bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social work field education in Vietnam: Challenges and recommendations for a better model
Authors: Nguyen Hoa Thi , Cohen Edward , Văn Đỗ Toản , Nguyễn Diễm Hương Thùy , Ngô Thanh Mai Thi , Văn Kiều Tu , Thị Kim Dung Lê , Đặng Minh Lý Thị , Le Thuy Thi , Bùi Minh Thanh
Published: June 2020

Given the rapid expansion in social work education, universities in Vietnam are facing tremendous challenges in organizing effective field practicum. This article explores the current field practicum models in Vietnam, its strengths, challenges and recommendations for enhancement. The study utilized a case-study approach in which focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted. The key strengths included diverse and comprehensive content, and enthusiasm and support from field supervisors and instructors. The key challenges were lack of qualified field supervisors, loose collaboration between universities and field agencies, and inadequate student assessment methods. Specific recommendations are presented that fit the contexts of Vietnam.
Incentive-based Social Welfare Administration in Indonesia: Implications for sustainable development in women’s and children’s protection
Authors: McLaren Helen Jaqueline , Qonitah Nismah , Widianingsih Ida
Published: June 2020

This article brings together two discrete studies of Indonesian welfare innovations, the conditional cash transfer and the deinstitutionalisation of children, both delivered at the lowest administrative level by social workers. Patterns across the two studies indicated a confounding variable influential in social workers’ innovation implementation and administrative decisions. This variable, incentive-based remuneration, was inhibiting implementation and potentially sustaining the social inequalities and rights violations that each innovation proposed to address. Social workers’ over-reliance on remuneration incentives has inherent problems. Increases to base-rates of pay and realignment of incentivisation in development are needed to support change.
Qualitative comparison of non-destructive methods for inspection of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminates
Authors: Rus Janez , Gustschin Alex , Mooshofer Hubert , Grager Jan-Carl , Bente Klaas , Gaal Mate , Pfeiffer Franz , Grosse Christian U.
Published: June 2020

In the rapidly expanding composite industry, novel inspection methods have been developed in recent years. Particularly promising for air-coupled testing are cellular polypropylene transducers which offer better impedance matching to air than piezoelectric transducers. Furthermore, broadband transmitters (laser-induced ultrasound and thermoacoustic emitters) and receivers (optical microphones) have opened a completely new chapter for advanced contact-free ultrasound inspection. X-ray dark-field radiography offers a different approach to detect porosity and microcracks, employing small angle X-ray scattering. These innovative ultrasonic and radiographic alternatives were evaluated in comparison with well-established inspection techniques. We applied thirteen different non-destructive methods to inspect the same specimen (a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminate with induced impact damage): air-coupled ultrasound testing (using piezoelectric transducers, broadband optical microphones, cellular polypropylene transducers, and a thermoacoustic emitter), laser-induced ultrasound testing, ultrasonic immersion testing, phased array ultrasonic testing, optically excited lock-in thermography, and X-ray radiography (projectional absorption and dark-field, tomosynthesis, and micro-computed tomography). The inspection methods were qualitatively characterized by comparing the scan results. The conclusions are advantageous for a decision on the optimal method for certain testing constraints.
Technical experience and postoperative complications with repeat transperitoneal approach to the lumbar spine in female Lewis rats
Authors: Gandhi Sapan , Newton Michael , Salisbury Meagan , Baker Kevin
Published: June 2020

Rat models of lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration are widely employed to characterize biologic-based therapeutics, but their anatomy and small size preclude consistent delivery of injectable therapeutics to the lumbar spine via the traditional posterolateral approach. Here, we describe our experience with a repeat ventral transperitoneal approach in female Lewis rats, enabling induction of IVD degeneration and later intervention via an injectable therapeutic. In the initial surgery, the ventral aspect of the L5/L6 IVD was accessed, and an annular defect was created using a #11 scalpel blade. Eight weeks after the initial surgery, follow-up surgery was performed via the same approach, and an injectable gelatin hydrogel was delivered using a 31G needle. A custom injection guard was developed to control injection depth, ensuring consistent delivery to the nucleus pulposus. Notable challenges associated with repeat surgery were increased tissue adhesion, intraoperative bleeding, and difficulty placing the injection guard due to mobile gastrointestinal tissues. Complication rates were 9.4% and 15.6% for the initial and repeat surgeries, respectively. The most frequent complications associated with repeat surgery were transient neuropraxia and significant intraoperative bleeding (6.3% each). The repeat transperitoneal approach is a reproducible method to facilitate both injury and later intervention in a female rat model of lumbar IVD degeneration.
Simple process for separation and recycling of nylon 6 and polyurethane components from waste nylon 6/polyurethane debris
Authors: Gong Caihong , Zhang Kaihui , Yang Ce , Chen Juan , Zhang Shen , Yi Chunwang
Published: June 2020

