bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of a parameter encoded in the modal structure of a light beam: a quantum theory
Authors: Gessner Manuel , Treps Nicolas , Fabre Claude
Published: June 2023

Quantum light is described not only by a quantum state but also by the shape of the electromagnetic modes on which the state is defined. Optical precision measurements often estimate a “mode parameter” that determines properties such as frequency, temporal shape, and the spatial distribution of the light field. By deriving quantum precision limits, we establish the fundamental bounds for mode parameter estimation. Our results reveal explicit mode-design recipes that enable the estimation of any mode parameter with quantum enhanced precision. Our approach provides practical methods for optimizing mode parameter estimation with relevant applications, including spatial and temporal positioning, spectroscopy, phase estimation, and superresolution imaging.
Quenching of second-harmonic generation by epsilon-near-zero media
Authors: Wang Chenglin , Shi Ran , Gao Lei , Shalin Alexander S. , Luo Jie
Published: June 2023

Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) media were demonstrated to exhibit unprecedented strong nonlinear optical properties including giant second-harmonic generation (SHG) due to their field-enhancement effect. Here, on the contrary, we report the quenching of SHG by the ENZ media. We find that when a tiny nonlinear particle is placed very close to a subwavelength ENZ particle, the SHG from the nonlinear particle can be greatly suppressed. The SHG quenching effect originates from the extraordinary prohibition of electric fields occurring near the ENZ particle due to evanescent scattering waves, which is found to be universal in both isotropic and anisotropic ENZ particles, irrespective of their shapes. Based on this principle, we propose a kind of dynamically controllable optical metasurface exhibiting switchable SHG quenching effect. Our work enriches the understanding of optical nonlinearity with ENZ media and could find applications in optical switches and modulators.
Round-trip multi-band quantum access network
Authors: Xu Yuehan , Wang Tao , Zhao Huanxi , Huang Peng , Zeng Guihua
Published: June 2023

The quantum network makes use of quantum states to transmit data, which will revolutionize classical communication and allow for some breakthrough applications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) is one prominent application of quantum networks, and can protect data transmission through quantum mechanics. In this work, we propose an expandable and cost-effective quantum access network, in which the round-trip structure makes quantum states travel in a circle to carry information, and the multi-band technique is proposed to support multi-user access. Based on the round-trip multi-band quantum access network, we realize multi-user secure key sharing through the continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) protocol. Due to the encoding characteristics of CV-QKD, the quadrature components in different frequency bands can be used to transmit key information for different users. The feasibility of this scheme is confirmed by comprehensive noise analysis, and is verified by a proof-of-principle experiment. The results show that each user can achieve excess noise suppression and 600 bit/s level secure key generation under 30 km standard fiber transmission. Such networks have the ability of multi-user access theoretically and could be expanded by plugging in simple modules. Therefore, it paves the way for near-term large-scale quantum secure networks.
Structural characterization of thin-walled microbubble cavities
Authors: Jalaludeen Mohammed Zia , Li Shilong , Tian Ke , Sasaki Toshio , Nic Chormaic Síle
Published: June 2023

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microbubble cavities are a versatile optofluidic sensing platform owing to their hollow core geometry. To increase the light–matter interaction and, thereby, achieve higher sensitivity, thin-walled microbubbles are desirable. However, a lack of knowledge about the precise geometry of hollow microbubbles prevents us from having an accurate theoretical model to describe the WGMs and their response to external stimuli. In this work, we provide a complete characterization of the wall structure of a microbubble and propose a theoretical model for the WGMs in this thin-walled microcavity based on the optical waveguide approach. Structural characterization of the wavelength-scale wall is enabled by focused ion beam milling and scanning electron microscopy imaging. The proposed theoretical model is verified by finite element method simulations. Our approach can readily be extended to other low-dimensional micro-/nanophotonic structures.
Genetic analysis of a phenotypic loss in the mechanosensory entrainment of a circalunar clock
Authors: Briševac Dušica , Prakash Celine , Kaiser Tobias S.
Published: June 2023

Genetic variants underlying traits that become either non-adaptive or selectively neutral are expected to have altered evolutionary trajectories. Uncovering genetic signatures associated with phenotypic loss presents the opportunity to discover the molecular basis for the phenotype in populations where it persists. Here we study circalunar clocks in populations of the marine midge Clunio marinus. The circalunar clock synchronizes development to the lunar phase, and it is set by moonlight and tidal cycles of mechanical agitation. Two out of ten studied populations have lost their sensitivity to mechanical agitation while preserving sensitivity to moonlight. Intriguingly, the F1 offspring of the two insensitive populations regained the sensitivity to mechanical entrainment, implying a genetically independent loss of the phenotype. By combining quantitative trait locus mapping and genome-wide screens, we explored the genetics of this phenotypic loss. QTL analysis suggested an oligogenic origin with one prevalent additive locus in one of the strains. In addition, it confirmed a distinct genetic architecture in the two insensitive populations. Genomic screens further uncovered several candidate genes underlying QTL regions. The strongest signal under the most prominent QTL contains a duplicated STAT1 gene, which has a well-established role in development, and CG022363, an ortholog of the Drosophila melanogaster CG32100 gene, which plays a role in gravitaxis. Our results support the notion that adaptive phenotypes have a complex genetic basis with mutations occurring at several loci. By dissecting the most prevalent signals, we started to reveal the molecular machinery responsible for the entrainment of the circalunar clock.
Genetic basis of I-complex plasmid stability and conjugation
Authors: Lian Zheng Jie , Phan Minh-Duy , Hancock Steven J. , Nhu Nguyen Thi Khanh , Paterson David L. , Schembri Mark A.
Published: June 2023

