bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and Reliability Study of Distance Education Applicatıons Self-Efficiency Scale
Authors: Cenk SALIŞ Hüseyin , YEŞİL Rüştü
Published: March 2023

Alanyazın incelendiğinde uzaktan eğitim teknolojilerinin kullanımı ve öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüş, algı ve tutumları ile ilgili çok sayıda çalışmanın yapıldığı dikkati çekmektedir. Bununla birlikte, salgın döneminde
doğrudan yaşanıp test edilmişliklere dayalı olarak uyum sorunlarının özellikle yeterlikler çerçevesinde yeniden ele alınmasının önemli bir ihtiyaç haline geldiği söylenebilir. Bunun için öncelikle, gerçekçi verilerin toplanmasında
kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir veri toplama araçlarına ihtiyaç olduğu belirtilmelidir. Uzaktan eğitim sürecinde sınıf öğretmenlerinin öz yeterliliklerinin belirlenmesinde veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılabilmek üzere geçerli
ve güvenilir bir ölçek geliştirmek, bu araştırmanın özel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma bir ölçek geliştirmeyi amaçlaması nedeniyle temel araştırma özelliği taşımaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubu 408 ilkokul öğretmeninden
oluşmuştur. Toplanan veriler üzerinde yapılan geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri sonunda 3 faktörlü ve 26 maddelik likert tipi bir ölçek yapısına ulaşılmıştır. Amaç ve içeriği temel alınarak ölçeğe ‘‘Uzaktan Eğitim Uygulamaları
Öz Yeterlik (UZEÖ) Ölçeği’’ adı verilmiştir. Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin değeri 0.954; Bartlett Testi değerleri x2=5960.834; sd=325; p<0.001’dir.Geçerlik analizleri kapsamında yapı geçerliği ve ayırt edicilik analizi yapılmıştır. Ölçekte
yer alan 26 maddenin faktör yükleri 0.523ile 0.760 arasındadır. Maddeler, genel varyansın %56.552’ni açıklayabilmektedir. Maddelerin madde-toplam korelasyonu katsayılarının p<.001 düzeyinde anlamlı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Veriler
üzerinde yapılan iç tutarlılık katsayısı incelemesi sonunda Cronbachalpha 0,948 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu değerler birlikte ölçeğingeçerli ve güvenilir bir veri toplama aracı olduğu söylenebilir.
A Social Responsibility Project in Transformation of Traditional Handicrafts: Bir Usta Bin Usta Project and Amasya Broadcloth Weaving
Authors: İNCİ Petek ERSOY
Published: March 2023

2010-2019 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin ilk sigorta şirketi olan Anadolu Sigorta, bir sosyal sorumluluk projesi hazırlamıştır. Geleneksel el sanatlarını yeniden canlandırmayı hedefleyen bu projenin adı Bir Usta Bin Usta’dır. Kültür
ve Turizm Bakanlığı’nın tescilli ustaları tarafından İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlükleri aracılığıyla yapılan duyurulara başvuran kişilerden seçilen kursiyerler, önceden belirlenen kurs mekânlarında modüler eğitim yoluyla iki-üç ay
ders almışlar, ders aldıkları dönemde kurs sonrası yapılması zorunlu kılınan sergiye ürün hazırlamış, sergi açılışında da hem ustaya hem de kursiyerlere katılım sertifikaları takdim edilmiştir. Bir Usta Bin Usta projesi kapsamında
her yıl beş geleneksel el sanatı çalışılmıştır. On senede toplamda elli geleneksel el sanatçısına destek olan bu projenin son yılı olan 2019’da Amasya’nın Yassıçal köyüne özgü bir dokuma türü olan çuha dokuma kursu verilmiştir.
Bu kursun verildiği dönemde alan araştırması için üç kere Amasya’daki kurs ortamı ziyaret edilmiş, her bir kursiyerle derinlemesine mülakat yapılmış, fotoğraflar çekilmiş ve neticede nitel araştırma tekniklerinden etnografi yöntemi
tercih edilmiştir. Kaynak kişilerin verdiği bilgilerin bu makalede kullanılması için gönüllü ve sözlü onayları alınmıştır. Bu makalede öncelikle çuha dokuma hakkında bilgi verilmiş, ardından çuha dokumanın gelenek tartışmaları
içindeki yeri anlatılmış ve geleneğin dönüşümü kapsamında Bir Usta Bin Usta projesinin çuha dokuma geleneğinde yarattığı değişim açıklanmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde de çuhanın kültür endüstrisi içinde nasıl yer alabileceğine dair çeşitli
önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Teachers’ Learning Agility Scale: An Adaptation Study to Turkish Culture
Authors: KAYA Ayça , ARGON Türkan
Published: March 2023

