bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water depth influences survival and predator‐specific patterns of nest loss in three secretive marsh bird species
Authors: Schmidt Stephanie M. , Fournier Auriel M. V. , Osborn Joshua M. , Benson Thomas J.
Published: December 2023

Wetlands have become increasingly rare in the United States, negatively influencing wetland‐dependent birds, and many remaining wetlands are intensively managed through seasonal dewatering mimicking historic flood pulses during spring and summer. However, water around nests may provide protection from terrestrial predators, and lowering water levels during the breeding season of wetland birds may increase predation risk and exacerbate marsh bird population declines. Understanding interactions between water depth, nesting marsh birds, and nest predators is critical to aid managers in developing a multi‐species management approach in emergent wetlands. During the 2020 and 2021 breeding seasons, we examined nest survival of 148 marsh bird nests (American Coot,Fulica americana,n = 1; Common Gallinule,Gallinula galeata,n = 64; and Least Bittern;Ixobrychus exilis,n = 83) and installed cameras at 78 nests to identify predators at a large, restored floodplain wetland in Illinois where the primary management technique is seasonal water removal to stimulate germination of moist soil plants. We found nest predation of, and abandonment by, Least Bittern and Common Gallinule were related to shallower water, and early season, high volume dewatering. Least Bitterns nested more commonly along wetland edges and nests farther from the shore were more likely to survive. Similarly, we found mammalian depredation of nests and nest abandonment decreased when deeper water was present around nests. Alternatively, snake predation was observed earlier in the year prior to water removal from inundated emergent vegetation. Our results demonstrate water depth may be an important deterrent of nest predators, especially mammals, during the breeding season. Further, we recommend managers delay dewatering until after the nesting season at sites where management for conservation‐priority marsh birds is a focus.
Cooperativity in Hydrogen‐Bonded Macrocycles Derived from Nucleobases
Authors: Almacellas David , van der Lubbe Stephanie C. C. , Grosch Alice A. , Tsagri Iris , Vermeeren Pascal , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Poater Jordi
Published: December 2023

Introducing a rigid linear π‐conjugated acetylene linker into a supramolecular building block consisting of a hydrogen‐bond donor side and a hydrogen‐bond acceptor side yields a decrease in cooperativity in the resulting formed quartet. This follows from our Kohn‐Sham molecular orbital and Voronoi deformation density analyses of hydrogen‐bonded macrocycles based on guanine and cytosine nucleobases. The acetylene linker abstracts electron density from the hydrogen‐bond acceptor and donor, making the hydrogen‐bond acceptor more negatively charged and the hydrogen‐bond donor more positively charged and hence suppressing the donor–acceptor charge transfer interaction between the interacting fragments. This, ultimately, hampers the cooperativity in the hydrogen‐bonded macrocycle. We envision that these findings could open the door to new design principles for the development of novel hydrogen‐bond supramolecular macrocycles.
New Isoxazole‐Substituted Aryl Iodides: Metal‐Free Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Rimi  , Uttam Bhawna , Zhdankin Viktor V. , Kumar Ravi
Published: December 2023

A series of new isoxazole‐substituted aryl iodides 1 a–1 d have been synthesized by DIB‐mediated [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of 2‐iodo‐1,3‐bis(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yloxy) benzene (4) with corresponding benzaldehyde oximes 5 a–5 d. Structure of the synthesized aryl iodides 1 were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The structure of 1 a was also confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. Further, catalytic activity of iodoarenes 1 a–1 d was screened for the oxidation of hydroquinones and sulfides. On oxidation using aryl iodides 1 with m‐CPBA as terminal oxidant, hydroquinones afforded benzoquinones while sulfides gave corresponding sulfoxides in good to excellent yields. Iodoarene 1 b showed the best catalytic activity for the oxidation of sulfides and hydroquinones. Moreover, iodoarene 1 b, was also utilized for α‐oxytosylation of acetophenones.
Seismic behavior and modeling of T‐shaped reinforced concrete walls under high axial force ratios
Authors: Ji Xiaodong , Sun Lei , Wang Shuo , Kolozvari Kristijan
Published: December 2023

