bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are controlled companies underperforming?
Authors: Le Linh , Nie Dongfang
Published: December 2020

Research Question: Are controlled companies underperforming in the United States? Motivation: Anecdotal evidence shows that the average market capitalization of controlled firms increased from $8.3 billion in 2005 to $20.6 billion in 2015. Given the rapid increase in capitalization, the group of controlled companies has become an important player in the US capital market. However, little is known about controlled companies. Idea: We examine whether controlled companies are underperforming relative to non-controlled companies in the United States. Data: The data sample consists of 351 listed companies in the United States for the fiscal year 2014. Tools: 176 controlled companies were manually collected by performing the keyword search “controlled company” from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commissions (SEC) website via “www.seekedgar.com/”. Specifically, we search “controlled company” from proxy statement DEF 14A. Each controlled company is verified after reading through the proxy statement. Findings: Using 176 controlled companies and 176 random sampled non-controlled companies, we find that controlled companies are underperforming compared to non-controlled companies. Contribution: To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to collect the group of controlled companies in the US and we are among the first to study how firm performs under the type II agency problem (Pantzalis et al. 1998). We contribute to the stream of literature on how ownership structure (e.g., family-controlled firms) affects firm performance (Anderson & Reeb, 2003). Consistent with the findings from family-controlled firms, we show that ownership structure affects firm performance. Out study sheds light on the important role of controlled companies in the US capital market.
Impact of YouTube advertising on purchase intention: A Pitch
Authors: Rehman Mehak , Iqbal Haroon
Published: December 2020

Internet technology has proved its worth in every field of life. Due to its vast penetration, organisations started using this technology as a marketing platform. YouTube is one of the online platforms which is subscribed by millions of users and has become a reliable chanel for advertising. However, the understanding regarding the effectiveness of YouTube advertising remains limited. Accordingly, this PRL applies the pitching template developed by Faff (2015; 2019) to an academic project titled “Impact of YouTube Advertising on Purchase Intention”. In this PRL, researchers develop a framework for a research project to identify the core elements of the research. This letter consists of introduction section, followed by pitchers’ brief commentary and personal reflection on pitching exercise.
Börülce Tanesinin Kalite Kriterlerine Farklı Yer ve Ekim Zamanlarının Etkisi
Authors: İdikut Leyla , Zulkadir Gülay , Polat Cumali , Çiftçi Songül , Önem Ayşe Betül
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Kahramanmaraş ve Şanlıurfa koşullarında, 20 Nisan, 5 Mayıs, 20 Mayıs, 5 Haziran, 20 Haziran, 5 Temmuz, 20 Temmuz tarihlerinde ekim zamanları uygulamalarının Şimal börülce çeşidinin kalite kriterlerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde, dört tekerrürlü olarak 2015 yılında kurulmuştur. Şimal börülce (Vigna sinensis L.) çeşidinin bakla uzunluğu, baklada tane sayısı, kuru ot ağırlığı, nem oranı, yağ oranı, protein oranı, nişasta oranı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda börülce çeşidinin baklada tane sayısı, kuru ot verimi, nem oranı, yağ oranı, protein oranı değerlerinin deneme yerleri, ekim zamanları, deneme yerleri x ekim zamanı interaksiyonları yönünden önemli derecede farklılık gösterdiği kaydedilmiştir. Bakla uzunluğunun deneme yerleri ve ekim zamanları yönünden önemsiz olduğu ve nişasta oranın deneme yerleri ve deneme yerleri x ekim zamanları interaksiyonu yönünden farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Börülce çeşidinin baklada tane sayısı 7-11,37 adet, kuru ot verimi 361,2-1631,3 kg/da, nem oranı % 10,87-13,44, yağ oranı % 1,28-2,11, protein oranı % 22,81-25,45 ve nişasta oranı % 42,11-49,77 arasında değişim gösterdiği kaydedilmiştir. Sonuç olarak börülcenin araştırılan özelliklerinin çevresel faktörlerden etkilendiği gözlenmiştir.
Determination of Feed Values of Different Physical Processed Common Vetch Seed (Vicia Sativa) by in Vitro Gas Production Technique
Authors: Işık Yasemin , Kaya Adem
Published: December 2020

In this study, in vitro gas production values, gas production parameters (a, b, a+b and c) and organic matter digestibilities (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) contents, chemical compositions and feed values of different physical processed (raw, soaked, boiled and roasted) common vetch seeds (Vicia sativa) were determined by in vitro gas production technique. Rumen fluid, used in this study, was obtained by probe from one Holstein bull (seven years old, average live weight= 650 kg) raised at Research and Application Farm of Agricultural Faculty Atatürk University. Raw and treated common vetch seeds were incubated for 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 ve 96 hours for the determination of in vitro gas production values and gas production parameters in rumen fluid. It was observed significant differences among all of the common vetch seeds in terms of chemical composition (DM, CA, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, ADL) values (P
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Intra-row Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of ‘Improved Huruta‘ Shallot Variety (Allium cepa var.ascalonicum) at Haramaya, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Hordofa Tsegaye Shimelis , Woldetsadik Kebede , Mohammed Wassu
Published: December 2020

