bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cognitive Approach to L2 Reading Comprehension and the Limits of Description
Authors: Gómez Juan David
Published: October 2016

This article sets out to assess the impact of the descriptive trend in the field of cognitive and metacognitive strategies and L2 reading comprehension. It does so with the intention of determining what the descriptive trend has contributed and what aspects of the field remain underserved. This assessment is carried out by tracing the roots of cognitive approaches in this field, identifying the components of descriptive research, and looking at representative samples and their contributions. The results of this analysis show that the kind of descriptive research that is most prevalent in the field has perhaps reached a saturation point, that it now offers only limited utility to teachers of reading comprehension, and that some excesses in the field may in fact be detrimental to the population that it looks to serve. The possible impact of these findings and suggestions for alternative avenues of future research that can complement the advances that have been made are discussed.
Can Offline Stores Drive Online Sales?
Authors: Wang Kitty , Goldfarb Avi
Published: October 2016

The authors use evidence from store openings by a bricks-and-clicks retailer to examine the drivers of substitution and complementarity between online and offline retail channels. The evidence supports the coexistence of substitution across channels and complementarity in demand. In places where the retailer has a strong presence, the opening of an offline store is associated with a decrease in online sales and search; however, in places where the retailer does not have a strong presence, the opening of an offline store is associated with an increase in online sales and search. The evidence suggests that whereas online and offline channels may be substitutes in distribution, they are complements in marketing communications. Specifically, the type of marketing communication driving complementarity seems to be information about the existence of the brand. For example, the authors observe a large increase in new customer acquisition and sales, and little difference between fit and feel products and other products. Thus, it is the presence of the store, rather than information about the attributes of the products in the store, that drives complementarity.
Best in Class or Simply the Best? The Impact of Absolute versus Relative Ecolabeling Approaches
Authors: Hille Stefanie Lena , Geiger Christian , Loock Moritz , Peloza John
Published: October 2016

Although research has widely investigated labels across a range of product domains, one understudied area is the use of absolute versus relative rating approaches to information provision. For example, under an absolute rating approach to vehicle ecolabels, the consumer is informed of the actual amount of fuel consumed during use of a vehicle compared with that of all other vehicles on the market. Under a relative rating approach, the fuel consumption is communicated in relative terms, comparing the vehicle only with others in the same class. The current research illustrates that switching from an absolute to a relative rating approach can lead to a reversal effect in the perception of a car's environmental friendliness. For example, a sport-utility vehicle can be perceived as either environmentally friendly or not, depending on the type of rating approach used. The authors demonstrate that visual representation drives this effect, using a colored alphabetical rating scale to communicate environmental performance.
Inflation and the steeplechase between economic activity variables: evidence for G7 countries
Authors: Baxa Jaromír , Plašil Miroslav , Vašíček Bořek
Published: October 2016

A sharp increase in unemployment accompanied by a relatively muted response of inflation during the Great Recession and a consecutive inflationless recovery cast further doubts on the very existence of the Phillips curve as a systemic relation between real activity and inflation. With the aid of dynamic model averaging, this paper aims to highlight that this relation resurfaces if (i) inflationary pressures are captured by a richer set of real activity measures, and (ii) one accounts for the existence of a non-linear response of inflation to the driving variable. Based on data for the US and other G7 countries, our results show that the relation between economic activity and inflation is quite sturdy when one allows for more complex assessment of the former. We find that measures of economic activity describe inflation developments to a varying degree across time and space. This can blur the picture of inflation–real economy comovements in models where only a single variable of economic activity is considered. The output gap is often outperformed by unemployment-related variables. Our results also confirm a weakening of the inflation–activity relationship (i.e. a flattening of the Phillips curve) in the last decade that is robust both across activity measures and across countries.
A New Generalization of the P
1 Non-Conforming FEM to Higher Polynomial Degrees
Authors: Schedensack Mira
Published: October 2016

This paper generalizes the non-conforming FEM of Crouzeix and Raviart
and its fundamental projection property
by a novel mixed formulation for the
Poisson problem based on the Helmholtz decomposition.
The new formulation allows for ansatz spaces of arbitrary polynomial degree and
its discretization coincides with the mentioned non-conforming FEM for the
lowest polynomial degree.
The discretization directly approximates the gradient of the solution
instead of the solution itself.
Besides the a priori and medius analysis, this paper proves optimal
convergence rates for an adaptive algorithm for the new discretization.
These are also demonstrated in numerical experiments.
Furthermore, this paper focuses on extensions of this new scheme to
quadrilateral meshes, mixed FEMs, and three space dimensions.
Preparation of a poly(DMAEMA-co-HEMA) self-supporting microfiltration membrane with high anionic permselectivity by electrospinning
Authors: Ni Henmei , Yang Yadong , Chen Yixuan , Liu Junxiu , Zhang Lijuan , Wu Min
Published: October 2016

