bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of alpha-fetoprotein in regulation of the cytokine profile of activated T-helpers and their conversion in Th17 phenotype
Authors: Zamorina S.A. , Timganova V.P. , Litvinova L.S. , Todosenko N.M. , Bochkova M.S. , Shardina K.Y. , Khramtsov P.V. , Rayev M.B. , Chereshnev V.A.
Published: August 2019

We studied the effect of the native (non-recombinant) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on differentiation, proliferation, and cytokine profile of activated helper T cells 17 (Th17). The object of the study was a culture of isolated by immunomagnetic separation helper T cells (CD4+), induced into the Th17 phenotype by using TCR-activator and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6). AFP had not significant effect on the frequency of Th17 cells (ROR-γτ+) in the helper T cell culture, and did not affect proliferation of these cells, as measured by Ki-67 expression. Evaluation of the cytokine profile of culture supernatants by using the Luminex xMAP technology, revealed that AFP did not affect the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α, but at concentrations of 50 IU/ml and 100 IU/ml it increased IL-2 production by activated helper T cells. At the same time, AFP suppressed the synthesis of G-CSF and GM-CSF (10 IU/ml), but stimulated the production of CCL4/MIP-1β (100 IU/ml) and CCL2/MCP-1 chemokines (10 IU/ml and 50 IU/ml).
A study of visual inspection of cervix under acetic acid and visual inspection of cervix under Lugol's iodine for screening of carcinoma cervix
Authors: Kanash Sunita , Shirodkar S. D. , Gawai Swati
Published: August 2019

Background: Carcinoma cervix is the most common cancer among women in developing countries. The objectives of the study were to study the sensitivity and specificity of visual inspection of  the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol's iodine (VILI) for cervical cancer screening. To study the correlation of demographic data like age, socioeconomic status, education residential area, parity, age at marriage in premalignant lesion of  the cervix.Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  at a Tertiary Medical Care Center over a period of two years. Five hundred fifty women between 20-65 years of age who fulfilled the selection criteria were enrolled in our study. Positive tests for VIA was opaque aceto white lesion on applying 5% acetic acid or detection of definite yellow iodine non uptake areas with Lugol's iodine in the transformation zone or close to touching the squamocolumnar junction. Positive cases were scheduled for cervical biopsy. Ethical approval of the study protocol was obtained from the ethics committee of the institute.Results: On down staging 7.2% (40/550) of cases  had an unhealthy cervix and 0.36% (2/550) with a suspicious cervix. VIA positive in 4.55% (25/550), VILI positive in 2.73% (15/550). Biopsy was taken from positive with VIA and VILI. On histology 2.9% (16) were chronic cervicitis, CIN I had (1), 0.2%, CIN II (2) 0.4%, CIN III (4) 0.7% and squamous cell carcinoma (2) 0.4% VIA sensitivity 72.22%, specificity 97.74%. VILI sensitivity 100%, specificity 98.89%.Conclusions: VIA and VILI are simple, inexpensive, low resources technique. Both have high sensitivity and specificity.
Clinical profile of diabetes in young adults aged 15 to 30 years
Authors: A. Jimnaz P. , N. Nishad , P. Harris
Published: August 2019

Background: There is a shift in age of onset of diabetes to a younger age in the recent years. There are very few data available on diabetes in the youth. Hence the study has been undertaken. Objective of the study is to describe the clinical profile of young diabetics and to estimate burden of selected end organ complications at the time of study.Methods: A hospital based Cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre among 75 young diabetic patients (aged 15-30 years). After taking informed consent, detailed history clinical examination, biochemical investigations like FBS and 2 hours PPBS, HbA1c, lipid profile, screening for neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy were done.Results: The mean age of the study population was 26.35±3.8 years, majority were males (62.7 %), 77.3% have positive family history. Mean BMI was 24.8±4.6 kg/m2, 45.3% were overweight ,20 % were obese. The mean FBS levels was 216.63±73.46 mg/dl, 2 hr PPBS 261.51±80.0 mg/dl and mean HbA1c 8.66±1.34 %. The total cholesterol level was higher in 46.7%, with mean of 198.4±21.0. Mean triglyceride level was 136.99±38.9. Nephropathy was present in 25.3%, retinopathy in 13.3% and neuropathy in 9.3 % of the patients. 30.6% had at least one of the three complications. SBP was associated with neuropathy(p=0.030), DBP with retinopathy(p=0.029) and neuropathy(p=0.007) and high FBS levels with retinopathy(p<0.001) and neuropathy(p<0.001).Conclusion: Microvascular complications in young diabetes is alarmingly high. Regular screening, early detection, adequate control of FBS and BP may improve quality of life.
PROFITABILITY AND RISK IN RELATION TO CREDIT MONITORING AND RECOVERY STRATEGIES OF PALESTINIAN COMMERCIAL BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: Alaeddin Omar , Thabet Wael M. , A.S. Thabet Ahmed , Nurmukhamedov Bakhodir
Published: August 2019

Purpose of Study: This study implemented an empirical investigation for the relationship between credit risk management and profitability of commercial banks in Palestine over the period of 3years (2015-2018), ten commercial banks were selected.

Methodology: The financial theory was employed to create the research model; Return on Asset (ROA) is defined as proxies of profitability while credit monitoring (LLPI) is defined as proxies of credit risk management.  Panel model analysis was used to estimate the determination of the profit function.

