bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional Geographies of the Uncanny: Reinterpreting Italian Transnational Spaces
Authors: Marinelli Maurizio , Ricatti Francesco
Published: November 2014

The 'Emotional Geographies of the Uncanny' section of Cultural Studies Review aims to read transnational spaces constructed and inhabited by Italian migrants and settlers to Australasia as emotional spaces of uncanny perceptions, memories, narratives and identities. Drawing inspiration from the Freudian suggestions about the uncanny (das unheimliche), and later interpretations by Heiddeger, Derrida, Kristeva, Bhabha, Žižek, and Ahmed, we refer to the uncanny as the emotional reaction to something that is, at the same time, familiar and unfamiliar, homely and unhomely. The uncanny then becomes an aesthetic frame through which experiences of migration and colonialism can be read and interpreted. How have Italians experienced the strange un/familiarity of the places to which they have migrated or that they have colonised in Australasia? And, in the process of familiarising the unfamiliar, how have they perceived the strange familiarity of the newly emerged 'Italian' spaces that they have first constructed and then inhabited, outside the boundaries of the Italian Nation, and often within the space of other essentialist Nations? Furthermore, how have they related to the places they have left in Italy: the places to which they have progressively become strangers yet have continued to constitute a central element of their subjectivity?
Empire and the Ambiguities of Love
Authors: Secomb Linnell
Published: November 2014

Colonialism is not only enforced through violence but facilitated also by economic, religious and social strategies and inducements. Amongst these, love has been exploited as a tool of empire to construct alliances, procure compliance and disguise the conquest of peoples and territories. Love has also, however, been the basis for an ethics and politics that contests imperialism. Friendship, affinity and amorous relations between coloniser and colonised enables a resistance to the ambitions of colonial occupation and rule. In this article, the work of the London-based artist, Yinka Shonibare, is used to examine the operation of love in the colonial context. Focusing especially on his 2007 installation Jardin d’Amour the bifurcation of love into an imperialist strategy on the one hand and an anti-colonial ethics on the other is challenged. Instead, love is conceived as a process of exposure and hybridisation that transforms lover and beloved by introducing otherness into the heart of the subject. Drawing on French philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy’s analysis of shattered love, it is suggested that each instance of love involves both violence and caress: each performance of love is an intrusion of otherness that inaugurates the subject as an always multiple and heterogeneous being.
From Information to Experience: Christoph Schlingensief's Quiz 3000
Authors: Forrest Tara
Published: November 2014

When German artist Christoph Schlingensief died in 2010 he had amassed an impressive body of work spanning a diverse range of fields, including film, television, theatre, art, radio, activism, and opera. Although he gained a certain notoriety for his early film and performance work, it was through his politically engaged re-enactment of a series of reality television programs that his public profile in Germany was cemented. This article focuses on the pilot episode of Quiz 3000 that was staged at the Volksbühne in 2002 and that was modelled closely on the popular reality format Who Wants to be a Millionaire? As Schlingensief has made clear in an interview with Alexander Kluge, his interest in re-enactment as a critical strategy is not driven by a desire for total verisimilitude, but by the inconsistencies that are generated in the re-enactment process that serve as catalysts for reflection and debate. In Quiz 3000 it is the nature of the questions posed to the contestants (such as: 'The rape of members of which minority group is, according to the German criminal code, less heavily penalized?' and 'How many conscientious objectors from Kurdistan have, since 2001, been tortured to death in Turkey after being deported by Germany?') that generates the inconsistency in question. Drawing on Walter Benjamin and Theodor Adorno's writings on information and experience, I argue that Quiz 3000 transforms the information-driven focus of television quiz shows into a source of experience for viewers and contestants alike by encouraging them to reflect on political issues and debates in an autonomous, affective, and meaningful way.
Reflections of Being ‘In’ Institutions
Authors: McIntosh Tracey
Published: November 2014

Review of Sara Ahmed, On Being Included: Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life (Duke University Press, 2012).
Innovation Inc.
Authors: Herd Nick
Published: November 2014

Review of Stuart Cunningham, Hidden Innovation: Policy, Industry and the Creative Sector (UQP, 2013).
Toil and Trouble: On the Materiality of Time
Authors: Chambers Ross
Published: November 2014

This article explores the nature of temporality, entropy and negentropy, drawing contemporary fiction by Graham Swift and Fiona McGregor as well as the autobiography of Wikileaks founder Julian Assange, to ask questions about history, time and life.
Beyond Textuality
Authors: Villarejo Amy
Published: November 2014

Review of  Anna Cristina Pertierra and Graeme Turner (eds), Locating Television: Zones of Consumption.
Locating Memory: Introduction
Authors: Hawkes Martine
Published: November 2014

An introduction to the Locating Memory section of Cultural Studies Review 20.2
'I Know That Face' Murundak: Songs of Freedom and the Black Arm Band
Authors: Gillett Sue , Freebody Charon
Published: November 2014

