bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local and correlated studies of humidity-mediated ferroelectric thin film surface charge dynamics
Authors: Gaponenko Iaroslav , Musy Loïc , Domingo Neus , Stucki Nicolas , Verdaguer Albert , Bassiri-Gharb Nazanin , Paruch Patrycja
Published: October 2021

Electrochemical phenomena in ferroelectrics are of particular interest for catalysis and sensing applications, with recent studies highlighting the combined role of the ferroelectric polarisation, applied surface voltage and overall switching history. Here, we present a systematic Kelvin probe microscopy study of the effect of relative humidity and polarisation switching history on the surface charge dissipation in ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin films. We analyse the interaction of surface charges with ferroelectric domains through the framework of physically constrained unsupervised machine learning matrix factorisation, Dictionary Learning, and reveal a complex interplay of voltage-mediated physical processes underlying the observed signal decays. Additional insight into the observed behaviours is given by a Fitzhugh–Nagumo reaction–diffusion model, highlighting the lateral spread and charge passivation process contributors within the Dictionary Learning analysis.
Polygenic basis and biomedical consequences of telomere length variation
Authors: Codd Veryan , Wang Qingning , Allara Elias , Musicha Crispin , Kaptoge Stephen , Stoma Svetlana , Jiang Tao , Hamby Stephen E. , Braund Peter S. , Bountziouka Vasiliki , Budgeon Charley A. , Denniff Matthew , Swinfield Chloe , Papakonstantinou Manolo , Sheth Shilpi , Nanus Dominika E. , Warner Sophie C. , Wang Minxian , Khera Amit V. , Eales James , Ouwehand Willem H. , Thompson John R. , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Wood Angela M. , Butterworth Adam S. , Danesh John N. , Nelson Christopher P. , Samani Nilesh J.
Published: October 2021

Telomeres, the end fragments of chromosomes, play key roles in cellular proliferation and senescence. Here we characterize the genetic architecture of naturally occurring variation in leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and identify causal links between LTL and biomedical phenotypes in 472,174 well-characterized UK Biobank participants. We identified 197 independent sentinel variants associated with LTL at 138 genomic loci (108 new). Genetically determined differences in LTL were associated with multiple biological traits, ranging from height to bone marrow function, as well as several diseases spanning neoplastic, vascular and inflammatory pathologies. Finally, we estimated that, at the age of 40 years, people with an LTL >1 s.d. shorter than the population mean had a 2.5-year-lower life expectancy compared with the group with ≥1 s.d. longer LDL. Overall, we furnish new insights into the genetic regulation of LTL, reveal wide-ranging influences of LTL on physiological traits, diseases and longevity, and provide a powerful resource available to the global research community.
CircRNA_0079586 and circRNA_RanGAP1 are involved in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms rupture by regulating the expression of MPO
Authors: Zhang Zhuang , Sui Rubo , Ge Lili , Xia Dongjian
Published: October 2021

Several circRNAs have been reported to be dysregulated in human endothelial cells through sponging miRNAs. Previous reports demonstrated that MPO not only contributed to the formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysm but was also correlated with the degenerative remodeling predisposition to saccular intracranial aneurysm wall rupture, although its underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Microarray screening was performed to compare the differential expression of circRNAs in the endothelial cells collected from UIAs and RIAs patients. Luciferase assays were used to explore the regulatory relationship between circRNAs and miRNAs, and between miRNAs and their target genes. Microarray screening analysis found a batch of up-regulated circRNAs in the endothelial cells harvested from RIAs patients, including circRNA-0079586 and circRNA-RanGAP1. Luciferase assays revealed the suppressive role of miR-183-5p/miR-877-3p in the expression of circRNA-0079586/circRNA-RanGAP1/MPO. And the expression of circRNA-0079586 and circRNA-RanGAP1 was respectively suppressed by the overexpression of miR-183-5p and miR-877-3p. And both the transfection of miR-183-5p and miR-877-3p mimics suppressed the relative expression level of MPO mRNA. The expression of circRNA-0079586, circRNA-RanGAP1 and MPO was significantly activated in the endothelial cells collected from RIAs patients when compared with UIAs patients, whereas the expression of miR-183-5p and miR-877-3p was remarkably suppressed in the endothelial cells collected from RIAs patients when compared with UIAs patients. We further altered the expression of circRNA-0079586 and circRNA-RanGAP1 using siRNA and overexpression in HUVECS, and the expression of circRNA-0079586 and circRNA-RanGAP1 was significantly and negatively correlated with the expression of miR-183-5p and miR-877-3p, but positively correlated with the expression of MPO under different conditions. In this study, we established two MPO-modulating signaling pathways of circRNA_0079586/miR-183-5p/MPO and circRNA_RanGAP1/miR-877-3p/MPO. These two signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms rupture.
Association between long term exposure to particulate matter and incident hypertension in Spain
Authors: Doulatram-Gamgaram Viyey , Valdés Sergio , Maldonado-Araque Cristina , Lago-Sampedro Ana , Badía-Guillén Rocío , García-Escobar Eva , García-Serrano Sara , García-Vivanco Marta , Garrido Juan Luis , Theobald Mark Richard , Gil Victoria , Martín-Llorente Fernando , Calle-Pascual Alfonso , Bordiu Elena , Castaño Luis , Delgado Elías , Franch-Nadal Josep , Chaves F. Javier , Montanya Eduard , Galán-García José Luis , Aguilera-Venegas Gabriel , Soriguer Federico , Rojo-Martínez Gemma
Published: October 2021

