bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF EXTREME HIGH TEMPERATURE ON THE BIOLOGY OF VEGETABLE LEAFMINER LIRIOMYZA SATZVAE (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE)
Authors: Chen Yan , Zhao Jingwei
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Indoor experiments were conducted to test the influence of extreme high temperature (EHT) on the biology of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard. The LD50 of EHT on egg, first instar larva, second instar larva, third instar larva, pupa and adult were 51. 4, 51, 1, 52, 2, 53, 5, 41.1 and 43. 9 C, respectively. The mortality of each stage increased with the prolongation of duration (in hours) of EHT. The quadratic regression equations gave a good estimate of the mortality of the leafminer influenced by durations of EHTs. Under 40 C and a duration of 3 h, there were linear relations between the duration (in days) of EHTs and the pupal mortality, as well as the adult longevity and fecundity.
SELECTION OF TRICHOGRAMMA SPECIES FOR CONTROLLING THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA(L.)
Authors: Guo Mingfang , Zhu Difang , Li Liying
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The parasitization of twenty‐nine species or strains of Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea on the eggs of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella(L.), was tested in the laboratory. Five indexes were evaluated: proportion of female wasps of egg‐laying, the number of parasitized host eggs by each female wasp, survival ratio of progeny in each host‐egg, emergence ratio and sex ratio of offsprings. The results showed that 23 species or strains were able to parasitize the eggs of DBM and significant difference was found not only between species but also between strains. According to the five indexes, T. trijapitzni (from former USSR), T. pretiosum (from USA), T. nagarkattii (from France), Trichogrammatoidea bactrae(from Taiwan, China), T. chilonis (from Guangdong, China), and T. sp. (from France) showed better performance, among which T. pretiosum, Trichogrammatoidea bactrae and T. chilonis(Guangdong)were considered as suitable candidates to control DBM in the field.
A STUDY ON THE GENUS PROMALACTIS MEYRICK (LEPIDOPTERA:OECOPHORIDAE) FROM CHINA: FIVE NEW SPECIES AND TWO NEW RECORD SPECIES
Authors: Shu‐xia WANG , Hou‐hun LI , Zhe‐min ZHENG
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper deals with seven species of the genus Promalactis Meyrick from China. Among them, five species, i. e. P. infulata sp. nov., P. baotianmanensis sp. nov., P. densimacularis sp. nov., P. brevivalvaris sp. nov. and P. colacephala sp. nov., are described as new to science. Two species, P. bitaenia Park et Park and P. autoclina Meyrick, are recorded for the first time from this country. The genital structures of both sexes are illustrated.
NOTES ON SOME FORSIUS‘ TYPES OF ASIAN SAWFLIES (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINOIDEA) WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES*
Authors: Mei‐cai WEI
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Some types of E. Asian sawfly species described by Forsius in 1931 are examined. One new species is described based on the paratypes of a species described by Forsius: Eutomostethus forsiusi sp. nov. Three new combinations are provided: Nesoselandria annamitica (Forsius 1931) comb. nov., Birmindia gracilis (Forsius 1931) comb. nov. and Eutomostethus sikkimensis (Forsius 1931), comb. nov., two synonyms are proposed: Birmindia gracilis (Forsius 1931) =Birmindia albipes Malaise 1947, syn. nov. and Indotaxonus tricoloricornis (Konow, 1898) =Conaspidia dubiosa Forsius 1931, syn. nov.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS IOWANA HOTTES (HOMOPTERA:APHIDIDAE) FROM CHINA*
Authors: Li‐kun ZHANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper deals with a new species of Iowana Hottes, Icrwana zhangi, sp. nov. in China. This new species is closely related to J. frisoni, but differs from the latter in the shape of cauda, length of processus terminalis, length of ultimate rostral segment, and as well as in having smooth siphunculi, having 6‐segmented antennae and primary rhinarium with accessory rhinaria on the ultimate antennal segment. All the type specimens of this new species, collected from Heilongjiang Province, are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. Iowana Hottes is a new record genus to China.
THE NATURAL CONTROL EFFECT OF EGG PARA‐SITOIDS ON LITCHI STINK BUG TESSARATOMA PAPILLOSA (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN LITCHI ORCHARD
Authors: Yu‐fang LIU , Gu‐ren ZHANG , De‐xiang GU , Wen‐qing ZHANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The distribution of eggs of the litchi stink bug Tessaratoma papillosa Drury was observed. By marking the eggs of T. papillosa in an integrated pest managed litchi orchard and in an orchard with chemical control, respectively, the control effect of the egg parasitoids on T. papillosa in the two kinds of licthi orchards was investigated in Guangzhou in 1996. The female T. papillosa began to oviposit in mid‐March and laid eggs vigorously from early April to early June, and then successively entered the declining stage of oviposition in 1996 in Guangzhou. 86% of the litchi stink bug eggs were laid in the peak period of oviposion. Two egg parasitoids, Anastatus japonicus and Ooencyrtus phongi, were obtained in the integrated managed litchi orchard. The rate of eggs parasitized by A. japonicus and O. phongi attained to 3.2% ‐18.4% and 3.2%‐30.4%, respectively. The united attack of the two parasitoid wasps destroyed 30.6% ‐ 47% host eggs in the middle and late stages of T. papillosa oviposition. Only A. japonicus was collected in the chemical controlled litchi orchard and the percentage of eggs parasitized by this wasp was only 0.2% ‐2.8%.
ULTRASTRUCTURE AND DNA RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS OF CALLIPTAMUS ITALICUS ENTOMOPOXVIRUS
Authors: Yong‐dan LI , Li‐ying WANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Calliptamus italicus entomopoxvirus (CiEPV) was isolated from the grasshopper Calliptamus italicus. This virus mainly infects the host's fat body, and its development in the cytoplasm includes 4 steps: the appearance of viroplasm in the cytoplasm of fat body; the formation of immature virions by budding from viro‐plasm; the differentiation of mature virions from immature virions and the accumulation of occlusion‐body protein. The mature virions are oval with mulberry‐like surface, measuring 190 nm X 350 nm in size. Most of the occlusion bodies are elliptical, some are square‐ round in shape. There are great differences in size ranging from 1.5 μm X 1.9 μm to 8.8 μm X 12.3 μm. CiEPV DNA, when cleaved with restriction endonuclease EcoR I Bg1 II and Hin d III, produces 16–18 and 10 fragments respectively, and the molecular weight of this DNA was estimated to be 135.7 X 106 daltons. Some characteristics of morphology and DNA were compared between CiEPV and Oedaleus asiaticus EPV (OaEPV) reported previously.
DIFFERENCE IN PROBING BEHAVIOUR OF TEA APHID ON VEGETATIVE PARTS OF TEA PLANT AND NON‐HOST PLANTS*
Authors: Bao‐yu HAN , Zong‐mao CHEN
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Electrical penetration graph (EPG) investigation showed that the secreting (El) and sucking (E2) times of tea aphid stylet in tea phloem were much longer than that on non‐host plants such as soybean and wheat. However, non‐feeding wave (np) was shorter than that on soybean and wheat. Duration of both El and E2 of stylet in tea phloem of 1st leaf, bud, 4th leaf and tender stem occupied 30.2%, 22.3%, 9.2% and 8.2% of the total experimental time, respectively. E2 wave was accompanied by honeydew secretion, with a time lag. Tea aphid preferred the tender parts, in which amino acids and other nutritional components were very rich. While the stylet of hungry tea aphid was forced to pierce phlom of non‐host plant (soybean or wheat), El and E2 waves were also produced, but the action of stylet could be disrupted by tea shoot volatile (10–6 V/V linalool, etc.) emitted near to the antennae. It was considered that before and under probing tea aphid made use of olfactory clues.
NESTMATE RECOGNITION AND KIN RECOGNITION IN ANTS
Authors: Zhi‐bin LIU , Yamane Sôichi , Tsuji Kazuki , Zhe‐min ZHENG
Published: April 2008

