bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polifonía narrativa en la novela histórica De Santa Anna a la Reforma de Victoriano Salado Álvarez
Authors: Sánchez Robles María Guadalupe
Published: December 2019

Este artículo estudia el discurso de Juan Pérez de la Llana como modelo del Yo narrador y su importancia autobiográfica. El “Yo” que aparece en esta novela se torna más verosímil cuando se observa la presencia de otros narradores como Nicolás Cuevas, Buenaventura Ortiz y Rafael Herrera, que modifican la enunciación del primero. También se puede apreciar cómo los niveles estamentales como la genealogía pueden estar aunados al discurso narrativo para así encontrar el anhelado del poder sociocultural al resaltar características como la nobleza, la riqueza y la fama. Por consiguiente, estos elementos se presentan como parte de los valores sociales y estamentales que están en el trasfondo del discurso narrativo, pero esta visualización de la actuación del narrador y su discurso permitirá validar o sustentar la acciones o hechos que acontecen en torno a la historia como texto autobiográfico e histórico.
DEWAN REDAKSI
Authors: Redaksi Dewan
Published: December 2019

Susunan Redaksi

Jurnal Manajemen & Bisnis Kreatif

Pelindung : Dr. H. Dedi Mulyadi, S.E., M.M.

Ketua Penyunting : Sari Marliani, S.E.,M.M.

Dewan Penyunting : - H. Tarpan Suparman, S.Pd.,M.Pd (UBP Karawang)

- Nelly Martini, S.E., M.M. (Unsika)

- H. Acim Supriadi, S.E.,M.M. (UBP Karawang)

- Rahmat Hasbullah, S.E., M.M. (Unsika)

- Abdul Yusuf, S.E., M.M. (Unsika)

- Yudin Wahyudin, S.E., M.M. (STIE YPN)

- Jajang Sugiat, S.E.,M.M. (STIE Yasa Anggana)

- Yudi Suwandi, S.E., M.M. (STIE Ekuitas)

Penyunting Pelaksana : - Ajat Sudrajat, S.E., M.M.

- Ina Ratnasari, SE., M.M.

Sirkulasi dan Pemasaran : - Chandra Zonyfar, S.Kom

- Yogi Ginanjar

- Alifya Nurzehan

Diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat

Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Alamat Redaksi :

Jl. HS Ronggowaluyo Telukjambe Timur Karawang 41361

Telp. / Fax. 0267 8403140 email : jurnalmanajemen@ubpkarawang.ac.id

Website : journal.ubpkarawang.ac.id
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA PEGAWAI SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN (STIKES) KHARISMA KARAWANG
Authors: Supriadi Dedi , Riswana Endang
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAKSI

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (STIKES) Kharisma Karawang dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Populasi yaitu seluruh objek penelitian (Arikunto, 2002 : 108). Dalam penelitian ini populasinya berjumlah 47 orang, maka semua sampel yang kurang dari 100 dapat diambil semua sehingga penelitian ini disebut penelitian populasi atau penelitian survey. Variabel penelitian dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua variabel yaitu variabel bebas (independent variable) dan variabel terikat (dependent variable). Variabel bebasnya yaitu gaya kepemimpinan yang selanjutnya diberi kode X dan variabel terikatnya yaitu motivasi kerja yang selanjutnya diberi kode Y. Untuk mengetahui besarnya skor kriteria jawaban responden mengenai tingkat gaya kepemimpinan dan motivasi kerja digunakan skala parameter untuk skor terendah yaitu 47 x 1 x 15 = 705 dan skor tertinggi yaitu 47 x 5 x 15 = 3.525. Salah satu instrumen yang sering dipakai dalam penelitian ilmiah adalah angket, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendapat seseorang mengenai sesuatu hal, dalam penelitian ini mengenai gaya kepemimpinan sebagai variabel bebas (idenpendent variable) dan motivasi kerja sebagai variabel terikat (dependent variable). Hasil rekapitulasi skor jawaban responden mengenai motivasi kerja pegawai STIKES Kharisma Karawang sebesar 3.382, data tersebut berada pada daerah sangat baik (2.961 â€“ 3.525 = sangat baik), artinya tingkat motivasi kerja pegawai berada pada tingkat sangat baik. Nilai Fhitung gaya kepemimpinan (X) lebih besar dari nilai Ftabel (15,272 > 4,07) atau tingkat signifikansi F lebih kecil dari nilai alpha (0,000 < 0,05), dengan demikian bahwa variabel gaya kepemimpinan (X) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel motivasi kerja (Y). Nilai thitung gaya kepemimpinan (X) lebih besar dari ttabel (3,908 > 1,6681) atau tingkat signifikansi thitung lebih kecil dari nilai alpha (0,000 < 0,05), dengan demikian bahwa terjadi penolakan H0 atau penerimaan Ha yang berarti menunjukan adanya pengaruh variabel gaya kepemimpinan (X) secara signifikan terhadap variabel motivasi kerja (Y).
PENGARUH PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN DAN PROMOSI JABATAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA YANG BERDAMPAK PADA PENINGKATAN KINERJA KARYAWAN PERUM PERURI KARAWANG
Authors: Natalina MS Eva Varida
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh bukti-bukti empirik dan menemukan kejelasan fenomena serta kesimpulan tentang pengaruh peran kepemimpinan dan promosi jabatan terhadap motivasi kerja yang berdampak pada peningkatan kinerja karyawan Perum Peruri karawang.

