bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Geographic Information Systems in Ensuring Food Security in Countries During Epidemiological Crises
Authors: Kiselev V M , Kiseleva T F , Lipatova L P , Miller Yu Y , Petropavlovskaya A V , Kabelkaite-Vaitkiene J A
Published: March 2021

Sudden geospatial phenomena, whether natural or technocratic, regional, or global, including pandemics, confront industrial enterprises, including those in the chemical and technological complexes, with a new kind of uncertainty, creating new risks when making operational and strategic management decisions. These risks often have devastating consequences for economic and social agents caught in these geodynamic phenomena. Amongst the many kinds of dangers, the most economically and socially destructive are changes in consumer demand as related to quantitative, qualitative, and temporal parameters. These shockwaves can have dire effects, including the non-functionality of existing logistical systems, unrestrained costs, a terrifying level of unemployment, etc. In these dramatic scenarios, sector management must develop new strategies to deal with changes in the national economy, ensuring their ability to overcome factors that may otherwise destroy the existing socioeconomic parameters. To minimize these negative phenomena, it is necessary to develop a geographic information system (GIS), the elements of which entail dynamic information about all emerging risks, including the ability to ensure complete safety for all personnel, partners and suppliers, relations with government bodies and the public, and optimal use of financial resources. To build such an anti-crisis system, it is advisable to offer a scientific response to these challenges and many other problems associated with the operation of enterprises in such emergencies.
Study of Maneuverability the AUV flexibly Coupled to the Surface Repeater
Authors: Kostenko V V , Mokeeva I G , Tolstonogov A Yu
Published: March 2021

The towed surface radio communication module (SRCM) allows the high-speed communication channel between the control station and an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to be organized and significantly simplifies the navigation support. Herewith, disturbances by the communication cable acting on the SRCM and AUV are significantly affecting the whole system’s parameters. The paper aims to calculate the additional drag force acted on the vehicle by affecting the towed SRCM and communication cable on the AUV in steady conditions and along typical maneuvering trajectories. A model of an underwater tethered motion control system considers the AUV dynamics, and the communication cable is proposed. A kinematic model of the SRCM has been developed. This model determines the submerging of the communication module and hydrodynamic resistance during towing. The paper presents the results of modeling the tethered system’s movement along typical trajectories typical for survey-search AUV. The results allow the additional requirements to the vehicle’s propulsion system and the required additional buoyancy of the SRCM to be obtained.
Changes in the Agrophysical Properties of the Chernozem Leached with the Use of Defecate and Fertilizers for the Cultivation of Winter Wheat
Authors: Barakina E E , Barakin N S
Published: March 2021

The intensive use of chernozems has led to an imbalance between their effective and potential fertility, as evidenced by the worsening of their agrophysical and agrochemical properties. A necessary condition to solve the complex of agroecological problems is the study and development of scientifically based methods of reproduction and increasing soil fertility. It is also necessary to effectively use fertilizers in combination with other chemical ameliorants for various technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops in crop rotation aimed at improving the agrophysical properties of these crops and ensuring an increase in their yield and quality while meeting environmental requirements.
Change of Acoustic and Magnetic Properties of Metals of Main Pipelines under the Influence of Cyclic Loads
Authors: Lapiga I , Schipachev A
Published: March 2021

