bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Clearing (Penjernihan) Toluene Terhadap Kualitas Sediaan Permanen Cimex lectularis
Authors: Abdul Ghofur  , Tuti Suparyati  , Asip Qolbi
Published: June 2023

Preparat Permanen merupakan upaya teknisi laboratorium untuk melakukan pemeriksaan secara mikroskopis baik itu mengidentifikasi, mengenali dan mengetahui struktur tubuh dari morfologi suatu organisme secara jelas. Proses pembuatan preparat permanen salah satunya melalui tahapan clearing (penjernihan). Clearing merupakan suatu proses yang bertujuan menjadikan struktur Cimex lectularius terlihat lebih jelas, jernih, dan transparan saat diamati menggunakan mikroskop. Reagen clearing yang biasa digunakan dalam tahapan pembuatan sediaan permanen yaitu xylol (xylene), toluene, aceton, dan minyak cengkeh. Waktu clearing mempengaruhi kualitas sediaan permanen sehinggga perlu dilakukan dengan variasi waktu supaya mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi waktu clearing (penjernihan) toluene  terhadap kualitas sediaan permanen Cimex lectularius. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen. Sampel diproses  untuk 12 preparat dilakukan pembuatan sediaan  permanen dengan menggunakan 4 variasi waktu Clearing yaitu 5, 10, 15 dan 20 menit.
Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukkan sediaan preparat dengan perlakuaan clearing 5 menit lebih baik  jika dibandingkan dengan sediaan permanen dengan perlakuan clearing 10, 15  dan 20 menit.
Dapat dsimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan uji statistik Kruskal wallish test dengan nilai sign 0,025 maka ada pengaruh variasi waktu clearing terhadap kualitas sediaan permanen Cimex lectularius.
COMPARISONAL ANALYSIS OF LEVELS OF LEAD (Pb) IN FLYINGFISH (Decapterus sp) FOR SALE IN KAIRATU MARKET AND TRADITIONAL MARKET AT MARDIKA AMBON WITH SSA METHOD
Authors: Cut Bidara Panita Umar  , Amelia Nilwele  , Neneng Ita Temmar
Published: June 2023

Lead is one of the non-essential heavy metals which is very dangerous and inhibits the activity of enzymes involved in the formation of hemoglobin (Hb) and a small part of lead (Pb) is excreted in the urine or feces because some of it is bound by protein, while the rest accumulates in the kidneys, liver, nails, adipose tissue, and hair. Fish are aquatic organisms that can move quickly. Fish in general have the ability to avoid the effects of water pollution. If the body of the fish contains high levels of heavy metals and exceeds the normal limits that have been determined, it indicates that environmental pollution has occurred. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of lead in flying fish (Decapterus sp) which are sold in the Kairatu market and the Ambon Mardika market. The research design is atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results of the analysis of lead (Pb) levels in flying fish which are traded in the Kairatu market and the Ambon mardika market in the morning, it can be concluded as follows: From the two samples studied, the samples did not get Pb levels that the samples were below the threshold, namely ≤ 0.25 ppm
Gambaran Kadar Jumlah Eritrosit Pada Pekerja Bengkel Motor Yang Terpapar Asap Kendaraan Bermotor di Sekitar Wiradesa
Authors: Subur Wibowo  , Suparyati
Published: June 2023

Kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan jumlah setiap tahunnya. Peningkatan tersebut menambah juga bengkel motor untuk pelayanan perbaikan dan perawatan. Dampak negatif dari proses perawatan dan perbaikan motor tersebut adalah tingginya tingkat polusi udara serta emisi, gas buangan kendaraan motor di tempat bengkel tersebut. Paparan dari asap kendaraan bermotor dapat menyebabkan keracunan bagi tubuh manusia. Paparan timbal dengan kadar rendah yang berlangsung secara terus menerus dalam jangka waktu lama akan menghambat pembentukan sel darah merah. Efek keracunan timbal akan berpengaruh pada hasil indeks eritrosit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar jumlah eritrosit pada pekerja bengkel motor yang terpapar asap kendaraan bermotor di daerah Wiradesa kabupaten Pekalongan. Metode yang di lakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik. Penelitian di lakukan di laboratorium Hematologi Akademi Analis Kesehatan Pekalongan dengan sampel 25 orang, metode pemeriksaan perhitungan secara mikroskopis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 9 dari 25 responden memiliki nilai eritrosit normal dengan jumlah persentase 46% dan 14 responden memiliki nilai eritrosit rendah dengan jumlah persentase 64%
Gambaran Hasil Pemeriksaan Sifilis Pada Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Tirto II Kabupaten Pekalongan
Authors: Fitrianingsih  , Tuti Suparyati  , Eka Ayu Lestari
Published: June 2023