A cross-linked microfibrous anion exchange membrane with high ion permselectivity and robust mechanical properties was fabricated by electrospinning. Copolymer, poly N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), was selected as the electrospun material. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 1HNMR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the copolymer and microfibrous mat. The electrospinning optimal parameters were determined by orthogonal experiments. Formaldehyde vapor was applied to crosslink the mat. It was observed that the water sorption decreased from 75.7% to 30.4% as the crosslinking time increased from 20 h to 32 h. The robust mat with the high tensile strength of 4.62 MPa and 50% elongation at break was obtained at 24 h. The ion permeability of NO3
−, Cl−, SO4
2− were 94, 91 and 87%.
The Riemann boundary value problem in the class of Cauchy type integrals with densities of grand variable exponent Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Kokilashvili Vakhtang , Meskhi Alexander , Paatashvili Vakhtang
Published: October 2016

The present paper deals with the Riemann boundary value problem for analytic functions in the framework of the new function spaces introduced by the first two authors, the so-called grand variable exponent Lebesgue spaces which unify two non-standard type function spaces: variable exponent Lebesgue spaces and grand Lebesgue spaces.
Obstacles to emancipation of Roma women
Authors: Kajanová Alena , Mrhálek Tomáš , Lidová Lenka
Published: October 2016

The article describes the obstacles to the emancipation of Roma women in the family and Czech society. The theoretical side deals with the recent changes in gender roles in the Roma family, changes in the position of Roma women and their discrimination as well as the concept of emancipation. The article aims to describe the obstacles a Roma woman must overcome in the course of emancipation. The data are based on qualitative socio-ethnographic research conducted through narrative interviews with 30 women of different ages and classes who identify as Roma and live in three Czech regional capitals. The research sample was compiled using the snowball method. The data collected in the field research were analyzed in Atlas.ti using anchored theory. We identified five main obstacles to the emancipation of Roma woman. They include obstacles emanating from the family and the majority society as well as obstacles caused by the hegemony of masculinity and those emanating from the woman. By gaining an understanding of relations in Roma families, the situation regarding the emancipation of Roma women and the associated barriers may help those who come into daily contact with the Roma minority to take appropriate actions and apply the right interventions.
Nachwirkungen des Nationalsozialismus. Mechanismen der Schuldübertragung auf die Kinder der Täter und ihre erinnerungskulturellen Funktionen in Martin Walsers Drama Der Schwarze Schwan
Authors: Welsh Caroline
Published: October 2016

The paper analyses the link between the National Socialist Euthanasia-Programme, the Holocaust and the effect of these mass murders on the children of perpetrators as depicted in Martin Walser’s Der schwarze Schwan. First performed during the Frankfurter Auschwitz-Process, the drama prefigures later psychoanalytical theories on the transmission of guilt to the second generation. A close reading of the drama reveals the importance of childhood memories and contrasts them with Walser’s statements on the effect of the holocaust on his childhood memories.
Die deutsche Geschichtswissenschaft und die Moderne
Authors: Dipper Christof
Published: October 2016

For decades German historiography was rather reluctant to develop its own concept of modernity. It started to do so only once people began to feel ›post-modern‹, i.e., once people felt that modernity had come to an end. This article presents six versions of an historical theory of modernity, the last theory being the only one sufficiently complete and complex to meet the task.
Normative Modernebegriffe in Literatur und Literaturwissenschaft
Authors: Lohmeier Anke-Marie
Published: October 2016

The article comments on the call to keep the concept of modernity - as it relates to literary studies - free from its normative implications. With recourse to elementary hermeneutic insights, the author shows that this is neither possible nor advisable.
Postmoderne. Bezeichnung eines Transformationsprozesses innerhalb der ästhetischen Moderne
Authors: von Petersdorff Dirk
Published: October 2016

Although semantically misleading, the persistent term »postmodernity« might function as a label that deserves further scrutiny. Within the arts the assumption of a simple convergence of historical process and aesthetic structure has been questioned during the last thirty years. This leads to a pluralism of aesthetic programs that can no longer be labeled as either historically legitimate or illegitimate.
Die Aufnahme von Ilse Aichingers Die größere Hoffnung im niederländischen Sprachraum
Authors: Andringa Els
Published: October 2016

This article sketches the reception of Die größere Hoffnung in the Dutch language area from the first reviews in the early fifties up to the present day. The focus is on Frank Schuitemaker’s translation which appeared in 1981 together with an introduction to Aichinger’s life and work. A few examples show that the translator based his choices on a careful interpretation and thorough knowledge of Aichinger’s work. Nevertheless the reception remained modest, despite evidence of increased interest after the second edition appeared in 1987, the year in which Aichinger received the Europalia price.
Theorien der Anerkennung – Literaturwissenschaftliche Appropriationen
Authors: Albrecht Andrea
Published: October 2016

A systematic overview of the concurrent usages of the theory of recognition in literary studies is given, including the relations to the philosophical and sociological theories of recognition. It is complemented by a selected bibliography.
Das Recht zu Atmen
Authors: Holm Isak Winkel
Published: October 2016

