bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Heterogeneity Better? The Impact of Top Management Team Characteristics on Enterprise Innovation Performance
Authors: Wang Haihong , He Wenjun , Yang Yufan
Published: May 2022

Although the importance of the top management team’s characteristics has attracted research attention, its influence remains undetermined. This paper considers the influence of top management team characteristics’ heterogeneity on GEM-listed enterprises’ innovation performance. From the perspective of optimizing top management team human capital and improving enterprise innovation performance, this study analyzes 634 GEM-listed enterprises via regression analysis. The results show that the effect of shallow-factor heterogeneity of the top management team on enterprise innovation performance is not significant, but deep-factor heterogeneity has a negative effect. These findings indicate that deep-factor heterogeneity is more important than shallow-factor heterogeneity and is subject to closer attention. If a GEM-listed enterprise wants to set up a strong top management team that contributes to the improvement of enterprise innovation performance, it must examine the consistency of each member’s educational background and extend their tenure as long as possible without considering the gender ratio or age structure of the team.
Inhibition of a Mitochondrial Potassium Channel in Combination with Gemcitabine and Abraxane Drastically Reduces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in an Immunocompetent Orthotopic Murine Model
Authors: Li Weiwei , Wilson Gregory C. , Bachmann Magdalena , Wang Jiang , Mattarei Andrea , Paradisi Cristina , Edwards Michael J. , Szabo Ildiko , Gulbins Erich , Ahmad Syed A. , Patel Sameer H.
Published: May 2022

Pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one the most aggressive cancers and associated with very high mortality, requiring the development of novel treatments. The mitochondrial voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv1.3 is emerging as an attractive oncologic target but its function in PDAC is unknown. Here, we evaluated the tissue expression of Kv1.3 in resected PDAC from 55 patients using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and show that all tumors expressed Kv1.3 with 60% of tumor specimens having high Kv1.3 expression. In Pan02 cells, the recently developed mitochondria-targeted Kv1.3 inhibitors PCARBTP and PAPTP strongly reduced cell survival in vitro. In an orthotopic pancreas tumor model (Pan02 cells injected into C57BL/6 mice) in immune-competent mice, injection of PAPTP or PCARBTP resulted in tumor reductions of 87% and 70%, respectively. When combined with clinically used Gemcitabine plus Abraxane (albumin-bound paclitaxel), reduction reached 95% and 80% without resultant organ toxicity. Drug-mediated tumor cell death occurred through the p38-MAPK pathway, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxidative stress. Resistant Pan02 clones to PCARBTP escaped cell death through upregulation of the antioxidant system. In contrast, tumor cells did not develop resistance to PAPTP. Our data show that Kv1.3 is highly expressed in resected human PDAC and the use of novel mitochondrial Kv1.3 inhibitors combined with cytotoxic chemotherapies might be a novel, effective treatment for PDAC.
The Next Frontier in Pancreatic Cancer: Targeting the Tumor Immune Milieu and Molecular Pathways
Authors: Yin Chao , Alqahtani Ali , Noel Marcus S.
Published: May 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with abysmal prognosis. It is currently the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality, despite being the 11th most common cancer. Chemotherapy is standard of care in all stages of pancreatic cancer, yet survival, particularly in the advanced stages, often remains under one year. We are turning to immunotherapies and targeted therapies in PDAC in order to directly attack the core features that make PDAC notoriously resistant to chemotherapy. While the initial studies of these agents in PDAC have generally been disappointing, we find optimism in recent preclinical and early clinical research. We find that despite the immunosuppressive effects of the PDAC tumor microenvironment, new strategies, such as combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with vaccine therapy or chemokine receptor antagonists, help elicit strong immune responses. We also expand on principles of DNA homologous recombination repair and highlight opportunities to use agents, such as PARP inhibitors, that exploit deficiencies in DNA repair pathways. Lastly, we describe advances in direct targeting of driver mutations and metabolic pathways and highlight some technological achievements such as novel KRAS inhibitors.
No Geographical Inequalities in Survival for Sarcoma Patients in France: A Reference Networks’ Outcome?
Authors: Fayet Yohan , Chevreau Christine , Decanter Gauthier , Dalban Cécile , Meeus Pierre , Carrère Sébastien , Haddag-Miliani Leila , Le Loarer François , Causeret Sylvain , Orbach Daniel , Kind Michelle , Le Nail Louis-Romée , Ferron Gwenaël , Labrosse Hélène , Chaigneau Loïc , Bertucci François , Ruzic Jean-Christophe , Le Brun Ly Valérie , Farsi Fadila , Bompas Emmanuelle , Noal Sabine , Vozy Aurore , Ducoulombier Agnes , Bonnet Clément , Chabaud Sylvie , Ducimetière Françoise , Tlemsani Camille , Ropars Mickaël , Collard Olivier , Michelin Paul , Gantzer Justine , Dubray-Longeras Pascale , Rios Maria , Soibinet Pauline , Le Cesne Axel , Duffaud Florence , Karanian Marie , Gouin François , Tétreau Raphaël , Honoré Charles , Coindre Jean-Michel , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Bonvalot Sylvie , Blay Jean-Yves
Published: May 2022

