bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the Internal Control System Against Fraud Tendencies “Meta-Analysis Study”
Authors: Faisol Faisol , Haryadi Bambang , Musyarofah Siti , Iswahyudi Anggi Pradhita
Published: December 2023

The aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of internal control on fraud tendencies. This research uses a meta-analysis approach by reviewing comparable previous studies. This study invloves 20 previous studies published from 2017 to 2021 with themes related to the effect of internal control systems on fraud tendencies as the research sample. The aim of using the most recently published research is to maximize the effectiveness of this research. The JASP (Jaffreys’ Amazing Statistical Application) and Microsoft Excel programs are used to process the data in the meta-analysis. The outcome show that internal control system has a negative and significant effect on fraud tendencies. This is consistent with the theory and results of previous studies which show that the more effective the internal control system is implemented, the less likely fraud to occur in organizations. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, businesses and governmental organizations must have internal control systems in place to lessen the likelihood of fraud
Bolu Müzesi Örneğinde Kilimlerde Depolama ve Sergileme Yöntemleri
Authors: Karakullukçuoğlu Esra , Genç Mustafa
Published: December 2023

İnsanlar günlük ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak adına çeşitli kullanım eşyaları üretmişlerdir. Kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılarak geleneksellik vasfı kazanan bu ürünler, toplumların kültür varlıklarını oluşturmuşlardır. Etnografya biliminin alanına giren söz konusu unsurlar arasında süs eşyalarını, sosyal yaşamda kullanılan aksesuarları, çeşitli tarım aletleri ve dokumaları vs. saymak mümkündür. Etnografik malzemelerin bir grubunu da el dokuma kilimler oluşturmaktadır. Kilimler yaygı, duvar ve sedir örtüsü gibi amaçlar doğrultusunda üretilip kullanılmışladır. Anadolu’nun büyük bir kısmında üretim alanı bulan kilimler, müze ve koleksiyonlarının önemli kültür varlıkları arasındadırlar. Söz konusu eserlerin organik yapıları çevresel faktörlerden etkilenerek yıpranmalarına yol açmakta ve bunun önüne geçmek için de sergileme ve depolama alanlarında ısı, ışık ve nem dengesine dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı Bolu Müzesi’ndeki eserlerin sergileme, depolama yöntemlerini ve eserlerin korunmasında almış oldukları önlemleri ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada literatür tarama, görüşme ve belgeleme gibi nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bolu Müzesi envanterinde 114 adet dokumanın kayıtlı olduğu, bunların 63 adedinin halı, 41 tanesinin ise kilim olduğu bilgisine ulaşılmıştır. Kilimlerden 5 tanesi sergilenmektedir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda Bolu müzesindeki kilimlerin depolama yöntemlerinin doğru olarak yapıldığı görülmüştür.
Effect of Cultivation Temperature on E xopolysaccharide S ynthesis by Microbial Probiotic Consortium
Authors: Pozhidaeva Ekaterina , Popov Evgeniy , Dymovskikh Yana , Grebennikova Maria , Durova Julia
Published: December 2023

In the development of food technologies, an urgent direction is the expansion of the possibility of using natural polysaccharides, which are vital products of probiotic microorganisms formed in the process of biomass synthesis, which increase the adhesion activity of lacto- and bifidobacteria on mucous surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract and contribute to the formation of anticancerogenic, antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of probiotic products. It is known that the synthesis of water-binding metabolites by probiotic microorganisms is activated under adverse conditions for biomass growth. Experimental studies of the activity of synthesis of exopolysaccharides by a consortium of probiotic microorganisms based on Str. thermophiles, B. bifidum, B. longum, B. adolescentis, B. breve, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum. The temperature modes of cultivation have been studied on the basis of combining the steps of optimal and suboptimal conditions for the development of microorganisms corresponding to temperature variation in the range of higher (47 ± 2) °C or lower (32 ± 2) °C in order to intensify the synthesis of water-binding metabolites of polysaccharide nature. It is possible to achieve lactic acid concentration sufficient for acid coagulation of the cultured mixture proteins, probiotic microorganism concentration at the level of not less than 108 CFU/g. The results of optical density studies in the range 632–643 A and exopolysaccharide concentrations for biomass samples of the consortium of lacto- and bifidobacteria within the range and 87,5–89,5 mg/mL (273–277 A and 37,5–38,5 mg/mL in the control sample, respectively) are presented. The maximum activity of synthesis of moisture-binding metabolites was found to correspond to a two-stage cultivation process at temperature (32 ± 2) °C (4–5 hours), (40 ± 2) °C (4–5 hours), followed by cooling to (4 ± 2) °C.
Effect of Soluble Dietary Fibers from Larix Dahurica on Dairy Bioproducts
Authors: Reshetnik Ekaterina , Gribanova Svetlana , Derzhapolskaya Yulia , Li Chun , Li Yuting
Published: December 2023

