bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
4D GIS FOR MONITORING RIVER BANK EROSION AT MEANDER BEND SCALE: CASE OF MOSELLE RIVER
Authors: Koehl M. , Piasny G. , Thomine V. , Garambois P.-A. , Finaud-Guyot P. , Guillemin S. , Schmitt L.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The "Wild Moselle" regional nature reserve extends over 13 km at the western foothills of the Vosges Mountains (France). The hydrological regime of the river is characterized by high flow in winter and spring and low flow in summer. Its average slope is 0.12 % and its average bankfull width is 60 m. The coarse sediment load comes mainly from bank erosion. Although this sector is relatively less affected by past or present human activities, the propagation of morphodynamic adjustments initiated by actions carried out both upstream and downstream of this sector impacts the current functioning of the river. These erosion waves converge today towards the central part of the reserve, which led to the collapse of the central pier of the Bainville-aux-Miroirs bridge during a 2-year flood in 2011, and could induce potential risks of defluviation which may destabilize infrastructures. In this context, the study carried out aims to characterize and anticipate the morphodynamic evolutions of the Moselle to be able to propose scenarios of management and restoration of the lateral mobility of the river. For this purpose, a 2D hydro-sedimentary model is being built over the entire reserve, combined with a detailed morpho-sedimentary monitoring. In order to improve the understanding of the lateral migration of the Moselle River, a photogrammetric monitoring was carried out along the concave bank of the most active meander of the studied sector. To follow this morphological evolution more closely, it was decided to establish a 4D GIS. The objective of this monitoring is to compare the rate of bank retreat with hydrodynamic parameters in order to estimate the geotechnical properties of the bank. Comparison of the observed and modelled bank retreat must thus allow these different parameters to be calibrated in the hydro-sedimentary model. As part of this work, this paper aims to highlight the use of 4D GIS to monitor bank retreat at the scale of a meander bend and is divided into three different parts: (i) a state of art to situate the study into the current knowledge and technologies, (ii) a presentation of the study area and the measurements carried out and (iii) a description of the different 3D or 4D data produced and the consequent spatial analyses.
Hydromechanical processes and their influence on the stimulation effected volume: observations from a decameter-scale hydraulic stimulation project
Authors: Krietsch Hannes , Gischig Valentin S. , Doetsch Joseph , Evans Keith F. , Villiger Linus , Jalali Mohammadreza , Valley Benoît , Löw Simon , Amann Florian
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Six hydraulic shearing experiments have been conducted in the framework of
the In-situ Stimulation and Circulation experiment within a decameter-scale
crystalline rock volume at the Grimsel Test Site, Switzerland. During each
experiment fractures associated with one out of two shear zone types were
hydraulically reactivated. The two shear zone types differ in terms of
tectonic genesis and architecture. An extensive monitoring system of sensors
recording seismicity, pressure and strain was spatially distributed in
11 boreholes around the injection locations. As a result of the
stimulation, the near-wellbore transmissivity increased up to 3 orders
in magnitude. With one exception, jacking pressures were unchanged by the
stimulations. Transmissivity change, jacking pressure and seismic activity
were different for the two shear zone types, suggesting that the shear zone
architectures govern the seismo-hydromechanical response. The elevated
fracture fluid pressures associated with the stimulations propagated mostly
along the stimulated shear zones. The absence of high-pressure signals away
from the injection point for most experiments (except two out of six
experiments) is interpreted as channelized flow within the shear zones. The
observed deformation field within 15–20 m from the injection point is
characterized by variable extensional and compressive strain produced by
fracture normal opening and/or slip dislocation, as well as stress
redistribution related to these processes. At greater distance from the
injection location, strain measurements indicate a volumetric compressive
zone, in which strain magnitudes decrease with increasing distance. These
compressive strain signals are interpreted as a poro-elastic far-field
response to the emplacement of fluid volume around the injection interval.
Our hydromechanical data reveal that the overall stimulation effected
volume is significantly larger than implied by the seismicity cloud and can
be subdivided into a primary stimulated and secondary effected zone.
Conocimientos y habilidades para el Trabajo Social ocupacional: desafíos para la formación y el ejercicio profesional en esta área
Authors: Miranda Sánchez Paula , Guerra Aburto Liliana , Calderón Orellana Magdalena Pilar , Cornejo Torres Rayen
Published: September 2020