This paper presents large‐scale quasi‐static tests conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of slender T‐shaped walls under a high axial compression force ratio of approximately 0.19. Four specimens were designed per various codes and design methods for comparison. All specimens failed in a flexural mode, characterized by the crushing of concrete and buckling or fracture of boundary longitudinal rebars at the web toe. The specimens designed per the US code ACI 318‐19 provisions and designed using displacement‐based method exhibited satisfactory deformation capacity with an ultimate drift exceeding 2.0%, which validates the effectiveness of the provisions and displacement‐based method for T‐shaped walls under high axial force ratios. However, the specimen designed per the Chinese code GB 50011‐2010 experienced a sudden drop in strength after 1.0% drift in flange‐in‐tension loading, indicating insufficient design of the special boundary element at the web toe and the necessity of improvement of the current Chinese code provisions. The flexural strength of the T‐shaped wall specimens can be accurately estimated using cross‐sectional analysis. Analysis of the test data indicated that the effective stiffness of the T‐shaped RC walls with an axial force ratio of no greater than 0.1 was significantly lower than 0.35EcIg, while that of the T‐shaped walls with an axial force ratio of 0.19 reached 0.5–0.7EcIg. Existing equations did not provide accurate estimate of the effective stiffness of T‐shaped walls. The lateral drift limit formulation developed by Segura and Wallace could reasonably estimate the lateral drift capacities for the T‐shaped RC wall specimens under high axial force ratios. Finally, three conceptually different models, namely the MVLEM‐3D, SFI‐MVLEM‐3D, and multi‐layer shear element models were adopted for the simulation of T‐shaped RC walls. All three models reasonably predicted the flexural strength capacity (mostly less than 15% error) and the effective stiffness (13%–43% error) of the T‐shaped walls.
A comparative study of the impact on combustion and emission characteristics of nanoparticle‐based fuel additives in the internal combustion engine
Authors: Gupta Aveek , Kumar Ravinder , Maurya Ashish , Ahmadi Mohammad H. , Ongar Bulbul , Yegzekova Anara , Sharma Jeet Prakash , Kanchan Sumit , Shelare Sagar
Published: December 2023

The search for an effective solution to improve performance and emission characteristics of internal combustion (IC) engines used in the commercial sector is regarded as one of the most important and essential issues in recent years due to increasing levels of pollution. Nanoparticles with their additive ability to increase fuel reactivity and atomization, due to their large surface area and high heat transfer coefficient, can improve the performance and emission characteristics of a fuel. This review highlights the use of nanoparticles as fuel additives to enhance the emission and performance characteristics of IC engines. Detailed comparisons of performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of IC engines using fuels blended with nanoparticles have been done. Nanoparticles were observed to be an oxygen buffer for fuel combustion and boost fuel atomization, thus enhancing engine performance. While alumina exhibited a decrease in levels of HC and CO but a considerable increase in NOx, graphene nanoparticles and ceria were found to be particularly effective in enhancing engine performance. Detailed study has been done on other nanoparticles, including metal‐oxide, nonmetal‐oxide as well as carbon nanoparticles. Overall, the use of nanoparticles can enhance the thermophysical characteristics of fuels, improving the emission and performance characteristics of engines. The review suggests that selecting the right dosage and variety of nanoparticles is crucial for optimizing engine performance, and thus directly helps in tackling the ongoing pollution problem.
The stochastic stability and H∞‐fuzzy control of stochastic bifurcation of a doubly‐fed induction generator
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Qiangqiang , Wei Zhanhong , Wang Kun
Published: December 2023

Considering the dynamic behavior of doubly‐fed induction generators (DFIGs) under the influence of random factors, this paper not only analyzes the phenomenon of stochastic instability and bifurcation of a DFIG dynamic variable in its random space when they are affected by environmental noise, but also proposes a method based on the Tkagi–Sugneo (T–S) fuzzy control strategy to control its stochastic bifurcation. First, a four‐dimensional stochastic dynamic DFIG model is established by using multiplicative white noise to simulate the influence of environmental noise on electrical variables, and stochastic central manifold theory is used to reduce the dimensionality of a planar model in the bifurcation neighborhood. Then, the stochastic stability of the model is investigated based on singular boundary theory, while the steady‐state probability density of the stochastic DFIG is determined using the Fokker–Plank–Kolmogorov equation to obtain the location and probability density of its stochastic P‐bifurcation. Finally, the influence of stochastic bifurcation behavior is eliminated by H∞‐fuzzy output feedback control. The numerical simulation results indicate that the location and probability of stochastic bifurcation in a DFIG will vary with the change in noise intensity, and the bifurcation parameter values and stochastic stability domain are obtained. The harm caused by random factors can be solved based on H∞‐fuzzy output feedback, which provides a theoretical basis for the stable operation of the DFIG system.
Managing the threat of infectious disease in fisheries and aquaculture using structured decision making
Authors: Irwin Brian J , Tomamichel Megan M , Frischer Marc E , Hall Richard J , Davis Alaina DE , Bliss Thomas H , Rohani Pejman , Byers James E
Published: December 2023

Fisheries and aquaculture provide food and economic security, especially in the developing world, but both face challenges from infectious disease. Here, we consider management of disease issues from a structured decision‐making perspective to examine how infectious disease can threaten seafood production and influence management decisions. For both wild fisheries and aquaculture, disease‐management objectives generally aim to mitigate the severity and economic burden of outbreaks. General management strategies include manipulating host densities, reducing system connectivity, conserving or improving habitat, and implementing direct treatments or some other biological interventions. To inform decisions, mathematical models can be used to explore disease dynamics and to forecast the potential effectiveness of alternative management actions. Developing and implementing disease‐management strategies also involve considering uncertainties and balancing competing stakeholder interests and risk tolerances. We conclude by outlining several steps for applying structured decision making that are broadly useful to decision makers facing issues related to disease.
Reactions to asynchronous video interviews: The role of design decisions and applicant age and gender
Authors: Tilston Ottilie , Krings Franciska , Roulin Nicolas , Bourdage Joshua S. , Fetzer Michael
Published: December 2023

