bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Minat Beli Halal Branding Skincare Safi
Authors: Sari Khairunnisa Permata , Manggabarani Alfatih , Ishak Rusdi Musa
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini meneliti tentang minat beli masyarakat terhadap produk skincare Safi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variabel apa saja yang mempengaruhi minat beli masyarakat terhadap produk sincare Safi, penelitian ini mencangkup variabel halal branding, endorser non-selebrity serta brand trust. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 responden dengan teknik simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data ini menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pendekatan Structural Equation Model (SEM) berbasis Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: (1) halal branding tidak berpengaruh terhadap minat beli dengan nilai thitung 1,774 < ttabel 1,985 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,077 > 0,05; (2) halal branding berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap brand trsut dengan nilai thitung 5,594 > ttabel 1,985 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000 < 0,05; (3) endorser non-selebrity berpengaruh positif terhadap minat beli dengan nilai thitung 3,480 > ttabel 1,985 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,001 < 0,05; (4) endorser non-selebrity berpengaruh positif terhadaap Brand Trust dengan nilai thitung 3,984 > ttabel 1,985 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000 < 0,05; (5) Brand Trust berpengaruh positif terhadap minat beli dengan nilai thitung 7,932 > ttabel 1,985 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Koefisien determinasi. Kata Kunci : Halal Branding, Endorser Non-Selebrity, Brand Trust, Minat Beli, Produk Skincare Safi
Informal English through sitcoms
Authors: Lima Anielli Renata Diamante Candido , Senefonte Fábio Henrique Rosa
Published: January 2021

In light of studies on informal language teaching (SENEFONTE, 2018) and drawing on Socio-Discursive Interactionism (BRONCKART, 1999), this research aims at presenting a didactic proposal involving a sequence of systematized activities that address informal English through the sitcom genre. Therefore, this study belongs to the area of Applied Sociolinguistics and the field of language teaching/learning and teacher education. The first episode of the show How I met your mother forms the basis for the development of the exercises, which encompass current trends in language teaching and learning. The literature review conducted in this paper reveals the scarcity of studies on the teaching of informal English through sitcoms or any other audiovisual genre, suffice it to prove relevant the debate on this theme. To sum up, this paper is expected to expand the literature on this topic and enable teachers to reflect over their practices concerning language variations.
Alfabetização em inglês como língua adicional através do Método Fônico Sintético
Authors: Ferreira Lucas Gabriel da Silva , Hitotuzi Nilton
Published: January 2021

O Método Fônico Sintético (MFS) é frequentemente usado em países anglófonos para o ensino de leitura na língua materna. Em outros países, os dados sobre o uso do MFS para o ensino de leitura em línguas adicionais são escassos. Assim, o estudo relatado neste trabalho teve como objetivo compreender o processo de alfabetização em inglês como língua adicional (ILA) de duas crianças brasileiras por meio do MFS em um curso de extensão realizado em uma universidade federal da Amazônia. Os dados foram coletados por meio de gravações em áudio e vídeo e entrevistas. A análise temática foi utilizada para análise e interpretação dos dados. Os resultados sugerem que o MFS é eficaz para ensinar crianças que falam português do Brasil a ler em inglês. A análise também revelou alguns fatores que influenciam as habilidades de leitura dos alunos em ILA e sua atitude em relação ao MFS, abrindo novas possibilidades para estudos futuros nessa área.
Instead of an Editorial: Mission Statements by Representatives of Both Fields
Authors: Müller-Wood Anja
Published: January 2021

The following mission statements by linguists and literary scholars working in different institutional and cultural contexts and at different stages of their careers are intended to map out the terrain covered by this journal. They tell similar stories about how these scholars came to cross the disciplinary boundary that too often divides their two fields, and they reveal a number of shared interests and emphases. But they also highlight the diversity of methodologies to which this journal is open – from metrics and stylistics to the cognitive sciences and Systemic Functional Grammar. The hopes and expectations voiced by the authors are partly pragmatic, expressing the wish that the journal’s Open Access format will have a broader reach than a journal published in the “traditional” way would, notably to colleagues outside of Western Europe. They also, however, emphasise the journal’s potential to shape our conception of “literary linguistics” and, therefore, to make an innovative contribution to shaping what continues to be a contested and often misunderstood “field”.
Metaphors We May Not Live By
Authors: Hoover David Lowell
Published: January 2021

Metaphors We Live By created an immediate stir in 1980, and it continues to spur interest in cognitive linguistics, cognitive stylistics, and metaphor theory. This article uses both collocations and random samples of words used in conceptual metaphors to search for corpus evidence of the pervasiveness of conceptual metaphor that was unavailable to Lakoff and Johnson. Some metaphors, such as TIME IS MONEY, are pervasive in giant natural language corpora. Others, such as MORE IS UP, are frequent in clearly and consciously metaphorical forms, but relatively rare in the basic forms that would clearly show that we use metaphor to understand more abstract concepts in terms of concrete ones. Some, including ARGUMENT IS WAR, that Lakoff and Johnson discuss throughout their book, are poorly represented. Some gaps in evidence probably result from multiple ways of expressing a complex conceptual metaphors, but others suggest that intuitive plausibility is an insecure basis for argument.
Features of Discourse Presentation in Translation: Literary and Narratological Insights into Translation Universals
Authors: Kuusi Päivi
Published: January 2021