Agronomic practices for the newly released shallot variety have not been conducted in Eastern Ethiopia. To assess the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and intra-row spacing, a field experiment was conducted in 2017 which consisted of seven rates of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75,100,125 and 150 kg N ha-1) and three intra-row spacing (7.5, 10 and 12.5 cm) in factorial combination and it was laid out in a RCBD with three replications. Results of the analysis revealed that all bulb yield and yield components of the variety were highly significantly influenced by the main effects of nitrogen fertilizer and intra-row spacing. Moreover, the interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and intra-row spacing significantly influenced days to maturity, plant height, and average bulb weight and bulb dry matter. The application of 125 kg N ha-1gave high total and marketable bulb yield advantage of 32.45% (13.89 t ha-1) and 40.8% (15.47 t ha-1), respectively over the control. Plants spaced at 7.5 cm had total and marketable bulb yield advantage of 35.94% (14.54 t ha-1) and 32.83% (12.42 t ha-1), respectively over plants spaced at 12.5 cm. Therefore, intra-row spacing of 7.5 cm with the application of 125 kg N ha-1 is used for optimum yield in the study area although further research should be needed to come up with conclusive recommendation.
Effects of The Use of Colored Cover Materials and Led Lighting in Greenhouses on Plant Nutrient Concentration: Case of Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Atılgan Atılgan , Erdal İbrahim , Aktaş Hakan , çetin Eren
Published: December 2020

In this study, the effects of four different color plastic greenhouse treatments on nutrient concentrations of leaf and fruit, leaf SPAD (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development) values and some yield parameters of tomato were tried to be determined. For this purpose, plastic greenhouses with Red (RedG), Blue (BlueG), Colorless (ConG) and white Led (LedG) lighting have been used as materials in the research. The used plastic greenhouses are 3 m in width, 6 m in length, 2 m in sidewall height and 2.8 m in roof ridge height. Led lighting is; Three hours of extra lighting is planned for one hour before sunrise, 2 hours after sunset. The research was carried out in ISUBU (Isparta), Faculty of Agriculture, field area in the summer season in 2019. The nutrient elements of K, Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe were determined in the leaf and of the tomato plant. It has been determined that four different greenhouse treatments have a positive effect on K, Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe nutrients in leaf, and K, Ca, P, Mg nutrient in fruit. In terms of SPAD values, all treatments were determined to be higher than the control treatment. It was determined that the highest SPAD value was in BlueG treatment. When the efficiency-related values are examined; It was determined that the highest fruit number, fruit weight and yield were in BlueG treatment. BlueG treatment was followed by RedG, ConG, and LedG treatment respectively in terms of efficiency. As a result, considering the effects of four different greenhouse treatments on macro and micronutrient nutritions SPAD values, and yield values, it was concluded that the most suitable treatments for tomato cultivation in greenhouses is BlueG treatment and RedG treatment should not be ignored.
Risk Assessment of Pesticidal Toxicity and Threats on Pollinators: A Review on Honey Bee
Authors: Naharki Kushal , Regmi Sabina
Published: December 2020

Pollinators play vital roles to the environment, biodiversity conservation, food security and several dimensions of global sustainable development. Honey bee is an important pollinator globally but has been exposed to increasing threats from diseases, pesticides and biotic stresses. This review paper highlights the role of honey bees as pollinators, addresses threats which influence decline of honey bees and assess pesticidal risk toxicity on non-target organisms. Decline of honey bee population is caused by several factors including habitat fragmentation, pesticidal toxicity, colony collapse disorder and climate change. Pesticidal residue and toxicity has an adverse effect which results in honey bee population decline, disturb foraging and contamination of bee products. Residues of agricultural pesticides like pyrethroid and neonicotinoid pose a serious threat on honey bee health further reducing agricultural production and diversity. Pesticidal risk assessments are carried out to study effects of pesticides on pollinators with an aim to provide measures to safeguard their abundance, diversity and health. Sustainable agriculture, effective policy and proper management can decrease pollinators' risk by helping to diversify the agriculture for pollen and nectars with reduced usage of pesticides and proper management.
A Study on Milk Yield, Fertility and Milk Quality Characteristics of Primiparous Red-Holstein and Holstein-Friesian Cows
Authors: Koç Atakan , Gürses Ramazan
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the reproductive characteristics, milk yield and milk quality of Primiparous Red-Holstein (RH) and Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows. For this aim, records and monthly taken milk samples of 83 RH and 14 HF raised on a farm in Aydın, Turkey were used. The averages of the first calving age (FCA), gestation length (GL), days open (DO), calving interval (CI), daily milk yield (DMY), 305-day milk yield (305-dMY), solid non-fat (SNF) and Log10 somatic cell count (Log10SCC) of milk were found to be 27.6±0.24 mo, 278.4±1.09 d, 144.0±7.12 d, 421.4±7.66 d, 22.7±0.21 kg, 6981±137.0 kg, 9.8±0.04% and 4.59±0.024 (38905 cells/ml), respectively. Except for DMY, the differences between the breeds were statistically insignificant for FCA, GL, DO, CI, 305-dMY, SNF and Log10SCC. DMY averages for RH and HF were 21.8±0.21 kg and 24.3±0.49 kg, respectively. The effect of season on FCA and the effect of lactation month on SNF and Log10SCC were also found to be statistically significant. Apart from DMY, not any significant difference was observed between RH and HF breeds in terms of the characteristics emphasized.
Changes in Semen, Hormonal profile and Testicular Morphology of West African Dwarf Goat Bucks treated with Danazol
Authors: Raji Lukman Oladimeji , Babashani Mohammed , Akorede Ganiyu Jimoh , Olatunji Aishat O , Sanusi Fatima , Idris Yusuf , Biobaku Khalid Tahlia
Published: December 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in semen characteristics, hormonal profile and testicular morphometry of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat bucks treated with danazol. For this purpose, eighteen matured WAD bucks average of about two years were randomly divided into groups A, B and C comprising of six bucks per group. Group A was the control while B and C bucks were given danazol at a dose rate of 20mg/kg body weight orally daily for four weeks. The group B bucks‘ testes were harvested thereafter for gross and histo-morphometric studies while those of group C were left intact but danazol treatment was withdrawn for four more weeks. The bucks‘ semen samples (collected by electro-ejaculation) and hormonal samples (taken via the jugular vein) were analyzed. The semen characteristics studied included color, volume, mass activity, motility, percentage normal live-dead ratio, morphology and concentration; while the hormones studied included testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Results show that there were significant decreases in semen characteristics of group B and C bucks compared with those of group A in the first four weeks. The semen characteristics of the group C bucks were reversed to normal range (similar to those of group A bucks) two weeks after danazol treatment was withdrawn. Similar results were observed with the hormonal studies. In conclusion, danazol caused a reversed reduction in sperm cells characteristics suggesting its possible use as a contraceptive in WAD goat bucks.
Seleksiyonla Elde Edilmiş Bazı Ceviz Genotiplerinde SRAP Tekniği Kullanılarak Genetik Çeşitliliğin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Yaman Mehmet , Yıldız Ercan , Pınar Hasan , Uzun Aydın , Sümbül Ahmet , Alkan Şule
Published: December 2020

