bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Urgency of Development Digital Comic Teaching Materials in Strengthening Character Education to Prevent Bullying Behavior for High School Students
Authors: Ari Kusumawati Niluh , Djono  , Rejekiningsih Triana
Published: October 2024

The bullying phenomenon that occurs in the school environment shows that educational institutions are unable to provide a conducive and pleasant atmosphere for their students because the school climate seems like a "prison", and even acts of physical and verbal violence in the form of bullying often occur. Prevention of bullying behavior in the school environment can be done through strengthening character education. The lack of bullying educational teaching materials in schools is a serious problem amidst the massive bullying behavior that occurs in the school environment. Based on this phenomenon, the development of digital comic teaching materials to strengthen character education and prevent bullying is very necessary. This research aims to identify the urgency of digital comic teaching materials in strengthening character education to prevent bullying behavior. The method used in this research is quantitative-descriptive, with the research subjects being 259 high school students in Denpasar City. Research results based on student responses show that the character values that need to be instilled to prevent bullying behavior at school are 45% integrity, 23% religious, 20% independence, 10% mutual cooperation, and 2% nationalism. Meanwhile, regarding the condition of teaching materials to strengthen character education and prevent bullying behavior, 90% of students stated that there were no teaching materials. Students' perception of the development of digital comic teaching materials in strengthening character education to prevent bullying is that 84.2% are very interested in the development of digital comic teaching materials. Thus, based on students' perceptions of the development of digital comic teaching materials in strengthening character education to prevent bullying behavior, it is an urgency that must be carried out as a preventive measure in preventing bullying behavior that occurs in the school environment.
AOA Critical Issues Symposium: The Disruptive Physician
Authors: Ramirez Rey N. , Mayerson Joel L. , Lewis Valerae O. , Friedman Alan , Lattanza Lisa
Published: October 2024

Disruptive physician behavior has become a common problem in medicine. Individuals who conduct themselves in a manner that could negatively affect patient care, or “disruptive physicians,” frequently cause stress for patients and staff, are a headache for leadership, and can require expensive remediation. We suggest that rather than “bad apples,” many disruptive physicians are the fruit of a “toxic tree.” That is, many physicians only become disruptive as a response to their environment. It is important for leaders to accurately identify the root causes of disruptive behavior in order to address the problem. In general, it is important for leaders to act prospectively, to examine events from all perspectives, to promote wellness and communication, and to identify external or systemic causes. We also discuss additional considerations for when the physician who has been labeled “disruptive” is a member of an underrepresented group (in orthopaedic surgery, the underrepresented groups are women and racial minorities). As a conclusion, we offer a case example of how 1 institution established a system of physician wellness to enhance prevention efforts.
BANK INDONESIA’S ROLE IN MITIGATING ISSUES OF MONETARY ECONOMIC SOVEREIGNTY AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: Salsabila Dara
Published: October 2024

Bank Indonesia has strategic authority to maintain the stability of monetary conditions in Indonesia through monetary policy. One concern is the risk is the emergence of shadow banking where fintech companies channel funds from the public. In the long term, this situation can impact the operational conditions of the banking system. One of Bank Indonesia’s mandates is to supervise the provision of services by fintech companies (peer-to-peer lending) to align with the national financial and payment vision and mission, including establishing interlinks between fintech and banking to avoid risks posed by shadow banking. Interlinking works if each party is willing to share customer data. If Bank Indonesia requires fintech companies to share customer or user data, it must be based on clear and specific legislation. This is crucial because user data falls under personal data, and the state must guarantee the protection of its citizens’ personal data. This article discusses the importance of legislation regarding the legitimacy of Bank Indonesia’s authority to regulate interlinks between fintech companies and Bank Indonesia, as well as banking institutions, to avoid shadow banking. The article employs a normative legal approach using literature and legal sources.
MANAGING INDONESIAN DATA BREACH NOTIFICATION IN THE FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR: A CASE FOR ONE-STOP NOTIFICATION MODEL
Authors: Algamar Muhammad Deckri , Munir Abu Bakar , Hendro
Published: October 2024

As a business of trust, the banking and financial services industry must protect its reputation to ensure consumer’s confidence. However, recent adoption of emerging internet communication technologies (ICT) have introduced new risks and challenges, such as safeguarding systems from cyberattacks and protecting consumer’s personal data. Cyberattacks, especially ransomware have shed new light on the importance of privacy and security throughout the banking and financial industry’s digitization efforts. Any organisation affected by cybersecurity attacks must face a twofold legal question. First, whether or not there has been a violation of the legal security requirements? Second, is to determine whether the attack triggers Data Breach Notification to the Data Protection Authority and/or Data Owners. This paper examines the complexity of maintaining security obligations under Indonesian Law (UU ITE, UU PDP, RPP PDP, and other relevant regulations) while also highlighting the common challenges in steering Data Breach Notification, with an enhanced perspective of the European General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR) practices. To address the challenges of patchwork data breach notification requirements in Indonesia, this paper proposes a proactive approach by Indonesia’s future Personal Data Protection Authority in creating a one-stop notification model to enable effective data breach incident management and notification.
THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF THE ASSET QUALITY REVIEW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Lukovic Vesna
Published: October 2024

