bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pay for Success and Social Impact Bonds in the US
Authors: Bailey Kimberly , LaBarbera Jessica
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses the development of Pay for Success (PFS) and Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) in the US. PFS ties payment for service delivery to the achievement of measurable outcomes. PFS projects to date have clustered primarily in three issue areas: criminal justice and recidivism, early childhood education and wellbeing, and homelessness. The chapter first provides an overview of the extent and trends relating to PFS and SIBs before discussing lessons learned from PFS programmes. It also considers the infrastructure support, evaluation approaches, and financial models for such programmes and concludes by analysing how the development of PFS in the US compares to that of programmes in other countries, and how PFS has been connected to the broader performance management practices in the US.
Review of the evidence for outcome-based payment systems
Authors: Albertson Kevin , Fox Chris , O’leary Chris , Painter Gary , Bailey Kimberly , Labarbera Jessica
Published: September 2018

This chapter reviews the current state of evidence on what works in outcomes-based commissioning using published evaluations of Payment by Results (PbR) and Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) in the UK and SIBs in the US. Findings from these evaluations are arranged under the following broad headings: designing and commissioning, development of markets, performance management, innovation, the role of incentives, and overall outcomes. The evaluations address issues such as the complexity of PbR commissioning models compared to other commissioning exercises, the impact of PbR on the market for social goods, and the development of new or enhanced performance management systems as a result of outcomes-based commissioning. Two areas of innovation are also highlighted: innovation in service design and delivery, and innovation in financing.
Conclusions, cautions and future directions
Authors: Albertson Kevin , Fox Chris , O’leary Chris , Painter Gary , Bailey Kimberly , Labarbera Jessica
Published: September 2018

This book has examined some technical, economic and political questions about outcomes-based commissioning as well as key theoretical debates, arguing that outcomes-based commissioning in its various guises may be theorised as a logical extension of New Public Management (NPM) or marketisation. It has also shown that outcomes-based commissioning might be theorised as policy makers' response to complexity and risk management, and/or as a means of facilitating philanthropists and other private sector actors in social innovation. This chapter draws conclusions from the evidence that has been reviewed, discusses the theoretical issues that have been identified, and considers future directions for Payment by Results (PbR) and Social Impact Bonds (SIBs).
Young British Pakistani Muslim men and concern with increased levels of criminality
Authors: Qasim Mohammed
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses why young British-born Pakistani Muslim men are increasingly associated with crime and disorder today, paying close attention to some of the early incidents that led to these people being portrayed as more criminal. Given that very little previous research has analysed criminological theories explaining offending by British Pakistani Muslim men, this chapter subsequently examines whether young British Pakistani Muslim men who offend do so for the same reasons as young people who offend in general or whether there are other possible explanations for their offending such as religious or cultural elements. The chapter sets out the tone for the study by discussing how little is known as to why young British Pakistani Muslim men offend.
The Boys, their identities and dynamics
Authors: Qasim Mohammed
Published: September 2018

This chapter analyses the identity, substructures, and dynamics of the group of young men known as The Boys. A picture of the young men is presented by examining their personalities and traits in detail. The chapter describes each of The Boys' behaviours and personalities, as well as their time at school, and how their offending started when they were still students. As The Boys left their teen years behind, their offending gradually changed. From what was once regarded as petty crime, they moved onto more serious crime, their prime motivation for offending now being financial gain. The chapter details the reasons behind this transformation.
‘We are hustlers’ – relationship with drugs
Authors: Qasim Mohammed
Published: September 2018

This chapter looks at how The Boys would go about their drug dealing. Selling drugs was a risky business, so in order to evade detection from the police, The Boys had to be discreet. Drug dealing also involved shrewdness, the activity in many ways being similar to running a business. This meant buying drugs as cheaply as possible and then trying to sell them on to make maximum profit. The Boys consumed drugs, but what they used themselves differed from what they sold. Many of the young men also drank alcohol, with some of them drinking heavily and often. The chapter examines the challenges that drinking alcohol presented in a neighbourhood where most of the residents were Muslims.
Prison talk – The Boys and their experiences of ‘inside’
Authors: Qasim Mohammed
Published: September 2018

This chapter talks about The Boys' close relationship with prison, which includes consideration of their own experience of prison and its impact on them and their lives. A striking aspect of prison was how The Boys would become more devoted to Islamic faith while ‘inside’, and on their release would talk about Islam at some length. The chapter analyses why this was the case, and what factors contributed to The Boys becoming more religious when they were in prison. It also shows how, upon release, adjusting to outside life was at times exceptionally difficult, and The Boys faced various challenges in their attempt to reacquaint with the rest of the community.
Findings and conclusions
Authors: Qasim Mohammed
Published: September 2018

This concluding chapter begins by discussing how many of the young men's situations changed over the course of the study, and in some cases changed considerably, with some of The Boys now showing signs of desistance. Although they continued to spend time with one another, towards the latter part of the study some were doing so less frequently. This was almost certainly because of certain lifecycle events, such as getting married or starting a family, which impacted significantly on their outlook on life and which was now seeing behaviours slowly changing. Several of The Boys were also exploring the idea of starting up in business, as they now saw business as a way of making money legally without having to constantly look over their shoulders to see if the police were on their case.
Prologue
Authors: Whitehead Philip
Published: September 2018

