bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition and antibacterial effect of Smyrnium olusatrum L. Fruit Essential Oil
Authors: Cherif Hamida Saida , Zalegh Imane , Saidi Fairouz , Benmanssour Nabahat , González-Mas M. Carmen , Blázquez M. Amparo , Ait Mhand Rajaa , Akssira Mohamed
Published: June 2020

The plants of the Apiaceae family are mainly used for food purposes and their multiple therapeutic properties and biological activities. This study aims to determine the chemical composition of Essential Oil (EO) of the fruits of Smyrnium olusatrum L. obtained by hydrodistillation in Clevenger-type apparatus. GC/MS analyzed the EO and the antibacterial activity was evaluated against clinical bacterial strains by two complementary methods (Disc diffusion and micro-atmosphere) and determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The results of chemical composition show that the EO is dominated by hydrocarbon monoterpenes (55,95%). The antibacterial effect shows that Gram-positive bacteria are the most sensitive to the inhibitory action of EO with inhibition zone diameters (DZI) ranging from 18 to 20 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecium strains. The same results were reported with the micro-atmosphere
Seguridad del Paciente en Medicina Intensiva. Aspectos bioéticos
Authors: Martín Delgado María Cruz
Published: June 2020

La Seguridad del Paciente se ha convertido en un reto y en una prioridad de todos los sistemas sanitarios. Se ha implantado políticas internacionales con el objetivo de reducir el número de incidentes relacionados con Seguridad del Paciente. Todavía son muchos los pacientes que sufren daños derivados de la atención sanitaria. Además, su impacto se extiende no solo a los familiares y allegados, sino también a los propios profesionales, a las instituciones sanitarias y todo ello con un coste económico y emocional con importantes consecuencias para todos los implicados. La mayoría de estudios realizados han ido dirigidos a conocer la epidemiología de los eventos adversos, a conocer sus causas y sus consecuencias. Se han promovido numerosas prácticas seguras con el objetivo de reducir los riesgos relacionados con la atención sanitaria. Recientemente han cobrado mayor relevancia aspectos relacionados con la actuación posterior a un evento adverso (EA). La gestión del riesgo implica entre otras acciones, la identificación, notificación y el análisis de los EA que señalen los fallos latentes en el sistema y la causa raíz con el objetivo último de establecer acciones de mejora y evitar su recurrencia. De forma paulatina estas estrategias se han ido incorporando en las políticas institucionales y mejorando con ello la cultura de seguridad. Pero todavía existen partes del proceso, que en nuestro ámbito se encuentran en su etapa más inicial, tales como el proceso de información sobre los EA a los pacientes y sus familiares y el soporte a los profesionales tras verse implicados en un EA. Todo ello debe construirse en un marco de confianza y credibilidad.
Voluntades anticipadas y consentimiento informado en Medicina Intensiva
Authors: Velasco Sanz Tayra
Published: June 2020

Desde su origen, la Medicina Intensiva y la Bioética han compartido un desarrollo común, reforzándose entre ambas. Los límites de la tecnología, el cambio en la relación clínica, el respeto a las preferencias de los pacientes, han generado distintos conflictos éticos entre profesionales, pacientes y familiares. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar como los pacientes que ingresan en las unidades de cuidados intensivos pueden participar en la toma de decisiones sobre actuaciones presentes (consentimiento informado) o futuras (voluntades anticipadas) e identificar el papel tanto del profesional sanitario como de la familia durante todo el proceso.
Los derechos de los animales en Colombia: una enmarañada serie de discursos
Authors: Gonzalez Javier Andrés
Published: June 2020

Ante la preocupación por el desarrollo de argumentos que soportan estrategias de protección animal, en este artículo se identifican y analizan distintos discursos sobre derechos de los animales que pronuncian documentos de los poderes ejecutivo, legislativo y judicial de Colombia. Se encontraron discursos tergiversados para promover prácticas de maltrato animal y otros cuya falta de rigor argumentativo no permite que se les pueda caracterizar propiamente como derechos de los animales. Esta situación plantea la necesidad de revisar las herramientas conceptuales en particular de quienes participan activamente en la defensa de los animales no humanos.
Development of a 355-nm high-spectral-resolution lidar using a scanning Michelson interferometer for aerosol profile measurement
Authors: Jin Yoshitaka , Nishizawa Tomoaki , Sugimoto Nobuo , Ishii Shoken , Aoki Makoto , Sato Kaori , Okamoto Hajime
Published: June 2020

A simple 355-nm high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) is developed for continuous observation of aerosol profiles. A scanning Michelson interferometer is used to separate the Rayleigh and Mie scattering components. The interferometer is periodically scanned in the range of one fringe. Interference contrast, which contains aerosol backscatter information, is estimated at each height through fitting analysis of the scan data. The interference contrast and fringe position are calibrated with the reference signals taken from the transmitted laser. Furthermore, the 1-day continuous measurement of aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficients is demonstrated. Comparison with a nighttime Raman lidar indicates a good performance of the scanning method.
Interrogation technique analyses of a hybrid fiber optic sensor based on SPR and MMI
Authors: Yi Duo , Chen Yuzhi , Geng Youfu , Teng Fei , Li Yong , Liu Fei , Li Xuejin , Hong Xueming
Published: June 2020

