bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Price risk management in the wheat market using option strategies
Authors: Bobriková Martina
Published: July 2021

Recently, the agricultural business is displayed a greater amount of risk because of price volatility growth. Consequently, it is necessary to have knowledge of how to regulate the risk of price fluctuations. This paper is concerned with the hedging techniques in the commodity market by the help of vanilla options. The main idea is to analyze option strategies with the ambition to demonstrate their utilization by hedging against increasing prices. Hedged buying price formulas are derived for every spot futures price. An additional contribution is considered for applying in the wheat trading. Chicago Mercantile Exchange products, i.e. wheat options on futures are investigated. The profitability of hedged scenarios is examined. A comparative analysis of the designed hedging variants is presented. Suggestions for potential wheat buyers are proposed.
Information technology as an indicator of the level of organizational performance
Authors: Mitić Siniša , Popović Jovanka , Poštin Jasmina , Ćilerdžić Vesna , Szabó László
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the results of research into the impact of information technology (IT) on individual and organizational performances in companies in Serbia: job satisfaction (JS), communication satisfaction (CS), organizational commitment (OCM), organizational trust (ITW), organizational learning (OL) and financial performance (FP). The data were obtained from a questionnaire completed by N = 380 middle managers from 102 companies in Serbia. The methods used for statistical data processing were: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and the t-test. The main conclusions of the study are: 1. Information technology items in companies in Serbia are slightly above average values. 2. The level of information technology in the company is an indicator of the level of organizational performance in the company. 3. The level of information technology in the company has direct and indirect positive impacts on the level of a number of organizational performances in the company.
Adrenal incidentalomas: Effect of size on cortisol secretion and clinical features
Authors: Stojković Mirjana , Ćirić Jasmina , Beleslin Biljana , Trifunović Nemanja , Stojanović Miloš , Miletić Marija , Janić Tamara , Žarković Miloš
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adrenal incidentaloma size, cortisol secretion suppressibility by Dexamethasone and relevant clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: This retrospective study included all patients diagnosed with adrenal incidentaloma and admitted to the single department of the Clinic of endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism during the period from 2012 till the end of 2019. The inclusion criterion was the presence of an asymptomatic adrenal mass on imaging not performed for suspected adrenal disease. The study group included 197 subjects. Adrenal masses were detected using CT or NMR scan. We analysed the correlation between tumour size and relevant hormonal and clinical parameters. Results: We found a significant positive correlation between incidentaloma size and morning cortisol, cortisol after overnight Dexamethasone, and a significant negative correlation between incidentaloma size and morning ACTH, and hip T score. Also, there was a weak but statistically significant correlation between incidentaloma size and systolic blood pressure. Conclusions: Our study shows that the prevalence of adrenal autonomous cortisol secretion increases with incidentaloma size, and that prevalence of hypertension and osteoporosis also increases with an increase of incidentaloma size.
'Human, all to human': Bare repetition and organism in minimal music
Authors: Filipović Andrija
Published: July 2021

The main thesis in this work is that minimalism produces neutral sensory perception and is thereby complicit not only in the production of the body qua organism, but also in the wider socio-politico-economic environment that such a conception of the body entails. Minimalism produces neutral sensory perception by insisting on "bare repetition", the literal, direct, and immediate materiality of the work of art; in other words, it insists on a specific ontological relation between difference and the same, whereby the same, singular, and identical, predicated on representational thought, replace the different, which is expressed in becoming. Minimalism, neutral perception, the relative immanence of capitalism, and the body qua organism constitute a sort of chain, which should be subjected to critical analysis and a critique based on the concepts of difference, event, and encounter.
'Beyond zero: 1914 -1918': A centery after
Authors: Prodanov-Krajišnik Ira , Crnjanski Nataša
Published: July 2021

To mark the centennial of WWI, Aleksandra Vrebalov wrote a new string quartet Beyond Zero: 1914-1918 which accompanied a film by Bill Morrison. The paper presents the means with which the musical structure was created to resonate with the subject, especially the technique of using quotations (musical and non-musical) in order to make the music more "pictorial". The film, made from archive material preserved from WWI, with all its elements of devastation, uses moving pictures to the accompaniment of the "sounding pictures" of music.
The state of forests in the area of Novi Pazar forest administration
Authors: Hadrović Sabahudin , Cvejić Milijana
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the state of forests in the area of Novi Pazar forest administration, with the focus on increasing the forest cover area and the volume per area. One of the ways to increase this area is to make it purposeful, i.e., to afforest the land with one single tree species and to put it in the function of biomass production. As can be seen from the paper, the volume per unit of area is small, indicating that the existing stands require adequate measures of forest tending and protection and a strictly defined (projected) allowable cut.
Spray-on Ceramic Insulation up to 450°C and Encapsulating existing corrosion without sandblast
Authors: Pritchett Joseph E.
Published: July 2021

Ceramic compounds have been around for many years, but the research to find which compounds, what size, crystalline structure and density would perform to block “heat load” is the keys the selecting the correct compounds to use. “Blocking heat load from radiation or resisting the absorption and loading of heat when used over a hot surface” is determined by the aspects stated above. None of this could be determined from the ceramic catalogs of listed compounds stating referenced characteristics. To determine how a compound would react in a paint/coating form could only be realized by trial and error when the compound is mixed in a resin solution with other compounds to see the result. This process has taken 23 years and over 3600 compounds to find 12 compounds that will continue to work when wet and mixed with other materials.

