bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total cost of surgical site infection in the two years following primary knee replacement surgery
Authors: Lethbridge Lynn N. , Richardson C. Glen , Dunbar Michael J.
Published: May 2020

Objective:

The disease burden of surgical site infection (SSI) following total knee (TKA) replacement is considerable and is expected to grow with increased demand for the procedure. Diagnosing and treating SSI utilizes both inpatient and outpatient services, and the timing of diagnosis can affect health service requirements. The purpose of this study was to estimate the health system costs of infection and to compare them across time-to-diagnosis categories.

Methods:

Administrative data from 2005–2016 were used to identify cases diagnosed with SSI up to 1 year following primary TKA. Uninfected controls were selected matched on age, sex and comorbidities. Costs and utilization were measured over the 2-year period following surgery using hospital and out-of-hospital data. Costs and utilization were compared for those diagnosed within 30, 90, 180, and 365 days. A subsample of cases and controls without comorbidities were also compared.

Results:

We identified 238 SSI cases over the study period. On average, SSI cases cost 8 times more than noninfected controls over the 2-year follow-up period (CaD$41,938 [US$29,965] vs CaD$5,158 [US$3,685]) for a net difference of CaD$36,780 (US$26,279). The case-to-control ratio for costs was lowest for those diagnosed within 30 days compared to those diagnosed later. When only patients without comorbidities were included, costs were >7 times higher.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that considerable costs result from SSI following TKA and that those costs vary depending on the time of diagnosis. A 2-year follow-up period provided a more complete estimate of cost and utilization.
Developing a guidance resource for managing delirium in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Meagher David , Adamis Dimitrios , Timmons Suzanne , O’Regan Niamh A , O’Keeffe Shaun , Kennelly Sean , Corby Catherine , Meaney Anna Maria , Reynolds Paul , Mohamad Mas , Glynn Kevin , O’Sullivan Roisin
Published: May 2020

As the COVID-19 pandemic escalates worldwide, it is apparent that many patients with more severe illness will also experience delirium. These patients pose a particular challenge in the application of optimal care due to issues with infectious risk, respiratory compromise and potential interactions between medications that can be used to manage delirium with antiviral and other treatments used for COVID-19. We describe a guidance resource adapted from existing guidelines for delirium management that has been tailored to the specific challenge of managing delirium in patients with COVID-19 infection. Issues around the assessment and treatment of these patients are examined and distilled into a simple (one-paged guidance resource that can assist clinicians in managing suspected delirium.
Limit theorems for additive functionals of continuous time random walks
Authors: Kondratiev Yuri , Mishura Yuliya , Shevchenko Georgiy
Published: May 2020

For a continuous-time random walk X = {Xt, t ⩾ 0} (in general non-Markov), we study the asymptotic behaviour, as t → ∞, of the normalized additive functional $c_t\int _0^{t} f(X_s)\,{\rm d}s$, t⩾ 0. Similarly to the Markov situation, assuming that the distribution of jumps of X belongs to the domain of attraction to α-stable law with α > 1, we establish the convergence to the local time at zero of an α-stable Lévy motion. We further study a situation where X is delayed by a random environment given by the Poisson shot-noise potential: $\Lambda (x,\gamma )= {\rm e}^{-\sum _{y\in \gamma } \phi (x-y)},$ where $\phi \colon \mathbb R\to [0,\infty )$ is a bounded function decaying sufficiently fast, and γ is a homogeneous Poisson point process, independent of X. We find that in this case the weak limit has both ‘quenched’ component depending on Λ, and a component, where Λ is ‘averaged’.
A deeper and distributed search for culture
Authors: Strand Paul S.
Published: May 2020

The target article does not address the neural mediation of complex social behavior. I review evidence that such mediation may be compatible with proposed Bayesian information-processing principles. Notably, however, such mediation occurs subcortically as well as cortically, concerns reward uncertainty and information uncertainty, and impacts culture via group-level payoff structures that define individualism and collectivism.
Digital life, a theory of minds, and mapping human and machine cultural universals
Authors: Clark Kevin B.
Published: May 2020

Emerging cybertechnologies, such as social digibots, bend epistemological conventions of life and culture already complicated by human and animal relationships. Virtually-augmented niches of machines and organic life promise new free-energy-governed selection of intelligent digital life. These provocative eco-evolutionary contexts demand a theory of (natural and artificial) minds to characterize and validate the immersive social phenomena universally-shaping cultural affordances.
“Through others we become ourselves”: The dialectics of predictive coding and active inference
Authors: Bolis Dimitris , Schilbach Leonhard
Published: May 2020

Thinking through other minds creatively situates the free-energy principle within real-life cultural processes, thereby enriching both sociocultural theories and Bayesian accounts of cognition. Here, shifting the attention from thinking-through to becoming-with, we suggest complementing such an account by focusing on the empirical, computational, and conceptual investigation of the multiscale dynamics of social interaction.
TTOM in action: Refining the variational approach to cognition and culture
Authors: Veissière Samuel P. L. , Constant Axel , Ramstead Maxwell J. D. , Friston Karl J. , Kirmayer Laurence J.
Published: May 2020

