bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Wastage, a Threat to Indonesian Tourism
Authors: Lemy Diena Mutiara , Kusumo Elang , Brian Reagan
Published: December 2024

The tourism sector have the impact to environmental as it shifts towards sustainable tourism development. Food waste is a one of environment continuing global issue possessing sustainability challenges in the tourism sector. Food waste is edible food that is discarded, negatively impacting environmental health. As per the 2020 report from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), approximately one-third of all food produced for human consumption globally is wasted or discarded. Indonesia is among the leading producers of food waste in Southeast Asia. The 2021 UNEP annual report, food waste in Indonesia totals 20.93 million tons. The Tourism food and beverage sector, some of the biggest contributors to food waste, along with, is also by the behavior of people who may not be aware of the negative effects on food waste. This study using Qualitative method approach, with  the data such as media journals, reports, journals articles and books, and will explore the behavior of domestic tourists towards food waste, especially in the Labuan Bajo area, which is one of the super priority tourist destinations in Indonesia.   The study's findings give an overview of how people's attitudes and knowledge are influenced food wastage behavior.
Tantangan Sektor Pertanian dalam Memenuhi Kebutuhan Pangan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Ibnu Muhammad
Published: December 2024

ENGLISHThe challenges faced by agricultural sector are so complex.  This study aims to analyze the main challenges (priorities) for agricultural sector, both nationally and globally. This study used a qualitative method which is a literature review of 100 studies published in the last 10 years (2013-2023). The results of the study show that the main challenges for agricultural sector stem from 8 (eight) aspects, namely climate change and risks of water deficits, energy, biodiversity and ecosystem services, social infrastructure, governance and policies, food supply chains, consumption patterns, and intensification of sustainable agriculture. This study concludes that sustainable agriculture and food systems require strong and balanced knowledge of agronomy and ecology, strengthening of social capital based on farmer/community participation, and policies that focus on the goals of environmental preservation and human welfare and are free from political interests of few parties. INDONESIATantangan yang dihadapi oleh sektor pertanian sangat kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tantangan-tantangan bagi sektor pertanian, baik nasional maupun global. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan metode yang digunakan adalah ulasan/kajian literatur terhadap 143 studi yang dipublikasikan dalam periode 2014-2024 atau 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tantangan utama bagi sektor pertanian bersumber dari 8 (delapan) aspek, yaitu perubahan iklim dan risiko defisit air, energi, keanekaragaman hayati dan jasa ekosistem, infrastruktur sosial, tata kelola dan kebijakan, rantai pasokan pangan, pola konsumsi, dan intensifikasi pertanian berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem pertanian dan pangan berkelanjutan memerlukan pengetahuan tentang agronomi dan ekologi yang luas dan seimbang, penguatan modal sosial yang berbasis partisipasi petani/masyarakat, dan kebijakan yang fokus pada tujuan pelestarian lingkungan dan kesejahteraan umat manusia serta bebas dari kepentingan politik pihak-pihak tertentu.
Pelatihan Pengolahan Minyak Jelantah dan Sampah Anorganik pada Bank Sampah Melati Bersih Atsiri Permai RW 12, Bojonggede, Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Handayanna Frisma , Rusiyati Sri , Purnamasari Indah
Published: December 2024

Waste is one of the main problems of environmental sustainability, the volume of waste piled up that is not handled properly can pollute the environment, blockages of water channels cause flooding and have various negative impacts on public health, especially inorganic waste from waste that is difficult to decompose naturally. Melati Bersih Atsiri Permai RW 12 Waste Bank with the motto Clean and Smile Movement starting from the 3 R's, namely Reduce, Reuse, Recycle as an institution that drives community empowerment for effective waste management by sorting inorganic waste and collecting used cooking oil as an application of the green economy concept. The problem faced by the Waste Bank is limited knowledge of human resources regarding processing used cooking oil, green economy and inorganic waste. So Nusa Mandiri University lecturers and students held Community Service activities as a 2024 Grant and were funded by the Directorate of Research, Technology and Community Service, Directorate General of Higher Education, Research and Technology, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia . The aim of this activity is to implement used cooking oil processing and create inorganic waste creations according to the green economy concept. The method used is to provide assistance and training in waste bank activities through socialization and training on processing used cooking oil and inorganic waste. The results of the training showed that there was an increase in the participants' knowledge, creativity and innovation in processing used cooking oil into candles and soap, processing inorganic waste into craft creations with high marketability and were motivated to start entrepreneurship.
Pendampingan Pemanfaatan Platform Merdeka Mengajar dalam Penguatan Sekolah Penggerak Melalui Optimalisasi Peran Komunitas Belajar
Authors: Miftah Miftah , Napitupulu Nurasyah Dewi , Zaky Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan, terutama di sekolah-sekolah penggerak, peran komunitas belajar dan pemanfaatan teknologi seperti Platform Merdeka Mengajar sangat penting untuk memberikan dampak positif. Adapun tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk mendampingi dan mengoptimalkan peran komunitas belajar dalam penguatan sekolah penggerak melalui pemanfaatan Platform Merdeka Mengajar dengan tahapan pelaksanaan yaitu mengidentifikasi kebutuhan sekolah penggerak dan komunitas belajar terkait, memberikan pelatihan untuk memahami dan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan Platform merdeka mengajar, pembentukan dan penguatan komunitas belajar ditingkat sekolah melalui kegiatan lokakarya komunitas belajar, dan monitoring serta evaluasi pelaksanaan program. Dari kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan hasil dan manfaatnya berupa peningkatan pemanfaatan Platform Merdeka Mengajar oleh guru, nampak peran komunitas belajar yang lebih aktif dalam mendukung kegiatan pembelajaran serta adanya penguatan kapasitas sekolah penggerak melalui kolaborasi dengan komunitas belajar.
Collatz Sequence Proof (1st Way)
Authors: Muhammad Taha
Published: December 2024

