bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of COVID-19 on Indian stock market volatility: can economic package control the uncertainty?
Authors: Sreenu Nenavath , Pradhan Ashis Kumar
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The stock market has shown fluctuating degrees of volatility because of the recent COVID-19 pandemic in India. The present research aims to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 on the stock market volatility, and whether the economic package can control the market volatility or not, measured by a set of certain sector-level economic features and factors such as resilience variables.

Design/methodology/approach

We examine the correlation matrix, basic volatility model and robustness tests to determine the sector-level economic features and macroeconomic factors helpful in diminishing the volatility rising because of the COVID-19.

Findings

The outcomes of this study are significant as policymakers and financial analysts can apply these economic factors to set policy replies to handle the unexpected fluctuation in the stock market in sequence to circumvent any thinkable future financial crisis.

Originality/value

The originality of the paper is to measure the variables affecting the stock market volatility due to COVID-19, and understand the impact of capital market macroeconomic variables and dummy variables to theoretically explain the COVID-19 impact on stock market volatility.
Low-carbon eco-city development policy in China: a bibliometric analysis of policy documents
Authors: Huang Xinping , Gao Jie , Zhang Huantao
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The rationality of the selection and application of policy instruments in current policy schemes for promoting the development of low-carbon eco-cities in China is examined and, in view of existing problems, effective suggestions for scientifically and reasonably organizing and designing policy instruments are proposed, which is of great significance to optimize the policy system for the development of low-carbon eco-cities in China and thereby promote sustainable urban development.

Design/methodology/approach

In the study, using 117 policy documents focusing on the development of low-carbon eco-cities issued by the Chinese central government as well as the relevant ministries and commissions between 2010 and 2019 and comprehensively adopting bibliometric and content analysis methods, the contents of policy documents are quantitatively analyzed from three dimensions: policy instrument, policy area and policy target.

Findings

The study finds the following. Ecological environment and low-carbon development are the focus of policy attention. Policy-promulgating institutions have formed a core subnetwork, that is, an “iron triangle.” There exists a structural imbalance in the use of policy instruments, and the distribution of policy instruments in different policy areas exhibits significant differentiating characteristics. Driven by different policy targets, the proportion of the policy instrument types adopted by the government is constantly changing. According to these findings, suggestions are put forward to optimize China's low-carbon eco-city development policy.

Originality/value

(1) A three-dimensional policy analysis framework is conducted from the perspective of policy instrument, which is innovative in theory. (2) This paper finds the selective utilization rationality and evolution rule of China's low-carbon eco-city development policy instruments. (3) Recommendations on optimizing China's low-carbon eco-city development policies are discussed systematically, which plays a theoretical guiding role in optimizing the development policies of low-carbon eco-cities in China.
The moderating influence of error timing on follower perceptions of leader error
Authors: Crayne Matthew P. , Hunter Samuel T.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine how the characteristics of leader errors impact perceptions and reactions of followers, particularly their willingness to follow a leader in the future and perceptions of error severity. Expanding upon the leader error and transgressions literature, this study considers how the timing of an error may influence how the error is interpreted.

Design/methodology/approach

This study’s sample included 283 students engaged in a 2 × 2 factorial designed laboratory experiment. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether error timing moderated the relationship between error type and two outcomes, willingness to follow and perceived error severity.

Findings

Relationship errors resulted in the worst outcomes and perceptions regardless of when they occurred. Task errors were judged as less impactful when occurring early in a task than later in a task. These results suggest that followers are more accepting of task leader errors when they have opportunities to recover from them, but consistently judge relationship errors as damaging.

Practical implications

Organizations should carefully consider the impact of leader errors and their context and develop strategies for error management and recovery.

Originality/value

This research addresses calls from scholars for greater consideration of temporality as a contextual variable in leader-follower dynamics, as well as those to take a more follower-centric approach to leadership research. This study also replicates prior leader error research and extends leader error theories to provide new avenues for future research.
How abusive supervision affect knowledge hiding? The mediating role of employee silence and moderating role of psychological ownership
Authors: Islam Talat , Asif Aiman , Jamil Saqib , Ali Hafiz Fawad
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate how abusive supervisor affects knowledge hiding (KH). Specifically, this study investigates employee silence as a mediating mechanism between abusive supervision and employees’ KH. Further, psychological ownership is examined as a buffer between abusive supervision and employee silence.

Design/methodology/approach

KH has become a major issue for both manufacturing and service sectors. Therefore, this study collected data from 322 employees working in manufacturing and service sectors through “Google Forms” during COVID-19. The respondents were contacted through LinkedIn platform between January and July 2021.

Findings

This study noted that when employees working in high-power distance cultures perceive their leaders/supervisors as abusive, they avoid confrontation and engage in silent behavior, which positively affects their KH behavior. However, employees with a high level of psychological ownership are less likely to respond to their abusive supervisors through silence because such employees feel a greater sense of belongingness and prefer to benefit their organization.

