bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Glutathione S-Transferase P1 (GSTP1) Gene Polymorphism with the Response to Platinum Based Chemotherapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Abd El-Mageed Abeer Ibrahim , Mohamed Noha Refaat , Yousry Walaa Ahmed , Nagy Ahmed Aly , Makar Martina Nabil Georges
Published: August 2023

Background

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and despite therapeutic advances, mortality remains high. Platinum based chemotherapy remains the mainstay of adjuvant or first line chemotherapy in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment, pathophysiological features along with genetic background significantly influence therapeutic efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy. GSTP1 gene is a member of the cytosolic superfamily of glutathione-S-transferases, which is responsible for phase II detoxification enzymes that convert various reactive metabolites to more water-soluble and less harmful forms by conjugating them with glutathione. The genetic polymorphism GSTP1 rs1695 is associated with decreased substrate specific catalytic activity and the reduced enzyme activity which may reduces platinum detoxification, thus promoting better response rates to platinum-based chemotherapy.

Aim of the Work

In the present study was aimed to investigate the association of GSTP1 gene polymorphism with the response to platinum based chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC in order to prevent the non necessary exposure to the toxic effect of chemotherapy.

Patients and Methods

The study was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted on 50 NSCLC patients who were recruited from the Oncology clinic in Ain Shams University Hospitals, twenty of them were responders to platinum based chemotherapy and the other 30 were not responders according to RECIST criteria. All subjects underwent full medical history focusing on tobacco smoking and family history of cancers, thorough clinical examination, histological diagnosis of NSCLC and TNM classification, radiological studies: computed tomography of chest and abdomen and laboratory investigations in the form of: complete blood picture (CBC), liver function tests and kidney function tests. Detection of the GSTP1 rs1695 (A/G) polymorphism by real-time PCR was done for both the responders and the non responders group.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between the responders’ and non responders’ groups regarding the genotypic distribution (p > 0.05). However, the G allele was significantly higher in the responders’ group compared to the non responders’ group with p value < 0.05.

Conclusion

The present study did not confirm the presence of significant association between the genotypic frequencies of the GSTP1 rs 1695 among the responders and the non responders group, but despite that it showed that the A allele was significantly higher in the non responders’ group compared to the responders’ group. However, the G allele was significantly higher in the responders’ group compared to the non responders’ group. Further studies with higher sample size are needed to clarify the association.
Association of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5 (LRP5) 4037C>T Polymorphism with Nephropathy in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Al Hala Abdel , Shaaban Rasha ElAdawy , Awad Doaa Mostafa , El-deen Ibrahim Norhan Hossam
Published: August 2023

Background

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a heterogeneous and multifactorial endocrinal chronic disease. Genetic predisposition has a major impact on disease susceptibility. Microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy develops in T1DM in untreated cases.

Aim of the Study

the study investigated the association between low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) polymorphism 4037C>T and type 1 diabetes mellitus and the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Patients and Methods

This study included 40 T1DM pediatric patients and 20 age and sex matched healthy controls. All participants of the study were subjected to full history taking, clinical assessment, laboratory investigations and LRP5 gene (rs3736228) polymorphism assay by real time PCR.

Results

The present study showed no statistically significant difference between T1DM patients and their matched healthy subjects as regards LRP5 rs3736228 gene polymorphism. No statistically significant association was observed between LRP5 gene polymorphism and the development of diabetic nephropathy. Patients with CT genotype had a statistically significant association with obesity and hypercholesterolemia.

Conclusion

No association was found between LRP5 gene polymorphism rs3736228 and type 1 diabetes mellitus as well as the development of diabetic nephropathy among the studied pediatric population.
Identification of TIM-3 Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical and Laboratory Correlation
Authors: Wahba Mona Ahmed Hassan , Safwat Nesma Ahmed , EL-Sayed Shaymaa Ahmed
Published: August 2023

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive highly heterogenous hematological malignancy associated with poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Both cancer cells and immune cells participate in tumor initiation, growth and progression and might affect clinical outcomes. Indeed, leukemic cells exploit a variety of mechanisms to evade immune response, leading to disease progression and relapse. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), an immune checkpoint molecule, is expressed not only on immune cells but also on leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in AML. Studies relating to TIM-3 function in AML are limited, and the role of TIM3 in maintaining leukemic stem cells and contributing to the suppression of the anti-tumor immune response is still poorly understood.

Aim of the Work

To investigate TIM-3 expression in patients with AML and explore the impact of its expression on the clinico-laboratory characteristics and prognostic behavior of denovo-AML patients.

Methods

A total of 45 patients newly diagnosed AML patients were tested for TIM-3 expression by flowcytometry at diagnosis.

Results

TIM-3 was found to be over expressed in patients with AML with significant association with the different FAB subtypes (p = 0.010). TIM-3 positivity was negatively correlated with CD34 expression (p = 0.019.). However, no significant association between TIM-3 expression and extramedullary disease (EMD) as well as cytogenetic risk groups.

