bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation of the Interplanetary Shocks in the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Hajra Rajkumar
Published: August 2021

Observations of the solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field in the ecliptic plane by the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft are utilized to study the variation of the interplanetary shocks (with magnetosonic Mach number >1) encountered in the inner heliosphere, between ∼1 and ∼15 au from the Sun. The overwhelming majority (∼76%) of the shocks are fast forward (FF) moving at an average shock speed (V
sh) of ∼458 km s−1 away from the Sun, and only ∼24% are fast reverse (FR) shocks with an average V
sh of ∼323 km s−1 toward the Sun. About ∼89% of the shocks are quasi-perpendicular with an average shock angle (θ
Bn) of ∼72° relative to the ambient magnetic field, and only ∼11% are quasi-parallel with an average θ
Bn of ∼32°. While the interplanetary coronal mass ejections are the major (∼89%) driver of the FF shocks, a significant part (∼41%) of the FR shocks are associated with the corotating interaction regions. The shock occurrence rate, with a peak at the heliocentric distance (R

h
) of ∼5 au, exhibits a clear decrease with the increasing R

h
. While the shock strength and propagation angle do not exhibit any systematic change with R

h
, V
sh increases with the increasing R

h
at a rate of ∼11 km s−1 au−1.
Spiral Structure Boosts Star Formation in Disk Galaxies
Authors: Yu Si-Yue , Ho Luis C. , Wang Jing
Published: August 2021

We investigate the impact of spiral structure on global star formation using a sample of 2226 nearby bright disk galaxies. Examining the relationship between spiral arms, star formation rate (SFR), and stellar mass, we find that arm strength correlates well with the variation of SFR as a function of stellar mass. Arms are stronger above the star-forming galaxy main sequence (MS) and weaker below it: arm strength increases with higher

log
(
SFR

/

SFR

MS

)

, where SFRMS is the SFR along the MS. Likewise, stronger arms are associated with higher specific SFR. We confirm this trend using the optical colors of a larger sample of 4378 disk galaxies, whose position on the blue cloud also depends systematically on spiral arm strength. This link is independent of other galaxy structural parameters. For the subset of galaxies with cold gas measurements, arm strength positively correlates with H i and H2 mass fraction, even after removing the mutual dependence on

log
(
SFR

/

SFR

MS

)

, consistent with the notion that spiral arms are maintained by dynamical cooling provided by gas damping. For a given gas fraction, stronger arms lead to higher

log
(
SFR

/

SFR

MS

)

, resulting in a trend of increasing arm strength with shorter gas depletion time. We suggest a physical picture in which the dissipation process provided by gas damping maintains spiral structure, which, in turn, boosts the star formation efficiency of the gas reservoir.
Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Sleep Quality and Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Children with Cancer: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sulistyawati Erna , Allenidekania Allenidekania , Gayatri Dewi
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance affects quality of life in children receiving chemotherapy.
AIM: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the sleep quality and side effects of chemotherapy in children with cancer.
METHODS: This study used randomized clinical trial with single blind method, where 30 children were allocated randomly to the control group and intervention group. The intervention group received progressive muscle relaxation twice a day, in the morning and evening, 15 minutes each session for 7 days. Control group received routine nursing care.
RESULTS: The study concluded there was no significant difference in the two groups on fatigue and pain. However, progressive muscle relaxation had significant relation to decreased sleep quality score.
CONCLUSION: Relaxation therapy, particularly progressive muscle relaxation, may be one of the nursing cares to improve sleep quality and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy in children with cancer.
Investigation of Antidiabetogenic Effect of the Iodine-Selenium Concentrate in Animals with Chronic Alloxan Diabetes of Varying Severity
Authors: Abikenova Fatima S. , Meyramov Gabit , Zhautikova Saule , Abdikadirova Khamida , Zhienbayeva Cymbat , Talaspekova Yulia , Baryshnikova Irina , Karipova Assima , Suleimenova Bakhyt
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: The diabetogenic effect of alloxan is known is determined by ability to stimulate lipid peroxydation processes in B-cells of the pancreas.
AIM: to investigate of the possible antidiabetic action of long time prolonged of Iodine-Selenium concentrate action in rats with alloxan diabetes.
METHODS: Reproduction of experimental alloxan diabetes was carried out in rats by a single intravenous injection of alloxan 35-43 mg / kg body weight. The “iodine-selenium” concentrate was administered per os through a tube at the rate of 1.25 ml / 100 g of the concentrate. In experimental animals with mild and heavy diabetes mellitus, the level of glucose in the blood was assessed, products of LPO-AOD; the state of the histostructure of the pancreas and of insulin content in B cells were studied using of aldehyde fuchsin and diethylpseudoisocyanine methods.
RESULTS: Long time prolonged administration of the “iodine-selenium” concentrate (60 days) to animals with mild experimental diabetes mellitus is accompanied by a significant decrease in blood glucose levels by 1.89 times compared to the control (p ˂ 0.05) and of LPO within normal  values as by increase of the level of glutathione peroxidase (GPO) by 2.23 times compared with the initial (p˂ 0.01), by prevention of the development of histological changes in pancreatic islets and a slight decrease of insulin content in B-cells. Under similar experimental conditions in animals with severe alloxan diabetes, the level of glycemia significantly decreased from 20.23 ± 2.15 mmol / l to 12.39 ± 1.52 mmol / l as of the level of diene conjugates of erythrocytes and plasma, as decrease of ketodienes, MDA of plasma and in erythrocytes and primary lipid peroxidation products, while remaining elevated, despite an increase in GPO by 50.0% compared with control (p˂0.05) in the presence of histological changes in the pancreatic islets as in experimental diabetes.
 