In Dostoevsky, the question of justice is not only posed as a legal or moral question but also, on a more fundamental level, as a question of a human being’s right to live, its raison d’être. This article will interpret the central notion of justice in Dostoevsky in the conceptual framework of the theory of recognition as it is put forward in Hegel’s early Jenaer Realphilosophie.
(K)eine neue Mediengeschichte der Reformation. Zu Marcus Sandls Studie Medialität und Ereignis. Eine Zeitgeschichte der Reformation
Authors: Tschopp Silvia Serena
Published: October 2016

Focusing on a recently published book on the role of temporality and media in the process of early modern reformation this essay discusses the role of theories and histories of media and communication in research on the early modern era.
Der Chronist und der Balkankrieg
Authors: Kamzelak Roland S.
Published: October 2016

Harry Count Kessler was the chronicler of his time, politically versatile, ambassador of the German Reich in Warsaw and advisor to Secretary of State Walther Rathenau. But, as with many intellectuals like him, he underestimated the consequences of the Balkan Wars. In 1913 he was occupied with travel, art and his bibliophilic publishing house, the Cranach-Presse.
Vom Umgang mit Dissens und Kontroversen
Authors: Boden Petra
Published: October 2016

This article presents the first results of the author’s research on the history of the scholarly group
Auf glattem Parkett
Authors: Nieberle Sigrid
Published: October 2016

Ballroom dancing may be understood as a well-known allegory for social and historical life in the nineteenth century. Even film adaptations of specific novels which contain no ballroom dancing at all show us spectacular and splendid sequences. Discussing the example of Heinrich Breloers film adaptation
PI Passivity-Based Control for Maximum Power Extraction of a Wind Energy System with Guaranteed Stability Properties
Authors: Cisneros Rafael , Gao Rui , Ortega Romeo , Husain Iqbal
Published: October 2016

The present paper proposes a maximum power extraction control for a wind system consisting of a turbine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator, a rectifier, a load and one constant voltage source, which is used to form the DC bus. We propose a linear PI controller, based on passivity, whose stability is guaranteed under practically reasonable assumptions. PI structures are widely accepted in practice as they are easier to tune and simpler than other existing model-based methods. Real switching based simulations have been performed to assess the performance of the proposed controller.
Prevalence of medically treated children with ADHD and type 1 diabetes in Germany – Analysis of two representative databases
Authors: Kapellen Thomas M. , Reimann Rebecca , Kiess Wieland , Kostev Karel
Published: October 2016

Background:

The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Germany.

Methods:

Two different representative German databases – IMS®-Disease Analyzer, a database that includes diagnoses as well as other information, and IMS®-LRx, a database that documents prescriptions – were used to conduct a retrospective analysis. We searched the LRx database for patients who received both insulin and ADHD-specific medication.

Results:

In 2014, 677,587 children and adolescents aged 0–18 years were treated by a pediatrician and documented in the Disease Analyzer database. Of these patients, 16,833 received the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) diagnosis of ADHD (2.5%) and 3668 patients were treated for T1DM (0.1%). Of these 3668 patients, a total of 153 children were also diagnosed with ADHD (4.2%; p<0.05). In the LRx database, the overall prevalence of children in Germany who received both drugs for the treatment of ADHD and insulin in 2014 amounted to 2.9%. Diagnosis of ADHD is 2.4–3.3 times more frequent in boys than in girls. The highest prevalence was seen in the age group of 12–15 years (3.5%) and the lowest in the age group of 6–11 years (2.5%).

Conclusions:

Children with diabetes suffer from ADHD significantly more frequently than children without diabetes. The prevalence of medically treated children with ADHD and diabetes is similar to that documented in a recent report by the Barmer GEK health insurance body. However, it is possible that children with T1DM are much more frequently seen by medical care providers and are thus more likely to be evaluated and receive an appropriate diagnosis.
Thulium-doped fibre broadband source for spectral region near 2 micrometers
Authors: Písařík M. , Peterka P. , Aubrecht J. , Cajzl J. , Benda A. , Mareš D. , Todorov F. , Podrazký O. , Honzátko P. , Kašík I.
Published: October 2016

We demonstrated two methods of increasing the bandwidth of a broadband light source based on amplified spontaneous emission in thulium-doped fibres. Firstly, we have shown by means of a comprehensive numerical model that the full-width at half maximum of the thulium-doped fibre based broadband source can be more than doubled by using specially tailored spectral filter placed in front of the mirror in a double-pass configuration of the amplified spontaneous emission source. The broadening can be achieved with only a small expense of the output power. Secondly, we report results of the experimental thulium-doped fibre broadband source, including fibre characteristics and performance of the thulium-doped fibre in a ring laser setup. The spectrum broadening was achieved by balancing the backward amplified spontaneous emission with back-reflected forward emission.
Hydrolysis of chitin and chitosan in low temperature electron-beam plasma
Authors: Vasilieva Tatiana , Lopatin Sergey , Varlamov Valery , Miasnikov Vladimir , Hein Aung Myat , Vasiliev Michael
Published: October 2016

