bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Induced Hypertension for Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Gathier Celine S. , van den Bergh Walter M. , van der Jagt Mathieu , Verweij Bon H. , Dankbaar Jan Willem , Müller Marcella C. , Oldenbeuving Annemarie W. , Rinkel Gabriel J.E. , Slooter Arjen J.C. , Algra Ale , Kesecioglu Jozef , van der Schaaf Irene C. , Dammers Ruben , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Dirven Clemens M.F. , van Kooten Fop , van der Lugt Aad , Coert Bert A. , Horn Janneke , Vandertop W. Peter , Beute Gus N. , van der Pol Bram , Roks Gerwin , van Rooij Willem Jan J. , Sluzewski Menno
Published: November 2017

Background and Purpose—

Induced hypertension is widely used to treat delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but a literature review shows that its presumed effectiveness is based on uncontrolled case-series only. We here report clinical outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with DCI included in a randomized trial on the effectiveness of induced hypertension.

Methods—

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with clinical symptoms of DCI were randomized to induced hypertension or no induced hypertension. Risk ratios for poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >3) at 3 months, with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated and adjusted for age, clinical condition at admission and at time of DCI, and amount of blood on initial computed tomographic scan with Poisson regression analysis.

Results—

The trial aiming to include 240 patients was ended, based on lack of effect on cerebral perfusion and slow recruitment, when 21 patients had been randomized to induced hypertension, and 20 patients to no hypertension. With induced hypertension, the adjusted risk ratio for poor outcome was 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.6–1.8) and the risk ratio for serious adverse events 2.1 (95% confidence interval, 0.9–5.0).

Conclusions—

Before this trial, the effectiveness of induced hypertension for DCI in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients was unknown because current literature consists only of uncontrolled case series. The results from our premature halted trial do not add any evidence to support induced hypertension and show that this treatment can lead to serious adverse events.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01613235.
Executive Function Declines in the First 6 Months After a Transient Ischemic Attack or Transient Neurological Attack
Authors: van Rooij Frank G. , Plaizier Nicole O. , Vermeer Sarah E. , Góraj Bozena M. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Richard Edo , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Kessels Roy P.C. , van Dijk Ewoud J.
Published: November 2017

Background and Purpose—

Although by definition transient, both transient ischemic attack (TIA) and transient neurological attack (TNA) are associated with cognitive impairment. Determinants and course of cognitive function afterward are, however, unclear. We prospectively determined cognitive performance after TIA and TNA in relation to clinical diagnosis and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) results.

Methods—

TIA and TNA patients aged ≥45 years without prior stroke or dementia underwent comprehensive cognitive assessment and magnetic resonance imaging within 7 days after the qualifying event. Cognitive tests were repeated after 6 months. Domain-specific compound
z
scores based on the baseline mean and SD were calculated. Repeated-measures analysis was used to test for differences in domain-specific cognitive performance over time between DWI-positive and DWI-negative patients, as well as between TIA and TNA patients.

Results—

One hundred twenty-one patients were included (mean age (SD), 64.6 years (9.2 years), 60% TIA and 40% TNA) of whom 32 (26%) had a DWI lesion. Executive function performance decreased over time (mean change in compound score −0.23;
P
=0.01 adjusted for age, sex, education), whereas attention improved (0.11;
P
=0.02), and information processing speed and episodic memory remained unchanged. Patients with a DWI lesion had worse executive function at baseline than those without a DWI lesion (compound scores −0.26 versus 0.08;
P
=0.048), which persisted throughout the study period (
P
=0.04). Clinical diagnosis (TIA or TNA) was not related to cognitive function over time.

Conclusions—

Executive function declines during the first 6 months after TIA or TNA. Patients with an initial DWI lesion have persisting worse executive function than those without.
Responses to “Art, Society/Text: A Few Remarks on the Current Relations of the Class Struggle in the Fields of Literary Production and Literary Ideologies”
Authors: Benezra Karen
Published: November 2017

The present dossier compiles brief responses to the anonymously published “Art, Society/ Text: A Few remarks on the Current Relations of the Class Struggle in the Fields of Literary Production and Literary Ideologies” (1975), from five scholars working in the fields of philosophy, literary theory and Marxism, as well as Latin American and Asian studies. First published in the Slovenian journal Problemi-Razprave (Problems-Debates) and first translated in an excerpted form in ARTMargins (October 2016), the text and its responses raise a series of questions about the specificity of art and literature as signifying practices in the wake of modernist autonomy; the form assumed by class struggle within the authors' structuralist framework; and the possible consequences of such theoretical issues for the critique and historiography of art since the 1960s.
Modelling Evolutionary Algorithms with Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Heredia Jorge Pérez
Published: November 2017

There has been renewed interest in modelling the behaviour of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) by more traditional mathematical objects, such as ordinary differential equations or Markov chains. The advantage is that the analysis becomes greatly facilitated due to the existence of well established methods. However, this typically comes at the cost of disregarding information about the process. Here, we introduce the use of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) for the study of EAs. SDEs can produce simple analytical results for the dynamics of stochastic processes, unlike Markov chains which can produce rigorous but unwieldy expressions about the dynamics. On the other hand, unlike ordinary differential equations (ODEs), they do not discard information about the stochasticity of the process.

