bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approach to Hybrid Flow-Shop Scheduling Problem Based on Self-Guided Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Dai Wen-Zhan ,   School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Xia Kai
Published: April 2016

The effective self-guided genetic algorithm (SGGA) which we proposed is based on the characteristics of a hybrid flow shop scheduling problem. A univariate probability model based on workpiece permutation is introduced together with a bivariate probability model based on a similar workpiece blocks. An approach to updating a probability model parameters is given based on superior individuals. A novel probability calculation function is proposed taking advantages of statistical learning information provided by univariate and bivariate probabilistic model to calculate the probability of workpieces located in different positions. A method for evaluating the quality of individual candidates generated by GA crossover and mutation operators is suggested for selecting promising and excellent individual candidates as offspring. Simulation results show that the SGGA has excellent performance and robustness.
Asymmetric Quantitative Model of Coexceedances and its Applications to the Study of Contagion Mechanism of the Financial Crisis
Authors: Yang Xiaorong ,   College of Statistics & Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Chen Jie , He Chun
Published: April 2016

In this article, the linkage among the securities markets in returns, named “coexceedances,” is characterized by a new model. Considering that the positive and negative short-term liquidity shocks may cause very different influences on financial markets, the proposed model involves the asymmetric quantitative effects. Suitable explanatory variables are selected into our model after a fully consideration of factors which have potential effects on “coexceedances,” then the quantile technique is employed to estimate parameters. As an application, the asymmetric quantitative model of coexceedance is used to describe the contagion mechanism of the financial crisis. In the empirical study, we take some Asian markets as examples for analysis, and we find that during the financial crisis period, there are varied contagion effects among markets; and furthermore, other factors’ effects on “coexceedances” remarkably varied in each quantile. Our research may provide a reference for both the portfolio investors and the policy makers to forecast the risk and take the response to the financial crisis.
Quantitative Analysis Method of EXRBAC Model withN-Dimensional Security Entropy
Authors: Cai Likun ,   School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Dai Yaping , He Qian , Zhao Linhui , Liu Xiangyang ,   College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Union University
Published: April 2016

On how to evaluate the performance of access control models, a method ofN-dimensional security entropy is described in this paper. According to the definition and description of the information entropy in information theory, the definition of the One-dimensional Security Entropy is introduced and the one-dimensional security entropy in Discretionary-access Control model is discussed firstly. Then theN-dimensional security entropy is extended based on the unauthorized access, and by means of theN-dimensional security entropy, the quantitative security performance is measured in RBAC model. In order to measure the security of management information system with complex role level, an extension of RBAC access control (EXRBAC) model is presented in this paper, which could get quantitative analysis withN-dimensional security entropy methods. Through analyzing and comparing the security performance of these three access control models, it is shown that the EXRBAC model performance is improved in multi-class and multi-level roles condition.
Understanding the Influence of Interest Rate Liberalization on Economic Structure and Monetary Policy
Authors: Hu Xiaowen ,   School of Economics and Management, Anhui Normal University, Xu Bing , Zhang Shangfeng ,   Research Institute of Econometrics and Statistics, Zhejiang Gongshang University
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with price stickiness is constructed to analyze quantitatively the effect of interest rate liberalization on economic structure and monetary policy. Using parameter calibration and Bayes estimation, we analyze the impulse responses and numerical simulation of the external shocks of technology shocks and monetary policy shock. The empirical results find the following conclusion: Firstly, the interest rate liberalization is conducive to economic restructuring as the investment ratio and capital growth is suppressed and the household and government consumption ratio is promoted. Secondly, the interest rate liberalization can lower economic fluctuation, and enhance the defense ability against external shocks such as technological shocks and monetary policy shocks. Moreover, the interest rate liberalization is help to dredge the monetary policy transmission channels as the interest rate shocks on the real economy is gradually increased.
Mathematical Morphology Based Image Segmentation and Character String Extraction Using Fuzzy Inference
Authors: Chen Jianjun ,   Department of Intelligent Systems Design Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Takagi Noboru
Published: April 2016

Signs are ubiquitous indoors and outdoors, and they are often used for finding public places and other locations. However, information on signs is inaccessible to many visually impaired people, unless represented non-visually such as with Braille, tactile graphics, or speech. Automatically reading text from signs in natural scene images is a vital application for assisting visually impaired people. However, finding text in scene images is a great challenge because it cannot be assumed that the acquired image contains only characters. Natural scene images usually contain diverse text in different sizes, styles, fonts, and colors, and complex backgrounds. Therefore, we turn to the development of a portable camera-based assistive system to aid visually impaired people reading text from natural scenery. In this paper, a new method for character string extraction from scene images is discussed. The algorithm is implemented and evaluated using a set of natural scene images. Accuracy, precision, and recall rates of the proposed method are calculated and analyzed to determine success and limitations. Recommendations for improvements are given based on the results.
Difference Between Chinese and US Stock Markets: Determinants, Mechanisms, and Impact
Authors: Xu Bing ,   Research Institute of Econometrics and Statistics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, He Qiuqin , Qian Jun , Dong Jiangping ,   Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University
Published: April 2016

