bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The age-related decline in spatiotemporal gait characteristics is moderated by concerns of falling, history of falls & diseases, and sociodemographic-anthropometric characteristics in 60–94 years old adults
Authors: Niederer Daniel , Engeroff Tobias , Fleckenstein Johannes , Vogel Oliver , Vogt Lutz
Published: October 2021

Background

Associations between age, concerns or history of falling, and various gait parameters are evident. Limited research, however, exists on how such variables moderate the age-related decline in gait characteristics. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the moderating effects of concerns of falling (formerly referred to as fear of falling), history of falls & diseases, and sociodemographic characteristics on changes in gait characteristics with increasing age in the elderly.

Methods

In this individual participant level data re-analysis, data from 198 participants (n = 125 females) from 60 to 94 years of age were analysed (mean 73.9, standard deviation 7.7 years). Dependent variables were major spatiotemporal gait characteristics, assessed using a capacitive force measurement platform (zebris FDM-T). Age (independent variable) and the moderating variables concerns of falling (FES-I), gender/sex, history of falls and fall-related medical records, number of drugs daily taken, and body mass index were used in the statistical analysis. Hierarchical linear mixed moderation models (multilevel analysis) with stepwise (forward) modelling were performed.

Results

Decreases of gait speed (estimate = −.03, equals a decrease of 0.03 m/s per year of ageing), absolute (− 1.4) and gait speed-normalized (−.52) stride length, step width (−.08), as well as increases in speed normalized cadence (.65) and gait speed variability (.15) are all age-related (each p < .05). Overall and specific situation-related concerns of falling (estimates: −.0012 to −.07) were significant moderators. History of potentially gait- and/or falls-affecting diseases accelerated the age-related decline in gait speed (−.002) and its variability (.03). History of falls was, although non-significant, a relevant moderator (in view of increasing the model fit) for cadence (.058) and gait speed (−.0027). Sociodemographics and anthropometrics showed further moderating effects (sex moderated the ageing effect on stride length, .08; height moderated the effect on the normalised stride length, .26; BMI moderated the effects on step width, .003). .

Conclusion

Age-related decline in spatiotemporal gait characteristics is moderated by concerns of falling, (non-significantly) by history of falls, significantly by history of diseases, and sociodemographic characteristics in 60–94 years old adults. Knowing the interactive contributions to gait impairments could be helpful for tailoring interventions for the prevention of falls.

Trial registration

Re-analysis of [21–24].
Characteristics of and risk factors for biliary pathogen infection in patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Shayan , Shi Jiyu , Chen Minghui , Ma Jun , Zeng Zhaowei , Wang Rui , Cui Yunfeng , Gao Xue
Published: October 2021

Background

Infection in patients with acute pancreatitis, especially severe acute pancreatitis patients, is a common and important phenomenon, and the distributions and drug resistance profiles of bacteria causing biliary infection and related risk factors are dynamic. We conducted this study to explore the characteristics of and risk factors for bacterial infection in the biliary tract to understand antimicrobial susceptibility, promote the rational use of antibiotics, control multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and provide guidance for the treatment of acute pancreatitis caused by drug-resistant bacteria.

Methods

The distribution of 132 strains of biliary pathogenic bacteria in patients with acute pancreatitis from January 2016 to December 2020 were analyzed. We assessed drug resistance in the dominant Gram-negative bacteria and studied the drug resistance profiles of multidrug-resistant bacteria by classifying Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermentative bacteria. We then retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and risk factors associated with 72 strains of Gram-negative bacilli, which were divided into multidrug-resistant bacteria (50 cases) and non-multidrug-resistant bacteria (22 cases).

Results

The main bacteria were Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli had a 66.67% detection rate. Acinetobacter baumannii had more than 50.00% drug resistance to carbapenems, ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae had 100.00% drug resistance, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had 66.67% resistance to carbapenems. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the administration of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins was an independent risk factor for Gram-negative multidrug-resistant biliary bacterial infection in acute pancreatitis patients.

Conclusion

Drug resistance among biliary pathogens in acute pancreatitis patients remains high; therefore, rational antimicrobial drug use and control measures should be carried out considering associated risk factors to improve diagnosis and treatment quality in acute pancreatitis patients.
Postpartum depression and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Lan , Guo Nafei , Jiang Hui
Published: October 2021

Background

Despite the increased global interest from researchers in postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD), studies of PPD in China have shown a wide range of variability. Indeed, the prevalence and risk factors for PP-PTSD have received little attention in China.

Aim

To determine the prevalence of PPD and PP-PTSD in China, and to examine the relationships between a range of sociodemographic, pregnancy-related, and newborn-related variables, and PPD and PP-PTSD.

