bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Australian and South African perspectives on the implementation of flexible work practices (Fwp): an exploratory study
Authors: Odendaal Aletta , Roodt Gert
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify examples of good and innovative practices of Flexible Work Practices to benchmark against and then to use the information to develop strategies of implementation that will assist South African organisations to emulate their success. One hundred-and-twenty (120) individuals, representing different stakeholder groups were requested to complete a questionnaire, based on an Australian study. Comparative findings of both countries strongly confirmed variables that are positively associated with the adoption and successful implementation of Flexible Work Practices (FWP). Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was om voorbeelde van goeie en innoverende gebruike van Buigsame Werkspraktyke te identifiseer ten einde daarteen te kan vergelyk, en dan om hierdie inligting te gebruik ten einde implementeringstrategieë te ontwikkel wat Suid Afrikaanse maatskappye kan gebruik om sukses na te volg. Honderd en twintig (120) individue, wat verskillende belangegroepe verteenwoordig, is genader om ‘n vraelys, gebaseer op ‘n Australiese studie, te voltooi. Vergelykende bevindinge van beide lande bevestig veranderlikes wat positief geassosieer word met die aanvaarding en suksesvolle implementering van Buigsame Werkspraktyke (BWP).
Fisieke aktiwiteit en uitbranding se verband met die gesondheidstatus van vroulike bestuurslui
Authors: Dreyer L. I. , Le Roux E. C. , Loots J. M. , Strydom G. L.
Published: August 2012

The relationship of physical activity and burnout with the health status of female executives.The purpose of this study was, firstly, to investigate the relationship between burnout and health status. Secondly, the purpose was to determine the effect of physical activity on the possible burnout-health-relationship. The subjects included 278 female executives. The results indicated that low burnout scores were concomitant with a good health status. The results also indicated that physical activity had no influence on the relationship between burnout and health status. Burnout, on the other hand, showed a negative relationship with health status, independent of the level of participation in physical activity Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was eerstens om die verband tussen uitbranding en gesondheidstatus by ‘n groep vroulike bestuurslui te bestudeer. Tweedens is ondersoek of deelname aan fisieke aktiwiteit enige invloed het op die moontlike uitbrandings-gesondheidstatus-verwantskap. Die proefpersone was 278 vroulike bestuurslui. Uitbranding toon ‘n direkte en statisties betekenisvolle (p(0.05) verband met gesondheidstatus. Hoe laer die uitbrandingspunt, hoe beter was die gesondheidstatus van die respondente. Uitbranding toon verder in die tweerigtingvariansie-analise onafhanklik van deelname aan fisieke aktiwiteit ‘n statisties betekenisvolle (p(0.05) verband met gesondheidstatus. In kontras hiermee het fisieke aktiwiteit by al drie die uitbrandingsgroepe geen verband met gesondheidstatus vertoon nie.
The development and validation of the communicating-for-change questionnaire
Authors: Coetzee C. J. H. , Fourie L. , Roodt G.
Published: August 2012

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire that measures the effectiveness of communication during organisational change interventions. A draft questionnaire was completed by a sample of convenience comprising 521 participants. The questionnaire contained 109 items in question format with a Likert-type response scale anchored at the extreme ends. The data was factor analysed and an iterative item analysis was executed. The results yielded a single scale with a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0,99. It is concluded, therefore, that the conceptualised domain of “communicating-for-change"? could be measured successfully through the use of the instrument developed in this study. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was die ontwikkeling en validering van ‘n vraelys wat die doeltreffendheid van kommunikasie tydens organisatoriese veranderingsintervensies meet. ‘n Konsepvraelys is op ‘n geleentheidsteekproef van 521 deelnemers afgeneem. Die vraelys het bestaan uit 109 items in vraagformaat met ‘n Likert-tipe responsskaal wat by die ekstreme pole geanker is. Die data is gefaktoranaliseer en ‘n iteratiewe itemontleding is uitgevoer. Die resultate het ‘n enkele skaal met ‘n Cronbach Alfa koëffisient van 0,99 opgelewer. Daar is derhalwe aanvaar dat die gekonseptualiseerde domein van “kommunikasie-vir-verandering” suksesvol met die instrument wat in die studie ontwikkel is, gemeet kon word.
Trust as a factor in determining how to attract, motivate and retain talentT
Authors: Martins Nico , Von der Ohe Hartmut
Published: August 2012

The aim of this study was to validate a questionnaire that can be used to determine how employees select the best company to work for. The second focus was to determine the role of trust in a relationship where employers must attract, motivate and retain employees. The confirmatory factor analysis resulted in 10 dimensions that supported most of the theoretically constructed dimensions. A second-order factor analysis was done and it became clear that there are two second-order factors underlying factor 1, namely leadership and trust. A strong correlation was found between trust and the dimensions of job satisfaction, relationships and leadership.