This study uses technical indicator data to propose a new data-driven approach called nonparametric path identification to investigate the differences in the determinants, mechanism, and impact of the Sino-US stock markets. First, MA_5 is relevant to NASDAQ, whereas MA_10 is relevant to SSEC, which indicates that the trend of NASDAQ is more stable than that of SSEC. Second, different nonlinear mechanisms exist in the two stock markets, such that MA_10 and SAR have a nonlinear correlation to SSEC and NASDAQ, respectively. This finding indicates that the volatility reversion of NASDAQ is faster than SSEC. In addition, the relationship of middle Bollinger Bands (mavg) with SSEC is linear, whereas that with NASDAQ is nonlinear. Third, the most significant impact on SSEC is from CMF, whereas that on NASDAQ is from Average Directional Index (ADX). This result indicates the existence of more speculative behavior in SSEC than in NASDAQ.
Multi-Dimension Uncertain Linear Quadratic Optimal Control with Cross Term
Authors: Chen Yuefen ,   *Department of Applied Mathematics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Li Bo
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we consider a multi-dimension uncertain linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control with cross term. With the aid of the equation of optimality of a general multi-dimension uncertain optimal control, we present a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of optimal linear feedback optimal control which is associated with a Riccati differential equation. Moreover, some properties of the solution for the Riccati differential equation are discussed. Furthermore, the uniqueness of the feedback optimal control for the uncertain linear quadratic optimal control with cross term is proved. Finally, as an application, an example is presented to illustrate the theory obtained.
Security Risk Assessment: Towards a Justification for the Security Risk Factor Table Model
Authors: Rivera Beverly ,   Computational Science Program, University of Texas at El Paso, Zapata Francisco , Kreinovich Vladik ,   Department of Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso
Published: April 2016

One of the widely used methods to gauge risk is the Security Risk Factor Table (SRFT) model. While this model has been empirically successful, its use is limited by the fact that its formulas do not have a theoretical explanation – and thus, there is no guarantee that these formulas will work in other situations as well. In this paper, we provide a theoretical explanation for the SFRT formulas.
On a Family of New Sequential Hard Clustering
Authors: Hamasuna Yukihiro ,   Department of Informatics, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Endo Yasunori ,   Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a new algorithm of sequential cluster extraction based on hardc-means and hardc-medoids clustering. Sequential cluster extraction means that the algorithm extracts ‘one cluster at a time.’ A characteristic parameter, called a noise parameter, is used in noise clustering based sequential clustering. We propose a novel sequential clustering method called new sequential clustering, extracts an arbitrary number of objects as one cluster by considering the noise parameter as a variable to be optimized. Experimental results with four data sets confirm the effectiveness of our proposal. These results also show that classification results strongly depend on parameter ν and that our proposal is applicable to the first stage in a two-stage clustering algorithm.
An Evolutionary Method for Associative Contrast Rule Mining from Incomplete Database
Authors: Shimada Kaoru ,   Fukuoka Dental College, Hanioka Takashi
Published: April 2016

We propose a method for associative contrast rule mining from an incomplete database to find interesting differences between two incomplete datasets. The associative contrast rule is defined as follows: although an association rule “if X then Y” satisfies the given importance conditions within Database A, the same rule does not satisfy the same conditions within Database B. The proposed method extracts associative contrast rules directly without generating the frequent itemsets used in conventional rule mining methods. We developed our message using the basic evolutionary graph-based optimization basic structure and a new evolutionary strategy for rule accumulation mechanism. The method realizes association analysis between two classes of an incomplete database using the chi-square test. We evaluated the performance of the method for associative contrast rule mining from the incomplete database. Experimental results showed that our proposed method extracts associative contrast rules effectively. Evaluations of the mischief for rule measurements by missing values are demonstrated. Simulation results showed the difference between using the proposed method for an incomplete database and using the database as complete.
Controller Designs for a Class of Polynomial Fuzzy Models
Authors: Han Hugang ,   Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Higaki Yuta ,   Hitachi Solutions West Japan, Ltd.
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes two polynomial fuzzy controllers in the context of the fuzzy polynomial model with a so-called lumped disturbance. One, called regular controller, is designed only based on the control system stability, while the other, called controller with disturbance observer, is designed on the basis of both control system stability and a disturbance observer proposed in this paper. Though both controllers are able to stabilize the control system, computer simulations conclude that the latter is better than the former from the point of view of the control performance when it comes to the lumped disturbance in the system concerned.
Q-Learning in Continuous State-Action Space with Noisy and Redundant Inputs by Using a Selective Desensitization Neural Network
Authors: Kobayashi Takaaki ,   Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Shibuya Takeshi , Morita Masahiko
Published: April 2016