We show that these are especially suitable for the analysis of fixed budget scenarios and present analogues of the additive and multiplicative drift theorems from runtime analysis. In addition, we derive a new more general multiplicative drift theorem that also covers non-elitist EAs. This theorem simultaneously allows for positive and negative results, providing information on the algorithm's progress even when the problem cannot be optimised efficiently. Finally, we provide results for some well-known heuristics namely Random Walk (RW), Random Local Search (RLS), the (1+1) EA, the Metropolis Algorithm (MA), and the Strong Selection Weak Mutation (SSWM) algorithm.
Forming Judgements and Contributing to Debates: Religion and Contemporary Society
Authors: Carmichael Lucas
Published: November 2017

This essay explores the materials, assignments, and approaches of a lower-division introductory undergraduate course, Religion and Contemporary Society. Based on my experiences at the University of Colorado at Boulder, I propose that, with support, sustained engagement with theory enriches more traditional approaches by cultivating critical thinking skills and inviting undergraduate students to learn about and participate in ongoing conversations and debates in the academic study of religion.
Semantics and the Study of Religion
Authors: Davis G. Scott
Published: November 2017

This essay argues that the approach to meaning articulated by Donald Davidson supplies all the student of religion needs to know about this subject. By focusing on interpretation as understood by Davidson, we can understand, for example, the beliefs and practices of a people such as the Dogon of Mali. By adding to this the evidence of ethnography and history, students of religion can give a compelling account of change and adjudicate between competing analyses.
Description of two smallest field crickets from South America, Laureopsis nauta Jaiswara gen. nov., sp. nov. and Perugryllus estiron Jaiswara gen. nov., sp. nov. (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Gryllidae, Gryllinae)
Authors: JAISWARA RANJANA , DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS LAURE
Published: November 2017

Gryllinae are one of the most diverse and widely distributed cricket groups. However, in South America they are known only from 10 genera. We update this list by describing two new genera and species of field crickets i.e. Laureopsis nauta Jaiswara gen. nov., sp. nov. and Perugryllus estiron Jaiswara gen. nov., sp. nov. from Peru.
A new endemic species of Willowsia from Florida (USA) and descriptive notes on all New World Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae)
Authors: KATZ ARON D.
Published: November 2017

Four species of Willowsia have been reported from the Americas (W. buski, W. jacobsoni, W. mexicana, and W. nigromaculata), and to date, W. mexicana is the only member of the genus endemic to the New World. Here, Willowsia pyrrhopygia sp. nov. from Florida is described. Like W. mexicana, this new species has a native New World distribution and uninterrupted rib scale type, but can be separated by color pattern and chaetotaxy. Dorsal head chaetotaxy and other descriptive notes are provided to compliment to descriptions for W. buski, W. jacobsoni, W. mexicana, and W. nigromaculata. Comparative morphological analysis also reveals two unique character states among Entomobryinae—the outer maxillary lobe with two (not three) sublobal hairs and the absence of labial triangle seta r—shared only by endemic New World Willowsia and Americabrya, providing preliminary support for their independent evolution from a common New World ancestor.
Relocation of Alona manueli Sinev & Zawisza 2013 and a new closely related species from the Ecuadorian Andes to the new genus Alpinalona (Cladocera, Chydoridae, Aloninae)
Authors: ALONSO MIGUEL , SINEV ARTEM Y.
Published: November 2017

Alpinalona gen. nov. is described for two species found in high altitude localities of continental North America and South America: Alona manueli (Sinev & Zawisza, 2013) from the Neovolcanic Mexican Axis and Alpinalona cajasi gen. et sp. nov from El Cajas National Park (Ecuador). The new genus is separated from Hexalona and allies by the absence of limb VI and filter plate V;  from Anthalona, Coronatella and the elegans-group by having seven setae on exopodite III, and by the presence of a well-developed seta 1 on the IDL of limb III; from Alona s. str. (quadrangularis-group) and Ovalona, by two main head pores, lateral head pores located close to main pores, and by a bilobed exopodite V; from Ovalona by the presence of seta (i) and inner setae 2–3 on limb I, and setae 4–5 of exopodite III being of same size; and from Alona s. lato by weakly developed marginal denticles of postabdomen, clusters of thin setulae on ventral surface of limb I, and by plumose setae 5–6 of exopodite IV. Alpinalona cajasi sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from A. manueli by the following characteristics: prominent posterodorsal angle of carapace; broader headshield; longer PP distance; and postanal marginal denticles organized into groups.
3. Muscovy and the European Information Revolution: Creating the Mechanisms for Obtaining Foreign News
Authors: Waugh Daniel C. , Maier Ingrid
Published: November 2017