Today, the assessment of the technical condition of objects taking into account the effects of variable loads is gaining popularity in the world. As a rule, such loads do not lead to simultaneous destruction of structures. Such facilities include trunk pipelines. The variable loads arising in them are determined by the technological mode of operation. For main pipelines, a low-cycle load is characteristic, for gas pipelines, a multi-cycle load. During cyclic impact on the metal, its slight damage occurs at the micro level, which is almost impossible to detect without special diagnostic methods. Microdamage in the metal accumulates in the form of microcracks and, with an increase in the number of loading cycles, the number of microcracks increases several times, which can ultimately cause macrocracks and lead to design failure. When analyzing accidents that occurred on pipelines, the fact that failure occurred without the presence of characteristic crack-like defects in the pipe wall is often noted. Thus, fatigue damage to the metal is a dangerous factor that can lead to the destruction of pipelines. Given the new trends in diagnostics, one of the key issues is the assessment of damage to prevent accidents on main pipelines. The article considers the study of the dependence of the acoustic and magnetic properties of specimens from 09G2S steel loaded in the equivalent mode of the main gas pipeline, depending on the level of accumulated damage.
Development of Methodic Approach to Formation and Selection of the «Green Belt» while Ensuring Environmental Safety of Steppe Zone Cities
Authors: Yudina N , Lysova E , Paramonova O , Samarskaya N
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to solving the urgent problem - increase of ecological safety of cities due to the use of specific functions of green spaces in the formation of the «green belts». The aim of the work was to develop a technique of forming and selecting the «green belt» zones of steppe zone cities through the example of Rostov region, based on a deep situation analysis of cities’ ecological situation, selection of regional range of perennial vegetation with subsequent selection of plants with tolerance to technological area load and providing performance of certain functions (micro- and mesoclimatic, sanitary and hygiene, safety, etc.). During the studies, we were solving the issue of studying the basic principles of green belts and cores formation of the cities on the basis of analysis of known methodological approaches with further systematization of the most important criteria and development of methods applied to steppe zone cities (through the example of Rostov region). Analysis of existing methodological approaches to the formation of «green belts» of large cities allowed to reveal their advantages and disadvantages, to systematize the most important of the criteria and develop the method of forming of «green belts» of major cities of the steppe zone for Rostov region. Developed methodical approach can be adapted and refined for other physical and geographical zones of the territory of the Russian Federation.
Trends, Opportunities and Perspectives of Digital Education Development in the Global Economy
Authors: Ivanova A O , Ignatieva T A , Pilyavsky V P
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to the development of digital education in the global economy; special attention is paid to the problems of digitalization of the educational process under the influence of socio-economic threats on a global scale in the context of special demographic and social conditions. The article specifies the main reasons for the emergence of digitalization problems and the ways to solve them. The article substantiates the exceptional role of digital technologies in the digitalization of education, analyzes existing information technologies and highlights the main trends and prospects for their development; describes the opportunities and key challenges of digital transformation of education. The research reveals the weaknesses of the traditional education system in the context of globalization, identifies fundamentally new consumer needs in the market of educational services, and considers prospective digital systems that meet the requirements of modern society.
Predicting the Effectiveness of Hydrochloric Acid Treatment in an Oil Field Using the Calculation of Changes in the Skin Factor and Hydrodynamic Modeling
Authors: Krivoshchekov S N , Vyatkin K A , Ravelev K A
Published: March 2021

The article provides an effectiveness assessment of the designed hydrochloric acid treatment at one of the wells of the Western field (Perm Krai). Efficiency was predicted with hydrodynamic modeling of measures to intensify the influx of oil based on a preliminary calculation of the change in the skin factor. Daccord and Lenormand’s experiments were used as the basis for improving the state of the bottomhole zone. These studies allow us to calculate the decrease in filtration resistance in the near-wellbore zone of the considered well formation. The calculation took into account key factors that affect the effectiveness of hydrochloric acid treatment. Using a hydrodynamic simulator, the procedure to stimulate oil production in the studied field is designed. Based on simulation calculations, an analysis of additional oil production was carried out in comparison with the base case for 10 years of operation of this development object. The methodology used in this work will allow oil companies to more reasonably approach the design of hydrochloric acid treatments, and also take into account key factors to find optimal solutions in order to maximize the effectiveness of measures.
Comparative Analysis of the Methods for Assessing the Thermal State of Civil Construction Facilities on the Example of Marine Stationary Platforms
Authors: Starokon I V
Published: March 2021

Offshore oil, gas and other minerals are being actively developed in the world. Various hydraulic structures are used for the development of offshore fields, among which offshore fixed platforms should be singled out separately. These platforms are located in open sea areas and are exposed to heat from the sun. Solving the problem of assessing thermal effects on open metal structures of an offshore platform is important because even insignificant thermal stresses increase significantly in zones of crack-like defects, thus forming zones of local overvoltage. In addition, the determination of the temperatures of the walls of the tanks located on the platform is extremely important in determining the possibility of an outbreak of flammable liquids and other highly flammable substances. Previously, the author developed a technique that allows calculating the temperature of any cylindrical metal structures under the influence of solar radiation. In the work, the author provides a comparative analysis of his own methodology for assessing thermal effects and a method for determining the thermal state based on solving the heat balance equation. Based on the studies carried out, a conclusion is made about local overvoltages and the possibility of an outbreak of stored flammable products is assessed.
Studying Surge Phenomena by Improving the Construction of a Turbocharger Testing Bench
Authors: Kaliyev B K , Gritsenko A V , Shepelev V D
Published: March 2021

It is common knowledge that diesel engines are frequently used in agricultural processes. Uprating a diesel engine by means of turbocharging is widely used nowadays. Turbocharging easily enables the increase in the power of the engine by 10-50%. However, the turbine creating a high effectiveness of a diesel engine became an essential problem connected with the reduction of reliability of farming machinery. One of the vital issues here refers to surge phenomena in a turbocharger. Thus, in routine maintenance of turbocharged engines the stochasticity of load leads to the changes in the geometry of the pump and turbine wheels of a turbocharger. The complex work to improve the construction of the turbocharger test bench was connected with re-creating the real operational modes of a turbocharger (TCR) on the bench and studying the limits of a surge during tests.
Formation of Radioactive Waste Management System at the State Level
Authors: Baurina S B , Khudyakov S V , Uchirova M Yu
Published: March 2021