Tesis ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan bagi pengembangan ilmu manajemen khususnya sebagai sumbangan pustaka ilmiah bidang manajemen sumber daya manusia, sebagai bahan referensi dalam penulisan ilmiah, sebagai bahan informasi, baik bagi pimpinan maupun rekan-rekan pada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Karawang dalam pelaksanaan manajemen berbasis kinerja, sebagai bahan pertimbangan dan input dalam mengambil keputusan dan menentukan arah kebijakan.

Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan verifikatif, yaitu: mengumpulkan, menyajikan, menganalisis dan melakukan pengujian hipotesis, serta membuat kesimpulan dan saran.

Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut:

1. Korelasi kepemimpinan dengan promosi mempunyai nilai koefesien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,568.Dengan demikian korelasi peran kepemimpinan dengan promosi jabatan memiliki tingkat korelasi sedang karena berada pada interval 0,40 â€“ 0,599 (Sugiyono:2014:184) dan nilainya positif. Ini menunjukan bahwa jika kepemimpinan dengan promosi mampu meningkatkan kinerja karyawan jika dilakukan sesuai dengan prosedur yang baik dan benar.

2. Besarnya pengaruh kepemimpinan yang secara langsung berpengaruh terhadap motivasi karyawan adalah 23,43%. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis penelitian yang menyatakan â€œkepemimpinan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap motivasi karyawanâ€ dapat diterima.

3. Besarnya pengaruh promosi jabatan yang secara langsung berpengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan adalah 2,56%. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis penelitian yang menyatakan â€œpromosi jabatan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawanâ€ dapat diterima.

4. Secara simultan kepemimpinan dan promosi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja melalui motivasi karyawan sebesar 25,99%. Sisanya yaitu sebesar 74,01% merupakan pengaruh yang datang dari faktor lain.

5. Besarnya pengaruh motivasi kerja karyawan terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah 14,44%. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis penelitian yang menyatakan â€œmotivasi berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawanâ€ dapat diterima.

Kata kunci : Peran Kepemimpinan, Promosi Jabatan, Motivasi, Kinerja Karyawan
ANALISIS PENERAPAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK (SIAKAD) DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN KINERJA PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI AKADEMIK DI UNIVERSITAS SINGAPERBANGSA KARAWANG
Authors: Absi Ani Rahmawati , Isyanto Puji , Sulaeman Eman
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

The aim of research to analyze policies, implementation, performance of academic administrative services, efforts Stakeholders in the supervision of management information systems academic administrative services, and the impact of academic information system (SIAKAD) in an effort to improve the performance of the academic administration at the University Singaperbangsa Karawang.

The thesis is expected to contribute to the bearers of economics in particular; application of academic information system (SIAKAD), Human Resource Management, Information Systems Management, and economics in general. This study uses a qualitative approach to data collection techniques are observation, interviews and in-depth interviews. The results were analyzed by comparing answers interviews with expert informants Judgment and create Conclusions and Recommendations.

From the analysis of research data, be concluded as follows: 1) Policy management Singaperbangsa University Karawang already exists and has been referred to the Higher Education regulations only require better oversight again. 2) University Singaperbangsa Karawang already implementing integrated SIAKAD but still partial. 3) Performance of academic administrative services at the University of Singaperbangsa Karawang good enough after their SIAKAD. 4) Efforts Stakeholders in the supervision of the University Singaperbangsa SIAKAD in Karawang enough and needs to be increased again. 5) The impact of the application of SIAKAD enough to affect the performance of academic administrative services at the University Singaperbangsa Karawang.

Furthermore, the sustainability of recommendation; SOP has been given by the Higher Education dilakuka timely and well as impact on the Quality of Higher Education. Network of SIAKAD needs to be improved. Rules Regulations of Higher Education also greatly affect the performance improvement of the service provider and academic administration. About Integration of reporting systems in each Prodi needs to be implemented immediately. Hopefully, by the Decree of the Rector of the University of Singaperbangsa Karawang to consider remuneration as a reward from the important task.

