bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispersal of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) from a coastal embayment following a recreational fisheries enhancement stocking program: attempts to integrate aquaculture and habitat-based initiatives
Authors: Becker Alistair , Lowry Michael B , Fielder D Stewart , Taylor Matthew D
Published: August 2021

Fisheries enhancement initiatives including marine stocking and artificial reef deployments are becoming increasingly common in many parts of the world. Combining the two by releasing hatchery reared fish onto artificial reefs is used in sea-ranching operations but is an approach rarely
adopted for recreational fisheries. Yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) form a valuable recreational fishery in Australia and in 2018 a pilot stocking program was initiated to enhance this fishery. Fish were released onto estuarine artificial reefs in Botany Bay to evaluate if estuarine
artificial reefs are suitable release habitat for juvenile yellowtail kingfish and to monitor their dispersal patterns using acoustic telemetry and a tag-recapture program. Both approaches showed similar patterns, indicating juvenile yellowtail kingfish rapidly dispersed from the release location
and can travel at least 60 km during their first weeks in the wild. Twenty percent of the acoustically tagged fish entered nearby estuaries to the north and south and dart tagged fish were also recaptured in these estuaries, indicating that the estuaries provide habitat for juveniles. There
was little interaction between stocked fish and two large coastal artificial reefs positioned near Botany Bay. Stocked yellowtail kingfish will likely disperse rapidly from release locations which is consistent with their pelagic life history. While this may present challenges to fisheries
managers, increasing release numbers to maintain stocking densities over a broader area may provide a solution. Future releases of fish on coastal natural and artificial reefs are an important next step in refining stocking practices for this species and will help further identify key juvenile
habitats.
Uma reflexão sobre a teoria da ação comunicativa de Habermas e a teoria dos gêneros textuais de Marcuschi nos espaços educativos
Authors: Baranoski Pereira Francine
Published: August 2021

Este artigo apresenta considerações sobre a importância da linguagem como expressão do pensamento nos mundos subjetivo e social. O objetivo deste estudo é propor reflexões sobre a Teoria da Ação Comunicativa de Habermas (1997), a linguagem nos espaços educativos por meio dos gêneros textuais propostos pelos Diretrizes Curriculares do Estado do Paraná (2008) com base na Teoria dos gêneros textuais de Marcuschi (2008). Esta discussão tem caráter multidisciplinar e atinge principalmente a área da Educação, no intento de provocar reflexões em professores e estudiosos que se interessem pela linguagem e seu produto, o texto. A abordagem metodológica, do ponto de vista dos procedimentos técnicos, caracteriza-se como argumentativa de caráter bibliográfico. As teorias aqui apresentadas, complementam-se e tornam-se leituras indispensáveis para o pensar contemporâneo da educação, bem como para o ensino dos gêneros textuais.
Cartografia da vulnerabilidade
Authors: Ferreira Rafael Leopoldo Antonio dos Santos
Published: August 2021

No presente paper, produzimos uma relação entre a subjetividade moderna com a pandemia do SARS-CoV2, e a origem de uma cartografia da vulnerabilidade trans*. No intuito de caracterizar a subjetividade moderna, pensamos, principalmente, em René Descartes e na ideia de uma epistemologia objetivante. Na atualidade, esta epistemologia toma forma com o conceito de antropoceno, que corresponde a um novo regime climático e, por sua vez, é a denominação provável de nossa mais recente catástrofe climática. Diante de tal mudança climática, diretamente responsável por gerar tragédias globais, como a atual pandemia, é igualmente crível pensar o nosso grande confinamento e a vulnerabilidade trans* como possibilidade de uma forma de subjetividade solidária.
Pessoas em situação de rua e o fator pandemia
Authors: Santos Antonio Matheus Sardinha , Guimarães Sandra Suely Moreira Lurine
Published: August 2021