As to the corrosion encapsulation without the need for sandblasting, this was studied after finding that most all corrosion protection specifications require sandblast, primers and top coats which over time did not perform as theory had projected. Part of the reason is due to the time frame after the blast is performed before the paints are applied. By the time the paints are applied a flash rust or bloom has set up and the surface is now out of specification and the result is a failure of the system. Research was applied on how a corrosion coating could be made to first penetrate deep into the pores of metal or rust, then swell and encapsulate the pores and/or surface rust before it sets up to 6780 psi surface tensile strength. In this way, the surface rust is used as the profile needed to anchor the coating and add to the strength of the coated film.
Foreign Shipyard Coatings Benchmarking Study
Authors: Kattan Raouf , Broderick Darren , Cogswell Steve , Blakey Judie , Ault Peter
Published: July 2021

US Yards have undertaken benchmarking studies under the auspices of the national Shipbuilding Program for many years. However during that time little emphasis has been placed on the coating process. During that time however, coatings have increasingly become problematic at new construction in particular as a result of the relative increase in labor content, the increased regulatory and environmental burdens and the impact on the build schedule and strategy of what is often a bottleneck process.
Improved Welder Productivity
Authors: Haverly Craig M. , Kamins Edward M. , Krieger Sean , Finke Daniel A.
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the progress made in the development of a “Smart Welder” system consisting of “state of the industry” networked welding power supplies, welding productivity software, and a new programmatic “go / no-go” decision to reduce the potential for wrong weld wire (WWW) occurrences and the resulting rework at General Dynamics Electric Boat. A secondary focus of this effort is to facilitate the checks required of a welder prior to striking an arc which should result in a reduced welder start-up time, enabling the welder to be more like a surgeon who has his tools assembled and ready at the start of his task. A prototype “Smart Welder” System is under development and is expected to save $1.78M/VIRGINIA Class Submarine.
Evaluation of Model-Based Engineering Tools for Thermal Forming of a Complex Hull Plate
Authors: Kim Hyunok , Yang Yu-Ping , Castner Harvey , Shin Jong-Gye , Huang T. D. , Harbison Michael
Published: July 2021

Two model-based engineering tools, Automated Thermal Plate Forming (ATPF) software and Wise Heating (WH) software were used to predict the thermal forming process parameters for a selected complex hull plate shape. The predicted process parameters and heating plan were evaluated by conducting finite-element (FE) simulations of thermal forming and comparing the final predicted geometry with the target hull shape (Fig. 1). The ATPF demonstrated the capability to generate heating plans with an induction heating source and the WH demonstrated its capability to predict a heating plan with an oxy-fuel torch heating source.
The use of a 3D CAD System for early design in shipbuilding
Authors: Perez Rodrigo , Alonso Verónica , Valderrama Antonio
Published: July 2021

At early design stages is where most part of the decisions and costs are compromised, and where 2D drawings are still widely used. The idea of using a single tool for the whole process, starting with the creation of a 3D model at early design stages has been profusely required in naval shipbuilding. It is not easy to convince the agents involved about the advantage of having an increased work at early phases although that will be largely reused downstream. This paper describes in detail the benefits of changing the process for minor warships design, by means of using an advanced CAD tool from the early stages and explaining the advantage in terms of quality and cost. The most remarkable benefits come from the data integrity and the avoidance of long design periods and cost increases due to errors, re-work and inconsistencies. The main challenges refer to the integration of all stages and disciplines, relying on the use of a single CAD tool that must be effective at all stages, including those in basic design such as the quick definition of the 3D model, as well as in the transfer of a simplified model to the analysis and calculation tools. This paper describes SENER findings in minor warships, as an example of engineering work, by means of an approach based on the use of FORAN, a shipbuilding oriented CAD System.
Assessment of bulk designs enabled by the Panama Canal expansion
Authors: Lindstad Haakon
Published: July 2021

Traditionally seagoing vessels have been designed and optimized to operate at maximum economic speeds based on hydrodynamic considerations. More recently, high fuel prices and increased environmental concerns have challenged this practice. In combination with the introduction of stricter energy efficiency requirements, this makes design improvement a necessity for all new bulk vessels. This is in contradiction to traditional bulk vessel designs, where the focus has been on maximizing the cargo-carrying capacity at the lowest possible building cost, and not on reducing the energy consumption. Moreover, historically the Panama Canal has been an important design criterion, while the new canal locks from 2014 will significantly increase the maximum size of vessels that can sail through the canal. This expansion will enable cost and emission reductions through employing larger vessels or by more cost and energy efficient designs being introduced. The present paper provides an assessment of what can be achieved by employing larger bulk vessels and by introducing more energy efficient designs with focus on a vessel’s beam, length and hull slenderness expressed by the length displacement ratio.
Management’s choice of tone in letters to shareholders: sincerity, bias and incentives
Authors: Hadro Dominika , Klimczak Karol Marek , Pauka Marek
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar los factores que impulsan las decisiones de los directivos en materia de información en un entorno caracterizado por la concentración de la propiedad y la escasa aplicación de la ley. Investigaciones anteriores indican que el tono de la carta a los accionistas está correlacionado con los resultados. Sin embargo, el tono puede estar sesgado hacia lo positivo cuando una empresa es muy sensible a los incentivos del mercado de valores o está controlada por inversores mayoritarios. El sesgo puede reducirse gracias a las actividades de supervisión de los inversores institucionales en las empresas de capital cerrado. El estudio tiene dos implicaciones importantes. En primer lugar, cuando los directivos sesgan el texto, pierden la capacidad de comunicar noticias positivas sobre su empresa. En el marco de las expectativas racionales, los inversores pueden detectar el sesgo basándose en los incentivos situacionales conocidos y desestimar la información sesgada. En segundo lugar, los resultados sugieren que los directivos manipulan el tono estratégicamente, y no de forma inconsciente, para satisfacer las necesidades de los principales grupos de accionistas.