Abstract of Solving Collatz Sequence I started from a loop containing all positive numbers and performed Collatz law on each number x in the loop, obtained algebraic equations, and defined the values of x, which not belong to the set of natural numbers except 1. Then I applied Collatz laws and obtained the elements of the loop, which are {4, 2, 1}. S (n)= {n/2 or 3n+1, ..., 4,2,1} for all N+. Thus LS (n) = {4,2,1} for all N+. I added extra work to support my proof: 1- Graph 2- Sketch 3- Chart 4- Table 5- Pattern 5- [If LS (n)= {4,2,1} for r = 3k] True Then I proved that [LS (n) = {4, 2, 1} for r+3= 3(k+1)] True 6- [If LS (n) has no loop if for r = 3k+h, h<3, h is a natural number] True Then I proved that [LS (n) has no loop if for r+1 = 3k+h+1=3k+2, h=1] True Therefore: LS (5) = LS (10^100) = LS ((10^1000) + 7) = LS (47) = ... = LS (1) = {4, 2, 1} only for all n in N+ Note: r = # of elements in a loop. K = 1 or 2
Expectations, Visions, Imaginaries – a subtle force in transition processes
Authors: Rohracher Harald , Konrad Kornelia
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses the role of visions, expectations and socio-technical imaginaries in shaping sustainability transitions. The imagination of futures differing from current socio-technical regimes is essential for the legitimization and mobilization of radically different niche technologies and wider system change. More recently, discussions on mission-oriented and transformative innovation policies have emphasized processes of envisioning and the formation of collective expectations for defining, operationalising and implementing long-term visions and goals in such missions. The chapter gives an introduction to the historic development of concepts of visions, expectations and imaginaries within different strands of sustainability transition studies such as transition management, strategic niche management or technological innovation system approaches. A range of anticipatory practices and techniques of exploring and shaping transition dynamics are presented and comparatively analysed. 'Futuring methods' such as scenario development, technology foresight and roadmapping, or modelling are not just neutral tools, but also exercise 'world-making' power by defining political problems and devising solutions. The chapter concludes by illustrating the subtle force of visions, expectations and imaginaries in the historic ups and downs of hydrogen futures and by pointing out a number of current strands in the research, practice and critical analysis of these phenomena.
Is Green Web Experience Effective in Building Awareness for Corporate Social Responsibility and Driving Repurchase Intention?
Authors: Putri Yulia Hamdaini , Mavilinda Hera Febria , Adam Mohamad , Andriana Isni , Shihab Muchsin Saggaff
Published: December 2024

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to understand, analyze, and prove the behavior of consumers during the process of browsing websites. It also intends to increase awareness about the social responsibility activities of companies.
Methodology – The respondents were 200 skincare users, aged 17 to 40 years, and visited the company website to shop for products labeled Go Green. The sample size was determined using the snowball sampling method while the hypotheses developed were tested through the application of the structural equation model.
Findings – The results showed that the awareness of social responsibility partially mediated the relationship between the green web experience and repurchase intention.
Originality – This The study bridges the gap between digital platforms and their influence on CSR awareness, which is not yet widely explored.
Integrating machine learning with bioinformatics for predicting idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis prognosis: developing an individualized clinical prediction tool
Authors: Ruan Hongmei , Ren Chunnian
Published: December 2024

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis. Its non-specific clinical symptoms make accurate prediction of disease progression challenging. This study aimed to develop molecular-level prognostic models to personalize treatment strategies for IPF patients. Using transcriptome sequencing and clinical data from 176 IPF patients, we developed a Random Survival Forest (RSF) model through machine learning and bioinformatics techniques. The model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy and clinical utility, as shown by the concordance index (C-index), the area under the operating characteristic curve (AUC), Brief scores, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves. Additionally, a novel prognostic staging system was introduced to stratify IPF patients into distinct risk groups, enabling individualized predictions. The model’s performance was validated using a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. In conclusion, this study offers a new prognostic staging system and predictive tool for IPF, providing valuable insights for treatment and management.
A novel multi-level 3D pose estimation framework for gait detection of Parkinson’s disease using monocular video
Authors: He Rong , You Zijing , Zhou Yongqiang , Chen Guilan , Diao Yanan , Jiang Xiantai , Ning Yunkun , Zhao Guoru , Liu Ying
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by muscle stiffness, bradykinesia, and balance disorders, significantly impairing the quality of life for affected patients. While motion pose estimation and gait analysis can aid in early diagnosis and timely intervention, clinical practice currently lacks objective and accurate tools for gait analysis.

Methods

This study proposes a multi-level 3D pose estimation framework for PD patients, integrating monocular video with Transformer and Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) techniques. Gait temporal and spatial parameters were extracted and verified for 59 healthy elderly and PD patients, and an early prediction model for PD patients was established.

Results

The repeatability of the gait parameters showed strong consistency, with most of the estimated parameters yielding an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) greater than 0.70. Furthermore, these parameters exhibited a high correlation with VICON and ATMI results (r > 0.80). The classification model based on the extracted parameter features, using a Random Forest (RF) classifier, achieved an accuracy of 93.3%.

Conclusion

The proposed 3D pose estimation method demonstrates high reliability and effectiveness in providing accurate 3D human pose parameters, with strong potential for early prediction of PD.

Significance

This markerless method offers significant advantages in terms of low cost, portability, and ease of use, positioning it as a promising tool for monitoring and screening PD patients in clinical settings.
Wildlife trade at the interface between deeply-rooted animal-based traditional medicine and unregulated harvesting of wild animals in West Africa
Authors: Zanvo Stanislas , Dognimon Samson , Djagoun Chabi A. M. S. , Akpatchémè Jiroux , Azihou Akomian Fortuné , Djossa Bruno , Sogbohossou Etotépé A. , Sinsin Brice
Published: December 2024

Local trade remains a data poor component of wildlife crime that must be better understood for more effective combat against the illegal wildlife trade. We assessed the distribution of wildlife markets, diversity of species traded and the extent of the trade chain through spatial analysis of wildlife sale sites and semi-structured interviews with 75 vendors in the 10 largest traditional medicine markets of Benin. GPS coordinates of wildlife markets were used to map their geographic distribution and assess their spatial patterns. We used a generalized linear model to determine the drivers underlying the spatial patterns of wildlife markets. A circular layout was designed to delineate the geographic extent of wildlife trade in terms of supplying sources. We found that wildlife was traded at 121 sale sites in Benin, highly dominated by traditional medicine markets (106 sites). The spatial analysis of markets exhibited an aggregative distribution pattern, and the type of market, the number of stalls in the markets and the municipality status influence significantly the spatial temporality of market distribution. Wildlife trade for traditional medicine affected 268, 96 and 61 bird, mammal and reptile species, respectively, and included species of both high national and global conservation concern. We also found that the national wildlife trade in Benin was supplied from 80% (12/15) West African Economic and Monetary countries, and all the Economic Community of West African States (except Guinea-Bissau) in violation of national laws, CITES, and regional commitments to combat wildlife trafficking (e.g., the West African Strategy for Combatting Wildlife Crime). Our study in Benin is a big step to revealing trade throughout in West Africa. It provides much needed information on wildlife trade structure and driving forces that could help to inform decision-making for better trade regulation and for effective wildlife law enforcement in West Africa. Other studies should do the same to help paint a more complete picture of wildlife trade in West Africa.
Extension of an ICU-based noninvasive model to predict latent shock in the emergency department: an exploratory study
Authors: Wu Mingzheng , Li Shaoping , Yu Haibo , Jiang Cheng , Dai Shuai , Jiang Shan , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely adopted for the prediction of latent shock occurrence in critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). However, the usefulness of an ICU-based model to predict latent shock risk in an emergency department (ED) setting remains unclear. This study aimed to develop an AI model to predict latent shock risk in patients admitted to EDs.

Methods

Multiple regression analysis was used to compare the difference between Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV-ICU and MIMIC-IV-ED datasets. An adult noninvasive model was constructed based on the MIMIC-IV-ICU v3.0 database and was externally validated in populations admitted to an ED. Its efficiency was compared with efficiency of testing with noninvasive systolic blood pressure (nSBP) and shock index.