Several translation scholars have recognised translation as a form ofdiscourse mediation or discourse presentation (see, for example, Mossop 1998). In line with this, ‘universals’ of translation have also been re-framed in the larger context of discourse mediation, as mediation universals rather than something strictly translationspecific (Ulrych 2009). In the present article, this line of enquiry is developed by comparing some of the alleged universals of translation, namely standardization and explicitation, with insights from literary and narratological studies on the nature of discourse presentation. The notion of reportive or interpretative interference (Sternberg 1982) and Fludernik’s (1993) claim that all represented discourse is typical and schematic in nature seem to bear curious resemblance to the notion of standardization or normalization, posited as a possible universal of translation (Mauranen & Kujamäki 2004). Drawing on the results of my earlier research (Kuusi 2011), I present examples of free indirect discourse (FID) used in Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment with their translations into Finnish. Analyzing the translations, I demonstrate how intranslations, the narratological and literary-theoretical notions of reportive interference and typification/schematization coincide with the translation-theoretical notions of explicitation and standardization.
Changing Norms in Translated Finnish Fiction: A Study of Non-standard Varieties
Authors: Tiittula Liisa , Nuolijärvi Pirkko
Published: January 2021

The article deals with Finnish translations of varieties of spoken language in fiction from the late 19th century to the beginning of the 2000s. It presents the central findings of a comprehensive study on the changes and developments of translational norms in Finnish literature. The study is based on a corpus consisting of 200 literary works (the original and its translations are counted as one work), representing various genres: literary fiction, young-adult fiction, as well as genre fiction (romance and crime). During this 100-year period, the use of colloquial variants in translations has strongly increased, influenced by the changing literary and linguistic norms of original Finnish literature. The norms of different literary genres, however, vary, and rich, non-standard variation can be found in translated works from different periods.
Postcolonial Literature and World Englishes: A Corpus-Based Approach of Modes of Representation of the Non-Standard in Writing
Authors: Percillier Michael , Paulin Catherine
Published: January 2021

The present study investigates the representation of non-standardised varieties of English in literary prose texts. This is achieved by creating and annotating a corpus of literary texts from Scotland, West Africa, and Southeast Asia. The analysis addresses two major topics. Firstly, the extent of representation reveals clearly distinct feature profiles across regions, coupled with varying feature densities. Feature profiles are also relevant to individual characters, as certain traits such as social status, ethnicity, or age can be signalled by linguistic means. The second topic, accuracy of representation, compares the features observed in literary texts with descriptions of the actual varieties, and suggests that representations of varieties may differ from their real-life models in the sense that highly frequent features may be absent from texts, while less frequent but more emblematic ones, or even invented ones, may be used by authors to render a variety of English in their texts.
“A style which defies convention, tradition, homogeneity, prudence, and sometimes even syntax”
Authors: Nais Lisa
Published: January 2021

Combining the methods of stylistics and literary criticism, this essay takes a fresh look at two texts that have been analysed ad nauseam: Henry James’s The Portrait of a Lady and Edith Wharton’s The Age of Innocence. I use James’s late style as a touchstone to compare and contrast the two texts. Analysing syntax by means of close textual analysis of the novels’ opening paragraphs as well as metaphorical language, employing the corpus analysis programme AntConc to survey the entire texts, I aim to show that James’s 1881 text anticipates his late style and Wharton’s 1920 text appropriates it to suit her own agenda. However, in respectively anticipating and appropriating this style, James and Wharton create different effects. James intensifies his female protagonist’s “world of thought and feeling,” creating a fictional world with literary equality for both genders, while Wharton subverts gender roles in a scathing critique of Gilded Age society, which did not allow for this other “world of thought and feeling”. In addition to positioning both novels as inherently feminist and progressive, this essay compares Wharton’s writing to James’s, but without presupposing the latter’s influence on the former. Instead, acknowledging the fluidity of style, I hope to put forward a convincing case that there are subtle differences that make these authors’ styles Jamesian and Whartonian, respectively.
'You don't mind my calling you Harry?'
Authors: Backhaus Peter
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the use of address terms in John Updike's Rabbit books ((Updike 1995). As will be argued, the data provide a unique, long-term perspective on how an individual is addressed in American society. The first part of the analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the great variety of address terms used towards the protagonist, Harry Angstrom, in the decades covered by the books. In a second step, the paper focuses on two important side characters to examine how their address behavior changes through the course of the series. The main aim of the paper is to demonstrate the great potential of fictional data for the study of address terms and, vice versa, how the study of address terms can contribute to a more profound understanding of a literary text.
Narrative Structures in Cross-linguistic Perspective: English, Hobongan, and Daqan
Authors: Perkins Marla
Published: January 2021

