bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macular Degeneration Drug Prescribing Patterns After Step Therapy Introduction in Medicare Advantage
Authors: Liu Angela , Anderson Kelly E. , Levy Joseph , Johnson Thomas V. , Polsky Daniel , Anderson Gerard
Published: August 2024

Importance

In Medicare Advantage (MA), step therapy for physician-administered drugs is an approach to lowering drug spending. The impact of step therapy in MA on prescribing behavior and the magnitude of any changes has not been analyzed.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of step therapy on macular degeneration drug prescribing patterns for 3 large MA insurers.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a retrospective encounter-based analysis using 20% nationally representative MA outpatient and carrier encounter records for 2017 to 2019. Participants were MA beneficiaries who were 65 years or older and had received a macular degeneration drug administration. Macular degeneration drug administrations for beneficiaries of MA Aetna, Humana, and UnitedHealthcare (UHC) insurers were assessed. Humana implemented macular degeneration step therapy in 2019, setting bevacizumab as the plan-preferred drug, and aflibercept and ranibizumab as the plan-nonpreferred drugs. Aetna and UHC, which did not implement macular degeneration step therapy, served as the control group. Data analyses were performed from May 2024 to December 2024.

Exposures

A macular degeneration drug administration subject to a step therapy policy.

Main Outcome and Measures

A binary indicator of whether the drug administered was bevacizumab. Linear probability models and a difference-in-differences framework were used to quantify changes in prescribing patterns before and after the introduction of step therapy for MA insurers that did and did not implement step therapy. To empirically measure the impact of step therapy, the first administration of a treatment episode was assessed, followed by switching patterns.

Results

A total of 18 331 MA beneficiaries, 21 683 treatment episodes, and 171 985 drug administrations were included across the control and treatment groups. The difference-in-differences regressions found a 7.8% (95% CI, 4.9%-10.7%; P < .001) greater probability of being prescribed bevacizumab for the first administration due to step therapy. The predicted probabilities of preferred-drug administration in the treatment group increased from 0.61 to 0.70 between the periods before and after step therapy implementation for the first administration. Step therapy was not significantly associated with an increased rate of medication switching (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.71-1.06; P = .15).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this retrospective encounter-based analysis indicate that step therapy is associated with a greater probability of prescribing the plan-preferred drug for the first administration. The analysis failed to find a statistically significant greater rate of medication switching within a treatment episode. Step therapy changed macular degeneration prescribing patterns, but step therapy alone did not transition all administrations to the plan-preferred drug.
VEGFA gene variants are associated with breast cancer progression
Authors: Furriol Jessica , Wik Elisabeth , Aziz Sura , Askeland Cecilie , Knutsvik Gøril , Akslen Lars A
Published: August 2024

Angiogenesis is recognized as a hallmark of cancer, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of the angiogenic process and is related to cancer progression. Anti‐VEGF therapy has been tried but with limited success and without useful stratification for angiogenesis markers. Further, the landscape of VEGF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in breast cancer and their clinical relevance is not well studied, and their relation to tissue‐based angiogenesis markers has not been explored. Here, we studied a selection of VEGFA SNPs in nontumor lymph nodes from a population‐based breast cancer cohort (n = 544), and their relation to clinicopathologic variables, vascular tissue metrics, and breast cancer‐specific survival. Two of the SNP candidates (rs833068GA genotype and rs25648CC genotype) showed associations with angiogenesis tissue markers, and the VEGFA rs833068GA genotype was associated with breast cancer‐specific survival among ER‐negative cases. We also found trends of association between the rs699947CA genotype and large tumor diameter and ER‐negative tumors, and between the rs3025039CC genotype and large tumor diameter. Our findings indicate some associations between certain VEGF SNPs, in particular the rs833068GA genotype, and both vascular metrics and patient survival. These findings and their potential implications need to be validated by independent studies.
Concurrent Amorphization and Nanocatalyst Formation in Cu‐Substituted Perovskite Oxide Surface: Effects on Oxygen Reduction Reaction at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Jeon SungHyun , Jung Wan‐Gil , Bae Hohan , Ahn Sejong , Koo Bonjae , Yu WonJeong , Kim Seunghyun , Oh DongHwan , Kim Uisik , Barnett Scott A. , Seo Jongsu , Kim Bong‐Joong , Jung WooChul
Published: August 2024

The activity and durability of chemical/electrochemical catalysts are significantly influenced by their surface environments, highlighting the importance of thoroughly examining the catalyst surface. Here, Cu‐substituted La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3‐δ is selected, a state‐of‐the‐art material for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), to explore the real‐time evolution of surface morphology and chemistry under a reducing atmosphere at elevated temperatures. Remarkably, in a pioneering observation, it is discovered that the perovskite surface starts to amorphize at an unusually low temperature of approximately 100 °C and multicomponent metal nanocatalysts additionally form on the amorphous surface as the temperature raises to 400 °C. Moreover, this investigation into the stability of the resulting amorphous layer under oxidizing conditions reveals that the amorphous structure can withstand a high‐temperature oxidizing atmosphere (≥650 °C) only when it has undergone sufficient reduction for an extended period. Therefore, the coexistence of the active nanocatalysts and defective amorphous surface leads to a nearly 100% enhancement in the electrode resistance for the ORR over 200 h without significant degradation. These observations provide a new catalytic design strategy for using redox‐dynamic perovskite oxide host materials.
Applying machine learning to primate bioacoustics: Review and perspectives
Authors: Cauzinille Jules , Favre Benoit , Marxer Ricard , Rey Arnaud
Published: August 2024

