bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recurrence Rate spectrograms for the classification of nonlinear and noisy signals
Authors: Hertrampf Thore , Oberst Sebastian
Published: January 2024

Time series analysis of real-world measurements is fundamental in natural sciences and engineering, and machine learning has been recently of great assistance especially for classification of signals and their understanding. Yet, the underlying system’s nonlinear response behaviour is often neglected. Recurrence Plot (RP) based Fourier-spectra constructed through τ-Recurrence Rate (RR

τ
) have shown the potential to reveal nonlinear traits otherwise hidden from conventional data processing. We report a so far disregarded eligibility for signal classification of nonlinear time series by training RESnet-50 on spectrogram images, which allows recurrence-spectra to outcompete conventional Fourier analysis. To exemplify its functioning, we employ a simple nonlinear physical flow of a continuous stirred tank reactor, able to exhibit exothermic, first order, irreversible, cubic autocatalytic chemical reactions, and a plethora of fast-slow dynamics. For dynamics with noise being ten times stronger than the signal, the classification accuracy was up to ≈ 75% compared to ≈ 17% for the periodogram. We show that an increase in entropy only detected by the RR

τ
allows differentiation. This shows that RP power spectra, combined with off-the-shelf machine learning techniques, have the potential to significantly improve the detection of nonlinear and noise contaminated signals.
Superhydrophobicity on AISI 304 stainless steel through surface sensitization process and etching
Authors: Karder H R Ghadami , Khodaei M
Published: January 2024

In this research, the surface sensitization process of austenitic stainless steel (304) was used to create the superhydrophobicity through a facile etching method with a significantly lower etching time. In order to utilize the surface sensitization process for the purpose of forming island-like chromium carbide on surface, oxyacetylene flame heat-treatment was performed at 650 °C for one min. After HF etching at ambient temperature, treatment in nitric acid, and the reduction of surface energy by stearic acid modification, a water contact angle (WCA) of 167°, water sliding angle (WSA) of 3°, and water contact angle hysteresis (WCAH) of 7° have been achieved. The sensitization process makes the sample susceptible to intergranular corrosion and uniform micro- and nano-sized pores entirely cover the surface after boiling in nitric acid. This phenomenon is the main reason for creating the hierarchical microstructure on the surface of stainless steel in a shorter time.
A novel fast image encryption algorithm based on coefficient independent coupled exponential chaotic map
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Liu Lingfeng
Published: January 2024

The performance of most chaotic systems is dependent on the selection of parameters, and an incorrect selection can lead to a significant reduction in the complexity and safety of chaotic systems or to chaotic degeneracy. In this paper, we investigate an Exponential Cyclic Coupling Chaotic Model (ECCCM) that maintains excellent and stable chaotic dynamics across a wide range of parameters. We use the Exponential Coupled Logistic Model (ECLM) as an example to design a new fast image encryption algorithm that treats the image as a three-dimensional matrix and simultaneously changes the positions and values of its pixels. Our proposed encryption algorithm has been verified through various experiments to be highly secure and competitive with other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Numerical modeling of defects induced dark current in halide perovskite X-ray detectors
Authors: Yang Bin , Xie Xiangfan , Zeng Shengqiao , Xue Bin , Xiao Shuang , Qian Lihua
Published: January 2024

Metal halide perovskites have been widely used in x-ray detection due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, the dark current of perovskite x-ray detectors is not appreciably low for integration on thin-film transistors pixel circuits and thus limits their applications in X-ray imaging. Based on numerical models, we investigate the correlation between the dark current and defects of perovskite x-ray detectors. The deep-level defects are the major factor to induce dark current, which has a proportional relation to the defect density. Compared to deep-level defects, the dark current induced by shallow-level defects depends on both of defect energy level and defect density. At last, simulation results present a guidance to engineer defects with suitable values of density and energy level, which yields desirably low dark current. This work provides implications and theoretical guidance for the optimization of defects in halide perovskites, which is believed to assist the further development of x-ray detectors with a low dark current density.
Simulation of defect evolution in tungsten during annealing by developing a vacancy and interstitial-type defect evolution model
Authors: Wang Zhenhou , Sang Chaofeng , Wang Dezhen
Published: January 2024

In this work, a Vacancy and Interstitial-Type Defect Evolution (VITDE) model is developed to study the annealing and clustering behaviors of the irradiation-induced defect in tungsten (W). The post annealing of W-ion damaging at 300 K (called post-damaging annealing) and simultaneous annealing of W-ion damaging (called dynamic annealing) are simulated. In the post-damaging annealing case, the W is damaged by 20 MeV W-ion irradiation for 1h at 300 K, then the damaged W is annealed for 1h via increasing the temperature to 1000 K. In the dynamic annealing case, the defect evolution under simultaneous damaging and annealing is simulated using the same parameters as Case 1. The simulation results indicate the dynamic annealing case has lower induced defects concentration than the post-irradiation annealing case, which is in qualitative agreement with the experiment. The diffusion of interstitial, vacancy, di-interstitial and di-vacancy, and the cluster properties in the defect annealing are investigated and larger size Vn clusters are observed in dynamic annealing case than in post-damaging annealing case. The dependences of the defect evolution on material temperature (T) and grain size are revealed. By increasing the T, the defect concentration is decreased, which reproduces and explains the experimental result. The Vn trap amount with the reduction of grain size for two cases show a larger difference at T = 400 K, observing the Vn trap amount is unchanged for post-damaging annealing, whereas it is significantly increased by dynamic annealing.
Detecting ALP wiggles at TeV energies
Authors: Kachelrieß M. , Tjemsland J.
Published: January 2024