Results: Statistical results revealed that the relationship between the credit monitoring and commercial banks profitability is negative significant (β= -3.419, P ˂ 0.05). Therefore, the results improve that LLPI has a significant effect on Palestinian commercial banks profitability's.
ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY IN IMPROVING THE LIVES OF YOUTH IN PUBLIC HOUSING
Authors: Zainualdin Adibah , Abdullah Arliza , Kamarudin Hanis Syazwani , Wan Yusuff Wan Yusrina , Zainuddin Siti Nor Khairunissa
Published: August 2019

Purpose of Study: Having a sense of hope and aspirations for the future are often conceptualized as components of resilience for youth in urban environments.  However, less is known about the factors that may influence how young people develop their future aspirations, and how those aspirations may impact their actions in achieving their goals. This study is a conceptual paper to identify the factors that influence the youth future aspirations and how self-efficacy acts as a moderator. Self-efficacy being defined by Albert Bandura as one's belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. Through preliminary studies conducted by informal interviews with youth in four (4) PPR in Kuala Lumpur it was found that the youths in the PPR are divided into 3 segments firstly the illiterate youth, secondly literate youth with a few years of formal schooling and third group of youth who completed their formal schooling. Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as a theoretical framework we hope to identify factors that contribute towards the youth future aspirations.

Methodology: In this paper, literature relating to the development and characteristics of youth in public housing, self-efficacy, and factors that influence the youth future aspirations are reviewed to ascertain if any relationship exists between them.

Results: A conceptual framework is developed to propose the relationship between success factors as the independent variables and youth future aspirations as the dependent variable, with self-efficacy as the moderator.  This study identified success factors that could influence the future aspirations of youth in public housing in Malaysia. We propose a model for developing youths’ future aspirations.
Toxic effects of herbal medicines: Teucrium polium and acute kidney injury
Authors: AKTÜRK ESEN Selin , KAHVECİOĞLU Serdar , GÜL Cuma Bülent , AKTAŞ Nimet , ESEN İrfan
Published: August 2019

Herbal medicines are believed
to be effective in the treatment of many diseases. The genius Teucrium is
a member of Lamiaceae family, which contains more than 300 species. Antimutagenic,
anticancer, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiulcer,
hypolipidemic and antidiarrheal effects of Teucrium polium have been reported
in the studies. In this article, we describe an acute kidney injury (AKI), which is thought to have developed as a result of T.
polium use for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
It should not be forgotten that herbal medicine is an important reason for AKI.
In addition, community should be made aware of the danger of herbal medicines which
especially have potential renal and hepatic side effects.
4. Sanayi Ve Enformasyon Toplumu Çerçevesinde Kamu Politikalarının Gelişimi
Authors: Özel Özer Aslihan , Turhan Mustafa
Published: August 2019

Çalışmamızda
sanayi devrimlerinin günümüze dek gelişiminde kamu politikalarına etkilerine
ışık tutmaya çalışarak, sanayi devrimlerine dair politika yapmayı zorunlu kılan
nedenler araştırmanın amacına yönelik
ilgili yazın çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Sanayi devrimlerinin yıllar
içinde dönüşerek teknolojik gelişmelerle ortaya çıkan dördüncü sanayi devrimi
ile inovasyon ve enformasyon toplumu politikalarının önemini değerlendirmenin
ardından, dördüncü sanayi devriminin kamu politikaları üzerindeki etkisi
Türkiye’nin bu alandaki yeri ve uygulamaları çerçevesinde incelenmiş, bilgi
çağını yakalama ve teknolojik gelişmelere uyum sağlama çabaları ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kamu Politikası, 4. Sanayi Devrimi, Enformasyon
Toplumu, Enovasyon

JEL Sınıflandırması: H10, H19, I20,I28
Sürdürülebilir Sosyal Güvenlik Sistemi İçin Mali Kural Önerisi
Authors: Yurdadoğ Volkan , Akça Haşim , Bozatlı Oğuzhan
Published: August 2019

Bu
çalışmanın temel amacı; Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Sistemini sürdürülebilir ve etkin
bir temele oturtmak için mali kural önerisinde bulunmaktır. Türkçe literatürde
mali kural ile ilgili birçok çalışma olmakla beraber sosyal güvenlik sisteminde
mali kurala yönelik herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Türkçe dışındaki
literatür incelendiğinde ise özellikle Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinin 1992 yılından
bu yana sosyal güvenlik sistemi için mali kural uyguladıkları gözlemlenmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, Avrupa Birliği örneklerinden de hareketle Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Sistemi
için mali kural önerisinde bulunulmuştur. Ayrıca ulusal yazında Anayasanın
65.maddesine genellikle hukuksal açıdan yaklaşıldığı ve söz konusu maddenin
Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Sistemine yönelik mali ve iktisadi etkilerinin ihmal
edildiği tespit edilerek önerilen mali kural çerçevesi ile uyumlu olarak yeni
bir yorum önerisinde bulunulmuştur. Analiz sonucunda Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Sisteminin
sürdürülemez düzeyde olan açıklarını kontrol altına almak adına önerilen mali
kural çerçevesinin kesin bir çözüm olmadığı ancak bu çerçeve ile birlikte
önerilen kurumsal düzenlemelerin yapılmasının kayda değer şekilde iyileşmeler sağlayacağı
vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Sözcükler: Türk Sosyal Güvenlik Sistemi, Anayasa ve 65.madde, Mali
Kural, Sosyal Güvenlik Açıkları

