bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rap2AIs Upregulated in Invasive Cells Dissected from Follicular Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Prabakaran Indira , Grau Jillian R. , Lewis Robert , Fraker Douglas L. , Guvakova Marina A.
Published: October 2011

The development of molecular biomarkers (BMs) of follicular thyroid carcinoma is aimed at advancing diagnosis of follicular neoplasm, as histological examination of those tumors does not lend itself to definitive diagnosis of carcinoma. We assessed the relative levels of expression of 6 genes:CCND2, PCSK2, PLAB, RAP2A, TSHR, and IGF-1Rin archived thyroid tissue. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed a significant change in 3 genes:PSCK2(a 22.4-fold decrease, ),PLAB(an 8.3-fold increase, ), andRAP2A(a 6.3-fold increase, ) in carcinoma compared with adenoma. Expression ofPCSK2was equally low,PLABwas equally high, whereasRAP2Aexpression was significantly higher (25.9-fold, ) in microdissected carcinoma cells that have invaded through the thyroid capsule and entered blood vessels than in thyroid tumor cells growing under the capsule. Thus,RAP2Aappeared as a unique and worthy of further evaluation candidate BM associated with invasion of thyroid follicular cells.
Quantum-well thickness dependence of spin polarization of excitons
Authors: Miah M. Idrish
Published: October 2011

The optical orientation of exciton spins in semiconductor quantum wells (SQWs) was investigated by observing the circular polarization of the photoluminescence (PL). The left/right circularly polarized PL in SQWs was measured. It was found that there is a difference between the two different polarization conditions, which is caused by spin-dependent phase-space filling. The PL polarization was estimated from the signals of the left and right circularly polarized PL and was found to depend on the well thickness of SQWs as well as on the sample temperature. The influence of an electric field on the PL polarization was studied.
Bioremediation of Benzophenone by Glycosylation with Immobilized Marine Microalga Chrysocampanulla spinifera and Amphidinium crassum
Authors: Shimoda Kei , Uchimura Yushi , Imai Hiroya , Kitagawa Megumi , Hirano Hirotaka , Hamada Hatsuyuki , Hamada Hiroki
Published: October 2011

Reduction and glycosylation of benzophenone, which is an endocrine disrupting chemical, were investigated using immobilized marine microalga and plant cells from the viewpoint of bioremediation of benzophenone. Immobilized marine microalga of Chrysocampanulla spinifera reduced benzophenone to diphenylmethanol. Immobilized marine microalga of Amphidinium crassum glucosylated diphenylmethanol to the corresponding glucoside. The sequential biotransformation with C. spinifera and A. crassum effectively converted benzophenone into diphenylmethyl glucoside. On the other hand, immobilized plant cells of Catharanthus roseus transformed benzophenone to diphenylmethanol, diphenylmethyl glucoside, and diphenylmethyl primeveroside, which was a new compound, by one-step biotransformation.
Easy XML Serialization of C# and Java Objects
Authors: Jaimez-Gonzalez Carlos R. , Lucas Simon M. , Lopez-Ornelas Erick J.
Published: October 2011

Object serialization is the process of rendering an object into a state that can be stored persistently. Serializing objects to XML brings many advantages over binary encoding because XML is human and computer readable, and it also aims to have better interoperability between different programming languages. This paper presents Web Objects in XML (WOX), an efficient and easy to use XML serializer for C# and Java objects. It allows to serialize Java objects to XML, de-serialize them to C#, and viceversa. Our serialization approach does not need code annotations or any other type of configuration from the user in order to serialize objects. The XML encoding used in our WOX serializer can represent objects in other object-oriented programming languages. We describe the main features and uses of the WOX serializer, its implementation, and the XML representation generated along with some examples.
Visualization of concurrent markup
Authors: Jettka Daniel , Stührenberg Maik
Published: October 2011

The present paper deals with the visualization of concurrent markup. An initial discussion of the underlying model of XML instances demonstrates that valid XML exceeds the expressive power of trees. While some challenging features of concurrent markup, like overlaps, can be captured by minimally extended trees, there are other phenomena which can be adequately expressed in XML using constructs which instantiate advanced graph structures (e.g. discontinuous elements or repetitive structures).

On the basis of two representation formats for concurrent markup, XStandoff and xLMNL, two distinct approaches towards its visualization are presented. The first method has been implemented in XSLT as an SVG-based 2D visualization strategy. Although it can be shown that this first approach provides an adequate (though not optimal) solution to overlapping structures, it is not capable of illustrating enhanced graph-based phenomena like the ones mentioned above. Therefore, some remarks about possible 3D visualizations are made which show how the adding of another dimension could contribute to the appropriately expressive visualization of concurrent markup. In addition, a prototypic implementation based on XSLT and X3D is discussed as first step towards a three-dimensional illustration.
DITA Document Types: Enabling Blind Interchange Through Modular Vocabularies and Controlled Extension
Authors: Kimber Eliot
Published: October 2011