During the financial crisis that started in 2008, banks in the European Union (EU) needed state aid to stay afloat. After years of bailing out failing banks with public money, which led to high public debt levels across the EU, the European Commission introduced the bail-in approach. This approach required stress tests and asset quality reviews (AQR) to identify capital shortfalls in the various banking systems. The idea was to review the quality of banks’ assets, including the collateral valuations and the adequacy of assets and other collateral provisions. This study focuses on the case of Slovenia, the first EU member state that applied a bail-in approach even before it became a legally binding law at the EU level. The Slovenian bail-in led to the cancellation of all subordinated obligations (shares or bonds) held by thousands of investors, mainly private individuals. The information asymmetry and data confidentiality argument together with the applied assumptions in AQR and stress tests have raised questions about the reliability and credibility of the national and EU authorities in this respect. This paper focuses on the social/human dimension of this case by presenting the current situation through the lens of the temporal dimension of former investors’ plight in their legal attempts to challenge those extraordinary measures. The paper revolves around data confidentiality and other issues that have contributed to the fact that this situation remains unresolved, more than ten years after the nationalisation measures. The finding of this analysis is that former investors have had no legal means to effectively challenge nationalisation measures because the authorities in Slovenia have failed to provide an appropriate tool that would be effective and available in practice.
A single-cell panorama of human umbilical cord blood-derived expanded memory-like natural killer cells
Authors: wang yi , Cai Bo , Lei Yangyang , Mo Dan , Li Xinyang , Chen Xinrui , Liu Ruyu , Zhang Tianyao , Liu ZhiQing , Wang Dongmei , Li Bingxia , Lei Yaqing , Liu Tieqiang , Huang Shan , Li Yufang , Yu Xiaoying , Huang Yajing , Sheng Linjun , Yu Changlin , Ning Xin , Feng Mingxing , Zhao Weiwei , Chen Jiaxin Chen , Ai Huisheng , Hu Kaixun , Guo Mei
Published: October 2024

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81800150 to Bo Cai, No. 81670110 to Kaixun Hu, and No. 31500732 to Yi Wang), Translational Research Grant of NCRCH (No. 2020ZKZB02 to Mei Guo), the Foundation for Young Scientists of Chinese PLA General Hospital (No. QNF19043 to Bo Cai, No. QNF19041 to Yi Wang, No. QNC19034 to Kaixun Hu, and No. 22QNFC022 to Linjun Sheng). Natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as a promising cellular immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients. Recent research has focused on umbilical cord blood (UCB) as a source of NK cells, yielding encouraging results. However, the challenge lies in the acquisition for sufficient functional NK cells. We demonstrated that in vitro activation by a combination of cytokines, followed by prolonged expansion (14–20 days) with high doses of IL-2, can induce and expand memory-like NK cells from UCB. These memory-like NK cells displayed augmented proliferation and sustained cytotoxic efficacy.Via single-cell analysis, we detected considerable heterogeneity among UCB-derived NK cells. Notably, memory-like NK cells exhibited a markedly higher proportion displaying a proliferative phenotype. Additionally, we observed elevated levels of the transcription factor HOPX in memory-like NK cells compared to their non-memory-like counterparts. Moreover, we found distinct biological characteristics among memory-like NK cells correlating with varying levels of HOPX expression. In conclusion, we developed a cytokine-based culture system for obtaining functional memory-like NK cells from UCB which displayed specific characteristics.
Trends in Subtypes of and Risk Factors for Stroke in Tianjin, China, 2005-2020
Authors: Wu Hao , Zuo Meimei , Liu Shuai , Ji Yong
Published: October 2024

Objective
A more detailed understanding of stroke is essential for the implementation of effective prevention strategies and mitigation of the disease burden. The aim of our study was to examine the temporal trends in age- and sex-specific risk factors for stroke subtypes in Tianjin.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed stroke data from 2005 to 2020. The trend in the proportion of people hospitalized and age- and sex-specific risk factors were evaluated using linear regression analysis.
Results
Overall, the proportion of AIS (acute ischemic stroke, AIS) showed an upward trend from 64% in 2005 to 80% in 2020, while ICH (intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH) and SAH (subaraclmoid hemorrhage, SAH) showed a downward trend from 26.7% and 15.05% in 2005 to 9.2% and 5.03% in 2020, respectively (p < 0.001). The average age of onset of AIS showed a downward trend from 63.45 years in 2005 to 62.99 years in 2020 (p < 0.001). The trend change was mainly attributed to male patients, the average age of whom decreased from 61.96 in 2005 to 61.49 years in 2020 (p = 0.02). Based on age correlation analysis, people with a cumulative incidence of AIS tended to be younger. Stroke combined with both hypertension and diabetes showed an upward trend for different stroke subtypes, especially AIS and ICH.
Conclusions
In 2005–2020, the average age of onset of stroke in Tianjin, China, was younger. There was a trend toward a younger age, a greater proportion of young people with incident cases and male sex and a trend toward increased common risk factors for stroke. This is of great public health importance because additional interventions for common risk factors are necessary to prevent stroke, particularly in certain populations.
Helicobacter pylori: Accelerating Transition from HGIN to EGC, but a 'Point of No Progress' in deep of Infiltration
Authors: Chen Sihai , Cheng Qing-He , Jiang Mei-Chun , Xie Jun , Hu Yi , Zhao Ru-Lin , Gong Xiao-Ling , Li Nian-Shuang , Xie Yong
Published: October 2024

