bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms during Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Dental Follicle Cells
Authors: Morsczeck Christian
Published: May 2022

Human dental follicle cells (DFCs) as periodontal progenitor cells are used for studies and research in regenerative medicine and not only in dentistry. Even if innovative regenerative therapies in medicine are often considered the main research area for dental stem cells, these cells are also very useful in basic research and here, for example, for the elucidation of molecular processes in the differentiation into mineralizing cells. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms driving osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. The positive feedback loop of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and homeobox protein DLX3 and a signaling pathway associated with protein kinase B (AKT) and protein kinase C (PKC) are presented and further insights related to other signaling pathways such as the WNT signaling pathway are explained. Subsequently, some works are presented that have investigated epigenetic modifications and non-coding ncRNAs and their connection with the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. In addition, studies are presented that have shown the influence of extracellular matrix molecules or fundamental biological processes such as cellular senescence on osteogenic differentiation. The putative role of factors associated with inflammatory processes, such as interleukin 8, in osteogenic differentiation is also briefly discussed. This article summarizes the most important insights into the mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation in DFCs and is intended to be a small help in the direction of new research projects in this area.
Colonization and Infection of Indwelling Medical Devices by Staphylococcus aureus with an Emphasis on Orthopedic Implants
Authors: Pietrocola Giampiero , Campoccia Davide , Motta Chiara , Montanaro Lucio , Arciola Carla Renata , Speziale Pietro
Published: May 2022

The use of indwelling medical devices has constantly increased in recent years and has revolutionized the quality of life of patients affected by different diseases. However, despite the improvement of hygiene conditions in hospitals, implant-associated infections remain a common and serious complication in prosthetic surgery, mainly in the orthopedic field, where infection often leads to implant failure. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of biomaterial-centered infection. Upon binding to the medical devices, these bacteria proliferate and develop dense communities encased in a protective matrix called biofilm. Biofilm formation has been proposed as occurring in several stages—(1) attachment; (2) proliferation; (3) dispersal—and involves a variety of host and staphylococcal proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous factors. Moreover, biofilm formation is strictly regulated by several control systems. Biofilms enable staphylococci to avoid antimicrobial activity and host immune response and are a source of persistent bacteremia as well as of localized tissue destruction. While considerable information is available on staphylococcal biofilm formation on medical implants and important results have been achieved on the treatment of biofilms, preclinical and clinical applications need to be further investigated. Thus, the purpose of this review is to gather current studies about the mechanism of infection of indwelling medical devices by S. aureus with a special focus on the biochemical factors involved in biofilm formation and regulation. We also provide a summary of the current therapeutic strategies to combat biomaterial-associated infections and highlight the need to further explore biofilm physiology and conduct research for innovative anti-biofilm approaches.
Enhanced Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses, TRIM28 and SETDB1 in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Tovo Pier-Angelo , Davico Chiara , Marcotulli Daniele , Vitiello Benedetto , Daprà Valentina , Calvi Cristina , Montanari Paola , Carpino Andrea , Galliano Ilaria , Bergallo Massimiliano
Published: May 2022

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are relics of ancestral infections and represent 8% of the human genome. They are no longer infectious, but their activation has been associated with several disorders, including neuropsychiatric conditions. Enhanced expression of HERV-K and HERV-H envelope genes has been found in the blood of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients, but no information is available on syncytin 1 (SYN1), SYN2, and multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus (MSRV), which are thought to be implicated in brain development and immune responses. HERV activation is regulated by TRIM28 and SETDB1, which are part of the epigenetic mechanisms that organize the chromatin architecture in response to external stimuli and are involved in neural cell differentiation and brain inflammation. We assessed, through a PCR realtime Taqman amplification assay, the transcription levels of pol genes of HERV-H, -K, and -W families, of env genes of SYN1, SYN2, and MSRV, as well as of TRIM28 and SETDB1 in the blood of 33 ASD children (28 males, median 3.8 years, 25–75% interquartile range 3.0–6.0 y) and healthy controls (HC). Significantly higher expressions of TRIM28 and SETDB1, as well as of all the HERV genes tested, except for HERV-W-pol, were found in ASD, as compared with HC. Positive correlations were observed between the mRNA levels of TRIM28 or SETDB1 and every HERV gene in ASD patients, but not in HC. Overexpression of TRIM28/SETDB1 and several HERVs in children with ASD and the positive correlations between their transcriptional levels suggest that these may be main players in pathogenetic mechanisms leading to ASD.
The Emerging Role of Cell Transdifferentiation in Skeletal Development and Diseases
Authors: Wang Ke , Ma Chi , Feng Jian Q. , Jing Yan
Published: May 2022

