bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affine Point Processes: Approximation and Efficient Simulation
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Blanchet Jose , Giesecke Kay , Glynn Peter W.
Published: February 2015

We establish a central limit theorem and a large deviations principle for affine point processes, which are stochastic models of correlated event timing widely used in finance and economics. These limit results generate closed-form approximations to the distribution of an affine point process. They also facilitate the construction of an asymptotically optimal importance sampling estimator of tail probabilities. Numerical tests illustrate our results.
Optimising concordance with compression hosiery in the community setting
Authors: Anderson Irene
Published: February 2015

Compression hosiery is used to help prevent leg ulcer recurrence by controlling venous backflow and the build-up of lower-limb oedema. The therapy is effective, but only if it is worn consistently by patients. In order to promote concordance with ongoing management, it is important that practitioners are aware of the options available in terms of design, structure, colour and size of compression. It is also vital for practitioners to consider a range of strategies to help patients apply and remove the hosiery.
Identifying family needs and stresses in the intensive care unit
Authors: Curry Stephen
Published: February 2015

This article explores the effect that the intensive care unit has on patients’ families and examines ways for nurses to identify and cope with family needs and stresses in the intensive care environment.
The value of children's nursing in the third millennium
Authors: Glasper Edward Alan
Published: February 2015

This article describes the origins of children's nursing and examines its role in a contemporary society approaching a new millennium. The controversial aspects of the generic nurse debate are explored and repudiated.
Family-centred care within contemporary British paediatric nursing
Authors: Darbyshire Philip
Published: February 2015

The concept of family-centred care is such a cherished tenet of paediatric nursing to be almost above critique. Yet a close examination of the place and meaning-in-practice of family-centred care is long overdue if the term is not to lapse into mere cliché or slogan.
Mepitel
Authors: Williams Clare
Published: February 2015

This article describes a relatively new product on the market called Mepitel, a non-adherent dressing that is useful in the management of many wound types and skin conditions, ranging from leg ulcers and skin grafts to the treatment of epidermolysis bullosa.
Influence of foliar application of algae extract and amino acids mixture on fenugreek plants in sandy and clay soils
Authors: TARRAF SHAHIRA A. , TALAAT IMAN M. , EL-SAYED ABO EL-KHAIR B. , BALBAA LAILA K.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Tarraf SA, Talaat IM, El-Sayed AEB, Balbaa LK. 2015. Influence of foliar application of algae extract and amino acids mixture on fenugreek plants in sandy and clay soils. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 33-37. Two pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of foliar application of algae extract and amino acids mixture on the growth and chemical constituents of fenugreek plants (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Plants were sprayed with different concentrations of algae extract (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 g/L) or equivalent of amino acids mixture (0.0, 0.625, 1.25 g/L). The results indicated that foliar application of amino acids mixture enhanced the vegetative growth of fenugreek plants, especially when plants were sprayed with 1.25 g/L amino acids mixture. Data also show that total nitrogen, essential oil percentage, and yield followed the same trend. These results hold true for plants cultivated in either clay soil or sandy soil. Data also indicated that foliar application of algae extract to fenugreek plants significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and fresh and dry weights of plant at vegetative growth stage and flowering stage of fenugreek plant, especially in plants treated with 5 g/L algae extract in sandy and clay soils, respectively. Treatment of fenugreek plants with algae extract markedly increased nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents, especially at 5 g/L.
‘Forget everything you have ever learned about art, and start from the beginning’: Charismatic leadership and art school teaching
Authors: Owen Chris
Published: February 2015

This article explores the nature of the art and design lecturer’s role in relation to Weber’s definition of charismatic leadership, and to more recent theories of transformational leadership. By reference to historical examples, the author analyses the process by which the charismatic art and design lecturer can influence students, and when necessary overcome their resistance to change. Using French and Raven’s model of social power, the author goes on to investigate the contribution made by charisma to the lecturer’s power to persuade, even when the lecturer may be committed to using a constructive model of the educational process. Finally, the article explores the potential of ‘frame alignment’ as a strategy by which charismatic lecturers can overcome the reluctance of some students to open themselves to new ways of thinking and working.
Orchestras and community wind bands in Brazil: Encounters of contrasting music practices and their pedagogical dilemmas
Authors: Barbosa Joel Luis , Cantão Jacob Furtado
Published: February 2015

The work discusses pedagogical dilemmas related to band courses offered to community bands by schools of music, governmental agencies, music festivals, foundations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Brazil. Even though these courses are for bands, most of their educators belong to the classical conservatory practice and teach its manner of playing to the bands’ instrumentalists. This article relates a multiple case study of three community bands of the Para State. The study focuses on the manner of clarinet playing in these bands. It considers the instruments and accessories, the didactic approaches, the instrument technique and the performance characteristics. It points out that the clarinetists’ manner of playing is common among community bands and yet very different from the approaches employed in the classical conservatory practice. The sonic characteristics of this manner of playing have cultural values and meanings that are part of the bands’ identities. Thus, the study opens up a discussion on what pedagogical postures coordinators and teachers may have in band courses when these two contrasting music practices meet.
Studying El Sistema as a Swedish community music project from a critical perspective
Authors: Bergman Åsa , Lindgren Monica
Published: February 2015