The national reference network NETSARC+ provides remote access to specialized diagnosis and the Multidisciplinary Tumour Board (MTB) to improve the management and survival of sarcoma patients in France. The IGéAS research program aims to assess the potential of this innovative organization to address geographical inequalities in cancer management. Using the IGéAS cohort built from the nationwide NETSARC+ database, the individual, clinical, and geographical determinants of the 3-year overall survival of sarcoma patients in France were analyzed. The survival analysis was focused on patients diagnosed in 2013 (n = 2281) to ensure sufficient hindsight to collect patient follow-up. Our study included patients with bone (16.8%), soft-tissue (69%), and visceral (14.2%) sarcomas, with a median age of 61.8 years. The overall survival was not associated with geographical variables after adjustment for individual and clinical factors. The lower survival in precarious population districts [HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.48] in comparison to wealthy metropolitan areas (HR = 1) found in univariable analysis was due to the worst clinical presentation at diagnosis of patients. The place of residence had no impact on sarcoma patients’ survival, in the context of the national organization driven by the reference network. Following previous findings, this suggests the ability of this organization to go through geographical barriers usually impeding the optimal management of cancer patients.
Proteomic Analysis of Lung Cancer Types—A Pilot Study
Authors: Sugár Simon , Bugyi Fanni , Tóth Gábor , Pápay Judit , Kovalszky Ilona , Tornóczky Tamás , Drahos László , Turiák Lilla
Published: May 2022

Lung cancer is the leading cause of tumor-related mortality, therefore significant effort is directed towards understanding molecular alterations occurring at the origin of the disease to improve current treatment options. The aim of our pilot-scale study was to carry out a detailed proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from patients with small cell or non-small cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma). Tissue surface digestion was performed on relatively small cancerous and tumor-adjacent normal regions and differentially expressed proteins were identified using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry and subsequent statistical analysis. Principal component analysis clearly distinguished cancerous and cancer adjacent normal samples, while the four lung cancer types investigated had distinct molecular profiles and gene set enrichment analysis revealed specific dysregulated biological processes as well. Furthermore, proteins with altered expression unique to a specific lung cancer type were identified and could be the targets of future studies.
Endocrine Late Effects in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Casano-Sancho Paula , Izurieta-Pacheco Ana Carolina
Published: May 2022

Childhood cancer management has improved considerably over the years, leading to a significant improvement in survival of up to 80%. However, childhood cancer survivors are at the highest risk of developing sequelae resulting from treatment, with endocrine complications being frequently observed among survivors. Multiple predisposing factors for endocrine sequelae have been identified, including age at diagnosis, treatment received, radiation, tumor type, and genetic polymorphisms, which could explain the individual predisposition to develop drug toxicity. Novel agents targeting tumor growth and immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently become the cornerstone for the treatment of different cancers, triggering a myriad of immune-related endocrinopathies. Endocrine sequelae of cancer therapy will have an impact on not only childhood but also on the survival and quality of life of these highly complex patients. Therefore, lifelong monitoring of childhood cancer survivors at risk of endocrine diseases is paramount. Encouraging oncologists and endocrinologists to develop new follow-up and early detection guidelines that minimize sequelae among these patients has become a priority, promoting integration between pediatric and adult units since many sequelae may manifest only after years to decades of follow-up.
An Enzyme-Based Interdigitated Electrode-Type Biosensor for Detecting Low Concentrations of H2O2 Vapor/Aerosol
Authors: Vahidpour Farnoosh , Alghazali Yousef , Akca Sevilay , Hommes Gregor , Schöning Michael J.
Published: May 2022

This work introduces a novel method for the detection of H2O2 vapor/aerosol of low concentrations, which is mainly applied in the sterilization of equipment in medical industry. Interdigitated electrode (IDE) structures have been fabricated by means of microfabrication techniques. A differential setup of IDEs was prepared, containing an active sensor element (active IDE) and a passive sensor element (passive IDE), where the former was immobilized with an enzymatic membrane of horseradish peroxidase that is selective towards H2O2. Changes in the IDEs’ capacitance values (active sensor element versus passive sensor element) under H2O2 vapor/aerosol atmosphere proved the detection in the concentration range up to 630 ppm with a fast response time (<60 s). The influence of relative humidity was also tested with regard to the sensor signal, showing no cross-sensitivity. The repeatability assessment of the IDE biosensors confirmed their stable capacitive signal in eight subsequent cycles of exposure to H2O2 vapor/aerosol. Room-temperature detection of H2O2 vapor/aerosol with such miniaturized biosensors will allow a future three-dimensional, flexible mapping of aseptic chambers and help to evaluate sterilization assurance in medical industry.
Investigation of Electronic and Optical Properties of Al/Ag and Al/N Co-Implanted ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Ma Zijun , Wei Yanping , Ding Jijun , Chang Peirong , Guo Jinxiu , Peng Zhen
Published: May 2022

