bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
John Stuart Mill, John Rawls y Amartya Sen: los tres nombres de la equidad
Authors: Lopera María Teresa
Published: November 2023

Las reflexiones sobre la equidad de John Rawls, Amartya Sen y aun de John Stuart Mill resumidas en este artículo, muestran las graves carencias de la economía al suponer que todos los agentes tienen una única racionalidad, y que el mercado resuelve automáticamente la inequidad haciendo innecesaria una justicia distributiva, como lo afirmara recientemente Robert Nozick. La exclusión de la ética en las reflexiones actuales de la economía tiene su origen en una lectura incompleta y tendenciosa de autores como Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill o León Walras, para quienes la economía era un discurso moral y no mera técnica para llegar a una asignación eficiente de los bienes sociales y, por lo tanto, hoy es urgente la tarea de vincular nuevamente la economía con la ética basada en el consenso, para atender los reclamos de una justicia distributiva.
Isis desvelada: proyecciones y enfoques filosóficos en torno a la idea de naturaleza
Authors: Gross Mayra Abril
Published: November 2023

Desde la Antigüedad hasta nuestros días, los historiadores de la filosofía han criticado, reformulado y asentido a diversas tesis en torno a las implicaciones que ha tenido la categoría de naturaleza en el pensamiento de los filósofos -y filósofas- antiguos, medievales y modernos. A pesar de las dificultades que implica una investigación históricamente tan extensa, lo que resulta evidente de la categoría de naturaleza es su carácter plurívoco, ya que el concepto, en tanto categoría filosófica, ha sufrido múltiples transformaciones con el paso del tiempo. En el presente trabajo, se intentará echar luz sobre dichas transformaciones en el marco de una perspectiva histórica y filosófica.
Articulación del eje de Formación Profesional y Ciudadana en un modelo de gestión con enfoque de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria
Authors: Saenz Aguiar Amada Yolanda , Carrillo López Perla Lucero , Navarro Téllez María del Carmen , Martínez González Karla Patricia , De Jesús Espinoza Nadia Grisell
Published: November 2023

El trabajo que se presenta tiene el objetivo de caracterizar la articulación del eje de Formación Profesional y Ciudadana en un modelo de gestión con enfoque de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria (RSU) en una institución de educación superior pública estatal mexicana, a partir de un diagnóstico contextualizado derivado de un estudio previo sobre la percepción de la comunidad universitaria, realizado por un equipo multidisciplinario integrado por profesores y estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, con la metodología propuesta por François Vallaeys (2009 y 2020). Se desarrolla una propuesta teórica para articular el eje de Formación Profesional y Ciudadana (FPyC) en un modelo de gestión basado en la RSU para las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) públicas mexicanas. Como estrategias metodológicas se realizó análisis documental, análisis del discurso y contrastación con la teoría.
Comparative Study of Whole-Body Proximate Composition, Dressing Losses and
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Muscle Tissues of Wild and Farm-Raised Labeo
Rohita
Authors: Shahid Imtisal , Bibi Remsha , Hussain Dilawar , Khan Esha , Bibi Sidra , Faheem Muhammad , Gulzar Fatima , Munawar Remsha
Published: November 2023

The muscle tissues of wild and farm-raised rohu were analyzed for proximate
composition (Crude protein, crude fat, ash, and dry matter) and uptake of heavy metals
(Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cr) using the standard protocols. For this purpose, wild fish samples
were collected from the Khanpur Canal, Sheikhupura, and farmed fish samples from a local
fish market in Lahore. The results showed that the concentration (%) of protein
(17.92±0.36), ash (06.54±0.13), and moisture (76.50±1.53), was observed to be higher in
the wild when compared to protein (16.90±0.34), ash (5.07±0.10) and moisture
(73.50±1.47) of farm-raised rohu. In contrast, crude fat contents were observed to be
higher (4.02±0.08) in farm-raised rohu than wild (03.65±0.07). In terms of dressing
losses, wild fish showed higher (26.37%) losses as compared to farm raised (25.83%).
Results showed that in wild and farm fish’s muscles, the trend of the heavy metals was
Pb > Cd > Ni > Cr. The findings demonstrated that in comparison to Cd, Ni, and
Cr, Pb concentration (ppb) was greater in both wild (128.32.82) and farm-raised
(111.42.16) rohu. When compared to wild rohu, farmed rohu showed a higher
bioaccumulation tendency for Cr and Ni, but Cd and Pb showed the reverse pattern. The
findings of this study suggest that fish proximate composition, dressing losses, and
bioaccumulation of heavy metals are certainly impacted by the aquatic life of freshwater
fish like Labeo rohita both in wild and farmed conditions and these results will be
helpful for the aquaculturists as well as the local consumers of the fish.
Poverty in Bangladesh during 2010-2016: Trends, Profile and Drivers
Authors: Hill Ruth , Eugenia Genoni Maria
Published: November 2023

