bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testemunhos de conversão de egressos do sistema prisional: discurso, religião e ideologia
Authors: Gonçalves José Arthur Teixeira , Ferreira Nilton César
Published: May 2015

O presente artigo objetiva analisar o significado do discursoreligioso acerca da conversão e da ressocialização de egressos dosistema carcerário. A metodologia adotada foi a Análise de Discursode origem francesa. O trabalho divide-se em duas partes: naprimeira, apresentam-se os postulados da Análise de Discurso e aspeculiaridades do discurso religioso; na segunda, analisa-se um corpusde depoimentos de sujeitos religiosos à Comissão Parlamentar deInquérito (CPI) do Sistema Carcerário. Pode-se depreender da análiseque a religião constitui-se em veículo de produção e reproduçãode ideologias e que o discurso em estudo apresenta a propostasoteriológica de conversão como mais eficaz na ressocialização docondenado do que a assistência proporcionada pelo Estado. Observa-se, inclusive, que as falas enunciadas pelos agentes na CPI mimetizamas estruturas do discurso litúrgico, transformando a audiência daCPI em um simulacro de culto evangélico, com suas narrativas(“testemunhos”) e apelos.
Práticas discursivas de participação política na internet: uma perspectiva do dissenso
Authors: Pinheiro Petrilson Alan
Published: May 2015

O objeto deste trabalho é discutir, com base em dados empíricos,como fóruns do Portal da Câmara dos Deputados Federaispossibilitam a criação de espaços de movimentos políticos por partedos usuários do portal. Para entender esses movimentos políticos nainternet, fazemos uso dos conceitos teóricos propostos por Rancièrede “partage du sensible, “disssensus” e “subjetivação política”, que,assim como estabelecem uma relação hierárquica entre aqueles quepossuem visibilidade e os que não possuem, dentro de um processoinstitucionalmente ordenador que aloca indivíduos em lugaresparticulares, sustentam também o potencial para a sua própriadissolução.
Dados geolinguísticos sob uma perspectiva estatística: a variação lexical no Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul do Brasil
Authors: Romano Valter Pereira , Seabra Rodrigo Duarte
Published: May 2015

Este trabalho utiliza como corpus de análise os dados coletadospela equipe do Projeto Atlas Linguístico do Brasil em três regiões:Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul. A pesquisa objetiva discutir adistribuição diatópica das variantes lexicais para a questão 133 –Criança pequenininha, a gente diz que é bebê. E quando ela tem de 5a 10 anos, do sexo feminino? – do Questionário Semântico-Lexical(COMITÊ NACIONAL, 2001, p. 32). A metodologia utilizadaenvolveu análises descritivas e inferenciais pertinentes ao estudo.Para tanto, cinco hipóteses foram testadas a fim de averiguar ocomportamento e a distribuição das cinco variantes mais produtivasno conjunto de respostas. Os principais resultados indicam que asvariantes apresentam comportamento distinto nas três regiões: (i) a variante menina apresenta distribuição homogênea nos dez estados;(ii) a forma lexical guria possui distribuição heterogênea nas regiõesCentro-Oeste e Sul; (iii) a variante garota apresenta homogeneidadeno Sudeste do país.
Que povo é esse?
Authors: Indursky Freda
Published: May 2015

Cet article examine la représentation de I' autre à travers la forme lexicale povo [peuple] dans le discours présidentiel de la République Militaire Brésilienne (1964-1984). Cette forme de représentation s' est avérée un instrument politique tres efficace car, par son biais, ont été construites deux fonctions énonciatives distinctes - le porte-parole et le médiateur - qui font travailler I' ambigui'té qui caractérise ce discours. Ces deux fonctionnements discursifs montrent que, sous l'apparence du consensus - effet tissé par la fonction du porte parole - le silence est instauré dans cet espace discursif à travers la fontion du médiateur - simulacre de porte-parole. Le jeu énonciatif établi par la superposition de ces deux fonctions dévoile I'imaginaire du sujet de ce discours.
Les procédés logico -argumentatifs du discours propagandiste dans OHomem e o Cavalo d'Oswald de Andrade
Authors: Rodrigues Heliane Kohler
Published: May 2015

Na peça de Oswald de Andrade publicada em 1934, O Homem e o Cavalo, dois quadros são dedicados à propaganda revolucionária, tendo como contexto enunciativo o mundo socialista, e como agentes discursivos diferentes personagens, representantes do povo soviético. O objetivo deste trabalho é revelar o mecanismo argumentativo do discurso de propaganda, ou seja, analisar a argumentação propagandista em função dos diferentes argumentos (provas) fornecidos pelos locutores-oradores soviéticos, e explicitar as diferentes operações/construções de "mise en sens" do discurso. A estruturação dos argumentos (antes vs após a Revolução de 1917) revela a presença de 3 tipos de procedimentos 16gicoargumentativos: oposição, refutação, ilustração.
Analyse Acoustique de la Question en Portugais
Authors: Reis César
Published: May 2015

