bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decay Timescales of Chromospheric Condensations in Solar Flare Footpoints
Authors: Butler Elizabeth C. , Kowalski Adam F.
Published: July 2024

Chromospheric condensations (CCs) are a prominent feature of flare footpoint heating in the solar flare standard model, yet their timescales and velocities are not well understood. Fisher derived several important analytical relationships, which have rarely been examined with modern spectral observations. The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) provides a wealth of flare data with a high enough cadence to sufficiently capture CC evolution. We analyzed Doppler shifts in Mg ii 2791 and Fe ii 2814 from a sample of flare footpoint pixels observed by IRIS to compare with Fisher's analytics and recent flare models. We found a detection lifetime of 1 minute occurs in 50% of the sample, with Mg ii showing several pixels with longer values and Fe ii almost categorically shorter, and both growing with the maximum velocity, v
max. The shifts’ half-life is commonly <40 s and is inversely related to v
max, indicating that the first half of the CC evolution has more efficient kinetic energy loss. The lifetime’s wide range and growth with v
max indicate that the footpoint atmospherics and heating scenarios can vary more widely than first postulated in Fisher. Around 90% of the sample had observable acceleration periods, lasting an average of 38 and 32 s for Mg ii and Fe ii, respectively. These acceleration periods, as well as serving as flare model diagnostics themselves, could potentially be used to calculate other model diagnostics such as the initially accelerated mass.
Carbon Cycle Instability for High-CO2 Exoplanets: Implications for Habitability
Authors: Graham R. J. , Pierrehumbert R. T.
Published: July 2024

Implicit in the definition of the classical circumstellar habitable zone (HZ) is the hypothesis that the carbonate-silicate cycle can maintain clement climates on exoplanets with land and surface water across a range of instellations by adjusting atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). This hypothesis is made by analogy to the Earth system, but it is an open question whether silicate weathering can stabilize climate on planets in the outer reaches of the HZ, where instellations are lower than those received by even the Archean Earth and CO2 is thought likely to dominate atmospheres. Since weathering products are carried from land to ocean by the action of water, silicate weathering is intimately coupled to the hydrologic cycle, which intensifies with hotter temperatures under Earth-like conditions. Here, we use global climate model simulations to demonstrate that the hydrologic cycle responds counterintuitively to changes in climate on planets with CO2-H2O atmospheres at low instellations and high pCO2, with global evaporation and precipitation decreasing as pCO2 and temperatures increase at a given instellation. Within the Maher & Chamberlain (or MAC) weathering formulation, weathering then decreases with increasing pCO2 for a range of instellations and pCO2 typical of the outer reaches of the HZ, resulting in an unstable carbon cycle that may lead to either runaway CO2 accumulation or depletion of CO2 to colder (possibly snowball) conditions. While the behavior of the system has not been completely mapped out, the results suggest that silicate weathering could fail to maintain habitable conditions in the outer reaches of the nominal HZ.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density 300 Myr after the Big Bang
Authors: Robertson Brant , Johnson Benjamin D. , Tacchella Sandro , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Hainline Kevin , Arribas Santiago , Baker William M. , Bunker Andrew J. , Carniani Stefano , Cargile Phillip A. , Carreira Courtney , Charlot Stephane , Chevallard Jacopo , Curti Mirko , Curtis-Lake Emma , D’Eugenio Francesco , Egami Eiichi , Hausen Ryan , Helton Jakob M. , Jakobsen Peter , Ji Zhiyuan , Jones Gareth C. , Maiolino Roberto , Maseda Michael V. , Nelson Erica , Pérez-González Pablo G. , Puskás Dávid , Rieke Marcia , Smit Renske , Sun Fengwu , Übler Hannah , Whitler Lily , Williams Christina C. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Willott Chris , Witstok Joris
Published: July 2024

We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field, the deepest imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of ancillary Hubble Space Telescope optical images (five filters spanning 0.4–0.9 μm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5 μm, including seven medium-band filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hr per filter. We combine all our data at >2.3 μm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈31.4 AB mag in the stack and 30.3–31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.″1 circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts z = 11.5−15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R
1/2 ∼ 50−200 pc, stellar masses of M
⋆ ∼ 107−108
M
☉, and star formation rates ∼ 0.1−1 M
☉ yr−1. Our search finds no candidates at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward-modeling approach to infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the impact of nondetections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results, and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼2.5 from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
The Stagger Code for Accurate and Efficient, Radiation-coupled Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Stein Robert F. , Nordlund Åke , Collet Remo , Trampedach Regner
Published: July 2024

We describe the Stagger code for simulations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) systems. This is a modular code with a variety of physics modules that will let the user run simulations of deep stellar atmospheres, sunspot formation, stellar chromospheres and coronae, proto-stellar disks, star formation from giant molecular clouds, and even galaxy formation. The Stagger code is efficiently and highly parallelizable, enabling such simulations with large ranges of both spatial and temporal scales. We describe the methodology of the code and present the most important of the physics modules, as well as its input and output variables. We show results of a number of standard MHD tests to enable comparison with other, similar codes. In addition, we provide an overview of tests that have been carried out against solar observations, ranging from spectral line shapes, spectral flux distribution, limb darkening, intensity and velocity distributions of granulation, to seismic power spectra and the excitation of p-modes. The Stagger code has proven to be a high-fidelity code with a large range of uses.
First Constraints on the Interstellar Medium Conditions of a Low-mass, Highly Obscured z = 4.27 Main-sequence Galaxy
Authors: Mizener Andrew , Pope Alexandra , McKinney Jed , Kamieneski Patrick , Whitaker Katherine E. , Battisti Andrew , Murphy Eric
Published: July 2024

