bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A detailed mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical study of the highly reduced chondrite, Acfer 370
Authors: Pratesi Giovanni , Caporali Stefano , Greenwood Richard C. , Moggi Cecchi Vanni , Franchi Ian A.
Published: November 2019

Among the many ungrouped meteorites, Acfer 370, NWA 7135, and El Médano 301—probably along with the chondritic inclusion in Cumberland Falls and ALHA 78113—represent a homogeneous grouplet of strongly reduced forsterite‐rich chondrites characterized by common textural, chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic features. All of these meteorites are much more reduced than OCs, with a low iron content in olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene. In particular, Acfer 370 is a type 4 chondrite that has olivine and low‐Ca pyroxene compositional ranges of Fa 5.2–5.8 and Fs 9.4–33.4, respectively. The dominant phase is low‐Ca pyroxene (36.3 vol%), followed by Fe‐Ni metal (16.3 vol%) and olivine (15.5 vol%); nevertheless, considering the Fe‐oxyhydroxide (due to terrestrial weathering), the original metal content was around 29.6 vol%. Finally, the mean oxygen isotopic composition Δ17O = +0.68‰ along with the occurrence of a silica phase, troilite, Ni‐rich phosphides, chromite, and oldhamite confirms that these ungrouped meteorites have been affected by strong reduction and are different from any other group recognized so far.
The UDP‐GalNAcA biosynthesis genes gna‐gne2 are required to maintain cell envelope integrity and in vivo fitness in multi‐drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Crépin Sébastien , Ottosen Elizabeth N. , Chandler Courtney E. , Sintsova Anna , Ernst Robert K. , Mobley Harry L. T.
Published: November 2019

Acinetobacter baumannii infects a wide range of anatomic sites including the respiratory tract and bloodstream. Despite its clinical importance, little is known about the molecular basis of A. baumannii pathogenesis. We previously identified the UDP‐N‐acetyl‐d‐galactosaminuronic acid (UDP‐GalNAcA) biosynthesis genes, gna‐gne2, as being critical for survival in vivo. Herein, we demonstrate that Gna‐Gne2 are part of a complex network connecting in vivo fitness, cell envelope homeostasis and resistance to antibiotics. The ∆gna‐gne2 mutant exhibits a severe fitness defect during bloodstream infection. Capsule production is abolished in the mutant strain, which is concomitant with its inability to survive in human serum. In addition, the ∆gna‐gne2 mutant was more susceptible to vancomycin and unable to grow on MacConkey plates, indicating an alteration in cell envelope integrity. Analysis of lipid A by mass spectrometry showed that the hexa‐ and hepta‐acylated species were affected in the gna‐gne2 mutant. Finally, the ∆gna‐gne2 mutant was more susceptible to several classes of antibiotics. Together, this study demonstrates the importance of UDP‐GalNAcA in the pathobiology of A. baumannii. By interrupting its biosynthesis, we showed that this molecule plays a critical role in capsule biosynthesis and maintaining the cell envelope homeostasis.
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome in a Patient with Cervical Spondylosis Demonstrated by CT Angiography
Authors: Peng Ting , Zhang Zheng‐feng
Published: November 2019

A few published reports have described anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS) with cervical spondylosis based on clinical presentation and/or MRI study, but no photographs of anterior spinal arteries were provided in these studies. Here we present a case of ASAS with cervical spondylosis in a CT angiography (CTA) study. A previously healthy 31‐year‐old man was diagnosed with acute ASAS with cervical spondylosis. Neurological examination revealed four‐limb weakness predominant in the distal part of the upper limbs and superficial sensory impairment below the cervical region. T2‐weighted images on MRI showed an area of hyperintensity in the gray matter of the cervical cord from C3 to C5 with a disc herniation at the C4,5 vertebral level. CTA demonstrated that ASA was occluded at level C4,5, which coincided with the location of disc herniation. Anterior spinal cord decompression and fusions were performed. The patient tolerated the procedure well and had complete resolution of his exertionally dependent myelopathic symptoms 1 week later. In conclusion, although ASAS with cervical spondylosis is rare, it can be diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and MRI and identified by CTA of ASA. A good neurological prognosis is anticipated after anterior spinal cord decompression and fusion is performed if disc herniation is responsible for ASA occlusion.
Dynamic Change of Lumbar Structure and Associated Factors: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wei Jian‐lu , Zhu Yan‐bin , Zhao Da‐wang , Chen Wei , Wang Juan , Wang Hong , Lv Jia‐li , Zhang Tao , Cheng Lei , Zhang Ying‐ze
Published: November 2019

Objective

To determine whether lumbar anatomy parameters are in dynamic change and related factors.

Methods

This is a retrospective study. Participants who did lumbar computed tomography (CT) scanning in Shandong University Qilu Hospital from October 2017 to March 2019 were selected. The 476 participants were randomly selected as male or female, with the age ranging from 17 to 87 years (mean, 55.19; standard deviation, 14.28 years). All the measurements were taken based on the CT scanning image and the measurement of lumbar morphology was conducted using picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). The angle between the horizontal alignment and pedicle center on median sagittal view, the angle between upper endplate and lower endplate on median sagittal view as well as transverse section angle (TSA) using Magerl point in the axial view was determined by reconstructive CT analysis.

