bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rise from the ashes or repeat the past? The effects of fresh start mindset and brand crisis type on consumer forgiveness
Authors: Chen Siyun , Ran Yaxuan , Xiong Jiwei
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Many managers and scholars focus on how to repair brand image after a corporate crisis. This research paper aims to propose that a fresh start mindset (FSM) and brand crisis type can jointly influence consumer forgiveness.

Design/methodology/approach

Three studies were conducted to examine the authors’ hypotheses. Study 1 is a 3 (FSM: high vs low vs control) × 2 (brand crisis: controllable vs uncontrollable) between-subjects factorial design to test the interaction effect of FSM and brand crisis type on consumer forgiveness. Study 2 is a 2 (FSM: high vs low) × 2 (brand crisis: controllable vs uncontrollable) between-subjects factorial design to identify the affective and cognitive mechanisms in the influence of FSM and brand crisis type on consumer forgiveness. Study 3 is a 2 (FSM: high vs low) × 2 (brand crisis: controllable vs uncontrollable) × 3 (strategy: defensive strategy vs accommodative strategy vs reticence) between-subjects factorial design, aimed to identify the possible boundary conditions of this effect and tested the moderating role of brand crisis response strategies.

Findings

Study 1 finds that the FSM interacts with brand crisis type to affect consumer forgiveness. Specifically, consumers faced with uncontrollable (vs controllable) brand crises tend to increase (vs decrease) consumer forgiveness after a corporate crisis. Study 2 identifies the underlying mechanism, such that two distinct mechanisms drive the interaction effect. Affective empathy and perceived responsibility mediate the interaction effect of FSM and brand crisis type on forgiveness. Study 3 replicates the findings of studies 1 and 2 and confirms the boundary condition of the effect, showing that crisis response strategy moderates the interaction between FSM and brand crisis type.

Originality/value

Theoretically, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research observes the interactive effect of FSM and brand crisis for the first time, thus extending the existing research on both FSM and brand crisis. This study also enriches existing empathy and responsibility literature by examining the mediating role of empathy and perceived responsibility. Practical implications for marketers are apparent, especially after a brand crisis occurs. Corporates can deal with different types of the brand crisis based on consumers’ FSM. Finally, future research with regards to the findings is discussed.
TMT experience and corporate social (ir)responsibility: the moderating effects of faultlines
Authors: Ma Jingchen , Huang Xu
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how the experience of the top management team (TMT), such as industrial experience and functional experience heterogeneity, affect corporate social performance (CSP) and whether TMT faultlines act as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the effect of TMT experience on CSP, this study uses upper echelons theory as theoretical background, and data are selected from 212 Chinese high-polluting companies with A-shares from 2012 to 2016. The dependent variable is lagged by one year from 2013 to 2017.

Findings

Industrial experience both positively influenced CSR and negatively influenced corporate social irresponsibility. Functional experience heterogeneity had an inverted U-shaped effect on responsible behaviors and a U-shaped effect on irresponsible behaviors. Meanwhile, TMT faultlines played a moderating roles in the relationship between TMT experience and CSP, in which faultlines reinforces the non-linear relationship between functional experience heterogeneity and CSP.

Research limitations/implications

The existence of impact paths between TMT experience and corporate social performances must still be examined. Other moderators need to be verified.

Practical implications

The important ways to promote more corporate responsible behavior and reduce irresponsible corporate behavior is to choose the right team members. During team formation, it is important to have experience in related industries and select team members with different functional experiences. Companies can consider hiring executives who tend to work together and have relevant experience, which can reduce the time cost of unnecessary conflicts.

Originality/value

This study combined the upper echelons theory with some attention perspectives to study the impacts of TMT experience on CSP.
Infrastructure development in higher institutions: the role of private organisations via unexplored expanded corporate social responsibility (ECSR)
Authors: Ebekozien Andrew , Samsurijan Mohamad Shaharudin , Aigbavboa Clinton , Radin Firdaus Radin Badarudin , Nor Azazi Noor Alyani , Amadi Godpower C.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Funding infrastructural facilities of higher institutions, especially in some developing nations such as Nigeria, that is under-funded, is a challenge in the current era. Private organisations participation in infrastructure development via a proposed expanded corporate social responsibility (ECSR) may enhance infrastructural facilities provision. There is a paucity of literature regarding ECSR, a form of infrastructure tax relief providing infrastructural facilities for higher institutions. Therefore, the study investigated the role of private organisations via a proposed ECSR in the provision of infrastructure and proffer ways to enhance higher institutions' infrastructure development delivery in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

The study data were collated via face-to-face interviews and observation of existing buildings. From the six geo-political zones, two higher institutions each were selected for a good representation across Nigeria. Saturation was achieved with 26 participants interviewed. The emerged three main themes were analysed via thematic analysis.