Results

A total of 50,636 patients from the MIMIC-IV-ICU database was used to develop the model, and a total of 2,142 patients from the Philips IntelliSpace Critical Care and Anesthesia (ICCA)-ED and 425,087 patients from the MIMIC-IV-ED were used for external validation. The modeling and validation data revealed similar non-invasive feature distributions. Multiple regression analysis of the MIMIC-IV-ICU and MIMIC-IV-ED datasets showed mostly similar characteristics. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the noninvasive model 10 min before the intervention was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.84–0.96), and the diagnosis accordance rate (DAR) was above 80%. More than 80% of latent shock patients were identified more than 70 min earlier using the noninvasive model; thus, it performed better than evaluating shock index and nSBP.

Conclusion

The adult noninvasive model can effectively predict latent shock occurrence in EDs, which is better than using shock index and nSBP.
Numerical simulations on effects of turbulence on the size spectrum of sinking particles in ocean surface boundary layer
Authors: Nishino Keisuke , Yoshikawa Yutaka
Published: December 2024

Sinking particles in the ocean play a crucial role in the climate system by transporting materials, such as carbon, deep into the ocean. The amount of this transport is influenced by the net sinking speed of the particles and the amount of material attached to them, both of which are determined by the size spectrum of the particles. The spectrum is shaped by aggregation and disaggregation processes, which are typically most active in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL), where intense turbulent flows can enhance both particle collision (aggregation) and particle fragmentation (disaggregation). This study aims to reveal the mechanism by which turbulence transforms the size spectrum through these competing processes and to determine whether turbulence alters the downward material transport from the OSBL. To achieve this, we performed large-eddy simulations to reproduce wind- and wave-induced turbulent flows, employing a Lagrangian particle model to track passive particles in the flow and simulate their aggregation and disaggregation. The model tracked groups of particles rather than individual ones. The results revealed that the shape of the simulated size spectrum was characterized by two length scales, the compensation radius (characterizing the particle floatability) and the Kolmogorov scale, which define the shear range where the turbulent shear shapes the spectrum, the sinking range where the gravitational sinking of particles shapes the spectrum, and the transition range between them. The findings revealed that turbulence tends to increase the terminal velocity and decrease the specific surface area of sinking particles when turbulent aggregation dominates over disaggregation, and vice versa. Although these results may be influenced by uncertain parameterizations (e.g., disaggregation parameterization), the study demonstrates the effectiveness of the numerical approach in investigating the fundamental processes governing particle sinking in turbulent flows.
Application of FDEM in the study of large deformation mechanisms in deep-buried soft rock tunnels: A case study
Authors: Wang Yanning , Qiao Jiangang , Zheng Shaohua , He Zhiwei , Hu Yongkang , Yan Chengzeng
Published: December 2024

The Hutou Beishan Mega Tunnel frequently experiences significant deformation and instability collapse when passing through weak and fractured rock strata, leading to frequent design modifications and adversely impacting the construction progress and costs. This paper employs the finite-discrete element method (FDEM) to investigate the mechanisms and characteristics of large deformations in soft rock and analyzes the effects of in-situ stress and lateral pressure coefficients on the stability of soft rock tunnels. The results indicate that: (1) Once the compressive stress concentration exceeds the shear strength of the surrounding rock, shear failure occurs, with the resulting cracks predominantly forming X-shaped conjugate fractures. The shape of the excavation damage zone (EDZ) corresponds to the stress state; (2) Under hydrostatic stress conditions, the extent of damage to weak surrounding rock is influenced by the in-situ stress. At lower in-situ stress levels, only a few cracks appear at the edges of the surrounding rock, and deformation is minimal. At higher in-situ stress levels, cracks extend deeper into the tunnel, crushing shallow rock; (3) The failure characteristics of the tunnel vary with different lateral pressure coefficients. As the lateral pressure coefficient changes, the shape of the EDZ also changes, and the concentrated damage zone shifts from the arch waist to the crown as the lateral pressure coefficient increases.
Modelling the economic and environmental impacts of water resources in the context of climate neutrality in the EUSDR member states
Authors: Ionescu Romeo Victor , Zlati Monica Laura , Antohi Valentin Marian , Cristea Dragoș Sebastian , Petrea Ștefan Mihai , Forțea Costinela
Published: December 2024

Introduction

This study explores the economic and environmental impacts of water resources in the context of achieving climate neutrality in the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR). The research is focused on eight EUSDR member states: Bulgaria, Czechia, Germany, Croatia, Hungary, Austria, Romania, and Slovakia, with the aim of analyzing the dynamic relationship between water resources, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. Given the ambitious goals of the European Green Deal, this study examines how water management can support the transition towards climate neutrality.

Methods

A dynamic econometric model was developed using a consolidated database of relevant climate neutrality indicators from 2010 to 2021. The selected indicators included GDP per capita, water use in agriculture, gross water abstraction, sewage sludge production, and water productivity. The econometric model was validated using statistical tools such as the One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, and analysis was conducted using Gretl and IBM-SPSS 25 software.