Abstract All ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) are highly eusocial insects that are characterized by reproductive division of labor with sterile castes (worker and soldier) helping fertile castes (queen and male) to reproduce.

Ant societies, like other complex animal societies, have developed a sophisticated communication system, in which recognition behaviors are frequently involved Recognition abilities allow individuals to orient and modulate their behaviors effectively and appropriately in response to the characteristics andlor signals expressed by other organisms. Among recognition behaviors, nestmate recognition and kin recognition mechanisms have attracted great attention of sociobiologists, ecologists, insect physiologists and biochemists since 1970's. This is parallel with the popularization of Hamilton's kin selection theory. The present paper aims at reviewing the current understanding on nestmate/kin recognition in ants. This review consists of three parts. The first part concerns the diversity of recognition behaviors and their ecological implications with emphasis on nestmatelkin recognition; in the second part, the current understandings on the mechanism of nestmatelkin recognition are outlined; and in the third part, we discuss the ontogenetic development of nestmate recognition behavior and naturally mixed colonies. The study of the integration mechanism of social parasite may provide heuristic clues to the understanding of kin/nestmate recognition system.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF MICROPLITIS FOERSTER (HY‐MENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) FROM CHINA*
Authors: Wei‐an XU , Jun‐hua HE
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The present paper describes two new species of Microplitis Fcerster 1862, viz: Microplitis zhaoi Xu et He sp. nov. and Microplitis choui Xu et He sp. nov. The type specimens are deposited in Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. 1. Microplitis zhaoi sp. nov. is described from Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces in China closely related to Microplitis malimba Papp, but differs from the latter in the combination of the following features: 1) l‐R1 shorter than stigma; 2) sternites 1–3 yellowish white; 3) submarginal cell of hind wing 2 times as long as basal width and 4) r as long as 2‐SR. 2. Microplitis choui sp. nov. is described from Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces in China closely related to Microplitis zhaoi sp. nov. but differs from the latter in the combination of the following features: 1) r shorter than 2‐SR; 2) sternites 1–3 blackish: 3) tergites 2–3 black; 4) cu‐a of hind wing strongly sloped outward and 5) antenna shorter than body.
THE FIRST RECORD OF THE GENUS BRACHYCERCUS IN CHINA WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (EPHEMEROPTERA: CAENIDAE)
Authors: Chang‐fa ZHOU , Hong GUI , Cui‐rong SU
Published: April 2008

Abstract  A new record genus from China, Brachycercus Crutis (1834), is reported and the male adult of a new species Brachyercus parviforcipis sp. nov. is described in detail. The characters of this species distinguished from the other species in the same genus are discussed.
EFFECT OF FEEDING STIMULANT ON THE FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND MORTALITY OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA ON DIETS WITH BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS*
Authors: Ji‐hong ZHANG , Chen‐zhu WANG , Jun‐de QIN
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was noticed to be highly deterrent to the feeding of Helicoverpa armigera larva when incorporated into diets, even at the non‐lethal dosage. As the dosage of Bt increased, the deterrence showed a tendency of elevation. Feeding stimulant, FS‐1 could attract larvae for feeding, and increase larval feeding time and consumption. Addition of 1% (vlv) FS1 could alleviate the deterrent effect of Bt, especialy in low concentration. In no‐choice test, it was observed that while 1% (v/v) FS1 was added, LC50, of Bt underwent a 41% decrease, but in the choice test, the mortality of larvae was not significantly enhanced.
XENOCHIRONOMUS TUBEROSUS SP. NOV. FROM SOUTHERN CHINA, WITH EMENDATION TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE GENUS (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)*
Authors: Xin‐hua WANG
Published: April 2008

