bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Driving forces of land surface temperature anomalous changes in North America in 2002–2018
Authors: Yan Yibo , Mao Kebiao , Shi Jiancheng , Piao Shilong , Shen Xinyi , Dozier Jeff , Liu Yungang , Ren Hong-li , Bao Qing
Published: April 2020

The land surface temperature (LST) changes in North America are very abnormal recently, but few studies have systematically researched these anomalies from several aspects, especially the influencing forces. After reconstructing higher quality MODIS monthly LST data (0.05° * 0.05°) in 2002–2018, we analyzed the LST changes especially anomalous changes and their driving forces in North America. Here we show that North America warmed at the rate of 0.02 °C/y. The LST changes in three regions, including frigid region in the northwestern (0.12 °C/y), the west coast from 20°N–40°N (0.07 °C/y), and the tropics south of 20°N (0.04 °C/y), were extremely abnormal. The El Nino and La Nina were the main drivers for the periodical highest and lowest LST, respectively. The North Atlantic Oscillation was closed related to the opposite change of LST in the northeastern North America and the southeastern United States, and the warming trend of the Florida peninsula in winter was closely related to enhancement of the North Atlantic Oscillation index. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation index showed a positive correlation with the LST in most Alaska. Vegetation and atmospheric water vapor also had a profound influence on the LST changes, but it had obvious difference in latitude.
A polyp-on-chip for coral long-term culture
Authors: Pang Ai-Ping , Luo Yongsheng , He Chunpeng , Lu Zuhong , Lu Xiaolin
Published: April 2020

Coral polyps are basic clonal biological units of reef corals. However, in vitro experimental model for long-term physiological and ecological studies has not been well developed due to the difficulty of effectively acquiring and culturing single polyps. This study developed an experimental platform based on microfluidics for culturing single coral polyps and tracing its growth state over time in the long run. The corresponding computational modeling was conducted to predict the metabolic processes under the static and dynamic conditions by coupling the mass transfer and reaction with Navier-Stokes equations. Design and fabrication of the microfluidic chip was the key to provide a constant laminar flow environment that enabled the controlled high oxygen and bicarbonate transfer for the cultivation of the single coral polyps. The single coral polyps were induced to bail out of the coral reef upon the chemical stress and cultured for more than fifteen days in the microfluidic chip. It was found that the single coral polyps in the microfluidic chip can maintain their normal metabolic process over the cultivation period, suggesting that our microfluidic platform can serve as a suitable tool to study the coral polyps by providing a controllable and suitable biological microenvironment.
Transcriptome profiling of spike provides expression features of genes related to terpene biosynthesis in lavender
Authors: Guo Danli , Kang Kaicheng , Wang Pu , Li Min , Huang Xianzhong
Published: April 2020

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is an important economic plant because of the value of its essential oil (EO). The Yili Valley in Xinjiang has become the largest lavender planting base in China. However, there is a lack of research on the gene expression regulation of EO biosynthesis and metabolism in local varieties. Here, de novo transcriptome analysis of inflorescence of three development stages from initial flower bud to flowering stage 50% from two lavender cultivars with contrasting EO production revealed the dynamics of 100,177 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in various stages of spike development within and across the cultivars. The lavender transcriptome contained 77 DETs with annotations related to terpenoid biosynthesis. The expression profiles of the 27 genes involved in the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, 22 genes in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, 28 genes related to monoterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis during inflorescence development were comprehensively characterized, and possible links between the expression changes of genes and contents of EO constituents were explored. The upregulated genes were mainly concentrated in the MEP pathway, while most genes in the MVA pathway were downregulated during flower development, and cultivars with a higher EO content presented higher expression of genes in the MEP pathway, indicating that EOs were chiefly produced through the MEP pathway. Additionally, MYB transcription factors constituted the largest number of transcripts in all samples, suggesting their potential roles in regulating EO biosynthesis. The sequences and transcriptional patterns of the transcripts will be helpful for understanding the molecular basis of lavender terpene biosynthesis.
Birds have peramorphic skulls, too: anatomical network analyses reveal oppositional heterochronies in avian skull evolution
Authors: Plateau Olivia , Foth Christian
Published: April 2020

In contrast to the vast majority of reptiles, the skulls of adult crown birds are characterized by a high degree of integration due to bone fusion, e.g., an ontogenetic event generating a net reduction in the number of bones. To understand this process in an evolutionary context, we investigate postnatal ontogenetic changes in the skulls of crown bird and non-avian theropods using anatomical network analysis (AnNA). Due to the greater number of bones and bone contacts, early juvenile crown birds have less integrated skulls, resembling their non-avian theropod ancestors, includingArchaeopteryx lithographicaandIchthyornis dispars. Phylogenetic comparisons indicate that skull bone fusion and the resulting modular integration represent a peramorphosis (developmental exaggeration of the ancestral adult trait) that evolved late during avialan evolution, at the origin of crown-birds. Succeeding the general paedomorphic shape trend, the occurrence of an additional peramorphosis reflects the mosaic complexity of the avian skull evolution.
Crotonylation of key metabolic enzymes regulates carbon catabolite repression in Streptomyces roseosporus
Authors: Sun Chen-Fan , Xu Wei-Feng , Zhao Qing-Wei , Luo Shuai , Chen Xin-Ai , Li Yong-Quan , Mao Xu-Ming
Published: April 2020

