bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Typification for reliable application of subspecific names within Peridinium cinctum (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae)

Authors: ROMEIKAT CORINNA , LÓPEZ ALEJANDRO IZQUIERDO , TIETZE CHRISTINE , KRETSCHMANN JULIANE , GOTTSCHLING MARC
Published: November 2019

The application of scientific names is determined by means of nomenclatural types, and every name has to be typified properly. The concept has limitations for unicellular organisms, because original material frequently consists of drawings and/or inadequately preserved physical material. Peridinium cinctum is an abundant freshwater microalga and variable in both morphology and genotype. Morphological variation is mainly expressed in its epithecal conformation: shape deviations of plates, plate rearrangements, plate fusion and plate additions. Different epithecal conformations were traditionally described as either varieties of P. cinctum or were established as closely related species. Despite this, relations between varieties, ribotypes and geographic locations were oversighted, and the full spectrum of plate variation in P. cinctum is still not well represented. For this reason, we sampled localities in Germany and Poland, from which varieties of P. cinctum were described a century ago. We cultivated monoclonal strains, exhibiting two distinct ITS ribotypes, and assessed their epithecal variation of morphology. Based on ca 2,500 observations of individual cells we report a plethora of both plate and suture deviations from the archetypical epithecal conformation of P. cinctum. Morphologies corresponding to previously described varieties were rare, even at their type localities. Nevertheless, we found morphologies consistent with protologues in four cases and use this material for epitypification. These varieties are now linked to specific DNA sequences, allowing reliable application of scientific names for future studies.
Taxonomic notes on Tolypanthus and Taxillus (Loranthaceae) in Vietnam, including lectotypifications and new national records

Authors: HAN LE NGOC , BACH TRAN THE , QUANG BUI HONG , HAI DO VAN , HA BUI THU , AVERYANOV LEONID V. , NURALIEV MAXIM S.
Published: November 2019

The genus Tolypanthus and two species, Tolypanthus maclurei and Taxillus vestitus, are reported as new records for Vietnam. Taxonomy and geographical distribution of the newly recorded taxa are discussed; lectotypes of the genus Tolypanthus and the two species are designated. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of both newly recorded species as well as a key to species of Taxillus in Vietnam are provided. Diversity of the family Loranthaceae in Vietnam is briefly summarized.
First description of the larvae of the fishfly genus Anachauliodes Kimmins, 1954 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae)
Authors: TU YUEZHENG , HAYASHI FUMIO , LIU XINGYUE
Published: November 2019

Anachauliodes Kimmins, 1954 (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) is a fishfly genus endemic to the Oriental Region with only one recognized species, Anachauliodes laboissierei (Navás, 1913). Currently, the immature stages of this genus are completely unknown. Here we describe the larvae of A. laboissierei for the first time. The larval characters, especially the strongly developed respiratory tubes on the abdominal segment VIII, support a close relationship between Anachauliodes and the eastern Nearctic Chauliodes Latreille, 1796.
Description of three new species of Paratrichius Janson, 1881 from China and revision of the distribution range of Paratrichius rubrodecoratus (Tesař, 1952) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Trichiini)
Authors: RICCHIARDI ENRICO , BAI MING , LI SHA
Published: November 2019

Three new species belonging to the genus Paratrichius Janson, 1881 (Paratrichius adornatus Ricchiardi, new species, Paratrichius tergorufus Ricchiardi, new species, and Paratrichius zonatus Ricchiardi, new species) are described from mainland China, and the distribution range of Paratrichius rubrodecoratus (Tesař, 1952) is clarified and updated.
A new Anaulacomera species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from the Iguaçu National Park, southern Brazil
Authors: FIANCO MARCOS , CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , SZINWELSKI NEUCIR , FARIA LUIZ R. R.
Published: November 2019

A new species of Anaulacomera, A. trispinata sp. n., of the poculigera group is described from the Iguaçu National Park, a large remnant of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. This is the first record of the poculigera group both for Brazil and for the Atlantic Forest domain. The overall morphology of both males and females is presented, besides the calling songs of males.
Review of genus Paratachycines Storozhenko, 1990 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae) with a new recorded species from China
Authors: QIN YANYAN , LIU XIANWEI , LI KAI
Published: November 2019

One species Paratachycines (Paratachycines) ussuriensis Storozhenko, 1990 from China is described and illustrated with photographs. Two other known species of Paratachycines reported by Zhang et al., (2009) from China are also mentioned. A key to four subgenera of Paratachycines and keys to species of two subgenera: Paratachycines s. str., Hemitachycines Storozhenko, 1990 worldwide are all provided.
Improving Radar Echo Lagrangian Extrapolation Nowcasting by Blending Numerical Model Wind Information: Statistical Performance of 16 Typhoon Cases
Authors: Chung Kao-Shen , Yao I-An
Published: November 2019

