bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Red tinted contact lenses on Ishihara test error scores in color deficient subjects: a pilot study
Authors:   Optometry & Vision Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia, Mutalib Haliza Abdul , Lin Ong Yi ,   Optometry & Vision Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia, Ishak Bashirah ,   Optometry & Vision Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia, Saman Mohd Norhafizun Bin Mohd ,   Optometry & Vision Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia, Hairol Mohd Izzuddin ,   Optometry & Vision Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
Published: February 2025

AIM: To compare the Ishihara test errors scores of colour vision deficiency (CVD) subjects when wearing four different types of red-tinted contact lenses (RCL) that differ in their transmittance as determined using a spectrophotometer.
METHODS: Six congenital CVD subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Ishihara plates were used to determine the colour vision errors made, whereas Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test was conducted to determine the total error scores (TES) and type of CVD. Four types of RCL (Types A, B, C and D) were inserted in the non-dominant eye and tested in a randomised manner by a masked operator. Errors scores in Ishihara test were determined at baseline without any contact lens and after wearing the four different RCL. The subjects were then divided into two groups based on the mean TES.
RESULTS: Repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser corrections showed that there was a highly significant effect of RCL type on Ishihara error score [F(2.056, 10.282)=30.214, P<0.001]. Error scores with RCL Type B were significantly lower than errors made when no lens was worn, and with RCL Type C and Type D (all P<0.001). Error scores with RCL Type B were also lower than those made with RCL Type A, however, they were not significantly different. For subjects with TES values less than 180, RCL type B showed the largest improvement in Ishihara error score (50%) compared to the other three RCLs. RCL type A showed the best performance in TES value of more than 180, with an improvement of 80% in Ishihara score. RCL Type A has the lowest transmittance at the confusion wavelength (450-568 nm), followed by RCL Types B, D and C.
CONCLUSION: This study shows that RCL can improve Ishihara error scores. RCL with lower transmission at 450-568 nm and 90% transmittance beyond 637 nm are the most effective. Lenses which could block more light between 550-580 nm are more effective for colour defectives with more severe colour defects.
Effect of pharmacological pupil changes on intraocular lens power calculation: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors:   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China, Tan Si-Yi , Wang Wei-Qi ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China, Wang Bing-Song ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
Published: February 2025

AIM: To investigate the effect of pharmacological pupil alterations on intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations.
METHODS: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of studies published before December 2023 in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases on the accuracy of pharmacological pupil changes on IOL power calculation was performed. The primary outcome was the results of IOL power calculations before and after the use of medications. Subgroup analyses were performed based on participants’ basic characteristics, such as age, axial length (AL), and whether miosis or mydriasis were used as classification criteria for further analyses. Each eligible study was evaluated for potential risk of bias by the AHRQ assessment scale. The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42024497535).
RESULTS: A total of 3062 eyes from 21 studies were eligible. There was no significant difference in the IOL power calculation before and after pharmacological pupil changes using any of the Hoffer Q (WMD=0.055, 95%CI=-0.046–0.156; P=0.29), SRK/T (WMD=0.003, 95%CI=-0.073–0.080; P=0.93), Haigis (WMD=-0.030, 95%CI=-0.176–0.116; P=0.69), Holladay 2 (WMD=-0.042, 95%CI=-0.366–0.282; P=0.80), and Barrett Universal II (WMD=0.033, 95%CI=-0.061–0.127; P=0.49) formulas. On the measurement of parameters related to IOL power calculation, for either miosis or mydriasis AL (P=0.98 and 0.29, respectively), lens thickness (P=0.96 and 0.13, respectively), and mean keratometry (P=0.90 and 0.86, respectively) did not present significant differences, while anterior chamber depth (P=0.07 and <0.01, respectively) and white-to-white distance (P=0.01 and 0.04, respectively) changed significantly between the two measurements prior and posterior. At the same time, despite there being some participants with the difference between the before and after calculations greater than 0.5 diopter, there was no significant difference in the incidence rate between these formulas.
CONCLUSION: There is no significant effect of pharmacological pupil changes on the IOL power calculation. It will considerably reduce the visit time burden for patients who require cataract surgery.
Active Learning Undergraduate Course on UAV Path Planning and Tracking Using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Perhinschi Mario
Published: February 2025