This paper aims to identify the drivers of management reporting choices in a setting characterized by ownership concentration and weak enforcement. Previous research indicates, that tone of the letter to shareholders is correlated with performance. However, tone can be biased towards the positive when a company is highly responsive to stock market incentives or controlled by majority investors. Bias can be reduced by the monitoring activities of institutional investors in closely held companies. There are two major implications of the study. First, when managers bias the text, they lose the ability to communicate positive news about their company. Under rational expectations investors can detect bias based on known situational incentives and disregard the biased information. Second, the results suggest that managers manipulate tone strategically, rather than unconsciously, to satisfy the needs of key shareholder groups.
Undervisning i praktisk færdighedsudøvelse i en digital tid
Authors: Jensen Maja Melballe , Lyngsø Anita , Møller Eval Rud
Published: July 2021

Artiklen undersøger, hvilke undervisningselementer i praktiske færdighedsudøvelse på sundhedsuddannelserne, som undervisere oplevede værende didaktisk egnede eller uegnede til digitalisering under Coronapandemien. Empirien består af interviews med seks undervisere fordelt på tre sundhedsuddannelser, som har undervist i praktisk færdighedsudøvelse under nedlukningen foråret 2020. Underviserne beskriver, hvordan de under nedlukningen omlagde undervisningen og reflekterer over (re)didaktisering af fremtidig undervisning, både online og i professionslokalerne. Analysen viser, at teoretisk undervisning og demonstration af praktiske færdigheder kan digitaliseres og flyttes ud af professionslokalerne og placeres i forberedelsen, gerne i form af videoer. Hermed skabes mere tid til træning af de praktiske færdigheder i professionslokalet. Samtidig er det tydeligt, at dele af undervisningen skal forblive i professionslokalerne grundet den autentiske kontekst.
El Color del COVID-19
Authors: Echarri Fernando , Barrio Teresa , Urpi Carmen
Published: July 2021

Los museos pueden incorporar eventos destacados a su programación educativa, como es el caso de la pandemia Covid-19 que actualmente está afectando numerosos aspectos de la sociedad, tanto en aspectos personales, familiars, escolares y comunitarios. El Covid-19 se ha convertido en un centro de interés para las personas susceptible de ser aprovechado por las instituciones educativas. Entre ellas, el Museo Universidad de Navarra ha querido transformar la situación que esta pandemia genera en una oportunidad educativa. Para ello ha desarrollado el programa “256 colores, after Vik Muniz” con el principal objetivo de fomentar la inteligencia creativa y emocional en los escolares a través del arte. Se trata de un proyecto colaborativo en el que han participado 704 escolares de educación primaria de 23 centros educativos. La instrucción educativa programada utiliza la creatividad para generar una introspección que ayuda a la identificación y gestión emocional en esta situación de pandemia, buscando la experiencia significativa como método para fomenter un aprendizaje más significativo. La creatividad se ha potenciado mediante sinergias contextuales con obras de arte reales de las exposiciones del propio Museo, especialmente con la obra “256 colors, after Gerhard Richter” (2015), del artista brasileño Vik Muniz. La realidad generada por el Covid ha obligado al Museo a adaptarse para realizar el programa educativo en dos escenarios diferentes: modalidad presencial en el Museo o en el centro educativo. En este segundo caso la visita a la exposición del artista Vik Muniz se ha realizado de manera virtual.
¿Qué es y hacia dónde va la fotografía?
Authors: Baltar-Moreno Adolfo
Published: July 2021

Reseña del libro Ismos para entender la fotografía de Emma Lewis (Turner, 2017)
La transversalidad invisible de la creatividad
Authors: Gestal Montse Vázquez , Ruão Teresa
Published: July 2021

La pandemia del COVID 19, que ha venido a tumbar una manera de entender el mundo y la vida, ha puesto de nuevo en evidencia la necesidad de los resultados creativos como consecuencia de mirar las cosas de manera diferente. La creatividad es uno de los conceptos más transversales que existen, con una importancia reconocida en todas las parcelas del pensamiento humano, a pesar de ello y del reconocimiento de las capacidades creativas, su aprendizaje y enseñanza sigue siendo escasa en la formación educativa, hablemos del nivel que sea. Estas cuestiones se tratan en las propuestas presentadas en este monográfico donde los escritos desde el ámbito educativo son mayoritarios, dejando entrever la importancia de esta ausencia que, a pesar de reformas, crisis y pandemias sigue sin tener el papel que le corresponde en la formación de las personas.
La distribución de cortometrajes en la era digital. Entry fees y plataformas de distribución.
Authors: Martín Sanz Álvaro
Published: July 2021