Opsomming

Die doel van die studie was om ‘n vraelys te valideer wat gebruik kon word om te bepaal hoe werknemers die beste organisasie om voor te werk kies. Die tweede fokus was om die rol van vertroue te bepaal in ‘n vertrouensverhouding waar werkgewers werknemers moet lok, motiveer en behou. ‘n Bevestigende faktorontleding het tien faktore tot gevolg gehad wat die meeste van die teoreties opgestelde dimensies ondersteun. ‘n Tweede-orde-faktorontleding van faktor een het aangetoon dat die faktor uit twee tweede-orde-faktore, leierskap en vertroue bestaan. ‘n Sterk korrelasie het voorgekom tussen vertroue en die dimensies van postevredenheid, verhoudinge en leierskap.
Communication of job-related information and work family conflict in dual-career couples
Authors: Theunissen Bedelia , Van Vuuren L. J. , Visser Deléne
Published: August 2012

It is known that work-family conflict is a determinant of marital dissatisfaction. The goal of this study was to determine whether inadequate communication regarding the sharing of job-related information between dual-career spouses contributes to marital dissatisfaction. The Work Perception Questionnaire (WPQ) was designed and administered to obtain information on dimensions that 80 dual-career couples (married or in co-habitation) perceived to contribute to marital conflict and that have an impact on the quality of their relationships. The main findings indicated that male partners experienced more marital conflict than their female partners if they did not have adequate job-related information about their partner’s work. However, the findings for the female partners were nonsignificant. The implications of the findings are discussed. Opsomming Dit is algemeen bekend dat werk- en gesinskonflik ‘n oorsaak van huweliksontevredenheid is. Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of ontoereikende kommunikasie oor werksverwante inligting tussen gades in dubbelloopbaanverhoudings ‘n bydraende faktor tot huweliksontevredenheid is. Die Werk Persepsie Vraelys (WPV) is ontwerp en toegepas ten einde inligting te versamel rakende sekere dimensies wat volgens die persepsies van 80 dubbelloopbaanpare (wat getroud is of saamwoon) aanleiding gee tot huwelikskonflik en wat moontlik ‘n impak op die gehalte van hul verhouding mag hê. Die belangrikste bevinding was dat manlike gades meer huwelikskonflik ervaar indien hul gades nie werksverwante inligting met hulle deel nie. Die resultate vir vroulike gades was egter nie beduidend nie. Die implikasies van die resultate word bespreek.
Die verband tussen waargenome leierskap en die vlak van outonomie binne spanverband
Authors: Van der Heyde A. , Roodt Gert
Published: August 2012

The relationship between perceived leadership and the level of outonomy in a team context remains a contemporary theme in the work environment and seemingly has a substantial influence on organisational success. This study attempted to ascertain the relationship between leadership and the level of outonomy in a team context. Two hundred and thirty (N=230) individuals, grouped into 56 teams from four South African companies participated in the study. The superordinate’s leadership style as well as the level of outonomy in the specific group was measured. Apart from the useful information obtained in comparison with international research, especially in terms of leadership data, the study did conclusively point out a significant correlation between leadership style and autonomy in team context. Opsomming Leierskap en selfgerigte spanfunksionering bly kontemporêre temas in die bedryfsmilieu, wat oënskynlik organisasiesukses wesenlik kan beïnvloed. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die waargenome verband tussen leierskap en die vlak van outonomie binne spanverband te bepaal. Tweehondered-en-dertig (N=230) individue, gegroepeer in 56 spanne vanuit vier Suid-Afrikaanse maatksappye het aan die studie deelgeneem. ‘n Meting van sowel die bogeskikte se leierskapstyl en die vlak van outonomie binne spanverband is verkry. Afgesien van bruikbare inligting rondom veral die leierskapdata in vergelyking met internasionale navorsing, het die studie ‘n beduidende verband tussen leierskapstyl en outonomie binne spanverband uitgewys.
Book review: “Into the people effectiveness arena: Navigating between chaos and order”
Authors: Pietersen Herman J.
Published: August 2012

Veldsman, T.H. (2002) "Into the people effectiveness arena: Navigating between chaos and order", Randburg, South Africa: Knowledge Resources, 364 pages. In a noteworthy new South African management text, Theo Veldsman, consultant in the strategic human resource management (SHRM) field, brings together the fruit of many years of experience and thought on people management issues in an exciting new way.
The relationship between work-family conflict and central life interests amongst single working mothers
Authors: Wallis Taryn , Price Linda
Published: August 2012

This study explored the experiences of work-family conflict amongst a group of twenty single working mothers with pre-school age children. Dubin’s (1992) theory of Central Life Interests was utilised to fully understand how the differential importance of the roles played by the women informed the level and nature of the conflict experienced. A two-phase research design was employed in which questionnaire responses from the first phase formed the basis for the second phase of in-depth qualitative interviews. Results indicated that participants viewed motherhood as their Central Life Interest and that this priority could lead them to experience greater conflict between work and family demands. Although work was rated second in importance when compared to family, it was still seen as being of great significance, not only for instrumental reasons, but also for the intellectual stimulation that it provided and opportunities to exercise independence and responsibility. Opsomming Die werk-en-familie konflik-ervarings van twintig werkende enkel-moeders met voorskoolse kinders is ondersoek in hierdie projek. Dubin (1992) se teorie van sentrale lewensbelangstellings is gebruik om te bepaal hoe die belangrikheid van die twee rolle die vlak en aard van die konflik bepaal het. Die navorsing is in twee fases gedoen: ‘n vraelys in die eerste fase, opgevolg deur in-diepte kwalitatiewe onderhoude. Resultate het gewys dat die deelnemers moederskap as hul sentrale lewensbelangstelling beskou het, en dat hierdie prioriteit kon lei tot groter konflik tussen die eise van werk en familie. Alhoewel werk as ondergeskik aan familie beoordeel is, was dit nogtans van groot belang. Aan die een kant was dit vir instrumentele redes, maar dit het ook intellektuele stimulasie verskaf en geleenthede gegee om onafhanklik en verantwoordelik op te tree.
Transformational leadership in business organisations ascending to world-class status: A case study in the petrochemical industry
Authors: De Kock P. M. , Slabbert J. A.
Published: August 2012