Öğrenme çevikliği, deneyimden öğrenmek ve daha sonra bu öğrenmeyi yeni veya ilk fırsatta başarıyla uygulama istekliliği ve yeterliliği olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Araştırmada Gravett ve Caldwell (2016) tarafından geliştirilen Öğrenme
Çevikliği Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması yapılmıştır. Dil geçerliğinde çeviri, geri-çeviri ve uzman görüşü alınmıştır. Dil eşdeğerliğinde dilsel eşdeğer form çalışmasıyla İngilizce-Türkçe form puanlarının arasında pozitif,
anlamlı korelasyonlar tespit edilmiştir. Faktör yapısını tespit etmede yapılan açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinde ölçeğin 23 maddeli ve 4 faktörlü yapıdan oluştuğu saptanmıştır. Madde toplam korelasyon katsayıları ve
faktör yük değerleri istenen düzeydedir. Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlılığı α= 0.92’dir. Alt-Üst %27’lik gruplar arasındaki farkın anlamlı olduğu; DFA sonucu maddelerin faktör yük değerlerinin yüksek-orta faktör yükü olarak ortaya çıktığı
tespit edilmiştir. Çoklu korelasyon karesi değerlerinin (R2) .18 ile .66 arasında değiştiği, R2 değerinin orta-yüksek düzeyde çıktığı anlaşılmıştır. X2/df, NNFI ve RMSEA değerlerinin yapılan modifikasyonlardan sonra uyum iyiliği
değerlerinde daha iyi bir seviye olduğu görülmektedir. Bulgulara göre, öğretmenlerin genel öğrenme çevikliği ile alt boyutları olan zihinsel çeviklik, insan ilişkileri çevikliği ve sonuçlara odaklanma çevikliği ile ilgili görüşlerinde
yüksek düzeyde; ancak öğretmenlerin değişim çevikliği ile ilgili görüşlerinde orta düzeyde benzerlik olduğu söylenebilir. Öğrenme Çevikliği Ölçeği’nin toplamda 23 maddeden oluşan 4 faktörlü geçerli güvenilir sonuçlara ulaşılabilecek
bir ölçme aracı olduğu olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Foreseeability and Adequate Causation in International, European and Turkish Business Law
Authors: ŞAHİN Çağlar
Published: March 2023

Foreseeability and adequate causation are methods for limiting the liability for damages. Foreseeability theory is found in United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods (hereinafter “the CISG”), Principles of European
Contract Law (hereinafter “the PECL”), French, and English law. Although we refer to the theory with the same name in this context, when considering the main differences between common law and civil law, especially regarding liability
systems and good faith principles, it must be expected to give different results in practice. As a result, French law differs from English law and CISG in terms of fault-based liability and PECL in terms of the good faith principle.
So, we achieve different categories in foreseeability theory. On the other hand, adequate causation is accepted in German and Turkish law and is different from foreseeability theory. The situation that makes foreseeability and
adequate causation so important and why they are included in the study is the basis for determining the liability for breach of contract. The study's main purpose is to analyze the application of which method between parties from
common law and civil law systems is more appropriate for both parties. In addition, CISG and PECL are part of lexmercatoria and combine civil and common law elements. So that is the reason why they are included in this study. Therefore,
this study compares CISG, PECL, English contract law, Turkish contract law, German contract law, and French contract law from the viewpoint of foreseeability and adequate causation theories based on the good faith principle and
the liability systems to find out the differences. In conclusion, foreseeability theory in French law and PECL are more appropriate for business parties from common law and civil law systems. In this respect, foreseeability in
PECL is appropriate regarding strict liability systems. On the other hand, foreseeability in French law is appropriate regarding fault-based liability systems.
An Examination of Greek Refugees from the Aegean Islands in the Second World War according to Turkish and International Law
Authors: ÖĞÜT Selman , BAYRAMOĞLU Burak Sarper
Published: March 2023

1939-1945 yılları arasında gerçekleşen İkinci Dünya Savaşı, başta Avrupa olmak üzere dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde eşi benzeri görülmemiş bir yıkım yaratmıştır. Bu yıkımı korkuyla izleyen pek çok tarafsız devlet gibi Türkiye de savaşa
dahil olmamak için diplomatik manevralar yaparak kendisini güvende tutmaya uğraşmıştır. Öte yandan savaşın acıları yanı başına geldiğinde Türkiye kayıtsız kalamamış ve işgal altındaki Yunanistan’a yönelik yardımlarda bulunmuştur.
Bu yardımların önde gelenlerinden birisi de Ege Denizi’ndeki adalardan Anadolu kıyılarına kaçan Yunan mültecilerin kabulüdür. Bu süreçte gerek askeri personel gerekse sivil olmak üzere pek çok Yunan mülteciye ev sahipliği yapan
Türkiye, bu mültecilere yönelik uygulamalar gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin iç hukuka göre mülteci tanımı, bu bağlamda sivil Yunan mültecilere yönelik uygulamaları ve bu döneme ait çalışmalar, doküman analizi metoduyla
incelenerek ele alınmıştır. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Yunanistan’dan Türkiye’ye Ege Denizi üzerinden gelen mültecilerin hukuki statüleri bu statülerin uluslararası örneklerle karşılaştırılması ve bu statülere göre mültecilere
yönelik yapılan uygulamalar incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda bahsi geçen dönemde Türkiye’nin iç hukuktaki mültecilere yönelik uygulamalarının yine bahsi geçen dönemdeki uluslararası hukuktaki mülteci tanımına ve uygulamalarına
uygunluğu tespit edilmiş ve Türkiye’nin, imzacısı olmamasına rağmen uluslararası mülteci sözleşmelerine uygun bir iç hukuk yolu oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Yunanistan’ın ise geçmişte yaşadığı felaketleri ve Yunan toplumunun düştüğü
mülteci konumunu unuttuğu, Ege Denizi’nde mültecileri ölüme terk eden tavrından dolayı anlaşılmaktadır.
Parenting Styles Should Change as Children Mature?
Authors: TEKKE Mustafa
Published: March 2023