‘This black armband view of our history’ was a phrase used by Prime Minister John Howard in a 1996 Sir Robert Menzies Lecture. Howard used the phrase, first coined by historian Geoffrey Blainey, to counter the arguments of opponents who were insisting that the post-contact treatment of the Aboriginal people must be recognised and included in Australian historical discourse and public forms of remembrance. The musical ensemble that is the subject of Natasha Gadd and Rhys Graham’s documentary film, Murundak: Songs of Freedom (2011) developed its name and its intention in protest against Howard’s dismissive rhetoric. This article examines the ways in which the film extends the platform for the Black Arm Band’s performances of cultural-political intervention begun in their highly successful murundak concerts. We argue that the film constructs an alternative Australian history through strategies that authorise the personal memories disclosed by the Aboriginal band members – the film’s protagonists – and enable them to be gathered into a form of collective, social memory. Songs and song-writing provide the focal point for this work of remembrance, and the unifying thread that weaves a regenerative narrative through three major stages of Aboriginal history: the struggle to survive; the process of healing; and reconnection with kin, country and language.
Interrupting Mythic Community
Authors: Secomb Linnell
Published: November 2014

If nation is increasingly perceived as a less than honourable institution formed through war, invasion and geo-political territorialisation, and government is widely denounced as the site of political intrigue and the means of subjectification of citizen–voters, community appears to escape this critique and to be viewed as an idyllic formation based on bonds of affinity. However, this romancing of community is disrupted by trans-cultural and sub-cultural formations that expose the fantasy of a harmonious, homogenous community. While community is often conceived as arising organically from familial, tribal or cultural similarity, or as constituted through a common history and shared cultural institutions, this totalising conception of community is interrupted by the demands of difference and heterogeneity and by a questioning of the idyll of community authenticated in myths of archaic origin.
From Glass Architecture to Big Brother: Scenes from a Cultural History of Transparency
Authors: McQuire Scott
Published: November 2014

In this essay, I want to reposition the Big Brother phenomenon in the context of an earlier debate about domestic space which occurred during the emergence of architectural modernism in the first decades of the twentieth century. At issue then was the physical reconstruction of the home, particularly through the increasing use of glass as a design element. While glass architecture is even more prevalent in the present, its spatial impact—particularly in terms of its capacity to alter the relationship between the ‘inside’ and the ‘outside’—has now been matched or exceeded in many respects by the effects of electronic media. By tracing the parallel between the unsettling spatial effects produced by both glass construction and the electronic screen, I will sketch a cultural logic linking the modernist project of architectural transparency to the contemporary repositioning of the home as an interactive media centre.
Criticism, Theory and the 'Guiding Star' of Mimesis
Authors: Forrest Tara
Published: November 2014

A review of Laleen Jayamanne's Toward Cinema and It's Double: Cross-Cultural Mimesis (Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2001).
Editorial
Authors: Healy Chris , Muecke Stephen
Published: November 2014

One of the tasks of the humanities academic—the philosopher, the cultural studies researcher—is to devise informed judgement through the exercise of a complex intelligence. It’s a matter, one might think, of sorting out the truth from bullshit and telling it how it is. If only the world would just stay simple … This directness has some appeal, until you start trying to specify the appropriate criteria, grounding and form for judgement. Disciplines address precisely these issues, and to the extent to which they do so successfully, they specify complex phenomena in particular ways; they authorise certain kinds of enquiry and speech as they productively cultivate their own patch of knowledge. Cultural studies has made interdisciplinarity its business, bewitched and distracted by the complexities of actual existing cultural practices, by spatial and temporal mobility and seepage, by authority and exclusion, ownership, belonging and boundaries.
Beauty Contest for British Bulldogs? Negotiating (Trans)national identities in Suburban Melbourne
Authors: Wills Sara , Darian-Smith Kate
Published: November 2014

Notwithstanding the absence of bulldogs, Britfest with its re-creation and representation of Britishness provides an entry point for investigating the complex meanings within the transitional narratives of migrancy, ethnicity and ‘belonging’ among British migrants in modern Australia. The identification and promotion of Britishness at this event reflects recent trends in the re-imagining of that Britishness, which has also become the focus of popular and scholarly debate. In much of this debate, events such as Britfest are seen as representative of a newly emergent sense of identity among British migrants—as an organic reawakening of community pride, nationhood and sense of (an often privileged) place in Australia.
Globalising Aboriginal Reconciliation: Indigenous Australians and Asian (Japanese) Migrants
Authors: Hokari Minoru
Published: November 2014

