bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new Chilean species of Cycloneda Crotch (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellinae: Coccinellini)
Authors: VANDENBERG NATALIA J. , GONZÁLEZ GUILLERMO
Published: May 2019

Cycloneda pretiosa, new species is described from Lago Pirihueico in southern Chile The species is diagnosed and compared with both related and superficially similar species. Habitus and genitalic characters are illustrated. Geographical and temporal data are given. The new species is assigned to the Cycloneda germainii species complex and integrated into the key to species of this group (González and Vandenberg, 2006).
A revision of Australian Pectinariidae (Polychaeta), with new species and new records
Authors: ZHANG JINGHUAI , HUTCHINGS PAT
Published: May 2019

Samples of Pectinariidae in the Australian Museum and Museums of Victoria, Australia were examined. Thirteen species were identified, including three additional records of previously recorded species of Amphictene and two new species, A. cercusa n. sp. and A. undulata n. sp., two species of the genus Lagis which has not previously been recorded from Australia, including a new species, L. portus n. sp., and five additional records of previously recorded species of Pectinaria and one new species, P. ningalooensis n. sp. The study revealed additional characters which are useful to identify species of pectinariids, a pair of ear-shaped lobes which are adjacent to both sides of dorsal base of cephalic veil in species of Pectinaria and Amphictene, but in Lagis they are present between the buccal cavity and lateral margin of segment 1; and a pair of ventral lappets which have not previously been described on the lateral margin of segment I in all species of pectinariids from Australia. For species where numerous individuals were available for study, we investigated how some characters, change with increasing body size. A key to all recorded species from Australia is given, but does not imply any phylogenetic relationships.
P-Wave Visible–Shortwave–Near-Infrared (Vis-SW-NIR) Detection System for the Prediction of Soluble Solids Content and Firmness on Wax Apples
Authors: Hua Shih-Hao , Hsu Hsun-Ching , Han Pin
Published: May 2019

A nondestructive system for measuring the soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness of wax apples was developed using 670, 850, 880, 940, and 980 nm visible–shortwave–near-infrared (Vis-SW-NIR) light-emitting diode (LED) light sources and a silicon (Si) photodetector. These specified wavelengths are highly correlated with the SSC and the firmness of fruit. An LED light source was incident onto the fruit as parallel-polarized waves (P-wave) at the Brewster angle (θB) to minimize the interfacial reflection and maximize the C–H and O–H bonds absorption signals from the fruit. Partial least squares (PLS) regression is used to build calibration modes and analyze the prediction of the correlation ([Formula: see text]) and the root mean square error for prediction (RMSEP) of the reflected optical signals with SSC and firmness. This resulted in [Formula: see text] and RMSEP values of 0.87 and 0.66 °Bx, respectively, in SSC measurements and 0.80 and 1.16 N/cm2, respectively, in firmness measurements. Therefore, the result shows [Formula: see text] of SSC and firmness are 6.4% and 9% higher and the RMSEP are 14% and 20% lower, respectively, than those obtained using non-polarized LED light sources.
The Lay of the Land: Information Capacity and the Modern State
Authors: Brambor Thomas , Goenaga Agustín , Lindvall Johannes , Teorell Jan
Published: May 2019

This article presents new evidence on the efforts of states to collect and process information about themselves, their territories, and their populations. We compile data on five institutions and policies: the regular implementation of a reliable census, the regular release of statistical yearbooks, the introduction of civil and population registers, and the establishment of a government agency tasked with processing statistical information. Using item response theory methods, we generate an index of “information capacity” for 85 states from 1789 to the present. We then ask how political regime changes have influenced the development of information capacity over time. In contrast with the literature on democracy and fiscal capacity, we find that suffrage expansions are associated with higher information capacity, but increases in the level of political competition are not. These findings demonstrate the value of our new measure, because they suggest that different elements of state capacity are shaped by different historical processes.
Dostoevsky, Existential Therapy, and Modern Rage: On the Possibility of Counseling the Underground Man
Authors: Aho Kevin
Published: May 2019

It is often said today that we live in the “Age of Rage.” This article explores the phenomenon of modern rage through an analysis of the psychic conflicts of Dostoevsky’s “underground man,” as he tries to reconcile the newly imported values of modernity with his own needs and desires. By interpreting rage through the classic Greek notion of the daimonic, the author examines how the modern attempt to rationally control and suppress rage actually exacerbates the underground man’s destructive, cruel, and self-defeating behavior and cuts him off from the possibility of emotional connectivity and wholeness. He concludes by pointing to some therapeutic possibilities within the tradition of existential psychotherapy that might have allowed the underground man to better understand and heal himself by recognizing the daimonic roots of his own rage.
Cascading, Colliding, and Mediating: How Teacher Preparation and K-12 Education Contexts Influence Mentor Teachers’ Work
Authors: Roegman Rachel , Kolman Joni
Published: May 2019