Con el cierre por parte de Amazon de la plataforma americana de distribución de obras audiovisuales Withoutabox parece haberse abierto una nueva perspectiva acerca de quién ocupará el lugar hegemónico dentro de la batalla por la distribución del cortometraje en Internet. Mucho ha avanzado el sistema industrial de la distribución desde que con el auge del mundo digital los envíos online fueran ganando poco a poco espacio al tradicional envío postal. Así, varios actores de distinta procedencia tales como Filmfreeway, Festhome, Clickforfestivals, Movibeta, Filmfestivallife o Shotfilmdepot pugnan por ganar espacio en un competitivo mercado que ha eliminado intermediarios estrechando la relación del cineasta con el festival de cine. El presente artículo busca analizar la situación actual de las plataformas de distribución online en base a dos de sus principales variables: el número de festivales que tienen y cómo fijan la relación de las tasas de participación en estos (entry fees) con su modelo de negocio.
La alteridad en el discurso de la ciencia ficción: identidad y desarraigo en Beforeigners (HBO: 2019- )
Authors: Donstrup Mayte
Published: July 2021

La representación del miedo hacia el Otro ha sido una de las temáticas más recurrentes en el género de la ciencia ficción. En esta línea, esta investigación articula un análisis de la serie noruega Beforeigners en torno al discurso de la identidad. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa, se ha realizado un análisis textual que ha puesto de manifiesto que en la serie prevalecen los valores comunitarios y solidarios. En la discusión se han contrapuestos los resultados con otras series del género y se ha evidenciado lo paradigmático de la narrativa de la serie. Asimismo, se destaca el tono crítico de la serie hacia las políticas de inmigración de la Unión Europea.
El uso político de Facebook en la campaña de las Elecciones Locales de 2015 en la ciudad de València
Authors: Gamir-Ríos José
Published: July 2021

Esta investigación analiza la utilización de Facebook en campaña electoral por parte de los principales candidatos y partidos políticos que se presentaron a las Elecciones Locales de 2015 en la ciudad de València. El trabajo aplica un análisis cuantitativo y de contenido a los 558 mensajes publicados en esta red social por parte de PP, Compromís, Ciudadanos, PSOE y València en Comú, así como de sus respectivos candidatos. Los resultados evidencian un uso unidireccional, con una mayor actividad de los partidos pequeños o emergentes, así como instrumental, centrado en la difusión de informaciones sobre la propia campaña.
Editorial
Authors: Vicente-Mariño Miguel , López García Guillermo
Published: July 2021

Dejando atrás ya las dos primeras décadas del siglo XXI, las grandes instituciones transmiten la constante sensación de hallarse inmersas en crisis que cuestionan tanto su legitimidad actual como su supervivencia futura. Los sistemas políticos democráticos, anclados en la representación parlamentaria a través de partidos políticos elegidos en comicios periódicos abiertos al conjunto de la ciudadanía, no son ajenos a esta característica, como tampoco son capaces de escapar de ella los sistemas de medios de comunicación. La reunión científica “Democracias frágiles: polarización, populismo y desinformación en un contexto mediático híbrido”, celebrada en un escenario que unía Valencia (sede de la modalidad presencial) con un sinfín de pantallas en diversos puntos del planeta (modalidad en línea) durante los días 11, 12 y 13 de noviembre de 2020, se presentó como una oportunidad para reflexionar sobre esta compleja dinámica que hace que una crisis se encadene con la siguiente, contribuyendo a que la inestabilidad se convierta en el referente analítico más estable para explicar la realidad sociopolítica que construimos. Dígitos, Revista de Comunicación Digital, se hace eco de esta sugerente temática recogiendo en su séptimo numero algunas contribuciones de interés presentadas en este foro y complementándolas con otros trabajos recibidos en el marco de una convocatoria complementaria específica, abierta a la comunidad investigadora interesada en el ámbito de la comunicación política. En su conjunto, dichas aportaciones configuran el monográfico de este número: “Grietas democráticas: riesgos y amenazas en una esfera pública mediatizada”, coordinado por el profesor Miguel Vicente Mariño (Universidad de Valladolid).
INTERVALNI TRENINZI VISOKOG INTENZITETA ŠKOLSKE DECE
Authors: Čaprić Ilma , Manić Mila , Đorđević Dušan , Zećirović Armin , Mavrić Adem , Mekić Raid , Hačković Samir
Published: July 2021