Wood extracts of Daurian larch (Larix gmelinii) serve as raw material for the prebiotic food additive called Lavitol Arabinogalactan. Larch arabinogalactan is a soluble dietary polysaccharide fiber with a wide range of preventive effects. Fermented dairy products fortified with larch arabinogalactan become functional products with valuable therapeutic activities. This research featured the effect of various doses of larch arabinogalactan on fermentation of normalized milk mixes and the quality profile of the finished dairy bioproduct. The authors determined the optimal dose of dietary fiber, established its prebiotic properties, and determined the physicochemical profile of the final functional product. The experiments involved lyophilized starter on pure cultures of Str. thermophilus, Lac. delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus, and B. bifidum. The optimal cultivation temperature was (38 ± 2) °C. Larch arabinogalactan was added to normalized milk mixes in an amount of 0.5–2.5 %. The authors determined the active acidity during fermentation and established a direct relationship between the increase in acidity and the increase in the mass fraction of larch arabinogalactan. The study also involved the lactic acid microbial count and the bifidobacterial count in the fermented mixes. The viable microbial count in the fortified samples demonstrated lactic acid microorganisms (107–109 CFU/cm3) and bifidobacteria (106–108 CFU/cm3). The optimal dose of larch arabinogalactan proved to be 1.5 %. In this research, 0.5 L of the new functional dairy bioproduct was able to cover 36.8 % of human physiological daily need for dietary fibers.
Effect of Biodegradable Packaging on Safety Indicators of Cottage Cheese and Cottage Cheese Products during Storage
Authors: Agarkov Alexander
Published: December 2023

Polylactide and polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate are sources of biodegradable packaging materials. This research featured the effect of these packaging and storage materials on cottage cheese model products. It covered sensory properties and physicochemical variables, e.g., titrated acidity, active acidity, peroxide number, anisidine number, etc. By the end of shelf-life, oxidative spoilage increased by 9.6–23.3 %, depending on the ratio of low-fat cottage cheese to 18.0 % curd mass. All the experimental samples demonstrated very smooth changes in active acidity, which dropped by 8.0–10.0 % by the end of shelf-life. In this research, polylactide and polybutylene adipate co-terephthalate showed good prospects as packaging for cottage cheese and cottage cheese products.
Functional Goat Curd
Authors: Agibaeva Alya , Gavrilova Natalya , Chernopolskaya Natalya
Published: December 2023

The research featured milk-protein goat curd fortified with functional ingredients and a vitamin-mineral complex. The study was a joint project by the Pavlodar State University (Pavlodar, Republic of Kazakhstan) and the Department of Food and Food Biotechnology of the Omsk State Agrarian University (Omsk, Russia). It featured Saanen goats from specialized breeding farms. The physical, chemical, and microbiological variables were reviewed for compliance with State Standard GOST 32940-2014: Goat’s milk. Specifications (January 1, 2016). The experimental tests involved standard sensory, chemical, and microbiological methods. They resulted in a new formulation with optimal biotechnological variables for a novel curd product with functional ingredients, a vitamin and mineral complex, and an activated bioenrichment agent. The latter was based on the LAT PB T biopreparation with Bifidobacterium Longum, Bifidobacterium Bifidum, Bifidobacterium Infantis, and Streptococcus Thermophillus. After being tested at a leading dairy plant in Pavlodar, Kazakhstan, the biotechnology was applied for a patent.
Effect of Illumination on Milk Yield
Authors: Dovlatov Igor , Blagov Dmitriy , Pavkin Dmitry
Published: December 2023

Illumination is an important variable that affects the milk yield. The present 90-day experiment took place on the premises of the Experimental Station Grigoryevskoe, Yaroslavl Region, Russia. The cows received feed and water that complied with veterinary and sanitary standards. The authors developed an SP-3 experimental lighting system of twelve LED lights with a total of 108 W. The uniformity of illumination and color rendering was improved by 30%. The control herd lived in their usual stalls with four fluorescent lights (LSP-2x36) with a total of 288 W. The new lighting system increased the energy saving by 2.6 times while the milk yield in the experimental herd grew by 4.5%.
Motivating Students with Different Cognitive Abilities
Authors: Churikov Il'ya , Kagan Elena
Published: December 2023

Individual motivational factors depend on the intellectual potential. The research objective was to identify the characteristics of motivating students with different levels of intellectual abilities based on the motivational and intellectual spheres of their personality. The study was conducted at the Siberian Polytechnic College and Algorithmics Programming School, Kemerovo. It involved 85 students aged 15–19 y.o. R. Amthauer’s Intelligence Structure Test made it possible to determine their dominant motivations and psychometric intelligence indicators. The data were processed in line with the Fisher’s multifunctional φ-angular criterion. Students who stated self-development and professional achievements as their dominant motivations differed in cognitive abilities. The analysis can be of practical importance for teachers and psychologists. It provides a better understanding of how motivational factors can affect academic process and may help to customize approaches to teaching based on a more effective interaction between teachers and students.
Syntactic Maturity in Teenagers with Severe Speech Impairments
Authors: El'gart Elena , Sergeeva Anna
Published: December 2023

