bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distal limb anomalies in patients with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia
Authors: Amir Achiya Zvi , Horev Gadi , Yacobovich Joanne , Bennett Michael , Tamary Hannah
Published: October 2016

The congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and the development of secondary hemochromatosis. Distal limb anomalies are a well‐documented though rare feature of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I, that have not been reported so far in other types. We describe a patient with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II and four members of a family with clinical features of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type III with distal limb anomalies. The patient with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II presented with bilateral complete osseous syndactyly of the hands, and bilateral complete cutaneous syndactyly of feet. Three of the four affected family members with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type III had partial absence of fingers, small or absent nails, overlapping toes, and short metatarsals. We suggest that similar to congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I, distal anomalies may appear in some patients with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia types II and III. Patients presenting with anemia and distal limb anomalies should be further investigated for the presence of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creation of an international registry to support discovery in schwannomatosis
Authors: Ostrow K. L. , Bergner A. L. , Blakeley J. , Evans D. G. , Ferner R. , Friedman J. M. , Harris G. J. , Jordan J. T. , Korf B. , Langmead S. , Leschziner G. , Mautner V. , Merker V. L. , Papi L. , Plotkin S. R. , Slopis J. M. , Smith M. J. , Stemmer‐Rachamimov A. , Yohay K. , Belzberg A. J.
Published: October 2016

Schwannomatosis is a tumor suppressor syndrome that causes multiple tumors along peripheral nerves. Formal diagnostic criteria were first published in 2005. Variability in clinical presentation and a relative lack of awareness of the syndrome have contributed to difficulty recognizing affected individuals and accurately describing the natural history of the disorder. Many critical questions such as the mutations underlying schwannomatosis, genotype‐phenotype correlations, inheritance patterns, pathologic diagnosis of schwannomatosis‐associated schwannomas, tumor burden in schwannomatosis, the incidence of malignancy, and the effectiveness of current, or new treatments remain unanswered. A well‐curated registry of schwannomatosis patients is needed to facilitate research in field. An international consortium of clinicians and scientists across multiple disciplines with expertise in schwannomatosis was established and charged with the task of designing and populating a schwannomatosis patient registry. The International Schwannomatosis Registry (ISR) was built around key data points that allow confirmation of the diagnosis and identification of potential research subjects to advance research to further the knowledge base for schwannomatosis. A registry with 389 participants enrolled to date has been established. Twenty‐three additional subjects are pending review. A formal process has been established for scientific investigators to propose research projects, identify eligible subjects, and seek collaborators from ISR sites. Research collaborations have been created using the information collected by the registry and are currently being conducted. The ISR is a platform from which multiple research endeavors can be launched, facilitating connections between affected individuals interested in participating in research and researchers actively investigating a variety of aspects of schwannomatosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanistic Studies of TiO2 Photocatalysis and Fenton Degradation of Hydrophobic Aromatic Pollutants in Water
Authors: Gong Yuanzheng , Yang Chun , Ji Hongwei , Chen Chuncheng , Ma Wanhong , Zhao Jincai
Published: October 2016

HO–adduct radicals have been investigated and confirmed as the common initial intermediates in TiO2 photocatalysis and Fenton degradations of water‐insoluble aromatics. However, the evolution of HO–adduct radicals to phenols has not been completely clarified. When 4‐d‐toluene and p‐xylene were degraded by TiO2 photocatalysis and Fenton reactions, respectively, a portion of the 4‐deuterium or 4‐CH3 group (18–100 %) at the attacked ipso position shifted to the adjacent position of the ring in the formed phenols (NIH shift; NIH is short for the National Institutes of Health, to honor the place where this phenomenon was first discovered). The results, combined with the observation of a key dienyl cationic intermediate by in situ attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, indicate that, for the evolution of HO–adduct radicals, a mixed mechanism of both the carbocation intermediate pathway and O2‐capturing pathway occurs in both aqueous TiO2 photocatalysis and aqueous Fenton reactions.
Gesteckt und gestapelt – Der Werkhof Andelfingen (CH) als moderner Industrie‐Strickbau
Authors: Rinke Mario , Gianoli Andreas
Published: October 2016

Als Abstellhalle für Fahrzeuge und als überdachter Arbeits‐ und Lagerplatz entstand in Andelfingen (Kanton Zürich) 2015 ein neues Werkhofgebäude. Die Halle mit den Abmessungen von 16,50 × 30 m2 und einer Höhe von etwa 8 m sollte aus Holz konstruiert werden. Einem Bausatz gleich, sind für Wand und Dach flächenartige Konstruktionselemente entwickelt worden, die Tragwerk und Hülle integral vereinen und darüber hinaus einfach und schnell montiert werden können. Denn moderne industrielle Herstellungsmethoden des Holzbaus ermöglichten die Erweiterung der Typologie des traditionellen Strickbaus auf den großmaßstäblichen Industriebau. Das Stapeln und Ineinanderstecken von etwa 2 m hohen Brettschichtholzträgern mit der Länge der ganzen Gebäudeseite, oben in die Wände eingesteckte Dachbinder und darauf aufgesetzte Mehrschichtplatten ermöglichte eine Holzkonstruktion mit nur wenigen zusätzlichen Verbindungsmitteln aus Stahl und eine Montagezeit des Holzbaus von nur 4 d. Durch enge Zusammenarbeit aller Planer vereinen sich Materialeigenschaften, Konstruktion, Tragwerk, Montageprinzip und architektonischer Ausdruck.
Ischemic Postconditioning: Not Giving Up Yet
Authors: Belardi Jorge A. , Albertal Mariano
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Ischemic postconditioning protects against reperfusion injury.