The article substantiates the necessity and mechanism of forming a radioactive waste management system at the state level. The article demonstrates the problems that the existing order of production and consumption waste management leads to. An algorithm for handling radioactive waste in the logic of a complete cycle is described. The demand for the system of state accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive waste is substantiated, the mechanism of its formation and organizational structure are presented. The goals of the system of state accounting and control of radioactive substances and radioactive waste are outlined. The powers for the organization of waste management of I and II hazard classes have been defined for the State Corporation Rosatom (while maintaining the existing consolidation of the powers for control and supervision in this area for the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources). The subjects providing services for the management of waste of I-II hazard classes are specified: the federal operator for the treatment of waste of I and II hazard classes and operators for the treatment of waste of I and II hazard classes.
Transgressive Pleistocene Cycles and Their Place on the Milankovich Scale
Authors: Pomortsev O A , Filippov V R , Rozhin S S
Published: March 2021

The problem of cyclic organization of geological environment in the Pleistocene is specified based on of materials on absolute chronology of marine and intracontinental sediments of North and Central Asia and North America. New data on absolute chronology of fluvial transgressive-regressive cycles of the Pleistocene in comparison with the known solar climate scale of M. Milankovich’s are given. It is established that the two most ancient dates of the terrace sediments of the Lena River (234 and 182 thousand years ago) and the Vilyuy River (300 and 176 thousand years ago), as well as three groups of dates of younger Late Pleistocene and Holocene fluvial formations in the valley of the Lena River, Rocky Mountains and in the Primorsky Lowland of the Laptev Sea (36 - 42.8; 27-29 and 8-10 thousand years ago) correlate with the M. Milankovic’s curve, describing the variability of the Earth’s solar climate with the period of about 41000 years. The oldest dates - 300 and 234 thousand years ago, and the date series in the chronological range 27-29 thousand years ago (five dates) coincide with the cold extremums of the M. Milankovic scale. Dates of 182 and 176 thousand years ago, as well as series of the dates in the range 36-42 thousand years ago (four dates) and 8-10 thousand years ago (3 dates) tend to warm extremums of the same scale.
Comparison of Russian Index of Rocks Abrasivity with CAI
Authors: Averin E A , Zhabin A B , Polyakov A V , Linnik Y N , Linnik V Y
Published: March 2021

Development of technical means of excavation for tunnelling and minerals extraction requires the use of relevant experience and brand-new scientific achievements in the field of rock destruction by mechanical tools. Important problems of the use of rock cutting tools are wearing and tool consumption, which influence technical and economical performance of mining projects. Therefore, the paper provides an overview of existing domestic and abroad methods for determination of abarsivity of rocks, which are testing methods by Baron and Kuznetsov and by CERCHAR. The paper provides with a description of the essence of the method for determining the Russian abrasivity index and CAI, equipment for their implementation, as well as requirements for the styluses and rock samples. It is also given the classification of rock abrasiveness according to both methods. The important conclusion, which can be made based on this study, is that Russian abrasivity index by Baron and Kuznetsov can be correlated with CAI as we have done it in the first approximation.
Analysis of Temperature Field Dynamics in Electrofusion Welding of Polymer Pipes at Low Temperatures
Authors: Starostin N P , Ammosova O A , Vasileva M A
Published: March 2021

Technique for determining technological parameters of electrofusion welding of polyethylene pipes at ambient temperatures below standard, based on analysis of temperature field dynamics in heat-affected zone, is proposed. Mathematical model of thermal welding process used in calculations is presented, considering temperature dependence of phase transformation heat and crystallinity degree of polymer material. Results of determining parameters for electrofusion welding of polyethylene pipes and welding of branch saddle topload to polyethylene pipe are presented. Effectiveness of calculated determination of welding parameters is confirmed by tests of welded joints made according to proposed welding technology at naturally low temperatures.
Models of the Thermal Condition of Winter Aggregation of Bees with Electric Heaters Installed in the Hive
Authors: Oskin S V , Kudryavtseva A A
Published: March 2021

Of on factors of high productivity of a bee family is successful wintering. However, there are problems related to availability of food: in cold season bees may not get honey deposited in the frames located close to the outer hive walls, dramatic spring temperature fluctuations stimulate bees to earlier activity and they may fill the intestinal tract earlier. To promote successful wintering, beekeepers use electric heating. Despite the obvious advantages of additional heating of bees, there are also drawbacks: it is possible to provoke the queen for the early sowing of larvae, increased consumption of honey by the bee family may occur, there are additional costs for the consumed electrical energy. The article considers models of thermal and other physical processes occurring in the hive during the winter. The obtained models allow to: optimize energy costs for heating, reduce temperature fluctuations inside the hive, reduce the energy consumption of bees to maintain the microclimate. Validation of implementation of the algorithms in the system of automatic heating, based on the proposed models, showed the following: there is a good quality match of simulated and empiric temperature fields in the hives, there was a decrease in honey consumption by bees, hazard of drizzle was minimized.
Universal Tillage Unit
Authors: Tarasenko B F , Orlenko S Y , Kuzmin V V
Published: March 2021

