bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foucault, Wind e a ironia de Kant
Authors: Pimenta Pedro Paulo Garrido
Published: September 2018

A tradução de Foucault da Antropologia de Kant, realizada como tese complementar à História da loucura na idade clássica e publicada pela primeira vez em 1964, é precedida, na edição que ora vem a lume (Vrin, 2008), de uma longa introdução originalmente apresentada à comissão julgadora e posteriormente omitida pelo autor – que contraria assim a recomendação da banca e prefere considerá-la como uma espécie de esboço preparatório ao dito “livro dos signos”, publicado em 1966 com o título de Les mots et les choses – une archeologie des scienes humaines.1 Os anos que separam de sua publicação a redação desse estudo não puderam mitigar o valor das considerações de Foucault, que têm o duplo interesse de esclarecer a trajetória de seu pensamento no decorrer dos anos 60 e de instigar o interessado por Kant a quem sabe adotar novas perspectivas no estudo de sua filosofia.
Introdução à Antropologia (semestre de inverno 1781/82)
Authors: Suzuki Márcio
Published: September 2018

O texto traduzido nas páginas que seguem figura como introdução ao curso de Antropologia que Kant ministrou em Königsberg no semestre de inverno de 1781-1782. Esse curso é o primeiro da chamada fase “crítica”, e o mais longo dos publicados por Reinhardt Brandt e Werner Stark nos dois enormes tomos que constituem o volume XXV da edição da Academia (Berlim: de Gruyter, 1997). À diferença dos demais, catalogados pelo nome do aluno, do detentor do manuscrito ou do local em que foi encontrado ou depositado, o curso recebeu dos organizadores o título Menschenkunde (literalmente: “conhecimento do homem”), denominação que lhe fora dada por Fr. Ch. Starke (pseudônimo de Johann Adam Bergk) quando o publicou pela primeira vez em 1831. O texto que a edição da Academia traz da Antropologia de 1781-1782 é bem maior que o da edição Starke1, por ter sido estabelecido também a partir de outro manuscrito (sempre da mão de aluno ou copista) encontrado na Biblioteca Nacional de São Petersburgo.
Aquém das miragens: a negatividade no âmago da experiência
Authors: Paiva Rita
Published: September 2018

Este artigo perscruta o modo pelo qual H. Bergson, em As duas fontes da moral e da religião, equaciona o problema da negatividade, em contraposição ao modo pelo qual abordara esse tema em A evolução criadora. Assim, busca-se, primeiramente, explicitar os vínculos estabelecidos pelo autor entre as representações negativas e os imperativos lógicos e pragmáticos, o que atribui a essas imagens um caráter fundamentalmente fictício. Em seguida, a discussão volta-se para a nova conotação que essas representações adquirem na última obra. Aqui, um certo niilismo desponta como algo intrínseco à inteligência. O caráter ontológico desse niilismo passa então a ser equacionado pelo texto, bem como suas consequências.
Sobre o estudo da filosofia indiana
Authors: Sacrini Marcus
Published: September 2018

A tese geral deste texto é que muitas escolas indianas de pensamento podem fazer parte da formação acadêmica brasileira em filosofia. Afinal, um dos aspectos marcantes das obras filosóficas comumente estudadas em nossas instituições de ensino é a formulação de discursos argumentados, passíveis de aperfeiçoamento por meio de discussões ou debates. Ora, pode-se encontrar vários exemplos dessesdiscursos nos textos produzidos na Índia clássica.
A concepção de ética no utilitarismo de John Stuart Mill
Authors: Dias Maria Cristina Longo Cardoso
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é traçar um panorama geral da ética no Utilitarismo de John Stuart Mill, a partir da identificação do seu modelo de indivíduo complexo (com tese e sub-teses da tese hedonista) que permite, notoriamente, a construção de uma moralidade abrangente com um amplo número de regras morais (ou princípios secundários da ação) cujo fundamento é o princípio de utilidade. Pretende-se ainda dividir os tipos de regras morais, possíveis neste sistema de pensamento, para além do princípio de utilidade, e verificar qual sua articulação com as máximas da liberdade.
Les passions intellectuelles, de Élisabeth Badinter
Authors: Pimenta Pedro Paulo
Published: September 2018

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O subsolo da Crítica – Uma conferência inédita de Lebrun sobre Kant
Authors: Lebrun Gérard
Published: September 2018

A presente transcrição foi realizada por Maria Lúcia Cacciola e Maurício Keinert, e editada por Pedro Paulo Pimenta.
Filosofia e análise cinematográfica
Authors: Matos Yanet Aguilera Viruez Franklin de
Published: September 2018

A relação entre filosofia e cinema está cada vez mais presente nas reflexões dos filósofos contemporâneos. Muitos deles escreveram livros que unem pensamentos filosóficos e análises fílmicas. Em geral, esta interdiscursividade lhes permitiu pôr na berlinda a concepção de imagem pressuposta tanto na filosofia como no cinema. Trata-se de examinar as teorias e a análise que Gilles Deleuze e Jacques Rancière fizeram de Vertigo, de Alfred Hitchcock, para entender a relação que ambos estabeleceram entre filosofia e prática fílmica analítica. O objetivo final é problematizar as conexões entre imagem e narrativa, que se revelam nessa junção e que fazem parte da tradição filosófica e cinematográfica. Ao mesmo tempo, propomos uma análise que considere o texto e a linguagem cinematográfica a partir da imagem, subvertendo desta forma a abordagem tradicional.
Winckelmann e o sem fim
Authors: Galé Pedro Fernandes
Published: September 2018