A questão total é descrita, em estudos acústicos recentes (Hochgreb, 1983: Moraes, 1984), como sendo caracterizada por um movimento melódico ascendente final, seguido normalmente de uma queda. Os dados acústicos de 8 locutores, estudantes da FALE-UFMG, nascidos em Belo Horizonte, mostram uma ocorrência significativa de um movimento melódico descendente final, o que é, normalmente descrito como característica da asserção. A análise acústica dos intervalos de freqüência fundamental (Fo) nas sílabas tônicas, assim como o intervalo de Fo entre a tônica final e a átona que a precede imediatamente, mostram que o correlato acústico da questão total parece ser o intervalo positivo de Fo entre átona-tônica final.
O Estatuto dos Nominais Pós-Verbais dos Verbos Inacusativos
Authors: Nascimento Milton , Kato Mary
Published: May 2015

ln this paper, written in the framework of the PrincipIes and Parameters Theory, we propose an altemative anaIysis for post-verbaI constituents of inaccusative verbs, on the basis of Brazilian Portuguese data. Basically, we anaIyze these constituents as predicative constructions and we extend this anaIysis to all constructions which contain the so-called "definitude effect".
Coelho, Schuchardt e Hesseling: Encontros e Desencontros entre Pioneiros dos Estudos Crioulos.
Authors: Alkmim Tânia Maria
Published: May 2015

L'article en question fait un bref aperçu des rapports entretenus par Coelho, Schuchardt et Hesseling sur la question des pidgins et créoles. Ces auteurs, considerés comme les fondateurs des champs des études créoles et issus de la linguistique du XIXeme siécle, présentent des ressemblances et des différences, qu 'on peut déceler a partir de l'examen de quelques uns de leurs textes.
A linguagem politicamente correta e a análise do discurso
Authors: Possenti Sírio
Published: May 2015

The main argument ofthe present paper is that certain linguistic faets - which are central in the dispute for a politically correct use of language - are of paramount importance for discourse analysis, especially in the Frenchtradition. lnthis theory, language functioning and meaning are explained interms ofhistorical postulates. Yet, such facts are frequently disputed by speakers, andthis has the consequence of making explicit the fight for words and their senses. The widest known cases are those which encompass racist (e. g. blaek vs. afrobrazilian or afro-american) or sexist (e. g. sissy vs. homosexual) language.
Intervocalic Palatal Glides in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Silva Thais Cristófaro
Published: May 2015

Neste trabalho nós analisamos formas que apresentam glides intervocálicos no português brasileiro, e.g. [méja] 'meia'. Na primeira parte do trabalho nós consideramos as possíveis interpretações para glides intervocálicos de acordo com a Teoria Fonológica de Governo. Após considerarmos o comportamento fonológico de glides intervocálicos nós proporemos que estes são derivados de umaposição nuclear preenchida com uma vogal alta. Nossa análise explica a distribuíção de glides intervocálicos em relação ao acento primário no português brasileiro.
Do discurso publicitário de origem popular: O anúncio de videntes
Authors: Bittencourt Vanda Oliveira
Published: May 2015

lnthis paper, I examine the question ofsubjectivity in advertisements for clairvoyants, according to Discourse Analysis Theory (French version) and some elements of Enunciation Theory. These advertisements result from the interrelation between two kinds of discourse, the advertising andthe spiritualistic, as manifested inlower class publications. I show that, in spite ofits popular origin, this kind ofpropaganda in fact repeats the patternofthe elite class - with its ideology orpower, domination and alienation, both in linguistic and discourse terms.
A forma CÊ e a noção de gramaticalização
Authors: Vitral Lorenzo
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper is to provide an analysis for the complementary distribution between the Brazilian forms você and cê (Uyou"). I argue that cê is a clitic and constitutes a step in the grammaticalization process of the form Vossa Mercê.
Aspectos da recusa (negação) na conversação em português-brasileiro
Authors: Mendes Eliana Amarante Mendonça
Published: May 2015

This article is a contribution to the study of the role played by pragmatic factors in negation in Brazilian Portuguese. It is shown that cultural factors, such as Leech's Politeness Maxims, play an important role in the use of negation by Brazilian Portuguese speakers and that these aspects must be taken into consideration in the teaching of Brazilian Portuguese as a foreign language.
As seqüências qu- e gu mais vogal
Authors: Couto Hildo Honório
Published: May 2015

The aim of this paper is to eliscuss the possible interpretations of the high back vowel [wl preceeleel by [kl ar [g] anel followeel by another vowel. Some phonologists interpret [kwl anel [gwl as the labializeel velars /k"'j anel /gw/, respectively. ln the framework of the present-elay preference for principies insteacl of mies, I argue that the best interpretation for these groups woulcl be as /k/ anel /gI followeel by a diphthong. However, both interpretations have aelvantages anel elisadvantages.
Cancelamento de /b,d,g/ intervocálicos no espanhol argentino de Rosário
Authors: Marusso Adriana Silvia
Published: May 2015

This paper aims at analyzing certain cases of elision of Ib,d,g/ in intervocalic position taking into consideration both syllabic stnlt.'ture anel the number of syllables. 111e elialect t.meler stuely is the Argentine Spanish of Rosario, dty which belongs to the linguistic region of the Río ele la Plata. Finally, the results obtaineel in our analysis are contrasted to John Harris' point ofview (989) in order to ielentify in which stage within Lexical Phonology these phenomena are placed.
Condições semântico-pragmáticas
Authors: Perini Mário Alberto , Faiha Sigrid , Fulgêncio Lúcia Monteiro de Barros , Bessa Neto Regina
Published: May 2015