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the use of computational bioacoustics as well as signal and speech processing techniques in the analysis of primate vocal communication. We explore the potential implications of machine learning and deep learning methods, from the use of simple supervised algorithms to more recent self‐supervised models, for processing and analyzing large data sets obtained within the emergence of passive acoustic monitoring approaches. In addition, we discuss the importance of automated primate vocalization analysis in tackling essential questions on animal communication and highlighting the role of comparative linguistics in bioacoustic research. We also examine the challenges associated with data collection and annotation and provide insights into potential solutions. Overall, this review paper runs through a set of common or innovative perspectives and applications of machine learning for primate vocal communication analysis and outlines opportunities for future research in this rapidly developing field.
Neuronal diversity in the caudate nucleus: A comparative study between camel and human brains
Authors: Almasaad Juman M. , Bataineh Ziad M. , Zaqout Sami
Published: August 2024

Caudate nucleus (CN) neurons in camels and humans were examined using modified Golgi impregnation methods. Neurons were classified based on soma morphology, dendritic characteristics, and spine distribution. Three primary neuron types were identified in both species: rich‐spiny (Type I), sparsely‐spiny (Type II), and aspiny (Type III), each comprising subtypes with specific features. Comparative analysis revealed significant differences in soma size, dendritic morphology, and spine distribution between camels and humans. The study contributes to our understanding of structural diversity in CN neurons and provides insights into evolutionary neural adaptations.
Analysis and comparison of the coupled coil structures in dual‐load magnetic coupled resonance wireless power transfer systems
Authors: Cai Jun , Yan Ying , Cheok Adrian David , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2024

The dual‐load magnetic coupled resonance wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has the advantages of integrated conversion function, higher power density, and higher energy utilization rate. Reasonable coil structure selection and design is a challenge in the dual load WPT system. This article conducts electromagnetic analysis on three types of coil structures: circular–circular, rectangular–circular, and rectangular–rectangular, and uses Ansys Maxwell software to analyze and compare the magnetic field distribution intensity and transmission characteristics of each structure when the coil is offset. The analysis results showed that the rectangular–rectangular coils have stronger offset characteristics. Therefore, the double‐load MCR‐WPT system ultimately adopts the rectangular–rectangular coil structure. The transmitting and receiving coils of the WPT system were wound and tested, and the dual‐load WPT system with rectangular–rectangular coupling coil structures are constructed for experimental verification.
Improving the Optical Properties of SiNx:H Thin Film by Optimizing NH3:SiH4 Gas Ratio Using Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Alamgeer  , Yousuf Hasnain , Khokhar Muhammad Quddamah , Jony Jaljalalul Abedin , Rahman Rafi ur , Hassan Syed Azkar‐ul , Kim Youngkuk , Pham Duy Phong , Park Sangheon , Yi Junsin
Published: August 2024

In this article, we enhance the optical properties of hydrogenated silicon nitride (SiNx:H) thin film by optimization of deposition conditions using plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Specifically, the impact of varying NH3:SiH4 gas ratios (GRs) on the optical and structural properties of the SiNx:H film has been investigated. A ratio of 1.2 results in an optimal refractive index of 2.05, a thickness of 75.60 nm, and a deposition rate of 1.01 nm s−1, achieving the highest optical transmittance of 92.63% at 350 °C. Lower ratios, such as 0.5, produce higher refractive indices up to 2.43 but with reduced transmittance and thinner films (53.67 nm at 84.43% transmittance). The bandgap of GR 1.2 at 350 °C is also calculated as 3.23 eV using Tauc's plot. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis shows significant variations in SiH hydrogen bonding configurations at different temperatures, affecting SiH and SiNH bond densities. These are crucial for understanding the films’ electronic and optical behaviors, with the highest hydrogen content for SiH noted at 3.30 × 1022 cm−3 at 350 °C. This research provides a detailed understanding of how precise control over GRs during PECVD can fine‐tune SiNx film properties, offering guidelines for producing high‐quality SiNx:H layer.
Supporting positive parenting among pregnant people in recovery from opioid use disorder: Introducing family check‐up–prenatal
Authors: Guyon‐Harris Katherine L. , Krans Elizabeth E. , Gill Anne , Karnosh Caroline , Shaw Daniel S.
Published: August 2024

