bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Algorithmic Practice Maps to Teach Emergency Preparedness Skills to Nurses
Authors: Acquaviva Kimberly D. , Posey Laurie , Dawson Ellen M. , Johnson Jean E.
Published: January 2012

In 2004, The George Washington University received funding from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to develop a web-based emergency preparedness course for nurses. The purpose of the course was to provide training that would be accessible regardless of work setting or location. In designing the course, the development team used algorithmic decision making as a conceptual framework to transcend the linear, didactic focus of traditional online preparedness training to provide learners with a learning experience crafted around the decision-making process. This article describes the design of the algorithmic practice maps underlying this course and provides a replicable structure for those interested in developing similar offerings for nurses.
The status of the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean small mussel drills of the Ocinebrina aciculata complex (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Muricidae), with the description of a new species
Authors: Crocetta Fabio , Bonomolo Giuseppe , Albano Paolo Giulio , Barco Andrea , Houart Roland , Oliverio Marco
Published: January 2012

The northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean small mussel drills of the Ocinebrina aciculata complex are here revised and consist of at least 3 species. The type species, Ocinebrina aciculata (Lamarck, 1822), characterized by a slender shell with rounded whorls and primary and secondary spiral cords of approximately similar size, lives throughout the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea at depths usually ranging between 0 and 105 m. Its synonymy is here stabilized by a neotype selection for Murex corallinus Scacchi, 1836. Ocinebrina corallinoides Pallary, 1912 (=Ocinebrina buzzurroi Cecalupo and Mariani, 2008, new synonymy), characterized by a strongly elongate and weakly convex shell and primary and secondary spiral cords of approximately similar size, is endemic to the Gulf of Gabès and is here considered a distinct species, pending genetic studies. Ocinebrina reinai n. sp. is here described from the central Mediterranean Sea (where it is sympatric with O. aciculata) on the basis of morphological diagnostic features of shell (rarest presence of labral tooth, commoner presence of infrasutural apertural denticle, dark spots on the ribs and spiral sculpture with differently sized primary and secondary cords and smaller threads) and radula, confirmed by genetic data. Divergence in COI sequences with sympatric samples of O. aciculata ( > 7%), confirm their status as a distinct species. A comparative table reporting diagnostic features of the congeneric species of the complex and those with which the new species was previously misidentified is offered.
Polishing Silicon Wafers with the Nanodiamond Abrasive Tools Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique
Authors: Hu Guang Qiu , Lu Jing , Xu Xi Peng
Published: January 2012

In this paper, in order to avoid aggregate of nanodiamonds and reduce the damage problem caused by the hard abrasives during polishing, a kind of ultra-fine nanodiamond abrasive polishing pad was fabricated by means of sol-gel technology. The polishing pad was then used to polish silicon wafer on a nano-polishing machine. The surface morphologies and roughness were measured by both optical microscope and atomic force microscope (AFM). It is found that it was easy to machine the silicon wafer to mirror surface after polishing with the nanodiamond pad. And the surface roughness of the silicon wafer was reduced to 0.402 nm.
Investigation of Thermally Treated Recyled Glass as a Vibratory Mass Finishing Media
Authors: Benjarungroj Pitipong , Harrison P. , Vaughan Steve , Ren X.J. , Morgan Michael N.
Published: January 2012

This paper reports on the results of an experimental study in vibratory mass finishing. The machining performance of abrasive media produced entirely from recycled thermally treated glass is compared with that of conventional ceramic and polyester based media. Tests were completed in a vibratory trough machine over a range of work materials. It has been demonstrated that the recycled glass media can match the performance of conventional media in respect of surface finish (Ra), burr removal and ‘brightness’. The wear rate and self-attrition rate were also found to compare favourably with that of conventional media. The results of this study show considerable promise for the wider use of this highly innovative media.
Thermodynamics of Precision Diamond Lapping of Ceramic Surfaces
Authors: Baharev V.P. , Vereshchaka A.S
Published: January 2012

This paper reports on a methodology of designing high-precision machining of ceramic materials based on the thermodynamics of the interaction of the technological environment and the work surface, with account of changes in surface properties as a result of the stochastic action of abrasive media.
Grindability of Single Crystal Sapphire in Medical Use and the Scheme of Forming Highly Precise Spherical Heads
Authors: Mgaloblishvili Otar , Turmanidze Rauli , Butskhrikidze David , Beridze Mariam
Published: January 2012

The scale of influence of the single crystal sapphire crystallographic plane orientation and grinding conditions on the material removal rate, surface finish and the state of sub-surface layer have been studied under Low-Temperature Precision Grinding (LPG). The schemes of forming partial spherical heads for human hip joints endoprostheses are considered and elaborated. The possible versions of forming the spherical heads of endoprosthesis based on the novelties in kinematics and the mode of material removal are discussed.
New Ways in Aluminium Alloys Grinding
Authors: Novák Martin , Naprstkova Natasa , Ruzicka Ludek
Published: January 2012

