bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 2-year multisite study of viticultural and environmental factors affecting rotundone concentration in Duras red wine
Authors: Geffroy Olivier , Descôtes Juliette , Levasseur-Garcia Cécile , Debord Christian , Denux Jean-Philippe , Dufourcq Thierry
Published: July 2019

Aim: A study was carried out in 2013 and 2014 to determine the key environmental and viticultural variables affecting the concentration of rotundone, the black pepper aroma compound, in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Duras red wines at 10 different vineyard blocks.Methods and Results: For each block, data for fruit quality attributes, as well as climatic and agronomical variables, were collected. Rotundone was quantified in wines prepared by microvinification techniques (in a 1-L Erlenmeyer flask). Rotundone concentration varied across blocks from 63 ng/L to 239 ng/L in 2013 and from 25 ng/L to 115 ng/L in 2014. Three separate partial least squares regression models were constructed to predict rotundone concentration in wines in 2013, in 2014, and in both vintages. Gluconic acid, a secondary metabolite of Botrytis cinerea, had a substantial contribution to the 2013 and multivintage models, with a negative regression coefficient with rotundone concentration. Other predictors were associated with abiotic factors such as cumulative rainfall, thermal index, hours of sunshine and mean daily irradiation.Conclusions: Our results indicate that mesoscale climatic variables are the key factors determining rotundone concentration, and also suggest that Botrytis cinerea may be involved in rotundone degradation.Significance and impact of the study: Our findings may assist grape growers producing Duras red wines to select specific vineyard blocks with the aim of producing wines with a desired rotundone concentration. They also open up new fields of investigation into mechanisms involved in possible rotundone degradation by Botrytis cinerea.
Avaliação da toxicidade de estirpes de Bacillus thuringiensis para Aedes aegypti Linneus, (Díptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Ootani Marcio Akio , Ramos Antônio Carlos Costa , Azevedo Emiliano Bradão de , Garcia Bruno de Oliveira , Santos Suetonio Fernandes dos , Aguiar Raimundo Wagner de Sousa
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho objetivou-se selecionar e identificar estirpes de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) obtidos de amostras de solo do estado de Tocantins que apresentaram toxicidade para o mosquito Aedes aegypti. Obteve-se isolados de Bt das amostras de solos obtidos e com maior número de colônias em solos com alto teor de argila e matéria orgânica. A atividade tóxica entre os isolados obtidos variou de 14,7 a 98% de mortalidade para larvas de 2o estádio de A. aegypti, com destaque para o isolado A-392. Foram realizadas analise de SDS-PAGE onde houve a presença de um peptídeos de aproximadamente 80 kDa, não sendo visualizado nos demais isolados, o a estirpe A-392 teve 98% de mortalidade das larvas de A. aegypti testadas, no período de 48 horas, utilizando uma concetração de 20 mL/mL do caldo bacteriano. Verifica-se que B. Thuringiensis isoladas do estado do Tocantins apresenta resultados promissores para serem utilizadas na fabricação de um bioinseticidas contra as larvas deste mosquito.
Modeling and Analysis of the Self-powered Device for Wireless Heart Rate Measurement
Authors: Aripriharta Aripriharta , Muladi Muladi , Mufti Nandang , Zaeni ilham ari elbaith , Wirawan I Made , Horng Gwo-Jiun
Published: July 2019

A new circuit model of the self-powered device for heart rate measurement is presented in this paper. This device consists of piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH), power management circuit (PMC) with energy storage, microcontroller, Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor, and Wi-Fi module. The PEH is placed under the insole to harvest the pressure energy from human foot-step to generate ac power. In our model, a PEH is represented by sine voltage source, where its parameters were taken from experiments with 20 volunteers. The PMC is simplified by a switch with gain δ placed in series with the main circuit. The model of the main circuit is RC elements in parallel, where C is the capacitance of the storage device, and R is the equivalent parallel resistance of the microcontroller, PPG sensor, and Wi-Fi modules, respectively. The value of R depends on the power and current absorbed by those modules during sleep, deep sleep, sense, and transmit modes which collected from the datasheet. Finally, the proposed circuit model of the self-powered device was built and simulated in SPICE. The simulation results were compared with the laboratory experiment using commercial devices. Based on the results, the proposed model had small gaps compared to the real self-powered devices in terms of average current, voltage, power and efficiency.
Inhibition of Pancreatic α-Amylase Activity by a Weight-Loss Herbal Formula RCM-107
Authors: Luo Shiqi , Lenon George , Gill Harsharn , Hung Andrew , Dias Daniel A. , Li Mingdi , Nguyen Toan Linh
Published: July 2019