Exposure to air particulate matter has been linked with hypertension and blood pressure levels. The metabolic risks of air pollution could vary according to the specific characteristics of each area, and has not been sufficiently evaluated in Spain. We analyzed 1103 individuals, participants in a Spanish nationwide population based cohort study (di@bet.es), who were free of hypertension at baseline (2008–2010) and completed a follow-up exam of the cohort (2016–2017). Cohort participants were assigned air pollution concentrations for particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) during follow-up (2008–2016) obtained through modeling combined with measurements taken at air quality stations (CHIMERE chemistry-transport model). Mean and SD concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were 20.17 ± 3.91 μg/m3 and 10.83 ± 2.08 μg/m3 respectively. During follow-up 282 cases of incident hypertension were recorded. In the fully adjusted model, compared with the lowest quartile of PM10, the multivariate weighted ORs (95% CIs) for developing hypertension with increasing PM10 exposures were 0.82 (0.59–1.14), 1.28 (0.93–1.78) and 1.45 (1.05–2.01) in quartile 2, 3 and 4 respectively (p for a trend of 0.003). The corresponding weighted ORs according to PM2.5 exposures were 0.80 (0.57–1.13), 1.11 (0.80–1.53) and 1.48 (1.09–2.00) (p for trend 0.004). For each 5-μg/m3 increment in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, the odds for incident hypertension increased 1.22 (1.06–1.41) p = 0.007 and 1.39 (1.07–1.81) p = 0.02 respectively. In conclusion, our study contributes to assessing the impact of particulate pollution on the incidence of hypertension in Spain, reinforcing the need for improving air quality as much as possible in order to decrease the risk of cardiometabolic disease in the population.
The impact of cervical conization size with subsequent cervical length changes on preterm birth rates in asymptomatic singleton pregnancies
Authors: Firichenko Sergei V. , Stark Michael , Mynbaev Ospan A.
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to explore the impact of cervical conization size (CCS) with subsequent cervical length (USCL) changes on preterm birth (PTB) rates in asymptomatic singleton pregnancies as compared to pregnancy outcomes in healthy women with an intact cervix (ICG), and to estimate PTB prevention efficiency in patients with a short cervix. Pregnancy outcomes in populations of similar age, ethnicity, residency, education and harmful habits having undergone cervical conization (CCG) were retrospectively analyzed and compared to ICG and cervical conization sub-populations adjusted by USCL during pregnancy (adequate cervical length vs. a short cervix) and a progesterone-only group (POG) vs. a progesterone-pessary group (PPG). Cervical conization was not associated with an increased PTB risk (CCG vs. ICG) when parameters of CCS and USCL were not adjusted (p = NS). A significantly higher proportion of parous women was observed in the CCG population than in the ICG (p = 0.0019). CCS turned out to be a key PTB risk during pregnancy, the larger CCS being associated with a short cervix (p = 0.0001) and higher PTB risks (p = 0.0001) with a notably increased PTB rate (p = 0.0001) in nulliparous women (p = 0.0022), whereas smaller CCS with adequate cervical length and a lower PTB rate was predominantly observed in women with prior parity. An initial equal USCL size was to be considerably elongated in women with adequate cervical length (p < 0.0001), and shortened in those with a short cervix (p < 0.0001). USCL assessment during pregnancy proved to be the PTB risk-predicting tool, with CCS supplementation apt to increase its diagnostic value. No substantial impact on pregnancy outcomes could be linked to any particular PTB prevention mode (POG or PPV). However, during pregnancy, the USCL changes relating to CCS proved to be more critical in pregnancy outcomes.
Reducing soft-tissue shrinkage artefacts caused by staining with Lugol’s solution
Authors: Dawood Y. , Hagoort J. , Siadari B. A. , Ruijter J. M. , Gunst Q. D. , Lobe N. H. J. , Strijkers G. J. , de Bakker B. S. , van den Hoff M. J. B.
Published: October 2021

Diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) is progressively used in clinical and morphological research to study developmental anatomy. Lugol’s solution (Lugol) has gained interest as an effective contrast agent; however, usage is limited due to extensive soft-tissue shrinkage. The mechanism of Lugol-induced shrinkage and how to prevent it is largely unknown, hampering applications of Lugol in clinical or forensic cases where tissue shrinkage can lead to erroneous diagnostic conclusions. Shrinkage was suggested to be due to an osmotic imbalance between tissue and solution. Pilot experiments pointed to acidification of Lugol, but the relation of acidification and tissue shrinkage was not evaluated. In this study, we analyzed the relation between tissue shrinkage, osmolarity and acidification of the solution during staining. Changes in tissue volume were measured on 2D-segmented magnetic resonance and diceCT images using AMIRA software. Partial correlation and stepwise regression analysis showed that acidification of Lugol is the main cause of tissue shrinkage. To prevent acidification, we developed a buffered Lugol’s solution (B-Lugol) and showed that stabilizing its pH almost completely prevented shrinkage without affecting staining. Changing from Lugol to B-Lugol is a major improvement for clinical and morphological research and only requires a minor adaptation of the staining protocol.
Chemical reaction and thermal radiation impact on a nanofluid flow in a rotating channel with Hall current
Authors: Lv Yu-Pei , Shaheen Naila , Ramzan Muhammad , Mursaleen M. , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Malik M. Y.
Published: October 2021