One of the most important prerequisites for economic competitiveness in the global economy, is the delivery of a unique product or service. In order to achieve this level of competitiveness, transformational rather than transactional leadership should be a core element in organisation’s ascent to ‘world-class’ status. Inline with other researching results, the most important finding of this study, which was conducted in a petrochemical industry, is that transformational leadership is not up to standard. Opsomming Een van die belangrikste voorvereistes vir ekonomiese kompetering in die globale ekonomie, is die lewering van ‘n unieke produk of diens. ‘n Voorvereiste wat slegs kan realiseer indien transformasionele leierskap eerder as transaksionele leierskap ‘n kernboublok in organisasies se strewe na ‘wêreldklas’ status vorm. Inlyn met die bevindinge van verskeie ander studies, is die vernaamste bevinding van ook die studie wat in ‘n petrochemiese bedryf gedoen is, dat transformasionele leierskap nog nie op standaard is nie.
Organisational inertia: Contrasting results in Australia and South Africa
Authors: Roodt Gert , Kinnear Carli , Erwee Ronel
Published: August 2012

This study investigates the similarities of scores on the Organisational Inertia Survey in executive samples in Australia and South Africa. The study builds on previous research on the metric qualities of the Organisational Inertia Survey and problems associated with assuming cross-cultural equivalence of measuring instruments. The sample for this study included a SA sample of 617 executives from different companies and 340 Australian executives from the Australian Institute of Management who participated in an Australian survey. The results show that a twofactor structure with a high internal consistency was extracted in the combined sample. The conclusion from further analyses is that significant differences exist in the obtained Organisational Inertia scores between Australian and South African examples and between male and female respondents. Opsomming Hierdie studie ondersoek die ooreenkomste tussen tellings van Australiese en Suid-Afrikaanse bestuurders op die organisasietraagheidvraelys. Die studie bou op vorige navorsing rakende die metriese eienskappe van die organisasietraagheidvraelys en probleme wat met die aanvaarding van tussen-kulturele ekwivalensie van meetinstrumente geassosieer word. Die steekproef vir hierdie studie het 617 Suid-Afrikaanse bestuurders uit verskillende maatskappye ingesluit en 340 Australiese bestuurders van die Australiese Bestuursinstituut wat aan die ondersoek deelgeneem het. Die resultate dui op ’n tweefaktor struktuur met ’n hoë interne betroubaarheid wat uit die gekombineerde steekproef onttrek is. Die gevolgtrekkings uit verdere ontledings is dat daar beduidende verskille bestaan in organisasietraagheidtellings tussen Australiese en Suid-Afrikaanse bestuurders en tussen manlike en vroulike respondente.
Reliability of competency-based, multi-dimensional, multiple-rater performance ratings
Authors: De Lange M. , Fourie L. , Van Vuuren L. J.
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this study was to test the assumption that the utilisation of competency-based, multi-dimensional, multiple-rater performance ratings would result in reliable and useful measurements of the performance of managers (N=200) in a specific South African organisation. Reliability coefficients were computed and factor analysis were undertaken to determine the reliability of the ratings. The results indicated high inter-method reliability and low inter-rater reliability. Although the competency- based, multi-dimensional, multiple-rater approach appeared to have facilitated valuable input towards the assessment process a greater degree of reliability, validity and usefulness was not necessarily achieved. Implications of these findings are discussed. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om die aanname dat die gebruik van bevoegdheidsgebaseerde, multi-dimensionele, meervoudige-beoordelaar prestasiebeoordeling tot betroubare en bruikbare metings van die prestasie van bestuurders (N=200) in ’n spesifieke Suid-Afrikaanse organisasie sou lei, te toets. Betroubaarheidskoëffisiënte is bereken en faktorontledings is uitgevoer om die betroubaarhede te bepaal. Die resultate het hoë inter-metodiese en lae inter-beoordelaar betroubaarhede aangedui. Hoewel dit wou voorkom of die bevoegdheids gebaseerde, multidimensionele, meervoudige beoordelaar benadering tot prestasie beoordeling nuttige inligting aan die prestasie beoordelingsproses verskaf, is ’n verhoogde mate van betroubaarheid, geldigheid en ruikbaarheid nie noodwendig verkry nie. Implikasies van die bevindinge word bespreek.
The construct equivalence of the PIB/SpEEx motivation index for job applicants from diverse cultural backgrounds
Authors: Schaap P. , Basson J. S.
Published: August 2012

The aim of the study was to determine the construct equivalence of the PIB/SpEEx Motivation Index for entry-level job applicants from diverse cultural backgrounds in the public safety and security sector in South Africa. The use of psychometric instruments in South Africa has been criticized because it is said that they are largely based on the values and knowledge of White minority groups and are construct bias and are less valid for other cultural groups. In this study a Black, Asian and White group were included to determine the intercultural equivalence of the internal locus of control and external locus of control constructs underlying the PIB/SpEEx Motivation Index. The results indicate that the constructs of the PIB/SpEEx Motivation Index are not biased and are therefore equivalent for the groups included in the study. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om die konstrukgelykwaardigheid van die PIB/SpEEx Motiveringsindeks vir kultureel diverse groepe toetree-applikante in die openbare veiligheidsektor te bepaal. Die algemeenste kritiek teen die gebruik van psigometriese meetinstrumente in Suid-Afrika is dat dit gebaseer is op Blanke waardes en kennis en dat dit gevolglik konstruksydig en minder geldig is vir ander kultuurgroepe. In hierdie studie is Swart, Asiër en Blanke groepe gebruik in die bepaling van die interkulturele gelykwaardigheid van die interne en die eksterne lokus van beheer konstrukte onderliggend aan die PIB/SpEEx Motiveringsindeks. Die resultate toon dat die PIB/SpEEx Motiveringsindeks nie sydig meet nie en dat die konstrukte dus gelykwaardig is vir die verskillende kultuurgroepe.
The dimensionality of professional commitment
Authors: Bagraim Jeffrey J.
Published: August 2012