Asynchronous video interviews (AVIs) are a form of one‐way, technology‐mediated selection interview that can help streamline and increase flexibility in the hiring process and are used to hire millions of applicants per year. Although applicant reactions to AVIs in general tend to be more negative than with traditional interview modalities, AVIs can differ widely in how they are designed. For instance, applicants can be provided with more or less preparation time, response length, rerecording options, or rely on different question formats. This study examines how AVI design features impact applicant reactions, as well as the moderating role played by applicant age and gender. Data from 27,809 real job applicant's AVI experiences were collected in 11 countries (69.3% English‐speaking) from 33 companies and relating to 72 types of positions. Data were fitted with linear mixed‐effects models to account for nesting. Results showed that allowing more preparation time and offering the opportunity to rerecord responses were related to more favorable reactions, while including more questions was related to more negative reactions. Applicants above the age of 31 reacted especially negatively to AVIs with more questions while those below the age of 30 preferred being allocated longer maximum response lengths. Women reacted more positively to increased preparation time. These findings might help both AVI vendors and hiring organizations design AVIs that facilitate a positive applicant experience. Our research also expands knowledge on applicant reactions to interviews, highlights crucial differences from traditional formats, and calls for integrating applicant characteristics into current theoretical frameworks on applicant reactions to AVIs.
Integrating climate model projections into environmental risk assessment: A probabilistic modeling approach
Authors: Moe S. Jannicke , Brix Kevin V. , Landis Wayne G. , Stauber Jenny L. , Carriger John F. , Hader John D. , Kunimitsu Taro , Mentzel Sophie , Nathan Rory , Noyes Pamela D. , Oldenkamp Rik , Rohr Jason R. , van den Brink Paul J. , Verheyen Julie , Benestad Rasmus E.
Published: December 2023

The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) convened a Pellston workshop in 2022 to examine how information on climate change could be better incorporated into the ecological risk assessment (ERA) process for chemicals as well as other environmental stressors. A major impetus for this workshop is that climate change can affect components of ecological risks in multiple direct and indirect ways, including the use patterns and environmental exposure pathways of chemical stressors such as pesticides, the toxicity of chemicals in receiving environments, and the vulnerability of species of concern related to habitat quality and use. This article explores a modeling approach for integrating climate model projections into the assessment of near- and long-term ecological risks, developed in collaboration with climate scientists. State-of-the-art global climate modeling and downscaling techniques may enable climate projections at scales appropriate for the study area. It is, however, also important to realize the limitations of individual global climate models and make use of climate model ensembles represented by statistical properties. Here, we present a probabilistic modeling approach aiming to combine projected climatic variables as well as the associated uncertainties from climate model ensembles in conjunction with ERA pathways. We draw upon three examples of ERA that utilized Bayesian networks for this purpose and that also represent methodological advancements for better prediction of future risks to ecosystems. We envision that the modeling approach developed from this international collaboration will contribute to better assessment and management of risks from chemical stressors in a changing climate. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:367–383. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
The investigation of the effects of monosodium glutamate on healthy rats and rats with STZ‐induced diabetes
Authors: Urcar Gelen Sevda , Ozkanlar Seckin , Gedikli Semin , Atasever Mustafa
Published: December 2023

Monosodium glutamate (MSG, E621) is a flavor‐enhancing food additive used widely in the food preparation industry and consumed regularly. It is considered that long‐term consumption of MSG causes metabolic syndrome and obesity. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar, polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia, in which insulin secreted from pancreatic β cells is inadequate for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. Rats were application 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) solution intraperitoneally and a diabetes model was created. For this purpose, freshly prepared STZ was injected into the peritoneum. Tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐10, IL‐6, and IL‐1β levels in STZ, MSG, and STZ + MSG groups were found to be significantly increased in inflammation parameters measured on the 28th day of administration when compared to the Control Group (p < 0.001). Also, although malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased significantly in the STZ + MSG group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were significantly decreased in the STZ, MSG, and STZ + MSG groups when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Also, although glucose levels increased significantly in STZ and STZ + MSG at the end of the 28th day (p < 0.01), insulin levels decreased in STZ, MSG, and STZ + MSG groups when compared to the control groups (p < 0.01). As a result, it was found that STZ and MSG application significantly increased cytokine production, increased MDA, which is an oxidant parameter in pancreatic tissue, and decreased antioxidants (GSH and SOD) when compared to the control groups. It was also found that MSG disrupted the normal histological structure in pancreatic cells, and the damage was much more in both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic areas in the STZ + MSG group when compared to the STZ and MSG groups. It was considered that with the increased use of MSG, the susceptibility to DM might increase along with tissue damage significantly in diabetic groups, therefore, MSG must be used in a limited and controlled manner.
Circ‐SATB2 (hsa_circ_0008928) and miR‐150‐5p are regulators of TRIM66 in the regulation of NSCLC cell growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells via the ceRNA pathway
Authors: Chen Liangji , Zhou Yuting , Cheng Hongbing , Lu Wenjing , Cai Mengyang , Jiang Kaifeng
Published: December 2023