Hydrolysis of natural chitin and chitosans was performed in the electron beam plasma (EBP) of oxygen, by means of specially designed electron beam plasmachemical reactor (EBPR). Low molecular water-soluble chitin oligosaccharides with weight-average molecular mass 800–2000 Da and polydispersion index 1.5–2.5 were produced due to action of active oxygen species formed in the EBP. By optimizing the treatment conditions the 95% yield of chitin oligosaccharides was obtained after 2 min whereas the conventional chemical hydrolysis usually takes several days. The studies of the antimicrobial activity of low molecular products formed due to EBP-stimulated degradation showed that they inhibit the multiplication of various mycelial and yeast-like fungi. The technique involved is likely to be promising for the production of bioactive low molecular chitin oligosaccharides and the EBP-stimulated hydrolysis appears to be competitive with technologies conventionally used in the industry.
Adsorption of Zn2+ from solutions on manganese oxide obtained via ozone precipitation reaction
Authors: Contreras-Bustos Roberto , Espejel-Ayala Fabricio , Cercado-Quezada Bibiana , Jiménez-Becerril Jaime , Jiménez-Reyes Melania
Published: October 2016

Synthesis via ozone precipitation reaction was used to obtain manganese dioxide (OMD) and it was probed as an adsorbent for zinc ions. Adsorption was followed along shaking time and increasing ratio [NO
3
−] / [Zn2+], and isotherms were obtained at different pH values and in the presence of several anions (chloride, nitrate, sulphate, and acetate). It was found that adsorption equilibrium is fast and follows the pseudo-second order model (qe = 34 ±1 mg/g and K = 0.07 ±0.01 g/mg h). Isotherms were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Langmuir-Freundlich models, and the best fitting was found with the last one. The process is dependent on pH and the efficiency increases from pH 1 to 4. The ratio [NO
3
−] / [Zn2+] up to 3 does not seem to change the behaviour of the process. Regarding the anions, the efficiency of Zn(II) adsorption occurs according to: acetate > nitrate and sulphate > chloride. Manganese oxide obtained via ozonization is an excellent adsorbent for zinc ions.
Halloysite reinforced epoxy composites with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Saif Muhammad Jawwad , Asif Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad , Zia Khalid Mahmood , Zaman Waheed -uz- , Khosa Muhammad Kaleem , Jamal Muhammad Asghar
Published: October 2016

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) reinforced epoxy composites with improved mechanical properties were prepared. The prepared HNTs reinforced epoxy composites demonstrated improved mechanical properties especially the fracture toughness and flexural strength. The flexural modulus of nanocomposite with 6% mHNTs loading was 11.8% higher than that of neat epoxy resin. In addition, the nanocomposites showed improved dimensional stability. The prepared halloysite reinforced epoxy composites were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The improved properties are attributed to the unique characteristics of HNTs, uniform dispersion of reinforcement and interfacial coupling.
Preparation, characterization and application of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles modified with natural polymers for removal of 60Co-radionuclides from aqueous solution
Authors: Sharaf El-Deen Gehan E. , Imam Neama G. , Ayoub Refaat R.
Published: October 2016

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-MNPs) coated with natural polymers, starch (IO-S MNPs) and dextrin (IO-D MNPs), were synthesized by modified co-precipitation method. IO and hybrid-IO-MNPs were characterized by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and zeta potential (ZP). IO-S MNPs and IO-D MNPs have IO core-shell structure with core of 10.8 nm and 13.8 nm and shell of 7.5 nm and 5.9 nm, respectively. The efficiency of the hybrid IO-MNPs for sorption of 60Co(II)-radionuclides from aqueous solution was investigated under varying experimental conditions. Kinetic data were described well by pseudo-second-order mode, sorption isotherms were fitted quite with Freundlich model with maximum adsorption capacity 36.89 (mmol·g−1)/(L·mmol−1)n for IO-S MNPs and 24.9 (mmol·g−1)/(L·mmol−1)n for IO-D MNPs. Sorption of 60Co-radionuclides by IO-S MNPs was suppressed with salinity and most of the adsorbed 60Co onto IO-S MNPs could be remove with 0.1 M HCl solution. IO-S MNPs exhibits superparamagnetic properties, easier separation according to higher saturation magnetization (47 emu/g) and better adsorption for 60Co-radionuclides than IO-D MNPs.
Synthesis, microstructure, and mechanical properties ofin situTiB2/Al-4.5Cu composites
Authors: Li Hongying , Zhao Shouxin , Ou Yangxun , Lai Yongqiu
Published: October 2016

In situTiB2/Al-4.5Cu composites with different TiB2particle amounts were fabricated by the salt-metal reaction technique. The effects ofin situTiB2on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-4.5Cu alloy were studied in this paper. The results showed thatin situTiB2particles had significant effect on refining grain size and improving mechanical properties of as-cast Al-4.5Cu alloy. With the amounts of TiB2particles increasing, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were improved, while the elongation reduced. The strengthening mechanisms of thein situparticle-reinforcing Al matrix composites were discussed, and the yield strength was predicted accurately by accounting for the three strengthening mechanisms and particle distribution.
Abrasive wear behavior of silane treated nanoalumina filled dental composite under food slurry and distilled water condition
Authors: Kumar Shiv Ranjan , Patnaik Amar , Bhat I.K.
Published: October 2016