Türkiye bitki çeşitliliği bakımından ender ülkeler arasındadır. Bu durumun bir örneği de ülke genelinde tohumdan yetişen ceviz çöğürlerindeki varyasyondur. Bu farklılığın ceviz ıslahında kullanılabilmesi için genetik materyalin ismine doğru olması ve aralarındaki genetik ilişkilerin belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada Uşak ilinden seleksiyon ile elde edilmiş bazı ceviz genotiplerinde genetik çeşitliliğin moleküler markörler ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 19 adet SRAP markör kombinasyonu kullanılmıştır. Bu markörlerden sayıları 2 ile 18 arasında değişen toplam 171 skorlanabilir bant elde edilmiş olup, bunların %77,2‘si polimorfik olarak bulunmuştur. Markörlerden elde edilen bantların baz uzunlukları ise 100-1500 bp arasında değişim göstermiştir. Ceviz genotiplerine ait benzerlik oranı 0,21 – 0,85 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Çalışma sonucuna göre SRAP markör sisteminin ceviz genotipleri arasında genetik çeşitliliği belirlemede etkili şekilde kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.
Farklı Mikoriza Türleri, Kompost ve Fosfat Kayacı Uygulamalarının Sorgum Bitkisinin Gelişimine Etkileri
Authors: Akpınar Çağdaş , Demirbaş Ahmet , Ortaş İbrahim
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma, farklı mikoriza türleri aşılaması ile birlikte farklı dozlarda kompost ve fosfat kayacı uygulamalarının sorgum bitkisinin gelişimi ve besin elementleri alımına olan etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Denemede kompost dozları 0, 20, 40 g kompost/kg toprak, fosfat kayacı dozları 0, 2, 4 g fosfat kayacı/kg toprak olarak uygulanmış, mikoriza türleri olarak; Funnelformis mosseae, F. caledonius, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus clarus, doğal ve kokteyl (karışım) kullanılmıştır. Hasat sonunda kök ve kök üstü aksam kuru madde üretimleri, fosfor (P) ve çinko (Zn) konsantrasyonları ve mikorizal kök infeksiyonu analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, mikoriza aşılaması sorgum bitkisinin kök ve kök üstü aksam kuru madde üretimine, P, Zn ve kök infeksiyonuna fosfat kayacı ve kompost uygulamalarına göre daha fazla oranda etki etmiştir. En etkili mikoriza türü olarak F. caledonius ön plana çıkmaktadır. Kompost uygulamalarında 20 ve 40 g/kg toprak doz uygulamaları etkin bulunur iken, fosfat kayacında ise yetiştirme süresinin kısalığı nedeniyle fosfat kayacının yeterince çözünemediği kanısına varılmıştır.
Üniversite Yerleşkelerinde Peyzaj Master Planları
Authors: Çon Sefer , Polat Zöhre
Published: December 2020

