bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vibration Analysis and Suppression Methods of the Wing of an Underwater Glider
Authors: Guo Liming , Liu Jing , Song Baowei , Pan Guang , Liu Yujun
Published: October 2023

Vibration analysis and suppression methods are widely studied in mechanical systems. In this study, rubber damping materials were employed to enhance the vibration suppression performance of the wing of an underwater glider. A finite element model was established to analyze the vibration characteristics of the wing. The excitation characteristics of the actuator were determined by experimental methods. The wet mode shapes and corresponding frequencies of the wing of the underwater glider were investigated. The vibration suppression performance of rubber damping materials with different thickness and hardness was discussed. The optimal parameters of the rubber pads on various positions were provided to minimize the excitations from the actuator. This paper provides valuable insights for developing vibration suppression techniques for the wings of an underwater glider.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Strategy for Horizontal Vibration of High-speed Elevator Based on Model Identification
Authors: Li Li , Li Hua , Jia Tichang , Chen Chen
Published: October 2023

The transverse vibration equation of a high-speed elevator car system is established to address the problem of passenger comfort due to transverse vibration caused by the unevenness of guide rails. The Hankel-Toeplitz model of transverse vibration is derived by considering the excitation-response hysteresis phenomenon. The least-squares method is used to identify the model parameters of the car system by combining the measured vibration acceleration data of the high-speed elevator. Then, the model's accuracy is verified by comparing the modeled response with the measured vibration response. Further, based on the theory of sliding mode variable structure control, an adaptive sliding mode active damping control strategy is designed for instantaneous power, and the comparative analysis of vibration acceleration and displacement of the car system under sliding mode control under light and heavy load conditions and different control strategies is carried out by MATLAB to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy parameter identification model.
Scalp Reconstruction Using O-Z Flap: An Alternative Approach for Melanoma Patients with Surgical Challenges
Authors: Jeon Dongnyeok
Published: September 2023

The scalp is a unique anatomical region with distinct challenges for reconstruction, especially in cases of melanoma excision. This study explores the utilization of the O-Z flap technique as an alternative approach for patients with melanoma, where traditional free flap reconstruction may not be feasible due to age or underlying health conditions. However, in this case, the patient had a history of angina and was unwilling to undergo a long operation due to his advanced age. This study highlights the importance of following NCCN guidelines for melanoma resection margins based on tumor thickness and underscores the value of staged resection planning to minimize deficits. This requires an individualized approach as each patient may have different circumstances (general health condition, age, compliance, etc.). So we planned a staged excision first. In the first surgery, we would resect the tumor minimally and then determine the exact size of the tumor. Then, in the second surgery, we resected it with a safety margin according to the guidelines. The O-Z flap, a local flap with an "O"-shaped defect and "Z"-shaped incision line, is introduced as a reconstructive option. The surgical procedure, advantages, and limitations of this approach are discussed. This study provides valuable insights into achieving successful scalp reconstruction while considering aesthetic outcomes and patient-specific factors.
Adversarial Attacks Can Deceive AI Systems, Leading to Misclassification or Incorrect Decisions
Authors: Radanliev Petar , Santos Omar
Published: September 2023

This comprehensive analysis thoroughly examines the topic of adversarial attacks in artificial intelligence (AI), providing a detailed overview of the various methods used to compromise machine learning models. It explores different attack techniques, ranging from the simple Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) to the intricate Carlini and Wagner Attack (C&W), emphasising the wide range of adversarial approaches and their intended goals. The discussion also distinguishes between targeted and non-targeted attacks, highlighting the adaptability and versatility of these malicious efforts. Additionally, the study delves into the realm of black-box attacks, revealing the capability of adversarial strategies to compromise models even with limited knowledge. Real-life examples illustrate the tangible consequences and potential dangers of adversarial attacks in various fields such as self-driving cars, multimedia, and voice assistants. These cases highlight the difficulties in ensuring the legitimacy and dependability of AI-powered technologies and programs. The article stresses the importance of ongoing research and innovation to address the growing difficulties posed by advanced methods like deepfakes and disguised voice commands in preserving the security of AI systems. This study provides valuable insights on how different adversarial strategies and defence mechanisms interact within AI. The results emphasise the urgent need for stronger and more secure AI models to combat the increasing number of adversarial threats in today's AI landscape. These findings can guide future research and innovations in developing more resilient AI technologies that can better withstand various adversarial vulnerabilities and challenges.
Quantum Machine Learning Guided Image Synthesis
Authors: Jain Siddhant , Geraci Joseph , Ruda Harry E.
Published: September 2023