Severe weather nowcasting is a crucial mission of atmospheric science for the betterment of society to save life, limb, and property. In this study, composite radar data from the Central Weather Bureau of 16 typhoons are collected to examine the statistical performance of the McGill Algorithm for Precipitation nowcasting using Lagrangian Extrapolation (MAPLE) over Taiwan, an extrapolation algorithm that predicts future precipitation based on current radar echoes. In addition, instead of mixing the precipitation between radar extrapolation and numerical model forecast as in previous studies, a blending system is formed by synthesizing the wind information from model forecast with the echo extrapolation motion field via a variational algorithm to improve the nowcasting system. The statistical results of the radar echo extrapolation for 16 typhoon cases show that while the quantitative precipitation nowcasting skill can persist for up to 2 h, significant distortion for the rotational system is found after 2 h. On the other hand, the blending system helps to capture and maintain the rotation of typhoon rainband structures. The blending system extends the nowcasting skill by 1 h to a total of 3 h. Furthermore, the blending scheme performs especially well after the typhoon makes landfall in Taiwan. For disaster prevention and mitigation, this blending nowcasting technique may provide effective weather information immediately.
Staying Safe in a Tornado: A Qualitative Inquiry into Public Knowledge, Access, and Response to Tornado Warnings
Authors: Walters Jayme E. , Mason Lisa Reyes , Ellis Kelsey , Winchester Betsy
Published: November 2019

Tornadoes in the southeastern United States continue to cause substantial injury, death, and destruction. The present study seeks to 1) understand inadequate warning access, less understanding, and/or less likelihood of responding to tornado warnings; 2) examine public attitudes about NWS communications; and 3) explore the perceptions of NWS personnel regarding public response to tornado warnings, factors that might influence response, and how their perceptions impact their communication. Participants include a purposive sample of NWS forecasters in Tennessee (n = 11) and residents (n = 45) who were identified as having low access to, low knowledge of, or an unsafe response to tornado warnings in a previous study. A qualitative approach with semistructured interviews was used. Findings indicated that most participants had at least one warning source. Barriers to warning access included electricity outages, rurality, lack of storm radio, heavy sleeping, and hearing impairments. Most participants had knowledge of NWS guidelines for safe shelter seeking but still engaged in behaviors considered unsafe. Proximity, personal experience, and influence of family and friends emerged as influencers of response to warnings. NWS personnel perceived that proximity played a significant role in shelter-seeking behavior as well as the need for confirmation. Poor access to safe shelter arose as a major concern for NWS personnel, specifically mobile home residents. Messaging and specificity in warnings to evoke safe shelter-seeking behavior surfaced as critical issues for NWS personnel. Implications for education and policy changes to enhance public safety and improve public health are noted.
Developmentally appropriate patient education during transition: A study of healthcare providers’ and parents’ perspective
Authors: Morsa Maxime , Gagnayre Rémi , Pomey Marie-Pascale , Deccache Carole , Lombrail Pierre
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Patient education is recommended to improve the transition from paediatric to adult care for young people with chronic conditions. But a consensus has not been reached regarding a particular model. This study aimed to understand how to prepare for the implementation of a Developmentally Appropriate Patient Education during Transition (DAPET), which would revolve around the young person’s psychosocial development.

Method:

Three focus groups were organised with healthcare providers and two focus groups took place with the parents of young people with chronic conditions. We used activity theory to explore practices and to identify obstacles to the implementation of DAPET, as well as to recognise which resources might be available to implement DAPET.

Results:

Healthcare providers agreed on the need to engage in an educational approach centred on the psychosocial development of young people during transition. However, study findings highlight the following obstacles to doing so: a lack of competencies in adolescent and young adult medicine and a lack of available resources to meet these goals. Furthermore, parents wanted to redefine their role in the transition process and to allow their children to develop self-management skills.

Conclusion:

Healthcare providers and parents considered the implementation of DAPET to be acceptable and even advisable. However, the programme’s feasibility was questioned due to perceived shortfalls in the hospital system as it currently stands and the ways in which an educational approach would be applied. An environment that facilitates healthcare providers’ educational initiatives and encourages the participation of parents is required.
Vehicle quota control, transport infrastructure investment and vehicle travel: A pseudo panel analysis
Authors: Song Siqi , Feng Chen-Chieh , Diao Mi
Published: November 2019

Transport pricing and infrastructure investment are widely seen as essential elements in policy packages aiming to address transport challenges. However, their respective and collective causal influences on travel behaviour have not been sufficiently examined. In this study, we investigate the effects of vehicle quota control and transport infrastructure investment on vehicle travel in Singapore, with a pseudo panel created from three repeated cross-sectional household surveys. We find that vehicle quota control has a substantial influence on vehicle usage by constraining car ownership. However, this mitigation effect might be partially offset by the higher car usage among car owners who want to make more out of their investment in private cars, confirming the existence of sunk cost effect in transport pricing. Careful design of vehicle quota control policies is thus necessary to avoid the overuse issue. We also find that rail transit network expansion reduces vehicle usage, while expressway network expansion increases it. An integrated approach that combines pricing measures to discourage vehicle usage and public transport investment to provide alternatives to driving may be more effective in achieving transport sustainability.
A combined variable sampling interval and double sampling control chart with auxiliary information for the process mean
Authors: Umar Adamu A , Khoo Michael BC , Saha Sajal , Haq Abdul
Published: November 2019