Sweden has a long tradition of implementing cultural activities in community-based organizations, even though the concept of community music is rarely used. One project in line with this tradition is El Sistema, a global movement that reached Sweden a few years ago. This article aims to discuss to what extent and in what ways El Sistema in Sweden can be regarded as an example of community music practice and further to argue for a critical approach when analysing this particular music education venture. By using discursive tools we try to move beyond preconceptions based on educational and cultural beliefs. In addition, a critical perspective also makes it possible to pay attention to what is at stake in a specific music education context.
Differences in psychological well-being between choristers and non-choristers in older adults
Authors: Pérez-Aldeguer Santiago , Leganés Esther-Noemi
Published: February 2015

To date, several studies from a variety of fields have demonstrated how musical behaviours such as singing or listening provide multiple benefits on well-being and health. The purpose of the current study was to examine the differences in psychological well-being (PWB) between older adult amateur choristers and non-choristers. The participants comprised 496 men and women who ranged in age between 64 and 78 years. They were distributed into two groups according to whether they participated or not in a choir. Participants completed a Spanish adaptation of the Ryff well-being psychological scales using a six-point Likert scale. This instrument evaluates self-acceptance, positive relationships, autonomy, environmental management, personal growth and purpose in life. The results showed that improved PWB was greatest for choristers. The most positive variables of PWB for the chorister group included personal growth, environmental management and positive relationships. Women reported greater improvements in PWB than men, and they perceived positive relationships, personal growth and self-acceptance as the most positive variables. Implications for the use of choirs in older adults are examined and limitations of the study are discussed.
The effectiveness of metformin in patients with metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Butrova S A , Eliseeva A Yu , Il'in A V
Published: February 2015

The mechanism of action of metformin is realized through activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, leading to a decrease hepatic glucose production as well as to decrease the synthesis of triglycerides and an increase in fat oxidation. Several studies have demonstrated the positive effect of the drug in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, manifested in reducing the activity of enzymes, reducing the size of the liver and insulin resistance. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of metformin in patients with metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The study found that the use Siofor 850 mg 2 times a day in conjunction with a reduced-calorie nutrition in patients with metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease leads to a significant reduction in insulin resistance associated with decreased activity of transaminases, improvement of metabolic parameters. The therapy Siofor majority of patients (60%) with metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease achieved a clinically significant weight loss and improved body composition. Application Siofor improves lifestyle changes in obese patients with non-alcoholic liver disease dirovoy and metabolic disorders.
Menstrual and reproductive function repair in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity by correcting of glucose intolerance
Authors: Lineva O I , Glukhova M V
Published: February 2015

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of sibutramine on metabolic and hormonal parameters in women with PCOS and obesity. Materials and methods. The study included 53 women aged 18 to 35 years (mean age 31,3 ± 1,1 years) with PCOS and obesity. All patients received therapy with sibutramine. The total treatment duration was 6 months. The treatment was evaluated monthly nature of the menstrual cycle, anthropometric parameters (body weight, BMI, ON, ON, ON / OF). The Results. The studies found that after 3 months of treatment with weight loss was 8,1 ± 0,31 kg, after 6 months - 13,1 ± 0,78 kg (p 0,05). Results of the survey of women included in this study strongly support the negative impact of obesity on the functional state of the reproductive system, evidenced by the high incidence of anovulation, rhythm disturbances of menstruation (amenorrhea up to), infertility. Conclusions. The obtained results once again confirm the high efficacy and safety of sibutramine to reduce body mass, suggest correction of metabolic, hormonal disorders and positive impact on women's reproductive health. This allows us to consider the use of sibutramine in women with PCOS and obesity as a way to restore the endocrine function of the reproductive system.
Auf den Spuren transnationaler Lebenswelten
Authors: Bender Désirée , Hollstein Tina , Huber Lena , Schweppe Cornelia
Published: February 2015

Dieses wissenschaftliche Lesebuch begibt sich auf die Spuren transnationaler Lebenswelten. Auf originelle Weise verknüpfen die Autorinnen klassische und literarische wissenschaftliche Darstellungsweisen: Am Beispiel von Migrantinnen und Migranten in Deutschland, deren Lebensverhältnisse durch knappe finanzielle Ressourcen gekennzeichnet sind, betrachtet der Band unterschiedliche Facetten ihres Alltags sowie Herausforderungen und Praktiken, die nationalstaatliche Grenzen überspannen. Die spannend und informativ aufbereiteten Themen bewegen sich im Schnittfeld von (Sozial-)Pädagogik, Soziologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnologie und Psychologie.
Superman transmedial
Authors: Meier Stefan
Published: February 2015

Seit den 1930er Jahren durchstreift Superman die Populärkultur als serielle Inkarnation des (post-)modernen Helden. Dabei hat der Man of Steel nahezu jedes Medium durchlaufen und mit den Jahren globale Verbreitung erlangt. Vor dem Hintergrund kulturwissenschaftlicher Diskurse lenkt Stefan Meier den Blick auf einen bislang kaum beachteten Aspekt der Figur: ihre Verortung im Spannungsfeld von Medienökonomie, Serialität und Medienwandel. In Momentaufnahmen von Situationen des Umbruchs und der Zäsur diskutiert die Studie eine Vielzahl von Texten und zeichnet die Geschichte des Superman-Narrativs als eine des medialen Wandels im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert nach.
Silk coating as a novel delivery system and reversible adhesive for stiffening and shaping flexible probes
Authors: Metallo Cinzia , A. Trimmer Barry
Published: February 2015