Image synthesis poses a challenging problem that researchers in computer vision and machine learning have been grappling with for several decades. Numerous machine learning techniques have emerged and proven effective in generating high-fidelity artificial images. This study breaks new ground by exploring image synthesis through generative learning using the D-Wave 2000Q quantum annealer, marking the first attempt to address the issue of generative image synthesis on a Quantum Processing Unit (QPU). Alongside executing image synthesis on the quantum annealer, this research also compares its performance with existing classical models and delves into resolving the Generative Learning Trilemma.
Vitamin D status in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Späth Zita , Tmava-Berisha Adelina , Fellendorf Frederike T. , Stross Tatjana , Maget Alexander , Platzer Martina , Bengesser Susanne A. , Häussl Alfred , Zwigl Ina , Birner Armin , Queissner Robert , Stix Katharina , Wels Linda , Lenger Melanie , Dalkner Nina , Zelzer Sieglinde , Herrmann Markus , Reininghaus Eva Z.
Published: October 2023

Vitamin D status may impact acute affective symptomatology and the severity of symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Therefore, this cross-sectional study analyzed 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D, and the vitamin D metabolite ratio (VMR) in BD and correlated the results with clinical affective symptomatology and functionality. The inactive precursor 25(OH)D and its principal catabolite 24,25(OH)2D were measured simultaneously with a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry method in 170 BD outpatients and 138 healthy controls. VMR was calculated as follows: VMR=100*(24,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D). The psychometric assessment enclosed: Beck Depression Inventory-II, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning, and number of suicide attempts. We did not find a significant difference between patients and controls in the concentrations of 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D. Additionally, the VMR was comparable in both groups. The calculations for the clinical parameters showed a negative correlation between the Young Mania Rating Scale and 24,25(OH)2D (r = -.154, p = .040). Based on the small effect size and the predominantly euthymic sample, further exploitation in individuals with manic symptoms would be needed to confirm this association. In addition, long-term clinical markers, and an assessment in different phases of the disease may provide available additional insights.
The Future of Festivity: Christmas, Technology, and the Post-Pandemic Realm
Authors: Eslit Edgar R.
Published: October 2023

This study intricately explores the evolving tapestry of Christmas celebrations in a post-pandemic era, where tradition delicately intertwines with technology. The literature review presents a global panorama of Christmas observances, delving into varied religious perspectives. Within this exploration, a Southeast Asian country discreetly initiates its festivities as early as September—a nuanced response to the profound significance of Christmas. Navigating the digital age, the paper dissects the impact of virtual gatherings, the surge in e-commerce, and digital church services on festive traditions. Employing diverse research methods, including thematic analysis, nuanced insights are synthesized from extensive literature reviews, interviews, and observations. Scrutinizing challenges posed by the digital divide, the erosion of personal connections in virtual gatherings, and sustainability concerns in online celebrations, the qualitative research methodology reveals the interplay between tradition and technology. The paper contemplates the future of Christmas in this transformative era, offering implications for future celebrations, technology developers, policymakers, and beyond. This endeavor invites contemplation on the dynamic interplay shaping the festive landscape and prompting reflection on future celebrations.
Progress and Prospect of Quantitative Research on Divination in Yijing
Authors: Zheng Xinqi , Liu Haiyan
Published: October 2023

Yijing possesses inherent principles and logic, and it has achieved consensus as an auxiliary decision-making function. Research on Yijing has been validated in the field of superpsychology, primarily focusing on individuals. However, the universal value of Yijing extends beyond individual divination or telepsychological induction, and there are untapped scientific potential values associated with it. Consequently, many scholars studying Yijing, including those in Chinese medicine, attempt to decipher its internal scientific mechanism through quantitative methods. In summary, scientific quantitative analysis of Yijing can be categorized into several approaches. These include quantification based on Yijing itself (binary and hexagram order), as well as quantification based on mathematical statistics, probability, and calculus. Another approach involves quantification based on expert knowledge, as well as the quantification of timewave curves and Yi-globle. Significant progress has been made in all of these quantitative research areas within the scientific paradigm. Nevertheless, future quantification of Yijing may explore rule-based evolutionary analysis, incorporating artificial intelligence technology, and conduct quantitative analysis based on the evolutionary process and results. There is even potential to deepen this research with tools such as ChatGPT. Additionally, the focus of Yijing divination may shift from individual events to group events, accompanied by space-time modeling and analysis through the construction of a new coordinate system.
THE USE OF RESEARCH METHODS (USER-EXPERIENCE) IN THE INTERIOR DESIGN ON THE ON THE EXAMPLE OF RESEARCH ON THE FUNCTIONAL AND SPATIAL NEEDS OF FUTURE USERS
Authors:   Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture Institute of Architecture, Urban Planning and Heritage Protection, Poland, Gawlak Agata , Kupsik Aleksandra ,   Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture Institute of Architecture, Urban Planning and Heritage Protection, Poland
Published: October 2023

