bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Bio-Based Smart Edible Food Packaging Using Roselle Flower Extract and Eggshell Powder as Active Agents
Authors: Jati Ignasius Radix A.P. , Elaine Josephine , Setijawaty Erni , Utomo Adrianus Rulianto
Published: March 2024

Recent trends revealed smart edible film can improve safety and extend the shelf life of food packaged. Cassava starch, gelatine, glycerol, roselle flower extract, and eggshell powder can be used to produce bio-based smart edible film. This study aimed to develop a bio-based smart edible film using roselle flower extract and eggshell powder. In this research, A total of six treatment were used, which was cassava starch, gelatine, glycerol (CGG) as control; control + eggshell (CGGE); control + roselle extract 15 ppm (CGGR); control + eggshell + roselle extract (15 ppm) (CGGER15); control + eggshell + roselle extract 10 ppm (CGGER10); control + eggshell + roselle extract 5 ppm (CGGER5). Parameters examined included total phenol, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, tensile strength, elongation, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), the color of edible film, and color, aroma, and pH of chicken meat samples. The results showed that the addition of roselle flower extract and eggshell powder had a significant effect on the parameters measured. The smart edible film has a total phenol of 367.9814-526.0559 mg GAE/100 g sample, total anthocyanins of 1.9872–4.2457 mg cy-3-glueq/100 g sample, antioxidant activity of 40.5488-96.2946%, WVTR of 96.2412-149.6401g/m2/24 hours, tensile strength of 1.4020-13.0243 N/mm2, and percent elongation of 2.242-94.7725%. Based on the parameters measured the best treatment is the CCGER15. Moreover, the smart edible film can act as indicator for the steamed chicken during storage.
Early high-resolution millimeter-wave maps from ToITEC
Authors: Golec J. ,   The ToITEC Collaboration
Published: March 2024

TolTEC is a polarization-sensitive camera at millimeter wavelengths with unprecedented sensitivity and 5-10 arcsecond resolution in three photometric bands. TolTEC achieved first light on the 50-meter Large Millimeter Telescope in July 2022, just prior to a planned summer telescope maintenance shutdown, and began commissioning observations when the telescope resumed observations in December 2022. The commissioning program consisted of observations of targeted nebulae, molecular clouds, polarized quasars, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies. The goals of these observations include demonstrating the science capabilities of the camera and characterizing the performance and instrumental properties, including noise, beams, and polarization sensitivity in its three bands centered at 1.1, 1.4, and 2.0 mm |with angular resolutions of 5, 6, and 10 arcseconds, respectively.

We present early results from the commissioning observations of the Crab Nebula. Upcoming observations will include selected proposals from the broader astronomy community in Mexico and the United States, as well as legacy surveys focused on mapping galactic molecular clouds, cold dust emission in local galaxies, polarized dust emission in filaments around star-forming regions, massive galaxy clusters, and distant obscured star-forming galaxies.
The European Low Frequency Survey
Authors: Mennella A. , Arnold K. , Azzoni S. , Baccigalupi C. , Banday A. , Barreiro R.B. , Barron D. , Bersanelli M. , Casey S. , Colombo L. , de la Hoz E. , Franceschet C. , Jones M.E. , Genova-Santos R.T. , Hoyland R.J. , Lee A.T. , Martinez-Gonzalez E. , Montonati F. , Rubiño-Martin J.A. , Taylor A. , Vielva P.
Published: March 2024

In this paper we present the European Low Frequency Survey (ELFS), a project that will enable the detection of primordial B-mode polarization by measuring the Galactic and extra-Galactic foregrounds in the 5– 120 GHz frequency window. Indeed, the main difficulty in measuring the Bmode polarization comes not just from its sheer faintness, but from the fact that many other objects in the Universe also emit polarized microwaves, which mask the faint CMB signal. The first stage of this project will be carried out in synergy with the Simons Array (SA) collaboration, installing a 5.5–11 GHz coherent receiver at the focus of one of the three 3.5m SA telescopes in Atacama, Chile (“ELFS on SA”). The receiver will be equipped with a fully digital backend based on the latest Xilinx RF System-on-Chip devices that will provide frequency resolution of 1MHz across the whole observing band, allowing us to clean the scientific signal from unwanted radio frequency interference, particularly from low-Earth orbit satellite mega-constellations. This paper reviews the scientific motivation for ELFS and its instrumental characteristics, and provides an update on the development of ELFS on SA.
Multiple foreign body granulomas after mastectomy with intraoperative application of tissue adhesive vs. surgical drainage – sonographic finding
Authors: Alwafai Zaher , Lenz Franziska , Kohlmann Thomas , Flieger Carolin , Reichert Verena , Rutkowski Julia , Zygmunt Marek , Ohlinger Ralf
Published: March 2024

Purpose The use of tissue adhesive instead of a drain following mastectomy was a point of interest for many breast surgeons. Postoperative formation of multiple unusual sonographic lesions was observed in patients that underwent mastectomy with TissuGlu. The aim of this study was to describe the sonographic features of these lesions and, when possible, to examine them histologically.

