bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Central banks, economic statecraft and offshore banking: Comparing financial internationalization strategies in Latvia and Estonia
Authors: Eihmanis Edgars
Published: October 2024

Small states play a critical role in the operation of the Global Wealth Chains, storing capital assets and funnelling financial flows. However, the knowledge of how such practices of financial transit emerge remains scant. Focussing on the 1990s as the formative decade of post-Soviet capitalism, the article focuses on the variegated financial internationalization in the Baltics, as Latvia developed a vibrant offshore banking sector, whereas Estonia pursued complete Westernization in bank ownership. Challenging the literature that relates the emergence of Baltic offshore finance with right-wing politics, and existing trade and cultural links with Russia, the article argues that the varieties of financial internationalization in the Baltics were due to ‘economic statecraft’ by the Central Banks (CBs). Drawing upon a survey of CB reports, parliamentary speeches, press archives, memoirs, and elite interviews, the article argues that the Baltic CBs’ path-setting decisions shaped the two distinct financial internationalization paths through three interventions: currency reforms, agenda setting, and banking regulation. Drawing on the literature on social embeddedness of CBs, the article attributes the differences in the two CB approaches to their informal alliances with broader society – domestic financiers in Latvia and the government in Estonia.
A Bibliometric Analysis of 100 Top-cited Articles on Cleft Orthodontics
Authors: Negi Anurag , Katyal Sakshi , Yadav Vijay , Vallala Pranitha
Published: October 2024

Objective

This bibliometric study seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the 100 most frequently cited articles in the domain of cleft orthodontics. The analysis will reveal key influential publications, collaborative author networks, and identify prevailing research themes within the field.

Method

The studies related to Orthodontics in the realm of cleft lip and palate (CLP) were retrieved from the Scopus database on 30th August 2024 using key terms. The results obtained were sorted in descending order of citations and the 100 top-cited articles were hand-filtered. RStudio software version 4.2.0 and Bibliometrix R-package was used for performing scientometrics involving co-citation, co-occurrence, collaboration and co-word analyses, bibliographic coupling and network mapping.

Results

A total of n = 3984 articles were retrieved from which top-100 cited articles were filtered. These documents were published during 1950-2019 with peak production in 1997. The United States and the Netherlands were the most prolific countries involved in the given research. The majority of the highly referenced articles pertained to alveolar bone grafting, and treatment outcomes being the second common focus followed by Infant and early orthopedics (Naso-alveolar moulding, Maxillary Protraction) and facial growth during the given period.

Conclusions

Thematic mapping depicted bone grafting, alveoloplasty (infant orthopedics) and maxillofacial development as the more developed core topics than the psychology and self-perception of patients with CLP. Recent research trends have shifted towards three-dimensional assessment methods.
Worth the Pain? Comparing Pain Scores in Primary Furlow Palatoplasty With and Without Buccal Flap Augmentation
Authors: Mentz James A. , Nye Jessica R. , Johnson Madysen , Swiekatowski Kylie , Obinero Chioma G. , Lignieres Austin , Sobol Danielle L. , Greives Matthew R.
Published: October 2024

Objective

Pain following primary palatoplasty can adversely affect nutritional and quality of life following primary palatoplasty. The incorporation of buccal flaps during primary cleft palate (CP) repair provides additional tissue to reduce the risk of velopharyngeal insufficiency, though the additional donor site may alter pain levels in the postoperative period. This study sought to compare postoperative pain levels in patients undergoing primary CP repair with or without buccal flaps.

Design

A single-institution, retrospective cohort study.

Setting

An academic children's hospital with an affiliated comprehensive cleft care team.

Patients

Patients age 18 months or less with cleft palate undergoing primary palatoplasty from 2016 to 2021 were included. Patients were stratified by the number of buccal flaps utilized during repair.

Main Outcome Measures

Primary outcome was 24-h postoperative pain score, measured using the FLACC pain scale. Secondary outcome was 24-h postoperative narcotic use, measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME).

Results

A total of 106 patients (53 without buccal flaps, 53 with 1 + buccal flaps) were included. There was no significant difference in postoperative pain scores between the groups ( p > 0.9). Both groups had similar postoperative narcotic utilization ( p = 0.8).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates no significant difference in postoperative pain levels or narcotic utilization between patients undergoing primary Furlow palatoplasty with or without buccal flaps. This information can help address parental concerns regarding pain in the context of a larger donor site for patients undergoing primary palatoplasty with buccal flaps. Larger, multi-institutional randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.
B-Cell Maturation Antigen-Directed Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Peery Matthew R. , Hill Hailey , Sharps Amanda , Zaver Aarti , Moore Donald C.
Published: October 2024

Objective:

To review the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, dosing and administration, and relevance to patient care and clinical practice of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) directed immunotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy and bispecific antibodies (BsAb), for the management of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).