Axions and axion-like-particles (ALPs) are characterised by their two-photon
coupling, which entails so-called photon-ALP oscillations as photons
propagate through a magnetic field. These oscillations lead
to distinctive signatures in the energy spectrum of high-energy photons
from astrophysical sources, allowing one to probe the existence of ALPs.
In particular, photon-ALP oscillations will induce energy dependent
oscillatory features, or “ALP wiggles”, in the photon spectra. We propose
to use the discrete power spectrum to search for ALP wiggles and
present a model-independent statistical test.
By using PKS 2155-304 as an example, we show that the method has the
potential to significantly improve the experimental sensitivities for ALP
wiggles, and that the ALP wiggles
may be detected using the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)
for optimistic values of the photon-ALP coupling constant and the magnetic
field.
Moreover, we discuss how these sensitivities depend on the modelling of the
magnetic field. We find
that the use of realistic magnetic field models, due to their larger cosmic
variance, substantially enhances detection prospects compared to the use of
simplified models.
Interacting dark energy: clarifying the cosmological implications and viability conditions
Authors: van der Westhuizen Marcel A. , Abebe Amare
Published: January 2024

In this study, cosmological models are considered, where dark matter and dark energy are coupled and may exchange energy through non-gravitational interactions with one other. These interacting dark energy (IDE) models have previously been introduced to address problems with the standard ΛCDM model of cosmology (which include the coincidence problem, Hubble tension and S_8 discrepancy). However, conditions ensuring positive energy densities have often been overlooked. Assuming two different linear dark energy couplings, Q = δ H ρ_de and Q = δ H ρ_dm, we find that negative energy densities are inevitable if energy flows from dark matter to dark energy (iDMDE regime) and that consequently, we should only seriously consider models where energy flows from dark energy to dark matter (iDEDM regime). To additionally ensure that these models are free from early time instabilities, we need to require that dark energy is in the `phantom' (ω<-1) regime. This has the consequence that model Q=δ H ρ_dm will end with a future big rip singularity, while Q = δ H ρ_de may avoid this fate with the right choice of cosmological parameters.
Epidemic extinction in a simplicial susceptible-infected-susceptible model
Authors: Guo Yingshan , Shen Chuansheng , Chen Hanshuang
Published: January 2024

We study the extinction of epidemics in a simplicial susceptible-infected-susceptible model, where each susceptible individual becomes infected either by two-body interactions (

S
+
I
→
2
I

) with a rate β or by three-body interactions (

S
+
2
I
→
3
I

) with a rate

β
(
1
+
δ
)

, and each infected individual spontaneously recovers (I → S) with a rate µ. We focus on the case δ > 0 that embodies a synergistic reinforcement effect in group interactions. By using the theory of large fluctuations to solve approximately for the master equation, we reveal two different scenarios for an optimal path to extinction, and derive the associated action

S

for

β
b

<
β
<

β
c

and for

β
>

β
c

, where

β
b

=
4
(
1
+
δ
)

/

(
2
+
δ

)
2

and

β
c

=
1

are two different bifurcation points. The action

S

shows different scaling laws with the distance of the infectious rate to the transition points β

b
and β

c
, characterized by two different exponents: 3/2 and 1, respectively. Interestingly, the second-order derivative of

S

with respect to β is discontinuous at

β
=

β
c

, while

S

and its first-order derivative are both continuous, reminiscent of the second-order phase transitions in equilibrium systems. Finally, a rare-event simulation method is used to compute the mean extinction time, which depends exponentially on

S

and the size N of the population. The simulation results are in good agreement with the proposed theory.
Canadian Light Source beam position visualization tool
Authors: Bree M A , Batten T D , Vogt J M , Stevens C W
Published: January 2024

The Canadian Light Source orbit correction system acquires, collates, and publishes storage ring beam centroid position information from 48 beam position monitors (BPMs) at a rate of 1000 samples per second. We present a ”Beam Position Visualization Tool” that computes and displays dynamic Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) and Cumulative Power Spectral Densities (CPSDs) for all BPMs in real-time using full resolution data. The computed FFTs and CPSDs can be plotted in various combinations and in waterfall plots that allow visualization of changes over long periods of time. In addition, correlations between all BPM channel combinations are computed and ranked. Data from any two BPM channels can be selected for plotting in two dimensions wherein correlations are visually apparent. Computed CPSDs are further binned and archived for further analysis. Preliminary results from the Beam Position Visualization Tool have proven useful in identifying storage ring beam position noise at the Canadian Light Source.
A model of radiofrequency and plasma coupling for compact ion sources and design
Authors: Cavenago M.
Published: January 2024