Interchange of XML documents depends in large part on the use of "compatible" vocabularies of element types and attributes, where "compatible" means "understandable and processable by all parties involved in the interchange". The traditional SGML and XML approach to interchange used "interchange" document types that defined a fixed set of element types and attributes to which all interchange parties agreed. History has demonstrated conclusively that this approach does not work. The DITA standard, which is expressly designed to enable blind interchange of DITA documents over the wisest possible scope, avoids this failure by turning the problem around. Rather than making the unit of vocabulary definition the document type and then allow unconstrained extension to it, it makes the units of vocabulary definition invariant modules which are combined by documents to form complete document types. Extension is allowed through two controlled facilities: constraint modules and specialization. The constraint and specialization facilities serve to ensure two preconditions for blind interchange: (1) All DITA documents are inherently and reliably processable to some degree by all general-purpose DITA processors irrespective of the markup details and (2) non-general-purpose DITA processors can quickly determine, from document instances alone, whether or not a given document may contain elements and attributes it does not know how to process. It is this aspect of DITA that distinguishes it from all other XML applications and in particular from traditional "interchange" document types based on monolithic DTDs that allow unconstrained (and unconstrainable) extension and customization. This paper presents the details of the DITA vocabulary and constraint module system and how that mechanism serves to ensure smooth and reliable blind interchange of documents. It makes the argument that the DITA vocabulary module and constraint approach, if not the DITA-specific implementation details, could be applied to any markup application domain and thus to any tag set.
Opening up and closing down
Authors: Sperberg-McQueen C. M.
Published: October 2011

Negotiating tradeoffs of flexibility and reliability, freshness and permanence.
Serendipity
Authors: Usdin B. Tommie
Published: October 2011

Conferences are ostensibly structured around presentations, papers, and posters; and these are key to the success of any conference. By common agreement, the informal aspects of conferences — lunch, coffee breaks, and overheard conversations — are of lesser importance. Balisage produces persistent electronic proceedings, but the conference itself is face to face only. It is human interaction and serendipity that provide the most valuable, You are likely to attend both presentations you know yourself to be interested in and talks on topics you know little about. You may expand your areas of interest; you may learn something useful. A talk about a topic totally foreign to you may prompt you to think of a solution to one of your current problems or a new approach to a long-standing problem. With luck, you will also make a few new friends, connect with some old ones, make a helpful suggestion to a fellow participant, and have some fun in Montreal.
XQuery Injection
Authors: van der Vlist Eric
Published: October 2011

We all know (and worry) about SQL injection, but should we also worry about XQuery injection?

With the power of extension functions and the implementation of XQuery update features, the answer is clearly yes! We will see how an attacker can send information to an external site or erase a collection through XQuery injection on a naive and unprotected application using the eXist-db REST API.

That's the bad news...