Data Sources:

A literature review of PubMed (1966 to July 2024) was conducted using the keywords idecabtagene vicleucel, ciltacabtagene autoleucel, teclistamab, elranatamab, and multiple myeloma. Data was also obtained from unpublished meeting abstracts and prescribing information.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All relevant published articles, unpublished abstracts, and prescribing information on anti-BCMA immunotherapies for the treatment of RRMM were reviewed.

Data Synthesis:

Idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel are BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapies that have been compared to standard of care (SOC) regimens for MM in early relapse in the phase III trials KarMMa-3 and CARTITUDE-4, respectively. Both studies demonstrated a significantly improved in response rates, depth of response, and progression-free survival compared to SOC. BsAbs teclistamab and elranatamab have been evaluated in the phase II trials MajesTEC-1 and MagnetisMM-3, respectively. Overall response rates of 63 and 61% were observed with teclistamab and elranatamab, respectively, in a population of patients with heavily pretreated RRMM.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison with Existing Drugs:

BCMA-directed immunotherapies have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of RRMM. Safety issues with BCMA-directed immunotherapies include cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, infections, and cytopenias. Operational challenges and issues with access to care exist with these therapies as they may be limited to institutions with the infrastructure to safely administer and monitor patients for toxicities.

Conclusion:

BCMA-directed immunotherapies represent an important advancement in the management of RRMM and have significantly added to the available treatment options for this disease.
Construction and Validation of an Assistant Decision-Making Model for Platelet Transfusion Refractoriness in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ma Ruixue , Ma Yunju , Cui Qingya , Wu Depei , Tang Xiaowen
Published: October 2024

Background: Platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) is a complication of multiple transfusions in patients with hematological malignancies. PTR may induce a series of adverse events, such as delaying the treatment of the primary disease and life-threatening bleeding. Early prediction of PTR holds promise in facilitating prompt adjustments to treatment strategies by clinicians. Methods: We collected the clinical data of 250 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Subsequently, the patients were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic-regression methods were used to select characteristic variables. Assessment of the model was conducted through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Out of 250 patients with AML, 95 individuals (38.0%) experienced PTR. Among those with positive platelet associated antibodies (PAAs), the incidence of PTR was 66.7% (30/45), while among patients positive for human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-I antibodies, the PTR incidence was 56.5% (48/85). The final predictive model incorporated risk factors such as KIT mutations, splenomegaly, the number of HLA-I antibodies, and positive PAAs. A prediction nomogram model was constructed based on these four risk factors. The LASSO-logistic regression model demonstrated excellent discrimination, calibration, and clinical decision value. Conclusion: The LASSO-logistic regression model in the study can better predict the risk of PTR. The study includes both PAAs and HLA antibodies, expanding the field of work that has not been involved in the previous prediction model of PTR.
Flatness-based control in successive loops for dual-arm robotic manipulators
Authors: Rigatos Gerasimos , Abbaszadeh Masoud , Farouk Zouari
Published: October 2024

Dual-arm robotic manipulators are used in industry and for assisting humans since they enable dexterous handling of objects and more agile and secure execution of pick-and-place, grasping and lifting, or assembling tasks. In this article, a multi-loop flatness-based controller is proposed for the dynamic model of a dual-arm robot. In the considered application, the dual-arm robotic system has to lift and transfer an object under synchronized motion of its two end-effectors while it has also to compensate for the grasping forces between the two end-effectors and the object. The dynamic model of this robotic system is formulated while it is proven that the state-space description of the robot’s dynamics is differentially flat. The control problem for this robotic system is solved with the use of a flatness-based control approach which is implemented in successive loops. To apply the multi-loop flatness-based control method, the state-space model of the dual-arm robotic manipulator is separated into subsystems, which are connected in cascading loops. Each one of these subsystems can be viewed independently as a differentially flat system and control about it can be performed with inversion of its dynamics as in the case of input–output linearized flat systems. The state variables of the preceding i-th subsystem become virtual control inputs for the subsequent ( i + 1)-th subsystem. In turn, real control inputs are applied to the last subsystem. The whole control method is implemented in successive loops and its global stability properties are also proven through Lyapunov stability analysis. The multi-loop flatness-based control approach is an exact nonlinear control scheme which (i) does not use approximate linearization of the dynamic model of the controlled system and (ii) does not need changes of state variables and complicated state-space model transformations.
The ECP ALPINE project: In situ and post hoc visualization infrastructure and analysis capabilities for exascale
Authors: Ahrens James , Arienti Marco , Ayachit Utkarsh , Bennett Janine , Binyahib Roba , Biswas Ayan , Bremer Peer-Timo , Brugger Eric , Bujack Roxana , Carr Hamish , Chen Jieyang , Childs Hank , Dutta Soumya , Essiari Abdelilah , Geveci Berk , Harrison Cyrus , Hazarika Subhashis , Fulp Megan Hickman , Hristov Petar , Huang Xuan , Insley Joseph , Kawakami Yuya , Keilers Chloe , Kress James , Larsen Matthew , Lipsa Dan , Majumder Meghanto , Marsaglia Nicole , Mateevitsi Victor A , Pascucci Valerio , Patchett John , Patel Saumil , Petruzza Steve , Pugmire David , Rizzi Silvio , Rogers David H , Rübel Oliver , Salinas Jorge , Sane Sudhanshu , Shudler Sergei , Stewart Alexandra , Tsai Karen , Turton Terece L , Usher Will , Wang Zhe , Weber Gunther H , Wetterer-Nelson Corey , Woodring Jonathan , Yenpure Abhishek
Published: October 2024

