bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The EDGE-CALIFA Survey: Molecular and Ionized Gas Kinematics in Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Levy Rebecca C. , Bolatto Alberto D. , Teuben Peter , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Barrera-Ballesteros Jorge K. , Blitz Leo , Colombo Dario , García-Benito Rubén , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Husemann Bernd , Kalinova Veselina , Lan Tian , Leung Gigi Y. C. , Mast Damián , Utomo Dyas , Ven Glenn van de , Vogel Stuart N. , Wong Tony
Published: June 2018

We present a comparative study of molecular and ionized gas kinematics in nearby galaxies. These results are based on observations from the EDGE survey, which measured spatially resolved 12CO(J = 1–0) in 126 nearby galaxies. Every galaxy in EDGE has corresponding resolved ionized gas measurements from CALIFA. Using a sub-sample of 17 rotation-dominated, star-forming galaxies where precise molecular gas rotation curves could be extracted, we derive CO and Hα rotation curves using the same geometric parameters out to ≳1 R

e
. We find that ∼75% of our sample galaxies have smaller ionized gas rotation velocities than the molecular gas in the outer part of the rotation curve. In no case is the molecular gas rotation velocity measurably lower than that of the ionized gas. We suggest that the lower ionized gas rotation velocity can be attributed to a significant contribution from extraplanar diffuse ionized gas in a thick, turbulence-supported disk. Using observations of the Hγ transition, also available from CALIFA, we measure ionized gas velocity dispersions and find that these galaxies have sufficiently large velocity dispersions to support a thick ionized gas disk. Kinematic simulations show that a thick disk with a vertical rotation velocity gradient can reproduce the observed differences between the CO and Hα rotation velocities. Observed line ratios tracing diffuse ionized gas are elevated compared to typical values in the midplane of the Milky Way. In galaxies affected by this phenomenon, dynamical masses measured using ionized gas rotation curves will be systematically underestimated.
Effects of Thermonuclear X-Ray Bursts on Non-burst Emissions in the Soft State of 4U 1728–34
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sudip , Yadav J S , Sridhar Navin , Chauhan Jai Verdhan , Agrawal P C , Antia H M , Pahari Mayukh , Misra Ranjeev , Katoch Tilak , Manchanda R K , Paul Biswajit
Published: June 2018

It has recently been shown that the persistent emission of a neutron star low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) evolves during a thermonuclear (type-I) X-ray burst. The reason of this evolution, however, is not fully known. This uncertainty can introduce significant systematics in the neutron star radius measurement using burst spectra, particularly if an unknown but significant fraction of the burst emission, which is reprocessed, contributes to the changes in the persistent emission during the burst. Here, by analyzing individual burst data of AstroSat/LAXPC from the neutron star LMXB 4U 1728–34 in the soft state, we show that the burst emission is not significantly reprocessed by a corona covering the neutron star. Rather, our analysis suggests that the burst emission enhances the accretion disk emission, possibly by increasing the accretion rate via disk. This enhanced disk emission, which is Comptonized by a corona covering the disk, can explain an increased persistent emission observed during the burst. This finding provides an understanding of persistent emission components and their interaction with the thermonuclear burst emission. Furthermore, as burst photons are not significantly reprocessed, non-burst and burst emissions can be reliably separated, which is required to reduce systematic uncertainties in the stellar radius measurement.
High Reproducibility of an Automated Measurement of Mobility for Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Garrido-Castro Juan L. , Curbelo Rafael , Mazzucchelli Ramón , Domínguez-González María E. , Gonzalez-Navas Cristina , Flores Robles Bryan J. , Zarco Pedro , Mulero Juan , Cea-Calvo Luis , Arteaga María J. , Font-Ugalde Pilar , Carmona Loreto , Collantes-Estevez Eduardo
Published: June 2018

Objective.

Conventional measures of spinal mobility used in the assessment of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), such as the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index and its components, are subject to interobserver variability. The University of Córdoba Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (UCOASMI) is a validated composite index based on a motion video-capture system, UCOTrack. Our objective was to assess its reproducibility in clinical practice settings.

Methods.

We carried out an observational study of repeated measures in 3 centers. Video-capture systems were installed and adapted to clinical rooms. Patients with axSpA and stable disease were selected by consecutive stratified sampling [disease duration, sex, and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI)]. Intraobserver reliability of the UCOASMI and of conventional measures was tested 3–5 days apart. For interobserver reliability, 3 patients from each center were evaluated in the other centers, within 3–7 days. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated.

Results.

Thirty patients were included (73% men, mean age 53 yrs, mean BASDAI 3.0). Interobserver and intraobserver ICC of the UCOASMI was 0.98. Conventional measurements showed lower but adequate reproducibility as well, except for interobserver reliability of lateral flexion (0.41), cervical rotation (0.61), and Schöber test (0.07), and intraobserver reliability of tragus-to-wall distance (0.30).

Conclusion.

Reproducibility of the UCOASMI seems very high, and apparently more reliable than conventional measures of mobility.
Fecal Calprotectin to Detect Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Ferrara Giovanna , Pastore Serena , Sancin Lara , Torelli Lucio , Radillo Oriano , Bramuzzo Matteo , Bibalo Chiara , Tommasini Alberto , Ventura Alessandro , Taddio Andrea
Published: June 2018

Objective.