Keywords: Application, Academic Information Systems, Service Performance.
DEWAN REDAKSI
Authors: Redaksi Dewan
Published: December 2019

Susunan Redaksi Jurnal Manajemen & Bisnis Kreatif

Pelindung : Dr. H. Dedi Mulyadi, S.E., M.M. Ketua Penyunting : Sari Marliani, S.E.,M.M. Dewan Penyunting : - H. Tarpan Suparman, S.Pd.,M.Pd (UBP Karawang) - Nelly Martini, S.E., M.M. (Unsika) - H. Acim Supriadi, S.E.,M.M. (UBP Karawang) - Rahmat Hasbullah, S.E., M.M. (Unsika) - Abdul Yusuf, S.E., M.M. (Unsika) - Yudin Wahyudin, S.E., M.M. (STIE YPN) - Jajang Sugiat, S.E.,M.M. (STIE Yasa Anggana) - Yudi Suwandi, S.E., M.M. (STIE Ekuitas)

Penyunting Pelaksana : - Ajat Sudrajat, S.E., M.M. - Ina Ratnasari, SE., M.M.

Sirkulasi dan Pemasaran : - Chandra Zonyfar, S.Kom - Yogi Ginanjar - Alifya Nurzehan

Diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Alamat Redaksi : Jl. HS Ronggowaluyo Telukjambe Timur Karawang 41361 Telp. / Fax. 0267 8403140 email : jurnalmanajemen@ubpkarawang.ac.id site : lppm.ubpkarawang.ac.id
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA DOSEN STMIK KHARISMA KARAWANG
Authors: Supriadi Dedi , Moeis Noesyirwan , . Dwiono
Published: December 2019

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh motivasi kerja dan kepemimpinan baik secara parsial maupun secara bersama-sama dengan kinerja dosen STMIK Kharisma Karawang. Dalam penelitian ini populasi yang dimaksud adalah seluruh dosen STMIK Kharisma Karawang baik dosen tetap dan dosen tidak tetap. Sampel diambil dari seluruh jumlah dosen sebanyak 35 dosen. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh koefesien korelasi untuk variabel motivasi kerja (X1) terhadap kinerja dosen sebesar 0,827 dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 5%, koefesien korelasi untuk variabel kepemimpinan (X2) sebesar 0,758 dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 5% sedangkan nilai koefisiensi korelasi (R) sebesar 0,779 Atau 77,9% yang berarti mempunyai pengaruh yang kuat antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat, juga diperoleh koefesien detirminasi (R2) sebesar 0,607. Nilai ini dapat ditafsirkan bahwa besarnya persentase mempunyai pengaruh antara variabel motivasi kerja dan kepemimpinan secara bersama-sama dengan kinerja dosen adalah 3,09 Dengan kata lain kontribusi efektif motivasi kerja dan kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja dosen STMIK Kharisma Karawang adalah sebesar 60,7% sedangkan selebihnya 30,3 % dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan sebagai bahan masukan bagi STMIK Kharisma Karawang bahwa kinerja dosen akan membawa perubahan yang lebih baik
The Management Of The Agricultural Structure Of Russia While Maintaining Food Security In The Era Of Globalization
Authors: Soldatova Irina , Ovchinnikov Viktor , Chernishev Michail , Kuznesov Nicolay
Published: December 2019

The main object of this paper is the food safety of the Russian
Federation - it is such a state of the country's economy when food
independence of the Russian Federation is provided, physical and
economic availability of food stuffs, corresponding to the requirements
of Russian Federation legislation in safety and quality, is guaranteed
for the population of the country. Realization of Russia's national
interests in this field is a key problem. Guarantee of food safety is
connected with the overcoming of negative factors which have a complex
character and are caused by the following:
1. considerable increase of threshold value of the criteria of domestic
market saturation by import output, for example, - meat;
2. low level of paying capacity of the population for food stuff;
3. price disproportion at the markets of agricultural, fish output and
food stuff on one side and material-technical resources on the other;
4. disturbance of stability of financial-credit system;
5. insufficient level of development of domestic market infrastructure;
6. moral and physical aging of material-technical basis of
agro-industrial and fishery complexes;
7. insufficient level of innovation and investment activities;
8. reduction of national genetic resources.
Is Origin Denomination an Important Marketing Strategy? The Case of Spanish Wine Industry
Authors: Navarro Luis , Pastor Jesus , Pastor Ana Clara , Archanco Adrian
Published: December 2019

This investigation work consists on an analysis with the model European Customer Satisfaction Index (ECSI), in order to know the influence that has belonging to an Origin Denomination in the wine sector. So, we’ve made a marketing research directed to the particular case of Somontano’s Wine Origin Denomination which acts as an “umbrella” brand for many wineries of Aragón (Spain). Simultaneously these wineries have their wines under different brands. This study tries to find out if to belong to a DO benefits the wineries. Possibly “strong” wineries improve the image of Somontano’s DO and other wineries of the zone. Young wineries benefit themselves with the image old ones have earned. It brings us to a question about if DO Somontano and their customers satisfaction are related or not. Model ECSI allows us to determine consumers’ satisfaction aabout a certain product or service. It also demonstrates the relations existing between satisfaction and other factors that take part on purchase.
Does the Law of One Price Hold in a High-Inflation Environment? A Tale of Two Cities in Turkey
Authors: Akkoyunlu Sule , Siliverstovs Boriss
Published: December 2019