Research limitations/implications

This study used a cross-sectional design that restricts causality. However, the findings of this study suggest management to focus on leadership style to minimize KH at the workplace.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the underlying mechanism (employee silence) and boundary condition (psychological ownership) to explain the association between abusive supervision and KH.
Automated well log depth matching: Late fusion multimodal deep learning
Authors: Torres Caceres Veronica Alejandra , Duffaut Kenneth , Yazidi Anis , Westad Frank , Johansen Yngve Bolstad
Published: April 2022

Petrophysical interpretation and optimal correlation extraction of different measurements require accurate well log depth matching. We have developed a supervised multimodal machine learning alternative for the task of simultaneously matching raw logging while drilling and electrical wireline logging logs. Seven one‐dimensional convolutional neural networks are trained using different log measurements: gamma‐ray, resistivity, P‐ and S‐wave sonic, density, neutron and photoelectric factors, and their depth shift estimates are aggregated using different multimodal late fusion strategies. We test the late fusion average, late fusion weighted average, late fusion with linear and nonlinear learners and model‐level fusion. Depth matching results using the different fusion strategies applied to two unseen wells are compared using visual inspection and the mean Pearson correlation. All models perform well, increasing the correlation after depth matching. Late fusion weighted average achieves the highest scores for all log types. The late fusion weighted average results are compared to a cross‐correlation user‐assisted workflow and manual depth matching for validation. In general, the convolutional neural network fused method exhibits a lower performance than the traditional methods. For one of the wells, the cross‐correlation shows higher correlation values than the other methods but for the second well the manual depth match performs best. However, the differences in Pearson correlation values are small ranging from 0.01 to 0.1. The manual depth match performs very well for the sonic logs, which tend to require slightly larger depth shifts than the other measurements, thus a common depth shift might not always be suitable. Although our convolutional neural network fused approach is limited to estimating bulk shifts and uses constant fusion weights, its performance is similar to that of more time‐consuming methods. Our approach might be substantially improved by including dynamic shifts (stretch/squeeze) and depth‐dependent fusion weights via long‐short‐term memory recurrent neural networks.
Songbird parents coordinate offspring provisioning at fine spatio‐temporal scales
Authors: Baldan Davide , van Loon E. Emiel
Published: April 2022

For parents, rearing offspring together is far from a purely cooperative exercise, as a conflict of interest (‘sexual conflict’) exists over their optimum level of care. Recent theory emphasizes that sexual conflict can be evolutionarily resolved, and complete parental cooperation can occur, if parents directly respond (‘negotiate’) to each other and coordinate their level of care. Despite numerous experiments showing that parents are responsive to each other, we still lack empirical evidence of the behavioural mechanisms by which this negotiation occurs.

In this study, we investigated the spatio‐temporal coordination of parental provisioning behaviour as a possible mechanism of negotiation over parental care.

We deployed an automated radiotracking technology to track the provisioning activity of wild great tit Parus major pairs during chick rearing. Our analyses represent the first detailed spatial and temporal description of foraging coordination in songbird parents in a natural context.

We demonstrate that the foraging behaviour of the two parents is highly coordinated in space and time, with parents changing their foraging locations in conjunction with their partners' movements.

Therefore, foraging coordination could be a mechanism by which parents directly monitor and respond to each other's level of investment.
A comprehensive review of wheat phytochemicals: From farm to fork and beyond
Authors: Tian Wenfei , Zheng Yi , Wang Weiqun , Wang Donghai , Tilley Michael , Zhang Guorong , He Zhonghu , Li Yonghui
Published: April 2022

The health benefits of whole wheat consumption can be partially attributed to wheat's phytochemicals, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkylresorcinols, carotenoids, phytosterols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols. It is of increasing interest to produce whole wheat products that are rich in bioactive phytochemicals. This review provides the fundamentals of the chemistry, extraction, and occurrence of wheat phytochemicals and includes critical discussion of several long‐lasting issues: (1) the commonly used nomenclature on distribution of wheat phenolic acids, namely, soluble‐free, soluble‐conjugated, and insoluble‐bound phenolic acids; (2) different extraction protocols for wheat phytochemicals; and (3) the chemistry and application of in vitro antioxidant assays. This review further discusses recent advances on the effects of genotypes, environments, field management, and processing techniques including ultrafine grinding, germination, fermentation, enzymatic treatments, thermal treatments, and food processing. These results need to be interpreted with care due to varied sample preparation protocols and limitations of in vitro assays. The bioaccessibility, bioavailability, metabolism, and potential health benefits of wheat phytochemicals are also reviewed. This comprehensive and critical review will benefit scientific researchers in the field of bioactive compounds of cereal grains and also those in the cereal food industry to produce high‐quality functional foods.
Landscape effects on the thermotolerance of carabid beetles and the role of behavioral thermoregulation
Authors: Alford Lucy , Roudine Sacha , Pierre Jean‐Sébastien , Burel Françoise , van Baaren Joan
Published: April 2022