Results

In the overall participants, the angle between the horizontal alignment and pedicle center on median sagittal view of lumbar one to three was significantly decreased with aging, from 3.90° ± 2.81° to −4.18° ± 6.86° (P = 0.002), 5.60° ± 2.89° to −4.14° ± 5.90° (P = 0.030), and 4.75° ± 2.95° to −2.87° ± 4.68° (P < 0.001), respectively. Additionally, the angle between the horizontal alignment and pedicle center on median sagittal view in male participants of lumbar two was dramatically decreased, from 4.83° ± 2.79° to −4.45° ± 5.97° (P = 0.30). And that of lumbar three in female participants was significantly decreased, from 4.56° ± 2.52° to −2.88° ± 5.03° (P = 0.029). Furthermore, of the overall participants, the angle between upper endplate and lower endplate on median sagittal view of lumbar one to four was associated with aging (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.015, P < 0.001, respectively). The angle of lumbar one, two and four in male participants and lumbar one to four in female participants were all significantly related to aging (all P < 0.05). Moreover, in the participants overall, the TSA of lumbar one to three was significantly associated with aging (P = 0.015, P = 0.006 and P = 0.007, respectively). In addition, this angle in lumbar one to lumbar four in male participants were all negatively associated with aging (P = 0.017, P = 0.001, P = 0.005 and P = 0.036, respectively).

Conclusion

Lumbar anatomy parameters are in dynamic change in an age and gender dependent manner. During spine surgery in elderly patients, more attention should be paid to these anatomic changes.
Illness perception of adolescents with allergic conditions under specialist care
Authors: James Polly , Caballero Maria Rosario
Published: November 2019

Background

Our understanding of how adolescents perceive and cope with their allergic condition/s is limited. This study used the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) in a group of adolescents with allergies and correlates the findings with demographic and clinical conditions.

Methods

In this retrospective questionnaire‐based study, we analysed 100 valid questionnaires from adolescents (11‐18 years) attending our service after receiving management and treatment for their allergic condition/s.

Results

The overall BIPQ score was 4.8 (IQR 3.6‐5.6). The highest item‐related scores were for “timeline” (illness duration) followed by “concern.” The lowest scores were found for “coherence/understanding,” demonstrating that adolescents do not perceive that they have a sound understanding of their condition/s. We found a significant difference in the overall BIPQ scores between the genders and in the emotional representation score, with females showing a highest score. Older adolescents reported a more chronic perception of the allergic disease/s.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that a better understanding and support of the allergic condition/s in adolescents, particularly in females, are likely an important target for intervention intended to improve their quality of life. BIPQ can be used as adjunct to routine allergy clinic appointments for further exploration of the wider impact of allergies on adolescents’ lives.
Rachis brittleness in a hybrid–parent barley (Hordeum vulgare) breeding germplasm with different combinations at the non‐brittle rachis genes
Authors: Fernández‐Calleja Miriam , Casas Ana M. , Pérez‐Torres Antonio , Gracia Maria Pilar , Igartua Ernesto
Published: November 2019

Two dominant, closely linked and complementary genes, Btr1 and Btr2, control rachis brittleness in barley. Recessive mutations in any of these genes turn the fragile rachis (brittle) into a tough rachis phenotype (non‐brittle). The cross of parents with alternative mutations in the btr genes leads to a brittle F1 hybrid that presents grain retention problems. We evaluated rachis fragility through a mechanical test and under natural conditions, in F1 crosses with different compositions at the btr genes. Brittleness was significantly higher in Btr1btr1Btr2btr2 crosses compared to hybrids and inbred parents carrying one of the mutations (btr1btr1Btr2Btr2/Btr1Btr1btr2btr2). This fact could jeopardize the efficient harvest of hybrids bearing alternative mutations, reducing the choice of possible crosses for hybrid barley breeding and hindering the exploitation of potential heterotic patterns. Furthermore, non‐brittle hybrids showed higher brittleness than inbreds, suggesting the presence of other dominant factors affecting the trait. In conclusion, this work encourages a deeper study of the genetic control of the rachis brittleness trait and urges the consideration of rachis tenacity as a target for hybrid barley breeding.
GNAQQ209L expression initiated in multipotent neural crest cells drives aggressive melanoma of the central nervous system
Authors: Urtatiz Oscar , Cook Courtney , Huang Jenny L.‐Y. , Yeh Iwei , Van Raamsdonk Catherine D.
Published: November 2019

Primary leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms represent a spectrum of rare tumors originating from melanocytes of the leptomeninges, which are the inner two membranes that protect the central nervous system. Like other non‐epithelial melanocytic lesions, they bear frequent oncogenic mutations in the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits, GNAQ or GNA11. In this study, we used Plp1‐creERT to force the expression of oncogenic GNAQQ209L in the multipotent neural crest cells of the ventro‐medial developmental pathway, beginning prior to melanocyte cell differentiation. We found that this produces leptomeningeal melanocytic neoplasms, including cranial melanocytomas, spinal melanocytomas, and spinal melanomas, in addition to blue nevus‐like lesions in the dermis. GNAQQ209L drove different phenotypes depending upon when during embryogenesis (E9.5, E10.5, or E11.5) it was induced by tamoxifen and which Cre driver (Plp1‐creERT, Tyr‐creERT2, or Mitf‐cre) was used. Given these differences, we propose that melanocytes go through temporary phases where they become sensitive to the oncogenic effects of GNAQQ209L. R26‐fs‐GNAQQ209L; Plp1‐creERT mice will be useful for defining biomarkers for potentially aggressive leptomeningeal melanocytomas and for developing new therapeutics for advanced disease.
Genital vitiligo in children: Factors associated with generalized, non‐segmental vitiligo
Authors: Sink Jacquelyn R. , Silverberg Nanette B.
Published: November 2019