Inductive coupling of radiofrequency power to plasma is a complicate process, since it depends from the density of plasma itself, because ionization is a chain reaction process, and, at low density a capacitive coupling may mix with inductive coupling (with no Faraday screen).
Plasma temperature Te
, density ne
and vector potential are closely coupled, giving nonlinear and singular systems of Partial Differential equations, which require slow iterative solutions, motivating the consideration of a 2D model, also as rapid design and first approximation tool. Plasma conductivity and heating depend on collision rate, which includes also the so-called stochastic collisions (mainly electron collisions with walls), proportionally more important at low gas density ng
. Conductivity is also affected by static and radiofrequency magnetic fields; results for skin depth and stochastic collision estimates are reported. The transport of Te
and ne
inside source can be controlled by a magnetic filter B

f
. Considering a 5 cm radius H- ion source as example, solution of ne
and Te
are reported as a function of filter strength B
fa, applied rf power and wall status; solver convergence methods and
key plasma observables are briefly discussed. Due to small dimension, a filter strength B
fa in the order of 8 mT is needed to achieve electron temperature lower than 2 eV (for negative ion production) at extraction.
Speckle-based imaging (SBI) applications with spectral photon counting detectors at the newly established OPTIMATO
(OPTimal IMAging and TOmography) laboratory
Authors: Trapani Vittorio Di , Savatović Sara , Marco Fabio De , Lautizi Ginevra , Margini Marco , Thibault Pierre
Published: January 2024

Speckle-based imaging (SBI) is an advanced X-ray imaging technique that measures phase and
dark-field signals, in addition to absorption signals. SBI uses random wavefront modulators to
generate speckles and requires two images: one with a speckle pattern alone, and one with both the
sample and speckles. SBI reconstruction algorithms retrieve three signals (transmission,
refraction, and dark-field) by comparing the two images. In SBI, speckle visibility plays a
crucial role in the retrieval of the three signals. When translating the technique from
synchrotron sources to compact laboratory setups, the reduced coherence of the source and
limitations in the available resolution yield lower speckle visibility, hampering the retrieval of
phase and dark-field signals. In this context, direct-detection CdTe X-ray photon-counting
detectors (XPCDs) provide an attractive solution, as they allow for a high detection efficiency
and optimal spatial resolution enhancing speckle visibility. In this work, we present the newly
established OPTIMATO (OPTimal IMAging and TOmography) laboratory for X-ray imaging hosted at the
Elettra synchrotron (Trieste, Italy). The setup for SBI with resolutions up to
15 µm including an XPCD and a charge-integrating flat-panel detector (FPD) has
been used to acquire SBI data. The main limiting factors when moving SBI applications from
synchrotron facilities to compact laboratory setups are summarized. The advantages of XPCDs over
FPDs are discussed by comparing the SBI images obtained using both detectors. The potential of the
spectral decomposition approach via multi-threshold acquisitions using XPCDs is briefly
introduced. The results shown in this work represent the first step toward the realization of a
multimodal and multiresolution X-ray facility.
Neural repair and regeneration interfaces: a comprehensive review
Authors: Sha Baoning , Du Zhanhong
Published: January 2024

Neural interfaces play a pivotal role in neuromodulation, as they enable precise intervention into aberrant neural activity and facilitate recovery from neural injuries and resultant functional impairments by modulating local immune responses and neural circuits. This review outlines the development and applications of these interfaces and highlights the advantages of employing neural interfaces for neural stimulation and repair, including accurate targeting of specific neural populations, real-time monitoring and control of neural activity, reduced invasiveness, and personalized treatment strategies. Ongoing research aims to enhance the biocompatibility, stability, and functionality of these interfaces, ultimately augmenting their therapeutic potential for various neurological disorders. The review focuses on electrophysiological and optophysiology neural interfaces, discussing functionalization and power supply approaches. By summarizing the techniques, materials, and methods employed in this field, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential applications and future directions for neural repair and regeneration devices.
Classifying climate vulnerability and inequalities in India, Mexico, and Nigeria: a latent class analysis approach
Authors: Pinchoff Jessie , Mahapatra Bidhubhusan , Mishra Raman , Adedimeji Adebola , Patel Sangram K , Regules Ricardo
Published: January 2024

