bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Destruction of Mycotoxins in Poultry Waste under Anaerobic Conditions within Methanogenesis Catalyzed by Artificial Microbial Consortia
Authors: Efremenko Elena , Senko Olga , Maslova Olga , Lyagin Ilya , Aslanli Aysel , Stepanov Nikolay
Published: March 2023

To reduce the toxicity of modern feeds polluted by mycotoxins, various sorbents are added to them when feeding animals. A part of the mycotoxins is excreted from the body of animals with these sorbents and remains in the manure. As a result, bulk animal wastes containing mixtures of mycotoxins are formed. It is known that it is partially possible to decrease the initial concentration of mycotoxins in the process of anaerobic digestion (AD) of contaminated methanogenic substrates. The aim of this review was to analyze the recent results in destruction of mycotoxins under the action of enzymes present in cells of anaerobic consortia catalyzing methanogenesis of wastes. The possible improvement of the functioning of the anaerobic artificial consortia during detoxification of mycotoxins in the bird droppings is discussed. Particular attention was paid to the possibility of effective functioning of microbial enzymes that catalyze the detoxification of mycotoxins, both at the stage of preparation of poultry manure for methanogenesis and directly in the anaerobic process itself. The sorbents with mycotoxins which appeared in the poultry wastes composed one of the topics of interest in this review. The preliminary alkaline treatment of poultry excreta before processing in AD was considered from the standpoint of effectively reducing the concentrations of mycotoxins in the waste.
Editorial to the Special Issue “Propagation of Coronal Mass Ejections”
Authors: Dumbović Mateja , Shen Fang
Published: March 2023

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their associated shocks are one of the main drivers of heliosphere variability, causing both interplanetary and planetary perturbations [...]
Efficient Purification of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus by a Novel Peptide Aptamer
Authors: Tscheuschner Georg , Ponader Marco , Raab Christopher , Weider Prisca S. , Hartfiel Reni , Kaufmann Jan Ole , Völzke Jule L. , Bosc-Bierne Gaby , Prinz Carsten , Schwaar Timm , Andrle Paul , Bäßler Henriette , Nguyen Khoa , Zhu Yanchen , Mey Antonia S. J. S. , Mostafa Amr , Bald Ilko , Weller Michael G.
Published: March 2023

The cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) is a plant virus explored as a nanotechnological platform. The robust self-assembly mechanism of its capsid protein allows for drug encapsulation and targeted delivery. Additionally, the capsid nanoparticle can be used as a programmable platform to display different molecular moieties. In view of future applications, efficient production and purification of plant viruses are key steps. In established protocols, the need for ultracentrifugation is a significant limitation due to cost, difficult scalability, and safety issues. In addition, the purity of the final virus isolate often remains unclear. Here, an advanced protocol for the purification of the CCMV from infected plant tissue was developed, focusing on efficiency, economy, and final purity. The protocol involves precipitation with PEG 8000, followed by affinity extraction using a novel peptide aptamer. The efficiency of the protocol was validated using size exclusion chromatography, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, reversed-phase HPLC, and sandwich immunoassay. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the final eluate of the affinity column is of exceptional purity (98.4%) determined by HPLC and detection at 220 nm. The scale-up of our proposed method seems to be straightforward, which opens the way to the large-scale production of such nanomaterials. This highly improved protocol may facilitate the use and implementation of plant viruses as nanotechnological platforms for in vitro and in vivo applications.
Characterization of Live-Attenuated Powassan Virus Vaccine Candidates Identifies an Efficacious Prime-Boost Strategy for Mitigating Powassan Virus Disease in a Murine Model
Authors: Cheung Andrew M. , Yip Elaine Z. , Ashbrook Alison W. , Goonawardane Niluka , Quirk Corrine , Rice Charles M. , MacDonald Margaret R. , Hoffmann Hans-Heinrich
Published: March 2023

Powassan virus (POWV) is an emerging tick-borne virus and cause of lethal encephalitis in humans. The lack of treatment or prevention strategies for POWV disease underscores the need for an effective POWV vaccine. Here, we took two independent approaches to develop vaccine candidates. First, we recoded the POWV genome to increase the dinucleotide frequencies of CpG and UpA to potentially attenuate the virus by raising its susceptibility to host innate immune factors, such as the zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP). Secondly, we took advantage of the live-attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine 17D strain (YFV-17D) as a vector to express the structural genes pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) of POWV. The chimeric YFV-17D-POWV vaccine candidate was further attenuated for in vivo application by removing an N-linked glycosylation site within the nonstructural protein (NS)1 of YFV-17D. This live-attenuated chimeric vaccine candidate significantly protected mice from POWV disease, conferring a 70% survival rate after lethal challenge when administered in a homologous two-dose regimen. Importantly, when given in a heterologous prime-boost vaccination scheme, in which vaccination with the initial chimeric virus was followed by a protein boost with the envelope protein domain III (EDIII), 100% of the mice were protected without showing any signs of morbidity. Combinations of this live-attenuated chimeric YFV-17D-POWV vaccine candidate with an EDIII protein boost warrant further studies for the development of an effective vaccine strategy for the prevention of POWV disease.
Evaluation of First Treatment Timing, Fatal Disease Onset, and Days from First Treatment to Death Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Smith Kristen J. , White Brad J. , Amrine David E. , Larson Robert L. , Theurer Miles E. , Szasz Josh I. , Bryant Tony C. , Waggoner Justin W.
Published: March 2023