Physiological thermotolerance and behavioral thermoregulation are central to seasonal cold adaptation in ectothermic organisms. For species with enhanced mobility, behavioral responses may be of greater importance in the cold stress response. Employing the carabid beetles as a study organism, the current study compared physiological thermotolerance and behavioral thermoregulation in carabid species inhabiting cereal fields in different landscape contexts, from fine grain heterogeneous “complex” landscapes to homogenous “simple” landscapes. Physiological thermotolerance was determined via measurement of the CTmin and chill coma temperature. Behavioral responses to cold temperature exposure were determined employing a purpose built arena, and thoracic temperature measured to estimate the efficacy of the behavior as a form of behavioral thermoregulation. Results revealed an influence of landscape composition on the cold tolerance of carabid beetles, although species differed in their sensitivity to landscape intensification. A reduced effect of landscape on the thermotolerance of larger carabid beetles was observed, thought to be the consequence of greater mobility preventing local acclimation to microclimatic variation along the landscape intensification gradient. Investigation into behavioral thermoregulation of the 3 largest species revealed burrowing behavior to be the main behavioral response to cold stress, acting to significantly raise carabid body temperature. This finding highlights the importance of behavioral thermoregulation as a strategy to evade cold stress. The use of behavioral thermoregulation may negate the need to invest in physiological thermotolerance, further offering explanation for the lack of landscape effect on the physiological thermotolerance of larger carabids.
Edible insects: Challenges and prospects
Authors: van Huis Arnold
Published: April 2022

An overview is given on recent developments in insects as food and food by reviewing the literature which has appeared during the last few years on edible insects. An outlook to the future is provided. About a decade ago, the attention shifted from harvesting insects in the tropics to farming insects all over the world for food and feed applications. Most production is targeted towards pet food, but it will turn to aquafeed in the next two decades. More than 80% of all publications dealing with edible insects appeared during the last five years. Crickets and mealworms are used for human food while the black soldier fly is the main species used as animal feed. The criteria to choose insect species are automation, cheap substrates, disease avoidance, and market potential. Genetics are increasingly explored to improve production. The environmental impact of producing insects compares well to other alternative proteins, in particular their capacity to degrade organic waste streams. Edible insects are not only a good source of nutrients but also seem to provide health benefits not only for humans and animals, but also for plants (left over substrate). The challenge of convincing Western consumers is reviewed and whether sustainability is an issue. Processing techniques are being developed. The sector of insects as food and feed is developing fast thanks to an increasingly conducive legislative framework. It will progress further, provided that the insect industry, academia, governmental organizations, and public society closely cooperate.
Cepharanthine ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium‐induced colitis through modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Wang Hong‐Gang , Zhang Min‐Na , Wen Xin , He Le , Zhang Meng‐Hui , Zhang Jia‐Ling , Yang Xiao‐Zhong
Published: April 2022

Cepharanthine (CEP) is an active alkaloid isolated from Stephania Cepharantha Hayata. It is reported that the anti‐inflammatory properties of CEP could be employed to treat a variety of diseases. In this study, we first found that CEP ameliorates ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by DSS. The effect of CEP on gut microbiota was further evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, antibiotic pretreatment and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Results showed that the abundances of gut microbiota, such as Romboutsia, Turicibacter and Escherichia‐Shigella (especially Romboutsia), were significantly reduced after CEP treatment. Additionally, we explored the mechanisms of CEP by a strategy integrating transcriptomics with network pharmacology. The transcriptome data confirmed that CEP functioned through cytokine and cytokine receptor pathways. The expression levels of 10 pro‐inflammatory hub genes (such as CXCL1, CXCL9, CCL7) were positively correlated with the abundance of Romboutsia. Our data identified Romboutsia as a potential pathobiont in UC. Collectively, we confirmed that CEP relieved colon inflammation by modulating gut microbiota and pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression. CEP can be adopted to design novel effective therapeutic strategies for UC.
A CT‐based radiomics model to predict subsequent brain metastasis in patients with ALK‐rearranged non–small cell lung cancer undergoing crizotinib treatment
Authors: Jiang Yongluo , Wang Yixing , Fu Sha , Chen Tao , Zhou Yixin , Zhang Xuanye , Chen Chen , He Li‐na , Du Wei , Li Haifeng , Lin Zuan , Zhao Yuanyuan , Yang Yunpeng , Zhao Hongyun , Fang Wenfeng , Huang Yan , Hong Shaodong , Zhang Li
Published: April 2022

Background

Brain metastasis (BM) comprises the most common reason for crizotinib failure in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We hypothesize that its occurrence could be predicted by a computed tomography (CT)‐based radiomics model, therefore, allowing for selection of enriched patient populations for prevention therapies.

Methods

A total of 75 eligible patients were enrolled from Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center between June 2014 and September 2019. The primary endpoint was brain metastasis‐free survival (BMFS), estimated from the initiation of crizotinib to the date of the occurrence of BM. Patients were randomly divided into two cohorts for model training (n = 51) and validation (n = 24), respectively. A radiomics signature was constructed based on features extracted from chest CT before crizotinib treatment. Clinical model was developed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Log‐rank test was performed to describe the difference of BMFS risk.