El Trabajo Social Ocupacional (TSO) se posiciona como un campo de acción profesional que se puede reconocer desde los orígenes de la disciplina de Trabajo Social. Es un espacio vigente en el ejercicio contemporáneo de la profesión, aun cuando no existe una conceptualización clara y posee un limitado desarrollo académico. Partiendo de esta premisa, en este artículo se indaga en los conocimientos y habilidades esenciales para el ejercicio del Trabajo Social ocupacional, articulando las perspectivas de profesionales del Trabajo Social, directivos de empresas y organizaciones públicas y representantes gremiales de empleadores y de trabajadores/as. A través de una metodología cualitativa, se comprendieron las demandas de habilidades y conocimientos que son específicos para el caso chileno, reconociendo sus similitudes y diferencias con otros contextos. A partir de estos resultados se presentan desafíos y líneas futuras de investigación.
Aportes de la producción escrita para pensar la afro-reparación en los procesos de transición política en Colombia
Authors: Cruz Castillo Alba Lucía
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo es el resultado de la construcción de un estado del arte dentro del proceso de investigación doctoral en Educación y Sociedad, con un ejercicio de revisión documental cuyo propósito es ubicar las iniciativas de colectivos de las mujeres víctimas en la generación de propuestas en el marco de la reparación colectiva, dentro de la Ley 1448 de Víctimas y Restitución de tierra de 2011 actualmente vigente. El estado del arte logra dimensionar las propuestas de las mujeres víctimas que han puesto especial énfasis en afirmar que debe ser valorado, visibilizado y politizado el daño a las comunidades afrocolombianas. De igual manera, debe reconocerse el entramado cultural de las poblaciones negras y, en especial, el uso de los saberes ancestrales en la vida y el significado de la vida cotidiana, pues es un escenario de conocimiento popular que, a la vez, es un campo de formación política, desde una perspectiva de lo étnico que da sentido a los procesos de sanación en las dimensiones simbólica, sustantiva y operativa y que, a su vez, reafirma sus procesos identitarios.
Entre Entre lo disciplinar y lo multidisciplinar: nuevas tensiones en la formación de los futuros trabajadores sociales
Authors: Quinteros Flores Christian Andrés
Published: September 2020

Algunas preguntas sobre la que invitamos a reflexionar son: ¿Cómo resolverán las profesiones más tradicionales y poderosas esta “obligación” de abrirse a enfoques interdisciplinarios? o ¿Cómo resolverán las profesiones más abiertas a lo interdisciplinario-como es el caso de Trabajo social- la mantención de su identidad y cierre de campo?, ¿En cuánto impactará este tipo de exigencias academicistas en la definición especifica de los limites disciplinares del Trabajo Social como cuerpo de conocimientos propios y que debe velar por sus cierres de campo históricamente construidos? y finalmente ¿Cómo resolverán los actores encargados de este tipo de controles, léase universidades y colegios o gremios profesionales esta tensión?
Literature as Miscreant Justice: Benjamin and Scholem Debate Kafka's Law
Authors: Moran Brendan
Published: September 2020

Walter Benjamin is interested in the motif of the miscreant, the “Missetäter,” in art and literature. This miscreance exercises a justice that surpasses conclusiveness. The justice of literature is, according to Benjamin's writings on Franz Kafka, its attentiveness to what otherwise would simply be condemned or disregarded. This exercise of study is the miscreant justice of literature. Benjamin has difficulties with the notion, urged upon him by his friend Gershom Scholem, that the exercise of study in Kafka's literature is guided by a law of law—Halakhah—and by a correlative teaching. Benjamin tends to suggest that the principal force of Kafka's literature is a miscreant Vorwelt—the physically felt “world” before any humanly constituted world. This Vorwelt knows no law and barely, if at all, indulges notions of a teaching. It exercises rather the miscreant justice of preserving ignorance that impels study against claims to know already the way.
Face-to-Face, but Behind a Veil of Ignorance: A Levinasian Analysis of Rawls's Political Conception
Authors: Coate Matthew
Published: September 2020

The works of John Rawls and Emmanuel Levinas are rarely discussed together. In this essay, however, I engage with the work of both in order to resolve an unresolved difficulty facing each of their accounts, namely, that Levinas's analyses apparently have no concrete relevance for normative, and especially political, theory; and that Rawls is unable to achieve his ultimate goal in Political Liberalism, which is to show how a liberal political conception can be more-or-less universally affirmed by most people today. I resolve the first of these difficulties by showing how Levinas's analyses can help us solve the second.
Correlation of Wells Score, Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, Fibrinogen and D-Dimer Levels with Doppler Ultrasonography in Suspected Deep Vein Thrombosis Patients
Authors: Alasiry Erny , Benyamin Andi Fachruddin , Saleh Sahyuddin , Bakri Syakib , Ilyas Muhammad , Kasim Hasyim , Mapangara Idar , Seweng Arifin
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/AIM: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occur from formation of blood clots in the veins, which are mostly composed of fibrin and red blood cells with a small component of leukocytes and platelets. Most VTE manifests as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). The lack of availability of Doppler ultrasound in health facilities especially in remote areas, makes the diagnosis of DVT challenging. There for, history taking, physical examination and laboratory findings are very important in diagnosing DVT especially in those area where Doppler ultrasound unavailable. Based on this we study the correlation Wells scores, Prothrombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Fibrinogen, and D-Dimer levels with the findings on Doppler ultrasound in patients with suspected DVT in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar.

METHOD: The study was conducted in Department of Internal Medicine, Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar from 2018 to 2019. Subjects were inpatients in Department of Internal Medicine with DVT suspicion. Wells scores, PT, APTT, Fibrinogen, D-Dimer levels and Doppler ultrasound results of all subjects were recorded and then analyzed. The patient is DVT positive if confirmed by Doppler Ultrasonography. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive statistical calculations and frequency distribution as well as the Independent-t statistical test, Chi Square test and Fisher Exact test.