Either metal/metal or metal/non-metal co-doping is one of the most effective methods to modulate the visible emission of ZnO. In this paper, ZnO, aluminum-doped ZnO (Al-ZnO), aluminum and silver co-doped ZnO (Al/Ag-ZnO), and aluminum and nitrogen co-doped ZnO (Al/N-ZnO) are deposited. Combining the substitution of zinc ions using Al and/or Ag doping and the substitution of oxygen ions using N doping is expected to introduce more interstitial zinc and oxygen vacancy defects related to visible light emission in ZnO films. The results indicate that the PL spectrum of ZnO shows a violet emission peak at 406 nm and other weak visible emission peaks. After Al doping, we observe a strong blue emission at 421 nm, and its intensity is further enhanced and attains the maximum for Al/N-ZnO. However, for Al/Ag-ZnO, the blue emission shifts toward a longer wavelength, and the intensity of the blue emission conversely decreases. Then, the band structures, the density of states (DOS), the partial density of states (PDOS), and the optical constant of doped ZnO are calculated using density functional theory (DFT). Based on the experimental and theoretical results, the enhancement mechanism of visible light is discussed.
The First Record of Marenzelleria neglecta and the Spread of Laonome xeprovala in the Danube Delta–Black Sea Ecosystem
Authors: Teacă Adrian , Begun Tatiana , Menabit Selma , Mureșan Mihaela
Published: May 2022

Biological invasions can have major impacts on freshwater and marine ecosystems. Therefore, it is vital that non-indigenous species are accurately identified and reported when potential or confirmed invasions occur. The present study reports the first occurrence of Marenzelleria neglecta (Annelida, Spionidae) and the spread of Laonome xeprovala (Annelida, Sabellidae) in the Danube Delta–Black Sea ecosystem. Spionidae is one of the most diverse families of annelid worms and is a dominant group in terms of the number of species that have been introduced to non-native areas, while the members of Sabellidae are among the most visible polychaetes commonly found in fouling communities and are colonizing new geographic areas. Based on 20 samples collected in 2021, we provide an overview of the distribution of the investigated species and possible arrival pathways for Marenzelleria neglecta. Specimens were identified based on morphological descriptions. Both species have invasive behaviour, colonizing large areas in relatively short time periods and reaching relatively high densities (M. neglecta—1400 ind.m−2; L. xeprovala—40 ind.m−2). Due to their distribution and high abundances, the biology and ecology of these species in the Danube River–Danube Delta–Black Sea system need to be investigated further in order to assess their impact on ecosystem structure and functioning.
Realism, Conservatism, and Tiered Ecological Risk Assessment
Authors: Etterson Matthew A.
Published: May 2022

Recent research has provided valuable momentum for the development and use of population models for ecological risk assessment (ERA). In general, ERA proceeds along a tiered strategy, with conservative assumptions deployed at lower tiers that are relaxed at higher tiers with ever more realistic models. As the tier increases, so do the levels of time and effort required by the assessor. When faced with many stressors, species, and habitats, risk assessors need to find efficiencies. Conservative lower-tier approaches are well established, but higher-tier models often prioritize accuracy, and conservative approaches are relatively unexplored at higher tiers. A principle of efficiency for ecological modeling for population-level ecological risk assessment is articulated and evaluated against a conceptual model and an existing set of avian models for chemical risk assessment. Here, four published avian models are reviewed in increasing order of realism (risk quotient → Markov chain nest productivity model → endogenous lifecycle model → spatially explicit population model). Models are compared in a pairwise fashion according to increasing realism and evaluated as to whether conservatism increases or decreases with each step. The principle of efficiency is shown to be a challenging ideal, though some cause for optimism is identified. Strategies are suggested for studying efficiency in tiered ecological model deployment.
Requirement Analysis and Teardrop-Based Design of High Antenna Isolation for FMCW Radar
Authors: Luo Yunlong , Chi Lidong , Qi Alex , Ma Jianhua , Qi Yihong
Published: May 2022

Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is widely used in automotive and consumer electronics because of its range, velocity, and angle measurement functionality. In an FMCW radar system, the isolation between transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) subsystems affects the sensitivity of the FMCW system, which directly impacts the system’s overall performance in target detection. The factors that affect system performance include transmitter-to-receiver on-chip coupling and Tx-to-Rx antenna coupling. The on-chip isolation performance is basically fixed once a radar chip is given, but the antenna isolation performance depends on a designed antenna array. Usually, a targeted antenna requirement is first specified, and then the corresponding Tx and Rx antenna array is designed. However, there is no general principle or criteria for specifying a proper antenna isolation requirement in the existing research. In this paper, first, we reveal that the antenna isolation requirement should be set to be almost the same as the given on-chip isolation value, which is very significant as a general guideline in setting a targeted antenna isolation requirement. All current antenna isolation methods cannot reach the level of on-chip isolation in a compactly designed radar system. We further propose a teardrop-based method to provide high antenna isolation. The principle of an antenna isolation requirement and a novel antenna design using teardrops are both analyzed and demonstrated based on a representative 24 GHz FMCW radar. Our teardrop-shaped structure in the mouth of the conventional Vivaldi antenna achieved greater than 50 dB isolation, while the distance between the Tx and Rx antennas could be reduced to 2.1 mm.
Comparison of Hash Functions for Network Traffic Acquisition Using a Hardware-Accelerated Probe
Authors: Korona Mateusz , Szumełda Paweł , Rawski Mariusz , Janicki Artur
Published: May 2022

