bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VARIASI KONDUKTIVITAS TERMAL PADA PROSES PEMOTONGAN SS400 DENGAN MEDIA PENDINGIN DROMUS TERHADAP KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN
Authors: Tamjidillah Mastiadi , Subagyo Rachmat , Siswanto Rudi , Rachman Dhonie Adetya
Published: September 2023

Thermal conductivity is a transport phenomenon where the temperature difference causes the transfer of thermal energy from the tip of the blade to the workpiece. The value of thermal conductivity is important for good conductors of surface roughness. Thermal conductivity is influenced by several factors, such as temperature, porosity, and voids. The effect of temperature on thermal conductivity is relatively small, but the conduction increases as the temperature increases, the larger the cavity, the less good the conductivity, which causes low surface roughness. This cutting process pays attention to parameter settings such as temperature, cutting speed, type of knife, and material. Likewise, fluid mechanics and hydraulics parameters such as the velocity of the cooling medium out, the pump pressure, the nozzle cross-sectional area, and the type of cooling medium. The thermal conductivity parameter is set to get the surface roughness results that vary due to thermal changes. Using the Waterjet Cutting Machine for the cutting process of SS400 Steel with a thickness of 12 mm with dromus cooling media to reduce thermal effects and reduce conductivity. With this dromus cooling medium, it is hoped that the surface roughness will be more optimal and avoid overheating. Using the Waterjet Cutting Machine for the cutting process of SS400 Steel with a thickness of 12 mm with dromus cooling media to reduce thermal effects and reduce conductivity. With this dromus cooling medium, it is hoped that the surface roughness will be more optimal and avoid overheating. By varying the temperature between the knife tip and the workpiece, good surface roughness is obtained at variations of the stand off distance of 8, 10, 12 mm, with a dromus at temperatures T1=47, T2=39 and T3=32, fluid velocity 300m/s, and pump pressure. 50.000 psi at turbulent flow Re 4000 gets the optimum result on the surface roughness test, which is 3.47 m.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN CACO3 DARI LIMBAH KULIT TELUR DAN WAKTU PENGADUKAN PADA PEMBUATAN ALUMINIUM FOAM MENGGUNAKAN METODE MELT ROUTE
Authors: Ekariadi Ikhsan , Zulaida Yeni Muriani , Suryana Suryana
Published: September 2023

Aluminum is a lightweight material that has good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. It can be used for making aluminum foam. One of the methods for making aluminum foam is the melt route method. Making aluminum foam using the melt route process, is called melting aluminum metal, adding foaming agent, and stirring. This study aims to determine the effect of adding CaCO3 from eggshells and stirring time on the foaming ability of aluminum foam. The characteristics that will be observed include the type of aluminum foam, height, pore size, density, porosity, and compressive strength. This research used the melt route method with adding variations in the mass composition of CaCO3 is 4, 5, and 6 wt% on smelted aluminum with stirring times of 30, 45, and 60 seconds. The process is carried out by heating aluminum to 760 °C and adding Al2O3 as a viscosity modifier then adding variations in the mass composition of CaCO3 and stirring with a variation of stirring time. The results show that the highest aluminum foam gets a value of 75 mm. The pore sizes of aluminum foam are obtained ranged from 0.287 to 1.109 mm. The optimal value obtained from the addition of CaCO3 with a mass composition of 4 wt% with a stirring time of 45 seconds, has a density value of 0.388 g/cm3, a porosity percentage of 85.848%, and a compressive strength of 1.777 MPa.
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF PARTITION BOARD BY POLYMER COMPOSITE WITH FILLER EMPTY FRIUT BUNCHES FIBRES
Authors: Siregar Batumahadi , Nursanni Banu , Januariyansah Sapitri , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Wijaya Kinanti
Published: September 2023

Utilization and management of Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) fibre continue to develop as the main ingredient and additional material used in various industrial products. The technological breakthrough targeted in this study is the developed EFB fibre as a filler in polymer composite partition boards which are used as heat retainers in the interior construction of buildings. The partition board is a heat insulator, and its thermal conductivity is affected by mass density and porosity. The purpose of this study was to determine the heat resistance of partition board products to reduce the heat entering the room from outside by propagating through walls exposed to direct sunlight. The test method used is adopted from ASTM C177-13, namely the measurement of heat propagation with a modification of the heat source of 40 watts. In addition, mass density tests (referring to SNI 03-2105-2006) and water absorption (referring to ASTM D5229M-12) were also carried out on the product. The specimens were based on the formation of Singapore Highpolymer Chemical Product (SHCP) 2667 WNC polyester resin matrix partition board with weight fractions of 25%, 30%, and 35% chop strand mat (CSM). The test results show that the highest thermal conductivity value is found on the board with a weight fraction of 25%, namely 0.153 W/m.°C with a mass density of 1.16 g/cm3 and a water absorption capacity of 3.38%. However, the lowest thermal conductivity value was found in the fibre with weight fraction of 35%, namely 0.147 W/m. °C at a mass density of 1.24 g/cm3 and a water absorption capacity of 3.75%.
INVESTIGATION INTERFACIAL SHEAR STRENGTH AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIS OF ALKALI TREATED HONEY PINEAPPLE FIBER/ MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE COMPOSITE
Authors: Sakuri Sakuri , Sugiantoro Bambang , Shidiq M. Agus , Hakim Reza Azizul Nasa Al
Published: September 2023