RESULTS: Among 38 subject, 24 were men (63.2%) and 14 were women (36.8%). We found higher Wells score, shortened PT and APTT, increased fibrinogen in subject with positive Doppler ultrasound, without a significant correlation. A significant correlation was found between increased D-Dimer levels positive Doppler ultrasound results (79.4%, p = 0.048). When Wells score is added with analysis a significant correlation was also found (80.6%, p = 0.044).

CONCLUSION: A significant correlation was found between increased D-Dimer levels positive Doppler ultrasound results (79.4%, p = 0.048). When Wells score is added with analysis a significant correlation was also found (80.6%, p = 0.044).
Entrepreneurial challenges of Albanian agribusinesses: A content analysis
Authors: Kruja Alba Demneri
Published: September 2020

Agribusiness is seen as a driver of social and economic health. Indeed, analysing the entrepreneurial phenomena in the context of agribusiness sector would be appropriate, as entrepreneurial orientation would provide an instrument to be competitive in the market and foster their performance. Face to face interviews were conducted with 44 representatives of 3 key actors in the of entrepreneurial value formation process of agribusiness sector in Albania. Study results show that collaborativeness among industry-government-academia is essential for the sustainability and prosperity of agribusiness sector. The research proposes collaborativeness as a dimension of the entrepreneurial orientation construct.
Der Logos
Authors: Gumbrecht Hilmar
Published: September 2020

Logos = Word? This traditional translation at the beginning of the Gospel of John falls short. In 500 BC, early Greek thinker Heraclitus defined Logos as the universal basic principle that creates and guides everything. It marks the ancient Greek path "From Myth to Logos" and thus the first enlightenment in Europe.

John the Evangelist took up this idea and thus invited his philosophically educated Greek contemporaries to read his gospel. This in turn is an indicator of the fundamental interweaving of the New Testament with Greek culture. Conceived as ultimate meaning and supreme reason, the Logos term broadens our horizon even today and helps us rediscover the Bible.
Not So Skeptical
Authors: Gould Allison ,   Ball State University
Published: September 2020

In this essay, I look at two skeptical accounts of empathy that argue against our ability to imagine what it is like to be someone else but present alternative solutions to accomplish the same sort of human understanding. I will demonstrate how these solutions can encompass the imaginative process cattle-equipment-designer Temple Grandin describes undergoing while trying to imagine what it is like to be a cow. I then argue that Grandin’s exercise is a successful imagination of the other and because she uses the approaches described to achieve this, the accounts are not actually skeptical, and policymakers ought to adopt these sorts of practices.
Let’s Talk About the Birds, Not the Bees
Authors: Gecewicz Grace ,   Ball State University
Published: September 2020

Just as math and history classes aim to prepare students to do math and history well, sex education must prepare students to participate in good sex that contributes to their overall flourishing. I reject David Archard’s autonomy-centered view of sex education because it fails to address deeply ingrained social inequalities. I deny Paula McAvoy’s mutuality-centered view of sex education because mutuality and consent are not sufficient for good sex. I draw on Quil Kukla’s work on sexual negotiation and claim that for sex to be good, we must engage in communicative sex that goes beyond consent. Therefore, sex education should not only instruct students how to avoid bad sex, but also enable students to participate in good sex that contributes to their overall flourishing.
We Don’t Know We Have Hands and It’s Fine
Authors: Janssens Nicolien ,   Ball State University
Published: September 2020

Based on the brain in a vat thought experiment, skeptics argue that we cannot have certain knowledge. At the same time, we do have the intuition that we know some things with certainty. A way to justify this intuition is given by semantic contextualists who argue that the word “knows” is context sensitive. However, many have objected to the intelligibility of this claim. In response, another approach called “moderate pragmatic contextualism” was invoked, which claims that “knows” itself is not context sensitive, but knowledge assertions are. I show, however, that to refute skepticism, moderate pragmatic contextualism rests on unjustified and implausible assumptions as well. Since no form of contextualism works as a response to skepticism, I argue that we should simply accept skepticism. However, I argue that skepticism is not a problem because skeptic pragmatic contextualism can offer a plausible explanation of why we have the intuition that our ordinary knowledge claims are true, even though they are not. I conclude that skeptic pragmatic contextualism offers the most plausible response to the brain in a vat thought experiment.
The newspaper man: Michael Andrews and the art of painted collage
Authors: Hallett Mark
Published: September 2020

This article focuses on an ambitious and complex pair of pictures painted by the prominent English artist Michael Andrews in the early 1960s, in which he juxtaposes a mass of visual elements taken from various photographic sources. Deer Park (1962) and All Night Long (1963�4) offer fascinating examples of what we might call painted collage. They also see Andrews testing out the possibilities of a new kind of painting of modern life, in which the forms of pictorial fragmentation and overlap associated with collage are brought to bear on the narratives and imagery of hedonistic party-going, as expressed in contemporary literature, journalism, photography and film.
On octahedrality and Müntz spaces
Authors: Martiny André
Published: September 2020