The objective of the present exploration is to examine the nanoliquid flow amid two horizontal infinite plates. The lower plate is stretchable and permeable. The uniqueness of the flow model is assimilated with the Hall effect, variable thermal conductivity, thermal radiation, and irregular heat source/sink. Transmission of mass is enhanced with the impression of chemical reaction incorporated with activation energy. Appropriate similarity transformation is applied to transform the formulated problem into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The numerical solution is obtained by employing MATLAB software function bvp4c. The dimensionless parameters are graphically illustrated and discussed for the involved profiles. An increasing behavior is exhibited by the temperature field on escalating the Brownian motion, thermophoresis parameter, variable thermal conductivity, and radiation parameter. For larger values of Schmidt number and chemical reaction parameter, the concentration profile deteriorates, while a reverse trend is seen for activation energy. The rate of heat transfer is strengthened at the lower wall on amplifying the Prandtl number. A comparative analysis of the present investigation with already published work is also added to substantiate the envisioned problem.
A spatial analysis for geothermal energy exploration using bivariate predictive modelling
Authors: Tende Andongma W. , Aminu Mohammed D. , Gajere Jiriko N.
Published: October 2021

The development of predictive maps for geothermal resources is fundamental for its exploration across Nigeria. In this study, spatial exploration data consisting of geology, geophysics and remote sensing was initially analysed using the Shannon entropy method to ascertain a correlation to known geothermal manifestation. The application of statistical index, frequency ratio and weight of evidence modelling was then used for integrating every predictive data for the generation of geothermal favourability maps. The receiver operating/area under curve (ROC/AUC) analysis was then employed to ascertain the prediction accuracy for all models. Basically, all spatial data displayed a significant statistical correlation with geothermal occurrence. The integration of these data suggests a high probability for geothermal manifestation within the central part of the study location. Accuracy assessment for all models using the ROC/AUC analysis suggests a high prediction capability (above 75%) for all models. Highest prediction accuracy was obtained from the frequency ratio (83.3%) followed by the statistical index model (81.3%) then the weight of evidence model (79.6%). Evidence from spatial and predictive analysis suggests geological data integration is highly efficient for geothermal exploration across the middle Benue trough.
Major bacterial isolate and antibiotic resistance from routine clinical samples in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Hailemariam Mengistu , Alemayehu Tsegaye , Tadesse Bereket , Nigussie Netsanete , Agegnehu Asnakech , Habtemariam Techilo , Ali Mulubrhan , Mitiku Enkosilassie , Azerefegne Elshaday
Published: October 2021

Currently, antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a challenge for the health care system. Although physicians demand timely drug resistance data to guide empirical treatment, local data is rather scarce. Hence, this study performed a retrospective analysis of microbiological findings at the Hawassa public hospital. Secondary data were retrieved to assess the prevalence and level of drug resistance for the most common bacterial isolates from clinical samples processed at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Out of 1085 clinical samples processed in the microbiology laboratory, the prevalence of bacterial infection was 32.6%. Bacterial bloodstream infection was higher in children than in adults (OR, 4; 95% CI 1.8–14.6; p = 0.005). E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the commonest bacterial isolate both in children (36.8%, 26.3%) and in adults (33.3%, 26.7%)
from the urine sample while, the leading bacteria identified from the CSF sample was P. aeruginosa, 37% in children and 43% in adult. In this study, all identified bacterial isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) ranging from 50 to 91%. The highest proportion of MDR was S. aureus 91.1 followed by K. pneumoniae 87.6%. Since the nationwide investigation of bacterial isolate, and drug resistance is rare in Ethiopia, a report from such type of local surveillance is highly useful to guide empirical therapy by providing awareness on the level resistance of isolates.
Exploring the diversity of elastic responses of crystalline cadmium(ii) coordination polymers: from elastic towards plastic and brittle responses
Authors: Pisačić Mateja , Kodrin Ivan , Biljan Ivana , Đaković Marijana
Published: October 2021

Noticeable differences in mechanically induced elastic responses were observed for isostructural crystalline coordination polymers, and their mechanical properties were examined through a highly integrated approach, using both theory and experiment.
Synthesis of ZrO2:Pr3+,Gd3+ nanocrystals for optical thermometry with a thermal sensitivity above 2.32% K−1 over 270 K of sensing range
Authors: Li Minghui , Zhou Jun , Lei Ruoshan , Wang Huanping , Huang Feifei , Xu Shiqing
Published: October 2021

ZrO2:Pr3+/Gd3+ demonstrates outstanding optical thermometric performances, whose thermal quenching behaviors depend on non-radiative transition processes and trap energy levels.
Fluorescence and electrochemical detection of iodine vapor in the presence of high humidity using Ln-based MOFs
Authors: Dong Xiuting , He Qing , Li Menglin , Wang Xinpeng , Wang Yuxin , Zhang Wen
Published: October 2021

Ln-based MOFs with BTC linkers could provide dual fluorescence and electrochemical response of iodine vapor in the presence of humidity with high sensitivity.
A square planar silylene nickel four-membered ring
Authors: Kaufmann Sebastian , Köppe Ralf , Roesky Peter W.
Published: October 2021

The square planar ring [PhC(NtBu)2SiNi(C5Me5)]2 was obtained by an insertion of a Ni(0) precusor in the Si–C bond of the silylene [PhC(NtBu)2Si(C5Me5)].
Enhanced ferroelectricity in NaNbO3–LaCoO3:Mn epitaxial thin film
Authors: Yang Mingdi , Li Shan , Wang Yilin , Qi He , Lin Kun , Li Qiang , Xing Xianran
Published: October 2021