CONCLUSION: The antidiabetic effect of the “iodine-selenium” concentrate in rats with mild alloxan diabetes on the level of glycemia, LPO - AOD and state of the histostructure of the pancreas and the content of deposited insulin in pancreatic B-cells, is probably due to antioxidant effect of selenium to stimulate activity of glutathione blocking lipid peroxide and hydrogen peroxide in alloxan diabetes mellitus.
Association between Three Variants in the PRKAA2 gene, rs2796498, rs9803799, and rs2746342, with 10-year ASCVD Risk on Newly Diagnosed T2DM in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Virginia Dita Maria , Wahyuningsih Mae Sri Hartati , Nugrahaningsih Dwi Aris Agung
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: AMPK has pivotal roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, including  AMPKa2, which PRKAA2 encodes. Metformin as an anti-hyperglycemia agent acts through AMPK. Poor glycemia control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could increase atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Therefore, PRKAA2 genetic variation might contribute to 10-year ASCVD risk in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM receiving monotherapy metformin. AIM: The study aimed to detect an association between PRKAA2 genetic variation with 10 year-ASCVD risk among newly diagnosed T2DM patients prescribed monotherapy metformin. METHODS: This present study was a case-control study involving 107 participants. Analysis of PRKAA2 genetic variation was performed using the TaqMan assay. RESULTS: A total of 91 participants who fulfilled our criteria enrolled in this study. Most of the participants were female, with mean age 54.40±7.75 years old, mean HbA1c level of 8.35±1.31%, and the lipid profile indicated normal conditions. There was a significant difference in age (p<0.01), HbA1c level (p=0.04), sex (p<0.01), and smoking status (p<0.01) between low-risk and high-risk groups. The GT genotype of rs9803799 had 187.86 times higher possibility for high-risk of 10-year ASCVD risk than TT genotype (OR=187.86, 95%CI:2.98–11863.51). The dominant model of rs9803799 showed that GT+GG had 94.33 times higher possibility for high-risk of 10-year ASCVD risk than TT genotype (OR=94.33; 95%CI:2.32–3841.21). Other results showed that G allele of rs980377 had 20.48 times higher possibility for high-risk of 10-year ASCVD risk than T allele (OR = 20.48; 95%CI:1.48–283.30). These associations were found after multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that rs9803799 as one of PRKAA2 genetic variations might impact the 10-year ASCVD risk among newly diagnosed T2DM patients receiving monotherapy metformin. After considering non-genetic factors, patient assessment should include potential genetic factors in cases with hyperglycemia involving treatment affecting glucose and lipid metabolism such as monotherapy metformin.   Keywords: PRKAA2, genetic variation, atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metformin, Indonesia
Hemodynamic Stroke in Simultaneous Cardio Cerebral Infarction: A New Term for Cardiologist
Authors: Yusuf Mochamad , Pratama Ivan Satria , Gunadi Ruth , Sani Achmad Firdaus
Published: August 2021

We report an uncommon case of simultaneous cardio-cerebral infarction, due to Inferior – right ventricle ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) with acute ischemic stroke. Incidence of cardio cerebral infarction is exceptionally rare, with an incidence rate as low as 0.009%. Hemodynamic compromise in patients with acute myocardial infarction may result in the cerebral blood flow reduction that cause hemodynamic stroke. Due to the rarity of this condition, there were no recommended therapeutics strategy. Mechanical reperfusion with PCI procedure may be a superior choice in the settings of acute cardio-cerebral infarction for restoring hemodynamic stability.
Symplectic $ {\mathbb Z}_2^n $-manifolds
Authors: Bruce Andrew James , Grabowski Janusz
Published: August 2021