When applying reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms such as Q-learning to real-world applications, we must consider the influence of sensor noise. The simplest way to reduce such noise influence is to additionally use other types of sensors, but this may require more state space -- and probably increase redundancy. Conventional value-function approximators used to RL in continuous state-action space do not deal appropriately with such situations. The selective desensitization neural network (SDNN) has high generalization ability and robustness against noise and redundant input. We therefore propose an SDNN-based value-function approximator for Q-learning in continuous state-action space, and evaluate its performance in terms of robustness against redundant input and sensor noise. Results show that our proposal is strongly robust against noise and redundant input and enables the agent to take better actions by using additional inputs without degrading learning efficiency. These properties are eminently advantageous in real-world applications such as in robotic systems.
Robust Estimation of Camera Homography by Fuzzy RANSAC Algorithm with Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Watanabe Toshihiko ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Kamai Takeshi , Ishimaru Tomoki ,   Icom Inc.
Published: April 2016

The computer vision approach involves many modeling problems in preventing noise caused by sensing units such as cameras and projectors. To improve computer vision modeling performance, a robust modeling technique must be developed for essential models in the system. The RANSAC and LMedS algorithms have been widely applied in such issues, but performance deteriorates as the noise ratio increases and the calculation time for algorithms tends to increase in actual applications. In this study, we propose a new fuzzy RANSAC algorithm for homography estimation based on the reinforcement learning concept. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by modeling synthetic data and camera homography experiments. Their results found the method to be effective in improving calculation time, model optimality, and robustness in modeling performance.
Dynamic Rate Allocation Algorithm Using Adaptive LMS End-to-End Distortion Estimation for Video Transmission over Error Prone Network
Authors: Cruz Angelo R. Dela ,   De La Salle University, Vicerra Ryan Rhay P. , Bandala Argel A. , Dadios Elmer P.
Published: April 2016

Because of the inherent trade-off between source distortion and channel distortion in video transmission systems, joint optimization between bit-rate and distortion is still a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a method where the bit-rate allocation between source and channel encoder is controlled by the estimated end-to-end distortion at the encoder. The distortion estimation scheme is based on the adaptive forward linear predictor using least-mean square (LMS) algorithm. The forward predictor used the past values of actual end-to-end distortion to estimate the current distortion. The results show good estimate of end-to-end distortion and the proposed scheme improves video quality as compared to a standard rate control of H.264/AVC. The proposed scheme dynamically allocates the source encoder bits based on the estimated distortion.
Machine Vision Support System for Monitoring Water Quality in a Small Scale Tiger Prawn Aquaculture
Authors: Gustilo Reggie C. ,   Electronics and Communications Engineering Department, De La Salle University, Dadios Elmer P. ,   Manufacturing Engineering and Management Department, De La Salle University
Published: April 2016

A fuzzy-based machine vision system was designed to support an industrial sensor based small scale tiger prawn aquaculture system. This system is based on the behavioral movements of tiger prawns as they are subjected to different stress levels such as unsafe values of dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity and ph. Each parameter is carefully adjusted to trigger a change in the normal behavior or movement of tiger prawns. The change in the behavior of the tiger prawn, as seen by the machine vision system, may serve as a level detection or an alarm system that will aid the sensor based system in terms of monitoring the water quality of the aquaculture environment. This machine vision system may be used to trigger the actuators needed to correct the dangerous water quality parameter back to its safe level. This research is done in real time using two basic web cameras to support industry grade sensors in maintaining the safe water quality level for this small scale habitat.
Design and Development of an Artificial Intelligent System for Audio-Visual Cancer Breast Self-Examination
Authors: Billones Robert Kerwin C. ,   De La Salle University, Dadios Elmer P. , Sybingco Edwin
Published: April 2016