A (001)-oriented NaNbO3–LaCoO3:Mn ferroelectric thin film with enhanced tetragonal distortion and large remanent polarization (31 μC cm−2) achieved by chemical modification was successfully deposited on a SrRuO3-buffered LaAlO3 substrate.
Amphiphilic-like carbon dots as antitumoral drug vehicles and phototherapeutical agents
Authors: Ortega-Muñoz Mariano , Vargas-Navarro Paula , Plesselova Simona , Giron-Gonzalez M. Dolores , Iglesias Guillermo R. , Salto-Gonzalez Rafael , Hernandez-Mateo Fernando , Delgado Angel V. , Lopez-Jaramillo F. Javier , Santoyo-Gonzalez Francisco
Published: October 2021

Amphiphilic-like carbon dots bearing ionizable carboxylate groups and hydrophobic alkyl chains entrap hydrophobic molecules and solubilize them in aqueous systems. In nanomedicine they can be used as drug delivery systems and phototherapeutic agents.
Visible-light photocatalytic preparation of alkenyl thioethers from 1,2,3-thiadiazoles and Hantzsch esters: synthetic and mechanistic investigations
Authors: Liang Zhanqun , Lv Kang , Zhou Shaofang , Zhu Changlei , Bao Xiaoguang
Published: October 2021

A visible-light-promoted S-alkylation of 1,2,3-thiadiazoles with C-radical precursors, 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs), to produce alkenyl thioethers is disclosed.
Rh(iii)-Catalyzed C–H allylation/annulative Markovnikov addition with 5-methylene-1,3-dioxan-2-one: formation of isoquinolinones containing a C3 quaternary centre
Authors: Zhang Yuanfei , Li Xinghua , Bai Jintong , Huang Zhaoyu , Yin Minhai , Sheng Jiarong , Song Ying
Published: October 2021

Rh(iii)-Catalyzed C–H allylation/annulative Markovnikov addition reaction was disclosed, offering isoquinolinones containing a C3 quaternary centre. By using this method as the key step, the US28 inverse agonist analogs were synthesized.
A hydrogen bond-modulated soft nanoscale water channel for ion transport through liquid–liquid interfaces
Authors: Wen Boyao , Sun Chengzhen , Luo Zhengyuan , Lu Xi , Wang Haibo , Bai Bofeng
Published: October 2021

We identify a hydrogen bonding-modulated water channel for ions transport through the interfaces and decane phase.
Psychosocial Comorbidities in Adolescents With Histories of Childhood Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Lewis Barbara A. , Benchek Penelope , Tag Jessica , Miller Gabrielle , Freebairn Lisa , Taylor H. Gerry , Iyengar Sudha K. , Stein Catherine M.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Adolescent psychosocial outcomes of individuals with histories of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) were compared to outcomes of individuals with histories of speech sound disorders (SSD) only and SSD with language impairment (LI). It was hypothesized that individuals with more severe and persistent disorders such as CAS would report poorer psychosocial outcomes.

Method

Groups were compared using analyses of variance on a psychosocial assessment battery that included measures of hyperactivity and inattention, anxiety, depression, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, thought problems, and social outcomes.

Results

Results revealed significant group differences on self-report of social problems and parent report of hyperactivity, thought problems, and social problems at adolescence. Compared to the SSD-only group, the CAS group had significantly higher parental ratings of hyperactivity and social problems in adolescence. The CAS and SSD + LI groups did not differ on psychosocial measures, possibly due to the high rate of comorbid LI in the CAS group. The CAS group also had more individuals who scored in the borderline/clinical range on self-report of social problems than the SSD-only group. The CAS group did not differ from the SSD + LI group in the number of participants scoring in the borderline/clinical range on measures.

Conclusions

Individuals with histories of CAS demonstrate increased rates of social problems and hyperactivity based on parent ratings compared to adolescents with histories of SSD only; however, most do not score within the clinical range. The persistence of speech sound errors combined with self-reported and parent-reported social difficulties suggests that speech-language pathologists should be sensitive to the social and emotional impact of CAS and make appropriate referrals to mental health professionals when warranted.
International Telepractice: Encouraging Equity, Partnership, and Sustainability
Authors: Rule David W. , Ramrattan Heidi M.
Published: October 2021

Purpose:

The following commentary outlines the principles of international telepractice with regard to speech-language pathology and audiology services. Additionally, this commentary provides critical caveats and concerns surrounding international telepractice as well as a summary of principles to follow as telepractice programs encourage access to care and bidirectional, sustainable, and ethical practice development.

Conclusions:

Telepractice among communication disorders professionals has grown exponentially in recent years. With the rise in telepractice opportunities, easier access to digital practice platforms, and increased Internet access through mobile devices, telepractice is a popular therapeutic modality in the communication disorders field. Telepractice applications have extended beyond therapeutic services alone and into clinical education among speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and audiologists (AUDs). Telepractice has also extended beyond national borders called international telepractice. This practice has the potential to improve access to critical rehabilitative and therapeutic services, build capacity in allied rehabilitation systems, and encourage global bidirectional partnership among SLPs and AUDs. However, this practice should not proceed without caution, and the ethical implications should be carefully and critically considered.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Transformation in a Speech-Language Pathology University Program in South Africa
Authors: Seedat Jaishika , Adams Skye Nandi , Coutts Kim , Kater Kelly-Ann , Sher Jenna , Sawasawa Cynthia
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The far-reaching and extensive ramifications of COVID-19 from the impact on people, sectors, livelihoods, lifestyles, and typical day-to-day routines may only be fully realized over the next decade. Over and above the health sector, education was also hard hit. The harmful effects of the sudden cessation of synchronous learning for learners at every phase of education in South Africa remain perplexing and not yet fully understood. For students in their senior years of qualification in degrees at university, the ramifications of COVID-19 over 2020 have been especially significant given their certain entry into the work arena in 2021.

