bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) exploit food sources across anaerobic decomposition- and primary photosynthetic production-based food chains
Authors: Medo Ayano , Ohte Nobuhito , Kajitani Hiroki , Nose Takashi , Manabe Yuki , Sugawara Tatsuya , Onishi Yuji , Goto Akiko S. , Koba Keisuke , Arai Nobuaki , Mitsunaga Yasushi , Kume Manabu , Nishizawa Hideaki , Kojima Daichi , Yokoyama Ayako , Yamanaka Toshiro , Viputhanumas Thavee , Mitamura Hiromichi
Published: August 2023

Dietary information from aquatic organisms is instrumental in predicting biological interactions and understanding ecosystem functionality. In freshwater habitats, generalist fish species can access a diverse array of food sources from multiple food chains. These may include primary photosynthetic production and detritus derived from both oxic and anoxic decomposition. However, the exploitation of anoxic decomposition products by fish remains insufficiently explored. This study examines feeding habits of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) at both adult and juvenile stages within a tropical reservoir, using stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S, respectively) and fatty acid (FA) analyses. The adult catfish exhibited higher δ15N values compared to primary consumers that feed on primary photosynthetic producers, which suggests ingestion of food sources originating from primary photosynthetic production-based food chains. On the other hand, juvenile catfish demonstrated lower δ15N values than primary consumers, correlating with low δ34S value and large proportions of bacterial FA but contained small proportions of polyunsaturated FA. This implies that juveniles utilize food sources from both anoxic decomposition and primary photosynthetic production-based food chains. Our results indicate that food chains based on anoxic decomposition can indeed contribute to the dietary sources of tropical fish species.
Non-graphitized carbon/Cu2O/Cu0 nanohybrids with improved stability and enhanced photocatalytic H2 production
Authors: Zindrou Areti , Belles Loukas , Solakidou Maria , Boukos Nikos , Deligiannakis Yiannis
Published: August 2023

Cu2O is a highly potent photocatalyst, however photocorrosion stands as a key obstacle for its stability in photocatalytic technologies. Herein, we show that nanohybrids of Cu2O/Cu0 nanoparticles interfaced with non-graphitized carbon (nGC) constitute a novel synthesis route towards stable Cu-photocatalysts with minimized photocorrosion. Using a Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) process that allows synthesis of anoxic-Cu phases, we have developed in one-step a library of Cu2O/Cu0 nanocatalysts interfaced with nGC, optimized for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production from H2O. Co-optimization of the nGC and the Cu2O/Cu0 ratio is shown to be a key strategy for high H2 production, > 4700 μmoles g−1 h−1 plus enhanced stability against photocorrosion, and onset potential of 0.234 V vs. RHE. After 4 repetitive reuses the catalyst is shown to lose less than 5% of its photocatalytic efficiency, while photocorrosion was < 6%. In contrast, interfacing of Cu2O/Cu0 with graphitized-C is not as efficient. Raman, FT-IR and TGA data are analyzed to explain the undelaying structural functional mechanisms where the tight interfacing of nGC with the Cu2O/Cu0 nanophases is the preferred configuration. The present findings can be useful for wider technological goals that demand low-cost engineering, high stability Cu-nanodevices, prepared with industrially scalable process.
Content of selected heavy metals in the umbilical cord blood and anthropometric data of mothers and newborns in Poland: preliminary data
Authors: Grzesik-Gąsior Joanna , Sawicki Jan , Pieczykolan Agnieszka , Bień Agnieszka
Published: August 2023

The ability to accumulate metals in organs and tissues leads to disturbances in the physiological functioning of the body, causing oxidative stress. This negatively affects the functioning of the placenta and may result in miscarriages, premature birth and fetal growth disorders. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the levels of selected heavy metals in umbilical cord blood and anthropometric parameters of mothers and the newborns. Content of elements in umbilical cord blood has been assessed by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The study results were collected and statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (PS IMAGO). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test for associations between selected variables. Regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of anthropometric parameters of studied women and newborns. The study group consisted of women aged 19–41, whose pregnancy was uncomplicated and were not exposed to heavy metals due to their work or smoking. The following metals were identified in all collected cord blood samples: lead (26.25 ± 9.32 µg/L), zinc (2025.24 ± 717.83 µg/L), copper (749.85 ± 203.86 µg/L), manganese (32.55 ± 13.58 µg/L), chromium (8.34 ± 2.16 µg/L) and selenium (158.46 ± 41.58 µg/L). The conducted statistical analysis indicated the relationship between the copper content in the umbilical cord blood and the weight gain of pregnant women. A significant relationship was observed between newborn head circumference and chromium content. In addition, significant positive correlations were found between the content of zinc and copper, manganese and lead, manganese and selenium, lead and selenium, and lead and chromium in umbilical cord blood. The ratio of zinc to copper concentrations was related to neonatal head circumference. Weight gain in pregnant women is positively correlated with the copper level in umbilical cord blood. There is an association between head circumference at birth and the chromium concentration in umbilical cord blood. Copper and zinc levels in umbilical cord blood are positively correlated with head circumference at birth.
Research on indoor positioning method based on LoRa-improved fingerprint localization algorithm
Authors: Chen Honghong , Yang Jie , Hao Zhanjun , Ga Macidan , Han Xinyu , Zhang Xiaotong , Chen Zetong
Published: August 2023

