bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review on chemistry, source and therapeutic potential of lambertianic acid
Authors: Shahinozzaman Md , Islam Moutushi , Basak Bristy , Sultana Arifa , Emran Rashiduzzaman , Ashrafizadeh Milad , Islam A. T. M. Rafiqul
Published: April 2021

Lambertianic acid (LA) is a diterpene bioactive compound mainly purified from different species of Pinus. It is an optical isomer of another natural compound daniellic acid and was firstly purified from Pinus lambertiana. LA can be synthesized in laboratory from podocarpic acid. It has been reported to have potential health benefits in attenuating obesity, allergies and different cancers including breast, liver, lung and prostate cancer. It exhibits anticancer properties through inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and survival, and inducing apoptosis, targeting major signalling components including AKT, AMPK, NFkB, COX-2, STAT3, etc. Most of the studies with LA were done using in vitro models, thus warranting future investigations with animal models to evaluate its pharmacological effects such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects as well as to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and toxicological profile. This review describes the chemistry, source, purification and therapeutic potentials of LA and it can therefore be a suitable guideline for any future study with LA.
Análisis del consumidor en redes sociales y su percepción de las marcas
Authors: Fernández De Bordóns Beatriz , Niño González José Ignacio
Published: April 2021

El uso de las redes sociales ha proliferado en los últimos años. Aunque es un fenómeno social muy reciente cada vez hay más tipologías de redes que se utilizan con distintos fines. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de los resultados de varias investigaciones realizadas en torno a este fenómeno social y, en particular, su situación en España. Para situar el contexto se recoge una retrospectiva histórica desde sus orígenes en Estados Unidos a finales del siglo pasado hasta la actualidad. El estudio comienza por una referencia sectorial del “Estudio Anual sobre Redes Sociales 2019” realizado por IAB Spain. Estos resultados se comparan con los obtenidos de la investigación sobre redes sociales realizada por Publicis Media para entender los hábitos del consumidor en este entorno “Descubriendo las Redes Sociales: Mapa de Consumo y uso en España 2019”. Se valoran los resultados de ambas investigaciones y se analizan las tendencias en el uso de las Redes Sociales con un estudio en profundidad sobre las plataformas sociales de mayor uso en España: Youtube, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp y Twitter. Aunque las redes sociales se perciben como plataformas dirigidas jóvenes, se demostrará cómo hay un consumo muy elevado en los perfiles denominados perenials, que responden a un perfil comportamental o actitudinal más que sociodemográfico. Para finalizar este análisis, se realiza un foco sobre la publicidad en Redes Sociales, analizando la percepción de los usuarios y el comportamiento de las marcas según se recoge en el “VII Observatorio de las Marcas en Redes Sociales” publicado en 2019 por IAB Spain.
Schoology: plataforma web capaz de mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el nivel educativo superior
Authors: Salas-Rueda Ricardo-Adán , Jiménez-Bandala Carlos-Alberto , Alvarado-Zamorano Clara
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa es analizar el impacto de Schoology en la asignatura Taller de Investigación, durante la creación de un artículo científico considerando la ciencia de datos. Schoology es una plataforma web gratuita que permite la creación y difusión de los contenidos de los cursos, el diseño de las lecciones, la comunicación entre los participantes y la evaluación de las actividades escolares. La muestra está compuesta por 27 estudiantes que cursaron las Licenciaturas en Administración, Comercio, Contaduría y Mercadotecnia en una universidad privada de la Ciudad de México durante el ciclo escolar 2017. Los resultados del aprendizaje automático (regresión lineal) indican que la facilidad de uso y la interacción en esta plataforma influyen positivamente la comunicación, la colaboración y el rol activo de los estudiantes, durante la creación del artículo científico. La ciencia de datos identifica 6 modelos predictivos sobre el uso de Schoology en el campo educativo. El enfoque cualitativo indica que sus foros de discusión tienen un papel fundamental durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Además, las ventajas de Schoology son la entrega de las tareas en la plataforma, realización de evaluaciones online y consulta de la información de los cursos en cualquier momento y lugar. Por último, los docentes tienen la oportunidad de construir nuevos espacios virtuales educativos por medio de Schoology.
Dimensiones motivacionales en Facebook en estudiantes y trabajadores universitarios del Ecuador
Authors: Jiménez-Sánchez Álvaro , Vayas Ruiz Eliza Carolina
Published: April 2021

