bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Study on the Data Mining-Based Prediction of Students’ Performance for Effective and Sustainable E-Learning
Authors: Staneviciene Evelina , Gudoniene Daina , Punys Vytenis , Kukstys Arturas
Published: November 2024

The study explores the application of data analytics and machine learning to forecast academic outcomes, with the aim of ensuring effective and sustainable e-learning. Technological study programs in universities often experience high dropout rates, which makes it essential to analyze and predict potential risks to reduce dropout percentages. Student performance prediction (SPP) offers potential benefits, including personalized learning and early interventions. However, challenges such as (1) data quality and availability and (2) incomplete and inconsistent data complicate this process. Moreover, to support the fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), we focus on the quality of education. A case study approach is used using data mining techniques, particularly classification, regression, and clustering, to predict student performance. The case presented aims to predict risks and ensure academic success and quality. The cross-industry standard process for data mining (CRISP-DM) methodology is used to structure and guide the prediction process. The study shows that using data from student learning processes within an academic success prediction model and data mining can identify at-risk students.
Optimizing Water Resource Allocation for Food Security: An Evaluation of China’s Water Rights Trading Policy
Authors: Lyu Handong , Xing Hongfei , Duan Taixiang
Published: November 2024

Water scarcity is a critical barrier to sustainable food production and food security. To address this issue, China introduced a pilot policy for water rights trading in 2014. Using panel data from 29 provinces (cities and districts) in China from 2006 to 2022, this paper investigates the impact of the water rights trading policy on food security and explores its underlying mechanisms through the DID model. It is found that (1) the water rights trading policy substantially boosts food production in pilot areas and mitigates the effects of water scarcity on food security. (2) The water rights trading policy enhances food security by advancing water-saving irrigation technology and optimizing crop-planting structures. (3) The impact of the water rights trading policy proves more pronounced in areas with lower water use efficiency and higher food production potential. Therefore, it is recommended that the government continue advancing the water rights trading policy and adjust it dynamically based on regional differences. Additionally, strengthening guidance on water-saving irrigation technologies and optimizing cropping structures will further enhance the adaptive capacity of the agricultural system, helping to ensure food security.
Time-Varying Spillover Effects of Carbon Prices on China’s Financial Risks
Authors: Lyu Jingye , Li Zimeng
Published: November 2024

As China’s financial markets become increasingly integrated and the carbon market undergoes financialization, the impact of carbon emission price fluctuations on financial markets has emerged as a key area of systemic risk research. This study employs the Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model and the optimal Copula function to investigate the dynamic correlation between carbon prices and China’s financial markets. Building on this, the Monte Carlo simulation and Copula CoVaR models are used to explore the spillover effects of carbon price volatility on China’s financial markets. The findings reveal the following: (1) Carbon price fluctuations generate spillover effects on all financial markets, but the intensity varies across different markets. The foreign exchange market experiences the strongest spillover effect, followed by the bond market, while the stock and money markets are relatively less affected. (2) The optimal Copula functions differ between the carbon market and China’s financial markets, indicating heterogeneous characteristics across regional markets. (3) There is a degree of interdependence between the carbon market and various sub-markets in China’s financial system. The carbon market has the strongest positive correlation with the commodity market and a relatively high negative correlation with the real estate market. These findings underscore the importance of integrating carbon price volatility into financial risk management frameworks. For policymakers, it highlights the need to consider market stability measures when crafting carbon emission regulations. Market managers can leverage these insights to develop strategies that mitigate risk spillover effects, while investors can use this analysis to inform their portfolio diversification and risk assessment processes.
Association of Acute Rejection and De Novo Renal Cell Carcinoma in Kidney Transplant Patients: An OPTN Data Analysis
Authors: Casey Molly E. , Yanacek Emmalie , Kaul Hitesh , Knorr John P. , Khanmoradi Kamran , Parsikia Afshin , Chandolias Nikolaos , Zarrabi Kevin K. , Zaki Radi
Published: November 2024

Background: Kidney Transplant Recipients (KTRs) are at risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The risk of RCC in KTRs is approximated to be 5–10 times higher compared with the general population. A relation between kidney rejection and renal malignancy has been described and relates to the effect of immunosuppression at the genomic level. We decided to investigate any suggestive clinical evidence of this in the OPTN database. Methods: KTRs with de novo RCC between July 2004 and June 2022 were identified. Demographics, baseline characteristics, virology, and immunology data were compared between patients with and without RCC. Our follow-up period was four hundred (400) days. A multivariate regression analysis of the data was conducted. Results: In a total of 215,928 kidney transplant recipients, we identified 839 cases of RCC (0.39%). On multivariate analysis, patients who experienced acute rejection both before hospital discharge (OR 1.559; p = 0.037) and during the follow-up period (OR 1.448; p = 0.002) showed a statistically significant increased risk of developing RCC. Conclusions: Our study is an analysis of a large cohort of KTRs diagnosed with RCC. We observed that RCC appeared more frequently in the kidney transplant recipients that were complicated by acute rejection during transplant admission or follow-up period.
An Analysis of Variance of the Pantheon+ Dataset: Systematics in the Covariance Matrix?
Authors: Keeley Ryan E. , Shafieloo Arman , L’Huillier Benjamin
Published: November 2024