The climate crisis exacerbates social, economic, and health disparities. This study employs innovative methods to identify distinct groups affected by recent climate events. A mobile phone-based survey was conducted in April 2022 with individuals residing in multiple climate-affected states across three countries: India (n = 1020), Mexico (n = 1020), and Nigeria (n = 1021). Latent class analysis and classification and regression tree analysis were used to identify the groups most exposed to climate events, the effects and responses taken, and then to identify the characteristics associated with group membership. Effects included housing damage or lost work, while responses included actions such as borrowing money or dropping out of school. Findings revealed four distinct groups: Group 1 reported low exposure, no effects, or responses (49% of respondents in India, 43% in Mexico, and 27% in Nigeria); Group 2 experienced multiple hazards with moderate effects and some responses; Group 3 was characterized by drought exposure with more effects and responses taken; Group 4 was affected by heavy flooding and rainfall with varied effects. Notably, India had the largest proportion of respondents in Group 3 (17%), in Mexico over a quarter (29%) were in group 4, while over half of Nigerian respondents were in Group 2 (52%). Characteristics associated with membership in each group varied by country. Overall, men from rural areas with lower incomes and reliant on agriculture experienced the highest levels of exposure and vulnerability, while urban women from higher-income households were the least affected. This study underscores the importance of considering the intersectionality of risk and vulnerability when formulating policies and programs to address the impacts of climate change. Results emphasize the need for multi-sectoral policies that target the needs of different groups, to reduce inequalities and tailor to the context-specific needs of the most vulnerable people and households.
Exact periodic wave solutions of the cubic-quintic Zakharov equation and their evolution with Hamilton energy
Authors: Guo Yuli , Zhang Weiguo , Li Xiang
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study the exact periodic wave solutions of the Zakharov equation with cubic and quintic nonlinear terms, and their evolution with the energy of Hamiltonian system corresponding to the amplitudes. Based on the theory of plane dynamical system, we first make a detailed qualitative analysis to the plane dynamical system corresponding to the amplitudes of traveling wave solutions of the studied equation, then by applying the analysis method based on the first integral and several appropriate transformations, all seven families of elliptic function periodic wave solutions of the Zakharov equation are obtained. In addition, by studying the evolution limit of periodic wave solutions with respect to Hamilton energy and using the analysis method based on the first integral, all ten pairs of solitary wave solutions of the studied equations are also given under various parameter conditions. From the evolution analysis to the periodic wave solutions with respect to Hamilton energy, it can be seen that it is the energy H of the Hamiltonian system corresponding to the studied equation taking values in different ranges that makes the traveling wave solution of this equation appear as periodic wave solution or solitary wave solution.
Time evolution and the Schrödinger equation on time dependent quantum graphs
*
Authors: Smilansky Uzy , Sofer Gilad
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the time dependent Schrödinger equation on a metric graph with time-dependent edge lengths, and the proper way to pose the problem so that the corresponding time evolution is unitary. We show that the well posedness of the Schrödinger equation can be guaranteed by replacing the standard Kirchhoff Laplacian with a magnetic Schrödinger operator with a harmonic potential. We then generalize the result to time dependent families of vertex conditions. We also apply the theory to show the existence of a geometric phase associated with a slowly changing quantum graph.
Environmental Adaptation Tools as an Approach to Meet Challenges in Urban Planning in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldlbahi Salman Makhld M
Published: January 2024

Urban areas are facing the risk of climate change due to high temperatures, floods, storms, droughts, and the expected rise in sea levels, as a result of the rapid growth in urban and industrial activities. Cities of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are primarily exposed to the effects of high heat and floods after rare events of heavy rainfall. This requires the search for sustainable and appropriate planning solutions to adapt to climate change within the framework of sustainable urban planning. Urban planning can play a significant role in addressing climate change through sustainable adaptation. Therefore, the research aims to study and identify appropriate environmental tools and planning approaches that can be integrated into the urban planning methodology to adapt to climate change in urban areas in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Some case studies of urban areas exposed to the risk of climate change were studied and analyzed to evaluate the planning tools and approaches adopted to confront these risks. five cases were studied. The challenges and positives of these tools and approaches were deduced. The appropriate planning approach has been selected for the privacy of Saudi cities to face the effects of climate change. The research concluded that sponge cities are the appropriate approach for Saudi cities to face the risks of floods. The suitability of the sponge cities was assessed in comparison with the case of floods in Jeddah city, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The research also reached steps to integrate the requirements of converting to spongy cities in the urban planning methodology at the different planning levels
Improving Pedestrian Thermal Comfort Using Optimized Urban Trees Pattern in Aswan City
Authors: Gamal El-Deen Y , Fahmy M , Temraz T
Published: January 2024

For long periods last years, the majority of cities suffer from exceptionally hot- dry climate. However, the most urban patterns within these cities are unsuitable for these severe occurrences and raise the value of the Urban Heat Island (UHI). The goal of this study is to see how UHI mitigation options affect outdoor human thermal comfort in three different forms of frequent urban trees patterns in the world’s most populous city in Egypt, Aswan. The ENVI-met model was utilised to assess meteorological using simulation climate program (Ecotect Analysis), buildings and vegetation distribution, using Pupulus Alba. All measurements were taken in a pedestrian walkway at the microclimate case study (case 1. without trees, case 2. distribution trees each 8m total coverage 50%, case 3. distribution trees each 12m total coverage 21.5% were conducted to measure, relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, wind speed, air temperature and prediction mean vote as a key indicator for human thermal comfort. This study provided a better understanding of the role of Urban Heat Island UHI mitigation strategies on human thermal comfort in the outdoor spaces of Aswan’s residential neighborhoods. The simulation results revealed high thermal comfort and discomfort after setting 3 cases for trees pattern for the climate and the possible vegetation (trees patterns). This result indicate that an optimized percentage of urban trees pattern can mitigate (UHI) effect and clear the role that urban trees serve in modifying microclimates.
Proposal Model for A Community-friendly Wetland Park in Egypt: A Social approach.
Authors: Eman Ayad H , Omayer Hayam M
Published: January 2024