Araştırmada üniversite ve yerleşke kavramı, üniversitelerin gelişim süreçleri ele alınıp, dünyadan ve Türkiye‘den örnekler sunulmuştur. Üniversite yerleşkelerindeki master planlar, sürdürülebilir master planlar ve üniversite yerleşkelerinde peyzaj master planlarla ilgili araştırmalar yapışmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, dünyadaki örnekler içerisinden değerlendirilen 20 üniversiteden 16‘sında yerleşke master planlarının bulunduğu, Türkiye‘deki örnekler içerisinden değerlendirilen 20 üniversitenin ise 12 ‘sinde yerleşke master planlarının bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Dünya genelinde incelenen 10 üniversitenin 7‘sinde yerleşke peyzaj master planı olduğu, Türkiye genelinde incelenen 10 üniversitenin ise sadece 2‘sinde yerleşke peyzaj master planı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, üniversite yerleşkelerinde master planların ve peyzaj master planlarının hazırlanmasının gerekliliği ile ilgili öneriler sunulmuştur.
Portakal Suyunun Pastörizasyonunda Mikrodalga ve Termosonikasyon Uygulamalarının Kalite Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Bozkır Hamza , Rayman Ergün Ahsen
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, mikrodalga, termosonikasyon ve geleneksel olmak üzere üç farklı yöntemle portakal sularının pastörize edilmesi ve kalite özelliklerinin kıyaslanmasıdır. Bu çalışmada termosonikasyon, mikrodalga (540, 720, 900W) ve geleneksel yöntemle aynı sıcaklıkta (85Â°C) pastörize edilen taze sıkılmış portakal sularında pektin metil esteraz enzim inaktivasyonu incelenmiş ve C vitamini, renk değerleri, toplam fenolik madde ve toplam karotenoid miktarları ölçülmüştür. Geleneksel, termosonikasyon ve mikrodalga ile pastörize edilen portakal sularının işlem süreleri sırasıyla 180, 120 ve 60-85 s olarak tespit edilmiştir. Pektin metil esteraz enziminin aktivasyonu en fazla (%95,64) 900 W gücünde mikrodalga uygulamasında saptanmıştır. Toplam fenolik madde içeriğindeki kayıp taze portakal suyuna kıyasla termosonikasyon işlemi ile %6,15 iken, geleneksel yöntemde bu kayıp %16,11 olarak bulunmuştur. Toplam renk farkı 7,98 değeri ile en düşük termosonikasyon uygulamasında bulunmuş, en yüksek C vitamini içeriği (52,52 mg/100 mL) ise 540 W gücünde mikrodalga uygulaması ile pastörize edilen örneklerde saptanmıştır.
Kıl Keçilerinde Üreme Mevsiminde Kızgınlık Senkronizasyonu Uygulamasının Döl Verimi ve Doğum Ağırlığı Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Şirin Ebru , Şirin Emre , Genç Serdar
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma ile Kıl keçilerinde üreme mevsimi içinde kızgınlık senkronizasyon uygulamasının döl verimi üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hayvan materyali olarak 3-5 yaş aralığında toplam 200 baş kıl keçisi kullanılmıştır. Keçiler eşit sayıda olacak şekilde iki gruba ayrılmışlardır (Kontrol grubu, KG n=100; Kızgınlık senkronizasyon grubu, KS, n=100). KS grubuna, 30 mg flugeston asetat içeren sünger takılmış ve 12 gün sonra çıkarılarak hayvan başına 500 IU PMSG kas içi uygulanmıştır. 4 gün süreyle kıl tekeleri kullanılarak çiftleştirme işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Teke katım işlemi her iki grupta da aynı anda başlatılıp 4 gün sonra sonlandırılmıştır. Tekiz doğum oranı KG‘da %72, KS grubunda ise %35 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Teke altı keçi başına doğan oğlak sayısı ve doğuran keçi başına doğan oğlak sayısı sırasıyla KG‘da 1,20 ve 1,59, KS grubunda ise 1,25 ve 1,64 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Kıl keçilerinde üreme mevsimi içinde kızgınlık senkronizasyon uygulaması döl verimini iyileştirmiştir.
Designing Rice for the 22nd Century: Towards a Rice with an Enhanced Productivity and Efficient Photosynthetic Pathway
Authors: Thapa Rabin , Bhusal Nabin
Published: December 2020

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been cultivated as an important cereal crop for more than 9,000 years and more than half of the world‘s population depend on rice as it is their primary source of energy. Almost 30% of the current world cereal production is represented by the rice alone. It is estimated that the world‘s population will reach 9.1 billion by 2050 i.e. 34 percent higher than today and for ensuring an ample amount of food and nutrition to such large population, global consumption of cereals will need to increase from 2.6 to 2.9 billion tonnes by 2027. On the other hand, the impacts of climate change in agriculture are expected to be negative, threatening the global food security. Besides, agriculture and global food security will be severely affected due to the COVID-19 pandemics as its after-effects are yet to be ascertained. The world needs an introduction of a new “Green revolution” in agriculture to increase crop production for food security and biofuel, because conventional breeding method have not brought much of gains not keeping its pace with the world population growth. Hence, the current study was done to review the various ongoing approaches and possible ways of designing a rice with enhanced productivity and photosynthetic capacity. One of the ways to increase yields, photosynthetic capacity accompanied by an increased Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Nutrient Use Efficiency could be to introduce C4 traits into rice. Besides, genetic engineering using CRISPR-Cas9, molecular breeding, developing ideotype, heterosis breeding, developing apomictic rice, nitrogen fixing rice, use of nanotechnology as well as precision farming are the probable future approaches for designing a rice with high productivity. However, there are challenges and limitations in developing such rice and further research in this matter could help us get closer to developing the future rice.
ÇOCUK VE ERGEN PSİKİYATRİSİ POLİKLİNİĞİNDE KRİZ DÖNEMİNDE DANIŞMANLIK ALAN HASTALARIN ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: ERSÖZ ALAN Burcu
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Çocuğun olayları değerlendirmesi ve onlarla başa çıkabilmesi bilişsel ve duygusal gelişim özellikleri ile ailesinin ve çevresinin verdiği tepkilere bağlıdır. Boşanma gibi dışsal olayların ve yaşa özgü gelişimsel krizlerin uygun çözümlenmesi sağlıklı duygusal ve psikososyal gelişim için gereklidir. Aileler yaşam olayları ya da gelişim dönemiyle ilgili konularda uygun davranabilmek için çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisine başvurabilir. Bu çalışmada ailenin ya da çocuğun işlevini bozduğu için kısa süre içinde danışmanlık gerektiren, belirgin bir psikopatoloji tanısı almayan, gelişimsel ve durumsal yaşam olayları nedeniyle yapılan başvurular değerlendirilmiştir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Mayıs 2017-Mart 2018 tarihleri arasında Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi polikliniğine ayaktan başvuran 33 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak taranmıştır.Bulgular: Hastaların %33.3’ünün (n:11) erkek olduğu ve yaş ortalamasının 9.21±3.90 yıl (minimum:1.24 yıl, maksimum:15.52 yıl) olduğu saptanmıştır. En fazla ilk çocuk (%51.5, s:17), sonra ikinci (%27.3, n:9) ve üçüncü çocuk (%6.1, n:2) getirilmiştir. En sık başvuru nedenleri ailede iletişim ve/veya disiplin/tutum sorunları (%48.6, n:18) ile boşanma (%37.1, n:13) olmuştur. Kız ve erkek çocuklarının sayısı boşanma nedeniyle olan başvurularda birbirine yakındır. Ailede iletişim ve tutum sorunları ayrışma-bireyselleşme, özerklik, sınırlar ve kimlik gelişimi ile ilgilidir.Sonuç: Kız çocuklarının daha fazla başvurmaları çalışmaya psikopatoloji riski olan başvuruların dahil edilmemesi ile ilgili olabilir. Çocukların boşanmaya tepkileri cinsiyetten bağımsız olup boşanma öncesinde, süresince ve sonrasında yaşanan olaylara bağlıdır. Koruyucu ruh sağlığı açısından ailelerin doğru bilgilere ulaşabileceği kaynaklar, merkezler ve eğitimler planlanmalıdır.
Survival Kit
Authors: Agra Pardiñas Maria Jesus , Trigo Cristina , Vidal Ana
Published: December 2020