Results

Patients with low radiomics score had significantly longer BMFS than those with higher, both in the training cohort (p = 0.019) and validation cohort (p = 0.048). The nomogram combining smoking history and the radiomics signature showed good performance for the estimation of BMFS, both in the training (concordance index [C‐index], 0.762; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.663–0.861) and validation cohort (C‐index, 0.724; 95% CI, 0.601–0.847).

Conclusion

We have developed a CT‐based radiomics model to predict subsequent BM in patients with non‐brain metastatic NSCLC undergoing crizotinib treatment. Selection of an enriched patient population at high BM risk will facilitate the design of clinical trials or strategies to prevent BM.
Prognostic and predictive impact of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and HLA‐I genotyping in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhu Yanrong , Zhang Bo , Wang Xi , Mo Hongnan , Jiao Yuchen , Xu Jiachen , Huang Jing
Published: April 2022

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become standard‐of‐care in patients with pretreated advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, reliable biomarkers for clinical outcomes are lacking for ICIs. The exploration of effective biomarkers is therefore needed to optimize patient benefit in the treatment of ESCC.

Methods

Sixty‐nine patients with advanced ESCC enrolled at one center from two prospective trials were consecutively analyzed. NLR was dynamically collected and high‐resolution HLA‐I genotyping were performed on genomic DNA. Overall response rate (ORR), median progression‐free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were investigated.

Results

Thirty‐three (47.8%) of 69 patients with baseline NLR ≥4 demonstrated significantly worse clinical outcomes (ORR 9.1% vs. 36.1%, p = 0.018; mPFS 1.8 vs. 3.2 months, hazard ratio [HR] 1.79, p = 0.026; mOS 7.4 vs. 11.0 months, HR 2.28, p = 0.008). An NLR decrease ≥20% at the first radiological evaluation was associated with longer OS (median, 14.0 vs. 7.9 months, p = 0.038). Eleven (15.9%) patients with HLA‐I homozygosity presented poorer clinical outcomes (ORR 0 vs. 27.6%, p = 0.056; mPFS 1.8 vs. 2.4 months, HR 3.37, p = 0.010; mOS 5.6 vs. 10.5 months, HR 3.97, p = 0.004). Patients with baseline NLR ≥4 and HLA‐I homozygosity had the worst outcome (ORR 0; mPFS 1.4 months; mOS 1.8 months) among all. The association between NLR, HLA‐I genotyping and clinical outcomes was independent of programmed death receptor ligand‐1 expression.

Conclusions

NLR and HLA‐I genotyping could have predictive and prognostic value in patients with advanced ESCC receiving camrelizumab, and the combination of biomarkers may help to identify more patient benefit from immunotherapy.
Factors influencing interhospital transfer delays in emergency general surgery: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Young Edward , Khoo Teng‐Wei , Trochsler Markus Ivo , Maddern Guy John
Published: April 2022

Background

Emergency general surgery is an emerging public health issue globally, with substantial healthcare burden. Interhospital transfer of critically unwell surgical patients has been the mainstay of bridging gaps in surgical coverage in regional and rural locations, despite evidence of greater morbidity and mortality. Delays in transfer invariably occurs and compounds the situation. Our aim was to examine the factors influencing interhospital transfer delays in emergency general surgical patients.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMED and EmBase, was performed by two researchers from 2020 to 23rd Feb 2021, for English articles related to interhospital transfer delays in emergency general surgical patients, with an age of >16. Articles were critically appraised and data were extracted into a pre‐specified data extraction form. No data was suitable for statistical analysis and a narrative synthesis was performed instead.

Results

Six relevant articles were identified from the search. All studies were retrospective cohort studies with moderate to high risk of bias. Lack of consultant surgeon input, after hours transfer, need for intensive care bed and poor transfer documentation may have a role in interhospital transfer delays. Patients with public health insurance, multiple comorbidities and non‐emergency medical conditions experience longer transfer request time and may be at risk of precipitating interhospital transfer delays. Transfer delays are seen in transfers over longer distances.

Conclusion

There is a paucity of knowledge on what and how factors influence interhospital transfer delays in emergency general surgical patients. Well‐designed prospective cohort studies are required to bridge this knowledge gap.
A randomised phaseIIstudy of azacitidine (AZA) alone or with Lenalidomide (LEN), Valproic acid (VPA) or Idarubicin (IDA) inhigher‐Risk MDSor low blastAML:GFM's “pick a winner” trial, with the impact of somatic mutations
Authors: Adès Lionel , Duployez Nicolas , Guerci‐Bresler Agnes , Laribi Kamel , Peterlin Pierre , Vey Norbert , Thepot Sylvain , Wickenhauser Stefan , Zerazhi Hacene , Stamatoullas Aspassia , Wattel Eric , Recher Christian , Toma Andrea , Dimicoli‐Salazar Sophie , Braun Thorsten , Beyne‐Rauzy Odile , Marolleau Jean‐Pierre , Cheze Stéphane , Park Sophie , Cluzeau Thomas , Nimubona Stanislas , Bordessoule Dominique , Benramdane Riad , Quesnel Bruno , Amé Shanti , de Botton Stéphane , Chermat Fathia , Preudhomme Claude , Chevret Sylvie , Fenaux Pierre
Published: April 2022