Background/Objectives

It remains uncertain as to whether genital vitiligo of childhood is segmental or a forme fruste of non‐segmental disease. This type of vitiligo is sometimes termed figure‐of‐eight disease due to female predominance and perineal and perianal hypopigmentation or depigmentation around two orifices, the anal and vaginal introitus. The objective of this series was to categorize the features of genital‐limited vitiligo of childhood including comorbidities, family history, and long‐term course.

Methods

IRB‐approved retrospective chart review of vitiligo cases.

Results

Eight cases of vitiligo that began in childhood in the genital area were identified, including clinical course and comorbidities. Involvement of the contiguous skin, including inner thighs, buttocks, and scrotum, was noted in all males. In females, only 1 patient had other sites of vitiligo, which was a solitary lesion on the chest. Therapeutic response to topical corticosteroids for perianal skin was seen in five of six children and topical calcineurin inhibitors with or without calcipotriene in four out of four patients.

Conclusions

Segmental disease limited to the genitalia was more common in females than males, suggesting that perhaps intervention and work‐up for comorbid autoimmune diseases may be required for males with genital‐limited vitiligo at onset, but may be deferred in females and added if observation of spread is noted. Differentiation from lichen sclerosus et atrophicus may require biopsy.
Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of blood stream infections during the first 100 days post‐pediatric allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantations
Authors: Youssef Ahmed , Hafez Hanafy , Madney Youssef , Elanany Mervat , Hassanain Omneya , Lehmann Leslie E. , El Haddad Alaa
Published: November 2019

Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a frequently observed complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Retrospective analysis of clinical and microbiological data during the first 100 days from 302 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent HSCT for a malignant disease at our institute between January 2013 and June 2017. A total of 164 patients underwent autologous and 138 allogeneic HSCT. The overall incidence of BSI was 37% with 92% of infectious episodes occurring during the pre‐engraftment phase. Gram‐positive bacteria (GPB) accounted for 54.6% of the isolated pathogens, gram‐negative bacteria (GNB) for 43.9%, and fungi for 1.4%. Coagulase‐negative staphylococci and Escherichia coli were the most commonly isolated GPB and GNB, respectively. Forty‐five percent of GNB were extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase producers and 21% were multidrug‐resistant organisms. Fluoroquinolone resistance was 92% and 68%, among GPB and GNB, respectively. Risk factors for BSI in univariate analysis were allogeneic HSCT, delayed time to engraftment more than 12 days, previous BSI before HSCT, and alternative donor. In multivariate analysis, only HSCT type (allogeneic vs autologousP = .03) and previous BSI within 6 months before HSCT (P = .016) were significant. Overall survival at day 100 was 98% and did not differ significantly between patients with and without BSI (P = .76). BSI is common in children undergoing HSCT for malignant diseases. Allogeneic HSCT recipients and previous BSI within 6 months before HSCT are associated with increased risk of post‐transplant BSI. With current supportive measures, BSI does not seem to confer an increased risk for 100‐day mortality.
Preformed and de novo DSA are associated with T‐cell–mediated rejection in pediatric liver transplant recipients requiring clinically indicated liver biopsy
Authors: Schluckebier Dominique , Cousin Vladimir L. , Petit Laetitia‐Marie , Belli Dominique , Wildhaber Barbara , Rougemont Anne‐Laure , Villard Jean , Ferrari‐Lacraz Sylvie , McLin Valérie A.
Published: November 2019

Despite growing interest about the impact of donor‐specific HLA antibodies (DSA) in LT limited data are available for pediatric recipients. Our aim was to perform a retrospective single‐center chart review of children (0‐16 years) having undergone LT between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2017, to characterize DSA, to identify factors associated with the development of de novo DSA, and to analyze potential associations with the diagnosis of TCMR. Information on patient‐ and donor‐characteristics and LB reports were analyzed retrospectively. Serum obtained before LT and at LB was analyzed for presence of recipient HLA antibody using Luminex® technology. MFI > 1000 was considered positive. In 63 pediatric LT recipients with a median follow‐up of 72 months, the overall prevalence of de novo DSA was 60.3%. Most were directed against class II antigens (33/38, 86.8%). Preformed DSA were present in 30% of patients. Twenty‐eight (28/63) patients (44.4%) presented at least one episode of TCMR, mostly (12/28, 43%) moderate (Banff 6‐7). De novo DSA were significantly more frequent in patients with TCMR than in patients without (75% vs 48.6%, P = .03), and patients with preformed and de novo DSA had a significantly higher rate of TCMR than patients without any DSA (66.7% vs 20%, P = .02). Neither preformed DSA nor de novo DSA were associated with frequency or severity of TCMR. Recipients with lower weight at LT developed de novo DSA more frequently (P = .04). De novo DSA were highly prevalent in pediatric LT recipients. Although associated with the development of TCMR, they did not appear to impact the frequency or severity of TCMR or graft survival. Instead, de novo DSA may suggest a state of insufficient IS.
The long‐term impact of providing nursing education in a low‐income country
Authors: Holm Michelle R. , Burkhartzmeyer Holly L. , Fort Rachel , Rinville Raymonde , Sannon Herriot
Published: November 2019

Objective

To measure long‐term knowledge gain after provision of nursing education in a low‐income country.