This paper deals with new possibilities in aluminium alloys grinding. Presently the aluminium alloys have forceful usage in engineering. The using of aluminium alloys we can find in general engineering, automotive industry, cosmonautics, aeronautics and medicine. Wide possibilities of the aluminium alloys using is very important area for production technology too. The traditional process of aluminium alloys is e. g. forming, pressing. In cutting operation is it especially turning and milling operations. Grinding like finishing method of machining is not so used for aluminium alloys machining. This method not doing optimal results in touch with these materials of machined surface quality. This paper shows new ways and possibilities in aluminium alloys grinding.
Turning of Inconel 718 by Cemented Carbides
Authors: Mrkvica Ivan , Konderla Ryszard , Faktor Miroslav
Published: January 2012

This article deals with dry turning of nickel superalloy - Inconel 718. The different cemented carbides were applied for cutting process. These inserts were produced by Pramet Tools Ltd. company. This paper discusses durability of cutting inserts, the different intensity of tool wear at various cutting parameters. The most suitable cutting conditions are chosen in the scope of applied tools.
Single Point Diamond Turning of Single Crystal Silicon Carbide: Molecular Dynamic Simulation Study
Authors: Goel Saurav , Luo Xi Chun , Reuben R.L. , Bin Rashid Waleed , Sun Ji Ning
Published: January 2012

Silicon carbide can meet the additional requirements of operation in hostile environments where conventional silicon-based electronics (limited to 623K) cannot function. However, being recent in nature, significant study is required to understand the various machining properties of silicon carbide as a work material. In this paper, a molecular dynamic (MD) simulation has been adopted, to simulate single crystal β-silicon carbide (cubic) in an ultra precision machining process known as single point diamond turning (SPDT). β-silicon carbide (cubic), similar to other materials, can also be machined in ductile regime. It was found that a high magnitude of compression in the cutting zone causes a sp3- sp2 order-disorder transition which appears to be fundamental cause of wear of diamond tool during the SPDT process.
Numerical Research of the Plastic Strain in Hard Turning in Case of Orthogonal Cutting
Authors: Szabó Gergely , Kundrák János
Published: January 2012

This paper shows the chip forming morphology of the plastic strain in the chip root in function of the cutting data. The knowledge of strain mechanisms may advance the increase of material removal efficiency thus appoint newer fields of application. The experiments on the examined case hardened steel at 62±2 HRC were carried out at different cutting speeds and feed rates. Our experiments were completed by means of Finite Element Method (FEM) in case of orthogonal cutting. For the simulation the data of experiments done previously were used. In the course of the FEM analysis the occurrence of the adiabatic shear as well as the sawtooth chip forming mechanism were examined. The relationship between plastic strain and the change of cutting data was investigated. In the paper the change of the morphology of chip formation is compared depending on the cutting speed.
Surface Integrity in Notches Machining
Authors: Madl Jan , Razek Vitezslav , Koutny Vaclav , Kafka Jindrich
Published: January 2012

Precision machining of soft and hardened materials is a topic of high interest to substitute some traditional operations. This paper deals with some aspects of the precision machining of notches. All machining processes result in changes of surface layer properties. There are changes in residual stresses, in harness, changes in material structure etc. and also in surface accuracy and surface roughness. All these characteristics may affect fatigue cracks in machined parts.
Characterization of Topography of Cut Surface Based on Theoretical Roughness Indexes
Authors: Felhő Csaba , Kundrák János
Published: January 2012

The microgeometry of cut surfaces is one important characteristic of surface quality, since it has significant influence on the tribological properties of working surfaces. In addition to the ability to plan the economical effectiveness of cutting and the accuracy of workpieces the ability to plan the quality of machined surfaces has also emphasized importance. This is why the predictability of surface roughness in planning of technological processes is more and more important. More and more opportunities presenting themselves and one of these is the estimation of the expected value of roughness of the machined surface on the basis of the theoretical value of roughness. The paper focuses on the introduction of a method to describe a mathematical relation between the theoretical and the measured roughness indexes in cutting with tools having defined edge geometry, thus the planning may be more accurate.
Improved Accuracy of Console Boring of Deep Apertures
Authors: Kulikov M.U. , Larionov M.A.
Published: January 2012

The technological problems of boring deep apertures are investigated in this report. During the research the basic laws of occurrence of these problems have been revealed. The methodology for solving the basic technological problems arising at deep console boring is also discussed
Possibility of Reducing Environmental Load in Hard Machining
Authors: Kundrák János , Varga Gyula
Published: January 2012

Abstract. The development of metal machining processes and procedures has been characterized by aiming at accuracy and economy for decades. The applied coolants and lubricants helped this process; however, they are polluting the environment. For today that is a social demand and technical possibility that environmental aspects should predominate better in production engineering. In the frame of this article, through the application of dry hard turning we shall spotlight on its economy and efficiency. We shall prove that, keeping the same accuracy and economic efficiency, it is possible to choose a machining process by which the environmental load can be reduced compared to the most frequently applied grinding.
Influential Parameters in Determination of Chip Shape in High Speed Machining
Authors: Öpöz Tahsin Tecelli , Chen Xun
Published: January 2012