We investigate the statistics of the available Pantheon+ dataset. Noticing that the χ2 value for the best-fit ΛCDM model to the real data is small, we quantify how significant its smallness is by calculating the distribution of χ2 values for the best-fit ΛCDM model fit to mock Pantheon+-like datasets, using the provided covariance matrix. We further investigate the distribution of the residuals of the Pantheon+ dataset with respect to the best-fit ΛCDM model, and notice that they scatter less than would be expected from the covariance matrix but find no significant kurtosis. These results point to the conclusion that the Pantheon+ covariance matrix is over-estimated. One simple interpretation of these results is a ∼7% overestimation of errors on SN distance moduli in Pantheon+ data. When the covariance matrix is reduced by subtracting an intrinsic scatter term from the diagonal terms of the covariance matrix, the best-fit χ2 for the ΛCDM model achieves a normal value of 1580 and no deviation from ΛCDM is detected. We further quantify how consistent the ΛCDM model is with respect to the modified data with the subtracted covariance matrix using model-independent reconstruction techniques such as the iterative smoothing method. We find that the standard model is consistent with the data. There are a number of potential explanations for this smallness of the χ2, such as a Malmquist bias at high redshift, or accounting for systematic uncertainties by adding them to the covariance matrix, thus approximating systematic uncertainties as statistical ones.
The Potential of One-Sided Traditional Windcatchers for Outdoor Use as a Sustainable Urban Feature
Authors: Ghandi Hossein , Leone Mattia Federico
Published: November 2024

Urbanization is exacerbating heat islands, causing adverse effects on life and health, including thermal stress. This highlights the importance of using natural resources for thermal regulation, particularly through historically employed passive strategies. Windcatchers have traditionally been installed in arid and hot areas to provide thermal comfort (TC), especially in indoor spaces. However, despite significant internal shape development, a notable gap remains in exploring their outdoor applications. This paper investigates a new integrated design for a one-sided windcatcher, which captures wind through a single inlet by combining traditional principles with modern sustainable features, such as green façade, to enhance outdoor urban space. The design concept was developed in two stages: the “Initial Design Step” and the “Geometrical Assessment”, utilizing iterative computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of windcatchers for outdoor applications using an upstream, curved shaft and guide vanes, tested at wind velocities of 1.5 m/s for a 5 m high windcatcher and 4 m/s for a 10 m high windcatcher. The study revealed a meaningful relationship among the parameters, as they influence each other. Achieving optimal performance requires careful control of the parameters, such as balancing the inner wall curvature and inlet size to optimize airflow dynamics. In urban contexts, turbulence and morphology affect airflow but can be mitigated through regionally tailored windcatcher designs. Nevertheless, several critical research gaps remain, highlighting the windcatcher’s potential for improvement and the need for further investigation in future studies.
Indoor PM2.5 and Heavy Metal Composition in Blacksmithing Factories: A Pilot Study in Bandung Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Oginawati Katharina , Faiqah Naja Safira Al , Suharyanto  , Regia Rinda Andhita , Amin Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study assessed PM2.5 concentrations and heavy metal composition in blacksmith workshops located in Mekarmaju village, Bandung Regency, Indonesia. The PM2.5 levels measured across seven workshops showed significantly elevated concentrations, ranging from 166.88 µg/m3 to 513.80 µg/m3, greatly exceeding the indoor air quality recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Chemical analysis revealed toxic heavy metals within PM2.5, including iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb), with total heavy metal concentrations varying significantly between workshops. The highest concentration was recorded in workshop B (61.8 µg/m3), while the lowest was in workshop F (6.1 µg/m3). These metals are associated with severe health risks such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, neurotoxicity, and increased cancer risk with prolonged exposure. Strong correlations between PM2.5 and metals such as Fe, Cr, and Mn indicate that emissions from metalworking processes are primary sources of indoor pollution. Although this pilot study provides crucial baseline data, limitations such as a short sampling duration and a small sample size suggest the need for further research. Future studies should include long-term, continuous monitoring and detailed chemical speciation to enhance our understanding of occupational health risks.
Validating the Construct of Environmental Attitude in Urban Nepal Using the Two-Dimensional Model of Ecological Values
Authors: Regmi Shakil , Johnson Bruce
Published: November 2024

The Two-Dimensional Model of Ecological Values (2-MEV) explores the environmental values and attitudes of adolescents, typically 11–16 years old. The 2-MEV has two higher-order factors (values), Preservation and Utilisation, and primary factors (attitudes) under each value. The 2-MEV Scale has been validated in several industrialised countries, showing a negative but weak to moderate correlation between the two values. When in a previous study the scale was tested in rural Nepal, a non-industrialised country, the relationship between the two values was also negative but much stronger. The aim of the present study was to test this unusual relationship using the scale in urban Nepal. Five hundred forty-seven adolescents responded to the 25 items, which were reduced to 19 items after exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The model used in the urban setting resulted in a weak, negative corelation between the two values, which is similar to the structure that has been found in industrialised countries. However, the characteristics of environmental attitudes of adolescents in urban Nepal showed a strong similarity to the characteristics found in the previous study in rural Nepal. Therefore, the construct or structure of environmental attitude does not appear to be dependent on the socioeconomic status of a country/community. The results also showed slightly higher pro-environmental attitudes in adolescents in the urban community compared to the rural community of Nepal.
Antiscience, Vaccine Hesitancy, and Pandemic Responses: Highlights from the Asia Pacific Summit on Infectious Diseases and Immunization
Authors: Seth Ananta , Sevdalis Nick , Ismail Zulkifli , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki , Larson Heidi J. , Pangestu Tikki
Published: November 2024