JEL
Sınıflandırması: H55, H60
Mali Disiplini Sağlama Yolunda Mali Kural Uygulamaları
Authors: Akyol Bulut Öznur , Alçin Şahintürk Deniz
Published: August 2019

Geçmişten günümüze
devletleri ayakta tutan en önemli unsur ekonomileri olmuştur. Ekonomi ise özel
ve kamu ekonomisi olarak ikiye ayrılmakta ancak bütünü kamu tarafından
yönetilmekte ve yönlendirilmektedir. Bu yönetme ve yönlendirmenin en önemli
aracı maliye politikasıdır. Ancak maliye politikasını uygulayan siyasi aktörler
kamu hizmetlerini yerine getirirken tıpkı piyasadaki gibi çıkarları
doğrultusunda hareket edip, kamu kaynaklarını etkinsiz kullanabilirler. Bu
etkinsiz kullanım ise kamu kaynaklarının israf edilmesine ve ekonominin
kırılganlığının artmasına sebep olmaktadır.

Bu endişelerle
ortaya çıkan Kamu Tercihi Ekonomisi ve Anayasal İktisat siyasi aktörlerin bu
davranışlarının sınırlanması için mali kural uygulanmasını önermişlerdir. Mali
kurallar iradi maliye politikası uygulamalarına getirilen sayısal ve prosedür
ile ilgili kısıtlamalardır.

Çalışma kapsamında
ilk olarak mali kurallar hakkında teorik bilgi verilmiştir. Daha sonra dünya
uygulamaları incelenmiş, dünya uygulamaları çerçevesinde ülkemizdeki mevcut
mali kural uygulamaları ve girişimleri analiz edilmiş ve ülkemiz için politika
önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Mali kural, maliye
politikası, bütçe, borç, faiz dışı fazla.

Jel
Sınıflandırması: H30, H60, H63, H70.
Fungicidas sitio-específicos combinados con Mancozeb para el control de la roya asiática de la soya
Authors: Enciso-Maldonado Guillermo Andrés , Maidana-Ojeda Marco , Schlickmann-Tank José Arturo , Montoya-García César Omar , Páez-Ranoni Héctor Jhon , Fernández-Riquelme Francisco , Domínguez-Sanabria Jorge Andrés
Published: August 2019

La roya asiática de la soya causada por Phakopsora pachyrhizi reduce el rendimiento del cultivo hasta 90%. Se ha observado pérdida de eficacia de control con fungicidas sitio-específicos, se ha propuesto combinarlos con mancozeb como estrategia antirresistencia. El objetivo fue evaluar estos fungicidas en dos fechas de siembra. El estudio se realizó en condiciones de campo en Yguazú, Paraguay, con ocho tratamientos: sin aplicación (T1), prothioconazole y trifloxistrobin (T2), mancozeb (T3), azoxistrobin y bezonvindiflupyr (T4), fluxapyroxad, epoxiconazole y pyraclostrobin (T5), T2 + T3 (T6), T4 + T3 (T7), y T5 + T3 (T8) y dos siembras (20 de septiembre y 20 de noviembre de 2017), en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. El rendimiento no se modificó por la aplicación de los tratamientos. Se observó diferencia significativa por la fecha de siembra en la severidad y peso de mil semillas (PMS). El T6 presento menor severidad y el T5 mayor PMS en la primera fecha de siembra. Los fungicidas sitioespecifico más mancozeb presentaron mayor porcentaje de eficacia de control de la enfermedad. La combinación de mancozeb con mezclas de fungicidas sitio-específico es efectiva para el control de la roya asiática de la soya.
Peer review - why is it important?
Authors: Bloggs Jo
Published: August 2019

You’ve chosen your PICO question, you’ve written your manuscript, and now you’ve submitted it to Veterinary Evidence’s online journal submission system (OJS), and the Editor-in-Chief has accepted it into the submissions process, but what happens next? For some authors, especially those of you who have not submitted a paper to a journal before, the next step may be unclear. For an editor it is simple; peer review. But what is peer review, and why is it important?
test paper
Authors: Sheppard Bridget
Published: August 2019

TEST
Actitudes hacia el español hablado y escrito de los Estados Unidos
Authors: Medina-Rivera Antonio
Published: August 2019

En el presente trabajo se examinan actitudes hacia el español hablado y escrito de los Estados Unidos.  El análisis parte de un cuestionario que se hizo con hablantes nativos de español de diferentes países del mundo hispánico por medio de un instrumento de colección en línea que se llama Survey Monkey.  En el mismo participaron 110 hablantes de español de España, Colombia, Perú, Argentina, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Cuba, México y Chile.  Los resultaron muestran el conocimiento y las actitudes que dichos hablantes tienen sobre el español de los Estados Unidos, y ofrece algunos signos de vitalización y desarrollo del español en dicho país.
Japanese Lexical Variation Explained by Spatial Contact Patterns
Authors: Jeszenszky Péter , Hikosaka Yoshinobu , Imamura Satoshi , Yano Keiji
Published: August 2019

