bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions in Schoolchildren: Effects of Ear Asymmetry, Handedness, and Gender
Authors: Keogh Tegan , Kei Joseph , Driscoll Carlie , Smyth Veronica
Published: March 2022

The present study examined effects of ear asymmetry, handedness, and gender on distortionproduct otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) obtained from schoolchildren. A total of 1003 children (528 boys and 475 girls), with a mean age of 6.2 years (SD = 0.4, range = 5.2–7.9 years), were tested in a quiet room at their schools using the GSI-60 DPOAE system. A distortion-product (DP)-gram was obtained for each ear, with f2 varying from 1.1 to 6.0 kHz and the ratio of f2/f 1 at 1.21. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) (DPOAE amplitude minus the mean noise floor) at the tested frequencies 1.1,1.5, 1.9, 2.4, 3.0, 3.8, 4.8, and 6.0 kHz were measured. The results revealed a small but significant difference in SNR between ears, with right ears showing a higher mean SNR than left ears at 1.9, 3.0, 3.8, and 6.0 kHz. At these frequencies, the difference in mean SNR between ears was less than 1 dB. A significant gender effect was also found. Girls exhibited a higher SNR than boys at 3.8, 4.8, and 6.0 kHz. The difference in mean SNR, as a result of the gender effect, was about 1 to 2 dB at these frequencies. There was no significant difference in mean SNR between left-handed and right-handed children for all tested frequencies.

Abbreviations: DPOAE = distortion-product otoacoustic emission, OAE = otoacoustic emission, SNR = signal-to-noise ratio, SOAE = spontaneous otoacoustic emission, TEOAE = transient evoked otoacoustic emission
On the selection of relevant historical demand data for revenue management applied to transportation
Authors: Ahlberg Ernst , Mirkina Irina , Olsson Alfred , Söyland Christian , Carlsson Lars
Published: March 2022

The success of revenue management models depends to a large extent on the quality of historical data used to forecast future bookings. Several theoretical models and best practices of handing historical data have been developed over the years, that all rely on assumptions about underlying distribution and seasonality in the historical data. In this paper, we describe a novel method that compares the fingerprints of the departure to optimise and selects historical departures without making assumptions on data distribution or seasonality. By evaluating the method at the departure level and using the Nemenyi rank test, we show the method’s application in the ferry transportation business and discuss its advantages.
An unproblematized truth: Foucault, biopolitics, and the making of a sociological canon
Authors: Meloni Maurizio
Published: March 2022

Foucault’s argument that a major break occurred in the nature of power in the European Eighteenth century—an unprecedented socialization of medicine and concern for the health of bodies and populations, the birth of biopolitics—has become since the 1990s a dominant narrative among sociologists but is rarely if ever scrutinized in its premises. This article problematizes Foucault’s periodization about the politics of health and the way its story has been solidified into an uncritical account. Building on novel historiographic work, it challenges the modernist bias of histories of biopolitics and public health and considers an earlier and more plural history of collective practices of health of which the story told by Foucault is just one important episode. Finally, it discusses the implications of this revised model for wider sociological debates on the link between modernity, health and the body.
Voices from the past: economic and political vulnerabilities in the making of next generation EU
Authors: Armingeon Klaus , de la Porte Caroline , Heins Elke , Sacchi Stefano
Published: March 2022

In this article, we show that Next Generation EU (NGEU) is mainly a response to the economic and political imbalances left over from the Eurozone crisis. It is a pre-emptive intervention, especially targeted at structurally weak economies with rising Euroscepticism, to avoid costly ex-post bailouts as in the Great Recession. We demonstrate, using quantitative analysis, that pre-existing vulnerabilities, rather than the impact of the pandemic, drove the allocation of NGEU resources: per capita grants largely correspond to past economic vulnerabilities, as well as to political ones. Countries most vulnerable to another adjustment by austerity after the COVID-19 economic crisis receive most resources. Also, countries with strong anti-EU sentiments are entitled to larger NGEU grants per capita. In contrast, grants are not correlated with the severity of the health crisis. Then, we show the domestic relevance of economic and political vulnerabilities through qualitative case studies of national political debates and domestic positions on NGEU in Italy, Germany and the Netherlands. Despite its innovative traits, NGEU is a politically constrained solution to address the mess from the previous decade, and as such, it is a Janus solution: promising a fresh start, but haunted by the past.
Testing the performance of secondary anvils shaped with focused ion beam from the single-crystal diamond for use in double-stage diamond anvil cells
Authors: Khandarkhaeva Saiana , Fedotenko Timofey , Krupp Alena , Glazyrin Konstantin , Dong Weiwei , Liermann Hanns-Peter , Bykov Maxim , Kurnosov Alexander , Dubrovinskaia Natalia , Dubrovinsky Leonid
Published: March 2022