It has been noted (Perkins, 2009; Zwaan 1999; Zwaan and Radvansky, 1998) that causality, character, location, and time are the four main aspects of narrative discourse, even if not attended to in equal ways—for example, in English, character is highly ranked, and the locational/spatial components have often been underestimated. However, this is not a universal ranking. In a partial report on field work conducted in Borneo in 2012-2015, I note typological patterns in stylistic preferences within a selection of short narratives in English, Hobongan, and Daqan (the latter two are Austronesian). The strategies identified in the languages, by which the rankings of the various types of narrative information are foregrounded or backgrounded, include focus particles (Hobongan), specificity of description, or lack thereof (each), what component is most involved in driving the narrative forward (each), and frequency of information given about different components of the narrative (each). For example, English narratives center around a character or characters, and a great deal of specific information is given about such characters. In Hobongan, by contrast, the characters are backgrounded relative to the locational information provided, which is given specific description and is marked repeatedly as the focus of the narrative. In Daqan, still another pattern can be identified, that of a given duration providing the justification for and coherence throughout a narrative. It is suggested that analyses of the stylistics of information in narrative be included in typological categorizations and linguistic descriptions of languages, and that such analyses need, as much as possible, to be informed by an understanding of preferred patterns in different languages.
Estimation of bat colony size even with low recapture rates: an example based on the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model in Oaxaca, México
Authors: Santos-Moreno Antonio , Hernández-Aguilar Itandehui
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Reproduction is a critical phase for most living organisms and in bats the reproductive strategies exhibit considerable complexity and variability. Objective: In this paper, we describe the reproductive patterns and population dynamics of seven bat species (Artibeus toltecus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina, Mormoops megalophylla, Pteronotus davyi, Pteronotus parnellii and Natalus stramineus) that roost in a mine (La Mina) and two caves (El Apanguito and Cerro Huatulco) found in the municipalities of Pluma Hidalgo and Santa Maria Huatulco, in the State of Oaxaca, in southeastern México. Methods: Sampling was conducted once a month from July 2016 to June 2017. Results: A total of 5 836 bats were captured, tagged and, released, including 14 species, 10 genera, and five families. The most abundant species were Pteronotus davyi and P. parnellii, representing 41.01 % and 32.34 % of the captures, respectively. Artibeus toltecus, Carollia perspicillata, and Glossophaga soricina showed seasonal bimodal polyoestry without a postpartum oestrus pattern, whereas Mormoops megalophylla, Natalus stramineus, Pteronotus davyi, and Pteronotus parnellii showed a restricted seasonal monoestrous pattern. Conclusions: The reproductive activity of each species seems to be synchronized with the beginning of the rainy season. Future studies should consider aspects of vaginal cytology and include environmental factors to better understand the relationship of certain factors with the onset of reproductive activity of neotropical bat species.
Estructura y composición arbórea en un gradiente altitudinal del Área Natural Protegida Metzabok, Chiapas, México
Authors: Sánchez Gutiérrez Facundo , Valdez Hernández Juan Ignacio , Hernández de la Rosa Patricia , Sánchez Escudero Julio , Sol Sánchez Ángel , Castillejos Cruz Carlos , Brindis-Santos Alfredo Isaac Isaac
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Las selvas albergan más de la mitad de las especies del planeta, a pesar de la biodiversidad que poseen son los ambientes más amenazados, principalmente por actividades antrópicas, y su complejidad con relación a la altitud alberga vacíos de información a pesar de los valores que representa. Objetivo: Describir la estructura y diversidad de árboles en un gradiente altitudinal. Métodos: En cinco estratos altitudinales (EA) se establecieron 21 unidades de muestreo (UM) de 20 x 50 m: seis en el EA1, cinco en EA2, cuatro en EA3, tres en EA4 y 5. La estructura se caracterizó mediante las categorías diamétricas y de altura, y de los índices de valor de importancia (IVI) y forestal (IVF). La diversidad se analizó con los índices de Shannon-Wiener (H´) y Simpson (S), mientras la semejanza florística con el coeficiente de Sørensen (IS). Resultados: Se registraron 209 especies, ocho registradas en la Norma Oficial Mexicana-059-Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales-2010 (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2019). Las especies con los mayores IVI e IVF fueron: Haematoxylum campechianum y Manilkara zapota en EA1; Rinorea guatemalensis y Pouteria reticulata en EA2; M. zapota y Brosimum alicastrum en EA3; Guatteria anomala y Pseudolmedia spuria en EA4; y Terminalia amazonia y Pouteria durlandii en EA5. En los cinco EA se identificaron tres rangos de altura y seis de diámetro, el mayor número de individuos se encontró en la primera categoria diamétrica. La diversidad de las especies fue menor a mayor altitud. En los EA 2 y 3 se presentó la mayor semejanza (IS = 58.7 %). Conclusión: La estructura y diversidad de las especies arbóreas, presentan mayores cambios en intervalos altitudinales más amplios, relacionados con la necesidad ambiental de cada especie.
Drivers of diversity and altitudinal distribution of chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Villamarín Christian , Villamarín-Cortez Santiago , Salcido Danielle M. , Herrera-Madrid Mauricio , Ríos-Touma Blanca
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) are the most globally diverse and widely distributed aquatic insects. Despite their prevalence in lotic systems, little is known about the ecology and diversity of tropical species relative to other aquatic insect taxa, particularly at the immature stages. Objective: Characterize chironomid diversity across an elevational gradient in Southwestern Ecuador and water quality parameters associated with their composition. Methods: Samples were collected using a Surber net in forty rivers within four watersheds in the Ecuadorian Andes comprised of montane and dry lowland forest and spanning an elevational gradient of 3 120 m.a.s.l. Various physic chemical variables were measured including oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature, and pH. Results: Generally, environmental variables were strongly correlated with the composition of chironomid communities. Variation in the chriomid communities was most strongly associated with oxygen, conductivity and pH. The presence of Parametriocnemus, Cricotopus f4, Cricotopus sp3., Cricotopus (Isocladius), Oliveiriella, Onconeura, Alotanypus and Pentaneura was associated with lower temperatures, high dissolved oxygen and low conductivity while assemblages of Cricotopus sp., Rheotanytarsus, Tanytarsus, and Chironomus were associated with high conductivity and low concentrations of dissolved oxygen. The RELATE analysis showed that local environmental characteristics are determine the composition of the chironomid community. Conclusions: Similarity among local environmental factors was strongly correlated to similarity among Chironomidae assemblages, especially with variables such as oxygen concentration, pH and conductivity, whose variables are highly correlated to land use and dominant vegetation in the watersheds sampled.
Composición química y producción de follaje de Erythrina americana (Fabaceae) en cercos vivos durante dos épocas climáticas
Authors: Oliva Hernández Jorge , López Herrera María Aurelia , Castillo Linares Erika Belem
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Erythrina americana es una leguminosa arbórea que se encuentra como parte del cerco en las fincas ganaderas de la región tropical. Sin embargo, los productores de ovinos no utilizan el follaje de este tipo de leguminosa de forma rutinaria o estratégica como complemento alimenticio debido, en parte, por el desconocimiento de su composición química y rendimiento foliar, así como, por los factores que los afectan. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la época climática y diámetro del árbol E. americana en la composición química y rendimiento de follaje a una edad de rebrote de 90 días. Método: Se utilizaron 47 árboles en un diseño de dos factores. Los factores fueron época (sequía y lluvias) y diámetro del árbol a 0.20 m de altura del suelo (D-9 entre 0.05 y 0.09 m y D-13, entre 0.091 y 0.13 m). Las variables respuesta fueron producción de materia seca y proteína bruta foliar (kg árbol-1). Resultados: La época no afectó (P > 0.05) la producción de materia seca y proteína bruta. Sin embargo, el diámetro de E. americana si las afectó (P < 0.01). En el diámetro D-13 se detectó la mayor producción de materia seca y proteína bruta foliar con respecto a D-9. Conclusión: El diámetro del árbol tuvo mayor influencia que la época en el rendimiento de materia seca y proteína bruta foliar.