This deals with the systematic import of West European newspapers in the 17th century, made possible in part through the establishment of a regular courier service. The extent to which Muscovite Russia fully participated in this ‘information revolution’ that followed from the emergence of European modernity is to be debated. The imported newspapers were not for general distribution. They were, in fact, intelligence materials, with a readership strictly limited to the Tsar and his circle.
4. How Was Western Europe Informed about Muscovy? The Razin Rebellion in Focus
Authors: Maier Ingrid
Published: November 2017

This investigates how publishers managed to acquire the reports from Muscovy that ended up in their newspapers and how this news was then transmitted to the West. Maier pays particular attention to the Swedish diplomats who were likely involved in the process. She analyses this dissemination of information in the context of the media sensation that was the Razin Rebellion, which, according to the German press historian Martin Welke, was one of the most frequently reported subjects in the German-language press of the years 1670–71. This chapter showcases Maier’s impressive multi-national command of archives.
10. Communication and Official Enlightenment: The Journal of the Ministry of Public Education, 1834–1855
Authors: Basargina Ekaterina
Published: November 2017

Here, we turn to a 19th-century institution whose express purpose was to spread information (of an approved kind, at any rate): the Ministry of the Enlightenment. Basargina looks at how the Ministry developed its particular means, a journal, to reach its potential audiences directly. This journal provides a case study in such institutional communication in the interests of the cultural policies of the state.
11. Information in Plain Sight: The Formation of the Public Graphosphere
Authors: Franklin Simon
Published: November 2017

Franklin provides survey of the growth of the public ‘graphosphere’ in Russia from the late fifteenth century to the mid-nineteenth. The ‘graphosphere’ is the space of the visible word, the sum of the places where words are to be seen. Franklin considers when, how, and to some extent why a public ‘graphosphere’ emerged in Russia, the types of institutions and activities that facilitated or shaped (or inhibited) its formation, and the functions that its various components were intended to serve, as well as some of the ways in which it was perceived. His research varies from tombstones and inscribed monuments to shop signs, and considers some of the main institutional impulses for its various stages of development.
12. Experiencing Information: An Early Nineteenth-Century Stroll Along Nevskii Prospekt
Authors: Bowers Katherine
Published: November 2017

Bowers shifts the perspective from producers onto viewers, and discusses, on the basis of a close reading of visual and verbal responses to a particularly prominent public space (Nevskii Prospekt in St Petersburg in the 1830s and 1840s), aspects of the reception and perception of the urban display of information. Nevskii Prospekt is widely considered Russia’s most well-known boulevard. Bowers utilises eighteenth- and nineteenth-century artists’ renderings and writers’ sketches which generate ‘snapshots’—in a sense—of the street’s life, giving insight into its appearance before the development of photography. In particular, she uses Sadovnikov’s Panorama as a case study to enable close observation of the minutiae of shop signs, their placement, arrangement, contents, and aesthetic, harking back to Franklin’s investigation into the Russian graphosphere in chapter 11.
An Innovative Approach to Exploit the Reflection Spectroscopy of Liquid Characteristics
Authors: Pelta Ran , Granot Amihai , Ben-Dor Eyal
Published: November 2017

Reflection spectroscopy, in the visible–near-infrared–shortwave infrared region (Vis-NIR-SWIR, 350–2500 nm), is a useful technology to extract chemical and physical properties of materials, but might be useless in identifying the spectral features of transparent or dark opaque liquids. Low reflectance values of a liquid reduce the ability to identify characteristic absorption features at specific wavelengths in the reflectance spectrum. In this study, we present a rapid and easy-to-use method to increase the measured reflectance spectrum and expose characteristic absorption features of a liquid. This was done by mixing the liquid with a white enhanced substance (WES). For this purpose, we used aluminum oxide (Al2O3) powder—a very bright (high albedo) substance and featureless across the entire Vis-NIR-SWIR region. The reflectance spectrum of the mixture—liquid and WES—was measured using a spectroradiometer. This procedure enabled to identify characteristic spectral features of the liquids that would have not been observed in the reflectance spectrum measured from the liquid alone.
Preprocessing Tools Applied to Improve the Assessment of Aldrin Effects on Prostate Cancer Cells Using Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Olmos Víctor , Bedia Carmen , Tauler Romà , Juan Anna de
Published: November 2017