In recent years, the suitable use of auxiliary information technique in control charts has shown an improved run length performance compared to control charts that do not have this feature. This article proposes a combined variable sampling interval (VSI) and double sampling (DS) chart using the auxiliary information (AI) technique (called VSIDS-AI chart, hereafter). The plotting-statistic of the VSIDS-AI chart requires information from both the study and auxiliary variables to efficiently detect process mean shifts. The charting statistics, optimal design and performance assessment of the VSIDS-AI chart are discussed. The steady-state average time to signal (ssATS) and steady-state expected average time to signal (ssEATS) are considered as the performance measures. The ssATS and ssEATS results of the VSIDS-AI chart are compared with those of the DS AI, variable sample size and sampling interval AI, exponentially weighted moving average AI (EWMA-AI) and run sum AI (RS-AI) charts. The results of comparison show that the VSIDS-AI chart outperforms the charts under comparison for all shift sizes, except the EWMA-AI and RS-AI charts for small shift sizes. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the implementation of the VSIDS-AI chart.
Continuous-time modeling in prevention research: An illustration
Authors: Hecht Martin , Voelkle Manuel C.
Published: November 2019

The analysis of cross-lagged relationships is a popular approach in prevention research to explore the dynamics between constructs over time. However, a limitation of commonly used cross-lagged models is the requirement of equally spaced measurement occasions that prevents the usage of flexible longitudinal designs and complicates cross-study comparisons. Continuous-time modeling overcomes these limitations. In this article, we illustrate the use of continuous-time models using Bayesian and frequentist approaches to model estimation. As an empirical example, we study the dynamic interplay of physical activity and health, a classic research topic in prevention science, using data from the “Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 2): Daily Stress Project, 2004–2009.” To help prevention researchers in adopting the approach, we provide annotated R scripts and a simulated data set based on the results from analyzing the MIDUS 2 data.
Learning dexterous in-hand manipulation
Authors: Andrychowicz OpenAI: Marcin , Baker Bowen , Chociej Maciek , Józefowicz Rafal , McGrew Bob , Pachocki Jakub , Petron Arthur , Plappert Matthias , Powell Glenn , Ray Alex , Schneider Jonas , Sidor Szymon , Tobin Josh , Welinder Peter , Weng Lilian , Zaremba Wojciech
Published: November 2019

We use reinforcement learning (RL) to learn dexterous in-hand manipulation policies that can perform vision-based object reorientation on a physical Shadow Dexterous Hand. The training is performed in a simulated environment in which we randomize many of the physical properties of the system such as friction coefficients and an object’s appearance. Our policies transfer to the physical robot despite being trained entirely in simulation. Our method does not rely on any human demonstrations, but many behaviors found in human manipulation emerge naturally, including finger gaiting, multi-finger coordination, and the controlled use of gravity. Our results were obtained using the same distributed RL system that was used to train OpenAI Five. We also include a video of our results: https://youtu.be/jwSbzNHGflM .
A uses and gratifications approach to considering the music formats that people use most often
Authors: Krause Amanda E , Brown Steven Caldwell
Published: November 2019

With many ways for consumers to access and consume music, little is known about why people choose to listen to music via one format over another. Using a uses and gratifications approach, the present research used an online questionnaire ( N = 396) to examine people’s format use, concerning six particular formats. The results suggest that eight dimensions, namely, usability and intention to use, discovery, functional utility, flexibility, connection, social norms, value for money, and playback diversity, define the uses and gratifications that particular formats serve. When considering whether format use was related to broader music engagement behaviors, results indicated different associations between music engagement variables and format use suggesting that different formats allow listeners to engage with music in unique ways. Findings have implications for future research that examines how and why people engage with music listening in everyday life, elaborating further our understanding of how selection of particular formats can lead to different listening experiences.
The will of Congress? Permissive regulation and the strategic use of labeling for the anti-influenza drug Relenza
Authors: Mulinari Shai , Davis Courtney
Published: November 2019