In order to improve the outcome observed with azacitidine (AZA) in higher‐risk Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), its combination with other drugs in MDS must be evaluated. So far, no combination has not been shown to be more effective than AZA alone. AZA‐PLUS was a phase II trial that, in a “pick a winner” approach, randomly assigned patients with higher‐risk MDS, CMML and low blast count AML to: AZA; AZA plus lenalidomide; AZA plus Valproic Acid or AZA plus Idarubicin. 322 patients were included. After six cycles, 69 (21.4%) CR + PR were observed with no benefit from any combination. Median EFS and OS were 17.2 and 19.7 months in the whole cohort, respectively, with no difference across randomised arms. Infection and rates of hospitalisation during the first six cycles were higher in the AZA‐LEN And AZA‐IDA arm, related to increased myelosuppression. Factors associated with better response were IPSS, favourable or intermediate karyotype, haemoglobin, lower circulating blast count, fibrinogen level and lower LDH, while poorer survival was seen in therapy‐related MDS and, in the case ofTP53,PTPN11orCSF3Rmutation. The combinations used did not improve the outcome obtained with AZA alone. However, our “pick a winner” randomised strategy may remain useful with potentially more active drugs to be tested in combination with AZA.
Single‐dose (4.5 mg/m2) gemtuzumab ozogamicin in combination with fludarabine, cytarabine and anthracycline as reinduction therapy in relapsed or refractory paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Dhunputh Chloé , Strullu Marion , Petit Arnaud , Merched Maria , Pasquet Marlène , Azarnoush Saba , Leverger Guy , Ducassou Stéphane
Published: April 2022

Despite major therapeutic improvements, children with relapsed/refractory Acute Myeloid Leukaemia still have poor outcomes and overall survival does not exceed 40%. New treatments are required to improve their outcome; Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), an anti‐CD33 immunoconjugate antibody, is a potent cytotoxic agent whose efficacy has been demonstrated mainly in adults. The main objective of this retrospective multicentre study was to assess the outcome of children treated, between February 2008 and August 2019, with GO at a single 4.5 mg/m2 dose, in combination with Fludarabine, Cytarabine and antssshracyclines, in context of a first relapse (n = 26) or refractory disease (n = 3). The remission rate was 83% (24/29 children) and 20 children (69%) were allografted. With a median follow‐up of 1.2 years (range: 0.1–8), the overall survival was 49% (CI95% = 33; 72). Most common adverse event was febrile neutropenia with microbiological identification in 55% of cases. Veno‐occlusive disease occurred in 6 patients (21%), of which 5 subvened after bone marrow transplantation, and resolved within 2–32 days (median 10.5 days). Administration of GO in combination with FLA‐anthracyclines chemotherapy appears to be a good reinduction regimen for relapsed or refractory AML with a good safety profile. These results warrant larger prospective study.
Transcranial direct current stimulation for migraine: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hong Peiwei , Liu Yao , Wan Yang , Xiong Hai , Xu Yanming
Published: April 2022

Background

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising method for migraine treatment. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of tDCS for migraine by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to December 02, 2021 for RCTs reporting tDCS for migraine treatment. Two authors independently evaluated the eligibility of the retrieved trials and extracted relevant data. Outcomes for the quantitative synthesis were reduction in migraine days per month and adverse events.

Results

Eleven RCTs that included 425 patients with migraine were evaluated in the meta‐analysis. The efficacy and safety of anodal or cathodal stimulation targeting different brain areas, including primary motor cortex (M1), primary sensory cortex (S1), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and visual cortex (VC), were assessed in the RCTs enrolled. We found that tDCS with M1 and VC activation could reduce No. of migraine days per month in patients with migraine. Meanwhile, tDCS with VC inhibition could also reduce No. of migraine days per month in patients with migraine. However, there were no differences in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups.

Conclusion

tDCS activates M1 or activates/inhibits VC which could improve migraine symptoms. tDCS is an effective, preventive, and safe treatment for migraine.
Young‐onset colorectal cancer: Insights from an English population‐based study
Authors: Franklyn Joshua , Lomax Joe , Labib Peter L. Z. , Baker Amy , Balasubramanya Supriya , Natale Joe , Abdalkoddus Muhammad , Hosking Joanne , Coleman Mark G. , Smolarek Sebastian
Published: April 2022

Aim

Young colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are reported to have more aggressive disease, an advanced stage at diagnosis and conflicting survival outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyse the demographics, clinicopathological features and prognosis of young CRC at a population‐based level in England.

Method

This is a retrospective review of all CRC patients using data from Public Health England collated from regional cancer registries in England between 2010 and 2014. Those aged 40 years and below were classified as young and those over 40 were classified as older.