This paper presents the development of a computer system for breast cancer awareness and education, particularly, in proper breast self-examination (BSE) performance. It includes the design and development of an artificial intelligent system (AIS) for audio-visual BSE which is capable of computer vision (CV), speech recognition (SR), speech synthesis (SS), and audio-visual (AV) feedback response. The AIS is named BEA, an acronym for Breast Examination Assistant, which acts like a virtual health care assistant that can assist a female user in performing proper BSE. BEA is composed of four interdependent modules: perception, memory, intelligence, and execution. Collectively, these modules are part of an intelligent operating architecture (IOA) that runs the BEA system. The methods of development of the individual subsystems (CV, SR, SS, and AV feedback) together with the intelligent integration of these components are discussed in the methodology section. Finally, the authors presented the results of the tests performed in the system.
Compensation for Input Nonlinearities in Repetitive Control Systems Based on Improved Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Approach
Authors: Cai Wenjing ,   School of Automation, China University of Geosciences, Wu Min , She Jinhua , Chen Luefeng ,   School of Engneering, Tokyo University of Technology
Published: April 2016

The equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) approach is used to deal with the problem of tracking period signals for a plant with input actuator nonlinearities in a repetitive control system. First, an EID estimator is constructed by taking the full advantage of an extended state observer (ESO), the design of the ESO is explained. Next, an EID estimate, which represents the synthetic effect of the nonlinearities, is incorporated into a repetitive control law to compensate for the effect caused by the nonlinearities. This method does not require any prior information about the nonlinearities. It guarantees perfect tracking for periodic reference input and satisfactory compensation for input nonlinearities at the same time. Finally, simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the method.
Intelligent Optimization of Cell Voltage for Energy Saving in Process of Electrolytic Aluminum
Authors: Xu Chenhua ,   School of Electrical Engineering, Guangxi University, Wang Le , Lin Xiaofeng , Li Zhi , Yu Xin ,   School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University
Published: April 2016

Based on the characteristic of cell voltage fluctuations in the process of electrolytic aluminum, a new method based on neural-network-genetic-algorithm (NNGA) for the optimization of cell voltage is proposed in this paper. First, the method of kernel principal component based on analysis of electrolytic aluminum process is used to determine the operating parameters. Second, in order to predict cell voltage in real time, back propagation neural network (BPNN) is used to establish the cell voltage prediction model. Third, the model of the optimization control of cell voltage is constructed, and then, genetic algorithm is used to optimize cell voltage and obtain corresponding operating conditions. Finally, the actual production data is used to perform experimental verification. The results show that the proposed method based on NNGA is effective. The process of electrolytic aluminum can operate under the optimal production conditions, and the goal of saving energy is achieved.
Guaranteed Cost Control of State-Delay System Based on the Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Approach
Authors: Gao Fang ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Wu Min , She Jinhua , Yu Pan ,   School of Automation, China University of Geosciences,   School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology
Published: April 2016

This paper considers a guaranteed cost control problem for state-delay systems with exogenous disturbances for a proper plant. The equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) approach is extended to be able to handle a state-delay system. A new control law is constructed that incorporates an EID estimate in order to ensure a satisfactory control performance. A stability condition for the closed-loop system is provided in terms of a linear matrix inequality, using the Lyapunov function method. Furthermore, a guaranteed cost control state feedback control law and a state observer are designed, based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI). Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the validity of the method.
Optimal Operation for Supercapacitor Storage System Using Piecewise LQR Voltage Equalization Control
Authors: Chen Bin ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Huang Zhiwu , Zhang Rui , Liao Hongtao , Peng Jun
Published: April 2016

A closed-loop piecewise linear quadratic regulation (PLQR) voltage equalization controller is proposed for a supercapacitor storage system to optimize supercapacitor operation in terms of voltage differences among supercapacitor cells with the desired voltage tracking. In this study, under constant current charging mode, a model system is built based on the switched-capacitor method. The state equation of the errortracking system is derived. By adopting an idea derived from Lyapunov elliptic domains, the PLQR algorithm is proposed to change the feedback gain dynamically to satisfy the control input constraints. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
A Highly Efficient and Reliable Power Scheme Using Improved Push-Pull Forward Converter for Heavy-Duty Train Applications
Authors: Li Liran ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Huang Zhiwu , Li Heng , Qu Xiaohui , Peng Jun
Published: April 2016

Electronically controlled pneumatic (ECP) brake systems have become popular in heavy-duty train applications because of their advantages, which include shorter stopping distances, improved handling, and less brake-shoe and wheel wear. In ECP brake systems, an improved power supply is required to support efficient and reliable operations. In this paper, we propose a new power converter for ECP brake systems, which is derived from a conventional push-pull converter. As opposed to conventional push-pull converters, we insert a clamping capacitor into the proposed circuit. This clamping capacitor simultaneously enables a greater number of operation modes for the proposed converter and absorbs the voltage spikes in the switch. The proposed converter is more suited for ECP brake applications that require high power, low voltage ripple, and high impedance. We theoretically analyze the proposed converter, and present the design guidelines. Further, we discuss the modeling and control aspects. We demonstrate the operations of the proposed model by performing both simulations and experiments.
Multi-Level Control of Fuzzy-Constraint Propagation via Evaluations with Linguistic Truth Values in Generalized-Mean-Based Inference
Authors: Uehara Kiyohiko ,   Ibaraki University, Hirota Kaoru ,   Beijing Institute of Technology
Published: April 2016