This study aimed to test fecal calprotectin (FC) as a screening tool to identify inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) among patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods.

FC level < 100 g/kg was considered normal. Patients with 2 consecutive FC dosage ≥ 100 g/kg underwent endoscopic evaluation.

Results.

There were 113 patients with JIA enrolled. FC was raised in 7 patients out of 113. All patients had IBD. In 3/7 patients, high FC levels were the only sign consistent with IBD.

Conclusion.

FC is a useful, economical, and noninvasive diagnostic tool to identify JIA patients with underlying IBD.
Centuriation et statut juridique de Sullecthum (Salakta)
Authors: Ghaddhab Ridha
Published: June 2018

La région de Salakta est couverte par une centuriation romaine bien structurée, aux limites nettes. Il y eut, entre Thapsus , Acholla et Thysdrus , une zone de colonisation romaine. De tous les secteurs donnant sur la côte, seul celui de Salakta a été centurié et a été l’objet d’assignations à des colons. Les inscriptions, bien que peu nombreuses, révèlent qu’il existait à la fin de ii e ou au début du iii e  siècle, une colonia Iulia Sullectha . C’est une colonie de fondation créée entre 46 et 27 avant J.-C. Nous pensons que cette dernière était le centre structurant de la région.
Le débat common law versus civil law sur la performance économique du droit est-il pertinent ?
Authors: Canivet Guy
Published: June 2018

Fondés au départ (2004) sur l' a priori de la supériorité de la common law sur le droit civil, les rapports successifs Doing Business établis par la Banque mondiale ont vu cette orientation s'estomper progressivement, de sorte que leurs indicateurs quantitatifs de la réglementation des affaires ne permettent plus désormais de différencier l'incidence économique de l'une et l'autre des traditions juridiques. Cette neutralité de la division entre common law et droit civil sur les performances économiques des réglementations étatiques est par ailleurs confirmée par les autres indicateurs comparatifs élaborés par divers organismes dans le monde, en particulier l'Indicateur de sécurité juridique établi par un groupe d'experts réunis par la Fondation pour le droit continental. Dès lors, les raisons de la prévalence de la common law en droit international des affaires sont à rechercher dans des considérations historiques, économiques, linguistiques, culturelles et dans les stratégies déployées par les États pour promouvoir leur droit dans les économies émergentes. L'article montre que ces rapports de concurrence intersystémiques provoquent des convergences par emprunts et acculturations des instruments juridiques du droit des affaires estimés performants et des évolutions des réglementations nationales dans une perspective d'attractivité économique. D'autres études révèlent que les grands opérateurs économiques mondiaux s'affranchissent des droits et des juridictions étatiques pour régler leurs relations d'affaires. Classification JEL : K15, K20, K33.
Droit, offres publiques et restructurations
Authors: Martin Didier
Published: June 2018

Le régime des offres publiques a connu de nombreuses évolutions législatives, lesquelles ont traduit tantôt une faveur, tantôt une méfiance pour ces opérations, notamment au regard des restructurations que celles-ci peuvent engendrer. Sensible à ces risques, la loi du 29 mars 2014 a tenté de renforcer l'encadrement des restructurations envisagées à l'occasion d'une OPA, en accroissant les pouvoirs du conseil d'administration et du comité d'entreprise. La portée effective de ces nouvelles dispositions doit cependant être nuancée à plusieurs titres s'agissant des restrictions que ces dispositifs introduiraient. À l'inverse, le contrôle des investissements étrangers, qui peut amener l'investisseur à prendre un certain nombre d'engagements, apparaît bien plus déterminant pour ces opérations. Les OPA volontaires doivent être distinguées des offres publiques obligatoires et de retrait car les règles qui les régissent envisagent différemment le cas des restructurations, en laissant en particulier à l'AMF un pouvoir d'appréciation important pour accorder des dérogations ou imposer le dépôt d'une offre. Afin de limiter les offres publiques dites financières initiées notamment par des fonds d'investissement, le retrait obligatoire est limité par le choix qu'a fait la France d'un seuil de déclenchement élevé de 95 %. Classification JEL : G18, K22, L5.
Entre science et militantisme, une géopolitique de l’université de Corse sous le regard tutélaire de Pascal Paoli
Authors: Martinetti Joseph
Published: June 2018

Ouverte en 1981, l’université de Corse est une des plus récentes et des plus petites structures universitaires existant sur le territoire français. Sa vitalité repose sur l’esprit militant qui l’anime aujourd’hui encore et elle puise sa légitimité dans la mémoire symbolique d’une université fondée à Corte par Pascal Paoli, soucieux de former au milieu du xviii e  siècle les cadres d’une nation corse émancipée de la tutelle génoise. Université de proximité accompagnant le processus de massification des études supérieures, elle assume aussi une mission centrée sur une réflexion « identitaire » qui lui a permis d’établir une hégémonie culturelle sur l’ensemble de la société insulaire et de contribuer à l’accession des autonomistes au pouvoir régional. Elle doit toutefois améliorer son attractivité auprès des jeunes insulaires, des étudiants français continentaux et des étrangers.
Agricultures, ruralités, paysanneries : réflexions et questions pour une économie politique critique des discours dominants sur le développement
Authors: Peemans Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2018