The target article “Thinking Through Other Minds” (TTOM) offered an account of the distinctively human capacity to acquire cultural knowledge, norms, and practices. To this end, we leveraged recent ideas from theoretical neurobiology to understand the human mind in social and cultural contexts. Our aim was bothsynthetic– building an integrative model adequate to account for key features of cultural learning and adaptation; andprescriptive– showing how the tools developed to explain brain dynamics can be applied to the emergence of social and cultural ecologies of mind. In this reply to commentators, we address key issues, including: (1) refining the concept of culture to show how TTOM and the free-energy principle (FEP) can capture essential elements of human adaptation and functioning; (2) addressing cognition as an embodied, enactive, affective process involving cultural affordances; (3) clarifying the significance of the FEP formalism related to entropy minimization, Bayesian inference, Markov blankets, and enactivist views; (4) developing empirical tests and applications of the TTOM model; (5) incorporating cultural diversity and context at the level of intra-cultural variation, individual differences, and the transition to digital niches; and (6) considering some implications for psychiatry. The commentators’ critiques and suggestions point to useful refinements and applications of the model. In ongoing collaborations, we are exploring how to augment the theory with affective valence, take into account individual differences and historicity, and apply the model to specific domains including epistemic bias.
Optimal Trajectory Generation for a 6-DOF Parallel Manipulator Using Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Choubey Chandan , Ohri Jyoti
Published: May 2020

In this paper we designed an optimal trajectory generation (OTG) method to generate easy and errorless continuous path motion with quick converging using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) method. The proposed OTG method finds the trajectory path with minimum tracking error, combined speed, joint increasing speed wrinkle, as well as joint lurching move to follow an error-free smooth continuous path.
The effects of phonological neighborhood density in childhood word production and recognition in Russian are opposite to English
Authors: ARUTIUNIAN Vardan , LOPUKHINA Anastasiya
Published: May 2020

This study investigates howphonological neighborhood density(PND) affects word production and recognition in 4-to-6-year-old Russian children in comparison to adults. Previous experiments with English-speaking adults showed that a dense neighborhood facilitated word production but inhibited recognition whereas a sparse neighborhood inhibited production but facilitated recognition. Importantly, these effects are not universal because a reverse PND pattern was found in Spanish-speaking adults. Probably, PND effects depend on the morphological properties of language.

This study focuses on PND effects in word production and recognition in terms of facilitation and inhibition in Russian. Our results are consistent with those in Spanish: Russian-speaking adults produced words with dense neighborhoods more slowly and recognized them faster than words with sparse neighborhoods. Russian children showed the same PND effect in recognition and no effect was found in production. The findings support the hypothesis that PND effects in word production and recognition are influenced by the morphological system of language.
The role of socioeconomic and sociocultural predictors of Spanish and English proficiencies of young Latino children of immigrants
Authors: COLLINS Brian A. , TOPPELBERG Claudio O.
Published: May 2020

Young Latino children of immigrants typically speak primarily Spanish at home and are exposed to varying amounts of English. As a result, they often enter school with a wide range of proficiencies in each language. The current study investigated family background, language use at home and early childhood settings as predictors of Spanish and English language proficiencies among Latino dual language children (N = 228). Findings demonstrated divergent sets of predictors were associated with either Spanish or English proficiencies at kindergarten and second grade. Sociocultural variables (parent origin, gender, home language use, home literacy practices, and language use in early childhood settings) predicted children's Spanish proficiency, while socioeconomic variables (poverty, and maternal and paternal education) predicted children's English proficiency, with little to no overlap in these predictions. These results suggest that different supports are required for proficiency in Spanish and in English, highlighting the importance of sociocultural and socioeconomic factors.
Minimizing Knowledge Scepticism – Resourcing Students through Media and Information Literacy
Authors: Drotner Kirsten
Published: May 2020

