bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal Chemistry of Eudialyte Group Minerals from Rouma Island, Los Archipelago, Guinea
Authors: Perchiazzi Natale , Ferraris Cristiano , Mauro Daniela , Vignola Pietro
Published: February 2025

We herein present a comprehensive investigation of the eudialyte group minerals from the nepheline syenites of Rouma Island in the Los Archipelago, Conakry region, Guinea. Two distinct mineral phases were identified: an oneillite-like phase, associated with the agpaitic rock suite, and, for the first time in this locality, kentbrooksite, occurring in pegmatites. The oneillite-like phase crystallizes in the trigonal system (space group R3), with unit cell parameters a = 14.1489(2) Å, c = 30.1283(5) Å and an idealized crystal chemical formula of Na15(Mn,REE)3(Ca,Mn)3(Fe,Mn)3Zr3(Zr,Si,Al,Nb,Ti)1 (Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(OH,Cl,F)2. Kentbrooksite also exhibits trigonal symmetry (space group R3m), with unit cell parameters a = 14.2037(3) Å c = 30.1507(9) Å and an idealized formula of (Na,REE)15(Ca,Mn)6(Mn,Fe)3Zr3(Nb,Si)1(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(F,Cl,OH)2. Compared to the oneillite-like phase, kentbrooksite is markedly enriched in Mn and rare earth elements (REE). This geochemical distinction aligns with the progressive mineralogical evolution of the system, transitioning from the miaskitic to agpaitic suite (oneillite-like phase) and subsequently to pegmatites (kentbrooksite). These findings are consistent with the broader-scale observations regarding the syenite ring structure of the Los Archipelago.
Genesis of the Xiangluwanzi Gold Deposit, Northeastern China: Insights from Fluid Inclusions and C-H-O Isotopes
Authors: Yang He , Wang Keyong , Ye Bingyang
Published: February 2025

The Xiangluwanzi gold deposit, located in the southern Jilin Province of Northeast China, is hosted within the Jurassic Guosong Formation, and surrounded by Archean granitoids. The ore bodies are governed by near-EW and NE-trending faults. Four alteration/mineralization stages have been distinguished: I, pyrite–sericite–quartz; II, gold–pyrite–quartz; III, sphalerite–quartz–carbonate; and IV, quartz–carbonate. Four types of fluid inclusions (FIs) were identified: pure CO2, CO2-rich, CO2-bearing, and NaCl–H2O fluid inclusions. Stage-I quartz veins contain all FIs, whereas stage II quartz veins host CO2-rich, CO2-bearing, and NaCl-H2O FIs. Only NaCl–H2O FIs were present in stages-III and -IV quartz veins. The homogenization temperatures of the FIs range, respectively, from 233 to 279, 185–242, 171–217, and 148–170 °C in stages I–IV, having salinities of 2.62–8.54, 2.81–7.58, 4.32–6.58, and 3.37–5.25 wt% NaCl equivalents, respectively. The H (−93.5‰ to −75.9‰) and O (δ18OH2O = −5.8‰ to 4.6‰) isotopic compositions suggest magmatic water was gradually diluted by meteoric water. Carbon isotopic values (22.8‰ to −17.8‰) suggest the incorporation of organic carbon from surrounding strata via water–rock interactions. Fluid boiling, fluid mixing, and water–rock interactions are the primary mechanisms driving mineral precipitation.
Mapping Bronze Disease Onset by Multispectral Reflectography
Authors: Porcu Daniela , Innocenti Silvia , Striova Jana , Carretti Emiliano , Fontana Raffaella
Published: February 2025

The early detection of bronze disease is a significant challenge not only in conservation science but also in various industrial fields that utilize copper alloys (i.e., shipbuilding and construction). Due to the aggressive nature of this corrosion pathway, developing methods for its early detection is pivotal. The presence of copper trihydroxychlorides is the main key indicator of the ongoing autocatalytic process. Commonly used for pigment identification, reflectance imaging spectroscopy (RIS) or fiber optics reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) was recently employed for mapping atacamite distribution in extended bronze corrosion patinas. In this work, we detected the onset of bronze disease using visible–near-infrared (VIS-NIR) multispectral reflectography, which allowed for disclosing features that were poorly detectable to the naked eye. The image cube was analyzed using the spectral correlation mapper (SCM) algorithm to map the distribution of copper trihydroxychlorides. FORS and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the patina composition and validate RIS data. A set of bronze samples, representative of Florentine Renaissance workshops, was specifically realized for the present study and artificially aged at different corrosion stages.
The Segmentation of Tunnel Faces in Underground Mines Based on the Optimized YOLOv5
Authors: Ma Chundi , Li Kechao , Pan Jilong , Zheng Jiashuai , Zhang Qinli , Qi Chongchong
Published: February 2025