Abstract Xenochironomus tuberosus sp. nov. from southern China is here described and illustrated as male imagines. The new species is separated from other known species of this genus in having frontal tubercle, unusual stout setae on tergite VI, characteristic chaetotaxy on tergite IX and unique superior volsela. Based on the new species, an emendation to the diagnosis of the genus is given. This paper is the first record of genus Xenochironomus from China.
REGULATION OF FLIGHT CAPACITY AND CONTENTS OF ENERGY SUBSTANCES BY METHOPRENE IN THE MOTHS OF ORIENTAL ARMYWORM, MYTHIMNA SEPARATA*
Authors: Li‐zhi LUO , Ke‐bin LI , Xing‐fu JIANG , Yi HU
Published: April 2008

Abstract The flight capacity and contents of energy substances in the moths of migratory Oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker)dosed with juvenile hormone analogue methoprene(JHM) were compared with the normal moth through day‐1 to day‐6 after the treatment. The flight capacity of JHM‐treated moths, as determined by a 12‐hours tethered‐flight test, was significantly lower than that of the controls, although it might differ with their age and sex. The moth's flight capacity between the treatments was insignificantly different from the first to 3rd day after the treatment but was significantly different from the 4th to 6th day either in the mean flight duration or in distance. Evaluation of the long fliers at the same stages between the treatments also supported this finding. Flight capacity of the JHM‐treated moths also differed with the sex. The JHM‐treated female did not fly less than the control from day‐1 to day‐3, but did significantly less from day‐4 to day‐6 after the treatment. The flight capacity of the JHM‐treated males, however, was not weaker than that of the control throughout the test period. Comparison of the levels of energy substances in the JHM‐treated adults and the controls showed that JHM may directly acted on metabolism of glyceride, which in turn affected flight capacity. Furthermore, higher levels of glyceride in the treated male adults raised their flight capacity to a stronger levels than the control in most of the days of tethered‐flight test period. Contents of glycogen, however, were insignificantly affected by JHM in both male and female adults. In might therefore be concluded that levels of JH is a critical factor regulationg migratory behavior in the army worm moth. In addition to affect metabolism of glyceride, other possible physiological roles that JH played in determining migrattory behavior are also discussed.
ESTERASE VARIATION AND GENETIC STRUCTURE IN THREE GEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS OF SITODIPLOSIS MOSELLANA (GEHIN) (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN WESTERN CHINA*
Authors: Chun‐gui HE , Feng YUAN
Published: April 2008

Abstract This paper investigates the esterase variation and genetic structure in three geographic populations of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) in western China by PAGE. The localities surveyed are Gaolan (36.3°N, 103.9°E) and Wuwei (37.9°N, 102.6°E) in spring wheat region and Chang'an (34. 1°N, 108.9° E) in winter wheat region. The results suggest that the esterase is coded by two loci: Est‐1 and Est‐2. Est‐1 is coded by a plastogene producing only one band that is the fastest on the gel among all bands. The Est‐2 is duplicated loci with 8 alleles, namely, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, which produce altogether 8 bands in all the populations and 1–4 bands in individual samples. There are 19 zymogram types observed in the three geographic populations. Seventeen zymogram types emerge in Chang'an population, but 5 and 4 zymogram types are found respectively in Gaolan and Wuwei populations. II2 zymogram type is the commonest in all the populations. The alleles that had the highest frequencies in all the populations are d, e, g. All 8 alleles at the Est2 were observed in Chang'an population, but only total 3 alleles‐d, e, g at the Est‐2 appeared in Gaolan and Wuwei populations. The analysis of genetic identity and cluster (UPGMA) on the alloenzyme indicates that the relationship between the two populations of spring wheat region seems to be closer, as compared with the relationship between spring wheat population and winter wheat population. It is evident that there exists some infraspecific variation caused mainly by genetic drift in S. mosellana and the gene flow among the populations possibly took place to some extent.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS COENOSIA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) FROM MT. FANJING OF GUIZHOU, CHINA*
Authors: Yong‐sheng CUI , Wan‐qi XUE
Published: April 2008

Abstract Two new species of the genus Coenosia Meigen from Mt. Fanjing of Guizhou Province, China, namely C. brevimana and C. fanjingensis, are described. The type specimens are kept in the Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal University.
THE EMBOLEMIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: CHRYSIDOIDEA) FROM CHINA*
Authors: Zai‐fu XU , Jun‐hua HE , Olmi Massimo
Published: April 2008

Abstract This paper gives a systematic study on the Chinese Embolemidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), which reports two genera and six species of the Chinese embolemids. Of which, Ampulicomorpha collinsi Olmi, 1995 and Embolemus krombeini Olmi, 1995 are new to China.
EFFECTS OF CYASTERONE ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.)*
Authors: Xin‐nian ZENG , Jian‐feng FANG , Shan‐xue ZHANG , Jian‐yong HAN
Published: April 2008

Abstract Cyasterone is the main phytoecdysteroid component from cultured plants of Ajuga nipponensis, and common in other Ajuga species. Results showed that when treated with 50 mg/L cyasterone, the egg hatching of diamondback moth was retarded. The total percentage of eggs hatched in treatment was 94.7%, significantly less than that in control, which was 100%. Low toxicity and good antifeeding activity to the 3rd instar larvae were exhibited, which are dependent upon concentration. The growth and development of diamondback moth were affected by cyasterone. It was found that, at concentrations higher than 50 mg/L cyasterone, the larval growth and egg production were inhibited; while promoted at lower concentrations. This dual role of cyasterone might be attributed to its hormonal activity and antifeeding activity, which resulted in poor nutrition. The pupation and eclosion were hindered by treatment of larvae. This insect species was more susceptible to cyasterone than 20‐hydroxyecdysone.
GROWTH, REPRODUCTION AND FIELD POPULATION DYNAMICS OF FRANKLINIELLA BISPINOSA (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE)
Authors: Bi‐song YUE
Published: April 2008