Method

This article highlights how the understanding of the full impact of COVID-19 in the university space cannot be separated from the struggles that have and continue to permeate higher education in South African universities since the fall of apartheid.

Results

The need for tangible data showing evidence of transformation within lecture spaces, teaching content, staff and student diversity, as well as access and belonging by students within the academic space, has been less than ideal. Thus, despite the writings in policy, evidence of real change at the ground level has been sparse. Although it is easy to nonchalantly overlook a small department, such as that of speech-language pathology, within the larger higher education sector in Johannesburg, South Africa, we showcase what we believe were gains in transformation in our department, until the somewhat rude appearance of COVID-19.

Conclusion

Despite a notable difference in the digital divide between students with and without access (financial, technological, and time), the promulgation for asynchronous online learning to ensure adherence to academic and clinical competency bode well for some, but not all, students.
A risk management framework for power distribution networks undergoing a typhoon disaster
Authors: Mu Yunfei , Li Lin , Hou Kai , Meng Xianjun , Jia Hongjie , Yu Xiaodan , Lin Wei
Published: October 2021

With the increasing distribution network accidents caused by typhoon disasters, risk management in typhoon scenarios is necessary. A risk management framework for power distribution networks (PDNs) undergoing a typhoon disaster is proposed. First, a risk prediction model of the PDN under typhoon conditions based on the Batts model is developed to predict the loss of load risk (LLR) index and economic loss risk (ELR) index of the PDN before the typhoon lands. Then, a vulnerability index of overhead lines, considering the failure frequency of specific overhead lines and their load importance, is introduced for use in a weak link identification model to identify weak links in the PDN. Finally, a two‐time‐step risk relief model based on typhoon forecast information and the identified weak links is developed to allocate PDN relief materials to reduce the LLR and ELR during a typhoon disaster. An IEEE RBTS BUS6 system is employed as a test system to verify the risk management strategy. The vulnerability index proposed by the strategy considers both the importance of load and line failure. The risk management strategy adopts a two‐time‐step model, which reduces the impact of meteorological forecast errors and enables more efficient use of materials. The results show that the proposed framework can take more effective use of relief materials to reduce the loss of PDNs compared with the traditional strategy.
A new method for Synthetic Impulse and Aperture Radar transmitting waveform design based on non‐sequential positive, negative and random carrier frequency coding with dot product approach
Authors: Yaghoubi Aliabad Pourya , Soleimani Hossein , Soleimani Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Synthetic Impulse and Aperture Radar (SIAR) is a kind of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar. It is a four‐dimensional radar that has advantages against stealth targets, multi targets, anti‐radiated missile, reconnaissance and interference, as well as valuable features in high range resolution and high detection probability. SIAR uses special frequency coding separately in each antenna. This code has an essential function in SIAR, such as separating frequency bandwidth, satisfying orthogonality in transmitted signals, suppressing range‐angle and range‐Doppler frequency coupling. Pulse‐to‐pulse frequency code agility is a kind of radar signal coding that is used to suppress the sidelobes in range‐Doppler frequency. In this study, a design method is suggested to transmit waveform based on non‐sequential positive, negative and random carrier frequency coding with the dot product approach in pulse‐to‐pulse frequency code agility, to reduce sidelobes in range‐Doppler frequency coupling. The simulation results showed that this method could effectively remove the strong coupling between range‐Doppler frequency. Removing coupling in the range‐Doppler frequency decreases the sidelobes.
Evolution of microstructure and texture of ultra-thin non-oriented electrical steel manufactured by CSP
Authors: Fan Li-Feng , Qin Mei-Mei , Zhao Xing-Yuan , Zhu Zheng-Hai , Xiao Li-Jun , Jiao-Huang  , Feng-Guo
Published: October 2021

The evolution of the microstructure and texture of CSP thin-gauge non-oriented silicon steel was investigated by OM, XRD and EBSD. Results show: (1) the equiaxed surface grains with 28.13 µm average grains size accounted for 19.14% of through-thickness, while deformed band structure dominated the center layer and the other maintained at a composite structure with the first two. With the cold-rolled reduction rate enhancing to 91.15%, the stratification structure transformed into a complete fibrous structure. Annealing from 925 °C to 975 °C, the average grain size of the annealing plate similarly increased, which begins with 67.3 µm and ends at 80.58 µm. (2) The texture of the hot-rolled sheets mainly located at Cube and Goss texture, while with the cold-rolled process executing, the type and volume of texture change and finally stabilize at α fiber texture ({110}//RD) with the peak at {114}<110> at 91.15% reductions rate. The {411}<148> texture on the α* fiber line throughout maintained the strongest texture at different annealing temperatures. (3) The initial re-crystallization temperature is in the range of 600–620 °C, and the re-crystallization is roughly completed at 700 °C. Part of {411}<148> oriented grains nucleated at {411}<148> sub-grains originated from α fiber deformed structure, and the others nucleate at the grains boundaries of the deformed α fiber grains or in the inner of {111}<110> and {111}<112> grains. When the re-crystallization was accomplished at 750 °C, {411}<148> oriented grains are significantly larger than other oriented grains compared to 680 °C or the less. (4) Best magnetic properties were obtained at 975 °C with the B50 = 1.506 T and P10/400 = 16.19 W/kg.
Geschichte(n) nacherleben – Therapeutischer Einsatz von Märchen bei Demenz
Authors: Kranz Florence
Published: October 2021