The recent resurgence of mpox highlights the urgent need for rethinking vaccination strategies globally, underscored by the painful memories of past public health crises where delayed responses and inequitable vaccine distribution exacerbated the spread of infectious diseases. The inaugural APIC-ADVA Asia Pacific Summit on Infectious Diseases and Immunization, themed “Vaccination for All: Access, Confidence and Equity (ACE)”, was held in Singapore from 31 October to 1 November 2023 in an attempt to present best practices and hard-won insights from battling COVID-19 and other pandemics in the Asia-Pacific region. This summit was co-convened by the Asia-Pacific Immunization Coalition (APIC) and Asia Dengue Voice and Action (ADVA). Local, regional, and international experts from academia, research and representatives from the Ministries of Health, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) participated in the 2 day summit. With more than 230 speakers and delegates from over 15 countries, and 4 symposia over 2 full days, the first APIC-ADVA Asia Pacific Summit on Infectious Diseases and Immunization highlighted critical issues affecting vaccine access, confidence, and equity, and emphasized the importance of safeguarding the world from existing infections and future pandemics through immunization.
Challenges and New Directions in Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine Development
Authors: Pan Danjie , Liu Jiayang , Huang Xuan , Wang Songna , Kuerban Kudelaidi , Yan Yan , Zhu Yi Zhun , Ye Li
Published: November 2024

Tumor vaccine is a promising immunotherapy for solid tumors. Therapeutic tumor vaccines aim at inducing tumor regression, establishing durable antitumor memory, and avoiding non-specific or adverse reactions. However, tumor-induced immune suppression and immune resistance pose challenges to achieving this goal. In this article, we review multiple challenges currently faced in the development of therapeutic tumor vaccines, with a particular focus on anonymous antigen vaccines in situ as a new direction. We summarize the research progress in this area, aiming to provide a reference for future studies on tumor vaccines.
Protein Expression Platforms and the Challenges of Viral Antigen Production
Authors: Sookhoo Jamie R. V. , Schiffman Zachary , Ambagala Aruna , Kobasa Darwyn , Pardee Keith , Babiuk Shawn
Published: November 2024

Several protein expression platforms exist for a wide variety of biopharmaceutical needs. A substantial proportion of research and development into protein expression platforms and their optimization since the mid-1900s is a result of the production of viral antigens for use in subunit vaccine research. This review discusses the seven most popular forms of expression systems used in the past decade—bacterial, insect, mammalian, yeast, algal, plant and cell-free systems—in terms of advantages, uses and limitations for viral antigen production in the context of subunit vaccine research. Post-translational modifications, immunogenicity, efficacy, complexity, scalability and the cost of production are major points discussed. Examples of licenced and experimental vaccines are included along with images which summarize the processes involved.
Vaccine Strategies Against RNA Viruses: Current Advances and Future Directions
Authors: Hsiung Kuei-Ching , Chiang Huan-Jung , Reinig Sebastian , Shih Shin-Ru
Published: November 2024

