bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individualized Chemotherapy Benefit Prediction by EndoPredict in Patients With Early Breast Cancer in an Indian Cohort
Authors: Somashekhar S. P. , Zaveri Shabber , Vijay Devanhalli Govinda , Dattatreya Palanki Satya , Kumar Rajeev , Islahi Fatma , Bahl Charu
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE

There are new advancements in the modulation of the treatment of patients with early-stage breast cancer, including the use of several molecular profiling tests to identify or select those patients who require additional adjuvant chemotherapy together with hormonal therapy on the basis of a recurrence score. One such tool is EndoPredict (Myriad Genetics; Salt Lake City, UT), which provides support in clinical decision making. The objective of this analysis was to study the landscape of absolute chemotherapy benefit and the likelihood of recurrence within 5 to 15 years in Indian patients with breast cancer who are undergoing EndoPredict testing.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This study included 308 patients with hormone-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative early breast cancer. Their postsurgical blocks were analyzed using the EndoPredict test. The MEDCALC statistical tool (Panum Education; Seoul, Republic of Korea) was used to estimate the correlation coefficient and to conduct multiple regression analysis.

RESULTS

On the basis of the EndoPredict EPclin Risk Score, 52.12% of patients were classified as being in the low-risk category and could safely forgo adjuvant chemotherapy. For every unit increase in the EPclin Risk Score, the percentage increase in absolute chemotherapy benefit was 6.82%. Similarly, the correlation between the likelihood of recurrence within 5 to 15 years and the EPclin Risk Score suggested that there is a 10.34% increase in recurrence for each unit of EPclin Risk Score.

CONCLUSION

The EPclin Risk Score has good prognostic and predictive power; it also provides the range of chemotherapy benefit for Indian patients.
Exploring Spatial-Temporal Changes in 18F-Sodium Fluoride PET/CT and Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Enzalutamide
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Heath Elisabeth I. , Ferrari Anna , Sperger Jamie M. , Singh Anupama , Perlman Scott B. , Roth Alison R. , Perk Timothy G. , Modelska Katharina , Porcari Anthony , Duggan William , Lang Joshua M. , Jeraj Robert , Liu Glenn
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE

Intrapatient treatment response heterogeneity is under-recognized. Quantitative total bone imaging (QTBI) using 18F-NaF positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans is a tool that allows characterization of interlesional treatment response heterogeneity in bone. Understanding spatial-temporal response is important to identify individuals who may benefit from treatment beyond progression.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Men with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with at least two lesions on bone scintigraphy were enrolled and treated with enzalutamide 160 mg daily (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02384382 ). 18F-NaF PET/CT scans were obtained at baseline (PET1), week 13 (PET2), and at the time of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression, standard radiographic or clinical progression, or at 2 years without progression (PET3). QTBI was used to determine lesion-level response. The primary end point was the proportion of men with at least one responding bone lesion on PET3 using QTBI.

RESULTS

Twenty-three men were enrolled. Duration on treatment ranged from 1.4 to 34.1 months. In general, global standardized uptake value (SUV) metrics decreased while on enzalutamide (PET2) and increased at the time of progression (PET3). The most robust predictor of PSA progression was change in SUVhetero (PET1 to PET3; hazard ratio, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.24 to 12.1). Although overall functional disease burden improved during enzalutamide treatment, an increase in total burden (SUVtotal) was seen at the time of progression, as measured by 18F-NaF PET/CT. All (22/22) evaluable men had at least one responding bone lesion at PET3 using QTBI.

CONCLUSION

We found that the proportion of progressing lesions was low, indicating that a substantial number of lesions appear to continue to benefit from enzalutamide beyond progression. Selective targeting of nonresponding lesions may be a reasonable approach to extend benefit.
Baseline results of a living systematic review for COVID-19 funded research projects
Authors: Norton Alice , Bucher Adrian , Antonio Emilia , Advani Nicole , Grund Henrike , Mburu Sheila , Clegg Emma , Boily-Larouche Genevieve , Lay A. Morgan , Carson Gail , Tufet Bayona Marta
Published: September 2020

Background:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in an unprecedented research response, demonstrating exceptional examples of rapid research and collaboration. There is however a need for greater coordination, with limited resources and the shifting global nature of the pandemic resulting in a proliferation of research projects underpowered and unable to achieve their aims.

Methods:The UK Collaborative on Development Research (UKCDR) and Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R), two funder coordination groups have collaborated to develop a live database of funded research projects across the world relating to COVID-19. Drawing data continually from their members and further global funding bodies, as of 15thJuly 2020 the database contains 1,858 projects, funded by 25 funders, taking place across 102 countries. To our knowledge it is one of the most comprehensive databases, covering a wide breadth of research disciplines. The database is aligned to the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Research Roadmap: 2019 Novel Coronavirus. It is being used by the WHO, governments and multi-lateral policy makers, research funders and researchers.

This living systematic review aims to supplement the database by providing an open accessible and frequently updated resource summarising the characteristics of the COVID-19 funded research portfolio. Both descriptive and thematic analysis will be presented and updated frequently to aid interpretation of the global COVID-19 funded research portfolio.

