bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Provenance of Triassic sandstones in the basins of Northern Ireland—Implications for NW European Triassic palaeodrainage
Authors: Franklin Jess , Tyrrell Shane , O'Sullivan Gary , Nauton‐Fourteu Martin , Raine Rob
Published: January 2020

Palaeodrainage models for the mixed fluvial‐aeolian systems, which supplied detritus to Triassic basins on and offshore Britain and Ireland are well established. Basins such as those across Northern Ireland are not as well understood. Provenance studies of Triassic sandstones in the Slyne Basin offshore western Ireland and in basins west of Shetland have indicated that sediment supply was through a southward flowing fluvial system. Similar work on Triassic sandstones in the Wessex and East Irish Sea basins on and offshore Britain identified source rocks to the south supporting models, which evoke the northward flowing “Budleighensis” river system. The basins across Northern Ireland are potentially situated along the drainage divide between these two large‐scale drainage systems. K‐feldspar Pb‐isotopic analysis, apatite U–Pb geochronology and trace element geochemistry identify the Hebridean Platform, and the Scottish and Irish massifs to the north and west, respectively, and the remnant Variscan Uplands to the far south of the basins as source areas. The proportion of the northern‐ and southern‐derived detritus fluctuates several times over the sampled intervals, suggesting the dominance of drainage systems supplying sand to the basins “switched” intermittently over time. This may be due to abnormally heavy rains periodically powering the Budleighensis river system farther north or perhaps localised subsidence temporarily disconnecting Triassic basins on and offshore Britain and Ireland. The Triassic basins in Northern Ireland acted as either a major drainage divide between southern and northern river systems or as a regional sink for sediment preventing further expansion of either system.
Expression scoring of a small‐nucleolar‐RNA signature identified by machine learning serves as a prognostic predictor for head and neck cancer
Authors: Xing Lu , Zhang Xiaoqi , Zhang Xiaoqian , Tong Dongdong
Published: January 2020

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis due to a lack of predictive markers. Increasing evidence has demonstrated small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) play an important role in tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to identify a prognostic snoRNA signature of HNSCC. Survival‐related snoRNAs were screened by Cox regression analysis (univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate). The predictive value was validated in different subgroups. The biological functions were explored by coexpression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). One hundred and thirteen survival‐related snoRNAs were identified, and a five‐snoRNA signature predicted prognosis with high sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the signature was applicable to patients of different sexes, ages, stages, grades, and anatomic subdivisions. Coexpression analysis and GSEA revealed the five‐snoRNA are involved in regulating malignant phenotype and DNA/RNA editing. This five‐snoRNA signature is not only a promising predictor of prognosis and survival but also a potential biomarker for patient stratification management.
A novel method to diagnose the infection of enterovirus A71 in children by detecting IgA from saliva
Authors: Wang Changbing , Chen Yi , Xu Tiantian , Tian Xingui , Zheng Jianbin , Liu Wenkuan , Xia Yu , Li Yinghua , Zhu Bing , Zhou Rong
Published: January 2020

Enterovirus A71 (EV‐A71) is one of the main pathogens causing hand, foot, and mouth disease, and often causes diseases of the central nervous system. Early diagnosis is important to prevent EV‐A71 outbreaks. The detection of serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) is widely used for the early diagnosis of EV‐A71 in clinics, especially in rural areas. However, this technique requires the extraction of blood from children who have thin blood vessels and who might fear the use of needles. Therefore, difficulties in the detection process are often encountered. This study developed a noninvasive method to detect EV‐A71‐specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) in saliva for the diagnosis of EV‐A71 infection. The sensitivity and specificity of IgA detection did not differ significantly compared with IgM detection. IgA antibodies were present in saliva for a relatively shorter period than IgM antibodies were present in serum. The sensitivity of IgA detection was higher than that of IgM detection for secondary EV‐A71 infections. These results suggest that the detection of EV‐A71‐specific IgA in the saliva allows the effective early diagnosis of EV‐A71 and may be suitable for detecting EV‐A71 infections in children.
Corrosion of hot‐dip‐galvanised steel and zinc alloy‐coated steel in ammonia and ammonium chloride
Authors: Thierry Dominique , Le Bozec Nathalie , Persson Dan
Published: January 2020

There are many potential causes of corrosion in animal buildings. Animals exhale large quantities of moisture into the air creating high relative humidity in the building if the moisture is not properly vented. High humidity increases the potential for condensation. In addition, ammonia may be found in large quantities in animal buildings. Ammonia is released from manure and urine. In addition, ammonium chloride is used as a nitrogen source in fertilisers. In this study, the atmospheric corrosion of hot‐dip‐galvanised steel and zinc alloy‐coated steel such as zinc–aluminium and zinc–aluminium–magnesium has been studied in atmospheres containing different levels of ammonia. Investigations have also been conducted at different levels of ammonium chloride. The results are discussed in view of the mechanisms of corrosion of zinc and zinc alloy‐coated steel in ammonia and ammonium chloride‐containing environments.
An evaluation of Acacia mearnsii tannin as an aluminum corrosion inhibitor in acid, alkaline, and neutral media
Authors: Rodrigues Silvia R. S. , Dalmoro Viviane , dos Santos João H. Z.
Published: January 2020