Design and Sample

Global health education research has often focused on the short‐ term effects of providing education and direct patient care. Assessment of long‐term knowledge gain is key for determining whether education knowledge transfer is sustainable.

Measurements

This prospective cohort study of educational training for nurses in Haiti tested knowledge gain before, immediately after, and 6 months after education.

Intervention

Quantitative assessments were obtained through multiple choice tests at 3 time points. Qualitative data were obtained through focus groups and self‐assessments.

Results

Knowledge gain was significant from pretest to immediate posttest, and knowledge retention was assessed at 6 months after the education. Qualitative data showed improvement in reported confidence levels and patient care activities. Short‐term knowledge gain was statistically significant for improvement; however, long‐term knowledge gain was statistically significant in only 4 of 19 lectures.

Conclusions

Reported qualitative improvements in patient care indicated added value of providing education to the nursing staff. Hands‐on learning techniques were important to long‐term retention, and building trust was vital to the completion of our study.
Dickkopf‐related protein 3 promotes cell adhesion and invasion during progression of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Komori Yuka , Kano Junko , Nakano Noriyuki , Sakashita Shingo , Sakamoto Noriaki , Noguchi Masayuki
Published: November 2019

Dickkopf‐related protein 3 (DKK3) is one of the DKK family (DKK1‐4), an evolutionally conserved group of secreted glycoproteins characterized by two distinct cysteine‐rich domains. DKK3 is considered to be a tumor suppressor gene. However, it has been shown that 30–50% of various cancers are DKK3‐positive, suggesting that DKK3 may have an additional function other than tumor suppression. In this study, we focused on lung adenocarcinoma, which is the major histological type of lung cancer. We analyzed the relationship between DKK3 expression and clinicopathological features by immunohistochemistry, using 200 lung adenocarcinoma specimens. We found that 40.5% and 59.5% of cases were DKK3‐positive and ‐negative, respectively, and that positive cases had a greater tendency for progression than negative cases (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in vitro analyses demonstrated that DKK3 suppression affected cell adhesion in three DKK3‐expressing lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and that DKK3‐knockdown cells were less invasive in comparison to control cells. These results suggest that DKK3 plays a role in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by promoting cell adhesion and invasion. DKK3 might be a new extracellular cancer therapeutic target, and it seems important to clarify molecular mechanisms underlying the DKK3 functions depending on cell context.
The effect of acute running and cycling exercise on T cell apoptosis in humans: A systematic review
Authors: Palmowski Jana , Reichel Thomas , Boßlau Tim Konstantin , Krüger Karsten
Published: November 2019

This review analyses the influence of acute running and cycling exercise on T lymphocyte apoptosis. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomized case–control studies (NRCTs) measuring apoptosis by flow cytometry. Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed and Ovid were searched for running and cycling intervention studies. Risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Collaboration's tools. We included five NRCTs and one RCT with a total of 93 participants. The RCT found a higher percentage of apoptotic T helper cells identified by upregulation of Annexin V, caspase‐3 and caspase‐9 under hypoxic conditions, and only one NRCT reported a higher percentage of highly differentiated apoptotic T cells immediately after exercise. Three hours after exercise, the same NRCT showed an increase in several T cell subsets such as T helper, cytotoxic T, low differentiated and regulatory T cells. The interventions were very heterogeneous by exercise protocol and external conditions. High risk of bias in NRCTs restricts accuracy of the included studies. Imprecision due to the small sample size limits further evidence. In the future, scientists should include apoptotic measures into their research design, plan RCTs, measure apoptosis at different time points post‐exercise and increase sample size.
Jump‐landing mechanics in patellar tendinopathy in elite youth basketballers
Authors: Harris Meaghan , Schultz Adrian , Drew Michael K. , Rio Ebonie , Charlton Paula , Edwards Suzi
Published: November 2019

Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a leading cause of morbidity in jump‐landing athletes. Landing mechanics are identified as a factor associated with PT and/or patellar tendon abnormality. This study aimed to identify key jump‐landing variables associated with PT. Thirty‐six junior elite basketball players (men n = 18, women n = 18) were recruited from a Basketball Australia development camp. Three‐dimensional (3D) kinematic and ground reaction force (GRF) data during a stop‐jump task were collected as well as ultrasound scans of the patellar tendons and recall history of training load data. Mixed‐model factorial analyses of variance were used to determine any significant between‐group differences. Of the 23 participants included for statistical analyses, 11 had normal bilateral patellar tendons (controls) and eight reported PT (currently symptomatic); however, the four participants categorized as asymptomatic with patellar tendon abnormality on diagnostic imaging were excluded from statistical analyses due to their small sample size. Athletes with PT displayed a similar knee flexion angle at initial foot‐ground contact (IC) and hip extension strategy during a stop‐jump horizontal landing. Despite a similar kinematic technique, athletes with PT utilized a strategy of a longer stance duration phase from IC to peak force. This strategy did not lead to those athletes with PT decreasing their peak vertical GRF nor patellar tendon force during landing but enabled these athletes to land with a lower rate of loading (control 59.2 ± 39.3 vs. PT 29.4 ± 33.7 BW.s‐1). Athletes with PT still reported significantly reduced training volume (control 4.9 ± 1.8 vs PT 1.8 ± 1.1 sessions/wk; total training time/wk control 2.4 ± 1.0 vs PT 1.4 ± 1.1 h/wk).
Virtual Patient Journey: a novel learning resource
Authors: Salem Joseph , Fukuta Junaid , Coombs Alan , Morgan Justin
Published: November 2019

Background

Virtual Patient Journey (VPJ) is a novel online resource that follows a patient through their illness and integrates first‐person video content with in‐video decision making, allowing the student to take on the responsibility of a health care professional. The aim of our project was to compare this new VPJ format with standard teaching tutorials.

Methods

Third‐year medical students selected from two Bristol hospitals were allocated to either the VPJ format or a typical tutorial‐style teaching session. Both formats covered an identical level and scope of material and lasted the same length of time. Data were collected on pre‐ and post‐test knowledge and confidence gain using self‐reported questionnaires at the time of the teaching.

Results

The study recruited 30 students. The average knowledge gain for the VPJ group and for the tutorial group was 39% and 35%, respectively. The confidence increase was 2.4 and 1.8 on a scale of 1–10 for the VPJ and tutorial groups, respectively. Of the students who used the VPJ, 92% believed that it was a useful teaching resource and 96% enjoyed the VPJ experience and would re‐watch the material at home.

Conclusions

VPJ can expose students to clinical situations that they may not see on placement and can help to deliver a baseline level of clinical exposure and knowledge. Our VPJ may help overcome the rigidity of current virtual patients in teaching a range of core competencies and also allowing the students to take responsibility for a patient's care in a safe, controlled environment.
Vegetative desiccation tolerance in the resurrection plant Xerophyta humilis has not evolved through reactivation of the seed canonical LAFL regulatory network
Authors: Lyall Rafe , Schlebusch Stephen A. , Proctor Jessica , Prag Mayur , Hussey Steven G. , Ingle Robert A. , Illing Nicola
Published: November 2019

It has been hypothesised that vegetative desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants evolved via reactivation of the canonical LAFL (i.e. LEC1, ABI3, FUS3 and LEC2) transcription factor (TF) network that activates the expression of genes during the maturation of orthodox seeds leading to desiccation tolerance of the plant embryo in most angiosperms. There is little direct evidence to support this, however, and the transcriptional changes that occur during seed maturation in resurrection plants have not previously been studied. Here we performed de novo transcriptome assembly for Xerophyta humilis, and analysed gene expression during seed maturation and vegetative desiccation. Our results indicate that differential expression of a set of 4205 genes is common to maturing seeds and desiccating leaves. This shared set of genes is enriched for gene ontology terms related to abiotic stress, including water stress and abscisic acid signalling, and includes many genes that are seed‐specific in Arabidopsis thaliana and targets of ABI3. However, while we observed upregulation of orthologues of the canonical LAFL TFs and ABI5 during seed maturation, similar to what is seen in A. thaliana, this did not occur during desiccation of leaf tissue. Thus, reactivation of components of the seed desiccation program in X. humilis vegetative tissues likely involves alternative transcriptional regulators.
Impact of rivaroxaban plasma concentration on perioperative red blood cell loss
Authors: Kaserer Alexander , Kiavialaitis Greta Emilia , Braun Julia , Schedler Andreas , Stein Philipp , Rössler Julian , Spahn Donat R. , Studt Jan‐Dirk
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

This study investigates the impact of preoperative calculated rivaroxaban (RXA) plasma concentration on perioperative red blood cell (RBC) loss.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

In this retrospective single‐center study, we identified patients with RXA intake according to a preoperative determination of RXA levels within 96 hours before surgery. RXA plasma concentration at the beginning of surgery was then calculated from the last RXA intake using a single‐compartment pharmacokinetic model with four categories of RXA concentration (≤20, 21‐50, 51‐100, and >100 μg/L). Patients were classified into surgery with high (≥500 mL) or low (<500 mL) expected blood loss. Perioperative bleeding was determined by calculating RBC loss.