O texto tem por objetivo mostrar o papel decisivo de Winckelmann na história da compreensão moderna da arte. Quer por um viés estético, quer por um viés histórico, vários aspectos de recepção e de compreensão das artes parecem ter em Winckelmann um de seus patronos. Mostrando algumas operações em relação à arte que o autor de "História da arte da antiguidade" faz uso, o texto tenta explorar as possibilidades sem fim inseridas por Winckelmann em um momento seminal das disciplinas da estética, da arqueologia e da história da arte.
Natureza e arte na aurora do Romantismo
Authors: Vaccari Ulisses Razzante
Published: September 2018

O presente texto mostra a retomada do mote aristotélico da arte como aperfeiçoamento da natureza em Kant e em alguns autores do pós-kantismo, em especial em Fichte, Hölderlin e Schelling. Em Kant, a retomada se dá no conceito de gênio, interpretado como o momento de unificação de arte e natureza, regra e criação. Em Fichte, a relação entre arte e natureza passa a ser pensada por meio do binômio cultura e natureza, de modo que o conceito de gênio se transforma na figurado erudito (Gelehrter ). Nas Observações sobre Édipo e Antígona, Hölderlin atesta a necessidade de uma poética moderna baseada na lei calculável ou no logos da poesia, num sentido muito próximo da doutrina de Fichte, bem como Schelling, por fim, estipula como tarefa da modernidade a saída do idealismo de si mesmo e a procura de um fundamento na natureza, que se daria pela constituição de uma física, condição necessária para a criação de uma nova mitologia.
A recepção da doutrina da ciência em Jean Paul
Authors: Ferraguto Federico
Published: September 2018

Nesta contribuição serão destacados alguns aspetos que caracterizam a recepção da filosofia de Fichte em Jean Paul. Além do valor literário, a obra "Clavis Fichteana" representa um conjunto das primeiras críticas à "Doutrina da ciência" de Fichte, desempenhando um papel importante na identificação do idealismo ao niilismo. Após uma apresentação da gênese e dos pressupostos da crítica de Jean Paul, irei me concentrar no núcleo teórico que motiva suas críticas, seja no perfil teorético, seja no prático: o estatuto do não-eu como produzido por uma ficção imaginativa. Isso permitirá que destaquemos os variados momentos do trabalho fichtiano sobre este conceito até os últimos dias da sua reflexão filosófica, como tentativa de responder as críticas apresentadas por Jean Paul.
Poe, Baudelaire, e a estética romântica do fragmento
Authors: Philippov Renata
Published: September 2018

Este artigo pretende analisar a questão da fragmentação textual em algumas obras de Edgar Allan Poe e Charles Baudelaire como tributária da estética do fragmento discutida por Friedrich Schlegel. Objetiva-se estudar como esses autores teriam criado suas próprias estéticas do fragmento.
Hume, os fisiocratas e o nascimento do liberalismo econômico
Authors: Deleule Didier
Published: September 2018

—
Bataille: condição humana e literatura
Authors: Paiva Rita
Published: September 2018

Este artigo procura explorar o modo pelo qual, segundo Georges Bataille, o humano garantiu sua persistência ao submeter-se à tensão entre a transgressão e o interdito e ao esquivar-se da sujeição plena à violência e ao desejo de aniquilamento. Em seguida, visa destacar o modo pelo qual a criação artística e o ato literário constituem atividades que nos possibilitam uma realização oblíqua e indireta deste desejo que subsiste e pulsa intensamente em nós. Sob a perspectiva deste autor, a arte e a literatura vêm ao encontro do nosso mais profundo anseio de felicidade:  a superação das identidades fixas, a fusão com o ilimitado.
Galanteria e polidez. Sobre o Ivanhoe de Scott e David Hume
Authors: Balieiro Marcos Fonseca Ribeiro
Published: September 2018

Ainda que seja vista por alguns críticos como uma obra publicada apenas para servir como entretenimento, Ivanhoe, de Walter Scott, é um livro em que o autor se opõe ferrenhamente aos ideais de cavalaria, além de propor que a identidade nacional da Inglaterra teria se constituído a partir de uma síntese de maneiras originalmente opostas, a saber, as dos saxões e as dos conquistadores normandos. Tentar-se-á mostrar, ao longo deste artigo, que essa tese de Scott resulta de uma tomada de posição diante das considerações de David Hume acerca da relação entre a tradição medieval da cavalaria e a polidez moderna.
Combination of Amino‐Terminal Pro‐BNP, Estimated GFR, and High‐Sensitivity CRP for Predicting Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1 in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Zhang De‐Qiang , Li Hong‐Wei , Chen Hai‐Ping , Ma Qing , Chen Hui , Xing Yun‐Li , Zhao Xue‐Qiao
Published: September 2018

Background

Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (
CRS
1) as a complication of acute myocardial infarction can lead to adverse outcomes, and a method for early detection is needed. This study investigated the individual and integrated effectiveness of amino‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (Pro‐BNP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (CRP) as predictive factors for
CRS
1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