This paper presents the use of numerical simulation tools developed in MATLAB and Simulink for the design and implementation of an undergraduate course, introducing students to the path planning and trajectory tracking of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The course is part of an aerospace engineering emphasis area; however, with minimal flight dynamics background, it is beneficial to students in related disciplines relevant to UAVs. The major classes of UAV path generation and trajectory tracking algorithms are introduced. Significant design issues and their implications are discussed and illustrated through numerical simulation. Course assignments use active and experiential learning approaches encouraging student creativity and initiative. They involve investigating algorithm alternatives and UAV diverse operational conditions beyond nominal, including control surface failures and adverse atmospheric phenomena. Students are required to solve open-ended problems and design, execute, and analyze simulation experiments in the process. Direct assessment by the instructor and student feedback confirm that advanced numerical simulation increases student motivation and facilitates learning. It represents an effective support for active and experiential learning methodologies.
MITIGATING ENGINEERING STUDENT ATTRITION BY IMPLEMENTING ARDUINO ACTIVITIES THROUGHOUT UNDERGRADUATE CURRICULA
Authors: Groff Dolores De
Published: February 2025

One of the most challenging aspects of engineering education is to engage and motivate the student audience. Studies have found that roughly 40 percent of students planning engineering majors end up switching to other subjects or failing to get any degree. Indeed, American students are turning away from science and math. There are not enough graduates in engineering to meet US workforce demands. Many students enroll in engineering undergraduate programs with the belief that the coursework would include components immediately, and build early in the undergraduate coursework, and when they do not have these hands-on fun and challenging experiences, students select alternative majors. Starting with introductory engineering courses, students should be immediately exposed to hands-on fun and challenging competitive projects. Teaching Arduino in the framework of fun competitions should capture the interest of prospective future engineers and support the engagement and retention of students. This paper is written to outline relevant pedagogical prospects.
Geopolitical Symbolic Capital and Monumental Space of Cities in the North-West of the Russian Federation
Authors: Aksenov K. E. , Gres R. A.
Published: February 2025

Aim. We identify and conceptualize the symbolic geopolitical capital of the territory, represented by monumental urban space.

Methodology. We examined 515 monuments related to geopolitical topics in 9 model cities of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation. By studying the hierarchies of occurrence of geopolitical dedications in monuments—”geopolitical traces” left by monuments in model cities, an attempt was made to compare the significance for urban symbolic politics of such factors as the capital city status legacy, a specific geopolitical position, the experience of foreign control, and a change of sovereignty.

Results. It is found that the specifics of topics and the parameters of representation of geopolitical symbols correlate with the degree of involvement of the city/region in certain geopolitical events. Geopolitical symbolic capital, represented by the resources of the monumental space in different cities of the North-West of the Russian Federation, is very significantly differentiated by the factors described in the paper. The factor of change of sovereignty over the territory turned out to be by far more significant than the capital city legacy. Symbols of the communist / Soviet expansion are more characteristic of regional capitals. Russian geographical research/discovery/development with a regional connotation (except for Kaliningrad) is the most significant in the monuments of all coastal cities in the sample.

Research implications. In the context of increased attention to geopolitical issues, monuments bearing such a connotation represent a resource for its interpretation and use in order to achieve political dominance in symbolic politics, as evidenced by the large-scale “war of monuments” that has unfolded in the world. At the same time, the significance of urban symbols, fixed and thus “legitimized” in the urban material space, significantly increases the effectiveness of symbolic management based on them.
Literary Landscapes of the Mining Urals and the Development of Tourist Attractions
Authors: Firsova A. V.
Published: February 2025

Aim. We consider literary landscapes that have developed over the past 50 years in such settlements as Polevskaya, Visim and Vsevolod-Vilva, and define the contribution of fiction literature to the formation of the cultural landscape authenticity.

Methodology. Each of the considered landscapes has common structural elements: memorial museums, literary places, historical monuments, natural attractions, development history and development methods. The study of landscapes is based on the literary-geographical approach, as well as historical-functional and geopoetic analysis of the text and tourist product design approach. The research material is the creative heritage of D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak, P.P. Bazhov, B.L. Pasternak, as well as the project activities of literary museums in Visim, Polevskaya and Sysert, Vsevolodo-Vilva.

Results. The literary landscape of Visim is connected with the work of D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak: it is memorial and “realistically authentic” as the work of the writer. It develops through traditional methods of museumification. The literary landscapes of P. P. Bazhov have an associative character, are connected with the heroes of fairy tales, and are evolved in the direction of natural territories development and of industrial area revitalization. In the literary landscape of B. L. Pasternak, natural landscapes are of particular importance; they line up in a series of poetic images of the Urals as a primordial world that is close to the origins of existence. Continuous processes of cultural designing are important for the life and development cycles of each of the literary landscapes, which, in this case, retain their attractiveness.

