bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fucoxanthin induces apoptosis and reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Luan Heqi , Yan Lina , Zhao Yuanyuan , Ding Xuejiao , Cao Lihua
Published: October 2022

Background

Invasion and metastasis are hallmark characteristics of cancer and the main causes of death in cancer patients. Studies have shown that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays significant role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Fucoxanthin, a carotenoid found in seaweeds, has been proved to have anti-tumor effects. Our study aimed to research the role of fucoxanthin on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and EMT of two types of LUAD cells.

Methods

Cell migration and invasion were examined by Wound-healing and Transwell assays. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, EMT-related proteins and β-catenin. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of β-catenin in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues and corresponding para-cancerous tissues.

Results

Our results revealed that fucoxanthin depressed the proliferation and induced apoptosis in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. Moreover, fucoxanthin reversed TGF-β1-induced EMT and cell motility. Meanwhile, we disclosed that fucoxanthin and XAV939 had similar effect on β-catenin, EMT protein and cell motility. What is more, immunohistochemical results revealed that the high expression rate and abnormal expression rate of β-catenin in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in para-cancerous tissues.

Conclusion

Taken together, the findings of our research highlight a novel role for fucoxanthin in NSCLC cells, which might be a potentially effective anti-tumor agent for the treatment of LUAD patients.
Induced Earthquake Hazard by Geothermal Power Plants: Statistical Evaluation and Probabilistic Modeling
Authors: Khansefid Ali , Yadollahi Seyed Mahmoudreza , Müller Gerhard , Taddei Francesca
Published: October 2022

This study statistically evaluated the characteristics of induced earthquakes by geothermal power plants (GPPs) and generated a probabilistic model for simulating stochastic seismic events. Four well-known power plant zones were selected worldwide from the United States, Germany, France, and New Zealand. The operational condition information, as well as the corresponding earthquake catalogs recorded in the vicinity of GPPs, were gathered from their commencement date. The statistical properties of events were studied elaborately. By using this proposed database, a probabilistic model was developed capable of generating the number of induced seismic events per month, their magnitude, focal depth, and distance from the epicenter to the power plant, randomly. All of these parameters are simulated as a function of power plant injection rate. Generally speaking, the model, introduced in this study, is a tool for engineers and scientists interested in the seismic risk assessment of built environments prone to induced seismicity produced by GPPs operation.
From agent-based models to the macroscopic description of fake-news spread: the role of competence in data-driven applications
Authors: Franceschi J. , Pareschi L. , Zanella M.
Published: October 2022

Fake news spreading, with the aim of manipulating individuals’ perceptions of facts, is now recognized as a major problem in many democratic societies. Yet, to date, little has been understood about how fake news spreads on social networks, what the influence of the education level of individuals is, when fake news is effective in influencing public opinion, and what interventions might be successful in mitigating their effect. In this paper, starting from the recently introduced kinetic multi-agent model with competence by the first two authors, we propose to derive reduced-order models through the notion of social closure in the mean-field approximation that has its roots in the classical hydrodynamic closure of kinetic theory. This approach allows to obtain simplified models in which the competence and learning of the agents maintain their role in the dynamics and, at the same time, the structure of such models is more suitable to be interfaced with data-driven applications. Examples of different Twitter-based test cases are described and discussed.
An improved real time detection of data poisoning attacks in deep learning vision systems
Authors: Raghavan Vijay , Mazzuchi Thomas , Sarkani Shahram
Published: October 2022

The practice of using deep learning methods in safety critical vision systems such as autonomous driving has come a long way. As vision systems supported by deep learning methods become ubiquitous, the possible security threats faced by these systems have come into greater focus. As it is with any artificial intelligence system, these deep neural vision networks are first trained on a data set of interest, once they start performing well, they are deployed to a real-world environment. In the training stage, deep learning systems are susceptible to data poisoning attacks. While deep neural networks have proved to be versatile in solving a host of challenges. These systems have complex data ecosystems especially in computer vision. In practice, the security threats when training these systems are often ignored while deploying these models in the real world. However, these threats pose significant risks to the overall reliability of the system. In this paper, we present the fundamentals of data poisoning attacks when training deep learning vision systems and discuss countermeasures against these types of attacks. In addition, we simulate the risk posed by a real-world data poisoning attack on a deep learning vision system and present a novel algorithm MOVCE—Model verification with Convolutional Neural Network and Word Embeddings which provides an effective countermeasure for maintaining the reliability of the system. The countermeasure described in this paper can be used on a wide variety of use cases where the risks posed by poisoning the training data are similar.
Correlations of Composition, Structure, and Hardness in the High-Entropy Alloy System Nb–Mo–Ta–W
Authors: Xiao Bin , Lysogorskiy Yury , Savan Alan , Bögershausen Heidi , Pfetzing-Micklich Janine , Raabe Dierk , Drautz Ralf , Ludwig Alfred
Published: October 2022