The performance of any implantable electrode depends not only on its recording or stimulation capabilities but also on its position in relation to the target site. Electrode displacement during or after implantation represents a major issue as it might result in tissue damage or incorrect recording or stimulation location, complicating the interpretation of experimental data. Although thin-film electrode arrays have overcome some of the main limitations of more traditional, stiffer probes, their intrinsic flexibility and unilateral contacts represent a new challenge: they tend to bend during insertion and are difficult to implant simultaneously while maintaining a specific relative position. Here, we present a method that addresses all these issues using a coating of silk fibroin, a versatile protein derived from silkworm cocoons. The method is demonstrated by acquiring electromyographic (EMG) recordings in Manduca sexta, a soft-bodied animal that exemplifies the issues of electrode insertion and placement in delicate and deformable tissues.
Examining effectiveness of social clubs in educational organizations: Need for change in implementation
Authors: Akar Filiz , Nayir Funda
Published: February 2015

This study aims to identify the opinions and recommendations of students concerning the effectiveness of social clubs in state primary and high schools in İstanbul. In this survey both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The study comprises of a sample of 1574 students. The data of the study was collected through the "Opinions About the Aims of Social Clubs Scale" which was developed by the researchers. The quantitative data was analysed by using percentages, frequencies, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, independent t-test and ANOVA. To analyse the qualitative data, content analysis technique was used. According to results high school students think that social clubs are ineffective, however, primary school students think that social clubs are effective. there was a significant difference according to level of education and grade level. The reasons of ineffectiveness of school social clubs were collected under four themes which are "Implementation Gap", "Managerial Problems", "Personal Reasons" , "Lack of Importance". The reasons for students finding the social clubs ineffective were that school principals and teachers did not find social clubs activities' important, no meetings or events were conducted and insufficient club course hours.
Integrierte Modellierung von Geschäftsprozessen und Kommunikationsereignissen im ÖPNV
Authors: Schnieder Lars , Wermser Diederich , Barrilero Marta
Published: February 2015

Die Kommunikation zwischen Leitstelle und Fahrzeugen und Fahrzeugen untereinander ist für den effizienten Betrieb
des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (ÖPNV) zentral. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine auf offenen Standards basierende
Kommunikationsarchitektur für Anwendungen im ÖPNV vor. In den Anwendungen werden verteilte Geschäftsprozesse und
Kommunikationsereignisse integriert modelliert.
Strukturierte Modellierung, Simulation und Überwachung verteilter Automatisierungssysteme
Authors: Diekhake Patrick , Schnieder Eckehard
Published: February 2015

Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der methodischen Analyse verteilter Automatisierungssysteme. Dafür wird eine systemtheoretische
Darstellung über die Attributhierarchie bereitgestellt, die der weiteren Modellierung mittels Petrinetzen dient. Zur
Zeitverhaltensanalyse werden die grundlegenden Modelle der asynchronen Zyklusübergänge und des Buszugriffs erläutert sowie
Simulationsergebnisse vorgestellt und validiert. Aus der Simulation eines vollständigen Informationsprozesses lassen sich
realitätsnahe Aussagen zu tolerierbaren Grenzwerten ableiten, die im operativen Betrieb überwacht werden.
Ditches of destruction – Cyril of Alexandria and the rhetoric of public security
Authors: Kahlos Maijastina
Published: February 2015

This article examines the rhetoric of destruction and damage with which Cyril of Alexandria depicted Nestorius and the deviating theological views during the Christological dispute (the Nestorian controversy). In my analysis, I focus on Cyril’s ways of appealing to security, unity and peace. One of the aims of this article is retranslate Cyril from a venerated church father into a late antique opinion leader who had both the capacity and the power to persuade and who used language not only for describing, but also for moulding social reality. Consequently, I draw attention to the rhetorical techniques by which he constructed the disagreement of theological views into a heresy that dangers the life and salvation of fellow Christians. In this analysis, the discursive category called “orthodoxy” is, therefore, understood as a process in which “orthodoxy” was continually defined, redefined, tested, retested, preserved and challenged in particular historical situations. Cyril’s rhetoric of confrontation and the ways he represented himself as the guardian of the correct doctrine were in line with the conventions of other earlier ancient as well as contemporary ecclesiastical writers. Furthermore, in this article, Cyril’s rhetoric of confrontation is considered in the framework of the reign of Theodosius II. Guarding the borderlines of the correct doctrine was associated with protecting the borders of the Roman Empire. The concerns for heresy and orthodoxy were increasingly understood as an issue of public security: thus, what was claimed to be at stake was not only the unity of the church, but also the fate of the whole Empire, as Cyril’s argumentation shows.
Açıksaray “Open Palace”: a Byzantine rock-cut settlement in Cappadocia
Authors: Öztürk Fatma Gül
Published: February 2015