Reducing carbohydrates digestion by having low glycaemic index (GI) foods has been linked to weight loss. Inhibiting related enzymes is an alternative way to decrease carbohydrate digestion. RCM-107, an eight-herb formula that is modified from the RCM-104, has indicated significant weight-loss action in clinical trials. However, no research has been conducted to study its effect on the activity of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA), which is involved in carbohydrate absorption. In this paper, we used fluorescence PPA inhibition assay to investigate the inhibitory effects of RCM-107 and the individual herbs present in this herbal mixture on amylase activity. Subsequently, molecular docking predicted the key active compounds that may be responsible for the enzyme inhibition. According to our results, both the RCM-107 formula and several individual herbs displayed α-amylase inhibitory effects. Also, marginal synergistic effects of RCM-107 were also detected. In addition, alisol B, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and plantagoside have been predicted as the key active compounds that may be responsible for the α-amylase inhibition effect of RCM-107 according to inter-residue contact analysis. Finally, Glu233, Gln63, His305, Asp300 and Tyr151 are predicted to be markers of important areas with which potential amylase inhibitors would interact.
PENGARUH KOMPONEN FISIK DOMINAN OLAHRAGA FUTSAL TERHADAP TEKNIK DASAR PERMAINAN FUTSAL
Authors: Mashud Mashud , Hamid Abdul , Abdillah Said
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui; 1) pengaruh kekuatan otot tungkai terhadap kemampuan teknik dasar permainan Futsal. 2) pengaruh koordinasi mata kaki terhadap kemampuan teknik dasar permainan Futsal. 3) pengaruh keseimbangan terhadap kemampuan teknik dasar permainan Futsal. 4) pengaruh kekuatan otot tungkai, koordinasi mata kaki, dan keseimbangan terhadap kemampuan teknik dasar permainan Futsal. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif non eksperimental yang berjenis korelasional atau jenis penelitian ekspos fakto. Populasi dan sampel adalah siswa SMP yang mengikuti ekstrakurikuler Futsal berjumlah 63 siswa, seluruh jumlah populasi dijadikan sampel penelitian/ total sampling. Hasil peneltian adalah 1) ada pengaruh variabel X1 terhadap variable terikat Y. Hal ini terlihat berdasarkan nilai sig sebesar 0.041 (< 0.05) maka dapat diartikan bahwa secara parsial variabel X1 terbukti mempengaruhi variabel Y secara signifikan. 2) Ada pengaruh variabel X2 terhadap variabel terikat Y. Hal ini terlihat berdasarkan nilai sig sebesar 0.005 (< 0.05) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara partial variabel X2 terbukti mempengaruhi variabel Y secara signifikan. 3) Ada pengaruh variabel X3 terhadap variable terikat Y. Hal ini terlihat berdasarkan nilai sig sebesar 0.009 (< 0.05) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara sendiri (partial) variabel terbukti mempengaruhi variabel Y secara signifikan. 4) Ada pengaruh secara bersama-sama variabel bebas X1, X2, X3 terhadap variable Y. Dari hasil uji signifikansi terlihat bahwa nilai probabilitas adalah sebesar 0,00 (< 0,05) sehingga model regresi yang terbentuk dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi variabel Y, artinya, pengaruh variabel X1, X2, dan X3 secara simultan terbukti mempengaruhi variabel Y (teknik dasar futsal) secara signifikan. Selain hasil berdasarkan uji hipotesis di atas juga didapatkan data  bahwa variabel Y dipengaruhi oleh variabel X1, X2 dan X3 sebesar 34.70%, dan sisanya dipengaruhi faktor lain selain variabel X1, X2 dan X3 sebesar 63.3%.
Dividend payout among Nigerian firms: Do female directors matters?
Authors: Idris Adamu Adamu , Ishak Rokiah , Hassan Nor Laili
Published: July 2019

This study explores how female director(s) affect the decision to pay dividend in the sub-Saharan Africa. The study specifically employs non-financial firms listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange Market from 2009-2015 and logit regression as the technique for data analysis. The independent variable of interest in the study is female director. Consistent with the hypothesis, the study found strong association that firms with at least one female director on board are more likely to affect the payment of dividends. The findings subsist after the commencement of the 2011 CCG and when firms with negative earnings were excluded from the main sample. Furthermore, the results do not change when the model was re-estimated using an alternative measure of female director as well as using OLS regression.
Recursos didácticos para la localización e identificación de musgos y hepáticas en la ciudad de Córdoba
Authors: Alcázar Teno Purificación , García Mozo Herminia , García Llamas Carmen , Plaza García María del Pilar , Márquez Serrano José , Nieto Lugilde Diego , Velasco Jiménez María José , Martínez Bracero Moisés , López Orozco Rocío , Galán Soldevilla Carmen
Published: July 2019

Este proyecto trata de utilizar la ciudad de Córdoba como recurso educativo para la enseñanza del mundo vegetal, en concreto musgos y hepáticas. Se trata de acercar al alumnado estos organismos, que aunque pasan desapercibidos por su pequeño tamaño, están presentes en las ciudades. El objetivo ha sido diseñar rutas que se puedan realizar con alumnado en las que sea frecuente encontrar especies de briofitos y aportarles material para realizar de forma autónoma la identificación de las especies. Se han desarrollado itinerarios por la ciudad de Córdoba y por el Campus Universitario de Rabanales en los que se han añadido con una señal las especies que se pueden encontrar en cada uno de los puntos marcados a lo largo de la ruta, para que el alumnado pueda encontrar las especies sin dificultad. Se ha elaborado también una guía didáctica que incluye una pequeña introducción de los briofitos, una clave dicotómica para la identificación de las especies, utilizado caracteres morfológicos fácilmente observables a simple vista y una guía fotográfica con fotos y descripciones detalladas de las especies de hepáticas y musgos que se han encontrado con frecuencia en la ciudad. El material se ha elaborado en español y en inglés.
La tutoría como estrategia de trabajo compartido
Authors: De León Huertas Carlota , González López Ignacio , Eslava Suanes Mª Dolores
Published: July 2019