This study addresses price convergence in two cities in Turkey (Istanbul and Ankara) using the annual data over the three quarters of the 20th century (1922â€“1998), characterized by prevailing high inflation rates for most of the period. In contrast to the rest of the literature addressing convergence in price
levels with a typical result of extremely slow convergence rates at best, we argue that convergence is much easier detected in growth rates rather than levels of prices. We suggest using the bounds testing procedure of Pesaran et al. (2001) for this purpose. We find a clear-cut evidence on the existence of a
common driving force behind inflation dynamics in Istanbul and Ankaraâ€”a finding that is intuitively appealing from the point of view of economic theory.
Relationship Between Globalization, International Capital Inflows and Financial Crisis in Emerging Countries and Alternative Fiscal Policies
Authors: Gedikli Ayfer
Published: December 2019

Globalization which started to improve since 1980’s, has caused many beneficial and harmful effects and unexpected changes both in the world economy and in economical structures of countries. Globalization affected not only economical structures but also social life, politics, and even cultures. On the other hand, while globalization was presenting “opportunities” to emerging countries, it also brought heavy risks and severe problems to them. Parallel to those improvements, globalization gave rise to international capital inflows. Emerging countries which have poor economical conditions, found international capital as “life ring” since the capital was their greatest problem for the development of their economies. Unfortunately, in a short time, the dream turned into a “nightmare” and finally financial crises came true back to back and they spread all over the world with the domino effect.
In this article, relationship between the globalization, international capital inflows and the financial crises which increased a lot parallel to improvement of globalization will be discussed. Beside the destructive effects of financial crises on economies, some financial policies to protect from the crises will be suggested.
The Effects Of 2008 Global Crisis On Eurasian Countries' Economies
Authors: Özer Bilal , Karaağaç Alper , Önden Ismail
Published: December 2019

With the ongoing technological progress new transportation and communication channels have emerged, and interactions between people and therefore states has increased significantly. As a consequence of this development the concept of globalization, meaning the disappearance of the boundaries between states, has arisen. Thus the process of integration between the economies of states has started, which increased the dependency and interaction of the state economies. Hence, an economics crisis appearing in a particular state effects all of the countries integrated to this integrated system.

In this study it is aimed to research that in what degree the Eurasian economies are integrated to the world economy, and affected from the recent economic crisis. The changes of the growth rates of the economies of Eurasian states during the crisis have been considered in order to employ them in the analysis of these affects. Moreover, by considering the basic economic indicators of those states such as unemployment rate, consumer price index, budget deficit, current deficit, it is aimed that to reach a general view of those states economic positions.
Turkey's Trade with Central Asian Countries: A Comperative Analysis with Iran and Germany
Authors: Çeviker Abdullatif , Mutlu H. Murat , Taş İsmail
Published: December 2019

In this study, composition and volume of goods traded will be analyzed by using proportions and trends, to determine the level of commercial partnership of Turkey, Iran and Germany with central Asian countries. Moreover, Turkey's relative position against Iran and Germany will be determined and introduced by using technological structure of export and import data. In the study covering the years of 1999-2008, data for the foreign trade at the level of the SITC 2 was collected from COMTRADE.
According to the findings, approximately 70% of Turkey’s exports to Central Asia occur lower and middle technology product groups but Germany's exports consist of medium and high technology product groups. Iran’s exports from the region include primary, source based and low-tech product group. Turkey and Germany's import from the region is dominated by raw material product groups. Iran’s structure of import is similar with export structure.
Is Eurasia Energy Association Possible?
Authors: Haydaroğlu Ceyhun , Zarplı Çağdaş
Published: December 2019

The end of the Soviet hegemony over the Eurasia region after the dissolution of Soviet Union and the terrorist attacks targeting the USA in 11 September 2001, posed a threat for energy transfer. In addition to these, the instable situation in the Middle East brings forward the search for the alternate energy sources. The interest in the energy issue was directed to Eurasia from Middle East. The integration attempts such as energy association between the countries in the Eurasia region, lead up to utilize the resources they have more productively and economic development by promoting the trade within the region. The solution seeking of the countries in Eurasia to the problems in the region and the survival attempts in the growing global competition gave cause for the necessity to make regional cooperation agreements between countries in the region. Considering the fact that the nations in the Eurasia should utilize the resources in the Eurasia in spite of the fact that the USA uses force, the local constituent of Eurasia began to respond. In this context, the object of the study is to develop a point of view for establishing Eurasia Energy Association by discussing the possibility of the integration attempts in the region in a political and economic sense. Solutions will be offered in the following steps with a situation analysis of political and economic conditions necessary for establishing a Eurasia Energy Association, obstacles to establish the desired energy association in the Eurasia region and the encouraging facts.
Kyrgyzstan: The Hard way to Recovery
Authors: Koychuev Turar
Published: December 2019