The vertebrate musculoskeletal system is known to be formed by mesenchymal stem cells condensing into tissue elements, which then differentiate into cartilage, bone, tendon/ligament, and muscle cells. These lineage-committed cells mature into end-stage differentiated cells, like hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteocytes, which are expected to expire and to be replaced by newly differentiated cells arising from the same lineage pathway. However, there is emerging evidence of the role of cell transdifferentiation in bone development and disease. Although the concept of cell transdifferentiation is not new, a breakthrough in cell lineage tracing allowed scientists to trace cell fates in vivo. Using this powerful tool, new theories have been established: (1) hypertrophic chondrocytes can transdifferentiate into bone cells during endochondral bone formation, fracture repair, and some bone diseases, and (2) tendon cells, beyond their conventional role in joint movement, directly participate in normal bone and cartilage formation, and ectopic ossification. The goal of this review is to obtain a better understanding of the key roles of cell transdifferentiation in skeletal development and diseases. We will first review the transdifferentiation of chondrocytes to bone cells during endochondral bone formation. Specifically, we will include the history of the debate on the fate of chondrocytes during bone formation, the key findings obtained in recent years on the critical factors and molecules that regulate this cell fate change, and the role of chondrocyte transdifferentiation in skeletal trauma and diseases. In addition, we will also summarize the latest discoveries on the novel roles of tendon cells and adipocytes on skeletal formation and diseases.
Epigenetic Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Genes’ Expressions in Adipose Tissue in the Course of Obesity
Authors: Koźniewski Krzysztof , Wąsowski Michał , Jonas Marta Izabela , Lisik Wojciech , Jonas Maurycy , Binda Artur , Jaworski Paweł , Tarnowski Wiesław , Noszczyk Bartłomiej , Puzianowska-Kuźnicka Monika , Kuryłowicz Alina
Published: May 2022

Estrogen affects adipose tissue function. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing changes in the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β genes (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively) in the adipose tissues of obese individuals before and after weight loss and verifying whether epigenetic mechanisms were involved in this phenomenon. ESR1 and ESR2 mRNA and miRNA levels were evaluated using real-time PCR in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 78 obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2) and 31 normal-weight (BMI = 20–24.9 kg/m2) individuals and in 19 SAT samples from post-bariatric patients. ESR1 and ESR2 methylation status was studied using the methylation-sensitive digestion/real-time PCR method. Obesity was associated with a decrease in mRNA levels of both ERs in SAT (p < 0.0001) and ESR2 in VAT (p = 0.0001), while weight loss increased ESR transcription (p < 0.0001). Methylation levels of ESR1 and ESR2 promoters were unaffected. However, ESR1 mRNA in the AT of obese subjects correlated negatively with the expression of hsa-miR-18a-5p (rs = −0.444), hsa-miR-18b-5p (rs = −0.329), hsa-miR-22-3p (rs = −0.413), hsa-miR-100-5p (rs = −0.371), and hsa-miR-143-5p (rs = −0.289), while the expression of ESR2 in VAT correlated negatively with hsa-miR-576-5p (rs = −0.353) and in SAT with hsa-miR-495-3p (rs = −0.308). In conclusion, obesity-associated downregulation of ER mRNA levels in adipose tissue may result from miRNA interference.
Carbonaceous FexP Synthesized via Carbothermic Reduction of Dephosphorization Slag as Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst for Water Splitting
Authors: He Sai , Liu Yaqin , Peng Shanlong , Lin Lu
Published: May 2022

Developing the high-efficiency and cheap non-noble catalysts towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of significance for water splitting. Herein, for the first time, we report a simple method of acid leaching combined with carbothermic reduction with dephosphorization slag to construct a carbonaceous FexP/C catalyst. In alkaline medium, the corresponding overpotential when the output current density was 10 mA cm−2 (η10) was only 145 mV. Additionally, there was no obvious attenuation after 3000 cycles, which showed significantly better activity and stability than that of non-carbonaceous FexP catalysts prepared by gas–solid phosphating. The structure and composition of FexP/C were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. The electrochemical properties of the electrode were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, linear scanning voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic stability. The results showed that the prepared FexP/C was composed of FeP-Fe2P mixed nanocrystals supported on amorphous carbon. Compared with FexP, the synergistic catalysis of the FeP and Fe2P phases as well as the interactive support effect between the FeP-Fe2P mixed nanocrystals and the amorphous carbon support will attribute the rich active sites for electrocatalytic reaction and reduce the charge transfer resistance. Thus, FexP/C has good hydrogen evolution activity and stability. Overall, the preparation of catalysts with high additional value based on dephosphorization slag was preliminarily explored.
The methods of automatic decoding of agricultural land boundaries
Authors:   State University of Land Management, Moscow, Pantyushin V.A. , Mayorova O.V. ,   State University of Land Management, Moscow
Published: May 2022