A method is proposed for fuzzy inference which can propagate convex fuzzy-constraints from given facts to consequences in various forms by applying a number of fuzzy rules, particularly when asymmetric fuzzy sets are used for given facts and/or fuzzy rules. The conventionalmethod, α-GEMS (α-level-set and generalized-mean-based inference in synergy with composition), cannot be performed with asymmetric fuzzy sets; it can be conducted only with symmetric fuzzy sets. In order to cope with asymmetric fuzzy sets as well as symmetric ones, a control scheme is proposed for the fuzzy-constraint propagation, which is α-cut based and can be performed independently at each level of α. It suppresses an excessive specificity decrease in consequences, particularly stemming from the asymmetricity. Thereby, the fuzzy constraints of given facts are reflected to those of consequences, to a feasible extent. The theoretical aspects of the control scheme are also presented, wherein the specificity of the support sets of consequences is evaluated via linguistic truth values (LTVs). The proposed method is named α-GEMST (α-level-set and generalized-meanbased inference in synergy with composition via LTV control) in order to differentiate it from α-GEMS. Simulation results show that α-GEMST can be properly performed, particularly with asymmetric fuzzy sets. α-GEMST is expected to be applied to the modeling of given systems with various fuzzy input-output relations.
Earthquake Disaster Mitigation and Earthquake Engineering in Japan – A Review with a Special Emphasis on the Kobe Earthquake and its Impact
Authors: Katayama Tsuneo ,   Department of Architecture, School of Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, 2-2 Kanda-Nishiki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8457, Japan
Published: April 2016

This is a review of the changes in earthquake disaster mitigation and earthquake engineering in Japan after the 1964 Niigata earthquake, with a special emphasis on the 1995 Kobe earthquake and its impact in particular. This paper is unique in that it has no equations and also in that it shows the light and dark aspects of Japanese earthquake engineering both before and after the Kobe earthquake. Since this article is prosaic, personal, and often emotional, it may be difficult to call it a scientific review. I have tried to ask myself what I overlooked before the Kobe earthquake. Although I do not think that I was able to touch upon all matters considered important, I have summarized some of the changes and advances that have taken place close to me. Some of the points in this review have been discussed elsewhere [1], but the entire paper has been rewritten in a different framework.
Development of Urban Disaster Prevention Systems in Japan – from the Mid-1980s
Authors: Nakabayashi Itsuki ,   Graduate School of Urban Environmental Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji City, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
Published: April 2016

This treatise outlines developments in disaster management focusing on earthquake disaster measures taken by the Japanese and Tokyo Metropolitan Governments since the 1980s. The 1978 Large-Scale Earthquake Measures Special Act on conditions for predicting the Tokai Earthquake significantly changed the direction of earthquake disaster measures in Japan. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government undertook its own earthquake disaster measures based on lessons learned from the 1964 Niigata Earthquake. In the 1980s, it began planning urban development disaster management programs for upgrading areas with high wooden houses concentration - still a big problem in many urban areas of Japan - which are most vulnerable to earthquake disasters. The 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Kobe brought meaningful insight into both to earthquake disaster measures by the Japanese Government and by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and other local governments nationwide. Long-term predictions concerning possible earthquake occurrence have been conducted throughout Japan and new earthquake disaster measures have been adopted based on this long-term prediction. The Tokyo Government has further completely revised its own earthquake disaster measures. As a review of measures against foreseeable earthquake disasters based on developments in disaster management measures, this treatise provides invaluable insights emphasizing urban earthquake disaster prevention developed in Japan over the last 30 years that readers are sure to find both interesting and informative in their own work.
Banda Aceh Overview – After One Year Tsunami
Authors: Nurdin Ir. Muwardi ,   Former Mayor of Banda Aceh, Republic of Indonesia
Published: April 2016

Just over 1.5 years have past since the December 26, 2004, tsunami devastated the Province of Aceh, killing or injuring some 100,000 people and multiplying the problems of the province, which was already suffering from battles between the Indonesian army and armed independence forces of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM: Gerkan Aceh Mardeka). The half-century conflict has killed more than 15,000 soldiers and citizens of Banda Aceh, and the government placed Banda Aceh under martial law, limiting the number of foreign visitors. After the tsunami brought the previously unknown city to world attention, most people had to seek answers about where it was on the Internet or in atlases.
Wave Dispersion Effect in the Indian Ocean Tsunami
Authors: Shigihara Yoshinori ,   Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Defense Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan, Fujima Koji
Published: April 2016