Roughly speaking, \begin{document}$ {\mathbb Z}_2^n $\end{document}-manifolds are 'manifolds' equipped with \begin{document}$ {\mathbb Z}_2^n $\end{document}-graded commutative coordinates with the sign rule being determined by the scalar product of their \begin{document}$ {\mathbb Z}_2^n $\end{document}-degrees. We examine the notion of a symplectic \begin{document}$ {\mathbb Z}_2^n $\end{document}-manifold, i.e., a \begin{document}$ {\mathbb Z}_2^n $\end{document}-manifold equipped with a symplectic two-form that may carry non-zero \begin{document}$ {\mathbb Z}_2^n $\end{document}-degree. We show that the basic notions and results of symplectic geometry generalise to the 'higher graded' setting, including a generalisation of Darboux's theorem.
An Intelligent Assessment System of Teaching Competency for Pre-service Teachers Based on AHP-BP Method
Authors: Zhang Jiahua , Shi Junjie , Liu Xu , Zhou Yueliang
Published: August 2021

The Education Informatization 2.0 Action Plan issued by the Chinese Ministry of Education calls for further improvement on teachers’ teaching competency in the era of "Internet+ Education", which also brings new requirement for the training of pre-service teachers who are enrolled in university teacher education courses. This study put forward three principles to construct a new framework to assess the teaching competency for university students majoring in teacher education. Developed on the basis of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods, the assessment system included six dimensions contributed by 21 indicators. This system is supported by Back Propagation (BP) neural network and data label technology to realize intelligent assessment of teaching competency. The trial results of real data samples showed that the system could meet the requirements of large-scale assessment for Pre-service students in higher education sectors. The assessment framework could well cover pre-service teachers’ qualification standards, facilitate the assessment of their teaching competency, and provide a clear guidance for effective trainings for the pre-service teachers to meet the requirement of future teaching supported by the Internet technology.
Development of Students' Pedagogical Abilities through Socio-Psychological Training
Authors: Shakirova Araily , Romanova Galina , Vlasova Svetlana
Published: August 2021

The research is devoted to the study of the effect of socio-psychological training on the development of pedagogical abilities in rising teachers. The study involved 88 full-time five-year students of the Xxxx Academy (Moscow) and four-year students of Xxxx University (Taldykorgan). The goal was achieved based on a system of special tasks with the involvement of socio-psychological trainings. The experiment and research were carried out for 6 months. The standard devia-tion in the sample and the Student's t-test were studied for the experimental and control groups. The result of the post-test is the opposite; thus, the mean value of the experimental group is higher than that of the control group. The study re-vealed that there is a weak positive relationship between age and pedagogical abil-ities (r <0.2). The results of the study also indicate a positive correlation between gender and pedagogical abilities (r> 0.3). Thus, in accordance with the goal set, it was determined that socio-psychological training improves students' pedagogical abilities. The results of this study can be recommended to teachers of universities and training centers, as well as pedagogical students.
Using Serious Games and Video Materials in Clinical Training in Nursing and Midwifery Education
Authors: Georgieva-Tsaneva Galya Nikolova , Serbezova Ivanichka
Published: August 2021

The article presents the serious educational games and the video materials (video algorithms) as a means to improve the perception and increase the quality of education in Bulgaria of the students among the medical specialties Nurse and Midwife. The issue of creating models of serious educational games is considered. A serious educational game created with the help of the Kahoot learning platform is presented. The introduction of new technological innovations in the educational process is an important step towards the modernization of the education of today's generation of students. According to a study conducted among students, serious games and video algorithms are effective means of raising the level of education of future Nurses and Midwives. Along with traditional education, they contribute to the formation of highly effective knowledge, skills, competencies, and the acquisition of professional qualities.
Comprehensive Application of Spatial and Reasoned Thinking in Physical Education
Authors: Yang Bo
Published: August 2021

The traditional classroom teaching of physical education (PE) tends to be boring, stereotyped, and rigid; the teachers and students cannot choose between various teaching methods. Therefore, it is difficult to cultivate the creative thinking of students under the traditional model. To adapt to the needs of scientific development and modern society, it is important to explore a new PE model in combination with the knowledge in modern pedagogy, psychology, and kinesiology. This paper integrates the cultivation of spatial and reasoned thinking in PE. Specifically, the authors carried out questionnaire and field surveys on the understanding of students, teachers, and parents of PE in the primary schools of a region in China, and statistically analyzed their recognition of the PE teaching model improved in this research. The results show that: most students could adapt to the improved PE teaching model, and improve their thinking ability under that model; 89% of teachers and 72% of parents held a positive view of the improved PE teaching model. The research lays a theoretical basis for the improvement of traditional PE teaching model, and promotion of the diverse development of PE teaching.
Study and Simulation of Transporting Radio Frequency Signals over Free Space Optics for Achieving High Data Rate and Power Saving
Authors: Aameer Ibrahim Isam , Safa’a Mansour Tahreer
Published: August 2021