Conclusion

TIM-3 is overexpressed in AML patients. The prognostic value of TIM3 in AML is not clear and remains to be further explored.
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Plasma Lactate Level in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Neonatal Bacteremia
Authors: EL-Ashry Marwa Abd EL-Rasoul , Fahim Noha Alaa El-Din Mohammed , Saleh Ghada Ahmed , Hosny Yara Raafat
Published: August 2023

Background

Neonatal sepsis is a life-threatening clinical condition. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality if not treated properly. Blood culture remains the gold standard method diagnosis of sepsis, but it takes at least 24 hours for presumptive diagnosis. Owing to the fact that neonates are vulnerable and can deteriorate easily, rapid diagnosis and management is a must.

Aim of the Work

Determination of the role of mean platelet volume (MPV) and Blood Lactic acid (BLA) level in the diagnosis and prognosis of neonatal bacteremia.

Materials and Methods

Study included 108 clinically septic neonates aged 0-28 days, admitted to NICU in Ain Shams University Hospitals. All neonates were subjected to blood culture as gold standard method, complete blood picture (for MPV evaluation), CRP, and BLA, then they were equally divided into two groups bacteremic group, and non-bacteremic group.

Results

The current study showed that there was a significant difference between bacteremic and nonbacteremic group as regards MPV, CRP, and BLA with higher mean and median values among bacteremic group with P value 0.001, 0.003, and 0.021 respectively. High BLA level was found to be highly significant in non-survived neonates when compared to the survived ones with P value 0.001.

Conclusion

MPV and BLA tests are simple, rapid, and inexpensive methods to diagnose neonatal bacteremia. The available evidence confirms significantly higher MPV, and BLA in neonates with bacteremia compared to neonates with non-bacteremia causes of sepsis. Therefore, in clinical practice, MPV and BLA could be used as indicators for the early diagnosis of sepsis, while blood lactic acid could be used additionally as a predictor of mortality.
Evaluation of Daylight Methylene Blue Photodynamic Therapy in Multiple Recurrent Molluscum Contagiosum
Authors: Beshay Abanoub Samy Abdallah , El Kahky Hanan , Mohammad Ghada Fathy
Published: August 2023

Background

Molluscum contagiosum is a common viral infection caused by DNA Poxvirus. Daylight-photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) is defined as a photochemical reaction used to selectively destroy tissue.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of daylight methylene blue photodynamic therapy in treatment of multiple recurrent molluscum contagiosum.

Subject and methods

This is a single blinded controlled prospective interventional clinical study including 20 patients with molluscum contagiosum diagnosed clinically and by dermoscopy. Patients subjected to daylight methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy. Topical MB liposomal loaded 10% cream was applied over the lesions area with occlusion and left for 15 minutes. Two leisons were left as control in each studied patient. Patients were instructed to stay outdoors exposing their lesions and the adjacent area to daylight continuously for at least 90 minutes (if it was a sunny day) or 120 minutes (if it was an overcast or partially sunny day) between 11:00 am to 02:00 pm. Treatment sessions were done weekly for 10 weeks or till complete clearance. Follow up of the patients for 6 months after end of study to detect recurrence or appearance of new lesions.

Results

Daylight MB Mediated PDT response in a total of 20 (100%) studied patients showed Excellent response to treatment shown as complete clearance in 65%( no.=13) of patients, very good response to treatment in 15.0%( no.=3), good response to treatment in 10.0%( no.=2) and poor response to treatment in 10.0%( no.=2). The total number of lesions was 313. Response of the lesions in studied patents to MB-PDT was monitored by dermoscopic follow up of lesions. Lesions showed complete response in 66.5% (no. = 208) of lesions, partial response in 25.2% (no. = 79) of lesions and no response in 8.3% (no. = 26) of lesions. No serious side effects and also MB-DL/PDT is a painless treatment. No relapse was detected at the site of cleared MC or at a near site during the follow-up period of 6 months following the procedure.

Conclusion

Daylight-PDT using MB is effective in clearing MC lesions, also is safe, easy to carry out, economic, acceptable cosmetic results with no recurrence, convenient especially for children as it is a painless treatment.
Value of MRI in the Evaluation of Azoospermia
Authors: Salam Mohamed Abdelnaeem , Nahas Khaled Ahmed El , Sayed Sheha Aliaa , Alwakeel Abdelrahman Ahmed Abdelaziz
Published: August 2023

Background

Azoospermia is defined as the absence of spermatozoa in the ejaculate and is present in about 10%–20% of infertile men. It is classified as obstructive azoospermia (OA) or nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). OA is caused by obstruction of sperm delivery route at any level (rete testis, efferent ducts, epididymis, vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct). NOA is caused by testicular failure to produce sperm due to various factors.

Aim of the Study

In the current study we aimed to show the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of infertile men and its ability to distinguish obstructive from nonobstructive azoospermia.

Patients and Methods

We included 20 azoospermic men (8 with OA & 10 with NOA), diagnosed after at least two semen analyses & confirmed by testicular biopsy, MRI was done to each patient with same protocol with measurement of both volume & ADC value for every testis.