The concept "image boundaries" is proposed to be considered not only as an object of decryption, but also as a direct decryption feature of land plots. The article deals with the theoretical and practical issues of automation of decoding agricultural land based on the selection of their boundaries in digital images. Analysis of ways and methods of decoding in order to select boundaries allows us to conclude about the effectiveness of using image segmentation in the processes of preprocessing and automatic selection of boundaries in a digital image. It is proposed to use the well-known operators of spatial differentiation with subsequent thresholding for image segmentation, such as Roberts, Sobel, and Laplace operators. The visual analysis of the results of digital image processing shows that the most expedient and appropriate way is to use the Laplace operator to solve the problem of identifying land use boundaries. The experimental studies show that the number of selected contours in the image will depend on the measure of the threshold value, which allows the elements to be defined as border points.
Fish-spawning channels are a means of improving the conditions of natural reproduction of populations of anadromous fish on regulated rivers
Authors:   Russian Research Institute of Land Reclamation Problems, Russia, Shkura Viktor Nikolaevich , Shevchenko Alexey Viktorovich ,   Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Russia, Novocherkassk, Rostov Regio
Published: May 2022

The relevance of the development is predetermined by the need to solve the problem of creating conditions for the natural reproduction of commercial stocks and the restoration of populations of passable, semi-passable and aquatic fish in the conditions of river flow regulation carried out by the construction of cascades of waterworks on them. One of the ways to solve this problem on the Lower Don is the creation of near-hydro-node fish-spawning channels that provide conditions for the passage and spawning of anadromous-migrating fish. When designing such structures, specialists feel a lack of information and recommendations on the technical justification of their layout and design solutions. This circumstance predetermined the purpose of the study, which consists in summarizing information and evaluating the layout and design solutions of the Nikolaev, Konstantinovsky, Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky fish-spawning channels (FSCs) and developing proposals for their improvement. The factual basis of the development was made up of the materials of the survey of existing and analysis of projects of fishspawning channels on the Lower Don low-pressure waterworks. Based on the materials of the survey and analysis, the schemes of their layout and design solutions, flow-rate parameters and geometric dimensions were established, the advantages of fish-spawning channels over other types of fish-passing structures were determined. Based on the materials of the survey of existing structures, the disadvantages of their layout and design solutions were found, consisting in the remoteness of the entrances to the channels from the dams, excessive flow rates in their tracts, the absence of recreation areas for fish, the inability to regulate the values of speeds attracting fish with changing water levels in the river, the lack of equipment of the entrance heads, the failure of the technical execution of the channel coating and elements of enhanced roughness. The directions of improving the layout and design solutions of the channels in terms of eliminating their shortcomings in the projects of the Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky waterworks are determined. The evaluation of design solutions is given and generalizations are made to determine the parameters of channels and their layout and design solutions, which are recommended to be taken into account and used in their design.
Correlation analysis of relative chlorophyll content and yield of maize hybrids of different genotypes
Authors: Zagyi Péter , Tamás András , Rácz Dalma , Fejér Péter , Radócz László , Horváth Éva
Published: May 2022

In 2021, correlation between relative chlorophyll content and yield in three maize hybrids of different genotypes was examined. The data were collected at the Látókép Experimental Station of the University of Debrecen located on the Hajdúság loess ridge in Hungary. The soil of the small plot field strip plot trial, which was set up in 2011, was calcareous chernozem. Apart from the control treatment (without fertilisation), N fertiliser is applied in the form of base and top dressing. The base fertiliser containing 60 and 120 kg ha-1 N of nutrient applied in spring was followed by top dressing containing +30–30 kg ha-1 N in V6 and V12 phenophases. SPAD values measured at different phenological stages of the growing season increased by an average of about 28% up to 10 leaf stage for all three hybrids. In the pre-silking period (Vn), the relative chlorophyll content decreased by 8% on average. After an average increase of 14% in the tasselling and silking period, SPAD decreased by an average of about 29% at full maturity (R6).
For the different fertiliser treatments, higher N doses resulted in higher yields. In the basal fertiliser treatment, the A 60 N dose resulted in an average 34% increase in yield, and the A 120 N dose resulted in an average 94% increase in yield compared to the control. The 60 kg ha-1 N basal fertiliser (A60) increased in the V6 phenophase with an additional 30 kg ha-1 N resulted in an average yield increase of 26%. When 120 kg ha-1 N of basal fertiliser (A120) was increased by an additional 30 kg ha-1 N in the V6 phenophase, only the Merida hybrid showed a significant yield increase (7%). No further yield increase was observed when V690 and V6150 treatments were increased by an additional 30 kg ha-1 N in the V12 phenophase. The yield of the Armagnac hybrid decreased by almost 20%, the yield of Fornad by 3% and the yield of Merida by 1%.
Genetic structure of the Lipizzan horse breed in Hungary through the mare families
Authors: Kovács Máté , Mihók Sándor
Published: May 2022