Background：Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a recognized carcinogen, is known to associate with early gastric cancer (EGC). However, research is lacking on whether this bacterium impacts the infiltration depth in EGC. This study seeks to elucidate the correlation between high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), varying EGC infiltration depths, and H.pylori, providing further insights into the role of H.pylori in GC progression.
Methods:
Between January 2013 and December 2023, a total of 564 patients who underwent endoscopic examination at our gastroscopy center were included in this study. These comprised of 98 cases of HGIN and 466 EGC.
Results:
A total of 564 patients were studied. Univariate regression analysis indicated alcohol consumption history and H.pylori infection as potential risk factors for EGC, whereas age appeared to have a protective effect. Multivariate regression analysis affirmed H.pylori infection remained a significant risk factor for progression from HGIN to EGC (adjusted OR: 3.29 95%CI: 1.77-6.11, P <0.01). However, there was no association between H.pylori infection and invasion depth in EGC (adjusted OR: 1.13 95%CI: 0.70-1.82). Subgroup analysis disclosed no differences in H.pylori infection degree and stage. Additionally, H.pylori infection was no associated with complete resection of ESD in EGC, with depth of infiltration and patient age identified as potential influencing factors.
Conclusion: This study further highlights the role of H.pylori in the Correa model, particularly accelerating the transition from HGIN to EGC. However, H.pyloriinfection does not significantly influence tumor infiltration depth once EGC sets in, suggesting a potential 'point of no progress' within EGC progression.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Sarcopenia Risk in Older Chinese Adults Based on Key Factors
Authors: Sun Qianwei , Shen Lei , Liu Huamin , Lou Zhangqun , Kong Qi
Published: October 2024