Results:In this baseline analysis we provide the first detailed descriptive analysis of the database and focus our thematic analysis on research gaps, study populations and research locations (with a focus on resource-limited countries).

Conclusions:This living systematic review will help both funders and researchers to prioritise resources to underfunded areas where there is greatest research need and facilitate further strategic collaboration.
Business Cycles and Distribution of Wages in Colombia: A Semi-Parametric Wage Density Decomposition Approach
Authors: MELO MORENO JIMMY ALEXANDER
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the changes in real hourly wages in Colombia along the recovery phase taking place from March 2009 to March 2014. The starting finding is that the distribution of wages at trough looks like translations to the left of recovery distribution. To shed light on those procyclical translations this paper performs a sequential decomposition on change of wages in 1) cyclical demand and supply factors, 2) changes in the attributes of workers, 3) changes and spillovers effects of minimum wage and 4) a residual. As literature suggests, this paper shows that procyclicality of real wages is associated mainly to shifts in labor demand-supply factors and to updates of skills --usually linked to the secular trend of wage distribution. As a novelty, evidence suggests that there is a positive spillover from monthly Minimum Wage on hourly wages explaining 25% of the divergence between distributions.
DISKURSUS MANAJEMEN KONFLIK BERBASIS ORGANISASI KEMASYARAKATANPERKOTAAN DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Maksum Ali , Azizah Nur
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the results of advocacy on conflict management based on urban community organizations, especially the organization 'Aisyiyah, Wirobrajan Branch, Yogyakarta City. This is important considering that the trend of conflict between religious organizations in Yogyakarta City shows serious concerns. This is because in a survey conducted in 2016, the conflict indexfor the City of Yogyakarta had the highest score, namely 1.4 compared to the other four districts. Thus, this dedication becomes important so that it is expected to reduce the level of conflict within the organization as an effort to self-retraint (restraint) in the Social Constructivism Theory initiated by Alexander Wendt. In this study, the authors conducted a survey which wasdivided into two periods, namely pre-test before mentoring and post-test after mentoring. As a result, an interesting trend emerged, namely an increase inunderstanding of governance before and after the material. The ability to internalize conflict management is influenced by several factors, one of which is urban locations that tend to have open discourses and attitudes in society
PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG LABU KUNING MODIFIKASI HYDROGEN RICH WATER KEPADA MASYARAKAT
Authors: Budiarti Gita Indah , Wulandari Ayu , Mutmaina Siti
Published: September 2020

Pumpkin flour is one alternative wheat substitute flour that has an advantage in terms of nutritional value, other than that the pumpkin fruit in Indonesia is quite abundant so it is potential to be used as food as well as subtituen wheat flour. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of treatment by soaking the pumpkin using hydrogen rich water to the physicochemical characteristics of starch as well as the texture, aroma and taste of processed pumpkin flour cake. The method done is to immersion using hydrogen rich water pH 5 and 9 for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours and then dried using a microwave and mashed with a blender then sifted using screening. Analysis conducted  favorite test. The results showed that in the processed cakes shows the texture, aroma and distinctive flavor of the yellow pumpkin. Pumpkin flour is good to be used as a mixture of wheat flour in the manufacturing of various food processed such as wet cakes and biscuits.
PENCEGAHAN DEMAM BERDARAH PADA MASYARAKAT DUSUN MONGKRONG GUNUNG KIDUL
Authors: Rahmawan Alfian , Ma'ruf Farid
Published: September 2020

DBD is an infectious disease by the Dengue virus, which is transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This disease's characteristics include sudden high fever accompanied by bleeding manifestations and the tendency to cause shock that can cause death. Until now, there is no cure for dengue fever or a vaccine. So the only way to prevent this disease is to break the chain of transmission. The main factor of dengue fever in Indonesia is the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Another way to avoid dengue fever is the correct 3M plus method, namely 1. Close, cover all places that can hold water, both inside and outside the house. 2. Drain, drain water reservoirs such as bathtubs, aquariums, and flower vases two times a week. The mosquito metamorphosis cycle, from egg to adult mosquito, lasts 8-10 days. 3. Bury. Bury all objects that can hold water, such as used cans or plastic containers. However, in the 3M movement, which has been renewed to 3M plus, this third M is no longer recommended because it can cause soil pollution
Seed Germination in Blood Fruit (Haematocarpus validus (Miers.) Bakh. f. ex Forman) as Influenced by Substrate
Authors: Bohra Pooja , Waman Ajit Arun , Devi R. Karthika
Published: September 2020

Blood fruit is a tropical underutilized species, fruits of which have been identified as source of natural colourant. However, forests are the major source of fruits to native people. In order to conserve the natural population of this species and promote cultivation, nursery techniques need to be standardized. In the present investigation, effect of three substrates viz. vermicompost, sand and soil + vermicompost was studied on seed germination characteristics. Results revealed significant differences among the treatments. Use of vermicompost improved seed germination (69%) significantly over the other substrates used. Though most of the studied seedling growth parameters did not differ among the treatments, significantly highest seedling vigour index (5466.9) was recorded when vermicompost was used as substrate. Considering these findings, use of vermicompost is advisable for germination of blood fruit in nursery.
Yield And Economics of Sesame Based Cropping System In North Coastal Zone of Andhra Prades
Authors: Kumar B. Rajendra , Rao S. Govinda , Kondababu P
Published: September 2020