Traditional practices of the ethnoveterinary plants in the Kaghan Valley, Western Himalayas-Pakistan
Authors: Shoaib Ghazala , Shah Ghulam Mujtaba , Shad Nasir , Dogan Yunus , Siddique Zeeshan , Shah Abbas Hussain , Farooq Muhammad , Khan Khalid Rasheed , Nedelcheva Anely
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Indigenous people in a far-flung mountainous area without basic facilities, mainly rely on medicinal plants to cope with various veterinary health problems. Objective: The present study was carried out to explore the traditional knowledge of ethnoveterinary practices in Kaghan Valley, district Mansehra, Western Himalayas-Pakistan. Method: Ethnoveterinary data were collected between February to October 2014 from nine villages of the Kaghan Valley by involving 80 local people include traditional healers using a semi-structured interview. Results: A sum of 41 plant taxa of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants was documented for treating livestock ailments. Out of which, herbaceous plants were recorded with high percentage (27 species, 65.8 %). Most of the species were used to treat gastrointestinal diseases (12 taxa), followed by health improvement (7 taxa). The widely used part of plants for livestock aliments was the whole plant (9 species) followed by leaves (7 species), and preparation were paste (18 species) followed by powder with 10 species. The highest used values were recorded for Arisaema costatum (0.82), Primula denticulata (0.76), and high relative frequency citations for Berberis lyceum and Dryopteris ramosa with 0.37 each. Among the plant species Skimmia laureola, Thymus linearis and Phytolacca latbenia were among the taxa with cent fidelity level. Conclusion: The flora used in traditional remedies of the valley was found mostly endemic due to excessive utilization. Thus, further chemical investigation, better utilization and conservation of indigenous use of the reported species should be considered for future work.
Low cytotoxicity, and antiproliferative activity on cancer cells, of the plant Senna alata (Fabaceae)
Authors: Modarresi Chahardehi Amir , Arsad Hasni , Ismail Noor Zafirah , Lim Vuanghao
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The leaves of Senna alata from the Fabaceae family have been used in folk medicine for the cure of skin disease. In this study, we tested the extract and fractions on brine shrimp lethality test and antiproliferative activity on cancer and normal cell lines. Objective: In this study, we assessed the cytotoxicity of S. alata using brine shrimp test and two cell lines. Methods: The 80 % ethanolic leaf extract and its fractions were examined for possible cytotoxic effect using sulforhodamine B (SRB) cytotoxicity assay towards breast cancer (MCF-7), normal (MCF10A) cell lines, and brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Results: The brine shrimp lethality bioassay exhibits no cytotoxicity even at high concentration (5 000 µg/mL). The LC50 for dichloromethane, chloroform, butanol, and aqueous were > 1 000 µg/mL (non-toxic). The IC50 for in vitro SRB cytotoxicity against MCF-7 for n-hexane was 0.013 µg/mL, which was considered highly toxic, while dichloromethane and chloroform recorded at 47.11 and 57.61 µg/mL, respectively after 72 hours exposure time although there was no cytotoxicity found on the normal cell line. Conclusion: This study shows that S. alata crude ethanolic leaf extract and its fractions potentially contain significant bioactive compounds that are safe from adverse effects, which proves the therapeutic application of S. alata in traditional remedy.
Effect of climato-environmental parameters on chlorophyll a concentration in the lower Ganga basin, India
Authors: Das Sarkar Soma , Sarkar Uttam Kumar , Naskar Malay , Roy Koushik , Bose Arun Kumar , Nag Subir Kumar , Karnatak Gunjan , Das Basanta Kumar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Chlorophyll a concentration proxies the phytoplankton biomass which directly involves in signifying the production functions of aquatic ecosystem. Thus, it is imperative to understand their spatio-temporal kinetics in lotic environment with reference to regional climatic variabilities in the tropical inland waters. Objective: In-situ studies were conducted to examine the changes in phytoplankton biomass in lower Ganga basin as influenced by various environmental parameters under regional climatic variability during 2014-2016. Methods: Firstly, the most key influential environmental parameters on riverine Chl-a concentration were determined. Then the direct cascading effect of changing climatic variables on key environmental parameters were derived through modeling and quantified probable changes in mean Chl-a concentration in the lower stretch of river. Results: Only five environmental parameters namely water temperature, total dissolved solid, salinity, total alkalinity and pH were key factors influencing Chl-a (Multiple R2: 0.638, P < 0.05). Present estimates indicate that if the present rate of regional climatic variability over the last 3 decades (mean air temperature + 0.24 °C, total annual rainfall -196.3 mm) remain consistent over the next three decades (2015-2045), an increase in mean Chl-a by + 170 µgL-1 may likely be expected grossly reaching about 475.94 µg L-1 by the year 2045 or more. Conclusions: The present study is first such comprehending a gross hint towards the probable ecosystem response with an alternative model based methodology in data-deficient situations. Subsequently, the output would also be of great benefit for increase water governance and developing strategy protocol for sustainable water management for greater ecosystem services.
Gall traits and galling insect survival in a multi-enemy context
Authors: Costa Rezende Uiara , Fernandes Cardoso João Custódio , Hanson Paul , Oliveira D. C.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The enemy hypothesis postulates that gall traits protect galling insects against natural enemies. Galls show a huge range of sizes, colors and ornaments, which vary even intraspecifically. However, galling insects are targets of various organisms that attack them directly or indirectly. In this context, to consider only one gall trait to investigate gall structure acting against only one guild of enemies can conceal an understanding of the community-level interactions. Objective: Herein, we take these ideas into consideration to investigate the conspicuous galls induced by Palaeomystella oligophaga Becker and Adamski 2008 (Lepidoptera) on Macairea radula (Bonpl.) (Melastomataceae) as a model system. We characterize this system through categorization of the different enemy guilds present in the community. We identified them to the lowest taxonomic level possible and determined the kind of interaction responsible for galling insects’ deaths. Considering the enemy hypothesis and the selection of secondary characteristics, we also aimed to determine which of the multiple gall traits influence the survival success of galling insects in a multi-enemy context. Methods: We inspected galls and characterized the enemy guilds affecting the galling insect and the mortality rates produced by each one of them. Next, we tested whether the distinct gall traits measured (parenchyma thickness, color, projections) promote galling insect survival with respect to each enemy. Results: The mortality induced by indirect enemies (organisms that interact with gall tissues and can interact secondarily with galling insect) was 47.3 %, being higher than that caused by parasitoids and predators (31.5 %). Despite the gall’s structural complexity, live galling insects showed the smallest occurrence (21.2 %). Parenchyma thickness was negatively related to Calliephialtes parasitoids, Gelechiidae cecidophages and predation signals. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the attacks to gall tissues by the cecidophages represented the highest threat to P. oligophaga survival, being higher than the mortality caused by direct enemies. That is, the gall traits were not as efficient as supposed to protect the galling insect from the attack of natural enemies. Nevertheless, we also demonstrated that parenchyma thickness can be negatively related to some organisms, especially direct enemies. Other traits hypothesized as defensive (e.g. projections, coloration) may simply play no role.
Distribución espacial y variables explicativas de capturas de Thunnus albacares (Perciformes: Scombridae) y especies no objetivo por la flota internacional de cerco en el Pacífico de Costa Rica
Authors: Cubero-Pardo Priscilla , Chavarría-Chaves Juan B. , Romero-Chaves Raquel
Published: January 2021

