bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Highly Superior ‘Variety Turns’”: The Orthodox Roots of Suffrage Theatre
Authors: Farkas Anna
Published: March 2015

This paper locates the origins of the forms and practices of Edwardian suffrage theatre in a late-Victorian middle-class entertainment culture with which it shared many of its distinguishing features, if not its politics. Suffrage theatre has long been lauded for its radical embracing of alternative performance spaces and a democratic blurring of the lines between amateur and professional. However, these features were already present in the 1890s, in a theatrical scene which emerged from nineteenth-century enthusiasm for private theatricals and which offered women authors important artistic opportunities. “Dramatic recitals,” which combined the performance of short plays and dramatic sketches with recitation and music, developed independently of both the West End and the music hall, drawing instead on the traditions of home performance. This genteel variety theatre was written and performed by women and clearly directed at primarily female audiences, laying the foundation for suffrage theatre in spite of its own conservative gender politics.
Case Study: The Critical Role of Sealants in the Repair of a Fluid-Applied Roofing Membrane
Authors: Magnuson Kyle D. , Macicak W. Joseph , Guedelhoefer Otto C. , VanDommelen David M.
Published: March 2015

Harsh tropical climates of Guam impact the selection, installation, and performance of roof membranes there. Proper material selection, design, application, and detailing to accommodate movement are essential in achieving suitable performance. Liquid-applied silicone membrane systems are one of the few roof products that have been successfully used in the Guam environment. After construction of a 170 000 square foot retail center, structural cracking of the concrete roof decking created cohesive tears of the fluid-applied roof membrane that led to water leakage. The investigation, testing, and development of repair details associated with the silicone system to address the roof membrane are discussed. The investigation to determine the cause of the membrane failures identified cracks that formed along girder lines in the concrete decking. The fluid-applied membrane placed directly on the concrete was unable to accommodate the crack displacement and dynamic movement, resulting in tearing of the membrane. Inadequate concrete reinforcement and an absence of control joints or concrete crack treatment prior to membrane placement contributed to the membrane tearing. Details involving sealant joint design in combination with locally reinforced fluid-applied membrane were developed and tested to repair the roof deck membrane. During development of repairs, various joint profiles, sealant backings, and material combinations were tested to determine their ability to accommodate movement. Repairs included routing existing cracks to create a sealant profile able to accommodate anticipated movement and provide redundant water seal should the membrane leak. Further refinements of the final repair configuration were added during repair implementation to accommodate installation difficulties with the harsh environment.
Anti-Fungal Durability Evaluation of Sanitary Sealant
Authors: Jung Jinyoung , Seo Yeonwon , Lee Sangkook
Published: March 2015

There are many elastomeric joint sealant applications in construction such as structural glazing, weatherproofing, and insulating glass fabrication, etc. Each sealant joint requires unique durability functions to perform well through building life cycle. The use of elastomeric joints in bathrooms and kitchens is one area which requires durable sealing. In this application, anti-fungal durability is a primary function of the sealant during the building life cycle. Premature fungus growth on the sealant is a big problem for general contractors as well as for the inhabitants due to costly rework and poor sanitation. Accordingly, when chemists design a sealant, they must take into account various parameters. These not only include formulation components but also the test conditions in order to demonstrate long term fungal durability. This paper reviews several biocide options against various industry standards for fungus resistance performance to suggest making new test methods for the construction sealant industry.
Taiwan in 2014
Authors: Hsieh John Fuh-sheng
Published: March 2015

Taiwan in 2014 was eventful. In the Sunflower Student Movement early in the year, students occupied Parliament for 23 days. In local elections in November, the ruling Kuomintang was dealt a crushing blow by the electorate. President Ma will face more difficulties in the remaining years of his term in office.
Myanmar in 2014
Authors: Than Tin Maung Maung
Published: March 2015

Myanmar saw some progress in efforts at constitutional amendment and ceasefire negotiations, both pressing issues. Attempts to introduce proportional representation failed in the lower house of Parliament. Critics pointed out stalled reforms. The economy achieved high growth, and foreign direct investment increased. Myanmar reveled in its role as ASEAN chair and host for President Obama’s visit.
Thailand in 2014
Authors: Prasirtsuk Kitti
Published: March 2015

Following the massive political demonstration that had shut down most government agencies in Bangkok since the end of 2013, on May 22, 2014, the Thai military launched a coup in an attempt to break the deadlock. Coup leaders vowed to solve the political impasse and reform the country. Several political and economic challenges lie ahead.
Afghanistan in 2014
Authors: Murtazashvili Jennifer Brick
Published: March 2015

Labeled the Year of “Transition,” 2014 was a watershed in modern Afghan history. It marked the first peaceful transition of power in more than a century, when Hamid Karzai handed over authority to Ashraf Ghani on September 29. The transition was not seamless, and the country teetered on the brink of a coup following the June presidential runoff.
China in 2014
Authors: Heberer Thomas
Published: March 2015

In 2014 China’s development was characterized by a search for structural reforms in both domestic and foreign policies. Domestically, focal issues included the fight against corruption, the implementation of reforms of China’s development model, and a tightening of internal (anti-terror) measures. In foreign policy, traditional paradigms are now under scrutiny, and the regional rivalry with the U.S. has intensified.
Early-onset central diabetes insipidus is associated with de novo arginine vasopressin–neurophysin II or Wolfram syndrome 1 gene mutations
Authors: Perrotta Silverio , Di Iorgi Natascia , Ragione Fulvio Della , Scianguetta Saverio , Borriello Adriana , Allegri Anna Elsa Maria , Ferraro Marcella , Santoro Claudia , Napoli Flavia , Calcagno Annalisa , Giaccardi Marta , Cappa Marco , Salerno Maria Carolina , Cozzolino Domenico , Maghnie Mohamad
Published: March 2015

Objective

Idiopathic early-onset central diabetes insipidus (CDI) might be due to mutations of arginine vasopressin–neurophysin II (AVP–NPII (AVP)) or wolframin (WFS1) genes.