This study evaluates the interrogation techniques of a hybrid fiber optic sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and multimode interference (MMI). The sensor is based on a single mode, fiber-no core, fiber-single mode fiber (SMF-NCF-SMF) structure with a deposited gold film layer. Both SPR and MMI effects are excited in a single sensor structure without enlarging the device size. However, at the same time, the interference fringe patterns are also mixed with the SPR transmission spectra, and the traditional SPR interrogation technique becomes unavailable since the resonant wavelength is hard to be located. In this study, the fast Fourier transform and different filtering algorithms are applied, both SPR signal and interference signal with different orders are separated effectively due to their different spatial frequency distributions, and they are processed individually for refractive index (RI) sensing. The experimental results verify that the overall RI sensitivity of the hybrid sensor is significantly enhanced. This study provides an important supplement to the traditional SPR and MMI functions.
Bottom-metal-printed thermo-optic waveguide switches based on low-loss fluorinated polycarbonate materials
Authors: Wang Chunxue , Zhang Daming , Zhang Xucheng , Ding Shuxiang , Wang Jihou , Cheng Ru , Wang Fei , Cui Zhanchen , Chen Changming
Published: June 2020

In this work, thermo-optic (TO) waveguide switches are designed and fabricated based on the bottom-metal-printed technique. Low-loss fluorinated polycarbonate (AF-Z-PC MA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are used as core and cladding materials, respectively. The thermal stability and optical absorption characteristics of AF-Z-PC MA are analyzed. The optical and thermal field distributions of the TO switch are simulated. The insertion loss and extinction ratio of the device are found to be 4.5 dB and 19.8 dB, respectively, at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The on-off time of the switching chip is 80 µs. The electrical power consumption is approximately 8.8 mW. The proposed low-loss fluorinated polymer TO waveguide switch realized by bottom-metal-printed fabrication technology is suitable for large-scale integrated photonic circuit systems.
Utilizing phase delays of an integrated pixel-array structure to generate orbital-angular-momentum beams with tunable orders and a broad bandwidth
Authors: Song Hao , Zhao Zhe , Zhang Runzhou , Song Haoqian , Zhou Huibin , Pang Kai , Du Jing , Li Long , Liu Cong , Su Xinzhou , Almaiman Ahmed , Bock Robert , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: June 2020

We study the relationship between the input phase delays and the output mode orders when using a pixel-array structure fed by multiple single-mode waveguides for tunable orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beam generation. As an emitter of a free-space OAM beam, the designed structure introduces a transformation function that shapes and coherently combines multiple (e.g., four) equal-amplitude inputs, with thekth input carrying a phase delay of(k−1)Δφ. The simulation results show that (1) the generated OAM order ℓ is dependent on the relative phase delayΔφ; (2) the transformation function can be tailored by engineering the structure to support different tunable ranges (e.g., l={−1},{−1,+1},{−1,0,+1}, or{−2,−1,+1,+2}); and (3) multiple independent coaxial OAM beams can be generated by simultaneously feeding the structure with multiple independent beams, such that each beam has its ownΔφvalue for the four inputs. Moreover, there is a trade-off between the tunable range and the mode purity, bandwidth, and crosstalk, such that the increase of the tunable range leads to (a) decreased mode purity (from 91% to 75% forl=−1), (b) decreased 3 dB bandwidth of emission efficiency (from 285 nm forl={−1}to 122 nm forl={−2,−1,+1,+2}), and (c) increased crosstalk within the C-band (from−23.7to−13.2dBwhen the tunable range increases from 2 to 4).
Conspiracism on social media: An agenda melding of group-mediated deceptions
Authors: Bantimaroudis Philemon , Sideri Maria , Ballas Dimitris , Panagiotidis Theodore , Ziogas Thanasis
Published: June 2020

This study examines students’ social media interactions in relation to their subcultural explorations of a conspiratorial nature. A sample of 476 students from four European universities participated in a survey about conspiracy theories in social media group discussions. In the survey, we examined various social and media factors in relation to students’ beliefs in conspiracy theories. The results of this exploratory study reveal that students treat social media as news sources; furthermore, they trust social media more than traditional mass media. The study reveals demographic, personal and technological factors that encourage a mediated conspiratorial discourse.
Framing anti-Americanism in Turkey: An empirical comparison of domestic and international media
Authors: Onat Ismail , Cubukcu Suat , Demir Fatih , Akca Davut
Published: June 2020