The development of vaccines against RNA viruses has undergone a rapid evolution in recent years, particularly driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines the key roles that RNA viruses, with their high mutation rates and zoonotic potential, play in fostering vaccine innovation. We also discuss both traditional and modern vaccine platforms and the impact of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, on optimizing immunization strategies. This review evaluates various vaccine platforms, ranging from traditional approaches (inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines) to modern technologies (subunit vaccines, viral and bacterial vectors, nucleic acid vaccines such as mRNA and DNA, and phage-like particle vaccines). To illustrate these platforms’ practical applications, we present case studies of vaccines developed for RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, Zika, and dengue. Additionally, we assess the role of artificial intelligence in predicting viral mutations and enhancing vaccine design. The case studies underscore the successful application of RNA-based vaccines, particularly in the fight against COVID-19, which has saved millions of lives. Current clinical trials for influenza, Zika, and dengue vaccines continue to show promise, highlighting the growing efficacy and adaptability of these platforms. Furthermore, artificial intelligence is driving improvements in vaccine candidate optimization and providing predictive models for viral evolution, enhancing our ability to respond to future outbreaks. Advances in vaccine technology, such as the success of mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, highlight the potential of nucleic acid platforms in combating RNA viruses. Ongoing trials for influenza, Zika, and dengue demonstrate platform adaptability, while artificial intelligence enhances vaccine design by predicting viral mutations. Integrating these innovations with the One Health approach, which unites human, animal, and environmental health, is essential for strengthening global preparedness against future RNA virus threats.
Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Meat Quality of Finishing Lambs Supplemented with Calcium Propionate or Sodium Propionate
Authors: Velázquez-Cruz Lucero Abigail , Hernández-García Pedro Abel , Mendoza-Martínez Germán David , Espinosa-Ayala Enrique , Lee-Rangel Héctor Aarón , Vázquez-Silva Gabriela , Razo-Ortíz Pablo Benjamín , Díaz-Galván Cesar , Orzuna-Orzuna José Felipe , de la Torre-Hernández María Eugenia
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with calcium propionate (CaPr) or sodium propionate (NaPr) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and meat quality of finishing lambs. Twenty-seven non-castrated Creole male lambs (24.95 ± 2.15 kg body weight (BW); 4.5 ± 0.5 months old) were randomly assigned to three treatments: (a) CON: basal diet without the addition of CaPr or Na Pr; (b) basal diet + CaPr (10 g/kg DM); and (c) basal diet + NaPr (10 g/kg DM). The data were analyzed using a completely randomized experimental design, with each lamb considered an experimental unit (nine replicates/treatment). Dietary supplementation with CaPr or NaPr did not affect (p > 0.05) growth performance or dietary energetics. However, greater (p = 0.05) apparent dry matter digestibility was observed in the lambs that consumed the diet with NaPr10. Dietary supplementation with CaPr or NaPr did not affect (p > 0.05) ruminal pH or ruminal concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acids. However, ruminal lactate concentration increased (p = 0.01) in lambs consuming the NaPr diet. Hot carcass weight and yield, backfat thickness, meat pH, meat color (L*, a*, and b*), cooking loss, and water holding capacity were not affected by dietary supplementation with CaPr or NaPr. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 10 g/kg DM of calcium propionate or sodium propionate does not affect growth performance, dietary energetics, ruminal fermentation, and the meat quality of finishing lambs.
The Venom of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes: Proteomics, Neurotoxic Effect and Neutralization by Antivenom
Authors: Ivanović Saša R. , Rešetar Maslov Dina , Rubić Ivana , Mrljak Vladimir , Živković Irena , Borozan Nevena , Grujić-Milanović Jelica , Borozan Sunčica
Published: November 2024

Deep proteomic analyses identified, in total, 159 master proteins (with 1% FDR and 2 unique peptides) from 26 protein families in the venom of Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (Vaa). Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD056495. The relative abundance of PLA2s is 11.60% of the crude venom, of which 4.35% are neurotoxic Ammodytoxins (Atxs). The neurotoxicity of the venom of Vaa and the neutralizing effect of the antivenom were tested on the neuromuscular preparation of the diaphragm (NPD) of rats. The activity of PLA2 in the venom of Vaa and its neutralization by the antivenom were determined under in vitro conditions. The Vaa venom leads to a progressive decrease in NPD contractions. We administered pre-incubated venom/antivenom mixtures at various ratios of 1:2, 1:10 and 1:20 (w/w) and observed the effects of these mixtures on NPD contractions. The results show that the mean effective time (ET50) for NPD contractions with the 1:20 mixture is highly significantly different (p < 0.001) from the ET50 for the venom and the ET50 for the 1:2 and 1:10 mixture ratios. We also found a highly significant (p < 0.001) reduction in Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the NPD under the influence of the venom. The reduction in the activity of this enzyme was reversible by the antivenom. Under in vitro conditions, we have achieved the complete neutralization of PLA2 by the antivenom. In conclusion, the antivenom abolished the venom-induced progressive decrease in NPD contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Antivenom with approximately the same mass proportion almost completely restores Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the NPD and completely neutralizes the PLA2 activity of the venom in vitro.
Initiation of Anammox in an Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor: Bacterial Community Structure, Nitrogen Removal Functional Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Authors: Li Xin , Yao Junqin , Jia Yangyang , Liu Jiaqi , Chen Yinguang
Published: November 2024

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) is considered an efficient and low-energy biological nitrogen removal process. However, there are limited studies addressing the changes in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during the startup of an anammox reactor inoculated with activated sludge. In this study, an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor was initiated with synthetic wastewater at room temperature (20–28 °C). Metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyze the shifts in the bacterial community, nitrogen removal functional genes, and ARGs in both the seeding sludge and anammox sludge. The results show that the reactor achieved anammox activity after 122 days of cultivation, with NH4+-N and NO2−-N removal rates reaching 99.8% and 99.6%, respectively. Compared to those in inoculated sludge, the relative abundance of the anammox bacterium Candidatus kuenenia increased from 0.01% to 50.86%, while the relative abundance of denitrifying Acidovorax bacteria decreased from 8.02% to 1.77%. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas declined from 2.91% to 1.87%. The functional genes hzs, hdh, nirK, and nirS increased in relative abundance in the anammox sludge, while the ARGs decreased in relative abundance from 294.77 RPKM to 155.62 RPKM in the sludge. These findings offer valuable insights into the initiation of the anammox process using ordinary activated sludge as an inoculum and provide a scientific basis for the mitigation of ARGs through anammox technology.
A Hybrid Approach of Air Mass Trajectory Modeling and Machine Learning for Acid Rain Estimation
Authors: Wei Chih-Chiang , Huang Rong
Published: November 2024