Abstract Frankliniella bispinosa was reared at five constant temperatures using pollen of Typha domingensis as food. At 15°C, 37.5 days are required for completing the life cycle and the adult females survived for about 30 days. The immature stage and the female longevity were significantly reduced when temperature increased and they were only 9.2 and 3.9 days, respectively, at 35°C. The maximal number of eggs (123.2/female) were laid at 25°C, as compared with 29.5, 42.1, 11.6 eggs per female, respectively, at 15°C, 20°C and 30°C. F. bispinosa occurs on Bidens pilosa flowers all the year round in south Florida. However, the population is more abundant from mid‐March to early April.
ANALYSIS OF THE SOLUBLE PROTEINS IN THREE SPECIES OF PARASITOIDS AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF YOLK PROTEIN IN PTEROMALUS PUPARUM*
Authors: Meng SUN , Gong‐yin YE , Cui HU
Published: April 2008

Abstract The results both from PAGE and capillary electrophoresis indicated that there was a female specific protein i.e. vitellogenin (Vg) or vitellin (Vt) in the female wasp of Pteromalus puparum (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). While there was no difference in the electrophoresis graph between soluble proteins of the female whole body and those of the male one both in two bracoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), i.e. Cotesia plutellae and Macrocentrus linears. According to the graph of the gradient SDS‐PAGE, it was clear that the Vg or Vt of P. puparum consisted of two subunits with approximate molecular weights, and their molecular weights were 74.4 and 52.8 KDa, respectively. Both immunological reactions between some main different tissues of the female wasps and the male whole body and the polyantibody against the Vt of this parasitoid, and the graph of the gradient SDS‐PAGE including soluble proteins sampled separately from hemolymph, fat body and ovary of the female and the whole body of the male demonstrated that Vg existed both in female fat body and hemolymph, and Vt deposited in the ovary, not in the male, as well as the Vg was synthesized in the female fat body.
TERMINATION OF PUPAL DIAPAUSE IN THE BOLLWORM HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA BY PRECOCENE II
Authors: Fang‐hai WANG , He GONG
Published: April 2008

Abstract Precocene II terminated pupal diapause in the bollworm Helicoverpa armigera as 20‐hydroxyecdysterone did, whereas juvenile hormone analog ZR‐515, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP), and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) did not. The results indicate that precocene II affects diapausing pupae in the similar way as what was found in the prepupae of the aphid parasitoids, Aphidius matricariae Haliday and Praon volucre Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). It is suggested that precocene II may affect different kinds of termination of diapause in insects.
the differentiation of amino acid requirements in three host‐related populations of the brown planthopper, nilaparvata lugens (stål)*
Authors: Qiang FU , Zhi‐tao ZHANG , Cui HU , Feng‐xiang LAI
Published: April 2008

Abstract In order to understand the differentiation of amino acid requirments in host‐related populations of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), we established three BPH populations by separately maintaining them on three rice varieties, i.e. TN1 (common susceptible control), Mudgo (containing resistant gene Bph 1) and ASD7 (containing resistant gene bph2) for over 30 generations, and then reared them on 20 holidic diets, each with distinct overall amino acids and ratio of essential amino acid (EAA) to nonessential amino acid (NEAA). The emergence rate, brachypter rate, nymphal duration and weight of newly molted adults were evaluated and compared. The results showed significant difference among the three populations in the effect of amino acid variation on BPH performance, ascending in an order of Mudgo population ASD7 population > TN1 pupulation. The results also indicated that the required optimum concentrations of overall amino acids by BPH populations on Mudgo and ASD7 were 4.0% ‐4.8% and 4.0%, respectively, higher than that of TN1 population (2.4% ‐ 3.2%). In addition, it was found that Mudgo and ASD7 populations were more sensitive to the concentration of EAAs than TN1 population. We propose that there is substantial differentiation in responses to dietary amino acid conditions among different host‐associated BPH populations and that such differentiation may be closely related to the induced virulence shift on resistant rice varieties.
A STUDY ON THE GENUS BRYOMYIA KIEFFER (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYHDAE) FROM CHINA*
Authors: Jun LI , Wen‐jun BU
Published: April 2008

Abstract Four Chinese species of genus Bryomyia Kieffer are recorded in the present paper, among which, one species: B. puberula Li et Bu is described as new to science; two species; B. bergrothi Kieffer and B. gibbosa (Felt) are recorded for the first time from China. Key to the known Chinese species of the genus is given. Type specimen is deposited in the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
FIVE NEW SPECIES OF COENOSIA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN XINJIANG CHINA*
Authors: Wan‐qi XUE , Yong‐sheng CUI
Published: April 2008

Abstract Five new species of the genus Coenosia Meigen, namely C. subflaviseta, C. subgracilis, C. parva C. aurea, and C. zhooi, are described from the Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China. The type specimen of C. parva is kept in the Department of Biology, Shenyang Normal University, and the others are kept in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
CRYOPRESERVATION OF THE BEET ARMYWORM EGGS*
Authors: Guang‐hong LI , Yi PANG , Qi‐jin CHEN , Zhi‐jian SU
Published: April 2008