Traditional fingerprint localization algorithms need help with low localization accuracy, large data volumes, and device dependence. This paper proposes a LoRa-based improved fingerprint localization algorithm-particle swarm optimization-random forest-fingerprint localization for indoor localization. The first improvement step involves creating a new exceptional fingerprint value (referred to as RSSI-RANGE) by adding the Time of Flight ranging value (referred to as RANGE) to the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) value and weighting them together. The second improvement step involves preprocessing the fingerprint data to eliminate gross errors using Gaussian and median filtering. After noise reduction, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the hyper parameters of the random forest algorithm, and the best RSSI-RANGE value is obtained using the random forest algorithm. The Kriging method is then used for interpolation to establish an offline fingerprint database, and the final online recognition and localization are performed. Experimental results demonstrate that the first improvement step improves localization accuracy by 53–57% in different experimental scenarios, while the second improves localization accuracy by 25–31%. When both steps are combined, the localization accuracy is improved by 58–63%. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through experiments.
Evidence of cancer-linked rodent zoonoses from biophysical genomic variations
Authors: Alsufyani Daniah , Lindesay James
Published: August 2023

As a mechanism to explore the role of environmental adaptation in establishing the optimal distribution of single nucleotide polymophisms (SNPs) within resident homeostatic populations, relationships between quantified environmental parameters and the frequencies of the variants are being explored. We have performed sequential double-blind scans on more than 30% of chromosome 3 in an attempt to discover possible relationships using simple mathematical functions that are indicative of “adaptive forces” on the variants due to specific quantified environmental agents. We have found an association of rs13071758 with rodent zoonotic diseases. This variant is within the FHIT gene, which spans the most fragile of the common fragile sites in human lymphoblasts. FHIT, which is highly sensitive to environmental carcinogens, is partially lost in most human cancers. This finding is consistent with other studies postulating an association between rodent zoonoses and cancer. We quantify the adaptive force on the T allele as 0.28 GEUs per unit of zoonotic rodent host richness.
Quality of life and severity of symptoms among patients with various degrees of reflux esophagitis: a prospective study
Authors: Mari Amir , Na’amnih Wasef , Ghantous Loay , Ahmad Helal Said , Khoury Tawfik , Muhsen Khitam
Published: August 2023

Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause erosive esophagitis (EE) and compromise the quality of life (QoL). We examined differences in symptom severity and QoL according to EE severity grade. A follow-up study was conducted among GERD patients at the Nazareth Hospital in Israel. Patients underwent a baseline gastroscopy in 2014–2020 during which the EE grade was determined using the Los Angeles classification. Follow-up telephone interviews were conducted during 2019–2020 with a mean time interval of 18.9 months (SD = 14.9) after the baseline gastroscopy to assess GERD symptoms using the Reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ) and QoL using the GERD QoL questionnaire. The patients were interviewed in their native language (Arabic or Hebrew). Overall, 149 (66.4% males) patients were included; 50 had EE grades C/D and 99 had grades A/B. The mean age at baseline and follow-up was 44.6 years (SD = 15.1) and 46.2 years (SD = 14.9), respectively. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.928 and 0.855 for the RDQ and QoL questionnaires, respectively. Patients with EE C/D grades had more severe symptoms than patients with EE A/B grades (P = 0.05), especially in regurgitation scores (P = 0.03). Females had more severe symptoms (overall) than males (adjusted OR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.12–4.90). Patients with the more severe esophagitis EE C/D group (adjusted OR = 1.98; 95% CI 0.93–4.24) and those who used PPIs treatment (adjusted OR = 2.19; 95% CI 0.95–5.01) reported more severe GERD symptoms. The number of schooling years was significantly associated with better QoL score (beta coefficient 1.33, P = 0.005) but not EE grade or GERD symptoms. Follow-up endoscopy conducted among 22 patients with EE grades C/D showed that 13 (59.1%) of these patients had normal endoscopic findings, 6 patients (27.3%) had a grade A EE, 1 patient (4.5%) had grade B, and 2 (9.1%) remained with grade C EE. The Arabic and Hebrew versions of the RDQ and QoL questionnaires were highly reliable. GERD symptoms severity was more profound among patients with more severe esophagitis. No significant association between EE grade and QoL; this negative result might be due to the improvement in esophagitis endoscopic findings among patients with C/D grade.
Determinants of outpatient substance use disorder treatment length-of-stay and completion: the case of a treatment program in the southeast U.S
Authors: Baird Aaron , Cheng Yichen , Xia Yusen
Published: August 2023

