bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The experience of black parents/caretakers with the births and care of a child with profound congenital defects
Authors: Mabaso M.S. , Uys L.R.
Published: June 2017

The reaction of Black families to the birth and care of a baby with profound congenital defects was researched using twenty case studies. It was found that the families went through stages of the grieving process, that they shifted from the Western/Christian viewpoint to the traditional viewpoint in their struggle to cope and that they find the existing services grossly inadequate.
Die gebruik van die Godsaanduidinge ’él en ’ělōhim in die geskrifte van die Profete
Authors: Labuschagne C. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die vestigingsgeskiedenis van die stamme buite die beloofde land
Authors: Van Zyl A. H.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die Aanvang van die protestantse filosofie in Duitsland in die XVIde Eeu
Authors: De Vleeschauwer H. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Open brief aan Ds. D. van der Hoff
Authors: Jooste J. P.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Enkele Dogmatiese Opmerkings oor die Kerklike leer angaande die Triniteit, met besondere verwysing na die Status van die Pre- en die Postesistente Christus t.o.v. die Vader
Authors: Engelbrecht B. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
The importance of wilderness landscape Analysis in development planning schemes for national parks, with special reference to the Mountain Zebra National Park
Authors: Van Riet W.
Published: June 2017

Definition of the Concept "Wilderness"The Wilderness Act of September 1964, of the United States of America, states that "... wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognised as an area where the earth and its community of life are not influenced by man and where man himself is a visitor who does not remain55 (Nash 1967). The Act also states that a wilderness "... must retain its primeval character and influence and that it must be protected and managed in such a way that it appears to have been effected primarily by the forces of nature.”
Die erkenning van die noodsaaklikheid van natuurbewaring ten opsigte van basiese grondgebruiksbeplanning in dierepubliek van Suid-Afrika
Authors: La Grange J.J. la Grange
Published: June 2017

The concept of a natural resource is explained and nature conservation as a form of land use is discussed in some detail. Special reference is made to the National Physical Development of Planning and the Environment on the role played by nature conservation in basic usage of the soil as planned by the state in the Republic of South Africa.
The conservation role of forestry in South Africa
Authors: Ackerman D.P.
Published: June 2017

In September 1965, at the signing ceremony of a National Park Bill, United States President Johnson remarked: "We are living in the Century of Change. But if future generations are to remember us more with gratitude than with sorrow, we must achieve more than just the miracles of technology. We must also leave them a glimpse of the world as God really made it, not just as it looked when we got through with it." In the same spirit, forestry in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) shares the responsibility of conserving and restoring as far as possible the environment in which we and succeeding generations must live.
Erkenning aan keurders
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

None.
'Scaling up for success': The 4th Southern African AIDS Conference: 31 March - 3rd April 2009, Durban
Authors: Scientific Committee Track rapporteurs and Members of the
Published: June 2017

N/A
The Virus, Vitamins & Vegetables: The South African HIV/AIDS Mystery
Authors: Clayden Polly
Published: June 2017

N/A
Innovative responses for preventing HIV transmission: The protective value of population-wide interruptions of risk activity.
Authors: Parkhurst Justin O , Whiteside Alan
Published: June 2017

Concurrent partnering contributes to high HIV prevalence. This is in part due to the natural history of the virus. After transmission, an individual’s viral load spikes in a period of ‘acute infection’ during which they are highly infectious. Models estimate that around 10 - 45% of HIV acquisition arises from sex with an individual in the acute infection period.

If everyone in a population abstained from high-risk sex for a given period of time, in theory the viral loads of all recent seroconverters should pass through the acute infection period. When risk behaviour resumed there would be almost no individuals in the high-viraemic phase, thereby reducing infectivity, and HIV incidence would fall.

Recurring population-wide shifts in risk behaviour are not unheard of. Many, in fact, occur as part of existing religious observances. The month of Ramadan in Muslim communities is perhaps one of the most obvious cases. Ramadan sees significant behaviour changes. In addition to fasting from sunrise to sunset, observant individuals abstain from coitus during daylight hours. There is anecdotal evidence that risky sexual behaviours are also significantly reduced over this period. In Indonesia, for instance, it was reported that research with sex workers was not possible during Ramadan because people ‘abstained from sex from one end of the month to the other … Many sex workers returned to home villages during this time.’

This article argues that a population-wide interruption of risk behaviour for a set period of time could reduce HIV incidence and make a significant contribution to prevention efforts. It calls for mathematical modelling of periodic risk behaviour interruptions, as well as encouragement of policy interventions to develop campaigns of this nature. A policy response, such as a ‘safe sex/no sex’ campaign in a cohesive population, deserves serious consideration as an HIV prevention intervention. In some contexts, periods of abstinence from risk behaviour could also be linked to existing religious practices to provide policy options.
Is pregnancy associated with biochemical and haematological changes in HIV-infected Nigerian women?
Authors: Omo-Aghoja L O , Abe E , Omo-Aghoja V W , Onowhakpor A , Feyi-Waboso P
Published: June 2017

Background. While there is evidence that HIV affects the course and outcome of pregnancy, reports on the effects of pregnancy on HIV infection remain conflicting, especially in low-resource settings.