Circular RNA (circRNA) was an important modulator and potential molecular target of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CircSATB2 was reported to be upregulated in NSCLC. However, the role and mechanism of circSATB2 in NSCLC progression remain to be illustrated. The RNA and protein expression was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunohistochemistry assay. Cell counting kit‐8, cell colony formation, and 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assays were applied to assess cell growth. The migrated and invaded cells were examined by transwell assay. Flow cytometry was performed to measure apoptotic cells. The interaction among circSATB2, microRNA‐150‐5p (miR‐150‐5p), and tripartite motif‐containing protein 66 (TRIM66) was identified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. An in vivo experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of circSATB2 on tumor growth. CircSATB2 expression was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. CircSATB2 and TRIM66 silencing both suppressed NSCLC cell growth, migration, and invasion whereas promoted NSCLC cell apoptosis. CircSATB2 acted as a molecular sponge for miR‐150‐5p, and miR‐150‐5p interacted with the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of TRIM66. Moreover, circSATB2 knockdown‐induced effects were partly reversed by TRIM66 overexpression in NSCLC cells. Besides, cirSATB2 expression was negatively correlated with miR‐150‐5p level and positively correlated with TRIM66 level in NSCLC tumor tissues. CircSATB2 knockdown blocked xenograft tumor growth in vivo. In summary, this study verified that circSATB2 stimulated NSCLC cell malignant behaviors by miR‐150‐5p/TRIM66 pathway, providing a possible circRNA‐targeted therapy for NSCLC.
Amino acids and their roles in tumor immunotherapy of breast cancer
Authors: Xia Hongzhuo , Zhu Jianyu , Zheng Zhuomeng , Xiao Peiyao , Yu Xiaohui , Wu Muyao , Xue Lian , Xu Xi , Wang Xinyu , Guo Yuxuan , Zheng Chanjuan , Ding Siyu , Wang Yian , Peng Xiaoning , Fu Shujun , Li Junjun , Deng Xiyun
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. The primary treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and hormone therapy. The effectiveness of breast cancer therapy varies depending on the stage and aggressiveness of the cancer, as well as individual factors. Advances in early detection and improved treatments have significantly increased survival rates for breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, specific subtypes of breast cancer, particularly triple‐negative breast cancer, still lack effective treatment strategies. Thus, novel and effective therapeutic targets for breast cancer need to be explored. As substrates of protein synthesis, amino acids are important sources of energy and nutrition, only secondly to glucose. The rich supply of amino acids enables the tumor to maintain its proliferative competence through participation in energy generation, nucleoside synthesis and maintenance of cellular redox balance. Amino acids also play an important role in immune‐suppressive microenvironment formation. Thus, the biological effects of amino acids may change unexpectedly in tumor‐specific or oncogene‐dependent manners. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the study of amino acid metabolism, particularly in their potential application as therapeutic targets in breast cancer. In this review, we provide an update on amino acid metabolism and discuss the therapeutic implications of amino acids in breast cancer.
Rainbow subgraphs in edge‐colored complete graphs: Answering two questions by Erdős and Tuza
Authors: Axenovich Maria , Clemen Felix C.
Published: December 2023

An edge‐coloring of a complete graph with a set of colors is called completely balanced if any vertex is incident to the same number of edges of each color from . Erdős and Tuza asked in 1993 whether for any graph on edges and any completely balanced coloring of any sufficiently large complete graph using colors contains a rainbow copy of . This question was restated by Erdős in his list of “Some of my favourite problems on cycles and colourings.” We answer this question in the negative for most cliques by giving explicit constructions of respective completely balanced colorings. Further, we answer a related question concerning completely balanced colorings of complete graphs with more colors than the number of edges in the graph .
Complex I, V, and MDH2 deficient human skin fibroblasts reveal distinct metabolic signatures by 1H HR‐MAS NMR
Authors: Meyer Christoph , Hertig Damian , Arnold Janine , Urzi Christian , Kurth Sandra , Mayr Johannes A. , Schaller André , Vermathen Peter , Nuoffer Jean‐Marc
Published: December 2023

In this study, we investigated the metabolic signatures of different mitochondrial defects (two different complex I and complex V, and the one MDH2 defect) in human skin fibroblasts (HSF). We hypothesized that using a selective culture medium would cause defect specific adaptation of the metabolome and further our understanding of the biochemical implications for the studied defects. All cells were cultivated under galactose stress condition and compared to glucose‐based cell culture condition. We investigated the bioenergetic profile using Seahorse XFe96 cell analyzer and assessed the extracellular metabolic footprints and the intracellular metabolic fingerprints using NMR. The galactose‐based culture condition forced a bioenergetic switch from a glycolytic to an oxidative state in all cell lines which improved overall separation of controls from the different defect groups. The extracellular metabolome was discriminative for separating controls from defects but not the specific defects, whereas the intracellular metabolome suggests CI and CV changes and revealed clear MDH2 defect‐specific changes in metabolites associated with the TCA cycle, malate aspartate shuttle, and the choline metabolism, which are pronounced under galactose condition.
Tooth pattern, development, and replacement in the yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Authors: Huang Rui , Tang Li , Li Ruiqi , Li Yongfeng , Zhan Liping , Huang Xiaofeng
Published: December 2023