Tunnel faces in underground mines, as the front line of mining, play an important role in both mine safety and mining intelligence. However, the engineering quality of tunnel faces is still evaluated based on visual observations by technicians, which cannot guarantee safety and real-time performance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more effective method to detect the quality of tunnel face engineering. In this study, a high-performance and accurate tunnel face segmentation model was developed by applying the YOLOv5-seg computer vision model to an underground mine. By optimizing a classic Chinese underground mine image dataset through Sobel preprocessing and improving the network structure of the YOLOv5-seg model using the SimAM module, good predictive performance was achieved for tunnel face segmentation, with values of 0.97, 0.89, 0.80, and 0.78, respectively, achieved for the pixel accuracy, Dice coefficient, mask intersection over union (IOU), and box IOU on the test set. And the performance of this model outperforms all YOLOv5 models and U-net in the same task of tunnel face segmentation. Model interpretation and visualization further demonstrated the positive effect of the SimAM module on the model, and, finally, the segmentation results were used to evaluate the tunnel face engineering. Overall, this study’s results provide a feasible, safe, and real-time method for accurately segmenting tunnel faces in underground mines and provide a reliable approach for data-driven applications of intelligent technology in mines in the future.
Anti-Butterfly Effect in Ribavirin Studied by Combined Experiment (PXRD/1H-14N NQR Cross-Relaxation Spectroscopy), Quantum Chemical Calculations, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and Novel Structure-Binding Strength and Quadrupolar Indices
Authors: Latosińska Jolanta Natalia , Latosińska Magdalena , Seliger Janez , Žagar Veselko , Apih Tomaž
Published: February 2025

Ribavirin, 1-(β-D-Ribofuranosyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide, which is included in the list of drugs recommended in the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, has been the subject of experimental and theoretical investigation. The most thermodynamically stable polymorphic form was studied using 1H-14N NQR cross-relaxation, periodic DFT/QTAIM/RDS/3D Hirshfeld surfaces, and molecular docking. For the first time, a 1H-14N cross-relaxation spectrum of ribavirin was recorded and interpreted. Twelve resonance frequencies were assigned to four inequivalent nitrogen positions in the molecule using combined experimental techniques and solid-state quantum chemical calculations. The influence of the structural alteration on the NQR parameters was modeled using GGA/RPBE. The differences in the binding pattern of ribavirin, acadesine, inosine, guanosine, and favipiravir-ribofuranosyl in the solid state and the protein-ligand complex were assessed to elucidate the differences in the binding mechanism at the molecular level due to aglycone modification. The replacement of the carbon adjacent to the ribose with nitrogen, in conjunction with the absence of oxygen at the 2-position of the ring, resulted in an increased flexibility of the RBV structure in comparison to the favipiravir-ribofuranosyl structure. The present study identified the intramolecular hydrogen bond NH···N in RBV as playing a crucial role in the formation of a quasi-five-membered ring. However, this bond was proven to be too weak to force positioning of the amide group in the ring plane. The ribofuranosyl in RBV inhibits tautomerism and freezes the conformation of the amide group. The results of the molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that RBV and favipiravir-ribofuranosyl incorporated into the RNA primer exhibited comparable stability within the protein binding region. The titular anti-butterfly (inverted butterfly) effect is associated with the consequences of both the changes in aglycone moiety and the neighborhood alteration. Seven structure-binding strength indices and six novel quadrupolar indices defined in this study have been proven to facilitate the evaluation of the similarity of binding motifs in the solid state and protein-ligand complex.
DFT Study on Fused N-Heteroaromatic Frameworks: Stability, Aromaticity, and Energetic Insights from Five-Membered Fused Six-Membered N-Heteroaromatic Skeletons
Authors: Lu Zujia , Li Cong , Li Shaoqun , Yu Qiyao , Zhang Jianguo
Published: February 2025

The five-membered fused six-membered nitrogen heteroaromatic ring system is a crucial skeleton in the design and synthesis of energetic compounds. Based on this skeleton, many high-performance energetic compounds have been synthesized. However, to date, no one has conducted a systematic study on the characteristics of this skeleton itself. To assess how the number and position of nitrogen atoms affect the energy and stability of this type of skeleton, one to four nitrogen-substituted skeleton molecules were analyzed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Natural population analysis (NPA), Laplacian bond order (LBO) analysis, aromaticity studies, and enthalpy of formation calculations were performed. Patterns observed in the computational results were summarized, and their potential correlations were analyzed. Based on these findings, design recommendations for derivatives of these skeletons in energetic compounds were proposed to serve as a reference for energetic material chemists.
A Selective and Fast Approach for Volatile Metalorganics Assaying in Wastewater
Authors: Jankowski Krzysztof , Truskolaska Monika , Borowska Magdalena , Giersz Jacek , Reszke Edward
Published: February 2025