We conducted a numerical simulation that takes into account the effect of wave frequency dispersion in the Indian Ocean Tsunami that occurred on December 26, 2004. A leapfrog-implicit numerical scheme based on Shigihara et al. [6] is applicable to practical simulation. Dispersion effect is negligible for the runup to the northwest coast of Sumatra Island. At the west side of tsunami source, if the aim of simulation is the reproduction of detailed propagation process, dispersion should be considered in Sri Lanka. If maximum runup height and tsunami arrival time are required, however, dispersion may be negligible.
Liquefaction of Subsurface Soils During Earthquakes
Authors: Ishihara Kenji ,   Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Published: April 2016

The following article summarizes the results of studies on liquefaction of sandy ground during earthquakes, which have been conducted by the author over the past few years. Case history studies on this subject made for the major earthquakes in Japan are described first, and then three soil profiles most prone to liquefaction are suggested. Principles and methods of laboratory studies on liquefaction are briefly introduced, and typical examples of recent test data are shown. In Section 3, methods and techniques of field investigations are described in detail and. their interpretation in relation to liquefaction prediction is suggested. Finally, a predictive method is suggested in which the laboratory test data are incorporated into analyses using the wave propagation method.
Seismic Design of Bridges After 1995 Kobe Earthquake
Authors: Kawashima Kazuhiko ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
Published: April 2016

The 1995 Kobe earthquake extensively damaged bridges and triggered research and review as a consequence of recent earthquakes that have led to significant advances in bridge seismic design. This paper presents how this has affected design philosophy and design codes in Japan compared to seismic design codes in EC, New Zealand, and the United States concerning design philosophy, near-field ground motions, design force and ductility requirements, linear/nonlinear static/dynamic response analysis, and treatment of liquefaction and liquefaction-induced lateral ground movement.
Aseismic Structural Systems for Buildings
Authors: Watabe Makoto ,   International Institute of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction, 2-25-5 Tokiwadai, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Published: April 2016

When structures are subjected to earthquake motions, the principal factors controlling their behavior are i) dynamic characteristics of the structure ii) characteristics of the input earthquake motions. In this sense, it is essential, first of all, to be acquainted with general dynamic properties. Let the simple structure – single degree of freedom system – as illustrated in Fig. 1 be considered. Spring, mass, and damper are the three elements which characterize the system. If to this system, an initial displacement is applied, then set it free, the time history of the displacement, velocity and acceleration will be as shown in Fig. 2. In Fig. 2 the basic concepts of period, frequency and circular frequency of the system are also explained.
Review of Research Related to Sediment Disaster Mitigation
Authors: Egashira Shinji ,   Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
Published: April 2016

The annual number of deaths resulting from landslides and debris flow in Japan over the past 40 years has shown a decreasing tendency as corresponding countermeasures are implemented. The countermeasures constituted of structural and non-structural methods are introduced, focusing on their phenomenological function to clear up roles of sediment research on them. In addition, governing equations which are employed currently in numerical predictions are shown, including formulas for bed shear stress and sediment erosion and deposition in order to illustrate differences between the flow of water and sediment mixture in steep areas and the flow of usually observed floods in rivers. It is recommended that equations which are able to distinguish rapid changes of flow characteristics due to internal solid type friction, sediment erosion and deposition and the corresponding changes of bed elevation should be applied in the numerical computations.
Beach Erosion Arising from Artificial Land Modification
Authors: Uda Takaaki ,   Public Works Research Center, 1-6-4 Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-0016, Japan
Published: April 2016

The cause of beach erosion in Japan is classified into seven types. Of these, examples associated with the formation of wave-shelter zones and decreased fluvial sediment supply were studied, typified by changes in beaches at the Shimobara fishing port and along the Enshu-nada coast caused by decreased fluvial sediment supply from the Tenryu River. Such erosion is closely related to land management and the "sector-by-sector" system in Japan. The prevention of beach erosion thus requires both scientific research and improvement in coastal management through enhancing the public consensus.
Targeting Fire Damage Relief
Authors: Murosaki Yoshiteru ,   National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster, 18-26 Nishifukunokawa-cho, Okazaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8326, JapanWaseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, Hasemi Yuji
Published: April 2016