Research implication. For the first time, landscapes associated with individual periods of the life of D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak, P. P. Bazhov, B. L. Pasternak are presented as examples of a single mining landscape. The strategy of successfully developing literary landscapes is applicable to other similar ones.
Long-Term Trends of Organic Matter Runoff From Large Siberian Rivers Watersheds
Authors: Reshetnyak O. S. , Kovalenko A. A.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To evaluate the dynamics and load level of dissolved organic matter (DOM) runoff in the river-mouth sections of large Siberian rivers.Methodology. To calculate the values of chemical runoff, long-term hydrological and hydrochemical information for the period from 1990 to 2020 were used. The dynamics of the organic matter (OM) runoff (including oil products) is considered. A comparative assessment of the runoff of DOM was carried out according to the specific characteristic – the module of chemical runoff – for the mouth sections of such rivers as the Ob, the Pur, the Taz, the Nadym, the Yenisei, the Anabar, the Lena, the Yana, the Indigirka and the Kolyma.Results. It is shown that the largest values of DOM runoff are typical for the most full-flowing rivers (the Ob, the Yenisei, and the Lena rivers), while the smallest volumes are typical for rivers with a low water runoff. According to such a specific characteristic as the modulus of chemical runoff, the highest runoff values of easily oxidizable OM are recorded for the Pur, the Taz, the Anabar, and the Kolyma rivers, and the highest values of the runoff of hardly oxidizable OM and oil products are recorded for the rivers of the Kara Sea basin. Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in the runoff of hard-to-oxidize OM in the mouth areas of such rivers as the Ob, the Pur, the Yenisei, the Anabar, the Yana, and the Indigirka. A declining trend of the oil products runoff was identified in the sections of the Ob, the Nadym, the Taz, the Lena and the Kolyma rivers. It has been established that the lower reaches of the Eastern Siberia rivers incur the least total load of the OM runoff and the river-mouth sections of the Kara Sea basin incur the average and high load.Research implications. Results and obtained data could be used to assess the variability of anthropogenic load and water quality in the mouths sections of the rivers. Also, the findings can be used to study the possible impact of river runoff on the hydrochemical regime of Arctic rivers-mouth ecosystems and coastal marine areas.
Event Tourism as a Factor of Increasing Recognition of the Territory
Authors: Shcherbakova S. A. , Evdokimov M. Yu.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To identify the advantages of the development of event tourism in the regions of Russia as a modern trend in territorial marketing.Methodology. The complex application of the methods of comparative geographical and system analysis for the study made it possible to describe the possibilities of the impact of event events on increasing the recognition and development of the territory. To assess the qualitative parameters of the event potential of Russian regions, the study gave preference to the method of rating estimates. Using the example of the Smolensk region, using SWOT analysis, the factors for the formation of a new tourism product in the field of event tourism are revealed.Results. Based on the results of the study, the main benefits of the development of event tourism compared to other types of tourism were substantiated (obvious economic and social effect, construction and/or modernization of the territory’s infrastructure, promotion of the destination at the global and national level, increase in tourist flow, attracting investors). Optimal directions and effective measures for the strategic development of event tourism in the Russian regions are proposed (to develop a program for the development of event tourism in the regions of the Russian Federation, to diversify the options for event events and their thematic focus, to activate the mechanism for subsidizing event events in the regions, etc.).Research implications. The article outlines the main conditions for the formation (consolidation of the efforts of government authorities at all levels, business and the scientific community, accurate targeting of the target audience, careful preparatory work, etc.), essential characteristics (mass, all-season, entertainment, regularity, interactivity) and the main elements event tourism industry (accommodation, food, transport, information, management and personnel support). The need for the development of event tourism has been proven to increase the tourist attractiveness of territories and increase tourist flow, especially during the low tourist season.
Tourism in China: Current Status, The Main Factors Influencing Its Development
Authors: Valkova T. M. , Krasavtsev I. V. , Quan Tang
Published: February 2025

Aim. The purpose of the article is to consider the current state of tourism in China, to identify factors influencing its development.Methodology. The article gives a features of inbound and domestic tourist flows, tourists routes and tourist infrastructure in the regions of the country in order to identify territorial differences and problems, the influence of economic, political, sociocultural and environmental factors on the development of tourism in China. In addition, the article discusses the stages of development of outbound tourism in the country. The main methods of research are: comparison, analytical, statistical, cartographic, system research methods and GIS (geographic information system) technologies.Results. The tourism industry is one of the key areas of China's economic development, an important factor in strengthening its role in the global economy. The current state of tourism in China can be characterized as dynamically developing due to such factors as economic and social development, income growth, and political stability. Factors affecting the development of tourism in China: improving the quality of tourism infrastructure and services, the inclusion of historical and cultural attractions in tourism activities, the implementation of tourism development programs aimed at popularizing this type of activity, attracting foreign tourists, expanding international cooperation. One of the main trends in the development of tourism in China is the territorial differentiation due to the diversity of climatic, historical and cultural characteristics of China regions. The most popular tourist destinations are Taiwan Guangdong, Shanghai, Yunnan Guangxi Zhuang District, Fujian and Zhejiang. Despite a certain decline caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the country has not lost its leading position in the global tourism market.Research implications. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it allows a deeper understanding of the current state of tourism in China, the factors influencing its development in country regions. The results of this study can be used in the framework of scientific and practical activities related to the development of countries and regions tourism strategies. The article continues the authors' research started in the previous paper [5], which considered the impact of tourism and recreational resources on the territorial organization of tourism in China.
Fire danger of the vegetation on the lands of the forest fund of the Tyva Republic in a changing climate
Authors: Kuular Kh.  B.
Published: February 2025