Over the last few years, I have attended several political meetings concerned with the refugee crisis, multiculturalism or Indigenous rights in Australia, meetings at which liberal democratic–minded ‘left-wing’ people came together to discuss, or agitate for change in, governmental policies. At these meetings, I always found it difficult to accept the slogans on their placards and in their speeches: ‘Shame Australia! Reconciliation for a united Australia’, ‘Wake up Australia! We welcome refugees!’ or ‘True Australians are tolerant! Let’s celebrate multicultural Australia!’ My uncomfortable feeling came not only from the fact that I was left out because of my Japanese nationality but also because I had never seen or heard words like ‘shame Japan’, ‘wake up Japan’ or ‘true Japanese are ...’ at Japanese ‘left-wing’ political gatherings. In Japan, these are words used only by right-wing nationalists. Indeed it is difficult to even imagine liberal-left intellectuals in postwar Japan calling for a ‘true Japanese’ political response (as if such a response was positive), such is the extent to which the idea of ‘good nationalism’ is now regarded as an oxymoron. This is my starting point for an essay in which I want to be attentive to the different roles played by national(ism) in the Japanese and Australian political environments.
Long-term outcome of liver transplantation in HCV/HIV coinfected haemophilia patients
Authors: Marquardt N. , Horneff S. , Balta Z. , Strassburg C. P. , Oldenburg J. , Goldmann G. , Zeitler H.
Published: November 2014

The outcome and clinical features during long term follow-up of 10 haemophilia patients (haemophilia A n = 9, haemophilia B n = 1), who underwent successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) due to hepatitis associated liver disease, are summarised.

Eight patients were HIV/HCV co-infected. Despite severe postoperative complications, which were not bleeding-associated, all patients survived OLT.

Long-term survival was 70% after in mean 8 years follow- up. Twelve years after OLT one patient developed a cyclosporine-induced nephropathy requiring haemodialysis. HIV-HAART was initiated in all patients after OLT, and allowed a successful HCV treatment in 6 patients. Factor VIII production was sufficient in mean 72 h after OLT and remained stable at subnormal to normal FVIII levels of in median 30% (range 14–96%) also during long-term follow-up. Post-OLT spontaneous bleeding events were rare compared to pre-OLT, therefore, the performance status improved in all patients.

OLT substitutes the hepatic FVIII but has no effect on the extrahepatic endothelial FVIII production, suggesting that in case of severe tissue injury enhanced bleeding might occur. Additionally, after OLT there is no acute phase reaction of the FVIII protein. Therefore, our OLT patients received in case of a reduced FVIII activity a peri-interventional prophylactic short-term FVIII substitution in surgical and diagnostic interventions with high bleeding risk.

Bleeding and wound healing disturbances were not seen.
First and Second-Phase Transitions of Gases at Isobaric Process; Lennard–Jones (9,6) Gases with a Hard Core
Authors: Matsumoto Akira
Published: November 2014

The thermodynamic functions for Lennard-Jones (9,6) gases with a hard core that are evaluated till the third virial coefficients, are investigated at an isobaric process. Some thermodynamic functions are analytically expressed as functions of intensive variables, temperature, and pressure. Some thermodynamic quantities for carbon dioxide are calculated numerically and drawn graphically. In critical states, the heat capacity diverges to infinity at the critical point while the Gibbs free energy, volume, enthalpy, and entropy are continuous at the critical point. In the coexistence of two phases, the boiling temperatures and the enthalpy changes of vaporization are obtained by numerical calculations for 20 substances. The Gibbs free energy indicates a polygonal line; entropy, volume, and enthalpy jump from the liquid to gaseous phase at the boiling point. The heat capacity does not diverge to infinity but shows a finite discrepancy at boiling point. This suggests that a first-order phase transition at the boiling point and a second-order phase transition may occur at the critical point.
Kinetics of the Elementary Act of Electrochemical Reactions at the Semiconductor–Electrolyte Solution Interface
Authors: Kovalenko Sergii , Soloviev Veniamin
Published: November 2014

In the framework of the quantum-mechanical theory of elementary act of non-adiabatic electrochemical reactions, it is carried out the calculation of the discharge current of ions at the semiconductor-electrolyte solution interface using the model of isotropic spherically symmetric band. It is shown that our results generalize the well-known formulae for the current density obtained by Dogonadze, Kuznetsov, and Chizmadzhev [R. R. Dogonadze, A. M. Kuznetsov, and Yu. A. Chizmadzhev, The kinetics of some heterogeneous reactions at semiconductor-electrolyte interface, Zhur. Fiz. Khim. 38, 1195 (1964)]. The average densities of states in the valence band and the conduction band of the semiconductor electrode in the heterogeneous charge transfer are found.
Three New Di-O-glycosyl-C-glucosyl Flavones from the Leaves of Caesalpinia ferrea Mart.
Authors: Nawwar Mahmoud , El-Mousallami Amani , Hussein Sahar , Hashem Amani , Mousa Mona , Lindequist Ulrike , Linscheid Michael
Published: November 2014

Three hitherto unknown di-O-xylosyl-C-glycosyl flavones were isolated from the leaves of Caesalpinia ferrea. The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated by conventional methods and spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, as well as by HRESIMS.
Negotiating the Waters
Authors: Parker Cory
Published: November 2014