Conocer los usos y gratificaciones que los individuos hacen de Facebook es importante para saber por qué la utilizan y cómo debería proceder el marketing empresarial. Esta investigación se centra en analizar las posibles dimensiones motivacionales y su relación con la satisfacción y uso de la plataforma. Se suministró un cuestionario a 214 estudiantes de 7 carreras distintas y 50 trabajadores de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato (Ecuador). El análisis factorial y correlacional mostraron diversos componentes en función de la edad, así como relaciones con el grado de satisfacción o el tiempo de conexión. Los resultados indicaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los usos que hacen los estudiantes en comparación con los trabajadores, así como también discrepancias en función del género y la edad. Las conclusiones conducen a un estudio más profundo y longitudinal de la plataforma, proponiendo nuevas vías de investigación, así como diferentes reflexiones sobre los usos y repercusiones que este sitio de red social tiene cada día en la vida de millones de personas.
La comunicación de la sostenibilidad como herramienta de ventas y de cambio social: fast fashion vs slow fashion
Authors: Cristófol Rodríguez Carmen , Mcquillan Kalem , Segarra-Saaavedra Jesús
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación pretende acercar al lector el concepto de sostenibilidad y su evolución en la industria textil. Se hace especial énfasis en conocer las diferencias entre el fast fashiony el slow fashiony el uso del argumento de la sostenibilidad en redes sociales como herramienta de ventas y/o de cambio social. Las cuatro empresas de moda sobre las que se realiza la investigación son Zara, HM, Patagonia y Ecoalf. Esta investigación exploratoria analiza el contenido de las publicaciones de Instagram durante el mes de noviembre de 2019, período que coincide con la celebración anual de Black Fridayy el mayor movimiento a nivel mundial contra el cambio climático hasta entonces ocurrido. El objetivo es identificar la comunicación de las acciones sostenibles que ponen en práctica estas marcas y cómo tratan de concienciar y transmitir a sus seguidores. Además se realizan dos entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales de Patagonia y Ecoalf, las dos empresas de slow fashion escogidas para esta investigación. Se concluye que Zara y HM utilizan la comunicación de la sostenibilidad como herramienta de ventas. No obstante, si se mira desde una perspectiva global, sigue siendo positivo ya que ayuda a dar visibilidad al problema y a educar y sensibilizar a los consumidores a nivel internacional.
Prefrontal Responses during Proactive and Reactive Inhibition Are Differentially Impacted by Stress in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Westwater Margaret L. , Mancini Flavia , Gorka Adam X. , Shapleske Jane , Serfontein Jaco , Grillon Christian , Ernst Monique , Ziauddeen Hisham , Fletcher Paul C.
Published: April 2021

Binge eating is a distressing, transdiagnostic eating disorder symptom associated with impulsivity, particularly in negative mood states. Neuroimaging studies of bulimia nervosa (BN) report reduced activity in frontostriatal regions implicated in self-regulatory control, and an influential theory posits that binge eating results from self-regulation failures under stress. However, there is no direct evidence that psychological stress impairs self-regulation in binge-eating disorders, or that any such self-regulatory deficits generalize to binge eating in underweight individuals (i.e., anorexia nervosa bingeing/purging subtype; AN-BP). We therefore determined the effect of acute stress on inhibitory control in 85 women (BN, 33 women; AN-BP, 22 women; 30 control participants). Participants underwent repeated functional MRI scanning during performance of the Stop-signal anticipation task, a validated measure of proactive (i.e., anticipation of stopping) and reactive (outright stopping) inhibition. Neural and behavioral responses to induced stress and a control task were evaluated on 2 consecutive days. Women with BN had reduced proactive inhibition, while prefrontal responses were increased in both AN-BP and BN. Reactive inhibition was neurally and behaviorally intact in both diagnostic groups. Both AN-BP and BN groups showed distinct stress-induced changes in inferior and superior frontal activity during both proactive and reactive inhibition. However, task performance was unaffected by stress. These results offer novel evidence of reduced proactive inhibition in BN, yet inhibitory control deficits did not generalize to AN-BP. Our findings identify intriguing alterations of stress responses and inhibitory function associated with binge eating, but they counsel against stress-induced failures of inhibitory control as a comprehensive explanation for loss-of-control eating.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBinge eating is a common psychiatric syndrome that feels uncontrollable to the sufferer. Theoretically, it has been related to reduced self-regulation under stress, but there remains no direct evidence for this link in binge-eating disorders. Here, we examined how experimentally induced stress affected response inhibition in control participants and women with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Participants underwent repeated brain scanning under stressful and neutral conditions. Although patient groups had intact action cancellation, the slowing of motor responses was impaired in bulimia nervosa, even when the likelihood of having to stop increased. Stress altered brain responses for both forms of inhibition in both groups, yet performance remained unimpaired. These findings counsel against a simple model of stress-induced disinhibition as an adequate explanation for binge eating.
Practice of Implementation of Health Education in Schools of the Republic of Poland
Authors: Slyvka Larysa
Published: April 2021