The research objective was investigate the effect of alkali treatment on thermal stability, interfacial shear strength, mechanical properties and waterabsorption in composite of honey pineapple fiber (HPF). HPF was not given and treated by soaking in a mixture of 6% wt sodium hydroxide. Mixing between Unsaturated Polyester (UPRs) and Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) applied the Taguchi test with 5% MCC, 250 RPm, 40 oC temperature, and 30 minutes. The composites were mold using the vacuum infusion method and curing at 60 o C for 120 minutes. Interfacial shear strength test showed 9 hours of immersion, gave strength of 3.49 MPa, an increase of 37.39%.  Tensile strength increased by 30.4%,the flexural strength of the composite increased by 51.08%. The results of the SEM test showed the fiber untreated was still smooth and there were several interface gaps. The water absorption test showed that the untreated fiber had a higher absorption rate.
ANALISA LIFEBOAT PLACEMENT EFFECTIVENESS TERHADAP PROSES EVAKUASI KAPAL PENUMPANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE AGENT BASED MODELLING SIMULATION
Authors: Mulyatno Imam Pujo , Manik Parlindungan , Addawiyah Shalwa An-nisa
Published: September 2023

The study of “Lifeboat placement effectiveness” which was applied to the evacuation process of passenger ships should be based on the regulation of IMO MSC.1/Circ.1533. The analysis of the evacuation duration was important considering the high number of fatalities in shipping accidents based on KNKT data, as many as 686 people died in the last 7 years. This study analyzed the duration of evacuation using a simulation method based on “Agent Based Modelling Simulation” with the purpose to obtain a modeling framework to simulate the evacuation process to the lifeboat in 3 dimensions. Simulations were applied to 4 cases with 2 different lifeboat positions. The results of the analysis showed that the total value of the evacuation duration for lifeboats placement on the navigation deck which was placed close to the main stair of the exit route was leading than the placement in the existing position, which as case 1 lead by 1 minute, case 2 lead by 1 minute 2 seconds, case 3 lead by 23 seconds, and case 4 a lead by 17 seconds. The calculation also showed that the total evacuation duration in each case was valued at 60 minutes, which met the IMO MSC.1/Circ.1533 standard.
OPTIMASI DESAIN SUDU TURBIN DENGAN PADUAN SAVONIUS DAN DARRIEUS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA
Authors: Al-Janan Dony Hidayat , Saputra Maulana Iwan
Published: September 2023

In this study, the effectiveness of the combination of the Savonius and Darrieus wind turbines was investigated, which is a vertical axis wind turbine. The aim is to determine the optimal blade design and analysis of the combined blade design compared to the stand-alone design. The method used is CFD simulation to find the torque value used for power calculation. From all simulations, the highest torque and power occurred at a wind speed of 5.58 m/s. The simulation shows the Savonius, Darrieus, and Savonius-Darrieus combination turbine variations, - so then as result from the Savonius-Darrieus combination obtained the best results, namely the torque of 82.59 Nm and the power of 2194.41 W. In conclusion, the turbine model with a combined blade design produces better torque and power compared to stand-alone turbine models.
(Be)grijp ons niet
Authors: Hammana Zouhair , Van Reekum Rogier
Published: September 2023

Review of Sinan Çankaya (2020), Mijn ontelbare identiteiten. Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij.
The Critical Naturalism Manifesto: Some Comments
Authors: Radder Hans
Published: September 2023

The prior issue of Krisis (42:1) published Critical Naturalism: A Manifesto, with the aim to instigate a debate of the issues raised in this manifesto – the necessary re-thinking of the role (and the concept) of nature in critical theory in relation to questions of ecology, health, and inequality. Since Krisis considers itself a place for philosophical debates that take contemporary struggles as starting point, it issued an open call and solicited responses to the manifesto. This is one of the sixteen selected responses, which augment, specify, or question the assumptions and arguments of the manifesto.
Critical Naturalism: The Manifesto and Critical Realism
Authors: Lindner Urs
Published: September 2023

The prior issue of Krisis (42:1) published Critical Naturalism: A Manifesto, with the aim to instigate a debate of the issues raised in this manifesto – the necessary re-thinking of the role (and the concept) of nature in critical theory in relation to questions of ecology, health, and inequality. Since Krisis considers itself a place for philosophical debates that take contemporary struggles as starting point, it issued an open call and solicited responses to the manifesto. This is one of the sixteen selected responses, which augment, specify, or question the assumptions and arguments of the manifesto.
The Aesthetics of Natural History
Authors: Heinze Tobias
Published: September 2023