Results

Our study revealed that Patients with NOA usually have atrophic testicles with high ADC values, whereas patients with OA have testicles of normal size with low ADC values based on testicular volume & ADC values, using a cutoff of ≥ 13.17 ml & ≤1.05 ×10-3 mm2/s respectively, we were able to make a diagnosis of OA with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 83%. Also we find that abnormalities typical for the obstruction of the seminal tract (e.g., prostatic cysts, the absence of vas deferens, dilatation of ejaculatory ducts or vasa deferentia) are found in patients with OA which may be amenable to surgical correction.

Conclusion

On the basis of our preliminary data, TV and ADC might represent useful MRI parameters in the workup of patients with NOA by helping to predict the presence of spermatozoa after mTESE.
Ablative Fractional CO2 Laser with or without Low Dose Isotretinoin in Treatment of Acne Scars: A Comparative Study
Authors: Abdallah Mahmoud Abdelrahim , El-khateeb Ekramy Ahmed , Abdel-Fattah Alaa Ahmed
Published: August 2023

Background

Acne scarring is one of the most common sequelae of acne vulgaris. The severity of acne scars correlates with acne duration, severity and delay in treatment of acne as well as positive family history. Patients who have acne scars frequently seek treatment options to improve appearance and quality of life.

Aim of the Study

The aim of this study was to assess the safety of combining low-dose isotretinoin with ablative fractional CO2 laser in patients with acne scars.

Patients and Methods

This study included 40 patients with different types of acne scars. There were 27 females and 13 males. The patients have divided into two groups; Group A received low-dose isotretinoin with full face AF Co2 laser session, while Group B was treated with full face AF Co2 laser session. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 45 years old, with the mean age was 27.2± 6.9 yrs in group A and was 27.5± 6.06 yrs in group B.

Results

Duration of wound healing, PIH and pain were parallel in both groups with no significant difference between them. No other complications were reported as keloid formation, secondary infection, edema, milia or acneform eruption in study groups. Satisfactory results were reported in most of the patients.

Conclusion

Our study concluded that using low-dose isotretinoin with AF Co2 laser session safe procedure with normal wound healing and no keloid or hypertrophic scars formation.
Comparative Study of Topical Latanoprost, Tacrolimus and Clobetasol Propionate in Combination with Microneedling and Narrow-Band Ultraviolet B in the Treatment of Non-Segmental Vitiligo
Authors: Kamel Mostafa Mokhtar , Afify Ahmed Abd Elfattah , Shareef Ashraf Mohamed
Published: August 2023

Background

Vitiligo is a common skin disease in both sex. There are multiple options in the treatment of vitiligo but the response is unsatisfactory. In this comparative study we will study the effect of topical latanoprost, tacrolimus, clobetasol propionate in combination with microneedling and narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) in the treatment of non-segmental vitiligo.

Objective

To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of topical latanoprost, tacrolimus, clobetasol propionate when combined with microneedling and NB-UVB in the treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo lesions.

Patients and Methods

This randomized self-controlled clinical trial included 30 vitiligo patients with at least 5 patches of stable vitiligo (150 patches), the patches were divided into five groups according to the treatment modality. The patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of dermatology of Ain Shams University Hospital in the period from July 2019 to September 2020.

Results

Regarding safety of considered therapies, pain and erythema was reported with Microneedling + latanoprost and NB-UVB and Microneedling + topical tacrolimus and NB-UVB. Itching was associated with Microneedling + topical clobetasol propionate and NB-UVB while burning and dryness were associated with NB-UVB therapy.

Conclusion

Combination therapy in treatment of vitiligo showed higher efficiency compared to monotherapy. Microneedling + latanoprost and NB-UVB treatment combined therapy showed the maximal repigmentation in included patients followed by Microneedling + tacolimus and NB-UVB treatment. Monotherapy using NB-UVB showed minimal response when compared to other combination modalities.
Study of Effect of NB-UVB on Serum and Tissue Levels of CXCL9 in Vitiligenous Patients
Authors: Abdallah Marwa , Ibrahim Samah , Mahmoud Ebtihal Hassan
Published: August 2023

Background

CXCL 9 is a chemokine of Th1 which plays a significant role in the development of vitiligo. NB-UVB is an effective modality for treatment of vitiligo.

Objective

To finding whether NB-UVB can affect serum and tissue CXCL9 level or not.

Patients and Methods

The present study included 20 patients suffering from non-segmental vitiligo and 20 age- and sex- matched healthy controls, their age ranged from 18 to 65 years old, they were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Dermatology and Andrology Department in Ain Shams University Hospital during the period from May 2019 till December 2019.

Results

We evaluated disease severity by assessment of body surface area (BSA) of vitiligo disease in patients with calculation of VES score before NB-UVB and to evaluate patient improvement after treatment with NB-UVB we recalculated VES score after NB-UVB and calculated VES plus score. There was significant decrease in the surface area of the disease after treatment with NB-UVB than before.