Successful outcomes of outpatient substance use disorder treatment result from many factors for clients—including intersections between individual characteristics, choices made, and social determinants. However, prioritizing which of these and in what combination, to address and provide support for remains an open and complex question. Therefore, we ask: What factors are associated with outpatient substance use disorder clients remaining in treatment for > 90 days and successfully completing treatment? To answer this question, we apply a virtual twins machine learning (ML) model to de-identified data for a census of clients who received outpatient substance use disorder treatment services from 2018 to 2021 from one treatment program in the Southeast U.S. We find that primary predictors of outcome success are: (1) attending self-help groups while in treatment, and (2) setting goals for treatment. Secondary predictors are: (1) being linked to a primary care provider (PCP) during treatment, (2) being linked to supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP), and (3) attending 6 or more self-help group sessions during treatment. These findings can help treatment programs guide client choice making and help set priorities for social determinant support. Further, the ML method applied can explain intersections between individual and social predictors, as well as outcome heterogeneity associated with subgroup differences.
Exchange interaction for the triplet superconductor UTe2
Authors: Yang Chih-Kai , Lee Chi-Hsuan
Published: August 2023

UTe2is one triplet superconductor that defies conventional relation between ferromagnetism and superconductivity. Our search for a theoretical explanation starts with one spin-triplet state of two electrons and construct a two-particle exchange interaction that favors the formation of Cooper pairs under the configuration. A modified application of the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory using parameters derived from ab-initio density functional calculations for electrons and phonons enables us to derive the critical temperature of 1.64 K and an average superconducting gap of 0.25 meV at 0 K. We extend the investigation further into the superconductivity under pressure, showing howTcand the gap of UTe2change under compression in ways that are consistent with the results of experiment.
High-efficiency SERS platform based on 3D porous PPDA@Au NPs as a substrate for the detection of pesticides on vegetables
Authors: Zeng Zhiyou , Yang Xiaoyu , Cao Yongguo , Pu Sanshan , Zhou Xinyu , Gu Rongli , Zhang Yiqian , Wu Caijun , Luo Xiaojun , He Yi
Published: August 2023

A 3D composite nanoparticle of porous PDA microspheres and Au NPs (PPDA@Au NPs) is proposed as a SERS substrate to detect pesticides. Porous PPDA nanospheres as a carrier and reductant to immobilize Au NPs for enhancing the Raman signal.
Ultra-small Mo–Pt subnanoparticles enable CO2 hydrogenation at room temperature and atmospheric pressure
Authors: Atqa Augie , Yoshida Masataka , Wakizaka Masanori , Chun Wang-Jae , Oda Akira , Imaoka Takane , Yamamoto Kimihisa
Published: August 2023

Thermally-driven CO2 hydrogenation to CO was finally achieved at room temperature and atmospheric pressure by ultra-small Mo4Pt8Ox subnanoparticles.
Modulating the doping state of transition metal ions in ZnS for enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Bao Linping , Ren Xiaohui , Liu Chengyin , Liu Xin , Dai Chunhui , Yang Yong , Bououdina Mohamed , Ali Sajjad , Zeng Chao
Published: August 2023

The transition metal ion surface doped ZnS catalysts exhibit greatly higher activity than homogeneous doped catalysts. The role of doping states in activity enhancement has been systemically investigated.
Tailoring ionomer distribution in the catalyst layer via heteroatom-functionalization toward superior PEMFC performance
Authors: Sun Dianding , Zhao Zhong , Jin Meng , Zhang Haimin
Published: August 2023

We investigate in detail the influence of O, S, and N functionalization of Pt3Co/C catalysts on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).
Structural phase transformation of quantum spin liquid herbertsmithite via pressure induced enhancement of the cooperative Jahn–Teller effect and antisite disorder
Authors: Luo Yaxiao , Zhang Jian , Wu Jiayi , Tian Hui , Ma Yanmei , Jiang Lina , Cui Hang , Cui Qiliang
Published: August 2023

The trigonal herbertsmithite structure transformed into a monoclinic clinoatacamite-like structure at 12.6 GPa, which is a consequence of the pressure induced enhancement of the cooperative Jahn–Teller effect and antisite disorder of Cu2+ and Zn2+.
Photophysical investigation into room-temperature emission from xanthene derivatives
Authors: Harrington Kristen , Hogan David T. , Sutherland Todd C. , Stamplecoskie Kevin
Published: August 2023

Delayed emission from simple xanthene derivatives at room temperature in air.
pH/magnetic dual responsive Pickering emulsion stabilized by Fe3O4@SiO2@chitosan nanoparticles
Authors: He Runna , Sun Shuangqing , Cui Jianpeng , Chi Mingshuo , Wang Zhikun , Hu Songqing
Published: August 2023

