bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Psycho- vs. Socio-Linguistics Theories
Authors: Alcántara-Pilar Juan Miguel , del Barrio-García Salvador , Crespo-Almendros Esmeralda , Porcu Lucia
Published: June 2015

This chapter offers an overview of the key socio-psycholinguistic theories and their application to the marketing sphere. Among the models examined, of particular note are the Markedness Model (Myers-Scotton, 1999), the Revised Hierarchical Model (Kroll & Steward, 1994) and the Conceptual Features Model (De Groot, 1992). Examining these three models in particular, we review the key concepts of Code-switching, Cultural Frame-Switching and Foreign Language Display, which have been widely used in the marketing and consumer behavior disciplines. The chapter also puts forward potential future lines of research in linguistics and its application to marketing.
Cultural Frame Switching
Authors: Noriega Jaime
Published: June 2015

This chapter discusses a phenomenon referred to as cultural frame switching; a psychological process experienced by bicultural individuals whereby exposure to a culturally significant cue or stimulus causes the individual to instinctively process the information through one of two cultural mind frames – one more closely aligned to the individual's cultural identity as a member of the dominant culture, the other more closely aligned to the individual's identity as a member of an ethnic or immigrant and usually subordinate culture. As a result of this differential activation, the individual then processes the information and responds within the cultural mind frame activated by the cue. This chapter will look at: the antecedents of this phenomenon; the many cues which can activate either cultural identity; existing research on the subject matter; and the many ways corporate America and Madison Avenue may be overlooking this research thereby missing a valuable opportunity.
Towards a Nationally Pertinent System of Knowledge, Science, and Technology
Authors: Aguilar Jose , Terán Oswaldo
Published: June 2015

This chapter describes an autochthonous system of Knowledge, Science, and Technology (KST): its actors, policies, strategies, and instruments. It is proposed to create it via a continuous reflection-action process. Such a system is aimed at promoting an autonomous nation, and will strongly rest on culturally free KST, beyond its actual conception (as universally valid, and neutral) in the Western Society. We argue that since the culture, problems and needs of the western nations are different from those of the non-western nations, such as Latinamerica, Africa or the Muslim World, the use of western KST in non-western societies without an appropriate reflection about national and local pertinence, generates dependence on KST that has very limited local societal benefits, and prevents developing an autonomous and pertinent KST system – non-western societies can only superficially capture the creations of the western society. To overcome this, we suggest that non-western nations must generate an autochthonous KST system.
Information Literacy Instruction for International Students
Authors: Zanin-Yost Alessia
Published: June 2015

International students bring cultural and diversity awareness to an institution, but they also bring a variety of assumptions about how research is conducted in the United States. In developing an outreach plan to international students, the academic library should create services that cater specifically to this student population. By developing collaborations with other campus units, the library can foster academic success and at the same time build a sense of community for the undergraduate international student population. The chapter illustrates how through collaboration the library can become an active participant in supporting the academic mission of the institution, foster a sense of belonging among the students, and strengthen campus relationships among various entities, in particular, international students.
Incrementally Building Community and User Engagement in the UC San Diego Library
Authors: Goodson Kymberly
Published: June 2015

The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Library's inaugural Learning Spaces (LSP) Program was formally established on July 1, 2013 through a library-wide reorganization process spanning 2012-2014. As a new program whose offerings remained in development, 2013-2014 presented the opportunity organizationally to initiate new library services and amenities and to adopt a new path based on the program's initial strategic objectives. This chapter details several of the ways in which the program began during its first year to accomplish its goals of engaging library users, building a sense of community and patron ownership within the library's learning spaces, establishing a culture of assessment among program staff, and developing library spaces where students feel welcomed and supported in their academic life. Activities detailed in the chapter are provided as examples for other libraries working toward similar outcomes. Additionally, a limited literature review of library engagement and community building in libraries is presented, along with research support for many of the Learning Spaces Program's new initiatives.
If You Build It Will They Come?
Authors: Ippoliti Cinthya
Published: June 2015

The notion of the learning commons has become the benchmark for service delivery in academic libraries. Current best practices inform the broadening of library services by building relationships with campus academic support units to create a synergistic combination that redefines the research experience of our students by meeting them where they are. This concept expands the boundaries of the traditional library and calls for a reconfiguration of spaces, resources and services focused on supporting the learning needs of the community. The commons becomes a catalyst for new learning and interaction opportunities for students. This chapter will detail the process the University of Maryland underwent to establish this culture of inclusion and innovation in the Terrapin Learning Commons (TLC) which began as an empty new floor of the McKeldin Library (the undergraduate library) in 2010 and has since expanded to become a hub of activity surrounding learning spaces, programming, and a host of cutting edge technological services and resources.
UN NUOVO DUVALIUS DELLA SICILIA (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE)
Authors: Magrini Paolo , Baviera Cosimo , Petrioli Andrea
Published: June 2015

Nella presente nota viene descritta una nuova specie e una nuova linea filetica di Duvalius della Sicilia. La nuova linea filetica si distingue da quelle già note per i seguenti caratteri: elitre assolutamente piatte e spianate; angoli omerali retti, con apice arrotondato; linea basale delle elitre suborizzontale; capo di grandi dimensioni; dente distale della mandibola destra grande e nettamente distanziato dai due mesiali; edeago e lamella copulatrice di piccolissime dimensioni. La nuova specie risulta ben diversa dagli altri Duvalius noti, non solo siciliani, per i caratteri riportati nel testo. La lamella copulatrice del maschio presenta un apice trifido, con il fanero mediano più grande e più lungo dei due laterali.
SCIDMENIDI AFROTROPICALI DEL MUSEO DI ZOOLOGIA DELL’UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA “LA SAPIENZA” (COLEOPTERA, SCYDMAENIDAE)
Authors: Castellini Giorgio
Published: June 2015