Opioid use disorder (OUD) among pregnant people has increased dramatically during the opioid epidemic, affecting a significant number of families with young children. Parents with OUD commonly face significant challenges as they are often balancing the stress of caring for young children with maintaining recovery and co‐occurring psychosocial challenges (e.g., mental health, low social support). Toward designing interventions to address parenting needs among parents with OUD, we conducted a mixed‐methods study to understand the acceptability of receiving parenting support prenatally among pregnant people with OUD residing in the United States. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted among 18 pregnant and early postpartum people recruited from a substance use treatment program specializing in the care of pregnant and parenting populations. Among all participants, a prenatal parenting program that comprehensively addresses recovery, parenting, and wellbeing was found to be widely acceptable. Regarding content most desirable within a parenting intervention, participants indicated an interest in breastfeeding, caring for newborns with in‐utero opioid exposure, parent‐infant bonding, infant soothing techniques, their own wellbeing/mental health, and parenting skills. We introduce a prenatal adaptation of the well‐established Family Check‐up parenting intervention as a novel, prenatal intervention to prevent negative outcomes for caregivers in recovery and their children.
Water phase transition and signal nulling in 3D dual‐echo adiabatic inversion‐recovery UTE (IR‐UTE) imaging of myelin
Authors: Athertya Jiyo S. , Shin Soo Hyun , Malhi Bhavsimran Singh , Lo James , Sedaghat Sam , Jang Hyungseok , Ma Yajun , Du Jiang
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The semisolid myelin sheath has very fast transverse relaxation and is invisible to conventional MRI sequences. UTE sequences can detect signal from myelin. The major challenge is the concurrent detection of various water components.

Methods

The inversion recovery (IR)–based UTE (IR‐UTE) sequence employs an adiabatic inversion pulse to invert and suppress water magnetizations. TI plays a key role in water suppression, with negative water magnetizations (negative phase) before the null point and positive water magnetizations (positive phase) after the null point. A series of dual‐echo IR‐UTE images were acquired with different TIs to detect water phase transition. The effects of TR in phase transition and water suppression were also investigated using a relatively long TR of 500 ms and a short TR of 106 ms. The water phase transition in dual‐echo IR‐UTE imaging of myelin was investigated in five ex vivo and five in vivo human brains.

Results

An apparent phase transition was observed in the second echo at the water signal null point, where the myelin signal was selectively detected by the UTE data acquisition at the optimal TI. The water phase transition point varied significantly across the brain when the long TR of 500 ms was used, whereas the convergence of TIs was observed when the short TR of 106 ms was used.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the IR‐UTE sequence with a short TR allows uniform inversion and nulling of water magnetizations, thereby providing volumetric imaging of myelin.
Demographic Differences in Emergency Room Epistaxis Treatment Patterns and Outcomes
Authors: Herrera Kevin , Mojica Marcela Moran , Sintigo Karla Marlene , Hur Kevin
Published: August 2024

Objective

Investigate the association between demographic characteristics and emergency department (ED) epistaxis management and outcomes.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

TriNetX US collaborative database.

Methods

Adults presenting to the ED for epistaxis were retrospectively followed for 7 days. Spanish‐speaking patients were propensity score matched to English‐speaking patients by demographics and medical history. Outcomes included use of nasal decongestant, nasal packing or cautery, diagnostic nasal endoscopy, endoscopic control of hemorrhage, hospital admission, and mortality. The analysis was also performed with stratification by race and ethnicity.

Results

Spanish‐speaking patients were less likely to receive nasal packing or cautery [odds ratio, OR: 0.78; 95% confidence interval, CI: (0.68; 0.90)] or diagnostic nasal endoscopy [OR: 0.72; 95% CI: (0.52; 0.98)] compared to English‐speaking patients. Black patients were more likely to receive treatment with a nasal decongestant spray [OR: 1.31; 95% CI: (1.27, 1.36)], but less likely to receive any other treatment compared to White patients. Asian patients were less likely to undergo nasal packing or cautery [OR: 0.90; 95% CI: (0.82; 0.99)], but had more ED visits [(1.37; 1.32) P < .01] compared to White patients. Hispanic patients were less likely to be admitted [OR: 0.93; 95% CI: (0.87; 0.98)], and averaged fewer ED visits [(1.27; 1.30) P = <.0001] compared to non‐Hispanic patients.

Conclusion

While demographic trends in ED epistaxis management are nuanced, our results suggest that Spanish‐speaking, Black, Asian, and Hispanic patients are less likely to receive diagnostic and epistaxis control procedures. Additional research is needed to determine the etiology of these differences.
Front Cover Image
Authors: McGruddy Rose A. , Smeele Zoe E. , Manley Brian , Masucci James D. , Haywood John , Lester Philip J.
Published: August 2024

The cover image is based on the article RNA interference as a next‐generation control method for suppressing Varroa destructor reproduction in honey bee (Apis mellifera) hives by Rose A. McGruddy et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8193.