We show that every Müntz space can be written as a direct sum of Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$, where $Y$ is almost isometric to a subspace of $c$ and $X$ is finite dimensional. We apply this to show that no Müntz space is locally octahedral or almost square.
Stable homotopy, $1$-dimensional NCCW complexes, and Property (H)
Authors: An Qingnan , Elliott George A. , Liu Zhichao , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we show that the homomorphisms between two unital one-dimensional NCCW complexes with the same KK-class are stably homotopic, that is, after adding on a common homomorphism (with finite dimensional image), they are homotopic. As a consequence, any one-dimensional NCCW complex has the Property (H).
Asymptotics of some generalized Mathieu series
Authors: Gerhold Stefan , Hubalek Friedrich , Tomovski Živorad
Published: September 2020

We establish asymptotic estimates of Mathieu-type series defined by sequences with power-logarithmic or factorial behavior. By taking the Mellin transform, the problem is mapped to the singular behavior of certain Dirichlet series, which is then translated into asymptotics for the original series. In the case of power-logarithmic sequences, we obtain precise first order asymptotics. For factorial sequences, a natural boundary of the Mellin transform makes the problem more challenging, but a direct elementary estimate gives reasonably precise asymptotics. As a byproduct, we prove an expansion of the functional inverse of the gamma function at infinity.
Chemical Composition, Amino Acid Profile and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activities of Skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) Roe Hydrolyzate
Authors: Wenno Max Robinson , Thenu Johanna Louretha , Wattimena Martha Loana
Published: September 2020

Roe has a high protein content and a number of amino acids. The process of removing fat and hydrolyzate with enzymes leads to the breaking of the bonds, so that complex proteins are converted into short chain proteins or peptides and free amino acids. The peptide can act as bioactive and has an effect as antihypertensive, antibacterial, antioxidant and so on. This research was aimed at utilizing processed roes to make hydrolyzate which had previously viewed the chemical composition both fresh and defatted, and to determine the protein profile of the roes from hydrolyzate. The research data were analyzed descriptively,  and the average value and standard deviation were calculated. The results showed that skipjack roes have a fairly complete chemical composition, such as Proximate (protein, fat, moisture, ash, and carbohydrates), with values, respectively 19,19%, 0,67%, 76,32%, 2,51% and 1,31%. It was also found that the dominant amino acid composition of defatted skipjack mature roes is lysine, glutamate and leusine with values, respectively 12.65, 11.20 and 7.72 g/100 g protein and have activity as an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory. The ACE inhibitory activity of Skipjack roe hydrolysates of crude papain enzyme from immature and mature value, respectively 36.62% and 38.82%, while pure papain enzyme from immature and mature value respectively 42.63% and 47.54%. The protein profile of the immature roe hydrolyzate range from 10.88 to 125,80 kDA, while the mature roe hydrolysates range from 10.08 to 125,30 kDa.
Epidemiology of Zoonoses Geared by Domestication with Reference to COVID-19 during Anthropocene; India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Mishra Saswat
Published: September 2020

COV-19, HIV/AIDS, Flu H1N1 and many other zoonotic diseases are emergent during Anthropocene epoch due to climatic anomalies. Bacteria’s, viruses, pathogens are associated with human cause zoonoses mainly resulting from domestication. Minimum 61% of human pathogens are zoonotic comprising 75% of all emerging apocalyptic pathogens in 21st century. The scope of present study is investigating the domestication in time scale and finding the causes and consequences the virulent invasion of the present 21st century zoonotic diseases due to the climatic, biologic, socio-economic causes and the governing laws during the Anthropocene. The Holocene hominids were strong enough to adapt the harsh, frigid climate to sustain life during extreme conditions. Later the food habits, sedentary life and the changing agro-climate made then incapable to sustain with the bacterial, viral and microbial attacks for lack of immunity and adaptability by invoking domestication. The National Health Profile, India; has reported fall in rate of communicable diseases that has out broken from 61% to 33% from 1990 to 2016 resulting from health education, care and vaccines but the pandemicCOVID-19 has challenged the scenario. Demand of one health practices and stringent laws is essential to overcome the risk. Present pandemic COVID-19 has forced the globe away for sustenance of life and livelihood for want of vaccine, it is essential to practice five ‘T’ (Test, Trace, treat, train and trade) to restore the  normal life.
Resolution of Damaged Metallization on Highly Complex Semiconductor Device
Authors: Sumagpang Jr. Antonio , Gomez Frederick Ray
Published: September 2020

The paper focused on the resolution of damaged metallization during assembly process that lead to gross open-short (O/S) rejections during functional testing of a highly complex semiconductor package. Numerous batches were put on hold due to not meeting the specification assigned for the short contact test. Design of experiments (DOE) on assembly processes were conducted and eventually identified the reject as an electrostatic discharge (ESD) related failure. Corrective actions and ESD controls significantly reduced the occurrence of damaged metallization with around 85% reduction.
Genomic profiling of newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients and its potential for clinical utility – a prospective, translational study
Authors: Nørøxe Dorte S. , Yde Christina W. , Østrup Olga , Michaelsen Signe R. , Schmidt Ane Y. , Kinalis Savvas , Torp Mathias H. , Skjøth‐Rasmussen Jane , Brennum Jannick , Hamerlik Petra , Poulsen Hans S. , Nielsen Finn C. , Lassen Ulrik
Published: September 2020