The article presents the problem of the variety of machines used in the implementation of basic tillage, a brief analysis of technologies and mechanized means and the development of a modernized design of a universal tillage unit. In the developed unit, the combination of chiseling methods, including deep one with drainage, with methods of smooth plowing and disking was carried out. The novelty of the unit is that the frame of the fixed section of the plow is made in the form of a square, in which a channel-shaped guide ring is inserted with a mounted frame of the movable section, made removable and interchangeable with a longer one and with an increase in the number of working bodies depending on the width of the grip. Racks, which are equipped with bearing units, and additional levers, rods and lanyards placed diametrically opposed. The frames of the movable and fixed sections are equipped with holes for fixing with locking fingers in the longitudinal position and in the transverse position.
Verification of the Technology of Search for Hydrocarbon Pools on the Basis of the Studies of Water-Gas Equilibria (the Southern Regions of the Ob-Irtysh Interfluve)
Authors: Novikov D A , Dultsev F F , Chernykh A V
Published: March 2021

Results obtained through the analysis of water-gas equilibria in formation waters are shown to form the basis of the technology aimed at search for hydrocarbon pools. A direct dependence of a decrease in total gas saturation, the concentrations of methane homologues and water composition on the distance from water-oil contacts was established. A connection between hydrogeochemical anomalies and hydrocarbon pools was also detected It was revealed from the nature of the equilibria that hydrocarbon pools in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments of the southern parts of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve act as a conservative element of the lithosphere. Water-gas equilibria modeling revealed that the geochemical regime dominating at the major part of the territory under study is favourable for the formation and conservation of hydrocarbon pools, except for the marginal zones. Computer modeling of physicochemical equilibria and evasion-invasion processes in water-gas systems allowed us to establish the degree of groundwater saturation with gases and the nature of diffusion redistribution of gases at the boundary between hydrocarbon deposit and formation water. All waters with total gas saturation of 2.0 l/l become ultimately saturated with gases (Kg = 2.0), which means that theoretical prerequisites for the formation of hydrocarbon deposits arise. Calculations allowed us to reveal more than 30 promising objects with the high probability of detection of hydrocarbon deposits at the Bergul, Vitin, Chekovsky and other areas.
Reduction of Mineral Overgrinding in Sulfide Ore Dressing Technology
Authors: Intogarova T I , Valieva O S , Morozov Y P
Published: March 2021

The paper briefly considers the specifics of the material composition of sulfide ores and reflects the causes of losses in dressing. The basic dressing principles are given. The main ways to reduce ore overgrinding are briefly specified and described. The concept of flotoclassification and its relevance in closed-circuit grinding is described. The flowsheets of grinding and flotoclassification of sulfide ores are substantiated. Possible options of flotoclassification flow sheets in closed-circuit grinding are described. The use of flotoclassification in closed-circuit grinding of the hydrocyclone overflow allows obtaining an on-spec concentrate in the overflow of the tapered launder. Flotoclassification in closed-circuit grinding under laboratory conditions has been simulated. The experiment is described in detail. The simulation scheme, the finished product balance, and the qualitative and quantitative diagram of flotoclassification in closed-circuit grinding are given. The experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed way of reducing mineral overgrinding in the sulfide ore dressing technology.
Problems of Ensuring Security of Transport Infrastructure Facilities
Authors: Zemlin A , Kholikov F , Mamedova I , Zemlina O
Published: March 2021

The article deals with problematic issues of ensuring the effective functioning of transport infrastructure in modern conditions, when the amount of universal threats from terrorism and other factors constantly increases. The definition of "facility security” is formulated, since "transport security", being considered in the narrow sense, includes only the protection of transport infrastructure facilities from terrorist crimes and does not cover other illegal actions that can have a negative impact on the security of transport system in Russia. Profound study of the issues of legal regulation of ensuring the security of transport infrastructure facilities in various aspects leads the authors to reasonable conclusion about their obvious gaps and, in part, conflict of laws, which determines the need to resolve these problems of positive law in Russia. The need to improve the anti-terrorist protection of railway transport facilities by establishing the priority of interdepartmental integrated approach is stipulated and particular measures to mitigate the terrorist threat are suggested.
Pneumatic Caterpillar Mover for a Light Transport Vehicle
Authors: Dobretsov R Yu , Voinash S A , Dolmatov S N , Kolesnikov P G
Published: March 2021