In this paper we analyse spatial variation in Japanese dialectal lexicon by assembling a set of methodologies using theories in variationist linguistics and GIScience, and tools used in historical GIS. Based on historical dialect atlas data, we calculate a linguistic distance matrix across survey localities. The linguistic variation expressed through this distance is contrasted with several measurements, based on spatial distance, utilised to estimate language contact potential across Japan, historically and at present. Further, administrative boundaries are tested for their separation effect. Measuring aggregate association within linguistic variation can contrast previous notions of dialect area formation by detecting continua. Depending on local geographies in spatial subsets, great circle distance, travel distance and travel times explain a similar proportion of the variance in linguistic distance despite the limitations of the latter two. While they explain the majority, two further measurements estimating contact have lower explanatory power: least cost paths modelling contact before the industrial revolution, based on DEM and seafaring, and a linguistic influence index based on settlement hierarchy. Historical domain boundaries and present day prefecture boundaries are found to have a statistically significant effect on dialectal variation. However, the interplay of boundaries and distance is yet to be identified. We claim that a similar methodology can address spatial variation in other digital humanities, given a similar spatial and attribute granularity.
APPLICATION OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY IN COMPARISON BETWEEN CRYPTIC MICROBIALITES OF RECENT MARINE CAVES AND TRIASSIC PATCH REEFS
Authors: GUIDO ADRIANO , KERSHAW STEPHEN , RUSSO FRANCO , MIRIELLO DOMENICO , MASTANDREA ADELAIDE
Published: August 2019

Microbialites are common carbonate structures in cryptic niches of marine environments throughout geological time. In this research we compare the microbialites of small bioconstructions (biostalactites) of modern submarine caves of Sicily with those developed in small crypts of Carnian patch reefs of the Dolomite Mountains (Heiligkreuz Formation, Alpe di Specie) using Raman spectroscopy, a method that allows in situ determination of the organic content of microbial components. This methodology partly solves the uncertainty of geomicrobiological studies that use bulk measurements (i.e., biomarker analyses), which make it difficult to associate mineral precipitates with a specific microbial process. In the modern marine caves, the complex biotic relationships among skeletal organisms (mainly serpulids) and microbial communities produced biostalactites in which microbially induced biomineralization is the consequence of autotrophic and chemoheterotrophic bacterial activities. Sulfate-reducing bacteria, fed by metazoan organic matter, flourish in millimetric oxygen-depleted cavities of the skeletal framework, and induce autochthonous micrite deposition and early stabilization of the biostalactites. Similar processes have been interpreted to induce the deposition of the microbialites in the Upper Triassic patch reefs of the Dolomites. These small shallow water reefs, made up mainly of scleractinian corals, sponges and red algae, hold a skeletal framework rich in millimeter- to centimeter-size cavities, ideal cryptic niches for growth of microbial communities. Specific sulfate-reducing bacteria biomarkers are first identified using bulk measurements obtained by solvent extraction. The subsequent in situ characterization of organic compounds through micro-Raman spectroscopy indicates the same biogeochemical signatures of the microbialites within the cryptic cavities of the biostalactites of modern marine caves as those inside the skeletal framework of Carnian patch reefs. These data, showing the same processes in Triassic and modern cryptic microenvironments, is evidence that the microbially mediated precipitation in confined environments is a process independent of geological time that further investigation may be able to test.
Phase Behaviour and Properties of HPHT Gas Condensate Systems
Authors: Hu Yongle , Luo Kai , Li Baozhu , Zhu Yuxin , Ye Jigen
Published: August 2019

HPHT reservoirs represent a great technological frontier for the oil and gas industry. Recently much attention has been paid to the phase behavior and properties of HPHT fluids as more and more ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs are discovered worldwide. In this study the reservoir fluids are recombined using the separator liquid and gas samples collected from actual gas fields. The phase behavior and physical properties of HTHP gas condensates are experimentally studied at the pressures over 100MPa. When the pressures are above some certain pressure, the compressibility seems to be linear relationships with pressure, and the lower temperature, the larger slope. The linear relationships of compressibility vs pressure may imply that the ultra-pressure compressibility can be determined by directly extrapolating the lower pressure compressibility measurements, markedly reducing the experiment costs. Moreover, The reservoir fluids may contain much content of wax. Thus the wax appearance temperatures of the reservoir fluid are determined using the laser-scattering technique, showing the complex gas-liquid-solid phase behavior.
The Optimization of Well Pattern in Ultralow-Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Cheng'en Shi , Xuefeng Qu , Qihong Lei , Liang Li
Published: August 2019

The reasonable well pattern arrangement is a key factor that ultra-low permeability oilfield are developed successfully because it is usually relative to fracture. By using numerical modeling, driving replacement etc reservoir engineering methods after reviewing the evolution of well pattern for Changqing ultra-low permeability reservoir, the paper presents rhombus inverted nine-spot and rectangle well pattern matching best the fracture and injection-production pressure system. In the development practice, we adopt square inverted nine-spot, rhombus inverted nine-spot, rectangle well pattern according to little, relative, good of fracture growth, and have achieved better development effects.