Sifilis adalah penyakit infeksi disebabkan oleh Treponema pallidum merupakan penyakit kronis dan bersifat sistemik. Penyakit sifilis dapat ditularkan dari ibu yang menderita sifilis ke janinnya melalui plasenta pada stadium akhir kehamilan. Untuk mengetahui seseorang terinfeksi sifilis diantaranya dengan pemeriksaan imunoserologi yaitu pemeriksaan VDRL (Veneral Disease Research Laboratory) dengan metode slide flokulasi adalah tes yang dilakukan untuk memeriksa munculnya antibodi terhadap bakteri Treponema pallidum, bakteri yang menyebabkan penyakit menular seksual sifilis. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran hasil pemeriksaan sifilis pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Tirto II Kabupaten Pekalongan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 33 sampel diambil secara accidental sampling dengan pemeriksaan VDRL metode slide menggunakan prinsip flokulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usia ibu hamil terbanyak ditemukan pada usia 20-29 tahun yaitu 18 orang (55%), jumlah anak terbanyak ditemukan pada ibu hamil yang baru mempunyai 1 anak yaitu sebanyak 11 orang (33%), usia kehamilan 9 bulan paling banyak ditemukan yaitu 12 orang (36%), pernah menderita penyakit menular seksual hanya ditemukan 2 orang (6%), tidak pernah menderita penyakit menular seksual lebih banyak ditemukan yaitu 31 orang (94%), mayoritas responden tidak menunjukkan gejala seperti benjolan dan luka yaitu sebanyak 31 orang (94%), namun menunjukkan gejala ruam merah sebanyak 2 orang (6%). Dari 33 sampel ibu hamil didapatkan hasil bahwa 2 sampel reaktif (+) dengan persentase (6%) dan 31 sampel non reaktif (-) dengan persentase (94%). Dari 33 sampel serum ibu hamil di Puskesmas Tirto II Kabupaten Pekalongan didapatkan hasil 2 sampel ibu hamil reaktif (+) sifilis
PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH YANG DIKERJAKAN SECARA LANGSUNG,DITUNDA 1,3 DAN 6 JAM PADA SERUM SIMPAN DENGAN SUHU 2-8 ºC
Authors: Indah Fitriyani  , Subur Wibowo
Published: June 2023

Pemeriksaan glukosa darah merupakan pemeriksaan rutin bagi penderita diabetes. Pemeriksaan yang cepat, tepat dan murah sudah menjadi tuntutan bagi semua laboratorium klinik. Pemberian hasil yang sesuai klinis akan membantu dokter dalam  menegakkan diagnosis dan memberikan pengobatan. Jumlah pasien yang banyak terkadang membuat petugas laboratorium kewalahan dan harus menunda pemeriksaan, akan tetapi parameter tertentu akan menurun kadarnya jika ditunda pemeriksaanya tanpa penambahan zat pengawet. Glukosa darah yang diperiksa beberapa saat setelah pengambilan sampel dapat menurun kadarnya. Penurunan kadar glukosa disebabkan adanya proses glikolisis sel-sel darah. Jika glikolisis terjadi diluar tubuh sesudah sampel darah dikeluarkan tanpa zat pengawet maka akan menyebabkan penurunan kadar gula darah dengan kecepatan 7 mg/dl per satu jam.
Untuk mengetahui persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah yang dikerjakan secara langsung,ditunda 1,3 dan 6 jam pada serum simpan dengan suhu 2-8 °C.
Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan perhitungan menurut Arikunto didapat sampel sejumlah 22 mahasiswa, dikerjakan dengan metode GOD-PAP dengan spektrofotometer.
Berdasarkan pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah pada 22 mahasiswa Akademi Analis Kesehatan Pekalongan didapatkan rata-rata hasil glukosa darah dengan penundaan 1 jam adalah 102,82 mg/dl(7%), 3 jam 96,61 mg/dl (12,7%) dan 6 jam 87,97 mg/dl (18,8%).
Terdapat penurunan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah setelah penundaan 1,3 dan 6 jamdengan variasi 7%, 12,7% dan 18,8%.
PENGARUH PIJAT WOOLWICH (RANGSANGAN PADA PAYUDARA) TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI PADA IBUPOST PARTUM DI BPM IRMA SUSKILAKECAMATAN MEDAN MARELANKOTA MADYA MEDAN TAHUN 2022
Authors: Relinawaty Sinaga  , Ninsah Mandala Putri Br Sembiring
Published: June 2023

Increasing milk production in post partum mothers can be done by giving the mother a relaxing sensation to stimulate the hormones prolactin and oxytocin by doing Woolwich massage. This study aims to determine the effect of woolwich massage on milk production in post partum mothers at BPM Irma Suskila, Medan Marelan District, Medan Madya City in 2022. The population in this study were all post partum mothers who were at BPM Irma Suskila as many as 30 people. Sampling was taken using total sampling technique with a total sample of 30 respondents, 15 people in the intervention group and 15 people in the control group. The results obtained There is a comparison between giving woolwich massage to breast milk production in post partum mothers in the experimental group and the control group at BPM Irma Suskila with a p value of 0.002 or <0.05 with a z count value of 3.957 > z table 0.4394.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Minat Kunjungan Ulang Antenatal Care Di Klinik Pratama Sahabat Bunda Tahun 2022
Authors: Amelia Erawaty Siregar  , Ribur Sinaga  , Imran Saputra Surbakti  , Jusrita Sari  , Rini Puspa Sari  , Devita Purnama Sari
Published: June 2023