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Introdução
Authors: Perini Mário Alberto
Published: May 2015

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Todos e ambos
Authors: Perini Mário Alberto
Published: May 2015

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Perspectivas
Authors: Perini Mário Alberto
Published: May 2015

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A hipótese mórfica
Authors: Perini Mário Alberto , Faiha Sigrid , Fulgêncio Lúcia Monteiro de Barros , Bessa Neto Regina
Published: May 2015

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A hipótese sêmica
Authors: Perini Mário Alberto , Faiha Sigrid , Fulgêncio Lúcia Monteiro de Barros , Bessa Neto Regina
Published: May 2015

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Ditongos decrescentes: variação & ensino
Authors: Gonçalves Carlos Alexandre
Published: May 2015

In this article, I examine the variable rule of semivowel ([y] and [w]) suppression in decreasing diphthongs of Brazilian Portuguese. More precisely, my purpose is to discuss the practicability of application of the variationist research into these diphthongs to Portuguese teaching, particularly literary acquisition. For this, I utilize the proposal of Mollica (1993, 1995 and in press), who establishes pedagogical strategies for the use of quantitative research in the production of didactic material.
Difusão lexical e variação fonológica: o fator semântico
Authors: Madureira Evelyne Dogliani
Published: May 2015

This article presents evidence for the Lexical Diffusion model in the vocalization of [lh] in the speech of informants from Belo Horizonte. A set of words in which the vocalization seems to be introduced in the middle-class group is restricted to informal speech styles. Moreover, as far as semantics, is concerned the actuation of Lexical Diffusion is focused regardless of variation, this being seen as an ulterior hypothetical step in the process. This enables us to distinguish social groups internal and external changes in terms of the implementation of lexical diffusion.
Restrições à ocorrência da CV e do pronome lexical sujeitos no português
Authors: Mourão Eliane
Published: May 2015

AbstractAnalysis of the presence of an empty category and a lexical pronoun in the subject position of tensed clauses in Portuguese. Identification of general structural factors which determine a restriction pattern for the occurence of these categories; and identification of structural factors which are specific to particular types of sentences and which determine change in the pattern.
Reanalisando o processo de cancelamento do ( r ) em final de sílaba
Authors: Oliveira Marco Antônio de
Published: May 2015

Abstract This paper is an attempt to reanalyse the process of final (r) deletion in Portuguese nominals according to the Lexical Diffusion Model.This analysis considers not only structural factors, mainly the lexical item, but also the individual as an important factor in the spread of the process, according to Shen (1990). Evidence is provided to show that the idea advanced in Oliveira (1991), that all sound changes are instances of lexical diffusion processes, is superior to the analysis provided by Oliveira (1983), cast in the Neogrammarian Model, for the same process.
O acento primário do português
Authors: Lee Seung-Hwa
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper discusses the primary stress rules of Brazilian Portuguese (BP). I argue that i) the primary stress rules are category sensitive –there are two distinct rules in BP: one for non-verb forms which applies at the derivational level (level) and the other for verb forms which applies at the inflectional level (level); ii) the primary stress rules are quantity-insensitive; iii) the extrametricality is determined by morphology and is subject to Peripherality Condition.
Resenha: Appropriate methodology and social context – Adrian Holliday
Authors: Chiarini Ana Maria
Published: May 2015

Resenha: Appropriate methodology and social context– Adrian Holliday*
A nasalização no português brasileiro pela teoria da otimidade
Authors: Battisti Elisa
Published: May 2015

Abstract  The acceptance of the hypothesis of a /vN/ sequence as the basis of both nasal vowels and diphthongs, and the investigation of the nature of the nasal consonant in syllable coda, led us to relate subspecification of the nasal segment to the triggering of nasalization through the principles of Prosodic Licensing (Itô 1986,1989) and Autosegmental Licensing (Goldsmith 1990). Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993, McCarthy & Prince 1993) conceives these principles as restrictions. The model predicts that the interaction of restrictions in a hierarchy determines the choice of the optimal form from a group of candidates generated by the grammar of a language for a given input. The conflict between Licence(place) and HavePlace chooses the homorganic NC sequence as one of the three possible optimal forms for the /vN/ sequence in word-internal position. In word-final position, the same two restrictions play a role in nasal glide formation from / oN/. The outcoming of a dissimilated peak-vowel is forced by MaxDist
Variação e funcionalidade
Authors: Naro Anthony Julius
Published: May 2015

Both functional and non-functional variation exist on a large scale.A typically non-functional phenomenon is subject/verb concord,where plural markers are used more often precisely in thoseenvironments in which they are unnecessary from the point ofview of communicating meaning, such as when the subject andverb are adjacent. On the other hand, the use of realized versuszero subject pronouns is fully functional: such pronouns tend tobe used more frequently in environments in which their absencewould lead to ambiguity in interpretation on the discourse level.Non-functional variation is a characteristic of phenomena that arein an advanced stage of diachronic evolution, near the end of thefunctional cycle. Functional variation can be found near thebeginning of the cycle. In this regard, variable agreement has beenoccurring for several centuries, while the marked increase infrequency of use of subject pronouns is very recent.
Variação e funcionalidade no uso de pronomes de 2ª pessoa do singular no português carioca
Authors: Silva Vera Lúcia Paredes
Published: May 2015