The subject of the research undertaken is the use of available research methods in interior design, with particular emphasis on the user experience method. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the validity of conducting pre-design participatory research, focused on the functionality and efficiency and desirability of the designed solutions. The study used a survey method, involving two groups of respondents: legal professionals and their administrative services, and target law firm employees. The survey was designed to formulate conclusions about the negative and positive factors affecting the comfort of doing work, to define the expectations of employees related to functional, stylistic and aesthetic solutions.
ECOLOGICAL MINIMIZATION AND CONTROL OF ENERGY AND MATTER CONSUMPTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF A SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSE
Authors:   West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland Faculty of Architecture, Department of Housing and Technical and Ecological Basics of Architecture, Gradziński Piotr
Published: October 2023

The article pertains to two elements in the architecture of a single-family house that impact the ecosystem: the use of building materials and energy consumption. The issue is considered within the framework of analyzing material and energy changes affecting the natural environment. In the research, various methods were employed, including the concept of the 'shade mechanism' as a limit for the ecological footprint, as well as the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. Three types of solutions were examined: the materials used in the building structure and their energy demands. The research results presented were analyzed with regard to the relationship between building materials, energy consumption, and their negative emissions (potential greenhouse effect). The objectives of the analyses were determined with regard to the changing climate and the possibilities of controlling pollutant emissions, taking into account the ability to minimize and control the adverse environmental impact as well as its enhancement and regeneration in the architectural design process.
Unlocking Hydrocarbon Potential in Tight Gas Reservoir in Onshore Abu Dhabi Through Different Completion Technologies
Authors: Bernadi B. , Al Ameri S. S. , Al Awadhi F. O. , Al Shehhi H. A. , Al Hosani M. A. , Al Bairaq A. M.
Published: October 2023

This paper will discuss some case studies on how to unlock the tight gas reservoirs potential in onshore field of Abu Dhabi through different drilling/completion strategies. Various technologies are tested i.e., Underbalanced Coiled Tubing Drilling (UBCTD), Smart Liner (LEL), Hydraulic Fracking (HF) and Fishbones (FB). The well performances after technology application are then evaluated to see any benefit from completion technology deployments to increase the production.

The selection of wells for technology implementation was carried out; 3 wells for Hydraulic Fracking, 1 well for LEL, 1 well for UBCTD and 1 well for FB. The technology implementation was preferentially applied on new wells because it gives better customization to design and implement completion technology tailored to the specific reservoir conditions and production requirements. In addition, retrofitting the existing wells with advanced completion can be more challenging and costly, making it more impractical although in certain case it can be justifiable.

Observation reveals that the laterals placement on the right hydrocarbon sweetspots are the utmost important key element of the successful well production. The application of drilling technique/new advanced well completion technologies will increase the chance of production success. Thorough evaluation was performed to learn what extent the application of the techniques can improve the production. The finding reveals that the success story is as the result of combination of good lateral placement technique in the potential sweetspots and the type of the technology selected.

So far pilot well with UBCTD technology has been found to have the most remarkable success among other pilot wells. Investigations were also performed to find-out what can be wrong with the failed wells with the technology deployment.

The analytical study also reveals that the advanced well completion technology in a new single horizontal well can outperform the performance of a conventional multilateral well and even it can double the production of a single open-hole lateral well with non-technologies implementation at this time.
New Era of Sucker Rod Hanger: Innovative Design to Enhance Pulling Out and Running in Hole Sucker Rod Operations
Authors: Altubi S. K. , AlRubkhi A. , Jyoti A.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of innovative Sucker Rod (SR) hanger is to allow a well pulling hoist to hang a sucker rod string inside a tubing hanger and secure the well. This allows to remove X-mass tree and nipple up a conventional blow out preventor. Thus, it eliminates the need of using a sucker rod blow out preventor while running or pulling sucker rod in the completion tubing and hence, improves Health, Safety and Environment (HSE), time and cost of operation.

The innovative SR hanger has a same profile of a two-way check valve, it will sit inside the completion hanger. The process of pulling a sucker rod from a well requires a lot of effort and time. After the well pulling hoist has been rigged up, the stuffing box, polish rod, and the other components will be removed. The SR hanger will then be made up of the first SR joint and landed inside the completion hanger just below the polished rod. Pressure testing will then be performed prior remove the X-tress and nipple up the conventional BOP.

