bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ORGANIC COMPOST AND VERMICOMPOST
Authors: Raj Soniya S , B Arathi Sasidharan , K Asiya , Kumar Lekshmi S , Deepthy Mol M J Dr.
Published: June 2024

This comparative study analyzes the differences between organic and vermicompost fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are derived from natural sources such as animal manure and plant remains, while vermicompost is produced through the activity of earthworms on organic matter. The study examines the physical characteristics, and effects on plant growth of both types of compost. It also evaluates the potential benefits of compost. The results suggest that vermicompost has higher levels of nutrients and beneficial microorganisms, and can improve soil structure and water-holding capacity. However, organic compost may be more widely available and affordable. The study highlights the importance of considering the specific needs of crops and soil conditions when selecting a compost type. Organic composting is the process of decomposing organic waste materials into nutrient-rich soil amendments through natural means. It examined the benefits and challenges of organic composting and its role in sustainable agriculture whereas, vermicomposting is a type of composting that utilizes earthworms to decomposing the organic waste material into nutrient-rich soil amendments. This inspects the benefits and challenges of composting and its role in sustainable waste management. The findings suggest that vermicomposting can be a sustainable and effective strategy for managing organic waste and improving soil health when implemented correctly. This study overlooks at the effects of compost on plant growth (Amarathus, chilly, Ladies finger) and the possible advantage of using compost as a soil amendment. We were analysed two types of composting process organic compost and vermicomposting. In both techniques we use four parameters such as ring, bin, pit and heap methods. In this, more yield was obtained from ring method and less yield was obtained from heap method. But comparing vermicompost and organic compost, more yield was obtained from vermicompost. To find out whether vermicompost or organic compost is more effective in agricultural crops, the above mentioned composts were used as fertilizers in agricultural crops. From this we understood that agricultural crops grown in vermicompost were much more healthier.
VITEX NEGUNDO L. VAR. INCISA (LAM.) C.B. CLARKE (LAMIACEAE): AN OVERLOOKED SPECIES FROM KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: Yadawade Mallikarjun S.
Published: June 2024

The present species rank is reduced to synonymy under Vitex negundo L. after critical examination, the author is presenting as a distinct variety of V. negundo L. and the present collection found new distribution record for the state. The colour photographs and description is being provided for clarification.
BEHAVIOURAL STUDY OF MACACA NEMESTRINA, A WILD MONKEY SPECIES OF TRIPURA
Authors: Acharjee Samik , Roy Abhijit , Das Dipak
Published: June 2024

Tripura, a small hill locked state of north-eastern part of India lies under the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot region, where large number of monkey species present belonging to class Mammalia. Among several monkey species Macaca nemestrina which is commonly known as pig-tailed macaque exists in a small number within the forests of Tripura. The pig-tailed macaque lives in groups, where various numbers of male and female individuals remains. A social interaction exists among the family members of the groups. The activity pattern during this study showed a kind of communal interaction remains among the family members within the whole family of pig-tailed macaque monkey, but the foraging and feeding activity showed discrete nature of behaviour within the same group.The analysis of various activity time recorded presented the maximum devotion of this species towards resting (49.87%) followed by movement (26.55%). Other indirect social behaviour observed like allo-grooming, auto-grooming, playing and fighting comprises7.90%, 8.04%, 4.00% and 3.58% respectively. During sunny day’s macaque’s activity like resting time is high compared to others activity. The preferable enlisted food choices in natural habitat give an idea of their feeding habit. Such behavioral studies on pig-tailed macaque may be helpful for creating conservation strategies, as destruction of their natural habitat and food sources are increasing day by day.These findings are key indicators for taking conservation strategies of the concern species.
FEEDING DURING STRESS AND THE INTERACTION BETWEEN NUTRITION AND IMMUNITY
Authors: Lokendra Dr. , Doot Manisha , Sneh D. Patel Dr. , Bharat A. Pata Dr.
Published: June 2024

Stress, a multifaceted challenge in the realm of animal husbandry, significantly impacts cattle health, behavior, and productivity. This abstract encapsulates the intricate relationship between stress and cattle, encompassing various forms of stressors and their effects. Cattle experience distinct types of stress: psychological stress arising from fear and unfamiliarity, physiologic stress resulting from endocrine disruptions, and physical stress stemming from external challenges like injuries, thermal extremes, and disease. These stressors have far-reaching consequences on animal well-being. The abstract highlights the significance of managing psychological stress through sensitive handling, gradual acclimatization, and novel practices to minimize distress during events such as commingling. Addressing physiologic stress underscores the importance of tailored nutrition to stabilize endocrine functions and support overall health. The realm of physical stress necessitates prompt intervention, strategic shelter provision, and careful resource management to mitigate adversities such as injuries, hunger, thirst, fatigue, and disease. Notably, thermal stress, a formidable adversary, poses unique challenges due to climatic conditions. Innovative strategies like cooling mechanisms, shading, and timed feeding become vital in reducing the economic impact of climatic stressors. Ultimately, the abstract emphasizes the collective effort required to navigate the complex landscape of stress in cattle. By understanding stressors and their implications, the cattle industry can evolve with improved management practices, nutritional interventions, and innovative solutions that prioritize animal comfort, health, and performance.
LACTOBACILLUS AS A RESERVOIR OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES
Authors: Sumanshu Mr. , Kumar Sudesh , Rani Ritu , Vaid Rajesh Kumar
Published: June 2024