Methods

A cross-sectional study involving 1136 women who returned to the obstetrics clinic for routine postpartum examination were enrolled. The sociodemographic, pregnancy-related, and newborn-related characteristics were collected. Social support, and PPD and PP-PTSD symptoms were measured by the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the Perinatal Post-traumatic Stress Questionnaire (PPQ).

Results

The prevalence rates of PPD and PP-PTSD symptoms were 23.5 and 6.1%, respectively. A multivariate model showed that the presence of PP-PTSD was the strongest risk factor for PPD symptoms and vice versa. Other risk factors for PPD included low sleep quality, low social support and newborn’s incubator admission. In terms of PP-PTSD symptoms, risk factors included the presence of PPD symptoms, non-Han ethnicity, and low social support, while having one child was a protective factor.

Conclusions

This study addressed some gaps in the literature and provided a better understanding of PPD and PP-PTSD in China, which may contribute to early detection and intervention. Attention should be paid to women who are most susceptible to PPD and/or PP-PTSD, including those with low social support, low sleep quality, newborn’s incubator admission, non-Han ethnicity, and women with siblings.
Cemented hemiarthroplasty versus proximal femoral nail antirotation in the management of intertrochanteric femoral fractures in the elderly: a case control study
Authors: Jin Zhuangzhuang , Xu Shuoyan , Yang Yue , Wei Yingliang , Tian Yicheng , Wang Ziyuan , Bai Lunhao
Published: October 2021

Background

The treatment for intertrochanteric femoral fractures (IFF) among the elderly has been a controversial topic. Hemiarthroplasty (HA) and proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) have their own advantages in the management of IFF. Hence, this study aims to compare and analyze differences in the effectiveness of both procedures on IFF among the elderly.

Methods

Overall, 99 patients (81.09 ± 8.29 years; 68 women) underwent HA or PFNA from January 2016 to May 2020. IFF were classified according to the Arbeitsgemeins für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification. The difference in underlying diseases, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, Singh index, Harris scores, surgical time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative blood test results, postoperative number of days to partially bearing weight, and survival outcomes were analyzed. Postoperative follow-ups were performed every 3 months.

Results

There was no significant difference in the AO classification, underlying diseases, ASA grade, Singh index, surgical time, and survival outcomes of the HA (45 patients) group and PFNA group (54 patients). The HA group was associated with earlier partial weight-bearing (HA: 4 [2 ~ 4.5] days, PFNA: 10 [8~14] days). It also had a higher total Harris score than the PFNA group at the 6-month follow-up visit (HA: 86.8 [81.90 ~ 90.23], PFNA: 83.48 [75.13 ~ 88.23]). Harris scores decreased more in patients aged ≥90 years in the PFNA group than in the HA group. The postoperative stress recovery rate in the HA group was faster based on postoperative blood test results.

Conclusions

PFNA and HA have good therapeutic effects in the treatment of IFF. The advantages of HA were reflected in short-term weight bearing, faster recovery from stress, and better joint function in the long term. This advantage is more obvious in the patient population aged over 90 years. Therefore, we suggest that surgeons should consider the benefit of HA in the treatment of IFF among the elderly.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000035814. Registered 17 August 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=57083
The diagnostic pitfalls of lumbar disc herniation---- malignant sciatic nerve tumour: two case reports and literature review
Authors: Zhao Li , Wei Junqiang , Wan Chenguang , Han Shuhong , Sun He
Published: October 2021

Background

Sciatica pain is a typical symptom of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), but some neurogenic and malignant tumours surrounding the sciatic nerve can also cause similar symptoms. These tumours are often misdiagnosed or even mistreated as LDH in clinical practice.

Case presentation

In our clinical practice, we found two patients with malignant tumours who were misdiagnosed with LDH. One patient complained of pain and numbness in the right lower limb. The primary diagnosis was LDH, and the patient underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery. After the operation, the symptoms were not alleviated. Then, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma involving the soft tissue and the sciatic nerve was identified. Another patient who manifested with radiating pain in the right lower limb was diagnosed with LDH at Chengde Central Hospital. He received regular conservative treatment for approximately 6 months, but his symptoms were not relieved, and then he was referred to our hospital. A malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) of the sciatic nerve was diagnosed, and he received cisplatin (DDP) chemohyperthermia.