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable brain tumor for which new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Next‐generation sequencing of GBM has most often been performed retrospectively and on archival tissue from both diagnostic and relapse surgeries with limited knowledge of clinical information, including treatment given. We sought to investigate the genomic composition prospectively in treatment‐naïve patients, searched for possible targetable aberrations, and investigated for prognostic and/or predictive factors. A total of 108 newly diagnosed GBM patients were included. Clinical information, progression‐free survival, and overall survival (OS) were noted. Tissues were analyzed by whole‐exome sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and transcriptome arrays, and RNA sequencing; assessed for mutations, fusions, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and chromosomal instability (CI); and classified into GBM subgroups. Each genomic report was discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board meeting to evaluate for matching trials. From 111 consecutive patients, 97.3% accepted inclusion in this study. Eighty‐six (77%) were treated with radiation therapy/temozolomide (TMZ) and adjuvant TMZ. One NTRK2 and three FGFR3‐TACC3 fusions were identified. Copy number alterations in GRB2 and SMYD4 were significantly correlated with worse median OS together with known clinical variables like age, performance status, steroid dose, and O6‐methyl‐guanine‐DNA‐methyl‐transferase status. Patients with CI‐median or TMB‐high had significantly worse median OS compared to CI‐low/high or TMB‐low/median. In conclusion, performing genomic profiling at diagnosis enables evaluation of genomic‐driven therapy at the first progression. Furthermore, TMB‐high or CI‐median patients had worse median OS, which can support the possibility of offering experimental treatment already at the first line for this group.
Cumulative Damage in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Multicenter Study From the Pediatric Rheumatology Arab Group
Authors: Al‐Mayouf Sulaiman M. , Hashad Soad , Khawaja Khulood , Alrasheedi Abeer , Abdwani Reem , Abushhaiwia Awatif , AlSuwaiti Muatasem , Alzyoud Raed , AL Abrawi Safiya , Asiri Abdulrahman , Alshaikh Manal , Sharif Elsadeg , Muzaffer Mohammed , Alsewairi Wafa , Zlenti Mabruka , Kawaja Ebtisam , Almutairi Muna , Majeed Mahmoud , Lotfy Hala , AlMarri Munira , Almutairi Nora ,   the Pediatric Arab Rheumatology Group
Published: September 2020

Objective

To report the cumulative articular and extraarticular damage in Arab children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and to identify variables that correlate with disease damage.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter, cross‐sectional study among 14 pediatric rheumatology centers from 7 Arab countries. JIA patients who met the International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification criteria and had a disease duration of >1 year were enrolled. Disease activity status was assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Report. Disease damage was assessed by the Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index, articular (JADI‐A) and extraarticular (JADI‐E).

Results

A total of 702 (471 female) JIA patients with a median age of 11.3 years (interquartile range [IQR] 8.0–14.0 years) were studied. Median age at disease onset was 5 years (IQR 2.0–9.0 years) and the median disease duration was 4 years (IQR 2.0–7.0 years). The most frequent JIA categories were oligoarticular JIA (34.9%), polyarticular JIA (29.5%), and systemic JIA (24.5%). Clinical remission was achieved in 73.9% of patients. At the last clinic visit, 193 patients experienced joint damage, with a mean ± SD JADI‐A score of 1.7 ± 4.5, while 156 patients had extraarticular damage, with a mean ± SD JADI‐E score of 0.5 ± 1.1. Patients with enthesitis‐related arthritis had the highest JADI‐A score. JADI‐A correlated significantly with the presence of a family history of JIA. JADI‐A and JADI‐E had a significant correlation with long disease duration.

Conclusion

Cumulative damage was common in this Arab JIA cohort, and consanguinity and JIA in a sibling were frequent findings and were associated with a greater cumulative damage.
Adaptive observer design for nonlinear interconnected systems by the application of LaSalle's theorem
Authors: Mohamed Mokhtar , Yan Xing‐Gang , Mao Zehui , Jiang Bin
Published: September 2020

In this article, a class of nonlinear interconnected systems with uncertain time varying parameters (TVPs) is considered. Both the interconnections and the isolated subsystems are nonlinear. The differences between the unknown TVPs and their corresponding nominal values are assumed to be bounded where the nominal value is not required to be known. A dynamical system is proposed and then, the error systems between the original interconnected system and the designed dynamical system are analysed. A set of conditions is developed such that the augmented systems formed by the error dynamical systems and the designed adaptive laws are uniformly ultimately bounded. Specifically, the state observation errors are asymptotically convergent to zero based on the LaSalle's Theorem while the parameter estimation errors are uniformly ultimately bounded, and the classical condition of persistent excitation is not required. A case study on a coupled inverted pendulum system is presented to demonstrate the developed methodology, and simulation shows that the proposed approach is effective and practicable.
Structural Design of Amorphous CoMoPx with Abundant Active Sites and Synergistic Catalysis Effect for Effective Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Huawei , Cho Ara , Kim Seongbeen , Jun Hyunwoo , Lee Ahryeon , Han Jeong Woo , Lee Jinwoo
Published: September 2020