Aim. Assessment of wildfire hazard in the forest lands of the Tyva Republic from 2000 to 2022 based on the analysis of statistical data collected by regional executive authorities.

Procedure and methods. The work analyzed the annual data on wildfires obtained on the basis of official reports of the Ministry of Forestry and Nature Management of the Republic of Tyva, as well as the average monthly air temperatures and assessed the provision of the territory with atmospheric moisture. Fire data were obtained on the basis of forest registration cards opened during the registration of fires indicating the areas of detection and elimination of fires. This information was processed using mathematical statistics methods. Based on the geo-information analysis using the NextGISQGIS program, a spatio-temporal analysis of the distribution of the fire hazardous season (spring, summer, autumn) was carried out. The module "creation of heat maps" was used to build fire density maps.

Results. There is an increase in the duration of the warm season and the duration of dry weather in spring. In the period from 1992 to 2020. The temperature anomaly of the warm season (IV–X months) was 1.64 ± 0.16 °C. Since the 2000s the number and area of territories suffering from fires has grown, due to an increase in forest attendance by the local population and the preservation of agricultural fires in the face of progressive climate warming. Data on the actual burning of vegetation show that the cause of vegetation fires in most cases is the human factor (when collecting the gifts of nature, the rules for handling fire were not observed), and they flare up in connection with the established abnormal weather conditions.

Research implications. The study reveals that obtained results important for long-term strategy adaptation develops of ecosystems region to climate change. The significance of the work lies in the fact that the data obtained are important in the long-term development of the Fire Control Strategy and their prediction to climate change.
Geobotanical monitoring of light pollution in urban nature protected areas (the case study of the Vorobyovy gory nature reserve in Moscow)
Authors: Lukianov L. E. , Krasovskaya T. M. , Emelyanova L. G.
Published: February 2025

Aim. Assessment of the light pollution impact on the vegetation cover in the Vorobyovy Gory nature reserve.

Methodology.  The principle investigation methods were the following: system geoecological analysis (including characteristics of natural landscapes and anthropogenic load), geobotanical observation (changes in species composition, abundance and phenophase of terrestrial plants) and instrumental measurements of the illumination intensity measured by luxmeter. To monitor the transformation of the grass vegetation cover, 8 test sites were laid: background and light pollution testing sites. Comparison of identical species of the nature reserve flora in neighboring illuminated and unlit areas (10×10 m) within the same landscape tract fragments was carried out.

Results. The study showed that the effect of light pollution on the natural vegetation cover affects its structure, species abundance as well as rhythms of their development. Geobotanical study of plant species composition at these sites allowed us to identify 21 plant species of different sensitivity to the level of illumination of their habitats. These species may be used for further monitoring of light pollution impact on vegetation cover (Ficaria verna, Campanula sp., Vicia sylvatica, Anemone ranunculoides, etc.).

Research implications. Geobotanical methods for light pollution monitoring are proposed.
Application of information technologies for assessment and forecasting of gas emission processes at MSW landfills
Authors: Ashikhmina T. V. , Zhidova M. V. , Kotov D. V.
Published: February 2025

Aim. Development of software products for modeling and forecasting gas emissions at different stages of the life cycle of municipal solid waste landfills, as well as during waste combustion.

Methodology. The work uses: a systematic approach to modeling the processes of interaction of waste disposal facilities with the environment, calculation and modeling of gas emission processes based on existing methods, information technologies for programming algorithms for calculating specified gas emission parameters with the receipt of a software product.

Results. The use of information technologies based on known methods made it possible to develop convenient programs for express assessment and forecasting of gas emission processes at municipal solid waste landfills with graphical and geographical visualization of the results.

Research implications. The developed software products contribute to solving the urgent problem of assessing and forecasting routine and emergency gas emission processes at municipal solid waste disposal facilities. The programs presented in the article allow optimizing the application of known methods for calculating pollutant emissions during the operation of facilities, as well as during waste combustion.
Peculiarities of reflecting new reference realities in modern digital and online versions of the dictionary «Le Petit Robert de la langue française»
Authors: Kharitonova I. V. , Belyaeva E. E.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To identify the epistemological foundations of neologization in modern French. The neologisms recorded in the latest versions of the digital editions of “Le Petit Robert de la langue française”, including a list of new words in 2024, are analyzed.