Fermented dairy products have been used since ancient times for their nutritional and probiotic properties, earning them a central place in diets around the world. However, the uncontrolled use of antimicrobial drugs in veterinary medicine and the food industry has introduced a paradox in their beneficial role. These products, while known for their positive impacts, also have the potential to harbor antibiotic-resistant (AbR) genes and bacteria. An in-depth analysis of the effects of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes in fermented foods reveals potential serious consequences for human health, the food industry, and animal health alike. The presence of antimicrobial residues in dairy products exerts negative pressure on their microbial flora, potentially resulting in the amplification of antimicrobial resistance genes. This chapter delves into the abundance of data regarding antibiotic resistance in fermented dairy products, with a particular emphasis on antibiotic resistance in Lactobacillus species. Additionally, it sheds light on the potential transferability of antibiotic resistance genes to both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains in the human gut. The comprehensive discussion provided here addresses the presence of various antimicrobial resistance genes within Lactobacillus and the potential for their transfer to various bacterial strains.
CARDIAC BIOENGINEERING: ADVANCEMENTS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Saikia Susmita , Ali Dr. Asghar , Noorani Dr. Md. Salik
Published: June 2024

The emerging field of cardiac bioengineering aims to combine the principles of biology and engineering to understand, repair, and regenerate the heart. This chapter explores the latest advancements in cardiac bioengineering, including tissue engineering, biomaterials, and 3D bioprinting. Additionally, it excavates the challenges and opportunities in describing these advancements into clinical applications for treating cardiovascular diseases. The chapter aimed to explore various aspects of cardiac tissue engineering and different techniques of 3D and 4D bioprinting. This chapter also emphasizes the important developments in cardiac bioengineering that are bringing about a revolution in the way that heart diseases are treated.
ADVANCEMENTS IN CARDIAC BIOENGINEERING: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN MEDICINE AND ENGINEERING
Authors: Ali Dr. Asghar , Zahra Andaleeb , Yadav Pawan , Kamthan Dr. Mohan
Published: June 2024

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating the development of innovative approaches to address the limitations of traditional therapies. Cardiac bioengineering, a rapidly evolving field, has emerged as a promising avenue for bridging the gap between medicine and engineering, offering novel solutions for cardiac regeneration, tissue engineering, and personalized medicine. This chapter provides an overview of recent advancements in cardiac bioengineering, highlighting its role in revolutionizing the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. It explores the interdisciplinary nature of this field, bringing together principles from engineering, biology, and medicine to create effective and tailored solutions for heart repair and regeneration. Key areas covered include the understanding of the complex physiology and biomechanics of the human heart, the development of biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering, and the integration of fabrication techniques such as 3D printing and bioprinting. The chapter also delves into the use of electroactive materials to enhance electrical signaling and contractility in engineered cardiac constructs and the application of drug delivery systems for targeted therapy. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the role of stem cells in cardiac regeneration and their potential for tissue repair. It explores the challenges associated with translational applications, emphasizing the need to bridge the gap between bench research and clinical implementation. By highlighting these advancements, this chapter aims to inspire researchers, engineers, and clinicians to collaborate and push the boundaries of cardiac bioengineering, ultimately bringing forth innovative treatments and improving patient outcomes in the realm of cardiovascular medicine.
BIOFUELS: A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOLUTION FOR THE FUTURE
Authors: Singh Shweta , Ali Dr. Asghar
Published: June 2024

With a developing global population, energy demands are increasing daily, but energy sources are becoming scarcer. As of now, the majority of the world's energy needs are met by fossil fuels (natural gas, petroleum, coal, etc.), which are non-renewable sources and therefore a greater challenge to meet, as this dependence not only increases our reliance on the limited amount of fossil fuel assets, we have but also contributes significantly to the problem of global warming. The demand for renewable and sustainable energy sources has increased interest in bio fuels as an alternative to fossil fuels. This chapter provides an overview of bio fuels and their significance as a future energy option. It discusses various types of bio fuels including biodiesel, bio ethanol, and biogas, highlighting their production processes and potential applications. The challenges associated with bio fuel production, such as feedstock availability, land use, and technological advancements, are also addressed. Additionally, the chapter explores the advancements in bio fuel research and development, including the use of advanced feed stocks and novel conversion technologies. The potential environmental, economic, and social impacts of bio fuel adoption are examined, along with the current policy framework and prospects for bio fuel utilization.
CELL FUSION: A PROMISING TARGET FOR CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors: Garg Manika , Ali Dr. Asghar , Kamthan Dr. Mohan
Published: June 2024