The good news is that it's quite easy to protect your application from XQuery injection after this word of warning. We'll discuss a number of simple techniques (literal string escaping, wrapping values into elements or moving them out of queries in HTTP parameters) and see how to implement them in different environments covering traditional programming languages, XSLT, XForms and pipeline languages.
Time-resolved measurements of black carbon light absorption enhancement in urban and near-urban locations of southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Chan T. W. , Brook J. R. , Smallwood G. J. , Lu G.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. In this study a photoacoustic spectrometer (PA), a laser-induced incandescence instrument system (LII) and an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer were operated in parallel for in-situ measurements of black carbon (BC) light absorption enhancement. Results of a thermodenuder experiment using ambient particles in Toronto are presented first to show that LII measurements of BC are not influenced by the presence of non-refractory material thus providing true atmospheric BC mass concentrations. In contrast, the PA response is enhanced when the non-refractory material is internally mixed with the BC particles. Through concurrent measurements using the LII and PA the specific absorption cross-section (SAC) can be quantified with high time resolution (1 min). Comparisons of ambient PA and LII measurements from four different locations (suburban Toronto; a street canyon with diesel bus traffic in Ottawa; adjacent to a commuter highway in Ottawa and; regional background air in and around Windsor, Ontario), show that different impacts from emission sources and/or atmospheric processes result in different particle light absorption enhancements and hence variations in the SAC. The diversity of measurements obtained, including those with the thermodenuder, demonstrated that it is possible to identify measurements where the presence of externally-mixed non-refractory particles obscures direct observation of the effect of coating material on the SAC, thus allowing this effect to be measured with more confidence. Depending upon the time and location of measurement (urban, rural, close to and within a lake breeze frontal zone), 30 min average SAC varies between 9 ± 2 and 43 ± 4 m2 g−1. Causes of this variation, which were determined through the use of meteorological and gaseous measurements (CO, SO2, O3), include the particle emission source, airmass source region, the degree of atmospheric processing. Observations from this study also show that the active surface area of the BC aggregate, which is measured by the LII as the PPS, is an important parameter for inferring the degree of particle collapse of a BC particle. In addition, PPS could be a useful measurement for indicating the importance of recently emitted BC (e.g. from gasoline or diesel engines) relative to the total measured BC in the atmosphere.
Effect of isoprene emissions from major forests on ozone formation in the city of Shanghai, China
Authors: Geng F. , Tie X. , Guenther A. , Li G. , Cao J. , Harley P.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Ambient surface level concentrations of isoprene (C5H8) were measured in the major forest regions located south of Shanghai, China. Because there is a large coverage of broad-leaved trees in this region, high concentrations of isoprene were measured, ranging from 1 to 6 ppbv. A regional dynamical/chemical model (WRF-Chem) is applied for studying the effect of such high concentrations of isoprene on the ozone production in the city of Shanghai. The evaluation of the model shows that the calculated isoprene concentrations agree with the measured concentrations when the measured isoprene concentrations are lower than 3 ppb, but underestimate the measurements when the measured values are higher than 3 ppb. Isoprene was underestimated only at sampling sites near large bamboo plantations, a high isoprene source, indicating the need to include geospatially resolved bamboo distributions in the biogenic emission model. The assessment of the impact of isoprene on ozone formation suggests that the concentrations of peroxy radicals (RO2) are significantly enhanced due to the oxidation of isoprene, with a maximum of 30 ppt. However, the enhancement of RO2 is confined to the forested regions. Because the concentrations of NOx were low in the forest regions, the ozone production due to the oxidation of isoprene (C5H8 + OH → → RO2 + NO → → O3) is low (less than 2–3 ppb h−1). The calculation further suggests that the oxidation of isoprene leads to the enhancement of carbonyls (such as formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) in the regions downwind of the forests, due to continuous oxidation of isoprene in the forest air. As a result, the concentrations of HO2 radical are enhanced, resulting from the photo-disassociation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Because the enhancement of HO2 radical occurs in regions downwind of the forests, the enhancement of ozone production (6–8 ppb h−1) is higher than in the forest region, causing by higher anthropogenic emissions of NOx. This study suggests that the biogenic emissions in the major forests to the south of Shanghai have important impacts on the levels of ozone in the city, mainly due to the carbonyls produced by the continuous oxidation of isoprene in the forest air.
Modelling the partitioning of ammonium nitrate in the convective boundary layer
Authors: Aan de Brugh J. M. J. , Henzing J. S. , Schaap M. , Morgan W. T. , Coe H. , Krol M. C.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. An explanatory model study is presented on semi-volatile secondary inorganic aerosols on three clear days in May 2008 during the IMPACT campaign at the Cabauw tower in the Netherlands. A single column model in combination with the equilibrium aerosol model ISORROPIA is used. This model uses surface observations from IMPACT and calculates the gas-aerosol partitioning of ammonium nitrate. The calculated gas-aerosol equilibrium overestimates the gas phase fraction during daytime, and overestimates the aerosol phase fraction during night-time. This discrepancy can partly be solved when the approach of the gas-aerosol equilibrium is forced to proceed with a delay timescale of up to two hours. Although it is shown that the delay itself has a small effect, the most important effect is caused by the mixing of air from higher altitudes at which the equilibrium is shifted to the aerosol phase. Thus, vertical mixing is shown to have a significant influence on the calculated partitioning at the surface. In some occasions, the correspondence to the observed partitioning improves dramatically. Even though gas-aerosol partitioning of ammonium nitrate is not instantaneous, observations show that a different equilibrium in the upper boundary layer causes aerosol ammonium nitrate concentrations to increase with altitude. Our model calculates similar vertical gradients depending on the assumed speed of gas-aerosol equilibrium. The calculated optical properties of the aerosol show a similar behaviour. The aerosol optical properties depend on the aerosol size distribution both directly, because light scattering depends on particle size, and indirectly, because the equilibration timescale depends on the aerosol sizes. Future studies should therefore focus on a fully size-resolved treatment of the gas-aerosol partitioning. Finally, coarser-resolution models may treat the gas-aerosol equilibrium of ammonium nitrate by calculating the equilibrium with a temperature and humidity sampled at a different altitude. We found that the equilibrium at an altitude of 200 m (night) up to 600 m (day) is representative for the partitioning of ammonium nitrate at the surface in the beginning of May 2008.
Analysis of GPS radio occultation data from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and Metop/GRAS missions at CDAAC
Authors: Schreiner W. , Sokolovskiy S. , Hunt D. , Rocken C. , Kuo Y.-H.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. This study investigates the noise level and mission-to-mission stability of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) neutral atmospheric bending angle data at the UCAR COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC). Data are used from two independently developed RO instruments currently flying in orbit on the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3C) and Metop/GRAS (GNSS Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding) missions. The F3C 50 Hz RO data are post-processed with a single-difference excess atmospheric phase algorithm, and the Metop/GRAS 50 Hz closed loop and raw sampling (down-sampled from 1000 Hz to 50 Hz) data are processed with a zero-difference algorithm. The standard deviations of the F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angles from climatology between 60 and 80 km altitude from June–December 2009 are approximately 1.78 and 1.13 μrad, respectively. The F3C standard deviation reduces significantly to 1.44 μrad when single-difference processing uses GPS satellites on the same side of the spacecraft. The higher noise level for F3C bending angles can be explained by additional noise from the reference link phase data that are required with single-difference processing. The F3C and Metop/GRAS mean bending angles differences relative to climatology during the same six month period are statistically significant and have values of −0.05 and −0.02 μrad, respectively. A comparison of ~13 500 collocated F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angle profiles over this six month period shows a similar mean difference of ~0.02 ± 0.02 μrad between 30 and 60 km impact heights that is marginally significant. The observed mean difference between the F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angles of ~0.02–0.03 μrad is quite small and illustrates the high degree of re-produceability and mission independence of the GPS RO data at high altitudes. Collocated bending angles between two F3C satellites from early in the mission differ on average by up to 0.5% near the surface due to systematically lower signal-to-noise ratio for one of the satellites. Results from F3C and Metop/GRAS differences in the lower troposphere suggest the Metop/GRAS bending angles are negatively biased compared to F3C with a maximum of several percents near the surface in tropical regions. This bias is related to different tracking depths (deeper in F3C) and data gaps in Metop/GRAS which make it impossible to process the data from both missions in exactly the same way.
Tracking of urban aerosols using combined lidar-based remote sensing and ground-based measurements
Authors: He T.-Y. , Stanič S. , Gao F. , Bergant K. , Veberič D. , Song X.-Q. , Dolžan A.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. A measuring campaign was performed over the neighboring towns of Nova Gorica in Slovenia and Gorizia in Italy on 24 and 25 May 2010, to investigate the concentration and distribution of urban aerosols. Tracking of two-dimensional spatial and temporal aerosol distributions was performed using scanning elastic lidar operating at 1064 nm. In addition, PM10 concentrations of particles, NOx and meteorological data were continuously monitored within the lidar scanning region. Based on the collected data, we investigated the flow dynamics and the aerosol concentrations within the lower troposphere and an evidence for daily aerosol cycles. We observed a number of cases with spatially localized increased lidar returns, which were found to be due to the presence of point sources of particulate matter. Daily aerosol concentration cycles were also clearly visible with a peak in aerosol concentration during the morning rush hours and daily maximum at around 17:00 Central European Time. We also found that the averaged horizontal atmospheric extinction within the scanning region 200 m above the ground is correlated to the PM10 concentration at the ground level with a correlation coefficient of 0.64, which may be due to relatively quiet meteorological conditions and basin-like terrain configuration.
A model study of the seasonal and long term North Atlantic surface pCO2 variability
Authors: Tjiputra J. F. , Olsen A. , Assmann K. , Pfeil B. , Heinze C.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. A coupled biogeochemical-physical ocean model is used to study the long term variations of surface pCO2 in the North Atlantic Ocean. The model agrees well with recent underway pCO2 observations from the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) database in various locations in the North Atlantic. The distinct seasonal cycles observed at different parts of the North Atlantic are well reproduced by the model. In most regions except the subpolar domain, the recent observed trends in pCO2 and air–sea carbon fluxes are also simulated by the model. Over a long period between 1960–2008, the primary mode of surface pCO2 variability is dominated by the increasing trend associated with the invasion of anthropogenic CO2 into the ocean. We show that, to first order, the ocean surface circulation and air–sea heat flux patterns can explain the spatial variability of this dominant increasing trend. Regions with strong surface mass transport and negative air–sea heat flux have the tendency to maintain lower surface pCO2. Regions of surface convergence and mean positive air–sea heat flux such as the subtropical gyre and the western subpolar gyre have faster increase in pCO2 over a long term period. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays a major role in controlling the variability occurring at interannual to decadal time scales. The NAO predominantly influences surface pCO2 in the North Atlantic by changing the physical properties of the North Atlantic water masses, particularly by perturbing the temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon in the surface ocean. We show that present underway observations are valuable for both calibrating the model, as well as for improving our understanding of the regionally heterogeneous variability of surface pCO2. In addition, they can be important for detecting any long term change in the regional carbon cycle due to ongoing climate change.
Role of CO2 and Southern Ocean winds in glacial abrupt climate change
Authors: Banderas R. , Álvarez-Solas J. , Montoya M.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The study of Greenland ice cores revealed two decades ago the abrupt character of glacial millennial-scale climate variability. Several triggering mechanisms have been proposed and confronted against growing proxy-data evidence. Although the implication of North Atlantic deep water (NADW) formation reorganisations seems robust nowadays, their final cause remains unclear. Here, the role of CO2 and Southern Ocean winds is investigated using a coupled model of intermediate complexity in an experimental setup designed such that the climate system resides close to a threshold found in previous studies. An abrupt surface air temperature (SAT) increase over the North Atlantic is simulated in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels and/or enhancing southern westerlies. The simulated abrupt warming shows a similar pattern and amplitude over Greenland as registered in ice-core records of Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) events. This is accompanied by a strong Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) intensification. The AMOC strengthening is found to be caused by a northward shift of NADW formation sites into the Nordic Seas as a result of an increase in sea surface salinity in the Northeastern Atlantic. The latter is caused by a northward retreat of the sea-ice front in response to higher temperatures. In this way, a new mechanism that is consistent with proxy data is identified by which abrupt climate change can be promoted.
Compliant space mechanisms: a new frontier for compliant mechanisms
Authors: Fowler R. M. , Howell L. L. , Magleby S. P.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Compliant mechanisms offer distinct advantages for use in space that can address many of the issues encountered with current rigid-link space mechanisms. Compliant space mechanisms are defined as moveable mechanical assemblies that achieve their desired motion, force, or displacement by means of the deflection of flexible members and can perform a necessary function in the environments of launch and space. Many current space mechanisms are already highly optimized, yet they still experience inherent challenges, and it is unclear if significant improvements in performance can be made by continuing to refine current designs. Compliant space mechanisms offer a promising opportunity to change the fundamental approach to achieving controlled motion in space systems and have potential for dramatic increases in mechanism performance given the constraints of the space environment. This paper proposes the merger of the fields of compliant mechanisms and space mechanisms as a future direction of research in compliant mechanisms, discusses in detail the motivation to do so, and addresses the key factors of applying compliant mechanism technology to space mechanisms.
HPV, KRAS mutations, alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking effects on esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma carcinogenesis
Authors: Radojicic Jelena , Zaravinos Apostolos , Spandidos Demetrios A.
Published: October 2011

Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an invasive neoplastic disease generally associated with poor survival rates. The incidence of ESCC is characterized by marked geographic variation, with highest rates noted in developing Southeastern African, Central and Eastern Asian countries. In the developed Western European and North American regions where there is a low disease incidence, heavy alcohol and cigarette consumption constitute major risk factors. The toxic effects of both these risk factors cause chronic irritation and inflammation of the esophageal mucosa, while at the cellular level they further confer mutagenic effects by the activation of oncogenes (e.g., RAS mutations), inhibition of tumor-suppressor genes, and profound DNA damage. Viral infections, particularly with human papillomavirus, may activate specific antiapoptotic, proliferative and malignant cellular responses that may be intensified in combination with the effects of alcohol and tobacco. In countries with a high ESCC incidence, low socioeconomic status and an inadequate diet of poorly preserved food are combined with basic nutritional deficiencies and inadequate medical treatment. These conditions are favorable to the above-mentioned risk factors implicated in ESCC development, which may be present and/or habitually used in certain populations. New perspectives in epidemiological studies of ESCC development and its risk factors allow genome-wide research involving specific environments and habits. Such research should consist of adequately large and representative samples, should use newly designed informative genetic markers, and apply genomic variation analysis of the functional transcripts involved in malignant cell cycle regulation and neoplastic transformation in the multi-step process of ESCC carcinogenesis.
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Endocrine Aspects
Authors: Sahin Ozlem G. , Kartal Elçin , Taheri Nusret
Published: October 2011

