bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural language processing systems for extracting information from electronic health records about activities of daily living. A systematic review
Authors: Wieland-Jorna Yvonne , van Kooten Daan , Verheij Robert A , de Man Yvonne , Francke Anneke L , Oosterveld-Vlug Mariska G
Published: May 2024

Objective

Natural language processing (NLP) can enhance research on activities of daily living (ADL) by extracting structured information from unstructured electronic health records (EHRs) notes. This review aims to give insight into the state-of-the-art, usability, and performance of NLP systems to extract information on ADL from EHRs.

Materials and Methods

A systematic review was conducted based on searches in Pubmed, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies published between 2017 and 2022 were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria.

Results

The review identified 22 studies. Most studies (65%) used NLP for classifying unstructured EHR data on 1 or 2 ADL. Deep learning, combined with a ruled-based method or machine learning, was the approach most commonly used. NLP systems varied widely in terms of the pre-processing and algorithms. Common performance evaluation methods were cross-validation and train/test datasets, with F1, precision, and sensitivity as the most frequently reported evaluation metrics. Most studies reported relativity high overall scores on the evaluation metrics.

Discussion

NLP systems are valuable for the extraction of unstructured EHR data on ADL. However, comparing the performance of NLP systems is difficult due to the diversity of the studies and challenges related to the dataset, including restricted access to EHR data, inadequate documentation, lack of granularity, and small datasets.

Conclusion

This systematic review indicates that NLP is promising for deriving information on ADL from unstructured EHR notes. However, what the best-performing NLP system is, depends on characteristics of the dataset, research question, and type of ADL.
The anti-suit injunctions in patent litigation in China: what role for judicial self-restraint?
Authors: Svetlicinii Alexandr , Xie Fali
Published: May 2024

Starting from 2020, the Chinese courts have actively participated in the jurisdictional battles for the standard essential patent (SEP) disputes, a pivotal development marked by the Supreme People’s Court’s inaugural SEP-related anti-suit injunction (ASI) in Huawei v Conversant. Subsequently, lower courts in China have emulated this approach by issuing ASIs targeting SEPs in the domain of information and communication technology. The present study highlights the features of the Chinese ‘act preservation measures’ by comparing them with the typical ASIs originally developed in the common law jurisdictions. This comparison reveals significant divergence in the factors considered by Chinese courts issuing ASIs, particularly in the context of cross-border patent litigation. The study aims at elucidating potential defenses that the respondents in SEP litigation may employ to contest the issuance of ASIs in Chinese judicial proceedings, with particular attention accorded to the principles of comity and public interest. The article concludes that the invocation of international comity and public interest in SEP litigation will encounter a formalistic assessment by the Chinese judiciary due to potential conflicts with statutory provisions and the lack of a more context-specific analysis. As a result, in the absence of supra-national mechanisms that would address the problem of parallel litigation, there appears to be little room for judicial self-restraint.
Risk factor analysis of vertebral fractures requiring surgery in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Kai Kazuhiro , Fujiwara Toshifumi , Akasaki Yukio , Tsushima Hidetoshi , Hara Daisuke , Arisumi Shinkichi , Tsurui Ryosuke , Yasumoto Keitaro , Saiwai Hirokazu , Kawaguchi Kenichi , Yamada Hisakata , Nakashima Yasuharu
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the risk factors for vertebral fractures requiring surgery in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods

We included 60 patients with AS diagnosed by using the modified New York criteria and who were treated in our department from April 2004 to March 2019. We evaluated age, sex, disease duration, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ankylosed sacroiliac joint, bamboo spine, number of ankylosed vertebrae, and treatment (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, prednisolone, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and spine surgery for vertebral fracture) at the final follow-up of the nonsurgical group and the preoperative follow-up of the surgical group.

Results

At the final follow-up, the mean age was 49 years, 46 patients (75%) were male, and the mean disease duration was 27 years. Additionally, 8 (13.3%) and 43 patients (71%) underwent surgical and medical treatments, respectively. The group of surgery for vertebral fracture had significantly higher C-reactive protein levels, which was also significantly associated with vertebral fracture surgery by multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

C-reactive protein was identified as a risk factor for vertebral fractures requiring surgery. Control of systemic inflammation in patients with AS may reduce the risk of vertebral fractures requiring surgery.
Axion Detection with Quantum Hall Effect
Authors: Iwazaki Aiichi
Published: May 2024