Syntactic maturity in schoolchildren with speech disorders remains an understudied issue. This research featured middle school students (grades 5–6, Russian education system) with general speech underdevelopment that proved resistant to corrective action. The participants followed a basic general curriculum adapted for students with severe speech impairments. The authors developed and tested an algorithm for speech therapy examination of syntactic competencies at the sentence level. The diagnostic criteria were based on the content characteristics of syntactic skills within syntactic competence. The article describes the stages of the experiment and gives a brief analysis of the results obtained. The analysis revealed some problematic components of syntactic competence in teenagers with resistant speech impairments. The diagnostic pattern and the interpretation method may help to develop a unified system of correctional speech therapy aimed at improving syntactic skills in children with severe speech disorders.
Health-Saving Competence in Preschool Teachers
Authors: Karpova Lyubov'
Published: December 2023

The article describes the professional readiness of pre-school teachers to provide health safety at work, both for themselves and their educatees. It introduces results of a scientific literature review and a scientific test of a model of health-saving activities. The experiment made it possible to test the methodological approaches derived from available publications and interpret the obtained results. The research relied on the concept of an aggregate unity of psychological, physical, and biological components in anthropological studies. As a result, the model of health-saving pre-school activities was developed using a number of approaches that centered on such ideas as system, health science, competence, axiology, culture, and activity. The model and the review can be used at pre-schools to develop an educational environment that provides both children and teachers with health-saving activities. The research also offers criteria and indicators for measuring the effectiveness of pedagogical management in the process of developing the health-saving competence in pre-school teachers.
Teaching Writing on Socially Significant Topics
Authors: Sharko Mariia
Published: December 2023

Modern students are often required to be able to write an essay on a socially significant topic, which is important for their personal identification and future career. However, school or university curricula seldom provide special courses in creative writing. This article introduces a methodological training model for schools and universities based on a literary review and sample texts. The research focuses on the knowledge and skills that make up the content of teaching essay writing. Teaching social-topic essay skills includes several stages. Stage I develops the knowledge about personality and subjectivity. It teaches how to apply universal speech strategies, e.g., generalization of one's own life experience, opposition, contrast / continuity, self-contradiction, semantic interpretation, association, paradox, as-if strategy, epatage, etc. A similar list of universal tactics includes referencing and interpretation, illustrative proverbs, comparing different writers’ opinions, introducing scientific data / historical facts / biography details / examples from fiction and films / personal experience shared by many / facts about oneself and family, appeal, assumption, forecasting, expressing one’s personal impressions and feelings, etc. Another list includes mastering lexical, grammatical, and graphic means of expressing subjective modality. Stage II develops analytical skills based on sample texts with various linguistic means of self-expression. It also presupposes the task of writing a statement based on a combination of various speech and language means of self-expression. Stage III involves gaining experience in writing essays on socially significant topics: choosing speech strategies and tactics, applying linguistic means of subjective modality, etc. The research also clarifies the concept of personality as a category of self-expression, as well as determines effective speech strategies, tactics, and linguistic means of subjective modality in expressing one’s personality through an essay on a socially significant topic. In addition, the study offers a new methodology of speech development.
Typology of Industrial Revolutions and Their Classifications Through the Prism of Innovations in the Field of Technical and Forensic Support
Authors: Lukinskiy Ivan
Published: December 2023

The rapid development of modern society has triggered profound economic changes in all aspects of human life and state activity. These transformations give rise to a great deal of scientific research, in particular, on the study of the consequences of industrial revolutions. These revolutions changed social paradigms and caused critical shifts in the global economic landscape. Three important conceptual trends have emerged in the scientific study of industrial revolutions: evolutionary, cyclical, and systemic. These paradigms reflect the comprehensive nature of the industrial revolution with its profound transformations in the social, economic, technological, and cultural spheres. Throughout human history, five different industrial revolutions have marked epochal shifts in the trajectory of human civilization. The advent of the fifth industrial revolution (5IR) also brings about significant adjustments in law enforcement in general and in the technical and forensic support of crime detection and investigation, in particular. Big data analytics is a powerful tool that facilitates comprehensive analysis of complex data sets. Three-dimensional scanning technologies increase accuracy and objectivity in crime scene analysis and expertise. Blockchain technology ensures the immutability of evidence. In this context, the transforming potential of 5IR lies in its ability to revolutionize the tactics and techniques of crime detection and investigation. However, the abovementioned technological advances are accompanied by multidimensional ethical and legal challenges.
Comparison of Endometrial Microbiota Results Between Patients with Unexplained Infertility and Fertile Patients through 16s rRNA Sequencing
Authors: Ozten Dere Gonca , Tan Cagman , Mumusoglu Sezcan , Zarakolu Pinar , Bozdag Gurkan
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of our study was to compare the endometrial microbiota profiles of women with unexplained infertility and fertile women.
STUDY DESIGN: A total of 15 patients with unexplained infertility and 15 patients who had a live birth in the last two years with proven fertility were recruited. Endometrial samples were collected and analyzed through next-generation sequencing of the bacteria-specific 16S ribosome gene.
RESULTS: Lactobacillus species represented the majority of the microbiome profile in both groups. The median percentage of the endometrial Lactobacillus between infertile patients and fertile patients was not statistically significant (p=0.9). Groups were divided into two categories: Lactobasillus dominant (Lactobacillus spp.> 90%, LD) and Non-Lactobasillus dominant (NLD). Lactobacillus dominance was detected in six of nine patients (66.7%) in the study group and four of nine patients (44.5%) in the control group, and no significant difference was observed between them (p=0.64).
CONCLUSION: According to our study results, no significant difference was observed between the endometrial microbiota profile of infertile and fertile patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to characterize the endometrial microbiota and its impact on reproduction.Keywords: Microbiota, unexplained infertility, endometrial microbiota
Magnetite-boosted syntrophic conversion of acetate to methane during thermophilic anaerobic digestion
Authors: Wu Zi-Fan , Li Zhao-Long , Liu Qing-Hua , Yang Zhi-Man
Published: December 2023