The success of high-pressure research relies on the inventive design of pressure-generating instruments and materials used for their construction. In this study, the anvils of conical frustum or disk shapes with flat or modified culet profiles (toroidal or beveled) were prepared by milling an Ia-type diamond plate made of a (100)-oriented single crystal using the focused ion beam. Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron x-ray diffraction were applied to evaluate the efficiency of the anvils for pressure multiplication in different modes of operation: as single indenters forced against the primary anvil in diamond anvil cells (DACs) or as pairs of anvils forced together in double-stage DACs (dsDACs). All types of secondary anvils performed well up to about 250 GPa. The pressure multiplication factor of single indenters appeared to be insignificantly dependent on the shape of the anvils and their culets’ profiles. The enhanced pressure multiplication factor found for pairs of toroidally shaped secondary anvils makes this design very promising for ultrahigh-pressure experiments in dsDACs.
Random attractors for stochastic discrete complex Ginzburg–Landau equations with long-range interactions
Authors: Chen Yiju , Wang Xiaohu
Published: March 2022

This paper is concerned with the pathwise dynamics of a class of stochastic discrete complex Ginzburg–Landau equations with long-range interactions. Under suitable assumptions on the weight function and coupling parameters of long-range interactions, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the random attractor for the considered system in weighted space.
A model for analyzing competitive dynamics on triplex networks
Authors: Yang Qirui , Wu Xiaoqun , Fan Ziye
Published: March 2022

This paper studies the evolution process of competitive dynamics on triplex complex networks. We propose a new triplex network model in which the state of the node in each layer is affected by its neighbors as well as inter-layer competition. Through this model, we combine the opinion diffusion model, the Ising model, and the signed network and extend their application from single-layer to multi-layer networks. We derive the evolution process and dynamical equations of the model and carry out a series of numerical simulations to discuss the influence of several factors on the evolution process and the competitiveness of the network. First, we find that the increase of global transition threshold p or the proportion of initial active nodes will lead to more surviving layers and more active nodes in each layer. In addition, we summarize the similarities and differences of the evolution curves under different conditions. Second, we discuss the influence of initial active nodes and the average degree on the competitiveness of the network and find the correlations between them. Finally, we study the relationship between network topology and network competitiveness and conclude the conditions for the best competitiveness of the network. Based on the simulation results, we give specific suggestions on how to improve the competitiveness of the platform in reality.
Universal turbulence scaling law −8/3 at fusion implosion
Authors: Chefranov Sergei G. , Chefranov Artem S.
Published: March 2022

A new interpretation of the known results of simulation of the turbulent regime at the time before the stagnation stage of fusion implosion is stated. For this aim, the universal turbulence energy spectrum obtained by the authors with a scaling law −8/3, which corresponds to the exact solution of one-dimensional Euler equations for the dynamics of a compressible medium, is used. It is stated that the scaling law −8/3 has more relevance in comparison with the Kolmogorov spectrum of −5/3 in the inertial sub-range of scales for the compressible turbulence at this stage of fusion implosion. A possible mechanism for the occurrence of the anisotropic spectrum −8/3 in turbulence associated with hydrodynamic instability of rotation of the medium behind the shock wave front is considered.
Fast long-wavelength exchange spin waves in partially compensated Ga:YIG
Authors: Böttcher T. , Ruhwedel M. , Levchenko K. O. , Wang Q. , Chumak H. L. , Popov M. A. , Zavislyak I. V. , Dubs C. , Surzhenko O. , Hillebrands B. , Chumak A. V. , Pirro P.
Published: March 2022

Spin waves in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) nano-structures attract increasing attention from the perspective of novel magnon-based data processing applications. For short wavelengths needed in small-scale devices, the group velocity is directly proportional to the spin-wave exchange stiffness constant λex. Using wave vector resolved Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy, we directly measure λex in Ga-substituted YIG thin films and show that it is about three times larger than for pure YIG. Consequently, the spin-wave group velocity overcomes the one in pure YIG for wavenumbers k > 4 rad/μm, and the ratio between the velocities reaches a constant value of around 3.4 for all k > 20 rad/μm. As revealed by vibrating-sample magnetometry and ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Ga:YIG films with thicknesses down to 59 nm have a low Gilbert damping (α<10−3), a decreased saturation magnetization μ0MS≈20 mT, and a pronounced out-of-plane uniaxial anisotropy of about μ0Hu1≈95 mT, which leads to an out-of-plane easy axis. Thus, Ga:YIG opens access to fast and isotropic spin-wave transport for all wavelengths in nano-scale systems independently of dipolar effects.
Effects of ferromagnetic branch structures on coercivity of alnico permanent magnets
Authors: Won Hoyun , Hong Yang-Ki , Choi Minyeong , Mankey Gary J. , Lee Jongkook , Lee Taegyu , Lim Tae Won
Published: March 2022

The effects of various branches geometry and dimensions such as length, thickness, and width for H-, U-, O-, YH- and YU-shaped alnico structures on coercivity (Hci) using micromagnetic simulation for coherent rotation and curling modes are investigated. The simulation results suggest that the H-shaped structure needs long and short branch length for the coherent rotation and curling, respectively, regardless of branch thickness and width to realize high Hci. Short branch length with thin thickness and short width are recommended for both rotations for the U- and O-shaped structures. Lastly, both Y-shaped structures need branch with long length, thin thickness, and mid-long width for the coherent rotation, but short width for the YH-shaped and mid-long width for the YU-shaped regardless of length and thickness for curling are desired. Furthermore, among the five studied structures, H- or YH-shaped structure for coherent rotation and O-shaped structure for curling are highly recommended for fabrication to realize a high Hci.
Appraisal of functional significance of sulfur assimilatory products in plants under elevated metal accumulation
Authors: Rather Bilal A. , Mir Iqbal R. , Gautam Harsha , Majid Arif , Anjum Naser A. , Masood Asim , Khan Nafees A.
Published: March 2022