Plateau–plateau transition in the integer quantum Hall effect is a phase transition between metal and insulator. The behavior describing how the width ΔB of the transition changes with temperature and frequency of radiations imposed has been explored extensively. It decreases with the decrease of temperature and frequency, but saturates at a critical temperature or frequency. We have recently discussed the effect of axion dark matter on the saturation. The axion generates radiations under a strong magnetic field in the experiment of the quantum Hall effect. The radiations play a similar role to that of radiations imposed externally. In this paper we discuss in detail how the width behaves in relation to temperature and frequency under the effect of axion dark matter. We show that the axion effect can be observable in low temperatures roughly below 100 mK. According to our detailed analysis of the saturation, we find that the critical frequency of saturation observed in the previous experiment strongly suggests axion mass ma = (0.95∼0.99) × 10−5 eV.
Interest in daily clinical practice of screening for gouty disease in patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Moukarzel Vanessa , Doussière Marie , Barbier Vincent , Menis Jimmy , Le Monnier Laure , Salomon-Goëb Sarah , Aboudiab Maxime , Goëb Vincent
Published: May 2024

Objectives

PsA and gout are two prevalent rheumatic diseases, that can be associated as part of a rheumatism known as ‘Psout’. Both conditions are associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk, thus their co-occurrence could have significant implications for the management of CV risks and patient care. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gout within a PsA patient cohort and, consequently, to identify factors associated with this pathological association.

Methods

This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, single-center study, including patients diagnosed with PsA. Demographic, clinical, biological and imaging data were collected. We identified the proportion of patients simultaneously affected by PsA and gout and compared characteristics between those with and without gout.

Results

The prevalence of gout among PSA patients was 9.8% (12/122), with a prevalence of 23% for asymptomatic hyperuricemia and 7.4% presenting with specific US signs of gout. Significant associated factors in the univariate analysis included weight, hypertension, diabetes, certain medications (diuretics, aspirin, lipid-lowering agents), impaired renal function, elevated fasting blood glucose, lipid abnormalities and specific US signs of gout.

Conclusion

Our study has described the existence of patients simultaneously affected by PsA and gout (‘Psout’). Performing joint US along with uric acid level measurements in PsA patients can enable personalized therapeutic care.
An injectable magnesium-coordinated phosphate chitosan-based hydrogel loaded with vancomycin for antibacterial and osteogenesis in the treatment of osteomyelitis
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Tiehua , Qian Junyu , Qin Haotian , Liu Peng , Xiong Ao , Udduttula Anjaneyulu , Wang Deli , Zeng Hui , Chen Yingqi
Published: May 2024

Microbial infections of bones, particularly after joint replacement surgery, are a common occurrence in clinical settings and often lead to osteomyelitis (OM). Unfortunately, current treatment approaches for OM are not satisfactory. To address this issue, this study focuses on the development and evaluation of an injectable magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticle (NP)-coordinated phosphocreatine-grafted chitosan hydrogel (CMPMg-VCM) loaded with varying amounts of vancomycin (VCM) for the treatment of OM. The results demonstrate that the loading of VCM does not affect the formation of the injectable hydrogel, and the MgO-incorporated hydrogel exhibits anti-swelling properties. The release of VCM from the hydrogel effectively kills S.aureus bacteria, with CMPMg-VCM (50) showing the highest antibacterial activity even after prolonged immersion in PBS solution for 12 days. Importantly, all the hydrogels are non-toxic to MC3T3-E1 cells and promote osteogenic differentiation through the early secretion of alkaline phosphatase and calcium nodule formation. Furthermore, in vivo experiments using a rat OM model reveal that the CMPMg-VCM hydrogel effectively kills and inhibits bacterial growth, while also protecting the infected bone from osteolysis. These beneficial properties are attributed to the burst release of VCM, which disrupts bacterial biofilm, as well as the release of Mg ions and hydroxyl by the degradation of MgO NPs, which inhibits bacterial growth and prevents osteolysis. Overall, the CMPMg-VCM hydrogel exhibits promising potential for the treatment of microbial bone infections.
Trustee personal liability for contaminated land remediation: the UK position
Authors: Brown Lloyd
Published: May 2024

Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 creates a liability risk for trusts and trustees. Trustees may indeed be found liable pursuant to Part IIA’s definition of an “owner” of contaminated land. This definition includes trustees to avoid the situation of people evading liability by transferring affected land into trust funds. However, the risk to trustees is sufficiently low. The law shows that trustees possess a lien over their trust funds that can be used to indemnify liabilities. Furthermore, Part IIA’s proportionate approach to sustainable development considers the “hardship” that liability can cause to trustees and obviates the risk.
Physical Rehabilitation and Mobilization in Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Life Support: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rivera Julian D. , Fox Edward S. , Fernando Shannon M. , Tran Alexandre , Brodie Daniel , Fan Eddy , Fowles Jo-Anne , Hodgson Carol L. , Tonna Joseph E. , Rochwerg Bram
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES:

We planned to synthesize evidence examining the potential efficacy and safety of performing physical rehabilitation and/or mobilization (PR&M) in adult patients receiving extracorporeal life support (ECLS).