Using a batch thermophilic anaerobic system established with 60 mL serum bottles, the mechanism on how microbial enrichments obtained from magnetite-amended paddy soil via repeated batch cultivation affected methane production from acetate was investigated. Magnetite-amended enrichments (MAEs) can improve the methane production rate rather than the methane yield. Compared with magnetite-unamended enrichments, the methane production rate in MAE was improved by 50%, concomitant with the pronounced electrochemical response, high electron transfer capacity, and fast acetate degradation. The promoting effects might be ascribed to direct interspecies electron transfer facilitated by magnetite, where magnetite might function as electron conduits to link the acetate oxidizers (Anaerolineaceae and Peptococcaceae) with methanogens (Methanosarcinaceae). The findings demonstrated the potential application of MAE for boosting methanogenic performance during thermophilic anaerobic digestion.
Group analysis tasks. Conservation laws
Authors:   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics of UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia, Khabirov S.V.
Published: December 2023

Differential equations of mechanics are derived from the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. Other conservation laws can be obtained using the symmetries of these equations. Any conservation law can be derived from one using canonical operators, special cases of which are symmetry operators. The calculation of canonical conservation law operators is equivalent to a direct method of finding a divergent form of equations that are valid by virtue of the equations of mechanics. Using the example of one-dimensional equations of gas dynamics, all zero-order conservation laws are obtained by the direct method. For special equations of state, an infinite set of conservation laws have been obtained, many of which are new.
Fractional-order integral generalization of the Rapoport–Leas equation
Authors:   Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia, Lukashchuk S.Yu.
Published: December 2023

A one-dimensional time-fractional integral model for a two-phase flow through a porous medium with power-law memory in the presence of capillary forces is considered. Based on the time-fractional integral generalization of Darcy’s law and the classical mass balance equations for phases, neglecting gravity forces, a time-fractional integral generalization of the Rapoport–Leas equation is derived. It is shown that in the limiting case of constant capillary pressure, the obtained equation coincides with the classical Buckley–Leverett equation. An example of initial boundary value problem for the derived fractional integral equation is given for the case of a finite reservoir. Unlike the classical Rapoport–Leas equation, its time-fractional integral analogue does not have a traveling wave solution in general case. It is due to the fact that the fractional integral with a finite lower limit is not invariant with respect to translations in time. However, for the model problem of two-phase displacement in an unbounded reservoir, considered as a discontinuity breakup problem, the full memory approximation is valid. In this case the obtained equation has a traveling wave solution. In this approximation, relations for the main characteristics of the saturation jump on the shock are obtained. In particular, it is shown that the speed of the shock can be found from an equation that includes the time-fractional integral characteristic of the Leverett function. The behavior of the shock near its left and right boundaries is also asymptotically studied for different saturation levels at the boundaries. It has been proven that if the initial saturation exceeds the residual saturation of the displacing phase, then on the right boundary the saturation at the jump exponentially tends to the initial one. On the left boundary, the asymptotic behavior of the jump is also exponential, with the exception of one special case in which it becomes a fractional power law. For the equation in question, an approximate solution has been analytically constructed for the case of «weak» full memory, when the order of fractional integration is close to zero and can be considered as a small parameter.
The Processing of LDPE Plastic Waste into Renewable Fuel Using Waste Motor Oil
Authors: Alex Surapati  , Angky Puspawan  , Yanolanda Suzantry Handayani  , Fitrilina
Published: December 2023