Purpose. To compare the hormone levels of patients with seborrheic meibomian gland dysfunction with controls. Procedures. This is a retrospective case-control study involving 50 patients and 50 controls. Blood workup for hormones was studied in both groups by using macroELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Statistical evaluation was done by using SPSS 15.0 independent samples -test. Results. There were statistically significant differences of serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels between patients and controls (P = 0.000). Female gender showed statistically significant differences of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels between patients and controls (P = 0.014 and P = 0.043), in addition to serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels (P = 0.000 and P = 0.001). However, male gender showed statistically significant differences of only serum testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels between patients and controls. (P = 0.003 and P = 0.003 resp.). Conclusions. Increased serum levels of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in both genders should be considered as diagnostic markers for seborrheic meibomian gland dysfunction.
Enhanced Relaxometric Properties of MRI “Positive” Contrast Agents Confined in Three‐Dimensional Cubic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Guillet‐Nicolas Rémy , Bridot Jean‐Luc , Seo Yongbeom , Fortin Marc‐André , Kleitz Freddy
Published: October 2011

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are of growing interest for the development of novel probes enabling efficient tracking of cells in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The incorporation of Gd3+ paramagnetic ions into highly porous MSNs is a powerful strategy to synthesize “positive” MRI contrast agents for more quantitative T1‐weighted MR imaging. Within this context, different strategies have been reported to integrate Gd chelates to 2D pore network MSNs. As an alternative, we report on the modulation of the pore network topology through the preparation of a 3D pore network hybrid GdSixOy MSN system. In this study, 2D GdSixOy‐MSNs with similar porosity and particle size were also prepared and the relaxometric performances of both materials, directly compared. Both syntheses lead to water‐dispersible MSNs suspensions (particle size < 200 nm), which were stable for at least 48h. 3D GdSixOy‐MSNs provided a significant increase in 1H longitudinal relaxivity (18.5 s−1mM−1; 4.6 times higher than Gd‐DTPA) and low r2/r1 ratios (1.56) compatible with the requirements of “positive” contrast agents for MRI. These results demonstrate the superiority of a 3D pore network to host paramagnetic atoms for MRI signal enhancement using T1‐weighted imaging. Such an approach minimizes the total amount of paramagnetic element per particle.
Selective Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzylic and Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Join Benoît , Möller Konstanze , Ziebart Carolin , Schröder Kristin , Gördes Dirk , Thurow Kerstin , Spannenberg Anke , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2011

A convenient and selective oxidation of alcohols with hydrogen peroxide to give aldehydes and ketones has been developed. Using in situ generated iron chloride complexes [Fe(L3)2Cln] [n=0–1, L3 =6‐(N‐phenylbenzimidazoyl)‐2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid], aldehydes and ketones were obtained in good yield and excellent selectivity after a short reaction time at room temperature.
Chiral Bioinspired Non‐Heme Iron Complexes for Enantioselective Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Wu Mei , Miao Cheng‐Xia , Wang Shoufeng , Hu Xiaoxue , Xia Chungu , Kühn Fritz E. , Sun Wei
Published: October 2011