The remarkable technology for seamless integration of wireless and optical networks is radio frequency signals over Free Space Optics (FSO). This research study and simulation examine the design and evaluation performance of Radio Frequency over FSO (RF-FSO) wireless communication technology. These systems are implemented through medium communication link ranges to overcome excessive sensitivity of atmosphere medium and meet the requirements of a wide variety of optical wireless applications. There are two ways to achieve the application of the design mentioned above. The first way is the application of the  Three modulation schemes of technology that is Amplitude shift keying (ASK), Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) of digital modulation. The design of these modulation schemes is realized by using optiwave software to study the transmission of RF signals over the FSO channel and compare the three modulation techniques into the RF-FSO system. RF signals with the frequency range from (20 to 60) GHz is used in RF-FSO system and many carrier optical signals where the higher RF has a wider bandwidth to carrying larger information. To increase the transmission of data rates Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology is used. The second way is based on a mathematical model which has been proposed for this study. This mathematical model calculates optimal beacon period (BI), and optimal listen interval (LI) to preventing the overlapping of time between the signals and the decrease in the required power. Using different weather conditions samples, the simulation results revealed that the best performance of the RF-FSO system is from link range, and the receiver is more sensitive. The simulation results are as follows: Two independent channels are transmitted 20 Gbps over ranges from (263 m to 6.55 km), while four channels are transmitted 40 Gbps over ranges from (257 m to 5.95 km), and eight independent channels transmit 80 Gbps over distance from (203 m to 5.2 km)
Fostering Computational Thinking and Creativity in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Glezou Katerina V.
Published: August 2021

This chapter focuses on the design and implementation of coding, programming, and robotics activities in real-world classroom conditions in early childhood education that foster computational thinking and creativity. The study extends the author's experience in designing learning environments through experimentation, exploration, expression, construction, meaning negotiation, and collaboration. The author tries to gain further insight into the potential of implementing unplugged activities, robotics systems, and programming environments in the context of multi-disciplinary, hands-on activities. Using a variety of tools, strategies, and methods as well as qualitative approaches employed in case studies of classroom practice during Afternoon Robotics Club courses, the findings highlight the overall process indicating some special features that contribute to or cause difficulty in the formation of an effective learning experience. Special issues of interest, key aspects, solutions, and recommendations, as well as future research directions, are discussed.
Teaching Formation to Develop Computational Thinking
Authors: Condori Klinge Orlando Villalba
Published: August 2021

In order to develop computational thinking, it is essential to modify the initial training of teachers, that is to say, to restructure the curricula of the faculties or professional schools of education in any field or context it is going to be possible to identify areas of basic or general training and areas of specialized training. As well as reading or writing, computer thinking is currently essential because its application in any professional context is necessary.
Analyzing Current Visual Tools and Methodologies of Computer Programming Teaching in Primary Education
Authors: Altiok Serhat , Yükseltürk Erman
Published: August 2021

In our age, computational thinking that involves understanding human behavior and designing systems for solving problems is important as much as reading, writing and arithmetic for everyone. Computer programming is one of the ways that could be promote the process of developing computational thinking, in addition to developing higher-order thinking skills such as problem solving, critical and creative thinking skills etc. However, instead of focusing on problems and sub-problems, algorithms, or the most effective and efficient solution, focusing on programming language specific needs and problems affects the computational thinking process negatively. Many educators use different tools and pedagogical approaches to overcome these difficulties such as, individual work, collaborative work and visual programming tools etc. In this study, researchers analyze four visual programming tools (Scratch, Small Basic, Alice, App Inventor) for students in K-12 level and three methodologies (Project-based learning, Problem-based learning and Design-based learning) while teaching programming in K-12 level. In summary, this chapter presents general description of visual programming tools and pedagogical approaches, examples of how each tool can be used in programming education in accordance with the CT process and the probable benefits of these tools and approaches to explore the practices of computational thinking.
How to Integrate Emotions in Dialogues With Pedagogic Conversational Agents to Teach Programming to Children
Authors: Morales-Urrutia Elizabeth Katalina , Ocaña Jose Miguel , Pérez-Marín Diana
Published: August 2021

Pedagogic conversational agents are interactive systems that allow students to dialogue with them about a certain domain to learn. PCAs have been used in multiple domains from pre-primary education to university, in roles such as teacher, student, or companion. In this chapter, Alcody, a PCA to teach programming to children, is enhanced with a new proposal to manage emotions in the dialogue with students. The goal is that when children are learning to program, Alcody can help them with the emotions associated to the learning. Six emotions have been integrated into Alcody: happiness, anger, sadness, fear, surprise, and disgust. A description of how a PCA to teach programming can modify its face and verbal expressions according to the emotion detected in the student. This is given for any other researcher that would like to incorporate emotions in dialogues between PCAs and students.
Learning from Programming Robots
Authors: Yanik H. Bahadir , Kurz Terri L. , Memis Yasin
Published: August 2021

