bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Стан та перспективи випробувань системи герметичного огородження реакторної установки з ВВЕР-1000 на герметичність
Authors: Kravchenko V. , Vlasov А. , Golovchenko А. , Mazurenko А. , Dubkovskyi V. , Chulkin O.
Published: June 2023

Система герметичного огородження є четвертим бар’єром безпеки на шляху виходу радіоактивних елементів та іонізуючого випромінювання в навколишнє середовище у разі аварії. Її надійності приділяється велика увага: після кожного планово-попереджувального ремонту або після кожного позаштатного розущільнення засобів локалізації аварії здійснюються випробування системи герметичного огородження на герметичність. Під час цих випробувань на АЕС України використовується метод «абсолютного тиску». За цим методом за результатами вимірювання тиску, температури та вологості повітря визначається маса наявного в системі герметичного огородження повітря за рівнянням Менделєєва-Клапейрона. Тобто виток визначається непрямим методом: розрахунком маси наявного повітря в об’ємі протягом деякого часу. Зараз на АЕС України досягнуто доволі високі показники герметичності, тобто інтегральний витік достатньо малий, тому методичні основи випробувань мають удосконалюватися. Складність та велика тривалість випробувань за методом «абсолютного тиску» (більш ніж доба) є стимулом для скорочення часу випробувань. У статті запропоновано замість методу «абсолютного тиску» для визначення інтегрального витоку, як критерію герметичності системи герметичного огородження, використовувати перспективний компенсаційний метод. Останній дозволяє визначати інтегральний витік із системи герметичного огородження прямим вимірюванням значно швидше і точніше. Наведено схему та принцип використання компенсаційного методу за допомогою контрольної ємності. Описано методику проведення вказаного вище вимірювання. Зазначається, що компенсаційний метод потребує використання приладу вимірювання малої витрати повітря, що спричиняє певні труднощі. Зазначається, що до верифікації нового методу мають використовуватися два методи одночасно. Проаналізовано всі п’ять етапів проведення випробувань. Показано, що через відсутність етапу вакуумування (можливість чого має підтверджуватися запланованим графіком нагнітання повітря до щільної системи герметичного огородження), використання ежектора (для скорочення часу нагнітання), компенсаційного методу вимірювань та зменшення етапу стабілізації температури тривалість випробувань може бути зменшена на 56 %.
Захист об’єктів критичної інфраструктури України від прямих влучань ракет за допомогою підземного розташування
Authors: Kotsiuruba V. , Bilyk А. , Bzot V. , Dzeverin I.
Published: June 2023

У статті аналізуються основні загрози ураження вітчизняної критичної інфраструктури крилатими та аеробалістичними ракетами рф. Зібрано відомі характеристики основних ракет противника, а також проведено наближені обчислення їх специфічних параметрів.

Наведено методику розрахунку захисних товщ підземних укриттів об’єктів критичної інфраструктури, а також їх компонувальні схеми за повного і часткового заглиблення та у разі поверхневого укриття.

На підставі аналізу розрахункових даних показано доцільність заглибленого розташування головних елементів об’єктів критичної інфраструктури в енергетиці, зокрема розподільчих підстанцій тощо.

Наведено геометричні розміри укриттів залежно від параметрів ґрунтового середовища.

Стаття входить до циклу публікацій авторів щодо розробленої ними концепції «Країна-фортеця», реалізація якої спрямована на забезпечення інтегрального захисту території України, об’єктів, громадян та систем.
ZeroHouse: A made-in-Toronto net zero housing solution
Authors: Ehlich Tim , Atkinson Cheryl
Published: June 2023

Buildings are the largest source of carbon emissions in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. At the same time, we face a worsening housing shortage. The ZeroHouse, a new partnership between Ryerson University’s Architectural Science Department and the Endeavour Centre, offers an exciting new solution to tackle both carbon emissions from buildings and the lack of affordable housing. We asked the ZeroHouse team to explain this exciting project in more detail.
Postmodern Social Work: Reflective Practice and Education
Authors: Moffatt Ken
Published: June 2023

How should social workers adapt to a time of widespread instability and uncertainty? How can social work practice account for the ever-increasing infiltration of technology and media images into our daily lives and mental states? In this book, Ken Moffatt turns to postmodern philosophy’s grappling with late capitalism and the omnipresence of technology in order to develop a new approach to reflective social work practice and critical pedagogy.