Globally connected and commodified digital means of communication offer a wealth of information across age-bands and across formal and informal sites of learning, yet few students obtain systematic training in transforming this information to knowledge that is tailored to their level of understanding and to the settings of learning. This gap between access to unsorted and often unsolicited information across boundaries of space, learning and generation and training in the formation of valid knowledge poses a threat to democratic societies that are based on informed citizens’ joint debate and decision-making. This article addresses the gap between students’ information access and their knowledge formation and discusses the challenges and possible solutions with empirical focus on the transition between upper-secondary and tertiary education. Globally connected social network sites (‘social media’) are key information sources for many students. Owing to their commodified, algorithmic and non-transparent character, these sites offer little guidance in terms of validation and verification of claims. I propose Media and Information Literacy (MIL) as an important means of minimizing the gap between information access and sound knowledge formation. This is because MIL goes beyond training of access to digital technologies and information search and retrieval. It also trains skills in applying communication technologies for validation, critique and knowledge production. I discuss the challenges posed to education to apply (MIL) as a key pathway to minimizing the gap in order to advance public value and societal resilience and suggest that educational systems shift their focus from teaching to learning in tandem with more inclusive approaches to where learning takes place.
Children’s psychosocial factors of healthy meal preparation as predictors for nutritional status measures
Authors: Ng Choon Ming , Satvinder Kaur , Koo Hui Chin , Yap Roseline Wai Kuan , Mukhtar Firdaus
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Involving school-age children in the preparation of healthy meals is shown to be associated with positive eating behavior. Yet, it remains unclear whether this can extend to their nutritional status. The present study aimed to determine the association of school-age children’s psychosocial factors (knowledge, attitude, practice, self-efficacy) towards healthy meal preparation with their nutritional status (BMI-for-age, waist circumference, body fat percentage). Stratified random sampling was used to select primary schools (n = 8) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Two hundred school children aged between 9–11 years old were involved. Psychosocial factors towards healthy meal preparation were assessed using validated questionnaire. Anthropometry measures were determined using standard protocol. Almost half (46 %) of the school-age children were obese/overweight, 39 % were abdominally obese and 40 % were overfat. Approximately half had poor knowledge (49 %), poor practice (45 %), good attitude (56 %) and good self-efficacy (47 %) towards healthy meal preparation. Significant positive correlations were observed between knowledge with attitude (r = 0.23, p < 0.001); knowledge with self-efficacy (r = 0.30, p < 0.001); attitude with practice (r = 0.34, p < 0.001); attitude with self-efficacy (r = 0.59, p < 0.001) and practice with self-efficacy (r = 0.50, p < 0.001). Adjusted logistic regression revealed that school-age children with good attitude were less likely to be abdominally obese (OR = 0.87, 95 % Cl = 0.78 to 0.96) and overfat (OR = 0.84, 95 % Cl = 0.76 to 0.94). Children with good knowledge had lower risk of being abdominally obese (OR = 0.84, 95 % Cl = 0.72 to 0.97). Findings revealed that children’s psychosocial factors were interrelated, and improvements may have the potential in affecting nutritional status. Hands-on healthy meal preparation should be explored further as an innovative approach to address the obesity epidemic.
Seasonal Variation of the Deep Limb of the Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation at Yap‐Mariana Junction
Authors: Wang Jianing , Ma Qiang , Wang Fan , Lu Youyu , Pratt Larry J.
Published: May 2020

This study reveals the seasonal variability of the lower and upper deep branches of the Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation (L‐PMOC and U‐PMOC) in the Yap‐Mariana Junction (YMJ) channel, a major gateway for deep flow into the western Pacific. On the western side of the YMJ channel, mooring observations in 2017 and in 1997 show the seasonal phase of the L‐PMOC at depths of 3,800–4,400 m: strong northward flow with speed exceeding 20 cm s−1 and lasting from December to next May and weak flow during the following 6 months. On the eastern side of the channel, mooring observations during 2014–2017 show two southward deep flows with broadly seasonal phases, one being the return flow of L‐PMOC below ~4,000 m and with the same phase of L‐PMOC but reduced magnitude. The second, shallower, southward deep flow corresponds to the U‐PMOC observed within 3,000–3,800 m and with opposite phase of L‐PMOC, that is, strong (weak) southward flow appearing during June–November (December–May). Seasonal variations of the L‐PMOC and U‐PMOC are accompanied by the seasonal intrusions of the Lower and Upper Circumpolar Waters (LCPW and UCPW) in lower and upper deep layers, which change the isopycnal structure and the deep currents in a way consistent with geostrophic balance.
The Atmospheric Boundary Layer and the “Gray Zone” of Turbulence: A Critical Review
Authors: Honnert Rachel , Efstathiou Georgios A. , Beare Robert J. , Ito Junshi , Lock Adrian , Neggers Roel , Plant Robert S. , Shin Hyeyum Hailey , Tomassini Lorenzo , Zhou Bowen
Published: May 2020

Recent increases in computing power mean that atmospheric models for numerical weather prediction are now able to operate at grid spacings of the order of a few hundred meters, comparable to the dominant turbulence length scales in the atmospheric boundary layer. As a result, models are starting to partially resolve the coherent overturning structures in the boundary layer. In this resolution regime, the so‐called boundary layer “gray zone,” neither the techniques of high‐resolution atmospheric modeling (a few tens of meters resolution) nor those of traditional meteorological models (a few kilometers resolution) are appropriate because fundamental assumptions behind the parameterizations are violated. Nonetheless, model simulations in this regime may remain highly useful. In this paper, a newly formed gray zone boundary layer community lays the basis for parameterizing gray zone turbulence, identifies the challenges in high‐resolution atmospheric modeling and presents different gray zone boundary layer models. We discuss both the successful applications and the limitations of current parameterization approaches, and consider various issues in extending promising research approaches into use for numerical weather prediction. The ultimate goal of the research is the development of unified boundary layer parameterizations valid across all scales.
Constraints on the Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars, From Mars Science Laboratory Sample Analysis at Mars Evolved Gas Analyses
Authors: McAdam Amy C. , Sutter Brad , Archer P. Douglas , Franz Heather B. , Wong Gregory M. , Lewis James M. T. , Eigenbrode Jennifer L. , Stern Jennifer C. , Knudson Christine A. , Clark Joanna V. , Andrejkovičová Slavka , Ming Douglas W. , Morris Richard V. , Achilles Cherie N. , Rampe Elizabeth B. , Bristow Thomas F. , Navarro‐González Rafael , Mahaffy Paul R. , Thompson Lucy M. , Gellert Ralf , Williams Amy J. , House Christopher H. , Johnson Sarah S.
Published: May 2020