Oftentimes, elementary students are not provided with rich, investigative lessons that support computation thinking (CT) and critical analysis through the use of tools. The purpose of this study was to explore how programming educational robotics (ERs) support third grade gifted students' CT skills in the context of Taxicab geometry focusing on data processing abilities and time estimation skills. Using qualitative case study methodology, data were gathered though classroom interviews, observations and document analyses. Results indicated that ERs provided students with opportunities for both learning programming in early grades and applying mathematical knowledge and skills through a meaningful task that supported content commonly emphasized in mathematics. Specifically, there was growth in student understanding in terms of abstraction, decomposition, algorithmic thinking, evaluation, and generalization. The findings also suggested that working with ERs supported students' estimation and data processing skills. Implications are provided for the integration of ERs as a tool for primary gifted students' learning of mathematics in technology-mediated environments emphasizing CT.
Learning Computational Thinking Development in Young Children With Bee-Bot Educational Robotics
Authors: Papadakis Stamatios , Kalogiannakis Michail
Published: August 2021

It is widely known that when used intentionally and appropriately, technology and interactive media are effective tools to support learning and development. In recent years, there has been a push to introduce coding and computational thinking in early childhood education, and robotics is an excellent tool to achieve this. This chapter presents some results obtained in the development of a learning experience in computational thinking using Bee-Bot educational robotics. The experience involved 47 preschoolers of a kindergarten in Crete, Greece during the period 2019-2020. The study reports statistically significant learning gains between the initial and final assessment of children's computational thinking skills. It was found that children in the treatment group who engaged in the robotic curricular intervention performed better on CT tests. This finding shows that an enhanced teaching experience using robots was beneficial for improving young children's computational thinking skills. The implications for designing appropriate curricula using robots for kindergarteners are addressed.
Improving Water Efficiency in the Beverage Industry With the Internet of Things
Authors: Jagtap Sandeep , Skouteris George , Choudhari Vilendra , Rahimifard Shahin
Published: August 2021

The food and beverage industry is one of the most water-intensive industries, with water required for various processes (e.g., washing, cooking, cleaning) at almost every stage of the production, as well as being a key constituent in many food and drink products. Therefore, a real-time efficient water management strategy is imperative, and the novel internet of things (IoT)-based technologies can be of significant help in developing it. This chapter presents the architecture of an IoT-based water-monitoring system followed by the demonstration of a case study of a beverage factory wherein the monitoring system helped understand the detailed water usage as well as finding solutions and addressing overconsumption of water during the manufacturing processes. The successful deployment of IoT helped reduce the annual water consumption by 6.7%, monitor water usage in real-time, and improve it.
5G in Healthcare
Authors: Prakash Vijay , Garg Lalit , Camilleri Luke , Curmi Joseph , Camilleri Darren
Published: August 2021

5G is a new universal wireless standard, a new form of mobile network engineered to bring everyone and everything virtually together. 5G is not only for mobile phones, but it is also the foundation for virtual reality (VR), the internet of things (IoT), and autonomous driving, connecting many electronic devices to the internet. Having good healthcare is very important as it affects all parts of human life and social well-being. Moreover, it is crucial to have a great healthcare system if we want economic growth, workforce productivity, and society to advance. Despite all the hard work done by scientists and medical professionals, today's healthcare is mainly inefficient, and a significant overhaul is required. This chapter discusses the primary advantages, including the 5G's main features in healthcare and their limitations and probable solutions and applications to the latest scenario.
High-Speed Connectivity
Authors: Prakash Vijay , Garg Lalit , Azzopardi Jack , Camilleri Thomas
Published: August 2021

Since the early 1990s, there has been a lot of enthusiasm for using high-speed connectivity to develop local community links through education, employment possibilities, fostering community events, and enhancing overall sociability within a local region. 5G is the 5th iteration of a broadband network operating on cellular systems. 5G is not only for mobile phones, but it is also the foundation for virtual reality (VR); the internet of things (IoT); and autonomous transport, immersive services, and public infrastructure; and connecting many electronic devices to the internet. In this chapter, first, the authors have discussed the evolution of 1G network to 6G networks by focussing on its potential impact on the quality of life. Further, 5G applications in IoT, autonomous transport, immersive services, and public infrastructure have been discussed. Then the chapter discusses popular advantages, limitations in the current technologies, implementations, and future perspective.
Comparative Analysis of Various Types of Control Techniques for Wind Energy Conversion System
Authors: Ganthia Bibhu Prasad , Barik Subrat Kumar , Nayak Byamakesh
Published: August 2021

The interest towards renewable energy has been enhanced due to zero pollutant emission. Considering the present scenario, wind as a renewable source of energy is highly recommended. As it is freely available and free from pollution, wind can effectively play a role for energy generation. This can produce quality power during grid integrations as the load demands. Due to rapid variations in wind speed, wind energy systems need highly synchronized and powerful controller techniques for power regulations to overcome transients, voltage sags, and swells. A suitable and responsive controller is essential for power generation from wind energy. The controllers for wind energy system are categorized into five controller designs according to their locations to control the demand of the turbine system during grid integrations. In this chapter, various controller designs and implementations are highlighted with reference to previous works and existing studies.
Enhanced Symbiotic Organisms Search and Hydrological Cycle Algorithms for Real Power Loss Diminution and Voltage Stability Enhancement
Authors: Kanagasabai Lenin
Published: August 2021

