bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAP-OPT: A software for supporting decision-making in the field of modified atmosphere packaging of fresh non respiring foods
Authors: Guillard Valérie , Couvert Olivier , Stahl Valérie , Buche Patrice , Hanin Aurélie , Denis Catherine , Dibie Juliette , Dervaux Stéphane , Loriot Catherine , Vincelot Thierry , Huchet Véronique , Perret Bruno , Thuault Dominique
Published: January 2018

In this paper,we present the implementation of a dedicated software, MAP-OPT, for optimising the design of ModifiedAtmosphere Packaging of refrigerated fresh, nonrespiring food products. The core principle of this software is to simulate the impact of gas (O2/CO2) exchanges on the growth of gas-sensitive microorganisms in the packed food system. In its simplest way, this tool, associated with a data warehouse storing food, bacteria and packaging properties, allows the user to explore his/her system in a user-friendly manner by adjusting/changing the pack geometry, packaging material and gas composition (mixture of O2/CO2/N2). Via the @Web application, the data warehouse associated with MAP-OPT is structured by an ontology, which allows data to be collected and stored in a standardized format and vocabulary in order to be easily retrieved using a standard querying methodology. In an optimisation approach, the MAP-OPT software enables to determine the packaging characteristics (e.g. gas permeability) suitable for a target application (e.g. maximal bacterial population at the best-before-date). These targeted permeabilities are then used to query the packaging data warehouse using the@Web applicationwhich proposes a ranking of the most satisfying materials for the target application (i.e. packaging materialswhose characteristics are the closest to the target ones identified by the MAP-OPT software). This approach allows a more rational dimensioning of MAP of non-respiring food products by selecting the packaging material fitted to “just necessary” (and not by default, that with the greatest barrier properties). A working example of MAP dimensioning for a strictly anaerobic, CO2-sensitive microorganism, Pseudomonas fluorescens, is given to highlight the usefulness of the software.
Great Vessels Anomalies – Prenatal Echocardiography and Neonatal Angio-CT – A Pictorial Essay
Authors: Respondek-Liberska Maria , Łukaszewski Maciej , Oleś Adam , Podgórski Michał , Grzelak Piotr , Słodki Maciej
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Fetal echocardiography is a method of choice for diagnosing cardiovascular anomalies prenatally. However, in the majority of cases, the complexity of a defect creates a diagnostic challenge. Moreover, postnatal validation of sonographic findings rarely can be obtained. Nevertheless, the feedback is vital for improving diagnostic capabilities. Thus, the aim of this research was to compare results of prenatal echocardiography with postnatal angio-CT in patients with anomalies of great vessels. Material and methods: We retrospectively compared results of prenatal echocardiography and postnatal angio-CT in 10 patients with selected anomalies of the aortic arch. This was a qualitative analysis, thus discrepancies in recognized anomalies were compared between these two modalities. Results: In 8/10 patient diagnoses were fully consistent. Nevertheless, the tiny caliber of vessels created a diagnostic challenge (e.x. to differentiate the hypoplastic aortic arch from the aortic arch interruption). In the remaining case, the discrepancy was due to a problem with complete visualization of all branches of the aortic arch in prenatal ultrasound. Conclusions: Fetal echocardiography in tertiary center was a reliable method for assessment of great vessels anomalies. However, critically narrow vessels remain a diagnostic challenge and neonatal angio-CT seems to be the method of choice in cases of diagnostic doubts.
Retrospective Analysis of Preterm Neonates with Congenital Heart Defects Delivered by Cesarean Section: Unfavourable Outcomes a Necessity for Fetal Cardiology Education During Obstetrical Training?
Authors: Strzelecka Iwona , Słodki Maciej , Zych-Krekora Katarzyna , Krekora Michał , Grzesiak Mariusz , Maroszyńska Iwona , Respondek-Liberska Maria
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Congenital heart defects are the most frequent reason for deaths during the neonatal and early infancy periods. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze singleton pregnancy outcomes of premature neonates with congenital cardiac defects delivered by Cesarean section. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 10,800 fetuses evaluated in our referral fetal cardiac center between 2010 and 2016. A group of 58 singleton pregnancies was selected with the following criteria: fetal heart defect, Cesarean section (C-section), and gestation of 37 weeks or less. Exclusion criteria included labor outside of our hospital and multiple pregnancy. Results: Isolated heart defects constituted 74,1% (43 cases) of the analysed data set. The majority of newborns were delivered at 36 weeks of gestation (43,1%), with an average of 33,6 weeks. In one case (1,7%), C-section took place at 22nd week. Birth weight of newborns < 2500g constituted 51,7% (30 cases). Neonatal deaths occurred in 60,3% (35 cases). Conclusions: Preterm neonates with congenital heart defect, delivered by C-section in our reference centre, during 2010 to 2016, had generally poor outcomes and high mortality rate. The average hospital stay of surviving neonates was approximately two months. An improvement of knowledge about prenatal cardiology is necessary in obstetrician management with fetuses with congenital heart diseases.
The role of nutrition in influencing mechanisms involved in environmentally mediated diseases
Authors: Hennig Bernhard , Petriello Michael C. , Gamble Mary V. , Surh Young-Joon , Kresty Laura A. , Frank Norbert , Rangkadilok Nuchanart , Ruchirawat Mathuros , Suk William A.
Published: January 2018