Methodology. The analysis is based on modern linguistic and philosophical ideas about the role of natural human language in cognitive activity, the objects of which are the material and ideal realities of external and internal objective and subjective space in relation to a person.

Results. As a result of the conducted research, the connection of neologization with the social code of culture and the actual orientation of the cognitive and creative process is demonstrated. The methodological content of such instrumental concepts as reference reality, linguistic reality and nominate is clarified.

Research implications. An epistemological classification of modern French new words is proposed. The results of the study have scientific novelty and are important for the development of contemporary Romance neology. Theoretical and empirical material can be used in courses on the lexicology of the French language and the theory of intercultural communication.
“Civil war” concept verbalization in contemporary American political discourse
Authors: Bystrov N. A.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To identify the structure of the concept of “civil war” and its verbalization features in contempo­rary American political discourse.

Methodology. The research is based on the application of textual, contextual and conceptual analysis methods.

Results. During the research, it was concluded that the core of the meanings of the concept “civil war” includes “division” and “extreme violence”. The meanings “confrontation” and “chaos” can be referred to as the peripheral ones. The analysis of the corpus of social and political journalistic texts has shown that the representation of the “civil war” concept can be carried out explicitly and implic­itly, as well as at the level of interaction of linguistics and general semiotics in audiovisual form. In addition, the analyzed concept representatives may refer to vocabulary denoting the concepts of “in” and “out”, pejorative vocabulary, as well as “color markers” words.

Research implications. Based on the results of the work, a model of conceptual analysis of modern American political discourse was proposed and its implementation in practice was demonstrated.
STUDY OF THE AMIDES OBTAINED BY THE SYNTHESIS OF COTTONSEED OIL AND DIETHANOLAMINE AS INHIBITOR TO PREVENT ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION
Authors: Suleymanova Sevinc , Aslanova Sabahat , Movsumova Parvana , Musayeva Nurane , Ismailov Teyub
Published: February 2025

Amides of cottonseed oil and diethanolamine were synthesized in 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 mole ratios, and the structures of the substances were confirmed using infrared spectroscopy. Physicochemical properties were also studied. Conservative liquids were developed by adding 3, 5, and 10% of the obtained amides into T-30 oil. Corrosion tests were carried out in hydro chambers, seawater, and 0.001% H2SO4 solution by immersing metal plates into the conservative liquids. The studies revealed that synthetic amides can be used to develop conservative liquids of high protective efficiency. The best results were obtained with 10% solutions. It was determined that metal plates immersed in a 10% solution of amide in a mole ratio of 1:2 were protected from corrosion during 205 days in "Q-4" hydro chambers, 165 days in seawater, and 160 days in a 0.001% H2SO4 solution.
Pamuk yağı amidleri ve dietanolamin 1:1, 1:2 ve 1:3 mol oranlarında sentezlendi ve maddelerin yapıları kızılötesi spektroskopi kullanılarak doğrulandı. Fizikokimyasal özellikler de incelenmiştir. Elde edilen amidlerden 3%, 5%, 7% ve 10% oranında T-30 yağına ilave edilerek koruyucu sıvılar geliştirilmiştir. Korozyon testleri hidrohazne, deniz suyu ve 0,001% H2SO4 çözeltisinde muhafaza sıvısına metal plakalar daldırılarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmalar, sentetik amidlerin yüksek koruyucu etkinliğe sahip konservatif sıvılar geliştirmek için kullanılabileceğini ortaya koydu. Belirlenmişdir ki, 1:2 mol oranındaki %10'luk amit çözeltisine daldırılan metal plakaların "Q-4" hidrohaznede 205 gün, deniz suyunda 165 gün ve %0,001 H2SO4'te 160 gün korozyondan korunuyor.
Optimizing Experimental Parameters for Rietveld Refinement of Powder X-ray Diffraction from Small Gold Nanocrystals
Authors: Hekmatjou Hamidreza , Ozturk Hande
Published: February 2025