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Unveiling the unexpected sinking and embedding dynamics of surface supported Mo/S clusters on 2D MoS2 with active machine learning
Authors: Zhao Luneng , Ren Yanhan , Shi Xiaoran , Liu Hongsheng , Yu Zhigen , Gao Junfeng , Zhao Jijun
Published: August 2024

Surface‐supported clusters forming by aggregation of excessive adatoms could be the main defects of 2D materials after chemical vapor deposition. They will significantly impact the electronic/magnetic properties. Moreover, surface supported atoms are also widely explored for high active and selecting catalysts. Severe deformation, even dipping into the surface, of these clusters can be expected because of the very active edge of clusters and strong interaction between supported clusters and surfaces. However, most models of these clusters are supposed to simply float on the top of the surface because ab initio simulations cannot afford the complex reconstructions. Here, we develop an accurate graph neural network machine learning potential (MLP) from ab initio data by active learning architecture through fine‐tuning pre‐trained models, and then employ the MLP into Monte Carlo to explore the structural evolutions of Mo and S clusters (1–8 atoms) on perfect and various defective MoS2 monolayers. Interestingly, Mo clusters can always sink and embed themselves into MoS2 layers. In contrast, S clusters float on perfect surfaces. On the defective surface, a few S atoms will fill the vacancy and rest S clusters float on the top. Such significant structural reconstructions should be carefully taken into account.
Bürgergeld per Mausklick? Der weite Weg zur digitalen Teilhabe für alle
Authors: Stilling Gwendolyn
Published: August 2024

Das neue Bürgergeld soll „zukunftsfest“ ausgestaltet, einfach und digital zugänglich sein: Die Digitalisierung soll „eine einfache, nutzerorientierte und barrierefreie Beantragung“ ermöglichen, heißt es zuversichtlich im Gesetz, wobei die persönliche Betreuung daneben weiterhin wichtig bleibe. Per Mausklick zur Leistung oder zum persönlichen Beratungstermin? Das klingt zu schön, um wahr zu sein. Die Potenziale der Digitalisierung für die Beschleunigung von Verwaltungsverfahren und Bürokratieabbau liegen auf der Hand. In der Praxis ergeben sich jedoch zwei große Hürden: Zum einen fehlt es nach wie vor vielen Leistungsberechtigten an den technischen Voraussetzungen, die durch das in der Höhe zu niedrige Bürgergeld nicht kompensiert werden können. Zum anderen fehlt es vielfach an konkretem Anwendungswissen und digitaler Praxis.
„Ich bin nicht bedürftig“: Verzicht als Abgrenzung
Authors: Eckhardt Jennifer
Published: August 2024

Dieser Beitrag stellt auf Grundlage der Sozialstaatskonstruktionen von Personen, die auf Sozialleistungen verzichten, den Nichtbezug als Abgrenzung vom Sozialstaat und von der Kategorisierung als bedürftig dar und ermittelt das Interventionspotenzial des Bürgergelds in diesem Kontext. Die zugrunde liegende qualitative Studie rekonstruiert sozialstaatliche Adressierungen, Positionszuweisungen und Responsibilisierungen und damit den spezifischen Orientierungsrahmen des Sozialstaats, innerhalb dessen die Menschen ein Verhältnis zu sich selbst entwickeln und in dem sie sich zu den von ihnen wahrgenommenen Erwartungshaltungen positionieren. Auf dieser Grundlage ermittelt der Beitrag die spezifischen subjektiven Sozialstaatskonstruktionen und die Art und Weise, wie sich im Rahmen der Praktik des Verzichts von diesen Konstruktionen abgegrenzt wird. Insgesamt wird so deutlich, dass das Bürgergeld zwar Potenzial hat die Erreichbarkeit der Sozialleistungen zu verbessern, dass seine aktuelle Ausgestaltung jedoch kaum in der Lage dazu ist, auch die für ihre inklusive Zugänglichkeit notwendige Annehmbarkeit, Anpassbarkeit und Angemessenheit der Leistungen anzuheben.
Weniger Haben als Soll. Differenzen zwischen de jure und de facto Umverteilung für arme Familien im europäischen Vergleich
Authors: Frericks Patricia , Höppner Julia
Published: August 2024

Die vielleicht bedeutendste Aufgabe wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Handels ist die Bekämpfung von Armut. Dabei gelten insbesondere Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für bedürftige Familien mit Kindern als grundsätzlich unumstritten. Allerdings erhalten arme Familien nicht nur Leistungen, sondern sie werden auch zur Bekämpfung von Armut innerhalb der eigenen Familie finanziell in die Pflicht genommen. Für die Bekämpfung von Armut ist bedeutsam zu verstehen, in welchem Maße Familien die ihnen zustehenden Leistungen tatsächlich in Anspruch nehmen und die von ihnen eingeforderten Abgaben erbringen. Der Beitrag untersucht deswegen in europäisch vergleichender Perspektive, ob und zu welchem Grad die de facto Umverteilung der de jure Umverteilung entspricht. Auf Basis des Mikrosimulationsmodells der Europäischen Union EUROMOD und der EU-SILC-Daten analysieren wir Differenzen zwischen dem tatsächlichen und simulierten verfügbaren Haushaltseinkommen, den Sozialleistungen sowie den Steuern und Sozialversicherungsbeiträgen von armutsgefährdeten Familien in acht europäischen Ländern. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es in allen acht Ländern deutliche Unterschiede zwischen der de jure und der de facto Umverteilung gibt, die dazu führen, dass armutsgefährdete Familien geringere Einkommen haben als vorgesehen. Dies ist vor allem auf die Nichtinanspruchnahme von Sozialleistungen zurückzuführen, aber auch Unterschiede zwischen den eingeforderten und den tatsächlich geleisteten Steuern und Sozialversicherungsbeiträgen spielen eine wichtige Rolle. Wir zeigen dabei Länderdifferenzen auf.
Non-canonical function of ADAM10 in presynaptic plasticity
Authors: Bär Julia , Fanutza Tomas , Reimann Christopher C. , Seipold Lisa , Grohe Maja , Bolter Janike Rabea , Delfs Flemming , Bucher Michael , Gee Christine E. , Schweizer Michaela , Saftig Paul , Mikhaylova Marina
Published: August 2024