The prior issue of Krisis (42:1) published Critical Naturalism: A Manifesto, with the aim to instigate a debate of the issues raised in this manifesto – the necessary re-thinking of the role (and the concept) of nature in critical theory in relation to questions of ecology, health, and inequality. Since Krisis considers itself a place for philosophical debates that take contemporary struggles as starting point, it issued an open call and solicited responses to the manifesto. This is one of the sixteen selected responses, which augment, specify, or question the assumptions and arguments of the manifesto.
The Need of a Critical Theory of Digitalization (Remark on the Point of Technologization in the Manifesto)
Authors: Colligs Alexandra
Published: September 2023

The prior issue of Krisis (42:1) published Critical Naturalism: A Manifesto, with the aim to instigate a debate of the issues raised in this manifesto – the necessary re-thinking of the role (and the concept) of nature in critical theory in relation to questions of ecology, health, and inequality. Since Krisis considers itself a place for philosophical debates that take contemporary struggles as starting point, it issued an open call and solicited responses to the manifesto. This is one of the sixteen selected responses, which augment, specify, or question the assumptions and arguments of the manifesto.
Is Critical Naturalism Necessary?
Authors: Prange Martine , Van Gemert Ties , Van der Deijl-Kloeg Willem , Santori Paolo
Published: September 2023

The prior issue of Krisis (42:1) published Critical Naturalism: A Manifesto, with the aim to instigate a debate of the issues raised in this manifesto – the necessary re-thinking of the role (and the concept) of nature in critical theory in relation to questions of ecology, health, and inequality. Since Krisis considers itself a place for philosophical debates that take contemporary struggles as starting point, it issued an open call and solicited responses to the manifesto. This is one of the sixteen selected responses, which augment, specify, or question the assumptions and arguments of the manifesto.
"First Nature" and Colonial Rifts: Response to "Critical Naturalism: A Manifesto"
Authors: Leeuwenkamp Jasmijn
Published: September 2023

The prior issue of Krisis (42:1) published Critical Naturalism: A Manifesto, with the aim to instigate a debate of the issues raised in this manifesto – the necessary re-thinking of the role (and the concept) of nature in critical theory in relation to questions of ecology, health, and inequality. Since Krisis considers itself a place for philosophical debates that take contemporary struggles as starting point, it issued an open call and solicited responses to the manifesto. This is one of the sixteen selected responses, which augment, specify, or question the assumptions and arguments of the manifesto.
Feminism after Gaia: Care and the Posthuman
Authors: Van den Heuvel Nathanja
Published: September 2023

The prior issue of Krisis (42:1) published Critical Naturalism: A Manifesto, with the aim to instigate a debate of the issues raised in this manifesto – the necessary re-thinking of the role (and the concept) of nature in critical theory in relation to questions of ecology, health, and inequality. Since Krisis considers itself a place for philosophical debates that take contemporary struggles as starting point, it issued an open call and solicited responses to the manifesto. This is one of the sixteen selected responses, which augment, specify, or question the assumptions and arguments of the manifesto.
Affinity for Technology Relates to Group Cohesion for New, But Not Existing, Groups
Authors: Fraune Marlena R. , Langlois Danielle , Preusse Harrison , Rheman Jennifer M. , Ling Katrina , Tsui Katherine M.
Published: September 2023

During the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, governments around the world mandated shutdowns and social distancing, limiting how much people could see other people outside of their household. Because of this, people had negative mental health outcomes, and many people turned to technology to maintain connections and create new ones. In this paper, we examine the relationship between technology, mental health, and group cohesion with existing groups (N = 202) and new groups (N = 74). We surveyed U.S. participants in June 2020, two to three months after the start of mandated social distancing. Results indicated that, as predicted, higher levels of reported group cohesion typically related to better reported mental health; however, the relationship occurred differently for existing groups compared to new groups. Further, higher levels of affinity for technology did not relate to group cohesion for existing groups, but did relate to more perceived cohesion for new groups. Researchers and mental health practitioners can use these results to help people develop a sense of group cohesion with new and existing groups and improve mental health during relative social isolation; technology may be especially beneficial for people to connect with new groups compared to existing groups.
Preuniversity Students' Perceptions and Attitudes About an Anatomy and Physiology Outreach Program: Survey Study and Inductive Thematic Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Ranganath , Perumal Vivek , Chandrasekaran Ramya , Mogali Sreenivasulu Reddy
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Science and health outreach activities are aimed at motivating and sparking interest among prospective students to pursue careers in these fields; however, research studies supporting this hypothesis are limited.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of our study was to organize an integrated Anatomy and Physiology outreach to examine preuniversity students’ learning experiences (learning tools, activities, and facilitators) and motivation to pursue a career in health care and to gather evidence on their attitudes and perceptions of such activities.

