bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating University Students' Failure in English Requirement Courses
Authors: Ali Jamal Kaid Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Some university students might fail at their first attempt to study English requirement courses, but later they perform well, ultimately recognizing that the courses were easy and their failure in such simple courses was a great loss. Others continue failing, get frustrated and finally may quit trying. The purpose of the current study, therefore, was to investigate the factors that contribute to university non-English major students' failure in English courses. A mixed model questionnaire was used to collect data from 56 male students who failed English at the University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. All participants had previously failed English and were repeating the English requirement course during the period of data collection. Results of the study revealed that factors such as teachers, anxiety and inappropriate study methods were more responsible for students' failure than motivation, friends and family problems. Results also showed a significant difference between students who only failed the English course and those who failed two or more other courses. Those who failed two or more courses scored higher on anxiety than those who failed only English. Recommendations were that English teachers should be trained to follow collaborative learning and student-centered approaches and that the English curriculum for non-English major students should reflect their major.

Keywords: anxiety, motivation, students' failure, study methods, teachers.
Measuring the Relative Importance of Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Stimulating Economic Growth in Yemen: An Econometrics Study Using Co-integration Approach
Authors: Al-Hawri Prof. Dr. Mohammed Ahmed
Published: July 2022

The study attempted to analyze and evaluate the performance of monetary and fiscal policy for the period 2000-2014 and its effectiveness in increasing economic growth using the descriptive analytical and econometrics approach. The study also attempted to measure the relative importance of fiscal and monetary policies and their relationship to economic growth using the co-integration method and the error correction model, which allows measuring the relative importance of fiscal and monetary policy and its relation to economic activity. Analysis of fiscal and monetary indicators showed that there were imbalances and distortions in financial and monetary performance that contributed to the weak effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy in achieving economic stability and stimulating economic growth.

Keywords: co-integration method, fiscal policy, monetary policy, economic growth, error correction model.
Impact of Effectiveness and Efficiency of Internal Audit on Improving Financial Performance: A Field Study in Banks Operating in Yemen
Authors: Al-Sorihi Dr. Sultan Ali Ahmed , Al-Salafi Hamid Sa'ad Mohsen
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to examine the impact of the efficiency and effectiveness of internal audit in improving financial performance on banks operating in Yemen. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire was used to collect data from the population, where 216 questionnaires were distributed to a sample of board members, audit committees, internal audit and financial management of banks. After colecting the data, the statistical multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses of the study. The study findings revealed a high positive impact of the effectiveness and efficiency of internal audit on improving financial performance in banks. The findings also showed that the impact of effectiveness of internal audit was higher than that of its efficiency. Based on these results, it was recommended to pay attention to the effectiveness of internal audit, including its dimensions: (purpose, authority and responsibility) and (independence and objectivity). Attention should also be paid to the efficiency of internal auditing, including its dimensions: (professional diligince and skills) and (quality improvement program). It was also recommended to implement the recommendations of the bank internal auditors who should be independent and directly affiliated to the senior management and the audit committee.

Keywords: banks operating in Yemen, improving financial performance, effectiveness and efficiency of internal audit.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Administrative Empowerment: A Field Study at Pharmaceutical Manufacturers in Yemen
Authors: Prof. Dr. Abdullatif Musleh Mohammed Ayedh  , Dr. Abdulkarem Saleh Hussein Al-Qahfa
Published: July 2022

The study aimed to measure the impact of transformational leadership on administrative empowerment, and identify the level of practicing it at pharmaceutical manufacturers in Yemen. It also aimed to identify the level of administrative empowerment practice in these companies. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive and analytical method was adopted, and a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 330 participants selected by the complete sensus sampling method. However, only 227 of the questionnaires were valid for analysis. For data analysis, many descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Findings revealed that the level of practicing transformational leadership did not reach the expected level, as the mean was just medium. There were differences at the level of practicing the dimensions of transformational leadership; the highest effective difference was the intellectual arousal and the least one was the individualized consideration. Findings also showed that the level of administrative empowerment practice was medium, and the practice level of the dimension of authority delegation was high while participation in decision-making was low. Moreover, there were differences at the level of the impact of the dimensions of transformational leadership on administrative empowerment; the highest effective difference was the ideal effect and the least one was the individualized consideration. The study stressed the need to adopt various dimensions of transformational leadership, at pharmaceutical manufacturers in Yemen, with an emphasis on individualized consideration as this can have a great impact on administrative empowerment.