In recent years, Pickering emulsifiers have been widely used in various production fields due to their excellent structural stability, biocompatibility and environmental friendliness.
Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation ameliorates chronic restraint stress-induced male reproductive dysfunction
Authors: Akram Mohd , Ali Syed Azmal , Kaul Gautam
Published: August 2023

Enhancing Male Reproductive Function through Activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: Mitigation of Restraint Stress-Induced Deficits via Oral Probiotic Administration.
Defective ZrO2−x supported Ru nanoparticles as a Mott–Schottky photocatalyst for efficient ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions
Authors: Fu Rong , Wang Yan , Wang Guangming , Zhan Qingyun , Zhang Lili , Liu Le
Published: August 2023

The supported Ru co-catalyst induces upward band bending in the defective ZrO2−x, forming an interfacial Schottky barrier that facilitates the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and provides energetic electrons for nitrogen activation.
Additive engineering for high-performance P3HT:non-fused ring electron acceptor organic solar cell
Authors: Luo Dou , Li Lanqing , Zhou Erjun , Wong Wai-Yeung , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko
Published: August 2023

A non-fused ring electron acceptor, MOT, with an ultra-narrow bandgap and absorption up to 1000 nm was synthesized to blend with P3HT. The influence of additives on the phase separation and photovoltaic properties of P3HT:MOT blend was investigated.
Bloch-type magnetic skyrmions in two-dimensional lattices
Authors: Du Wenhui , Dou Kaiying , He Zhonglin , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Ma Yandong
Published: August 2023

Bloch-type magnetic skyrmions are realized in a 2D lattice of MnInP2Te6. The underlying physics is related to the special DMI, which is protected by D3 symmetry.
Color-to-white switching electrochromic devices constructed by combining fused thienothiophene polymers and high-reflectivity electrolyte
Authors: Mu Yuanzheng , Kuang Guoqiang , Yuan Cheng , Wu Lei , Kang Yue , Ma Tian , Tao Yijie , Zhang Shiguo
Published: August 2023

Color-to-white switching electrochromic devices (ECDs) present great application potential in non-emissive displays and energy-saving fields, but there are still very few reports.
Construction of cerium-based oxide catalysts with abundant defects/vacancies and their application to catalytic elimination of air pollutants
Authors: Gao Siyu , Yu Di , Zhou Shengran , Zhang Chunlei , Wang Lanyi , Fan Xiaoqiang , Yu Xuehua , Zhao Zhen
Published: August 2023

This article focuses on the preparation of cerium-based oxide catalysts with vacancies/defects and their catalytic purification properties for air pollutants.
Multisecret‐sharing scheme with two‐level security and its applications in blockchain
Authors: Sharma Rajendra Kumar , Sarma Ritumoni , Arora Neha , Sagar Vidya
Published: August 2023

A ‐threshold secret sharing and multisecret‐sharing scheme based on Shamir's secret sharing scheme are introduced with two‐level security using a one‐way function. Besides, its application in a smart contract‐enabled consortium blockchain network is discussed. The proposed scheme is thoroughly examined in terms of security and efficiency. Privacy, security, integrity, and scalability are also analyzed while applying it to the blockchain network.
Adaptive weighted federated Kalman filtering based on Mahalanobis distance and its application in navigation
Authors: Gao Yi , Gao Zhaohui , Zong Hua , Gao Shesheng , Hong Genyuan
Published: August 2023

Due to the federal Kalman filter is used to directly fuse the measurement information into the main filter without processing, resulting in the problem of reduced filtering accuracy. An adaptive weighted federated Kalman filtering based on Mahalanobis distance was proposed in this paper. By calculating the Mahalanobis distance between the predicted value and the measurements of the system, the random fluctuation of the measurements is detected. The statistical characteristics of the system measurement noise are adjusted at any time according to random fluctuations in the measurements. And then by using a adaptive amplification factor to dynamically adjust the measurement noise in the subsystems, and reduce the impact of measurement information contamination in subfilters on the main filter. The adaptive federated information distribution coefficient is used to realize the global information fusion of the federal Kalman filter method, to reduce the influence of inaccurate estimation of subfilters on the main filter.Simulation results and comparison analysis prove that the filtering performance of the proposed is better than the traditional federated Kalman filter (FKF) and adaptive FKF, which can improve the accuracy of the integrated navigation system.
Detecting safe operational regimes of synchronous motor‐generator pair for wind integration: A non‐linear perspective
Authors: Tanna Rajesh , Mohan Vivek , Ennappadam Ananthanarayanan Gopalakrishnan , Thirumala Karthik
Published: August 2023