A significant challenge on an exascale computer is the speed at which we compute results exceeds by many orders of magnitude the speed at which we save these results. Therefore the Exascale Computing Project (ECP) ALPINE project focuses on providing exascale-ready visualization solutions including in situ processing. In situ visualization and analysis runs as the simulation is run, on simulations results are they are generated avoiding the need to save entire simulations to storage for later analysis. The ALPINE project made post hoc visualization tools, ParaView and VisIt, exascale ready and developed in situ algorithms and infrastructures. The suite of ALPINE algorithms developed under ECP includes novel approaches to enable automated data analysis and visualization to focus on the most important aspects of the simulation. Many of the algorithms also provide data reduction benefits to meet the I/O challenges at exascale. ALPINE developed a new lightweight in situ infrastructure, Ascent.
Coevolutionary Analysis of the Pfs47-P47Rec Complex: A Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Ortiz-Morazán Andrés S , Moncada Marcela María , Escobar Denis , Cabrera-Moreno Leonardo A , Fontecha Gustavo
Published: October 2024

Background:

The ability to predict and comprehend molecular interactions offers significant insights into the biological functions of proteins. The interaction between surface protein 47 of Plasmodium falciparum (Pfs47) and receptor of the protein 47 (P47Rec) has attracted increased attention due to their role in parasite evasion of the mosquito immune system and the concept of geographical coevolution between species. The aims of this study were as follows: to apply a bioinformatics approach to investigate the interaction between Pfs47 and P47Rec proteins and to identify the potential binding sites, protein orientations and receptor specificity sites concerning the geographical origins of the vectors and the parasite.

Methods:

Public sequences of the pfs47 and p47rec genes were downloaded and subsequently filtered to predict functional and structural annotations of the Pfs47-P47Rec complex. Phylogenetic analyses of both proteins were carried out. In addition, the p47Rec gene was subjected to sequencing and subsequent analysis in 2 distinct Anopheles species collected in Honduras.

Results:

The examination of motifs reveals a significant degree of conservation in pfs47, suggesting that Pfs47 might have undergone recent evolutionary development and adaptation. Structural models and docking analyses supported the theory of selectivity of Plasmodium falciparum strains towards their vectors in diverse geographical regions. A detailed description of the putative interaction between the Pfs47-P47Rec complex is shown.

Conclusions:

The study identifies coevolutionary patterns between P47Rec and Pfs47 related to the speciation and geographic dispersion of Anopheles species and Plasmodium falciparum, with Pfs47 evolving more recently than P47Rec. This suggests a link between the parasite’s adaptability and existing anopheline species across different regions. P47Rec likely has a cytoplasmic localization due to its lack of membrane attachment elements. However, these findings are based on simulations and require validation through methods like cryo-electron microscopy. A significant limitation is the scarcity of sequences in global databases, which restricts precise interaction modelling. Further research with diverse parasite isolates and anopheline species is recommended to enhance understanding of these proteins’ structure and interaction.
Factors Affecting Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development: The Case of the Philippines
Authors: Xuan Vu Ngoc
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the nexus between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, electricity consumption, fossil fuels, foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP), and renewable energy in the Philippines. This paper also explores the intricate relationships between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, electricity consumption, fossil fuel use, foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP), and renewable energy in the Philippines. Utilizing time-series data from 1990 to 2022 and applying advanced econometric techniques such as vector error correction modeling (VECM) and Granger causality tests, the study reveals the significant impacts of economic growth and energy consumption on CO2 emissions. The findings highlight the crucial role of renewable energy in mitigating environmental degradation. Policy implications are discussed in the context of the Philippines’ commitment to sustainable development and climate change mitigation, emphasizing the need for integrated policies that promote renewable energy and energy efficiency alongside economic growth. We use a comprehensive econometric analysis to understand these variables’ dynamic interactions and causal relationships. The study employs time-series data from 1990 to 2022 and applies advanced econometric techniques, including vector error correction modeling (VECM) and Granger causality tests. The results highlight the significant impact of economic growth and energy consumption on CO2 emissions while also underscoring the critical role of renewable energy in mitigating environmental degradation. Policy implications are discussed considering the Philippines’ commitment to sustainable development and climate change mitigation.
Effect of telemedicine interventions on weight loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moulaei Khadijeh , Moulaei Reza , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz , Bastaminejad Saiyad
Published: October 2024

Background and objective

Obesity and its associated health challenges represent a pressing global concern. Telemedicine interventions offer a promising solution for effective weight loss support. This study examines the impact of telemedicine interventions on weight loss support.