This action was performed during the InSEA European Regional Congress in Lisbon, 2016, in the opening ceremony. 100 kits were distributed with instruction manuals in Portuguese; Spanish and English. The conception and design of the kit by Maria Jesus Agra Pardiñas; Cristina Trigo; Ana Vidal aimed to point the attention of art educators and researchers from the International Society of Education Through Art, InSEA to the cuts in the arts in the educational public systems of neoliberal governments in Europe, which were and still are trying to reduce or even eliminate the role of the arts and humanities in public education.
The Impact of Business Strategy on Firm Performance of Listed Firms in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Khuong , Minh Thu Le Phan , Bao Han Luong , Minh Dan Nguyen Thuy , Mai Pham Truc , Hieu Thao Tran Nguyen
Published: December 2020

This study was conducted to contribute empirical evidence of the impact of Michael Porter’s business strategy on performance in Vietnamese listed firms. Based on data from 620 firms on the Vietnamese stock exchange from 2010 to 2019, we use a quantitative research method to demonstrate the positive association between performance and differentiation strategy. We found cost leadership strategy has no meaning. Based on the results, we make implications for listed firms and regulatory agencies which will contribute to improving firm performance.
weevil Dynamis borassi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae) associated with native palms in forests and disturbed areas in Buenaventura, Colombia
Authors: Bautista-Giraldo Maria Alejandra , Armbrecht Inge , Vásquez-Ordoñez Aymer Andrés
Published: December 2020

Deforestation produces homogeneous agricultural environments creating an imbalance between herbivores and their hosts. Since 2010, there has been a phytosanitary crisis in the peach palm (or chontaduro), Bactris gasipaes in the Colombian Pacific Region which can be attributed to two species of palm weevils: Rhynchophorus palmarum and Dynamis borassi. It has been proposed that deforestation of native palms, used by these weevils, induces these to find new resources in the peach palm. This study examined the association of these two weevils with native palms near chontaduro crops and how this occurs in two types of habitats. Six secondary forests and six anthropogenically disturbed areas were visited in third administrative division: “corregimientos” 1 and 2 (Zone A) and 7 and 8 (Zone B) in the municipality of Buenaventura. Three 50 x 100 m plots were designated in each zone, all palms with damage being recorded; the sampling was also complemented with a free sample. Twelve palm species distributed into one subfamily and nine generawere identified. A total of 271 unopened inflorescences were examined in Zone A and 501 in Zone B. Only evidence of damage was found in individuals of the “milpesos” palm (Oenocarpus bataua), an economically exploitable species. The proportion of palms affected in terms of habitat was significantly higher in the disturbed habitat. This is the first record that quantifies a high percentage of association between D. borassi and the “milpesos” palm in the Colombian Pacific Region, a phenomenon that could be explained by agroecological hypotheses.
Efficient one-pot three-component synthesis of 2H-indazole [2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-triones at room temperature
Authors: Pisal Parshuram M. , Kamble Vinod T. , Varala Ravi , Gujarathi Pradip B.
Published: December 2020

Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and cesium carbonate (Cs2O3) catalyzed, one-pot three-component synthesis of 2H-indazole[2,1b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-triones was developed at room temperature in ethanol. Both electron donating and withdrawing groups are compatible under the optimized reaction parameters.
Facile microwave synthesis of a novel phenothiazine derivative and its cytotoxic activity
Authors: Andac Cenk A.
Published: December 2020

Herein, a facile procedure for microwave synthesis and NMR characterization of phenothiazine derivatives 10-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-(methylsulphanyl)-10H-phenothiazine (3) (25% yield) and 1-[3-(2-methylsulfanyl-10H-phenothiazine-10-yl)-propyl]pyrimidine-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione (6) (67% yield) is described. After successful microwave synthesis steps, MTT cytotoxicity experiments gave rise to greater anticancer effect of compound 6 in MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (IC50= 1.35 µM) as compared to literature values for tamoxifen (IC50= 8.3 µM) and doxorubicin (IC50= 27 µM).
Cycloaddition reactions of 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione (PTAD) and 4-methyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione (MTAD): A short review
Authors: Korol Nataliya , Slivka Mikhailo , Holovko-Kamoshenkova Oksana
Published: December 2020

The sources, describing cycloaddition reactions with the participation of 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione (PTAD) and 4-methyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione (MTAD) were reviewed from the middle 1970s and they are mentioned in chronological order. It was noted that the most investigated are Diels-Alder reactions and cycloaddition to a few cyclic mono- and dienes. Stereochemistry of obtained products are also described.
Synthesis of ɣ-glutamyl β-cyanoalanine precursor
Authors: Ün Şule , Altundas Ramazan , Goren Ahmet C
Published: December 2020