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a frequent beef cattle syndrome. Improved understanding of the timing of BRD events, including subsequent deleterious outcomes, promotes efficient resource allocation. This study’s objective was to determine differences in timing distributions of initial BRD treatments (Tx1), days to death after initial treatment (DTD), and days after arrival to fatal disease onset (FDO). Individual animal records for the first BRD treatment (n = 301,721) or BRD mortality (n = 19,332) were received from 25 feed yards. A subset of data (318–363 kg; steers/heifers) was created and Wasserstein distances were used to compare temporal distributions of Tx1, FDO, and DTD across genders (steers/heifers) and the quarter of arrival. Disease frequency varied by quarter with the greatest Wasserstein distances observed between Q2 and Q3 and between Q2 and Q4. Cattle arriving in Q3 and Q4 had earlier Tx1 events than in Q2. Evaluating FDO and DTD revealed the greatest Wasserstein distance between cattle arriving in Q2 and Q4, with cattle arriving in Q2 having later events. Distributions of FDO varied by gender and quarter and typically had wide distributions with the largest 25–75% quartiles ranging from 20 to 80 days (heifers arriving in Q2). The DTD had right-skewed distributions with 25% of cases occurring by days 3–4 post-treatment. Results illustrate temporal disease and outcome patterns are largely right-skewed and may not be well represented by simple arithmetic means. Knowledge of typical temporal patterns allows cattle health managers to focus disease control efforts on the correct groups of cattle at the appropriate time.
Estimation of Lake Storage Based on the Surrounding Topography around the Lake from the SRTM DEM
Authors: Xiao Yi , Wang Guofeng , Zhao Huihui , Wang Jizheng , Qiao Baojin
Published: March 2023

The estimation of lake depth and water storage is crucial for water resource management in inland waters. In previous studies, lake water storage estimation required in situ bathymetry data; however, the high cost of fieldwork prevented the extension of this method to all lakes. This study aims to solve this problem by studying how to estimate lake water storage without using bathymetric data. According to the similarity between the topography surrounding the lake and the underwater topography, we present an approach to estimate the lake water storage. The principle of the method is to extend the surrounding terrain into the underwater area to establish an underwater model. In this study, six lakes of the Tibetan Plateau were selected, and the results showed that the average R2 between the estimated and measured water depths of the six lakes was about 0.76. Among them, the estimated water depth of Taiyang Lake (maximum depth of 61.57 m) had the largest deviation from the measured water depth, with an RMSE (root mean square error) of 19.77 m, while the estimated water depth of Bangda Co (maximum depth of 41.04 m) had the best result, with an RMSE of 7.83 m. The relative errors of all water storage estimations were less than 20%. The lake with the best accuracy was Zigetang Co (measured water storage of 39.6 Gt), and the estimated water storage was 42.2 Gt, with a relative error of 6.57%. The lake with the worst accuracy was Taiyang Lake (measured water storage of 31.94 Gt), and the estimated water storage was 36.47 Gt, with a relative error of 14.18%. This study provides an effective method for lake depth estimation and improves the ability to monitor changes in lake storage, especially for lakes with harsh environments or in remote areas.
Improving the Resolution of GRACE/InSAR Groundwater Storage Estimations Using a New Subsidence Feature Weighted Combination Scheme
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Zheng Wei , Yin Wenjie , Kang Guohua , Huang Qihuan , Shen Yifan
Published: March 2023

GRACE observations and land subsidence data derived from InSAR both assess groundwater storage changes. However, GRACE data at local scales are restricted by the coarser spatial resolution of satellite systems, and inversion of Groundwater Storage Anomalies (GWSA) by InSAR requires extensive and unavailable lithological data. Here, we propose a New Subsidence Feature Weighted Combination (NSFWC) scheme to enhance the spatial resolution of GRACE-derived GWSA from 0.5° to 0.05°. This method can not only retain the spatial distribution of groundwater changes but also reflect local details related to surface subsidence. A case study was executed to evaluate the performance of the NSFWC scheme in the Beijing Plain, which has seriously overexploited groundwater. Results showed that the simulated GWSA were consistent with in situ measurements in most regions, with a correlation coefficient of 0.85 and an RMSE of 4.41 mm/year. Additionally, there were 22 overexploited wells in the Beijing Plain, although groundwater levels generally recovered after the South to North Water Diversion Project. Simultaneously, four cones of depression were detected by the InSAR technology, where the maximum cumulative subsidence and subsidence rate achieved −198.52 mm and −53.09 mm/year, respectively. This paper provides data support and technical guarantees for small-scale groundwater resources management.
Daily Streamflow Forecasts Based on Cascade Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Model over the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Yuan Xing
Published: March 2023