The increase in population causes an increasing amount of solid waste, especially plastic waste. Plastic waste that cannot be decomposed in nature increases its number and causes environmental pollution. The research aimed to process plastic waste into alternative fuel oil using waste motor oil. The research methods consisted of designing a plastic waste processing device using waste motor oil as fuel and testing the device with a plastic burning process using a processing machine. The plastic waste processing device was produced in the form of a stove that functions to heat plastic waste fueled by waste motor oil using an electric blower to generate pressure into the reactor. The heating process produces steam flowing and processing in a distillation tube to produce oil. The resulting temperature was 140oC and could melt plastic waste, but there were still burning residues. The distillation produced two types of fuel oil, yellow and black.
Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticle Made from Lampung Pumice Modified with Sonication Parameters for Size and Purity
Authors: Rahmadianti Siti , Hendronursito Yusup
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of sonication process parameters on the formation of the size and purity of silica from the synthesis of pumice. Pumice reflux process using NaOH for 24 hrs. Titrate using 5M H2SO4 solution to pH 7 and a white gel is formed. The residue was washed using distilled water and dried at 100 oC for 24 hrs. The residue was then stirred with 1M HCl solution for 4 hrs. After the synthesis process, the silica powder was then subjected to a sonication process with temperature variations of 30, 60, and 80 oC for 1, 2, and 3 hrs. The purity of silica was evaluated from the results of x-ray fluorescence, x-ray defragment, and SEM test results. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the independent variable temperature contributed 67.25% and had a significant effect on the SiO2 concentration. The two sonication variables, temperature and time, contributed 50.31% and 46.24%, respectively. The variables significant effect on particle size. Other independent variables affect the SiO2 concentration by 10.36%. The sonication process can increassed concentration and reduced particle size of silica synthesized by selecting the appropriate independent variable.
First records of the chondrichthyans Heslerodus and Ossianodus from the Upper Pennsylvanian LaSalle Limestone (Bond Formation) of northern Illinois
Authors: Gieser Ricky , Shell Ryan , Thomas M. Jared , Davis Mark
Published: December 2023

Heslerodus divergens and an undetermined species of the genus Ossianodus are recorded for the first time from the Upper Pennsylvanian LaSalle Limestone Member of the Bond Formation in northern Illinois. Ossianodus is a new record for the state. Four specimens of H. divergens and one of Ossianodus sp. were recovered, all partially complete teeth. Descriptive and comparative notes are provided. Future studies of the formation may yield additional specimens of other vertebrate species.
Older Adults’ Engagement and Mood During Robot-Assisted Group Activities in Nursing Homes: Development and Observational Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Tanner Alexandra , Urech Andreas , Schulze Hartmut , Manser Tanja
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Promoting the well-being of older adults in an aging society requires new solutions. One resource might be the use of social robots for group activities that promote physical and cognitive stimulation. Engaging in a robot-assisted group activity may help in the slowdown of physical and cognitive decline in older adults. Currently, our knowledge is limited on whether older adults engage in group activities with humanlike social robots and whether they experience a positive affect while doing so. Both are necessary preconditions to achieve the intended effects of a group activity.

OBJECTIVE

Our pilot study has 2 aims. First, we aimed to develop and pilot an observational coding scheme for robot-assisted group activities because self-report data on engagement and mood of nursing home residents are often difficult to obtain, and the existing observation instruments do have limitations. Second, we aimed to investigate older adults’ engagement and mood during robot-assisted group activities in 4 different nursing care homes in the German-speaking part of Switzerland.

METHODS

We developed an observation system, inspired by existing tools, for a structured observation of engagement and mood of older adults during a robot-assisted group activity. In this study, 85 older adult residents from 4 different care homes in Switzerland participated in 5 robot-assisted group activity sessions, and they were observed using our developed system. The data were collected in the form of video clips that were assessed by 2 raters regarding engagement (direction of gaze, posture as well as body expression, and activity) and mood (positive and negative affects). Both variables were rated on a 5-point rating scale.

RESULTS

Our pilot study findings show that the engagement and mood of older adults can be assessed reliably by using the proposed observational coding scheme. Most participants actively engaged in robot-assisted group activities (mean 4.19, SD 0.47; median 4.0). The variables used to measure engagement were direction of gaze (mean 4.65, SD 0.49; median 5.0), posture and body expression (mean 4.03, SD 0.71; median 4.0), and activity (mean 3.90, SD 0.65; median 4.0). Further, we observed mainly positive affects in this group. Almost no negative affect was observed (mean 1.13, SD 0.20; median 1.0), while the positive affect (mean 3.22, SD 0.55; median 3.2) was high.