Herein, a structural design principle is presented to synthesize amorphous bimetallic phosphides (a‐CoMoPx/CF) to efficiently catalyze water splitting. Porous Co‐MOF/CF and defective CoMoO4/CF are used as structure‐inducing templates to introduce rich defects and large voids that facilitate the formation of amorphous a‐CoMoPx/CF. Theoretical calculations reveal a synergistic catalytic mechanism that is based on the bimetallic components. Hierarchical nanosheet arrays combined with amorphous structures provide a superior mass transfer capacity and fully exposed atoms, increasing the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). The structural advantages and the synergistic catalytic effect of the bimetallic components generate a‐CoMoPx/CF with excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), displaying a very low overpotential of 59 mV and delivering a current density of 10 mA cm‐2 under alkaline conditions. A full electrolysis apparatus with a‐CoMoPx/CF as both cathode and anode shows a catalytic performance comparable to that of a noble metal‐based catalyst set‐up (Pt/C‐CF // RuO2‐CF), achieving 10 mA cm‐2 at a potential of 1.581 V and stable operation at 100 mA cm‐2 for more than 100 h. These findings provide a novel concept to design stable structured catalysts based on earth‐abundant elements for the large‐scale application of electrocatalysis processes related to energy conversion technologies.
Nonmetal Current Collectors: The Key Component for High‐Energy‐Density Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Chen Li‐Li , Song Wei‐Li , Li Na , Jiao Handong , Han Xue , Luo Yiwa , Wang Mingyong , Chen Haosen , Jiao Shuqiang , Fang Daining
Published: September 2020

As one of the emerging safe energy‐storage devices with high energy‐to‐cost ratio, nonaqueous aluminum batteries with enhanced energy density are intensively pursued by researchers. Although significant progress has been made on positive electrode materials, the effective energy density of aluminum batteries is still limited by the presence of high‐density refractory metal current collectors, which are known to be electrochemically inert in highly acidic ionic‐liquid electrolytes. To address such critical issues, here, a novel low‐density (<2 g cm−3) nonmetal current collector is presented, which uses poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates coated with indium tin oxide (ITO), with the purpose of significantly reducing the ratio of nonactive components in the electrodes. In addition to the excellent chemical and electrochemical stability (with voltage as high as ≈2.75 V vs Al3+/Al), this nonmetal current collector, also encompassing a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder, allows as‐assembled pouch cells to deliver a reversible specific capacity of ≈120 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1. In comparison with the high‐density refractory metal Mo or Ta current collectors, these nonmetal current collectors offer a novel strategy for constructing high‐energy‐density aluminum batteries by substituting the key components, with the aim of boosting the energy density of nonaqueous aluminum batteries.
Catalyst and Additive‐Free Direct Amidation/Halogenation of Tertiary Arylamines with N‐haloimide/amides
Authors: Xu Xiu‐Juan , Amuti Adila , Wusiman Abudureheman
Published: September 2020

An approach has been developed for the amidation (halogenation) of tertiary arylamines by electrophilic activation using N‐haloimide/amides. Several control experiments have been performed, and the coupling reaction outcomes indicated that the N‐haloimide/amide brings three major functions, including electrophilic activation, aromatic halogenation and nucleophilic nitrogen sources. This cascade reaction features simple manipulation, requires no additional catalyst, oxidant or additives, and is performed under mild conditions.

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Unsymmetrical Disulfides Synthesis via Cs2CO3‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction in Water
Authors: Wang Dungai , Gao Yuanji , Tong Yunli , Xiong Mingteng , Liang Xiao , Zhu Heping , Pan Yuanjiang
Published: September 2020

An unsymmetrical disulfides synthesis by Cs2CO3‐catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction of thioacetate, sodium thiosulfate, and benzyl halide in water is described. The safe, stable, and non‐toxic Na2S2O3 was invoked as the sulfur‐source, successfully avoiding the odor generation in the process of S−S bond formation. A wide range of substrate suitability and appropriate functional group tolerance were observed for the transformation. Notably, the approach reported here was compatible with various biomolecules including glucose, coumarin, and quinolinone.

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Theoretical Insights for Materials Properties of Cyclic Organic Nanorings
Authors: Pérez‐Jiménez Ángel J. , Sancho‐García Juan C.
Published: September 2020

The synthesis of new carbon nanoforms with remarkable and fine‐tuned bulk properties still represents a formidable challenge, with cyclic organic nanorings emerging in recent years for the template‐driven design of this kind of systems. The design and engineering of these materials can be first controlled at the molecular scale, to further induce their specific self‐assembly toward tailored properties at the nanoscale. Theoretical studies have lately contributed to the understanding of the underlying physical effects, the development of synthetic strategies, and the rationalization of novel materials properties, employing a variety of methods ranging from accurate calculations of isolated molecules to atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of a large sample of molecules in realistic conditions, which will be reviewed here with a focus on the transition from single‐molecule to supramolecular properties.
Naturally Degradable Photonic Devices with Transient Function by Heterostructured Waxy‐Sublimating and Water‐Soluble Materials
Authors: Camposeo Andrea , D'Elia Francesca , Portone Alberto , Matino Francesca , Archimi Matteo , Conti Silvia , Fiori Gianluca , Pisignano Dario , Persano Luana
Published: September 2020