The electrochemical behavior of aluminum in tannin from Acacia mearnsii bark was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in media under three different pH conditions: acid, alkaline, and neutral. A relationship among pH, polymerization grade (PG), zeta potential, surface, and electrochemical properties was observed in the inhibition performance of the tannin. At high pH, the oligomer structure of the tannin was affected, resulting in a low PG (4) and high zeta potential (−75 mV), and consequently, the inhibition efficiency decreased (68%) in comparison with that in acid (99%) and neutral media (96%). The values obtained indicate a physisorption mechanism for the aluminum corrosion inhibition in the studied conditions.
Effect of cutting process on the stress corrosion susceptibility of AISI 304L stainless steel
Authors: Suma M. J. , Mahadevan S. , Toppo Anita , Albert Shaju K. , Kumar S. Arun
Published: January 2020

During manufacturing of a component, cutting, turning, grinding, and milling operations are inevitable and these operations induce surface residual stresses. In this study, it is shown that, depending on the process employed for cutting, residual stresses generated at the cut surfaces can vary widely and they can, in turn, make the cut surfaces of austenitic stainless steel (SS) prone to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). An austenitic SS 304L plate was cut using three different procesess: bandsaw cutting, cutting using the cut‐off wheel, and shearing. Surface residual stress measurement using the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique is carried out close to the cutting edges and on the cross‐section. SCC susceptibility studies were carried out as per ASTM G36 in 45% boiling magnesium chloride solution. Optical microscopic examination showed the presence of cracks, and confocal microscopy was used to measure the depth of cracks. The study confirmed that high tensile residual stresses present in the cut surfaces produced by cut‐off wheel and shear cutting make the surfaces susceptible to SCC while the surfaces produced by bandsaw cutting are resistant to SCC. Hence, it is shown that there is a definite risk of SCC for product forms of austenitic SS with cut surfaces produced using cutting processes that generate high tensile residual stresses stored for a long period of time in a susceptible environment.
Clinical and genetic analysis of ATP13A2 in hereditary spastic paraplegia expands the phenotype
Authors: Estiar Mehrdad A. , Leveille Etienne , Spiegelman Dan , Dupre Nicolas , Trempe Jean-François , Rouleau Guy A. , Gan‐Or Ziv
Published: January 2020

Background

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by lower limb spasticity and weakness, with or without additional symptoms. Mutations in ATP13A2, known to cause Kufor–Rakeb syndrome (KRS), have been recently implicated in HSP.

Methods

Whole‐exome sequencing was done in a Canada‐wide HSP cohort.

Results

Three additional patients with homozygous ATP13A2 mutations were identified, representing 0.7% of all HSP families. Spastic paraplegia was the predominant feature, all patients suffered from psychiatric symptoms, and one patient had developed seizures. Of the identified mutations, c.2126G>C;(p.[Arg709Thr]) is novel, c.2158G>T;(p.[Gly720Trp]) has not been reported in ATP13A2‐related diseases, and c.2473_2474insAAdelC;p.[Leu825Asnfs*32]) has been previously reported in KRS but not in HSP. Structural analysis of the mutations suggested a disruptive effect, and enrichment analysis suggested the potential involvement of specific pathways.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that in HSP patients with psychiatric symptoms, ATP13A2 mutations should be suspected, especially if they also have extrapyramidal symptoms.
Effect of Structural Descriptors on the Design of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors Using Similarity‐based Molecular Evolution
Authors: Kawai Kentaro , Karuo Yukiko , Tarui Atsushi , Sato Kazuyuki , Omote Masaaki
Published: January 2020

In this study, we evaluated the effect of structural descriptors on the in silico design of bioactive compounds. The authors have proposed a molecular design technique for designing new bioactive compounds. In this approach, known fragments are combined to generate new structures, which are evolved to increase the similarity to a known active compound. We generated the structure of CDK2 inhibitors using four descriptors (three binary fingerprints and a numerical vector) to evaluate the effect of descriptors on the molecular design. Subsequently, the physicochemical properties of the generated compounds were compared and evaluated from a similarity viewpoint. As a result, it was clarified that better structures can be generated by using descriptors consisting of numerical vectors rather than binary fingerprints. Moreover, the compound generated using the numerical vector or a long‐bit fingerprint resulted in favorable docking scores. Although binary fingerprints such as MACCS are widely used in this field, this result shows that it is important to use numeric vectors, or at least to use long‐bit fingerprints, to design drug‐like CDK2 inhibitors by the similarity‐based structure generation.
A finite difference scheme for the nonlinear time‐fractional partial integro‐differential equation
Authors: Guo Jing , Xu Da , Qiu Wenlin
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a finite difference scheme is proposed for solving the nonlinear time‐fractional integro‐differential equation. This model involves two nonlocal terms in time, ie, a Caputo time‐fractional derivative and an integral term with memory. The existence of numerical solutions is shown by the Leray‐Schauder theorem. And we obtain the discrete L2 stability and convergence with second order in time and space by the discrete energy method. Then the uniqueness of numerical solutions is derived. Moreover, an iterative algorithm is designed for solving the derived nonlinear system. Numerical examples are presented to validate the theoretical findings and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
The associations among parental warmth and hostility and student engagement in math and the mediating role of effortful control among Chinese children
Authors: Tian Qian , Chen Bin‐Bin
Published: January 2020