In this article, the stability of a synchronous motor generator pair (SMGP) used for improving the inertia of grid‐connected renewable energy systems is investigated. The useful operational regime for different sets of system parameters is identified, such as electromagnetic torque, damping co‐efficient, and inertia by employing bifurcation analysis to detect stability boundaries. For the first time, the existence of bi‐stable regimes for the SMGP with non‐linear stability analysis is revealed. The authors' analysis unravels the possibility of the system getting transited to unsafe operation even when the system is in the linearly stable region. The existence of the bistable regime indicates the possibility of the system becoming unstable even when the eigenvalues are in the left half plane. The authors also identify globally stable and globally unstable regimes in the parameter space. The safe operating range of inertia and damping co‐efficient values helps in the design of a suitable MGP set that is robust to frequency deviations, even with a low inertia source. With the recommended values of electromagnetic torque, the authors' analysis provides a safe operational regime for power generation from renewable energy sources.
Sensitivity evaluation of miniature microstrip line‐based sensors using multiple sensing parameters for non‐invasive blood glucose monitoring
Authors: Afshari Nazanin , Hashemi Seyed Mohammad , Geran Fateme
Published: August 2023

A number of high‐sensitivity microwave sensors with compact resonators are designed, fabricated, and tested for non‐invasive blood glucose monitoring. In the first step, a split ring resonator (SRR)‐based sensor is designed, and then it’s sensing parameters, viz. the reflection coefficient magnitude and phase coupled with its input impedance, are extracted and calibrated by different glucose solutions. The results of this structure are subsequently saved as a reference sensor. During the second step, the swastika‐shaped and electric‐LC (ELC) geometries are substituted for the SRR to enhance the sensitivity of the reference sensor, and the sensing parameters of these structures, which are sensitive to the glucose solutions, are obtained. In the third step, the sensitivity of the three proposed designs is calculated and compared, using the reflection coefficient amplitude, phase, and input impedance. The comparisons typically demonstrate that the sensitivity of the swastika‐shaped structure is equal to 148.367 (Ω/mgmL−1) if the sensitivity is acquired from the imaginary part of the input impedance, which is better than the SRR and ELC geometries. On the contrary, the sensitivity of the SRR geometry is at a maximum and equal to 16.79 (deg/mgmL−1) if the sensitivity is calculated in terms of the reflection coefficient phase.
A beginner's guide to infrastructure‐less networking concepts
Authors: Förster Anna , Dede Jens , Könsgen Andreas , Kuladinithi Koojana , Kuppusamy Vishnupriya , Timm‐Giel Andreas , Udugama Asanga , Willig Andreas
Published: August 2023

Infrastructure‐less networks connect communication devices end‐to‐end by managing links and routes independent of fixed networking facilities, relying on dedicated protocols running on end‐user devices. The large variety of infrastructure‐less concepts and related aspects can be confusing both for beginning Ph.D. students as well as experienced researchers who wish to get an overview of neighbouring areas to their own research foci. Frequently discussed topics such as different types of sensor‐, vehicular‐, or opportunistic networks are covered. The authors describe different networking concepts by looking at aspects such as the main properties, common applications, and ongoing research. Furthermore, the concepts by common characteristics such as node mobility, network density, or power consumption are compared. The authors also discuss network performance evaluation by describing commonly used metrics, different evaluation techniques, and software tools for simulation‐based evaluation. The references given in each section help obtain in‐depth information about the presented topics and give hints about open research questions, which can be a starting point for own investigations.
Evaluating the impact of generative adversarial models on the performance of anomaly intrusion detection
Authors: Arafah Mohammad , Phillips Iain , Adnane Asma
Published: August 2023

With the increasing rate and types of cyber attacks against information systems and communication infrastructures, many tools are needed to detect and mitigate against such attacks, for example, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). Unfortunately, traditional Signature‐based IDSs (SIDSs) perform poorly against previously unseen adversarial attacks. Anomaly‐based IDSs (AIDSs) use Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) approaches to overcome these limitations. However, AIDS performance can be poor when trained on imbalanced datasets. To address the challenge of AIDS performance caused by these unbalanced training datasets, generative adversarial models are proposed to obtain adversarial attacks from one side and analyse their quality from another. According to extensive usage and reliability criteria for generative adversarial models in different disciplines, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Bidirectional GAN (BiGAN), and Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) are employed to serve AIDS. The authors have extensively assessed their abilities and robustness to deliver high‐quality attacks for AIDS. AIDSs are constructed, trained, and tuned based on these models to measure their impacts. The authors have employed two datasets: NSL‐KDD and CICIDS‐2017 for generalisation purposes, where ML and DL approaches are utilised to implement AIDSs. Their results show that the WGAN model outperformed GANs and BiGAN models in binary and multiclass classifications for both datasets.
Evaluation of antenna and relay scheme for cooperative non‐orthogonal multiple access
Authors: Balyan Vipin
Published: August 2023