Conclusions

Descriptions of tumour lesions involving the sciatic nerve and misdiagnosed as LDH in the literature are rare. In the reported literature, 7 patients were misdiagnosed with LDH, and all patients presented with sciatica. Among them, 4 patients only received surgical treatment, 1 patient only underwent neurolysis, and 2 patients received both surgical and chemotherapy treatment. Their low incidence and similar clinical manifestations to LDH make malignant tumours involving the sciatic nerve easy to misdiagnose. When the clinical symptoms and signs are inconsistent with the imaging findings, we need to be aware of non-discogenic sciatica, including tumours involving the sciatic nerve. Furthermore, tumours that grow near the exit of the sciatic notch may be misdiagnosed because of their deeper location and because they are covered with gluteal muscles. Sometimes sciatica caused by sciatic nerve tumours is only distal, without any radicular distribution. This pain is more severe than that caused by LDH, and this pain is not related to the position of the lumbar spine. Thus, it is beneficial to perform a detailed physical examination of the sciatic nerve to avoid this kind of misdiagnosis.
Demographic and Clinical Outcomes of Brazilian Patients With Stage III or IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Evidence Study on the Basis of Deterministic Linkage Approach
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Gil , Abadi Marcia Datz , de Mendonça Batista Paula , Serra Fernando Brandão , Peixoto Rodrigo Buzzatti , Okumura Lucas Miyake , Cerqueira Erica Regina
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE

Non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and accounts for 80%-90% of the cases. In Brazil, between 2018 and 2019, lung cancer was ranked as the second most frequent cancer among men and the fourth among women. The primary objectives were to describe the journey and survival rates of patients with advanced NSCLC treated in the Brazilian private health care system (HCS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was based on the search in administrative databases to analyze the Brazilian private HCS. Patients with advanced NSCLC diagnosed between 2011 and 2016 were included. The data on demographics, cancer-related information, treatment-related information, and resources used were collected. Survival analyses were performed using the semiparametric Kaplan-Meier method to assess mortality by NSCLC stage, with NSCLC diagnosis as the index date.

RESULTS

A total of 5,016 patients were included. Most patients were between 60 and 69 years old (33.6%) and had completed elementary school (52.2%). There was a greater proportion of men (58.1% v 41.9%), and the majority of patients had stage IV NSCLC (67%). It took an average of 31 days, from the first consultation, to have diagnosis. In 44% of the cases, a clinical oncologist was the first specialist in the HCS that the patient was referred to. After the diagnosis, the median time to start of treatment was 35 days. Chemotherapy alone was the most common treatment regimen (32%). The median overall survival was 11.5 months and 6 months for stage II and IV NSCLC, respectively.

CONCLUSION

This study provides contemporary data on stage III and IV NSCLC in private health care in Brazil, which has shown a high rate of metastatic disease diagnoses, high health care–related costs, and low survival rates.
What Happened to the Insurrection?
Authors: Kruse Meridith
Published: October 2021

This article revisits Susan Stryker's 2006 introduction to The Transgender Studies Reader to show how her overview of Foucault's “insurrection of subjugated knowledges” in this field-inaugurating text mutes the radical potential of Foucault's genealogical approach to history. Through a close reading of Foucault's original presentation of this concept in his 1976 lecture, the fuller sense of his “antiscience” genealogy becomes clear. The article concludes by proposing a way scholars might redeploy Foucault's insurrectionary method within the field of trans* studies today.
Comprehensive review of the recent advances in devices for endovascular treatment of complex brain aneurysms
Authors: Fatania Kavi , Patankar Dr Tufail
Published: October 2021

The International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) showed superiority for endovascular treatment of ruptured aneurysms and technology has since moved on rapidly. Many approaches and technology now exist for the endovascular management of ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms, which reflects their varied nature – there is no one-size-fits-all technique. We aim to provide an overview of the various classes of device and the major developments over the past decade. Coiling is the oldest of the technology and continues to demonstrate high levels of occlusion and acceptable risks, making it the default treatment choice, particularly in the acutely ruptured aneurysm setting. Advances on coiling include the use of adjuncts such as balloons, stents and fully retrievable temporary neck-bridging devices, which have facilitated the treatment of more complex aneurysms. Flow divertors have also revolutionised complex aneurysm treatment with small added risk in acute aneurysm treatment and seek to remodel the aneurysm–vessel interface without accessing the aneurysm sac. The latest development and most promising avenue appears to be intrasaccular flow disrupting devices like WEB, Contour and Neqstent that provide excellent opportunities to treat wide neck complex aneurysm with minimal mortality and morbidity and good occlusion rates and may in future replace a significant number of stent-assisted coiling too.
Efficacy of logistic regression model based on multiparametric ultrasound in assessment of cervical lymphadenopathy - a retrospective study
Authors: Cai Dongyan , Wu Size
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

To investigate whether a multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) diagnostic model improves differential diagnosis of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes.

Methods:

MPUS evaluation was performed on 87 lesions in 86 patients, and related characteristics and parameters of the patients and lesions were studied and logistic regression models based on the MPUS characteristics of cervical lymph nodes were built. A receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were built for the evaluation of diagnostic performances.