Methodology. A prospective study of two demographically similar cohorts of HIV-seropositive women, 154 pregnant and 151 non-pregnant, was conducted in a hospital setting in Nigeria.

Results. Cases and controls were matched for age, but parity in controls was significantly higher than in cases (p
SANBS's policy on blood donations from men who have sex with men
Authors: Van den Berg Karin
Published: June 2017

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Gastro-intestinal Mycobacterium avium complex as a cause of anaemia
Authors: Van de Vyver Annemarie , Visser Adele
Published: June 2017

Anaemia is a relatively common finding in HIV-positive patients, with rates (among females) as high as 37%, compared with their HIV negative counterparts (17%). Anaemia of chronic disease plays a very important role in this population group, and is estimated to occur in 18 - 95% of cases. For this reason, it is imperative to distinguish this condition from other underlying or concurrent causes of anaemia that may warrant treatment. This clinical case illustrates the value of critically evaluating the parameters of a full blood count and haematinic screen, to so determine which patients warrant further workup.
A case of palatal perforation caused by toxoplasmosis
Authors: Katusiime Christine , Ocama Ponsiano , Kambugu Andrew
Published: June 2017

We describe the case of a 35-year-old HIV-positive man seen at the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda, with a 2-week history of palatal perforation.
CPD questionaire
Authors: Fani Gertrude
Published: June 2017

CPD questionaire
Why should we still care about the stavudine dose?
Authors: Innes Steve , Cotton Mark , Venter Francois
Published: June 2017

Current recommendations advise that stavudine be phased out of use. The logistics and cost of switching are significant, and the World Health Organization has forecast that 1.55 million people will still be on stavudine-based antiretroviral therapy by the end of 2012. Stavudine is co-formulated in many countries, is very cheap and effective, and is well tolerated in initial therapy. However, the 40 mg BD dose was associated with considerable long-term toxicity. Several studies suggest that half the original recommended dose has excellent antiviral efficacy with significantly reduced metabolic side-effects. Despite generic tenofovir now being cheaper than zidovudine, tenofovir consumes the majority of adult antiretroviral programme medication budgets in programmes in Africa, where it is used in first-line therapy. Abacavir is far more expensive than zidovudine or tenofovir, and is a major cost driver in paediatric programmes with access to abacavir-based first-line treatment. Low-dose stavudine may offer the only cheaper (and possibly as effective and safe) alternative to programmes grappling with limited financial resources.
Why it’s time to say goodbye to stavudine ... everywhere
Authors: Andrieux-Meyer Isabelle , Clayden Polly , Collins Simon , Geffen Nathan , Goemaere Eric , Harrington Mark , Lynch Sharonann , Von Schoen-Angerer Tido , Swan Tracy
Published: June 2017

The previous issue of the SAJHIV (December 2011) carried an Opinion piece by Innes, Cotton and Venter regarding the potential value of low-dose of stavudine (20 mg twice a day). They suggested that reduced dosing of stavudine may lead to levels of viral suppression comparable with those achieved with stavudine 30 mg bd but with a lower risk of toxicity and side-effects, and at a fraction of the cost of tenofovir. The Opinion was related to a larger proposal, led by Venter, to conduct a head-to-head trial comparing low-dose stavudine with tenofovir (both in a regimen including lamivudine and efavirenz) on viral suppression and other treatment outcomes over 24 months. There has been considerable debate regarding the advantages and disadvantages of low-dose stavudine, and in turn the value of any such trial. Here the debate continues with a commentary by Isabelle Andrieux-Meyer et al. and a rebuttal by Venter and colleagues.
Safety, strength and simplicity of efavirenz in pregnancy
Authors: Pillay Prinitha , Black Vivian
Published: June 2017

The WHO recommends starting lifelong ART for all pregnant women with a CD4 count at or below 350 cells/mm³, which recognises the important component of ‘when to start’ and the role that timing of initiation plays in reducing mortality and disease progression. The data on ‘what to start’ are conflicting, and options for resource-limited settings are limited. The choice of an ART regimen for pregnant women is complicated by the need to take into account the health and safety of both the mother and baby. Particularly contentious is whether to use a nevirapine- (NVP) or efavirenz- (EFV) based regimen. This review presents the latest evidence on the safety and efficacy of EFV and NVP in pregnancy and offers recommendations for improving maternal and child health outcomes and avoid mother-to-child transmission as South Africa moves toward turning back the tide on its HIV epidemic.
Chronic genital ulcer disease with subsequent development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) urethritis and bacteraemia in an HIV-seropositive person – a case observation
Authors: Katusiime Christine , Kambugu Andrew
Published: June 2017

HIV-seropositive persons are at increased risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Genital ulcerative disease and sexually transmitted infection with subsequent MRSA infection in HIV-seropositive persons have been documented only once. We report a case of a 44-year-old man who presented to the Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda, with chronic genital ulcer disease and who subsequently developed MRSA urethritis and bacteraemia. This case also demonstrates that persistent genital ulcer disease in HIV-seropositive persons may be as a result of concurrent MRSA infection.
Approaches to tenofovir and abacavir drug shortages in South Africa: A guide for clinicians
Authors: Schowalter Laurie , Conradie Francesca
Published: June 2017

Shortages of the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) abacavir and tenofovir have been reported recently at health facilities across South Africa. The Society issued the following clinical advice to healthcare providers experiencing shortages on 29 March 2012. These recommendations are intended only as a guide to clinical therapy, based on expert consensus and best available evidence. Treatment decisions for patients should be made by their responsible clinicians, with due consideration for individual circumstances.