Sono esaminati alcuni lotti di esemplari conservati nelle collezioni del Museo di Zoologia dell’Università di Roma “La Sapienza”. In premessa viene svolta qualche breve riflessione sull’incertezza delle descrizioni degli autori “classici” e sugli errori che da esse possono nascere; vengono altresì esposti i criteri seguiti nell’accertamento delle sinonimie. Si descrivono le seguenti nuove specie: Cephennodes glabella, Cephennomicrus zoiai, Euconnus brignolii, E. calcagnoi, E. carpanetoi, E. confertus, E. cottarellii, E. patrizii, E. quadrarius, E. sica, E. vignai. Si stabiliscono le seguenti nuove sinonimie: Scydmaenus trifidus Franz, 1961 = paratrifidus Franz, 1980 = trifidiformis Franz, 1980; Scydmaenus steelae Lhoste, 1939 = watsae Cauchois, 1955 = ugandae Franz, 1962 = ifensis Franz, 1977 = pseudoifensis Franz, 1987 = pseudowatsae Franz, 1990; Scydmaenus abyssinicus (Reitter, 1880) = pseudoantennatus Franz, 1979 = antennatus ripicola Franz, 1980; Scydmaenus vicinus Franz, 1961 = medleri Franz, 1977; Scydmaenus gemellus (Reitter, 1882) = gemelloaffinis Franz, 1982. 251
UNA NUOVA SPECIE DI TRIODONTELLA DELLA SARDEGNA OCCIDENTALE (COLEOPTERA, MELOLONTHIDAE)
Authors: Leo Piero , Fancello Luca
Published: June 2015

Viene descritta Triodontella mimula n. sp. della Sardegna occidentale (locus typicus.: Oristano, foce fiume Tirso), affine a T. raymondi (Perris, 1869) ma nettamente distinta per la forma dei parameri. Viene definito su base morfologica il gruppo naturale di specie di Triodontella raymondi e si discute l’ecologia e la faunistica di T. mimula n. sp. e T. raymondi, evidenziandone la vicarianza in Sardegna.
REDESCRIPTION OF PANTECPHYLUS MAJOR GRIFFINI, 1909, REPRESENTING A NEW SUBGENUS (ORTHOPTEROIDEA, PSEUDOPHYLLIDAE)
Authors: Schmidt Gerhard H.
Published: June 2015

Pantecphylus major Griffini was redescribed and regarded as subgenus Griffinius n. subgen. The species is remarkably different from other species of the genus. Only adult females and a young nymph were available. They were separated by the size of body, a bilobate fastigium verticis, the lack of a transverse sulcus of the pronotum, and the presence of two rows of long hairy spines on all femora. The body lenght of adult females was 37-38 mm, the females of the other species measuring no more than 34 mm.
QUEINNECTRECHUS FABBRII, NEW SPECIES OF TRECHINE BEETLE FROM THE ZHEDUO SHAN MOUNTAINS, SOUTH-WESTERN CHINA (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE)
Authors: Casale Achille , Magrini Paolo
Published: June 2015

Queinnectrechus fabbrii, new species of trechine beetle from the Zheduo Shan Mountains (Sichuan, south-western China), is described. Specimens of the new taxon have been sampled on the western slopes of the mountain at 4300-4500 m, in alpine pastures with Rhododendron. The new species is sympatric, but not syntopic, in the same mountain with two other Queinnectrechus species, i.e. Q. zheduoshanus Uéno, 1998 and Q. glacialis Uéno, 1998, both of them living on the eastern slopes, the first at 3250 m, in forest, and the second on moraines at 3870-3920 m, respectively. Morphological and diagnostic features of the new taxon are described and illustrated. Furthermore, a key is given for identification of the closely related species of the genus, known so far from the Gongga Shan massif and its vicinities.
XANTHOLININI DELLA CINA, DELLA REGIONE ORIENTALE E DELL’AUSTRALIA. NUOVE SPECIE E NUOVI DATI GEONEMICI (COLEOPTERA, STAPHYLINIDAE)
Authors: Bordoni Arnaldo
Published: June 2015

L’autore descrive Erymus sinicus n. sp. del Fujian, affine a E. dalianus Bordoni dello Yunnan; Atopolinus brunneus n. sp. del Sichuan, affine a A. mirandus Bordoni del Meghalaya. Vengono forniti nuovi dati geonemici sugli Xantholinini della Cina e della Corea. L’autore descrive inoltre Thyreocephalus nigricantis n. sp. della Penisola Malese, affine a T. perakensis Bordoni della stessa Malesia, T. catastrophicus n. sp. delle isole della Sonda, caratteristico per la forma e la punteggiatura del capo, e Symilla cardamonica n. sp. del Tamil Nadu (India), affine a S. pulchra Bordoni e S. deplumis Bordoni dell’India meridionale e fornisce nuovi dati geonemici per altri Xantholinini della Regione Orientale. L’autore descrive infine Australinus bispinosus n. sp. dell’Australia, affine a A. sexsulciceps (Lea) della stessa isola e Mitomorphus habbemanus n. sp. dell’Irian Jaya, isolato dalle congeneri per dimensioni, colorazione e punteggiatura; sono elencati nuovi dati geonemici relativi ad altri Xantholinini dell’Australia. Le seguenti specie sono nuove per le regioni indicate: Stenistoderus sinicus (Corea), Thyreocephalus amphidaseus (Pakistan), Adhavara ferrugunea (Cina), Phacophallus japonicus (Cambogia), Xanthophius filum (Cambogia), Yunna micophora (Shaanxi).
GLI SCARABEOIDEI DELL’ISOLA DI NISYROS (DODECANESO, GRECIA) (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEOIDEA)
Authors: Arnone Marcello , Lo Cascio Pietro , Grita Flavia
Published: June 2015