Previous variationist analysis of subject pronoun expression inlanguages like Portuguese and Spanish provide arguments for theso-called functional compensation hypothesis: pronouns tend tobe used whenever they are needed for the felicitous flow ofcommunication. On the other hand, some researchers have shownthe opposite effect of the parallel processing principle: markingtends to attract more marking, in a redundant way. This articlediscusses both hypotheses, applied to the use of the second personsubject pronoun, bringing evidence from natural conversation inPortuguese as spoken in Rio de Janeiro. The data were collectedin 1989/1990.
Variação e iconicidade: a representação morfossintática de uma hierarquia semântica
Authors: Gryner Helena
Published: May 2015

In portuguese if-clauses there occur three morphosyntactic alternativeforms – present indicative (PI), futur subjunctive (FS) and imperfectsubjunctive (IS). Traditional grammars correlate these to the threesemantic categories of realis, potentialis and irrealis. Actually, therealis appear only in PI and the irrealis in IS. However, sociolinguisticanalysis shows that the eventual potentialis often has a PI form; andthe habitual or generic potentialis, that are similar to the realis, mayappear in the FS. This paper focuses on the in/variability of theseforms. It identifies an iconically motivated epistemic hierarchy wherestatistical distribution codifies the probabilistic perception of thereality continuum.
Variação e função em aférese
Authors: Mollica Maria Cecília , Fundo Kátia Henriques do , Gomes Luciana da Silva , Oliveira Mônica da Silva Pinto , Silva Renata Flávia da
Published: May 2015

This article focuses on the aphesis of es- with the purpose ofinvestigating (a) why it is restricted to a very limited portion of thelexicon and (b) how a relationship between variation and functioncan be established regarding aphesis. The results show that suchvariation is controlled by principles of communicability. The moreformal the speech (such as non-spontaneous narratives) the morechances of retention of es-.
Iniciadores de turno em função da polidez
Authors: Macedo Alzira V. Tavares de
Published: May 2015

This paper examines the use of discourse markers as turn takersand shows how they are correlated to politeness factors.More than 7000 beginnings of turns are analyzed in interviewswith speakers from Rio de Janeiro using the methodology oflanguage variation proposed by Labov. Factors such as type ofdiscourse, complexity and change of topic in the interview,argumentative attitude of the interviewee, etc. are seen as facethreatening contexts that require polite strategies such as the useof discourse markers.The functionalist approach of the paper is discussed, as long asstructural items are interpreted as motivated by the context ofinteraction.
Reanálise de alguns aspectos da vocalização da lateral palatal no português
Authors: Madureira Evelyne Dogliani
Published: May 2015

Cet article propose une réfléxion concernant le rôle joué par deuxmodels explicatifs du changement linguistique (le modelnéogrammairien et celui de la diffusion lexicale) dans le processusde vocalisation de la latérale palatale en portugais. L’analyse prenden compte les caractéristiques du même processus en d’autreslangues romanes, le français, surtout. Des facteurs de différentesordres tels que la derive et le soustrat linguistique, ainsi que lesaspects socio-culturels intervenants dans les processus dechangement linguistique y sont considérés.
Estudo com diários
Authors: Mattos Andréa Machado de Almeida
Published: May 2015

This paper aims at a methodological discussion of journal studieswithin the scope of Applied Linguistics, specifically those studiesreferring to the teaching/learning of a second language. First, theclassic dichotomy between quantitative and qualitative studies isaddressed, placing journal studies in the qualitative paradigm.Second, the paper presents a methodological discussion of suchstudies, through a review of work published in this area.
Por um estatuto epistemológico da análise do discurso
Authors: Christofoletti Rogério
Published: May 2015

This article aims to bring some contributions to the discussion ofthe epistemological status of French Discourse Analysis. Becausethere isn’t a single answer to this question yet, this work will studyseveral authors and their observations about the French DiscourseAnalysis and its epistemologicals limits.
Toward an ethically committed linguistics
Authors: Rajagopalan Kanavillil
Published: May 2015

The pivotal claim of this paper is that ethical issues are invariablypresent in Linguistics even at those moments when one is discussingwhat are presumably ‘purely theoretical’ problems. The reason whymany linguists have difficulty in recognising this is that they areencumbered by a host of dogmas in relation to how a scientificarea of study is constituted. Among these dogmas is the idea thatthe raw materials of the science of language are the so-called ‘hardfacts’ – entities that are, by definition, devoid of any ultimateinterests. It is further believed that all that Linguistics attempts todo is to describe them, or, following Chomsky’s recommendation,explain the whys and wherefores of things, but always in waysthat are purely internal to the phenomena in question.
A monotongação do ditongo decrescente [eI] no português caxiense
Authors: Araújo Maria Francisca Ribeiro de
Published: May 2015