Introduction

It is well known that ultra-low permeability reservoir has some features such as low permeability, natural fracture and low pressure as well as low natural productivity. Fracturing is often used to get industrial oil stream, water injection is to lengthen stable production period and enhance ultimate recovery efficiency. So the key for development well pattern arrangement is to enhance individual-well production sweep efficiency and ultimate recovery efficiency. The paper presents rhombus inverted nine-spot pattern and rectangle pattern on the base of optimum matching of fracture system, displacement pressure system and pattern system. In development practice of oilfield, square inverted nine-spot, rhombus inverted nine-spot and rectangular pattern are adopted according to little, relative, good of fracture growth. This has made great progress in Ansai, Jingan and Xifeng oilfield, which is regarded as a guide to develop the same kind of oilfield.
Does Socioeconomic Status Affect Oral Health? Results from the PERSIAN Cohort Study
Authors: Najafi Farid , Hajizadeh Mohammad , Soofi Moslem , Salimi Yahya , Karyani Ali KAzemi , Soltani Shahin , Ahmadi Sina , Rad Enayatollah Homaie , MAtin Behzad Karami , Pasdar Yahya , Hamzeh Behrooz , Nazar Mehdi Moradi , Mohammadi Ali , Malekzadeh Reza , Poustchi Hossein , Motamed-Gorji Nazgol , Moslem Alireza , Khaleghi Ali Asghar , Fatthi Mohammad Reza , Aghazadeh-Attari Javad , Ahmadi Ali , Pourfarzi Farhad , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Sohrab Mehrnoush , Ansari-Moghadam Alireza , Edjtehadi Farhad , Esmaeili Ali , Joukar Farhad , Lotfi Mohammad Hasan , Aghamolaei Teamur , Eslami Saied , Tabatabaee Seyed Hamid Reza , Saki Nader , Haghdost Ali Akbar , Rezaei Satar
Published: August 2019

Background: The current study aimed to measure and decomposes socioeconomic-related inequalities in DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index among adults in Iran.
Methods: The study data was drawn from the adult component of Perspective Epidemiological research studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) from 17 centers in 14 different provinces of Iran. DMFT score was used as a measure of oral health among adults in Iran. The relative and generalized (absolute) concentration index (RC and GC, respectively) was used to quantify and decompose socioeconomic-related inequalities in DMFT among Iranian adults (35 years and older).
Results: A total of 128813 adults aged 35 and older, who are enrolled in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), were included in the study. The mean score of DMFT of the adults was 6.01 (SD=3.17). The findings suggested that DMFT was mainly concentrated among the poor in the 14 provinces included in the study (RC = -0.064; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.066 to -0.063 and GC = -0.387; 95% CI, 0.397 to -0.377). In addition, SES, being male, older age and being widow or divorced were identified as the main factors contributing to the concentration of DMFT among the worse-off in Iran.
Conclusions: It is recommended to focus in the oral health status of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in order to reduce socioeconomic-related inequality in oral health among adults in Iran. Moreover, it should be noted that reducing socioeconomic-related inequalities in oral health should be accompanied by appropriate health promotion policies that focus actions on the fundamental socio-economical causes of dental disease.
Duelo y afrontamiento en personas que han perdido a su pareja por suicidio en Rionegro
Authors: Chaverra Marín Carolina , Mejía Gaviria Cristian , Figueroa Ibarra Manuela , Álvarez Castaño Sergio Andrés , Noreña Delgado Luisa Fernanda
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una descripción del proceso de duelo, en personas que han perdido a su pareja por suicidio en el municipio de Rionegro-Antioquia, destacando las consecuencias de la pérdida para el sobreviviente y las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas. La investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo con método hermenéutico y un alcance descriptivo, en la cual participaron tres personas que padecieron el suicidio de su pareja, indagando a través de una entrevista semiestructurada, por aspectos concernientes al duelo y la forma de afrontamiento del suceso. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que hay un duelo crónico, consecuencias a nivel somático, cognitivo, emocional, conductual e interpersonal y, por último, diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento encaminadas a la adaptación de una nueva realidad.
Tránsito de la educación inicial a la básica primaria y su incidencia en el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo en la infancia
Authors: Castro Díaz Martha Katherine , Guzmán Atehortúa Natalia , Álvarez Herrera Manuela , Benítez Berrio Verónica , Álvarez Gallego Mónica María
Published: August 2019

El propósito de este artículo es abordar las diversas perspectivas sobre el tránsito de la educación inicial a la básica primaria y su incidencia en el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo, que plantea como objetivo general, comprender la relación entre el tránsito de la educación inicial a la básica primaria y el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo en niños y niñas según la perspectiva de las docentes del sector privado y público de Medellín. Se utilizó la investigación cualitativa, que tiene como opción metodológica el estudio de caso, y la entrevista semiestructurada, como instrumento privilegiado para la recolección de la información adquirida por las diferentes docentes participes de la investigación.

Durante el proceso, se evidenció las diferencias y similitudes que se tiene tanto en las instituciones educativas públicas y privadas y así mismo, las perspectivas que tiene cada docente sobre cómo es vista y cómo incide el tema del tránsito escolar de la educación inicial a la básica primaria.
Una perspectiva filosófica desde la televisión y sus consecuencias intelectuales e ideológicas
Authors: Mesa Monroy Eddie Santiago
Published: August 2019

Este ejercicio hermenéutico-interpretativo se centra en analizar, cómo el mal uso de la televisión genera un declive en la misma; cómo esta puede convertir el conocimiento en una propaganda o generar una ideología, y cómo la filosofía puede aprovechar este medio para la evolución de su disciplina desde su buen uso; además de formar y crear la posibilidad de un nuevo método para la propedéutica de la filosofía evolucionando a un nuevo sistema establecido en la academia y fuera de esta. Promoviendo una filosofía de la televisión como oportunidad para que el concepto y la imagen puedan aplicarse de manera consiente y racional.
Nanofibrous Polydioxanone Depots for Prolonged Intraperitoneal Paclitaxel Delivery
Authors: Padmakumar Smrithi , Menon Deepthy
Published: August 2019

Background:

Prolonged chemodrug delivery to the tumor site is a prerequisite to maintaining
its localised therapeutic concentrations for effective treatment of malignant solid tumors.