In a retrospective analysis of 2094 patients with acute myocardial infarction, risk factors for
CRS
1 were analyzed by logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to determine the predictive ability of the biomarkers individually and in combination. Overall, 177 patients (8.45%) developed
CRS
1 during hospitalization. On multivariable analysis, all 3 biomarkers were independent predictors of
CRS
1 with odds radios and 95% confidence intervals for a 1‐SD change of 1.792 (1.311‐2.450) for log(amino‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide, 0.424 (0.310‐0.576) for estimated glomerular filtration rate, and 1.429 (1.180‐1.747) for high‐sensitivity C‐reactive peptide. After propensity score matching, the biomarkers individually and together significantly predicted
CRS
1 with areas under the curve of 0.719 for amino‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide, 0.843 for estimated glomerular filtration rate, 0.656 for high‐sensitivity C‐reactive peptide, and 0.863 for the 3‐marker panel (all
P
<0.001). Also, the integrated 3‐marker panel performed better than the individual markers (
P
<0.05).
CRS
1 risk correlated with the number of biomarkers showing abnormal levels. Abnormal measurements for at least 2 biomarkers indicated a greater risk of
CRS
1 (odds ratio 36.19, 95% confidence interval 8.534‐153.455,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

The combination of amino‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive peptide at presentation may assist in the prediction of
CRS
1 and corresponding risk stratification in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Association Between Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance‐Derived Left Atrial Dimensions, Electroanatomical Substrate and NT‐proANP Levels in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Seewöster Timm , Büttner Petra , Nedios Sotirios , Sommer Philipp , Dagres Nikolaos , Schumacher Katja , Bollmann Andreas , Hilbert Sebastian , Jahnke Cosima , Paetsch Ingo , Hindricks Gerhard , Kornej Jelena
Published: September 2018

Background

Enlargement of left atrial (
LA
) size indicates advanced disease stage in patients with atrial fibrillation (
AF
) and is associated with poor success of different
AF
therapies. Two dimensional echocardiographic
LA
measurements do not reliably reflect the true size of
LA
anatomy. The aim of the current study was: 1) to analyze cardiovascular magnetic resonance (
CMR
)‐derived
LA
dimensions and their association with low voltage areas (
LVA
); and 2) to investigate the association between these parameters and
NT
‐pro
ANP
(N‐terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide) levels.

Methods and Results

Patients undergoing first
AF
catheter ablation were included. All patients underwent
CMR
imaging (Ingenia 1.5T Philips) before intervention.
CMR
data (
LA
volume, superior–inferior, transversal and anterior–posterior
LA
diameters) were measured in all patients.
LVA
were determined using high‐density maps and a low voltage threshold <0.5 mV. Blood plasma samples from femoral vein were collected before catheter ablation.
NT
‐pro
ANP
levels were studied using commercially available assays. There were 216 patients (65±11 years, 59% males, 56% persistent
AF
, 26%
LVA
) included into analyses.
NT
‐pro
ANP
levels in patients with
LVA
were significantly higher than in those without (median/interquartile range 22 [13–29] versus 15 [9–22] pg/mL,
P
=0.004). All
CMR
derived
LA
diameters correlated significantly with persistent
AF
(
r
²=0.291–0.468, all
P
<0.001),
LVA
(
r
²=0.187–0.306, all
P
<0.001), and
NT
‐pro
ANP
levels (
r
²=0.258–0.352,
P
<0.01). On logistic regression multivariable analysis, age (odds ratio=1.090, 95% confidence interval: 1.030–1.153,
P
=0.003), females (odds ratio=2.686, 95% confidence interval: 1.047–6.891,
P
=0.040), and
LA
volume (odds ratio=1.022, 95% confidence interval: 1.009–1.035,
P
=0.001) remained significant predictors for
LVA
.

Conclusions

Left atrial
CMR
parameters are associated with persistent
AF
, low voltage areas and
NT
‐pro
ANP
levels.
LA
volume is the most significant predictor for
LVA
.
Alterations in Portal Vein Flow and Intrarenal Venous Flow Are Associated With Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Beaubien‐Souligny William , Benkreira Aymen , Robillard Pierre , Bouabdallaoui Nadia , Chassé Michaël , Desjardins Georges , Lamarche Yoan , White Michel , Bouchard Josée , Denault André
Published: September 2018

Background

Acute kidney injury (
AKI
) after cardiac surgery is associated with adverse outcomes. Venous congestion can impair kidney function, but few tools are available to assess its impact at the bedside. The objective of this study was to determine whether portal flow pulsatility and alterations in intrarenal venous flow assessed by Point‐Of‐Care ultrasound are associated with
AKI
after cardiac surgery.