METHODS

A 2-day course on cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal anatomical systems was presented at the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine in Singapore using its key pedagogies, that is, multimodal practical and team-based learning. Ninety preuniversity students from 21 preuniversity institutions in Singapore participated in this 2-day course, and their experiences were evaluated using a 4-point Likert scale and open-ended survey questions. Free-text comments were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

The survey using the 4-point Likert scale was completed by 81 (92%) of the 88 participants. Most students felt that the course materials were adequate (mean 3.57, SD 0.57) and met the learning objectives (mean 3.73, SD 0.52). The students felt that the instructors were clear (mean 3.73, SD 0.52) and effective (mean 3.70, SD 0.53). They liked the organization of the outreach session (mean 3.64, SD 0.48) and were highly motivated to study medicine or allied/biomedical sciences (mean 3.69, SD 0.54). Practical and team-based learning were regarded as exceedingly satisfactory (mean 3.63, SD 0.53 and mean 3.58, SD 0.54, respectively). All the respondents said that they would recommend this course to peers. Thematic analysis revealed that the participants gained a new perspective of the human body structure and function, they liked the unique learning settings, they were motivated to pursue a career in health care, they were satisfied with the sessions, and interactions with the facilitators increased their understanding of the human anatomy and physiology.

CONCLUSIONS

Structured health outreach activities provide students with unique opportunities to experience a preclinical learning environment in a medical school, deepen their understanding of human body structure and function, and increase their motivation and interest in science. Further, outreach programs may lay the foundations for potential students aiming to pursue health profession education.
Use of the narcotic analgesic fentanyl to correct violations of the autonomic regulation of childbirth
Authors: Zhezher A.O. , Zhezher N.P.
Published: September 2023

Background. The problem of effective prolonged epidural analgesia (PEA) in case of hypotonic labor, which allows minimal intervention in the process of labor activity while providing adequate analgesia, remains unresolved. A study was conducted to increase the effectiveness of PEA use during the first state of childbirth in women with hypotonic labor. The purpose: to increase the effectiveness of prolonged epidural analgesia in case of hypotonic labor during vaginal childbirth. Materials and methods. We performed analgesia to 60 women with a diagnosis of stage 1 hypotonic labor who were divided in 2 groups: the main one (n = 35) and the controls (n = 25). ASA status in both groups was I–II. In both groups, the epidural space was punctured at L1-L2. A test 4-ml dose of 2% lidocaine solution was administered and 5 minutes after, the epidural catheter was inserted. Then, in the main group, 1 ml of fentanyl solution and 6 ml of 0.9% NaCl were injected into the epidural space; in the control group, 6–8 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine solution. The effectiveness was evaluated according to the visual analogue scale, hemodynamic changes and the outcome of childbirth (conservative or operative). The condition of the fetus was assessed according to cardiotocography data. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using Excel. Results. The use of fentanyl in 69 % of cases allowed finishing the birth conservatively, the condition of the fetus and newborn was considered satisfactory. In the control group, 72 % of births resulted in cesarean section. Indications for surgery were hypotonic labor and fetal distress. Conclusions. The use of the narcotic analgesic fentanyl for prolonged epidural analgesia in hypotonic labor effectively relieves pain and increases the likelihood of conservative childbirth. It is safe for mother, fetus and newborn.
Discursive Construction of Delivery Workers in China Daily
Authors: Shu Lei
Published: September 2023

This article introduces a corpus-based critical discourse analysis to explore how this linguistically-oriented approach can be a helpful complement to the studies of news discourse and beyond. It demonstrates how to use this approach to examine how China Daily constructs the image of delivery workers between pre-2020 and post-2020. It is achieved by analysis of keywords and collocational network of delivery as well as some of its concordances. Findings show that the image of delivery workers in China Daily has a shift during the two periods, mainly turning the negative into the positive, which helps the public have a better understanding of this occupation and promote their social integration.
El derecho a consulta de los pueblos originarios frente al Estado: la comunidad nahua de San Felipe Cuauhtenco, municipio de Contla de Juan Cuamatzi, Tlaxcala, México
Authors: Cruz Rueda Elisa , Mesri Hashemi-Dilmaghani Parastoo Anita , Sam Bautista María Magdalena
Published: September 2023

En este artículo se describe el proceso mediante el que un grupo de comunidades nahuas y equiparables de Tlaxcala exige el respeto al derecho de nombrar a sus autoridades por sistemas normativos comunitarios (derecho electoral indígena). La lucha en la sede jurisdiccional fue encabezada por San Felipe Cuauhtenco y tuvo como objetivo exigir el respeto a los derechos colectivos de las 94 comunidades del estado que nombran a sus autoridades por sus propios sistemas normativos, en particular mediante el derecho a la autonomía y a la consulta previa. Los datos se generaron a partir de trabajo de campo, aplicando la metodología de observación participante, y mediante un ejercicio coordinado de apoyo al movimiento, lo que representa un ejemplo de antropología jurídica aplicada. Se concluye cómo el Estado mexicano suplanta la libre determinación de los pueblos originarios a través de la implementación de supuestas consultas.
Del terror al exterminio. Un apunte sobre las matanzas de civiles en El Salvador y Guatemala durante la década de 1980
Authors: Vázquez Olivera Mario
Published: September 2023