Lattice parameters, average crystal sizes and root-mean-square atom displacements obtained from Rietveld refinement of powder diffraction data from gold nanopowders of 5-30 nm size are systematically investigated. A computational workflow is introduced where atomistic models of gold nanocrystals are created, and corresponding analytical diffraction data are computed and refined. The effect of nanocrystal size, nanocrystal shape, step size of the diffraction data and refinement range on the refined parameters are separately discussed for developing an optimized Rietveld refinement strategy for accurate sample characterization. Results show that a step size no greater than 0.2° ensures stable refined lattice parameters, crystal sizes and microstrains for gold nanocrystals smaller than 30 nm. For larger nanocrystals, smaller step sizes are necessary. Accuracy of refined lattice parameters are dependent on the refinement much more strongly for smaller nanocrystals than larger ones. Depending on the shape of the nanocrystal, limited refinement range may result in over or underestimations of the lattice parameter, hence extended refinement ranges are suggested for highest accuracy. Finally, microstrains refined from ideal crystalline gold nanospheres are significantly overestimated for smaller nanocrystals than larger ones for limited refinement range. However, if the refinement range includes four to five high-intensity Bragg peaks, then the refined microstrains stabilize irrespective of the nanocrystal size.
An Isolated Active-Clamped Circuit Current-Fed Half-Bridge Converter
Authors: Da Silva Glauco E. R , Stein Carlos M. de O. , Da Costa Jean P. , Carati Emerson G. , Cardoso Rafael , Denardin Gustavo W. , Quispe Jhon B. B.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an isolated regenerative active-clamped circuit designed for the current-fed half-bridge (IRACCFHB) converter. Its primary function is to reduce high voltage spikes across the main switches caused by energy stored in the leakage inductance of the power transformer using a clamping capacitor. This recovered energy is delivered efficiently to the load, maintaining the converter's high efficiency and voltage ratio. The proposed auxiliary circuit employs a single active switch with the same ground reference as the main switches, eliminating the need for an isolated gate driver. The converter achieves zero voltage switching (ZVS) during the turn-off of the main switches and zero current switching (ZCS) during the turn-on of the auxiliary switch. Energy recovery to the load is accomplished without compromising galvanic isolation due to employing a coupled inductor in the auxiliary circuit. To validate the proposed analysis and design, a $350~\mathrm{W}$ prototype was implemented.
Nature-based Programs and Youth Mental Health: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?
Authors: Beames Simon , Bentzen Marte , Bratland-Sanda Solfrid , Harper Nevin , Richards Kaye
Published: February 2025

This paper provides commentary on two societal concerns: increasing levels of youth mental health issues, and the lack of large-scaled, widely implemented methods to respond to this concern. The authors explicate the twin problems of worsening youth mental health and the lack of large scale research examining approaches to tackle the trend, and focus on the role of nature-based programs in addressing these phenomena. Suggestions are provided for research designs which may yield vital knowledge on suitable methodologies and appropriate theoretical frameworks which can be harnessed to improve youth mental health through access to activities in natural environments.
Recent progresses of non-oxide manganese and vanadium cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries
Authors: Gao Wujie , Feng Jiayue , Wang Shuaipeng , Wang Tingsheng , Wang Songcan
Published: February 2025

With the over-consumption of non-renewable energy, green and clean renewable energy is inevitably the choice in modern society. In particular, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in automobiles, aviation and other fields due to their high energy density and other advantages. However, lithium reserves are limited, and LIBs have safety hazards, so the development of alternative rechargeable batteries cannot be delayed. Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have a high theoretical specific capacity while ensuring safety, and have been intensively investigated in recent years. The advancement of cathode materials is essential for AZIBs. In this article, the recent development of non-oxide manganese and vanadium cathode materials such as MnS, MnHCF, VN, VSe2 and VS2 for AZIBs is critically reviewed. The emerging strategies for modifying these cathode materials for enhanced electrochemical performance are critically analyzed. Finally, some important achievements of this research field are summarized, and the challenges and future research directions are presented. We hope that this article can shed light on the development of AZIBs.
A scalable, robust and high-sensitivity fiber sensor for real-time body temperature monitoring
Authors: Li Pan , Zhou Jing , Cui Yuyang , Ouyang Jingyu , Su Ziyi , Zou Yuqi , Liang Jun , Wang Fuhong , He Kaidong , Liu Yueheng , Zeng Zihao , Fang Fang , Hou Chong , Zhou Ning , Peng Tianhuan , Yuan Quan , Tao Guangming
Published: February 2025