Adjunctive use of manual thrombus aspiration improves reperfusion results in patients undergoing primary angioplasty.

Combining both strategies (ischemic postconditioning and thrombus aspiration) may have additive effects in terms of myocardial salvage.

The PORT trial will study the role of ischemic postconditioning in patients undergoing primary angioplasty with thrombus aspiration.
Paravalvular Leaks: One Size (or Shape) Doesn't Always Fit All?
Authors: Paixao Andre , Cilingiroglu Mehmet
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Paravalvular leak (PVL) remains as uncommon but serious complication after surgical prosthetic valve implantation.

PVL when associated which congestive heart failure, hemolytic anemia, or infective endocarditis may require percutaneous treatment. High‐surgical risk is common in this population.

Dedicated PVL devices are lacking often limiting optimal treatment.
Electron Transfer in Methylene‐Blue‐Labeled G3 Dendrimers Tethered to Gold
Authors: Álvarez‐Martos Isabel , Kartashov Andrey , Ferapontova Elena E.
Published: October 2016

Redox‐modified branched 3D dendrimeric nanostructures are considered a proper tool for the wiring of redox enzymes because they provide both an enzyme‐friendly environment and exquisite electron transfer (ET) mediation. ET rates in G3 poly‐ (amido)amine (PAMAM) dendrimers, covalently attached to gold electrodes and labeled with methylene blue (MB), approached 267 s−1 and decreased as the packing density of dendrimers on the electrode surface was increased. A mechanistic analysis of the ET kinetics and fitting to the Marcus relationship showed that as the PAMAM surface coverage was increased, the ET mechanism switched from surface‐confined ET (electron tunneling) in dilute monolayers to diffusional ET (electron hopping) at higher surface populations of dendrimers. Structural changes in the positively charged dendrimers electrostatically compressed at negative charges of the electrode surface, and their dependence on the dendrimer surface packing, contribute to both mechanistic pathways. Electrical wiring of horseradish peroxidase and hexose oxidase by using MB‐labeled dendrimers allowed the bioelectrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 and oxidation of glucose by these enzymes. The demonstrated electrical communication between MB groups, localized on the periphery of dendrimers and distanced 2 to 3 nm from the electrode surface, and the electrodes opens new routes to prospective biosensor and bioelectronic applications.
Infinite Speed of Propagation and Regularity of Solutions to the Fractional Porous Medium Equation in General Domains
Authors: Bonforte Matteo , Figalli Alessio , Ros‐Oton Xavier
Published: October 2016

We study the positivity and regularity of solutions to the fractional porous medium equations in for m > 1 and s ∈ (0,1), with Dirichlet boundary data u = 0 in and nonnegative initial condition .

Our first result is a quantitative lower bound for solutions that holds for all positive times t > 0. As a consequence, we find a global Harnack principle stating that for any t > 0 solutions are comparable to ds/m, where d is the distance to ∂Ω. This is in sharp contrast with the local case s = 1, where the equation has finite speed of propagation.

After this, we study the regularity of solutions. We prove that solutions are classical in the interior (C∞ in x and C1,α in t) and establish a sharp regularity estimate up to the boundary.

Our methods are quite general and can be applied to wider classes of nonlocal parabolic equations of the form in Ω, both in bounded and unbounded domains.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Urinary steroid profile in females – the impact of menstrual cycle and emergency contraceptives
Authors: Mullen Jenny E. , Thörngren John‐Olof , Schulze Jenny J. , Ericsson Magnus , Gårevik Nina , Lehtihet Mikael , Ekström Lena
Published: October 2016

Today's doping tests involving longitudinal monitoring of steroid profiles are difficult in women. Women have more complex hormonal fluctuations than men and commonly take drugs such as hormonal contraceptives that are shown to affect biomarkers used in these doping tests. In this study, we followed six women's urinary steroid profile during one menstrual cycle, including both glucuronides and sulfate conjugated fractions. Additionally, we studied what happens to the steroidal module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) after administration of an emergency contraceptive (levonorgestrel, NorLevo®). The study shows that there are large individual variations in all metabolites included in the ABP and that the administration of emergency contraceptives may lead to suspicious steroid profile findings in the ABP. Urinary epitestosterone concentration increased during the menstrual cycle, leading to a decrease in the testosterone/epitestosterone ratio. The ratios followed in the ABP varied widely throughout the menstrual cycle, the coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 4 to 99%. There was a 3‐fold decrease in epitestosterone 24 h post administration of the emergency contraceptive pill and androsterone, etiocholanolone, and 5β‐ androstan‐3α,17β‐diol concentrations decreased about 2‐fold. When analyzed with the ABP software, one of the six women had an atypical profile after taking the emergency contraceptive. Furthermore, we could not find any alterations in excretion routes (i.e., if the metabolites are excreted as glucuronide or sulfate conjugates) during the menstrual cycle or after administration of emergency contraceptive, indicating no direct effect on phase II enzymes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepcidin as a potential biomarker for blood doping
Authors: Leuenberger Nicolas , Bulla Emanuele , Salamin Olivier , Nicoli Raul , Robinson Neil , Baume Norbert , Saugy Martial
Published: October 2016