S Afr J HIV Med 2012;13(2):56-57.
Starting ART following cryptococcal meningitis:The optimal time has yet to be defined
Authors: Bicanic T A , Jarvis J N , Loyse A , Harrison T S
Published: June 2017

Ever since the public sector rollout of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2004, the question of the optimal time to start ART following diagnosis of an opportunistic infection has aroused controversy among South African HIV clinicians and researchers.
MRSA bacteraemia complicating amphotericin B treatment of cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Scriven J , Cirota J , Viljoen C , Black M , Meintjes G
Published: June 2017

Intravenous amphotericin B is a key component of the antifungal therapy for cryptococcal meningitis recommended in South African and international guidelines. Unfortunately, its use is associated with significant toxicity including deterioration in renal function, electrolyte disturbance, anaemia and infusion reactions. Chemical phlebitis is common following administration via peripheral cannulae. This can be complicated by bacterial infection, resulting in localised cellulitis or bacterial sepsis. Here we describe two patients with cryptococcal meningitis who developed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia during, or shortly after treatment with amphotericin B. These cases illustrate the dangers of line-related sepsis in hospitalised individuals and some of the difficulties encountered during treatment of this condition.
Message from the Editor
Authors: Myer Landon
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Human papillomavirus infection and disease in men: Impact of HIV
Authors: Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Chikandiwa A , Gibbs J
Published: June 2017

There is growing evidence of a significant burden of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and associated disease in men. High rates of HPV infection have been observed in men from sub-Saharan Africa where HIV prevalence is high. HIV infection increases HPV prevalence, incidence and persistence and is strongly associated with the development of anogenital warts and anal, penile and head and neck cancers in men. Despite increasing access to antiretroviral therapy, there appears to be little benefit in preventing the development of these cancers in HIV-positive men, making prevention of infection a priority. New prevention options that are being introduced in many African countries include male circumcision and HPV vaccination. However, more data are needed on the burden of HPV disease in men before boys are included in HPV vaccination programmes.
Expression of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNRs in placentas of HIV-positive patients
Authors: Pillay Komala , Cloete M , McLeod H
Published: June 2017

Background. Human dendritic cell-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM3)-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) is a mannose-binding lectin that initiates interaction between dendritic cells and resting T-lymphocytes. DC-SIGN is highly expressed in placental tissue on dendritic cells and Hofbauer cells, and it is suggested that HIV may become adsorbed to DC-SIGN on Hofbauer cells as part of the mechanism of mother-to-child HIV transmission. A possible mechanism of transfer of the virus from the Hofbauer cells to the fetus is the subsequent adsorption to DC-SIGN-related molecules (DC-SIGNRs), present on immediately adjacent capillary vascular endothelium. However, data on DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR expression in the placenta are few.Methods. Forty term placentas from HIV-positive mothers and 21 term placentas from HIV-negative mothers underwent immunohistochemistry staining for DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR expression. Five random sets of 10 villi were assessed, and the average number of positive cells were counted in each case. In addition, where possible, maternal and cord blood viral loads and maternal CD4+ counts were performed in the HIV-positive group only.Results. The median maternal CD4+ count was 377 cells/µl and 27% of participants had undetectable viral loads; the median detectable viral load was 3.72 log. Most (97%) of the cord bloods tested in infants from HIV-positive mothers had lower than detectable viral loads. HIV-positive cases had significantly greater expression of both DC-SIGNRs (median values in HIV-positive cases, 14.5 positive cells/10 villi (pc/10villi), compared with 11 pc/10villi in HIV-negative cases, p=0.020) and DC-SIGN (median value in HIV-positive cases, 26.5 pc/10villi, compared with 23 pc/10villi in HIV-negative cases, p=0.037). DC-SIGNR expression was also noted in Hofbauer cells and decidual macrophages in addition to endothelium (reported currently). There was no difference in expression of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNRs in patients with or without chorioamnionitis, but there was an inverse relationship between DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR expression and maternal CD4+ counts in HIV-positive cases. Conclusion. Both DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR expression were higher in placentas from HIV-positive mothers compared with HIV-negative cases. These lectins may be potential new therapeutic targets for preventing vertical transmission of HIV.
From the Executive
Authors: Conradie Francesca
Published: June 2017

No Abstract Available
New law on HIV testing in Botswana: The implications for healthcare professionals
Authors: Sarumi Rofiah O. , Strode Ann E.
Published: June 2017