CONCLUSIONS

The developed observational coding system can be used and further developed in future studies on robot-assisted group activities in the nursing home context and potentially in other settings. Additionally, our pilot study indicates that cognitive and physical stimulation of older adults can be promoted by social robots in a group setting. This finding encourages future technological development and improvement of social robots and points to the potential of observational research to systematically evaluate such developments.
Online Cognitive Stimulation Therapy for Dementia in Brazil and India: Acceptability, Feasibility, and Lessons for Implementation (Preprint)
Authors: Fisher Emily , Venkatesan Shreenila , Benevides Pedro , Bertrand Elodie , Brum Paula Schimidt , El Baou Céline , Ferri Cleusa P , Fossey Jane , Jelen Maria , Laks Jerson , Liu Lisa , Mograbi Daniel C , Natarajan Nirupama , Naylor Renata , Pantouli Despina , Ramanujam Vaishnavi , Rangaswamy Thara , Santos de Carvalho Raquel L , Stoner Charlotte , Vaitheswaran Sridhar , Spector Aimee
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is an evidence-based, group psychosocial intervention for people with dementia, and it has a positive impact on cognition and quality of life. CST has been culturally adapted for use globally. It was developed as a face-to-face intervention but has recently been adapted for online delivery.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aimed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of online or virtual CST (vCST) delivery in India and Brazil, emphasizing barriers and facilitators to implementation.

METHODS

A single-group, multisite, mixed methods, feasibility study was conducted, with nested qualitative interviews. Primary feasibility outcomes were recruitment rate, attendance, attrition, acceptability, and outcome measure completion. Exploratory pre- and postintervention measures, including cognition and quality of life, were assessed. Qualitative interviews were conducted with people with dementia, family caregivers, and group and organizational leaders following intervention delivery, and the data were analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

RESULTS

A total of 17 vCST group sessions with 59 participants were conducted for 7 weeks, with 53% (31/59) of participants attending all 14 sessions. Attrition rate was 7% (4/59), and outcome measure completion rate at follow-up was 68% (40/59). Interviews took place with 36 stakeholders. vCST was acceptable to participants and group leaders and enabled vital access to services during pandemic restrictions. While online services broadened geographic access, challenges emerged concerning inadequate computer literacy, poor technology access, and establishing interpersonal connections online. Exploratory, uncontrolled analyses indicated positive trends in quality of life but negative trends in cognition and activities of daily living, but these results were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

vCST demonstrated feasibility and acceptability, serving as a crucial resource during the pandemic but raised challenges related to technology access, computer literacy, and long-term implementation. The study highlights the potential of vCST while emphasizing ongoing development and solutions to address implementation challenges.
The association between social media use and cognitive function among older adults: systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Emma Yun-zhi , Wang Junjing , Xiao Ying , Du Jun , Kan Juntao
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Using social media is among the most common activity of adults and older people. Social media provides people a new way to communicate with their friends, children, and grandchildren; to receive and provide social support; and to have access to knowledge and entertainment. However, does social media use led to changes in cognitive function in older adults are not well understood currently.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to systematically review what is the association between social media use and cognitive function among older adults.

METHODS

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, CNKI, Wang Fang, and CBM were searched systematically from inception until October 31, 2023. The inclusion criteria were that the study had to be published in peer-reviewed journals and were written in English and Chinese, had full-text availability, target general older adults aged 55 years or older, and assessed any kinds of social media exposure and cognitive function. In total, two researchers independently and collaboratively assessed the eligibility of the retrieved articles and elicited the relevant data and findings using tables and charts.

RESULTS

A total of 7 studies were included: 3 experimental studies and 4 cross-sectional studies (6 English papers and 1 Chinese paper). The SQAC checklist ranged from 0.45 to 0.71. Of the 7 included studies, five were of medium quality, and two were of low quality. Among three experimental studies, one study showed that there was no significant cognitive improvement for treatment groups (social media intervention) versus the control groups; another two studies found the beneficial effects of the social media intervention on aspects of cognitive function, although the effect disappeared at follow-up in one study. For four cross-sectional studies, all studies reported that compared to social media non-users, social media users had higher cognitive performance.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the evidence on the association between social media use and cognitive function is limited (e.g., very small number of studies), most of studies reported that social media use is positive associated with cognitive function among older adults. We recommended more researchers to perform more high-quality longitudinal or experimental studies with a large sample size to investigate the association between social media use and cognitive function among older adults.

CLINICALTRIAL

This review was registered at PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023431985).
Joint Interpretation Results of Gravitational and Thermal Fields for the Ural Region
Authors: Martyshko Pyotr , Ladovskii Igor , Byzov Denis
Published: December 2023

A method for solving conjugation problems for the Poisson equation is implemented, which makes it possible to interpret potential fields (gravitational and stationary thermal fields) based on unified grid algorithms. A numerical algorithm has been developed for recalculating the mantle component of the heat flow from the level of the earth’s surface to the “crust–mantle” boundary through a layered medium inhomogeneous in thermal conductivity. Paleoclimate corrections were introduced into the measured values of the temperature gradient and heat flux for the northern territories. In the axial part of the Ural geosyncline, it was possible to exclude the negative depression of the mantle component of the heat flow, obtained from the results of geothermal modeling; taking into account the Pleistocene-Holocene warming of the preceding interglacial paleoclimate cycle leads to positive values of the heat flow recalculated to the “crust–mantle” boundary. It is shown that the use of heat flow data can significantly increase the geological information content of gravity modeling.
Evaluation of the Geomechanical Properties of Bashkirian Carbonate Rocks at the Tatarstan Republic for Optimization of Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Ziganshin Eduard , Kolchugin Anton , Dautov Ayrat , Nurieva E.
Published: December 2023