In this conceptual article, we present a theoretical framework designed to illustrate the many contexts and factors that interact and shape the work of mentor teachers. Drawing on the literature on K-12 teaching and on teacher preparation, we argue for greater acknowledgment of the complex work of mentor teachers as they navigate multiple contexts. We conclude by considering how this framework helps us to better understand the work of mentor teachers and by offering suggestions for teacher preparation programs and K-12 schools to better support mentor teachers and best prepare teacher candidates.
Release in the Era of BLM: The Nexus of Black Lives Matter and Prisoner Reentry
Authors: Smiley CalvinJohn
Published: May 2019

The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement is a challenge and resistance to White Supremacy and state-sanctioned violence. The proliferation of social media and smart technology has allowed the recording, documenting, and archiving of police misconduct and brutality against Black bodies. Furthermore, BLM is critical of various institutions that create disparities, including the criminal justice system. This article examines the nexus of BLM and prisoner reentry. Using qualitative research conducted in the weeks and months following the death of Trayvon Martin in February 2012, a collective of formerly incarcerated and recently released Black men discussed and analyzed this death and its impact on the Black community. Here, these individuals shared their ideas surrounding punishment and justice as well as reflected on their own past, present, and future roles in their community.
The Paradox of Teaching for Social Justice: Interest Convergence in Early-Career Educators
Authors: French Kate Rollert
Published: May 2019

There is a growing emphasis on social justice pedagogy as a predominantly White teacher labor force infiltrates classrooms in urban schools. Using critical race theory (CRT)—and the construct of interest convergence—this study examines how White teachers working in an urban school apply and enact teaching for social justice during their first year in the classroom as teachers of record. Findings suggest that the behaviors of new teachers misalign with true intentions of teaching for social justice and instead assuage teachers’ perceptions of teaching for social justice to benefit personal and professional interests.
Aristotle, Tyranny, and the Small-Souled Subject
Authors: Jochim Jordan
Published: May 2019

Political theorists converge in identifying modern techniques of domination as habit-formative and psychologically invasive, in contrast to earlier, more blatantly coercive forms of repression. Putting Aristotle on tyranny in conversation with Michel Foucault on subject formation, this article argues for continuity across the pre- and postmodern divide. Through a close reading of the “three heads of tyranny” in Politics 5.11 (1314a13-29)—those being the tyrant’s efforts to form subjects who (1) have small thoughts (2) are distrustful of one another, and (3) are incapable of action—I argue that central to Aristotle’s account of tyrannical domination is how tyrants cultivate the ethical vice of “small-souledness” ( Nicomachean Ethics 1123b7), thus producing subjects with humbled desires for a proportionate distribution of political power. This article deepens our appreciation of the social and psychological registers of Aristotle’s theorization of domination and gives reasons for continuing to take Aristotle’s insights into tyranny seriously today.
Disparities in Criminal Justice System Responses to First-Time Juvenile Offenders According to Indigenous Status
Authors: Papalia Nina , Shepherd Stephane M. , Spivak Benjamin , Luebbers Stefan , Shea Daniel E. , Fullam Rachael
Published: May 2019

This study explored the intersection between Indigenous status, gender, and age in relation to law enforcement responses to offending in 53,632 first-time juvenile offenders in Australia. Findings demonstrated that Indigenous offenders were more likely to receive a court summons (rather than diversionary alternative) following their first offense compared with non-Indigenous offenders when controlling for gender, age, and the nature and number of charges processed at first offense. No interactions were observed between Indigenous status, age, and gender. Indigenous status predicted receiving a court summons; however, the strength of this relationship diminished when offenders had one-to-two violent charges and when offenders’ first contact occurred after the commencement of the Young Offenders Act 1997 (NSW), which formalized police responses to diversion. Stronger efforts are needed to prevent initial justice system contact and formal processing among Indigenous youth with a focus on community-led early intervention strategies.
Power in Sensemaking Processes
Authors: Schildt Henri , Mantere Saku , Cornelissen Joep
Published: May 2019

This article examines the effects of power on sensemaking processes, bridging two major, yet traditionally separate, literatures in organization studies. Dividing power into its systemic and episodic forms, we elaborate how power shapes not only the content of sensemaking, but also the form of sensemaking processes. We explicate the distinct ways in which power works in four archetypal sensemaking processes: automatic (preconscious and committed), improvisational (preconscious and provisional), algorithmic (conscious and committed) and reflective (conscious and provisional). These ideal-type processes help us theorize how influences related to systemic and episodic power induce more or less conscious and provisional forms of sensemaking. This refined understanding of sensemaking processes enables further explication of episodic power into distinctive kinds of sensegiving and sensebreaking activities.
The culture industry revisited: Sociophilosophical reflections on ‘privacy’ in the digital age
Authors: Seubert Sandra , Becker Carlos
Published: May 2019