Anti-Americanism is a growing tendency among people in Turkey, and the media is one source of this negative sentiment. After the failed military coup attempt in Turkey on 15 July 2016, more than 150 domestic media outlets were shut down, including television channels, daily newspapers, radio stations, news websites, and even social media. Local affiliates of international media companies such as Deutsche Welle Turkish, however, have remained immune to such government interventions to some extent. Considering the difference in the level of independence from Turkish government influence, this study aims to explore how the anti-American sentiment in the news varied across different media outlets. With the content of 690 online news reports, a sentiment analysis compared the pro-government Sabah and Yeni Şafak daily newspapers with two internationally owned and more independent media outlets, BBC News Turkish and Deutsche Welle. The results showed a significant discrepancy between the two groups in terms of how they framed news related to the United States. The domestic media framed and reported the US-related news with a more negative slant, including the use of offensive and pejorative narratives about the United States and its politics. BBC Turkish and Deutsche Welle, however, reported news about the United States with a relatively more neutral and objective language.
Artistic quality and consensus decision-making: On reviewing panels in the performing arts
Authors: Lewandowska Kamila , Smolarska Zofia
Published: June 2020

Although panel reviewing is frequently used in the allocation of public cultural funds, the internal functioning of artistic panels has received little attention in cultural and sociological studies. This article examines panel reviewing in the field of theatre. Based on in-depth interviews with panel experts, it analyses factors that are influential in terms of procedural and substantive aspects of decision-making. Our investigation deals with: (1) individual critical approaches of members and how they come into play in panel deliberations, (2) group composition and diversity, (3) group and leader influence on individual and collective decisions and (4) the meaning of consensus as a decision rule. The article sheds light on how collective judgements are formed, shared and constrained by the procedural (e.g. group diversity, decision rules), social (e.g. group pressure) and personal (e.g. individual approaches and tastes) aspects of group decision-making.
A Química: o primeiro século na Universidade de Coimbra e o progresso desta ciência
Authors: Redinha J. Simões
Published: June 2020

A matriz reflexiva deste escrito é constituída pela evolução da Química na Universidade de Coimbra e nos países cientificamente mais avançados no decurso do primeiro século desta ciência, no que respeita à história das ideias e às condições necessárias para o seu progresso, tais como as técnicas laboratoriais, o interesse social e a sua capacidade de associação. Os estudo comparativo do desenvolvimento da Química no nosso País e o crescimento explosivo da ciência no plano internacional não deixa também de ser objecto de análise crítica na economia da obra. O declínio da Universidade ao tempo da criação da cadeira de Química e a fase pré-científica desta disciplina são apresentadas como introdução necessária à avaliação científica do período em apreço.
Cholestasis in Benign Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis 2
Authors: Arthur Lorio Eric , Valadez David , Alkhouri Naim , Loo Nicole
Published: June 2020

Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis represents a rare class of autosomal recessive chronic cholestasis disorders, usually presenting with recurrent episodes of intense pruritus and jaundice. We report a 27-year-old woman presenting with benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 due to heterozygosity in ABCB11. Interestingly, she was also found to be heterozygous in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, NPHP4, and A1ATD (SERPINA1), which may explain the severe nature of her disease expression because heterozygosity in each of these genes has been associated with cholestasis. Finally, she exhibited a response to steroids that may have implications for future treatment of bile salt export pump-related diseases.
Prilagoditev in psihometrična validacija Lestvice profesionalnih kompetenc medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah v času epidemije SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) v Sloveniji
Authors: Prosen Mirko , Ličen Sabina , Karnjuš Igor
Published: June 2020

Uvod: Za uspešno, samozavestno in učinkovito spoprijemanje s spremenjenimi vlogami in zagotavljanje ustrezne pomoči prizadetim morajo biti tudi medicinske sestre v času izrednih razmer ustrezno usposobljene in pripravljene. Namen raziskave je bil prevesti in prilagoditi merski instrument Lestvica profesionalnih kompetenc medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah (LPKMS-IR) ter oceniti njegove psihometrične lastnosti.Metode: Uporabljen je bil kvantitativni metodološki raziskovalni dizajn. Lestvica je bila testirana na priložnostnem vzorcu 118 medicinskih sester. V trifaznem procesu prilagoditve in validacije se je poleg vsebinske skladnosti preverjalo notranjo konsistentnost, stabilnost in povezanost spremenljivk ter faktorsko strukturo.Rezultati: Faktorska analiza je podala model s tremi faktorji, pri čemer prvi faktor Temeljne kompetence medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah pojasni 36,53 % celotne variance. Rezultati kažejo tudi zelo visoko povezanost med faktorji (p < 0,001) in stopnjo zanesljivosti pri celotni lestvici LPKMS-IR (Cronbach α = 0,937).Diskusija in zaključek: Rezultati potrjujejo, da je slovenska različica lestvice LPKMS-IR veljaven in zanesljiv merski instrument. Ob pomanjkanju ustreznih merskih instrumentov omogoča identifikacijo kompetenc medicinskih sester v izrednih razmerah ter nekatere okoliščine njihovih vlog. Ugotovitve nakazujejo tudi potrebo po nekaterih spremembah izobraževanja za zdravstveno nego in ciljanem raziskovanju tistih skupin v zdravstveni negi, ki se po pričakovanjih pogosteje srečujejo z izrednimi situacijami.
Examining the effect of individual innovation level of students of sports sciences faculty on digital literacy with structural equation model
Authors: Güngör Nuri Berk , Kurtipek Serkan
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of individual innovation level of students of the Faculty of Sport Sciences on digital literacy. The study group of the research; It consists of 205 participants who continue their education in a higher education institution in Ankara that provides undergraduate sports education in the 2019-2020 academic year.  Data collection tools; it is “Individual Innovation Scale” and “Digital Literacy Scale”. In the research, a theoretical model was created and tested. In the analysis of the data; structural equation model, descriptive statistics and Independent Samples T-test were used. When the analysis results are examined; It can be stated that the participants have a questioning innovation identity. However, it can be said that they have an above average digital literacy skill. Considering the gender variable, the level of digital literacy of male participants was found to be significantly higher than that of female participants. In addition, research results show that individual innovativeness explains digital literacy by 37%. Therefore, it can be stated that individual innovation significantly predicts digital literacy.