RESULTS

We analyzed 308 surgical interventions in 298 patients during the period from January 2012 to July 2018. Among patients undergoing surgery with low expected blood loss, RBC loss varied from 164 mL (standard deviation [SD], 189) to 302 mL (SD, 397) (p = 0.66), and no association of calculated RXA concentration with RBC loss was observed. In patients undergoing surgery with high expected blood loss, we found a significant correlation of calculated RXA concentration with RBC loss (Pearson's correlation coefficient, 0.29; p = 0.002). RBC loss increased with rising RXA concentration from 575 mL (SD, 365) at RXA concentration of 20 μg/L or less up to 1400 mL (SD, 1300) at RXA concentration greater than 100 μg/L. RXA concentration greater than 100 μg/L was associated with a significant increase of in RBC loss of 840 mL (95% confidence interval, 360‐1300; p < 0.001). Transfusion of RBC and fresh frozen plasma units tended to increase in patients with RXA concentrations greater than 100 μg/L. The proportion of patients treated with prothrombin complex concentrate and coagulation factor XIII concentrate increased significantly with higher RXA concentrations.

CONCLUSION

Only in surgery with high expected blood loss, a calculated RXA concentration of greater than 100 μg/L was associated with a significant increase of perioperative RBC loss.
Serum protein concentrations and protein fractions in clinically healthy Italian Heavy Draft Horses using agarose gel electrophoresis
Authors: Miglio Arianna , Morelli Chiara , Maresca Carmen , Felici Andrea , Di Gianbattista Andrea , Antognoni Maria Teresa
Published: November 2019

Background

Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) reference intervals (RIs) have been evaluated in different horses, but no specific values are shown for equine breeds as previously described in other species (dogs, cats), and no studies have been performed on SPE in draft horses.

Objectives

This study aimed to determine RIs for SPE in heavy draft horses (Italian Heavy Draft Horse‐IHDH) living in central Italy. A comparison between different physiologic states (pregnancy and no pregnancy) and ages (foals and adults) was executed.

Materials and Methods

Blood samples were collected from 215 apparently healthy horses (mares, stallions, and foals). SPE (total proteins, albumin, α1‐, α2‐, β1‐, β2‐, and γ‐fractions, A/G) was evaluated in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia. RIs were determined using well‐described, modern analytical and statistical methods. The normality of distributions was assessed using the Anderson‐Darling test. Differences between subgroups were evaluated using the Mann‐Whitney U test. A P < .05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.

Results

Our results showed that IHDHs had increases in TPs and the α2‐, β1‐, β2‐, and γ‐fractions, and decreases in albumin, α1‐globulins, and A/G ratios compared with the data reported in other horses. We also found that foals had significantly higher α1‐globulins and significantly lower albumin concentrations, and A/G ratios compared with those of the adult horses.

Conclusions

In the present study, SPE RIs using agarose gels have been determined for the first time in a large number of draft horses (represented by IHDH). The obtained results provide a basis for the further investigation of equine breeds with natural breeding, and the impact of age and physiologic states on SPE.
Do prevalence rates and severity of acquired urinary incontinence differ between dogs spayed by laparoscopy or laparotomy? Comparing apples with apples with a matched‐pair cohort study
Authors: Lutz Katharina‐M. , Hartnack Sonja , Reichler Iris M.
Published: November 2019

Objective

To compare the prevalence rates and severity of acquired urinary incontinence (AUI) between dogs spayed with laparoscopic and open laparotomy approaches.

Study design

Retrospective matched‐pair cohort study.

Animals

In total, 1285 privately owned dogs spayed >5 years previously were included in the study.

Methods

Laparoscopically spayed dogs were matched with dogs spayed by traditional laparotomy. Matching variables were breed, bodyweight, age at spaying, time of spaying in relation to the onset of puberty, time interval since spaying, and age. In 400 matched‐paired dogs, the outcome of AUI was assessed by using an owner questionnaire. A conditional logistic regression for matched pairs was performed on the data of 308 dogs.

Results

Among 308 dogs, 30 and 29 dogs spayed by laparotomy and laparoscopy, respectively, were affected by AUI. The identified risk factors for AUI were age and time interval since spaying. The surgical approach (laparoscopy or laparotomy) was neither revealed as a risk factor nor did it influence the severity of AUI.

Conclusion

The risk of AUI after spaying is not influenced by the surgical approach, (laparoscopy or laparotomy). Nearly every fifth dog spayed by laparotomy or by laparoscopy was affected by AUI. A relatively longer time interval since spaying and increased age of the dog increased the risk for AUI.

Clinical significance

Owners of dogs with a predisposition for AUI must be counseled about this risk when they present their dogs for spaying, regardless of surgical approach chosen.
Multiple species of grayling (Thymallussp.) found in sympatry in a remote tributary of the Amur River
Authors: Weiss Steven , Secci‐Petretto Giulia , Antonov Alexander , Froufe Elsa
Published: November 2019

Large‐scale phenotypic and genetic studies of the salmonid genusThymallus(grayling) in the Palaearctic suggest that most major phylogeographic lineages represent good biological species. Evaluating such a premise in areas involved in palaeo‐hydrological dynamics where multiple species are found in sympatry should serve to assess the level of reproductive isolation, the traditionalsine qua nonof species recognition. Molecular sequence (mtDNA) and microsatellite (nDNA, seven loci) analysis of grayling in the upper Bureya River watershed support the occurrence of three distinctive species of grayling living in sympatry in this large oligotrophic tributary of the Amur River. One of these lineages is primarily found throughout the Lena River basin and is recognized as Baikal‐Lena graylingThymallus baicalolenensis; the second, the upper Amur graylingThymallus grubiiis found over large areas of the Amur catchment including the entire headwater region; and the third, the Bureya graylingThymallus burejensisis endemic to the study area. A limited number of hybrids were identified, primarily between Baikal‐Lena graylingT. baicalolenensisand Bureya graylingT. burejensiswith little to no signs of introgression among non‐hybrid individuals. Morphological distinctiveness among populations of these species living in sympatry was greater than between populations living in allopatry, suggesting character displacement. Divergence estimates among taxa range up to 6.2 MY, and allopatric origins for all three species’ is suggested. To our knowledge, this is the first data‐based confirmation of three species of grayling living in sympatry.
Shariah Compliance Human Milk Sharing Online Application
Authors: Zahar Syakirah , Saari Zilal , Mohd Yusof Farahwahida , Ali Siti Mariam
Published: November 2019