The ethical question confronting all of us without exception, and with a pressing urgency, is how to live alongside each other where the other person is our neighbour, not our competitor or disposable enemy. We are all the other to each other, a relation that sometimes descends into relegation and demonisation. This short monograph refines thinking on the subject of the ...
Contesting the other: sinking ethical shafts
Authors: Whitehead Philip
Published: September 2018

From framing the other in chapter one, criminalising in chapter two, now to contesting the other in chapter three. This chapter sinks a disparate collection of ethical shafts – including Schweitzer on reverence for life, Bonhoeffer, Kung, Anderson, Kant, personalism, Lacan and Zizek, moral economy – to disturb the hard packed sediment of the production and reproduction of the pejorative other evidenced by the historical record (in chapter one). To reduce pejorative othering which affects all of us, politics must be reinvigorated by ethics to fracture the conditions of existence responsible. I argue for an urgent return to ethical enquiry to contest the other.
Concluding comment
Authors: Whitehead Philip
Published: September 2018

We have a problem, a long-standing problem, aggravated and compounded by the weight of history. Its origins can be traced to the Agricultural Revolution when Homo sapiens started to live alongside each other in larger groups. Agricultural developments precipitated social problems, exposed by biological deficiencies (...
Gutting a good idea
Authors: Kendall John
Published: September 2018

This chapter provides a critical and analytical history of custody visiting, centring on the policy issues, and compiled from desk and archival research. Michael Meacher MP made the first proposals for custody visiting in 1980, and in 1981 the Scarman Report on the Brixton riots adopted this idea and included a recommendation for a statutory scheme of custody visiting. The scheme would provide for the supervision of the conditions of police interrogation and detention. The government declined to implement the proposals. However the government encouraged the growth of custody visiting from 1984 on the rather haphazard and unofficial basis known as ‘lay visiting’, run by police authorities. A statutory scheme was introduced in 2003. Over the whole period to date, the powerful influence of the police, and the Home Office following their views, have eroded the original regulatory purpose of custody visiting, and has airbrushed out the role of custody visiting as a deterrent to police misconduct leading to deaths in custody.
Getting the visitors on side
Authors: Kendall John
Published: September 2018

This chapter discusses the concepts of independence and socialisation. Visitors are likely to carry out their work with more rigour if they feel independent of the police, and custody visiting is required by statute to be independent. The visiting scheme is completely controlled by the Police and Crime Commissioner. Socialisation is part of the process by which the power of the police affects the visitors in their work. The visitors receive orientation, training and mentoring, from the scheme administrator, and from the police and other visitors, and receive no training from former detainees or defence lawyers or probation officers. The chapter examines the visitors’ attitudes as shown by their behaviour on visits and opinions expressed in interview, by comparing their views with those of the Police and Crime Commissioner and the police, and finds that the visitors hardly ever challenge the police, and that the attitudes of the three groups are closely aligned. The chapter ends with a close focus on the attitudes of the visitors to deaths in custody and their role in relation to them, neither of which show much independence from the police.
Does custody visiting achieve anything?
Authors: Kendall John
Published: September 2018

This chapter assesses the effectiveness of the work of custody visiting, and sets out how it can be measured: it is examined according to five criteria of its regulatory function, to assess principally whether the work made any difference to police behaviour. Custody visiting is found to be largely ineffective: in particular, detainees do not trust the visitors, finding the meetings as being of no benefit to them. Custody visiting is measured against the United Nations standards for monitoring detainees, including the need for expertise, and the chapter finds that the United Kingdom is in breach of these international obligations. The chapter looks at the claims made for custody visiting in the scheme’s official literature, including the claim that custody visiting offers reassurance to the public: this is found to be impossible to assess, but probably false, since so few people have heard of the scheme. The chapter concludes that the comprehensive regulatory failure is likely to be the result of deliberate policy, driven by the strong forces of crime control ideology and the power of the police.
Parques urbanos inundáveis: articulando adaptação às inundações e sensibilização para o risco
Authors: Hobeica Liliane , Hobeica Adib
Published: September 2018

Considerando que as inundações fluviais podem ser vistas de maneira mais positiva (nomeadamente por seu potencial de sensibilização), este artigo explora o papel do projeto urbano para negociar as inundações de outro modo. Para tanto, realizámos um estudo de casos múltiplos compreendendo três parques urbanos adaptados na península ibérica, nos projetos dos quais as dinâmicas humano-fluviais foram diferentemente consideradas. O estudo indica que quando as inundações são devidamente incluídas entre as questões a serem geridas através do projeto, o parque resultante pode no final ‘dar boas-vindas às inundações’.
As inundações em Ururaí e o ensino de geografia: uma análise da percepção desses eventos por adolescentes da rede pública de ensino
Authors: Vieira Caldeira De Lima De Souza Almeida Carolina , Filgueira Leite Adriana
Published: September 2018