Results

The findings reveal that water resources management significantly contributes to the achievement of climate neutrality targets. The model achieved over 86% significance in explaining the financial efforts needed to achieve the Green Deal’s 2030 and 2050 goals. Moreover, water productivity and investments in water-related infrastructure were found to play critical roles in ensuring the success of these climate policies.

Discussion

The results highlight the importance of policy coordination across the EUSDR member states and the need for increased investment in sustainable water resource management. Achieving climate neutrality requires addressing economic disparities between states and enhancing regional cooperation.

Conclusion

The proposed dynamic model offers a valuable tool for monitoring progress towards climate neutrality, particularly in relation to water resource management. This research underlines the need for targeted policy interventions and investments to meet the Green Deal’s goals while safeguarding the region's water resources.
Factors affecting population density and colonization success of two non-native beetle species with different breeding/life-history strategies
Authors: Cocoș Dragoș , Klapwijk Maartje J. , Björkman Christer , Ravn Hans Peter , Schroeder Martin
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Bark and longhorn beetles have become of increasing concern as invasive pests as they are transported across the globe. The larch bark beetle Ips cembrae and the larch longhorn beetle Tetropium gabrieli are two species that have recently established in Scandinavia. We asked the following questions for both I. cembrae and T. gabrieli: (i) How does habitat availability affect the relative population density? (ii) How is the colonization probability related to the relative population density? (iii) What is the relationship between relative population densities of the beetles and enemy pressure?

Methods

The relative population density of the two beetle species were assessed with two pheromone-baited traps for each beetle species in 36 pure larch stands distributed in southern Sweden and Denmark. In addition, colonization success was recorded on five cut larch trees in 30 of the 36 larch stands.

Results

Ips cembrae was trapped in 19 stands and had colonized cut trees in two stands, whereas Tetropium gabrieli was trapped in 18 stands and had colonized cut trees in 12 stands. Both species showed a positive relationship between the relative population density and the probability of colonization of the cut trees. For I. cembrae a higher population size was required for colonization than for T. gabrieli. The relative population density of both species was positively related to the amount of habitat.

Discussion

The difference in the population size required for colonization between the two studied species might be explained by their different reproductive strategies. The results are discussed in terms of host location and mate finding, and predation pressure.
Anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature review
Authors: Fei Xin , Zheng Zhong , Zhao Zhen-ya , Ren Da-wei , Wang Su-ying , Ye Shi-jie , Liang Lin-chun , Li Da , Jia Xiao-long , Ma Qi
Published: December 2024

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare, highly aggressive, and has a very poor prognosis, with an overall survival typically not exceeding one year. Standard treatment is generally based on the regimen for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with guidelines recommending etoposide combined with cisplatin (EP regimen) as the first-line treatment. However, their therapeutic effects are limited. For primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate that has failed the EP regimen treatment, there is currently a lack of relevant treatment methods. Here, we report a case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate with multiple metastases, whose disease rapidly progressed despite receiving EP and second-line systemic chemotherapy. The patient was then administered a combination of anlotinib and tislelizumab. After treatment, the patient’s symptoms were controlled, tumor marker levels decreased, and imaging showed significant improvement. The patient had a progression-free survival time of more than 22 months and continued to receive treatment. This is the first report of the use of anlotinib combined with tislelizumab for the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate, providing a new therapeutic option for patients with this disease.
Case report: Toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by tislelizumab in a patient with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Shilong , Xu Chenyang , Liu Huafeng
Published: December 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely applicated for the treatment of patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Skin-related adverse reactions are frequent with ICIs, with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) being a severe and potentially life-threatening cutaneous reaction.

Case presentation

We present a case of a 70-year-old male with locally advanced esophageal cancer who developed severe toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) after 18 days of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy. The condition rapidly progressed to cover approximately 90% of his body. After treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin, and antibiotics, along with active nutritional support and wound care, the patient recovered from TEN induced by tislelizumab.