This paper uses the latest round of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey to provide an initial assessment of Bangladesh’s poverty trends from 2010 to 2016/17. The paper documents that Bangladesh has made remarkable gains in reducing poverty. However, with almost 1 in 4 people still living in poverty today, the country needs to make further progress. Economic growth has led to gains in welfare, but even though economic growth has accelerated in recent years, it has delivered less poverty reduction. Consumption has grown at a slower rate and has been less equally shared since 2010 than in the prior decade. Welfare differences between the historically poorer West and the rest of the country have re-emerged, as poverty has increased in the North-western division of Rangpur. The decline in urban poverty has also slowed. Slower agricultural growth, combined with slower job creation in manufacturing, could explain why growth has become less poverty reducing over time in Bangladesh.
Convergence in Regional Poverty Rates in Bangladesh
Authors: Yunus Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in reduction of poverty headcounts, poverty gap, and squared poverty gap since 2000. While scores of studies rigorously looked into drivers of poverty reduction from the perspective of sources, both the cross country and single country literature on poverty convergence is scant. Even most of these convergence estimates are biased arising out of omitted variable due to ignorance of unobserved individual heterogeneity and endogeneity of at least a subset of regressors. This paper exploits a unique set of data to provide credible evidence of convergence in poverty across the districts of Bangladesh during 2000-2016 using the Arellano-Bond system dynamic panel estimator and panel generalized method of moments estimator. We find that poverty convergence is present during this period both through direct estimation and decomposition with relevant indirect estimates. Our results are robust to the alternative frequency of data (cross-section vis-à-vis panel) and the consequent estimation techniques, sources of data (direct estimates from the Household Income and Expenditure Surveys vis-à-vis small area estimates) and the alternative transformation of the dependent variables. Both growth-accounted poverty convergence effect and strong growth effect dominate the adverse effect of initial poverty on growth effectiveness to ensure strong overall poverty convergence found across the districts.
Spatial and Structural Changes in Poverty Reduction in Bangladesh from 2000 to 2016: An Assessment
Authors: Hill Ruth , Endara  Cevallos Jose Joaquin
Published: November 2023

Bangladesh has documented consistent reductions in poverty since 2000 and has also seen considerable transformation in the sector and location of economic activities. This paper exploits variation in sectoral growth and migration across districts and time to examine whether spatial variation in sectoral growth patterns—growth in agriculture, industry, or services—can explain spatial variation in poverty reduction, and what the role of migration was. We control for district fixed effects and instrument growth in agriculture and international migration to explore causal effects. We find that reductions in poverty were largest in places where agricultural output growth was highest and where industrial growth was highest. Poverty reduction was greater in districts which were sending larger numbers of international migrants. The relationship between agricultural growth and poverty reduction holds when instrumenting agricultural growth with rainfall data, and manufacturing growth has a significant impact on poverty reduction when proxied by a Bartik-style instrument, indicating that some of these findings are causal.
Poverty in Urban Bangladesh: Trends, Profiles and Spatial Differences
Authors: Rahman Hossain Zillur , Hill Ruth
Published: November 2023

With rapid urbanisation and concomitant rise in urban poverty, a better understanding of urban poverty and urban income dynamics has become an urgent priority. One in five poor households now live in urban Bangladesh and many more urban households are aspiring to be middle class yet vulnerable to falling back into poverty. Progress in reducing poverty has slowed in urban areas, particularly in larger cities. As a result, there are now more people living in extreme poverty in urban Bangladesh (3.7 million) than in 2010 (3 million). At current rates of urbanisation and poverty reduction, more than half of poor households will live in urban areas by 2030. This paper examines what can be learned about trends and drivers in urban poverty from recent nationally representative surveys. It also analyses additional data sources on the capital city, Dhaka, to shed light on spatial inequality within the city. The paper highlights the need for increased data collection and evidence on urban poverty to inform public policy to address this emerging challenge.
UM PSICANALISTA VISITA A CABANA
Authors: Cotta Denis
Published: November 2023

Este artigo visa apresentar a noção de ressignificação existencial advinda da experiência mística, a partir de uma análise psicanalítica frommiana da obra de ficção A cabana. Segundo o psicanalista Erich Fromm, a experiência mística, pode instaurar no indivíduo profundas mudanças e aprimoramentos em sua personalidade. Essa reorientação existencial pode, inclusive, fornecer ao sujeito uma nova maneira de compreender e de lidar com as contingências da vida, como é o caso da perda e do sofrimento advindo dela. Como recurso metodológico, este estudo irá se utilizar de uma leitura teórico-bibliográfica das seguintes obras A cabana, de autoria de William P. Young; e O espírito de liberdade, Psicanálise e religião e A linguagem esquecida; todas de Erich Fromm. Além destas obras, também recorremos a comentadores do psicanalista supracitado. Por fim, pretende-se mostrar que a experiência mística pode promover no indivíduo um despertar interior, libertando-o assim de um ciclo de sofrimento existencial.
Minerando Dados para Entender os Fatores de Influência da Qualidade Educacional do Maranhão
Authors: Soares Raimundo de Castro , Weber Neto Nelson , Coutinho Luciano Reis , Santos Davi Viana dos , Silva Francisco José da Silva e , Teles Ariel Soares
Published: November 2023

O estado do Maranhão apresenta índices baixos na qualidade da educação básica, conforme pode ser verificado nas avaliações de desempenho nacionais ao longo dos anos. O problema da baixa qualidade educacional pode ser abordado e investigado do ponto de vista de diversas áreas. Uma delas é a utilização de Mineração de Dados Educacionais, que está cada vez mais presente em estudos científicos, e também é utilizada para dar suporte à tomada de decisão por elaboradores de políticas públicas. No entanto, as pesquisas com os dados de uma região geográfica, ou determinada localidade, ainda podem ser escassas, sendo o caso do estado do Maranhão. Essa pesquisa tem o objetivo de entender quais são os fatores que influenciam na qualidade da educação pública do estado do Maranhão. Para isso, foram utilizadas técnicas de mineração de dados, tais como análise exploratória de dados, análise de correlação, análise de fatores, regressão e árvore de decisão. Os dados utilizados são das escolas públicas estaduais de ensino médio do Maranhão. Os resultados desse estudo mostram um diagnóstico da situação educacional do estado, com a identificação do que influencia significativamente no desempenho da educação.
Überfordert mit ›Fördern und Fordern‹? Psychische Erkrankung und das Integrationsziel des SGB II
Authors: Nasri Sara , Schubert Hans-Joachim , Wurtzbacher Jens
Published: November 2023