Postmodern Social Work attempts to reconcile postmodern thinkers with the realities of teaching social work to diverse student populations in a precarious era. Moffatt advocates an ideal of reflective practice that allows social workers to combine direct experience, social welfare, and social justice. Through a series of interlocking essays focused on the theoretical underpinnings of reflective practice in the context of social work education, he explores the implications of postmodern theory for social work practice. Drawing on thinkers such as Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, Julia Kristeva, Gilles Deleuze, and Félix Guattari, Moffatt lays out a path forward for reflective social work, providing new ways of thinking that collapse old categories and integrate direct practice with community engagement and social analysis. Postmodern Social Work offers an approach to practice and teaching that considers the shifting landscape of social change while remaining true to social work’s primary concerns of inclusion and justice. 
The Development of Tourism Village Business Model (Case in Tourism Village of Kampung Bambu Banyuresmi)
Authors: Satyanegara Diqbal , Widikusyanto Muhammad Johan
Published: June 2023

During Covid 19 pandemic, tourism village requires appropriate business model to sustain and survive in order to achieving organization goals. One of the adaptable business models is Business Model Canvas which able to convert complexity of business model into simplify and easy to understand. This research is trying to identify and map current business model of Desa Wisata Kampung Bambu, evaluate business model by SWOT analysis, formulate strategy for developing Desa Wisata Kampung Bambu, and creates design of Desa Wisata Kampung Bambu’s Business Model Canvas. 6 respondents determined intentionally with purposive sampling method consist of 5 managers representative and 1 academician. There are four elements of Business Model Canvas chosen to be prioritize by Desa Wisata Kampung Bambu in order to revise their business strategy among others : Key Activites, Value Proposition, Cost Structure, dan Revenue Streams. Business Model Canvas result also reveals that Desa Wisata Kampung Bambu should make improvements to the model business along with strategy for business development in the future. As consequences, this would be impact to spending activity, potential revenue, primary activity, and Desa Wisata Kampung Bambu’s value proposition.
A Study on the Effect of Governance and Accounting Quality on Administrative Expenses of Busan Apartment House
Authors:   Korean Association Of Computers And Accounting, Lee Hyun-Mi , Lee Jin-Soo
Published: June 2023

This study started what kind of factors have an effect on the maintenance cost of apartment houses and then I focused on the governance of apartment houses and quality of accounting on them as the factors.
Overall, the components of governance and accounting quality have been shown to have a positive effect on management costs. The differentiation of this study is that even after controlling for the major variables covered in the preceding study, the quality of the joint housing governance and accounting, which are the main variables of this study, indicated that additional incremental descriptions existed in the cost of managing the shared housing. In particular, in this study, the fact that the analysis was performed after completing a questionnaire and obtaining direct primary data is also different from the existing research. The results of this empirical analysis are expected to present some practical implications for key stakeholders surrounding apartment houses, including policymakers and executive offices. In the future, various control variables should be added and samples should be expanded nationwide, not limited to Busan area, to generalize the results.
The Effect of Discretionary Earnings Smoothing and Asymmetric Timeliness of Loss Recognition on Nonlinear Relationship between Earnings Smoothing and Information Asymmetry
Authors:   Korean Association Of Computers And Accounting, Kim Myoung-Jong , Kim Jong-Gyu
Published: June 2023

Previous studies have reported conflicting results on the relationship between earnings smoothing and information asymmetry depending on the positive and negative roles of earnings smoothing. For these contradictory results, Jayaraman(2008) confirmed that there is a U-shaped non-linear relationship between earnings smoothing and information asymmetry due to discretionary earnings smoothing. This study tried to verify the nonlinearity of earnings smoothing and information asymmetry by focusing on the conflicting correlation between cash flow and accrual between discretionary earnings smoothing and asymmetric recognition of loss recognition(ATLR). The main findings are as follows. First, as the frequency of ATLR increases, the negative correlation between cash flow and accrual weaken and earnings volatility increase；thus the frequency of ATLR is a factor that lowers the level of earnings smoothing. Second, earnings smoothing and information asymmetry have a positive (＋) relationship in the smooth earnings group, whereas, earnings smoothing and information asymmetry have a negative (-) relationship in the volatile earnings group. This result means a non-linear relationship between earnings smoothing and information asymmetry depending on the volatility of earnings. Third, it is found that information asymmetry increased as the frequency of ATLR increased. This means that as the frequency of ATLR increases, the volatility of earnings increases, and uncertainty about investors’ future earnings and cash flow forecasts increases, resulting in increased information asymmetry.
Finally, discretionary earnings smoothing provides a positive (＋) effect to earnings smoothing based on the negative (-) correlation between cash flow and accrual, and results in a positive (＋) relationship between earnings smoothing and information asymmetry. On the contrary, ATLR provides a negative (-) effect on earnings smoothing based on the positive (＋) correlation between cash flow and accrual, and results in a negative (-) relationship between earnings smoothing and information asymmetry. As a result, a non-linear relationship between earnings smoothing and information asymmetry is induced from the conflicting correlation of cash flow and accrual between discretionary earnings smoothing and ATLR.
Effects of Managers Compensation Structure on ESG Performance
Authors:   Korean Association Of Computers And Accounting, Hwang Seong-Jun , Shin Chan-Hyu
Published: June 2023