Background: Botswana is one of the countries with the highest HIV prevalence rates in the world. Innovative HIV testing strategies are required to ensure that those infected or at risk of infection become aware of their HIV status and are able to access treatment, care and support. Despite this public health imperative, HIV testing strategies in Botswana will in future be based around the principles in the new Public Health Act (2013). The present article describes the HIV testing norms in the Act, and sets out the strengths and weaknesses of this approach and its implications for healthcare professionals in Botswana.Objectives: To compare international norms on HIV testing with the provisions governing such testing in the new Botswana Public Health Act and to assess the extent to which the new Act meets international human rights norms on HIV testing.Method: A ‘desktop’ review of international human rights norms and those in the Botswana Public Health Act.Conclusion: HIV testing norms in the new Public Health Act in Botswana violate individual rights and will place healthcare workers in a position where they will have to elect between acting lawfully or ethically. Law reform is required in order to ensure that HIV testing achieves the joint goals of public health and human rights.
A prospective study of demographic features and quality of life in HIV-positive women with cervical cancer treated at Tygerberg Hospital
Authors: Du Toit George , Kidd Martin
Published: June 2017

Background: Cervical cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) both have a high incidence in South Africa. Cervical cancer treatment of HIV-positive women poses challenges. Treatment-related changes in quality of life (QOL) of such women are important to future treatment protocols.Aim: To examine demographic data of HIV-negative and HIV-positive women at diagnosis of cervical cancer and describe their changes in QOL as a result of treatment.Methods and materials: All newly diagnosed patients with cervical cancer at Tygerberg Hospital were approached to participate in the study. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Cervix Cancer Module (QLQ-CX24) were used. General QOL was measured with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and cervical-specific QOL with the QLQ-CX24 questionnaire. The patients completed the questionnaire at diagnosis, on completion of treatment and at 3 months’ follow-up.Results: The study included a total of 221 women of whom 22% were HIV-positive; the latter were younger and of higher educational level than the rest. Mean monthly income and stage distribution was similar between the two groups. HIV-positive patients underwent radiation therapy more commonly than chemoradiation. HIV-positive women showed statistically significantly higher loss to follow-up during the study. HIV-positive women experienced no improvement in insomnia, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, social role or any of the sexual domains. In contrast, HIV-negative women experienced statistically significant improvement in all sexual domains other than sexual/vaginal functioning. The QOL improvement of HIV-negative women was statistically significantly greater than their HIV-positive counterparts in the majority of QOL domains. Global health improved in both groups, with HIV-negative women experiencing greater improvement. HIV-positive women experienced an initial decline of peripheral neuropathy (PN) symptoms post treatment with a return to pretreatment values at 3 months’ follow-up. The change in PN was statistically significant between the HIV-negative and HIV-positive women.Conclusion: Demographic differences exist between the HIV-negative and HIV-positive groups. The differential outcome in the QOL of HIV-positive and HIV-negative women treated for cervical cancer might be related to persistence of AIDS-related symptoms on completion of cervical cancer treatment.
Tuberculosis preventive therapy in HIV infection
Authors: Maartens G.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Tax implications of HIV-Care costs
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Rural realities
Authors: Nyathi Bonaventure
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Learing from mistakes - and triumphs
Authors: Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
HIV/AIDS, human rights and insurance - some indicators
Authors: Klinck Elsabe
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Editorial
Authors: Martin Des
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Editorial
Authors: Cotton Mark
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
When to start antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children
Authors: Meyers Tammy
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Revised guidelines for diagnosis of perinatal HIV-1 infection in South Africa
Authors: Stevens W. , Sherman G. , Cotton M. , Gerntholtz L. , Webber L.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
From the editor
Authors: Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Physiotherapy students’ perceptions of an innovative approach to clinical practice orientation
Authors: Faure M. , Unger M. , Burger M.
Published: June 2017

The transition from the classroom to clinical practice is stressful for many students. In the current situation in South Africawith the shortages of clinicians’ posts in hospitals, this transition is evenmore difficult given the reduced time that clinicians have for supervisingundergraduate students. The University of Stellenbosch initiated structured peer-led introduction to clinical education (SPLICE), duringwhich senior physiotherapy students orientate second year students toclinical practice.The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of all of thesecond, third and fourth year students who took part in these SPLICEsessions. This information was captured using a questionnaire with open and closed questions. The response of all of the students was extremely positive. Common to all cohorts of students was the opinion of themotivational benefits of the sessions as well as the opinion that their confidence increased. Students in the variousyears of study differed in the ways in which they felt more confident. Closely linked were those comments referring to a sense of increased preparedness for clinical practice and a positive learning environment. A positive change inattitude towards clinical practice was also noted in many second year students.Further research is needed into the effect that SPLICE might have had on the second year students when they enterclinical practice as third year students. The role and opinions of patients during these sessions, and indeed during anyclinical education sessions, including clinical examinations, needs further investigation.
The assumption of self_ responsibility for health behaviour change in patients with hypertension from poor socio-economic areas
Authors: Stewart A. V. , Eales C. J. , Davies K. A.
Published: June 2017

