity of 85–98% for all included primary tumors and paired normal tissues. The panels tested with digital PCR show a sensitivity of 66.7–100%, a specificity of 94.9–100% and a diagnostic accuracy of 93–100% for hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, healthy liver tissue, colorectal liver metastases and liver metastases from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The bioinformatic analysis revealed similar sensitivities (64-97.4%), specificities (85–98%) and diagnostic accuracies (86–98%). Furthermore, the results show that DNA hypermethylation of the investigated promoter regions is preserved from primary colorectal carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to their liver metastases.
Conclusions
The new methylation biomarker panels exhibit high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy and enable successful differentiation between primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas of the liver using methylation-specific digital PCR. A high concordance between methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis, digital PCR and bioinformatic results from publicly available databases was achieved.
AI-driven drug design for short-term anxiety disorder
Authors: S Hari Ram , V Latha , V Gomathi , A Ranichitra , Dhamotharan Varsha , RM Vidhyavathi , D Prabhu
Published: June 2024

Anxiety is the most common neurological disorder and results in cognitive, emotional, and somatic behavioral changes. Anxiety may invoke an unpleasant feeling that is strongly associated with apprehension, fear, and disturbance of daily routine life activities. GABA acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter within the central nervous system, and a decrease in its levels can result in anxiety. Therefore, GABA-A receptor proteins (PDB ID: 4COF) are suitable targets for drug design. Lorazepam is a commonly used drug for the treatment of short-term anxiety. However, Lorazepam causes serious side effects both physically and mentally during treatment for patients. To alleviate the serious side effects of Lorazepam, in this work, in silico studies based on modern artificial intelligence (AI)-based virtual screening were carried out with a series of computational chemistry methods, such as molecular docking (MD), molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) and quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR). Initially, using the MolAICal tool, compounds similar to Lorazepam were generated (M1-M12), and based on drug likeliness, 9 compounds were selected (M1, M4-M7, M9-M12). Then, molecular docking was carried out to analyze and visualize their binding scores with the 4COF protein structure. Compound M12 has a greater binding affinity (i.e., a lower binding energy of -8.276 kcal/mol) than Lorazepam. Its applicability was ascertained via QSAR analysis. A molecular dynamics study of M12 and that of Lorazepam showed that M12 has very good binding to the protein 4COF through multiple H-bond interactions, as more than 100% of the simulation times with the ASP 43 residue and 98% of the simulation times with the GLU155 residue. Various protein‒ligand interactions that lasted more than 48% of the simulation time in the selected trajectory were considered. Analysis of these parameters demonstrated the stable binding of M12 within the binding pocket of 4COF, and M12 had more interactions; hence, M12 was proven to be an alternative drug for treating anxiety with high efficacy.
Pineal cyst apoplexy in a pregnant female. Case Report
Authors: Azab Mohammed. A , Hazim Ahmed , El-Gohary Nour , Mostafa Hamed
Published: June 2024

Background:
Pineal cyst is an uncommon condition in pregnancy. It is often encountered as an incidental finding in brain imaging. Most of pineal cysts are benign and asymptomatic. Bleeding inside these cysts is very rare in pregnancy.
Clinical presentation:
A 30-year-old female patient with no significant past medical history, presented to the emergency department at 36 weeks gestation with an episode of transient unilateral headache. Headache was associated with dizziness and left arm ascending numbness. Neurological examination was normal.
Investigations:
She has a history of a known pineal cyst. CT head was obtained, reviewed and compared to previous scans 7 years ago. It showed that the pineal cyst had a suspected bleeding.
Management:
The patient was admitted to the neurosurgery department for conservative management without any surgery and few days later, symptoms gradually improved.
Follow-up:
Three weeks later, the patient reported spontaneous improvement of the presenting symptoms. The decision was to proceed with continued watchful follow-up and awaiting a caesarian section delivery. Patient returned for follow up three months later without any symptoms. Following delivery, the patient remained asymptomatic and no further problems occurred during the postpartum period.
Conclusion:
Pineal cyst apoplexy is a relatively rare condition and it usually affects young adult females, however, the exact relation to pregnancy and the effect of apoplexy on the course of pregnancy is not well defined.
Analysis of short-term self-healing performance of asphalt mixture under fatigue damage
Authors: Wang Ya , Zhang Liwen , wang xianguang
Published: June 2024