Results:

Of the 87 lesions in 86 patients, there were 31 benign and 56 malignant lesions. Regression models for Duplex ultrasound and MPUS were established. The Duplex ultrasound regression model showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 94.4, 61.3, 86.3 and 80.9%, respectively. The predictive accuracy was 82.4%, and the AUC was 0.861. The MPUS regression model showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 98.1, 61.3, 81.5 and 95.0%, respectively. The predictive accuracy was 84.7%, and the AUC was 0.894. The differences in AUCs between the Duplex ultrasound model and MPUS model, ultrasound model and ultrasonic elastography (UE), and Duplex ultrasound and UE were not significant (all p > 0.05); the differences in AUCs between the MPUS model and Duplex ultrasound, Duplex ultrasound model and Duplex ultrasound, and MPUS model and UE were significant (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The Duplex ultrasound and MPUS models achieve significantly higher diagnostic performance for differentiating between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes.
Evidence of mitochondria origin of SARS-CoV-2 double-membrane vesicles: a review.
Authors: Montes de Oca-B Pavel
Published: October 2021

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that has infected in a year more than 200 million people and has killed almost 4.5 million people worldwide. This infection affects mainly certain groups of people that have high susceptibility to present severe COVID-19 due to comorbidities. Moreover, the long-COVID-19 comprises a series of symptoms that may remain in some patients for months after infection that further compromises health of individuals. Therefore, this pandemic poses a serious emergency worldwide. Thus, since this pandemic is profoundly affecting economic and social life of societies, a deeper understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection cycle could help to envisage novel therapeutic alternatives that limit or stop COVID-19.

Several recent findings have unexpectedly found that mitochondria play a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 cell infection. Indeed, it has been suggested that this organelle could be the origin of its replication niches, the double membrane vesicles (DMV), as its been observed with another virus. In this regard, mitochondria derived vesicles (MDV), involved in mitochondria quality control, were discovered more than 10 years ago and interestingly there is a population characterized by a double membrane. MDV shedding is induced by mitochondrial stress and it has a fast assembly dynamic, reason that perhaps has precluded their identification in electron microscopy or tomography studies. These and other features of MDV together with recent SARS-CoV-2 protein interactome with the host and other findings linking SARS-CoV-2 to mitochondria, support that these vesicles are the precursors of SARS-CoV-2 induced DMV. In this work, the celular, molecular, phenotypical and biochemical evidence that supports this hypothesis is reviewed and integrated into the current model of SARS-CoV-2 cell infection. In this scheme, some relevant questions are raised as pending topics for research that would help in the near future to test this hypothesis. The intention (abstract truncated).
User perception of medical service robots in hospital wards: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee Jung Hwan , Lee Jae Meen , Hwang Jaehyun , Park Joo Young , Kim Mijeong , Kim Dong Hwan , Lee Jae Il , Nam Kyoung Hyup , Han In Ho
Published: October 2021

Background: Recently, there have been various developments in medical service robots (MSRs). However, few studies have examined the perceptions of those who use it. The purpose of this study is to identify user perceptions of MSRs.Methods: We conducted a survey of 320 patients, doctors, and nurses. The contents of the survey were organized as follows: external appearances, perceptions, expected utilization, possible safety accidents, and awareness of their responsibilities. Statistical analyses were performed using t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of variance.Results: The most preferred appearance was the animal type, with a screen. The overall average score of positive questions was 3.64±0.98 of 5 points and that of negative questions was 3.24±0.99. Thus, the results revealed that the participants had positive perceptions of MSR. The overall average of all expected utilization was 4.05±0.84. The most expected utilization was to guide hospital facilities. The most worrisome accident was exposure to personal information. Moreover, participants thought that the overall responsibility of the robot user (hospital) was greater than that of the robot manufacturer in the case of safety accidents.Conclusion: The perceptions of MSRs used in hospital wards were positive, and the overall expected utilization was high. It is necessary to recognize safety accidents for such robots, and sufficient attention is required when developing and manufacturing robots.
Personality’s Agency Activity Profile Methodology Standardization
Authors: Petros'yan S. , Ryabikina Z. , Gubanova N. , Simavoryan S.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of standardization of the "Personality’s Agency Activity Profile" methodology. This methodology is the author's multidimensional personality questionnaire, with confirmed validity and reliability, and is aimed at discovering the personality positioning system that determines the nature and orientation of the agent’s activity. The problems of standardization of personal psychological questionnaires are raised, in particular, the problems of the relativity of the norms obtained during standardization and the need for additional indicators to receive a correct psychodiagnostic interpretation. A step-by-step scheme for standardizing the methodology scales has been implemented on a sample of 958 people, including a test for the normality and homogeneity of empirical distributions. The need for differentiated standardization of the methodology depending on the gender and age of the respondents has been substantiated using the methods of mathematical statistics. For the middle-aged (25-42 years old) part of the sample, tables for converting raw test scores to stanines have been built up and presented.
The Prevalence of Adolescent Depression in Modern Russian Society
Authors: Bonkalo T. , Hromov S. , Zhuravleva E.
Published: October 2021