In this chapter, enhanced symbiotic organisms search (ESOS) algorithm and hydrological cycle (HC) algorithm are projected to solve factual power loss lessening problem. Symbiotic search algorithm is based on the actions between two different organisms in the ecosystem: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Exploration procedure has been initiated arbitrarily, and each organism indicates a solution with fitness value. Quasi-oppositional-based learning and chaotic local search have been applied to augment the performance of the algorithm. In this work, hydrological cycle (HC) algorithm has been utilized to solve the optimal reactive power problem. It imitates the circulation of water form land to sky and vice versa. Only definite number of water droplets is chosen for evaporation, and it is done through roulette-wheel selection method. In the condensation stage, water drops move closer, combine, and also collusion occurs as the temperature decreases.
Power Analysis Using Various Types of Wind Turbines
Authors: Ganthia Bibhu Prasad , Mohanty Monalisa , Maherchandani Jai Kumar
Published: August 2021

This chapter highlights on the design, operation, and comparative analysis of different types of wind turbine systems with respect to steady state and transient phenomenal activities under rapid wind speed variations. Here, Type I, which is fixed speed induction generator based, and Type II, which is DFIG based, variable speed operated systems are initially compared. In the next part, Type III wind turbine system is presented, which uses DFIG; later, it is compared with the Type IV WT system, which uses permanent magnet synchronous generator. This chapter provides a comparative overview on existing wind power systems including an analytic discussion of key principles and innovations for wind turbines. In this energy conversion system, various designs of wind turbines, pitch angle controlled based variable speed wind turbines governed by help of electronic power converters, were preferred. This scope of dynamic simulation-based study is implemented using MATLAB Simulink to convey the feasibility of the proposed wind turbine models.
Racial Trauma-Informed Pedagogy Strategies for Educational Professionals
Authors: Hisle Nena
Published: August 2021

In order to address the racial trauma that teens who are Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) may face at home, and potentially experience in school, educational professionals must equip themselves with the specialized skills to meet students' academic, emotional, and social needs. School leaders must begin this task by examining their own personal racial biases as they lead their staff in the task of reviewing data, rules, policies, and the school environment to examine practices that support and promote institutional and systemic racism.
The Intersectionality of Race and Trauma in Children and Teens Who Are Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC)
Authors: Hisle Nena
Published: August 2021

Children in America are suffering from an abundance of trauma that many bring to school with them daily. Children, teens, and their families, who are Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC), may have experienced historical racial trauma which is unique to students of color. Professionals working with students of color (SOC) must develop cultural competency around racial trauma in their understanding of trauma informed pedagogy to meet the needs of student populations that are becoming increasingly diverse. The overall purpose of this chapter is to provide professionals working with BIPOC children and teens the necessary skills to meet their needs.
Reducing Mass Incarceration Through Trauma-Informed Pedagogy
Authors: Alexander-Ashley Belinda Marie
Published: August 2021

This chapter outlines strategies and practices that align with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's trauma-informed approach applied to school pedagogy in the United States to minimize or prevent trauma, especially for students referred to the school-to-prison pipeline, consequently reducing mass incarceration. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the United States' health crisis exposed a vulnerability for people of color, poorer communities, and those incarcerated, stressing a need to respond expediently to address trauma in marginalized communities. The Adverse Childhood Experiences Connection referred to childhood trauma as “America's hidden health crisis.” Focusing on trauma for school-aged youth offers a path to preventing or minimizing trauma. Research suggests that more robust, multidisciplinary research, with an intentional purpose to transform teacher practices and responses to disciplinary conduct, is needed.
An Effective Video Surveillance System by using CNN for COVID-19
Authors: Mallikarjuna Basetty , D. J. Anusha , M. Sethu Ram , Sabharwal Munish
Published: August 2021

An effective video surveillance system is a challenging task in the COVID-19 pandemic. Building a model proper way of wearing a mask and maintaining the social distance minimum six feet or one or two meters by using CNN approach in the COVID-19 pandemic, the video surveillance system works with the help of TensorFlow, Keras, Pandas, which are libraries used in Python programming scripting language used in the concepts of deep learning technology. The proposed model improved the CNN approach in the area of deep learning and named as the Ram-Laxman algorithm. The proposed model proved to build the optimized approach, the convolutional layers grouped as ‘Ram', and fully connected layers grouped as ‘Laxman'. The proposed system results convey that the Ram-Laxman model is easy to implement in the CCTV footage.
Accessibility and Usability Evaluation of Digital Library Article Pages
Authors: Menekse Dalveren Gonca Gokce , Peker Serhat
Published: August 2021