The concentration of hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism, is suppressed during periods of increased erythropoietic activity. The present study obtained blood samples from 109 elite athletes and examined the correlations between hepcidin and markers of erythropoiesis and iron metabolism (i.e., haemoglobin, erythropoietin (EPO), ferritin, erythroferrone (ERFE), and iron concentration). Furthermore, an administration study was undertaken to examine the effect of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) delta (Dynepo™) on hepcidin concentrations in healthy male volunteers. The effects on hepcidin were then compared with those on reticulocyte percentage (Ret%) and ferritin concentration. There was a significant positive correlation between hepcidin and ferritin, iron, and haemoglobin levels in athletes, whereas hepcidin showed an inverse correlation with ERFE. Administration of rhEPO delta reduced hepcidin levels, suggesting that monitoring hepcidin may increase the sensitivity of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) for detecting rhEPO abuse. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins
Authors: Banazadeh Alireza , Veillon Lucas , Wooding Kerry M. , Zabet‐moghaddam Masoud , Mechref Yehia
Published: October 2016

Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational modifications of proteins that plays essential roles in various biological processes, including protein folding, host–pathogen interaction, immune response, and inflammation and aberrant protein glycosylation is a well‐known event in various disease states including cancer. As a result, it is critical to develop rapid and sensitive methods for the analysis of abnormal glycoproteins associated with diseases. Mass spectrometry (MS) in conjunction with different separation methods, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE), ion mobility (IM), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become a popular tool for glycoprotein analysis, providing highly informative fragments for structural identification of glycoproteins. This review provides an overview of the developments and accomplishments in the field of glycomics and glycoproteomics reported between 2014 and 2016.
First‐year experience program enhances student success
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2016

Utah State University Eastern has a long‐standing reputation for promoting student success. In 2012, a CNNMoney study ranked it third in the nation among community colleges based on graduation and transfer rates.
Focus efforts on encouraging campus visits
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2016

Gregg Mazzola recruits traditional‐aged undergraduate students for a small, pretty campus in New England. That statement probably conjures ideas about what his challenges must be and how he addresses them. But as vice president of enrollment management and marketing for the University College at Southern New Hampshire University, he can tap into resources beyond those available to enrollment managers at many small colleges. And like many others recruiting traditional‐aged students, he uses the resources at hand to encourage students to visit campus.
Effects of gradient, distance, curvature and aspect on steep burned and unburned hillslope soil erosion and deposition
Authors: Perreault Lauren M. , Yager Elowyn M. , Aalto Rolf
Published: October 2016

Wildfire denudes vegetation and impacts chemical and physical soil properties, which can alter hillslope erosion rates. Post‐wildfire erosion can also contribute disproportionately to long‐term erosion rates and landscape evolution. Post‐fire hillslope erosion rates remain difficult to predict and document at the hillslope scale. Here we use 210Pbaex (lead‐210 mineral‐adsorbed excess) inventories to describe net sediment erosion on steep, convex hillslopes in three basins (unburned, moderately and severely burned) in mountainous central Idaho. We analyzed nearly 300 soil samples for 210Pbaex content with alpha spectrometry and related net sediment erosion to burn severity, aspect, gradient, curvature and distance from ridgetop. We also tested our data against models for advective, linear and non‐linear diffusive erosion. Statistically lower net soil losses on north‐ versus south‐facing unburned hillslopes suggest that greater vegetative cover and soil cohesion on north‐facing slopes decrease erosion. On burned hillslopes, erosion differences between aspects were less apparent and net erosion was more variable, indicating that vegetation influences erosion magnitude and fire drives erosion variability. We estimated net soil losses throughout the length of unburned hillslopes, including through a footslope transition to concave form. In contrast, on burned hillslopes, the subtle shift from convex to concave form was associated with deposition of a post‐fire erosion pulse. Such overall patterns of erosion and deposition are consistent with predictions from a non‐linear diffusion equation. This finding also suggests that concave sections of overall convex hillslopes affect post‐disturbance soil erosion and deposition. Despite these patterns, no strong relationships were evident between local net soil losses and gradient, curvature, distance from ridgetop, or erosion predicted with advection or diffusion equations. The observed relationship between gradient and erosion is therefore likely more complex or stochastic than often described theoretically, especially over relatively short timescales (60–100 years). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Ni‐Mo and Ni‐Mo‐P Electroplated Coatings on Stainless Steel for PEM Fuel Cells Bipolar Plates
Authors: Rashtchi H. , Raeissi K. , Shamanian M. , Acevedo Gomez Y. , Lagergren C. , Wreland Lindström R. , Rajaei V.
Published: October 2016