Human exposure to environmental contaminants such as persistent chlorinated organics, heavy metals, pesticides, phthalates, flame retardants, electronic waste and airborne pollutants around the world, and especially in Southeast Asian regions, are significant and require urgent attention. Given this widespread contamination and abundance of such toxins as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ecosystem, it is unlikely that remediation alone will be sufficient to address the health impacts associated with this exposure. Furthermore, we must assume that the impact on health of some of these contaminants results in populations with extraordinary vulnerabilities to disease risks. Further exacerbating risk; infectious diseases, poverty and malnutrition are common in the Southeast Asian regions of the world. Thus, exploring preventive measures of environmental exposure and disease risk through new paradigms of environmental toxicology, optimal and/or healthful nutrition and health is essential. For example, folic acid supplementation can lower blood arsenic levels, and plant-derived bioactive nutrients can lower cardiovascular and cancer risks linked to pollutant exposure. Data also indicate that diets enriched with bioactive food components such as polyphenols and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can prevent or decrease toxicant-induced inflammation. Thus, consuming healthy diets that exhibit high levels of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is a meaningful way to reduce the vulnerability to non-communicable diseases linked to environmental toxic insults. This nutritional paradigm in environmental toxicology requires further study in order to improve our understanding of the relationship between nutrition or other lifestyle modifications and toxicant-induced diseases. Understanding mechanistic relationships between nutritional modulation of environmental toxicants and susceptibility to disease development are important for both cumulative risk assessment and the design and implementation of future public health programs and behavioral interventions.
Cultural conditions optimization for production of β-galactosidase from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 12759 under solid-state fermentation
Authors: Akcan Nurullah
Published: January 2018

Objective

The aim of this work was to study the optimal cultivation conditions for β-galactosidase production by Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 12759.

Materials and methods

The screening of β-galactosidase production from B. licheniformis ATCC 12759 was performed by solid state fermentation method on media rich with rice bran (RB). Different factors were tested for the optimization of β-galactosidase production.

Results

Certain fermentation parameters involving incubation time, incubation temperature, inoculum level, moisture content, initial pH, agitation speed, size of fermentation medium and optimum temperature of β-galactosidase activity were studied separately. Maximal amount of β-galactosidase production was obtained when solid-state fermentation (SSF) was carried out using RB, having inoculum level 35%, moisture content of 20%, initial pH 7.5 at 37°C for 48 h.

Conclusion

Results indicated that optimal fermentation conditions play a key role in the maximum production of β-galactosidase from B. licheniformis ATCC 12759. This study shows the potential of the studied enzymes to be promoting candidates for the degradation of lactose and production of important bioproducts.
Pediatric reference intervals of free thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone in three different hospitals
Authors: Aral Hale , Özer Ömer Faruk , Onur Hatice , Çilingirtürk Ahmet Mete , Özgen İlker Tolga , Ayyıldız Mevlude
Published: January 2018

Objective

Using data retrieved from three different hospitals, we established indirect reference intervals of free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) for the Centaur XP or the Immulite 2000 instruments, in separate reference limits at each subset.

Methods

We categorized children into seven age groups: 4–7 days, 8–15 days, 16–23 days, 24–61 days, 3–6 months, 7–36 months and 4–6 years. After a Box-Cox transformation was employed, we followed the Horn algorithm to eliminate the extreme values.

Results

The remaining FT4 (11,230) and TSH (11,274) tests were statistically analyzed. We determined separate reference limits at each subset with their own 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles. The interaction effect of both hospital and age grouping on FT4 was meaningful, but there was no interaction effect on TSH.

Conclusions

Pediatric FT4 and TSH test results should be interpreted via narrowed age groups, especially in the first 3 weeks of neonatal period. Our reference limits may be recommended in pediatric follow-ups, considering the conditions of prematurity, birth-weight or multiple births. Preanalytical and analytical variations related with complex molecular structure of FT4 should be taken into consideration to ensure the validity of the result.
Corticosterone Production during Repeated Social Defeat Causes Monocyte Mobilization from the Bone Marrow, Glucocorticoid Resistance, and Neurovascular Adhesion Molecule Expression
Authors: Niraula Anzela , Wang Yufen , Godbout Jonathan P. , Sheridan John F.
Published: January 2018