One of the pressing problems of modern society is the problem of teenage depression. The article presents the results of an empirical study, which involved 600 adolescents aged 15-16 years. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of depressive conditions in modern adolescents. As a result of a comparative analysis of the empirical data obtained with the data of other studies, it was concluded that at present in adolescence, manifestations of depressive states are quite frequent, while objective changes in the social environment lead to an increase in the frequency and intensity of depressiveness indicators.
Interactive Computing for Accelerated Learning in Computation and Data Science
Authors: Alderson David L.
Published: October 2021

This article describes the motivation and design for introductory coursework in computation aimed at midcareer professionals who desire to work in data science and analytics but who have little or no background in programming. In particular, we describe how we use modern interactive computing platforms to accelerate the learning of our students both in and out of the classroom. We emphasize the importance of organizing the interaction with course material so that students learn not only to “think computationally” but also to “do computationally.” We provide details of existing courses in computation offered at the Naval Postgraduate School, and we describe their ongoing evolution in response to increased demand from members of the civilian and military workforce.
Constructive alignment of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB MLE) language policy implementation to the practices of a multilingual classroom
Authors: Gempeso Hyra Dave Pepito , Mendez Jubelle Dianne Solatorio
Published: October 2021

This descriptive observational study examined the implementation of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB MLE) language policy to the classroom practices of a grade three multilingual classroom in the Philippines. The constructive alignment of the said language policy implementation was evaluated in terms of: (1) Mother Tongue (MT) as a subject area, examining specifically the coherence of the teaching and learning activities and assessment criteria used; and (2) MT as a medium of instruction. Findings revealed that there were discrepancies, incongruences, and insufficiencies in the administration of assessments in the alignment of MT as a subject area. These issues resulted in the underdevelopment of the four macro skills of the learners and caused misalignment of the classroom implementation to the language policy. The same is true with the implementation of MT as a medium of instruction in the classroom; however, the use of translation and code-switching of L1, L2, and L3 helped in the comprehension and participation of the students. These findings call for the attention of the policymakers and teachers for a rigorous review of the policy and its actual implementation as it significantly affects the holistic development of the students. This study further contributes to the continuous improvement of the educational system in the country particularly in the K-12 and MTB MLE implementation.
Technology acceptance and usage behaviour of content and language integrated learning teachers in Turkey
Authors: Koç Özge , Yüksel Hatice Gülru , Altun Emin
Published: October 2021

Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) is an approach that combines content and language objectives. Despite substantial expansion over the past two decades, its successful adoption raises several challenges for teachers. Teachers turn to information and communication technologies (ICT) to solve their problems. This study aims to investigate technology acceptance and use of English language teachers adopting the CLIL approach in Turkey, and to identify the difficulties they encounter while integrating technology into practice. The study is explanatory in research design and employs the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) developed by Davis (1989) as a framework. A 27-item Likert-type questionnaire was used to gather data from 61 teachers practicing in private and public schools. The results showed a statistically significant difference in technology integration intention and use behaviors of teachers. The qualitative data suggested that among the difficulties faced by CLIL teachers were facilitating environments, managerial assistance, and teacher technology awareness.
Influence of time on the predictive value of the post-resuscitation ECG
Authors: Evans Carl , Nelson Magnus
Published: October 2021

Background:

The reliability of the electrocardiogram (ECG) after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is unclear. While its predictive value has previously been described, no studies have looked at the influence of time on the post-ROSC ECG.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the ECG immediately after ROSC and between 1 and 5 hours later to assess whether time influences its ability to accurately predict the need for percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods:

A single-centre, retrospective, observational 1-year analysis examined the records of post-ROSC patients who underwent coronary angiography and for whom prehospital and delayed post-ROSC ECGs were available for analysis.

Findings:

Forty-two post-ROSC ECGs were reviewed alongside angiographic findings. Sensitivities of 25% and 69%, specificities of 60% and 100% and an accuracies of 33% and 76% were calculated for the prehospital and delayed hospital ECGs respectively. A chi-squared value of 7.78 (P=0.0053) suggests there is statistical significance between the two.

Conclusions:

The delayed post-ROSC ECG is statistically significantly more accurate, suggesting that time influences the reliability of the post-ROSC ECG.
Process-Oriented Routines of Students in Heterogeneous Field Dependent-Independent Groups: A Commognitive Perspective on Solving Derivative Tasks
Authors: Lefrida Rita , Siswono Tatag Yuli Eko , Lukito Agung
Published: October 2021