The paper analyzes the reasons of the overturn in the power in April 2010, considers the economical difficulties, the country is facing on, the present condition of the economy and its perspectives. It indicates the priorities of the Kyrgyz foreign economic activity. The problems of governing over the economy and social-economical policies are considered.
The world economic crisis, undoubtedly, has influenced on the economy of the country. Reduction of international financial resources decreased inflow of foreign investments in the country. The financial crisis influenced on the demand of our export. The import of manufacturing and consumer goods decreased, whereas our republic is very dependent from import. The crisis influenced on technological modernization and renewal of production. In addition, the crisis in our country could provoke to growth of corruption.
Nevertheless all these negative conditions could move us to positive solutions. The economy of the country must find effective methods for using internal investments, accumulate them in government and private founds for this could secure the economy in risky situations. It is time to create efficient system of ruling over the economy and activity of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Some Major Causes of Current Economic Crises and Leadership Strategies
Authors: Şen Asım
Published: December 2019

This paper argues that economic inequality is one of the major causes of the current economic crises and provides some appropriate leadership strategies for solving them. Inequality is defined as unequal opportunities for economical activities among the people of a nation and among the nations of the world. The major cause of most current economic crises is the income and wealth inequality which are generated mainly by the economic growth. Leaders in the past and currently could not utilize appropriate strategies to solve the inequality problems and consequently the economic crisis grew and reached the current levels.
In order to solve the current economic crises it is necessary to eliminate the economic inequality problems and establish fair and sustainable economic growth. The leadership strategies play crucial role for this process. These strategies included in this paper are establishing the local and global shared vision for all; balancing the income and wealth distribution; providing the equal opportunities for education and employment; sharing the production and consumption; and maintaining the fair and sustainable globalization and economic growth.
Exports, Imports and Economic Growth in Iran: An Application of Bounds Test Approach to Cointegration
Authors: Heidari Hassan , Davoudi Narmin
Published: December 2019

This paper examines the long-run relationship between exports, imports and economic growth in Iranian economy using annual data over the period of 1960-2007. As Iran is an oil-exporting country, and oil-export boom has a direct impact on the import demand function, and it leads to higher levels of consumption that impact on growth, we emphasize the role of the imports variable in this investigation. Moreover, following recent studies about importance of human capital in endogenous growth models, we extend Feder's model (1982) by entering a proxy for human capital. As Iranian economy has been subject to numerous shocks and regime shifts, we apply Bai and Perron (2003) test to detect any possible endogenous structural breaks. Hence, investigating data properties by concerning structural breaks shows that our variables are not in the same order of integration. This property convince us to use Bounds Test approach to cointegration developed by pesaran et, al. (2001) where it can be applied irrespective of order of integration of the variables. Finally, being sure about existence a long-run relationship between variables, ARDL approach and ECM employed to argue about short-run and long-run coefficient. The results reveal that while there is significant positive relationship between exports and economic growth, the effect of imports is insignificant and also human capital has a negative effect on growth both in short and long run.
An Analysis of 2008 Global Crisis through Comparative Economic Performance on CIS and Baltic States
Authors: Erdoğan Savaş , Ay Ahmet , Gerçeker Mustafa
Published: December 2019

With the collapse of USSR in 1991 all countries declared their independence and started to integrated to the World Economy. Since then these countries have made so many effort to developing their economies. This effort exist through economic growth performance and significant improvement of growth dynamics. For these reason, it will be analysis comparatively countries performance through growth rates and growth dynamics.
In this paper CIS and Baltic States, which is leaved from USSR, economic performance will be evaluate on economic growth, unemployment rate, inflation rate, foreign trade volume and FDI indicators etc. with TOPSIS method. This paper especially search on 2007 and 2008 crisis whether or not equally effect these countries economic performance.
Mass Migration Process between Turkey’s Eastern Regions and Seaboard-Western Regions
Authors: Bakırtaş Tahsin , Kandemir Orhan
Published: December 2019

In the study, the aim is to analyze the economic causes of the migration phenomenon that is the most important problem of today’s Turkey, and to suggest different policy proposals for the solution of the problem. Within this frame, by accepting sixteen cities that receive high rates of migration according to arithmetical average of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 periods indicated in the Address-Based Population Registration System as “center of attraction”, migration movements from eastern cities and from cities apart from eastern cities (western cities) to these sixteen cities of “center of attraction” were analyzed separately. In order to explain migration that oriented to centers of attraction, a multiple regression model that is convenient with international literature was formed. In this model, the number of enterprise that represents employment opportunity, the number of green card holders that represents poverty related to low income, the number of illiterates that represents lack of education and lastly the number of criminals that represents unrest were taken as independent variables. According to analysis results, independent variables that are used in the model explained migration process in both eastern cities and western cities as above 90%. On the other hand, when the coefficient rates of independent variables are examined, it was revealed that the most important determinant in economic migration is the employment opportunity. Consequently, making only income increasing social aids in regions where migration to other cities takes place is not sufficient; in addition to that, increasing employment opportunities is a healthier and a long-term solution.
A Study on the Entry Strategies Related with Risk Management of Turkish Companies to the Emerging Economies
Authors: Anil Keskin Duygu , Anil Ibrahim , Canel Cem
Published: December 2019