„Knusper, knusper, knäuschen“ oder „Spieglein, Spieglein an der Wand“. Märchen sind vielen von uns vertraut, wecken Erinnerungen und rufen Emotionen wach. Außerdem können sie ein Gefühl von Geborgenheit vermitteln, die Beziehung zu anderen Menschen stärken und Interaktion fördern. Diese Erfahrung machte Nina Zinke immer wieder, wenn sie mit demenziell veränderten Menschen arbeitete. So entstand die Idee für ihre Bachelorarbeit, diesem Phänomen wissenschaftlich auf den Grund zu gehen.
Elevated Serum Levels of Carbohydrate Antigen 72–4 in
Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Shi Lei , Meng Jiali , Zhang Bin , Chen Jiandong , Chen Jianzhong , Zhang Jue
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to determine whether carbohydrate antigen 72–4
(CA72–4) is elevated in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and examine the
association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and
CA72–4 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Non-dialysis
patients with T2DM (n=296) and 90 healthy controls were recruited in
this study. CA72–4 level was measured by electrochemiluminescence
immunoassay. DKD was defined as UACR≥ 30 mg/g in the
absence of a urinary infection or other renal diseases. We found that patients
with DKD had significantly higher serum CA72–4 levels compared to those
with normoalbuminuria and healthy controls. Positive rates of CA72–4
increased gradually and markedly from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria and
to macroalbuminuria in diabetic patients (7.5, 11.2, and 17.4%,
respectively; P for trend< 0.05). CA72–4 also showed a
positive correlation with UACR (r=0.288, P< 0.01).
Logistic regression analysis revealed the association of increased UACR with an
increased odds ratio of elevation of CA72–4 levels (P for
trend< 0.05) after multivariable adjustment. In conclusion, serum levels
of CA72–4 increase abnormally with the increase in urinary albumin
excretion, which affects the specificity of diagnosis of malignancies. An
appropriate interpretation of CA72–4 is essential to prevent unnecessary
and even hazardous diagnostic procedures in patients with T2DM.
When Musical Accompaniment Allows the Preferred Spatio-Temporal
Pattern of Movement
Authors: Emmanouil Analina , Rousanoglou Elissavet , Georgaki Anastasia , Boudolos Konstantinos D.
Published: October 2021

A musical accompaniment is often used in movement coordination and stability
exercise modalities, although considered obstructive for their fundament of
preferred movement pace. This study examined if the rhythmic strength of musical
excerpts used in movement coordination and exercise modalities allows the
preferred spatio-temporal pattern of movement. Voluntary and spontaneous body
sway (70 s) were tested (N=20 young women) in a non-musical
(preferred) and two rhythmic strength (RS) musical conditions (Higher:HrRS,
Lower:LrRS). The center of pressure trajectory was used for the body sway
spatio-temporal characteristics (Kistler forceplate, 100 Hz). Statistics
included paired t-tests between each musical condition and the non-musical one,
as well as between musical conditions (p≤0.05). Results indicated no
significant difference between the musical and the non-musical conditions
(p>0.05). The HrRS differed significantly from LrRS only in the
voluntary body sway, with increased sway duration (p=0.03), center of
pressure path (p=0.04) and velocity (p=0.01). The findings
provide evidence-based support for the rhythmic strength recommendations in
movement coordination and stability exercise modalities. The HrRS to LrRS
differences in voluntary body sway most possibly indicate that low-frequency
musical features rather than just tempo and pulse clarity are also
important.
Chirurgie bei gutartigen soliden Lebertumoren
Authors: Jusufi Maximilian Stanley , Habbel Victoria Susanne Antonia , Oldhafer Karl J.
Published: October 2021

Diese Übersicht konzentriert sich auf die 3 häufigsten gutartigen Lebertumoren – hepatische Hämangiome, fokale noduläre Hyperplasien und hepatozelluläre Adenome – und bietet einen Überblick über die klinischen Präsentationen, das diagnostische Vorgehen, das konservative Management sowie die interventionelle und chirurgische Behandlung.
Artificial intelligence versus expert endoscopists for diagnosis of gastric cancer in patients who have undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Niikura Ryota , Aoki Tomonori , Shichijo Satoki , Yamada Atsuo , Kawahara Takuya , Kato Yusuke , Hirata Yoshihiro , Hayakawa Yoku , Suzuki Nobumi , Ochi Masanori , Hirasawa Toshiaki , Tada Tomohiro , Kawai Takashi , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: October 2021

Aims To compare endoscopy gastric cancer images diagnosis rate between artificial intelligence (AI) and expert endoscopists.

Patients and methods We used the retrospective data of 500 patients, including 100 with gastric cancer, matched 1:1 to diagnosis by AI or expert endoscopists. We retrospectively evaluated the noninferiority (prespecified margin 5 %) of the per-patient rate of gastric cancer diagnosis by AI and compared the per-image rate of gastric cancer diagnosis.