Plasmids are major drivers of increasing antibiotic resistance, necessitating an urgent need to understand their biology. Here we describe a detailed dissection of the molecular components controlling the genetics of I-complex plasmids, a group of antibiotic resistance plasmids found frequently in pathogenic Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae that cause significant human disease. We show these plasmids cluster into four distinct subgroups, with the prototype IncI1 plasmid R64 subgroup displaying low nucleotide sequence conservation to other I-complex plasmids. Using pMS7163B, an I-complex plasmid distantly related to R64, we performed a high-resolution transposon-based genetic screen and defined genes involved in replication, stability, and conjugative transfer. We identified the replicon and a partitioning system as essential for replication/stability. Genes required for conjugation included the type IV secretion system, relaxosome, and several uncharacterised genes located in the pMS7163B leading transfer region that exhibited an upstream strand-specific transposon insertion bias. The overexpression of these genes severely impacted host cell growth or reduced fitness during mixed competitive growth, demonstrating that their expression must be controlled to avoid deleterious impacts. These genes were present in >80% of all I-complex plasmids and broadly conserved across multiple plasmid incompatibility groups, implicating an important role in plasmid dissemination.
Wildfire smoke knows no borders: Differential vulnerability to smoke effects on cardio-respiratory health in the San Diego-Tijuana region
Authors: Schwarz Lara , Aguilera Rosana , Aguilar-Dodier L. C. , Castillo Quiñones Javier Emmanuel , García María Evarista Arellano , Benmarhnia Tarik
Published: June 2023

Exposure to fine particles in wildfire smoke is deleterious for human health and can increase cases of cardio-respiratory illnesses and related hospitalizations. Neighborhood-level risk factors can increase susceptibility to environmental hazards, such as air pollution from smoke, and the same exposure can lead to different health effects across populations. While the San Diego-Tijuana border can be exposed to the same wildfire smoke event, socio-demographic differences may drive differential effects on population health. We used the October 2007 wildfires, one the most devastating wildfire events in Southern California that brought smoke to the entire region, as a natural experiment to understand the differential effect of wildfire smoke on both sides of the border. We applied synthetic control methods to evaluate the effects of wildfire smoke on cardio-respiratory hospitalizations in the Municipality of Tijuana and San Diego County separately. During the study period (October 11th- October 26th, 2007), 2009 hospital admissions for cardio-respiratory diseases occurred in San Diego County while 37 hospital admissions were reported in the Municipality of Tijuana. The number of cases in Tijuana was much lower than San Diego, and a precise effect of wildfire smoke was detected in San Diego but not in Tijuana. However, social drivers can increase susceptibility to environmental hazards; the poverty rate in Tijuana is more than three times that of San Diego. Socio-demographics are important in modulating the effects of wildfire smoke and can be potentially useful in developing a concerted regional effort to protect populations on both sides of the border from the adverse health effects of wildfire smoke.
Postnatal depression and its social-cultural influences among adolescent mothers: A cross sectional study
Authors: Tembo Chimwemwe , Portsmouth Linda , Burns Sharyn
Published: June 2023

In rural Malawi, adolescent mothers represent 31% of pregnancies. While some adolescent mothers experience motherhood as an exciting, positive, and affirming experience, for others, it may increase their risk of postnatal depression (PND). Social norms and culture contribute to adolescent mothers’ experiences and may influence their mental health. However, there is limited research around the prevalence of PND and its cultural influences among adolescent mothers. A cross-sectional survey was administered from 7thSeptember 2021 to 31stMarch 2022. Three hundred and ninety-five adolescent postnatal mothers aged ≤19 were conveniently recruited at Mitundu hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depression. A cutoff point of ≥ 10 was employed to categorize probable PND. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of depression. The mean age of participants was 17 (SD 1.157). and 43.6% (n = 172) presented with PND (EPDS scores ≥10). When all factors were considered in a binary logistic model, adolescents who had ever experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) were 13.6 times more likely to report PND after controlling for age and other predictors compared to those without an experience of IPV (aOR 13.6, p = 0.01, 95% CI 2.10–88.9). Participants whose families did not decide for them (regarding their care) were 2.3 times more likely to present with PND than those whose families decided for them (aOR 2.3 p = 0.03, 95% CI 1.04–5.2). Adolescent mothers who had interacted with their health worker were less likely to report PND than those who had no interaction with the health worker (aOR 0.4 P0.02, CI 0.17–0.67). Social and cultural factors can impact mental health of adolescent mothers. It is recommended that targeted and integrated interventions are developed, implemented. and evaluated. There is a need to improve policy and practice to better support adolescent mothers postnatally.
The climatic risk of Amazonian protected areas is driven by climate velocity until 2050
Authors: Torres-Amaral Calil , Anjos Luciano Jorge Serejo dos , Vieira Ima Célia Guimarães , de Souza Everaldo Barreiros
Published: June 2023