Studies of teleost teeth are important for understanding the evolution and mechanisms of tooth development, replacement, and regeneration. Here, we used gross specimens, microcomputed tomography, and histological analysis to characterize tooth structure, development, and resorption patterns in adult Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The oral and pharyngeal teeth are villiform and conical. Multiple rows of dentition are densely distributed and the tooth germ is derived from the epithelium. P. fulvidraco exhibits a discontinuous and non‐permanent dental lamina. Epithelial cells surround the teeth and are separated into distinct tooth units by mesenchymal tissue. Tooth development is completed in the form of independent tooth units. P. fulvidraco does not undergo simultaneous tooth replacement. Based on tooth development and resorption status, five forms of teeth are present in adult P. fulvidraco: developing tooth germs, accompanied by relatively immature tooth germs; mature and well‐mineralized tooth accompanied by one tooth germ; teeth that have begun resorption, but not completely fractured; fractured teeth with only residual attachment to the underlying bone; and teeth that are completely resorbed and detached. Seven biological stages of a tooth in P. fulvidraco were also described.
Prevalence and risk factors of anal human papillomavirus infection among men with anal condyloma acuminata by HIV status in ShenZhen, Southeast China: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Yang Rongqing , Huang Jie , Zhang Mingshuang , Zhao Xiaobao , Chu Wenzhu , Wei Lanlan
Published: December 2023

Patients with anal condyloma acuminatum (CA) are at risk of developing anal cancer which is associated with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Investigation of anal HPV prevalence and risk factors can provide effective strategies for the prevention of anal cancer. A retrospective study was conducted among 549 patients with anal CA in the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen between January 2019 and October 2021. HPV prevalence and HIV antibodies were detected by fluorescent PCR and ELISA, respectively. Logistic regression model and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted to analyzed the risk factors of oncogenic HPV infection. The overall prevalence of HPV was 96.72%. Both HPV6 (N = 285, 51.91%) and HPV11 (N = 300, 54.64%) were more than half infected and the most frequent Hr‐HPV genotype was HPV16 (N = 138, 25.14%). HIV‐positive (AOR: 5.02, 95% CI: 2.98−8.60, p < 0.0001) and history of syphilis (AOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 2.31−8.46, p < 0.0001) were independent risk factors statistically associated with oncogenic HPV infection. Ever had anal sex (AOR: 3.40, 95% CI: 1.28−11.81, p = 0.0267) and age 35 years and older (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.53−5.15, p = 0.0009) were associated with HPV16 and HPV52, respectively. SEM analyses showed that HIV‐positive (b = 1.549, p < 0.001) and history of syphilis (b = 1.450, p < 0.001) had significant positive effects on oncogenic HPV infection. Ever had anal sex (b = 1.243, p = 0.025) and Age (b = 0.043, p = 0.002) positively drived HPV16 and HPV52 infection, respectively. Anal CA patients who are HIV‐positive, have a history of syphilis, or at least 35 years old should be considered for Hr‐HPV, cytology and other anal cancer related tests to reduce the risk of cancer development.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging reveals abnormal gray matter and white matter development in some brain regions of children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Tang Shilong , Liu Xianfan , Nie Lisha , Qian Fangfang , Chen Wushuang , He Ling , Yang Mei
Published: December 2023

In this study, we explored the application of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) technology in the brains of children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Seventy‐two children with ADHD and 79 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were included in the study. All children were examined by means of 3D T1‐weighted image, DKI, and conventional sequence scanning. The volume and DKI parameters of each brain region were obtained by software postprocessing (GE ADW 4.6 workstation) and compared between the two groups of children to determine the imaging characteristics of children with ADHD. The result showed the total brain volume was lower in children with ADHD than in healthy children (p < .05). The gray and white matter volumes in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and other brain regions were lower in children with ADHD than in healthy children (p < .05). The axial kurtosis (Ka), mean kurtosis (MK), fractional anisotropy (FA), and radial kurtosis(Kr) values in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and caudate nucleus of children with ADHD were lower than those of healthy children, while the mean diffusivity(MD) and fractional anisotropy of kurtosis (FAK) values were higher than those of healthy children (p < .05). Additionally, the Ka, MK, FA, and Kr values in the frontal lobe, caudate nucleus, and temporal lobe could be used to distinguish children with ADHD (AUC > .05, p < .05). In conclusion, DKI showed abnormal gray matter and white matter development in some brain regions of children with ADHD.
Evolution of ENSO‐related seasonal precipitation anomalies in East Asia: A robustness revisit
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Hu Zeng‐Zhen , Wu Renguang , Ding Yihui , Jha Bhaskar
Published: December 2023