Repeated social defeat (RSD) stress promotes the release of bone marrow-derived monocytes into circulation that are recruited to the brain, where they augment neuroinflammation and cause prolonged anxiety-like behavior. Physiological stress activates the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis, and both of these systems play a role in the physiological, immunological, and behavioral responses to stress. The purpose of this study was to delineate the role of HPA activation and corticosterone production in the immunological responses to stress in male C57BL/6 mice. Here, surgical (adrenalectomy) and pharmacological (metyrapone) interventions were used to abrogate corticosterone signaling during stress. We report that both adrenalectomy and metyrapone attenuated the stress-induced release of monocytes into circulation. Neither intervention altered the production of monocytes during stress, but both interventions enhanced retention of these cells in the bone marrow. Consistent with this observation, adrenalectomy and metyrapone also prevented the stress-induced reduction of a key retention factor, CXCL12, in the bone marrow. Corticosterone depletion with metyrapone also abrogated the stress-induced glucocorticoid resistance of myeloid cells. In the brain, these corticosterone-associated interventions attenuated stress-induced microglial remodeling, neurovascular expression of the adhesion molecule intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, prevented monocyte accumulation and neuroinflammatory signaling. Overall, these results indicate that HPA activation and corticosterone production during repeated social defeat stress are critical for monocyte release into circulation, glucocorticoid resistance of myeloid cells, and enhanced neurovascular cell adhesion molecule expression.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent studies of stress have identified the presence of monocytes that show an exaggerated inflammatory response to immune challenge and are resistant to the suppressive effects of glucocorticoids. Increased presence of these proinflammatory monocytes has been implicated in neuropsychiatric symptoms and the development of chronic cardiovascular, autoimmune, and metabolic disorders. In the current study, we show novel evidence that corticosterone produced during stress enhances the release of proinflammatory monocytes from the bone marrow into circulation, augments their recruitment to the brain and the induction of a neuroinflammatory profile. Overproduction of corticosterone during stress is also the direct cause of glucocorticoid resistance, a key phenotype in individuals exposed to chronic stress. Inhibiting excess corticosterone production attenuates these inflammatory responses to stress.
Differential Sampling of Visual Space in Ventral and Dorsal Early Visual Cortex
Authors: Silson Edward H. , Reynolds Richard C. , Kravitz Dwight J. , Baker Chris I.
Published: January 2018

A fundamental feature of cortical visual processing is the separation of visual processing for the upper and lower visual fields. In early visual cortex (EVC), the upper visual field is processed ventrally, with the lower visual field processed dorsally. This distinction persists into several category-selective regions of occipitotemporal cortex, with ventral and lateral scene-, face-, and object-selective regions biased for the upper and lower visual fields, respectively. Here, using an elliptical population receptive field (pRF) model, we systematically tested the sampling of visual space within ventral and dorsal divisions of human EVC in both male and female participants. We found that (1) pRFs tend to be elliptical and oriented toward the fovea with distinct angular distributions for ventral and dorsal divisions of EVC, potentially reflecting a radial bias; and (2) pRFs in ventral areas were larger (∼1.5×) and more elliptical (∼1.2×) than those in dorsal areas. These differences potentially reflect a tendency for receptive fields in ventral temporal cortex to overlap the fovea with less emphasis on precise localization and isotropic representation of space compared with dorsal areas. Collectively, these findings suggest that ventral and dorsal divisions of EVC sample visual space differently, likely contributing to and/or stemming from the functional differentiation of visual processing observed in higher-level regions of the ventral and dorsal cortical visual pathways.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe processing of visual information from the upper and lower visual fields is separated in visual cortex. Although ventral and dorsal divisions of early visual cortex (EVC) are commonly assumed to sample visual space equivalently, we demonstrate systematic differences using an elliptical population receptive field (pRF) model. Specifically, we demonstrate that (1) ventral and dorsal divisions of EVC exhibit diverging distributions of pRF angle, which are biased toward the fovea; and (2) ventral pRFs exhibit higher aspect ratios and cover larger areas than dorsal pRFs. These results suggest that ventral and dorsal divisions of EVC sample visual space differently and that such differential sampling likely contributes to different functional roles attributed to the ventral and dorsal pathways, such as object recognition and visually guided attention, respectively.
Supporting Evolution by Responding to “Missing Link” Arguments
Authors: Westmoreland David
Published: January 2018

The missing link argument is a common challenge raised by students to evolutionary theory; it notes that the majority of evolutionary transitions are not represented in the fossil record. A typical response is to present examples of fossils that have a combination of ancestral and derived traits, but I argue that this approach is largely ineffective because it does not address the broader question of whether the fossil record accords better with evolutionary theory than with creationist narratives. A better response is to agree that the fossil record is largely incomplete because fossilization is rare, and to direct the conversation toward addressing how a rich, yet incomplete, collection of evidence can be reasonably interpreted. Evolutionary theory and creationism pose starkly different expectations about trends in fossil diversity, and evolution is strongly supported while creationism is not.
Interrelating Concepts from Genetics and Evolution: Why are Cod Shrinking?
Authors: Jördens Janina , Asshoff Roman , Kullmann Harald , Hammann Marcus
Published: January 2018

Understanding evolutionary change requires an integrated understanding of genetics and evolution, as well as interrelating concepts from different levels of biological organization. However, students' knowledge about genetics and evolution often remains compartmentalized, and students struggle with thinking across levels. Thus, we present a classroom simulation of how selection affects both phenotypes and genotypes, which helps students distinguish between different levels of biological organization (i.e., phenotype and genotype) and track changes in phenotypes to changes in allele frequencies.
Modeling Genetic Complexity in the Classroom
Authors: Lesnik Julie J.
Published: January 2018

This classroom exercise aims to help students understand the three Ps of genetic complexity: polymorphic, polygenic, and pleiotropic. Using coin flips and dice rolls, students are able to generate the genotype and phenotype of a random individual. From there, students find a mate for this individual and determine the phenotype of their offspring. The randomness generated by the coin and dice mechanics illustrates the principles of independent assortment and segregation, variable gene expression, and environmental effects.
Evolution in Action in the Classroom: Engaging Students in Science Practices to Investigate and Explain Evolution by Natural Selection
Authors: Johnson Wendy R. , Lark Amy
Published: January 2018