Findings

Findings show inadequate infrastructure development in Nigerian higher institutions. Lack of policy and institutional framework, lax governance, level of transparency, and corruption, emerged as the key issues that may hinder private organisations from participating in public higher institutions infrastructure development delivery in Nigeria via ECSR. Others are lack of autonomy, inadequate planning, high level of impunity, political affiliation, poor management, and access to funding. The study proffers some recommendations based on these findings.

Research limitations/implications

This research is restricted to the role of private organisations via ECSR in infrastructure development (buildings) in Nigeria's public higher institutions. Future study is needed to validate the proposed ECSR framework in developing countries for the provision of buildings for higher institutions in their host communities.

Practical implications

The paper will advance the philosophy of corporate social responsibility to the provision of building facilities in host communities' higher institutions by private companies through tax relief and supported by a proposed Presidential Executive Order.

Originality/value

The proposed ECSR framework can be used to improve building facilities in Nigeria's higher institutions. This may assist and stir up policymakers to explore the proposed model and back up with an established policy such as infrastructure tax relief (ITR) for implementation.
Comparative study on cross-linked fluorocarbon acrylate latex
Authors: Zhao Wanting , Chen Lijun
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex has good hydrophobic and oleophobicity, weather resistance, aging resistance, stability and other excellent properties, which make the polymer be widely used in coatings, dyes, adhesives and other products. The purpose of this study is to prepare self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex via semi-continuous seeded emulsion technology and carry out comparative study on two different cross-linked monomers.

Design/methodology/approach

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) were used as the main monomers, dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) as the fluoromonomer, hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) and N-methylol acrylamide (NMA) as cross-linked monomers, and 1-allyloxy-3–(4-nonylphenol)-2-propanol polyoxyethylene (10) ether (ANPEO10) and 1-allyloxy-3–(4-nonylphenol)-2-propanol polyoxyethylene (10) ether ammonium sulfate (DNS-86) as compound emulsifiers via the semicontinuous-seeded emulsion polymerization.

Findings

The properties of the polymer emulsions, which are prepared with two different cross-linked monomers, are compared and discussed, and it is concluded that HPMA is more suitable for the preparation of self-crosslinked polymer emulsions. The formula of the polymer latex is ANPEO10: DNS-86 = 1:1, and the mass ratio of the monomers used in the polymer is MMA: BA: DFMA: HPMA = 14.40:14.40:0.60:0.60.

Practical implications

Self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex can be used in many fields such as coatings, dyes, adhesives and other products.

Originality/value

The self-crosslinked long fluorocarbon acrylate polymer latex is prepared by mixing the nonionic emulsifier ANPEO10 and the anionic emulsifier DNS-86 when potassium persulfate is used as the thermal decomposition initiator and the semicontinuous-seeded emulsion technology is adopted and the comparative study on two different cross-linked monomer is carried out, which is not reported in the open literatures.
Lithofacies prediction driven by logging‐based Bayesian‐optimized ensemble learning: A case study of lacustrine carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Gu Yufeng , Zhang Shenghan , Wang Weidong , Pan Lili , Zhang Daoyong , Bao Zhidong
Published: August 2022

Although lithofacies routinely is featured by distinct logging responses from each other, many types of lithofacies in practical cases show similar measuring characteristics on logs, and then to achieve a desirable solution from logging‐based lithofacies prediction actually is challengeable. Since the mathematical essence of lithofacies prediction can be explained as an issue of pattern recognition, a light gradient boosting machine, a state‐of‐the‐art ensemble learning, specifically developed to address supervised classification, could be a potential solver. Nonetheless, due to an incompatibility of inherent exclusive feature bundling algorithm for logs and usage of a great deal of hyper‐parameters, a raw light gradient boosting machine might not be suitable or functional to predict lithofacies. Thus, continuous restricted Boltzmann machine and Bayesian optimization, respectively, employed to process original logging data and optimize hyper‐parameters, are adopted as technical assistants for the light gradient boosting machine, and accordingly a new ensemble learning‐based predictor called continuous restricted Boltzmann machine – Bayesian optimization – the light gradient boosting machine, is proposed for lithofacies. To validate classifying capability and robust nature of new predictor, three experiments are designed purposefully based on the application of a dataset collected from the wells located within pre‐salt lacustrine carbonate reservoirs of the Santos Basin. Simultaneously, to highlight validating effect, other three sophisticated classifiers are introduced as competitors in all experiments, including supper vector machine, random forest and extreme gradient boosting. According to the analysis and comparison of all experimental results, overall four points are verified: (1) the integration of continuous restricted Boltzmann machine and Bayesian optimization indeed is beneficial for the light gradient boosting machine in data preprocess and modelling stage; (2) the light gradient boosting machine cored predictor shows more capability of producing reliable predicted lithofacies information compared to other three competitors; (3) training more learning samples is a simple and effective approach to enhance computing capability of any validated predictor, and under this circumstance the light gradient boosting machine cored predictor still performs relatively better; (4) the light gradient boosting machine cored predictor is characterized with a better robustness as its predicting outcomes, even derived from a sparse‐condition dataset, are also proved more qualified. Consequently, the new proposed predictor is demonstrated as a high‐efficient and robust solver for the prediction of lithofacies and deserves a widespread application in the geological, geophysical and petrophysical research.
A monogenean parasite reveals the widespread translocation of the African clawed frog in its native range
Authors: Schoeman Anneke L. , du Preez Louis H. , Kmentová Nikol , Vanhove Maarten P. M.
Published: August 2022