Refractory high-entropy alloys are of interest due to the potential of compositionally complex alloys to achieve combinations of mechanical properties such as room-temperature ductility and high-temperature strength rarely found in simpler alloys. To study a large compositional range of the system Nb–Mo–Ta–W, thin-film materials libraries were fabricated by combinatorial sputtering. High-throughput characterization methods were used to systematically determine composition-dependent properties: (I) the extent and stability of the complex solid solution range and (II) the mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, hardness). The whole investigated composition range of Nb20–59Mo9–31Ta10–42W12–32 crystallized in a bcc phase, independent of annealing temperatures ranging from 300 to 900 °C. Mechanical strength values of the Nb–Mo–Ta–W compositions were calculated using the Maresca–Curtin analytical model parameterized with experimental data. A strong positive correlation with measured hardness was observed that allows using this analytical model for optimization of the mechanical strength. We predict that compositions with high Mo contents provide the highest hardness values.
Unmet Sexual Health Needs of Patients and Female Partners Following Diagnosis and Treatment for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Li Randall , Wittmann Daniela , Nelson Christian J. , Salter Carolyn A. , Mulhall John P. , Byrne Nataliya , Nolasco Tatiana Sanchez , Ness Marina , Gupta Natasha , Cassidy Caroline , Crisostomo-Wynne Theodore , Loeb Stacy
Published: October 2022

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) and its treatment can have significant and pervasive sexual side effects for patients and their partners; however, partner needs are not well understood, and most resources do not incorporate partner priorities.

Aim

Our objective was to perform a qualitative study to identify unmet sexual needs of patients and female partners after PCa diagnosis.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study of posts to the Inspire Us TOO Prostate Cancer Online Support and Discussion Community. Overall, 6,193 posts were identified in the Sexual Health & Intimacy forum of the community, of which 661 posts were from female authors. A random sample of 10% (n = 66) of posts from female partners and an equal number of randomly selected posts from male patients were analyzed.

Outcomes

We assessed sexual health themes among patients and female partners.

Results

Multiple themes emerged that were unique to female partners of PCa survivors. These included expanding the sexual repertoire, feeling invisible, contextualizing sexual intimacy within the broader picture of survival, and addressing relationship concerns. Patients and their partners also shared common sexual health themes, including coming to terms with changes in sexual function and frustration with clinicians. Both patients and their partners use online health communities to get support and share their experiences with sexual recovery and use of sexual aids. Psychosocial treatments were infrequently mentioned, and may be particularly helpful to address partner concerns.

Clinical Implications

A common concern for couples was not receiving sufficient information from healthcare providers regarding sexual side effects from PCa and its treatment.

Strengths and Limitations

Strengths of the study include leveraging a unique data source to address an understudied topic of sexual health concerns among partners after PCa diagnosis. However, members of an online community may not be representative of all couples facing PCa. Also, this analysis is limited to female partners of patients with PCa, and further study is underway to examine the sexual health needs among gay and bisexual couples.

Conclusion

Both patients and female partners have many unmet sexual health needs during PCa survivorship, and designing interventions to incorporate partner perspectives may improve the management of sexual side effects of PCa for couples.
Bayesian assessments of aeroengine performance with transfer learning
Authors: Seshadri Pranay , Duncan Andrew B. , Thorne George , Parks Geoffrey , Vazquez Diaz Raul , Girolami Mark
Published: October 2022

Aeroengine performance is determined by temperature and pressure profiles along various axial stations within an engine. Given limited sensor measurements, we require a statistically principled approach for inferring these profiles. In this paper we detail a Bayesian methodology for interpolating the spatial temperature or pressure profile at axial stations within an aeroengine. The profile at any given axial station is represented as a spatial Gaussian random field on an annulus, with circumferential variations modelled using a Fourier basis and radial variations modelled with a squared exponential kernel. This Gaussian random field is extended to ingest data from multiple axial measurement planes, with the aim of transferring information across the planes. To facilitate this type oftransfer learning, a novel planar covariance kernel is proposed. In the scenario where frequencies comprising the temperature field are unknown, we utilise a sparsity-promoting prior on the frequencies to encourage sparse representations. This easily extends to cases with multiple engine planes whilst accommodating frequency variations between the planes. The main quantity of interest, the spatial area average is readily obtained in closed form. We term this the Bayesian area average and demonstrate how this metric offers far more representative averages than a sector area average---a widely used area averaging approach. Furthermore, the Bayesian area average naturally decomposes the posterior uncertainty into terms characterising insufficient sampling and sensor measurement error respectively. This too provides a significant improvement over prior standard deviation based uncertainty breakdowns.
Reconstructing the Biography of Children's Stone Bracers in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Barroso Bermejo Rosa , Martínez-Sevilla Francisco , Rodríguez Barbero Miguel Ángel , Cambra-Moo Oscar , Bueno-Ramírez Primitiva , Rodríguez-Malo Juan Manuel Rojas
Published: October 2022