L’approche dominante de l’agriculture au Nord et au Sud, dans la théorie et la pratique depuis plus d’un demi-siècle, est celle d’une approche sectorielle « déterritorialisée » centrée sur la modernisation à travers le productivisme et la libéralisation des échanges. La résultante la plus visible de cette approche est la crise agraire et urbaine généralisée qui est au cœur de l’accumulation globalisée. C’est au prix d’un changement de paradigme que l’on peut sortir des apories de la modernisation, en replaçant les problématiques agricole et rurale et le monde paysan, au cœur d’une approche du développement en termes de construction de « territoires de vie durables » dans les Suds et au Nord.
Tumblr's GIF culture and the infinite image: Lone fandom, ruptures, and working through on a microblogging platform
Authors: Williams Rebecca
Published: June 2018

Tumblr's modes of looping and repetition (especially via the circulation of GIFs) offer a potential source of comfort during moments of fannish rupture. By analyzing my own responses to the ending of a favorite television series, I argue that the repetition of Tumblr—the sense of infinity that is engendered by the fact that users may see the same thing reblogged and turning up on their dashboard over and over again—can be understood as offering the potential for working through moments of affective disruption. By assessing Tumblr's sense of endlessness and the reblogging of images and GIF and GIF sets across fan blogs after the finale of the television series Hannibal (2013–15), I consider how the use of a single specific platform can relate to the absence rather than the presence of fan-created objects. In an analysis of fan engagement and attachment, I draw on Freud's work on repeating and working through to study the relationship among repetition, trauma, and the wider media. The repetition engendered by the repeated viewing of GIFs and GIF sets on Tumblr offers comfort and catharsis for fans in periods of mourning. These areas of study inform an analysis of Tumblr as a specific platform for fan engagement and this platform's use as a mechanism for reassurance in the face of moments of rupture.
Tumblr's Supernatural fandom and the rhetorical affordance of GIFs
Authors: Hautsch Jessica
Published: June 2018

The rhetoricity of GIFs on Tumblr is analyzed by using the Supernatural (2005–) fan community as a case study. Tumblr's platform design, which encourages visual communication and content sharing, allows users to assert their identities as fans and their memberships to fan communities through the production and curation of visual content. Supernatural fans on Tumblr make affordances of GIFs from the show and its extratextual materials, putting them to various rhetorical uses, including emotional expression, transformative storytelling, inside jokes, and argumentation. Tumblr's platform, which facilitates the spread of content through its reblogging function, allows GIFs to be shared among various interpretative communities for whom the images contain different connotations and meanings. Because of their decontextualization, recontextualization, and intertextuality, GIFs offer a complex and rhetorically layered mode of communication on Tumblr.
Improving Power Analysis Peak Distribution Using Canberra Distance to Address Ghost Peak Problem
Authors: Mahanta Hridoy Jyoti , Khan Ajoy Kumar
Published: June 2018

This article describes how differential power analysis has laid the foundations of such an attack that has challenged the security of almost all cryptosystems like DES, AES, and RSA. This non-invasive attack first extracts the power consumption details from devices embedded with cryptographic techniques and then uses these details to mount attacks on the cryptosystems to reveal the secret key. However, at times there appears multiple similar power peaks at the same points. This raises confusion in distinguishing the actual and the fake peaks named “ghost peaks.” This ghost peak problem affects the efficiency of power analysis attacks as it increases the number of power traces to be evaluated to identify the actual peak. In this article, the authors present an approach which uses the Canberra distance with Euclidean similarity to address this ghost peak problem. The proposed solution diminishes the values of all these ghost peaks, leaving only the actual peak behind that could reveal the secret key.
A Survey of Security Models Using Effective Moving Target Defenses
Authors: Devi B S Kiruthika , Subbulakshmi T. , Babu KV Mahesh
Published: June 2018

This article describes how nowadays, attackers are targeting valuable assets and infrastructures in networked systems causing an impact on enterprises and individuals. By implementing moving target defenses helps to prevent cyber-attacks by changing the attack surface. Some security models like Attack Graph (A.G) and Attack Tree (A.T) provide a formal method to access and compare the effectiveness of them. So, in this article, the authors incorporate moving target defenses in a security model, using a Hierarchical Attack Representation Model (HARM), to compare and access the effectiveness of the security. In addition, the authors are also taking important measures (IMs) for implementing MTD techniques to enhance the scalability of the network. Finally, they compare the scalability of an attack graph and HARM models by implementing MTD techniques to find the effectiveness of security in network.
The Clinical Frailty Scale Predicts Inpatient Mortality in Older Hospitalised Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson'S Disease
Authors: Torsney KM , Romero-Ortuno R
Published: June 2018

Parkinson's disease and frailty are both common conditions affecting older people. Little is known regarding the association of the Clinical Frailty Scale with hospital outcomes in idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients admitted to the acute hospital. We aimed to test whether frailty status was an independent predictor of short-term mortality and other hospital outcomes in older inpatients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Method

We conducted an observational retrospective study in a large tertiary university hospital between October 2014 and October 2016. Routinely measured patient characteristics included demographics (age and sex), Clinical Frailty Scale, acute illness severity (Emergency Department Modified Early Warning Score), the Charlson Comorbidity Index, discharge specialty, history of dementia, history of depression and the presence of a new cognitive impairment. Outcomes studied were inpatient mortality, death within 30 days of discharge, new institutionalisation, length of stay ≥ 7 days and readmission within 30 days to the same hospital.