Keywords: administrative empowerment, pharmaceutical manufacturers in Yemen, transformational leadership
The Role of Organizational Culture in the Implementation of E-Administration: A Field Study at Banks in Hodeidah
Authors: Maged Abdul Wakil Fadhl Al-Qubati  , Ali Saleh Ali Al Ajam
Published: July 2022

The study aimed to identify the organizational culture practice and its impact on the application of e-administration in the banks operating in Hodeidah. The study used the descriptive analytical method. Since the study population consisted of only (146) administrative staff members, (126) members were selected by the complete census method to whom the questionnaire was distributed to collect relevant data. Major findings showed various degrees in the level of organizational culture and e-administration in favor of the independent variable (organizational culture). Findings also showed statistically significant positive impact of organizational culture represented by its four dimensions (organizational norms, organizational expectations, organizational values, and organizational beliefs) on the application of e-administration. Furthermore, it was found that there were no statistically significant differences of the mean scores among sample's responses on the level of application of e-administration attributed to their demographic variables. However, there were statistically significant differences in the level of organizational culture attributed to gender and courses of computer skills, but there were no differences in other demographic variables. The study recommends that organizational culture in banks regulations should be promoted in order to help them introduce modern technology (e-administration) in all their activities.
Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Higher Education Sector in Yemen and Response Requirements
Authors: Al Khateeb Khalil Mohammed , Al Awadhi Ali Abdullah
Published: July 2022

This study aimed at identifying the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on higher education sector in Yemen and the requirements of fighting the consequences. To achieve this objective, the study followed the descriptive content analysis method. The population and sample of the study were (46) items selected from the literature. Major findings revealed consequences of Covid-19 included suspension of university study, death of some university staff, spread of fear and anxiety among academic community, administrative staff and students, inability of Yemeni universities to use an alternative e-learning system (due to the lack of institutional technology), lack of e-learning material, bad internet services and the spread of technological illiteracy among most of teaching staff and students. In light of these findings, the study is concluded with a set of recommendations as follows: the creation of a unified body under the supervision of the two parties in Sana'a and Aden to manage Covid-19 crisis; strengthening awareness of protection; supporting medical services; providing the staff of the Ministry of Higher Education with health insurance; building technological capacity of universities to overcome technology illiteracy; and developing e-learning.
Role of Community Protection Project in Strengthening Palestinian Home Front and Means for Activation
Authors: د. محمود عبد المجيد عساف  , د. علاء محمد الغماري
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to identify the assessment degree of a sample of media and security people regarding the role of the community protection project in Palestine, which is being implemented by the National Commission forStrengthening Values and Behaviors in the community, in relation to some variables (gender, work type and years of experience). The study also attempted to propose a set of recommendations that might contribute to activating the role of community protection. To achieve this, the descriptive analytical method was followed and a questionnaire of 31 items was used to collect data from a sample of 118 participants. The study findingsrevealed that the degree assessment of the role of community protection in supporting home front requirements was high at a relative weight of (81%).The first dimension (communication with the occupying forces) received the highest degree, whereas (building national affiliation) received the lowest degree. There were no statistically significant differences (<0.05) among theparticipants attributed to years of experience and gender. On the other hand, there were differences attributed to work type in favor of security people. The study stressed the need to support security organizations in their pursuit to raise security awareness by encouraging the culture of media and security climate that supports home front. It was also recommended that project activities should be well-planned and all requirements should be made available to make the project sustainable.
Impact of Independent Internal Audit on External Audit Risks through Risk Management Governance: A Field Study of External Auditors at Audit Offices and Companies in the Republic of Yemen
Authors: أ.د. سلطان علي أحمد السريحي  , أ. صفاء محمد مجاهد الشيباني
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to investigate the impact of independent internal audit on the external audit risk assessments through risk management governance of a sample of external auditors (203) at the audit offices and companies in the Republic of Yemen. To achieve this objective, 203 questionnaires were distributed to external auditors at the audit offices and companies, but only (167) were valid for analysis. The study results revealed that there was a positive impact of independent internal audit and governance of risk management on the assessments of external audit risks. Further, there was a positive impact on the governance of risk management which also increased its indirect positive impact on assessing risks of external audit. It was also found that the most important dimensions related to the external audit risk assessments, from the respondents’ perspective, were detection risk, control risk, and inherent risk. The study recommended that the external auditor should use the method of comparing the enterprise information with the information that is similar to the economic sector in which it operates. The internal auditors should also be free of bias in their work, whereby risk management governance should be taken into account when developing the strategy of the enterprise.
The Impact of Family Business Governance on Organizational Innovation: A Field Study at Family Firms Operating in Yemen
Authors: Abdullah Al-Nashmi Dr. Murad Mohammed , Ali Shujaa Aldeen Dr. Mohammed Ahmed
Published: July 2022