The transition from canoe to steamship on the remote Skagit and Nooksack Rivers in Washington Territory occurred in a brief period of settlement in the nineteenth century. Diaries and historical accounts from the Pacific Northwest describe settlers' perceptions of mobility derived from communities they had left in their journey west. As they confronted an indigenous mode of travel rooted in place, they adapted and then usurped the canoe, bringing steamships to the Skagit and then Nooksack River. Steamship travel required a complex infrastructure of cleared rivers, supply chains, mechanical knowledge and observational navigation, linking travelers with a larger, regional network. The advent of steamships triggered significant environmental changes to the riverine landscape and the broader region.
The History and Use of Human Hepatocytes for the Treatment of Liver Diseases: The First 100 Patients
Authors: Hansel Marc C. , Gramignoli Roberto , Skvorak Kristen J. , Dorko Kenneth , Marongiu Fabio , Blake William , Davila Julio , Strom Stephen C.
Published: November 2014

Orthotopic liver transplantation remains the only curative treatment for many end‐stage liver diseases, yet the number of patients receiving liver transplants remains limited by the number of organs available for transplant. There is a need for alternative therapies for liver diseases. The transplantation of isolated hepatocytes (liver cells) has been used as an experimental therapy for liver disease in a limited number of cases. Recently, the 100th case of hepatocyte transplantation was reported. This review discusses the history of the hepatocyte transplant field, the major discoveries that supported and enabled the first hepatocyte transplants, and reviews the cases and outcomes of the first 100 clinical transplants. Some of the problems that limit the application or efficacy of hepatocyte transplantation are discussed, as are possible solutions to these problems. In conclusion, hepatocyte transplants have proven effective particularly in cases of metabolic liver disease where reversal or amelioration of the characteristic symptoms of the disease is easily quantified. However, no patients have been completely corrected of a metabolic liver disease for a significant amount of time by hepatocyte transplantation alone. It is likely that future developments in new sources of cells for transplantation will be required before this cellular therapy can be fully implemented and available for large numbers of patients. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the role of plant volatiles in anthropogenic global climate change
Authors: Unger Nadine
Published: November 2014

Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions from terrestrial ecosystems undergo rapid oxidation in the atmosphere that affects multiple warming and cooling climate pollutants. Since the preindustrial, BVOC‐chemistry‐climate interactions have been strongly influenced by anthropogenic changes in land cover, pollution emissions, and the physical climate state. Here, an Earth system model is applied to quantify the effects of BVOC emissions on the global radiation balance in the 1850s and 2000s including changes to tropospheric ozone, methane, and direct aerosol‐radiation interactions. The net chemical forcing of global climate due to all known anthropogenic influences on BVOC emissions is −0.17 Wm−2 (cooling) that offsets the +0.10 Wm−2 (warming) due to anthropogenic VOC emissions from fossil fuel use and industry for this time period. BVOC emissions need to be included in assessments of anthropogenic radiative forcing.
Midterm periods of solar filaments
Authors: Zou Peng , Li Qixiu
Published: November 2014

On the basis of the Carte Synoptique catalogue of solar filaments from March 1919 to December 1989, we measure power spectra of detrended full‐disk (FSFNs, latitudinal bands: 0∘–90∘), low‐latitude (LSFNs, latitudinal bands: <50∘), and high‐latitude (HSFNs, latitudinal bands: ≥50∘) solar filament numbers by Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) and Continuous wavelet transform to detect midterm periods. It is found as the following: (1) FSFNs and LSFNs have the same midterm periodicity, while HSFNs show a different midrange periodicity. Some periods frequently mentioned in other solar indices are also detected from the solar filament numbers, such as 2–3 year period (quasi‐biennial oscillation—QBO), ∼1.7 year, ∼1.3 year, ∼1 year, 150–157 day period (Rieger period), and 6.0–6.4 months (Rieger‐type period). These periods are intermittent during considered time span. Some of them are missing in some solar cycles. (2) QBO is detected from total data and most solar cycles of FSFNs, LSFNs, and HSFNs. It may be related to oscillation of magnetic field of solar surface. (3) Approximately 1.3 year period occasionally appears, but ∼1.7 year period is hardly seen. These two periods probably are seasonal effects. (4) Approximately 1 year period is detected from both total data and every solar cycle of FSFNs and LSFNs but hardly detected from HSFNs. It is perhaps connected with sunspot activity. (5) Rieger period of 5.0–5.2 months is detected in total data and even solar cycles of HSFNs. Rieger‐type period of 6.0–6.4 months is found in total data and most solar cycles, except cycle 18 of LSFNs and FSFNs. These periods seem to be subharmonics of ∼11 year period.
Observation of the neutral‐ion coupling through 6 day planetary wave
Authors: Gu Sheng‐Yang , Liu Han‐Li , Li Tao , Dou Xiankang , Wu Qian , Russell James M.
Published: November 2014