This paper examines the dimensionality of professional commitment amongst a sample of 240 South African actuaries. Data were obtained, via a mailed questionnaire, from members of the South African Actuarial Society employed in the financial services industry. Statistical analysis conducted on the data showed that the 3-component model first proposed by Meyer, Allen and Smith (1993) is appropriate for understanding professional commitment amongst South African professionals. The analysis also showed that South African actuaries are highly committed to their profession. Opsomming Hierdie artikel ondersoek die dimensionaliteit van professionele toewyding by ‘n steekproef van 240 Suid-Afrikaanse aktuarisse. Die data is verkry deur ‘n posvraelys aan lede van die Suid-Afrikaanse Aktuariële Vereniging wat in die finansiële dienstesektor werksaam was. Statistiese ontledings wat uitgevoer is op die data dui aan dat die driekomponentmodel, aanvanklik voorgestel deur Meyer, Allen en Smith (1993), geskik is om professionele toewyding by Suid-Afrikaanse beroepslui te verstaan. Die ontleding dui verder aan dat Suid-Afrikaanse aktuarisse hoogs toegewyd is aan hulle professie.
Validation of the high performance leadership competencies as measured by an assessment centre in-basket
Authors: Spangenberg H. H. , Theron C. C.
Published: August 2012

The purpose of this study was to validate Schroder’s High Performance Leadership Competencies (HPLCs), measured by a specially designed In-basket, against multiple criteria. These consisted of six measures of managerial success, representing managerial advancement and salary progress criteria, and a newly developed comprehensive measure of work unit performance, the Performance Index. An environmental dynamism and complexity questionnaire served as moderator variable. Results indicated disappointing predictive validity quotients for the HPLCs as measured by an In-basket, in contrast to satisfactory predictive and construct validity obtained in previous studies by means of a full assessment centre. The implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions are made for improving the validity of the In-basket. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was die validering van Schroder se Hoëvlak Leierskapsbevoegdhede, gemeet deur ‘n spesiaal ontwerpte Posmandjie, teen veelvoudige kriteria. Dit behels ses metings van bestuursukses wat bestuursbevorderings- en salarisvorderingskriteria insluit, sowel as ‘n nuutontwikkelde, omvattende meting van werkeenheidsprestasie, die Prestasie indeks. ‘n Vraelys wat die dinamika en kompleksiteit van die omgewing meet, het as moderator veranderlike gedien. Resultate dui op teleurstellende geldigheidskwosiënte vir die Hoëvlak Leierskapsbevoegdhede soos gemeet deur ‘n posmandjie, in teenstelling met bevredigende voorspellings- en konstrukgeldigheid wat in vorige studies deur middel van ‘n volle takseersentrum verkry is. Die bevindinge word bespreek en voorstelle word gemaak om die geldigheidskwosiënte te verbeter.
Construct validity of competency dimensions in a team leader assessment centre
Authors: Greyling Lee-Ann , Visser Deléne , Fourie Linda
Published: August 2012

The aim of the study was to examine the construct validity of an assessment centre. The sample included 138 individuals who participated in a one-day call centre team leader assessment centre. Nine competency dimensions were rated using six exercises. Correlations and a principle axis factor analysis were utilised to study the convergent and discriminant validity of the dimension ratings. The results showed that the ratings clustered according to exercises rather than to dimensions (traits), thereby indicating a substantial amount of method variance. A further factor analysis of the nine competency dimensions yielded two factors that were named interpersonal and problem solving. Implications for the design of assessment centres are discussed. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om die konstrukgeldigheid van ’n takseersentrum te ondersoek. Die steekproef het uit 138 persone bestaan wat aan ’n eendagtakseersentrum vir oproepsentrumgroepleiers deelgeneem het. Ses oefeninge is gebruik om nege bevoegdheidsdimensies te meet. Korrelasies en ’n hoofasfaktorontleding is gebruik om die konvergente en diskriminante geldigheid van die dimensiebeoordelings te bestudeer. Die resultate het getoon dat die beoordelings volgens oefeninge eerder as dimensies (eienskappe) gegroepeer het. Hierdie bevinding dui op ’n hoë mate van metodevariansie. ’n Verdere faktorontleding van die nege bevoegdheidsdimensies het twee faktore, wat as interpersoonlik en probleemoplossend benoem is, opgelewer. Implikasies vir die ontwerp van takseersentrums word bespreek.
From identity to organisation identity: The evolution of a concept
Authors: Van Tonder C. L. , Lessing B. C.
Published: August 2012