En la década de 1980 se desarrollaron de manera paralela sendas campañas de exterminio en El Salvador y Guatemala. Este trabajo ofrece elementos para sostener que los ejércitos de ambos países enfrentaron el desafío de la insurgencia implementando mecanismos semejantes de “contraterror” o guerra sucia y de aniquilación en masa. También es posible afirmar que las dimensiones del exterminio en El Salvador y Guatemala fueron equiparables. En ambos casos el número estimado de personas asesinadas fue equivalente al 1.5 % del total de la población. Pero más allá de estas cifras, se trató de procesos básicamente similares tanto por su sentido estratégico, como por sus patrones de implementación y sus consecuencias fundamentales.
Comparative Study of Starch-Based Bioplastic from Banana (Musa acuminata) peel (SBB) Incorporated with Commercialized and Extracted Chitin
Authors: Guzman Mark Khevin L. De , Muska April Jieren R.
Published: September 2023

Abstract: The study produced extracted Chitin from Asian Green Mussel (Perna viridis) and Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculate) shells using two-way chemical extraction process; deproteinization and demineralization. The extracted and commercialized Chitin were characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy to determine and compare the functional groups present. Starch-based bioplastics were produced using banana peel starch (BPS) incorporated with commercialized chitin and chosen chitin extract which is from AGM. The bioplastics were tested for its morphology through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), physical property through air test, chemical properties through biodegradability test, chemical reactivity test, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) test, water absorption test and flammability test, and mechanical property through tensile strength test. Four treatments were carried out using 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by weight chitin addition. The control SBB does not contain any chitin. All treatments were prepared using constant amount of BPS, PVA solution and glycerol. Based from the results, chitin addition improves the strong acid resistance, water-barrier properties, and tensile strength of the SBB. It was found out that the best treatment was T3 of AGM which has a WVTR of 73.9868 g/m2 , dissolved in water in an average of 6.1783 days, and has a tensile strength of 64286.3777 Pa
CALCULATION AND INVESTIGATION OF THE CUTTING PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE DURABILITY OF KNIVES OF STRAW CHOPPER-SPREADER
Authors: Rozhkov Y. N. , Lyalyakin V. P. , Aulov V. F.
Published: September 2023

For the disposal of the non–grain part of the heap of various crops in modern combines, they are crushed, as a rule, by a special unit – a shredder-a straw spreader. During its operation, the crushed straw is scattered across the field, while the scattering width is regulated structurally and technologically depending on the width of the harvester's reaper, the speed of movement, the rotor speed. The quality of fragmentation and dispersion of plant material depends on the condition of the working organs of the shredder-straw spreader – its knives, with wear and blunting of which the basic parameters of agricultural technology deteriorate, energy consumption increases, losses increase. (Research purpose) The research purpose is calculation and theoretical investigation of the cutting process of the shredder-straw spreader, as well as determining the dependence of the thickness of the knife blade on the height of the compressible (cut) layer. (Materials and methods) Adopted spring wheat straw as the cut material. We took the straw shredder-spreader of the Acros-590 Plus combine harvester equipped with original knives from MWS (Germany) as the unit under study. Calculations of the optimal thickness of the blade of the straw shredder-spreader knife from the height of the layer of the non-grain part of the pile entering it were performed. (Results and discussion) Studies have shown that at different heights of the initial layer, its cutting with a knife with a cutting edge thickness of 100 micrometers occurs when a compression height of 1.4 millimeters is reached for a layer of 2 millimeters and 99.4 millimeters for a layer of 100 millimeters. The compression value of the initial two–millimeter layer when it is cut will be 30 percent (the multiplicity or compression ratio of the CSF is about 1.3 times), and for the initial hundred-millimeter layer - 0.6 percent (the compression ratio is about 0.03 times). (Conclusions) It is advisable to sharpen the blade for technological reasons and the existing design of the knife IRS combines PCM (Acros-590 Plus) to a thickness of 100 µm or more.
MODERNIZATION OF THE INSTALLATION FOR ELECTRIC EROSION DISPERSION
Authors: Romanov I. V. , Zadorozhniy R. N. , Kudryashova E. Yu.
Published: September 2023

Very often, powders of metals and alloys are used in the technologies of repair and restoration of parts, as well as when creating new parts. With the development of mechanical engineering, high requirements are imposed on such materials, which are associated with certain physico-chemical and granulometric indicators. Currently, a large number of different methods for producing metal powders are known. Many of them have a number of disadvantages: high energy consumption, irregular particle shape, the presence of impurities. The method of electroerosive dispersion is one of the most energy-efficient and allows to obtain metal powders with particles of the correct shape and small sizes. However, existing installations do not make it possible to bring the process to the industrial level due to outdated and low-power components of electrical circuits. (Research purpose) The research purpose is increasing the productivity and efficiency of the installation for electroerosive dispersion, as well as improving the quality characteristics of metal powders obtained with its use. (Materials and methods) Studied literary sources, scientific papers and patents, used the laboratory installation of the CCP "Nano-Center" FNAC VIM. (Results and discussion) Described the process of electroerosive dispersion, examined the principle of operation of the existing laboratory installation. It was revealed that this installation has a number of disadvantages that significantly affect performance indicators and efficiency. They proposed modernization options and developed a new electrical circuit of the most important unit of the installation, which was supplemented with auxiliary electronic components. The structure was equipped with fundamentally new nodes. (Conclusions) The proposed scheme of an upgraded installation for electroerosive dispersion provides an increase in productivity and efficiency and meets modern industrial requirements.
AVIATION AT THE SERVICE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE USSR: BACKGROUND
Authors: Sobolev D. A.
Published: September 2023