Students are more likely to obtain correct solutions in solving derivative problems. Even though students can complete it correctly, they may not necessarily be able to explain the solution well. Cognition and communication by the students will greatly affect the subsequent learning process. The aim of this study is to describe students’ commognition of routine aspects in understanding derivative tasks for heterogeneous groups of cognitive styles-field dependent and independent. This qualitative study involved six third-semester mathematics education students in the city of Palu, Indonesia. We divided the subjects into two groups with field-independent (FI) and field-dependent (FD) cognitive styles. The first group consisted of two FI students and one FD student, and the second group consisted of two FD students and one FI student. Moreover, the subjects also have relatively the same mathematical ability and feminine gender. Data was collected through task-based observations, focused group discussions, and interviews. We conducted data analysis in 3 stages, namely data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing-verification. The results showed that the subjects were more likely to use routine ritual discourse, namely flexibility on the exemplifying category, by whom the routine is performed on classifying and summarizing categories, applicability on inferring category, and closing conditional on explaining category. The result of ritual routine is a process-oriented routine through individualizing. This result implies that solving the questions is not only oriented towards the correct answers or only being able to answer, but also students need to explain it well.
Teacher’s Social and Emotional Competences: A Study Among Student Teachers and Students in Education Science in Slovenia
Authors: Gabrijelčič Mojca Kukanja , Antolin Urška , Istenič Andreja
Published: October 2021

In contemporary school systems, the concept of a teacher is defined as a socially and emotionally intelligent, pedagogically, and psychologically competent school leader. This would mean that not only the teacher's subject knowledge is sufficient, but also good knowledge of general pedagogical-psychological skills, knowledge, and management of the didactic approach, etc. Social and emotional skills/intelligence (SEI) restore the value of teachers as creators of learning and connect education to the larger social world in which SEI plays the most important role. This paper highlights the importance of social and Emotional Intelligence (SEI) in teacher education, examining the current state of research and the most important role of SEI in students' personal, social, and academic achievement, as well as teacher effectiveness and personal growth. By presenting the scientific evidence of SEI in teaching and teacher education, this study assesses the SEI level of student teachers at the University of Primorska, Faculty of Education, Slovenia. SEI is examined, through its main components: Self-awareness, Self-management, Social Awareness and Social Skills. In conclusion, this paper aims to show the need to develop SEI in future teacher education in Slovenia.
The Academic Buoyancy Scale: Measurement Invariance across Culture and Gender in Egyptian and Omani Undergraduates
Authors: Khalaf Mustafa Ali , Abulela Mohammed A. A.
Published: October 2021

The academic buoyancy scale (ABS) is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring academic buoyancy. To obtain meaningful and valid comparisons across groups using ABS, however, measurement invariance should be ascertained a priori. To that end, we examined its measurement invariance, validity evidence based on relations to other variables, and score reliability using categorical omega across culture and gender among Egyptian and Omani undergraduates. Participants were 345 college students: Egyptian sample (N=191) and Omani sample (N=154). To assess measurement invariance across culture and gender, multiple–group confirmatory factor analysis was performed with four successive invariance models: (a) configural, (b) metric, (c) scalar, and (d) residual. Results revealed that the unidimensional baseline model had adequate fit to the data in the full sample. Moreover, measurement invariance was found to hold across culture but not across gender and consequently the ABS could be used to yield valid cross-cultural comparisons between the Egyptian and Omani students. Conversely, it cannot be used to yield valid inferences related to comparing gender groups within each culture. Validity evidence based on relations to other variables was supported by the significantly moderate correlation between ABS and academic achievement (GPA; r =.435 and r = .457, P < .01) for the Egyptian and Omani samples, respectively. With regard to score reliability, categorical omega coefficients were moderate across both samples. Educational and psychological implications, limitations and suggestions for improving the scale are discussed.
INTREPID program: technology and architecture for next-generation, energy-efficient, hyper-scale data centers [Invited]
Authors: Saleh Adel A. M. , Schmidtke Katharine E. , Stone Robert J. , Buckwalter James F. , Coldren Larry A. , Schow Clint L.
Published: October 2021

The INTREPID program is developing power-efficient coherent optics for package-level integration with future switch integrated circuits as a path to realizing higher-radix switches for flatter networks. The link architecture is underpinned by coherent quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) polarization-multiplex transceivers at 200 Gb/s per

λ

, further enhanced with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to enable energy-efficient 800 or 1600 Gb/s inter-switch fiber connections. The technology is compatible with conventional three-level data center designs as well as a two-level data center design introduced here, which includes an added layer of passive, arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) or WDM circuit switches to further improve the cost, energy efficiency, and latency of the network.
Trapping of light by discontinuities of magnetization in a gyrotropic (meta) material
Authors: Zharov Alexander A. , Zharova Nina A.
Published: October 2021