Visokointenzivni intervalni trening se koristi za poboljšanje maksimalnog unosa kiseonika i aerobno funkcionalnog kapaciteta školske dece. Do sada je otkriveno da visokointenzivni intervalni trening (HIIT) efikasno utiče na poboljšanje anaerobnih sposobnosti. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se na osnovu sistematskog pregleda velikog broja studija koji su se bavili uticajem intervalnim treninzima visokog inteziteta utvrditi efikasnost I uticaj HIIT treninga na poboljšanje VO2 kod školske dece. Pretrage su vršene u sledećim elektronskim bazama: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science i Research Gate, koristeći sve dostupne radove do 30. aprila 2020.godine. Korišćene su sledeće ključne reči: „high-intensity interval“, „training“, „hiit“, „training“. Pretraga se pretežno odnosila na engleski jezik i originalne naučne radove iz dostupnih časopisa. U prvoj fazi pretrage, proverena je relevantnost naslova i apstrakata identifikovanih radova. U drugoj fazi pretrage, kompletni radovi su preuzeti i razmatrani za inkluziju. Reference iz svih sakupljenih radova su pregledane da bi se dobilo više istraživanja koja su proučavala ovu oblast. Ukupno je 10 studija zadovoljilo kriterijume za uključivanje i bile su uključene u sistematski pregled. Intervalnim treninzima visokog inteziteta dovodi do poboljšanja VO2, VO2max, O2 i drugih fiziloških parametara kod školske dece primenom različitih intervalnih treninga visokog inteziteta. Programi od šest, deset i dvanaest nedelja, dovode do poboljšanja fizioloških parametara školske dece, dok se sedmonedeljni program visokointervalnih treninga pokazao kao najbolji program u odnosu na trajanje i intezitet programa. Na osnovu analize i diskusije radova koji su uzeti u sistematsko istraživanje može se zaključiti da prema dužini trajanja programa, minimalni period gde može doći do poboljšanja VO2 i VO2max i drugih fizioloških sposobnosti je šest nedelja, a da uobičajno nedeljno opterećenje bude dva do tri treninga nedeljno.
PLANIRANJE I PROGRAMIRANJE TRENINGA U NATJECATELJSKOM PERIODU U ŽENSKOM NOGOMETU
Authors: Androja Luka , Terzić Veronika
Published: July 2021

Planiranje i programiranje treninga čine vrlo složen proces, a posebno planiranje i programiranje tijekom natjecateljskog perioda. Natjecanje u ženskom nogometu traje sveukupno pet do šest mjeseci i podjeljeno je u dvije podsezone. Natjecateljski period je period mezociklusa koji je sačinjen od više mikrociklusa. U tom periodu ostvaruje se intenzivan trenažni rad kako bi nogometašice došle do najveće razine svojih sposobnosti. Treneri trebaju znati upravljati sportskom formom s ciljem da nogometašice najspremnije dočekaju najvažniju fazu natjecanja. Da bi se ista održala potrebno je provoditi treninge specifičnih i situacijskih kondicijskih vježbi koje povezuju funkcionalne, motoričke i tehničkotaktičke ciljeve. Intenzitet ovakvih treninga bi trebao biti vrlo visok (80-100%). Udio kondicijskog treninga u natjecateljskom periodu trebao bi iznositi oko 30%, a studije su pokazale da su za održavanje kondicijskih sposobnosti potrebna 1-2 podražaja tjedno, pod uvjetom da je intenzitet visok. Sedmodnevni mikrociklus se sastoji od 5 pojedinačnih treninga, utakmice i dana za odmor. Nogometašice tijekom sezone odigravaju 20-25 utakmica različite težine i važnosti. Raspored tih utakmica određuje dinamiku opterećenja, što znači ako je u mikrociklusu važna utakmica, primjenjuje se niža energetska komponenta opterećenja te obrnuto. Treneri i stručno osoblje bi se trebali kontinuirano educirati u vidu planiranja i programiranja sportskog treninga, kako bi stekli nova znanja o upravljanju sportskom formom u svim periodima, fazama i uvjetima tijekom sezone, a s posebnim naglaskom na natjecateljskom period.
EFFECTS OF CREATINE MONOHYDRATE TO STRENGTH AND BODY COMPOSITION
Authors: Bjelica Bojan , Aksović Nikola , Alempijević Radica , Zelenović Milan , Dragović Ivan
Published: July 2021

Creatine has become highly popular supplement among athletes. Contemporary research also suggests that there is also a large number of potential therapeutic applications of creatine. Aim of this systematic overview is to test the effects of CR to muscle strength and body composition on the basis of the collected data and analysed papers published in the period 2018–2020. Literature research was performed in the following data bases: PubMed, Scholar Google and DOAJ. Papers were selected according to multiple criteria and they suggest that CR in combination with an exercise program produces results in increase of muscle mass and strength and it reduces time required for execution of a specific activity. Changes in body composition were observed in increase of total mass and muscle mass, as well as amount of water in body composition. Use of CR in amount of 10-20 g per day and frequency of 4–5 days a week is an efficient tool used for increase in sport performances and positive changes in body composition.
HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAININGS IN SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Čaprić Ilma , Manić Mila , Đorđević Dušan , Zećirović Armin , Mavrić Adem , Mekić Raid , Hačković Samir
Published: July 2021