Results Gastric cancer was diagnosed in 49 of 49 patients (100 %) in the AI group and 48 of 51 patients (94.12 %) in the expert endoscopist group (difference 5.88, 95 % confidence interval: −0.58 to 12.3). The per-image rate of gastric cancer diagnosis was higher in the AI group (99.87 %, 747 /748 images) than in the expert endoscopist group (88.17 %, 693 /786 images) (difference 11.7 %).

Conclusions Noninferiority of the rate of gastric cancer diagnosis by AI was demonstrated but superiority was not demonstrated.
Aerobic Oxidations via Organocatalysis: A Mechanistic Perspective
Authors: Li Haoran , Wang Yongtao , Yao Jia
Published: October 2021

This review focuses on recent advances and mechanistic views of aerobic C(sp3)–H oxidations catalyzed by organocatalysts, where metal catalysis and photocatalysis are not included.

1 Introduction

2 Carbanion Route: TBD-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Oxygenation

2.1 α-Hydroxylation of Ketones

2.2 Carbonylation of Benzyl C(sp3)–H

3 Radical Route: NHPI-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Oxidation

3.1 N-Oxyl Radicals and Mechanisms

3.2 Oxygenation of Benzyl C(sp3)–H

3.3 Solvent Effects

4 Hydride-Transfer Route: TEMPO-Catalyzed Oxidations

4.1 Oxoammonium Cation and Mechanisms

4.2 Dehydrogenation of Alcohols

4.3 Oxygenation of Benzyl C(sp3)–H

5 Conclusions and Outlook
Triple Intussusception in an Adult—A Rare Presentation of Adenocarcinoma Ileum
Authors: Jadhav Kirankumar P. , Krishnan Gayathri
Published: October 2021

Intestinal intussusception is uncommon in adults. It occurs more often in the small intestine than in the colon. In adults, when small bowel intussusception occurs, it can be due to a malignant lead point. Malignant etiology is most frequently due to diffuse metastatic disease. We present a rare case of an 18-year-old woman who was diagnosed with jejunojejunal, jejunoileal, and colocolic intussusceptions. She presented with vomiting, abdominal pain, and passage of semisolid stools for 5 days. During emergency exploratory laparotomy, multiple polyps were found in the jejunum, ileum, and sigmoid. Jejunotomy and sigmoidotomy were done to remove the respective polyps. The ileal polyp showed hemorrhagic changes; hence, an intraoperative decision was taken to proceed with resection and anastomosis. On histopathological examination, the resected ileal part showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (grade 2) arising from an adenomatous polyp, while the jejunal polyp and sigmoid polyp were adenomatous polyps with low-grade dysplasia. Patient received six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPEOX regimen). After 2 years, she is symptom free with a normal colonoscopy. The treatment of intussusception in adults typically involves surgery, often with bowel resection as there is always a pathologic leading cause which may be malignant, like in our case.
Aortic Dissection in a Case of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tabassum Tania , Brazier Andrew , Garcia Miguel , Pettemerides Victoria , Barnard James
Published: October 2021

Management of acute Type A aortic dissection can be complicated by patient comorbidities. We describe the case of a 29-year-old female with preexisting peripartum cardiomyopathy who developed a Type A dissection. Surgery was performed and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was instituted. She left hospital on the 71st postoperative day. It is extremely rare for a patient with cardiomyopathy to develop an aortic dissection. Deferring this patient's surgery to an ECMO center was crucial for her survival.
Analysis of atomic Pauli potentials and their large-Z limit
Authors: Redd Jeremy J. , Cancio Antonio C.
Published: October 2021

Modeling the Pauli energy, the contribution to the kinetic energy caused by Pauli statistics, without using orbitals is the open problem of orbital-free density functional theory. An important aspect of this problem is correctly reproducing the Pauli potential, the response of the Pauli kinetic energy to a change in density. We analyze the behavior of the Pauli potential of non-relativistic neutral atoms under Lieb–Simon scaling—the process of taking nuclear charge and particle number to infinity, in which the kinetic energy tends to the Thomas–Fermi limit. We do this by mathematical analysis of the near-nuclear region and by calculating the exact orbital-dependent Pauli potential using the approach of Levy and Ouyang for closed-shell atoms out to element Z = 976. In rough analogy to Lieb and Simon’s own findings for the charge density, we find that the potential does not converge smoothly to the Thomas–Fermi limit on a point-by-point basis but separates into several distinct regions of behavior. Near the nucleus, the potential approaches a constant given by the difference in energy between the lowest and highest occupied eigenvalues. We discover a transition region in the outer core where the potential deviates unexpectedly and predictably from both the Thomas–Fermi potential and the gradient expansion correction to it. These results may provide insight into the semi-classical description of Pauli statistics and new constraints to aid the improvement of orbital-free density functional theory functionals.
A Database of Experimentally Derived and Estimated Octanol–Air Partition Ratios (KOA)
Authors: Baskaran Sivani , Lei Ying Duan , Wania Frank
Published: October 2021