Results

Overall, 167,501 patients had CRC. Of these, 3757 patients (2.2%) were young. Right‐sided cancers were more common in younger patients (48.2% vs. 32.9%, p < 0.001). Favourable histological grade (well or moderately differentiated) was present in 83.1% and 73.5% of young and older patients, respectively. The percentage of young and older patients being diagnosed at an early stage (Stages 1 and 2) was similar at 40.6% vs. 42.9%. The 5‐year age‐ and gender‐adjusted relative survival (cancer specific) was significantly better for young patients when compared with older patients diagnosed with CRC. Additionally, overall 5‐year survival was better for younger patients (71.6% and 47.2%, p < 0.001 in young and older CRC patients respectively).

Conclusion

The increased right‐sided colon cancer in young CRC patients in England warrants attention. Contrary to previous reports, they do not present at later stage. Young CRC patients have better overall and relative survival than older patients with CRC.
Abnormal time‐zero histology is predictive of kidney transplant outcomes
Authors: Raza Syed Sikandar , Agarwal Gaurav , Anderson Douglas , Deierhoi Mark , Fatima Huma , Hanaway Michael , Locke Jayme , MacLennan Paul , Orandi Babak , Young Carlton , Mannon Roslyn B. , Seifert Michael E.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Time‐zero biopsies can detect donor‐derived lesions at the time of kidney transplantation, but their utility in predicting long‐term outcomes is unclear under the updated Kidney Allocation System.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center retrospective cohort study of 272 consecutive post‐reperfusion time‐zero biopsies. We tested the hypothesis that abnormal time‐zero histology is a strong indicator of donor quality that increases the precision of the kidney donor profile index (KDPI) score to predict long‐term outcomes.

Results

We detected abnormal biopsies in 42% of the cohort, which were independently associated with a 1.2‐fold increased hazard for a composite of acute rejection, allograft failure, and death after adjusting for clinical characteristics including KDPI. By Kaplan‐Meier analysis, the relationship between abnormal time‐zero histology and the composite endpoint was only significant in the subgroup of deceased donor kidney transplants with KDPI scores >35. Abnormal time‐zero histology, particularly vascular intimal fibrosis and arteriolar hyalinosis scores, was independently associated with lower 12‐month estimated GFR.

Conclusion

In conclusion, abnormal time‐zero histology is relatively common and identifies a group of kidney recipients at increased risk for worse long‐term outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal patient population in which to deploy time‐zero biopsies as an additional surveillance tool.
Health harms of non‐medical prescription opioid use: A systematic review
Authors: Werb Dan , Scheim Ayden I. , Soipe Ayorinde , Aeby Samantha , Rammohan Indhu , Fischer Benedikt , Hadland Scott E. , Marshall Brandon D. L.
Published: April 2022

Issues

Non‐medical prescription opioid use (NMPOU) contributes substantially to the global burden of morbidity. However, no systematic assessment of the scientific literature on the associations between NMPOU and health outcomes has yet been undertaken.

Approach

We undertook a systematic review evaluating health outcomes related to NMPOU based on ICD‐10 clinical domains. We searched 13 electronic databases for original research articles until 1 July 2021. We employed an adaptation of the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine ‘Levels of Evidence’ scale to assess study quality.

Key Findings

Overall, 182 studies were included. The evidence base was largest on the association between NMPOU and mental and behavioural disorders; 71% (129) studies reported on these outcomes. Less evidence exists on the association of NMPOU with infectious disease outcomes (26; 14%), and on external causes of morbidity and mortality, with 13 (7%) studies assessing its association with intentional self‐harm and 1 study assessing its association with assault (<1%).

Implications

A large body of evidence has identified associations between NMPOU and opioid use disorder as well as on fatal and non‐fatal overdose. We found equivocal evidence on the association between NMPOU and the acquisition of HIV, hepatitis C and other infectious diseases. We identified weak evidence regarding the potential association between NMPOU and intentional self‐harm, suicidal ideation and assault.

Discussion and Conclusions

Findings may inform the prevention of harms associated with NMPOU, although higher‐quality research is needed to characterise the association between NMPOU and the full spectrum of physical and mental health disorders.
Out of the mouths of Peer Leaders: Perspectives on how to improve a telephone‐based peer support intervention in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Afshar Rowshanak , Askari Amir S. , Sidhu Rawel , Cox Susan , Sherifali Diana , Camp Pat G. , Tang Tricia S.
Published: April 2022

Objective

To explore the experiences of peer leaders with respect to delivering core components of a 12‐month, telephone‐based peer support intervention in type 2 diabetes within a tertiary‐care setting.

Methods

Seventeen peer leaders were recruited and interviewed. Interviews lasted approximately 20 to 45 min, were audio‐taped, and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analysed by two team members using the qualitative descriptive approach.