Combined dry–wet transient materials and devices are introduced, which are based on water‐dissolvable dye‐doped polymers layered onto nonpolar cyclic hydrocarbon sublimating substrates. Light‐emitting heterostructures showing amplified spontaneous emission are obtained on transient elements and used as illumination sources for speckle‐free, full‐field imaging, and transient optical labels are realized that incorporate QR‐codes with stably encoded information. The transient behavior is also studied at the microscopic scale, highlighting the real‐time evolution of material domains in the sublimating compound. Finally, the exhausted components are fully soluble in water thus being naturally degradable. This technology opens new and versatile routes for environmental sensing, storage conditions monitoring, and organic photonics.
Artificially Intelligent Tactile Ferroelectric Skin
Authors: Lee Kyuho , Jang Seonghoon , Kim Kang Lib , Koo Min , Park Chanho , Lee Seokyeong , Lee Junseok , Wang Gunuk , Park Cheolmin
Published: September 2020

Lightweight and flexible tactile learning machines can simultaneously detect, synaptically memorize, and subsequently learn from external stimuli acquired from the skin. This type of technology holds great interest due to its potential applications in emerging wearable and human‐interactive artificially intelligent neuromorphic electronics. In this study, an integrated artificially intelligent tactile learning electronic skin (e‐skin) based on arrays of ferroelectric‐gate field‐effect transistors with dome‐shape tactile top‐gates, which can simultaneously sense and learn from a variety of tactile information, is introduced. To test the e‐skin, tactile pressure is applied to a dome‐shaped top‐gate that measures ferroelectric remnant polarization in a gate insulator. This results in analog conductance modulation that is dependent upon both the number and magnitude of input pressure‐spikes, thus mimicking diverse tactile and essential synaptic functions. Specifically, the device exhibits excellent cycling stability between long‐term potentiation and depression over the course of 10 000 continuous input pulses. Additionally, it has a low variability of only 3.18%, resulting in high‐performance and robust tactile perception learning. The 4 × 4  device array is also able to recognize different handwritten patterns using 2‐dimensional spatial learning and recognition, and this is successfully demonstrated with a high degree accuracy of 99.66%, even after considering 10% noise.
Interfaces in Garnet‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Dawei , Zhu Changbao , Fu Yanpeng , Sun Xueliang , Yang Yong
Published: September 2020

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered to be the next‐generation energy storage system, because of their overwhelming advantages in energy density and safety compared to conventional lithium ion batteries. Among various systems, garnet‐based ASSLBs are one of the most promising candidates. The advantages arise from the intrinsic properties of garnet electrolytes, especially the high shear modulus and wider electrochemical window compared to that of polymer and sulfide electrolytes, guaranteeing the application of Li metal and high voltage cathodes. However, the interfacial issues between garnets and electrodes (Li metal and cathodes) are challenging and hinder the further development of garnet‐based ASSLBs. Herein, the origin of interfacial resistance and recent development of interfacial construction in garnet‐based ASSLBs are reviewed, as well as the subsequent interfacial degradation and cell failure during cycling process, including inhomogeneous plating and stripping, Li dendrites, and strain induced microcracks in stiff electrodes. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities in this important and exciting field are also presented.
The Factors that Motivate Law Enforcement's Use of Force: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cowell Mariah , Corsi Christopher , Johnson Terence , Brinkley‐Rubinstein Lauren
Published: September 2020

Media attention relevant to law enforcement use of force in the last decade finally alerted the scientific community to the need for more research regarding law enforcement discretion and decision making. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the existing literature to explore the motivating factors for law enforcement use of force. This study will utilize a social–ecological framework to systematically examine factors that impact officer decisions to use force at the individual and community levels. The paper includes recommendations for research and practice through an equity lens that highlights the disparate use of force against men of color in particular. Interventions, trainings, education, and research to stop the promotion of perceived safety over justice will be highlighted.
Sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome in a non‐Amish infant: A case report
Authors: Slater Brady , Glinton Kevin , Dai Hongzheng , Lay Erica , Karaviti Lefkothea , Mizerik Elizabeth , Murali Chaya N. , Lalani Seema R. , Bacino Carlos A. , Rossetti Linda Z.
Published: September 2020