There is a wide literature about companies’ entry-modes (acquisition and greenfield) and ownership preferences (JV and WOS) that they use while investing abroad. In terms of these entry- modes, the explanation capacity of Institutional Theory, Transaction Cost Theory and Resource Dependency Theory have been measured by several studies. However, when these strategies are evaluated separately their explanation capacity decreases. Therefore, new approaches are used. One of these new approaches by Dunning states that the explanation capacity of these theories would be enhanced by integrating them. Dunning argues that these theories would be integrated by accepting that ownership advantages would be assessed as resource dependency theory, location advantages would be assessed as institutional theory and internalization advantages would be assessed as transaction cost theory. This Eclectic approach is used in this study in terms of the interactions of three different approaches.

Entry modes with multiple theories would be more effective than a single theory in order to explain the entry modes of these companies. In this study, entry strategies of Turkish companies to the Russia Federation, Balkan Countries and Central Asia are explained, compared and discussed in terms of these theories. The aim of this study is to contribute to the relevant literature by understanding which entry strategy would explain the behavior of Turkish companies while investing in other developing countries.
An Analysis of Kyrgyz Manufacturing Industry by Using Input-Output Techniques
Authors: Özdil Tuncer , Turdalieva Ainura
Published: December 2019

As is known, there are various economies on the Eurasian continent area, which differ from each other by structure, potential and growth performance. Region's development depends on those economies growth and relationship between them. Viewed from this perspective, it’s become actual for Kyrgyzstan to research and evaluate the importance of manufacturing industry contribution to the economy. Given article aimed to study the reached stage in the process of manufacturing industry development, the position in the economy and economic policy tools, recommendations that will bring solutions to the identified problems. Research based on input-output analysis and as basic data used input-output tables prepared for the year 2005 and 2008 by the National Statistics Committee of Kyrgyz Republic. In the paper calculated the linkages among the industrial sector, direct and indirect sectoral demands, defining key sector for Kyrgyzstan’s Economy and explained sectoral analysis of production structure. For a better assessment of manufacturing industry, in paper discussed its structure, properties, dynamic aspects of change. The results are as follows: manufacturing industry inadequate in the economy and externally dependent; economy-wide inter-sectoral interaction is weak; manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products; manufacture of chemical products; manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products; manufacture fabricated metal products; manufacture of machinery and equipment calculated as key sectors. Also they are Kyrgyzstan's economy locomotive for economic growth among the other sectors. Therefore, realization of investments will stimulate the production capacity increase of manufacturing industry, strengthening of intersectoral relationships and stable macro-economic planning are important for achieve economic growth.
Competitiveness of Turkey in Eurasia: A Comparison with CIS Countries
Authors: Karaalp Orhan Hacer Simay
Published: December 2019

The main aim of this paper is to examine international competitiveness of Turkey both in world market and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) in comparison with Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and to determine the value of trade between Turkey and CIS countries. The Revealed Comparative Advantage, Grubel-Lloyd (IIT) and Trade Intensity indices were calculated for sixteen commodity groups over the period 1996–2008 by using WTO data. The results suggest that Turkey is more competitive in CIS market and has comparative advantage in various products. Turkey has comparative advantage not only in agricultural products, food, manufactures, automotive products, textile and clothing as the world market but also in chemicals, pharmaceuticals, machinery-transport equipment, office-telecom equipment and telecommunications vis-à-vis CIS countries. CIS countries exhibit similar comparative advantages in the world market. CIS countries have comparative advantage particularly in fuels and mining products, agricultural products, food, iron and steel but in a decreasing trend. The IIT results indicate that while Turkey approaches intra-industry specialization in agricultural products, food and textile but also manufacture products such as iron and steel, telecommunications equipment, machinery-transport and automotive products. CIS countries’ economy indicates increasing intra-industry trade in agriculture products, food manufactures, iron and steel. It is found that there is an intense relationship between Turkey and CIS countries except Belarus. Bilateral trade flow between Turkey and Azerbaijan, Kyrgyz Republic and the Georgia is extremely larger than these countries’ importance in world trade.
The Tourism Sector at Creating Employment and the Effects of 2008 Global Crisis on Turkey's Tourism Employment
Authors: Sarı Çallı Didar , Uçar Zefure
Published: December 2019