The view that corporate and/or organisation identity is a contributing factor to organisational success, is increasingly observed in the media. At the same time research interest in the concept appears to be on the increase. While identity is not a novel concept and has presented in different forms, it remains shrouded in ambiguity and is in need of more precise articulation. The present study revisited the origins of the identity concept and reviewed various perspectives on identity. A specific meaning structure and theoretical framework for the organization identity concept is proposed and it is concluded that contemporary views of identity are increasingly embracing earlier psychological perspectives. Opsomming Die siening dat korporatiewe en/of organisasie-identiteit ’n bydraende faktor tot organisasiesukses is, word toenemend in die media waargeneem. Navorsingsbelangstelling in die konsep skyn terselfdertyd toe te neem. Terwyl identiteit geensins ’n nuwe konsep is nie en in verskillende vorme voorkom, bly dit in vaagheid gehul en word ’n meer duidelike omskrywing daarvan benodig. Die huidige studie het die oorsprong van die indentiteitskonsep nagespeur en verskeie perspektiewe op identiteit in oënskou geneem. ’n Bepaalde betekenisstruktuur en teoretiese raamwerk word vir die identiteitskonsep voorgestel en die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat kontemporêre sienings van identiteit toenemend besig is om vroeëre psigologiese perspektiewe te omsluit.
A conceptual and empirical validation of the household lifecycle concept in South Africa
Authors: Van Rooyen J. , Du Plessis P. J.
Published: August 2012

The family life cycle theory was used in the research as a tool for segmenting markets and developing marketing strategy. Households are not always family based and can take the form of single households, same gender households, and cohabiter-type households, each displaying distinctly different consumption behaviours. The researchers investigated whether the household life cycle theory is a valuable basis for segmentation in the South African environment. The results indicated that although the household life cycle theory has proven useful in differentiating between households in their consumption behaviour, it should not be used exclusively in segmenting markets due to the high level of within-stage heterogeneity. Opsomming Die gesinslewensikluskonsep is as ’n hulpmiddel gebruik in marksegmentering om bemarkingstrategieë te ontwikkel. Huishoudings is egter nie altyd gesins-gebaseerd nie en kan bestaan uit enkel-, dieselde geslag-, en saamblyhuishoudings wat elkeen merkbare verskille kan toon ten opsigte van verbruikspatrone. Ondersoek is gedoen oor die huishoudingslewensiklusteorie as basis vir marksegmentering in die Suid-Afrikaanse omgewing. Die resultate dui daarop dat ofskoon die huishoudingslewensiklus bruikbaar is om tussen huishoudings te differensieer in terme van verbruiksgedrag, diè teorie nie uitsluitlik en in isolasie gebruik moet word nie vanweë die hoë vlak van binne-stadium verskillendheid.
A psychometric approach to supervisory competency assessment
Authors: Vorster A. , Roodt G.
Published: August 2012

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using a psychometric approach for assessing supervisory competencies relevant to the mining and refining environment. The competency questionnaire was developed using supervisory roles and registered supervisory unit standards from the United Kingdom (UK), as no registered unit standards exist in South Africa. Twenty-four supervisors from three departments (Production, Engineering and Laboratory) were evaluated by 125 raters; besides by themselves, also by their managers, peers, customers and their sub-ordinates. Based on difference scores derived from the Importance and Performance scales, a single factor was extracted with an internal reliability of 0,965. No statistical significant differences were obtained (ANOVA’s, t-test and F-statistics) between groups based on biographical variables or between rater groups. The findings and their implications are further discussed. Opsomming Die primêre doel van die studie was om die moontlikheid vir die gebruik van ’n psigometriese benadering tot toesighouerbevoegdheidsbeoordeling, te evalueer. Die bevoegdheidsvraelys is ontwikkel deur gebruik te maak van toesighouersrolle en geregistreerde toesighouerseenheidstandaarde van die Verenigde Koningkryk, as gevolg van ‘n gebrek aan bestaande eenheidstandaarde in Suid-Afrika. Vier-en-twintig toesighouers van drie departemente (Produksie, Ingenieurswese en Laboratorium) is deur 125 beoordelaars geëvalueer; buiten deur hulself, ook deur hul bestuurders, kollegas, kliënte en hul ondergeskiktes. ’n Enkele faktor, met ’n betroubaarheid van 0,965, gebaseer op die verskiltellings van die Prestasie- en Belangrikheidskaal, is onttrek. Geen beduidende verskille (ANOVA’s, t-toetse en F-statistiek) kon tussen groepe gebaseer op biografiese veranderlikes en die onderskeie beoordelaarsgroepe gevind word nie. Hierdie bevindinge en die implikasies daarvan word verder bespreek.
Book Review: The Communicating Leader: The key to strategic alignment (2nd Ed)
Authors: Birkenbach X. C.
Published: August 2012

Title: The Communicating Leader: The key to strategic alignment (2nd Ed) Author: Gustav Puth Publisher: Van Schaik Publishers Reviewer: XC Birkenbach The aim of the book according to the author, is "meant to be a usable tool, an instrument in the toolbox of the real leader and leadership student". The book is written in conversational style (as intended by the author) and the 219 pages of the 10 chapters are logically packaged into three parts. While the main emphasis is naturally on leadership and communication, the coverage includes topics typically encountered in Organisational Behaviour or Management texts, e.g., organizational culture, managing change, motivation, conflict management and strategic management.
Apparel shopping behaviour – Part 1: Towards the development of a conceptual theoretical model
Authors: Du Preez R
Published: August 2012

Apparel shopping behaviour in a multicultural society is a complex phenomenon. The objective of this paper is to analyse various theoretical models from two disciplines, namely Consumer Behaviour and Clothing, and to develop a new conceptual theoretical model focussing on variables influencing apparel shopping behaviour in a multicultural consumer society. Variables were presented as market dominated, consumer dominated, and/or market and consumer interaction variables. Retailers, marketers, educators, researchers and students could benefit from the proposed model and recommendations are made in this regard. Part 2 reports on an empirical study based on the proposed conceptual theoretical model and discusses market segments and profiles.

