bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of Position and Availability interventions on adolescents’ food choice: An online experimental study
Authors: Edwards Katie , Blissett Jacqueline , Reynolds James
Published: April 2024

Interventions that alter characteristics of the food environment have been found to reduce energy intake in adults. However, few studies have examined the effect of Availability (reducing the number of higher energy options) and Position (altering the order of options) interventions on food choices by younger populations. Hence, this study examined the individual and combined effects of Availability and Position interventions on adolescents’ energy selection from restaurant menus. In this online experiment, adolescents (13-17 years; N=434) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) Availability and Position absent (control group) = 60% higher energy options, ordered randomly by energy content; (2) Availability present, Position absent = 40% higher energy options, ordered randomly by energy content; (3) Position present, Availability absent = 60% higher energy options, menu options were ordered from lower to higher energy; (4) Availability present, Position present = 40% higher energy options, menu options were ordered from lower to higher energy. The primary outcome was average energy selected per meal (starter, main, and dessert). Findings showed that both the Availability and Position interventions reduced adolescents’ meal energy selection, whether presented as individual interventions or combined. Thus, reducing the availability of higher energy menu options, and ordering menu options from low to high energy, appear to be effective strategies for reducing adolescents’ energy selection from overall meals. Further research is needed to determine whether these findings translate to real-life food choices.
Exploring scalar diversity through priming: A lexical decision study with adjectives
Authors: Lacina Radim , Gotzner Nicole
Published: April 2024

When someone says 'My soup was warm', they are often understood as saying that it was warm, but not hot. This is assumed to arise via a scalar implicature. According to the standard assumption, 'warm' and 'hot' are in competition and by saying 'warm', we reason that the speaker did not intend to convey 'hot'. This exclusion of alternatives should apply uniformly to any expression that can be ordered on a scale. Yet there are substantial differences in the endorsement rates of the strengthened meaning between various scales. These could be due to the availability of expressions or to the underlying semantic structure. We use priming to measure how active in the mind lexical expressions are. Contrary to the standard assumption, the more an expression was primed, the less likely a scalar implicature was endorsed. We discuss how the semantic structure of adjectives can support pragmatic reasoning without lexical alternatives.
Role of Accounting Information in Decision Making in Co-Operative in Kirtipur Municipality, Kathmandu
Authors: Mahataman Tribhuvan Kumar
Published: April 2024

The accounting information is used co-operative as well as business sectors. It makes easy to managerial and operational decision of an organization. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of accounting information on investment and marketing decision in co-operative in Kirtipur. Accounting information plays an important role in sustaining a competitive market. Rational investment and marketing decisions can save cooperatives from the present financial crisis. This research is quantitative in nature and deductive in approach. It followed field survey based on convenience sampling. SPSS was used to analyze the data collected from 60 usable questionnaires returned from respondents. The total population of the study is 96. The p-value is 0.000, which is less than 1% level of significance. So, the ANOVA table indicates that the model is fitted. There is a significant impact of accounting information on investment and marketing decisions. In the competitive age accounting information is important for investment and marketing related decision for survive and growth of co-operatives.
स्नातक तहको अनिवार्य नेपालीमा साहित्य शिक्षण {Literary teaching in Compulsory Nepali for Bachelor level}
Authors: पहाडी Pahadi ढुण्डिराज Dhundiraj
Published: April 2024

साहित्य भाषाको विशिष्ट प्रयोग हो । मानवीय संवेदना र मर्मको बोध गर्न र पठनक्षमताको विकासका निम्ति साहित्य उपयोगी मानिन्छ । साहित्यले व्यक्तिको रचनात्मक क्षमताको वृद्धि र व्यक्तित्व विकासमा पनि सहयोग पुर्याउँछ । व्यक्तिलाई आनन्दको अनुभूति गराउन तथा शब्दभण्डार वृद्धि गरी अभिव्यक्ति कुशलताको सामथ्र्य बढाउन साहित्यको पठन र आस्वादनमा जोड दिइन्छ । यिनै कारणले भाषाशिक्षणमा साहित्यिक कृतिको प्रयोग हुँदै आएको हो । प्रस्तुत अध्ययन पनि त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालयको वर्तमान पाठ्यक्रमअन्तर्गत स्नातक तहको अनिवार्य नेपालीमा निर्धारित कविता, कथा, उपन्यास, निबन्ध र नाटक जस्ता साहित्यिक विधाहरूको शिक्षणको प्रयोजन, प्रभावकारिता तथा उपादेयताको विमर्शमा नै केन्द्रित छ । विद्यार्थीको पठनसिप तथा अभिव्यक्ति क्षमताको विकास गर्ने समेत उद्देश्य राखेर निर्माण गरिएको चारबर्से स्नातक तहको नेपालीअन्तर्गत निर्धारित एकाइ एघारको ‘साहित्यिक कृतिको आस्वादन र अध्ययन’ भन्ने पाठ्यांश एकालाप प्रकृतिको व्याख्यान विधिभन्दा अन्तरक्रियात्मक र सहभागितामूलक सिकाइमा जोड दिने प्रकृतिको पाठ्यविषय हो । साहित्यिक विधाहरूको गम्भीर वा गहन विश्लेषण होइन सामान्य दृष्टिले गरिने अध्ययनका आधारमा कृतिको विधागत चिनारी तथा कृतिमा प्रयुक्त घटना, पात्र, परिवेश, भाव, विचार वा सन्देश बुझ्न र बुझाउन सक्षम बनाई पाठक प्रतिक्रिया समेत लेख्न सक्ने बनाउने विश्लेष्य पाठ्यविषयको प्रयोजन देखिन्छ । प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा चार बर्से स्नातक तहको अनिवार्य नेपालीमा निर्धारित कविता, कथा, निबन्ध र एकाङ्की वा नाटकबाट तथ्य सङ्कलन गरी साहित्यिक विधा सिद्धान्तको सामान्य सैद्धान्तिक अवधारणा समेतका आधारमा प्राज्ञिक जिज्ञासाको वस्तुनिष्ठ विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । साहित्यिक कृतिको सामान्य पठन र आस्वादन, अभिव्यक्ति कौशलको वृद्धि तथा व्यक्तित्व विकासमा साहित्यिक कृतिको शिक्षणले प्रभावकारी भूमिका खेल्छ भन्ने प्रस्तुत अध्ययनको निष्कर्ष रहेको छ ।
नेपालमा जैविक विविधताः वर्तमान स्थिति, खतरा र संरक्षण {Biodiversity in Nepal: Current Status, Threats and Conservation}
Authors: ओली Oli लाल बहादुर Lal Bahadur
Published: April 2024