Modern animal husbandry has drastically changed the genetic structure of some domestic species. The varieties, genotypes that we think we do not need at the moment can only be saved from extinction with the help of gene conservation. Traditional Hungarian horse breeds have a long history (more than 200 years) and a demonstrably different genetic structure from other horse breeds in Europe and the rest of the world. Consequently, their enormous genetic value is undoubted. The subject of our research was to study the structure of the mare families found in the population of the Lipizzan horse breed and the genetic structure of the Hungarian population. Out of the total 61 mare families in the world, 35 are present in Hungary. There are 11 Hungarian, 12 families of Fogaras, 7 original, 4 Croatian and 1 Slovenian mare families in the Hungarian population. The proportion of mare families in Hungary and Fogaras is almost the same. The proportion of Croatian and Slovenian families is negligible. In terms of their number, they are not significant in Hungary. For this reason they have little effect on the Hungarian Lipizzan population. Except one of the original mare families are in the same situation as the Croatian and Slovenian families. The Presciana / Bradamanta mare family is the most populous of all families due to their long stay in Hungary. The proportion of families is unbalanced. Seven mare families accounting for 56.36% of the total population. Given the basic requirements of gene conservation work, this condition is far from optimal.
effect of β-glucan, carotenoids, oligosaccharides and anthocyanins on bacteria groups of excreta in broiler chickens
Authors: Csernus Brigitta , Biró Sándor , Babinszky László , Stündl László , Remenyik Judit , Pesti-Asbóth Georgina , Oláh János , Czeglédi Levente
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted to examine the effect of natural compounds, such as β-glucan, carotenoids, oligosaccharides, and anthocyanins in the diet on bacteria gropus of excreta in Ross 308 broiler chickens. Chickens were fed 5 diets: control (basal) diet, a diet supplemented by β-glucan at 0.05%, and diets supplemented by carotenoids, oligosaccharides, or anthocyanins at 0.5% of each compound. On experimental day 19, excreta were collected to determine the proportion of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Campylobacter, Clostridium, and Escherichia coli. Samples were collected aseptically and snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Bacterial DNA was isolated from samples, then polymerase chain reaction using primer pairs designed to the 16S rDNA of bacterial groups were applied to define the proportion of the mentioned bacteria. Another universal primer pair was used to amplify a region of 16S rDNA of all the examined bacteria. Proportion of each bacterial groups was determined relatively to the intensity of universal PCR product band by gel documenting system and ImageLab software. Based on the results, carotenoids and anthocyanins increased the proportion of Bifidobacterium, which might imply the beneficial effects of the mentioned compounds on the bacteria composition of excreta.
Examination of the efficacy of different fungicides against Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in laboratory conditions
Authors: Csüllög Kitti , Biró Györgyi , Gonsalves Joycline David , Sanga Stoweka Maneno , Tuly Nowrin Mostafa , Abushawish Abdul Kareem , Tóth Gyula , Vartek Cintia , Ernhardt Nóra , Tarcali Gábor , Csótó András
Published: May 2022

Macrophomina phaseolina and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are two significant fungal pathogens of sunflower. M. phaseolina causes charcoal rot and ashy stem blight in several important crop species. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes white mold disease which can occur as middle stalk rot, head rot and premature plant death. Due to the wide host range of the two pathogens and their survival structures, crop rotation cannot provide sufficient protection against them. In our experiment, we selected two fungicides, Mirage and Prosaro, which are widely used in practice, and we tested their efficacy against the two pathogens. The efficiency of these fungicides was tested at a concentration of 10; 20; 50; 100 and 500 ppm. The Prosaro totally inhibited the mycelial growth of both pathogens at a concentration of 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 500 ppm. The Mirage caused total mycelial growth inhibition in all treatments against both pathogens.
Evaluation of the relationship between main type traits and longevity in Hungarian Simmental cows
Authors: Török Evelin , Füller Imre , Vágó Barnabás , Posta János
Published: May 2022

The Hungarian Simmental cattle is a dual-purpose breed, having good milk and meat production characteristics. Simmental cows have some other important traits, for example, a longer productive life. The longevity or productive life is the time period between first calving and culling. The conformation contributes to productive life, reproduction, and milk production.
The aims of this study were to analyze the longevity of Hungarian Simmental dual-purpose cows, to evaluate the effects of the size of the herd, age at first calving, main type traits (frame, musculature, feet and legs, mammary system), and combination of main type traits (frame and musculature, feet and legs and mammary system).
Animal, age at first calving, herd*calving, musculature, the mammary system as well as the combination of mammary system and feet and legs were significant effects on longevity. The highest risk ratio was observed for cows first calved after 31 months. The risk of culling increased with increasing scores of musculature and decreasing scores of the mammary system. The highest risk ratio was estimated in category 11 (lower scores of mammary system with lower scores of feet and legs). In this case, the risk ratio was 36% higher than the reference group.
distribution of brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855); Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Northeast part of the Carpathian Lowland (West Ukraine)
Authors: Szanyi Szabolcs , Ősz Aletta , Szanyi Kálmán , Potish Ludvig , Nagy Antal
Published: May 2022

Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) spread rapidly during the last five years and became common and abundant in Central Europe, especially in the urban environment. In the Carpathian basin, the West Ukrainian Transcarpathia county was the last region where this species has not been found yet. The first specimens of this invasive pest were sampled in Velyka Dobron’ in 2018 and in 2019 it was found in another neighbouring village and cities of Chop, Berehove and Uzhhorod. The data provided here is the first for West Ukraine and the second for the country following the published record from Odessa (SE Ukraine). Although H. halys is still less abundant and occupied mainly urban habitats, it will certainly cause nuisance for peoples and damages for farmers in the near future.
roles of mycotoxins in cereal crops production: A comparative study of Hungary and Tanzania
Authors: Nyandi Muhoja Sylivester , Pepó Péter
Published: May 2022

Although Hungary and Tanzania's climatic, soil, and technological conditions differ significantly in crop production, cereals crop cultivation is of paramount importance; maize crop dominates the cultivated area (Hungary 1 million ha, Tanzania 3 million ha) both from a feed and food point of view. Unfortunately, in both countries, fungal species (Fusaria, Aspergilli, Penicillia, etc.) that produce various mycotoxins on cereals, including maize grains, are a growing concern. The situation is complicated because these fungal species and their toxins can appear not only on cereals but also on other crops. Despite the prevalence of mycotoxins in both countries, studies show higher exposure risks and contamination above tolerable levels for human consumption in Tanzania to Hungary, with Tanzania observing acute aflatoxicosis.
Comparison of crop production in Hungary and Tanzania: climate and land use effects on production trends of selected crops in a 50-year period (1968-2019)
Authors: Nyandi Muhoja Sylivester , Pepó Péter
Published: May 2022

A comparison of selected crop production for Hungary and Tanzania is presented.  The roles of climate, land use and productivities of crops vary significantly in the two countries. Climate impacts the distribution of crops in Tanzania more than in Hungary as Tanzania’s climate is diverse with hot, humid, semi-arid areas, high rainfall lake regions, and temperate highlands. In contrast, the Hungarian climate is temperate and uniform across the country. Land use changes significantly in Tanzania than in Hungary. Tanzania indicates a reduction in forest land and expanding agricultural land associated mainly with the variation in crop productivities and population growth. To maintain sustainable crop production, increasing crop productivity is of paramount focus to meet the requirements of the growing population.
ANXIETY AND E-HEALTH LITERACY LEVELS, AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT AND CARE OF COVID-19 PATIENTS
Authors: Şayık Dilek , Uçan Anıl
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted to determine the level of anxiety and eHealth literacy and related factors among physicians and nurses working in inpatient and intensive care units where COVID-19 patients were cared for during the pandemic. This descriptive study was conducted with 161 physician and nurse working in inpatient and intensive care units. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean scores of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) of physicians and nurses were 2.74±3.57 and 28.72±7.74, respectively. It was found that physicians and nurses who desired psychological support had high anxiety scores but low scores on the eHEALS. Anxiety increased the longer one engaged in viewing/reading information or news about the pandemic. During the pandemic outbreak, it is crucial to regularly inform physicians and nurses about the pandemic through appropriate sources and provide them with the necessary psychological support after determining their level of anxiety.
Virtual Pesantren: Pesantren Sustainability in Facing the Challenges of 4.0 Era
Authors: Rahman Moh. Rifqi , Hanun Asrohah
Published: May 2022

Pesantren is proven to have high resilience and adaptability. This is evidenced by its development which is so dynamic that it can exist to this day. Pesantren has to deal with the challenges of this 4.0 era which is so synonymous with automation due to the birth of technology, digitization, intelligent technology, the speed of information flow, and so on. However, pesantren is still able to adapt until finally, new variants of pesantren appear, such as virtual pesantren. The birth of this virtual pesantren is really clear evidence that pesantren can maintain its sustainability amid this sophisticated era, although on the one hand it must be admitted that virtual pesantren is not fully capable of displaying the character of pesantren as a whole, including in terms of learning. Thus, pesantren continuously tries to adapt themselves to the times and seeks to utilize technology as a tool to support the goals of the pesantren itself. Virtual pesantren is an example of the phenomenon of how pesantren survive and adapt to this 4.0 era.
Developing a Project-Based Learning Model for Slow Learners in Higher Education
Authors: Alhamuddin Alhamuddin  , Abdul Rohman  , Ahmad Fanani
Published: May 2022

This study aims to develop a learning model for slow learner students in Higher Education. Slow learners are students who have low learning achievements under the average, either in one area or in all academic areas. This type of research was research and development using the ADDIE approach (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The developed learning model was project-based learning. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis used two approaches, namely qualitative and quantitative. The results of the study showed that project-based learning due to the activity level had increased compared to before using the PBL model. The result of the coefficient of determination revealed that the value of R square (R2) was 0.064 or 6.4%. This shows that the student activity was able to influence the variation of learning outcomes by 6.4% and the remaining 93.6% was influenced by other variables outside this research model. Thus, it is necessary to have a variety of strategies used by lecturers in delivering lectures, especially in a class where slow learners exist. In addition, attention and assignments also need to be given to slow learners so that they can attend lectures and understand the material presented properly and correctly like other students. For researchers, it is necessary to conduct further studies and research for the development of various learning models that are suitable for the needs of slow learner students.
Segregating the “gifted” in Charlottesville: the founding of Quest, 1976–1986
Authors: Thornton Margaret
Published: May 2022