This study aims to investigate the impact of family business governance (FBG) on organizational innovation (OIN) in family firms operating in Yemen. The study collected data from 219 family firms, and employed PLS-SEM to test the hypotheses and validate the study model. The results provide evidence of the influence of FBG on OIN in family firms, and that the application of FBG practices promotes better results at the organizational level seen as product innovation and process innovation. The results show that there are significant differences in organizational innovation that can be attributed to the size of the firm, while no differences are found to be attributed to the generation in charge. These findings provide a better understanding of the innovativeness in family firms with respect to the different roles of formal and informal governance structures, and may help business families to develop more effective governance structures out of which more active stewards with more innovative ideas can help trigger better organizational innovation. This paper attempts to update the current knowledge concerning inconsistency of findings in prior studies, and so contributes in updating research opportunities with respect to heterogeneity in family firms.
Reproductive rights of women with intellectual disability in India.
Authors: Ganjekar Sundarnag , Moirangthem Sydney , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Desai Geetha , Bada Math Suresh
Published: July 2022

The reproductive rights of women with intellectual disability (WID) are a matter of concern for all stakeholders, including the woman herself, caregivers, guardians and her treating physicians. The judicial system often calls upon psychiatrists to opine regarding the “capacity to consent” of a WID to procedures such as medical termination of pregnancy and permanent sterilisation. Apart from physical and obstetric examinations, assessment of mental status and intelligence quotient (IQ) are also carried out to facilitate an understanding of the above issue. The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, (RPwD) and the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, elucidate what constitutes free and informed consent as well as how to assess capacity. The assessment process of “capacity to consent” to reproductive system procedures among WID is important and can guide clinicians. Before assessing capacity, the treating physicians should educate a WID with appropriate information on the proposed procedure, its risks and benefits through various means of communication and then evaluate the “capacity to consent” to the procedure. This article summarises the provisions of the existing legislations on the reproductive rights of WID and puts forward guidance for clinicians on how to approach the issue.
A Case Study of Multicultural Music Education Practice in Primary Schools -Taking Nanjing Xiaoying Primary School as an Example
Authors: Zhu Beilei
Published: July 2022

Under the influence of the development trend of global economic integration, the concept of multicultural music education has gradually attracted the attention and research of multinational music education circles. After summarizing relevant scholars’ literature on multicultural music education through literature research, I find out the research and practice status of multicultural music education at home and abroad, and forwards strategies for how can the education entering primary school. On this basis, after writing the course objectives, chapter arrangements and course content, I used the practice research method to take class four and five，grade six of Nanjing Xiaoying Primary School as the practice object, and conducted a 16-week teaching practice around multicultural music education from September 2021 to December 2021. It is concluded through practice that multicultural music education not only conforms to the development of the times, but also helps to enhance students’ interest in music learning, enriches the content of music teaching, and helps students establish a prototype of the world’s music context. In specific implementation process, students’ innovative ability should be affirmed, and the differences in singing ability among individuals and the acceptance of the depth and breadth of teaching content need to be adjusted in practice.
On the Application of Picture Book Reading Therapy to the Psychological Intervention of Single-Parent Children Aged 5-6
Authors: Yang Lina , Lin Shuqian
Published: July 2022

Emotional regulation has a critical influence on an individual’s mental health and personality. In the long run, negative coping styles will create antisocial personalities. In recent years, the data on single-parent families has increased significantly, resulting in a sharp increase in the number of single-parent children. Without positive guidance of adults, children are usually unable to get rid of the negative effects brought by single-parent families, let alone acquiring good emotional development. Therefore, given the age development characteristics of children aged 5-6 and the anxiety and loneliness behavior of single-parent children aged 5-6, this study selected some picture books that these children could understand as the therapy medium, and preliminarily proposed a reading plan. Based on the revised Spence (2001) Preschool Children Anxiety Questionnaire and the UCLA Loneliness Scale Questionnaire, the anxiety and loneliness scores of 20 children in the experimental group and the emotional scores of 20 children in the control group were continuously compared. Finally, a four-stage picture book reading therapy suitable for single-parent children aged 5-6 was established, its four stage tasks including anxiety and loneliness recognition, self-awareness building, anxiety and loneliness settlement and peer sharing”.
A comparison of postoperative blood lactate concentrations and kinetics in cardiac surgical patients being and not being administered metformin
Authors: Ampatzidou Fotini , Diplaris Konstantinos , Drosos Odysseas , Drossos George
Published: July 2022