Eine funktionierende Verwaltung ist eine existentielle Voraussetzung für das Vertrauen des Bürgers in den Staat. Entsprechend kritisch begleitet werden deshalb seit ihrer Gründung nicht zuletzt auch die Jobcenter – doch die haben in den letzten Jahren einen bemerkenswerten Wandel durchlaufen.
Allele Mining and Development of Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) Marker in Plant Breeding
Authors: Sharma Hemant , Kumar Sourabh , Bhadana Deepa
Published: November 2023

Crop improvement refers to the systematic approach of discovering and selecting plants that possess advantageous alleles for specific target genes. The foundation of crop improvement initiatives typically relies on the fundamental concepts of genetic diversity and the genetic architecture of agricultural plants. Allele mining is a contemporary and efficacious technique utilized for the identification of naturally occurring allelic variations within genes that exhibit advantageous characteristics. Consequently, the utilization of allele mining has significant potential as a feasible approach for enhancing crop-related endeavors. The gene pool of a plant exhibits a substantial degree of genetic variety, characterized by the presence of a multitude of mechanism genes. The utilization of genetic variants for the detection and separation of novel alleles of genes that display favorable traits from the current gene pool, and their subsequent incorporation into the development of improved cultivars through the application of marker-assisted selection, is of utmost importance.
Perspective Chapter: The Crisis of Democracy in Mexico – Chronicling the Dismantling of Democratic Institutions
Authors: Gómez Díaz de León Carlos , Andrés Ibarra González Samuel
Published: November 2023

In recent years, Mexico has experienced significant transformations in the structure and functioning of its democratic institutions. After decades of authoritarianism, the twenty-first century illuminated the regime with an incipient democracy that was consolidated little by little. However, this process has been affected by the current regime that threatens the main institutions that support Mexican democracy. For this study, we will use a descriptive-explicative methodology by describing and contextualizing the phenomenon of democratic regression and sociopolitical changes in Mexico, seeking to explain the causal relationships and underlying dynamics between the institutional dismantling created by President AMLO’s regime and Mexico’s democratic decay that affect institutions, their functioning and the balance of powers among other aspects. The fundamental hypothesis is that for several decades, the Mexican political system was building a set of institutions that allowed an important democratic advance and that these institutions have been systematically dismantled since 2018, causing a regression of democracy in Mexico. The main indicator of this evolution is the deterioration of the institutional framework that has been violated and threatened in the last 5 years, according to the main evidence described. Finally, some observations are made to avoid further affecting the democratic advance in Mexico.
Coherent Gene Assemblies: Example, Yeast Cell Division Cycle, CDC
Authors: Sirovich Lawrence
Published: November 2023

A novel approach to the dynamics of gene assemblies is presented. Central concepts are high-value genes; correlated activity; orderly unfolding of gene dynamics; dynamic mode decomposition; DMD unraveling dynamics. This is carried out for the Orlando et al. yeast database. It is shown that the yeast cell division cycle, CDC, only requires a six-dimensional space, formed by three complex temporal modal pairs: (1) a fast clock mother cohort; (2) a slower clock daughter cell cohort; and (3) an unrelated inherent gene expression. A derived set of sixty high-value genes serves as a model for the correlated unfolding of gene activity. Confirmation of this choice comes from an independent database and other considerations. The present analysis leads to a Fourier description, for the very sparsely sampled laboratory data. From this, resolved peak times of gene expression are obtained. This in turn leads to precise times of expression in the unfolding of the CDC genes. The activation of each gene appears as uncoupled dynamics originating in the mother and daughter cohorts, and of different durations. This leads to estimates of the composition of the original laboratory data. A theory-based yeast modeling framework is proposed, and additionally new experiments are suggested.
Unveiling chromosome changes compatible with climate warming
Authors: Vegas Esteban , Serra Lluís , Reverter Ferran , Maria Oller Josep
Published: November 2023

This work illustrates the use of multivariate descriptive statistics methods adapting different dimensional reduction techniques to the analysis of specific data. The particular nature of the data provides an opportunity to illustrate the pedagogical aim of this work. More explicitly, we will analyze and relate two different kinds of information: climate and genetic data and their change over time. We will show that the relation between both types of changes can be attributed to the unveiled genetic changes being compatible with the adaptation of Drosophila subobscura populations to warmer climates. The climate data are the monthly average temperatures of various populations in Europe and America at two different time periods separated by about 25 years. The genetic data include different profiles of Drosophila subobscura chromosomal polymorphisms that, as shown in the scientific literature, are related to the adaptation of the species to different climates. The genetic data have been obtained in the same populations and times as the climate data.
Perspective Chapter: Pharmaceutical Drying
Authors: Kothawade Sachin , Pande Vishal , Wagh Vaibhav , Autade Kalyani , Bole Sandesh , Sumbe Rajashri , Albhar Shubhangi
Published: November 2023