The article substantiates the urgency of the problem of health promotion through education and upbringing. The increased attention of scientists to the problems of the theory and practice of health pedagogy is revealed, the vectors of scientific researches in this sphere are determined. The need to use the positive elements of the experience of foreign countries in the theory and practice of domestic health education is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to highlight the content and some forms of implementation of health-oriented educational programs in the educational process of schools in the Republic of Poland. The research methods were aimed at describing the legislative basis of health care activities in Polish schools; analyzed a number of legislative documents of the Republic of Poland on health of children and youth – “National Health Program” (1990), the Law “On Education” (1991), the Law “On Physical Culture” (1996), the Law “On Reform Education System” (1999), Order of the Minister of National Education “On the Basic Curriculum of Preschool and General Education” (2008). The most important strategies and tactics of this process in this country are highlighted. A variety of methodological approaches have been used to provide the most objective and holistic view of the research problem. The analysis of health-preserving activity of 10 schools of the Republic of Poland is carried out: kindergarten-schools № 7 of Krakow, state primary school named after St. Kinga in Zhegochyn, state primary school № 11 named after Lviv Eagles in Opole, association of schools with integration departments (primary school № 13 and gymnasium № 3) in Myslowice, association of schools № 2 named after John Paul II in the village of Nazzym, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, primary school № 10 in Tarnowskie Gory, primary school in Nivka, primary school № 42 named after Stanisław Staszyc in Łód, primary school № 23 named after John Paul II in Rzeszów, primary school № 20 in Katowice. The diversity of health-oriented educational influences has been revealed. The author presents the content and forms of implementation of the following programs in schools: “My child goes to school”, “A glass of milk”, “Keep fit”, the National AIDS Program and HIV prevention, “Clean air around us”, “Fruit and vegetables at school”, “Healthy eating and physical activity in schools”, “Don't fall for me, please”. The author offers prospects for further research - a comparison of practical and methodological aspects of solving the problem of health of a growing individual in secondary schools in Poland and Ukraine.
Criterial Device of Studying the Forming State of Partnership Relations Between Teenagers in Secondary Education Environment
Authors: Cimsit Inna
Published: April 2021

The article summarizes scientific approaches and presents the classification of components, criteria indicators and levels of forming partnerships between teenagers. Within the framework of the given classification, three components of forming teenagers partnerships are studied, namely, motivational-value component, which corresponds to the axiological criterion, cognitive component, which is determined by operational-cognitive criterion, and activity component, which is characterized by behavioral-activity criterion. For each of the criteria there were identified corresponding indicators and levels. It is proved that axiological criterion in this area includes the following indicators: the indicators based on the development of forming teenager partnership through activating motivational and value interests and needs of an individual; the indicators defined in the context of focus on social responsibility of teenagers, which are conditioned by partnership. It is established that among the indicators related to the operational-cognitive criterion in this area include: the indicators based on selecting their elements particularly for the specified age group (age determining approach); the indicators based on elements of awareness and perception; the indicators defined in the context of reference to the constructive results of forming knowledge and skills from the partnership relations between teenagers (constructivist approach). The indicators of the mentioned category are formed by the emphasis on the attributive approach to educational activities. It is determined that the indicators of the behavioral criterion include: focus on joint participation in partnerships through the possibility of implementing certain joint partnership activities (actions); emphasized on efficiency, effectiveness and synergy. The structure and the content of this classification considers the main scientific approaches in the denoted area, providing for the universalization of modern scientific thought, since it takes into account most of the views and features of these structural components of the teenagers partnership. The points of the given  classification can be used for creating methodological support for evaluating this issue. Therefore, the indicators and levels identified in the study can act as assessments. It is established that the defined features of the specified components criteria and indicators as well as their levels correspond to the features of the studied age group of teenagers of school educational environment.
Use of Means of Ukrainian Folk Pedagogy in Formation of Moral and Ethical Concepts in Extracurricular Educational Work
Authors: Kopchuk-Kashetska Mariia
Published: April 2021

The article identifies the peculiarities of the formation of moral and ethical concepts of students in extracurricular activities. In particular, positive influence of means of Ukrainian folk pedagogy on the education of moral qualities of students is revealed. Folk-pedagogical methods of stimulation, encouragement, motivation of children, and correction of their behavior are outlined. The process of formation and development of desirable moral qualities in children takes place in a close relationship between learning and education, as it is impossible, in the educational process to aim at the formation of some moral and ethical values, and in extracurricular educational work – others. The effectiveness of the process of moral and ethical education of children largely depends on the purpose and those educational tasks set by the teacher (educator), pedagogical tools and forms of organization of the pedagogical process, the principles of systematic and pedagogical cooperation of school and family in solving this problem. It proved to be a great loss to neglect the achievements of folk pedagogy, especially when it comes to raising the level of morality of schoolchildren. Two directions: cognitive and applied are carried out in the process of formation of moral and ethical concepts of education of students in extracurricular educational work, as well as in educational activities. This means that students, in addition to mastering and deepening theoretical knowledge, have opportunities for their practical application.
Formation of Social and Legal Competencies of Future Social Workers in the Process of Preparation to Work with Young Families
Authors: Mykhailyshyn Halyna , Dovha Miroslava
Published: April 2021