Latar Belakang: ANC merupakan program terencana berupa observasi, edukasi, dan penanganan medik pada ibu hamil, dengan tujuan menjaga agar ibu sehat selama kehamilan, dan persalinan yang aman dan memuaskan memantau kemungkinan adanya resiko-resiko kehamilan, merencanakan penatalaksanaan yang optimal terhadap kehamilan resiko tinggi dan menurunkan morbilitas dan mortalitas ibu dan janin perinatal (Mufdilah, 2015). Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif, dengan rancangan cross sectional (potong lintang). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sistematik (systematic random sampling), dimana sampel pada penelitian ini 40 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Teknik analisis bivariat menggunakan uji che square. Hasil: Dari hasil yang di dapatkan bahwa dari 40 responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang terdapat 22 orang (55,0%), dari 22 orang responden yang berpengetahuan kurang yang mempunyai minat kunjungan ANC ulang sebanyak 16 orang (76,2%) dan yang tidak berminat melakukan kunjungan ANC ulang sebanyak 6 orang (31,6%). Responden atau ibu yang berpengetahuan baik ada 18 orang ( 45,0%) dan yang  berminat kunjungan ANC ulang ada sebanyak 5 orang (23,8%), dan yang tidak berminat melakukan kunjungan ulang ANC ada sebanyak 13 orang (68,4%). 40 responden responden terdapat 6 Sikap tidak berminat  kurang(31,6%) dan 15 respon dengan kunjungan ulang berminat(71,4%). Sedangkan Sikap baik terdapat 13 responden (68,4%) Tidak Berminat dan 6 responden (28,5%) Berminat. dari 40 orang remaja dengan pekerjaan tidak bekerja terdapat 6 responden  (31,6%)dan yang minat 15 responden (71,4%) tidak berminat dan tidak bekerja terdapat 13 orang (68,4%) yang bekerja dan minat 6 orang (28,6%) yang bekerja dari 40  responden terdapat 6 responden status ekonomi rendah (31,6%) tidak berminat dan 17 responden (30,8%) berminat. Sedangkan srtatus ekonomi baik terdapat 13 responden (68,4%) tidak berminat dan 4 responden (19,0%) berminat dari 40 orang dengan dukungan suami tidak mendukung  terdapat 6 responden  (31,6%) mendukung dan 16 responden (76,2%)dukungan suami mendukung tidak berminat  terdapat 13 orang (68,4%) dan  5 orang (23,8%) dengan dukungan suami yang berminat. Kesimpulan: Dari hasil dan pembahasan faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan Minat Kunjungan Ulang Antenatal Care Klinik Pratama Sahabat Bunda  Tahun 2022.
Contemporary cultures and their relationship to adolescent behavior (Korean culture) as a model
Authors: Zahra Hadi Kazem
Published: June 2023

Going into any aspect of adolescence is one of the important basics for evaluating society, this is due to the importance of this age stage that determines building the personality of a normal individual and establishing him in a positive way for his later life stages. Therefore, this study deals with the topic of contemporary cultures and their relationship to adolescent behavior (Korean culture). a model. And due to the development of contemporary lifestyles and the diversity of cultures that target the behavior of adolescents as the most effective category in determining the future and destiny of society, new concepts and intellectual diversity have emerged that begin to control the penetration of this age group's thinking to target the culture of any society in general, and especially in affecting adolescents in some respects. Life, such as talents and ambition, such as (music, dance, movies), and it is one of the factors influencing the difference of cultures, and the introduction of certain social standards, whether in moral values, beliefs, politics, art, technologies, or marketing, an attempt to control the basis and thought of a society.
Violence in Iraqi Theatrical Performance Silk play - a model
Authors: Layla Mohammed
Published: June 2023

Violence paints an iconic image associated with blood, cruelty, and darkness. Furthermore, the theatrical performance requires diverse performances to sublimate the iconic references to violence. The research touches on the forms and means by which the philosophy of performative violence is communicated, based on the textual environment in activating physical and vocal abilities and supporting scenography, avoiding violence on the recipient or implicating him emotionally in order to maintain his mental alertness.
Advances in the Management of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Gradishar William J.
Published: June 2023

Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of metastatic breast cancer have led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. The latest update to the NCCN Guidelines for Breast Cancer reflects a rapidly evolving treatment landscape, highlighting the growing importance of combination therapies and personalized medicine in managing estrogen-receptor (ER)–positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative subtypes. For patients with ER-positive disease, the standard of care remains combination therapies involving cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors, endocrine therapy, and PI3 kinase. In patients with HER2-positive disease, the use of fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki and tucatinib have demonstrated improved outcomes. For those with triple-negative breast cancer, pembrolizumab, PARP inhibitors, and antibody–drug conjugates (eg, sacituzumab govitecan-hziy) have shown activity.
Neoadjuvant Treatment Approaches for Stage II–III Rectal Cancer
Authors: Nurkin Steven
Published: June 2023

Excellent long-term outcomes are being achieved with contemporary treatment strategies for localized rectal cancer. A “watch-and-wait” nonoperative strategy seems to be a safe option for patients experiencing a complete clinical response. Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has shown many advantages over standard chemoradiotherapy, although the optimal sequencing—with induction or consolidation chemotherapy—is still debated. The use of FOLFIRINOX can boost the benefit of TNT. Of note, in the small subset of patients whose tumors have mismatch repair deficiency, checkpoint inhibition has led to responses in most patients, eliminating the need for further treatment.
Management of Advanced Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancers
Authors: Liu Joyce F.
Published: June 2023