Methods

We conducted a search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, starting from their inception. Both researchers systematically selected articles and extracted data using a designated data collection form. To assess the risk of bias in the included studies, we employed the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger's and Begg's tests. Utilizing the gathered data, we computed the standardized mean differences (Hedges's g) between the treatment and control groups. We estimated heterogeneity variance using the Q test and I2 statistic. The analysis was carried out using Stata 17.0.

Results

Out of a total of 2626 retrieved articles, 30 studies were included in the analysis. Telemedicine interventions can cause weight loss in people (Hedges's g = 0.09, 95% CI: −0.13, 0.39; p-value < 0.001). The type of telemedicine intervention and target population were a significant moderator of the heterogeneity between studies ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study highlights the potential of telemedicine interventions as valuable tools in weight loss programs. Embracing these technologies can enhance the effectiveness of weight management strategies for diverse populations.
The metalinguistic and metarepresentational attitude of early bilingual children: A study on definitional skills
Authors: Artuso Caterina , Lucaci Liliana , Belacchi Carmen
Published: October 2024

Aims and objectives:

Definitional skill is the ability to define words using canonical formats. This skill requires lexical, morpho-syntactic, and pragmatic abilities, as well as metalinguistic attitude. Bilingualism has a crucial role in cognitive development, especially in promoting metareflective competencies. The relationship between bilingualism and definitional skills is a very under investigated topic. The aim of this study is to explore in the same sample of bilingual children how they define words in both languages.

Methodology:

Thirty early bilingual minority language children (age range 7–16 years) were administered a definition task (Co.De.Scale). They were asked to define words both in their native language, Romanian (L1), and their second language, Italian (L2).

Data and analysis:

Data were analyzed via mixed-method effects. Furthermore, we were also interested in studying if there were any differences in the answer proportions per definitional level (from 0 to 6) between Italian and Romanian.

Findings:

The results showed the production of better definitions in L2 compared with L1. The finding is readable in the light of the different settings where the two languages are used: home/family for L1 versus at school/non-family contexts for L2.

Originality:

This is the first study to show the role of both educational school settings and language dominance in promoting development of formal definitional skills. More specifically, it is worth stressing the relevance to study this topic in minority language bilingual children.

Implications:

Given the lower performance of minority language bilingual children in defining in their native language L1, a crucial educational objective could be enhancing the definitional skills in L1, designing ad hoc interventions that boost formal instruction. In turn, this would favor more inclusion and the exploitation of the minority language children, as well as more intercultural integration, thus enhancing language minority cultures.
HealthCheck: A method for evaluating persuasive mobile health applications
Authors: Premanandan Shweta , Ahmad Awais , Cajander Åsa , Pohjolainen Sami , Ågerfalk Pär , Rajanen Mikko , Gemert-Pijnen Lisette van
Published: October 2024

Objectives: This paper introduces HealthCheck, a novel evaluation method for persuasive mobile health applications, aiming to fill the critical gap in quick and effective evaluation tools for this domain. Methods: Following Design Science Research, HealthCheck was developed through problem identification, solution design, implementation, evaluation, and iterative refinement. The implementation involved testing with seven experts to assess its applicability and effectiveness. Results: Feedback from the evaluators indicated that while a few heuristics in HealthCheck were considered irrelevant by some, the majority found the heuristics to be both pertinent and beneficial, especially within the caregiving context. This feedback highlights the practical value of HealthCheck and its potential to offer meaningful insights into improving the usability of persuasive eHealth applications. Conclusion: The study shows HealthCheck effectively evaluates persuasive mobile health applications, offering actionable insights to enhance usability. This validates the relevance and robustness of HealthCheck’s heuristics, advancing information systems and human-computer interaction research.
Behind the Numbers: Intersectional Negotiations in Gender-transformative Programmes with Religious Leaders in Southern Africa
Authors: Cazarin Rafael
Published: October 2024

This article examines gender-transformative programmes that seek to engage religious leaders in gender-based violence prevention across southern African countries. It focuses on the ‘gender-transformative’ paradigm implemented by an international South-African NGO, in collaboration with local and global organizations. On the basis of two years of ethnographic fieldwork, the research uncovers local dynamics that challenge the effectiveness of existing strategies, highlighting intersectional negotiations and decolonial narratives framing the transformation of gender roles within religious communities. The article provides evidence that emphasizes the significance of recognizing intersectional power dynamics related to participants’ age, gender, language and religious rank in gender-transformative programmes.
A doubly stochastic point process approach for spatio-temporal dynamics of crime data
Authors: González Jonatan A. , Mateu Jorge , Céspedes Nubia E. , Camacho Erika A. , Cervantes Luis C.
Published: October 2024

Crime, in general, is at the base of crucial issues for many societies living in large cities worldwide. Indeed, crime and neighbourhood disorder may negatively impact the health of urban residents. Thus, the crime rate reduction is at the core of many local policies driven by active plans supported by police action and local authorities.