We present the molecular gas content and interstellar medium conditions of MACS J0717_Az9, a strong gravitationally lensed z = 4.273, M
* ≃ 2 × 109
M
⊙ star-forming galaxy with an unusually high (∼80%) obscured star formation fraction. We detect CO (4–3) in two independent lensed images, as well as [N ii] 205 μm, with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. We derive a molecular gas mass of log

10

[

M

H

2

(

M

⊙

)
]
=
9.77

, making it moderately deficient in molecular gas compared to the lower-redshift gas fraction scaling relation. Leveraging photodissociation region (PDR) models, we combine our CO (4–3) measurements with existing measurements of the [C ii] 158 μm line and total infrared luminosity to model the PDR conditions. We find PDR conditions similar to those in local star-forming galaxies, with a mean hydrogen density log10[n
H cm−3] = 4.80 ± 0.39 and a mean radiation field strength log10[G
0 Habing] = 2.83 ± 0.26. Based on Band 3 continuum data, we derive an upper limit on the intrinsic dust mass of log10[M
dust(M
⊙)] < 7.73, consistent with existing estimates. We use the 3D tilted-ring model fitting code 3D-Barolo to determine the kinematic properties of the CO (4–3) emitting gas. We find that it is rotationally dominated, with a V/σ = 4.6 ± 1.7, consistent with the kinematics of the [C ii]. With PDR conditions remarkably similar to those in normal dusty star-forming galaxies at z < 0.2 and a stable molecular disk, our observations of Az9 suggest that the dust-obscured phase for a low-mass galaxy at z ∼ 4 is relatively long. Thus, Az9 may be representative of a more widespread population that has been missed owing to insufficiently deep existing millimeter surveys.
MIDIS: The Relation between Strong (Hβ + [O iii]) Emission, Star Formation, and Burstiness around the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Caputi K. I. , Rinaldi P. , Iani E. , Pérez-González P. G. , Östlin G. , Colina L. , Greve T. R. , Nørgaard-Nielsen H. U. , Wright G. S. , Álvarez-Márquez J. , Eckart A. , Hjorth J. , Labiano A. , Le Fèvre O. , Walter F. , van der Werf P. , Boogaard L. , Costantin L. , Crespo Gómez A. , Gillman S. , Jermann I. , Langeroodi D. , Melinder J. , Peissker F. , Güdel M. , Henning Th. , Lagage P. O. , Ray T. P.
Published: July 2024

We investigate the properties of strong (Hβ + [O iii]) emitters before and after the end of the “Epoch of Reionization” from z = 8 to z = 5.5. We make use of ultradeep JWST/NIRCam imaging in the parallel field (P2) of the MIRI Deep Imaging Survey (MIDIS) in the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (H-XDF), in order to select prominent (Hβ + [O iii]) emitters (with rest-frame equivalent width (EW0) ≳ 100 Å) at z = 5.5–7, based on their flux density enhancement in the F356W band with respect to the spectral energy distribution continuum. We complement our selection with other (Hβ + [O iii]) emitters from the literature at similar and higher (z = 7−8) redshifts. We find (nonindependent) anticorrelations between EW0(Hβ + [O iii]) and both galaxy stellar mass and age, in agreement with previous studies, and a positive correlation with specific star formation rate (sSFR). On the SFR–M
⋆ plane, the (Hβ + [O iii]) emitters populate both the star formation main sequence and the starburst region, which become indistinguishable at low stellar masses (

log
10

(

M
⋆

)

<
7.5

). We find tentative evidence for a nonmonotonic relation between EW0(Hβ + [O iii]) and SFR, such that both parameters correlate with each other at SFR ≳ 1 M
⊙ yr−1, while the correlation flattens out at lower SFRs. This suggests that low metallicities producing high EW0(Hβ + [O iii]) could be important at low SFR values. Interestingly, the properties of the strong emitters and other galaxies (33% and 67% of our z = 5.5–7 sample, respectively) are similar, including, in many cases, high sSFR. Therefore, it is crucial to consider both emitters and nonemitters to obtain a complete picture of the cosmic star formation activity around the Epoch of Reionization.
Millimeter to THz Spectroscopy of HC18O+ and HC17O+: Accurate Rest Frequencies for Astrophysical Studies
Authors: Bizzocchi Luca , Tonolo Francesca , Giuliano Barbara M. , Caselli Paola , Melosso Mattia , Dore Luca , Alessandrini Silvia , Puzzarini Cristina , Pietropolli Charmet Andrea
Published: July 2024