The Soviet Union was the first country where chemical pollination and aerial sowing of agricultural crops were carried out at the state level. (Research purpose) The research purpose is a full review of the history of the aviation in the national economy of the USSR for almost 70 years; description of the aircraft for pollination of plants and control of harmful insects – "Humpback Horse", AP, An-2SH, M-15, light helicopters "Mi" and "Ka". (Materials and methods) Wrote a paper based on the collection and analysis of archival documents and memoir literature on this topic. (Results and discussion) They showed the fallacy of the decision on the use of jet aircraft for agricultural tasks. This idea arose in connection with the desire to switch everywhere to the use of kerosene instead of more expensive aviation gasoline, but the features of the turbojet engine turned out to be incompatible with the tasks of agricultural aircraft. They noted that the An–2 biplane was the most successful at the cost of use - from 1.2 rubles per hectare, which is noticeably cheaper compared to the M-15 and helicopters. It took about 10 years to create the aircraft, and it was used in agricultural aviation for more than 40 years. (Conclusions). We made a diagram of the aviation processing of fields and forests in 1932-1990 based on the results of the reports of the Ministry of Civil Aviation. Three stages in the history of aviation agricultural work were identified: 1932-1952 – the stage of limited use due to insufficient funding, 1953-1985 - the stage of rapid growth in the volume of aircraft work; 1986-1990 – a sharp twofold decline in indicators due to the general economic crisis in the country, rising prices for chemicals and fuel, as well as the obsolescence of the fleet.
Optimal Parameters and Operating Modes of the Vertical Farm Lighting System: an Overview of World Research
Authors: Filatov D. A. , Avdeeva E. A. , Olonin I. Yu.
Published: September 2023

The vertical farm is a closed system, which is characterized by the most favorable climate with minimal interaction with the external environment. The optimal microclimate of vertical farms provides stable production of dry mass of crops, unlike greenhouses. At higher latitudes, heating greenhouses requires more electricity than lighting. The main task for expanding the geography of the study of vertical farms is to determine the optimal parameters and operating modes of lighting systems in order to minimize the cost of electricity in the production of a unit of production. (Research purpose) The research purpose is reviewing the world research on the optimal parameters and modes of the lighting system of vertical farms. (Materials and methods) Analyzed foreign studies on the use of artificial light sources in crop production for maximum production at minimum cost of purchased electricity. (Results and discussion) It has been shown that with a long photoperiod and low levels of photosynthetic photon flux density, light and electrical energy are used more efficiently within an equal daylight interval. (Conclusions) Based on the results of a review of world studies, it was revealed that a photoperiod of 16 hours a day is necessary for plants to achieve the greatest mass and minimum time spent when growing lettuce, basil, and microgreens. It was determined that the density of photosynthetic photon flux is minimally sufficient when growing microgreens – 100 micromoles per square meter per day (spectrum blue:red:far red light B:R:FR = 20:70:10), lettuce – 200 micromoles per square meter per day (red-blue light R:B = 70:30 and warm white light B:G:R:FR = 8:30:51:11, respectively), the basil has 250 micromoles per square meter per day (blue:red:high red light B:R:FR = 10:80:10).
Justification of the Joint Use of Partitioning Tools and Mobile Energy Platforms for Reserving Electricity Supply to Rural Consumers
Authors: Vinogradov A. V. , Vinogradova A. V. , Kramskoy S. V.
Published: September 2023

A significant recovery time in case of power line failures of 0.4 kilovolts, reaching from 1.88 to 5.33 hours, is unjustified. Large values of intentional (planned) outages (up to 13.6 hours) and the number of intentional outages (from 5.2 to 13.8 years–1 per 100 km) show the urgency of finding solutions to reduce them. One of the solutions in this case may be the joint use of partitioning and redundancy tools, monitoring and mobile energy platforms. Currently, this issue has not been fully investigated. (Research purpose) The research purpose is justifying the joint use of partitioning tools and mobile energy platforms for reserving electricity supply to rural consumers. (Materials and methods) Used data from a literature review on the values of the time of interruptions in power supply during emergency and planned outages in 0.4 kilovolt electrical networks, monitoring tools, partitioning and reserving power supply to rural consumers. The method of situational modeling was applied to identify the features of the joint use of partitioning tools and mobile energy platforms for reserving electricity supply to rural consumers. (Results and discussion) We performed situational modeling of reserving power supply to consumers using mobile power platforms without localization and with localization of sections of power lines by means of partitioning and redundancy, which showed the relevance of the method of sharing means of partitioning, monitoring and mobile power platforms for reserving power supply to rural consumers. (Conclusions) It has been shown that the joint use of partitioning, monitoring and mobile energy platforms for reserving power supply to rural consumers can reduce the time of planned and emergency interruptions in power supply to rural consumers
Electrothermal Effect on Organic Dispersed Hydraulic Systems
Authors: Krivovyazenko D. I. , Zayats E. M.
Published: September 2023