Due to the plethora natural products made by Streptomyces, the regulation of its metabolism are of great interest, whereas there is a lack of detailed understanding of the role of posttranslational modifications (PTM) beyond traditional transcriptional regulation. Herein with Streptomyces roseosporus as a model, we showed that crotonylation is widespread on key enzymes for various metabolic pathways, and sufficient crotonylation in primary metabolism and timely elimination in secondary metabolism are required for proper Streptomyces metabolism. Particularly, the glucose kinase Glk, a keyplayer of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) regulating bacterial metabolism, is identified reversibly crotonylated by the decrotonylase CobB and the crotonyl-transferase Kct1 to negatively control its activity. Furthermore, crotonylation positively regulates CCR for Streptomyces metabolism through modulation of the ratio of glucose uptake/Glk activity and utilization of carbon sources. Thus, our results revealed a regulatory mechanism that crotonylation globally regulates Streptomyces metabolism at least through positive modulation of CCR.
Towards materials discovery: assays for screening and study of chemical interactions of novel corrosion inhibitors in solution and coatings
Authors: White Paul A. , Collis Gavin E. , Skidmore Melissa , Breedon Michael , Ganther Wayne D. , Venkatesan Kishore
Published: April 2020

Using chemical design, computational modelling, structure–activity and structure–property relationships, with high-throughput solution and coating assays we can rapidly identify prime corrosion inhibitor candidates for further detailed evaluation.
Supercritical CO2-assisted amorphization of WO2.72and its high-efficiency photothermal conversion
Authors: Li Youzeng , Yan Pengfei , Guo Cang , Xu Qun
Published: April 2020

Amorphization of WO2.72was successfully achieved with the assistance of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2). Amorphous SC CO2-treated sample has strong optical absorbance and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of 52.5% indicates they can be a promising photothermal agent.
Strain release – an old tool for new transformations
Authors: Turkowska Joanna , Durka Jakub , Gryko Dorota
Published: April 2020

This Feature Article provides an overview of research advances in the chemistry of spring-loaded molecules, focusing mainly on strain-release transformations.
BF3-Etherate-catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-formylarylketones with electron-rich arenes/heteroarenes: an assembly of isobenzofurans
Authors: Mishra Pawan K. , Kumar Ankit , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: April 2020

An efficient and BF3·Et2O-catalyzed chemoselective synthesis of diversified 1,3-diarylisobenzofuran in a high yield has been described.
Dual-responsive luminescent sensors based on two Cd-MOFs: rare enhancement toward acac and quenching toward Cr2O72−
Authors: Yu Yu'e , Wang Yuhao , Xu Haijun , Lu Jing , Wang Huaiwei , Li Dacheng , Dou Jianmin , Li Yunwu , Wang Suna
Published: April 2020

Two luminescent Cd-MOFs were employed as dual-responsive luminescence sensors to detect acac and Cr2O72− through turn-on and turn-off mechanisms.
Twisting and bending photo-excited phenylethynylbenzenes – a theoretical analysis
Authors: Hodecker Manuel , Driscoll Alexis M. , Bunz Uwe H. F. , Dreuw Andreas
Published: April 2020

Phenylethynylbenzenes exhibit a rich photochemistry changing dramatically with different ring orientation, as quantum-chemical calculations reveal for 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene showing different optical properties than its smaller relative tolan.
Structure and magnetic properties of a novel heteroheptanuclear metal string complex [Ni3Ru2Ni2(μ7-teptra)4(NCS)2](PF6)
Authors: Chiu Cheng-Chang , Cheng Ming-Chuan , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Yan Cheng-Wei , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Chang Mu-Chieh , Lin Tien-Sung , Peng Shie-Ming
Published: April 2020

A novel heteroheptanuclear metal string complex was synthesized by using nickel and ruthenium metal ions to explore the electronic structure and magnetic property.
A sustainable strategy for the assembly of Glypromate® and its structurally-related analogues by tandem sequential peptide coupling
Authors: Sampaio-Dias Ivo E. , Pinto da Silva Luís , Silva Sandra G. , García-Mera Xerardo , Rodríguez-Borges José E.
Published: April 2020

A greener and efficient one-pot methodology for the assembly of Glypromate® and its structurally-related analogues by tandem sequential peptide coupling.
A direct conversion of blast furnace slag to a mesoporous silica–calcium oxide composite and its application in CO2 captures
Authors: Kuwahara Yasutaka , Hanaki Aiko , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: April 2020

A facile and cost-effective approach is presented that converts blast furnace slag into a mesoporous silica-CaO composite possessing high CO2 adsorption performance.
Clean synthesis of linear and star amphiphilic poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethyl ethylene phosphonate) block copolymers: assessing self-assembly and surface activity
Authors: Baheti Payal , Rheinberger Timo , Gimello Olinda , Bouilhac Cécile , Wurm Frederik R. , Lacroix-Desmazes Patrick , Howdle Steven M.
Published: April 2020

Synthesis by ROP of star-like amphiphilic block copolymer surfactants composed of PCL hydrophobic segments and poly(phosphonate) as biodegradable segments.
Hydrodecarboxylation of fatty acids into liquid hydrocarbons over a commercial Ru/C catalyst under mild conditions
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Okejiri Francis , Li Yafei , Li Jing , Fu Jie
Published: April 2020