Medium-range streamflow forecasts largely depend on the accuracy of meteorological forecasts. Due to large errors in precipitation forecasts, most streamflow forecasts based on deep learning rely only on historical data. Here, we apply a cascade Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to forecast daily streamflow over 49 watersheds in the Yangtze River basin for up to 15 days. The first layer of the cascade LSTM model uses atmospheric circulation factors to predict future precipitation, and the second layer uses forecast precipitation to predict streamflow. The results show that the default LSTM model provides skillful streamflow forecasts over most watersheds. At the lead times of 1, 7, and 15 days, the streamflow Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) of 78%, 30%, and 20% watersheds are greater than 0.5, respectively. Its performance improves with the increase in drainage area. After implementing the cascade LSTM model, 61–88% of the watersheds show increased KGE at different leads, and the increase is more obvious at longer leads. Using cascade LSTM with perfect future precipitation shows further improvement, especially over small watersheds. In general, cascade LSTM modeling is a good attempt for streamflow forecasts over the Yangtze River, and it has a potential to connect with dynamical meteorological forecasts.
Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Functional Genes and Microbial Community of Feammox and Its Associated Processes in Urban Green Heart Soil
Authors: Chen Maoxia , Ma Xuguang , Wei Shiqian , An Xin , Li Yanjun , Liang Liye , Jiang Tao
Published: March 2023

Research on Fe3+ reduction coupled to anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Feammox) and its associated processes in the moderately low-dissolved oxygen (DO) urban natural environment is lacking. To clarify seasonal and spatial variations in Feammox, iron-reducing, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in urban green spaces, we examined the physicochemical indices and functional genes acd, acm, Geo, and hszA in topsoils and wetland soils across four seasons. Further, we performed 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The Feammox-related gene acm was detected in all topsoil samples. Season and habitat affected soil physicochemical indices influencing gene distributions. Moisture content (45.3%) and Fe3+ (13.3%) mediated genetic changes. Competition between Feammox and iron-reducing bacteria (IRB) lowered the distributions of acd and acm in summer and increased these in winter. The acd and acm distributions were higher in wetland soil than in forestland soil. The dominant phyla, Nitrospirota, Actinobacteriota, and Desulfobacterota, correlated positively. Network analysis revealed that the relative abundances of acd, Geo, and hszA correlated positively with Flavobacterium and Thermomonas, Subgroup_2, and Candidatus_Solibacter, respectively. Feammox, iron-reducing, and anammox microorganisms correlated positively but competition existed between certain taxa. Candidatus, Sphingomonas, and Geobacter are linked to Feammox, iron reduction, and anammox. Here, we demonstrated the theoretical feasibility of developing Feammox-based nitrogen removal technology under moderately low-DO conditions, providing a reference for elucidating the ecological contribution of Feammox in an urban green heart.
Experiences of urine collection devices during suspected urinary tract infections: a qualitative study in primary care
Authors: Glogowska Margaret , Croxson Caroline , Butler Christopher , Hayward Gail
Published: March 2023

Background

Up to 30% of urine samples from women with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) are contaminated and need to be repeated, burdening health services and delaying antibiotic prescription. To prevent contamination, midstream urine (MSU) sampling, which can be difficult to achieve, is recommended. Urine collection devices (UCDs) that automatically capture MSU have been proposed as a solution. There are few studies exploring womens experiences of using such devices.

Aim

To explore womens experiences of urine collection and the use of UCDs during a suspected UTI.

Design and setting

An embedded qualitative study in a UK randomised controlled trial (RCT) of UCDs among women attending primary care for UTI symptoms.

Method

Semi-structured telephone interviews with 29 women who had participated in the RCT were conducted. The transcribed interviews were then thematically analysed.

Results

Most of the women were dissatisfied with how they normally produced urine samples. Many were able to use the devices, found them hygienic, and would use them again, even if they had initially experienced problems. Women who had not used the devices expressed interest in trying them. Potential barriers to UCD use included positioning for the sample, UTI symptoms making urine collection difficult, and waste disposal because of the single-use plastic in the UCDs.

Conclusion

Most women agreed there was a need for a user- and environmentally-friendly device to improve urine collection. Although using UCDs can be difficult for women experiencing UTI symptoms, they may be appropriate for asymptomatic sampling in other clinical populations.
Consequences of the closure of general practices: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Hutchinson Joseph , Checkland Kath , Gibson Jon , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Sutton Matt
Published: March 2023

Background

Two general practices close every week in the UK. Given the pressure on UK general practices, such closures are likely to persist. Yet little is known about the consequences. Closure refers to when a practice ceases to exist, merges, or is taken over.

Aim

To explore whether practice funding, list size, workforce composition, and quality change in surviving practices when surrounding general practices close.

Design and setting

A cross-sectional study of English general practices was undertaken, using data from 2016–2020.