Plants varyingly serve as control agents for heavy metal loads in environmental compartments, including soils, by accumulating and partitioning most heavy metals in their organs. However, by doing this wonderful job, the plant health and productivity get affected because of the elevated cellular heavy metals. Therefore, exploration of approaches for strengthening plant’s tolerance to cellular heavy metals is very imperative. As an indispensable macronutrient in plants, sulfur (S) is widely known to assist numerous plant functions and is also argued as vital element for various plant metabolic processes both in normal and stressed conditions. However, the discussion on the heavy metal-specific roles of S-containing compounds in plants have been considered least. In this paper, the aspects discussed included the following: (1) heavy metals and their relation with plants; and nutrient-management and S in control of metal stress-impacts in plants are introduced; (2) major insights into S-assimilation and -assimilatory products are overviewed; (3) important roles of assimilatory products in plant tolerance to common heavy metals are highlighted, and (4) metal-specific influence on assimilatory products in plants are discussed.
Global patterns in the predator satiation effect of masting: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zwolak Rafał , Celebias Paulina , Bogdziewicz Michał
Published: March 2022

Significance

Masting, or synchronous production of large seed crops, is widespread among plants. The predator satiation hypothesis states that masting evolved to overwhelm seed predators with an excess of food. Yet, this popular explanation faced few rigorous tests. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that related the magnitude of seed production to the intensity of seed predation. Our results validate certain theoretical notions (e.g., that predator satiation is more effective at higher latitudes) but challenge others (e.g., that specialist and generalist consumers differ in the type of functional response to masting). We also found that masting is losing its ability to satiate consumers, probably because global warming affected masting patterns. This shift might considerably impair the reproduction of masting plants.
A single factor elicits multilineage reprogramming of astrocytes in the adult mouse striatum
Authors: Zhang Yunjia , Li Boxun , Cananzi Sergio , Han Chuanhui , Wang Lei-Lei , Zou Yuhua , Fu Yang-Xin , Hon Gary C. , Zhang Chun-Li
Published: March 2022

Significance

Outside the neurogenic niches, the adult brain lacks multipotent progenitor cells. In this study, we performed a series of in vivo screens and reveal that a single factor can induce resident brain astrocytes to become induced neural progenitor cells (iNPCs), which then generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Such a conclusion is supported by single-cell RNA sequencing and multiple lineage-tracing experiments. Our discovery of iNPCs is fundamentally important for regenerative medicine since neural injuries or degeneration often lead to loss/dysfunction of all three neural lineages. Our findings also provide insights into cell plasticity in the adult mammalian brain, which has largely lost the regenerative capacity.
Accurate positioning of functional residues with robotics-inspired computational protein design
Authors: Krivacic Cody , Kundert Kale , Pan Xingjie , Pache Roland A. , Liu Lin , O Conchúir Shane , Jeliazkov Jeliazko R. , Gray Jeffrey J. , Thompson Michael C. , Fraser James S. , Kortemme Tanja
Published: March 2022

Significance

Computational protein design promises to advance applications in medicine and biotechnology by creating proteins with many new and useful functions. However, new functions require the design of specific and often irregular atom-level geometries, which remains a major challenge. Here, we develop computational methods that design and predict local protein geometries with greater accuracy than existing methods. Then, as a proof of concept, we leverage these methods to design new protein conformations in the enzyme ketosteroid isomerase that change the protein’s preference for a key functional residue. Our computational methods are openly accessible and can be applied to the design of other intricate geometries customized for new user-defined protein functions.
A serotonergic circuit regulates aversive associative learning under mitochondrial stress in
C. elegans
Authors: Chiang Yueh-Chen , Liao Chien-Po , Pan Chun-Liang
Published: March 2022

Significance

Physiological stress triggers avoidance behavior, allowing the animals to stay away from potential threats and optimize their chance of survival. Mitochondrial disruption, a common physiological stress in diverse species, induces the nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans
to avoid non-pathogenic bacteria through a serotonergic neuronal circuit. We find that distinct neurons, communicated through serotonin and a specific serotonin receptor, are required for the formation and retrieval of this learned aversive behavior. This learned avoidance behavior is associated with increased serotonin synthesis, altered neuronal response property, and reprogramming of locomotion patterns. The circuit and neuromodulatory mechanisms described here offer important insights for stress-induced avoidance behavior.
Direct and indirect gene repression by the ecdysone cascade during mosquito reproductive cycle
Authors: Roy Sourav , Saha Tusar T. , Ha Jisu , Banerjee Roumik , Aksoy Emre , Kulkarni Aditi , Raikhel Alexander S.
Published: March 2022