Tourism is one of the largest sectors in the world, providing over 235 million employment oppurtunities in global platform and having 9,2% of GDP (WTTC, 2010:a).
The seasonal nature of tourism industry, rapid changes in working conditions, formal lacks in work contracts of many small businesses etc. are the complicating factors at providing stable employees in the sector (Eurostat et al., 2008:50). Despite these difficulties, in the tourism sector, -which’s making positive effects with its labour intensive nature and multiplier effects in various industries-, new job opportunuties influencing positively to the region’s and countries’ economic structure and even the overall economic structure.
According to the barometer published by UNWTO, 2009 Global Economic Crisis effected tourism industry globally negatively with 4,2% decline at the number of incoming tourists and tourism revenues from $942 million to $852 million* at 2009 (UNWTO, 2010:a). On the data of Turkey, 3,2% decline at tourism revenues despite 2% growth at the number of incoming tourists is attracting attention(UNWTO, 2010:b).
By 2008, the direct employment that created Travel&Tourism Industry in Turkey is occured as 436.6 thousands while it’s estimated that it’ll rise to 443.1 thousands in 2009 and to 447.5 thousands in 2010 (WTTC, 2010:b).
In this paper, creating employment of tourism sector and the importance of it is emphasized while it’s aiming to analyse the effects of 2009 Global Economic Crisis to Turkey’s Tourism Employment via secondary data.
New Shared Strategic Approaches for Balanced Energy Management in Eurasian Countries
Authors: Marşap Akın , Narin Müslüme , Özcan Irfan
Published: December 2019

Energy can play a kind of major role for improving life quality and providing sustainable developments is one of the basic inputs of economic and social progress all of the Eurasian countries. It is necessary for improving of the Eurasia countries to providing continuous clean energy, requires to create a suitable market atmosphere. Energy demand is increasing by quick growing up and increase of population of global economy. Most of the increased of energy demand is going to provide by using fossil fuels that are coal, petroleum and like a natural gas. At the end of using these types of fuels creating greenhouse gas emissions that is creating climate changes so it is a major reason of ecological environmental and climate changes is effecting life securities in all areas. With this threat of global warming becoming increasingly urgent, to provide economic development and expectation in healthy environment for future life quality is bringing usage of clean energy resources in front plan. It is a kind of requirement for providing clean energy we need to transforming a unique understanding of using energy resources most economically and effectively. We need to guidance on how to achieve a clean and competitive energy future usage management in renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources-such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat-which are renewable for Eurasia countries. In this study, we are evaluating of energy management and alternative and renewable clean energy source management for common strategic approaches for Eurasian countries.
Foreign Capital in Russia and Hong Kong: Postmortem of International Financial Crisis
Authors: Gazioğlu Şaziye , Başdaş Ülkem
Published: December 2019

This paper studies the relation among real stock returns, real capital flows and real exchange rate starting from a theoretical model. The model predicts that the capital inflows affect the real exchange rate and stock returns. Besides, there is an asymmetry between the effect of capital inflows and outflows on real exchange rate causing a “Debt Trap”. In this paper, we compare the evidence from Russia and Hong Kong. The empirical findings confirm the theoretical model for all three countries.
Economies of Turkic Republics after 2008 Global Crisis and their Commercial Relations with Turkey
Authors: Narin Müslüme , Marşap Akın
Published: December 2019

In 2008, world economy has faced with the largest crisis, since the great depression in1929. The economic crisis, which started at financial markets, has turned into dramatic occasion in the second half of 2008 and got under control real economy. As a result of globalism, this crisis has affected developing economies as much as developed economies. Growth rate of Turk Republics and Turkey has decreased with the effect of the crisis.
The aim of this paper is to analyze Turkic Republics economies after global crisis and their commercial relations with Turkey. By this way, first the causes of the global crisis and its effects on world economy will be focused and then, all of the economical situation of the Turkic Republics and global crisis has affected on its will be discussed. Finally, Turkic Republics commercial relations with Turkey will be inquired.
Credit Behaviour of Banks in the European Union in the Wake of Global Economic Crisis
Authors: Polouček Stanislav
Published: December 2019

Recent financial crises hit many countries. The impact on Visegrad countries in credit area was not damaging. The main reason was stability and soundness of financial (banking) sectors in these countries and an adequate response of central banks as well as flexible management of commercial banks. Commercial banks, usually daughter companies of western banks, used above all domestic deposits for financing credits. This played a key role in credit area and helped to keep the financial system stable. It is important to underpin that responses to the crisis have been rather heterogeneous in central European countries and there are quite big disparities among Visegrad countries, too. In the paper developments and responses of the commercial banks to the crisis and their stability have been discussed on the basis of deposits, loans of monetary financial institutions to the non-financial sector, households, governments, lending for house purchase and credit for consumption in several EU countries. Net position of banks vis-á-vis foreign banks is taken into account, too.
An Alternative Foreign Trade Market for Turkey: The Eurasian Economic Community
Authors: Öngel Volkan
Published: December 2019

The Eurasian Economic Community (EEC) is an international organization that has been created by five Commonwealth of İndependent States countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan) on October 10th,2000. The object of this organization was promote the creation of a customs union and the common economic space. After ten years in 2010, three countries (Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan) made a custom union agreement as a second step. And the target is to establish a common economic space by 1 January 2012, a single market for goods, investment and labor. This custom union creates a common market of 170 million people with a $2 trillion economy, $900 billion trade and 90 billion barrels of oil reserves.
This three countries have a strategic geopolitical position, rich producer goods reserves:especially oil and natural gas. The economic structure of this three countries can be explain as consumer goods importer, producer goods exporter. This is the exact opposite of European Union economic structure.
Therefore, this paper argues that The Eurasian Economic Community would be a good foreign trade market alternative of EU for Turkey. Hence this paper tries to analyse the trade opportunities of this market for Turkey’s export. This paper based on the statistical foreign trade datas of relevant countries.
Political and Economic Integration of the Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkish Republics into the Global World
Authors: Azer Özlem Arzu
Published: December 2019