Recently, ESG, which affects corporate capital raising, has become important. The board of directors will encourage ESG management to increase corporate value from a long-term perspective. One way for boards to direct executive decision-making is to consider adjusting executive compensation. If executives have incentive compensation to induce ESG management, it will be possible to match the ESG performance of the company with the performance of the executive(Bebchuk et al., 2002；Marens, 2002；Zalewski, 2003). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to study the relationship between executive compensation and ESG performance using the ESG evaluation score of the KCGS. Specifically, we will analyze the impact of executive compensation on ESG performance, and verify through empirical analysis how the executive compensation composition affects ESG performance.
The analysis results are as follows. First, it was verified that the higher the executive compensation, the higher the ESG performance of the company. Second, it was verified that the higher the stock compensation ratio of the manager, the higher the ESG performance of the company. These analysis results can be judged that executive compensation is made in connection with ESG performance. In addition, as a method of incentive compensation to enhance ESG performance, it can be judged that the stock compensation ratio among executive compensation components is increased.
The contribution of this study is that by identifying the relationship between ESG performance and the compensation of the manager, which is not the main goal of corporate management, the motivation of the manager to perform ESG management is identified, and the incentive to induce ESG management for corporate sustainability management That is, the reward system was identified.
The Effects of Sales-change Size on the Asymmetric Cost Behavior
Authors:   Korean Association Of Computers And Accounting, Kim Jeong-Yeop , Jung Jae-Eul
Published: June 2023

ABJ focus on the current period sales-change direction and predicted asymmetric cost behavior. BBCM extended ABJ model by considering the prior period’s sales changes on asymmetric cost behavior. Recently, Ciftci and Zoubi(2019) investigated the impacts of current sales-change size on asymmetric cost behavior extending BBCM’s two-period model.
The purpose of our study is to analyze the effects of current sales-change size on asymmetric cost behavior in Korea using Ciftci and Zoubi model.
The results of the analysis are as follows. First, In the case of prior sales increase, current small(medium) sales change affects more significantly to the stickiness of cost than large current sales change. In addition, in the case of prior sales decrease, current small(medium) sales change lessens the stickiness of cost more significantly than large current sales change. These results are consistent with our hypotheses. However, medium-size sales change’ coefficient is large than that of small-size sales change, so the relationship between current sales change and cost stickiness is not monotonic, and the model including dummy variables’ main effect terms is somewhat unstable, and in the case of prior sales decrease, the model doesn’t show anti-stickiness. We need more additional research to find out these anomalies are due to difference of cost behavior between Korea and U.S. or defects of the model.
Analyzing Users of Loan Comparison Platforms in South Korea
Authors:   Korean Association Of Computers And Accounting, Jang Chang-Woo , Kim Yeonkook J.
Published: June 2023

In South Korea, the market for online personal loan comparison services are booming. Using customer data from a lender firm in Korea, we analyze how borrowers from different affiliate marketing channels including four major online personal loan comparison service platforms differ in terms of customer characteristics and their likelihood of default. Customers who takes out personal loans through online personal loan comparison service platforms are, on average, younger, more likely to purchase personal loan products rather than business loans, less likely to be in high credit rating level, and transact with a larger number lenders. Using multivariate analysis, we show that the likelihood of loan default varies by affiliate marketing channels. Our result calls for customized customer risk management programs by affiliate personal loan marketing channels to increase profitability of lender firms.
Investigating the therapeutic effect of glycation-lowering compounds on murine models of menopause-induced Alzheimer's Disease
Authors:   , Enriquez Najera Lizbeth
Published: June 2023

Menopause is a critical stage of ovarian aging that affects multiple other tissues. The imbalance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis during menopause results in increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease. Hormone replacement therapy is currently the only available option for treating menopause-related disorders, but it is expensive, short-term, and has various side effects. However, recent research indicates that blocking FSH with antibodies may improve Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in male and female mice, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for menopause-related disorders. Methylglyoxal (MGO) accumulation during menopause is a significant obstacle to identifying safe and effective pharmacological interventions to treat menopause-induced Alzheimer's disease pathology. We propose modulating glycation burden using Gly-low, an MGO-lowering cocktail, as a safe alternative treatment to mitigate menopause-induced cognitive decline in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We have demonstrated that Gly-Low can reduce FSH levels and improve cognition in ovariectomized 3xTg-AD mice, suggesting that compounds that protect against advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have the potential to prevent negative health complications that arise after menopause.
A CONJUNÇÃO DOS FATORES NACIONAIS, ESTADUAIS E LOCAIS SOBRE AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA A PRODUÇÃO ORGÂNICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE CASCAVEL-PARANÁ A PARTIR DE 2018
Authors: Dos Santos Brandalize Marisete , Piacenti Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2023