Ana-baba tutumları uzun yıllardır araştırmacıların ilgi odağı olmuştur. Geliştirilen ana-baba tutumları tipolojik olarak sınıflandırılmıştır; otoriter, demokratik, izin verici ve ihmalkar olarak şekillenmektedir. Ebeveynlerin tutumlarının
çocuklarının yaşına ve gelişimine paralel olarak değişmesi önemli görünmektedir. Bunu anlamaya dair yapılan güncel çalışmalar ve kuramlar bu yönde geniş tutarlılık göstermektedir. Bu çalışma çocukların gelişim dönemlerine bağlı
olarak dinamik ebeveyn tutumunun etkisini tartışmaktadır. Psikolojide gelişim döneminin etkileri son yıllarda anlamlı düzeyde artığını dikkate aldığımızda bunun ebeveynlik tutumuna yansıtılması bu çalışmayı farklı kılmıştır. Bunu
yaparken mevcut ebeveyn tutumları, bilimsel çalışmaların değerlendirmesi ve gelişim dönemleri tematik sentezleme yöntemiyle etraflıca araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ortaya çıkan modelin statik anlayışın dışında dinamik ve gelişimsel
olarak anlamlı olup üç ana ebeveynlik tutumu geliştirilmiştir; rehberlikçi, arkadaşça ve eşitlikçi. Bu anlamda rehberlikçi tutum bilgilendirme, anlatma, nasihat, tavsiye ve sunuş kabul edilirken; arkadaşça tutum da daha çok birliktelik,
konuşma, paylaşma, destek olmak ve beraberlik içerir ve özgürlükçü tutum ise birey olduğunu hissetme, müdahaleden kaçınma, destek almak, fikirlerine başvurmak ve sorumluluk almasına gerektirecek yardım istemek kritik görünmektedir.
Bu tutumların alt göstergeleri psikolojik, duyuşsal, sosyal ve bireysel etkileri tartışılmış olup alan yazına yeni bir bakış açısı getirmiştir. Geliştirilen ve ortaya koyulan dinamik ebeveynlik tutumu özellikle eğitimcilerin bireyin
gelişimine uygun daha anlamlı düzeyde yaklaşım sergilemesini önemli kılar. Bununla beraber bu yeni tutumla beraber nitel çalışma olmasından ötürü bu tutumların nicel veya daha detaylı bir nitel çalışma (örn., gözlem, deneysel ve
görüşme) gibi farklı araştırma yöntemleriyle çalışılması değerli olacaktır.
Efficacy of Power Breathe Device versus Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Training Device on Inspiratory Muscle Strength in Upper Abdominal Surgery Patients: A Research Protocol
Authors: Agrawal Komal , Vardhan Vishnu
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Surgery care is important in the treatment of a variety of disorders as well as the alleviation of human suffering. Surgery is essential for meeting basic healthcare needs all across the world, although to varying degrees depending on disease subtypes and epidemiological regions. Laparoscopic surgery is now widely established. Benefits of laparoscopic surgery include improved cosmetic results, reduced postoperative pain, and reduced length of hospital stay with patient satisfaction. Upper abdominal surgery initiates a series of physiological events that result in postoperative pulmonary complications such as increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalisation. Preoperatively in abdominal surgeries, Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) devices have been used to reduce postoperative pulmonary complications as well as improve the quality of life of the patients. Need of the study: Surgery is a crucial part of the healthcare system, and it has a direct impact on the respiratory system. With changes in postoperative pulmonary functions, there are limitations in lung volume and capacities such as total lung capacity, vital capacity, and tidal volume. Power breathe devices have been utilised preoperatively in abdominal procedures for inspiratory muscle training and to prevent postpulmonary complications. As a result, the purpose of this study is to see how the power breath device and the threshold IMT device affect inspiratory muscle strength in upper abdominal operations. Aim: To compare the effect of a power breathe device versus a threshold inspiratory muscle training device on inspiratory muscle strength in patients who had upper abdominal surgery. Methodology: The present comparative research protocol is planned to be conducted on 60 patients with upper abdominal surgery with reduced inspiratory muscle strength. The expected study duration is of one year from 2022 to 2023.Total subjects will be randomly divided into two groups, Group-A will receive power breathe plus conventional physiotherapy five days per week and Group-B will receive threshold IMT plus conventional physiotherapy five days per week for period of two weeks. Before initiating the intervention, patients will have their PImax (maximal inspiratory pressure) evaluated using hand-held pressure manometer equipment. After two weeks, patients will be reviewed again using the same outcome measures. Expected Results/Outcomes: Threshold IMT device along with conventional physiotherapy incorporated preoperatively for the patients is expected to give better results postoperatively
Online vs Offline Pedagogy amidst COVID-19 Pandemic from the Perspective of First Year Medical Students, their Educators and Parents: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bhatia Sonam , Patel Seema , Garima Gini , Singh Mitasha , Nidhi Thakur , Chauhan Varsha , Sharma Suman Bala
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has compelled medical education institutes to impart knowledge to the undergraduate MBBS students through online medium. In order to adopt the new online pedagogy it is important to understand perceptions of students and their educators. Further, it is imperative for us to know the shortcomings of online teaching methodologies to develop and inculcate newer teaching methods to maintain quality education. Aim: To understand the perception and challenges faced by the first year MBBS students, faculty and their parents during the compelling online classes as teaching methodology compared to Offline. Materials and Methods: The present study was questionnaire- based, cross-sectional conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India, between August 2021 and October 2021. The present study included students of MBBS first year (n=123), faculty (n=27) from ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, India, and parents/ guardians of students (n=94). A five-point Likert scale was used to determine the perception of students/faculty/parents. Mean value calculated greater than 3 was considered disagreement and less than 3 as agreement. Online mode (Edumarshal software, Google forms) was used. Statistical analysis was done calculating mean, Standard Deviation (SD) and Paired t-test was used to study significance of study parameters on continuous scale. Results: Student’s perception was that offline teaching was significantly better than online classes in term of enthusiasm, interaction, clarity, periodic assessments (p-value<0.001). Faculty perceived that interference of the external environment was significantly more during online class (Mean±SD=1.07±0.99), periodical assessments were better conducted offline (Mean±SD=1.04±1.05) compared to online. From parent’s view, offline teaching was preferred than online teaching for their ward (Mean±SD=1.75±1.04). Conclusion: The present study observed that though traditional offline teaching methods has its own advantages online pedagogy may be a useful discourse for students and their educators but is accompanied by some challenges. The challenges can be overcome by collaborative efforts of students and their educators to adopt online pedagogy as an effective teaching learning method specially during pandemic situations besides regular offline teaching methods.
Assessment of Spoilage and Pathogenic Bacteria in Selected Fruits and Vegetables from Retail Sources and Home-gardens
Authors: Olanbiwoninu Afolake Atinuke , Awotundun Theresa Abimbola , Olayiwola John Olusola , Fashogbon Rachael Oluwayemisi
Published: March 2023