Digital communication now pervades all spheres of life, creating new possibilities for commodification: personal data and communication are the new resources of surplus value. This in turn brings about a totally new category of threats to privacy. With recourse to the culture industry critique of early critical theory, this article seeks to challenge basic theoretical assumptions held within a liberal account of privacy. It draws the attention to the entanglement of technical and socio-economic transformations and aims at elaborating an alternative framing which takes into account that privacy is not in the first place a pre-political space for individual freedom but a constituted sphere in which social power relations are reproduced in a particularly deceitful way. With recourse to positions of critical theory, this article revisits the conceptual ambiguity of liberation and oppression and looks to draft prospects for a socio-theoretical justification and critique of privacy, updated for the digital age. Following the tradition of critical theory, the argument focuses on (new) forms of domination in and by privacy. It aims to prepare the ground for a critique of the social’s increasing commodification as well as an idea of privacy understood as reflexive participation in social practices.
Three-year follow-up of composite stent grafts used in the repair of Crawford Type III thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms; A case report
Authors: Tong Yuan-hao , Yu Tong , Zhou Min , Liu Chen , Li Xiao-qiang , Liu Chang-jian , Liu Zhao
Published: May 2019

Complex aortic aneurysms are difficult to treat endovascularly and so techniques have been developed to broaden the management options. We report a case of 51-year-old man with several thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) who underwent endovascular repair with “off-label” stent grafts. Three aortic stent grafts and four branched stent grafts were used in the procedure using chimney and periscope techniques. The patient was followed for three years with regular computed tomography angiography (CTA). Scans at 3 and 12 months showed that the TAAAs were repaired and all visceral arteries were patent. Although, scans at the two- and three-year follow-ups showed that the stent graft in the superior mesenteric artery was occluded, the patient did not have any complications probably as a result of coeliac artery compensation.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Nightmares for Patients with Persecutory Delusions (Nites): An Assessor-Blind, Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sheaves Bryony , Holmes Emily A. , Rek Stephanie , Taylor Kathryn M. , Nickless Alecia , Waite Felicity , Germain Anne , Espie Colin A. , Harrison Paul J. , Foster Russell , Freeman Daniel
Published: May 2019

Objective:

Nightmares are relatively common in patients experiencing psychosis but rarely assessed or treated. Nightmares may maintain persecutory delusions by portraying fears in sensory-rich detail. We tested the potential benefits of imagery-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for nightmares on nightmare severity and persecutory delusions.

Method:

This assessor-blind parallel-group pilot trial randomized 24 participants with nightmares and persecutory delusions to receive CBT for nightmares delivered over 4 weeks in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Assessments were at 0, 4 (end of treatment), and 8 weeks (follow-up). Feasibility outcomes assessed therapy uptake, techniques used, satisfaction, and attrition. The primary efficacy outcome assessed nightmare severity at week 4. Analyses were intention to treat, estimating treatment effect with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

All participants offered CBT completed therapy (mean [SD], 4.8 [0.6] sessions) with high satisfaction, and 20 (83%) participants completed all assessments. Compared with TAU, CBT led to large improvements in nightmares (adjusted mean difference = −7.0; 95% CI, –12.6 to –1.3; d = –1.1) and insomnia (6.3; 95% CI, 2.6 to 10.0; d = 1.4) at week 4. Gains were maintained at follow-up. Suicidal ideation was not exacerbated by CBT but remained stable to follow-up, compared with TAU, which reduced at follow-up (6.8; 95% CI, 0.3 to 3.3; d = 0.7). CBT led to reductions in paranoia (–20.8; 95% CI, –43.2 to 1.7; d = –0.6), although CIs were wide. Three serious adverse events were deemed unrelated to participation (CBT = 2, TAU = 1).

Conclusions:

CBT for nightmares is feasible and may be efficacious for treating nightmares and comorbid insomnia for patients with persecutory delusions. It shows promise on paranoia but potentially not on suicidal ideation.
Sub-chronic palladium nanoparticle effects on the endocrine reproductive system of female Wistar rats: Preliminary data
Authors: Leso Veruscka , Fontana Luca , Marinaccio Alessandro , Leopold Kerstin , Fanali Caterina , Lucchetti Donatella , Sgambato Alessandro , Iavicoli Ivo
Published: May 2019

The technologically interesting properties of palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) allowed their widespread industrial application, although concerns emerged on increasing general and occupational levels of exposure. In this context, to assess the toxicological behavior of Pd-NPs, and particularly their endocrine disruptive potential, has become a public health priority. Therefore, we evaluated Pd-NP impact on the female endocrine reproductive system of Wistar rats sub-chronically treated for 90 days with increasing doses of this xenobiotic (0.12, 1.2, and 12 µg/kg, administered at days 1, 30, and 60 for cumulative doses of 0.36, 3.6, and 36 µg/kg) via the intravenous route. In this regard, we investigated potential alterations in different sex hormone, for example, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, progesterone, and testosterone, serum concentrations. All treated groups showed significantly greater levels of FSH compared to controls, suggesting a possible impact of Pd-NPs on the regulatory system that controls the normal physiology of female reproductive function. Although relevant, since obtained under sub-chronic, low-dose conditions of exposure resembling those encountered in real-world scenarios, the present results are preliminary and require confirmation as well as identification of the possible underlining molecular mechanisms. From a public and occupational health perspective, implications for the reproductive health of exposed subjects and the next generations of women exposed during their childbearing age or pregnancy should be elucidated. This information is essential to elaborate adequate preventive strategies for assessing and controlling possible Pd-NPs adverse effects on the endocrine system.
Patterns of Support Service, Emergency Department, and Hospital Utilization in Patients with Advanced Cancer: A Descriptive Study
Authors: McNaughton Caitlyn H. , Horst Michael , Gehron Emily , Sivendran Shanthi , Nguyen Julie , Holliday Rachel , Newport Kristina
Published: May 2019