Perforated stone plaques, known as bracers, are found across late prehistoric Europe and many of them have been recovered in Bell Beaker funerary contexts, usually associated with adult individuals. Experimental, technological, and use-wear studies have determined that the bracers were both utilitarian and symbolic objects. Very few are found in children's graves, but examples are known in the Iberian Peninsula, two of which are presented here. The analyses conducted on the two bracers, including archaeological contextualization, raw material identification, and technological and use-wear studies, allow the authors to reconstruct their respective biographies. Although these pieces were associated with young children, they had long lives before their final deposition in the graves. Use-wear marks on one of the bracers suggest that it was used in archery, despite its small size.
Hodge filtration on local cohomology, Du Bois complex and local cohomological dimension
Authors: Mustaţă Mircea , Popa Mihnea
Published: October 2022

We study the Hodge filtration on the local cohomology sheaves of a smooth complex algebraic variety along a closed subschemeZin terms of log resolutions and derive applications regarding the local cohomological dimension, the Du Bois complex, local vanishing and reflexive differentials associated toZ.
Statnett SF v. Sør-Fosen Sijte (Sup. Ct. Nor.)
Authors: Syring Tom
Published: October 2022

On October 11, 2021, the Supreme Court of Norway, sitting as a Grand Chamber, had to decide in three interconnected cases (HR-2021-1975-S) whether the construction of certain wind power plants, which will form part of the largest onshore wind power project in Europe, in a particular rural area interfered with (Sami) reindeer herders’ rights to enjoy their own culture according to Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The case, which had been initiated long before Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine and concomitant spiking energy prices—which might have added an extra dimension to the underlying, countervailing issues—pits efforts to increasingly produce “green,” renewable energy and the minority rights of a particular cultural group against each other. Taking the peculiar requirements of reindeer husbandry, the need for safe winter pastures, and the specific geographical conditions of the locus delicti into account, the Court concluded that the windfarms would have a substantial negative effect on the reindeer herders’ possibility to enjoy their own culture, which, in the absence of satisfactory remedy measures, threatened the very existence of reindeer husbandry on Fosen, and therefore found a violation of Article 27, ICCPR.
Representations of hallucinations and dissociation in young adult literature: using literature to challenge stigma about psychosis
Authors: da Cunha Koch C. , Coughlan H. , Cannon M.
Published: October 2022

This paper explores the role that sensitively portrayed literary representations of hallucinations and dissociation may have in counteracting stigma associated with these experiences. In it, we focus on narratives of young people experiencing hallucinatory and dissociative phenomena in two award-winning, young adult novels:How It Feels to Floatby Helena Fox andA Monster Callsby Patrick Ness. We identify and discuss three literary devices in these two novels that promote empathy for the characters and their experiences. The narrative accounts in both novels challenge conceptions of hallucinations and dissociation as unknowable and unrelatable experiences with their empathic portrayals of relatable characters that create comprehensible accounts of adolescents grappling with their sense of reality. Importantly, they highlight the potential role that literature can play in stigma reduction by positively shaping young peoples’ understandings of unfamiliar mental health experiences.
Gravity-driven coatings on curved substrates: a differential geometry approach
Authors: Ledda Pier Giuseppe , Pezzulla M. , Jambon-Puillet E. , Brun P.-T. , Gallaire F.
Published: October 2022

Drainage and spreading processes in thin liquid films have received considerable attention in the past decades. Yet, our understanding of three-dimensional cases remains sparse, with only a few studies focusing on flat and axisymmetric substrates. Here, we exploit differential geometry to understand the drainage and spreading of thin films on curved substrates, under the assumption of negligible surface tension and hydrostatic gravity effects. We develop a solution for the drainage on a local maximum of a generic substrate. We then investigate the role of geometry in defining the spatial thickness distribution via an asymptotic expansion in the vicinity of the maximum. Spheroids with a much larger (respectively smaller) height than the equatorial radius are characterized by an increasing (respectively decreasing) coating thickness when moving away from the pole. These thickness variations result from a competition between the variations of the substrate's slope and mean curvature. The coating of a torus presents larger thicknesses and a faster spreading on the inner region than on the outer region, owing to the different curvatures in these two regions. In the case of an ellipsoid with three different axes, spatial modulations in the drainage solution are observed as a consequence of a faster drainage along the short principal axis, faithfully reproduced by a three-dimensional asymptotic solution. Leveraging the conservation of mass, an analytical solution for the average spreading front is obtained. The solutions are in agreement with numerical simulations and experimental measurements obtained from the coating of a curing polymer on diverse substrates.
Interactions between upstream-propagating guided jet waves and shear-layer instability waves near the nozzle of subsonic and nearly ideally expanded supersonic free jets with laminar boundary layers
Authors: Bogey Christophe
Published: October 2022