Objective:

The current study aims to develop implantable polymeric depots through conventional electrospinning
for sustained drug delivery, specifically to the peritoneum.

Methods:

Non-woven electrospun mats were fabricated by simple electrospinning of Polydioxanone
solution loaded with the chemodrug, Paclitaxel. The implants were subjected to the analysis of morphology,
mechanical properties, degradation and drug release in phosphate buffer and patient-derived
peritoneal drain fluid samples. In vivo studies were conducted by surgical knotting of these implants to
the peritoneal wall of healthy mice.

Results:

Non-woven electrospun mats with a thickness of 0.65±0.07 mm, weighing ~ 20 mg were fabricated
by electrospinning 15 w/v% polymer loaded with 10 w/w% drug. These implants possessing good
mechanical integrity showed a drug entrapment efficiency of 87.82±2.54 %. In vitro drug release studies
in phosphate buffer showed a sustained profile for ~4 weeks with a burst of 10 % of total drug content,
whereas this amounted to >60% in patient samples. Mice implanted with these depots remained healthy
during the study period. The biphasic drug release profile obtained in vivo showed a slow trend, with
peritoneal lavage and tissues retaining good drug concentrations for a sustained period.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that non-woven electrospun mats developed from biodegradable
Polydioxanone polymer can serve as ideal candidates for easily implantable drug depots to address the
challenges of peritoneal metastasis in ovarian cancer.
Aplicación de elefan y la curva de captura en la estimación de la edad del mero cabrilla (Epinephelus guttatus) en la costa oeste de Puerto Rico.
Authors: Brú C Samir , Olaya-Nieto Charles
Published: August 2019

Para estimar la edad del Mero cabrilla se analizó la información tomada de diferentes puertos pesqueros de la costa oeste de Puerto Rico, entre enero de 92 y diciembre de 93. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 979 y 585 para los años 1992 y 1993, respectivamente. Se utilizó un intervalo de clase de 1.5cm, excluyendo los valores menores de 15cm y los mayores de 55cm de longitud estándar (LS) para evitar al máximo la distorsión que se pudiese presentar. La tasa de crecimiento (K) y la longitud asintónica se obtuvieron usando ELEFAN 1 y la temperatura es la media anual tomada en los muestreos (Olaya-Nieto 1999). Tales valores se utilizaron para obtener la edad del Mero cabrilla mediante ELEFAN 1 y tallas convertidas en curva de captura (LCCC) parapoder hacer las comparaciones respectivas. La estimación de la edad aplicando los dos métodos arroja valores de 15 años para ELEFAN y LCCC en 1992 y 1993, respectivamente. La máxima longitud estándar muestreada en este trabajo fue mayor que las reportadas por otros autores; sin embargo, debió extraerse para evitar sesgos y sobreestimaciones en la edad. La talla media de captura estimada fue de 29.9 y 30.0cm para los años 1992 y 1993, respectivamente, sin presentar diferencias significativas aplicando el t-test (p>0.001), siendo menorque las obtenidas por otros autores. A pesar de que este trabajo se basa en muestreos en los puertos de desembarco, la estimación de la edad del Mero cabrilla muestra valores bien cercanos a los reportados mediante lecturas de otolitos en otras áreas como Bermuda, Puerto Rico y Saint Thomas, y mucho mayores a North Carolina/Florida, confirmándose que es un pez de larga vida. La aplicación de los dos métodos en este trabajo es menos complicada, menos dispendiosa y menos costosa que para los demás métodos. Aunque siemprehabrá diferencias con las estimaciones de edad mediante lectura de estructuras rígidas, se pueden obtener resultados con un nivel del 90% de confianza, muy importante para los países del tercer mundo.
Cost and Effectiveness of Using Facebook Advertising to Recruit Young Women for Research: PREFER (Contraceptive Preferences Study) Experience (Preprint)
Authors: McCarthy Edwina , Mazza Danielle
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Social media is a popular and convenient method for communicating on the Web. The most commonly used social networking website, Facebook, is increasingly being used as a tool for recruiting research participants because of its large user base and its ability to target advertisements on the basis of Facebook users’ information.

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the cost and effectiveness of using Facebook to recruit young women into a Web-based intervention study (PREFER). The PREFER study aimed to determine whether an educational video could increase preference for and uptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC).

METHODS

We placed an advertisement on Facebook over a 19-day period from December 2017 to January 2018, inviting 16- to 25-year-old women from Australia to participate in a Web-based study about contraception. Those who clicked on the advertisement were directed to project information, and their eligibility was determined by using a screening survey.

RESULTS

Our Facebook advertisement delivered 130,129 impressions, resulting in over 2000 clicks at an overall cost of Aus $918 (Aus $0.44 per click). Web-based project information was accessed by 493 women. Of these, 462 women completed the screening survey, and 437 (437/463, 95%) women were eligible. A total of 322 young women participated in Surveys 1 and 2 (74% response rate), and 284 women participated in Survey 3 (88% retention rate), with an advertising cost of Aus $2.85 per consenting participant.