A westward 6 day oscillation with zonal wave number 1 is identified in the global maps of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) during May 2003. This signature coincides with the wave activities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region with a similar zonal structure and period, deduced from the temperature and wind observations from the Thermosphere Ionosphere and Mesosphere Electric Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. The vertical wavelength of this 6 day wave is estimated to be ~65 km, which enables it to propagate up into the lower thermosphere and therefore modulate the ionosphere through E region wind dynamo. The zonal wind perturbations of the 6 day wave maximize in the equatorial region with an amplitude of ~30 m/s and the meridional wind perturbations peak at middle latitudes with an amplitude of 15–20 m/s. The 6 day oscillation in TEC peaks at the geomagnetic equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests in both hemispheres with a deep minimum at the equator. The absolute TEC perturbations maximize at ~1400–1800 LT with an amplitude of ~9 (~7) total electron content unit (TECU; 1 TECU = 1016 m−2) in the southern (northern) hemisphere, which account for ~16% (~10%) of the background TEC. Larger relative TEC perturbations of ~20% are found at 0200–0400 LT. The similar wave number‐period spectra and the consistent temporal variations of the 6 day periodical signatures in both neutral atmosphere and ionosphere suggest a strong neutral‐ion coupling through planetary wave.
Survey of Saturn auroral storms observed by the Hubble Space Telescope: Implications for storm time scales
Authors: Meredith C. J. , Cowley S. W. H. , Nichols J. D.
Published: November 2014

We examine the ultraviolet images of Saturn obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) between 1997 and 2013 for the presence of auroral storm signatures, consisting of 2060 individual images over 74.4 h of exposure time. We find 12 storm intervals in these data, identified by bright high‐latitude auroras spanning the dawn sector, which previous studies have shown are excited by strong magnetospheric compressions by the solar wind. While most of these events have previously been discussed individually, here we consider what may be deduced about the lifetime of storms, yet unobserved directly for a given event, by examining the ensemble. Specifically, we examine the presence or absence of storm signatures in successive HST observing “visits” separated by varying intervals of time. We show that the observations are consistent with a typical lifetime of ~1.5 Saturn rotations (~16 h), within a likely range between ~1 and ~2 rotations. We suggest that this time scale and the storm evolution morphology relate to the time for hot plasma subcorotation around the planet, following injection postmidnight after a major burst of tail reconnection excited by the solar wind compression. From the overall observed ~12% occurrence frequency of storm signatures, we further infer an averaged storm recurrence time of ~5.5 days (~4‐7 days), although this averaged value could be shortened by the occurrence of successive storm activations within few‐day disturbed solar wind intervals as observed directly in two cases.
Approximate forms of daytime ionospheric conductance
Authors: Ieda A. , Oyama S. , Vanhamäki H. , Fujii R. , Nakamizo A. , Amm O. , Hori T. , Takeda M. , Ueno G. , Yoshikawa A. , Redmon R. J. , Denig W. F. , Kamide Y. , Nishitani N.
Published: November 2014

The solar zenith angle (SZA) dependence of the conductance is studied and a simple theoretical form for the Hall‐to‐Pedersen conductance ratio is developed, using the peak plasma production height. The European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radar observations at Tromsø (67 MLAT) on 30 March 2012 were used to calculate the conductance. The daytime electric conductance is associated with plasma created by solar extreme ultraviolet radiation incident on the neutral atmosphere of the Earth. However, it has been uncertain whether previous conductance models are consistent with the ideal Chapman theory for such plasma productions. We found that the SZA dependence of the conductance is consistent with the Chapman theory after simple modifications. The Pedersen conductance can be understood by approximating the plasma density height profile as being flat in the topside E region and by taking into account the upward gradient of atmospheric temperature. An additional consideration is necessary for the Hall conductance, which decreases with increasing SZA more rapidly than the Pedersen conductance. This rapid decrease is presumably caused by a thinning of the Hall conductivity layer from noon toward nighttime. We expressed this thinning in terms of the peak production height in the Chapman theory.
A new method for analysis of variance of the hydraulic and reactive attributes of aquifers as linked to hierarchical and multiscaled sedimentary architecture
Authors: Soltanian Mohamad Reza , Ritzi Robert W.
Published: November 2014

This technical note presents a useful methodology for studying how the variance of hydraulic and/or reactive attributes of an aquifer are linked to the multiscaled and hierarchical sedimentary architecture of the aquifer. A new recursive equation is derived which quantitatively describes how the variance is related to sedimentary facies defined at all scales across an entire stratal hierarchy. As compared to prior published equations that emphasize differences in means among facies populations within a hierarchical level, it emphasizes differences across levels. Because of the hierarchical relationships among the terms of the equation, we find it to be useful for conducting a holistic analysis of the relative contributions to the variance arising from all facies types defined across all scales. The methodology is demonstrated using appropriate field data, and is shown to be useful in defining parsimonious classification systems.
Predation (Including Parasites and Disease) and Herbivory
Authors: Hartvigsen Gregg
Published: November 2014

Organisms are usually both enemies and victims of ecological interactions. Even individuals within ‘top predator’ species often suffer from cannibalism (an ecological ‘self‐loop’), parasites, or disease agents. Predators capture, kill and consume their victims. Parasites either live on or within a victim and may kill their host directly or, more typically, reduce the host's growth, survival and/or reproductive potential. Parasitoids function like predators but the act of killing the host is done by offspring which, generally, hatch from an egg on or near a host and then enter the victim and consumes it from inside. Disease agents vary in their effects on victims from hardly noticeable to causing death. Finally, herbivory is that act of an animal consuming part, or the entirety, of a plant. The effect of herbivory on plants may be unquantifiable to resulting in the death of the plant.

