bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology for analysing MRI images of uterine fibroids – the difficulties and limitations
Authors: Wong Felix , Shun Wu
Published: January 2025

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is now frequently used to diagnose uterine fibroids and to determine the treatment approach for minimally invasive surgery and non-invasive focussed ultrasound (HIFU) surgery. However, MRI images of some fibroids can be difficult to identify accurately. In this paper, we explain in simple terms the approaches used in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) study of MRI imaging that can analyse, learn, and increase the sensitivity of determining the sizes, locations, number of fibroids and their abnormalities. The difficulties and limitations of AI application to automatic analysis of MRI fibroid images in our early study are discussed. This paper hopes to arouse the interest of medical professionals to understand how the mechanism of AI can help analyse MRI images and incorporate AI into their daily imaging work.
ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE E O ENFRENTAMENTO À COVID-19
Authors: Sumiya Alberto , Almeida Carlos Podalirio Borges de
Published: January 2025

Este artigo desenvolveu uma reflexão crítica sobre orientações que permearam a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no combate à COVID-19 por meio de informações que foram divulgadas pelos ministérios da saúde de cinco países. A análise mostrou que a APS é de extrema importância, mas no Brasil precisa de investimentos para assegurar a qualidade do processo de trabalho. As recomendações dos países foram bem parecidas, dando a impressão de que o Brasil esteve relativamente alinhado; porém, houve considerável desarticulação entre as diversas instâncias e consequentemente um atraso na implementação de medidas que influenciou a adesão da população. Como estratégias/ferramentas que se destacaram, surgiram a telemedicina e a comunicação em saúde, que mostram potencial para o gerenciamento eficiente de epidemias.
ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE ÀS PESSOAS COM DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NO ÂMBITO DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA
Authors: Silva Amanda Gabriela Araújo da , Virgínia de Souza Cassia , Mayra de Almeida Barreto Erika , Arruda Rolim Ana Carine , Andrade Bezerra Ricardo
Published: January 2025

O cenário epidemiológico brasileiro aponta que as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis são cada vez mais comuns, e a atenção primária à saúde é o nível de atenção considerado alicerce para o sistema de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as ações desenvolvidas na atenção primária para as pessoas com doenças crônicas no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, de natureza quantitativa, produzido a partir de dados secundários de acesso público do 3º ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (2015-2017). Os dados foram analisados no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), e foram determinadas as frequências. Encontrou-se que apenas 36,3% das equipes de atenção básica realizam o exame de fundo de olho em pessoas com diabetes e que a ação mais executada pelas equipes após identificar usuários com obesidade é o encaminhamento para o serviço especializado (89,0%). A principal estratégia realizada pelo Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e pela Atenção Básica para pessoas com doenças crônicas é motivação e orientação para o autocuidado (98,2%). As ações analisadas mostraram-se satisfatórias, havendo sobretudo uma melhora nos resultados quando comparados na literatura com ciclos anteriores.
A GRADUAÇÃO EM SAÚDE COLETIVA NO I CONGRESSO NACIONAL DE BACHARÉIS EM SAÚDE COLETIVA
Authors: Mendonça Paula Beatriz de Souza , De Lima Castro Janete
Published: January 2025

RESUMO: Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre a graduação em Saúde Coletiva no I Congresso Nacional de Bacharéis em Saúde Coletiva (I CONABASC), realizado entre 22 e 23 de maio de 2021, de forma virtual. O evento contou com ampla participação de professores, alunos e egressos. Os debates foram realizados a partir de exposições dialogadas e apresentações de trabalhos que contribuíram para o conhecimento sobre a graduação em Saúde Coletiva e atuação profissional dos egressos. Entre os temas discutidos pelos egressos destaca-se o conflito entre a predominância da ocorrência dos cursos em turno noturno e o funcionamento de serviços de saúde de campos de estágios em turno diurno. Tal conflito entre os turnos prejudicou a oferta de estágios no processo de formação destes egressos. Ademais, pôde ser destacada a falta de parcerias entre as universidades e as instituições privadas para realizarem atividades práticas, tendo em vista sua configuração como campo profissional para os egressos. Os avanços e conquistas para formação: aprovação pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE/MEC) as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso de graduação em Saúde Coletiva em 2017, a inclusão da ocupação de sanitarista na Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações (CBO) em 2017, criação da Associação de Bacharéis em Saúde Coletiva (ABASC) em 2019 e a tramitação do Projeto de Lei n. 1821/2021 para o reconhecimento profissional de sanitarista. Este estudo contribui com o debate na comunidade acadêmica sobre formação e os egressos da graduação em Saúde Coletiva.
SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
Authors: Gomes Valter Gomes , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo Siqueira Batista , Rodrigues da  Motta Oswaldo Jesus Rodrigues da Motta
Published: January 2025

Resumo: O cuidado à saúde do trabalhador é uma das atribuições do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), especialmente no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), a qual tem por diretriz o desenvolvimento de ações no campo saúde-trabalho. Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever e analisar as percepções e as ações desenvolvidas no âmbito da APS voltadas à saúde ocupacional. Utilizou-se o método revisão integrativa de literatura, a partir das bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e da Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo). Para descrição e análise foram selecionadas dezenove publicações considerando as seguintes categorias: (1) Saúde ocupacional dos profissionais da saúde que trabalham na APS, (2) Saúde dos trabalhadores e (3) APS, conhecimentos e ações voltadas à saúde do trabalhador na APS. Os resultados revelaram que os profissionais de saúde estão expostos a riscos biológicos, físicos, químicos, ergonômicos, psicológicos e de acidentes, resultado do exercício do seu trabalho. Observou-se também que os trabalhadores buscam atendimento na APS como porta de entrada para o cuidado de sua saúde. Conclui-se que falta articulação, conhecimentos, atitudes, planejamento e ações que visam as relações trabalho-saúde-doença. Há necessidade de capacitação e qualificação dos profissionais e gestores da saúde, no que tange à saúde ocupacional.
DESAFIOS PARA O SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE (SUS) NO PÓS SARS-COV-2
Authors: Da Motta Oswaldo Jesus Rodrigues
Published: January 2025