Treatment approaches for advanced ovarian cancer should consider several factors. Among the most important are platinum sensitivity, the status of BRCA and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and the changing indications for PARP inhibitors in recurrent disease and maintenance. PARP inhibitors have demonstrated clear benefit in patients with BRCA mutated tumors, especially in the first-line setting, and HRD testing can guide their use for patients without BRCA mutations. A new antibody–drug conjugate, mirvetuximab soravtansine, has been approved for use in a subset of patients with platinum-resistant disease. Newly diagnosed patients with advanced-stage ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancers should always be evaluated by a gynecologic oncologist if possible.
Facilitating cross-border transport infrastructure planning in the Nordic Region
Authors:   Nordregio, Lundgren Anna , Löfving Linnea , Westin Lars
Published: June 2023

In this report, we examine experiences regarding cross-border transport infrastructure planning. Three different case studies were selected in collaboration with the Swedish Transport Administration; the proposed fixed HH link between Helsingborg and Helsingør; the proposed new Stockholm-Oslo rail connection; and the on-going attempts to improve the multi-modal corridor from Mo i Rana, via Hemavan and Umeå, across the Kvarken Strait to Vaasa. The case studies represent cross-border transport infrastructure planning projects in early phases across the Swedish-Danish border, Swedish-Norwegian border and the Swedish-Finnish border. A common feature is that they are being furthered by local and regional players in the respective areas.
The Influence of Physiological Learning Styles on the Completion of an Online Task in a Law Degree
Authors: Girón García Carolina , Gargallo Camarillas Noelia
Published: June 2023

Advances in educational technology offer many opportunities in the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classroom: the development of students’ motivation and autonomy; the integration and evolution of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) with the emergence of different types of online learning tasks; or the concern of students’ Perceptual Learning Styles in multimodal environments. This study investigates new generations’ perceptual learning preferences and how digital tendencies may influence students’ academic achievement after the implementation of an online task (i.e., ‘Lesson’).

An experimental (n=150) and a control group (n=21), from the first year of the bachelor’s degree in Law at a Spanish university participated in this study. Four stages were followed: (1) ‘Perceptual Learning Styles’ Questionnaire’ completion, (2) ‘Lesson’ performance, (3) online exam implementation, and (4) data analysis. After the intervention, results indicate the presence of the ‘Multimodal’ learning style and high levels of academic achievement of multimodal students.
The Politics of Asceticism: An Analysis of the Political Spirituality of the Imperial Stoics
Authors:   , Nørgaard Iversen Simon
Published: June 2023

In recent decades a renewed focus on the Hellenistic and Roman philosophies has rehabilitated the practical aspect of ancient philosophy. This aspect of philosophy has continued to be part of the philosophical discipline but it has often been surpassed in importance and appreciation by philosophy’s theoretical discourse. With the increased focus on ancient philosophy’s practical outlook, an interesting question emerges: what does this practical outlook entail regarding how we interpret and analyse the political philosophy and political praxis of the ancient philosophers? In order to examine this question, this dissertation sheds light on Imperial Stoicism and examines this group of philosophers’ political philosophy in view of the concept of ‘political spirituality.’ The often-reiterated interpretation of Imperial Stoicism is that these philosophers were either entirely apolitical or that they, unlike their Hellenistic predecessors, were markedly conservative, reactionary, and generally supported the status quo of society despite an apparent subversive veneer. Both these interpretations are significantly questioned in this dissertation.
Emphasizing Our Humanity: Interorganizational Collaboration in the DCN during COVID and into the future
Authors: Hadley Hannah , Narlock Mikala
Published: June 2023

Collaboration provides an opportunity to address issues more comprehensively than what is possibleby individuals or groups in isolation. Large-scale collaborations, such as those occurring within anetwork of institutions, can present immense opportunities to solve problems that transcend the localnuances of individual institutions. As we have been reflecting on the experience of collaboration, wewondered—what is the glue that can hold together an intricate web of relationships to meet sharedgoals or address various challenges? In this column, we draw on four levels of interorganizationalcollaboration (Schruijer 2021) to assist with organizing and capturing our lived experiences, to centerand celebrate the humanity at the core of data curation.
Crear (para el) más allá
Authors: Massaguer Lluc
Published: June 2023

Podemos crear con objetivos muy diversos. Podemos hacerlo para expresarnos, nos podemos quedar en la superficie, resolver una problemática sencilla, incluso frívola, podemos solucionar problemas más complejos, que afecten además personas, o a aquellas que están en riesgo de exclusión, por ejemplo. Podemos crear con la intención de salvar vidas o incluso de salvar el planeta. Incluso podemos crear (para el) más allá.
ОСНОВНИ ПОКАЗАТЕЉИ ДЕМОГРАФСКОГ РАЗВОЈА БРЧКО ДИСТРИКТА БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ
Authors: Милић Иван
Published: June 2023

