bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Financial Innovation and the Derivatives Market in the World and Turkey in the Context of the Global Crisis of 2008
Authors: Güneş Nizamülmülk
Published: March 2017

In Derivatives markets, contracts made concerning an asset or a financial instrument between a buyer and a seller entered into today regarding a transaction to be fulfilled at a future point in time. The derivatives markets incorporate forward, swap, futures and options transactions. Banks, the principle actor in financial markets, finds derivatives favorable in developing countries like Turkey in which there is high interest rates and inflation. It is crucial to express the role of the derivatives markets, whereas the uncertainty concerns are perceived enormously. 2008 mortgage crises, the main cause is stated as to sheer of expectations, which started in US and spread out to all developed and developing countries evoke to encounter against risks intensely. The aim of this paper is to study how efficient is the use of the derivatives market instruments in Turkey, a developing country, by the banks and other financial market actors after the 2008 Global Crises.
The Impact of Global Liquidity on Developing Countries
Authors: Genç Erhan , Karabacak Mustafa
Published: March 2017

Global liquidity has become a focal point of international political discussions in recent years. Increasing international financial asset transactions and expansionary monetary policies, which central banks of developed countries adopt, generate excess liquidity around the world. Today with the increasing capital mobilization excess global liquidity becomes effective on the national economies and monetary policies of developing countries as well. It is seen that increasing risk appetite, especially after 2008 global crisis, causes a flow of global liquidity from developed countries to developing countries. The so-called liquidity may be effective on monetary policy stability, financial stability and growth performances. In other words; the increasing global liquidity may have both positive and negative influences on national economies. In this context; in this study, the effects of global liquidity on national economies is analyzed by using the measures of global liquidity and causality tests.
The Effects of Two Types of IOS Diffusion on Firms' Performance
Authors: Park Sang Cheol , Bock Gee-Woo , Lee Won Jun , Zhang Cheng
Published: March 2017

This chapter addresses the theoretically neglected question of how the internal and external diffusion of inter-organizational systems (IOS) impacts firms' performance improvement. The proposed model posits that organizational and relational resources affect both internal and external diffusion. In turn, they influence performance improvement. This study collected data from 187 managers in Korean and Chinese firms. It tested its research model by using partial least squares (PLS). According to the findings, two types of IOS diffusion (i.e., internal and external) mediated the relationship between organizational/relational resources and performance improvement in the supply chain context. The study also found that Korean firms were likely to externally diffuse IOS toward their business partners. Chinese firms would tend to internally diffuse IOS by deploying IOS from their partners.
Competitive Analysis Based on Social Media Mining
Authors: Marmo Roberto
Published: March 2017

With the ever-inflating of information in Social Media, companies are working in a complex, open and mobilizing environment, they need to know their competitors if they need to survive in contemporary shrinking market, and identify opportunities to optimize their own content strategies. This chapter describes some technologies that can help to execute competitive analysis using social media mining, it also discusses background, knowledge, challenges and critical factors necessary for successful business.
The Role of Business Model Development in the Ex-Post Creation of Online Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Authors: Koçoğlu İpek , Akgun Ali E. , Keskin Halit
Published: March 2017

This research aims to tap into the largely opaque origins of opportunities in the online context by exploring the role of business model development as a key for the creation and configuration of the mental and social infrastructure necessary for the emergence of online entrepreneurial opportunity. Tracing the sources of online entrepreneurial opportunity reveals that successful online entrepreneurs claim to proactively manage their environment in terms of unfolding actions which result in the enactment and creation of entrepreneurial opportunities. Based on this real life contention and the emerging view of entrepreneurial opportunity, this chapter aims to achieve a deeper understanding on the creation of online opportunities through a quantitative study empirically testing the link between business model development and online entrepreneurial opportunity as creation in order to shed light on how business model generation shapes the way entrepreneurs socially co-create opportunities in the online context.
Entrepreneurial Initiative to Develop a Web-Based Knowledge Hub
Authors: Bleoju Gianita , Capatina Alexandru , Geru Marius , Pana Bogdan
Published: March 2017

Extracting, use and reuse of knowledge from academic specific environment (embedded knowledge of interactional processes as intangible asset) is becoming a challenge for actionable knowledge initiatives to enhance academic expertise based on educational technology. This chapter addresses a web entrepreneurial initiative concretized in a knowledge hub, whose architecture is articulated on four dimensions of any business model innovation: content-new activities, structure-new linkages, context-new markets and governance-network partnerships. The multi framing hub construct, enhancing new knowledge creation and protection, aims at facilitating the capitalization upon academic-business partnerships and further instantiating the multiplication effect through upgrading knowledge-based environments. Its methodology ambition – to become a self-sustainable platform – will allow an experimental adjustment of the self-learning capability in order to monitor and develop mechanisms for early diagnosis and to adjust the dissonances arising from interactional process in building new knowledge.
E-Reputation in Web Entrepreneurship
Authors: Dutot Vincent , Castellano Sylvaine
Published: March 2017