The interactions between upstream-propagating guided jet waves and shear-layer instability waves near the nozzle of subsonic and nearly ideally expanded supersonic, isothermal free jets are investigated for jets at Mach numbers between 0.50 and 2 with fully laminar exit boundary layers of different thicknesses. The velocity spectra in the shear layers downstream of the nozzle exhibit strong narrow peaks for the first azimuthal modes, associated with growing Kelvin–Helmholtz instability waves. The frequencies of the predominant peaks are close, but not necessarily equal, to those of the most amplified instability waves predicted from the mean flow fields using linear stability analysis. They also fall in most cases within or very near the allowable frequency bands of the free-stream upstream-propagating guided jet waves obtained using a vortex-sheet model and jump from one band to another as the Mach number increases. At these frequencies, moreover, high levels organized into elongated stripes are found in the jet potential core and standing-wave patterns are visible at the edges of the shear layers in the power spectral densities of pressure and velocity fluctuations. Therefore, the free-stream upstream-propagating guided jet waves appear to interact with and excite the instability waves near the nozzle of the present jets, as in screeching and impinging jets. This explains the disparities of the frequencies and azimuthal modes of the instability waves dominating early on in the shear layers of initially laminar jets and their discontinuous changes and staging behaviours as the jet velocity varies.
Direct statistical simulation of the Busse annulus
Authors: Oishi Jeffrey S. , Burns Keaton J. , Marston J.B. , Tobias Steven M.
Published: October 2022

We consider direct statistical simulation (DSS) of a paradigm system of convection interacting with mean flows. In the Busse annulus model, zonal jets are generated through the interaction of convectively driven turbulence and rotation; non-trivial dynamics including the emergence of multiple jets and bursting ‘predator–prey’ type dynamics can be found. We formulate the DSS by expanding around the mean flow in terms of equal-time cumulants and arrive at a closed set of equations of motion for the cumulants. Here, we present results using an expansion terminated at the second cumulant (CE2); it is fundamentally a quasilinear theory. We focus on particular cases including bursting and bistable multiple jets and demonstrate that CE2 can reproduce the results of direct numerical simulation if particular attention is given to symmetry considerations.
Wuchiapingian (Lopingian, late Permian) brachiopod fauna from Guangdong Province, southeastern China: systematics and contribution to the Lopingian recovery
Authors: Wu Huiting , Zhang Yang , Stubbs Thomas L. , Chen Anfeng , Zhai Pengcheng , Sun Yuanlin
Published: October 2022

A diverse Wuchiapingian brachiopod fauna, which contains 57 species in 28 genera, is described from the Shuizhutang Formation at the Liannan section, Guangdong province, southeastern China. Four new species Tyloplecta liannanensis n. sp., Linoproductus huananensis n. sp., Araxathyris minor n. sp., and Permophricodothyris flata n. sp. are proposed. From well-preserved Liannan specimens, characteristics of the shell microstructures in Permianella are revised, and different morphologies of muscle scars in Permophricodothyris are distinctly shown. Until now, only several Wuchiapingian brachiopod faunas have been found in South China. Compared with these faunas, the Liannan fauna shows much higher α diversity and is more like faunas from southeastern China than those from the Yangtze area in faunal composition. The Liannan fauna is dominated with Neochonetes, Transennatia, Orthothetina, Permophricodothyris, and Cathaysia, which are normally larger and more strongly ornamented than their Changhsingian counterparts. The Wuchiapingian brachiopods in South China are represented mainly by the Douling fauna and Shuizhutang fauna. The Douling fauna has relatively low diversity and presents the survival stage after the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary crisis. The Shuizhutang fauna has a much higher diversity and more key Changhsingian taxa and shows a rapid radiation stage. Faunal compositions of the two faunas indicate that the initial recovery of brachiopods occurred mainly at the genus level followed by a more rapid radiation at both genus and species levels.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/474cd988-6ec3-4d16-b045-f84d5fe3fb66
Late Cretaceous sturgeons (Acipenseridae) from North America, with two new species from the Tanis site in the Hell Creek Formation of North Dakota
Authors: Hilton Eric J. , Grande Lance
Published: October 2022

Although the Cretaceous is widely regarded as a time of great evolutionary transition for the freshwater fish fauna of North America, the fossil record of this period is notoriously poor, consisting mostly of fragments and isolated skeletal elements. Exceptions include the acipenseriforms, discussed in this paper, and some exceedingly rare teleosts. Here we describe two new species of well-preserved sturgeons (Acipenseridae) from the Tanis site in the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation of North Dakota. The type and referred materials were preserved in a loosely consolidated matrix. †Acipenser praeparatorum n. sp. is represented by multiple body fossils (including the head and relatively complete postcranial remains) and a specimen of an intact, three dimensionally preserved skull and pectoral girdle. This taxon can be diagnosed based on features of the opercular elements (exceptionally tall and narrow branchiostegal). The second species, †Acipenser anisinferos n. sp., is represented by a partially preserved skull, and can be diagnosed by a relatively elongate preorbital region (i.e., snout) and the absence of thorn-like spines on the skull roofing bones. Most known sturgeon fossils from the Cretaceous are represented only by undiagnosable fragmentary remains (i.e., scutes and pectoral-fin spines) or poorly preserved partial skeletons (e.g., †Protoscaphirhynchus), with †Priscosturion and †Anchiacipenser (both monotypic) being rare exceptions. Therefore, the newly discovered Tanis fossils give a rare glimpse into the evolution of Acipenseridae at a critical time in the phylogenetic history of acipenseriforms, and suggest significant morphological and taxonomic diversity early in the evolution of this group.

UUID: http://zoobank.org/375b586a-2dd8-4a31-b6c4-42151e6e8fc8
PARTITION GENERICITY AND PIGEONHOLE BASIS THEOREMS
Authors: MONIN BENOIT , PATEY LUDOVIC
Published: October 2022

There exist two main notions of typicality in computability theory, namely, Cohen genericity and randomness. In this article, we introduce a new notion of genericity, called partition genericity, which is at the intersection of these two notions of typicality, and show that many basis theorems apply to partition genericity. More precisely, we prove that every co-hyperimmune set and every Kurtz random is partition generic, and that every partition generic set admits weak infinite subsets, for various notions of weakness. In particular, we answer a question of Kjos-Hanssen and Liu by showing that every Kurtz random admits an infinite subset which does not compute any set of positive effective Hausdorff dimension. Partition genericity is a partition regular notion, so these results imply many existing pigeonhole basis theorems.
ON ROBUST THEOREMS DUE TO BOLZANO, WEIERSTRASS, JORDAN, AND CANTOR
Authors: NORMANN DAG , SANDERS SAM
Published: October 2022

Reverse Mathematics (RM hereafter) is a program in the foundations of mathematics where the aim is to identify the minimal axioms needed to prove a given theorem from ordinary, i.e., non-set theoretic, mathematics. This program has unveiled surprising regularities: the minimal axioms are very often equivalent to the theorem over the base theory, a weak system of ‘computable mathematics’, while most theorems are either provable in this base theory, or equivalent to one of only four logical systems. The latter plus the base theory are called the ‘Big Five’ and the associated equivalences are robust following Montalbán, i.e., stable under small variations of the theorems at hand. Working in Kohlenbach’s higher-order RM, we obtain two new and long series of equivalences based on theorems due to Bolzano, Weierstrass, Jordan, and Cantor; these equivalences are extremely robust and have no counterpart among the Big Five systems. Thus, higher-order RM is much richer than its second-order cousin, boasting at least two extra ‘Big’ systems.
APPROXIMATING NUMBERS OF THE CANTOR SET BY ALGEBRAIC NUMBERS
Authors: ZHANG YUAN , LIU JIA , SHI SAISAI
Published: October 2022

We consider the set of elements in a translation of the middle-third Cantor set which can be well approximated by algebraic numbers of bounded degree. A doubling dimensional result is given, which enables one to conclude an upper bound on the dimension of the set in question for a generic translation.
Does Democracy Die in Darkness? An Examination of the Relationship between Local Newspaper Health and Turnout in Municipal Politics
Authors: Andrews Ben , Pruysers Scott
Published: October 2022

This study is, to our knowledge, the first quantitative analyses of the relationship between local print newspaper health and voter turnout in Canadian municipal elections. Municipal turnout is understudied in Canada, and the few studies on the topic overlook the role of local media. This cross-sectional study fills a gap in the literature by determining the relationship between local print newspaper health and municipal election turnout in a unique dataset of 233 populous Canadian municipalities. Results reveal a significant positive correlation between turnout and two measures of newspaper health: (1) the total number of newspapers per population and (2) the publication frequency of the largest newspaper in a municipality.
Sweep the Nation by Song: The Townsend Plan, Old-Age Pensions, and Popular Music
Authors: BUCK SIMON
Published: October 2022

This article unpacks the music of the Townsend Plan, an ambitious Depression-era pension proposal, and the overlooked, yet deeply influential, national movement of its supporters, which aimed to simultaneously eradicate old-age poverty and revive the national economy. As well as providing a musical account of the media strategies, political tactics, and institutional culture of Townsendism, this article charts how different demographics of US society also mobilized popular music in arguments for or against pensions in the 1930s and 1940s. In the process, the article highlights some of the rich discourse about welfare, health, and aging in the mid-twentieth-century USA.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of infertility: a comparative study in infertile and fertile Indian women
Authors: Sharma Apoorva , Kamboj Navjot , Saraswathy K.N. , Puri Manju , Babu Nandita , Mahajan Chakraverti
Published: October 2022