The implementation of gifted program in the 1970s provided a way for school divisions to circumvent many of the aims of desegregated schooling as called for in Brown v. Board of Education. This study examines the implementation of one such system in a Southern school district that saw schools close rather than integrate in the years preceding the founding of a segregated gifted program known as Quest. Additionally, the study situates the founding of this gifted program in a national social and legal context involving fears of educational stagnation and white flight from public school systems. Using primary and secondary sources, this study highlights the attitudes of national policymakers at work in the 1974 reauthorization of ESEA, which significantly limited school divisions abilities to integrate while also providing funds for gifted classrooms that segregated ‘exceptional’ children using racially and socioeconomically biased measures.
الذكاء الضمني لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية
Authors: Mr. Dr. Bushra Hussein Ali
Published: May 2022

أستهدف البحث الحالي :

قياس الذكاء الضمني لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية .

وتعرف دلالة الفروق الأحصائية في الذكاء الضمني لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية تبعا لمتغيرالنوع ( ذكور-أناث) ومتغير التخصص ( علمي – أدبي ) .

  وقد أختيرت عينة البحث من طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية التابعة لمديرية تربية الكرخ الثانية وبالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية حيث بلغت ( 500) طالب وطالبة بواقع (250 )ذكورا و(250 )أناثا وللفرعين العلمي والأدبي .ولتحقيق اهداف البحث قامت الباحثة ببناء مقياس الذكاء الضمني ،وقد استخرجت الصدق والثبات للمقياس ، ثم طبقته على عينة البحث الاساسية البالغة 500 طالب وطالبة وقد عالجت البيانات احصائيا بأستخدام الحقيبة الاحصائية (SPSS) مستعملة معادلة الاختبار التائي لعينة واحدة لتعرف الذكاء الضمني لدى العينة ككل حيث بلغت القيمة التائية المحسوبة (5.866 )وهي أكبر من القيمة التائية الجدولية البالغة (1.96 ) وهذا يعني أن الطلبة لديهم ذكاء ضمني,وقدأستخدمت الباحثة الأختبار التائي لعينتين مستقلتين لتعرف الهدف الثاني وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة أحصائية بين الذكور والاناث ,أذ بلغت القيمة التائية المحسوبة (0.878) وهي أصغر من القيمة التائية الجدولية البالغة (1.96). كما وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية في الذكاء الضمني  تبعا لمتغير التخصص (علمي-أدبي ) أذ بلغت القيمة التائية المحسوبة (0.271 ) وهي أصغر من القيمة التائية الجدولية البالغة (1.96). وفي ضوء النتائج توصلت الباحثة الى عدد من التوصيات والمقترحات .
Novel Cylindrical Screen Studying Grating Experiments
Authors: peng hui
Published: May 2022

The common gratings contain transmission gratings and reflective gratings. Recently it has been shown that a transmission grating produces not only a transmission diffraction pattern but also a reflective diffraction pattern (dual pattern) simultaneously in the same experiment. Namely the transmission grating behaves not only as a transmission grating but also as a reflective grating simultaneously (dual-grating) in the same experiment. To study the orientation-dependence of the dual-patterns of the dual-grating experiments, in this article, we proposed the novel cylindrical screen.The cylindrical screen visually shows the location of each diffraction order in dual-grating experiments, such that the CCD/telescope can be placed at the accurate location to collect data. One of the benefits is that, by using the planar screen, three coordinates are needed to describe either the dual-pattern or the curved/expanded/inclined patterns, while by using the cylindrical screen, only two coordinates are needed to describe either the dual-pattern or the curved/expanded/inclined patterns.
The Role of Shade Trees in Coffee Production Systems: The Case of Yayo District, Ilubabora Zone, Oromiya Region, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Morka Abesh Birhanu , Terefe Derebe
Published: May 2022