100% stearic acid conversion can be achieved at even 160 °C alongside a 90.1% yield of heptadecane.
Simultaneous adsorption of a ternary mixture of brilliant green, rhodamine B and methyl orange as artificial wastewater onto biochar from cocoa pod husk waste. Quantification of dyes using the derivative spectrophotometry method
Authors: Córdova Bryan M. , Santa Cruz Jean P. , Ocampo M. Tony V. , Huamani-Palomino Ronny G. , Baena-Moncada Angélica María
Published: April 2020

Biochar obtained from cocoa pod husk waste for the simultaneous adsorption of a ternary mixture of brilliant green, rhodamine B and methyl orange.
Proton conduction in two Cu/Zn dimer-based hydrogen-bonded supramolecular frameworks from imidazole multi-carboxylate
Authors: Wang Qingxu , Ye Zhejun , Shi Guoqing , Guo Kaimeng , Li Gang
Published: April 2020

At 98% RH and 100 °C, two dimer-based HSFs show the best σ values of 3.13 × 10−4 S cm−1 for 1 and 0.55 × 10−4 S cm−1 for 2, which can be compared to the values of reported HSFs.
Circumvention of common labelling artefacts using secondary nanobodies
Authors: Sograte-Idrissi Shama , Schlichthaerle Thomas , Duque-Afonso Carlos J. , Alevra Mihai , Strauss Sebastian , Moser Tobias , Jungmann Ralf , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Opazo Felipe
Published: April 2020

Secondary nanobodies can minimize probe-induced clusters artefacts. Their small size also allows fast sample penetration, and their monovalent binding enables multiplex staining using primaries from the same species.
One-pot quaternization of dual-responsive poly(vinyl alcohol) with AIEgens for pH-switchable imaging and killing of bacteria
Authors: Wang Jin , Gao Meng , Cui Zhong-Kai , Jia Yong-Guang , Liu Sa , Chen Kai-Feng , Chen Xiaohui , Zhang Yiqing , Fang Zhou , Chen Yunhua , Wang Kaojin , Zhang Huatang , Wang Lin , Ren Li
Published: April 2020

Dual-responsive poly(vinyl alcohol) derivatives bearing AIEgens and quaternary ammonium moieties were prepared through a facile one-pot quaternization for the pH-switchable imaging and killing of bacteria.
Turn-on fluorescence sensors based on dynamic intramolecular N→B-coordination
Authors: Koch Raphael , Sun Yu , Orthaber Andreas , Pierik Antonio J. , Pammer Frank
Published: April 2020

A series of ten aryl-triazole-functionalized boranes bearing BMes2-groups and capable of forming intramolecular five-membered N→B-coordinated heterocycles, has been prepared by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition.
Preparation of a mechanically interlocked polymer from a linear supramolecular polymer
Authors: Zhang Zibin , Sun Kechang , Jin Leqiong , Xie Chunsong , Li Shijun
Published: April 2020

We transformed a linear supramolecular polymer into a mechanically interlocked polymer by photoisomerization.
Organocatalytic 1,5-trifluoromethylthio-sulfonylation of vinylcyclopropane mediated by visible light in the water phase
Authors: Liu Junkai , Yao Hong , Li Xinnan , Wu Hongyu , Lin Aijun , Yao Hequan , Xu Jinyi , Xu Shengtao
Published: April 2020

1,2-Difunctionalization has developed into a robust tool for the preparation of complex organic molecules, and remote difunctionalization has also aroused widespread interest to achieve pluripotency of difunctionalization.
Synthesis and electrochemical performance of Co1−xNixS QDs as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Chuai Mingyan , Zhang Hongpeng , Tong Yu , Zhang Kewei , Zhang Mingzhe
Published: April 2020

Ni atom doping increases the density of Co's and S's empty electron states and increases the specific capacitance.
Asymmetric alkyl diamine based Dion–Jacobson low-dimensional perovskite solar cells with efficiency exceeding 15%
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Dong Qingshun , Zhang Jiangwei , Wang Shi , Chen Min , Zhao Chunyi , Hu Mingyu , Jin Shengye , Padture Nitin P. , Shi Yantao
Published: April 2020

DMAPA2+ as a diammonium spacer cation to balance high efficiency and high stability for low-dimensional Dion–Jacobson perovskite solar cells.
Ultrafast spectroscopic investigation of the effect of solvent additives on charge photogeneration and recombination dynamics in non-fullerene organic photovoltaic blends
Authors: Yang Qingqing , Li Xitong , Tang Hao , Li Youzhan , Fu Yingying , Li Zhanguo , Xie Zhiyuan
Published: April 2020

The effects of DIO and CN additives on the neat and PBDB-TF:IT-4F blend film morphologies and the related ultrafast photophysical processes are studied.
Tricolor fluorescence switching in a single component mechanochromic molecular material
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Ju , Gierschner Johannes , Park Soo Young
Published: April 2020

Reversible tricolor switching in a mechanochromic α-dicyanodistyrylbenzene molecule has been developed. The tricolor switching (blue, orange, and green) is implemented by external stimuli of heat, solvent-vapor exposure, and mechanical force.
Localised magnetism in 2D electrides
Authors: Badrtdinov Danis I. , Nikolaev Sergey A.
Published: April 2020

We present a rigorous first-principles based theoretical study of electronic and magnetic properties in layered electrides LaBr2 and La2Br5.
Silencing of LncRNA PVT1 inhibits the proliferation, migration and fibrosis of high glucose-induced mouse mesangial cells via targeting microRNA-93-5p
Authors: Li Jianzhou , Zhao Qing , Jin Xiaohong , Li Yanhua , Song Jian
Published: April 2020

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) on high glucose (HG)-induced mouse mesangial cells (MMCs).