Este artigo discute, de forma interdisciplinar, como é possível, em um Estado Democrático de Direitos, existir formas de vida expostas às mais diversas possibilidades de violações de direitos e garantias fundamentais, como as das pessoas em situação de rua no Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como se deu o início do problema das pessoas em situação de rua no país e como o Estado brasileiro enxerga a questão, e a partir disso refletir como o contexto da pandemia fornece o cenário ideal para a implementação de medidas políticas que não visam a verdadeira proteção desta classe de pessoas, mas sim a aceleração do processo de sucumbência desses seres. Assim,, se tratará a hipótese de que as pessoas em situação de rua, do ponto de vista do Estado, por não habitarem o contexto político, econômico e social de forma efetiva não são tratados como seres sujeitos de direitos na ordem pública, o que legitima tomada de decisões que são, em parte, danosas a esta classe e cobertas por um véu falacioso de cuidado com este contingente populacional. Para sustentar e desenvolver este artigo foi utilizada uma metodologia de análise da situação no decurso do tempo aliada a pesquisas bibliográficas.
The Use of Metaphyseal Cones and Sleeves in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Siddiqi Ahmed , Chen Antonia F. , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Kelly Michael A.
Published: August 2021

The burden of revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) is expected to increase with the rise in the number of TKA procedures being performed yearly. Management of bone loss during rTKA is challenging and necessitates appropriate surgical planning. Metaphyseal cones and sleeves have emerged as an increasing popular option for addressing metaphyseal femoral and tibial bone loss when performing rTKA. Understanding what cones and sleeves are commercially available and when to use them are critical parts of preoperative evaluation and planning. The purpose of this comprehensive review was to present different design philosophies, types of manufacturing, clinical outcomes, and the versatility and interchangeability of varying cones and sleeves with different TKA revision systems.
Exploring High School Students’ Cognitive Structures for Energy Concept Through Word Association Test
Authors: Türksever Ömer
Published: August 2021

This research, which was conducted in order to reveal the cognitive structures of high school students regarding the concept of energy through the word association test, was designed in a survey model. Word association test was used as a data collection tool. After the necessary information was given to the students, they were given three minutes and they were asked to write the first words that came to mind about the key concept. The study group of the research consists of 202 students studying in a high school in the province of Malatya in the 2019-2020 academic year. 58 of these students are 9th grade, 46 are 10th grade, 45 are 11th grade and 53 are 12th grade. While choosing the study group of the research, one of the purposeful sampling types was chosen based on easily accessible situation sampling. The words obtained related to the concept of energy are tabulated using Microsoft office excel program. The cut-off points of the tables, which were examined in detail and repeated words were taken into account, were determined. Concept networks were created in line with the determined cut-off points. In the research, 189 different words were produced for the concept of energy by high school students. While 114 of these words were not included in the analysis because they had 4 or less frequencies, 75 words were included in the analysis. Among the words included in the analysis, the most repeated word in the 9th grade was “petrol” (f = 30), the most repeated word in the 10th grade was “fossil fuel” (24), the most repeated word in the 11th grade “electricity” (19), the most repeated word in the 12th grade was found to be “potential” (28). In the comparison between the classes, a difference in quantity and quality is observed. It has been observed that as the grade level increases, the quality of the answers given increases.
Applying Differential Forms and the Generalized Sundman Transformations in Linearizing the Equation of Motion of a Free Particle in a Space of Constant Curvature
Authors: Orverem Joel M. , Haruna Y. , Abdulhamid Bala M. , Adamu Magaji Y.
Published: August 2021

Equation of motion of a free particle in a space of constant curvature applies to many fields, such as the fixed reduction of the second member of the Burgers classes, the study of fusion of pellets, equations of Yang-Baxter, the concept of univalent functions as well as spheres of gaseous stability to mention but a few. In this study, the authors want to examine the linearization of the said equation using both point and non-point transformation methods. As captured in the title, the methods under examination here are the differential forms (DF) and the generalized Sundman transformations (GST), which are point and non-point transformation methods respectively. The comparative analysis of the solutions obtained via the two linearizability methods is also taken into account.
Os centros de interesse lidos em manuais do ensino primário: há saberes aritméticos?
Authors: Fernandes Juliana Chiarini
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste texto é analisar a presença dos saberes aritméticos no manual didático “Os Centros de Interesse na Escola” (1931), escrito por Abner de Moura, a partir das apropriações do ideário de Ovide Decroly. Este trabalho foi norteado pelos estudos desenvolvidos pela Equipe de Pesquisa em História das Ciências da Educação (ERHISE) e estudos de Roger Chartier (1991). O manual, intitulado "Os Centros de Interesse na Escola", apresenta a proposta de Decroly e parte da observação para elaborar um programa síntese: conhecimento pela criança de suas necessidades e conhecimento do ser humano - família, escola e ambiente social, animal e vegetal. Nesta análise, o ensino de matemática não deveria ser limitado ao horário, abrangendo todo aspecto quantitativo que surgiria a partir das demais matérias. O conceito de unidade se estabeleceria na união da observação, associação e expressão, responsável por coordenar o programa de atividades, destinado a uma ideia central.
Zwischen Erinnerung und Verständigung: Der Racing Club de Strasbourg und die Wiederaufnahme der deutsch-französischen Fußballbeziehungen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg
Authors: Didion Philipp
Published: August 2021