Aim. Early discontinuation of metformin before cardiac surgery is advised by several national societies but no hard evidence exist supporting this practice. This precaution is mostly extrapolated by data on different clinical settings. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of preoperative metformin use on lactate concentrations and lactate clearance during the first postoperative day after cardiac surgery.Methods. Among 367 consecutive patients who underwent elective on-pump cardiac surgery from January 2019 to October 2019, 109 were diabetics, 74 of which were treated with metformin. Data on lactate concentrations and clearance during the first postoperative day were prospectively collected on arrival, H6, H12 and H24 in the ICU and compared. A subgroup analysis focusing only on diabetic patients was also performed. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to investigate the data based on group, time and their interaction effects.Results. Lactate concentrations were the same for both groups upon arrival in the ICU. Interestingly, metformin users had lower lactate concentrations than non-users on the following measurements (p = 0.003 at 6 h and p = 0.01 at 24 h). No significant interaction was found between the two groups (p = 0.76). No difference was found between the two groups in terms of lactate clearance (p = 0.53). In the subgroup analysis no difference was found between metformin users and non-users neither on lactate concentrations (p = 0.61) nor on lactate clearance (p = 0.86).Conclusions. In a post cardiac surgery ICU setting, using metformin up until the night before surgery was not associated with increased postoperative lactate concentrations or impaired lactate clearance.
Publication ethics of human studies in the light of the Declaration of Helsinki – a mini-review
Authors: Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia , Gruszczyński Dawid , Guzik Przemysław , Mostowska Adrianna , Walkowiak Jarosław
Published: July 2022

The Declaration of Helsinki is a set of ethical principles to be followed by scientists involved in medical research with humans or human cells and tissues. This Declaration defines how scientific research should be planned, carried out, documented, analysed, and published.

We summarise and discuss some ethical issues related to publishing original articles, including clinical trials, review papers, and case reports based on the seventh revision of the Declaration of Helsinki.

The principles of the Declaration of Helsinki refer most strongly to the publication of medical research results, in particular clinical trials, as original articles. Such papers must meet several ethical requirements, especially the study protocol transparency and the presentation of the results. For case reports, the bioethical aspects related to their publication are twofold - they must include informed and voluntary consent and the confidentiality of study participants. The review papers are of the least bioethical concern. However, whether patients' agreements with specific studies are valid if the data are used in meta-analyses is uncertain.

Adherence to ethical policies and standards helps to ensure the highest possible quality of scientific publications. Responsibility for compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki lies not only with the authors preparing their manuscripts but also with the editorial board and reviewers, who must evaluate the ethical soundness of the submitted papers. The additional guidelines for the different types of studies facilitate the implementation of the Declaration principles.
A Critical Analysis of the Quantum Nonlocality Problem
Authors: Lambare Justo Pastor
Published: July 2022

The alleged nonlocal character of quantum mechanics is inextricably related to the formulation of the Bell theorem. However, as we shall see, that relation is commonly incorrectly assessed. The departure from the clear line of reasoning that John Bell tried to convey has led to a polarization of part of the scientific community into radical irreconcilable positions. We show how the correct appreciation of Bell's work calls for reinterpreting the usual significance given to the Bell theorem yielding a more rational perspective of the problem. Given the relevance of the Bell-type inequalities in quantum information technology and quantum foundations, further clarification of their relation to the nonlocality conundrum deserves due attention. The exposition is also of didactic value. It shows the problems arising from incorrect inferences and superfluous metaphysical ideas.
Use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Selected Methods in the Managerial Decision-Making Process in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Stofkova Jana , Krejnus Matej , Stofkova Katarina Repkova , Malega Peter , Binasova Vladimira
Published: July 2022

This article describes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method which can be calculated by several methods. The AHP method is essential for the managerial decision-making to recognize which method is efficient for the calculation and to determine the proper order of criteria. In the article there are included methods that can be used in order to calculate the matrix in the AHP process for setting criteria such as Geometric mean, Arithmetic mean, Row sum of the adjusted the Saaty matrix, Reverse sums of the Saaty matrix columns and Row sums of the Saaty matrix. The paper is focused on the accuracy of the methods used. The results show that the most accurate method is the Saaty method, and the second most accurate method is the geometric mean in order to determine the ranking. This method is easier to use when the same order is achieved as in the Saaty method, followed by Geometric mean, which is favourable for fast and easy determination of alternatives using in the AHP process. The survey carried out among managers graduated from Universities and Colleges in Slovakia showed that the respondents considered the Saaty method as the most complex and also the most difficult method and the geometric mean average method the simplest method. 44% of respondents stated that they are capable to use a program to calculate the AHP. 46% of respondents said they had experience with some method related to the managerial decision-making process. 72% of managers regarded as important to manage some method for decision-making in their managerial position.
Evaluation of Surface Water Resource Availability under the Impact of Climate Change in the Dhidhessa Sub-Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Merga Damtew Degefe , Adeba Dereje , Regasa Motuma Shiferaw , Leta Megersa Kebede
Published: July 2022