Materials and Methods This study includes 98 patients, 49 underwent mastectomy with the application of TissuGlu and 49 with drain insertion. Unusual postoperative sonographic findings were thoroughly described. A histological examination was carried out according to the guideline recommendations.

Results Unusual sonographic findings were detected in 87.8% of patients in the TissuGlu group and in only 4% of the patients in the drain group. These lesions were detectable between 6 and 59 months postoperatively. 47 breasts of the TissuGlu group were classified as category 3, while only 2 breasts as category 4. Lesions were on average 7.5 mm in diameter, echogenic or isoechoic with posterior shadowing, an irregular and ill circumscribed marginal contour, and a horizontal axis. All histologically examined lesions (n=29) were benign. Granulomatous tissue was histologically proven in 63% of those lesions (n=17), while residual adhesive material could be detected in 18.5% of lesions (n=5).

Conclusion The use of TissuGlu adhesive after mastectomy may cause the formation of unusual palpable granulomas, with or without residual adhesive materials. Sonographic description of lesions will help physicians to differentiate between granulomas and local relapse.
Climate in the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the First Half
19th Century: The Case of Frederic Chopin
Authors: Berezutskyi Volodymyr , Berezutska Maryna
Published: March 2024

Background The famous Polish composer Frederic Chopin (1810–1849) suffered
almost all his short life from pulmonary tuberculosis. Physical treatment and
climate therapy are the only aspect of Chopin’s disease history that has not yet
been thoroughly studied. The etiology of tuberculosis in Chopin’s time was not
yet known, so physical means and changes in climate in the first half of the
19th century were the most important part of the physicians’
therapeutic arsenal in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Objectives are
to study the use of physical methods and climate therapy in the treatment of
Frederic Chopin.

Methods Scopus, WoS, MedLine, and PubMed data-bases, electronic archives
were searched without time restriction for information on the use of physical
methods and climate therapy in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in the
first half of the 19th century in Europe. The analysis was also made
of Chopin’s letters and the work of his most respected biographers in order to
identify information about physical therapy in his treatment.

Results Chopin’s disease had been actively progressing since 1835.
According to the proper 19th-century tuberculosis treatment plan
which was set out in the treatises of prominent European physicians, Chopin was
treated with physical means: blister plasters, cupping, creosote inhalations,
sulfur baths, opium and belladonna plasters. Changing the climate in winter
(southern France or Italy) was also a standard recommendation. In October 1838,
Chopin, who was still recovering from another seasonal exacerbation of pulmonary
tuberculosis, took a trip to Mallorca, where he spent the winter.

Conclusions Chopin had the advanced stage of consumption, which was already
regarded at that time as a contraindication to climate change. The destination
was also unsuitable for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: winter climate of
Majorca, characterized by high humidity and strong winds, negatively affected
Chopin’s health. The disease was manifested by fever, hemoptysis, shortness of
breath and exhaustion, which indicated tuberculosis intoxication and destruction
of lung tissue. Chopin’s trip to Majorca 1838/1839 will forever go down in the
history of climate therapy as an example of the negative consequences of
ignoring contraindications to climate change.
Perceptions and Understanding of Transgender Patient Care: A Survey of Practicing Facial Plastic Surgeons
Authors: Swonke Megan L. , Brissett Anthony E. , Khan Najm S. , Kain Joshua J. , Bressler Fred J. , Malik Amina I. , Syed Tariq A. , Sturm Angela K.
Published: March 2024

Transgender individuals face significant health disparities including deficiencies in physician education, knowledge, and comfort with care. The objective of this study was to determine the perceptions, practice patterns, and familiarity of facial plastic surgeons with transgender health care. An anonymous questionnaire was sent to facial plastic surgeons within the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery list-serve. Primary datapoints included participant characteristics, transgender-related experience, and educational goals. Of the 66 facial plastic surgeons surveyed, 49% had treated 1 to 10 transgender patients during their career, and 70% were actively treating at least 1 transgender patient. The number of patients treated and surgeries performed was significantly associated with self-perceived competence, comfort counseling on gender-affirming surgeries, discussing gender identity, asking preferred pronouns, and a desire to learn more about transgender care. Most participants (61%) obtained transgender care training through real-world experience, with only 18% receiving formal training in residency or fellowship. In total, 50% of respondents believe transgender care training among facial plastic surgeons is inadequate and 60% support its incorporation into residency/fellowship curricula. Increased awareness is needed to address the disparities experienced by transgender patients. Many facial plastic surgeons desire to learn more and support incorporating transgender care into training. Understanding the current state of transgender care can assist the facial plastic community in promoting education that strengthens physicians' ability to deliver competent care that addresses the inequities faced by this diverse group.
Synthesis of 4,5-Disubstituted Methyl 1H-Pyrrole-2-carboxylates from 3-Chloroacrylaldehydes and Hippuric Acid
Authors: Fisyuk Alexander S. , Samsonenko Anna L. , Kostyuchenko Anastasia S. , Zheleznova Tatyana Yu. , Shuvalov Vladislav Yu. , Uliankin Evgenii B. , Shatsauskas Anton L.
Published: March 2024