Patients with hypertension need to convert their knowledgeabout the disease and its management into meaningful action to be able to change their health behaviour. By doing this they are able to reduce the risk of the cardiovascular complications that are associated with hypertension If they can change their health behaviour it can be said that they have taken responsibility for their health. In this study a group of patients with hypertension who assumed responsibility for health behaviour change during a health behaviour modification programme was identified and compared to a group who did not. There were significant differences between the group that assumed responsibility for health behaviour change and the group that did not. The group that assumed responsibility:• had the support of a health care practitioner and a family member (p<0,000); • were employed (p=0.03); • were not anxious or depressed (p=0.07); • experienced their usual sex-lives (p=0.03); • did not have symptoms of heart pounding present (p=0.03). The adjusted odds ratio obtained from a logistic regression analysis showed a seven- times more likelihood ofpatients becoming responsible for their health if they were supported by their families and a health-care practitioner
The Cardiopulmonary effect of passive movement
Authors: Loram L. , De Charmoy S.
Published: June 2017

Eleven articles were reviewed on the cardiopulmonary effects of passive movements. These included two articles on theneurological effects of passive movements. Of the eleven articles, four were considered to have level II evidence in accordance with Sackett’s rules of evidence. There was little consensus regarding the rate or duration of passive movements. There were some suggestions that upper limb movement produces a greater ventilatory response than lower limb movement. There was a statistically significant increase (p< 0.05) in minute ventilation when the movement was done at a rate of 40 repetitions per minute or more, but this change may not be clinically significant. Passive movements were not detrimental to neurosurgical patients with a normal or slightly elevated intracranial pressure, although the values of the intracranial pressure were not stated.  The studies were limited in that eight of the eleven had small sample sizes and most studies were conducted using normal subjects. Further studies with higher levels of evidence need to be  conducted to verify any results reported to date in the literature. Studies that are relevant to clinical practice also need to be conducted in populations such as sedated intensive care patients.
Making the most of CPD
Authors: Eales C. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available
The South African journal of physiotherapy - 80 years on
Authors: Eales C. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available
Electrical stimulation for upper motor function recovery in stroke patients a review
Authors: Sorinola I. O.
Published: June 2017

The use of electrical stimulation to promote recovery follow-ing pathological disorders dates back to the first discovery of electricalcurrent. However, the evidence for its use for promoting recovery following stroke is not well understood. Different types of research have been undertaken to investigate its effect on stroke recovery with different outcomes. This review is an attempt to highlight what is currently known about the effect of electrical stimulation on motor function recovery after stroke and to point out the areas needing research clarification.
Effects if co2-baths in the combined concept of the early functional therapy in the cases of reflex sympathetic dystrophy
Authors: Mucha C.
Published: June 2017

Objective: The effects of the application of CO2-baths for the purposes of the specific early functional combined therapy in cases of reflexsympathetic dystrophy should be differentiated.Subjects: Forty patients suffering from acute post-traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy in the hand.Design: A four weeks’ omission test was carried out in group B.  The resultswere contrasted to group A. The relevant parameters in the process of regeneration were statistically calculated as a chronological serial analysis.Results: In regard of the multi-variable design the results demonstrated highly significant group differences in the case of the progression of regeneration, at which group A was definitely superior to group B.  Group B displayed an additional effect of delay. Conclusion: The potential influences with regard to the effects of the CO2-bath are: better organisation of the exercises and superior progression of regeneration. Obviously there are beneficial effects of the combination therapy.
A comparative sudy of two pressure relieving techniques on three different wheelchair cushions
Authors: Eksteen C. , Cilliers P. , Swanepoel A. , Vermaak E. , Trollip Q , Wilford T. , Van Dyk P. M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Pressure relief done by a spinal cordinjured patient is of utmost importance in order to prevent pressuresore formation. Some pressure-relieving techniques are describedin previous literature, but their effectivity has not yet been deter-mined on different wheelchair cushions.Null Hypothesis (H0): The null hypothesis (H0) stated for thistudy is that there is no difference in the effectivity of forwardleaning and forward leaning towards the left as pressure relievingtechniques for quadriplegic wheelchair users over the differenwheelchair cushions.Design: An analytical experimental study design using a convenient sample group of ten complete lesion quadriplegics (C6 to T1) was performed at the Physiotherapy Department,University of Pretoria.Method: Interface pressure (in mmHg) over the ischial tuberosities and upper thigh areas was measured using theTalley Oxford Pressure Monitor MKII with a 12-way matrix cell system.Results and Conclusion: The Friedman test for associated observations indicated statistically that the leaning  diagonally forward pressure relieving technique is more effective for all three wheelchair cushions used in this study.
Reliability of diagnostic tests in rotator cuff muscle pathology
Authors: Sadenbergh R. , Marais A.
Published: June 2017