Conclusion

Treatment for TEN is complex, and no standardized guidelines currently exist. We propose an economical, safe, effective, and simple strategy for similar TEN patients.
Behavioral analysis of motor and non-motor impairment in rodent models of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Sheta Razan , Bérard Morgan , Musiol Dylan , Martínez-Drudis Laura , Oueslati Abid
Published: December 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. While motor symptoms such as rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia/akinesia, and postural instability are well-recognized, non-motor symptoms including cognitive decline, depression, and anxiety also significantly impact patients' quality of life. Preclinical research utilizing animal models has been instrumental in understanding PD pathophysiology and exploring therapeutic interventions. Various approaches, including genetic manipulations and toxin-induced insults, aim to recapitulate both motor and non-motor aspects of PD in animal models. However, no single model fully replicates the complex spectrum of PD symptoms. Behavioral assessments play a crucial role in evaluating motor impairments in PD animal models, focusing on the manifestation of Parkinsonian motor phenotype. These assessments encompass locomotor activities, motor behavior abnormalities, and induced rotational behavior. Similarly, non-motor features are assessed through tests evaluating behavioral alterations such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Although numerous animal models of PD have been developed, including non-human primates and both mammalian and non-mammalian species, this review focuses on motor and non-motor testing methodologies in rodent models, which are the most commonly used. Emphasizing genetic and toxin-induced PD models in mice and rats, we highlight key testing strategies and the significance of each method in addressing specific research questions and interpreting experimental data. By providing a comprehensive overview of these testing approaches, this review aims to advance understanding and foster progress in PD research.
Multiple time points of transcriptome analysis revealed altered genes involved in maintaining hibernation in the hypothalamus of Tamias sibiricus
Authors: Zhang Tian , Yang Chao , Guo Yaxiu , Xu Zihan , Zhao Minbo , Wu Feng , Zhang Hongyu , Wang Hailong , Sui Xiukun , Jiang Siyu , He Rongqiao , Dai Zhongquan , Liu Ying , Li Yinghui
Published: December 2024

Hibernation, an adaptive mechanism to extreme environmental conditions, is prevalent among mammals. Its main characteristics include reduced body temperature and metabolic rate. However, the mechanisms by which hibernating animals re-enter deep sleep during the euthermic phase to sustain hibernation remain poorly understood. We selected the Tamias sibiricus as a model organism and conducted transcriptomic sequencing of its hypothalamus at multiple time points throughout hibernation. Through the strategies of gene set filtering and intersection analysis, we effectively filtered out redundant data, identifying a subset of genes whose expression was downregulated during the euthermic phase potentially inducing re-enter deep sleep, thereby maintaining the periodic cycles of torpor and arousal. These cycles are crucial for sustaining the overall hibernation process. Notably, genes associated with sodium and potassium ion channels were significantly enriched. Specifically, potassium ion-related genes such as Kcnc1, Kcna2, Kcng4, and Kcna6, along with sodium ion-related genes such as Scn1a and Hcn2, were markedly downregulated. qRT-PCR validation of four of these genes (Kcnc1, Kcna6, Scn1a, and Hcn2) confirmed significant downregulation during the euthermic phase compared to the deep sleep phase, further supporting our transcriptomic findings. This study provides novel insights into the hypothalamic transcriptome dynamics at various hibernation stages. Although the functional roles of these genes require further investigation, our findings lay the groundwork for future studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying hibernation.
Optic nerve-mediated modulation of temporally interfering electric fields for potential targeted retinal disease therapy: a computational modeling study
Authors: Zhou Meixuan , Su Xiaofan , Guo Tianruo , Meng Tianyue , Wu Weilei , Di Liqing , Li Liming , Li Heng , Chai Xinyu
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Traditional extraocular electrical stimulation typically produces diffuse electric fields across the retina, limiting the precision of targeted therapy. Temporally interfering (TI) electrical stimulation, an emerging approach, can generate convergent electric fields, providing advantages for targeted treatment of various eye conditions.

Objective

Understanding how detailed structures of the retina, especially the optic nerve, affects electric fields can enhance the application of TI approach in retinal neurodegenerative and vascular diseases, an essential aspect that has been frequently neglected in previous researches.

Methods

We developed an anatomically accurate multi-layer human eye model, incorporating the optic nerve segment and setting it apart from current research endeavors. Based on this model, we conducted in silico investigations to predict the influence of the optic nerve on spatial characteristics of the temporally interfering electric field (TIEF) generated by diverse electrode configurations.

Results

Optic nerve directly influenced spatial distributions and modulation rules of TIEFs. It caused convergent areas to shift nasally or temporally in relation to return electrode positions, and further increased the axial anisotropy within the convergent TIEF. Furthermore, alterations in electrode positions and adjustments to current ratios among channels induced diverse spatial patterns of TIEFs within the macular region, the area surrounding the optic nerve, as well as peripheral retina.

Conclusion

Our findings suggested that presence of the optic nerve necessitated the utilization of different modulating paradigms when employing TI strategy for targeted treatment of various retinal lesions. And also provided theoretical references for developing a novel retinal electrical stimulation therapeutic device based on TI technology.
The role of brainstem biopsy and targeted therapies in pediatric diffuse midline glioma/diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Sheikh Shehryar R. , Recinos Violette M. R. , Thompson Eric M. , Mangum Ross , Wright-Nadkarni Mariah , Gampel Bradley , Patel Neha J.
Published: December 2024