This study aims to present an exploratory study about the accessibility and usability evaluation of digital library article pages. For this purpose, four widely known digital libraries (DLs), namely Science Direct, Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineering Xplore, Association for Computing Machinery, and SpringerLink, were examined. In the first stage, article web interfaces of these selected DLs were analyzed based on standard web guidelines using automatic evaluation tools to assess their accessibility. In the second stage, to evaluate the usability of these web interfaces, eye-tracking experiments with 30 participants were conducted. Obtained results of the analysis show that article pages of digital libraries are not of free of accessibility and usability problems. Overall, this study highlights accessibility and usability problems of digital library article interfaces, and these findings can provide the feedback to web developers in making their article pages more accessible and usable for their users.
Evaluating Accessibility and Usability of Airline Websites
Authors: Akgül Yakup
Published: August 2021

The website has become a crucial part of digitalization. In recent years, the airline sector has shifted to online platforms in order to expand its client base and provide consumers with timely information and services. Usability and accessibility are essential aspects of web quality that influence consumer acquisition and retention. As a result, the purpose of this study is to assess the quality of Turkish airline websites. The website is assessed based on its accessibility, usability, and readability utilizing online automated techniques. Finally, internet tools are used to assess the mobile-friendliness of websites. According to the findings, none of the Turkish airline websites meet the WCAG 2.0 accessibility criteria and have severe usability problems.
Humorous Presence in Online Learning
Authors: Ritter Gary
Published: August 2021

Online learning is an established and growing segment of higher education. Instructors, instructional designers, and leadership should focus on establishing instructor and social presence to overcome student feelings of isolation and boredom which can lead to disengagement and have negative effects on learning. The use of humor is an effective tool to combine with instructor presence to help improve student engagement, satisfaction, and memory retention. This chapter will review recent literature on the subjects of instructor presence, boredom, and humor and make recommendations for its use.
Engaging and Authentic Education Practices
Authors: MacTaggart Ryan , Decker Derek
Published: August 2021

This chapter is an argument for and celebration of lessons learned during the pandemic of 2020 toward the end of designing authentic and engaging learning experiences across education systems. In the forced shift to online and multimodal learning, educators and students experienced challenges of access, equity, and low engagement. However, there is an opportunity to extrapolate the lessons of 2020 for the betterment of education into the future. This chapter describes lessons pertaining to planning and collaboration, classroom environment, humanized online practices, as well as empowering pedagogy. The chapter concludes with three practical application examples for further thought and inspiration. The pandemic year can be one to survive and never think about again or, with the proper perspective, education's greatest learning moment.
Curriculum Design for Digital Delivery and Readiness for Emergency Pivot
Authors: Valente Deanna
Published: August 2021

In March of 2020, the world came to a screeching halt due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Without any warning, businesses big and small were closed, elementary schools and high schools ordered to shut down, and colleges and universities urged to move all in-person classes to online. This chapter explores the curriculum design for digital delivery and readiness for an emergency pivot.
Spread of COVID-19 and Its Main Modes of Transmission
Authors: El Baz Soraia , Draoui Ahmed , Echchakery Mohamed , Lopez-Gonzalez del Rey Natalia , Chgoura Karima
Published: August 2021

The coronaviruses group can affect mammals, including humans, causing generally mild infectious disorders, sporadically leading to severe outbreak clusters, such as those generated by SARS-CoV in 2003 and by MERS-CoV in 2012 and in 2015. The current coronavirus outbreak started December 29th, 2019 in Wuhan (Republic of China) and has progressively expanded to various parts of the world. A human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 occurs directly through individuals showing symptoms. But, recent researches support the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from persons who are asymptomatic. Indirect transmission occurs via touching infected surfaces or through inhalation of small, exhaled virus in respiratory droplets. To effectively fight the spread of COVID-19, it is vital to understand the different factors that promote superspreading of COVID-19. So, the aim of this chapter is to describe the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 in the human body and the different modes of transmission (directly and indirectly).
Liver Injury in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Balzano Tiziano , El Hiba Omar , López-González del Rey Natalia , El Amine Souad , Smimih Kamal
Published: August 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) preferentially infects cells in the respiratory tract, but several studies have also demonstrated low levels of SARS-CoV-2 copies in the liver. The hypothesis that patients with COVID-19 may develop liver dysfunction is supported by findings showing abnormal liver test results in such patients, but the exact mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 induces liver damage remain unclear. Liver injury in COVID-19 patients has probably a multifactorial etiology including the rapid onset of a systemic pro-inflammatory state due to viral infection, the use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs, pneumonia-associated hypoxia, and the eventual direct injury of the liver by SARS-CoV-2. This chapter will discuss the potential pathophysiological mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 hepatic tropism and an overview about the main biochemical and histopathological findings observed in liver from COVID-19 patients. Finally, the effects that this infection can produce in patients with chronic liver disease will be also discussed.
Effects of Training and Motivation Practices on Performance and Task Efficiency
Authors: Abas Hjh Siti Noradi Hidayati Hj , Yussof Hjh Noorhidayatul Hafizah Hj Md , Yusra Fatin Nuramarina , Idris Pg Siti Rozaidah Pg Hj
Published: August 2021