The Vilsmeier–Haack reaction of ketones with DMF and POCl3­ produced 3-chloroacrylcarbaldehydes, which were converted into the corresponding (Z)-4-[(Z)- or (Z)-4-[(E)-3-chloroallylidene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-ones] (azlactones) or their isomeric mixtures when heated with hippuric acid in propionic anhydride. It was shown that the alcoholysis products of these compounds, resulting from the opening of the oxazolone ring, undergo copper-catalyzed intramolecular cross-coupling reactions with the formation of methyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates. Thus, a one-pot method was developed for the synthesis of methyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates starting from 4-(3-chloroallylidene)-2-phenyloxazol-5(4H)-ones.
Denitrative Sulfonylation of Nitroarenes with Sodium Sulfinates
Authors: Da Luz Jonathan , Čierna Michaela , Cooper Bradley D. , Harris Thomas D. , Lim Ethan R. X. , Carney Jonathan R. , James Michael J.
Published: March 2024

A one-step method to convert nitroarenes into aryl sulfones under operationally simple, transition-metal-free conditions is described. A range of nitroarenes were reacted with sodium sulfinates and caesium carbonate in N,N′-dimethylpropyleneurea to afford aryl sulfones in up to 83% yield.
Assessment of Tracheostomy Tube Placement and Late Change Practices in an Academic Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Daou Christophe Abi Zeid , Chahine Elsa Maria , Barazi Randa
Published: March 2024

Introduction The optimal time for tracheostomy changes is unknown. Most surgeons opt to wait until five to seven days postoperatively, while more recent studies suggest that changes occurring as early as two to three days postoperatively are also safe.

Objective To evaluate the safety of changing the tracheostomy tube later than 14 days postoperatively.

Methods The charts of patients who underwent tracheostomy placement and change at a tertiary care center from 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed, and the subjects were divided into 2 cohorts (late and very late), depending on the time of the first tracheostomy change.

Results The study included 198 patients, 53 of whom aged between 0 and 18 years, and 145, aged > 18 years. The time until the first tracheostomy change was on average of 131.1 days. The most common indication for tracheostomy tube placement was prolonged intubation. Adverse events were observed in 30.8% of the cases (the most common being the formation of granulation tissue), a rate that does not differ much from the incidence reported in the literature (of 34% to 77%) when tracheostomy tubes are changed as early as 3 to 7 days postoperatively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between patients undergoing late and very late changes (p = 0.688), or between pediatric and adult subjects (p = 0.36). There were no significant correlations regarding the time of the first or second change and the incidence of complications (r = −0.014; p = 0.84 for the first change; and r = −0.57; p = 0.64 for the second change).

Conclusion The late first tracheostomy tube change was safe and could save resources and decrease the financial burden of frequent changes. It is always crucial to provide adequate information about home tracheostomy care for patients.
Overview of Tendinopathy, Peripheral Neuropathy, Aortic Aneurysm, and Hypoglycemia Caused by Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Balasubramanian Rajkapoor , Maideen Naina Mohamed Pakkir , Narayanaswamy Harikrishnan
Published: March 2024

Background Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are widely used in the management of several bacterial infections including urinary tract infections (UTIs), upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), skin and soft tissue, gastrointestinal tract infections (GITIs), and many other infections.

Objective This review article focuses on some serious side effects notified by United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in different warning statements.

Methods The literature was searched, in databases such as Medline/PubMed/PMC, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Ebsco, Scopus, Web of science, Embase, and reference lists to identify publications relevant to the serious side effects associated with the use of FQs.

Results Several epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have documented the occurrence of serious side effects of FQs including tendinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, aortic aneurysm/dissection, hypoglycemia, QT prolongation, retinal detachment, and worsening of myasthenia gravis.

Conclusion The clinicians should be aware of serious side effects of FQs. The US FDA and European Medicines Agency recommend against the use of FQs as first-line therapies to treat infections such as acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis, and uncomplicated UTIs, as the risks outweigh the benefits. The risk of incidence of serious side effects of FQs is higher among patients with advanced age, renal insufficiency, and certain concomitant medications. To avoid occurrence of any serious side effects of FQs, the clinicians should prefer non-FQ antibacterial drugs to manage uncomplicated UTIs, respiratory tract infections, and other infections for which alternatives available.
Sublingual Nitroglycerine Spray Facilitates Efficient Submucosal Tunneling during Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy—A Nonrandomized Trial
Authors: Sharma Kapil , Sharma Mamta , Rasheed Faisal , Wani Bilal , Goel Vasudha
Published: March 2024

Introduction In the last one decade, per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been found to be an effective minimally invasive approach for the treatment of esophageal achalasia cardia and was lately shown to be noninferior to laparoscopic Heller's myotomy in a randomized controlled trial.

Here we describe a new method of using sublingual nitroglycerine spray during submucosal tunneling to facilitate the procedure.