Current reform efforts at all levels of biology education advocate for the integration of science content and practices and emphasize the importance of phenomena-driven inquiry. We describe an instructional sequence for teaching evolution by natural selection that addresses these goals by engaging students in parallel selection experiments with biological and digital model organisms. These activities address multiple learning objectives in the AP Biology Curriculum Framework and the Next Generation Science Standards while engaging students in authentic science practices to learn about natural selection. We also report results from pre and post assessments in an AP Biology class which demonstrate students' learning gains and increased acceptance of evolution.
Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Assessment of global-scale model performance for global and regional ozone distributions, variability, and trends
Authors: Young P. J. , Naik V. , Fiore A. M. , Gaudel A. , Guo J. , Lin M. Y. , Neu J. L. , Parrish D. D. , Rieder H. E. , Schnell J. L. , Tilmes S. , Wild O. , Zhang L. , Ziemke J. , Brandt J. , Delcloo A. , Doherty R. M. , Geels C. , Hegglin M. I. , Hu L. , Im U. , Kumar R. , Luhar A. , Murray L. , Plummer D. , Rodriguez J. , Saiz-Lopez A. , Schultz M. G. , Woodhouse M. T. , Zeng G.
Published: January 2018

The goal of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is to provide the research community with an up-to-date scientific assessment of tropospheric ozone, from the surface to the tropopause. While a suite of observations provides significant information on the spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric ozone, observational gaps make it necessary to use global atmospheric chemistry models to synthesize our understanding of the processes and variables that control tropospheric ozone abundance and its variability. Models facilitate the interpretation of the observations and allow us to make projections of future tropospheric ozone and trace gas distributions for different anthropogenic or natural perturbations. This paper assesses the skill of current-generation global atmospheric chemistry models in simulating the observed present-day tropospheric ozone distribution, variability, and trends. Drawing upon the results of recent international multi-model intercomparisons and using a range of model evaluation techniques, we demonstrate that global chemistry models are broadly skillful in capturing the spatio-temporal variations of tropospheric ozone over the seasonal cycle, for extreme pollution episodes, and changes over interannual to decadal periods. However, models are consistently biased high in the northern hemisphere and biased low in the southern hemisphere, throughout the depth of the troposphere, and are unable to replicate particular metrics that define the longer term trends in tropospheric ozone as derived from some background sites. When the models compare unfavorably against observations, we discuss the potential causes of model biases and propose directions for future developments, including improved evaluations that may be able to better diagnose the root cause of the model-observation disparity. Overall, model results should be approached critically, including determining whether the model performance is acceptable for the problem being addressed, whether biases can be tolerated or corrected, whether the model is appropriately constituted, and whether there is a way to satisfactorily quantify the uncertainty.
Anterior Pituitary Transcriptome Suggests Differences in ACTH Release in Tame and Aggressive Foxes
Authors: Hekman Jessica P , Johnson Jennifer L , Edwards Whitney , Vladimirova Anastasiya V , Gulevich Rimma G , Ford Alexandra L , Kharlamova Anastasiya V , Herbeck Yury , Acland Gregory M , Raetzman Lori T , Trut Lyudmila N , Kukekova Anna V
Published: January 2018

Domesticated species exhibit a suite of behavioral, endocrinological, and morphological changes referred to as “domestication syndrome.” These changes may include a reduction in reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and specifically reduced adrenocorticotropic hormone release from the anterior pituitary. To investigate the biological mechanisms targeted during domestication, we investigated gene expression in the pituitaries of experimentally domesticated foxes (Vulpes vulpes). RNA was sequenced from the anterior pituitary of six foxes selectively bred for tameness (“tame foxes”) and six foxes selectively bred for aggression (“aggressive foxes”). Expression, splicing, and network differences identified between the two lines indicated the importance of genes related to regulation of exocytosis, specifically mediated by cAMP, organization of pseudopodia, and cell motility. These findings provide new insights into biological mechanisms that may have been targeted when these lines of foxes were selected for behavior and suggest new directions for research into HPA axis regulation and the biological underpinnings of domestication.
Beyond Thermodynamic Constraints: Evolutionary Sampling Generates Realistic Protein Sequence Variation
Authors: Jiang Qian , Teufel Ashley I , Jackson Eleisha L , Wilke Claus O
Published: January 2018

The computational design of protein sequences has yielded major successes in several application areas. However, when the principles of protein design are applied to molecular evolution, results tend to be poor...