Introducción: En los ambientes marinos del Pacífico de Costa Rica, la actividad pesquera por la flota cerquera internacional es importante debido a su amplio alcance y fuerte impacto. Objetivo: Evaluar la distribución espacial de la captura de atún aleta amarilla y especies no objetivo por esa flota, y posibles correlaciones con variables ambientales y pesqueras. Métodos: Aplicamos estadísticas geoespaciales y modelos de regresión múltiple en datos de la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical, del 2002 al 2011. Utilizamos una grilla del tamaño de la Zona Económica Exclusiva (ZEE) con 1 124 celdas de 22 x 22 km (unidad de análisis), para un total de 11 240 celdas-año. Resultados: El atún mediano (presumiblemente inmaduro en su mayoría), delfines, mantas y rayas fueron capturados mayormente dentro del Domo Térmico (noreste de la ZEE). Las más altas capturas de atún pequeño (inmaduro en su totalidad), tiburones, picudos, dorado, peto y diversas especies pequeñas, ocurrieron en el extremo sur. El atún grande (maduro) fue capturado especialmente en el centro de la ZEE, hacia el este del Área Marina de Manejo Montes Submarinos y el Parque Nacional Marino Isla del Coco. Los atunes, dorado, delfines, mantas y rayas mostraron gran fidelidad de sitio por asociación con variables geográficas y ambientales, a la vez que el atún pequeño estuvo asociado a lances sobre objetos flotantes y el atún grande a lances sobre delfines. La heterogeneidad de las especies no objetivo probablemente escondió la mayoría de las correlaciones. Conclusiones: La pesca está afectando los niveles tróficos más altos y es necesario un diseño de zonificación ajustado para proteger mejor el domo térmico y considerar la susceptibilidad al uso de redes de cerco.
Population size structure and abnormalities in the number of rays of the Sea Star Pentaceraster cumingi (Valvatida: Oreasteridae) in Bahía Chamela, Mexican Pacific
Authors: Galván-Villa Cristian Moisés , Solís-Marín Francisco Alonso
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The Panamic Cushion Star Pentaceraster cumingi is widely distributed along the Tropical Eastern Pacific. This species strictly produces only five arms, but sometimes, this number varies or show another kind of abnormality. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the population size structure and abnormalities occurrence in the radial pattern of P. cumingi in Bahía Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico. Methods: The population was monitored along four years (2016-2019), in two seasonal periods (warm and cold). During fieldwork, a random sample of individuals was collected. Every starfish was measured, weighted, and evaluated to identify any abnormality on its radial pattern. Results: The highest density of P. cumingi was found in October 2019 (2.03 ± 0.05 ind/m-2), the lower in March 2017 (0.66 ± 0.13 ind/m-2). A total of 849 individuals were collected. For 5-armed starfishes, the average length was 123.8 ± 15.2 mm and the average weight of 326.0 ± 62.4 g. The most frequent length classes ranged from 110 to 120 mm. Of the total of individuals sampled 0.82 % had four arms, 1.06 % six, and 1.41 % had one bifurcated arm. Conclusions: There were differences in the population density and size structure of P. cumingi between seasons. The main causes of abnormalities in the starfish could be due to the changes that occur during larval metamorphosis or by an abnormal regeneration of the arms after a predation attempt.
Reconstrucción de precipitación y temperatura con anillos de crecimiento anual del ciprés Taxodium mucronatum (Taxodiaceae) en Coahuila, México
Authors: Villanueva-Díaz José , Martínez-Sifuentes Aldo Rafael , Reyes-Camarillo Fátima Del Rocío , Estrada-Ávalos Juan
Published: January 2021