Vengono elencate 21 specie di Scarabaeidae e 1 di Glaphyridae raccolte a Nisyros e brevemente analizzati alcuni aspetti zoogeografici ed ecologici del popolamento dell’isola. Tra i coprofagi prevalgono i K-strateghi. Lo spettro corologico è caratterizzato dalla maggiore presenza di specie ad ampia distribuzione. Vengono inoltre figurati caratteri utili per l’identificazione di Anoxia pasiphae Reitter, 1890.
Editorial
Authors: Audisio Paolo
Published: June 2015

Not required
On the true identity of Curculio pericarpius Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Huang Junhao , Colonnelli Enzo
Published: June 2015

Basing on the study of the type specimen of Curculio pericarpius Linnaeus, 1758 preserved in the Linnean Collection in London, and here designated as the lectotype, it was found that this name was misapplied to another close species of the genus Rhinoncus Schoenherr, 1825 starting from the Paykull 1792 misidentification. As a consequence, the following new synonymies are established: Rhinoncus pericarpius (Linnaeus, 1758) [= Curculio castor Fabricius, 1792, syn. n.; = Curculio interstitialis Reich, 1787, syn. n.; = Curculio scabratus Fabricius, 1792, syn. n.; = Curculio fruticulosus Herbst, 1795, syn. n.; = Curculio interstitialis Reich, 1797, syn. n.; = Rhynchaenus seniculus Gravenhorst, 1807, syn. n.; = Campylirhynchus quadricornis (Gyllenhal, 1813) sensu Dejean, 1821: 85 [misidentification] not Rhynchaenus quadricornis Gyllenhal, 1813, syn. n.; = Rhinoncus flavipes Stephens, 1831, syn. n.; = Rhinoncus rufipes Stephens, 1831, syn. n.; = Rhinoncus granulipennis Gyllenhal, 1837, syn. n.; = Rhinoncus pyrrhopus Boheman, 1845 sensu Hatch & Kincaid,1958: 20 [misidentification] not Rhinoncus pyrrhopus Boheman, 1845, syn. n.]; and Rhinoncus leucostigma (Marsham, 1802) [ = Curculio pericarpius Linnaeus, 1758 sensu Paykull, 1792 [misidentification] not Curculio pericarpius Linnaeus, 1758, syn. n.; = Cryptorhis herbstii Billberg, 1820: 43 [replacement name for Curculio pericarpius Linnaeus sensu Paykull, 1792], syn. n.; = Rhinoncus spartii Stephens, 1831, syn. n.; = Rhinoncus sanguinipes Reitter, 1916, syn. n.; = Rhinoncus pericarpius ssp. montanus Hoffmann, 1960, syn. n.]. Lectotypes are designated for Curculio pericarpius Linnaeus, 1758 and Curculio leucostigma Marsham, 1802. A neotype is selected for Curculio interstitialis Reich, 1797.
A new species of Smicromyrme from Israel (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)
Authors: Lo Cascio Pietro , Grita Flavia
Published: June 2015

Smicromyrme bartolozzii sp. n. is described from a female specimen collected in a coastal desert of Israel. The new species is similar to S. ellipsifera (Gribodo, 1884), known for some localities of Eritrea, Ethiopia, Egypt and Djibouti. Sculpture of the pygidial plate, punctuation of the head and some morphological features of mesosoma are the main differential characters between both species.
A comparison of the ability of three common contact lens solutions with different constituents to inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Oberholzer Marsha , Raubenheimer Jacques , Lyell Marga , Pieterse Sade , Keyser Aveli , Rautenbach Armandt , Van Rooyen Suandré
Published: June 2015

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a common commensal on skin and mucosal surfaces; its contact with the eye may cause a variety of ocular inflammations and infections such as blepharitis, conjunctivitis and keratitis, amongst others. Soft contact lenses provide perfect conditions for the breeding of certain pathogens, and disinfecting solutions for contact lenses are therefore of utmost importance. These solutions should be effective in inhibiting the growth of a variety of pathogens to protect the user from ocular infections.Aim: To highlight the need for clinicians to be aware of the effects of various recommended disinfecting contact lens solutions.Method: Three popular disinfecting contact lens solutions readily available in South Africa were chosen. These and a control solution (saline) were prepared and inoculated with S. aureus to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of each solution. The primary stand-alone test was used to evaluate the solutions according to the ISO standard specifically for this purpose.Results: The test results indicated that two of the solutions met the ISO standards; the third failed. Of the two that passed the test, only one showed the required 3-log reduction after 30 minutes, as per the ISO standard, although this solution is marketed as a ’10 minute system’.Conclusion: It is important for clinicians to be aware of the complications that may be caused by contaminated solutions, and patients should be warned about the effects thereof. To ensure healthy eyes for our patients, sufficient knowledge regarding the efficacy of recommended multipurpose solutions is necessary. Solutions that meet ISO standards promote good ocular health and ensure sufficient cleaning and disinfecting of contact lenses.
Euripides’s Helena and Pentateuch traditions: The Septuagint from the perspective of Ancient Greek Tragedies
Authors: Dafni Evangelia G.
Published: June 2015