The relationship between human beings and fire is older than legend, making fire the potential disaster closest to men. This makes the mitigation of fire damage an ongoing community concern. The nature of fire risk has been changing with time due to changes in urban structure, the societal environment, and energy consumption. These changes are related to technological progress such as the development of fireproof materials and firefighting techniques. Technological advances such as the development of new materials and huge space may trigger the emergence of the new fire risks. The terrorist-triggered World Trade Center conflagrations in New York and the accident-induced Windsor Building fire in Madrid in 2004 are high-rise examples of this new vulnerability. The subway line fire that broke out in Daegu, Republic of Korea, in 2003 is yet another case -- this one subterranean. An example in new-material risks is the outbreak at solid-waste fuel facilities in Mie, Japan, in 2003. Automobile fuel batteries using hydrogen are yet another case of new risks. Ironically, technology developed to solve global environmental issues such as waste recycling are another example of new fire risks. Advancing hand in hand with these new risks are the age-old examples of housing fires in urban areas and structural blazes in forests and fields. Regional differences are a factor, especially urban fires in Japan's densely populated wooden residential areas and wildfires in populated forests of Australia and Russia. Studies on fire prevention must provide solutions to mitigating such risks -- both old and new. Ambitious research in this field is demonstrated in the papers reported in this special issue - articles that readers are about to find exciting, informative, and endlessly interesting!
Lessons on Reconstruction Strategies from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
Authors: Murosaki Yoshiteru ,   National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster, Fire and Disaster Management Agency, 4-35-3 Jindaiji-Higashimachi, Chofu, Tokyo 182-0012, Japan
Published: April 2016

The 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake reduced a highly developed modern city to rubble in a matter of seconds. In comparison, it has required nearly a decade for the stricken area to recover and resume its previous structure and functions. Below, we review reconstruction during this decade and point out lessons learned, focusing on reconstruction strategies.
Problems in Housing Restoration After the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
Authors: Koshiyama Kenji ,   Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution, 1-5-2 Wakihama-Kaigandori, Chuo Ward, Kobe, Hyogo 651-0073, Japan
Published: April 2016

This study clarifies housing recovery problems in areas stricken by the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, using findings of surveys on the situation 5 years later. These problems included a lack of consistency in support measures and the image targeted in urban reconstruction after reconstruction. Results of individual housing recovery lead to confusion about reconstruction in communities and town blocks. Housing reconstruction after the earthquake had two missions: (1) "Lifestyle reconstruction" for victims and (2) implementation realizing a safe city through "city remodeling." The major lesson of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake would be that, along with the development of solutions based on previous planning in housing recovery and restoration, the importance of proactive measures should be appropriately recognized – alleviation of housing and urban damage taking into account the difficulty of postdisaster planning.
Quantitative Evaluation of Recovery Process in Disaster-Stricken Areas Using Statistical Data
Authors: Yuka Karatani*  ,   Faculty of Urban Science, Meijo University, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka, Kani, Gifu 509-0261, Japan, Haruo Hayashi**  ,   Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
Published: April 2016

This paper provides the evaluation methods on longtime recovery in the afflicted area using statistics database. Firstly, we discuss the recovery index requirements which is able to grasp the recovery situation and its database needs for disaster response. Secondly, we propose the recovery index using time-series analysis (TSA) and the framework to interpret the recovery situation. Thirdly, we apply the recovery index using TSA to the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster, it is clear that several recovery patterns examine from three aspects, that is, trend, seasonal variation and noise including the original data, for ten years after the event.
HARIMAU Radar-Profiler Network over the Indonesian Maritime Continent: A GEOSS Early Achievement for Hydrological Cycle and Disaster Prevention
Authors: Yamanaka Manabu D. ,   Institute of Observational Research for Global Change (IORGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Japan, Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Mori Shuichi , Wu Pei-Ming , Syamsudin Fadli , Manik Timbul , Jun-Ichi Hamada , Yamamoto Masayuki K. , Kawashima Masayuki , Fujiyoshi Yasushi , Sakurai Namiko , Ohi Masayuki , Shirooka Ryuichi , Katsumata Masaki , Shibagaki Yoshiaki , Shimomai Toyoshi , Erlansyah  , Setiawan Wawan , Tejasukmana Bambang , Djajadihardja Yusuf S. , Anggadiredja Jana T. ,   Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Japan,   Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Indonasia,   Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Indonasia,   Institute of Low Temperature Science (ILTS), Hokkaido University, Japan,   Osaka Electro-Communication University, Japan,   Shimane University, Japan
Published: April 2016