An antenna selection followed by a relay selection scheme (ASRS) is proposed for cooperative non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)‐based network. The proposed work selects an antenna to maximise the instantaneous rate of poor channel condition users while providing good quality of services (QoS). The outage probability performance of the proposed scheme is plotted for different antenna configuration while varying the SNR and distance with variable number of antennas and available relays. The fairness factor of the proposed work is also discussed, considering three different density areas. The proposed scheme is compared with novel schemes in literature for average sum rate and average energy efficiency to show its superiority.
Cross layer protocol architecture for spectrum‐based routing in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Suseela R. Sri Uma , Murthy Korlapati Satyanarayana , Valiveti Hima Bindu , Akhtaruzzaman Mohammad
Published: August 2023

New cell phone services and apps consume more spectrum. Wireless spectrum allows services and apps to communicate with one another. Wi‐Fi quality is improved via smart spectrum usage and new CRT services. The use of spectrum is beneficial. Cross‐layer architecture improves the energy efficiency of wireless networks. System performance is improved by connecting protocol layers. Cross‐layer configuration does not introduce layer functionality into a network. By protecting networks, cross‐layer design increases communication. C‐LNRD uses self‐determined time slots to promote communication. Agents that collect information. At each level, the monitoring agent monitors traffic, time, and topology. Each layer of agents has its own database. Data is received by the network, MAC, and physical layers. Based on its measurements, each node grants trust. Routes were altered. PR ATTACK does not have RTS, CTS, or RREQ to reduce false positives. Spectrum allocation is improved via cognitive radio and learning technologies. Adaptive Cognitive Radio Networks are created using AI, GA, Fuzzy Logic, and Game Theory (ACRN). DSA creates high‐bandwidth MCRNs. This research looks at MCRNs in order to optimise spectrum usage, throughput, routing delay, and overhead. Multihop, the proposed approach by CRN takes into account spectrum awareness, quality route establishment, and route maintenance in the event that a connection fails due to spectrum or a node transfer. New strategies improve the cross‐layer network protocols of MCRN. Learners gain from spectrum models. Sensors and routers are linked by layers. The proposed routing improves both performance and spectrum use.
Depth comparison of common inductor and common capacitor passive current sharing methods for multiphase LLC converter
Authors: Sun Zhifeng , Wu Qunfang , Wang Qin , Xiao Lan , Ren Jiangli , Hui Xiao
Published: August 2023

Common inductor (CIM) and common capacitor (CCM) passive current‐sharing methods have the advantages of simple implementation and low cost. However, there is still a lack of detailed comparative research on the two methods, which makes researchers confused when choosing the two methods. To provide clear scheme guidance, this paper provides a detailed comparison of the performance of the two methods. Firstly, this paper reveals the difference between the current waveforms of the two methods, that is, the current waveform of the CIM method is distorted, while the CCM method is non‐distorted. Then, the mechanism of the above phenomenon is analysed in depth. Secondly, for comparing the current sharing performance of the two methods, the first harmonic approximation (FHA) equivalent circuit model considering parasitic parameters is established to obtain the system's current sharing error model, and the parameter sensitivity analysis is provided. Finally, the relationship between the current waveform, current sharing error, and load ripple of the two methods is discussed. Then, based on the two methods, a more attractive common resonate tanks (CRT) current‐sharing method is proposed. The correctness of the view in this paper has been verified by extensive simulations and experiment results.
Leveraging Large Language Models (LLM) for the Plastic Surgery Resident Training: Do They Have a Role?
Authors: Mohapatra Devi Prasad , Thiruvoth Friji Meethale , Tripathy Satyaswarup , Rajan Sheeja , Vathulya Madhubari , Lakshmi Palukuri , Singh Veena K. , Haq Ansar Ul
Published: August 2023

Introduction Large language models (LLMs) are designed for recognizing, summarizing, translating, predicting, and generating text-based content from knowledge gained from extensive data sets. ChatGPT4 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4) (OpenAI, San Francisco, California, United States) is a transformer-based LLM model pretrained on public data as well as data obtained from third-party sources using deep learning techniques of fine tuning and reinforcement learning from human feedback to predict the next text. We wanted to explore the role of LLM as a teaching assistant (TA) in plastic surgery.

Material and Methods TA roles were first identified in available literature, and based on the roles, a list of suitable tasks was created where LLM could be used to perform the task. Prompts designed to be fed in to the LLM (specifically ChatGPT) to generate appropriate output, were then created and fed to the ChatGPT model. The outputs generated were scored by evaluators and compared for interobserver agreement.

Results A final set of eight TA roles were identified where a LLM could be utilized to generate content. These contents were scored for usefulness and accuracy. These were scored independently by the eight study authors in a scoring sheet created for the study. Interobserver agreements for content accuracy, usefulness, and clarity were 100% for content generated for the following: interactive case studies (generation), simulation of preoperative consultations, and generation of ethical considerations.