Heavy oxygen isotopic species of HCO+ are important optically thin astrophysical tracers. The ground-state rotational spectrum of HC18O+, DC18O+, HC17O+, and DC17O+ has been recorded in the laboratory in the frequency range from 85 GHz to 1.3 THz. The ions have been produced in the negative column of a glow-discharge plasma, and their spectrum has been recorded in absorption using a frequency-modulation submillimeter-wave spectrometer. Various sources of systematic error have been carefully accounted for in order to obtain highly accurate line-position measurements. Theoretical estimates of the molecular parameters and of the collision effects on the line shape have been obtained by high-level ab initio calculations. The analysis yielded much improved rotational and centrifugal distortion constants, thus bringing the spectroscopic characterization of these rare isotopic variants to the same level of the parent species. Also, the first experimental rotational data for DC17O+ have been provided. These results allow for the calculation of an updated set of rest frequencies to support current and future astrophysical studies. The derived data set for the widely used HC18O+ tracer reaches an accuracy of a few parts in 109 up to 1.5 THz. Such accuracy is important for the analysis of astrophysical objects targeted by Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations at the submillimeter regime.
Digitalization of health care and aspects of implementing electronic prescriptions in Bulgaria
Authors: Toshev Atanas , Petkova-Gueorguieva Elina , Mihaylova Anna A. , Kirkov Vidin , Madzharov Vasil G. , Lebanova Hristina , Stoev Svetoslav , Gueorguiev Stanislav
Published: July 2024

The digitization of health systems is a topic of immense significance for the modern world. It holds the potential to transform the delivery of healthcare services, enhancing their quality, efficiency, and accessibility. Electronic prescriptions are a key element of this process, but it is crucial to ensure their implementation protects patients’ personal data and privacy. This article examines the digitization of health systems in Bulgaria, with a focus on electronic prescriptions. It highlights aspects of data protection, the potential risks associated with data misuse, and the advantages of electronic prescriptions.
Taxonomic considerations of selected Western Palaearctic Mordellidae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea)
Authors: Ruzzier Enrico , Di Giulio Andrea
Published: July 2024

The present contribution is devoted to the review of some species of Mordellidae belonging to the Italian fauna described by Mariano Zuccarello Patti and Mario Enrico Franciscolo. New taxonomic combinations are proposed: Mediimorda argyropleura (Franciscolo, 1942), comb. nov., Mordella quomoi Franciscolo, 1942, comb. rev., and Mordellokoiles grandii Franciscolo, 1942, stat. nov.Mediimorda argyropleura, Mordella quomoi and Mordellokoiles grandii are considered species that are not part of the Italian fauna. In addition, given the impossibility of identifying the species based on its original description and the destruction of type material, Mordella aradasiana Patti, 1840 is treated as nomen dubium.
Systematic revision of the South American “Nuncia” (Opiliones, Laniatores, Triaenonychidae)
Authors: Porto Willians , Derkarabetian Shahan , Giribet Gonzalo , Pérez-González Abel
Published: July 2024

The genus Nuncia has long been the most speciose within the Opiliones family Triaenonychidae, comprising 63 species and subspecies distributed across New Zealand and South America. Recent molecular studies utilizing Sanger sequencing and ultraconserved elements (UCEs) have indicated that this genus is not monophyletic, and true Nuncia are actually confined to New Zealand. Here, the morphology of all South American triaenonychids is re-examined and DNA sequence data compiled from three markers (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) for a large number of triaenonychid species, including specimens from all areas with species currently and formerly classified in Nuncia to reassess their phylogenetic position. Based on our findings we 1) revalidate the genus Chilenuncia (Muñoz-Cuevas, 1971) nom. rest.; 2) describe five new genera: Fresiaxgen. nov., Mistraliagen. nov., Laftrachiagen. nov., Lautariagen. nov., Nerudiellagen. nov.; 3) redescribe five species: Fresiax spinulosacomb. nov., Mistralia verrucosacomb. nov., Chilenuncia chilensiscomb. nov., Chilenuncia rostratacomb. nov., Nerudiella americanacomb. nov.; and 4) describe 22 new species of South American triaenonychids: Fresiax conicasp. nov., Fresiax fraysp. nov., Fresiax mauryisp. nov., Fresiax pichicuysp. nov., Mistralia ramirezisp. nov., Laftrachia robinsp. nov., Lautaria ceacheisp. nov., Nerudiella cachaisp. nov., Nerudiella caramavidasp. nov., Nerudiella cautinsp. nov., Nerudiella choapasp. nov., Nerudiella curisp. nov., Nerudiella goroisp. nov., Nerudiella jaimeisp. nov., Nerudiella mallecosp. nov., Nerudiella pencosp. nov., Nerudiella pichisp. nov., Nerudiella portaisp. nov., Nerudiella quenessp. nov., Nerudiella vilchessp. nov., Nerudiella wekufesp. nov., and Nerudiella zapallarsp. nov. Furthermore, we provide detailed illustrations of all the South American species belonging to these lineages formerly classified in Nuncia.
Hadrianic Echoes in the Work of Synesius of Cyrene
Authors: Gordillo Hervás Rocío
Published: July 2024

Résumé Résumé : Synésios de Cyrène, l’un des auteurs les plus représentatifs des iv e - v e siècles après J.-C., est l’un des rares exemples où l’on trouve encore, dans l’Antiquité tardive, des traces de la politique menée par l’empereur Hadrien dans le monde grec. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les références possibles à la politique d’Hadrien dans l’œuvre de Synésios de Cyrène, en se concentrant particulièrement sur l’importance donnée par ce dernier à ses racines grecques, et les échos possibles du modèle culturel d’Hadrien qui a été établi avec la création de la ligue du Panhellénion. En outre, Synésios est la seule source existante dans laquelle un groupe d’intellectuels de Constantinople est désigné par le terme Panhellénion, ce qui représenterait un autre élément de l’impact culturel de la politique culturelle hadrienne.
Des pratiques ordinaires et pourtant fort dénoncées. Réflexions sur la dimension clientélaire des politiques publiques à partir du laboratoire marseillais
Authors: Mattina Cesare
Published: July 2024