The nylon 6 (PA6)/polyurethane (PU) debris produced during the sanding process would result in a serious resource waste and environmental hazard if disposed of inappropriately. Therefore, this study proposed a simple process for separating and recycling PA6 and PU components of PA6/PU debris. Results revealed that the instantaneous dissolution of PU in N,N-dimethylformamide was independent of temperature and time but related to the quantity of the solvent. Further investigation showed that 43.2% of waste PA6/PU debris was dissolved at room temperature, with pulp density of 10% and within 10 minutes, indicating that PA6 and PU could be quickly separated from the waste PA6/PU debris. In addition, proton nuclear magnetic resonance indicated that the dissolved PU could be recovered by selective precipitation-stripping using an equal amount of deionized water. Moreover, the chemical structure analysis disclosed that the PU in PA6/PU debris should be polyether PU synthesized by reacting with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and polyether polyols. Besides, the stable chemical structure and thermal properties of separated samples observed from differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry results confirmed that the recycling products could be reused as recycled plastic materials.
Investigation of wind shear coefficients and their effect on annual energy yields along the coastal sites of Pakistan
Authors: Sumair Muhammad , Aized Tauseef , Gardezi Syed Asad Raza , Rehman Syed Muhammad Sohail , ur Rehman Syed Ubaid
Published: June 2020

Ten-year hourly recorded wind meteorological data at six sites along the coastline of Pakistan at two heights (10 and 50 m) were extrapolated to two higher heights (80 and 100 m). Monthly and seasonal analysis of variation in air density (ρ), wind speed, Weibull parameters ( K and C), wind power density, and wind energy density with height was investigated. Analysis shows that wind shear coefficient is highest in winter and lowest in summer. ρ, wind speed, wind power density, and wind energy density all increase with increasing hub height, with the most prominent increment in winter and the lowest in summer. With increasing height, K has been found to decrease slightly while C increases. Techno-economic feasibility analysis of annual energy production using 15 turbines was carried out which shows that capacity factor alone cannot render a turbine feasible but also economic assessment is mandatory to evaluate the feasibility of turbines. G1 and G2 turbines have been found the best options while B5 and V2 as the worst. Comparison among sites shows that Karachi is the most potential site with cost of energy of $0.017/kW h while Jiwani is the worst site with cost of energy of $0.039/kW h both at 100 m height.
The Girl Scout Movement in Schools for the Blind
Authors: Burlingham Grace S.
Published: June 2020

Milton, the blind, who looked on Paradise! Beethoven, deaf, who heard vast harmonies! Byron, the lame, who climbed towards Alpine skies!

Who pleads a handicap, remembering them?

—V. A. Storey

If we want civilization to march forward it will march not only on the feet of healthy children, but beside them, shoulder to shoulder, must go those others—those children we have called handicapped—the lame ones, the blind, … All these children are ready to be enlisted in this moving army, ready to make their contribution to human progress; to bring what they have of intelligence, of capacity, of spiritual beauty.—From “The Handicapped Child,” one of the reports of the White House Conference on Child Health and Protection.
Otogenic Pneumocephalus After Tegmen Bone Reconstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Khurayzi Tawfiq , Jan Bayan , Bedaiwi Reenad , Ajlan Abdulrazag , Elwatidy Sherif , Alhabib Salman , Alsanosi Abdurrhaman
Published: June 2020

Pneumocephalus is usually induced by trauma, infections, tumors of the skull base, and surgical interventions. Spontaneous pneumocephalus occurs due to a defect in the temporal bone with no obvious cause. Few cases have been reported with spontaneous otogenic pneumocephalus. However, delayed postoperative pneumocephalus is rarely reported in the literature. Here, we present a case of otogenic pneumocephalus through Eustachian tube (ET) preceded by nose blowing 10 days after surgical treatment of meningoencephalocele of the right middle ear (ME) cleft and reconstruction of tegmen and dural defects. Pneumocephalus was provoked by decreased intracranial pressure (ICP) secondary to placement of lumbar drain, which caused direct communication between unsutured dural defect and the defective posterior wall of external auditory canal skin. A revision surgery of combined transmastoid/middle cranial fossa approach was performed for intracranial decompression followed by appropriate closure by suturing the dura, obliterating the ET and ME.
Maternal Expectations Among Pregnant Women from Single, Lesbian, and Heterosexual Parented families
Authors: Kahalon Rotem , Preis Heidi , Shilo Guy , Benyamini Yael
Published: June 2020

Little is known about the psychological processes of pregnant women in different family structures. Aiming to fill this gap, the present study examined the prenatal maternal expectations (common cultural beliefs about what women can expect during the transition to motherhood) of women from lesbian ( n = 51), single ( n = 57), and heterosexual ( n = 893) parented families. The results suggest that maternal expectations differ by family structure. While single women reported relatively high levels of natural-fulfillment maternal expectations, women from lesbian parented families reported relatively low levels of these expectations. Single women reported the highest levels of sacrifice (a belief that parenting requires significant sacrifices from the self) and infant-reflects-mothering maternal expectations (a belief that the infant’s behavior reflects one’s maternal skills). These differences may reflect the different social pressures and personal challenges each group encounters in the process of deciding to become a mother and implementing the decision.
Migration for Work: Brazilian Futsal Players’ Labor Conditions and Disposition for Mobility
Authors: Marques Renato Francisco Rodrigues , Júnior Wanderley Marchi
Published: June 2020