Context:

Palliative care in oncology provides multiple benefits, however access to specialty palliative clinicians is limited in community cancer centers. Individual support services are more often available, but little is known on the utilization and impact of these services.

Objectives:

To describe the utilization of outpatient support services in the advanced cancer population and the association with ED and hospital use in a community setting.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of 314 patients with advanced cancer of lung, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and gynecologic origin was conducted. Data collected included demographics, descriptive data, type and number of support services (symptom management, nurse navigator, social worker, nutrition, financial counselor, chaplain, and oncology clinical counselor) within 90 days of diagnosis and descriptions of ED visits/hospitalizations within 12 months of diagnosis. Support services were available to patients by referral.

Results:

29.6% of patients were deceased within 6 months and were considered to have severe disease. Patients with severe disease had a significantly greater mean number of support services than patients with non-severe disease (8.9 vs 6.0, p=0.001) and had a greater mean number of visits per year to the ED (6.4 vs 1.8, p<0.001). A greater proportion of patients with severe disease had palliative consultations (48.9% vs 21.7%, p<0.001), but 65.5% of palliative consultations occurred after an ED or hospital visit.

Conclusion:

Our data demonstrated that advanced cancer patients with severe disease had increased healthcare utilization in all areas measured. Despite high utilization, outpatient support services used in a reactive manner were not effective in reducing ED or hospital visits.
Disentangling the Effects of Exposure to Maternal Substance Misuse and Physical Abuse and Neglect on Child Behavioral Problems
Authors: Wong Rosa S. , Tung Keith T. S. , Cheng Anna W. F. , Shiu Yiu Keung , Wong Wilfred H. S. , Tso Winnie W. Y. , Ho Matthew S. P. , Chan Ko Ling , Ho Frederick K. W. , Lo Camilla K. M. , Chow Chun Bong , Ip Patrick
Published: May 2019

There is inconsistent evidence on the association between prenatal substance exposure and child behavioral problems. Children affected by maternal substance misuse are vulnerable to physical abuse and neglect. Few studies have examined factors contributing to internalizing and externalizing problems in these children. This study, with a focus on children with prenatal substance exposure, investigated whether family characteristics (the duration of maternal substance misuse postpartum or the existence of a sibling) moderated the association between adverse exposure (physical abuse or neglect) and behavior (internalizing or externalizing problems). We recruited 54 Hong Kong Chinese mothers with registered records of substance misuse during pregnancy and their children (2-9 years). Mothers completed questionnaires on drug use patterns during pregnancy and postpartum, abusive and neglectful parenting behaviors in the preceding year, and children’s current behavioral problems. Moderated regression analyses tested whether abusive and neglectful parenting behavior interacted with family characteristics to affect child behavioral problems. The existence of a sibling moderated the relationship between neglect experience and internalizing problems, with a positive relationship observed only among single children (adjusted B [95% confidence interval] = 3.70 [0.98, 6.41], p = .012). The duration of maternal substance misuse postpartum moderated the relationship between physical abuse experience and externalizing problems, with a positive relationship observed only among children of mothers abusing substances beyond the child’s infancy period (adjusted B [95% confidence interval] = 6.86 [2.34, 11.38], p = .008). The results show that the impact of physical abuse and neglect experiences depend on the type of behavior assessed and family and child characteristics. Positive sibling relationship and early detoxification in the mother can foster healthy behavioral development for children exposed prenatally to maternal substance misuse.
The Road to Resilience: Strength and Coping Among Pregnant Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Schaefer Lauren M. , Howell Kathryn H. , Sheddan Hanna C. , Napier Taylor R. , Shoemaker Hannah L. , Miller-Graff Laura E.
Published: May 2019