Results

There were 393 first admission episodes of idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients aged 75 years or more; 166 (42.2%) were female. The mean age (standard deviation) was 82.8 (5.0) years. The mean Clinical Frailty Scale was 5.9 (1.4) and the mean Charlson Comorbidity Index was 1.3 (1.5). After adjustment for covariates, frailty and acute illness severity were independent predictors of inpatient mortality; odds ratio for severely/very severely frail or terminally ill = 8.1, 95% confidence interval 1.0-63.5, p = 0.045 and odds ratio for acute illness severity: 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.6, p = 0.005). The Clinical Frailty Scale did not significantly predict other hospital outcomes.

Conclusions

The Clinical Frailty Scale was a significant predictor of inpatient mortality in idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients admitted to the acute hospital and it may be useful as a marker of risk in this vulnerable population.
Witnessing History: A Personal View of Half a Century in Public Health
Authors: Bergman BP , Laing F , Chandler AS , Calman KC
Published: June 2018

Former Chief Medical Officer Sir Kenneth Calman recently celebrated 50 years in medicine. It was a period which saw the evolution of the public health agenda from communicable diseases to diseases of lifestyle, the change from a hospital-orientated health service to one dominated by community-based services, and the increasing recognition of inequalities as a major determinant of health. This paper documents selected highlights from his career including the Aberdeen typhoid outbreak, AIDS, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, foot and mouth disease, radioactive fallout, the invention of computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and draws parallels between the development of the modern understanding of public health and the theoretical background to the science 100 years earlier.
ORCHIDEE-MICT-BIOENERGY: an attempt to represent the production of lignocellulosic crops for bioenergy in a global vegetation model
Authors: Li Wei , Yue Chao , Ciais Philippe , Chang Jinfeng , Goll Daniel , Zhu Dan , Peng Shushi , Jornet-Puig Albert
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Bioenergy crop cultivation for lignocellulosic biomass is increasingly
important for future climate mitigation, and it is assumed on large scales in
integrated assessment models (IAMs) that develop future land use change
scenarios consistent with the dual constraint of sufficient food production
and deep decarbonization for low climate-warming targets. In most global
vegetation models, there is no specific representation of crops producing
lignocellulosic biomass, resulting in simulation biases of biomass yields and
other carbon outputs, and in turn of future bioenergy production. Here, we
introduced four new plant functional types (PFTs) to represent four major
lignocellulosic bioenergy crops, eucalypt, poplar and willow,
Miscanthus, and switchgrass, in the global process-based vegetation
model ORCHIDEE. New parameterizations of photosynthesis, carbon allocation,
and phenology are proposed based on a compilation of field measurements. A
specific harvest module is further added to the model to simulate the
rotation of bioenergy tree PFTs based on their age dynamics. The resulting
ORCHIDEE-MICT-BIOENERGY model is applied at 296 locations where field
measurements of harvested biomass are available for different bioenergy
crops. The new model can generally reproduce the global bioenergy crop yield
observations. Biases in the model results related to grid-based simulations
versus the point-scale measurements and the lack of fertilization and
fertilization management practices in the model are discussed. This study
sheds light on the importance of properly representing bioenergy crops for
simulating their yields. The parameterizations of bioenergy crops presented
here are generic enough to be applicable in other global vegetation models.
The Trials of John Joseph Henry: The Politics of “Revolutionary Services” in Jeffersonian Pennsylvania
Authors: Gordon Scott Paul
Published: June 2018