Предмет истраживања рада су основне карактеристике развоја становништва Брчко дистрикта Босне и Херцеговине (БиХ). Брчко дистрикт представља административно-територијалну јединицу која на многим пољима функционише потпуно независно од ентитета. Непостојање анализе актуелних демографских кретања Дистрикта Брчко иницира потребу за истраживањима на ову тему. Резултати истраживања указују на негативне трендове демографског развоја испољене кроз негативну међупописну разлику (1991–2013), негативан природни прираштај, ниске стопе фертилитета, неповољну старосну структуру, неравномјерну насељеност, депопулацију насеља, повећани тренд вањских миграција и смањење броја бракова. Резултати истраживања могу имати прак- тичну примјену у изради смјерница популационе политике развоја Брчко дистрикта.
Spin-switching effect and giant magnetoresistance in quantum structure of monolayer MoS2 nanoribbons with ferromagnetic electrode
Authors: Zhang Ming-Mei , Guo Ya-Tao , Fu Xu-Ri , Li Meng-Lei , Ren Bao-Cang , Zheng Jun , Yuan Rui-Yang ,   Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China,   College of Physics Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
Published: June 2023

Spintronics is a new type of electronics based on electron spin rather than charge as the information carrier, which can be stored and calculated by regulating and manipulating the spin. The discovery and application of the giant magnetoresistance effect opens the door to the application of electron spin properties. Realizing on-demand control of spin degree of freedom for spin-based devices is essential. The two-dimensional novel material, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) (MoS2 is a typical example from the family of TMD materials), has become an excellent platform for studying spintronics due to its novel physical properties, such as direct band gap and strong spin-orbit coupling. Obtaining high spin polarization and achieving controllability of degrees of freedom are fundamental problems in spintronics. In this paper, we construct the monolayer zigzag MoS2 nanoribbon quantum structure of electrically controlled ferromagnetic electrode to solve this problem. Based on the non-equilibrium Green’s function method, the regulation of the magnetic exchange field and electrostatic barrier on the spin transport in parallel configuration and anti-parallel configuration are studied. It is found that in the parallel structure, spin transport is obviously related to the magnetic exchange field, and 100% spin filtering can occur near the Fermi energy level to obtain pure spin current. When an additional electric field is applied to the middle region, the spin filtering effect is more significant. Therefore, the spin switching effect can be achieved by regulating the incident energy. In addition, it is also found that within a specific energy range, electrons in the parallel configuration are excited to participate in transport, while electrons in the anti-parallel structure are significantly inhibited. Consequently, a noticeable giant magnetoresistance effect can be obtained in this quantum structure. Moreover, it can be seen that the magnetic exchange field strength can effectively modulate the giant magnetoresistance effect. These results provide valuable theoretical references for the development of giant magnetoresistance devices and spin filters based on monolayer zigzag MoS2 nanoribbons.
Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution based on passive light source monitoring
Authors: Zhang Jia-Yi , Chen Hua-Xing , Zhang Huan-Yu , Qian Xue-Rui , Zhang Chun-Hui , Wang Qin ,   Institute of Quantum Information and Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China,   Key Laboratory of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
Published: June 2023

In quantum key distribution (QKD), the users need to share the same reference frame. If their reference frames are inconsistent, the QKD system will not function properly. The most widely used method today is the active real-time calibration of both communication reference frames by using classical communication. In order to get rid of the real-time calibration operation of the reference frames, a QKD protocol independent of reference frame is proposed, called reference-frame-independent QKD (RFI-QKD). The RFI-QKD protocol is immune to the effects of slowly changing reference frame drift, requiring that only one set of bases should be aligned by Alice and Bob, and the remaining two sets of bases can slowly change in the channel. In the real QKD system, a set of basis vectors can always be found to maintain a stable alignment. However, some assumptions are made for the sources in most reported researches, i.e. with a trusted and fixed photon-number distribution (PND), which usually cannot be satisfied in practical implementations. Those unreasonable assumptions will inevitably compromise the security of practical QKD systems. To solve the problem, in this work, we present a passive light source monitoring (PLSM) scheme for RFI-QKD, which is accomplished by a passive monitoring module consisting of a beam splitter and two detectors on the source side. Through the PLSM module, we can have four monitoring events by using two local detectors and then precisely estimate the bounds of source distributions. Specifically, we take the three-intensity decoy-state-based RFI-QKD for example for illustraing the events. Compared with the original RFI-QKD, our PLSM method can passively monitor the PND and has many advantages, with light source fluctuations, finite-size effects and reference frame deflection angles taken into account.
First-principles study of Co and Ni excess effects on crystal structure and phase stability of Co2NiGa alloy
Authors: Zhou Jin-Ping , Li Chun-Mei , Jiang Bo , Huang Ren-Zhong ,   College of Physical Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
Published: June 2023