Opsomming

Klere-aankoopgedrag in ’n multi-kulturele verbruikersamelewing is ’n komplekse fenomeen. Die doelwit van die artikel is om verskeie teoretiese modelle vanuit twee dissiplines, naamlik Verbruikersielkunde en Kleding, te analiseer. ’n Nuwe konseptuele teoretiese model is ontwikkel. Die model fokus op veranderlikes wat klereaankoopgedrag in ’n multi-kulturele verbruikersamelewing beïnvloed. Veranderlikes word gegroepeer op grond van die mate waartoe dit oorheers word deur die mark, verbruiker en/of die interaksie tussen die mark en die verbruiker. Kleinhandelaars, bemarkers, opvoeders, navorsers en studente sou kon voordeel trek uit die voorgestelde model. Aanbevelings word in dié verband gemaak. In Deel 2 word ’n empiriese studie gerapporteer. Dié studie is op hierdie voorgestelde konseptuele teoretiese model gegrond en marksegmente sowel as profiele word bespreek.
Apparel shopping behaviour – Part 2: Conceptual theoretical model, market segments, profiles and implications
Authors: Du Preez R. , Visser E. M.
Published: August 2012

This article is based on the conceptual theoretical model developed in Part 1 of this series of articles. The objective of this research is to identify female apparel consumer market segments on the basis of differentiating lifestyles, shopping orientation, cultural consciousness, store patronage and demographics. These profiles are discussed in full and the implications thereof for retailers, marketers and researchers are highlighted. A new conceptual model is proposed and recommendations are made for further research. Opsomming Hierdie artikel word gebaseer op die konseptuele teoretiese model wat reeds in Deel 1 van hierdie artikelreeks ontwikkel is. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om marksegmente van vroue klere-kopers te identifiseer na aanleiding van hulle lewenstyle, kooporiëntasie, kulturele bewustheid, winkelvoorkeurgedrag en demografie. Hierdie profiele word volledig beskryf en die implikasies van die verskillende profiele vir kleinhandelaars, bemarkers en navorsers word uitgelig. ’n Nuwe konseptuele model word voorgestel en aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing word gemaak.
Negative self-regard at work – Frustrating the need for self-enhancement and self-consistency
Authors: Credé Marcus , Price Linda
Published: August 2012

A positive and consistent sense of self is a key requirement for psychological well-being. Thirteen South African police officers and five police psychologists were interviewed to investigate the prevalence of negative social feedback received by officers and the consequences of such feedback on their sense of self. Negative social feedback and perceived lack of support from police management, courts, and government were widely prevalent and were seen to impact strongly on police officers. Officers had a largely negative view of themselves, their organisation, and the social context in which they operated. They engaged in dysfunctional and self-destructive behaviour and experienced significant discrepancies between their work and non-work selves. Opsomming Aanduidings uit die literatuur is dat navorsing aangaande bevoegdheidsevaluering gebrekkig is aan ’n teoretiese ondertoon. Ondersoek word ingestel na die kognitiewe prosesse wat plaasvind gedurende beoordeling wat aanduidend kan wees van die hoë persentasie variansie tussen evalueerders. Die beginsels van vyf verskillende kognitiewe teorieë word bespreek om moontlike verklarings te ondersoek, naamlik kognitiewe keuse-, kognitiewe evaluering-, sosiaal kognitieweteorieë, meta-kognitiewe- en die nuwe paradigma- benaderings.
The postmodern consumer: Implications of changing customer expectations for organisation development in service organisations
Authors: Van Tonder C. L.
Published: August 2012

Postmodern society is predominantly viewed as a consumption- oriented society that developed as a reaction to the more traditional, modern society. The observed divide between modern and postmodern societies suggests different consumption patterns and consumer profiles which could have significant implications for service organisations. The discussion contrasted the modern and postmodern eras and societies, and isolated the main characteristics and service expectations of the postmodern consumer. The implications for organisation development (OD) in service organisations, notably in terms of the changes that are required, are highlighted. Opsomming Die postmodernistiese samelewing word hoofsaaklik as ‘n verbruikersgeoriënteerde samelewing gesien, wat in reaksie op die meer tradisionele modernistiese samelewing ontwikkel het. Die waargenome gaping tussen modernistiese en postmodernistiese samelewings suggereer verskillende verbruikspatrone en verbruikersprofiele wat beduidende implikasies vir diensorganisasies kan inhou. Die bespreking het die modernistiese en postmodernistiese eras en samelewings gekontrasteer en die hoof eienskappe en diensverwagtinge van die postmodernistiese verbruiker geïsoleer. Implikasies vir organisasie-ontwikkeling in diensorganisasies, veral in terme van die veranderinge wat benodig word, word aangedui.
The prediction of job involvement for pharmacists and accountants
Authors: Van Wyk R. , Boschoff A. B. , Cilliers F. V. N.
Published: August 2012