Materials and Methods This study includes a cohort of 50 patients who were diagnosed with achalasia cardia on high-resolution esophageal manometry. Out of the 50 patients, 27 patients were administered two metered doses of sublingual nitroglycerine spray during submucosal tunneling across the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ), and 23 patients were not administered nitroglycerine. This process was nonrandomized; patients were assigned sublingual nitroglycerine using alternating sequence enrollment number.

Results All the procedures were technically feasible and successful without any major complications. Eckhardt's scores of all patients normalized after the procedure. The mean submucosal tunneling time and mean time across GEJ were 36.8 ± 7.9, 14.2 ± 2.9 in intervention group (sublingual nitroglycerine), and 50.2 ± 8.9 and 23.0 ± 3.6 minutes in nonintervention group, respectively. Time for each procedure was significantly less (p < 0.05) in patients who were given sublingual nitroglycerine. Mucosal injury and bleeding during procedure were not significantly different in the two groups.

Conclusion This POEM technique with the use of sublingual nitroglycerine spray is simple and renders POEM easier and less time consuming.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-related Lung Disease
Authors: Bendstrup Elisabeth , Lynn Evelyn , Troldborg Anne
Published: March 2024

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted, multisystem autoimmune disorder with diverse clinical expressions. While prevalence reports vary widely, pulmonary involvement accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in SLE. This comprehensive review explores the spectrum of pulmonary disease in SLE, including upper airway manifestations (e.g., laryngeal affection), lower airway conditions (e.g., bronchitis, bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis), parenchymal diseases (e.g., interstitial lung disease, acute lupus pneumonitis, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage), pleural diseases (e.g., serositis, shrinking lung syndrome), and vascular diseases (e.g., pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary embolism, acute reversible hypoxemia syndrome). We discuss diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and prognosis for each pulmonary manifestation. With diagnostics remaining a challenge and with the absence of standardized treatment guidelines, we emphasize the need for evidence-based guidelines to optimize patient care and improve outcomes in this complex disease.
Approach to Pulmonary Nodules in Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Gaffney Brian , Murphy David J.
Published: March 2024

The assessment of pulmonary nodules is a common and often challenging clinical scenario. This evaluation becomes even more complex in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTDs), as a range of disease-related factors must also be taken into account. These diseases are characterized by immune-mediated chronic inflammation, leading to tissue damage, collagen deposition, and subsequent organ dysfunction. A thorough examination of nodule features in these patients is required, incorporating anatomic and functional information, along with patient demographics, clinical factors, and disease-specific knowledge. This integrated approach is vital for effective risk stratification and precise diagnosis. This review article addresses specific CTD-related factors that should be taken into account when evaluating pulmonary nodules in this patient group.
Mapping the Anatomy of the Human Lymphatic System
Authors: Bustos Valeria P. , Wang Robin , Pardo Jaime , Boppana Avinash , Weber Griffin , Itkin Max , Singhal Dhruv
Published: March 2024

Background While substantial anatomical study has been pursued throughout the human body, anatomical study of the human lymphatic system remains in its infancy. For microsurgeons specializing in lymphatic surgery, a better command of lymphatic anatomy is needed to further our ability to offer surgical interventions with precision. In an effort to facilitate the dissemination and advancement of human lymphatic anatomy knowledge, our teams worked together to create a map. The aim of this paper is to present our experience in mapping the anatomy of the human lymphatic system.

Methods Three steps were followed to develop a modern map of the human lymphatic system: (1) identifying our source material, which was “Anatomy of the human lymphatic system,” published by Rouvière and Tobias (1938), (2) choosing a modern platform, the Miro Mind Map software, to integrate the source material, and (3) transitioning our modern platform into The Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP).

Results The map of lymphatic anatomy based on the Rouvière textbook contained over 900 data points. Specifically, the map contained 404 channels, pathways, or trunks and 309 lymph node groups. Additionally, lymphatic drainage from 165 distinct anatomical regions were identified and integrated into the map. The map is being integrated into HuBMAP by creating a standard data format called an Anatomical Structures, Cell Types, plus Biomarkers table for the lymphatic vasculature, which is currently in the process of construction.

Conclusion Through a collaborative effort, we have developed a unified and centralized source for lymphatic anatomy knowledge available to the entire scientific community. We believe this resource will ultimately advance our knowledge of human lymphatic anatomy while simultaneously highlighting gaps for future research. Advancements in lymphatic anatomy knowledge will be critical for lymphatic surgeons to further refine surgical indications and operative approaches.
Genome Sequencing for Cases Unsolved by Exome Sequencing: Identifying a Single-Exon Deletion in TBCK in a Case from 30 Years Ago
Authors: Jacob Maureen , Brugger Melanie , Andres Stephanie , Wagner Matias , Graf Elisabeth , Berutti Riccardo , Tilch Erik , Pavlov Martin , Mayerhanser Katharina , Hoefele Julia , Meitinger Thomas , Winkelmann Juliane , Brunet Theresa
Published: March 2024

In patients with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), exome sequencing (ES), the diagnostic gold standard, reveals an underlying monogenic condition in only approximately 40% of cases. We report the case of a female patient with profound NDD who died 30 years ago at the age of 3 years and for whom genome sequencing (GS) now identified a single-exon deletion in TBCK previously missed by ExomeDepth, the copy number variation (CNV) detection algorithm in ES.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from frozen muscle tissue of the index patient and the parents' blood. Genome data were analyzed for structural variants and single nucleotide variants (SUVs)/indels as part of the Bavarian Genomes consortium project.