Background
Sarcopenia, characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, poses a significant health risk to the aging population. This study aims to construct and validate a predictive model for sarcopenia in elderly Chinese individuals using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).
Methods
We observed participants aged 60 and above without a diagnosis of sarcopenia in 2011 and followed up in 2013 for the incidence of sarcopenia. After excluding participants with missing data, disabilities, cancer, and extreme values, a total of 2,197 individuals were included in the study. Sarcopenia was assessed based on the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. The predictive factors analyzed included sociodemographic characteristics, health status, lifestyle habits, psychological status, pain-related information, and blood biochemical indicators. LASSO-logistic regression and XGBoost machine learning models were employed to identify key predictors and develop the predictive model.
Results
The study identified older age, lower BMI, female gender, memory-related diseases, arthritis or rheumatism, shorter night sleep duration, and lower education level as independent risk factors for sarcopenia. Both methods produced models with high predictive accuracy, though the XGBoost model had a slightly higher AUC than the logistic regression model (0.881 vs. 0.849). However, the difference in AUC between the two models was not statistically significant. The XGBoost model demonstrated higher sensitivity but lower specificity. Ultimately, the logistic regression model was considered the better choice for this study due to its interpretability and comparable performance.
Conclusion
This study identified key risk factors for sarcopenia using machine learning and traditional statistical methods, such as logistic regression, and developed robust predictive models. The findings provide valuable insights for early intervention and management of sarcopenia in the elderly Chinese population, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach to improve health outcomes in this group.
Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant S-1-based chemoradiotherapy in resectable and borderline- resectable pancreatic cancer: A long-term follow-up study
Authors: Shimane Gaku , Kitago Minoru , Endo Yutaka , Aiura Koichi , Yagi Hiroshi , Abe Yuta , Hasegawa Yasushi , Hori Shutaro , Tanaka Masayuki , Nakano Yutaka , Fukada Junichi , Masugi Yohei , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes of S-1-based neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) in patients with resectable or borderline-resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Methods
This retrospective study included patients with PDAC who underwent S-1-based NACRT at our institute between 2010 and 2017.
Results
Forty patients were included in the study, including 15 (37.5%) with resectable PDAC and 25 (62.5%) with borderline-resectable PDAC. The NACRT completion and resection rates were 85.0% (n = 34) and 67.5% (n = 27), respectively. Several grade 3 adverse events were observed, including leukopenia (25.0%), anorexia (17.5%), neutropenia (10.0%), thrombocytopenia (7.5%), febrile neutropenia (2.5%), elevated aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (2.5%) levels, and hyponatremia (2.5%). The R0 resection rate was 70.4% (n = 19/27) in patients who underwent pancreatectomy. Grades 1, 2, and 3 according to the College of American Pathologists grading system were observed in 1 (3.7%), 12 (44.4%), and 14 (51.9%) patients, respectively. Over a median follow-up period of 32.9 months (interquartile range, 9.1–68.0), the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 81.4%, 45.5%, and 30.3%, respectively, in the intention-to-treat analysis. In the curative-intent surgery cohort (n = 27), the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 88.9%, 48.2%, and 37.0%, respectively.
Conclusions
S-1-based NACRT is safe and yields acceptable long-term outcomes for patients with resectable or borderline-resectable PDAC.
Hypoxic Brain Damage in Methadone Misuse: Insights from MRI Imaging and Comparative Study
Authors: Shamooshaki Ali , Faeghi Fariborz , Jomleh Hossein , Azizian Amin , Amanian Dayan , Kouhi Reza
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aimed to investigate the potential presence of brain disorders, particularly hypoxia, via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients misusing methadone, with a comparison to regular opium users and a control group.
Methods: Conducted as a cross-sectional comparative study at Kamali Hospital in Karaj, Iran, the research included male participants comprising methadone users, opium users, and controls. Inclusion criteria were stringent, focusing on substance use duration and absence of brain structural disorders. MRI scans were performed using a 1.5T MRI scanner. Qualitative MRI assessments and chi-square tests analyzed associations between substance use and hypoxia, while logistic regression examined potential confounding variables.
Results: Significant hypoxia was observed in the methadone group (16.7%, 5/24; p = 0.00057), with no cases in the opium or control groups. Logistic regression analysis showed no significant predictors of hypoxia regarding dose, duration of use, or age. MRI findings in methadone users with hypoxia included varied ADC intensities, high signal intensities on T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences, and angiogenesis patterns on TOF sequences. The co-use of methadone and alcohol was noted in three of the five hypoxia cases.
Conclusion: Methadone misuse, particularly with alcohol, poses a significant risk of hypoxia, detectable via MRI. This study underscores the need for routine MRI monitoring, stricter regulation of non-prescribed methadone, and enhanced public health education to mitigate misuse risks. Future research should expand sample sizes and incorporate advanced imaging techniques to further elucidate methadone's neurological impact.
The Essential Role of N-Glycosylation in Integrin αV and uPAR Interaction in Glioblastoma
Authors: Ferreira Gretel Magalí , Cuello Hector Adrian , Nogueira Aylen Camila , Castillo Jeremias Omar , Rojo Selene , Gulino Cynthia Antonella , Segatori Valeria Inés , Gabri Mariano Rolando
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in adults, characterized by poor patient survival rates. The glycoproteins Integrin αV (IαV), and the Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) are key contributors to tumor malignancy in GBM, and although their interaction is well-described, the role of glycans in this process has been scarcely evaluated. Better understanding this interaction could enhance our knowledge of the disease and lead to potential new therapeutics.METHODS We investigated the interaction between IαV and uPAR in human GBM, A172 and LN229, and low-grade glioma, SW1088, cell lines. Expression of these proteins was confirmed via confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. The role of N-glycosylation was evaluated using the inhibitor Swainsonine (SW) and glycosidase PNGase F. Glycoproteomic analysis by mass spectrometry identified glycosylation sites and differential structures on IαV. The impact of sialic acids and specific glycan structures was assessed using Neuraminidase (NeuA) and lectin binding assays.RESULTS The expression of IαV and uPAR, as well as their interaction, was confirmed in GBM cells but not in low-grade glioma cells, even when uPAR was overexpressed. SW and PNGase treatments markedly reduced IαV/uPAR interaction, highlighting the importance of N-glycosylation. Mass spectrometry analysis showed six glycosylation sites on IαV in GBM cells, with complex and hybrid N-glycans, while only oligomannose N-glycans were detected in low-grade glioma cells. NeuA treatment also reduced IαV/uPAR interaction, underscoring the role of sialic acids. Lectin assays suggested β1–6 branched glycans at specific sites are crucial for this interaction. Inhibition of N-glycosylation and sialic acid removal both decreased AKT phosphorylation, indicating a significant role of these glycans in integrin/uPAR signaling.CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate for the first time the interaction between IαV and uPAR in GBM cells, highlighting the critical role of N-glycosylation, particularly β1–6 branched glycans and sialic acids.
Performance of Computer-Aided Detection and Quality of Bowel Preparation: A Comprehensive Analysis of Colonoscopy Outcomes
Authors: Norwood Dalton A. , Thakkar Shyam , Cartee Amanda , Sarkis Fayez , Torres-Herman Tatiana , Montalvan-Sanchez Eleazar E. , Russ Kirk , Ajayi-Fox Patricia , Hameed Anam , Mulki Ramzi , Sanchez-Luna Sergio , Morgan Douglas R. , Peter Shajan
Published: October 2024