Courtyard complexes formed entirely out of the volcanic rock mass in Cappadocia, in Central Anatolia, differ from the other rock-cut structures in the region, in both scale and elaboration of design. There are more than forty such complexes in Cappadocia, either gathered in one location or isolated. Located on the Nevşehir-Gülşehir road, Açıksaray contains nine such complexes in close proximity, many of which feature monumental façades as well as reception areas and utilitarian spaces such as large stables around a courtyard. This paper, in the light of survey results, presents site analysis and architectural readings that lead the discussion of the nature and stages of occupation at Açıksaray. By doing this, the paper aims to bring new insights to the discussion on courtyard complexes, adding details and nuance to our understanding of the Açıksaray settlement, while noting similarities with other settlements in the region. Underlining the secular and elite character of the Açıksaray settlement, this study contributes in particular to enlarging the picture of medieval life in Cappadocia, and in general to the studies of Byzantine domestic architecture, for which architectural evidence is still scarce.
Miniature diptych from Jerusalem
Authors: Tchekhanovets Yana
Published: February 2015

The article presents a miniature Byzantine diptych icon incorporated in a bone box, which was recently discovered in archaeological excavations in Jerusalem. The find was unearthed on the pedestrian sidewalk of the Byzantine street, in a sealed and well stratified context dated to the beginning of the 7
The Spatial Signification of Shanghai Shikumen Longtang
Authors: Wu Tong
Published: February 2015

In this paper I claim that the spatial structural system of Shanghai Shikumen Longtang constitutes a sign system based on its architectural semiotics. The paper focuses on the structure of the architectural space, including the interactive relationship between the architectural spatial structure and its residents. The research agenda undertakes a theoretical study of modern architectural semiotics by means of syntactic and semantic analyses of the spatial structure of Shanghai Shikumen Longtang, including as well an analysis of the pragmatics of meaning in production and reproduction in Shanghai Shikumen Longtang. The application of spatial language grammar in the analysis reveals the meaning of the sign system of the architectural spatial structure and pragmatic communication of Shanghai Shikumen Longtang, decodes the profound and intricate signification in the spatial system of Shanghai Shikumen Longtang and suggests a deeper and broader view for recognizing the underlying meaning system of the Longtang in the urban space of modern Shanghai City.
Human Life, Symbol and Writing
Authors: Petrilli Susan
Published: February 2015

This essay proposes a reading of L’Oiseau bleu, féerie en six actes et douze tableaux, a play of 1909 by Maurice Maeterlinck, translated into various languages, including English. Given the central role played in it by the symbol, this work is particularly interesting if considered in the framework of the general science of signs, or semiotics. Moreover, through this work Maeterlinck proposes a vision of the cosmic order and thematizes the positive and vital character of plurality and of difference.
Boundary value problems of stationary oscillation of thermoelasticity of microstretch materials with microtemperatures
Authors: Giorgashvili Levan , Jaghmaidze Aslan , Karseladze Giorgi , Sadunishvili Guram
Published: February 2015

We consider the stationary oscillation case of the theory of linear thermoelasticity with microtemperatures of microstretch materials. A representation formula of a general solution of a homogeneous system of differential equations is written in terms of eight metaharmonic functions. Such formulas are very convenient and useful in many specific problems of concrete geometry. We demonstrate an application of these formulas to Dirichlet and Neumann type boundary value problems in a ball. Explicit solutions in the form of absolutely and uniformly convergent series are constructed.
Evolutionary divergence of Threonine Aspartase1 leads to species-specific substrate recognition
Authors: Wünsch Désirée , Hahlbrock Angelina , Heiselmayer Christina , Bäcker Sandra , Schrenk Christian , Benne Franziska , Schilling Oliver , Knauer Shirley K.
Published: February 2015

Proteases are key regulators of life. Human Threonine Aspartase1 processes substrates, such as the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) protein, containing two cleavage sites, CS1 and CS2. Likewise, MLL’sDrosophilaortholog trithorax is cleaved byDrosophilaThreonineAspartase1 (dTasp), suggesting a mechanistic coevolution. However, a detailed analysis of dTasp’s function was missing so far. Here, active and inactive dTasp mutants allowed to compare substrate recognition and cleavage site selectivity of human andDrosophilaenzymes. In contrast to the human protease, our cell-based assay revealed a preferential processing of CS2-like (QLD↓Gx[xD/Dx]) targets for dTasp, whereas cleavage of CS1-like targets (QVD↓Gx[xD/Dx]) was significantly impaired. Systematic mutagenesis of the CS2 sequence defined the motif x[FILMW]D↓Gx[xD/Dx] as the consensus cleavage sequence for dTasp. Substrate species selectivity of the enzymes was uncovered by demonstrating that dTasp cleavesDrosophilaTFIIA, but not the human ortholog, suggesting evolutionary divergence of TFIIA downstream networks. Also,DrosophilaUSF2 was neither predicted nor cleaved by dTasp. Moreover, we found that dTasp cleavage site selectivity is independent of heterocomplex formation, as dTasp exists predominantly as an αβ-monomer. Collectively, we provide novel insights into evolutionary similarities and divergence concerning Threonine Aspartase1 function in different species, which may aid to dissect and better target human Threonine Aspartase1 in malignancies.
Problematic internet use and social networking site use among Dutch adolescents
Authors: Jelenchick Lauren A. , Hawk Skyler T. , Moreno Megan A.
Published: February 2015