Se entiende la labor tutorial como una parte esencial de la responsabilidad de la docencia universitaria en la que se busca establecer una interacción más personalizada entre el equipo docente, los y las agentes sociales y el alumnado mentor con los y las estudiantes, lo que supone adaptar el aprendizaje a sus condiciones y necesidades, tanto individuales como grupales, de tal manera que cada alumno y alumna logre alcanzar las competencias requeridas para asumir un proyecto de trabajo a realizar en la titulación de Grado de Educación Social. El objetivo general que centra el desarrollo de esta acción innovadora se concreta en detectar las necesidades de acción tutorial del alumnado de Educación Social en el abordaje de un proyecto de trabajo coordinado en el marco de las materias “Animación Sociocultural: proyectos e intervención”, “Métodos de Investigación en Educación Social”, de la titulación de Grado Educación Social. Nuestro propósito es sentar las bases para la elaboración de un plan de acción tutorial universitaria que agrupe las acciones de acompañamiento y seguimiento del profesorado universitario responsable de las materias implicadas, del alumnado mentor y de los y las agentes externas adheridos al proyecto.
SWFAD-IOT: Sistema de Apoyo a la Docencia en un Entorno IoT
Authors: Cerruela García Gonzalo , García Pedrajas Nicolás , Luque Ruiz Irene , Gómez Nieto Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo muestra el desarrollo e implementación de un sistema de apoyo a la docencia mediante la web física en un entorno del Internet de las Cosas (IoT). El sistema está orientado al desarrollo de actividades académicamente dirigidas que potencien el trabajo por competencias y al diseño de acciones destinadas a mejorar los procesos de evaluación, potenciando la evaluación continua y la autoevaluación de los alumnos. Con buenos resultados se implementaron varios casos de uso para evaluar el sistema, construyendo una aplicación software que permite una interacción natural del alumno con el entorno docente que le rodea.
Aplicando STEAM en un ambiente de Ciudades Inteligentes con Internet de las Cosas como Metodología de Aprendizaje Basada en Proyectos
Authors: Soto Hidalgo José Manuel , Martínez Rojas María
Published: July 2019

Con este artículo se pretenden desarrollar competencias a través de un proyecto práctico donde los estudiantes tendrán que resolver un problema real aplicado a ciudades inteligentes mediante internet de las cosas. Se propone una metodología de aprendizaje basada en proyectos (PBL) donde, a través de un proyecto, los estudiantes crearán y diseñarán su propio prototipo a una solución a un problema planteado, por ejemplo: gestionar automáticamente el alumbrado de una calle o habitación. Los estudiantes tendrán que razonar, analizar dicho reto y crear soluciones innovadoras basadas en STEAM al problema planteado. Los estudiantes diseñarán y construirán un prototipo real y tangible de la solución adoptada utilizando los sensores/actuadores y microcontroladores que ellos consideren. Después integrarán el prototipo diseñado en una pequeña maqueta (construida por los estudiantes como actividad inicial) que simulará una Smart City e interconectarán el prototipo creado con el resto de prototipos haciendo uso de Internet of Things. Finalmente, se realizarán foros de debate, donde participarán todos los estudiantes y moderarán los profesores, sobre las distintas soluciones aportadas con el objetivo de obtener retroalimentación de las propuestas desarrolladas para proponer nuevos retos, encontrar nuevas soluciones a otros problemas o para refinar las anteriores.
The Response of Citronella Grass on Several NPKMg Fertlization Levels in Latosol Soil Type
Authors: Setiawan NFN , Gusmaini NFN , Nurhayati Hera
Published: July 2019

Citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus var genuinus L) is an essential oil-producing plant known as "Citronella Oil of Java". Oil is resulted from leaf distillation. The fertilization of N, P, K and Mg was expected to enhance herb productivity and oil yield of citronella grass. The research was conducted at Cicurug Experimental Garden, Sukabumi from August 2016 - February 2017. The objective of this research was to determine the proper dosage of NPKMg fertilizer on citronella grass in Latosol soil type. The study was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with 6 fertilization treatments and 4 replications. Fertilizer treatments were (1) without fertilizer (control), (2) NPKMg (12:12:17:2): (2) at the dosage of 141 kg.ha-1,(3) 281 kg.ha-1, (4) 421 kg.ha-1, (5) 526 kg.ha-1, and (6) Urea 150 kg.ha-1, SP-36         50 kg.ha-1 and KCl 125 kg.ha-1 (as comparison). The NPKMg fertilization on citronella grass enhanced plant growth and increased the productivity of biomass and oil yield.  The application of NPKMg fertilization (12:12:17:2) 141 kg.ha-1 produced 23 tons of herbs, increased by 30.8 % compared to NPK fertilization without Mg. The dosage of NPKMg fertilizer (12-12-17-2) at 281 kg.ha-1 indicated the best growth and the highest herb production (24 ton.ha-1), increased by 39 %, while the highest oil content (1.4 %) was shown by 421 kg.ha-1 NPKMg (12-12-17-2) treatment, although the oil yield was insignificant compared to 281 kg.ha-1. Thus, the dosage of 281 kg.ha-1 NPKMg (12:12:17:2) can be recommended for citronella  grass cultivated at Latosol soil type
Charge Contrast Imaging (CCI): Revealing Enhanced Diagenetic Features of A Coquina Limestone
Authors: Buckman James O. , Corbett Patrick W.M. , Mitchell Lauren
Published: July 2019