John Joseph Henry's Account of the … Campaign Against Quebec in 1775 (1812) recollects a revolutionary campaign to indict the leaders of Jeffersonian America. Historians value the text as a record of this early campaign—which left Henry permanently disabled—but the narrative focuses on the present. Henry evokes a brief moment of national (and individual) health to indict current national and state leaders who preserved unbroken bodies only by keeping themselves safe: these men, who never served, now attack those who did, purging from office Federalist veterans (such as Henry, a district judge). Their impeachment of Henry was a partisan persecution, he believed, proving to him the struggle for liberty was a “lost cause” in Jefferson's America. If he had imagined that those who “never looked an enemy in the eye” would cast “ancient veterans” aside, Henry wrote ruefully, he would “never have drawn a trigger.”
GERMINATION AND VIGOR OF Bixa orellana L. SEEDS PRE-SOAKED IN A PLANT BIOSTIMULANT
Authors: Araujo Neto Aderson Costa , Dos Santos Olívia Oliveira , Ferreira Darlaine Maria , Nunes Renan Thiago Carneiro , Públio Ana Paula Prado Barreto , Amaral Cláudio Lúcio Fernandes
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the germination and vigor of Bixa orellana seeds that were pre-soaked in different concentrations of Stimulate® plant biostimulant. For the standard germination test, Bixa orellana seeds from the Embrapa 37 Cultivar were pre-soaked (for periods of four and eight hours) in the following concentrations of Stimulate® aqueous solution: 3.0; 6.0; 9.0; and 12.0 mL L-1. Seeds that were pre-soaked in distilled water were used as control. The following parameters were tested: germination; first germination count; abnormal seedlings; length; and seedling dry mass. The experimental design was completely randomized and a 2 x 5 + 1 factorial design was used (with two pre-soaking periods, five Stimulate® concentrations, and one additional control without pre-soaking). Four replicates of 50 seeds were performed for each treatment. Water immersion treatments for four and eight hours were efficient for breaking dormancy in Bixa orellana seeds, since they promoted better germination in relation to the intact seeds that were not pre-soaked. The pre-soaking of Bixa orellana seeds for eight hours in a 12.0 mL L-1 Stimulate® concentration presented the best results in terms of germinative performance and seedling growth, with greater accumulation of dry mass. Therefore, this practice is recommended for the production of seedlings of this species.
EFFECT OF FROST ON GERMPLASM USED IN RESTORATION OF DEGRADED AREA IN THE SERRA DO ITAJAÍ NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Meneghetti Carlos , Vitorino Marcelo Diniz
Published: June 2018

Frosts that occur in the Southern Brazil limit the development and survival of seedlings used for restoration projects and may cause significant losses. The objectives of this study were: evaluating the effect of frosts on seedlings produced by seeds collected around a degraded area inside the Serra do Itajaí National Park (PNSI) and used to restore this area; and validating the use of polyester printed labels for marking seedlings. Planting was carried out in adapted Anderson Groups, with 25 seedlings per module. Survival rates for frost were evaluated in 750 seedlings, identified at the species level, classified according to their ecological group, and used in three areas designated as A, B and C. 80% of the seedlings were planted in sloping area and 20%, in lowland area. For the identification of the seedlings, labels printed by a laser printer were used on matte polyester film and affixed with plastic polyamide clamps. This method proved to be practical, inexpensive and resistant to the climate action (heat, humidity and precipitation). Besides, it does not suffer attacks from the local fauna. The overall survival rate was 55.87%, whereas survival rates by ecological groups were 76.67% for shadow tolerant climax, 53.75% for light demanding climax, and 55.63% for the pioneer. The highest survival rates were the ones from seedlings located on the slopes. It was possible to verify that the local germplasm is well adapted to the frosts that occur in the region.
The Impact of Advertising Appeals on Purchase Intention in Social Media Environment——Analysis of Intermediary Effect Based on Brand Attitude
Authors: He Qian , Qu Hongjian
Published: June 2018

Social media, represented by WeChat and micro-blog, has become an indispensable communication tool for human beings. The social media advertising that extends in this environment has also become the focus of enterprise marketing. Based on the brand attitude as the intermediary variable, this paper studies the influence of advertising appeal on the purchase intention under the socialized media environment, and tries to clarify the influence mechanism between the advertising appeal and the consumer purchase intention. Through the related literature, we find out the relationship between the advertising appeal and the brand state and the purchase intention. Put forward relevant research proposals, to enterprises in the social media environment advertising marketing pointed out a new direction.
Impact of Oil Price Changes on Certain Budget Variables, Government and Tax Revenues, External Grants, and Government Expenditures in Jordan
Authors: Qwader Amjad
Published: June 2018

This study evaluated the impact of oil price changes on certain budget variables in Jordan over the period of 1992 to 2015. Time series data were analyzed using econometric techniques that included ordinary least squares. Findings from the analysis revealed a statistically significant positive correlation for oil price on government and tax revenues, external grants, and government expenditures, whereas oil price on budget deficits had a statistically significant negative correlation. Therefore, the study proposes that the government of Jordan directly invests its oil tax revenues in economic sectors, such as agriculture and manufacturing, to broaden the sources of revenue, as well as exploit such revenues to establish alternative energy projects, whether from the sun, wind, or both. In addition, the establishment of such projects is suitable for the conditions of the Jordanian environment.
Relative Importance of Public Debts and Money Growth on Inflation in Nigeria
Authors: Oyeleke Olusola Joel , Orisadare Monica Adele
Published: June 2018

This paper investigates the relative importance of public debts and money growth on inflation in Nigeria from 1980 to 2015. Annual secondary data collected from World Development Indicators were used for the analysis. After examining the behaviour of the time series, Unrestricted Vector Autoregressive (VAR) technique of estimation is employed with a view to determining whether inflation is a monetary or fiscal phenomenon in Nigeria. The results show that, both in the short and long run, public debts accounts for a sizeable percentage in the variation of inflation rather than growth in monetary supply, making inflation a fiscal phenomenon in Nigeria. We therefore recommend that the attainment of fiscal solvency would be more effective in achieving price stability in Nigeria.
A Functionalist Account of Human Uniqueness
Authors: Bolos Anthony ,   The Society of Christian Philosophers
Published: June 2018