For women who are trying to conceive, it is critical to assess their general knowledge regarding fertility and fertility-awareness practices to identify the fertile window and their agency to achieve pregnancy. The couple’s ability to deal with the infertility issue may be influenced by their beliefs and attitudes concerning infertility, which are based on social and cultural influences as well as their inner aspirations. As a result, it’s critical to examine infertile and fertile woman’s general knowledge of reproduction and infertility risk factors. It’s also crucial to learn about women’s attitudes toward infertility (social beliefs), as well as the repercussions of infertility and the practises they employ to avoid it. The present study includes 250 fertile and 250 infertile women. Data collection for infertile women was done from the Gynecology Outpatient Department (OPD). Participants from both groups i.e., infertile and fertile women have little knowledge about infertility but, infertile women have significantly higher knowledge than fertile women. Knowledge of the fertile period, as well as several potential causes of infertility, were found to be significantly higher in women with infertility problem rather than fertile women, indicating that the knowledge they have acquired is not attributable to education system, but rather to their experience gained during visits to medical practitioners. In addition to differences with respect to knowledge, infertile and fertile women differed in terms of both attitude (societal beliefs and social consequences of infertility) and practices. Better knowledge regarding infertility is likely to bring positive notes among women with infertility problems. Which will further improve the attitude and practices of society towards infertile women. Therefore, its crucial to introduce reproductive health education at high school or undergraduate level, to assist women in avoiding infertility and to help infertile women develop healthier attitudes regarding infertility treatment and coping techniques.
Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: developmental trajectories and associations with polygenic scores and childhood characteristics
Authors: Havers Laura , von Stumm Sophie , Cardno Alastair G. , Freeman Daniel , Ronald Angelica
Published: October 2022

Background

Psychotic experiences and negative symptoms (PENS) are common in non-clinical populations. PENS are associated with adverse outcomes, particularly when they persist. Little is known about the trajectories of PENS dimensions in young people, nor about the precursory factors associated with these trajectories.

Methods

We conducted growth mixture modelling of paranoia, hallucinations, and negative symptoms across ages 16, 17, and 22 in a community sample (N =12 049–12 652). We then described the emergent trajectory classes through their associations with genome-wide polygenic scores (GPS) for psychiatric and educational phenotypes, and earlier childhood characteristics.

Results

Three trajectory classes emerged for paranoia, two for hallucinations, and two for negative symptoms. Across PENS, GPS for clinical help-seeking, major depressive disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were associated with increased odds of being in the most elevated trajectory class (OR 1.07–1.23). Lower education GPS was associated with the most elevated trajectory class for hallucinations and negative symptoms (OR 0.77–0.91). Conversely for paranoia, higher education GPS was associated with the most elevated trajectory class (OR 1.25). Trajectory class associations were not significant for schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, or anorexia GPS. Emotional/behaviour problems and life events in childhood were associated with increased odds of being in the most elevated trajectory class across PENS.

Conclusions

Our results suggest latent heterogeneity in the development of paranoia, hallucinations, and negative symptoms in young people that is associated with specific polygenic scores and childhood characteristics.
Crystal structure of ponazuril, C18H14F3N3O6S
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Gates-Rector Stacy , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: October 2022

The crystal structure of ponazuril has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Ponazuril crystallizes in space group P21/c (#14) with a = 8.49511(6), b = 12.38696(6), c = 18.84239(17) Å, β = 96.7166(4)°, V = 1969.152(12) Å3, and Z = 4. N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains along the a-axis, with a graph set C1,1(6). The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
Crystal structure of haloxon, C14H14Cl3O6P
Authors: Kaduk James A. , Gates-Rector Stacy , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: October 2022

The crystal structure of haloxon has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Haloxon crystallizes in space group P21/n (#14) with a = 19.60382(6), b = 10.05473(3), c = 8.73591(2) Å, β = 92.6617(2)°, V = 1720.088(11) Å3, and Z = 4. The structure consists of discrete molecules. The mean planes of the fused ring systems are approximately 0–11 and 011. The rings form staggered stacks perpendicular to these planes. There are no traditional hydrogen bonds in the structure, but several C–H⋯O and C–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds contribute to the crystal energy. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
Population density and distribution of the Endangered Black Shama Kittacincla cebuensis
Authors: Paguntalan Lisa J. , Reintar Andrew R. T. , Jakosalem Godfrey C. , Peña Gabrielle , Villarojo Alona
Published: October 2022

The Endangered Black Shama Kittacincla cebuensis is endemic to the island of Cebu, Philippines. We surveyed 11 forest patches from February 2018 to March 2020 to determine current distribution, habitat requirements, and population density of the Black Shama. A total of 111 point count stations was surveyed resulting in 93 Black Shama detections. Using point count Distance sampling, the population density was estimated at 313 individuals/km2 for a total population of 11,839 individuals (9,160–15,415). The largest sub-population (10,470) was in Alcoy, followed by Argao (711), and Dalaguete (325). Our total population estimate and sub-population estimates were higher than the estimate of 6,650 individuals made by BirdLife International for the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. The species was found to survive in a variety of habitats in at least 20 localities covering roughly 37 km2 of karst forest. We did not encounter the bird in seven areas of its former range. Protection of the remaining forests of Cebu and the establishment of plantations of native tree species in between forest patches are crucial to the survival of the species.
Experimental determination of breast skin dose using volumetric modulated arc therapy and field-in-field treatment techniques
Authors: Cardona-Maya Ana María , Rojas-López José Alejandro , Germanier Alejandro , Murina Patricia , Venencia Daniel
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

The use of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) on the breast has several dosimetric advantages but its impact on skin dose should be evaluated and compared to well-established treatment techniques using tangential fields. The aim of this work is to contrast the skin dose for VMAT and field-in-field (FIF) and to estimate the magnitude of the skin dose involved.