High-intensity interval training is used to improve maximum oxygen intake and aerobic functional capacity of school children. So far, it has been discovered that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is effective in improving anaerobic capacity. Aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness and impact of HIIT training on the improvement of VO2 in schoolchildren based on a systematic review of a large number of studies that have addressed the impact of high-intensity interval training. Following electronic databases were searched: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science and Research Gate, using all papers available by April 30, 2020. The following keywords were used: "high-intensity interval", "training", "HIIT", "training". The search was mostly related to English and original scientific papers from available journals. In the first phase of the search, the relevance of the titles and abstracts of the identified papers was checked. In the second phase of the search, the complete papers were downloaded and considered for inclusion. References from all collected papers were reviewed to obtain more research that studied this area. Total of 10 studies met the criteria and were included into the systematic review. High-intensity interval training leads to the improvement of VO2, VO2max, O2 and other physiological parameters in school children by applying various high-intensity interval training programs. Programs in duration of six, ten and twelve weeks lead to the improvement of physiological parameters of school children, while the seven-week program of high-interval training proved to be the best program in relation to the duration and intensity of the program. Based on the analysis and discussion of the papers observed in the systematic research, it can be concluded that, according to the duration of the program, the minimum period where VO2 and VO2max and other physiological abilities can improve is six weeks, and the usual weekly load is two to three workouts per week.
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF THE MOVEMENT RANGE MEASUREMENT OF TOP SOCCER PLAYERS DURING THE MATCH MEASURED USING THE SOFTWARE SYSTEM TRACKING MOTION BIOIRC
Authors: Radaković Radivoje , Dopsaj Milivoj , Filipović Nenad
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the internal and external validity of measuring the range of motion of top players during a match measured using Software System Tracking Motion BIOIRC. The research was conducted on a sample of 63 players, who were recorded during 11 official matches from the following clubs or national teams: Red Star F.C. Belgrade; Radnicki 1923 F. C. Kragujevac; Partizan F. C. Belgrade; Bordoaux F. C. Bordoaux; senior national teams of Serbia and the National Team of Belgium. The variables provide estimates of the variability of the movement of top players during the game, followed by the software system Tracking motion (BioIRC, Kragujevac, Serbia). The parameters of the movement structure were analyzed by a descriptive statistical method, and the reliability of the monitored variables was examined using linear regression analysis. Based on the obtained results of player movement during the analyzed matches, it can be concluded that the internal and external validity of the range of player movement during the first and second half of the match is very high, both at the level of the whole team and the team lines.
Respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells exhibit differential susceptibility and innate immune responses to contemporary EV-D68 isolates
Authors: Freeman Megan Culler , Wells Alexandra I , Ciomperlik-Patton Jessica , Myerburg Michael M , Yang Liheng , Konopka-Anstadt Jennifer , Coyne Carolyn B
Published: July 2021

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been implicated in outbreaks of severe respiratory illness and is associated with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). EV-D68 is often detected in patient respiratory samples but has also been detected in stool and wastewater, suggesting the potential for both respiratory and enteric routes of transmission. Here, we used a panel of EV-D68 isolates, including a historical pre-2014 isolate and multiple contemporary isolates from AFM outbreak years, to define the dynamics of viral replication and the host response to infection in primary human airway cells and stem cell-derived enteroids. We show that some recent EV-D68 isolates have decreased sensitivity to acid and temperature compared with earlier isolates and that the respiratory, but not intestinal, epithelium induces a robust type III interferon response that restricts infection. Our findings define the differential responses of the respiratory and intestinal epithelium to contemporary EV-D68 isolates and suggest that a subset of isolates have the potential to target both the human airway and gastrointestinal tracts.
Study to Determine the Efficacy of Illizarov Fixator for the Treatment of Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Afzal Tanveer , Keerio Niaz Hussain , Joyo Muhammad Rafique , Ahmed Nizam , Shah Ghazanfar Ali , Khanzada Aftab Alam , Noor Syed Shahid
Published: July 2021

Aim: To evaluate the results of illizarov external fixation using ligamentotaxis technique in high-energy plateau fractures of the tibia.

Methodology: The external fixation of illizarov external fixation using ligamentotaxis was performed in 32 patients aged 18-50 years due to high-energy plateau fractures of the tibia. 18 on the right knee and 14 on the left knee. 28had closed wound and four had open wound fractures. According to the classification of Schatzker’s; classification was carried out for fractures. After two years (range 12 to 24 months) of follow-up, each affected knee was assessed using the Knee Society Score (KSS).

Results: There were 24Schatzker type VI and eight type V fractures of the tibia. Complications included deep infection in two cases, one patient had pin tract infection, deep vein thrombosis in two patients and one had fusional defect. The knee motionmean range was 120 degrees of flexion and six degrees of deficiency in extension. According to the KSS criteria, the outcomes were excellent in 22 patients (68.75%), 4 patients (12.5%)have good results, moderate in 5 patients (15.65%) and weak in 1 patient (3.12%).

Conclusion: Ilizarov External fixation gives good anatomicalreduction of joint surface, earlypainfreewt bear, stable fixation and maintain soft tissue envelope without major complications.
Research on the Monocular Ranging Method of the Leading Vehicle in Multi-weather
Authors: Tian Yong , Li Quancai , Guo Shuman , Fu Gongrou , Wang Shichang , Guo Junkai
Published: July 2021

In order to improve the accuracy of the monocular distance measurement of the vehicle in front under sunny, cloudy, rainy, snowy, and foggy weather, an improved pixel-mapping monocular distance measurement method is proposed. This method is based on eight-connected domains to detect the front vehicle, obtain the line pixels of the target vehicle in the image, and fit the image line pixels to the corresponding real longitudinal distance function, and combine the fitted function with the internal and external parameters of the camera. An improved pixel-mapping monocular ranging model is obtained. Set up a test environment under different weather to verify the feasibility of the algorithm. The results show that in the four environments, the detectable distances are within 70m, 60m, 30m, and 40m respectively; the error of the improved pixel-mapping monocular ranging method is reduced by 0.6% on average compared with before the improvement, up to 0.92% ; The improved algorithm ranging errors under the four weathers are 1.8513%, 2.6987%, 4.0137%, and 2.5795% respectively, which achieves the purpose of improving the accuracy of the monocular distance measurement of the vehicle in front under multiple weather conditions.
Pheromones in Vertebrates
Authors: Murata Ken , Touhara Kazushige
Published: July 2021