Consumption of fruits and vegetables which are known to be highly nutritious has been linked to foodborne disease outbreaks which constitute food safety and public concern. This study aimed to assess the safety of selected fruits and vegetables from fruit markets and home gardens, within the South-West region of Nigeria. A total of fifty-three (53) samples of watermelon, cucumber, tomatoes and garden eggs were collected and subjected to microbiological analysis. Isolated bacteria were screened for their pathogenicity and spoilage potential using haemolysis and amylase production tests respectively. A total of 146 bacteria were isolated, 75 (45.7%) were from retail samples and 71 (43.3%) from the home garden. The genera: Bacillus (15.9%), Corynebacterium (11.0%), Lactobacillus (1.2%), Listeria (1.8%), Staphylococcus (12.8%), Enterococcus (1.2%), Micrococcus (1.2%), Acinetobacter (3.7%), Aeromonas (2.4%), Alcaligenes (0.6%), Brucella (0.6%), Vibrio (0.6%), and the family Enterobacteriaceae (36.0%) were identified. Isolates with haemolytic potentials were 51 (31%) while 49 (30%) could cause spoilage. The overall microbiological quality and safety of fruit and vegetable samples analysed in this study is low, as they were contaminated by diverse pathogenic, and spoilage microorganisms. The presence of these pathogens in retailed and home garden fruits and vegetables is a pointer to public health risks and food safety threats. Hence, the need for improved hygienic practice through training handlers along the supply chain.
Evaluating the Role of System-Generated Communications in Health Care Organizations
Authors: Duckro Amy N. , Steiner John F.
Published: March 2023

This Viewpoint discusses measures to improve the role of system-generated communications in health care organizations
Hello, My Name is Doctor
Authors: Menzin Eleanor R.
Published: March 2023

This essay describes a physician’s opinion of why using only a first name can be confusing rather than aiding in resolving inequalities between physicians and other hospital staff or patients.
What Parents Should Know About Sun and Sunburns in Children
Authors: Wood Anna C. , Albertini Laurie W. , Thompson Lindsay A.
Published: March 2023

This Patient Page discusses how to prevent sunburns by avoiding midday sun exposure, using sunscreen, and wearing protective clothing.
Assessment of Reported Time to Access a Loaded Gun Among Colorado Adolescents
Authors: McCarthy Virginia , Wright-Kelly Erin , Steinhart Benjamin , Haasz Maya , Ma Ming , Brooks-Russell Ashley
Published: March 2023

This cross-sectional study uses data from the Healthy Kids Colorado Survey to examine middle and high school students’ perception of the time they would need to access a loaded firearm.
MyD88 and not TRIF knockout is sufficient to abolish LPS‐induced inflammatory responses in bone‐derived macrophages
Authors: Reynoso Marinaliz , Hobbs Stuart , Kolb Alexander L. , Matheny Ronald W. , Roberts Brandon M.
Published: March 2023

Macrophages play an important role in the response to infection and/or repair of injury in tissues. To examine the NF‐κB pathway in response to an inflammatory stimulus, we used wild‐type bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) or BMDMs with knockout (KO) of myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and/or Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor domain‐containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐β (TRIF) via CRISPR/Cas9. Following treatment of BMDMs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response, translational signalling of NF‐κB was quantified via immunoblot and cytokines were measured. Our findings reveal that MyD88 KO, but not TRIF KO, decreased LPS‐induced NF‐κB signalling, and 10% expression of basal MyD88 expression was sufficient to partially rescue the abolished inflammatory cytokine secretion observed upon MyD88 KO.
Explicit design of framed tube high‐rise buildings via inverse problem approach
Authors: Akehashi Hiroki , Takewaki Izuru
Published: March 2023