Stainless steel bipolar plates (BPPs) are the preferred choice for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs); however, a surface coating is needed to minimize contact resistance and corrosion. In this paper, Ni–Mo and Ni–Mo–P coatings were electroplated on stainless steel BPPs and investigated by XRD, SEM/EDX, AFM and contact angle measurements. The performance of the BPPs was studied by corrosion and conduction tests and by measuring their interfacial contact resistances (ICRs) ex situ in a PEMFC set‐up at varying clamping pressure, applied current and temperature. The results revealed that the applied coatings significantly reduce the ICR and corrosion rate of stainless steel BPP. All the coatings presented stable performance and the coatings electroplated at 100 mA cm−2 showed even lower ICR than graphite. The excellent properties of the coatings compared to native oxide film of the bare stainless steel are due to their higher contact angle, crystallinity and roughness, improving hydrophobicity and electrical conductivity. Hence, the electroplated coatings investigated in this study have promising properties for stainless steel BPPs and are potentially good alternatives for the graphite BPP in PEMFC.
Distinct immunological activation profiles of dSLIM® and ProMune® depend on their different structural context
Authors: Kapp Kerstin , Schneider Jacqueline , Schneider Lisa , Gollinge Nadine , Jänsch Stefanie , Schroff Matthias , Wittig Burghardt , Kleuss Christiane
Published: October 2016

Introduction

DNA‐based TLR9 agonists are potent activators of the immune system. ProMune® and dSLIM® belong to different families of TLR9 agonists and both have been established as cancer immunotherapeutics in clinical proof‐of‐concept studies. Unfortunately, ProMune® failed in pivotal oncological trials. dSLIM®, the active ingredient of Lefitolimod (MGN1703), successfully finished a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled phase II study in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, exhibiting improved progression‐free survival and durable disease control.

Methods

To explain the different systemic efficacies of dSLIM® and ProMune®, both TLR9 agonists and chimeric molecules thereof are analyzed side‐by‐side in a panel of in vitro assays for immune activation.

Results and conclusions

Indeed, dSLIM® exposure results in an IFN‐α dependent broad activation of immune cells whereas ProMune® strongly stimulates B cells. Moreover, all functional effects of dSLIM® strictly depend on the presence of CG‐motifs within its dumbbell‐shaped, covalently closed structural context. Conversely, several immunological effects of ProMune® like IL‐8 secretion are independent of CG‐motifs and could be ascribed to the phosphorothioate‐modifications of its DNA backbone, which may have caused the side effects of ProMune® in clinical trials. Finally, we showed that the implementation of ProMune® (ODN2006) base sequence into the characteristic dSLIM® dumbbell form resulted in dSLIM2006 with all beneficial effects for immunostimulation combined from both TLR9 classes without any CG‐independent effects.
CREATING A “NEST” OF EMOTIONAL SAFETY: REFLECTIVE SUPERVISION IN A CHILD–PARENT PSYCHOTHERAPY CASE
Authors: Many Michele M. , Kronenberg Mindy E. , Dickson Amy B.
Published: October 2016

Reflective supervision is considered a key practice component for any infant mental health provider to work effectively with young children and their families. This article will provide a brief history and discussion of reflective supervision followed by a case study demonstrating the importance of reflective supervision in the context of child–parent psychotherapy (CPP; A.F. Lieberman, C. Ghosh Ippen, & P. Van Horn, ; A.F. Lieberman & P. Van Horn, , 2008). Given that CPP leverages the caregiver–child relationship as the mechanism for change in young children who have been impacted by stressors and traumas, primary objectives of CPP include assisting caregivers as they understand the meaning of their child's distress and improving the caregiver–child relationship to make it a safe and supportive space in which the child can heal. As this case will demonstrate, when a clinician is emotionally triggered by a family's negative intergenerational patterns of relating, reflective supervision supports a parallel process in which the psychotherapist feels understood and contained by the supervisor so that she or he is able to support the caregiver's efforts to understand and contain the child.
Orphan Adhesion GPCR GPR64/ADGRG2 Is Overexpressed in Parathyroid Tumors and Attenuates Calcium-Sensing Receptor-Mediated Signaling
Authors: Balenga Nariman , Azimzadeh Pedram , Hogue Joyce A , Staats Paul N , Shi Yuhong , Koh James , Dressman Holly , Olson John A
Published: October 2016