Coffee is one of the world’s most important crops given the highest number of people living directly or indirectly from it. Farmers have an excellent local knowledge about different tree species which are either retained or planted on their farms. The main purpose of this study was to investigate coffee growers’ local knowledge on the roles of shade trees in coffee production systems at Yayo District in Ilubabor Zone Southwest part of Ethiopia. A total of 120 (20 key informants and 100 households) participated in interview. Data were collected by using semi structured interview and field observation. The data were analyzed by preference ranking, direct matrix and using descriptive statistics. A total of 20 most commonly used coffee shade tree species belonging to 16 genera and 7 families were identified in the study area. Fabaceae was the most species rich plant family followed by Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae .The coffee farmers in the study area are mentioned benefits of the shade trees such as for improvement of soil fertility and moisture, to protect from unsuitable environmental stress, for longer life span of coffee plants, reducing erosion, increase coffee yields and quality, and reduce weed and grasses. Among shade tree species best compatible with coffee plant such as Albizia gummifera, Acacia abyssinica, Albizia schimmperia, Millitia ferruginea, Albizia grandibracteata ,Cordian africana and least were Corton macrostachyus were highly favored in that order. However, farmers considered as preferred coffee shade trees species by characteristics were mainly based on tree height, fast decomposition rate, small deciduous compound leaves, and umbrella crown shape and root depth. Coffee farmers of the study area managed their owned shade tree species through pruning, mulching and composting, thinning, weeding and hoeing and debarking and intercropping operations. To agreement endorsement of the extension of coﬀee shade agroforestry knowledge, the rural households must participate in pieces of training to improve their productivity and maximize the beneﬁts of coﬀee shade in coffee production system.
Management by Objective and Organizational Productivity: A Literature Review
Authors: Ogochukwu Oshogbunu Esther , Amah, Amah , Edwinah Edwinah , Okocha Okocha , Friday Belemenanya
Published: May 2022

The main aim of this study is to examine Management by Objectives as an instrument for improving organizational productivity. Management by objectives is a prominent management technique that cuts across or pervades all human activities, including business, education, government, health care, and non-profit organizations. It is not merely a managerial strategy for achieving well-coordinated managerial goals. Unfortunately, many firms have yet to use this strategy for gaining employee engagement and support. Subsequently, the objective of this research is to look into the connection between objective management and organizational production. More specifically, this paper intends to understand and describe the idea of management by objective (participation, goal setting and performance appraisal) and how it affects organizational productivity vis-à-vis market share and profitability. This study was conducted using the qualitative approach framework which include the review of related literatures in regards to the topic using journals, textbooks and other related document. From the discussion of findings, it was concluded that for any organizations to be productive and achieve sustained success, it must continuously encourage management by objective since it is very essential in attaining and sustaining organizational productivity. We recommended among others that managers should involve employees in setting and identifying short and long-term departmental goals.
Phytochemical Screening and Learning and Memory Activity of Cucurbita pepo against Ethanol Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rodents by Using 8-ARM Radial Maze [8-ARM]
Authors: Lakshmi Kakunuri , Sowmya Adapa , Lakshmi Bathina Vara , Lakshmi Tejavathu Vijaya , Madhuri Bhukya Ratna , Sandhyarani Peddarapu , Supriya Puranam , Anusha Pilli , Sabeeha Shaik
Published: May 2022

The present study was undertaken to investigate the learning and memory enhancing activity of Cucurbita pepo seed extract in rats by using the ethanol induced cognitive impairment and its effects were examined by using 8-radial arm maze (8-RAM) test. For radial arm maze test all groups showed significantly (P value is< 0.0001& < 0.001) decreased in the time taken to reach the paired arm and number of entries in baited arm and non-baited arm as compared to ethanol inducing group. Therefore seed extracts of Cucurbita pepo exhibited significantly learning and memory activity in Alzheimer’s disease.
In-patient Service Management of Road Traffic Accident Patients in a Specialized Hospital
Authors: Chowdhury Dr. Zobaid Mohammad Rahat , Tabassum Dr. Tahsin Tasneen , Hoque, Dr. Kazi Azmiri , Hossain Dr. Nur-A- Safrina , Hossain Dr. S. M. Shakhawat
Published: May 2022