This study employed machine learning, specifically deep neural networks (DNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, to build a model for estimating acid rain pH levels. The Yangming monitoring station in the Taipei metropolitan area was selected as the research site. Based on pollutant sources from the air mass back trajectory (AMBT) of the HY-SPLIT model, three possible source regions were identified: mainland China and the Japanese islands under the northeast monsoon system (Region C), the Philippines and Indochina Peninsula under the southwest monsoon system (Region R), and the Pacific Ocean under the western Pacific high-pressure system (Region S). Data for these regions were used to build the ANN_AMBT model. The AMBT model provided air mass origin information at different altitudes, leading to models for 50 m, 500 m, and 1000 m (ANN_AMBT_50m, ANN_AMBT_500m, and ANN_AMBT_1000m, respectively). Additionally, an ANN model based only on ground station attributes, without AMBT information (LSTM_No_AMBT), served as a benchmark. Due to the northeast monsoon, Taiwan is prone to severe acid rain events in winter, often carrying external pollutants. Results from these events showed that the LSTM_AMBT_500m model achieved the highest percentages of model improvement rate (MIR), ranging from 17.96% to 36.53% (average 27.92%), followed by the LSTM_AMBT_50m model (MIR 12.94% to 26.42%, average 21.70%), while the LSTM_AMBT_1000m model had the lowest MIR (2.64% to 12.26%, average 6.79%). These findings indicate that the LSTM_AMBT_50m and LSTM_AMBT_500m models better capture pH variation trends, reduce prediction errors, and improve accuracy in forecasting pH levels during severe acid rain events.
Bedrock Scour by Developed Rectangular Jet Impingement in Shallow Plunge Pools
Authors: Bosman Adèle , Bollaert Erik , Basson Gerrit
Published: November 2024

A scour hole in the pre-excavated plunge pool bed downstream of a dam can develop if the energy dissipation of the plunging jet from a spillway is underestimated. The objective of the research was to predict the equilibrium geometry of the scour hole downstream of a high-head dam to safeguard the stability of the dam foundation. A study incorporating both physical and numerical modeling was undertaken to examine the hydrodynamic and geo-mechanical aspects involved in rock scour. Experimental tests were performed to determine equilibrium scour hole profiles in an open-ended, jointed, movable rock bed under various conditions, including different flow rates, dam heights, plunge pool depths, rock sizes, and joint structure orientations. Based on the experimental findings, non-dimensional equations that describe the scour hole geometry were developed. The proposed innovative three-dimensional fluid–solid coupled numerical model is capable of realistically reproducing the equilibrium scour hole profile observed in the experimental tests. The numerical model allows detailed scour computations of fully developed rectangular jets plunging into shallow plunge pools.
II. Dünya Savaşı Yıllarında Korunmaya Muhtaç Çocuklar ve Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu Faaliyetleri
Authors: Berber Babalık Banu
Published: November 2024

Çocuklar, ulusların geleceğidir. Bu yüzden sağlıklı bir şekilde dünyaya gelmesi, yetiştirilmesi, eğitimi ve her yönüyle korunması önemli olmuştur. Bu şuurla tarih boyunca kurulan Türk devletlerinde de çocuğu korumaya yönelik sosyal politikalara, bu politikaları uygulayan kurum ve kuruluşlara yer verilmiştir. XX. yüzyılda yapılan savaşların yıkıcı etkileri nedeniyle kimsesiz kalan çocuklar Osmanlı Devleti’nde Darüleytamların ve Himaye-i Etfal Cemiyeti’nin kurulmasında etkili olmuştur. Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı devam ederken Ankara’da faaliyete başlayan Türkiye Himaye-i Etfal Cemiyeti cephelerde ailesini kaybeden çocuklara sahip çıkmıştır. Cumhuriyet’in ilanı sonrası çalışmalarına devam eden cemiyet, 1934’te Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu adını almıştır.
1 Eylül 1939’da II. Dünya Savaşı başladığında Türkiye, savaştan fiili olarak uzak kalmayı başarmıştır. Ancak sıcak savaş yaşamamış olsa da savaşın getirdiği sosyal ve ekonomik sarsıntılardan etkilenmiştir. Savaşın devam ettiği altı yıl boyunca içeride ve dışarıda başta ekonomik sorunlar olmak üzere pek çok sorun ortaya çıkmıştır. Özellikle ekonominin bozulmasıyla birlikte toplumsal sorunlar da artmıştır.
Bu çalışmada II. Dünya Savaşı’nın devam ettiği yıllarda savaş yüzünden anne babaları tarafından ilgi göremeyen, eğitim alamayan ve çalışmak zorunda bırakılan veya tamamen kimsesiz olan çocukların durumları ele alınmış, kimsesiz ve başıboş olarak anılan bu çocukların savaşın etkisiyle yaşadıkları mağduriyetler ve sorunların çözümünde Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu’nun faaliyetlerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla kimsesiz çocuklara sahip çıkan ve günümüze kadar farklı isimlerle faaliyetini sürdüren Çocuk Esirgeme Kurumu hakkında ulusal basın, arşiv, anı kitapları ve telif eserlerden yararlanılmıştır.
Minat Petani dalam Penggunaan Agensi Hayati pada Tanaman Padi di Kelompok Tani Desa Sendangrejo
Authors: Abdillah Moch. Abi , Suhirmanto Suhirmanto , Purnomo Dwi
Published: November 2024