Every year, the percentage of development of complex and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs is increasing, which is associated with the depletion of traditional oil and gas reserves. Carbonate reservoirs are hard-to-recover reservoir rocks due to the high degree of heterogeneity. A more detailed study of the lithological features and physical properties of carbonate rocks is an important and integral part of the complex reservoirs development. In the present work has done a comprehensive analysis of the lithological and geomechanical properties of the Middle Carboniferous strata deposits of the Dachnoye oil field, located in the southeast of the Republic of Tatarstan. The main attention in the research was focused on the estimation of the britleness of rocks. Britleness index is necessary for correct prediction of hydraulic fracturing. The result of the research is the identification of carbonate facies and their geomechanical characteristics, as well as the estimation of the britleness of rocks by various methods.
УЛУЧШЕННЫЕ СЕТИ ФИКСИРОВАННОЙ СВЯЗИ ПЯТОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ F5G ADVANCED
Authors: Росляков А.В.
Published: December 2023

По аналогии с сетями мобильной связи исследовательская группа ETSI ISG F5G, в состав которой входили от нашей страны специалисты "Ростелекома", предложила деление эволюции сетей фиксированной связи также на пять поколений FIG–F5G в зависимости от предоставляемых услуг и используемых сетевых технологий. Для перспективного пятого поколения F5G в 2020–2022 годах. группой были разработаны технические спецификации, в которых представлены базовые принципы построения будущих сетей: архитектура, услуги, сценарии практической реализации и др. В последнее время был предложен ряд дополнений и расширений концепции сетей F5G, которые получили собирательное название F5G Advanced. В статье представлен краткий обзор движущих сил дальнейшей эволюции сетей F5G, проведен анализ базовых направлений развития сетей F5G Advanced и новых сетевых технологий в перспективе к 2030 году.
ФАЛЬСИФИЦИРОВАННАЯ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ. ОКОНЧАНИЕ
Authors: Голышко А.В.
Published: December 2023

В наши дни благодаря ИТ информационное воздействие на граждан стало повсеместным. Появились как восторги по поводу информационной свободы, так и сомнительные концепции вроде "цифрового концлагеря".
ЖИТЕЛЯМ ХЕРСОНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ДОСТУПНЫ ВСЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ УСЛУГИ СВЯЗИ
Authors: Бородин Н.А.
Published: December 2023

30 сентября 2022 года в состав РФ была принята Херсонская
область − часть Новороссии, вошедшая в историю как колыбель и первая база Черноморского флота России. О ситуации с услугами телекоммуникаций в новом южном регионе страны мы попросили рассказать министра цифрового развития и массовых коммуникаций этого субъекта Российской Федерации Н.А.Бородина.
The current state of laser technologies in the field of functional coatings
Authors: Palabugin M.V. , Kalyuzhny D.G.
Published: December 2023

Two main directions in the field of laser radiation application for functional coatings are considered - the application of coatings using purely laser study and the combination of laser and other technologies. The most popular technological lasers used in both directions are identified: gas molecular lasers, diode, fiber, and solid-state lasers. Methods of hardening heat treatment of parts using a laser beam both with and without melting of the material are considered. A method of introducing alloying components of metallic and non-metallic nature into the substrate material using laser technologies is presented. The methods of laser surfacing are given, where the surfacing material is fed into the zone of exposure to laser radiation both in the form of a powder mixture and in the form of a filler wire. Powder mixture is most commonly used as surfacing material, wire is less often used. Technologies of laser-assisted evaporation used in the creation of three-dimensional objects are considered. Hybrid technologies of coating deposition are presented - laser surfacing using a plasma arc and high-frequency heating. It was found out that two types of plasmatrons are used in laser-plasma surfacing - direct and indirect types of action. In addition to hybrid laser surfacing, the method of hybrid laser-assisted evaporation is considered - plasma sputtering, or LAAPS, accompanied by laser heating and allowing to obtain coatings with increased adhesion strength to the substrate surface. The main advantages (the ability to adjust the thickness of the deposited coating layers, reduction of the thermal impact zone) and disadvantages (occurrence of cold microcracks on the surface, formation of pores in the coating) in the application of coatings using laser radiation are considered. The prospects for the development of laser and laser-plasma technologies in the field of functional coatings are analyzed on the example of practical application. The development of these technologies in future is largely due to the elimination of their shortcomings, increasing the efficiency of interaction between laser and plasma technologies.
Increasing the Efficiency of the Solar Cell by Using a Heat Exchanger Technique
Authors: Al-Maliki M.N. , Abdali L.M. , Issa H.A. , Yakimovich B.A. , Vologdin S.V. , Kuvshinov V.V. , Solomennikova S.I.
Published: December 2023