Sudden Infant Death with Dysgenesis of the Testes syndrome (SIDDT) is a very rare condition associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in the TSPYL1 gene first reported in 2004. It is characterized by sudden cardiac or respiratory arrest, disordered testicular development, neurologic dysfunction, and is uniformly fatal before the age of 12 months. There were previously 21 reported cases of SIDDT in the literature, all from nine Old Order Amish families published in a single paper. In this report, we describe a non‐Amish, phenotypically female infant with poor feeding and abnormal motor movements noted at birth. Initial testing showed that she had a 46,XY chromosome complement, and chromosomal microarray showed a significant absence of heterozygosity (AOH) totalling roughly 600 Mb across multiple different chromosomes, indicating consanguinity. Further workup with exome sequencing revealed homozygosity for a frameshift variant in TSPYL1 (c.725_726delTG, p.Val242GlufsTer52) consistent with a diagnosis of SIDDT, explaining many of her clinical features. However, she was also noted to have a mild T‐cell lymphopenia and developed intractable epilepsy after hospital discharge. These features have not previously been reported in SIDDT and may represent phenotypic expansion. To our knowledge, this patient is the 22nd case of SIDDT to be reported in the literature, and the first to be of non‐Amish heritage.
Australian unemployed workers’ experiences of being parked and creamed by employment providers
Authors: O’Halloran David , Farnworth Louise , Thomacos Nikos
Published: September 2020

This research examines the experiences of unemployed workers who report they have been parked or creamed by their employment services provider. Using focus group methodology, the research findings suggest that the experiences of being parked or creamed do not simply reflect quantitative metrics such as appointment frequency, and are experienced primarily as reflections of the quality of the transactions that occur in appointments. The findings suggest that parking and creaming are pervasive with harmful consequences for unemployed workers. Parking, on the one hand, appears to exacerbate the scarring effect of unemployment. Creaming, on the other hand, is not experienced as a benefit because rapid placement into employment is likely to be directed toward underemployment or precarious employment rather than sustainable employment. A second type of creaming is also described, where providers seek to take credit, sometimes coercively, for unemployed workers finding their own jobs. The findings also suggest that the Department of Employment’s actions to date to curb the practices have not been successful and could be improved if unemployed workers were more clearly recognised as having a stake in the provision of high‐quality employment services and given suitable mechanisms to identify and select providers that will not park or cream them.
Development of layer‐by‐layer assembled thin coatings on aluminium alloy AA2024‐T3 for high resolution studies of local corrosion processes
Authors: Almalla Ahed , Hertwig Andreas , Fischer Daniel , Ozcan Ozlem , Witt Julia
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to develop nanometer‐thin epoxy‐based films on aluminium alloy AA2024‐T3 as a model coating system for high resolution corrosion studies. Spin coating was used for the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) deposition of poly‐(ethylenimine) (PEI) and poly([o‐cresyl glycidyl ether]‐co‐formaldehyde) (CNER) bilayers. The film chemistry and the cross‐linking process were characterized by means of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Ellipsometric data confirmed the linear increase of film thickness. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate the improvement of the film barrier properties with increasing film thickness. Mapping of the topography and the volta potential was performed by means of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM). The results indicate the presence of a homogeneous film structure, while the intermetallic phases can still be identified below the coating. The SKPFM analysis confirmed that the model films are suitable for investigation of corrosion processes at the coating/metal interface.
Effect of pore orientation on shear viscoelasticity of cellulose nanocrystal/collagen hydrogels
Authors: Liu Donglei , Dong Xufeng , Liu Huiying , Zhao Yiping , Qi Min
Published: September 2020

Motivated by a need to replicate structural and viscoelastic properties of soft tissue, such as cartilage, the structural hydrogels with viscoelastic feature have been of interest in biomedical application. However, the effect of pore alignment on their viscoelastic properties has been largely underestimated. This work prepared cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/collagen hydrogels with different pore orientations, including horizontally aligned pores, random pores and vertically aligned pores, and integrated them into a multilayered hydrogel with multi‐structure which mimics cartilage construct. The stress relaxation rate (τ1/2), creep rate (γ1/2), storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) increased in the order of the vertical, random, multi‐structural, and horizontal. G′ value of the horizontal increased up to 300% relative to the vertical in the strain amplitude and frequency sweep. Maxwell–Weichert and Variable Network Density models were used to explain phenomena, and the experimental curves fitted well with the theoretical models. These results reveal that the viscoelastic properties of hydrogel can be influenced by pore orientation except conventional component concentration.
Alternative initiatives for non‐wood chemical pulping and integration with the biorefinery concept: A review
Authors: Jahan M Sarwar , Rahman M. Mostafizur , Ni Yonghao
Published: September 2020

Conventional pulping processes, such as soda, soda‐Antraquinone (AQ), and kraft, are currently used for non‐wood pulping. The main challenges of non‐wood pulping in conventional pulping processes are (1) large amounts of silica cause silica‐related operational difficulties in the process; (2) large amounts of fines/parenchyma cells decrease the drainage; and (3) the bulky nature of raw materials increases the collection/transportation cost, hampering large‐scale commercial operations. Alternative pulping processes are therefore being developed. This paper reviews the current status of alternative non‐wood pulping processes and their integration with the biorefinery concept. Several promising methods have been investigated at the laboratory or pilot scale. Organic acid and potassium hydroxide pulping processes are attractive alternatives for non‐wood pulping. Dissolved lignin and hemicelluloses in spent liquor can lead to the production of valuable co‐products, fitting well with the integrated biorefinery concept. Non‐wood biomass can be important raw material for pulping in forest‐deficient countries. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd