bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CASE Orientada a Objetos com Múltiplas Visões e Implementação Automática de Sistemas – MVCASE
Authors: Barrére Tathiana da Silva , Prado Antonio Francisco do , Bonafe Vitor César
Published: April 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma ferramenta CASE para especificação de requisitos de sistemas com múltiplas visões e implementação automática orientada a objetos, denominada MVCASE. A MVCASE é composta por uma ferramenta gráfica, denominada JavaRC, e por um sistema transformacional orientado a domínios, denominado Draco. A JavaRC dispõe de uma interface para edição gráfica e textual dos requisitos do sistema e de recursos para obtenção de múltiplas visões destes requisitos. O sistema Draco é responsável pela geração automática de código em linguagem executável e pela geração automática de bases de dados do sistema, partindo das especificações dos requisitos. A MVCASE também está integrada com uma ferramenta, denominada Visual Café dbDE, com recursos para programação visual das interfaces gráficas dos sistemas usando Frames ou Applets em java.
Reengenharia com Uso de Padrões de Projeto
Authors: Cagnin Maria Istela , Penteado Rosângela D. , Germano Fernão S. R. , Masiero Paulo C.
Published: April 2023

O processo de reengenharia de um sistema originalmente desenvolvido orientado a procedimentos em linguagem C foi conduzido com mudança de paradigma para orientação a objetos. Esse processo é precedido pela engenharia reversa orientada a objetos do sistema legado usando o método Fusion/RE. Foi também precedido por uma primeira fase em que é mantida a linguagem C, utilizando um processo de segmentação em que o código é reestruturado para atender a algumas características de orientação a objetos. Neste trabalho usa-se a linguagem Java e o Banco de Dados Relacional Sybase fazendo-se três variantes de implementação de acordo com os três modos alternativos sugeridos no padrão Persistent Layer. O padrão CRUD é usado para o projeto dessa camada de persistência. As operações do padrão CRUD são implementadas: nas classes da aplicação (primeiro modo); em classes específicas para cada classe da aplicação (segundo modo) e em uma classe Broker, que faz o mapeamento de qualquer tipo de objeto para o banco de dados relacional (terceiro modo). Modelos de objetos das diferentes implementações e exemplos de código fonte são incluídos no trabalho para ilustrar a efetividade da evolução alcançada com as três configurações. Essas são usadas para avaliar o processo de segmentação que resulta em uma implementação similar àquela obtida no primeiro modo sugerido para implementar o padrão Persistent Layer, pois a herança envolvida nela é praticamente restrita à assinatura nas classes abstratas. Isto é compatível com a falta de herança da linguagem C.
Reengenharia de Software para Plataformas Distribuídas Orientadas a Objetos
Authors: Jesus Elisângela Sato de , Fukuda Ana Paula , Prado Antonio Francisco do
Published: April 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma estratégia para Reengenharia de Software que reconstrói sistemas legados, tornando-os operacionais em novas plataforma de hardware e software. A partir do código fonte do sistema legado, é feita a sua reorganização segundo os princípios da orientação a objetos, usando técnicas da abordagem Fusion/RE. O código obtido é então transformado em especificações na linguagem de modelagem MDL. Estas especificações são importadas pela ferramenta CASE Rational Rose, obtendo-se o projeto orientado a objetos do sistema legado. Na ferramenta Rational Rose o engenheiro de software pode reprojetar o sistema, distribuindo seus objetos, utilizando técnicas do método Catalysis, para executar em uma arquitetura Cliente/Servidor. Após o reprojeto, o sistema orientado a objetos distribuído é persistido novamente em especificações na linguagem de modelagem MDL. Finalmente o sistema é reimplementado automaticamente, em uma linguagem orientada a objetos. Com o objetivo de explorar novas idéias na área de geradores de software, adotou-se o sistema transformacional Draco-PUC e a ferramenta Rational Rose como principais tecnologias deste projeto.
Geração Automática de Dados e Tratamento de Não Executabilidade no Teste Estrutural de Software
Authors: Bueno Paulo Marcos Siqueira , Jino Mario
Published: April 2023

A tool and techniques are presented for test data generation and infeasibility identification in structural software testing technique. The tool is based on: the Dynamic Technique; search using Genetic Algorithms; and reuse of solutions through Case-Based Reasoning. The objective is to automatically generate input data which execute complete paths in a program and identify path infeasibility when this is the case; this is done through the Potential Infeasibility Dynamic Identification Heuristic proposed. An experiment shows the validity of the developed solutions and the benefit of using the tool. Results attained indicate that, despite the general undecidability of the problems, partial solutions can be useful for software testing practice.
A Abordagem APSEE para Modelagem e Gerência de Recursos em Ambientes de Processos de Software
Authors: Reis Carla A. Lima , Reis Rodrigo Quites , Schlebbe Heribert , Nunes Daltro J.
Published: April 2023

Este artigo apresenta e discute a modelagem e gerência de recursos de apoio em um ambiente de gerência de processos de software (PSEE). Os PSEEs, tal como os sistemas de Workflow, coordenam tarefas que requerem recursos limitados. Todavia, a maioria dos modelos não permite a especificação precisa desses recursos, o que impede a análise e otimização da sua utilização. A abordagem APSEE é apresentada como contribuição neste tópico, através de um modelo de recursos, da integração do modelo a um PSEE existente e de um mecanismo de auxílio à instanciação de recursos para atividades de um processo. O artigo também discute aspectos da implementação do modelo proposto, além de comparações com trabalhos relacionados.
Analyzing Software Architecture Based on Statechart Semantics
Authors: Dias Marcio , Vieira Marlon , Richardson Debra
Published: April 2023

High assurance architecture-based and component-based software development relies fundamentally on the quality of the components of which a system is composed and their configuration. Analysis over those components and their integration as a system plays a key role in the software development process. This paper describes an approach to develop and assess architecture and component-based systems based on specifying software architecture augmented by statecharts representing component behavioral specifications. The approach is applied for the C2 style and associated ADL and is supported within a quality-focused environment, called Argus-I, which assist specification-based analysis and testing at both the component and architecture levels.
An Implementation Method for Distributed Object-Oriented Applications
Authors: Alves Vander , Borba Paulo
Published: April 2023

Distribution has become an essential non-functional requirement of most applications. The same application may be required to use different distribution platforms simultaneously or during its evolution. However, distributed applications are considerably more difficult to design, implement and test than centralized systems even with the same functionality. We present an implementation method which guides the progressive transformation of an initially centralized application into a distributed one. The method helps to tame the inherent complexity of distributed systems and makes tests more effective. Additionally, it relies on a design pattern promoting extensibility and reuse of other layers such as the user interface and the business layers.
ProReuso: Um Repositório de Componentes para Web Dirigido por um Processo de Reuso
Authors: Holanda Caroline Batista Spencer , Souza Clarissa Angélica de Almeida de , Melo Walcélio L.
Published: April 2023

Alcançar o máximo de qualidade, produtividade e eficiência no desenvolvimento de sistemas é um dos objetivos fundamentais da Engenharia de Software. O reuso de software de forma sistematizada, ou seja, direcionada para as metas do negócio, através de uma estratégia técnica e gerencial, torna possível a realização destes objetivos. Nesse contexto, um repositório, atuando como um mecanismo de armazenamento e recuperação, contribui para se alcançar as metas propostas. Objetivando o incentivo da prática do reuso de software nos processos de desenvolvimento e visando demostrar a sua viabilidade, é apresentado neste projeto um modelo de repositório para web, denominado ProReuso, onde é possível o armazenamento, a análise, a classificação e a recuperação contextualizada de componentes e documentos relativos ao processo de construção de softwares.
Estendendo a Estação TABA para a criação de Ambientes de Desenvolvimento de Software Orientados a Organização
Authors: Villela Karina , Santos Gleison , Gallota Cátia , Miranda Rodrigo , Negrão Roberta , Farias Luciana , Zlot Fabio , Barcelos Monalessa , Schneider Lilian , Mafra Sômulo , Salvador Beatriz G. , Oliveira Káthia , Travassos Guilherme H. , Rocha Ana Regina
Published: April 2023

Este artigo não possui resumo.
Avaliação de Processos de Software na Estação Taba
Authors: Gomes Augusto , Mafra Sômulo , Oliveira Kathia , Rocha Ana Regina
Published: April 2023

A melhoria do processo de software é um objetivo fundamental para as organizações e deve estar baseada em medições. Entretanto, definir, coletar e analisar um conjunto de métricas não é uma tarefa trivial. Neste artigo, descrevemos uma ferramenta capaz de apoiar a avaliação de processos de software. Esta ferramenta abrange desde a coleta dos dados para cada uma das métricas que serão utilizadas na avaliação do processo até a sugestão dos possíveis problemas que a equipe de desenvolvimento pode ter enfrentado no decorrer dos trabalhos.
Marketing im E-Sport
Authors: Klose Sonja , Schöber Timo
Published: April 2023

Warum kann es sich für Unternehmen lohnen, im E-Sport- Umfeld präsent zu sein? Gibt es Branchen, die besonders prädestiniert sind? Wie tickt die Zielgruppe, die hier erreicht wird? Und welche Tools und Kanäle eignen sich zur Vermarktung? Diese und weitere Fragen versuchen wir, in diesem Buch für Sie zu beantworten. Eingeflossen ist dabei nicht nur die Expertise der Autorin und des Autors, sondern auch diejenige von Expert:innen aus Unternehmen, Agenturen und Vereinen. Diese haben sich zu längeren Interviews bereit erklärt und uns damit wertvolle Einblicke in ihre Erfahrungen und Learnings gewährt. Die tiefer gehende Analyse der Interviews ergab, dass es für ein erfolgreiches Engagement von Unternehmen im E-Sport notwendig ist, ganz bestimmte Entwicklungen und Zusammenhänge zu verstehen und zu berücksichtigen. Daraus haben wir das 4C Framework für Marketing im E-Sport entwickelt, welches eine branchenunabhängige konzeptionelle Herangehensweise ermöglicht.
Comparing Effects of Rhythmic Breathing and Lidocaine Spray on Pain Intensity During Needle Insertion Into Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sadeghpour Marvi Houman , Baloochi Beydokhti Tahereh , Sajjadi Moosa , Khaleghimanesh Behruz
Published: April 2023

Background: Hemodialysis patients suffer from pain caused by needle insertion into the fistula site. Non-pharmacological methods may be associated with acceptable effects. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effects of two interventions on pain intensity during needle insertion into the arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This self-controlled, single-blind clinical trial was conducted on 54 hemodialysis subjects with arteriovenous fistula in Mashhad in 2021. In this regard, the patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to two groups (lidocaine spray and rhythmic breathing). In each group, pain intensity was assessed based on the visual analogue scale (VAS) before the intervention, followed by measuring the post-intervention pain intensity during three consecutive hemodialysis sessions every other day. Regarding the lidocaine spray group, two puffs of 10% lidocaine spray (20 mg) were sprayed on the needle insertion site five minutes before cannulation. However, the patients in another group took a long deep breath through the nose with three numbers, held their breath in the lungs for three numbers, and slowly exhaled through the mouth with three numbers two minutes before cannulation. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20, and Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, chi-squared, and paired t-tests were run. In this study, P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The results represented a significant decrease in the pain severity scores of both rhythmic breathing (P = 0.023) and lidocaine spray (P < 0.001) groups after the intervention. Moreover, a more significant difference was observed between pre-and post-intervention pain intensity scores in the group treated with lidocaine spray (1.16 ± 1.56) compared to the other group (0.508 ± 1.25). Conclusions: The lidocaine spray group had a larger difference in the pre-and post-intervention pain intensity scores than the rhythmic group; however, the difference was not significant. The rhythmic breathing can be used by nurses as a non-pharmacological method with low complications in hemodialysis departments because of declining pain.
FACTOR INFLUENCING THE MARKETABILITY OF GRADUATE: A CASE STUDY IN ISLAMIC SCIENCE UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA (USIM)
Authors:   National Defence University of Malaysia, Baker Rogis , Mohd Saudi Nur Surayya ,   National Defence University of Malaysia, Salleh Mohd Zaini ,   National Defence University of Malaysia, Mohamad Puzi Nur Fatinah Husna , Rozali Yusma Sharieza Izzati , Hai Liaw Jessica Ong ,   National Defence University of Malaysia, Mohamad Mohd Hamran ,   National Defence University of Malaysia
Published: April 2023

Today, graduate marketability is deteriorating. Some graduates from universities in the public sector can still not enter the employment market. This study was thus carried out on the elements which affect the marketability of graduates in Malaysia at the public university. Three hundred eighty graduate students from a public university were the participants in the research. The quantitative approach was applied in this study, descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The data gathered from the questionnaire are the medium for blasting over the Google Form platform. This study analysed data using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) Version 26. The analysis utilised included the descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation. The results have shown that the marketability of graduates has a tangible link to their personality and skills. Meanwhile, numerous regression analyses demonstrate that public university graduates' personalities, skills, and academics impact marketability. This research indicates that three key characteristics, personality, skills and academics, affect the marketability of graduate students. To prepare for job marketing, the graduate must be aware of the three variables highlighted in this research.
PERANG BETING MARAU 1849: KEMUNCAK KEPADA KONFLIK IBAN DAN RAJAH BROOKE
Authors: Kiyai @ Keai Gregory
Published: April 2023

Peristiwa Perang Beting Marau yang berlaku pada 31 Julai 1849 merupakan sebuah titik akhir kepada penentangan Iban dari Saribas dan Skrang terhadap kekuasaan Brooke di Sarawak. Biarpun selepas peristiwa tersebut, Rentap bersama-sama pengikutnya masih berjuang sampai ke akhir hayatnya. Walau bagaimanapun kekuasaan Brooke dalam meluaskan empayarnya di Sarawak tidak dapat dibendung oleh dua kumpulan etnik ini iaitu Iban dari Saribas dan Skrang yang merupakan kumpulan Iban yang terakhir tunduk akan kekuasaan Rajah putih tersebut. Persoalan kajian adalah melihat bagaimana hubungan masyarakat Iban dari Saribas dan Skrang dengan James Brooke yang sehingga akhirnya membawa kepada kemucak konflik Perang Beting Marau 1849. Penyelidikan ini adalah bersifat Sejarah iaitu memfokuskan kepada hubungan Brooke dan Iban dari Saribas dan Skrang berdasarkan penulisan lepas iaitu buku dan jurnal. Dapatan mendapati selepas berlakunya Perang Beting Marau pada 1849 telah mengubah landskap kebudayaan masyarakat Iban terutamanya budaya Ngayau dan penerapan agama Kristian dalam komuniti tersebut. Oleh itu, kertas kerja ini adalah sangat signifikan untuk melihat perspektif sejarah dari penulisan tempatan bagi membantu menyeimbangi penulisan yang bersifat colonial narratives.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Pemilihan Penolong Persalinan Pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Andini Hanny Yuli
Published: April 2023

Angka kematian ibu (AKI) merupakan salah satu indikator pembangunankesehatan di indinesia. Pertolongan persalinan oleh tenaga kesehatn menjadi sangat penting dalam upaya penurunan AKI. Cakupan pemilihan penolong persalinan oleh tenaga keshatan di desa Cihaurkuning belum mencapai 90%. Target desa ciahurkuning 80% tetapi yang tercapai hanya 63%.bTujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengetahuan ibu dalam memilih tenaga penolong persalinan di desa Cihaurkuning. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriftif kuantitatif adalah data yang diperoleh dari sampel populasi penelitian di analisis sesuai dengan metode statistik yang digunakan, populasi penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil dan sampel sebanyak 68 orang. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari data primer. Hasil penelitian yang memilih tenaga kesehatan sebagai penolong persalinan sebanyak 20 (46,5%) berada pada kelompok yang berpengetahuan kurang, tenaga kesehatan sebagai penolong persalinan dengan status umur tidak berisiko (20- 35 tahun) sebanyak 34 orang (66,7%), tenaga kesehatan berdasarkan pendapatan yang tertinggi yaitu kategori kurang sebanyak 7 orang (41,2%), Disarankan desa cihaurkuning agar meningkatkan cakupan penolong persalinan di tenaga kesehatan dan disetiap desa yang aksesnya jauh dari fasilitas kesehatan agar dibuat rumah tunggu kelahiran.
Utilização de corpora extraídos da webem um dicionário enciclopédico do novo coronavírus
Authors: Oliveira Ana Flávia Souto de , Piper Guilherme Hatwig , Gatti Chrystian Revelles
Published: April 2023

Neste trabalho, discutimos a compilação e o emprego de corpora no dicionário LEXICOVID-19. Com o software BootCaT, foram confeccionados corpora para três estágios do projeto. O AntConc e o Sketch Engine foram utilizados para análises. Inicialmente, o objetivo central da utilização dos corpora consistia na extração de exemplos e na complementação da lista de entradas. Após as análises, perceberam-se particularidades com relação às informações que poderiam ser extraídas, o que ampliou o uso dos corpora. Nossos resultados demonstram que, mesmo que o LEXICOVID-19 utilize corpus de forma complementar, a utilização de corpora enriqueceu as informações apresentadas pelo dicionário.
Türkiye’de Yaşayan Ve Devlet Okullarında Görevlendirilen Suriyeli Öğretmenlerin Okullarda Yaşadığı Sorunların İncelenmesi
Authors: Göl Dilek , Çelebiyılmaz Kamil
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmada 2011 yılı sonrasında Türkiye’ye göç etmiş olan Suriyeli Öğretmenlerin görevlendirildikleri devlet okullarında yaşadığı sorunlar incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı Suriyeli Öğretmenlerin görevlendirildikleri devlet okullarında özellikle iş hayatında yaşadığı sorunlar, avantajlar-dezavantajlar, Türk eğitim sistemine bakış açıları ve okullardaki kurum kültürüne etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma nicel araştırma türündeki ilişkisel bir taramadır. Araştırmada uygulanan veri toplama aracı olarak 5’li likert tipi ölçek kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 2017/2018 eğitim öğretim yılında Devlet okullarında görevlendirilen 99 Suriyeli öğretmen katılmıştır; bunlardan 62’si kadın ve 37’si erkekten oluşmaktadır. Anket Mersin’in Yenişehir ilçesine bağlı devlet okullarında görevlendirilen Suriyeli gönüllü eğiticilere gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak uygulanmıştır. Uygulamadan elde edilen veriler SPSS 25 istatistik programı ile analiz edilmiş ve Cronbach Alfa katsayısı olarak %92,5 değeri elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada betimsel istatistik tekniklerin yararlanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda t-testi, Anova testi, gibi analiz yöntemleri de uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Uygulama sonucunda göçmen eğiticilerin yaşadıkları sorunların başında ‘’göçmen kimliğine sahip olma’’ gelmektedir. Yapılan betimsel istatistiklerde 36 madde ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirme sonucunda göçmenler umduklarını bulamadıklarını ve yerli çalışma arkadaşları ile aynı şartlarda çalışmalarına rağmen ayrımcılık yapıldığını belirtmişlerdir. Yapılan t-testi ve anova testleri sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre yaşanan sorunların cinsiyete ya da yaşa göre farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir.
New record of rust disease caused by Puccinia oxalidis on Oxalis latifolia from
India
Authors: Verma Rajnish Kumar , Gautam Ajay Kumar , Singh Ankit , Avasthi Shubhi , Prasher Indu Bhushan , Nautiyal Mohan Chandra , Singh Harpreet
Published: April 2023

A severe rust infection was observed on the plantations of Oxalis corniculata (Oxalidaceae), commonly known as procumbent yellow sorrel, in Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh, and on O. latifolia, known as garden pink-sorrel, in Uttarakhand in northern India. Detailed morphological examination of the diseased leaf samples was conducted, which confirmed the identity of the pathogen as Puccinia oxalidis. Rust symptoms on the host plants, along with taxonomic account of the phytopathogen are detailed in this paper. A taxonomic key of Puccinia species reported from Oxalis species is provided to facilitate its identity. In addition to understand its global host range, a worldwide host distribution of P. oxalidis is provided. The present study is the first detailed taxonomic account of P. oxalidis on Oxalis corniculata from Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh in northern India. To the best of our knowledge, this is a new record of P. oxalidis from O. latifolia from India.
PENDIDIKAN APOLOGETIKA KRISTEN SEBAGAI JEMBATAN TERHADAP KEYAKINAN SAKSI YEHUWA
Authors: Ferianti Yuli
Published: April 2023

Abstrak: Meskipun sudah termasuk dalam salah satu agama yang diakui di Indonesia, pengajaran Saksi Yewuwa tetap menjadi pro dan kontra. Persoalan yang muncul adalah: Bagaimanakah metode doktrinasi Saksi Yehuwa? Bagaimanakah membangun pendidikan apologetika Kristen sebagai jembatan komunikasi Kristen terhadap para saksi Yehuwa?  Jawaban  adalah: Pertama, (1)  mereka yang sering menyebarkan doktrin-doktrin aliran mereka itu. Bahkan mereka gencar melakukan penginjilan-penginjilan di kota-kota besar maupun di pedalaman, yang lebih lagi yaitu bahkan mereka menginjili bukan hanya orang-orang di luar Kristen, mereka secara terang-terangan menginjili orang-orang Kristen baik di kota maupun di desa.  (2) dilihat dari luar, Organisasi saksi Yehova sepertinya dapat diartikan sebagai salah satu aliran Kristen. Mereka membaca Alkitab dan menghormati Yesus Kristus. Akan tetapi apabila diselidiki lebih lanjut, gerakan tersebut lebih tepat disebut sebagai suatu bidat dalam agama Kristen. Mereka tidak menerima Yesus sebagai penjelmaan Tuhan Allah, menolak paham Trinitas (Tritunggal) dan banyak lagi ajaran saksi Yehuwa yang secara umum ditolak oleh umat Kristen (termasuk umat Katolik). Kedua,  membangun pendidikan apologetika Kristen sebagai jembatan komunikasi Kristen terhadap para saksi Yehuwa perlu mengembangkan  adalah: apologetika sebagai Jembatan Komunikasi dan pendidikan Apologetika sebagai Jembatan Komunikasi. Abstract: Even though it is included in one of the recognized religions in Indonesia, Witness Yehuwa teachings are still pros and cons. The problem that arises is: What is the method of doctrine of Jehovah's Witnesses? How to build Christian apologetic education as a Christian communication bridge to Jehovah's witnesses? The answers are: First, (1) those who often spread the doctrines of their sect. In fact they are aggressively doing evangelism in big cities and in the interior, what is more, they even evangelize not only non-Christians, they openly evangelize Christians both in cities and in villages. (2) from the outside, the Jehovah's Witness Organization seems to be interpreted as a Christian sect. They read the Bible and respect Jesus Christ. However, if investigated further, the movement is more accurately described as a heresy in Christianity. They do not accept Jesus as the incarnation of God, reject the understanding of the Trinity (Trinity) and many other teachings of Jehovah's witnesses that are generally rejected by Christians (including Catholics). Second, building Christian apologetic education as a Christian communication bridge to Jehovah's witnesses needs to develop, namely: apologetics as a Communication Bridge and Apologetic education as a Communication Bridge.
SOLUSI ORANG TUA DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR ANAK SECARA DARING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Laana Darwis Lodowich
Published: April 2023

Abstrak: Orang tua memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam proses perkembangan anaknya, salah satunya adalah dalam proses belajar anak. Peran orang tua semakin terasa ketika pemerintah mewajibkan sekolah dari rumah (study from home). Adanya pandemi Covid-19 mengharuskan anak untuk belajar di rumah. Seluruh kegiatan belajar siswa dilaksanakan di rumah dengan bimbingan dari orang orang tua. Sehingga peranan orang tua dalam mendidik anak berada pada urutan pertama. Tujuan adalah menjawab persoalaan yang timbul sebagai berikut: Apa dampak pembelajaran daring bagi minat belajar anak? Apakah saja tantangan dalam meningkatkan minta belajar anak secara daring? Bagaimanakah solusi orang tua dalam meningkatkan minat belajar anak secara daring? Jawabannya adalah: (1) Kurangnya fasilitas, jenuh, belum terbiasa dengan system belajar jarak jauh (2) Menimbulkan dampak pengeluaran yang lebih besar,  orang tua  harus meluangkan lebih ekstra waktu kepada anak anak mendampingi belajar online, Orang tua harus membagi waktu antara mendampingi anak belajar dan menyelesaikan pekerjaanya, dan kesulitan yang dialami biasanya berasal dari dalam diri anak yang sulit untuk diajak dalam melaksanakan kegiatan belajar. (3) Orang tua memiliki peran sebagai guru di rumah, Orang tua sebagai fasilitator, Orang tua sebagai motivator dan Orang tua sebagai pengaruh atau director.
TANTANGAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DAN PEMBENTUKAN KEROHANIAN ANAK USIA DINI PADA ERA ABAD KE-21
Authors: Anting Yahya
Published: April 2023

Abstrak: Pada hakikat anak usia dini adalah individu yang unik dimana ia memiliki pola pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dalam aspek fisik, kognitif, sosioemosional, kreativitas, bahasa dan komunikasi yang khusus yang sesuai dengan tahapan yang sedang dilalui oleh anak tersebut. Persoalan yang timbul adalah: Bagaimanakah pembentukan kerohanian anak usia dini dapat dilakukan? Apakah kontribusi pendidikan agama Kristen dalam pembentukan kerohanian anak usia dini? Tantangan Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan pembentukan kerohanian anak usia dini pada abad ke-21. Jawabnya: (1) Pembentukan kerohanian anak usia dini dapat dilakukan melalui  Pendidikan Agama Kristen merupakan usaha pekerjaan antara Allah dengan manusia secara teratur, sistematis dan berkesinambungan. (2)  Kontribusi pendidikan agama Kristen dalam pembentukan kerohanian anak usia dini pada abad ke 21 adalah: (a) membina dan membentuk kerohanian anak sejak dari kecil. (b) perkembangan anak fisik dan psikologi anak. (c) tugas mendidik dan membentuk kerohanian anak usia dini adalah perintah Tuhan Yesus. (d) anak usia dini merupakan objek dari pembelajaran PAK. (e)  pendidikan merupakan suatu usaha yang dilakukan dengan sengaja dan terencana bertujuan agar anak didik dapat bertumbuh menjadi pribadi yang lebih. (f) peran orang tua dalam keluarga begitu penting karena lembaga pendidikan pertama anak ada di dalam keluarga. (g) terjadi membiasakan anak sejak kecil untuk berdoa di dalam nama Yesus, membaca, mengali dan mendengarkan Firman Tuhan, diajarkan saat teduh, diajak ke gereja, dan di dalam keluarga diadakan kebaktian keluarga setiap hari. (h)  orang tua harus mampu menjadi suatu teladan yang baik. (i) pendidikan Kristen harus mampu untuk memperkenalkan Allah kepada anak-anak lewat pembelajaran media yang sesuai. (j) pendidikan Kristen harus mampu mendekatkan anak kepada Tuhan. (k)  pendidikan Kristen berkontribusi untuk mentransformasi kehidupan anak.  (3) Tantangan Pendidikan Agama Kristen dalam pembentukan kerohanian anak usia dini pada abad ke-21 adalah: (a) bagi orang tua adalah menghadapi serangan dari semua paham filosofis humanistik sekuler. (b) bagi guru adalah filosofi pendidikan sekuler yang telah ditanamkan pada program-program pendidikan Kristen. (c) bagi hamba Tuhan adalah para pemimpin gerejawi hendaknya berpartisipasi secara aktif dengan cara merumuskan ulang filosofi pendidikan Kristen. (d) bagi anak usia dini adalah adalah tidak mungkin anak usia dini dapat menghadapi pertumbuhan kerohaniannya dengan kekuatan sendiri.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE CONCEPT MAPPING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR PADA MATERI JENIS-JENIS PEKERJAAN
Authors: Putra Resa Junias
Published: April 2023

The background of this research study is because of the low student learning outcomes, especially on the material types of work. This can be seen from the number of students who do not understand the material types of work. Many of the students are still confused about the type of work that produces goods and services. In fact, many of the students get low grades. Seeing this, the researchers tried to provide solutions to the student's problems by using the concept mapping method on the learning outcomes of fourth grade elementary school students regarding the types of work. This research is an experimental quantitative study with a posttest-only control design.This study used two classes, namely the experimental class and the control class with different treatments. This study aims to determine the effect of using the concept mapping method on the learning outcomes of fourth grade elementary school students regarding the types of work. The number of students in this study were all fourth grade students consisting of two classes, namely class IV B as the experimental class, totaling 29 students and class IV A as the control class, totaling 31 students, the total population was 60 students.The results of research using the concept mapping method on student learning outcomes in the subject of types of work indicate a change in the average score of students. The average score of the students in the experimental class given the concept mapping method was higher than the average score for the control class given the lecture treatment. This shows that the concept mapping method has an effect on the learning outcomes of fourth grade students.
PERAN DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN KECERDASAN INTELEKTUAL ANAK PESERTA DIDIK DI SMP SWASTA KRISTEN GAMELIEL DI PALU
Authors: Nainggolan Novina Fransisca
Published: April 2023

Abstrak: Guru merupakan salah satu orang yang mempunyai keahlian dalam meningkatkan kualiatas kecerdasan intelektual anak dalam menunjang pendidikan yang dilakukan melalui proses belajar mengajar dalam ruangan kelas.  Seorang guru harus mampu memperhatikan keadaan dan kemampuan peserta didiknya dengan tujuan memberikan edukasi kepada peserta didik untuk mengenal kemampuan anak didik, apakah anak didik mampu memahami materi yang disampaikan atau tidak oleh guru tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) meningkatkan kualitas kecerdasan intelektual anak, (2) meningkatkan kuantitas anak yang cerdas, dan (3) mendorong  anak yang kurang untuk lebih kreatif. Metode yang dilakukan peneliti adalah literatur serta pendapat-pendapat para ahli. Peneliti mengamati SMP Swasta Kristen Nemnemleu masih banyak anak didik yang kurang memiliki kecerdasan intelektual sehingga ketika guru mengajar tidak mengerti apa yang disampaikan guru di dalam ruangan kelas. Hal inilah yang menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab guru kepada peserta didik. Jadi peran dan tanggung jawab guru harus mampu menerima kelemahan dan kekurangan siswanya dan guru juga harus memeberikan motivasi dan semangat belajar kepada siswa yang kurang cerdas agar lebih semangat dan giat belajar.Abstract: The teacher is one person who has expertise in improving the quality of children's intellectual intelligence in supporting education which is carried out through the teaching and learning process in the classroom. A teacher must be able to pay attention to the circumstances and abilities of his students with the aim of providing education to students to recognize the abilities of students, whether students are able to understand the material presented or not by the teacher. This study aims to (1) improve the quality of children's intellectual intelligence, (2) increase the quantity of intelligent children, and (3) encourage less creative children. The method used by the researcher is the literature and the opinions of experts. The researcher observed that there were still many students at Nemnemleu Christian Private Junior High School who lacked intellectual intelligence so that when the teacher taught they did not understand what the teacher was saying in the classroom. This is the duty and responsibility of the teacher to the students. So the role and responsibility of the teacher must be able to accept the weaknesses and shortcomings of his students and the teacher must also provide motivation and enthusiasm for learning to students who are less intelligent so that they are more enthusiastic and active in learning.
KAJIAN CARA BERPIKIR PENDIDIKAN: MEMBENTUK ANAK DIDIK BERKUALITAS DIATAS KUANTITAS DI SEKOLAH DASAR BERDASARKAN SOLI DEO GLORIA
Authors: Prasetyaningsih Dwi
Published: April 2023

Pendidikan adalah pembelajaran pengetahuan, keterampilan dan kebiasaan sekelompok orang yang diturunkan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya melalui pengajaran, pelatihan, atau penelitian. Pendidikan sering terjadi dibawah bimbingan orang lain, tetapi memungkinkan secara otodidak (Wikipedia) Anak usia sekolah dasar adalah usia awal mereka mendapatkan Pendidikan dasar, baik akademik, karakter, budi pekerti. Dari sekolah dasar ini pula kita membangun pondasi ilmu pengetahuan mereka. Dan penelitian ini bertujuan bagaimana membentuk generasi atau anak didik yang berkualitas tidak hanya melihat jumlah nilai di raport tetapi juga karakter, etika serta moral dari anak didik. Kenapa sekolah dasar? Karena diusia sekolah dasar ini adalah masa transisi dan anak didik dimana mereka akan meninggalkan masa kanak-kanak dan akan memasuki masa praremaja. Hasil penelitian ini kita dapat belajar bersama bahwa hasil bukanlah hal utama, tetapi proseslah yang menjadi patokan untuk menentukan kualitas dari anak didik. Dimana anak-anak disekolah belajar untuk belajar menjalani proses untuk bisa mendapatkan hasil mereka juga dapat belajar bagaimana mereka bisa mengendalikan diri dan menaklukkan diri sendiri. Bisa menekan ego dan menumbuhkan rasa empati dan simpati kepada orang-orang disekitarnya. Dimana kasih, kepedulian, kesabaran dan kerja keras itu yang menjadi hal utama mereka.
Single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with surgically altered anatomy: a technical review
Authors: Tanisaka Yuki , Mizuide Masafumi , Fujita Akashi , Shiomi Rie , Shin Takahiro , Sugimoto Kei , Ryozawa Shomei
Published: April 2023

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with surgically altered anatomy is technically challenging. For example, scope insertion, selective cannulation, and intended procedures, such as stone extraction or stent placement, can be difficult. Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE)-assisted ERCP has been used to effectively and safely address these technical issues in clinical practice. However, the small working channel limits its therapeutic potential. To address this shortcoming, a short-type SBE (short SBE) with a working length of 152 cm and a channel of 3.2 mm diameter has recently been introduced. Short SBE facilitates the use of larger accessories to complete certain procedures, such as stone extraction or self-expandable metallic stent placement. Despite the development in the SBE endoscope, various steps have to be overcome to successfully perform such procedure. To improve success, the challenging factors of each procedure must be identified. At the same time, endoscopists need to be mindful of adverse events, such as perforation, which can arise due to adhesions specific to the surgically altered anatomy. This review discussed technical tips regarding SBE-assisted ERCP in patients with surgically altered anatomy to increase success and reduce the risk of adverse events associated with ERCP.
A short note on bioglass in Periodontics
Authors: Srinivasan Sruthi
Published: April 2023

Bone augmentation grafts may act as space-maintaining devices to allow coronal migration of periodontal progenitor cells. The ideal bone replacement graft should be able to trigger osteogenesis, cementogenesis and formation of a functional periodontal ligament. It has been theorized that bioactive glass, which is a ceramic has bioactive properties that guide and promote osteogenesis allowing rapid formation of bone. Bioactive glass consists of sodium and calcium salts, phosphates and silicon dioxide for dental applications. When this material comes into contact with tissue fluids, the surface of the particles becomes coated with hydroxy carbonate apatite, incorporates organic ground proteins such as chondroitin sulfate and glycosaminoglycans and attracts osteoblasts that rapidly form bone.
The severe presentation and poor outcomes of rheumatic heart disease in Namibia: Lessons from the REMEDY study
Authors: Auala T , Zühlke L , Sikwaya L , Du Toit H , Karthikeyan G , Teo K , Yusuf S , Engels M E , Mayosi B M , Hugo-Hamman C T
Published: April 2023

Background. This paper reports the baseline characteristics and outcomes of 266 Namibian patients in the Global Registry of Rheumatic Heart Disease.Objective. To describe clinical findings and outcomes in a cohort of children and adults with rheumatic heart disease in Namibia.Methods. Prospective study of all patients with rheumatic heart disease at Windhoek Central Hospital between January 2010 and November 2012.Results. A total of 266 patients were enrolled; median age was 22 years, 72.6% were <30 years old and 60.5% female. The majority (62.8%) had moderate-severe disease; 48.9% were in congestive cardiac failure. Secondary antibiotic prophylaxis was used by 34.2%. Warfarin was used by 75.3% (n=64/85) with clinical indications. Forty-seven (17.6%) had previous valve interventions, of whom 40 (15.0%) had mechanical valve replacements. Over a 2-year follow-up period 19.1% of patients died. Severe valve involvement at enrolment was independently associated with mortality (24.6% v. 5.1% in those without severe disease; hazard ratio 4.9; 95% confidence interval 1.50 - 15.98). Sixty-five (29.8%) of the 218 without previous intervention had valvular intervention after enrolment.Conclusions. In Namibia rheumatic heart disease affects young people who present with severe disease and have a high case fatality rate. Rates of secondary prevention were low. These findings have informed the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Namibia.
The impact of HIV co-infection on presentation and outcome in adults with tuberculous pericarditis: Findings from the IMPI trial
Authors: Gumedze F , Pandie S , Nachenga J B , Kerbelker Z , Francis V , Thabane L , Smieja M , Bosch J , Yusuf S , Ntsekhe M , Meintjes G , Mayosi B M
Published: April 2023

Background. Little is known about the impact of HIV infection on clinical presentation, complications, and morbid pericarditis-relatedoutcomes of tuberculous pericarditis and its predictors.Objective. To assess the impact of HIV infection on presentation and outcomes in the multicountry Investigation of the Management of Pericarditis (IMPI) randomised controlled trial of immunotherapy in tuberculous pericarditis conducted in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods. We compared clinical features and outcomes of 1 370 adult patients treated for tuberculous pericarditis (939 and 431 HIVinfected and uninfected, respectively) enrolled in the IMPI trial. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine independent predictors of outcomes of HIV-associated tuberculous pericarditis.Results. At presentation, HIV-infected (v. uninfected) patients were younger (median age 34.0 years v. 47.7 years), had lower body mass (mean weight 56 kg v. 60 kg), higher prevalence of tachycardia (58.5% v. 51.9%), hypotension (9.4% v. 3.9%), anaemia (65.9% v. 26.8%), and radiographic pulmonary infiltrates compatible with tuberculosis (35.4% v. 27.4%), but had lower rates of peripheral oedema (37.1% v. 48.3%). HIV-infected (v. uninfected) patients were less likely to develop constrictive pericarditis (4.1% v. 10.0% at 1 year, p<0.0001 (hazard ratio (HR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27 - 0.63, p<0.0001)). However, there was no difference in case fatality rate at 1 year (14.9% v. 12.2%, respectively, p=0.09; (HR 1.20, 95%CI 0.90 - 1.59, p=0.22)). Among HIV-infected patients, heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III - IV, low body mass, hypotension, and peripheral oedema were independently associated with death.Conclusion. HIV infection alters the cardiovascular presentation and reduces the incidence of constrictive pericarditis, but does notincrease case fatality. Mortality in HIV-infected patients is independently predicted by markers of pericardial and tuberculosis diseaseseverity.
Where Do I Go to Wait? Ethical Considerations During the 90 Day Reflection Period for MAiD
Authors: Disha Kesi , Bianchi Andria , Shanker Ruby , Lukich Nikolija
Published: April 2023

Canada’s Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) legislation changed in 2021; persons without a reasonably foreseeable natural death (RFND) could now be eligible for MAID and would have to wait at least 90 days before their intervention. This legislative change caused a new ethically complex question to arise, which we explore in this commentary, namely: Where should individuals without a RFND wait (for 90 days) in a publicly funded health system?
Allen Buchanan, Our Moral Fate (2020)
Authors: Calderini Guido
Published: April 2023

In debates surrounding the biomedical enhancement of human morality, it is widely believed that morality was evolutionarily shaped to be rigidly tribal. Allen Buchanan challenges this assumption by making the case that a plastic morality that responds to our environment would be evolutionarily favored, and thus the best way to shape human morality going forward would not be through biomedical interventions, but by designing better institutions.
Development and study of Chinese folk art of paper cutting
Authors: wang keying
Published: April 2023

As a type of Chinese folk art, jianzhi paper carving expresses not only people's spiritual life, but also their aspirations for a better life. Chinese paper carving art is filled with simple life wisdom and good wishes, and the figurative symbols contain unique artistic value and national traits. However, in today's multifaceted development, the traditional art of paper carving with a thousand years of history is gradually fading away. Traditional folk art represented by paper cutting has also begun to be introduced into new fields, not only in graphic design, but also in installation design of public spaces, showing its rich expressiveness and deep artistic value. This paper will examine the characteristics of traditional national paper carving, highlight cultural differences between Eastern and Western paper carving art, combine traditional folk art of paper carving with modern artistic expressions, analyse symbolic and emotional imagery and explore new ideas for the development and innovation of Chinese national art.
Spike-phase coupling patterns reveal laminar identity in primate cortex
Authors: Davis Zachary W , Dotson Nicholas M , Franken Tom P , Muller Lyle , Reynolds John H
Published: April 2023

The cortical column is one of the fundamental computational circuits in the brain. In order to understand the role neurons in different layers of this circuit play in cortical function it is necessary to identify the boundaries that separate the laminar compartments. While histological approaches can reveal ground truth they are not a practical means of identifying cortical layers in vivo. The gold standard for identifying laminar compartments in electrophysiological recordings is current-source density (CSD) analysis. However, laminar CSD analysis requires averaging across reliably evoked responses that target the input layer in cortex, which may be difficult to generate in less well-studied cortical regions. Further, the analysis can be susceptible to noise on individual channels resulting in errors in assigning laminar boundaries. Here, we have analyzed linear array recordings in multiple cortical areas in both the common marmoset and the rhesus macaque. We describe a pattern of laminar spike–field phase relationships that reliably identifies the transition between input and deep layers in cortical recordings from multiple cortical areas in two different non-human primate species. This measure corresponds well to estimates of the location of the input layer using CSDs, but does not require averaging or specific evoked activity. Laminar identity can be estimated rapidly with as little as a minute of ongoing data and is invariant to many experimental parameters. This method may serve to validate CSD measurements that might otherwise be unreliable or to estimate laminar boundaries when other methods are not practical.
Ancestral protein reconstruction reveals evolutionary events governing variation in Dicer helicase function
Authors: Aderounmu Adedeji M , Aruscavage P Joseph , Kolaczkowski Bryan , Bass Brenda L
Published: April 2023

Antiviral defense in ecdysozoan invertebrates requires Dicer with a helicase domain capable of ATP hydrolysis. But despite well-conserved ATPase motifs, human Dicer is incapable of ATP hydrolysis, consistent with a muted role in antiviral defense. To investigate this enigma, we used ancestral protein reconstruction to resurrect Dicer’s helicase in animals and trace the evolutionary trajectory of ATP hydrolysis. Biochemical assays indicated ancient Dicer possessed ATPase function, that like extant invertebrate Dicers, is stimulated by dsRNA. Analyses revealed that dsRNA stimulates ATPase activity by increasing ATP affinity, reflected in Michaelis constants. Deuterostome Dicer-1 ancestor, while exhibiting lower dsRNA affinity, retained some ATPase activity; importantly, ATPase activity was undetectable in the vertebrate Dicer-1 ancestor, which had even lower dsRNA affinity. Reverting residues in the ATP hydrolysis pocket was insufficient to rescue hydrolysis, but additional substitutions distant from the pocket rescued vertebrate Dicer-1’s ATPase function. Our work suggests Dicer lost ATPase function in the vertebrate ancestor due to loss of ATP affinity, involving motifs distant from the active site, important for coupling dsRNA binding to the active conformation. By competing with Dicer for viral dsRNA, RIG-I-like receptors important for interferon signaling may have allowed or actively caused loss of ATPase function.