​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.

 

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin bireysel yenilikçilik düzeyinin dijital okuryazarlığa etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu; 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Ankara’da bulunan ve lisans düzeyinde spor eğitimi veren bir yükseköğretim kurumunda eğitimlerine devam eden 205 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları; “Bireysel Yenilikçilik Ölçeği” ve “Dijital Okuryazarlık Ölçeği” dir. Araştırmada teorik bir model oluşturulmuş ve test edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde; yapısal eşitlik modeli, betimsel istatistikler ve Bağımsız Örneklemler T-testi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde; katılımcıların sorgulayıcı bir yenilikçilik kimliğine sahip olduğu ifade edilebilir. Bununla beraber, ortalamanın üzerinde bir dijital okuryazarlık becerisine de sahip oldukları söylenebilir. Cinsiyet değişkeni ele alındığında, erkek katılımcıların dijital okuryazarlık düzeyinin kadın katılımcılara göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma sonuçları, bireysel yenilikçiliğin dijital okuryazarlığı %37 oranında açıkladığını göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, bireysel yenilikçiliğin dijital okuryazarlığı önemli düzeyde yordadığı belirtilebilir.
Eigenvalue Problems for Fredholm Operators with Set-Valued Perturbations
Authors: Benevieri Pierluigi , Iannizzotto Antonio
Published: June 2020

By means of a suitable degree theory, we prove persistence of eigenvalues and eigenvectors for set-valued perturbations of a Fredholm linear operator. As a consequence, we prove existence of a bifurcation point for a non-linear inclusion problem in abstract Banach spaces. Finally, we provide applications to differential inclusions.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA identification in nasopharyngeal swabs: issues in pre-analytics
Authors: Basso Daniela , Aita Ada , Navaglia Filippo , Franchin Elisa , Fioretto Paola , Moz Stefania , Bozzato Dania , Zambon Carlo-Federico , Martin Barbara , Dal Prà Chiara , Crisanti Andrea , Plebani Mario
Published: June 2020

Objectives

The direct identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs is recommended for diagnosing the novel COVID-19 disease. Pre-analytical determinants, such as sampling procedures, time and temperature storage conditions, might impact on the end result. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of sampling procedures, time and temperature of the primary nasopharyngeal swabs storage on real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) results.

Methods

Each nasopharyngeal swab obtained from 10 hospitalized patients for COVID-19 was subdivided in 15 aliquots: five were kept at room temperature; five were refrigerated (+4 °C); five were immediately mixed with the extraction buffer and refrigerated at +4 °C. Every day and for 5 days, one aliquot per condition was analyzed (rRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 gene E and RNaseP and threshold cycles (Ct) compared. To evaluate manual sampling, 70 nasopharyngeal swabs were sampled twice by two different operators and analyzed separately one from the other.

Results

A total of 6/10 swabs were SARS-CoV-2 positive. No significant time or storage-dependent variations were observed in SARS-CoV-2 Ct. Re-sampling of swabs with SARS-CoV-2 Ct lower than 33 resulted in highly reproducible results (CV=2.9%), while a high variability was observed when Ct values were higher than 33 (CV=10.3%).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that time and temperature of nasopharyngeal swabs storage do not significantly impact on results reproducibility. However, swabs sampling is a critical step, and especially in case of low viral load, might be a potential source of diagnostic errors.
Efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic dye from aqueous solutions over zinc oxide incorporated nanocellulose under visible light irradiation
Authors: Jamal Nahi , Radhakrishnan Asha , Raghavan Raveendran , Bhaskaran Beena
Published: June 2020

Increased growth of textile industries leads to the tremendous accumulation of dyes on water and surrounding environments. This terrific increase of dyes is the major cause of water pollution which in turn adversely affects the aquatic lives and the balance of our ecosystem. Purpose of the present study is to report the synthesis and characterization of a composite namely zinc oxide incorporated nanocellulose (ZnO/NC) for effective degradation of an anionic dye, Congo red. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunaeur, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies have helped to characterize the composite. The optical properties of the samples were studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy. Feasibility of the photocatalyst in the degradation of Congo red was tested. Experimental conditions such as time of contact, concentration of the dye solution, catalyst dosage, pH were altered to find out the optimum conditions of degradation. The optimum pH was found to be 5.5 and dosage of ZnO/NC was optimized as 0.075 g for a dye concentration of 20 ppm. Equilibrium was attained at 120 min. The studies reveal that the photocatalyst ZnO/NC is efficient for the photodegradation of Congo red. Photodegradation was due to electron hole interaction between metal oxides and nanocellulose.
Convolutions in µ-pseudo almost periodic and µ-pseudo almost automorphic function spaces and applications to solve Integral equations
Authors: Béssémè Fritz Mbounja , Békollè David , Ezzinbi Khalil , Fatajou Samir , Danga Duplex Elvis Houpa
Published: June 2020