Method

The exposure to closure for all practices existing on 31 March 2020 was estimated. This is the estimation proportion of a practice’s patient list that had been through a closure in the preceding 3 years, between 1 April 2016 and 3 March 2019. The interaction between the exposure to closure estimate and the outcome variables (list size, funding, workforce, and quality) was analysed through multiple linear regression, while controlling for confounders (age profile, deprivation, ethnic group, and rurality).

Results

A total of 694 (8.41%) practices closed. A 10% increase in exposure to closure resulted in 1925.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1675.8 to 2175.4) more patients in the practice with £2.37 (95% CI = £4.22 to £0.51) less funding per patient. While numbers of all staff types increased, there were 86.9 (95% CI = 50.5 to 123.3), 4.3%, more patients per GP. Increases for other staff types were proportionate to increases in patients. Patient satisfaction with services declined across all domains. No significant difference in Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) scores was identified.

Conclusion

Higher exposure to closure led to larger practice sizes in remaining practices. Closure of practices changes workforce composition and reduces patient satisfaction with services.
Cardiac Mechanics and Kidney Function Decline in the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Mehta Rupal , Buzkova Petra , Patel Harnish , Cheng Jeanette , Kizer Jorge R. , Gottdiener John S. , Psaty Bruce , Khan Sadiya S. , Ix Joachim H. , Isakova Tamara , Shlipak Michael G. , Bansal Nisha , Shah Sanjiv J.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Clinical heart failure frequently coexists with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may precipitate kidney function decline. However, whether earlier-stage myocardial dysfunction assessable by speckle tracking echocardiography is a contributor to kidney function decline remains unknown.

Methods:

We studied 2135 Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants who were free of clinical heart failure and had Year 2-baseline 2D speckle tracking echocardiography and two measurements of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Year 2 and Year 9). “Archival” speckle tracking of digitized echocardiogram videotapes was utilized to measure left ventricular longitudinal strain (LVLS), LV early diastolic strain rate (EDSR), left atrial reservoir strain (LARS), right ventricular free wall strain (RVFWS), and mitral annular velocity (e′). Multivariable Poisson regression models that adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors were used to investigate the independent associations of cardiac mechanics indices and decline in kidney function defined as a 30% decline in eGFR over 7 years.

Results:

In risk factor (RF) models LVLS, EDSR, RVFWS, and e′ were all significantly associated with the prevalence of kidney disease. After multivariable adjustment, left atrial dysfunction (RR 1.18 [95% CI 1.01, 1.38] per SD lower LARS] and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (RR 1.21 [95% CI 1.04, 1.41] per SD lower EDSR) were each significantly associated with 30% decline in eGFR.

Conclusions:

Subclinical myocardial dysfunction suggesting abnormal diastolic function detected by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography was independently associated with decline in kidney function over time. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of these associations and to test whether interventions that may improve subclinical myocardial dysfunction can prevent decline of kidney function.
Адаптивний алгоритм розв’язання систем рівнянь з блочно-хмарочосними матрицями
Authors: Єршов Павло Сергійович , Сидорук Володимир Антонович
Published: March 2023

Зростаючі вимоги до якості проєктних рішень, а також використання нових конструктивних матеріалів викликають необхідність у розв’язанніякісно нових задач. Також завжди існує потреба у виконанні розрахунківскладних унікальних конструкцій. Тому зростає необхідність у нових методах і підходах, пов’язаних із побудовою та дослідженням коректнихкомп’ютерних моделей, які адекватно відображають реальну роботуконструкцій. Використання деталізованих математичних моделей призводить до суттєвого зростання розмірів розрахункових (дискретних) задач, а отже, і відповідних матриць. Зазвичай такі матриці мають розріджену структуру та надвеликі розміри. У результаті виникають проблемиефективного збереження, декомпозиції та обробки таких даних. Застосовуючи структурну регуляризацію матриць, можна вирішувати наступнізавдання: компактне збереження даних; швидкий доступ до великих масивів даних та їх обробка; мінімізація обмінів даними між обчислювальними пристроями. Для задач із розрідженими симетричними матрицямиблочно-хмарочосного виду запропоновано адаптивний паралельний алгоритм прямого методу, який забезпечує високу ефективність розпаралелювання і враховує структуру розріджених матриць та їх наповненістьданими. Розроблений алгоритм дозволяє виконати розподіл між процесами обчислення з блоками ненульових елементів трикутного розвинення розрідженої матриці таким чином, щоб вони проводилися одночаснобільшістю процесів. Отримано оцінки кількості арифметичних операцій,що виконуються алгоритмом, та коефіцієнта прискорення. Також отримано часові характеристики і показники прискорення при розв’язанні низки практичних задач моделювання міцності будівельних конструкцій нарізній кількості процесорних ядер із застосуванням різної величини блоків, використовуваних для обчислень.
A generalization of first direct method of pursuit for differential inclu-sions
Authors: Iskanadjiev Ikromjon
Published: March 2023