In this era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, everyone relies on the Internet in their daily lives. Recent research shows the blooming of Internet-based milk sharing, i.e. Eats On Feets and Human Milk 4 Human Babies, which are already operating in nearly 40 countries. Both organisations mentioned use Facebook to connect mothers, and practise under a commerce-free model in which milk is not bought and sold, but is freely given. However, Muslim community cannot fully utilize this platform as Islam has several guidelines regarding human milk sharing which is not covered by them. This paper presents a framework for milk sharing online web application that complies with Islamic laws featuring storing donors and recipients data in the database, managing human milk transactions and connecting both parties in the form of ‘Family Tree’ to keep track and avoid confusion regarding mixed lineage. The research methodology base on the (1) urgent need to find a human milk supply, especially for preterm babies, sick infants and those infants that cannot be breastfed, (2) high awareness of mothers who are awarded with surplus human milk to share their milk to the infants in need, and (3) online human milk selling phenomenon that will cause confusion especially among Muslims related to mahram and heredity, their infant’s safety and health issues. As a conclusion, this system is able to provide solutions to all three interrelated issues. The privilege of this system is that it provides the opportunity for infants to enjoy human milk from other women, while at the same time linking the siblings' linkages as outlined by Islamic law.
Perspektif Syaikh Ahmad Al-Fatani Tentang Kaedah Mengenalpasti Penyakit : Analisis Awal Terhadap Kitab Tayyib Al-Ihsan Fi Tibb Al-Insan (Perspectives of Syaikh Ahmad Al-Fatani About Methods of Identifying Illness : Early Analysis of Kitab Tayyib Al-Ihsan Fi Tibb Al-Insan)
Authors: Mat Salleh Fairuzah , Saari Zilal , Abdul Rahman Nur Najwa Hanani , Mustafa Norhissam
Published: November 2019

Disease identification or disease diagnosis process is an important element in a treatment process. A complete diagnosis can lead to the determination of the right type of treatment and proper prescription medication in the disease healing process. Syaikh Ahmad Al-Fatani, is a great religious scholar and his medical knowledge in the Malay World, has produced a book manuscript that could be a guide to Malay medical practitioners, especially in the process of diagnosing patients. Hence, this study will discuss Shaykh Ahmad Al-Fatani’s perspective on the method of identifying illness by focusing on his manuscript, Tayyib Al-Ihsan Fi Tibb Al-Insan. The book discusses on Malay medicine, with main focus to determine the medicines and treatments against ailments. Data collection is done through library research and bibliogafi data analysis from this book, past studies and related journals to determine the method using by Syaikh Ahmad Al-Fatani for identification of illness. Although the method of identifying illnesses is not described in detail, the basic principles can be further studied in a more structured and scientific way to aid develop Malay medicine.
Analisis Awal Terhadap Isu-Isu Kebolehterimaan Asid Deoksiribonukleik DNA Sebagai Bahan Bukti di Mahkamah Syariah (Preliminary Analysis of Admissibility Issues of Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA as Evidence in Syariah Court)
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Hazim , Razak Ruqayyah , Saharudin Nurul Syahirah , Mohd Nasir Badlhisham , Baharuddin Ahmad Syukran
Published: November 2019

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) benefits human life in various aspects. Islamic history has proven that the practice of proving a case through DNA has been carried out as early as the time of the Prophet Joseph (p.b.u.h.) and the time of the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.). A lot of efforts have been done to introduce evidence through DNA in the Syariah Court. However, there are some important issues that must be addressed by various parties in Malaysia before starting to apply the DNA evidence in the Syariah Court. This study was conducted to identify important issues that require attention in the realization of the use of DNA evidence in the Syariah Court. This qualitative study employed socio-legal and library-based research in collecting primary and secondary data. Then, the data have been analyzed by using content analysis method through inductive and deductive reasoning. This study found five issues that need to be addressed namely the knowledge and understanding of shariah officers in regard to the DNA, the need to establish Syariah Forensic Laboratory, the suspect's reluctance to provide his DNA sample for DNA analysis, DNA forensic expert qualification as an expert witness in Syariah Court, and the evidential value of DNA in Syariah Court. This study concludes that these issues require effective and practical solution for the effort to bring DNA evidence to be successfully carried out.
Limit State Analyses in Design of Thin-Walled Marine Structures—Some Aspects on Length-Scales
Authors: Romanoff Jani , Remes Heikki , Varsta Petri , Reinaldo Goncalves Bruno , Körgesaar Mihkel , Lillemäe-Avi Ingrit , Jelovica Jasmin , Liinalampi Sami
Published: November 2019