Changes in species distribution in response to climate change might challenge the territorial boundaries of protected areas. Amazonia is one of the global regions most at risk of developing long distances between current and future analogous climates and the emergence of climate conditions without analogs in the past. As a result, species present within the network of Protected Areas (PAs) of Amazonia may be threatened throughout the 21st century. In this study, we investigated climate velocity based on future and past climate-analogs using forward and backward directions in the network of PAs of Amazonia, in order to assess the climatic risk of these areas to climate change and verify their effectiveness in maintaining the current climate conditions. Using current (1970–2000) and future (2041–2060) average annual air temperature and precipitation data with a resolution of 10 km, climate velocities across the entire Amazon biome and average climate velocities of PAs and Indigenous Lands (ILs) were evaluated. The results show that the effects of backward velocity will be greater than that of forward velocity in the Amazon biome. However, the PA network will be less exposed to backward velocity impacts than unprotected areas (UAs)–emphasizing the importance of these areas as a conservation tool. In contrast, for the forward velocity impacts, the PA network will be slightly more exposed than UAs–indicating that the current spatial arrangement of the PA network is still not the most suitable to minimize impacts of a possible climate redistribution. In addition, a large extent of no-analog climates for backward velocities was found in central Amazonia, indicating that high temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns in this region will surpass the historical variability of the entire biome, making it a potentially isolated and unsuitable climatic envelope for species in the future. Most of the no-analog climates are in PAs, however the climate risks in ILs should also be highlighted since they presented higher climate velocities than PAs in both metrics. Our projections contrast with the median latitudinal migration rate of 2 km/year observed in most ecosystems and taxonomic groups studied so far and suggest the need for median migration rates of 7.6 km/year. Thus, despite the important role of PAs and ILs as conservation tools, they are not immune to the effects of climate change and new management strategies, specific to each area and that allow adaptation to global changes, will be necessary.
Healthcare costs and outcomes associated with laboratory-confirmed Lyme disease in Ontario, Canada: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Mac Stephen , Evans Gerald , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Patel Samir N. , Sander Beate
Published: June 2023

Background

The objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden attributable to laboratory-confirmed Lyme disease (LD) in Ontario, Canada and assess health outcomes associated with LD.

Method

We conducted a cohort study using laboratory-confirmed LD cases accrued between 2006 and 2018. The exposed cohort was matched 1:3 to the unexposed cohort using a combination of hard and propensity score matching. We used phase-of-care costing methods to calculate attributable costs for four phases of illness: pre-diagnosis, acute care, post-acute care, and continuing care in 2018 Canadian dollars. We used ICD-10-CA and OHIP billing codes to identify emergency department visits, physician billings and hospitalizations related to LD sequelae to assess health outcomes.

Results

A total of 2,808 cases were identified with a mean age of 46.5 (20.7) years and 44% female. Within 30-days, 404 (14.3%) cases required an ED visit and 63 (2.4%) cases required hospitalization. The mean (95% CI) total costs for LD cases in pre-diagnosis, acute, and post-acute care phases were $209 ($181, 238), $1,084 ($956, $1,212), and $1,714 ($1,499, $1,927), respectively. The highest mean attributable 10-day cost was $275 ($231, $319) during acute care. At 1-year post-infection, LD increased the relative risk of nerve palsies by 62 (20, 197), and polyneuropathy by 24 (3.0, 190). LD resulted in 16 Lyme meningitis events vs. 0 events in the unexposed.

Conclusion

Individuals with laboratory-confirmed LD have increased healthcare resource use pre-diagnosis and up to six months post-diagnosis, and were more likely to seek healthcare services related to LD sequelae.
Feasibility and acceptability of an mHealth, home-based exercise intervention in colorectal cancer survivors: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moraitis Ann Marie , Rose Nathan B. , Johnson Austin F. , Dunston Emily R. , Garrido-Laguna Ignacio , Hobson Paula , Barber Kristin , Basen-Engquist Karen , Coletta Adriana M.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To determine the feasibility and acceptability of an mHealth, home-based exercise intervention among stage II-III colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors within 5-years post-resection and adjuvant therapy.

Methods

This pilot randomized controlled trial of a 12-week mHealth, home-based exercise intervention, randomly assigned CRC survivors to a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) prescription. The following assessments were carried out at baseline and end-of-study (EOS): handgrip strength, short physical performance battery (SPPB), PROMIS physical function, neuropathy total symptom score-6 (NTSS-6), Utah early neuropathy scale (UENS), cardiopulmonary exercise testing, anthropometrics, and body composition via BOD POD, modified Godin leisure-time activity questionnaire. Feasibility, as defined by number of completed prescribed workouts and rate of adherence to individualized heart rate (HR) training zones, was evaluated at EOS. Acceptability was assessed by open-ended surveys at EOS. Descriptive statistics were generated for participant characteristics and assessment data.