Methods: PVT1 expression in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice and HG-induced MMCs was detected by qRT-PCR. EdU and Colony formation, Annexin V-PI staining, Muse cell cycle, Scratch, and Transwell assays were performed to detect the cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion, respectively. The contents of fibrosis factors in cell-culture supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot was performed to detect the expression of factors involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, migration and invasion, fibrosis, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The targeting relation between miR-93-5p and PVT1 was predicted by StarBase3.0 (an online software for analyzing the targeting relationship) and identified by Dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay.

Results: PVT1 was overexpressed in DN kidney tissues and HG-induced MMCs. HG-induced MMCs exhibited significantly increased EdU-positive cells, cell colonies, S and G2/M phase cells, migration and invasion ability, and contents of fibrosis factors, as well as significantly decreased apoptosis rate compared with NG-induced MMCs. HG significantly up-regulated Bcl-2, CyclinD1, CDK4, N-cadherin, vimentin, Col. IV, FN, TGF-β1 and PAI-1, and down-regulated Bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and E-cadherin in MMCs. Silencing of PVT1 eliminated the effects of HG in MMCs and blocked PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. MiR-93-5p was a target of PVT1, which eliminated the effects of PVT1 on HG-induced MMCs.

Conclusions: PVT1 silencing inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and fibrosis, promoted the apoptosis, and blocked PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in HG-induced MMCs via up-regulating miR-93-5p.
Speech-Language Pathology Practices for Adults With Right Hemisphere Stroke: What Are We Missing?
Authors: Ramsey Ashley , Blake Margaret Lehman
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Limited evidence exists to guide the assessment and treatment of cognitive-communication disorders associated with right hemisphere stroke. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') clinical practices and decision making for this population to understand what practices are being used and identify gaps in clinical practice.

Method

A survey was distributed via online ASHA Communities for the Special Interest Groups and other social media platforms. Respondents included 143 SLPs from across the United States representing 3–50 years of experience and a wide range of practice settings. Survey questions probed assessment practices including how tests are selected, what tests are used to diagnose specific deficits, and how confident SLPs were in their diagnoses. Treatment decisions were queried for a small set of disorders.

Results

SLPs routinely assess cognitive disorders using standardized tests. Communication disorders are less likely to be formally assessed. Three core right cerebral hemisphere deficits—anosognosia, aprosodia, and pragmatic deficits—are either not assessed or assessed only through observation by 80% of SLPs. Evidence-based treatments are commonly used for disorders of attention, awareness, and aprosodia.

Conclusion

Communication disorders are less likely to be formally assessed than cognitive disorders, creating a critical gap in care that cannot be filled by other allied health professionals. Suggestions for free or low-cost resources for evaluating pragmatics, prosody, and awareness are provided to aid SLPs in filling this gap.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12159597
Automatic food recognition system for middle‐eastern cuisines
Authors: Qaraqe Marwa , Usman Muhammad , Ahmad Kashif , Sohail Amir , Boyaci Ali
Published: April 2020

The concerns for a healthier diet are increasing day by day, especially in diabetics wherein the aim of healthier diet can only be achieved by keeping a track of daily food intake and glucose‐level. As a consequence, there is an ever‐increasing need for automatic tools able to help diabetics to manage their diet and also help physicians to better analyse the effects of various types of food on the glucose‐level of diabetics. In this paper, we propose an intelligent food recognition and tracking system for diabetics, which is potentially an essential part of a mobile application that we propose to couple food intake with the blood glucose‐level using glucose measuring sensors. For food recognition, we rely on several feature extraction and classification techniques individually and jointly using an early and three different late fusion techniques, namely (i) Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO), (ii) Genetic Algorithms (GA) based fusion and (iii) simple averaging. Moreover, we also evaluate the performance of several handcrafted and deep features and compare the results against state‐of‐the‐art. In addition, we collect a large‐scale dataset containing images from several types of local Middle‐Eastern food, which is intended to become a powerful support tool for future research in the domain.
AHP–neutrosophic decision model for selection of relay node in wireless body area network
Authors: Bilandi Naveen , Verma Harsh K. , Dhir Renu
Published: April 2020

The medical health systems empowered by wireless body area networks (WBANs) are becoming a reliable technology with unmatched facilities for personalised health monitoring and managing real‐time health issues. A WBAN is primarily composed of a miniature, and smart devices called sensors that are worn in, on, or around the human body. In recent years, research has been mainly centred towards the reduction of the energy consumption and stability of the network. The selection of the relay node is one of the foremost issues for balancing the energy consumption in WBAN. To overcome this issue, the authors propose a hybrid analytic hierarchy process–neutrosophic method for making the decision of the relay node selection, in which the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique calculates the weights for different criteria and forwards them to the neutrosophic technique which finds out the best alternative solution or choice which is closest to the ideal solution. A detailed analysis is carried out on multi‐criteria decision‐making techniques by comparing the proposed AHP–neutrosophic and AHP techniques taking into account various criteria and alternatives. The experimental outcomes of this research indicate a significant reduction in terms of energy consumption and enhanced overall network‐stability.
Singular extremals inL1-optimal control problems: sufficient optimality conditions
Authors: Chittaro Francesca C. , Poggiolini Laura
Published: April 2020