Of particular interest is the processing of agricultural products of plant and animal origin: vegetable and fruit juices, milk serums, potato juice, moist and moistened feeds and others that belong to organic dispersed hydraulic systems. The efficiency of processing these media can be improved by passing an electric current through them. (Research purpose) The research purpose is describing the mechanism of the thermal effect of electric current on organic dispersed hydraulic systems on the example of whey, searching for the role of the thermal factor in the regulating action of the current. (Materials and methods) Considered an organic colloidal solution simplistically as a two-phase dispersed system in which protein molecules act as a dispersed phase, and the rest of the colloidal system acts as a dispersed medium. In order to clarify the role of the thermal factor in the regulating action of the current, an electrical circuit for the replacement of a fragment of a medium with proteins was compiled. (Results and discussion) It was established that the electrical circuit of the substitution of the medium with protein molecules allowed calculating the processing parameters of colloidal solutions. Based on the results of the calculations carried out, it was shown that when such colloidal solutions are treated with electric current as a result of direct selective thermal action of the current, the temperature of protein molecules exceeds the average tempera­ture of the surrounding product by no more than 10 degrees Celsius. It was determined that the thermal effect of the current is an important factor in influencing colloidal solutions, however, an increase in temperature leads to an increase in energy consumption during electrical processing of these media. (Conclusions) The mechanism of the thermal effect of electric current on organic dispersed hydraulic systems – whey – was given. It was revealed that the obtained results are necessary for modeling electric and temperature fields that determine the uniformity and quality of material processing. It was stated that modeling the modes of electrical treatment of colloidal solutions will reduce the temperature of the medium and, consequently, the energy intensity of the process, optimize non-thermal factors during coagulation of colloidal solutions.
Main Technical Conditions for Connecting Integrated Measuring Modules to the Milking System
Authors: Khakimov A. R. , Pavkin D. Yu. , Shkirin A. V. , Yurochka S. S. , Ignatenko D. N.
Published: September 2023

The paper shows that upgrading milking machines with integrated measuring modules can increase the technological supply and dairy farm management efficiency, as well as allow for the primary analysis of quality parameters and milk sorting according to fat content. (Research purpose) To determine the main technical conditions for connecting integrated measuring modules to the milk hose of the milking system. (Materials and methods) For the research purposes, an experimental stand was created based on the widespread milking system “Herringbone”. The milk-air mixture flows in the milk hose of the experimental stand with incomplete and uneven filling, which corresponds to the actual farm milking process. For upgrading the milking system, it is necessary to use integrated measuring modules with a 14-millimeter internal diameter. (Results and discussion) In the experimental stand, the technical feasibility of the integrated measuring module was studied in terms of its connecting to three specific sections of the milk hose. The calculations were made to obtain the length of the milk hose between the collector and the milk meter sufficient to connect integrated measuring modules, and to ensure the hose itself has an extended section in a vertical position. An integrated measuring module was successfully connected to the hose with a two-clamp fixation. (Conclusions) The main technical conditions determined for connecting integrated measuring modules to the milking system are as follows: a milk hose with a 14-millimeter inner diameter, the availability of a milk hose vertical section with the length of over 30 centimeters, and the possibility of fixing the module with clamps.
Comparative evaluation of fatigue life estimation under variable amplitude loading through damage models based on entropy.
Authors: Abúndez-Pliego Arturo , Rodríguez-Reyes Víctor , Petatan-Bahena Kevin E. , Acatitla Kevin R. Miranda , Colín-Ocampo Jorge , Blanco-Ortega Andrés
Published: September 2023

Three fatigue damage models based on entropy, originally developed for
constant amplitude loading, were assessed and compared each other in
order to state whether its applicability can be extended towards
variable amplitude loading conditions. A variable amplitude loading
history, applied on a 2024-T3 aluminum alloy reported in the literature,
was processed using both rainflow cycle counting and spectral techniques
to transform it into a distribution of simple processes with constant
amplitudes, then the damage models were assessed under the new loading
conditions. The results showed that the model by Khonsari, combined with
the rainflow technique, exhibited the highest accuracy with respect to
the referenced experimental results with -0.67 standard deviation from
the average data and 16% error from the median. Therefore, it is
possible to assess the fatigue damage accumulation in metallic materials
under variable amplitude loading through a thermodynamic approach with
models developed for constant amplitude loading.
Long-term fertilization and cultivation impacts on nematode abundance and community structure in tall fescue turfgrass
Authors: Waldo Benjamin , Shahoveisi Fereshteh , Carroll Mark
Published: September 2023