Method:

The skin dose was measured, without build-up, using thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) in breast radiotherapy by an in-house anthropomorphic phantom. Two different treatment techniques were used: FIF and VMAT, based on the planning strategy proposed by Nicolini et al. The dose levels were 4300 cGy, 4600 cGy and 5600 cGy in 20 fractions.In vivodosimetry with TLD for VMAT was performed for different breast sizes in the same locations as phantom measurements.

Results:

The ipsilateral phantom breast skin dose using both treatment techniques was equivalent. TLD measured doses by the VMAT technique were up to 5% higher than OSLD, although they agree if we consider the geometry uncertainty of the TLD. In accordance with in vivo dosimetry, the mean dose of the ipsilateral breast skin was 62 ± 6% (51%, 75%) relative to the prescribed dose, regardless of the breast size for the volumes considered with this small population (n= 9) as shown by Mann–Whitney U-test (Z= 1·9, 95% confidence). The uncertainty expected in this region due to geometry (volume) changes is up to 9% higher for volumes from 225·9 cc to 968·8 cc. According to the treatment techniques andin vivodosimetry, the contralateral breast skin dose was 1·0% in FIF and 2·5% in VMAT concerning the prescribed dose.

Conclusion:

There is no difference in skin dosimetry between VMAT and FIF techniques on the ipsilateral breast. It provides useful support for the use of VMAT as a planning technique for breast irradiation. The work describes the importance of quantifying potential differences in skin dosimetry.
Taking Off the Neoliberal Lens: The Politics of the Economy, the MIT School of Economics, and the Strange Career of Lawrence Klein
Authors: Shenk Timothy
Published: October 2022

Over the last decade, a narrative centered around the rise of neoliberalism has become the dominant framework for explaining recent US, and often global, history. Although this neoliberal lens has repeatedly proven its value, it also obscures major continuities running across the twentieth century. This article highlights one striking example of continuity that becomes easier to see after taking off the neoliberal lens—namely the commitment to discretionary management of the macroeconomy, often short-handed as Keynesianism. It begins with a survey linking the development of a politics centered around managing the economy to the making of what Karen Orren and Stephen Skowronek have termed a “policy state.” Next it considers the role of economists within the policy state, paying particular attention to what it calls the MIT school of economics. Then it uses the career of Lawrence Klein, an exemplary product of the MIT school, to illuminate the politics of the economy in a supposedly neoliberal age.
Predictive analytics and governance: a new sociotechnical imaginary for uncertain futures
Authors: Lazaro Christophe , Rizzi Marco
Published: October 2022

In an era of global sanitary, economic and ecological crisis, beliefs in the predictive power of artificial intelligence (AI) progressively penetrate the legal and political spheres, in search of new ways to anticipate and govern the future. In this context, it is critical to understand the idiosyncratic nature of the interplay between governance and algorithmic logics of prediction. This contribution discusses how the association between governance and AI makes the future knowable in the present and shapes a programmatic way of formalising, justifying and deploying action in the here and now. We focus on three principles of institutional mobilisation in the face of uncertainty and indeterminacy: precaution, pre-emption and preparedness, each of which is affected by the use of AI relying on so-called ‘real-time predictions’. Drawing from risk theory and Science and Technology Studies, we argue that the current convergence between AI and governance is shaping a new sociotechnical imaginary, promoting a distinctive conception of life and of the future in the age of the Anthropocene.
Inherited Heterogeneities Can Control Viscous Subduction Zone Deformation of Carbonates at Seismogenic Depths
Authors: Leah H. , Fagereng Å.
Published: October 2022

This work links mineral‐scale deformation mechanisms with structural evolution during subduction, providing examples showing how grain‐scale heterogeneities facilitated viscous creep in calcite at nominally seismogenic temperatures. Carbonates commonly enter subduction zones, either highly concentrated in irregularly distributed sediments or as more distributed precipitates in seafloor volcanics. We present shear zones, localized in calcite veins formed during shallow subduction of calcareous sediment and seafloor volcanics, with viscous shear strains of ≥5. Shear strain localized because secondary phases and chemical variations maintained fine grain sizes in calcite aggregates, activating relatively rapid grain size‐sensitive and frictional‐viscous creep at temperatures (260 ± 10°C), cooler than predicted from extrapolation of experimental data. Creep at increased strain rates may limit elastic strain accumulation during interseismic periods, reducing the likelihood of large megathrust earthquakes. As shown here for calcite, common inherited natural heterogeneities may induce weakening of viscous mechanisms in other rocks, or at larger scales in the lithosphere.
Amplification of the Temperature Seasonality in the Mediterranean Region Under Anthropogenic Climate Change
Authors: Feng Xiaofan , Qian Cheng , Materia Stefano
Published: October 2022