A pandemia causada pelo vírus SARS COV-2 – agente etiológico da COVID-19 – é a maior emergência de saúde pública já enfrentada pela comunidade internacional no século XXI. Por ter influência global e afetar todas as nações do planeta, a forma como cada país se organiza para o enfrentamento da moléstia tem grande impacto nos resultados alcançados. No Brasil, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a despeito do seu crônico sucateamento, tem sido estratégico para o controle da vigente crise de saúde pública, a qual tem trazido substantivos impactos políticos, econômicos, sociais, educacionais e (bio)éticos. Com base nessas preliminares considerações, o presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir os desafios contemporâneos e os possíveis impactos futuros da pandemia de COVID-19, propondo reflexões e caminhos para superação dos obstáculos que ainda poderão surgir para o Sistema Único de Saúde.
A Comparative Analysis of Local Wisdom in Banjarese and Buginese Folklore: Qualitative Insights for Language Use and Teaching in Education
Authors: Irlina Andi , Djamalie Zulfa
Published: January 2025

This study explores the educational values embedded in Banjarese and Buginese folklore through a qualitative descriptive comparison, focusing on the local wisdom and language use present in these cultural narratives. By examining a selection of folk tales from both ethnic groups, the research identifies key themes and moral lessons that reflect the unique socio-cultural contexts of the Banjarese and Buginese communities. Through detailed content analysis, the study reveals how these traditional stories convey ethical teachings, social norms, and cultural heritage, while also illustrating the practical use of language in educational settings. The findings highlight the potential of integrating folklore into modern educational curricula, particularly for language teaching, to foster cultural awareness, moral development, and community values among students. The comparative analysis underscores both the commonalities and unique elements of local wisdom in Banjarese and Buginese folklore, providing educators with valuable insights on utilizing these narratives to enhance language learning and cultural competence. This research contributes to the broader discourse on the role of indigenous knowledge in education, advocating for the preservation and application of folklore to enrich educational content, promote effective language use, and support cultural diversity.
Cultivar el pensamiento: Inteligencia Artificial para una nueva soberanía epistemológica
Authors: Quintero López Dayro León , Duque Cardona Natalia
Published: January 2025

Visiones anti humanistas han creado una representación amenazante de las Inteligencias Artificiales (IA). Sin embargo, a través del trabajo académico de la Universidad de Antioquia, esta investigación de carácter documental, consideramos que la Inteligencia Artificial es un taller de humanidad, para utilizar el concepto acuñado por Comenio en su Didáctica Magna, que hace posible una nueva soberanía epistemológica. En razón de lo cual, acudimos al cultivo del pensamiento bajo el marco de una conceptualización de orden socio crítico, ya que estamos convencidos que permitirá un espacio del decir y un decir en el espacio mediante el cual se produce, circula y apropia un tipo de relación solidaria, que desde la educación haga posible, pasar de una reflexión dicotómica, a una reflexión cooperativa, donde la IA es el escenario de posibilidad, existencia y funcionamiento para que lo humano se redefina y se constituya en un nuevo modo de administración del conocimiento, siempre al servicio de nuestras dimensiones éticas, estéticas y políticas. Por lo tanto, la intersección entre concepciones y representaciones, que desde lo discursivo e investigativo se han venido tejiendo los últimos cinco años alrededor de la IA y la relación con lo humano, serán el punto de inflexión mediante el cual tejeremos una propuesta ubicada en un tipo de incertidumbre que no es subsidiaria de las visiones usurpadoras y menos aún de algún tipo de dependencia epistemológica para desde allí mostrar que hay un nuevo tipo de soberanía epistemológica que es necesario reconocer.
Soberania na cadeia produtiva de IA
Authors: Figaro Roseli , Paulino Luís Antônio
Published: January 2025

Este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir soberania, infraestrutura e trabalho como fatores a serem considerados no desenvolvimento da cadeia produtiva necessária para a Inteligência Artificial. A cadeia produtiva para o desenvolvimento de IA é abordada, considerando os recursos nela envolvidos: reservas minerais, território, água e energia; dados dos seres humanos e trabalho. Esses elementos conceituais e analíticos são necessários para a construção de argumentação sobre o lugar da soberania, do trabalho e do trabalhador nessa cadeia produtiva. Os estudos sobre os impactos que envolvem os desenvolvimentos de IA necessitam tornar evidentes o conjunto da força de trabalho que nela está envolvida. Ao se identificar como o trabalho vem sendo tratado pelos setores hegemônicos que controlam a implementação dessa tecnologia, poder-se-á construir um instrumental crítico para que se oriente medidas afirmativas no sentido de legislações reguladoras de interesse soberano e de oportunidades e qualidade de vida para as populações.
Traffic management implications of Cooperative Automated Vehicles mixed with Regular Vehicles on motorways
Authors: Makahleh Hisham Y. , Makahleh Ghidaa Y.
Published: January 2025