Background: Several tests to assist it in the diagnoses of rota-tor cuff impairment have been described in the literature but controversystill exists as to the accuracy of these tests. A study was therefore conducted to determine the reliability of the rotator cuff muscle tests (empty can, full can, lift off and external rotation) as a diagnostic tool.Methodology: Fifty three patients experiencing shoulder pain were assessedusing manual muscle tests (empty can; full can; lift off and external rotationtests). Both pain and weakness were recorded using numerical scales adapted from tests performed by Itoi et al, (1999). These results were compared to ultrasonic diagnoses made by a surgeon. Informed consent was obtained and anonymity was ensured for all participants.Results: A test was false positive when ultrasonic diagnosis indicated no tear in the muscle (although oedema or calcification may have been present), but the manual muscle test was positive regarding pain and weakness. A test on the other hand was false negative when the ultrasonic diagnosis indicated a muscle tear but the manual muscle tests indicated no pain or muscle weakness. Reliability was tested using sensitivity and specificity tests. The sensitivity of all four tests was high (80%), but the specificity was low (20% to 40%), implying that a large number of false positive diagnoses can be made. The major contributors to the false positive results were sub-acromial sub-deltoid bursitis and a decreased acromio-humeral space. When considering pain alone for a positive result the correlation increased a  little, however, taking both pain and muscle weakness into account, the correlation increased even more.Conclusion: The manual muscle tests were not as reliable as expected, but concurrent pathologies may be the main factor influencing the results of the tests. The combination of muscle strength and pain could be recommendedas criteria for a positive test. The empty can and full can tests could both be recommended in predicting a torn supraspinatus tendon, as they were equally sensitive
Global trends in incidence of lower limb amputation: a review of the literature
Authors: Godlwana L. , Nadasan T. , Puckree T.
Published: June 2017

The aim of this paper was to compile a literature report on the global epidemiology of lower limb amputations. Specifically it aimed at capturing information on the incidence of traumatic and non-traumatic lowerlimb amputations throughout the world, to identify the etiology including diseases and lifestyle habits associated with lower limb amputees (LLA) in boththe developed and the developing countries, to identify the demographiccharacteristics, age, sex, race, geographical location of the people undergoing LLA including the levels of amputation as pointed out by the literature. Aliterature search was conducted. Different keyword combinations were used togather as much literature on the subject as possible. The authors systemicallyreviewed literature from some parts of Europe, Asia, North and South America and South Africa. The data was analyzed and presented under various themes. The existing literature shows that diabetes is the leading cause of LLA and trauma accounts for the minority of these cases. The incidence of LLA can be predicted by gender, age, maritalstatus, level of education and socio-economic status. Information on LLA in South Africa is almost absent.
Research and Clinical Practice
Authors: Frantz J.M.
Published: June 2017

No Abstract Available
The effect of isokinetic and proprioception training on strength, movement and gait parameters after acute supination injury of the ankle ligaments
Authors: Mucha C.
Published: June 2017

The effects of a three-week isokinetic training compared to typical proprio -ceptive training on parameters of strength, movement and gait function after acute ankle ligament sprain were investigated. Thirty-nine patients were randomly allocated to two comparison groups. In group 1 (n=20)a proprioceptive training and in group 2 (n=19) an isokinetic strength training (Cybex 6000®) were administered. Thepatients of both groups underwent training five times a week for three weeks. Before and at the end of the treatmentcourse, in both groups isokinetic strength was tested, the range of motion in the ankle joint was recorded and gait wasanalyzed (multicomponent strength measurement platform, Henschel-System®). The maximum isokinetic torque(60°/s) [Nm] and the contact time (monopedal support time) of the injured leg during gait cycle were the basis for evaluation.The data obtained show that in group 2 a significantly greater increase of the maximum isokinetic torque wasattained in almost all range of motion of the ankle joint in the course of treatment. A t the same time, in group 2 theshortening of the contact time in the stance phase of the injured leg could be compensated. The active range of motionin the ankle joint was less at the end of treatment in group 2 than in group 1. The isokinetic training obviously did notonly lead to better strength regeneration, but also to a functionally more stable ankle joint with a rhythmically moreevenly balanced stance phase of the gait cycle.  These results suggest that the used isokinetic training had positive effects on functional stability after acute ankle sprain.
Comrades marathon for short-term experiential learning as perceived by physiotherapy students: A short report
Authors: Useh U. , Human A.
Published: June 2017

This  study  described  the  learning  experiences  of physiotherapy students during the 2009 comrades marathon. A quali-tative  approach  using  focus  group  discussions  was  employed  for  this study.The population for this study was all the 43 B.Sc. physiotherapy final year students of the university of limpopo, who provided physio-therapy services at the 2009 comrades Marathon. forty (93%) students participated in this study. All the participants were black with majo-rity 23 (58%) of them from the limpopo province. Twenty one (52%) of the participants were females with ages ranging between 21 and 30 years. The field trip provided both sport specific and general learning experiences. participants had the opportunity to handle sports injuries and athletes, work and learn as a team and were quite independent. This trip also provided participants the opportunity experiencing workplace communication and interaction, the reality of the real workplace experience of heavy workload, experience of prejudice, time management and an unsafe environment.Despite organizational challenges of the trip, the event provided an opportunity for the participants to practice sport physiotherapy. Participants appreciated the opportunity to experience the dynamics of team and collaborative learning. To ensure effective use of this event for experiential learning, it is recommended that proper guidance and support be provided by the faculty.
Using caregivers’ perceptions of rehabilitation services for children with Cerebral Palsy at public sector hospitals to identify the components of an appropriate service
Authors: Saloojee G.M. , Rosenbaum P.L. , Stewart A.V.
Published: June 2017