This paper solely focuses on the two Brunei halal meat slaughterhouses and offers suggestions on how these findings can translate into considerations for the halal industry in Brunei. In Islamic law, dhabīḥah is the prescribed method of ritual slaughter of all lawful halal animals. This method of slaughtering lawful animals has several conditions to be fulfilled. This method requires proper training and mindset in order to be carried out correctly. This research is explorative using qualitative primary data collection through the use of interviews. The participants comprise slaughterhouse employees using a purposive sampling method. The intent is that this research adds to the body of literature seeking to understand the complexities of training and motivation in meat slaughterhouses and offer insight on the complexities between training, motivation, and performance. It also identifies how differences in organisational structure can impact the approach to the training and employee motivation approaches.
Examining the Trust-Based Consumer Decision-Making Model for Online Purchases in Pakistan
Authors: Shah Syed Afzal Moshadi , Jadoon Muhammad Shujjah-Ul-Islam , Tahir Muhammad , Anwar Jamil
Published: August 2021

This paper empirically examines the trust-based consumer decision-making model in the context of a collectivist country (i.e., Pakistan). The target population of the study was the general retail consumers recruited through online survey. A total of 396 valid responses were analyzed using structural equation modeling in Smart PLS. The study reports average variance extracted, composite reliability, Cronbach alpha, and path coefficients. The results confirm that trust and benefits are positively associated with purchase intention while perceived risk is negatively associated with consumer trust. The study also reports some unique findings like information quality is found positively associated with both trust and perceived risk. Also perceived privacy protection is found negatively associated with trust and positively with risk. The study lays down a foundation for subsequent studies to further explore the phenomena. The study is the first of its kind that has examined this model in Pakistan and proposes some useful theoretical, practical, and policy-making implications.
Analyzing Healthcare Data Using Water Wave Optimization-Based Clustering Technique
Authors: Kaur Arvinder , Kumar Yugal
Published: August 2021

The medical informatics field gets wide attention among the research community while developing a disease diagnosis expert system for useful and accurate predictions. However, accuracy is one of the major medical informatics concerns, especially for disease diagnosis. Many researchers focused on the disease diagnosis system through computational intelligence methods. Hence, this paper describes a new diagnostic model for analyzing healthcare data. The proposed diagnostic model consists of preprocessing, diagnosis, and performance evaluation phases. This model implements the water wave optimization (WWO) algorithm to analyze the healthcare data. Before integrating the WWO algorithm in the proposed model, two modifications are inculcated in WWO to make it more robust and efficient. These modifications are described as global information component and mutation operator. Several performance indicators are applied to assess the diagnostic model. The proposed model achieves better results than existing models and algorithms.
Using Denotational Mathematics for the Formal Description of Home UbiHealth Decision-Support Systems With Knowledge Flow
Authors: Vagelatos Aristides , Sarivougioukas John
Published: August 2021

Home UbiHealth applications require support from decision-making and decision-support components. The decision process must possess a holistic perspective about the individual's healthcare condition and needs at home. Also, it shall consider and evaluate the available data, producing cognitive intelligence through appropriate processing. The present work describes a model for decision-making and decision-support in UbiHealth environments based on denotational mathematics. The decision-making component of the model provides the necessary actions to handle the connected devices. The decision-support component suggests actions to the user (physician). The decisions are drawn from a simulated operation of cooperating and co-existing semantic networks. The model is thoroughly described, and its positive impact is explained for all participating stakeholders including medical professionals, patients, information technology scientists, and technical personnel.
Security Framework for Tuberculosis Health Data Interoperability Through the Semantic Web
Authors: Lima Vinicius Costa , Pellison Felipe Carvalho , Bernardi Filipe Andrade , Alves Domingos , Rijo Rui Pedro Charters Lopes
Published: August 2021

One of the critical challenges in health information systems is interoperability. The clinical, strategic, and operational decision depends on quality data and the ability to exchange data inter-systems and inter-health organizations. The Semantic Web plays a cornerstone role as a technology to enable functional and semantic interoperability without substantial changes in existing systems and to improve data sharing capabilities and, consequently, its quality and completeness. However, a common concern is data security. In this context, this research proposes a framework for securing health data, with a real case scenario focused on tuberculosis data exchange over the Semantic Web. The needs of security for the Semantic Web were satisfied, helping to build trust in the data and promoting its use in contexts that were not initially created to openly disseminate data without a significant technological apparatus.