Nombre de chercheurs en sciences sociales et en science politique qui traitent du clientélisme dans les pays occidentaux jugent qu’il est un mode de régulation sociale et politique en voie d’affaiblissement. Certains estiment même ce déclin irréversible. Cette contribution, développée sous forme d’hypothèses dans ce dossier, tente de sortir du débat qui opposerait la thèse du déclin à celle de la continuité du clientélisme dans les sociétés contemporaines. Elle nuance et complète les différentes contributions à partir de considérations générales sur la base de l’évolution du débat scientifique international et de nos enquêtes passées qui portent sur l’influence de la redistribution clientélaire de ressources et des logiques de dénonciation du clientélisme sur le gouvernement de la ville à Marseille. À partir d’une mise en perspective du débat actuel sur le clientélisme, nous montrons que loin de se réduire à des échanges interpersonnels isolés les uns des autres, l’échange clientélaire peut constituer une modalité essentielle, quoique discrète et comme dérobée derrière la façade de leurs objectifs officiels, de certaines politiques publiques et de leur mise en œuvre. Cependant, ce système de la régulation sociale et politique locale est aujourd’hui mis à mal par la montée en puissance des processus de rationalisation de l’action publique, d’une part, par la montée en puissance d’acteurs mobilisés autour de la dénonciation et de la lutte contre les pratiques clientélaires, selon différents registres comme la morale ou le droit.
Model city to murder city: public housing, progressive policymakers and clientelistic city-hall politicians in post-apartheid Durban, South Africa
Authors: Gibbs Timothy
Published: July 2024

Cet article analyse le « cadre politique » instable qui a sous-tendu l’ascension et la chute remarquables d’un « appareil » municipal clientéliste dans le Durban post-apartheid, une ville de 3 millions d’habitants sur la côte est de l’Afrique du Sud. Se relevant des décombres de l’apartheid et des ravages d’une quasi-guerre civile qui a failli compromettre la transition démocratique de l’Afrique du Sud, le nouveau gouvernement du Congrès national africain (ANC) a tenté d’ancrer son autorité dans les villes pauvres, inégalitaires et politiquement instables d’Afrique du Sud en développant l’un des plus grands programmes de logements sociaux au monde. Les pouvoirs importants étant dévolus aux municipalités, les mairies jouaient un rôle crucial. Durban constitue un cas d’étude car dans les années 1990 et 2000, elle était considérée comme une « star » : à la suite d’une guerre civile brutale, des fonctionnaires compétents des mairies ont élaboré avec succès des politiques de logements publics qui ont abouti à la construction de 150 000 logements en quinze ans, lesquels furent ensuite attribués à des électeurs dévoués par une « machine à mécénat » bien organisée dirigée par les hommes de pouvoir de l’ANC dans les zones urbaines. Nous examinerons également les facteurs d’inégalités et d’exclusion économique persistantes qui ont démêlé cette logique politique municipale, de telle sorte qu’à la fin des années 2010, Durban était réputée pour le clientélisme compétitif centrifuge qui s’y pratiquait, synonyme de querelles meurtrières autour des contrats de construction et de meurtres de militants pour le logement. En conséquence – contrairement à de nombreuses études de cas classiques de clientélisme urbain qui mettent en évidence des systèmes stables de clientélisme politique – Durban est réputée en Afrique du Sud comme une ville mafieuse meurtrière dominée par des syndicats instables et localisés.
Les partis populistes de droite radicale et la démocratie face à la pandémie de COVID-19 : Analyse comparée de la communication du Rassemblement national et du Vlaams Belang
Authors: Ricotta Anthony
Published: July 2024

En contexte de crise sanitaire, de multiples mesures – parfois qualifiées de liberticides, voire d’autoritaires – ont été prises par les autorités politiques respectives des États d’Europe et du monde afin de contenir le virus. Dans un contexte caractérisé par une remise en question du caractère démocratique des mesures sanitaires, il apparait pertinent d’étudier les propos que les partis populistes de droite radicale – qui sont habituellement critiques envers la démocratie libérale qu’ils disent être dirigée par des élites intéressées qui ignorent systématiquement les volontés populaires – tiennent sur la démocratie. Cet article s’inscrit dans cet objectif et procède à une analyse thématique comparative des propos tenus par deux partis populistes de droite radicale – le Vlaams Belang et le Rassemblement national – sur Twitter et dans l’enceinte parlementaire. Il en résulte une mise en lumière du caractère antisystème et antiestablishment de ces partis, qui instrumentalisent la défense de la démocratie au service de leur critique du système.
Threshold dynamics in a periodic epidemic model with imperfect quarantine, isolation and vaccination
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud A.
Published: July 2024

A nonautonomous mathematical model was presented to explore the complex dynamics of disease spread over time, incorporating a time-periodic transmission parameter and imperfections in quarantine, isolation and vaccination strategies. Through a detailed examination of threshold dynamics, it was revealed that the global dynamics of disease transmission are influenced by the basic reproduction number ($ \mathcal{R}_0 $), a critical threshold that determines extinction, persistence, and the presence of periodic solutions. It was shown that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable if $ \mathcal{R}_0 < 1 $, while the disease persists if $ \mathcal{R}_0 > 1 $. To support and validate our analytical results, the basic reproduction number and the dynamics of the disease were estimated by fitting monthly data from two Asian countries, namely Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the time-averaged reproduction number ($ \langle \mathcal{R}_0 \rangle $) of the associated time-varying model showed a significant sensitivity to key parameters such as infection rates, quarantine rate, vaccine coverage rate, and recovery rates, supported by numerical simulations. These simulations validated theoretical findings and explored the impact of seasonal contact rate, imperfect quarantine, isolation, imperfect vaccination, and other parameters on the dynamics of measles transmission. The results showed that increasing the rate of immunization, improving vaccine management, and raising public awareness can reduce the incidence of the epidemic. The study highlighted the importance of understanding these patterns to prevent future periodic epidemics.
Des cultures politiques situées à un environnementalisme ordinaire commun dans les jardins partagés
Authors: Sachsé Victoria
Published: July 2024

À travers l’exploration de deux jardins partagés, l’un à Rome et l’autre à Strasbourg, nous mettons en lumière la diversité des cultures politiques qui animent ces différents espaces. En effet, l’enquête qualitative menée lors d’un travail de thèse – observations participantes et entretiens principalement – révèle des imaginaires culturels et politiques distincts en fonction des contextes locaux. À Rome, le jardin est caractérisé par une dynamique d’appropriation de l’espace public par une situation en partie conflictuelle avec les institutions locales qui se révèle être une forme d’expression du droit à la ville, alors qu’à Strasbourg la dynamique d’installation révèle une forme d’alliance entre l’association et les institutions à travers la réalisation d’un jardin partagé en permaculture. Ces jardins restent néanmoins porteurs de pratiques similaires, dont certaines dynamiques semblent transcender ces distinctions géographique, politique et sociale et peuvent être lues, à travers le prisme de l’environnementalisme ordinaire comme des reconfigurations des rapports entre humains et non-humains à l’heure de l’Anthropocène.
Une évolution des jardins collectifs vers des fonctions de production et d’expérimentation : exemple des jardins partagés lyonnais
Authors: Bally Frédéric
Published: July 2024

Le jardin collectif a le vent en poupe dans les villes françaises. Porteurs d’enjeux pour les collectivités qui y voient un moyen de retisser du lien social et de permettre à des habitants de produire des légumes, mais aussi pour les habitants qui veulent rencontrer leurs voisins et profiter d’un espace de verdure à proximité de chez eux, ces jardins rencontrent et complètent les problématiques urbaines d’aujourd’hui : participation et inclusion des habitants dans l’aménagement du territoire. Via une étude qualitative menée auprès des participants de jardins partagés de Lyon, nous montrons que ces espaces sont aussi des lieux d’exclusion, s’éloignant de leurs valeurs de départ.
Análise sistémica da atividade e finalidades do trabalho nos sectores pesqueiro e agrícola
Authors: Goutille Fabienne , Lassalle Julie , Thiebaud-Rizzoni Tabatha , Garrigou Alain , Guillet Laurent , Chauvin Christine , Boudra Leïla
Published: July 2024

Este artículo explora las tensiones sistémicas en los sectores agrícola y pesquero, derivadas de decisiones históricas e influidas por diversos agentes. Los análisis revelan limitaciones que están cambiando las finalidades del trabajo, llevando a quienes trabajan en la tierra y en el mara diversificar sus actividades para mantener la rentabilidad a expensas de su salud. En un contexto de transición ecológica, los trabajadores tienen que adaptarse a diversas exigencias sin el apoyo adecuado. Las tensiones entre la producción artesanal y la industrial ilustran los retos a los que se enfrentan, con normativas que a veces se perciben como injustas. Las actividades agrícolas y pesqueras están dominadas por presiones normativas, tecnológicas, comunitarias y sociales, que exigen una revaluación del equilibrio de poderes. Un análisis de la actividad, centrado en el análisis de los sistemas de actividad y las contradicciones sistémicas, puede ayudar a poner en perspectiva las preocupaciones de las personas y grupos implicados y apoyar el diseño de contextos laborales, normas e instrumentos de trabajo que sean sostenibles y de desarrollo.
O cuidar da mãe como um trabalho invisível : a atividade de mães de crianças com microcefalia sob a lupa da ergologia
Authors: Barbosa-de-Melo Jéssika Sonaly Vasconcelos , Oliveira Fábio de , Bezerra Eduardo Breno Nascimento
Published: July 2024

Buscamos compreender as atividades de trabalho doméstico e de cuidado desenvolvidas por mulheres mães de crianças com a síndrome congênita de Zyca vírus (ou microcefalia). Ancorados na perspetiva ergológica, realizamos um estudo com a participação de nove mães de vítimas da epidemia de Zyca que nasceram com deficiência. Todas as participantes eram do nordeste brasileiro, com média de 28 anos e, em sua maioria, eram negras e com baixa escolaridade. Os resultados revelam que essas mulheres possuem um conjunto de tarefas a desempenhar que extrapola as atividades corriqueiras da maternidade convencional, o que exige um saber-fazer que vai se constituindo na prática, na interação com profissionais da saúde e com outras mães que vivenciam experiências semelhantes. Os achados endossam o debate sobre o trabalho de cuidar, questionado o mito da sua não qualificação e repondo-o como um fazer complexo, que demanda mobilização e inteligência para a sua realização e gestão cotidiana.
Trabalhar, para quê ?
Authors: Lhuilier Dominique
Published: July 2024