Design and methods

Sequencing of AVP and WFS1 genes was performed in nine children with CDI, aged between 9 and 68 months, and negative family history for polyuria and polydipsia.

Results

Two patients carried a mutation in the AVP gene: a heterozygous G-to-T transition at nucleotide position 322 of exon 2 (c.322G>T) resulting in a stop codon at position 108 (p.Glu108X), and a novel deletion from nucleotide 52 to 54 (c.52_54delTCC) producing a deletion of a serine at position 18 (p.Ser18del) of the AVP pre-prohormone signal peptide. A third patient carried two heterozygous mutations in the WFS1 gene localized on different alleles. The first change was A-to-G transition at nucleotide 997 in exon 8 (c.997A>G), resulting in a valine residue at position 333 in place of isoleucine (p.Ile333Val). The second novel mutation was a 3 bp insertion in exon 8, c.2392_2393insACG causing the addition of an aspartate residue at position 797 and the maintenance of the correct open reading frame (p. Asp797_Val798insAsp). While similar WFS1 protein levels were detected in fibroblasts from healthy subjects and from the patient and his parents, a major sensitivity to staurosporine-induced apoptosis was observed in the patient fibroblasts as well as in patients with Wolfram syndrome.

Conclusions

Early-onset CDI is associated with de novo mutations of the AVP gene and with hereditary WFS1 gene changes. These findings have valuable implications for management and genetic counseling.
Analysis of salivary cortisol levels to determine the association between depression level and differences in circadian rhythms of shift‐working nurses
Authors: Baba Michie , Ohkura Mitsuru , Koga Kayoko , Nishiuchi Kyoko , C. Lourdes R. Herrera , Matsuse Ryoichi , Inoue Toshitaka
Published: March 2015

Analysis of salivary cortisol levels to determine the association between depression level and differences in circadian rhythms of shift‐working nurses: Michie Baba, et al. School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University

Objective

The aim of this study was to clarify whether there are differences in the circadian rhythms of shift‐working nurses by assessing depression, fatigue and salivary cortisol levels.

Methods

Forty nurses working in a two‐shift system at “Hospital A”, Fukuoka City, Japan, used a self‐rated depression scale (SDS) to assess their depression levels. Fatigue levels were measured with the visual analogue scale for fatigue (VAS‐F); saliva was collected before and during shifts for three days. Results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

Thirty‐six valid records were obtained, and subjects were classified according to SDS scores into a normal group (NG), moderate group (MG) and severe group (SG). There were no significant differences in the day shift salivary cortisol values of the three groups. However, the night shift salivary cortisol value for the SG was 0.132 μg/dl at 16:00, before starting the shift, and decreased to 0.036 μg/dl at 20:00. It increased slightly up to 0.057 μg/dl by 24:00 and formed a peak between 5:00 and 7:00, with the levels being 0.322 μg/ dl and 0.305 μg/dl respectively. Meanwhile, the NG cortisol value was 0.154 μg/dl before the shift, decreased to 0.034 μg/dl by 20:00, slightly increased up to 0.093 μg/dl by 5:00 and presented its peak value, 0.253 μg/dl, at 7:00 next morning.

Conclusions

SG nurses presented significantly increased salivary cortisol levels early in the morning during night shifts, showing a phase deviation in the circadian rhythm. Because subjective fatigue levels did not differ with time, SG nurses should understand and deal with physical changes in the early morning. This approach may reduce medical accidents and malpractice in the early morning.
Evaluation of DNA damage in lymphocytes of radiology personnel by comet assay
Authors: Khisroon Muhammad , Khan Ajmal , Naseem Maryam , Ali Naheed , Khan Sardar , Rasheed Syed Basit
Published: March 2015

Evaluation of DNA damage in lymphocytes of radiology personnel by comet assay: Muhammad Khisroon, et al. Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

Objective

The importance of X‐rays as a diagnostic medical tool cannot be denied. However, continuous exposure to X‐rays can cause DNA damage. This study aimed to use the comet assay technique to investigate the level of DNA damage in lymphocytes due to X‐rays in occupationally exposed personnel.

Methods

Blood samples were collected from 74 exposed and 70 control subjects for analysis. A total of 100 randomly captured cells from each slide were examined using an epifluorescent microscope. The comets were analyzed by a visual scoring method according to comet tail length.

Results

The results indicated a significant increase (p<0.05) in DNA damage in X‐rays technicians (129.8 ± 17.2) as compared with the control group (53.0 ± 25.0). A significant increase (p<0.02) in DNA damage was also observed with an increase in exposure duration of technicians because of their service length.