The synthesis of precursors of neurotoxic ɣ-glutamyl β-cyanoalanine was developed starting from L-Serine via through the preparation of b-cyanoalanine and glutamyl units. Coupling of these two intermediates gave methyl ester of ɣ-glutamyl β-cyanoalanine precursor.
Synthesis, anticancer activities and molecular modeling studies of some 2-aminonaphtho[2,3-d][1,3]thiazole-4,9-dione derivatives
Authors: Yanık Hülya , Ayan Sümeyra , Akdemir Atİlla , Erdoğan Ömer , Üstündağ Cem Bülent , Çevİk Özge , Yılmaz Özgür
Published: December 2020

Quinones, especially 1,4-naphthoquinones, are one of the most significant and widely distributed phytochemical groups in nature. 1,4-Naphthoquinones and their synthetic derivatives are found to possess remarkable cytotoxic activities. In this study, a series of 2-aminonaphtho[2,3-d][1,3]thiazole-4,9-dione derivatives were synthesized and their structures were verified with spectral analysis. In vitro cytotoxic activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by using MTT assay against MKN-45 (Human Gastric cancer), MDA-MB-231 (Human Breast cancer) and HeLa (Human Cervical cancer) cell lines. Among the synthesized compounds, 3d inhibited MDA-MB-cell proliferation with an IC50 value of 0.276 µM. Compound 3a inhibited HeLa and MKN-45 cell proliferation with IC50 values of 0.336 µM and 8.769 µM, respectively. Compound 3b inhibited HELA cell proliferation with an IC50 value of 0.269 µM. Molecular docking results suggest that the ligands may bind to the hDNA TopoIIβ binding pocket and partially exert their effects. These results propose that 2-aminonaphtho[2,3-d]thiazole-4,9-dion core has important biological effects and further explorations are worthwhile.
Cuidados em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer na odontologia
Authors: Neto José Milton de Aquino e Silva , Dos Praseres Suelly Maria Silva , Santos Victor Raphael , Da Rocha Weizia Gomes , Neto Gerson Souza Cavalcante Guimarães , Costa Marília Oliveira , Medeiros Michelle Leão Bittencourt Brandão , Cavalcanti Tayguara Cerqueira
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Demonstrar as estratégias de atenção e técnicas que são utilizadas no acompanhamento odontológico de pacientes com doença de Alzheimer (DA). Revisão bibliográfica: Os pacientes que sofrem com a DA demonstram possuir uma patologia dos quais promovem a ausência gradativa das funcionalidades que atingem a parte neurológica. Até os dias de hoje sua causa não é conhecida e os recursos terapêuticos são direcionados a melhora de sua sintomatologia, nos quais os cuidados devem serem feitos por uma equipe multiprofissional que envolvem desde neurologistas até cirurgiões dentistas. Os cuidados na cavidade oral são de suma importância para esses pacientes, tendo que os cuidadores ou familiares devem ficar atentos a cada detalhe, a elaboração de um plano odontológico deve ser pertinente com perspectiva preventiva, buscando conduzir-se a partir do diagnóstico da respectiva patologia, visando desta maneira tornar a vida do paciente mais agradável. Considerações finais: No sentindo de se estabelecer um seguimento favorável para a saúde desses indivíduos, os CD precisa entender o dinamismo da, sendo levado em consideração a forma particularizada que ocorre de um paciente para outro, esses profissionais precisam estar devidamente capacitados, buscando atender de forma mais humanizada possível.
Correction of the toxicity control for stabilizer in studies of the silver nanoparticle effect on Junkat cells
Authors: Егорова Е.М. , Каба С.И.
Published: December 2020

С помощью тетразолиевого теста (МТТ) определяли токсичность для клеток Jurkat анионного ПАВ (АОТ), используемого в качестве стабилизатора наночастиц серебра (НЧС). Целью работы была проверка правильности контроля токсичности стабилизатора по его раствору в воде с концентрацией, равной таковой в растворе НЧС. Сравнивали жизнеспособность клеток после инкубации с одинаковыми разведениями исходного раствора АОТ в дистиллированной воде и в модельном растворе нитрата калия с той же ионной силой, что и в опытном растворе наночастиц. Показано, что токсичность АОТ увеличивается при увеличении ионной силы исходного раствора, что может быть обусловлено изменением соотношения молекул и мицелл этого ПАВ. Сделан вывод, что контроль токсичности заряженного ПАВ, используемого в качестве стабилизатора наночастиц, следует проводить с учетом различия его критической концентрации мицеллообразования в воде и в растворе наночастиц.

Toxic effect of anionic surfactant (AOT) used as stabilizer of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was determined on Jurkat cells by means of tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay. The purpose was to check the validity of the control of stabilizer toxicity by using its water solution with concentration equal to that in AgNPs solution. Cell viability was compared after the incubation with equal dilutions of AOT stock solutions in water and in model potassium nitrate solution with ionic strength equal to that in AgNPs solution. It is shown that AOT toxicity increases with the increase of ionic strength of the stock solution, presumably because of the change of monomer/micelle relation of this surfactant. The conclusion is that, for the correct control of the cytotoxicity of charged surfactant used as nanoparticle stabilizer one should consider the difference in its critical micelle concentration between water and nanoparticle solution.
High frequency callus induction and proliferation of MD2 pineapple (Ananas comosus)
Authors: Salihan A.N. , Yusuf N.A.
Published: December 2020