Pregnancy is a period of heightened risk for exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), which is characterized by actual or threatened emotional, physical, or sexual violence committed by a past or current intimate partner. Pregnancy also represents a unique period in which women may be highly motivated to address IPV, to improve not only her health and well-being but also that of her child. Accordingly, the prenatal period affords an important opportunity for intervention among women experiencing IPV. Focus groups were conducted to evaluate coping strategies utilized by women exposed to IPV during pregnancy in addition to the strengths these women exhibit. Via thematic analysis, focus group data were evaluated from 10 women exposed to IPV proximal to their pregnancy and 46 service providers (e.g., medical personnel, family resource coordinators and case managers) who work directly with pregnant women experiencing IPV. When participants were queried about the personal strengths of IPV-exposed women, two domains emerged: (a) understanding and ending the cycle of IPV and (b) strengths achieved as a result of leaving the violent relationship (i.e., personal growth, enhanced self-esteem, improved attentiveness as a parent and resilience). With respect to coping, three central domains emerged: (a) the necessity of ensuring physical safety as a precondition for coping, (b) maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., substance use, avoidance), and (c) adaptive coping strategies (e.g., seeking support from others via both formal and informal relationships). These findings reinforce the importance of engaging with women before, during, and after they leave a violent relationship to provide support, affirmation and hope.
Perceived Executive Functioning in Parents at Risk for Child Physical Abuse
Authors: Crouch Julie L. , Davila America L. , Holzman Jacob B. , Hiraoka Regina , Rutledge Ericka , Bridgett David J. , Milner Joel S. , Skowronski John J.
Published: May 2019

Research suggests that deficits in executive functioning are associated with negative parenting behaviors. However, limited research has examined the link between executive functioning and risk for child physical abuse (CPA) perpetration. Early studies examining executive functioning in parents at risk for perpetrating CPA relied on performance-based measures, which are designed to occur under carefully controlled conditions and may not capture difficulties experienced under less optimal conditions (e.g., during chaotic caregiving situations). Moreover, prior studies examining executive functioning in parents at risk for perpetrating CPA have relied on small samples comprised of only mothers. To advance our understanding of the linkage between executive functioning and CPA risk, the present study examined perceived deficits in executive functioning in a sample of general population mothers and fathers ( N = 98) using a standardized self-report measure of executive functioning, namely, the adult version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-A). Parents were classified as low CPA risk or high CPA risk using the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. Compared with low-risk parents, high-risk parents had higher rates of clinical elevations on several BRIEF-A subscales, namely, Working Memory Problems, Emotional Control Difficulties, and Difficulties Shifting Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors. These findings highlight the potential importance of assessing and strengthening executive functioning in interventions designed to reduce risk of parent-to-child aggression.
Edentulism and Trajectories of Cognitive Functioning Among Older Adults: The Role of Dental Care Service Utilization
Authors: Han Sae Hwang , Wu Bei , Burr Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2019

Objective: This study examined the associations between edentulism, dental care service utilization, and cognitive functioning trajectories among older adults. Method: Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2014) were employed to examine individuals aged 51 and older who were identified as having normal cognition at baseline ( N = 12,405). Cognitive functioning was measured with a modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognition Status. Edentulism was self-reported as total tooth loss at baseline. Dental care service utilization was measured by self-report of having visited a dentist at least once during the previous 2 years. Results: The results indicated that edentulism and dental care service utilization were independently associated with cognitive decline during the observation period. Findings also showed that dental care service utilization moderated the association between edentulism and cognitive decline. Discussion: The findings suggested that providing access to dental services may promote cognitive health and potentially reduce health care expenditures.
Robust designs accounting for model uncertainty in longitudinal studies with binary outcomes
Authors: Seurat Jérémy , Nguyen Thu Thuy , Mentré France
Published: May 2019

To optimize designs for longitudinal studies analyzed by mixed-effect models with binary outcomes, the Fisher information matrix can be used. Optimal design approaches, however, require a priori knowledge of the model. We aim to propose, for the first time, a robust design approach accounting for model uncertainty in longitudinal trials with two treatment groups, assuming mixed-effect logistic models. To optimize designs given one model, we compute several optimality criteria based on Fisher information matrix evaluated by the new approach based on Monte-Carlo/Hamiltonian Monte-Carlo. We propose to use the DDS-optimality criterion, as it ensures a compromise between the precision of estimation of the parameters, and hence the Wald test power, and the overall precision of parameter estimation. To account for model uncertainty, we assume candidate models with their respective weights. We compute robust design across these models using compound DDS-optimality. Using the Fisher information matrix, we propose to predict the average power over these models. Evaluating this approach by clinical trial simulations, we show that the robust design is efficient across all models, allowing one to achieve good power of test. The proposed design strategy is a new and relevant approach to design longitudinal studies with binary outcomes, accounting for model uncertainty.
Effect of water absorption on the Weibull distribution of fatigue test in jute-reinforced polyester composite materials
Authors: Djeghader Djamel , Redjel Bachir
Published: May 2019

Composite materials have been manufactured using bidirectional jute yarn in a polyester matrix. The manufactured composite has been subjected to water aging for various times of immersion (90, 180, and 270 days). A significant decrease of fatigue strength has been observed during water aging. The number of cycles to failure of the aged and nonaged specimens were correlated using the two-parameter Weibull distribution function to determine the probability of failure and plot the S–N curves at different reliability levels. The results have shown that the two-parameter Weibull distribution describes the fatigue life probability distributions of jute-reinforced polyester composite material with highly significant statistical correlation coefficients.
‘Do not despair at your fate’: Carl von Clausewitz in French Captivity, 1806–1807
Authors: Scheipers Sibylle
Published: May 2019