CONCLUSIONS

Facebook proved to be a quick, effective, and cost-efficient tool for recruiting young Australian women into a study that was investigating contraceptive preferences. However, Web-based recruitment may result in sociodemographic biases. Further research is required to evaluate whether Facebook is suitable for recruiting older study populations.
Cardiovascular Safety and All-Cause Mortality of Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin Beta and Other Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in Anemia of CKD
Authors: Locatelli Francesco , Hannedouche Thierry , Fishbane Steven , Morgan Zoe , Oguey Delphine , White William B.
Published: August 2019

Background and objectives

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents correct anemia of CKD but may increase cardiovascular risk. We compared cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality associated with monthly methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta with those of the shorter-acting agents epoetin alfa/beta and darbepoetin alfa in patients with anemia of CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial in which patients were randomized to receive methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta or reference erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, stratified by maintenance or correction treatment status and C-reactive protein level. The trial had a prespecified noninferiority margin of 1.20 for the hazard ratio (HR) for the primary end point (a composite of all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke, adjudicated by an independent blinded committee). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00773513.

Results

In total, 2818 patients underwent randomization, received methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta or a reference agent, and were followed for a median of 3.4 years (maximum, 8.4 years). In the modified intention-to-treat analysis, a primary end point event occurred in 640 (45.4%) patients in the methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta arm, and 644 (45.7%) in the reference arm (HR 1.03; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.93 to 1.15, P=0.004 for noninferiority). All-cause mortality was not different between treatment groups (HR 1.06; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.19). Results in patient subgroups on dialysis or treated in the correction or maintenance settings were comparable to the primary analysis.

Conclusions

In patients with anemia of CKD, once-monthly methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta was noninferior to conventional, shorter-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agents with respect to rates of major adverse cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality.
Differential etching after lithic heat treatment: First results of an experimental study
Authors: Kiers Linda
Published: August 2019

The practice of lithic heat treatment creates a combination of initial dull flake scars and subsequent smooth flake scars when the implement is finished after heating. Experiments were done to test the susceptibility of dull and smooth flake scars to etching. The points were etched in 40% hydrofluoric acid for either 40 or 60 seconds. In the 40 seconds experiment, the smooth flake scars of 9 (out of 25) heated points showed less etching than the dull flake scars or no etching at all. These artefacts formed a weathering pattern that is similar to double patina in reworked flints. Ten unheated control samples did not form differential weathering between different generations of flake scars. In the 60 seconds experiment 4 (out of 25) heated points showed some parts of the smooth surface to be less affected. Ten unheated control samples did not form differential weathering. The experiments show that sometimes smooth flake scars are more resistant to etching initially.

In Scanning Electron Microscopy, flint artefacts are sometimes pre-treated with hydrofluoric acid. Heat treated flints are susceptible to differential weathering by hydrofluoric acid. Thus, pre-treatment with hydrofluoric acid of heat treated SEM samples can lead to surfaces that are etched to a different extent.

The chemical etching in this study does not replicate any natural patination process. How heat treated lithics respond to natural weathering processes cannot be predicted. Further studies should produce natural patination and test selected artefacts in contexts of intentional heat treatment for signs of heating.
New record of lithic blades in Brazil: The Picão site, São Paulo state
Authors: Batalla Arlys Nicolás , Correa Letícia Cristina , Araujo Astolfo Gomes de Mello
Published: August 2019

Lithic blades are long and narrow flakes produced from prepared cores which form part of different technological complexes all around the world. In South America, the production and use of blades has been reported in different settings which include early hunter-gatherer occupations of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, as well as Middle and Late Holocene occupations. Until now, the only reference to blade technology in Brazil comes from the south and corresponds to Early Holocene hunter-gatherer assemblages. This paper presents a second record of lithic blades in Brazil, which includes one fragment and three refitted artifacts manufactured from fine-grained silicified sandstone recovered from a surface site (Picão), which is located in the Dourado Municipality, central São Paulo state. Analysis undertaken on the blades involved the collection of metric data, including longitudinal curvature, and the elaboration of diacritic schemes which consider the direction and order of the observed remnant scars for interpreting the chronological sequence of removals. Results indicate the production of ³70.5 mm-long, softly curved blades, with evidence of preparation of the point of impact prior to extraction from the core, as well as the presence of unidirectional, parallel scars related to blade production from a single striking platform. These reduction characteristics resemble those encountered in the nearest contexts of southern Brazil and northern Uruguay, although differences also exist. In spite of the lack of chronological data, this new record of blades in central São Paulo state calls for more research into the origins and dispersion of this technology in southeastern South America.
New evidence for the Palaeolithic in Attica, Greece
Authors: Holcomb Justin Allen , Runnels Curtis , Howitt-Marshall Duncan , Sachperoglou Evangelos
Published: August 2019