The associations among parenting behaviors, effortful control, and student engagement in math were examined in a sample of Chinese children. The sample was composed of 778 students (Mage = 10.43 years, SD = 0.99) from Grades 4 to 6 in Shanghai, China. Children completed questionnaires to assess parental warmth and hostility, effortful control, and student engagement in math. The results indicated that parental warmth was positively correlated with math engagement whereas parental hostility was negatively correlated with math engagement. In addition, mediational analyses indicated that effortful control fully mediated the association between parental hostility and math engagement, but partially mediated the association between parental warmth and math engagement. This study offers insights into a mediating mechanism linking the relationships among parenting behaviors, effortful control, and math engagement.
Event‐triggered distributed model predictive control with optimal network topology
Authors: Wei Yongsong , Li Shaoyuan , Wu Jing
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we consider a novel iterative DMPC (distributed model predictive control) scheme for linear discrete‐time systems which are connected by network. Every system is dynamically coupled to neighbors. The proposed method can reduce the communication load without degrading performance compared to cooperative DMPC by sensitivity and information topology analysis. The proposed algorithms are applied in a four‐water‐tanks numerical example, and the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Zebrafish Embryos Allow Prediction of Nanoparticle Circulation Times in Mice and Facilitate Quantification of Nanoparticle–Cell Interactions
Authors: Dal Nils‐Jørgen Knudsen , Kocere Agnese , Wohlmann Jens , Van Herck Simon , Bauer Tobias A. , Resseguier Julien , Bagherifam Shahla , Hyldmo Hilde , Barz Matthias , De Geest Bruno G. , Fenaroli Federico
Published: January 2020

The zebrafish embryo is a vertebrate well suited for visualizing nanoparticles at high resolution in live animals. Its optical transparency and genetic versatility allow noninvasive, real‐time observations of vascular flow of nanoparticles and their interactions with cells throughout the body. As a consequence, this system enables the acquisition of quantitative data that are difficult to obtain in rodents. Until now, a few studies using the zebrafish model have only described semiquantitative results on key nanoparticle parameters. Here, a MACRO dedicated to automated quantitative methods is described for analyzing important parameters of nanoparticle behavior, such as circulation time and interactions with key target cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Direct comparison of four nanoparticle (NP) formulations in zebrafish embryos and mice reveals that data obtained in zebrafish can be used to predict NPs' behavior in the mouse model. NPs having long or short blood circulation in rodents behave similarly in the zebrafish embryo, with low circulation times being a consequence of NP uptake into macrophages or endothelial cells. It is proposed that the zebrafish embryo has the potential to become an important intermediate screening system for nanoparticle research to bridge the gap between cell culture studies and preclinical rodent models such as the mouse.
Ertüchtigung der Rheinbrücke Maxau – Teil 1
Authors: Maier Dietmar H. , Würfel Till , Katzik Walter , Scherer Mathias
Published: January 2020

Nach einem kurzen Rückblick auf die Vorgängerbauwerke der Rheinbrücke Maxau wird das aktuelle Bauwerk eingehend beschrieben. Im Rahmen der Ertüchtigungsplanung war eine Nachrechnung der Brücke gemäß Nachrechnungsrichtlinie durchzuführen. Die Anforderungen, die sich bei der Anwendung eines modernen Regelwerks ergeben, stellen eine große Hürde für den Nachweis bestehender Brücken dar. Durch differenzierte weiterführende Betrachtungen konnten kritische Nachweise erbracht werden. Überlegungen hinsichtlich der Risse in der Fahrbahnkonstruktion führten zur Entscheidung, die Fahrbahn für eine dauerhafte Nutzung zu ertüchtigen. Die Grundgedanken hierzu werden aufgeführt. Eingehend wird die Ertüchtigung der Fahrbahn in einem folgenden zweiten Teil beschrieben.
Probing typical black hole microstates
Authors: de Boer Jan , van Breukelen Rik , Lokhande Sagar F. , Papadodimas Kyriakos , Verlinde Erik
Published: January 2020