Through an analysis of the FDA’s approval of the controversial anti-influenza drug Relenza (zanamivir), we interrogate distinct social scientific theories of pharmaceutical regulation. We investigate why, despite internal negative opinions and an Advisory Committee’s non-approval recommendation, the FDA approved Relenza in the late 1990s. Based on a close reading of FDA documents, we show how agency officials guided the manufacturer’s analyses and participated in constructing a tenuous argument for approval. We show how regulators may strategically design drug labels that can justify their permissive regulation. We consider the explanatory power of official accounts and alternative, partially overlapping, theories of pharmaceutical regulation in the Relenza case, and develop new insights into the institutional dynamics of regulator-industry relations. We find little or no evidence that the FDA was primarily driven by public health concerns, pressure from disease-based patient activism, or a consumerist and neoliberal regulatory logic, although some of these explanations provided managers with convenient rhetoric to rationalize their actions. Rather, we argue that the Relenza case highlights contradictions between a scientific culture at FDA, conducive to rigorous product evaluations, and the agency’s attempts to accommodate higher-level political (i.e. Congress) and industry demands conducive of permissive regulation – consistent with some aspects of reputational and capture theories, as well as with corporate bias theory.
Evaluation of extremal hypotheses in an undeveloped alluvial river
Authors: Tranmer Andrew W , Caamaño Diego , Goodwin Peter
Published: November 2019

Recent work in the undeveloped Rio Murta Basin, located in Chilean Patagonia, identified an evolutionary trend in the fluvial system as it progresses toward and away from dynamic equilibrium. A location-for-time-substitution model employed over the longitudinal extent of a 16 km study site assessed the performance of extremal hypotheses in identifying dynamic equilibrium conditions. Numerous extremal hypotheses were successful in identifying the spatial trend, but no means were available to discern differences between them. Thus, this study uses field measurements within the evolutionary trend to propose a new metric for evaluating extremal hypotheses. A thorough review and synthesis of the extremal approach are additionally presented. The new method compares theoretical predictions against field-measured values to determine which extremal hypothesis is most effective in identifying the condition of dynamic equilibrium in a gravel-bed river. Channel width and depth are identified as the dependent stream variables that uniquely differentiate most extremal hypotheses from one another. The results indicate that extremal hypotheses based on energy metrics of the flow are most successful, with the strongest support for minimum kinetic energy and minimum specific stream power.
Consumer marketplace lending in Australia: Credit scores and loan funding success
Authors: Grant Andrew , Deer Luke
Published: November 2019

This article examines borrower acceptance in consumer marketplace lending using a unique dataset from the largest platform in Australia, Society One. Applications are initially filtered through an automated decision tree based on a third-party Veda (Equifax) credit score. At the second stage of assessment, loan applications are underwritten by the platform before being offered to sophisticated investors for purchase. The platform accepts around 11% of completed applications, with around 55% declined by an automated decision process and the remaining 34% by the manual underwriting process. More than 80% of purchased loans were made to borrowers with credit scores classed as ‘Good’, ‘Very Good’ or ‘Excellent’ (the threshold for ‘Good’ being a score of 622). However, underwriters decline around two-thirds of these higher credit score applicants, showing the importance of the underwriting process to the platform’s growth.

JEL Classification: G21, G23, D14, D45, D82
Outcomes of Quadriceps Tendon With Patellar Bone Block Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent Patients With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Gagliardi Alexia G. , Carry Patrick M. , Parikh Harin B. , Albright Jay C.
Published: November 2019

Background:

The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in the adolescent population is increasing. The quadriceps tendon–patellar bone autograft (QPA) has been established as a reliable graft choice for ACL reconstruction in the adult population.

Purpose:

To investigate graft failure, ability to return to sport, patient-reported functional outcomes, joint laxity, and subsequent injury among adolescent patients >2 years after primary ACL reconstruction with the QPA.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Consecutive patients who underwent QPA ACL reconstruction performed by a single surgeon were identified from an existing database. Information available in the database included demographics, concomitant/subsequent injuries, surgical procedures, graft failure, return to sport, and Lachman examination collected by medical record review. Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC) and Lysholm scores were collected by telephone or during a clinic visit >2 years postoperatively.

Results:

The final cohort included 81 of 104 consecutive adolescent patients aged 10 to 18 years (mean ± SD, 15.9 ± 1.7 years at the time of surgery) for whom follow-up information was collected at >2 years after surgery. The cumulative incidence of graft failure within the 36-month follow-up period was 1.2% (95% CI, 0.1%-11.4%). The rate of ipsilateral non-ACL injuries was similar (1.2%; 95% CI, 0.2%-7.6%). Contralateral ACL and non-ACL injuries requiring surgical intervention were documented in 9.8% (95% CI, 4.9%-19.5%). The median Pedi-IKDC score was 94 (interquartile range, 89-98). The median Lysholm score was 99.5 (interquartile range, 89.0-100.0). At 36 months after surgery, 87.9% (95% CI, 81.4%-94.9%) of individuals had returned to play.