The aims of the present study were to develop a dental composite filled with silanized nanoalumina and then to investigate the effect of nanoalumina filler on the two-body and three-body wear behavior under distilled water and food slurry medium, respectively. The dental composites were fabricated by adding silane treated nanoalumina filler particle in the weight percentage of (0–3 wt.%) to the matrix of BisGMA, TEGDMA, CQ and EDMAB. Two-body and three-body wear tests were performed in dental wear simulator machine with varying parameters such as normal load, chewing speed and chamber temperature in such a way as to simulate mastication process. Taguchi’s orthogonal array (L16) design, steady state condition and ANOVA were applied to evaluate the optimum parameter for minimum wear and effect of each parameter on the wear performance of dental composites. The finding of the result indicated that mean volumetric wear rate of dental composite in distilled water (i.e. two-body abrasion) was 33.23% more than that of the same composite in food slurry condition (i.e. three-body abrasion).
„I apologize to Giorgio Chiellini and the entire football family.“ / Zur Rolle Sozialer Medien in der Krisenkommunikation - dargestellt an Beispielen im Kontext der Fußball-WM 2014 in Brasilien
Authors: Burk Verena , Grimmer Christoph G
Published: October 2016

Im Beitrag wird untersucht, ob und mit welchen Strategien Athleten sowie Sportorganisationen in Krisen des Sports Soziale Medien in ihrer Krisenkommunikation verwenden. Ausgehend von der Theorie der situationsbezogenen Krisenkommunikation (SCCT) nach Coombs (1995; 2010), der bei verschiedenen Krisentypen spezifische Kommunikationsstrategien empfiehlt, werden Facebook-Posts und Tweets/Retweets von Spielern und Verbänden bei zwei ausgewählten Krisen während der Fußball-WM 2014 (Ausscheiden Spaniens in der Vorrunde; ‚Suárez-Biss‘) qualitativ analysiert. Den Ergebnissen zufolge werden die Möglichkeiten Sozialer Medien nicht bzw. nur unzureichend genutzt. In beiden Fällen findet keine zeitnahe Krisenkommunikation statt. Bei der Spanien-Krise schätzen die Beteiligten die Krisenschuldzuschreibung durch die Öffentlichkeit und den damit verbundenen Reputationsschaden höher ein als notwendig; im zweiten Fall wird ein individuelles Fehlverhalten trotz vorliegender Krisenhistorie dagegen unterschätzt.
The prevalence and genotypes of alpha-thalassemia in Adıyaman: two rare alpha variants
Authors: Genç Ahmet , Sevgiler Yusuf , Bayram Süleyman , Rencüzoğulları Eyyüp
Published: October 2016

Introduction

Alpha-thalassemia (α-thal) is one of the most common diseases in the world, and is more common in the Mediterranean countries, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genotypes of α-thal in high school students in Adıyaman province, Southeast Turkey.

Methods

In this study, a total of 289 people were screened for α-thal mutations by multiplex gap-PCR and ARMS.

Results

α-thal mutation frequency was determined to be 13.15%. Five different mutations were identified and the most common mutation was found to be −3.7 deletions with a frequency of 11.07%. We identified two heterozygous alpha hemoglobin variants. We described the second case of heterozygote Hb Fontainebleau of Turkish origin. Here, we also reported another heterozygote hemoglobin variant, Hb Q-Iran, previously reported in a few cases in another part of Turkey.

Discussion and conclusion

This study covers the frequency of α-thal disease, and the molecular analysis is the first study in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The prevalence of the α-thal trait is low in Adıyaman Province, compared to the other cities of Turkey.
How are Voters Influenced by Opinion Polls? The Effect of Polls on Voting Behavior and Party Sympathy
Authors: Dahlgaard Jens Olav , Hansen Jonas Hedegaard , Hansen Kasper M. , Larsen Martin V.
Published: October 2016

Similar to all other types of information, public opinion polls can influence public opinion. We present two hypotheses to understand how polls affect public opinion: the bandwagon and the underdog effect. The bandwagon effect claims that voters “jump on the bandwagon,” which means that if a party is gaining in the polls, the party will gain additional support from the voters, and vice versa if the party is losing in the polls. The underdog effect suggests that if a party is losing in the polls, the party will gain some sympathy votes to offset this loss. We use a survey experiment to test the two hypotheses. We find evidence of the bandwagon effect, and the effect is strongest in the positive direction. When voters learn that a party is gaining in the polls, voters will be more likely to vote for it. There is also some evidence for the negative bandwagon effect. We find no evidence for the underdog effect. The effects head in the same direction regardless of the size of the party. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings with regards to a potential ban on publishing opinion polls.
Divalent metal phosphonates – new aspects for syntheses, in situ characterization and structure solution
Authors: Wilke Manuel , Bach Sven , Gorelik Tatiana E. , Kolb Ute , Tremel Wolfgang , Emmerling Franziska
Published: October 2016

