bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rocket stove as a proposal of experimental practice for the teaching of Physics
Authors: Silva Rafael Leal da
Published: July 2020

Experimental practices enable students to an environment in which learning occurs interactively, thus giving them the opportunity to create hypotheses and test them in an environment where the teacher is the mediator in the teaching-learning process. Due to the low supply of laboratories equipped in some locations, it is necessary to resort to alternatives, especially those with low cost and sustainable proposals. This article presents qualitative results as well as a proposal for the teaching of thermodynamic topics using as a didactic object the rocket stove, which has been studied worldwide for being less polluting and more energy efficient than stoves that use biomass available for economically vulnerable regions of the world. Because it is a common theme for most of the students involved, in the activity proposed in this article the rocket stove, besides facilitating the teaching of physics concepts, allowed a discussion about sustainability in the context of the experimental class. The experimental practice was made within the proposal of the divergent laboratory, because in this type of environment, the student has more freedom to be the main promoter of their learning process, besides allowing an interactive participation between groups. A quantitative proposal based on the studies of Okonkwo et al (2017) is also presented in this article for a more advanced physics class. In general, after the performance and during the experiment, the students’ excitement about the way they were learning physics was notorious, for going beyond the traditional rigid methodology of theoretical classes.
Carboxiterapia, laser de baixa intensidade e endermologia, associadas no tratamento de estrias
Authors: Souza Arlindo De , Silva Teresa Cristina De Souza
Published: July 2020

A presente proposta tem como escopo principal refletir acerca dos efeitos do tratamento da estria a partir de terapias combinadas de Endermologia, Laser de Baixa Potência e Carboxiterapia, de forma a verificar se há a reparação do tecido e melhora da aparência estética da área afetada. A etiologia básica da estria é, ainda hoje, desconhecida. Todavia, dentre os aspectos causais em potencial, sabe-se que o fator endocrinológico é o que mais predomina. Define-se a estria como uma atrofia tegumentar que é adquirida. Dentre as consequências, há o adelgaçamento, o pragueamento, a secura e uma menor elasticidade da pele, bem como rarefação dos pelos. Apresenta-se, no início, rubras e, tardiamente, esbranquiçadas. A estria acomete tanto homens quanto mulheres, contudo, o público feminino é afetado cerca de 2,5 mais do que o masculino. No caso das adolescentes mulheres, manifesta-se entre os doze e quatorze anos, e, no caso dos homens, na faixa etária dos doze aos quinze anos. Em obesos, gestantes e pessoas que fazem uso de esteroides as estrias são frequentes. O estudo leva a concluir que a combinação dessas Terapias proporciona um resultado muito satisfatório no tratamento das estrias.
REFLEKTIF EXPERIENCE PARENTING LEARNING (REPIL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN CARA PENGASUHAN DAN KARAKTER ANAK PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI DESA PARAKAN JAYA, KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Wildani Muhamad Rifqi , Wahyuni Tri , Damayanti Andriyani
Published: July 2020

Dengan tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, dan angka pengangguran yang tinggi menjadi rawan akan pemasalahan sosial dan ekonomi. Permasalahan ini menjadi masalah yang perlu penyelesaian secara bersama. Baik lembaga mikro sosial masyarakat yaitu keluarga, pemerintahan dan juga anggota masyarakat. Cara pengasuhan dan lingkungan turut memberikan andil dalam menumbuh kembangkan karakter anak. Anak-anak dalam masa pengasuhan orangtua seyogyanya dapat tumbuh berkembang memiliki karakter yang baik. Begitu pula orangtua dengan pengalaman yang dimiliki dapat melakukan pengasuhan kepada anak mereka. Namun terkadang apa yang dilakukan bukan berdasarkan atas pengetahuan akan tetapi lebih kepada pengalaman yang turun temurun dari orangtuanya. Beruntung jika cara-cara yang dilakukan itu positif dan membangun.
EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA APLIKATIF DALAM PEMBELAJARAN AKSARA “KA GA NGA” SEBAGAI UPAYA MELESTARIKAN KEARIFAN LOKAL SUKU REJANG BENGKULU UTARA
Authors: . Pahlawan , Prabowo Sutejo , Mudzofar Muhammad , R Akbar Marfu’ Alam
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas penggunaan media aplikatif pada pembelajaran aksara Rejang “Ka Ga Nga” dan sebagai upaya pelestarian kearifan lokal aksara dari Suku Rejang di Kabupaten Bengkulu agar dikenal oleh masyarakat luas. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi karena pembelajaran aksara Rejang “Ka Ga Nga” masih dianggap sulit, dan dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah masih konvensional yaitu focus dengan buku. Guru tidak menggunakan media pembelajaran sehingga “Ka Ga Nga” menjadi pembelajaran yang membosankan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Action Research. Memiliki tahapan yaitu: (1) identifikasi masalah, (2) analisis masalah beserta faktor penyebabnya, (3) formulasi pemecahan, (4) pencarian data pendukung, (5) formulasi aksi, dan (6) evaluasi. Diharapkan melalui penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajran aksara Rejang “Ka Ga Nga” khususnya di Sekolah Dasar Bengkulu Utara. Luaran dari PKM-P SH ini adalah berupa buku panduan pembelajaran dan publikasi ilmiah berbentuk artikel.
Simultaneous Shape and Size Optimization of Double-layer Grids with Nonlinear Behavior
Authors: Kaveh Ali , Moradveisi Mehran
Published: July 2020

The main aim of this paper is to present a new solution for simultaneous shape and size optimization of double-layer grids. In order to find the optimum design, Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization method is applied to the optimum design of the most common examples of double-layer grids, while both material and geometrical nonlinearity are taken into account. The small and big sizes of span length are considered for each type of square grids. The algorithm gets the minimum weight grid by finding the best nodal location in z-direction (height of the structure) and the suitable selection from the list of tube sections available in American Institute of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design, simultaneously. All examples are optimized with strength and displacement constraints. The numerical results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the presented method for solving real-world practical double-layer grids.
Content of all issues published in PRNANO. Updated: September 28, 2022
Authors: Balogh Lajos
Published: July 2020

Please, click article DOI-s to read, view, and/or download the full articles published in completed issues of PRNANO. For more details see the individual issues at https://precisionnanomedicine.com/issues (https://precisionnanomedicine.com/issues)
ІТ-ПОСЛУГА ЯК ЕКОНОМІЧНА КАТЕГОРІЯ
Authors: Мацук З. А.
Published: July 2020

У наукових фахових виданнях недостатньо уваги приділено дослідженню ІТ-послуги як економічної категорії. Це формує неправильне її трактування у практичній площині та обумовлює проблеми неефективної побудови системи управління фінансами в ІТ- компаніях. Автором запропоновано розглядати ІТ-послугу як ІТ-продукт, результат людської діяльності, який продається та купується на ринку; розмежовано поняття ІТ-продукт, ІТ-послуга та ІТ-товар. Встановлено, що первинним поняттям є ІТ- продукт, тобто результат діяльності розробника чи сукупності розробників, який конкретизується у ІТ-послузі, яка є ІТ-товаром, якщо вона виробляється для продажу, і цей продаж стає економічною діяльністю ІТ-компанії. Виділено та досліджено споживчу та мінову вартості ІТ-послуги. Споживча вартість виражається через усвідомлення споживачем корисності ІТ-послуги, її здатність забезпечувати можливість реалізації діджитал-інтересів споживача. Мінова вартість ІТ-послуги характеризується обсягом фінансових ресурсів та є платою споживача за можливість цифровізувати власні бізнес- процеси. У межах мінової вартості виділено тариф фінансової винагороди, що містить три взаємопов’язані складові: собівартість, операційні витрати та маржинальний прибуток.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЙНІ ТРЕНДИ В СИСТЕМІ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ І ПЕНСІЙНИХ ФОНДІВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Коваленко Ю. М. , Коваленко І. І.
Published: July 2020

У статті досліджено специфічні особливості етапів становлення та розвитку системи інститутів спільного інвестування (далі – ІСІ) та недержавних пенсійних фондів (далі – НПФ) в Україні. Виокремлено такі етапи розвитку ІСІ та НПФ: 1) формування ринкових механізмів торгівлі цінними паперами; 2) формування ринково зорієнтованої взаємодії учасників ринку цінних паперів; 3) формування інноваційно активної взаємодії учасників ринку цінних паперів; 4) забезпечення фінансової безпеки. Виявлено основні системні проблеми у діяльності ІСІ та НПФ. Запропоновано напрями активізації діяльності вітчизняних інвестиційних і пенсійних фондів.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КРЕДИТНО- ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ НА ФІНАНСОВОМУ РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Лаговський В. В. , Долінський Л. Б. , Корчинський В. В.
Published: July 2020

У статті розглянуто питання взаємозв’язку інвестиційної та кредитної діяльності, визначено рівнозначність відносин «емітент – інвестор» та «позичальник – кредитор». Зазначена важливість статистичного аналізу кредитно-інвестиційної діяльності для забезпечення сталого розвитку економіки та покращення інвестиційного клімату. У результаті проведеного дослідження визначено «банкоцентричність» фінансового сектору, розглянуто основні проблеми, що притаманні сучасному фінансовому ринку та перешкоджають сталому розвитку економіки в цілому і фінансовому ринку зокрема, в тому числі визначено причини гальмування розвитку кредитно-інвестиційної діяльності та сповільнення темпів зростання активів банківської системи. На основі даних НБУ, НКЦПФР та Фінмоніторингу України проведено детальний статистичний аналіз ряду показників, що характеризують динаміку економічного розвитку і розвитку фінансового сектору. З використанням методів статистичного та графічного аналізу визначено взаємозв’язок між цими показниками. Проведено кореляційних аналіз цих показників і визначено істотну кореляційну залежність між ними. З урахуванням отриманих у результаті дослідження результатів зроблено висновок про важливість дослідження питання управління ризиком боргових інструментів у межах комплексної системи ризик- менеджменту фінансових установ.
The Effectiveness Implementation of Package Payment System (INA-CBGs) at Inpatient Installation of RSUD Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh
Authors: Herianti Herianti , Usman Said , Saputra Irwan , Rahman Safrizal , Marthonies Marthonies
Published: July 2020

Regional General Hospital Dr. Zainoel Abidin (RSUDZA) is one of the public service installations that provide direct health services to the community, especially outpatient and inpatient services. RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin has implemented a package payment system (INA-CBGs) since January 2014. One of the management elements of implementing this system is planning. Planning (planning) is a process that is very important of all other management functions, which specifically includes the actions to be carried out in order to achieve goals. This study uses a mixed method that uses a combination of descriptive quantitative research and qualitative research with a phenomenological approach through in-depth interviews with informants (in-depth interview). The data used to assess the effectiveness of implementing package payment systems (INA-CBGs) is secondary data taken from hospital medical records. The statistical results assess the frequency distribution by comparing the effectiveness before and after the implementation of the package payment system (INA-CBGs) at RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. The results showed the INA-CBG system was more effective than the Fee for Service (FFS) payment system. The results of this study indicate an increase in efficiency based on service indicators before / after the application of the INA-CBG system, namely (BOR: 75% / 72%, AvLOS: 5 days / 4 days, TOI: 2 days / 1 day, BTO: 46 times / 58 times, GDR: 6 per 1000 patients with discharge / 27 per 1000 patients with discharge, and NDR: 8 per 1000/21 per 1000). It can be concluded that the planning process (planning) of the implementation of the package payment system (INA-CBGs) which has been implemented well by the RSUD Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh, including the provision of adequate Human Resources (HR), provision of adequate facilities (infrastructure and facilities), the process of formulating and forming strategies and the process of preparing the budget. The implication of implementing this system has been to be able to increase the efficiency of hospital service performance.
Work Motivation and Satisfaction and Its Impact on Lecturer Performance
Authors: Hanafiah Hanafiah , Nasrun Nasrun , Restu Restu
Published: July 2020

The performance of lecturers in a university is measured through Tri Darma namely education, research, and community service. This research is a quantitative study using regression analysis. The research sample was 186 lecturers at Samudra Langsa University determined using tablesKrejcie. The questionnaire is a data collection tool used in this study. Data analysis using EViews.10 The results showed that partially; (1) work motivation (X1) influences lecturer performance; (2) job satisfaction has an effect onlecturer performance; and simultaneously obtained that; (3) work motivation and job satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance. The magnitude of the contribution of independent variables to the dependent variable is 27.86% and the rest 72.14% is influenced by variables not observed in this study. So it can be concluded thatfor one of the efforts that can be done to improve the performance of lecturers at Samudra Langsa University is to increase the motivation and job satisfaction of lecturers.
KISITLAMA VE VASİ ATAMA KARARI İLANININ ALENİYETİ SAĞLAMA FONKSİYONU VE İLAN NEDENİYLE KİŞİLİK HAKLARININ İHLAL EDİLİP EDİLMEDİĞİ SORUNU
Authors: BAYRAMOĞLU Necati Şükrü
Published: July 2020

Kısıtlama, fiil ehliyetinin sınırlandırılmasıdır. Kısıtlama, bu yönüyle kişi özgürlüğüne doğrudan bir müdahale olduğu için ancak kanunda sınırlı bir şekilde sayılan sebeplere dayanılarak bir mahkeme kararı ile gerçekleşebilir. Önemli sonuçları sebebiyle genel usul hükümlerinin yanısıra kısıtlama yargılamasına ilişkin bazı özel kurallara bizzat Medeni Kanun’da yer verilmiştir. Kısıtlama kararı kesinleştikten sonra derhal kısıtlının yerleşim yeri ve nüfusa kayıtlı olduğu yerde ilan edilmektedir. İlan, kısıtlı kişiyle hukuki ilişkiye giren üçüncü kişilerin iyiniyetini bertaraf eder. İlanın amacı işlem güvenliğini sağlamaktır. Bunun için kısıtlamanın herkese duyurulması, tüm toplumca bilinir olması hedeflenmektedir. İlanla birlikte kişinin kısıtlanmış olduğu, toplumda herkes tarafından bilinebilir hale gelmektedir. Bu durum kişinin özel alanını, onur ve saygınlığını ihlal etmektedir. Kişilik haklarını ve kişisel verileri koruma amacı ile işlem güvenliğini sağlama amacı ölçülü bir şekilde bağdaştırılmalıdır. Kısıtlanan kişiyle hukuki işlem kurabilecek kişi sayısı dikkate alındığında kararın ilan edilmesi, işlem güvenliğini sağlamak için yapılan ölçüsüz bir düzenlemedir. Bu düzenleme, kişilik haklarının ve kişisel verilerin korunması prensibini tamamen göz ardı etmektedir. Kişilik haklarının ve kişisel verilerin korunması prensibini dikkate alan İsviçre kanun koyucusu vesayet sistemini tamamen değiştirmiş ve fiil ehliyetinin sınırlanmasına yönelik kararların ilan edilmeyeceğini, bunun yerine ilgisini inanılır kılan kimsenin ilgili kurumdan söz konusu kişinin ehliyeti hakkında bilgi talep edebilmesine yönelik bir düzenleme getirmiştir.
YENİ BİR İDARİ FAALİYET ALANI: “VERBİS” (VERİ SORUMLULARI SİCİL BİLGİ SİSTEMİ)
Authors: YILMAZ Dilşat
Published: July 2020

Kişisel verilerin korunması konusu, evrensel alandaki eğilime paralel olarak, Türk hukuk sistemi içerisinde de tüm hukuk alanlarının en güncel konularından bir tanesi haline gelmiştir. Konunun uluslararası alanda yaklaşık yarım asır önce başlayan hikâyesi, teknolojik gelişmeler ve bilişim sistemleri alanındaki ilerlemeler ile daha da önemli bir hale gelmiştir. Kişisel verilerin korunması konusunun giderek artan önemi, korumanın konusu olan verilerin niteliği ile açıklanabilir. Bu sebeple uluslararası platformda ve pek çok ülkede konuya ilişkin özel nitelikli düzenlemeler yıllardır gündemdeki yerini korurken, 6698 sayılı Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Kanunu ülkemiz bakımından da uluslararası nitelikteki temel düzenlemeleri dikkate almak suretiyle, kişisel verilerin korunması konusunda çeşitli ilkeler getirmiş ve birtakım yöntemler öngörmüştür. Bahsi geçen yöntemlerden bir tanesi de, veri işleme konusunu daha şeffaf, hesap verebilir hale getirmek ve veri sahiplerinin haklarını koruyabilmek açısından, Kişisel Verileri Koruma Kurumu nezdinde veri sorumluları sicili tutulmaya başlanmasıdır. Bu makalede, veri sorumluları sicil bilgi sisteminin veri sahiplerinin haklarını koruma fonksiyonu ve sicil tutma faaliyetinin idare hukuku kurumları bağlamında anlamı- yargı kararlarından yararlanılmak suretiyle- konusunda bilgi verilmeye çalışılacaktır.
KÜRESEL İDARE HUKUKU VE LEX SPORTIVA BAĞLAMINDA WADA’NIN RUSYA’YI OLİMPİYATLARDAN MEN ETMESİ KARARI
Authors: GÜNEYSU Gökhan , YILMAZ Nazlı
Published: July 2020

Küresel idare hukuku kavramı, uluslararası literatürde son yıllarda ortaya çıkan popüler kavramlardan olmasına rağmen Türkiye’de bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar bir elin parmaklarını geçmemektedir. Uluslararası literatürde bu kavram, klasik uluslararası hukuk tanımının dışında daha geniş bir alanı tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu konuda pek çok tartışma olmasına rağmen fikir birliği oluşmuş değildir. Bu kavramın kullanılması gerektiğini savunan yazarlar yanında, bu kavramın ifade ettiği alanın aslında uluslararası hukuk kavramı içinde yer alması gerektiğini savunan yazarlar da bulunmaktadır. Küresel idare hukukunu yeni bir alan olarak kabul edersek ideal uygulama alanlarından biri spor hukuku alanıdır. Bu alanda uluslararası otorite olan Uluslararası Olimpiyat Komitesi (IOC) ve doping konusunda Dünya Anti-Doping Ajansı (WADA) aldığı kararlar bakımından idare hukuku gibi hareket etmekte ve küresel idare hukuku tanımlarına uymaktadır. WADA’nın 2019 tarihinde Rusya hakkında verdiği karar bunlardan biridir. Alınan kararla spor alanındaki tüm müsabakalardan dört yıl boyunca men edilmişlerdir. Bu makale kapsamında anılan karar ile WADA kararlarının niteliği ve küresel idare hukuku kavramı incelenecektir.
VERGİ USUL KANUNU KARŞISINDA DEFTER-BEYAN SİSTEMİ’NİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: SARICALAR Şeyma
Published: July 2020

Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte vergilendirmeye ilişkin işlemler elektronik ortam üzerinden yürütülmeye başlanmıştır. Hem vergi inceleme elemanları hem de mükellefler açısından pratik bir uygulama olan elektronik defter uygulamaları gün geçtikçe yaygınlaşmaktadır. Elektronik defter uygulamalarından biri ise Defter-Beyan Sistemi’dir. Defter-Beyan Sistemi, 2018 yılı itibarıyla bazı mükellefler tarafından zorunlu olarak kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Tebliğ ile getirilen bir uygulama olan Defter-Beyan Sistemi üzerinden defterlere ilişkin ödevler, beyanname verme ve bildirimde bulunma yükümlülükleri yerine getirilmektedir. Yeni bir sistem olması nedeniyle bazı hususların ayrıca incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Öncelikle Defter-Beyan Sistemi’ne ilişkin hükümler yalnızca ilgili tebliğlerde yer almakta, vergi kanunlarında bir düzenleme bulunmamaktadır. Bir diğer husus ise, Defter-Beyan Sistemi’nin Vergi Usul Kanunu’nda düzenlenen ödevlere ilişkin hükümlere olan etkisidir.
Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızda öncelikle Defter Beyan Sistemi’yle ilgili tebliğ maddelerine yer verilecektir. Sistemi kullanmak zorunda olan mükellefler, Sistem’e ilişkin esaslar ve son olarak aykırılık neticesinde uygulanacak ceza ve sorumluluk hükümleri incelenecektir. Sonrasında ise Defter Beyan Sistemi’nin Vergi Usul Kanunu hükümleri üzerindeki etkisi çeşitli konular bakımından ele alınacaktır.
Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızda öncelikle Defter Beyan Sistemiyle ilgili tebliğ maddelerine yer verilecektir. Sistemi kullanmak zorunda olan mükellefler, Sisteme ilişkin esaslar ve son olarak aykırılık neticesinde uygulanacak ceza ve sorumluluk hükümleri incelenecektir. Sonrasında ise Defter Beyan Sisteminin Vergi Usul Kanunu hükümleri üzerindeki etkisi farklı konular bakımından ele alınacaktır.
İNŞAAT SÖZLEŞMELERİNDE TARAFLARIN İŞ BİRLİĞİ EYLEMLERİ
Authors: ALDEMİR TOPRAK İpek Betül
Published: July 2020

İnşaat sözleşmesi, uygulamada birden fazla türe sahiptir. Bunlar basit bir eserin imalinden, karmaşık bir tesisin inşasına kadar uzanır. İş sahibi, bu sözleşmelerde ücret ödeyebilir, mülkiyet hakkını devredebilir veya gelir paylaşabilir. Ancak bütün bu inşaat sözleşmesi türleri için ortak olan özellik, iş sahibinin edimi karşılığında yüklenicinin, bir eser inşa etmesidir. Aynı zamanda bir eserin sözleşmede kararlaştırıldığı şekilde inşası için tarafların ifa süresince birlikte çalışması gerekir. İş birliği yapmaktan kaçınma, diğer tarafın edimini zamanında yerine getirmesine engel olabilir. Eserin ayıplı veya inşasının imkânsız olması mümkündür. İnşaat sözleşmesinde tarafların yerine getirecekleri iş birliği eylemleri, hukukumuzda yasal bir düzenlemeye sahip değildir. Bu sebeple, iş birliği eylemlerinin hukukî niteliği hakkında özel bir hüküm bulunmamaktadır. Dolayısıyla, iş birliği eylemlerine aykırılık halinde uygulanacak kurallar belirlenmelidir. Çalışmada, iş birliği eylemlerinin hukukî niteliği ve bu eylemlere uygulanacak hükümler belirlenmiştir. Bu belirlemede, yer yer Alman ve İsviçre Hukukunda yer alan görüşlere ve yasal düzenlemelere yer verilmiştir. İş birliği eylemleri, tüm inşaat sözleşmelerinde bulunmaktadır. Ancak tarafların, hangi iş birliği eylemlerini yerine getirmek zorunda oldukları, her bir sözleşmenin özelliklerine göre farklılık arz eder. Buna rağmen, tarafların sahip oldukları iş birliği eylemlerinin başlıcaları, çalışmamızda yer almaktadır. Bu iş birliği eylemleri, sözleşme, doktrin, mahkeme kararları veya çeşitli yasal düzenlemeler aracılığıyla belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır
‘TÜRK UZAY OPERASYONLARINA İLİŞKİN KANUN’UN HAZIRLANMASI KONUSUNDA ÖNERİLER
Authors: ÇAKIR Tuğrul
Published: July 2020

Devletler uzaydaki ulusal faaliyetlerinden dolayı Uzay Anlaşması'nın VI. maddesi hükmünce ve aynı anlaşmanın VII. maddesi ve Sorumluluk Sözleşmesi'ne uygun olarak uzay araçlarının vermiş olduğu zararlardan dolayı sorumluluk taşımaktadır. Uzaydaki özel faaliyetler Devletler tarafından izne ve devamlı takip koşuluna uyulduğu müddetçe serbest bırakılmıştır. Uzay alanındaki özel kişilerin yükselişi hem ekonomik hem de stratejik anlamda büyük rol oynayan iç hukuk düzenlemelerinin sayısının çoğalmasının altında yatmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Devletler’in nasıl bir şekilde iç hukuklarında düzenleme yapmaları gerektiği konusunda bir yükümlülük bulunmamaktadır. Ancak, kanun şeklinde yapılan bir iç düzenleme hukuk politikalarının daha açık ve rekabetçi bir şekilde ortaya konmasını sağlamaktadır.Bu bağlamda, uzay teknolojilerinin gelişmesi ve uzay pazarının globalleşmesiyle, Türkiye'nin deuzay operasyonlarına ilişkin kanun çıkarması bir gereklilik halini almıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı uzay hukukunun bu yönde Türkiye'de gelişimini sağlamak maksadıyla birtakım önerilerde bulunmaktır. Bu kapsamda, karşılaştırmalı bir yaklaşım izlenecektir. Diğer ülkelerin deneyimleri bizim için yol gösterici olacaktır.
PANDEMİK TEHDİT KARŞISINDA SAĞLIK HAKKININ SOSYO-LEGAL DİNAMİĞİ
Authors: KILIÇ Muharrem
Published: July 2020

Dünyada milyonlarca insanı tesiri altına alan Covid-19 pandemisi küresel bir tehlikeye dönüşerek hem bireysel hem de sosyal yaşamın tüm alanlarında köklü düşünsel dönüşümleri icbar eden yeni bir durum yaratmıştır. Küreselleşen modern dünyanın bütün sosyo-ekonomik ve sosyo-politik dinamiklerinde dönüşüme yol açan bu ‘kriz hali’, kurumsal düzeyde hukuki, siyasi ve iktisadi yapısal kırılmalara zemin hazırlamış, bu kriz ile mücadele kapasitesi olarak ‘yeni bir kamusal aklın’ icadı noktasında derin bir düşünümselliğe kapı aralamıştır. Pandemi riskinin kendinde icbâriliği ile tevessül edilen ‘istisnâi yönetim’ usulleri ve bunun post-pandemik dönem için yönetsel rutine dönüşme olasılığı, bu gündemi kamusal entelektüelliğin tartışma zeminine taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmaya konu edindiğimiz, sosyal haklar kapsamında tasnif edilen sağlık hakkı, tüm yönleriyle pandemi ile mücadelenin merkezi unsurunu teşkil ettiğinden, ufukta beliren düşünümselliğin önemli bir konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu bağlamsal çerçevede burada, modern insan hakları öğretisi ve uygulamasına egemen olan birinci kuşak haklar kataloğunun muhkem çerçevesinin dışında varlık mücadelesini sürdüren ikinci kuşak haklar olarak tanımlanan ‘ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel haklar’ kapsamında yer alan sağlık hakkını sosyo-legal dinamiği açısından konu edilecektir.
Propriedades termofísicas da polpa de seriguela em diferentes estádios de maturação
Authors: Silva Lucas Rodolfo Inácio da , Pereira Tamires dos Santos , Silva Virgínia Mirtes de Alcântara , Da Silva Gabriel Monteiro , Luiz Márcia Ramos , Santos Newton Carlos , Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , Ribeiro Victor Herbert de Alcântara , Muniz Cecília Elisa de Sousa , Eduardo Raphael da Silva , Silva Rebeca de Almeida
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho dispõe avaliar as propriedades termofísicas da polpa da seriguela (Spondias purpúrea L.) em diferentes estádios de maturação através de correlações teóricas. As seriguelas foram classificadas quanto ao seu estádio e maturação, foi realizado o despolpamento manual, sendo utilizado nos experimentos a casca e polpa e o caroço foi descartado.  Nas amostras foram determinados o teor de água, teores de sólidos totais e solúveis totais, e através de correlações teóricas se determinou a massa específica, condutividade térmica e calor específico.  É notório o aumento do teor de sólidos solúveis totais nos frutos quando se teve avanço do estádio de maturação, variando de 11,03 a 18,93 °Brix. O teor de água, sólidos totais e sólidos solúveis totais da polpa de seriguela obteve diferença significativa para os cinco diferentes estádios de maturação. As propriedades termofísicas como as massas específicas teóricas sofreram influência dos estádios de maturação e das temperaturas, enquanto que a condutividade térmica reduziu com aumento do estádio de maturação de 0,662 para 0,628 W/m °C. O calor específico apresentou redução quando se teve aumento do estádio I para V, ou seja de 3,86 para 3,64 kJ/kg °C, respectivamente.
Strain Assessment of Deep Fascia of the Thigh During Leg Movement: An in situ Study
Authors: Sednieva Yuliia , Viste Anthony , Naaim Alexandre , Bruyère-Garnier Karine , Gras Laure-Lise
Published: July 2020