Results

Seven participants were included in this pilot study (MICE: n = 5, HIIT: n = 2). Median age was 39 years (1st quartile: 36, 3rd quartile: 50). BMI was 27.4 kg/m2 (1st quartile: 24.5, 3rd quartile: 29.7). Most participants had stage III CRC (71%, n = 5). We observed an 88.6% workout completion rate, 100% retention rate, no adverse events, and qualitative data indicating improved quality of life and positive feedback related to ease of use, accountability, motivation, and autonomy. Mean adherence to HR training zones was 95.7% in MICE, and 28.9% for the high-intensity intervals and 51.0% for the active recovery intervals in HIIT; qualitative results revealed that participants wanted to do more/work-out harder.

Conclusion

An mHealth, home-based delivered exercise intervention, including a HIIT prescription, among stage II-III CRC survivors’ post-resection and adjuvant therapy was tolerable and showed trends towards acceptability.
The standard reconsolidation protocol for auditory fear-conditioning does not account for fear to the test context
Authors: Payne Jason W. , Merza Devon , Mumby Dave G.
Published: June 2023

Research on memory reconsolidation has relied heavily on the use of Pavlovian auditory cued-fear conditioning. Here, an auditory cue (CS) is paired with a footshock (US) and the CS is later able to evoke a freezing response when presented alone. Some treatments, when administered to conditioned subjects immediately following a CS-alone (memory reactivation) trial, can attenuate the freezing they display on subsequent CS-alone (test) trials, in the absence of the treatment. This reduction in conditioned freezing is usually taken as evidence that the treatment disrupts post-reactivation reconsolidation of the memory trace representing the pairing of CS and US. We suggest an alternative interpretation that may account, either in whole or in part, for the attenuated freezing. The standard reconsolidation protocol (SRP) for auditory fear-conditioning has a design feature that results in second-order conditioning of fear to the test context, as this context is paired with the fear-evoking CS on the reactivation trial. Since freezing during the CS on the test will reflect the compound influence of contextual-fear and cued-fear, a post-reactivation treatment might attenuate freezing on the test by disrupting consolidation of second-order contextual-fear conditioning, even if it has little or no effect on the stability of the original cued-fear memory. This experiment confirmed that rats tested according to the SRP, in which the reactivation and test trials occur in the same context, freeze more on the test trial than rats that receive the reactivation and test trials in different contexts. This confound could lead to false-positive evidence of disrupted reconsolidation if it is not avoided or minimized, which can be accomplished with a modified protocol.
Interaction of mental comorbidity and physical multimorbidity predicts length-of-stay in medical inpatients
Authors: Stahl-Toyota Sophia , Nikendei Christoph , Nagy Ede , Bönsel Stefan , Rollmann Ivo , Unger Inga , Szendrödi Julia , Frey Norbert , Michl Patrick , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Jäger Dirk , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Hochlehnert Achim
Published: June 2023

Background

Mental comorbidities of physically ill patients lead to higher morbidity, mortality, health-care utilization and costs.

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of mental comorbidity and physical multimorbidity on the length-of-stay in medical inpatients at a maximum-care university hospital.

Design

The study follows a retrospective, quantitative cross-sectional analysis approach to investigate mental comorbidity and physical multimorbidity in internal medicine patients.

Patients

The study comprised a total of n = 28.553 inpatients treated in 2017, 2018 and 2019 at a German Medical University Hospital.

Main measures

Inpatients with a mental comorbidity showed a median length-of-stay of eight days that was two days longer compared to inpatients without a mental comorbidity. Neurotic and somatoform disorders (ICD-10 F4), behavioral syndromes (F5) and organic disorders (F0) were leading with respect to length-of-stay, followed by affective disorders (F3), schizophrenia and delusional disorders (F2), and substance use (F1), all above the sample mean length-of-stay. The impact of mental comorbidity on length-of-stay was greatest for middle-aged patients. Mental comorbidity and Elixhauser score as a measure for physical multimorbidity showed a significant interaction effect indicating that the impact of mental comorbidity on length-of-stay was greater in patients with higher Elixhauser scores.

Conclusions

The findings provide new insights in medical inpatients how mental comorbidity and physical multimorbidity interact with respect to length-of-stay. Mental comorbidity had a large effect on length-of-stay, especially in patients with high levels of physical multimorbidity. Thus, there is an urgent need for new service models to especially care for multimorbid inpatients with mental comorbidity.
An oncogenic CTNNB1 mutation is predictive of post-operative recurrence-free survival in an EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kim Yeseul , Ahn Bokyung , Yoon Shinkyo , Lee Goeun , Kim Deokhoon , Chun Sung-Min , Kim Hyeong-Ryul , Jang Se Jin , Hwang Hee Sang
Published: June 2023