In this paper we are concerned with generalisedL1-minimisation problems,i.e.Bolza problems involving the absolute value of the control with a control-affine dynamics. We establish sufficient conditions for the strong local optimality of extremals given by the concatenation of bang, singular and inactive (zero) arcs. The sufficiency of such conditions is proved by means of Hamiltonian methods. As a by-product of the result, we provide an explicit invariant formula for the second variation along the singular arc.
Treatment of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluid by Fe0-persulfate (PS) process
Authors: Zhang Heng , Lai Bo
Published: April 2020

Treating hydraulic fracturing flowback fluid has been receive much attention due to its high total dissolved solid and organic matter. In this study, to remove pollutants in the influent and reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD), the process of persulfate (PS) activated by Fe0 was applied in the treatment of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluid. At the optimal parameters of experimental condition (Fe0=8 g/L, PS = 12 mmol/L, pH=7.7, temperature=25°, reaction time=5 min), 93.6% COD (111.6 mg/L) was removed. Therefore, the Fe0-PS process could be proposed as a promising treatment technology for the removal of toxic and refractory hydraulic fracturing flowback fluid wastewater.
Cultivation of aerobic granular sludge in a microbial fuel cell
Authors: Gao You-xian , Yang Ping
Published: April 2020

Aerobic granular sludge(AGS) is a special biofilm formed by the self-aggregation of sludge material. In this study, AGS was cultivated in the biocathode of a continuous flow microbial fuel cell (MFC). During the formation of AGS, changes in sludge concentration, extracellular polymers (EPS), pollutants removal and power generation were examined. The results showed that, MLVSS kept above 5 g/L, the PS, PN and PN/PS of TB-EPS showed a gradually increasing trend, the removal efficiency of COD and ammonia nitrogen was 94.46% and 93.03%, respectively. A maximum voltage output of 350 mV was achieved.
A framework of penta-helix model to improve the sustainable competitiveness of the wine industry in Baja California based on innovative natural resource management
Authors: Cabrera-Flores Mayer , López-Leyva Josué , Peris-Ortiz Marta , Orozco-Moreno Armando , Francisco-Sánchez Jorge , Meza-Arballo Oscar
Published: April 2020

This paper presents an innovative natural resource management framework for the wine industry based on the Penta-Helix Model and Open Innovation features. As an initial activity, a particular survey was designed in order to be applied to a lot of companies to determine the necessities perception related to the elements of sustainable competitiveness. In fact, the evaluation of sustainable competitiveness is the key to the innovate framework proposed. Considering the results related to the elements of sustainable competitiveness (i.e. natural capital, social capital, intellectual capital and governance efficiency), a flow chart for innovative natural resource management as a first stage is proposed as part of a complete framework called Penta-Helix stakeholder management. In particular, water availability and quality is the most important challenge detected related to natural resource management.
Voies aérifères supérieures : analyse tridimensionnelle et effets du traitement par appareils fonctionnels
Authors: Cornelis Marie A. , Cattaneo Paolo M.
Published: April 2020

Introduction : Cet article résume, autour de trois questions, les principales lignes de recherche sur les voies aérifères supérieures menées à l’Université d’Aarhus.

Les voies aérifères supérieures peuvent-elles être évaluées de manière fiable par Cone Beam CT (CBCT) ?

Y a-t-il un lien entre les dimensions des voies aérifères et la morphologie craniofaciale ?

Les appareils fonctionnels augmentent-ils le volume des voies aérifères supérieures ?

Matériels et méthodes :

Les CBCTs de 34 patients ont été utilisés pour évaluer tridimensionnellement les voies aérifères supérieures comparant mesures linéaires, surfaces et volumes.

Les CBCTs de 90 adultes sains présentant une classe I, II ou III squelettiqueont été comparés. Les dimensions des voies aérifères supérieures ont été corréléesavec les mesures céphalométriques en 3D.

Une étude rétrospective sur CBCT a étudié les changements des voies aérifères supérieures après traitement par appareils fonctionnels chez 20 patients.

Résultats :

Les voies aérifères supérieures ne peuvent être décrites correctement par desmesures linéaires.

Aucune corrélation n’a pu être identifiée entre la dimension et la morphologiedes voies aérifères supérieures et les morphologies squelettiques sagittales declasseI, II ou III.

Une augmentation de volume des voies aérifères supérieures a été observée après traitement par appareils fonctionnels, principalement au niveau de l’oropharynx.