In some cases discussed below, the present form of the Septuagint is not representative of how Ancient Greek Tragedies were received by the LXX translators, but of how Old Testament traditions in Greek form were received by the tragedians.
Factors that influence functional ability in individuals with spinal cord injury: A cross-sectional, observational study
Authors: Hastings Bronwyn M. , Ntsiea Mokgobadibe V. , Olorunju Steve
Published: June 2015

Background: Spinal cord injuries result in devastating impairments that can produce severe functional limitations. However, few documented studies have investigated the levels of function and factors that influence functional ability at discharge from in-patient rehabilitation facilities in Gauteng following such injuries. This necessitated further investigation.Method: Fifty participants were recruited for this cross-sectional, observational study. Participants were recruited from one private and one government spinal rehabilitation unit in Gauteng. A custom-developed questionnaire was used to establish the physical and demographic characteristics of the sample, whilst existing classification scales and measures were used to establish the degree of a lesion and a patient’s associated functional ability. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine factors that influenced the level of functional ability.Results: Patients achieved an average functional independence score of 64.6 (± 27.6) at discharge according to the Spinal Cord Independence Measure III. Longer stays at rehabilitation facilities were associated with higher scores, whereas scores decreased with increasing patient age. Pressure sores and spasticity affected scores negatively. The type of funding also influenced patients’ scores, with government funding being associated with the best outcome. Both the degree and the level at which the injury occurred could be considered predictive measures that influenced functional independence scores.Conclusion: Most participants were not functionally independent at discharge. Factors such as patient age, length of rehabilitation, presence of pressure sores or spasticity, degree of motor ability and location of the injury should be considered in tailoring rehabilitation therapy.
Does GOSAT capture the true seasonal cycle of XCO2?
Authors: Lindqvist H. , O'Dell C. W. , Basu S. , Boesch H. , Chevallier F. , Deutscher N. , Feng L. , Fisher B. , Hase F. , Inoue M. , Kivi R. , Morino I. , Palmer P. I. , Parker R. , Schneider M. , Sussmann R. , Yoshida Y.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The seasonal cycle accounts for a dominant mode of total column CO2 (XCO2) annual variability and is connected to CO2 uptake and release; it thus represents an important variable to accurately measure from space. We quantitatively evaluate the XCO2 seasonal cycle of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) observations from the Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) retrieval system, and compare average regional seasonal cycle features to those directly measured by the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We analyze the mean seasonal cycle amplitude, dates of maximum and minimum XCO2, as well as the regional growth rates in XCO2 through the fitted trend over several years. We find that GOSAT generally captures the seasonal cycle amplitude within 1.0 ppm accuracy compared to TCCON, except in Europe, where the difference exceeds 1.0 ppm at two sites, and the amplitude captured by GOSAT is generally shallower compared to TCCON. This bias over Europe is not as large for the other GOSAT retrieval algorithms (NIES v02.21, RemoTeC v2.35, UoL v5.1, and NIES PPDF-S v.02.11), although they have significant biases at other sites. The ACOS bias correction was found to partially explain the shallow amplitude over Europe. The impact of the TCCON retrieval version, co-location method, and aerosol changes in the ACOS algorithm were also tested, and found to be few tenths-of-a-ppm and mostly non-systematic. We find generally good agreement in the date of minimum XCO2 between ACOS and TCCON, but ACOS generally infers a date of maximum XCO2 2–3 weeks later than TCCON. We further analyze the latitudinal dependence of the seasonal cycle amplitude throughout the Northern Hemisphere, and compare the dependence to that predicted by current optimized models that assimilate in-situ measurements of CO2. In the zonal averages, GOSAT agrees with the models to within 1.4 ppm, depending on the model and latitude. We also show that the seasonal cycle of XCO2 depends on longitude especially at the mid-latitudes: the amplitude of GOSAT XCO2 doubles from West US to East Asia at 45–50° N, which is only partially shown by the models. In general, we find that model-to-model differences can be larger than GOSAT-to-model differences. These results suggest that GOSAT retrievals of the XCO2 seasonal cycle may be sufficiently accurate to evaluate land surface models in regions with significant discrepancies between the models.
Seasonal lake surface water temperature trends reflected by heterocyst glycolipid-based molecular thermometers
Authors: Bauersachs T. , Rochelmeier J. , Schwark L.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. It has been demonstrated that the relative distribution of heterocyst glycolipids (HGs) in cultures of N2-fixing heterocystous cyanobacteria is largely controlled by growth temperature, suggesting a potential use of these components in paleoenvironmental studies. Here, we investigated the effect of environmental parameters (e.g., surface water temperatures, oxygen concentrations and pH) on the distribution of HGs in a natural system using water column filtrates collected from Lake Schreventeich (Kiel, Germany) from late July to the end of October 2013. HPLC-ESI/MS (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry) analysis revealed a dominance of 1-(O-hexose)-3,25-hexacosanediols (HG26 diols) and 1-(O-hexose)-3-keto-25-hexacosanol (HG26 keto-ol) in the solvent-extracted water column filtrates, which were accompanied by minor abundances of 1-(O-hexose)-3,27-octacosanediol (HG28 diol) and 1-(O-hexose)-3-keto-27-octacosanol (HG28 keto-ol) as well as 1-(O-hexose)-3,25,27-octacosanetriol (HG28 triol) and 1-(O-hexose)-3-keto-25,27-octacosanediol (HG28 