The management of bio‐invasions relies upon the development of methods to trace their origin and expansion. Cointroduced parasites, especially monogenean flatworms, are ideal tags for the movement of their hosts due to their short generations, direct life cycles and host specificity. However, they are yet to be applied to trace the intraspecific movement of host lineages in their native ranges.

As proof of this concept, we conducted a comparative phylogeographic analysis based upon two mitochondrial markers of a globally invasive frog Xenopus laevis and its monogenean parasite Protopolystoma xenopodis in its native range in southern Africa and invasive range in Europe.

Translocation of lineages was largely masked in the frog's phylogeography. However, incongruent links between host and parasite phylogeography indicated host switches from one host lineage to another after these were brought into contact in the native range. Thus, past translocation of host lineages is revealed by the invasion success of its cointroduced parasite lineage.

This study demonstrates that parasite data can serve as an independent line of evidence in invasion biology, also on the intraspecific level, shedding light on previously undetected invasion dynamics. Based upon the distribution of these invasive parasite lineages, we infer that there is widespread anthropogenic translocation of this frog, not only via official export routes, but also facilitated by the frog's use as live bait by angling communities.

Synthesis and applications. Data from cointroduced, host‐specific parasites, as tags for translocation, can add value to investigations in invasion biology and conservation. A better understanding of the translocation history and resulting genetic mixing of host and parasite lineages in the native range can shed light on the genetic make‐up of parasite assemblages cointroduced to the invasive range. Knowledge of the intraspecific movement of different lineages of animals in their native ranges also has conservation implications, since contact between divergent lineages of hosts and parasites can facilitate host switches and altered parasite dynamics in both native and invasive populations. Therefore, we recommend the inclusion of parasite data as a more holistic approach to the invasion ecology of animals on the intraspecific level.
When a compromise gets compromised by another compromise
Authors: Libich Jan , Nguyen Dat Thanh
Published: August 2022

In many situations it is difficult to avoid a conflict and cooperate with others, even when all parties would like to do so. We show that while having one coordination device tends to be beneficial, having more of them may actually make things worse. Our game theoretic analysis examines the relationship between two widely used coordination devices, namely the focal point and leadership. However, instead of conventional Stackelberg leadership we use a more general Stochastic leadership framework that allows for probabilistic revisions of the players' decisions. Upon observing the initial simultaneous actions, each player can (simultaneously) change her action with some probability , known to all players in advance. In this framework, the more rigid player with lower assumes the role of a Stochastic leader, and the more flexible player becomes the Stochastic follower. We demonstrate how focal point and leadership may clash in coordination and anti‐coordination games such as the Battle of the sexes, Hawk and dove and Stag hunt. Because the focal point is based on symmetry whereas leadership on asymmetry, having these two coordination devices jointly makes Pareto‐inferior outcomes more likely. Two distinct effects are behind this phenomenon, we call them multiplicity‐broadening and multiplicity‐deepening. Our theoretic findings are then linked to many instances from business, sport as well as politics. We also discuss the implications for the design of welfare‐improving managerial processes and public policies that might help to avoid costly mis‐coordination.
Incidence of neonatal sepsis after universal antenatal culture‐based screening of group B streptococcus and intrapartum antibiotics: A multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chan Ying Tze Viola , Lau Steven Yuk Fai , Hui Shuk Yi Annie , Ma Teresa , Kong Choi Wah , Kwong Lee Ting , Chan Diana , Lee Diana , Mok Sau Lan , Ma Vinci , Lo Yim Chong , Leung Kwok Yin , Leung Wing Cheong ,   HA‐DH Liaison Committee, COC (O&G)
Published: August 2022

Objective

To compare the incidences of early and late‐onset neonatal sepsis, including group B streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) before and after implementation of universal screening and intrapartum antibiotics prophylaxis (IAP).

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Eight public hospitals and 31 Maternal and Child Health Centres (in Hong Kong.

Population

460 552 women attending routine antenatal service from 2009 to 2020.

Methods

Universal culture‐based GBS screening has been offered to eligible women since 2012. Total births, GBS screening tests, maternal GBS colonisation and neonatal sepsis with positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid were retrieved from clinical and laboratory database.