Significance

Hematophagous
Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes spread devastating viral diseases. Upon blood feeding, a steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), initiates a reproductive program during which thousands of genes are differentially expressed. While 20E-mediated gene activation is well known, repressive action by this hormone remains poorly understood. Using bioinformatics and molecular biological approaches, we have identified the mechanisms of 20E-dependent direct and indirect transcriptional repression by the ecdysone receptor (EcR). While indirect repression involves E74, EcR binds to an ecdysone response element different from those utilized in 20E-mediated gene activation to exert direct repressive action. Moreover, liganded EcR recruits a corepressor Mi2, initiating chromatin compaction. This study advances our understanding of the 20E-EcR repression mechanism and could lead to improved vector control approaches.
Multiple lines of evidence of early goose domestication in a 7,000-y-old rice cultivation village in the lower Yangtze River, China
Authors: Eda Masaki , Itahashi Yu , Kikuchi Hiroki , Sun Guoping , Hsu Kai-hsuan , Gakuhari Takashi , Yoneda Minoru , Jiang Leping , Yang Guomei , Nakamura Shinichi
Published: March 2022

Significance

We studied goose bones from Tianluoshan—a 7,000-y-old rice cultivation village in the lower Yangtze River valley, China—using histological, geochemical, biochemical, and morphological approaches. Our analyses reveal an early stage of goose domestication at Tianluoshan. The goose population seemed to have been maintained for several generations without the introduction of individuals from other populations and might have been fed cultivated paddy rice. These findings indicate that goose domestication dates back 7,000 y, making geese the oldest domesticated poultry species in history.
Proteome-wide cellular thermal shift assay reveals unexpected cross-talk between brassinosteroid and auxin signaling
Authors: Lu Qing , Zhang Yonghong , Hellner Joakim , Giannini Caterina , Xu Xiangyu , Pauwels Jarne , Ma Qian , Dejonghe Wim , Han Huibin , Van de Cotte Brigitte , Impens Francis , Gevaert Kris , De Smet Ive , Friml Jiří , Molina Daniel Martinez , Russinova Eugenia
Published: March 2022

Significance

Chemical genetics, which investigates biological processes using small molecules, is gaining interest in plant research. However, a major challenge is to uncover the mode of action of the small molecules. Here, we applied the cellular thermal shift assay coupled with mass spectrometry (CETSA MS) to intact
Arabidopsis
cells and showed that bikinin, the plant-specific glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor, changed the thermal stability of some of its direct targets and putative GSK3-interacting proteins. In combination with phosphoproteomics, we also revealed that GSK3s phosphorylated the auxin carrier PIN-FORMED1 and regulated its polarity that is required for the vascular patterning in the leaf.
The life history of
Drosophila
sperm involves molecular continuity between male and female reproductive tracts
Authors: McCullough Erin L. , Whittington Emma , Singh Akanksha , Pitnick Scott , Wolfner Mariana F. , Dorus Steve
Published: March 2022

Significance

In species with internal fertilization, sperm spend an important part of their lives within the female. To examine the life history of the sperm during this time, we used semiquantitative proteomics and sex-specific isotopic labeling in fruit flies to determine the extent of molecular continuity between male and female reproductive tracts and provide a global catalog of sperm-associated proteins. Multiple seminal fluid proteins and female proteins associate with sperm immediately after mating. Few seminal fluid proteins remain after long-term sperm storage, whereas female-derived proteins constitute one-fifth of the postmating sperm proteome by then. Our data reveal a molecular “hand-off” from males to females, which we postulate to be an important component of sperm–female interactions.
Improvement of the parameter measurement accuracy by the third-generation gravitational wave detector Einstein Telescope
Authors: Cho Hee-Suk
Published: March 2022

The Einstein Telescope (ET) has been proposed as one of the third-generation gravitational wave (GW) detectors. The sensitivity of ET would be a factor of 10 better than the second-generation GW detector, advanced LIGO (aLIGO); thus, the GW source parameters could be measured with much better accuracy. In this work, we show how the precision in parameter estimation can be improved between aLIGO and ET by comparing the measurement errors. We apply the TaylorF2 waveform model defined in the frequency domain to the Fisher matrix method which is a semi-analytic approach for estimating GW parameter measurement errors. We adopt as our sources low-mass binary black holes with the total masses of M ⩽ 16M
⊙ and the effective spins of −0.9 ⩽ χ
eff ⩽ 0.9 and calculate the measurement errors of the mass and the spin parameters using 104 Monte-Carlo samples randomly distributed in our mass and spin parameter space. We find that for the same sources ET can achieve

∼
14

times better signal-to-noise ratio than aLIGO and the error ratios (σ

λ,ET/σ

λ,aLIGO) for the chirp-mass, symmetric mass ratio, and effective spin parameters can be lower than 7% for all binaries. We also consider the equal-mass binary neutron stars with the component masses of 1, 1.4, and 2M
⊙ and find that the error ratios for the mass and the spin parameters can be lower than 1.5%. In particular, the measurement error of the tidal deformability