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for detecting and characterising colorectal polyps during colonoscopy, offering potential enhancements in traditional colonoscopy procedures to improve outcomes in patients with inadequate bowel preparation.Aims This study aimed to assess the impact of an artificial intelligence (AI) tool on Computer-Aided Detection (CADe) assistance during colonoscopy in this population.Methods This case-control study utilized propensity score matching (PSM) for age, sex, race, and colonoscopy indication to analyze a database of patients who underwent colonoscopy at a single tertiary referral center between 2017 and 2023. Patients were excluded if the procedure was incomplete or aborted owing to poor preparation. The patients were categorized based on the use of AI during colonoscopy. Data on patient demographics and colonoscopy performance metrics were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to compare the groups.Results After PSM patients with adequately prepped colonoscopies (n = 1466), the likelihood of detecting hyperplastic polyps (OR = 2.0, 95%CI:1.7–2.5, p < 0.001), adenomas (OR = 1.47, 95%CI:1.19–1.81, p < 0.001), and sessile serrated polyps (OR = 1.90, 95%CI:1.20–3.03, p = 0.007) significantly increased with the inclusion of CADe. In inadequately prepped patients (n = 160), CADe exhibited a more pronounced impact on the polyp detection rate (OR = 4.34, 95%CI:1.6–6.16, p = 0.049) and adenomas (OR = 2.9, 95%CI:2.20–8.57, p < 0.001), with a marginal increase in withdrawal and procedure times.Conclusions This study highlights the significant improvement in detecting diminutive polyps (< 5 mm) and sessile polyps using CADe, though notably, this benefit was only seen in patients with adequate bowel preparation. In conclusion, the integration of AI in colonoscopy, driven by artificial intelligence, promises to significantly enhance lesion detection and diagnosis, revolutionize the procedure's effectiveness, and improve patient outcomes.
Exploring the accuracy of self-reported evacuation experiences following controlled experiments
Authors: Cuesta Arturo , Balboa Adriana , Hoppe Carlos , Ortiz Gemma , Alvear Daniel
Published: October 2024

Researchers often use survey methods to study how people behave during building fire evacuations. However, reports on the accuracy of this information are lacking. In this study, individuals (n = 185) recalled details shortly after participating in evacuation experiments. This information was compared to the observed evacuation performances. Our findings suggest that the accuracy of self-reports on evacuation experiences is influenced by the type of information being recalled and reported. Results showed a perfect agreement for the recalled actions (Cohen's kappa k = 0.97) a moderate agreement for evacuation paths (k = 0.51) and time judgements (k = 0.47), a fair agreement for cue perceptions (k = 0.23) and a slight agreement for self-perceived roles (k = 0.04). While the results are more suggestive than conclusive, this study offers valuable insights into the potential biases associated with self-reported accounts in evacuation research.
PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody-Conjugated PEGylated Nanoparticles forBrain Cancer Immuno-Chemotherapy via Activation of STING Pathway
Authors: Dewangan Hitesh Kumar , Alam Perwez
Published: October 2024

Immunotherapy for cancer is regarded as an alternative to conventional chemotherapy. Novel approach to cancer treatment called STING-targeted activation is being studied in great detail. Thus, self-assembly PEGylated coated, ovalbumin (OVA), loaded PC7A polymer, conjugated with PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) [OVA-PEG-PC7-A-mAb] was prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation. Further, physicochemical characterization and release kinetic was performed. Further, PD-L1-mAb-conjugated NPs, investigated for cellular-uptake, cytotoxic-effects, and apoptosis in PD-L1-expressing human GC cell lines, and in vivo pharmacokinetic and bio-distribution study was performed. The investigation of structure and interaction activity of PD-L1-OVA-PEG-PC7-A-mAb NPs involved the utilization of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of PD-L1-mAbs on the surface of NPs. Cellular-uptake examination demonstrated that NPs conjugated with antibodies exhibited expressively enhanced levels of cellular-uptake. NPs demonstrated by in-vitro cytotoxicity experiment on 6-glioma cell lines proof the targeting efficiency. Ova-PEG-PC7-A-mAb, NPs showed greatest STING pathway activation, confirmed by higher release of IFN-𝛽) and IL-6. In-vivo study biodistribution and pharmacokinetic confirm the specific targeting in brain region. Our findings, presented here, demonstrate that biological immune-therapeutic potential of OVA-PEG-PC7-A-mAb NPs by activation mechanism of the STING pathway using PD-L1 mAbs in brain cancer therapy.
Establishing the QResearch Pregnancy Register in the QResearch® database: methods and cohort description
Authors: Snelling Andrew JHL , Copland Emma , Mei Winnie , Mtika Wema M. , Ranger Tom , Coupland Carol , Consortium QResearch Pregnancy , Sheikh Aziz , Hippisley-Cox Julia , Hirst Jennifer A.
Published: October 2024

Electronic health records can be used to facilitate research in pregnancy. This work describes the construction of a novel algorithm to create a unified pregnancy cohort in the QResearch database, during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, for England. National GP records in the QResearch® database were linked to patient-level data from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) datasets. Females aged 15-50 years with a pregnancy recorded between December 2020 and September 2022 were included. Pregnancy (delivery/loss) episodes were identified and cohort demographics reported using a three-stage algorithm. 266,758 women with 279,027 pregnancies were identified. 232,673 pregnancies (83%) resulted in a delivery (99.6% live births and 0.4% stillbirths). 46,354 (17%) pregnancies resulted in a pregnancy loss. Pregnancy losses were highest amongst those of Caribbean (23.1%; n=781) ethnicity and lowest in those of Pakistani ethnicity (14.4%, n=1,579). The QResearch Pregnancy Register offers a useful and adaptable resource for future research on pregnancy exposures, outcomes, and events.
18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol PET for Noninvasive Detection of Invasive Mold Infections in Patients
Authors: Jain Sanjay , Ruiz-Gonzalez Carlos , Meza Oscar Nino , Masias-Leon Yuderleys , Kronenberg Amy , Shambles Lynn , Chen Xueyi , Tucker Elizabeth , Lodge Martin , Carroll Laurence , Cooke Kenneth , Kates Olivia , Shoham Shmuel , Zhang Sean
Published: October 2024