Conclusion:

The quadriceps tendon–patellar autograft is a novel graft that demonstrates excellent stability and favorable patient-reported outcomes. Based on these results, the QPA is a reliable choice for primary ACL reconstruction in adolescent patients.
Biomechanical simulation for cartilage regeneration of knee joint osteoarthritis with composite scaffold using ply angle optimization
Authors: Koh Yong-Gon , Lee Jin-Ah , Chun Heoung-Jae , Kang Kyoung-Tak
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the optimization of the ply angle for cartilage regeneration using a composite scaffold for treating knee joint osteoarthritis. We propose a new paradigm for composite scaffold tissue engineering that focuses on the reconstitution of the anatomic fiber architecture and uses constitutive modeling to evaluate the function of the construct. The mechano-regulation algorithm for tissue differentiation was used to determine the influence of the composite scaffold with an optimized ply angle on chondrogenesis in a computational model of knee-joint severe osteoarthritis. The simulation results revealed that the optimized ply-angle composite scaffold, which had similar mechanical properties to the native cartilage, provided the most appropriate biomechanical environment for cartilage regeneration.
Hydrops fetalis caused by congenital syphilis: An ancient disease?
Authors: Ramis Fernández Sofía Martina , Alsina-Casanova Miguel , Herranz-Barbero Ana , Aldecoa-Bilbao Victoria , Borràs-Novell Cristina , Salvia-Roges Dolors
Published: November 2019

Syphilis is currently an emerging health problem, especially in high-income countries. Infection rates have increased significantly in European countries such as the United Kingdom and Spain in the last 20 years. As a result we are now seeing an increase in maternal infection, acquired during pregnancy, with a high risk of transmission to the developing fetus, which is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Although the Spanish incidence of congenital syphilis is below the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination threshold (50/100,000) and health measures recommended by WHO have been achieved, congenital syphilis is still a social and public health problem. Antenatal care follow-up protocols are sometimes not accurate enough to uncover the infection during pregnancy and therefore to avoid consequences in the newborn. Infection during pregnancy may be missed if it occurs after the screening period. We report a case of severe congenital syphilis in order to emphasize that in the 21st century, fetal infection still occurs in developed countries, although it is easily preventable and treatable.
Performative and ideological populism: The case of charismatic leaders on Twitter
Authors: Kissas Angelos
Published: November 2019

Taking Donald Trump’s and Jeremy Corbyn’s use of Twitter as paradigmatic case studies, this article demonstrates that the charismatic leader features as a distinct mode of the performativity of populism. Particularly, the leader is performed as a persona, such as Trump’s ‘defiant’ and Corbyn’s ‘ordinary’ persona, which authentically embodies the mission to save the people from their own enemies, in this case, the mission of national palingenesis (#MAGA and #DrainTheSwamp) and moral vindication (#ForTheMany), respectively. Central to charismatic performances is an affective dynamic which both renders the claim to authenticity convincing and allow for ‘the people’ to be enacted as a concrete political subject. It does so, however, not in an ahistorical and presupposition-less manner, as some post-ideological approaches to performativity imply, but through discursively patterned emotions with profound ideological ramifications. Therefore, populism is better understood as a performative ideology which deserves our close analytical attention if we are to understand its progressive-democratic or reactionary-undemocratic potential.
Gender, agency, and time use among doctorate holders: The case of Iceland
Authors: Staub Maya , Rafnsdóttir Guðbjörg Linda
Published: November 2019

This article investigates how doctorate holders in Iceland make sense of time and utilize their own time management as an instrument in their career development and whether gender is a defining factor in this context. The project is based on 32 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with participants holding 5- to 20-year-old doctorate degrees in Iceland. These interviews were then analyzed using a phenomenological approach. The results indicate that the men generally felt a higher level of agency regarding their work–life balance and time management than did the women, who more often expressed difficulties finding a proper balance and expressed being more stressed about the often fragmented time they had to combine their career and family obligations successfully. The study provides a picture of how societal time norms among highly educated people are very gendered and how time is still inevitably linked to power. The contribution of this study to prior studies is that, even when comparing highly educated people among whom it is more likely to find a higher level of egalitarian attitudes, in a country where gender equality is assumed to be at a higher level than in many other countries, women still seem to experience time differently from men in terms of personal autonomy.
Outcomes of clinical ethics support near the end of life: A systematic review
Authors: Haltaufderheide Joschka , Nadolny Stephan , Gysels Marjolein , Bausewein Claudia , Vollmann Jochen , Schildmann Jan
Published: November 2019

Background:

Clinical ethics support services have been advocated in recent decades. In clinical practice, clinical ethics support services are often requested for difficult decisions near the end of life. However, their contribution to improving healthcare has been questioned and demands for evaluation have been put forward. Research indicates that there are considerable challenges associated with defining adequate outcomes for clinical ethics support services. In this systematic review, we report findings of qualitative studies and surveys, which have been conducted to evaluate clinical ethics support services near the end of life.

Methods:

Electronic databases and other sources were queried from 1970 to May 2018. Two authors screened studies independently. Methodological quality of studies was assessed. For each arm of the review, an individual synthesis was performed. Prospero ID: CRD42016036241.

Ethical Considerations:

Ethical approval is not needed as it is a systematic review of published literature.