The aim of this work is to give sufficient conditions ensuring that the space PAP(𝕉, X, µ) of µ-pseudo almost periodic functions and the space PAA(𝕉, X, µ) of µ-pseudo almost automorphic functions are invariant by the convolution product f = k * f, k ∈ L
1(𝕉). These results establish sufficient assumptions on k and the measure µ. As a consequence, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of µ-pseudo almost periodic solutions and µ-pseudo almost automorphic solutions for some abstract integral equations, evolution equations and partial functional differential equations.
Visible to long-wave infrared chip-scale spectrometers based on photodetectors with tailored responsivities and multispectral filters
Authors: Cadusch Jasper J. , Meng Jiajun , Craig Benjamin J. , Shrestha Vivek Raj , Crozier Kenneth B.
Published: June 2020

Chip-scale microspectrometers, operational across the visible to long-wave infrared spectral region will enable many remote sensing spectroscopy applications in a variety of fields including consumer electronics, process control in manufacturing, as well as environmental and agricultural monitoring. The low weight and small device footprint of such spectrometers could allow for integration into handheld, unattended vehicles or wearable-electronics based systems. This review will focus on recent developments in nanophotonic microspectrometer designs, which fall into two design categories: (i) planar filter-arrays used in conjunction with visible or IR detector arrays and (ii) microspectrometers using filter-free detector designs with tailored responsivities, where spectral filtering and photocurrent generation occur within the same nanostructure.
Spillovers across House Price Convergence Clubs: Evidence from the Polish Housing Market
Authors: Tomal Mateusz
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to assess whether significant spillovers exist among house price convergence clubs in the Polish housing market. This paper is a continuation of my previous research on house price convergence in Poland. In order to achieve the defined goal, VAR modelling was used. Based on the results of the VAR model, impulse response functions (IRFs) and the Spillover Index were calculated. The obtained results indicate that spillovers in the Polish housing market are strong. The relationships are observed both inside the primary and secondary markets and between them. In particular, a very powerful influence is exerted from a club of cities from the primary market, consisting of Cracow, Warsaw, Gdańsk, Poznań, Rzeszów and Wrocław, on the remaining identified house price convergence clubs.
Effect of changes in laboratory light intensity on biochemistry and haemogram analysis
Authors: Yilmaz Sedat
Published: June 2020

Background

To investigate the effect of changes in laboratory light intensity on chemistry and whole blood analysis.

Materials and Methods

The light intensity of the laboratory environment was measured and chemical and whole blood analysis was performed on 20 patient blood samples. The light intensity was then increased using projectors and re-measured, and the chemical and whole blood analyses were repeated. The values of the tests pre- and post-light increase were compared by statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test.

Results

Increasing light from 195 to 1,168 lux significantly altered the results of the lipase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and iron chemistry tests, (p<0.001 [11.3%], p=0.003 [2.2%], p=0.001 [2%] and p=<0.001 [1.2%], respectively). There was also a significant difference in platelet count (p=<0.001 [188%]).

Conclusions

We show that the platelet count is sensitive to changes in laboratory light intensity at clinically unacceptable levels. The lipase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and iron tests are also sensitive to changes in laboratory light intensity, but at clinically acceptable levels.
Colonizing Palestine
Authors: Haddad Mahmoud O.
Published: June 2020

This study compiles historical information to highlight the role played by both East and West European countries in the creation of Israel since before World War I. East European countries, especially Russia, Poland, and Romania, were as effective in this regard as the West Europeans. While racial policies were paramount in East Europe, including Germany, religious and strategic policies were as effective in the West, especially in Britain. Two points can be redrawn in this regard: That the question of Palestine was a Western question on both sides of the continent; it had nothing to do with the Eastern question that engulfed the Ottoman Empire before and during World War I. Additionally while World War II did not start the process of creating Israel, it accelerated it since the United States became an active supporter of the Zionist project. The second conclusion explains why all major powers give so much latitude to Israel, regardless of its constant neglect of international law to this very day.
The “Arab Exceptionalism” Re-examined from the Legal Perspective of Human Rights
Authors: Porras-Gómez Antonio-Martín
Published: June 2020

The study re-examines the phenomenon of “Arab exceptionalism” from the perspective of human rights’ recognition. The formal changes introduced since 2004 in the new Arab bills of rights (comprising the Arab Charter on Human Rights plus the bills of rights of the new constitutions of Iraq, Morocco, Tunisia, and Egypt) are presented and analyzed with the purpose of answering the following questions: From a descriptive– analytical perspective, are the new Arab bills of rights adopting similar designs? From a formal perspective, do these new designs imply a shift with respect to previous patterns of Arab exceptionalism? Finally, from an explanatory perspective, is there an evolutionary rationale accounting for the specific designs adopted in the new Arab bills of rights?
Intermittent Breaks of Public Order in the Moroccan Political Context
Authors: Hougua Ben Ahmed
Published: June 2020