Ananas comosus var. MD2 is currently the most preferred pineapple variety in the
international market due to its pleasant aroma and high Brix acidity ratio. In vitro
approaches such as callus culture is promising in producing disease-free plantlet.
However, there are limited studies reported on callus culture of MD2 variety despite the
potential of in vitro regeneration through biotechnological advances. The purpose of the
study was to determine the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) i.e., 2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Thidiazuron (TDZ)
on callus induction from leaf explant of MD2 pineapple. Leaf base explants were cultured
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with varying concentration of 2,4-D
(0.5 to 6.0 mg/L) alone and in combination with BAP (1.0 to 3.0 mg/L). The frequency of
callus induction was seen significantly highest (91.67±8.33%) with maximum callus fresh
weight (0.25±0.07 g) at a combination of 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L BAP. The shortest
duration of callus formation was seen on day 12 with the lowest concentration of 2,4-D,
0.5 mg/L. There is a moderate correlation between the earliness of callus formation and
the frequency of callus induction (P<0.01). The most favourable media for callus
proliferation was 6.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L TDZ as the highest fresh weight of
1.52±0.03 g was recorded. Callus culture has the potential to be a source of plant material
and secondary metabolites production. In this study, 2,4-D and BAP have successfully
induced callus in MD2 pineapple.
Effect of plant growth regulators on in vitro culture of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) MD2 variety
Authors: Sulaiman S. , Yusuf N.A. , Awal A.
Published: December 2020

Pineapples (Ananas comosus L. Merr) are fruits that belong to the Bromeliaceae family.
Pineapple variety MD2 is one of the varieties that has gained a place in the market among
pineapple farmers due to its high value and quality. However, it is difficult to meet the
demand for planting materials using conventional propagation techniques. Hence, plant
tissue culture technology is one of the methods that has been widely used in the
agriculture industry that boosts up the production of pineapple planting materials within a
short period and is cost-efficient. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of
plant growth regulator concentration to in vitro culture of MD2 variety pineapple. In this
study, the various concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-Naphthalene
Acetic Acid (NAA) for in vitro culture of MD2 pineapple were studied. The plantlets were
effectively initiated from MD2 pineapple crown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salt
containing 30.0 g/L sucrose, and 2.0 mg/L BAP in two months of culture. Next, the
pineapple plantlet was subculture on shooting medium containing full strength solid
Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with vitamins with various
concentration BAP (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0 mg/L) and NAA (0, 1.0, and
2.0 mg/L). The result obtained showed that the solid MS medium added with 30.0 g/L
sucrose, without any BAP and NAA (T1) had the highest in vitro shoot regeneration.
Meanwhile, the solid MS medium with 30.0 g/L sucrose with 1.0 mg/L NAA (T1)
recorded the highest plantlet height (cm). The mean value for in vitro shoot regeneration
in T1 and plantlet height (cm) in T1 were 2.80 (±0.5) and 4.40 (±0.3). To conclude, less
amount plant hormone regulator required to obtain the mass quantity of in vitro clonal
pineapple that can help solve the problem of lack of plant material in the pineapple crop
industry.
Optimization of soaking treatment on the quality of Pangasius fillet
Authors: Ngoc T.T.A. , Sarnes R. , Binh L.N.
Published: December 2020

In Pangasius fillet industries, soaking fillet with food additives such as sorbitol, sodium
tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium chloride (NaCl) is a common practice to increase the
quality of fillets. In this study, the fillets were soaked with different concentrations of
sorbitol (1.32-4.68%), STPP (0.32-3.68%) and NaCl (1.32-4.68%) by using response
surface methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design with six replicates
experimental design. The soaking solutions had a significant impact on weight gain, pH
and water activity (p<0.05). The soaking solution of NaCl 1.32%, STPP 1.88% and
sorbitol 4.68% were optimal using multi-response optimizer. In addition, the optimum
soaking time was studied from 15 to 60 mins. The results showed that soaking time should
be appropriated for 30 mins. The optimum concentration and time of soaking can be
considered as a practical pre-treatment to improve the quality of Pangasius fillets either
for fresh, chilled, or frozen storage.
Evidence of potent antibacterial effect of fermented papaya leaf against opportunistic skin pathogenic microbes
Authors: Mohd Danial A. , Koh S.P. , Abdullah R. , Azali A.
Published: December 2020

The papaya leaf juice has been long practised as a traditional remedy to cure ailments due
to its medicinal properties. The objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of
fermented papaya leaf to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and yeast:
Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Propionibacterium acnes and Candida
albicans. The efficacy of fermented papaya leaf against selected pathogenic microbes was
evaluated using agar well diffusion assay, broth microdilution assay and time-kill test.
Evidence from data collected confirmed that fermented papaya leaf supernatant showed
more pronounced antibacterial and antifungal effect than papaya leaf alone. Generally,
fermented papaya leaf supernatant demonstrated potent antimicrobial effect against all
bacterial pathogens tested particularly P. aeruginosa followed by P. acne and S. aureus.
However, it was found that fermented papaya leaf was less effective against Candida
albicans. It needs 4- to 7-folds higher concentration to inhibit 50% C. albicans growth
than the bacteria. The antibacterial compounds produced in the supernatant appeared to
have some bactericidal effect against P. aeruginosa, P. acne and S. aureus with the
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC>99) of 16%, 50% and 60%, respectively.
Particularly, the fermented papaya leaf supernatant at 60% concentration showed 100%
inhibition rate within 30 mins against P. aeruginosa. However, it needs a longer time to
show the same inhibition effect against S. aureus and P. acne, which was about 2-6 h. The
potent killing effect of fermented papaya leaf showed a potential use in skincare
application to control pathogenic microbe infection
Effects of extraction conditions on characterization of gelatin from water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) skin
Authors: R. Rabiatul Amirah , A.J. Ellya Hazreera , M.N. Nor Qhairul Izzreen , A. Rozzamri , M.R. Umi Hartina
Published: December 2020