A fast and green approach for the non-chromatographic assaying of volatile metalorganic compounds (VMOCs) is presented, involving the use of thermal desorption microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry for the multi-species simultaneous determination of VMOCs in wastewater plant samples after headspace solid-phase microextraction (HSSPME-TD-MIP-OES), and optimized as a tool for the assessment of ambient exposure to hazardous VMOC pollutants. With the aim of VMOC monitoring, all species are separated and quantified within 10 s in comparison with about 10–20 min required by conventional GC-based procedures. Calibration against aqueous standards was carried out for several metalorganic species. The method was successfully applied for the quantitative extraction of As, Bi, Hg, Sb, Si and Sn compounds. Limits of detection ranging from 5 to 30 ng L−1 and relative standard deviations lower than 4% were obtained. The method is appropriate for high-sample-throughput measurements, and it proved to be suitable for the analysis of wastewater and sewage sludge samples.
Computational and Experimental Studies on the α-Functionalization of Ketones Using Domino Reactions: A Strategy to Increase Chemoselectivity at the α-Carbon of Ketones
Authors: Sun Hui , Yang Li-Heng , Fu Meng-Yun , Cui Bin
Published: February 2025

A facile strategy to increase the chemoselectivity of domino reactions was proposed and successfully applied in the α-functionalization of ketones. The strategy involved widening the activation energy of the main reaction and side reaction through intermolecular interactions, thereby increasing the chemoselectivity of the domino reaction. In the proposed α-functionalization reaction, TMSCF3 acted as an excellent reagent which increased the nucleophilicity of DMF through the Van der Waals force and reduced the nucleophilicity of H2O through a hydrogen bond. We found that TMSCF3 can increase the activation energy difference between the main reaction and side reaction using DFT calculations, which greatly increased chemoselectivity and avoided the formation of by-products. TMSCF3 was recycled by rectification, and the average recovery rate was 87.2%. DFT calculations, XRD experiments, and control experiments were performed to support this mechanism. We are confident that this strategy has the potential to deliver significant practical advancements while simultaneously fostering broader innovation in the field of domino synthesis.
Bioinputs from Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae): Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Assessment of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antibiofilm Activities
Authors: Barbosa Fernando Gomes , Silva Gabriel Fernandes , Oliveira Valter Lúcio Pereira de , Kubijan Lorraine Alves Cassemiro , Costa Leonardo Gomes , Melo Anielly Monteiro de , Teófilo Monatha Nayara Guimarães , Morgado Cristiane Maria Ascari , Campos André José de , Peixoto Josana de Castro , Borges Leonardo Luiz , e Silva Neto Carlos de Melo , Santana Eliete Souza , Paula Joelma Abadia Marciano de
Published: February 2025

By-products of fruit processing may contain bioactive compounds with potential application as bioinputs. This study optimized the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from the by-products of Eugenia dysenterica DC (Myrtaceae) fruit to obtain bioinputs with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities. The fruit by-products (seeds and peels) were subjected to UAE optimization using the Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology. Two optimal conditions were defined: 1-plant material/solvent ratio of 0.01 g/mL, time of 40 min, and ethanol content of 30%; 2–0.19 g/mL, 39 min, and 46%. The bioinputs (liquid extract—LQE; lyophilized extract—LYE), obtained under the optimal conditions, were tested for antioxidant activity (ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH). LQE: 1633.13 µM Trolox/g, 1633.60 µM FeSO4/g and 73.35 g sample/g DPPH; LYE: 1379.75 µM Trolox/g, 1692.09 µM FeSO4/g and 83.35 g sample/g DPPH. For antimicrobial activity, both extracts presented MBC < 62.5 mg/mL and MIC and MBC of 2.5 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa. LQE presented antibiofilm action for S. coagulase (50 mg/mL) and Streptococcus spp. (12.5 mg/mL); LYE for P. aeruginosa (50 mg/mL; 12.5 mg/mL), E. coli (25 mg/mL). The bioinputs obtained by UAE under optimized conditions for phenolic compounds present antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities.
Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from the Biomass of Aromatic Plants After Distillation Using NADES: A Sustainable Alternative Extraction Method
Authors: Truzzi Eleonora , Bertelli Davide , Catellani Benedetta , Jazi Danial Darvishi , Benvenuti Stefania
Published: February 2025

The extraction processes for medicinal plants, particularly the distillation of aromatic plants, generate significant quantities of by-products, consisting of fibrous biomass and hydrosols. These by-products pose challenges for disposal and recovery. Consequently, it is imperative to make the entire highly energy-intensive process more sustainable by valorizing all derivatives. This study aims to recover polyphenols from the exhausted biomasses of Artemisia dracunculus, Echinacea purpurea, Helichrysum italicum (from the Asteraceae family), and Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula × intermedia, Melissa officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Salvia sclarea, and Salvia rosmarinus (from the Lamiaceae family) after steam distillation. The residual biomasses were extracted using ethanol (conventional solvent) and different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) composed of choline chloride in combination with citric and lactic acids at different molar ratios. The NADES containing choline chloride and lactic acid at the molar ratio 1:1 (CLA11) exhibited the highest recovery of representative phenols of the plants, namely chicoric and rosmarinic acids. The CLA11 solvent demonstrated a stronger extractive capacity compared to ethanol in all the biomasses belonging to the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families. Specifically, CLA11 extracts showed a higher number of compounds in UHPLC-HRMS and greater concentrations of chicoric and rosmarinic acids determined by HPLC-DAD than ethanol extracts. In conclusion, NADES were demonstrated to be a viable alternative system for the recovery of bioactive compounds that could be used to formulate new products for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Moreover, the use of NADES can enhance the sustainability of the whole production chain of essential oils being environmentally friendly.
New Viologen-Based Ionic Porous Organic Polymers for Efficient Removal of Anionic Dyes and Hexavalent Chromium (Cr (VI)) from Water
Authors: Lu Meihan , Sun Lijun , Yang Dongxin , Nie Zewen , Gong Weitao
Published: February 2025