Considering crime reports as a spatio-temporal point pattern, we propose spatio-temporal log-Gaussian Cox processes as a modelling framework for crimes in space and time. We model the spatial and temporal variation through generalized parametric additive and linear models, and a Gaussian space-time process approximates the residual variation. The inference is performed via Markov chain Monte Carlo through MALA algorithms. We provide short-term forecasts of future crimes and suggest a surveillance system that operates by reporting predictive probabilities.

Our data come from the reported crimes in the locality of Kennedy (Bogota) over several years and several types of crimes. The police department may use our method to help allocate police resources and design crime prevention strategies and policies, such as surveillance, in specific zonal planning units.
Cross-country comparison analysis of individual and institutional factors of anomie and online offending
Authors: Parti Katalin , Dearden Thomas , Foriest Whytnee , Hawdon James , Räsänen Pekka , Szigeti Akos , Kiss Tibor
Published: October 2024

This article addresses the gap in the literature by empirically assessing a cross-national comparison of institutional anomie theory (IAT) and self-reported cyberoffending. We used survey data from Finland, Hungary, and the United States to examine the relationship between institutional anomie and cybercrime. Each country represents different types of societies, which makes them interesting cases for cross-national comparison. With Hungary representing a conservative welfare regime, Finland a social democratic welfare regime, and the United States a liberal welfare regime, we predict that the more political regimes intervene in economic relations and support non-economic institutions, the less applicable IAT's variables will be in predicting cybercrime perpetration. In line with these predictions, binomial regression models suggest that IAT works best in the United States, where individualism, achievement, and fetishism of money increased the indices of cybercrime offending. IAT variables were less useful in predicting cybercrime offending in the other nations. Yet, also in line with our prediction, family has a strong external control function in Finland, protecting participants from cybercrime offending. However, no IAT indexes achieved statistical significance in Hungary, where a work-based welfare system suppresses family-related values. Education has a mixed effect on cybercrime offending. Thus, IAT is valuable for understanding cybercrime offending; however, it should be examined in more countries with social institutions and individual value systems different from that of the United States.
Age-Dependent Effects of Homocysteine on Erectile Dysfunction Risk Among U.S. Males: A NHANES Analysis
Authors: Diao Xuewen , Zhang Chenming , Wang Zulong
Published: October 2024

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common problem that seriously impacts men’s quality of life and mental health. Earlier studies have indicated that homocysteine (HCY) levels might be linked to the risk of ED, although these studies are limited by small sample sizes and insufficient correction for confounding factors. This study uses data from the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to evaluate the relationship between HCY levels and ED risk in U.S. adult males. The analysis involved using a weighted generalized linear model to assess main effects and restricted cubic splines (RCS) to explore nonlinear relationships. Results showed that the association between HCY and ED was not statistically significant after adjusting for covariates. However, interaction analyses between age and the HCY-ED relationship showed that as age increases, the impact of HCY on ED strengthens. Based on this, subgroup analysis by age was carried out, revealing that in people aged 50 and above, HCY levels were significantly positively correlated with ED, especially when HCY levels exceeded 9.22 μmol/L, significantly increasing the risk of ED. Sensitivity analysis further confirmed the robustness of these findings. This study indicates that controlling HCY levels, especially in middle-aged and older men, might help prevent and treat ED, providing a foundation for future preventive strategies.
Multipoint Variable parameter compliant control of redundant manipulator based on the equivalent twin model of flexible contact dynamics
Authors: Xiong Genliang , Ye Lan , Zhang Xiaoqing , Gao Yanfeng , Hua Zhang , Dapeng Yang , Yu Chao , Tang Qirong
Published: October 2024

To elucidate the dynamic coupling mechanism involved in multipoint/arbitrary point contact during human–robot interactions with redundant manipulators, we introduce a compliant control strategy that adapts to variable parameters. This strategy is based on the flexible contact dynamic equivalent twin system for human–robot interactions. Using the Virtual Elastic Element Representation model for arbitrary point contact dynamics and leveraging the skeleton principle for contact force conversion, we construct a flexible contact dynamic equivalent twin system tailored for redundant manipulators with multipoint/arbitrary point contact capabilities. Within this system, we implement real-time adjustments to the impedance stiffness coefficient in conjunction with the virtual end velocity of the manipulator. We optimize the joint angular velocity of the manipulator while considering the motion allocation of redundant degrees of freedom. This optimization enables multipoint contact variable parameter compliance control for safe human–robot interactions. To validate our approach, we analyze the multipoint contact dynamic model of the redundant manipulator's interaction with humans and assess the feasibility of the variable parameter compliance control method using robot operating system simulations. Ultimately, we verify the effectiveness and practicality of our proposed compliance control method through simulation and experimental results.
Structure optimization and contact law study for transmission linkage of manipulator grasping fragile parts
Authors: Wang Liangwen , Zhang Zhichong , Wang Ruolan , Si Liang , Wang Caidong , Ding Shixing , Yang Tianyi , Du Wenliao
Published: October 2024