Λ

~

can also be significantly reduced by ET, with the error ratio of 3.6%–6.1%. We investigate the effect of prior information by applying the Gaussian prior on the coalescence phase ϕ
c to the Fisher matrix and find that the error of the intrinsic parameters can be reduced to

∼
70
%

of the original priorless error

(

σ

λ

priorless

)

if the standard deviation of the prior is similar to

σ

ϕ

c

priorless

.
Tailoring magnetic properties by tuning the interface in a Pt/Co/Pt/IrMn system with perpendicular and double-exchange biases
Authors: Kocaman Bayram
Published: March 2022

We prepared Pt/Co/Pt(t
Pt)/IrMn heterostructures with perpendicular exchange bias (PEB) by inserting a Pt spacer between Co and IrMn. X-ray diffraction demonstrates that the IrMn and Pt layers exhibit a (111) texture promoting PEB. Here, the samples for various Pt spacer thicknesses exhibit double-shifted hysteresis loops with the coexistence of positive and negative exchange biases (EBs). Magnetic force microscopy measurement indicates that this behavior in the as-grown state results from the formation of an antiferromagnetic bidomain state with opposite signs. Also, the magnetic loop behaviors can be tailored by tuning the EB, coercive and switching fields which are sensitive to sub-nanometer changes in the spacer layer (Pt) thickness. It is found that the optimum thickness of the Pt layer is 0.8 nm by considering a well-defined single remanence state, where H
EB is about seven times as large as the coercivity. Our results indicate that large EB and rather small coercivity necessary for the single-remanence state in the double-shifted Pt/Co/Pt/IrMn systems can be achieved by tuning the interface at atomic level. Moreover, magnetic properties were analyzed in detail depending on Pt space spacer layer thickness between Co and IrMn layers. These results may be useful for potential applications in future multilevel memory devices.
Why Noether’s theorem applies to statistical mechanics
Authors: Hermann Sophie , Schmidt Matthias
Published: March 2022

Noether’s theorem is familiar to most physicists due its fundamental role in linking the existence of conservation laws to the underlying symmetries of a physical system. Typically the systems are described in the particle-based context of classical mechanics or on the basis of field theory. We have recently shown (2021Commun. Phys.4176) that Noether’s reasoning also applies to thermal systems, where fluctuations are paramount and one aims for a statistical mechanical description. Here we give a pedagogical introduction based on the canonical ensemble and apply it explicitly to ideal sedimentation. The relevant mathematical objects, such as the free energy, are viewed as functionals. This vantage point allows for systematic functional differentiation and the resulting identities express properties of both macroscopic average forces and molecularly resolved correlations in many-body systems, both in and out-of-equilibrium, and for active Brownian particles. To provide further background, we briefly describe the variational principles of classical density functional theory, of power functional theory, and of classical mechanics.
Study of Fourier series of user defined waveforms using ExpEYES−17 kit
Authors: Biswas Subhrajyoti
Published: March 2022

This article presents the study of Fourier series experimentally, using the ExpEYES−17 kit in a different way. This familiar undergraduate experiment has been performed for teaching online laboratory classes when face-to-face classes were not possible, due to the COVID − 19 pandemic. We chose parabolic and sawtooth waveforms, which are not generally considered for this experiment. The amplitudes A

n
of different harmonics were measured to compare with the theoretical predictions and the ratios

A
n

/

A
1

were found to agree well.
Phase function estimation from a diffuse optical image via deep learning
Authors: Liang Yuxuan , Niu Chuang , Wei Chen , Ren Shenghan , Cong Wenxiang , Wang Ge
Published: March 2022

Objective. The phase function is a key element of a light propagation model for Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, which is usually fitted with an analytic function with associated parameters. In recent years, machine learning methods were reported to estimate the parameters of the phase function of a particular form such as the Henyey–Greenstein phase function but, to our knowledge, no studies have been performed to determine the form of the phase function. Approach. Here we design a convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate the phase function from a diffuse optical image without any explicit assumption on the form of the phase function. Specifically, we use a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) as an example to represent the phase function generally and learn the model parameters accurately. The GMM is selected because it provides the analytic expression of phase function to facilitate deflection angle sampling in MC simulation, and does not significantly increase the number of free parameters. Main Results. Our proposed method is validated on MC-simulated reflectance images of typical biological tissues using the Henyey–Greenstein phase function with different anisotropy factors. The mean squared error of the phase function is 0.01 and the relative error of the anisotropy factor is 3.28%. Significance. We propose the first data-driven CNN-based inverse MC model to estimate the form of scattering phase function. The effects of field of view and spatial resolution are analyzed and the findings provide guidelines for optimizing the experimental protocol in practical applications.
Algorithmic insights of camera-based respiratory motion extraction
Authors: Wang Wenjin , den Brinker Albertus C
Published: March 2022