Biallelic variants in TBCK, which are linked to the autosomal recessive disorder TBCK syndrome, were detected in the affected individual: a novel frameshift variant and a deletion of exon 23, previously established as common but underrecognized pathogenic variant in individuals with TBCK syndrome. While in the foregoing ES analysis, calling algorithms for (SNVs)/indels were able to identify the frameshift variant, ExomeDepth failed to call the intragenic deletion.

Our case illustrates the added value of GS for the detection of single-exon deletions for which calling from ES data remains challenging and confirms that the deletion of exon 23 in TBCK may be underdiagnosed in patients with NDDs. Furthermore, it shows the importance of “molecular or genetic autopsy” allowing genetic risk counseling for family members as well as the end of a diagnostic odyssey of 30 years.
Unusual Cause of Hemobilia
Authors: Rather Majid Khalil , Shah Nisar A. , Muzafar Mir Mohamad , Shah Asif Iqbal , Kadla Showkat Ahmad
Published: March 2024

Hemobilia is one of the rare causes of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Causes of hemobilia vary from benign lesions, malignant tumors, to vascular causes. Rupture of a hepatic artery aneurysm into common bile duct is rarely encountered in clinical practice, and sometimes can be very tricky to diagnose if the clinician is not aware of this cause of GI bleeding. We diagnosed a young female who has had a recent gallbladder surgery and presented with a massive upper GI bleeding. She was managed with coil embolization of the right hepatic artery.
Foreign policy strategies of Nepal between China and India: bandwagon or hedging
Authors: Johny Eby
Published: March 2024

Nepal, a landlocked country situated between two nuclear states, has found bandwagoning with either China or India to be an impractical option. In the current scenario, Nepal has opted for a trend of hedging with both neighbors while adhering to a non-alignment foreign policy. Nepal aims to seek economic and infrastructure development opportunities from Beijing through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative, which could help overcome geopolitical challenges. However, India is concerned about Nepal's growing relations with China, viewing it as a significant threat to India's interests in Nepal. Nepal remains committed to the principles of non-alignment in its foreign policy objectives. India perceives Nepal's current trend of hedging as a potential path toward future bandwagoning with China, given China's superior capabilities compared to India.
Old age is also a time for change: trends in news intermediary preferences among internet users in Canada and Spain
Authors: Rosales Andrea , Fernández-Ardèvol Mireia , Gómez-León Madelin , Jacobetty Pedro
Published: March 2024

The social distancing imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic accelerated the digitalisation of societies, which also influenced habits related to the consumption and dissemination of news. In this context, older individuals are often blamed for contributing to disinformation, which is associated with the echo chambers fostered by social media. Mass media, social media and personal communication tools act as mass, social or personal intermediaries when it comes to keeping up to date with the news. This paper analyses the preferred intermediaries of older online adults (aged 60 and over) for following the news and how they change over time. We analysed two waves of an online survey-based longitudinal study conducted in Canada and Spain, before Covid-19 pandemic (2016/17), and during Covid-19 (in 2020). We found that most participants exclusively use mass intermediaries or combine mass with social and personal intermediaries to keep abreast of the news. However, only 28% of respondents inform themselves exclusively through the alleged echo chambers of social and personal intermediaries. Results also show that media ecologies evolve in different directions, and, despite the forced digitalisation driven by the pandemic, digital media usage did not always increase or evolve towards newer technologies. This paper contributes to understanding the diverse intermediaries used by older adults to obtain news and how such media ecologies can contribute to contrasting different sources of information beyond the alleged echo chambers of social media.
A diary study investigating the differential impacts of Instagram content on youths’ body image
Authors: Glaser Hannah C. , Jansma Sikke R. , Scholten Hanneke
Published: March 2024

Through social media like Instagram, users are constantly exposed to “perfect” lives and thin-ideal bodies. Research in this field has predominantly focused on the time youth spend on Instagram and the effects on their body image, oftentimes uncovering negative effects. Little research has been done on the root of the influence: the consumed content itself. Hence, this study aims to qualitatively uncover the types of content that trigger youths’ body image. Using a diary study, 28 youth (Mage = 21.86; 79% female) reported 140 influential body image Instagram posts over five days, uncovering trigger points and providing their motivations, emotions, and impacts on body image. Based on these posts, four content categories were distinguished: Thin Ideal, Body Positivity, Fitness, and Lifestyle. These different content types seemed to trigger different emotions regarding body image, and gender distinctions in content could be noticed. The study increased youths’ awareness of Instagram’s influence on their mood and body perception. The findings imply that the discussion about the effects of social media on body image should be nuanced, taking into account different types of content and users. Using this information, future interventions could focus on the conscious use of social media rather than merely limiting its use.
The ideal wavelength for daylight free-space quantum key distribution
Authors: Abasifard Mostafa , Cholsuk Chanaprom , Pousa Roberto G. , Kumar Anand , Zand Ashkan , Riel Thomas , Oi Daniel K. L. , Vogl Tobias
Published: March 2024