Key Concepts:

Predators capture, kill and consume their prey.

Parasitoids lay eggs on or near victims. These eggs hatch and the larvae enter and consume their victims from within.

Parasites live on or within their victims and usually reduce the victim's ability to grow, survive and/or reproduce.

Disease agents generally reduce victim growth, survival and/or reproductive rates.

Herbivory is the act by an animal of consuming plant material which may reduce plant growth, survival and/or reproductive success.

Researchers continue to debate the relative importance of top‐down effects from enemies on victims and the effects of bottom‐up effects of resources in population dynamics.

Mathematical and computer models can help us to understand and predict these complex species interactions.
Assisted Tandem Palladium(II)/Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed C‐ and N‐Arylations of Quinoxalin‐2(1 H)‐ones in Water
Authors: Carrër Amandine , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad , Messaoudi Samir
Published: November 2014

A straightforward assisted tandem palladium(II)‐ and palladium(0)‐catalyzed direct C‐3 and N‐4 arylation of quinoxalin‐2(1 H)‐ones with boronic acids and aryl halides in water as safe and cheap solvent is reported. This environmentally friendly catalytic protocol is compatible with a wide range of functional groups and allows construction of various biologically important quinoxalin‐2(1 H)‐one backbones.

magnified image
Myocardial fat overgrowth in Proteus syndrome
Authors: Hannoush H. , Sachdev V. , Brofferio A. , Arai A.E. , LaRocca G. , Sapp J. , Sidenko S. , Brenneman C. , Biesecker L.G. , Keppler‐Noreuil K.M.
Published: November 2014

Proteus syndrome (PS) is a rare, mosaic disorder with asymmetric and distorting overgrowth of the skeletal system, skin, and adipose tissues. Cardiac abnormalities are rare in this syndrome and only two prior cases have been reported. Many patients with PS followed at our institution underwent transthoracic echocardiograms for preoperative evaluation or as work‐up for associated pulmonary disease. Some were noted to have prominent, focal echodense areas in the myocardium. We further investigated cardiac findings in a cohort of children and adult patients with PS. Patients with abnormal echocardiograms were referred for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, Holter monitoring, and exercise treadmill testing. Twenty children and adults with PS, age 24 months to 50 years old, underwent transthoracic echocardiograms. Seven patients (35%) had focal bright echodense areas within the myocardium suggesting fatty infiltration. The majority of patients had significant involvement of the interventricular septum. The cardiac characteristics of all patients with fatty infiltration on transthoracic echocardiograms were compared to Proteus patients without these findings. There were no significant differences in chamber sizes, mass, systolic or diastolic function. No increased risk of conduction defects or arrhythmias was found. This study shows that abnormal fat overgrowth is a common finding in the myocardium in patients with Proteus syndrome; however, it is not associated with functional derangements or arrhythmias. Further evaluation of a larger number of Proteus patients is needed in order to determine the frequency and prognosis of cardiac involvement. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Classical and fluctuation‐induced electromagnetic interactions in micron‐scale systems: designer bonding, antibonding, and Casimir forces
Authors: Rodriguez Alejandro W. , Hui Pui‐Chuen , Woolf David P. , Johnson Steven G. , Lončar Marko , Capasso Federico
Published: November 2014

Whether intentionally introduced to exert control over particles and macroscopic objects, such as for trapping or cooling, or whether arising from the quantum and thermal fluctuations of charges in otherwise neutral bodies, leading to unwanted stiction between nearby mechanical parts, electromagnetic interactions play a fundamental role in many naturally occurring processes and technologies. In this review, we survey recent progress in the understanding and experimental observation of optomechanical and quantum‐fluctuation forces. Although both of these effects arise from exchange of electromagnetic momentum, their dramatically different origins, involving either real or virtual photons, lead to different physical manifestations and design principles. Specifically, we describe recent predictions and measurements of attractive and repulsive optomechanical forces, based on the bonding and antibonding interactions of evanescent waves, as well as predictions of modified and even repulsive Casimir forces between nanostructured bodies. Finally, we discuss the potential impact and interplay of these forces in emerging experimental regimes of micromechanical devices.
Synergistic Steric Effects in the Development of a Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkyne Carbohalogenation: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Vinyl Halides
Authors: Le Christine M. , Menzies Perry J. C. , Petrone David A. , Lautens Mark
Published: November 2014

We report our finding that by exploiting the synergistic steric effects between substrate and catalyst, an intramolecular Pd‐catalyzed alkyne carbohalogenation can be achieved. This operationally simple method uses the bulky Pd/Q‐Phos combination and allows access to tetrasubstituted vinyl halides from the corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides. Steric effects in the substrate play a key role by promoting C‐halogen reductive elimination and enabling catalytic turnover. Through a reversible oxidative addition mechanism, a thermodynamically driven isomerization reaction is observed at elevated temperatures. Thus by changing the reaction temperature, both stereoisomers of the reaction become readily accessible.
Synthesis and Characterization of 2‐Pyridylsulfur Pentafluorides
Authors: Kanishchev Oleksandr S. , Dolbier William R.
Published: November 2014