Vera Rubin ridge (VRR) is a topographic high within the layers of Mount Sharp, Gale crater, that exhibits a strong hematite spectral signature from orbit. The Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover carried out a comprehensive investigation to understand the depositional and diagenetic processes recorded in the rocks of VRR. Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) evolved gas analyses (EGA) were performed on three samples from the ridge and one from directly beneath the ridge. SAM evolved H2O data suggested the presence of an Fe‐rich dioctahedral smectite, such as nontronite, in the sample from beneath the ridge. H2O data are also consistent with ferripyrophyllite in VRR samples. SAM SO2 data indicated that all samples contained Mg sulfates and some Fe sulfate. Several volatile detections suggested trace reduced sulfur sources, such as Fe sulfides and/or S‐bearing organic compounds, in two samples while significant O2 and NO evolved from one sample indicated the presence of oxychlorine and nitrate/nitrite salts, respectively. The O2 evolution was the second highest to date and the first observed in ~1,200 sols. HCl released from all samples likely resulted, in part, from trace chloride salts. All samples evolved CO2 and CO consistent with oxidized carbon compounds (e.g., oxalates), while some CO2 may result from carbonate. SAM‐derived constraints on the mineralogy and chemistry of VRR materials, in the context of additional mineralogy, geochemistry, and sedimentology information obtained by Curiosity, support a complex diagenetic history that involved fluids of a range of possible salinities, redox characteristics, pHs, and temperatures.
Illumination of Damage in Intact Rocks by Ultrasonic Transmission‐Reflection and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Shirole Deepanshu , Hedayat Ahmadreza , Walton Gabriel
Published: May 2020

Laboratory‐scale experiments on intact rocks are critical to the development of physics‐based fundamental understanding of various geophysical phenomena. In this work, the capability of ultrasonic wave transmission (T‐mode) and reflection (R‐mode) to monitor damage progression in uniaxially loaded prismatic intact rock specimens has been analyzed, as it is imperative to study the observations and document the capabilities of these techniques in a controlled environment. This study is novel in the sense that the R‐mode linear ultrasonic testing (LUT) has been rarely employed in studying intact rock damage processes in a laboratory setting, with most of the studies utilizing a direct transmission (T‐mode) approach or focusing on macroscopically fractured material. The two‐dimensional digital image correlation (2‐D DIC) full‐field strain measurement approach was also used in‐sync with the LUT monitoring to explicitly correlate the stress‐induced damage in the specimens with the changes observed in the ultrasonic (T‐mode and R‐mode) signals. The results show that both the T‐mode and R‐mode LUT approaches are sensitive to detect the evolution of tensile and shear damage in the specimens, with the R‐mode ultrasonic signals showing higher degree of sensitivity to the damage in the rocks, immediately following the initiation of damage in the rock volume.
Differential Responses of Maximum Versus Median Chlorophyll‐a to Air Temperature and Nutrient Loads in an Oligotrophic Lake Over 31 Years
Authors: Ward Nicole K. , Steele Bethel G. , Weathers Kathleen C. , Cottingham Kathryn L. , Ewing Holly A. , Hanson Paul C. , Carey Cayelan C.
Published: May 2020

Globally, phytoplankton abundance is increasing in lakes as a result of climate change and land‐use change. The relative importance of climate and land‐use drivers has been examined primarily for mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes. However, oligotrophic lakes show different sensitivity to climate and land‐use drivers than mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes, necessitating further exploration of the relative contribution of the two drivers of change to increased phytoplankton abundance. Here, we investigated how air temperature (a driver related to climate change) and nutrient load (a driver related to land‐use and climate change) interact to alter water quality in oligotrophic Lake Sunapee, New Hampshire, USA. We used long‐term data and the one‐dimensional hydrodynamic General Lake Model (GLM) coupled with Aquatic EcoDyanmics (AED) modules to simulate water quality. Over the 31‐year simulation, summer median chlorophyll‐a concentration was positively associated with summer air temperature, whereas annual maximum chlorophyll‐a concentration was positively associated with the previous 3 years of external phosphorus load. Scenario testing demonstrated a 2°C increase in air temperature significantly increased summer median chlorophyll‐a concentration, but not annual maximum chlorophyll‐a concentration. For both maximum and median chlorophyll‐a concentration, doubling external nutrient loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus at the same time, or doubling phosphorus alone, resulted in a significant increase. This study highlights the importance of aligning lake measurements with the ecosystem metrics of interest, as maximum chlorophyll‐a concentration may be more uniquely sensitive to nutrient load and that typical summer chlorophyll‐a concentration may increase due to warming alone.
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in anticancer therapy and normal tissue damage
Authors: Choi Kyu Jin , Nam Jae-Kyung , Kim Ji-Hee , Choi Seo-Hyun , Lee Yoon-Jin
Published: May 2020