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has matured in recent years from laboratory proof-of-principle demonstrations to commercially available systems. One of the major bottlenecks is the limited communication distance in fiber networks due to the exponential signal damping. To bridge intercontinental distances, low Earth orbit satellites transmitting quantum signals over the atmosphere can be used. These free-space links, however, can only operate during the night, as the sunlight otherwise saturates the detectors used to measure the quantum states. For applying QKD in a global quantum internet with continuous availability and high data rates, operation during daylight is required. In this work, we model a satellite-to-ground quantum channel for different quantum light sources to identify the optimal wavelength for free-space QKD under ambient conditions. Daylight quantum communication is possible within the Fraunhofer lines or in the near-infrared spectrum, where the intrinsic background from the sun is comparably low. The highest annual secret key length considering the finite key effect is achievable at the Hα Fraunhofer line. More importantly, we provide the fundamental model that can be adapted, in general, to any other specific link scenario taking into account the required modifications. We also propose a true single-photon source based on a color center in hexagonal boron nitride coupled to a microresonator that can implement such a scheme. Our results can also be applied in roof-to-roof scenarios and are, therefore, relevant for near-future quantum networks.
Hollow cathode discharge instability onset in electric thrusters
Authors: Scott Audrey P. , Goebel Dan M.
Published: March 2024

Hollow cathodes are an integral part of ion, and Hall thrusters are used for electric propulsion in deep space missions and in commercial communications satellites. Hollow cathodes are known to operate in a quiescent “spot mode” and in a noisy “plume mode” in which plasma instabilities generate erosive energetic ions. The onset of the plume mode in hollow cathodes has been defined historically as when the keeper voltage oscillation values exceed 5 Vpp (peak-to-peak). Using a LaB6 hollow cathode in a vacuum chamber setup that simulates operation in ion and Hall thrusters, a set of emissive and Langmuir probes have been used to investigate the plasma properties associated with plume mode onset as a function of discharge current and gas flow rate. We find that the plume mode onset occurs at even less than 2 Vpp of the keeper voltage for the 5–75 A hollow cathode investigated here and starts at higher gas flow rates than expected from the traditional 5 Vpp metric used by those in the field. Mode competition and coupling between three different instabilities observed in the near-cathode plume affect the overall plasma oscillation levels that are correlated to energetic ion production. We find that the plasma oscillation levels measured by in situ plasma diagnostics are more indicative of the presence of oscillations and the generation of energetic ions than indirect keeper voltage measurements.
Ultrarelativistic electron beams accelerated by terawatt scalable kHz laser
Authors: Lazzarini C. M. , Grittani G. M. , Valenta P. , Zymak I. , Antipenkov R. , Chaulagain U. , Goncalves L. V. N. , Grenfell A. , Lamač M. , Lorenz S. , Nevrkla M. , Špaček A. , Šobr V. , Szuba W. , Bakule P. , Korn G. , Bulanov S. V.
Published: March 2024

We show the laser-driven acceleration of unprecedented, collimated (2 mrad divergence), and quasi-monoenergetic (25% energy spread) electron beams with energy up to 50 MeV at 1 kHz repetition rate. The laser driver is a multi-cycle (15 fs) 1 kHz optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system, operating at 26 mJ (1.7 TW). The scalability of the driver laser technology and the electron beams reported in this work pave the way toward developing high-brilliance x-ray sources for medical imaging and innovative devices for brain cancer treatment and represent a step toward the realization of a kHz GeV electron beamline.
Unconventional magnetotransport properties of two-dimensional ferromagnet Fe5GeTe2
Authors: Ding Jin-min , Luo Zi-yan , Guo Jun-jie , Yang Yu-meng , Nie Yao-zhuang , Xia Qing-lin , Sun Jian , Guo Guang-hua
Published: March 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals FexGeTe2 metallic ferromagnets have Curie temperature near or even higher than room temperature, showing great prospects in the field of spintronics. Here, we study the magnetotransport properties of Fe5GeTe2 nanoflakes. Multiple sign changes of angle-dependent magnetoresistance (ADMR) are observed with changing temperature or magnetic field. The high field-induced negative to positive MR transition in low temperatures (T < 50 K) and the temperature-induced sign reversal of anisotropic MR at T = 130 K are responsible for these exotic and complex characteristics of ADMR. In addition, the electron–magnon scattering induced negative MR exhibits abnormal nonmonotonic temperature dependence, which is related to the nonmonotonic variation of anomalous Hall resistance and the transition of the carrier types at T = 150 K. The exotic magnetotransport properties of Fe5GeTe2 revealed in this work may help pave the way for the practical application of this 2D magnetic material.
Research and optimization of flow-induced vibrations in a water-cooled monochromator
Authors: Chai Shuo , Zhu WanQian , Zhang ZhanFei , Zhang LiMin , Xue Song
Published: March 2024