A atenção aos propósitos do trabalho é uma exigência proporcional aos impedimentos contemporâneos para pensar e debater essa questão. A intensificação e a dispersão do trabalho, bem como sua casualização, incentivam o foco no presente em detrimento da projeção temporal implícita na atenção aos seus propósitos. As experiências de vida revelam os conflitos de propósitos (intrapsíquicos, interpessoais, sociais, políticos) no cerne do trabalho. Essas experiências de rutura biográfica, como a crise de saúde e seus confinamentos, podem levar a uma reavaliação do significado da vida e do trabalho. Elas nos permitem romper com a negação da interdependência de nossas esferas da vida e reavivar a questão do significado do trabalho. As perguntas sobre os objetivos perseguidos, a utilidade social das contribuições individuais, a possibilidade de associar o trabalho ao desenvolvimento pessoal, territorial, social e ambiental e as questões éticas e políticas associadas abrem um vasto campo de debate que nos permitirá retirar o trabalho da prioridade dada ao emprego.
Addressing Hidden Hunger via Improving Soil Health and Crop Nutrients Through Nanofortification
Authors: Sharma Aishwarya , Singh Abhishek , Rajput Vishnu D. , Minkina Tatiana , Mandzhieva Saglara , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Ragab El-Ramady Hassan , Ghazaryan Karen
Published: July 2024

Micronutrient deficiency represents a significant challenge in developing regions, particularly in Asia and Africa, where agricultural systems often yield foods lacking essential vitamins and minerals. These nutrient-poor diets are commonly consumed by low to middle-income families, exacerbating disease burden at global level. The nutritional health crisis stems from ineffective food systems failing to provide sufficient nutrients, especially to vulnerable populations. Many strategies such as food fortification, dietary diversification, nutritional education supplementation have been implemented for addressing this issue. Additionally, advancements such as nano-chelating technology offer promising solutions by reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and enabling the crop biofortification along with crucial micronutrients. Biofortification involves crop breeding to enhance their nutritional content, has emerged as a key approach in recent years. By enhancing the vitamin and mineral profiles of crops, these interventions aim to improve overall soil and human health.
Nano-Remediation of Heavy Metals From Polluted Soils
Authors: Malik Sumira , Priya Swati , Mondal Sagar , Bora Jutishna , Rustagi Sarvesh
Published: July 2024

Uncontrolled rapidity with anthropogenic activities industrialization have led to significant contamination of soils and streams with accumulated non-biodegradable heavy metals such as arsenic (As), mercurous ion (Hg22+), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), plumbous (Pb4+), and thallium (TI) at intolerable toxic concentrations. This necessitates the remediation of these heavy metals from the environment, as they could mix with different environmental elements, leading to disturbance in the food chain of living organisms. Several experimental studies and technologies have been performed towards the sustainable treatment utilising novel approaches and technologies based on nanotechnology. This chapter addresses the effects and sustainable treatment using nanoparticles in the remediation of heavy metal effected environment
Implementing Sustainable Nano-Bioremediation for Emerging Pollutants
Authors: Ghazaryan Karen , Verma Aman , Rawat Sapna , Rajput Priyadarshani , Minkina Tatiana , Mandzhieva Saglara , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Chena Shen-Ming , Singh Rupesh Kumar , Ragab El-Ramady Hassan , Singh Abhishek
Published: July 2024

Bioremediation represents a promising approach for addressing environmental pollution by leveraging natural processes to degrade or convert toxic pollutants into more benign forms. This method utilizes biological agents like algae, fungi, bacteria, and viruses to break down pollutants, ideally to undetectable or non-toxic levels, or even mineralize them to harmless compounds like CO2. By doing so, bioremediation not only cleans up contaminated sites but also restores them and prevents future pollution, all without the need for chemical reagents. Environmental pollution, fueled by rapid industrial growth, continues to pose significant threats to ecosystems and human health. Harmful pollutants like BPA, PAHs, PCBs, and pharmaceutical wastes accumulate in the environment, causing ecological damage and endangering various organisms.
Comparative Analysis of Ecological Footprint in Five Cities of India
Authors: Kolhe Neha Pranav Pranav , Mehrotra Surabhi , Parihar Aditi
Published: July 2024

COVID-19, a new respiratory disease identified in December 2019, is one of the most recent risks to human health around the world. The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of COVID-19 on the ecological footprints of five cities across India: Delhi, Bhopal, Bareilly, Betul, and Razole, using the global footprint networks calculator tool. In this comparative analysis, six major factors were employed to examine EF which were examined through food, shelter, transportation, commodities, and services. Further, statistical test - T test and ANOVA analyse the difference ecological footprints in five cities. A total of 15 questions derived from six factors of land use type have been considered for the analysis using primary questionnaires collected via online google forms. The study presents a change in the ecological footprint through exploratory study of different cities with varying population sizes in the times of COVID-19. Results show significant difference in ecological footprint among the cities with maximum variation observed in class I cities like Delhi.
The Implementation of BIM Software in Different Construction Stages
Authors: Lim Tze Shwan , Low Zhao Yang , Soon Lam Tatt , Ilmi Habizah Sheikh , Kam Kenn Jhun , Kamarazaly Myzatul Aishah
Published: July 2024