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) involves the phenotypic conversion of endothelial-to-mesenchymal cells, and was first discovered in association with embryonic heart development. EndMT can regulate various processes, such as tissue fibrosis and cancer. Recent findings have shown that EndMT is related to resistance to cancer therapy, such as chemotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy, and radiation therapy. Based on the known effects of EndMT on the cardiac toxicity of anticancer therapy and tissue damage of radiation therapy, we propose that EndMT can be targeted as a strategy for overcoming tumor resistance while reducing complications, such as tissue damage. In this review, we discuss EndMT and its roles in damaging cardiac and lung tissues, as well as EndMT-related effects on tumor vasculature and resistance in anticancer therapy. Modulating EndMT in radioresistant tumors and radiation-induced tissue fibrosis can especially increase the efficacy of radiation therapy. In addition, we review the role of hypoxia and reactive oxygen species as the main stimulating factors of tissue damage due to vascular damage and EndMT. We consider drugs that may be clinically useful for regulating EndMT in various diseases. Finally, we argue the importance of EndMT as a therapeutic target in anticancer therapy for reducing tissue damage.
AI empowered metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Shuang
Published: May 2020

Dynamic metasurfaces are endowed with self-adaptive and learning capabilities, enabling an array of important applications ranging from satellite communications to the monitoring of human health and activities.
A pre-specified model based on four kallikrein markers in blood improves predictions of adverse pathology and biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Haese Alexander , Tin Amy L. , Carlsson Sigrid V. , Sjoberg Daniel D. , Pehrke Dirk , Steuber Thomas , Huland Hartwig , Graefen Markus , Scardino Peter T. , Schlomm Thorsten , Vickers Andrew J. , Lilja Hans , Sauter Guido
Published: May 2020

Background

A pre-specified model based on four kallikrein markers in blood, commercially available as 4Kscore, predicts Gleason Grade (GG) 3 + 4 or higher prostate cancer on biopsy. However, sampling error and variation in pathology reporting may miss aggressive disease.

Methods

The 4Kscore was measured in cryopreserved blood from 2330 men obtained before prostatectomy at a single institution between 2002 and 2010. Adverse surgical pathology and biochemical recurrence (BCR) were pre-specified to be assessed in all men, biopsy GG 3 + 3, and 3 + 4.

Results

Adjusted for established clinical predictors, the 4Kscore was significantly associated with adverse pathology (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.32, 1.67; p < 0.0001). Adding 4Kscore increased discrimination from (AUC) 0.672 to 0.718 and 0.644 to 0.659 within biopsy GG 3 + 3 and 3 + 4, respectively. Higher 4Kscore was associated with higher risk of BCR (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06, 1.26; p = 0.001). Adding 4Kscore improved the prediction of BCR (C-index 0.630–0.660) within GG 3 + 3, but not GG 3 + 4.

Conclusions

The 4Kscore can help guide the clinical decision whether additional risk assessment—such as confirmatory biopsy—is needed to decide between active surveillance versus curative therapy. Evidence that the panel could influence management in biopsy GG 3 + 4 is less strong and requires further investigation.
Molecular mechanisms of methylglyoxal-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction in human vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Lee Jae Hyuk , Parveen Amna , Do Moon Ho , Kang Min Cheol , Yumnam Silvia , Kim Sun Yeou
Published: May 2020

Methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and AGE formation are specific events that induce vascular endothelial cell (EC) toxicity in endothelial dysfunction (ED). MGO accumulates quickly in various tissues and plays a prominent role in the pathogeneses of several diabetic complications. Unbalanced angiogenesis is a gateway to the development of diabetic complications. EC apoptosis and autophagy work together to regulate angiogenesis by interacting with different angiogenic factors. In addition to understanding the deep mechanism regarding MGO-dependent autophagy/apoptosis may provide new therapeutic applications to treat diabetes and diabetic complications. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of MGO-induced autophagy and apoptosis on angiogenesis in HAoEC and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms to discover new target base therapy for diabetes and diabetic complications. In MGO-stimulated HAoEC, protein expression was identified using a western blot, autophagosomes were observed by bio-transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cell autophagic vacuoles and flux were measured using a confocal microscope. We found that MGO significantly induced autophagy, declined the pro-angiogenic effect, decreased proliferation, migration, and formation of tube-like structures, and increased autophagic vacuoles, flux and autophagosomes in the HAoEC in a dose-dependent manner. We observed that MGO-induced autophagic cell death and inhibited the ROS-mediated Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. MGO also triggered apoptosis by elevating the cleaved caspase-3 to Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and through activation of the ROS-mediated MAPKs (p-JNK, p-p38, and p-ERK) signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings suggest that autophagy and apoptosis inhibit angiogenesis via the ROS-mediated Akt/mTOR and MAPKs signaling pathways, respectively, when HAoEC are treated with MGO.
Electrically tunable photonic band gap structure in monodomain blue-phase liquid crystals
Authors: Manda Ramesh , Pagidi Srinivas , Heo Yunjin , Lim Young Jin , Kim MinSu , Lee Seung Hee
Published: May 2020