Cutting processes in machining involves the elastic and plastic formation where a layer of material is removed by a cutting tool to be removed from the workpiece in forms of various types of small chips. In this paper, a series of finite element simulations of 2D chip formation with various parameters are presented. Different types of chip shapes, such as continuous, discontinuous and serrated shape, are simulated under different conditions. A damage evolution technique based on fracture energy dissipation during material damage progression is used to demonstrate the influences on chip formation. It is concluded that the fracture energy in damage evolution is a crucial factor for the determination of chip shape. Further the influence of depth of cut and rake angle are considered in the simulations.
Influence of Machining Process on Design Notch Performance
Authors: Holešovsky Frantisek , Novák Martin , Lattner Michal
Published: January 2012

A number of machine parts have a design notch or component of notch pattern for the discharge of their own function. These notches form the following elements – longitudinal and cross grooves, necks, cross holes and other elements. A selected finishing method forms a surround of these components depending on the design requirements. A given machining method creates own notch on this machine part in similar way. Both the surface of notch surround and own notch accept at the machining the properties, which are given by the surface integrity. Next, these properties determine the use of surface and especially its durability and load capacity in final machinery. The production monitors choice elements of the surface integrity, primarily for the correct function of parts. Inappropriately used finishing method can notably influence life time as well as the function of a machine part.
The Application of Taguchi Approach to Optimise the Processing Conditions on Bonnet Polishing of CoCr
Authors: Zeng Sheng Yue , Blunt Liam , Jiang Xiang Qian
Published: January 2012

This paper applied the Taguchi approach to investigate the effects of polishing parameters to obtain the optimal processing conditions for CoCr alloy polishing using a multiaxis CNC controlled corrective polishing machine. The polishing medium used was 1m diamond paste with a Microcloth(polishing cloth). Surface finish parameter Sa was chosen as the criterion for process optimization. The experimental results indicate that the optimal polishing conditions for CoCr alloy polishing is 50 precess angle, 800 rpm head speed, 0.2mm tool offset and 1.5 bar tool pressure. With this optimal condition, a confirmatory experiment was conducted. The surface roughness Sa reduced from an initial 24nm to 7nm and reduction ratio was 70.8% which was very close to the estimated ratio of 64%.
Influence of the Corrosion Surrounding on Surface Quality of Grounded Hardened Steels
Authors: Novák Martin
Published: January 2012

This paper deals with study of surface quality changes of hardened steels that grounded with given cutting conditions. The samples of hardened steels are in corrosion chamber dynamic loaded by dynamic force and we observed changes of surface quality in parameters of surface roughness, residual stresses and material portion of profile. Aim of this experiment is evaluate of surface quality in depend on influence of corrosion surrounding and using different cutting conditions during grinding of hardened steels samples.
Fine-Sized Spiral Drills with Variable Inclination Angle of Chip Grooves - Design and Manufacture
Authors: Turmanidze Raul , Gviniashvili Zviad M.
Published: January 2012

In the submitted work the analysis of influence of a setting angle of chip grooves on the strength and durability of fine-sized spiral drills and the basing of utilization effectiveness of spiral drills with variable angle in comparison with standard drills are shown. The resistance to wear tests results and plan of subsequent studies are discussed.
Transformation "Insulator-Conductor" after Laser Irradiation of the Polymer Films
Authors: Aneli Jimsher N. , Semiletova Elena F. , Bakradze Nana V. , Dumbadze Teimuraz N.
Published: January 2012

Abstract: Formation of electrical conducting channels with paramagnetic properties on the surface of three type polymer plates (phenol-formaldehyde and epoxy resins, polyacrylonitrile) under influence of CO2 laser irradiation at the presence of air have been studied. It is shown that the magnitude of surface resistance of the investigated polymers depends on polymer type and irradiation energy. The appearance of electrical conducting regions in the polymer materials is due to laser-chemical transformations of macromolecular physical and chemical structures near the polymer plate surfaces, leading to formation of double conjugated bonds. These structures are characterized also with paramagnetic properties- by method of ESR the free radicals are discovered in the transformed regions of polymers. The obtained results practically are analogous to ones obtained in such polymers after thermal treatment at high temperatures. However there are some advantages: in the latter case for obtaining of conducting materials on the base of dielectric polymers it is necessary to use a high vacuum. Besides of such method does not allow the formation of conducting channels with desired square and configuration on the surface of polymer plates in very short time (about several seconds) at present of air.
Fibre Laser Cleaning of Grinding Wheels
Authors: Sharp Martin C , Yadav Roopesh , Batako Andre , French Paul W
Published: January 2012

The use of high power laser technology in the cleaning and dressing of grinding wheels has been the subject of several research projects worldwide and over the last 30 years. Several projects have reported beneficial outcomes however the process has not been implemented in production. The arrival of fibre lasers may provide a viable laser source for cleaning, and ultimately dressing, of wheels. This paper reports on some preliminary data confirming this potential and that supports the need for further research effort.
Comparison of Picosecond and Femtosecond Laser Ablation for Surface Engraving of Metals and Semiconductors
Authors: Lopez John , Deloison Florent , Lidolff Anne , Delaigue Martin , Hönninger Clemens , Mottay Eric
Published: January 2012