Main outcome measures

Maternal GBS colonisation rate, early‐ and late‐onset neonatal sepsis (including GBS and E. coli).

Results

Of 318 740 women with universal culture‐based screening, 63 767 women (20.0%) screened positive. After implementation of GBS screening and IAP, the incidence of early‐onset neonatal sepsis decreased (3.25 versus 2.26 per 1000 live births, p < 0.05), including those caused by GBS (1.03 versus 0.26 per 1000 live births, p < 0.05). Segmented regression showed that change in early‐onse GBS sepsis incidence after screening was the only significant variable in the outcome trend. There was no significant evidence of increase in incidence of late‐onset neonatal sepsis including those caused by GBS.

Conclusions

Universal culture‐based GBS screening and IAP were associated with reduction in early‐onset neonatal sepsis including GBS disease. Although an increase in incidence of late‐onset neonatal sepsis including those caused by GBS cannot be totally ruled out, we did not identify significant evidence that this occurred.
Downregulation of fibulin‐4 inhibits autophagy and promotes the sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells to apatinib by activating the Akt‐mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Xiangyu , Wang Jianyu , Song Liang , Yu Yang , Shi Mo , Jiang Wenpeng , Liu Xiangyan , He Xiaopeng
Published: August 2022

Background

Fibulin‐4, namely, EFEMP2, is an essential matricellular protein associated with a variety of malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore the role of fibulin‐4 in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), as well as its effect on ESCC sensitivity to apatinib treatment.

Methods

The expression of fibulin‐4 in ESCC tissues and cell lines was detected. Stably transfected ESCC cells were established by transducing lentiviral vectors for silencing or overexpressing the fibulin‐4 gene into ESCC cells, and a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of ESCC in mice was successfully established. IHC, RT–qPCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins. The CCK8 assay, EdU cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis of ESCC cells. After mice were sacrificed, the transplanted tumors were resected, and their volumes were measured.

Results

The expression of fibulin‐4 was significantly increased in both ESCC tissues and cell lines, and the high expression was closely related to the poor clinicopathological features. Downregulation of fibulin‐4 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, fibulin‐4 knockdown inhibited autophagy of tumor cells by activating the Akt–mTOR signaling pathway and significantly promoted apatinib‐induced apoptosis of ESCC cells.

Conclusion

Our study showed that fibulin‐4 is an oncogene that can promote ESCC progression and inhibit apoptosis. Downregulation of fibulin‐4 enhances the sensitivity of ESCC cells to apatinib by inhibiting cellular protective autophagy through activating the Akt–mTOR signaling pathway.
Preoperative BRAFV600E mutation detection in thyroid carcinoma by immunocytochemistry
Authors: Swan Kristine Zøylner , Madsen Stine Horskær , Bonnema Steen Joop , Nielsen Viveque Egsgaard , Jespersen Marie Louise
Published: August 2022

The BRAFV600E (BRAF) mutation is present in 40–50% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) and has been associated with more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics of PTC. The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods for preoperative identification of the BRAF mutation in PTC using cytological and histological specimens. Prospectively collected preoperative cytological clots from patients with suspected PTC were tested with BRAF immunocytochemistry (ICC) and the Cobas Test (PCR). In addition, histological specimens were tested with BRAF immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the Cobas Test. All nodules were histologically examined. Fifty‐three patients were included in the study. Complete mutation testing was available in 32 patients. The main reason for exclusion was insufficient cell content in the cytological specimen. Twenty‐seven nodules were histologically diagnosed as PTC, and 41% (n = 11) of PTCs were BRAF ICC positive. All non‐PTC nodules were negative by BRAF ICC. In 26 nodules, all four BRAF tests were concordant, while discordant test results were found in six nodules. ICC was in accordance with the consensus BRAF status in five of these nodules, while BRAF status was undetermined in one nodule. BRAF ICC showed high concordance with the Cobas Test and a low rate of false negative stain. These results indicate that BRAF ICC may be a feasible method for preoperative detection of the BRAFV600E mutation in patients with PTC.
Mendelian Randomization Mixed-Scale Treatment Effect Robust Identification and Estimation for Causal Inference
Authors: Liu Zhonghua , Ye Ting , Sun Baoluo , Schooling Mary , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric
Published: August 2022