According to the grasping requirements for fragile workpieces with cylindrical inner walls, a manipulator with internal bracing has been designed. The manipulator utilizes a constant-speed push cylinder to drive the linkage mechanism and accomplish the related works. Considering the fragile nature of the workpieces, reducing the impact velocity between the manipulator finger and the workpiece is a primary objective in the mechanism design. To achieve this, an optimization design is carried out, which maintains the overall average speed of the manipulator, while reducing the average speed only during the contact between the finger and the workpiece. The goal of optimization is to minimize the impact velocity at the contact point, using the linkage structure parameters as variables. The genetic algorithm (GA) is employed for the optimization process. The results show that optimization reduces the impact velocity at the contact point by 44.80%. To gain further insight into the influence of the process, a finite element model of a finger grasping a fragile object was created using joint modeling with the SolidWorks, Hyper Mesh, and LS-DYNA software. Simulations reveal that, after optimization, the maximum internal stress of three workpieces with thicknesses of 2.00 mm, 1.00 mm, and 0.50 mm was reduced by 47.42%, 41.53%, and 44.20%, respectively. To study the general law of the mechanical hand grasping fragile workpieces, the relationship between the cylinder driving speed and the impact speed is established. Based on the simulation results of maximum contact impact velocity, workpiece wall thickness, and maximum contact force, a prediction model of workpiece internal force is established using the Kriging prediction model theory. Additionally, the feasible range of grasping parameters under different wall thickness conditions is determined and discussed. The reliability of the designed structure is experimentally verified, providing valuable insights for ensuring the lifting work reliability of manipulators handling fragile workpieces.
Effect of stratification on the combustion behavior and dynamic response of a bluff-body stabilized ammonia–hydrogen flames with radial staging
Authors: Sampath Ramgopal , Moeck Jonas P
Published: October 2024

The present study deals with the flames of ammonia–hydrogen blends that form a prospective fuel for power generation in practical devices. In particular, the spatial flame dynamics of the bluff body stabilized laminar and stratified ammonia–air/hydrogen–air mixtures with acoustic excitation are considered. For this, we consider a radially staged burner consisting of two concentric tubes namely, the inner and outer tubes with the bluff body housed by the former. Two annulus passages are formed between (i) the inner and outer tube, and (ii) the inner tube and bluff body in which premixed hydrogen–air and ammonia–air mixtures are supplied, respectively. The stratification is controlled by varying the upstream location of the inner tube about the burner exit, termed mixing length taking the values namely, 20 mm (stratified), 60 mm, and 100 mm (unstratified). Time-resolved images of the flames are obtained using OH* (320 ± 10 nm) and NH2* (632 nm ± 10 nm) filters. For the unforced stratified flames, the flames are narrower and the spatial separation between OH* and NH2* region increases towards rich NH3/air mixtures ( ϕNH3–air) compared to the unstratified flames. In addition, the mean spatial OH* is relatively localized for the unforced stratified flames. For any operating condition of the flames, the forced flame response is significant for frequencies < 120 Hz. The rich stratified flame exhibits a higher response at a frequency of ∼ 40 Hz compared to the unstratified flame having a flatter response. The forced flames accompany lobed spatial patterns in OH* and NH2* for richer ϕNH3–air. The flame oscillation registers a non-sinusoidal oscillation for the rich stratified flame compared to flames of any other condition. The main effect of stratification is the alteration of flame shape resulting in a low-frequency response for which regions of significant flame flapping coincide with regions of peak flame OH*.
Treatment response assessment in mCRPC: is PSMA-PET/CT going to take the lead?
Authors: Di Franco Martina , Mei Riccardo , Garcia Camilo , Fanti Stefano
Published: October 2024

The assessment of response to therapy in prostate cancer (PCa) patients is an ongoing, open issue. Prostate-specific antigen has limitations, especially in advanced metastatic PCa, which often displays intratumor variability in terms of response to therapy. Conventional imaging (i.e. computerized tomography and bone scan) is of limited use for its low sensitivity and specificity. Positron-emission tomography (PET) with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity, and novel PSMA-based criteria have been recently proposed for treatment response, with promising results in different scenarios, from chemotherapy to radioligand therapy. PSMA-based criteria have been found to outperform the current RECIST 1.1 and Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 frameworks in describing the behavior of PCa, precisely assessing tumor phenotypes through molecular-imaging-derived parameters. This review critically explores the current evidence about the role of PSMA PET/computed tomography in the assessment of treatment response.
Discordance Between Clinician and Person-With-Diabetes Perceptions Regarding Technology Barriers and Benefits
Authors: Addala Ananta , Howard Kelsey R. , Hosseinipour Yasaman , Ekhlaspour Laya
Published: October 2024