For more than twenty years, politics in Morocco has been witnessing a change in the cycles of protests under the influence of the parameters linked to the economic liberalization and evolution of the processes of disenchantment with a conventional political culture. The frequent use of repertories of collective action has not failed to shake the political and social landscape to the point that the demobilization of an area is followed by uprisings in neighboring sites. The response of public authorities varies according to the intensity and objectives of the social uprisings. This research is to study the evolution, over time, of the links between repression, the index of consumer prices of basic foodstuffs, and social uprisings. It covers about twenty years from January 1997 to November 2018. In addition to the descriptive temporal evolution, the work applies autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling to examine whether there are short- and long-term associations between the variables mentioned above.
Contribution of Jordanian Civil Society Institutions to the Enhancement of Ideological Security among University Students
Authors: Alquraan Sultan N. , Abu-Karaki Muddather J. , Al-Majali Saddoon N.
Published: June 2020

The study identifies the contribution of Jordanian civil society institutions to the enhancement of political trends that signify the beginnings of democracy. This leads to constructive and innovative thought by ensuring freedom of opinion and expression, while the absence of democracy generates a state of political and ideological despotism. The loss of basic rights and freedom of individuals negatively affects political stability of countries’ religious and moral trends, as well as developmental trends which represent an enhancement of ideological security. Ideological security is a key issue in any society due to its association with the concept of national security. The researchers in this study adopt a quantitative approach in which a questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The study sample consisted of 1093 male and female students who were chosen by multistage sampling. The study instrument consisted of two parts: first, the demographic variables; and second, the 24 items that measured the process of enhancing ideological security with its three dimensions. The responses to the items were measured according to the Likert fivepoint scale. The study had several results. First, there is a low level of contribution from Jordanian civil society institutions to the enhancement of ideological security on the whole, and enhancing each trend in particular. The first part addresses the formation of ideological conceptualization, while the second part focuses on analyzing the dimensions of societal processing with the contribution of religious, educational, familial, security, and media institutions, whereas the third part emphasizes several future recommendations that are suggested by the researcher. Second, there are no differences in the level of the contribution of Jordanian civil society institutions to the enhancement of political, religious and, moral trends, while there is a difference regarding the level of contribution of Jordanian civil society institutions to the enhancement of developmental trends according to the variable of gender in favor of females. Third, there are differences in the level of contribution of the Jordanian civil society institutions to the enhancement of ideological security for each of the three domains: political, developmental, and religious, in particular, as well as all the domains as a whole in terms of the variable of membership of civil society institutions and these differences were in favor of the students who were not members of these institutions.
A Critical Cross-cultural Study of Sensorimotor and Groove Responses to Syncopation Among Ghanaian and American University Students and Staff
Authors: Witek Maria A. G. , Liu Jingyi , Kuubertzie John , Yankyera Appiah Poku , Adzei Senyo , Vuust Peter
Published: June 2020

The pleasurable desire to move to a beat is known as groove and is partly explained by rhythmic syncopation. While many contemporary groove-directed genres originated in the African diaspora, groove music psychology has almost exclusively studied European or North American listeners. While cross-cultural approaches can help us understand how different populations respond to music, comparing African and Western musical behaviors has historically tended to rely on stereotypes. Here we report on two studies in which sensorimotor and groove responses to syncopation were measured in university students and staff from Cape Coast, Ghana and Williamstown, MA, United States. In our experimental designs and interpretations, we show sensitivity towards the ethical implications of doing cross-cultural research in an African context. The Ghanaian group showed greater synchronization precision than Americans during monophonic syncopated patterns, but this was not reflected in synchronization accuracy. There was no significant group difference in the pleasurable desire to move. Our results have implications for how we understand the relationship between exposure and synchronization, and how we define syncopation in cultural and musical contexts. We hope our critical approach to cross-cultural comparison contributes to developing music psychology into a more inclusive and culturally grounded field.
Musicianship Enhances Perception But Not Feeling of Emotion From Others’ Social Interaction Through Speech Prosody
Authors: Farmer Eliot , Jicol Crescent , Petrini Karin
Published: June 2020

Music expertise has been shown to enhance emotion recognition from speech prosody. Yet, it is currently unclear whether music training enhances the recognition of emotions through other communicative modalities such as vision and whether it enhances the feeling of such emotions. Musicians and nonmusicians were presented with visual, auditory, and audiovisual clips consisting of the biological motion and speech prosody of two agents interacting. Participants judged as quickly as possible whether the expressed emotion was happiness or anger, and subsequently indicated whether they also felt the emotion they had perceived. Measures of accuracy and reaction time were collected from the emotion recognition judgements, while yes/no responses were collected as indication of felt emotions. Musicians were more accurate than nonmusicians at recognizing emotion in the auditory-only condition, but not in the visual-only or audiovisual conditions. Although music training enhanced recognition of emotion through sound, it did not affect the felt emotion. These findings indicate that emotional processing in music and language may use overlapping but also divergent resources, or that some aspects of emotional processing are less responsive to music training than others. Hence music training may be an effective rehabilitative device for interpreting others’ emotion through speech.
Patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis are not at higher risk for developing clinically overt thyroid cancer: a 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Rotondi Mario , Groppelli Gloria , Croce Laura , Latrofa Francesco , Ancona Giuseppe , Coperchini Francesca , Pasquali Daniela , Cappelli Carlo , Fugazza Alessandro , Guazzoni Valeria , Radetti Giorgio , Chiovato Luca
Published: June 2020