Objective. Measuring the respiratory signal from a video based on body motion has been proposed and recently matured in products for contactless health monitoring. The core algorithm for this application is the measurement of tiny chest/abdominal motions induced by respiration (i.e. capturing sub-pixel displacement caused by subtle motion between subsequent video frames), and the fundamental challenge is motion sensitivity. Though prior art reported on the validation with real human subjects, there is no thorough or rigorous benchmark to quantify the sensitivities and boundary conditions of motion-based core respiratory algorithms. Approach. A set-up was designed with a fully-controllable physical phantom to investigate the essence of core algorithms, together with a mathematical model incorporating two motion estimation strategies and three spatial representations, leading to six algorithmic combinations for respiratory signal extraction. Their promises and limitations are discussed and clarified through the phantom benchmark. Main results. With the variation of phantom motion intensity between 0.5 mm and 8 mm, the recommended approach obtains an average precision, recall, coverage and MAE of 88.1%, 91.8%, 95.5% and 2.1 bpm in the day-light condition, and 81.7%, 90.0%, 93.9% and 4.4 bpm in the night condition. Significance. The insights gained in this paper are intended to improve the understanding and applications of camera-based respiration measurement in health monitoring. The limitations of this study stem from the used physical phantom that does not consider human factors like body shape, sleeping posture, respiratory diseases, etc., and the investigated scenario is focused on sleep monitoring, not including scenarios with a sitting or standing patient like in clinical ward and triage.
2D distributions of potential and density mean-values and oscillations in the ECRH and NBI plasmas at the TJ-II stellarator
Authors: Melnikov A V , Eliseev L G , Barcala J M , Cappa A , Chmyga A A , Drabinskiy M A , Hidalgo C , Khabanov P O , Kharchev N K , Kozachek A S , Liniers M , López-Bruna D , Losada U , Lysenko S E , Medina F , Molinero A , Ochando M , De Pablos J L , Pastor I
Published: March 2022

2D plasma potential ϕ distribution was measured in the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and neutral beam injection (NBI) plasmas of the TJ-II stellarator with the heavy ion beam probe for the whole radial range and wide area of the poloidal angle, and supported by Langmuir probe data at the edge. The whole operation domain for the on-axis ECRH was explored (

n
ˉ

e

= 0.45–0.8 ×1019 m−3, P
EC = 220–470 kW), in addition, NBI plasmas with

n
ˉ

e

= 0.9–1.3 × 1019 m−3 and P
NBI = 510 kW were studied. In ECRH plasmas the density ramp-up is accompanied by the evolution of the potential from the bell-like to the Mexican hat profile, while the density profiles were flat or slightly hollow. The potential has the positive peak at the centre, and LFS-HFS (low field—high field sides) and up-down symmetry. Equipotential lines are consistent with vacuum magnetic flux surfaces. In the high-density NBI scenario, the ϕ profile was fully negative with a minimum up to −300 V at the centre, while at low-density ECRH plasma, ϕ has a maximum up to +0.9 kV at the centre. Fluctuations of potential and density are stronger in low-density scenarios and not poloidally symmetric. At the mid-radius (area of the maximum density), root mean square (RMS) of fluctuations were up to ϕ ∼ 15 V at LFS vs ∼20 V at HFS; RMS n
e ∼ 2% at LFS vs ∼3% at HFS. In the NBI plasmas with the density rise, the asymmetry decreases and finally vanishing at

n
ˉ

e

= 1.2 × 1019 m−3. 2D distribution of the NBI-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) shows asymmetric ballooning structure: contrary to broadband turbulence, AE-associated potential perturbation dominates in the LFS with a factor up to 1.7 respect to the HFS. The electrostatic mode, excited in ECRH plasmas by suprathermal electrons also shows asymmetric structures: density perturbation dominates in the top-bottom direction compared to LFS-HFS direction.
21-cm constraints on spinning primordial black holes
Authors: Cang Junsong , Gao Yu , Ma Yin-Zhe
Published: March 2022

Hawking radiation from primordial black holes (PBH) can ionize and heat up neutral gas during the cosmic dark ages, leaving imprints on the global 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen. We use the global 21-cm signal to constrain the abundance of spinning PBHs in mass range of [2 × 1013, 1018] grams. We consider several extended PBH distribution models. Our results show that 21-cm can set the most stringent PBH bounds in our mass window. Compared with constraints set by Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) data, 21-cm limits are more stringent by about two orders of magnitudes. PBHs with higher spin are typically more strongly constrained. Our 21-cm constraints for the monochromatic mass distribution rule out spinless PBHs with initial mass below 1.5 × 1017 g, whereas extreme Kerr PBHs with reduced initial spin of a
0=0.999 are excluded as the dominant dark matter component for masses below 6 × 1017 g. We also derived limits for the log-normal, power-law and critical collapse PBH mass distributions.
Tidal virialization of dark matter haloes with clustering dark energy
Authors: Pace Francesco , Schimd Carlo
Published: March 2022