Results:

In all, 2088 hits on surveys and 2786 on qualitative studies were found. After screening, nine surveys and four qualitative studies were included. Survey studies report overall positive findings using a very wide and heterogeneous range of outcomes. Negative results were reported only occasionally. However, methodological quality and conceptual justification of used outcomes was often weak and limits generalizability of results.

Conclusion:

Evidence points to positive outcomes of clinical ethics support services. However, methodological quality needs to be improved. Further qualitative or mixed-method research on evaluating clinical ethics support services may contribute to the development of evaluating outcomes of clinical ethics support services by means of broaden the range of appropriate (process-oriented) outcomes of (different types of) clinical ethics support services.
Constancy (the New Media “C”) and Future Generations
Authors: Borzekowski Dina L. G.
Published: November 2019

In the past, researchers would consider media’s impact on youth in terms of three “Cs”: consumption, content, and context. This article introduces a new construct—constancy—which supplants the previous terms. Constancy refers to the ubiquitous and continuous state of connected screens in the lives of children and adolescents. Constancy characterizes media content and use, which can be proactive, incidental, or contextual, exerting positive or negative effects on different users. Constancy can influence child development, as persistent access to smartphones and reception of messages will affect future generations’ cognition and education, social interactions, emotions, and health. It will be important to address the developmental needs of the child or adolescent and not the smartphone in his or her pocket. Constancy requires pragmatic and innovative methodologies to understand the new circumstances around children, adolescents, and media. The landscape has changed and so must our approach to research and investigation of media effects.
Development and Pretesting of Risk-Based Mobile Multimedia Message Content for Young Adult Hookah Use
Authors: Johnson Andrea C. , Lipkus Isaac , Tercyak Kenneth P. , Luta George , Rehberg Kathryn , Phan Lilianna , Abroms Lorien C. , Mays Darren
Published: November 2019

Background. Hookah is one of the most commonly used tobacco products among U.S. young adults due in part to widespread misperceptions that it is not harmful or addictive. There is growing evidence that hookah tobacco is associated with health harms and can lead to addiction. Research on interventions to address these misperceptions by communicating the harms and addictiveness of hookah use is needed. Aims. This study developed and pretested mobile multimedia message service (MMS) message content communicating the risks of hookah tobacco use to young adult hookah smokers. Method. Message content, delivery, and pretesting were tailored to participants’ risk beliefs, hookah use frequency, and responses to simulated text message prompts. Participants viewed 4 of 12 core MMS messages randomized within-subjects and completed postexposure measures of message receptivity and emotional response (e.g., worry). Results. The sample included 156 young adult (age 18-30 years) hookah smokers; 31% smoked hookah monthly and 69% weekly/daily. Prior to viewing messages, a majority endorsed beliefs reflecting misperceptions about the risks of hookah tobacco. Postexposure measures showed participants were receptive to the messages and the messages evoked emotional response. As anticipated, messages produced similar receptivity and there were few differences in emotional response between the messages tested. Discussion. Young adult hookah tobacco smokers were receptive to tailored mobile MMS messages and messages evoked emotional response, two critical precursors to behavior change. Conclusion. Findings indicate that research testing the efficacy of tailored MMS messaging as a strategy for reducing hookah tobacco use in young adults is warranted.
Analyses of determinants of hiking tourism demands on the Jeju Olle hiking trail using zero-truncated negative binomial regression analysis
Authors: Oh Munhyang (Moon) , Kim Seongseop (Sam) , Choi Youngjoon
Published: November 2019

This study identified the determinants of hiking tourism demands to bridge the gap resulting from the absence of evidence in the tourism literature. The main survey was administered through personal interviews with hikers on the Jeju Olle hiking trail in South Korea. The study adopted zero-truncated negative binomial regression analysis to estimate accurately the demands of hikers who have visited the trail at least once. The results indicated that the frequency of visits to the trail decreases by 49% when hikers set a premium on their tour experience of one unit. The visit frequency of tourists who value recreation on the trail was 1.8 times higher than that of tourists who do not. The results will assist trail authorities in allocating budgets, prioritizing the improvement and maintenance of facilities and services, and providing tailored services and facilities to hikers.
Personalized Medicine in Practice: Postgenomics from Multiplicity to Immutability
Authors: Even Chorev Nadav
Published: November 2019

This article explores the ways in which predictive information technologies are used in the field of personalized medicine and the relations between this use and how patients and disease are perceived. This is examined in a qualitative case study of a personalized cancer clinical trial, where oncologists made clinical decisions for each patient based on drug matchings and efficacy predictions produced by bioinformatic technologies and algorithms. I focus on personalized practice itself, as a postgenomic phenomenon, rather than on epistemic, ethical and institutional critiques. Personalized medicine aims to process molecular, clinical, environmental and social data into individually tailored decisions. In this case, however, the engagement of clinicians with data and digital artefacts that processed multiple information sources resulted in treatment choices that were paradoxically both immutable and uncertain. In contrast to the situatedness of the body in postgenomics, this practice subverted the personalized medical approach while decontextualizing both cancer and patients.
Digital participation? Internet use among adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities: A comparative study
Authors: Alfredsson Ågren Kristin , Kjellberg Anette , Hemmingsson Helena
Published: November 2019