keto-diol). Fractional abundances of alcoholic and ketonic HGs generally showed strong linear correlations with surface water temperatures and no or only weak linear correlations with both oxygen concentrations and pH. Changes in the distribution of the most abundant diol and keto-ol (e.g., HG26 diol and HG26 keto-ol) were quantitatively expressed as the HDI26 (heterocyst diol index of 26 carbon atoms) with values of this index ranging from 0.89 in mid-August to 0.66 in mid-October. An average HDI26 value of 0.79, which translates into a calculated surface water temperature of 15.8 ± 0.3 °C, was obtained from surface sediments collected from Lake Schreventeich. This temperature – and temperatures obtained from other HG indices (e.g., HDI28 and HTI28) – is similar to the one measured during maximum cyanobacterial productivity in early to mid-September and suggests that HGs preserved in the sediment record of Lake Schreventeich reflect summer surface water temperatures. As N2-fixing heterocystous cyanobacteria are widespread in present-day freshwater and brackish environments, we conclude that the distribution of HGs in sediments may allow for the reconstruction of surface water temperatures of modern and potentially ancient lacustrine settings.
SiSeRHMap v1.0: a simulator for mapped seismic response using a hybrid model
Authors: Grelle G. , Bonito L. , Lampasi A. , Revellino P. , Guerriero L. , Sappa G. , Guadagno F. M.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. SiSeRHMap is a computerized methodology capable of drawing up prediction maps of seismic response. It was realized on the basis of a hybrid model which combines different approaches and models in a new and non-conventional way. These approaches and models are organized in a code-architecture composed of five interdependent modules. A GIS (Geographic Information System) Cubic Model (GCM), which is a layered computational structure based on the concept of lithodynamic units and zones, aims at reproducing a parameterized layered subsoil model. A metamodeling process confers a hybrid nature to the methodology. In this process, the one-dimensional linear equivalent analysis produces acceleration response spectra of shear wave velocity-thickness profiles, defined as trainers, which are randomly selected in each zone. Subsequently, a numerical adaptive simulation model (Spectra) is optimized on the above trainer acceleration response spectra by means of a dedicated Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) and the Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) as the final optimizer. In the final step, the GCM Maps Executor module produces a serial map-set of a stratigraphic seismic response at different periods, grid-solving the calibrated Spectra model. In addition, the spectra topographic amplification is also computed by means of a numerical prediction model. This latter is built to match the results of the numerical simulations related to isolate reliefs using GIS topographic attributes. In this way, different sets of seismic response maps are developed, on which, also maps of seismic design response spectra are defined by means of an enveloping technique.
Assessment of Halon-1301 as a groundwater age tracer
Authors: Beyer M. , van der Raaij R. , Morgenstern U. , Jackson B.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Groundwater dating is an important tool to assess groundwater resources in regards to their dynamics, i.e. direction and timescale of groundwater flow and recharge, contamination risks and manage remediation. To infer groundwater age information, a combination of different environmental tracers, such as tritium and SF6, are commonly used. However, ambiguous age interpretations are often faced, due to a limited set of available tracers and their individual restricted application ranges. For more robust groundwater dating multiple tracers need to be applied complementarily (or other characterisation methods need to be used to complement tracer information). It is important that additional, groundwater age tracers are found to ensure robust groundwater dating in future. We have recently suggested that Halon-1301, a water soluble and entirely anthropogenic gaseous substance, may be a promising candidate, but its behaviour in water and suitability as a groundwater age tracer had not yet been assessed in detail. In this study, we determined Halon-1301 and inferred age information in 17 New Zealand groundwater samples and various modern (river) water samples. The samples were simultaneously analysed for Halon-1301 and SF6, which allowed for identification of issues such as contamination of the water with modern air during sampling. All analysed groundwater sites had also been previously dated with tritium, CFC-12, CFC-11 and SF6, and exhibited mean residence times ranging from modern (close to 0 years) to over 100 years. The investigated groundwater samples ranged from oxic to highly anoxic. All samples with available CFC data were degraded and/or contaminated in one or both of CFC-11 and CFC-12. This allowed us to make a first attempt of assessing the conservativeness of Halon-1301 in water, in terms of presence of local sources and its sensitivity towards degradation, which could affect the suitability of Halon-1301 as groundwater age tracer. Overall we found Halon-1301 reliably inferred the mean residence time of groundwater recharged between 1980 and 2014. Where direct age comparison could be made 71% of mean age estimates for the studied groundwater sites were in agreement with ages inferred from tritium and SF6 (within an uncertainty of 1 standard deviation). The remaining (anoxic) sites showed reduced concentrations of Halon-1301 along with even further reduced concentrations of CFCs. The reason(s) for this need to be further assessed, but are likely to be caused by sorption or degradation of the compounds. Despite some groundwater samples showing evidence of contamination from industrial or agricultural sources (inferred by elevated CFC concentrations), no sample showed a significantly elevated concentration of Halon-1301, which suggests no local anthropogenic or geologic sources of Halon-1301 contamination.
Pakistan Strives to be Nuclear Power: Changed Security Environment in South Asia
Authors: Musarrat Razia
Published: June 2015