An explicit design procedure of cross‐sections of framed tube high‐rise buildings via an inverse problem approach is presented. In the formulation, interstory drift ratios and net deformations of beams are prescribed. The derived expressions clearly express the three‐dimensional effect (tube effect) from the orthogonal frame. The expressions are helpful for the preliminary design because cross‐sections are rationally and rapidly provided for a set of target deformations without trial‐and‐error repetition. In the proposed design method, a 2×2‐bay basic model under a set of static horizontal loads is designed at first. Then, this 2×2‐bay model is transformed into a multi‐bay model. The second moments of cross‐section of the multi‐bay model can be obtained based on the equivalence of the responses of those two models in the case where the elongation of columns is neglected. In addition, assumptions of axial strains of columns are introduced to obtain the equivalent parameters of cross‐sections of the 2×2‐bay model. It is demonstrated through numerical examples that the proposed method has reasonable accuracy.
Comparing functions of and recollection with recently taken and recently deleted smartphone camera photos
Authors: Soares Julia S.
Published: March 2023

The current study examined why people take and delete photos with smartphone cameras, and participants' recollective experiences with saved and deleted photos. Two mixed‐methods surveys asked undergraduates (Study 1) and an international online sample (Study 2) to review both recently taken and recently deleted photos from their smartphones' photo album or trash bin. Participants recollected the photographed events for both types of photos and rated the quality of their recollections. Events recollected with saved photos were remembered more vividly, positively, and emotionally intensely compared to recollection with deleted photos. Participants also gave short responses about why they originally took both types of photos, as well as why they had deleted the recently deleted photos. Consistent with prior work, different photo‐taking goals were associated with different recollective experiences, especially for photos taken as mementos compared to photos taken to offload information.
Research on energy‐saving technology of loader hydraulic torque converter based on MATLAB dynamic characteristic simulation
Authors: Sun Liang , Luo Jia , Qiao Yinhu
Published: March 2023

At present, hydraulic transmission loaders have high automatic adaptability and convenient operation, but their transmission efficiency is low, and the intelligent degree of energy consumption regulation is limited. Strengthening the research of locking device in torque converter is an important measure to effectively reduce energy consumption. Therefore, the research uses MATLAB software and torque converter parameters to build the external characteristic curves of the engine and torque converter, and builds the dynamic model based on the working principle and locking process of the lockup clutch. The research and experimental analysis are carried out from three aspects of the lockup dynamic process of the torque converter, the lock‐up and unlocking conditions, and the change of the lockup oil pressure of the clutch. The results show that the speed difference range between pump wheel and turbine (233.08–365.44 rpm) is much lower than that of other cases (409.68–616.23 rpm) when the engine and torque converter are matched. And the fuel rate is the highest when the throttle opening of the loader is 70%, about 38%. The above results show that the locking structure of the hydraulic torque converter of the loader can effectively reduce the working vibration and improve the service life and fuel rate. And its energy‐saving application effect has an important enlightening effect on the performance optimization and resource utilization of construction machinery, and provides new ideas for improvement.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Zr‐4 Alloy and 316 Stainless Steel Diffusion Bonding Joint Using Nb/Ni Composite Interlayer
Authors: Yang Zhenwen , Zhang Fan , Yang Xu , Wang Ying , Wang Dongpo
Published: March 2023

Diffusion bonding of Zr‐4 alloy and 316 stainless steel (SS) without and with the Nb/Ni composite interlayer has been performed. The maximum shear strength of the joint without interlayer is 131 MPa at 900 °C for 30 min under 10 MPa. The results show that the fracture occurs at the diffusion layer as a result of the limited mutual solubility between Zr and Fe and detrimental residual stress. Sound diffusion bonding joints without defects are obtained at lower bonding temperatures due to the addition of Nb/Ni interlayer, and the maximum shear strength is 380 MPa at 820 °C. The typical microstructure of the Zr‐4/Nb/Ni/316SS joint is Zr‐4/Zr(Nb)/Zr(Fe, Nb)2/Zr(Nb)/Nb/Ni3Nb/Ni/(Fe, Cr, Ni)/316SS. The highest hardness value of the joint is 422 HV at the Ni3Nb phase, and cracks appear at the interface between Ni3Nb and the remaining Ni foil. The shear strength first increases and then drops as the Ni3Nb layer thickened. The peak residual stress of the joint reduces from 698 to 466 MPa due to the addition of the Nb/Ni composite interlayer. Finally, the growth kinetic model of the Ni3Nb layer is calculated, which provides a pathway for the regulation of joint properties.
On‐chip Diamond MEMS Magnetic Sensing through Multifunctionalized Magnetostrictive Thin Film
Authors: Zhang Zilong , Zhao Wen , Chen Guo , Toda Masaya , Koizumi Satoshi , Koide Yasuo , Liao Meiyong
Published: March 2023

Electrically integrable, high‐sensitivity, and high‐reliability magnetic sensors are not yet realized at high temperatures (500 °C). In this study, an integrated on‐chip single‐crystal diamond (SCD) micro‐electromechanical system (MEMS) magnetic transducer is demonstrated by coupling SCD with a large magnetostrictive FeGa film. The FeGa film is multifunctionalized to actuate the resonator, self‐sense the external magnetic field, and electrically readout the resonance signal. The on‐chip SCD MEMS transducer shows a high sensitivity of 3.2 Hz mT−1 from room temperature to 500 °C and a low noise level of 9.45 nT Hz−1/2 up to 300 °C. The minimum fluctuation of the resonance frequency is 1.9 × 10−6 at room temperature and 2.3 × 10−6 at 300 °C. An SCD MEMS resonator array with parallel electric readout is subsequently achieved, thus providing a basis for the development of magnetic image sensors. The present study facilitates the development of highly integrated on‐chip MEMS resonator transducers with high performance and high thermal stability.
Precrystallized‐Heterojunction Strategy on Precursor Solution Enables High‐Performance Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zou Wenjun , Shan Leting , Cao Weichen , Chen Jun , Liu Xin , Yu Jiangsheng , Shen Liang , Yao Kai
Published: March 2023

For semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST‐PSCs), decreasing the thickness of perovskite film is one of the most feasible approaches to increase the average photopic transmittance (APT). However, ultrathin perovskite film always suffers poor crystalline quality with pinhole and uniformity. Here, a precrystallized‐heterojunction strategy (PHS) is developed to fabricate high‐quality heterostructured perovskite films based on the mixture solution of 2D (3‐TMA)2PbCl4 (3‐TMA = 3‐thiophenemethylammonium) and 3D formamidinium‐cesium‐alloyed crystals. In the PHS, the 3D crystals with precise stoichiometry control ensure reproducibility, while the 2D crystals act as nuclei for the templated growth of large‐grain 3D perovskite with reduced defects. As a result, this strategy with excellent thickness‐independent tunability enables the champion opaque devices and ST‐PSCs to achieve a power conversion efficiency of 22.7% and 14.1% (APT of 22.1%), respectively. This deep understanding of precursor materials opens new vistas to regulate nucleation/crystallization kinetics precisely for boosting the commercial feasibility of ST‐PSC applications.
Improving physician well‐being and reducing burnout using a peer‐to‐peer recognition program
Authors: Chang Jenny , Saggar Vinay , Cortijo‐Brown Alexis , Friedman Benjamin W. , Jones Michael , Li‐Sauerwine Simiao , Rebillot Katie , Corbo Jill
Published: March 2023

Background

Drivers of physician burnout include an intricate interplay between health care organizational structures, societal influences, and individual‐level factors. In the traditional workforce, peer‐to‐peer recognition programs (PRPs) have reduced burnout by building a sense of community and effectively creating a “wellness culture.” We implemented a PRP in an emergency medicine (EM) residency and determined its impact on subjective symptoms of burnout and wellness.

Methods

This was a prospective, pre‐ and postintervention study conducted in a single residency over a 6‐month period. All 84 EM residents of the program were sent a voluntary anonymized survey that included a validated instrument on wellness and burnout. A PRP was initiated. After 6 months, a second survey was distributed. The outcome of the study was to examine whether the addition of a PRP reduced burnout and improved wellness.

Results

There were 84 respondents to the pre‐PRP survey and 72 to the post‐PRP survey. Respondents reported an improvement after the inception of the use of the PRP in two factors that contribute to a physician's wellness: feeling recognized for accomplishments at work, which improved from 45% (38/84) affirmative to 63% (45/72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3%–32.4%, p = 0.025) and a comfortable and supportive work environment, which improved from 68% (57/84) to 85% (61/72; 95% CI 3.5%–29.3%, p = 0.014). There was no significant effect in the Stanford Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI) as a result of this intervention over the 6 months.

Conclusions

A PRP initiative resulted in improvements in several factors that drive physician wellness but overall burnout measured by the Stanford PFI did not show any improvement over the 6‐month period. A future longitudinal study examining the continuous assessment of PRP on the EM residents throughout the entire course of 4 years of residency training would be beneficial to determine if it could change burnout from year to year.
Oxytocin increases during fur‐rubbing regardless of level of social contact in tufted capuchin monkeys
Authors: Sosnowski Meghan J. , Reilly Olivia T. , Brosnan Sarah F. , Benítez Marcela E.
Published: March 2023

Social interactions induce oxytocin release in many social species, suggesting that oxytocin is a critical part of social bonding among individuals. However, oxytocin also increases as a result of physical contact and stimulation, making it unclear which features of affiliative behaviors (for instance, social interaction or physical contact with a conspecific) drive the oxytocin increase observed after engaging in these behaviors. We attempted to tease this apart by studying the differential effect of social interaction, visual coordination with a conspecific, and physical stimulation during the fur‐rubbing behavior of tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus [Cebus] apella), which often involves social contact with groupmates but is in some cases performed alone. We induced fur‐rubbing by providing onions under three conditions: when capuchins had physical access to their social group and fur‐rubbed in contact with groupmates (social condition), when capuchins were separated from their social group but could still see them fur‐rub (visual coordination), and when capuchins were physically and visually separated from their groupmates (physical stimulation only). We assessed urinary oxytocin in these three conditions and compared them to a control condition in which apples were provided and no fur‐rubbing was observed. Capuchins fur‐rubbed for less time when they could not see their groupmates, but fur‐rubbing increased urinary oxytocin above the control condition in all three fur‐rubbing conditions equally, suggesting that the physical stimulation derived from fur‐rubbing was the most important driver of oxytocin increase. These results support a model in which physical stimulation is an important factor in the relationship between oxytocin and at least some behaviors, suggesting that oxytocin increase alone is not necessarily indicative of a social influence on behavior. Future work is needed to determine the contexts in which social factors do impact oxytocin, and whether the downstream behaviors are the same for socially and nonsocially induced oxytocin release.
The Effect Of Ca Doping On The CO2 Hydrogenation Performance Of CaxZn10‐xFe20 Catalysts (x=0, 0.5, 1 and1.5)
Authors: Cai Zhenyu , Zhang Fenglei , Cao Xinjie , Huang Yifei , Wang Danlei , Zhang Lei , Huang Kai
Published: March 2023