DATA SOURCES:

We included any study that compared PR&M to no PR&M or among different PR&M strategies in adult patients receiving any ECLS for any indication and any cannulation. We searched seven electronic databases with no language limitations.

STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:

Two reviewers, independently and in duplicate, screened all citations for eligibility. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and Cochrane Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tools to assess individual study risk of bias. Although we had planned for meta-analysis, this was not possible due to insufficient data, so we used narrative and tabular data summaries for presenting results. We assessed the overall certainty of the evidence for each outcome using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

We included 17 studies that enrolled 996 patients. Most studies examined venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and/or venoarterial ECMO as a bridge to recovery in the ICU. We found an uncertain effect of high-intensity/active PR&M on mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, or quality of life compared with low-intensity/passive PR&M in patients receiving ECLS (very low certainty due to very serious imprecision). There was similarly an uncertain effect on safety events including clinically important bleeding, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, limb ischemia, accidental decannulation, or ECLS circuit dysfunction (very low certainty due to very serious risk of bias and imprecision).

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on the currently available summary of evidence, there is an uncertain effect of high-intensity/active PR&M on patient important outcomes or safety in patients receiving ECLS. Despite indirect data from other populations suggesting potential benefit of high-intensity PR&M in the ICU; further high-quality randomized trials evaluating the benefits and risks of physical therapy and/or mobilization in this population are needed.
Paeoniae Radix Alba effectively attenuates Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.-induced idiosyncratic liver injury by modulating M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Xiu Ye , Wu Zhixin , Chen Yichong , Mu Wenqing , Zhao Xiaomei , Dong Ming , Li Yurong , Bai Zhaofang , Xiao Xiaohe
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) is a commonly used tonic herb known to cause idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI). This study explored the detoxification effects and potential mechanisms of action of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA) on PM-induced IDILI.

Methods:

Network pharmacology analysis was utilized to predict the related targets of “PRA-PM-innate immunity.” A non-hepatotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and PM-induced IDILI model was used to evaluate the detoxification effects of PRA by measuring liver function indicators, pathological examinations, and macrophage-related factors. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated with IL-4 to differentiate into M2 macrophages, and the effects of PM and PRA on M2 macrophage polarization were explored.

Results:

Target screening of “PRA-PM-innate immunity” identified 21 intersecting targets, most of which were closely associated with macrophage polarization. In rat models of IDILI induced by PM, the combined use of PRA significantly reduced the extent of liver damage and the levels of inflammatory factors, while promoting the expression of M2 macrophage-related factors such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, arginase 1 (Arg1), and CD206. In vitro, PM dose-dependently inhibited the expression of the Arg1 protein and M2 macrophage-related genes, whereas PRA exhibited the opposite effect. When used in combination, PRA ameliorated the inhibitory effect of PM on M2 macrophage polarization.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate that PRA has a therapeutic effect on PM-induced IDILI; its mechanism may involve alleviating liver injury by promoting M2 macrophage polarization, thus reducing the expression of inflammatory factors.
Exploring the Interplay between Calcium Oxalate Crystals and Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury: Implications for the Formation and Prevention of Kidney Stones
Authors: Zhao Youquan , Yang Boyu , Yang Xiaochuan , Zhou Houyu , Zhao Huimin , Yue Ruiyu , Denstedt John , Li Jun
Published: May 2024

Kidney stones are a prevalent and clinically significant disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide, which have emerged as a significant global public health concern. The majority of kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate (CaOx). The mechanisms of stone formation and development are unclear, involving a complex interplay of physical and biochemical processes. The injury of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) represents a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of this condition, as it initiates oxidative stress and immune-inflammatory reactions. Macrophages play a pivotal role in the inflammatory process, interacting with a multitude of molecules and pathways, thereby influencing the stone formation. Furthermore, apoptosis and autophagy induce TECs injury and contribute to the pathogenesis of CaOx stones. The current treatment strategies mainly focus on the management of crystal-cell interactions and the protection of TECs, in conjunction with the application of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and inhibitors of apoptosis and autophagy. These strategies have demonstrated promising results. Future research will aim to modulate the immune-inflammatory response, offering hope for the effective prevention of stone recurrence.
Association of functional outcomes between intravenous tirofiban and endovascular thrombectomy in imaging-screened patients with large vessel occlusion stroke: a secondary analysis of randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wang Li , Huang Jiacheng , Song Jiaxing , Yang Jie , Li Linyu , Guo Changwei , Yang Qingwu , Zi Wenjie , Li Fengli , Kong Weilin
Published: May 2024

Background:

In the RESCUE BT (endovascular treatment with versus without tirofiban for stroke patients with large vessel occlusion) trial, enrollment in extended time window was based on noncontrast computed tomography. To assess whether perioperative intravenous tirofiban would further enhance the clinical benefit of endovascular therapy in the RESCUE BT trial according to advanced imaging criteria based on current American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) guidelines.