Charge Contrast Imaging (CCI) is a low-vacuum scanning electron microscope (LV-SEM) technique that can be induced through partial surface charge suppression of uncoated nonconductive samples, imaged with a suitable detector such as a gaseous secondary electron detector (GSED). The technique commonly produces results similar in style to that of SEM-cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL), providing information on zoning, twinning, annealed fractures, and subtle chemical changes. The current work outlines an example from a Brazilian Lower Cretaceous coquina limestone, in which both optical and SEM-CL imaging produces a limited response from much of the sample. Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging typically suggests only a hint of the cement present, whereas CCI clearly displays a rich and varied cement stratigraphy. The earliest cement displays strong CCI, but appears mainly dark under CL imaging conditions (SEM-CL and optical CL). Later-stage manganese-“enriched” carbonate cement displays luminescence with both optical and SEM-CL, as well as a CCI response. Therefore CCI can provide additional information on cement zonation in an area where CL cannot.
Crinoid Anchoring Strategies for Soft-Bottom Dwelling
Authors: SEILACHER ADOLF , MACCLINTOCK COPELAND
Published: July 2019

During the geologic history of crinoids, many groups have modified their distal stems to function as anchors in soft sediments, but more so in the Paleozoic than in later times. Major strategies were passively implanting anchors, cirral root systems, coils, and stemless reclining. In Paleozoic roots, the stereom usually consists of crystallographically individualized ossicles, but articulations may be hidden by a tough cuticle that protected the living tissue of immersed parts and stiffened them with cortical stereom. Post-Paleozoic representatives produced similar anchoring structures by different fabricational pathways, including non-articulated root systems.
Non-Predatory Shell Damage in Neogene Western Atlantic Deep-Burrowing Bivalves
Authors: ALEXANDER RICHARD R. , DIETL GREGORY P.
Published: July 2019

Few shell-crushing predators can excavate prey living deep within the sediment. Despite this infaunal refuge from predators, many deep-burrowing bivalves display a strikingly high incidence of shell damage when compared with species living at shallower depths. A non-predatory origin is necessary to explain this high incidence of injury. To evaluate the generality of this hypothesis, repair frequency (number of repairs per shell), along with position and geometry, were determined for 68 Neogene bivalve species from the US Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain, seven of which are classified as deep burrowers (>20 cm depth of sediment penetration). Panopea bitruncata, Panopea floridana, Panopea reflexa, and Panopea americana, which are among the deepest burrowers (up to 100 cm), have repair frequencies (2.8– 6.2) that are higher than any other species, while the value for Cyrtopleura costata (0.76) is exceeded only by semi-infaunal Atrina species (1.12). However, not all deep-burrowing species had such high incidences of damage. Two moderately deep-burrowing species (Anodontia alba and Tagelus plebeius; 20–50 cm) showed repair frequencies (0.04–0.30) that overlapped the range (0.001–0.52) for shallow-burrowing, semi-infaunal, and epifaunal species. Therefore, any generalizations about the relationship between depth of sediment penetrated and frequency of shell damage are inadvisable. Most scars on deep burrowers were not attributable to the direct activity of shell-crushing predators because: (1) injury occurred late in life when individuals were positioned in the safety of a deep burrow; (2) scar types consistent with a predatory origin were rare; and (3) scars frequently occurred on the anterior of the shell, which is least accessible to digging predators.
Organic facies in Devonian and Mississippian strata of Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: relation to kerogen type, paleoenvironment, and paleogeography
Authors: Stasiuk L.D. , Fowler M.G.
Published: July 2019

Petrographic analyses of dispersed organic matter (including macerals and palynomorphs), siliceous and calcareous microfossil assemblages and microtextures (e.g. stromatolitic) have been used to define and interpret five organic facies and regionally map their distribution for the following informal groupings of potential hydrocarbon source rocks in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin: Upper Devonian Woodbend group, Upper Devonian Winterburn group and Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian black shales of the Exshaw and Bakken formations. Five petrographic organic facies (A–E) are defined for the potential source rocks based on assemblages of alginites, acritarchs, sporinites, siliceous microfossils and algal mat microtextures. Organic facies A, B (prasinophyte alginites and acritarchs) and C (coccoidal alginite), represent accumulation in relatively deep (basin), intermediate (shelf-platform), and shallow water depths (bank-reef margin to lagoonal). Organic facies D is defined by siliceous microfossils (e.g. Radiolaria) and accumulated in deep basinal to outer shelf settings immediately east of an ancient Pacific Ocean, or south of an ancient Arctic Ocean. This facies may reflect regions of upwelling which extended into intracratonic and epicontinental settings. Organic facies E, characterized by stromatolitic microtextures with or without coccoidal alginite, only occur within Upper Devonian Winterburn Group shallow water, restricted shelf to lagoonal dolostones associated with evaporites. As a whole, the regional distribution of organic facies is related to paleogeography, paleobathymetry or paleostructure in the source rocks. Surprisingly, petrographic organic facies do not show strong positive correlation with kerogen type as defined by Hydrogen-Oxygen indices or TOC-S2 plots.
Using Gis-based Spatial Analysis To Determine Factors Influencing the Formation of Sinkholes in Greene County, Missouri
Authors: Kidanu Shishay T. , Anderson Neil L. , Rogers J. David
Published: July 2019