Despite  a  growing  body  of  evidence  favouring  a  family-centred approach to rehabilitation services for children with cerebral palsy (cp), the essential components for a quality service for children with disabilities and their families living in poorly-resourced South African (SA) settings  remains unknown.  The  study  aimed  to  identify  key  components of  an appropriate  rehabilitation  service  which  would  meet  the  needs of children  with  CP  and  their  caregivers  at  SA  public  sector  hospitals. This cross-sectional descriptive study used the modified Measure of processes of care (Mpoc-20) questionnaire together with two open-endedquestions with  a  convenience  sample  of  caregivers attending therapy  at  CP  Clinics in gauteng and limpopo hospitals. A total of 263 caregivers attending cerebral palsy clinics at 31 public sector hospitals in gauteng and limpopo were interviewed. Kind and caring attitudes, exercises or “training” for the child,  and  practical  assistance  (handling  ideas  and suggestions,  assistive devices, food supplements, nappies, advice) were components of care most valued. The most frustration was caused by long queues waiting for files or at the pharmacy and being treated disrespectfully whilst providing caregivers with information and explanations regarding treatment choice were services that could be improved.  Key components for  an  appropriate  therapy  service  include  caring  and respectful  attitudes,  hands-on  therapy,  handling  suggestions and practical assistance. Logistical and administrative procedures together with disrespectul and unhelpful attitudes negatively impact rehabilitation service delivery.
Burden of respiratory diseasw among paediatric patients infected with HIV
Authors: Da Cunha N. C.P. , Potterton J. L. , Humphries C. R.M.
Published: June 2017

The effects of paediatric HIV on the respiratory system are seen daily in paediatric wards. The nature of respiratory disease and the needs of HIV-positive patients have changed subsequent to the introduction of anti-retrovirals to South Africa in 2004. One hundred and twenty-five children admitted to the paediatric wards under the age of seven years were recruited for this study. The purpose of this study was to understand the disease profile of children with HIV/AIDS, their health status, presenting respiratory conditions, and need for chest physiotherapy. The most common respiratory conditions included bacterial pneumonia (66.4%), tuberculosis (48%) and pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (23.2%) (n=125). Two thirds of the children (68.8%) presented with a high burden of disease. Forty percent (40.8%) of the children were taking anti-retrovirals with an average length of use of 9.81 months (±SD=11.61). Analysis of immune status revealed a mean CD4 percentage of 17.33% (±SD=10.96), CD4 absolute 631.36 cell/mm3 (±SD=610.36) and viral load 2.6 million copies /ml (±SD=9.08 million copies/ml). This study highlights the characteristics and prevalence of respiratory disease burden among children with HIV in a South African setting in a post highly active antiretroviral era.
Rehabilitation of repaired Flexor Tendons of the Hand: Therapists' perspective
Authors: Mncube N.M. , Puckree T.
Published: June 2017

Successul outcomes following flexor tendon repairs in the hand are dependent on a team approach to management and rehabilitation.
The use of the South African Diatom Index as a concervation management tool for Hewitt’s Ghost frog
Authors: Botha V. , Weldon C. , Taylor J.C.
Published: June 2017

Distribution patterns of diatoms were investigated to determine the impact ofshading on the distribution of diatomes, which form the main diet of the endangered frogspecies, Heleophryne hewitti.
Banho de chuveiro como estratégia não farmacológica no alívio da dor de parturientes
Authors: Davim Rejane Marie Barbosa , Torres Gilson De Vasconcelos , Dantas Janmilli Da Costa , Melo Eva Saldanha de , Paiva Cecília Pessoa , Vieira Daniele , Costa Isabelle Katherinne Fernandes
Published: June 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a efetividade do banho de chuveiro para o alívio da dor de parturientes na fase ativa do trabalho de parto. Estudo delineado como ensaio clínico do tipo intervenção terapêutica “antes e após”, realizado na Unidade de Parto Humanizado da Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, em Natal/RN, com 100 parturientes na aplicação dessa estratégia no período de setembro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2006. Para avaliar a intensidade da dor das parturientes utilizou-se a escala analógica visual. A maioria das parturientes do estudo estava na faixa etária entre 20 a 30 anos (60%), ensino fundamental incompleto (85%), renda familiar até 2 salários mínimos (74%) e 78% tinham um acompanhante, e destes, 44% era o próprio companheiro. A ocitocina foi administrada em 81% dos casos e apenas 15% dessas mulheres não receberam qualquer medicação. Verificou-se alívio significativo da dor na aplicação do banho de chuveiro, sendo efetivo no alívio da dor das parturientes do estudo.
Unidade de Atenção ao Idoso: atividades, mudanças no cotidiano e sugestões
Authors: Caetano Ana Cláudia Moura , Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos
Published: June 2017