Methods and Results

This single‐center prospective cohort study recruited patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Hepatic and renal Doppler ultrasound assessments were performed before surgery, at the intensive care unit admission, and daily for 3 days after surgery. The primary statistical analysis was performed using proportional hazards model for time‐dependent variables. Among the 145 patients included, 49 patients (33.8%) developed
AKI
after cardiac surgery. The detection of portal flow pulsatility was associated with an increased risk of
AKI
(hazard ratio: 2.09, confidence interval, 1.11–3.94, P=0.02), as were severe alterations of intrarenal venous flow (hazard ratio: 2.81, confidence interval, 1.42–5.56,
P
=0.003). These associations remained significant in multivariable models. The addition of these markers to preoperative risk factors and central venous pressure measurement at intensive care unit admission improved the prediction of
AKI
. (Continuous net reclassification improvement: 0.364, confidence interval, 0.081–0.652 for portal Doppler and net reclassification improvement: 0.343, confidence interval, 0.081–0.628 for intrarenal Doppler)

Conclusions

Portal flow pulsatility and intrarenal flow alterations are markers of venous congestion and are independently associated with
AKI
after cardiac surgery. These tools might offer valuable information to develop strategies aimed at treating or preventing congestive cardiorenal syndrome after cardiac surgery.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02831907.
Reassessment of known fossil Pyraloidea (Lepidoptera) with descriptions of the oldest fossil pyraloid and a crambid larva in Baltic amber
Authors: HEIKKILÄ MARIA , SIMONSEN THOMAS J. , SOLIS M. ALMA
Published: September 2018

The identifications of known fossils currently placed in the lepidopteran superfamily Pyraloidea are critically re-examined. Of the eleven fossils examined, only three are confirmed to show morphological characters supporting placement in the superfamily. These fossils include a crambid larva in Baltic Amber, Baltianania yantarnia, Solis gen. n. et sp. n. and the oldest known fossil pyraloid, Eopyralis morsae Simonsen, gen. n. et sp. n. The third fossil, Glendotricha olgae Kusnezov, 1941, displays apomorphic characters for Pyraloidea, but is shown to be an inclusion in copal, not Baltic amber as had been reported. Seven fossil specimens lack reliable characters and cannot be assigned to Pyraloidea with certainty: Pyralites obscurus Heer, 1856; Pyralites preecei Jarzembowski, 1980; Petisca dryellina Martins-Neto, 1998; three fossil larvae tentatively identified as Pyralidae by Zeuner (1931); and Gallerites keleri Kernbach, 1967. A possible fossil pyraloid in Mizunami amber could not be located in museum collections and available literature does not provide details to assess the validity of the identification. We discuss the contribution of the reliably identified fossils towards better understanding the evolutionary history of Pyraloidea.
First record of the Asian ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), in Slovenia
Authors: KAVČIČ ANDREJA
Published: September 2018

Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), with the common name the Asian ambrosia beetle or the granulate ambrosia beetle, originates in tropical and subtropical regions of eastern Asia. It is one of the most widespread wood-boring beetles and among these one of the most successful invaders (IPPC 2017). Outside its native habitat, the species is present in Africa (Wood & Bright 1992, Atkinson et al. 2000), in Australia (IPPC 2017), on the Pacific Islands (Beaver 1976), in the Americas (Atkinson 1988, Rabaglia et al. 2006, Flechtmann & Atkinson 2016, Landi et al. 2017) and in Europe (Pennacchio et al. 2003, Nageleisen et al. 2015, Gallego et al. 2016, Francardi et al. 2017).
A Scale to Characterize the Strength and Impacts of Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Ralph F. Martin , Rutz Jonathan J. , Cordeira Jason M. , Dettinger Michael , Anderson Michael , Reynolds David , Schick Lawrence J. , Smallcomb Chris
Published: September 2018

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) play vital roles in the western United States and related regions globally, not only producing heavy precipitation and flooding, but also providing beneficial water supply. This paper introduces a scale for the intensity and impacts of ARs. Its utility may be greatest where ARs are the most impactful storm type and hurricanes, nor’easters, and tornadoes are nearly nonexistent. Two parameters dominate the hydrologic outcomes and impacts of ARs: vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) and AR duration [i.e., the duration of at least minimal AR conditions (IVT ≥ 250 kg m–1 s–1)]. The scale uses an observed or predicted time series of IVT at a given geographic location and is based on the maximum IVT and AR duration at that point during an AR event. AR categories 1–5 are defined by thresholds for maximum IVT (3-h average) of 250, 500, 750, 1,000, and 1,250 kg m–1 s–1, and by IVT exceeding 250 kg m–1 s–1 continuously for 24–48 h. If the AR event duration is less than 24 h, it is downgraded by one category. If it is longer than 48 h, it is upgraded one category. The scale recognizes that weak ARs are often mostly beneficial because they can enhance water supply and snowpack, while stronger ARs can become mostly hazardous, for example, if they strike an area with antecedent conditions that enhance vulnerability, such as burn scars or wet conditions. Extended durations can enhance impacts. Short durations can mitigate impacts.
Decay Rates of Internal Tides Estimated by an Improved Wave–Wave Interaction Analysis
Authors: Onuki Yohei , Hibiya Toshiyuki
Published: September 2018