Cell-cell fusion is a fundamental biological process with vital roles in various physiological functions, including fertilization, placental development, muscle formation, and tissue regeneration. However, this process also has implications in cancer biology, as both normal and cancer cells can exploit it to promote malignancy and contribute to tumor evolution. When cancer cells fuse with immune cells, known as fusion hybrids, they acquire properties that enhance tumoral proliferation and leucocyte mobility, facilitating metastatic spread. Additionally, cell fusion leads to genetic and transcriptomic reshuffling, resulting in the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of cell fusion is crucial for devising targeted therapies aimed at disrupting, thus impeding tumor growth and metastasis. Within this chapter, we delve into the critical role that cell fusion plays in cancer biology and its potential implications for cancer treatment, especially in the realm of immunotherapy. By comprehending the intricate processes of cell fusion, researchers can glean invaluable insights into how cancer cells interact with their microenvironment and evade immune surveillance. These discoveries present exciting prospects for pioneering novel approaches to combat cancer and other diseases effectively.
HARNESSING THE POTENTIAL OF BIOMARKERS AS POWERFUL TOOLS FOR PLANT PERFORMANCE
Authors: Sarita Ms. , Ali Dr. Asghar , Kumar Dogra Dr. Rajesh , Ashraf Ashfaq Dr. Mohd , Salik Noorani Dr. Md
Published: June 2024

Biomarkers have emerged as invaluable tools in the realm of plant biology, offering a deeper understanding of plant performance and providing crucial insights into various physiological and biochemical processes. This chapter explores the potential of biomarkers as performing tools for plants, encompassing their role in plant growth, stress response, and overall plant health assessment. We delve into the diverse range of biomarkers utilized in plant research, including molecular markers, metabolomic profiles, and physiological indicators. Furthermore, we discuss the application of biomarkers in plant breeding, crop improvement, and precision agriculture. By elucidating the intricate relationship between biomarkers and plant performance, this chapter illuminates the promising avenues for harnessing biomarkers as indispensable tools for optimizing plant productivity and sustainability in the face of global agricultural challenges.
FUNCTIONAL CLEAN-LABEL STARCH: SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AND FOOD APPLICATIONS
Authors: Das Ankan , Paul Sipra , Pramanik Sourish , Seth Dibyendu
Published: June 2024

Starch, the major source of carbohydrate and energy in our daily food has been modified by chemical additives for decades in the food industry particularly due to high demand of starch-based food products. But recently there is a boost to the “Clean- label” tag among the health-conscious consumer community. The term clean label starch invariably means starch with least processing, additive free and understandable ingredient list. This movement has inclined the research community towards finding native and underutilized sources of starch. But the major problem is that these native sources are not industrially suitable for food manufacturing and has certain limitations. In this scenario, physical and enzymatic modification of starch plays an important role. Starch modified by above two methods are simply considered as “starch” without any E- numbers.This study also focuses on the use of starch in the food sector, including the microencapsulation of active substances such as nutraceuticals, vitamins, tastes, minerals, and even fertilisers for controlled release and targeted delivery. It is also utilised to make biodegradable and nano-composite films for packaging, as well as starch-protein-lipid complexes for decreased starch digestibility. It is worth noting that starches may be utilised in small amounts alongside protein to create plant-based alternatives to meat. The biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost, and broad availability of starch make them ideal for all these uses.
ACTINOMYCETES: VERSATILE MICROBES FOR BIOREMEDIATION AND SUSTAINABLE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Bhinsara Vipul M , Ingle Sanjay S
Published: June 2024

Bioremediation uses advanced biotechnology instruments to create a clean environment without contaminants, thereby improving people's lives. For the purpose of biotransformation, degradation and various metabolic processes Actinomycetes are used by a diverse collection of filamentous bacteria. Their diversity of properties enables them to flourish in a variety of environmental conditions and produce primary and secondary metabolites, which are used for practical purposes. Actinomycetes, which include a number of genera, have the potential to biodegradate cities and agricultural waste for useful chemical substances. Actinomycetes in nature perform a number of important environmental actions, which include the breaking up and recyclisation of complex polymer structures or the production of bioactive chemicals. As a consequence, the prospect of cleaning contamination withactinomycetes is fascinating to biotechnologists. This will be accomplished by using the Green Bioremediation method, in which some of the bacteria are brought into contaminated areas with a view to increasing their degradability.. It is therefore important to note that Actinomycetes are a very good bioremediation target due to the release of more contaminants into the environment. In order to reduce the detrimental effects of pesticides and metals on biological ecosystems for agriculture, the article discusses how actinomycetes can be used as a bioremediation agent.
PROSPECTS OF TOBACCO RATTLE VIRUS (TRV) AS A VECTOR
Authors: Nayak Anup Aurojyoti , Kumari Stuti
Published: June 2024