The main target of this study was to evaluate the impact of future climate change on the available surface water resources in the Dhidhessa Sub-basin, Abbay Basin, Ethiopia. For the prediction, high-resolution Regional Climate Models (RCMs) from multiple climate models with data from Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) prepared by the CCAFS were used. The predictions of future discharge (stream flow) were based on climate scenarios data of baseline period of 1991 to 2020 and for the future with two time windows, 2044 (2030–2059) and 2084 (2070–2099), on a monthly time step after bias correction was conducted to both precipitation and temperature in the future climate under each RCP scenario. After sensitivity analysis, calibration (1994–2011), and validation (2012–2020) of the model for the Dhidhessa Sub-basin with the SUFI-2 program in the SWAT-CUP model, the SWAT model was used to determine water balance and stream flow from the SWAT model system. The SWAT model performed well in predicting stream flow in the Dhidhessa Sub-basins, with a coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.8 to 0.94 and a Nash Sutcliffe value (NSE) ranging from 0.76 to 0.89. The percent decrease in mean annual stream flow from 2044 and 2084 were 10 %, in 2044, and 6.3% in 2084 respectively. The seasonal result under short-term 2044 of stream flow present change significantly decreased in spring, winter, and autumn with 20.2%, 67.4%, and 67.4% respectively. While summer season increased by 43.1%, under short-term 204. In long-term 2084 percent change declined except summer seasons, with 14.7%, 58.1%, and 3.3%, change in spring, winter, and autumn, respectively, and summer, with 51.1% increased and With RCP4.5 (1.64%) and RCP8.5 (2.1%) changed. In the future Dhidhessa stream flow increases and decreases from the baseline era. The decreasing stream flow in 2044 and 2084 will negatively affect agricultural production. This study revealed that any effect on this river resulting in a drop in flow will have a direct impact on ongoing water resource development and socio-economic development of the area.
NIH SenNet Consortium: Mapping Senescent Cells in the Human Body to Understand Health and Disease
Authors: Lee Patty , Blood Philip , Börner Katy , Campisi Judith , Chen Feng , Daldrup-Link Heike , De Jager Phil , Ding Li , Duncan Francesca E. , Eickelberg Oliver , Fan Rong , Finkel Toren , Garovic Vesna , Gehlenborg Nils , Glass Carolyn , Bar-Joseph Ziv , Katiyar Pragati , Kim So-Jin , Königshoff Melanie , Kuchel George , Lee Haesung , Lee Jun H. , Ma Jian , Ma Qin , Melov Simon , Metis Kay , Mora Ana L. , Musi Nicolas , Neretti Nicola , Passos João F. , Rahman Irfan , Rivera-Mulia Juan Carlos , Robson Paul , Rojas Mauricio , Roy Ananda L. , Schilling Birgit , Shi Pixu , Silverstein Jonathan , Suryadevera Vidyani , Xie Jichun , Wang Jinhua , Wong An-Kwok Ian , Niedernhofer Laura
Published: July 2022

Cells respond to a myriad of stressors by senescing, acquiring stable growth arrest, morphologic and metabolic changes, and a senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype (SASP). The heterogeneity of senescent cells (SnCs) and their SASP is vast, yet poorly characterized. SnCs have diverse roles in health and disease and are therapeutically targetable, making characterization of SnCs and harmonization of their nomenclature a priority. The Cellular Senescence Network (SenNet), a NIH Common Fund initiative, will leverage emerging single cell and spatial-omics to identify and map SnCs in numerous organs across the lifespan of humans and mice. A common coordinate framework will integrate the data, using validated, standardized methods, creating public 4-dimensional SnC atlases. Key SenNet deliverables include development of innovative tools/technologies to detect SnCs, biomarker discovery, common annotations to describe SnCs and extensive public data sets. The goal is to comprehensively understand and map SnCs for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes to improve human health.
Association of Circular RNA and Long Noncoding RNA Dysregulation to Clinical Response to Immunotherapy in Cutaneous Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Oliver Javier , Onieva Juan Luis , Garrido-Barros Maria , Berciano-Guerrero Miguel , Sánchez Alfonso , Lozano Maria Jose , Farngren Angela , Álvarez Martina , Martinez-Galvez Beatriz , Pérez Elisabeth , Alba Emilio , Cobo-Dols Manuel , Rueda-Dominguez Antonio , Barragán Isabel
Published: July 2022