Chiral bioinspired iron complexes of N4 ligands based on the ethylenediamine backbone display remarkable levels of enantioselectivity for the first time in the asymmetric epoxidation of α,β‐unsaturated ketones using hydrogen peroxide (up to 87% ee) or peracetic acid as oxidant, respectively. Notablely, isotopic labeling with H218O strongly demonstrated that there is a reversible water binding step prior to generation of the significant intermediate. Besides, the complex [L2Fe(III)2(μ‐O)(μ‐CH3CO2)]3+ usually derived from the decay of the LFe(IV)O species or thermodynamic sinks for a number of iron complexes was identified by HR‐MS. In addition, the possible mechanisms were proposed and LFe(V)O species may be the main active intermediate in the catalytic system.
Controlled Reversible Anchoring of η6‐Arene/TsDPEN‐ Ruthenium(II) Complex onto Magnetic Nanoparticles: A New Strategy for Catalyst Separation and Recycling
Authors: Wu Lei , He Yan‐Mei , Fan Qing‐Hua
Published: October 2011

A new catalyst separation and recycling protocol combining magnetic nanoparticles and host‐guest assembly was developed. The catalyst, (η6‐arene)[N‐(para‐toluenesulfonyl)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine]ruthenium trifluoromethanesulfonate [Ru(OTf)(TsDPEN)(η6‐arene)] bearing a dialkylammonium salt tag, was easily separated from the reaction mixtures by magnet‐assisted decantation, on basis of the formation of a pseudorotaxane complex by using dibenzo[24]crown‐8‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The ruthenium catalyst has been successfully reused at least 5 times with the retention of enantioselectivity but at the expense of relatively low catalytic activities in the asymmetric hydrogenation of 2‐methylquinoline.
Pancreatic iron and glucose dysregulation in thalassemia major
Authors: Noetzli Leila J. , Mittelman Steven D. , Watanabe Richard M. , Coates Thomas D. , Wood John C.
Published: October 2011

Pancreatic iron overload and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common in thalassemia major patients. However, the relationship between iron stores and glucose disturbances is not well defined. We used a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), coupled with mathematical modeling, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the impact of pancreatic, cardiac, and hepatic iron overload on glucose regulation in 59 patients with thalassemia major. According to OGTT results, 11 patients had DM, 12 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 8 had isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and 28 patients had normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Patients with DM had significantly impaired insulin sensitivity and insulin release. Insulin resistance was most strongly associated with markers of inflammation and somatic iron overload, while disposition index (DI) (a measure of beta cell function) was most strongly correlated with pancreas R2*. Patients with DM and IGT had significantly worse DI than those with NGT or IFG, suggesting significant beta cell toxicity. One‐third of patients having elevated pancreas R2* had normal glucose regulation (preclinical iron burden), but these patients were younger and had lower hepatic iron burdens. Our study indicates that pancreatic iron is the strongest predictor of beta cell toxicity, but total body iron burden, age, and body habitus also influence glucose regulation. We also demonstrate that MRI and fasting glucose/insulin are complementary screening tools, reducing the need for oral glucose tolerance testing, and identify high‐risk patients before irreversible pancreatic damage. Am. J. Hematol., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrospective analysis of weekly intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis versus intravenous immunoglobulin by IgG level monitoring in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Howell Joshua E. , Gulbis Alison M. , Champlin Richard E. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H.
Published: October 2011

Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo HCT) have a higher incidence of infections partly due to secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. We evaluated the role of IVIG in allo HCT patients who received prophylactic IVIG 200 mg/kg once weekly regardless of IgG level (Group 1, n = 115) compared with patients who received IVIG based on IgG level <400 mg/dL (Group 2, n = 114). Primary endpoints were the utilization of IVIG, incidence of veno‐occlusive disease (VOD), graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), and documented infections within the first 100 days after allo HCT. Patients in both groups were similar except for a higher number of matched unrelated donor (MUD) transplants in Group 2 (62 vs. 41, P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the incidence all grades of GVHD (55 vs. 50), VOD (2 vs. 0) or infections in the two groups except for a higher incidence of para‐influenza infections in group 1 (9 vs. 0, P = 0.003) coinciding with the flu season. We recommend monthly monitoring of IgG level and replacement only if IgG level is <400 mg/dL. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing for top‐down control: can post‐disturbance fisheries closures reverse algal dominance?
Authors: McClanahan T.R. , Muthiga N.A. , Coleman R. A.
Published: October 2011

The response of fish, sea urchins, benthic cover, herbivory, and predation on sea urchins were studied over a 14‐year period in and out of a recently established fully closed and fished atoll reef lagoon of the remote Glover's Reef, Belize.

Closure from fishing was predicted to result in the recovery of predatory fish and herbivores, herbivory rates, and subsequently reduce erect algae and lead to the recovery of herbivore resistant and calcifying taxa such as hard corals and calcifying algae. Recovery of predatory fishes was the largest response to closure and the herbivore response was weak and no corals and calcifying algae changed in the predicted direction.