Photonic band gap materials have the ability to modulate light. When they can be dynamically controlled beyond static modulation, their versatility improves and they become very useful in scientific and industrial applications. The quality of photonic band gap materials depends on the tunable wavelength range, dynamic controllability, and wavelength selectivity in response to external cues. In this paper, we demonstrate an electrically tunable photonic band gap material that covers a wide range (241 nm) in the visible spectrum and is based on a monodomain blue-phase liquid crystal stabilized by nonmesogenic and chiral mesogenic monomers. With this approach, we can accurately tune a reflection wavelength that possesses a narrow bandwidth (27 nm) even under a high electric field. The switching is fully reversible owing to a relatively small hysteresis with a fast response time, and it also shows a wider viewing angle than that of cholesteric liquid crystals. We believe that the proposed material has the potential to tune color filters and bandpass filters.
The Chemistry of Medical and Dental Materials
Authors: Nicholson John W
Published: May 2020

With synthetic implants such as hip joints, heart valves and dental crowns now routinely used in the human body for medical purposes, study of the metals, ceramics and polymers used in these repairs is more important than ever. The Chemistry of Medical and Dental Materials examines the properties and interactions of these materials within the body at a molecular level, and includes discussion of bioengineering and cell biology, with accounts of the surgical procedures used, as well as extensive coverage of the possible biological reactions to the presence of foreign materials in the body.

Acknowledging the substantial growth of the biomaterials field since the first edition, this second edition sees each chapter comprehensively revised and updated. The new edition also includes a new chapter on ethical perspectives, covering issues from animal and human subject testing to the availability of treatments for poorer socio-economic groups.

With detailed reviews of the current literature, this book will be a key resource for researchers and practitioners in biomaterials science and dental biomaterials who are involved in the development of new and improved repair materials.
A dual redox-responsive supramolecular polymer driven by molecular recognition between bisporphyrin and trinitrofluorenone
Authors: Hisano Naoyuki , Hirao Takehiro , Haino Takeharu
Published: May 2020

A dual redox-responsive supramolecular polymer driven by molecular recognition between bisporphyrin (bisPor) and trinitrofluorenone (TNF) has been developed.
Impact of anion shape on Li+solvation and on transport properties for lithium–air batteries: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Fiates Juliane , Zhang Yong , Franco Luís F. M. , Maginn Edward J. , Doubek Gustavo
Published: May 2020

Here we report the influence of the anion shape over the solvation structure and transport properties over commonly employed Li–O2electrolytes and discuss their implications for the device.
Visualization and understanding of the degradation behaviors of a PEFC Pt/C cathode electrocatalyst using a multi-analysis system combining time-resolved quick XAFS, three-dimensional XAFS-CT, and same-view nano-XAFS/STEM-EDS techniques
Authors: Higashi Kotaro , Takao Shinobu , Samjeské Gabor , Matsui Hirosuke , Tada Mizuki , Uruga Tomoya , Iwasawa Yasuhiro
Published: May 2020

We developed a multi-analysis system that can measure in situ time-resolved quick XAFS and in situ three-dimensional XAFS-CT in the same area of a cathode electrocatalyst layer in a membrane-electrode assembly of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
Gallic acid reduces the viscosity and water binding capacity of soluble dietary fibers
Authors: Tudorache Mihaela , McDonald Jean-Luc , Bordenave Nicolas
Published: May 2020

Water binding capacity and viscosity of soluble dietary fibers are known to be essential drivers of their nutritional benefits.
Calibration of LA-ICP-MS via standard addition using dried picoliter droplets
Authors: Kuczelinis Felix , Petersen Jan Hauke , Weis Peter , Bings Nicolas H.
Published: May 2020

The calibration of LA-ICP-MS is achieved using a highly precise and inexpensive dosing device for pL-droplets based on a commercial inkjet cartridge.
Breast cancer: insights in disease and influence of drug methotrexate
Authors: Yang Vítor , Gouveia Maria João , Santos Joana , Koksch Beate , Amorim Irina , Gärtner Fátima , Vale Nuno
Published: May 2020

Methotrexate might be valuable to fight breast cancer.
Bis-biphenylacrylonitrile bridged with crown ether chain: a novel fluorescence sensor for Fe3+ in aqueous media
Authors: Ma Haifeng , Wu Rongqin , Xiong Jie , Guo Hongyu , Yang Fafu
Published: May 2020

A novel fluorescence sensor for Fe3+ in aqueous media was developed and applied for living-cell imaging.
Anomalous chemically induced electron spin polarization in proton-coupled electron transfer reactions: insight into radical pair dynamics
Authors: Brugh Alexander M. , Forbes Malcolm D. E.
Published: May 2020

Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy has been used to study the proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction between a Ruthenium complex (Ru(bpz)(bpy)2) and several substituted hydroquinones (HQ).
Regulatory thiol oxidation in chloroplast metabolism, oxidative stress response and environmental signaling in plants
Authors: Vogelsang Lara , Dietz Karl-Josef
Published: May 2020