Automated vehicles (AVs) are rapidly evolving and have gained increasing attention from researchers due to their tremendous traffic management and safety advantages. While several studies discussed the implications of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) technologies for capacity, few had a comprehensive approach to the impacts of CACC-equipped vehicles (Cooperative AVs) on motorway traffic management and sustainability. According to both NHTSA and SAE, CACC is considered level 1 automation. Nonetheless, the performance of CACC vehicles under each scenario can be demonstrative of the performance at higher automation levels. This paper evaluates the impacts of Cooperative AVs on motorway traffic capacity, speed, and ecological sustainability, comparing them against Regular Vehicles (RVs). A micro-simulation model in PTV VISSIM was developed to analyze the interaction of Cooperative AVs and RVs in interurban traffic scenarios. The study assessed the impact of Cooperative AVs on critical traffic metrics, including capacity, speed, flow, vehicle delay, and CO₂ emissions. Various penetration levels of Cooperative AVs (0%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100%) were evaluated in a mixed traffic environment alongside RVs. Results showed that Cooperative AVs significantly improve traffic performance. At full penetration, road capacity increased by 85%, average speed by 65%, and traffic flow by 80%. Additionally, vehicle delays were reduced by 75%, and CO₂ emissions decreased by 40%, underscoring both traffic efficiency and ecological benefits. These findings highlight the potential of Cooperative AVs to transform motorway traffic management by improving flow and sustainability. However, challenges remain, including the unpredictability of human drivers, mixed traffic complexities, and the need for advanced Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) infrastructure. This study provides essential insights for policymakers and planners to better integrate Cooperative AVs into future transportation systems.
Assessing the Effects of Yeast Vinasse with Conventional Manures on Soybean Performance and Soil Properties
Authors: Paul Anusree , Mahato Manimala , Jayakrishna V.V.S , Dey Madhurima , Dutta Dhananjoy
Published: January 2025

Background: Indiscriminate management of chemical fertilizer is the major cause of deterioration of soil health, yield, sustainability and biodiversity. The effect of Yeast vinasse, a by-product of bakery industry,on the growth, yield and quality of soybean as well as soil fertility and biological properties was evaluated over conventional manures through integrated nutrient management. Methods: Field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2020 and 2021 at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), West Bengal, India in sandy loam soil (Entisol) with eight nutrient treatments combining organic sources (FYM, Vermicompost and Yeast vinasse) with inorganic NPK fertilizers and ZnSO4 foliar spray in randomised block design replicated thrice. Standard procedures were followed for plant and soil analysis. Result: Vermicompost 1.5 t ha-1 along with 75% RDF and 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar application showed highest growth, yield, quality and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by the crop, which was statistically at par with 2 t ha-1 yeast vinasse along with 75% RDF and 0.5% ZnSO4 foliar spray. The same treatments also exhibited higher soil organic carbon content and microbial activity; available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) status of soil over other treatments.
The protective duration of Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine in Nile Tilapia for the prevention of streptococcosis
Authors: Sukenda , , Rusli , , Nuryati Sri , Hidayatullah Dendi
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the protective duration of Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine against streptococcosis in Nile tilapia. Fish were treated by the whole cell vaccine, ECP vaccine and mixture of whole cell and ECP vaccine. After 14, 28, 42, and 52 day post-vaccination (DPV), the fish were intraperitoneally challenged with 104  cfu/mL S. agalactiae. The results showed mortality rate of whole-cell vaccine (A), ECP vaccine (B) and mix vaccine (C) up to day 42 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the control treatment, namely 73.33%; 80%; and 76%, respectively. The mortality rate of vaccine treatments A, B, and C on day 56 had no significant difference (P>0.05) with the control. The value of antibody titer vaccine treatments A, B, and C indicate that antigen-antibody reaction on day 28 after the vaccination was significantly (P <0.05) higher than the control that were 3.67; 3.33; and 3.67. Antigen-antibody reaction on day 42 after the vaccination was founded, but did not different significantly (P>0.05) with the control. Bacterial population in treatment A, B, and C in the organs of the fish until the 28th day was still under the control of 104  cfu/mL. S. agalactiae vaccine protection duration is 42 days after the vaccination. Keywords : nile tilapia, Streptococcus agalactiae, duration, vaccine, streptococcosis  ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis durasi proteksi dari vaksin Streptococcus agalactiae sebagai pencegahan terhadap streptococcosis pada ikan nila. Ikan divaksinasi dengan vaksin sel utuh, ECP dan gabungan sel utuh dan ECP dari S. agalactiae yang diinjeksi secara intrapetorineal. Ikan diuji tantang S. agalactiae 104  cfu/mL pada hari ke-14, ke-28, ke-42, dan ke-56 pascavaksinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat mortalitas perlakuan vaksin sel utuh (A), vaksin ECP (B), dan gabungan vaksin sel utuh dengan ECP (C) hingga hari ke-42 masih signifikan (P<0,05) lebih rendah dari perlakuan kontrol yaitu 73,33%; 80%; dan 76%. Tingkat mortalitas perlakuan vaksin A, B, dan C pada hari ke-56 sudah tidak berbeda signifikan (P>0,05) dengan kontrol. Nilai titer antibodi perlakuan vaksin A, B, dan C menunjukkan bahwa reaksi antigen antibodi pada hari ke-28 pascavaksinasi masih signifikan (P<0,05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol  yaitu 3,67; 3,33; dan 3,67. Reaksi antigen antibodi pada hari ke-42 pascavaksinasi masih ditemukan, namun tidak berbeda signifikan (P>0,05) dengan kontrol. Populasi bakteri pada perlakuan A, B, dan C di organ ikan hingga hari ke-28 masih di bawah kontrol 104  cfu/mL. Durasi proteksi vaksin S. agalactiae adalah 42 hari pascavaksinasi. Kata kunci: ikan nila, Streptococcus agalactiae, durasi, vaksin, streptococcosis
Pendekatan Integratif Dalam Menghadapi Kecemasan Sosial Pada Mahasiswa [An Integrative Approach to Dealing with Social Anxiety in College Students]
Authors: Priyatna Novel
Published: January 2025

Social anxiety is one of the common problems among college students. They often do not have sufficient knowledge and skills, so they do not know how to respond properly. This article aims to explore further the dynamics of social anxiety problems among college students and try to formulate a way to deal with them. The research method used is literature research. One strategy that can be applied is through a self-modification approach that is integrated with Christian spiritual formation. Concrete and applicable steps are described systematically as a guide in implementing them. However, this effort does not replace our dependence on God's grace in Christ. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Kecemasan sosial (social anxiety) merupakan salah satu masalah yang umum terjadi dikalangan mahasiswa.  Mereka seringkali tidak memiliki bekal pemahaman dan keterampilan yang memadai sehingga tidak tahu bagaimana cara yang tepat dalam meresponinya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menggali lebih jauh dinamika masalah kecemasan sosial dikalangan mahasiswa dan mencoba untuk merumuskan bagaimana cara untuk menghadapinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah riset literatur. Salah satu strategi yang dapat diterapkan adalah melalui pendekatan modifikasi diri yang diintegrasikan dengan formasi rohani Kristiani. Langkah-langkah konkret dan aplikatif dijabarkan secara sistematis sebagai panduan dalam mengimplementasikannya. Namun, usaha ini tidaklah menggantikan kebergantungan kita pada anugerah Allah didalam Kristus.
Pentingnya Tata Tertib Untuk Membentuk Disiplin Belajar Siswa SMP [The Importance of Rules to Form Student Learning Discipline in Junior High School]
Authors: Via Iren , Padang Ariani Tandi
Published: January 2025

The quality of successful learning is determined through the discipline of student to create conducive learning. Learning discipline is characterized by the seriousness of students. In fact, the problem of discipline is a problem that is often encountered in the field. The teacher as class manager greatly influences of student learning discipline, especially in the actions of the teacher in carrying out the classroom rules. The Bible asserts that sin has caused humans to deviate from the path of truth and the teacher has a responsibility to guide students to do what is right. The purpose of paper is to show the importance of code of conduct in shaping the discipline of learning and describing the steps in applying the code of conduct. The results of this literature study state that discipline is important to shape discipline because it becomes a reference for students to be right. The steps that can be applied are adjusting the discipline to the school environment and the students conditions, socializing the code of conduct, applying consistently, and apply consequences for violations. Suggestions for next researchers is to plan the appliaction of discipline with more mature preparation so that student learning discipline is formed.  BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Mutu pembelajaran ditentukan melalui sikap disiplin belajar siswa untuk terciptanya kondisi belajar yang kondusif. Disiplin belajar ditandai dengan keseriusan siswa mengikuti pembelajaran. Faktanya, permasalahan disiplin adalah masalah yang sering ditemui di lapangan. Guru sebagai manajer kelas sangat mempengaruhi terbentuknya disiplin belajar siswa, terkhususnya di dalam tindakan dan ketegasan guru dalam menjalankan tata tertib kelas. Alkitab menegaskan bahwa dosa telah menyebabkan manusia melenceng dari jalan kebenaran dan guru memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menuntun siswa melakukan yang benar melalui pendisiplinan sebagai perwujudan dari kasih. Tujuan penulisan adalah menunjukkan pentingnya tata tertib dalam membentuk disiplin belajar dan memaparkan langkah-langkah penerapan tata tertib untuk membentuk disiplin belajar. Hasil dari kajian literatur ini menyatakan bahwa tata tertib penting untuk membentuk disiplin belajar siswa karena menjadi acuan siswa untuk bersikap benar pada saat pembelajaran. Langkah-langkah yang dapat diterapkan yaitu menyesuaikan tata tertib dengan lingkungan sekolah dan kondisi peserta didik, mensosialisasikan dan menyepakati tata tertib, menerapkan secara konsisten, dan terdapat konsekuensi terhadap pelanggaran. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya yaitu melakukan perencanaan penerapan tata tertib dengan persiapan yang lebih matang agar disiplin belajar siswa terbentuk.
PERAN GURU SEBAGAI PENUNTUN DALAM MEMBENTUK DISIPLIN SISWA [THE ROLE OF THE TEACHER AS A GUIDE IN SHAPING STUDENT DISCIPLINE]
Authors: Manihuruk Sry Cristy , Suwu Selvi Esther
Published: January 2025