Conclusion

The present study provides clinical data to support the role of CXCL9 in vitiligo particularly during the activity of the disease. Also our findings draw our attention to CXCL9 not only as a marker of disease activity, but also potentially as a marker of treatment response. So, targeting the IFN-γ-chemokine axis might be an effective treatment strategy.
Evaluation of Micro-Needling Followed by Tranexamic Acid Cream versus Micro-Needling Followed by Tranexamic Acid Solution in Treatment of Melasma: A Comparative Split Face Study
Authors: Aboshady Ibrahim Mohamed Ibrahim , Abdallah Tarek Nabil , Husseiny Rania Mahmoud El , Fattah Nermeen Samy Abdel
Published: August 2023

Background

Melasma is a common pigmentary disorder clinically characterized by symmetric light brown to bluish-gray macules and patches with irregular, sharp borders that affect cutaneous areas, particularly the face and neck. It is commonly identified in women of reproductive ages and more commonly described in darker-skinned patients with Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI residing in high-intensity ultraviolet radiation worldwide. It causes significant cosmetic disfigurement, psychosocial stress, and embarrassment, affecting patients’ quality of life.

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of microneedling followed by tranexamic acid (TXA) cream application versus microneedling followed by tranexamic acid solution in the treatment of facial melasma.

Patients and Methods

This prospective split-face comparative study included thirty female patients with different types of melasma, their ages ranged from 25 to 40 years. They were recruited from the Dermatology outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Hospitals. All patients have been treated with TXA for 3 sessions; one session every month (the right side of the face was treated by microneedling followed by TXA 5 % cream while the left side of the face was treated by microneedling followed by TXA solution 5%). Additionally, the right side of the face was treated with TXA 5% cream, and the left side applied with placebo cream twice daily for 3 months. Assessment was done by Hemi Melasma Area and Severity Index score (Hemi -MASI), patients’ satisfaction score, clinical digital photography, dermoscopic examination and area percentage of melanin concentration assessed by histopathological examination.

Results

Our findings showed significant improvement in different types of melasma regarding Hemi MASI score, patients’ satisfaction score, and area percentage of melanin concentration assessed by histopathological examination by Fontana-Masson stain (FM) one month after 3rd treatment session in both sides of the face. However, a minor melasma recurrence was observed two months after 3rd treatment session on both sides of the face. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed in the treatment response of microneedling followed by TXA cream versus microneedling followed by TXA solution one month after 1st and 2nd sessions regarding Hemi MASI score, while a significant difference was observed one month after the 3rd session.

Conclusion

Topical TXA appears to be a promising therapeutic option in the treatment of melasma without serious adverse effects. Topical TXA cream, which was applied twice daily by the patient combined with microneedling sessions with TXA cream, has better results in comparison with microneedling sessions with TXA solution with placebo cream.
The Association of CAG Polymorphism in the Androgen Receptor Gene with Nodulocystic Acne in Egyptians
Authors: Essa Mo'mena Nagy , Ragab Nader Fouad , Fakkar Nehal Mohamed Zuel , Shehab Abeer Alsayed Ali
Published: August 2023

Acne vulgaris is a pilosebaceous inflammatory condition with several etiologies. Hormones have a crucial role in the development of acne. Hypersensitivity of the androgen receptor gene (ARG), which is the sole receptor for androgens, was reported to share in the pathogenesis of acne. At the 5'end of exon 1 of chromosome X, ARG has a polymorphism of CAG triple loop that codes for the polyglutamine pathway.

Aim of the Study

The aim of this study was to investigate CAG repeat polymorphism in the ARG in Egyptian nodulocystic acne patients to clarify its relevance to the pathogenesis of nodulocystic acne.

Patients and Methods

Twenty-five patients with severe and very severe nodulocystic acne and 25 apparently healthy control subjects were included in the current study. Full general, dermatological assessment and acne severity determination were performed through GAGS score before genetic analysis to determine CAG repeat number in included participants.

Results

Genetic analysis of CAG repeats number revealed that male and female acne patients had significantly lower number of CAG repeats compared to control subjects. Moreover, after gender correction, acne patients still had significantly lower number of CAG repeats compared to control subjects.

Conclusion

the current study revealed that acne patients had significantly lower number of CAG repeats compared to controls.
Assessment of the Serum Ischemia Modified Albumin Level and Its Relation to Total Oxidant Status and Disease Activity in Vitiligo Patients
Authors: Elzainy Nada Ahmed Abdo , Saleh Hanan Mohammed , Soltan Marwa Yassin
Published: August 2023

Background

Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary skin disorder characterized by loss of functioning epidermal melanocytes. Oxidative stress has been suggested to be the initial pathogenic event in melanocyte degeneration. Total oxidant status (TOS) had been reflect the global status of oxidative stress in serum. While, albumin acts as a buffering agent for toxic molecules within the circulation. It undergoes structural changes when exposed to ischemia or oxidative stress and ischemia modified albumin IMA are produced under these conditions with high levels. Hence it considered as a marker of oxidative stress in different clinical conditions.