Pakistan and India have remained arch rivals since their inception in 1947 fought three major wars with issue of Kashmir as their main bone of contention. Due to its size and population India always had an edge on Pakistan. Pakistan only measure for its territorial integrity was to have a strong deterrence which it achieved in the form of its nuclear weapons. India left Pakistan with no choice. Analytical technique is used while conducting this research for proving that nuclear deterrence was the only way for putting a leash on Indian aggression and constant threat.   * Updated and revised
An Unusual Case of a Nasal Foreign Body in a Cat with Chronic Nasal Discharge
Authors: Bellei Emma , Pisoni Luciano , Joechler Monika , Pietra Marco
Published: June 2015

This report describes a cat infected with the feline infectious virus and a 1 yr history of unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge. Intraoral radiography and endoscopic examination revealed the presence of a large fragment of tooth root in the right nasal cavity. The cat had previously undergone maxillary canine tooth (104) extraction. The root was successfully removed by an endoscopic-assisted procedure, and follow-up examination 1 yr later documented complete disappearance of the respiratory signs.
Methylmalonic Aciduria Secondary to Selective Cobalamin Malabsorption in a Yorkshire Terrier
Authors: McLauchlan Gerard , McLaughlin Angela , Sewell Adrian C. , Bell Rory
Published: June 2015

An 8 wk old male Yorkshire terrier was presented with a 2 wk history of recurrent hypoglycemia, lethargy, and seizures. Investigations revealed a marked increase in blood ammonia, low serum cobalamin, and increased levels of urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA) excretion. No liver vascular abnormality was detected. The patient was diagnosed with methylmalonic aciduria due to cobalamin malabsorption. The patient responded well to parenteral cobalamin administration, and the urinary MMA levels normalized rapidly following instigation of treatment. Due to the suspected hereditary nature of selective cobalamin deficiency, one sibling of this dog was screened and found to be normal. This is the first reported case of MMA secondary to hypocobalaminemia in Yorkshire terriers, and the second report of this disease in a dog in the United Kingdom. Given the fact that clinical signs of MMA are similar to those seen in dogs with portosystemic shunts and that Yorkshire terriers are predisposed to liver vascular abnormalities, this case report adds important clinical information to the current available literature.
Recorrido por el patrimonio geológico y minero del Bajo Aragón, desde La Venta de la Pintada a Los Olmos, Alcorisa y Alcañíz
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Pocoví Juan Andrés , Vilaltella Jaume
Published: June 2015

En esta ocasión se realizará un itinerario localizado en un área totalmente situada en la comarca del Bajo Aragón, desde principio a fin, entre las localidades de la Mata de los Olmos, los Olmos, Alcorisa, Calanda y Alcañíz (la capital administrativa de esta comarca). Por otra parte, el recorrido se centrará en un principio en el Sistema Ibérico (entre la Venta de la Pintada), para entrar después en la Depresión Geológica del Ebro, que ya no se abandonará hasta el fin del recorrido. En el primer tramo se Irán encontrando diferentes afloramientos de los materiales mesozoicos y de los materiales cenozoicos. En el primer caso, nos encontraremos fundamentalmente con afloramientos de los materiales del Jurásico y sobretodo del Cretácico, fundamentalmente del Albiense. Precisamente, algunas de las diferentes paradas del recorrido las efectuaremos en los afloramientos de la Formación Utrillas y otros en los de la Formación Escucha.  Por lo que concierne a los afloramientos de los materiales cenozoicos, cabe señalar que en su mayoría pertenecen al Oligoceno, el cual recubre parte de las formaciones mesozoicas mencionadas anteriormente.
Itinerario geológico a través del patrimonio geológico y minero entre Mequinenza, Almatret, Riba-Roja d´Ebre y la Pobla de la Massaluca (Baix Cinca, Baix Segre, Ribera d´Ebre y Terra alta, depresión geológica del Ebro)
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim , Pocoví Juan Andrés , Vilaltella Jaume
Published: June 2015

En esta ocasión se realizará un itinerario localizado en un área muy pequeña, pero con unas connotaciones muy especiales: se trata de un recorrido por una cuenca lignitífera, por la Cuenca Lignitífera de Mequinenza. Ésta, como es conocido, se halla en la Depresión Geológica del Ebro, repartiéndose entre varias comarcas de Cataluña y de Aragón. Así pues, este recorrido transitará por varias de ellas: Bajo Cinca / Baix Cinca, Segrià, Ribera de Ebre y Terra Alta. La primera se sitúa en Aragón (entre las provincias de Huesca y Zaragoza); mientras que las otras tres se ubican en Cataluña (la primera en Lleida y las otras dos en Tarragona). Así, la Cuenca Lignitífera de Mequinenza y también el itinerario, se hallan situados en la Depresión Geológica de el Ebro, entre los afloramientos cenozoicos que forman parte de la denominada Formación Mequinenza. Una parte importante del recorrido, se va a dedicar a observar el rico Patrimonio Minero, generado tras casi 150 años de explotaciones mineras en esta cuenca, que aún ahora sigue en plena actividad. Sin duda alguna, la conservación, valorización y utilización de este patrimonio es un importante factor económico a tener en cuenta.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca de l´Alt Urgell (amb una petita fillola per la comarca del Solsonès): des de la Vansa a Fornols de Cadí, Cornellana, Tuixent i al Coll del Port
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria
Published: June 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 13 de juliol de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà, en la seva totalitat pel Sistema Pirinenc. I ho farà per dues de les seves sotsunitats.. Així, es circularà per tres de les seves sots unitats: pel Mantell del Pedraforca Inferior, pel Mantell del Pedraforca Superior i pel Mantell del Cadí. Així, el recorregut s´iniciarà dintre dels afloraments mesozoics (del Triàsic, del Juràssic i del Cretàcic)  que formen part del Mantell del Pedraforca Inferior, per on es circularà entre la Vansa i el Coll del Port, tret d´alguns sectors situats prop de Cornellana de Cadí i del mateix Coll de Port. En aquests altres sectors, es circularà pel Mantell del Pedraforca Superior (amb afloraments del Cretàcic) i pel Mantell del Cadí., entre afloraments de materials cenozoics del Paleocè – Eocè. Per altra banda, tot i que el recorregut de l´itinerari transitarà per la comarca de l´Alt Urgell (entre la Vansa i el Coll de Port), a la darrera aturada es farà una lleu entrada a la comarca veïna del Solsonès, per on finalitzarà el recorregut d´aquest itinerari.
MESTO I ULOGA AKCIZA U SAVREMENIM PORESKIM SISTEMIMA
Authors: Stojković Aleksandar
Published: June 2015