A agricultura brasileira sempre esteve centrada na monocultura e na produção para o mercado externo. Essa situação acarretou grandes desequilíbrios socioambientais e foi agravada pela Revolução Verde. A visão de que o modelo produtivo era insustentável fez com que surgissem políticas públicas para a agricultura familiar e, consequentemente, para a produção orgânica, a partir da década de 1990, nas esferas federal e estadual: PAA, PNAE, Lei 16.751/10. Diante disso, foram executadas, em Cascavel, diversas políticas públicas para o segmento. Por meio de questionários estruturados direcionados aos agricultores familiares, verificou-se que o município possui potencialidade para aumentar sua produção orgânica. Entretanto, as políticas públicas locais não se defrontam com os elementos dificultadores decorrentes do predomínio absoluto do agronegócio com ampla utilização de agrotóxicos. Por esses motivos, os avanços ainda são insignificantes.
Operating activities expenses in the non-financial reporting of electric power companies
Authors: Moliavin Maksym
Published: June 2023

This article provides an overview of key issues related to non-financial reporting on the operating activities expenses of electric power companies in Ukraine. Operating activities expenses are an important factor in ensuring financial stability and resilience of Ukrainian electricity companies. However, non-financial statements on these expenses can be challenging due to different types of expenses, calculation and presentation methods, and different perspectives of stakeholders. The article explores the role of stakeholders, particularly owners and investors, in ensuring the quality and transparency of non-financial reporting on operational expenses of Ukrainian electricity companies. The article emphasizes that financial reporting provides an instant snapshot of the financial performance and position of the company, including revenues, profits, assets, and liabilities, while non-financial reporting provides a more complete picture of the company's performance and impact, including on the environment, social and governance practices, operations, and management. The research in this article helps to understand the operational expenses reflected in the non-financial reporting of Ukrainian electricity companies and how these expenses impact environmental, social, and governance practices of the companies. With this information, energy companies and other stakeholders can improve their efficiency and transparency of reporting. The results of the research indicate that the presence of quality non-financial reporting in Ukrainian electricity companies is crucial for their stability and resilience, particularly in light of increasing interest in sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies. Furthermore, it can be concluded that more transparent and accurate non-financial reporting reduces the risks of financial instability and promotes attracting new investors. Therefore, this article can be useful for electricity companies and other stakeholders in understanding the importance of non-financial reporting on operational expenses and its impact on the sustainability and resilience of the companies.
Assessment of development of the credit market infrastructure
Authors: Shkvarchuk Liudmyla , Kosyk Viktoriia , Vorobii Khrystyna
Published: June 2023

This article examines the infrastructure of the credit market using the example of the European Union market. It was determined and argued that the level of infrastructure development is a determining factor in the effectiveness of the credit market. The types of infrastructure entities of the EU credit market have been identified. Their role in ensuring the stable functioning of the market is assessed. It was determined that Germany has the largest number of credit institutions within the EU credit market. It was analyzed and found that the level of competition in the credit market of this country is also the highest. It is noted that the number of credit institutions in other EU countries is several times smaller than the identical figure in Germany. The total spread of values is almost 9000%. It was determined that according to the indicator of the total number of credit market institutions, Ukraine occupies a leading position. By comparing the data, it was determined that Germany (23% of the total EU market) and France (22% of the total EU market) have the largest shares in terms of assets of non-bank credit institutions, while the smallest share is in Estonia, Bulgaria and Hungary. On the basis of statistical data, the concentration coefficients of banking institutions of the European Union and Ukraine were calculated by the size of assets, and a comparison was made. The necessary indicators and statistical data are systematized and depicted graphically. It has been calculated and proven that, in general, the concentration coefficients CR3, CR5, CR10 for the banking infrastructure in Ukraine are higher than the average for the EU market: the 10 largest banks of Ukraine account for more than 90% of the market. It is noted that in the conditions of the crisis (lockdown in 2020, war in 2022), the level of concentration in the credit market of Ukraine increases and decreases to a small extent when the country's economy revives. The advantages and disadvantages of the growing concentration of the credit market are defined and specified. Taking into account the obtained values of the concentration coefficients, a conclusion was made about the need for further improvement of the credit policy in Ukraine, in particular in terms of improving the functioning of the financial infrastructure.
Features of capitalization of enterprises in the context of a pandemic
Authors: Shkvarchuk Lyudmyla , Yarema Kyrylo
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to highlight the issues of capitalization of enterprises in the context of the covid-19 pandemic by using the example of nine enterprises conditionally divided into three groups. The first group includes business entities that had been significantly affected by quarantine measures. Businesses had been forced to significantly limit their activities at certain points in time and operate with some restrictions throughout the pandemic. Such enterprises include Silpo-Food LLC, Omega LLC and ATB-market LLC. The second group is business entities that didn’t have to make significant changes in their own functioning. This group includes PJSC «Zaporizhstal», PJSC «Arcelormittal Kryvy Rih» and PJS «Kamet-Steel» – TOP-3 metallurgical enterprises of 2022. The third group represents those enterprises which had been noted the positive impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, increased their profits and volumes of activity. This group is represented by Apteka-Magnolia LLC, PF Gamma-55 and Sirius-95 LLC – three largest pharmacy chains of Ukraine in 2022. Using the methods of statistical, trend and financial analysis, methods of analogies and generalization, the overall impact of the pandemic on the financial condition of companies was assessed, namely: a decrease in own savings and liquidity; partial or complete stoppage of investment projects; complicating the logistical aspect of enterprise activity. The provision level of business entities with their own expenses, i.e. the types of financial resource attraction inherent in each, was investigated, the interrelationships between financing methods and the level of losses from the pandemic were determined. Based on these data, three models of capital formation are identified, according to the grouped researched enterprises. The inherent features of the skin model are determined and devoid of advantages and disadvantages. It should be noted separately that the impact of the pandemic in the medium term was to some extent positive, since those enterprises that survived the corona crisis had some experience in countering sudden threats and a methodology for reducing losses in the event of their occurrence and were also better prepared for war.
Evaluation methodology in HR-management
Authors: Ostapchuk Tetiana , Biriuchenko Svitlana , Orlova Kateryna , Sotnyk Anhelina
Published: June 2023