I challenge the assumption that human uniqueness of the sort motivated by the doctrine of the imago Dei is incompatible with contemporary views in evolutionary biology. I first develop a functionalist account of the image of God and then argue that image bearing is a contingently imposed function. Humans, chosen by God to bear his image, are unique in that they alone possess an ideal range of image bearing capacities. This ideal range makes humans well-suited for the role of image bearing.
How To Be a Skeptical Theist and a Commonsense Epistemologist
Authors: Hendricks Perry ,   The Society of Christian Philosophers
Published: June 2018

Trent Dougherty has argued that commonsense epistemology and skeptical theism are incompatible. In this paper, I explicate Dougherty’s argument, and show that (at least) one popular form of skeptical theism is compatible with commonsense epistemology.
Sickness absence due to chronic musculoskeletal pain: The exploration of a predictive psychological model including negative moods, subjective health and work efficacy in an adult county population (The HUNT Study)
Authors: Svebak Sven , Halvari Hallgeir
Published: June 2018

The relation between musculoskeletal pain and sickness absence was tested in an adult county population. Maximal explained variance in absence from work due to chronic musculoskeletal pain (sickness absence) was tested in a model in which subjective health was expected to mediate the associations between such pain and dysphoria, respectively, and work efficacy. In turn, work efficacy was expected to mediate the link between subjective health and sickness absence. All the residents in the County of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, aged 20 and older, were invited to take part in a public health survey during 1995-97 (HUNT-2), and 66,140 (71.2%) participated. Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, dysphoria, subjective health and work efficacy were assessed, as well as sickness absence last year due to musculoskeletal pain. The model test was performed by use of the LISREL procedure based upon data from 30,158 employees reporting chronic musculoskeletal pain last year. The measurement model fitted the data well: χ2 = 9075, df = 52, p < .0004, Critical N = 1041, RMSEA = 0.038, CFI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.020. The structural model fitted the data equally well, and the best prediction of sickness absence was obtained with lower back pain, upper and lower extremity pain, as well as dysphoria as the primary variables affecting subjective health that, in turn, was the convergent predictor of work efficacy that, finally, best explained the variance in sickness absence (56%). The data supported an indirect sequence of complaint-health-efficacy (CHE-model) as the best predictor of sickness absence due to musculoskeletal pain.
Freeze or forget? Virtual attack effects in an Emotional Sternberg Task
Authors: Gladwin Thomas Edward , Vink Matthijs
Published: June 2018

Emotionally salient stimuli have the ability to disrupt cognitive processing. This kind of disruption involves effects on working memory and may be related to mental health problems. To explore the nature of such emotional interference on working memory, a Virtual Attack Emotional Sternberg Task (VAEST) was used. Neutral faces were presented as distractors and warning signals, which were sometimes followed by a virtual attack, created by having the neutral face turn angry while the image was enlarged. The attack was hypothesized to have one of two effects: to disrupt cognitive processing and thereby increase interference effects, or to terminate a state of freezing and thereby reduce interference effects. The task was successfully completed online by a sample of 59 students. Results clearly show that the virtual attack caused a reduction of interference relative to no-attack trials. The apparent cognitive disruption caused by emotional distractors may thus reflect freezing, which can be reversed by a freeze-terminating stimulus.
Cross-cultural adaptation of research tools: A study on the Cultural Intelligence Scale adaptation in Slovenian
Authors: Boštjančič Eva , Johnson R. Boyd , Belak Urša
Published: June 2018

The article examines the cross-cultural transferability of a widely accepted cross-cultural assessment tool – the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) – using research conducted in Slovenia and insights from the American and Slovenian researchers who translated the tool into Slovene and adapted it for use in Slovenia. In the context of a qualitative focus group based study, the researchers look at the specific characteristics of CQS perceptions within the Slovenian sample (two focus groups – one in the capital and the other in the south of the country) and identify barriers to these perceptions and the specific characteristics of the perceptions of Slovenian citizens regarding cross-cultural interaction.
Group psychodynamic counselling as a clinical training device to enhance metacognitive skills and agency in future clinical psychologists
Authors: Scandurra Cristiano , Picariello Simona , Scafaro Daniela , Bochicchio Vincenzo , Valerio Paolo , Amodeo Anna Lisa
Published: June 2018