A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) plays a pivotal role in shaping neuronal networks by orchestrating the activity of numerous membrane proteins through the shedding of their extracellular domains. Despite its significance in the brain, the specific cellular localization of ADAM10 remains not well understood due to a lack of appropriate tools. Here, using a specific ADAM10 antibody suitable for immunostainings, we observed that ADAM10 is localized to presynapses and especially enriched at presynaptic vesicles of mossy fiber (MF)-CA3 synapses in the hippocampus. These synapses undergo pronounced frequency facilitation of neurotransmitter release, a process that play critical roles in information transfer and neural computation. We demonstrate, that in conditional ADAM10 knockout mice the ability of MF synapses to undergo this type of synaptic plasticity is greatly reduced. The loss of facilitation depends on the cytosolic domain of ADAM10 and association with the calcium sensor synaptotagmin 7 rather than ADAM10’s proteolytic activity. Our findings unveil a new role of ADAM10 in the regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
Vulnerability of Physical Infrastructure Network Components to Damage from the 2015 Illapel Tsunami, Coquimbo, Chile
Authors: Williams James H. , Paulik Ryan , Aránguiz Rafael , Wild Alec
Published: August 2024

This study assesses physical infrastructure vulnerability for infrastructure network components exposed during the 2015 Illapel tsunami in Coquimbo, Chile. We analyse road and utility pole vulnerability to damage, based on interpolated and simulated tsunami hazard intensity (flow depth, flow velocity, hydrodynamic force and momentum flux) and network component characteristics. A Random Forest Model and Spearman’s Rank correlation test are applied to analyse variable importance and monotonic relationships, with respect to damage, between tsunami hazards and network component attributes. These models and tests reveal that flow depth correlates higher with damage, relative to flow velocity, hydrodynamic force and momentum flux. Scour (for roads and utility poles) and debris strikes (for utility poles) are strongly correlated with damage. A cumulative link model methodology is used to fit fragility curves. These fragility curves reveal that, in response to flow depth, Coquimbo roads have higher vulnerability than those analysed in previous tsunami event studies, while utility poles demonstrate lower vulnerability than with previous studies. Although we identify tsunami flow depth as the most important hydrodynamic hazard intensity metric, for causing road and utility pole damage, multiple characteristics correlate with damage and should also be considered when classifying infrastructure damage levels.
German Society of Neurology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment and affective disorders in people with Parkinson’s disease: new spotlights on diagnostic procedures and non-pharmacological interventions
Authors: Kalbe Elke , Folkerts Ann-Kristin , Witt Karsten , Buhmann Carsten , Liepelt-Scarfone Inga ,   for the German Parkinson’s Guidelines Group
Published: August 2024

Background and objective

Cognitive impairment and dementia as well as affective disorders are common and debilitating syndromes that develop in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). The authors summarized recommendations for the 2023 updated German guidelines on “Parkinson’s disease” from the German Neurological Society (DGN), focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.

Methods

The recommendations were based on literature reviews, other relevant guidelines, and expert opinions.

Results

Measurements to assess cognitive and affective states were reviewed for psychometric properties, use in routine clinical practice, and availability in German. To improve mild cognitive impairment, cognitive training and physical aerobic training are recommended. To treat Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related dementia, cognitive stimulation (as a non-pharmacological intervention) and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs, i.e., rivastigmine) are recommended. Cognitive behavioral therapy is recommended to treat depression, anxiety, and fear of progression. Physical interventions are recommended to treat depression, fatigue, and apathy. Optimized dopaminergic treatment is the first-line pharmacological strategy recommended to manage depression, apathy, anhedonia, fatigue, and mood swings. Major depression can be additionally treated using venlafaxine or desipramine, while moderate depression can be treated pharmacologically according to its clinical phenotype (psychomotor retardation or agitation) and comorbidities (e.g., sleep disturbances, pain). Venlafaxine and nortriptyline can be used to treat anhedonia, while citalopram can be used for anxiety.