Abnormal feedback of serum calcium to parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion is the hallmark of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Although the molecular pathogenesis of parathyroid neoplasia in PHPT has been linked to abnormal expression of genes involved in cell growth (e.g., cyclin D1, retinoblastoma, and β-catenin), the molecular basis of abnormal calcium sensing by calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and PTH hypersecretion in PHPT are incompletely understood. Through gene expression profiling, we discovered that an orphan adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), GPR64/ADGRG2, is expressed in human normal parathyroid glands and is overexpressed in parathyroid tumors from patients with PHPT. Using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and coimmunoprecipitation, we found that GPR64 is expressed on the cell surface of parathyroid cells, is overexpressed in parathyroid tumors, and physically interacts with the CaSR. By using reporter gene assay and GPCR second messenger readouts we identified Gαs, 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A, and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) as the signaling cascade downstream of GPR64. Furthermore, we found that an N-terminally truncated human GPR64 is constitutively active and a 15–amino acid–long peptide C-terminal to the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) of GPR64 activates this receptor. Functional characterization of GPR64 demonstrated its ability to increase PTH release from human parathyroid cells at a range of calcium concentrations. We discovered that the truncated constitutively active, but not the full-length GPR64 physically interacts with CaSR and attenuates the CaSR-mediated intracellular Ca2+ signaling and cAMP suppression in HEK293 cells. Our results indicate that GPR64 may be a physiologic regulator of PTH release that is dysregulated in parathyroid tumors, and suggest a role for GPR64 in pathologic calcium sensing in PHPT. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
RIPPLE EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTING EVIDENCE‐BASED MENTAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS IN A COMMUNITY‐BASED SOCIAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Beehler Sarah
Published: October 2016

Concerns over the quality of mental health services in the United States have led to the creation, dissemination, and implementation of evidence‐based mental health interventions (EBMHIs). Though it is widely acknowledged that interventions have ripple effects, the effects of these interventions on the systems in which they are implemented (i.e., practice settings) are unclear. The purpose of this qualitative pilot study was to explore both practitioner‐ and organization‐level ripple effects of EBMHIs implemented in a community‐based agency. We identified 4 categories of effects on practitioners (work roles and responsibilities, knowledge, thoughts and feelings, and behavior and communication) and 2 categories of effects on the organization (structure, programming). Findings suggest that it is possible to identify ripple effects through qualitative interviews. Implications for future research on mental health intervention effects are discussed.
PREVENTING SUBSTANCE USE AMONG NATIVE AMERICAN EARLY ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Lowe John , Liang Huigang , Henson Jim , Riggs Cheryl
Published: October 2016

The overall objective of this study was to examine the effects of an innovative culturally appropriate school‐based intervention. Cherokee Talking Circle (CTC), for the prevention of substance use among 100 Keetoowah‐Cherokee 6th graders as they transition to middle school. The impact of the CTC on substance use involvement (measured by the Global Assessment of Individual Needs – Quick) and Cherokee self‐reliance (measured by the Cherokee Self‐Reliance Questionnaire) was assessed using a two‐condition quasi‐experimental design, comparing the CTC to standard substance use education (SE). Findings from this study suggest that prevention from a cultural perspective is an obvious course of action against substance use among Native American early adolescents.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CIVIC ENGAGEMENT IN ADOLESCENCE: THE EFFECTS OF NEIGHBORHOOD, SCHOOL, FAMILY, AND PEER CONTEXTS
Authors: Rossi Giulia , Lenzi Michela , Sharkey Jill D. , Vieno Alessio , Santinello Massimo
Published: October 2016

Research on youth civic engagement has emphasized the importance of growing up in a civic context. We examined the relative influence of neighborhood characteristics (neighborhood opportunities and intergenerational closure), civic education at school, friends’ civic engagement, and parents’ civic engagement on civic attitudes and civic behaviors among youths. Participants were 403 11‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents randomly selected from the city register of a midsized city in Italy. The hierarchical regression analysis found that all analyzed contexts were related to adolescent civic engagement. In particular, intergenerational closure, friends’ civic engagement, and parents’ civic engagement were associated with both civic attitudes and civic behaviors. Findings highlighted the importance of considering multiple contexts to understand what factors are associated with youth civic engagement. We discuss ways that findings can be transmitted into further research and practice to address the multiple contexts in which youths are embedded and their relative influence on adolescent civic engagement.
On‐line approaches for the determination of residues and contaminants in complex samples
Authors: Fumes Bruno Henrique , Andrade Mariane Aissa , Franco Maraíssa Silva , Lanças Fernando Mauro
Published: October 2016

The determination of residues and contaminants in complex matrices such as in the case of food, environmental, and biological samples requires a combination of several steps to succeed in the aimed goal. At least three independent steps are integrated to provide the best available situation to deal with such matrices: (1) a sample preparation technique is employed to isolate the target compounds from the rest of the matrix; (2) a chromatographic (second) step further “purifies” the isolated compounds from the co‐extracted matrix interferences; (3) a spectroscopy‐based device acts as chromatographic detector (ideally containing a tandem high‐resolution mass analyzer) for the qualitative and quantitative analysis. These techniques can be operated in different modes including the off‐line and the on‐line modes. The present report focus the on‐line coupling techniques aiming the determination of analytes present in complex matrices. The fundamentals of these approaches as well as the most common set ups are presented and discussed, as well as a review on the recent applications of these two approaches to the fields of bioanalytical, environmental, and food analysis are critically discussed.
Simple and Rapid Bioink Jet Printing for Multiscale Cell Adhesion Islands
Authors: Mecozzi Laura , Gennari Oriella , Rega Romina , Battista Luigi , Ferraro Pietro , Grilli Simonetta
Published: October 2016