प्रस्तुत लेखमा नेपालमा जैविक विविधताको स्थिति,जैविक विविधताका खतराहरु र जैविक विविधता संरक्षणको बाटो बारेमा व्याख्या र विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा द्वितिय स्रोतहरूबाट प्राप्त तथ्याङ्कहरू र सूचनालाइ तालिकिकरण र बर्गीकरण गरि वर्णनात्मक विधिबाट विश्लेषण र व्याख्या गर्ने प्रयास गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनको निष्कर्षले के देखाउँछ भने नेपाल विश्वकै सानो मुलुक भएता पनि जैविक विविधतामा नेपाल समृद्ध मुलुक हो । विशिष्ट भौगोलिक अवस्था, उचाइगत विविधता,जलवायु विविधता र यिनको समिश्रणबाट विशिष्ट पारिस्थितिक प्रणालिको विकास भएको छ । यसर्थ पारिस्थितिक प्रणालि र बासस्थान, प्रजाति र जीन गरि तीन तहको नेपालको जैविक विविधता नेपालको उचाइगत विविधता र विविध जलवायु अवस्था र अद्वितीय भौगोलिक स्थितिको प्रतिबिम्ब हो । नेपालमा ११८किसिमका परिस्थितिक प्रणालीहरु पहिचान भएका छन भने २४२ वटा सिमसार क्षेत्र रहेको पहिचान भएको छ । प्रजातिय विविधताको हिसावले हेर्ने हो भने विश्वमा पाइने कुल वनस्पति प्रजातिको ३.२ प्रतिशत तथा कुल प्राणी प्रजातिको १.१ प्रतिशत नेपालमा पाइन्छ । यी जीवजन्तु तथा वनस्पतिका प्रजातिहरुमध्ये ७३ प्रजातिका स्तनधारी, ११३ प्रजातिका चरा, २९ प्रजातिका घस्रने प्राणी, २ प्रजातिका उभयचर, ३ प्रजातिका पुतली र ४१७ प्रजातिका वनस्पति साईटिस अनुसूचीमा सूचीकृत भएका छन । यसैगरि जैविक विविधता संरक्षणका क्षेत्रमा विभिन्न नीतिगत तथा कानुनी व्यवस्थाहरु गर्दै यस क्षेत्रमा नेपालले हासिल गरेका उपलब्धी प्रशंसनीय रहँदै आएको भए पनि जैविक विविधता संरक्षणमा खतराहरु पनि छन । वन्यजन्तु वासस्थानको विनाश तथा ह्रास जलवायु परिवर्तन, अनियन्त्रित, आक्रामक बाह्य प्रजातिहरूको प्रवेश,वातावरण प्रदुषण, प्राकृतिक स्रोतहरूको अत्यधिक दोहन, वन्यजन्तुको चोरि शिकार तथा अवैध व्यापार, मानव –वन्यजन्तु द्वन्द्व आदि मुख्य खतराको रूपमा रहँदै आएका छन । त्यसैले नीतिगत, कानुनी र संस्थागत सुधारका साथै स्रोत पहिचान, नीति,योजना र कार्यक्रम तर्जुमा र प्रभावकारी कार्यान्वयन, जैविक विविधता क्षेत्रबाट हुने लाभांसको न्यायोचित वितरण गर्न सरकारी निकाय, स्थानीय समुदाय, गैरसरकारी संस्था र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय साझेदारहरू लगायत विभिन्न सरोकारवालाहरूको समन्वय र सहकार्य गरेर जैविक विविधता संरक्षण सुनिश्चित गर्न सकिन्छ ।
‘निर्णय’ कथाको समाजशात्रीय विश्लेषण {A sociological analysis of the story 'Nirnaya'}
Authors: अर्याल Aryal शेखर Shekhar
Published: April 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख मातृका पोखरेलद्वारा लिखित सन्त्रस्त आँखाहरू कथासङ्ग्रह (२०६१) मा समाविष्ट कथामा आधारित छ । यस कथाको विश्लेषण समाजशास्त्रीय चिन्तक इपिलि अडोल्फ तेनको जाति, युग र पर्यावरणमध्ये भौगोलिक, समाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आर्थिक पर्यावरणका पक्षबाट गरिएको छ । साहित्यमा पर्यावरणको प्रभाव प्रबल रूपमा रहेको हुन्छ । पर्यावरण समाजको भौगोलिक संरचना तथा हावापानीसँग सम्बन्धित हुन्छ । भौगोलिक संरचना तथा प्राकृतिक स्थितिले साहित्यलाई प्रभाव पारेको हुन्छ । निर्णय कथामा नेपालको ग्रामीण भौगोलिक पर्यावरणका साथै सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक, राजनीतिक र आर्थिक पर्यारवण रहेको छ । कथामा ग्रामीण जनजीवनको परिवेशलाई आधार मानी वि. सं. २०५२ सालपछिको पर्यावरणमा त्यस समयमा हुने वर्गीय भेद, सत्ताको मोहमा फसेको राजनीति, जनताप्रतिको चासो, आर्थिक अवस्था, भौगोलिक अवस्थाले पार्ने प्रभाव, चुनावी माहोल, नेपाली परिवेशमा गरेको सङ्घर्ष सशक्त रूपमा रहेको छ । मूलतः यस विश्लेषणमा समाजशास्त्रीय मान्यतामा रही जाति, क्षण र पर्यावरणमध्ये भौगोलिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, आर्थिक र सांस्कृतिक पर्यावरणको प्रभाव परेको छ ।
Community forestry and peoples livelihoods
Authors: Pokharel Bharat Kumar
Published: April 2024