Abstract

We investigate the possibility that the geometry dual to a typical AdS black hole microstate corresponds to the extended AdS-Schwarzschild geometry, including a region spacelike to the exterior. We argue that this region can be described by the mirror operators, a set of state-dependent operators in the dual CFT. We probe the geometry of a typical state by considering state-dependent deformations of the CFT Hamiltonian, which have an interpretation as a one-sided analogue of the Gao-Jafferis-Wall traversable wormhole protocol for typical states. We argue that the validity of the conjectured bulk geometry requires that out-of-time-order correlators of simple CFT operators on typical pure states must exhibit the same chaotic effects as thermal correlators at scrambling time. This condition is related to the question of whether the product of operators separated by scrambling time obey the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis. We investigate some of these statements in the SYK model and discuss similarities with state-dependent perturba- tions of pure states in the SYK model previously considered by Kourkoulou and Maldacena. Finally, we discuss how the mirror operators can be used to implement an analogue of the Hayden-Preskill protocol.
On subregion action complexity in AdS3 and in the BTZ black hole
Authors: Auzzi Roberto , Baiguera Stefano , Legramandi Andrea , Nardelli Giuseppe , Roy Pratim , Zenoni Nicolò
Published: January 2020

Abstract

We analytically compute subsystem action complexity for a segment in the BTZ black hole background up to the finite term, and we find that it is equal to the sum of a linearly divergent term proportional to the size of the subregion and of a term proportional to the entanglement entropy. This elegant structure does not survive to more complicated geometries: in the case of a two segments subregion in AdS3, complexity has additional finite contributions. We give analytic results for the mutual action complexity of a two segments subregion.
Effect of sample orientation on the microstructure and microhardness of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg processed by high-pressure torsion
Authors: Yusuf Shahir Mohd , Hoegden Mathias , Gao Nong
Published: January 2020

For the first time, high-pressure torsion (HPT) was applied to additively manufactured AlSi10Mg built in two directions (vertical and horizontal) by selective laser melting (SLM), and the influence of extreme torsional strain on the porosity, microstructure and microhardness of the alloy was investigated. ImageJ analysis indicates that significant porosity reduction is achieved by 1/4 HPT revolution (low strain). Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations reveal the steady distortion and elongation of the melt pools, the continuous elongation of the cellular-dendritic Al matrix and breakage of the eutectic Si phase network with increased HPT revolutions. Microhardness measurements indicate that despite the significant increase in hardness attained from HPT processing, hardness saturation and microstructural homogeneity are not achieved even after 10 HPT revolutions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) line broadening analysis demonstrates increased dislocation densities with increased HPT revolutions, which contributes to the considerably higher hardness values compared to as-received samples.
Lipidomic profiling of non-mineralized dental plaque and biofilm by untargeted UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and SWATH acquisition
Authors: Drotleff Bernhard , Roth Simon R. , Henkel Kerstin , Calderón Carlos , Schlotterbeck Jörg , Neukamm Merja A. , Lämmerhofer Michael
Published: January 2020

Dental plaque is a structurally organized biofilm which consists of diverse microbial colonies and extracellular matrix. Its composition may change when pathogenic microorganisms become dominating. Therefore, dental biofilm or plaque has been frequently investigated in the context of oral health and disease. Furthermore, its potential as an alternative matrix for analytical purposes has also been recognized in other disciplines like archeology, food sciences, and forensics. Thus, a careful in-depth characterization of dental plaque is worthwhile. Most of the conducted studies focused on the screening of microbial populations in dental plaque. Their lipid membranes, on the other hand, may significantly impact substance (metabolite) exchange within microbial colonies as well as xenobiotics uptake and incorporation into teeth. Under this umbrella, a comprehensive lipidomic profiling for determination of lipid compositions of in vivo dental plaque samples and of in vitro cultivated biofilm as surrogate matrix to be used for analytical purposes has been performed in this work. An untargeted lipidomics workflow utilizing a ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-quadrupole-time-of-flight (QTOF) platform together with comprehensive SWATH (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra) acquisition and compatible software (MS-DIAL) that comprises a vast lipid library has been adopted to establish an extensive lipidomic fingerprint of dental plaque. The main lipid components in dental plaque were identified as triacylglycerols, followed by cholesterol, cholesteryl esters as well as diacylglycerols, and various phospholipid classes. In vivo plaque is a rare matrix which is usually available in very low amounts. When higher quantities for specific research assays are required, efficient ways to produce an appropriate surrogate matrix are mandatory. A potential surrogate matrix substituting dental plaque was prepared by cultivation of in vitro biofilm from saliva and similarities and differences in the lipidomics profile to in vivo plaque were mapped by statistical evaluation post-analysis. It was discovered that most lipid classes were highly elevated in the in vitro biofilm samples, in particular diacylglycerols, phosphatidylglycerols, and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs). Furthermore, an overall shift from even-chain lipid species to odd-chain lipids was observed in the cultivated biofilms. On the other hand, even-chain phosphatidylcholines (PCs), lysoPCs, cholesteryl esters, and cholesterol-sulfate were shown to be specifically increased in plaque samples.
Head and neck cancer in Styria
Authors: Vasicek Sarah M. , Pondorfer Prisca , Holzmeister Clemens , Graupp Matthias , Weiland Thomas , Wolf Axel , Moser Ulrich , Wild Dominik , Thurnher Dietmar
Published: January 2020

Background

The outcome of patients with cancer of the head and neck is significantly improved by increased interdisciplinary cooperation. The main focus of this study was a comparison of epidemiologic factors (age, sex, origin, staging) of patients with head and neck cancer in Styria, with those for patients throughout Austria.