Introducción: La determinación del clima en cuencas productoras de agua, como la del río Sabinas, Coahuila, donde no existe información de su variabilidad, se puede estimar mediante anillos de crecimiento de ahuehuete (Taxodium mucronatum Ten.), especie longeva con anillos bien definidos, presente en las zonas ribereñas, constituye un “proxy” de la variabilidad climática interanual y multianual. Objetivo: Desarrollar una reconstrucción estacional de precipitación y temperatura máxima y analizar la influencia que ejercen fenómenos de circulación global en el crecimiento de la especie. Métodos: Los núcleos de crecimiento del ahuehuete fueron datados a través de técnicas dendrocronológicas para producir una serie de ancho de anillo. Se utilizaron datos de mallas del clima de dos bases de datos para desarrollar el análisis de la función de respuesta con fines de reconstrucción climática. Resultados: Una cronología de anillo total de 218 años (1808–2018) se desarrolló con especímenes de ahuehuete en parajes del Río Sabinas, con la que se generó una reconstrucción estacional de precipitación abril–junio y de temperatura máxima junio–julio. El periodo detectado más seco ocurrió de 1815 a 1818 con una precipitación de 27.39 mm y una temperatura máxima de 41.16 °C; mientras que el año más húmedo fue 1828 con 393.72 mm. La cronología de anillo total, se correlacionó con los índices de sequía SPEI y PDSI, y con índices de fenómenos atmosféricos como El Niño Oscilación del Sur, a través del Índice de Oscilación del Sur y el índice Multivariado; Oscilación Decadal del Pacífico, Oscilación Multidecadl del Atlántico e índices mensuales del Monzón de Norteamérica y temperatura de la superficie del mar. La relación entre el índice de anillo total y el de SPEI mostró significancia en el mes de junio (r = 0.52, p < 0.01), al igual que el PDSI anual (r = 0.38, p < 0.05). El SOI reconstruido noviembre–febrero, se asoció significativamente con la serie dendrocronológica (r = -0.41, p < 0.01). El Monzón de Norteamérica, la Oscilación Decadal del Pacífico y la Oscilación Multidecadal del Atlántico, no mostraron significancia. Conclusiones: En este estudio, desarrollamos una función de respuesta climática y reconstruimos variables climáticas estacionales (precipitación, temperatura máxima) de importancia para desarrollar estrategias de manejo para la conservación del ahuehuete en esta cuenca, e implementar acciones de mitigación para la presencia de eventos climáticos extremos que puede ocurrir en los próximos años.
Morphology, germination, and geographic distribution of Pentaclethra macroloba (Fabaceae): a hyperdominant Amazonian tree
Authors: Dantas Adelson Rocha , Guedes Marcelino Carneiro , Da Cruz Vasconcelos Caroline Da Cruz , Lobo Isacksson Jaynna Gonar , Barbosa Pastana Dayane Nathália , Lira-Guedes Ana Cláudia , Fernandez Piedade Maria Teresa
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Pentaclethra macroloba is a hyperdominant tree in the Amazon estuary of great socioeconomic importance for the region because the oil from its seeds is a powerful herbal medicine. Objective: We aimed to characterize the morphological structure, the morphological adaptations in response to the daily flooding of the Amazon estuary and the biogeographic area of P. macroloba. Methods: Detailed description of the external morphology, from germination to the adult tree, was obtained from individuals located in floodplain forest, Northeast Amazonia. The occupation area and the geographical extension of P. macroloba were determined from point of geographical coordinates of botanical samples deposited in the digital collections of Mobot and SpeciesLink. Results: Adult individuals have adapted structures in response to daily flooding, such as: adventitious roots to increase respiratory efficiency and lenticels in the trunk, serving as a connection point for oxygen transport between the root and the aerial part. Dried fruit favours the activation of the explosive dehiscence mechanism, allowing the seed to be expelled long distance. Deltoid shape of the seed allows water fluctuation and more efficient dispersal. Seedling is phanerocotylar hypogeal and with one pair of reserve cotyledons that provide the seedling an extra source of energy to escape the flood. Germination rate was 78 % and the speed was 0.2 seeds.day-1. Circular buffer method revealed the presence of 123 subpopulations of P. macroloba distributed in a radius of 5 699 943 km² across the Neotropical region. Conclusions: Much of the morphological structures of P. macroloba are adaptive and evolutionary responses to the periodically flooded environment of the Amazon estuary, showing that these environments select the trees, best adapted, to inhabit the flood. P. macroloba has a wide geographical area denotes the plasticity of adapting to different environments, which may justify its monodominance in some regions.
Refugios diurnos del murciélago Rhynchonycteris naso (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae) en Laguna de Términos, Campeche, México
Authors: Borges-Jesús Karla P. , Cú-Vizcarra José D. , Escalona-Segura Griselda , Vargas-Contreras Jorge A.
Published: January 2021