Methods:

This is a secondary analysis of the RESCUE BT trial. Patients who were eligible for endovascular thrombectomy in the 6 h window and met the criteria of the DAWN or DEFUSE 3 trials in the extended window according to the AHA/ASA guidelines were analyzed. The primary outcome was the distribution of the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Safety outcomes included the incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) within 48 h and 90-day mortality.

Results:

A total of 652 patients (319 in tirofiban group and 333 in placebo group) who meeting the AHA/ASA guidelines were included in this analysis, with median interquartile ranges (IQR) age of 68 (58–75) years, 278 (42.6%) were women. The median 90-day mRS score was 3 (IQR, 1–4) in the tirofiban group, and 3 (IQR, 1–4) in the placebo group. The adjusted common odds ratio (OR) for a lower level of disability with tirofiban than with placebo was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.83–1.42). The incidence of sICH [10.1% versus 6.3%; adjusted OR 1.70; (95% CI: 0.95–3.04)] was not significantly different between groups. However, intravenous tirofiban might be associated with lower disability level [adjusted common OR, 1.74 (95% CI: 1.14–2.65); P=0.01] in patients with large artery atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

There was no significant difference in the severity of disability at 90 days with intravenous tirofiban compared to placebo in patients who underwent endovascular therapy according to AHA/ASA guidelines. The authors observed potential benefits of tirofiban in patients with large artery atherosclerosis, but there was an increased risk of sICH in patients with cardioembolism stroke.
Molecular mechanism of wedelolactone inhibits high glucose-induced human retinal vascular endothelial cells injury through regulating miR-190 expression
Authors: Cai Xiaojie , Wang Xiao , Huang Yuping , Rao Xiaopang
Published: May 2024

To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of wedelolactone (WEL) on high glucose-induced injury of human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRECs). The cell injury model was established by incubating HRECs with 30 mmol/L glucose for 24 hour. HRECs were divided into control (Con) group, high glucose (HG) group, HG + WEL-low dose (L) group, HG + WEL-medium dose (M), HG + WEL-high dose (H) group, HG + miR-NC group, HG + miR-190 group, HG + WEL + antimiR-NC group, HG + WEL + antimiR-190 group. The kit detects cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content; cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry; miR-190 expression was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Compared with Con group, the levels of ROS and MDA in the HG group were significantly increased (P < .01), the SOD activity and the expression of miR-190 expression were significantly decreased (P < .05), and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P < .01). Compared with HG group, the levels of ROS and MDA in HG + WEL-L group, HG + WEL-M group and HG + WEL-H group were significantly decreased (P < .05), SOD activity and miR-190 expression were significantly increased (P < .05), and apoptosis rate was significantly reduced (P < .05). Compared with the HG + miR-NC group, the levels of ROS and MDA in HG + miR-190 group were significantly reduced (P < .01), SOD activity was significantly increased (P < .01), and apoptosis rate was significantly reduced (P < .05). Compared with the HG + WEL + antimiR-NC group, the ROS level and MDA content in the HG + WEL + antimiR-190 group were significantly increased (P < .05), SOD activity was significantly decreased (P < .05), and apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P < .05). Wedelolactone can attenuate high glucose-induced HRECs apoptosis and oxidative stress by up-regulating miR-190 expression.
The effect of self-compassion on social media addiction among college students – The mediating role of gratitude: An observational study
Authors: Wei Pengcheng
Published: May 2024

In contemporary society, social media pervades every aspect of daily life, offering significant benefits such as enhanced access to information, improved interconnectivity, and fostering community among its users. However, its usage, particularly when excessive, can lead to negative psychological outcomes, including the prevalence of social media addiction (SMA) among adolescents. While extensive research has been conducted on the phenomenon of SMA, there is a notable paucity of studies examining the link between individual levels of self-compassion and susceptibility to SMA. This study aims to investigate the correlation between self-compassion and SMA in college students, while also examining the potential mediating influence of gratitude. The study sampled 1131 college students who engaged in an anonymous online survey. This survey utilized the Chinese translations of the Self-Compassion Scale, Gratitude Questionnaire, and SMA Scale. For data analysis, validated factor analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS® AMOS™ version 23. Correlation analyses were carried out with IBM® SPSS® version 22.0, and the PROCESS macro (Model 4) was employed to assess path and mediation effects. Higher levels of positive self-compassion were found to mitigate the effects of SMA, while elevated levels of negative self-compassion were associated with an increase in such addiction. The study further revealed that gratitude played a partial mediating role in the relationship between self-compassion and SMA. Specifically, positive self-compassion can reduce symptoms of SMA by enhancing levels of gratitude, whereas negative self-compassion may worsen these symptoms by diminishing gratitude. Positive self-compassion is instrumental in fostering personal growth among college students, with gratitude serving as a significant mediator in reducing SMA.
Probiotics combined with atorvastatin administration in the treatment of hyperlipidemia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tian Yingjie , Wu Guang , Zhao Xingsheng , Zhang Heping , Ren Maojia , Song Xiaopeng , Chang Hao , Jing Zelin
Published: May 2024