The article provides a theoretical understanding of the methodological approach to evaluating the work of HR-services, on the basis of which a conceptual model of research in HR-management was built. According to the defined model, the evaluation methodology in HR-management consists of a set of elements: the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of human resources management; evaluation principles, methods and tools, as well as the evaluation procedure itself, which are described in the article. Attention is focused on the primary goals of HR-management and the criteria for their determination and achievement. Among the main principles of evaluation of human resources management the principles of optimality, reachability, transparency, periodicity, comprehensiveness and systematicity were singled out. It is noted that standard scientific methods are used in the assessment of HR-management, such as the systematic approach, logical, factor analysis, statistical, graphic, interview, questionnaires, testing, point method, and a number of the latest methods implemented in Ukrainian practice were also highlighted: management by objectives, circular assessment, assessment by competences or skills, knowledge, skills, experience and suitability for the position, assessment center, independent judges, KPI, integral indicator, etc. When describing the evaluation tools, metrics were selected in the direction of evaluating the effectiveness of HR-services and evaluating the enterprise’s personnel. In addition to directions, all metrics were grouped by business processes in HR-management to ensure the possibility of evaluating a specific process of recruiting, training, involvement, motivation, etc. A number of comparative characteristics of metrics and KPI are presented. By describing the evaluation procedure, possible evaluation objects and evaluation subjects, the order and place of the evaluation are determined. Possible digital tools for ensuring effective communications in HR management are outlined. The proposed methodological approach contributes to highlighting the general conceptual model of evaluation in HR-management and avoiding problems related to setting key goals, choosing methods and objects of research, and organizing the HR process evaluation procedure itself.
Correlation Between Hounsfield Units Measured by Diagnostic Noncontrast Enhanced CT in Lumbar Spine and Femoral Neck With Bone Mineral Density Measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Wongsuttilert Alisara , Limcharoen Sornsupha , Jaidee Watanya , Jearsirikul Teetawat , Kongpromsuk Sutasinee
Published: June 2023

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is widely available and measurement of Hounsfield unit (HU) is easy and reproducible. Can this measurement predict osteoporosis?
Objective: To evaluate correlation between HU of the lumbar spine and femoral neck and bone mineral density T-score (BMD T-score), and to assess the cutoff HU values at the lumbar spine and femoral neck to predict osteoporosis.
Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 237 patients who underwent both dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and CT within an interval of 1 year from January 2014 to August 2022. HU at the L1-L4 lumbar spine and femoral neck, as well as BMD T-score for the same regions were determined. Correlation of BMD T-score and HU was evaluated using Pearson correlation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine the cutoff HU values for predicting osteoporosis and its sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values.
Results: Among 205 patients included, 64 (31.2%) had osteoporosis. At the lumbar spine, the average HU was moderately correlated with the BMD T-score (r = 0.639; 95% CI, 0.550 - 0.714), whereas at the femoral neck, the average HU had a good correlation with BMD T-score (r = 0.756; 95% CI, 0.691 - 0.809). Cutoff values for predicting osteoporosis were 155 HU at the lumbar spine and 130 HU at the femoral neck.
Conclusions: HU and BMD T-score were more strongly correlated at the femoral neck than at the lumbar spine. A cutoff HU value of 130 at the femoral neck was used for predicting osteoporosis in Thai people.
Hybrid Switching Control-Based DC to AC Inverter for Microgrid Using Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Bayazid Md Hasan , Tawfikur Rahman  , Akter Masuma , Moniruzzaman Md , Mainul Emtiaz Ahmed , Nondy Ratan Kumar , Karim SM Rezaul , Sifat Sadik Shahriar Haque
Published: June 2023