The job involvement of the individual seems to be potentially fundamental to the satisfaction of certain salient psychological needs that could lead to positive organizational implications. This study investigates the predictiveness of job involvement of 375 professionals in the pharmacy (n = 200) and accountancy (n = 175) occupations by means of Multiple Regression Analysis through personality characteristics and job satisfaction. A number of significant but weak relationships are reported varying between 1.29% and 9.85% common variance. Job involvement is predicted reasonably well for the total sample (19.35%) and the sub-samples of professionals (11.01% and 24.71% respectively). Opsomming Werkbetrokkenheid van die individu blyk potensiëel ’n fundamentele rol te speel in die bevrediging van sekere onderliggende psigologiese behoeftes, wat kan lei tot positiewe organisasie uitkomste. Hierdie studie van 375 professionele persone vanuit die apteker- (n = 200) en rekenmeester- (n = 175) beroepe ondersoek die verhouding en voorspelbaarheid van werkbetrokkenheid deur middel van Meervoudige Regressie Analise en werksatisfaksie en persoonlikheidstrekke faktore as onafhanklike veranderlikes. ’n Aantal stastisties betekenisvolle, maar matige verwantskappe word geraporteer (gemeenskaplike variansies tussen 1.29% en 9.85%). Werkbetrokkenheid is redelik goed voorspel vir die totale steekproef (19.35%) asook die professionele sub-groepe (11.01% en 24.71% onderskeidelik)
The predictive validity of the selection battery used for junior leader training within the South African national defence force
Authors: Muller Johannes , Schepers Johann
Published: August 2012

The principal objective of the study was to determine the predictive validity of the test battery used for the selection of junior leaders in the South African National Defence Force. A sample of 96 respondents completed certain indices of the SPEEX-Battery as well as the Advanced Ravens Progressive Matrices test. The test results were compared with the course results. Using canonical correlation analysis, a highly significant relationship was found between the independent variables and the dependent variables (r = 0,787; p is less than 0,00005). The predictors with the highest loadings were cognitive ability, conceptualisation, reading comprehension, listening potential, physical stress, and mental stress. Opsomming Die hoofdoelwit van die studie was om die voorspellingsgeldigheid van die toetsbattery vir keuring van junior leiers in die Suid Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag te evalueer. ’n Steekproef van 96 respondente het sekere indekse van die SPEEX-Battery asook die Advanced Ravens Progressive Matrices toets voltooi. Die toetsresultate is vervolgens vergelyk met die kursusuitslae. Die veranderlikes is aan kanoniese korrelasie-ontleding onderwerp wat ’n betekenisvolle verwantskap opgelewer het tussen die onafhanklike veranderlikes en die afhanklike veranderlikes (r = 0,787; p is kleiner as 0,00005). Die voorspellers met die hoogste ladings was kognitiewe vermoë, konseptualisering, leesbegrip, luisterpotensiaal, fisieke stres en psigiese stres.
Burnout and job stress in a local government: The moderating effect of sense of coherence
Authors: Rothmann S. , Jackson L. T. B. , Kruger M. M.
Published: August 2012

The objective of this research was to establish the relationship between burnout and job stress, and to determine whether sense of coherence moderates the effects of job stress on burnout of employees in a local government. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The sample consisted of 270 employees of a local government. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, Job Stress Indicator and Orientation to Life Questionnaire were administered. Canonical analysis showed that a weak sense of coherence combined with stress because of job demands and a lack of resources were associated with all three components of burnout. Structural equation modelling showed that sense of coherence moderated the effect of job stress on exhaustion. Cynicism mediated the effect of exhaustion on professional efficacy.Opsomming Die doelstelling van hierdie navorsing was om die verwantskap tussen psigiese uitbranding en werkstres te bepaal en om te bepaal of koherensiesin die effek van werkstres op uitbranding by werknemers binne ’n plaaslike owerheid modereer. ’n Eenmalige dwarssnee opname-ontwerp is gebruik. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 270 werknemers van ’n plaaslike owerheid. Die Maslach Uitbrandingsvraelys, die Werkstres-Indikator en die Lewensoriëntasievraelys is afgeneem. Kanoniese analise het getoon dat ’n swak koherensiesin, asook stres a.g.v. hoë werkseise en ’n gebrek aan organisasie- ondersteuning geassosieer was met al drie komponente van uitbranding. Strukturele vergelykingsmodellering het aangetoon dat koherensiesin die effek van werkstres op uitbranding modereer. Sinisme het die effek van uitputting op professionele doeltreffendheid gemedieer.
Coping, stress and burnout in the South African police service in Kwazulu-natal
Authors: Wiese L. , Rothmann S. , Storm K.
Published: August 2012

The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between coping, stress and burnout in the South African Police Service. A survey design was used. The study population (N = 257) consisted of police personnel in Kwazulu-Natal. The COPE, Police Stress Inventory and Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS), were used as measuring instruments. Structural equation analysis showed that job demands (as stressors) are associated with exhaustion. Passive coping strategies contributed to exhaustion and cynicism, while seeking emotional support led to lower exhaustion. Exhaustion contributed to cynicism. Stress because of a lack of resources, active coping strategies and not coping passively seem to impact on professional efficacy. Opsomming Die doelstelling van hierdie navorsing was om die verband tussen coping, stres en uitbranding binne die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens te ondersoek. ’n Opname-ontwerp is gebruik. Die studiepopulasie (N = 257) het bestaan uit polisiepersoneel in Kwazulu-Natal. Die COPE, die Polisiestres-Opname en die Maslach-uitbrandingsvraelys – Algemene Opname (MBI-GS) is as meetinstrumente gebruik. Strukturele vergelykingsmodellering het aangetoon dat werkseise (as stressore) geassosieer word met uitputting. Passiewe coping- strategieë het bygedra tot uitputting en sinisme, terwyl die soeke na emosionele ondersteuning tot laer uitputting gelei het. Uitputting het tot sinisme bygedra. Stres a.g.v. ’n tekort aan hulpbronne (invers), aktiewe coping-strategieë en passiewe coping-strategieë (invers) blyk ’n uitwerking op professionele doeltreffendheid te hê.
Occupational stress of emergency workers in Gauteng
Authors: Naudé J. L. P. , Rothmann S.
Published: August 2012