We show that an interface between two identical metal/dielectric plane-layered ferromagnetic (meta)materials with different directions of magnetization can support electromagnetic surface waves (SWs) of the visible or near-infrared band. We find that such an interface possesses so-called valve action allowing the propagation of SWs only within definite range of angles (including strictly unidirectional propagation), depending on the mutual orientation of magnetizations in the contacted media and filling factor of ferromagnetics in the metamaterial. Furthermore, these SWs can demonstrate unusual properties for conventional surface plasmon-polaritons, namely, a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) structure with zero angular momentum. We also reveal that in a plane-layered metal/dielectric metamaterial the weak optical gyrotropy can be considerably enhanced due to quasi-static LC resonance in this structure.
Dynamically switchable terahertz absorber based on a hybrid metamaterial with vanadium dioxide and graphene
Authors: Zhang Baohe , Xu Kai-Da
Published: October 2021

We numerically demonstrate a switchable metamaterial absorber with two states (i.e., ultra-broadband and narrowband) in the terahertz region. Such switchable functionalities are accomplished by using a simple absorption system consisting of a hybrid metamaterial with vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

) and graphene. Theoretical calculations show that when

V
O

2

is in the metal state, the absorption system without a graphene ring can act as a broadband absorber. For the broadband absorber, the absorption bandwidth of 5.05 THz (i.e., 93%) can be obtained under the condition of over 90% absorption rate, covering a frequency range of 2.91–7.96 THz. Meanwhile, the absorber exhibits tunable characteristics, whose absorption rate can be continuously adjusted from 1% to 99% by controlling the conductivity of

V
O

2

from

2

×

1

0

2

to

2

×

1

0

5

S

/

m

. It is polarization-insensitive with a large angle tolerance in both transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves. Multiple interference theory is used to analyze the mechanism of the broadband absorber, and the theoretical results are in good agreement with simulations. When the

V
O

2

is changed to the insulator state, the absorber system with a graphene ring can be switched to a narrowband absorber. This work will have great potential applications in the terahertz regime, such as tunable broadband absorbers, dynamic sensing, cloaking, and photodetectors.
3D CFD modeling of flowing-gas Rb DPALs: effects of buffer gas composition and of ionization of high lying Rb states
Authors: Waichman Karol , Barmashenko Boris D. , Rosenwaks Salman
Published: October 2021

A comprehensive three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D CFD)
modeling of flowing-gas Rb diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) is carried
out. The cases of

H
e

/

C
H

4

and pure He buffer gases are
investigated, and the output power and optical efficiency are
calculated for various pump powers, mole fractions of methane, buffer
gas pressures, and flow velocities. The model considers the processes
of excitation of high levels of Rb, ionization, ion-electron
recombination, and heating of electrons, which affect the diffusion
coefficient of Rb ions. Two types of Rb DPAL were studied: a low-power
laboratory-scale device with pump power of several tens of watts and a
high-power multi-kilowatt laser. Efficient operation of the Rb laser
using pure He as buffer gas can be achieved only in a large-scale
laser with a pump beam cross-sectional area of several

c
m

2

. The calculated results for such a
device were compared with those reported by
Gavrielides et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B
35, 2202 (2018)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.35.002202],
where a simplified three-level model based on the one-dimensional gas
dynamics approach was applied.
High-speed structured light based 3D scanning using an event camera
Authors: Huang Xueyan , Zhang Yueyi , Xiong Zhiwei
Published: October 2021

For a structured light system, scan speed and reconstruction accuracy
are usually compromised for limited sensor bandwidth. The bio-inspired
camera, also known as the event camera, has high temporal resolution
and redundancy-suppressing properties, showing potential to be
utilized in a high-speed structured light system. In this paper, we
present an event-based structured light system for high-speed 3D
scanning, which is composed of an event camera (CeleX-V) and a
high-speed digital light projector (TI-DLP6500). The events are
triggered by blinking a single pseudo-random pattern by controlling
the projector. A simple yet effective algorithm is proposed to
generate the event frames from the event stream, and a digital image
correlation method is then performed to calculate the displacements,
deriving the 3D surfaces of the target objects. A prototype of our
proposed system is built with off-the-shelf devices and tested in both
static and dynamic scenes. Experiments verify that the proposed system
successfully achieves up to a 1000 fps scan rate with an accuracy of
0.27 mm at a distance of 90 cm.
Effect of primary peak wavelength on color matching and color matching function performance
Authors: Huang Min , Li Yu , Wang Yu , Li Xiu , Wei Minchen
Published: October 2021