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is known to be frequently dysregulated in various human malignancies. Alterations in the genes encoding the components of Wnt/β-catenin pathway have also been described in lung adenocarcinoma. Notably however, the clinical impacts of Wnt/β-catenin pathway alterations in lung adenocarcinoma have not been fully evaluated to date. We here investigated the prognostic implications of single gene variations in 174 cases of surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma tested using targeted next-generation sequencing. Screening of the prognostic impact of single gene alterations identified an association betweenCTNNB1mutation and poor recurrence-free survival inEGFR-mutant LUADs. Based on these results, the entire cohort was stratified into three groups in accordance with the mutational status of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes (i.e. oncogenicCTNNB1mutation [CTNNB1-ONC], other Wnt/β-catenin pathway gene mutations [Wnt/β-catenin-OTHER], and wild type for Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes [Wnt/β-catenin-WT]). The clinicopathologic characteristics and survival outcomes of these groups were then compared. OncogenicCTNNB1and other Wnt/β-catenin pathway gene mutations were identified in 10 (5.7%) and 14 cases (8.0%), respectively. TheCTNNB1-ONC group cases displayed histopathologic features of conventional non-mucinous adenocarcinoma with no significant differences from those of the other groups. Using β-catenin immunohistochemistry, we found that theCTNNB1-ONC group displayed aberrant nuclear staining more frequently, but only in 60% of the samples. The LUADs harboring aCTNNB1-ONC exhibited significantly poorer RFS outcomes than the other groups, regardless of the β-catenin IHC status. This was a pronounced finding in theEGFR-mutant LUADs only in subgroup analysis, which was then confirmed by multivariate analysis. Nevertheless, no significant OS differences between these Wnt/β-catenin groups were evident. Hence, oncogenicCTNNB1mutations may be found in about 6% of lung adenocarcinomas and may predict post-operative recurrence inEGFR-mutant LUADs. Aberrant nuclear β-catenin staining on IHC appears to be insufficient as a surrogate marker of an oncogenicCTNNB1mutation.
Related variations: A novel approach for detecting patterns of regional variations in healthcare utilisation rates
Authors: Rudolfsen Jan Håkon , Olsen Jan Abel
Published: June 2023

Regional variations in healthcare utilisation rates are ubiquitous and persistent. In settings where an aggregate national health service budget is allocated primarily on a per capita basis, little regional variation in total healthcare utilisation rates will be observed. However, for specific treatments, large variations in utilisation rates are observed, iymplying a substitution effect at some point in service delivery. The current paper investigates the extent to which this substitution effect occurs within or between specialties, particularly distinguishing between emergency versus elective care. We used data from Statistics Norway and the Norwegian Patient Registry on eight somatic surgeries for all patients treated from 2010 to 2015. We calculated Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) -weight per capita in 19 hospital regions. We applied principal component analysis (PCA) to demonstrate patterns in DRG-weight, annual relative changes in DRG-weight, and DRG-weight production for elective care. We show that treatments with similar characteristics cluster within regions. Treatment frequency explains 29% of the total variation in treatment rates. In a dynamic model, treatments with a high degree of emergency care are negatively correlated with treatments with a high degree of elective care. Furthermore, when considering only elective care treatments, the substitution effect occurs between specialties and explains 49% of the variation. When designing policies aimed at reducing regional variations in healthcare utilisation, a distinction between elective and emergency care as well as substitution effects need to be considered.
The pro-resolving lipid mediator Maresin 1 ameliorates pain responses and neuroinflammation in the spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain: A study in male and female mice
Authors: Teixeira-Santos Luísa , Martins Sandra , Sousa Teresa , Albino-Teixeira António , Pinho Dora
Published: June 2023

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have recently emerged as promising therapeutic approaches for neuropathic pain (NP). We evaluated the effects of oral treatment with the SPM Maresin 1 (MaR1) on behavioral pain responses and spinal neuroinflammation in male and female C57BL/6J mice with spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced NP. MaR1, or vehicle, was administered once daily, on post-surgical days 3 to 5, by voluntary oral intake. Sensory-discriminative and affective-motivational components of pain were evaluated with von Frey and place escape/avoidance paradigm (PEAP) tests, respectively. Spinal microglial and astrocytic activation were assessed by immunofluorescence, and the spinal concentration of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were evaluated by multiplex immunoassay. MaR1 treatment reduced SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity on days 7 and 11 in both male and female mice, and appeared to ameliorate the affective component of pain in males on day 11. No definitive conclusions could be drawn about the impact of MaR1 on the affective-motivational aspects of pain in female mice, since repeated suprathreshold mechanical stimulation of the affected paw in the dark compartment did not increase the preference of vehicle-treated SNI females for the light side, during the PEAP test session (a fundamental assumption for PAEP’s validity). MaR1 treatment also reduced ipsilateral spinal microglial and astrocytic activation in both sexes and marginally increased M-CSF in males, while not affecting cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in either sex. In summary, our study has shown that oral treatment with MaR1 (i) produces antinociception even in an already installed peripheral NP mouse model, and (ii) this antinociception may extend for several days beyond the treatment time-frame. These therapeutic effects are associated with attenuated microglial and astrocytic activation in both sexes, and possibly involve modulation of M-CSF action in males.
Relationship between nurses’ knowledge of COVID-19, professional quality of life, and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive correlational study
Authors: Kim Sun Ju
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine knowledge, professional quality of life, and practices among nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and explore factors associated with nurses’ practice. A total of 167 nurses were recruited from 4 general hospitals for this cross-sectional study, which was conducted from June to July 2021. Using SPSS/WIN 22, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The mean age of the participants was 31.43, and the sample comprised 144 women (86.2%) and 23 men (13.8%). The results indicated that practice was negatively correlated with burnout (r = -.18, p = .017). The regression model explained 24.1% of the variance. For general characteristics in Model 1, education on COVID-19 management (β = .18, p = .014) was the factor most associated with nurses’ practice. In Model 2, with professional quality of life added, burnout (β = -.21, p = .003) was the only influential factor. These results highlight the need to establish an effective prevention system for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, including education programs pertinent to the prevention and management of infection that improve the modifiable predictors of nurses’ practice—education and burnout.
Characterization of the biochemical activity and tumor-promoting role of the dual protein methyltransferase METL-13/METTL13 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Engelfriet Melanie L. , Małecki Jędrzej M. , Forsberg Anna F. , Falnes Pål Ø. , Ciosk Rafal
Published: June 2023