One of the problems that arise when generating renewable energy (using solar cells) in the world and in Iraq especially is high outside temperatures. Because of the properties of crystalline silicon used in the manufacture of solar cells, the electrical performance of solar panels is greatly affected by the operating temperature of silicon solar cells, which leads to a decrease in the energy generated by these cells increasing their temperature. In addition, to control this decrease in energy, the solar panels were cooled using a heat exchanger that uses water as a coolant. The heat exchanger technique can potentially increase the efficiency of a solar cell by using the waste heat generated during the photovoltaic process. This heat can be captured and used for pre-heating a water that is then passed through a heat exchanger, which transfers the heat to the outside. This can improve the overall efficiency of the solar cell. In this research, a copper heat exchanger has been used for cooling a solar cell and studying the effect of this cooling method on the temperature and efficiency of the PV. We used a source of light and warmth. With a halogen lamp, the results showed an accelerating manner, as the temperature of the solar cell increased, the open-circuit voltage decreased, but when using the heat exchanger, the temperature of the cell rose slowly, so the open-circuit voltage decreased slower compared to the first case during the same period, and this leads to the PV working with a higher efficiency under the same conditions.
Basic principles of piezo transducer efficiency evaluation method
Authors: Al-Rufaee F.M. , Yakimovich B.A. , Kuvshinov V.V.
Published: December 2023

Piezoelectric elements are one of the sources of alternative energy, the production of which does not require the use of fossil fuels harmful to the environment and the planet's climate. In this regard, the expansion of the scope of piezoelectric elements happens more and more intensively every year. The designs of piezoelectric elements that are capable of generating electricity as a result of external mechanical influences are in high demand. This demand is due to the ability to operate the most important navigation devices, smartphones, and low-voltage chargers from the received electricity in the absence of external sources of the latter or its high cost when generated by other methods. Due to the fact that piezoelectric elements have a number of specific properties due to their crystal structure, shape, size, and electrical characteristics, it is necessary to develop the selection criteria of these devices, guided by the most rational approach based on economic feasibility, market availability, and optimal manufacturability. Currently, a wide range of models of piezoelectric elements is presented that can meet the need of any customer on the Russian market despite numerous economic sanctions. Selection of the most efficient model is a major challenge for companies that use piezoelectric elements as separate components in the composition of series-produced electronic devices. There is no methodology for selecting such products; however, they can be in great demand due to multifold offers from suppliers. The method that is suggested allows the simulation of a piezoelectric element under settings that are similar to actual operating conditions, the analysis of their impact on the displacement of the piezoelectric element’s end, which is its primary characteristic under the conditions of the considered scheme, as well as the evaluation of properties and the development of recommendations for use based on the variation of its main dimensions (length, thickness), as well as the applied voltage included in the developed model, and analysis of their influence to the displacement of the end of the piezoelectric element, which is the main characteristic of the piezoelectric element under the conditions of the considered scheme. Based on the results of modeling the piezoelectric element, the most acceptable models are selected.
Design model of radial bearing with bearing sleeve elastic bearing profile and metal coated shaft surface
Authors: Akhverdiev K.S. , Kumanin S.V. , Badakhov G.A.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the development and analysis of a design model of lubricant movement in the working gap of a radial journal bearing with an elastic bearing profile of the bearing sleeve surface and a metal coating of the shaft surface with truly viscous properties. New mathematical models have been developed based on basic equations that take into account the flow of a truly viscous liquid for a “thin layer”, the malleability of the bearing sleeve support surface - the Lame equation, compressibility - the equation of state, the Weisbach - Darcy formula, the profile of the molten contour of the metal coating of the shaft surface - the rate of dissipation of mechanical energy. The results of the numerical analysis of the refined models obtained by changing the design of the radial bearing, as well as taking into account the compressibility of the lubricant and the coating melt, allowed us to obtain an effectiveness qualitative assessment of the malleable bearing profile of the bearing sleeve and the shaft with a metal coating. A comparative analysis of the obtained results of theoretical and experimental studies of radial bearing structures: with and without metal coating; elastic support profile; without taking into account the elasticity of the support profile; taking into account compressibility; without taking into account the compressibility of the lubricant. At the end of the research complex, experimental tests were carried out that confirmed the correctness of the results of theoretical studies. The ingenuity of the developed design models, taking into account the use of additional lubrication with a metal coating on the shaft surface to compensate for an emergency shortage of lubricant, the compressibility of the lubricant, as well as the malleability of the bearing surface, consists in the application of a technique for obtaining their exact self-similar solutions. As a result of theoretical, experimental research and comparative analysis of the available scientific results with the obtained ones, it was found that the use of the studied radial journal bearings, taking into account the above factors, significantly increases the bearing capacity (8-9 %), and the coefficient of friction decreases by 7…8 %.