The objectives of this study were to determine the construct validity, internal consistency, construct equivalence and item bias of the Emergency Worker Stress Inventory (EWSI) and to identify occupational stressors for emergency workers. A cross-sectional survey design was used. An accidental sample (N = 405) of emergency workers in Gauteng was used. The EWSI was developed as a measuring instrument and administered together with a biographical questionnaire. Three internally consistent stress factors, namely Lack of Resources, Job Demands and Inherent Emergency Work Stressors w ere extracted. Low structural equivalence regarding perceived stressors was detected for the Nguni-language group. No practically significant differences were found between occupational stressors of emergency workers in different positions and language groups. Opsomming Die doelstellings van hierdie navorsing was om die konstrukgeldigheid, interne konsekwentheid, konstrukekwivalensie en itemsydigheid van die Nooddienswerker Stresvraelys (NWSV) te bepaal en beroepstressore vir nooddienswerkers te identifiseer. ’n Dwarssnee opname-ontwerp is gebruik. Die studiepopulasie is met behulp van ’n beskikbaarheidsteekproef (N = 405) van nooddienswerkers in Gauteng verkry. Die NWSV is ontwikkel vir die studie en saam met ’n biografiese vraelys afgeneem. Drie interne konsekwente stresfaktore, naamlik Tekort aan Hulpbronne, Poseise en Inherente Nooddiens Stressore is onttrek. Lae konstrukekwivalensie is ten opsigte van waargenome stressore vir die Nguni taalgroep gevind. Geen prakties betekenisvolle verskille is tussen die beroepstressore van nooddienswerkers in verskillende posisies en taalgroepe gevind nie.
The relationship between burnout, personality traits and coping strategies in a corporate pharmaceutical group
Authors: Storm K. , Rothmann S.
Published: August 2012

The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between burnout, personality traits and coping strategies. A survey design was used. The study population consisted of 131 employees in a corporate pharmaceutical group. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, NEO Personality Inventory Revised and COPE were administered. Active coping strategies were associated with Emotional Stability, Extraversion, Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness, while passive coping strategies were associated with Neuroticism, low Agreeableness and low Conscientiousness. Emotional Stability, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were associated with lower emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation and higher personal accomplishment. Constructive coping strategies were associated with personal accomplishment. Opsomming Die doelstelling van hierdie navorsing was om te bepaal of daar ’n verband tussen uitbranding, persoonlikheidstrekke en coping-strategieë bestaan. ’n Opnameontwerp is gebruik. Die ondersoekgroep het bestaan uit 131 werknemers van ’n korporatiewe apteekgroep. Drie vraelyste is gebruik, naamlik die Maslach-Uitbrandingsvraelys, die NEO Personality Inventory Revised en die COPE. Aktiewe coping-strategieë is geassosieer met Emosionele Stabiliteit, Ekstroversie, Openheid vir Ervaring en Konsensieusheid, terwyl passiewe coping-strategieë geassosieer is met Neurotisisme, lae Inskiklikheid en lae Konsensieusheid. Emosionele Stabiliteit, Ekstroversie, Openheid vir Ervaring, Inskiklikheid en Konsensieusheid is geassosieer met lae emosionele uitputting, lae depersonalisasie en hoë persoonlike bereiking. Konstruktiewe coping-strategieë is geassosieer met persoonlike bereiking.
Book review: Research at grass roots: For the social sciences and human services professions
Authors: Greyling Mike
Published: August 2012

Research at Grass Roots: For the social sciences and human services professions. De Vos, A.S. (ed), Strydom, H., Fouche, C.B. & Delport, C.S.L. (2002). Published by Van Schaik Publishers, Pretoria
Brief research note: Self congruity, reference groups, and consumer behavior
Authors: Van Der Giessen Barbara , Rijken Nicole , Louw Johann
Published: August 2012

The decision to buy certain products and brands depends on a number of factors; some social, and some personal. In this report, we explore the potential relationship between self-image, reference group influence, and consumer behaviour.
Development of a questionnaire for assessing work unit performance
Authors: Spangenberrg H. H. , Theron C.
Published: August 2012

The aim of this study was to develop a generic work unit performance measure that can be utilised in private, public and non-profit work units. Development of such a questionnaire, called the Performance Index (PI) comprised three steps, namely deciding on a baseline structure for the model; verifying the model and dimensions through subject expert feedback; and consolidating the model and refining the questionnaire. The sample consisted of 60 units rated on a 360 basis by 257 respondents. Item and dimensionality analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis utilising LISREL produced acceptable model fit. Overall, results provided reasonable psychometric support for the Performance Index. Opsomming Die doel van die studie was om ’n generiese werkeenheid- prestasiemeting te ontwikkel wat in privaat, openbare en nie-winsgerigte organisasies gebruik kan word. Die ontwikkeling van die vraelys, die Prestasie-Indeks (PI) het drie stappe behels, naamlik om te besluit op ’n onderliggende struktuur vir die model; om die model en dimensies deur middel van ekspert-beoordeling te verifieer; en om die model te konsolideer en die vraelys af te rond. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 60 eenhede wat op ’n 360-basis deur 257 respondente beoordeel is. Item- en dimensionaliteitsontledings, gevolg deur Lisrel-gedrewe bevestigende faktorontleding het gedui op aanvaarbare modelpassing. In geheel beslou het resultate redelike psigometriese ondersteuning aan die Prestasie-Indeks verleen.