Fascia is a fibrous connective tissue present all over the body. At the lower limb level, the deep fascia that is overlying muscles of the outer thigh and sheathing them (fascia lata) is involved in various pathologies. However, the understanding and quantification of the mechanisms involved in these sheathing effects are still unclear. The aim of this study is to observe and quantify the strain field of the fascia lata, including the iliotibial tract (ITT), during a passive movement of the knee. Three fresh postmortem human subjects were studied. To measure hip and knee angles during knee flexion-extension, passive movements from 0° to around 120° were recorded with a motion analysis system and strain fields of the fascia were acquired using digital image correlation. Strains were computed for three areas of the fascia lata: anterior fascia, lateral fascia, and ITT. Mean principal strains showed different strain mechanisms depending on location on the fascia and knee angle. For the ITT, two strain mechanisms were observed depending on knee movement: compression is observed when the knee is extended relative to the reference position of 47°, however, tension and pure shear can be observed when the knee is flexed. For the anterior and lateral fascia, in most cases, minor strain is higher than major strain in absolute value, suggesting high tissue compression probably due to microstructural fiber rearrangements. This in situ study is the first attempt to quantify the superficial strain field of fascia lata during passive leg movement. The study presents some limitations but provides a step in understanding strain mechanism of the fascia lata during passive knee movement.
Productive Potential of Nitrogen and Zinc Fertigated Sugarcane
Authors: Nobre Cunha Fernando , Batista Teixeira Marconi , Cabral da Silva Edson , Furtado da Silva Nelmício , Teixeira Silva Costa Cicero , Marques Vidal Vitor , Alves Morais Wilker , Nazário Silva dos Santos Leonardo , Rodrigues Cabral Filho Fernando , Karen Matias Alves Daniely , Aparecida Batista Soares Jaqueline , Fernando Gomes Luiz
Published: July 2020

The relevance of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in the agribusiness is irrefutable because it not only contributes greatly to the development of countries but is also an important source of job creation and income generation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stalk productivity (SP) and sugar and alcohol yields of plant and ratoon crops of sugarcane (variety IACSP 95-5000) under N and Zn fertigation treatments using a central pivot, in Cerrado Red Latosol soil. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, in the municipality of Jataí, Goiás (GO), Brazil. A randomized block design was used, with a 4 × 5 split-plot arrangement and three replications. The fertilization treatments consisted of four doses of N (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha−1) and five doses of Zn (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 kg ha−1) in plant and ratoon crops. N fertilization treatments, in the form of urea, were divided into three applications from 60 days after planting. Zn fertilization, in the form of Zn sulfate, was applied in a single application. Sugarcane was harvested 330 days after planting. The productivity (SP) was determined by weighing the stalks present in the respective subplots. Sugar and alcohol yields were calculated from the amount of raw sugar determined in the technological analysis. The sugar and alcohol yields of sugarcane (variety IACSP 95-5000) were improved with the fertigation of 180 kg ha−1 of N, in relation to Zn doses. Compared with the control (without N fertigation), sugarcane productivity (plant and ratoon crops) increased by 38.90% and 13.70% when treated with 180 kg ha−1 of N at the Zn dose of 10 kg ha−1. Sugarcane (variety IACSP 95-5000) has productive performance, sugar and alcohol yield, optimized and maximized when fertigated with 10 kg ha−1 of zinc and 180 kg ha−1 of nitrogen.
Characterization of Co-Formulated High-Concentration Broadly Neutralizing Anti-HIV-1 Monoclonal Antibodies for Subcutaneous Administration
Authors: Sharma Vaneet K. , Misra Bijay , McManus Kevin T. , Avula Sreenivas , Nellaiappan Kaliappanadar , Caskey Marina , Horowitz Jill , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Seaman Michael S. , Javeri Indu , Dey Antu K.
Published: July 2020

The discovery of numerous potent and broad neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein has invigorated the potential of using them as an effective preventative and therapeutic agent. The majority of the anti-HIV-1 antibodies, currently under clinical investigation, are formulated singly for intra-venous (IV) infusion. However, due to the high degree of genetic variability in the case of HIV-1, a single broad neutralizing antibody will likely not be sufficient to protect against the broad range of viral isolates. To that end, delivery of two or more co-formulated bnAbs against HIV-1 in a single subcutaneous (SC) injection is highly desired. We, therefore, co-formulated two anti-HIV bnAbs, 3BNC117-LS and 10-1074-LS, to a total concentration of 150 mg/mL for SC administration and analyzed them using a panel of analytical techniques. Chromatographic based methods, such as RP-HPLC, CEX-HPLC, SEC-HPLC, were developed to ensure separation and detection of each antibody in the co-formulated sample. In addition, we used a panel of diverse pseudoviruses to detect the functionality of individual antibodies in the co-formulation. We also used these methods to test the stability of the co-formulated antibodies and believe that such an approach can support future efforts towards the formulation and characterization of multiple high-concentration antibodies for SC delivery.
Effects of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions on Antioxidant Capacity of Sweet Tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.)
Authors: Shang Ao , Luo Min , Gan Ren-You , Xu Xiao-Yu , Xia Yu , Guo Huan , Liu Yi , Li Hua-Bin
Published: July 2020

In this study, the effects of microwave-assisted extraction conditions on antioxidant capacity of sweet tea (Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd.) were studied and the antioxidants in the extract were identified. The influences of ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio, microwave power, extraction temperature and extraction time on Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value and total phenolic content (TPC) were investigated by single-factor experiments. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the interaction of three parameters which had significant influences on antioxidant capacity including ethanol concentration, solvent-to-sample ratio and extraction time. The optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants from sweet tea were found as follows—ethanol concentration of 58.43% (v/v), solvent-to-sample ratio of 35.39:1 mL/g, extraction time of 25.26 min, extraction temperature of 50 ℃ and microwave power of 600 W. The FRAP, TEAC and TPC values of the extract under the optimal conditions were 381.29 ± 4.42 μM Fe(II)/g dry weight (DW), 613.11 ± 9.32 μM Trolox/g DW and 135.94 ± 0.52 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. In addition, the major antioxidant components in the extract were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), including phlorizin, phloretin and trilobatin. The crude extract could be used as food additives or developed into functional food for the prevention and management of oxidative stress-related diseases.
Feedback Diagram Application for the Generation and Solution of Linear Differential Equations Solvable by Quadrature
Authors: Pascone Romeo , Callahan Cathryn
Published: July 2020

A novel method for generating and providing quadrature solutions to families of linear, second-order, ordinary differential equations is presented in this paper. It is based upon a comparison of control system feedback diagrams—one representing the system and equation under study and a second equalized to it and providing solutions. The resulting Riccati equation connection between them is utilized to generate and solve groups of equations parameterized by arbitrary functions and constants. This method also leads to a formal solution mechanism for all second-order linear differential equations involving an infinite series of integrals of each equation’s Schwarzian derivative. The practicality of this mechanism is strongly dependent on the series rates of and allowed regions for convergence. The feedback diagram method developed is shown to be equivalent to a comparable method based on the differential equation’s normal form and another relying upon the grouping of terms for a reduction of the equation order, but augmenting their results. Applications are also made to the Helmholtz equation.
Highlighting Human Enzymes Active in Different Metabolic Pathways and Diseases: The Case Study of EC 1.2.3.1 and EC 2.3.1.9
Authors: Babbi Giulia , Baldazzi Davide , Savojardo Castrense , Martelli Pier Luigi , Casadio Rita
Published: July 2020

Enzymes are key proteins performing the basic functional activities in cells. In humans, enzymes can be also responsible for diseases, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the genotype to phenotype relationship are under investigation for diagnosis and medical care. Here, we focus on highlighting enzymes that are active in different metabolic pathways and become relevant hubs in protein interaction networks. We perform a statistics to derive our present knowledge on human metabolic pathways (the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)), and we found that activity aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+)), described by Enzyme Commission number EC 1.2.1.3, and activity acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) are the ones most frequently involved. By associating functional activities (EC numbers) to enzyme proteins, we found the proteins most frequently involved in metabolic pathways. With our analysis, we found that these proteins are endowed with the highest numbers of interaction partners when compared to all the enzymes in the pathways and with the highest numbers of predicted interaction sites. As specific enzyme protein test cases, we focus on Alpha-Aminoadipic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH7A1, EC 2.3.1.9) and Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic and mitochondrial (gene products of ACAT2 and ACAT1, respectively; EC 2.3.1.9). With computational approaches we show that it is possible, by starting from the enzyme structure, to highlight clues of their multiple roles in different pathways and of putative mechanisms promoting the association of genes to disease.
Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Mitigates Mental Fatigue Effects on Maximal Incremental Test Performance, but Not in Cortical Alterations
Authors: Brietzke Cayque , Franco-Alvarenga Paulo Estevão , Canestri Raul , Goethel Márcio Fagundes , Vínicius Ítalo , Painelli Vitor de Salles , Santos Tony Meireles , Hettinga Florentina Johanna , Pires Flávio Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Detrimental mental fatigue effects on exercise performance have been documented in constant workload and time trial exercises, but effects on a maximal incremental test (MIT) remain poorly investigated. Mental fatigue-reduced exercise performance is related to an increased effort sensation, likely due to a reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and inhibited spontaneous behavior. Interestingly, only a few studies verified if centrally active compounds may mitigate such effects. For example, carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse potentiates exercise performance and reduces effort sensation, likely through its effects on PFC activation. However, it is unknown if this centrally mediated effect of CHO mouth rinse may mitigate mental fatigue-reduced exercise performance. After a proof-of-principle study, showing a mental fatigue-reduced MIT performance, we observed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated MIT performance reductions in mentally fatigued cyclists, regardless of PFC alterations. When compared to placebo, mentally fatigued cyclists improved MIT performance by 2.24–2.33% when rinsing their mouth with CHO during MIT. However, PFC and motor cortex activation during MIT in both CHO and placebo mouth rinses were greater than in mental fatigue. Results showed that CHO mouth rinse mitigated the mental fatigue-reduced MIT performance, but challenged the role of CHO mouth rinse on PFC and motor cortex activation.
Details of the Contents of Paranoid Thoughts in Help-Seeking Adolescents with Psychotic-Like Experiences and Continuity with Bullying and Victimization: A Pilot Study
Authors: Catone Gennaro , Gritti Antonella , Russo Katia , Santangelo Pia , Iuliano Raffaella , Bravaccio Carmela , Pisano Simone
Published: July 2020