Discussion : Une analyse tridimensionnelle donne une meilleure représentationdes caractéristiques anatomiques des voies aérifères supérieures. Ce type d’analyse tridimensionnelle a permis de mettre en évidence un effet positif du traitementpar appareils fonctionnels sur l’oropharynx, chez des patients sains en croissance.
Troubles respiratoires obstructifs du sommeil, bruxisme du sommeil et maladies parodontales
Authors: Carra Maria Clotilde
Published: April 2020

Introduction : Les troubles respiratoires obstructifs du sommeil
(TROS) peuvent être associés avec le bruxisme du sommeil et les maladies parodontales. Matériels et méthodes : Grace à une revue de la littérature, l’article a
pour objectif de décrire les caractéristiques du bruxisme du sommeil et sa relation
avec les TROS, ainsi que les éléments qui soutiennent l’existence d’une association
entre TROS et maladies parodontales. Résultats : Le bruxisme du sommeil
correspond à une activité des muscles manducateurs de type serrement et grincement
qui se manifeste pendant le sommeil, surtout dans le stade N2 et en association
avec les micro-éveils. La probabilité d’observer un bruxisme du sommeil
est presque quatre fois plus élevée en présence de TROS, avec un lien temporel
strict entre l’épisode respiratoire obstructif ou de désaturation et l’épisode de
bruxisme qui survient le plus souvent dans les 0 à 10 secondes qui suivent. Ces
observations supportent l’hypothèse que le bruxisme du sommeil serait déclenché
par les TROS et, dans ce contexte, il pourrait avoir un rôle « protecteur », étant
une activité musculaire qui contribue à rétablir la perméabilité des voies aérifères
supérieures. D’autre part, les TROS ont été mis en relation avec les maladies
parodontales. Ces maladies inflammatoires et dysbiotiques peuvent avoir des
conséquences délétères sur la santé orale (destruction du parodonte pouvant
mener à la perte de l’organe dentaire) et sur la santé générale. Récemment, il a
été observé que les patients atteints de TROS auraient un risque accru, de 1,6 à
4 fois plus élevé, d’avoir ou de développer une parodontite sévère, suggérant que
les TROS pourraient être un nouveau facteur de risque des maladies parodontales. Conclusion : Le chirurgien-dentiste, intégré dans l’équipe de spécialistes
de la médecine du sommeil, a un rôle primordial dans le dépistage, la prévention
et le traitement des TROS et de leurs relations avec le bruxisme du sommeil et
les maladies parodontales.
Traitement médical des troubles respiratoires obstructifs du sommeil de l’enfant et de l’adolescent
Authors: Vecchierini Marie-Françoise
Published: April 2020

Introduction :Chez l’enfant et l’adolescent, les troubles respiratoires obstructifs du sommeil (TROS) nécessitent un traitement précoce pour éviter leurs complications.Matériel et méthodes :Un bilan pluridisciplinaire réalisé par un pneumo-pédiatre, un médecin du sommeil, un orthodontiste, un ORL, un rééducateur myofacial permet de déterminer les prises en charge thérapeutiques, chirurgicales et médicales, adaptées à chaque enfant. Seuls les traitements médicaux font l’objet de cet article.Résultats :La revue de la littérature montre que le traitement de première intention est l’adéno-amygdalectomie. Toutefois, des thérapeutiques médicales peuvent jouer un rôle fondamental, en première ligne ou en complément de la chirurgie. Le surpoids et l’obésité, fréquents à l’adolescence, aggravent les TROS et favorisent leur persistance après adéno-amygdalectomie ; ils nécessitent une prise en charge par un régime alimentaire adapté, un renforcement de l’activité physique, un soutien psychologique et une bonne hygiène du rythme veille-sommeil. L’inflammation pourra être traitée, dans les formes modérées de TROS, par des anti-inflammatoires (corticoïdes ou antagonistes des récepteurs aux leucotriènes). De nombreux enfants atteints de TROS ont des anomalies maxillo- faciales qui, selon leur type, bénéficieront d’une disjonction maxillaire rapide ou d’un dispositif de type activateur en complément de l’adéno-amygdalectomie. L’utilisation d’un appareil de ventilation par pression positive continue (PPC) est rarement nécessaire chez l’enfant et est réservée aux TROS graves persistant après chirurgie. Enfin, la thérapie myofonctionnelle, active ou passive, est pour certains auteurs indispensable pour éviter les récidives du syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) après chirurgie.Conclusion :Ces traitements médicaux personnalisés sont mis en place soit parallèlement à l’adéno-amygdalectomie, soit dans un ordre hiérarchique.
Feasibility of Eye Movement Recordings with the SMI Tracking Bar in 10- to 11-Year-Old Children Performing a Reading Task
Authors: Wertli Jason , Schötzau Andreas , Trauzettel-Klosinski S. , Palmowski-Wolfe Anja
Published: April 2020

Introduction Eye movements during reading can be impaired in amblyopia, developmental dyslexia, reduced visual acuity, or visual field defects. To detect pathology, normative values are important for comparison. In healthy children, there is sparse data on eye movements during reading. Therefore, the aim of this study was to, in a first step, explore the feasibility of applying the SMI RED eye tracker bar to record eye movements in 10- and 11-year-old children while reading a text.

Materials and Methods Thirty-three (19 aged 10 years, 14 aged 11 years) normally sighted children attending a primary school in Switzerland participated in our study. Visual acuity, the Lang test, and the cover test were performed as a screening for ophthalmologic pathology that might influence the results. Eye movements were recorded with the SMI RED eye tracker bar while the child read aloud two texts from the International Reading Speed Test (IReST), presented on a laptop. Both texts were in German with an equal level of difficulty and were presented in a randomized order. Reading speed (words/minute), number of saccades, number of fixations, and reading errors (mistakes in the reading) were evaluated.