Background: Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) is a major threat to life in our country which are increasing exponentially day by day all over the world. The major consequences of road traffic accidents are associated with multiple traumatic injuries and are the leading cause of death both in developed and developing countries. The death rate would be reduced with a properly organized system of trauma care. Prompt, effective, and efficient healthcare services save a significant amount of lives and also reduce the suffering and duration of illness. RTA patients require immediate attention and treatment as well as long-term comprehensive healthcare under the direct supervision of a medical team. The study aimed to assess the In-patient service management for Road Traffic Accident patients in a specialized hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 respondents (74.20% male, mean age = 24.6 ± 1.62 years) In-patient department of the National Institute of traumatology and orthopedic rehabilitation Centre (NITOR) in Bangladesh through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from February 2019 to February 2020 via face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The relationship between the residence of the respondents and the satisfaction level of IPD service was significantly found. (P = 0.002). The relationship between the level of education and satisfaction regarding IPD service was also significantly found (P = 0.026). Conclusions: Skilled manpower should be increased and out of pocket expenditure should be reduced for the provision of better treatment care. All facilities-related services should be enriched, modernized, and ensure the availability of these services.
Contribution of Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) in Biliopancreatic Pathology: Experience of the Hepato Gastroenterology Moroccan Department
Authors: Elkoti I. , Elfaquir N. , Belabaas F. Z. , Laroussi R. , Charouaqui Y. , Rahmouni I. , Seddik H. , Albouzidi A. , Rouibaa F.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a method of exploration in gastroenterology, it combines ultrasound and endoscopy for the examination of the digestive tract and nearby structures. It is an ultrasound technique that allows the use of high-definition ultrasound transducers. Materials and methods: It is a descriptive retrospective study covering a period of 34 months, from 01/2019 to 10/2021. It concerned 100 patients who had endoscopic ultrasound for biliopancreatic pathology, in the and the university hospital Sheikh Khalifa. We noted the demographic, clinical and morphological data, such as transcutaneous ultrasound, abdominal CT scan and MRI as well as the EUS. The results of the EUS were compared with the imaging and histology data when performed. We were therefore able to evaluate the reliability of each examination and thus its strong and weak points. Results: The average age of our patients was 58 years, with a sex ratio: 1.05. The symptomatology was dominated by abdominal pain and jaundice, the biology by cytolysis and biological cholestasis syndrome. We noted a predominance of tumor pathology with 42% followed by inflammatory pathology: acute pancreatitis as part of the etiological assessment. The reliability of EUS in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is 88% with a reliability of abdominal CT of 68%. Our study also allowed us to evaluate with precision the reliability of detection of lymph node and vascular invasion of biliopancreatic cancers, which was 88%. We also noted other pathologies for which EUS was a good diagnostic tool, main bile duct stones but also cystic lesions of the pancreas. Conclusion: In view of the comparative study of these results with the other types of explorations, of which the EUS, proved to be more effective in the exploration of the pancreatic region especially in for the assessment of tumor extension and diagnosis of choledocholithiasis and characterization of cystic lesions. The EUS has a therapeutic interest ....
A Case of Gastric Aberrant Pancreas
Authors: Elkoti I. , Laroussi R. , Berreda R. , Benhamdane A. , Mohamed O. , Addajou T. , Mrabti S. , Sentissi S. , Rouibaa F. , Benkirane A. , Seddik H.
Published: May 2022

Aberrant pancreas is defined as pancreatic tissue that has neither anatomic nor vascular continuity with the normally located pancreas [2]. Aberrant pancreas is frequently asymptomatic but may cause intussusception or complications from inflammation. In this work, we will present a case of a patient who presents epigastralgia and upper endoscopy has objectified an aberrant pancreas. The patient underwent surgery which confirmed the diagnosis.
Viral Hepatitis B and Chemotherapy
Authors: Elkoti I. , Laroussi R. , Berreda R. , Benhamdane A. , Mohammed O. , Addajou T. , Mrabti S. , Sentissi S. , Rouibaa F. , Benkirane A. , Seddik H.
Published: May 2022

Patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy are at risk of viral reactivation, which can have serious or even fatal consequences [1]. Patients treated with chemotherapy for haematological disease have a known risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation with an estimated incidence of 14-72% [2]. The majority of chemotherapy drugs can induce HBV reactivation in patients with HBs-positive antigen [3]. HBs testing should therefore be recommended prior to chemotherapy. Preventive antiviral treatment will reduce the risk of HBV reactivation.
Acquired Aortic Arch Anomalies and Right Radial Approach: Practical Solution
Authors: Zbitou A. , Zerhoudi R. , Bouzerda A. , Khatouri A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Morphological abnormalities of the arch and its branches can also be acquired with the aging of the population and cardiovascular risk factors. These arteries become deformed, dilated, and curved, making coronary exploration by the right radial approach very delicate. Objective of the study: To propose a new strategy for the approach of the right radial consisting of the use of a long, hydrophilic-coated armed introducer instead of the usual 7 cm introducers, which will allow us to compensate for the change of approach. We hope to reduce the time of scopy, the complications and the quantity of contrast medium used, through a retrospective descriptive study including 08 patients. Result: The mean age in the group was 77 years with a male/female sex ratio of 7. - The clearly predominant cardiovascular risk factor apart from age was hypertension in all groups: 62%. Eight patients with sinuosity and long armed introducer: seven with 6 Fr and 90 cm long, one with a long introducer of 100 cm and 4 Fr. The use of a long-armored introducer made it possible to perform coronary angiography in 8 patients with extreme sinuosity and coronary dilatation for the needy without any complications. The average scanning time is eight minutes for a coronary angiography. Without increasing the amount of contrast medium. In addition to the success of the coronary angiography, a control of the left mammary bypasses in two patients with tortuosities of the right subclavian and a very tortuous path could be carried out. No per-procedural complications were reported. These path anomalies were overcome with excellent support and ease through the use of the long-armed introducer. Discussion and conclusion: Anomalies of the aortic arch make coronary angiography via the right radial approach a difficult procedure. The use of a long armored hydrophilic coated introducer via the right radial approach is possible, effective and safe. It is a promising technique that is .............