Recent numerical and observational studies have reported that resonant wave–wave interaction may be a crucial process for the energy loss of internal tides and the associated vertical water mixing in the midlatitude deep ocean. Special attention has been directed to the remarkable latitudinal dependence of the resonant interaction intensity; semidiurnal internal tides promptly lose their energy to near-inertial motions through parametric subharmonic instability equatorward of the critical latitudes 29°N/S, where half the tidal frequency coincides with the local inertial frequency. This feature contradicts the classical theoretical prediction that resonant wave–wave interaction does not play a major role in the tidal energy loss in the open ocean. By reformulating the kinetic equation for long internal waves and developing its calculation method, we estimate the energy decay rates of the low-vertical-mode semidiurnal internal tides interacting with the “ubiquitous” oceanic internal wave field. The result shows rapid energy decay of the internal tides, typically within O(10) days for the lowest-mode component, near their critical latitudes. This decay time is severalfold shorter than those in the classical studies and, additionally, varies by a factor of 2 depending on the local depth and density structure. We suggest from this study that the numerical integration of the kinetic equation is a more effective approach than recognized to determine the decay parameter of wave energy, which is indispensable for the global ocean models.
Does It Take a School? Revisiting the Influence of First Arrest on Subsequent Delinquency and Educational Attainment in a Tolerant Educational Background
Authors: Kim Jihoon , Lee Yeungjeom
Published: September 2018

Objectives:

By drawing on cumulative influences of labeling in Western samples, this study examined the relationship between first-time arrest and delinquency and educational attainment in South Korea, a unique cultural context characterized by a heightened focus on education.

Method:

Propensity score matching was employed to match arrested and nonarrested juveniles. After the groups were balanced on 58 covariates, the matched sample was used to assess the influence of arrest on delinquency and on college enrollment with consideration of the mediating processes of the labeling mechanism and educational characteristics.

Results:

For a short period, arrest was significantly related to subsequent delinquency, although this association did not persist into the consecutive year. Arrest did not adversely influence college enrollment. The mediating models showed that arrest had a negative influence on deviant self-identity and educational characteristics; however, these associations did not extend to subsequent delinquency and educational attainment.

Conclusions:

Formal sanction experiences have a more imminent impact on amplifying deviance for arrestees, but this influence does not seem to last long term. Results imply that an education system with a tolerant atmosphere may serve as a buffer against labeling effects and highlight the importance of school context in shaping delinquent behavior.
Non-linear analysis of hydro-mechanical interactions in control devices during transient period: Bond graph approach
Authors: Zanj A. , He F.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a feasibility study on modeling the multi-physical dynamic behaviors of the start period of hydro-mechanical control devices is presented. Using a novel multi-model Bond graph approach, a nonlinear, variable degree-of-freedom, state-space model is developed for a typical pressure regulator during its start period. Simulation studies demonstrate the essential physical behavior of the regulator during the transient period, and confirm the integrity of the resulting nonlinear model of the system.
Preparation and application of polyacrylate binder for washing-free printing on polyester with disperse dyes
Authors: Wang Lili , Cui Songsong , Ni Huagang , Wu Minghua
Published: September 2018

The color performances of disperse dye washing-free printing have tight connections with the solubility parameters of polymer binders. Based on the solubility parameter theory, ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were selected as monomers. A series of polyacrylate (PA) binders were prepared by mini-emulsion polymerization. The effects of the mixed emulsifiers and the EHA-MMA mass ratios on PA properties were investigated. Results showed that PA emulsion remained more stable, the particle size and distribution were smaller, and the film possessed better tensile performances at the mass ratio of sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS):fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (O-10):propylene oxide propyl alkyl phenyl polyether ammonium sulfate (V-20S) of 1.5:1:1 at 6 wt %. The larger solubility parameter differences between monomers and disperse dyes could improve color yield of the washing-free printed polyester fabric to a greater extent. At the mass ratio of EHA and MMA of 11:9 (55 wt % EHA), PA achieved the best mechanical and washing-free printing properties and surpassed the commercial binders.
Fairness in the Field: The Ethics of Resource Allocation in Randomized Controlled Field Experiments
Authors: Rayzberg Margarita S.
Published: September 2018

Many in the international development community have embraced the randomized controlled field experiment, akin to a biomedical clinical trial for social interventions, as the new “gold evidential standard” in program impact evaluation. In response, critics have called upon the method’s advocates to consider the moral dimensions of randomization, leading to a debate about the method’s ethics. My research intervenes in this debate by empirically investigating how researchers manage the perception of randomization in the field. Without the possibility of a placebo, researchers rhetorically and materially frame the experiment differently for the control and treatment groups. Three technologies allow for this differential framing: geographic separation, temporal delay, and public randomization ceremonies. Geographic separation is a “technology of opacity” designed to obscure unequal resource distribution by disentangling the intervention and research components of the experiment for the control group. The latter two are technologies of transparency designed to expose the element of randomization but downplay conditions that may affect participant buy in. All three technologies work to preclude collective definitions of fair resource allocation, yet they are not fully successful in preventing modes of confrontation and resistance that lie outside of the experiment’s framing.
Domestic and International Information Linkages for the US Dollar/Indian Rupee Contracts: An Empirical Study
Authors: Sehgal Sanjay , Dutt Mala
Published: September 2018