The problem of professional training of future social workers in the context of formation of necessary knowledge, skills and abilities is actualized in the article. The views of scientists on the content of the notions of competency, competences and professional competency of social workers are considered. The author's definitions of “competency”, “competences”, “professional competency” and “social and legal competency” are also suggested. Professional competency is the formation of various components, a system of certain components and personality and psychological properties of the individual, which includes knowledge, skills, abilities, personal characteristics and organizational and pedagogical conditions for training future specialists. The main components of socio-legal competencies are identified: cognitive, activity-operative, motivational, personal and instrumental. It also identifies the types of social and legal knowledge that future social workers will receive in the course of their professional training and the skills and abilities of their professional activity. Knowledge of social and legal activity for work with young families was divided into types by the following criteria: socio-legal knowledge in the fields of law, socio-legal knowledge obtained by the degree of their hierarchy in legislation, socio-legal knowledge of the degree of formation, social and legal knowledge on the degree of use of the acquired information. In addition, the acquired knowledge and skills of social and legal activity, which is an activity-operational component of social and legal competency, are accordingly formed in relation to the acquired social and legal knowledge: individual organizational skills, skills and abilities in forecasting and design work, skills and counseling skills.
An instrumental component of the formation of complex knowledge of social and legal activity is suggested where social design as a modern progressive tool for overcoming social problems in dealing with young families was highlighted. A social project called “Education for a Young Family” was developed. It is proved that without all the components, social and legal activity will not be fully implemented and social and legal competency will be impossible to develop.
Training of Engineer-Technical Specialists: Gender Stereotypes in the Professional Sphere
Authors: Palahniuk Mykhailo
Published: April 2021

The article highlights the urgency of the problem of training engineering and technical professionals, taking into account the development of technology and social challenges of the market economy. Emphasis is placed on the need to ensure gender equality in the choice of engineering professions, equal opportunities for men and women. The essence of the concepts: “gender”, “gender pedagogy”, “gender culture”, “gender socialization”, “gender stereotypes”, “gender competence”, “gender education”, “gender inequality”, “gender roles” and others are substantiated. It is determined that gender studies are of great interest for pedagogical and psychological science, as they relate to the gender-role socialization of a person, his/her personal and professional development. The results of an empirical study on gender stereotypes in occupational choice among students of Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas are presented (110 people took part in the survey). It has been revealed that gender is not the prerogative of many young people in engineering profession choice, however, such stereotypes still exist in the society. It was proven that for future professionals in this field, gender discrimination took place in their lives (28.4% of respondents) and it is mostly female who acquire technical professions. One third of students (32%) admitted that they had faced cases of unequal wages to men and women. It has been proven that negative gender stereotypes are more subjective than objective, which gives hope for a fundamental possibility of overcoming them in the training of specialists at the Technical University.
Professional Training of Primary School Teacher to Organize Dialogic Learning for Students: Theoretical Context
Authors: Fomin Kateryna
Published: April 2021

The urgency of the problem of future primary school teacher training for dialogic learning of students taking into account modern challenges of globalization and digitalization of education is substantiated. The contradictions taking place in the practice of professional training in pedagogical universities are emphasized. The theoretical aspect of the outlined problem is highlighted. The characteristics of the content of the following concepts are given: dialogic learning, educational dialogue, dialogic communication, pedagogical communication, the teacher’s communication culture, communication etiquette, etc. The components of teachers’ pedagogical skills as personal and professional factors of successful organization of dialogic learning in school are presented. It is proved that the organization of dialogic learning at school requires the formation of a teacher's system of skills, namely: to organize and manage the dialogic process in learning; create a positive communicative atmosphere for the exchange of thoughts and ideas; pedagogically expedient to stimulate communication between students; apply advanced dialogic learning technologies; motivate students to create or solve educational tasks using productive dialogue; effectively use means of verbal and nonverbal communication; make emotional contact and listen to the interlocutor, etc. The strategy of communicative approach in the educational process of the pedagogical university is widespread, first of all as for humanities. The author notes that the readiness of future primary school teachers to organize a productive educational dialogue is determined not only by the level of development of communicative abilities and skills, but also other personal traits: intellectual qualities, motivation for teaching, love for children, emotional balance, empathy, tolerance, professional responsibility, high level of moral culture, readiness for innovative activity, desire for self-improvement and self-education, etc.
The author's material from the dissertation “Training of primary school teachers to organize dialogic learning” for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (2020) is partially used in the article.
Class-Discussion as an Effective Form of Study Internal Medicine
Authors: Yatsyshyn Roman , Cherniuk Nataliia , Gerych Petro , Drogomeretska Oksana , Kuryliv Halyna
Published: April 2021