This chapter presents an overview of the perspective chapter on pharmaceutical drying within the context of drug manufacturing. It explores the significance of pharmaceutical drying in ensuring the stability and efficacy of drug products. The chapter begins by defining pharmaceutical drying and emphasizing its importance in the manufacturing process. Various methods of pharmaceutical drying, including air drying, vacuum drying, freeze-drying, and spray drying, are discussed, and a comparison between these methods is provided. Factors that influence pharmaceutical drying, such as physical and chemical properties of the product, drying temperature, drying time, pressure, humidity, and solvent properties, are examined. The chapter also highlights the challenges associated with pharmaceutical drying, including product stability and degradation, loss of potency, residual solvents, and the formation of amorphous or crystalline solids. Strategies to overcome these challenges, such as process optimization, the use of drying aids, control of drying parameters, and formulation considerations, are explored. Quality control measures in pharmaceutical drying, including the monitoring of residual moisture and solvent levels, characterization of dried products, and adherence to regulatory guidelines, are discussed.
Preparation and Characterization of Thin Films by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Rahmani Ehsan
Published: November 2023

The sol-gel method has been widely used to prepare several materials, such as glass fibers, catalysts, electrochemical devices, or thin films. Sol-gel is considered an economical and straightforward method compared to physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), which are more complex and need more facilities. At the same time, almost the same quality has been evaluated for sol-gel thin films. Furthermore, chemical tailoring of raw materials to produce new functional compositions is more feasible than conventional methods such as PVD. Thin films utilizing sol-gel were prepared by dip coating, spin coating, electrochemical coating, and spray coating methods, where these methods can be used for various substrate types. Prepared thin films may be utilized in several areas of application, such as semiconductors, catalysts, or photocatalysts.
Developing Collaborative Skills through STEM Approach
Authors: Faif Pasani Chairil , Amelia Rizky
Published: November 2023

Collaborative learning is a practice that dates back centuries. In Confucius’ classic text, Li Ji, there is a famous saying that one becomes narrow-minded when learning without friends. Therefore, collaborative skills not only allow students to interact with others but also enhance their opportunity to learn, which differs significantly from individual learning. Collaborative problem-solving is crucial in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), which are fraught with complex challenges like climate change, overpopulation, welfare, resource management, health, and biodiversity. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach was used to find, assess, evaluate, and interpret all of the research that was accessible in order to create this book chapter. Preparing the youths with a collaborative mindset is crucial for addressing the issues and difficulties that arise in real life. This review specifically focuses on developing technology-based collaborative skills through STEM approach to reflect the trend of integrating technology into education.
КРОЛЕВЕЦЬКИЙ ПОВІТ ЯК ОСЕРЕДОК ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДЕРЖАВИ ПАВЛА СКОРОПАДСЬКОГО
Authors: Пластун Олег
Published: November 2023

Мета. Автор зробив спробу охарактеризувати процес формування українських військових сил проти більшовиків періоду 1918 р. на прикладі Кролевецького повіту Чернігівської губернії. У центрі уваги постає діяльність збройних сил Української Держави на території Чернігівської губернії, а конкретно – у Кролевецькому повіті, їх розміщення, укомплектування, а також ефективність дій. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на принципах історизму, науковості та системності. Для розкриття окресленої теми використано історико-генетичний та порівняльно-історичний методи.   Наукова новизна. У науковий обіг вводяться малодосліджені документи архівів ЦДАВО України та ДАЧО, листи й телеграми Кролевецької земської управи, а також накази та циркуляри повітового старости до волосних земських управ. Проблематика державотворчих процесів минулого століття вітчизняними та іноземними науковцями переважно акумулювалася на вивченні великих міст. Дослідження локальних проблем та концентрації історичних подій у провінційних містечках та селах є важливою віхою у подальшому розвитку історії України. Окреслена проблематика залишається актуальною, оскільки задає певний вектор у поглибленні краєзнавства ХХ ст. та робить ще один крок у напрямку усвідомлення об’єктивної історії країни. Документальна база дослідження повинна відкрити певну завісу минулого, адже саме ці процеси під час Української революції 1917–1921 рр. є найменш вивченими з позиції місцевої історії.   Висновки. Програма створення військових формувань П. Скоропадського зіштовхнулася з недостатньою організацією у вирішенні проблем, пов’язаних із призовною компанією та мобілізацією суспільства на низовому рівні. Це призвело до малоефективного опору під час листопадового перевороту 1918 р., а потім, після відновлення УНР, хоробрій, але недостатній відсічі новій інтервенції більшовицької Росії. Гетьманська влада в Кролевецькому повіті, з одного боку, була досить далеко від столиці та губернського центру, а з іншого – досить близько для більшовицького наступу. Це й зумовило те, що три полки Сірожупанної дивізії дислокувалися саме в цьому повіті.
Optimal Control of Dynamical Systems using Calculus of Variations
Authors: Ghassan Younis Mona
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the application of calculus of variations techniques for optimizing the control of complex dynamical systems. Determining control strategies that minimize cost metrics and satisfy constraints is critical across engineering disciplines like robotics, aerospace, and process operations. Classical optimal control methods, such as Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, transform an optimal control problem into a calculus of variations framework amenable to analytical and numerical optimization. We present a unified framework for applying these techniques, enabling dynamical systems defined by ordinary and partial differential equations to be optimized by conversion into a nonlinear programming form. Analytical approaches provide theoretical guarantees on control performance while numerical methods, like direct collocation and transcription, enable large-scale optimal control problems to be efficiently solved. The connections between dynamical systems, calculus of variations, and modern numerical optimization methods establish a holistic methodology for control engineers and applied mathematicians to design optimal controllers for physical systems. Case studies on real-time trajectory optimization, adaptive path planning, and dynamic process operations demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed optimal control framework across robotics, aerospace, power systems, and other applications.
SEXUALIDAD EN EL CONSULTORIO PEDIATRICO¿ESTAMOS LOS PEDIATRAS PREPARADOS PARA EL CAMBIO?
Authors: POTEL PAULA INÉS , ROQUÉ MARIA INÉS
Published: November 2023