In this article we address the problem of efficient and secure monitoring of computer network traffic. We proposed, implemented, and tested a hardware-accelerated implementation of a network probe, using the DE5-Net FPGA development platform. We showed that even when using a cryptographic SHA-3 hash function, the probe uses less than 17% of the available FPGA resources, offering a throughput of over 20 Gbit/s. We have also researched the problem of choosing an optimal hash function to be used in a network probe for addressing network flows in a flow cache. In our work we compared five 32-bit hash functions, including two cryptographic ones: SHA-1 and SHA-3. We ran a series of experiments with various hash functions, using traffic replayed from the CICIDS 2017 dataset. We showed that SHA-1 and SHA-3 provide flow distributions as uniform as the ones offered by the modified Vermont hash function proposed in 2008 (i.e., with low means and standard deviations of the bucket occupation), yet assuring higher security against potential attacks on a network probe.
Continuously Adjustable Micro Valve Based on a Piezoelectric Actuator for High-Precision Flow Rate Control
Authors: Ding Yingli , Cai Yongzhi , Li Yanmei
Published: May 2022

A MEMS-based micro valve fitted with a piezoelectric actuator is presented in order to achieve a continuously adjustable flow rate control. The micro valve is realized using a cost-effective fabrication scheme with simple polyimide (PI) bonding, which has an average shear strength of up to 39.8 MPa, indicating a relatively high reliability. The simulation results based on the finite element method (FEM) show that the valve membrane is able to seal the inlet and cut off the flow successfully with a piezoelectric force of 3N when the differential pressure is 200 kPa. The measurement of the flow rate through the outlets shows that the micro valve can control the flow rate effectively in a large range under different actuation voltages and differential pressures. When the actuation voltage is 140 V, the measured leak flow of the closed micro valve is smaller than 0.5 sccm with a differential pressure of 200 kPa.
Automatic Classification of Hospital Settings through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Iadanza Ernesto , Benincasa Giovanni , Ventisette Isabel , Gherardelli Monica
Published: May 2022

Modern hospitals have to meet requirements from national and international institutions in order to ensure hygiene, quality and organisational standards. Moreover, a hospital must be flexible and adaptable to new delivery models for healthcare services. Various hospital monitoring tools have been developed over the years, which allow for a detailed picture of the effectiveness and efficiency of the hospital itself. Many of these systems are based on database management systems (DBMSs), building information modelling (BIM) or geographic information systems (GISs). This work presents an automatic recognition system for hospital settings that integrates these tools. Three alternative proposals were analysed in terms of the construction of the system: the first was based on the use of general models that are present on the cloud for the classification of images; the second consisted of the creation of a customised model and referred to the Clarifai Custom Model service; the third used an object recognition software that was developed by Facebook AI Research combined with a random forest classifier. The obtained results were promising. The customised model almost always classified the photos according to the correct intended use, resulting in a high percentage of confidence of up to 96%. Classification using the third tool was excellent when considering a limited number of hospital settings, with a peak accuracy of higher than 99% and an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of one for specific classes. As expected, increasing the number of room typologies to be discerned negatively affected performance.
High-Reliability Underwater Acoustic Communication Using an M-ary Cyclic Spread Spectrum
Authors: Ra HyungIn , Youn Changhyun , Kim Kiman
Published: May 2022

Multipath propagation, frequency selective fading, low-propagation velocity, and narrow bandwidth are all characteristics of underwater acoustic channels. Doppler shifts and diffusions can occur as a result of the low transmission speed of an acoustic signal, which can be caused by the movement of ocean currents or the transceiver. Furthermore, frequency selective fading and excessive noise interference can disrupt underwater acoustic communication on a continual basis. Because of its high anti-interference ability and high confidentiality, spread spectrum technology is commonly adopted in underwater acoustic communications. Although the direct sequence spread spectrum method has a low data rate, it is advantageous in a multipath propagation channel environment or an environment with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This advantage is suitable for long-distance transmission or LPD (Low Probability of Detection) communication, and the direct sequence spread spectrum method is applied. In this paper, we propose a highly reliable M-ary cyclic spread spectrum technique by superimposing the M-ary spread spectrum, an extension of the direct sequence spread spectrum technique, and cyclic shift keying. Furthermore, by estimating the Doppler frequency using M-ary spread spectrum codes and performing synchronization correction of the ensuing symbol based on the estimation results, higher performance can be attained. Simulations and experiments showed that the M-ary cyclic spread spectrum method can reduce Doppler estimation and synchronization error accumulation while maintaining a high data rate. Furthermore, the MCSS method had a lower bit error rate than the standard spread spectrum method.
Aging Characteristics of Stationary Lithium-Ion Battery Systems with Serial and Parallel Cell Configurations
Authors: Yagci Mehmet C. , Feldmann Thomas , Bollin Elmar , Schmidt Michael , Bessler Wolfgang G.
Published: May 2022