We extend the analysis of Pace et al. [1] by considering the virialization process in the extended spherical collapse model for clustering dark-energy models, i.e., accounting for dark-energy fluctuations. Differently from the standard approach, here virialization is naturally achieved by properly modelling deviations from sphericity due to shear and rotation induced by tidal interactions. We investigate the time evolution of the virial overdensity Δvir in seven clustering dynamical dark energy models and compare the results to the ΛCDM model and to the corresponding smooth dark-energy models.
Taking into account all the appropriate corrections, we deduce the abundance of convergence peaks for Rubin Observatory-LSST and Euclid-like weak-lensing surveys, of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich peaks for a Simon Observatory-like CMB survey, and of X-ray peaks for an eROSITA-like survey. Despite the tiny differences in Δvir between clustering and smooth dark-energy models, owing to the large volumes covered by these surveys, five out of seven clustering dark-energy models can be statistically distinguished from ΛCDM. The contribution of dark-energy fluctuation cannot be neglected, especially for the Chevallier-Polarski-Limber and Albrecht-Skordis models, provided the instrumental configurations provide high signal-to-noise ratio. These results are almost independent of the tidal virialization model.
Endowing BIM Model with Mechanical Properties -- Finite Element Simulation Analysis of Long-Span Corrugated Steel Web Continuous Beam Bridge
Authors: Zhang X Y , Qu Q L , Liang D , Liu T C
Published: March 2022

Taking the main bridge of Zhaojun Yellow River Super Large Bridge as the engineering background, this paper explores the application of BIM technology in the finite element simulation analysis of long-span corrugated steel web continuous beam bridge, and proposes to establish the model of corrugated steel web continuous beam bridge by using the parametric modeling method of Revit software, Dynamo visual programming software is used to extract the geometric parameter information of BIM model, and the method of data conversion between BIM model and finite element model is realized through Python language programming, so as to endow BIM model with mechanical properties, avoid repeated modeling, and improve modeling efficiency and accuracy. The finite element simulation of the converted model in Midas/Civil provides and support for bridge construction monitoring, and provides new ideas for the application of BIM technology and structural calculation in similar projects.
Intelligent Blockchain System Based on Differential Privacy
Authors: Wu Z J , Dai H , Yuan Y K , Meng D
Published: March 2022

Due to the advantages of decentralization, traceability and non deletion, blockchain technology can be well combined with differential privacy algorithm to protect data privacy. Therefore, it effectively ensures the privacy security of data stored in the system in terms of technical structure and algorithm. This paper proposes a micro service system architecture based on super ledger fabric, which carries out data privacy noise processing combined with smart contract, and carries out different noise processing according to the security level recognized by the system at the time of user registration. The implementation and test results of the system show that the system architecture has good scalability, traceability and security, can meet the query control of users for data privacy, and effectively prevent the tampering and destruction of data by malicious attackers.
Research on global actual measurement of indoor surface flatness and verticality Based on sparse point cloud
Authors: Zhang Zhongyue , Zhou Huixing , Wang Shun , Lv Yannan , Zheng Xiaoyu , Zeng Langzhao
Published: March 2022

At present, it has become a trend to realize indoor actual measurement by reconstructing indoor 3D information with dense point cloud. Considering the large time consumption of traditional manual measurement and data overload of 3D reconstruction for a construction, the paper presents a global measurement method based on sparse point cloud for indoor actual measurement of flatness and verticality. First, given the point cloud is present with low density, our data size is much smaller than that in 3D reconstruction, which greatly reduces time consumption for data processing. Second, we calculate surface flatness degree by using a tolerance formula in machinery industry as reference after we conduct fitting of surfaces by least square method. As for the measurement of verticality, making use of the more orderly and effective point cloud clustering plus surface fitting based on sparse point cloud, we are able to calculate the verticality degree easily by a mathematical method. Compared with existing methods, this approach might feature a more tailored or specialized measurement method for actual measurement of flatness and verticality in acceptance of construction work in indoor scenes. To validate this approach, we present our experimental results and examine the systematic error by the mathematical assessment modelling. It is proved that the systematic error of the measurement method based on sparse point cloud is nearly ignorable.
the Technology of Space Electric Field Detection of Deteriorated Insulator Strings Based on Multi Rotor UAV
Authors: Hao JinPeng , Liu ShiTao , Yang Kai , Wu Hong , Zhang BoYu , Xiao ZhiYong
Published: March 2022

Porcelain insulator with good insulation performance is the key to the stable operation of power system. In order to characterize its insulation performance safely and accurately, a 1:1 three-dimensional electric field simulation model of 220 kV porcelain tension insulator string is established by using COMSOL finite element software, and a UAV live detection platform for degraded insulator string is built according to the optical electric field sensor. The results show that when the insulator deteriorates, the distribution electric field curve will appear obvious distortion; comparing the simulation results with the live measurement results, it is found that the electric field waveform curve obtained by the live detection platform of degraded insulators based on UAV can be accurate and can effectively judge the insulators with deterioration.
Transverse and longitudinal coupled nonlinear vibration of an axially moving Euler beam under variable tension
Authors: Wu JunHao , Tang YouQi , Chen Ling
Published: March 2022