Current approaches to prepare SF5‐substituted heterocycles during the synthesis of targeted heterocyclic compounds require the use of SF5‐functionalized aryl or alkyne reagents or SF5Cl as a source of the SF5 functional group. Herein we report that excess oxidative fluorination of 2,2′‐dipyridyl disulfide with a KF/Cl2/MeCN system leads to the formation of thirteen new 2‐pyridylsulfur chlorotetrafluorides (2‐SF4Cl‐pyridines). These molecules are found to undergo further chlorine–fluorine exchange reactions by treatment with silver(I) fluoride enabling ready access to a series of ten new substituted 2‐pyridylsulfur pentafluorides (2‐SF5‐pyridines). This is the first preparatively simple and readily scalable example of the transformation of an existing heterocyclic sulfur functionality to prepare SF5‐substituted heterocycles.
Visual information seeking
Authors: Albertson Dan
Published: November 2014

The present study reports on the information seeking processes in a visual context, referred to throughout as visual information seeking. This study synthesizes research throughout different, yet complementary, areas, each capable of contributing findings and understanding to visual information seeking. Methods previously applied for examining the visual information seeking process are reviewed, including interactive experiments, surveys, and various qualitative approaches. The methods and resulting findings are presented and structured according to generalized phases of existing information seeking models, which include the needs, actions, and assessments of users. A review of visual information needs focuses on need and thus query formulation; user actions, as reviewed, centers on search and browse behaviors and the observed trends, concluded by a survey of users' assessments of visual information as part of the interactive process. This separate examination, specific to a visual context, is significant; visual information can influence outcomes in an interactive process and presents variations in the types of needs, tasks, considerations, and decisions of users, as compared to information seeking in other contexts.
Who publishes in “predatory” journals?
Authors: Xia Jingfeng , Harmon Jennifer L. , Connolly Kevin G. , Donnelly Ryan M. , Anderson Mary R. , Howard Heather A.
Published: November 2014

Many open access journals have a reputation for being of low quality and being dishonest with regard to peer review and publishing costs. Such journals are labeled “predatory” journals. This study examines author profiles for some of these “predatory” journals as well as for groups of more well‐recognized open access journals. We collect and analyze the publication record, citation count, and geographic location of authors from the various groups of journals. Statistical analyses verify that each group of journals has a distinct author population. Those who publish in “predatory” journals are, for the most part, young and inexperienced researchers from developing countries. We believe that economic and sociocultural conditions in these developing countries have contributed to the differences found in authorship between “predatory” and “nonpredatory” journals.
Can we rank scholarly book publishers? A bibliometric experiment with the field of history
Authors: Zuccala Alesia , Guns Raf , Cornacchia Roberto , Bod Rens
Published: November 2014

This is a publisher ranking study based on a citation data grant from Elsevier, specifically, book titles cited in Scopus history journals (2007–2011) and matching metadata from WorldCat® (i.e., OCLC numbers, ISBN codes, publisher records, and library holding counts). Using both resources, we have created a unique relational database designed to compare citation counts to books with international library holdings or libcitations for scholarly book publishers. First, we construct a ranking of the top 500 publishers and explore descriptive statistics at the level of publisher type (university, commercial, other) and country of origin. We then identify the top 50 university presses and commercial houses based on total citations and mean citations per book (CPB). In a third analysis, we present a map of directed citation links between journals and book publishers. American and British presses/publishing houses tend to dominate the work of library collection managers and citing scholars; however, a number of specialist publishers from Europe are included. Distinct clusters from the directed citation map indicate a certain degree of regionalism and subject specialization, where some journals produced in languages other than English tend to cite books published by the same parent press. Bibliometric rankings convey only a small part of how the actual structure of the publishing field has evolved; hence, challenges lie ahead for developers of new citation indices for books and bibliometricians interested in measuring book and publisher impacts.
Generic speech summarization of transcribed lecture videos: Using tags and their semantic relations
Authors: Kim Hyun Hee , Kim Yong Ho
Published: November 2014

We propose a tag‐based framework that simulates human abstractors' ability to select significant sentences based on key concepts in a sentence as well as the semantic relations between key concepts to create generic summaries of transcribed lecture videos. The proposed extractive summarization method uses tags (viewer‐ and author‐assigned terms) as key concepts. Our method employsFlickr tag clusters andWordNet synonyms to expand tags and detect the semantic relations between tags. This method helps select sentences that have a greater number of semantically related key concepts. To investigate the effectiveness and uniqueness of the proposed method, we compare it with an existing technique, latent semantic analysis (LSA), using intrinsic and extrinsic evaluations. The results of intrinsic evaluation show that the tag‐based method is as or more effective than theLSAmethod. We also observe that in the extrinsic evaluation, the grand mean accuracy score of the tag‐based method is higher than that of theLSAmethod, with a statistically significant difference. Elaborating on our results, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings for speech video summarization and retrieval.
Aptamer CaCO3 Nanostructures: A Facile, pH‐Responsive, Specific Platform for Targeted Anticancer Theranostics
Authors: Zhou Cuisong , Chen Tao , Wu Cuichen , Zhu Guizhi , Qiu Liping , Cui Cheng , Hou Weijia , Tan Weihong
Published: November 2014