Pediatric diffuse midline glioma (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), are aggressive brainstem tumors with a dire prognosis, traditionally diagnosed based on MRI characteristics. The recognition that molecular characteristics may determine prognosis and response to therapy has led to a reevaluation of biopsy necessity. This comprehensive review addresses the evolving role of brainstem biopsies in diagnosing and managing these tumors – both within the context of a clinical trial and in routine clinical care. We examine practice variability around brainstem biopsies for DMG/DIPG, revealing a global inconsistency in biopsy application and perceptions amongst providers. We show that safety profiles from contemporary studies demonstrate a high diagnostic success rate with minimal permanent morbidity, supporting the feasibility of biopsies in expert centers. Beyond the safety angle, we discuss the utility of biopsies in enabling personalized medicine, highlighting how molecular profiling has been used in multiple centers to guide targeted therapies. We present initial evidence from case studies and registry reports to address whether these molecularly targeted approaches are 1) clinically feasible, and 2) likely to extend survival. Furthermore, we present evidence to support the notion that biopsies facilitate the design of more refined clinical trials, shifting from a one-size-fits-all model to molecularly stratified studies. We discuss how this new paradigm for trial design is likely necessary in the context of DMG/DIPG given the lack of progress in this disease for the last several decades. Future directions discussed in the review include liquid biopsy techniques to complement or replace tissue sampling, aiming to enhance diagnostic precision and treatment monitoring.
Case Report: Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome in a pediatric patient after percutaneous treatment of aortic re-coarctation
Authors: García Herrera Iris Paola , Canales Robredo Carlos , Aboytes Zavala Magdalena , Merayo Chalico Javier , Pineda Arzate Orfanel Sebastian , Colín Ortíz José Luis , Aparicio Vera Luis Alberto
Published: December 2024

A female patient in middle childhood was diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta at one month of age and underwent a successful cortectomy. At 11 years old, she developed re-coarctation, which was managed through interventional cardiology. Shortly after the procedure, she experienced a sudden and severe clinical decline, presenting with hypoperfusion of the lower extremities, gastrointestinal bleeding, acute kidney injury, and pancreatitis. Multiple thrombotic events were identified, prompting an extensive evaluation for thrombophilia. The patient tested positive for antiphospholipid antibodies and was diagnosed with catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (CAPS). An aggressive treatment was initiated, yielding a favorable response following discharge; she made a full recovery and continues to be monitored regularly in cardiology and rheumatology clinics.
Transient hypothyroidism in a neonate following maternal exposure to vinblastine during pregnancy: a case report and review
Authors: Amin Zubair , Aung Win Thu , Ng Yvonne Peng Mei
Published: December 2024

Background

Vinblastine is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for various cancers. We report a case of transient congenital hypothyroidism following maternal exposure to vinblastine during the third trimester of pregnancy and propose possible mechanisms of action.

Method

We utilized the CARE guidelines to report the case.

Case presentation

The mother is a 30-year-old previously healthy Malay woman who was diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma during her 28th week of pregnancy. She received two cycles of vinblastine monotherapy during her third trimester. She delivered a healthy baby girl at 37 weeks of gestation. Cord blood screening for congenital hypothyroidism and subsequent thyroid function tests showed evidence of congenital hypothyroidism. An ultrasound scan of the baby confirmed the presence of the thyroid gland, but there was no uptake of radionuclide tracer by the thyroid gland, thereby ruling out thyroid dysgenesis or dyshormonogenesis as the plausible cause of hypothyroidism. The baby was treated with replacement thyroxine for 18 months with eventual normal growth and development.

Conclusion

This is the first reported case of transient congenital hypothyroidism following maternal exposure to vinblastine during the third trimester of pregnancy. Although direct causation cannot be established, heightened awareness of neonatal hypothyroidism is recommended after exposure to vinblastine or similar drugs in pregnancy.
Diagnostic challenges of long COVID in children: a survey of pediatric health care providers’ preferences and practices
Authors: Liu Vivian Y. , Godfrey Madeleine , Dunn Matthew , Fowler Robert , Guthrie Lauren , Dredge David , Holmes Scott , Johnston Alicia M. , Simoneau Tregony , Fasano Alessio , Ericson Dawn , Yonker Lael M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Given the challenges in diagnosing children with long COVID, we sought to explore diagnostic practices and preferences among clinicians.

Methods

A ten-question survey assessed pediatric providers’ clinical decision making for identifying and evaluating long COVID in children. Of the 120 survey respondents, 84 (70%) were physicians, 31 (26%) nurse practitioners, and 5 (4%) physician assistants.

Results

The most common categories of symptoms identified as raising suspicion for long COVID in children included cardiopulmonary symptoms, selected by 119 (99%) of pediatric providers, and neurocognitive symptoms, selected by 118 (98%) of providers. However, there was more ambiguity on the primary feature of long COVID, with providers selecting a range of key symptoms. Of all physical exam findings, postural orthostatic tachycardia, was most suggestive of long COVID [identified by 49 (41%) of pediatric providers], whereas one-third of providers reported no specific identifiable exam finding.