Divalent metal phosphonates are promising hybrid materials with a broad field of application. The rich coordination chemistry of the phosphonate linkers enables the formation of structures with different dimensionalities ranging from isolated complexes and layered structures to porous frameworks incorporating various functionalities through the choice of the building blocks. In brief, metal phosphonates offer an interesting opportunity for the design of multifunctional materials. Here, we provide a short review on the class of divalent metal phosphonates discussing their syntheses, structures, and applications. We present the advantages of the recently introduced mechanochemical pathway for the synthesis of divalent phosphonates as a possibility to generate new, in certain cases metastable compounds. The benefits of in situ investigation of synthesis mechanisms as well as the implementation of sophisticated methods for the structure analysis of the resulting compounds are discussed.
Reaction Operators for Radical Pairs. The Exactly Solvable Model
Authors: Purtov Petr A.
Published: October 2016

In the present work, the reaction operator for radical pairs of the main equation of spin chemistry has been modified on the basis of an exactly solvable model. The model contains both the reversible and irreversible transitions. For this model, expression for the reaction operator is more complex due to the expanded basis of spin states. The reaction operator of a phenomenological equation is a particular case of a more general approach and only in the limiting case of the completely irreversible recombination process, these operators coincide.
„Armenbestattungen“ im modernen Sozialstaat – Zeitliche Entwicklung, Ursachen und Probleme des Ordnungsbestattungswesens in deutschen Groß-und Mittelstädten
Authors: Schobin Janosch
Published: October 2016

Due to demographic change and pluralizing ways of life, many of Germany’;s deceased nowadays do not have next of kin who are willing to bury them. Usually, their burials are carried out by public order offices (POO). Based on an analysis of a random sample (N = 66) of data on POO-burials in German cities with more than 20.000 inhabitants, the first part of the article concludes that POO-burials have increased significantly during the period from 1994 to 2013. The statistical analysis also shows that men are almost two times more likely to be buried by a POO than women. The second part of the article analyses four typical situations that result in a POO-burial. It shows that the burial law’s implicit assumptions about the structure of the social fabric are way too undifferentiated nowadays. This mismatch produces a series of normative difficulties and extremely problematic practices.
Involvement of CRFR1in the Basolateral Amygdala in the Immediate Fear Extinction Deficit
Authors: Hollis Fiona , Sevelinges Yannick , Grosse Jocelyn , Zanoletti Olivia , Sandi Carmen
Published: October 2016

Several animal and clinical studies have highlighted the ineffectiveness of fear extinction sessions delivered shortly after trauma exposure. This phenomenon, termed the immediate extinction deficit, refers to situations in which extinction programs applied shortly after fear conditioning may result in the reduction of fear behaviors (in rodents, frequently measured as freezing responses to the conditioned cue) during extinction training, but failure to consolidate this reduction in the long term. The molecular mechanisms driving this immediate extinction resistance remain unclear. Here we present evidence for the involvement of the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in male Wistar rats. Intra-BLA microinfusion of the CRFR1antagonist NBI30775 enhances extinction recall, whereas administration of the CRF agonist CRF6–33before delayed extinction disrupts recall of extinction. We link the immediate fear extinction deficit with dephosphorylation of GluA1 glutamate receptors at Ser845and enhanced activity of the protein phosphatase calcineurin in the BLA. Their reversal after treatment with the CRFR1antagonist indicates their dependence on CRFR1actions. These findings can have important implications for the improvement of therapeutic approaches to trauma, as well as furthering our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying fear-related disorders.
A macroprolactinoma becoming resistant to cabergoline and developing atypical pathology
Authors: Sbardella Emilia , Farah George , Fathelrahman Ahmed , Cudlip Simon , Ansorge Olaf , Karavitaki Niki , Grossman Ashley B
Published: October 2016

Pituitary adenomas are a common intracranial neoplasm, usually demonstrating a benign phenotype. They can be classified according to pathological, radiological or clinical behaviour as typical, atypical or carcinomas, invasive or noninvasive, and aggressive or nonaggressive. Prolactinomas account for 40–60% of all pituitary adenomas, with dopamine agonists representing the first-line treatment and surgery/radiotherapy reserved for drug intolerance/resistance or in neuro-ophthalmological emergencies. We present the case of a 62-year-old man with an apparently indolent prolactin-secreting macroadenoma managed with partial resection and initially showing a biochemical response to cabergoline. Five years later, the tumour became resistant to cabergoline, despite a substantial increase in dosage, showing rapid growth and causing worsening of vision. The patient then underwent two further transsphenoidal operations and continued on high-dose cabergoline; despite these interventions, the tumour continued enlarging and prolactin increased to 107 269 U/L. Histology of the third surgical specimen demonstrated features of aggressive behaviour (atypical adenoma with a high cell proliferation index) not present in the tumour removed at the first operation. Subsequently, he was referred for radiotherapy aiming to control tumour growth.