Migration is a crucial topic for athletic career development. Despite the challenges and issues that sport migrants face, little is known about Brazilian context. On Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological approach, this study aims to analyze the Brazilian men elite futsal players’ job conditions and their influence on athletes’ dispositions for labor sport migration. On quali–quantitative approach, interviews with 28 Brazilian men elite futsal players were thematically analyzed and quantitative data on clubs’ rosters from the Brazilian National Futsal League were collected. We concluded the following aspects: (a) players’ migrant disposition is a consequence of unfavorable labor conditions; (b) remaining in the same city for long period is a privilege; (c) players and relatives are submitted to constant habitus transformation because of repeated mobility and adaptations to different networks in each new city/club.
Paddling Through Bluespaces: Understanding Waka Ama as a Post-Sport Through Indigenous Māori Perspectives
Authors: Liu Lucen
Published: June 2020

In this article, I review and revive the concept of post-sport in the intersecting contexts of oceanic bluespace and Māori waka ama [outrigger canoe] paddling. In doing so, I seek to achieve two objectives: first, to enrich understanding of the human–nature interaction in bluespaces and, second, to contribute to an indigenous reading of post-sport experiences. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data from waka ama paddling in oceanic bluespaces, I identify two instances where sets of boundaries common in sport studies—the boundaries between human and nature, and between sport and physical culture—are challenged and transgressed. Furthermore, I reflect on the limitation of applying post-sport in this study and propose a potentially new perspective to conceptualize post-sport for future research.
Characteristics and Frequency of Children With Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Elective Polysomnography
Authors: Bains Ashank , Abraham Elizabeth , Hsieh Adam , Rubin Batsheva R. , Levi Jessica R. , Cohen Michael B.
Published: June 2020

Objective

To determine the prevalence and demographics features of pediatric patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who would not undergo preoperative polysomnography (PSG) under current American Academy of Otolaryngology (AAO) guidelines.

Study Design

In this retrospective cohort study, we identified patients from the electronic medical record who underwent elective polysomnography for evaluation of sleep‐disordered breathing between 2012 and 2018.

Setting

Urban tertiary safety net hospital.

Subjects and Methods

A total of 456 patients with a mean (SD) age of 5.7 (3.2) years (263 male, 193 female). Demographic factors (age, sex, race, language, insurance status) and clinical findings (symptom severity, tonsil size) were recorded. The data were analyzed by univariate analysis.

Results

Of 456 patients identified, 66 (14.5%) were found to have severe OSA. African American patients had 3.7 times the odds of severe OSA compared to white patients (95% CI, 1.2‐10.8). Patients aged 2 to 3 years had 2.2 times the odds of severe OSA compared to patients aged 4 to 6 years (95% CI, 1.2‐4.0). Sex, ethnicity, language, and insurance type were not significantly associated with severity of OSA. The presence of apneic episodes and tonsil size were not found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion

Up to 14.5% of healthy pediatric patients with sleep‐disordered breathing may have severe OSA; young age and African American race are statistically significant predictors. Clinical findings, such as tonsil size and symptom severity, were not found to be statistically significant predictors.
Ulrich Beck: E-Special Introduction
Authors: Mythen Gabe
Published: June 2020

This e-special issue of Theory, Culture & Society showcases work published in the journal by and about the late German sociologist Ulrich Beck (1944–2015). Beck became known as a pioneering and inventive thinker, continuously engaged in a quest to capture the essence of the modern age, whilst simultaneously wrestling with the upcoming horizons of the future. During his career, he was responsible for developing some of the defining sociological concepts of the late 20th and early 21st century, including risk, reflexive modernization, individualization and cosmopolitanism. He published many articles in Theory, Culture & Society, inspiring acolytes to mobilize his ideas and provoking critics to dispute them. Complementing articles written by Beck, this collection also includes critical commentaries, applications of his work, a selection of interviews and several reflective pieces which consider his legacy. The key aspiration of this special issue is to encourage contemplation on both the richness and the range of Ulrich Beck’s academic contribution. The contents stimulate reflection on the intricacies of Beck’s method of inquiry and flag up ways in which his work can influence the future trajectory of social theory.
Effects of a high-intensity psychosocial intervention among child–parent units in pediatric oncology
Authors: Zucchetti Giulia , Ambrogio Giorgia , Bertolotti Marina , Besenzon Luigi , Borghino Fabio , Candela Filippo , Galletto Chiara , Fagioli Franca
Published: June 2020

Aim:

To compare the efficacy of a high-intensity psychosocial intervention with standardized usual care in countering psychosocial complexity among child–parent units in a pediatric oncology setting.

Methods:

Two hundred pediatric oncology patients and their parents were recruited from Italian hospitals. A total of 81 child–parent units were assigned to the high-intensity psychosocial intervention and 119 child–parent units to standardized usual care. Psychosocial factors were assessed before and 1 year after intervention to measure efficacy.