This article aims to analyse the role of the Alsatian football club Racing Club de Strasbourg throughout the re-establishment process of the French-German football relations after the Second World War. Because of its geographical location between France and Germany and due to the double annexation of the Alsace by the German Reich the club held a special position in the French football landscape. To examine the difficulties and conflicts that came along with the attempt to restore international sport relations between West Germany and France, the paper focuses on three aspects: German prisoners of war in France, efforts to organise football games between French and German top-level-clubs, and the re-establishment of international matches between the two countries. As a result, Racing’s attitude can be situated in a field of tension between hurtful wartime experiences on the one hand and sporting as well as financial benefits on the other hand. While the former was an argument held against an over-hasty spirit of understanding between the French and the German teams especially by the Alsatian Football Association, the latter were a reason for Racing to intensify its pragmatical efforts to re-establish sport relations with West German clubs. This ambivalence is further exemplified by the dualism between Aimé Gissy, secretary general of the Alsatian Football Association (1935-1939, 1945-1974), and Willy Scheuer, president of Racing Club de Strasbourg (1952-1960).
Impact of Selected Feed Additives in Broiler Nutrition on Breeding and the Meat Quality Features
Authors: Makała Halina
Published: August 2021

The aim of the study was to overview the results of scientific research on the impact of feed additives used in broiler nutrition on breeding and meat quality. Selected additives used in feeding broilers with immunomodulatory properties, prebiotics and probiotics, herbs and herbal extracts and protein additives were characterised. The application of insects in poultry feeding as a good source of proteins and fat as a substitute of expensive feed rich in proteins was presented. Further research is needed on their nutritional value, levels of incorporation into diets and the performance of this feed ingredient. However, there are many challenges that need to be overcome by adoptingsuitable strategies to produce antibiotic-free broiler meat with regards to food safety and chickenwelfare issues. The additives available on the market should be used in accordance with the manufacturers’ recommendations and the grace period should be observed in order to obtain the expected production results and a high-quality product.
Vitamin K Deficiency and Vascular Calcification. Is There Any Evidence about Its Impact on Coronary Artery Disease?
Authors: Michailidis Theodoros , Karakanas Asterios , Schizas Nikolaos , Keryttopoulos Petros
Published: August 2021

Nowadays cardiovascular disease remain globally the leading cause of mortality. Coronary artery disease is the predominant clinical entity related to fatal cardiovascular events, while its development is mostly associated with progressive atherosclerosis of the vessels combined with gradual vascular calcification. It is well described and understood that vascular calcification is strongly associated with the occurrence of CVD and increased mortality rates. Therefore, it is essential to understand the metabolic pathways leading to its formation in order to develop effective therapies. A group of vitamin-k dependent proteins seems to play a significant role on the prevention of the arterial wall. Several past studies have shown that in cases of vitamin-k deficiency the process of vessel calcification is accelerated. Vitamin-k depletion and high levels of uncarboxylated and dephosphorylated forms of the aforementioned proteins are considered as important factors that contribute significantly to this rapid progression. Promising studies are giving the stimulus for further research in the field of vitamin-k supplementation and the suspension of vascular calcification.
Evolution of the Soil-Based Agriculture and Food System to Biologically-Based Indoor Systems
Authors: R. Scott Norman
Published: August 2021

There is no area of human activity more basic to society than a sustainable agricultural, food and natural resource system. The ‘major’ question is, how will food be produced sustainably for the expected global population growth to 9.5–10 billion people by 2050? The agriculture and food system is a highly complex adaptive system, operating across the spectrum of economics, biophysics and sociopolitics. There is a need to move beyond contentious debates between many constituencies, rooted in ideological solutions, to acceptance of a broad array of different approaches. This chapter focuses on the evolution from long and traditionally soil-based systems to biologically-based indoor systems, largely independent of soil with unique characteristics. Science and technology advancements have been critical to achievements of the existing land/soil-based systems and are equally critical in development of the emerging biologically-based indoor systems of controlled environment agriculture (greenhouses and vertical farms) and plant-based food alternatives, cell-cultured foods and 3D printed foods. Thus, there is no system more in need of and more likely to benefit from a comprehensive application of convergence thinking across disciplines and stakeholders.
Particle and Cell Separation
Authors: Paul Robinson J.
Published: August 2021