Standard Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis can produce biased results if the genetic variant defining an instrumental variable (IV) is confounded and/or has a horizontal pleiotropic effect on the outcome of interest not mediated by the treatment variable. We provide novel identification conditions for the causal effect of a treatment in the presence of unmeasured confounding by leveraging a possibly invalid IV for which both the IV independence and exclusion restriction assumptions may be violated. The proposed Mendelian randomization mixed-scale treatment effect robust identification (MR MiSTERI) approach relies on (i) an assumption that the treatment effect does not vary with the possibly invalid IV on the additive scale; (ii) that the confounding bias does not vary with the possibly invalid IV on the odds ratio scale; and (iii) that the residual variance for the outcome is heteroskedastic with respect to the possibly invalid IV. Although assumptions (i) and (ii) have, respectively, appeared in the IV literature, assumption (iii) has not; we formally establish that their conjunction can identify a causal effect even with an invalid IV. MR MiSTERI is shown to be particularly advantageous in the presence of pervasive heterogeneity of pleiotropic effects on the additive scale. We propose a simple and consistent three-stage estimator that can be used as a preliminary estimator to a carefully constructed efficient one-step-update estimator. In order to incorporate multiple, possibly correlated, and weak invalid IVs, a common challenge in MR studies, we develop a MAny Weak Invalid Instruments (MR MaWII MiSTERI) approach for strengthened identification and improved estimation accuracy. Both simulation studies and UK Biobank data analysis results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed methods.
Responses of the public towards the government in times of crisis
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P. , Mari Silvia , Oklevik Ove , Xie Chunyan
Published: August 2022

We experimentally investigate how and when the public responds to government actions during times of crisis. Public reactions are shown to follow different processes, depending on whether government performs in exemplary or unsatisfactory ways to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The ‘how’ question is addressed by proposing that negative moral emotions mediate public reactions to bad government actions, and positive moral emotions mediate reactions to good government actions. Tests of mediation are conducted while taking into account attitudes and trust in the government as rival hypotheses. The ‘when’ question is studied by examining self‐regulatory moderators governing the experience of moral emotions and their effects. These include conspiracy beliefs, political ideology, attachment coping styles and collective values. A total of 357 citizens of a representative sample of adult Norwegians were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group, where complaining, putting pressure on the government and compliance to Covid‐19 policies were dependent variables. The findings show that negative moral emotions mediate the effects of government doing badly on complaining and pressuring the government, with conspiracy beliefs moderating the experience of negative moral emotions and attachment coping moderating the effects of negative moral emotions. The results also show that positive moral emotions mediate the effects of government doing well on compliance with COVID‐19 regulations, with political ideology moderating the experience of positive moral emotions and collective values moderating the effects of positive moral emotions.
Novel parameter for cancer chemosensitivity to fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors
Authors: Kitano Shoichi , Yamamoto Takehito , Taketo Makoto Mark
Published: August 2022

Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors (FGFRi) were introduced into clinical trials on several cancer types and found to be particularly efficacious on urothelial cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Although many enrolled patients responded well in clinical trials, there were some patients who did not respond to FGFRi even though their tumors carried the genomic changes that met the enrollment criteria. As already established, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) share the downstream signaling pathway of MAPK activation. Accordingly, it is conceivable that targeted inhibition of FGFR alone could leave the MAPK signaling unaffected when the signaling through EGFR is relatively strong. To test this hypothesis, we calculated here the FGFR to EGFR mRNA ratio (F/E for short) of biliary tract and urothelial cancer cell lines utilized in preclinical studies. In six biliary tract cancer cell lines, two responsive lines had an F/E of 9.5 and 9.0, whereas the F/E of four nonresponsive lines was 0.1–1.8. In 22 urothelial cancer cell lines, four of the five responsive lines showed an F/E of 2.8–4.9 (median, 3.6), whereas the F/E range of 17 nonresponsive lines was 0.01–2.7 (median, 0.6) (p = 0.004). We further investigated our 47 patient‐derived colorectal cancer‐stem cell spheroid lines. The 18 responsive lines showed relatively high F/E (median, 16.4), whereas 29 nonresponsive lines had low F/E (median, 9.2) (p = 0.0006). These results suggest that F/E is another strong predictor of responses to FGFRi that is as useful as the current genomic criteria based solely on the FGFR genomic changes.
Children's anxiety and parenting self‐efficacy during the COVID‐19‐related home confinement
Authors: Tatsiopoulou Paraskevi , Holeva Vasiliki , Nikopoulou Vasiliki‐ Aliki , Parlapani Eleni , Diakogiannis Ioannis
Published: August 2022

Background

The COVID‐19 crisis influenced the lives of families and preschoolers, worldwide. School closures and restriction measures introduced distance learning for preschoolers and remote working for parents. Social distancing narrowed opportunities to meet with peers and enjoy leisure activities. Additionally, social and mental services closures limited young children's accessibility to mental, speech and occupational health services. The aim of the current study was to investigate how home confinement during the third wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic affected parenting self‐efficacy and preschoolers' anxiety.

Method

An online survey based on a convenience sample took place on April 2021 to evaluate how home confinement to halt the third wave of COVID‐19 pandemic influenced children's anxiety and parenting self‐efficacy (PSE). Parents of 146 children (65 girls [44.5%] and 81 boys [55.5%]; aged 2–6 years old) were enrolled and completed a demographics form, the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) and the Tool to Measure Parenting Self‐efficacy (TOPSE).