Discussion LLMs in general and ChatGPT (on which this study is based) in specific, can generate answers to questions and prompts based on huge amount of text fed into the model for training the underlying language model. The answers generated have been found to be accurate, readable, and even indistinguishable from human-generated text. This capability of automated content synthesis can be exploited to generate summaries to text, answer short and long answers, and generate case scenarios. We could identify a few such scenarios where the LLM could in general be utilized to play the role of a TA and aid plastic surgery residents in particular. In addition, these models could also be used by students to obtain feedback and gain reflection which itself stimulates critical thinking.

Conclusion Incorporating LLMs into the educational arsenal of plastic surgery residency programs can provide a dynamic, interactive, and individualized learning experience for residents and prove to be worthy TAs of future.
Family psychological wealth, peer pressure, and corruption tendencies of adolescent students in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Iheanacho Rowland A. E. , Oyo-Ita Margaret E. , Ofoegbu Jude U. , Akpan Nsikan A.
Published: August 2023

The study investigated the relationship between family psychological wealth, peer pressure, and corruption tendencies of adolescent Senior Secondary Two (SS2) students in Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State, Nigeria. The influence of gender on the corruption tendencies of these adolescent students was also investigated. The sample was made up of 814 respondents from 22 public and private secondary schools in Calabar Metropolis. A questionnaire with the following title was the tool used to gather the data: “Family Psychological Wealth, Peer Pressure and Corruption Tendencies Questionnaire” (FPWPPCTQ). This was constructed by the researchers and validated by Educational Psychologists and experts in Test, Measurement, and Evaluation. The reliability coefficient obtained by using the Cronbach reliability coefficient method was 0.76. Three hypotheses were formulated to direct the study and were tested with the aid of the Mann–Whitney U-test and Spearman’s rank correlation. The outcome revealed a significant difference between the corruption tendencies of male and female students with male students showing a greater tendency towards corruption. A significant negative relationship was obtained between family psychological wealth and corruption tendencies among adolescent SS2 students in Calabar Metropolis. Peer pressure and students’ corruption tendencies were found to be significantly and positively correlated. Family psychological wealth could, therefore, be explored to check Nigeria’s endemic corruption which persists despite the establishment of anti-corruption institutions. Non-governmental organizations should be encouraged to empower the boy child through counselling, mentorship, and educational assistance to reduce their tendency to corruption.
Extended lifespan and improved genome stability in HepaRG-derived cell lines through reprogramming by high-density stress
Authors: Brun Charlotte , Allain Coralie , Ferron Pierre-Jean , Younoussa Haifaou , Colicchio Bruno , Jeandidier Eric , M’Kacher Radhia , Guguen-Guillouzo Christiane , Bertile Fabrice
Published: August 2023

The characteristics and fate of cancer cells partly depend on their environmental stiffness, i.e., the local mechanical cues they face. HepaRG progenitors are liver carcinoma cells exhibiting transdifferentiation properties; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To evaluate the impact of external physical forces mimicking the tumor microenvironment, we seeded them at very high density for 20 h, keeping the cells round and unanchored to the substrate. Applied without corticoids, spatial confinement due to very high density induced reprogramming of HepaRG cells into stable replicative stem-like cells after replating at normal density. Redifferentiation of these stem-like cells into cells very similar to the original HepaRG cells was then achieved using the same stress but in the presence of corticoids. This demonstrates that the cells retained the memory required to run the complete hepatic differentiation program, after bypassing the Hayflick limit twice. We show that physical stress improved chromosome quality and genomic stability, through greater efficiency of DNA repair and restoration of telomerase activity, thus enabling cells to escape progression to a more aggressive cancer state. We also show the primary importance of high-density seeding, possibly triggering compressive stress, in these processes, rather than that of cell roundness or intracellular tensional signals. The HepaRG-derived lines established here considerably extend the lifespan and availability of this surrogate cell system for mature human hepatocytes. External physical stress is a promising way to create a variety of cell lines, and it paves the way for the development of strategies to improve cancer prognosis.
Micromechanics-based understanding of the stability of film-like austenite in steels
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Bhandakkar Tanmay K. , Mishra Sushil K. , Gokhale Amol A.
Published: August 2023

Based on the carbon content and processing technique, the austenite morphology in steels can be either film-like or blocky. Experiments have shown that a film-like morphology of austenite shows a higher resistance to strain-induced martensitic transformation than its blocky counterpart. In the present work, using aspect ratio to distinguish austenite morphology, a micromechanical model is developed to show that the presence of an unfavourable stress field discourages the austenite to martensite transformation in film-like morphology, thereby lending its stable nature compared to the blocky version.
Marketing Analysis of Betta Fish (Betta sp.) Cultivation in Semarang City
Authors: Rahmatulloh Mohammad Rizkinanda , Elfitasari Tita , Windarto Seto
Published: August 2023