Conclusions

The present study suggests that the exposed radiology personnel should carefully comply with radiation protection procedures such as wearing of lead apron during diagnostic procedures and minimize radiation exposure where possible to avoid potential genotoxic effects due to X‐rays.
Is suicidal ideation linked to working hours and shift work in Korea?
Authors: Yoon Chang‐Gyo , Bae Kyu‐Jung , Kang Mo‐Yeol , Yoon Jin‐Ha
Published: March 2015

Is suicidal ideation linked to working hours and shift work in Korea? : Chang‐Gyo Yoon, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine, Armed Forces Medical Command, Republic of Korea

Objective

This study attempted to use the community health survey (CHS) to identify the effect of long working hours (long WHs) and night/shift work on suicidal ideation among the employed population of Korea.

Methods

This study used data from 67,471 subjects who were administered the 2008 CHS which obtained information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors and working environment, using structured questionnaires and personal interviews. We adopted multiple logistic regression models for gender and employment stratification.

Results

Among male employees, suicidal ideation was significantly associated with only moderately long WHs (51−60 hours), after controlling covariates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.07 to 1.57). Self‐employed/male employer populations had higher suicidal ideation when they had moderately long WHs (aOR, 1.23; 95%CI, 1.01 to 1.50) and very long WHs (over 60 hours) (aOR, 1.31; 95%CI, 1.08 to 1.59). Among the female population, suicidal ideation was significantly association with moderately long WHs in the employee group (aOR, 1.31; 95%CI, 1.08 to 1.58) and moderately (aOR, 1.35; 95%CI, 1.08 to 1.69) and very (aOR, 1.33; 95%CI, 1.07 to 1.65) long WHs in the self‐employed/employer group. Shift work was a significant predictor only in the female population in the employee groups (aOR, 1.45; 95%CI, 1.23 to 1.70).

Conclusions

Long WHs and shift work were associated with suicidal ideation when taking into account gender and employment differences. The harmful effects of exceptionally long WHs in Korea, among other Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries, raise concerns about public and occupational health. To address the issue of long WHs, labor policies that reduce maximum working hours and facilitate job stability are needed.
Paroxysmal Postprandial Atrial Fibrilation Suppressed by Laparoscopic Repair of a Giant Paraesophageal Hernia Compressing the Left Atrium
Authors: Cristian Daniel A. , Constantin Alin S. , Barbu Mariana , Spătaru Dan , Burcoș Traean , Grama Florin A.
Published: March 2015

We present the case of a patient with a giant paraesophageal hernia associated with paroxysmal postprandial atrial fibrillation that was suppressed after surgery. The imaging investigations showed the intrathoracic displacement of a large part of the stomach, which pushed the left atrial wall causing atrial fibrillation. The laparoscopic surgical repair acted as sole treatment for this condition.
Right Upper Quadrant Pain in a Young Female
Authors: Renz Nora , Baur Michael , Stickel Felix
Published: March 2015

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Malignancy Presenting as Multiple Lesions in a Cirrhotic Liver: Not Always Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Van der Deure Wendy M. , Lugtenburg Elly P.J. , Dwarkasing Roy S. , Biermann Katharina , Tjwa Eric T.T.L.
Published: March 2015

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Lord of the flies: pollination of Dracula orchids
Authors: Endara Lorena , Grimaldi David , Roy Bitty
Published: March 2015

La forma y el olor de los labelos de las orquídeas del género Dracula se asemejan a hongos, y por mucho tiempo se ha mantenido la hipótesis de que estas orquídeas mimetizan hongos y dípteros con ciclos de vida asociados con los hongos (micófilos) accidentalmente polinizarían estas flores mientras ovopositan. La morfología floral, los polinizadores y mecanismos de polinización fueron estudiados en Dracula lafleurii Luer & Dalström and D. felix (Luer) Luer en un bosque nublado de Ecuador. Estas orquídeas son efectivamente visitadas en su mayoría por moscas micófilas pero son polinizadas únicamente por moscas drosofilidas del género Zygothrica cuyos ciclos de vida están estrechamente asociados con hongos. Estas moscas realizan despliegues de cortejo y apareamiento en las superficies de las flores de Dracula estudiadas y en este proceso también las polinizan, aparentemente sin ovopositar. El mecanismo de polinización de Dracula ocurre cuando los tóraxes de los polinizadores son atrapados por los márgenes incurvados del rostelo, lo cual crea un ángulo entre el escutelo y el abdomen apropiado para la remoción y deposición de los polinios, una característica que hasta ahora no había sido reportada en las orquídeas.
New species of Aa and new combinations in Myrosmodes (Orchidaceae: Cranichidinae) from Bolivia and Peru
Authors: Trujillo Delsy , Vargas Carlos
Published: March 2015

Se describe una nueva especie de Aa del norte del Perú: Aa aurantiaca; la cual tiene las flores de color naranja, siendo éste un color inusual para el género. Se proponen además dos nuevas combinaciones de Myrosmodes: M. inaequalis y M. gymnandra; se presentan ilustraciones y se discuten rasgos diagnósticos de las nuevas especies.
Anatomía foliar de ocho especies de orquídeas epífitas
Authors: Arévalo Rafael , Figueroa Juana , Madriñán Santiago
Published: March 2015