The Hydrometeorological ARray for Isv-Monsoon AUtomonitoring (HARIMAU), a 5-year project under the Japan EOS Promotion Program (JEPP) contributing to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), has begun in 2005 to set up a radar-profiler network for observing the world's most active convective activities over the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC). Rainfall and wind distributions are displayed in nearly real time on the internet. Both scientific understanding and practical concepts on intraseasonal variations (ISVs) interacting with larger (seasonal and interannual) and smaller (diurnal or local) scale phenomena will be established. These are expected to contribute greatly and directly to climatic disaster prevention over the IMC and to global climate change assessment through studies on the global effects of the IMC-induced variations such as El Nino, and through construction of the first climatic database over the IMC.
Decreasing Processes and Conservation of Floodplain Species
Authors: Ashizawa Kazuya ,   School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higasi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan, Okada Hisako , Kuramoto Noboru
Published: April 2016

Japanese rivers flow rapidly, and flooding impacts significantly on floodplains, which consist of multiple habitats containing different species.Aster kantoensisKitam., endemic to a narrow area of midstream cobble floodplains, is decreasing dramatically. Flooding effects on the A.kantoensispopulation are essentially negative in maintaining the population, but effects are partially positive in terms of reproduction. Large-scale flooding, for example, creates the spaces in the edge of cobble that are safe sites for seedling growth. Since A.kantoensisevolved on cobble floodplains, the flood impact in the past was not always negative. The fact that the number of A.kantoensishas dramatically decreased recently makes recovery from floods difficult. A project is now planned to restore cobble floodplains and their endemic species.
Using Game Technique as a Strategy in Promoting Disaster Awareness in Caribbean Multicultural Societies: The Disaster Awareness Game
Authors: Clerveaux Virginia ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan, Spence Balfour , Katada Toshitaka ,   Lecturer, Department of Geography & Geology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, West Indies, Jamaica
Published: April 2016

The high vulnerability of Caribbean countries to multiple hazards is well documented. However, there is a paucity of knowledge related to variations in vulnerability within and among countries. As the Caribbean region moves towards cementing the arrangements for a Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME) that will allow greater multiculturalism among many countries of the region, internal disparities in vulnerability are likely to increase. Disaster managers of the region will be challenged with the development of strategies and techniques that will minimize disparities and allow equity in access to disaster information by all cultural groups. The Disaster Awareness Game (DAG) is a response to this challenge and was designed to evaluate levels of disaster awareness among different groups and countries of the Caribbean region as well as to promote awareness equitably to all cultural groups. Application of the DAG in the multicultural setting of the TCI suggests that this technique can be effective in promoting equitable access to disaster education.
Development of Planning Support System for Urban Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
Authors: Kato Takaaki ,   Deptartment of Urban Engineering, Fuculty of Engineering, the University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, Nakabayashi Itsuki , Ichiko Taro ,   Graduate School of Urban Environmental Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University (TMU) 1-1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji City, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
Published: April 2016

The past post-disaster recovery process had many difficulties in planning. The importance of residents participatory urban planning is true of post-disaster planning and ordinary planning; however, there are difficult problems as follows: time-scale conflict between desire of affected households for swift recovery of their individual lives and enough consideration of urban planning to avoid speed-before-quality planning, unsmooth discussion and consensus building because of mutual conflict of their interest in the residents, and a shortage of professionals in the case that an earthquake disaster hits wide and high-density urbanized region. The concept of "pre-disaster planning" has been propounded as measures to deal with these serious situations after 1995 Hyogo-ken Nambu Earthquake in Japan. Actual measures including "neighborhood community-training program for post-disaster recovery" of Tokyo Metropolitan have been implemented in various approaches. This study has pioneering approach in this context. We focus on planning support technologies based on a geographic information system (GIS) and establish planning support system for post-disaster community-based urban planning, which will smooth discussion and increase efficiency of planning work. An introduction of the system will result in reduction of total time needed on the planning process and supplement of professionals. Though there are some problems that we identified, they will be solved in accumulated experiences such as the training program in the near future.
An Analysis of a Local Government's Disaster Response Activity Records from the Viewpoint of Information Management
Authors: Kondo Shinya ,   The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Memorial Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Inst., 1-5-2 Wakinohama-kaigandori, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0073, Japan, Meguro Kimiro ,   Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
Published: April 2016

For organizations to develop efficient disaster countermeasures, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate past disaster responses, identify problems, and examine their solutions. In this paper, the records of the Niigata Prefectural Government disaster response activities during the Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake of 2004 were analyzed from five viewpoints (constitution, job analysis, workload evaluation, information management, and mutual relations). The reliability of these records was confirmed by relevant prefectural government staff. Based on analysis and discussion, the authors set up an environment to propose countermeasures that aim at improving the organization’s disaster prevention effectiveness.