La falta de trabajo en los temas relacionados con la sexualidad y los cambios que vienen sucediendo socialmente en cuanto a modelos y paradigmas nos llevó a reflexionar sobre cuál es la mirada actual de los y las pediatras sobre los temas relacionados con la sexualidad, el género, la orientación sexual, la identidad de género, la perspectiva de género, los estereotipos de género y la implicancia que esta mirada tiene en el acompañamiento del crecimiento y desarrollo de niñas, niños y adolescentes. Para ello conceptualizamos las diferentes dimensiones y realizamos unas encuestas donde pudimos observar que los pediatras tienen dificultades para diferenciar conceptos como sexo, género, identidad de género y orientación sexual. Concluimos que debemos pensar nuevas modalidades de intervención que promuevan un desarrollo temprano basado más en los derechos de las infancias y no tanto en función de los mandatos de los adultos.
DNA barcodes of bacopa plants found in Thailand
Authors:   , Tungphatthong Chayapol
Published: November 2023

Bacopa monnieri (Family Plantaginaceae) commonly known as ‘Brahmi’ or ‘Prom-mi’ is a medicinal plant used for a remedy of cognitive impairment and intelligence in Ayurvedic Materia Medica and Thai traditional medicine. Bacoside A, the major active constituents, is classified as triterpenoid saponin. In Thailand, there are three Bacopa species including Prom mi [B. monnieri (L.) Wettst.], Lan pailin [B. caroliniana (Walter) B. L. Rob.] and Phak sam lan [B. floribunda (R. Br.) Wettst.]. Since the dried or powdered raw materials are difficult to identify plant species, this study attempted to develop a method for accurate identification of Bacopa spp. found in Thailand by using DNA barcode. Six DNA regions, ITS, matK, rbcL, ycf1, psbA-trnH and trnL-F, were proposed for the study. DNA barcodes of ycf1 and trnL-F coupled with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis were successfully used for species identification. The characteristic of specific melting temperature (Tm) was able to distinguish among the Bacopa species. This is the first study using DNA barcode techniques to differentiate Bacopa spp. and identify the medicinal plant B. monnieri from the related species. Moreover, DNA barcodes are useful asset for standardization and quality control purposes.
Islamic Social Finance as Source of Financing Agricultural Sector in Indonesia
Authors: Nurfalah Irfan , Al-Parisi Salman
Published: November 2023

The shrinking of rice fields causes crop yields to decrease. Apart from that, financing in this sector is not attractive to investors because it is high risk. The minimal financing of agricultural sector credit is the reason for the author to discuss the problems faced in agricultural sector credit. The source of agricultural credit capital is the synergy between agricultural zakat and the government budget for food security and is allocated according to needs. So, sharia banking, the government and Baznas collaborate in raising funds for agricultural credit. This paper takes an example of an agricultural sector financing scheme from Japan which has been successfully implemented. However, Japan's credit financing comes from government funds only. This encourages the author to innovate credit financing in the agricultural sector, especially food diversification commodities, namely the synergy between agricultural zakat and the government budget for food security. Agricultural zakat is centralized by Baznas and then handed over to the Indonesian Agricultural Association (API). API determines the budget allocation of these funds and then submits it to Bank Indonesia (BI). BI hands it back to sharia banking to be credited to farmers with a predetermined allocation and the remaining allocated funds are deposited.
Organization and Outcomes of Four Rounds of Interlaboratory Assessments on Persistent Organic Pollutants
Authors:   United Nations Environment Programme
Published: November 2023

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been shown to adversely impact human health and the environment. Concern over POPs is also attributed to their stability and persistence in the environment, potential to undergo long-range transport, and to accumulate in animals, humans and food chains. Men and women differ in their physiological susceptibility to the effects of exposure to POPs and exposure can be impacted by societal and occupation roles (United Nations Environment Programme [UNEP] 2019). The objective of the Stockholm Convention (SC) on POPs is to protect human health and the environment from POPs with the ultimate goal to eliminate them, where feasible. Accurately measuring and analyzing of the concentrations POPs is an important step towards evaluating the effectiveness of the convention and the potential impacts of POPs in human and the environment. The interlaboratory assessment accompanies the United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP) capacity building programme for laboratories analysing POPs. The programme implements the recommendations of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Stockholm Convention as expressed in the Guidance on the global monitoring plan for POPs (hereinafter referred to as the guidance document) in article 16 of the Convention.
HISTOLOGI USUS IKAN GURAMI (OSPHRONEMUS GOURAMY) YANG DIBERI ARANG AKTIF TULANG IKAN TUNA (THUNNUS SP) PADA PAKAN
Authors: NST Natasya , Nazlia Suraiya , Almuqaramah T.M. Haja
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menentukan pengaruh  penambahan arang aktif tulang ikan tuna terhadap histologi panjang dan lebar vili usus ikan gurami dan menentukan dosis optimal penambahan arang aktif tulang ikan dalam pakan. Bertempat di Laboratorium Terpadu Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Abulyatama Aceh. Pengujian Histologi Usus dilakukan di Laboratorium Central Pet Care Rukoh, Aceh Besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparatif yaitu dengan membandingkan hasil uji histologi panjang dan lebar vili usus ikan gurami  yang diberi arang aktif tulang ikan tuna  dengan dosis yang berbeda yaitu  0% (tanpa penambahan arang aktif), 1% (penambahan arang aktif 1%), 2% (penambahan arang aktif 2%) dan 3% (penambahan arang aktif 3%). Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 60 hari, menggunakan ikan gurami dengan berat 2-2,5 gram dan panjang 5-6 cm sebagai biota uji. Benih ikan gurami dipelihara dalam akuarium yang telah disetting resirkulasi dengan volume air 72 liter, yang ditebar 10 ekor per wadah. Selama penelitian berlangsung ikan diberi pakan secara AdSatiation dengan frekuensi dua  kali sehari. Parameter yang diuji pada penelitian ini yaitu pengamatan histologi usus yang meliputi panjang dan lebar vili. Penambahan arang aktif tulang ikan tuna pada pakan memberikan nilai yang berbeda terhadap gambaran panjang dan lebar vili usus ikan gurami. Penambahan arang aktif tulang ikan tuna pada pakan dengan konsentrasi 2% merupakan hasil yang terbaik dengan nilai panjang dan lebar vili masing-masing 100,31 ?m dan  40,26 µm
Measuring The Performance Of State-Owned Assets Through The Asset Management Index
Authors: Yuhani Octarina , Setyaningrum Dyah
Published: November 2023