Problematic Internet use (PIU), defined as Internet use that is risky, excessive, or impulsive in nature and leads to adverse life consequences, is an emerging health concern among adolescents worldwide. Social networking site (SNS) use is among the most popular and common Internet use activities for youth; however, risks of SNS use for PIU remain unexplored. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of adolescents at risk for PIU within a national school-based sample of Dutch adolescents and to explore associations between SNS use and PIU. Adolescents were recruited from six public schools in the Netherlands to complete a survey, which included SNS use questions and the Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale (PRIUSS). Logistic regression models were used to test associations between risk for PIU and demographic or SNS use variables. A total of 474 adolescents participated (98% response rate), and 11% (n=51) of adolescents were at risk for PIU. Risk for PIU was significantly associated with gender (p=0.015), increased age (p=0.034), and posting on SNS more than four times a day (p=0.003). Risk for PIU was not associated with number of SNS profiles, SNS preference or the number of online friends. Findings illustrate high risk groups for PIU includes males and older teens. Findings also illuminate that risk for PIU related to SNS was not associated with a specific SNS or number of SNSs used but was related to one’s personal investment in SNSs by posting four or more times a day.
MAP Fault Localization Based on Wide Area Synchronous Phasor Measurement Information
Authors: Zhang Yagang , Wang Zengping
Published: February 2015

In the research of complicated electrical engineering, the emergence of phasor measurement units (PMU) is a landmark event. The establishment and application of wide area measurement system (WAMS) in power system has made widespread and profound influence on the safe and stable operation of complicated power system. In this paper, taking full advantage of wide area synchronous phasor measurement information provided by PMUs, we have carried out precise fault localization based on the principles of maximum posteriori probability (MAP). Large numbers of simulation experiments have confirmed that the results of MAP fault localization are accurate and reliable. Even if there are interferences from white Gaussian stochastic noise, the results from MAP classification are also identical to the actual real situation.
Using “Think Aloud” to Capture Clinical Reasoning during Patient Simulation
Authors: Burbach Beth , Barnason Susan , Thompson Sarah A
Published: February 2015

Think Aloud (TA), a strategy in which subjects are instructed to verbalize thoughts as they occur while completing an assigned task, was integrated into a study of clinical reasoning during high fidelity patient simulation by baccalaureate nursing students. TA methods in nursing education research with patient simulation have not previously been reported. Concurrent TA (verbalization of thoughts in short-term memory) and retrospective TA (reflective thoughts verbalized during an immediate post-simulation interview) methods facilitated the collection of rich and meaningful data. Students demonstrated distinct patterns in verbalization during concurrent TA, including public and private thoughts, narration of care, and the use of the pause to facilitate clinical reasoning. Retrospective TA data provided rich descriptions of reflection-on-action. TA provides a rich source of data regarding clinical reasoning as experienced by the baccalaureate nursing student during high fidelity patient simulation.
Tucidide, Pausania e l’iscrizione nel portico degli Ateniesi a Delfi
Authors: Fantasia Ugo
Published: February 2015

Pausanias saw in the Athenian Stoa at Delphi an inscription, different from the one still visible on the Stoa’s stylobate, which he rightly connected with Phormio’s victories in the Corinthian Gulf in 429 BC (10, 11, 6). The not exact correspondence between its contents reported by Pausanias and some details of the narrative in Thucydides enables us to reconstruct with a greater precision the movements of Phormio after the two battles. On the other hand, the quite unnoticed exact correspondence between the Spartan allies listed in the inscription as reported by Pausanias and the catalogue of Spartan naval allies in Thuc. 2, 9, 3, as well as the absence from these lists of Anactorion, although her ships had joined the Peloponnesian fleet at least in the earliest phases of that campaign, give grounds for the suggestion that Thucydides’ catalogue mirrors the make-up of the Peloponnesian fleet that actually fought in 429 and that just the inscription seen by Pausanias may have been (one of) his source(s).
Crassus’ Command in the War against Spartacus (73–71 BCE): His Official Position, Forces and Political Spoils
Authors: Juliaan Vervaet Frederik
Published: February 2015

Late in 72 BCE, Spartacus’ stunning series of victories over the consuls L. Gellius Publicola and Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Clodianus and then the proconsul C. Cassius Longinus (cos. 73) triggered a dearth of candidates for the consular and praetorian elections for 71. This deadlock was broken only when M. Licinius Crassus announced that he would run for praetor, declaring he was prepared to accept the command against Spartacus. Immediately following his election, Crassus began preparing, probably receiving a grant of delegated praetorium imperium to bridge the interval between election and assumption of office. Having raised no less than six legions, personally advancing the funds required, he also took command of the two consular legions in the field. By means of this enormous army as well as his relentless efforts and strict discipline, he managed to put an end to this protracted and inglorious war in the span of six months. At some point in the summer or early autumn of 71, the equestrian proconsul Cn. Pompeius Magnus, back from Spain, decided he would settle for nothing less than another public triumph and the consulship itself. In order to secure these top prizes, he brazenly refused to disband his army, instead using it as leverage, just as he had already done in 81 and 77. Crassus, for his part, felt he could not fall behind, and entered into an unlikely if formidable alliance with his political rival. As both men ran on a strong popularis platform, the Senate now found itself between hammer and anvil. Consequently, the Conscript Fathers had little choice but to grant Pompeius as well as Crassus the required dispensations from the Cornelian Law. Although they subsequently honoured their popular commitments as consuls, that neither Pompeius nor Crassus chose to disband their armies until sometime late in their tenure suggests that their entente was anything but cordial. Interestingly, it was Crassus who defused this dangerous stalemate by making the decisive first move towards formal reconciliation, albeit in the face of massive public pressure. Paradoxically, the defining features of Sulla’s new constitutional arrangement were buried by two of his foremost associates as they first trampled two critical Cornelian laws in order to seize a joint consulship and next passed legislation restoring the powers of the tribunes of the plebs and altering the balance of power in the court juries.
Theoderic and the Italic Kingdom in Cassiodorus’ „Gothic History“: A Hypothesis of Reconstruction
Authors: Vitiello Massimiliano
Published: February 2015