With the dissolution of Soviet Union, former Soviet Republics’ central planned economy transformed into free market economy and structural reforms were made as parallel of this development. These former socialist countries have some diffficulties to adopt capitalism due to absence of some fundamental feautures of capitalism and inheritance of Soviet Union.
Ending big threat of communism, the jeo-strategical importance of the region increased for the West because these countries own the oil and gas resources besides they are starting point or transit country of the energy pipelines. However, these transition countries could not develop economically and poverty became the major problem for most of Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkic Republics. As economic problems lead weakness of governance, ethnical conflicts and border conflicts threat these new independent countries. The region seems in the center of war for power due to rich natural resources and pipelines as well as the connection point to Afghanistan and being the exit to the Black Sea.
This paper seeks economic situations of Central Asian and South Caucasian Turkic Republics which jeo-strategical importance increased due to natural resources and geographic location during Post Cold-War era. This work is based on statistical data provided by United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database (COMTRADE), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), covering the period of 1990-2008 and contains Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan.
Public-Private Partnership and Its Importance for Kyrgyzstan Economy
Authors: Yereli Ahmet Burçin , Kızıltan Mustafa
Published: December 2019

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) means to join forces with public and private bodies. The supplementation to this process by public and private organizations and their gains are ab-initio subjected with an agreement. Thereby the government activate the market dynamics in order to supply some public goods without using budget resources. In this paper, the significance of public-private partnership will be emphasized and will discuss which projects are eligible and how will they be realized and what kind of co-operations will take place by PPP projects in Kyrgyzstan.
An Evaluation of Independence of Kazakhstan Economy by Input-Output Analysis (2006-2009)
Authors: Özdil Tuncer , Oskonbaeva Zamira , Turdalieva Ainura
Published: December 2019

Input-output analysis is an analytical technique widely used both in developed and developing countries which reflects the production consumption relationships of production sectors of a country’s economy.
At the same time it is the macroeconomic analysis tool that defines economic relations of each sector by production and consumption. During the process of globalization all developed and developing country economies are trying to open their economies in order to provide their economic development. However, the openness can lead to negative consequences in some countries such as increasing their external dependence. In this paper it is aimed to investigate the structure of foreign trade of Kazakhstan and to measure the external dependence of economy.
For this purpose, with the help of input-output tables prepared for the period of 2006-2009, the inverse import matrix will be calculated by using coefficients of foreign trade flows, consequently the import quantities necessary to meet final demand and their changes during the period will be examined. According to the results obtained the potential impact of Kazakhstan’s foreign trade structure on both Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian Turkish Republics will be discussed.
Implications of the Global Financial Crisis on the Banking Sector in Eastern Europe and Baltic States
Authors: Banincova Eva
Published: December 2019

In 2008-09 the banking sectors of four Central and East European States and three Baltic States have experienced a large-scale financial crisis in the EU for the first time since becoming foreign-owned. Amongst the new EU member states Baltic States and Hungary were the worst affected economies.
The paper first explores why the extent of crisis varied among these seven states by distinguishing major differences in the pre-crisis bank lending practices which reflect different macroeconomic developments and exchange rate policies in these states. Based on the analysis of bank performance indicators since 2008 and my interviews with representatives of major banks active in the region, the important role of foreign banks in mitigating the risks of financial contagion is outlined. The implication from the crisis is examined mainly from the perspective of the financial supervision and regulation in the enlarged EU. By inspecting the concrete experience of financial supervision authorities in the Baltic States the paper shows why the host country supervisors were not able to curb excessive lending and risk-taking by large Scandinavian banks. Since it is expected that the new EU regulatory and supervisory framework will reinforce the financial stability in the case of large cross-border banking groups, the paper addresses the issues in the financial crisis prevention, management are resolution in the new EU member states which will improve based on the new EU regulatory and supervisory framework for credit institutions.
An Analysis of Insurance Industry in Turkey
Authors: Kuşcu Sinan , Ravanoglu Galip Afsin
Published: December 2019

Today, insurance is related with every kind of trade, industry and an important part of the social structure. Insurance, in conjunction with securement qualifications, is also an element of trust. In addition, the creator of funds as of the part of economic activities, capital accumulation has become a yardstick to ensure and increase prosperity. Accumulated funds (especially in life insurance), banking and capital markets banker at a leading activities of insurance created. For this reason, insurance one of the most important activities that developed countries dealt with. In other words, there is a strong correlation between insurance activities and economic activities of developed countries with high social level.