Background:

Hyperlipidemia is a common feature of chronic diseases. The aim of this work was designed to assess the role of probiotics (Lactobacillus casei Zhang, Bifidobactetium animalis subsp. lactis V9, and Lactobacillus plantarum P-8) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Methods:

Thirty three patients with hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into a probiotic group (n = 18) and a control group (n = 15). The probiotic group was administered probiotics (2 g once daily) and atorvastatin 20 mg (once daily), and the control group was administered a placebo (2 g once daily) and atorvastatin 20 mg (once daily). Serum and fecal samples were gathered for subsequent analyses.

Results:

Time had a significant effect on the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the probiotic and control groups (P < .05). The gut microbial abundance in the probiotic group was markedly higher than that in the control group following 3-month probiotic treatment (P < .05). At the phylum level, probiotics exerted no notable effects on the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria but elevated that of Tenericutes and reduced Proteobacteria. At the genus level, probiotics increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia, and decreased that of Escherichia, Eggerthella, and Sutterella relative to the control group in months 1, 2, and 3 (P < .05).

Conclusions:

Probiotics optimize the gut microbiota structure and decrease the amount of harmful bacteria in patients with hyperlipidemia. Probiotics can influence the composition of gut microorganisms and increase their diversity and abundance in vivo. It is recommended to use probiotics combined with atorvastatin to treat patients with hyperlipidemia.
A meta-analysis of recombinant human endostatin combined with NP regimen for treating non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gao Chao , Gao Chaoqian , Yuan Qin
Published: May 2024

Background:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human endostatin in combination with vinorelbine + cisplatin (NPE) for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of NPE for advanced NSCLC in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were searched using a computerized search of the database from the time of creation to May 2023. Two investigators independently extracted literature information and assessed the quality of the included literature. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.0 software.

Results:

A total of 24 RCTs with 2114 patients with advanced NSCLC were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate in the group received NPE regimen was significantly higher than those in the group without NPE regimen (RR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.48–1.95, P < .00001). Meanwhile, the clinical benefit rate in the group received NPE regimen was also significantly higher than those in the group without NPE regimen (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15–1.29, P < .00001). However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse event rate between the 2 groups (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.76–1.27, P = .88).

Conclusions:

Compared with NP (vinorelbine + cisplatin) regimens for patients with advanced NSCLC, NPE regimens improve the total effective rate and clinical benefit rate of treatment, but there can be no significant difference in adverse effects. Prospective randomized trials are needed to further validate the safety and efficacy of this treatment modality.
Mechanism and clinical role of TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 in cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: A review
Authors: Leng Jiajie , Li Letai , Tu Hongwen , Luo Yuxiang , Cao Zhenrui , Zhou Kun , Rizvi Syed M Musa , Tie Hongtao , Jiang Yingjiu
Published: May 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common postoperative complication, but there is still a lack of accurate biomarkers. Cardiac surgery-associated AKI is the most common cause of major-surgery-related AKI, and patients requiring renal replacement therapy have high mortality rates. Early diagnosis, intervention, and management are crucial for improving patient prognosis. However, diagnosing AKI based solely on changes in serum creatinine level and urine output is insufficient, as these changes often lag behind actual kidney damage, making early detection challenging. Biomarkers such as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7) have been found to be significant predictors of moderate-to-severe AKI when combined with urine content analysis. This article reviews the mechanism of biomarkers TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 in AKI and provides a comprehensive overview of the clinical effects of TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 in cardiac surgery-associated AKI, including prediction, diagnosis, and progression.
Influence of exercise prescription intervention based on WeChat on glycolipid metabolism and fitness of suboptimal-health teachers
Authors: Duan Yimei , Li Shunchang , Su Quansheng , Xu Simao , Lu Guotian
Published: May 2024

Exercise is an effective means to promote health, but adherence is low. Due to the advantages of immediacy, economy and effectiveness, the use of WeChat social software has permeated into every aspect in daily life in China. To explore the influence of WeChat-based exercise prescription intervention mode on glycolipid metabolism and fitness of suboptimal-health teachers. 293 suboptimal-health teachers with senior professional titles were randomized to a control group (CG) or an experimental group (e.g.). The CG exercised on its own, while the e.g. adopted the exercise prescription intervention based on WeChat. The intervention period was 6 months. Finally, 264 cases were adhered to and completed, including 132 cases in the CG and 132 cases in the e.g.. The Suboptimal-Health Status Questionnaires-25 scores (SHSQ-25 scores), exercise adherence, subjective feelings, physical fitness, blood glucose and blood lipids were detected before and after intervention and compared between 2 groups. After the intervention, the SHSQ-25 scores in the e.g. was significantly decreased than those in the CG (P < .01). The complete exercise adherence in the e.g. was significantly higher than those in the CG (P < .01). After intervention, the subjective feelings of e.g. were significantly improved compared to CG (P < .05). The body shape, body function and physical quality in the e.g. was higher than those in the CG (P < .05). Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly in the e.g. but not in the CG (P < .05). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) decreased significantly in the e.g. but not in the CG, with a significant difference between groups (P < .05). The subjects in the e.g. were very satisfied with WeChat management. WeChat-based exercise prescription intervention could improve SHS, exercise adherence, subjective feelings, physical fitness and glycolipid metabolism.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Yukwool-tang for major depressive disorder in women: A randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel trial
Authors: Seo Young Kyung , Choi Sunyoung , Choi Youngeun , Choi Sungmin , Kwon Ojin , Kim Hyungjun , Jung In Chul
Published: May 2024

Background:

Major depressive disorder (MDD) occurs more often in women than that in men due to various complex causes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Yukwool-tang (YWT) for MDD in women.

Methods:

A total of 72 patients diagnosed with MDD and Korean version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K-HDRS) ≥ 14 points were randomly assigned to the YWT or placebo group, and 1 bottle (30 mg) of No-S solution and placebo was administered to the YWT and placebo groups, respectively, orally thrice a day for 8 weeks. The evaluation was conducted through K-HDRS, Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-K), Korean version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (K-BHS), Korean version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-K), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-K), EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D), and Pattern Identifications Tool for Depression (PITD). Fifty patients completed the trial.

Results:

In the YWT group, the K-HDRS, BDI-K, K-BHS, ISI-K, STAI-K, and EQ-5D scores changed significantly at the 8th week, but there were no significant differences with the placebo. In subgroup analysis, the K-BHS score with an initial K-HDRS score < 18 points was significantly decreased compared to placebo at the 12th week (P < .05). In the YWT group, the ratio of Stagnation of Liver Gi (肝氣鬱結) was the highest, but Dual Deficiency of the Heart and Spleen (心脾兩虛) became the highest after administration, which was also the highest in the placebo group both before and after administration.

Conclusion:

YWT improved depression and accompanying symptoms in women with MDD, although it was not significant compared to placebo, and it might be effective in improving the degree of hopelessness. The effect of YWT will become relatively clear through further research that can overcome certain limitations.
Gastrointestinal safety evaluation of semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Wu Miaohui , Lin Jiaojiao , Mou Lunpan , Zhang Yaping , Jiang Jianjia
Published: May 2024

Background:

Semaglutide, as an innovative weekly formulation, has attracted much attention. Nevertheless, the predominant occurrence of gastrointestinal adverse events (GIAEs) poses a noteworthy challenge linked to the use of this medication, substantially affecting its clinical applicability and the overall well-being of patients. Therefore, this systematic review aims to comprehensively discuss the GIAEs, providing a basis for clinical therapeutic decisions.

Methods:

We systematically searched 4 independent databases for randomized controlled trials investigating the application of semaglutide in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The search period spanned from the inception of the databases to December 2023. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis, employing Review Manager 5.4.1 software, to systematically analyze and evaluate potential biases. Our primary emphasis was on assessing the gastrointestinal safety profile of semaglutide.

Results:

The outcomes unveiled a noteworthy rise in the collective occurrence of GIAEs across all dosage groups of semaglutide in comparison with the control group (P < .05). Upon further analysis, it was observed that semaglutide showed a heightened occurrence of GIAEs in contrast to the placebo. However, statistically significant distinction was not observed when compared to the reduction of conventional doses or the transition to other types of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist. Additionally, an extended treatment duration with semaglutide (>30 weeks) demonstrated an association with a certain degree of decrease in the incidence of gastrointestinal events. Funnel plot assessment for publication bias demonstrated high-quality inclusion of studies with no apparent publication bias.

Conclusion:

The frequency of GIAEs in using semaglutide was observed to be elevated in comparison to the control group. However, it was comparable to other glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist or low-dose treatment regimens. Additionally, an extended treatment duration played a role in decreasing the frequency of GIAEs. These findings provide valuable insights for clinical practice. Nonetheless, further research is crucial to explore supplementary data indicators, informing clinical practices and better serving the interests of patients.
Overweight and obesity and associated factors among public and private secondary school adolescent students in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Mandefro Miheret , Shore Hirbo , Hailu Saba , Ayele Firayad , Tekola Abainash , Shawel Samrawit , Kassa Obsan , Tamire Aklilu , Masrie Awoke , Gezahegn Anteneh , Gebru Tilaye , Roba Kedir Teji , Gebremichael Berhe
Published: May 2024

Adolescent overweight and obesity are growing public health concerns in developing nations like Ethiopia. They are closely linked to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, a deterioration in health-related quality of life, subpar academic performance, and a decline in social and emotional well-being. There is, however, little research in this field. Thus, this study aimed to assess overweight and obesity and associated factors among public and private secondary school adolescent students in Harar city, Eastern Ethiopia. A school-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 781 secondary school adolescents in Harar city from February to March 2022. Multi-stage sampling was used to identify 781 study participants (586 in public and 195 in private schools). Anthropometric measures and self-administered structured questionnaires were used to obtain the data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the association between independent variables and overweight and obesity. Statistical significance was declared at P < .05. The overall magnitude of overweight and obesity was 9.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.2–11.4%] with 16.2% in private schools. Being female [adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.17–3.55], late adolescent age [AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.31–0.90], bigger family size [AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31–0.97], high paternal education level [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.08–3.81], eating meat [AOR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.27–9.17] and not consuming breakfast daily [AOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24–3.67] were factors associated with overweight and obesity among all secondary school adolescents. A high maternal educational level, not eating breakfast and dinner daily in private secondary school adolescents and having a feminine gender, eating eggs, and not walking or riding a bicycle for at least 10 minutes continuously in public secondary school adolescents were factors associated with overweight and obesity. The extent of overweight and obesity was notably higher in the study area. Communities and educational institutions should work together to promote healthy lifestyle choices among adolescents, with a special emphasis on girls and students enrolled in private schools.
Understanding tightened muscle in knee osteoarthritis and the impacts of Fu’s subcutaneous needling: A pilot trial with shear-wave elastography and near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Xiaolin , Wang Hanlin , Sun Jian
Published: May 2024

Background:

Given the scarce reports on the interplay between Fu’s subcutaneous needling (FSN), tightened muscle, and therapeutic effects, we developed a clinical research protocol to synchronously collect data on clinical efficacy and muscle characteristics in patients with knee osteoarthritis, exploring the mechanism of FSN action. The primary aim was to assess the feasibility and safety of this protocol, guiding future trials and their sample size calculations.

Methods:

In this prospective, single-blind, self-controlled study, 19 patients with early to mid-stage unilateral knee osteoarthritis underwent FSN therapy on both knees over 1 week (4 sessions, every other day). We measured local elastic modulus, muscle thickness, blood flow volume, and oxygen consumption rate of bilateral vastus lateralis muscles using shear-wave elastography and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) before and after the first and fourth treatments. Additionally, real-time NIRS indicators (oxygenated hemoglobin [O2Hb], deoxyhemoglobin [HHb], total hemoglobin [THb], and tissue saturation index [TSI]) were recorded during these treatments. Pain intensity (visual analogue scale [VAS]), functional status (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]), and active range of motion were evaluated before these treatments.

Results:

All 19 participants completed the trial without serious adverse events. After 3 FSN treatments, significant changes were observed in VAS and WOMAC scores (VAS: P < .001; WOMAC: P < .001), and knee flexion (P < .001) and external rotation (P = .02), except for internal rotation. No meaningful significant differences were observed in muscle characteristics at baseline or between pre- and post-treatment periods. NIRS results during treatments indicated significant increases in local O2Hb and THb post-FSN therapy (First treatment: O2Hb: P = .005; THb: P = .006. Fourth treatment: O2Hb: P = .002; THb: P = .004); however, no significant increases were observed for HHb (First treatment: P = .06; Fourth treatment: P = .28). No linear correlation was found between therapeutic effects and changes in tightened muscle indices.

Conclusion:

FSN reduces pain and improves joint function in knee osteoarthritis, while also enhancing blood flow and oxygenation in the vastus lateralis muscle of the affected side. Further revisions of this protocol are warranted based on our insights.
Causal relationship between gut microbiota and intracranial hemorrhage: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jia Jiameng , Zhou Lin , Wang Nan , Zheng Qiang
Published: May 2024

Patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) usually have an imbalance in the gut microbiota (GM); however, whether this is a causal correlation remains unclear. This study used summary data from an open genome-wide association study to conduct double-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to test the causal correlation between GM and ICH. First, we used a cutoff value of P < 10E–5 to select single nucleotide polymorphisms critical for each GM. Inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO methods were used to evaluate the strength of this causal association. Finally, functional maps and annotations from genome-wide association studies were used to determine the biological functions of the genes. MR analysis revealed that Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group was significantly positively correlated with ICH risk. For every unit increase in Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, the relative risk of ICH increased by 34.4%(P = 4.62E–04). Rhodospirillales, Terrisporobacter, Veillonellaceae, Coprococcus 3, unknown genus, Alphaproteobacteria, and Allisonella groups were negatively correlated with the risk of ICH, while Anaerofilum, Eubacteriumbrachy group, Clostridia, Howardella, and Romboutsia were negatively correlated with the risk of ICH. Nonetheless, the specific role of single nucleotide polymorphisms gene enrichment requires further investigation. This study suggests the causal effect on ICH. The discovery of >10 GMs associated with ICH could be used to prevent and treat ICH.
Correlation between relative dose intensity of adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy and psoas muscle mass volume and survival after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Sakamoto Teruhisa , Kishino Mikiya , Murakami Yuki , Miyatani Kozo , Hanaki Takehiko , Shishido Yuji , Kihara Kyoichi , Matsunaga Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Manabu , Tokuyasu Naruo , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic relationship between relative dose intensity (RDI) of adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy and psoas muscle mass volume (PMV) in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We enrolled 105 patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who had undergone pancreatectomy. Adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy was administered to 72 (68.6%) of the 105 patients and not to the remaining 33 patients. Patients who received adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy were stratified into high- and low-RDI groups by the cutoff value for RDI. Five-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were significantly higher in the high- than in the low-RDI group. Similarly, both the 5-year OS and RFS rates were significantly greater among patients in the high-PMV group than among patients in the low-PMV group. The RDI was an independent prognostic factor in our study patients. Furthermore, patients who received adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy were stratified into 3 groups: those with both high RDI and high-PMV, Group A; those with either high RDI or high PMV (but not both), Group B; and those with both low RDI and low-PMV, group C. There were statistically significant differences in 5-year OS and RFS between 3 patient groups (5-year overall survival: P = .023, 5-year relapse-free survival: P = .001). The area under the curve for the combination of RDI and PMV (0.674) was greater than that for RDI alone (0.645). A sufficient dosage of adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy is important in improving survival of patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A combination of RDI and PMV may predict the prognosis of patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma more effective than RDI alone.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the lacrimal gland: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhong Qin , Yan Yu , Li ShuangLe
Published: May 2024

Rationale:

The most common subtype of primary lymphoma of the ocular adnexa is the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) subtype. MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal gland is relatively rare among the lacrimal gland tumors, and the early clinical symptoms are atypical, which can easily lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Here, we report a case of MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal gland and explore its clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, management, and pathogenesis, with the aim of helping clinicians gain an in-depth understanding of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.

Patient concerns:

A 60-year-old man presented to our hospital with proptosis and diplopia. The right eye deviated and shifted toward the lower part of the nose.

Diagnosis:

Orbital enhanced magnetic resonance imaging suggested a mass with a maximum cross-section of 3.2 × 2.1 cm. T1 weighted image was isointense, and the enhancement was more uniform and obvious.

Interventions:

The right orbital mass was treated surgically, and the final pathology report was MALT lymphoma. After the pathological report was released, the patient was transferred to the hematology department for further diagnosis and no further treatment was given eventually.

Outcomes:

Seven months later, the patient did not complain of discomfort. Whole-body positron emission tomography-computed tomography, superficial lymph node examination and orbital magnetic resonance imaging revealed no abnormal changes.

Lessons:

The clinical manifestations of MALT lymphoma are heterogeneous. Imaging examination is important for assessing the size of the tumor and its relationship with adjacent tissues. Postoperative pathological examination may provide further evidence for the evaluation of the patient’s surgical efficacy and prognosis. Management of MALT lymphoma of the lacrimal gland requires a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, hematologists, and radiotherapists.
Primary central nervous system angiitis: a case report
Authors: Zeer Zahraa M. M. , Arda Yasmin N. A. , Abu Salim Hasan , Abbas Mohammad M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Primary central nervous system angiitis is a rare idiopathic vasculitis that is limited to the central nervous system. It has a wide range of clinical presentations that can mimic other vasculopathies.

Case presentation:

A 24-year-old female patient presents with various non-specific neurological complaints in a progressive course. After a challenging diagnostic work-up, she was diagnosed by tissue biopsy to have primary central nervous system angiitis.

Discussion:

Although primary central nervous system angiitis has been reported increasingly recently, its pathogenesis is still unknown, and its diagnosis is still very challenging. No universal criteria have been adopted, and there is no laboratory test or imaging modality with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other mimickers.

Conclusion:

To prevent misdiagnosis, clinicians treating patients with suspected primary central nervous system angiitis should be aware of its differentials.