Metacognitive skills and agency are among the main psychological abilities a clinical psychologist should have. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of group psychodynamic counselling as a clinical training device able to enhance metacognitive skills and agency in final-year undergraduates in clinical psychology within an educational context. Thirty-three final-year students of clinical psychology participated in an experiential laboratory lasting two months. Participants completed measures regarding metacognitive skills and agency at pre-, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up assessment. The results suggested that group psychodynamic counselling made students feel more capable of recognizing emotional states, understanding causal relationships, inferring mental states of others in terms of beliefs, desires, intentions, and expectations, and thinking critically. Furthermore, the group psychodynamic counselling helped students to feel more able to derive pathways to desired goals and to motivate themselves via agency thinking to use those pathways. Thus, the study confirmed the efficacy of group psychodynamic counselling as a clinical training device able to enhance metacognitive skills and agency in future clinical psychologists.
The use of Tranexamic Acid in Total Elbow Replacement to Reduce Post-Operative Wound Infection
Authors: Mannan Syed , Ali Mohammed , Mazur Lukasz , Chin Mei , Fadulelmola Ahmed
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Background: Incidence of infection following total elbow replacement (TER) is recognised to be higher compared to hip or knee arthroplasty. Extensive swelling following TER can complicate the wound healing which might lead to infection. Tranexamic Acid (TXA) is proven to reduce blood loss peri-operatively which might contribute to better healing outcomes. Our aim is to assess the effect of TXA in wound healing following TER.Methods: A retrospective review of a single surgeon case series. 10 patients had TER mainly for complicated elbow fractures, four of them were relatively immune-supressed. All patients had 2 grams of TXA and antibiotics intra-operatively. All were reviewed at two weeks following surgery for wound check and removal of surgical clips.Results: Seven females and three males with a mean age of 81.5 had TER and TXA. The mean level of pre-operative haemoglobin was 134.40 g/l and the mean post-operative level was 122.70g/l. No patient in this series required blood transfusion. At two weeks and six weeks follow-up, all wound healed up with no signs of infection.Conclusion: TXA has been proven to be safe an effective way of reducing peri-operative bleeding. TXA maintains haemostasis after releasing the tourniquet and therefore reduces the swelling and wound complications post-operatively
ICT SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING AND PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE IN THEIR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: MARKOVIĆ Branko , NEDIĆ Drago , MINIĆ Savo
Published: June 2018

The paper deals with systems for monitoring and protection of wildanimals in their natural environments and the use IoT technologies and solutionsin protected nature reserves. The paper also examines the reasons and possibilitiesfor implementing the above mentioned technical solutions, especially in termsof protecting species from the red list of endangered species. In this sense, thepaper also discusses technological solutions and the possibilities of applying IoTworking framework, the concept of the Internet of animals, and the application ofthese technologies through various business and research models. Finally, the paperprovides examples of solutions from the point of view of the necessary infrastructure(servers, storage, internet, animal necklaces, stationary cameras and drones), aswell as from the point of view of data processing and the legal framework for theapplication of these solutions.
Post-Empiricism and Philosophy of Science
Authors: Marsonet Michele
Published: June 2018

The aim of this paper is to provide some sketchy remarks on the post-empiricist phenomenon in philosophy of science, taking into account the themes of the relationships between language on the one side and reality on the other, and the parallel problem of the alleged elimination of metaphysics. Unlike the logical empiricists, Popper believes that a clear separation between (i) analytic and synthetic sentences, and (ii) between theory and observation, is an impossible task. According to his view, theory and observation are intimately linked to each other, and no pure observation is ever possible. A position very similar to Popper’s was endorsed by the American pragmatists in the last two centuries with Charles S. Peirce, William James and John Dewey. There also are important similarities between what Popper says and William James’ theses. It is clear that if we recognize that the theoretical dimension precedes observation, and if we claim furthermore that scientific theories have a creative character, then we may explain the “jumps” that often take place in the history of science. Later on Feyerabend and his followers have turned philosophy of science into something mysterious and not easily classifiable in philosophical or scientific terms. The anything goes undermines the meaning itself of the discipline. If science is equated to any other dimension of spirit - art, religion, or even witchcraft - the specific and cognitive character of scientific rationality is eliminated. It follows that philosophy of science loses any meaningful role within the field of human knowledge, while even philosophy as such becomes more similar to a joke than to a serious endeavor.
Scientific Ethics in Teaching of Social Sciences in Iran
Authors: Qarakhani Masoumeh , Mirzaie Seyyed Ayatollah
Published: June 2018

The ethic of education is a set of professional rules and regulations agreed upon by the scientific community that obliges actors to comply with codes of conduct in the science education process. This article is asking about levels and types of academic dishonesty and recognizing factors affecting it in Iran’s social sciences education. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews with Ph.D. students of public Universities in Tehran were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Research findings show that academic dishonesty and factors affecting it are evident in the education of social science at two levels of micro and macro. At the micro or actor’s level, individual characteristics and personality traits of students and professors impact on the occurrence of academic dishonesty. Moreover, at the macro or structural level, the way of distribution of resources and rules in the education paves the way for and facilitates the occurrence of academic dishonesty. Consequently, dishonesty in the education of Iran’s social sciences and factors affecting it can be explained in the light of a structuration approach.
Asian-style export-led growth and the role of law
Authors: Zaganjori Renis
Published: June 2018

This paper analyses the growth of Asian economies through its export-led industrialisation policies. Such growth has been uniquely achieved without greater reliance to law, which the neoliberal approach considers integral to development. Among others, this approach relies on private laws for the protection of property and contractual rights for the efficient and smooth functioning of the market where the state has little or no intervention. In this regard, the paper discusses the role of law in development and economic growth. It is submitted that the instrumental use of law and active state intervention in the Asian examples considered in this paper raises significant doubts on the necessity of law for economic growth.
Dynamic succession of substrate-associated bacterial composition and function duringGanoderma lucidumgrowth
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yan Lijuan , Li Qiang , Zou Jie , Tan Hao , Tan Wei , Peng Weihong , Li Xiaolin , Zhang Xiaoping
Published: June 2018

Background

Ganoderma lucidum, a valuable medicinal fungus, is widely distributed in China. It grows alongside with a complex microbial ecosystem in the substrate. As sequencing technology advances, it is possible to reveal the composition and functions of substrate-associated bacterial communities.