In this paper, CaxZn10‐xFe20 catalysts were prepared by the co‐precipitation method and applied to CO2 hydrogenation. The experimental results show that the CO2 conversion of the catalyst Ca1Zn9Fe20 at a Ca doping amount of 1 mmol can reach 57.91 %, which is 13.5 % more than the CO2 conversion of the catalyst Zn10Fe20. Moreover, the catalyst Ca1Zn9Fe20 has the lowest selectivity for both CO and CH4, with 7.40 % and 6.99 %, respectively. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption‐desorption, CO2‐TPD, H2‐TPR, and XPS. The results demonstrate that the doping of Ca increases the basic sites on the catalyst surface and thus allows the catalyst to adsorb more CO2 to promote the reaction. Besides, the Ca doping amount of 1 mmol can suppress the formation of graphitic carbon on the catalyst surface and prevent the excess graphitic carbon from covering the active site Fe5C2.
Velocity‐free adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode finite‐time attitude tracking control for spacecraft
Authors: Yin Zheng , Yan Wang , Bintao Zhao , He Zhang
Published: March 2023

Aiming at the attitude tracking control problem of rigid spacecraft under the condition of unmeasurable angular velocity information, a velocity‐free adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode finite‐time tracking control method is proposed. The finite‐time extended‐state observer is used to estimate the attitude tracking speed errors and the integrated disturbances. Combined with the above control method, a fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller with attitude measurement is designed and the adaptive technology is introduced to compensate for the influence of observation errors on the controller. The finite‐time convergence of the observer and the control method was demonstrated based on Lyapunov theory, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations.
Delivery of siRNA using hyaluronic acid‐guided nanoparticles for downregulation of CXCR4
Authors: Çağdaş Tunalı Beste , Çelik Eda , Budak Yıldıran Fatma Azize , Türk Mustafa
Published: March 2023

In this study, effective transport of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) via hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor was carried out with biodegradable HA and low‐molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐based transport systems. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) capable of giving photothermal response, and their conjugates with PEI and HA, were also added to the structure. Thus, a combination of gene silencing, photothermal therapy and chemotherapy, has been accomplished. The synthesized transport systems ranged in size, between 25 and 690 nm. When the particles were applied at a concentration of 100 μg mL−1 (except AuPEI NPs) in vitro, cell viability was above 50%. Applying radiation after the conjugate/siRNA complex (especially those containing AuNP) treatment, increased the cytotoxic effect (decrease in cell viability of 37%, 54%, 13%, and 15% for AuNP, AuPEI NP, AuPEI‐HA, and AuPEI‐HA‐DOX, respectively) on the MDA‐MB‐231 cell line. CXCR4 gene silencing via the synthesized complexes, especially AuPEI‐HA‐DOX/siRNA was more efficient in MDA‐MB‐231 cells (25‐fold decrease in gene expression) than in CAPAN‐1 cells. All these results demonstrated that the synthesized PEI‐HA and AuPEI‐HA‐DOX conjugates can be used as siRNA carriers that are particularly effective, especially in the treatment of breast cancer.
Nucleic acid delivery by ionizable nanocarriers for brain disease treatment
Authors: Xiong Ruru , Ling Guixia , Zhang Yuqi , Guan Jibin , Zhang Peng
Published: March 2023

The successful application of messenger RNA vaccines in the market has demonstrated the potential of gene therapy in treating various diseases, including infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, brain diseases, and other cancers. However, gene therapy faces great challenges in treating brain diseases such as brain tumors, infections, and strokes because the limitations of the blood‐brain barrier make it difficult for nucleic acid drugs to be delivered safely and effectively into the brain. Therefore, there is a high demand for carriers delivering nucleic acid drugs to the brain. Ionizable nanocarriers (INs) have great advantages in gene therapy due to their pH‐responsive properties, which facilitate the safe and efficient delivery of targets, responsive release in the disease microenvironment, and the protection of nucleic acids from degradation. To better understand INs and their potential as therapeutic vectors for brain diseases, the present review describes their biological properties, recent progress in the field, and promising applications. In particular, the related prospects and challenges are discussed to promote the further development of INs.
Characteristics and prognosis of rrDLBCL with TP53 mutations and a high‐risk subgroup represented by the co‐mutations of DDX3X‐TP53
Authors: Gao Fan , Hu Kai , Zheng Peihao , Shi Hui , Ke Xiaoyan
Published: March 2023

Background

TP53 mutations have a prognostic significance in relapsed and refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (rrDLBCL) patients, and their treatment still faces a great challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the prognosis of patients with TP53 mutations (TP53mut) in the context of CAR‐T therapy (Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy) as well as explore the heterogeneity in their cohort and identify the possible risk factors.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics of rrDLBCL patients with TP53 mutations and their prognostic factors, receiving CAR‐T therapy. And the expression level of TP53 and DDX3X, which was an important co‐mutation of TP53 revealed in the cohort, were explored in public databases and cell lines.

Results

The median overall survival time of 40 patients with TP53 mutations was 24.5 months, while their median progression‐free survival time after CAR‐T was 6.8 months. There were no significant differences in the ORR (objective remission rate, X2 = 3.0498, p > 0.05) and PFS (after CAR‐T therapy) between the patients with wild‐type and mutated TP53 genes after CAR‐T therapy, while the OS of patients with TP53 mutations was significantly worse (p < 0.01). In patients with TP53 mutations, the performance status (ECOG score) was identified as the most important prognostic factor, while the efficacies of induction and salvage treatments were also correlated with the prognosis. Among molecular indicators, the co‐mutations of Chr‐17 and those located on the exon 5 of the TP53 gene showed a tendency for a worse prognosis. Moreover, the patients with TP53‐DDX3X co‐mutations were identified as a subgroup with an extremely bad prognosis. The expression levels of DDX3X and TP53 were explored in a public database and the cell lines with their co‐mutations, which indicated that inhibiting the DDX3X gene could affect the proliferation of rrDLBCL cells and the expression of TP53.