Results:

More improvements over time were observed in the high-intensity intervention group of child–parent units compared to the standard intervention group.

Conclusion:

An intensive, structured, and tailored high-intensity intervention positively affects the psychosocial factors of child–parent units. Patients and families should have access to intensive psychosocial support throughout the cancer trajectory.
Alterations in Intestinal Innate Mucosal Immunity of Weaned Pigs During Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection
Authors: Chen Ya-Mei , Helm Emma T. , Gabler Nicholas , Hostetter Jesse M. , Burrough Eric R.
Published: June 2020

In the small intestine, localized innate mucosal immunity is critical for intestinal homeostasis. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection induces villus injury and impairs digestive function. Moreover, the infection might comprise localized innate mucosal immunity. This study investigated specific enterocyte subtypes and innate immune components of weaned pigs during PEDV infection. Four-week-old pigs were orally inoculated with PEDV IN19338 strain (n = 40) or sham-inoculated (n = 24). At day post inoculation (DPI) 2, 4, and 6, lysozyme expression in Paneth cells, cellular density of villous and Peyer’s patch microfold (M) cells, and the expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) were assessed in the jejunum and ileum by immunohistochemistry, and interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured in the jejunum by ELISA. PEDV infection led to a decrease in the ratios of villus height to crypt depth (VH–CD) in jejunum at DPI 2, 4, and 6 and in ileum at DPI 4. The number of villous M cells was reduced in jejunum at DPI 4 and 6 and in ileum at DPI 6, while the number of Peyer’s patch M cells in ileum increased at DPI 2 and then decreased at DPI 6. PEDV-infected pigs also had reduced lysozyme expression in ileal Paneth cells at DPI 2 and increased ileal pIgR expression at DPI 4. There were no significant changes in IL-1β and TNF-α expression in PEDV-infected pigs compared to controls. In conclusion, PEDV infection affected innate mucosal immunity of weaned pigs through alterations in Paneth cells, villous and Peyer’s patch M cells, and pIgR expression.
Environmental Conservation or the Treadmill of Law: A Case Study of the Post-2014 Husbandry Waste Regulations in China
Authors: Mao KuoRay , Jin Shuqin , Hu Yu , Weeks Nefratiri , Ye Liangjun
Published: June 2020

As industrialized animal agriculture expanded rapidly in the last decade, the resultant pollution has generated widespread despoliation of natural resources and environmental victimization in rural China. This study examines the formulation and implementation of national environmental regulations from 2014 to 2019 and finds that the juxtaposing ministerial and provincial jurisdictions resulted in conflicting interpretations of the scale and evaluation criteria of the national policy. We argue that the regulations are more than centralized conservation programs designed to reduce environmental pollution caused by the expansion of animal husbandry. Instead, these regulations are fundamentally state-led rural development initiatives that utilize the designations of ecological protection zones to reconfigure land use and promote scale-up production in agricultural structural adjustment initiatives. The enforcement of these environmental regulations, therefore, constitutes a treadmill of law (ToL) that accelerated the geographical specialization and function intensification of the Chinese husbandry sector.
The grid of indefinite incarceration: Everyday legality and paperwork warfare in Indian-controlled Kashmir
Authors: Ghosh Shrimoyee Nandini , Duschinski Haley
Published: June 2020

This article analyzes the everyday legality of the preventive detention regime in Kashmir as a means of waging war against political dissidents. We follow the circulation of detainees and their files across multiple legal venues and regimes to show how the counterinsurgency state reinscribes spectacular and terrifying forms of violence through modalities of banal paperwork and iterative performances of the rule of law. Drawing on ethnographic and textual interpretation of legal documents, including police dossiers, detention orders, and police complaints, we argue that the permanent emergency in Kashmir operates through an everyday hyperlegality of indefinite incarceration that intermingles the systems, techniques, and jurisdictions of colonial policing, bureaucratic paperwork, and military warfare. Further, we demonstrate how this grid of indefinite detention manifests through a temporality of deferral and delay that comes to characterize everyday life for its subjects.
Analyzing Characteristics of the Unreliable Segments of the National Highway System across South Eastern States of the United States
Authors: Siddiqui Chowdhury
Published: June 2020

The latest transportation law in the United States continues to put emphasis on a performance management approach similar to the previous one. Since the transportation performance management rules were made in 2017, limited work has been done to understand the travel time reliability on the national highway system (NHS) and the factors influencing it. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the characteristics of the unreliable segments of the NHS in 13 south eastern states. It was observed that there was a higher percentage of unreliable segments in the non-Interstate NHS (about 34%) than in the Interstate system (about 13% of segments were unreliable). Analyses of the unreliability of the Interstate and non-Interstate NHS were conducted separately to understand each of them better. To capture the influence of the attributes on the reliability of the NHS segments, multivariate binary logistic models were developed. The results from the models suggest that the reference traffic message channels (TMCs), which were characterized by being in urban areas with shorter length (≤0.25 mi) and ≤10% trucks in the traffic stream, generally have a higher chance of being unreliable than those that are not in the reference category. Interstate TMCs on bridges, tunnels, or causeways, and those with directional traffic volume greater than 30,000, have higher chances of being unreliable than the reference category. The chances of internal TMCs (between decision points) in the non-Interstate NHS being unreliable were about 14% higher than the mean chance of the reference TMCs.
Zoledronic Acid Substantially Improves Bone Microarchitecture and Biomechanical Properties After Rotator Cuff Repair in a Rodent Chronic Defect Model
Authors: Schanda Jakob E. , Keibl Claudia , Heimel Patrick , Monforte Xavier , Tangl Stefan , Feichtinger Xaver , Teuschl Andreas H. , Baierl Andreas , Muschitz Christian , Redl Heinz , Fialka Christian , Mittermayr Rainer
Published: June 2020