Para contribuir con el conocimiento de las bases vegetativas del epifitismo en Orchidaceae, se desarrolló un estudio de las variaciones anatómicas foliares que pueden presentarse en diferentes tipos de plantas epifitas. Se escogieron cuatro especies que representaran las diferentes categorías de epífitas—epífita de humus (Oncidium abortivum Rchb.f.), epífita de corteza (Epidendrum excisum Lindl.) y epifitas de ramita (Rodriguezia lehmannii Rchb.f. e Hirtzia escobarii Dodson) —, y cuatro especies que crecieran como epífitas y como plantas terrestres—Elleanthus oliganthus (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb.f., Elleanthus purpureus (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f., Pleurothallis cordifolia Rchb.f. & H.Wagener, y Stelis sp. Distintas combinaciones de caracteres xerofíticos propios de plantas adaptadas a crecer en ambientes con baja disponibilidad de recursos hídricos se evidenciaron en todas las especies: mayor desarrollo de células de la epidermis adaxial, engrosamientos de las paredes periclinales de la epidermis, tricomas glandulares, estomas con poro protegido, ocurrencia de hipodermis, haces de células esclerenquimáticas, presencia de diferentes tipos de idioblastos y células esclerenquimáticas rodeando los haces vasculares. Las epífitas de ramita, restringidas a los ejes más pequeños y expuestos de sus hospederos, presentaron varios de estos caracteres.
Conservation of Madagascar’s granite outcrop orchids: the influence of fire and moisture
Authors: Whitman Melissa , Medler Michael , Randriamanindry Jean Jacques , Rabakonandrianina Elisabeth
Published: March 2015

Quelle est la réponse aux perturbations, et la limitation de l’humidité, par des taxons similaires basés sur l’hétérogénéité des micro-site de l’habitat? Pour cette étude nous avons examiné comment la disponibilité de feu et de l’humidité influence la répartition des orchidées endémiques malgaches spécifique des affleurements de granit (inselbergs). Trois ans après le passage du feu, nous avons compare les modes de distribution et l’abondance d’orchidées dans un habitat d’une mosaïque complexe de brûlures, en tenant compte de la densité par rapport à l’intensité des dégâts d’incendie et de la disponibilité de l’humidité. Les espèces du sous- tribu Angraecinae ont été sensibles au feu, mais tolérant à une disponibilité limitée de l’humidité. orchidées Angraecinae avait un modèle uniforme de la distribution influencée par la taille du tapis de végétation. Les espèces de la sous-tribu Habenariae étaient tolérants de feu, mais limitée aux pentes rocheuses humides par des écoulements d’eau. Habenariae ont été randomizes regroupés en masses compactes, influencée par des facteurs non encore identifiés. Les résultats suggèrent l’existence de différentes stratégies de survie des espèces. Il serait inexact de penser que les orchidées voisins sur un substrat de granite aurait la même réponse à des facteurs environnementaux ou de perturbation. orchidées Angraecoid sur les inselbergs sont exposés à des menaces spécifiques et doivent être considérées comme des espèces indicatrices de la conservation est prioritaire à l’avenir.
Mating system and female reproductive success of the endemic, epiphytic Prosthechea aff. karwinskii (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Camacho-Domínguez Ericka , Ávila-Díaz Irene
Published: March 2015

Prosthechea aff. karwinskii (Mart.) Soto Arenas & Salazar (unpublished name) is an endemic Mexican epiphytic orchid with a restricted distribution. It occurs in deciduous oak forests, particularly on Quercus deserticola in the northern portion of Michoacán state. Due to their ornamental uses, this and other orchid species have been heavily collected from their natural populations. Learning about the reproductive biology of this species is important, as we may gain knowledge about the probable repercussions of overcollecting on their genetics and ecology. This will be a useful tool for the management and conservation of the species. The objectives were to 1) study the mating system of P. aff. karwinskii, 2) determine if the species requires an external pollinating agent for sexual reproduction, and 3) evaluate female reproductive success of this species. Exclusions (150) were made before anthesis. Once the flowers opened, we applied four pollination treatments: manual selfing, outcrossing, spontaneous autogamy, and open pollination. We subsequently quantified the production of fruits and viability of the seeds. Preliminary results showed that outcrossing and selfing treatments exhibited statistically higher fruit set than spontaneous autogamy and open pollination treatments, meaning that P. aff. karwinskii has the capability to reproduce via self-pollination. Prosthechea aff. karwinskii is pollinator-dependent for sexual reproduction, taking into account that the spontaneous autogamy treatment showed nil fruit production. Female reproductive success in open pollinated flowers was lower compared to fruit set of hand pollination treatments. This indicates that this species, as other species of tropical orchids, is pollination-limited.
A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pleurothallis, with emphasis on Pleurothallis subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, using nuclear ITS and chloroplast DNA sequencing
Authors: Wilson M. , Belle C. , Dang A. , Hannan P. , Kenyon C. , Low H. , Stayton T. , Woolley M.
Published: March 2015