The project was initially piloted in Field N. The outcome was a game-changer in various aspects, such as HSE, performance, time, oil production and the resources as well as the cost. There are around 400 well-pulling hoists entry in the field each year. The use of the SR hanger will reduce the risk of accidents and improve the efficiency of pulling and running SR operation. This will also help minimize the overall HSE risks associated with these activities. This project will reduce the time it takes to perform well maintenance by about 4 hours per well and approximately 70 days per year in Field N. It will also be implemented in Field M, which has similar scope. This project will save around 140 days per year and significant amount of cost. It will help in accelerating the oil production and minimizing the impact of the oil deferment, as well will eliminate the need of Sucker Rod Blow Out Preventor (SR BOP).

The use of the SR hanger is a groundbreaking technique in the oil and natural gas industry. It enables operators to enhance the efficiency and safety of their operations when it comes to running and pulling the SR. This innovative method can be utilized on all wells that feature sucker rods. In addition to reducing the complexity, the SR hanger's design also makes it more economical.
Tackling Climate Challenge Through Mitigation of Methane Emissions
Authors: Al Mazrouei Shayma , Aggarwal Dinesh Kumar , Shaalan Jwaher
Published: October 2023

The global climate challenge requires urgent actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the adverse effects of climate change. Among the various greenhouse gases, methane has gained significant attention due to its potent warming potential. Methane, a greenhouse gas with a shorter atmospheric lifetime compared to carbon dioxide but absorbs much more energy contributes significantly to global warming. Fugitive methane emissions from leak points and vents not only leads to loss of energy resources but is a major source of GHG emissions, contributing to global warming.

In line with ADNOC commitment towards Oil and Gas Methane Partnership (OGMP 2.0) Gold Standard [1], The ADNOC Group Company successfully completed a comprehensive Leak Detection and Repair Program (LDAR) in 2021/2022 to identify and address any fugitive emissions from the process of its operations. The Group Company has implemented a pragmatic and cost-effective and Leak Detection and Repair Program (LDAR) to address fugitive emissions within its operations. The LDAR program involved a comprehensive and systematic approach to identify and mitigate leaks from various equipment, such as valves, pumps, vents etc. The method began with collecting plant data such as PFDs, P&IDs, hydrocarbon composition etc. Next, an inventory of potential existing leak sources was conducted (such as flanges, valves, pumps seals, connectors, vents etc.). Following that, on ground monitoring of each leak point was conducted through Toxic Vapour Analyzer as per US EPA Method 21. After that, estimations of total fugitive emissions including methane were considered to develop the program. Ultimately, the repaired leaks were re-monitored to ensure and validate no further emissions.

Around ~1.5 million of potential leak sources were monitored across all six operating plants. Consequently, around 4,450 points were found leaking (as per leak definition), resulting in release of ~990 T/year of fugitive emissions (methane emissions ~370 T/year). Majority of the leaks were repaired showing significant reduction in the annual fugitive emissions. The validation of this reduction is in process through re-measurement.

In addition, the Company is piloting Satellite and Laser based methane monitoring, to enhance the detection of methane emissions through the adoption of innovative technologies.
Gender Diversity in Indian Oil & Gas Sector
Authors: Bhagat Mrs. Neha
Published: October 2023

The objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of gender diversity in the evolving energy landscape in India, with a focus on the benefits that can be derived from increased gender diversity in decision-making positions and technical roles.

The paper is based on a review of existing literature and data related to gender diversity in the oil & gas sector in India, including government policies, reports, and academic articles. The paper includes an analysis of the current state of gender diversity in the Indian oil & gas sector, the benefits of increased gender diversity, the challenges and barriers that need to be addressed.

The paper highlights that gender diversity in the energy sector can lead to better decision-making, improved performance, increased social and environmental benefits and empowerment of women. Women make up only 22% of the workforce in the oil and gas industry and this figure is unchanged since 2017, despite strong evidence that more diverse and inclusive workforces drive profit and innovation in the sector. Women are still underrepresented in decision-making positions and technical roles in the energy sector, and there are several barriers that need to be addressed to increase gender diversity. In this paper we will discuss all such barriers/issues and try to provide solutions/alternatives for the same.