Sinkholes are inherent features of the karst terrain of Greene County, Missouri, that present hazards and engineering challenges to construction/infrastructure development. Analysis of relationships between the spatial distribution of sinkholes and possible influencing factors can help in understanding the controls involved in the formation of sinkholes. The spatial analysis outlined herein can aid in the assessment of potential sinkhole hazards. In this research, Geographic Information System–based ordinary least squares regression (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods were used to determine and evaluate principal factors appearing to influence the formation and distribution of karst sinkholes. From the OLS result, seven out of 12 possible influencing factors were found to exert significant control on sinkhole formation processes in the study area. These factors are overburden thickness, depth to groundwater, slope of the ground surface, distance to the nearest surface drainage line, distance to the nearest geological structure (such as faults or folds), distance to the nearest road, and distance to the nearest spring. These factors were then used as independent variables in the GWR model. The GWR model examined the spatial non-stationarity among the various factors and demonstrated better performance over OLS. GWR model coefficient estimates for each variable were mapped. These maps provide spatial insights into the influence of the variables on sinkhole densities throughout the study area. GWR spatial analysis appears to be an effective approach to understand sinkhole-influencing factors. The results could be useful to provide an objective means of parameter weighting in models of sinkhole susceptibility or hazard mapping.
Environmental Availability of Potentially Toxic Elements in an Agricultural Mediterranean Site
Authors: Alexakis Dimitrios , Gamvroula Dimitra , Theofili Eleni
Published: July 2019

Total contents of 36 potentially toxic elements are summarized for agricultural topsoil (n = 12; soil depth = 0–20 cm), subsoil (n = 12; soil depth = 20–40 cm), and representative rock samples collected from a Mediterranean site (Megara Plain, Greece). The five-stage sequential extraction procedure for the geochemical partitioning of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni), proposed by Tessier, was applied to topsoil and subsoil collected from the study area. Soil Cd was highly associated with exchangeable fraction, illustrating high bioavailability of this element. The order of mobility of the elements was as follows: Cd > Cu > Co > Zn > Ni > Cr > Mn. Results from sequential extraction experiments illustrated that the bioavailability of Cu, Co, and Zn is moderate, while Ni, Cr, and Mn presented low bioavailability, indicating that these elements could pose a limited threat to the quality of crops. Cadmium is the chief contamination controlling factor posing moderate potential ecological risk. The contamination sources of the examined elements are discussed.
An Update on the Geology of the Lupin Gold Mine, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: GEUSEBROEK P.A. , DUKE N.A.
Published: July 2019

The Lupin mine, located in the central Slave province just east of the western boundary of Nunavut Territory, is a world-class example of a Neoarchean-aged banded iron formation (BIF)-hosted lode-gold deposit. At the minesite the gold-mineralized Lupin BIF, separating stratigraphically underlying psammitic wacke and overlying argillaceous turbidite sequences, delineates the Lupin dome, a hammerhead-shaped F2/F3 interference fold structure occurring at the greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphic transition within the thermal aureole of the Contwoyto batholith. Detailed paragenetic relationships indicate that peak thermal metamorphism coincided with the switch from regional D2 compression to rapid D3 unroofing of the Neoarchean orogenic infrastructure. Gold initially precipitated with pyrrhotite, replacing amphibolitic BIF at the apex of the Lupin deformation zone, separating the east and west lobes of the Contwoyto batholith. Over the course of associated prograde/retrograde metasomatic overprints, gold was further remobilized during garnet and loellingite/arsenopyrite growth in chlorite-altered selvages of late-forming ladder quartz veins. A metamorphic model of ore genesis, with gold being scavenged and transported by metamorphic fluid that was shed and structurally trapped at the amphibolite recrystallization front, is favored over the previously proposed syngenetic and exogenic models of gold concentration that have tended to polarize genetic interpretations to date.
WITHDRAWN: Endodontic Therapy at Different Stages in the Treatment of Avulsed Teeth: a Double Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: shengming wang , Li Fangfang , Luo Zhiqing , Hu Xiaoqing , Shao Peng
Published: July 2019

Objective

To evaluated the outcomes of the teeth avulsed from alveolar bone in accidents for a 1 year follow up when endodontic root canal therapy was performed at different time points.

Materials and Methods

According to the inclusion criteria, 109 patients diagnosed with teeth avulsion due to accidents were enrolled at base-line and 103 patients finally completed follow-up in this trial. 115 teeth were firstly assigned to two groups according to storage condition. Then they were randomly assigned to one of two groups respectively. The teeth were treated with root canal therapy at different stages. All of patients were recalled at baseline, in the first, third month, sixth month and first year (end of follow-up) for clinical and radiological evaluation.

Results

103 patients finally completed follow-up in this trial. As for periodontal healing, cases with before-replantation treatment were significantly more than post-replantation treatment in dry storage. On the contrary, more periodontal healing cases were obtained in ideal storage. In the first year after treatment, there was no difference of success rate between G21 and G22 (P < 0.05). Significant difference was found between G11 and G12 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In clinical practice, root canal therapy should be performed prior to replantation in dry storage condition for more than 60 minutes. In contrast, if not, root canal therapy could be postponed.
Detection of Renal Hypoxia Configuration in Patients with Lupus Nephritis: A Primary Study Using Blood Oxygen Level‒Dependent MR Imaging
Authors: Zheng Zhengfeng , Wang Yanyan , Yan Tiekun , Jia Junya , Li Dong , Wei Li , Shang Wenya , shi huilan
Published: July 2019

Background

Renal microstructure and function are closely associated with homeostasis of oxygenation. Analyzing renal blood oxygen level‒dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination results will provide information on the biological status of the kidneys. The current study was performed to explore the hypoxia mode of the entire renal parenchyma in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).