Hybrid switching control-based direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) inverter is a method of controlling the flow of power from DC sources such as solar panels or wind turbines to AC loads in a microgrid. In a microgrid, renewable energy sources are often used to supplement traditional sources of energy and improve overall energy efficiency. To simulate micro-grid systems, an effective three-legged IGBT inverter has been developed using Matlab R2016a/Simulink. The inverter switches are controlled by a pulse controller, which creates the switching gate pulses. This work models the output voltage and current waveforms of the three-phase 180° voltage source inverter that supplies nonlinear loads. To lower the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current and voltage outputs of the three-phase voltage source converter (VSC), a filter circuit and a two-level pulse width modulation (PWM) generator have been presented. This pulse-width modulation generator compares the modulating signal and a high-frequency triangular carrier wave. Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is used for PWM control. Moreover, the hybrid switching control-based DC-to-AC inverter utilizes a combination of pulse width modulation (PWM) and hysteresis current control techniques to maintain a constant AC output voltage and frequency. PWM control is used to regulate the voltage, while hysteresis current control is used to regulate the current. Additionally, an inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL) filter is used to improve the stability of the power converter by providing a damping effect on the system. Overall, the LCL filter is a versatile and effective tool for improving the performance of power inverters, especially in applications where high efficiency and low harmonic distortion are important.
IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 6 (1): 25-46
Determining Corrosion Efficiency of a Green Solution Prepared from Extract of Dalbergia Sissoo Leaves in H2SO4 and its Characterization
Authors: Ahmed AKM Foysal , Hossain Nayem , Iqbal AKM Parvez
Published: June 2023

Corrosion is one of the major reasons why many industrial machines and machine parts deteriorate throughout their lifetime due to corrosion. In this regard, enormous engineers and industry owners are after the remedy for such corrosion to sustain the lifetime of machines and machine parts. There are two obvious ways to think about the solution, one solution is to replace the material for constructing the machines with superior materials and other solution is to find a corrosion resistance technique. Firstly, using the Stainless Steel (SS) for machines is a viable solution to get ride of the corrosion but it will also boost the price of the machines. Thus machine manufacturers are still relying on Mild Steel (MS) to build the machines for different industries. Secondly, a popular solutions to resist corrosion is the synthetic corrosion inhibitors but the concern is the environmental impact of such inhibitors. Finding alternative of synthetic inhibitors is a hot topic of research now-a-days and a trending alternative is green inhibitor. In the search of such inhibitors, a solution of Dalbergia Sissoo extract and H2SO4 is used to examine the change of corrosive behavior of Mild Steel Block in the presence of the solution prepared. The result of corrosion efficiency is the prime question in choosing any inhibitors. The method of determining corrosion efficiency of the proposed green inhibitor is discussed in this article. A promising result of maximum 72.44% of corrosion efficiency has been observed in 1M H2SO4 solution. The characterization of the corroded mild steel sample blocks are then examined through Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy Test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Result of FT-IR finds the reason of the inhibition whereas SEM reveals the evidence of corrosion inhibition due to the effect of Dalbergia Sissoo.
IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 6 (1): 77-87
Design and Fabrication of an Agricultural Spraying Machine Using a Knapsack Sprayer
Authors: Rakibuzzaman Md , Islam Aminul , Amin Md Al , Khan Md Mahfujur Rahman , Rahman Mohammad Saidur
Published: June 2023

Plant protection equipment is essential in the agricultural field for increasing crop productivity and minimizing the losses caused. Specialized machinery for mechanically applying chemicals is crucial for maximizing crop yields in farming. Farmers use a wide range of pesticides to counteract the effects of insects, diseases, and fungi on their crops. The backpack sprayers do the spraying with staffing, which requires more human effort, covers a small area, is time-consuming, and has a low storage capacity. The market introduced many products to address these limitations, but they cannot work simultaneously. Solar, electrical, and chemical energy is now being used to spray pesticides, but these methods are expensive and require a trained operator. To address the issues above, a product designed with adaptable spraying equipment is proposed to benefit medium-and small-scale farmers. This study aims to look at the problem of manual backpack sprayers and reduce backpack and foot spraying, eliminate human efforts, and decrease labor costs by advancing the spraying method and a constant flow of droplets. Finally, we have investigated the effects of urging gardeners and farmers to spray their plants with liquids such as pesticides, herbicides, and water. The proposed design can help gardeners in terms of comfort during spraying, reducing energy used to pump tanks, and effectively utilizing spraying time. 
IUBAT Review—A Multidisciplinary Academic Journal, 6 (1): 88-99
Highly Stretchable Strain Sensor with a High and Broad Sensitivity Composed of Carbon Nanotube and Ecoflex Composite
Authors: Hwangbo Yuhwan , Nam Hyun Jin , Choa Sung-Hoon
Published: June 2023