E-reputation is what you say, what you do and of course how others perceive all of your actions. As an entrepreneur, knowing what your customers think about you is crucial. But managing it is way more than just hiring someone to be active on some social platforms. It implies the definition of a real strategy as well as hiring specific resources to successfully manage its reputation online. By presenting what e-reputation is, what are its main components, how to measure it and what tools exist, this chapter wants to give to web-entrepreneurs the key elements in order to manage their e-reputation efficiently.
Social Media, Interfacing Brands in Relation to the Social Media Ecosystem
Authors: Zook Ze , Salmon Ben
Published: March 2017

Much of the existing research in social media has been directed at examining the consequences of the interactive nature of the evolving medium and communication issues, with little to say about the impact of this medium on brands. Drawing on Fiske's relational model, this current chapter examines the interface between social media and brands, particularly on the breadth and the dimensions of the level of engagement. Social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter, are revolutionising the way companies market their products. New means of interaction and dialogue are used in part because of the inherent structure and features of these social media platforms. The chapter concludes by discussing the implications of the analysis for understanding of new terminology in the evolving marketing environment.
Project Portfolio Management
Authors: Jałocha Beata , Bogacz-Wojtanowska Ewa
Published: March 2017

Project Portfolio Management is a relatively new practice for the majority of non-government organisations. Project portfolio management is important in the areas of management and education of third sector practitioners. However, project portfolio management, corporate management tools are usually used in the business sector with very little research undertaken in the non-government sectors. This chapter fills that research gap by identifying and analysis of project portfolio management practices in non-governmental organizations. Findings suggest that non-government organisations manage multiple projects simultaneously but that project portfolio management could support them to build their portfolio in accordance with a strategic plan that can fulfil their strategic objectives efficiently and effectively.
Business Applications of Big Data
Authors: Vidal-García Javier , Vidal Marta , Barros Rafael Hernández
Published: March 2017

Twenty-first century organizations face a challenge and an unprecedented opportunity: to build a new model of relationship with current and potential clients which is more efficient and innovative. And this necessarily implies to acquire a completely new corporate culture in which the collection, management and interpretation of information will inspire the entire business. Under this new business scenario, the data is not understood as part of a process but instead to be part of the core business as a decision tool. Only if companies can manage this flood of information will be able to understand what we do and where they are going; identify the tastes and preferences of consumers and, more importantly, anticipate their decisions to adapt the services in real time and in a personalized way. The Big Data points companies beyond the facts: transforms the actions into predictions.
Exploring Philanthropic Foundations' Motivations and Managerial Model of Strategic Change from Grant-Making to Impact Investing
Authors: He Lijun , Alfronzo Jessika C. Graterol , Tep Kilian
Published: March 2017

Little scholarly research has systematically examined impact investing in the nonprofit realm. In the overview, the paper presents a case study of a U.S.-based private foundation that has transformed itself from a grant-maker to an impact investor, and the associated challenges of institutional entrepreneurial motivations, successful strategy for institutional adaptation, and the ensuing lessons for the field of impacting investing. The paper has two main objectives: to identify the motivation and enabling environment for such strategic change, and to analyze the issues and changes of the managerial model when evolving from traditional grant-making to impact investing. We argue that organizations that are mission-driven, entrepreneurial in spirit and structure, with embedded business/philanthropy principles acting as a source of change in the institutional field. However, it faces technical and legitimacy problems resulting from the new practice's lack of institutional saturation in the field.
The Regulatory Environment of Non-Profit Higher Education and Research Institutions and Its Implications for Managerial Strategy
Authors: Mahat Marian , Pettigrew Alan
Published: March 2017

The concept of strategy in non-profit higher education is a contested issue. It is argued that strategy, in the business sense, does not apply to a substantially public and more institutionalized sector such as higher education and is not achievable in complex, loosely coupled organizations such as universities. Additionally, strategy does not sit easily with organizations operating in regulated contexts limiting competitive market pressures. This chapter discusses the regulatory environment of non-profit higher education by focusing on one of the most highly regulated disciplines: medical education and research. The chapter will begin by developing a context for discussion by firstly mapping the landscape of Australian medical education and research. Subsequently, the chapter argues that medical schools and research institutes need to exercise as much discretion as they can in the area under their control, develop sound strategies to deal with their changed circumstances, and develop a coherent and defensible basis for decision making through assessing their environment.
Matilda Floor Elevator PLC Control Circuit Design
Authors: Liu Ye , Gao Tao , Yuan Chong , Li Tianze
Published: March 2017

This design introduced the operation process of the lift. In accordance with the requirements of energy conservation design teaching building Mingde building automatic control of the lift. By setting the TDD slope integration time Siemens MM440 transducer to control the elevator has the speed, and by j1.1 jv tractors to carry and transfer power make the elevator running. The Siemens S7-200 series PLC as control host CPU226, and extends the S7-200 series of I/O extension module (EM223) to control the input and output, complete the elevator traction motor and frequency converter, direction, floor, according to the layer station call, capsules in operation, the safety protection command signal for management and control functions. From inside the elevator running status signals, hall, driving direction, traffic location floor integrated PLC program control internal rule.
Design and Implementation of Large-Scale MOOC Platform in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Liu Shuo , Gao Tao , Li Tianze
Published: March 2017

The large-scale online open course (MOOC) is a new online learning model in the field of distance open education in recent years. It embodies the learner as the center of the teaching philosophy, changing the traditional network curriculum content fixed, structured features, so that learners access to knowledge from simple linear to complex networks. For the MOOC learning management system framework, it is based on the existing LTSA model to increase the interaction agent and knowledge agent two components, so that the knowledge of the learning resource database can be updated with the progress of the curriculum. Learners can build a learning network through different ways to obtain knowledge.
Steel Buildings' Seismic and Interaction Behavior, Under Different Shapes of Tunnel Drilling
Authors: Rostami Arash , Alielahi Hamid , Moghadam Abdoreza Sarvghad , Hosseini Mahmood
Published: March 2017

Development of civil engineering science has introduced tunneling as an important option in reducing the traffic volume of urban environments. Digging tunnels, in every depth, causes changes in the surface ground structure; tunneling in urban areas, especially when has passed through the residential areas has its own particular importance; therefore, having knowledge about tunnels' behavior and effects of diggings is necessary, and in order to prevent unpredictable damages to the structures is one of the requirements of designing. The performance and behavior of underground structures have been studied by many researchers, but the effects of tunneling on earthquake records and its effects on structures above the ground has taken less attention. This study will try to check earthquake record changes and their impact on steel structures located on top part of the tunnels, and has done this issue with digging some circular tunnels. The results indicate that, tunneling alters the earthquake records and also has affections on structural responses.
CIO Perspectives on Organizational Learning within the Context of IT Governance
Authors: De Maere Koen , De Haes Steven , von Kutzschenbach Michael
Published: March 2017

Why is it that, despite the large amount of studies on IT governance, many professionals still fail to put these theories into practice? Building on the previous question, we reviewed the literature to examine how organizational learning theories can help in understanding the gap between the ‘theory' and ‘practice' of IT governance. Thereafter, a focus group discussed this gap within the context of Industry 4.0. The findings indicate important concerns that might hinder learning in organizations, including: lack of shared domain knowledge between business and IT stakeholders, lack of shared understanding and poor diffusion of IT governance practices in the organization. Unless these concerns are successfully resolved, executives will experience difficulties to govern IT successfully within the context of Industry 4.0. We provide recommendations to practitioners with regards to the capabilities which should be present in the organisation to overcome such concerns. These capabilities represent a T-shaped portfolio of skills.
Would You Accept a Facebook Friend Request from Your Boss?
Authors: Karl Katherine A. , Allen Richard S. , White Charles S. , Peluchette Joy Van Eck , Allen Douglas E.
Published: March 2017

Because Millennials and Generation X tend to desire close relationships with their leaders, expect frequent and open communication, and integrate their personal and professional contacts via social media, it was predicted they would be more likely than Baby Boomers to accept a Facebook friend request from their boss. Although no main effect was found for generational differences, a significant interaction between self-disclosure and generation was found, such that self-disclosure was positively related to acceptance of a friend request from one's boss for Baby Boomers and Generation X, but negatively related for Millennials. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
New species of the genus Hamma Buckton, 1905 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in Gabon
Authors: Durante Antonio , Susini Antonio
Published: March 2017

The authors describe two new species of Membracidae of the genus Hamma Buckton, 1905, and they record the species Hamma capeneri Boulard, 1968 from Gabon.
Notes on the subspecies of Pterostichus andreinii Dodero, 1922 (Insecta Coleoptera Carabidae)
Authors: Degiovanni Augusto , Pavesi Maurizio
Published: March 2017

The variability of the three currently recognized subspecies of the Italian endemic Pterostichus (Pterostichus) andreinii Dodero, 1922, namely Pt. andreinii andreinii, Pt. andreinii alzonae Binaghi, 1935 and Pt. andreinii battonii Straneo, 1959, is analyzed and discussed upon large materials, including part of the type series. No consistent differences are to be found in external morphology nor in aedeagus right paramere shape, both being highly variable even within each single population. The following synonymies are proposed: Pterostichus (Pterostichus) andreinii alzonae Binaghi, 1935 = Pterostichus (Pterostichus) andreinii Dodero, 1922 syn. nova; Pterostichus (Pterostichus) andreinii battonii Straneo, 1959 = Pterostichus (Pterostichus) andreinii Dodero, 1922 syn. nova. The lectotype of Pt. andreinii battonii is designated. Pt. andreinii is considered a monotypical species, endemic of Central Apennine with restricted range at the border between Umbria and Marche regions. An old record from Tuscany, well outside the ascertained range, is herewith questioned.
Large Plasmacytoma Occupying the Upper Limb in a Myeloma Patient
Authors: Takano Junichiro , Ohikata Kensuke , Nagase Daisuke , Igari Toru , Natori Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Shotaro
Published: March 2017

Extramedullary disease (EMD) is an issue for patients with multiple myeloma (MM), since extramedullary spread of MM is associated with an aggressive course and a poor prognosis. Moreover, the mechanism of EMD development is uncertain. Here, we present extensive extramedullary plasmacytoma occupying the left upper limb of a 66-year-old female patient with MM with an extremely aggressive course and multiple visceral organ involvement without bone marrow infiltration or plasma cell leukemia. EMD of this large size is extremely rare and this case may provide a clue for better understanding of clinical features of EMD in MM.
Terrestrial invasions on sub-Antarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands
Authors: Greve Michelle , Mathakutha Rabia , Steyn Christien , Chown Steven L.
Published: March 2017

Background: The sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEIs), South Africa’s southernmost territories have high conservation value. Despite their isolation, several alien species have established and become invasive on the PEIs. Objectives: Here we review the invasion ecology of the PEIs. Methods: We summarise what is known about the introduction of alien species, what influences their ability to establish and spread, and review their impacts. Results: Approximately 48 alien species are currently established on the PEIs, of which 26 are known to be invasive. Introduction pathways for the PEIs are fairly well understood – species have mainly been introduced with ship cargo and building material. Less is known about establishment, spread and impact of aliens. It has been estimated that less than 5% of the PEIs is covered by invasive plants, but invasive plants have attained circuminsular distributions on both PEIs. Studies on impact have primarily focussed on the effects of vertebrate invaders, of which the house mouse, which is restricted to Marion Island, probably has the greatest impact on the biodiversity of the islands. Because of the risk of alien introductions, strict biosecurity regulations govern activities at the PEIs. These are particularly aimed at stemming the introduction of alien species, and are likely to have reduced the rates of new introductions. In addition, some effort is currently being made to eradicate selected range-restricted species. However, only one species that had established and spread on the PEIs, the cat, has been successfully eradicated from the islands. Conclusion: Given the ongoing threat of introductions, and the impacts of invaders, it is essential that future invasions to the PEIs are minimised, that the islands’ management policies deal with all stages of the invasion process and that a better understanding of the risks and impacts of invasions is obtained.
The biological control of aquatic weeds in South Africa: Current status and future challenges
Authors: Hill Martin P. , Coetzee Julie
Published: March 2017

Background: Aquatic ecosystems in South Africa are prone to invasion by several invasive alien aquatic weeds, most notably, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. (Pontederiaceae) (water hyacinth); Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) (water lettuce); Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch. (Salviniaceae) (salvinia); Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell. Conc.) Verd. (parrot’s feather); and Azolla filiculoides Lam. (Azollaceae) (red water fern). Objective: We review the biological control programme on waterweeds in South Africa. Results: Our review shows significant reductions in the extent of invasions, and a return on biodiversity and socio-economic benefits through the use of this method. These studies provide justification for the control of widespread and emerging freshwater invasive alien aquatic weeds in South Africa. Conclusions: The long-term management of alien aquatic vegetation relies on the correct implementation of biological control for those species already in the country and the prevention of other species entering South Africa.
Impacts of invasive plants on animal diversity in South Africa: A synthesis
Authors: Clusella-Trullas Susana , Garcia Raquel A.
Published: March 2017

Background: Increasing numbers of invasive alien plant (IAP) species are establishing around the globe and can have negative effects on resident animal species function and diversity. These impacts depend on a variety of factors, including the extent of invasion, the region and the taxonomic group affected. These context dependencies make extrapolations of IAP impacts on resident biota from region to region a substantial challenge. Objectives: Here, we synthesised data from studies that have examined the effects of IAPs on animal diversity in South Africa. Our focus is on ectothermic organisms (reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates). Method: We sourced relevant articles using keywords relating to (1) the effects of IAPs on species diversity (abundance, richness and composition), (2) the IAP and (3) the native ectotherm. We extracted the taxonomic and spatial coverage of IAPs and affected native species and assessed the extent of information given on potential mechanisms driving IAP impacts. Results: Across the 42 studies, IAPs had a decreasing or neutral effect on native animal abundance and richness and significantly changed species composition. This review highlighted the paucity of studies and the research deficits in taxonomic and geographic coverage and in the mechanisms underlying IAP impacts on ectotherms. Conclusion: By assessing the status of knowledge regarding the impacts of IAPs on resident animal species in South Africa, this study identifies information gaps and research priorities at the country level with a view to informing monitoring and conservation efforts, such as alien plant removal and control programmes, and ensuring that endemic terrestrial animal diversity is maintained.
Diagnostic system strengthening for drug resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria: impact and challenges
Authors: Aliyu Gambo , Ezati Nicholas , Iwakun Mosunmola , Peters Sam , Abimiku Alash’le
Published: March 2017

Background: The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis and the threat of extensively-drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV hotspots have made the detection and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the sub-Saharan Africa setting a global public health priority.Objective: We sought to examine the impact and challenges of tuberculosis diagnostic capacity development for the detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis and bio-surveillance using a modular biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory in Nigeria.Method: In 2010, the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) programme, through the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, deployed a modular, BSL-3 laboratory to support the national tuberculosis programme in drug-resistant tuberculosis detection and bio-surveillance for effective tuberculosis prevention and control.Results: From 2010 until present, sputum samples from 11 606 suspected cases in 33 states were screened for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Of those, 1500 (12.9%) had mono-resistant tuberculosis strains, and 459 (4.0%) cases had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Over the lastfour years, 133 scientists were trained in a train-the-trainer programme on advanced tuberculosis culture, drug susceptibility testing, line-probe assays and Xpert® MTB/RIF, in addition to safety operations for biosafety facilities. Power instability, running cost and seasonal dust are notable challenges to optimal performance and scale up.Conclusion: Movable BSL-3 containment laboratories can be deployed to improve diagnostic capacity for drug-resistant tuberculosis and bio-surveillance in settings with limited resources.
Fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis in a zoological collection of meerkats (Suricata suricatta)
Authors: Burger Monica , Du Plessis Elizabeth C. , Suleman Essa , Gardner Brett R.
Published: March 2017

Two confirmed cases of fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis occurred in an urban zoological collection of meerkats (Suricata suricatta). Both cases are suspected to be the result of feral cats gaining access to the enclosure. Toxoplasmosis has rarely been documented in meerkats. Subsequent to prophylactic treatment of all the animals and structural changes being implemented within the enclosure, no new cases have been recorded to date. Very little information is available on the disease in viverrids.
Levels of physical activity in people with chronic pain
Authors: Parker Romy , Bergman Emma , Mntambo Anelisiwe , Stubbs Shannon , Wills Matthew
Published: March 2017

Background: People who suffer from chronic pain are thought to have lower levels of physical activity compared to healthy individuals. However, there is a lack of evidence concerning levels of physical activity in South Africans with chronic pain. Objectives: To compare levels of physical activity in a South African sample of people with chronic pain compared to matched controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 24 participants (12 with chronic pain and 12 in the control group matched for age, gender and residential area). Convenience sampling was used. The participants with chronic pain (12) were identified from the Groote Schuur Hospital, Chronic Pain Management Clinic (CPMC) waiting list and had not yet received any chronic pain management intervention. Healthy matched controls were selected from volunteers in the community. With the desired alpha level set at 0.05 and the power at 0.9, 45 participants were required to detect a minimum of a 50 per cent difference between groups in levels of physical activity as measured in steps per day using pedometers. The international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the brief pain inventory (BPI) were used as measures of physical activity and pain. Objective indicators of physical activity that were used included the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), repeated sit-to-stand test (RSST), 7 days of pedometry and body mass index (BMI). Results: The chronic pain group performed significantly worse on the 6MWT (335 m [30–430] vs 680 m [430–795]; U = 0.5; p < 0.01) and on the RSST (17.9 s [11.83–105] vs 7.85 s [5.5–11.5]; U = 0; p < 0.01). The chronic pain group also had significantly lower scores on pedometry (mean daily: 2985.1 [32.8–13785.4] vs 6409.4 [4207.1–15313.6]; U = 35; p < 0.03). The BMI for the chronic pain group was significantly higher than matched controls (29.36 kg/m2 [18.94–34.63] vs 22.16 kg/m2 [17.1–30.86]; U = 34; p < 0.03). Conclusion: Participants with chronic pain had a reduced capacity for physical activity. The pedometry results illustrate a range of maladaptive strategies adopted by those with chronic pain. The majority of people with chronic pain appear to avoid physical activity leading to greater disability as a result of immobility and muscle atrophy. However, a small subgroup appears to ignore their pain and push themselves physically despite their pain. This perseverance behaviour leads to further pain as a consequence of muscle and joint overuse. Both maladaptive behavioural responses result in further sensitisation of the central nervous system. The method used to target physical activity in these patients should be considered in treatment planning, specifically for physiotherapy.
Knowledge, attitude & practice on human papillomavirus vaccination
Authors: Chawla P. Cheena , Chawla Anil , Chaudhary Seema
Published: March 2017

Background & objectives:

Cervical cancer is a major health problem and a leading cause of death among women in India. Of all the associated risk factors, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections being the principal aetiologic agent, two HPV vaccines are in use for the control of cervical cancer. The present study was undertaken to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on HPV vaccination among the healthcare providers in India.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 590 healthcare professionals from 232 hospitals and 80 PHCs of nine districts of Delhi-NCR (National Capital Region). A total of 590 (526 female, 64 male) healthcare providers were surveyed.

Results:

Only 47 per cent of respondents recommended young women to get vaccinated against HPV. Majority of respondents (81%) were found to be aware about the existence of vaccines for cervical cancer prevention. District-wise, highest (88.3%) awareness about the existence of vaccines against HPV was reported from Gautam Budh Nagar and lowest (64%) in Faridabad. Although 86 per cent of gynaecologists were aware about the names of HPV vaccines available in the market, only 27 per cent of paramedical staff had this knowledge. There was a significant difference between the respondents from government and private sectors regarding their awareness about HPV vaccines. Lack of awareness about the principal cause, risk factors and symptoms for cervical cancer and HPV vaccination was significantly (P< 0.05) reported in the respondents from paramedical staff category.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The findings reinforce continued medical education of healthcare providers, particularly those from the government sector on HPV vaccination for cervical cancer prevention. Public education is also pertinent for a successful HPV vaccination programme in the country.
Preventive role of carvedilol in adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jhorawat Rajesh , Kumari Savita , Varma Subhash C. , Rohit Manoj K. , Narula Nidhi , Suri Vikas , Malhotra Pankaj , Jain Sanjay
Published: March 2017

Background & objectives:

Adriamycin though considered as an effective anticancer drug, leads to irreversible cardiomyopathy (CMP) and congestive heart failure (CHF). The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of carvedilol in adriamycin (ADR)-induced cardiomyopathy (CMP) in cancer patients.

Methods:

Patients with lymphoreticular malignancy in whom ADR therapy was planned were randomized into two groups: carvedilol and control. Twenty seven patients each were enrolled in carvedilol and control groups. In the carvedilol group, 12.5 mg once daily oral carvedilol was given during six months. The patients were evaluated by echocardiography before and after chemotherapy. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and systolic and diastolic diameters were calculated.

Results:

At six months of follow up, six patients in the carvedilol group and five in the control group had died. The mean EF (63.19 vs. 63.88%) and fraction shortening (FS) (34 vs. 34.6) of the carvedilol group were similar at follow up, but in the control group, the mean EF (67.27 vs. 60.82%, P=0.003) and FS (38.48 vs. 34.6, P<0.05) at control echocardiography were significantly lower. In carvedilol group, both systolic and diastolic diameters were not changed, but in control group, systolic diameters were significantly increased compared with basal measures (left ventricular end systolic diameter = 28.26±5.50 mm vs. 31.25± 6.50 mm; P< 0.05).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Prophylactic use of carvedilol in patients receiving anthracycline protected systolic functions of the left ventricle. Carvedilol can be a potential drug which can ameliorate ADR-induced CMP.
Navigating the Hidden Curriculum of Higher Education for Postsecondary Students With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Berg Lucretia A. , Jirikowic Tracy , Haerling Katie , MacDonald Ginger
Published: March 2017

Students with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) increasingly pursue postsecondary education (PSE). Navigating the hidden curriculum—including meeting prerequisites for PSE and employment, using support systems and community transportation, and carrying out adulthood expectations—is an area of challenge. This exploratory case study examined experiences of students with IDD attending a PSE program and stakeholder perspectives. Thirty-two participants (10 students with IDD, 5 parents or guardians, 4 college administrators, 8 college instructors, 4 occupational therapists, and a transition specialist) were interviewed. Conventional content analysis revealed navigating the hidden curriculum as a key theme and three subthemes: (1) adult-based system navigation, (2) persisting challenges with adaptive behaviors, and (3) disability awareness and disclosure. Limited awareness of disability and supports and services needed for a successful PSE outcome were contributing factors. Occupational therapists have the skills to support students with IDD in skill acquisition to successfully transition to and navigate PSE and the hidden curriculum.
Feasibility of Pediatric Game-Based Neurorehabilitation Using Telehealth Technologies: A Case Report
Authors: Reifenberg Grace , Gabrosek Gabrielle , Tanner Kelly , Harpster Karen , Proffitt Rachel , Persch Andrew
Published: March 2017

This case report is the first in a series of reports designed to determine the feasibility of implementing game-based neurorehabilitation using telehealth technologies (GbN+TT) for children with cerebral palsy, evaluate the responsiveness of relevant outcome measures to changes in motor impairment and activity participation after intervention, and identify technological challenges associated with implementation of GbN+TT. The participant completed more than 56 hr of game-based neurorehabilitation over 8 wk using the Timocco platform in his home. The primary measures of motor impairment (Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition) and function (Pediatric Motor Activity Log) were both sensitive to change. Results indicate that it is feasible to administer GbN+TT to a child with cerebral palsy and monitor outcomes using standardized assessments.
Occupational Therapy Interventions for Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wheeler Steven , Acord-Vira Amanda , Arbesman Marian , Lieberman Deborah
Published: March 2017

This Evidence Connection describes a case report of an adult with traumatic brain injury (TBI), applying the evidence for intervention from the systematic reviews on TBI that were conducted in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association’s (AOTA’s) Evidence-Based Practice Project. The occupational therapy assessment and treatment processes for hospital, home, and community settings are described. Evidence Connection articles provide a clinical application of systematic reviews developed in conjunction with AOTA’s Evidence-Based Practice Project.
Factors Influencing the Private Involvement in Urban Rail Public-Private Partnership Projects in China
Authors: Ke Yongjian , Hao Weiya , Ding Huiping , Wang Yingying
Published: March 2017

Private investors have been encouraged to participate in the development and operation of urban rail projects in China through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), given the fact that subnational governments are suffering from urgent development demands and severe fiscal pressure. However, there is no formal assessment to determine the private involvement in a PPP project. This problem is particularly critical in the sector of urban rail, in which the huge investment cannot rely on the private sector alone. This study hence aimed to uncover and identify the influencing factors. Multiple research methods, including content analysis, case study and focus group discussion were adopted to achieve the research purpose. Seven types of influencing factors were identified, including project financial model, government fiscal commitment, risk allocation, public accountability, efficiency considerations, policy and regulations, and organisational marketing strategies. The findings add to the current knowledge base by uncovering the drivers behind private involvement in a PPP project. They are also beneficial for industry practitioners as a basis/checklist to determine the private involvement.
The Influence of Trust on Project Management Practice within the Construction Industry
Authors: Strahorn Scott , Brewer Graham , Gajendran Thayaparan
Published: March 2017

Given that any construction project is inherently a human endeavour, it follows that issues of trust are significant in terms of the stakeholder interactions that deliver eventual project outcomes.  Previous research indicates that the relational basis upon which projects are undertaken are intended to influence the likelihood of trusting relationships between stakeholders.  Thus, experiences of trust in a construction project environment are likely to be influenced by the contextual specifics of respective transactional and relational contracting (RC) procurement mechanisms, given the divergent theoretical principles upon which they are founded.  The influence of trust has therefore been examined through the lived experiences of construction practitioners.  A phenomenological interview study consisting of thirty-five (35) participants was conducted with sensitivity to the procurement of experiences being recounted. Issues of trust were shown to be integral to stakeholder experiences in both procurement environments, with the benefits of trust acknowledged in many instances.  However, little understanding was evident regarding methods for building and maintaining trust, nor for repairing trust when problems arose. Importantly, despite the differing principles that underpin transactional and relational procurement, and particularly the contention that relational procurement would increase trust between trading partners, this was not evident; with individual personalities and appropriate risk apportionment shown to be greater influences upon the likelihood of trusting relationships.  It is reasonable to conjecture that relational contracts actually diminish the need for trust, given that the objective is to reduce uncertainty through formulaic approaches to risk distribution and reward; the absence of risk negates the need for trust.  Ultimately, the potential to deliver improved project outcomes as a result of proactive approaches to developing and maintaining trust, as well as repairing trust after difficulties, was shown to apply under all procurement conditions.
How do places of origin influence access to mobility in the global age? An analysis of the influence of vulnerability and structural constraints on Senegalese translocal livelihood strategies
Authors: Schöfberger Irene
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Literature has often underlined the relevance of mobility for modern lifestyles. However, it has frequently overlooked that mobility has long been the rule in Senegal. There, mobility has allowed households to cope with environmental and economic vulnerability. Over the last decades, households have extended their traditional mobility through internal and international migration. This paper investigates how place-related vulnerability and structural constraints influence the way Senegalese households construct translocal spaces and livelihood strategies in the global age. For this purpose, a multi-sited ethnographic study has been conducted at four villages in Senegal and at two immigration destinations in Italy and Spain. The empirical results show that vulnerability and structural constraints in the home place do not prevent households from adopting strategies based on mobility, but rather influence the composition of translocal spaces, the ability to move between places, and the construction of translocal livelihood strategies.
As perspectivas da obra Homo sacer: o poder soberano e a vida nua I. Questões convergentes que possibilitam (re)pensar o marco civil da internet no Brasil
Authors: Piaia Thami Covatti , De Cezaro Bárbara
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo analisa as perspectivas da obra Homo sacer: o poder soberano e a vida nua I, de Giorgio Agamben, com o propósito de examinar questões convergentes que possibilitam (re)pensar o marco civil da internet no Brasil. Para tanto, foi executada uma pesquisa exploratória em leitura da obra, com viés teórico. O referido livro leciona acerca de uma vida completamente esquecida. A vida nua aqui representada e caracterizada como um paradigma nos permite refletir a vida contemporânea enquanto política, bios sacra e soberana que fazem parte de um enredo real no mundo do poder jurídico no Ocidente. Nesse diapasão, a Lei n° 12.965/2014, que trata do marco civil da internet pode ser, em analogia, comparada à obra supramencionada, quando busca levar ao alcance de todos o direito à informação como também a cultura e a liberdade de expressão, eliminando a exclusão digital e a existência de um homo sacer no mundo da internet.
Análise dos comportamentos ambiental e político em assentamentos rurais do Distrito Federal e entorno
Authors: Silva Luciano Pereira da , Andrade Manoel Pereira de , Silva Junior Luiz Honorato da
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o perfil socioeconômico e realizar uma análise dos comportamentos ambiental e político dos assentados presentes nos assentamentos rurais do Distrito Federal e entorno. A elaboração do perfil socioeconômico bem como a mensuração dos comportamentos político e ambiental dos assentados foram inferidas por meio do cálculo do Índice de Sustentabilidade Ambiental e do Índice de Participação Política. Foram aplicados 408 questionários em 11 assentamentos da Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento do Distrito Federal e Entorno. Constatou-se a presença de traços de dicotomia
imposta ao meio rural, como o homem do campo ainda é visto como ator marginal na transformação de seu próprio meio. O nível de escolaridade é baixo, ainda causado por desníveis na oferta de políticas educacionais voltadas para a realidade rural. Os assentados presentam níveis intermediários em ambos os comportamentos, mensurados por
meio dos índices, sendo que alguns indicadores analisados precisam ser melhorados, bem como outros precisam ser potencializados.
Palavras-chave: Assentamentos. Participação política. Sustentabilidade ambiental.
O valor econômico da extração de madeira em tora na ilha do Marajó, Pará
Authors: Cordeiro de Santana Antônio , Lima de Santana Ádamo , Meireles de Oliveira Cyntia , Santos Marcos Antônio de Souza , Amin Mário Miguel , Costa Nilson Luiz
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o valor econômico e a margem de comercialização da madeira em tora oriunda de áreas manejadas. Utilizou-se o preço líquido atualizado da madeira para estimar o valor econômico da exploração florestal madeireira no polo Marajó. Os dados foram obtidos em pesquisa de campo realizada em vinte empresas que operam no local. O valor econômico médio da extração e comercialização da madeira em pé no mercado local foi de R$ 28,46/m3, com um valor mínimo de R$ 18,47/m3 para as espécies da categoria C4 (madeira branca) e um máximo de R$ 92,25/m3 para as espécies da categoria C1 (madeira especial). Assim, para um fluxo de trinta anos e extração de 25 m3/ha nos planos de manejo das áreas de concessão florestal do estado do Pará, gera-se um valor médio de R$ 688,75/ha. Esse resultado é superior ao gerado pelas atividades de pecuária extensiva (em torno de R$ 180,00/ha) e de lavouras de grãos (em torno dos R$ 420,00/ha), principais
responsáveis pelo desmatamento da Amazônia. A margem de comercialização mostrou que a sociedade tende a se apropriar de 12,4% do valor econômico gerado na cadeia de madeira oriunda dos contratos de transição.
Palavras-chave: Preço da madeira em tora. Concessão florestal. Viabilidade econômica. Desmatamento. Amazônia.
Contaminants Leaching from Fresh Poultry Waste: A Lysimeter Study on Sandy Soils under Tropical Conditions
Authors: Adeoye Peter Aderemi , Che Man Hasfalina , Amin Soom Mohd. Soom , Thamer Ahmad Mohamed , Oluwakunmi Akinbile Christopher
Published: March 2017

A lysimeter study was conducted on sandy soil of Minna, North central Nigeria to assess the migration of nitrates, phosphates, bacteriological parameters and heavy metals contents of poultry manure through Minna soil. This is with a view to examining the environmental effect of indiscriminate land application of excessive poultry manure on shallow groundwater quality. A lysimeter and rainfall simulator assembly was installed on an undisturbed 0.9m diameter, 3m depth soil core after which 50kg of characterized poultry manure was applied at the top. Rainfall of 125mm was simulated and water samples were collected at different depths of the soil core through the lysimeter and were taken to laboratory for analysis. Results showed that nitrate and phosphate in poultry manure were able to leach to a depth of 2.5m of the soil core four months after poultry manure application while turbidity and electrical conductivity reached their maximum value at depth 2.5m after three months. Faecal coliform, total coliform and faecal streptococci were detected at depth 2.5m also two months after the application. Statistical analysis using New Duncan Multiple Range test showed significant variation (p<0.05) of all the parameters tested with depth of sample collection and months after application of poultry manure. Spearman’s correlation coefficient established both positive and negative correlation between the parameters studied in this research. Heavy metals tested, Arsenic, copper, zinc, chromium and manganese were not able to leach beyond 0.5m depth of the soil core throughout the experimental period.