This paper gives an overview of the factors that affect the strength and structural design of advanced thin-walled marine structures with reduced plate thickness or alternative topologies to those used today in the marine industry. Due to production-induced initial deformations and resulting geometrical non-linearity, the classical division between primary, secondary, and tertiary responses becomes strongly coupled. Volume-averaged, non-linear response of structural element can be used to define the structural stress–strain relation that enables analysis at the next, larger, length scale. This, today’s standard homogenization process, needs to be complemented with localization, where the stresses are assessed at the details, such as welds for fatigue analysis. Due to this, the production-induced initial distortions need to be considered with high accuracy. Another key question is the length-scale interaction in terms of continuum description. Non-classical continuum mechanics are needed when consecutive scales are close. Strain-gradients are used to increase the accuracy of the kinematical description of beams, plates, and shells. The paper presents examples of stiffened and sandwich panels covering limit states such as fatigue, non-linear buckling, and fracture.
Deep Learning Toward Autonomous Ship Navigation and Possible COLREGs Failures
Authors: Perera Lokukaluge P.
Published: November 2019

A structured technology framework to address navigation considerations, including collision avoidance, of autonomous ships is the focus of this study. That consists of adequate maritime technologies to achieve the required level of navigation integrity in ocean autonomy. Since decision-making facilities in future autonomous vessels can play an important role under ocean autonomy, these technologies should consist of adequate system intelligence. Such system intelligence should consider localized decision-making modules to facilitate a distributed intelligence type strategy that supports distinct navigation situations in future vessels as agent-based systems. The main core of this agent consists of deep learning type technology that has presented promising results in other transportation systems, i.e., self-driving cars. Deep learning can capture helmsman behavior; therefore, such system intelligence can be used to navigate future autonomous vessels. Furthermore, an additional decision support layer should also be developed to facilitate deep learning-type technologies, where adequate solutions to distinct navigation situations can be facilitated. Collision avoidance under situation awareness, as one of such distinct navigation situations (i.e., a module of the decision support layer), is extensively discussed. Ship collision avoidance is regulated by the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) under open sea areas. Hence, a general overview of the COLREGs and its implementation challenges, i.e., possible regulatory failures, under situation awareness of autonomous ships is also presented with the possible solutions. Additional considerations, i.e., performance standards with the applicable limits of liability, terms, expectations, and conditions, toward evaluating ship behavior as an agent-based system in collision avoidance situations are also illustrated.
Scale Effects on Heave Plates for Semi-Submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: Case Study With a Solid Plain Plate
Authors: Bezunartea-Barrio Ana , Fernandez-Ruano Sergio , Maron-Loureiro Adolfo , Molinelli-Fernandez Enrique , Moreno-Buron Francisco , Oria-Escudero Julio , Rios-Tubio José , Soriano-Gomez Cristina , Valea-Peces Alvaro , Lopez-Pavon Carlos , Souto-Iglesias Antonio
Published: November 2019

In the case of SPAR or semi-submersible platforms for floating wind turbines, it is beneficial in some cases to use heave plates that reduce their heave motion amplitude and/or tune their heave natural period. As part of the Hiprwind project, it was decided to study scale effects on the hydrodynamics of this element. To this aim, models of one leg of the platform, equipped with a heave plate without any reinforcements, were built. This model is a simplified representation of the actual one, which incorporates a vertical flap on the heave plate edge. The scales were 1:20, 1:27.6, and 1:45.45, with the former leading to added mass values of the order of 300 kg, becoming one of the largest models for which experiments with heave oscillations have been carried out. Decay tests starting from various amplitudes and forced oscillations tests for a range of frequencies and amplitudes were performed. It is shown in the paper that the influence of the scale factor on the hydrodynamic coefficients is weaker than the effect that the motion amplitude (characterized with the Keulegan–Carpenter (KC) number produces in them. This result is relevant because the selection of a representative KC is an important and somewhat arbitrary aspect to be set in the linear potential simulation codes in order to add viscous damping. What has been shown herein is that a right selection of KC has a larger impact on the models than the uncertainties due to eventual scale effects in the heave-plates dynamics.
A Study of Nonlinear Behavior of Transformer Windings in Structural Degradation Detection
Authors: Hong Kaixing , Huang Xueqian , Xu Suan
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the transient vibration responses of power transformer windings subjected to the mechanical and electrical impacts are studied with the aim of detecting the structural degradation of windings. The axial vibration mechanism of windings is described as a multi-degrees-of-freedom model with the Rayleigh damping formulation. Then, the nonlinear damping curves are extracted from the original vibrations by using Morlet wavelet transform. During the laboratory experiment, the model was validated on a full-size winding model, and the free vibrations from different coils were acquired when the mechanical impact was applied. Furthermore, the clamping force adjustment experiment was performed to simulate the structural degradation of windings, and the nonlinear relationship between the clamping force and the damping coefficients was investigated. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the tank vibrations collected during the de-energizing process for in-service transformers, and the results of the normal and the anomalous transformers are compared. It is concluded that the proposed method not only reveals the relationship between the transient vibration and the winding structure but also can effectively identify the winding condition.