As community engagement is considered the key to a successful project outcome, it was necessary to change the general attitude dealing with main ecosystem projects such as Wetlands from just being producers supporting primary industries to community-friendly projects providing urban spaces with recreational, educational and ecological facilities and assuring high quality of life. Wetland parks play a vital role for the benefit of its communities. This paper focuses on social aspects and values in designing Wetland parks; it emphasizes the importance of involving community groups to overcome various difficulties and challenges of these projects’ existence. The paper aims to create a design model that achieves a community-friendly Wetland Park; a social guiding model that raises community awareness, participation and ensures sustainability of such projects. A theoretical design guideline review on parks and Wetlands is being presented to provide the basis for the design model and for a community-oriented questionnaire. The paper addresses decision-makers and urban designers in Egypt providing social guidelines to engage local groups in early stages of design. The paper then directs the questionnaire survey to com-munity groups to attain the proposed design model for a community-friendly Wetland Park in Egypt that paves the way for long-term development.
The suitability of the MOSTADAM system with the global systems of sustainability in the desert city, Case study ( North Narjes project in KSA)
Authors: Hajr Mohamed , AbouElSeoud Tarek , Hesham Basant , Qotp Seham
Published: January 2024

Sustainable building practices are becoming increasingly important today, especially in desert areas with more severe environmental challenges. Numerous sustainable building assessment systems are available globally and locally, but their effectiveness and applicability in desert areas are poorly understood[1]. The world’s desert regions are facing unique environmental challenges, and sustainable building practices are becoming more important than ever. By comparing various assessment systems, we hope to identify the most effective and applicable methods for sustainable building in these areas. This research aims to compare global and local sustainable building assessment systems in desert areas to identify the most effective and suitable systems.

Applying this to a sustainable program, which is one of the programs offered by the Ministry of Municipal, Rural Affairs and Housing (MOMRAH) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)[1], where the research will mean studying its suitability within desert Areas.
Applied research on methane steam reforming properties of porous structural catalyst fabricated by selective laser melting technology
Authors: Liang Xinghua , Wei Mingzhao , Dong Dongdong , Lan LingXiao , Yan Ge , Yan Xingchen , Wang Yujiang , Yi Jianglong , Chang Cheng , Liu Min
Published: January 2024

In this paper, structured catalysts with different specific surface areas were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM), and their catalytic properties were tested by methane steam reforming experiments. The results show that the structured catalyst prepared by SLM shows high structural stability and catalytic activity with H2 yield of 51.44% and CH4 conversion of 71.94%. The structured catalyst prepared by SLM can be impregnated with the traditional catalyst, which can improve the catalytic efficiency. After impregnation, the H2 yield and CH4 conversion rate of structured catalyst can reach 71.98%, and 99.53%, respectively. Compared with the traditional catalyst, the methane conversion rate is significantly improved. This work provides a simple and efficient manufacturing method for the functional integration of catalyst and reactor, which will promote the development of chemical synthesis and SLM.
Numerical analysis of the geophysical parameter sensitivity on the multimode Love wave dispersion curves
Authors: Hamimu La , Cahyono Edi , Budiman Herdi , Haraty Syamsul Razak , Ransi Natalis
Published: January 2024

The characteristics of multimode Love wave dispersion curves are dependent on various geophysical parameters, namely shear wave velocity (SWV), layer thickness and density. This paper presents a novel numerical analysis of these parameters to determine which ones have a significant effect on the dispersion curves of multimode Love waves. Identifying parameter sensitivity is a crucial step in the inversion procedure of geophysical modeling. Our numerical analysis focuses on perturbing three geophysical parameters that influence the dispersion curves. The results confirm that SWV parameter is the most sensitive. By employing the same perturbation procedure, our numerical analysis reveals that the SWV parameter has a highly significant impact on the multimode Love wave dispersion curves. The average relative error (RE) values are found to be 27.33% for alpha = −0.2 and 25.51% for alpha = +0.2. Conversely, perturbing the layer thickness parameter demonstrates no significant influence on the dispersion curves, resulting in average RE values of 5.69% for alpha = −0.2 and 7.96% for alpha = +0.2. Furthermore, the perturbation of the density parameter exhibits an extremely negligible impact on the multimode Love wave dispersion curves, with average RE values on the order of 10−14%.
Identifying the source term in the potential equation with weighted sparsity regularization
Authors: Elvetun Ole , Nielsen Bjørn
Published: January 2024