The antagonism between thiol oxidation and reduction enables efficient control of protein function and is used as central mechanism in cellular regulation. The best-studied mechanism is the dithiol-disulfide transition in the Calvin Benson Cycle in photosynthesis, including mixed disulfide formation by glutathionylation. The adjustment of the proper thiol redox state is a fundamental property of all cellular compartments. The glutathione redox potential of the cytosol, stroma, matrix and nucleoplasm usually ranges between −300 and −320 mV. Thiol reduction proceeds by short electron transfer cascades consisting of redox input elements and redox transmitters such as thioredoxins. Thiol oxidation ultimately is linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Enhanced ROS production under stress shifts the redox network to more positive redox potentials. ROS do not react randomly but primarily with few specific redox sensors in the cell. The most commonly encountered reaction within the redox regulatory network however is the disulfide swapping. The thiol oxidation dynamics also involves transnitrosylation. This review compiles present knowledge on this network and its central role in sensing environmental cues with focus on chloroplast metabolism.
Effect of hnRNPA2/B1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma U251 cells via the regulation of AKT and STAT3 pathways
Authors: Yin Decheng , Kong Chengxiang , Chen Muhu
Published: May 2020

Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the human central nervous system. Although heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) was previously presumed to be a tumor-promoting gene, the relationship between hnRNPA2/B1 and glioma is unclear. Targeting hnRNPA2/B1 interference in glioma cells can significantly inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis of human glioma cells in vitro. In a tumor xenograft model, knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 suppressed tumor growth in glioma cells in vivo. In terms of a mechanism, the knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 led to inactivation of the AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways, which ultimately reduced the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), CyclinD1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Collectively, these data suggest that the inhibition of hnRNPA2/B1 can reduce the growth of gliomas through STAT3 and AKT signaling pathways, and this inhibition is expected to be a therapeutic target for gliomas.
Molecular gas and star formation activity in luminous infrared galaxies in clusters at intermediate redshifts
Authors: Castignani G. , Jablonka P. , Combes F. , Haines C. P. , Rawle T. , Jauzac M. , Egami E. , Krips M. , Spérone-Longin D. , Arnaud M. , García-Burillo S. , Schinnerer E. , Bigiel F.
Published: May 2020

We investigate the role of dense megaparsec-scale environments in processing molecular gas of cluster galaxies as they fall into the cluster cores. We selected a sample of ∼20 luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) belonging to intermediate-redshift clusters, mainly from the Herschel Lensing Survey and the Local Cluster Substructure Survey. These galaxies include MACS J0717.5+3745 at z = 0.546 and Abell 697, 963, 1763, and 2219 at z = 0.2 − 0.3. We performed spectral energy distribution modeling from the far-infrared to ultraviolet of the LIRGs, which span cluster-centric distances within r/r200 ≃ 0.2 − 1.6. We observed the LIRGs in CO(1→0) or CO(2→1) with the Plateau de Bure interferometer and its successor NOEMA, as part of five observational programs carried out between 2012 and 2017. We compared the molecular gas to stellar mass ratio M(H2)/M⋆, star formation rate (SFR), and depletion time (τdep) of the LIRGs with those of a compilation of cluster and field star-forming galaxies from the literature. The targeted LIRGs have SFR, M(H2)/M⋆, and τdep that are consistent with those of both main-sequence (MS) field galaxies and star-forming galaxies from the comparison sample. However we find that the depletion time, normalized to the MS value, tentatively increases with increasing r/r200, with a significance of 2.8σ, which is ultimately due to a deficit of cluster-core LIRGs with τdep ≳ τdep, MS. We suggest that a rapid exhaustion of the molecular gas reservoirs occurs in the cluster LIRGs and is indeed effective in suppressing their star formation and ultimately quenching them. This mechanism may explain the exponential decrease of the fraction of cluster LIRGs with cosmic time. The compression of the gas in LIRGs, possibly induced by intra-cluster medium shocks, may be responsible for the short timescales that are observed in a large fraction of cluster-core LIRGs. Some of our LIRGs may also belong to a population of infalling filament galaxies.
Design and prototyping of dual axis solar tracking system for performance enhancement of solar photo-voltaic power plant
Authors: Patil Ashish , Dhavalikar Mangesh , Dingare Sunil , Bhojwani Virendra
Published: May 2020

Increase in the world energy demand has made renewable energy source as one of the best option. It is finding wide utility in comparison with the other sources of energy. Solar energy is one of the major source of renewable energy. The abundance of solar energy in India makes it highly desirable to exploit but due to the limitations of technology, only a fraction of the energy can be extracted and used. This paper describes a concept for solar detection sensor implementation in Photo-Voltaic (PV) dual-axis solar tracking systems. The system uses only three units of identical light-detecting- resistors (LDR) arranged on the three sides of tetrahedron geometry and is able to track the light source position at the strongest intensity of visible light. On the basis of comparative study of outputs of all the three LDRs, the panel will tilt so as to get maximum output from the system. This system results in a wide field of view with minimum error and also has advantages in terms of sensor quantity, size of the system, accuracy and effectiveness.
Poly (N-Methyl Aniline)-Li Nanocomposite as an Electrolyte for Rechargeable Battery: In-situ Recipe
Authors: Pande Nishigandh , Jambhale Adinath , Jaspal Dipika , Ambekar Jalinder , Patil Himanshu
Published: May 2020