Tobacco Rattle Virus is a plant-borne virus of the genus Tobravirus, which has a wide range of host species. Its unique characteristics and versatility have made it a highly sought-after tool in plant sciences and biotechnology. TRV is characterized by its bipartite genome structure, which is composed of two RNA1s and two RNA2s, allowing for the efficient insertion of foreign genes into RNA2 for gene delivery. Additionally, TRV is associated with the viral gene silencing phenomenon (VIGS), which involves the insertion of a fragment of the desired gene into the virus genome. This has become a useful tool in the study of gene function and understanding of plant-microbe interactions. Finally, TRV is discussed in relation to its RNA interference-mediated resistance (RNAi) against plant pathogens, which is induced by the expression of short interfering RNA molecules (siRNAs). In this chapter, TRV is presented as a vector with numerous potential benefits, however, it is also discussed that there are challenges and limitations to its use. For example, due to the narrow host range, TRV is only applicable to certain plant species. Therefore, efforts must be made to expand the host range or to develop alternative vectors. Additionally, optimizing viral constructs, delivery techniques, and purification methods is essential for increasing the efficiency and scaling of TRV-induced gene expression and gene suppression. In conclusion, TRV is a valuable tool with the potential to transform plant biotechnology and promote sustainable agriculture practices.
CONCEPT OF FERMENTATION PROCESS
Authors: Trivedi Devanshi , Shah Hiral
Published: June 2024

Depending on the group of people discussing it, "fermentation" might indicate many different things. Fermentation has been a tool from those early times, mostly for food preservation. Around 5,000 B.C.E., the Sumerians and Egyptians began employing fermentation to manufacture a wide variety of foods, including bread, wine, and beer. However, they lacked the ability to describe the precise process of fermentation or the reasons behind it. Louis Pasteur, a scientist, postulated in the nineteenth century that the existence of microbes is what causes fermentation. In the present text, we understand it to refer to the process of producing certain beneficial products by using submerged liquid culture of specific strains of microorganisms with the help of different types of fermentation. The design concerns for small-scale bioreactors will be covered in this chapter, and illustrate the kind of logic involved in selecting fermentation equipment for a small scale ‘general purpose’ laboratory where the fermentation equipment will typically be usable for several fermentation process.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND THICKNESS ON OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SULPHIDE (ZNS, CDS, AND PBS) THIN FILMS PREPARED BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION
Authors: Ramar Venkadeshkumar
Published: June 2024

Materials labelled as chalcogenides (CG) include several chalcogen elements as core components. Sixteenth group of the periodic tableare oxygen (O), sulphur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and polonium (Po) have two ions and six valence electrons and their compounds are referred as chalcogenides. The metal content of these elements increases as the atomic number rises. In which O and S are nonmetals, whereas the Po, Se and Te are metals. These elements' bonding properties coincide with their metal properties. These substances are covalently bound and can be crystalline or amorphous. These substances are covalently bound and can be crystalline or amorphous. Depending on composition, CGare basically semiconductors of band gap ranges from 1-2 eV, depending on composition. Chalcogenides are photosensitive; they also have glassy semiconductor features, which give them fascinating electrical characteristics. Due to its versatile features in optoelectronics and energy devices, metal chalcogenide semiconductors have actively participated in the development of thin film photovoltaic systems as absorber layers. The chalcogenides ZnS, CdS, and PbS are also. These three resources are primarily used to advance research [1,2].
LIPID BASED VESICLES: FORMULATION AND LOADING OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG ATENOLOL
Authors: Sharma Rachana , Sharma Uma
Published: June 2024

The term ‘vesicles’ is used to define circular or ellipsoidal single or multicompartment, closed double layered structures irrespective of their chemical structure. Liposomes are microscopic, tiny synthetic vesicles of sphere-shape that can be formed from cholesterol and natural phospholipids in water as solvent causing closed bilayer structures to form. In present work, lipid-based vesicles were synthesized (by soy lecithin and cholesterol) and loaded with antihypertensive model drug Atenolol by using Rotatory-evaporator. The synthesized liposomes were further evaluated by Fourier Transform Infra-red spectroscopic analysis, particle size distribution, zeta potential and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis. Mean particle size obtained was 121.6nm by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential value is found to be -40.98 mV with well-defined multilamellar vesicular morphology by SEM analysis.
POLYPYRROLE/LANTHANUM MANGANITE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MORPHOLOGY, STRUCTURAL, VSM, AND EPR STUDIES
Authors: M. G Dr. Smitha , Shwetha Ms
Published: June 2024

Our research focuses on an innovative category of materials achieved through the modification of the conducting polymer Polypyrrole (PPy: Host) with Perovskite compounds (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ba0.3MnO3: Doped). This novel material class is tailored to exhibit distinctive properties. Our study delves into the synthesis of these composite materials through the in-situ chemical oxidation method, coupled with an in-depth investigation of their characteristics. Using various analytical techniques, we explored the morphology, chemical composition, crystal phase, and magnetic behavior of these composites. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed their spherical structure, while Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis confirmed the presence of the respective elements. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) highlighted their Orthorhombic phase, while Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) demonstrated paramagnetic behavior. Additionally, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) revealed intriguing interactions between the host and the doped materials, all of which were observed at room temperature.This comprehensive study enhances our understanding of the fundamental interactions between host and doped materials. Moreover, the findings pave the way for potential future applications, such as energy harvesting and Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs), suggesting exciting prospects for these nanocomposites in emerging technologies.
METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (MOFS) AND COVALENT ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (COFS): A BENEVOLENT AND VERSATILE SCAFFOLD FOR MULTIFUNCTIONAL UTILITIES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Borghare Ms. Samiksha M. , Sheikh Mr. Tahir N.
Published: June 2024

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), made up of organic ligands and metal ions which are highly porous, crystalline materials while Covalent-organic framework(COFs) are a class of penetrable crystalline material that are connected by strong covalent bonds. Their penetrability, chemical constitution, size and shape, and simple surface modification make this large family most famous for numerous applications like in oral drug delivery, catalysis, adsorption and sensing of various pollutants especially water, used in electrochemical applications, in photocatalysis or used as biomarkers. Various methods are practiced for the synthesis of MOFs and COFs like microwave assisted synthesis, mechano chemical, sonochemical methods, etc.
DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS GLUCOSE – MALONIC ACID (DESs) AND THEIR NANO SYNTHESIS OF ZINC CHLORIDE
Authors: Prabhakaran K. , Priya T. Mohana , Sathishkumar S. , Gayathri K.
Published: June 2024

In this research work dealt with the synthesis of Zinc sulphide nanomaterials from a deep eutectic solvent of glucose and malonic acid by evaporation method. The GLU-MA DES was used a solvent for the preparation of ZnS nanoparticle by using NaBH4 and N2H4 mixture as reducing agent. The UV-Visible and FTIR spectra were recorded for these particles. From these analysis that ZnS nanoparticles were confirmed and the malonic was acted as a capping agent during the formation of nanoparticles. The field emission SEM analysis carried out to identify the morphology of ZnS nanoparticles showed that uniform sized particles are obtained in the nanoscale. In addition to that, the X-ray analysis of nanoparticles showed only manganese and oxygen elements are present in it. Therefore, Zn particles are obtained within the nanoscale in this DES of glucose and malonic acid. Further analysis of X-ray diffraction and Transmission Electron Micrograph studies are to be carried out to know the accurate particle size to the sample was prepared.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS SPECIES AND TRANS-DISCIPLINARY PROMISE OF CALLISTEMON GENUS
Authors: Arora Shefali , Chettri Sukanya , Percha Versha
Published: June 2024

The present studies showed significant trans-disciplinary promise of Callistemon genus. Callistemon plant shows its presence as a star in the garden. The plant needs little care once fully grown. Weekly water is enough and can tolerate drought conditions. It is not picky about the soil type and doesn't require lots of fertilizers. It is easy to grow and an excellent attractor of bees or butterflies. Various species of the plant have been explained for a wide category of medicinal properties. Its essential oil has possessed various anti-microbial, fungi toxic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory activities. Not only is its medical value, but the plant is also known for the production of natural dye and acts as a natural polymer.
A REVIEW - NANO MATERIALS FOR MANUFACTURING OF CUTTING TOOLS
Authors: B Sandeep.
Published: June 2024

In today's manufacturing industry, precision, efficiency, and durability are critical for meeting ever-increasing demands. Nanotechnology, with its unique properties at the nanoscale, has revolutionized various industries, including cutting tools. Nano materials offer exceptional mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties that make them ideal candidates for cutting tool manufacturing. This paper explores the transformative impact of nano materials on cutting tool design and production, delving into their enhanced hardness, toughness, and wear resistance. The integration of nano materials enables the development of cutting tools with reduced friction, improved surface finishes, and enhanced precision. Moreover, it discusses the history, need, present status, and challenges associated with nano materials in cutting tool manufacturing. Researchers have explored various nano materials, including nano carbides, ceramics, and composites, to optimize cutting tool properties for specific applications. Moreover, multi-functional nano coatings with self-lubricating and anti-corrosion properties have been developed to enhance tool performance and environmental sustainability. However, challenges such as cost, material homogeneity, and nanoparticle agglomeration need to be addressed to ensure successful commercialization. As nanotechnology continues to advance, the integration of nano materials into cutting tools is poised to revolutionize manufacturing practices, offering solutions that optimize performance, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness for industries worldwide.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLE [2, 1-C] [1, 2, 4] TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES FROM IMIDACLOPRID
Authors: Deshmukh M. B , Yankanchi S. R , Deshmukh S. M , Patil Bhagawan
Published: June 2024