Abstract A protocol for cryopreservation of the eggs of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in liquid nitrogen was established after examining the effects of a number of factors on the survival of the eggs during various stages of cryopreservation. Over 95% of eggs incubated at 271) for 33 h were permeabilized and about 60% of them could hatch using the following permeabilization procedure: dechorionation of eggs in 15% sodium hypochlorite for 6 min followed by immersion in isopronol for 15 sec to remove surface water and then in n‐hexane for 30 sec to dissolve the wax layer. Immersion of the permeabilized eggs in 2 mol/L ethylene glycol for 30 min and then dehydration in 8.5 mol/L ethylene glycol solution containing 10% BSA for 5 min led to 55%˜ 60% survival and approximately 24% hatching rate. Eggs cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using the recommended protocol have a survival rate of (16.3 ± 7.6)% and a hatching rate of (1.6 ± 1.1)%.
MOLECULAR CLONING AND SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF THREE NEW FULL‐LENGTH cDNAs OF CYTOCHROME P450 (CYP6N3v1‐v3)*FROM AEDES ALBOPICTUS**
Authors: Guo‐li ZHOU , Jiong‐lie HUANG , Yu WU , Ling WANG , Hioian LAO
Published: April 2008

Abstract The three new full‐length cDNA sequences including the complete 5′‐and 3′‐ untranslated regions (UTR) coding for cytochrome P450s from Aedes albopictus have been obtained. The P450 proteins deduced from the nucleotide sequences shared 58.6% ‐ 62.4% amino acid identity with CYP6N1 and CYP6N2 from Anopheles gambiae, and 99% with each other. The three new complete sequences have been submitted and named as CYP6N3v1, CYP6N3v2 and CYP6N3v3 by the P450 Nomenclature Committee. The original cDNAs were obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approach with several pairs of gene specific primers based on the cDNA fragment previously obtained from deltamethrin‐resistant strain of Ae. albopictus. Further analysis showed that the three new sequences are present in both resistant strain and susceptible strain and might be effectively translated. In addition, the 5′‐ and 3′‐UTRs were compared between the CYP6N3vl‐v3 and other known insect P450s. The multiplicity of trans‐lational control of insect P450 genes was discussed.
EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON HOUSEFLY: INFLUENCE ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AND METABOLISM DURING METAMORPHOSIS OF HOUSEFLY
Authors: Chang‐ying NIU , Yond JIANG , Chao‐liang LEI , Cui HU
Published: April 2008

Abstract The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of cadmium on housefly, Musca domestica. It is suggested that of cadmium in low concentrations of had little influence on growth and development of housefly. Cadmium was mainly distributed in the digestive tracts of housefly larvae, where the cadmium content was higher than that of other parts. During the metamorphosis of housefly the change trend of the cadmium content was very apparent. The cadmium content increased gradually in larval period, whereas it decreased significantly after polarization. Until the sixth day after emergence, only negligible cadmium was left in adult housefly. All these results demonstrated that the response of housefly to cadmium is an evolution adaptation in natural selection.
CONSTRUCTION OF A cDNA LIBRARY OF HOST RECOGNITION KAIROMONE FOR TELENOMUS THEOPHILAE*
Authors: Qi‐kang GAO , Cui HU
Published: April 2008

Abstract Based on the kairomone from the accessory gland of female Bombyx mori elicting the parasitoid, Telenomus theophilae, to parasitize artifical beads. A cDNA expression library of enrich kairomone gene was constructed using mRNA‐rich secretory portion of the accessory glands of B. mori at the 9– day‐old of pupa. The titer of the unamplified library was 3.29 times 104 pfu/μL with a recombinant rate of 90.05%, and titer of amplified library was 1.56 times 107 pfd μL. The inserted cDNA fragments of the library ranged from 0.5 to 8.0 kb and concentrated around the 2.5 kb, 1. 1kb, and 0.75kb regions. All of the data suggest that the library has appropriate titer and high frequency kairomone gene fragments by using special developing stage and tissue of B. mori to extract mRNA. Directional cloning and λZiplox expression were help to clone the kairomone gene with immunoscreening.
DISTRIBUTION OF TRABECULAE AND ELYTRAL SURFACE STRUCTURES OF THE HORNED BEETLE, ALLOMYRINA DICHOTOMA (LINNÉ) (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE)
Authors: Jin‐xiang CHEN , Qing‐qing NI , Endo Yasuhisa , Iwamoto Masaharu
Published: April 2008

Abstract To clarify the dynamic construction of Allomyrina dichotoma (Linné) elytra, the distribution of trabeculae and surface structures has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmitted light. There are solid trabeculae in the elytron and under penetrating light these can be seen as black dots. It is clear that trabeculae arrangement is almost entirely irregular throughout the elytron, except for some approximately straight alignment near some trachea. This irregular arrangement is different from the longitudinal rows of striations that are well known in other species, and there are no hollowed striae (punctures) on the elytral surface of A. dichotoma. Throughout the internal architecture of the elytron, there are mesh‐like (honeycomb) structures. Each honeycomb usually has 1–2 trabeculae mainly distributed at the corners of the honeycomb. The number of trabeculae present on each honeycomb is dependent on the size of the honeycomb.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DELIA (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) FROM GANSU PROVINCE CHINA
Authors: Wan‐qi XUE
Published: April 2008

Abstract The present paper deals with three new species of genus Delia from Gansu province, China, namely Delia ancylosurstyla sp. nov., D. apicijoralis sp. nov. and D. longiarista sp. nov. All the type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
PCR‐BASED TECHNIQUE FOR IDENTIFICATION AND DETECTION OF TRICHOGRAMMA SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) WITH SPECIFIC PRIMERS
Authors: Zheng‐xi LI , Zuo‐mi SHEN
Published: April 2008