This article aims to reconstruct the representation of Theoderic in the lost „Gothic History“ of Cassiodorus. Scholars generally agree that much of the Getica of Jordanes was derived from Cassiodorus’ „History“, though it does not contain any of the eulogies of Theoderic and the Goths, which surely abounded in Cassiodorus’ work. Jordanes’ account of Theoderic king of Italy is investigated here in parallel with other documents, in particular Cassiodorus’ „Chronicle“, and some paragraphs of the Anonymus Valesianus II that may have derived from Cassiodorus. A careful study based in Quellenforschung brings to light a possible sketch of Cassiodorus’ original portrayal of Theoderic and the Ostrogothic Kingdom.
Terrorism and Political Self-Placement in European Union Countries
Authors: Economou Athina , Kollias Christos
Published: February 2015

Studies have shown that citizens’ risk-perceptions and risk-assessment are affected by large scale terrorist acts. Reported evidence shows that individuals are often willing to trade-off civil liberties for enhanced security particularly as a post-terrorist attack reaction as well as adopting more conservative views. Within this strand of the literature, this paper examines whether terrorism and in particular mass-casualty terrorist attacks affect citizens’ political self-placement on the left-right scale of the political spectrum. To this effect the Eurobarometer surveys for 12 European Union countries are utilized and ordered logit models are employed for the period 1985–2010 with over 230,000 observations used in the estimations. On balance, the findings reported herein seem to be pointing to a shift in respondents’ self-positioning towards the right of the political spectrum.
Challenges and recommendations for using membranes in wastewater-based microbial fuel cells for in situ Fenton oxidation for textile wastewater treatment
Authors: Asghar Anam , Abdul Raman Abdul Aziz , Wan Daud Wan Mohd Ashri
Published: February 2015

Wastewater-based microbial fuel cell is a promising green technology that can potentially be used to treat recalcitrant wastewater such as textile wastewater through
The Vickrey-Clarke-Groves “Pivotal Mechanism” as an Alternative to Voting for Organizational Control
Authors: Listokin Yair
Published: February 2015

Organizations with multiple stakeholders typically make decisions by following the will of the majority of some subset of stakeholders that are entitled to vote. This Article examines an alternative decisionmaking mechanism - the “pivotal” mechanism developed by Vickrey, Groves and Clarke. Unlike voting, the pivotal mechanism produces efficient outcomes in the presence of heterogeneous voter preferences. Moreover, the mechanism allows control rights to be allocated more widely, reducing the costs of opportunism when a controlling class of stakeholders has interests adverse to another class. These benefits come with costs. The pivotal mechanism’s efficiency diminishes in the presence of collusion between voters and requires the creation of “pools” that disperse revenues created by the mechanism. The mechanism is therefore most attractive when the costs of heterogeneity are large and the risks of collusion are small. As a result, I propose the development of a legal basis for the pivotal mechanism as a menu option for organizational decision-making.
Monte-Carlo Calculations of the Electrical Resistance of Ultra-Thin Metal Films
Authors: Finzel H.-U. , Wißmann P.
Published: February 2015

The thickness dependence of the electrical resistance of ultra-thin metal films is calculated under the assumption that atoms or clusters of equal shape and size impinge and stick upon the substrate with statistical equipartition. The deposition process is simulated with the aid of a random generator. By network analysis an initially strong and then weaker decrease of the resistance with increasing film thickness is found.
Neutron Diffraction with the Metallic Glass Ni31Dy69 ( + 10 a/o D) Using Isotopic Substitution
Authors: Wildermuth A. , Lamparter P. , Steeb S.
Published: February 2015

By neutron diffraction using the method of isotopic substitution with the amorphous alloy Ni31Dy69 the partial structure factors SNiNi, SDyDy and SNiDy were obtained, furthermore with the same specimen containing 10 a/o deuterium a partial structure factor SDD resulted. For the evaluation of SDD it was necessary to perform the neutron diffraction experiment with an alloy whose both components were zero scattering isotopic mixtures of Ni or Dy, respectively.
Asymptotic Freedom and QCD Scaling Law
Authors: Sidhanta Jiben , Roychoudhury Rajkumar
Published: February 2015

We present a derivation of the QCD scaling law on the basis of asymptotic freedom
Quantelung der Zeit und Quantenmechanik
Authors: Börner M.
Published: February 2015