The significant market growth of stationary electrical energy storage systems both for private and commercial applications has raised the question of battery lifetime under practical operation conditions. Here, we present a study of two 8 kWh lithium-ion battery (LIB) systems, each equipped with 14 lithium iron phosphate/graphite (LFP) single cells in different cell configurations. One system was based on a standard configuration with cells connected in series, including a cell-balancing system and a 48 V inverter. The other system featured a novel configuration of two stacks with a parallel connection of seven cells each, no cell-balancing system, and a 4 V inverter. The two systems were operated as part of a microgrid both in continuous cycling mode between 30% and 100% state of charge, and in solar-storage mode with day–night cycling. The aging characteristics in terms of capacity loss and internal resistance change in the cells were determined by disassembling the systems for regular checkups and characterizing the individual cells under well-defined laboratory conditions. As a main result, the two systems showed cell-averaged capacity losses of 18.6% and 21.4% for the serial and parallel configurations, respectively, after 2.5 years of operation with 810 (serial operation) and 881 (parallel operation) cumulated equivalent full cycles. This is significantly higher than the aging of a reference single cell cycled under laboratory conditions at 20 °C, which showed a capacity loss of only 10% after 1000 continuous full cycles.
Research on Stress Distribution Regularity and Support Optimization of an “Umbrella” Coal Pillar in a Gob-Side Roadway Based on Irregular Gob
Authors: Yang Yongjie , Zhang Yang , Huang Gang
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the phenomenon of a large amount of roof subsidence and rib caving in the gob-side roadway under the special “umbrella” coal pillar in isolated panel No. 325 of Yangcun Coal Mine, the stress distribution regularity of the gob-side roadway under a “umbrella” coal pillar was studied in detail by establishing mathematical models, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations. The results show that the following: (1) The stress distribution regularity of the irregular coal pillar is actually the mechanical structure of irregular gob. (2) The abutment pressure of the gob is always distributed vertically along the edge of the gob. When the edge of the gob intersects diagonally with the gob roadway, the stress distribution of the surrounding rock of the roadway cannot be calculated only by the width of the coal pillar—the angle between the edge of the gob and the roadway should also be considered. (3) The abutment pressure at each cusp position in irregular gob extends in the opposite direction of the bisection cusp line, which may lead to peak stress concentration area in gob roadways with solid coal on both sides, and even roof caving and sidewall deviation disasters.
The Optimal Diameter of the Droplets of a High-Viscosity Liquid Containing Solid State Catalyst Particles
Authors: Bielecki Zdzisław , Ochowiak Marek , Włodarczak Sylwia , Krupińska Andżelika , Matuszak Magdalena , Jagiełło Krzysztof , Dziuba Jarosław , Szajna Ernest , Choiński Dariusz , Odziomek Marcin , Sosnowski Tomasz R.
Published: May 2022

The article presents a method of controlling the size of droplets generated by a system that sprays a high-viscosity liquid containing particles of a solid body, i.e., a catalyst. The work is a continuation of previous research concerning the spraying of liquids with a catalyst, which improves the efficiency of the process. As a result of the conducted CFD calculations, it was found that to bring the catalyst to the system, a droplet with a diameter of at least 30 µm should be generated. The tests were carried out on a laboratory scale on a model isopropanol-water system. A polymer containing Raney nickel particles was added to the suspension. The analysis of the obtained data confirmed the possibility of generating droplets with the desired diameters in order for the liquid carrying the catalyst to not evaporate before it is delivered to the combustion chamber. The designed and constructed test system allows the diameters of the generated droplets to be controlled by changing the settings of the spraying nozzle. Moreover, it enables the parameters of the process, and the spraying itself, to be controlled. In further work, tests on a real 0.5 MW facility are planned. Due to the use of a catalyst, a greater degree of fuel burnout can be obtained, and the dynamics of the combustion process can be improved. Additionally, the parameters of the emitted exhaust gases and ash composition can also be enhanced.
Trials of Commercial- and Wild-Type Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains under Aerobic and Microaerophilic/Anaerobic Conditions: Ethanol Production and Must Fermentation from Grapes of Santorini (Greece) Native Varieties
Authors: Basa Kalliopi , Papanikolaou Seraphim , Dimopoulou Maria , Terpou Antonia , Kallithraka Stamatina , Nychas George-John E.
Published: May 2022