Biological evolution generates a surprising amount of site-specific variability in protein sequences. Yet, attempts at modeling this process have been only moderately successful, and current models based on protein structural metrics explain, at best, 60% of the observed variation. Surprisingly, simple measures of protein structure, such as solvent accessibility, are often better predictors of site-specific variability than more complex models employing all-atom energy functions and detailed structural modeling. We suggest here that these more complex models perform poorly because they lack consideration of the evolutionary process, which is, in part, captured by the simpler metrics. We compare protein sequences that are computationally designed to sequences that are computationally evolved using the same protein-design energy function and to homologous natural sequences. We find that, by a wide variety of metrics, evolved sequences are much more similar to natural sequences than are designed sequences. In particular, designed sequences are too conserved on the protein surface relative to natural sequences, whereas evolved sequences are not. Our results suggest that evolutionary simulation produces a realistic sampling of sequence space. By contrast, protein design—at least as currently implemented—does not. Existing energy functions seem to be sufficiently accurate to correctly describe the key thermodynamic constraints acting on protein sequences, but they need to be paired with realistic sampling schemes to generate realistic sequence alignments.
Socialinės paramos ir vadovo proaktyvaus elgesio reikšmė darbuotojų proaktyviam elgesiui
Authors: Miselytė Marija , Bagdžiūnienė Dalia
Published: January 2018

Organizacijoms, siekiančioms konkurencingumo dinamiško verslo sąlygomis, neabejotina darbuotojų proaktyvaus elgesio reikšmė. Proaktyvaus elgesio prielaidų tyrimuose vis dažniau atkreipiamas dėmesys į socialinės aplinkos svarbą. Šiame straipsnyje aprašomo tyrimo tikslas siejamas su iki šiol mažai tirtų potencialių proaktyvaus darbuotojų elgesio prielaidų analize: ieškoma sąsajų su vadovo, kolegų ir organizacijos parama bei vadovo proaktyviu elgesiu. Tyrime dalyvavo 206 darbuotojai (79 vyrai ir 127 moterys, amžiaus vidurkis 30 metų). Rezultatai: organizacijos, vadovo ir kolegų parama yra teigiamai susijusi su darbuotojų proaktyviu elgesiu, stipriausias prediktorius yra organizacijos parama. Vadovo proaktyvus elgesys tiesiogiai nėra susijęs su proaktyviu darbuotojų elgesiu, tačiau padeda numatyti bendrą proaktyvaus elgesio rodiklį, užduoties atlikimo, asmens ir aplinkos dermės bei strateginį tipus, kai išreikšta vadovo, kolegų ir organizacijos parama: vadovo proaktyvaus elgesio ir darbuotojų strateginio elgesio ryšį sustiprina kolegų ir organizacijos parama, o vadovo proaktyvaus elgesio ir darbuotojo asmens ir aplinkos dermės elgesio ryšį – vadovo parama.
Valproic Acid-Induced Hyperammonemia with Encephalopathy (VIHE): A Case Report
Authors: Sattar Yasar , Merotto Benjamin , Dedousis Anthony , Aadil Muhammad , Zil-E-Ali Ahsan
Published: January 2018

Valproic acid (VPA) is a wide spectrum antiepileptic medication indicated for seizure prophylaxis across the spectrum of epilepsy. Since coming into clinical use, VPA has also been recommended for the management of a variety of other pathologies, including, most notably, mood stabilization in the manic patient. VPA’s common adverse effects include gastrointestinal, influenza-like symptoms, headache, and difficulties with sleep; nonetheless, in rare instances, VPA has been noted to cause the severe and potentially lethal condition of hyperammonemia with encephalopathy (VIHE). VIHE is the result of a dose-independent increase in ammonia levels. Often the patient is asymptomatic; if symptoms reach clinical threshold, lethargy is most common, though seizures, focal neurologic deficits and even coma are possible. VIHE can occur in patients despite normal hepatic function, normal loading doses, chronic stable doses and normal free serum drug levels. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, the first approach for symptomatic patients is to discontinue VPA, start alternative mood stabilizer as indicated, and supplement hyperammonemia treatment with lactulose, carnitine or carglumic acid. Below is a case report of VIHE that developed in an adolescent girl with a history of Bipolar I Disorder who was hospitalized in our facility for stabilization of mania.  As demonstrated below, early diagnosis of VIHE is pivotal in reducing morbidity and ultimately can be life-saving.

Keywords: Valproic acid, Hyperammonemia, Encephalopathy
Appropriate Use Criteria and the Imaging Mandate
Authors: Dehmer Gregory J ,   Baylor Scott & White Health and Texas A&M College of Medicine, Temple TX, White Leah ,   Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC, Doherty John U ,   Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University and Division of Cardiology, Jefferson Heart Institute, Philadelphia, PA
Published: January 2018

Appropriate use criteria (AUC) have existed for over 30 years and are being deployed with increasing frequency to study the delivery of healthcare. The goal of AUC is to advise all stakeholders about the reasonable use of testing procedures or therapies to improve symptoms, quality of life, and health outcomes. Numerous studies have shown the favorable effects of AUC to limit the overuse of unnecessary procedures while also promoting high-quality clinical care and cost savings. AUC evaluating only a single imaging modality have been replaced by multimodality documents, making it easier for the clinician to evaluate the appropriateness of multiple imaging methods in various clinical scenarios. The Protecting Access to Medicare Act of 2014 contained language mandating the use of AUC when ordering certain advanced cardiac imaging tests, and this requirement is currently scheduled for implementation in January 2020. Clinicians need to be aware of the increasing use of AUC and the financial implications of the AUC mandate legislation.
Una explicación a la curva de salarios
Authors: Velázquez Orihuela Daniel , Hernández Veleros Zeus Salvador
Published: January 2018