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major source of seasonal climate predictability and a key predictor for East Asian precipitation. However, the impacts of ENSO on East Asian precipitation are extremely complex and still controversial. Thus, it is necessary and significant to use various (observational and model) data sources to further examine the robustness of the impacts. This study revisits the evolution of the ENSO‐related seasonal precipitation anomalies in East Asia, including symmetric and asymmetric impacts of El Niños and La Niñas, the differences in the influences of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niños, and the interdecadal change of ENSO influences. The ENSO impact on East Asian precipitation has weakened (strengthened) in the ENSO's developing (decay) phase in the recent two decades. The ENSO impacts are robust in (i) southern China‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River‐southern Japan around the ENSO's mature phase, (ii) western North China in the developing phase and (iii) southwestern China in the decay phase. The distribution of East Asian precipitation anomalies is asymmetric in El Niño and La Niña years. The model simulations forced with observed sea surface temperature generally reproduce the observed evolution of seasonal precipitation anomalies associated with ENSO and confirm the robust impact of ENSO in East Asia. These results indicate the necessity to consider the asymmetric impact of El Niños and La Niñas, to distinguish the El Niño flavours for their impact on the East Asian climate, and to include the interdecadal variation of ENSO influence in addressing East Asian climate anomalies.
Clinical outcomes of ABCB4 heterozygosity in infants and children with cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Hegarty Robert , Gurra Olivia , Tarawally Jenneh , Allouni Sammi , Rahman Obydur , Strautnieks Sandra , Kyrana Eirini , Hadzic Nedim , Thompson Richard J. , Grammatikopoulos Tassos
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Biallelic variants in the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily B member 4 (ABCB4) gene which encodes the multidrug resistance 3 protein (MDR3) leads to progressive familiar intrahepatic cholestasis type 3. However, monoallelic variants are increasingly recognized as contributing to liver disease in adults. Our aim was to describe the clinical characteristics of MDR3 heterozygous variants in a large cohort of infants and children with cholestatic liver disease.

Methods

The clinical and genotypic data on pediatric patients seen at King's College Hospital, London, between 2004 and 2022 and found to harbour heterozygous variants in ABCB4 were reviewed.

Results

Ninety‐two patients amongst 1568 tested were identified with a monoallelic variant (5.9%). The most common presenting problem was conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (n = 46; 50%) followed by cholelithiasis (n = 12; 13%) and cholestatic hepatitis (n = 10; 11%). The median values of liver biochemistry at presentation were: GGT 105 IU/L and total bilirubin 86 µmol/L. Thirty‐two genetic variants were identified including 22 missense (69%), 4 deletions (13%), 5 splice site (16%) and 1 termination (3%). At a median follow up of 1 year there was resolution of liver disease.

Conclusions

Rare variants in ABCB4 were found amongst infants and children with cholestatic liver disease. The presenting problems were variable and abnormalities tended to normalize over time. Those with severe mutations could develop liver disease later in life when exposed to further insult and should be counseled appropriately.
Examining the functional space of gut microbiome‐derived peptides
Authors: Lee Ying‐Chiang J.
Published: December 2023

The human gut microbiome contains thousands of small, novel peptides that could play a role in microbe–microbe and host–microbe interactions, contributing to human health and disease. Although these peptides have not yet been systematically characterized, computational tools can be used to elucidate the bioactivities they may have. This article proposes probing the functional space of gut microbiome‐derived peptides (MDPs) using in silico approaches for three bioactivities: antimicrobial, anticancer, and nucleomodulins. Machine learning programs that support peptide and protein queries are provided for each bioactivity. Considering the biases of an activity‐centric approach, activity‐agnostic tools using structural and chemical similarity and target prediction are also described. Gut MDPs represent a vast functional space that can not only contribute to our understanding of microbiome interactions but potentially even serve as a source of life‐changing therapeutics.
Uncommon/rare oncogenic drivers in non‐small cell lung cancer: Consensus and contention
Authors: Wu Yi‐Long , Lu Shun , Cheng Ying , Zhou Qing , Tu Hai‐Yan , Zhou Qing‐Hua , Wang Lv‐Hua , Zhang Li , Zhou Jian‐Ying , Huang Cheng , Chen Ming , Hu Cheng‐Ping , Chuai Shao‐Kun , Wang Xiao‐Nan , Liu Xiao‐Qing , Liu Ji‐Wei , Zhou Peng‐Hui , Chen Wei‐Zhi , Yan Ling‐Hua , Liu Yun‐Peng , Liu An‐Wen , Zhang Xu‐Chao , Li Hui , Chen Rong‐Rong , Lin Dong‐Mei , Xie Cong‐Ying , Zhu Zheng‐Fei , Liang Hui‐Ying , Song Yong , Dong Xiao‐Rong , Zhao Ming‐Fang , Qiao Gui‐Bin , Cui Jiu‐Wei , Li Zi‐Ming , Wang Zhi‐Jie , Chen Xiao‐Yuan , Yang Nong , Lin Gen , Tian Pan‐Wen , Fan Yun , Song Qi‐Bin , Chen Yuan , Duan Jian‐Chun , Wang Jia‐Lei , Zhu Bo , Wang Bu‐Hai , Zhao Jun , Yu Qi‐Tao , Wang Li‐Feng , Zhang Hai‐Bo , Hu Jie , Ma Rui , Zhang Tong‐Mei , Lin Jie , Chu Qian , Ren Sheng‐Xiang , Yao Yu , Wu Lin , Wang Hui‐Juan , Wu Fang , Zhong Wen‐Zhao , Hu Yi , Chen Ke‐Neng , Zhao Jian , Zhang Li , Yang Fan , Wang Qun , Yue Dong‐Sheng , Zhou Jian‐Ya , Shen Peng , Zhang Jia‐Tao , Yan Xiao‐Long , Huang Mei‐Juan , Feng Wei‐Neng , Li Li ,   Chinese Association of Lung Cancer, Guangdong Association of Clinical Trials (GACT)/Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group (CTONG)
Published: December 2023