A field experiment was conducted during 2011 rabi and 2012 kharif at Agricultural Research Station, Yellamanchili. In the first year of experimentation rabi 2011-12, sole crop sesamum was sown in bulk as base crop or main crop to study sesame based cropping system with other sequential crops greengram, groundnut, cowpea, ragi, fodder cowpea and sunhemp, sunhemp fodder sown during kharif . Average yield of sesamum sown during rabi was 380 kg/ha. During kharif 2012 all the crops were sown on 12-06-2012, the yields realized by different crops were converted into sesamum equivalent yield. The prevailing sesame- horsegram sequence cropping system is not at all remunerative to the farmers and hence introduction of new crops in the cropping system with, Maize, Ragi, ID crops and with other cropping systems were tried when there is deficit in rain fall for maximum profitability. The initial soil sample analysis revealed a pH of 6.7, Electrical Conductivity dsm-1 of 0.17, Organic Carbon % of 0.51in the experimental site. Available N was 247 kg/ha, P2O5 29 and available K2O was 262 kg/ha. The results revealed that the cost of cultivation, gross income, net income and the BC ratio was highest for T7 (Sesame-maize). The same is the case with rabi season also, where in the net income and the benefit cost ratio was Rs.50329 and 4.35, respectively. In the cropping sequence, highest BC ratio was recorded with T7- Sesame- maize - sunhemp (Green manure) 3.91 with sesamum and maize crop only, Green manure crop (Sunhemp) is an added advantage crop to improve soil fertility. The other highest recorded B C ratio was with Sesamum-ragi and Sesamum- cowpea based cropping system with 2.92 and 2.83.
A higher degree of polyethylene irradiation is associated with a reduced risk of revision for aseptic loosening in total hip arthroplasties using cemented acetabular components
Authors: Davis Edward T. , Pagkalos Joseph , Kopjar Branko
Published: September 2020

Aims

To investigate the effect of polyethylene manufacturing characteristics and irradiation dose on the survival of cemented and reverse hybrid total hip arthroplasties (THAs).

Methods

In this registry study, data from the National Joint Registry of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man (NJR) were linked with manufacturing data supplied by manufacturers. The primary endpoint was revision of any component. Cox proportional hazard regression was a primary analytic approach adjusting for competing risk of death, patient characteristics, head composition, and stem fixation.

Results

A total of 290,770 primary THAs were successfully linked with manufacturing characteristics. Overall 4,708 revisions were analyzed, 1,260 of which were due to aseptic loosening. Total radiation dose was identified as a risk factor and included in the Cox model. For statistical modelling of aseptic loosening, THAs were grouped into three categories: G1 (no radiation); G2 ( > 0 to < 5 Mrad); and G3 ( ≥ 5 Mrad). G1 had the worst survivorship. The Cox regression hazard ratio for revision due to aseptic loosening for G2 was 0.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58 to 0.83), and for G3 0.4 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.53). Male sex and uncemented stem fixation were associated with higher risk of revision and ceramic heads with lower risk.

Conclusion

Polyethylene irradiation was associated with reduced risk of revision for aseptic loosening. Radiation doses of ≥ 5 Mrad were associated with a further reduction in risk. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(9):563–571.
3D finger vein biometric authentication with photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Zhan Ye , Singh Rathore Aditya , Milione Giovanni , Wang Yuehang , Zheng Wenhan , Xu Wenyao , Xia Jun
Published: September 2020

Biometric authentication is the recognition of human identity via unique anatomical features. The development of novel methods parallels widespread application by consumer devices, law enforcement, and access control. In particular, methods based on finger veins, as compared to face and fingerprints, obviate privacy concerns and degradation due to wear, age, and obscuration. However, they are two-dimensional (2D) and are fundamentally limited by conventional imaging and tissue-light scattering. In this work, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate a method of three-dimensional (3D) finger vein biometric authentication based on photoacoustic tomography. Using a compact photoacoustic tomography setup and a novel recognition algorithm, the advantages of 3D are demonstrated via biometric authentication of index finger vessels with false acceptance, false rejection, and equal error rates<1.23%,<9.27%, and<0.13%, respectively, when comparing one finger, a false acceptancerateimprovement>10×when comparing multiple fingers, and<0.7%when rotating fingers±30.
Au nanostar nanoparticle as a bio-imaging agent and its detection and visualization in biosystems
Authors: Perevedentseva E. , Ali N. , Lin Y.-C. , Karmenyan A. , Chang C.-C. , Bibikova O. , Skovorodkin I. , Prunskaite-Hyyryläinen R. , Vainio S. J. , Kinnunen M. , Cheng C.-L.
Published: September 2020