Despite Greece’s key geographic position between southeast Europe and southwest Asia, and its potential for documenting hominin dispersals, Lower and Middle Palaeolithic sites are rare. This suggests the need for research to identify deposits that may contain Palaeolithic artefacts. Here we describe 165 quartz and quartzite artefacts with Palaeolithic characteristics (based on technical and morphotypological definitions) from a private collection that was made from erosional lag deposits on the southeastern slopes of Mt. Pendeli and the northern edge of the Spata polje (a large karstic depression filled with terra rossas) in northeast Attica. Artefacts of the same type occur in the region of Ano Souli, another karstic depression. These karstic depressions are of interest because they resemble artefact-bearing deposits found at similar features such as Kokkinopilos in Epirus that have provided datable geologic contexts for Lower and Middle Palaeolithic artefacts. Our study suggests that Attica was frequented by hominins in the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic and that Pleistocene deposits in karstic depressions in Attica may preserve datable contexts for documenting early human activity. The lithic collection described here provides a glimpse of the potential of the region, and we recommend continued archaeological efforts in Attica to investigate the likelihood for buried Palaeolithic sites.
Grand-Pressigny was not alone: Acquiring and sharing data about raw materials in the collective research project “Réseau de lithothèques en région Centre-Val de Loire” (France)
Authors: Delvigne Vincent , Fernandes Paul , Tuffery Christophe , Angevin Raphaël , Lethrosne Harold , Aubry Thierry , Creusillet Marie France , Dépont Jean , Le Bourdonnec François-Xavier , Lafarge Audrey , Liabeuf René , Mangado-Llach Xavier , Moncel Marie Hélène , Philippe Michel , Piboule Michel , Primault Jérôme , Raynal Jean-Paul , Recq Clément , Sanchez de la Torre Marta , Teurquety Gabriel , Verjux Christian
Published: August 2019

In the wake of the discovery of numerous large blade workshops at Le Grand-Pressigny site (Indre-et-Loire, France), which initially aroused great interest, the mid-Loire Valley region became central to studies of flint diffusion. Despite the quality of the initial work, the widely shared view now is that the capacity for this concept to continue to provide useful archaeological modelling has diminished. Establishing real and actual correlations between archaeological objects and geological samples remains difficult, making it almost impossible to determine the source of certain materials represented in an archaeological series. In response to this problem, the French collective research project "Réseau de lithothèque en région Centre-Val de Loire" assembled about 30 amateur and professional researchers from various European institutions to work on three strategic missions:

Mission 1: establish a list of current lithotheques (“rock-libraries” or comparative collections), verify their contents and complete them if necessary;

Mission 2: link the major types of depositional environments with the properties acquired by flint through its life;

Mission 3: spread knowledge and information both within the project and to all interested persons.

The project is closely associated with similar French programs already in place in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Aquitaine regions. The ultimate objective is to build a national and international community around a common project, bringing participants together regularly to share knowledge and technical expertise.
LegioLit: Knappable material lithotheque in the Prehistory Laboratory at the University of León, Spain
Authors: Herrero-Alonso Diego , Fuertes-Prieto M. Natividad , Fernández-Martínez Esperanza , Gómez-Fernández Fernando , Alonso-Herrero Eduardo , Matero-Pellitero Ana M.
Published: August 2019

This work introduces a comparative collection located in the Prehistory Laboratory at the University of León (Spain) specialised in knappable raw materials, mainly comprising radiolarite and black chert (micro-crypto crystalline quartz), from the western Cantabrian Mountains (north of Iberian Peninsula). A standardised protocol of sample collection and data organisation was developed, which includes the use of several methodologies. First, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) for referencing lithic sources. Second, direct observation of the sample for the macroscopic characterization, both de visu and stereomicroscope. Third, petrographic microscopy for a description of main petrological, and palaeontological features, complemented with the identification of the different minerals that make up the samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Forth, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Thermogravimetry – Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC) for geochemical and thermal features of the samples. Finally, the results of these analyses were entered in a database. All this information is contributing towards the creation of a physical reference collection specialised in local Palaeozoic formations (mostly from Devonian to Carboniferous) that outcrop in the western Cantabrian Mountains, a region whose potential resource base was previously not very well known. This collection would allow to compare archaeological lithic remains from different sites inside and outside the Cantabrian Mountains.
Preliminary archaeometric investigation on Middle Neolithic siliceous tools from Limba-Oarda de Jos (Transylvania, Romania)
Authors: Rey-Solé Mar , Ionescu Corina , Ciuta Marius , Muresan-Pop Marieta , Simon Viorica
Published: August 2019

The present archaeometric study focuses on a set of archaeological siliceous lithic tools that are assigned to the early Vinča culture period (Vinča A and Vinča B1). They were found in several pit-houses at Limba-Oarda de Jos (SW Transylvania, Romania), an open settlement that has been dated to 5,405-5,310 cal. BCE, a period in the Middle Neolithic. A total of 322 retouched tools and débitage pieces were typologically and macroscopically investigated. From these, 20 pieces were analyzed by polarized light optical microscopy (OM) and 10 pieces were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in order to identify compositional characteristics, define the petrographic type, and establish the spectral fingerprint of each material.

Four petrographic types were discriminated: radiolarite, chert, fossiliferous chert, and siliceous limestone. Mineralogically, the tools primarily consist of a mass of microquartz and fibrous microquartz (called also ‘chalcedony’) associated with radiolarians remnants (in radiolarites); fossil shell fragments (in the fossiliferous chert); and limestone components, such as ooliths and pellets (in the siliceous limestone). All samples show distinct FTIR bands, most of which are assigned to microquartz, quartz, and fibrous microquartz. The deconvolution of the FTIR spectra in the 950-1300 cm-1 domain reveals the contribution of several other phases, such as calcite and clay minerals.

The results support the assumption that the tools made of chert, fossiliferous chert, and siliceous limestone were produced at the site from nodules that probably originated from the Upper Jurassic chert-bearing limestone that crops out nearby in the Trascău Mts. The tools made of radiolarite were most likely brought to the site as finished products from the Trascău Mts.