In order to improve the quality of studying of fourth-year students of the Medical Faculty and the Foreign Citizens Training Faculty, as well as to intensify the educational process at the Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Allergology of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University a modern class-discussion was introduced. For a successful discussion a clear organization of the class has been proposed. It implies careful planning, clear implementation of the rules of the discussion by all its participants, compliance with certain regulations. The class-discussion consists of the following main stages: entrance testing by QR-code for quick assessment of the level of knowledge and obtaining rating indicators from individual sections of the discipline; short summary multimedia presentation on modern methods of diagnosis and principles of treatment of the diseases of a certain profile; application of the elements of role-play (simulation): students’ role-playing of the patient, family doctor, laboratory doctor, doctor of functional diagnostics, doctor-specialist, the head of the hospital with the subsequent modeling of various clinical situations. Thus, the class-discussion in the proposed form with elements of interactive learning is a versatile type of practical lesson, which increases students' ability to think analytically; develops research, communication, heuristic, and leadership skills as well as the ability to make informed decisions about the patient's further clinical route. It contributes to the consolidation and integrated application of the knowledge obtained during the study of the discipline.
Is physical training important for women with polycystic ovary syndrome?
Authors: Ribeiro Victor Barbosa , Reis Rafael de Menezes , Kogure Gislaine Satyko , Zecchin-Oliveira Arthur M , Hahns Júnior Higino Carlos
Published: April 2021

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder 5 to 16% present in of women of reproductive age, which can suffer alterations in reproductive, cardiometabolic, hormonal and cardiovascular functions that can culminate in the development of other diseases. One of the treatments consists of improving life habits like physical exercise practice. Systematic reviews and studies in recent years have pointed out that the training protocols performed on women with PCOS were mostly conducted without control, randomization and personalization for this disease. Thus, the present study aims to investigate Pubmed database on the last year (between 05/31/2019 and 05/31/2020) if there are recent publications of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigate the effects of physical training in women with PCOS.
SUPPRESSION OF AFLATOXINS PRODUCTION IN ARTIFICIALLY INFESTED MAIZE GRAINS WITH ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS DURING STORAGE CONDITIONS
Authors: Abd Elfatah Sally Ibrahim , Abdel-Kader M.M. , El-Mougy N.S. , Soliman K.M.
Published: April 2021

Maize is the one of important crops in Egypt. Aflatoxins (AFs) are the foremost cancer present compounds by Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and cause health risks to human and animals. This study aimed to suppression of aflatoxins production by A. flavus by using different concentrations of natural substances (carnation oil, lemongrass oil, propolis and beewax) and chemical substances (salicylic acid and potassium sorbate) on maize grains. The strains of A. flavus were isolated from local maize grains on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and detect its ability of aflatoxins production on coconut agar media. Samples (100g) of sterilized maize grains were treated individually with different concentration of carnation oil, lemongrass oil, salicylic acid and potassium sorbate (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0%) and at concentration 1% and 4% for propolis and beeswax each, then inoculated with A. flavus and stored for 30 days at 28±2˚C. AFs reduction was determined by using High Performance liquid Chromatography (HPLC). All the tested substances had active effect in inhibition of AFs production by A. flavus in stored maize grains. The production of Aflatoxin B1 and B2 (AFB1 and AFB2) was decreased to about 93% and 99% at concentration of 0.25% carnation oil. Lemongrass oil almost completely inhibited AFB1and AFB2 production (99.12% - 99.98% and 99.98% -99.99%, respectively) at concentration of 2% - 6%. Potassium sorbate and salicylic acid (0.25%- 6%) that were significantly effective controlling aflatoxins production on maize grains compared with control. While, the propolis and beewax found to be the most active to protect maize grains against fungi. Natural substances, carnation oil, lemongrass oil, beewax and propolis had higher active effect at low concentration on aflatoxin production more than salicylic acid and more safe for human used.
PHENOLIC COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ZIZYPHUS LOTUS L. AND RUTA CHALEPENSIS L. GROWING IN MASCARA (WESTERN ALGERIA)
Authors: Bekkar Nour El Houda , Meddah Boumediene , Cakmak Yavuz Selim , Keskin Bahadir
Published: April 2021