Introducción: La selección de refugios diurnos es un proceso crucial para los murciélagos debido a su influencia en la ecología, organización social y supervivencia de sus poblaciones. El murciélago narigón (Rhynchonycteris naso) es una especie protegida por leyes de México, cuyos refugios y zonas de forrajeo, están estrictamente asociados a cuerpos de agua, principalmente ríos. Por lo tanto, cambios en la calidad del agua suponen un riesgo para sus poblaciones. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre el estado actual de sus poblaciones y refugios diurnos en México, es escaso. Objetivo: Ubicar y describir los refugios diurnos de R. naso y evaluar la relación del tamaño del grupo de murciélagos con las características de los refugios, la salinidad y el pH del agua donde habitan. Métodos: De marzo a octubre 2015, se realizaron búsquedas de refugios diurnos mediante recorridos en lancha a lo largo de ríos, arroyos y lagunas, en once sitios del Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Laguna de Términos, Campeche México. Por cada refugio localizado se registró el tamaño del grupo y su acomodo en el refugio, el tipo de refugio, el tipo de vegetación, la cobertura, la distancia entre refugios, el diámetro del tronco, la salinidad y el pH. Para investigar el efecto de las variables registradas en los refugios sobre el tamaño de cada grupo, se ajustaron Modelos Lineales Generalizados. Resultados: Encontramos 48 refugios en troncos secos, cortezas de árboles y puentes, asociados a cuerpos de agua dulce y oligohalina, principalmente en vegetación de manglar. El promedio (± EE) del tamaño del grupo fue de 5.3 ± 0.48 para los refugios naturales y de 22.6 ± 9.54 para los artificiales. Encontramos una relación significativa con el tipo de refugio, el tipo de vegetación y el diámetro del tronco. Los refugios con tamaño de grupo mayores presentaron un acomodo agregado. Se localizaron 40 refugios sobre cuerpos de agua dulce y ocho en oligohalina con alto nivel de agrupamiento. Conclusiones: La mayor incidencia de refugios en sitios de agua dulce y ligeramente ácida, es explicada bajo la teoría del óptimo forrajeo. Debido a que el área de estudio se encuentra en el límite de su distribución, el manglar representa el tipo de vegetación más importante para garantizar la permanencia de las poblaciones de R. naso. Adicionalmente, debido a que en algunas porciones de la zona de estudio no fue posible encontrar refugios, es crucial llevar a cabo estudios sobre la calidad del agua y los niveles de contaminación en la región. Este estudio proporciona información relevante sobre las poblaciones del murciélago Rhynchonycteris naso con implicaciones directas sobre su conservación en zonas ribereñas y humedales costeros.
Interaction of Bephratelloides cubensis (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) with Annona macroprophyllata fruits in orchards of Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: González-Sánchez José Norman , González-Esquinca Alma Rosa , Durán-Ruiz Claudia Azucena , De-La-Cruz-Chacón Iván , Castro-Moreno Marisol
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Smith. (Annonaceae) (syn. Annona diversifolia Saff.) is a valued fruit tree species known as papausa. In Mexico and Central America, this fruit has become an important crop because of its tasty flavor and high pulp content. Its fruits are frequently damaged by the incidence of wasps of the genus Bephratelloides Girault (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), which develop inside the seeds. Objective: to report the interaction of Bephratelloides cubensis Ashmead during its life cycle in fruits of A. macroprophyllata. Methods: We periodically collected fruits in different states of growth recording a) oviposition, b) the moment of evident infection, c) the development of the wasps inside the seeds, and d) their emergence as adults. We also determined the proportion of damaged fruits and seeds. Results: The data indicate that wasps preferred to oviposit on fruits with a diameter of less than 8 cm, oviposition was more frequent between 11:00 am and 03:00 pm., and there was 26 % infestation of fruits, and 9 % of seeds. Conclusion: It is an obligatory interaction for the wasp, the highest proportion of attack on fruits was in the early stages of fruit development and control actions should focus on the protection of these early stages.
Modele wartości godności człowieka i kwestia sprawiedliwości
Authors: Tytko Karolina
Published: January 2021