This study approaches the monophthongization of [eI9] fallingdiphthong in the Portuguese spoken in Caxias (Maranhão), in thelight of two recent proposals of phonological interpretation of thephenomenon: Bisol (1989, 1994)’s proposal, based on The Geometryof Phonological Feature (cf. Clements, 1985), and Schane (1995)’sproposal, based on Particle Phonology. The results show that thesubject is controversial; The proposals here treated present someproblems, but they also contribute to its solution. We noticed thatBisol’s interpretation accounts for the reduction of the diphthongin focus before palatals, but the explanation given for the phenomenonbefore tap or simple vibrant is questionable. Regarding themonophthongization of [eI9] falling diphthong before the vowel [a](e.g., [:meI9a] > [:mea] ‘sock’), nothing is mentioned in the proposal.Particle Phonology, according to Schane, doesn’t make clear if thephenomenon is “per se” determined by the syllabic duration or bythe following segment.
O clítico e seu status prosódico
Authors: Bisol Leda
Published: May 2015

Clitics have received great attention in recent years. Articles dealingwith their syntactic or prosodic structure enrich the literature. Butthe question we are raising here is about where clitics take prosodicstatus. Is it in the lexical or in the postlexical component?We will argue that clitics are prosodized in the postlexicalcomponent. Arguments will be provided for the difference betweenthe prefix that belongs to the Phonological Word formed in thelexical component and the clitic that belongs to the Clitic Group.The most important evidence that supports the idea that the cliticdoes not belong to the phonological word comes from Elision, asandhi rule, that applies between words including clitics.
Metaenunciação: uma questão de interdiscurso e de relevância
Authors: Possenti Sírio
Published: May 2015

This paper discusses the fundamental difference between pragmaticsand discourse analysis (French line) in relation to the metaenunciationor comments in the discourse about the discourse itself.This difference involves the concepts of “circumstances” and“production conditions”. It will be seen that both theories refer toeach other in a reductionist way and that certain facts could beunderstood better if the discourse analysis considered circumstantialaspects which, from this point of view, are relevant only for pragmatics.
Linking northern fur seal dive behavior to environmental variables in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Joy Ruth , Dowd Michael G. , Battaile Brian C. , Lestenkof Pamela M. , Sterling Jeremy T. , Trites Andrew W. , Routledge Richard D.
Published: May 2015

Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) breeding on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska have declined dramatically over the past 40 years. Effective conservation of northern fur seals depends on understanding the foraging behavior of adult females whose foraging success is linked to pup survival. We determined the foraging behavior for 11 tagged lactating female northern fur seals from the Pribilof Islands using a state‐space modeling approach with an autoregressive movement model. To interpret at‐sea behavior in the context of oceanic habitat, we spatially and temporally matched high‐resolution reconstructed tracks to a set of environmental covariates that included: commercial groundfish catch, sea surface temperature, primary productivity, wind speed, depth and time of day. We used a Bayesian hierarchical framework to implement a multinomial regression model to link behavior to environmental covariates and account for the mismatch of scale between fur seal behavior and the environmental variables by incorporating an error‐in‐covariates approach into the hierarchical model. The Bayesian framework allowed us to build a single model to synthesize the information from all the northern fur seal foraging tracks and the available information about the underlying environmental conditions. Application of the approach indicated that the behavioral states for the northern fur seal were significantly related to the Alaska commercial groundfish catch, particularly walleye pollock (Gadus chalogramma).
Gap pattern of the largest primeval beech forest of Europe revealed by remote sensing
Authors: Hobi M. L. , Ginzler C. , Commarmot B. , Bugmann H.
Published: May 2015

Little is known about the gap pattern of primeval beech forests, since large‐scale studies with continuous coverage are lacking. Analyses of forest structural patterns have benefitted from advances in remote sensing, especially with the launch of satellites providing data of submetric ground resolution. These developments can strongly advance our knowledge of natural forest dynamics and disturbance regimes. The Uholka‐Shyrokyi Luh forest in the Ukrainian Carpathians, the largest remnant of primeval European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) covering 102.8 km2, is an outstanding object to analyze the frequency distribution of gap sizes and to infer processes of forest dynamics. A stereo pair of very high‐resolution WorldView‐2 satellite images was used to characterize the forest's gap pattern. Canopy gaps were first digitized stereoscopically based on the image pair. In a second step, spectral properties in the red and yellow frequency bands were used to distinguish the stereoscopically mapped gap areas from non‐gap areas, which enabled gap mapping over the entire study area. To validate the spectral gap mapping 338 randomly distributed samples were assigned manually to gap and non‐gap areas based on the ortho‐images. We found excellent agreement except for an overestimation of gaps close to clouds due to diffuse image areas. The frequency distribution of gap size revealed the forest to be structured by a small‐scale mosaic of gaps mainly <200 m2 (98% of the gaps). Only a few large, stand‐replacing events were detected, most probably caused by a wind storm in March 2007 and a heavy wet snow fall in October 2009. The small canopy gaps reflect fine‐scale processes shaping forest structure, i.e., the death of single trees or groups of a few trees and is in line with the findings of the terrestrial forest inventory. We conclude that remote sensing approaches based on very high‐resolution satellite images are highly useful to characterize even small‐scale forest disturbance regimes and to study long‐term gap dynamics. Stereo satellite images provide two viewing angles of the study area, thus allowing for a highly accurate mapping of canopy gaps in forests with a complex topography.
Changes in canopy structure and ant assemblages affect soil ecosystem variables as a foundation species declines
Authors: Kendrick Joseph A. , Ribbons Relena R. , Classen Aimée T. , Ellison Aaron M.
Published: May 2015