Several revisions of the genus Pleurothallis have been proposed. Luer has proposed that Pleurothallis species in subgenus Scopula be segregated into the genera Colombiana and Ancipitia. Szlachetko and Margonska (2001) proposed the genus Zosterophyllanthos for Pleurothallis subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae. As an alternative, Luer (2005) proposed the genus Acronia by uniting Pleurothallis subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae with subsections Acroniae and Amphygiae. The molecular phylogenetic studies by Pridgeon and Chase (2001), however, suggested that these taxonomic revisions might not be justified. We report here a more detailed phylogenetic analysis of the genus Pleurothallis, with emphasis on subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, with data primarily from nuclear ITS sequencing, supplemented with preliminary data from plastid DNA (rpoB2, rpoC1, and ycf1) sequencing. Some initial, tentative conclusions can be drawn. In the strict consensus maximum-parsimony tree of ITS data, many of the clades collapse, leaving a polytomy with a single, highly supported node that tentatively could be used to delimit the genus Pleurothallis. Such a tree would argue for an expanded concept of the genus Pleurothallis, in which the groups Ancipitia, Colombiana, and Acronia/Zosterophyllanthos, if shown to be monophyletic, are relegated to subgenera.
Phylogenetic analysis of the Andean genus Brachycladium Luer (syn. Oreophilus Higgins & Archila) and closely related genera based on nuclear ITS sequencing
Authors: Wilson Mark , Jost Lou
Published: March 2015

We previously reported that nrITS sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed at least four cryptic species within Brachycladium nummularium (syn. Oreophilus nummularius). Sequencing of additional species in the genus revealed two major clades within Brachycladium, the “nummularium”-complex plus B. stalactites and Luer’s section Amplectentes. Since the relationship of Brachycladium to Andinia had been noted earlier, a number of Andinia species were also included. Two clades were observed, a clade containing A. lappacea, A. pensilis, and A. vestigipetala that was closely related to Brachycladium and a second, more distantly related clade containing A. dalstroemii, A. pogonion, and A. schizopogon. Samples of two additional genera, Masdevalliantha Szlachetko & Margonska and Xenosia Luer, were included in the analysis based upon morphological similarity to Andinia. These two genera formed a clade that was sister to both Brachycladium and Andinia. Only the node subtending clades of all four genera had a high level of bootstrap support, whereas nodes subtending clades of Brachycladium plus Andinia, or Brachycladium alone, had much lower support. If future chloroplast sequencing produces phylogenies congruent with nrITS, this would indicate that Andinia, Brachycladium (syn. Oreophilus), Masdevalliantha, and Xenosia should all be placed in the same genus.
Encyclia × nizanburyi (Orchidaceae) un nuevo híbrido natural del Istmo de Tehuantepec, México
Authors: Pérez-García Eduardo , Hágsater Eric
Published: March 2015

Se describe e ilustra Encyclia × nizanburyi, una notoespecie nueva la cual sólo se conoce de la región de Nizanda, en la vertiente del Pacífico del Istmo de Tehuantepec, en el estado de Oaxaca, México. Se discute el posible origen híbrido de este nuevo taxón y se le compara con sus progenitores hipotéticos: Encyclia nizandensis y Encyclia hanburyi.
Spontaneous order and social norms. Hayek’s theory of socio-cultural evolution
Authors: Gedeon Péter
Published: March 2015

Hayek’s theory of socio-cultural evolution is a generalization of his theory on spontaneous market order. Hayek explains both the emergence of market and social institutions serving as a social basis for that order within the framework of a unified evolutionary logic. This logic interprets the emergence and survival of spontaneous order and group-level rules of conduct as an unintended consequence of human action. In order to explain the emergence of social norms exclusively on the basis of methodological individualism, one would have to give up an exclusively evolutionary explanation of these norms. Since Hayek applies the invisible-hand explanation to the investigation of social norms, he combines the position of methodological individualism with functionalist-evolutionary arguments in his analysis. Hayek’s theory of socio-cultural evolution represents a theory in the framework of which methodological individualism and functionalism do not crowd out but complement each other.
Basel III: Rethinking liquidity and leverage
Authors: Isépy Tamás
Published: March 2015

The paper focuses on important topics of the new banking regulation Basel III: leverage and liquidity. Using linear regression, I analysed the long term liquidity, leverage ratios and profitability of banks in the 12 emerging market new EU members and developed, old member countries between 2008 and 2010. I point out that in the EU12 there was a negative relationship between profits and interbank market dependence in 2010, while positive correlation existed between profits and funding base stability ratio. In the case of EU15 there was a negative correlation between solvency and profitability in 2008, while the relationship is positive between capital quality (more tier 1 capital) and profitability. Furthermore, I have tested the Myers-Majluf theory with monthly aggregated equity issue and the Dow Jones financial institutions index changes relating to the eurozone between 1990 and 2011. According to this theory, equity issue leads to lower equity prices. I point out that on an aggregated level (the eurozone) the theory cannot be proved. The Myers-Majluf theory is particularly important in the process of banking recapitalisation, since it dictates slower banking capitalisation. From the perspective of a macroprudential policy, capital increase would be more beneficial than asset decrease.
The material point method for unsaturated soils
Authors: Yerro A. , Alonso E.E. , Pinyol N.M.
Published: March 2015

The paper describes a three-phase single-point material point method formulation of coupled flow (water and air) for hydro-mechanical analysis of geotechnical problems involving unsaturated soils. The governing balance and dynamic momentum equations are discretised and adapted to material point method characteristics: an Eulerian computational mesh and a Lagrangian analysis of material points. General mathematical expressions for the terms of the set of governing equations are given. A suction-dependent elastoplastic Mohr–Coulomb model, expressed in terms of net stress and suction variables is implemented. The instability of a slope subjected to rain infiltration, inspired from a real case, is solved and discussed. The model shows the development of the initial failure surface in a region of deviatoric strain localisation, the evolution of stress and suction states in some characteristic locations, the progressive large strain deformation of the slope and the dynamics of the motion characterised by the history of displacement, velocity and acceleration of the unstable mass.
On the choice of force fields for studying the molecular dynamics of ion peptides and their dimers
Authors: Danilkovich A.V. , Tikhonov D.A. , Sobolev E.V. , Shadrina T.E. , Udovichenko I.P.
Published: March 2015

The paper presents comparative data on the impact of force-fields AMBER (ff03, ff99SB, and ff96) on the results of molecular dynamics experiments with dimeric molecules formed by ion-peptide NH2-(RADA)4-COOH in the β-conformation at two temperatures (300K and 320K). It is shown that an MD simulation in explicit water environment is the most informative approach. The use of different force-fields has a significant influence on the stability of the initial molecular conformation of the peptide over time. Finally, the simulation in ff99SB environment provides significant stability of antiparallel β-structure of the dimer at 300K, while ff96 not only ensures the highest stability of the initial b-peptide conformation at higher temperatures, but also enhances the retention of antiparallel β-conformation, which determines the ability of NH2-(RADA)4-COOH peptides to self-organization.
The High Price of Obesity in Nursing Homes
Authors: Marihart Cindy L. , Brunt Ardith R. , Geraci Angela A.
Published: March 2015

This article provides a commentary on the costs of obese nursing home patients. We conducted a comprehensive literature search, which found 46 relevant articles on obesity in older adults and effects on nursing home facilities. This review indicated obesity is increasing globally for all age groups and older adults are facing increased challenges with chronic diseases associated with obesity more than ever before. With medical advances comes greater life expectancy, but obese adults often experience more disabilities, which require nursing home care. In the United States, the prevalence of obesity in adults aged 60 years and older increased from 9.9 million (23.6%) to 22.2 million (37.0%) in 2010. Obese older adults are twice as likely to be admitted to a nursing home. Many obese adults have comorbidities such as Type 2 diabetes; patients with diabetes incurred 1 in every 4 nursing home days. Besides the costs of early entrance into nursing facilities, caring for obese residents is different than caring for nonobese residents. Obese residents have more care needs for additional equipment, supplies, and staff costs. Unlike emergency rooms and hospitals, nursing homes do not have federal requirements that require them to serve all patients. Currently, some nursing homes are not prepared to deal with very obese patients. This is a public health concern because there are more obese people than ever in history before and the future appears to have even a heavier generation moving forward. Policymakers need to become aware of this serious gap in nursing home care.
Outcomes of the Maryland Person-Centered Hospital Discharge Program: A Pilot Targeting Decreasing Long-Term Care Use and Hospital Readmissions
Authors: Carew Allison Payne , Resnick Barbara
Published: March 2015

The Person-Centered Hospital Discharge Program (PCHDP) was offered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services as a way to improve care to Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries in Maryland. The PCHDP used a care nurse/coordinator to facilitate the successful transition of patients at risk for becoming eligible for Medicaid. The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes of the PCHDP pilot, explore factors that influenced hospital and long-term care admissions following hospital discharge, and obtain operational data to develop new programs with related objectives. Area Agencies on Aging were provided with a care coordinator who obtained patient data, developed an individualized care plan, and determined visit frequency and length of services. Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to examine differences between those hospitalized or admitted to a skilled nursing facility during the follow-up period. The sample consisted of 359 at-risk patients, and the mean length of follow-up was approximately two months. Most patients did not go to the emergency room (N = 319, 88%) during the period of follow-up and were not admitted to an acute care setting (N = 301, 84%) or skilled nursing home (N = 322, 86%). Those who were rehospitalized were slightly younger and had more visits from the care coordinator. We anticipate that the care coordinators identified individuals at greatest need for follow-up and support. Future research should explore ways in which these care coordinators can intervene to prevent hospital readmission and long-term nursing home care.
The Utility of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Matrix Metalloproteinase‐8 Response Patterns in Prediction of Site‐Level Clinical Treatment Outcome
Authors: Leppilahti Jussi M. , Sorsa Timo , Kallio Mikko A. , Tervahartiala Taina , Emingil Gülnur , Han Buket , Mäntylä Päivi
Published: March 2015

Background: Different gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 response patterns were studied among non‐smoking and smoking patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) to test the utility of GCF MMP‐8 levels predicting the site‐level treatment outcome.

Methods: Data from four independent longitudinal studies were combined. Altogether, the studies included 158 periodontal sites from 67 patients with CP and 32 patients with GAgP, and GCF samples were collected at baseline, after the treatment, and during the 6‐month maintenance period. All GCF samples were analyzed by immunofluorometric assay for MMP‐8. Different site‐level MMP‐8 response patterns were explored by the cluster analysis. Most optimal MMP‐8 cutoff levels were searched with receiver operating characteristic analyses, and the predictive utility of defined levels was tested.

Results: Distinct types of MMP‐8 response patterns were found in both smokers and non‐smokers. MMP‐8 levels exceeding the optimal cutoff levels separately defined for smokers and non‐smokers indicated increased risk for compromised treatment outcome at baseline and during the maintenance period. Seventy‐one percent of non‐smokers (positive likelihood ratio of 4.22) and 88% of smokers (positive likelihood ratio of 5.00) with positive test results at both baseline and the maintenance period had compromised treatment outcome. The double‐positive result indicated 46% and 39% point risk increase for the compromised outcome, respectively.

Conclusion: GCF MMP‐8 analysis with defined cutoff levels could be used to predict the site‐level treatment outcome and for longitudinal monitoring of the disease status during the maintenance period.
The Influence of Triclosan on Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients in the Cardiovascular and Periodontal Study (CAPS): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cullinan Mary P. , Palmer Janet E. , Faddy Malcolm J. , Westerman Bill , Carle Anne D. , West Malcolm J. , Seymour Gregory J.
Published: March 2015

Background: Triclosan toothpaste is effective in controlling plaque and gingivitis and slowing progression of periodontitis; however, its influence on inflammatory biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as on kidney and liver function, is unknown.

Methods: Patients recruited from the Cardiovascular Unit at Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, were randomized to triclosan (n = 193) or placebo (n = 190) groups and assessed for total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hemoglobin, total white cell count (WCC), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and liver function enzymes, annually for 5 years. A standard mixed model for each marker included group, sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, periodontal status, statin and anti‐inflammatory drug use, and smoking as covariates. Changes in eGFR, WCC, and ESR were further analyzed using transition modeling.

Results: Triclosan toothpaste led to a greater decrease in TC (P = 0.03), LDL cholesterol (P = 0.04), and HDL cholesterol (P = 0.05) than placebo toothpaste. ESR increased at a slower rate in the triclosan group (P ≈ 0.06) and was less likely to increase and more likely to improve in males on statins but not anti‐inflammatory drugs in the triclosan group versus the placebo group. Markov modeling of the binary response for eGFR (greater than or less than/equal to the baseline median value) showed that patients with diabetes in the placebo group were significantly (P ≈ 0.05) more likely to deteriorate than either patients with diabetes in the triclosan group or patients without diabetes in each group.

Conclusions: These data suggest that triclosan toothpaste may influence some inflammatory biomarkers of CVD, but not kidney or liver function. However, it is unclear if this influence is clinically significant.
In vitro chemoprotective and anticancer activities of propolis in human lymphocytes and breast cancer cells
Authors: Milosevic-Djordjevic Olivera , Grujicic Darko , Radovic Marina , Vukovic Nenad , Zizic Jovana , Markovic Snezana
Published: March 2015

Propolis has been used in folk medicine for centuries due to its healing
properties. Ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) are rich sources of phenolic
acid and flavonoids. Natural phenolic compounds may exert chemoprotective
activity in cancer cells due to their ability to scavenge free radicals. The
aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the genotoxic and
anti-mutagenic effects of the EEP on human peripheral blood lymphocytes
(PBLs) and their cytotoxic potential on the human breast cancer cell line
(MDA-MB-231 cells). Both cell cultures were treated with six concentrations
(1, 10, 50, 100, 250 and 500 ?g/ml) of EEP1 and EEP2, separately and in
combination with mitomycin C (MMC). Our results show that the EEP1 and EEP2
samples of propolis after separate and combined treatments with MMC did not
influence the nuclear division index (NDI). In the combined treatment, both
tested EEPs significantly reduced MMC-induced micronuclei (MN) in PBLs. At 48
h after exposure of the MDA-MB-231 cell line to a combined treatment of EEP
samples with MMC, the IC50 values were significantly reduced (23.79 and 19.13
?g/ml, for EEP1+MMC and EEP2+MMC, respectively, in comparison to the single
treatment. In conclusion, the tested ethanolic extracts of propolis exhibited
a certain level of in vitro antimutagenic activity in PBLs from healthy
subjects, and anticancer activity in breast cancer cell line. The presented
findings suggest that the ethanolic extracts of propolis show potential in
anticancer therapeutic strategy.
Cavernous malformations of the brain stem - the clinical features and surgical approaches
Authors: Janicijevic Aleksandar , Repac Nikola , Nikolic Igor , Djoric Igor , Scepanovic Vuk , Janicijevic Vladimir , Tasic Goran
Published: March 2015

Introduction. Cavernous malformations localized in the brain stem are
considered as a separate entity in relation to other intracranial cavernoma.
Clinical presentation is specific in terms of focal neurologic deficit, they
show aggressive biological behavior and unfavorable clinical course, whereas
localization in the brain stem naturally represents the largest surgical
problem and challenge and significantly higher operational risk. Results. We
report a series of 10 patients with brainstem cavernoma, operated at the
Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia in the period of
2008-2012. In cavernous lesions of the dorsal pons and upper cerebellar
peduncul we used the approach through the fourth ventricule, in the laterally
localized pontine cavernoma we used the cerebellopontine angle approach, in
the cavernoma localized in the central midbrain tegmental area was used
supreacerebellar infratentorially approach. Conclusion. Surgical removal of
the brainstem cavernoma is absolutely expedient both from the standpoint of
preventing recurrent and debilitating hemorrhage and in terms of recovery of
neurologic deficit. In patients with disturbed vital functions, the
evacuation of the hematoma and removal of the malformation eliminate
compression of effects on vital structures of the brain stem.
Performance Target Levels and Effort: Reciprocity across Single- and Repeated-Interaction Settings
Authors: Fisher Joseph G. , Peffer Sean A. , Sprinkle Geoffrey B. , Williamson Michael G.
Published: March 2015

We examine how reciprocity affects the relation between performance target levels and effort across single- and repeated-interaction settings. Using a laboratory experiment where participants make choices from a payoff matrix representing target and effort levels, we model a setting where employee-participants have economic incentives to respond to higher target assignments by superior-participants with higher effort. However, reciprocity could lead employees to reward low target assignments with high effort and punish high target assignments with low effort. In a single-interaction setting where only innate preferences can drive reciprocal behavior, we find that superiors select higher targets and that employees generally respond with higher effort. In a repeated-interaction setting where reciprocal behavior can emerge for strategic reasons, we find that superiors set lower targets and that employees generally respond to low targets with high effort and to high targets with low effort. Collectively, our results suggest that reciprocity plays a limited role in affecting target and effort levels in a single-interaction setting. Rather, reciprocity appears to emerge for more strategic reasons brought on by repeated interactions. As most work relationships extend over multiple periods, our results may help explain why organizations tend to set readily achievable performance targets.
Performance of Zebu Heifers under Heat Mitigation Measures in a Humid-Tropical Environment
Authors: Olorunnisomo Olusola Adeyanju , Akinpelu Wasiu Abiodun , Oni Ayodeji Ayotunde
Published: March 2015

Productivity of bovine species is drastically reduced when the animals are subjected to heat stress as often occurs in tropical regions. Although zebu cattle are considered to be heat tolerant, their productivity could improve when cooling measures are applied to mitigate the effects of heat stress. In this study, twenty four Sokoto Gudali heifers under mean ambient temperature of 27.4 ­°C and temperature humidity index (THI) of 78 were subjected to four cooling treatments: no cooling (control), fan, shower and shower with fan. Rectal temperature of heifers reduced from 39.3 °C (in the afternoon) to 39.2, 38.5, 38.5 and 38.0 °C for control, fan, shower and shower with fan, respectively, one hour after administration of treatments. Dry matter intake (DMI) and growth rate of heifers increased significantly (P < 0.05) when cooling measures were applied. DMI of heifers varied from 2.08 to 3.78% of body weight (BW) while average daily gain (ADG) varied from 0.38 to 0.86 kg/d with cooled animals having the higher values. Application of cooling measures significantly improved the performance of zebu heifers raised in a hot and humid environment.
Rice Marketing as a Means of Poverty Alleviation in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwatoyin Olorunsanya Eniola , Utsunu Ugbong Josephine
Published: March 2015

This study examined rice marketing as a means of poverty alleviation in Niger State, North Central Nigeria. Ninety-eight representative rice marketers’ households were used for the study. Descriptive statistics, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke poverty measures as well as logistic regression model were used as the analytical tools for the study. The result of the descriptive statistics shows that forty-nine percent of the rice marketers have no western education and majority of the rice marketers’ households used open spaces for defecation. The result of the poverty profile shows that all the representative households were poor using 1.25 dollar a day poverty benchmark and only 32 percent were poor using the estimated relative poverty benchmark of N 1,894.2 per capita. The result of the logistic regression model shows the following factors influenced the poverty status of the rice marketers’ households in the study area. These are age and gender of the rice marketers, household size, other sources of income, marital status of the rice marketers and their educational status. The study recommends manageable household size as well as improved level of education for members of the rice marketers’ households for poverty reduction in the study area.
An Andean Ancient Crop, Chenopodium quinoa Willd: A Review
Authors: Tuisima Coral Lady Laura , Fernández Cusimamani Eloy
Published: March 2015

Chenopodium quinoa Willd., is the oldest pseudocereal native from the Andean Region from 20° N in Columbia to 40°S in Chile, it grows from sea level to an altitude of 3 800 m, adapted to several agroclimates and abiotic stress. Quinoa is an annual plant that reaches a height of 0.2 to 3.0 m, it can display a variety of colours from the leaves and inflorescences. Quinoa seeds present a rich source of a variety of minerals, vitamins and higher contents of most essential amino acids, especially lysine which reveals its potential for a valuable ingredient in the preparation of highly nutritious food and also its nutraceutical properties. The high genetic variability and premises properties of quinoa make it potential to be grown worldwide, even it has been declared “The International Year of the Quinoa” (IYQ) by the United Nations in the year 2013.
Comparison of Two-Phase Pressure Drop Models for Condensing Flows in Horizontal Tubes
Authors: Filip Alina , Băltăreţu Florin , Damian Radu-Mircea
Published: March 2015

An important parameter in the hydraulic design of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems is the two-phase flow pressure drop. In this paper, the authors compare the numerical results obtained by using seven two-phase pressure-drop models with the experimental results found in the scientific literature, for the condensation of R600a and R717 (Ammonia = NH3) in horizontal tubes. Different mass flow rates and different conditions have been considered in order to see which correlation is applicable under specific operation conditions.