The article discusses the features of construction, design, operation of the mover of a light vehicle with a pneumatic caterpillar track. Unlike multi-cavity pneumatic caterpillar tracks, in the proposed design the number of pneumatic segments is minimized, which can make it possible to even out the diagram of normal reactions on the supporting surface of the vehicle and increase the mobility of the chassis on soils with a weak surface layer and on snow - in conditions typical primarily for regions of the Far North, Arctic and Antarctic. The proposed design of the mover allows for operational repair in the field. The advantages of the proposed design is to reduce the destructive effect on the ground and increase the maneuverability of the vehicle on a weak bearing base, however, the mass and the cost of the mover increase, a slight decrease in energy efficiency and reliability is also expected, especially during systematic operation on hard ground. The relevance of the study is determined by the integrated interest in the development of the territories of the northern regions of the Russian Federation, as well as by the negative experience gained as a result of the operation of tracked carriers with the traditional chassis design in the tundra and forest-tundra regions. The article proposes a method for determining the main structural parameters of the propulsion device, analyzes its operational properties, makes recommendations for possible use. An example of calculation for a tracked vehicle of 3350 kg is given. The mover can be installed on mass-produced chassis of light-weight transport tracked vehicles when upgrading the chassis in the factory using components manufactured in the Russian Federation and technologies developed by the Russian industry.
Studying the Genetic Diversity of the Taimyr Population of the Nenets Reindeer Breed
Authors: Karmanovskaya N V , Bazelyanskaya T P , Elesin M A
Published: March 2021

For the first time, the genetic diversity of farm populations of domesticated Nenets reindeer bred in Taimyr has been studied to form their DNA bank. A comparative analysis of the genetic characteristics of the Nenets reindeer populations bred in other regions (Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the Murmansk Region, and the Komi Republic) has been performed using DNA markers. The genetic diversity markers - microsatellites have been used as DNA markers in the study. As a result of the research, it has been revealed that this group of domesticated reindeer has a low level of genetic polymorphism and diversity. A comparative analysis of this population with the regional ones from the Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the Murmansk Region, and the Komi Republic has revealed genetic ties with reindeer bred in the Komi Republic and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. A low level of both allelic and genetic diversity may further negatively affect the animals’ adaptation to environmental conditions.
The Ability of Airless Tires to Self-Purify
Authors: Mazur V V , Rykov S P
Published: March 2021

A well-known disadvantage of pneumatic tires is the cessation of the ability to work with mechanical damage through and determines the need to search for fundamentally new design solutions for wheels and tires to increase the safety and the survivability of wheeled vehicles. One such solution is the use of airless tires made of elastic polymeric materials. The Department of Mechanical Engineering and Transport of the Bratsk State University has developed full-scale models of wheels with airless tires made of elastic polyurethanes of Russian production and was done experimental studies of their ability to self-purify in the process of rolling on a moist soil surface. Research results may be claimed by manufacturers of automobiles and tractors, construction and road vehicles, special motor vehicles and wheeled planetary rovers
Use of Water Resources for Irrigation in the Southern Regions of Russia
Authors: Isaeva S , Dedova E , Buber A
Published: March 2021

To substantiate potential sources of water resources, an integrated approach has been developed, including agroclimatic, hydrological and hydrogeological studies, analysis of the dynamics of the population of the regions and the prospects for the development of agriculture, the use of geoinformation technologies. The conditions for the formation of surface and ground waters were studied, taking into account climate change, as well as anthropogenic impact on water resources. The forecast of the dynamics of water consumption in agriculture on the basis of the development of irrigation of agricultural lands for crop yields increase has been developed. On the basis of the studies performed, sources of additional water resources for the development of irrigation in the south of the European Russia have been identified. A digital and geoinformation database has been developed for visualization of the results of zoning and providing of analytical reports on the use of surface and groundwater for irrigation and agricultural water supply to the public.
The Structure of the Volcanic Lake in the Urbich Caldera (Iturup Island, the Kuril Islands)
Authors: Kozlov D N
Published: March 2021

The article presents and analyzes the original data on the morphological features and the current state of a previously unexplored volcanic lake Krasivoe located in the Urbich caldera (the Southern Kuriles). The bathymetric scheme and echolocation profiles obtained with using of modern technique of digital bathymetric survey with satellite reference along the profile are considered.
On the Effect of Green Spaces on the Natural Risks Associated with Air Quality Decrease of the Urban Environment
Authors: Abramov A V , Pchelenok O A , Kozlova N M
Published: March 2021

Despite the high interest to the study of the effect of green spaces on the processes of substance migration in the system “lithosphere – biostrome – atmosphere”, the negative aspects of these interactions are not considered. A scheme of the circulation of heavy metals in this system is proposed; dependences for calculating the density of heavy metal flows between components are obtained. Methods are proposed and experimental studies of the dynamics of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn concentration in each component of the system are carried out. A correlation between the processes of plant growing and the concentration of heavy metals in air was established. The flows of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn in the system “lithosphere – biostrome – atmosphere” are calculated, graphic representations of their balance are proposed. The diagram analysis which made it possible to establish the fact of the influence of green spaces on their migration at a selected point was carried out.
Analysis of Methods of Protection of Inner Surface of Welds of Field Pipelines
Authors: Karpov A L , Zaripov M Z , Fayrushin A M
Published: March 2021