This study aims to analyze how the implementation of the Asset Management Index in Ministries / Institutions (M/I) and the problems that occur in the flow or process of implementing it. This research uses the theoretical framework of governance, risk, and compliance. This research uses a qualitative approach in the form of a case study conducted at the Directorate General of State Assets Management (DGSAM) as the unit authorized to formulate policies in the field of BMN management. Data collection was carried out through document review and in-depth interviews. The results of this study illustrate that there are obstacles in the application of the Asset Management Index in BMN Management including the use of state-owned asset management information systems and parameters in the calculation of IPA (tools), the application of standard operating procedures (process) and limited human resources (people).
Pengembangan Kecerdasan Emosi Di Pesantren Ar-Raudatul ‘Ilmiyyah Kertosono Nganjuk
Authors: Hasim Muhamad , Sarbini Sarbini
Published: November 2023

This research aims to determine how emotional intelligence developed at the Ar-Raudatul 'Ilmiyyah Kertosono Islamic Boarding School. What are the priority aspects of developing emotional intelligence at the ar-Raudatul 'Ilmiyyah Islamic Boarding School, and what is a form of developing emotional intelligence at the ar-Raudatul 'Ilmiyyah Islamic Boarding School? The method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative, which extracts data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the development of emotional intelligence is crucial because it is one of the efforts to create a personal figure who has akhlaq al-karima. To achieve this goal, at the Ar-Raudatul 'Ilmiyyah Islamic boarding school, several aspects of emotional intelligence have been developed, which are related to self-awareness, independence, self-actualization, interpersonal relationships, social responsibility, and empathy, the abilities of which are essential or primary. Which dramatically affects one's success. Emotional intelligence is another form of developing akhlaq al-karma so that it contains both human and divine aspects.
Hak Asasi Anak Perspektif Islam
Authors: Nurhakim Haditsa Qur’ani
Published: November 2023

In the history of a country, even in the history of the world, no one has ever said that. Without children, the world would be empty, crippled, and dead. There will be no such thing as a future. A country will be destroyed, life will change, and the world will disappear by itself. Has it ever occurred to you has anyone thought about the importance of a child for the future of the world? However, today, the world is losing its future with the rampant exploitation of children by adults as a means of enriching themselves. Children are used as street buskers, newspaper vendors, beggars, garbage collectors, thieves, and prostitutes (commercial sex workers), and the worst thing is that children are used as consumptive objects for sellers of illicit goods. Adults feel safer selling to children, and this is safe because children will not report to the authorities. After all, sellers usually threaten them, and eventually, the children feel afraid.
Bacterial Diversity and Occurrences in Cassava Effluent-Contaminated Soil at Umuoma, Uli Community, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria., N. E. Nwakoby, , C. F. Ejimofor, ,   Department of Biological Science, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Published: November 2023