If the universe as a whole can be described as an ordered succession of discrete (Eigen-)states, the parameter of this order, a number t (t ∈ ℤ.) plays the role of a quantizised time. Then a particle (with mass m) as a substructure of the universe no longer follows a classical equation of motion with the moment p and the position x. The functional connection between these two quantities is rather a distribution. Especially there no longer exists the classical union of differential equation-initial conditions-path. The path is now only understandable as average, introducing a continuously running time. A central part for finding p̄ and x̄ as such averages, is played by the expectation values of these new quantities. Since the expectation values depend on all discrete points x(t) ( − ∞ ≦ t ≦ + ∞), we find sumrelations, which we can approximate by integrals. The integration extends over all d.x resp. dp-elements, which are loaded with the probability of their appearance. Following this procedure p and x become operators. If we postulate p̄ and p̄ to fulfil Newtons law, we find the ψxand ψp functions, constituting the resp. probability densities, to be governed by Shroedingers equation. The necessary existence of a quantum mechanics can thus be a reference to the existence of a noncontinuous time.
Analysis of “Hot” Bands Associating to the ν2 Fundamental Band of HC5N
Authors: Yamada K. M. T. , Winnewisser G.
Published: February 2015

The v2 fundamental band of cyanobutadiyne, HC5N, is accompanied by a number of strong hot bands arising from the low energy bending exicted states. We have assigned and analyzed the hot band from the ν11= 1, 2, and 3 states and the ν10= 1 state. The l-type doubling effect has been observed in the hot band of ν11 = 1, while the hot band of ν10= 1 did not show the splitting. The diode laser spectra were recorded between 2250 and 2260 cm−1.
Surface Analysis and Structures Spherical Crystals of Very Clean Au, Cu and Au-Cu Alloys Grown from a Drop of Melt
Authors: Grosser B. , Menzel E.
Published: February 2015

Surface impurities on spherical Au and Cu crystals grown from a drop of melt on graphite in UHV were analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy after the metals had been cleaned by melting resp. roasting in air. Crystals of Au-Cu alloys grown by the same technique show enrichment of the less abundant component.

The well known reconstructions Au(001)(5×20) and Au(111)(23×1) could not be detected by RHEED and LEED on cleaned Au crystals. But both structures were confirmed on crystals of Au + 45 at ppm Cu. Au(110)(1×2) was present on cleaned and weakly Cu alloyed Au crystals.
The Structure of Some Univalent Metal Nitrate Melts Studied by Means of Pulsed Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Yamaguchi Toshio , Tamura Yusuke , Okada Isao , Ohtaki Hitoshi , Misawa Masakatsu , Watanabe Noboru
Published: February 2015

The structure factors of molten LiNO3, RbNO3 and AgNO3 and the 1:1 LiNO3-RbNO3 mixture have been determined over a wide range of momentum transfer by neutron total scattering measurements using a pulsed spallation neutron source. Least-squares analyses applied to the intra-ionic part of the structure factors have revealed the geometry of nitrate ions to be equilateral triangular (the D3h symmetry) in the melts, independent of the cations involved. The radial distribution function (RDF) of the AgNO3 melt has indicated that about four nitrate ions are bound to an Ag+ ion as a monodentate ligand with the shortest Ag-O distance of 240 pm. The contact between lithium atoms and nitrate ions was also evidenced at about 190 pm in the RDF of the melts containing lithium ions, but the orientation of the nitrate toward lithium ions was not conclusive in the present study.
Zur Photolumineszenz von Benzologen des Thiophens
Authors: Zander Maximilian
Published: February 2015

Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra, fluorescence and phosphorescence quantum yields and phosphorescence lifetimes of the benzologues I -V of thiophene have been measured in ethanol at 77 K. By comparing the energies of the lowest triplet states of the molecules with those of corresponding hydrocarbons it is concluded that the sulphur atoms act like substituents and are not equivalent to aromatic double bonds. The rate of the radiationless deactivation of the lowest triplet state depends on the energy gap Δ E(T1 - S0) in accordance with the Siebrand relation. An unexpected small intraannullar heavy-atom effect of the sulphur is observed in 2,2′-bis-benzo[b]thienyl (II), a strongly fluorescing compound. As the most likely explanation it is concluded from experiments that in II the interaction between the heavy-atom and the π-MO’s of the hydrocarbon fragment (1,4-biphenylbutadiene) is much smaller compared to that in other structurally related benzologues of thiophene. External heavy-atom perturbers (AgClO4, CH3J) have a strong influence on the vibronic structure of the phosphorescence spectrum of IV.
Kathodolumineszenz der Seltenerd-aktivierten Wirtsgitter Sr3La2W2O12 und Ca2La0,5Na0,5WO6
Authors: Braun R. , Otto R. , Wischert W. , Kemmler-Sack S.
Published: February 2015

By activation of the host lattices Sr3La2W2O12 and Ca2La0,5Na0,5WO6 with the trivalent rare earth ions Ln3+ = Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er a cathodoluminescence in the visible region is obtained. The influence of the electronic structure and concentration of the activator on the relative emission efficiency as well as the host lattice participation in the energy transfer processes are discussed.
The Rotational Spectrum of Propane Centrifugal Distortion Analysis
Authors: Bestmann G. , Dreizler H. , Vacherand J. M. , Boucher D. , Eijck B. P. van , Demaison J.
Published: February 2015