The importance of uncommon/rare oncogenic drivers in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was underscored during the 20th China Lung Cancer Summit. These drivers, while present in a significant proportion of NSCLC patients, remain a challenge for diagnosis and therapeutic targeting. In the never‐smokers/low smokers category with mutations such as EGFR and HER2, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains suboptimal, attributed to lower PD‐L1 expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB). However, heavy smokers, often with mutations like KRAS, may derive benefits from ICIs, as supported by trials like CheckMate‐057. With the complex landscape of these drivers and their clinical implications, the summit culminated in six pivotal consensus points, aiming to guide future research and clinical decisions. Despite the advancements, the detection, interpretation, and therapeutic strategies involving these drivers necessitate further exploration and standardization.
Compact dual‐band bandpass filter based on EMSICC and CPW resonator with excellent design flexibility
Authors: Fang Ruihong , Guan Xuehui , Ren Baoping , Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Xinlei
Published: December 2023

In this letter, a novel dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) with independently controllable center frequencies, bandwidths, and transmission zeros (TZs) is presented. The proposed BPF is realized by using eighth‐mode substrate‐integrated circular cavities (EMSICCs) and coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators. The CPW resonators are embedded in the upper surface of the EMSICCs, allowing for a compact size without additional circuit dimensions. Finally, a dual‐band BPF for WLAN is designed and fabricated with center frequencies of 2.45 and 5.2 GHz. The measured results closely align with the simulated ones, validating the performance of the filter. Multiple TZs are generated by cross‐coupling and source‐load coupling, which results in good out‐of‐band rejection performance.
The restricted SAR protocol: A method to assess MRI coil prototypes in an unconditionally safe manner
Authors: Dudysheva Natalia , Mauconduit Franck , Abdeddaim Redha , Gapais Paul‐François , Hosseinnezhadian Sajad , Dubois Marc , Amadon Alexis , Boulant Nicolas , Hertz‐Pannier Lucie , Vignaud Alexandre
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Testing an RF coil prototype on subjects involves laborious verifications to ensure its safety. In particular, it requires preliminary electromagnetic simulations and their validations on phantoms to accurately predict the specific absorption rate (SAR). For coil design validation with a simpler safety procedure, the restricted SAR (rS) mode is proposed, enabling representative first experiments in vivo. The goal of the developed approach is to accelerate the transition of a custom coil system from prototype to clinical use.

Methods

The restricted specific absorption rate (SAR) (rS) mode imposes a radical limitation on the transmitted RF power based on a worst‐case scenario of local RF power absorption. The limitations used are independent of the SAR spatial distribution, making this approach unconditionally safe. The developed rS protocol contains the sequences required for coil evaluation and satisfies the imposed rS conditions. It provides a quantitative characterization of the coil transmission and reception profiles and a qualitative evaluation of the anatomical images. Protocol validation was performed on commercial and pre‐industrial prototype coils on a small cohort of healthy volunteers.

Results

The proposed rS protocol enables coil evaluation within an acquisition time compatible with common clinical protocol duration. The total time of all evaluation steps does not exceed 17 min. At the same time, the global SAR remains 100 times less than the International Electrotechnical Commission safety limit for played sequences.

Conclusion

The rS protocol allows characterizing and comparing coil prototypes on volunteers without extensive electromagnetic calculations and phantom validations in an unconditionally safe way.
Nutrition support management of organ transplant recipients in the acute posttransplant phase
Authors: Hahn Michaelann , Wood Abby , Hasse Jeanette M.
Published: December 2023

Patients who undergo solid organ transplant can have an extensive and challenging postoperative course. The chronicity of the disease state prior to transplant in combination with transplant‐specific complications and immunosuppressant medications can lead to distinct challenges that are not observed in other critically ill patients. Although the manifestation of posttransplant complications may be specific to the organ being transplanted, there are common transplant challenges that affect nutrition therapy in these patients. Effects of malnutrition, metabolic aberrations, and posttransplant organ dysfunction should be considered when developing a nutrition care plan for patients in the immediate posttransplant phase. This article addresses the various complications that can arise in the immediate posttransplant phase among patients undergoing solid organ transplant and the appropriate nutrition interventions or considerations for this specialized patient population.
A co‐rotational virtual element method for 2D elasticity and plasticity
Authors: Yaw Louie L.
Published: December 2023