A good quality soil is characterized by adequate nutrients as a result of abundant nutrients cycling bacteria. Most soil in Nigeria has been subjected to different kinds of pollutants resulting from anthropogenic activities which have become a major threatening factor to the quality of soil. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of cassava effluent on soil bacterial activities. A total of 30 composite soil samples were aseptically collected from cassava effluent disposal site at Uli community using a sterile soil auger. The samples were analyzed for total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC) and nitrifying bacterial count (NBC) using standard plate technique. The predominant bacterial isolates that aided nutrients cycling were appropriately characterized, thereafter ascertained their diversities in both impacted and non-impacted soil samples. Also, the bacterial isolates were characterized based on morphology, microscopy, and biochemical characteristics. There was a significant reduction in the THBC and NBC in the impacted soil and Gram negative rods such as Pseudomonas and Klebsiella species were mostly isolated. The study has revealed that cassava effluent affects microbial distribution in the soil. Keywords: Bacterial, Diversity, Cassava, Effluent-Contaminated and Soil
Teurer Schadensersatz auch bei Creative-Commons-Bildern
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Die Kanzlei Lampmann Habermann Rosenbaum berichtet über einen von ihr vertretenen Fall, in dem ein Fotograf seine Bilder unter Creative Commons veröffentlichte. Ein Unternehmen verwendete eines der Fotos, ohne Urheber und Lizenz zu nennen bzw. zu verlinken: Für die Verwendung einer Landschaftsaufnahme auf mehreren Websites des Unternehmens einigte man sich dann auf einen Schadensersatz von 14.000 Euro.
Wie man E-Books mit Lego und Laptop von DRM befreit
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Eine kreative Verteidigung der Privatkopie gegen technische Schutzmaßnahmen und Umgehungsverbote: Der Do-it-yourself-Scanner von Peter Purgathofer, Professor für interaktive Systeme an der TU Wien, befreit E-Books für den Amazon Kindle vom Kopierschutz und wandelt sie wieder in Textdateien um. Inspiriert ist er vom DIY Bookscanner. The post Wie man E-Books mit Lego und Laptop von DRM befreit appeared first on iRights.info.
NSA vs. EU-Einrichtungen, WIPO-Blindenvertrag, EuGH zur Druckerabgabe
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Der Abhörskandal um Prism und Tempora zieht neue Kreise, die Vertragskonferenz der WIPO einigt sich auf Urheberrechtsschranken für Blinde, der Europäische Gerichtshof bestätigt die Urheberrechtsabgabe auf Drucker und PCs. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: Verwaiste Werke, Abmahndeckelung, Recht auf Vergessenwerden und Autocomplete.
Europäischer Gerichtshof: Hersteller von Druckern und PCs müssen Geräteabgabe an VG Wort zahlen
Authors: Spielkamp Matthias
Published: November 2023

Auf PCs und Drucker, die in Deutschland verkauft werden, kann eine Urheberrechtsabgabe erhoben werden. Das hat heute der Europäische Gerichtshof (EuGH) entschieden. Das Urteil (PDF) ist ein so genannter Vorlagebeschluss, in dem Fragen entschieden wurden, die der Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) dem EuGH vorgelegt hatte, weil sie das Recht der EU betreffen.
Nikolaus Forgó: „Grundsätzlich halte ich das eher für symbolische Politik”
Authors: Mey Stefan
Published: November 2023

Ein globales Datenschutzabkommen wird seit den Erkenntnissen über das Ausmaß der Überwachung durch Geheimdienste verstärkt diskutiert. Nikolaus Forgó, Professor für IT-Recht und Rechtsinformatik an der Leibniz-Universität Hannover spielt im iRights.info-Interview die Möglichkeiten eines solchen Abkommens durch, ist jedoch skeptisch über dessen Chancen und Wirkmächtigkeit.
Alle Macht der VG Wort?
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Die VG Wort bietet den Zeitungsverlegern an, das Presse-Leistungsschutzrecht wahrzunehmen. Doch wie sinnvoll ist das – für die VG Wort, aber auch für Autoren und Verlage? Eine Einschätzung. Vor wenigen Wochen hatte Telemedicus das letzte Mal zum Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger berichtet. Der Stand damals war: Auf den ersten Blick sieht Google wie der Sieger aus – auf den zweiten Blick aber nicht.
VG Wort, verwaiste Werke, NSA-Skandal
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Die VG Wort könnte das neue Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverleger wahrnehmen, der Bundesrat billigt mehrere Reformen im Urheberrecht, die Bundesregierung hält sich bei einer Anfrage zum NSA-Skandal bedeckt. Das und mehr im Wochenrückblick.  VG Wort will Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverlage wahrnehmen  Die VG Wort erwägt, das im August in Kraft getretene Leistungsschutzrecht für Presseverlage wahrzunehmen.
Gesetzesänderung tritt gegen Abmahnwesen an
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Der Bundestag verabschiedete vergangene Woche Änderungen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes. Die neuen Regelungen könnten einen Rückgang des Abmahngeschäfts beim Filesharing bewirken. Offen bleibt, ob Schlupflöcher tatsächlich gestopft werden.
Cloud-Links: Blick in die Dropbox, Speicherdienste in Firmen, Big Data
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Mehrere Sicherheitslücken bei Dropbox und Co. offenbart, „Big Data” stößt in Deutschland auf Skepsis, Musikdienst Grooveshark mit Lizenz: Cloud-Links der Woche.  Sicherheitsexperten blicken in Dropbox  Den Sicherheitsforschern Dhiru Kholia und Przemys?aw W?grzyn ist es gelungen, den bislang nicht öffentlich bekannten Code der Software von Dropbox zu entschlüsseln.
OLG München: VG Wort darf nicht pauschal an Verlage ausschütten (Update)
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Die VG Wort darf nicht allen Urhebern einen pauschalen Verlegeranteil von ihren Tantiemen abziehen. Mit diesem Urteil gab das Oberlandesgericht München heute dem Urheberrechtsexperten und Autor Martin Vogel in zweiter Instanz Recht. Das Gericht entschied: der Verlegeranteil wäre nur dann berechtigt, wenn die Urheber den Verlagen die entsprechenden Ansprüche zuvor abgetreten haben. Das war bei Vogel nicht der Fall.
Enthält Content von EMI: „I have a dream”
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Jeder kennt die Rede von Martin Luther King, die mit den Worten „I have a dream” ins kulturelle Gedächtnis eingegangen ist – oder zumindest diesen einen Satz. Der 50. Jahrestag des Marschs auf Washington vom 28. August 1963 hat jetzt auch daran erinnert, dass sie ein dauernder Quell von Urheberrechtsstreitigkeiten ist. Geht es um die Rede in voller Länge, ist die Frage: Public Domain oder nicht?
Prism und die Folgen: Die Geheimdienste von Lethargistan
Authors: Matzat Lorenz
Published: November 2023