New molecules with promising insecticidal properties like imidazo[2,1-c][124] triazole analogs were synthesized, starting with imidacloprid and bio-assayed. The structures of synthesized molecules were confirmed with diverse modern methods like FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectrometry. The synthesized molecules are screened to investigate their insecticidal and anti-bacterial activity. The bioassay screening showed that synthesized compounds chloro (3-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-imidazo [2,1-c] [1,2,4] triazole (4b), the 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-imidazo [2,1-c] [1,2,4] triazole (4c), nitro(7-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-imidazo[2,1-c] [1,2,4] triazole (4d) and 7-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-3-(2-nitrophenyl)-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-imidazo[2,1-c] [1,2,4]triazole (4e) showed higher bioactivities than imidacloprid against Hubner (H.armigera), Mealybugs (Planococcus citri), and Mango hoppers (Idioscopus clypealis), and tobacco and tomato bacterial wilt. The results of biological activity were determined. Compounds with electron-withdrawing groups showed potential as vector control agents.
MICROLED (MICRO-LED) -NEW DIMENSION IN OPTOELECTRONICS
Authors: Khator Srikant , Gupta Vinayak Raj , Basak Tushar , Podder Dr. Soumik
Published: June 2024

The demand for high-performance displays is on a continuous rise due to their wide applications in smart devices like smart phones, watches, augmented reality, virtual reality, and naked eye 3D projection. Future displays will mainly consist of high-resolution, transparent, and flexible display technologies. Among these, MicroLEDs (light- emitting diodes) stand out as they offer exceptional features such as low power consumption, wider color gamut, longer lifespan, and rapid response-time. This makes them a potential replacement for traditional liquid crystal displays and organic LED-based technologies. However, to solidify their position in the future of display technology, MicroLEDs must overcome challenges related to mass transfer and high manufacturing costs. In this paper, we will delve into several intriguing topics surrounding MicroLED technology, including its fundamental concepts, intricate structure, the fascinating manufacturing process it undergoes, the challenges faced during production, and the remarkable advantages and disadvantages it brings to the table. Moreover, we will explore the diverse and exciting array of applications and uses of MicroLEDs in various fields and industries, uncovering the immense potential they hold for shaping our future.
CHEMICAL STABILITY OF DRUGS
Authors: Somkuwar Sushma
Published: June 2024

The book chapter on the chemical stability of drugs provides a comprehensive overview aimed at pharmaceutical scientists, researchers, and professionals engaged in drug development, manufacturing, and quality control. The chapter objectives include understanding the significance of chemical stability for ensuring pharmaceutical safety and efficacy, identifying factors influencing chemical stability, exploring degradation pathways, grasping kinetics for predicting shelf-life, and mastering stability testing methods. The chapter serves as a foundational resource for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, equipping them with essential knowledge and tools to ensure the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products throughout their lifecycle. It emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of chemical stability, bridging pharmaceuticals, food chemistry, and materials science.
HOMOEOPATHIC MANAGEMENT OF ADOLESCENTS HAVING ALCOHOLIC FATHERS BY UNDERSTANDING THEIR ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS
Authors: Vasant Koli Dr. Madhuri
Published: June 2024