Many processors are available for separating particles and/or cells, but few can match the capacity of flow cytometry – in particular the sorting component. Several aspects unique to cell sorting give it such power. First, particles can be separated based on size, complexity, fluorescence, or any combination of these parameters. Second, it is entirely possible to separate particles under sterile conditions, making this technology very advantageous for selecting cells for culture. Third, when this sterile environment is combined with a highly controlled safety system, it is possible to safely sort and separate highly pathogenic organisms or even cells containing such pathogens. The very latest instruments available add even more power by introducing the ability to sort cells based on spectral unmixing. This last option requires incredible computer power and very-high-speed processing, since the sort decision is based on computational algorithms derived from the spectral mixture being analyzed.
Embryo Transfer
Authors: Gregore Ciornei Ștefan
Published: August 2021

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have made tremendous advances, in last years. Artificial insemination is a method for achieving slow genetic progress in populations of animals. Many large and small ruminants are bred by AI, and more than a half million embryos are transferred every year around the world. Most of the ruminants sires used for artificial insemination were derived from embryo transfer. Improvements of reproductive biotechnologies of controlling the estrous cycle and ovulation have resulted in more effective programs for AI, superovulation of donor, and the management of ET. In the ruminants, ET procedure is a timely alternative that can allow good conception rates to be obtained constant in a year. There have been great advances of this biotechnique with on aimed to intensify the genetic progress between generations of farm. The gains is possible with the development of advanced reproductive biotechnique. The best current strategy in applying biotechnology to farmers is to use AI with sexed semen, so farmers will enjoy and benefit. The use of ET together with cryopreserved sexed embryos has a very specific potential for donor replacement and genetic improvement of the herd. In this chapter, procedures of the MOET protocol were described step by step.
Agricultura e produção do espaço urbano: reflexões para uma agenda de pesquisa
Authors: Folhes Ricardo Theophilo , Silva Harley , Ventura Neto Raul , Da Silva Kevin Gabriel Leite , Da Rosa Ciria Cristiane , Costa Aelton Dias
Published: August 2021

O artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar os resultados iniciais de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre Agricultura Urbana (AU), os quais podem vir a apoiar a elaboração de uma agenda de pesquisa nas regiões metropolitanas do Estado do Pará, Amazônia brasileira. Partimos de uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura nacional e internacional sobre o tema, na qual analisamos conceitos, abordagens e desafios. Concluímos ressaltando a necessidade de a AU ser problematizada no âmbito dos fenômenos de produção do espaço urbano-regional, causadores de desigualdades socioeconômicas e espaciais que representam as maiores dificuldades estruturais à agricultura urbana.
Origens do Estado do Grão-Pará e Maranhão e a política pombalina: discursos e relações de poder
Authors: Damasceno Alberto , Miranda Joaquina Ianca
Published: August 2021