Background:

Bone mineral density at the humeral head is reduced in patients with chronic rotator cuff tears. Bone loss in the humeral head is associated with repair failure after rotator cuff reconstruction. Bisphosphonates (eg, zoledronic acid) increase bone mineral density.

Hypothesis:

Zoledronic acid improves bone mineral density of the humeral head and biomechanical properties of the enthesis after reconstruction of chronic rotator cuff tears in rats.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral (left) supraspinatus tenotomy with delayed transosseous rotator cuff reconstruction after 3 weeks. All rats were sacrificed 8 weeks after rotator cuff repair. Animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. At 1 day after rotator cuff reconstruction, the intervention group was treated with a single subcutaneous dose of zoledronic acid at 100 µg/kg bodyweight, and the control group received 1 mL of subcutaneous saline solution. In 12 animals of each group, micro–computed tomography scans of both shoulders were performed as well as biomechanical testing of the supraspinatus enthesis of both sides. In 4 animals of each group, histological analyses were conducted.

Results:

In the intervention group, bone volume fraction (bone volume/total volume [BV/TV]) of the operated side was higher at the lateral humeral head ( P = .005) and the medial humeral head ( P = .010) compared with the control group. Trabecular number on the operated side was higher at the lateral humeral head ( P = .004) and the medial humeral head ( P = .001) in the intervention group. Maximum load to failure rates on the operated side were higher in the intervention group ( P < .001). Cortical thickness positively correlated with higher maximum load to failure rates in the intervention group ( r = 0.69; P = .026). Histological assessment revealed increased bone formation in the intervention group.

Conclusion:

Single-dose therapy of zoledronic acid provided an improvement of bone microarchitecture at the humeral head as well as an increase of maximum load to failure rates after transosseous reconstruction of chronic rotator cuff lesions in rats.

Clinical Relevance:

Zoledronic acid improves bone microarchitecture as well as biomechanical properties after reconstruction of chronic rotator cuff tears in rodents. These results need to be verified in clinical investigations.
Why do Spanish fathers still make little use of the family-friendly measures?
Authors: Fernández-Cornejo José Andrés , Del Pozo-García Eva , Escot Lorenzo , Belope-Nguema Sabina
Published: June 2020

This article examines why Spanish fathers still make little use of the family-friendly measures (FFM) they are entitled to. Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach is applied to the analysis of this agency gap in work-family balance (WFB). Males wishing to balance work and family face a series of barriers that inhibit their use of FFM, creating a gap between the theoretical right to use these measures and the real ability to do so. We illustrate this broader issue with qualitative information collected from a Spanish sample (59 semi-structured interviews with 43 salaried fathers, 6 salaried mothers and 10 human resources (HR) managers). Three types of factors (conversion factors) that enhance/limit the capabilities of fathers to use reconciliation measures were considered: individual factors, policy and societal factors, and factors related to the organizational culture of workplaces.
Students’ Enrollments in Urban and Regional Planning Programs and Crossroad to Career in Planning in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Osiyi David S. , Jiburum Uloma
Published: June 2020

This study investigated students’ enrollments in Urban and Regional Planning (URP) programs in Nigerian universities. It also explored factors that influenced decisions about URP education. A total of 550 students from nine universities selected across the country participated in the survey. The research revealed that only 46 percent of students applied to study URP. It identified skills acquisition, interest, and career specialization as key factors that influenced students’ choices. Ignorance was identified as a major restraint for the choice of URP. The dominant factor that differentiated between students who chose URP and those that did not was the time of awareness.
Integrating Theology and Social Science to Uncover How Childhood Experiences Contribute to Christian Commitment in Young Adulthood
Authors: Davis Stacey J.
Published: June 2020

Christian educators seek to understand how each life stage influences the next. Social science has found that the childhood years are filled with experiences that contribute to spirituality in young adulthood. This article seeks to understand these possible experiences by examining the biblical and theological aspects of childhood religious education and then integrating them with social science. Conclusions reveal three findings in regards to the connection between childhood experiences and young adult spiritualty: (1) understanding God’s larger narrative, (2) enhancing Christian identity, and (3) developing godly character.
Circadian Potency Spectrum with Extended Exposure to Polychromatic White LED Light under Workplace Conditions
Authors: Moore-Ede Martin , Heitmann Anneke , Guttkuhn Rainer
Published: June 2020