Cutaneous Melanoma (CM) is the most lethal form of skin cancer if it becomes metastatic, where treatment options and survival chances decrease dramatically. Immunotherapy treatments based on the immunologic checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1 and CTLA4) constituted a main breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic CM, particularly in the long-term benefit. However, several molecular pathways are responsible for the failure of this strategy in about 50-70% of CM patients. Some Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNA) are implicated in triggering pro- and antitumorigenic responses to various cancer treatments. The relationship between lncRNA, circRNA and Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) immunotherapy is not extensively explored in cutaneous metastatic melanoma (CMM). The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential role of both circRNA and lncRNA as a predictive immunotherapy biomarker in CMM. RNA-seq from 12 FFPE samples from the metastatic biopsy of metastatic melanoma patients treated with Nivolumab were analyzed. Our findings indicate that specific lncRNA and circRNA are involved in regulatory networks of the immune response against metastatic melanoma under treatment with nivolumab. Moreover, we have established a risk score that allows the prediction of Overall survival (OS) and Progression-free survival (PFS) of CMM patients with high accuracy. This proof of principle work provides a possible insight on the function of ceRNA, contributing to decipher the complex molecular mechanism of ICB cancer treatment response.
Do Sex Hormones Influence the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch Effect?
Authors: Foutch Brian K
Published: July 2022

Saturated lights appear brighter than white lights of the same luminance. This phenomenon is known as the Helmholtz-Kohlrausch (H-K) effect and can be estimated by modeling achromatic luminance and saturation to total brightness. These models have been shown to differ between women and men and are more variable in women. The variation in brightness models among women may be due to hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle. To test this, total brightness and achromatic luminance were measured across blue, green, yellow-green, yellow, and red hues. These data were measured along with salivary hormone levels for nine cycling women at points representing the menstrual, peri-ovulation, and luteal phases. These data were also collected for seven oral contraceptive (OC) users. There were no main effects of OC use nor menstrual cycle phase on B/L ratios, but ratios were higher for the red stimulus in cycling women than OC users. Red B/L ratios were also higher for cycling women than OC users during the luteal phase. Estrogen, progesterone, and their interaction predicted 18% of the variation in brightness for cycling women. These models could not be fit for OC users, and estrogen only accounted for 5% of brightness variance with progesterone terms omitted. These findings and potential mechanisms are discussed in the context of previous results.
Failed Emancipations: Youth Transitions, Migration and the Future in Morocco
Authors: Sánchez-García José , Feixa Carles , Premat Celia , Hansen Nele
Published: July 2022

Various authors have highlighted the importance of marriage as a social marker that alter the so-cial categorization of individuals and their relationships from youth to adulthood according to the cultural construction of the life course in Arab countries. This article aims to analyze the in-teraction between the socio-political framework (structure) and the capacity for individual action (agency) in the context of biographical experiences to achieve emancipation in Morocco. This per-spective responds to the demand of different authors to include the subjective approaches of young people in the process of analysis. This analysis will be guided by some questions: Which is the capacity of young Arabs to decide the orientation of their life trajectories? What factors (cultural, family, socioeconomic, educational, etc.) create and shape the expectations of young people re-garding their transition to adult life? Is there a specific model of emancipation in the Arab Medi-terranean countries?
Do Written Responses to Open-Ended Questions on Fourthgrade Online Formative Assessments in Mathematics Help Predict Scores on End-of-Year Standardized Tests?
Authors: Urrutia Felipe , Araya Roberto
Published: July 2022

Predicting long-term student achievement is a critical task for teachers and for educational data mining. However, most of the models do not consider two typical situations in real-life classrooms. The first is that teachers develop their own questions for online formative assessment. Therefore, there are a huge number of possible questions, each of which is answered by only a few students. Second, online formative assessment often involves open-ended questions that students answer in writing. These types of questions in online formative assessment are highly valuable. However, analyzing the responses automatically can be a complex process. In this paper, we address these two challenges. We analyzed 621,575 answers to closed-ended questions and 16,618 answers to open-ended questions by 464 fourth-graders from 24 low-SES schools. Using linguistic features of the answers and an automatic incoherent response classifier, we built a linear model that predicts the score on and end-of-year national standardized test. We found that despite answering 36.4 times fewer open-ended questions than closed questions, including features of the students’ open responses in our model improved our prediction of their end-of-year test scores. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a predictor of end-of-year test scores has been improved by using automatically detected features of answers to open-ended questions on online formative assessments.
MsIFS: Multi-Source Information Fusion Based on Information Sets
Authors: Yang Fei fei , Zhang Peng fei
Published: July 2022

Multi-source information fusion (MSIF) is a sophisticated estimating technique that enables users to more precisely analyze complex situations by successfully merging key evidence in the vast, varied, and occasionally contradictory data obtained from various sources. Restricted by the data collection technology and incomplete data of information sources, it may lead to large uncertainty in the fusion process and affect the quality of fusion. Reducing uncertainty in the fusion process is one of the most important challenges for MSIF. In view of this, a multi-source information fusion method based on information sets (MsIFS) is proposed in this paper. First, constructing different agents according to four membership degree functions with the help of the concept of information sets. Then, Shannon agent entropy and Shannon inverse agent entropy are defined, and their summation is used to evaluate the total uncertainty of the attribute values and agents. Finally, a MSIF algorithm is designed by infimum-measure approach. The experimental results show the rationality and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
SEPM 2020 DEI SURVEY SUMMARY REPORT
Authors: Harper Howard
Published: July 2022