In order to increase corrosion resistance, different types of insulation of the inner surface of pipes are used, but corrosion in this case often occurs on the inner surface of pipes in the zone of annular welded joints, where there is no insulation. There is no doubt that protection of the internal weld joint is an urgent task, the purpose of which is to increase the reliability of pipeline transport systems. There is a problem of insulation of the area of welded joints of pipes. In areas of welded joints of pipelines, effective corrosion protection shall be provided. A variety of methods have been used to protect internal coated welded joints from corrosion. Protective bushings are the most common method of protection of welded joints of field pipelines with internal coating.
Justification of Condensate Recovery during Development of Productive Layers in Termokarstovoye Field
Authors: Inyakina E I , Alsheikhly M D Z , Katanova R K
Published: March 2021

The tendency of the growth of the share of natural gas in the structure of the fuel and energy balance in Russia has led to active involvement in the industrial development of gas and gas condensate fields located in extreme natural and climatic conditions.

Development of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug fields, in which more than 65% of the explored reserves of Russia are concentrated, is a fundamentally new stage in the theory and practice of design, construction, and operation of such fields.

Justification of condensate recovery during the development of U1 and U2 formations is relevant because the structure of the Termokarstovoye field contains deposits of both massive and reservoir types.

It is advisable to develop massive type gas condensate formations simultaneously either with vertical wells or double-barreled wells with horizontal ending.

Development of productive layers U1 and U2 are being depleted by wells with horizontal opening of the formation.

Moreover, three wells with two horizontal boreholes exploit the U1 formation and two vertical wells are located in the dome zone of the object I.

The placement of double-barreled well number 111 is quite justified, since it is located at the edge of the structure of the U1 formation, close to the internal gas-bearing contour.

The conducted studies significantly allow increasing condensate recovery and the productivity of gas condensate wells, due to the creation of favorable conditions for the removal of condensate to the surface.
Problems and Prospects of Ensuring Food Security in Conditions of Economic Instability: Regional Aspect
Authors: Zakirov I V , Khamadeeva Z A , Aleshkina O V
Published: March 2021

Food security has come to the fore in the last decade not only in the importance thereof, but also due to the fact that the government of the Russian Federation has given this problem a certain status and legislative support. The priority direction of the state policy for ensuring food security of the Russian Federation covers a wide range of issues related thereto: economic, social, demographic, environmental, etc. Republic of Bashkortostan is able to provide itself with the basic food products and to comply with the basic conditions of food security. However, in this regard, it is required to pursue a more effective investment policy in the agrarian sector of the economy, implement a radical modernisation of the agro-industrial complex, and significantly increase the average per capita income of the population.
Artificial Soil Mix Based on Zoo Compost of the Black Soldier Fly
Authors: Pendyurin E A , Smolenskaya L M , Rybina S Yu
Published: March 2021

Compositions of artificial soil mix have been developed that, along with sand and clay, contain wet magnetic separation waste, citrogypsum, and zoo compost of black soldier fly larvae. It has been established that the soil mix compositions are not toxic and can be used to grow watercress.
Gold Cementation in Percolation Mode Using Dendritic Zinc Powders
Authors: Naumov K D , Lobanov V G
Published: March 2021

Present article is devoted to study of electrolytic zinc powders usage features in gold mining industry. Electrolytic zinc powders characterized by dendritic shape and a high specific surface area. These features of electrolytic zinc powders provide a number of advantages for gold cementation from alkaline cyanide solutions. Dendritic form of electrolytic zinc powder makes it possible to reduce zinc layer hydraulic resistance on filtering surface, which is important when using cementation technologies based on filtration of gold-bearing solution through zinc powder layer. High specific surface area of electrolytic zinc powders favourably affects the rates of gold recovery from cyanide solutions, which is shown in cementation experiments from model and real (industrial) solutions.
Probabilistic Approach to Soil Fertility Conservation by Mathematical Modeling of Technological Processes and Optimization of Resource Use
Authors: Safronova T I , Vladimirov S A , Prikhodko I A
Published: March 2021

The well-being of the state directly depends on food security. Many factors and indicators affect the stability of food security in the country. It consists of the availability and sufficiency in quantity and quality of food to each resident of the country. Therefore, the main goals of the economic and agricultural policy pursued in Russia are to provide the best and balanced solutions for producing more agricultural products that meet all domestic and foreign quality requirements. In the article, the authors consider the operation mode of a rice irrigation system from a probabilistic point of view. A model of the process of setting the price of planned activities for step-by-step price changes has been compiled. Each period of new planned activities is called a phase. It is assumed that events form a Poisson flow of constant intensity. At the n-th phase, a satisfactory state of the system occurs. The optimization problem of optimal assignment of the events price at each phase is solved and a numerical iterative algorithm for its solution is obtained.
Some Aspects of Developing and Improving the Mechanical and Operational Features of Wheelchairs for People with Limited Mobility
Authors: Chubenko E Ph , Grivanova O V
Published: March 2021

The present paper presents the field test result softwheel chairs with basic configuration, i.e. self-propelled; motorized with motor-wheels; self-propelled with SOFTWHEELS; and motorized equipped with motor-wheel sand SOFTWHEELS at the same time.