Pico and femtosecond lasers present a growing interest for industrials applications such as surface structuring [1] or thin film selective ablation [2]. Indeed, they combine the unique capacity to process any type of material (dielectrics, semiconductors, metals) with an outstanding precision and a reduced affected zone. We report on results about surface engraving of metals (Al, Cu, Mo, Ni), semiconductor (Si) and polymer (PC) using a picosecond thin disk Yb:YAG-amplifier. The pulse duration of this source can be changed using two different configurations: direct amplification of a 34ps-oscillator on one hand, and 1ps-chirped pulse amplification (CPA) scheme on the other hand. The results obtained with this thin disk laser are compared to ones achieved with two commercial femtosecond lasers respectively based on Yb-doped crystals and fibers, and operating at similar output power levels (up to 15Watt).
Ecologically Friendly Dry Machining by Cutting Tool from Layered Composition Ceramic with Nano-Scale Multilayered Coatings
Authors: Vereshchaka A.S , Vereshchaka A.A. , Kirillov A.K.
Published: January 2012

The challenges facing the development of environmentally friendly dry cutting technologies for various materials is investigated. The system used for the study includes a cutting tool equipped with inserts from layered composition ceramic with nano-scale multilayer coatings, an ionized gas medium which is supplied into the zone of cutting and the ultrasonic vibrations, which are placed to a cutting tool in the direction of the cutting speed. It is shown, that elaborated ecologically friendly dry machining not only does not match efficiency of standard machining technology with application of cutting fluid, but also in some cases surpasses it.
Calculation of Effective Ground Depth of Cut by Means of Grinding Process Model
Authors: Yamada Takazo , Morgan Michael N. , Lee Hwa Soo , Miura Kohichi
Published: January 2012

In order to obtain the effective depth of cut on the ground surface, a new grinding process model taking into account thermal expansions of the grinding wheel and the workpiece, elastic deformations of the grinding machine, the grinding wheel and the workpiece and the wheel wear was proposed. Using proposed model, the effective depth of cut was calculated using measured results of the applied depth of cut and the normal grinding force.
Wear Resistance of Coatings for the Cutting Tool
Authors: Migranov Mars
Published: January 2012

The wear resistance of tool materials with multilayered and multicomponent coatings of different chemical composition and the coating technology have been studied at various modes of cutting. Tribological features of various coatings on the cemented carbide tool and the main characteristics of cutting at the interface have been investigated for milling and turning.
Random-Access Multilevel Storage in Phase Change Memory by Staircase-Like Pulse Programming
Authors: Kobayashi Ryota , Noguchi Tomoyuki , Yin You , Hosaka Sumio
Published: January 2012

We have investigated random-access multilevel storage in phase change memory by staircase-like pulse programming. Staircase-like pulse consists of first sub-pulse and second sub-pulse. Our simulation exhibited that any resistance levels are expected to be randomly accessed by controlling the crystallization with different widths of second sub-pulset2. Based on the simulation results, we did experiment on staircase-like pulse programming. Experimental results showed that the device resistance gradually increased with reducing second sub-pulset2to 0 ns. In other words, random access to any resistance levels was demonstrated to be possible simply by changingt2.
Tunable Fiber Laser with Scanner Mirror
Authors: Takahashi Yoshitaka , Oginosawa Takatoshi
Published: January 2012

A wavelength-tunable laser is a powerful tool as light source for sensing and its research and development has been studied so far. In order to obtain a new tunable laser the authors have developed a tunable Er3+-doped fiber laser in Littman/Metcalf configuration, and incorporating a Galvano mirror, scanning of the lasing wavelength is demonstrated. For the emission range that a semiconductor-based light source hardly covers, a tunable Tm3+-Ho3+ fluoride fiber laser is also demonstrated.
Fabrication of Polymer Optical Waveguides for the 1.5-μm Band Using Focused Proton Beam
Authors: Miura Kenta , Machida Yuki , Uehara Masato , Kiryu Hiromu , Ozawa Yusuke , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Hanaizumi Osamu , Satoh Takahiro , Ishii Yasuyuki , Kohka Masashi , Takano Katsuyoshi , Ohkubo Takeru , Yamazaki Akiyoshi , Kada Wataru , Yokoyama Akihito , Kamiya Tomihiro , Nishikawa Hiroyuki
Published: January 2012

Proton beam writing (PBW) has attracted much attention recently as a next-generation micro-fabrication technology. It is a direct-drawing technique and does not need any masks to transfer micro-patterns to sample surfaces. In addition, the refractive index of a poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can be increased by proton-beam irradiation. In this study, we fabricated the first 1.5-μm-band single-mode, straight-line waveguides and Y-junction waveguides consisting of PMMA layers using the PBW technique.
Phantom Experiments on Shear Wave Velocity Measurement by Virtual Sensing Array Spectrum Estimation
Authors: Miwa Takashi , Kanzawa Kouki , Tomizawa Ryosuke , Yamakoshi Yoshiki
Published: January 2012