Electric light has enabled humans to conquer the night, but light exposure at night can disrupt the circadian timing system and is associated with a diverse range of health disorders. To provide adequate lighting for visual tasks without disrupting the human circadian timing system, a precise definition of circadian spectral sensitivity is required. Prior attempts to define the circadian spectral sensitivity curve have used short (≤90-min) monochromatic light exposures in dark-adapted human subjects or in vitro dark-adapted isolated retina or melanopsin. Several lines of evidence suggest that these dark-adapted circadian spectral sensitivity curves, in addition to 430- to 499-nm (blue) wavelength sensitivity, may include transient 400- to 429-nm (violet) and 500- to 560-nm (green) components mediated by cone- and rod-originated extrinsic inputs to intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which decay over the first 2 h of extended light exposure. To test the hypothesis that the human circadian spectral sensitivity in light-adapted conditions may have a narrower, predominantly blue, sensitivity, we used 12-h continuous exposures of light-adapted healthy human subjects to 6 polychromatic white light-emitting diode (LED) light sources with diverse spectral power distributions at recommended workplace levels of illumination (540 lux) to determine their effect on the area under curve of the overnight (2000–0800 h) salivary melatonin. We derived a narrow steady-state human Circadian Potency spectral sensitivity curve with a peak at 477 nm and a full-width half-maximum of 438 to 493 nm. This light-adapted Circadian Potency spectral sensitivity permits the development of spectrally engineered LED light sources to minimize circadian disruption and address the health risks of light exposure at night in our 24/7 society, by alternating between daytime circadian stimulatory white light spectra and nocturnal circadian protective white light spectra.
Résultats d’une méta-analyse sur la valeur perçue de magasinage
Authors: Babin Barry J , Krey Nina
Published: June 2020

La valeur reste un concept très étudié en marketing, notamment selon l’approche de la valeur perçue de magasinage de Babin et al., qui est l’un des outils les plus utilisés pour évaluer la valeur sous ses différentes formes. Bien que les réflexions sur le concept de valeur perçue ne cessent de s’approfondir, des questions subsistent. Par une approche méta-analytique, cette note de recherche a pour objectif d’offrir un éclairage supplémentaire sur l’interaction entre valeur utilitaire et valeur hédonique. Les résultats confirment un lien positif entre valeur utilitaire et valeur hédonique, remettant ainsi en question l’hypothèse selon laquelle ces deux dimensions se situeraient aux extrémités d’un même spectre de valeurs. Par ailleurs, par une méta-régression, nous explorons les variables qui pourraient expliquer l’hétérogénéité des résultats que nous constatons dans la littérature. Le mode d’enquête est une variable modératrice : les relations sont plus fortes pour des enquêtes on-line que pour des enquêtes off-line. En outre, nous confirmons l’existence de liens positifs entre les valeurs utilitaire et hédonique, d’une part, et la satisfaction client, d’autre part. Les résultats mettent enfin en évidence une hétérogénéité importante dans les études existantes, ce qui souligne la nécessité de poursuivre les recherches consacrées à la valeur perçue, de manière à pouvoir proposer aux managers des recommandations plus pertinentes.
Sex Offenses Perpetrated Against Older Adults: A Multivariate Analysis of Crime Scene Behaviors
Authors: Almond Louise , Sainsbury Martha , McManus Michelle
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to thematically explore the relationship between crime scene behaviors and background characteristics of offenders who commit sexual offenses against female victims aged 60 years or more. Research and understanding of offense behaviors in this area is extremely limited; therefore, the study sought to provide a preliminary understanding and multivariate model of offense behaviors in cases where older female adults were sexually abused. Twenty-seven crime scene behaviors from 143 rape or attempted rape cases of an older adult victim were analyzed; frequency data were computed to provide base rate information, and Smallest Space Analysis provided a visual representation of the co-occurrence of crime scene behaviors. Three distinct dominant themes were identified, in which 56% of offenses displayed themes of Involvement (22%), Control (17%), and Hostility (16%). The relationship between each dominant theme and selected background characteristics was then analyzed. For example, offenders displaying an Involvement theme were found to be significantly less likely to have prior convictions. Significance was also found in the relationship between dominant themes and a “theft and kindred offence other” preconviction background characteristic. The findings demonstrate offending behavior can be separated into three distinct themes, providing an explanation of offender subtypes and supporting previous models found in other types of sexual offending. Applications for law enforcement agencies regarding identified themes and links with likely offender background characteristics are highlighted. Limitations and future research avenues are discussed.
Being There: The Development of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, the Innocenti Declaration and the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative
Authors: Kyenkya Margaret Isabirye , Marinelli Kathleen A.
Published: June 2020