Results

Most of the participants reported that the relationship with their child was positively affected from staying at home. TOPSE mean scores reflected average parenting self‐efficacy. PSE was negatively correlated with children's anxiety. COVID‐19‐related variables ‘Parent's vaccine hesitancy’ and ‘Death of a loved one’ had a clear effect on preschoolers' anxiety, whereas the latter also on PSE.

Conclusion

Findings highlight the necessity of implementing public health strategies to strengthen families and support parents and their children during the ongoing health crisis.
Controlled mechanical early loads improve bone quality and quantity around implants: An in vivo experimental study
Authors: Suzue Masayoshi , Kuroshima Shinichiro , Uto Yusuke , Uchida Yusuke , Sawase Takashi
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effects of early loads on bone quality and quantity around implants and to compare the effects of early loads on bone quality and quantity with the effects of conventional loads.

Materials and Methods

Grade IV‐titanium implants with buttress threads were placed in rat maxillary bone 4 weeks after extraction of first molars. A controlled mechanical load (10 N, 3 Hz, 1800 cycles, 2 days/week) was started via the implants 1 and 3 weeks after implant placement for 2 weeks (early and conventional loads, respectively). Bone quality, defined as distribution of bone cells, types and orientation of collagen fibers, and production of semaphorin3A, its receptor neuropilin‐1, and sclerostin, were quantitatively evaluated.

Results

Early loads substantially and positively affected bone quality by changing the preferential alignment of collagen fibers with increased production of type I and III collagens, semaphorin3A, and neuropilin‐1, increased osteoblast numbers, decreased production of sclerostin, and decreased osteoclast numbers both inside and outside the implant threads, when compared with non‐loaded conditions. Conventional loads changed bone quality around implants slightly. Interestingly, early loads had significantly stronger effects on bone quality and quantity based on the evaluation parameters than conventional loads.

Conclusions

This is the first report to provide scientific evidence for load initiation time based on both bone quality and quantity around implants. These new findings show that implants with buttress threads transmitted early loads optimally to bone tissue by improving bone quality and quantity inside and outside the implant threads.
Distinct changes in the colonic microbiome associated with acute diverticulitis
Authors: MJ O’Grady , Turner Greg A. , A Sulit , Frizelle Frank A. , R Purcell
Published: August 2022

Aim

The pathogenesis of acute diverticulitis (AD) remains incompletely understood, despite it being one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the colonic microbiome in the pathogenesis of AD.

Method

A prospective case–control study was performed, comparing the microbiome of AD patients with that of controls, using 16S rRNA sequencing of rectal swab samples.

Results

The microbiome of individuals with AD showed lower diversity than that of controls. There were significant compositional differences observed, with a lower abundance of commensal bacterial families and genera such as Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium in AD patients compared with controls, and there was an increase in several genera with known pathogenic roles including Fusobacteria, Prevotella and Paraprevotella.

Conclusion

This is the largest study to date to examine the microbiota of AD patients, and adds evidence to the proposed hypothesis that alterations in the colonic microbiome play a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Comparing the effect of administering gelatin‐low dose albumin versus albumin on renal function in liver transplantation: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Tehran Samaneh Ghazanfar , Khosravi Mohammad Bagher , Sahmeddini Mohammad Ali , Eghbal Mohammad Hossein , Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Khalili Fatemeh , Vatankhah Pooya
Published: August 2022

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after liver transplantation (LT) that is independently associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of administering gelatin‐low dose albumin versus albumin on renal function and other early outcomes in LT.

Methods

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 140 patients undergoing LT from brain death donors. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: albumin or modified gelatin with albumin. Blood samples were collected before (T0) and on the first (T1), second (T2), third (T3), fifth (T4), and last day of hospitalization (T5) after LT for the detection of laboratory parameters, including renal and liver function tests.

Results

The incidence of AKT on the basis of RIFLE criteria was 31.42% in the gelatin group (R: 59.10%, I: 36.40%, and F: 4.50%) and 25.71% in the albumin group (R: 66.70%, I: 27.80%, and F: 5.50%) (p = .845). Two patients in the gelatin and one in the albumin groups required renal replacement therapy (RRT). There was no significant difference between groups when the trends of changes in renal and liver function parameters were assessed during the study period (T0–T5). Furthermore, the incidence of complications was similar across groups.