The decline of Tsuga canadensis (eastern hemlock)—a foundation tree species—due to infestation by Adelges tsugae (hemlock woolly adelgid) or its complete removal from a stand by salvage logging dramatically affects associated faunal assemblages. Among these assemblages, species composition (richness and abundance) of ants increases rapidly as T. canadensis is lost from the stands. Because ants live and forage at the litter‐soil interface, we hypothesized that environmental changes caused by hemlock loss (e.g., increased light and warmth at the forest floor, increased soil pH) and shifts in ant species composition would interact to alter soil ecosystem variables. In the Harvard Forest Hemlock Removal Experiment (HF‐HeRE), established in 2003, T. canadensis in large plots were killed in place or logged and removed to mimic adelgid infestation or salvage harvesting, respectively. In 2006, we built ant exclosure subplots within all of the canopy manipulation plots to examine direct and interactive effects of canopy change and ant assemblage composition on soil and litter variables. Throughout HF‐HeRE, T. canadensis was colonized by the adelgid in 2009, and the infested trees are now declining. The experimental removal of T. canadensis from the canopy was associated with an increase in the rate of cellulose decomposition by >50%, and exclosure of ants from subplots directly reduced their soil nitrate availability by 56%. Partial least squares path models revealed sequential interactive effects prior to adelgid infestation: canopy change (as a proxy for associated environmental changes) altered both decomposition and ant assemblage structure; changes in ant assemblage structure and decomposition rates altered nitrogen availability. The results illustrate that biotic changes directly associated with decline of T. canadensis can have cascading effects on ecosystem nutrient availability and cycling.
Anxiety Sensitivity: An Examination of the Relationship With Authoritarian, Authoritative, and Permissive Parental Styles
Authors: Timpano Kiara R. , Carbonella Julia Y. , Keough Meghan E. , Abramowitz Jonathan , Schmidt Norman B.
Published: May 2015

A substantial literature has investigated the role of parenting on a child’s development. Several classifications of parenting styles (i.e., permissive, authoritarian, authoritative) have been linked to a wide range of negative outcomes such as mood and anxiety problems; however, their respective associations to anxiety sensitivity (AS) remain unclear. Using a nonclinical sample of young adults (N = 227), this study is the first to empirically investigate whether parenting styles were differentially associated with AS, controlling for general depression and anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that authoritarian and permissive styles were associated with elevated AS. Permissive parenting was associated with the AS physical subfactor, whereas authoritarian parenting was associated with the AS social subfactor. Moreover, AS was found to mediate the relationship between specific parental styles and anxiety symptoms as well as depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that AS may mediate the relationship between parenting styles and negative psychological outcomes.
Embedding High-Fidelity Simulation into a Foundations of Nursing Course
Authors: Talbot Megan Sary
Published: May 2015

Delay in recognizing the need for and initiating lifesaving measures is unacceptable in health care. It is never too early to teach novice nursing students to recognize and respond to early warning signs of patient deterioration. The rapid response system was developed to expedite recognition of and response to changes in a patient's condition. Use of high-fidelity simulation by beginning nursing students to practice recognizing and responding to patient deterioration is vital to both the welfare of patients and the edification of students. Recognizing and responding quickly to patients’ early warning signs of deterioration can determine a patient's outcome. This article discusses the importance of instructing beginning nursing students in identifying and reacting appropriately to early signs of patient deterioration and in following the chain of command to activate the rapid response team.
Some Wounds Don’t Bleed: An Examination of Unresolved Trauma in Vietnam Veterans and Its Ethical Implications Through the Lens of One Man’s Story and Beyond
Authors: Spence Mikhaile , Rose David , Tucker James A.
Published: May 2015

The Vietnam War left in its wake not only physical casualties but psychological ones as well. Among the most significant features of the war’s aftermath are numerous and well-documented cases of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite having been observed by writers, scholars, and others as early as biblical times, it was not until the emotional and psychological aftereffects suffered by Vietnam veterans became too numerous and significant to ignore that medicine, psychology, and the U.S. military undertook serious study of the disorder. David Rose, himself a veteran, shares his personal PTSD journey, having been diagnosed some 45 years after his return from Vietnam. David’s story and poetry paint a picture that is both deeply personal and yet all too common among veterans of military conflict. Through David’s story, we explore the questions of what PTSD is and how it has been addressed by the military as well as those charged with providing treatment. Also explored is the concept of moral injury and the ethical implications of exposing service members to circumstances, which inevitably bear psychological consequences.
Outcome Evaluation of a Pharmacy Benefit Management-Based Asthma Management Program
Authors: Olson Julie , Wickizer Marleen , Raschka Michael J.
Published: May 2015