The application of cancer theranostics depends on the development of multifunctional nanostructured platforms for accurate cell targeting and controlled drug release, imaging, and therapy. Herein, a comprehensive, easily fabricated anticancer theranostic platform with a high drug‐loading capacity, termed an aptamer‐functionalized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanostructure (apt‐CCN), is reported. Flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy studies demonstrate that apt‐CCNs can specifically bind to target cancer cells, but not to control cells, and that they possess highly efficient internalization to target cancer cells. This smart nanostructure selectively reaches the lysosomes through receptor‐mediated endocytosis and is responsive to the relatively low lysosome pH (4.5–5.5), which facilitates the release of doxorubicin. The apt‐CCN platform offers targeted and efficient drug transport, as well as target‐specific delivery of imaging agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Lyapunov Design of Multivariable MRAC via Generalized Passivation
Authors: Hsu Liu , Minhoto Teixeira Marcelo Carvalho , Costa Ramon Romankevicius , Assunção Edvaldo
Published: November 2014

A Lyapunov design of multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) model‐reference adaptive control (MRAC) systems is proposed using new generalized passivity concepts based on WSPR and WASPR properties. The new design avoids control overparameterization and leads to the simplest unnormalized gradient algorithm by means of a passivating multiplier. To this end, a necessary and sufficient condition on the high frequency gain matrix to achieve the WASPR property is established. This condition is referred to as Positive Diagonal Jordan (PDJ) form. Based on the robustness WSPR and WASPR properties, a systematic determination of a robust passivating matrix multiplier is then presented. The advantages of the new design are illustrated by numerical simulation including a robotics adaptive visual servoing problem and a 4‐input‐4‐output dynamic system. © 2014 Chinese Automatic Control Society and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
New radial velocities for 30 candidate runaway stars and a possible binary supernova origin for HIP 9470 and PSR J0152–1637
Authors: Tetzlaff N. , Torres G. , Bieryla A. , Neuhäuser R.
Published: November 2014

We report new radial velocity measurements for 30 candidate runaway stars. We revise their age estimates and compute their past trajectories in the Galaxy in order to determine their birthplaces. We find that seven of the stars could be younger than ∼100 Myr, and for five of them we identify multiple young clusters and associations in which they may have formed. For the youngest star in the sample, HIP 9470, we suggest a possible ejection scenario in a supernova event, and also that it may be associated with the young pulsar PSR J0152–1637. Our spectroscopic observations reveal seven of the stars in the sample of 30 to be previously unknown spectroscopic binaries. Orbital solutions for four of them are reported here as well. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tunable multicolor and white‐light upconversion luminescence in Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 micro‐crystals
Authors: Lin Hao , Xu Dekang , Teng Dongdong , Yang Shenghong , Zhang Yueli
Published: November 2014

NaYF4 micro‐crystals with various concentrations of Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ were prepared successfully via a simple and reproducible hydrothermal route using EDTA as the chelating agent. Their phase structure and surface morphology were studied using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD patterns revealed that all the samples were pure hexagonal phase NaYF4. SEM images showed that Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 were hexagonal micro‐prisms. Upconversion photoluminescence spectra of Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 micro‐crystals with various dopant concentrations under 980 nm excitation with a 665 mW pump power were studied. Tunable multicolor (purple, purplish blue, yellowish green, green) and white light were achieved by simply adjusting the Ho3+ concentration in 20%Yb3+/1%Tm3+/xHo3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 micro‐crystals. Furthermore, white‐light emissions could be obtained using different pump powers in 20%Yb3+/1%Tm3+/1%Ho3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 micro‐crystals at 980 nm excitation. The pump power‐dependent intensity relationship was studied and relevant energy transfer processes were discussed in detail. The results suggest that Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 micro‐crystals have potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaic, plasma display panel and white‐light‐emitting diodes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary cutaneous tuberculosis in a 27‐year‐old medical intern from needle‐stick injury: a case report
Authors: Karoney Mercy Jelagat , Kaumbuki Erastus Kanake , Koech Mathew Kiptonui , Lelei Lectary Kibor
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical Message

The authors report a case of cutaneous tuberculosis in a 27‐year‐old African male medical intern who contracted primary cutaneous from a needle‐stick injury. Cultures of pus aspirated from the finger initially grew Staphylococcus aureus that led to a delay in the diagnosis.
Prenatal diagnosis of pyriform sinus fistula: case report and literature review
Authors: Kakogawa Jun , Nako Takafumi , Igarashi Suguru , Nakamura Shin , Tanaka Mamoru
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical Message

We describe a case of prenatal diagnosis of a pharyngeal cyst as a pyriform sinus fistula on the findings of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.