Pheromones are chemical signals released from a donor individual that elicit a specific response in a recipient of the same species. Pheromone effects are generally classified into two types: releaser effects that induce a relatively rapid specific behaviour, and primer effects that lead to long‐term physiological or developmental changes in the recipient animal. Since the discovery of insect pheromones, decades of behavioural, anatomical, molecular and genetic studies have revealed a wide variety of pheromones and their functions as well as their receptors in numerous animal species. Further, neural mechanisms underlying pheromone‐induced behaviour have been investigated in mice by using state‐of‐the‐art neuroscience and molecular biology techniques.

Key Concepts

Vertebrates produce structurally and functionally various types of pheromones.

A large repertoire of G protein‐coupled pheromone receptors (i.e. olfactory or vomeronasal receptors) have evolved in vertebrates.

Each olfactory or vomeronasal sensory neuron expresses a single type of receptor and projects the axon to the main olfactory bulb (MOB) or the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), respectively.

A pheromone signal from MOB/AOB is transmitted to the amygdala that relays the signal to the hypothalamus, resulting in inducing stereotypic behaviors and/or neuroendocrine changes.

Pheromone signals are modulated by internal states and experiences.
Sphingobium
Authors: Singhvi Nirjara , Urvashi FNU , Gundawar Krishna , Gupta Vipin , Korpole Suresh , Lal Rup
Published: July 2021

Sphin.go'bi.um. N.L. neut. n.
sphingosinum
(from Gr. gen. n.
sphingos
, of sphinx, and suff. ‐
ine
) sphingosine; N.L. pref.
sphingo
‐, pertaining to sphingosine; Gr. masc. n.
bios
, life; N.L. neut. n.
Sphingobium
, sphingosine‐containing life.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Sphingomonadales / Sphingomonadaceae / Sphingobium

The genus
Sphingobium
belongs to the phylum
Proteobacteria
, class
Alphaproteobacteria
, order
Sphingomonadales
, and family
Sphingomonadaceae
. Members of this genus can be differentiated from other close relatives of the genera
Sphingomonas
,
Sphingopyxis
, and
Novosphingobium
by their cell morphology, mode of nutrition, composition of fatty acids, distribution of polar lipids in the bacterial cell wall, polyamine pattern, respiratory quinones, accumulation of poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules, and degradation of xenobiotics such as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Several members had been isolated from different biological niches such as freshwater bodies, activated sludge, green algae, sediments, seawater, hydrocarbon‐contaminated sites, copper mines, rice rhizosphere, lettuce corky root, cold springs, vermicompost, and industrial wastewater treatment systems. Most of the members are slow‐growing, motile or nonmotile, nonsporulating, and flagellated or nonflagellated (bear polar or sub‐polar flagella). Able to assimilate a wide range of carbohydrates. Broad substrate specificities and diverse enzymatic activities make them promising candidates for the degradation of several environmental pollutants. Exploitation of their metabolic potential could open up new avenues in industrial microbiology. As per the genome taxonomy database, 103 genomes (draft as well as complete) of different strains of the genus
Sphingobium
are available on EzBioCloud. Such a large number of sequences provides an opportunity for taxonomic researchers to understand this genus in detail.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.8–66.8.

Type species
:
Sphingobium yanoikuyae
Takeuchi et al. 2001
VP
(basonym:
Sphingomonas yanoikuyae
Yabuuchi et al. 1990, VL34)).
Calditrichales
Authors: Bonch‐Osmolovskaya Elizaveta A. , Kublanov Ilya V.
Published: July 2021

Cal.di.tri.cha'les N.L. masc. n.
Caldithrix
type genus of the order; ‐
ales
ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Calditrichales
the
Caldithrix
order.

Calditrichota / Calditrichia / Calditrichales

The order
Calditrichales
accommodates Gram‐stain‐negative bacteria with rod‐shaped cells. Known members of the order are obligate anaerobes, moderate thermophiles, and neutrophiles, growing either chemoorganoheterotrophically by fermentation of peptides or carbohydrates, or by anaerobic respiration with nitrate, or chemolithoheterotrophically using molecular hydrogen as the electron donor with nitrate as the electron acceptor. Inhabit deep‐sea or shallow‐water submarine hydrothermal environments. The type genus is
Caldithrix
. The order contains the single family
Calditrichaceae
and belongs to the class
Calditrichia
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 43.3–47.3 (
T
m
and genome sequence).