Abstract The rDNA‐ITS2 regions of T. dendrolimi Matsumura and T. ostriniae Pang et Chen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were cloned and sequenced. The homologous sequences available in GenBank were retrieved and analyzed, and then specific primers were designed for molecular identification and detection of T. dendrolimi. Repeated screening showed that PCR amplification by the diagnostic primers enabled the differentiation of not only bulk samples and single adult (male or female), but also eggs and juveniles, which was not possible by conventional methods. The advantage of this system over morphology‐based systems is that non‐specialists are able to identify individuals or trace specimens efficiently. The derived molecular detection technique was then used to identify 12 specimens collected from different localities on the Chinese mainland; the results showed that this protocol could be applied to molecular monitoring of Trichogramma species in the field. Finally, 1132s of 6 geographical populations of T. dendrolimi (TdCHA, TDJL, TdXZ, TdKH, TdCZ and TdYBL) were cloned and sequenced. The multialignment analysis of intraspecific ITS2 sequences showed that the diagnostic primers have their own theoretical bases.
THE OPERATION OF A GIS‐BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR AUSTRALIAN LOCUST MANAGEMENT
Authors: Deveson Ted , Hunter David
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The Australian Plague Locust Commission (APLC) is responsible for the monitoring and control of locust populations that pose a threat to agriculture in the inland areas of four Australian States, a total area of 2 million km2. A GIS‐based decision support system (DSS) is used to co‐ordinate the collection, processing, analysis and display of a range of spatial data for the forecasting of locust population development and to assist control operations. The resultant forecasts are used to help locate population aggregations early in a breeding sequence so as to enable effective preventive control. The data collection components of the DSS include wireless direct transfer of locust survey data from the field and daily internet collections of weather data. Locust distribution and age information is collected by APLC officers on regular vehicle surveys using GPS‐connected palmtop computers, and sent directly to a GIS server via high frequency (HF) radio modems. Locust reports from landholders and state extension staff are also incorporated into the system. The current survey data are used to estimate broad distributions, and to seed spatially‐explicit development models that can identify the timing of life stages that can be effectively managed. Information on the distribution of rainfall, temperature and wind‐fields is collected automatically from the internet and integrated with habitat information and locust distributions. Online weather data products from the Bureau of Meterology are also accessed regularly to assist in operational decision making.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DASYHELEA KIEFFER(DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)FROM VIETNAM
Authors: Yi‐xin YU
Published: April 2008

Abstract A new species of the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer, Dasyhelea hanoiensis sp. nov. is described by adult from Hanoi, Vietnam.
THE MORPHOLOGY OF MATURE LARVAE OF THREE ENNOMINAE SPECIES IN KOREA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)
Authors: Mei‐hua PIAO , Xue‐xin CHEN , Chan‐young LEE
Published: April 2008

Abstract The larval external morphologies of Ectropis crepuscularia (Denis & Schiffermüller), Zamacra juglan‐siaria (Graeser) and Phigalia verecundaria (Leech) of Ennominae are described and illustrated.
CELLULAR LOCALIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF pygo DURING DROSOPHILA DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Xin‐da LIN , Xin‐hua LIN , Jia‐an CHENG
Published: April 2008

Abstract Wg/Wnt signaling is a key signaling pathway in Drosophila. Many genes involved in Wingless(wg) signal transduction pathway downstream of Wg, or it s vertebrate Wg homologue Wnt, have been identified. Transduction of the Wg signal downstream of Wg is mediated by nuclear TCF/LEF‐1, through association with Armadillo (Arm)β‐catenin. Pygopus (pygo) is a new identified component in this pathway. Cellular localization experiment showed that pygo was expressed specifically in the nucleus. The expression profile of pygo in embryos was examined using in situ hybridization. Although pygo expressed ubiquitously in the embryos, it expressed at relatively high level in pre‐blastoderm embryos which indicate a high degree of maternally provided message, followed by a low level of ubiquitous zygotic expression. This continues into larval tissues (including wing disc, eye disc and leg disc), where pygo appears to be expressed at low level. Comparison of pygo expression levels, in the wing disc, eye disc and leg disc, showed pygo expression level in the wing disc pouch and leg disc were relative higher.
GENOMIC FEATURES OF COTESIA PLUTELLAE POLYDNAVIRUS
Authors: Cai‐ling LIU , Xiang‐xiong ZHU , Wen‐jun FU , Mu‐jun ZHAO
Published: April 2008

Abstract Polydnavirus was purified from the calyx fluid of Cotesia plutellae ovary. The genomic features of C. plutellae polydnavirus (CpPDV) were investigated. The viral genome consists of at least 12 different segments and the aggregate genome size is a lower estimate of 80kbp. By partial digestion of CpPDV DNA with Bam HI and subsequent ligation with Bam HI‐cut plasmid Bluescript, a representative library of CpPDV genome was obtained.
HOST PLANT PREFERENCES OF BEMISIA TABACI GENNADIUS
Authors: Ying JING , Jian HUANG , Rui‐yan MA , Ju‐cai HAN
Published: April 2008

Abstract The preferences of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius for five host plants: poinsettia, tomato, cabbage, sweet potato and flowering Chinese cabbage, was tested using a Y‐tube olfactometer and a desiccator in the laboratory. The results show that B. tabaci adults were attracted by the odors of the five plants. The order of preference was poinsettia > flowering Chinese cabbage > sweet potato > cabbage > tomato. Preference was extremely significant between poinsettia and the other four plants, and between flowering Chinese cabbage, cabbage and tomato. There was no significant difference in preference for flowering Chinese cabbage and sweet potato, sweet potato, cabbage and tomato or between cabbage and tomato.
SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND A UNIQUE HABITAT CHOICE OF DAMSELFLY INDOCNEMIS ORANG FÖRSTER(ODONATA: PLATYCNEMIDIDAE)FROM MALAYSIA.
Authors: Norma‐Rashid Y.
Published: April 2008