To enhance the stability of the water-cooled double-crystal monochromator used at the BL17B beamline of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), a study was conducted to optimize its cooling system’s flow-induced vibration. Through simulation and experimental verification, the researchers analyzed the vibration mechanism and implemented improvement measures. The results indicate that the elastic bellows greatly amplify flow-induced vibration, transmitting it to the first-crystal. By positioning the bellows closer to the crystal, the relative pitch angular vibration of the double-crystal was reduced by 17.5%, and the roll angular vibration decreased by 6.1%. Furthermore, changing the flow rate from 3 to 2.4 l/min further diminished the relative pitch angular vibration by 6.0% and the roll angular vibration by 7.9%. By effectively reducing flow-induced vibration in the water-cooled double-crystal monochromator, equipment stability is enhanced, and the relative angular vibration of the double-crystal has been reduced. This research provides a valuable method and approach for optimizing the stability of the monochromator and related equipment.
Determining 3D structure from molecular formula and isotopologue rotational spectra in natural abundance with reflection-equivariant diffusion
Authors: Cheng Austin H. , Lo Alston , Miret Santiago , Pate Brooks H. , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: March 2024

Structure determination is necessary to identify unknown organic molecules, such as those in natural products, forensic samples, the interstellar medium, and laboratory syntheses. Rotational spectroscopy enables structure determination by providing accurate 3D information about small organic molecules via their moments of inertia. Using these moments, Kraitchman analysis determines isotopic substitution coordinates, which are the unsigned |x|, |y|, |z| coordinates of all atoms with natural isotopic abundance, including carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. While unsigned substitution coordinates can verify guesses of structures, the missing +/− signs make it challenging to determine the actual structure from the substitution coordinates alone. To tackle this inverse problem, we develop Kreed (Kraitchman REflection-Equivariant Diffusion), a generative diffusion model that infers a molecule’s complete 3D structure from only its molecular formula, moments of inertia, and unsigned substitution coordinates of heavy atoms. Kreed’s top-1 predictions identify the correct 3D structure with near-perfect accuracy on large simulated datasets when provided with substitution coordinates of all heavy atoms with natural isotopic abundance. Accuracy decreases as fewer substitution coordinates are provided, but is retained for smaller molecules. On a test set of experimentally measured substitution coordinates gathered from the literature, Kreed predicts the correct all-atom 3D structure in 25 of 33 cases, demonstrating experimental potential for de novo 3D structure determination with rotational spectroscopy.
Unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a morphing tail configuration
Authors: Jiang Quan-Feng , Chen Shu-Sheng , Yang Hua , Zhang Zhen-Gang , Gao Zheng-Hong
Published: March 2024

Morphing aircraft is an important trend in the future development of next-generation aircraft. This paper focuses on aircraft with a small aspect ratio flying wing configuration that includes morphing tails. The unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing tail configuration are numerically simulated using the unstructured overset grid technique and the dual-time method, focusing on the effects of the tail deflection angle over time, Mach number, and side slip angle on the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of the entire aircraft and tails. The second derivative of the tail deflection angle with time should be continuous, and the maximum angular velocity and maximum angular acceleration should be minimized. The hysteresis loop area is closely related to the Mach number. The sideslip angle aggravates the nonlinearity of the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of the entire aircraft. The unsteady aerodynamic characteristics during tail morphing are affected by static (wing downwash effect and projected area effect) and dynamic (flow field hysteresis effect, additional motion effect, and wall implication effect) characteristics. The enclosed research provides a reference for the aerodynamic and control system designs of morphing tail configurations.
Cavitation in viscoelastic dilute polymer solutions through a Venturi nozzle
Authors: Yu Liufang , Yi Qihao , Zhang Haochen , Liu Shuhong , Zuo Zhigang
Published: March 2024

This research experimentally examines the influence of viscoelastic dilute water solutions of polyethylene oxide on Venturi cavitation. Variations in solutions are engineered to manipulate the viscoelastic properties that in turn affect cavitation patterns and attributes. The consequences of viscoelasticity and flow conditions on cavitation are quantified using dimensionless numbers, including the elasticity number (El), the Reynolds number (Re), and the pressure ratio (κ). The experiment identifies three distinct cavitation patterns in the solutions, with their transitions being impacted by alterations in El and κ. As El amplifies, the cavitation bubbles expand and get smoother, and the reentrant jet thickens and amplifies. The behavior of cavitation aligns with the model proposed by Zhang et al. [Phys. Fluids 31, 097107 (2019)], suggesting the critical role of the reentrant jet in the shedding of the cavity cluster. The study also substantiates that the reentrant jet intensifies with ascending El or Re. The collective influence of El, Re, and κ is discovered to shape the cavitation length and shedding frequency of cavity clusters. An increased El or a decreased Re reinforces the vorticity and the reentrant jet, which inevitably leads to a reduction in cavitation lengths and an uptick in the shedding frequency. Conversely, a larger El results in a more gradual response of the bubble to pressure alterations and pronounced rebounds, extending the cavitation length.
The effect of busbar structure on Q factor enhancement and spurious mode suppression in Lamb wave resonators
Authors: Xu Qinwen , Zou Yang , Gao Chao , Chen Xiang , Zhou Jie , Tong Xin , Liu Yan , Guo Shishang , Cai Yao , Sun Chengliang
Published: March 2024