The fibrous temperature sensor with excellent flexibility, comfort, and ease of integration into fabrics is particularly suitable for body temperature monitoring. However, the detection stability of existing fibrous temperature sensors is greatly affected by external factors such as pressing, bending, twisting, pH, humidity, and human movement. Here, we propose a fibrous temperature sensor based on an optimized scalable ionic liquid immersion process. The proposed sensor exhibited excellent temperature response characteristics, good linearity, a high sensitivity of 2.61%/°C, and can resist disturbances caused by pressing, bending, and twisting deformation. Moreover, it can work normally in acidic and alkaline environments with good reliability and stability. To demonstrate its application potential, we successfully integrated the sensor into firefighter suits, sports wristbands, and infant suits for real-time temperature monitoring and early warning.
Pengaruh Likuiditas, Debt Default, Audit Tenure, dan Ukuran KAP terhadap Opini Audit Going Concern
Authors: Ghani Muhammad Naufal , Utaminingtyas Tri Hesti , Khairunnisa Hera
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the influence of debt default, liquidity, audit tenure, and KAP size on going concern audit opinions. The independent variables analyzed are liquidity, debt default, audit tenure, and KAP size, with the dependent variable being the going concern audit opinion. Data for this research was obtained from www.idx.co.id, concentrating on the basic material sector from 2020 to 2022, specifically focusing on companies that have undergone auditing. A purposive sampling approach was used, resulting in a dataset comprising 234 data points from 78 companies that fulfilled the specified criteria. The study employed logistic regression analysis techniques. Results reveal that liquidity and KAP size have a significant effect on the issuance of going concern audit opinions, while debt default and audit tenure do not have an impact on these opinions. Future studies are recommended to include additional variables that could influence going concern audit opinions to improve the R Square value beyond the findings of this research. Additionally, a sample of companies from different sectors, such as energy, industry, or others, can be utilized to increase diversity. This approach allows us to identify factors that have a more substantial impact on the overall acceptance of going concern opinions
Procedure matters: legislative process in the Procrustean bed of the European Court of Human Rights’ case-law
Authors: Shvets Anna
Published: February 2025

Recent case law of the European Court of Human Rights shows that the Court has not kept apart from the worldwide trend of the “proceduralization of human rights protection”. The Court has clearly shifted its focus to the quality of the decision-making processes of national authorities. Most striking is the Court’s assessment of the legislative processes of member States of the Council of Europe as manifestations of a new democracy-enhancing approach. If the court reaches a positive conclusion on the basis of such an assessment in a particular case, it becomes an indication of the proper exercise by that national parliament of its responsibility to ensure the Convention’s rights and freedoms and may constitute grounds for granting that State a wide-ranging margin of state discretion (margin of appreciation). This raises the question of whether the European Court of Human Rights, in frequently avoiding giving its own evaluation of legislative limits on rights, continues to properly fulfil its basic role of protecting the Convention’s rights and freedoms. Moreover, such practice is of normative importance — the Court in fact sets European standards for the legislative process thereby jeopardizing its own legitimacy. Despite the serious challenges being faced by the ECtHR, its attention to the legislative process has not diminished. However, we are still not very familiar with the Court’s approach, largely because of the inconsistency and opacity of its case law. In order to broaden the understanding of the Court’s approach to the evaluation of the legislative process and its criteria, the author uses an automated content analysis of the Court’s rulings. This method has allowed analysis of the large mass of cases in order to identify ECtHR rulings in which the international court has resorted to procedural arguments in assessing the conformity with the Convention of a general measure introduced by the legislature. A qualitative study of this qualitative analysis has made it possible to provide a truer measure of broad patterns in the Court’s case law dealing with assessments of national legislative processes and to examine deviations in the relevant practice of the Court.
Freedom of Expression Justifications Challenges in the Cyberspace
Authors: Sajó András
Published: February 2025

The internet and social media have created an opportunity, be it a pretext or a moral urge, to challenge the very legitimacy of free speech as we know and respect it. The challenge to traditional free speech justifications is of crucial importance for our understanding of democracy. The free flow of ideas has the potential to restrict democracy, more than ever. (But the more you protect democracy by restricting “troubling” speech, the less democracy you will have.) The article reviews speech theories in the social media context. Consequentialist and non-consequentialist (deontological) justifications are reviewed they yield different levels of protection and the scope of free speech varies depending on the theory. The decentralized structures of the web enable the activity of enormous masses of speakers and interactive listeners. Compared to the television age this promises a more popular and populist democracy. The discourse is more popular and personal too, with vulgar consequences. Today we face a different, probably more fundamental, challenge coming from the internet and social media, which allow ordinary private communication to reach a large audience, often with the power of images. This new challenge may tempt even the unwilling legislator and the judge to go beyond the axiom that speech is a fundamental individual right. And the rethinking occurs in a world of heightened sensitivity. The heightened sensitivities of those hurt by internet and social media filth or simple unflattering presentations and criticism mobilizes them to build up evidence of the harms of free speech. It is in this speech-hostile environment that a process of regulatory rethinking begins. The article rejects the reintroduction of interferences which were applied in broadcasting in the days of spectrum scarcity. But this does not solve the problem of large-scale offensive speech which is confronted by many people who feel vulnerable and take offense personal and also of widespread vulgar, fake and directly or structurally harmful speech (discriminatory speech. An increasing number of scholars, politicians and internet users see offensive Internet expression as “low value” speech, unworthy of protection. Such devaluing of speech encourages increased censorship and reduces the freedom of valuable speech. A general regulatory power imposed on the service providers or applied directly by the state will affect all opinion formation online, as political opinions are formed in private encounters. Private opinions of citizens do matter in a fundamental way for the political structure of democracy.
Premature mortality in individuals living with type 2 diabetes in Jalisco, Mexico, 2011-2019
Authors: Palacio-Mejía Lina Sofía , Álvarez-Aceves Mariana , Ramírez-Knape Nils , Guzmán-Sandoval Leslie , Mejía-Arias Miguel Ángel , Morales-Carmona Evangelina , Espín-Arellano Lucino Iván , Tamayo-Ortiz Marcela , Tamayo-Orozco Juan Alfredo , Lastiri-Quirós H Santiago , Hernández-Ávila Mauricio , Hernández-Ávila Juan Eugenio
Published: February 2025