In the present work, we report the imaging of Au nanostars nanoparticles (AuNSt) and their multifunctional applications in biomedical research and theranostics applications. Their optical and spectroscopic properties are considered for the multimodal imaging purpose. The AuNSt are prepared by the seed-meditated method and characterized for use as an agent for bio-imaging. To demonstrate imaging with AuNSt, penetration and localization in different biological models such as cancer cell culture (A549 lung carcinoma cell), 3D tissue model (multicellular tumor spheroid on the base of human oral squamous carcinoma cell, SAS) and murine skin tissue are studied. AuNSt were visualized using fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) at two-photon excitation with a pulse duration 140 fs, repetition rate 80 MHz and 780 nm wavelength femtosecond laser. Strong emission of AuNSt at two-photon excitation in the near infrared range and fluorescence lifetime less than 0.5 ns were observed. It allows using AuNSt as a fluorescent marker at two-photon fluorescence microscopy and lifetime imaging (FLIM). It was shown that AuNSt can be observed inside a thick sample (tissue and its model). This is the first demonstration using AuNSt as an imaging agent for FLIM at two-photon excitation in biosystems. Increased scattering of near-infrared light upon excitation of AuNSt surface plasmon oscillation was also observed and rendered using a possible contrast agent for optical coherence tomography (OCT). AuNSt detection in a biological system using FLIM is compared with OCT on the model of AuNSt penetrating into animal skin. The AuNSt application for multimodal imaging is discussed.
High étendue Fourier transform spectroscopy by quadratic off-axis path difference error cancellation
Authors: Routley Selene Amy , Flynn Jamie , Martin Antony , Palmer William
Published: September 2020

Instrumentation design for Fourier transform spectroscopy has until now been hindered by a seemingly fundamental tradeoff between the étendue of the analyzed light source on one hand and the spectral resolution on the other. For example, if a freespace scanning Michelson interferometer is to achieve a spectral resolution of

4

c
m

−

1

, it can have a maximum angular field of view of roughly 1° for wavelengths in the neighborhood of

λ
=
800

n
m

, where the general tradeoff for this instrument is that the quotient

θ
m
2

/

Δ
k

of the square of the angular field of view

θ
m

and the minimum resolvable wavenumber difference

Δ
k

is a constant. This paper demonstrates a method to increase the angular field of view allowable for a given resolution by a full order of magnitude, and thus to increase the étendue and, with it, the potential power gathered from an extended source and potential measurement signal-to-noise ratio, by two orders of magnitude relative to the performance of a freespace Michelson interferometer. Generalizing this example, we argue that there may be no fundamental thermodynamic grounds for the tradeoff and that a scanning Fourier transform spectrometer can accept an arbitrarily high étendue field and still, in theory, achieve an arbitrarily narrow spectral resolution.
Modified optical response of biased semiconductor nanowires within a nonlocal hydrodynamic framework
Authors: Dong Tianyu , Gao Xiaoke , Yin Ke , Xu Chun , Ma Xikui
Published: September 2020

Semiconductors and their oxides, when properly doped, are potential promising plasmonic material alternatives due to their special properties such as low loss and tunability. The hydrodynamic theory has been applied to describe the nonlocal response of pint-sized nanostructures even when several different kinds of charge carriers are considered, but when an external static magnetic field is presented the interplay between the gyrotropy and nonlocality needs to be considered, which is important and critical for semiconductors. We derive an analytical approach to calculate the optical properties of a plasmonic semiconductor nanowire in an external dc magnetic field within the multi-fluid hydrodynamic framework. The extended nonlocal Mie theory to magnetized multi-fluid plasmas predicts the existence of multiple acoustic and optical longitudinal modes within the multi-fluid hydrodynamic theory and the resonance splitting due to the applied bias magnetic field. We further focus on the nonlocal magneto-plasmonic response of nanowires that consist of thermally excited InSb, and predict the modified Zeeman splitting of the plasmonic extinction resonances due to the interplay between nonlocality and gyrotropy.
Uncertainty principle for axial power content of highly focused fields
Authors: Martínez-Herrero R. , Carnicer A. , Juvells I. , Sanz A. S.
Published: September 2020

In the analysis of the on-axis intensity for a highly focused optical field, it is highly desirable to deal with effective relations aimed at characterizing the field behavior in a rather simple fashion. Here, a novel and adequate measure for the size of the region where the axial power content mainly concentrates is proposed on the basis of an uncertainty principle. Accordingly, a meaningful relationship is provided for both the spread of the incident beam at the entrance of the highly focused optical system and the size of the region where the on-axis power mainly concentrates.
Deep learning based digital backpropagation demonstrating SNR gain at low complexity in a 1200 km transmission link
Authors: Bitachon Bertold Ian , Ghazisaeidi Amirhossein , Eppenberger Marco , Baeuerle Benedikt , Ayata Masafumi , Leuthold Juerg
Published: September 2020