Akcize (Trošarine) su poseban oblik poreza na promet i jedan od najstarijih poreskih oblika. Akcizama se oporezuju proizvodi sa neelastičnom tražnjom, a poreski obveznici su proizvođači i uvoznici. Poreska osnovica je određena mernom jedinicom (kg, litar i sl.), a iznosi su u apsolutnim vrednostima (npr. 33 din na 1 paklu cigareta). Predstavljaju veoma izdašan fiskalni prihod. Na cenu proizvoda dodaje se iznos akcize, a onda se na taj zbirni iznos obračunava još PDV. Kao što je u naslovu naznačeno, u radu analiziramo mesto i ulogu akciza u savremenim poreskim sistemima.
РАЗВОЈ РУРАЛНОГ ТУРИЗМА У ЕВРОПСКОЈ УНИЈИ
Authors: Gašić Marko , Ivanović Vladan , Komadina Milan
Published: June 2015

Рурални туризам се дефинише као туризам кога производи “рурална средина” за посетиоце, нудећи комбинацију природних, културних и људских искустава која обично имају рурални карактер. То је у ствари, утапање посетилаца у аутентична, оригинална и провинцијска искуства која представљају суштину сеоског живота. Смештај у руралним срединама има за циљ да прикаже рурални живот, уметност, културу и наслеђе руралних подручја. Рурални развој, као једна од области регионалне политике, је кључни инструмент за реструктурирање пољопривредног сектора и  активирање туристичких потенцијала који ће бити привлачни туристима. Предмет овог рада је развој руралног туризма у ЕУ и укључује дефинисање руралног туризма, међузависност руралног туризма и руралног развоја, стање у ЕУ и искуства неких земаља чланица ЕУ.
Les arts wendats au service de la diplomatie et de la traite
Authors: de Stecher Annette
Published: June 2015

Cet article porte sur les oeuvres artisanales des femmes wendates duxixesiècle dans le contexte plus large des traditions des arts visuels wendats. En plus des objets commerciaux, l’auteure présente des objets faits pour être utilisés lors d’occasions cérémonielles et rituelles spéciales, et qui avaient aussi une valeur importante dans la communauté. Ces deux catégories d’artisanat dévoilent la façon dont les femmes wendates adaptaient leurs traditions artistiques aux sphères économiques et diplomatiques du monde colonial, et ce avec grand succès. Ces arts ont aidé la communauté à conserver une vision du monde amérindienne et ont préservé des traditions culturelles qui se sont perpétuées d’une génération à l’autre, tout en intégrant des innovations créatives. Ils démontrent aussi le rôle diplomatique important joué par les oeuvres présentées aux dignitaires eurocanadiens et européens dans un contexte cérémoniel, afin d’établir et de maintenir des relations politiques et économiques harmonieuses.
Experimental study of sealing performance:2. Effects of particle size distribution on threshold pressure of sintered compacts
Authors: Sorai Masao , Kano Yuki , Honda Katsuya
Published: June 2015

In connection with an assessment of the sealing performance of a caprock such as mudstone for geologic CO2 sequestration, we prepared sintered compacts comprising two different‐sized silica beads with various particle size ratios and mixing ratios. Then we examined the correlation between permeability k and threshold pressure Pcth of the samples. Specifically, Pcth was measured in supercritical CO2‐water system under conditions of 1000 m depth (10 MPa and 40°C). A series of studies was conducted to identify factors affecting data variability on the Pcth‐k correlation chart and to ascertain the variation ranges of both parameters. This paper corresponds to a second step of work, following previous measurements obtained from monodisperse samples. The sample's k showed good correlation with both the mixing ratio and mean area diameter, whereas Pcth with great variation was correlated with neither parameter. In this context, results suggest that Pcth, which was controlled by local structures within samples, could not be predicted simply from the pore diameter distribution. Regarding the Pcth‐k correlation, monodisperse samples are scattered around the closest‐packing line. In contrast, bidisperse samples are shown mainly below the closest‐packing line. Moreover, the slope of a fitting line on the Pcth‐k double logarithmic chart was lowered from −0.62 for monodisperse particles to −0.43 for bidisperse particles. Nevertheless, the low slope on mudstone cannot be explained solely by the effect of the particle size distribution. Therefore, the contribution of the particle configuration is expected to be greater as a factor affecting the internal structure of mudstone.
The climatological distribution of extreme Arctic winds and implications for ocean and sea ice processes
Authors: Hughes Mimi , Cassano John J.
Published: June 2015