The Christian teachers in their role as guides have the responsibility of educating students to be more like Christ. Through this role, God authorizes teachers to carry out disciplinary actions as an effort to shape student discipline. The problem that occurs today is that there are some teachers who carry out discipline with violence that is done to educate or shape behavior. The way teachers carry out discipline is related to the ethics held by the teacher. Violence, of course, is not in accordance with ethics based on the Bible, namely Christian ethics. The purpose of writing this final project is to explain the role of the teacher as a guide in the formation of discipline based on Christian ethics. Every disciplinary action taken, must be accountable before God and done as a loving guidance that leads students to behavioral changes, such as: obeying the rules, respecting teachers, and doing their duties responsibly. By holding Christian ethics, Christian teachers are enabled to be teachers who are obedient to His Word, do the actions desired by Christ and reject behaviors that He is not pleased with. Therefore, teachers who are firm in disciplining students do not have to do so with violence, but can do so with the attributes found in the fruit of the Spirit, namely: love, patience, and forgiveness. Thus, student discipline can be established without causing violence against students.ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Guru Kristen dalam perannya sebagai penuntun memiliki tanggungjawab dalam mendidik siswa untuk semakin serupa dengan Kristus. Melalui perannya, Tuhan memberikan wewenang kepada guru untuk melakukan tindakan disiplin sebagai upaya membentuk disiplin siswa. Masalah yang terjadi saat ini, terdapat beberapa guru yang melakukan disiplin dengan kekerasan yang dilakukan sebagai pendidikan ataupun pembentukan perilaku. Cara guru melakukan disiplin, berkaitan dengan etika yang dipegang oleh guru. Melakukan kekerasan, tentu saja tidak sesuai dengan etika yang berlandaskan Alkitab, yaitu etika Kristen. Tujuan penulisan proyek akhir ini ialah untuk memaparkan peran guru sebagai penuntun dalam pembentukan disiplin berlandaskan etika Kristen. Setiap tindakan disiplin yang dilakukan, harus dipertanggungjawabkan di hadapan Allah dan dilakukan sebagai tuntunan kasih yang membawa siswa kepada perubahan perilaku, seperti: taat terhadap aturan, menghormati guru, dan melakukan tugasnya dengan bertanggungjawab. Dengan memegang etika Kristen, guru Kristen dimampukan untuk menjadi guru yang taat kepada Firman-Nya, melakukan tindakan yang dikehendaki oleh Kristus dan menolak perilaku yang tidak Dia senangi. Oleh sebab itu, guru yang tegas dalam mendisiplinkan siswa tidak harus melakukannya dengan kekerasan, tapi dapat melakukannya dengan sifat yang terdapat dalam buah Roh, yaitu: kasih, kesabaran, dan pengampunan. Dengan demikian, disiplin siswa dapat dibentuk tanpa menimbulkan tindak kekerasan terhadap siswa.
MENGUPAYAKAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN PENERAPAN METODE TANYA JAWAB [PROMOTING STUDENTS' LEARNING ENGAGEMENT WITH THE APPLICATION OF THE QUESTION AND ANSWER METHOD]
Authors: Napitupulu Elisa Hermina , Susanti Asih Enggar
Published: January 2025

Student learning engagement is one of the elements of a successful learning in the classroom. Active students will make learning proceed in accordance with the planning prepared by the teacher. However, the facts found in the field show that some students were still passive during the learning process. Some students were not eager to learn, sleepy, unfocused, and were doing other activities that were not related to learning. One of the efforts to increase this engagement is through the implementation of the question and answer method in the classroom. This paper aims to explain the implementation of the question and answer method that can promote student engagement. The conclusion is that the question and answer method is implemented by following these steps: 1) formulate the purpose of the question and answer. 2) master the learning material. 3) Prepare for possible questions and answers. 4) provide opportunities for students to ask questions. This study found that students were active in doing their learning tasks, dared to ask questions, and were able to engage in problem solving. ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Keaktifan belajar siswa menjadi salah satu unsur keberhasilan pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Siswa aktif akan membuat pembelajaran berjalan sesuai dengan perencanaan yang disusun oleh guru. Namun, fakta yang ditemukan di lapangan menunjukkan sebagian siswa masih pasif selama proses pembelajaran. Beberapa siswa tidak bersemangat dalam belajar, mengantuk, tidak fokus, dan mengerjakan aktivitas lain yang tidak berhubungan dengan pembelajaran. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan keaktifan tersebut, yaitu melalui penerapan metode tanya jawab di dalam kelas. Paper ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang penerapan metode tanya jawab yang dapat mengupayakan keaktifan siswa. Kesimpulan dari penulisan paper ini, yaitu metode tanya jawab yang dilakukan dengan menerapkan langkah: 1) merumuskan tujuan tanya jawab. 2) menguasai materi pembelajaran. 3) mempersiapkan akan kemungkinan pertanyaan dan jawaban. 4) memberikan kesempatan bertanya bagi siswa. Serta (5) guru bertanya kepada siswa, pada dasarnya mampu mengupayakan keaktifan siswa. Penelitian ini menemukan bawah siswa terlihat aktif untuk melakukan tugas belajarnya, berani bertanya, dan mampu terlibat dalam pemecahan masalah.
PERAN INTERMEDIASI BPR MELALUI LAYANAN SIMPAN-PINJAM UNTUK PEMULIHAN UMKM DI ERA NEW NORMAL [THE INTERMEDIARY ROLE OF BPR THROUGH SAVINGS AND LOAN SERVICES FOR UMKM RECOVERY IN THE NEW NORMAL ERA]
Authors: Tarigan Betania Br , Palelonoto Roby , Chrismastianto Imanuel Adhitya Wulanata
Published: January 2025