The quality of clinician-patient relationship is integral to patient health and well-being. This article is a narrative review of published literature on concordance between clinician and patient perspectives on barriers to diabetes technology use. The goals of this manuscript were to review published literature on concordance and to provide practical recommendations for clinicians and researchers. In this review, we discuss the qualitative and quantitative methods that can be applied to measure clinician and patient concordance. There is variability in how concordance is defined, with some studies using questionnaires related to working alliance, while others use a dichotomous variable. We also explore the impact of concordance and discordance on diabetes care, barriers to technology adoption, and disparities in technology use. Published literature has emphasized that physicians may not be aware of their patients’ perspectives and values. Discordance between clinicians and patients can be a barrier to diabetes management and technology use. Future directions for research in diabetes technology including strategies for recruiting and retaining representative samples, are discussed. Recommendations are given for clinical care, including shared decision-making frameworks, establishing social support groups optimizing clinician-patient communication, and using patient-reported outcomes to measure patient perspectives on outcomes of interest.
Explainable Machine-Learning Models to Predict Weekly Risk of Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, and Glycemic Variability in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Based on Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Cichosz Simon Lebech , Olesen Søren Schou , Jensen Morten Hasselstrøm
Published: October 2024

Background and Objective:

The aim of this study was to develop and validate explainable prediction models based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and baseline data to identify a week-to-week risk of CGM key metrics (hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, glycemic variability). By having a weekly prediction of CGM key metrics, it is possible for the patient or health care personnel to take immediate preemptive action.

Methods:

We analyzed, trained, and internally tested three prediction models (Logistic regression, XGBoost, and TabNet) using CGM data from 187 type 1 diabetes patients with long-term CGM monitoring. A binary classification approach combined with feature engineering deployed on the CGM signals was used to predict hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability based on consensus targets (time above range ≥5%, time below range ≥4%, coefficient of variation ≥36%). The models were validated in two independent cohorts with a total of 223 additional patients of varying ages.

Results:

A total of 46 593 weeks of CGM data were included in the analysis. For the best model (XGBoost), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) was 0.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89-0.91], 0.89 [95% CI = 0.88-0.9], and 0.8 [95% CI = 0.79-0.81] for predicting hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glycemic variability in the interval validation, respectively. The validation test showed good generalizability of the models with ROC-AUC of 0.88 to 0.95, 0.84 to 0.89, and 0.80 to 0.82 for predicting the glycemic outcomes.

Conclusion:

Prediction models based on real-world CGM data can be used to predict the risk of unstable glycemic control in the forthcoming week. The models showed good performance in both internal and external validation cohorts.
Effects and Mechanisms of Andrographolide for COVID-19: A Network Pharmacology-Based and Experimentally Validated Study
Authors: Zhang Jingyi , Lu Hongmei , Ruan Yongdui , Huang Shiyi , Deng Siying , Wang Yinuo , Li Qing , Zhao Zuguo , Feng Long , Guo Wentao
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of andrographolide against COVID-19 through a network pharmacology approach and experimental validation. Methods: Network pharmacology approaches were employed to elucidate potential targets of andrographolide, investigating their overlap with proteins implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The identified targets underwent further analysis through protein-protein interaction (PPI) mapping, gene ontology (GO) categorization, and pathway enrichment within the framework of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Subsequent molecular docking studies provided insights into the binding dynamics between andrographolide and the relevant protein targets. To validate these findings, a series of experimental procedures were conducted, including cytotoxicity assays, quantitative PCR analyses, and the deployment of a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus system, using BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells as a model. Results: Bioinformatics analysis revealed that andrographolide potentially modulates proinflammatory cytokines, JAK-STAT signaling, and antiviral immunity pathways in COVID-19. Molecular docking showed favorable binding interactions between andrographolide and its putative targets. In vitro studies confirmed that andrographolide suppressed the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and STAT3 and inhibited pseudovirus entry and infection at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Conclusion: The findings suggest that andrographolide could be a promising candidate for the treatment of COVID-19 due to its capacity to both inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and modulate harmful inflammation. Our findings highlight the potential therapeutic value of andrographolide in treating COVID-19, warranting further exploration in clinical trials.
Emergency Action Planning in United States High Schools
Authors: Hedberg Riley Michael , Ayres Jack Michael , Messamore William , Baker Jordan P. , Tarakemeh Armin , Burkholder Richard , Salazar Luis , Vopat Bryan George , Darche Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2024

Background:

Rates of emergency action plan (EAP) implementation and compliance with EAP guidelines vary in United States secondary schools. There are limited data on emergency preparedness in schools without athletic trainers (ATs).