Teknologi yang direkomendasikan Kementerian Pertanian untuk mengatasi dampak negatif pestisida kimia adalah penerapan Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT). Salah satu komponen PHT yang dapat mengatasi serangan patogen dan juga bermanfaat sebagai organisme pengurai adalah agens hayati . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan minat anggota Kelompok Tani Desa Sendangrejo dalam menggunakan Agensi hayati, menganalisis faktor-faktor terkait dan menentukan strategi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan minat anggota kelompok tani dalam menggunakan agensi hayati. Sampel penilaian adalah sensus dari 32 petani. Variabel penilaian adalah faktor internal, faktor eksternal dan minat anggota KWT menggunakan agensi hayati. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, angket dan observasi. Analisis data adalah analisis deskriptif, analisis korelasi Spearman's rank dan analisis Kendall's W. Hasil penilaian mengenai kepentingan anggota KWT berada pada kategori sedang.
Perilaku Peternak tentang Silase Limbah Tebon Jagung untuk Pakan Ternak Sapi Potong Desa Kedungmaling Kecamatan Sooko Kabupaten Mojokerto Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Pambudi Bagastarya Yudistira , Likah Sad , Nurlaili Nurlaili
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Kedungmaling, Kecamatan Sooko Kabupaten Mojokerto, Desa Kedungmaling ini memiliki satu Gabungan Kelompok tani yaitu Surya Sari Empat. Mereka memiliki ternak sapi potong dengan pemberian hijauan, tetapi pada musim kemarau peternak kesulitan dalam pakan hijauan tersebut. Oleh karena itu perlu diadakan kegiatan penyuluhan tentang silase tebon jagung untuk pakan ternak sapi potong. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kaji terap dan metode analisis deskriptif tentang pengetahuan, sikap, keterampilan terhadap silase tebon jagung. Hasil dari rancangan penyuluhan mencakup sasaran sebanyak 30 orang yang tergabung dalam kelompok Surya Sari Empat. Hasil Evaluasi penyuluhan tentang pengetahuan “Tinggi” sikap peternak dalam pembuatan silase tebon jagung adalah “menerima” sedangkan keterampilan peternak dalam pembuatan silase tebon jagung adalah “ terampil”. Materi penyuluhan yang ditetapkan adalah pembuatan silase tebon jagung untuk pakan ternak sedangkan metode yang digunakan ceramah dan diskusi kelompok serta demontrasi cara, media yang digunakan dalam penyuluhan adalah video, leaflet, benda sesungguhnya.
İbadetlerde Kıyas ve İçtihat Mümkün mü? el-Mebsût’un “Zekât” Bölümüne Dair Farklı Bir Okuma
Authors: Yıldırım Abdurrahman
Published: November 2024

Bu çalışmada ibadetlerle ilgili meseleler üzerinde yeniden bir akıl yürütme ve aklî çıkarımlar yapılabilme ihtimal ve imkânı tartışılmaktadır. Konu, namazdan sonra Kur’an’da en çok vurgulanan ibadet olan zekât üzerinden incelenmiş, kaynak olarak ise Hanefî Mezhebinin temel metinlerinden Serahsî’nin el-Mebsût adlı eserinde geçen örnekler ele alınmıştır. Böyle bir yöntem izlenmesinin amacı, meseleyi soyut ve teorik tartışmalardan olabildiğince uzaklaştırıp somut ve pratik örnekler üzerinden ortaya koyma gayretidir. Çalışmada yöntem olarak sosyal bilimler araştırma yöntemlerinden Nitel Araştırma Yöntemi’nin “doküman incelemesi” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bilgi ve yorumlar arasındaki ilişkinin tanımlanması ve değerlendirilmesi içerik analizine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Teori, genel yargılara ulaşmayı hedefleyen “tümevarım” yöntemi üzerinden temellendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada öncelikle zekât ibadeti ta‘lîl ve taabbüd açısından ele alınarak onun hangi meselelerinin ta‘lîl ve taabbüde dahil olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmış, sonrasında el-Mebsût eseri üzerinden Serahsî’nin temel ibadetlerden olan zekâtı nasıl konumlandırdığı ortaya konulmuş, sonuçta bir çok yerde kıyas ve istinbata başvurulduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Нелинейная рекуррентная фильтрация в задаче оценивания параметров сигнала M-QAM на фоне логнормальной помехи
Authors: Н.Е. Поборчая , С.А. Жарких
Published: November 2024

В работе рассматривается алгоритм нелинейной фильтрации с первым приближением по Тейлору для оценивания амплитуды, сдвига частоты и фазы сигнала M-QAM с известными информационными символами, наблюдаемого на фоне смеси белого гауссовского шума и логнормальной помехи. Также в модели сигнала присутствует фазовый шум, который вносит свой вклад в негауссовость помех. Алгоритм получен с помощью модифицированного метода наименьших квадратов в форме функционала Тихонова и не использует никакой информации о законах распределения случайных процессов, входящих в уравнение наблюдений. Проведен вычислительный эксперимент, который показал работоспособность данного подхода при наличии негауссовского мешающего воздействия и возможность достичь удовлетворительной точности оценивания параметров сигнала 64-QAM при правильном выборе параметров алгоритма и объема выборки сигнала. Исследована точность оценивания параметров сигнала алгоритмом нелинейной фильтрации при наличии логнормальной помехи и при ее отсутствии.