We explore the possibility for using boundary measurements to recover a sparse source term

f
(
x
)

f(x)

in the potential equation. Employing weighted sparsity regularization and standard results for subgradients, we derive simple-to-check criteria which assure that a number of sinks (

f
(
x
)
>
0

f(x)>0

) and sources (

f
(
x
)
>
0

f(x)>0

) can be identified. Furthermore, we present two cases for which these criteria always are fulfilled: (a) well-separated sources and sinks, and (b) many sources or sinks located at the boundary plus one interior source/sink. Our approach is such that the linearity of the associated forward operator is preserved in the discrete formulation. The theory is therefore conveniently developed in terms of Euclidean spaces, and it can be applied to a wide range of problems. In particular, it can be applied to both isotropic and anisotropic cases. We present a series of numerical experiments. This work is motivated by the observation that standard methods typically suggest that internal sinks and sources are located close to the boundary.
Double-well phase transitions are more rigid than minimal hypersurfaces
Authors: Mantoulidis Christos
Published: January 2024

In this short note we see that double-well phase transitions exhibit more rigidity than their minimal hypersurface counterparts.
Scattering for quantum Zakharov system in two space dimensions
Authors: Segata Jun-ichi
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study long time behavior of solution to the quantum Zakharov system in two dimensions. We construct a small global solution to the quantum Zakharov system which scatters to a given free solution by using space-time resonance method developed by Gustafson-Nakanishi-Tsai [Commun. Contemp. Math. 11 (2009), pp. 657–707] and Germain-Masmoudi-Shatah [Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN 3 (2009), 414–432; J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 97 (2012), pp. 505–543] etc.
A note on 𝐶^{1,𝛼}-smooth approximation of Lipschitz functions
Authors: Johanis Michal
Published: January 2024

We show that on super-reflexive spaces a Moreau-Yosida type of regularisation by infimal convolution together with a known insertion-type theorem (a variant of Ilmanen’s lemma) easily give an approximation of a Lipschitz function by a

C

1
,
α

C^{1,\alpha }

-smooth Lipschitz function with the same Lipschitz constant. This is a generalisation of the well-known theorem of J.-M. Lasry and P.-L. Lions from Hilbert spaces. It also gives a new self-contained and probably simpler proof of the Lasry-Lions theorem.
3-2-1 foliations for Reeb flows on the tight 3-sphere
Authors: de Oliveira Carolina
Published: January 2024

We study the existence of

3
−
2
−
1

3-2-1

foliations adapted to Reeb flows on the tight

3
3

-sphere. These foliations admit precisely three binding orbits whose Conley-Zehnder indices are

3
3

,

2
2

, and

1
1

, respectively. All regular leaves are disks and annuli asymptotic to the binding orbits. Our main results provide sufficient conditions for the existence of

3
−
2
−
1

3-2-1

foliations with prescribed binding orbits. We also exhibit a concrete Hamiltonian on

R

4

\mathbb {R}^4

admitting

3
−
2
−
1

3-2-1

foliations when restricted to suitable energy levels.
Detecting protein−protein interaction during liquid−liquid phase separation using fluorogenic protein sensors
Authors: Huang Yanan , Chen Junlin , Hsiung Chia-Heng , Bai Yulong , Tan Zizhu , Ye Songtao , Zhang Xin
Published: January 2024

The formation of cellular condensates, akin to membraneless organelles, is typically mediated by liquid−liquid phase separation (LLPS), during which proteins and RNA molecules interact with each other via multivalent interactions. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of these interactions holds significance in unraveling the mechanisms underlying condensate formation and the pathology of related diseases. In an attempt toward this end, fluorescence microscopy is often used to examine the colocalization of target proteins/RNAs. However, fluorescence colocalization is inadequate to reliably identify protein interaction due to the diffraction limit of traditional fluorescence microscopy. In this study, we achieve this goal through adopting a novel chemical biology approach via the dimerization-dependent fluorescent proteins (ddFPs). We succeeded in utilizing ddFPs to detect protein interaction during LLPS both in vitro and in living cells. The ddFPs allow us to investigate the interaction between two important LLPS-associated proteins, FUS and TDP-43, as cellular condensates formed. Importantly, we revealed that their interaction was associated with RNA binding upon LLPS, indicating that RNA plays a critical role in mediating interactions between RBPs. More broadly, we envision that utilization of ddFPs would reveal previously unknown protein−protein interaction and uncover their functional roles in the formation and disassembly of biomolecular condensates.
mvlearnR and Shiny App for multiview learning
Authors: Palzer Elise F , Safo Sandra E
Published: January 2024

The package mvlearnR and accompanying Shiny App is intended for integrating data from multiple sources or views or modalities (e.g. genomics, proteomics, clinical, and demographic data). Most existing software packages for multiview learning are decentralized and offer limited capabilities, making it difficult for users to perform comprehensive integrative analysis. The new package wraps statistical and machine learning methods and graphical tools, providing a convenient and easy data integration workflow. For users with limited programming language, we provide a Shiny Application to facilitate data integration anywhere and on any device. The methods have potential to offer deeper insights into complex disease mechanisms.