Impacts of long-term fertilization and cultivation were evaluated on
nematode communities associated with tall fescue turfgrass following 11
years of treatment applications. Fertilizer treatments of biosolid,
synthetic, and plant-based fertilizers and cultivation treatments of 0x,
1x, and 2x aerification passes were applied to randomized and replicated
tall fescue plots at the University of Maryland Paint Branch Turfgrass
facility in College Park, Maryland. Free-living and plant-parasitic
nematodes were identified, enumerated, and categorized into functional
groups. Nematode count data were compared using generalized linear mixed
modeling with negative binomial distribution and two-way ANOVA was used
to compare nematode ecological indices. Biosolid treatments resulted in
lower omnivore-predator densities than plant-based fertilizer treatments
(P≤0.001) and significantly greater Hoplolaimus densities than
plant-based fertilizer plots (P≤0.05). Synthetic fertilizer applications
resulted in the greatest Eucephalobus (P≤0.05) and total bacterivore
densities (P≤0.001) of all fertilizer treatments. Plant-based fertilizer
treated plots had the largest Structure Index (P≤0.05). Cultivation of
1x resulted in fewer total bacterivore densities than 2x (P≤0.01) while
omnivore-predator densities were greater in 1x than 0x (P≤0.001). Plant
health, as measured by NDVI, was lowest in biosolid treated turfgrass
(P≤0.05). These findings suggest that long-term turfgrass management
practices can have variable impacts on nematode abundance and community
structure in tall fescue and provide insights into ecological impacts of
turfgrass management practices.
Recent advances in ring opening polymerization of new CO2-based cyclic carbonates
Authors: Lanzi Matteo , Kleij Arjan W
Published: September 2023

Carbon dioxide can be converted into functional heterocycles known as
cyclic carbonates, whose recent reactivity has been expanded towards the
formation of tailor-made engineering polymers. This minireview gives an
overview of the most topical developments in this area with a special
focus on the synthetic methods employed to prepare these CO2 based
synthons. In addition, their application potential in the area of
polymer science using a variety of polymerization techniques is
discussed that have in common the ring-opening of the carbonate
monomers. Future perspectives are provided that provide impetus for the
scientific communities aligning research to the use of sustainable
processes for polymers from recyclable carbon sources such as CO2.
Identifification of amino acid metabolic signature to predict prognosis and guide clinical therapy in patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Dalin , Jiang HuiZhong , Yang Bing , Guo Bin , Li Dan , Ye Guangze , Yang Zhu , Tang Dongxin , Long FengXi
Published: September 2023

Background The high heterogeneity of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has
led to poor clinical outcomes. The critical role of amino acid metabolic
reprogramming in tumor growth is gradually emerging. However, amino acid
metabolism in HCC is less studied, and the mechanisms still need to be
clarified. Methods We acquired transcriptome information on HCC patients
from public databases. Amino acid metabolism-related genes (ACRGs) were
used as prognostic markers. We built the prognosis-related ACRG_score
model using Univariate/Multivariate COX and Lasso regression analyses
following stratification by consensus clustering. Furthermore, we
assigned HCC patients with high ACRG expression to the high-risk
category and others to the low-risk category. We compared clinical
characteristics, immune cell infiltration, somatic mutations, and immune
checkpoint (IC) genes among the groups. Finally, drug sensitivity and
molecular docking analyses were used to identify therapeutic candidates
targeting the essential ACRG target proteins. Result We constructed a
six-gene ACRG_score model that better predicted the survival prognosis
for liver cancer patients, and we validated it using internal and
external datasets. In HCC patients, ACRG_score are associated with
clinicopathological characteristics and have proven to be an independent
prediction factor. Nomogram and calibration curves illustrated the model
could correctly forecast patient prognosis. In addition, immune
infiltration, Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB), and ACRG_score were
revealed to be significantly correlated. IC genes were also present.
According to immunohistochemical analysis, HCC tissues had higher EZH2,
SLC2A1, and SPP1 expression levels than normal tissues. Additionally, we
identified seven candidate small-molecule medications that may bind four
of the ACRG essential target proteins. Conclusions: In this study, the
ACRG_score model was created to analyze the prognosis, TMB, IC, and
therapy responsiveness for HCC patients. This model can predict patient
prognosis, guide immunotherapy, provide clinical dosing suggestions, and
supply valuable tools for individualized patient treatment.
Cervical plexus block - safe anesthesia for the patients with massive mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Authors: Ivosevic Tjasa , Rankovic-Nicic Ljiljana , Miric Ljubisa , Jotic Ana , Bukurov Bojana
Published: September 2023

Introduction. General anesthesia is frequently employed in neck surgery procedures. However, in patients at high risk for general anesthesia, regional anesthesia options, such as the superficial cervical plexus block, warrant careful consideration. Patients with mediastinal lymph node enlargement face an elevated risk of airway obstruction and hemodynamic mediastinal instability during anesthesia induction. In selected neck surgeries, including thyroglossal cyst excision, thyroglossal fistula repair, bronchial cyst removal, thyroidectomy, and lymph node excision, the superficial cervical plexus block presents a viable and secure alternative to general anesthesia. Case report. This report details the case of a patient with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and multiple brain metastases who underwent cervical lymph node excision. Given the patient?s severe comorbidities, pronounced risk of complete distal airway obstruction, hemodynamic instability, and the potential for compression effects from mediastinal mass, a superficial cervical block was administered. This block facilitated effective perioperative analgesia without inducing respiratory or cardiovascular instability. Conclusion. The superficial cervical plexus block emerges as a prudent alternative to general anesthesia in high-risk patients requiring cervical lymph node excision procedures. Its utilization should be considered in such cases to enhance patient safety and perioperative management.