BIM enhances construction industry outcomes by connecting people, technology, and processes by incorporating extensive additional information and facilitating information exchange with project stakeholders. However, BIM software has limitations that have led to reluctance in its adoption. This research aims to explore the positive impacts and limitations of BIM software in various construction stages (pre-construction, design, construction, handover, and closeout), and seeks to improve understanding and find solutions for improvement. The research employed quantitative method by survey approach using questionnaires distributed to consultant parties in the industry. Results show that BIM has brought different unique functions that help assist the respondents. Despite that, limitations of BIM implementation found from the results are due to the lack of knowledge, high cost, and software capabilities to be further improved on. Respondents believed that the most effective solutions to tackle the limitations were mainly involved with education, enhancing BIM tools, and training.
The Provision of Elderly Care Centre and User Perception Towards Its Built Environment in Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Kamarazaly Myzatul Aishah , Winnie Chiam , Ibrahim Filzani Illia , Osman Nurul Aini , Abidin Siti Norzaini Zainal
Published: July 2024

The population growth in Malaysia since Independence Day is attributed to improved healthcare and longer lifespans. However, as the older generation ages, some are forced to live independently, while others lack suitable institutions for their daily activities. Neglected conditions in elderly care institutions have led to concern about the physical and mental health of these individuals. The research aimed to analyze the existing built environment of elderly care centers and the needs of users for an improved future environment that prioritizes the comfort and safety of the elderly. The objective of this research is to determine the strategies for the future development of elderly care centers. A qualitative method adopted by recruiting five voluntary participants from Pusat Jagaan Rumah Love and Care Kajang Home. Key findings revealed diverse needs and provisions influenced by social factors and living infrastructure. Ultimately, accommodating the changing behaviors and characteristics of the elderly was crucial for developing infrastructure that promoted positive and healthy aging.
Unlocking the True Power of Additive Manufacturing for EMI Shielding
Authors: Scheibel Markus G. , Kaiser Michael P. , Balasubramaniam Sutharsan , Chernobryvko Mykola , Koszegi Julia-Marie , Dreissigacker Marc , Adler Marius , Braun Tanja , Huang Chuan I. Eric , Li Meng Jason , Thomas Muriel , Vollmann Franz
Published: July 2024

Miniaturization trends in electronic packaging led to

reduced spacing of individual packages on the printed circuit

boards and thus increased the overall electromagnetic interference

(EMI) levels within a device. State-of-the-art conformal coatings

as EMI shielding layers are typically applied via sputter

technology and offer design limitations with respect to coating

selectivity on individual positions of the overall package. Our new

technology of additively Ag layer application via inkjet printing

overcomes today’s design limitations and is a key enabler for

next-generation packaging designs. In this study, we compare the

shielding effectiveness (S.E.) on specifically designed transmission

line emitter samples coated with state-of-the-art sputtered conformal

layers against silver coatings applied via inkjet printing of

particle-free metal-organic decomposition inks to evaluate the

new technology for its potential on package-level shielding performance.

Mechanical and electrical characterization of the silver

coatings indicates appropriate tools to specify layer characteristics

and ensure S.E. of 40 dB or higher at frequencies of 800 MHz

and higher. The suitability of our well-tailored silver coatings to

match typical S.E. requirements is shown with even much thinner

layer thickness as compared with state-of-the-art coatings.
Die sogenaamde verowerde gebied: Omstrede grensstreek tussen die Oranje-Vrystaat en Lesotho (Basoetoland)
Authors: Eloff C.C.
Published: July 2024

Lesotho, who has recently laid claim to parts of the eastern Free State, the so-called Conquered Territory, is disputing the legality of the boundary between Lesotho and the RSA. The boundary was, however, fixed as the result of an historical process and in accordance with the principles of international law. The article deals with the circumstances obtaining when the disputed area was first occupied, the opposing claims to it and the initial efforts to deal with the growing boundary question by negotiation and treaty. When the first Basuto War (1858) broke out because of recurrent boundary violations, the policy of negotiation had given place to military confrontation. The war concluded with the first treaty of Aliwal-North which contained boundary stipulations but did not achieve lasting peace. In 1865 a second and in 1868 a third frontier war broke out. The last one (1868) ended when Great Britain annexed Basutoland in March 1868 and the second treaty of Aliwal North was signed in 1869. The boundary determined by this treaty is very similar to that agreed upon earlier, such as in the Southey Treaty (1848) and the Wodehouse Treaty (1864). The real extent of the so-called Conquered Territory is indicated in the article by a map and a list of the original farms within this area.
Potchefstroom en die Eerste Vryheidsoorlog 1880-81
Authors: Haasbroek D.J.P.
Published: July 2024

At first the Transvaalers seemed to accept the British annexation of their country which took place in April 1877. However, there was an undercurrent of protest which within three years turned into definitive action when the Potchefstroomers clashed with the British authorities. Throughout the Transvaal the Boers had refused to pay taxes but it was in Potchefstroom that the issue culminated in direct conflict. What happened was that the British authorities took possession of a certain P.L. Bezuidenhout's oxwagon which they wanted to auction in an effort to raise the money needed for his outstanding taxes. His friends rallied round him and forcefully recovered the wagon. British troops were despatched to Potchefstroom to restore law and order. But it was too late. On 15 December 1880 armed Afrikaners entered Potchefstroom to have the First Proclamation of the restored republican government printed by a local printer. Shots were exchanged between Boer and Briton; this marked the start of the First Anglo-Boer War. The British troops had to defend the local garrison from incessant attack by the Boers under the command of Gen. P.A. Cronjé. The siege ended on 18 March 1881 when the British hoisted the white flag. Many Transvaalers were reluctant to accept the peace terms, but with the Pretoria convention of August 1881 hostilities were formally ended when self-government was restored.
Fort England as a military base
Authors: Sampson Sally
Published: July 2024