Methods

We analyzed the bacterial community dynamics in the substrate during the four typical growth stages ofG. lucidumusing next-generation sequencing.

Results

The physicochemical properties of the substrate (e.g. acidity, moisture, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium) changed between different growth stages. A total of 598,771 sequences from 12 samples were obtained and assigned to 22 bacterial phyla.ProteobacteriaandFirmicuteswere the dominant phyla. Bacterial community composition and diversity significantly differed between the elongation stage and the other three growth stages. LEfSe analysis revealed a large number of bacterial taxa (e.g.Bacteroidetes,AcidobacteriaandNitrospirae) with significantly higher abundance at the elongation stage. Functional pathway prediction uncovered significant abundance changes of a number of bacterial functional pathways between the elongation stage and other growth stages. At the elongation stage, the abundance of the environmental information processing pathway (mainly membrane transport) decreased, whereas that of the metabolism-related pathways increased.

Discussion

The changes in bacterial community composition, diversity and predicted functions were most likely related to the changes in the moisture and nutrient conditions in the substrate with the growth ofG. lucidum, particularly at the elongation stage. Our findings shed light on theG. lucidum-bacteria-substrate relationships, which should facilitate the industrial cultivation ofG. lucidum.
Seasonal dynamics alter taxonomical and functional microbial profiles in Pampa biome soils under natural grasslands
Authors: Barboza Anthony Diego Muller , Pylro Victor Satler , Jacques Rodrigo Josemar Seminot , Gubiani Paulo Ivonir , de Quadros Fernando Luiz Ferreira , Trindade Júlio Kuhn da , Triplett Eric W. , Roesch Luiz
Published: June 2018

Soil microbial communities’ assembly is strongly tied to changes in temperature and moisture. Although microbial functional redundancy seems to overcome taxonomical composition changes, the sensitivity and resilience of soil microbial communities from subtropical regions in response to seasonal variations are still poorly understood. Thus, the development of new strategies for biodiversity conservation and sustainable management require a complete understanding of the soil abiotic process involved in the selection of microbial taxa and functions. In this work, we used state of the art molecular methodologies (Next Generation Sequencing) to compare the taxonomic (metataxonomics) and functional (metatranscriptomics) profiles among soil samples from two subtropical natural grasslands located in the Pampa biome, Brazil, in response to short-term seasonal variations. Our data suggest that grasslands maintained a stable microbial community membership along the year with oscillation in abundance. Apparently soil microbial taxa are more susceptible to natural climatic disturbances while functions are more stable and change with less intensity along the year. Finally, our data allow us to conclude that the most abundant microbial groups and functions were shared between seasons and locations reflecting the existence of a stable taxonomical and functional core microbiota.
Relationship betweenAcropora milleporajuvenile fluorescence and composition of newly establishedSymbiodiniumassemblage
Authors: Quigley Kate M. , Strader Marie E. , Matz Mikhail V.
Published: June 2018

Coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis is the key biological interaction enabling existence of modern-type coral reefs, but the mechanisms regulating initial host–symbiont attraction, recognition and symbiont proliferation thus far remain largely unclear. A common reef-building coral,Acropora millepora,displays conspicuous fluorescent polymorphism during all phases of its life cycle, due to the differential expression of fluorescent proteins (FPs) of the green fluorescent protein family. In this study, we examine whether fluorescent variation in young coral juveniles exposed to natural sediments is associated with the uptake of disparateSymbiodiniumassemblages determined using ITS-2 deep sequencing. We found thatSymbiodiniumassemblages varied significantly when redness values varied, specifically in regards to abundances of clades A and C. Whether fluorescence was quantified as a categorical or continuous trait, clade A was found at higher abundances in redder juveniles. These preliminary results suggest juvenile fluorescence may be associated withSymbiodiniumuptake, potentially acting as either an attractant to ecologically specific types or as a mechanism to modulate the internal light environment to controlSymbiodiniumphysiology within the host.
T cell development and the physiological role of O‐GlcNAc
Authors: Abramowitz Lara K. , Hanover John A.
Published: June 2018

O‐GlcNAcylation is an essential post‐translational modification important for integrating metabolism with cell physiology. Using diverse model systems, studies of this evolutionarily conserved intracellular glycosylation have highlighted its role in stem cell maintenance, lineage specification, and disease. Although discovered over 30 years ago, the study of O‐GlcNAc continues to evolve and uncover surprising roles for O‐GlcNAc and the enzymes of O‐GlcNAc cycling: O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O‐GlcNAcase (OGA). In this review, using the immune system as a model of stem cell biology and cell fate determination, we discuss how O‐GlcNAc is at the nexus of metabolism, proliferation, and disease.