To solve the problem of pursuit in linear differential games, L.S. Pontryagin suggested two direct methods. Direct methods are of great importance in the development of the theory of differential games and in control theory under the conditions of uncertainty. It turned out to be useful also in solving the problem of control synthesis. Pontryagin direct methods have proved themselves as an effective means for solving problems of pursuit- evasion and control. These use integrals, having a number of significant differences from the classical integral. One of the differences consists in the use of multivalued mapping. Pontryaginʼs second direct method, based on concept of the alternating integral, which has no analogs in integration of real function. In definition of alternating integral participate of integration of setvalued mappings and geometric difference (Minkovski difference) of sets. These operations make difficulties for computation of alternating integral. From this point of view, the integral used by the first direct method has a simpler construction. Therefore, the question naturally arises of generalization the first direct method of pursuit. In this paper it will be studied a generalization of the first direct method for pursuit games, being described by differential inclusions  where F is a continuous multivalued mapping. This method will be called the modified first direct method of pursuit for differential inclusions. In particular, the class of stroboscopic strategies, the trajectory of the system are determined. For these classes games, it is proved that if the starting point belongs to the modified first integral (the integral from the multivalued mapping, which is present in the definition of the modified fist direct metod), then this is necessary and sufficient condition for completing the game in a fixed time instant in the class of stroboscobic strategies. The problem of computation this integral is important. In the present article it has also been proved that the union operations in the definition of the modified first integral can be narrowed down to the class of compact-valued mappings
Проблема Дедекінда та класи Поста
Authors: Ніколенко Володимир Володимирович , Мич Ігор Андрійович , Варцаба Олена Василівна
Published: March 2023

У роботі за допомогою класів Поста вивчаються булеві функції. Введено поняття характеристики Поста булевої функції та еквівалентних функцій за характеристикою Поста. На основі відношення еквівалентності за характеристикою Поста розглядаються 32 замкнені класи, які утворюють куб Поста. У цьому кубі 17 класів є порожніми, а решта 15 непорожніх утворюють решітку Поста. У роботі виведено формули для обчислення кількості функцій у класах Поста в залежності від числа змінних  Такі формули знайдено для 11 з 15 класів. Проблема обчислення потужностей непорожніх класів тісно повʼязана з проблемою Дедекінда. Задачу знаходження кількості монотонних функцій в залежності від числа змінних називають проблемою Дедекінда. У 1897 році цю задачу розвʼязав Дедекінд для n=4; у 1940 році Черч — для n=5; Вард — для n=6; для n=7 є розходження в отриманих оцінках. Найбільше значення числа Дедекінда відомо для n=8. Знайдено оцінки потужностей класів Поста, які дають можливість інакше підійти до розвʼязання проблеми Дедекінда. У даній роботі проведено аналітичні дослідження, за допомогою яких можна для довільної системи булевих функцій від довільної кількості змінних, для яких знайдено характеристики Поста, знайти всі можливі одно-, дво-, три- та чотирифункціональні базиси. Знайдено розподіли булевих функцій від трьох, чотирьох і пʼяти змінних за непорожніми класами Поста. Використовуючи приведений аналітичний апарат, можна обчислити число всіх можливих базисів. У роботі наведено приклад знаходження всіх базисів для булевих функцій, арність яких не перевищує пʼяти. У цьому прикладі знайдена кількість одно-, дво-, три- та чотирифункціональних базисів.
Задача параметричної оптимізації грейдів в нетарифних систе-мах оплати праці
Authors: Заріцький Олег Володимирович
Published: March 2023

У статті розглянуто актуальні питання побудови системи грейдів з поглядувирішення завдання їх параметричної оптимізації для об’єднання в групи,різниця між вагою професій у межах яких буде вважатися незначною. Автором розглянуто структурну модель професії як складної системи взаємопов’язаних сутностей, що охоплюють ключові аспекти активності людинипід час виконання роботи: процеси комунікацій, прийняття рішень, особливості оброблення інформації та освітньо-кваліфікаційний рівень і компетенції, необхідні для досягнення поставлених цілей. Враховано, що виконання роботи здійснюється в межах певних обмежень із погляду психолого-фізіологічного змісту роботи та відповідальності за кінцевий результат.Зроблено детальний аналіз існуючих аналітичних систем оцінювання професій і грейдингу та, враховуючи їхні недоліки, розроблено алгоритм побудови системи грейдів на основі результатів бально-факторного оцінювання. Слід відмітити універсальність запропонованого алгоритму, тобтонезалежність від бально-факторних моделей, які використовують під часаналізу та оцінювання роботи, як правило, порядкові та номінальні шкалиоцінювання. Алгоритм дозволяє перейти до інтервальної та абсолютноїшкал, визначивши базову професію з мінімальною оцінкою (рангом) із всієї множини. Автором вперше розроблено цільову функцію для вирішеннязавдання побудови системи грейдів, виходячи з мінімізації запропонованихпараметрів системи — елементів цільової функції. Як основні параметрисистеми розглянуто розміри грейдів та їхнє взаємне розташування на декартовій площині оцінок та тарифів із погляду їх перетинів, «розривів» та наявності «порожніх» грейдів. Вирішене завдання параметричної оптимізаціїдозволило побудувати графічну модель системи грейдів для тестової множини професій із чітко сформованими границями грейдів і тарифів, у межах яких різниця в оцінках робіт вважається незначною.
Sanitation Management Chain Policy in Tangerang City
Authors: Eliadi Dafyar
Published: March 2023