With the development of wide color gamut displays, several recent studies investigated the performance of the CIE standard color matching functions (CMFs) in characterizing the color matches and observer metamerism between different primary sets. These studies, however, always employed different primaries to produce color stimuli, which failed to isolate the effect of the peak wavelength from that of the spectral shape. In this study, we carefully selected primaries with similar spectral shapes but different peak wavelengths. Human observers adjusted the intensities of the seven matching primary sets to match the color appearance of six stimuli, with a field of view around 5.7° × 5.7°, produced using a reference primary set, which was the same as one of the matching primary sets. The results clearly revealed the significant effect of the primary peak wavelength, and the failure of using chromaticities to characterize color matches using different primaries. The CIE 2006 2° CMFs were found to have the best performance in characterizing the color matches on average among the four CIE standard CMFs (i.e., the CIE 1931 2°, CIE 1964 2°, CIE 2006 2°, and CIE 2006 10° CMFs), which did not support the CIE’s recommendation of using the 10° CMFs for stimuli beyond 4°. When the two categorical observer CMFs (i.e., Sarkar 2 set and Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication “BIGC” 17 set) were considered together, the BIGC 17 set had the best performance on average. More importantly, the performance of the CMFs varied with the primary sets. When the matching and reference sets were the same, the performance of all the CMFs were consistently good. In contrast, when the blue or green primary, or both of the two primaries, was shifted, the performance of all the CMFs became much worse. This clearly implies the importance of considering primary wavelengths when specifying color matches using different CMFs.
Femtosecond damage experiments and modeling of broadband mid-infrared dielectric diffraction gratings
Authors: Zhang Simin , Tripepi Michael , AlShafey Abdallah , Talisa Noah , Nguyen Hoang T. , Reagan Brendan A. , Sistrunk Emily , Gibson David J. , Alessi David A. , Chowdhury Enam A.
Published: October 2021

High peak and average power lasers with high wall-plug efficiency, like the Big Aperture Thulium (BAT) laser, have garnered tremendous attention in laser technology. To meet the requirements of the BAT laser, we have developed low-dispersion reflection multilayer dielectric (MLD) gratings suitable for compression of high-energy pulses for operations at 2 micron wavelength. We carried out 10000-on-1 damage tests to investigate the fluence damage thresholds of the designed MLD gratings and mirrors, which were found between 100-230 mJ/cm2. An ultrashort pulsed laser (FWHM = 53 fs, λ = 1.9 μm) operating at 500 Hz was used in the serpentine raster scans. The atomic force microscope images of the damage sites show blister formation of the underlying layers at lower fluences but ablation of the grating pillars at higher fluences. We simulated the dynamic electronic excitation in the MLD optics with a finite-difference in the time domain approach in 2D. The simulation results agree well with the LIDT measurements and the observed blister formation. This model is able to evaluate the absolute LIDT of MLD gratings.
Accelerating multi-emitter localization in super-resolution localization microscopy with FPGA-GPU cooperative computation
Authors: Gui Dan , Chen Yunjiu , Kuang Weibing , Shang Mingtao , Wang Zhengxia , Huang Zhen-Li
Published: October 2021

The real-time multi-emitter localization method is essential for advancing high-throughput super-resolution localization microscopy (HT-SRLM). In the past decade, the graphics processing unit (GPU) computation has been dominantly used to accelerate the execution speed of the multi-emitter localization method. However, if HT-SRLM is combined with a scientific complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (sCMOS) camera working at full frame rate, real-time image processing is still difficult to achieve using this acceleration approach, thus resulting in a massive data storage challenge and even system crash. Here we take advantage of the cooperative acceleration power of field programming gate array (FPGA) computation and GPU computation, and propose a method called HCP-STORM to enable real-time multi-emitter localization. Using simulated images, we verified that HCP-STORM is capable of providing real-time image processing for raw images from a representative Hamamatsu Flash 4 V3 sCMOS camera working at full frame rate (that is, 2048×2048 pixels @ 10 ms exposure time). Using experimental images, we prove that HCP-STORM is 25 times faster than QC-STORM and 295 times faster than ThunderSTORM, with a small but acceptable degradation in image quality. This study shows the potential of FPGA-GPU cooperative computation in accelerating multi-emitter localization, and pushes a significant step toward the maturity of HT-SRLM technology.
Accelerated formation of persistent holographic gratings based on one-directional electron transfer in KCl-Ag/Ta2O5 nanocomposites
Authors: Zhou Jiahui , Fu Shencheng , Li Xin , Wang Xinnong , Liu Hongfang , Wang Yiqian , Wang Chunliang , Wang Yanqin , Zhang Xintong
Published: October 2021

Permanent preservation of data is essential for massive information recording. Combination of semiconductor with plasmonic nanoparticles has been applied in multicolor display and high-density optical storage. However, bidirectional electron transfer occurs at the Schottky interface under UVA irradiation, resulting in reversible photochemical reaction, information erasure, low recording efficiency and writing rate. To address these issues, a novel Schottky heterostructure of Ag/Ta2O5 modified with alkali halide is developed to realize photoinduced one-directional electron transfer from metal to semiconductor. The recorded information in such a medium of KCl-Ag/Ta2O5 presents excellent holographic storage stability even under exposure of a strong UVA ray (360 nm, 385 mW/cm2). Meanwhile, grating growth rate and efficiency are significantly enhanced by optimizing Ag particle distance and Cl− anion loading amount. This work provides an important strategy for fast and persistent data storage.