Objective:

The association between chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) remains controversial. The incidence of DTC increases when screening procedures are implemented, as typically occurs in CAT patients being routinely submitted to thyroid ultrasound (US). The aim of this study was to longitudinally evaluate the long-term development of DTC in patients with CAT.

Design and methods:

A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was designed. For the study, 510 patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) with a 10-year follow-up were enrolled. Patients were divided in two groups according to the presence (CAT+ NOD+; n = 115) or absence (CAT+ NOD−; n = 395) of co-existent nodules at diagnosis. The main outcome measures were appearance of new thyroid-nodules and development of DTC during follow-up.

Results:

During a 10-year median follow-up period, new thyroid-nodules were detected in 34/115 (29.5%) patients in the CAT+ NOD+ group and in 41/395 (10.3%) in the CAT+ NOD− group (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that thyroid-volume at diagnosis and belonging to the CAT+ NOD+ group significantly predicted the appearance of a new thyroid nodule during follow-up, independently of baseline age and sex. Among the 75 patients experiencing the appearance of a new nodule, 27 (39%) met the criteria for fine-needle-aspiration-cytology (FNAC). A benign cytological diagnosis was rendered in all cases.

Conclusions:

In our series of CAT patients, the appearance of new thyroid-nodules was frequent, but none of them were found to be malignant. The presence of CAT appears to be associated with a negligible risk of developing clinically overt DTC.
The ovarian stroma as a new frontier
Authors: Kinnear Hadrian M , Tomaszewski Claire E , Chang Alexis L , Moravek Molly B , Xu Min , Padmanabhan Vasantha , Shikanov Ariella
Published: June 2020

Historically, research in ovarian biology has focused on folliculogenesis, but recently the ovarian stroma has become an exciting new frontier for research, holding critical keys to understanding complex ovarian dynamics. Ovarian follicles, which are the functional units of the ovary, comprise the ovarian parenchyma, while the ovarian stroma thus refers to the inverse or the components of the ovary that are not ovarian follicles. The ovarian stroma includes more general components such as immune cells, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, as well as ovary-specific components including ovarian surface epithelium, tunica albuginea, intraovarian rete ovarii, hilar cells, stem cells, and a majority of incompletely characterized stromal cells including the fibroblast-like, spindle-shaped, and interstitial cells. The stroma also includes ovarian extracellular matrix components. This review combines foundational and emerging scholarship regarding the structures and roles of the different components of the ovarian stroma in normal physiology. This is followed by a discussion of key areas for further research regarding the ovarian stroma, including elucidating theca cell origins, understanding stromal cell hormone production and responsiveness, investigating pathological conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), developing artificial ovary technology, and using technological advances to further delineate the multiple stromal cell types.
Identification of Loci That Confer Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Diseases of Maize
Authors: Qiu Yuting , Cooper Julian , Kaiser Christopher , Wisser Randall , Mideros Santiago X , Jamann Tiffany M
Published: June 2020

Crops are hosts to numerous plant pathogenic microorganisms. Maize has several major disease issues; thus, breeding multiple disease resistant (MDR) varieties is critical. While the genetic basis of resistance to multiple fungal pathogens has been studied in maize, less is known about the relationship between fungal and bacterial resistance. In this study, we evaluated a disease resistance introgression line (DRIL) population for the foliar disease Goss’s bacterial wilt and blight (GW) and conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. We identified a total of ten QTL across multiple environments. We then combined our GW data with data on four additional foliar diseases (northern corn leaf blight, southern corn leaf blight, gray leaf spot, and bacterial leaf streak) and conducted multivariate analysis to identify regions conferring resistance to multiple diseases. We identified 20 chromosomal bins with putative multiple disease effects. We examined the five chromosomal regions (bins 1.05, 3.04, 4.06, 8.03, and 9.02) with the strongest statistical support. By examining how each haplotype effected each disease, we identified several regions associated with increased resistance to multiple diseases and three regions associated with opposite effects for bacterial and fungal diseases. In summary, we identified several promising candidate regions for multiple disease resistance in maize and specific DRILs to expedite interrogation.
Cómo lograr que los niños argumenten
Authors: Ortega de Hocevar Susana
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de este capítulo es compartir dos experiencias de enseñanza de la argumentación en niños que cursan la escolaridad  básica o primaria en colegios de Mendoza, Argentina, producto de tres investigaciones realizadas en la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo.  El interrogante: ¿pueden los niños argumentar? guió nuestras indagaciones. Dado que el libro en el que se inserta este capítulo está destinado a la enseñanza de la argumentación, mostraremos, en primer lugar, una breve síntesis de investigaciones latinoamericanas, seguida de una escueta referencia al marco conceptual  para centrarnos en el propósito mencionado: cómo enseñar a producir textos argumentativos. Para ello se presentará la secuencia didáctica elaborada para su implementación en los cursos experimentales. Finalmente, presentaremos las conclusiones que nos permiten sostener que la competencia de los niños para argumentar se desarrolla desde etapas tempranas y que se puede acrecentar con la aplicación de secuencias didácticas diseñadas especialmente para este logro.
РОЗВИТОК ЛОГІСТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ УКРАЇНИ: ЕКОЛОГІЧНІ ВИКЛИКИ
Authors: МАЗАРАКІ Анатолій , ХАРСУН Людмила
Published: June 2020