Aim of the Work

The aim of this work was to evaluate the serum level of ischemia modified albumin in vitiligo patients and its relation to total oxidant status and disease activity.

Patients and Methods

This is a cross sectional study. Forty-eight patients with vitiligo were included in this study. Twenty-four were considered active cases while the other 24 were non-active vitiligo patients. The study also included 48 age-and sex-matched healthy adults as a control group. Five ml of venous blood were withdrawn from each patient and control subjects. The vitiligo activity and tensity were assessed by VIDA and VETI scores respectively. Serum IMA and TOS had been assist by ELISA kits.

Results

Our study found a significant increase in serum total oxidant status (TOS) and serum ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in vitiligo patients compared to controls. We also found a positive correlation between TOS levels and IMA levels and vitiligo disease activity represented by VIDA score.

Conclusion

The total oxidant status (TOS) and IMA levels were increased in vitiligo patients' sera and positively correlated to disease activity. To the best of our knowledge, we were the first to detect the significantly positive correlation between serum IMA and vitiligo disease activity.
Assessment of Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 as a Risk Factor for the Occurrence of Cardiometabolic Disorders among Psoriatic Patients
Authors: Shaheen Maha Adel , Afify Ahmed Abd Elfattah , Ahmed Walid Abdelhady , Salama Noora Nasser Mohamed
Published: August 2023

Background

Fibroblast growth factors 21 is a new marker of cardiometabolic disorders which are common comorbidities in psoriasis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 could be useful in predicting the risk of cardiometabolic disorders in psoriatic patients as well as assessment of the impact of phototherapy on serum level of FGF-21 will be done.

Aim of the Work

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the serum level of FGF-21 in psoriatic patients versus healthy controls and to correlate it with the disease severity (PASI Score), BMI, metabolic parameters and phototherapy.

Patients and Methods

Assays to measure the level of FGF-21 in serum of 30 Psoriatic patients and 30 healthy adults matched to age, sex and BMI and compare the FGF-21 level between the two groups and after 3 months of treatment the psoriatic patients with NB-UVB sessions. Laboratory investigations including CRP, FBG, Total Cholesterol and serum triglycerides.

Results

Significantly higher serum levels of FGF-21 in Psoriatic patients compared to the controls. Statistically significant positive correlation between FGF-21 level and severity indices (p < 0.001) denoting its role as severity marker. Statistically positive correlation with CRP (p < 0.001) denoting its role as an activity marker.

Conclusion

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 has been described as Psoriatic severity and activity biomarker with prognostic and therapy monitoring applications.
A Comparative Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Using Azathioprine Alone, Combining It with Narrow Band (UVB) and to Oral Minipulse Steroids Plus NB-UVB in Stabilizing Active Non-Segmental Vitiligo
Authors: El-Hafez Nourhan Alaa Eldin Abd , El-husseiny Rania Mahmoud , Abdallah Marwa Mohamed Abd El-Raheem
Published: August 2023

Background

Vitiligo is an acquired, non-contagious, pigmentary disease resulting from the loss of melanocytes from skin, hair and mucous membranes. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is still not fully understood and mounting evidences have suggested that it might be related to autoimmunity and oxidative stress.

Aim of the Work

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of AZA in stabilizing disease progression of active vitiligo, compare it with its combined therapy with NB-UVB and with OMP steroids combined with NB-UVB.

Patients and Methods

This study included Forty five patients complaining of active non-segmental vitiligo divided into three groups: Group (A): 15 patients received narrow band therapy with oral mini-pulse steroid therapy (dexamethasone) as a single dose on two consecutive days repeated every week for 3 months, Group (B): 15 patients received narrow band therapy (same regimen as in group A) combined with oral azathioprine 50 mg twice daily for 3 months, and group (C): 15 patients received oral azathioprine alone for 3 months.

Results

Evaluation of treatment response was done at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment by assessing the onset of stoppage of disease activity as well as the onset of repigmentation and its extent using VES, VES plus and VIDA scores. Encountered side effects were also documented.

Conclusion

Both oral minipulse steroid therapy and azathioprine are effective in stopping the activity of vitiligo, either as monotherapy or better combininig with NBUVB, though azathioprine being inferior to OMP steroid therapy in arresting disease progression and inducing re-pigmentation. Thus, it can be used as a good alternative when there is contraindication to use systemic steroids.
Evaluation of Allograft Injection (Heterologous Verruca Vulgaris Lesion Extract) in the Treatment of Verruca Vulgaris
Authors: Rasheed Ahmad , Zaki Marwa SalahEldin , Zaky Nourhan Medhat Nabil
Published: August 2023

Background

Warts are a common viral infection in different age groups with more than 200 types. Its pathogen is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes cutaneous and mucosal warts

Aim of the Work

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of local allograft injection (heterologous VV lesion extract) as a treatment of verruca vulgaris.

Patients and Methods

This study included 30 patients with VV recruited from Ain Shams University hospital outpatient dermatology clinic in the period from November 2018 till November 2019. They were 16 females and 14 males divided into 2 groups where 15 patients; got the treatment heterologous VV lesion extract repeated every 2 weeks till resolution or reaching maximum of 4 injections. The other 15 patients (controls) received saline injection. Follow up was performed with digital photography.