The methyltransferase-like protein 13 (METTL13) methylates the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) on two locations: the N-terminal amino group and lysine 55. The absence of this methylation leads to reduced protein synthesis and cell proliferation in human cancer cells. Previous studies showed that METTL13 is dispensable in non-transformed cells, making it potentially interesting for cancer therapy. However, METTL13 has not been examined yet in whole animals. Here, we used the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansas a simple model to assess the functions of METTL13. Using methyltransferase assays and mass spectrometry, we show that theC.elegansMETTL13 (METL-13) methylates eEF1A (EEF-1A) in the same way as the human protein. Crucially, the cancer-promoting role of METL-13 is also conserved and depends on the methylation of EEF-1A, like in human cells. At the same time, METL-13 appears dispensable for animal growth, development, and stress responses. This makesC.elegansa convenient whole-animal model for studying METL13-dependent carcinogenesis without the complications of interfering with essential wild-type functions.
Effector-mediated subversion of proteasome activator (PA)28αβ enhances host defense against Legionella pneumophila under inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions
Authors: Ngwaga Tshegofatso , Chauhan Deepika , Salberg Abigail G. , Shames Stephanie R.
Published: June 2023

Legionella pneumophila is a natural pathogen of amoebae that causes Legionnaires’ Disease in immunocompromised individuals via replication within macrophages. L. pneumophila virulence and intracellular replication hinges on hundreds of Dot/Icm-translocated effector proteins, which are essential for biogenesis of the replication-permissive Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). However, effector activity can also enhance mammalian host defense via effector-triggered immunity. The L. pneumophila effector LegC4 is important for virulence in amoebae but enhances host defense against L. pneumophila in the mouse lung and, uniquely, within macrophages activated with either tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or interferon (IFN)-γ. The mechanism by which LegC4 potentiates cytokine-mediated host defense in macrophages is unknown. Here, we found that LegC4 enhances cytokine-mediated phagolysosomal fusion with Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) and binds host proteasome activator (PA)28α, which forms a heterooligomer with PA28β to facilitate ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of oxidant-damaged (carbonylated) proteins. We found that oxidative stress was sustained in the presence of LegC4 and that the LegC4 restriction phenotype was relieved in PA28αβ-deficient macrophages and in the lungs of mice in vivo. Our data also show that oxidative stress is sufficient for LegC4-mediated restriction in macrophages producing PA28αβ. PA28αβ has been traditionally associated with antigen presentation; however, our data support a novel mechanism whereby effector-mediated subversion of PA28αβ enhances cell-autonomous host defense against L. pneumophila under inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions. This work provides a solid foundation to evaluate induced proteasome regulators as mediators of innate immunity.
La gestión del conocimiento en las organizaciones como medida de adaptación al nuevo entorno laboral
Authors: Ereñaga Nerea
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo tiene por objeto el análisis del estado del arte acerca de la digitalización, la cuarta revolución industrial y sus consecuencias sobre la economía y el mercado laboral en especial, incidiendo en su conexión con las nuevas formas de trabajar y los nuevos requerimientos para las personas trabajadoras. En este sentido, y tras una aproximación teórica se analizan dos conceptos formativos que las organizaciones están poniendo en marcha para afrontar la digitalización, y, que son, el reskilling y el upskilling. Finalmente, se trata de valorar el encaje que estas medidas para la gestión del conocimiento tienen en el marco formativo actual de la legislación laboral estatal
Universities' entrepreneurship mission in a Dynamic Capability approach: A multicase study in south Brazil
Authors: Kaniak Vivien Mariane Massaneiro , Teixeira Rivanda Meira , Takahashi Adriana Roseli Wunsch , Singh Ananda Silva
Published: June 2023