La teoría de salarios de eficiencia suele usarse para explicar, tanto la curva de salarios, como el desempleo involuntario. Sin embargo, estas explicaciones usualmente son contradictorias. Por una parte, se afirma que el desempleo se debe a altos salarios, por otra, se argumenta que el incremento en el desempleo reduce los salarios. En este artículo se propone un modelo de salarios de eficiencia en un marco de equilibrio restringido por demanda, con la finalidad de hacer compatibles las explicaciones del desempleo y de la curva de salarios.
Felicidad en la política pública: una revisión de literatura
Authors: Rodríguez Jhonatan David , García Molina Mario , Chicaíza Becerra Liliana Alejandra
Published: January 2018

El artículo revisa la literatura sobre felicidad desde una perspectiva de política pública. Se encuentra una tendencia, que debería fortalecerse en el futuro, a estudiar los efectos de diversas políticas sobre la felicidad, en lugar de extrapolar los efectos de trabajos sobre los determinantes. Dado que muchos métodos fueron diseñados para estudiar la utilidad, hace falta adaptarlos, especialmente en el tratamiento del tiempo, y en el uso de métodos experimentales y la evaluación de impacto. La noción de felicidad plantea preguntas importantes, pero todavía son necesarios más desarrollos para su uso fructífero en la toma de decisiones de política.
Caracterización de la diversidad genética de cultivares comerciales de heliconias en el centro occidente de Colombia
Authors: Leonor Marulanda Marta , Isaza Liliana , López Paola Andrea
Published: January 2018

La familia Heliconiaceae tiene un solo género, Heliconia L., con aproximadamente 250 especies. Debido al colorido de sus brácteas son muy usadas para fines ornamentales presentando una creciente comercialización en el mercado internacional, lo que ha incentivado el aumento en el área productiva en los países de Centro y Sur América, al proporcionar una mayor oferta y demanda del producto. Sin embargo, existe en este género, confusión sobre el número de especies y las relaciones entre ellas. Esta inapropiada nomenclatura, puede originar problemas a nivel comercial y científico. En esta investigación realizada durante el 2014, se caracterizaron genéticamente 44 individuos del género Heliconia de importancia comercial en el centro occidente de Colombia, que corresponden a 4 especies, y un híbrido interespecífico, por medio de la amplificación de marcadores microsatélites previamente desarrollados para Heliconia bihai y Heliconia caribaea y marcadores microsatélites propios obtenidos del desarrollo de una librería genómica enriquecida con microsatélites para Heliconia orthotricha. Se seleccionaron 18 marcadores para realizar las caracterizaciones. Se utilizaron las estrategias de amplificación directa, así como la transferibilidad de marcadores. El equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg (EHW) se rompió para algunos de los marcadores empleados en las diferentes especies de este estudio, ya que pertenecían a cultivares comerciales con alta presión de selección por parte de los cultivadores. El marcador Hb_C115 presentó el ligamiento con un mayor número de marcadores. Muchos de los marcadores están ligados entre sí y al no poseer mapas de ligamiento para ninguna especie del género no es posible determinar la cercanía de los mismos en los cromosomas. Se confirma la transferibilidad de los microsatélites desarrollados para diferentes especies del género Heliconia, como una herramienta útil en la caracterización varietal, la cual podría ser de gran uso en la comercialización de flores e intercambio de material vegetal para propagación asexual.
Pruebas de identidad y paternidad en ganado brahman registrado de Costa Rica
Authors: Campos Jorge , Vargas Bernardo , Camacho Jorge , Cruz Argerie
Published: January 2018

En programas de evaluación genética es indispensable la correcta identificación de los individuos de la población y la certeza de sus relaciones de parentesco. El objetivo de este estudio fue implementar pruebas de identificación y verificación de paternidad mediante 18 marcadores microsatélite en ganado registrado de raza Brahman de Costa Rica. Inicialmente, se calcularon parámetros genéticos poblacionales a partir del análisis de 950 muestras de ADN (7 sementales, 788 vacas y 155 crías) colectadas durante los años 2015/2016, procedentes de 13 hatos de ganado registrado. Los promedios de heterocigosidad observada y esperada fueron de 0,67 y 0,70, respectivamente. El índice de fijación fue de 4%, con desviaciones significativas del equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg (EHW) en 9 de los 18 loci. Todos los marcadores, excepto ETH225, presentaron contenido de información polimórfica mayor a 0,50. La probabilidad de identidad combinada con todos los marcadores fue 2,4×10-17 para individuos seleccionados aleatoriamente y 2,6×10-7 para hermanos completos. Las probabilidades de exclusión combinada fueron superiores a 0,999. Todos estos parámetros presentaron valores satisfactorios para la realización de pruebas de identidad y paternidad. Seguidamente, se realizaron pruebas de confirmación de paternidad en 137 crías con padre y/o madre reportados procedentes de 3 hatos. Los porcentajes de rechazo de paternidad basados en el principio de exclusión (al menos 2 loci discordantes) vs. índices críticos de verosimilitud, fueron respectivamente: 18,2% vs. 24,1% para las madres, 14,0% vs. 12,5% para los padres, y 34,6% vs. 26,3% para los tríos. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre hatos para el porcentaje de rechazo de paternidad, oscilando desde 15,6 a 39,4% en madres, 0 a 30% en padres, y 19,5 a 31,8% en tríos. Se demuestra la necesidad de un mayor control en los apareamientos y en el registro de información genealógica en estos hatos.
Evaluación de si aplicado al suelo en el crecimiento, absorción y severidad de enfermedades en vivero de palma aceitera
Authors: Garbanzo Gabriel , Molina Eloy , Cabalceta Gilberto , Serrano Edgardo , Ramírez Floria
Published: January 2018