Wearable strain sensors with high and broad sensitivity, high stretchability and excellent mechanical endurance will be widely useful in smart wearable electronics. In this work, we developed a stretchable strain sensor fabricated with a simple stencil printing technique. The stretchable strain sensor was fabricated using a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-Ecoflex composite paste on an Ecoflex substrate. In particular, using IPA solvent, CNT particles were uniformly dispersed in the Ecoflex binder. The effect of the amount of Ecoflex resin on the stretchability and sensitivity of the sensor were also investigated. It was found that as the amount of Ecoflex resin increased, the stretchability of the sensor increased. The fabricated stretchable strain sensor showed a maximum stretchability of 1,000% with a wide sensitivity range from 3 to 12,287. The hysteresis tests indicated that the hysteresis of the fabricated stretchable strain sensor was very small, the electrical resistances of the sensors quickly returned to original value after tests. The strain sensor showed excellent mechanical durability during cyclic repeated tensile tests of 400,000 cycles. The results of the cross-cut adhesion tests indicated that the adhesion strength between the sensor composite layer and Ecoflex substrate was excellent. We also demonstrated the potential application of the stretchable sensor in wearable electronics by bending tests on a human finger and wrist.
Barbara Bray and Samuel Beckett as ‘Translaborators’: The Beckett – Duras – Bray Connection
Authors: Sardin Pascale
Published: June 2023

Revisiting the romantic myth of the isolated man of letters in his Ussy-Ivory Tower, this chapter highlights some of the translatory collaborative processes in which Beckett was involved. Barbara Bray, whom Beckett met at the BBC in 1956, was then a script editor. At the BBC she translated, adapted and produced a great many texts from the French language. Beckett offered his help with this, as is testified by his lengthy and detailed remarks on Bray’s version of The Square by Duras in an unpublished 1957 letter. In return, it is likely he was influenced by Duras through the agency of Bray. What is more, the correspondence attests to the fact that Bray extensively and systematically helped Beckett with self-translating. Investigation of this collaborative translation highlights the minoritising process (Deleuze) that the art of (self-)translation involved for both Bray and Beckett via Duras.
Probiotics in treatment of respiratory viral infections
Authors: Baryshnikova N. V.
Published: June 2023

Acute respiratory viral infections (RVI) traditionally lead in frequency of morbidity and frequency of visits to medical institutions. RVI affects people of completely different ages, including children and the elderly, whose diseases occur with more severe symptoms and a higher risk of complications. The study of the pathogenesis, optimization of treatment and prevention of RVI is extremely relevant and has special signiﬁcance in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, quite a large number of people on the planet have disorders of the gut microbiota, which negatively affects the metabolic process, the state of immunity and may underlie the development of systemic inﬂammatory reactions. In situation of gut dysbiosis, a more severe and prolonged duration of RVI is noted, which may be associated with a change in the immunological effects of the gut microbiota, the insufﬁciency of a number of factors of local and common immunity and a disorder of the functioning of the ‘gut-lungs’ axis. Pathogenetically justiﬁed the usage of medications (probiotics) for the correction of gut microbiota disorders in patients with RVI, including those taking antibiotics for bacterial complications. Probiotics have immunomodulatory effects. They can directly inhibit the attachment of the virus to the receptor of the host cell, and also contribute to the improvement of cellular, humoral and local immunity.
Enzybiotic-mediated antimicrobial functionalization of polyhydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Blanco Francisco G. , Vázquez Roberto , Hernández-Arriaga Ana M. , García Pedro , Prieto M. Auxiliadora
Published: June 2023

Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) present some ideal properties as biomedical nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery such as enhanced translocation through body barriers. Biopolymers, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are gaining attention as nanocarrier biomaterials due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to be vehiculized through hydrophobic media, such as the lung surfactant (LS). Upon colonization of the lung alveoli, below the LS layer, Streptococcus pneumoniae, causes community-acquired pneumonia, a severe respiratory condition. In this work, we convert PHA NPs into an antimicrobial material by the immobilization of an enzybiotic, an antimicrobial enzyme, via a minimal PHA affinity tag. We first produced the fusion protein M711, comprising the minimized PHA affinity tag, MinP, and the enzybiotic Cpl-711, which specifically targets S. pneumoniae. Then, a PHA nanoparticulate suspension with adequate physicochemical properties for pulmonary delivery was formulated, and NPs were decorated with M711. Finally, we assessed the antipneumococcal activity of the nanosystem against planktonic and biofilm forms of S. pneumoniae. The resulting system displayed sustained antimicrobial activity against both, free and sessile cells, confirming that tag-mediated immobilization of enzybiotics on PHAs is a promising platform for bioactive antimicrobial functionalization.
Difference of anisotropic and isotropic TV for segmentation under blur and Poisson noise
Authors: Bui Kevin , Lou Yifei , Park Fredrick , Xin Jack
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we aim to segment an image degraded by blur and Poisson noise. We adopt a smoothing-and-thresholding (SaT) segmentation framework that finds a piecewise-smooth solution, followed by k-means clustering to segment the image. Specifically for the image smoothing step, we replace the least-squares fidelity for Gaussian noise in the Mumford-Shah model with a maximum posterior (MAP) term to deal with Poisson noise and we incorporate the weighted difference of anisotropic and isotropic total variation (AITV) as a regularization to promote the sparsity of image gradients. For such a nonconvex model, we develop a specific splitting scheme and utilize a proximal operator to apply the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Convergence analysis is provided to validate the efficacy of the ADMM scheme. Numerical experiments on various segmentation scenarios (grayscale/color and multiphase) showcase that our proposed method outperforms a number of segmentation methods, including the original SaT.
A case study in designing trustworthy interactions: implications for socially assistive robotics
Authors: Zhong Mengyu , Fraile Marc , Castellano Ginevra , Winkle Katie
Published: June 2023

This work is a case study in applying recent, high-level ethical guidelines, specifically concerning transparency and anthropomorphisation, to Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) design practice for a real-world Socially Assistive Robot (SAR) application. We utilize an online study to investigate how the perception and efficacy of SARs might be influenced by this design practice, examining how robot utterances and display manipulations influence perceptions of the robot and the medical recommendations it gives. Our results suggest that applying transparency policies can improve the SAR's effectiveness without harming its perceived anthropomorphism. However, our objective measures suggest participant understanding of the robot's decision-making process remained low across conditions. Furthermore, verbal anthropomorphisation does not seem to affect the perception or efficacy of the robot.
The emergence of projected scaled patterns of extreme temperatures over Europe
Authors: Ozturk Tugba , Canbaz Emine , Bilgin Başak , Matte Dominic , Kurnaz M. Levent , Christensen Jens Hesselbjerg
Published: June 2023

This work investigates the scalability of extreme temperatures over the European domain with global warming levels. We have used the EURO-CORDEX ensemble of regional model simulations at 0.11° resolution for daily minimum and maximum temperatures to analyze future changes in extreme weather daily events. Scaling with the annual mean global warming modeled by the driving GCM was applied to future extreme temperature indices changes. Regional changes in each index were scaled by corresponding global warming levels obtained from GCMs. This approach asserts that regional patterns of climate change and average global temperature change are linearly related. It can provide information regarding climate change for periods or emission scenarios when no simulations exist. According to the results, the annual minimum of the lowest temperature of the day (TNn) increases more than the annual maximum of the highest temperature of the day (TXx) for Europe. The multi-model mean of the changes in scaled patterns of extreme temperatures emerges early, around 2020, even before it becomes robust. Individual scaled patterns of TNn and TXx emerge from around 2040.
Attribution analysis of water use efficiency in tropical rubber plantations during drought-monsoon season transition
Authors: Guo Shenshen , Wu Zhixiang , Liu Wenjie , Sun Zhongyi , Wu Lan , Fang Mengyang , Wang Peng
Published: June 2023

Understanding the water use efficiency (WUE) of rubber plantations to seasonal fluctuations is critical for understanding the water, energy, and carbon cycle in tropical regions. In this study, we examine the exchange of water and heat fluxes between land and atmosphere in rubber plantation ecosystems during monsoon and drought seasons, employing data collected from eddy covariance towers. Further attribution analysis demonstrates that drought-induced alterations in the water use efficiency are predominantly governed by changes in surface resistance (positive contribution). The contributions of incoming shortwave radiation are virtually counteracted by air temperature and longwave radiation. It is noteworthy that the light use efficiency presents the most conspicuous negative contribution; however, this effect is predominantly counterbalanced by vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and aerodynamic resistance. The elevated water use efficiency (WUE) observed in rubber plantation ecosystems during the drought season raises concerns regarding the potential implications of anthropogenic forests on food and water security in tropical regions.