W niniejszym artykule podejmujemy próbę przeanalizowania relacji pomiędzy różnymi wartościami godności ludzkiej a sposobem definiowania sprawiedliwości. Rozróżniamy następujące możliwości: godność ma wartość 0 (lub 1/ω), skończoną G lub nieskończoną (rozumianą na dwa sposoby: jako granica i jako liczba hiperrealna K). Przypisanie wartości nieskończonej godności człowieka będzie tożsame z przyjęciem głównych założeń personalistycznych odnośnie do godności osoby. Rozumowanie przeprowadzamy, wykorzystując podstawowe narzędzia modelowania matematycznego. Bierzemy również pod uwagę wartość materialną „warunków początkowych” każdego człowieka, określoną w odniesieniu do danego społeczeństwa i czasu, ale zróżnicowaną dla poszczególnych ludzi. Pokazujemy, że w kontekście problemu sprawiedliwości jest to dodatkowa płaszczyzna badawcza. Proponujemy w efekcie metaetyczną przestrzeń dialogu między personalizmem a utylitaryzmem.
Playing Past Racial Silence
Authors: DOMÍNGUEZ MICHAEL , DOMÍNGUEZ ALICE
Published: January 2021

Too often, classroom conversations and literature choices frame race in homogenizing terms, equating racial identity solely with the experience of marginalization. This can have a chilling effect on students whose cultural context has made race an inaccessible topic, positioning conversations about racial identity beyond their zone of proximal development. Leveraging reflections from student-athletes and an analysis of three YA texts, the authors argue that sports-centered YA literature, by normalizing depictions of race, might be leveraged to serve as a critical entry point for robust classroom conversations about the complexity of racial identity, adding nuance and accessibility to a taboo subject.
Validación de instrumento sobre capacidades cognitivo-prácticas para el tratamiento de mínima intervención de caries dental en la Carrera de Estomatología
Authors: Chaple Gil Alain Manuel , Gispert Abreu Estela de los Ángeles , Fernández Godoy Eduardo
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El desarrollo científico-tecnológico en el tratamiento de la caries dental hace necesario la sistematización del proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje y una didáctica apropiada que permita que los educandos adquieran conocimientos y habilidades para su ejercicio.

Objetivo: Elaborar un instrumento para la medición de la correspondencia del plan de estudios y de la estrategia didáctica con las capacidades cognitivo-prácticas necesarias para el tratamiento de mínima intervención de la caries dental en la Carrera de Estomatología válido en contenido y presentación.

Métodos: Estudio de desarrollo tecnológico en el que participaron 28 expertos seleccionados con base a su trayectoria docente, científica y experiencia en el tema, los mismos ofrecieron sus opiniones a través de cuestionarios auto-gestionados respecto a la claridad, coherencia, precisión, relevancia y presentación del instrumento mencionado. Se empleó el la Razón de Validez de Contenido (Content Validity Ratio, CVR’), por el método de Tristán y el índice de validación de contenido (CVI’).

Resultados: La totalidad de los ítems fueron válidos en los 4 criterios medidos, por lo que coincidieron los CVI global y aceptable. El instrumento mostró, coherencia, precisión y relevancia la claridad con cifras de CVI de 0.90, 0.93, 0.92, y 0.94 respectivamente.

Conclusiones: Se elaboró un instrumento válido en contenido y presentación por lo que está disponible para continuar con la siguiente etapa para su validación final.
Sensitivity of various fibre features on shear capacities of ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete
Authors: Tran Ngoc Thanh , Nguyen Duy Liem , Kim Dong Joo , Ngo Tri Thuong
Published: January 2021

In this study, shear resistance of ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRCs) containing different types (smooth, hooked and twisted fibre), fibre aspect ratios (l/d = 100, 95 and 65) and volume contents (0.0, 0.5 and 1.5 vol.%) of steel fibre was investigated using a new shear test method. Shear resistance of UHPFRCs strongly depended on the fibre type, fibre aspect ratio and fibre volume content. The twisted fibre exhibited the highest resistance in terms of shear strength, shear strain capacity and shear peak toughness, the smooth was the next and the hooked fibres produced the lowest response. The bigger the aspect ratio of fibre added to the mixture, the higher the shear resistance of UHPFRCs can be observed. Besides, the shear resistance of UHPFRCs was significantly enhanced with the increase of fibre volume content. The compressive strength and flowability of all mixtures were also checked. The compressive strength increased from 184 MPa for ultra-high-performance concrete to 210 MPa for UHPFRCs, whereas the flowability of mixtures varied from 203 mm to 250 mm. Finally, a theoretical model to predict the shear resistance of UHPFRC beams without the stirrup bar was proposed and verified.