To investigate the self-healing characteristics of fatigue damage in asphalt mixtures, controlled stress bending fatigue tests and self-healing tests were designed to determine the fatigue equation and fatigue damage equation of the mixture. Two indicators based on the theory of dissipated energy and visco-elastic ratio were proposed to evaluate the self-healing performance of asphalt mixtures. The test results showed that, due to the influence of specimens and external factors, even after smoothing, the numerical dispersion of the flexural modulus was still large, making it unsuitable for evaluating the self-healing performance of the mixture. The calculated absolute value and relative value of 50th dissipative energy exhibited a good linear relationship with the damage degree; as the damage increased, the material's recovery from damage also increased. By taking the visco-elastic ratio at 50th loading moment for asphalt mixtures, relative and absolute healing index values were obtained. After an interval of 30 minutes, there was a significant change in initial visco-elastic ratio for small beams, which usually exceeded that of undamaged small beams. This trend became more pronounced as damage increased. when reaching a damage level of 0.4, viscous deformation proportion was more than twice that of undamaged original small beams' visco-elastic ratio.
Genistein inhibited endocytosis and fibrogenesis in transforming growth factor-β1-stimulated keloid via CTGF signaling pathways
Authors: Lu Chun-Te , Ko Jiunn-Liang , Ou Chu-Chyn , Hsu Chih-Ting , Hsiao Yu-Ping , Tang Sheau-Chung
Published: June 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate soy isoflavones' effect and potential use—specifically genistein—in treating human keloid fibroblast cell lines (KFs) and in a keloid tissue culture model.
Methods: to investigate the effects of genistein on keloid, a wound-healing assay was performed to detect cell migration. Flow cytometry was used to measure apoptosis. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the expression of target proteins. Keloid fibroblast tissues were isolated, cultured, and divided into the control, silenced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) proteins, and shNC (negative control) groups.
Results: genistein could suppress cell proliferation and migration and enhance apoptosis at the G2/M phase in keloid fibroblasts. Genistein inhibited the expression of collagen 1A1 I, fibronectin, and CTGF proteins, reducing collagen 1A1 accumulation. The expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and CTGF were reduced after exposure to genistein. The cell migration ability from the keloid patient’s tissues was decreased by genistein treatment and was time-dose dependent. Genistein also abated TGF-β1-induced keloid fibrosis through the endocytosis model. Additionally, genistein could increase the expression of p53 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: This process may depend on the regulation of CTGF. Genistein may attenuate the activity of keloid fibroblasts and reduce keloid formation. The results of our study indicate that genistein-induced p53 undergoes apoptosis through the CTGF pathway in a P53-dependent manner, suggesting that our research provides a new strategy for developing drugs for treating keloids.
Evaluating the Relationship Between News Source Sharing and Political Beliefs
Authors: Pozo Sofía M. del , Pinto Sebastián , Serafino Matteo , Cicchini Tomás , Moss Federico , Makse Hernán A. , Balenzuela Pablo
Published: June 2024

In an era marked by an abundance of news sources, access to information significantly influences public opinion. Notably, the bias of news sources often serves as an indicator of individuals' political leanings. This study explores this hypothesis by examining the news sharing behavior of politically active social media users, whose political ideologies were identified in a previous study. Using correspondence analysis, we estimate the Media Sharing Index (MSI), a measure that captures bias in media outlets and user preferences within a hidden space. During Argentina’s 2019 election on Twitter, we observed a predictable pattern: center-right individuals predominantly shared media from center-right biased outlets. However, it is noteworthy that those with center-left inclinations displayed a more diverse media consumption, which is a significant finding. Despite a noticeable polarization based on political affiliation observed in a retweet network analysis, center-left users showed more diverse media sharing preferences, particularly concerning the MSI. Although these findings are specific to Argentina, the developed methodology can be applied in other countries to assess the correlation between users’ political leanings and the media they share.
Numerical model and coupled vibration analysis of transmission shaft with spatial angle misalignment
Authors: Zhang Bao , Su Xiaoping , Zang Liguo
Published: June 2024

Vibration control is the key to development of high-speed and light-weight transmission system. There are many factors affecting the vibration, and the influence of misalignment is the most obvious. Therefore, it is important to understand the dynamic response of transmission shaft with misalignment. In previous studies, researchers studied the influence of plane angle misalignment. However, there are few researches on the effect of spatial misalignment on shafting vibration. In this paper, a numerical model of shafting with spatial misalignment is established. The influence of plane angle misalignment and spatial angle misalignment on the vibration is studied. The numerical and experimental results show that the vibration of shafting with spatial angle misalignment is bending-torsional coupled vibration, and the two kinds of vibration reinforce each other, and the torsional vibration is the main vibration. Compared with the influence of plane angle misalignment, the influence of spatial angle misalignment is more obvious..
Semi-Supervised Dimensionality Reduction Method Utilizing Pairwise Constraints and Integrating Similarity and Dissimilarity among Data
Authors: Liu Zixuan , Luo Rong
Published: June 2024

Data preprocessing stages, including data reconstruction and dimensionality reduction, play a pivotal role in influencing subsequent machine learning and data mining endeavors. While supervised dimensionality reduction typically surpasses unsupervised methods through direct label exploitation, the scarcity or high acquisition cost of labeled data in practical scenarios has fueled interest in semi-supervised alternatives. These methodologies ingeniously integrate sparse labeled and abundant unlabeled data, to aid data representation and dimensionality reduction.This study introduces a novel nonlinear semi-supervised dimensionality reduction algorithm, which employs pairwise constraints (must-link and cannot-link) and radial basis functions to obtain similarity and dissimilarity among data points. Leveraging spectral decomposition, our algorithm aims to reconstruct the initial data, thereby exposing intricate nonlinear patterns obscured within high-dimensional datasets. Compared to traditional semi-supervised algorithms, a series of experiments based on real data have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Quantum-Inspired Clustering for Hazardous Asteroid Prediction in Quantum Machine Learning
Authors: Bhagwakar Priya P. , Thaker Chirag Suryakant , Joshiara Hetal A.
Published: June 2024