Internet use is an integrated part of everyday life, especially among young people. However, knowledge of this for young people with disabilities is scarce. This study investigates digital participation of adolescents with intellectual disabilities by comparing aspects of Internet use among adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities. Cross-sectional comparative design was used and a national survey from the Swedish Media Council was cognitively adapted for adolescents with intellectual disabilities aged 13–20 years. The results reveal that a significantly lower proportion of the 114 participating adolescents with intellectual disabilities had access to Internet-enabled devices and performed Internet activities, except for playing games, than the reference group ( n = 1161). The greatest difference was found in searching for information. Analyses indicate that adolescents with intellectual disabilities are following a similar pattern of Internet use as the reference group, but a digital lag is prevalent, and a more cognitively accessible web could be beneficial.
Size-dependent natural frequencies of functionally graded plate with out of plane material inhomogeneity using Eringen’s theory of nonlocal elasticity
Authors: Singh Piyush Pratap , Azam Mohammad Sikandar , Ranjan Vinayak
Published: November 2019

Nonlocal effect is one of the critical reasons which cause an extraordinary vibration response in small-scale structures. In the present work, vibration characteristics of functionally graded nonlocal plate are studied using Eringen’s nonlocal classical elasticity theory. A computationally efficient numerical method has been proposed in this study by reformulating the classical plate theory and Rayleigh–Ritz method using nonlocal differential relationship of Eringen’s theory in conjugation with algebraic polynomial displacement functions. The reformulated method helps to evaluate the natural frequencies of functionally graded nonlocal plates subjected to all possible combinations of edge conditions. The material properties are assumed to vary through the thickness of the plate following the power law. The computed results of natural frequencies are first tested for convergence and then validated with the published one. A parametric study has been thoroughly conducted focusing on the effects of aspect ratio, nonlocal parameter, material property index and Young’s modulus ratio on the natural frequency parameters of the functionally graded nonlocal plate. It has been observed that the material property index and aspect ratio affect the vibration behaviour of the functionally graded plate. The study also establishes that nonlocal effect has a pronounced influence on the higher modes of vibration of functionally graded plate. 3D mode shapes of functionally graded material nonlocal plate have also been reported.
Establishing a pulmonary rehabilitation programme in primary care in Greece: A FRESH AIR implementation study
Authors: Anastasaki Marilena , Trigoni Maria , Pantouvaki Anna , Trouli Marianna , Mavrogianni Maria , Chavannes Niels , Pooler Jillian , van Kampen Sanne , Jones Rupert , Lionis Christos , Tsiligianni Ioanna
Published: November 2019

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an evidence-based, low-cost, non-medical treatment approach for patients with chronic respiratory diseases. This study aimed to start and assess the feasibility, acceptability and impact of a PR programme on health and quality of life of respiratory patients, for the first time in primary care in Crete, Greece and, particularly, in a low-resource rural setting. This was an implementation study with before–after outcome evaluation and qualitative interviews with patients and stakeholders. In a rural primary healthcare centre, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or asthma were recruited. The implementation strategy included adaptation of a PR programme previously developed in United Kingdom and Uganda and training of clinical staff in programme delivery. The intervention comprised of 6 weeks of exercise and education sessions, supervised by physiotherapists, nurse and general practitioner. Patient outcomes (Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT)) were analysed descriptively. Qualitative outcomes (feasibility, acceptability) were analysed using thematic content analysis. With minor adaptations to the original programme, 40 patients initiated (24 with COPD and 16 with asthma) and 31 completed PR (19 with COPD and 12 with asthma). Clinically important improvements in all outcomes were documented (mean differences (95% CIs) for CCQ: −0.53 (−0.81, −0.24), CAT: −5.93 (−8.27, −3.60), SGRQ: −23.00 (−29.42, −16.58), PHQ-9: −1.10 (−2.32, 0.12), ISWT: 87.39 (59.37, 115.40)). The direct PR benefits and the necessity of implementing similar initiatives in remote areas were highlighted. This study provided evidence about the multiple impacts of a PR programme, indicating that it could be both feasible and acceptable in low-resource, primary care settings.
Structure and properties of high quality natural cellulose nano fibrils from a novel material Ficus natalensis barkcloth
Authors: Farooq Amjad , Jiang Shuai , Farooq Aamir , Naeem Muhammad A , Ahmad Afzal , Liu Lifang
Published: November 2019