A simple and rapid process for multiscale printing of bioinks with dot widths ranging from hundreds of microns down to 0.5 μm is presented. The process makes use of spontaneous surface charges generated pyroelectrically that are able to draw little daughter droplets directly from the free meniscus of a mother drop through jetting (“p‐jet”), thus avoiding time‐consuming and expensive fabrication of microstructured nozzles. Multiscale can be easily achieved by modulating the parameters of the p‐jet process. Here, it is shown that the p‐jet allows us to print well‐defined adhesion islands where NIH‐3T3 fibroblasts are constrained to live into cluster configurations ranging from 20 down to single cell level. The proposed fabrication approach can be useful for high‐throughput studies on cell adhesion, cytoskeleton organization, and stem cell differentiation.

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Microwave‐Induced Poly(ionic liquid)/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Shape Memory Composites
Authors: Du Haiyan , Liu Xiaoxiao , Yu Yulong , Xu Yuyu , Wang Yonghong , Liang Zhenhai
Published: October 2016

Recently, different stimuli triggered shape memory polymer composites (SMPC) have received much research interest. However, most shape memory effects (SME) in polymer composites are mainly caused by introducing different functional inorganic fillers into polymer matrix. In the present work, the special structure of poly(ionic liquids), the heating effect of microwaves (MW), and the mechanism of SMPs are combined to design MW induced SMPC completely based on polymers, poly(ionic liquid)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PIL/PVA) polymer networks. PILs contain anion cation pairs, which have strong MW absorption capability due to their dielectric properties. Polymer composites absorb MW energy under irradiation and generate MW heating, which could provide the required energy for shape recovery. The functional ionic liquid monomer (MIL) styrene imidazole ([VBBI][BF4]) is synthesized and polymerized. Then, PIL is mixed into PVA solution, which is crosslinked with glutaraldehyde to form P[VBBI][BF4]/PVA polymer networks. 1H NMR is used to characterize the structure of the synthesized styrene imidazole ILM and PIL. A bending test is applied to quantitatively characterize SMEs, which are affected by the PIL content in the composites and the applied MW power output. The present work combines the advantages of microwaves with PILs, opening up an efficient and environmentally friendly field for SMPs.

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Does change in neuromuscular jitter predict or correlate with clinical change in MG?
Authors: Sanders Donald B. , Massey Janice M.
Published: October 2016

Introduction

The objective of this study was to determine if single‐fiber electromyography (SFEMG) jitter accurately reflects change in severity in myasthenia gravis (MG).

Methods

We reviewed jitter and outcome data from all MG patients in our clinic who had at least 2 jitter measurements in the extensor digitorum or frontalis muscle.

Results

Change in all parameters of jitter measured with SFEMG electrodes predicted clinical change with acceptable accuracy. Absolute and percentage change in mean value of consecutive interval differences were equally accurate in predicting clinical change and were more accurate than change in the proportion of fiber pairs with blocking or normal jitter.

Conclusions

Jitter is a sensitive measure of severity in MG and has a potential role as a biomarker in clinical trials and the clinic. Absolute or percentage change in mean jitter is the best jitter parameter to follow. The accuracy of change in jitter measured with other electrodes has yet to be determined. Muscle Nerve 56: 45–50, 2017.
Optimizing muscle selection for electromyography in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Babu Suma , Pioro Erik P , Li Jianbo , Li Yuebing
Published: October 2016

Introduction

We compared the yield of limb and thoracic paraspinal muscle examination for revealing lower motor neuron (LMN) dysfunction on electromyography (EMG) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods

A retrospective review of 354 patients with clinically definite or probable ALS was performed. Seventeen limb muscles and thoracic paraspinal muscles were evaluated for the presence of both active and chronic denervation.

Results

Distal limb muscles showed the highest electrodiagnostic sensitivities of LMN dysfunction in ALS regardless of onset region and diagnostic certainty at the time of diagnosis. Electrodiagnostic yield is higher in muscles from the onset limb. Noncontiguous spread of lower motor neuron degeneration is present in ALS. Optimally selected 6 upper and 5 lower extremity muscles yielded >98% of potential positive cervical or lumbosacral segments.

Conclusions

An algorithmic approach to needle EMG in ALS based on pretest probability of individual muscles optimizes electrodiagnostic yield, thus possibly minimizing test duration and patient discomfort. Muscle Nerve 56: 36–44, 2017.
The Cost of a Commute: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Osteoarthritis in New Kingdom Egypt
Authors: Austin A. E.
Published: October 2016

This article evaluates rates of osteoarthritis of the lower limb in human remains from Deir el‐Medina in order to compare the health of the residents of Deir el‐Medina with previous studies on other ancient Egyptian and Nubian populations. This study focuses on osteological observations from the commingled New Kingdom human remains documented during the 2012–2014 field seasons of the Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. This is the first publication of osteoarthritis for the human remains at Deir el‐Medina, a dataset which complements comparable populations at sites such as Amarna, Giza, and Tombos. It demonstrates that men in the village of Deir el‐Medina experienced significantly higher rates of osteoarthritis in the ankle and knee in comparison to women at Deir el‐Medina. Rates of osteoarthritis in the lower limb at Deir el‐Medina generally fall between workers' cemeteries and middle‐class or elite cemeteries.