Results

After 4 sessions of intralesional injection and through 6 months follow-up, 11 patients out of the 15 cases group underwent complete resolution of all warts, while 2 patients had mild improvement, the last 2 patients had no improvement at all. while in controls group only one patient had a spontaneous resolution, one with mild improvement, and the rest 13 subjects with no improvement at all. Some of the patients suffered side effects during treatment course, where 3 patients (20% of cases group) suffered mild erythema, 1 patient (6.7% of total cases) suffered erythema and tenderness, 2 patients (13.3% of total cases) had minor ulcers. And 9 patients (60% of total cases) had no side effects. No recurrence in cases with complete resolution occurred in 6 months follow-up to the patients.

Conclusion

Heterologous verruca vulgaris extract when used as a line of immunotherapy treatment in multiple verruca lesions, shows promising results in both outcome of the treatment with total complete resolution 73.3% with no recurrence in cases in a 6-months follow-up.
Intralesional Methotrexate for Treatment of Alopecia Areata: Clinical Evaluation and Effect on Lesional TNF Alpha
Authors: Farag Rodaina Mohamed , Salem Samar Abdallah , Afify Ahmed Abdelfattah , Ahmed Walid Abd Elhady
Published: August 2023

Background

Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by T-cell infiltrates and cytokine production including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Methotrexate causes T cell apoptosis and adenosine release that involves inhibition of TNF-α that could be the mechanism of action in AA.

Aim of the Work

To assess the efficacy of intralesional methotrexate in the treatment of alopecia areata and study its effect on TNF alpha tissue levels compared to before.

Patients and Methods

30 patients were injected by intralesional methotrexate every two weeks for 3 months and a scalp biopsy was taken before and after treatment to measure lesional TNF-α.

Results

There was significant hair regrowth after methotrexate treatment with significant decrease in lesional TNF-α.

Conclusion

Intralesional methotrexate is an effective treatment for alopecia areata with mechanism of action involving decrease of TNF-α.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Polydioxanone Threads versus Autologous Plasma Gel for Infraorbital Rejuvenation
Authors: Zayed Wassan Mohammed Jwad , Hassen Samah Ibrahim , Diab Heba Mahmoud El-Sayed
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Infraorbital dark circles refers to presence of darkness of the infraorbital region. Infraorbital dark circles possess no medical harm but signifies cosmetic and psychological burden. Various therapeutic modalities are prescribed for management of infraorbital dark circles without conclusive results.

Aim of the Work

compare between the efficacy and safety of PDO monothreads versus autologous plasma gel injections for infraorbital rejuvenation.

Patients and Methods

40 patients with infraorbital dark circles were included. Patients under went plasma gel injections on the left eye, PDO threads treatment on right eye. All patients were assessed using 3D Antera camera before and after 1 month and 6 months of treatment.

Results

Both treatment modalities revealed marked cosmetic improvement. Both treatments showed marked response yet results on left eye were superior as regards wrinkle's size, indentation index, texture roughness and average melanin concentration. PDO thread insertion possessed marked significant improvement to wrinkle's size followed by indentation index then texture roughness and average melanin concentration. Plasma gel injection possessed marked significant improvement to wrinkle's depth followed by wrinkle's size then indentation index and finally texture roughness and average melanin concentration.

Conclusion

Both PDO thread insertion and plasma gel injection exerts beneficial effects in improving periorbital wrinkles and hyperpigmentation. However, plasma gel revealed more potent effects compared to PDO threads.
Sensory Integration Therapy as a Management of Sensory Deficits in Autistic Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Abdul-Majeed Heba Mamdouh , Khodeir Mona Sameeh , El-Din Hafez Nirvana Gamal
Published: August 2023

Background

Sensory integration therapy (SIT) has been used for the management of sensory processing deficits associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This work presents an overview of these sensory processing deficits and the SIT. This study aims to provide an evidencebased practice regarding the effectiveness of the SIT in the management of such sensory processing disorders in children with ASD.

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of the SIT as a therapy for the sensory processing symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorders in children. This will be made by conducting a systematic review of the literature in this topic area.

Material and Method

Search for any RCTs or retrospective studies that were in English language only. Study participants were not less than 5 children 3-12 yrs aged diagnosed with ASD. The intervention was validated by Ayres Sensory Integration® Fidelity Measure© (ASIFM) to ensure treatment integrity and effectiveness was measured by outcome measures such as SPM or SP.

Data Sources

PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ScienceDirect, and all materials available on the Internet till 2020.

Data Extraction

If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained, eligibility criteria specified, appropriate controls, and adequate information, and defined assessment measures.

Conclusion

The current systematic review has not concluded that SIT may have a positive effect on improving sensory processing defects that are found in children with ASD. We suggest that more literature review would be effective in giving attention to the limitations of this study.
Efficacy of Eustachian Tube Function Tests in Predicting Myringoplasty Success Rate
Authors: Sabra Reda M , El Begermy Marwa M , Salah Mona Sedki , Aty Ahmed M Abdel
Published: August 2023

Background

Tympanoplasty is a commonly performed surgical procedure to close perforations of the tympanic membrane. The results of tympanic membrane based on multiple factors as the eustachian tube dysfunction.