In modern wine-making technology, there is an increasing concern in relation to the preservation of the biodiversity, and the employment of “new”, “novel” and wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as cell factories amenable for the production of wines that are not “homogenous”, expressing their terroir and presenting interesting and “local” sensory characteristics. Under this approach, in the current study, several wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains (LMBF Y-10, Y-25, Y-35 and Y-54), priorly isolated from wine and grape origin, selected from the private culture collection of the Agricultural University of Athens, were tested regarding their biochemical behavior on glucose-based (initial concentrations ca 100 and 200 g/L) shake-flask experiments. The wild yeast strains were compared with commercial yeast strains (viz. Symphony, Cross X and Passion Fruit) in the same conditions. All selected strains rapidly assimilated glucose from the medium converting it into ethanol in good rates, despite the imposed aerobic conditions. Concerning the wild strains, the best results were achieved for the strain LMBF Y-54 in which maximum ethanol production (EtOHmax) up to 68 g/L, with simultaneous ethanol yield on sugar consumed = 0.38 g/g were recorded. Other wild strains tested (LMBF Y-10, Y-25 and Y-35) achieved lower ethanol production (up to ≈47 g/L). Regarding the commercial strains, the highest ethanol concentration was achieved by S. cerevisiae Passion Fruit (EtOHmax = 91.1 g/L, yield = 0.45 g/g). Subsequently, the “novel” strain that presented the best technological characteristics regards its sugar consumption and alcohol production properties (viz. LMBF Y-54) and the commercial strain that equally presented the best previously mentioned technological characteristics (viz. Passion Fruit) were further selected for the wine-making process. The selected must originated from red and white grapes (Assyrtiko and Mavrotragano, Santorini Island; Greece) and fermentation was performed under wine-making conditions showing high yields for both strains (EtOHmax = 98–106 g/L, ethanol yield = 0.47–0.50 g/g), demonstrating the production efficiency under microaerophilic/anaerobic conditions. Molecular identification by rep-PCR carried out throughout fermentations verified that each inoculated yeast was the one that dominated during the whole bioprocess. The aromatic compounds of the produced wines were qualitatively analyzed at the end of the processes. The results highlight the optimum technological characteristics of the selected “new” wild strain (S. cerevisiae LMBF Y-54), verifying its suitability for wine production while posing great potential for future industrial applications.
Dynamic Regulation of Transporter Expression to Increase L-Threonine Production Using L-Threonine Biosensors
Authors: Wang Sumeng , Hao Ruxin , Jin Xin , Li Xiaomeng , Qi Qingsheng , Liang Quanfeng
Published: May 2022

The cytotoxicity of overexpressed transporters limits their application in biochemical production. To overcome this problem, we developed a feedback circuit for L-threonine production that uses a biosensor to regulate transporter expression. First, we used IPTG-induced rhtA regulation, L-threonine exporter, to simulate dynamic regulation for improving L-threonine production, and the results show that it had significant advantages compared with the constitutive overexpression of rhtA. To further construct a feedback circuit for rhtA auto-regulation, three L-threonine sensing promoters, PcysJ, PcysD, and PcysJH, were characterized with gradually decreasing strength. The dynamic expression of rhtA with a threonine-activated promoter considerably increased L-threonine production (21.19 g/L) beyond that attainable by the constitutive expression of rhtA (8.55 g/L). Finally, the autoregulation method was used in regulating rhtB and rhtC to improve L-threonine production and achieve a high titer of 26.78 g/L (a 161.01% increase), a yield of 0.627 g/g glucose, and a productivity of 0.743 g/L/h in shake-flask fermentation. This study analyzed in detail the influence of dynamic regulation and the constitutive expression of transporters on L-threonine production. For the first time, we confirmed that dynamically regulating transporter levels can efficiently promote L-threonine production by using the end-product biosensor.
Preparation, Characteristics, and Advantages of Plant Protein-Based Bioactive Molecule Delivery Systems
Authors: Guan Tongwei , Zhang Zhiheng , Li Xiaojing , Cui Shaoning , McClements David Julian , Wu Xiaotian , Chen Long , Long Jie , Jiao Aiquan , Qiu Chao , Jin Zhengyu
Published: May 2022

As a renewable resource, the market trend of plant protein has increased significantly in recent years. Compared with animal protein, plant protein production has strong sustainability factors and a lower environmental impact. Many bioactive substances have poor stability, and poor absorption effects limit their application in food. Plant protein-based carriers could improve the water solubility, stability, and bioavailability of bioactive substances by different types of delivery systems. In this review, we present a detailed and concise summary of the effects and advantages of various plant protein-based carriers in the encapsulation, protection, and delivery of bioactive substances. Furthermore, the research progress of food-grade bioactive ingredient delivery systems based on plant protein preparation in recent years is summarized, and some current challenges and future research priorities are highlighted. There are some key findings and conclusions: (i) plant proteins have numerous functions: as carriers for transportation systems, a shell or core of a system, or food ingredients; (ii) plant protein-based carriers could improve the water solubility, stability, and bioavailability of bioactive substances by different types of delivery systems; and (iii) plant protein-based carriers stabilize bioactive substances with potential applications in the food and nutrition fields.
The Protective Effect of Polysaccharide SAFP from Sarcodon aspratus on Water Immersion and Restraint Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcer and Modulatory Effects on Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis
Authors: Zhang Dongjing , Xiang Ming , Jiang Yun , Wu Fen , Chen Huaqun , Sun Min , Zhang Lingzhi , Du Xianfeng , Chen Lei
Published: May 2022