Trata das origens do Grão-Pará e Maranhão, com ênfase no período pombalino. Busca compreender como se deu a organização territorial, econômica e política para a origem deste Estado, e qual a relação com os ideais pombalinos. Analisa, para o traçar dos fatos históricos, as “Instruções regias, públicas e secretas...” e o “Directorio...” dirigidas ao governador Mendonça Furtado, além do “Discurso economiástico”, de autoria de José Gonçalves de Fonseca, caracterizando esta pesquisa como documental. Perpassa pela relação entre os religiosos e o governo do Estado, e discute sobre os embates que permearam o governo de Mendonça Furtado. Conclui que a origem desse Estado se assenta sobre ações governamentais de três eixos, intensificada com o advento do governo mencionado: povoamento; estímulo à agricultura e ao comércio; e controle direto do Estado que se derivou de uma conturbada relação entre os governantes, religiosos, intermediários, índios e indivíduos de mocambos.
Functions of syntactic structures in the context of jakobson’s model of communication
Authors: Patroeva Natalia V.
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the role of the syntactic level of the organisation of a poetic text in the formation of a model of literary communication. The research aims to identify the role of syntactic structures in the construction of lyric discourse and to explore the poetic function of grammar units in the text. The author employs the principles and techniques of linguopoetic analysis and the methodology of constructing a communicative act, which was developed in the works of Vinogradov, Shcherba, Jakobson and Lotman and others. Special attention is paid to the functional potential of syntactic forms in relation to lyrics. The concept of artistic communication has been clarified. In this study, it is understood as an interaction between the writer and the reader in the process of interpreting a poetic work. The poetic function of syn­tactic means is analysed on the example of Yevgeny Boratynsky’s poem "Autumn", which plays a special role in his creative heritage. Along with the poetic function, the emotive, phat­ic, conative, referential and metacommunicative functions of syntactic constructions are re­vealed. The author demonstrates the breadth of the functional spectrum of syntactic units in poetic discourse. The semantics of sentences is an integral part of the semantic structure of a poetic text. Poetic syntax, closely related to the melody, metrics and composition of the poetic text, plays a key role in creating rhythm. In Yevgeny Boratynsky's poem, the ‘twilight’ syn­tax with its particular complexity of organisation contributes to the archaization of the style of the philosophical elegy and brings it closer to the traditions of preaching, psalm, and spir­itual ode.
The peculiarities of archival heuristics in seeking information on the history of Soviet industry of Sevastopol in the central archives (on the example of the source complex on the history of Sevastopol branch of the Central Research Institute “Compass” in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg)
Authors: Kuz'mina Anna Vasil'evna , Lyalin Roman Sergeevich
Published: August 2021

The subject of this research is the information potential of the source complex of archival documents dedicated to the history of Sevastopol Central Research Institute “Compass” in the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg. Since Sevastopol was not only an industrial, but also a scientific and technological center, the engineering departments lead unique developments, which were later implemented in various sectors nationwide. Both, enterprises and engineering departments were integrated into a unified all-Union system, which justifies using not only the city archive, but also central archives to find sources on the history of industrial development of Sevastopol during the Soviet period. This article is dedicated to determination and detailed analysis of the documents related to the history of Sevastopol Central Research Institute “Compass”. The authors dwell on the types of the preserved departmental documents, provide explicit examples, and analyze the peculiarities of documentation. The work is based on the range previously unpublished archival documents. The conclusion is made that materials from the fund of the Central Research Institute “Compass” of the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg demonstrates the place and role of Sevastopol branch within the system of this organization, unlike the local documents stored the city archive of Sevastopol, which are focused on the local tasks and problems, and do not fully reflect the structural issues of the entire Scientific Production Association. Analyzing the extracted archival information on the Scientific Production Association “Compass”, the authors conclude that both the association itself and the Ministry of Shipbuilding Industry of the Soviet Union were focused on strengthening integration and interrelation of enterprises both within the Central Research Institute “Compass “ and industry as a whole, which manifested in establishment of the Council of the Scientific Production Association “Compass”; its documents are also stored in the fund.
Crosstalk between nitric oxide and retinoic acid pathways is essential for amphioxus pharynx development
Authors: Caccavale Filomena , Annona Giovanni , Subirana Lucie , Escriva Hector , Bertrand Stephanie , D'Aniello Salvatore
Published: August 2021

During animal ontogenesis, body axis patterning is finely regulated by complex interactions among several signaling pathways. Nitric oxide (NO) and retinoic acid (RA) are potent morphogens that play a pivotal role in vertebrate development. Their involvement in axial patterning of the head and pharynx shows conserved features in the chordate phylum. Indeed, in the cephalochordate amphioxus, NO and RA are crucial for the correct development of pharyngeal structures. Here, we demonstrate the functional cooperation between NO and RA that occurs during amphioxus embryogenesis. During neurulation, NO modulates RA production through the transcriptional regulation of Aldh1a.2 that irreversibly converts retinaldehyde into RA. On the other hand, RA directly or indirectly regulates the transcription of Nos genes. This reciprocal regulation of NO and RA pathways is essential for the normal pharyngeal development in amphioxus and it could be conserved in vertebrates.
The roles of history, chance, and natural selection in the evolution of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Santos-Lopez Alfonso , Marshall Christopher W , Haas Allison L , Turner Caroline , Rasero Javier , Cooper Vaughn S
Published: August 2021