A deep learning (DL) based digital backpropagation (DBP) method with a 1 dB SNR gain over a conventional 1 step per span DBP is demonstrated in a 32 GBd 16QAM transmission across 1200 km. The new DL-DPB is shown to require 6 times less computational power over the conventional DBP scheme. The achievement is possible due to a novel training method in which the DL-DBP is blind to timing error, state of polarization rotation, frequency offset and phase offset. An analysis of the underlying mechanism is given. The applied method first undoes the dispersion, compensates for nonlinear effects in a distributed fashion and reduces the out of band nonlinear modulation due to compensation of the nonlinearities by having a low pass characteristic. We also show that it is sufficient to update the elements of the DL network using a signal with high nonlinearity when dispersion or nonlinearity conditions changes. Lastly, simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme is suitable to deal with impairments from transmission over longer distances.
Vanadium dioxide-assisted broadband absorption and linear-to-circular polarization conversion based on a single metasurface design for the terahertz wave
Authors: Yan Dexian , Meng Miao , Li Jiusheng , Li Jining , Li Xiangjun
Published: September 2020

Integrating tunable characteristics and multiple functions into a single metasurface has become a new scientific and technological undertaking that needs to deal with huge challenges, especially in the terahertz frequency region. The multifunctional design combining the broadband absorption and broadband polarization conversion using a single switchable metasurface is proposed in this paper. The switchable performance can be realized by treating the insulation to metal phase transition properties of vanadium dioxide (VO2). At high temperature (74 °C), the proposed metasurface can be used as a broadband absorber which consists of a VO2 square ring, polyimide (PI) spacer, and VO2 film. Simulated results show that the terahertz wave absorption can reach above 90% with the bandwidth ratio of 75% in the frequency range of 0.74 THz-1.62 THz. This absorber is insensitive to polarization resulted from the symmetry structure and also shows a good performance at large incident angles. Once the temperature is lower than the cooling phase transition temperature (about 62 °C) and VO2 is in insulation state, the metasurface can be transformed into a broadband linear-to-circular polarization converter. Numerical simulation depicts that the ellipticity reaches to -1 and the axis ratio is lower than 3 dB from 1.47 THz to 2.27 THz. The designed switchable metasurface provides the potential to be used in the fields of advanced research and intelligent applications in the terahertz frequency region.
Multi-element microscope optimization by a learned sensing network with composite physical layers
Authors: Kim Kanghyun , Konda Pavan Chandra , Cooke Colin L. , Appel Ron , Horstmeyer Roarke
Published: September 2020

Standard microscopes offer a variety of settings to help improve the visibility of different specimens to the end microscope user. Increasingly, however, digital microscopes are used to capture images for automated interpretation by computer algorithms (e.g., for feature classification, detection, or segmentation), often without any human involvement. In this work, we investigate an approach to jointly optimize multiple microscope settings, together with a classification network, for improved performance with such automated tasks. We explore the interplay between optimization of programmable illumination and pupil transmission, using experimentally imaged blood smears for automated malaria parasite detection, to show that multi-element “learned sensing” outperforms its single-element counterpart. While not necessarily ideal for human interpretation, the network’s resulting low-resolution microscope images (20X-comparable) offer a machine learning network sufficient contrast to match the classification performance of corresponding high-resolution imagery (100X-comparable), pointing a path toward accurate automation over large fields-of-view.
Generation of a high-resolution 3D-printed freeform collimator for VCSEL-based 3D-depth sensing
Authors: Chen Bo , Claus Daniel , Russ Detlef , Nizami Moaaz Rauf
Published: September 2020

This Letter discusses the generation of 3D-printed micro-optics to
obtain the desired beam profile from a multimode vertical-cavity
surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with a significantly reduced divergence
angle via the usage of high-resolution two-photon polymerization. Due
to the low cost and compact packaging, the VCSEL array is a novel
light source for structured-light projection. Particularly for
long-distance 3D sensing applications, a greatly reduced divergence
angle ensures that a good signal with a sufficiently large number of
photons can be recorded, and the projected illumination spots do not
overlap. Therefore, exact laser beam characterization and appropriate
physical modeling are required in accurate production of an optimal
collimator lens. Furthermore, elliptical beam profiles with different
orientations can solve the correspondence problem and improve the
post-processing speed and robustness in structured light. To generate
this special type of beam profile and verify the optical design
process, this Letter describes thoroughly the optical prototyping
process starting from the beam characterization, the optical design to
the production of the two-photon polymerized optics, and its
validation. The test of the beam profile and divergence confirm a good
match of the produced optics with the physical optical simulation in
Zemax. The collimator transforms the input laser beam divergence angle
of 324 mrad to an output angle of 20 mrad only.
Trains of attosecond pulses structured with time-ordered polarization states
Authors: Rego Laura , San Román Julio , Plaja Luis , Hernández-García Carlos
Published: September 2020

Ultrafast laser pulses generated at the attosecond timescale represent a unique tool to explore the fastest dynamics in matter. An accurate control of their properties, such as polarization, is fundamental to shape three-dimensional laser-driven dynamics. We introduce a technique to generate attosecond pulse trains whose polarization state varies from pulse to pulse. This is accomplished by driving high-harmonic generation with two time-delayed bichromatic counter-rotating fields with proper orbital angular momentum (OAM) content. Our simulations show that the evolution of the polarization state along the train can be controlled via OAM, pulse duration, and time delay of the driving fields. We, thus, introduce an additional control into structured attosecond pulses that provides an alternative route to explore ultrafast dynamics with potential applications in chiral and magnetic materials.
Lateral photovoltaic mid-infrared detector with a two-dimensional electron gas at the heterojunction interface
Authors: Zhu Jiaqi , Xu Hanlun , Wang Zhenglai , Chen Yansong , Ma Songsong , Ali Nasir , Zhu Haiming , Rahimi-Iman Arash , Wu Huizhen
Published: September 2020