This summary includes the results of all of the questions in the survey with some introductory and concluding comments. These results are a snapshot of the diversity of SEPM’s responding members and a small number of the non-member sedimentary geology community.
Transient and Steady-State Aspects of Gas Condensate Well Performance
Authors: Chopra Anil K.
Published: July 2022

Several important reservoir engineering aspects of gas condensate well performance are investigated using an IMPES (Implicit Pressure Explicit Saturation) compositional simulator which employs a modified Redlich Kwong Equation of State to describe phase equilibria. These aspects are: total hydrocarbon fluid production rate, saturation and pressure profiles, gas-oil ratio and produced fluid compositions. The simulations are performed using a gas condensate fluid from a reservoir in the Overthrust Belt. The initial condition is a constant reservoir pressure. Simulations include transient state when two-phase flow occurs and steady-state when the flowing phase composition becomes constant. Both radial and linear systems are examined.

Excellent agreement between the results of the compositional simulator at steady-state/near steady-state conditions and the two-phase steady-state theory (Chopra and Carter1) is obtained. A step-by-step procedure to compute performance of gas condensate wells using the two-phase steady-state theory is illustrated. It is shown that the two-phase steady-state theory is a satisfactory approach for predicting the performance of gas condensate wells once the criteria for steady-state are satisfied. The conventional criteria to determine when steady-state is achieved for single phase systems are not applicable to two-phase gas condensate systems. Based on a study of the produced fluid compositions and the areal extent of the two-phase region, criteria for steady-state are suggested. A compositional simulator is needed to model transient conditions. The valuable applications of the two-phase steady-state theory are to validate a simulator and evolve new techniques for two-phase pressure transient analysis techniques.
Dual-Targeted Near-Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Esophageal Cancer and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Sato Hiroaki , Noma Kazuhiro , Ohara Toshiaki , Kawasaki Kento , Akai Masaaki , Kobayashi Teruki , Nishiwaki Noriyuki , Narusaka Toru , Komoto Satoshi , Kashima Hajime , Katsura Yuki , Kato Takuya , Kikuchi Satoru , Tazawa Hiroshi , Kagawa Shunsuke , Shirakawa Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Hisataka , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi
Published: July 2022

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a significant role in tumor progression within the tumor microenvironment. Previously, we used near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), a next-generation cancer cell-targeted phototherapy, to establish CAF-targeted NIR-PIT. In this study, we investigated whether dual-targeted NIR-PIT, targeting cancer cells and CAFs, could be a therapeutic strategy. A total of 132 cases of esophageal cancer were analyzed for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression using immunohistochemistry. Human esophageal cancer cells and CAFs were co-cultured and treated with single- or dual-targeted NIR-PIT in vitro. These cells were co-inoculated into BALB/c-nu/nu mice and the tumors were treated with single-targeted NIR-PIT or dual-targeted NIR-PIT in vivo. Survival analysis showed FAP- or EGFR-high patients had worse survival than patients with low expression of FAP or EGFR (log-rank, p < 0.001 and p = 0.074, respectively), while no difference was observed in HER2 status. In vitro, dual (EGFR/FAP)-targeted NIR-PIT induced specific therapeutic effects in cancer cells and CAFs along with suppressing tumor growth in vivo, whereas single-targeted NIR-PIT did not show any significance. Moreover, these experiments demonstrated that dual-targeted NIR-PIT could treat cancer cells and CAFs simultaneously with a single NIR light irradiation. We demonstrated the relationship between EGFR/FAP expression and prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer and the stronger therapeutic effect of dual-targeted NIR-PIT than single-targeted NIR-PIT in experimental models. Thus, dual-target NIR-PIT might be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
Unrelated umbilical cord blood can improve the prognosis of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yang Ying , Zhang Ming , Li Mengqi , Li Yingchun , Yang Wei , Liu Zhuogang , Wang Hongtao
Published: July 2022