The increasing population growth in Tangerang City impacts environmental management related to domestic wastewater. This research was conducted because previously, it was found that there were problems in wastewater management in Tangerang City. This study aims to analyze the policies in domestic wastewater management in Tangerang City. The problem of this research is analyzed by public policy theory, based on the content and actor approach of public policy. The method used in this research is qualitative research. The data was obtained from several sources, such as primary and secondary data. The primary data consists of interviews with informants, which a purposive technique has decided. The results of this study explain that the Tangerang City Government applies the SPALD-S and SPALD-T strategies in the sanitation management chain in Tangerang City. The existence of a service function is not optimal because the service orientation needs to try to maximize its function. Then, public access to information is separate from socialization and education programs. This study concludes that the sanitation management provided by the relevant agencies is still faced with several obstacles, such as service orientation that has not been maximized, the lack of public access to information on management services, and the infrastructure of the sanitation management chain, which is considered insufficient.
The Challenge of the New PNS Pension Scheme in Indonesia: Pay as You Go to Be Fully Funded
Authors: Pratama Mahir , Jannah Lina Miftahul
Published: March 2023

The increase in the number of civil servants retiring every year and the high life expectancy makes the pension fund increase every year. With the pay as you go scheme currently implemented, the APBN's fiscal burden is even higher. For this reason, the government plans to change the civil servant pension system to a fully funded system. The purpose of this research is to look at the challenges in implementing a fully funded scheme for civil servant pensions in Indonesia. The research method uses a postpositivist approach with primary data obtained from interviews with informants from members of the DPR RI legislature in the field of finance, experts from Commission XI DPR RI and public policy researchers. Secondary data were obtained from literature studies, documents and relevant government reports for analysis. Data processing techniques with open coding, axial coding and selecting coding with illustrative analysis assisted by NVivo12 plus software. The results of the study show that the government must reform pension fund management institutions, pay close attention to the investment climate, transition data on new schemes that need to be regulated by the ministry for the utilization of the state apparatus, the national staffing agency, the ministry of finance and local governments. In addition, this fully funded policy requires consistency over a long period of time to have an impact on the state budget and education for civil servants. In anticipating a new pension scheme, the government needs to prepare a roadmap for the weaknesses of the fully funded scheme, especially aspects of investment risk and civil servant pension insurance.
IMPACT OF THE START OF THE CONVENTIONAL RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR ON THE VALUE OF THE MAJOR CRYPTOCURRENCIES IN 2022
Authors: GONAK Igor , BABII Stepan
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The cryptocurrency market is relatively young, however, its impact on the development of the economy is significant due to the significant capitalization of the cryptocurrency market. According to the Index proposed by chainalysis.com, Ukraine is one of the world leaders in the adoption of cryptocurrencies. The dynamics of the price behavior of the main cryptocurrencies is extremely important for the economy of many countries, and for Ukraine, as a leader in Europe in this segment, it is critically important. Therefore, studying the impact of conventional wars on the price dynamics of cryptocurrencies is necessary for the effective development of the global economy. In our article, we will consider the impact of the start of the conventional Russian-Ukrainian war on the value of the Ether cryptocurrency.

The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of the initial stage of the conventional Russian-Ukrainian war on the price dynamics of the Ether cryptocurrency.

Results. The start of the conventional Russian-Ukrainian war, which began on February 24, 2022, had various effects on individual components of the financial market: the Russian stock market collapsed; the excessive emission of national currencies in Ukraine and Russia led to their devaluation and inflation, and the emission of currencies that function as world money and the increase in the cost of energy and food provoked significant imbalances in the foreign exchange market and accelerated global inflation, which negatively affected the development of the money market; the increase in demand for cryptocurrencies led to an active growth in the value of the Ether cryptocurrency and its prevalence. However, it should be noted that a month and a half after the start of the acute conventional Russian-Ukrainian military-political confrontation, the global economy adapted to the war, which, in turn, led to a decrease in their value.

Conclusions. From the research, we can conclude that the price of cryptocurrencies actively reacts to the wars taking place on the planet. We found that the beginning of the conventional Russian-Ukrainian confrontation led to a sharp increase in the price of the Ether cryptocurrency at the beginning of the war, but after the global economy adapted to this crisis, the value of the cryptocurrency began to gradually decrease. However, it should be noted that due to the relatively short historical period of the existence of cryptocurrencies, the impact of the conventional war on the development of cryptocurrencies has not been sufficiently studied, and the study of this impact will require its reflection in new economic studies.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat terhadap Penggunaan Gigi Tiruan: Kajian di Usia 46-65 Tahun
Authors: Adjani Reinaya , Sarwono Aditya P.
Published: March 2023