This study examines price discovery and volatility linkages between USD/INR spot and futures contracts in India and between USD/INR futures contracts on National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE), India and on three international exchanges, namely Singapore Exchange (SGX), Dubai Gold and Commodity Exchange (DGCX) and Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), from 29 August 2008 to 30 March 2015. Findings show that, at domestic level, the futures dominate spot in the Indian currency market; these findings are stronger than those in an earlier study, indicating improved pricing as well as hedging efficiency in the Indian currency market. At international level, NSE is dominated by both CME and DGCX in price discovery and in short-term volatility spillovers, while NSE dominates both exchanges in long-term volatility spillovers. Further, NSE dominates SGX in the international information process. The dominance of CME and DGCX over NSE may be on account of their several advantages such as longer trading hours, operations being open even after NSE has shut business, much lower trading costs as well as lower regulatory restrictions. The study provides several significant policy suggestions for improving efficiency of the Indian currency market and is also relevant for foreign portfolio investors (FPIs), domestic investors, researchers and academicians. It contributes to literature on information transmission relating to currency markets in emerging economies.
Short-term changes in added sugar consumption by adolescents reflected in the carbon isotope ratio of fingerstick blood
Authors: Liu Sarah V , Moore Lori B , Halliday Tanya M , Jahren A Hope , Savla Jyoti , Hedrick Valisa E , Marinik Elaina L , Davy Brenda M
Published: September 2018

Background:

Consumption of added sugars (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) may adversely affect adolescents’ weight and cardiovascular disease risk. Reliance on self-reported dietary assessment methods is a common research limitation, which could be overcome by dietary intake biomarkers.

Aim:

The investigation was a proof-of-concept study to evaluate the proposed carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) biomarker of AS intake in adolescents, using a controlled feeding design.

Methods:

Participants ( n = 33, age 15.3 years, 53% female) underwent two seven-day controlled feeding periods in a randomly assigned order. Diets were matched in composition except for AS content (5% or 25% of total energy). Fasting fingerstick blood samples were collected daily during each diet period.

Results:

Fingerstick δ13C values changed from day 1 to 8 by –0.05 ± 0.071‰ on 5% AS, and +0.03 ± 0.083‰ on 25% AS ( p ≤ 0.001). Reliability was demonstrated between day 7 and 8 δ13C values on the 5% (ICC = 0.996 , p ≤ 0.001) and 25% (ICC = 0.997, p ≤ 0.001) AS diets.

Conclusions:

Larger scale investigations are warranted to determine if this technique could be applied to population-level research in order to help assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing the consumption of AS or SSB intake.
Predicting parkinsonism side-effects of antipsychotic polypharmacy prescribed in secondary mental healthcare
Authors: Kadra Giouliana , Spiros Athan , Shetty Hitesh , Iqbal Ehtesham , Hayes Richard D , Stewart Robert , Geerts Hugo
Published: September 2018

Background:

Computer-modelling approaches have the potential to predict the interactions between different antipsychotics and provide guidance for polypharmacy.

Aims:

To evaluate the accuracy of the quantitative systems pharmacology platform to predict parkinsonism side-effects in patients prescribed antipsychotic polypharmacy.

Methods:

Using anonymized data from South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust electronic health records we applied quantitative systems pharmacology, a neurophysiology-based computer model of humanized neuronal circuits, to predict the risk for parkinsonism symptoms in patients with schizophrenia prescribed two concomitant antipsychotics. The performance of the quantitative systems pharmacology model was compared with the performance of simple parameters such as: combination of affinity constants (1/Ksum); sum of D2R occupancies (D2R) and chlorpromazine equivalent dose.

Results:

We identified 832 patients with schizophrenia who were receiving two antipsychotics for six or more months, between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2014. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for the quantitative systems pharmacology model was 0.66 ( p = 0.01), while AUROCs for D2R, 1/Ksum and chlorpromazine equivalent dose were 0.52 ( p = 0.350), 0.53 ( p = 0.347) and 0.52 ( p = 0.330) respectively.

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that quantitative systems pharmacology has the potential to predict the risk of parkinsonism associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy from minimal source information, and thus might have potential decision-support applicability in clinical settings.
Radiation treatment monitoring with DCE-US in CWR22 prostate tumor xenografts
Authors: Arteaga-Marrero Natalia , Mainou-Gomez Jose F , Brekke Rygh Cecilie , Lutay Nataliya , Roehrich Dieter , Reed Rolf K , Olsen Dag R
Published: September 2018

Background

Longitudinal monitoring of potential radiotherapy treatment effects can be determined by dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US).

Purpose

To assess functional parameters by means of DCE-US in a murine subcutaneous model of human prostate cancer, and their relationship to dose deposition and time-frame after treatment. A special focus has been placed to evaluate the vascular heterogeneity of the tumor and on the most suitable data analysis approach that reflects this heterogeneity.

Material and Methods

In vivo DCE-US was acquired 24 h and 48 h after radiation treatment with a single dose of 7.5 Gy and 10 Gy, respectively. Tumor vasculature was characterized pixelwise using the Brix pharmacokinetic analysis of the time-intensity curves.