History, chance, and selection are the fundamental factors that drive and constrain evolution. We designed evolution experiments to disentangle and quantify effects of these forces on the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Previously, we showed that selection of the pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii in both structured and unstructured environments containing the antibiotic ciprofloxacin produced distinct genotypes and phenotypes, with lower resistance in biofilms as well as collateral sensitivity to β-lactam drugs (Santos-Lopez et al., 2019). Here we study how this prior history influences subsequent evolution in new β-lactam antibiotics. Selection was imposed by increasing concentrations of ceftazidime and imipenem and chance differences arose as random mutations among replicate populations. The effects of history were reduced by increasingly strong selection in new drugs, but not erased, at times revealing important contingencies. A history of selection in structured environments constrained resistance to new drugs and led to frequent loss of resistance to the initial drug by genetic reversions and not compensatory mutations. This research demonstrates that despite strong selective pressures of antibiotics leading to genetic parallelism, history can etch potential vulnerabilities to orthogonal drugs.
Effect of Combination Therapy of Oral Famotidine with Mosapride on Intragastric pH and Gastric Emptying in Rats
Authors: Choi Hyun Seok , Kim Eui Joong , Kim Min Seob , Myung Ji Yeon , Yu Myeong Hwan , Kim Yong Sung , Lee Moon Young
Published: August 2021

Background/Aims: Studies in healthy humans have reported that the addition of mosapride to acid suppressants resulted in higher intragastric pH than acid suppressant administration alone. We investigated the effect of the addition of mosapride to famotidine on the intragastric pH and gastric emptying rate (GER) in rats.Materials and Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were used in this study. Experimental groups were divided into control, famotidine-only, mosapride-only, and famotidine with mosapride (combination). The first experiment was performed in non-stressed rats. Mosapride was administered by oral gavage 1 hour before the meal, and famotidine was administered just before the meal. The rats were provided with food for 30 minutes. The intragastric pH was measured under isoflurane anesthesia, and the GER was measured after harvesting the stomach. In the stress experiment, rats were exposed to 1-hour restraint stress immediately after mosapride administration and subjected to the same process as in the experiment with the non-stressed rats.Results: The famotidine-only and combination groups showed significantly higher gastric pH levels than the control group in non-stressed (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively) and stressed (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) rats. The combination group also showed significantly higher intragastric pH levels than the famotidine-only group in non-stressed (P<0.01) and stressed (P<0.05) rats. Additionally, combination groups showed a significantly higher GER than the famotidine-only group in non-stressed (P<0.001) and stressed (P<0.01) rats.Conclusions: The combination of mosapride with famotidine significantly increased intragastric pH compared to famotidine alone in the non-stressed and stressed rats.
Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapy-associated Diarrhea
Authors: Jo Hoon Gil , Kim Yong Sung
Published: August 2021

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori has contributed to the treatment of peptic ulcers and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Moreover, it has possibly decreased the prevalence of gastric cancer. However, eradication therapy is associated with various adverse effects, of which diarrhea is the most common. The incidence of diarrhea after eradication treatment varies from 8% to 48%. In particular, the incidence is higher in patients who receive first-line standard triple therapy compared with those who receive second-line therapy. Both antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors, components of eradication therapy, have short-term and long-term impacts on gut microbiota. The alterations of gut microbiota may not recover until 1 year after eradication therapy. Most cases of diarrhea that occur after eradication therapy are antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by the destruction of the normal gut microbiota. In some cases, Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea occurs after eradication therapy. If bloody diarrhea occurs after eradication therapy and the Clostridioides difficile toxin is not detected, antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis associated with Klebsiella oxytoca infection should be suspected. It is crucial to explain the possibility of diarrhea before initiating eradication therapy to increase compliance. Furthermore, probiotics may be administered to reduce diarrhea. If severe diarrhea or symptoms other than the usual antibiotic-associated diarrhea occur during or after eradication therapy, antibiotics should be discontinued. In addition, appropriate tests to determine the cause of diarrhea should be performed. This review summarizes the alteration of the gut microbiota, the causes of diarrhea after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, and its management.
Influence of tied-ridge with biochar amendment on runoff, sediment losses, and alfalfa yield in northwestern China
Authors: Mak-Mensah Erastus , Sam Faisal Eudes , Safnat Kaito Itoba Ongagna Ipaka , Zhao Wucheng , Zhang Dengkui , Zhou Xujiao , Wang Xiaoyun , Zhao Xiaole , Wang Qi
Published: August 2021

Background

Loss of organic matter and mineral nutrients to soil erosion in rain-fed agriculture is a serious problem globally, especially in China’s Loess Plateau. As a result, increasing rainwater usage efficiency by tied-ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting with biochar is expected to improve agricultural productivity. Nonetheless, with limited knowledge on tied-ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting with biochar, small-scale farmers face the challenge of adoption, thus, the rationale for this study.