Availability and implementation

mvlearnR is available from the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/lasandrall/mvlearnR. The web application is hosted on shinyapps.io and available at: https://multi-viewlearn.shinyapps.io/MultiView_Modeling/.
Efficacy of cabergoline in non-irradiated patients with acromegaly: a multi-centre cohort study
Authors: Urwyler Sandrine A , Samperi Irene , Lithgow Kirstie , Mavilakandy Akash , Matheou Mike , Bradley Karin , Pal Aparna , Reddy Narendra L , Ayuk John , Karavitaki Niki
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy (as per current biochemical criteria) of cabergoline monotherapy or as addition to long-acting somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) in patients with acromegaly and no previous pituitary radiotherapy.

Design

Multi-centre, retrospective, cohort study (four UK pituitary centres: Birmingham, Bristol, Leicester, and Oxford).

Methods

Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were analysed.

Results

Sixty-nine patients on cabergoline monotherapy were included (median insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1] × upper limit of normal [ULN] pre-cabergoline 2.13 [1.02-8.54], median treatment duration 23 months, and median latest weekly dose 3 mg); 31.9% achieved normal IGF-1 (25% growth hormone [GH]-secreting and 60% GH+prolactin co-secreting tumours); median weekly cabergoline dose was similar between responders and non-responders. Insulin-like growth factor 1 normalization was related with GH+prolactin co-secreting adenoma (B 1.50, P = .02) and lower pre-cabergoline IGF-1 × ULN levels (B −0.70, P = .02). Both normal IGF-1 and GH < 1 mcg/L were detected in 12.9% of cases and tumour shrinkage in 29.4% of GH-secreting adenomas.

Twenty-six patients on SRL + cabergoline were included (median IGF-1 × ULN pre-cabergoline 1.7 [1.03-2.92], median treatment duration 36 months, and median latest weekly dose 2.5 mg); 23.1% achieved normal IGF-1 (15.8% GH-secreting and 33.3% GHprolactin co-secreting tumours). Normal IGF-1 and GH < 1 mcg/L were detected in 17.4%.

Conclusions

In non-irradiated patients, cabergoline normalizes IGF-1 in around one-third and achieves both IGF-1 and GH targets in approximately one out of ten cases. SRL + cabergoline is less efficient than previously reported possibly due to differences in study methodology and impact of confounding factors.
When economically optimal is ecologically complicated: modeling tree-by-tree cutting decisions to maximize financial returns from northern hardwood stands
Authors: Foppert John D , Maker Neal F
Published: January 2024

This study challenges a long-standing and often uncontested assertion in the forestry discourse that maximizing financial returns always requires ecologically simplified stands. We developed a high-resolution simulation tool for northern hardwood stands in eastern North America and integrated advanced numerical optimization methods to model the tree-level harvest decisions that maximize financial returns. We modeled each individual tree’s growth and its probability of natural mortality, conditioned on the evolving neighborhood-scale competitive environment it resides in. We developed size-, species-, and grade-specific price functions to assign potential harvest revenue values to each discrete bole section of each standing tree, and we used an evolutionary search algorithm to specify the financially optimal timing of tree-by-tree removals. We modeled three different case studies, representing a broad range of northern hardwood stand conditions, including a hypothetical 50-year-old, even-aged stand and two inventoried stands in northern New York, USA, with contrasting management histories. We observed consistent results across all three cases: maximizing financial returns from northern hardwood forests requires silvicultural finesse and results in ecologically complicated stands.
Temperature digital twins model for blueberry pre-cooling based on micro-cluster method
Authors: Wang Da , Yang Xiangzheng , Wu Di , Jia Lianwen , Wei Wenwen
Published: January 2024

Objectives

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of forced-air pre-cooling for blueberries, a mathematical model of forced-air pre-cooling for blueberries based on the micro-cluster method was established.

Materials and Methods

In order to determine the optimal micro-cluster model parameters suitable for forced air pre-cooling of blueberries, three factors controlling the micro-cluster geometry parameters were evaluated by 7/8 pre-cooling time, uniformity, and convective heat transfer coefficient.

Results

It was found that the optimal values of the number of micro-clusters (n3), the distance between individual units within a micro-cluster (a) and the distance between micro-clusters (c) were 3, 0.75, and 0.2, respectively. Under these optimal values, the temperature error of the micro-cluster method remained below 1 °C, achieving highly accurate temperature predictions during the blueberry pre-cooling process. The results showed that the micro-cluster method effectively solved the challenges of complex configuration, long simulation time, and low accuracy compared to the porous medium and equivalent sphere methods.

Conclusion

Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that the micro-cluster method provids a theoretical basis for optimizing forced-air pre-cooling processes and making informed control decisions.
Complex rupture evolution of the 2007 Martinique earthquake: a non-double-couple event in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Ohara Kenta , Yagi Yuji , Okuwaki Ryo
Published: January 2024