Mid-infrared (MIR) detection systems are pursuing element detectors with a high operating temperature, fast response speed, and high sensitivity to satisfy the increasing performance requirements that conventional detectors are unlikely to achieve. In this paper, we report a lateral photovoltaic MIR detector (LPVMIRD) based on a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the polar zincblende/rocksalt interface of CdTe/PbTe (111) heterojunctions (HJs). The LPVMIRDs possess identical asymmetric structures and operate without external biased voltage. Following the working principle of the LPVMIRDs, an analytical model is established where device performances are predicted theoretically. The proposed model is also applicable to other HJ systems based on a 2DEG. Furthermore, the LPVMIRDs are developed experimentally, and through infrared photoresponse characterizations, their response is revealed to originate from the intrinsic transition of PbTe caused by the unique energy-band alignment of the HJs. At a wavelength of 3 µm, the highest detectivity of the fabricated LPVMIRDs reaches

1.5

×

10

10

Jones. Moreover, the infrared impulse responses demonstrate an extremely fast response speed. The impressive performance characteristics of the LPVMIRDs are promising for applications in uncooled MIR detection.
Far-field transient absorption nanoscopy with sub-50  nm optical super-resolution
Authors: Bi Yali , Yang Chi , Tong Lei , Li Haozheng , Yu Boyu , Yan Shuai , Yang Guang , Deng Meng , Wang Yi , Bao Wei , Ye Lei , Wang Ping
Published: September 2020

Nanoscopic imaging or characterizing is the mainstay of the development of advanced materials. Despite great progress in electronic and atomic force microscopies, label-free and far-field characterization of materials with deep sub-wavelength spatial resolution has long been highly desired. Herein, we demonstrate far-field super-resolution transient absorption (TA) imaging of two-dimensional material with a spatial resolution of sub-50 nm. By introducing a donut-shaped blue saturation laser, we effectively suppress the TA transition driven by near-infrared (NIR) pump–probe photons, and push the NIR-TA microscopy to sub-diffraction-limited resolution. Specifically, we demonstrate that our method can image the individual nano-grains in graphene with lateral resolution down to 36 nm. Further, we perform super-resolution TA imaging of nano-wrinkles in monolayer graphene, and the measured results are very consistent with the characterization by an atomic force microscope. This direct far-field optical nanoscopy holds great promise to achieve sub-20 nm spatial resolution and a few tens of femtoseconds temporal resolution upon further improvement and represents a paradigm shift in a broad range of hard and soft nanomaterial characterization.
Improving endangered antelope habitat through water quality assessment and collaboration with Kenya Wildlife Service
Authors: Jovanelly Tamie Joy
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim: A population of endangered sitatunga antelope (Tragelaphus spekii) lives in a free-range environment at Impala Sanctuary in Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Wildlife Service park officials suspected that increased demands on outdated sewage infrastructure caused animal drinking water sources to become contaminated which resulted in animal sickness and death. In this study, we complete a water quality assessment on open water sources within the park boundaries to determine if water was suitable for animal consumption. Materials and Methods: For the assessment of water, we measure eight physical and chemical parameters (pH, temperature, fecal coliform, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrates, total phosphates, and turbidity). These eight parameters were chosen because they are used to establish a water quality index (WQI) percentage which proved to be useful to communicate conditions to park rangers, stakeholders, and adjacent landowners. Results: Through 6 months of assessments, data collection, and analysis, we determined that most open water sources are severely contaminated, ranking on the WQI from 46% to 58% (bad to medium). In addition, we compared our data to drinking water standards set by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for livestock to find that only two sites met the minimum criteria. The remaining four sites were exponentially contaminated with levels reaching 10× recommended values for animal health. Conclusion: Following these findings, the park was able to attract money for sewage infrastructure rebuilds that resolved the contamination problems. Sickness and death of free-roaming animals, including the antelope, were reduced.
A lemorzsolódás egyéni és kontextuális tényezői
Authors: Paksi Borbála , Széll Krisztián , Magyar Éva , Fehérvári Anikó
Published: September 2020

Tanulmányunk az iskolai lemorzsolódás összetett, több szintű elemzését kísérli meg egy 2018/2019-es tanévben végzett empirikus (önkitöltős kérdőíves) kutatás alapján. A hozzáférési alapú mintát 88 általános iskola (feladatellátási hely) pedagógusai (1136 fő) és hetedik osztályos tanulói (1953 fő) alkotják. Az elemzési keretet a nemzetközi irodalom szisztematikus vizsgálatai adták, mely a lemorzsolódás okait egyéni, családi és iskolai szintű tényezőkre bontják. A korábbi hazai kutatási eredmények is megerősítik ezt a tipizálást, ugyanakkor a hazai elemzésekből még hiányzik a jelenség komplex vizsgálata, illetve többféle (szociológiai, pedagógiai, pszichológiai) nézőpont alkalmazása. Írásunk erre tesz kísérletet. Az eredmények megerősítik a nemzetközi kutatási tapasztalatokat, kiemelhetjük azonban a családi háttér erőteljes dominanciáját, mint alapvető magyar sajátosságot.
Comparison of the inverse modeling approach and traditional methods to estimate the unsaturated hydraulic properties in a sandy loam soil
Authors: Scherger Leonardo Ezequiel , Zanello Victoria , Lexow Claudio
Published: September 2020