Learning points:

The development of secondary resistance to dopamine agonists (DAs) is a serious sign as it may be associated with de-differentiation of the prolactinoma and thus of aggressive or malignant transformation.

Significant de-differentiation of the adenoma documented on consecutive histologies suggests a possible transition to malignancy.

A combination of histological ‘alarm’ features associated with persistent growth and escape from DAs treatment in recurrent adenomas should alert clinicians and demands close follow-up.

A multidisciplinary approach by pathologists, endocrinologists and neurosurgeons is essential.
Expanding the role of tachykinins in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction
Authors: Fergani Chrysanthi , Navarro Víctor M
Published: October 2016

Reproductive function is driven by the hormonal interplay between the gonads and brain–pituitary axis. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released in a pulsatile manner, which is critical for the attainment and maintenance of fertility; however, GnRH neurons lack the ability to directly respond to most regulatory factors, and a hierarchical upstream neuronal network governs its secretion. We and others proposed a model in which Kiss1 neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), called as KNDy neurons, release kisspeptin (a potent GnRH secretagogue) in a pulsatile manner to drive GnRH pulses under the coordinated autosynaptic action of its cotransmitters, the tachykinin neurokinin B (NKB, stimulatory) and dynorphin (inhibitory). Numerous genetic and pharmacological studies support this model; however, additional regulatory mechanisms (upstream of KNDy neurons) and alternative pathways of GnRH secretion (kisspeptin independent) exist, but remain ill defined. In this aspect, attention to other members of the tachykinin family, namely substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), has recently been rekindled. Even though there are still major gaps in our knowledge about the functional significance of these systems, substantial evidence, as discussed below, is placing tachykinin signaling as an important pathway for the awakening of the reproductive axis and the onset of puberty to physiological GnRH secretion and maintenance of fertility in adulthood.
Energy, water vapor and carbon fluxes in Andean agroecosystems: conceptualization and methodological standardization
Authors: Castano Marín Angela María , Riaño Herrera Nestor Miguel , Peña Quiñones Andrés Javier , Ramirez Builes Víctor Hugo , Valencia Salazar Arley , Figueroa Casas Apolinar , Góez Vinasco Gerardo Antonio
Published: October 2016

This paper presents the conceptualization, methodological adjustment and experimental application of the micrometeorological technique eddy covariance - EC, to measure energy, water vapor and CO2 fluxes in two coffee agroecosystems: the first under full sunlight, and the second under shade, both with equatorial Andean hillslope conditions. With a footprint and fetch calculation, the required distance from the edge of the field in the prevailing wind direction to the EC tower is three times higher under shade than full sun. The shaded agroecosystem reached maximum average carbon fixation rates of 21.26 ± 2.469 μmolCO2.m-2s-1 ( = 0.05) (61% higher than under 100% sunlight) which gives a high carbon sink capacity to the association of coffee plants with shading Pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan L). The average evapotranspiration rate was 2.33 ± 0.0102 mm.d-1 ( = 0.05) and 2.08 ± 0.00732 mm.d-1 under shade and 100% sunlight, respectively. The proportion of net radiation that reached the soil was 2% under shade and 4% under 100% sunlight. Likewise, the soil energy loss during the night was lower under shade, indicating less day-night temperature range in the latter agroecosystem. The methodological adjustment and the results of this first work using EC in Colombian coffee plantations, contribute to the development of reliable research regarding gas and energy exchanges between the atmosphere and ecosystems in conditions of the equatorial Andean hillslope.
Forest biodiversity in Andean brow and its relation to the carbon content in the above-ground biomass
Authors: Rodríguez Llerena Marco Vinicio , Armando Carrión Diego Damián , Santillán Lima Patricio Guido , Recalde Moreno Celso Guillermo , Cargua Catagña Franklin Enrique
Published: October 2016

This research was developed to determine the biodiversity indices and its relation to the carbon content (C) in the above-ground biomass, in the Andean brow forest located in the buffer zone of the Sangay National Park in Ecuador, where twelve permanent sampling plots were established. It was identified 19 species, 18 genuses, and 17 families with a total of 518 individuals from which Melastomataceae is one of the most representative families encompassing the Miconia genus with 159 individuals (30.70%), this information is relevant due this plant group can be utilized as an indicator of the conservation state of these forests in danger of disappearing. The highest concentration of C present in the above-ground biomass is recorded in the Guangra Bajo locality (182.24 ton.ha-1), these values are related to the high biodiversity of Shannon species (0.90) and Simpson (0.87), the lowest values of C in the above-ground biomass are presented in the Yunguilla sector (30.56 ton.ha-1) as well as the biodiversity indices: Shannon (0.89) and Simpson (0.71). Based on the foregoing, the Andean brow forest must be considered as a carbon sink in order to mitigate the effects on climate change, and thus the greatest benefit with regard to the capture of C as an ecosystem service will be obtained, allowing the conservation of these resources and the continuous provision of goods and environmental services to the area.
Estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) at different soil depths and soil use in the Sumapaz paramo, Cundinamarca - Colombia
Authors: Montes Carmen Rosa , Ramos Miras José Joaquin , San José Wery Ana María
Published: October 2016