To promote the economy, people must first be able to fulfill the resources needed to meet their needs. Rural Banks (BPR) are banks that carry out business activities conventionally, which in their activities do not provide services in payment transactions. Since Covid-19, the majority of SMEs have experienced a decrease in turnover, this has occurred due to factors that weaken the economy in society. After the pandemic, SMEs are expected to strengthen the economy. Thus, it is hoped that BPR can play a role in it. This writing uses descriptive qualitative research methods, this research is also supported by primary sources of data through surveys. This research aims to see whether BPR has been able to carry out its role optimally and provide some suggestions regarding things that need to be developed in the future.  MSMEs need support to increase their business productivity so that they can develop, especially in the new normal era after the pandemic. BPR is expected to be able to help financial and economic recovery, especially for MSME entrepreneurs affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The support could be in the form of loans that can be provided by BPRs. With every policy set and service provided, it is hoped that BPR will be able to achieve each of its goals, namely helping the economic welfare of the community while still benefiting the BPR itself.ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Untuk memajukan perekonomian, masyarakat terlebih dahulu harus mampu memenuhi sumber daya yang dibutuhkan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan mereka. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) merupakan bank yang melaksanakan kegiatan usaha secara konvensional yang didalam kegiatannya tidak memberikan jasa dalam lalu lintas pembayaran. Semenjak covid-19 mayoritas pelaku UMKM mengalami penurunan omset,  hal ini terjadi karena adanya faktor melemahnya perekonomian dalam masyarakat. Pasca pandemi para pelaku UKM diharapkan dapat menguatkan perekonomian. Sehingga diharapkan BPR dapat berperan didalamnya. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dalam menulis penelitian ini juga didukung sumber data primer melalui survei. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah BPR sudah mampu melakukan perannya dengan maksimal dan memberikan beberapa saran terkait hal yang perlu dikembangkan kedepannya.  UMKM membutuhkan dukungan guna meningkatkan produktivitas usahanya agar mampu berkembang terlebih di era now normal pasca pandemi. BPR diharapkan mampu membantu pemulihan finansial dan ekonomi khususnya bagi para pelaku UMKM yang terdampak pandemi covid-19. Bantuan tersebut dapat berupa  kredit yang bisa diberikan oleh BPR. Dengan setiap kebijakan yang ditetapkan dan layanan yang diberikan, diharapkan BPR mampu mencapai setiap tujuannya yaitu membantu kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat juga tetap menguntungkan pihak BPR sendiri.
PENERAPAN PERATURAN DAN PROSEDUR KELAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEDISIPLINAN SISWA PADA PELAJARAN SEJARAH DI KELAS X [IMPLEMENTATION OF CLASS RULES AND PROCEDURES TO IMPROVE STUDENT DISCIPLINE IN HISTORY LESSONS IN GRADE X]
Authors: Waluyo Imanuella Grace Priskila Putri , Suwu Selvi Ester
Published: January 2025

The problems that are often found in learning are students' lack of discipline, such as being late in submitting assignments, not paying attention to lessons, not following teacher instructions, being late for class, not maintaining neatness and cleanliness. One way to improve student discipline can be done by implementing class rules and procedures. The research subjects were 48 first year high school students at a school in West Jakarta. The aim of this research is to implement steps to apply class rules and procedures to improve the discipline of class X students in history lessons. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The research results stated that student discipline increased after implementing class rules and procedures with steps that had been adapted to the syntax and needs of students in the class. Thus, implementing class rules and procedures through these steps can improve student discipline. The advice for Christian educators is to be consistent in advising students to obey existing rules and procedures so that learning can run safely and comfortably and God is glorified in the classroom.ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Permasalahan yang kerap ditemukan dalam pembelajaran adalah kurangnya kedisipinan siswa seperti keterlambatan pengumpulan tugas, tidak memperhatikan pelajaran, tidak mengikuti instruksi guru, terlambat masuk kelas, tidak menjaga kerapihan dan kebersihan. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan peraturan dan prosedur kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah 48 siswa SMA tahun pertama pada sebuah sekolah di Jakarta Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengimplementasikan langkah-langkah penerapan peraturan dan prosedur kelas untuk meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa kelas X pada pelajaran Sejarah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kedisiplinan siswa meningkat setelah diterapkan peraturan dan prosedur kelas dengan langkah-langkah yang telah disesuaikan dengan sintaks dan kebutuhan siswa di kelas. Dengan demikian, penerapan peraturan dan prosedur kelas melalui langkah-langkah tersebut dapat meningkatkan kedisiplinan siswa. Saran bagi pendidik Kristen adalah konsisten dalam menasihati siswa untuk taat terhadap peraturan dan prosedur yang ada sehingga pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan aman dan nyaman dan Tuhan dimuliakan di dalam kelas.
R-E-S-U-L-T : SOLUSI INOVATIF TERHADAP SAMPAH ELEKTRONIK DI INDONESIA [AN INNOVATIVE SOLUTION TO ELECTRONIC WASTE IN INDONESIA]
Authors: Nde'o Klara Angellicha , Gulo Ester Juliani , Chrismastianto Imanuel Adhitya Wulanata
Published: January 2025