Results Screening did not reveal pathology other than refractive errors and children had full corrected visual acuity. Eye movements could be obtained in all but six children where the reflection of the glasses worn prevented a good pupil recording with the tracker. Younger children performed more saccades per word with a mean of 1.41 (SD 0.39) at 10 years of age versus 1.10 (SD 0.21) at 11 years of age. The number of fixations per word was also higher in younger children (mean: 1.63 [SD 0.37]) than in 11-year-old children (mean: 1.32 [SD 0.33]). Ten-year-old children seem to analyze a text in smaller units than 11-year-olds. Thus, 10-year-old children took more time to complete the reading task than the 11-year-olds (mean: 88.8 s [SD 24.1] versus 84.4 s [SD 15.1]). In addition, 10-year-old children made more reading errors compared to 11-year-olds (mean: 4.47 [SD 2.95] versus 2.28 [SD 1.72]).

Conclusion It is feasible to record eye movements in children aged 10 – 11, albeit this is more difficult when glasses are worn. As parameters change with age, further data is needed for a representative evaluation regarding eye movements during reading in children of different age groups. The information gained may offer help in recognizing reading difficulties and monitoring of treatment effects.
Trainieren im Team
Authors: Möller Franziska , Fritzsche Madeleine
Published: April 2020

Bei der Lagerung eines Patienten muss das gesamte OP-Team an einem Strang ziehen. Damit dies gelingt und für den Patienten alles reibungslos abläuft, ist es wichtig, die Zusammenarbeit zu trainieren. Am Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg finden deshalb regelmäßig interdisziplinäre Lagerungsworkshops statt. Welche Herausforderungen es dabei gibt und was das Team lernt, schildern unsere Autoren.
Blutsperre und Blutleere
Authors: Hümmer Nadine
Published: April 2020

Die Blutsperre beziehungsweise Blutleere ist aus dem OP-Saal nicht mehr wegzudenken. Um sie korrekt anzulegen, benötigen Pflegende viel Fingerspitzengefühl und Fachwissen. Unsere Autorin erklärt, wie eine Blutsperre/-leere ordnungsgemäß zu verwenden ist und welche Besonderheiten dabei zu beachten sind.
GAGGING A REVIEW
Authors: Kaira Laxman Singh , Dabral Esha , Kukreja Harpreet Singh
Published: April 2020

The gag reflex is a complex physiologic phenomenon. The problem compromises the quality of dental treatment and is a barrier to optimal patient care. The function of the reflex is protective in nature. When the reflex is abnormally active, the dentist may be presented with a bewildering and frustrating problem in various dental procedures, resulting in a strong potential for compromised treatment. The technique or techniques used should be dictated by the cause or causes involved. If organic disturbances, anatomic anomalies, or bio mechanical inadequacies of the existing prosthesis are not key causes the services of trained specialists are needed to help with behavioral management of the problem. A review of management of patients follows and includes strategies to assist clinicians.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF NURSES WORKING IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF UDUPI AND MANGALORE DISTRICTS KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: Jose Tessy Treesa , Bhat Sripathy M.
Published: April 2020

Quality of life (QOL) is an important dimension of health. It is a subjective term which varies from person to person and depends on each individual's capacity to cope with a situation. It is important to know how satisfied nurses are with their QOL and jobs and what characteristics influence their quality of life. The main aim of this study was to determine the Quality of Life of nurses as measured by WHO Quality of Life questionnaire and to find the association between Quality of Life and selected demographic and work related variables. The study population consisted of 1040 registered nurses working in selected medical college hospitals and government hospitals of Udupi and Mangalore districts during the period of data collection. Purposive sampling was used to select the samples. Data were gathered by administering Background proforma, and scale on Quality of life (WHO QOL-BREF). Median score of QOL of nurses on overall perception of quality of life and health were equal. Significant association was observed between Quality of life and marital status, and monthly income, area of work, working hours and total years of experience.
RECONSTRUCTION OF CONDYLE FOLLOWING SURGICAL CORRECTION OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT ANKYLOSIS: CURRENT CONCEPTS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
Authors: C. Muralee Mohan , Prasad B. Rajendra , Bhat Smitha , Bhat Shyam S.
Published: April 2020

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is one of the most disruptive maladies that can afflict the masticatory system. It is characterized by difficulty or inability to open the mouth due to fusion of the temporal bone and the condyle of the mandible, resulting in facial symmetry/deformity, malocclusion and dental problems. The only treatment option for TMJ ankylosis is surgical with or without condylar reconstruction. Various autogenous grafts are available for condylar reconstruction after freeing the ankylotic mass such as costochondral, fibular, and coronoid. Alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prostheses can provide accurate adaptation to the anatomical structures of each individual patient and are a reliable alternative in the treatment of ankylosis. Proving to be a promising method distraction osteogenesis is slowly gaining popularity and may ultimately become the standard procedure, providing a cost-effective approach with low morbidity and excellent functional outcomes. Tissue engineering is another budding field which has shown promising results in animal studies but has not been applied to humans.
IMPLANT ABUTMENT CONNECTION: BIOMECHANICAL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Shetty Manoj , D. Krishna Prasad , Shetty Naresh H. G. , Jaiman Raghavendra
Published: April 2020