A large non-double-couple component of a tectonic earthquake indicates that its rupture likely was complex and likely involved multiple faults. Detailed source models of such earthquakes can add to our understanding of earthquake source complexity. The 2007 Martinique earthquake in the Caribbean Sea is one of the largest recent earthquakes with a known large non-double-couple component. It was an intermediate depth intraslab earthquake within the South American plate where it is subducting beneath the Caribbean plate. We applied potency density tensor inversion (PDTI) to teleseismic P waves generated by the 2007 Martinique earthquake to model its source processes and focal mechanism distribution. We identified two focal mechanisms: a strike-slip mechanism with a north–south tension axis (T-axis), and a downdip extension (DDE) mechanism with an east–west T-axis. Rupture by the DDE mechanism was predominant in the northern part of the source region and strike-slip rupture in the southern part. These two focal mechanisms had approximately parallel pressure axes (P-axes) and approximately orthogonal T-axes. The seismic moments released by both types of rupture were almost equal. These results indicate that the 2007 Martinique earthquake had a large non-double-couple component. We identified five subevents with two predominant directions of rupture propagation: two strike-slip subevents propagated to the southeast and three DDE subevents propagated to the east. Although the directions of propagation were consistent for each focal mechanism, each subevent appears to have occurred in isolation. For example, the rupture of one DDE subevent propagated from the edge of the source region back towards the hypocentre. Complex ruptures that include multiple subevents may be influenced by high pore fluid pressure associated with slab dehydration. Our results show that PDTI can produce stable estimates of complex seismic source processes and provide useful information about the sources of complex intermediate depth intraslab earthquakes for which fault geometry assumptions are difficult.
Torque Teno Virus Load Is Associated With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Stage and CD4+ Cell Count in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus but Seems Unrelated to AIDS-Defining Events and Human Pegivirus Load
Authors: Esser Pia L , Quintanares Gibran H Rubio , Langhans Bettina , Heger Eva , Böhm Michael , Jensen Björn-Erik O L E , Esser Stefan , Lübke Nadine , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Lengauer Thomas , Klein Florian , Oette Mark , Rockstroh Juergen K , Boesecke Christoph , Di Cristanziano Veronica , Kaiser Rolf , Pirkl Martin
Published: January 2024

Background

Torque teno virus (TTV) is part of the human virome. TTV load was related to the immune status in patients after organ transplantation. We hypothesize that TTV load could be an additional marker for immune function in people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods

In this analysis, serum samples of PLWH from the RESINA multicenter cohort were reanalyzed for TTV. Investigated clinical and epidemiological parameters included human pegivirus load, patient age and sex, HIV load, CD4+ T-cell count (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] stage 1, 2, or 3), and CDC clinical stage (1993 CDC classification system; stage A, B, or C) before initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Regression analysis was used to detect possible associations among parameters.

Results

Our analysis confirmed TTV as a strong predictor of CD4+ T-cell count and CDC class 3. This relationship was used to propose a first classification of TTV load with regard to clinical stage. We found no association with clinical CDC stages A–C. The human pegivirus load was inversely correlated with HIV load but not TTV load.

Conclusions

TTV load was associated with immunodeficiency in PLWH. Neither TTV nor HIV load were predictive for the clinical categories of HIV infection.
Alterations of rumen and fecal microbiome in growing beef and dairy steers fed rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin
Authors: Bierly Stephanie A , Van Syoc Emily P , Westphalen Mariana F , Miles Asha M , Gaeta Natalia C , Felix Tara L , Hristov Alexander N , Ganda Erika K
Published: January 2024

The microbiome has been linked to animal health and productivity, and thus, modulating animal microbiomes is becoming of increasing interest. Antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) were once a common technology used to modulate the microbiome, but regulation and consumer pressure have decreased AGP use in food animals. One alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters are phytotherapeutics, compounds derived from plants. Capsaicin is a compound from the Capsicum genus, which includes chili peppers. Capsaicin has antimicrobial properties and could be used to manipulate the gastrointestinal microbiome of cattle. Both the rumen and fecal microbiomes are essential to cattle health and production, and modulation of either microbiome can affect both cattle health and productivity. We hypothesized that the addition of rumen-protected capsaicin to the diet of cattle would alter the composition of the fecal microbiome, but not the rumen microbiome. To determine the impact of rumen-protected capsaicin in cattle, four Holstein and four Angus steers were fed rumen-protected Capsicum oleoresin at 0 (Control), 5, 10, or 15 mg kg−1 diet dry matter. Cattle were fed in treatment groups in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design with a 21-d adaptation phase and a 7-d sample collection phase. Rumen samples were collected on day 22 at 0-, 2-, 6-, 12-, and 18-h post-feeding, and fecal swabs were collected on the last day of sample collection, day 28, within 1 h of feeding. Sequencing data of the 16s rRNA gene was analyzed using the dada2 pipeline and taxa were assigned using the SILVA database. No differences were observed in alpha diversity among fecal or rumen samples for either breed (P > 0.08) and no difference between groups was detected for either breed in rumen samples or for Angus steers in fecal samples (P > 0.42). There was a difference in beta diversity between treatments in fecal samples of Holstein steers (P < 0.01), however, a pairwise comparison of the treatment groups suggests no difference between treatments after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Therefore, we were unable to observe substantial overall variation in the rumen or fecal microbiomes of steers due to increasing concentrations of rumen-protected capsaicin. We do, however, see a trend toward increased concentrations of capsaicin influencing the fecal microbiome structure of Holstein steers despite this lack of significance.