Methods

A retrospective data analysis of collected archived tumor board protocols of the Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Graz included the patient’s age, sex, area of residence, TNM stage, reasons for inoperability, comorbidities and performance status by ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group), was performed. This study focuses on 340 patients who presented with a head and neck malignancy for the first time.

Results

In the period from January 2014 to December 2015 a total of 252 men (74.1%) and 88 women (25.9%) with malignant head and neck tumors, were presented in the tumor board for the first time. The mean age at diagnosis was 63.4 years. In 45.5% the patients already demonstrated advanced tumor stages (T4 = 27.9%, T3 = 17.6%). Most newly diagnosed neoplasms were cancers of the oropharynx (24.1%), larynx (19.4%) and oral cavity (18.8%) and 36.5% were considered to be inoperable. Curative and palliative treatments were initiated in 83.2% and 16.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

The region of south Styria showed a higher incidence of T3 and T4 tumors of the oropharynx than the average Austrian population. Measures to increase awareness of this problem should be initiated to support general otorhinolaryngologists and general practitioners in detecting oropharyngeal cancers at an earlier stage.
Relationships among white-tailed deer density, harvest, and landscape metrics in TN, USA
Authors: Adams Heidi L. , Kissell Robert E. , Ratajczak Daryl , Warr Edward L. , Applegate Roger D. , Barrett Lynn , Lavacot Tabitha , Graves David
Published: January 2020

Landscape and harvest indices are frequently used to represent white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) density. However, the relationship between deer density and specific landscape indices is unclear. Harvest is another metric often used to estimate deer density. Our objective was to model the relationship among deer density, landscape metrics, and harvest density of deer in TN, USA. We estimated deer density across 11 regions in 2011 using distance sampling techniques. We developed 18 a priori models to assess relationships among deer density, harvest density, and landscape metrics. Estimates of deer density ranged from 1.85 to 19.99 deer/km2. Deer density was best predicted by harvest density and harvest density + percent woody area. However, harvest density was the only important variable in predicting deer density (Σωi = 0.700). Results of this study emphasize the significance of harvest density in deer management. While the importance of harvest as a management tool for deer is likely to increase as landscapes are fragmented and urbanized, specific management guidelines should be based upon deer densities and landscape metrics when they are important.
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a Scoping Review of Extant Empirical Literature
Authors: Hearne Evelyn , Wazaify Mayyada , Van Hout Marie Claire , Atkinson Amanda , McVeigh Jim
Published: January 2020

The use of image- and performance-enhancing drugs particularly anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) is not a new phenomenon. AAS use is not limited to athletes, with mainstream populations using these drugs for aesthetic purposes. Prevalence has been predominantly in Western countries, with some recent studies indicating a rise in popularity in the Eastern Mediterranean region. A scoping review of extant empirical literature from the Eastern Mediterranean region described and mapped what is known about the extent of AAS in the region. Four themes emerged from the review: (1) profile of AAS users; (2) AAS within gymnasium practice; (3) AAS regimes of use; and (4) knowledge and understanding of the AAS concept and related adverse effects. The review highlights a relatively new phenomenon of AAS use in the Eastern Mediterranean. The review underscores the need to carry out further research, particularly qualitative and quantitative studies with both genders, and cognisant of the complexities of culture and religiosity.
Uncovering Hidden Curricula: Use of Dark Humor in Anatomy Labs and its Implications for Basic Sciences Education
Authors: Dueñas Angelique N. , Kirkness Karen , Finn Gabrielle M.
Published: January 2020

Humor is subjective within most settings, but within the anatomy laboratory, it is likely to be significantly more contentious. While humor may be considered a component of the hidden curriculum of medical education, it has yet to be studied specifically from a basic sciences perspective. This study sought to understand if, when, how, and why humor may be used in anatomy labs and the implications this may have in basic sciences education. A survey consisting of demographic and qualitative items was designed to sample widely from academics, students, and health professionals with anatomy laboratory experience. A total of 185 respondents, representing 9 countries participated following purposive sampling and snowball recruitment. Findings of significance were 72% of respondents who had experienced dark humor within the anatomy lab. Themes identified from free-text pertained to the use of internal and external barometers to ascertain the appropriateness of humorous remarks and the use of humor as a mechanism for diffusing stress. Polarity in responses concerning the acceptability of dark humor and rude mnemonics was also observed. This study highlighted that while dark humor may be a perceived tension release, many individuals make use of very specific internalized gauges to determine when and what humor may be appropriate. The data emphasized the need for not only future humanistic-focused anatomy but also basic sciences, education research, to better understand and have ideal educational experiences for all. Finally, this study provided further evidence of the impact of the hidden curriculum associated with the use of humor within educational and professional settings.
On the bilinear control of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation
Authors: Chambrion Thomas , Thomann Laurent
Published: January 2020