Dental implant therapy is a fast growing and brightest prospect in the rehabilitation of completely and partially edentulous arches. Study of implants has become indispensable and so is the biomechanics related to dental implant therapy. Implant abutment connection is a crucial synapse between the implant and the abutment. It is an important determinant of the strength and stability of an implant supported restoration, and play a major role in the success of the implant. The review describes the biomechanics of this crucial connection.
AGE RELATED DIFFERENCE IN THE LIPID PROFILE IN NORMAL HEALTHY WOMEN
Authors: I. Deepti G. , Shetty Sukanya , Rao Ashalatha V. , Ahmad Sarfraz
Published: April 2020

Background and objectives: Lipid disorder is a major risk factor for the progression of coronary artery disease. Age alone is a significant predictor of CVD risk in men and women. Before menopause, women have a much lower risk for cardiovascular events compared with men of their age. Reasons for protection from CVD in premenopausal women are complex, but a significant contribution can be assigned to the greater high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in younger women, which is an effect of estrogen.

Methods: Fasting blood samples were collected from 40 healthy individuals (40 females divided into 2 groups according to age). Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL- Cholesterol were estimated by enzymatic methods and LDL was calculated by Friedewald's equation.

Results: The result showed increase in jyounger age group.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that serum lipid profile changes can possibly be mediated by changing hormonal profile, especially estrogen which has role in lipid metabolism and indirectly on coronary artery disease.
PROLONGED PYREXIA WITH ACUTE RENAL INSULT - UNRAVELING THE PUZZLE AND SOLVING THE ENIGMA
Authors: Sharma Raghava
Published: April 2020

A middle aged man with prolonged pyrexia was referred to us with a diagnosis of FUO (Fever of unknown origin). He was evaluated by various investigations and a diagnosis of Tuberculosis was established. On anti tubercular treatment (ATT) he developed complication of acute renal injury –non oliguric renal failure, from which he recovered fully after the puzzle was successfully solved & managed accordingly. Even though he was proved to have rifampicin induced acute intersticial nephritis(AIN) by biopsy , he had varied & unconventional presentation like without oliguria, without peripheral blood eosinophilia, and more so particularly on the maiden administration of rifampicin. Thus our case highlights the importance of quickly establishing the cause for FUO, and also need for greater vigilance on part of physicians to solve unconventional presentations of complications arising out of treatment.
TYPE III CAWLEY ANDERSSON LESION IN A CASE OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS
Authors: Hegde Deepak , Arjun Ballal , C. Vinay Kumar , Rai H. Ravindranath
Published: April 2020

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects especially males in the second and third decades of life.1

The main clinical symptom is inflammatory back pain typically occurring at night and morning stiffness improving after exercise.1

Apart from syndesmophytes and ankylosis of the spine resulting in rigidity, in longstanding ankylosing spondylitis, also focal destructive 1 discovertebral lesions (Andersson lesions) can occur.1

The case we present here is of a 35 year old male patient who presented to us with the symptoms of pain of upper back and both shoulders for 6 years. Pain was followed with stiffness of the neck and shoulder. Radiography of the dorsolumbar spine revealed squaring of the vertebra, syndesmophytes, calcification of the anterior spinal ligament, end plate irregularity at D10-D11 level, ill defined sclerosis with fracture of the ankylosed spine, features consistent with Andersson lesion type III. He underwent posterior spinal fusion with good functional outcome.
RARE ASSOCIATION OF DOWN SYNDROME WITH DANDY WALKER MALFORMATION
Authors: Goyal Suresh , H. Vignesh Nayak , Meena Reeta
Published: April 2020

We report on a patient with Down syndrome and a multi-systemic condition comprising congenital heart disease (ASD) and neurological malformation (Dandy walker malformation). The co-occurrence of Down syndrome (DS) and Dandy walker malformation is relatively uncommon
IDIOPATHIC GIANT CELL MYOCARDITIS PRESENTING AS SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH- A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Permi Harish S.
Published: April 2020

Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis is a disease of relatively young, predominantly healthy adults which is usually known to cause death in more than half of the cases of sudden death due to heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia. The typical histological features are myocardial necrosis and a rich cellular infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, plasma cells and multinucleated giant cells. We report a rare case of idiopathic giant cell myocarditis in a 32 year old healthy male who died suddenly and stress the need to consider as one of the cause of unexplained death in young adults on autopsy.
Subintermeniscal Ligament Pullout Suture Technique for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fracture Fixation—AIIMS Technique
Authors: Mittal Ravi , Digge Vijaykumar , Selvanayagam Rajkumar
Published: April 2020

Many methods have been described, including pullout suture technique, for arthroscopic fixation of displaced tibial eminence fracture. We are describing our technique of pullout suture, which is a modification of previously described techniques. We passed two sutures arthroscopically through anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) just above the avulsed fragment and then pulled them out through medial and lateral bone tunnel in anterior aspect of crater in tibial plateau. The third suture passed through ACL was pulled out anteriorly under the transverse intermeniscal ligament through a submeniscal route. All sutures were tied under tension to a screw post placed on the anterior tibia after reducing the avulsed bone fragment. Our technique provides good reduction and even overreduction of the fragment. It also provides good initial fixation strength to work against displacing forces even in small and comminuted bony fragment. This is helpful for achieving adequate stability of knee, complete extension of knee, early rehabilitation, and quicker recovery.