Lamb wave resonators (LWRs) exhibiting high-quality factors and clean spectra demonstrate promising applications in RF communication and sensing. This paper discusses the relationship between the spurious mode, the quality factor, and the effective electromechanical coupling factor of resonators. When the resonant frequency of the spurious mode is slightly below the parallel resonant frequency (fp), the quality factor at fp (Qp) decreases dramatically. To enhance Qp and suppress the spurious mode, the LWRs with busbars including only the top electrode (non-overlap busbars) and the LWRs with busbars incorporating both top and bottom electrodes (overlap busbars) are designed and fabricated. The LWR with 12 μm-wide overlap busbars exhibits a notable enhancement in Qp, elevating it from 553.76 to 1488.17 and suppresses the spurious mode simultaneously. This research introduces a promising approach to suppress the spurious mode and enhance the quality factor of Lamb wave resonators, thereby holding great potential for applications in sensors and mobile communication.
Designing electron/ion dual-phase conductor Ni@TiO2 for high-performance lithium-ion storage: Combining insertion and space charge mechanism
Authors: Chen LiYan , Yu HaiXia , Zhu DingDing , Liu ShuHui , Zhang LeQing , Sun JiaXiang , Zhao ZhiQiang , Li QingHao , Chen GuiHuan , Li Qiang
Published: March 2024

In this study, we construct an yolk-shell Ni@TiO2 nanosphere to investigate its performance in lithium-ion batteries. The composite possesses a synergistic storage mode consisting of a Li+-accepting and an electron-accepting phase. Used as an anode material, it delivers ultra-high specific capacity with excellent rate performance and cycling stability. In situ magnetic characterization and thermodynamic simulation reveal the existence of space charge storage mechanism. We propose an overall view on the Li storage mechanism of the Ni@TiO2 and demonstrate the importance of space charge storage for performance improvement in Li-ion batteries.
Flooding stress and responses to hypoxia in plants
Authors: Jiménez Juan de la Cruz , Mustroph Angelika , Pedersen Ole , Weits Daan A. , Schmidt-Schippers Romy
Published: March 2024

In recent years, research on flooding stress and hypoxic responses in plants has gathered increasing attention due to climate change and the important role of O2 in metabolism and signalling. This Collection of Functional Plant Biology on ‘Flooding stress and responses to hypoxia in plants’ presents key contributions aimed at progressing our current understanding on how plants respond to low-O2 conditions, flooding stress and a combination of stresses commonly found in flooded areas. The Collection emphasises the characterisation of diverse plant responses across different developmental stages, from seed germination to fully developed plants, and under different water stress conditions ranging from waterlogging to complete submergence, or simply low-O2 conditions resulting from limited O2 diffusivity in bulky tissues. Additionally, this Collection highlights diverse approaches, including eco-physiological characterisation of plant responses, detailed descriptions of root anatomical characteristics and their surrounding microenvironments, evaluation of the seed microbiota under flooding stress, the modification of gene expression, and evaluations of diverse germplasm collections.
Brainstem depolarization–induced lethal apnea associated with gain-of-function
SCN1A
L263V
is prevented by sodium channel blockade
Authors: Jansen Nico A. , Cestèle Sandrine , Marco Silvia Sanchez , Schenke Maarten , Stewart Kirsty , Patel Jayesh , Tolner Else A. , Brunklaus Andreas , Mantegazza Massimo , van den Maagdenberg Arn M. J. M.
Published: March 2024

Apneic events are frightening but largely benign events that often occur in infants. Here, we report apparent life-threatening apneic events in an infant with the homozygous
SCN1A
L263V
missense mutation, which causes familial hemiplegic migraine type 3 in heterozygous family members, in the absence of epilepsy. Observations consistent with the events in the infant were made in an
Scn1a
L263V
knock-in mouse model, in which apnea was preceded by a large brainstem DC-shift, indicative of profound brainstem depolarization. The L263V mutation caused gain of Na
V
1.1 function effects in transfected HEK293 cells. Sodium channel blockade mitigated the gain-of-function characteristics, rescued lethal apnea in
Scn1a
L263V
mice, and decreased the frequency of severe apneic events in the patient. Hence, this study shows that
SCN1A
L263V
can cause life-threatening apneic events, which in a mouse model were caused by profound brainstem depolarization. In addition to being potentially relevant to sudden infant death syndrome pathophysiology, these data indicate that sodium channel blockers may be considered therapeutic for apneic events in patients with these and other gain-of-function
SCN1A
mutations.