Abstract: Tooth loss often occurs in elderly and has a negative impact on the ability to speak and chew, therefore, it can indirectly affect general health and quality of life. Cases of tooth loss can be overcome by using dentures that can restore the patient's oral and tooth function and aesthetics. This study aimed to describe the public knowledge regarding the use of dentures, focused on 46-65-year-old people. This was a descriptive and observational study with a cross sectional design. Samples were residents of Kelurahan Pondok Betung, Tangerang, Indonesia, aged 46-65 years obtained by using total sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires filled during the study and processed with SPSS. The results showed that based on age category, respondents of late elderly had higher level of knowledge than those of early elderly. Based on gender, females had higher rates than males. Based on education category, respondents with high school and bachelor degree education had good level of knowledge regarding the use of dentures. In conclusion the majority of residents at RT 05/RW 03 Pondok Betung has good level of knowledge about the use of denture as tooth replacement.
Keywords: tooth loss; dentures; community; knowledge level
 
Abstrak: Kehilangan gigi sering terjadi pada lansia dan berdampak negatif pada kemampuan berbicara dan mengunyah, sehingga secara tidak langsung dapat memengaruhi kesehatan dan kualitas hidup secara umum. Kasus kehilangan gigi dapat diatasi dengan penggunaan gigi tiruan yang dapat mengembalikan fungsi dan estetika pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsi-kan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penggunaan gigi tiruan dengan fokus pada usia 46-65 tahun. Jenis penelitian ini ialah deskriptif dan observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Responden ialah warga Kelurahan Pondok Betung, Tangerang, Indonesia, yang berusia 46-65 tahun yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang diisi selama penelitian dan diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan kategori usia, responden lanjut usia (lansia) akhir memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan lansia dini. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin, perempuan memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang lebih tinggi daripada laki-laki. Berdasarkan kategori pendidikan, responden dengan tingkat pendidikan menengah dan akhir memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik tentang penggunaan gigi tiruan. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah sebagian besar warga RT 05/RW 03 Pondok Betung memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik tentang penggunaan gigi tiruan sebagai pengganti gigi.
Kata kunci:  kehilangan gigi; gigi tiruan; masyarakat; tingkat pengetahuan
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INCIDENCE OF ANEMIA IN PREGRANT WOMEN IN TAPA PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER WORKING AREA
Authors: Malaka Nur Meiken Ainun , Irwan Irwan , Ahmad Zul Fikar
Published: March 2023

Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan yang berkontribusi terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas Ibu dan janin. Kebaruan penelitian ini karena menganalisis status gizi pada ibu hamil hubungannya dengan kejadaian anemia. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada Ibu hamil. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain Cross Sectional. Populasi penelitian yakni seluruh Ibu hamil yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tapa dengan sampel penelitian semua Ibu hamil yang ada saat penelitian berlangsung dengan teknik pengambilan sampel Total Sampling. Analisis data bivariate menggunakan uji Chi Square dan multivariate menggunakan uji Regresi Logistik. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa jarak kehamilan (p=0,013), pengetahuan (p=0,026), status gizi (p=0,013) berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia. Sementara umur kehamilan (p=0,096) dan kunjungan ANC (p=1,0) tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan kejadian anemia. Hasil analisis multivariate ditemukan bahwa jarak kehamilan (OR=0,058) dan status gizi (OR=0,058) memiliki hubungan yang paling signifikan dengan kejadian anemia pada Ibu hamil. Kesimpulannya yakni jarak kehamilan, pengetahuan dan status gizi berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia. Jarak kehamilan dan status gizi mempunyai hubungan yang paling signifikan dengan kejadian anemia pada Ibu hamil.Kata Kunci: Faktor-faktor; Anemia; Ibu Hamil.Â AbstractAnemia is a health problem that contributes to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This study's novelty is that it analyzes the nutritional status of pregnant women in relation to anemia. The study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. This study used an analytical observational method with a Cross-Sectional design. The study population is all pregnant women in the Tapa Health Center work area, with research samples of all pregnant women who were present when the study took place with the Total Sampling sampling technique. Bivariate data analysis using Chi-Square and multivariate tests using Logistic Regression tests. The results of the study found that pregnancy distance (p=0.013), knowledge (p=0.026), and nutritional status (p=0.013) were associated with the incidence of anemia. Meanwhile, gestational age (p=0.096) and ANC visits (p=1.0) were not associated with the incidence of anemia. The results of the multivariate analysis found that the distance between pregnancy (OR=0.058) and nutritional status (OR=0.058) had the most significant relationship with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The conclusion is that pregnancy distance, knowledge, and nutritional status are related to the incidence of anemia. The distance between pregnancy and nutritional status has the most significant relationship with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women.
THE INFLUENCE OF EDUCATION, FAMILY INCOME, AND KNOWLEDGE ON THE USE OF LATRINES IN KUALA KAPIAS, TANJUNG BALAI CITY
Authors: Damanik Dady Hidayah , Siringoringo Erlina Ester Rotua , Mendrofa Hendry Kiswanto , Boli Elisabet Bre
Published: March 2023