Background :Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) is widely used as a curative treatment strategy for most types of hematological diseases. However, strategies for enhancing the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect without aggravating the graft versus host disease (GVHD) effect are still being pursued.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed to compare the outcomes between combined unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB-haplo HSCT) and haplo HSCT.Results: The results showed that neither aGVHD nor cGVHD was increased in the UCB-haplo HSCT group, and the engraftment and infection rates were similar between the two groups. However, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were significantly improved, while transplantation-related mortality (TRM) and relapse were significantly decreased in the UCB-haplo HSCT group by both univariate and multivariate analyses.Conclusion: Our results indicated that the addition of a UCB unit could improve the prognosis of haplo-HSCT and enhance the GVL effect without increasing the incidence of GVHD. Trial registration: The cohort study was retrospectively registered at https://www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR2100046681.
Mycobacterium Effects of Traits for Microscopy
Authors: Ubani Solomon
Published: July 2022

Research was to study mycobacterium a species of pathogenic bacteria. The research question was impervious to Gram staining resultant of either negative or positive effects. The method involve studies of mycobacterium an etiologic parasite. These were 2 to 4 micrometers in length and 0.2 to 0.5µm in width. The results showed the bacteria settlement in the cytoplasm of the plants and growth. This suggested it can be transferred to other eukaryotes. Plants were immunoprevention treatment 15mL each day for a month. Eukaryotic with possibility of mycobacterium should be considered for treatment at least 15mm of induration or had a Gram-positive result. It concluded the treatment had streptomycin production a synthesis inhibitor. It combined to small 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit prevention of binds of formyl-methinonyl-tRNA to the sequence.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of university students in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Misra Anamika V. , Mamdouh Heba M. , Dani Anita , Mitchell Vivienne , Hussain Hamid Y. , Ibrahim Gamal M. , Dalky Heyam F. , Alnakhi Wafa K.
Published: July 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the mental well-being of students worldwide. There is a scarcity of information on the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed to investigate the mental health impact of the COVID-19, including depression, anxiety and resilience among a sample of university students in the UAE. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted from September to November 2021. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) were used to assess depression, anxiety, and resilience. The COVID-19 impact was assessed using a list of questions. Results: Only, 798 students completed the survey and were analyzed for this study. Overall, 74.8% of the students were females, 91.2% were never married, and 66.3% were UAE-nationals. Based on PHQ-9 and GAD-7 cut-off scores (≥ 10), four out of ten of the students self-reported moderate and severe depression (40.9%) and anxiety (39.1%). Significantly higher mean PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores were found among students who were impacted by COVID-19 than those non-impacted (mean PHQ-9 of 9.51± 6.39 and 6.80 ±6.34; p= 0.001, respectively) and (mean GAD-7 of 9.03 ±6.00 and 8.54 ±6.02; respectively, p < 0.001). Female students who were impacted by COVID-19 had statistically significant higher depression and anxiety scores than the non-impacted females (mean PHQ-9 of 9.14 ±5.86 versus 6.83 ±6.25, respectively; p<0.001 and mean GAD-7 of 9.57 ±6.32 versus 5.15 ±3.88, respectively; p= 0.005). Never married students had significantly higher PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores than ever-married (9.31 ± 6.37 versus 6.93 ± 5.47, P=0.003) and (8.89 ± 6.11 versus 7.13 ± 5.49, respectively; p=0.017). Only one in ten of the students revealed high resilience levels, however, differences in the mean CD-RISC-10 scores by COVID-19 impact were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the mental health of this sample of university students in terms of depression and anxiety. The results highlight the need to adopt culturally appropriate interventions for university students and focus on vulnerable groups.
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt versus endoscopic third ventriculostomy for post-thalamic hemorrhage hydrocephalus
Authors: Chen Bin , Lu Wenchao , Feng Kang , Xu Jun , Jia Dong
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in the treatment of hydrocephalus after thalamic hemorrhage (TH), so as to provide reasonable surgical treatment.Methods: The clinical data of 87 patients with hydrocephalus after TH admitted to our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into VPS group and ETV group according to different surgical methods. The operation time, hospital stay, complications and reoperation rate of the two groups were compared.Results: There was no statistical difference in intraoperative bleeding and length of hospital stay between the two groups, and all patients had external ventricular drainage. (EVD) removed successfully after surgery. 7 (16.6%) complications in the ETV group and 5 (11.0%) complications in the VPS group. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. 10 cases (26.2%) in the ETV group required reoperation and 4 cases (8.9%) in the VPS group required reoperation. There was significant difference in reoperation rate between the two groups. In subgroup analysis, TH with fourth ventricular hemorrhage, 7 cases (16.7%) required reoperation in the ETV and 1 case (2.2%) required reoperation in the VPS group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant.Conclusion: Both ETV and VPS have good efficacy in treating hydrocephalus caused by TH and TH breaking into the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle, and the EVD can be successfully removed after surgery. However, if the hydrocephalus caused by TH with fourth ventricular hematoma, the reoperation rate of ETV is higher, and such patients are more suitable for VPS. Therefore, the choice of surgical methods should be adopted based on the patient's clinical manifestations, hematoma type.