In this study, the phenolic composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Zizyphus lotus and Ruta chalepensis collected from Mascara-Western Algeria were investigated. The total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents in the methanolic (Me.E) and aqueous (Aq.E) extracts were measured using colorimetric methods. Polyphenolic profiles were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while the antioxidant effect was determined by DPPH* radical scavenging assays. The antimicrobial activity was estimated using agar disc diffusion and microdilution methods.  The results showed that total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins were significantly higher (p <0.05) in Z. lotus extracts when compared with R. chalepensis. The major phenolic compound detected in Z. lotus was benzoic acid (1333.59 µg/g DE), while the hydroxybenzoic acid (56.60 µg/g DE), chlorogenic acid (44.60 µg/g DE), epicatechin (38.80 µg/g DE), catechin (26.30 µg/g DE) and gallic acid (13.22 µg/g DE) were the major compounds in R. chalepensis. Both plants were determined to be effective antioxidants regarding their lower IC50 values of 0.146 mg/mL for Z. lotus Me.E and 0.206 mg/mL for R. chalepensis Aq.E. Results demonstrated that Me.E of Z. lotus and R. chalepensis were  more active against S. enterica ssp arizonae, while the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration was recorded against H. alvei using Z. lotus aqueous extract (25 mg/mL). An important anti-Candida activity was also determined. These results suggest the most efficiency of both plants, in the treatment of various human infections, regarding their potential on bioactive molecules with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Stevia rebaudiana LEAF EXTRACT REDUCES BLOOD GLUCOSE AND VISCERAL FAT ACCUMULATION IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE
Authors: Matias Froilan Bernard Reyes , Castro Darlene Fe , Bernardo Niño John Lentenee C.
Published: April 2021

Diabetes is a major global epidemic currently affecting millions of people. Unfortunately, the present pharmacological approach for the management of this serious disease has still a lot of rooms for improvement and innovation, which behooves the exploration of newer and safer agents. S. rebaudiana has emerged as a natural non-caloric sweetener and it is reported to have several health benefits including its antidiabetic effects.  Thus, an in-depth investigation of this plant is needed in order to elucidate further its antidiabetic properties and its influence on the histological integrity of the major organs involved in carbohydrate metabolism.
Inbred ICR mice (n=36) were randomly into six groups – one group served as the negative control while other five groups were given intraperitoneally with alloxan to induce diabetes and divided into the following groups: positive control (untreated group), glibenclamide (0.2mg/20g) treated, and 100%, 60%, and 10% stevia leaf extract treated, respectively. The experiment was conducted for two weeks where the treatments were orally given once a day and the following were evaluated: changes in body weight, fasting blood sugar (fBGL), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and gross and microscopic changes in the pancreas, liver, and kidney.
Results showed that though stevia has no effect on the reduction of body weight, the different concentrations have comparable effects with glibenclamide in fBGL and OGTT. Furthermore, the different concentrations of stevia leaf extracts showed lesser visceral fat accumulation grossly, and lesser cellular degradation, microscopically.
CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID-ENRICHED DAIRY PRODUCTS: A REVIEW
Authors: Ivanova Mihaela
Published: April 2021

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a family of more than 28 isomers of linoleic acid wherein the isomers cis-9, trans-11 (rumenic acid) and trans-10, cis-12 are the most abundant. It  is associated with a number of potential health benefits for human organism. Many foods are a good source of it but it is mosty found in meat and dairy products, derived from ruminants. Dairy products contain CLA in different amounts. The enrichment of these products with CLA is appropriate given the lower CLA content in these products in comparison with the recommended health intake. Modification of CLA concentration can be done by specific animal feeding and diet modification, by direct CLA supplementation in the form of oils or by addition of specific starter culture. The influence of technological treatments on the stability of the final product during storage and maturation is still not completely elucidated. There is a need for further studies on the physiological effects of CLA isomers on humans. The purpose of this review is to summarize the possibilities for increasing CLA content in milk and dairy products and to determine the possible effects of this enrichment on product stability – sensory, chemical, microbiological profile, shelf life and potential health effects of the obtained products.
EFFECT OF DIETARY RED GRAPE POMACE ON LIPID OXIDATION IN MEAT OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Jurčaga Lukáš , Bobko Marek , Haščík Peter , Bobková Alica , Demianová Alžbeta , Belej Ľubomír , Kročko Miroslav
Published: April 2021