Sarcodon aspratus is a popular edible fungus for its tasty flavour and can be used as a dietary supplement for its functional substances. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential health benefits of Sarcodon aspratus polysaccharides (SAFP) on water immersion and restraint stress (WIRS)-induced gastric ulcer in rats. The results indicated that SAFP could decrease myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and plasma corticosterone levels, as well as enhance Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Nitrate/nitrite (NOx) concentration in rats. Furthermore, SAFP significantly attenuated the stress damage, inflammation, pathological changes and gastric mucosal lesion in rats. Moreover, high-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA suggested that SAFP modulated the dysbiosis of gut microbiota by enhancing the relative abundance of probiotics, decreasing WIRS-triggered bacteria proliferation. In summary, these results provided the evidence that SAFP exerted a beneficial effect on a WIRS-induced gastric ulcer via blocking the TLR4 signaling pathway and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Notably, SAFP could modulate the WIRS-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Thus, SAFP might be explored as a natural gastric mucosal protective agent in the prevention of gastric ulcers and other related diseases in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Association between SNPs in Leptin Pathway Genes and Anthropometric, Biochemical, and Dietary Markers Related to Obesity
Authors: Cadena-López Ricardo Omar , Hernández-Rodríguez Lourdes Vanessa , Aguilar-Galarza Adriana , García-Muñoz Willebaldo , Haddad-Talancón Lorenza , Anzures-Cortes Ma. de Lourdes , Velázquez-Sánchez Claudia , Flores-Viveros Karla Lucero , Anaya-Loyola Miriam Aracely , García-Gasca Teresa , Rodríguez-García Víctor Manuel , Moreno-Celis Ulisses
Published: May 2022

Obesity is one of the main public health problems in Mexico and the world and one from which a large number of pathologies derive. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of various genes have been studied and proven to contribute to the development of multiple diseases. SNPs of the leptin pathway have been associated with the control of hunger and energy expenditure as well as with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the present work focused on determining the association between anthropometric markers and biochemical and dietary factors related to obesity and SNPs of leptin pathway genes, such as the leptin gene (LEP), the leptin receptor (LEPR), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), prohormone convertase 1 (PCSK1), and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). A population of 574 young Mexican adults of both sexes, aged 19 years old on average and without metabolic disorders previously diagnosed, underwent a complete medical and nutritional evaluation, biochemical determination, and DNA extraction from the blood; DNA samples were subsequently genotyped. Association analyses between anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables with SNPs were performed using binary logistic regressions (p-value = 0.05). Although the sampled population did not have previously diagnosed diseases, the evaluation results showed that 33% were overweight or obese according to BMI and 64% had non-clinically elevated levels of body fat. From the 74 SNP markers analyzed from the five previously mentioned genes, 62 showed polymorphisms within the sampled population, and only 35 of these had significant associations with clinical variables. The risk associations (OR > 1) occurred between clinical markers with elevated values for waist circumference, waist–height index, BMI, body fat percentage, glucose levels, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, triglyceride levels, cholesterol levels, LDL-c, low HDL-c, carbohydrate intake, and protein intake and SNPs of the LEP, LEPR, PCSK1, and MC4R genes. On the other hand, the protective associations (OR < 1) were associated with markers including elevated values for insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, c-LDL, energy intake > 2440 Kcal/day, and lipid intake and SNPs of the LEP and LEPR genes and POMC. The present study describes associations between SNPs in leptin pathway genes, revealing positive and negative interactions between reported SNPs and the clinical markers related to obesity in a sampled Mexican population. Hence, our results open the door for the further study of new genetic variants and their influence on obesity.
Eph and Ephrin Variants in Malaysian Neural Tube Defect Families
Authors: Mohd-Zin Siti Waheeda , Tan Amelia Cheng Wei , Atroosh Wahib M. , Thong Meow-Keong , Azizi Abu Bakar , Greene Nicholas D. E. , Abdul-Aziz Noraishah Mydin
Published: May 2022

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects with a complex genetic etiology. Mouse genetic models have indicated a number of candidate genes, of which functional mutations in some have been found in human NTDs, usually in a heterozygous state. This study focuses on Ephs-ephrins as candidate genes of interest owing to growing evidence of the role of this gene family during neural tube closure in mouse models. Eph-ephrin genes were analyzed in 31 Malaysian individuals comprising seven individuals with sporadic spina bifida, 13 parents, one twin-sibling and 10 unrelated controls. Whole exome sequencing analysis and bioinformatic analysis were performed to identify variants in 22 known Eph-ephrin genes. We reported that three out of seven spina bifida probands and three out of thirteen family members carried a variant in either EPHA2 (rs147977279), EPHB6 (rs780569137) or EFNB1 (rs772228172). Analysis of public databases shows that these variants are rare. In exome datasets of the probands and parents of the probands with Eph-ephrin variants, the genotypes of spina bifida-related genes were compared to investigate the probability of the gene–gene interaction in relation to environmental risk factors. We report the presence of Eph-ephrin gene variants that are prevalent in a small cohort of spina bifida patients in Malaysian families.
Impacts of Gravitational Mass Movements on Protective Structures—Rock Avalanches/Granular Flow
Authors: Hofmann Robert , Berger Simon
Published: May 2022