The synthesis of cost-effective and safe polymeric nanocomposite materials has been a subject of interest and study for material science researchers. Poly (N-Methyl Aniline) –Li nanocomposite has been synthesized by a one-pot in-situ method and has been explored as an electrolyte in the battery. Poly (N-Methyl Aniline)-Li nanocomposite prepared, has been characterized by UV-visible, FTIR, FE-SEM, X-ray diffraction techniques. A mechanism of interaction of lithiumion with nitrogen at the imine site has been proposed. The charge-discharge process of poly (N-Methyl Aniline) –Li nanocomposite, when used in the battery, has been discussed.
Experimental analysis of magnetic field effects on compressor energy saving cooling system
Authors: Sidheshware Rakesh Kumar , Ganesan S , Bhojwani Virendra K
Published: May 2020

A research on different refrigerants with and without influence of the magnetic field is provided in this paper. The magnetic field degree viz is four gauss. The condenser exit row was 3000, 6000, 9000 and 12000 gauss. Magnetic fields at condenser exit lines are found to reduce the consumption of the compressor energy. Through applying magnet fields on R134a, compressor energy savings was observed up to 1.35%, 6.23%, 5.40% and 4.19%, respectively, in gauss levels of 3000, 6000, 9000 and 12000, while R152a savings in energy levels were up 13.10%, 15.59% and 25.86% and R407a saving in power up to 7.3%, 9.19%, 13.05% and 12.40%. The coolant R152a saves energy in contrast to other coolant compressors. As the magnetic field strength increases, a vapor refrigeration system decreases the energy consumption of the compressor.
Thermal Analysis of Vertical Plate Fin Heat Sink
Authors: Sathe Anilkumar , Sanap Sudarshan , Dingare Sunil , Sane Narayan
Published: May 2020

Heat Sinks are widely used to remove the heat from the components which are generating heat during their functioning. Overheating causes malfunctioning of the components as well as it is responsible for reducing their life. Free convection is very common way of heat transfer from the heat sink considering power requirement, pressure drop and cost of the forced convection. This paper presents the thermal analysis of vertical plate fin heat sink by theoretical and experimental method at variable heat input. The results are obtained by taking experimental observations and are validated with already existing correlations suggested by various researchers in the literature.
A Study on Performance Enhancement of Parabolic Trough Collector
Authors: Bawane Aditya , Lakade Sanjay , Bhojwani Virendra
Published: May 2020

Solar energy is available in abundant quantity which can be utilized for thermal and power generation applications. The maximum solar energy extraction for application is challenging. This review focuses on the performance enhancement of parabolic trough collector. Heat transfer through absorber tube, various nanofluids with concentration is stated. Thermal efficiency increases due to the use of parabolic collector with booster reflector and glass cover over the system performance. The complex 3D analysis (ANSYS) gives accurate distribution of heat flux over the absorber tube.
Friction welding of Aluminium Alloy 6063 with copper
Authors: Chapke Yashwant , Kamble Dinesh , Shaikh Saoud Md. Salim
Published: May 2020

Friction welding process is a forging welding process in which work piece are joined due to heat produced by friction between two joining surfaces and upset pressure is applied by non-rotating work piece. Joining of aluminum alloy with dissimilar material is important research area to focus on as maximum aircraft structures havexx Aluminum alloy frame and aerospace designers familiar with Aluminum alloy and its design considerations. After comparison of mechanical properties and application of light weight alloys aluminum alloys, tungsten, stainless steel and copper, copper selected as dissimilar material to join with Aluminum alloy AA6063. AA 6063 also known as architectural alloy selected based upon its properties. This dissimilar joint of AA6063 and Copper has application in electrical conductors as copper is good electrical conductivity and used in maximum electrical conductors. In this research work AA6063 joined with Copper successfully using Rotary Friction Welding process. Through process study effective process parameters like Friction Pressure, Upset Pressure, Spindle Speed, and Friction Time identified and their effect on weld joint strength were studied.Testing for measuring UTS of friction welded joint conducted. Using DOE tool optimized set process parameters for friction welding identified and their effect on weld joint strength studied experimentally. Maximum UTS of 222.787 MPa for Friction welded joint achieved, bend test also performed on friction welded samples.
Anomaly Detection for Predictive Maintenance in Industry 4.0- A survey
Authors: Kamat Pooja , Sugandhi Rekha
Published: May 2020

Maintenance and reliability professionals in the manufacturing industry have the primary goal of improving asset availability. Poor and fewer maintenance strategies can result in lower productivity of machinery. At the same time unplanned downtimes due to frequent maintenance activities can lead to financial loss. This has put organizations’ thought process into a trade-off situation to choose between extending the remaining functional life of the equipment at the risk of taking machine down (run-to-failure) or attempting to improve uptime by carrying out early and periodic replacement of potentially good parts which could have run successfully for a few more cycles. Predictive maintenance (PdM) aims to break these tradeoffs by empowering manufacturers to improve the remaining useful life of their machines and at the same time avoiding unplanned downtime and decreasing planned downtime. Anomaly detection lies at the core of PdM with the primary focus on finding anomalies in the working equipment at early stages and alerting the manufacturing supervisor to carry out maintenance activity. This paper describes the challenges in traditional anomaly detection strategies and propose a novel deep learning technique to predict abnormalities ahead of actual failure of the machinery.