The aim of this work is to compare the use of the inverse solution approach in the estimation of soil hydraulic properties with traditional tension disk infiltrometer (TDI) data analysis, field retention data and commonly used pedotransfer functions (PTFs). Field data were collected in an experimental plot located at Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Field infiltration under saturated conditions was measured by the inverse auger hole method and infiltration under unsaturated conditions were carried out with TDI. Field retention data (θ(h)) were also collected periodically. The HYDRUS 2D/3D software was used to optimize soil hydraulic parameters by inverse solution according to TDI data. The saturated hydraulic conductivity measured by inverse auger hole method (5.53 cm.h-1) and calculated by Wooding analytical approach (5.35 cm.h-1) and inverse numerical simulations (5.36 cm.h-1) showed very close values. According to macroporosity estimates infiltrated water is mainly conducted through soils micro and mesopores.  Macropores only channeled 15.9% of total infiltrated flow.  Soil water retention curves (SWRC) predicted by PTFs did not represented correctly field retention data. The best adjustment between water content at specific pressure heads predicted by SWRCs and field measured water content was reached by the TDI inverse solution approach (RMSE: 0.050 cm3.cm-3). The inverse solution approach probed to be a simple and practical method to obtain an accurate estimate of both, SWRC and hydraulic conductivity curve.
Human encounters: The core of everyday care practice
Authors: Monteux Sebastian , Monteux Angelika
Published: September 2020

Although there is increasing recognition within health and social care policy that relationships are central within ‘people work’, little attention is given to exploring the nature and purpose of these within everyday care practice. Social pedagogues appreciate that human relationships, in all their complexity, are intrinsically valuable and, therefore, central to everyday care practice. This article explores human encounters as the foundation of relational practice, and we discuss how the space for true encounter incorporates spiritual care and a movement from dependence to interdependence. It proposes that everyday care practice is best understood as a series of human encounters that requires courage to embrace the complexity and uncertainty of encountering the essential humanity of those we care for. In order to do so, practitioners need to develop moral integrity, enabling them to navigate situations of care without fixed recipes. Drawing on perspectives from care ethics and the Nordic care tradition, this article contextualises the discussion within the authors’ extensive care practice experience and, in focusing on human encounters as the basis of relational care, presents implications for practitioners in diverse everyday care contexts.
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) Photocatalyst using Pulse Laser Ablation Method for Antibacterial in Water Polluted
Authors: Saadah Fatkhiyatus , Miskiyah Rizka Zakiyatul , Khumaeni Ali
Published: September 2020

Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles by pulse laser ablation method has been successed carried out. Synthesis was carried out in aquades medium with a repetition rate variation of 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 15 Hz pulse laser yielding brown colloids. The higher laser repetition rate, the colloidal color will be more dark brown. Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles includes UV-Vis, SEM-EDX, FTIR and XRD. The image of SEM shows that zinc oxide nanoparticles have a round shape. Measurement of particle distribution with imageJ software from SEM images showed that ZnO nanoparticles were 23.63 nm, 12.13 nm and 5.59 nm for 5 Hz, 10 Hz and 15 Hz shots. The EDX spectrum analysis results show that only Zn and O atoms in the ZnO nanoparticles colloid are synthesized. FTIR results showed that sprocket ZnO was formed at wave number 457 cm-1 and 545 cm-1. The XRD analysis results also show some peaks known as the ZnO phase. This indicates that ZnO nanoparticles have been formed. The testing of the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles using a liquid dilution method with nanoparticle concentrations of 40 ppm, 60 ppm and 80 ppm. The test results showed the percentage of degradation of Escherichia coli bacteria at concentrations of 40 ppm, 60 ppm and 80 ppm respectively at 89.60%, 97.76% and 98, 70%.
STEPS to Care: Translating an Evidence-Informed HIV Care Coordination Program Into a Field-Tested Online Practice Improvement Toolkit
Authors: O'Donnell Lydia , Irvine Mary K. , Wilkes Aisha L. , Rwan Julie , Myint-U Athi , Leow Deborah McLean , Whittier David , Harriman Graham , Bessler Patricia , Higa Darrel , Courtenay-Quirk Cari
Published: September 2020

Increasing care engagement is essential to meet HIV prevention goals and achieve viral suppression. It is difficult, however, for agencies to establish the systems and practice improvements required to ensure coordinated care, especially for clients with complex health needs. We describe the theory-driven, field-informed transfer process used to translate key components of the evidence-informed Ryan White Part A New York City Care Coordination Program into an online practice improvement toolkit, STEPS to Care (StC), with the potential to support broader dissemination. Informed by analyses of qualitative and quantitative data collected from eight agencies, we describe our four phases: (1) review of StC strategies and key elements, (2) translation into a three-part toolkit: Care Team Coordination, Patient Navigation, and HIV Self-Management, (3) pilot testing, and (4) toolkit refinement for national dissemination. Lessons learned can guide the translation of evidence-informed strategies to online environments, a needed step to achieve wide-scale implemention.
Factors Associated With HIV Testing Among Atlanta's Homeless Youth
Authors: Myles Ranell L. , Best Janae , Bautista Greg , Wright Eric R. , LaBoy Ana , Demissie Zewditu , Dean Hazel D.
Published: September 2020

Homeless youth experience increased risk of contracting HIV, making HIV testing imperative in this population. We analyzed factors associated with HIV testing among homeless youth in Atlanta, Georgia using data from the 2015 Atlanta Youth Count and Needs Assessment. The analysis included 693 homeless youth aged 14–25 years, of whom 88.4% reported ever being tested for HIV, and 74.6% reported being tested within the previous year. Prevalence of ever testing for HIV was significantly higher among youth who reported risk factors for HIV (sexually active, transactional sex, or ever having an STI). Higher prevalence of testing within the last year was significantly associated with experiencing physical abuse or transactional sex. However, reporting ≥ 4 sexual partners or not using condoms were not associated with higher testing. Although testing prevalence among homeless youth was high, homeless youth engaging in certain high risk behaviors could benefit from further promotion of HIV testing.
Head vs. Heart: Which Path do you Take? Self-Location Shapes Language Use, Indicating Rational and Experiential Thinking Styles
Authors: Seih Yi-Tai , Lepicovsky Marketa
Published: September 2020

Self-location is a novel construct that identifies a bodily organ (head vs. heart) to represent self-concept. However, how self-location influences verbal performance is not well understood. This research investigates language use associated with self-location, an individual difference construct based on two different metaphoric concepts (use your head vs. follow your heart). Study 1 established the associations between self-location and verbal performance assessed by language variables in two writing tasks. Findings showed that self-location was related to specific language variables (nouns vs. verbs). In Study 2a, self-location was presented as a manipulation of the head-heart metaphor to predict language variables in a decision-making story recalled by participants. In Study 2b, a manipulation check was added, and the Heinz dilemma was used as a writing topic to control responses in different conditions. Studies 2a and 2b demonstrate that the metaphor could facilitate use of specific language variables. Implications of manipulating self-location are discussed.
Practical Analysis of Mental Health Assistance in Elementary and Middle Schools under COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of City A in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Quan Lixin
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 outbreak has severely affected the mental health of elementary and middle school students in China, and has had a negative impact. How to help elementary and middle school students overcome the negative psychological impact caused by pandemic has become a common concern. During the COVID-19 pandemic period, City A of Jiangsu Province actively carried out mental health assistance for elementary and middle school students, by opening a psychological hotline, publishing mental health micro-classes through the platform, and posting mental health tweets through the WeChat public account and the Ailing (Love-listening) mini program. Ways of assistance. This greatly helped the students overcome the negative psychological effects. This article reviews and analyzes the psychological assistance measures taken by City A in Jiangsu Province during the COVID-19 pandemic period, in order to provide a reference for researchers.
Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of the desensitizing and remineralizing agent in the reduction of dentin hypersensitivity after orthodontic debonding - a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Vatturu Sasipriya , Ganugapanta Vivek Reddy , Ravi Teja Naga , Singaraju Gowri Sankar , Mandava Prasad , JS Yamini Priyanka
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Enamel loss is a common problem during various orthodontic procedures. The study aims to compare the efficacy of a desensitizer and remineraliszer in the reduction of the dentin hypersensitivity ( DH) associated with enamel microcracks after orthodontic debonding.
Methods. A unicentric two arm parallel study with 30 subjects randomly assigned to each groups following debonding. Group-1 subjects were treated with Gluma® desensitizer(5% glutaraldehyde and 35% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)) and the Group-2 intervention included a remineralizing agent GC Tooth Mousse Plus® ( casein phospho peptide and amorphous calcium Fluro phosphate ( (CPP:ACFP). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was utilized to evaluated DHas subjective perception of pain following the Air blast test and cold test. The VAS scale was indexed from 0-10 markings based on the intensity of perception. Five different time points T0 and T1-immediately after debonding and intervention on day 1, T2- 48 hours, and T3 after 72 hours were taken for the assessment of VAS scores.
Results. The VAS scores for the airblast test for group 1 were (2.73,0, 0.06, 0.03) and group 2 (2.46,0,0.16.0.13) at different periods. The sensitivity scores for the cold blast test for group 1 were (2.73,0, 0.13, 0.03) and for group 2 (2.46,0, 0.16, 0.13). There  was 98 percent reduction in DH between T0 and T3 and  was statistically significant( p<0.05) for both the groups.
Conclusion. Gluma® desensitizer and GC Tooth Mousse Plus® are equally effective in the reduction of DH in the orthodontic patient following debonding.