Quantitative shear wave velocity measurement inside the living tissue is a key technology in future qualitative diagnosis of breast tumor or liver diseases. We develop a novel shear wave velocity measurement system by using running wave number spectrum analysis of the complex displacement of the shear wave propagation excited by a single frequency. The velocity estimation method is demonstrated through the phantom experiments with the developed shear wave displacement measurement system. The validity of the measurement system is demonstrated by comparing with elastic wave simulation results. From the phantom experiments, it is shown that this method has high accuracy of velocity measurement even in the presence of large reflected waves.
Microforce Material Tester Using Small Pendulum II
Authors: Ozawa Junichi , Takita Akihiro , Azami Tomohiko , Fujii Yusaku
Published: January 2012

A method of inexpensive material tester based on the levitation mass method is improved. The tester is composed of an interferometer with Zeeman type two frequency He-Ne laser and a small pendulum as a substitute for a pneumatic linear bearing. As an example of a material tester using the pendulum, which evaluates the mechanical response of general objects against impact forces, is developed. The characteristics of the restoring force are measured under the free-swing condition. To demonstrate the performance of the developed instrument, the viscoelasticity of a gel block under an impact load is evaluated.
Development of Material Tester Using Pendulum
Authors: Ebara Hironori , Takita Akihiro , Azami Tomohiko , Fujii Yusaku
Published: January 2012

The requirements for evaluating the mechanical characteristics of materials have increased in the various industrial, research and the applications such as materials testing. Therefore, the authors have proposed a method for measuring force acting a material using pendulum [1]. In the Material tester, the mechanical characteristics of material against small force are measured by means of the pendulum mechanism based on the levitation mass method (LMM) [2,3,4].In the LMM, the Doppler shift frequency is measured for measuring the inertial force. The Doppler shift frequency of a laser beam reflected from the mass is accurately measured by using optical interferometer. The velocity, position, acceleration and inertia force of the mass are calculated from the measured time-varying Doppler shift frequency. Thus, the accurate measure of frequency makes that of force.
A Design Method for Control System to Attenuate Unknown Input Andoutput Disturbances Using Disturbance Observers
Authors: Yamada Kou , Sakanushi Tatsuya , Murakami Iwanori , Ando Yoshinori , Nakui Yuki , Gong Da Zhi
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we examine a design method for control system to attenuate unknown inputand output disturbances using disturbance observers. The disturbance observers have been usedto estimate the disturbance in the plant. Several papers on design methods of disturbance observershave been published. Recently, parameterizations of all disturbance observers and all linear functionaldisturbance observers for plants with any input and output disturbances were clarified. If parameterizationsof all disturbance observers and all linear functional disturbance observers for any input andoutput disturbances are used, there is a possibility that we can design control systems to attenuate unknowninput and output disturbances effectively. However, no paper has examined a design methodfor control system using parameterizations of all disturbance observers and all linear functional disturbanceobservers for plants with any input and output disturbances. In this paper, in order to attenuateunknown input and output disturbances effectively, we propose a design method for control systemusing parameterizations of all disturbance observers and all linear functional disturbance observersfor plants with any input and output disturbances. In addition, control characteristics of the proposedcontrol system are clarified.
A Design Method for Internal Model Controllers for Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output Unstable Plant
Authors: Mai Nghia Thi , Yamada Kou , Murakami Iwanori , Ando Yoshinori , Hagiwara Takaaki , Hoshikawa Tatsuya , Hosoya Masafumi
Published: January 2012

In the present paper, we examine the parameterization of all stabilizing Internal Model Controllers(IMC) for multiple-input/multiple-output unstable plant. The parameterization problem is theproblem in which all stabilizing controllers for a plant are sought [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. Since this parameterizationcan successfully search for all proper stabilizing controllers, it is used as a tool for manycontrol problems. However, there exists a problem whether or not stabilizing controllers for unstableplant can be represented by IMC structure. The IMC structure has advantages such as closed-loop stabilityis assured simply by choosing a stable IMC parameter. Additionally, closed-loop performancecharacteristics are related directly to controller parameters, which makes on-line tuning of the IMCvery convenient[6]. The solution to this problem, Morari and Zafiriou[6] examined the parameterizationof all stabilizing IMC for unstable plant. Their parameterization remains difficulties. Their internalmodel is not necessarily proper. In addition, their parameterization includes improper IMC. In order toovercome these problems, Chen et al. proposed a design method for IMC for minimum-phase unstableplant[17]. However, the method proposed by Chen et al. cannot apply for multiple-input/multipleoutputunstable plant. Because many of actual plants are multiple-input/multiple-output plants, consideringfor multiple-input/multiple-output unstable plant is important. In this paper, we propose theparameterization of all proper stabilizing IMC for multiple-input/multiple-output unstable plant suchthat the IMC and the internal model are proper. In addition, we present an application of the result forcontroller design for multiple-input/multiple-output time-delay plant.
The Parameterization of All Plants Stabilized by Proportional Controller Formultiple-Input/Multiple-Output Plant
Authors: Hagiwara Takaaki , Yamada Kou , Aoyama Satoshi , Hoang An Chinh
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we examine the parameterization of all plants stabilized by a proportionalcontroller for multiple-input/multiple-output plant. A proportional controller is a kind of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers. PID controller structure is the most widely used one in industrialapplications. Recently, if stabilizing PID controllers for the plant exist, the parameterization of allstabilizing PID controllers has been considered. However, no paper examines the parameterizationof all plants stabilized by a PID controller. In this paper, we clarify the parameterization of all plantsstabilized by a proportional controller for multiple-input/multiple-output plant. In addition, we presentthe parameterization of all stabilizing proportional controllers for the plant stabilized by a proportionalcontroller.
Ionic Conductivity of Li2ZnTi3O8 Single Crystal
Authors: Furusawa Shinichi , Ochiai Hiroshi , Murayama Khoji
Published: January 2012