Mechanical and operational performance factors are provided for the self-propelled wheel chairs with basic configuration in order to compare them with the ones equipped with supplementary units.

Special attention is paid to the standard design and operation principles of the Bikight hub motor wheel, its mechanical and operational features that allow moving a wheelchair without applying the force of user’s hands.

Equipping wheel chairs with SOFTWHEEL. So pens new possibilities for people with limited mobility and allows them to travel not only a long well-paved roads but al so along unpaved, gravel, dirt roads and in parks with uneven paths; the vibrations and shocks can be compensated by SOFTWHEELS that greatly improves the quality of motion.

Moving along a bumpy road causes a stiff rim to shrink thus resulting in shock-absorber fluctuations for dampening the vibration and impact for the wheelchair users.

The design of a wheel chair with hub motor wheels and SOFTWHEELS seems to be the most efficient one.

The present paper reviews the mechanical and operational features of the combined use of equipment.
Petrographic Analysis of Basalt from China’s Dalian Field for Making Melt and Fiber by Electric Arcing
Authors: Kondratenko A S , Buyantuev S L , Shishulkin S Yu
Published: March 2021

this paper presents the petrological and chemical tests of basalt rock extracted from the Dalian Field, China, for further smelting in an electric-arc reactor to make melt and further produce fibrous materials. Melt was produced from basalt rock, particles sized 6 to 12 mm. Basalt and the fiber made from it were studied on a microscale by microscopy. Thus, Dalian basalt was found to be an ‘enriched’ ferroalkaline basaltoid with a characteristic high content of iron, alkali, and phosphorus. The microrelief of the basalt indicated considerable metamorphic alterations, due to which the secondary replacement structures developed during the primary phases were predominant. The presented electric-arc smelter had smooth temperature adjustment functionality and was able to maintain a constant temperature in the jet exiting the tap hole for less energy-intensive melt and fiber production.
Landslide Processes Threatening the Historical Objects in the Nizhny Novgorod City
Authors: Dmitriev V V , Fomenko I K , Shubina D D , Gorobtsov D N
Published: March 2021

The article is presented in the framework of the IPL-238 project. The article is concerned with stability assessment problems of historical structures located on steep slopes of the gullies and rivers in Nizhny Novgorod City. Churches, towers, walls, and monasteries that interact with the geological environment are represented as historical natural and technical systems (HNTS). The formation and development features of slope deformations and the results of slopes’ stability calculations are described. The necessity of using modern slope stability assessment methods due to the slow but steady increase in landslide hazard for the historical and cultural heritage objects of Nizhny Novgorod, is proved. Stability calculations for the landslide-prone slopes where the Dudin and the Annunciation monasteries are located are presented.
Assessment of the Stability of Linear Structures in Transitional Natural Regions of the Yakutia Permafrost Zone
Authors: Melnikov A E
Published: March 2021

The operational reliability of individual road or railway sections represents a function of their initial state, cargo intensity, road maintenance, and, most importantly, the interaction of structures and materials of the roadbed with the environment. A lack of connections between factors affecting the reliability of the railway sector, as well as the random nature of these factors, requires systematic research using specialized techniques. The development and application of such techniques is of particular importance for ensuring the stability of roads in natural regions of a transitional type. The significance of carrying out an assessment of local geological, soil, permafrost and other conditions in such regions is demonstrated on the example of investigating the impact of cryogenic weathering and seismic hazard on the stability of the Amur-Yakutsk Mainline.
Hydrogeological Modeling of the Spread of Pollution from the Historical Landfill Towards the Lakhta Spill, St. Petersburg, Russia
Authors: Dubrova S , Zelenkovskiy P , Podlipskiy I , Bilaya N , Zaripova K
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, the areas subjected to severe anthropogenic disturbance, such as waste landfills, do not meet both the environmental and human health standards and are associated with concepts of "environmental degradation", "pollution" and "environmental risk". In turn, the geochemical influence is associated with almost all types of technogenesis, has a widespread occurrence, occurs during the entire period of use of the territory and affects all components of the natural complex. Taking into account both geological and hydrogeological features of the study areas, predictions of contaminants migration from the historical waste landfills of St. Petersburg to the catchment area of the Gulf of Finland have been compiled. The results demonstrated the usefulness of a step-by-step method, involving increasingly detailed geochemical "portraits" of anthropogenically modified objects, as well as the creation of training geochemical set to predict the changes of functional zones contour.
Fire Safety External Audit Procedure
Authors: Sharafutdinov A A , Krasnov A V
Published: March 2021