The study of pollutant effects on living organisms provides information about the possible biological and environmental response to a contaminant. Progression of prostate cancer may be related to exposure to pesticides or other chemical substances. In this work, the effect of the pesticide aldrin on human prostate cancer cells (DU145) is studied using Raman spectroscopy and chemometric techniques. Prostate cancer cell line DU145 has been exposed acutely the pesticide aldrin. Individual Raman spectra coming from control and treated cell populations have been acquired. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) has been used to assess differences among treated and control samples and to identify spectral biomarkers associated with pollutant stress. Some preprocessing methodologies have been tested in order to improve the capability of discrimination between fingerprints. Partial least squares discriminant analysis results suggest that the best normalization–scaling preprocessing combination is provided by Euclidean normalization (EN)-SIMPLISMA-based scaling (SBS). SIMPLISMA-based scaling has been proposed as a scaling method focused on the classification objective, which enhances variables with high relative variation among samples. The most relevant spectral variables related to aldrin effect on DU145 seem to be mainly related to lipids, proteins, and variations in nucleic acids.
Forensic Drug Identification, Confirmation, and Quantification Using Fully Integrated Gas Chromatography with Fourier Transform Infrared and Mass Spectrometric Detection (GC-FT-IR-MS)
Authors: Lanzarotta Adam , Lorenz Lisa , Voelker Sarah , Falconer Travis M. , Batson JaCinta S.
Published: November 2017

This manuscript is a continuation of a recent study that described the use of fully integrated gas chromatography with direct deposition Fourier transform infrared detection and mass spectrometric detection (GC-FT-IR-MS) to identify and confirm the presence of sibutramine and AB-FUBINACA. The purpose of the current study was to employ the GC-FT-IR portion of the same instrument to quantify these compounds, thereby demonstrating the ability to identify, confirm, and quantify drug substances using a single GC-FT-IR-MS unit. The performance of the instrument was evaluated by comparing quantitative analytical figures of merit to those measured using an established, widely employed method for quantifying drug substances, high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The results demonstrated that GC-FT-IR was outperformed by HPLC-UV with regard to sensitivity, precision, and linear dynamic range (LDR). However, sibutramine and AB-FUBINACA concentrations measured using GC-FT-IR were not significantly different at the 95% confidence interval compared to those measured using HPLC-UV, which demonstrates promise for using GC-FT-IR as a semi-quantitative tool at the very least. The most significant advantage of GC-FT-IR compared to HPLC-UV is selectivity; a higher level of confidence regarding the identity of the analyte being quantified is achieved using GC-FT-IR. Additional advantages of using a single GC-FT-IR-MS instrument for identification, confirmation, and quantification are efficiency, increased sample throughput, decreased consumption of laboratory resources (solvents, chemicals, consumables, etc.), and thus cost.
Unravelling ambivalence: A field-theoretical approach to moralised markets
Authors: Suckert Lisa
Published: November 2017

Moralised markets are often referred to as ethical consumption markets. They are supposed to relieve a source of major distress in capitalist societies: the conflict between morality and economy. But under what conditions do these markets grow, and when do they stagnate? Deviating from the dominant focus on external constraints, this article emphasises the intrinsic ambivalence of moralised markets. Being caught between moral and economic exigencies becomes an obstacle for market growth. The article addresses ‘unravelling ambivalence’ on two levels. First, a field-theoretical framework is used to unravel the concept of ambivalence. Inspired by Pierre Bourdieu, the article proposes introducing ambivalence as an analytical category in economic sociology. Second, a historic study based on correspondence analysis depicts the development of the German organic milk market. What distinguishes growth from stagnation is the degree of ambivalence within this market. Only if opposition is mitigated and ambivalence unravels into a more pluralistic field structure does the transition from niche to mass market become viable.
The Thessalonians Debate Revisited
Authors: Thurston Robert W.
Published: November 2017

The Book The Thessalonians Debate (Eerdmans, 2000) defined the Thessalonian problem, but without a real resolution except for showing that the central issue is 1 Thessalonians 2, which seems to contradict all the conventional rules of epistolary analysis. We see here that the solution is to be found in correcting a deficiency in the conventional methods of epistolary analysis. In 1 Thessalonians 2 the thanksgiving is interrupted by a reminder of Paul’s previous actions. This is followed by two more cycles of thanksgiving and reminders of Paul’s past actions. These cycles are seen as essentially defensive, and this interpretation is further supported by repeated appeals to God and also to the addressees themselves as witnesses to Paul’s integrity. The conclusion is that all of the peculiarities of 1 and 2 Thessalonians can be explained by the hypothesis that both epistles are authentic, but 2 Thessalonians is the earlier epistle. This hypothesis has previously been defended by numerous writers and a commentator. A recent analysis of the Thessalonian epistles by Bart Ehrman (2013) proposes an alternative explanation, but it is not tenable.
Choosing a Control Group for Displaced Workers
Authors: Krolikowski Pawel
Published: November 2017

The vast majority of studies on the earnings of displaced workers use a control group of never-displaced workers to examine the effects of initial displacement. This approach attributes earnings declines associated with all future job instability to the initial displacement event, overstating the losses relative to the average treatment effect. In this article, the author’s approach isolates the impact of an average displacement without conditioning on future displacement status in the control group. In comparisons of the standard and alternative approaches using Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data, the estimated long-run earnings losses fall dramatically from 25% to as low as 5%.
From the Borders of Russia to the Capital of China: Russian Astronomical Researches in China in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Feklova Tatiana Yu , Vekshina Natalia M.
Published: November 2017