Single crystals of lithium zinc titanate (Li2ZnTi3O8) were grown in a double-mirror type optical floating-zone furnace for the first time. Single crystals were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and Laue measurements. The ionic conductivity of the single crystals was measured in the temperature range of 400–700 K. Below 600 K, the ionic conductivity of the single crystal is one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of polycrystalline Li2ZnTi3O8. In the temperature range of 550–600 K, the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity shows non-Arrhenius behaviour.
Architecture of High-Efficiency Digitally-Controlled Class-E Power Amplifier
Authors: Ye Jia Ni , Nosker Zachary , Wakabayashi Kazuyuki , Yagi Takuya , Yamamoto Osamu , Takai Nobukazu , Niitsu Kiichi , Kato Keisuke , Ootsuki Takao , Akiyama Isao , Kobayashi Haruo
Published: January 2012

This paper describes the analysis and design of digitally-controlled class-E power amplifiers, which are suitable for fine CMOS implementation. Two methods for implementing digitally-controlled class-E(-like) amplifiers have already been proposed: using NMOS switch arrays or digital PWM. In this paper we analyze the operation and efficiency of these methods, and then we propose combining them to achieve higher efficiency.
Single Inductor DC-DC Converter with Independent Bipolar Outputs Using Charge Pump
Authors: Takai Nobukazu , Takahashi Kenji , Yokoo Hajime , Miwa Shunsuke , Tsushida Kengo , Iwase Hiroyuki , Murakami Kazuki , Kobayashi Haruo , Odaguchi Takahiro , Takayama Shigeki , Oomori Takeshi , Nakanishi Isao , Nemoto Kenji , Matsuda Junichi
Published: January 2012

This paper describes a bipolar output DC-DC converter that uses a single inductor for size andcost reduction. We propose a timing diagram for a charge pump circuit which generates the negative outputvoltage, and present its con guration, operation principle and simulation results. We also show that employingpseudo-continuous conduction mode improves cross-regulation between the two outputs.
A Study of Spin and Orbital Magnetic Form Factors of CeRh3B2  by X-Ray Magnetic Diffraction
Authors: Ito Masahisa , Nagayasu Ryota , Tadenuma Tatsuki , Suzuki Kosuke , Sato Ayako , Adachi Hiromichi , Sakurai Yoshiharu , Ōnuki Yoshichika
Published: January 2012

An experimental method of X-ray magnetic diffraction was applied to the ferromagnetic rare-earth compound CeRh3B2, and its spin and orbital magnetic form factors were measured independently for the first time. Our curve-fitting analysis shows that the orbital magnetic form factor is reproduced by the calculated atomic-model form factor of Ce-4f electrons under the dipole approximation. The comparison of the sum of form factors and the total magnetic form factor measured by the polarized neutron diffraction reveals anisotropic distribution of the magnetic moment in real space.
Effect of B2O3 or SiO2 Fluxes on Morphology and Size of Pr-Doped CaTiO3 Phosphor Particles and on their Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Kyomen Toru , Motani Ryuta , Hanaya Minoru
Published: January 2012

Powder of Pr-doped CaTiO3 red phosphor was prepared at 1473 K by a conventional solid-state reaction method with addition of B2O3 or SiO2 as a flux. Primary particle sizes of the prepared samples were increased by using B2O3 flux but decreased by using SiO2 flux. Clear planes, edges, or steps were observed on surfaces of the primary particles. The intensity of photoluminescence induced by irradiation of light with a wavelength longer than ∼350 nm was enhanced about three times by using B2O3 flux. The intensity of photoluminescence induced by irradiation of light with a wavelength shorter than ∼350 nm was enhanced about twice by using either B2O3 or SiO2 fluxes. The origin for the flux effects is discussed.
Synthesis and Properties of Molecular Beacon DNA Probe Bearing Novel Silylated Pyrene Derivative
Authors: Uddin M. Gias , Moriguchi Tomohisa , Ichimura Mayumi , Shinozuka Kazuo
Published: January 2012

A novel stem-loop structured fluorescent oligoDNA probe (molecular beacon probe) bearing a silylated pyrene derivative at C-5 position of deoxyuridine has been synthesized. The fluorescently labeled modified nucleoside has been incorporated into two consecutive positions in the stem segment of the DNA using an automated DNA synthesizer. The resulting modified DNA exhibited an excimer fluorescent signal upon binding to the fully matched complementary DNA strand. The excimer emission was, however, effectively quenched while it stays alone or it hybridizes to a single base mismatched complementary target.
Release Behavior of W/O/W-Type Microcapsule
Authors: Uehara Masumi , Yoshinaga Yuuka , Ogawa Tomohiro , Maki Yasuyuki , Takeno Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Takao , Ichikawa Kimio , Dobashi Toshiaki
Published: January 2012