Se evaluó el efecto de diferentes fuentes de Si en la severidad de enfermedades foliares (CNF) en plantas de vivero de palma aceitera (Elaeis guinensis) en el Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. Las fuentes de silicio consistieron en la aplicación de 30 g de SiO2 por bolsa de 20,4 L de 2 fuentes de serpentinas (Simag y SMg), una fuente de diatomitas (SiF), una fuente soluble (SKH) y 177 g por bolsa de SiO2 de un feldespato (Llane) mezclado en un Inceptisol éutrico. El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con 6 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones. Se evaluó a los 85, 127, 176, 219, 261, y 304 dds el crecimiento de las plantas y % de severidad de CNF. Además, se realizaron análisis químicos de suelos y foliares en el tiempo, se evaluó el peso seco de plantas y se calculó la absorción de nutrimentos. Se encontró que el tratamiento SiF mostró mayor tolerancia a CNF significativamente (a:0,05) en comparación al testigo, mientras que la fuente Simag mostró un mayor crecimiento. El Si presentó mayor absorción en Simag, test, SMg, SiF y fueron significativas diferentes con respecto al SKH y Llane. El SKH en suelo fue el único tratamiento que aumentó los niveles de Si por arriba de los 200 mg.l-1. A los 300 dds, el análisis de componentes principales correlacionó la severidad con las concentraciones de Ca en el suelo y mostró un comportamiento inverso a los contenidos de Zn, K, P, Mn y en el tiempo. Se concluye que el Si en este suelo no presentó un efecto directo sobre el control de CNF, pero la fuente de diatomitas (SiF) mostró mayor tolerancia, debido a que la enmienda facilita la absorción de micronutrimentos (Zn) al mejorar la nutrición de la planta. Asimismo, se encontró que la fuente SKH logró aumentar las concentraciones de Si en el suelo.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ORIENTASI MASA DEPAN AREA PEKERJAAN DENGAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI PADA MAHASISWA PSIKOLOGI ANGKATAN 2001 UIN SGD BANDUNG
Authors: Hermawati Nisa
Published: January 2018

This research aimed to obtaining empirical data on relationship between future orientations of working area with achievement motivation among student of psychology faculty UIN SGD Bandung class of 2001. Research design was a correlational study. The result shown there was a positive correlations between future orientation of working area and achievement motivation. It means that student who optimism on future orientation of working area so their achievement motivation increasing, in reverse, if student future orientation working area pessimism so their achievement motivation decreasing.
RANCANGAN PROGRAM PELATIHAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF EFFICACY NEGOSIASI PADA SISWA SMK
Authors: Syarvia Syarvia
Published: January 2018

This research aimed to develop a training design to increase self-efficacy on negotiation for students of vocational school. Research subjects were 18 students of the SMK 1 Bandung class of 2011 marketing majoring. The design of the training program was conceived and developed with reference to the strength aspect of self-efficacy and negotiation, by applying the model of experiential learning. The training material organized into two main activities to improve selfefficacy in negotiation namely our business and making a profit. The effectiveness of the training is measured by the increase of self-efficacy category by using an instrument on negotiation selfefficacy, behavioral observation and evaluation of training. This study used a quasi-experimental method with the untreated control group pretest and posttest sample dependent design. T-Test results showed there’s no significant improvement in the category of self-efficacy negotiations after the training program. Quantitatively and observations during training showed an increase in self-efficacy negotiation in aspects of communication, strategy and relationships, as well as a decrease in the emotional aspects among training participants.
RANCANGAN PELATIHAN PENGUCAPAN KATA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KELANCARAN MEMBACA SISWA KELAS 1 SD
Authors: Yasa Rawdhah Binti
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study as a preliminary study in developing the exercises to improve reading fluency of students grade 1of Primary School (SD). The study used a quasi- experimental method with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The subjects were seven students in 1st grade, with age 7-8 years old, which consists of four students as an experimental group that received exercises of pronunciation as much as six times with a duration of 30-40 minutes and three students as a control group. Data on reading fluency obtained by measuring the average score of subject’s reading ability within one minute. Measuring instrument used was a single paragraph which consists of a series of words / syllables that need to be mastered by children aged 7 years old. In this exercise the students practice for using their speech muscles suit the phonetic rules, so that the resulting pronunciation becomes more precise. The results showed that in the control group there was no increase reading fluency, while in the experimental group there was three student has increased their reading fluency but not to the another one. However, there were changing in the aspects of speed and accuracy among all subjects who received the pronunciation exercises.
TINJAUAN PSIKOLOGI KESEHATAN PADA PENDERITA PENYAKIT KAKI GAJAH KRONIS DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Sulianti Ambar
Published: January 2018

Elephantiasis or Filariasis has been reported endemic in Kabupaten Bandung with potentially result in defects. This research aimed to explore health psychology of chronic Elephantiasis patients in Kabupaten Bandung. Qualitative-descriptive method has been used to explore the respondent’s psychodynamics, health behavior, and treatment seeking behavior, while quantitative-descriptive method has been used to determine the percentage distribution. The result showed that there were three kind of respondent’s psychodynamic namely denial (7.7%), anxiety (85%), and depression (7.7%). Due to the lack of knowledge about the disease, the majority of respondents (77%) were hiding their disease.Type of treatment seeking behaviors has been chosen by respondent namely relying to the paranormal (92%), doctors (23%), traditional physician (54%), and acupuncturist (15%).
KECERDASAN EMOSI SISWA PADA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS MELALUI BELAJAR KOOPERATIF DI SD LABORATORIUM UNG
Authors: Umar Elmia
Published: January 2018

The objective of this research is to know the learning process to increase elementary student outcomes in social science study through the cooperative learning and whether there was an increase after the action. About 20 students of School Laboratories, State University of Gorontalo were the subject of research. The research used action research method with data collecting technique including field notes, interview, documentation and observation. The result of the research describes that the cooperative learning in social science study gives impact for increasing social science learning of elementary school proved by increasing of score test average by 85% and the result in observation showed by 80% from the total number of student.
Using building information modelling for planning a high-speed rail project in Norway
Authors: Tveit Marit , Gjerde Kathrine
Published: January 2018

This paper explains how building information modelling was successfully used as an integrated part of the master-planning process for the 30 km Sorli-to-Brumunddal high-speed rail project in Norway. It concludes that new technology, cloud-based services and collaboration tools can dramatically improve the way complex multi-disciplinary infrastructure projects can be planned, designed and implemented.
Proteomic Profiling Reveals the Transglutaminase-2 Externalization Pathway in Kidneys after Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction
Authors: Furini Giulia , Schroeder Nina , Huang Linghong , Boocock David , Scarpellini Alessandra , Coveney Clare , Tonoli Elisa , Ramaswamy Raghavendran , Ball Graham , Verderio Claudia , Johnson Timothy S. , Verderio Elisabetta A.M.
Published: January 2018

Increased export of transglutaminase-2 (TG2) by tubular epithelial cells (TECs) into the surrounding interstitium modifies the extracellular homeostatic balance, leading to fibrotic membrane expansion. Although silencing of extracellular TG2 ameliorates progressive kidney scarring in animal models of CKD, the pathway through which TG2 is secreted from TECs and contributes to disease progression has not been elucidated. In this study, we developed a global proteomic approach to identify binding partners of TG2 responsible for TG2 externalization in kidneys subjected to unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) using TG2 knockout kidneys as negative controls. We report a robust and unbiased analysis of the membrane interactome of TG2 in fibrotic kidneys relative to the entire proteome after UUO, detected by SWATH mass spectrometry. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD008173. Clusters of exosomal proteins in the TG2 interactome supported the hypothesis that TG2 is secreted by extracellular membrane vesicles during fibrosis progression. In established TEC lines, we found TG2 in vesicles of both endosomal (exosomes) and plasma membrane origin (microvesicles/ectosomes), and TGF-β1 stimulated TG2 secretion. Knockout of syndecan-4 (SDC4) greatly impaired TG2 exosomal secretion. TG2 coprecipitated with SDC4 from exosome lysate but not ectosome lysate.Ex vivo, EGFP-tagged TG2 accumulated in globular elements (blebs) protruding/retracting from the plasma membrane of primary cortical TECs, and SDC4 knockout impaired bleb formation, affecting TG2 release. Through this combinedin vivoandin vitroapproach, we have dissected the pathway through which TG2 is secreted from TECs in CKD.
Editorial
Authors: Delduque Maria Célia
Published: January 2018

Editorial
THE ROLE OF HOMEWORK IN THE ENGLISH VOCABULARY ACQUISITION
Authors: Supe Olga , Kaupuzs Aivars
Published: January 2018

The research reflected in the article focuses on the analyses of scientific literature, investigates the foreign experience on theoretical aspects of foreign language acquisition and the role of homework in the learning process. The author clarifies the current situation of English vocabulary acquisition among secondary school students, traditionally assigning homework and gathers students’ views on this, compares and analyses the results gained. The aim of the research is to investigate the impact of homework on the secondary school students’ English vocabulary development process. Methods of research: theoretical - studying pedagogical, psychological and scientific sources; empirical – a survey, document analysis, and an experiment. The article deals with students’ opinions about homework and examines the data of homework assignment at Rezekne State Gymnasium No.1.
"White Rage" by Carol Anderson
Authors: Carter Monesha
Published: January 2018

Book Review.
On the Rate of Convergence of Wavelet Expansions
Authors: Karanjgaokar Varsha
Published: January 2018

In this paper we estimate the rate of convergence of wavelet expansion of functions f ∈ Lp, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ at a point x. The pointwise and Lp results were obtained by Kelly, S. [4]. Our result generalizes her result.
2-Inner Product Which Takes Values in a Locally C* - Algebras
Authors: Najmabadi B. Mohebbi , Shateri Tayebe Lal
Published: January 2018

In this paper we introduce the new concept of 2-inner product map that takes values on locallyC*-algebras. Then we prove some results on Schwarz inequality, the polarization identity and related important properties.