Abstrak Menurut survei WHO (2015) Indonesia merupakan salah satu negera terbesar yang penduduknya buang air besar di sungai, sawah, kebun dan tempat terbuka yaitu sebesar 12,9%. Data penggunaan jamban Kota Tanjungbalai tahun 2022 menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan jamban keluarga sebagai fasilitas buang air besar masih rendah yaitu 31%. Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini karena menganalisis Â tentang pemanfaatan jamban oleh masyarakat dari aspek pendidikan, pendapatan keluarga, dan pengetahuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan jamban di Lingkungan VII Kelurahan Beting Kuala Kapias Kota Tanjung Balai. Jenis penelitian ini survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 76 Responden dengan Tehnik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Teknik Analisa data yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pendidikan dengan pemanfaatan jamban dengan Â nilai p-value = 0,000 (p=0,0000,05). Ada pengaruh tingkat pendapatan dengan pemanfaatan jamban dengan nilai p-value = 0,000 (p=0,0020,05). Ada pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan dengan pemanfaatan jamban dengan nilai p-value = 0,017 (p=0,0170,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa pendidikan, pengetahuan dan pendapatan keluarga memiliki pengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan jamban.Kata kunci: Jamban; Pemanfaatan; Faktor pengaruh.Â AbstractAccording to a WHO survey (2015), Indonesia is one of the largest countries whose population defecates in rivers, rice fields, gardens, and open places, which is 12.9%. Data on the use of Tanjungbalai City latrines in 2022 shows that the use of family latrines as defecation facilities is still low at 31%. The novelty of this study is that it analyzes the use of restrooms by the community from the aspects of education, family income, and knowledge. This study aimed to explore the factors that affect the use of bathrooms in Environment VII of Betting Kuala Kapias Village, Tanjung Balai City. This type of research is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional study approach. The number of samples in this study was 76 respondents with simple random sampling techniques. The data analysis technique used is the Chi-Square test. This study's results show that education influences the use of restrooms with a p-value = 0.000 (p = 0.0000.05). There is an influence on income level with latrine utilization with p-value = 0.000 (p=0.0020.05). There is an influence on the level of knowledge with the utilization of latrines with a p-value = 0.017 (p=0.0170.05). This study concludes that education, learning, and family income influence the use of restrooms.Keywords: Latrine; Utilization; Influence factor.
THE EFFECT OF GIVING AMBON BANANA ON HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS OF ADOLESCENT WOMEN
Authors: Ibrahim Fatmawati , Bau Wawa Amalia , Z Sri Nurlaily
Published: March 2023

Anemia merupakan masalah gizi yang banyak terdapat di seluruh dunia, bahkan WHO menyebutkan bahwa anemia merupakan 10 masalah kesehatan terbesar di abad modern ini. Kelompok yang beresiko tinggi menderita anemia salah satunya adalah remaja putri. Kebarauan penelitian ini karena menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pisang ambon terhadap kadar hemoglobin remaja putri. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pisang ambon terhadap kadar hemoglobin remaja putri di SMA Negeri 1 Kabila Kabupaten Bone Bolango. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian pre-experiment dengan rancangan penelitian pretest posttest. Analisa data dengan menggunakan uji paired sample t-test. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 114 orang dan sampel berjumlah 32 orang yang diambil dengan menggunkan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusiÂ  remaja yang memiliki kadar HB 12g/dl dan kriteria eklusi remaja yang baru sembuh dari sakit dan remaja putri yang tidak teratur mengkonsumsi pisang ambon, serta remaja yang tidak mengkonsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata kadar hemoglobin remaja putri setelah diberikan pisang ambon yakni sebesar 1,07gr/dl dan standar deviasi 1,27. Sedangkan nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,000 0,05. Kesimpulannya terdapat pengaruh pemberian pisang ambon terhadap kadar hemoglobin remaja putri di SMAN 1 Kabila Kabupaten Bone Bolango.Kata Kunci : Kadar Hemoglobin; Pisang Ambon; Remaja Putri.Â AbstractAnemia is a nutritional problem that is widely found throughout the world. Even WHO mentions that anemia is the 10 biggest health problem in the modern century. One of the groups at high risk of suffering from anemia is young women. The purpose of this study is because it analyzes the effect of ambon banana administration on the hemoglobin levels of young women. The study aimed to investigate the impact of ambon banana administration on the hemoglobin levels of adolescent girls at Bone Bolango District State High School. This research method uses pre-experiment research with a posttest pretest research design. Data analysis using paired sample t-test. The population in this study was 114 people, and a sample of 32 people was taken using purposive sampling techniques with inclusion criteria for adolescents who had HB levels 12g/dl and exclusion criteria for adolescents who had just recovered from illness and young women who irregularly consumed ambon bananas, as well as adolescents who did not consume Blood Add Tablets. The results showed that the average value or difference in the intermediate hemoglobin level of young women after being given ambon bananas was 1.07gr / dl and the standard deviation was 1.27. While the sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 0.05 means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. In conclusion, giving ambon bananas affects the hemoglobin levels of young women at SMAN 1 Kabila, Bone Bolango Regency.