Carl von Clausewitz’s time in French captivity is well documented, but has never been studied in its own right. However, it is both fascinating and relevant, as Clausewitz’s experience of captivity took place against the backdrop of the nationalization of war and the concomitant politicization of prisoners in war. Clausewitz framed his observations by contrasting the ‘French’ and the ‘German’ national characters. While Germany as a political identity ceased to play a role for Clausewitz after his return to Prussia, he held on to his characterization of the French as a politically backward society and, ultimately, as an empire in decline.
When Co-Occurring Factors Impact Adult Learners: Suggestions for Instruction, Preservice Training, and Professional Development
Authors: Housel David A.
Published: May 2019

This literature review explored areas that are often manifest in adult classrooms but insufficiently addressed or overlooked in preservice training and in-service professional development for educators of adults. Three overarching themes emerged: (a) educational background considerations (e.g., significant interruptions in formal education), (b) disability considerations (e.g., learning disabilities and students on the autism spectrum), and (c) status considerations (e.g., domestic violence and mental health issues). This overview of the identified themes was contextualized within andragogy, which posits ways that adults learn differently from children. Recommendations to enhance instructional approaches were interwoven throughout the review. Following the overview and instructional recommendations, preliminary assertions for strengthening preservice training and ongoing professional development for educators of adults and areas for future research were advanced.
Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form (CAAS-SF): Validation Across Three Different Samples in the Chinese Context
Authors: Yu Haibo , Dai Yiming , Guan Xiaoyu , Wang Wenjin
Published: May 2019

Based on career construction theory, we conducted a cross-cultural validation study of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form (CAAS-SF) proposed by Maggiori, Rossier, and Savickas across three sample groups (college students, civil servants, and enterprise employees) in the Chinese context. Results of the principal component analyses and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a four-factor solution and confirmed the hierarchical structure of the Chinese version of the CAAS-SF. In addition, this short form achieved satisfactory configural invariance, full metric invariance, and scalar invariance. These findings support the use of the CAAS-SF as a valid and reliable measure to assess career adaptability in China. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Occurrence of patients compared in a pediatric practice and pediatric hospital outpatient clinic
Authors: Voitl Peter , Meyer Rosmarie , Woditschka Astrid , Sebelefsky Christian , Böck Andreas , Schneeberger Verena
Published: May 2019

The frequency of consultations and the waiting times in pediatric hospital outpatient clinics are steadily increasing. The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of patients in a large pediatric group practice and a hospital-based general pediatric outpatient clinic. Primary parameters were the most common reasons for consultation, the waiting times and the reasons for selecting a certain institution. Most frequent diagnoses in the pediatric practice were upper respiratory tract infections (22.7% ( n = 141/621)), otitis media (5.2% ( n = 32/621)), and viral pharyngitis (3.9% ( n = 24/621)). Most common reasons for consultation in the hospital outpatient clinic were upper respiratory tract infections (18.4% ( n = 121/658)) and bacterial pharyngitis (17.9% ( n = 118/658)). In the pediatric practice, bacterial pharyngitis was only diagnosed in 3.1% ( n = 19/621) of the cases. Only slight differences exist between the two institutions regarding the observed entities, which mainly comprise mild to moderate acute illnesses. It can be concluded from this that the majority of patients might as well be treated in the nonhospital setting. Facilitating the communication and coordination between practices and hospitals might allow a better utilization of capacities. Thereby, waiting times, unnecessary reexaminations, and costs in the health-care system could be reduced.
Design optimization of triple friction pendulums for base-isolated high-rise buildings
Authors: Xu Yanqing , Guo Tong , Yan Ping
Published: May 2019

The triple friction pendulum bearing, as a novel seismic isolator, has received much attention due to its notable advantages such as variable stiffness and damping; however, existing investigations and applications are mainly for low-rise or medium-rise buildings. In order to determine optimal design parameters of triple friction pendulum bearings for high-rise buildings, equations of motion for an isolated high-rise building are derived, and an evaluation function is developed to indicate the isolation effect with different pendulum parameters. In the optimization analysis, seven ground motions are scaled to three levels (corresponding to the service level, the design basis, and the maximum considered earthquakes, respectively) and the genetic algorithm is applied to determine the optimal pendulum parameters. The optimization results are compared with those obtained by the single-degree-of-freedom model, where significant difference is observed, showing the necessity of the presented study. Using the optimal parameters of triple friction pendulum bearings, seismic responses of the isolated building are analyzed and compared with those of the building isolated using the single friction pendulum bearings and the base-fixed building, where it is observed that the triple friction pendulum bearing is more effective and reliable in reducing base shear, floor acceleration, and story drifts.
Intention to Treat Laparoscopic Versus Open Hemi-Hepatectomy: A Paired Case-Matched Comparison Study
Authors: Clark J. , Mavroeidis V. K. , Lemmon B. , Briggs C. , Bowles M. J. , Stell D. A. , Aroori S.
Published: May 2019

Background:

The benefits of laparoscopic hemi-hepatectomy compared to open hemi-hepatectomy are not clear.