This article deals with the history of the Russian Orthodox Mission in China, founded in Beijing in 1715, which existed until 1955. It played an important role in the development of Russian–Chinese relations. It also became a centre of China’s academic studies and the first training school for Russian sinologists. During the first half of the nineteenth century, China pursued an isolationist policy. Consequently, Russian scientists could only receive reliable information about China from members of the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing. This article focuses on the history of scientific cooperation between the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing during the nineteenth century, especially with regard to astronomical investigations.
Research on the Motion of Mars in the Sovereign Pole System (a.d. 600)
Authors: Tang Quan , Qu Anjing
Published: November 2017

The Sovereign Pole System (a.d. 600) is the first Chinese system to take account of the equation of centre for the sun and planets in the planetary theory. In this paper, we mainly discuss the motion of Mars in the Sovereign Pole System. First, we discuss the algorithm for calculating the time of Mars’ first appearance, especially we discuss the influence of the equation of centre for the sun and Mars at the time of Mars’ first appearance. Then, we discuss the segmented motion of Mars in one single synodic period and its accuracy. Finally, we discuss the method for computing the position of Mars at any given time and the error in longitude of Mars. The result shows that the innovations in planetary theory found in the Sovereign Pole System were a fruitful development in ancient Chinese planetary theory and it obviously improved the accuracy of calculation of the position of Mars. However, the planetary theory in the Sovereign Pole System is still relatively rough because it was impossible for Sui astronomers to obtain the correct model of the motion of planet.
The Almagest Greek and Roman Occultations Re-Visited
Authors: Morrison Leslie V. , Hohenkerk Catherine Y. , Stephenson F. Richard
Published: November 2017

The errors in the timings of the Almagest occultations are investigated to ascertain what contribution they made to Fotheringham and Longbottom’s 1915 result for the (tidal) acceleration of the Moon. It is found that their result is quite close to the modern value, once the apparent acceleration of the Moon due to the retardation of the Earth’s spin rate is removed.
Kepler in the Early Historiography of Astronomy (1615–1800)
Authors: Špelda Daniel
Published: November 2017

This article discusses the reception of Kepler’s work in the earliest interpretations of the history of astronomy, which appeared in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The focus is not on the reception of Kepler’s work among astronomers themselves but instead on its significance for the history of science as seen by early historians of mathematics and astronomy. The first section discusses the evaluation of Kepler in the so-called “Prefatory Histories” of astronomy that appeared in various astronomical works during the seventeenth century. In these, Kepler was considered mainly to be the person who brought the work of Tycho Brahe to completion, rather than an original astronomer. The second section is devoted to the evaluation of Kepler in interpretations of the history of astronomy that appeared in the eighteenth century (often as part of the history of mathematics). In these works, Kepler is regarded as a genius who deserves tremendous credit for the advancement of the human spirit. Both sections also devote attention to Copernicus and Tycho Brahe because this facilitates the explanation of how Kepler’s contribution was judged. By studying the reception of Johannes Kepler’s work, we may gain greater insight into the transition from a cyclical perception of the history of science to the progressive model.
Evaluation of an original use of spark plasma sintering to laminate carbon fibres reinforced aluminium
Authors: Perron Christophe , Arvieu Corinne , Lacoste Eric
Published: November 2017

An alternative route for producing aluminium matrix reinforced with continuous carbon fibres is proposed in this paper. On the one hand, liquid aluminium does not wet carbon; on the other hand, however, the two form a reactive system leading to carbide formation. A novel way to obtain continuous carbon fibre-reinforced aluminium was investigated, using spark plasma sintering with aluminium foils as raw material. Sintering parameters were adjusted to achieve the effective welding of aluminium foils and penetration of the metal between the filaments. A quality assessment of the fibre/aluminium coupling is presented. Interfaces were then investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive ray spectroscopy. An effective cohesion of fibres with the matrix was shown. The manageable fibre positioning could result in unidirectional architecture and reinforcement rate should be handled through foil thickness and yarn properties. Using tensile tests, cohesion between aluminium and carbon fibres can be quantified.
Liberating Madness – Punishing Insanity: Soviet Hippies and the Politics of Craziness
Authors: Fürst Juliane
Published: November 2017

This article looks at an important interface between the small community of Soviet hippies and Soviet authorities: the politics of madness. Like dissidents, hippies often found themselves forcefully sequestered in psychiatric institutions. Yet an account of state repression against colourful, innocent flower children does not give justice to the complicated power games that were fought on the battlefield of craziness. Hippies used the ease with which diagnoses of schizophrenia were handed out to obtain exemption from the army. They embraced and fostered the label ‘crazy', subverting official actions through absolute acceptance rather than resistance. At the same time, they feared the loss of control that came with psychiatric treatment, yet re-invented their often traumatic experiences into a marker of their identity. The relationship between hippies and Soviet psychiatry reflects the multi-layered entanglement, which bound the Soviet system with one of its most unruly subjects. Hippie politics of craziness defy easy classification in conformism and dissent, instead highlighting the way in which a group at the margins of society made use of the political environment they lived in, subverting and succumbing to it at the same time.
Structural design and physical characteristics of modified ring-spun yarns intended for e-textiles: A comparative study
Authors: Wang Yong , Yu Weidong , Wang Fumei
Published: November 2017