The virtual element method (VEM) allows discretization of the problem domain with polygons in 2D. The polygons can have an arbitrary number of sides and can be concave or convex. These features, among others, are attractive for meshing complex geometries. VEM applied to linear elasticity problems is now well established. Nonlinear problems involving plasticity and hyperelasticity have also been explored by researchers using VEM. Clearly, techniques for extending the method to nonlinear problems are attractive. In this work, a novel first‐order consistent VEM is applied within a static co‐rotational framework. To the author's knowledge, this has not appeared before in the literature with virtual elements. The formulation allows for large displacements and large rotations in a small strain setting. For some problems avoiding the complexity of finite strains, and alternative stress measures, is warranted. Furthermore, small strain plasticity is easily incorporated. The basic method, VEM specific implementation details for co‐rotation, and representative benchmark problems are illustrated. Consequently, this research demonstrates that the co‐rotational VEM formulation successfully solves certain classes of nonlinear solid mechanics problems. The work concludes with a discussion of results for the current formulation and future research directions.
The theoretical and experimental buckling analysis of a nanocomposite beams reinforced by nanorods made of recycled materials
Authors: Bargozini F. , Mohammadimehr M.
Published: December 2023

In this article, the numerical and experimental results for buckling analysis of a nanocomposite beams reinforced by nanorods are studied and compared. The Chebyshev–Ritz method is used to calculate the buckling numerically and compare it with the buckling test. Epoxy resin, glass's fiber, and nanorods are used to make composites. These nanorods are made using recycled materials. Also, bending and tensile tests are used to obtain the properties of these composites. In addition, the effect of various parameters such as Young's modulus, temperature change, Poisson's ratio, and boundary conditions, the strain gradient parameter, and different shape function is investigated. The addition of nanorods increases the strength and stiffness of composites and increases the critical buckling load. Actually, the made nanorods are used as a reinforcement in matrix, thus in the made nanocomposites, fracture and buckling tests are done and the results indicate that the inclusion of nanorods (0.32%) increases the critical buckling load by 16.4%. A facile hydrothermal method to synthesis the nano rodes has a less cost with the other methods, thus by adding a small percentage of it to the composite, the stiffness of the structure increases. According to the results and the significant increase in Young's modulus and critical buckling load and the cost‐effectiveness of carbon nanorods (CNRs) made from recycled materials, these environmentally friendly reinforcements can be used in various industries such as machine body construction, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding and construction of type's turbines.

Highlights

Using potato peels and hydrothermal methods, CNRs produced.

These CNRs are useful, and production is cheap and no harm environmental.

Buckling sample include of glass fiber, without and with CNRs and epoxy resin.

Third order shear deformation beam theory and Chebyshev–Ritz are used

Theoretical and experimental buckling critical load are compared.
Therapeutic potential of propolis in alleviating inflammatory response and promoting wound healing in skin burn
Authors: Manginstar Christian Oktavianus , Tallei Trina Ekawati , Niode Nurdjannah Jane , Salaki Christina Leta , Hessel Sofia Safitri
Published: December 2023

Burns can cause inflammation and delayed healing, necessitating alternative therapies due to the limitations of conventional treatments. Propolis, a natural bee‐produced substance, has shown promise in facilitating burn healing. This literature review provides a comprehensive overview of propolis' mechanisms of action, wound‐healing properties, and its application in treating skin burns. Propolis contains bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti‐inflammatory properties, making it a promising candidate for managing skin burn injuries. It helps prevent infections, neutralize harmful free radicals, and promote a well‐balanced inflammatory response. Moreover, propolis aids in wound closure, tissue regeneration, collagen synthesis, cellular proliferation, and angiogenesis, contributing to tissue regeneration and remodeling. The article discusses various propolis extracts, extraction methods, chemical composition, and optimized formulations like ointments and creams for burn wound treatment. Considerations regarding dosage and safety are addressed. Further research is needed to fully understand propolis' mechanisms, determine optimal formulations, and establish suitable clinical dosages. Nevertheless, propolis' natural origin and demonstrated benefits make it a compelling avenue for burn care exploration, potentially complementing existing therapies and improving burn management outcomes.
Dynamic switched periodic event‐triggered control systems under denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Fu Anqi , Zhang Yan , Qiao Junfei
Published: December 2023

Periodic event‐triggered control (PETC) can save network bandwidth and sensor energy at the same time; therefore, it is a promising approach for applications, especially large scale plants, such as smart water distribution systems. This work extend PETC by considering denial of service (DoS) attacks. For the PETC, a dynamic variable is introduced with a switched strategy. Different from other dynamic variables, our variable keeps store energy when there is no attacks and only release energy when attacks happen. Thus, the inter‐event intervals when attacks happen can be prolonged while guarantees the same stability and performance. If the variable equals to 0 before the ending of the attacks, then characteristic of the attack duration is analyzed to guarantee a slower Lyapunov convergence rate. The presented approach is verified via a numerical example from smart water distribution systems.