Some of the strongest near‐surface winds on Earth form in the Arctic and sub‐Arctic due to intense midlatitude cyclones and mesoscale processes, and these strong surface winds have important impacts on ocean and sea ice processes. We examine the climatological distribution of over‐ocean, near‐surface wind speeds within a Pan‐Arctic domain for 18 years (1990–2007) in four gridded data sets: the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Interim reanalysis (ERA‐I), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, version 2 of the Common Ocean‐Ice Reference Experiment data set, and a regional climate simulation generated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model run at 50 km (WRF50) horizontal resolution with ERA Interim as lateral boundary conditions. We estimate probability density functions, the annual cycle, and map the 50th and 99th percentile winds. We then perform the same statistical analysis of winds for 2 years when 10 km WRF data are available (June 2005 to May 2007); despite the much shorter time period, the Pan‐Arctic statistics are very similar to those from the 18 year analysis. We repeat the wind speed statistical analysis within a subdomain surrounding Greenland and find that WRF10 has consistently larger maximum wind speeds, but this difference only appears at wind speed percentiles higher than 99%. Differences in the 99th percentile wind speeds are spatially heterogeneous. An investigation of surface fluxes within WRF50 and WRF10 reveals unrealistically large sensible heat fluxes along the sea ice edge, and the geographic distribution and magnitude of these fluxes is shown to be sensitive to sea ice representation in WRF.
Three‐dimensional constrained variational analysis: Approach and application to analysis of atmospheric diabatic heating and derivative fields during an ARM SGP intensive observational period
Authors: Tang Shuaiqi , Zhang Minghua
Published: June 2015

Atmospheric vertical velocities and advective tendencies are essential large‐scale forcing data to drive single‐column models (SCMs), cloud‐resolving models (CRMs), and large‐eddy simulations (LESs). However, they cannot be directly measured from field measurements or easily calculated with great accuracy. In the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), a constrained variational algorithm (1‐D constrained variational analysis (1DCVA)) has been used to derive large‐scale forcing data over a sounding network domain with the aid of flux measurements at the surface and top of the atmosphere (TOA). The 1DCVA algorithm is now extended into three dimensions (3DCVA) along with other improvements to calculate gridded large‐scale forcing data, diabatic heating sources (Q1), and moisture sinks (Q2). Results are presented for a midlatitude cyclone case study on 3 March 2000 at the ARM Southern Great Plains site. These results are used to evaluate the diabatic heating fields in the available products such as Rapid Update Cycle, ERA‐Interim, National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System Reanalysis, Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis, and North American Regional Reanalysis. We show that although the analysis/reanalysis generally captures the atmospheric state of the cyclone, their biases in the derivative terms (Q1 and Q2) at regional scale of a few hundred kilometers are large and all analyses/reanalyses tend to underestimate the subgrid‐scale upward transport of moist static energy in the lower troposphere. The 3DCVA‐gridded large‐scale forcing data are physically consistent with the spatial distribution of surface and TOA measurements of radiation, precipitation, latent and sensible heat fluxes, and clouds that are better suited to force SCMs, CRMs, and LESs. Possible applications of the 3DCVA are discussed.
Imperatives, Logic of
Authors: Vranas Peter B. M.
Published: June 2015

A sign at the entrance of a restaurant reads: “Do not enter these premises unless you have a reservation and you are properly attired.” You see someone who is properly attired and is about to enter, and you tell her: “Don't enter these premises if you don't have a reservation.” She asks why, and you reply: “It follows from what the sign says.” It seems that you made a valid inference from an imperative premise to an imperative conclusion. But it also seems that imperatives cannot be true or false; so in what sense is your inference valid? Its validity cannot consist in the truth of its premise guaranteeing the truth of its conclusion. One is thus faced with “Jørgensen's dilemma”: apparently, imperative logic cannot exist, because logic deals only with entities that, unlike imperatives, can be true or false; but apparently, imperative logic must exist. It must exist not only because inferences with imperatives can be valid, but also because imperatives can be inconsistent with each other, and because one can apply logical operations to imperatives. A standard reaction to this dilemma consists in basing imperative logic on analogues of truth and falsity. Imperative logic may matter for metaethics: if one understands moral claims as disguised imperatives and thus as lacking truth values, then imperative logic may help explain how inferences involving moral claims can be valid.
African Ethics
Authors: Metz Thaddeus
Published: June 2015

African ethics as a field that is systematically studied by academics is new, having been properly established only in the 1960s, with the advent of literacy and the decline of colonialism. Indeed, substantial anthologies devoted to work in sub‐Saharan morality have only just begun to appear. Although this entry addresses metaethics, normative ethics, and applied ethics, it focuses mostly on the second category, articulating communitarian and vitalist approaches to morally right action that merits consideration by theorists from any tradition.
Paternalism
Authors: Scoccia Danny
Published: June 2015

Paternalism may be defined as the use of nonrational means (i.e., means other than rational persuasion) to hinder someone's already made choices, preempt the choice that he would make if he could make one (e.g., giving an unconscious Jehovah's Witness a life‐saving blood transfusion), or influence his prospective choices,
for his own prudential good
. When the paternalist's target is small children or other incompetents, it is usually thought to be morally permissible. But when it targets the fully voluntary choices of competent adults, it invites many moral objections. This article distinguishes two types of objection, consequentialist and nonconsequentialist, and discusses the merits of several examples of each type.