In this paper we study the bilinear-control problem for the linear and non-linear Schrödinger equation with harmonic potential. By the means of different examples, we show how space-time smoothing effects (Strichartz estimates, Kato smoothing effect) enjoyed by the linear flow, can help to prove obstructions to controllability.
Did DI do it? The impact of a programme designed to improve literacy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students in remote schools
Authors: Guenther John , Osborne Samuel
Published: January 2020

Abstract Over the 10 years of ‘Closing the Gap’, several interventions designed to improve outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students have been trialled. In 2014 the Australian Government announced the ‘Flexible Literacy for Remote Primary Schools Programme’ (FLFRPSP) which was designed primarily to improve the literacy outcomes of students in remote schools with mostly Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students. The programme, using Direct Instruction (DI) or Explicit Direct Instruction, was extended to 2019 with more than $30 million invested. By 2017, 34 remote schools were participating in the Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia. This paper analyses My School data for 25 ‘very remote’ FLFRPSP schools with more than 80% Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander students. It considers Year 3 and 5 NAPLAN reading results and attendance rates for participating and non-participating primary schools in the 3 years before the programme's implementation and compares them with results since. Findings show that, compared to very remote schools without FLFRPSP, the programme has not improved students' literacy abilities and results. Attendance rates for intervention schools have declined faster than for non-intervention schools. The paper questions the ethics of policy implementation and the role of evidence as a tool for accountability.
d-Auslander–Reiten sequences in subcategories
Authors: Fedele Francesca
Published: January 2020

Let Φ be a finite-dimensional algebra over a field k. Kleiner described the Auslander–Reiten sequences in a precovering extension closed subcategory ${\rm {\cal X}}\subseteq {\rm mod }\,\Phi $. If $X\in \mathcal {X}$ is an indecomposable such that ${\rm Ext}_\Phi ^1 (X,{\rm {\cal X}})\ne 0$ and $\zeta X$ is the unique indecomposable direct summand of the $\mathcal {X}$-cover $g:Y\to D\,{\rm Tr}\,X$ such that ${\rm Ext}_\Phi ^1 (X,\zeta X)\ne 0$, then there is an Auslander–Reiten sequence in $\mathcal {X}$ of the form
$${\rm \epsilon }:0\to \zeta X\to {X}^{\prime}\to X\to 0.$$Moreover, when ${\rm En}{\rm d}_\Phi (X)$ modulo the morphisms factoring through a projective is a division ring, Kleiner proved that each non-split short exact sequence of the form
$$\delta :0\to Y\to {Y}^{\prime}\buildrel \eta \over \longrightarrow X\to 0$$is such that η is right almost split in $\mathcal {X}$, and the pushout of δ along g gives an Auslander–Reiten sequence in ${\rm mod}\,\Phi $ ending at X.

In this paper, we give higher-dimensional generalizations of this. Let $d\geq 1$ be an integer. A d-cluster tilting subcategory ${\rm {\cal F}}\subseteq {\rm mod}\,\Phi $ plays the role of a higher ${\rm mod}\,\Phi $. Such an $\mathcal {F}$ is a d-abelian category, where kernels and cokernels are replaced by complexes of d objects and short exact sequences by complexes of d + 2 objects. We give higher versions of the above results for an additive ‘d-extension closed’ subcategory $\mathcal {X}$ of $\mathcal {F}$.
Decoding Publication Records: Ruptures and Continuities in 1940s Taiwanese Literary History
Authors: Dluhošová Táňa
Published: January 2020

This study identifies and interprets dominant developments in the Taiwanese literary field by examining data included in publication catalogs of literary journals and supplements from 1940 to 1953. Utilizing social network analysis, it focuses on both ruptures caused by crucial political events and continuities that spanned these ruptures. The study revisits central tenets of Taiwanese literary history and, by seeking to articulate structuring principles, also unveils new perspectives on how to map and interpret the dynamics of literary systems and the ways in which they mesh with society. It thereby exemplifies how digital humanities can guide researchers toward new historical insights.
Long-Run Impacts of Agricultural Shocks on Educational Attainment: Evidence from the Boll Weevil
Authors: Baker Richard B. , Blanchette John , Eriksson Katherine
Published: January 2020

The boll weevil spread across the South from 1892 to 1922 with devastating effect on cotton cultivation. The resulting shift away from this child labor–intensive crop lowered the opportunity cost of school attendance. We investigate the insect’s long-run effect on educational attainment using a sample of adults from the 1940 census linked back to their childhood census records. Both white and black children who were young (ages 4 to 9) when the weevil arrived saw increased educational attainment by 0.24 to 0.36 years. Our results demonstrate the potential for conflict between child labor in agriculture and educational attainment.
Negotiating teacher identity: Experiences of Black teachers of English in Korean ELT
Authors: Choe Hohsung , Seo Youngjoo
Published: January 2020