Journal of Forestry and Livelihood ForestAction16 LIVELIHOODS, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY AND EQUITY The author highlights the successes of community forestry in improving local livelihoods. Using a livelihood framework, he assesses the nature and extent ofcontributions of community forestry in improving the different livelihoods capitals – including social and human, natural, and physical. He also identifies broader positive changes in social, organizational and policy aspects. Finally, some challenges ahead are also identified.
Empowerment or marginalization: a debate in community forestry in Nepal
Authors: Timsina Netra
Published: April 2024

The impact of community forestry program in Nepal is debated around the potentials for empowerment and risk of marginalization. This article draws some evidences of both scenarios. Evidences in the filed show that community forest management process can be a forum for all users including women, poor and 'lower' castes on the one hand, and equally it can be a vehicle for theelite group of people to legitimize their interests by the unconscious consent of the users, on the other. This articles concludes with a recommendation for monitoring policy implementation and democratizing the Forest User Groups at local level in a way that enables the poor and marginalized to articulate their interests and needs to the decision making process of the forest resourcemanagement.
Issues and options of sustainable management of Himalayan medicinal herbs
Authors: Luintel Harisharan
Published: April 2024

Nepal hosts a wide range of NTFPs and bio-diversity including over 700 species of medicinal herbs. NTFPs are an important part of the Nepalese economy, both locally as well as nationally. Recent studies indicate that several commercially valuable species are being over used and degraded (Edward 1996; Malla et al. 1995; Hertog 1995; Karki 1996; Sharma, 1996) due to higher demand as raw materials for herbal industries in India and other countries. As a result of pre-mature harvesting, over-exploitation and haphazard collection of NTFPs, the productive potential of the whole forest ecosystem is undermined. The damage is particularly serious in termsof pressure on the few species identified for trade, as well as pre-mature harvesting, physical damage, and haphazard collection.

This indicates a need to assess the reasons behind unsustainable practices, and identify options for sustainable management. Based on the recently collected field data from the western Himalayan region (Humla and Dolpa districts), the paper analyzes dynamics of unsustainable harvesting and management practices of NTFPs, with particular reference to Jatamansi (Nardostachysgrandiflora), Kutki (Picmrhiza scrophulariiflora) and Sugandhawal (Valeriana jatainansi). Key variables within institutional, economic, natural/physical, and policy aspects are considered for analysis. Finally, potential actions that can be taken to improve harvesting practices are also suggested.
Review of community forestry monitoring systems in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Krishna
Published: April 2024

A study was conducted to review the monitoring systems of various stakeholders involved in local level forest management in Nepal. The purpose of this review is to assess the current status of monitoring, identify and document lessons learnt, and explore gaps and opportunities for possible interventions.The study looked mainly at two aspects of existing monitoring systems and practices: a) self-monitoring practices of FUGs), and b) collaborative monitoring practices between FUGs and four different categories of stakeholders - Government, donor field projects, I/NGOs and civil society. A review of concepts related to participatory monitoring is made based on the literature, and aconceptual framework has been proposed for the review of monitoring practices in the context of community forestry in Nepal. Key elements used in the analysis include a) meanings and perceptions of monitoring, b) purpose, c) focus and scale, d) approach, processes and tools, e)contributions to adaptive management.
Innovative forestry: a synthesis of small-scale forest management practice from Nepal
Authors: Ojha Hemant
Published: April 2024

This guidebook has been published at a time when there is a widespread recognition in Nepal that community forests are not beingactively managed to realize their full potential. Whilst there are both institutional and technical solutions to this problem, the guidebook has clearly spelled out its position in addressing the technical issues of forest management in a way field workers can really understand and articulate while working with forest user groups.
Retrospective and Prospective View of Community Forestry in Nepal
Authors: Gilmour Don
Published: April 2024

Community forestry in Nepal has gone through significant changes since its inception in the late 1970s. On one hand, impressive gains have been made in terms of developing and applying methodologies suitable for conditions in the Middle Hills. On the other hand, major challenges remain in terms of achieving equitable outcomes and in having community forests become significant engines for community development in forest-rich communities. The current political instability also requires a questioning of the appropriateness of the implementation modalities developed during more stable political times.
AI Robot – Companion, Friend or Competitor of Human Being?
Authors: Wieczorek Krzysztof T.
Published: April 2024

Robots are becoming part of people’s everyday surroundings. Therefore, the formation and change of people’s attitude towards objects equipped with artificial intelligence is becoming an important subject of reflection. Substantial research has already been conducted, but few predictions have been made about the future relationship between humanity and autonomous, multi-tasking and highly advanced artificial intelligence. The purpose of this article is an attempt at extrapolating the evolution of the human-robot bond so far, from alienation and a sense of threat toward tameness, affection and even―perhaps―friendship. The study of the evolution of the relationship between humans and artificial intelligence makes it also possible to deepen our understanding of who human beings are, what their needs, expectations, and hopes are, and which of them can be realized through close cooperation between humans and artificial intelligence.
Googlism – Man’s New “Religion” in the Digital Age
Authors: Jasiński Karol
Published: April 2024