Type genus
:
Caldithrix
Miroshnichenko et al. 2003
VP
.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Copper Metal Films from Cu(acac)2 and Hydroquinone Reductant
Authors: Tripathi Tripurari Sharan , Wilken Martin , Hoppe Christian , de los Arcos Teresa , Grundmeier Guido , Devi Anjana , Karppinen Maarit
Published: July 2021

High‐quality copper metal thin films are demanded for a number of advanced technologies. Herein, a facile ALD (atomic layer deposition) process for the fabrication of Cu metal films directly from two solid readily usable precursors, copper acetylacetonate as the source of copper and hydroquinone as the reductant is reported. This process yields highly crystalline, dense, specularly reflecting, and electrically conductive Cu films with an appreciably high growth rate of 1.8 Å/cycle at deposition temperatures as low as 160 to 240 °C.
In Situ Nanozyme‐Amplified NIR‐II Phototheranostics for Tumor‐Specific Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Ma Zhaoyu , Foda Mohamed F. , Liang Huageng , Zhao Yanli , Han Heyou
Published: July 2021

The discovery of near‐IR‐II (NIR‐II) tumor phototheranostics holds a great promise for use in nanomedicine on account of its enhanced penetration depth, high spatial resolution, and noninvasiveness. However, contemporary “always on” phototherapeutic agents often have many undesirable side effects that hinder their clinical trial progress. To overcome this dilemma, an in situ nanozyme‐amplified chromogenic nanoreactor by loading 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and ultrasmall PtAu nanoparticles into a metal–organic framework is developed for specific tumor theranostics, leaving normal tissues unharmed. As an intelligent photoacoustic diagnostic agent, the as‐constructed nanoreactor remains silent until they enter the tumor site (H2O2‐activated and acid‐enhanced conditions) and turns on the photoacoustic signal to render a preoperative tumor diagnosis. As a nanozyme, the special microenvironment of the tumor tissue is used to initiate its catalytic damage by reactive oxygen species for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). More importantly, the TMB is oxidized, and the subsequent photothermal therapy (PTT) can be realized, leading to an optimal combination of CDT and PTT to concurrently fight obstinate cancers. The present “all‐in‐one” phototheranostics utilize nanozyme‐augmented NIR‐II agents for specific tumor ablation, which are promising for further development of intelligent nanozymes in tumor therapy.
An Intrinsically Micro‐/Nanostructured Pollen Substrate with Tunable Optical Properties for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Hwang Youngkyu , Sadhu Anupam , Shin Sangho , Leow Shin Woei , Zhao Ze , Deng Jingyu , Jackman Joshua A. , Kim Munho , Wong Lydia H. , Cho Nam‐Joon
Published: July 2021

There is broad interest in developing photonically active substrates from naturally abundant, minimally processed materials that can help to overcome the environmental challenges of synthetic plastic substrates while also gaining inspiration from biological design principles. To date, most efforts have focused on rationally engineering the micro‐ and nanoscale structural properties of cellulose‐based materials by tuning fibril and fiber dimensions and packing along with chemical modifications, while there is largely untapped potential to design photonically active substrates from other classes of natural materials with distinct morphological features. Herein, the fabrication of a flexible pollen‐derived substrate is reported, which exhibits high transparency (>92%) and high haze (>84%) on account of the micro‐ and nanostructure properties of constituent pollen particles that are readily obtained from nature and require minimal extraction or processing to form the paper‐like substrate based on colloidal self‐assembly. Experiments and simulations confirm that the optical properties of the pollen substrate are tunable and arise from light–matter interactions with the spiky surface of pollen particles. In a proof‐of‐concept example, the pollen substrate is incorporated into a functional perovskite solar cell while the tunable optical properties of the intrinsically micro‐/nanostructured pollen substrate can be useful for a wide range of optoelectronic applications.
Flexible and Conductive Cellulose Composite Paper for Highly Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Zhang Fudong , Ren Penggang , Guo Han , Zhang Zengping , Guo Zhengzheng , Dai Zhong , Lu Zhenxia , Jin Yanling , Ren Fang
Published: July 2021

Developing highly efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with outstanding mechanical properties are urgently desirable for portable device hardware and flexible electronic devices. Herein, a highly conductive and flexible silver nanowires/graphene nanosheets/cellulose (AgNWs/GNSs/cellulose) composite paper with particular three‐layered structures is fabricated via vacuum assisted filtered and coating method. The prepared composites exhibit excellent EMI shielding property due to the unique layered structure. By changing the order of the conductive layers, the overall shielding performance can be further improved. An outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of 53.3 dB is achieved with a thickness of only 0.17 mm. The composites show prominent bending resistance, which is proved by 1000 times of repeated bending leading to no obvious changes in structure. Moreover, the prepared composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, it is expected that this work will open up a facile strategy for exploiting materials with excellent EMI shielding properties and mechanical performance.
Hydrodynamics study of a fast liquid–liquid oxidation process with in situ gas production in microreactors
Authors: Liu Saier , Li Guangxiao , Shang Minjing , Luo Zheng‐Hong , Su Yuanhai
Published: July 2021

Hydrodynamics characteristics of a fast and highly exothermic liquid–liquid oxidation process with in situ gas production in microreactors were studied using a newly developed experimental method. In the adipic acid synthesis through the K/A oil (the mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone) oxidation with nitric acid, bubble generation modes were divided into four categories. The gas production became more intensive, unstable, even explosive with increasing the oil phase feed rate and the temperature. A novel automatic image processing method was developed to monitor the instantaneous velocity online by tracking the gas–liquid interface. The axial velocity at the same location was unstable due to the changing gas production rate. Furthermore, the actual residence time was obtained easily with being only 36% of the space–time minimally, beneficial for establishing accurate kinetics and mass transfer models with time participation. Finally, an empirical correlation was developed to predict the actual residence time under different conditions.