Using the first-principles exact muffin-tin orbital method combined with the coherent potential approximation, the crystal structure and site occupation, martensitic transformation, magnetic moment and elastic constant for each of Co2+xNi1–xGa, Co2+xNiGa1–x, Co2–xNi1+xGa and Co2Ni1+xGa1–x (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) alloys with Co and Ni excess at 0 K are systematically investigated. It is shown that most of the austenitic phases of the alloys have XA stable structure, and the excess Co and Ni atoms occupy the insufficient atomic positions, and it is inversely occupied only when Ni replaces Ga. With the increase of x, the total electron energy of L10 relative to XA of only two Ga-insufficient alloys gradually decreases, for the former, the tetragonal shear elastic constant gradually increases, but for the latter, it gradually decreases. It is indicated that the martensitic transformation is promoted by the substitution of both Co and Ni for Ga in the energy and mechanics, and the martensitic transformation temperature is expected to increase. The values of total magnetic moment (μtot) of the XA phase and L10 phase of each alloy are mainly contributed by Co atoms, but onlya relatively small portion by Ni atoms. And the values of μtot of two phases in the four alloys have the same relationship with x, and the difference between them with the same compositions is not more than about 0.32 μB . The analyses of electronic structure calculations show that the distributions of spin-down electronic density of states of Co and Ni atoms near the Fermi energy level have contributed significantly to the stability of L10 relative to the XA phase, which is attributed to the Jahn-Teller effect. The above results are expected to provide a theoretical reference for the optimal design of the structure and properties of Co2NiGa-based ternary alloys.
Experimental study on microwave plasma discharge and combustion of premixed methane and air at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Cao Shu-Li , Li Shou-Zhe , Niu Yu-Long , Li Rong-Yi , Zhu Hai-Long ,   Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China,   School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: June 2023

In this work, we carry out the experiments on an atmospheric-pressure premixed methane and air microwave plasma discharge combustion with premixed methane and air to study the morphology, the spatial distribution of species, and the temperature characteristics for various microwave power values and methane-to-air equivalent ratios (Φ) at a series of measurement positions. The experimental results show that the equivalent ratio of 0.4 corresponds to the limit value for lean-combustion of premixed methane and air. And for Φ < 0.4, the discharge flame is mainly characterized by the combustion induced by premixed methane and air microwave plasma discharge, while, for Φ ≥ 0.4, the discharge flame is constricted into filaments radially, and the natural combustion occurs in the region of low reduced electric strength and the combustion induced by plasma discharge in the region of high reduced electric strength, which affect each other. The variations of emission intensity of OH (A-X) band, NH (A-X) band and CN (B-X) band with the measuring position and the equivalent ratio Φ are measured by using optical emission spectrometry (OES). It is found that the discharge combustion occurs in near afterglow and the combustion in far afterglow. And the vibrational temperature and the rotational temperature of the plasma discharge combustion are determined by analyzing the emission bands of CN(B-X) and the variations of both vibrational and rotational temperatures with equivalent ratio, exhibiting very different varying tendencies for cases of Φ < 0.4 and Φ ≥ 0.4, respectively. Finally, the reaction pathway and mechanism are discussed on the basis of the comparative analyses of the emission spectra of CH4 diffusion combustion flame, premixed methane and nitrogen microwave plasma discharge, and premixed methane and air microwave plasma discharge combustion.
Intuitive movement-based prosthesis control enables arm amputees to reach naturally in virtual reality
Authors: Segas Effie , Mick Sébastien , Leconte Vincent , Dubois Océane , Klotz Rémi , Cattaert Daniel , de Rugy Aymar
Published: June 2023

Impressive progresses are being made in bionic limbs design and control. Yet, controlling the numerous joints of a prosthetic arm necessary to place the hand at a correct position and orientation to grasp objects remains challenging. Here, we designed an intuitive, movement-based prosthesis control that leverages natural arm coordination to predict distal joints missing in arm amputees based on proximal stump motion and knowledge of the movement goal. This control was validated on 29 participants, including 7 above-elbow amputees, who picked and placed bottles in a wide range of locations in virtual reality, with median success rates over 99% and movement times identical to those of natural movements. This control also enabled 15 participants, including 3 with limb deficiency, to reach and grasp real objects with a robotic arm operated according to the same principle. Remarkably, this was achieved without any prior training, indicating that this control is intuitive and instantaneously usable. It could be used for phantom limb pain management in virtual reality, or to augment reaching capabilities of invasive neural interfaces usually more focused on hand and grasp control.
Metabolic regulation of misfolded protein import into mitochondria
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Ruan Linhao , Zhu Jin , Zhang Xi , Chang Alexander Chih-Chieh , Tomaszewski Alexis , Li Rong
Published: June 2023

Mitochondria are the cellular energy hub and central target of metabolic regulation. Mitochondria also facilitate proteostasis through pathways such as the ‘mitochondria as guardian in cytosol’ (MAGIC) whereby cytosolic misfolded proteins (MPs) are imported into and degraded inside mitochondria. In this study, a genome-wide screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae uncovered that Snf1, the yeast AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibits the import of MPs into mitochondria while promoting mitochondrial biogenesis under glucose starvation. We show that this inhibition requires a downstream transcription factor regulating mitochondrial gene expression and is likely to be conferred through substrate competition and mitochondrial import channel selectivity. We further show that Snf1/AMPK activation protects mitochondrial fitness in yeast and human cells under stress induced by MPs such as those associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Retinal input integration in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mouse superior colliculus in vivo
Authors: Gehr Carolin , Sibille Jeremie , Kremkow Jens
Published: June 2023

The superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain structure that receives inputs from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The SC contains one of the highest densities of inhibitory neurons in the brain but whether excitatory and inhibitory SC neurons differentially integrate retinal activity in vivo is still largely unknown. We recently established a recording approach to measure the activity of RGCs simultaneously with their postsynaptic SC targets in vivo, to study how SC neurons integrate RGC activity. Here, we employ this method to investigate the functional properties that govern retinocollicular signaling in a cell type-specific manner by identifying GABAergic SC neurons using optotagging in VGAT-ChR2 mice. Our results demonstrate that both excitatory and inhibitory SC neurons receive comparably strong RGC inputs and similar wiring rules apply for RGCs innervation of both SC cell types, unlike the cell type-specific connectivity in the thalamocortical system. Moreover, retinal activity contributed more to the spiking activity of postsynaptic excitatory compared to inhibitory SC neurons. This study deepens our understanding of cell type-specific retinocollicular functional connectivity and emphasizes that the two major brain areas for visual processing, the visual cortex and the SC, differently integrate sensory afferent inputs.
Hsf1 and the molecular chaperone Hsp90 support a ‘rewiring stress response’ leading to an adaptive cell size increase in chronic stress
Authors: Maiti Samarpan , Bhattacharya Kaushik , Wider Diana , Hany Dina , Panasenko Olesya , Bernasconi Lilia , Hulo Nicolas , Picard Didier
Published: June 2023

Cells are exposed to a wide variety of internal and external stresses. Although many studies have focused on cellular responses to acute and severe stresses, little is known about how cellular systems adapt to sublethal chronic stresses. Using mammalian cells in culture, we discovered that they adapt to chronic mild stresses of up to two weeks, notably proteotoxic stresses such as heat, by increasing their size and translation, thereby scaling the amount of total protein. These adaptations render them more resilient to persistent and subsequent stresses. We demonstrate that Hsf1, well known for its role in acute stress responses, is required for the cell size increase, and that the molecular chaperone Hsp90 is essential for coupling the cell size increase to augmented translation. We term this translational reprogramming the ‘rewiring stress response’, and propose that this protective process of chronic stress adaptation contributes to the increase in size as cells get older, and that its failure promotes aging.
Clinical Application of the Kyoto Classification of Gastritis
Authors: Kim Gwang Ha
Published: June 2023

Recent advances in endoscopic technology, including high-definition and image-enhanced endoscopy such as narrow-band imaging have facilitated close observation and detailed imaging of the gastric mucosa. Currently, endoscopy is performed in Korea primarily for evaluation of premalignant conditions and gastric cancer detection. Recent research has established the Kyoto classification of gastritis, a novel grading system for endoscopic gastritis, which enables prediction of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The Kyoto classification score is calculated based on the sum of scores for five main items (of 19 endoscopic findings indicative of H. pylori infection) such as atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, enlarged gastric folds, nodularity, and diffuse redness with/without regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC). Of these five endoscopic findings, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, enlarged gastric folds, and nodularity are associated with an increased risk and RAC with a decreased risk of gastric cancer. Previous studies have reported that a Kyoto classification score ≥2 indicates current or past H. pylori infection. An increase in the Kyoto classification score is associated with a high risk of gastric cancer; specifically, a Kyoto classification score ≥4 indicates a high risk of gastric cancer. However, H. pylori eradication is followed by disappearance of enlarged gastric folds, nodularity, and diffuse redness; therefore, this grading system cannot accurately reflect the gastric cancer risk in patients with previous H. pylori infection. Limited studies have discussed the Kyoto classification of gastritis in Korea. Therefore, further large-scale multicenter studies are warranted for validation of the Kyoto classification to predict H. pylori infection and gastric cancer risk.
Antimicrobial susceptibility and integrons detection among extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates in patients with urinary tract infection
Authors: Abubaker Karzan Taha , Anwar Khanda Abdulateef
Published: June 2023

Background

Integrons are bacterial mobile genetic components responsible for mediating the antibiotic resistance process by carrying and spreading antimicrobial resistance genes among bacteria through horizontal gene transfer.

Objectives

This cross-sectional hospital-based study aimed to find the prevalence of antibiotic resistance patterns and to detect integrons classes (I, II, and III) among bacterial isolates in patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) in Sulaimani, Iraq.

Patients and Methods

Mid-stream urine samples (no. = 400) were collected from patients with UTI at three different Hospitals from Sulaimani, Iraq, between September 2021 to January 2022. Urine samples were cultured on various agar media, and grown bacteria were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) and an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) screen were done for isolated bacteria. Then, integrons classes were screened using conventional PCR with gene sequencing and uploaded to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

Results

The frequency rate of Enterobacteriaceae was 67.03% among positive urine cultures. E. coli (no. = 86) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (no. = 32) isolates were identified. The most sensitive antibiotics were the carbapenem group (85.3%) and nitrofurantoin (NFN) (64.2%), while the most resistant antibiotics were nalidixic acid (NA) and 3rd generation cephalosporin. The occurrence rate of ESBL was 56.6% with a predominance of class I integron (54.2%), then class II (15.8%) and no positive record for class III integron were observed.