Water pollution is a critical environmental issue in modern society, and adsorption is recognized as a straightforward and efficient water purification technique. In this study, three new viologen-based ionic porous organic polymers were designed and successfully synthesized via a simple approach, and their adsorption properties for water pollutants were evaluated. The cationic nature of these polymers, coupled with their large conjugated π-electron system, physicochemical stability, and aromatic backbone, contributes to their high adsorption capacity and rapid adsorption efficiency for anionic contaminants in water such as Methyl Orange, Congo Red, and Cr (VI). The polymers exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 1617 mg/g for MO, 3734 mg/g for CR, and 530.22 mg/g for Cr (VI), surpassing most previously reported adsorbents. Furthermore, the polymers maintained a high removal rate even in the presence of competing anions. Effective separation of anionic dyes from mixed solutions could be achieved through simple filtration. These characteristics make them promising candidates for water purification applications.
Do Obesity and Adipose Tissue Cytokines Influence the Response to Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Authors: Novella-Navarro Marta , Van Den Rym Ana , López-Pedrera Chary , Martínez-Feito Ana , Nieto-Carvalhal Beatriz , Reche Keren , López-Medina Clementina , Escudero-Contreras Alejandro , Nozal Pilar , Miranda-Carús Maria Eugenia , Monjo Irene , De Miguel Eugenio , Balsa Alejandro , Pérez-De Diego Rebeca , Plasencia-Rodríguez Chamaida
Published: February 2025

Background: Obesity is a frequent comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This condition may lead these patients to have poorer disease control and a worse response to some of the available treatments. Objectives: We aim to analyze the role of body mass index (BMI) in the clinical response to Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) in patients with RA. We aim to perform an in-depth analysis of the pathophysiology of obesity by assessing serum adipokine levels, their potential influence in disease activity and their changes with treatment. Methods: This study involved 81 patients with RA treated with JAKis from Hospital La Paz and Hospital Reina Sofía. Patients were classified according to their BMI as normal weight and overweight/obesity. The clinical response to treatment was assessed by the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) 6 months after the initiation of JAKis. Serum adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) were determined using a commercial immunoassay kit in samples obtained before the initiation of JAKis and after 6 months of treatment. Results: Leptin levels showed a significant positive correlation with BMI at baseline (r = 0.59, p < 0.01) and at 6 months (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) in the whole cohort, but no correlation was found between BMI and adiponectin. No correlation between disease activity and BMI was found in the whole cohort at baseline and at 6 months measured by both the CDAI and DAS28. Fifty patients (61.7%) achieved low disease activity (LDA)/remission at 6 months, regardless their BMI, and no differences in serum adipokine levels were observed at baseline and at 6 months in patients who achieved LDA vs. no-LDA. Conclusions: In this study, we did not find an association between obesity and the extent of LDA in patients treated with JAKis; therefore, this mechanism of action could be suitable for overweight/obese patients with RA.
Addressing Nutritional Knowledge Gaps in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ribaudi Eleonora , Amato Simone , Becherucci Guia , Carillo Sara , Covello Carlo , Mora Vincenzina , Mentella Maria Chiara , Scaldaferri Franco , Gasbarrini Antonio , Fanali Caterina , Laterza Lucrezia , Napolitano Daniele
Published: February 2025