Objective:

This study aims to share our experience with the laparoscopic hemi-hepatectomy compared to an open approach.

Methods:

A total of 40 consecutive laparoscopically started hemi-hepatectomy (intention-to-treat analysis) cases between August 2012 and October 2015 were matched against open cases using the following criteria: laterality of surgery and pathology (essential criteria); American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, pre-operative bilirubin, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, additional procedures, portal vein embolization, and presence of cirrhosis/fibrosis on histology (secondary criteria); age and gender (tertiary criteria). Hand-assisted and extended hemi-hepatectomy cases were excluded from the study. The two groups were compared for blood loss, operative time, hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, and oncological outcomes. All complications were quantified using the Clavien–Dindo classification.

Results:

Two groups were well matched (p = 1.00). In the two groups, 10 patients had left and 30 had right hemi-hepatectomy. Overall conversion rate was 15%. Median length of hospital and high dependency unit stay was less in the intention to treat laparoscopic hemi-hepatectomy group: 6 versus 8 days, p = 0.025 and 1 versus 2 days, p = 0.07. Median operative time was longer in the intention to treat laparoscopic hemi-hepatectomy group: 420 min (range: 389.5–480) versus 305 min (range: 238.8–348.8; p = 0.001). Intra-operative blood loss was equivalent, but the overall blood transfusions were higher in the intention to treat laparoscopic hemi-hepatectomy (50 vs 29 units, p = 0.36). The overall morbidity (18 vs 20 patients, p = 0.65), mortality (2.5%), and the positive resection margin status were similar (18% vs 21%, p = 0.76). The 1- (87.5% vs 92.5%, p = 0.71) and 3-year survival (70% vs 72.5%, p = 1.00) was also similar.

Conclusions:

We observed lower hospital and high dependency unit stay in the laparoscopic group. However, the laparoscopic approach was associated with longer operating time and a non-significant increase in blood transfusion requirements. There was no difference in morbidity, mortality, re-admission rate, and oncological outcomes.
Model predictive control with traffic information-based driver’s torque demand prediction for diesel engines
Authors: Nishio Yui , Shen Tielong
Published: May 2019

This article addresses a real-time optimal control problem of diesel engines. A stochastic model predictive control scheme is presented for the torque control problem of diesel engines where the driver’s demand torque is predicted using traffic information, and the probability distribution is exploited to represent the stochastic characteristics in the driver’s behavior. It will be shown by the simulation validation that the proposed scheme achieves much better performance of emission and energy consumption.
Proton transfer in the benzimidazolone and benzimidazolthione tautomerism process catalyzed by polar protic solvents
Authors: Abdeldjebar Hasnia , Belmiloud Yamina , Djitli Wassila , Achour Sofien , Brahimi Meziane , Tangour Bahoueddine
Published: May 2019

The tautomeric equilibrium of benzimidazolone and benzimidazolthione have been studied by the density functional theory method using the CAM-B3LYP functional together with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set. Two separate mechanisms have been investigated: a direct intramolecular transfer using the polarizable continuum model and an indirect proton transfer assisted by a molecule of solvent (C6H12, H2O, CH3OH, and H2O2). In both cases, the results obtained indicate that ketone and thione are the most stable forms. However, the enhanced height of the activation barrier for the four-center mechanisms describing the tautomerism reaction as a direct intramolecular transfer implicates a relatively disadvantaged process. The participation of a polar protic solvent molecule allows the lowering of the activation energy barrier. Potential energy profiles of keto-enol and thio-enol tautomerism assisted by methanol and water are very different. The former one describes a concerted mechanism but the latter does not because it is associated with asynchronous processes that take place during the thio-enol tautomerism.
Critical theory and transformative learning: Some insights
Authors: Wang Victor X , Torrisi-Steele Geraldine , Hansman Catherine A
Published: May 2019

Critical theory and transformative learning are two seminal theories that have incited a deluge of literature, fueled many discussions, and triggered much debate. Their relevance is enduring, and they are undeniably a great asset to the scholarship of adult education, but the two theories are far from fully developed or explored. Our purpose in this current article is to discuss critical theory alongside transformative learning theory and highlight their commonalities as we probe their connections and possibilities within adult education settings. It is our intention to contribute further thought and fuel ongoing critical analysis that may lead to further development of the two theories.
Magnetic Particle Imaging–Guided Stenting
Authors: Herz Stefan , Vogel Patrick , Kampf Thomas , Dietrich Philipp , Veldhoen Simon , Rückert Martin A. , Kickuth Ralph , Behr Volker C. , Bley Thorsten A.
Published: May 2019