The paper examines fire safety audit as well as algorithm, main functions and aims of its performance. Existing procedure for evaluation of fire risk is investigated. Methodology was developed for external audit of safety systems in public mass-attendance facilities. It also covers new types of outsourced fire safety services aimed at ensuring fire safety being a fundamental aspect of guaranteed safe operation, economic stability of a company and confidence in the future.
Relationship of the Latest Seismicity of an Active Fault with Variations of Geophysical Fields
Authors: Kamenev P A
Published: March 2021

With using of geophysical equipment deployed in the vicinity of the active southern Sakhalin fault, variations of natural geophysical fields were obtained and studied. It is shown that a significant change in the background values of subsurface radon and telluric potentials occurs some time before the seismic event in the instrument observation area, as well as after the events. Together with the medium-term earthquake forecast and geomechanical modeling, these observations can significantly detail the place of preparation for an earthquake, as well as monitor the subsequent development of the implementation of seismic events.
Anomalies in Transport Data
Authors: Pokusaev O , Namiot D
Published: March 2021

Over time, the analysis of traffic data has come down to predicting traffic flows. Building correspondence matrices describing traffic flows, forecasting traffic flows at a specific point and at a specific time interval is what transport analytics did. However, the development of technology and the economy has led to the fact that the penetration of mobile phones and the efforts of telecommunications operators provide complete information about the movements of mobile devices (their users) in modern cities. This means, in particular, that predicting flows is no longer a task. Other issues come to the fore. And one of them is just an analysis of anomalies. This is necessary, first of all, at the stage of operation of Smart City systems.
Immunohistochemical Method for Detection PCV-2 Antigen in Pigs
Authors: Stafford V V , Streltsova E B , Zaberezhny A D , Aliper T I , Gulyukin A M
Published: March 2021

Immunohistochemical (IHC) identification of the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) in organs and tissues was applied for better diagnostics of porcine circovirus disease. The IHC provides an additional confirmation to the diagnosis and allows to access cell and tissue tropism of the virus in pig organs. The research was conducted in animal tissues obtained during the disease outbreaks in pig farms using own monoclonal antibodies to the virus capsid protein. The results of IHC study have provided an insight into etiological role of the PCV-2 in pathological lesions found in all observed parenchymal organs, most of them localized in the lungs and lymph nodes. Accumulation of the virus has been found in the alveolar macrophages and lymph nodes. The lesions detected in other parenchymal organs have not been associated with PCV-2 accumulation.
Comparative Morphological and Functional Characteristics of the Muscle Tissue of Gobies of Cattle of Three Breeds (Hereford, Kazakh White-Headed and Kalmyk)
Authors: Kayumov F G , Shevlyuk N N , Tretyakova R F
Published: March 2021

Using a complex of morphological methods, the muscle tissue of 18-month-old gobies of three cattle breeds (Hereford, Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk) was studied. The results of the study showed that in the biceps femoris muscle and the longest muscle of the back of bulls of Hereford breed, the average diameter of muscle fibers was higher than in animals of the Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds. The thickness of the endomysium in the muscles of the animals studied was in the range of 6–13 μm and had no pronounced breed differences. Among the cellular elements of endomysium, endotheliocytes prevailed. Their share was about 80%. Type 1 collagen was higher in Hereford animals. In the muscles of animals of the Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds, the content of adipose tissue was higher than in animals of the Hereford breed. The results obtained reflect typical patterns of the structural and functional characteristics of cattle muscle tissue, and also show the range of in-breed variability of the muscle tissue of these animals.
Method Development for Oil Spill Response Under Ice Cover
Authors: Efimov S E , Tikhonov R S
Published: March 2021

This article is continuation of earlier work on the study of oil behavior spilled in ice conditions, results of which showed that, depending on ambient conditions and properties of oil, the latter can be in low-viscosity state, which makes it possible to extract it [1]. The paper presents results of field studies and development of method for containing and gathering oil spilled under the ice cover on their basis. Obtained experimental results are confirmed by mathematical model of the freezing process of water body and substantiate the possibility of containing and gathering oil spilled under the ice.
The Usage of the Fruit-Berry Raw in the Production of Bakery Products
Authors: Kirtaeva T N , Martynova A S
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the solubility of product-line expansion and the nutrition value increasing of the bakery products making of the first quality wheaten flour with the help of fruit-berry enrichment. Bakery recipes with pear and black currant jam filling were chosen as a result of studies conducted as the most appropriate filling.