E-textiles based on yarn-based sensors have been a topic of intense research. In our previous paper, a straightforward way for fabricating tri-component elastic-conductive composite yarns (t-ECCYs) with a unique architecture applicable to yarn-based sensors was proposed using a modified ring-spinning frame. Herein, a comparative analysis of the physical characteristics of t-ECCY, bi-component elastic composite yarn (b-ECY), bi-component conductive composite yarn (b-CCY), and single rayon yarn (s-RY) are presented, in detail, in terms of tensile behavior, elastic recovery, electrical resistance, unevenness, and hairiness. In particular, a systematic study of the tensile and conductive properties of yarns appropriate for e-textiles, that is, t-ECCY and b-CCY, are highlighted. In addition, a non-invasive structure verification technique is conducted to identify the dispositions of constituents inside the yarn. It is found that the t-ECCY exhibits a remarkable improvement over the other yarns, having robust tensile properties, super elasticity, stable electrical durability, lower unevenness, and hairiness. A simple tensile model has been proposed to predict the t-ECCY’s tensile strength, and the substantial improvement in the tensile properties of t-ECCY compared with the b-CCY can be associated with the distinctive yarn structure. The stretch-deformation mechanism of coils in the t-ECCY is, initially, separation of adjacent surfaces of coils and gradual unwinding till free. Benefiting from its superior conductivity and elasticity after single/cyclic stretch tests as well as other properties, the t-ECCY itself can serve as a sensing element, which could be a highly valuable use for specific purposes in smart textiles.
I Just Feel So Guilty: The Role of Emotions in Former Urban Teachers’ Career Paths
Authors: Mawhinney Lynnette , Rinke Carol R.
Published: November 2017

This article explores the dynamic structures of emotions used by former urban teachers as they negotiated the challenges of the profession. Drawing from a national sample of 25 former urban teachers, this article looks closely at the lives of two teachers who taught in urban intensive school districts. Specifically, the piece captures the emotional aftermath of leaving teaching around two themes: (a) recognition of guilt and (b) continued advocacy for their students. We found that teacher leavers continue to struggle emotionally with their choice to leave the classroom while remaining committed to affecting change in the educational system.
Young Citizens Participation
Authors: Miranda Daniel , Castillo Juan Carlos , Sandoval-Hernandez Andrés
Published: November 2017

A growing body of literature from different disciplines addresses concepts and measurement of citizenship. The present article seeks to contribute to this field by examining the issue of youth citizenship from a comparative international perspective and proposing a simplified conceptual model that can be operationalized. This model includes a community dimension, which refers to individual’s relationship with their community associations, and a civic dimension, concerning institutional processes such as voting and/or political activism. The model was tested using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and measurement equivalence for eighth-grade students ( n = 139.875) across 38 countries that participated in the International Civic and Citizenship Study (2009). Our results find support for the proposed conceptual model and its invariance across countries, and we discuss the implications for theory and further research.
Causal Effects of the Timing of Life-course Events: Age at Retirement and Subsequent Health
Authors: Barban N. , de Luna X. , Lundholm E. , Svensson I. , Billari F. C.
Published: November 2017

In this article, we combine the extensive literature on the analysis of life-course trajectories as sequences with the literature on causal inference and propose a new matching approach to investigate the causal effect of the timing of life-course events on subsequent outcomes. Our matching approach takes into account pre-event confounders that are both time-independent and time-dependent as well as life-course trajectories. After matching, treated and control individuals can be compared using standard statistical tests or regression models. We apply our approach to the study of the consequences of the age at retirement on subsequent health outcomes, using a unique data set from Swedish administrative registers. Once selectivity in the timing of retirement is taken into account, effects on hospitalization are small, while early retirement has negative effects on survival. Our approach also allows for heterogeneous treatment effects. We show that the effects of early retirement differ according to preretirement income, with higher income individuals tending to benefit from early retirement, while the opposite is true for individuals with lower income.
Factors influencing irradiance of locally fabricated phototherapy devices in Jos, north-central Nigeria
Authors: Diala Udochukwu M , Ofakunrin Akinyemi OD , Toma Bose O , Shwe David D , Yilgwan Christopher S , Bode-Thomas Fidelia
Published: November 2017