The ground state rotational spectrum of propane has been investigated between 6.4 and 26.5 GHz with a microwave Fourier transform spectrometer and between 140 and 300 GHz with a millimeter-wave spectrometer. High J transitions have been measured and fitted to a centrifugally distorted Hamiltonian including some sextic coefficients. The results of the analysis are sufficiently accurate for the prediction of all strong transitions of astrophysical interest.
Notizen: 57Fe Isomer Shift Calibration Experiment
Authors: Daniel H. , Hartmann F. J. , Pitesa B.
Published: February 2015

The 4 s electron contact density was measured on 57Fe atoms embedded in Au and in graphite. With the help of the isomer shifts measured on the same sources an estimate of the radial difference 〈Δ r2〉 was obtained which is rather independent of assumptions: - 〈Δ r2〉 < 9 x 10−3 fm2 at 80 per cent confidence.
Eine Welt im Werden
Authors: Bopp Fritz
Published: February 2015

If μ equals the average value of the cosmical density of matter, and if G equals Newton's gravitational constant, the length R = c/√Gμ nearly yields the radius of the world. Therefore it should not be necessary to introduce a second radius K of the same kind as in Einstein's or Friedman's line element ds2 = - gμν( x / K ) dχμ dχν. For this reason, we apply Einstein's field equations on the line element ds2 = dt2 - ∫ (ϱ)2 dr2, ϱ = r/t, c = 1, and obtain a world which is steadily coming to be. The Big-Bang-world is replaced by an expanding one whose mass M is steadily growing according to dM/dt ~ c3/G. It should be taken into account that less assumptions are necessary for a general relativistic world which is coming to be.
Refractive Index of Molten Li NO3– KNO2 and NaNO3 - NaNO2 Systems
Authors: Iwadate Y. , Tominaga J. , Igarashi K. , Mochinaga J.
Published: February 2015

Goniometry was used to measure the refractive indexes of molten LiNO3-KNO2 and NaNO3-NaNO2 mixtures.The index data were smoothed as functions of temperature and wavelength using the modified Cauchy relation. Information on electronic polarization is also reported.
Mono- and Bistable Mixtures of Interacting Antipodes
Authors: Klemm Alfred
Published: February 2015

The evolution of mixtures of interacting antipodes (e.g. chiral, sexual or elementary particle antipodes), in the absence of higher than second order reactions and biased influences, is studied by integrating the rate equation

where x and (1- x) are the relative amounts of the antipodes and n is the total amount, for constant n and q, where q =1- 4s τ/n with s = e + nƒ2 + n2 g3 ≧ 0 and τ = 1/n(g1 - g2 + g3). x remains stationary if τ = ∞. Monostability, i.e. evolution towards x= ½ , results if q < 0 or q > 1, and bistability, i.e. evolution towards .x = ½(1 ± √q) for the initial conditions≶½ respectively, if 0 < q < 1. Evolution towards x = ½(x = 0, 1) for τ < 0 (τ > 0) results if q = 1. Sequential mergers of systems with x = 0, 1 and unequal sizes may in cases explain why, even without biased influences, there often exists only one of the antipodes in our present world.
MINDO-Forces Study on the Relative Stabilities of Hydroxy- and Aminopyridine Tautomers
Authors: Khalil Salim M.
Published: February 2015

Relative stabilities of monosubstituted hydroxy- and aminopyridine tautomers have been calculated using the semiempirical MINDO-Forces MO method with full geometries optimization. The lactim tautomers proved to be more stable except in the case of 2-hydroxypyridine. The results are in good agreement with some theoretical and experimental values.
Smectic A1 — Smectic Ad Transition in Binary Mixtures of Compounds with Strongly Polar Terminal Groups
Authors: Bahr Ch. , Heppke G. , Shashidhar R.
Published: February 2015

On the basis of high pressure studies we present here the evidence for the existence of a smectic A1 - smectic Ad transition at high pressure in a binary liquid crystal mixture consisting of terminally polar compounds. A feature of this observation is that both the constituent compounds are three phenyl ring systems wherein the bridging dipoles are disposed additive with respect to the polar end group.
Phosphoreszenzeigenschaften von [2,2](1,4)Naphthalinoparacyclophan und [2,2](1,4)Chrysenoparacyclophan und deren Grundzustandskomplexen mit Silberperchlorat
Authors: Hopf H. , Zander M. , Hucker J.
Published: February 2015

Due to the cyclophane structure the energies of the lowest triplet state, phosphorescence lifetimes and phosphorescence/fluorescence quantum yield ratios of [2,2](l,4)naphthalenoparacyclophane (2) and [2,2](1.4)chrysenoparacyclophane (4) differ markedly from the data of 1,4-dimethyl naphthalene and chrysene respectively. By ground state complexation of 2 and 4 with silver Perchlorate the transannular interaction in the cyclophanes is reduced. In contrast to naphthalene. 2 does not effectively quench the benzophenone phosphorescence in benzophenone/ 2 mixed crystals at 77 K. It is shown, however, that this cannot be regarded as a specific property of 2 but rather as an example of the more general phenomenon that steric or stereoelectronic factors can play a considerable role in intermolecular triplet-triplet energy transfer.