Aim of the Work

to assess the efficacy of the eustachian tube function test in predicting myringoplasty success rate and compare the efficacy of different tests in prediction of myringoplasty outcome.

Material and Methods

An electronic search via PubMed, Cochrane library, google scholar and web of science (WOS) until janurary2021.We included articles published in English language and conducts adult cases only. We excluded studies based on expert opinion and laboratory studies. Outcomes of interest were success rate of tympanoplasty according to eustachian tube function test and the efficacy of the different tests of eustachian tube function. Analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta Analysis© version 3 (Biostat© Englewood, NJ) and the jamovi project (2021); jamovi (Version 1.6.23.0) [Computer Software] for the efficacy of the eustachian tube function tests in predicting tympanoplasty success rate and using Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer program]. Version 5.4. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020, and MetaDTA: Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta-Analysis v2.01, 2021 for detecting and comparing the accuracy of different eustachian tube function tests.

Results

Regarding tympanoplasty success rate meta-analysis of the revelent 14 studies shows that preoperative normal Eustachian tube function is associated with significantly higher probability of successful graft taking (Log odds ratio = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.10 to 2.46).Regarding to the different accuracy of eustachian tube function test meta-analysis of the revelent 14 studies shows that accuracy of the tests are ranked as follows: methylene blue (most accurate), saccharine, impedance audiometry, tubomanometry and sonotubometry (least accurate). Further studies are needed to validate our findings.

Conclusions

Our pooled estimate suggest a good benefits of preoperative eustachian tube function test and tympanoplasty success rate. According to efficacy of different test of tympanoplasty our pooled estimate that methylene blue test is the most accurate test while the sonotubometry test is the least accurate test.However, our evidence have several limitations and there is controversy among these studies. We suggest further studies are needed to validate our findings to detect the most accurate test of eustachian tube function.
Study of Effectiveness of Prophylactic Treatment for Vestibular Migraine Patients
Authors: Al Maksoud Nassar Adel Abdel , Emara Tamer Hussein , Galal Eman Mohammed , Ahmed Shaimaa Salah Abdel Hamid
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To evaluate effectiveness of prophylactic drugs in treatment of VM patients. Second to compare between each drug for its efficacy for treatment of VM patients

Subjects and Methods

Forty-five subjects divided into 3 groups were included in the present study. Group A, 15 subjects received Cinnarzine with mean age of 37.7 years. Group B, 15 subjects received Inderal with mean age of 38.3 years. Group C, 15 subjects received Topamax with mean age of 39 years diagnosed with vestibular migraine. They were subjected to a Dizziness Handicap Inventory questionnaire (DHI), visual analogue scale (VAS), neurological examination, vestibular office tests, videonystagmography (VNG) and sensory organization test (SOT) of computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) before and after receiving treatment according to grouping.

Results

3 months after treatment, the mean number of total vertiginous attacks decreased from (14.5 ±9.2) to (7.3 ± 7.8), from (11.5 ±6.6) to (5.2 ± 4.1) and (13.1 ±8.6) to (4.1 ± 3) in Cinnarzine, Propranolol (Inderal) and topiramate (Topamax) groups respectively. DHI scores decreased from (50 ± 12.7) to (34.7± 12.5), (49.7 ± 11.2) to (32.4± 15.6) and (52.7 ±11.2) to (28.3 ± 9.2) in Propranolol (Inderal) and topiramate (Topamax) groups respectively.

Conclusions

This study provided that all three drugs are effective for ameliorating vertiginous attacks in VM patients; also, the treatment effects were similar in three groups with no significant difference.
Comparison of Postoperative Secondary Haemorrhage Rates and Pain Threshold between Conventional Cold Dissection, Bipolar, Monopolar Electrocautery and Laser Tonsillectomy, Meta Analysis Study
Authors: EL-Samny Talaat , Youssef Tamer Ali , Askoura Anas , Mohammed Taher M M
Published: August 2023

Background

Tonsil surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in otorhinolaryngology. The earliest known removal of tonsils was performed by Celsius in the first century A.D.

Aim of the Work

To compare the postoperative secondary haemorrhage rates and pain threshold between conventional cold dissection, bipolar, monopolar electrocautery and laser tonsillectomy.

Patients and Methods

This review was done using standard methodology outlined in the Cochrane Handbook and reported the findings in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. An initial search will be carried out using the PubMed, Cochrane library Ovid, Scopus & Google scholar using the following keywords: Dissection, Diathermy, Laser electrocautery, Tonsillectomy.