Abstract The hemimetabolous preliminary studies on the life cycle of Indocnemis orang is here reported for the first time, being completed in 6 instars for a minimum duration of 69 days. It can be classified as a stenotopic species being sensitive to biotope requirements but having tolerance towards fluctuating water qualities during its developmental process. The need for caution in the interpretation of bioindicator species for habitat assessment and biomonitoring is here both indicated and discussed.
A SURVEY OF SIZES AND WEIGHTS OF BEMISIA TABACI (HOMOPTERA:ALEYRODIDAE)B BIOTYPE LIFE STAGES FROM FIELD GROWN COTTON AND CANTALOUPES
Authors: Chu Chang‐chi , Buckner James S. , Karut Kamil , Freeman Thomas P. , Nelson Dennis R. , Hennebeny Thomas J.
Published: April 2008

Abstract Size and weight measurements were made for all the life stages of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B biotype from field grown cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L., var. cantalupensis) in Phoenix, AZ and Fargo, ND, USA in 2000 and 2001. Nymphal volumes were derived from the measurements. The average nymphal volume increase for settled 1 st to the late 4th instar was exponential. The greatest increase in body volume occurred during development from the 3rd to early 4th instar. Nymphs on cotton leaves were wider, but not longer compared with those on cantaloupe. Ventral and dorsal depth ratios of nymphal bodies from 1 st to late 4th instars from cantaloupe leaves were significantly greater compared with those from cotton leaves. During nymphal development from 1st to 4th instar, the average (from the two host species) ventral body half volume increased by nearly 51 times compared with an increase of 28 times for the dorsal body half volume. Adult female and male average lengths, from heads to wing tips, were 1 126 μm and 953 μm, respectively. Average adult female and male weights were 39 and 17 μg, respectively. Average widths, lengths, and weights of eggs from cotton and cantaloupe were, 99 μm, 197 μm, and 0.8 μg, respectively. Average widths, lengths, and weights for exuviae of non‐parasitized nymphs from both cotton and cantaloupe were 492 μm, 673 μm, and 1.20 μg, respectively; and widths, lengths, and weights of parasitized nymph exuviae were 452 μm, 665 μm, and 3.62 μg, respectively. Both exuviae from non‐parasitized and parasitized nymphs from cotton leaves were wider, longer, and heavier than those from cantaloupe leaves.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS SPILOGONA (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN CHINA
Authors: Wan‐qi XUE , Yan‐feng TONG
Published: April 2008

Abstract Three new species of the genus Spilogona Schnabl, namely S. carbiarenosa sp. nov., S. dasyoomma sp. nov. and S. kunjirapensis sp. nov. are described from China. The type specimens of S. kunjirapensis sp. nov. are kept in the Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and those of S. carbiarenosa sp. nov. and S. dasyoomma sp. nov. are deposited in Shenyang Normal University.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS CULICOIDES (JILINOCOIDES) (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) FROM THE GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTON. REG., CHINA
Authors: Guo‐ping LIU , Bao‐shan HAO
Published: April 2008

Abstract A new species of Cidicoides (Jilinocoides), C.(J.) guangxiensis sp. nov. from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China is described. The new species is closely allied to Culicoides qianweiensis Yu 1982, but is distinctly different in the presentation of the sensilla coeloconica, sensory pit of the palpus third segment, number of mandible teeth, pale spot on basal portion of wing and r‐m pale spot on wing of female. The type specimen is deposited in the Institute of Military Medical Sciences, Shenyang Military District, Shenyang 110034, China.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF CRAMBINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) IN CHINA
Authors: Tie‐mei CHEN , Shi‐mei SONG , De‐cheng YUAN
Published: April 2008

Abstract Three new species of Crambinae from China, Eschata truncata Song & Chen, sp. nov., Eschata tricomia Song & Chen, sp. nov., Pseudargyria acuta Song & Chen, sp. nov. and the female of Girdharia tau‐tomma Kapur are described, with figures and illustrations of genitalia provided. E. truncata resembles E. smithi Bleszynski, but valva with one short truncated process in costa; E. tricomia differed from all recorded species by valva with a triangular process on dorsum; P. acuta resembles P. marginepunctalis (Hampson), but with cucullus rapidly pointed and aedeagus with one group of comuti. E. bleszynskieila Minet is proposed as a junior synonym of E. shanghaiensis Wang & Sung.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF HOPLOPLEURA PACIFICA (ANOPLURA: HOPLOPLEURIDAE) ON ITS DOMINANT RAT HOST, RATTUS FLAVIPECTUS IN YUNNAN, CHINA
Authors: Guo Xian‐guo , Qian Ti‐jun , Guo Li‐jun , Wang Jing , Dong Wen‐ge , Zhang Li , Ma Zhi‐min , Li Wei
Published: April 2008

Hoplopleura pacifica is a dominant species of ectoparasitic sucking lice on the body surface of a common rat species, Rattus flavipectus in Yunan province of China. To illustrate the spatial distribution pattern of H. pacifica among the individuals of R. flavipectus, Iwao's linear regression method and a significance test of random deviation for the method were used, and a regression equation was established in the light of Iwao's method. The established equation is M*= 12.10 + 4.76M (r= 0.75, P < 0.01) where both α and β are considerably higher than 0 and 1, the border values for determining spatial pattern of populations. The calculated F value is F= 6.07 (P < 0.05) in the significance test of random deviation. The spatial distribution pattern of H. pacifica among the individuals of R. flavipectus is of aggregated distribution. The result suggests that the individuals of H. pacifica have a tendency to congregate together and form different individual groups instead of evenly distributing on the body surface of every rat host.
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ANTENNAE OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA (COCCINELLIDAE: COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Srivastava Shefali , Omkar
Published: April 2008