Adolescence is the stage where transition occurs at physical and psychological level that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood. Issues of independence, identity, sexuality, and relationships define this developmental stage. Adolescents face various stressors at home, school due to parents, peers, teachers etc. Many of the stresses are transient in nature and disappears as age advances but some stresses leaves their long lasting impact on individual and more severe on tender mind like of adolescents which are very difficult to understand and manage with. The aim of this study was to understand the adaptive mechanisms of children in the adolescent age group whose fathers are alcoholics and determining the role of these mechanisms in the Homoeopathic management. 30 adolescents have been studied from age group of 12 years to 18 years of both the sexes. The adolescents were selected on basis of the impact in their life due to alcoholic father. A self- made checklist was applied to understand the stressors faced by these adolescents physical, mentally and intellectually due to alcoholic father. 5 (17%) adolescents had stressor due to abusive father, anticipatory anxiety of being abused by father, & interpersonal conflicts amongst parents equally,4 (13%) abusive behavior of father towards mother. 4 (13%) did not face any stressor. Reactions to stressors were fear of father as prominent factor in 9 cases (30%), hatred towards father in 3 adolescents (10%), 8 adolescents (27%) had anger towards father, 3 (10%) had desire to hit father, 3 of them (10%) had no any effect of father’s alcoholism. Out of 30 adolescents 12 (40%) adolescents used suppression, escapism along with suppression was also observed in 6 (20%), escapism in 3 (10%) of adolescents, rationalization in 3 (10 %), sublimation in 2 (7%). Homoeopathic similimum was indicated on basis of adaptive mechanisms, and ancillary measures were given to required adolescents. One of the causes of mental, physical and intellectual difficulties faced by adolescent is parental alcoholism which needs to be studied to understand the mode of adaptation and help them in management of difficulties.
APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ORTHOPAEDICS: CURRENT AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Sharma Dr. Anand , Sharma Dhairya
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is evolving as a promising technology in various fields including healthcare, revolutionizing various aspects of diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care. By utilizing machine learning algorithms and deep neural networks, AI has the potential to enhance the accuracy and ef-ficiency of orthopaedic procedures. One sig-nificant application of AI in orthopaedics is in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal condi-tions. AI algorithms can analyze medical im-ages, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, to detect fractures, tumors, and other abnormali-ties with high precision. This can aid ortho-paedic surgeons in making accurate diagnos-es, predictions and determining the most ap-propriate treatment strategies. Furthermore, AI can assist in treatment planning by pro-viding predictive models and personalized recommendations. AI algorithms can help identify the most effective treatment options for individual patients by researching and analyzing patient’s data. This can result into reduced treatment costs and better patient care.
SECONDARY METABOLITES AS POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS AGAINST PARASITIC INFECTIONS
Authors: Ahmad Rather Shabir , Bharti Pooja , Khan M. A. Hannan , Wani Zahoor Ahmad
Published: June 2024

In the context of global health, parasitic diseases continue to be a significant challenge, particularly in developing countries with limited resources. The emergence of drug-resistant parasites and the undesirable side effects associated with conventional treatments have triggered the search for alternative therapeutic strategies. Secondary metabolites, which are natural compounds synthesized by organisms for ecological reasons, offer great promise as potential effective agents against parasitic infections. This book chapter aims to present a comprehensive summary of recent research on secondary metabolites with anti- parasitic properties, emphasizing their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and potential applications in the treatment of parasitic diseases.
REINVENTING PUBLIC AREAS IN INDIA THROUGH GAMIFICATION
Authors: Waghmare Sameh , Sushil Shirsekar Siddhesh , Guha Thakurta Arundhati
Published: June 2024

Public spaces in Mumbai are frequently underutilized and unsafe, which diminishes the quality of life and discourages citizen engagement. Gamification, the incorporation of game-like elements into public spaces, has been proposed as a potential solution to increase engagement and stewardship of public spaces. This paper examines the application of gamification to the problem of insecure public spaces in Mumbai. It presents case studies of successful gamified public space initiatives and provides recommendations for implementing gamification. By doing so, we aim to contribute to the ongoing dialogue about enhancing the quality of life in Mumbai via innovative solutions.
HEALTH EFFECTS OF AMBIENT AND HOUSEHOLD AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURES IN INDIA
Authors: Sujatha P. , PVS Jai Shirisha , Nivash J Krishna , Janardhanam P.V.S.
Published: June 2024

Air pollution has emerged as the world's largest environmental health risk and is the leading cause of death and disability in India, according to the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. The study revealed that combined exposure to PM2.5 from household cooking fuels and ambient air pollution contributes to a significant number of premature deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in India, accounting for 9% of the national burden of disease. The use of solid cooking fuels such as wood and coal remains prevalent in India and exposes a large section of the population, especially women and children, to harmful by-products of incomplete combustion. India also faces high levels of ambient air pollution, with 13 cities in the world's top 20 for annual PM2.5 levels. Weak emission control policies, along with industrial growth and increasing economic activity, pose a growing threat to air quality. Without intervention, PM2.5 levels from transport sources alone are projected to double by 2030. This study aims to investigate the nature and extent of air pollution and household air pollution in India and associated health effects. Given the overlapping exposures across urban and rural areas, the study highlights the need for comprehensive interventions that address different pollution sources and income fractions. Through the evidence presented, the study will offer practical recommendations to reduce exposure and mitigate the resulting health burden. By taking proactive steps based on the study's findings, we can better understand the health impacts of air pollution and work toward effective prevention and mitigation strategies.
A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF WATER DEMAND - SUPPLY MANAGEMENT IN CHENNAI
Authors: Sujatha P. , PVS Jai Shirisha , J Krishna Nivash , Janardhanam P.V.S.
Published: June 2024

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the water dynamics of the Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) for effective water planning and reveal the complex interactions between urban objectives. The research has three primary objectives: (a) assessment of inflows, outflows and effluents to determine water mass balance; (b) demonstrating how economic, political, social and other factors affect the flow of water and affect the hydrology of the city; and (c) revealing spatial diversity in the driving forces of water flow. The study examines the city's growth, water management, resources, infrastructure and risk factors and offers recommendations for sustainable management. By addressing these aspects, the research aims to improve water resource management and sustainable development in the rapid urbanization of the CMA.
INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF PSYCHIATRIC SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Gangurde Pravin , Gaikwad Vrushali
Published: June 2024