Objective. To estimate survival outcomes in a population living with diabetes, screened for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to describe characteristics associated with premature mortality using data from an administrative cohort in Jalisco, Mexico. Materials and methods. Using an administrative cohort design, we investigated the 8-year cumulative mortality associated with CKD. We linked screening with mortality data and described population characteristics by CKD stage, computed years of life lost (YLL), and performed Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models to analyze survival and mortality risk factors. Results. At screening, 44% of the cohort exhibited impaired renal function. The mortality rate stood at 14%, 2.5% linked to CKD; 8.7% were premature deaths, accumulating 8 036 YLL. Eight-year survival was 93% for individuals with normal renal function at screening, decreasing to 41% for those with glomerular filtration rate below 30 mL/min/1.73m², albumin-creatinine ratio >300 mg/dl, increased years since diabetes diagnosis, hypertension, amputations, retinopathy, and smoking were associated with higher mortality risk; female sex and obesity with a lower risk. Conclusion. The high prevalence of renal impairment in this cohort and its association with high mortality underscores the critical importance of timely detection and protocolized intervention for CKD to mitigate this burden.
Internal migration seeking medical care for prostate cancer
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Jesús Gibran , Reyes-Morales Hortensia , Lajous Martín , Arenas Paola , Rodríguez-Covarrubias Francisco , Manzanilla-García Hugo , Mohar Alejandro , Torres-Sánchez Luisa Elvira
Published: February 2025

Objective. To characterize the migratory flow of Mexican men affiliated to Seguro Popular (SP) seeking medical care for prostate cancer (PC). Materials and methods. The administrative base for the treatment of incident CP (5 526 men) funded by the SP (2012-2016) was used. Oncological risk at diagnosis (low, intermediate, high) was estimated based on prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, and clinical stage. Spatial network analysis and centrality measures were used to identify the health migratory flow. Results. 1 369 men sought treatment outside their state of residence, all of them with a diagnosis of PC (25%), mainly <65 years of age, high-risk PC, and residents of highly marginalized municipalities. Throughout the study period, Mexico City (closeness-in=0.34) received the largest number of patients (importance-in=1 082) from 26 different states (degree-in=26). This flow was more evident in patients with a high-risk PC, mainly towards hospitals with a high degree of specialization in cancer. Conclusions. A centralized migration (with two potential migration patterns) in search of treatment for PC was observed, mainly in men with high-risk PC.
Thermal Effect on the Breakdown Pressure of Granite in Supercritical CO2 Fracturing: Experimental Study and Model Validation
Authors: Liu Shuyuan , Zhu Wancheng , Liu Heyang , Wei Chenhui , Zhang Xiufeng , Liu Zhengdong
Published: February 2025

Breakdown pressure (Pb) is a key parameter in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) fracturing technology. A limited understanding of the thermal effects resulting from the difference between SC-CO2 and reservoir temperatures impedes accurate Pb prediction. In our work, fracturing experiments were conducted on granite to analyze the impacts of temperature and injection rate in terms of the thermal effects on Pb. Additionally, we establish an effective Pb prediction model that considers thermal effects, achieving a low error rate relative to the experimental data. As the temperature increases from 308 to 328 and 348 K, the experimental Pb decreases by 8.34% and 20.35%, respectively. The rising temperature reduces the viscosity and pressurization rate of SC-CO2, thereby increasing the stress caused by the infiltration effect, which is inversely related to Pb. As the temperature difference increases from 0 to 20 and 60 K, the experimental Pb decreases by 3.27% and 13.19%, respectively. The thermal stress induced by these temperature differences negatively impacts Pb, and increases in temperature difference enhance thermal stress and weaken the pore pressure at the characteristic length dw. As the injection rate increases from 30 to 50 and 70 mL/min, the experimental Pb increases by 4.84% and 18.38%, respectively. The weakened infiltration effect and reduced thermal stress at dw increase the Pb under faster injection rates. Increased temperature differences and lower injection rates significantly reduce the breakdown pressure of low-permeability rocks due to combined thermal stress and fluid infiltration but have relatively minor effects on high-permeability rocks.