Results

Longitudinal changes were detected ( P < 0.001) at 24 h and 48 h after treatment. At 48 h, the eliminating rate constant of the contrast agent from the plasma, kel, was correlated ( P ≤ 0.05) positively with microvessel density (MVD; rτ = 0.7) and negatively with necrosis (rτ = –0.6) for the treated group. Furthermore, Akep, a parameter related to transcapillary transport properties, was also correlated to MVD (rτ = 0.6, P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

DCE-US has been shown to detect vascular changes at a very early stage after radiotherapy, which is a great advantage since DCE-US is non-invasive, available at most hospitals, and is low in cost compared to other techniques used in clinical practice.
Disenfranchised: Mapping red zones in Guatemala City
Authors: Lewis O'Neill Kevin
Published: September 2018

International fast food franchises, such as McDonald’s and Domino’s Pizza, have become vital arbiters of security in postwar Guatemala City. They map red zones with a moral authority that even the National Police cannot match. Red zones, or zonas rojas, are neighborhoods in Guatemala City deeply affected by gang- and drug-related violence. While the National Police map these zones by documenting the location of committed crimes, international fast food franchises produce delivery maps that assess the quality of transit through the city. International fast food franchises worry less about the relative security of a given address than about their drivers’ ability to travel safely from their restaurant to the customer’s address. This article, in response, assesses this mobility as a constituent dimension of security in Guatemala City while also detailing its effects. One effect is the affective fallout of being denied a home delivery and becoming what this article calls “disenfranchised.”
Are Small- and Medium-Sized Community Paratransit Riders Ready to Adopt Real-Time Information (RTI) Technology?
Authors: LaMondia Jeffrey J. , Gajkowski Travis , Ramirez Veronica
Published: September 2018

This research seeks to understand the factors affecting who, in small and medium-sized communities, would adopt real-time information (RTI) technology when using paratransit services. It further provides a planning performance measure that can identify areas which would benefit most from the introduction of such RTI technology. These goals are addressed by modeling paratransit riders’ likelihood of adopting RTI technology as well as forecasting communities’ likely adoption using on-board passenger survey data collected in two small- and medium-sized communities in Alabama and Georgia. Overall, the estimation parameters highlight that future generations of paratransit patrons who are familiar with general technology and use paratransit for non-routine trips would be most interested in and gain the most benefit from this RTI technology. The performance measure is also most effective in long-term transportation planning, applied to future older populations (currently 45–55 years old) who are more comfortable using technology. Transit agencies will be able to use this information to determine whether RTI would be appropriate for their communities as well as the populations that should be targeted for this introduction prior to undertaking a large study or infrastructure investment.
Comparison of Four Types of Artificial Neural Network and a Multinomial Logit Model for Travel Mode Choice Modeling
Authors: Lee Dongwoo , Derrible Sybil , Pereira Francisco Camara
Published: September 2018

Discrete choice modeling is a fundamental part of travel demand forecasting. To date, this field has been dominated by parametric approaches (e.g., logit models), but non-parametric approaches such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) possess much potential since choice problems can be assimilated to pattern recognition problems. In particular, ANN models are easily applicable with their higher capability to identify nonlinear relationships between inputs and designated outputs to predict choice behaviors. This article investigates the capability of four types of ANN model and compares their prediction performance with a conventional multinomial logit model (MNL) for mode choice problems. The four ANNs are: backpropagation neural networks (BPNNs), radial basis function networks (RBFNs), probabilistic neural networks (PNNs), and clustered probabilistic neural networks (CPNNs). To compare the modeling techniques, we present the algorithmic differences of each ANN technique, and we assess their prediction accuracy with a 10-fold cross-validation method. Furthermore, we assess the contribution of explanatory variables by conducting sensitivity analyses on significant variables. The results show that ANN models outperform MNL, with prediction accuracies around 80% compared with 70% for MNL. Moreover, PNN performs best out of all ANNs, especially to predict underrepresented modes.
Impact of Recycled Materials and Recycling Agents on Asphalt Binder Oxidative Aging Predictions
Authors: Pournoman Sara , Hajj Elie Y. , Morian Nathan , Martin Amy Epps
Published: September 2018

The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of selected recycling agents (RAs) and recycled materials on the development of cracking potential with respect to oxidative aging. Given the complex nature of varying base asphalt binders, recycled materials, whether recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS), or both, and the complexity of their combined interactions with recycling agents, standard evaluation protocols for binder grading and evaluation may be insufficient. The binder blend aging predictions or oxidation modeling evaluation was introduced as a means to evaluate the combined influence of both binder oxidation kinetics and resulting rheological changes on the measured cracking potential of the various binder blends—that is, Glover–Rowe (G-R) parameter—driven by temperature estimation modeling over simulated in-service durations at example geographic locations. This evaluation has demonstrated the importance of adequate characterization of the specific materials being used in conjunction with selection of the correct dose of the appropriate recycling agent to ensure sufficient resistance to cracking and embrittlement of proposed material combinations. The combined influence of all the interested components did not always add up to the sum of the individual parts, nor are the measured interactions consistent with increased levels of oxidation. Therefore, the prevailing conclusion of the study as a whole indicated that material-specific evaluations are needed to identify the complex interactions taking place within the material combinations of interest, but also multiple levels of aging at appropriate intervals may be necessary for comprehensive characterization.
Clinical and Structural Evaluations of Rotator Cuff Repair With and Without Added Platelet-Rich Plasma at 5-Year Follow-up: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Malavolta Eduardo Angeli , Gracitelli Mauro Emilio Conforto , Assunção Jorge Henrique , Ferreira Neto Arnaldo Amado , Bordalo-Rodrigues Marcelo , de Camargo Olavo Pires
Published: September 2018

Background:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been studied with the objective of reducing the retear rate and improving functional outcomes after rotator cuff repair. Only one study to date has reported its midterm effect.