Asthma is a highly prevalent, economically burdensome chronic condition. Pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) have an opportunity to minimize costs and increase guideline-based prescribing by using prescription claims data to develop and evaluate educational interventions for at-risk members and their prescribers. The objective of this outcome evaluation project was to determine if a nurse-led PBM asthma management program of mailed educational interventions were effective in improving members’ asthma medication ratios. A purposive sample of PBM members who submitted six or more claims for short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) and had a suboptimal asthma medication ratio (AMR) of less than 0.5 over a 1-year period of time was identified. Members and their prescribers received mailed information about asthma control at baseline; members received a second intervention at 6 months. Data were analyzed at 12 months post-intervention to identify changes in AMR and use of prescription claims. Repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) with a Bonferroni correction were calculated to determine mean differences. Significant improvement in AMR and reduction in SABA claims at 12 months were demonstrated in the intervention group. A mailed, educational intervention can result in a significant improvement in members’ AMR and a reduction in SABA use.
Intraoperative Implementation of a Tissue Sealant on All Lung Surgery Patients: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Cain Stephanie , Anderson Richard , Stockert Patricia , Brown Suzanne , Blood-Siegfried Jane
Published: May 2015

More than 200,000 patients undergo pulmonary surgery annually. Air leaks after pulmonary surgery are a common complication and represent a substantial clinical problem. Air leaks can increase chest tube time, increase pain, reduce mobility, and increase hospital length of stay. The application of a synthetic surgical lung sealant (SLS) to lung surfaces during surgery in patients at risk for an air leak has been advocated to reduce these complications.

The aim of the project was to reduce or eliminate air leaks, decrease chest tube time, and decrease length of stay by applying an FDA-approved tissue sealant during all pulmonary surgeries. The population of focus were adult pulmonary surgery patients undergoing pulmonary surgery.

Data were collected on 146 patients: 72 patients the year prior to the intervention and 74 the year after implementation of the intervention. The incidence of air leak was significantly lower; the number of comorbidities was statistically higher in the group following implementation. There were, however, no significant differences in chest tube duration and length of hospital stay. The use of lung sealant on all patients undergoing pulmonary surgery had a positive outcome without any adverse effects and is now standard of practice.
The Doctor of Nursing Practice-Prepared Clinical Expert
Authors: Paul Fiona
Published: May 2015

The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) degree offers an alternative to research-focused curricula for nurses seeking a terminal degree with a focus on advanced clinical practice and leadership. The number of DNP programs and graduates has been growing since the onset of this degree. Some health care organizations have struggled with the best way to incorporate the advanced skills of the DNP graduates into their practice. This article reflects on the author’s experience as a DNP-educated advanced practice registered nurse in a tertiary pediatric hospital. A case study is presented to demonstrate how the DNP education has impacted the level of clinical practice.
The Challenge of Comprehensive Care
Authors: Bucher Dawn
Published: May 2015

Adults are living longer with multiple chronic conditions. There are many challenges to providing comprehensive care to patients around the country in today’s system. This article, although personal, discusses some challenges seen by the writer but witnessed by many. It also looks at some challenges nurse practitioners have when practicing in multiple states across the country. Lastly, I offer my opinion on certification as a Diplomate of Comprehensive Care for all Doctor of Nursing Practice clinicians who provide comprehensive care in independent practice settings. It is time to provide safe, quality, comprehensive care to our patients in a reputable health care system.
Doctor of Nursing Practice: Australia
Authors: Scanlon Andrew
Published: May 2015

This article explores the applicability of the Doctor of Nursing Practice degree from the Australian nurse practitioner (NP) perspective. NPs have been endorsed to practice in Australia for more than 13 years in many diverse roles requiring education beyond that of the current master’s level. However, there is little formal university training beyond this level. Current regulatory requirements, clinical practice settings, and the small number of NPs practicing do not provide the impetus to expand NP education requirements at this time.
Maxillary Sinus Membrane Repair With Amnion–Chorion Barriers: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Holtzclaw Dan
Published: May 2015

Background: Schneiderian membrane perforation is the most common complication of maxillary sinus augmentation procedures and has been associated with a variety of post‐surgical problems. Multiple techniques to repair perforated Schneiderian membranes with materials such as connective tissue, buccal fat pads, and resorbable collagen membranes have been reported in the dental literature. Although these reparative options have proven successful, they are technique sensitive and time consuming. The aim of this case series is to present a simplified method of Schneiderian membrane perforation repair with amnion–chorion membranes and results obtained from nine cases using this technique.

Methods: A consecutive retrospective record review was performed of all maxillary sinus augmentation cases performed during the past 5 years by the same board‐certified private practice periodontist (DH).

Results: Seventy‐seven cases were identified, with a total of 104 sinus augmentations, in which nine perforations were noted. None of the perforation cases were aborted midprocedure, and all perforations were repaired with amnion–chorion membranes. All cases were augmented with a combination of allograft and xenograft particulate bone. After an average healing time of 4.9 months, dental implants were placed in the grafted sinuses.