Scanning electron microscopy was done to describe the morphology of antenna of adult male and female ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata. Eleven‐segmented, scaly antenna was 950 μm in male and 980 μm in female. Electron micrographs reveal the occurrence of eight types of sensillae, viz. chaetica (Ch), trichoidea (Tr), basiconica (Ba), campaniformia (Ca), ampucellaceous (Am), scolopalia (Sc), placoidea (Pl) and hook shaped sensilla on the antennae of male and female ladybeetles. Ch had long external‐process, with base surrounded by membranous socket and the length was 60 and 70 μm in male and female ladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae Tr were distally curved and inserted into depression, 9.0 and 15 μm long in male and female ladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae Ba were cuticular peg‐like and 0.57 and 0.70 μm long on the male and female antennae. Sensillae Ca were small dome‐like and had diameter of 3.0μm in both the sexes. Sensillae Am were pit‐like in appearance and the diameter of the pit was 1.2 and 1.5 in male and female ladybeetle, respectively. Sensillae Pl were elliptical sunken plates like in both the sexes. Sensillae Sc were broad at their apex and pointed at their tip, 2.5 μm. A single hook‐shaped sensilla of 21.0 μm in length was present on male antenna only. Ch, Ca, Am, and Pl were almost similar in numbers in both the sexes. Sensillae Tr were more numerous on the male antenna and Ba were more numerous on the female antenna.
BIOACTIVITIES AND MECHANISM OF SPIRO ENOL ETHER ANALOGUES AGAINST PIERIS RAPAE
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐xiang , Cheng Dong‐mei , Xu Han‐hong , Wu Yu‐lin , Fan Jun‐fa
Published: April 2008

Abstract  Nineteen kinds of spiro enol ether analogues were screened with larvae of Pieris rapae for antifeedant activity. The results showed that the antifeedant activity of compounds No.20 and No. 12 was higher than others. In non‐choice test, AFC50 values within 24 h of compounds No.20 and No. 12 against 3rd instar larvae of P. rapae were 226.93 μg/mL and 370.00 μg/mL, and that in choice test against 4th larvae were 280.54 μg/mL and 398.88 μg/mL, respectively. Compd. No.20 could prolong the eggs hatch time and reduce the haemolymph content and the protein content in haemolymph of 4th instar larvae obviously. Compd. No.20 could protect tested leaves and control larvae of P. rapae effectively.
FOUR NEW SPECIES OF COENOSIA MEIGEN (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) FROM YUNNAN, CHINA
Authors: Xue Wan‐qi , Tong Yan‐feng
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper describes four new species of Coenosia Meigen, 1826, namely C. angustifolia sp.nov., C. obscuriabdominis sp. nov., C. sparagmocerca sp. nov. and C. sponsa sp. nov. Type specimens are deposited in Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China.
GENUS EROTIS MEYRICK (LEPIDOPTERA: OECOPHORIDAE) NEW FOR CHINA
Authors: Wang Shu‐xia
Published: April 2008

Abstract  This paper reports the genus Erotis Meyrick for the first time from China. Two new species Erotis expansa sp. nov. and Erotis punctalosa sp. nov. are described. E. expansa sp. nov. is related to E. phosphora Meyrick both in appearance and in the male genitalia, but can be differentiated from the latter by uncus broader and slightly concave at middle of caudal margin, gnathos nearly as long as uncus and valva with costa almost straight in the male genitalia. E. punctalosa resembles E. expansa sp. nov. externally, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the female genitalia: eighth tergite caudally almost straight; two signa large thorn‐like, basal plate irregularly triangular in shape, with fine spines along anterior margin. The photographs of the adults and the genital structures of the new species are provided. A key to all the known species of Erotis is given.
PATHOGENICITY OF METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE VAR. ACRIDU TO THE DEVEOLPMENTAL STAGES OF BROWN PLANTHOPPER NILAPARVATA LUGENS STÅL AND SOGATELLA FURCIFERA (HORVATH)
Authors: Geng Bo‐wen , Zhang Run‐jie
Published: April 2008

Abstract  The susceptibility and virulence of entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum to the stages of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) were investigated under laboratory conditions. Three dosages of M. anisopliae var. acridum ranging from 10.5, 116.3 and 1027.1 conidial/mm2 were used in the experiment. The tested stages of host included three developmental stages, young nymphs (1–2 instars), old nymphs (3–5 instars) and adults. It was found that all tested stages of the planthoppers were susceptible to the fungal infection. The degree of virulence LT50 of M. anisopliae var. acridum against young nymphs of N. lugens are >21, 20.82 and 16.55, respectively with the 3 dosages, the LT50 of the fungus against the old nymphs are 17.68, 15.49 and 13.98, respectively with the 3 dosages; the LT50 of the fungus against the adults are 17.10, 12.57 and 9.14 respectively with the 3 dosages. The degree of virulence LT50 of M. anisopliae var. acridum on young nymphs of S. furcifera are >21, 17.29 and 13.13, respectively with the 3 dosages ; the LT50 of the fungus against the old nymphs are 16.94, 15.02 and 13.03, respectively with the 3 dosages; the LT50 of the fungus against the adults are 12.78, 10.16 and 7.64, respectively with the 3 dosages. Adults were more susceptible to M. anisopliae var. acridum infection than their nymphs and the young nymphs were most resistant to the fungal infection. The cumulative mortality of each stage was dosage‐dependent. Of all the developmental stages, WBPH was more susceptible than BPH to M. anisopliae var. acridum infection with the same dosages.