Hypothesis:

PRP promotes better functional and structural results in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

All patients underwent arthroscopic single-row repair of small to medium supraspinatus tears. At the end of the surgical procedure, liquid PRP prepared by apheresis with autologous thrombin was applied in the tendon-to-bone interface in the PRP group. The outcomes were assessed by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Constant scales and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at 6, 12, 24, and 60 months after surgery and magnetic resonance imaging at 12 and 60 months.

Results:

Of 54 patients initially randomized, we analyzed the clinical outcomes in 51 (25 control, 26 PRP) and the structural outcomes in 44 (22 each group). At 60-month follow-up, the mean UCLA scores were 32.5 ± 3.8 and 32.1 ± 4.6 in the control and PRP groups, respectively ( P = .992). The mean Constant scores were 82.0 ± 9.5 in the control group and 82.1 ± 11.0 in the PRP group ( P = .699). The mean VAS scores were 1.4 ± 1.8 and 1.5 ± 2.1 in the control and PRP groups, respectively ( P = .910). None of the clinical assessments at 6, 12, and 24 months in either group produced statistically significant differences, and both groups showed significant improvements throughout the follow-up time in the 3 evaluations ( P < .001). The control group exhibited 1 full-thickness retear (Sugaya type IV) and 11 partial-thickness retears (Sugaya type III), while the PRP group had 7 partial-thickness retears (Sugaya type III). The overall number of retears did not differ between groups ( P = .203).

Conclusion:

PRP obtained by apheresis and applied in liquid form with the addition of thrombin at the end of single-row repair of supraspinatus tears did not promote better clinical or structural results at 60-month follow-up.

Registration:

NCT01029574 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)
The Specific Conditions of the Valorization of Capital in a Dependent Nation: The Case of Argentina (2002–2014)
Authors: López Emiliano , Barrera Insua Facundo
Published: September 2018

In this article, we examine the tendency toward stagnation in the Argentinean economy, as a dependent economy, in the context of a new development model that emerged in this country before the neoliberal crisis in 2001. The initial boom of accumulation in the period 2002–2007, after the devaluation of the peso, has been challenged for various tensions that emerged, in our perspective, for the dependent economic structure of Argentina in the years 2007 and 2008. These tensions were increased after the European economic crisis and China’s slowdown in 2012–2014, leading to the stop of the accumulation process and the start of economic transition to the different development model.

JEL Classification: P16; O11
The Simple View of Reading: Advancements and False Impressions
Authors: Catts Hugh W.
Published: September 2018

In this article, I highlight the impact that the simple view of reading (SVR) has had on the field of reading over the last 30 years. I argue that the SVR has led to many significant advancements in our understanding of reading comprehension. I also contend that it has contributed to some false impressions concerning comprehension that impact research and practice in important ways.
Simple and Not-So-Simple Views of Reading
Authors: Snow Catherine E.
Published: September 2018

Few hypotheses in the field of literacy have proven as robust as the Simple View of Reading (SVR). Two studies included in this special issue use large participant samples and sophisticated quantitative analyses to confirm the basic claim of the SVR, that decoding and listening comprehension together predict reading comprehension. One also demonstrates a developmental shift from decoding to language as the primary predictor after about Grade 3. A third paper challenges the adequacy of the SVR for older readers, offering evidence that the nature of the text being read also must be taken into account in predicting comprehension outcomes. All three studies, though, use rather simple comprehension outcomes. I argue that reader skills in academic language, in perspective taking, and in argumentation are additional important predictors of comprehension when readers are confronted with 21st century literacy tasks, which require analysis, synthesis, and critique, not just literal inferences and summaries.
Extending the Simple View of Reading to Account for Variation Within Readers and Across Texts: The Complete View of Reading (CVRi)
Authors: Francis David J. , Kulesz Paulina A. , Benoit Julia S.
Published: September 2018

This study leverages advances in multivariate cross-classified random effects models to extend the Simple View of Reading to account for variation within readers and across texts, allowing for both the personalization of the reading function and the integration of the component skills and text and discourse frameworks for reading research. We illustrate the Complete View of Reading (CVR i) using data from an intensive longitudinal design study with a large sample of typical ( N = 648) and struggling readers ( N = 865) in middle school and using oral reading fluency as a proxy for comprehension. To illustrate the utility of the CVR i, we present a model with cross-classified random intercepts for students and passages and random slopes for growth, Lexile difficulty, and expository text type at the student level. We highlight differences between typical and struggling readers and differences across students in different grades. The model illustrates that readers develop differently and approach the reading task differently, showing differential impact of text features on their fluency. To be complete, a model of reading must be able to reflect this heterogeneity at the person and passage level, and the CVR i is a step in that direction. Implications for reading interventions and 21st century reading research in the era of “Big Data” and interest in phenotypic characterization are discussed.
The Simple View of Reading: Three Assessments of Its Adequacy
Authors: Hoover Wesley A. , Tunmer William E.
Published: September 2018

In this article, we provide some comments on the simple view of reading (SVR), now some 30 years after its initial proposal and empirical work (Gough & Tunmer, 1986; Hoover & Gough, 1990). We begin with an overview of what the SVR is as a conceptual model, as well as what it is not. We follow this with comments, in turn, on three papers presented in this special issue that assessed the adequacy of the SVR. We close with thoughts on the main points across the three papers reviewed. Throughout, we not only comment on the research about the simple view but also on its educational implications.