Methods

Twenty-three adult patients with LN and eighteen healthy volunteers were recruited. R2* values were acquired through the use of the BOLD MRI analysis technique. The narrow rectangular region of interest was used to explore the hypoxia configuration in entire depths of renal parenchyma. Acquired sequential R2* data were fitted by using four categories of mathematic functions. The tendency of R2* data in both patients with LN and healthy volunteers was also compared through the use of repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results

R2* data from the superficial cortex to deep medulla displayed two patterns, called a sharp uptrend style and a flat uptrend style. After sequential R2* data were fitted individually with the use of four mathematic formulas, the multiple-compartment Gaussian function showed the highest goodness of fit. Compared with two categories of R2* value styles, the R2* tendency of entire parenchyma in patients with LN was different from that in healthy volunteers.

Conclusions

Deep renal medullary oxygenation was not always overtly lower than oxygenation in superficial renal cortical zone. Renal parenchyma oxygenation manifestation could be described through the use of a Gaussian function model. The deoxygenation tolerance capability was damaged in patients with LN.
Hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 in childhood cancer patients and tumor cell lines
Authors: Galetzka Danuta , Böck Julia , Dittrich Marcus , Schmitt Iris , Sinizyn Olesja , Ludwig Marco , Rossmann Heidi , Spix Claudia , Scholz-Kreisel Peter , Mirsch Johanna , Linke Matthias , Prawitt Dirk , Marron Manuela , Poplawski Alicia , Haaf Thomas , Schmidberger Heinz
Published: July 2019

Background
Most childhood cancers occur sporadically and cannot be explained by an inherited mutation or unhealthy lifestyle. The prenatal origins hypothesis postulates a role for (epi)genetic mutations which occur stochastically in rapidly dividing cells. This study aims to investigate the impact of adverse methylation in tumor relevant genes in former childhood cancer patients which may be associated with an enhanced risk to develop primary secondary cancers
Methods
We performed an epimutation screen of several candidate genes (APC, CDKN2A, EFNA5, RAD9A, and TP53), in skin fibroblasts of 20 patients with a primary cancer in childhood and subsequent second primary cancer (2N), 20 matched patients with only one primary cancer in childhood (1N), 20 cancer free controls (0N) and unrelated leukemia cancer samples, using bisulfite pyrosequencing and deep bisulfite sequencing. radiation, colony formation assays, cell proliferation, PCR and molecular karyotype SNP-array, experiments were performed to further characterize RAD9A hypermethylation in fibroblasts and FaDu sub clones. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Benjamini-Hochberg procedure, the linear mixed-effects model was fit using REML and R-scripts.
Results
Four 1N patients and one 2N patient displayed elevated (10%) mean methylation levels of RAD9A intron 2. Deep bisulfite sequencing of RAD9A in these patients revealed 2% allele methylation errors (defined as alleles with >60% methylated CpGs). We found RAD9A hypermethylation in bone marrow of patients with pre-ALL (pre-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia), AML (acute myloid leukaemia), and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), and in EBV-(Epstein Barr virus) transformed lymphoblastoid cells. RAD9A methylation in fibroblasts or tumor cells (FaDu) was not affected by in vitro aging, or DNA damage induced by radiation or the chemotherapeutical daunorubicin. Molecular karyotyping of FaDu sub clones revealed a homozygous inactivation of CHD2, SPATA8 and SMARCA1, in clones with hypermethylation in RAD9A.
Conclusion
We propose that constitutive RAD9A epimutations may have arisen early in development, predisposing the compromised cells to tumorigenesis and increased childhood cancer risk. Analyses of tumor cell clones with high methylation levels of RAD9A suggest a connection between methylation levels of the RAD9A intron 2 locus and a homozygous inactivation of important genes
Downregulated miR-495-3p in colorectal cancer targets TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4 and BUB1 genes and induces cell cycle arrest
Authors: Soltani Bahram , Kabiri Farnoush , Medlej Abdallah , Saleh Ali Jason , Aghdami Nasser
Published: July 2019

• Background:

Hsa-miR-495 (miR-495) has been extensively investigated in cancer initiation and progression. On the other hand, our bioinformatics analysis suggested that miR-495 exert its effects through targeting of TGFβ signaling components.

• Methods & Results:

In order to investigate such effect, miR-495 precursor was overexpressed in HEK293T and HCT116 cells, that it was followed by downregulation of TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4 and BUB1 putative target genes, detected by RT-qPCR. Also, luciferase assay supported direct interaction of miR-495 with 3’UTR sequences of TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4 and BUB1 genes. Furthermore, a negative correlation of expression between miR-495-3p and these target genes was deduced in a set of colorectal and breast cancer cell lines. Then, flow cytometry analysis showed that the overexpression of miR-495 in HCT116 and HEK293T resulted in an arrest at the G1 phase. Consistently, western blotting analysis showed a significant reduction of the Cyclin D1 protein in the cells overexpressing miR-495, pointing to downregulation of TGFβ signaling pathway and cell cycle arrest. Finally, microarray data analysis showed that miR-495-3p is significantly downregulated in colorectal tumors, compared to the normal pairs.