The aim of this paper is to present the main premises of googlism and to characterize the various ways of understanding it. The paper comprises two main parts: the first part presents the main elements of googlism (the doctrine, moral principles, the cult and the community), which makes it resemble a religion in its conventional meaning. However, it emphasizes that the similarity to a religion is only superficial since one crucial element is missing: the affirmation of a supernatural and personal Absolute and an existential, dynamic and holistic interpersonal relation between It and man. Sacralization and deification of a search engine can hardly be regarded as a constitutive element of a religion. The second part contains characteristics of googlism as a lay religion, with the sacrum reduced to natural aspects as a result of technology sacralization; a digital religion, that is, a technological space which favors the creation of new religious content and practice; the “new spirituality” of the man of the era of a digital revolution; and, finally, a “joke religion,” which is a parody of religious life.
Perspektif Pengembangan Digital Talent Era Industri 4.0
Authors: Pretty Puji Hartati Veronica Novelia , Giovanni Axel
Published: April 2024

The industrial revolution 4.0 creates a new space for the workforce to be able to compete and compete in the global world. Technological developments in the digital world have given birth to a new paradigm and innovation for employee talent development. This study aims to offer a conceptual framework for digital talent development in the era 4.0. This research was conducted using a literature study method through reference to articles related to the topics discussed. The results of the study found that in facing the industrial era 4.0 where digital transformation occurred, companies need to carry out various programs and policies that support employee talent development such as, training and development, encouraging employee competence, re-skilling, up-skilling. Creating a skilled workforce that is able to adapt to the world is the key to achieving the company's success. In this study, the authors also suggest conducting further empirical and quantitative research on management approaches in the context of industry 4.0. Keywords: digital talent, human resource development, talent management, industry 4.0
Pengaruh Karakteristik Individu, Karakteristik Pekerjaan, dan Karakteristik Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta
Authors: Suhartini Yati
Published: April 2024

The goal of this study is to find out how the individual characteristic,  job characteristic,organizational characteristic toward employee job satisfaction in Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Kabupaten Bantul. This study is a quantitative approach. Populations of this reseach are all employee in Dinas Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Bantul, totally 61 respondent. Technique of data collection is conducted by questionnaire and analyzed by using a variety of linear regressions.This analysis's findings indicate that the individual characteristic value of the regression coefficient is 0,407 and significant 0,008 (<0,05). The job characterictic has a significant and positive impact on job satisfaction with regression coefficient value  is 0,312 and significant 0,036 (<0,05). The organizational characteristic has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction with regression coeffisient value is 0,443 and significant 0,022 (<0,05). Test-F shows that individual characteristic, job characteristic, organizational characteristic significant effect on job saticfaction, evidenced by result test F 28.483 and  significant Test F 0,000 (<0.05). The adjusted R2 amountto  0,579 which means 57,9 % of job satisfaction are influence by individual characteristic,  job characteristic, organizational characteristic.
Pengaruh Beban Kerja, Kompensasi, dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Stres Kerja Karyawan
Authors: Hanum Indriati Inayat , Widhayanti Anista
Published: April 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of workload, compensation, and work environment on the work stress of employees. The research was conducted from February to August 2022. This research is a quantitative study with a total of 70 respondents and the sampling technique used is the saturated sampling technique. Data was collected by means of interviews and questionnaires. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 22.0 for windows. The results of this study indicate that partially the workload has a positive and significant effect on work stress, compensation has a negative and significant effect on work stress, , the work environment has a negative and significant effect on work stress. Workload, compensation, work environment simultaneously have a significant effect on work stress. Workload, compensation, and work environment simultaneously affect work stress by 20.6%, while the remaining 79.4% is influenced by other variables.
Determinan Keberlanjutan UMKM Melalui Digitalisasi Marketing, Literasi Keuangan, Inklusi Keuangan, dan Dukungan Pemerintah
Authors: Anandita Zulia Putri  , Rafika Nur Astuti  , Lulu Amalia Nusron
Published: April 2024

The research aims to examine the effect of digital marketing, financial literacy, financial inclusion, and government support on the sustainability of MSMEs. This study method is quantitative using primary data. Purposive sampling is the sampling technique of choice. The number of samples obtained was 157 MSMEs in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Analysis of the resulting data using multiple linear regression using the SPSS program. The study results show that digital marketing, financial literacy, financial inclusion, and government support positively affect the sustainability of MSMEs.
Publication Output and Trends of LIS Faculty Teaching Health-Related Courses: Connecting Research, Teaching, and Practice
Authors: Charbonneau Deborah H. , Vardell Emily , T. Huber Jeffrey , Shapiro Robert M. , Kean Emily B.
Published: April 2024

The publication output of Library and Information Science (LIS) faculty teaching health courses has not been analyzed. The purpose of this bibliometric analysis was to examine publication patterns of full-time LIS faculty that teach health-related courses for library science programs in the United States and Canada. Full-time LIS faculty teaching health-related courses in American Library Association (ALA)–accredited programs were identified by searching course listings, faculty profiles, and syllabi from ALA-accredited school websites and contacting deans and directors of schools. The 29 LIS faculty that were identified and met the inclusion criteria were contacted via email in September 2021 and invited to voluntarily share their curricula vitae (CVs) for analysis. A total of 16 respondents provided their CVs, representing a 55% response rate. This was supplemented by locating five more CVs publicly available online. The final sample of LIS faculty was 21, and the bibliometrics analysis was based on a total of 716 publications published from 2011 to 2021 and reported on the CVs from this group of scholars. This analysis resulted in the identification of several patterns. Journal articles were the most common publication type, followed by conference proceedings. Joint authorship patterns were more common than solo authors, highlighting the collaborative nature of research. While faculty published in a range of LIS and interdisciplinary journals, highly cited papers appeared in health specialty journals. This study represents the first step in examining the research output for this under-explored community of LIS scholars. These findings may be of interest to promotion and tenure committees, newer tenure-track faculty, and doctoral students exploring academic careers in this specialized area.
"A Look at Lincoln"
Authors: Williams Frank
Published: April 2024