Semarang city is one of the cities in Indonesia which has quite developed ornamental fish potential, one of which is betta fish (Betta sp.). Betta fish or Betta sp (Betta splendens) is an ornamental fish commodity that is well known among Indonesian people. The characteristics of this ornamental fish it has a beautiful color and a tail fin that is long and also wide with a variety of shapes. Apart from its beauty, betta fish are easy to cultivate and can be a profitable business prospect. The aims of this research are to identify the marketing flow, marketing margin, and farmer’s share of betta fish cultivation in Semarang City. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with descriptive analysis. The data analyzed are marketing flow, marketing margin, and farmer’s share. Respondents were determined using 2 methods, namely purposive sampling, and snowball. The number of respondents were 5 people with details of 3 fish farmers, 1 trader, and 1 retailer. The results showed that there were 3 marketing channels for betta fish farming in Semarang city, from the three channels it was found that the most efficient marketing channel was marketing channel III with a marketing margin of 0 and a farmer’s share value of 100%.
Methods for addressing tidal floods in coastal cities: an overview
Authors: Murtiaji C , Irfani M , Fauzi I , Marta A S D , Sukmana C I , Wulandari D A
Published: August 2023

Coastal cities are prone to tidal floods because coastal cities are centers of economic activities, trades and services; in addition, there are residential and housing centers. In general, this kind of natural disaster has flooded the lower area, which greatly negative impacts on the health, lifestyle and socioeconomic life of the affected population in coastal cities. In the following decades, tidal floods will damage more than a hundred major coastal cities worldwide. This paper aims to examine the causes, effects and impacts of tidal floods as well as methods that have been taken globally by reviewing papers published in global indexed journals concerning the handling of tidal floods around the world. This study reveals three methods; the first is the hard solution method involving infrastructures such as dikes, sea walls, water storage and pumps (polder system). Then the second is the soft solution method related to social, cultural, and habitual methods, such as adaptation, encouraging local wisdom and collective action. While the third is the policy and management system solution method that implements integrated policies and flood management.
Reef fish community structure in gusung batu lampe, Muara Badak District, Kutai Kartanegara
Authors: Efendi Muchlis , Anggoro Sutrisno , Supriharyono  , Haeruddin  , Trianto Agus , Munasik  , Sabdaningsih Aninditia , Abdunnur
Published: August 2023

The existence of coral reefs in Muara Badak makes this ecosystem very attractive as an object of research, especially reef fish. The aim of this research is to determine the structure of the reef fish community in Gusung Batu Lampe, Muara Badak. A reef fish survey was carried out through scuba diving activities, using the video belt transect method at 10 points. The observed reef fish were identified to the genus level and community structure analysis was carried out in the form of diversity, uniformity, and dominancy indexes. The results showed that in total, 3.699 individuals were found consisting of 61 genera of fish from 23 families. The diversity index shows genera diversity, ecosystem stability, and productivity in high conditions. The uniformity index shows the distribution of individuals between each genera was moderately distributed and had no dominancy of particular genera.
Evaluation of Operator’s Competence to Operate and Maintain Farm Machines in Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Paman Ujang , Khairizal  , Sutriana Selvia , Zulhanafiah  , Pamungkas Andri Bayu
Published: August 2023

The operation of farm machinery requires an operator with better operational and technical skills to ensure efficient and effective use of the machinery. These competences are necessary to avoid breakdowns during field operations that can affect machine operating costs. This research aims to evaluate the operators’ competence in the operation and maintenance of farm machinery. Field surveys were conducted in three regencies of the Riau Province, namely Kampar, Indragiri Hulu, and Siak regencies. 63 machine operators were purposively selected and interviewed using structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the descriptive-quantitative technique. The type of farm machines operated by the operators in the province included two-wheel tractors, four-wheel tractors, water pumps, rice transplanters, power threshers, combine harvesters, and rice milling units. Most operators can operate more than one type of farm machine. The competency of most operators to repair farm machinery is very poor because of a lack of training. Most operators get skills in machine operators from self-learning and other operators (friends). Therefore, the results suggest that machine operators must be well-trained in operational and technical skills, especially in the excellent operation and proper maintenance of farm machines, to avoid machine damage during field operation.
Antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of senduduk leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) against staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Novelni Ringga , Yupelmi Mimi , Agustina Dina , Putri Noni Rahayu , Minerva Prima
Published: August 2023

The senduduk plant (Melastoma malabathricum L.) contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and terpenoids that are potent antibacterial and can be used for skin diseases caused by bacteria such as acne. This research aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of the senduduk leaves (EESL) against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. EESL is made by concentration variations of 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5%. Antibacterial activity testing is done with the agar well diffusion method using disc paper. The results of the antibacterial activity test of the EESL against S.aureus bacteria at a concentration of 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% have an inhibition zone diameter of 26.5 mm, 27.3 mm, and 30 mm, while against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes is 23.9 mm, 21.7 mm, and 30 mm. The results show that the EESL has antibacterial activity against S.aureus and P.acnes with a powerful inhibitory category. Statistical tests using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s test found that the variation of extract concentration had a significant effect (P<0.05) in inhibiting the activity of Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.