Discussion

Pediatric providers report variable decision making in the clinical evaluation of long COVID, with patient demographics and clinical factors impacting whether a diagnosis of long COVID is considered. This variation in diagnosing pediatric long COVID reflects ambiguity in the definition of long COVID in children and the absence of clinical guidelines to support providers in the identification of disease and treatment. This study highlights an area of need for future clinical advances in pediatric long COVID.
The role of zinc in the premature brain: functions, outcomes and future research perspectives
Authors: Chamakioti Myrsini , Brion Luc P. , Viswanathan Pranav , Lair Cheryl S. , Angelis Dimitrios
Published: December 2024

Zinc (Zn) is one of the most prevalent and essential micronutrients, found in 10% of all human proteins and involved in numerous cellular enzymatic pathways. Zn is important in the neonatal brain, due to its involvement in neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and neural signaling. It acts as a neuronal modulator and is highly concentrated in certain brain regions, such as the hippocampus, and the retina. Low Zn intake is frequent in several countries and in populations with high poverty index. Preterm infants are at risk for Zn deficiency for prenatal (missing fetal Zn) and postnatal reasons (less intestinal absorption and insufficient intake in maternal milk to match fetal accretion). The amount of Zn needed for preterm infants is not known and remains the subject of controversy. Recent nutritional recommendations favored an increase in daily Zn supplementation. Systematic reviews of randomized trials have shown that Zn supplementation in preterm infants increases weight gain and may decrease mortality. In this review we will summarize the role of Zn in brain functions and outcomes in preterm newborns, gaps in knowledge and areas of future research.
Comparison of trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopic complete extraperitoneal closure and laparoscopic intracorporeal closure for pediatric inguinal hernia: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Li Yanyi , Jin Zhu , Tang Chengyan , Gong Yuan , Huang Lu , Du Qing , Xia Xinrong , Zhu Daiwei , Zhou Wankang , Li Zeping , Wang Weiao , Liu Yuanmei , Zheng Zebing
Published: December 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of Trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopic complete extraperitoneal closure (LCEC) and laparoscopic intracorporeal closure (LIC) for inguinal hernia by analysis of follow-up data over 5 years.

Methods

In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 524 children with inguinal hernia were randomly assigned to undergo LCEC or LIC between August 2016 and December 2017. The primary outcome measures were the success and recurrence rates. The secondary outcome measures were operative time; length of hospital stay; postoperative pain score; and incidence of postoperative complications, including rates of wound infection, stitch abscess, and testicular atrophy.

Results

Primary analysis of the 227 patients in the LIC group and 215 patients in the LCEC group revealed that in the LCEC group, the success rate of was significantly higher in LCEC group (96.7% vs. 90.3%, P < .05) and the length of hospital stay was significantly shorter (P < .05) than those of the LIC group. Neither the recurrence rate (P > .05) nor the operative time (P > .05) of the groups significantly differed. The pain scores at postoperative 12 and 24 h were significantly lower in the LCEC group than in the LIC group (P < .05). The incidence rates of wound infection (0.93% vs. 5.7%, P < .05) and stitch abscess (1.4% vs. 7.0%, P < .05) were significantly lower in the LCEC group than in the LIC group. No testicular atrophy occurred in either group.

Conclusion

LCEC is associated with better clinical success and fewer postoperative complications for repair of pediatric inguinal hernia compared with LIC.
Elucidating the mechanism of stigmasterol in acute pancreatitis treatment: insights from network pharmacology and in vitro/in vivo experiments
Authors: Zhao Xuanlin , Li Fan , Wen Ao , Yu Xiuxian , Xu Xinrui , Wan Chengyu , Cao Yu , Xin Guang , Huang Wen
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe inflammatory disease of the pancreas that could trigger a systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction. Stigmasterol, a natural plant sterol found in various herbs and vegetables, exhibits a significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cholesterol-lowering effects. However, its therapeutic potential in AP have not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods

The present study employed network pharmacology combined with experimental verification to explore the protective effect of stigmasterol on AP and its molecular mechanism in a sodium taurocholate (STC)-induced AP mouse model.

Results

Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis pinpointed out MAPK3, also named as ERK1, as a promising stigmasterol target in AP therapy. Molecular docking analysis further revealed a strong binding capacity of stigmasterol to ERK1 (−6.57 kL/mol). Furthermore, both in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that stigmasterol treatment notably attenuated STC-induced pancreatic injury, as evidented by decreased serum levels of lipase and amylase, improved systemic inflammation, and reduced acinar cell necrosis. At the molecular level, stigmasterol treatment exhibited a significant inhibition on STC-induced activation of ERK signaling pathway in pancreatic acinar cells, leading to the transition of acinar cell death from necrosis to apoptosis, thereby preventing acinar cell necrosis-induced systemic inflammation.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that stigmasterol exhibits a significant protective effect aganist AP, at least in part through enhancing acinar cell apoptosis via modulating the ERK signaling pathways.