The paper also emphasizes the need for more research on the specific challenges faced by women in the energy sector in India and the strategies that can be implemented to address these challenges. The paper adds to the growing body of literature on the importance of gender diversity in the energy sector and provides insights that can be used to form policies and practices in India and other developing countries.
Innovative Surface and Subsurface Solutions to Reduce Emissions and Optimize Production in a Brownfield Offshore Malaysia
Authors: Dasuki N. A. , Islamov R. , Anand S. , Ghaneezabadi M. , Bidin L. A. , Subari I. , Salleh F. A. , Bakar R. , Raffik R. Z. A. Raja Zainal , Munawar M. D. , Eskov A. , Jamil A.
Published: October 2023

PETRONAS has set its aspiration to be able to achieve net zero carbon emission by 2050. To achieve this ambitious target, PETRONAS has taken several important decisions with the key one being to gradually cut down on flaring and venting in all fields. This paper will discuss the innovative solutions implemented in a brownfield to optimize oil production while complying with the directive to reduce existing flare by 50% in the field.

The operator implemented several innovative and cost-effective initiatives to achieve the objectives:

Re-purposing of existing well completions to re-inject and store gas in depleted reservoirs after appropriate Risk Assessment and feasibility studies. Created robust Integrated Network Model to represent the actual field performance at well and reservoir levels and applied it to optimize and re-prioritize well line-up. Optimizing entire field gas compression system considering system constraints, lift, and gas injection requirements. Evaluating alternative artificial lift methods i.e. Thru-Tubing ESP to optimize compressed gas requirements. Evaluating stimulation of Smart water injection wells to maintain reservoir pressure.

The operator had excellent preliminary results from the implementation of the above-mentioned steps. Multiple scenarios were run with all the constraints in the updated Integrated Network Model to optimize well line-up sequence to minimize gas production and enhance oil production. Details of the scenarios, gas compressor re-purposing efforts and results will be shared in the paper. The operator also successfully converted idle wells to re-inject gas to store 10 – 20 % of total field emission. Details of the subsurface studies, well completion re-purposing, injectivity tests, risk assessment and results will also be shared in the paper. An artificial lift study indicated that well rates can be increased under the current constraints using the latest Thru-Tubing ESP technology at minimum cost impact. A separate study also indicated that the stimulation of Smart water injectors will increase reservoir pressure to subsequently reduce free gas coming out of solution within reservoir and the ensuing preferential production. Details of both the above studies and implementation plan similarly will be included in the paper.

The operator was successful in the challenging task of reducing emission to the limit set by the host authority in line with the PETRONAS carbon emission target aspiration, while ensuring that production was not curtailed because of the emission limit. The paper will describe in detail the afore-mentioned steps taken by the operator which are a landmark achievement in managing a brownfield in the current low carbon environment focus within the oil and gas industry.
First 22" PDC Successful Run on Rotary Steerable System, Optimum Bit Design Selection for Challenging Directional Application
Authors: Shadad N. , Reboul S. , Saffar A. Hussein , Ragaey M. , Alraish A. , Genidy E. El , Gamal M. , Tissot V.
Published: October 2023

Due to limited surface locations in developed fields, more and more deep well applications are requiring directional work in top sections, still drilling through interbedded challenging formations with severe dynamics issue. With the collaboration of Kuwait Oil Company, this paper introduces a new 22″ PDC bit selection method based on 3D simulations of dual UCS transitions and its impact on a given cutting structure arrangement.

Stability and balancing of the PDC Drill Bit is key to success when drilling a directional section, specially when drilling larger size hole with dynamic events amplified by the inertia of the BHA. Balancing the cutting structure when encountering interbedded soft – hard transition with a variable dip angle is mandatory to achieve planned trajectory together with ensuring a good borehole quality and minimal tortuosity. The design presented in this paper and the optimization made on its cutting structure with an in-house 3D simulation software will demonstrate how these challenges have been solved over a wide range of drilling scenarios, including the proprietary capability to simulate rock transition.

A series of different transition scenarios from soft to hard, hard to soft and with different dip angle have been conducted on a series of targeted 22″ bit designs aimed to be run in an application in North Kuwait. This process has been applied iteratively to estimate the adaptability of the bit design to these scenarios. Bit designs have been ranked with respect to different performance indicators like drillability, steerability, stability and tool face control. The top ranked bit design has been selected, manufactured and successfully run in the field. For the first time worldwide, RSS BHA in 22″ drilled S-Shape section of 1279 ft with inclination up to 10° and back to vertical while reaching 2.5° Dogleg severity. By using a PDC instead of Hybrid Roller cone bit, a 60% gain in ROP was possible and a 44% cost reduction achieved. This unique design configuration allowed an optimum directional behavior with reduced drilling dynamics recorded and enhanced borehole quality for smoother completion operation.