Most recent research on teacher identity in the TESOL field has focused on how non-native English-speaking teachers (non-NESTs) view and position themselves vis-à-vis native English-speaking teachers (NESTs), and which factors influence their construction of their professional identities. However, the perceived native speaker/non-native speaker (NS–NNS) dichotomy greatly oversimplifies a complicated phenomenon by representing it as solely linguistic and disregarding sociocultural and political issues. Beyond the question of nativeness versus non-nativeness, race, ethnicity, nationality, and cultural identity have played key roles in how teachers position themselves within English language teaching (ELT). These other factors may be critical in how others judge the capability of a teacher of English and authenticity of his/her English.
Urban history ‘on the go’: discovering and developing Leicester's cultural quarter
Authors: Hartshorne Sally Ann
Published: January 2020

Using Leicester's de-industrialized St George's area as a case-study, this article discusses three projects, all of which involved an academic team, including urban historians, working with a range of non-academic partners, in order to uncover the history and heritage of this part of the city in order to support the regeneration of the area. The first two of these projects leveraged digital media to engage public audiences, while the third used a more ‘traditional’ set of interpretation panels, removing the requirement for specific technology in order to access information as they passed along the street.
OntoScene, A Logic-Based Scene Interpreter: Implementation and Application in the Rock Art Domain
Authors: BRIOLA DANIELA , MASCARDI VIVIANA , GIOSEFFI MASSIMILIANO
Published: January 2020

We present OntoScene, a framework aimed at understanding the semantics of visual scenes starting from the semantics of their elements and the spatial relations holding between them. OntoScene exploits ontologies for representing knowledge and Prolog for specifying the interpretation rules that domain experts may adopt, and for implementing the SceneInterpreter engine. Ontologies allow the designer to formalize the domain in a reusable way and make the system modular and interoperable with existing multiagent systems, while Prolog provides a solid basis to define complex rules of interpretation in a way that can be affordable even for people with no background in Computational Logics. The domain selected for experimenting OntoScene is that of prehistoric rock art, which provides us with a fascinating and challenging testbed.
Solving Advanced Argumentation Problems with Answer Set Programming
Authors: BREWKA GERHARD , DILLER MARTIN , HEISSENBERGER GEORG , LINSBICHLER THOMAS , WOLTRAN STEFAN
Published: January 2020

Powerful formalisms for abstract argumentation have been proposed, among them abstract dialectical frameworks (ADFs) that allow for a succinct and flexible specification of the relationship between arguments and the GRAPPA framework which allows argumentation scenarios to be represented as arbitrary edge-labeled graphs. The complexity of ADFs and GRAPPA is located beyond NP and ranges up to the third level of the polynomial hierarchy. The combined complexity of Answer Set Programming (ASP) exactly matches this complexity when programs are restricted to predicates of bounded arity. In this paper, we exploit this coincidence and present novel efficient translations from ADFs and GRAPPA to ASP. More specifically, we provide reductions for the five main ADF semantics of admissible, complete, preferred, grounded, and stable interpretations, and exemplify how these reductions need to be adapted for GRAPPA for the admissible, complete, and preferred semantics.
Latent factors of adverse childhood experiences and adult-onset asthma
Authors: Ospina Maria B. , Serrano-Lomelin Jesus A. , Amjad Sana , Hicks Anne , Giesbrecht Gerald F.
Published: January 2020

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with complex etiology. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to asthma in adulthood. Underlying potential mechanisms for the ACE-asthma relationship include stress-induced inflammatory pathways and immune dysregulation. We conducted a cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the 2013 Alberta ACE Survey to explore the relationship between latent ACE factors and self-reported adult asthma. We evaluated the underlying correlation structure among eight different ACEs using exploratory factor analysis. We conducted a logistic regression model to evaluate whether ACE factors retained from the factor analysis predicted self-reported asthma in adulthood. Results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We analyzed ACE survey results from 1207 participants. Factor analysis yielded four ACE latent factors: factor 1/relational violence, factor 2/negative home environment, factor 3/illness at home, and factor 4/sexual abuse. Results of the logistic regression showed that experiencing sexual abuse (OR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.89, 5.23), relational violence (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.38), and being exposed to a negative home environment (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.35) were predictive of a diagnosis of asthma in adulthood, whereas living in a household with someone experiencing illness did not show an effect (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.75, 2.56). Factor analysis provides an effectual approach to understand the long-term impact of ACEs on respiratory health. Our findings have important implications to understand the developmental origins of asthma in adulthood and inform interventions aimed at reducing the lasting negative impact of childhood adversities on future respiratory health.
The New Deal, the Deserving Poor, and the First Public Housing Residents in New York City
Authors: Allen Ryan , Van Riper David
Published: January 2020