Findings

Peer leaders reported mutually beneficial and reciprocal relationships with participants. They encountered challenges in maintaining regular contact with participants and in motivating them to make lifestyle changes. To improve the programme, peer leaders suggested having more frequent – but shorter – training sessions and reducing the diabetes education component of the training programme. To enhance the intervention fidelity and retention rate, they recommended matching peer leaders to participants on more meaningful variables (e.g. diabetes‐related commonalities, personality, life experiences, etc.) beyond just gender, geographic proximity and availability. They also requested more frequent face‐to‐face contacts with participants (Modality of Contact), and additional ongoing support from the research team.

Conclusion

Peer leaders were satisfied with the intervention design. However, future studies may consider more comprehensive peer leader‐matching algorithms and increased opportunities for in‐person communication modalities.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02804620.
Examining patient and professional perspectives in the UK for gene therapy in haemophilia
Authors: Woollacott Ione , Morgan George , Chowdary Pratima , O'Hara Jamie , Franks Bethany , van Overbeeke Eline , Dunn Nicola , Michelsen Sissel , Huys Isabelle , Martin Antony , Cawson Matthew , Brownrigg Jack , Winburn Ian , Thomson Jim
Published: April 2022

Introduction

With the development of gene therapy for people with haemophilia (PWH), it is important to understand how people impacted by haemophilia (PIH) and clinicians prioritise haemophilia treatment attributes to support informed treatment decisions.

Objective

To examine the treatment attribute preferences of PIH and clinical experts in the United Kingdom (UK) and to develop a profile of gene therapy characteristics fit for use in future discrete choice experiments (DCEs).

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with PIH (n= 14) and clinical experts (n= 6) who ranked pre‐defined treatment attributes by importance. Framework analysis was conducted to identify key themes and treatment attributes; points were allocated based on the rankings. Synthesis of results by a multidisciplinary group informed development of a profile of gene therapy characteristics for use in future research.

Results

Key themes identified by PIH and clinical experts included patient relevant features and the importance of ‘informed decision making'. The six top‐ranked treatment attributes were ‘effect on factor level’ (79 points), ‘uncertainty regarding long‐term risks’ (57 points), ‘impact on daily life’ (41 points), ‘frequency of monitoring’ (33 points), ‘impact on ability to participate in physical activity’ (29 points), and ‘uncertainty regarding long‐term benefits’ (28 points). The final treatment characteristics were categorised as therapeutic option, treatment effectiveness, safety concerns, impact on self‐management and quality of life (role limitations).

Conclusion

We identified several gene therapy characteristics important to PIH and clinicians in the UK. These characteristics will be used in a future DCE to further investigate patient preferences for gene therapy.
Understandings of environmental injustice and sustainability in marginalized communities: A qualitative inquiry in Nevada
Authors: Willett Jennifer , Tamayo Alonso , Kern Jeffrey
Published: April 2022

As eco‐social work practice and scholarship continues to grow, multiple frameworks are emerging to help guide the work. In this study, we interviewed 59 people affected by environmental injustice. Participants identified components within both environmental injustice and sustainability, as well as gaps that these models individually do not support. Therefore, we suggest that merging environmental justice with sustainability through centering justice (a component within environmental justice), and also finding solutions through technological advances (a component within sustainability), may best support these communities. In addition, the participants discussed the need for support, which social workers can provide.
A multicenter clinical trial evaluating the durability of diabetic foot ulcer healing in ulcers treated with topical oxygen and standard of care versus standard of care alone 1 year post healing
Authors: Al‐Jalodi Omar , Kupcella Megan , Breisinger Kristy , Serena Thomas E.
Published: April 2022

Multiple clinical trials and real‐world studies have demonstrated accelerated healing in diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) treated with advanced modalities, such as topical oxygen therapy (TOT). In addition to healing, the durability of wound closure is a crucial long‐term endpoint for DFU clinical trials: an advanced treatment that does not confer a reasonable ulcer‐free period will have limited clinical benefit and modest economic value. Preclinical studies suggest that DFUs receiving topical oxygen therapy will experience improved quality of healing: increased collagen deposition and angiogenesis. It is postulated that these changes will translate into a more long‐lasting closure for ulcers treated with TOT and SOC compared to ulcers treated with SOC alone. At the conclusion of a recently completed randomised controlled DFU clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of TOT and SOC compared to SOC alone, patients with healed ulcers were asked to enrol in a long‐term follow‐up study. Healed patients completed four questionnaires through text messages or phone calls within 1‐year post completion of the trial. Twenty‐nine patients consented to participate in the long‐term follow‐up trial (17 TOT/SOC and 12 SOC). Only seven subjects were lost to follow up (5 TOT and 2 SOC). This is a surprisingly low number when factoring in the disruption caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic that continued throughout the entire follow‐up period. In the remaining patients, 85% of the TOT patients and 60% of the SOC remained healed at 1 year. There was one major amputation, which occurred in an SOC‐treated patient. The numbers in the long‐term follow‐up were too small to reach statistical significance; however, there is a strong trend toward more durable closure in ulcers treated with TOT.
Step by step: How to perform a fluoroless cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Alyesh Daniel , Frederick Jennifer , Choe William , Sundaram Sri
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Pulmonary vein isolation is the cornerstone of ablation of atrial fibrillation. With widespread use of 3D Electroanatomic Mapping Systems and advances in intracardiac echo imaging, fluoroless ablation has been possible.