Fort England, today a mental institution in Grahamstown, was originally known as the East Barracks. It was a focal point of the infant settlement of the unit which evolved into the Cape Mounted Rifles. Though it never became more than a barracks in effect, its name was changed to Fort England in 1832. For fifty years the 'fort' served as the military headquarters of the Eastern Frontier (except for a brief spell when the headquarters was at King William's Town). It was closely integrated not only with military defence, but with the medical, social, and civic development of Grahamstown, until the Imperial troops withdrew in 1870.
Die gebroeders Deas: Kar- en wamakers van Oudtshoorn 1875-1900
Authors: Ferreira I.J.
Published: July 2024

In 1853 the brothers William and James Robert Deas were still young boys when they emigrated with their parents from Scotland to South Africa. In 1856 their father settled in Oudtshoorn where the two boys went to school, learnt their trade as blacksmiths, and qualified as cart and waggon builders. In 1875 they established their own cartwright's shop, which in the years that followed they developed into one of the largest undertakings of its kind in the Cape Colony. By the end of 1899 owing to a depression in business the partnership had to be dissolved. Both the brothers were active in public affairs, even after their business had been sold, and each went his own way.
KURUMSAL İLETİŞİM BAĞLAMINDA TURİZM FAKÜLTELERİ KURUMSAL WEB SAYFALARINDA YER ALAN HABERLERİN İNCELENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Kasaroğlu Kaan , Güler Mehmet Emre
Published: July 2024

Bugünün bilgi toplumu ve rekabetçi iş yaşamı göz önüne alındığında, kurumlar varlıklarını sürdürmek ve rekabet avantajı elde etmek gibi amaçlarla iç ve dış çevreleri ile iletişim kurmak ve kurulan iletişim ağını geliştirmek durumundadırlar. Bu durum, kâr amacı güden kuruluşlarda olduğu gibi, aynı zamanda sosyal bir oluşum olarak nitelendirilen ve hem iç hem de dış paydaşlarına karşı çeşitli sorumlulukları bulunan üniversiteler de için son derece önem arz etmektedir. Gelişen teknoloji ve buna bağlı olarak artan bilgi ihtiyacı neticesinde, kurumların iletişim sürecinde faydalandığı önemli araçlardan biri ise kurumsal web sayfalarıdır. Nitekim kurumlar, kurumsal web sayfaları sayesinde zaman ve mekândan bağımsız olarak kendilerini tanıtabilmekte, paydaşları ile iletişim kurabilmekte ve gerçekleştirilen faaliyetler hakkında bilgi aktarımı sağlayabilmektedir. Verilen bilgiler doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilen çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren turizm fakültelerinin kurumsal web sayfalarında yer alan haberleri incelemek, böylelikle yayınlanan haberler aracılığı ile turizm fakültelerinin kendilerini iç ve dış paydaşlarına karşı öne çıkartmak istediği yönlerin neler olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren 43 turizm fakültesinin 2023 yılında web sayfalarından yayınladığı 723 haber incelenmiş olup, bulgular içerik analizi ile yorumlanmıştır. Genel olarak yayınlanan haberler incelendiğinde, haberlerin ağırlıklı olarak ekim ve kasım aylarında yayınlandığı, sıklık olarak ise iç ve dış paydaşları kapsayan ziyaretlerin ve öğrencilere yönelik gerçekleştirilen çeşitli etkinliklerin haber olarak paylaşıldığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Spectral Independence via Stability and Applications to Holant-Type Problems
Authors: Chen Zongchen , Liu Kuikui , Vigoda Eric
Published: July 2024

This paper formalizes connections between stability of polynomials and
convergence rates of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. We prove that
if a (multivariate) partition function is nonzero in a region around a real
point $\lambda$ then spectral independence holds at $\lambda$. As a
consequence, for Holant-type problems (e.g., spin systems) on bounded-degree
graphs, we obtain optimal $O(n\log n)$ mixing time bounds for the single-site
update Markov chain known as the Glauber dynamics. Our result significantly
improves the running time guarantees obtained via the polynomial interpolation
method of Barvinok (2017), refined by Patel and Regts (2017).
There are a variety of applications of our results. In this paper, we focus
on Holant-type (i.e., edge-coloring) problems, including weighted edge covers
and weighted even subgraphs. For the weighted edge cover problem (and several
natural generalizations) we obtain an $O(n\log{n})$ sampling algorithm on
bounded-degree graphs. The even subgraphs problem corresponds to the
high-temperature expansion of the ferromagnetic Ising model. We obtain an
$O(n\log{n})$ sampling algorithm for the ferromagnetic Ising model with a
nonzero external field on bounded-degree graphs, which improves upon the
classical result of Jerrum and Sinclair (1993) for this class of graphs. We
obtain further applications to antiferromagnetic two-spin models on line
graphs, weighted graph homomorphisms, tensor networks, and more.