Hypothesis:

Rural and high poverty schools have poor emergency preparedness for high school athletic events due to financial barriers and lack of ATs.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 5.

Methods:

A web-based questionnaire was emailed by each State High School Athletics Association to ATs, athletic directors, and coaches of recipient schools to assess emergency preparedness.

Results:

A total of 686 responses were received (response rate ~3.5%). Schools with an AT on staff were more likely to have an EAP ( P < 0.01). Schools with a higher enrollment were more likely to have an EAP ( P < 0.01), an AT on staff ( P < 0.01), require additional training for coaches ( P < 0.01), and have an automated external defibrillator (AED) onsite for all events ( P < 0.01). Urban (odds ratio [OR], 3.514; 95% CI [2.242, 5.507]; P < 0.01) and suburban (OR, 4.950; 95% CI [3.287, 7.454]; P < 0.01) districts were more likely than rural districts to have an AT on staff. High poverty districts were less likely to have an AED (OR, 0.660; 95% CI [0.452, 0.964]; P = 0.03) or EAP (OR, 0.511; 95% CI [0.306, 0.853]; P < 0.01) at athletic venues.

Conclusion:

Lower enrollment, high poverty, and rural schools are less prepared for athletic emergencies than their higher enrollment, low poverty, and suburban counterparts as these schools are generally less likely to have an AT on staff, AEDs, and EAPs and less likely to provide additional training to coaches and other staff.

Clinical Relevance:

This study assesses athletic emergency preparedness—a critical component of ensuring athlete safety and recovery after injury.
Acute Changes in Hamstring Injury Risk Factors After a Session of High-Volume Maximal Sprinting Speed Efforts in Soccer Players
Authors: Carmona Gerard , Moreno-Simonet Lia , Cosio Pedro Luís , Astrella Andrea , Fernández Daniel , Padullés Xavier , Cadefau Joan Aureli , Padullés Josep Maria , Mendiguchia Jurdan
Published: October 2024

Background:

Maximal sprinting speed (MSS) overexposure is associated with increased risk of injury. This study aimed to describe changes in sprint performance-related factors and hamstring strain injury (HSI) risk factors after a high-volume sprinting session in soccer players.

Hypothesis:

A high-volume sprinting session can induce acute changes in several sprint performance-related factors (sprint time and mechanical properties) and HSI risk factors (posterior chain muscle strength, hamstring range of motion, and dynamic lumbo-pelvic control [LPC], measured as changes in anterior pelvic tilt [APT] during maximal speed sprinting).

Study Design:

Prospective observational case series.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

Fifteen active male amateur soccer players participated. Changes in sprint performance-related factors and HSI risk factors were examined for 72 hours after high-volume MSS efforts (H-VMSSE) using a soccer-contextualized multifactorial approach. Muscle damage proxy markers (hamstring perceived soreness and creatine kinase) were also examined.

Results:

H-VMSSE induced decrements in sprint performance-related factors. Significant reductions in theoretical maximal horizontal velocity ( P < 0.01; effect size [ES], -0.71) and performance ( P = 0.02; ES, -0.59) were observed for 48 and 72 hours after H-VMSSE. Small but significant reductions in posterior chain muscle force-generating capacity were detected for 48 and 72 hours after H-VMSSE for the nondominant ( P < 0.03; ES, -0.60) and dominant ( P < 0.04; ES, -0.40) leg. Finally, players exhibited persistent small, albeit nonsignificant ( P = 0.06; ES, 0.53), decreases in dynamic LPC (APT increases) for 72 hours after H-VMSSE.

Conclusion:

H-VMSSE induced declines in both sprint performance-related factors and HSI risk factors. Sprinting can alter a player’s anatomic structure by increasing APT during the maximum speed phase of the sprint.

Clinical Relevance:

A soccer-contextualized multifactorial approach might allow for the regulation of MSS dosage depending on individual HSI risk factor status, thereby serving as a tailored “vaccine” for sprinting needs.
Contesting “VIP urbanism”
Authors: Lauermann John , Alexander Zoe , Mallak Khouloud
Published: October 2024

We live in an age of extreme and worsening urban inequality. One result is the increased prevalence of “VIP urbanism”—the idea that cities govern land use through two sets of rules, one of them reserved for “very important people”. The first set of rules applies to most urbanites, through de jure laws and standardized bureaucratic policies. However, in many places a second set of practices operates quietly alongside the official rules, as a de facto system of loopholes, easements, exemptions, lobbying, and veto power that enable some actors to shape cities in ways that violate the spirit—and sometimes even the letter—of the law. This special issue presents empirical research and theoretical commentary on the VIP urbanism phenomenon, with cases including Bengaluru, Hong Kong, Milan, New York City, Paris, Valparaiso, and Venice. The authors identify how preferential treatment for elites has impacted urban governance in a diverse geography of cities, and evaluate how these practices have been contested by social movements and other urban stakeholders.