Conclusions

This study indicated rrDLBCL patients with TP53 mutations was still the group of poor prognosis in the CAR‐T therapy era. CAR‐T therapy can benefit some TP53mut patients, and the performance status (ECOG) might help predict their prognosis. The study also revealed a subgroup of TP53‐DDX3X co‐mutations in rrDLBCL, which showed a strong clinical significance.
Development and external validation of nomograms for predicting individual survival in patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xiaoshi , Lu Huaiwu , Zhou Ying , Long Xiaoran , Li Qing , Zhuang Guanglei , Yin Xia , Di Wen
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a distinct and highly malignant subtype of ovarian cancer with high individual heterogeneity in survival that requires specific prognostic predictive tools. Thus, this study aimed to construct and validate nomograms for predicting individual survival in OCCC patients.

Methods

In total, 91 patients with OCCC who were diagnosed and treated at Renji Hospital between 2010 and 2020 were extracted as the training cohort, then 86 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC were used as the external validation cohort. Prognostic factors that affect survival were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Nomograms of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were then established with the Cox regression model and the performance was subsequently evaluated using the concordance index (C‐index), calibration plots, decision curve analysis (DCA), and risk subgroup classification.

Results

Advanced tumor, ascites of >400 mL, lymph node‐positive, CA199 of >142.3 IU/mL, and fibrinogen of >5.36 g/L were identified as risk factors for OS while advanced tumor, ascites of >400 mL, lymph node‐positive, and fibrinogen of >5.36 g/L were risk factors for PFS. The C‐indexes for the OS and PFS nomograms were 0.899 and 0.731 in the training cohort and 0.804 and 0.787 in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration plots showed that nomograms could provide better consistency in predicting patient survival than the FIGO staging system. DCA also demonstrated that nomograms were more clinically beneficial than the FIGO staging system. Additionally, patients could be classified into two risk groups based on scores using nomograms, with significant survival differences.

Conclusions

We developed nomograms that could more objectively and reliably predict the individual survival of patients with OCCC compared with the FIGO staging system. These tools might assist in clinical decision‐making and management of patients with OCCC to improve their survival outcomes.
Quality attributes of sugar snap cookies containing mixtures of wheat flour and roasted or unroasted Brosimum alicastrum seed powder
Authors: Carter Chad T. , Northcutt Julie K.
Published: March 2023

Background and Objectives

Incorporating non‐wheat flour into baked goods allows utilization of locally sourced indigenous food; however, non‐wheat flour may change the final product. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of composite flour containing wheat with partial blends of Brosimum alicastrum seed powder on the quality of sugar snap cookies.

Findings

Increasing the level of B. alicastrum seed powder in cookies from 0% (controls) to 25% or 50% caused cookie pH, width, spread factor, hardness, and toughness to decrease. Moisture (6.44−6.74 g/100 g) was higher for the 50% replacement cookies compared to controls (≤5.94 g/100 g). Dough weight, cookie weight, and brittleness were similar for 25% and 50% replacements. Hardness (force to fracture) was greatest for control cookies (4.84−5.13 kg) compared to other combinations, except for 25% roasted or unroasted Nicaraguan seed powder cookies (4.53−4.54 kg).

Conclusion

Supplementing wheat flour with B. alicastrum seed powders produced quality cookies that were slightly smaller in width with a softer texture (lower hardness and toughness) than control cookies.

Significance and Novelty

B. alicastrum seed powder is a suitable partial replacement for wheat flour in sugar snap cookies. However, at the 50% replacement level, cookies do not exhibit the traditional “snap.”
Criteria adherence and citation impact of urologic Cochrane review co‐publications
Authors: Vasdev Ranveer , Shakur Zahrah , Dahm Philipp
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Cochrane systematic reviews are widely recognized as authoritative sources of evidence. To improve dissemination and impact, editorial groups often encourage co‐publication of their reviews in other journals. Our study aimed to analyze urology‐relevant co‐publications and determine their adherence to Cochrane's four co‐publication criteria and impact using citation analysis

Methods

We systematically identified all Cochrane reviews published by the Urology, Incontinence, Renal, and Transplantation Groups from 1998 to 2021 as well as subsequent co‐publications using MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. We also determined adherence to Cochrane's four co‐publication criteria and analyzed citation rates.

Results

Of the 202 Cochrane reviews included, 52 (25.7%) had an associated co‐publication. The majority of the co‐publications corresponded to the Urology Group (39; 76.9%), followed by the Incontinence (9; 17.3%) and Kidney and Transplant Group (3; 5.8%). Only 21 (40.0%) co‐publications met all four co‐publication criteria, with the most common criteria not satisfied was inclusion of the word “Cochrane” in the co‐publication title (50% adherence). The proportion adhering to a subset of criteria significantly increased for reviews published between 2013 and 2021 compared to those from 1998 to 2012. Compared to corresponding Cochrane reviews, there was no significant difference in the number of citations of co‐publications across all sampled databases, although co‐publication citations were usually less than those of original reviews.

Conclusion

Approximately one in four urology‐related Cochrane reviews are co‐published. Though co‐publications garnered a considerable number of citations that could help in the dissemination of Cochrane reviews, many are not readily identifiable as such.