Locally fabricated phototherapy devices (LFPDs) are widely used in Nigeria for the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Ours was a cross-sectional observational study of all LFPDs in major hospitals in Jos between January and March 2015. We evaluated a total of 24 LFPDs. The irradiance at the level of the baby was in the range of 2–23.9 µW/cm2/nm. Fourteen devices had the recommended irradiance of ≥10 µW/cm2/nm and none had irradiance in the intensive range. Decreasing distance from the baby, presence of reflectors and increasing number of flourecent tubes significantly contributed to higher irradiance. A combination of six tubes, presence of reflectors and a distance of 10 cm from the baby produced a mean irradiance of 23.40 µW/cm2/nm. The irradiance of LFPDs varies widely and can be improved by simple modifications.
Four synchronous primary cancers of the aerodigestive tract and thyroid
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Juma Abdillah Nassor , Chen Yun , Peng Xiong , Zhou Yuan , Wei Zhuang
Published: November 2017

We report the case of a 60-year-old man with 4 concurrent primary cancers: thyroid papillary carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, gastric stromal tumor, and nodular goiter. A minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy with 3-field lymph node resection played a major role in the diagnosis and resection of all primary tumors in the same sitting. Multiorgan primary cancers are not uncommon but pose challenges in diagnosis and treatment. The mechanism of development is unknown but exposure to the same carcinogens in multiple organs has been implicated.
Coronary bypass in left ventricular dysfunction and differential cardiac recovery
Authors: Lozonschi Lucian , Kohmoto Takushi , Osaki Satoru , De Oliveira Nilto C , Dhingra Ravi , Akhter Shahab A , Tang Paul C
Published: November 2017

Background

We aimed to examine the efficacy of surgical revascularization with respect to improvement in ventricular function and survival in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and poor left ventricular function.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 429 patients (median age 64.6 years, 81.1% male) with ejection fractions <40% undergoing isolated primary coronary artery bypass grafting from 2000 to 2016. Techniques included on-pump cardioplegic arrest ( n = 312), off-pump ( n = 75), and on-pump beating heart ( n = 42). Propensity matching was performed to compare the cardioplegic arrest group ( n = 114) with the combined off-pump and beating heart groups ( n = 114).

Results

Postoperatively, ejection fraction increased by 10.1% ± 13.1% (from 31.4% ± 7.1% to 41.6% ± 13.6%; p < 0.001) and mitral regurgitation grade improved ( p < 0.001) but right ventricular function on echocardiographic assessment worsened over time ( p = 0.04). No difference in ejection fraction improvement was seen in the time periods <1 (9.8% ± 11.2%), 1–5 (11.6% ± 14.5%), and >5 (8.8% ± 14.2%) years ( p = 0.442). Following propensity matching, there was no significant difference between the combined off-pump/beating heart and cardioplegic arrest groups with respect to survival or postoperative complications.

Conclusions

Patients with moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction experience long-term improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction after coronary artery bypass. However, right ventricular function often continues to decline, contributing to persistent or worsening heart failure symptoms and late mortality. No difference in survival was seen between the 2 techniques.
Visualizing Surfaces, Surfacing Vision: Introduction
Authors: Coleman Rebecca , Oakley-Brown Liz
Published: November 2017

In this Introduction to a special section on ‘Visualizing Surfaces, Surfacing Vision’, the authors argue that to conceive vision in the contemporary world it is necessary to examine its embedding within, expression via and organization on the surface. First, they review recent social and cultural theories to demonstrate how and why an attention to surfaces is salient today. Second, they consider how vision may be understood in terms of surfaces, discussing the emergence of the term ‘surface’, and its transhistorical relationship with vision. Third, they introduce the contributions to the special section, which cover written articles and artworks. They make connections between them, including their exploration of reflexivity and recursion, observation, objectivity and agency, ontology and epistemology, relationality, process, and two- and three-dimensionality. Fourth, the authors consider some implications of an understanding of visualizing surfaces/surfacing vision.
Understanding how a palliative-specific patient-reported outcome intervention works to facilitate patient-centred care in advanced heart failure: A qualitative study
Authors: Kane Pauline M , Ellis-Smith Clare I , Daveson Barbara A , Ryan Karen , Mahon Niall G , McAdam Brendan , McQuillan Regina , Tracey Cecelia , Howley Christine , O’Gara Geraldine , Raleigh Caroline , Higginson Irene J , Murtagh Fliss EM , Koffman Jonathan
Published: November 2017

Background:

Palliative care needs of patients with chronic heart failure are poorly recognised. Policy makers advise a patient-centred approach to holistically assess patients’ needs and care goals. Patient-reported outcome measures are proposed to facilitate patient-centred care.

Aim:

To explore whether and how a palliative care–specific patient-reported outcome intervention involving the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale influences patients’ experience of patient-centred care in nurse-led chronic heart failure disease management clinics.

Design:

A feasibility study using a parallel mixed-methods embedded design was undertaken. The qualitative component which examined patients and nurses experience of the intervention is reported here. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using framework analysis.