In the midst of our country’s current debates over immigration, Harold Holzer’s new exploration of Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, Brought Forth on This Continent: Abraham Lincoln and American Immigration, offers a timely reminder that such contentious issues are not unique to our time. Holzer’s new book delves into a pivotal subject during the Civil War and unveils Lincoln’s multifaceted stance on immigration and its profound impact on American society – both then and now.
"To the Manor Born"
Authors: Long Jacob
Published: April 2024

Matthew Speiser’s To The Manor Born is bold, but bold by the attempt alone. Speiser’s history where the American Civil War never ends is a work of fiction whose high-water mark is its own synopsis. Of course, same as anything in the world of imagination, Speiser’s America could have conceivably existed.
A Brief Moment in the Sun: Francis Cardozo and Reconstruction in South Carolina
Authors: Wing Alexander
Published: April 2024

Neil Kinghan offers an intriguing biography of Francis Cardozo, the first African American to hold statewide office after the Civil War. As secretary of state, and later treasurer of South Carolina, Kinghan reevaluates Cardozo’s historical significance as an instrumental figure in the postwar reconstruction of the state. The primary aim of this book is to “give [Cardozo] the recognition he deserves and restore his place in African American history of the nineteenth century.” In so doing, Kinghan addresses the “still inadequate recognition of the achievements of the period and almost none of the contribution of Francis Cardozo.” The author uses Cardozo’s achievements as minister, educator, and politician to critique the understanding – popularized after Redemption – of Reconstruction as a “tragic era.” Far from a period of failure, he emphasizes Cardozo’s tangible contributions to the enduring successes that African Americans could carry forward after Reconstruction’s demise, and into Jim Crow.
Analyses of Aging in Aluminum Cast Alloys by X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Delgado M. , Pérez-González F.A. , Garza-Montes-de-Oca N.F. , Colás R. , Cázares C.S. , González J.A. , Talamantes-Silva J. , Haro S.
Published: April 2024

The use of aluminum alloys in automotive and other industries is due to their excellent combination of weight and strength, which is obtained by heat treating. The alloying elements are put in solution by holding the material at a high temperature, and cooling at a rate fast enough to allow them to remain in solution; strengthening is then produced by the precipitation of particles of different size, shape and nature. This work presents the results of the analyses of samples made from cast aluminum alloys hardened by either the precipitation of Mg2Si or Al2Cu and of an alloy that has both. The samples were solution treated at temperatures adequate for the different alloys and cooled by placing them in water close to boiling. Aging was conducted at two different temperatures (170 and 240°C) in all cases for times as long as 100 hrs. Changes due to aging were documented by microhardeness, microscopical examination and by X-ray diffraction. X-ray examination showed that the peak corresponding to the {311} position shifts the aging condition, indicating changes in the lattice parameter of aluminum, which depends on the type of particle that precipitates.
Microstructure Effects on Tensile Brittleness of As-Quenched Zl205A at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Wang Wenguang , Guo Guannan , Wang Gang , Rong Yiming
Published: April 2024

The solution quenching process is a critical heat treatment process for aluminum alloys to obtain better strength and a homogeneous super solid solution. In this paper, the mechanical properties of Al-5%Cu-0.4%Mn in the as-quenched state are tested. The alloy, designated as ZL205 (Chinese standard), has a chemical composition similar to a 2xxx series aluminum alloy and is used for constructing large thin wall components. The ZL205A alloy shows good performance under loading at room temperature while losing its toughness and exhibiting tensile brittleness, which is unexpected at elevated temperatures (especially at 300 °C). After observing the fracture sections of ZL205A at room temperature and at 300 °C, it may be concluded that one possible reason leading to this phenomenon may be the formation of the T phase at grain boundaries. Such a hypothesis is validated and discussed with the help of SEM observations.
Furnace Atmosphere Troubleshooting—Producing the Highest Quality Stainless Steel Cutlery
Authors: Speaker Richard F.
Published: April 2024

Trouble-shooting furnace heat treatment quality issues, such as oxidation and discoloration, can sometimes be challenging. At times, normal, conventional troubleshooting steps and techniques may not always work. This is especially true when precise atmospheric contaminant analysis is required. This can vary based on the furnace atmosphere, the type of furnace, and the metallurgical properties of the materials being heat treated.
Enhancement of Carbonitride Tool— Retained Austenite and Microhardness Prediction
Authors: Zhang Lei , He Liang , Sisson R.D.
Published: April 2024

A software simulation tool, CarbonitrideTool, has been developed by Center for Heat Treatment Excellence (CHTE) to predict the Nitrogen and Carbon concentration profiles in selected steels. In this paper, the introduction of the software will be presented. In addition, enhancements have been made to improve the CarbonitrideTool. The diffusion of nitrogen increases the amount of retained Austenite (RA) by changing the Ms temperature. In this paper, the modification has been made to calculate the RA fraction. The empirical prediction of microhardness profile will also be presented. The results of verification experiments will be presented and discussed.
Applying and Specifying Metallurgical Engineering in the Production of Heavy Truck Axle Shafts
Authors: Heifner Steven C.
Published: April 2024