We have prepared W/O/W-type microcapsules with polyureaurethane wall membrane and aqueous core containing methylene blue by means of the double emulsification method and the effect of the rate of agitation at the twice emulsification on the release of methylene blue to dispersing methanol was examined. The release curve was expressed fairly well by the streched exponential form: where C(t) and Ceq are the concentrations of methylene blue in the dispersing methanol at time t and at the equilibrium state, respectively. The time constant τ increased and the exponent α decreased with increasing the rate of agitation at the second emulsification, whereas τ decreased and α was constant with increasing the rate of agitation at the first emulsification. These differences are discussed from a viewpoint of inhomogeneity of the microcapsule wall membrane.
Carbon-Supported PtRuRh Nanoparticles as a Catalyst for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Nakagawa Nobuyoshi , Watanabe Takashi , Wagatsuma Masatsugu , Tsujiguchi Takuya
Published: January 2012

Carbon-supported PtRuRh nanoparticles, PtRuRh/C, were prepared by an impregnation method as a new anode catalyst with a high activity for ethanol oxidation in a direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC). PtRuRh (2:1:1)/C, of which the metal loading and the metal particle diameter was 40 wt% and 6.7 nm, respectively, with the metal composition of 2:1:1 for Pt:Ru:Rh, showed a higher oxidation current at a certain electrode potential compared to that of PtRu (1:1)/C and Pt/C prepared in a similar manner. The DEFC with PtRuRh (2:1:1)/C as the anode catalyst generated about a 1.5 times and 3 times higher electric power compared to that of PtRu (1:1)/C and Pt/C, respectively, with 2M ethanol.
Observation of Magnetic Compton Profile of Interface Controlled Co/Pd Multilayer
Authors: Suzuki Kosuke , Go Naoto , Emoto Shun , Yamaki Ryutaro , Itou Masayoshi , Sakurai Yoshiharu , Sakurai Hiroshi
Published: January 2012

We compare two Co/Pd multilayers with correspondingly smooth and rough interfaces. The first is a Co (1.5 nm)/Pd (2.6 nm) multilayer with a smooth interface deposited by the MBE technique, and the second is a Co (1.6 nm)/Pd (4.0 nm) multilayer with a rough interface deposited by the sputter technique. Both multilayers have almost the same perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy, 1.15 Merg/cc for the Co (1.5 nm)/Pd (2.6 nm) multilayer and 1.20 Merg/cc for the Co (1.6 nm)/Pd (4.0 nm) multilayer, respectively. The symmetry of the wave function, which is measured using the magnetic Compton profile, is almost the same for both multilayers. This suggests that the smooth interface controls the wave function and enhances the PMA energy even if the Co/Pd multilayer has a thinner Pd layer.
Heat-Treatment and Nitrogen-Doping of Activated Carbons for High Voltage Operation of Electric Double Layer Capacitor
Authors: Shiraishi Soshi
Published: January 2012

The electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is considered to be one of the promising systems for electric energy storage. Both the optimization of the micropore structure of the activated carbon electrode and the higher voltage operation of the EDLC are necessary for improving the energy density of the EDLC. Thus, there are already many research examples related to the former. The author focused on the latter to achieve a breakthrough in the energy density. The author will introduce the recent results of the surface modification using nitrogen monoxide and the heat-treatment above 1000°C for the activated carbon electrode.
Parametric Analysis of the Models of Confinement of the Concrete Column
Authors: Ait Tahar Kamal , Taouche F. , Bouamra Y.
Published: January 2012

Existing models for the concrete confined show a great respect in terms of effectiveness of confinement. The concrete confinement which consists in preventing these strains can be carried out either by an external envelope, or by a weak spacing between the stirrups. All models consist of some modification factors multiplying the unconfined concrete properties; these modification factors depend on the strength ratio and the confinement level. The relation of the ultimate strength ‘and ultimate strain in many existing models is complexity by representing. Each author gauges his model according to the experimental data. In this study, we present the results of a parametric analysis of some the most used models of confinement. The results show that the models of confinement have an important disparity between the values of the strength (fCC) and axial ultimate strain (εcc) of confined concrete.
A New Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Hachimi H. , Ellaia Rachid , El Hami A.
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we present a new hybrid algorithm which is a combination of a hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization. We focus in this research on a hybrid method combining two heuristic optimization techniques, genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for the global optimization. Denoted asGA-PSO, this hybrid technique incorporates concepts fromGAandPSOand creates individuals in a new generation not only by crossover and mutation operations as found inGAbut also by mechanisms ofPSO. The performance of the two algorithms has been evaluated using several experiments.
Dynamic Characterization of API 5L X52 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Belalia A. , Rahmani A. , Lenkey G.B. , Pluvinage G. , Azari Z.
Published: January 2012