Conclusion

This study showed that modified gelatin could be used without inappropriate outcomes on renal function in patients with normal preoperative kidney function tests undergoing LT.
Asmara's architectural heritage as a bricolage: The case of St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral
Authors: Kordonouri Thomais , Teame Biniam , Denison Edward
Published: August 2022

Asmara's modernist heritage, adjudged by UNESCO to possess “outstanding value to humanity”, combines the architectural practices of locals and former “colonizers”, and embodies Eritrea's modernist encounters. In 2017 Asmara was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List under Criteria 2 and 4 and remains Africa's only explicitly modernist site. Employing the concept of bricolage to examine some of Asmara's most notable buildings, this paper questions UNESCO's rejection of Eritrea's claim to Criterion 3, which was intended to acknowledge the essential contribution of indigenous labour and cultural traditions in the creation and articulation of modernism in Asmara. The work focusses on the pre‐eminent example of St. Mary's Orthodox Cathedral, a building with deep symbolic meaning and material and constructional histories of both Eritrean and Italian architecture. Finally, its bricolages contributed significantly to the production of a unique modernist language that defines Asmara's claims to modernism, a modernism not of Europe, but of Africa.
Learning from Steinkopf
Authors: Murray Noëleen , Josephy Svea
Published: August 2022

This paper contributes to the deliberations around the future of modernist architecture in the Modern Heritage of Africa (MoHoA) initiative. As creative practitioners and academics, our work has focused on considerations of architecture and urbanism, variously designing, theorizing, and photographing cities and structures. Our work is very much a critique of architectural photography, an approach to visualizing and thinking about cities that is analytical. Our collaborative work is set in dialogue with conventional forms of architectural scholarship and photography. For 12 years we have been working to examine the questions of ‘apartheid's modernities’. Our current project is to document architect Roelof S. Uytenbogaardt's buildings. Uytenbogaardt died in the late 1990s. His papers are lodged at UCT Libraries' Department of Manuscripts and Archives. We have been collecting and constructing our own archive and have recorded a large percentage of Uytenbogaardt's public buildings, projects and sites in South Africa.
Co‐Curating the Cape Town Document on Modern Heritage
Authors: Vawda Shahid , Denison Edward
Published: August 2022

The Modern Heritage of Africa [MoHoA] programme was set up to support an equitable and sustainable heritage agenda in Africa and beyond through the research, protection, utilisation, reinterpretation and reconceptualisation of modern heritage and to contribute to improving the implementation of the World Heritage Convention across the African continent and in other areas of under‐representation and historical marginalisation. It was conceptualised as a two phased process with first phase intended to interrogate the experiences of Africa and Africans to understand why the continent, its peoples and its cultures are under‐represented on global, regional, and even local registers of modern heritage, and to assess the threats posed to this heritage by impending planetary crises. The authors present the four goals of the first phase, the process that led to development of The Cape Town Document, and the 2021 Cape Town Document on Modern Heritage.
Myocardial injury in stress echocardiography: Comparison of dobutamine, dipyridamole and dynamic stressors–single center study
Authors: Medilek Karel , Zaloudkova Lenka , Borg Alexander , Brozova Lucie , Stasek Josef
Published: August 2022

Objectives

In stress echocardiography (SE), dipyridamole (DIP) and dynamic stress (ExSE) are reported as being safer than dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). We investigated whether these commonly used stressors cause myocardial injury, measured by high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT).

Methods

One hundred and thirty five patients (DSE n = 46, ExsE n = 46, DIP n = 43) with negative result of SE were studied. The exclusion criteria were known ischaemic heart disease (IHD), baseline wall motion abnormalities, left ventricle systolic dysfunction/regional wall motion abnormalities, septum/posterior wall ≥13 mm, diabetes/pre‐diabetes, baseline hsTnT level ≥14 ng/L, baseline blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg, peak pulmonary pressure ≥45mmHg, eGFR <1ml/s/1.73m2, more than mild to moderate valvular disease and dobutamine side effects. HsTnT was measured before and 180 minutes after the test.

Results

All patients had low pre‐test probabilities of having obstructive IHD. HsTnT increased in DSE, less so in ExSE, and was unchanged in the DIP group (∆hsTnT 9.4 [1.5–58.6], 1.1 [‐0.9–15.7], ‐0.1 [‐1.4–2.1] ng/L, respectively, p<0.001). In DSE, the ∆hsTnT was associated with peak dobutamine dose (r = 0.30, p = 0.045), test length (r = 0.43, p = 0.003) and atropine use (p<0.001). In ExSE, the hsTnT increase was more likely in females (p = 0.012) and the elderly (>65 years) (r = 0.32, p = 0.03); no association was found between atropine use (p = 0.786) or test length and ∆hsTnT (r = 0.10, p = 0.530).

Conclusions

DSE is associated with myocardial injury in patients with negative SE, no injury was observed in DIP and only mild case in ExSE. Whether myocardial injury is causative of the higher reported adverse event rates in DSE remains to be determined.
Extractive summarization using concept‐space and keyword phrase
Authors: Bedi Parminder Pal Singh , Bala Manju , Sharma Kapil
Published: August 2022

PROBLEM

Text summarization is widely used to extract relevant information from documents. The extensive unstructured data are generated in various domains, developing a concise and coherent form of information has become an inevitable and assertive problem among the research community. Automatic text summarization plays a crucial role in acquiring potent knowledge effectively and efficiently for each domain of information. Medical data contains crucial information regarding human diseases and their symptoms. The proposed method will benefit the research community and health experts as it saves a lot of time and resources to compute the patients' summary during diagnosis.

APPROACH

In this research, an unsupervised approach is proposed for extractive summarization, based on semantic similarity and keyword‐phrase extraction. Merging Concept Map and the RAKE method, a generic summary is computed based on threshold values. Both single‐document and multi‐document summarization can be accomplished with the approach.

RESULTS

To evaluate the proposed unsupervised approach, various biomedical transcripts of neuro‐science, general medicine, gastroenterology, orthopaedic and radiology domain are used. MT Sample Dataset is used to collect 1040 different transcripts. Using the proposed approach, an average ROUGE score of 0.77 for single‐document summarization; however, for generic summary, an average ROUGE is 0.72. The proposed technique is validated for the previous corpus of BioMed articles, and results are better with state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Relative contributions of actor and partner forgiveness and attachment to couples' functioning
Authors: Conradi H. J.
Published: August 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the relative contributions of actor and partner forgiveness and attachment to couples' functioning.

Background

Violations of expectations between romantic partners are inevitable and may cause severe relationship distress. Both forgiveness and secure attachment enhance constructive emotion regulation with positive effects on relationship functioning. Although these effects have been well documented in isolation, the relative contributions of forgiveness and attachment to relationship functioning have hardly been studied. This is unfortunate, as such knowledge could inform effective interventions.

Method

A large Dutch national population sample representative in terms of age and education (N = 1,014 couples) was recruited and actor and partner effects of forgiveness and attachment on relationship satisfaction and instability were examined by applying actor–partner interdependence modeling (APIM).

Results

Separate examination showed that actor and partner forgiveness explained 14.2% of the variance of relationship satisfaction and 7.2% of instability, while attachment explained 46.7% and 18.9%, respectively. Simultaneous examination showed shrinkage of forgiveness effects, whereas attachment effects remained robust. Actor avoidance was the main predictor of both outcomes, whereas partner forgiveness displayed small to nonsignificant effects.

Conclusion

Effects of forgiveness on relationship satisfaction and stability are modest compared to attachment.

Implications

The results suggest the importance of not framing relationship problems exclusively in terms of forgiveness but also in terms of the more inclusive attachment conceptualization of emotion regulation, in order to broaden the potential impact of interventions.
Effects of cavitation jet peening treatment on the residual stress and fatigue properties of SAF2205 cruciform welded joints
Authors: Zheng Hong‐Xiang , Luo Yun , Jiang Wenchun , Zang Jingyu , Xie Xuefang , Dong Zhilong
Published: August 2022

The cruciform welded joint is a weak position of filter press to cause fatigue failure under cyclic conditions. In this study, cavitation jet peening (CJP) treatment is proposed to improve the fatigue life of SAF2205 cruciform welded joints. The effects of different CJP treatment positions on the residual stress, microstructure, and microhardness were studied. The results show that different CJP treatment positions have different on residual stresses and fatigue life. The order of the residual stress in fracture position from large to small is the fully treated specimen, untreated specimen, one‐sided treated specimen, and diagonal treated specimen, which is exactly opposite to the order of fatigue life from large to small. After the diagonal CJP treatment, the fatigue life is increased by up to 242.19%, and the residual stress at the weld toe is reduced by more than 80%. A strengthening layer with thicknesses of about 400 μm is formed.
Learning to let go: An examination of the pedagogical role of suffering in the ‘working‐through’ of metaphysics’
Authors: Witherington T. Derrick
Published: August 2022

While Louis‐Marie Chauvet’s (1942‐) theology has been widely commented upon, relatively few commentators have critically engaged Chauvet as a fundamental theologian, particularly evaluating the ‘working‐through’ of ontotheology he proposes. In approaching this, I will ask whether and how suffering has a role in this process, for, if ontotheological ways of thought are something nearly innate to human beings, then it seems likely that ‘working through’ them would be a painful process involving some existential suffering. In order to accomplish this, I will be utilising insights of the relatively uncommented upon American philosopher Jerome A. Miller, who has written of how suffering through the loss of our false self‐image is the way towards authentic humanity and transcendence. Moreover, I think Miller’s ‘pedagogy of suffering’ provides a means of connecting Chauvet’s project to a wider context of human experience rather than limiting the realm of ‘working‐through’ to the liturgical realm. However, it is Chauvet’s notion of the ethical liturgy of the neighbour which also prevents Miller’s phenomenological analysis from remaining overly abstract. Ultimately, then, this article represents a unique engagement with Chauvet’s theology in dialogue with Miller’s philosophy, which has implications for sacramental and fundamental theology, as well as pastoral practice.