Invasive mold infections are a major cause of mortality in immunosuppressed and cancer patients. Diagnosis is challenging, requiring invasive procedures or reliance on fungal biomarkers with limited sensitivity and an inability to detect non-Aspergillus molds. Here, we perform whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxysorbitol (18F-FDS) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) in nine prospectively enrolled patients with high-suspicion of invasive mold infections (eventually confirmed using culture or molecular assays) or other pathologies (NCT05611892). 18F-FDS PET/CT is safe and can rapidly detect and localize invasive pulmonary and cerebral infections due to Aspergillus, non-Aspergillus (galactomannan-negative), or azole-resistant (Aspergillus calidoustus) molds, and differentiate them from sterile inflammation or cancer. Moreover, 18F-FDS selectively and rapidly accumulates intracellularly in a wide range of clinically relevant molds, including azole-resistant molds, via a saturable process. Tissue histology from eight patients with invasive mold infections demonstrates that lesional biomass occupied by molds is ~50-fold higher than for bacterial infections. In animals, 18F-FDS PET/CT is able to detect and localize pulmonary and cerebral aspergillosis, as well as rhinosinusal infections due to Aspergillus, Rhizopus, and Mucor, confirming the clinical data. 18F-FDS PET represents a promising, noninvasive diagnostic tool for the detection and localization of invasive mold infections throughout the body.
Allein aber vernetzt : Digitale (Un)gleichheiten und soziale Netzwerke bei alleinlebenden Menschen im Alter ; White Paper
Authors: Werny Rafaela , Leontowitsch Miranda , Leinweber Lukas , Henning Smilla , Oswald Frank
Published: October 2024

Das partizipative Forschungsprojekt "Allein aber vernetzt? Digitale (Un)gleichheiten und soziale Netzwerke bei alleinlebenden Menschen" beschäftigte sich von 2021-2024 mit Alleinlebenden im Alter, ihren Beziehungsnetzwerken und der Frage welche Rolle digitale Geräte und die Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche in diesem Zusammenhang spielen. Durch die Zusammenarbeit mit einer Gruppe von Ko-Forschenden in Frankfurt und Egelsbach stand die Perspektive der Gruppe im Mittelpunkt. Im vorliegenden White Paper wird das Projekt sowie zentrale Ergebnisse und die erarbeiteten Handlungsempfehlungen der deutschen Teilstudie vorgestellt. Diese wurde vom BMBF gefördert und ist Teil des europäischen Verbundprojektes "EQualCare - Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone" der Joint Programming Initiative (JPI) “More Years Better Lives”.
Exploring the role of artificial intelligence technology in empowering women-led startups
Authors: Alateeg Sultan , Al-Ayed Sura
Published: October 2024

The study aims to investigate how artificial intelligence (AI) influences women-led startups in Saudi Arabia, aiming to understand their unique experiences, challenges, and opportunities within the AI technology landscape. This study used a qualitative method, conducting 16 in-depth interviews with women entrepreneurs operating businesses in Saudi Arabia. The analysis was performed using thematic analysis with NVivo 12, uncovering key themes and insights. The findings reveal that cultural norms, societal expectations, limited awareness, and financial constraints are directly associated with women’s involvement in AI-driven businesses. Cultural biases emerged as impediments, underscoring the need for targeted interventions such as awareness campaigns and educational initiatives to dismantle ingrained biases and foster an environment that recognizes and celebrates the contributions of women in the tech and AI sectors. Educational programs, collaborations between academia and industry, and mentorship initiatives were identified as pivotal components to prepare women entrepreneurs to navigate the intricate landscape of AI adoption. Financial inclusion emerged as a critical pillar, advocating for equitable access to funding and resources tailored specifically for women-led AI startups. The study further emphasizes the importance of fostering supportive ecosystems that extend beyond financial aid. Creating networks for mentorship, guidance, and collaboration provides women entrepreneurs with platforms to share experiences and resources, enhancing resilience and the potential for success in the AI landscape.
Acknowledgment The authors extend their appreciation to the Arab Open University for funding this work through research fund No. AOUKSA-524008.
PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO: O DESAFIO DA MOBILIDADE URBANA NA CIDADE DE MANHUAÇU (MG)
Authors: Louback Nelsino Junio de Freitas , De Souza Reginaldo Adriano , De Souza José Carlos , Ventura Rita De Cássia Martins de Oliveira , Moreira Rosane Aparecida
Published: October 2024

Este estudo abordou a importância do planejamento estratégico e os efeitos negativos causados pela sua ausência no desenvolvimento da cidade de Manhuaçu (MG). As falhas gerenciais perduraram por décadas e a cidade, que é um polo regional, se vê diante de diversos problemas de mobilidade que afetam a vida de moradores e visitantes. Soma-se ainda o exponencial aumento da frota de veículos que não foi acompanhado pelo desenvolvimento das vias públicas. Diante desse contexto, foi analisada a opinião pública sobre os transtornos enfrentados pelas ruas da cidade, bem como buscou-se uma resposta da gestão local. Para a pesquisa, foram utilizados métodos quantitativos e qualitativos, como survey e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados mostraram o pessimismo da população diante do atual cenário, suas principais queixas, além de mostrar a relação conflituosa entre a gestão municipal e o órgão federal que administra a rodovia que atravessa a cidade. O crescimento desordenado reflete não somente em problemas estruturais, como também sociais. O artigo expõe a necessidade de um planejamento estratégico adequado que sustente o desenvolvimento de Manhuaçu e dê continuidade ao importante papel da cidade para a região.
EFFECTS OF PREPARATION METHOD ON CATALYTIC BEHAVIOR OF Ni-Me (Me = Co, Nb)/γ-Al2O3 FOR OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF ETHANE
Authors: Hurtado Cotillo Mario , López Nieto José M. , Solsona Benjamín , Sun Kou Rosario , Picasso Gino
Published: October 2024