Psychiatric social work has evolved significantly over the years, with professionals continually seeking innovative ways to enhance their impact and improve mental health support. Through creative approaches, technological advancements, and a deep understanding of human psychology, the field of psychiatric social work has witnessed a range of innovative activities that are transforming the way individuals with mental health challenges are cared for and assisted.
MENTAL HEALTH AND THE MENTAL HEALTHCARE ACT, 2017
Authors: Munjial Singh Prof. Dr. Monica , Katoch Akshit
Published: June 2024

In India, mental health-related problems bear a heavy cost. One in ten Indians are thought to suffer from a mental health issue, while 0.8% are thought to have a "severe mental disorder." In India, the Mental Health Act of 1987 was superseded by the Mental Healthcare Act of 2017. When providing mental health services, the Mental Healthcare Act of 2017 placed a greater emphasis on guaranteeing the protection of the rights of those who suffer from mental illness. It include provisions of advance directives, nominative representative, different rights of person with mental illness, independent and supportive admission, discrimination of suicide etc. not these provisions helps the person with mental illness in protection of their rights also define mental illness as well as mental health professional who can provide different services to them.
NANOTECHNOLOGY: A BOON FOR THE SCIENTIFIC DOMAIN
Authors: Sindhu Indu
Published: June 2024

Nano science is an integrative field that comprises chemical science, physics, biology, and engineering fields and deals with their synthesis, properties, and applicability to future trends. Nanotechnology mainly includes particles having sizes at the nano scale (one billionth of a meter) and examining their physical and chemical properties at the nano scale. The properties of nano materials differ considerably from those of bulk materials. In this chapter, we have listed the applications of nano materials in various areas as reported by the scientific community. The nano particles exhibit applicability in the food industry as packaging material, electronics items such as chips, devices, and displays, and in the medicinal field to detect cancer and its treatment. Another interesting application is in tissue engineering, remediation of pollution, and in agricultural areas as nano pesticides and nano fertilizers. The applications of nanotechnology in various sectors are tremendously expanding, resulting in a rise in the global market for nano materials. With the help of nanotechnology, everyday products become more functional and efficient, which enhances our quality of life.
ADVANCING FUNCTIONALIZATION OF POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE
Authors: Das Anamika , Biswas Satarupa , Mukherjee Moumita , Mukhopadhyay Jayanta , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita
Published: June 2024

Polymer is one of the finest inventions in the field of material science owing to its multifaceted application and existence of dual phase matrix being coexistence of crystalline and amorphous phase. The present research represents the possibilities of functionalization of polymer for its suitable application. The review has been initialized with basic features of polymer and its relevant traits exploited for processing in terms of nanocomposite. An account on the functionalization of resin-based matrix is described with the processing of functional nanocomposite. Polymer bears highest application as being electrolyte membrane in solid state devices, which is the example of next generation renewable source of energy storage and generation. The non electrolyte polymers are thereby processed using mobile salt matrix (charge carrier) along with plasticizer and non-reactive fillers like silica, alumina etc. A section with detailed account on functionalization of polyelectrolytes and non-electrolytes with carbon nanotubes progressed afterwards. The proved interfacial interaction introduced upon insertion of nano tubes account for much augmented properties associated with polymer composite reinforced with carbon nano tubes. An insight on the mechanistic understanding on the functionality and mode of working on nano fillers within polymer composite is illustrated with relevant examples. Plastic pollution being a significant threat to the society worldwide, green methods for polymer synthesis and its biodegradability is one of the important research arena’s. In this context, the final chapter illustrates the prospects and challenges associated with green polymer nano composite. Examples on processing based on polymer blend are discussed in details which is concluded with the application aspect of such polymer nanocomposite through green processing route and biodegradability of such polymer nanocomposite.
NANOSENSORS: FUNDAMENTALS AND RECENT APPLICATIONS
Authors: Asghar Nazia , Habiba Zunaira
Published: June 2024

In this era, nanoscience discoveries in practically every sector of science and nanotechnologies make life easier. Nanotechnology and emerging fields in different fields including devices, systems and technologies having innovative characteristics and functions because of arrangements of their atoms in the range of 1-100nm. At the start of 2000, this field got enhanced public awareness and controversies resulting in the first commercial applications of nanosensors. Nanosensors almost play a crucial role in every field of life such as engineering, computer sciences, biology, physics, chemistry and material science etc. Additionally, nanotechnology also has many applications in human health with favorable outcomes, specially in the cancer detection and treatment. To comprehend study of nanotechnology, the overview of different applications of nanotechnology is very important. This book chapter demonstrates the explanation of nanosensors, principle of nanotechnology and nanoscience, also covers the per-moderns and and modern historical eras of achievements and milestones in these domains.