By being the first ever S-Shape section Delivered by RSS worldwide and first 22″ RSS directional run in the Middle East, this success is opening the door to further development of existing field and more complex trajectory achievement. The performance is kept at the heart of the equation with optimized PDC cutting structure to deliver best ROP and lowest cost per foot each and every time.
Utilization of High Pressure Water to Recover Flared Gas at Gas Oil Separation Plants
Authors: Alzaher H. D. , Almuhainy M. A.
Published: October 2023

Energy Efficiency and Environmental Protections is one of the major pillars that need to be considered seriously today more than ever to enhance life quality and to have a sustainable future. In addition, it is an indispensable path to reduce emissions, achieve climate change mitigation, and optimize operational expenses.

As the leading in energy and environment protection, Saudi Aramco South Ghawar Producing Department (SGPD) spares no effort to explore innovative approaches and technologies to ensure a sufficient supply of energy to the world in an environmentally friendly manner. In spite of all the exerted efforts, strict policies, challenging targets and investments to achieve a continual improvement in energy efficiency, it would be hard to avoid a performance plateau without breakthrough solutions. This is particularly true in South Ghawar Producing Department (SGPD), considering the large geographical area in which different facilities are scattered.

Saudi Aramco, as one of the world's leading energy and chemicals companies, is working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the environment wherever possible. The production of oil and gas in Gas-Oil Separation Plants (GOSPs) inevitably leads to some emissions of greenhouse gases, primarily from flare systems. A flare system is a critical safety system for any oil and gas producing facility. The flare deals with large volumes of hydrocarbons when facilities shut down or have upsets. During normal operations, a continuous small stream of purge gas is necessary to ensure the safe operation and availability of the flare system. While this purge gas rate is small, when added up for the multitude of Saudi Aramco's facilities, the purge gas represents a significant amount of hydrocarbons lost and greenhouse gases emitted. Furthermore, continuous operation at a low rate causes damage to flare tips, reducing their reliability and increasing maintenance and replacement costs.
Excellence in Emergency Drills Compliance Monitoring and Assurance Through Digitalization Using Power Platform
Authors: Satopay Subhan , Al Maflahi Amer
Published: October 2023

This paper showcase Emergency Drills Compliance System, which brought improvements in process efficiency and compliance assurance of Emergency Drills across 110+ Rigs (Land / Jack-ups / Island Rigs) and Fixed Facilities. The objectives are to highlight the digital technologies used, automation of business process and HSE & Operational benefits and outcomes.

As part of process & systems improvement initiative, Emergency Drills Compliance monitoring was identified as area that can add business value through process efficiency, data insights and improved emergency scenario preparedness. HSE and Digital functions collaborated to initiate a Project for achieving the targeted business outcomes.

Detailed process analysis was performed to optimize the process, eliminate bottlenecks, resulting in a standardized business process for reporting compliance to Emergency Drills, evidence reviews, and generation of Compliance Scores for each Rigs and Fixed facilities. This was then digitalized using cloud-based Power Platform for rapid delivery of a Digital Solution and Dashboards.

The new Digital System has supported organization's Rig Fleets growth, saving manhours through standardized process and Digital Solution, improved compliance through Data Insights provided by Monitoring Dashboards, and Staff preparedness for Emergency through high assurance and continuous improvements.
Enhancing the Overall Operational Efficiency and Reducing the Emission Rates of Brownfield Facilities
Authors: Al Mehairi A. , Youssef K. M. , Salami A.
Published: October 2023

This paper explores the significance of improving sustainability in offshore brownfield facilities by replacing gas turbine-driven loading pumps with electrical-driven pumps. It emphasizes the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), in the oil and gas industry. By adopting electrical-driven pumps, facilities can enhance operational efficiency, reduce emissions, and align with sustainability goals. This study analyzes the design features, fuel consumption, availability, reliability, flexibility, and maintenance costs of both options to determine the most sustainable choice.

The urgent need to address environmental concerns and improve sustainability in the oil and gas industry has led to a focus on reducing emissions. This study aims to transform the operational strategy of existing loading pumps in an offshore brownfield facility, emphasizing the importance of minimizing redundant emissions while optimizing costs.
Breaking Barriers: Downhole H2S Scavenger Automation Pilot Trial Intellisweet
Authors: Abd-Rahman A-Sukaimy , Turner Michael , Kulkarni Rahul , McGregor Stuart , Ajibode Sulaimon , Leidensdorf Jeremy , Pukall Alejandro , Othman Abdullah
Published: October 2023

Seawater Injection has been used in Offshore field as a means of pressure maintenance for improving oil recovery. Since there is no Sulphate removal and Nitrate injection from Day 1, H2S generation from Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRBs) has led to reservoir souring. This has led to a serious attention to manage the H2S production risks in terms of health, safety and environment (HSE). A new technology with real time H2S Scavenger and Automation was trialled in an offshore oil production platform.