Conclusions: This retrospective case series shows nine perforations during 104 lateral window maxillary sinus augmentation procedures. A total of 23 dental implants were placed in the augmented sinuses with perforated Schneiderian membranes, and one failure was noted according the Albrektsson success criteria. A total of 158 dental implants were placed in non‐perforated augmented sinuses, with a total of three failures noted.
Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) Performance Improvement by Implementation of Extreme Performance Motor Technology in Caño Limon Field
Authors: Pino J. Del , Martin J. L. , Gomez S.. , Gonzalez A.. , Paz O.. , Izquierdo S.. , Sarkis N..
Published: May 2015

Caño Limon is a giant field with more than 30 years of history in which the primary method of artificial lift has been electrical submersible pumps (ESP). As of December 2006 there were 304 wells with ESP installed, mostly characterized by applications with high water cut and considerable production of solids. Unstable conditions of operation and high vibration on the downhole equipment posed a challenge, mainly in high flow rates (> 15,000 BFPD) and high-horse power (> 800HP) applications. Premature wear on the motor's radial support elements as a consequence of high loads, resulted in premature failures of the system, thus impacting field performance indicators and increasing the lifting cost.

An interdisciplinary team was formed among staff of the operator and the service company to evaluate the performance of the equipment and the root cause of the failures. These activities identified the main failed components and failure modes, enabling the proposal of a technological solution to the problem.

This article describes the process through which the problem was identified, analyzed, and then solved through the implementation of a superior motor technology, which proved to be an effective answer to the problems observed in high horsepower equipment. The results promoted the use of this technology in low horsepower equipment as well, thereby reducing the number of failure incidents of this component by 50% in the years following the implementation.
Removal of Organic and Inorganic Scale from Electric Submersible Pumps
Authors: Ramones M , Rachid R.. , Flor D.. , Gutierrez L.. , Milne A..
Published: May 2015

There are a number of fields that produce heavy crude. In some of these fields, the run life of electrical submersible pumps (ESP) is greatly reduced by organic and inorganic deposits. This results in lost production and in many cases, additional time and cost to pull and repair the ESPs. A study showed that the problem of organic-paraffin deposits is related to the crude oil cooling and the volatile/lighter fractions separating near to the pump intake, plugging the pump. In the case of wells with a high water cut, inorganic scaling occurs in the pump intake, mainly due to the pressure drop in the wellbore. It was also noted that paraffin did not precipitate in wells with a high water cut because there was less cooling of the fluid in the in the wellbore due to the higher thermal capacity of water. The organic deposits can be removed by displacing jet fuel through the pump, while the continuous injection of jet fuel or high concentrations of paraffin inhibitors is an effective solution to preventing paraffin deposits. However, attempts made to dissolve inorganic scale are usually unsuccessful due to heavy crude adhering to the surface of the scale, preventing solvents such as xylene to contact the scale, even with the addition of mutual solvents.

More recent work with crude oil viscosity reducers has shown that both inorganic and organic scale deposits can be successfully removed by spotting/jetting with coiled tubing without the need of a workover (WO) rig. When a treating fluid containing the viscosity reducer is mixed with highly viscous crudes, it creates a water-external pseudo-emulsion, which decreases the apparent viscosity of the crude by several orders of magnitudes, removing over 60% of the heavy crude from the surface of the scale and accelerating the dissolution of organic deposits. This enables the chemical treatment to dissolve the inorganic deposits, allowing the pump to be restarted without the need to pull out the completion. The new fluid systems have made it possible to systematically remove organic and inorganic deposits from ESPs, extending the average run life from 40 to 140 days, and to eliminate the requirement for WO rigs, with an average rig cost saving of 6 days per well and an average saving of USD 1.5 million in deferred production.
An Experimental Assessment of the Fluid Dynamics of Gas Lift Mandrels
Authors: Suarez A. M. , Rempto M. J. , Loureiro J. B. , Freire A. P.
Published: May 2015

The present work studies the influence of the orientation of single and two-phase injection nozzles on the flow properties. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate single phase liquid injection in counter-current (negative angle), orthogonal and co-current (positive angle) flow configurations. The two-phase flow problem is studied experimentally. The data show that, for all gas and liquid flow rates, the combined effects of all three components of pressure drop provoke the highest total pressure drop in the counter-current flow configuration. Turbulence losses are shown to be the dominant effect in the two-phase problem.
Marginal Wells Inside Brownfields a High Profitability Business
Authors: Bertomeu Fernando , Hirschfeldt Marcelo , Delgado Pablo , Lobato-Barradas Gerardo
Published: May 2015

There are many mature fields in Latin America. Beyond the definition of maturity applied, the common factor to all of them is that surface facilities and field operation have been running for many years. This is one advantage to generate profits.

However, operations are governed by old practices for defining profitability of wells and in some cases do are not specifically developed or evaluated for these wells, therefore, underestimate the economic return generated.

Another characteristic of these fields is the dispersion of production per well. Production may vary from very low to moderate on a mature field. It is also known that in order to optimize equipment some resources such as surface artificial lift equipment is moved from low production wells to higher production wells.

The big losers of these practices are wells that have low but stable production. Those big losers should be a marginal benefit to the ongoing production system.

This paper presents the benefits of applying alternative technologies to return to production low production wells in fields with available gathering system. This work also makes a significant contribution to identify profitability potential in low production wells and recommends management models for implementing, surveillance and maintaining low rate active wells.

It is also necessary to define the optimization processes for these wells because most companies do not have staff available to address these designs of low productivity. This profitability approach allows to redirect resources, including human resources to increase benefit.