Catalysts based on Ni-Me (Me = Co, Nb) supported on γ-Al2O3 were prepared by the coprecipitation-chemical deposition method via reflux, and hydrothermal method for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. For coprecipitation method, ammonia and urea were used as precipitating agents. In both methods, the Ni content was 30 wt.%, whereas that of Me (Co, Ni) was 5 wt.%. The activity and selectivity towards ethylene appeared to depend strongly on the composition of the catalysts and, interestingly, on the preparation conditions. In the present article, it is shown that mixed hydrothermal samples using urea showed the best performance. Specifically, the hydrothermally prepared NiNb/γ-Al2O3 sample was the one that showed the highest values. The introduction of Nb to Ni framework allowed to enrich with nucleophilic oxygen sites displayed via X-ray photoelectronic spectra (XPS) which lead to the formation of low reducible and selective sites.
Biochemical, Mineral, and Vitamin Composition of Belarusian Linseed Cultivars
Authors: Lobanov Vladimir , Roslyakov Yuri , Maslinskaya Margarita , Pochitskaya Irina , Komarova Natalia
Published: October 2024

Linseeds are a promising source of biologically valuable substances, essential amino acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, antioxidants, and essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. The article describes the biochemical, mineral, and vitamin composition of Belarusian flax varieties. The research objective was to select cultivars for functional food production.
The study featured ten linseed cultivars, i.e., Ilim, Opus, Brestskiy, Salut, Fokus, Allyans, Dar, Vizir, Slavyanin, and Bonus. In 2020–2021, the authors planted plots of 1 m2 in triplicate for each cultivar. The experimental field belonged to the Institute of Flax, Ustye, Republic of Belarus. The study followed standar d methods to determine the content of micronutrients.
All flax varieties proved to be a reliable source of vegetable fat (≤44.8%), protein (≤25.1%), and fiber (≤26.0%). The maximal content of α-linolenic acid belonged to Salut (63.0%), Vizir (61.4%), and Bonus (61.8%). The average mineral content was as follows: 7,500.0–10,625.0 mg/kg potassium, 5,700.0–7,522.5 mg/kg phosphorus, 2,300.0–2,605.0 mg/kg magnesium, 1,200.0–1,922.5 mg/kg calcium, 45.0–56.0 mg/kg iron, and 124.5–190.0 mg/kg sodium. The maximal content of vitamin B1 was registered in the samples of Salut (0.91 mg/100 g) and Brestskiy (1.08 mg/100 g); the maximal content of vitamin B2 belonged to the samples of Dar (0.058 mg/100 g), Ilim (0.057 mg/100 g), and Brestskiy (0.056 mg/100 g); the maximal content of vitamin E (tocopherol) was found in the samples of Salut (12.6 mg/100 g), Dar (12.07 mg/100 g), and Opus (12.35 mg/100 g). The linseeds were not suitable for high-quality food flour production after room temperature storage because the acid number increased by 64–73%.
The excellent biological value of Belarusian flax cultivars demonstrated good prospects as highly active functional ingredients in new functional foods.
Micronization of Small-Amount Preservatives
Authors: Averyanova Elena , Shkolnikova Marina , Pavlova Natalia , Rozhnov Evgeny
Published: October 2024

Natural preservatives are a global trend in the food industry. As a rule, they are traditional herbs or spices. Flavonoids inhibit microbial activity. However, they are effective only when their distribution in the food matrix is uniform. This uniformity is achieved by increasing their solubility, e.g., by micronization. The research assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of micronization of a plant preservative using a purified flavonoi d fraction obtained from defatted sea-buckthorn meal.
The study featured samples of purified flavonoid fraction of sea-buckthorn meal with different dispersions. Their solubility, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial activity, and fungicidal effect were assessed by standard methods.
Micronization under ultrasonic conditions and cryogenic grinding increased the solubility in water, ethyl, and oil. Ultrasonic micronization proved efficient as it produced particles of 1,400 nm under rational conditions, i.e., 50 W ultrasonic vibration in a 0.5% suspension for 10 min. The sample obtained in this way increased the rate of catalase reaction by 19% relative to the control sample while maintaining a constant rate of glutathione reduction. Its antioxidant activity increased fourfold. The samples demonstrated bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as fungistatic activity against Candida albicans.
Purified flavonoid fraction of sea-buckthorn meal micronized under ultrasonic conditions can be recommended as a natural preservative in various food systems.
Ozone in Grain Storage and Processing: Review
Authors: Bahchevnikov Oleg , Braginets Andrey
Published: October 2024