Grape pomace is a by-product of grape processing and represents a major waste issue. One of the possible methods of revalorization of this agriculture waste is to incorporate red grape pomace into the feed mixture of poultry e.g. broiler chickens. The rich content of polyphenols in red grape pomace is reported to have a positive protective effect against lipid oxidation in several types of meat and products. In our study, we incorporate red grape pomace into the diet of observed Ross 308 broiler chickens. Tested chickens were divided into 4 groups. One control group without any addition of pomace, and another three groups with the addition of 1, 2, and 3 %. After 42 days chickens were slaughtered and tested. To evaluate the process of lipid oxidation we used measurement of malonaldehyde (MDA) presented in samples of breast and thigh meat. MDA measurement was carried out on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day of meat storage at 4 °C. However, our study did not prove any significant difference among the control group without red grape pomace and the other three experimental groups. We can see a slight decrease in MDA created during the storage process but not with statistically provable results. The repetition of the experiment with some adjustment is highly anticipated.
El autorreconocimiento étnico como determinante en la satisfacción laboral: Un estudio empírico para Santiago de Cali, 2013.
Authors: Castro-Aristizabal Geovanny , Camacho Jiménez Diana Constanza , Prado Flórez Jeinson Fabián
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo se analiza si el autorreconocimiento  étnico es un determinante sobre la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, también se evalúa la incidencia de otras variables demográficas y de características del empleo. Se estiman un modelo logit ordenado y un probit ordenado a partir del a Encuesta de Empleo y Calidad de Vida –EECV– para el Municipio de Santiago de Cali, realizada por el Ministerio de Trabajo y la Alcaldía de Santiago de Cali, en el periodo Noviembre 2012 a Enero 2013. Los resultados muestran que considerarse afrodescendiente no incide significativamente sobre sentirse o no satisfecho con el empleo, sin embargo, cuando se evalúa la variable raza de manera conjunta (incluyendo todos los grupos étnicos) esta variable influye en la satisfacción laboral. Igualmente, se evidencia que factores como la edad, el estrato, el estado civil, el medio de transporte para ir al trabajo y la calidad del empleo son determinantes en el nivel de satisfacción que un caleño siente con su empleo.
The Cities along the Syr Darya in 11th–13th cc.: Jand and Sïghnaq between the Cuman-Qïpchaqs and the Khwārazmshāhs Anushteginids*
Authors: Golev Konstantin
Published: April 2021

The article examines the relations between the Central Asian Cuman-Qïpchaq tribes and two of the most important cities along the Syr Darya, Jand and Sïghnaq for the entire period of Cuman-Qïpchaq domination over the steppes of Western Eurasia (mid-11th – ﬁrst decades of the 13th c.). During most of this period the nomads had to deal and often to ﬁght with the Khwārazmshāhs Anushteginids for inﬂuence over the strategic settlements of the Syr Darya region. On the basis of various written sources, the paper offers a detailed proﬁle of this protracted and controversial coexistence.
Mirroring Timurid Central Asia in Maps: Some Remarks on Knowledge of Central Asia in Ming Geographical Documents*
Authors: Yihao Qiu
Published: April 2021

Through the analysis of three Ming Chinese geographical documents which were depicted during the early sixteenth-century, this article contributes a case study on the geographical knowledge of the Timurid Central Asia in Ming Chinese documents. The article argues, according to abundant geographical information oﬀered by these documents, we can reconstruct the active network of transnational routes that connected the Ming Empire and Timurid Central Asia. Furthermore, these documents provide the highly convincing proof that the knowledge of the Ming court to its contemporary Eurasian competitors was continuously renewed.
Transisi Penggolongan Ganja dalam Perjanjian Pengendalian Narkoba PBB : Langkah Legalisasi
Authors: Dewi Nevy Rusmarina , Khofifah Melina Nurul
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tentang perubahan status ganja atau merijuana yang sebelumnya dikategorikan sebagai zat psikotropika berbahaya dan sangat dibatasi menjadi lebih tidak berbahaya. Dengan adanya desakan dari berbagai pihak dan peningkatan penggunaan ganja dalam bidang medis mendorong WHO untuk mengubah sikapnya terhadap ganja. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian menggunakan kata-kata deskriptif dan argumentatif untuk menjelaskan suatu fenomena. Sedangkan sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Berasal dari studi pustaka yang diambil dari buku, jurnal, dan media daring seperti website. Dari hasil penelitian, didapati bahwa pelegalan ganja telah didukung lebih dari setengah negara yang tergabung dalam komite. Meskipun ganja telah dilegalkan, namun PBB tidak serta merta membebaskan peredaran ganja, sebab masih ada aturan dari perjanjian pengendalian narkoba yang tetap diperhatikan. Status ganja bukan dilegalkan sepenuhnya, tapi dipindah ke Golongan II
A tensão entre o conservadorismo e as aspirações à transformação social no protestantismo brasileiro. Em diálogo com a análise das raízes calvinistas no protestantismo alemão e norte-americano por Paul Tillich
Authors: Higuet Etienne Alfred
Published: April 2021