• Conclusions:

Overall, results of current study introduced miR-495-3p as a cell cycle progression suppressor, which negatively regulates TGFβR1, TGFβR2, SMAD4 and BUB1 genes. This finding suggests miR-495-3p as a tumor suppressor candidate for further evaluation.
miR-145 plays a role in mitochondria dysfunction in alveolar epithelial cells in LPS-induced ARDS
Authors: Han Yi , Mu Sucheng , Wang Jianli , Wei Wei , Zhu Ming , Song Zhenju , Tong Chaoyang
Published: July 2019

Backgrounds:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes substantial mortality worldwide. Alveolar epithelium is one of the main sites of cell injury in ARDS. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that are recognized as endogenous physiological regulators of gene expression. As an important miRNA, miR-145 has been studied in various diseases, while its role in ARDS remains not investigated.
Methods:
Intratracheal instillation of LPS was used to establish ARDS model. Cytokines from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung wet/dry ratio as well as the pathological structures using H&E staining and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was evaluated; lung miR-145 mRNA expression was detected using qPCR. And further bioinformatics was focused on the target genes and possible pathways of the gene regulation.
Results:
A rat model of LPS-induced ARDS was well established by intratracheal instillation of LPS. miR-145 was down-regulated in LPS-induced ARDS lung, and mitochondria dysfunction was observed in alveolar epithelial cells in ARDS lung, most obviously at 72h after LPS. TargetScan and MirDB were used to predict the target genes of miR-145, a total of 428 overlapping genes were identified, among which, 7 genes were associated with mitochondria function. The KEGG pathways were significantly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway and RAS signaling pathway, and the GO biological process terms were mainly enriched in gene binding, signal transduction, and regulation of transcription.
Conclusions:
The current work provided evidence between miR-145 and LPS-induced ARDS. Clearly, miR-145 was down-regulated in LPS induced lung injury, and resultant had impact on its downstream genes targeting mitochondria functions through MAPK and RAS signaling pathway.
Quantifying Genotype × Environment Effects in Long‐Term Common Wheat Yield Trials from an Agroecologically Diverse Production Region
Authors: George Nicholas , Lundy Mark
Published: July 2019

Multienvironment trials (METs) are used to investigate the performance of crop genotypes. To efficiently generate reliable performance estimates, the magnitude and patterns of genotype × environment interaction (G×E) in MET data must be known. We quantified G×E in fall‐planted common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in California, with the goal of increasing the reliability and efficiency of statewide variety testing activities. Linear mixed models and the genotype main effects plus G×E interaction effects (GGE) biplot method were used to analyze MET data for 211 common wheat genotypes, the MET consisted of 9 locations and 14 seasons. The representativeness and discriminating power of the MET locations were tested, and estimates of the optimum number of test locations were made. The analyses did not find evidence for significant, repeatable, crossover G×E. The genotype and G×E effects were of a similar magnitude, and the G×E effects were relatively strong compared with other sources of variance but were dominated by seasonal effects, with potentially repeatable genotype‐by‐location (G×L) effects being relatively weak. The GGE analyses did not detect repeatable G×L patterns across seasons. As a result, we conclude that the cereal production regions of California consist of a single, but unstable, mega‐environment for common wheat grain yield. The test location evaluation found few significant differences between test locations in terms of how well they represent the target production environment. We estimate that the number of test locations could be reduced while maintaining trial accuracy, which would improve the resource use efficiency of statewide trial activities without sacrificing information about variety‐specific common wheat yield performance.
Advanced In Situ Soil Water Sampling System for Monitoring Solute Fluxes in the Vadose Zone
Authors: Reck Arne , Paton Eva , Kluge Björn
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas

The monitoring system synchronizes soil water extraction with real drainage periods.

It is remote controllable and has SMS notification in case of automated sampling initiation.

It is easy to duplicate using commonly available measuring equipment.

The system can monitor field soil solute fluxes, such as contaminant migration.

To estimate potential risks of groundwater contamination, national and international environmental legislation stipulates standard values referred to pollutant contents in the soil and more rarely referred to loads in the soil leachate. Although in situ soil leachate analysis yields more realistic drainage water quality estimates than soil contamination level–derived estimates, there is no existing standard for how to explicitly sample soil leachate for the required contaminant migration detection. The objective of this study was to overcome current limitations of soil seepage sampling for detecting a contaminant migration in the unsaturated zone by introducing a technical solution that automatically restricts soil water extraction to drainage periods using active devices such as suction cups. Sampling is triggered by a moisture threshold parameterized according to the respective soil water retention properties defining the onset of a drainage period. We tested our sampling approach on two different bioretention systems in Germany for stormwater drainage quality analysis out of the upper soil layer. We present the monitoring results of the 4‐mo testing phase containing 19 individual storm events illustrating the fundamental functioning of the in situ soil leachate sampling system under different climatic conditions. The results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of restricting soil water extraction to drainage periods by means of actual soil moisture measures and indicate a general transferability of our approach. Our approach is easily duplicable, based on the included technical description, for further studies requiring explicit soil leachate sampling and is likely to help improve the reliability of field‐monitored pollutant migration from contaminated sites.
Tightly bound water in smectites
Authors: Kuligiewicz Artur , Derkowski Arkadiusz
Published: July 2019

Smectites are able to retain molecular tightly bound water (TBW) at temperatures above 100 °C, even after prolonged drying. The presence of TBW affects the stable isotope ratios, the dehydroxylation behavior of smectites and smectite-rich samples and also has implications in measuring various properties of clay-rich rocks. Five reference smectites, in Mg-, Ca-, Na-, and Cs-exchanged forms were subjected to different drying protocols followed by the determination of TBW contents using precise thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Activation energies (Ea) of the removal of different water fractions at temperatures up to 1000 °C were determined in non-isothermal TG experiments using model-independent methods. Additionally, 4A and 13X zeolites were examined in both cases as apparent OH-free references.