INTELLISWEET automated H2S chemical management system is an intelligent chemical injection system that enables autonomous and controlled H2S scavenger injection rates based on well and topside production conditions. Mixed production fluid samples are continuously collected from wellhead, passed through temperature/pressure conditioning, and through a series of sample conditioning and analysis to allow for accurate measurement of the total H2S in the produced fluid. The field trial was conducted in an offshore facility platform in a well with a downhole capillary string chemical injection in an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) well.

Based on the field trial outcome, a reduction in the H2S ppm (as low as 4ppm) and the % removal efficiency of up to 98% was observed. The system package has proven to be effective in maintaining H2S levels below target while allowing 24h online remote monitoring and the ability to make changes remotely as well.

This first of its kind digital automation system continuously captures data that shows chemical pump performance, amounts of H2S being produced and scavenged, amounts of H2S scavenger being injected, well production data, alerts of system anomalies, and various other information that gives total visibility of the chemical injection treatment program.

With INTELLISWEET, a reliable cost-effective automated removal of total H2S in the oilfield can be achieved. It allows for minimized HSE risk of employees – less field exposure, unlocks access to high H2S well reserves, and gives remote access to monitor and control H2S chemical injection treatment programs with automated and optimized dosages.
A Systematic Approach in Developing Young UAE National Engineers as Part of Strategic Nationalization and Organizational Development
Authors: Al Karbi H. , Jamal Bahumaish M. , Unnikrishnan N. K. , Al Suwaidi M. , Alnuaimi M. , Alshamsi M.
Published: October 2023

Developing young engineers in oil field industry is crucial for the future of UAE, it is important to provide young engineers with proper training, mentorship, and opportunities to gain hands-on experience through systematic approach to build their technical skills and confidence. By investing in the development of young engineers, we can ensure that the organization remains resilient, innovative, efficient, and sustainable for years to come.

The general process of developing young employees is as follow: The community outreach to UAE Nationals, graduating from high school to study majors relevant to Engineering & Operations.HR on boarding team providing new joiners an orientation program about the company policies.Core discipline division.Overview about YDP "Young Development Program" training.Coaches and Mentors assigned to each young engineer.

In terms of methods and procedures that have been followed to assure the success of development process strategy, prior completing the training programs, the coaching mainly focus on practice & developing a learning curve, providing job opportunities, and required training enhancing technical experience & cooperating with shareholder and service companies to provide exposure of hands-on work. Not only that, but site experience is also essential for a wide exposure and knowledge on several operation jobs. Therefore, a weekly site visit is one of the essential methods that have been implemented and followed in industrial organization to develop the employees.

As a result, young national engineers are leading the technologies in Drilling, Engineering & Operations, Rigless Operations, Completion, Drilling Fluid and Drilling Planning. UAE young Drilling Engineers are also handling Unconventional Drilling Operations. Moreover, giving the opportunities to shatter stereotypes and pave the way for future female generations, young females has been assigned to site-based jobs. Furthermore, there is a noticeable increase in the number of national engineers, who are assigned to be Drilling Engineers, Drilling Fluid Engineers, Completion Engineers, and Project Leads.

With the progression of time, more UAE nationals have accepted the challenge and displayed enormous efforts and talents to break glass ceilings continuously within the Drilling Industry. Through the outreach programs, companies are displaying trust and faith in the young UAE national's prospect's abilities.
De-Carbonization: Zero Flaring by Acid Gasrerouting Project
Authors: Harish Somayajula , Satheeshkumar Ramalingam , Ashish Soni , Hamad AlMerri
Published: October 2023

Acid gases are produced as part of normal operation of Ethane crackers. Raw ethane contains impurities in minor amount consisting of CO2, H2S, COS and CO which need to be removed and disposed safely. These acid gases are removed in feed pretreatment section of the cracker unit and subsequently burnt in acid gas flare for safe disposal. Due to low calorific value of these components, some amount of natural gas is mixed with the acid gas to enable complete combustion and H2S destruction. Due to this addition of natural gas to the acid gases, there is always some amount of potential product being lost to flare. These additional emissions are due to natural gas injection which can be avoided by alternate routing of acid gas safely.
Enhancement of Drilling Effectiveness Through Lean 6 Sigma Methodology
Authors: ALAlawi A. S. , Peter J. , ALKindi A. , ALAdawi H. , Husaini N. , ALAlawi M. , AL Nuumani M.
Published: October 2023

Objectives/Scope

This paper highlights how PDO's Well Engineering Directorate adopted the Lean 6 Sigma methodology (using inferential statistics for problem solving) to improve the effectiveness of drilling 9.5/8" Multi-Stage Inflatable Packer Collar (MSIPC) tool. Furthermore, we explain how this data-driven technique helped us understand factors that influence drilling with this tool.