This paper introduces the nonlinear filtering algorithm with the first Taylor’s approximation for estimating the amplitude, frequency shift, and phase of the M-QAM signal with known information symbols observed against the background of the mixture of white Gaussian noise and lognormal interfering signal. There is also phase noise present in the signal model, which contributes to the non-Gaussian interfering signal. The algorithm is obtained using the modified mean square method in the form of Tikhonov’s functional and does not use any information about the distribution law of random processes included in the watch equation. The computational experiment was conducted that demonstrated the efficiency of this approach in the presence of a non-Gaussian interference effect and the ability to achieve a satisfactory level of estimation accuracy for the 64-QAM signal with the correct selection of the algorithm’s parameters and the sample size of the signal. The accuracy of signal parameters’ estimation by a nonlinear filtering algorithm has been investigated with lognormal interference and without it.
Измерение качества телекоммуникационных услуг спутниковых систем связи
Authors: Е.А. Нестеров
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрены тактико-технические особенности современных систем спутниковой связи на низких орбитах. Предложена структура и нормативные значения ключевых показателей эффективности систем спутниковой связи: скорость широкополосного доступа, готовность, время восстановления и информационная безопасность (криптостойкость). Сопоставлены достоинства и недостатки космического и наземного путей развития российской сетевой информационной инфраструктуры в современных геополитических условиях.

The tactical and technical features of modern satellite communication systems in low orbits are considered. The structure and normative values of key performance indicators of satellite communication systems are proposed: broadband access speed, availability, recovery time, and information security (cryptographic security). The advantages and disadvantages of space and ground-based ways of developing the Russian network information infrastructure in modern geopolitical conditions are compared.
Is Adipopfascial Flap Superior to Limberg Flap in Surgical Treatment of Pilonidal Sinus? A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Tüysüz Umut , Yalçın Orhan
Published: November 2024

Background: Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) encompasses inflammation localized to the intergluteal cleft, ranging from minor cyst to extensive sinus formation. The most important parameters in the treatment of the disease are early return to work, low recurrence rate, low postoperative pain, high comfort, low complication rate, and low cost. In the surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus disea-se, there are methods such as flap methods, primary closure, and unroofing and curettage.
Materials and Methods: This study was planned as a prospective randomized clinical trial with pati-ents who were operated with the diagnosis of chronic pilonidal sinus. A total of 104 chronic piloni-dal sinus patients were randomized into two groups. The first group underwent Limberg flap proce-dure for treatment. The second group underwent adipofascial flap procedure for treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, duration of surgery, early and late complications, recurrence, and follow-up time.
Results: The operation time was shorter in Group 2 than in Group 1. The difference was statistically significant. Wound dehiscence was significantly less common in Group 2. The aesthetic satisfaction was significantly higher in Group 2. Recurrence rates were not different between the Limberg and adipofascial groups (49/4 and 55/4, 8% and 7%, respectively).
Conclusions: Our study showed that the adipofascial flap can be easily applied in the surgical treat-ment of pilonidal sinus disease and has no difference from other flap methods. To minimize regret for surgical decisions, people with PSD need better information on the burden of wound care and the risks of recurrence associated with different surgical approaches.
Cervical screening and artificial intelligence
Authors: Kolsanova Anna V. , Chechko Svetlana M. , Kira Evgeny F. , Shamshatdinova Aliya R.
Published: November 2024

Currently, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in gynecology is at the initial stage of its implementation. To date, cervical cancer (cervical cancer) is the second most common malignant tumor. Untimely diagnosis of the disease has a serious impact primarily in remote regions of the country, which is directly related to the lack of laboratory equipment, difficulties in transporting materials, as well as the lack of highly qualified cytologists and colposcopists. AI-based programs for reading cytological images, HPV identification and colposcopy have been created to date, which makes it possible to increase the availability of visual screening for women throughout the country, including those living in remote regions. In addition, it helps to improve the timely diagnosis of breast cancer in women through cervical screening using AI systems. The review presents the main categories of AI, including machine learning methods, and includes foreign and domestic research on AI-based technologies for performing cytological examination and colposcopy, published between 2019 and 2024. The search for literature sources was conducted on the PubMed platform. The search queries included the following keywords: “cervical screening”, “artificial intelligence in gynecology”, “artificial intelligence in colposcopy”, “artificial intelligence in cervical screening". It was found that AI programs for the interpretation of Pap smear (Al-Pap) are 5.8% more sensitive to the detection of CIN2+ than manual counting with a slight decrease in specificity. In studies based on AI processing of colposcopic images, the percentage of coincidence between the results and the histological conclusion was higher than when interpreted by specialist doctors by 16.64%. When identifying HSIL+ with artificial intelligence, a higher sensitivity was revealed, 11.5% higher than the conclusion of the colposcopist, while the specificity was practically comparable. The Russian Federation is actively developing a domestic digital portable colposcope on the basis of the Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, together with specialists from the Almazov National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, as well as the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University for reading and interpreting colposcopic images.
Effects of SiO2 cap annealing at 800 °C on Ga-polar n-type and p-type GaN (0001) surfaces compared by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Takahashi Masanobu , Jiao Yining , Akazawa Masamichi
Published: November 2024