After drying at 110 °C, all smectites still contained up to 3 water molecules per interlayer cation. The TBW contents in smectites were found to be primarily dependent on the isothermal drying temperature. For a given temperature, TBW contents decreased with respect to the type of interlayer cation in the following order: Mg > Ca > Na > Cs. The influence of the time of drying and the smectite layer charge were found to be negligible. The Ea of dehydration below 100 °C, as determined by the Friedman method, was quite constant within the 45–60 kJ/mol range. The Ea of TBW removal increased along with the degree of reaction from 90 to 180 kJ/mol, while the Ea of dehydroxylation was found in the 159–249 kJ/mol range, highly depending on the sample’s octahedral sheet structure and the interlayer cation. The Mg2+ cation can hold H2O molecules even beyond 550 °C, making it available during dehydroxylation or—for geologic-scale reactions—pass H2O to metamorphic conditions.

High similarities between the TBW contents and the Ea of dehydration for smectites and cationic (low Si/Al-) zeolites lead to the conclusion that TBW in smectites is remarkably similar to zeolitic water in terms of cation bonding and diffusion characteristics. The optimal drying protocol for smectites is to substitute interlayer cations with cations of a low-hydration enthalpy, such as Cs, and to dry a sample at 300 °C, provided that the sample is Fe-poor. Fe-rich smectites should be dried at 200 °C to avoid dehydroxylation that occurs below 300 °C.
Water transport by subduction: Clues from garnet of Erzgebirge UHP eclogite
Authors: Schmädicke Esther , Gose Jürgen
Published: July 2019

A key question concerning the water budget of Earth’s mantle is how much water is actually recycled into the mantle by the subduction of eclogitized oceanic crust. Hydrous phases are stable only in quartz eclogite not coesite eclogite so that water transport to greater depths is mainly governed by structural water in omphacite and garnet. Here we explore if garnet can be used as a proxy to assess the amount of this water. Available data on the water contents of garnet in coesite eclogite vary over orders of magnitude, from a few up to ca. 2000 ppm. By implication, the maximum bulk-rock water contents are unrealistically high (wt% level). New data from the Erzgebirge indicate moderate amounts of structural H2O stored in garnet (43–84 ppm), omphacite (400–820 ppm), and in the bulk coesite eclogite (ca. 280–460 ppm). Higher garnet water contents occur, but these are not primary features. They are related to molecular water in fluid inclusions that can be attributed to eclogite-facies fluid influx postdating the metamorphic peak. Fluid influx also caused the uptake of additional structural water in garnet domains close to fluid inclusions. Such secondary H2O incorporation is only possible in the case of primary water-deficiency indicating that garnet hosted less water than it was able to store. This is insofar astonishing as comparably high H2O amounts are liberated by the breakdown of prograde eclogite-facies hydrous minerals as a result of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Judging from Erzgebirge quartz eclogite, dehydration of 5–10% hydrous minerals (±equal portions of zoisite+calcic amphibole) produces 1500–3000 ppm water. We infer that the largest part of the liberated water escaped, probably due to kinetic reasons, and hydrated exhuming UHP slices in the hanging-wall. Depending on the physical conditions, water influx in eclogite during exhumation (1) produces fluid inclusions and simultaneously enhances the structural water content of nominally anhydrous minerals—as in the Erzgebirge—and/or (2) it may give rise to retrograde hydrous minerals. We conclude that eclogite transports moderate quantities of water (several hundred parts per million) to mantle depths beyond 100 km, an amount equivalent to that in ca. 1% calcic amphibole.
Origin and Distribution of Evaporite Borates: The Primary Economic Sources of Boron
Authors: Helvacı Cahit , Palmer Martin R.
Published: July 2019

Naturally occurring borates are the major economic source of boron. Borates were first used over 4,000 years ago in precious-metal working and are now essential components of modern industry. Although borates have been exploited from other sources, three minerals from non-marine evaporites now form the major commercial sources of borate – borax, colemanite and ulexite. These major commercial deposits are associated with Neogene volcanism in tectonically active extensional regions at plate boundaries. The most important continental borate provinces are located in the USA, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and China, with the largest borate reserves in the world being found in western Anatolia (Turkey).
Borate and the Origin of RNA: A Model for the Precursors to Life
Authors: Furukawa Yoshihiro , Kakegawa Takeshi
Published: July 2019

According to the RNA World hypothesis, ribonucleic acid (RNA) played a critical role in the origin of life. However, ribose, an essential component of RNA, is easily degraded: finding a way to stabilize it is critical to the viability of the hypothesis. Borate has been experimentally shown to have a strong affinity for ribose, and, thus, could have protected ribose from degradation in the formose reaction, a potential process for prebiotic ribose formation. Accumulation of borate on Hadean Earth (prior to ~4,000 Ma) might have been a key step in the chemical evolution of the biotic sugar. Proto-arcs are suggested as a geological setting sufficiently rich in borate to stabilize ribose during the Hadean.