This study also includes data from Deir el‐Medina's detailed textual record and intact landscape in order to determine how occupation influenced these higher rates of osteoarthritis. The duration, intensity, and frequency of the workmen's hikes are reconstructed based on the surrounding landscape and 42 texts recording work days. This study compares rates of osteoarthritis with these datasets in order to document how the strain, duration, and frequency of the workmen's hikes may have impacted overall rates of osteoarthritis. Consequently, data from the texts and landscape surrounding Deir el‐Medina not only corroborate osteoarthritis patterns, but offer detailed daily life activity which can be used as a comparison for broader studies on osteoarthritis in ancient and modern populations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of circular permutation on the structure and function of type 1 blue copper center in azurin
Authors: Yu Yang , Petrik Igor D. , Chacón Kelly N. , Hosseinzadeh Parisa , Chen Honghui , Blackburn Ninian J. , Lu Yi
Published: October 2016

Type 1 copper (T1Cu) proteins are electron transfer (ET) proteins involved in many important biological processes. While the effects of changing primary and secondary coordination spheres in the T1Cu ET function have been extensively studied, few report has explored the effect of the overall protein structural perturbation on active site configuration or reduction potential of the protein, even though the protein scaffold has been proposed to play a critical role in enforcing the entatic or “rack‐induced” state for ET functions. We herein report circular permutation of azurin by linking the N‐ and C‐termini and creating new termini in the loops between 1st and 2nd β strands or between 3rd and 4th β strands. Characterization by electronic absorption, electron paramagnetic spectroscopies, as well as crystallography and cyclic voltammetry revealed that, while the overall structure and the primary coordination sphere of the circular permutated azurins remain the same as those of native azurin, their reduction potentials increased by 18 and 124 mV over that of WTAz. Such increases in reduction potentials can be attributed to subtle differences in the hydrogen‐bonding network in secondary coordination sphere around the T1Cu center.
NFPA combustible dust standards—2016 update
Authors: Bershad Susan
Published: October 2016

Every year, destructive and deadly dust‐related fires and explosions affect a wide range of industries around the globe. In the United States alone, 50 combustible dust accidents occurred between 2008 and 2012. To manage the dust‐related fire, flash‐fire, and explosion hazards in industries that use dust collection and handling equipment, or have processes that may generate combustible dust, the NFPA has recently published NFPA 652, Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dust. This article provides an update of the NFPA combustible dust standards. Now that NFPA 652 has been published, this article reviews how the industry and commodity‐specific dust standards (NFPA 664: Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities, NFPA 654: Prevention of Fire and Explosion from the Manufacturing, Processing, and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids, NFPA 61: Prevention of Fires and Dust Explosions in Agricultural and Food Processing Facilities, NFPA 484: Combustible Metals, and NFPA 655: Standard for Prevention of Sulfur Fires and Explosion) interact with NFPA 652 to provide requirements for the protection of facilities with combustible dusts. An update is provided on the status of the commodity specific standards and how they are evolving to correlate with NFPA 652. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 36: 133–138, 2017
A variational formulation of geophysical fluid motion in non‐Eulerian coordinates
Authors: Dubos Thomas
Published: October 2016

Systematic methods to derive geophysical equations of motion possessing conservation laws for energy, momentum and potential vorticity have recently been developed. One approach is based on Hamilton's least action principle in Eulerian curvilinear coordinates and the other is based on the covariance upon time‐dependent changes of spatial coordinates. The variational approach unifies, facilitates and generalizes the formulation of a wide range of approximations. The covariant approach makes it straightforward to rewrite approximate equations of motion derived in a particular coordinate system in another coordinate system.

The variational approach encompasses models that, like the β‐plane and non‐traditional shallow‐atmosphere approximations, lack a global inertial frame, so that the resulting motion cannot be interpreted as Newtonian motion observed in a non‐inertial frame. It has been previously suggested that such models are not covariant.

In this work a covariant variational formulation is developed. As a consequence, it is shown that all models previously obtained by the variational approach are covariant upon time‐dependent changes of spatial coordinates.
A systematic review of cetothere baleen whales (Cetacea, Cetotheriidae) from the Late Miocene of Crimea and Caucasus, with a new genus
Authors: Gol'din Pavel , Startsev Dmitry
Published: October 2016