Hard corals declined where they were most abundant and all sites appear to have reached a stable point of ~15% cover by the end of the study. Generalized and possibly opportunistic carnivores, such as jacks, barracuda, groupers, snappers, grunts, and sparids showed the greatest increases and there was a trend towards more small‐bodied herbivores such sea urchins and damselfish in the open and a slight gain in large herbivores in the closed area, but this had little effect in increasing total herbivory.

Factors that may have influenced this unexpected response include: (1) a complex food web that did not produce a simple cascade response; (2) attenuation of the cascade effect towards the lower trophic levels; (3) insufficient compliance, closure time, and space; (4) a post‐ rather than pre‐disturbance establishment of the closure; 5) habitat or site specificity; and (6) overriding environmental disturbances, such as oceanographic oscillations and a warming climate.

The results suggest a need to further evaluate fisheries management systems, contingencies, and interventions that will promote coral reef resilience to climate change and ecosystem sustainability.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infinite horizon optimal control for nonlinear interconnected large‐scale dynamical systems with an application to optimal attitude control
Authors: Jajarmi Amin , Pariz Naser , Effati Sohrab , Kamyad Ali Vahidian
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a novel extended modal series method for solving the infinite horizon optimal control problem of nonlinear interconnected large‐scale dynamic systems. In this method, the infinite horizon nonlinear large‐scale two‐point boundary value problem (TPBVP), derived from Pontryagin's maximum principle, is transformed into a sequence of linear time‐invariant TPBVPs. Solving the latter problems in a recursive manner provides the optimal control law and the optimal trajectory in the form of a uniformly convergent series. Moreover, in special cases, the proposed procedure facilitates the application of parallel processing, which improves its computational efficiency. In this study, an iterative algorithm is also presented, which has a low computational complexity and a fast convergence rate. Just a few iterations are required to obtain a suboptimal trajectory‐control pair. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by solving the optimal attitude control problem.

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Acute loss of DP1, but not DP2, induces p53 mRNA and augments p21Waf1/Cip1 and senescence
Authors: Ohdaira Hiroaki , Sekiguchi Masaki , Miyata Kenichi , Sasaki Tomoe , Yoshida Kenichi
Published: October 2011

The transcription factors DP1 and DP2 have been implicated in crucial gene regulation as heterodimer partners of E2F; however, the functional differences between DP1 and DP2 remain poorly understood. To gain insight into DPs in human somatic cells, we first suppressed endogenous DP1 and DP2 using RNA interference and examined the effect of their loss on gene expression changes in HeLa cervical cancer cells. A DNA microarray and gene pathway analysis revealed that the suppression of well‐known E2F/DP‐regulated pathways, including the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle and DNA replication, was manifested in accordance with the acute loss of DP1 and DP2. On the other hand, the acute loss of DP1 and DP2 increased the p21Waf1/Cip1 mRNA level compared with the control RNA treatment. We further showed that the inactivation of DP1, but not DP2, resulted in mRNA induction for p53, an upstream regulator of p21Waf1/Cip1. Furthermore, in A549 lung cancer cells as well as HeLa cells, the mRNA and protein levels of p53 and p21Waf1/Cip1 were stabilized specifically upon DP1 depletion, whereas p53‐regulated apoptotic factor BAX mRNA was unchanged. Finally, the impairment of DP1, but not DP2, increased senescence in HeLa, A549 and WI‐38 diploid fibroblasts but not in p53 null Saos‐2 osteosarcoma cells. Taken together, these results suggest that DP1, but not DP2, is uniquely involved in the regulation of the p53 and p21Waf1/Cip1 pathway, thereby augmenting senescence in human somatic cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Revisiting the Zintl—Klemm Concept: A2AuBi (A: Li or Na)
Authors: Wang Fei , Miller Gordon J.
Published: October 2011

first principles quantum mechanical calculations
ChemInform Abstract: Pressure‐Induced Development of Bonding in NiAs Type Compounds and Polymorphism of NiP.
Authors: Dera Przemyslaw , Lazarz John D. , Lavina Barbara
Published: October 2011

NiP exhibits a reversible, displacive, pressure‐induced structural phase transition at about 3,5 GPa as revealed by in situ synchrotron single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: The Binary Tin‐Rich Lanthanum Stannides La2Sn5 and La3Sn7 — A Structural and Bond Theoretical Study.
Authors: Duerr Ines , Schwarz Michael , Roehr Caroline
Published: October 2011

LaSn3, La2Sn3, and La3Sn7 are synthesized from melts of the elements by slow cooling or arc melting and quenching, and their crystal structures are determined by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Equilibria and Crystal Structure of the Complex Oxides in the Ln—Ba—Co—O (Ln: Nd, Sm) Systems.
Authors: Gavrilova L. Ya. , Aksenova T. V. , Volkova N. E. , Podzorova A. S. , Cherepanov V. A.
Published: October 2011

Phase equilibria in the title systems at 1100 °C in air and the crystal structure of intermediate phases are investigated by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Superconductive Characteristics of New Oxynitrides (Nb1‐xMx)(N1‐yOy) where (M: Mg, Si) and (x ≈ y).
Authors: Ohashi Yoshio , Motohashi Teruki , Masubuchi Yuji , Moriga Toshihiro , Murai Keiichiro , Kikkawa Shinichi
Published: October 2011