Green technologies are gaining popularity in agriculture and the food industry, including such areas as disinfection and detoxification of grain and its products. Ozonation is an effective disinfection procedure. However, scientific data on grain ozonation are scattered and incomplete. The article offers a review and a critical analysis of scientific publications that feature ozonation in grain processing and storage.
The keyword search covered publications indexed in eLIBRARY.RU, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, MDPI, and Springer Link in 2013–2023.
In grain storage and processing, ozonation serves as a green technology of disinfection and detoxification of raw materials and finished products. It increases storage life but does not affect human or animal health. Ozone proved to possess antimicrobial, fungicidal, and insecticidal properties. It was able to degrade mycotoxins and pesticides. The publications reviewed did not report any evidence that ozone reduces the quality of grain or bakery products. On the contrary, it disintegrated quickly, without
developing any toxic compounds. Ozone treatment depends on many factors, e.g., raw material humidity, ozone concentration, treatment time, environmental pH and temperature, form of application, etc. In general, ozonation was reported to improve
the quality of wheat flour and its products. However, rational variables require additional research. Ozonation of grain and its products was often described as cost-effective.
Ozonation has the potential to find extensive application as a green technology that ensures disinfection and detoxification of grain raw materials and finished products, which also means good prospects for grain storage and processing.
Prospects for Integrated Processing of Black Currant
Authors: Kodentsova Vera , Risnik Dmitry , Serba Elena , Abramova Irina , Sokolova Elena , Kryuchkova Elizaveta , Rimareva Liubov
Published: October 2024

Black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) is one of the most popular berries in Russia. Its biochemical properties make it part of a healthy diet. This review describes the role of black currant and its by-products in the food industry and defines its nutritional value, i.e., vitamin C, anthocyanins, and dietary fiber. It covered original Russian and English research articles and reviews published in 2015-2023 and indexed in the Russian Research Citation Index or Pubmed databases. The keywords were black currant in Russian and English.
Black currant berries are rich in dietary fiber, polyphenolic compounds, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and potassium. They cover human needs for these nutrients. Added to fermented dairy and grain foods at 5-20%, fresh or processed berries fortify them with dietary fiber, vitamin C, and anthocyanins while reducing energy value. As ingredients with color, taste, and aromatic compounds, black currant berries and their secondary products can be introduced into the formulations of various alcoholic beverages. Berry pomace is a technologically functional ingredient with a moisture-retaining ability that increases the antioxidant capacity of the final product. Juice and aqueous extracts of black currant pomace are used as picklers for fish and meat products to increase their microbiological safety and shelf-life.
Complex processing of black currant berries is feasible as they are a valuable source of dietary fiber, vitamin C, and anthocyanins. Products of their processing provide a concentrate of dietary fiber with natural antioxidants. However, functional foods as sources of biologically active substances need to follow special criteria for fortified products. Black currant and its by-products are a potential source of valuable biologically active substances. In small quantities, they can expand the range of food products but fail to satisfy human diet with biologically active substances or reduce the overall energy value.
Seasonal Dynamics of Tissue Lipids in Bivalve Mollusk Cerastoderma glaucum of Supralittoral Zone
Authors: Borodina Alexandra , Pimenov Konstantin , Velyaev Yuri , Osokin Alexander
Published: October 2024

Cerastoderma glaucum is a bivalve mollusk that inhabits the supralittoral zone of the Black Sea. It is a potential object of commercial aquaculture, which makes its lipid profile and adaptation mechanisms a prospective research topic. The authors analyzed the annual patterns in total lipids, phospholipids, polyglycerides, diglycerides, sterols, free fatty acids, and triacylglycerides to obtain the fatty acid profile of C. glaucum, harvested from the supralittoral zone of the upper Kazachya Bay, Sevastopol, Russia.
The mollusks were collected in the winter, spring, and autumn of 2021–2022. This research featured their gills, foot, and hepatopancreas. An integrated methodological approach was used to d etermine total lipids, classify them, and study fatty acids.
The total lipid level was 2.4–15.1 g/100 g raw weight. During the year, the dynamics of total lipids in the tissues of foot and gills varied from the highest values in the spring (9.6 ± 1.6 and 4.9 ± 1.9 g/100 g raw weight, respectively) to the lowest in the autumn (5.5 ± 0.5 and 2.5 ± 0.4 g/100 g raw weight, respectively). In the hepatopancreas, it peaked the winter and dropped in the autumn (19.4 ± 1.9 and 2.9 ± 0.4 g/100 g raw weight, respectively). In the winter, all tissue samples demonstrated a significant decrease in triacylglycerides. The composition of fatty acids and total lipids in all tissues included 23 types, i.e., nine saturated (35–40%), eight monounsaturated (15–34%), and six polyunsaturated (5.8–29%) from the families of omega-3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 13. Palmitic and oleic acids were among the dominant fatty acids.
Seasonal dynamics of lipids in the samples of foot, gills, and hepatopancreas of C. glaucum revealed some general patterns. In the spring, total lipids peaked while structural and storage lipids had a uniform distribution. In the autumn and winter, total lipids went down whereas structural lipids increased. The fatty acid profile of C. glaucum from the supralittoral zone of the Black Sea differed from those of the same species from o ther regions.