Conclusions

In addition to the updated pharmacological treatment options, new insights into recommendations for standardized diagnostics and non-pharmacological interventions were provided for the German health care system. However, more studies are needed to explore the full potential of non-pharmacological interventions to treat and prevent cognitive impairment and affective disorders.
Global quantitative robustness of regression feed-forward neural networks
Authors: Werner Tino
Published: August 2024

Neural networks are an indispensable model class for many complex learning tasks. Despite the popularity and importance of neural networks and many different established techniques from literature for stabilization and robustification of the training, the classical concepts from robust statistics have rarely been considered so far in the context of neural networks. Therefore, we adapt the notion of the regression breakdown point to regression neural networks and compute the breakdown point for different feed-forward network configurations and contamination settings. In an extensive simulation study, we compare the performance, measured by the out-of-sample loss, by a proxy of the breakdown rate and by the training steps, of non-robust and robust regression feed-forward neural networks in a plethora of different configurations. The results indeed motivate to use robust loss functions for neural network training.
Energy-related uncertainty, financial regulations, and environmental sustainability in the United States
Authors: Meo Muhammad Saeed , Ademokoya Alade Ayodeji , Abubakar Attahir B.
Published: August 2024

The US has been classified as being “insufficient” by the Climate Action Tracker, indicating that the current actions and policies fall short of addressing critical environmental challenges. This suggests the need for enhancing the existing policy measures for improving environmental sustainability. To this end, this study investigates the time-varying impact of energy-related uncertainty and financial regulations on sectoral CO2 emissions in the US. The bootstrap rolling-window Granger causality approach is employed to examine quarterly data spanning 1990Q1–2021Q4. The estimation results reveal that energy-related uncertainty increases CO2 emissions in the transportation, residential, manufacturing, and construction sectors. On the other hand, financial regulations are found to reduce CO2 emissions across the agricultural, transportation, residential, manufacturing, and construction sectors. The findings suggest the need for enhanced policy measures to improve energy stability and strengthen financial regulations focusing on climate-related disclosures and facilitating investments in low-carbon initiatives.

Graphical abstract
T2-FLAIR mismatch sign, an imaging biomarker for CDKN2A-intact in non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant
Authors: Onishi Shumpei , Kojima Masato , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Amatya Vishwa Jeet , Yonezawa Ushio , Taguchi Akira , Ozono Iori , Go Yukari , Takeshima Yukio , Hiyama Eiso , Horie Nobutaka
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The WHO classification of central nervous system tumors (5th edition) classified astrocytoma, IDH-mutant accompanied with CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion as WHO grade 4. Loss of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) was developed as a surrogate marker for CDKN2A-HD. Identification of imaging biomarkers for CDKN2A status is of immense clinical relevance. In this study, we explored the association between radiological characteristics of non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant to the CDKN2A/B status.

Methods

Thirty-one cases of astrocytoma, IDH-mutant with MTAP results by IHC were included in this study. The status of CDKN2A was diagnosed by IHC staining for MTAP in all cases, which was further confirmed by comprehensive genomic analysis in 12 cases. The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign, cystic component, calcification, and intratumoral microbleeding were evaluated. The relationship between the radiological features and molecular pathological diagnosis was analyzed.

Results

Twenty-six cases were identified as CDKN2A-intact while 5 cases were CDKN2A-HD. The presence of > 33% and > 50% T2-FLAIR mismatch was observed in 23 cases (74.2%) and 14 cases (45.2%), respectively, and was associated with CDKN2A-intact astrocytoma (p = 0.0001, 0.0482). None of the astrocytoma, IDH-mutant with CDKN2A-HD showed T2-FLAIR mismatch sign. Cystic component, calcification, and intratumoral microbleeding were not associated with CDKN2A status.

Conclusion

In patients with non-enhancing astrocytoma, IDH-mutant, the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is a potential imaging biomarker for the CDKN2A-intact subtype. This imaging biomarker may enable preoperative prediction of CDKN2A status among astrocytoma, IDH-mutant.
Public Administration Capacity Building through Exploring Downward Counterfactuals
Authors: Woo G. , Gargiulo M. V. , Napolitano F. , Amoroso O. , Russo R. , Capuano P.
Published: August 2024

Of all natural disasters, those especially liable to exhaust capacity are those that occur without a precedent, and cause surprise to public administration officials. This paper addresses this issue. Surprise can be mitigated by considering downward counterfactuals, which can be viewed as contributing to surprise management. These are alternative realizations of historical events, where things turned for the worse. Disaster risk may be mitigated by focusing on downward counterfactuals. Particular focus is given to the earthquake and volcanic risk at Campi Flegrei, in the Naples region of Italy, where the bradyseism crisis of 1982–1983 is considered from a downward counterfactual perspective.
Therapeutic Responsiveness
Authors: Calaboiça Cláudia , Monteiro Rafaela , Silva Azevedo Márcia , Meira Liliana , Santos Anita
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Therapeutic responsiveness (TR) encompasses the dynamic interaction between therapist and client, reflecting adjustments in behavior and interventions to meet individual needs, characteristics, and preferences. TR influences the therapeutic alliance, client engagement, and treatment outcomes. Despite evolving conceptualizations over time, a unified definition of TR remains elusive, hindering research and practice in psychotherapy. We aimed to explore how TR has been defined and studied in psychotherapy process research, identifying elements incorporated into its conceptualization and methodologies for its assessment. A systematic literature review was conducted across four databases using search terms related to the variables of interest (TR and the psychotherapy process). Thirty empirical studies were identified. The review revealed diverse methodologies and definitions of TR, with an emphasis on quantitative approaches. Four dimensions of TR emerged, highlighting its multidimensional nature: therapist and treatment responsiveness, relational responsiveness, and client responsiveness. Challenges in defining and assessing TR were evident, with studies often focusing on one dimension rather than embracing its complexity fully. A proposal for a ‘gold standard’ definition was presented, based on the different conceptualizations of TR mentioned in the various studies. Consolidating existing measures, developing new tools, and adopting multidimensional assessment approaches are recommended to advance our understanding of this complex construct. Recognizing TR’s multifaceted nature and addressing challenges in its definition and assessment are essential for informing responsive therapeutic interventions, with implications for therapist training and supervision.
Preparation of T8 and double-decker silsesquioxane-based Janus-type molecules: molecular modeling and DFT insights
Authors: Duszczak-Kaczmarek Julia , Mituła-Chmielowiec Katarzyna , Rzonsowska Monika , Jankowski Wojciech , Hoffmann Marcin , Walkowiak Jędrzej , Dudziec Beata
Published: August 2024

We present a methodology for the synthesis of inorganic-organic Janus-type molecules based on mono-T8 and difunctionalized double-decker silsesquioxanes (DDSQs) via hydrosilylation reactions, achieving exceptionally high yields and selectivities. The synthesized compounds were extensively characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, and their sizes and spatial arrangements were predicted through molecular modelling and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Quantum chemical calculations were employed to examine the interactions among four molecules of the synthesized compounds. These computational results allowed us to determine the propensity for molecular aggregation, identify the functional groups involved in these interactions, and understand the changes in interatomic distances during aggregation. Understanding the aggregation behaviour of silsesquioxane molecules is crucial for tailoring their properties for specific applications, such as nanocomposites, surface coatings, drug delivery systems, and catalysts. Through a combination of experimental and computational approaches, this study provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of silsesquioxane-based Janus-type molecules for enhanced performance across various fields.
Campus Connect Revolutionizing Departmental Collaboration and Engagement
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Kumar Bhaskar , Mahna Jayesh , Purve Dhiraj , Gond Nitin , Ali MD Shahid
Published: August 2024

Campus Connect is a dynamic web platform designed to facilitate seamless communication and resource sharing among students within educational institutions. Built using RN stack (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js and Node. and powered by socket.io for real-time interaction, Campus Connect offers a comprehensive solution to improve collaboration and engagement among students. This paper presents an overview of Campus Connect’s architecture and key features, including Announcements and Events, Public Channels, Resource Sharing, Notifications, and Login/Logout functionalities. Through its user-friendly interface and robust technology stack, Campus Connect aims to revolutionize student communication and foster a more connected learning community.
Nanoparticles Extraction from Rice Husk Ash: A review
Authors: Shahuru Haleemath , Mohammed Ebrahim Ali Alfedway Ehsaq , Enaemi Ezekiel , Jha Kanishk , Singh Manjeet
Published: August 2024

Rice is the staple food of many countries, especially in the Asia region which holds the highest consumption of rice with 90% globally. Rice husk is a solid agricultural waste of rice milling which needs a proper waste management. Rice Husk are a renewable resource which is widely used to extract nanoparticles for various applications. One such type of nanoparticles which are extracted from rice husk is the silica particles. In order to extract these silica particles various methods and procedures are used. In this review it gives a detailed explanation on how the silica particles are extracted from Rice Husk by various methods of extraction. It also highlights the applications of these extracted nanoparticles and the properties of Rice Husk Ash. Two main methods discussed for the silica extraction are the physical and the chemical method. Additionally, it also highlights the other methods which are used for the process of extraction of silica particles from Rice Husk.
Design and analysis of brake and clutch integrating paddle system
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Irshad P Muhammed , Raza Md Danish , Kumar Singh Srijan , Baliram Ghubade Anil
Published: August 2024

In the realm of automotive engineering, the integration of clutch and braking systems has emerged as a paramount area of innovation, promising enhanced efficiency, safety, and performance. This paper proposes a novel pedal system that seamlessly integrates both functions, revolutionizing the driving experience. Through a comprehensive design approach, incorporating advanced materials, ergonomic considerations, and cutting-edge technology, this system aims to streamline vehicle control while optimizing space and weight distribution. By amalgamating the operations of clutch engagement and brake modulation into a singular interface, drivers can expect heightened responsiveness and fluidity in maneuvering, thereby elevating driving dynamics to unprecedented levels[1]. This abstract outlines the conceptual framework, design methodology, and anticipated benefits of the integrated pedal system, heralding a new era in automotive engineering[2].
Contact Analysis of Femur and tibia for eliminating material wastage and time used in experimentation by FEA approach
Authors: Shoor Sumit , Rathore Prashant , Kiwonyi Fadhili Eliamin , Vaisakh CR Suseel , Veera Gutti Kalyana , Krishna Kamal Meda Venkata Sai , Pradhan Swastik
Published: August 2024

The main function of the bone is to serve like a base for the body, and to carry the weight of human body. In case of traumatic accident when force is applied and sudden jerks act against the bone, it can lead to bone injury and result in variety of bone injuries. The joint made of the femur bone which on the other side is connected to the tibia bones enabling them to form a complex hinge joint that is the knee, allowing for ease of movement. Knee is a particular joint which is crucial for supporting the body weight and also providing the flexion and extension motions during the day to day activities. A 3D model of the Knee joint was design using CREO and final assembly of the product being executed in .IGES format. Finite element analysis was carried out using different loading conditions of the knee joint to simulate the , displacement stresses and deformation using ANSYS Workbench. Contact behaviour of two materials were simulated which can be used as alternative of human bone. Material taken for analysis are Grade 5 alloy of Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) and Magnesium (WE43). The study is in comparison to the characteristics of natural human bone. From the simulation it has been found out that alloy of Magnesium is effective alternative of human bone.
Estimation of Machining Performance in Wire EDM of Aluminum Silicon Nitride Composite an Experimental Analysis and ANN Modeling
Authors: Al Ansari Mohammed Saleh , Kaliappan Seeniappan , Reddy G. Bharath , Muthukannan M. , Maranan Ramya , Mishra Parthasarathi
Published: August 2024

The primary objective of the current research is to optimize machining performance in Al 7010 alloyreinforced with silicon nitride nanoparticles. This has been accomplished through a combination ofexperimental analysis and predictive modeling methodologies. Initially, composite materials were createdusing stir casting, and varied percentages of silicon nitride were incorporated into the material to supplementits mechanical properties. Wire Electrical Discharge Machining was performed using different parameters suchas Pulse On Time , Pulse Off Time , and Current , and a range of these parameters was defined according tolevels . Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness were chosen as the machining responses and indicatedhigh sensitivity to variations in chosen parameters. Each response was thoroughly investigated and detectedusing these responses before establishing the optimized levels. Taguchi design of experiments and signal-tonoiseratio were two common techniques used to investigate parameter interactions, and they were also used todetermine the optimum combinations for both the parameters for optimizing MRR and minimizing SR.Moreover, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was also established to foresee the response readingswith great precision and predict the parameter effect to enhance further predictive modeling capabilities inmachining. The present research optimization results indicated that the maximum MRR is obtained at Pulse OnTime , Pulse Off Time , and Current levels, while the minimum SR is obtained at Pulse On Time , Pulse OffTime , and Current levels. These findings provide promising avenues of research in the field of aerospace,indicating the possibility of machining components with superior machinability and mechanical strength.Furthermore, the predicting ability of an ANN model helps in obtaining the insights to engineers to optimizetheir process by gaining information about performance and material response.
Experimental Insights and ANN-Based Surface Roughness Prediction through analysis of Machined Surface Quality of Al2024/SiCp Composites
Authors: Al Ansari Mohammed Saleh , Krishnakumari A. , Saravanan M. , Kiran Chappeli Sai , Kaliappan Seeniappan , Maranan Ramya
Published: August 2024

This present research deals with optimizing machining parameters and surface quality improvement of Al2024/SiCp composites which are important materials used in the aerospace industry. The optimal quartet of factors was investigated to achieve the best outcomes using Taguchi design approach and includes cutting speed of 105 m/min, feed rate of 0.15 mm/rev, and depth of cut of 0.35 mm with a minimal level of roughness of 0.9 μm. An ANN model has been trained and validated, and a high level of predictive accuracy with an overall accuracy of 100% after 195 epochs has been achieved. The results indicated that systematic experimentation and the application of advanced modeling approaches, including the beneficial configuration of parameters and validated ANN model, can help to achieve a superior surface quality meeting the requirements of the aerospace industry. As a result, manufacturers can benefit from the proposed solutions to optimize their production practices, enhance the performance of components, and contribute to the field of aerospace engineering.
Agri Watch: Precision Plant Health Monitoring using Deep Learning
Authors: Krishna Ujjwal , Bharadwaj Sreepada , Kaswan Vinit , Kumar Anuraj , Kaur Gursimran , Rana Pooja
Published: August 2024

The growth of deep learning technologies allows us to achieve higher accuracy in the classification of plant diseases, as well as in other domains. This research reveals the performance of several DL approaches, including custom convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and models which are pre-trained namely VGG16 and ResNet34, which were used for the recognition of diseases in plants that are depicted through the images. These models may obtain the necessary growing environment for training and assessing the models by using a publicly accessible dataset that includes pictures of both healthy and diseased plants, in total there are 14 unique plants used. The results of the experiment suggest that all the models combinedly gave 98.46% accuracy in the classification of diverse plant diseases. In addition to this, the paper discusses the hyperparameters like learning rate and optimizer choice that affect the model furthermore, the project discusses the methods involved in training deep learning models on GPU devices computationally speaking. Thereby, this project can be added to the field of agriculture vision by showing that deep learning methods are good for plant disease classification.
Green marketing Door to Sustainable Development
Authors: Sangwan Vidushi , Prakash Srivastava Satyam
Published: August 2024

Today, Green Marketing has become increasingly vital in the modern market place. It drivesshift in both consumer demand and producers supply, leading to changes in advancements in products.Consequently, consumers are experiencing higher levels of satisfaction with the products they buy whilebusinesses are targeting consumers more effectively, driving up profits and fostering growth. This focuson green marketing also reflects a growing concern for sustainable environmental development. This paperdeals with significance of green marketing, discussing the challenges it faces and proposing strategies toovercome them.