Geheimdienste sind ein fundamentales Problem für die Demokratie, doch zu mehr als digitaler Selbstverteidigung wird es nicht reichen. Mit dem Niedergang der Piratenpartei hat progressive Netzpolitik es schwerer als je zuvor. Eine Replik von Lorenz Matzat. Jürgen Geuter schrieb hier bei iRights.info, warum man nicht wie Johnny Häusler bei Spreeblick der Resignation anheim fallen dürfe.
NSA, GCHQ, Fair use
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Neue Enthüllungen über NSA-Spionage in der UNO und die Zerstörung von Festplatten beim Guardian, Lawrence Lessig klagt nach einem Youtube-Takedown gegen die Plattenfirma Liberation Music. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: Gegenstandswert beim Filesharing, gefragte Bestandsdaten, Meldepflicht bei Datenlecks, Urteil für Chelsea Manning.
Matthias Hartwig: „Ich bin enttäuscht, dass nicht mehr Gegenwehr passiert”
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Matthias Hartwig vom Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht spricht im iRights.info-Interview darüber, wie sich die Geheimdienstprogramme rund um PRISM und ein jetzt diskutiertes Datenschutzabkommen völkerrechtlich einordnen lassen. Ein grenzenloses Sammeln privater Daten unterminiert die Trennung von Staat und Gesellschaft und damit die bürgerliche Gesellschaft, warnt Hartwig.
Bundesdatenschutzbeauftragter Schaar: Klare Grenzen bei der Internetüberwachung
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Der Datenschutzbeauftragte des Bundes, Peter Schaar, sieht durch PRISM das deutsche Recht auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung berührt. Außerdem sollte der Datenschutz auf europäischer Ebene sowie zwischen Europa und den USA neu geregelt werden. Aber trotz aller Abkommen und Gesetze: Verbraucher sollten ihre Daten verschlüsseln.
BND darf auch deutsche Gespräche anzapfen, Google-Haftung, PC Fritz, Silk-Road und FBI
Authors:   telemedicus.info
Published: November 2023

Der BND darf seit mindestens zwei Jahren deutsche Internet-Provider abhören; Datenschutzbeauftragte fordern die öffentliche Hand auf, Ende-zu-Ende-Verschlüsselung einzusetzen und Google haftet nicht für ehrverletzende Suchergebnisse. Außerdem im Wochenrückblick: PC Fritz erwirkt einstweilige Verfügung gegen Microsoft und das FBI verhaftet den mutmaßlichen Silk-Road-Betreiber.
[Update] Offener Brief: Kulturschaffende möchten Rezensionen über ihre Arbeit kostenlos nutzen
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Zeitungskritiken über die eigene Arbeit auf die Webseite zu stellen, ist für viele Künstler selbstverständlich. Dabei beachten sie oft nicht das Urheberrecht der Artikel-Autoren. Eine Abmahnwelle hat nun Künstler zusammengebracht, die diese Praxis rechtlich legalisieren wollen.
Einigung: WIPO-Blindenvertrag kurz vor der Verabschiedung
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Der seit Tagen in Marrakesch zur Verhandlung stehende Blindenvertrag ist offenbar bereit zur Verabschiedung durch die Welturheberrechts­organisation WIPO. Wie Intellectual Property Watch berichtet, legten die Delegierten gestern Nacht den ersten Entwurf vor, den die einzelnen Konferenzguppen nun prüfen.
Safe-Harbour-Verstöße, Tracking bei Mailprovidern, Cloudspeicher im Selbstbau
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Datenschutzverstöße bei „Safe Harbour“, Tracking bei Mailprovidern, Streaming aus Musikerperspektive, Gauck zum Datenschutz, Datenleck bei Adobe und Cloudspeicher im Selbstbau.
Christoph Kappes über Sobooks: „Eine bessere Tiefe der Interaktion direkt im Buch”
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Heute geht Sobooks an den Start: ein neues Online-Portal für elektronische Bücher. Es will gleichzeitig Vertriebs- und Leseplattform sein, „Social Reading“ ist direkt in die Bücher integriert. Hinter Sobooks stehen die Internet-Berater und Blogger Sascha Lobo und Christoph Kappes. Kurz vor der Premiere sprachen wir mit Christoph Kappes.
Verschlüsselung: Forscher wollen Truecrypt unter die Lupe nehmen
Authors: Pachali David
Published: November 2023

Verschlüsselungsprogramme wie Truecrypt sind spätestens seit den Überwachungsenthüllungen um NSA & Co. für breitere Kreise interessant geworden – etwa, um sensible Daten bei Cloudspeicherdiensten zu schützen. Open-Source-Programme gelten dabei zugleich als letzte Hoffnung, denn nur hier kann überprüft werden, welche Verfahren dahinterstehen und ob der Programmcode manipuliert wurde.
Technoviking: Ein Internet-Mem vor dem Berliner Landgericht
Authors: Steinhau Henry
Published: November 2023

Das Youtube- und Internet-Phänomen „Technoviking“ ist ein kurioser Fall – vor wenigen Tagen war es einer für das Berliner Landgericht. In seinem Urteil wägt das Gericht pragmatisch zwischen Persönlichkeitsrechten und der Freiheit der Kunst ab. Doch es zeigt, wie limitiert die Mittel des Rechts bei Internet-Phänomenen sein können.