Трансформаційні процеси в сучасних ланцюгах постачання, що зазнають істотного впливу глобальних екологічних проблем, зорієнтовано на підвищення рівня ефективності їх функціонування та забезпечення конкурентоспроможності товарів, які проходять через ці ланцюги на шляху до кінцевого споживача. З одного боку, параметри всіх ланок логістичних ланцюгів повинні відповідати міжнародним екологічним вимогам, а з іншого – дотримання принципів екологічності слугує необхідною умовою задоволення потреб сучасних споживачів з високим рівнем екологічної свідомості.Логістичні операції є джерелом негативних впливів на навколишнє природне середовище. Насамперед це стосується викидів парникових газів у процесі транспортування, відходів виробництва та пакувальних матеріалів, шумового й пилового забруднення, змін ландшафту та використання природних ресурсів. Відтак, екологічні виклики зумовлюють кооперацію всіх учасників ланцюгів постачання, спрямовану на створення і впровадження ефективних екологічних стратегій та концепцій логістичної діяльності.Потребу в екологізації транспортно-логістичної системи України продиктовано необхідністю досягнення високого рівня її конкурентоспроможності як елемента глобальної мережі ланцюгів постачання. І хоча за рядом показників вітчизняна логістична система характеризується низьким рівнем екологічності, втішає позитивна тенденція до усвідомлення необхідності екологічної спрямованості її розвитку як у державних органах влади, так і серед самих логістичних операторів.
ІМПЕРАТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ МАЛОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: ЛУКАШОВА Людмила
Published: June 2020

Суб’єкти малого підприємництва становлять значний прошарок (99,2% усіх господарюючих суб’єктів в Україні) національних суб’єктів господарювання. Стимулювання розвитку малого підприємництва сприяє не тільки підвищенню ефективності функціонування національної економіки, але й вирішенню ряду нагальних соціальних проблем, у першу чергу, проблеми безробіття за рахунок створення нових робочих місць та запобігання трудовій міграції.Переважну більшість теоретичних і прикладних досліджень розвитку малого підприємництва зосереджено на обліку та аналізу фінансових результатів, податковому регулюванні та фінансовому механізмі його розвитку. Поза увагою сучасної наукової думки залишається питання обгрунтування імперативів розвитку національних суб’єктів малого підприємництва.Мета статті полягає у визначенні імперативів розвитку малого підприємництва в Україні для підвищення ефективності національної економіки, забезпечення потреб суспільства та зростання добробуту населення.Методологічною основою статті є синтез результатів фундаментальних і прикладних досліджень вітчизняних і зарубіжних вчених. Для отримання конкретних наукових результатів були застосовані такі методи: діалектичний, аналогії, графічний, економіко-статистичного та математичного аналізу.Проведено структурно-динамічний аналіз національних суб’єктів малого підприємництва, здійснено оцінювання впливу інновацій на діяльність і розвиток суб’єктів малого підприємництва. Інноваційні переваги в контексті позитивних якісних змін розглядаються як дійовий засіб підвищення конкурентоспроможності суб’єктів малого підприємництва. Визначено соціальні пріоритети розвитку малого підприємництва, діагностовано основні проблеми національного соціального підприємництва. Окрему увагу приділено варіативності форм соціального ефекту від реалізації соціального малого підприємництва. Досліджено соціально-економічні наслідки процесу інтеграції суб’єктів малого підприємництва в європейський і світовий простір.Уперше сформульовано імперативи розвитку малого підприємництва в Україні, а саме: визначення його інноваційних домінант, у тому числі обгрунтування пріоритетної інноваційно орієнтованої структури національних суб’єктів малого підприємництва за видами економічної діяльності та окремими регіонами і вирішення проблеми фінансово-кредитної та інформаційно-консультаційної підтримки інноваційно орієнтованих суб’єктів малого підприємництва; формування соціальних пріоритетів і пошук альтернативних джерел фінансування господарської діяльності національних суб’єктів малого підприємництва, зокрема, за рахунок їх інтеграції в європейський і світовий простір, участі в програмах підтримки малого та середнього підприємництва, ініційованих ЄС, приєднання до Європейської мережі підприємств і залучення грантових фандрейзингових коштів.