The objective of this study is examining the level of degradation caused by the welding process, the influence of defects by third parties and the speed of loading on the integrity of the pipeline. The use of Charpy instrumented pendulium coupled with the the volumetric method analysis allowed us to calculate the dynamic fracture toughness of the API 5L X52 pipeline steel in presence of a real defect characterized by its notch radius but also, to show the need for a second parameter to overcome the problem of fracture toughness transferability.
Researches Concerning Structural and Mechanical Behavior of Sandwich Composite Polymeric Products
Authors: OPRAN Constantin Gheorghe , Bivolaru Cătălina , Murar Diana
Published: January 2012

The sandwich composite polymeric products have a wide utilization in various fileds like aircraft and automotive construction, load bearing structures, sports equipment, more specifically, wherever weight-saving is required. Sandwich composites polymeric products represent excellent examples of the potential offered by composite materials. The combination of two composite faces and a lightweight polystyrene core allows obtaining a high flexural stiffness with a weak mass. This paper deals with the analysis of the structural and mechanical behavior properties of the core, adhesive and faces, for sandwich composite polymeric products. There are also presented the investigation results on how different specific factors like: mechanical and structural behavior, interface between the faces and core, constant force resistance in time, the reinforcing elements (fiber glass), the polyester core do influence the machinability of sandwich composites polymeric products..
Applying of Integral Equation of Volterra for Determining the Section Forces in Composite Beam, Regarding Shrinkage of Concrete
Authors: Rahal Nacer , Tehami Mohamed , Souici Abdelaziz , Houda Beghdad
Published: January 2012

During time, the equilibrium state of a steel-concrete mixed beam progresses under the concrete shrinkage. In this context, a contribution to the search of the time-dependant behaviour of mixed beams, including the shrinkage phenomenon of the concrete slab, is dealt with in this paper. The influence of the concrete shrinkage, taking into account the slab reinforcement contribution, on the strength of the mixed beams is taken into account using the linear concrete viscoelasticity theory. With the help of this theory we obtain an analytic model, based on two linear differential equations that result in the over-time-behaviour of the steel-concrete mixed beams. From this model we can determine, at any time t, the values of the normal force and bending moment due to the concrete shrinkage. So it allows us to give an account of the stress state evolution developed in the cross sections of the steel-concrete mixed beams. The results obtained from the application of the suggested model are completely comparable with the results derived by the method proposed by EUROCODE 4
An Analytical-Numerical Approach Concerning the Stresses and Deformations in Single-Strapped Adhesively Bonded Joints
Authors: Sandu Adriana , Sandu Marin , Constantinescu Dan Mihai
Published: January 2012

In this paper, starting from analytic relations presented in literature, a more general approach was obtained in order to evaluate the load capacity of single strapped joints in the cases when the adherends are right or tapered in the overlap zone. Two distinct loading cases, in tension and in bending, are considered. The analytical relations were validated by nonlinear finite element analyses. The comparison with the similar results of the linear analyses emphasized that only the nonlinear approach is appropriate to study the stress states in unsymmetrical joints, even if the adhesive can be considered as an isotropic and homogenous material. For design purposes, the influence of some geometrical parameters on the stress state in the joint was also evaluated.
Development of an Adhesion Test for Characterizing the Interface Fiber/Polymer Matrix
Authors: Hassoune-Rhabbour Bouchra , Poussines Laurence , Nassiet Valérie
Published: January 2012

There are several models on the relationship structures and properties of the composite fiber / matrix interface [1]. Including literature proposes the development of micromechanical tests suitable for assessing the shear strength of the interface fiber / polymer matrix. The first test which allowed to characterize the fiber / matrix interface is the pull-out test developed by Broutman [2]. It consists in extracting the fiber from the matrix that can be in block form, gout or disk of resin. To reduce the variation in results due to the geometries used, it was agreed to use a drop of resin with small dimensions. The test is to characterize the fiber / matrix interface of natural thermosetting or thermoplastic by determining the shear stress.
Three-Dimensional T-Stress to Predict the Directional Stability of Crack Propagation in a Pipeline with External Surface Crack
Authors: Moustabchir H. , Azari Z. , Hariri S. , Dmytrakh I.
Published: January 2012

In industrial structures, the presence of cracks under critical loads leads to complete ruin. Fracture rupture mechanics allowed studying macroscopic defect harmfulness. This requires the knowledge of the stresses fields and the deformations near of the crack. Our work is an application of fracture mechanics into the domain of the pressurised structures with defects in the presence of the T-stress parameter. Design of this type of structures is subjected to standards, codes and regulations driven by the potential risk which they represent. The knowledge of the limit pressures in these structures allows appreciating the safety domain of. We present numerical solutions by the commercial code CASTEM2000 in three dimensional 3D and experimental results for the stress intensity factor SIF and the transverse stress noted T-stress, distribution at defect-tip in a Pipeline. The elastic structure modelling will be treated by the finites elements simulation. We study the influence of the geometrical parameters for surface notches and the measures of strains near defects in the studied model have been made by strain gauges. On the basis of the detailed 3D elastic FE analysis results, solutions presented are believed to be the most accurate, and thus provide valuable information for structural integrity assessment considering a notch-tip constraint. The experimental results validate allow numerical simulation. Keywords: Crack, Pressure, T-stress, Stress Intensity factor, Finite element simulation, Strain gauges,