Between 1934 and the time of the 1940 Census, the US government built and leased 30,151 units of public housing, but we know little about the residents who benefited from this housing. We use a unique methodology that compares addresses of five public housing developments to complete-count data from the 1940 Census to identify residents of public housing in New York City at the time of the census. We compare these residents to the larger pool of residents living in New York City in 1940 who were eligible to apply for the housing to assess how closely housing authorities adhered to the intent of the National Industrial Recovery Act (1933) and the Housing Act of 1937. This comparison produces a picture of whom public housing administrators considered deserving of this public benefit at the dawn of the public housing program in the United States. Results indicate a shift toward serving households with lower incomes over time. All the developments had a consistent preference for households with a “nuclear family” structure, but policies favoring racial segregation and other discretion on the part of housing authorities for tenant selection created distinct populations across housing developments. Households headed by a naturalized citizen were favored over households headed by a native-born citizen in nearly all the public housing projects. This finding suggests a more nuanced understanding of who public housing administrators considered deserving of the first public housing than archival research accounts had previously indicated.
First Paleomagnetic Result From the Early Permian Volcanic Rocks in Northeastern Mongolia: Evolutional Implication for the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean
Authors: Zhao Pan , Appel Erwin , Xu Bei , Sukhbaatar Turbold
Published: January 2020

The Mongolia Block (MOB), which is now sandwiched by the Siberia Craton (SIB) and the North China Craton (NCC), plays an essential role for understanding the late stage evolution of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and the early stage evolution of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean. Here, a paleomagnetic study is performed for the first time on the Early Permian volcanic strata in the Bayandun region of northeastern Mongolia and the data are used to uncover the late Paleozoic paleoposition of the MOB and better understand the evolution of both oceans. Zircon U‐Pb dating results reveal an emplacement age of 283 ± 3 Ma for the studied volcanic strata. Rock magnetic analyses identify that titanium‐poor magnetite is the main magnetic carrier. Characteristic remanent magnetization isolated from seven sites shows consistent reverse polarity, corresponding to the Permo‐Carboniferous (Kiaman) Reverse Superchron. Site‐mean directions pass fold tests, and an Early Permian paleomagnetic pole is calculated for the MOB at λ/φ = −14.9°N/76.8°E (A95 = 5.7°) with N = 7 sites. Comparison with published Permian paleomagnetic poles from surrounding blocks indicates that (1) the MOB should have welded with the NCC before the Early Permian or was at least very close to it. (2) The welded MOB‐NCC was separated from the SIB by the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean with ~30° latitudinal difference during the Early Permian. (3) Significant vertical‐axis strike‐slip related rotations occurred within and along the margins of the unified MOB‐NCC due to the far‐field stress effect produced by posterior orogenic events.
A 100‐year Geoelectric Hazard Analysis for the U.S. High‐Voltage Power Grid
Authors: Lucas G. M. , Love J. J. , Kelbert A. , Bedrosian P. A. , Rigler E. J.
Published: January 2020

A once‐per‐century geoelectric hazard map is created for the U.S. high‐voltage power grid. A statistical extrapolation from 31 years of magnetic field measurements is made by identifying 84 geomagnetic storms with the Kp and Dst indices. Data from 24 geomagnetic observatories, 1,079 magnetotelluric survey sites, and 17,258 transmission lines are utilized to perform a geoelectric hazard analysis with the most comprehensive data publicly available. With these data, we estimate once‐per‐century geoelectric fields at the magnetotelluric survey sites and calculate the theoretical voltages within transmission lines in the U.S. power grid. Once‐per‐century geoelectric field strengths span more than 3 orders of magnitude from a minimum of 0.02 V/km at a site in Idaho to a maximum of 27.2 V/km at a site in Maine, with nearly 30% of the surveyed land area exceeding 1 V/km. We show the influence that geoelectric field polarization has on geoelectric hazards when viewed on a power transmission network. The calculated transmission line voltages can approach 1,000 V in some transmission lines. Four regions in the United States with particularly notable geoelectric hazards are identified and discussed: the East Coast, Pacific Northwest, Upper Midwest, and the Denver metropolitan area.
Detection of VLF Attenuation in the Earth‐Ionosphere Waveguide Caused by X‐Class Solar Flares Using aGlobal Lightning Location Network
Authors: Anderson T. S. , McCarthy M. P. , Holzworth R. H.
Published: January 2020

Solar flares, energetic particles, and Earth‐impacting coronal mass ejections enhance ionization in the lower ionosphere, inhibiting radio wave propagation in the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide (EIWG). This enhanced ionization is observed locally by ionosondes and GPS/GNSS receivers, but spatial coverage of these observations is limited by receiver location. Very low frequency (VLF) propagation studies have previously been performed to assess the impact of space weather on the EIWG; however, these studies are typically limited by small numbers of fixed VLF transmitters and receivers and observe only the region of the EIWG along propagation paths between transmitters and receivers. Here, we use global lightning as a VLF source and an existing lightning detection network as a receiver. By mapping sferic propagation paths between lightning strokes and numerous network stations and considering how this distribution of paths changes during solar events, we can identify attenuation regions in the EIWG caused by space weather. We describe the VLF response in the EIWG to two X‐class solar flares and compare mapped attenuation regions with those provided by the NOAA D‐Region Absorption Prediction model. The identified attenuation regions associated with these flares match the D‐Region Absorption Prediction‐predicted regions well in both spatial extent and onset timing. Measurements of VLF attenuation caused by solar flares can provide ground‐truth confirmation of modeled attenuation and can inform the detection efficiency of lightning location networks. This analysis also paves the way for real‐time VLF attenuation mapping in the EIWG.