Methods, Procedures, Process

The Lean 6 Sigma methodology was implemented on multiple projects in Well Engineering. The term "Sigma" is used in statistics as an indicator of the degree of process variation. 6 Sigma is a structured approach that consists of five phases; Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC).

Drilling the MSIPC tool is a repetitive operation but there is significant variance in its execution as drilling can vary from 30 to 240 minutes. There have been many failed attempts to optimise this process because they depended on people's experience only which boiled down to a trial-and-error approach.

In the "Define" Phase we outlined the business case and formed a team, sponsored by senior management. We then collected data from all jobs executed between 2019 and 2020 and visualised the data in different chart types to better understand process variation.

In the "Measure" Phase we conducted a workshop with all stakeholders, mapping the process end-to-end, identifying the main factors affecting the process. A Process Capability Diagram was used using Minitab (a statistics software), to assess the process baseline performance. We found that more than 70% of the jobs exceeded the upper specification limit of 60 minutes. We developed a Control Chart, which proved the process to be instable.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

In the "Analyze" Phase we conducted a graphical analysis (e.g., Matrix Plot, Main Effect Plot, Box Plot, etc.) and hypothesis testing (correlation and regression analysis) to determine which of the input parameters had a significant impact on the process time. The main findings were:

There was no significant relationship between the MSIPC drilling time and depth. There was a significant relationship between the MSIPC drilling time and Bit Type, Weight on Bit (WoB), Rotation per Minute (RPM), and Flow Rate.

Multiple regression analysis was then used to determine the relationship between significant input parameters and their combined impact on the result. From this, we were able to optimise the process parameters as follows:

WoB should be more than 4 kdaN, surface RPM should be 30-35, and Flow rate should be 1.5 m3/min. We were also able to conclude that PDC bits perform better for than Tricon bits.

In the "Improve" Phase we implemented the parameters the determined from the analysis on 10 wells and saw a significant process improvement. The average time to drill MSIPC reduced from 120 minutes to 55 minutes.
Enhancing Oilfield Management: The Digital Wellsite Advantages
Authors: Wang Xueqiang , Zhu Jun , Zhang Wei , Zeng Qijun , Zhang Zhicheng , Tan Yulong
Published: October 2023

Digitalizing has become increasingly important in the oil and gas industry as a way to reduce costs and increase efficiency. This paper focuses on discussing the application and benefits of digital wellsite, which provides the operator a novel way to integrate the real time information from various surface equipment and display in a digital twin panel. In this way, the company man could obtain the message about the performance of the asset instead of reading numerous sheets or daily report and do some further analysis. By utilizing 3D rendering engine and leveraging specific engineering algorithm the data could be transferred in a visualized and data-fused way, where the wellsite supervisor and office engineer could track onsite progress and take corrective measures if needed. This digital wellsite module provides insights into operational and environmental conditions that can improve safety and reduce risks associated with surface status. For example: the digital wellsite monitors the equipment data to see if it meets the requirement of the operation, and office engineer could check the onsite information only by click the mouse then the real time information of selected asset would be displayed in front of the user.

This digital wellsite collects onsite data and generates a digital twin wellsite, all data generated by onsite sensor would be appeared in this digital twin model, the operator could view the information they need just like playing a game or watching a movie. It could also help office man get a realistic understanding of field condition, making alert message to operator if onsite data would violate related rules and regulations so they can make some action in advance rather than remedy its consequences, for example the expiration of validity on BOP (blowout preventor) message could be monitored and avoided as digital wellsite would remind the operator a few days before it happens. All wellsite equipment's data would create a data lake and operator could manage their remote assets based on these valuable data, the digital wellsite could match the spare parts and coordinate in the most efficient way rather than deliver them from warehouse hundred miles away. On the way of energy transformation, the digital wellsite offers the oil &gas industry substantial potential benefits in terms of efficiency, cost savings, risk reduction and less carbon emission. Our industry needs us manage more operations and assets in less human resources and lower budget, the digital wellsite helps operators reducing their travels to field for inspection or goods delivery, and improving their efficiency on making decision since they could get the latest and fullest information in seconds instead of spending hours reading daily report or checking equipment sheets.

Figure 1 Traditional way of wellsite inspection via manual recording Figure 2 Digital wellsite adopts mixed reality device to execute onsite inspection.