The new niobium oxynitrides (Nb0.95Mg0.05)(N0.92O0.08) (I) and (Nb0.87Si0.09□0.04) (N0.87O0.13) (II) are prepared at 1000 °C by ammonia nitridation of oxide precursors obtained via the citrate route, followed by annealing in 0.5 MPa N2 at 1500 °C for (I) and 1200 °C for (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PAs3S3 Cage as a New Building Block in Copper Halide Coordination Polymers.
Authors: Schwarz Patrick , Wachter Joachim , Zabel Manfred
Published: October 2011

Coordination polymers from (III) and copper halides are obtained by interdiffusion techniques between solvents of different polarity and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Green Synthesis of Cuprous Oxide Crystals with Truncated Octahedra Shapes via a High Pressure Flux Approach.
Authors: Li Benxian , Wang Xiaofeng , Xia Dandan , Chu Qingxin , Liu Xiaoyang , Lu Fengguo , Zhao Xudong
Published: October 2011

Cu2O truncated octahedral crystals exposing the active basal (110) facets are synthesized from a mixture of CuO and Cu using NaOH/KOH (1:1) as a flux (autoclave, 0.2 GPa, 300—600 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetracyclic Indolines via Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization Reactions.
Authors: Cera Gianpiero , Crispino Pasquale , Monari Magda , Bandini Marco
Published: October 2011

An unprecedented atom/step economic synthesis of the title compounds (II) and (IV) is presented with a high level of chemo‐, regio‐, and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Connecting the Dots: Using Sunlight to Drive Electrochemical Oxidations.
Authors: Anderson Laura A. , Redden Alison , Moeller Kevin D.
Published: October 2011

All reactions are conducted using commercially available photovoltaic cells as power supply.
ChemInform Abstract: Fine Modification of Salen Ligands — Effects on the Salen—Ti‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Lv Chengwei , Cheng Qigan , Xu Daqian , Wang Shoufeng , Xia Chungu , Sun Wei
Published: October 2011

Both enantiomers of nitriles (III) can be prepared by modifying the salen‐titanium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefination Reactions Using Tetraarylphosphonium (TAP)‐Supported Phosphorus Ylides.
Authors: Lebel Helene , Davi Michael , Roy Marie‐Noelle , Zeghida Walid , Charette Andre B.
Published: October 2011

The synthesis and application of salt (III) and the corresponding phosphorus ylide (VII) in the Wittig reaction is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: A Masked‐Alkene Metathesis‐Based Synthesis of Isopulo′upone.
Authors: Carter Kyle P. , Moser Daniel J. , Storvick Jennifer M. , O'Neil Gregory W.
Published: October 2011

Masked triene substrates undergo Ru‐catalyzed cross‐metathesis according to A) to afford trienes after reductive elimination according to B).
ChemInform Abstract: Ir‐Catalyzed Formation of C—F Bonds. From Allylic Alcohols to α‐Fluoroketones.
Authors: Ahlsten Nanna , Martin‐Matute Belen
Published: October 2011

A novel Ir‐catalyzed tandem isomerization/C‐F bond formation furnishing α‐fluororinated ketones as single constitutional isomers is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐6‐dialkylamino‐4‐hydroxypentanamide Derivatives for Renin Inhibitors.
Authors: Nakamura Yuji , Ogawa Yasuyuki , Suzuki Chie , Fujimoto Teppei , Miyazaki Shojiro , Tamaki Takahide , Suemune Hiroshi
Published: October 2011

The Shi asymmetric epoxidation, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryliodine(III) Diacetates as Substrates for Pd—Ag Catalyzed Arylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Evdokimov Nikolai M. , Kornienko Alexander , Magedov Igor V.
Published: October 2011

Substrates (I) undergo metal‐catalyzed decomposition to yield aryl iodides which react with alkenes to give the corresponding arylated alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Dipyridylphosphine‐Polymethylhydrosiloxane: A Practical and Effective System for the Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Ketones.
Authors: Zhang Xi‐Chang , Wu Fei‐Fei , Li Shijun , Zhou Ji‐Ning , Wu Jing , Li Ning , Fang Wenjun , Lam Kim Hung , Chan Albert S. C.
Published: October 2011

The catalyst system displays high efficiency in the stereoselective hydrosilylation of a wide scope of aryl alkyl and heteroaromatic ketones under an air atmosphere and mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicomolybdic Acid Supported on Silica Gel: An Efficient Catalyst for Hosomi—Sakurai Reactions.
Authors: Murugan Kaliyappan , Srimurugan Sankareswaran , Chen Chinpiao
Published: October 2011

The heteropolyacid efficiently catalyzes reactions of carbonyl compounds with allyltrimethylsilane (II) in the presence of benzyl alcohol.
ChemInform Abstract: Contrasting Reactivity of 2‐Mesityl‐1,8‐naphthyridine (Mes‐NP) with Singly‐Bonded [RhII—RhII] and [RuI—RuI] Compounds.
Authors: Saha Biswajit , Rahaman S. M. Wahidur , Sinha Arup , Bera Jitendra K.
Published: October 2011

The title catalyst (I) is prepared and tested in oxidation and olefination.