Objective of the study: In order to understand how universities in south Brazil have been developing their entrepreneurship mission this study aimed to analyze the role of their Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) by the lens of the dynamic capability theory, considering sensing, seizing and transforming practices. Methodology/approach: qualitative approach, and a multiple case study strategy, 31 semi-structured interviews were carried out with different actors linked to university TTOs as well as documentary research. Main results: The results reveal that sensing, seizing, and transforming practices have been adopted by the university TTOs and are supporting them to face the new scenario in higher education represented by entrepreneurial and innovational demands. Theoretical contributions: They consist on a debate on how universities in Brazil are strategically managing their practices in order to adapt to a new era in higher education throughout the development of dynamic capabilities. Relevance/originality: This research provides an in‐depth process analysis including the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities to the development and the advance of the third mission of the universities, contributing to the study’s originality. Management contributions: The managemental contribution of this study is to offer a view of new modes and practices for other universities that are seeking to operate in an entrepreneurial dimension.
enseñanza de la historia desde el interior del conflicto armado en el noroeste de México
Authors: Abellán Fernández Jordi
Published: June 2023

A nivel internacional, el interés creciente por la educación para la ciudadanía democrática señala una variación en el orden e importancia de las finalidades educativas, dirige la mirada hacia el futuro posible y la creación de sociedades más justas y pacíficas. Esta transición aún no se ha producido en México y se inserta en un contexto de violencia armada y desintegración del tejido social que demuestra la incapacidad del Estado para garantizar la seguridad y el respeto a los derechos humanos. Aunque en la generación de la violencia se conjugan factores multidimensionales, no por eso deja de ser urgente asumir un compromiso desde la educación escolar y modificar las prioridades formativas para responder a uno de los problemas más acuciantes que afronta el país. Con este objetivo, la investigación busca contribuir desde la didáctica de la historia al fomento de la convivencia, la paz y la participación democrática. En este orden, el estudio incluye una consulta a alumnos de secundaria, estudiantes de maestro y docentes en servicio para conocer su disposición hacia el cambio, un recuento de las dificultades y oportunidades de enseñar temas controvertidos en las aulas, tres propuestas que pueden ayudar a construir el futuro, además de un decálogo de derechos y deberes ante la enseñanza del conflicto armado.
La dictadura civil militar chilena (1973-1990) como una experiencia afectiva en el contexto educativo: potencialidades y desafíos didácticos
Authors: Soto Yonhson Andrés Felipe , Jiménez María Soledad
Published: June 2023

Las investigaciones sobre la dictadura civil militar chilena escasamente han considerado las emociones y sus potencialidades. Por ello, el objetivo del presente artículo es identificar las oportunidades y los desafíos didácticos que surgen al abordar la dictadura chilena como un conocimiento difícil que provoca afectaciones. Así, entre las oportunidades destaca la posibilidad de crear espacios educativos en donde los estudiantes puedan representar las preguntas e inquietudes que experimentan al encontrarse con los testimonios del pasado, además de poder reflexionar por qué sienten determinadas emociones. Junto con ello, esta aproximación permite reflexionar con los alumnos sobre las exigencias éticas del pasado hacia el presente. Por otro lado, los desafíos se vinculan con la formación del profesorado, con su reconocimiento como sujetos que experimentan afectaciones y en la necesidad de reflexionar sobre cómo incorporar la incertidumbre y la diversidad de aprendizajes en el aula.
Pembagian Kerja dalam Rumah Tangga antara Suami dan Istri yang Bekerja
Authors: Widyasari Aulya , Suyanto Suyanto
Published: June 2023