Equilibrium partition coefficients or partition ratios are a fundamental concept in physical chemistry, with wide applications in environmental chemistry. While comprehensive data compilations for the octanol–water partition ratio and the Henry’s law constant have existed for many years, no comparable effort for the octanol–air partition ratio (KOA) exists. Considering the increasing use of KOA in understanding a chemical’s partitioning between a wide variety of organic phases (organic phases in atmospheric particles, plant foliage, polymeric sorbents, soil organic matter, animal tissues, etc.) and the gas phase, we have compiled all KOA values reported in the published literature. The dataset includes more than 2500 experimentally derived values and more than 10 000 estimated values for KOA, in total covering over 1500 distinct molecules. The range of measured log10 KOA values extends from −2 to 13. Many more measured values have been reported in the log10 KOA range from 2 to 5 and from 6 to 11 compared to the range from 5 to 6, which is due to the complementary applicability range of static and dynamic measurement techniques. The compilation also identifies measured data that are judged not reliable. KOA values for substances capable of undergoing strong hydrogen bonding derived from regressions with retention times on nonpolar gas chromatographic columns deviate strongly from values estimated by prediction techniques that account for such intermolecular interactions and should be considered suspect. It is hoped that the database will serve as a source for locating existing KOA data and for the calibration and evaluation of new KOA prediction techniques.
Force spectroscopy with electromagnetic tweezers
Authors: Piccolo Joseph G. , Méndez Harper Joshua , McCalla Derrica , Xu Wenxuan , Miller Sam , Doan Jessie , Kovari Dan , Dunlap David , Finzi Laura
Published: October 2021

Force spectroscopy using magnetic tweezers (MTs) is a powerful method to probe the physical characteristics of single polymers. Typically, molecules are functionalized for specific attachment to a glass surface at one end and a micrometer-scale paramagnetic bead at the other end. By applying an external magnetic field, multiple molecules can be stretched and twisted simultaneously without exposure to potentially damaging radiation. The majority of MTs utilize mobile, permanent magnets to produce forces on the beads (and the molecule under test). However, translating and rotating the permanent magnets may require expensive precision actuators, limit the rate at which force can be changed, and may induce vibrations that disturb tether dynamics and bead tracking. Alternatively, the magnetic field can be produced with an electromagnet, which allows fast force modulation and eliminates motor-associated vibration. Here, we describe a low-cost quadrapolar electromagnetic tweezer design capable of manipulating DNA-tethered MyOne paramagnetic beads with forces as high as 15 pN. The solid-state nature of the generated B-field modulated along two axes is convenient for accessing the range of forces and torques relevant for studying the activity of DNA motor enzymes like polymerases and helicases. Our design specifically leverages technology available at an increasing number of university maker spaces and student-run machine shops. Thus, it is an accessible tool for undergraduate education that is applicable to a wide range of biophysical research questions.
Fabrication and characterization of a self-aligned gate stack for electronics applications
Authors: Brummer Amy C. , Mohabir Amar T. , Aziz Daniel , Filler Michael A. , Vogel Eric M.
Published: October 2021

A metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) gate stack that is self-aligned with the underlying silicon doping profile is demonstrated. We combine a new hybrid bottom-up patterning technique with atomic layer deposition (ALD) to selectively deposit a platinum-hafnium dioxide-silicon MOS gate stack. A poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brush is blanket grown from a Si(100) surface and selectively removed from the lightly doped (∼1018 cm−3) regions using a doping-selective KOH etch. The PMMA brush that remains on the heavily doped (∼1020 cm−3) regions effectively blocks the ALD of both HfO2 and platinum. MOS capacitors exhibit promising capacitance-voltage characteristics with a HfO2 dielectric constant of ∼25 and an average interface state density of 2.1 × 1011 eV−1 cm−2 following forming gas anneal.
Generalized diffusion equation with nonlocality of space-time: Analytical and numerical analysis
Authors: Kostrobij P. , Tokarchuk M. , Markovych B. , Ryzha I.
Published: October 2021

We present a general approach for obtaining the generalized transport equations for weakly nonequilibrium processes with fractional derivatives by using the Liouville equation with fractional derivatives for a system of classical particles and the Zubarev nonequilibrium statistical operator method. A generalized diffusion equation for a system of classical particles in fractional derivatives is obtained for weakly nonequilibrium processes. Based on the non-Markov diffusion equation, taking into account the spatial nonlocality and modeling the generalized coefficient of particle diffusion Dαα′(r,r′;t,t′)=W(t,t′)D̄αα′(r,r′) using fractional calculus, the generalized Cattaneo–Maxwell-type diffusion equation in fractional time and space derivatives is obtained. In the case of a constant diffusion coefficient, analytical and numerical studies of the frequency spectrum for the Cattaneo–Maxwell diffusion equation in fractional time and space derivatives are performed. Numerical calculations of the phase and group velocities with a change in values of characteristic relaxation time, diffusion coefficient, and indices of temporal ξ and spatial α nonlocality are carried out.
Evolution of defects and charge carrier transport mechanism in fluorine-doped tin oxide thin films upon thermal treatment
Authors: Zhou Yawei , Liu Zhe , He Chunqing , Yin Chongshan
Published: October 2021

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin films were prepared by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The defects and charge carrier transport behavior in FTO thin films were evaluated during the transition process from amorphous to nanocrystalline structures. The stable lattice structure in FTO thin films was obtained as the annealing temperature reached 400 °C. Positron annihilation results indicated that defect evolution in the FTO thin films was shown in two stages, formation and reduction of vacancies/vacancy clusters. The carrier mobility of the FTO thin films annealed at 600 °C was enhanced twice the amount than that of the unannealed samples. The correlation between the results obtained from positron annihilation and the Hall effect revealed the importance of defect scattering in deciding the charge carrier mobility. A defect scattering mechanism was proposed to interpret the noticeable increment of carrier mobility in FTO thin films after thermal treatment.