The study aimed to determine the characteristics of gelatin from water buffalo (Bubalus
bubalis) skin pre-treated with NaOH and Ca(OH)2 at different concentrations (0.3 M, 0.5
M and 0.7 M) and extracted at 65˚C for 6 hrs and 24 hrs respectively. The gelatin obtained
was evaluated for its moisture, protein and ash content, UV-vis absorption value, colour,
emulsifying and foaming properties. The highest yield (20.25%) was observed for gelatin
extracted by 0.5 M NaOH at 24 hrs extraction time. For alkaline pre-treatment, it was
found that NaOH was more efficient than Ca(OH)2 in terms of preparing the skin for
subsequent extraction process. The protein content of the extracted gelatin samples was in
the range of 71.76% - 87.83%, showing that the varying processing conditions are
sufficiently to recover protein from the raw material. Ash content for all samples was in
agreement with USDA standard, which was below than 3%. The extracted gelatin had
varying pH values which were from 5.47 to 7.02. The gelatin was colourless with ‘L’
values of more than 80, except for 0.7 M Ca(OH)2 at 24 hrs which showed slightly darker
properties. The intensity of the UV-vis absorption spectrum showed that a high absorption
peak was observed at 6 hrs of extraction time (230 – 250 nm) compared to 24 hrs
extraction time. Emulsifying properties of buffalo gelatin increased with increasing
concentrations of alkaline except for 0.7 M NaOH and 0.7 M Ca(OH)2 for both extraction
time. Meanwhile, foam expansion of the gelatin extracted from the different extraction
conditions was observed to have a significant difference (p < 0.05) for all samples. To our
knowledge, buffalo skin has the potential to be an alternative source of gelatin in the
diversified industrial application by modifying the extraction conditions in order to
produce gelatin with desired quality.
Development of multiband optical sensing method for phenotyping of tomatoes in cultivation site
Authors: Muramatsu T. , Suehara K. , Kameoka T. , Notaguchi M. , Hashimoto A.
Published: December 2020

For the development of a smart food chain, it is necessary to produce stable high-quality
agricultural products in the agricultural sector which is the starting point of the food
system, and it is important to accumulate and analyse the phenotypic information of
agricultural products during cultivation. An easy, rapid, non-destructive and quantitative
evaluation method of tree vigor is desirable. This study aimed to develop an X-ray
fluorescent (XRF) spectroscopy of fresh leaves and infrared (IR) spectroscopy of fruit
juice using a portable device. In addition, the relationship between the spectroscopic
information and the surface color of agricultural products was studied. The results showed
that the changes in leaf element were in balance and organic matters in the fruits due to
slight differences in cultivation conditions were grasped as the XRF and IR spectroscopic
information. Furthermore, such changes could be reflected as the differences in the surface
color information obtained using the digital camera. Therefore, it was experimentally
suggested that the multiband optical sensing could be a powerful and important tool for
realizing smart food chains and phenomics research starting from agricultural production.
A study of drying parameters on drying time and colour quality of grated coconut using tumbling mechanism in convective dryer
Authors: Yahya S. , Mohd Shahrir A. , Amir Syariffudden M.A. , Shafie A. , Mohammad Shukri J. , Mohd Zaimi Z.A. , Amir Redzuan S.
Published: December 2020

A small scale convective dryer with tumbling mechanism was specially constructed for
drying grated coconut. This new drying mechanism was evaluated in term of drying
behaviour and colour quality of the final product. Three main factors that involved were
hot air temperature, rotational speed (rpm) and air velocity. Every combined parameter of
a sample was compared to each other and also with freshly grated coconut. It was found
that the combination of 60°C, 6 rpm and 4.31 ms-1 had the shortest drying time as well as
the highest drying rate among other combinations. In contrast, combination factors of 50°
C, 3 rpm and 2.06 ms-1 had the lowest drying rate. Three main factors; temperature,
rotational speed and air velocity were significantly contributed to the response of drying
time as (p<0.05). Drying rate also increased with increase in temperature, rotational speed
and air velocity. In term of colour analysis (L*, a*, b*), there was a significant difference
among dried grated coconut samples. Nevertheless, sample 60˚C, 3 rpm and 4.31 ms-1
and
50˚C, 3 rpm and 4.31 ms-1 showed no significant different (p>0.05) in lightness when
compared to freshly grated coconut hence excellent in retaining its original appearance.
On top of that, sample (60˚C, 3 rpm and 4.31 ms-1
) also achieved considerable drying rate
with an acceptable drying time of 135 mins.
Evaluation of different drying processes by energy consumption in an insulated and not insulated laboratory convection dryer
Authors: Maysami M.A. , Sedighi R. , Ghaffari H.
Published: December 2020

Drying is a process to increase the shelf-life of fruits by decreasing their water content. It
is one of the energy consuming processes in food engineering. In many studies, the drying
time duration and quality of dried fruits were investigated. In this study, the energy
consumption in different drying conditions was investigated for the apple in a laboratory
convection dryer. The drying conditions were the application of the temperatures of 40,
50, and 60°C and the speeds of 0.5 and 1 ms-1
for the drying air using the insulated and
non-insulated drying chambers. Independent from drying duration, the highest energy
consumption was recorded as 11.2 kWh for the non-insulated dryer under the drying air
condition of 40°C and 0.5 ms-1
. While the lowest energy consumption was only 5.8 kWh
for the insulated dryer with the drying air condition of 40 and 50°C and the same 0.5 ms-1
.
The drying duration for these conditions was 537, 313, and 233 mins. To achieve the
shortest drying time (153 mins), the condition of 60°C and 1 ms-1
in the insulated dryer
was used which caused the energy consumption of 7.2 kWh.