When describing the vibration characteristics of the transverse parameters of an axially moving beam, the effects of nonlinear factors need to be introduced. Under normal circumstances, it is difficult to solve the nonlinear vibration equations of horizontal and vertical coupling with mixed partial derivative terms of time and space using approximate analytical methods. The longitudinal displacement in the vibration process is very small and much smaller than the lateral displacement, so the equation is simplified to a nonlinear vibration governing equation only about the lateral displacement. However, in these studies, no specific numerical basis for the reason for the simplification is given. Therefore, this paper considers the coupling model of the Euler beam’s lateral and longitudinal vibrations, chooses the Galerkin truncation method to decouple and numerically solve it, and obtains the numerical solution of the lateral and longitudinal vibration displacements. Based on the calculation results of the direct multi-scale method and the differential quadrature method of the simplified model, and the solution results of the eight-order Galerkin truncation method of the coupled model, the steady-state response amplitudes of the coupled model and the simplified model are compared to verify the accuracy of the simplified model Therefore, it provides a strong theoretical basis for the simplified model that ignores the longitudinal vibration.
Research on ship detection of optical remote sensing image based on Yolo V5
Authors: Sun X M , Zhang Y J , Wang H , Du Y X
Published: March 2022

In order to achieve ship target detection based on remote sensing images in complex backgrounds, this paper proposes a ship target detection algorithm based on YOLO V5. First, the improved Kmeans is used to cluster the data set, DIOU_loss is used for the candidate frame selection strategy, and finally the channel attention mechanism is introduced. The experimental results show that under the same conditions, the improved network has a slight decrease in detection speed compared with the original YOLOv5 network, and the effect of images with densely distributed small targets is significantly improved. On the same test set, the accuracy rate is reduced by 3.84%, the recall rate is increased by 32.73%, and mAP is increased by 22.48%.
A direct test of Auger cascade induced nucleation from heavy element contamination in C3F8 bubble chambers
Authors: Bressler M. , Lamb N. , Neilson R. , Windle S.
Published: March 2022

Understanding and quantifying the gamma-induced bubble
nucleation background in clean nuclear recoil detection bubble
chambers is of utmost importance to bubble chamber based dark matter
searches. We present data confirming the hypothesis that large Auger
cascades from high-Z elements such as iodine and xenon dramatically
increase the response of C3F8 bubble chambers
to gamma rays. These tests, performed with a small calibration
bubble chamber filled with
C3F8+𝒪(10) ppm xenon, show that the
probability of bubble nucleation scales with the rate of xenon
inner-shell vacancies, reaching values >10% per K-Shell vacancy
for Seitz thresholds of interest to future dark matter searches in
bubble chambers. We also place an upper limit on bubble nucleation
probability for argon Auger events, relevant to large future bubble
chambers which may contain some residual atmospheric argon after the
active fluid fill.
Introduction and implementation of the CMRP radiodosimeter — a novel wireless microdosimetry system
Authors: Vohradsky J. , Chartier L. , Pogossov A. , Alnaghy S. , Paino J. , Peracchi S. , Pan V. , Povoli M. , Kok A. , Tran L.T. , Rosenfeld A.B.
Published: March 2022

Microdosimetry is a useful method to evaluate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) as well as dose equivalent of any mixed radiation field without prior knowledge of type of charged particles and their spectra. The need of portable, user friendly devices for microdosimetric Quality Assurance measurements in particle therapy are greatly preferable to avoid sophisticated setup and time-consuming data analysis.
Currently, the ability to perform microdosimetric measurements is restricted to those with extensive prior knowledge of the electronics involved and their experimental setup.
The Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP) has developed a compact microdosimetric system named Radiodosimeter - a novel acquisition system that combines both wireless communication and plug-and-play design to provide a device that can be used with minimal setup. The system is compatible with current CMRP MicroPlus probe technology. The Radiodosimeter communicates with the client computer via Wi-Fi, allowing remote management and monitoring of acquisitions.
The system was bench-marked against the standard microdosimetric setup at Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), Japan and was found to have the same response. Several redundancy methods were demonstrated such as continuing an acquisition following disconnection from the client software and the ability to connect through different Wi-Fi modes (WPA2 Personal/Enterprise).
These features prove that the Radiodosimeter can operate independently of a client computer, indicating its potential to be used as a portable device for personal monitoring in mixed radiation fields, including for microdosimetric quantity verification predicted by Treatment Planning Software in particle therapy.
Contrail coverage over the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Meijer Vincent R , Kulik Luke , Eastham Sebastian D , Allroggen Florian , Speth Raymond L , Karaman Sertac , Barrett Steven R H
Published: March 2022

Contrails are potentially the largest contributor to aviation-attributable climate change, but estimates of their coverage are highly uncertain. No study has provided observation-based continental-scale estimates of the diurnal, seasonal, and regional variability in contrail coverage. We present contrail coverage estimates for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 for the contiguous United States, derived by developing and applying a deep learning algorithm to over 100 000 satellite images. We estimate that contrails covered an area the size of Massachusetts and Connecticut combined in the years 2018 and 2019. Comparing 2019 and 2020, we quantify a 35.8% reduction in distance flown above 8 km altitude and an associated reduction in contrail coverage of 22.3%. We also find that the diurnal pattern in contrail coverage aligns with that of flight traffic, but that the amount of contrail coverage per distance flown decreases in the afternoon.