This study formulates a business plan for Result (Renew Life Eko Technology), a company focused on developing environmentally friendly technologies for e-waste recycling. The plan includes an in-depth analysis of the recycling market in Indonesia, efficient supply chain management strategies, and financial projections for the next five years. The methodology used involved literature searches, industry-related case studies, and consultations with financial planning. The results showed that the company has the potential to be an innovation driver for electronics recycling, with great opportunities for sustainable market growth. The implication of this business plan is that it provides strategic guidance for investors and stakeholders interested in supporting green technology in the face of global challenges related to e-waste.ABSTRAK BAHASA INDONESIA: Studi ini merumuskan rencana bisnis Result (Renew Life Eko Technology), sebuah perusahaan yang berfokus pada pengembangan teknologi ramah lingkungan untuk daur ulang limbah elektronik. Rencana ini mencakup analisis mendalam tentang pasar daur ulang di Indonesia, strategi pengelolaan rantai pasok yang efisien, serta proyeksi keuangan untuk lima tahun ke depan. Metodologi yang digunakan melibatkan penelusuran literatur, studi kasus terkait industri, dan konsultasi dengan perencanaan keuangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan ini memiliki potensi untuk perusahaan penggerak inovasi daur ulang elektronik, dengan peluang besar untuk pertumbuhan pasar yang berkelanjutan. Implikasi dari rencana bisnis ini adalah memberikan panduan strategis bagi investor dan pemangku kepentingan yang tertarik untuk mendukung teknologi ramah lingkungan dalam menghadapi tantangan global terkait limbah elektronik.
Quelques caractéristiques de la germination des graines et de la croissance des plantules de Cedrela odorata L. (Méliacées)
Authors: Corbineau Françoise , Defresne S. , Côme D.
Published: January 2025

Les graines de Cedrela odorata sont fortement déshydratées (6 à 9,5 % d'eau par rapport à la matière sèche). La germination est très facile entre 15 et 35 °C, à l'obscurité et à la lumière blanche, mais elle est la plus rapide à 30 ou 35 °C. Elles meurent après quelques semaines à 5 °C lorsqu'elles sont imbibées. Les premiers stades de la croissance des plantules présentent les mêmes exigences thermiques que la germination des graines. La température de 30 °C est la plus favorable à la croissance de la racine et de l'hypocotyle. En raison de leur importante déshydratation, ces graines peuvent être stockées facilement dans des conditions sèches et tolèrent des températures très basses.
Les nouvelles politiques de foresterie en milieu rural au Sahel. Réglementations foncières et forestières et gestion des ressources ligneuses naturelles dans les pays de la zone soudano-sahélienne
Authors: Bertrand Alain
Published: January 2025

La première partie de cet article traite de la gestion de l'espace et de la réglementation de l'utilisation des terres dans les zones rurales du Sahel.L'auteur passe en revue les droits et pratiques fonciers d'antan, la réglementation foncière héritée de la période coloniale et l'évolution de cette réglementation depuis les indépendances, qui varie d'un pays à l'autre. Les incertitudes qui pèsent actuellement sur cette évolution affectent la solution du problème forestier.L'auteur traite également de l'ancienne politique et réglementation forestière, là aussi dans un contexte historique. L'effet des réglementations forestières sur les populations rurales est plus particulièrement analysé.Enfin, une section importante est consacrée à l'émergence de nouvelles politiques de foresterie en milieu rural. Elles doivent assurer un équilibre entre les plantations et le développement des formations ligneuses naturelles, et les paysans doivent être étroitement associés aux mesures prises.
Équilibre du milieu naturel en Afrique tropicale sèche. Végétation ligneuse et désertification
Authors: Goudet Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2025

Après avoir passé en revue les données de base qui influencent directement les actions forestières, l'auteur précise le rôle des arbres et des formations ligneuses en Afrique tropicale sèche.De l'étude des productions forestières (formations naturelles ou plantations), du rôle de l'arbre dans les systèmes pastoraux ou agraires et dans l'environnement, et de tous les facteurs qui peuvent détruire l'équilibre nécessaire, il ressort les conclusions suivantes :- La « stérilisation » est un terme plus approprié que celui de « désertification ».- Les causes climatiques doivent être distinguées des causes anthropiques.Les mesures forestières à développer doivent tendre à limiter la détérioration des formations ligneuses naturelles ; ces dernières doivent être gérées et développées.Les plantations familiales doivent être encouragées et, dans les systèmes de culture, les efforts doivent être orientés vers l'intensification des jachères arborées.Les mesures forestières doivent être intégrées à tous les autres projets de développement agricole et pastoral.
Réunions internationales. IXème Congrès Forestier Mondial
Authors: Rédacteur de la revue Bois et Forêts des Tropiques
Published: January 2025

Pas de résumé
Research and modeling of wear of driving and rolling wheel sets in the ELF I electric multiple unit
Authors: Rilo Cañás Armando Miguel , Sawczuk Wojciech - , Jüngst Mateusz -
Published: January 2025

The aim of the article is to present the results of research and modelling of wheel set wear on the rolling diameter of the drive and rolling wheels of a multi-unit traction unit. The object of the research was the PESA ELF I electric multiple unit constructed as a five-unit unit based on two end drive bogies and three central rolling bogies. The article presents the results of research on the change in wheel diameter recorded every two months during a periodic inspection over a period of five years of vehicle operation until revision repair. Based on the results of wheel diameter tests, wear was determined, on the basis of which the change in wheel diameter and wear as a function of time and vehicle mileage was modelled. Based on the models, mileages expressed in kilometres were determined for each wheel set with longer vehicle operation. The reason for implementing the subject is the uneven wear of individual wheels in the wheel set of drive and rolling bogies in multi-unit traction units. The vehicle maintenance system documentation requires that after a specified period of time, e.g. 5 years, the vehicle is sent for a revision repair, even if none of the wheel sets has reached the wear limit.
Depuración de mineros en Almadén y Arrayanes en 1939
Authors: Hernández Sobrino Ángel , Almansa Rodríguez Emiliano
Published: January 2025