Background: Psychosis recognizes an interaction between biological and social environmental factors. Adversities are now recognized to be consistently associated with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). The purpose of this study was to describe the contents of paranoid symptoms and to focus on their relationship with bullying and victimization in help-seeking adolescents. Methods: Help-seeking adolescents who screened positive for PLEs participated in the study. They performed a battery self-report questionnaire for data collection (paranoia: the Specific Psychotic Experiences Questionnaire (SPEQ); the content of paranoid thoughts: the Details of Threat (DoT); bullying victimization: the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale (MPVS); depression: the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI); and anxiety: the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale (MASC)). Results: The participants were 50 adolescents (52% female; mean age: 170 months). The contents of their paranoid symptoms were related to victimization and, in particular, the certainty of threats was correlated with physical (0.394, p < 0.01) and verbal bullying (0.394, p < 0.01), respectively. The powerfulness of the threats correlated with verbal victimization (0.295, p < 0.05). The imminence of the threats was linked to verbal (0.399, p < 0.01) victimization. Hours under threat correlated with verbal (0.415, p < 0.01) victimization. The sureness of the threat had a moderate correlation with physical (0.359, p < 0.05) and verbal (0.443, p < 0.01) victimization, respectively. The awfulness of the threat was linked to social manipulation (0.325, p < 0.05). Conclusions: We described the content of the persecutory symptoms. The powerfulness, imminence, sureness, and awfulness of threats correlated with the level of physical, verbal and social manipulation victimization. Teachers and family must actively monitor early signs of bullying victimization, and school psychologists should promote preventive and therapeutic intervention. From a social psychiatry perspective, the prevention of bullying victimization is necessary.
Two-Step Multiuser Equalization for Hybrid mmWave Massive MIMO GFDM Systems
Authors: Kassam Joumana , Miri Manar , Magueta Roberto , Castanheira Daniel , Pedrosa Pedro , Silva Adão , Dinis Rui , Gameiro Atílio
Published: July 2020

Although millimeter-wave (mmWave) and massive multiple input multiple output (mMIMO) can be considered as promising technologies for future mobile communications (beyond 5G or 6G), some hardware limitations limit their applicability. The hybrid analog-digital architecture has been introduced as a possible solution to avoid such issues. In this paper, we propose a two-step hybrid multi-user (MU) equalizer combined with low complexity hybrid precoder for wideband mmWave mMIMO systems, as well as a semi-analytical approach to evaluate its performance. The new digital non-orthogonal multi carrier modulation scheme generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is considered owing to its efficient performance in terms of achieving higher spectral efficiency, better control of out-of-band (OOB) emissions, and lower peak to average power ratio (PAPR) when compared with the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) access technique. First, a low complexity analog precoder is applied on the transmitter side. Then, at the base station (BS), the analog coefficients of the hybrid equalizer are obtained by minimizing the mean square error (MSE) between the hybrid approach and the full digital counterpart. For the digital part, zero-forcing (ZF) is used to cancel the MU interference not mitigated by the analog part. The performance results show that the performance gap of the proposed hybrid scheme to the full digital counterpart reduces as the number of radio frequency (RF) chains increases. Moreover, the theoretical curves almost overlap with the simulated ones, which show that the semi-analytical approach is quite accurate.
Heating Performance Analysis of an Air-to-Water Heat Pump Using Underground Air for Greenhouse Farming
Authors: Lim Taesub , Baik Yong-Kyu , Kim Daeung Danny
Published: July 2020

As one of the main businesses in Jeju-do in South Korea, specialized local products are grown in greenhouses. For greenhouse farming, it is preferable to use geothermal heat pump systems for energy conservation because of the stable temperature of the ground. In the same manner, heat pumps using underground air is recommended for greenhouse farming since underground air can easily be obtained from porous volcanic rocks in Jeju-do. However, direct usage of the underground air is not feasible for planting in the greenhouse or livestock care because the underground air is relatively humid and its temperature is low. For the present study, the heating performance of an air-to-water heat pump which used underground air as a heat source for greenhouse farming during the winter was assessed through measurements. In addition, the economic impact of the air-to-water heat pump (AWHP) was compared with a conventional air heater. According to the results, an AWHP can save more than 70% of the total heating costs compared with a conventional air heater. In sum, the utilization of the air-to-water heat pump using underground air can have a positive impact on reducing energy consumption as well as provide direct economic benefits.
Application of LiDAR Data for the Modeling of Solar Radiation in Forest Artificial Gaps—A Case Study
Authors: Bolibok Leszek , Brach Michał
Published: July 2020

Artificial canopy gaps (forest openings) are frequently used as an element of regeneration cutting. The development of regeneration in gaps can be controlled by selecting a relevant size and shape for the gap, which will regulate the radiation microclimate inside it. Based on the size and shape of a gap computer models can assess where solar radiation is decreased or eliminated by the surrounding canopy. The accuracy of such models to a large extent depends on how the modeled shape of a gap matches the actual shape of the gap. The aim of this study was to compare the results of modeling solar radiation availability by applying Solar Radiation Tools (SRT) that use a different digital surface model (DSM) for a description of the shape of a studied gap, with the results of the analysis of 27 hemispherical photographs. The three-dimensional gap shape was approximated with the use of simple geometrical prisms or airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) data. The impact of two variations of exposure (automatic and manual underexposure) and two variations of automatic thresholding on the congruence of SRT and Gap Light Analyzer (GLA) results were studied. Taking into account information on differences in height between trees surrounding the gap enhanced the results of modeling. The best results were obtained when the boundary of the gap base estimated from LiDAR was expanded in all directions by a value close to a mean radius of the crowns of surrounding trees. Modeling of radiation conditions on the gap floor based on LiDAR data by an SRT program is efficient and more time effective than taking hemispherical photographs. The proposed solution can be successfully applied as a trustworthy source of information about light conditions in gaps, which is needed for management decision-making in silviculture.