Results

Highly significant decrease in mean 7-day post-operative pain score, in conventional dissection group compared to diathermy group (p < 0.01). Significant decrease in mean 7-day post-operative pain score, in conventional dissection group compared to laser electrocautery group (p = 0.024). Nonsignificant difference in mean 7-day post-operative pain score, in diathermy group compared to laser electrocautery group (p > 0.05). Non-significant difference in revision or re-operation rate, in conventional dissection group compared to diathermy group (p > 0.05). Non-significant difference in secondary haemorrhage rate, in conventional dissection group compared to diathermy group (p > 0.05). Non-significant difference in secondary haemorrhage rate, in conventional dissection group compared to laser electrocautery group (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the present study, all the methods used in the study are safe but there was significant decrease in mean 7-day post-operative pain score using conventional dissection method compared to diathermy and laser electrocautery methods with no difference found in secondary haemorrhage rates between different methods used.
Effect of Use of Lidcombe Program on Degree of Stuttering Severity
Authors: Shehata Walaa Mohamed , Hasan Sabah Mohamed , Boshnaq Maha Hussein
Published: August 2023

Background

The incidence rate of stuttering is 5% among preschool children and about 1% among adults. Although the cause of stuttering has not been identified, a multifactorial hypothesis of stuttering has gained acceptance.

Aim of the Work

To evaluate the effect of using Lidcombe program on the degree of stuttering after its application on a group of children versus persistance or minimal change in the severity in other group of children facing the same citcumstances.

Patients and Methods

This randomized controlled clinical trial study was carried out at the outpatient clinic of Phoniatrics unit, ENT department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. A total of 60 children were included and divided between two groups. Control group; which included 30 cases who were submitted to parents counselling alone without involving the child with follow up weekly for three months to assess if there was improvement or not by SSI and SPI tools and also to predict the degree of chronicity of childhood stuttering, and test group; which included 30 cases who were submitted to Lidcombe Program.

Results

There was statistical significant differences between study groups as regard post-intervention assessment of stuttering severity using stuttering severity instrument. cases treated with program improved and become very mild and mild, also severe cases improved to become moderate cases, while in group treated with counselling, only very mild and mild cases who have improved while other cases become the same or got worsen.

Conclusion

stuttering will remain a perplexing disorder and assessing its severity is a matter of clinician's clinical experience. Despite the tools used to assess stuttering severity, it is better to assess the child with the disorder rather than assessing the disorder. Taking in considerations that the covert symptoms are the key for deciding the stuttering severity more than the overt symptoms, specifically with the older children.
Is Obesity a Risk Factor for Iron Deficiency and Anemia? A Pilot Study
Authors: Nassar Amira S A , Allam Mohamed F , Samy Maysa A , Gadallah Mohsen A
Published: August 2023

Background

The populations suffer from increasing over consumption of food, but continue to have high rates of micronutrient deficiencies. Adipose tissue of obese persons produces increased amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing to the development of a low-grade systemic inflammation in these persons.

Objectives

To determine the relation between body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin (Hg) level, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and C reactive protein (CRP).

Methodology

The study was carried out on 60 women attending the outpatient clinics of the National Nutrition Institute (Egypt). Participants were divided into two groups; 30 obese women (case group) and 30 normal weight women (control group). Diagnosis of obesity was based on BMI >30. Anemia was diagnosed according to Hg level, serum iron and TIBC.

Results

The mean Hb level of participant women was 11 gm/dl (SD 1.21) and ranged between 8.7 and 13.8 gm/dl. Hb levels showed no significant difference between obese and normal weight women. Serum iron was higher in normal weight women compared with obese women (P < 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between BMI and Hb levels. BMI had a significant negative correlation with serum iron. BMI has significant positive correlations with TIBC and CRP. Linear regression analysis showed a significant association between Hb levels and waist hip ratio.

Conclusions

High BMI affected negatively levels of serum iron and is associated with inflammatory process as indicated by higher levels of CRP. High waist hip ratio is an important risk factor for anemia.
Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment among Elderly in Primary Health Care Centers in Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Mohammed Fatmaa Sayed Abdelmonem , Wahba Hoda Mohamed Farid , Gabal Hebat-Allah Mohammed Salah , El Said Salma Mohamed Samir
Published: August 2023

Background

Cognitive impairment (CI) in the elderly is a growing worldwide public health problem. Symptomatic CI is under-diagnosed, even though early detection in dementia care is of great significance and allowing the person to be involved in future care planning.

Objectives

To measure the prevalence of CI among elderly patients attending primary health care centers in Elsharabya, Egypt and to identify different risk factors associated with CI.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed among 154 elderly using an interview questionnaire including socio-demographic data, Saint – Louis – University – Mental – Status (SLUMS), Test your memory (TYM)) and General practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG) questionnaires.

Results

51.3% of the studied elderly suffered from mild CI compared to 32.5% suffered from marked CI by SLUM. 68.8% suffered from CI by TYM. 83.3% and 13.0% of them were classified as CI by patient assessment and caregiver interview of GPCOG respectively. The most significant factors associated with CI were being older, non-married, and low educational levels.

Conclusions and Recommendations

The prevalence of CI is high among the studied elderly. Early identification of CI is important to delay the progression to Alzheimer’s disease and achieve a better quality of life.