O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de propor práticas de ensino que trouxessem maior dinamismo à construção do conhecimento em sala de aula, a partir das percepções que os alunos possuem sobre o fenômeno que permeia a realidade desses, as inundações. Para tanto, tomou-se como amostra os alunos do bairro Ururaí em Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ), em específico os alunos da rede pública de ensino no 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental em 2015 e do 1º ano do Ensino Médio em 2016. As atividades realizadas com os alunos perpassaram entrevistas, aplicação de questionários, análise de mapas temáticos do bairro, aulas de campo, atividades lúdicas e apresentação de seminário. Por fim, as diversas práticas realizadas nesse trabalho mostraram-se como ferramentas eficazes no desenvolvimento da percepção crítica do alunado, tanto a respeito do ambiente vivido, quanto no que se refere aos desastres relacionados à água.
Penny Dreadfuls, Story Papers, and Protosuperheroes (1825–1935)
Authors: Murray Chris
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the tradition of periodical adventure stories that existed in Britain during the period 1825–1935, focusing on “story papers” and “penny bloods,” also known as “penny dreadfuls.” It first provides a historical background on the emergence of British comics before discussing “story papers” and “penny dreadfuls,” and especially their relationship with similar publications in America and the characters who, in retrospect, can be seen as protosuperheroes and villains. It also shows how these publications established the market and audience for adventure comics in Britain and influenced the rise of a similar market in America, where dime novels and pulp magazines, along with newspaper strips, would later influence the rise of superhero comics. The chapter concludes with an analysis of three of the early treatments of the superhuman from science-fiction literature: Edward Bulwer-Lytton's The Coming Race (1871), Philip Wylie's The Gladiator (1930), and Olaf Stapledon's Odd John (1935).
False Starts and Minor Triumphs (1936–1949)
Authors: Murray Chris
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the struggles and minor successes of British comics during the period 1936–1949. In 1936, Disney set up a studio in Britain and launched Mickey Mouse Weekly, the first British comic to use the expensive, full-color photogravure printing process. A year later, DC Thomson launched The Dandy, followed by The Beano in 1938. The success of The Dandy and The Beano marked the end of the era of the boy's weeklies and the beginning of the dominance of comics. The chapter considers the very first appearance of Superman in Britain in Amalgamated Press's The Triumph in 1939 and how British and American comics fared during the war years. It also discusses comics publishing by Gerald G. Swan, A. Soloway, Denis Gifford and Bob Monkhouse, Cartoon Art Productions, Scion, Paget, and Modern Fiction Ltd. The publication of The Amazing Mr X, Britain's first homegrown superhero, is also explored.
Revisionism and the British Invasion (1981–1993)
Authors: Murray Chris
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the development of the revisionist trend in British comics as well as the so-called British Invasion of American comics and its afermath during the period 1981–1993. It argues that revisionism was a continuation and refocusing of the satirical reaction to the superhero genre that has been in evidence in British comics for decades. The chapter first considers Captain Britain, written by Alan Moore for Marvel UK, before discussing Marvelman and V for Vendetta, also created by Moore, this time for Warrior. It then turns to Watchmen (1986) by Moore and Dave Gibbons, one of the most influential superhero comics of all time; Paradax, a character introduced in 1985 by Eclipse Comics in Strange Days #3; Zenith (1987); and the satire Marshal Law (1987). It also analyzes publications that parody the superhero genre, including How to Be a Superhero (1990) and 1963 (1993).
Conclusion
Authors: Murray Chris
Published: September 2018

This book has explored the British superhero's long and complex history, even though many have now faded into obscurity. It has also highlighted the ever-shifting balance between parody and satire in British comics and comics produced for international markets by British creators such as Alan Moore and Grant Morrison. Furthermore, it has analyzed the changing industrial and social context of British publishing and the market forces that have shaped British comics. Finally, it has discussed the complex relationship between British and American comics not only in terms of the British Invasion of American comics in the 1980s and its aftermath that is still being felt, but also in the context of the transnational nature of comics and, in particular, the close connections between the American and British markets. In conclusion, the book describes changes in the mainstream British comics industry over the years.
Instructions to the Audience
Authors: McLaughlin Robert L.
Published: September 2018

This chapter establishes the overlapping contexts of the exhaustion of the Rodgers and Hammerstein-style musical and postmodernism and places Sondheim’s work within them. It begins by offering a definition of postmodernism, focusing on self-referentiality, intertextuality, and performativity. It then provides an aesthetic overview of the American musical with special attention to the musical-comedy era and the Rodgers and Hammerstein era. In the musical comedy, narrative is simultaneously central and irrelevant, a contradictory aesthetic communicated by proto-postmodern characteristics. In Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Oklahoma! the songs are justified by the narrative and the characters. The musical comedy’s proto-postmodern characteristics are repressed in favor of realism. This chapter then offers a brief biographical sketch of Sondheim, showing his mentoring by Oscar Hammerstein and examines two of his works from this period: Do I Hear a Waltz? and Evening Primrose.
Take Me to the World
Authors: McLaughlin Robert L.
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines Sondheim’s plays from Sunday in the Park with George to Road Show. While still engaging in the postmodern interrogation of knowledge and the limits of representation, these plays suggest a desire to find a direct experience of the real. Sunday in the Park explores the creation and purpose of art. Into the Woods uses traditional fairy tales to explore the connections between narrative and identity. Assassins overturns the ideas of official American history and the American Dream. Passion marks a clear dissatisfaction with the absorption of reality into representation. Caught within a web of language, the characters long for a reality—love—outside self-referring discourse. The Frogs examines the social inertia that results from the devolution of language from communication to cliché. Road Show sets two brothers in a societal closed system in which art, narrative, and language tend toward exhaustion.
Move On
Authors: McLaughlin Robert L.
Published: September 2018

This chapter returns to the larger context of the American musical in the last part of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first. It surveys other musicals of the 1970s and 1980s that, like Sondheim’s, explore postmodern themes through postmodern techniques. It also looks at several musicals of the 1990s and 2000s—such shows as Parade, Floyd Collins, A Man of No Importance, Rent, and See What I Wanna See—influenced by Sondheim’s body of work, that, like his recent work, wrestle with the problem of acknowledging our immersion in language while seeking to point to a reality beyond language.
Introduction
Authors: Helford Elyce Rae , Carroll Shiloh , Gray Sarah
Published: September 2018

Who or what is the “Woman Fantastic,” and what does it mean to engage critically with this figure in today’s American media landscape? Just positing this question offers the beginnings of an answer. As the contrast between “women” and “woman” suggests, the Woman Fantastic is a gendered textual and cultural construction. Hence, “she” is entirely fantastic—less projection, stereotype, or imago than symbol, sign, or trope, an always already artificial creation. Within the realm of the popular, “she” is a sales pitch, the offer of a model or mask through which the feminine and/or female can be reified. Woman always denies the emperor has no clothes, and in this way Woman is always fantastic....
“My Skin Has Turned to Porcelain, to Ivory, to Steel”: Feminist Fan Discourses, Game of Thrones, and the Problem of Sansa
Authors: Naylor Alex
Published: September 2018

Alex Naylor’s “‘My Skin Has Turned to Porcelain, to Ivory, to Steel’: Feminist Fan Discourses, Game of Thrones, and the Problem of Sansa” explores debates on Tumblr over the sword-fighting, genderbending figure of Arya Stark and her princess-turned-stoic-survivalist sister, Sansa. Fan perspectives on Sansa, Naylor finds, take the form of intense appreciations of her, reflections on how her narrative refracts issues of young women’s victimization and survival, and “defenses” that confront her detractors and implicate the role of sexism and misogyny in some fans’ vocal dislike of the character. Because, for many young women, this kind of online popular culture critique is their first introduction to feminist ideas, argues Naylor, it is most productively explored within the context of a wider debate in both feminist and fandom social media spaces about what a modern feminist ethics of media consumption might look like.
The Dragon Lady of Gotham: Feminine Power, the Mythical East, and Talia al Ghul
Authors: Taylor Tosha
Published: September 2018

In “The Dragon Lady of Gotham: Feminine Power, the Mythical East, and Talia al Ghul,” Tosha Taylor considers the gender and race politics of Batman’s most complex enemy and ally. The chapter explores patterns of Orientalist fantasy in the character’s actions and appearance. Working from the initial Orientalist inspiration for Talia’s villainous family as related by the character’s creators, Taylor posits that Talia’s chief function in the D.C. universe has been to embody the stereotype of the “Dragon Lady,” an exotic temptress capable of unconscionable acts of betrayal. The chapter examines Talia’s forty-year struggle between villainess and heroine and argues that her agency depends on her conformity to Western myths about Arabic and East Asian woman. The study concludes with consideration of whether Talia might at times serve as metatexual indictment of Western heterosexist fantasy, craftily appropriating stereotypical images of Orientalism in order to manipulate heterosexual male characters.
Situating Starbuck: Combative Femininity, Figurative Masculinity, and the Snap
Authors: Kirkland Ewan
Published: September 2018

Ewan Kirkland’s “Situating Starbuck: Combative Femininity, Figurative Masculinity, and the Snap” studies the action heroine in the reimagined Battlestar Galactica (2004-2009) television series. He argues that Starbuck exemplifies a transformation of the 1970s male action hero in post-Alien action adventure science fiction and fantasy, where women warriors increasingly feature as a generic staple. Situating Starbuck in relation to action heroines from film, television, and digital games as well as the academic arguments that circulate them affords an understanding of the gender politics of the character, and the extent to which she challenges dominant representations in popular culture.
“Don’t Underestimate Her Ability to Talk, It’s Her Superpower”: Epistemic Negotiation and the Power of Community in Carrie Vaughn’s Kitty Norville Series
Authors: Nicol Rhonda
Published: September 2018

Rhonda Nicol’s “‘Don’t Underestimate Her Ability to Talk, it’s Her Superpower’: Epistemic Negotiation and the Power of Community in Carrie Vaughn’s Kitty Norville Series” interrogates the action heroine of the urban fantasy genre. By contrast to most authors of the genre, Carrie Vaughn, posits Nicol, highlights her protagonist’s interpersonal skills and community-building abilities, making them equal in value to physical power. The series thus posits a heroine easily identifiable to female urban fantasy readers while she questions the value of toughness for female empowerment.
Claiming the Throne: Multiplicity and Agency in Cinda Williams Chima’s The Seven Realms Series
Authors: Wagner Katherine A. , McDonough Megan
Published: September 2018

Katherine A. Wagner and Megan McDonough turn to issues of intersectionality and young adult literature in “Claiming the Throne: Multiplicity and Agency in Cinda Williams Chima’s The Seven Realms Series.” The authors find that possession of agency dominates female protagonists in the young adult fantasy genre, but that complexity of character is equally vital, offering a blurring of rigid gender, ethnicity, and class boundaries. Through the concepts of multiplicity and intersectionality, Wagner and McDonough study sixteen-year-old Raisa ana’Marianna, heiress to a realm that has been ruled by women for centuries. Rather than having to challenge patriarchal rule, Chima’s protagonist must come to understand identity as irreducibly multiple, as seen in feminist intersectionality, in order to claim agency.
Comics Are in Right Now
Authors: Morton Drew
Published: September 2018

This book examines the intricacies of the American film's stylistic remediation of comics. Stylistic remediation refers to the stylistic practice by films (both adaptations of comics and original properties), in which they have increasingly relied on the formal characteristics of comic books (such as panels, speed lines, the dissection of motion, flat compositions). For their part, comics have drawn upon formal devices derived from film (such as the film noir compositional technique of high-contrast lighting and Photoshop assisted motion blurring to produce a more cinematic look). The book explores how stylistic remediation complicates the idea of media specificity, the role of horizontal integration and conglomeration in the process of stylistic remediation, the industrial motivation behind remediation in films and comics, and whether the remediation of comic book stylistics into films is fundamentally a by-product of technologies and an indication of a larger ontological shift from cinema to digital cinema.
“It’s Perfect. It Looks Just Like the Book!”: Scott Pilgrim, Stylistic Remediation, and Transmedia Style
Authors: Morton Drew
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the process of stylistic remediation at work in the adaptation of a comic book to a film and how it is used by a media conglomerate as a means to unite its transmedia properties. It uses Edgar Wright's adaptation of Bryan Lee O'Malley's comic series, Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, as a case study and shows how the comic book's stylistic remediation became a type of transmedia style. The chapter first explains what makes film and comic books distinct media forms by identifying their ontological differences before defining the formal properties that are being remediated in Scott Pilgrim. It then considers how stylistic remediation can become a form of transmedia style through O'Malley's work in the Scott Pilgrim series. Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010) did poorly in the box office, which the chapter argues diminished a rich trajectory of stylistic remediation in comic book adaptations.
“He Cared More about the Appeasement of Fanboys …”: Spatiotemporal Remediation in 300 (2006) and Watchmen (2009) and Textual Remediation in American Splendor (2003)
Authors: Morton Drew
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines spatiotemporal remediation in 300 (2006) and Watchmen (2009) and textual remediation in American Splendor (2003). More specifically, it explores the comic book panel and the film frame in terms of spatiotemporal construction and representation as well as the relationship between image and text in the comic. The chapter first provides an overview of the taxonomy of stylistic remediation before discussing how space and time are remediated in 300 and Watchmen. It then analyzes textual remediation in Shari Springer Berman and Robert Pulcini's American Splendor, based on Harvey Pekar's comics (1976–2008). It also reconsiders the role of horizontal integration and conglomeration in the process of stylistic remediation, suggesting that media conglomerates can capitalize upon the added visibility and cultural capital of comic books and their adaptations both directly and indirectly (through licensing rights).
Derived from Comic Strip Graphics: Remediation beyond Comic Book Adaptations in The Matrix (1999), The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (1966), and The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger Born (2007)
Authors: Morton Drew
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines stylistic remediation beyond comic book films and the industrial practice beyond case studies in adaptation by focusing on three films: The Matrix (1999), The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (1966), and The Dark Tower: The Gunslinger Born (2007). It first considers “bullet time” in The Matrix, showing that its formal migration is an example of transmedia style: narratives delivered across multiple platforms that are united by stylistic remediation. It then compares comic book space and caricature in Sergio Leone's The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly and the Marvel Comics adaptation of Stephen King's The Dark Tower novels. It also explains how The Matrix stylistically remediates the motion lines of comics within its bullet time sequences while Leone's construction of space eschews the conventions of the continuity system in favor of the spatial discontinuity present across comic book panels.
Comics Are in Right Now?
Authors: Morton Drew
Published: September 2018

This conclusion reconsiders the role of horizontal integration and multimedia conglomerates in the process of stylistic remediation and the industrial motivation behind stylistic remediation, both in films and comics. It shows that horizontal integration and conglomeration have become more influential over the past three decades, as seen in the case of Time Warner. It also discusses the ways in which stylistic remediation can serve as a research and development function by allowing multinational conglomerates to experiment with computer-generated imagery (CGI) and form that can be spread across multiple properties (like “bullet time” in The Matrix). Finally, it examines whether the remediation of comic book stylistics into films is fundamentally a by-product of technologies and an indication of a Manovichian shift from cinema to digital cinema.
Picture Games in Story Frames and the Play Spaces of Autography
Authors: Chaney Michael A.
Published: September 2018

This chapter explores puzzles and other ludic devices in Epileptic, Cancer Vixen, and Fun Home, asking what is produced when autobiographical graphic novels stop showing and telling and start playing. The goal is to understand the tendency in some autography for picture puzzles, labyrinths, and matching exercises. The chapter examines the implications of graphic memoir's penchant for ludic interactivity (“ludic” refers to acts of play solicited by the text as well as the textual spaces that these solicitations inscribe). More specifically, it considers what happens to reading and readers when this shift to play occurs. It also investigates how shifts to the ludic give rise to tactile “reading” experiences that reveal graphic memoir's investments in embodiment and materiality. The chapter shows that the play spaces of autobiographical graphic novels beckon transformative agency in the field of the reader, whose actions therein are both emancipatory and puzzling.
The Work Behind the Work of Graphic Künstlerroman
Authors: Chaney Michael A.
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines self-portraiture in contemporary graphic novels and how they oppose the standard theoretical skepticism regarding the viability of cognitive mapping, or the ability to plot oneself in a social order defined by the arrangements of late capitalism. Autography's peculiar textures of visuality and capitalism in self-portraiture are explored through an analysis of Julie Doucet's cover image of My New York Diary (1999) and David Small's Stitches (2009). Doucet's cover image resembles two types of the medieval colophon: one showing scribes and illuminators busy at work, and the other showing them transfixed in spiritual rapture. Doucet's colophonic cover invests in a fantasy of artistic self-representation that is replicated in Stitches Stitches. The chapter argues that Stitches aligns with the tradition of the künstlerroman, or narratives of the artist's development. It concludes by considering how artistic escape and expressivity produce narrative stitches for artistic labor to cover over.
Introduction
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: September 2018

This chapter covers the timeline from 1960 when New Orleans integrated its public schools, to 2011, the age of computers and the Internet. Integration had an immediate impact on children and their folklore – African American and white children began to communicate on the playground, sharing chants, jokes, jump rope rhymes, taunts, teases, and stories. Through the next forty-four years, schoolchildren of South Louisiana were able to conserve much traditional schoolyard lore while adapting to tremendous social and material changes and incorporating into play elements from media, computers, smartphones, and the Internet. As time passed African American vernacular became trendy among teenage whites. Black popular music became the music of choice for many worldwide. This is a story about how children, African American and “other” have learned to fit play into their rapidly changing society.
Boys’ Verbal Play
Authors: Soileau Jeanne Pitre
Published: September 2018

This chapter presents a select, but crucial, set of examples of boys at verbal play. Third grade boys play the “dozens,” fifth and sixth grade boys display joke telling abilities, and a young man of fourteen skillfully coordinates a babysitting group at St. Joan of Arc Catholic Church Bingo. “Dozens” are fast and crude; jokes are a test of verbal competence (and are crude). They consist of patterned set pieces exploring sex, marriage, scatology, silly plays on words, i.e. much the same foolishness adults joke about. Gregory, the head of babysitting at St. Joan of Arc Bingo, employed humor and verbal acuity in order to control his young charges. He was adept at both Standard English and Black English vernacular and exhibited poise, a range of language abilities, and leadership qualities. Boys’ verbal play demonstrated the conservative element of schoolyard genres. “Dozens” have been collected since 1939, some of the jokes are re-cycled from the 1950s.
Constructions politiques : entre contingence et nécessité
Authors: Baele Stéphane
Published: September 2018

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Un « diagnostic de l’Europe » ?
Authors: De Wilde d’Estmael Tanguy
Published: September 2018

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European development policy towards sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Grauls Sarah , Stahl Anna
Published: September 2018

This article examines the impact of the growing Chinese presence in Africa on the EU’s international role and more particularly on European development policy towards sub-Saharan Africa. The Chinese Africa policy is based on fundamentally different principles than the European model with regard to sovereignty and aid conditionality, offering an alternative to the dominant European approach. In this article we will argue that, although the European development model towards sub-Saharan Africa has never been entirely in line with its proclaimed principles, the “China factor” contributes to an adaptation of this European policy towards a more pragmatic and less normative strategy. Yet, this does not imply a complete overhaul of the European normative discourse which is still the most important source of legitimacy of the European development policy. It does however highlight the importance of an open and honest dialogue between the EU and sub-Saharan Africa, in particular on the merits of the European model for the development of the region and its countries.
Interdisciplinary Introduction to Categorization
Authors: Baele Stéphane , Thomasson Amie , Yanov Dvora , Serre Thomas
Published: September 2018

This interview provides the answers of three prominent categorisation scholars to the same set of seven questions they were sent. These questions should be seen as «naïve », in the sense that they were aimed to be as intuitive and disciplinary-independent as possible. This has been done in order to allow contrasting answers to emerge. Amie Thomasson is professor in philosophy at the University of Miami, Dvora Yanow has hold a « strategic chair » at the social and political sciences faculty at the Vrije Universiteit and is now visiting professor in political science at the University of Amsterdam, and Thomas Serre is researcher in artificial intelligence at Brown University. Once again, we warmly express our gratitude for their participation.
Rap et démocratie dans le Gabon contemporain
Authors: Aterianus-Owanga Alice
Published: September 2018

À partir d’enquêtes de terrain réalisées auprès du mouvement rap à Libreville, Alice Aterianus apporte une analyse anthropologique des langages du politique développés autour de la pratique musicale au Gabon depuis le début des années 1990. En décrivant une campagne électorale tenue à l’occasion des élections présidentielles d’aout 2009, cet article présente les logiques d’interpénétration du réseau du rap et de l’environnement politique, et les enjeux contenus autour de différents modes de participation des rappeurs à la campagne, en les pensant comme autant de stratégies d’invention du politique et d’infléchissement du pouvoir mettant en débat la notion de démocratie au Gabon.
Mémoire collective, subjectivités et engagement
Authors: Günce Demirhisar Deniz , Lew Ilan , Repezza Marina
Published: September 2018

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Anthropologie historique des violences de masse
Authors: Lew Ilan , Bonnard Daniel
Published: September 2018

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Vieillir avec la maladie d’Alzheimer et contre elle
Authors: Campéon Arnaud , Le Bihan Blanche , Mallon Isabelle
Published: September 2018

La question de la prise en charge de la maladie d’Alzheimer et des maladies apparentées fait débat dans la plupart des pays occidentaux : s’agit-il d’une forme précoce de vieillissement, ou d’une maladie à part entière, plus fréquente aux âges élevés de la vie ? Aujourd’hui, en l’absence de traitements médicamenteux efficaces, le suivi médical est de plus en plus complété par des thérapies non médicamenteuses et un accompagnement social adapté. Comment les propositions de traitement médical des troubles de la mémoire sont-elles perçues, reçues ou refusées, par les malades et par leurs proches ? Comment la vieillesse est-elle mobilisée dans la lutte contre la maladie ? Une enquête sur 65 trajectoires de maladie d’Alzheimer montre comment se différencient les manières de composer avec la maladie ou de lutter contre elle, par l’appropriation, le déni ou le refus du diagnostic et des propositions thérapeutiques qu’il inclut.
La ménopause comme espace de tension entre production du genre et résistances des femmes
Authors: Charlap Cécile
Published: September 2018

Dans cet article, nous analysons la question ménopause en France comme un espace de tension entre production du genre et résistances des femmes. À partir d’un corpus de discours médicaux et d’une série d’entretiens réalisés auprès de femmes ménopausées, nous mettons en exergue les mécanismes de la construction sociale de la ménopause et l’expérience qui en découle pour les femmes. Nous analysons, tout d’abord, la construction et le traitement social de la ménopause comme des espaces efficients de production du genre. Nous appréhendons, ensuite, l’expérience de la ménopause comme celle d’un dessaisissement individuel et collectif. Nous mettons, enfin, en exergue des formes de résistance individuelle chez les femmes rencontrées, qui relèvent de la mise à distance de la catégorisation et des injonctions médicales dont elles sont les objets.
Résister par l’habitat
Authors: Rosenfelder Cécile
Published: September 2018

Les nouvelles formules d’habitat pour personnes âgées émergent dans le contexte de vieillissement de la population. Parfois, ce sont les aînés eux-mêmes qui sont à l’initiative d’expérimentations innovantes. L’association A²MG présentée dans cet article est un exemple d’habitat autogéré et participatif imaginé pour proposer une alternative aux modalités traditionnelles de prise en charge de la fragilité liée à l’âge et de la fin de vie. Nous questionnerons le sens de ces initiatives et leur portée, en montrant comment elles oscillent entre empowerment et injonction au « bien vieillir ».
Des rails au courant alternatif
Authors: Ennuyer Bernard , Moulaert Thibauld , Poussou-Plesse Marielle
Published: September 2018

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Isabelle Durant
Authors: Durant Isabelle , Masset Delphine
Published: September 2018

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La migration régionale et entrepreneuriale des Libanais de Dakar, Abidjan et Ouagadougou
Authors: El Chab Marwa
Published: September 2018

A contrario de l’analyse communautariste concernant la présence libanaise en Afrique de l’Ouest, nous proposons une grille de lecture qui prend en compte la mobilité régionale des Libanais en fonction des conditions sociopolitiques et des opportunités économiques. Sur la base d’une recherche doctorale en anthropologie sociale menée à Dakar, Abidjan et Ouagadougou, nous postulons l’existence de deux types de migrations régionales - l’une axée sur l’initiative personnelle, et l’autre sur l’initiative d’entreprises qui recrutent leurs cadres en fonction de leur appartenance nationale. Cette perception amène à réinterroger les concepts de « diaspora » et de middleman minorities classiquement mobilisés à propos de la présence libanaise en Afrique de l’Ouest mais entretenant des zones d’ombres, notamment autour de l’extraterritorialité des « communautés » et de leur mobilisation stratégique des nationalités africaines.
Ma ville au cœur
Authors: Olive Maurice
Published: September 2018

Cet article rend compte d’une enquête menée entre 2010 et 2014 auprès de maires mobilisés contre l’intégration forcée de leur commune à la gouvernance métropolitaine, au sein d’une aire urbaine du sud de la France. Il interroge les ressorts de leur mobilisation pour le maintien de l’autonomie communale, en mettant l’accent sur la dimension affective de leur engagement. Il s’agit plus précisément de comprendre l’attachement proclamé des maires à la commune, saisie en tant que lieu vécu autant qu’espace politique. L’article montre tout d’abord qu’une attention portée à la trajectoire personnelle des maires permet d’identifier des dispositions à s’indigner du sort de leur commune, et d’éclairer l’intensité avec laquelle certains d’entre eux s’investissent dans leur sauvegarde. Il montre ensuite que, si tous les élus ne sont pas dotés des mêmes capacités à s’émouvoir, tous ne sont pas non plus également équipés pour rendre crédible aux yeux des électeurs ce qu’ils disent aimer et ressentir. Leur prétention à incarner la destinée communale prend appui sur un certain nombre d’épreuves irréductibles à des opérations rhétoriques et, à ce titre, fortement discriminantes.
Re-chercher l’amour transnational
Authors: Geoffrion Karine
Published: September 2018

Cet article explore l’expérience vécue de la relation amoureuse transnationale chez des femmes canadiennes en couple avec un homme non-occidental. Les périodes de co-présence physique et de séparation géographique avec l’amoureux ont été contrastées. Il en émerge une polarisation entre l’être-en-couple ensemble, temps associé aux émotions positives, euphoriques ; et l’être-en-couple séparé, temps associé aux émotions négatives. Ainsi, pour ces femmes, une vie commune avec leur partenaire, sous un même toit, dans un même pays, devient l’objectif ultime de leur relation amoureuse transnationale. Cependant, vu les contraintes à la mobilité de leur conjoint, cette vie commune ne peut se réaliser qu’à travers le processus laborieux de « parrainage » de l’immigration de leur conjoint au Canada.
Sharing ethnographic love
Authors: Besteman Catherine , Jabiot Isabelle , Maskens Maïté , Plancke Carine
Published: September 2018

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Social Movements in the Global South
Authors: Altmann Philipp , Günce Demirhisar Deniz , Mati Jacob Mwathi
Published: September 2018

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Pour une observation trébuchante
Authors: Debouny Louise
Published: September 2018

Construire une ethnographie dite du proche suppose pour le chercheur d’interroger ses méthodes d’enquête et ses modalités d’accès au terrain. Mais peut-on jamais prétendre être « chez soi » lorsque l’on adopte une posture qui exige de conjuguer immersion et distanciation ? Se peut-il que l’on travaille « chez Nous » quand se meuvent en permanence les contours de l’altérité ? En acceptant de s’essayer aux inconforts du terrain au travers d’une immersion participative, l’ethnologue peut arpenter ces distances inconciliables mais pourtant heuristiques et faire de sa maladresse et de son malaise des outils de connaissance.
Mouvement interreligieux et usages d’Internet au Burkina Faso. Le cas de l’Union fraternelle des croyants (UFC) de Dori
Authors: Kaboré Koudbi
Published: September 2018

L’arrivée d’Internet provoque des évolutions dans le rapport aux médias des communautés religieuses. Il y a une volonté de visibilité externe grâce à l’usage d’Internet comme moyen de communication et comme mode de présence. À partir de l’exemple de l’Union fraternelle des croyants de Dori au Burkina Faso, cette contribution analyse l’appropriation d’Internet par des acteurs interreligieux pour sortir de leur isolement et de jouer le rôle d’agents religieux de paix dans le monde. Le cas de l’UFC montre que si les religieux se saisissent du web, l’interreligieux peut être mobilisé pour promouvoir des objectifs sociaux et politiques dans les sphères publiques africaines.
Les musulmans de Facebook en Côte d’Ivoire : nouvelle voie de socialisation, de da’wa et de mobilisation communautaire
Authors: Binaté Issouf
Published: September 2018

Ce travail porte sur l’usage des médias numériques dans les pratiques reli- gieuses des musulmans en Côte d’Ivoire, dans un contexte de visibilité accrue de l’islam dans l’espace public depuis l’avènement du pluralisme politique en 1990. Il étudie l’entrée des musulmans dans l’ère des médias, particulièrement du numé- rique, marquée par une pluralité de canaux de communication dont Facebook, le ré- seau social comptant le plus grand nombre d’utilisateurs dans ce pays ouest-africain. Suivant une approche plus descriptive que théorique, cette étude analyse les activités en ligne des musulmans (rencontres, échanges, da’wa, etc.) à travers les multiples opportunités qu’offre la plateforme sociale Facebook.