Com o aumento da expectativa de vida surgem novas demandas sociais e de saúde para o atendimento à população idosa. A enfermagem deve somar esforços com a equipe multiprofissional visando contribuir com a manutenção da independência e autonomia do idoso, nos espaços sociais de promoção da saúde. Neste estudo objetivou-se descrever as características sócio-demográficas dos idosos freqüentadores da Unidade de Atenção ao Idoso (UAI), localizada no município de Uberaba-MG, bem como as atividades realizadas pelos idosos no local, identificando as mudanças ocorridas em seu cotidiano após freqüentar a UAI e sugestões de atividades. Os dados foram coletados, no período de julho e agosto do ano de 2007, junto a 39 idosos e, após, submetidos à distribuição de freqüência e análise temática segundo Bardin. A maioria dos entrevistados era do sexo feminino (87,1%); com 4 a 8 anos de estudo (66,7%), aposentados (84,7%) e renda mensal individual de 1 salário mínimo (59%). As atividades realizadas são: hidroginástica (28%); dança (15,8%), ginástica (14%) e alongamento (13,1%). A análise temática evidenciou as categorias: Mudanças no posicionamento social (32,1%); Melhoria nas condições de saúde (27%) e Atividades na UAI (40,9%). A participação dos idosos nas atividades da UAI acarretou mudanças positivas na vida dos usuários, propiciando melhorias na sua qualidade de vida.
Perfil das intoxicações exógenas infantis atendidas em um hospital especializado da rede pública de Goiânia-GO
Authors: Siqueira Karina Machado , Brandão Janaína Ramalho , Lima Helena Fontenele , Garcia Ana Claudia De Andrade , Gratone Flávia Marques , Brasileiro Marislei De Sousa Espíndula
Published: June 2017

Este estudo objetivou descrever o perfil das intoxicações exógenas agudas, entre crianças de 0 a 12 anos de idade, atendidas em um hospital especializado em atendimentos maternos e infantis da rede pública de Goiânia, entre julho e dezembro de 2006. Trata-se de estudo do tipo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. A análise demonstrou que a maioria das crianças vive em zona urbana, sendo 53,7% procedentes de Goiânia-GO. Dentre os 121 casos, 51,2% corresponderam a intoxicações com indivíduos do sexo masculino, sendo que em 80,2% o acidente ocorreu no domicílio. A faixa etária mais freqüente correspondeu a crianças entre 1 e 3 anos, totalizando 64,4% dos casos notificados. A via de intoxicação mais freqüente foi a oral, sendo exclusiva em 116 casos (95,7%). O agente causal mais prevalente foi o medicamento (34%), seguido dos raticidas (14%) e produtos químicos de uso domiciliar (13%). Entende-se que conhecendo o perfil das intoxicações infantis é possível constituir subsídios que permitam trabalhar aspectos preventivos e terapêuticos destas intoxicações. Neste contexto, o enfermeiro assume um papel fundamental, atuando como educador junto aos pais e crianças, com o intuito de reduzir índices de mortalidade e minimizando aspectos relativos à morbidade deste tipo de acidente infantil.
Caracterização clínico-epidemiológica dos pacientes com diagnóstico de tuberculose resistente às drogas em João Pessoa, PB
Authors: Nogueira Jordana De Almeida , Marques Rosa Rita da Conceição , Silva Tatiana Rodrigues da , França Uthania De Mello , Villa Tereza Cristina Scatena , Palha Pedro Fredemir
Published: June 2017

A resistência aos esquemas usuais de tratamento à tuberculose (TB) tem sido um fenômeno preocupante principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, agravado pela miséria, co-infecção TB/HIV, degradação dos serviços de saúde. Objetivou-se descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas dos pacientes que desenvolveram resistência aos tuberculostáticos, assistidos em hospital de referência em João Pessoa, PB. Pesquisa documental retrospectiva constituída por 22 prontuários de pacientes acompanhados entre 2002 a 2006, que utilizou um formulário para coleta de dados. Os resultados revelaram que 77% dos casos encontravam-se na faixa etária de 36 a 55 anos; 72,5% do sexo masculino; 55% solteiro/separado; 77% possuíam baixa escolaridade; 64% renda familiar inferior a um salário mínimo. Quanto à caracterização clínica, 100% apresentavam forma clínica pulmonar e resistência a isoniazida; 73% resistentes a isoniazida, rifampicina e a uma terceira droga; 40% à pirazinamida. Além da resistência às drogas de primeira e segunda linha, observou-se resistência a clofazimina, droga utilizada para tratamento de casos multirresistentes. Chama atenção, que 95% dos casos tinham história de tratamento anterior, sugerindo a necessidade de adoção de medidas que aumentem o rendimento das ações de controle da TB, em especial à implementação da supervisão terapêutica para casos sensíveis, evitando o aparecimento da resistência.