Purpose:To assess the feasibility of magnetic particle imaging (MPI) to guide stenting in a phantom model. Materials and Methods: MPI is a new tomographic imaging method based on the background-free magnetic field detection of a tracer agent composed of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). All experiments were conducted on a custom-built MPI scanner (field of view: 29-mm diameter, 65-mm length; isotropic spatial resolution 1–1.5-mm). Stenosis phantoms (n=3) consisted of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes (8-mm inner diameter) prepared with centrally aligned cable binders to form a ~50% stenosis. A dedicated image reconstruction algorithm allowed precise tracking of endovascular instruments at 8 frames/s with a latency time of ~115 ms. A custom-made MPI-visible lacquer was used to manually label conventional guidewires, balloon catheters, and stainless steel balloon-expandable stents. Vascular stenoses were visualized by injecting a diluted SPIO tracer (ferucarbotran, 10 mmol iron/L) into the vessel phantoms. Balloon angioplasty and stent placement were performed by inflating balloon catheters and stent delivery balloons with diluted ferucarbotran. Results: After deployment of the stent, the markers on its ends were clearly visible. The applied lacquer markers were thin enough to not relevantly alter gliding properties of the devices while withstanding friction during the experiments. Placing an optimized flexible lacquer formulation on the preexisting radiopaque stent markers provided enough stability to withstand stent expansion. Final MPA confirmed successful stenosis treatment, facilitated by the disappearance of the lacquer markers on the stent due to differences in SPIO concentration. Thus, the in-stent lumen could be visualized without interference by the signal from the markers. Conclusion: Near real-time visualization of MPI-guided stenting of stenoses in a phantom model is feasible. Optimized MPI-visible markers can withstand the expansion process of stents.
Performance and Actual Pay in Norwegian Soccer
Authors: Thrane Christer
Published: May 2019

Data on actual earnings for soccer players are virtually impossible to obtain. For this reason, most performance–pay studies on soccer use market values as a proxy for earnings. No study to date has questioned whether this fact has had any bearing on the conclusions reached in the literature. This study examines this question by comparing how certain performance variables and player characteristics affect the actual earnings and market values of soccer players in the Norwegian version of the “Premier League,” the so-called Eliteserien. In several important respects, the analyses show that the regression coefficient estimates differ for actual earnings and market values. It is concluded that caution is warranted when interpreting performance variables’ and player characteristics’ effects on market values as they were effects on actual earnings.
Introduction of Novel Surgical Techniques: A Survey on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Surgeons
Authors: Ahmed Ali Mahmoud , Giang Hoang Thi Nam , Ghozy Sherief , Salem Hosni , Algazar Mohamed Osman , Altibi Ahmed , Son Huynh Thanh , Nam Anh Tang Ha , Cuong Tran Dinh , Tuan Le Quan Anh , Vuong Nguyen Lam , Abdou Mohamed , Ghorab Muhammad Mohieddin , Tran Ngan Bich , Elawady Sameh Samir , Elmaraezy Ahmed , Minh Le Huu Nhat , Hirayama Kenji , Huy Nguyen Tien
Published: May 2019

Purpose. To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of surgeons toward introducing novel surgical techniques in Egypt, Palestine, and Vietnam. Summary Background Data. Despite the recent advances in modern surgical care and its role in advancing the quality and the length of lives, surgery in the developing world has stagnated or even regressed. Methods. A survey was undertaken among the surgeons in 9 hospitals belonging to the 3 countries. Questions were categorized into knowledge, attitude, and practice questions. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the event rate and compare between knowledge and practice, senior and junior surgeons. Results. A total of 244 responses, with a response rate of 79.7%, were included in the analysis. Regarding knowledge and attitude, the results were satisfactory except that only 55.8% of surgeons appraised their level of education and 43.3% wanted to earn money from the novel procedure. There was a significant difference between knowledge and practice regarding getting informed consent from the patients ( P = .024), discussing the novelty of the procedure ( P < .001), discussing the alternative procedures ( P < .001), discussing the surgeons’ experience and level of skills ( P < .001), discussing the risk of the new procedure ( P < .001), and monitoring the outcomes after the new procedure ( P < .001). Conclusions. Most surgeons have sufficient knowledge and are motivated regarding adopting novel surgical techniques in order to provide the best care for the patients. However, there was a gap between knowledge and practice. Training programs and evidence-based guidelines regarding the introduction of novel surgical techniques are needed to overcome these challenges.
New biologics and small molecules in inflammatory bowel disease: an update
Authors: Sabino João , Verstockt Bram , Vermeire Séverine , Ferrante Marc
Published: May 2019

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a spectrum of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis, where different pathways may predominate in different individuals. This complexity will most likely require a panoply of drugs targeting different pathways if one wants to treat to steroid-free sustained remission and mucosal healing. Presently, the mainstay of medical management of IBD is based on 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, thiopurines, methotrexate, antitumor necrosis factor, anti-alpha4 beta7 (α4β7) integrin and anti-interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 therapies. The discovery of new pathways involved in the pathogenesis of IBD resulted in new drugs targeting Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, IL-6, spingosine-1-phosphate, and phosphodiesterase 4, among others. These new therapies might result in more advantageous safety profiles. Several of these new drugs have already been successfully tested in other inflammatory disorders, such as psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, evidence from phase II and phase III randomized controlled clinical trials in patients with IBD involving new biologicals and small molecules are summarized.