Freight truck shipping is a massive industry and an important contributor to the US economy. Truck axle shafts for decades have been made from induction hardened carbon steel with 0.4% to 0.5% carbon. Associated metallurgical engineering of steel procurements, forging, processing, and applied machining, impacts axle shaft production and performance. This paper reviews metallurgical principles and controls currently applied to heavy truck axle shaft use and production in North America. Basic metallurgical engineering principles and controls, as historically and currently applied and specified, plus potential opportunities for increasing engineering value optimization, are reviewed. In particular, case depth, surface hardness, microstructure, grain size, chemical compositional interactions, procurement, processing, metallurgical evaluation, and overall engineering characterization and achievement targets are discussed.
Sustainable Energy Efficiency in Industry
Authors: Stowe Michael L.
Published: April 2024

Industrial processes require significant amounts of energy to transform raw materials into finished products. Understanding industrial processes, equipment, and support systems is key to finding energy-efficient solutions. This paper covers the basics of sustainable energy efficiency for industrial systems and outlines approaches and programs to help heat treaters reduce energy usage.
High-Strength Steel Bainitizing Using Controlled In Situ Gas Quenching within Machining Processes
Authors: Bucquet Thibaud , Fritsching Udo , Gulpak Maxim , Wagner André
Published: April 2024

The bainitizing potential for new forging steels and heat treatment gas quenching have both gained a growing interest in the automotive industry. The bainitizing process, particularly within the lower bainite range, aims at providing an improved ductility with strength above martensite level. Previous investigations demonstrated the ability of controlled gas quenching for bainitizing of a stepped shaft from the forging heat. In the present work, quenching and machining process steps have been combined to investigate the bainitizing potential of the specimen during machining at elevated temperatures (hot machining). Therefore, gas jet quenching has been experimentally evaluated and the derived heat transfer coefficient distributions have been implemented into heat treatment simulations. Bainitizing strategies featuring various quenching field configurations can be operated based on simulations and time-temperature-transformation diagrams for high-strength ductile bainite (HDB) steel grade. Selected strategies have been tested within a turning machine adapted for controlled heat treatment using a gas quenching field.
Role of Staggered-Array Water Jet on Intensive Quenching for Heat Treatment
Authors: Lee Jungho , Kim Tae Hoon , Do Kyu Hyung , Sohn Sangho , Lee Seong Hyuk , Choi Chang Kyung
Published: April 2024

Water impinging jets have been widely used in quenching of hot steel plate. The role of staggered-array water jet on intensive quenching is experimentally investigated at fixed jet Reynolds number of 35,000 and nozzle-to-plate distance of 100 mm. The time-and space-resolved heat flux and heat transfer coefficient can be exactly measured with 5 different staggered-array jet configurations ranged from S/D = 3 to 8. The heat transfer characteristics were measured by a novel experimental technique that has a function of high-temperature heat flux gauge. The qualitative flow visualization showed complex flow patterns for staggered-array configuration, which exhibits a radial flow interaction issuing from adjacent water jets. The results show that the maximum area-averaged heat flux was observed at S/D = 3. This is caused by the radial interaction between adjacent jets which affects different boiling heat transfer on a hot steel plate. The maximum cooling rate at the surface reaches nearly 600°C/sec during water jet quenching. This study is motivated by the fact that a new design of intensive quench process requires the role of staggered-array water impinging jet on its heat transfer characteristics. In case of intensive quenching process for heat treatment, the water jet quenching is nominally started from above the austenitic temperature of 900°C to the finish quenching temperature of 300°C at which the martensite formation starts. Finally the current study is to provide quantitative local and average heat transfer characteristics of the staggered-array water jet quenching.
Critical Heat Transfer Coefficient Test for Gas Quench Steel Hardenability
Authors: Lu Yuan , Sisson R.D. , Rong Yiming (Kevin) , Mocsari Jeffrey
Published: April 2024

Gas quench, with advantages such as reducing distortion and residual stress, is developing rapidly with the intent to replace liquid quench. Medium and high hardenability steels are needed for gas quench, since the quenching power is lower compared to liquid quench1. The traditional Jominy end quench test and Grossmann test, designed for liquid quench steel hardenability, didn’t properly determine the hardenability of high alloyed steels. In order to determine gas quench steel hardenability, a new test is required. In this paper, a critical heat transfer coefficient (HTC) test based on the Grossmann test is proposed. Critical HTC, a concept like critical diameter, was successfully proved to describe the gas quench hardenability of steel. The critical HTC of AISI 4140 steel is 430 W/m2C and the critical HTC of AISI 52100 steel is 820 W/m2C, which reveals that the gas quench hardenability of 4140 is better than 52100. In the paper, the critical HTC test requirements are presented and discussed.
Stabilization of Vegetable Oil-Based Quenchants to Thermal-Oxidative Degradation-Effect of Antioxidants on Quenching Performance
Authors: Simêncio Éder Cícero Adão , Otero Rosa L. Simencio , Canale Lauralice C.F. , Totten George E.
Published: April 2024

Although petroleum oils continue to be the dominant type of base stock for the formulation of vaporizable quenchants, there is increasing pressure to identify an alternative. Petroleum oils are not a renewable base stock, and they possess generally poor toxicity and biodegradability properties. Currently, the most often cited alternative base stocks are those based on seed oils since they are renewable and are readily biodegradable, and usually non-toxic. However, they suffer a critically important deficiency in that they are also typically much less stable to thermal-oxidative degradation than petroleum oils. Various studies have addressed the effect of vegetable oil structure on oxidation and on the use of oxidation inhibitors to provide the necessary stabilization. However, most of these reports do not address the relative effects of specific antioxidant structures on inhibiting oxidation and on quenching performance. This paper describes the use of certain antioxidant structures on inhibition of thermal-oxidation and on the effect of the presence of antioxidants on quenching performance.
Low Pressure Carburizing in a Vacuum Furnace
Authors: Lord Thomas
Published: April 2024

Historically, this carburizing has been performed in an endothermic gas consisting of CO2, CH4, CO, etc, but carburizing in low pressure with the proper gas mixture changes the landscape. Using C2 H2, the process is no longer endothermic as C2H2 is a catalytically decomposable hydrocarbon and dissociates in the presence of an iron catalyst. LPC is a recipe driven in contrast to the constant monitoring of the carbon potential in atmospheric gas carburizing, and with the wide acceptance of simulation programs, recipes are no longer created by trial and error. Introduction of nitrogen to the steel, followed by carbon with higher temperatures, can dramatically reduce cycle times and still control grain growth.
INTELIGÊNCIA EMOCIONAL COMO COMPETÊNCIA PARA O PROFISSIONAL DA ÁREA COMERCIAL
Authors: Passos Lima Sobral Ana Claudia , Da Cruz Nathanna Helen , Da Costa Elvio Carlos
Published: April 2024

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar a importância da inteligência emocional como competência fundamental para profissionais da área comercial. A inteligência emocional refere-se à capacidade de reconhecimento, compreensão e gerenciamento das nossas próprias emoções, e assim, lidar efetivamente com as emoções dos outros. A metodologia usada foi através de um levantamento bibliográfico e aplicação de um questionário via Google Forms, composto por 07 questões, para profissionais da área comercial que atuam nas cidades de Araraquara e Américo Brasiliense, a fim de analisar o nível de inteligência emocional presente nesse contexto profissional. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a relevância da inteligência emocional para os profissionais da área comercial. Essa pesquisa ressalta a importância de investir no desenvolvimento da inteligência emocional como uma competência-chave para os profissionais da área comercial, pois ela contribui para o alcance de resultados positivos, fortalece a comunicação e a capacidade de negociação, além de promover um ambiente de trabalho mais saudável e produtivo.
BEM ESTAR ANIMAL NA PRODUÇÃO DO GADO DE CORTE
Authors: Tamires Lotti Juliana , Ferrarezi Junior Edemar
Published: April 2024

O estudo analisa a importância de incorporar o bem-estar junto a pecuária nos sistemas de produção animal e na obtenção do resultado final, que, neste contexto, se trata da carne bovina. Essa análise é fundamentada em revisões bibliográficas que abrangem fontes como websites, livros, artigos e monografias. O objetivo é embasar a discussão sobre o tema, que surge a partir da preocupação com as condições de manejo durante todo o processo, desde a origem dos animais até sua chegada aos frigoríficos. Esse enfoque está intrinsecamente conectado a todos os participantes da cadeia produtiva e reflete o esforço conjunto para alcançar produtos de alta qualidade e segurança, produzidos de maneira sustentável e ética. A ausência da priorização do bem-estar animal nas práticas de manejo resulta na exposição dos animais a níveis de estresse prejudiciais, acarretando consequências negativas em todas as etapas da cadeia produtiva. A finalidade central desta pesquisa foi realizar uma avaliação abrangente dos princípios do bem-estar animal, com foco especial na sua aplicação aos bovinos de corte. Esse enfoque visa compreender de que forma o bem-estar animal influencia diretamente a qualidade do produto final.
COMPARAÇÃO DA PRODUTIVIDADE E MANEJO DO LIMÃO CONVENCIONAL E ORGÂNICO
Authors: Maximiano Denys Leandro , Gianotti Fernanda
Published: April 2024

O objetivo desse trabalho foi a comparação da produção de limão nos métodos convencional e orgânico, destacando as vantagens e desafios de cada abordagem. O cultivo convencional utiliza fertilizantes sintéticos e pesticidas, resultando em alta produtividade, rendimentos mais elevados e menor risco de perdas na colheita, também a disponibilidade no mercado é maior, devido à demanda geralmente alta, mas tem impactos ambientais negativos e riscos para a saúde devido a resíduos químicos nos limões. Por outro lado, o cultivo orgânico é mais sustentável, tem maior valor de mercado, com menos resíduos químicos, melhor qualidade nutricional e menor impacto ambiental. No entanto, enfrenta desafios de menor produtividade devido à dificuldade de controle de pragas e doenças sem o uso de pesticidas sintéticos e adubação química, com custos mais altos devido à necessidade de mão de obra e insumos orgânicos. A escolha entre os dois métodos depende dos valores e prioridades de cada pessoa, seja como agricultor ou consumidor, considerando aspectos biológicos, ambientais e de saúde.
ESTUDO SOBRE A BIOMASSA
Authors: Roberto Martins Luiz , Carrino Adaulto Luiz
Published: April 2024

A biomassa é um conjunto de matéria orgânica, de resíduos vegetais e animais que é utilizado para a produção da biomassa. Assim, a matéria orgânica utilizada na produção tem fundamentação direta e indireta com a bioenergia. Neste sentido, este estudo tem como problematização o seguinte questionamento: Como está o cenário da biomassas brasileiras, seus diferenciais, sua obtenção e processamento, bem como os produtos que derivam da biomassa? Para o alcance de resposta frente a problematização, compreendemos como objetivo, demonstrar as diretrizes para o entendimento das biomassas brasileiras, os diferenciais deste tipo de energia, sua obtenção e processamento energético, bem como os produtos que se derivam da biomassa e seu potencial futuro sustentável. Em relação ao percurso metodológico empreendido neste artigo, partimos de pesquisas bibliográficas e eletrônicas, dispondo de dados secundários, já existentes, dispondo de contextos teóricos que possam evidenciar tais levantamentos de forma unificada a estudos elucidam de forma mais clara contextos sobre a biomassa no Brasil. Por fim, esta fonte energética natural e sustentável é o futuro das matrizes energéticas de todo mundo, todos os países que procurarem esta fonte, poderá se beneficiar por completo, vendo suas vantagens em relação a outras fontes de energia não renovável.
FALTA DE OPORTUNIDADE DE TRABALHO
Authors: De Oliveira Machado Thalia , Garcia Ferreira Paulo Alberto , Segnini Rodrigues Lilian
Published: April 2024

O objetivo principal deste artigo é analisar as barreiras enfrentadas pela comunidade LGBTQIAP+ no processo de recrutamento e seleção na cidade de São Carlos (SP). Para isso, utilizamos um questionário online, com perguntas específicas para compreender as dificuldades vivenciadas por pessoas LGBTQIAP+ em processos seletivos. Os resultados obtidos, inesperadamente, não coincidiram totalmente com as expectativas, especialmente em relação ao nível de escolaridade dos entrevistados, possivelmente gerando um viés na amostra em relação ao processo discriminatório. Em contra partida, revelaram um persistente preconceito e dificuldades individuais enfrentadas durante os processos seletivos. Isso levanta a questão de se o fato de não compartilharem essa informação pode ter tido um impacto positivo nos resultados. Assim, este estudo sublinha a complexidade dessas questões e ressalta a necessidade de investigações futuras mais aprofundadas para compreender como a identidade de gênero e a orientação sexual interagem no contexto do recrutamento e seleção.
BENEFÍCIOS E DESAFIOS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE COMPETÊNCIAS E SEUS IMPACTOS DENTRO DAS EMPRESAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS
Authors: Cardoso Bruna Mota , Da Costa Elvio Carlos , Costa Andressa Bregantin Elias
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo teve como objetivo identificar os benefícios do desenvolvimento de competências e seus impactos dentro das empresas contemporâneas, a fim de levantar quais ações são necessárias para obter um melhor desenvolvimento das habilidades, visando a concretização das hard e soft skills exigidas pelo competitivo mercado de trabalho. Ressalta-se sobre a importância dos gestores e colaboradores desenvolverem tais competências, pois são diferenciais durante o processo de recrutamento e seleção. Metodologicamente o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido, com base em um levantamento bibliográfico, por meio de artigos científicos, além de uma pesquisa que foi aplicada através de um questionário, composto por 10 questões fechadas e abertas, sendo que 14 pessoas responderam. Os resultados indicam que a grande maioria dos participantes sabem diferenciar os termos estudados neste artigo e entendem a importância das competências e habilidades dentro e fora das organizações. Portanto, o desenvolvimento de competências proporciona benefícios tanto para as empresas, principalmente no que tange a cultura de aprendizagem organizacional, quanto para os colaboradores que obtém a possibilidade de crescimento profissional e melhores desempenhos produtivos.
ANÁLISE DE TÓPICOS EM REDES SOCIAIS UTILIZANDO PROCESSAMENTO DE LINGUAGEM NATURAL (NLP)
Authors: Lavezzo Guilherme Henrique , Da Conceição Gislaine Cristina
Published: April 2024

Este artigo investiga o papel do Processamento de Linguagem Natural (NLP) na análise de tópicos em redes sociais. Discute os fundamentos do NLP, seus principais desafios e técnicas, além de ilustrar como estas contribuem para a compreensão e processamento da linguagem humana por sistemas de Inteligência Artificial. Através de um estudo qualitativo, coletou-se e processou-se dados do Twitter/X e do Reddit utilizando a API de cada plataforma e técnicas de raspagem de dados. Os dados coletados foram limpos e normalizados, depois analisados usando técnicas de NLP como a lematização, o método bag of words e TF-IDF. O objetivo principal do estudo é desenvolver uma compreensão sólida do NLP e suas técnicas, e aplicá-los em dados relevantes coletados de redes sociais para identificar tendências e tópicos relevantes. Essa investigação destaca a importância do NLP no mundo digital atual, onde a análise de dados em plataformas sociais se tornou crucial para entender tendências e comportamentos. O artigo também enfatiza a relevância das técnicas avançadas de NLP na extração de insights significativos de grandes conjuntos de dados textuais e na superação dos desafios inerentes à linguagem humana.
AVALIAÇÃO PENDONAL DO TRECHO OESTE DO CORREDOR DE ACESSIBILIDADE DO QUADRANTE 2 DA CIDADE DE TAQUARITINGA-SP
Authors: Da Silva Mirian Vitoria , Rodrigues Gilberto Aparecido , Proença Ubajara Cesare Mozart
Published: April 2024

A dificuldade enfrentada por pessoas perclusas na utilização do modo pedonal é preocupante, destacando-se a necessidade de melhorar a infraestrutura pedonal para proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida aos moradores. Considerando a diversidade das pessoas, o planejamento urbano deve ser inclusivo, garantindo a acessibilidade dos percursos pedonais. O objetivo deste estudo é propor uma intervenção na requalificação do espaço público para promover uma mobilidade urbana integrada e inclusiva em Taquaritinga. A metodologia baseou-se uso e na análise de imagens de satélite para diagnosticar a qualidade dos espaços pedonais na cidade de Taquaritinga-SP. Os resultados mostraram que as condições dos espaços pedonais são precárias, principalmente na dotação de rampas de acessibilidade requerem atenção imediata. Investir em infraestruturas pedonais adequadas e inclusivas é fundamental para criar uma cidade mais acolhedora, segura e sustentável.