Nine taxa of Miocene baleen whales were described from the Black Sea region under the name Cetotherium before 1951, and a further four closely related species representing three genera have been added in recent years. This rich diversity requires taxonomic revision and ordering. Here, a new genus, Mithridatocetus, is described from the Tortonian of Crimea and Caucasus, with two species, M. eichwaldi and M. adygeicus (originally Kurdalagonus adygeicus); ‘Cetotherium’ mayeri (a nomen dubium) is also a member of this genus. In comparison with other Cetotheriinae, Mithridatocetus is distinguished by the autapomorphic shape of the tympanic bulla with the swollen main ridge, the lowered anterior portion of the involucrum and the oblique anterolateral margin; such synapomorphies, as a transversely narrow squamosal with the ventromedially oriented postglenoid process (shared with Eucetotherium), a squamosal cleft (shared with Kurdalagonus) and an oval surface of the compound posterior process of the tympanoperiotic on the posterolateral skull wall (shared with Brandtocetus); and a unique combination of a high neurocranium and a long and robust paroccipital process. The genus Kurdalagonus is redefined here as containing only one described species, K. mchedlidzei. Therefore, the group Cetotheriinae is now restricted to the latest Serravallian and Tortonian of the Eastern Paratethys and includes at least five genera: Cetotherium, Brandtocetus, Kurdalagonus, Mithridatocetus and Zygiocetus. In addition, ?Cetotherium priscum and C. incertum are considered to be nomina dubia; ‘Cetotherium’ klinderi and ‘Cetotherium’ pusillum require more complete specimens for reassessment; ‘Cetotherium’ maicopicum and Eucetotherium helmersenii require further research to identify their taxonomical affinities.
Multicompartment analysis of protein‐restricted phenylketonuric mice reveals amino acid imbalances in brain
Authors: Vogel Kara R. , Arning Erland , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Gibson K. Michael
Published: October 2016

Background

The mainstay of therapy for phenylketonuria (PKU) remains dietary protein restriction. Developmental and neurocognitive outcomes for patients, however, remain suboptimal. We tested the hypothesis that mice with PKU receiving protein‐restricted diets would reveal disruptions of brain amino acids that shed light on these neurocognitive deficits.

Method

Phenylalanine hydroxylase‐deficient (PKU) mice and parallel controls (both wild‐type and heterozygous) were fed custom diets containing 18, 6, and 4 % protein for 3 weeks, after which tissues (brain, liver, sera) were collected for amino acid analysis profiling.

Results

Phenylalanine (phe) was increased in all tissues (p < 0.0001) of PKU mice and improved with protein restriction. In sera, decreased tyrosine (p < 0.01) was corrected (defined as not significantly different from the level in control mice receiving 18 % chow) with protein restriction, whereas protein restriction significantly increased many other amino acids. A similar trend for increased amino acid levels with protein restriction was also observed in liver. In brain, the effects of protein restriction on large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) were variable, with some deficit correction (threonine, methionine, glutamine) and no correction of tyrosine under any dietary paradigm. Protein restriction (4 % diet) in PKU mice significantly decreased lysine, arginine, taurine, glutamate, asparagine, and serine which had been comparable to control mice under 18 % protein intake.

Conclusion

Depletion of taurine, glutamate, and serine in the brain of PKU mice with dietary protein restriction may provide new insight into neurocognitive deficits of PKU.
A Relational Approach to Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Forbes Shepherd Rowan , Browne Tamara Kayali , Warwick Linda
Published: October 2016

Ethical issues arise for genetic counselors when a client fails to disclose a genetic diagnosis of hereditary disease to family: they must consider the rights of the individual client to privacy and confidentiality as well as the rights of the family to know their genetic risk. Although considerable work has addressed issues of non‐disclosure from the client's perspective, there is a lack of qualitative research into how genetic counselors address this issue in practice. In this study, a qualitative approach was taken to investigate whether genetic counselors in Australia use a relational approach to encourage the disclosure of genetic information from hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) clients among family members; and if so, how they use it. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 genetic counselors from selected states across Australia. Data collection and analysis were guided by a basic iterative approach incorporating a hybrid methodology to thematic analysis. The findings provide indicative evidence of genetic counselors employing a relational approach in three escalating stages––covert, overt and authoritative––to encourage the disclosure of genetic information. The findings lend credence to the notion that genetic counselors envision a form of relational autonomy for their clients in the context of sharing genetic information, and they depart from individualistic conceptions of care/solely client‐centered counseling when addressing the needs of other family members to know their genetic status.
Surface Dilational Rheology, Foam, and Core Flow Properties of Alpha Olefin Sulfonate
Authors: Liu Hongsheng , Han Peihui , Sun Gang , Pan Feng , Li Bo , Wang Jingqin , Lv Changsen
Published: October 2016

The surface tension, surface dilational rheology, foaming and displacement flow properties of alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) with inorganic salts were studied. The foam composite index (FCI), which reflects foaming capacity and foam stability, is used to evaluate foam properties. It is found that sodium and calcium salts can lead to decreases in AOS surface tension, critical micelle concentration, and molecular area at the gas–liquid interface. Sodium ions reduce the surface dilational viscoelasticity (E) and FCI of AOS, while calcium ions can enhance theEof AOS and make the FCI of AOS reach a maximum. In the solution containing calcium and sodium ions, the FCI of AOS is improved. Crude oil reduces the FCI of AOS. Injection pressure and displacing efficiency of AOS alternating carbon dioxide (CO2) injection are higher than injections of water alternating with CO2or CO2alone in low permeability cores.