We report for the first time the extraction of cellulose nano fibrils from Ficus natalensis barkcloth fibers by means of chemical treatments and catalytic oxidation of cellulose fibers by using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO). After every stage of treatments, the structural properties of barkcloth fibers powder (BC-PW), cellulose fibers (BC-NB) and cellulose nano fibrils (BC-CNF) were carefully characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for morphological analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction techniques for chemical analysis, and thermal properties were done by thermo-gravimetric analysis. FTIR results revealed the progressive removal of non-cellulosic contents and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the crystallinity increased with the successive alkali and bleaching treatments. Finally, by evaluating the TEM images, the average diameter of the nano-cellulose fibrils from Ficus natalensis barkcloth was also confirmed as 28 ± 0.6 nm and the length in hundred nano meters was recorded. The resultant cellulose nano fibrils maintaining the cellulose I structure had dimensional properties in nano-scale, higher crystallinity (68.5), and better thermal stability (305.62°C). The barkcloth cellulose nano fibrils can be used in nano technology like food packing material, nano composites and medical textiles.
Research on electronic medical record access control based on blockchain
Authors: Zhao Yongbin , Cui Meng , Zheng Lijuan , Zhang Rui , Meng Lili , Gao Dong , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2019

For the medical industry, there are problems such as poor sharing of medical data, tampering, and leakage of private data. In view of these problems, a blockchain-based electronic medical record access control research scheme based on the role-based access control model is proposed in this article. First, the appropriate access control strategy is adopted to solve the leakage problem of the user’s medical privacy information during the access process. Then, the information entropy technology is used to quantify the medical data, so that the medical data can be effectively and maximally utilized. Using the distributed general ledger characteristics of blockchain and its inherent security attributes, data islands can be eliminated, data sharing among medical systems can be promoted, access records can be prevented from being tampered with, and medical research and precise medical treatment can be better supported. Through this research, not only can user’s medical privacy information protection be realized during the service process but also patients can manage their own medical data autonomously, which is beneficial to privacy protection under the medical data sharing.
Weighing People Rather Than Food: A Framework for Examining External Validity
Authors: Loyka Caitlin M. , Ruscio John , Edelblum Andrew B. , Hatch Lindsey , Wetreich Brittany , Zabel Amanda
Published: November 2019

Research training in psychological science emphasizes common threats to internal validity, with no comparably systematic or rigorous treatment of external validity. Trade-offs between internal and external validity are well known in some areas (e.g., efficacy vs. effectiveness studies in clinical psychology), less so in others (e.g., forensic research on eyewitness identification, false memories, or confessions). We present a framework for examining external validity grounded in four domains—populations, settings, outcomes, and timeframes—that can be used to enhance the generalizability of findings. We discuss this framework and then illustrate its use by reviewing mindless eating interventions intended to help people lose weight. Research in this published literature seldom samples from appropriate populations (e.g., overweight or obese individuals) or measures appropriate outcomes (e.g., weight change) in appropriate settings (e.g., the home) over appropriate timeframes (e.g., sustained interventions with follow-up) to determine whether practical advice is empirically supported. In their applied work, we encourage psychological scientists to design studies, analyze data, and report findings with greater attention to external validity to demonstrate, rather than assume, the generalizability of findings to the intended populations, settings, outcomes, and timeframes. Editors and reviewers can hold investigators accountable for doing so.
Aldehyde-substituted acceptor-DTE-acceptor-type dithienylethene as a versatile building block for near-infrared photochromic materials
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Qin Ming , Song Yufei , Pei Yingying , Dai Yijie , Ma Yongjie , Li Ziyong
Published: November 2019

A novel aldehyde-substituted acceptor-DTE-acceptor-type dithienylethene derivative, in which the difluoroboron β-diketonate and aldehyde groups at the termini of the dithienylethene function as electron acceptors, has been developed. The structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry (electrospray ionization) and infrared. The derivative displays solvent-dependent photophysical properties, visible light–triggered near-infrared photochromism, and fluorescent switching behavior in solvents of different polarity. Moreover, it can be utilized as a versatile building block to construct novel near-infrared photochromic materials.
Hong Kong’s Growing Separatist Tendencies against China’s Rise: Comparing Mainland and Hong Kong College Students’ National Identities
Authors: Pang Qin , Jiang Fan
Published: November 2019

Why have separatist sentiments increased in Hong Kong despite of China’s growing economic attractiveness? This question is critical for China–Hong Kong relations. However, few studies have explored it from a comparative perspective. This study compares Hong Kong and mainland college students’ national identities by making a series of interlocked surveys and interviews from 2012 to 2016. It shows that Hong Kong students have a much lower sociopolitical identity with China, which proves to be the primary cause for their separatist tendencies. Although they hold a comparably strong pan-Chinese economic identity, it does not strengthen their sociopolitical identity as it does for mainland students. This can be attributed to their post-materialist framework through which they are unlikely to believe that economic development alone can bring sociopolitical improvements. The findings imply that China faces serious difficulties in turning its economic strength into political charm in societies with strong post-materialist values.