Los trabajadores de la mina de mercurio de Almadén (Ciudad Real) y de la mina de plomo de Arrayanes en Linares (Jaén) sufrieron un proceso de depuración al finalizar la guerra civil. Ambas minas eran regidas en esa época por el mismo Consejo de Administración, dependiente del Ministerio de Hacienda, y al término de la contienda fueron nombradas dos comisiones de depuración, una para Almadén y otra para Arrayanes, estableciéndose tres niveles de faltas: leves, menos graves y graves. En Almadén, el 54% de 2.550 trabajadores sufrió algún tipo de sanción, mientras en Arrayanes, cuya plantilla ascendía a 640 mineros, el porcentaje de sancionados ascendió al 76%. En la posguerra, el Consejo manejó a su antojo la situación de los depurados, pues mientras en Almadén readmitió a 72 expulsados a fin de aumentar la producción de mercurio, en Arrayanes no realizó ningún esfuerzo porque la mina de plomo era deficitaria.
The PSOE’s Regeneration of International Socialism During the War in Spain
Authors: Lépine Nicolas
Published: January 2025

This article addresses the unknown transnational practices of the leading party of the Republican government during the civil war of 1936-39, the Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE). Abandoned by liberal democracy and its international institutions, the PSOE broke diplomatic isolation by turning to its Labour and Socialist International (LSI) backchannel in an attempt to sway the policies of socialist parties, namely for the abrogation of non-intervention. Through this internationalist commitment, the PSOE revitalized a moribund network subjected to the appeasement and neutralist inclinations of its member sections. By shedding light on the PSOE’s transnational practice with the LSI and its French, Belgian, and British affiliates this article makes a contribution to the Spanish historiography on the internationalization/transnationalization of the conflict, while joining hands with Spanish historians using a more local lens. Moreover, and ultimately, it positions itself in the debate on whether labour history is internationally or nationally rooted.
¿Un tribunal internacional para los crímenes del franquismo?
Authors: Baby Sophie
Published: January 2025

Pocas fueron las iniciativas para juzgar los crímenes del franquismo en los años setenta, ya que la izquierda española había aceptado mayoritariamente la política de reconciliación promovida desde los años cincuenta, renunciando a pedir responsabilidades. Sin embargo, en 1978, el PCE(m-l) impulsó la creación de un Tribunal internacional contra los crímenes del franquismo. Aunque la iniciativa fracasó en la Península, sus actividades se desarrollaron en el exilio, en Francia y Suiza. Basándose en fuentes primarias previamente no consultadas, el artículo analiza las raíces, los actores, los objetivos y el legado del Tribunal, reinsertándolo en el contexto global de las movilizaciones transnacionales en contra de las violaciones de los derechos humanos cometidos por los Estados desde los años sesenta, que dieron lugar a un nuevo tipo de tribunal internacional, el del Tribunal Russell. Así, este artículo pretende contribuir a esclarecer el debate a escala internacional sobre el olvido de las responsabilidades franquistas durante la transición.
"Enseñar los dientes"
Authors: Casanellas Pau
Published: January 2025

El período transcurrido desde la muerte de Franco hasta las elecciones de junio de 1977 es, probablemente, uno de los momentos históricos más transcendentales y, al mismo tiempo, peor comprendidos de la historia española reciente. El presente artículo analiza este contexto a partir de documentación emanada de la cúpula del Ministerio de la Gobernación y, en menor medida, de los servicios secretos. El contenido de estas instrucciones reservadas evidencia las reticencias de los responsables del orden público, tanto durante el Gobierno de Carlos Arias Navarro como durante el de Adolfo Suárez, a cambiar los criterios de actuación en este ámbito que habían prevalecido hasta noviembre de 1975. El proceso de desmantelamiento de la dictadura y la progresiva concesión de derechos que lo acompañó aparecen, en consecuencia, como una conquista de la movilización, y no como el resultado de la voluntad de cambio de las elites gobernantes durante aquellos años.
Stable hexaazatrinaphthylene-based covalent organic framework as high-capacity electrodes for aqueous hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Li Xu , Li Zhenhu , Zhang Yulin , Guo Hanlin , Zou Meiying , Li Haoxiang , Liu Yuping , Liu Shuangyi
Published: January 2025

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have great potential as electrodes for aqueous hybrid supercapacitors (AHCs) owing to their designable structure and resourceful advantages. However, their low capacities and high structure instability in aqueous electrolytes limit the onward practical applications. Here, we have synthesized robust hexaazatrinaphthylene-based COF (HATN-COF) by a simple condensation between cyclohexanehexone and 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene. The π-conjugation skeleton, porous structure, and high-proportioned imine bonds give HATN-COF sufficient electron and ion diffusion pathways for rapid reaction kinetics together with abundant exposed active sites for large capacity. Meanwhile, the formed hydrogen bond networks by ethanol molecules in frameworks improve the acid-base tolerance. As a consequence, HATN-COF delivers an exceptional specific capacity of 367 mAhg-1 at 1 A g-1 (maximum value among reported COF-related electrodes in AHCs), high rate capability with 259.7 mAhg-1 at 20 A g-1, and superior cycle durability with retaining 97.8% of its capacity even after 20,000 cycles. Moreover, the AHC, constructed by HATN-COF as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode, exhibits a large energy density of 67 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 375 W kg-1, accompanied by outstanding cycling stability. The research presents a promising approach for designing high-performance COF electrodes for advanced AHCs.