The effects of SiO2 cap annealing at 800 °C on Ga-polar n-type and p-type GaN (0001) surfaces were compared by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We found that the native oxide thickness at the GaN surfaces is usually at the monolayer level regardless of the process step, except immediately after SiO2 cap annealing for p-type GaN. Furthermore, for both conduction types, the surface Fermi level is located between the conduction band edge and the charge neutrality level regardless of the process step, which indicated that donor-like defects existed in the vicinity of the p-type GaN surfaces.
The Influences of Macroscopic Modeling of Traffic Dynamics in Urban Road Segments Considering Side Friction Influences: A Case Study
Authors:   Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya., Lekariap Edwin Mararo , Gariy Zachary C. Abiero ,   Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya., Nyomboi Timothy ,   Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya.
Published: November 2024

Urban road networks are essential arteries of modern cities, facilitating the movement of people and goods. However, efficient traffic flow management in urban areas remains a critical challenge, often compounded by factors like side friction. This research article presents a comprehensive macroscopic modeling approach to understand and incorporate the effects of side friction on traffic flow in the context of Nakuru City, Kenya. Nakuru City, like many growing urban centres, grapples with traffic congestion and associated issues, demanding innovative solutions for sustainable urban mobility. Side friction, a multifaceted factor influenced by various urban elements such as parked vehicles, pedestrian activities, and roadside infrastructure, significantly impacts traffic flow dynamics. This study employed a macroscopic modeling framework to capture the complex interplay between traffic flow and side friction in Nakuru City's road links. Through extensive data collection and analysis, coupled with advanced traffic modeling techniques, the research developed a nuanced understanding of how side friction affects traffic flow patterns.
THE EFFECTS OF GENDER ROLES AND LAND OWNERSHIP RIGHTS ON FOOD SECURITY IN KAIAMA, KOLOKUMA OPOKUMA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BAYELSA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Woyengiton-Ifiye H. Ajoko , Tonbra R. Odubo
Published: November 2024

Women play significant role in the production of food in the world, despite several limitations. Such limitations include societal roles and unequal rights towards land and agricultural facilities. In several communities, particularly in Africa, women are tasked with the responsibility to provide food for their families. The role becomes enormously challenging based on identifiable limiting factors, such as land rights discrimination and other challenges. The study explored the effects of gender roles and land ownership rights on food security in Kaiama, Kolokuma Opokuma Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A crosssectional survey research design was utilised for the study. The data collected were obtained from secondary and primary sources. The study identified a significant relationship between land ownership rights of women and food security. It also identified how societal roles drive gender inequality in relation to women’s land ownership rights, leading to low food production. It was therefore, recommended that women should be educated enough to understand all forms of discrimination against them so as to develop the capacity to address their plights through the help of relevant advocacy agencies. Also, women should be allowed to own land to enhance food supply. They should not be kept vulnerable as a result of restrictions from non-ownership of land. Also, since access to land is an important condition for economic empowerment for women in agrarian societies, financial services are more dependent on security of land. Thus, women should be assisted by law to access financial aids through land ownership.
EMERGING TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF BAYELSA STATE
Authors: Gagariga Winifred Idubamo , Barisuka Prince Beteh , Etekpe Ambily
Published: November 2024

The concept of development has moved from production-center to people-center to improve the present standard of living without jeopardizing the opportunities for future generations. The essence is to reduce environmental degradation and its associated problems, and is a radical departure from the initial emphasis on gross national product (GNP) or gross domestic product (GDP) that had very little direct relationship with the people. The present trend of development fetters indiscriminate lumbering, uncontrolled dredging, land reclamation, and illegal mining, etc, with its negative consequences have weakened the environment from sustaining future generation. The consequences are climate change, leading to depletion of ozone layers, etc. This study therefore, aimed at investigating the emerging negative trend of environmental degradation on sustainable development (SD) in Bayelsa State between 2018 – 2023. The rationale is for promoting of environmentally friendly forms of development in line with sustainable development goals (SDGs). The study adopted relational theoretical framework, and applied survey method of data collection. The sampled population was basically, timber dealers, lumbers, community government and government officials. It found that the emerging trend shall increase the rate of depletion of economic resources in the state that shall lead to unprecedented conflict in the future; and recommended that the state government should strengthen its institutions and regulating agencies to enforce relevant existing laws.