This scoping review aims to map the existing literature on nutritional knowledge among people with IBD, identify gaps in current understanding, and provide guidance for future educational interventions. Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, where nutrition plays a crucial role in symptom management. Despite its significance, patient knowledge about proper dietary practices remains limited, with widespread misconceptions potentially leading to suboptimal health outcomes. Methods: This review followed the Arksey and O’Malley framework and adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS) for studies published between 2003 and 2024. Only studies involving adults (≥18 years) with IBD and focusing on nutritional knowledge were included. Results: From 1440 records initially identified, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings highlight that IBD patients often base dietary decisions on personal beliefs rather than evidence-based guidelines, leading to widespread food avoidance and increased risk of malnutrition. Misconceptions such as avoiding dairy, gluten, and fiber without professional advice were prevalent. Educational interventions, including personalized counseling and group sessions, showed the potential to improve nutritional knowledge and symptom management, though their application remains inconsistent across settings. Conclusions: IBD patients face significant gaps in nutritional knowledge, emphasizing the need for structured educational initiatives. A personalized, multidisciplinary approach, integrating dietary education into standard care, is essential to improve symptom control and enhance quality of life. Future research should focus on developing evidence-based interventions tailored to the unique needs of this population.
Food Accessibility and Nutritional Outcomes Among Food-Insecure Pregnant Women in Singapore
Authors: Lim Ethel Jie Kai , Ong Chengsi , Said Abdul Rashid Nurul Syafiqah , Lee Jeannette Jen-Mai , Chew Judith , Chua Mei Chien
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Food insecurity during pregnancy is associated with higher risks of negative physical outcomes for both mother and child. This study aims to understand experiences of food insecurity among low-income Singaporean pregnant women and its impact on nutritional status. Methods: In this cross-sectional, mixed-methods study, 49 food-insecure pregnant women were recruited from KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital between November 2021 and November 2023, among which 11 in-depth interviews were conducted. Questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, 24-Hour dietary recalls, metabolic and nutritional blood tests were conducted for all subjects. Descriptive quantitative analysis was performed and integrated with qualitative thematic analysis to explain findings. Results: On average, women were overweight pre-pregnancy (body mass index 26.1 ± 6.9 kg/m2) and had low haemoglobin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Calorie intake and intake from major food groups did not meet recommendations during pregnancy, except for “Grains”. From interviews, effects of financial constraints, how participants managed their food supply and pregnancy-related symptoms, supported findings from 24-Hour dietary recalls. Conclusions: Food insecurity led to suboptimal nutritional status and diets in Singaporean pregnant women despite appearing well-nourished. Further exploration of perspectives of food-insecure mothers, healthcare providers and welfare organisations is needed to devise long-term solutions to improve food security and alleviate malnutrition.
“Salt and Eat It or No Salt and Trash It?” Shifts in Support for School Meal Program Flexibilities in Public Comments
Authors: Moreland-Russell Sarah , Zimmermann Natasha , Gannon Jessica , Ferris Dan , Alba Charles , Jacob Rebekah R.
Published: February 2025

Background: The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act was passed in 2010 to update nutrition standards in the National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs to be in accordance with evidence-based guidelines. In 2017 and 2020, the United States Department of Agriculture proposed flexibilities to the nutrition standards for milk, whole grains, and sodium. Objective: This study examines the positions used by stakeholders in support for or opposition to the proposed rules. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal qualitative content analysis of public comments posted to the U.S. Federal Register in response to the USDA’s proposed rules in 2017 and 2020. All public comments submitted by individuals and organizations were analyzed (n = 7323, 2017 and n = 2513, 2020). Results: Results indicated three categories of arguments: (1) comments favoring the original law, (2) comments favoring flexibilities, and (3) other. In both comment periods, constituents opposed the implementation of flexibilities, while schools and manufacturers/industry predominately supported them. Academic and advocacy organizations opposed the original proposed change (2017) but relaxed their position in 2020. Conclusions: Any flexibility to the required nutritional standards of school meals has the potential to affect the health trajectory of youth. It is imperative to understand how stakeholders view this issue and inform policy change.
Zinc Concentration in Breast Milk Is Inversely Correlated with the Zinc Supplementation Requirements of Preterm Infants
Authors: Miyazawa Tokuo , Shirai Madoka , Noguchi Yutaro , Haruyama Kazuna , Oikawa Kosuke , Ebata Akio , Terada Tomomasa , Hasebe Yoshiyuki , Mizuno Katsumi
Published: February 2025

Background: Zinc is an essential trace element that is crucial for numerous biological processes, including protein synthesis, antioxidant activity, and bone calcification. Preterm infants are at high risk of zinc deficiency owing to inadequate zinc stores at birth and the rapid decline in zinc concentration in breast milk. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between zinc concentrations in breast milk and zinc supplementation in preterm infants. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Showa University Hospital, enrolling preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestation or with a birth weight of less than 1800 g. Serum zinc levels, breast milk zinc concentrations, and zinc acetate supplementation were analyzed. Results: The results indicated an inverse correlation between breast milk zinc concentration and the required zinc supplementation dose. Infants receiving high-dose zinc supplementation (≥3 mg/kg/day) had significantly lower breast milk zinc concentrations at 2, 4, and 5 weeks postpartum. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for individualized zinc monitoring and supplementation strategies to prevent zinc deficiency in preterm infants. Considering the absence of zinc in human milk fortifiers in Japan, aggressive zinc supplementation may be necessary to ensure optimal growth and development.
Association Between the Predominant Domain of Eating Behavior and Perception of Distortion of and Satisfaction with Body Image in People Who Underwent Bariatric Surgery in Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Renata Cristina Bezerra , Pereira Izabella Syane Oliveira , Bahia Gizeuda Rosi , Souza Alvaro Lucas Fernandes , Teixeira Paula Raimunda Araújo , Paracampo Carla Cristina Paiva , de Sá Naíza Nayla Bandeira
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for weight loss and improvement of associated comorbidities. However, some factors could negatively influence favorable results after surgery. This paper aimed to identify whether there is an association between the predominant domain of eating behavior and perception of distortion of and satisfaction with body image in people who underwent bariatric surgery in Brazil. Materials and Methods: To this end, we carried out a cross-sectional, quantitative, analytical study with a convenience sample and with data collected through online questionnaires available on Google Forms™. Results: There was a higher frequency for females. Cognitive restriction was the predominant eating behavior domain. We found an association between body image distortion and cognitive restriction (p = 0.001) and between body image distortion and emotional eating (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The results elucidated the importance of researching eating behavior and body image in people who have had bariatric surgery. New prospective studies should be encouraged to understand the cause–effect relationship between eating behavior and body image.
Validation Evidence for the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Peuckert Marina Zanette , Ayala Camila Ospina , Mattiello Rita , Viola Thiago Wendt , Walker Marthina Streda , Feoli Ana Maria Pandolfo , Drumond Costa Caroline Abud
Published: February 2025

Background: Eating behavior is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors from early infancy, shaping an individual’s relationship with food. Tools such as the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) were designed to evaluate these patterns in children and facilitate the early identification of potential issues. Objective: The objective of this study is to validate the CEBQ for use in Brazilian children and adolescents. Methods: Parents/caregivers of students from public and private schools in southern Brazil completed the CEBQ. Anthropometric measurements of students’ weight and height were also taken. Psychometric properties were assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), construct validity (exploratory factor analysis), and criterion validity (correlation between CEBQ scores and participants’ body mass index-for-age categories). Results: A total of 205 participants aged 3 to 13 and their caregivers participated in this study. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a five-factor questionnaire and a reduction of four items. All remaining items had a factor loading > 0.3. Cronbach’s alpha values were satisfactory, with values ≥ 0.7 in all factors, supporting the instrument’s internal consistency. The findings also showed significant associations between CEBQ scales and participants’ BMI for age. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide evidence that the CEBQ is a valid tool for assessing eating behavior in Brazilian children and adolescents.
Regional Dietary Pattern Associated with the Risk of Hypertensive Dyslipidemia Multimorbidity in Chinese Elderly: Results from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2015–2017
Authors: Li Jiaxi , Zhao Liyun , Yu Dongmei , Wu Xingxing , Fang Hongyun , Gong Weiyi , Wang Pengfei , Hua Lei , Ju Lahong
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study investigated regional dietary patterns and their association with hypertensive dyslipidemia multimorbidity among older Chinese adults. Methods: Data from 13,809 individuals (aged ≥ 65 years) were extracted from the 2015–2017 China Nutrition and Health Surveillance. Hypertensive dyslipidemia multimorbidity was defined as concurrent hypertension and dyslipidemia. Four dietary patterns were identified via exploratory factor analysis using 3-day 24 h dietary records. Results: Four dietary patterns were extracted: traditional southern, diverse, high oil and salt, and animal oil–other animal meat–coarse grain pattern. The national prevalence of hypertensive dyslipidemia multimorbidity was 31.9%, with significant regional variation (highest in North China: 36.4%; lowest in Central China: 27.9%; p < 0.0001). Regional dietary dominance included: the traditional southern pattern in South China (75.9%); the traditional southern (35.8%) and diversified (28.8%) patterns in East China; animal oil–other animal meat–coarse grain (38.4%) and traditional southern (37.9%) patterns in Southwest China; high oil and salt (36.8%) and traditional southern (25.9%) in Central China; diversified (47.7%) and high oil and salt (26.3%) patterns in North China; high oil and salt (44.9%) and diversified (37.9%) patterns in Northwest China; and the diversified (46.9%) pattern in Northeast China. In the highest scoring group of the animal oil–other animal meat–coarse grain pattern, the risk of hypertensive dyslipidemia multimorbidity was 1.179 times greater compared with the lowest scoring group (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.179, 95% CI: 1.032–1.316, p < 0.001). Region-specific analyses highlighted: increased risks with the traditional southern pattern in South/East China (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 2.080, 95% CI: 1.036–4.175, p < 0.001) and (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.734, 95% CI: 1.052–2.859, p < 0.001); protective effects of the diversified pattern in Northwest China (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.377, 95% CI: 0.173–0.824, p < 0.001); elevated risks with the high oil and salt pattern in Central/North China (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 2.343, 95% CI: 1.107-4.955, p < 0.001) and (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.837, 95% CI: 1.019–3.312, p < 0.001); and higher risks with the animal oil–other animal meat–coarse grain pattern in Southwest China (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 2.009, 95% CI: 1.004–4.021, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, dietary patterns among elderly Chinese are diversified and should be optimized based on local food resources to control hypertensive dyslipidemia multimorbidity.
Nutritional Status of Children Under Five Years in the Slums of West Bengal, India: A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence, Characteristics, and Determinants
Authors: Jaleel Abdul , Saha Swapan Bikash , Arlappa N. , Banerjee Meghendra , Chaudhuri Samir Narayan , Mondal Mithun , Sreeramakrishna K. , Babu Ranjith
Published: February 2025

Objective: With rapid urbanization in countries like India, understanding the nutritional status and needs of urban populations, particularly among underprivileged groups such as people living in slums, is crucial. This study investigates the prevalence, characteristics, and determinants of child malnutrition in the urban slums of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) and Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) in West Bengal, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 736 children aged 6–59 months. Data were collected using structured interviews to gather socioeconomic, demographic, and dietary information, alongside anthropometric measurements. The analysis employed the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF), and multiple linear regression (MLR) models to identify key factors influencing malnutrition. Results: The findings revealed a high prevalence of stunting (24.1%), underweight (22.3%), and wasting (15.4%) among children aged 6–59 months, with significant variations observed between the two study sites. Key predictors of anthropometric malnutrition include low household income, incidence of recent illness, low maternal nutrition, and delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Conclusions: Addressing child malnutrition in urban slums requires integrated strategies encompassing income-generation opportunities, health-sensitive urban planning, and focused maternal and child health interventions.
Epidemiological Profile and Risk Factors Related to Sexually Transmitted Infections in Sex Workers in Granada (Spain)
Authors: Llavero-Molino Isabel , Sánchez-Torres María , Hueso-Montoro César , González-García Alberto , García-García Inmaculada , Jiménez-Bautista Francisco , Pérez-Morente María Ángeles
Published: February 2025

Background: Sex work is one of the oldest trades in the world. It is the practice of sexual activity in exchange for money or material goods. It has traditionally been carried out by women, although in recent years, there has been an increase in the number of male sex workers. Sex workers have been recognized as a population at high risk of contracting and transmitting sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus and have had limited access to multiple services, including health care. Objective: The aim was to identify the epidemiological profile and risk factors of a population of sex workers in the province of Granada, southern Spain. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the medical records at a specific sexually transmitted infection center in Spain. Results: A total of 157 sex workers’ records were analyzed, most of whom were women, who mainly identified as heterosexual, with a mean age of 28.52 years and a high percentage of foreign nationality. Some sexual behaviors associated with the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections were also analyzed. Conclusions: The results revealed a deficient coverage of the health needs of a highly vulnerable and stigmatized social group, highlighting the need for interventions to prevent risky habits, as well as to promote behaviors aimed at achieving better sexual health.
Risk Determinants of Sexual Behaviors: Dating Apps, History of Sexually Transmitted Infections, Substance Use, and Pornography Consumption in Health Science Students
Authors: Naranjo-Márquez María , Bocchino Anna , Gilart Ester , Cotobal-Calvo Eva Manuela , Procentese Fortuna , Palazón-Fernández José Luis
Published: February 2025

Background: Since 2020, there has been a significant increase in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially in young people, and these include syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and lymphogranuloma venereum, which are often asymptomatic but with the potential for transmission. In addition, certain risk behaviors, such as the use of dating apps, pornography, and substance use, reduce adherence to barrier methods, especially in men, thus facilitating the spread of these infections. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study aimed to explore the relationship between the use of dating apps, drug and pornographic material consumption, and STI history in university students of the health sciences. Results: The sample consisted of 730 participants. The results indicated that individuals who identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual reported significantly higher rates of dating app use, drug use, and pornography consumption compared to those who identified as heterosexual. Also, these groups showed lower adherence to contraceptive and protective methods. A statistical analysis revealed a relationship between the use of dating apps and increased sexual risk behaviors, suggesting that the accessibility of these platforms could influence the frequency and type of sexual contact. Conclusions: The increase in the prevalence of STIs in recent years has highlighted the urgency of strengthening prevention and sexual health promotion strategies, especially in young and high-risk populations. This study emphasizes the need for early and targeted interventions in high-risk groups to reduce the incidence of STIs and promote responsible sexual health practices.
Extensive T-Cell Profiling Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with DMTs
Authors: Solchenberger Hannah , Odendahl Marcus , Schriefer Dirk , Proschmann Undine , Rahbani Georges Katoul al , Ziemssen Tjalf , Akgün Katja
Published: February 2025

Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are known to impact cellular and humoral immune response in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). In this study, we performed in-depth SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell profiling using flow cytometry. T-cell immunity in pwMS with or without DMTs was evaluated before a first SARS-CoV-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccination and at one-, two- and six-month follow-up. T-cell stimulation without SARS-CoV-2-specific antigens was used as a control. T-cell response was compared to B-cell response by evaluating SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. We observed an upregulation of specific subpopulations of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4+ T cells. Thus, our results demonstrate the induction of a broad and distinct CD4+ T-cell response in pwMS even on anti-CD20 treatment and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulation after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. This was particularly seen in CD4+high and CD4+CD154+ T cells. Our results do not support the induction of a CD8+ T-cell immune response. While humoral immune response was impaired in pwMS during ocrelizumab and fingolimod treatment, there was evidence of a compensatory upregulation of subpopulations of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells at low levels of seroconversion in pwMS. In conclusion, our results provide important insights into the mechanisms of the adaptive immune response in pwMS following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination.
Oligodendroglioma of the Hippocampus: A Case Report and Systematic Review on Therapeutic Approaches of Oligodendroglioma After WHO 2021 Classification
Authors: Skouras Panagiotis , Giakoumettis Georgios , Argyros Charalampos , Vavoulis George , Verigos Emmanouil K. , Giakoumettis Dimitrios
Published: February 2025

Background: Oligodendrogliomas are a molecularly distinct subtype of glioma according to the WHO 2021 tumor classification, defined as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and 1p/19q co-deletion. This updated classification has changed the approach to glioma management by emphasizing the critical role of molecular diagnostics. This study explores current therapeutic strategies for adult oligodendrogliomas and contextualizes findings with a patient with a Grade 3 oligodendroglioma of the hippocampus. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, synthesizing evidence from 36 studies published between 2021 and 2024. The review focuses on surgical resection, PCV chemotherapy (procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine), and radiotherapy, with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) as primary outcomes. Moreover, a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with an IDH-mutant, 1p/19q-co-deleted Grade 3 oligodendroglioma is presented to illustrate clinical management. Results: The review highlights the significance of molecular profiling in personalizing treatment strategies. The findings highlight that maximal safe surgical resection combined with PCV chemotherapy and radiotherapy optimizes PFS and OS. However, our case underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy after a multidisciplinary consultation, demonstrating favorable initial outcomes. These findings reaffirm the importance of integrating molecular insight into clinical decision-making. Conclusions: Advancements in molecular diagnostics have profoundly enhanced the personalization of therapy for oligodendrogliomas, yielding improved survival outcomes. Optimal management should entail a multidisciplinary approach incorporating surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, guided by molecular features. This study reinforces the necessity of molecular-driven strategies to improve survival and quality of care for patients with oligodendroglioma.
Exploiting the Anticancer, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Potential of Naphthoquinone Derivatives: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Authors: Xiang Shouyan , Li Yubei , Khan Shah Nawaz , Zhang Weixin , Yuan Gaoyang , Cui Jiahua
Published: February 2025

Cancer remains a primary cause of mortality, with over 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths globally in 2018. Chemotherapy, which utilizes a spectrum of cytotoxic drugs targeting the rapidly dividing cancer cells, is a predominant treatment modality. However, the tendency of chemotherapeutics to induce drug resistance and exhibit non-specific cytotoxicity necessitates the development of new anticancer agents with heightened efficacy and minimized toxicity. In recent years, the discovery of safe and effective antibacterial/antiviral agents has also been a hot spot in medicinal chemistry. This paper comprehensively reviews the synthesis, anticancer/antibacterial/antiviral activity, and structure–activity relationships of natural 1,4-naphthoquinones and their derivatives. It highlights their potential as efficient and low-toxicity antitumor and anti-infectious drug candidates.
Reshaping [99mTc]Tc-DT11 to DT14D Tagged with Trivalent Radiometals for NTS1R-Positive Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Kanellopoulos Panagiotis , Nock Berthold A. , Krenning Eric P. , Maina Theodosia
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Radiotheranostics of neurotensin subtype 1 receptor (NTS1R)-expressing tumors, like pancreatic, gastrointestinal, or prostate cancer, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Still, the fast degradation of neurotensin (NT)-based radioligands, by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), neprilysin (NEP), and other proteases, has considerably compromised their efficacy. The recently introduced [99mTc]Tc-DT11 (DT11, N4-Lys(MPBA-PEG4)-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu-OH; N4, 6-(carboxy)-1,4,8,11-tetraazaundecane) has displayed promising uptake in NTS1R-positive tumors in mice and enhanced resistance to both ACE and NEP by virtue of the lateral MPBA-PEG4 (MPBA, 4-(4-methylphenyl)butyric acid; PEG4, 14-amino-3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecan-1-oic acid) chain attached to the ε-NH2 of Lys7. We were next interested in investigating whether these qualities could be retained in DT14D, likewise modified at Lys7 but carrying the universal chelator DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) via a (βAla)3 spacer at the α-NH2 of Lys7. This chelator switch enables the labeling of DT14D with a wide range of trivalent radiometals suitable for true theranostic applications, not restricted to the diagnostic imaging of NTS1R-positive lesions only by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: DT14D was labeled with Ga-67 (a surrogate for the positron emission tomography radionuclide Ga-68), In-111 (for SPECT), and Lu-177 (applied in radiotherapy). The resulting radioligands were tested in NTS1R-expressing pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells and mice models. Results: [67Ga]Ga/[111In]In/[177Lu]Lu-DT14D displayed high affinity for human NTS1R and internalization in AsPC-1 cells. They remained >70% intact 5 min after entering the mice’s circulation, displaying NTS1R-specific uptake in AsPC-1 xenografts. Conclusions: Suitably side-chain modified NT analogs show enhanced metabolic stability and hence better prospects for radiotheranostic application in NTS1R-positive cancer.
Hands-On Quantum Cryptography: Experimentation with the B92 Protocol Using Pulsed Lasers
Authors: Gandelman Sara P. , Maslennikov Alona , Rozenman Georgi Gary
Published: February 2025

Quantum cryptography continues to be an area of significant research and educational interest. Here, a straightforward and reliable approach to both the experimental and theoretical aspects of quantum key distribution is presented, tailored for senior undergraduate students. Focusing on illustrating the essential concepts of the B92 protocol through a combination of optical experiments and custom-developed computational tools, this work offers a thorough exploration of quantum cryptography according to the principles of the B92 protocol.