The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), considered to be a key component of the carbon cycle, is still poorly understood in tropical highest mountain ecosystems such as the Andean paramo. The estimation of the SOC in the presence and absence of anthropic intervention, will help to define policies to mitigate CO2 emissions into the atmosphere from this ecosystem. The aim of this research was to determine soil organic carbon sequestration at three soil depths under two types of soil use in the paramo of Sumapaz, Colombia. The soil variations of pH, phosphorus, aluminum, bulk density, carbon sequestration, cation exchange capacity, texture and to estimate the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon SOC, were evaluated, respectively. Two sites were selected to establish the soil estimations according to soil use: natural vegetation cover and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop. Samples were taken from 0-25, 25-50 and > 50 cm soil depths. Consequently, eight physical-chemical variables were analyzed in terms of the SOC sequestration estimated for each soil depth and soil. The averages for SOC under natural vegetation cover were: 188 tC.ha-1 to 25 cm, 183 tC.ha-1 to 50 cm, and 178 tC.ha-1 at soil depths below 50cm. For potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops, SOC sequestration were: 119 tC.ha-1 to 25 cm, 83 tC.ha-1 to 50 cm, and 71.8 tC.ha-1 at soil depths below 50cm. These results allow to support the soil management strategies that addressed to preserve SOC and regulate water level within the ecosystem of the Andean paramo.
Psychological means of recreation sportsmen’s psychic workability
Authors: Gant H.Y. , Orlenko O.M.
Published: October 2016

Purpose: to study recreation of sportsmen’s psychic workability under influence of psychological methods. Material: Students-sportsmen, practicing boxing and kickboxing (n=45, age17-23 years) participated in he research. Express assessment methodic for “Self-feeling, activity and mood”, “Correcting tests” was used. Results: sportsmen’s subjective assessment of own state depends on the stage of competition functioning. This assessment is rather favorable in pre-competition and competition periods. In pre-competition period unconscious weakening of psychic workability happens. Psychic workability weakening in competition period is of functional character and can be reduced in post-competition period. Conclusions: application of art-therapeutic methodic results in sportsmen’s more recreated, relaxed and hardy. Singing and drawing can be used as the method of stabilization of sportsmen’s activity, mood and self-feeling.
Influence of studying in higher educational establishment on students’ harmful computer habits
Authors: Kudryavtsev M.D. , Kramida I.E. , Iermakov S.S.
Published: October 2016

Purpose: to determine influence of educational process on prevalence of students’ harmful computer habits. Material: in the research 1st-3rd year students (803 boys and 596 girls) participated. All they specialized in discipline Physical culture. The students had no health disorders. Results: it was found that in average students have 2 computer habits everyone. The most probable and dangerous in respect to addicting are habits to use internet and computer games. Student, who has these habits, spends more than 4 hours a day for them. 33% of 1st year boys and 16% of 1st year girls spend more than 2 hours a day for computer games. 15-20 % of boys and 25-30% of year girls waste more than 4 hours a day in internet. 10-15% of boys spend more than 4 hours a day for computer games. It is very probable that these students already have computer games’ addiction. Conclusions: recent time dangerous tendency to watching anime has been appearing. Physical culture faculties and departments shall take additional measures on reduction of students’ computer addictions. Teachers of all disciplines shall organize educational process with the help of electronic resources so that not to provoke progressing of students’ computer habits.
‘It definitely should… if you had kind of an ideal service’
Authors: Kellaghan Sinéad
Published: October 2016

It has been suggested that reflective practice is a fundamentally ethical process (Bolton, 2014). Intuitively, this statement seems convincing. However, the author was interested in exploring this issue empirically in the context of the Speech and Language Therapist (SLT) identity. Data was gathered during focus groups with SLTs and also during one to one interviews with SLTs and speech and language therapy educators. During these focus groups and interviews, participants were facilitated in reflecting on some of their professional (i.e. clinical and educational) practices. Transcripts were then analysed, focusing in particular on modality (Palmer, 2001; Rocci, 2009) and footing (Goffman, 1981), with a view to exploring both reflection and ethics in relation to SLT identity. Ethical talk was found to be embedded within the reflective discourse studied. Analysis uncovered ethical facets of institutional identities emergent during the reflective talk of SLTs and educators. Reflection, as a discursive activity, is a complex and multi-layered process. While reflecting on their professional practice members of the speech and language therapy community also ‘do’ identity work. This analysis suggests that ethical facets of professional identity are, in part, constructed and maintained vis-à-vis reflective talk. The potential for reflection to be used as a tool for supporting healthcare professionals, such as SLTs, to nurture ethical identities deserves further investigation. The importance of infusing ethics into everyday clinical thinking and action is also discussed.