Setting/participants:

Eligible patients attended nurse-led chronic heart failure disease management clinics in two tertiary referral centres in Ireland with New York Heart Association functional class II–IV. Nurses who led these clinics were eligible for inclusion.

Results:

In all, 18 patients and all 4 nurses involved in the nurse-led clinics were interviewed. Three key themes were identified: identification of unmet needs, holistic assessment and patient empowerment. The intervention impacted on processes of care by enabling a shared understanding of patients’ symptoms and concerns, facilitating patient–nurse communication by focusing on these unmet needs and empowering patients to become more involved in clinical discussions.

Conclusion:

This Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale–based intervention empowered patients to become more engaged in the clinical consultation and to highlight their unmet needs. This study adds to the evidence for the mechanism of action of patient-reported outcome measures to improve patient-centred care and will help inform outcome selection for future patient-reported outcome measure research.
Lucid Dreaming: A Diary Study
Authors: Schredl Michael , Noveski Alina
Published: November 2017

Most studies looking into the relationship between lucid dream frequency and personality were based on questionnaire measures of lucid dream frequency. Thus, the aim was to investigate the effect of keeping a dream diary on lucid dream frequency and the correlates of the frequency of lucid dreams in the diary with the Big Five personality factors. The study included 1,612 dreams reported by 425 persons. The present findings showed that lucid dreams are quite rare (1.36%) in an unselected student sample. The frequency of lucid dream in the 2-week diary period was lower than the retrospectively estimated lucid dream frequency. Whereas the negative association between lucid dream frequency and agreeableness was reported previously, the negative correlation between lucid dream frequency and neuroticism is a new finding. Furthermore, the exploratory analysis showed that a considerable number of lucid dreams did not include some form of dream control. Furthermore, it would be very interesting to study the relationship between personality, especially neuroticism and agreeableness, and lucid dreaming in a more detailed way.
Teaching Health versus Treating Illness: The Efficacy of Three Principles Correctional Counseling with People in an English Prison
Authors: Kelley Thomas M. , Hollows Jacqueline , Lambert Eric G. , Savard Dennis M. , Pransky Jack
Published: November 2017

Three principles correctional counseling (3PCC) posits that people in prison have inner mental health they have obscured to varying degrees with their own thinking. 3PCC further posits that people in prison can rekindle and sustain this inner health via understanding how three psychospiritual principles—Universal Mind, consciousness, and thought—coalesce to form people’s psychological experience. We review the three principles and explain how exposure to these principles can lead to improved mental health and improved behavior. Then, we describe 3PCC and distinguish it from prevailing correctional counseling methods. Finally, we present a preliminary study that examines the efficacy of 3PCC for improving the mental health and behavior of people in an English prison. Our findings show that participants exposed to 3PCC showed a significant improvement in mental well-being and purpose in life, significant reductions in anxiety and anger, and improved behavior in the prison community.
Family Experiences and Sexual Victimization Histories: A Comparative Analysis Between Youth Sexual and Nonsexual Offenders
Authors: Yoder Jamie , Dillard Rebecca , Leibowitz George S.
Published: November 2017

Youth who commit sexual offenses often have sexual victimization histories that occur in the family context. These victimization experiences can be exacerbated by other risks present in the family environment. This research study uses MANOVAs to explore how family environments including substance use, mental health, physical and emotional victimization experiences, attachment, and parenting styles differentiate subgroups of youth offenders including youth sexual offenders with ( n = 179) and without ( n = 176) sexual victimization histories, and nonsexual offenders without sexual victimization histories ( n = 150). Results reveal that youth sexual offenders with sexual victimization histories had greater risks in family environments relative to youth sexual and nonsexual offenders without sexual victimization histories. Treatment and research implications are discussed.
Feasibility of a novel intervention to improve participation after stroke
Authors: Stark Susan , Keglovits Marian , Somerville Emily , Hu Yi-Ling , Conte Jane , Yan Yan
Published: November 2017

Introduction

Stroke is a leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States. With shorter inpatient hospital stays, more time in rehabilitation is devoted to medical stabilization and less on skills to regain independence in daily activities. The transition home may be an opportunity for intervention focused on regaining independence. We propose an enhanced rehabilitation transition program called Community Participation Transition after Stroke.

Method

A prospective, randomized, single-blinded, parallel-group pilot study was completed with 15 participants to demonstrate feasibility.

Findings

Fidelity to the protocol was achieved: The Community Participation Transition after Stroke group received 81% of the planned minutes and 83% of the intervention visits. There was no difference between groups for healthcare utilization or falls. Adherence was 85% at three months and 71% at nine months for the home modification intervention. At 6 months, scores improved by 17.39 points for the Community Participation Transition after Stroke group, and 1.30 points for the control group. Environmental barriers decreased in both groups.

Conclusion

This pilot study demonstrated that it is feasible to implement a community participation intervention during the period of transitioning home from inpatient rehabilitation for stroke survivors. Additional studies are necessary to determine the efficacy of the intervention.