Margaret Isabirye Kyenkya (photo) grew up in Uganda with five bothers and six sisters. Her Bachelor of Arts was in Social Work and Social Administration (Makerere University, Uganda), and was followed by a Masters in Sociology, (Nairobi University), and a Certificate in Mother and Child Health (International Child Health Institute, London). Her PhD focused on Hospital Administration inspired by the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. She has worked as a researcher, the founder of Non-Governmental Organizations, a Senior United Nations Officer (New York Headquarters and several regions), a Manager in the United States Agency for International Development-funded National Health and Nutrition Projects, and a governmental Health and Nutrition Adviser. A certified trainer in a number of health and nutrition areas, a breastfeeding counselor, and a retired La Leche League Leader, Dr. Kyenkya has significantly influenced the course of lactation support and promotion globally. She stated, “My most precious and valued occupation is that of a mother [of five] and grandmother [of eight].” Dr. Kyenkya currently lives in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States. (This interview was conducted in-person and transcribed verbatim. It has been edited for ease of readability. MK refers to Margaret Kyenkya; KM refers to Kathleen Marinelli.)
Sex Differences in Perceptions toward Falls among Older Adults Living in the Community in Singapore
Authors: Tay Peter Kay Chai , Chan Angelique , Tan Pey June , Wong Chek Hooi
Published: June 2020

Fall prevention strategies informed by understanding sex differences in the perception of falls may be fruitful. Objectives: In the current research, we examined the consequence of having a recent fall episode on sex differences in fall perception based on the postulation that having a recent fall can lead to perceived susceptibility and attenuate male stereotypic perceptions toward falls. Methods and Results: Examining 549 older adults (337 women) living in the community, men reported higher falls efficacy, less negative perception related to the effect of a fall, and lower tendency to restrict activities to prevent falls. These sex differences were observed only among those who did not have a recent fall episode, and no significant sex differences were observed among those who fell. Discussion: The findings suggest that a recent fall episode may underlie sex differences in falls perception. The implications of sex differences in perceptions in falls for healthcare delivery and outcomes are discussed.
Gas turbine efficiency and ramp rate improvement through compressed air injection
Authors: Abudu Kamal , Igie Uyioghosa , Minervino Orlando , Hamilton Richard
Published: June 2020

With the transition to more use of renewable forms of energy in Europe, grid instability that is linked to the intermittency in power generation is a concern, and thus, the fast response of on-demand power systems like gas turbines has become more important. This study focuses on the injection of compressed air to facilitate the improvement in the ramp-up rate of a heavy-duty gas turbine. The steady-state analysis of compressed airflow injection at part-load and full load indicates power augmentation of up to 25%, without infringing on the surge margin. The surge margin is also seen to be more limiting at part-load with maximum closing of the variable inlet guide vane than at high load with a maximum opening. Nevertheless, the percentage increase in the thermal efficiency of the former is slightly greater for the same amount of airflow injection. Part-load operations above 75% of power show higher thermal efficiencies with airflow injection when compared with other load variation approaches. The quasi-dynamic simulations performed using constant mass flow method show that the heavy-duty gas turbine ramp-up rate can be improved by 10% on average, for every 2% of compressor outlet airflow injected during ramp-up irrespective of the starting load. It also shows that the limitation of the ramp-up rate improvement is dominated by the rear stages and at lower variable inlet guide vane openings. The turbine entry temperature is found to be another restrictive factor at a high injection rate of up to 10%. However, the 2% injection rate is shown to be the safest, also offering considerable performance enhancements. It was also found that the ramp-up rate with air injection from the minimum environmental load to full load amounted to lower total fuel consumption than the design case.
Energy, economic, and environmental analysis of 10-MW biomass gasification based power generation in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Malek ABM , Hasanuzzaman M , Rahim Nasrudin A , Al–Turki Yusuf A
Published: June 2020

Biomass gasification based power plants can play an important role in power sector in Malaysia with her abundant agricultural and forest resources. In this research energy and economic feasibility, and environmental impact of biomass gasification power plant has been analyzed and assessed for sustainable power generation in Malaysia, the plant being a clean development mechanism supported project. Gasification based power generation with a dual fuel internal combustion engine is found more biomass combustion power plant. But, the annual fuel cost is significantly higher with gasification plant claiming MYR 10 million/y for a generation of 67,500 MWh. The net present value, internal rate of return, and PBP for a 10-MW gasification based dual fuel internal combustion engine power plant without loan financing using empty fruit bunch pellet as biomass; with CER issued at USD16/tCO2; and without loan financing provides net present value, internal rate of return, and PBP of MYR 19.68 million, 11.90%, and 6.05 y, respectively. With a loan financing at 3% per year with CER still be effective the net present value, internal rate of return, and PBP is estimated to be MYR 7.03 million, 3.97%, and 11.78 y, respectively. However, if a 60:40 debt equity is applied then the project net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period seen to improve slightly. The net present value attains a positive value of MYR 3.6 million. Internal rate of return and PBP values are found to be 7.08% and 8.27 y, respectively. The emission reduction achieved with the plant is 17,863 t CO2/y, 206 t SO2/y, 90 t NOx/y, and 10.37 t CO/y, respectively. Energy efficiency and tariff policy have been found to have highest impact on economic profitability of gasification based power generation units.
Women’s everyday resistance to intimate partner violence
Authors: Black Alice , Hodgetts Darrin , King Pita
Published: June 2020

Aotearoa/New Zealand’s rate of reported intimate partner violence (IPV) is among the highest in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In this article, we step behind the statistical trends to document the ways in which violence manifests in women’s everyday lives and the subtle, imperfect ways in which they respond through the development of various resistive tactics. We explore how these women navigate their daily lives with violence, paying particular attention to moments of adaptation, agency and resistance. With the help of Te Whakakruruhau (Māori Women’s Refuge), we conducted semi-structured discussions with eight women (four staff members and four former clients) who revealed how deeply enmeshed IPV can become within the conduct of everyday life. This necessitates their development of tactics for surviving the danger associated with mundane practices, such as grocery shopping, sleeping and doing the dishes. In responding to everyday violence, the women in our study create moments of routine and radical freedom in the midst of the chaos that comes with IPV.
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus: factors related to cutaneous activity and damage in a cohort of 260 patients from A Coruña, Spain
Authors: Arévalo-Bermúdez María del Pilar , Paradela Sabela , Balboa-Barreiro Vanesa , Fonseca Eduardo
Published: June 2020

Background

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease that can leave important sequelae.

Objective

To determine the factors that predict the activity and damage of the skin disease, and the impact of tobacco on the efficacy of antimalarials using the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index.

Materials and Methods

A consecutive case series was performed on 260 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (α = 0.05; precision ± 6.5%). We carried out a descriptive analysis of the variables included, with a multivariate analysis to measure the association of variables with the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index activity and damage ( p value < 0.05).

Results

The Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index activity was greater in smokers than non-smokers (4.0 ±5.3 vs 1.2 ±3.4, p = 0.006). No significant differences were observed in the Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index activity when the efficacy of antimalarials was analyzed between smokers and non-smokers. Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index damage was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (2.0 ± 3.6 vs 1.2 ± 2.6, p = 0.029). Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index activity was associated with: (a) being an active smoker (odds ratio 3.04, 95% confidence interval 1.68–5.51, p < 0.001; regression coefficient 2.05, 95% confidence interval 0.69–3.42, p = 0.003); (b) the chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus subtype (odds ratio 1.98, 95% confidence interval 1.02–3.84, p = 0.044); and (c) C-reactive protein increase (≥0.5 mg/dL) (regression coefficient 2.56, 95% confidence interval 0.40–4.71, p = 0.020). Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index damage was associated with: (a) the activity (regression coefficient 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.01–0.20, p = 0.024); (b) the chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus subtype (regression coefficient 2.46, 95% confidence interval 1.37–3.56, p < 0.001); (c) the use of topical treatment (regression coefficient 1.31, 95% confidence interval 0.01–2.61, p = 0.049); and (d) systemic treatment (regression coefficient 1.44, 95% confidence interval 0.35–2.53, p < 0.010).

Conclusion

Smoking is related to an increase risk and a greater activity of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. The chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus subtype and an increased C-reactive protein level were also associated with a higher disease activity. The sequelae were related to the activity, the chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus subtype, and the use of topical and systemic treatment. The impact of tobacco on the efficacy of antimalarials may be caused by an increase in the severity of the disease more than by resistance in smokers.
Population pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Mexican patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: Romano-Aguilar Melissa , Reséndiz-Galván Juan Eduardo , Medellín-Garibay Susanna Edith , Milán-Segovia Rosa del Carmen , Martínez-Martínez Marco Ulises , Abud-Mendoza Carlos , Romano-Moreno Silvia
Published: June 2020

Background

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an effective oral immunosuppressive drug used to treat lupus nephritis (LN), which exhibits large pharmacokinetic variability. This study aimed to characterize MPA pharmacokinetic behaviour in Mexican LN patients and to develop a population pharmacokinetic model which identified factors that influence MPA pharmacokinetic variability.

Methods

Blood samples from LN patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) were collected pre dose and up to six hours post dose. MPA concentrations were determined by a validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry technique. Patients were genotyped for polymorphisms in enzymes (UGT1A8, 1A9 and 2B7) and transporters (ABCC2 and SLCO1B3). The anthropometric, clinical, genetic and co-medication characteristics of each patient were considered as potential covariates to explain the variability.

Results

A total of 294 MPA concentrations from 40 LN patients were included in the development of the model. The data were analysed using NONMEM software and were best described by a two-compartment linear model. MPA CL, Vc, Vp, Ka and Q were 15.4 L/h, 22.86 L, 768 L, 1.28 h−1 and 20.3 L/h, respectively. Creatinine clearance and prednisone co-administration proved to have influence on clearance, while body weight influenced Vc. The model was internally validated, proving to be stable. MMF dosing guidelines were obtained through stochastic simulations performed with the final model.

Conclusions

This is the first MPA population pharmacokinetic model to have found that co-administration of prednisone results in a considerable increase on clearance. Therefore, this and the other covariates should be taken into account when prescribing MMF in order to optimize the immunosuppressant therapy in patients with LN.