O artigo pretende mostrar, a partir de análises de Tillich, que as raízes calvinistas do protestantismo norte-americano se transmitiram ao protestantismo brasileiro e induzem até hoje uma tensão permanente entre o conservadorismo e as aspirações à transformação social. Pois, encontramos no protestantismo brasileiro os mesmos contrastes que no calvinismo em geral e anglo-saxão em particular. O resultado pode ser tanto um abstencionismo político quanto uma participação em vista de conquistar um espaço social e econômico para as comunidades evangélicas, ou ainda uma crítica radical do sistema econômico e social e um engajamento em vista de uma transformação profunda e até revolucionária. O texto procura mostrar isso através de um breve panorama histórico e atual do protestantismo brasileiro e de alguns exemplos significativos.
Decree of the King of Prussia “On the Election of Deputies of the Second Chamber” of May 30, 1849: The Normative Content and Implementation Practice
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Bokov Yuri
Published: April 2021

during the elections of deputies of the Prussian Landtag in 1849-1918. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the content and practice of the implementation of Decree of the King of Prussia “On the Election of Deputies of the Second Chamber” of May 30, 1849. Results: the paper examines not only the original version of Decree of the King of Prussia of May 30, 1849, but also the texts of all the amendments that were made to this normative act. The important attention is paid to the scientific consideration of the implementation of the legal norms and their impact on the electoral behavior. Conclusions: Decree of the King of Prussia “On the Election of Deputies of the Second Chamber” of May 30, 1849 was in effect until the cancellation of Order “On Elections to the Constitutional Landtag of the Prussian State” of December 21, 1918. By the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century, the majority of the population was actively demanding the liberalization of electoral law. The sporadic amendments did not fundamentally change the provisions of the text of the normative act. The right to vote was unequal: the voters were divided into three classes, taking into account the amount of taxes paid. The election was indirect. The regulation allowed the minority (taxpayers belonging to the first and second class), in contrast to the majority (taxpayers of the third class), to elect several times more electors. The deputies of the Landtag elected by the electors ensured the realization of the interests of the mostly wealthy citizens and minimally took into account the needs of the third-class voters. The representatives of the third class, in comparison with the first and second, participated least in the elections, since they were not motivated by the possible result, on the contrary, they were confirmed in the idea that their vote did not matter. The electoral system, based on the norms of Decree of the King of Prussia “On the Election of Deputies of the Second Chamber” of May 30, 1849, contributed to an increase in the level of absenteeism among the third-class voters.
Obvious and not Obvious in Witness Immunity (The Experience of the Comparative Legal Analysis)
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Tarasov Alexander
Published: April 2021

Introduction: witness immunity – that is, the right of certain categories of persons to give testimony about some of the known circumstances, is a penal institution, objectively associated with the whole complex of problems of the criminal justice system – its participants, the proof in criminal cases, the right to protection and qualified legal assistance, etc. The historical and comparative legal analysis of the legislative consolidation of witness immunity opens up new opportunities for the study of this whole complex of theoretical and practical problems. The aim is to determine the best ways to improve its legal definition and implementation practice based on the analysis of different legislative formulations on witness immunity. The main research methods are the methods of comparative law, historicism and system-structural analysis. Results: the trends in the development of the legal definition of witness immunity in the domestic legislation, the similarities and differences in the solution of similar issues in the legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany, the relationship of both with the socio-economic and political processes in both states are revealed. Conclusions: 1) witness immunity as a social and legal institution is a reflection of the global processes of development of society, the state and the national legal system; 2) the comparative legal analysis of the legislative definition of witness immunity in different states allows us to identify the best ways to solve many criminal procedural and other legal problems.
The Standards of Proof as the Basis for Differences in the Regulation of Similar Institutions of Criminal, Civil, Arbitration and Administrative Proceedings
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Sharipova Aliya
Published: April 2021

Introduction: the division of all procedural institutions into universal, similar and unique ones requires the identification of the factors that determine the branch uniqueness. The purpose of the work is to determine the validity of inter-branch differences in the regulation of the institutions of criminal, civil, arbitration and administrative processes, depending on their own standards of proof. The determinant method of the research was the method of comparative law. A comparison was made of typical situations of proving related offenses under consideration of the criminal and civil or arbitration or administrative procedure. The research also uses the methods of historicism, system-structural analysis and synthesis. Results: the correlation of “standards of proving” and “standards of proof” is determined on the basis of the scientific literature and judicial practice. Through the example of the criminal and civil (arbitration, administrative) cases with similar subjects of proving (the cases of tax crimes and offenses, transport crimes and offenses, fraud and non-repayment of loans, smuggling and non-compliance with the ban on the import and export of goods), different industry requirements are established for the level of verification of the conclusions about the presence or absence of any facts. The cases of the legislative definition of standards of proof for certain legal situations are revealed. Conclusions: serious differences in the levels of proof required by law and judicial practice in different types of legal proceedings dictate the uniqueness of the regulation of a number of procedural institutions in their branch implementation. The sphere of influence of the standards of proof on the branch statutory regulation is not limited by law of evidence.