An asteroid impact is one of the rare natural disasters that can be prevented or mitigated using the proper preparation and preparatory measures. The main goal is to investigate the use of quantum machine learning (QML) in the context of asteroid prediction in order to improve early detection and trajectory forecasting capabilities. New computational approaches are necessary in the dynamic field of astronomical hazard assessment, and QML offers itself as an advanced paradigm to meet the challenges of this important task. In this study, we evaluate the EQIE-FCM (Enhanced Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Fuzzy C-Means) clustering algorithm and compare it with other models such as K-Medoid, Spectral Clustering, Fuzzy C-Means, Quantum K-Means, and Quantum Fuzzy C-Means. EQIE-FCM outperforms these models, surpassing Silhouette and Davies-Bouldin thresholds. The choice of clustering algorithm depends on data characteristics and problem context. By leveraging quantum computing to evolve crucial parameters, EQIE-FCM effectively clusters datasets. We evaluate its efficacy using different-sized asteroid datasets. Quantum machine learning shows promise for accurate predictions of hazardous asteroids, but its integration requires awareness of both strengths and limitations.
Rihla: A Tourism Chatbot System Powered by Generative AI for Riyadh and AlUla
Authors: Aref Badriyah , Alamri Nawal , Alshehri Arwa , Alyousef Sadeem , Alnaim Norah
Published: June 2024

International tourism has increased by 121% since July 2022, driven by efforts to fulfil Saudi Vision 2030 and capitalize on an AI-driven economy. With AI revolutionizing the tourism and travel sectors, Chatbots have emerged as popular tools, leveraging AI and natural language processing (NLP) to automate responses and enhance user experiences. This study addresses Saudi Vision 2030’s objectives by introducing an intelligent Chatbot for improved tourism experiences in Saudi Arabia. Through integrating the text-divinci-002 model with Flask, the Chatbot delivers prompt and precise responses, catering to tourists’ inquiries. The findings demonstrate its high usability and utility in assisting travelers. This research aims to contribute the ongoing advancements in AI-driven tourism, aligning with the broader vision of transforming Saudi Arabia’s tourism industry.
Estimation of Human Age using Machine Learning on Panoramic Radiographs: A Pilot Study for Brazilian Patients
Authors: Oliveira Willian , Albuquerque Mariana , Burgardt Caio Augusto Pereira , Pontual Maria Luiza dos Anjos , Zanchettin Cleber
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses a relevant problem in Forensic Sciences by integrating radiological techniques with cutting-edge machine learning methodologies to create a non-invasive, efficient, and less examiner-dependent approach for age estimation. We also present a new dataset composed of 12,827 dental panoramic X-ray images that reflect the specific demographic characteristics of the Brazilian population. The proposed approach achieved robust and reliable results, achieving a Test Mean Absolute Error of 3.1 years and an R-squared value of 95.5%. Professional radiologists have validated that our model focuses on critical features for age assessment used in odontology, including pulp chamber dimensions and stages of permanent teeth calcification, even in edentulous cases. The model also relies on information from the mandible, maxillary sinus, and vertebrae, indicating a wide range of anatomical features for decision-making. This study demonstrates the significant potential of AI to revolutionize age estimation in Forensic Science, offering a more accurate, efficient, and universally applicable solution.
Evolution of C-point singularity and polarization coverage of Poincare-Bessel beam in self-healing process
Authors: Kumar Subith , Pal Anupam , Shiri Arash , Samanta Goutam K , Gbur Greg
Published: June 2024

As a vector version of scalar Bessel beams, Poincare-Bessel beams (PBBs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their non-diffracting and self-healing properties as well as the presence of polarization singularities. Previous studies of PBBs have focused on cases that consist of a superposition of Bessel beams in orthogonal circular polarization states; here, we present a theoretical and experimental study of PBBs for which the polarization states are taken to be linear, which we call a linear PBB. Using a mode transformation of a full Poincare beam constructed from linear polarization states, we observe the linear PBB as providing an in principle infinite number of covers of the Poincare sphere in a transverse plane and with an infinite number of C-points with positive and negative topological indices. We also study the dynamics of C-point singularities in a linear PBB in the process of self-healing after being obstructed by an obstacle, providing insight into ''Hilbert Hotel'' style evolution of singularities in light beams. The present study can be useful for imaging in the presence of depolarizing surroundings, studying turbulent atmospheric channels, and exploring the rich mathematical concepts of transfinite numbers.