Amplified warming in the Mediterranean region in summer, corresponding to strengthening temperature seasonality (Tseasonality), increases the frequency and intensity of heatwaves and endangers both human health and ecosystems. However, previous studies have not found a detectable signal of anthropogenic forcing in changes in Tseasonality in the Mediterranean and the contribution from human activities is unclear. Here, we show that signals of anthropogenic forcing and greenhouse gas forcing can be detected for the period 1950–2014, the signals of anthropogenic and natural forcing are separable, and the contribution of anthropogenic forcing is 74% using the optimal fingerprinting approach. Future projections based on attribution constraints indicated that Tseasonality will continue to strengthen by more than 2°C by 2100, which is much worse than predicted by direct model output. These results are important for understanding and projecting the impacts of human activities on Tseasonality and related summer heatwaves in the future.
Accelerated Transition Between Dry and Wet Periods in a Warming Climate
Authors: Chen Huijiao , Wang Shuo
Published: October 2022

The consecutive occurrence of meteorological dry and wet extremes has been receiving increasing attention due to potentially larger social and environmental impacts than single extremes. However, the changing characteristics of transitions between dry and wet periods remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the dynamic evolution of dry‐to‐wet transitions in response to climate warming, using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index as well as observations and general circulation models for the periods of 1954–2014 and 2040–2100. We find that approximately three‐fifths of global land area are projected to experience an accelerated dry‐to‐wet transition. Southern Asia has been experiencing the most severe dry‐to‐wet transitions and is projected to suffer more frequent, more intense, and accelerated dry‐to‐wet transitions. The increasing potential evapotranspiration (PET) variability plays an important role in accelerating the dry‐to‐wet transition in Southern Asia, while precipitation and PET variabilities contribute to the intensification of dry‐to‐wet transitions in Southern North America.
Analysis of the Hydrogeological Conditions Affecting Fault Response to Nearby Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Yehya A. , Basbous J. , Maalouf E.
Published: October 2022

The response of critically stressed dormant faults to fluid perturbation, by oil and gas production, has been a major public concern because of its link to induced seismicity. In this paper, we study the hydrogeological factors that affect a nearby fault response, during and after hydraulic fracturing (HF) operations, evaluated by the change in Coulomb Failure Stress (CFS) and the rate of seismicity (R) through coupling solid deformation and fluid flow. Our results show that the pore pressure increases rapidly in a fault that is close (hydraulically connected) to HF operations, which might lead to its activation when the injection rate is high. When the fault is adjacent to HF but distant from it, its shallow region is subjected to a stabilizing deformation‐induced normal compressive stress and its deeper region is destabilized under extension. In this case, the fault orientation and damage zone size have a significant effect on the fault's stability and response. On the other hand, decreasing the rate of injection can either increase or decrease the CFS values depending on the fault location and the dominant stresses. Therefore, serious attention should be given to the fault position, its architecture, and the injection rate to help reduce the potential for induced seismicity from HF. Our findings are verified and confirmed using the case of the Duvernay formation in Alberta, Canada, where the reported seismic data correlate with high CFS and R values.
Ferritin – a multifaceted protein scaffold for biotherapeutics
Authors: Lee Na Kyeong , Cho Seongeon , Kim In-San
Published: October 2022

The ferritin nanocage is an endogenous protein that exists in almost all mammals. Its hollow spherical structure that naturally stores iron ions has been diversely exploited by researchers in biotherapeutics. Ferritin has excellent biosafety profiles, and the nanosized particles exhibit rapid dispersion and controlled/sustained release pharmacokinetics. Moreover, the large surface-to-volume ratio and the disassembly/reassembly behavior of the 24 monomer subunits into a sphere allow diverse modifications by chemical and genetic methods on the surface and inner cage of ferritin. Here, we critically review ferritin and its applications. We (i) introduce the application of ferritin in drug delivery; (ii) present an overview of the use of ferritin in imaging and diagnosis for biomedical purposes; (iii) discuss ferritin-based vaccines; and (iv) review ferritin-based agents currently in clinical trials. Although there are no currently approved drugs based on ferritin, this multifunctional protein scaffold shows immense potential in drug development in diverse categories, and ferritin-based drugs have recently entered phase I clinical trials. This golden shortlist of recent developments will be of immediate benefit and interest to researchers studying ferritin and other protein-based biotherapeutics.