Conclusion

Most bacterial isolates from patients with UTI produced class I and II integrons genes with favourable ESBL properties.
Unraveling the functional genes present in rhizosphere microbiomes of Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Adedayo Afeez Adesina , Fadiji Ayomide Emmanuel , Babalola Olubukola Oluranti
Published: June 2023

The microbiomes living in the rhizosphere soil of the tomato plant contribute immensely to the state of health of the tomato plant alongside improving sustainable agriculture. With the aid of shotgun metagenomics sequencing, we characterized the putative functional genes (plant-growth-promoting and disease-resistant genes) produced by the microbial communities dwelling in the rhizosphere soil of healthy and powdery mildew-diseased tomato plants. The results identified twenty-one (21) plant growth promotion (PGP) genes in the microbiomes inhabiting the healthy rhizosphere (HR) which are more predomiant as compared to diseased rhizosphere (DR) that has nine (9) genes and four (4) genes in bulk soil (BR). Likewise, we identified some disease-resistant genes which include nucleotide binding genes and antimicrobial genes. Our study revealed fifteen (15) genes in HR which made it greater in comparison to DR that has three (3) genes and three (3) genes in bulk soil. Further studies should be conducted by isolating these microorganisms and introduce them to field experiments for cultivation of tomatoes.
On Generalized Bigollo Numbers
Authors: Soykan Yüksel , Okumus Inci , Bilgin Nazmiye Gönül
Published: June 2023

It is aimed to describe generalized Bigollo sequences and to examine Bigollo and Bigollo-Lucas sequences in this article. For this purpose, we give Binet’s formulas, Simson formulas, generating functions and we introduce a lot of main features of these sequences. Also, we get some formulas and give special matrices for these generalized sequences. Finally, we have determined some close relationships between Bigollo and Bigollo-Lucas numbers and Mersenne, Mersenne-Lucas numbers.
Standardization of Management Strategy for Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Different Levels of Crop Residue Retention in Conservation Agriculture
Authors: Malgaya Ganesh , Vishwakarma A. K. , Kushwah S. S. , Wanjari R. H. , Jha Pramod , Biswas A. K. , Hati K. M. , Rani K. , Das A. , Parmar B. , Para P. K.
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted at ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISS), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) to evaluate the impact of different levels of crop residue retention and herbicidal weed control measures on weed dynamics, crop growth and yield characteristics of chickpea crop under conservation agriculture. Data were recorded on weed study, crop growth and yield characters of chickpea. Results indicate that pre-emergence herbicide application treatments (H1 and H2) were found to be effective in reducing weed density at 30 DAS (63.56%) as compared to post emergence treatments which were applied after recording observations on weed density at 30 DAS. It has been observed that post emergence application of imazethapyr @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 was found to restrict crop growth for a period of 10-15 days as compared to pre-emergence treatments. The results on crop growth and yield parameters revealed that higher residue retention level treatment (90% crop residue retention) recorded significantly higher plant height (54.81cm), dry matter plant-1 (18.39 g plant-1), number of pods plant-1 (36.46), seeds plant-1 (47.11), seed yield (1202 kg ha-1) and straw yield (2916 kg ha-1) as compared to no crop residue retention.
Identifying Pregnant People in Federal Data Sets
Authors: Shinall Jennifer Bennett
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how identifying pregnant people within federal data sets could make a substantial difference in strengthening the connection between mothers and the labor force by providing more data regarding the effectiveness of pregnancy protections.
Awareness of Racial and Ethnic Bias and Potential Solutions to Address Bias With Use of Health Care Algorithms
Authors: Jain Anjali , Brooks Jasmin R. , Alford Cleothia C. , Chang Christine S. , Mueller Nora M. , Umscheid Craig A. , Bierman Arlene S.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Algorithms are commonly incorporated into health care decision tools used by health systems and payers and thus affect quality of care, access, and health outcomes. Some algorithms include a patient’s race or ethnicity among their inputs and can lead clinicians and decision-makers to make choices that vary by race and potentially affect inequities.

Objective

To inform an evidence review on the use of race- and ethnicity-based algorithms in health care by gathering public and stakeholder perspectives about the repercussions of and efforts to address algorithm-related bias.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Qualitative methods were used to analyze responses. Responses were initially open coded and then consolidated to create a codebook, with themes and subthemes identified and finalized by consensus. This qualitative study was conducted from May 4, 2021, through December 7, 2022. Forty-two organization representatives (eg, clinical professional societies, universities, government agencies, payers, and health technology organizations) and individuals responded to the request for information.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Identification of algorithms with the potential for race- and ethnicity-based biases and qualitative themes.

Results

Forty-two respondents identified 18 algorithms currently in use with the potential for bias, including, for example, the Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation risk prediction tool and the risk calculator for vaginal birth after cesarean section. The 7 qualitative themes, with 31 subthemes, included the following: (1) algorithms are in widespread use and have significant repercussions, (2) bias can result from algorithms whether or not they explicitly include race, (3) clinicians and patients are often unaware of the use of algorithms and potential for bias, (4) race is a social construct used as a proxy for clinical variables, (5) there is a lack of standardization in how race and social determinants of health are collected and defined, (6) bias can be introduced at all stages of algorithm development, and (7) algorithms should be discussed as part of shared decision-making between the patient and clinician.

Conclusions and Relevance

This qualitative study found that participants perceived widespread and increasing use of algorithms in health care and lack of oversight, potentially exacerbating racial and ethnic inequities. Increasing awareness for clinicians and patients and standardized, transparent approaches for algorithm development and implementation may be needed to address racial and ethnic biases related to algorithms.