Rock avalanches and landslides lead to gravitational flow into their runout areas, which poses increasing danger to settlement areas and infrastructure in the Alpine region as a result of climate change. In recent years, a significant increase in extreme events has been registered in the Alps due to climate change. These changes in the threat to settlement areas in the Alpine region have resulted in the need for the construction of sustainable protective structures. Many structures are rigid, but others are now also increasingly flexible, e.g., net and dam structures, which are mainly earth dams with geogrids. In this study, empirical model experiments and numerical simulations were carried out to estimate the flow depth, the deposition forms and the effects on protective structures. Numerical programs usually require unknown input parameters and long computation times for a realistic simulation of the process. This study shows the results of model tests with different granular materials. Furthermore, different design approaches of different authors are presented. Finally, a design model based on the model tests of the University of Innsbruck for rigid barriers, nets and dams due to rock avalanches is presented.
Drug Use among the Elderly Assisted by the Psychosocial Assistance Center in District Federal-Brasilia
Authors: de Sousa Pinheiro Barbosa João , Pereira Leonardo Costa , Chiarello Marileusa Dosolina , Garcia Kerolyn Ramos , de Brito Giovanna Oliveira , Gris Eliana Fortes , de Oliveira Karnikowski Margô Gomes
Published: May 2022

The inadequate and abusive usage of psychoactive substances is something real that affects Brazil’s elderly population, and it is a huge challenge for the public health system and its professionals. Aware of the social impact involving the use of illegal drugs, in 2002, the Ministry of Health instituted a network of psychosocial assistance as a strategy to deal with the problem. This study carried out an analysis of the profile of use of legal and illegal drugs by the elderly who are assisted by the network of psychosocial assistance in the Federal District. A quantitative and analytical study with secondary data collection, using patient records held in the CAPS-AD in the Federal District. The inclusion criteria were people of 60 and over who were users of alcohol and other drugs and who sought assistance at CAPS-AD between 2000 and 2017. A total of 408 medical records were analyzed concerning social demographic variations, types of rehabilitation services sought, types of substances consumed, associations between drugs consumed, time of consumption, and adherence to the treatment. Most of the elderly users were male (85.3%), on average 64 ± 4.42 years old. Regarding the drugs consumed, the highest quantity was for illegal substances (76%), compared to the legal ones (23%). No significant difference was found between males (OR = 1.1) and females (OR = 0.74) regarding the use or abuse of multiple drugs. The elderly used both legal and illegal drugs for a long period of time, with low adherence to the treatment, and alcohol consumption among the elderly prevailed above the other psychoactive substances.
DMPP and Polymer-Coated Urea Promoted Growth and Increased Yield of Greenhouse Tomatoes
Authors: Nie Kunkun , Bai Qingjun , Chen Chao , Zhang Mingzhi , Li Yuan
Published: May 2022

Improvements in nitrogen (N) use efficiency reduce stress on the environment and improve tomato production. A two-year trial was conducted in greenhouse tomatoes with a split-plot design, in which one factor was the N application rate (150 kg·ha−1, N1; 200 kg·ha−1, N2; and 250 kg·ha−1, N3) and two other factors were the type of urea applied (urea, T1; slow-release (polymer-coated) urea, T2, and nitrification inhibitors (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, DMPP) + urea, T3); no N fertilizer was applied in the control. The effects of the nitrogen (N) application rate and type of urea applied on the root morphology indexes, growth indexes, photosynthetic parameters, yield (Y), water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) of greenhouse tomatoes were investigated. The results show that an appropriate N application rate (200 kg·ha−1) can improve tomato growth and net photosynthetic rate (Pn). With T3, the Y and WUE of greenhouse tomatoes first increased and then decreased as the N application rate increased, but with T1 and T2, the Y and WUE increased as the N application rate increased. The NAE of greenhouse tomatoes was significantly lower with N3 than with N2. The root growth, plant growth, Pn, Y, WUE, and NAE of the tomatoes were improved with T2 and T3 compared to T1. These findings can be used to promote N conservation and increase the Y of facility agriculture crops.
Structural Aspects of E. coli Type II Asparaginase in Complex with Its Secondary Product L-Glutamate
Authors: Maggi Maristella , Scotti Claudia
Published: May 2022

Bacterial L-asparaginases are amidohydrolases (EC 3.5.1.1) capable of deaminating L-asparagine and, with reduced efficiency, L-glutamine. Interest in the study of L-asparaginases is driven by their use as biodrugs for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here, we report for the first time the description of the molecular structure of type II asparaginase from Escherichia coli in complex with its secondary product, L-glutamate. To obtain high-quality crystals, we took advantage of the N24S variant, which has structural and functional features similar to the wild-type enzyme, but improved stability, and which yields more ordered crystals. Analysis of the structure of the N24S-L–glutamate complex (N24S–GLU) and comparison with its apo and L-aspartate-bound form confirmed that the enzyme-reduced catalytic efficiency in the presence of L-glutamine is due to L-glutamine misfitting into the enzyme-binding pocket, which causes a local change in the catalytic center geometry. Moreover, a tight interaction between the two protomers that form the enzyme active site limits the capability of L-glutamine to fit into (and to exit from) the binding pocket of E. coli L-asparaginase, explaining why the enzyme has lower glutaminolytic activity compared to other enzymes of the same family, in particular the Erwinia chrysanthemi one.