Hubungan suami dan istri dalam rumah tangga menjadi suatu bahasan yang kompleks. Di dalam keluarga terdapat peranan dan fungsi. Namun adanya budaya patriarki ini membuat kedudukan perempuan dianggap di bawah laki-laki. Di era globalisasi sekarang telah menggeser paradigma masyarakat mengenai peran gender dalam rumah tangga. Pergeseran nilai ini tercermin dari semakin banyak kesadaran tentang keseimbangan peran dan tanggung jawab antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk dapat memahami serta mendeskripsikan kehidupan dan pengalaman keseharian keluarga karir, faktor perempuan bekerja, pembagian kerja dalam rumah tangga, dan upaya membangun kemitraan gender dalam rumah tangga. Teori yang digunakan yaitu teori gender dan struktural fungsionalisme. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi dan hasil penelitian berupa narasi yang menjelaskan fenomena terkait. Hasil dari penelitian ini perempuan terjun ke dalam dunia karir terinspirasi dari wanita lainnya juga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti mendukung perekonomian keluarga, menerapkan ilmu, ataupun mengisi waktu luang. Mereka secara gotong royong menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah tangganya. Kemitraan gender dalam keluarga kini menjadi syarat mutlak untuk menjalankan fungsi keluarga. Kemitraan gender akan terwujud dengan pembagian tugas yang adil, transparansi dalam keluarga, akuntabilitas keluarga, dan tata kelola yang baik dalam keluarga.
Kedudukan Firma Dan CV Beserta Anggota Sekutunya Dalam Hukum Kepailitan
Authors: Susetyo Herman
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini akan menjawab permasalahan tentang kedudukan Firma dan CV beserta anggota sekutunya dalam hukum kepailitan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan mendasarkan analisisnya pada perundang-undangan dan doktrin hukum yang ada. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Kedudukan Sekutu Firma sebagai Penanggung dalam Firma sama dengan kedudukan Sekutu Komplementer sebagai penanggung dalam CV, adalah sebagai berikut; Sekutu Firma maupun Sekutu Komplementer berkedudukan sebagai Penanggung berdasarkan undang – undang, Sekutu Firma berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 18 KUHD, sedang Sekutu Komplementer ditentukan dalam Pasal 19 KUHD. Sekutu Firma berkedudukan sebagai Penanggung bagi Firma sebagai Debitor, demikian juga Sekutu Komplementer sebagai Penanggung bagi CV sebagai Debitor. Sekutu Firma maupun Sekutu Komplementer bertanggung jawab sebagai Penanggung atas utang – utang Firma/CV sepenuhnya/paripasu pro rata parte/seimbang dengan inbrengnya kedalam persekutuan (Firma/CV) tersebut. Para sekutu tersebut bertanggungjawab untuk seluruhnya perikatan yang telah dilakukan. Sekutu Firma untuk Firma dan sekutu komplementer untuk CV, berdasarkan prosentase inbrengnya ke dalam Persekutuan. Sekutu Firma dan Sekutu Komplementer sebagai penanggung bagi Firma/CV, setelah memenuhi kewajibannya melunasi utang – utang Firma maupun CV, tidak berkedudukan sebagai Kreditor terhadap Firma maupun CVnya seperti halnya Penanggung berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 1820 KUHPerdata (seperti diatur dalam Pasal 141 UU No. 37 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kepailitan dan PKPU). Sekutu Firma maupun Sekutu Komplementer sebagai penanggung bagi Firma/CV, tidak serta merta dapat digantikan kedudukannya oleh ahli warisnya, kecuali atas persetujuan para sekutu yang lain. Sekutu Firma maupun Sekutu Komplementer sebagai penanggung tidak mempunyai Hak Istimewa seperti halnya Penanggung yang diatur dalam Pasal 1820 KUHPerdata. Sekutu Firma maupun Sekutu Komplementer sebagai penanggung bagi Firma dan CV, dapat dimohonkan pernyataan pailit bersamaan dengan badan usahanya maupun sendiri – sendiri, karena para sekutu tersebut tidak memiliki Hak Istimewa layaknya Penanggung yang diatur dalam Pasal 1820 KUHPerdata
Perlindungan Hukum Penyewa Gedung Hotel Atas Penundaan Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Sewa Gedung Hotel Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Njatrijani Rinitami , Madjan Aldhika Benjamin
Published: June 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic caused the government to prohibit community activities outside the home which might cause crowds, thus hindering the implementation of a building rental agreement for an event that had been made and agreed before the pandemic but its implementation during the pandemic. This research will analyze the legal protection for building tenants for delays in implementing hotel building rental agreements during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study aims to find out, review and analyze the legal protection given to tenants for delays in implementing lease agreements in the Melva Balemong Hotel & Resort building. Types of field research research, the research approach uses empirical juridical, the data needed are primary and secondary data. The results showed that legal protection is preventive and legal protection is repressive. Repressive legal protection can be provided through dispute resolution efforts that can be done through the courts and outside the court and the provision of administrative sanctions in the form of fines to the hotel. Meanwhile, preventive legal protection can be carried out to prevent arbitrary actions from the hotel that can cause losses to the tenants of the building. Legal protection based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection can apply effectively to Melva Balemong Hotel & Resort  Keywords: Lease Agreement, Covid-19, Legal ProtectionAbstrakMasa pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan pemerintah melarang kegiatan masyarakat di luar rumah yang dimungkinkan akan menyebabkan kerumunan, sehingga menghambat suatu pelaksanaan perjanjian sewa gedung untuk suatu acara yang telah dibuat dan disepakati sebelum adanya pandemi namun pelaksanaannya pada masa pandemi. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi penyewa Gedung atas Penundaan Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Sewa Gedung Hotel Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui, mengkaji dan menganalisis pelindungan hukum yang diberikan kepada penyewa atas penundaan pelaksanaan perjanjian sewa pada gedung Melva Balemong Hotel & Resort. Jenis penelitian field research, pendekatan penelitian menggunakan yuridis empiris,  data yang dibutuhkan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlindungan hukum secara preventif dan perlindungan hukum secara represif. Perlindungan hukum secara represif dapat diberikan melalui upaya penyelesaian sengketa yang dapat dilakukan melalui pengadilan maupun di luar pengadilan dan pemberian sanksi administratif berupa denda kepada pihak hotel. Sedangkan perlindungan hukum secara preventif dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadi tindakan sewenang-wenang dari pihak hotel yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi pihak penyewa gedung. Pelindungan hukum berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dapat berlaku secara efektif pada Melva Balemong Hotel & Resort.
Scénografie v počátcích Divadla D
Authors: Vojtová Pavlína
Published: June 2023

The study is focused on work and cooperation of five young stage designers/architects with director E. F. Burian in the avant-garde theatre of Divadlo D in its beginnings in early 1930s, namely César Grimmich, Miroslav Kouřil, Jiří Novotný, Karel Poličanský, and Josef Raban, and then mainly the trio KNR. The main part depands on presentation theirs working methods and themes, which reflect new techniques of visual art, focused on light experiments, photography, film and raw materials. Their methods are also confronted with work and experiments of László Moholy-Nagy