Methods

Fluoroless ablation with cryoballoon (CB), however, has not been widely performed because of the need to prove occlusion of the vein with contrast dye and fluoroscopy.

Results and Conclusion

In this step‐by‐step guide, the authors will show how a CB ablation can be performed without the use of fluoroscopy.
Recruiting a long way from home: Domino damselfish Dascyllus trimaculatus can detect new temperate coral habitat and conspecifics
Authors: O'Connell Max J. , Fowler Ashley M. , Allan Sam J. , Beretta Giglia A. , Booth David J.
Published: April 2022

Climate change is driving tropicalisation of temperate reefs, yet it is unclear how range‐shifting tropical fishes locate suitable habitat. The authors tested whether juvenile tropical damsels Dascyllus trimaculatus could detect rare coral habitat (Pocillopora aliciae) and conspecifics on temperate rocky reefs using olfactory and visual preference experiments. For all cues, individuals selected and spent more time than expected in aquarium areas with the cue present, which included coral odour and conspecific odour and visual cues. This indicates that vagrant coral‐reef fish can detect rare suitable habitat outside of their natal range.
Countries' experiences scaling up national breastfeeding, protection, promotion and support programmes: Comparative case studies analysis
Authors: Hernández‐Cordero Sonia , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Zambrano Paul , Michaud‐Létourneau Isabelle , Lara‐Mejía Vania , Franco‐Lares Bianca
Published: April 2022

Scaling up effective interventions, policies and programmes can improve breastfeeding (BF) outcomes. Furthermore, considerable interest exists in learning from relatively recent successful efforts that can inform further scaling up, with appropriate adaptations, across countries. The purpose of this four‐country case studies analysis was to examine why and how improvements in BF practices occurred across four contrasting countries; Burkina Faso, the Philippines, Mexico and the United States of America. Literature reviews and key informant interviews were conducted to document BF trends over time, in addition to why and how BF protection, promotion and support policies and programmes were implemented at a national level. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. The ‘Breastfeeding Gear Model’ and RE‐AIM (Reach; Effectiveness; Adoption; Implementation; and Maintenance) frameworks were used to understand and map the factors facilitating or hindering the scale up of the national programmes and corresponding improvements in BF practices. Each of the studied countries had different processes and timing to implement and scale up programmes to promote, protect and support breastfeeding. However, in all four countries, evidence‐based advocacy, multisectoral political will, financing, research and evaluation, and coordination were key to fostering an enabling environment for BF. Furthermore, in all countries, lack of adequate maternity protection and the aggressive marketing of the breast‐milk substitutes industry remains a strong source of negative feedback loops that are undermining investments in BF programmes. Country‐specific best practices included innovative legislative measures (Philippines), monitoring and evaluation systems (United States of America), engagement of civil society (Mexico) and behavior change communication BF promotion (Burkina Faso) initiatives. There is an urgent need to improve maternity protection and to strongly enforce the WHO Code of Marketing of Breast‐Milk Substitutes.
“Must” implies “can”
Authors: Kürthy Miklós , Del Prete Fabio , Barlassina Luca
Published: April 2022

We consider the thorny issue of whether ascribing to an agent theobligationtoφimplies that it ispossiblefor the agent toφ. Traditionally, this issue has been interpreted as whether “ought” implies “can”. But another linguistic interpretation is available, namely, whether “must” implies “can” (MIC). We show that “must” does imply “can” via a convergent argument. First, we prove MIC from a well‐established theory of modality in natural language, namely, that proposed by Kratzer. Second, we present novel acceptability judgement studies showing that MIC predicts and explains the linguistic behaviour of native English speakers.
Interstitial Precarity: The Romance and Tragedy of the Transnational Child Welfare System
Authors: Valenzuela Robin
Published: April 2022

This article examines a memorandum of understanding (MOU) between Chicago's Mexican Consulate and the Illinois Department of Child and Family Services (DCFS), which obliges DCFS to provide prompt consular notification after assuming protective custody of a Mexican or Mexican American minor. Developed in 2001, this bilateral agreement also enables consular officials to gain access to child welfare cases involving their minor nationals and requires DCFS to consider placing such minors with their deported or noncustodial parents in Mexico, whenever possible. Drawing on ethnographic research collected in Chicago and Mexico from 2016 to 2019, I explore the possibilities created through the MOU, which not only opens up new opportunities for transnational family reunification in Mexico but also enables Mexican institutions to challenge DCFS's expertise. And yet, the MOU also produces what I call “interstitial precarity” for the minors it tries to help. This is a lack of belonging, stability, and recognition that results not from the denial of one's citizenship but from falling between the cracks of multiple, discordant bureaucratic systems. Accordingly, this article evaluates the MOU's potential to expand the family‐making options available to mixed‐status families through a dialectical reading of its romantic and tragic effects. [child welfare, reunification, transnational, immigration, precarity]