Materials and methods

A field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of open-ridging (OR) and tied-ridging (TR) with bio-degradable film on ridges and biochar in furrows on runoff, sediment losses, soil moisture, fodder yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) on sloped land, using flat planting (FP) without ridges and furrows as control, during alfalfa-growing year (2020).

Results

Runoff in flat planting (30%), open ridging (45%), and tied ridging (52%) were decreased with biochar to the extent where sediment was decreased in flat planting (33%), open ridging (43%), and tied ridging (44%) as well. The mean runoff efficiency was lower in flat planting (31%), open ridging (45%), and tied ridging (50%) in biochar plots compared to no-biochar plots. In biochar and no-biochar plots, soil temperature on ridges of TR was higher than that on OR, which was higher than FP during alfalfa growing season. Soil temperature in furrows during alfalfa growing season in biochar and no-biochar plots were in the order FP > OR > TR. Mean soil water storage for FP, OR, and TR, in biochar plots was higher than in no-biochar plots. This indicates biochar has a beneficial impact on open riding. Total annual net fodder yield (NFY) was significantly (p = 0.00) higher in treatments in the order TR > OR > FP. Tied ridging had a significant effect on actual fodder yield (AFY) in biochar plots, while open ridging significantly affected AFY in no-biochar plots. Annual total mean NFY and AFY increased by 8% and 11% in biochar plots compared to no-biochar plots. In biochar and no-biochar plots, water use efficiency was in the order TR > OR > FP. Conclusively, water use efficiency was significantly higher (p = 0.01) in biochar plots compared to no-biochar plots.

Conclusion

When crop production is threatened by soil erosion and drought, mulched tied-ridge with biochar is beneficial to crop growth in rain-fed agriculture, according to this research. Smallholder farmers should be trained on applying this technique for water-saving to mitigate runoff, soil erosion, sediment losses, and improve food security in semiarid areas.
Orthogonal MET analysis in a population‐representative stage II–III colon cancer cohort: prognostic and potential therapeutic implications
Authors: Craig Stephanie G. , Mende Svenja , Humphries Matthew P. , Bingham Victoria , Viratham Pulsawatdi Amélie , Loughrey Maurice B. , Coleman Helen G. , McQuaid Stephen , Wilson Richard H. , Van Schaeybroeck Sandra , James Jacqueline A. , Salto‐Tellez Manuel
Published: August 2021

Clinical trials for MET inhibitors have demonstrated limited success for their use in colon cancer (CC). However, clinical efficacy may be obscured by a lack of standardisation in MET assessment for patient stratification. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular context in which MET is deregulated in CC using a series of genomic and proteomic tests to define MET expression and identify patient subgroups that should be considered in future studies with MET‐targeted agents. To this aim, orthogonal expression analysis of MET was conducted in a population‐representative cohort of stage II/III CC patients (n = 240) diagnosed in Northern Ireland from 2004 to 2008. Targeted sequencing was used to determine the relative incidence of MET R970C and MET T992I mutations within the cohort. MET amplification was assessed using dual‐colour dual‐hapten brightfield in situ hybridisation (DDISH). Expression of transcribed MET and c‐MET protein within the cohort was assessed using digital image analysis on MET RNA in situ hybridisation (ISH) and c‐MET immunohistochemistry (IHC) stained slides. We found that less than 2% of the stage II/III CC patient population assessed demonstrated a genetic MET aberration. Determination of a high MET RNA‐ISH/low c‐MET IHC protein subgroup was found to be associated with poor 5‐year cancer‐specific outcomes compared to patients with concordant MET RNA‐ISH and c‐MET IHC protein expression (HR 2.12 [95%CI: 1.27–3.68]). The MET RNA‐ISH/c‐MET IHC protein biomarker paradigm identified in this study demonstrates that subtyping of MET expression may be required to identify MET‐addicted malignancies in CC patients who will truly benefit from MET inhibition.
Melatonin binds with high affinity and specificity to beta‐amyloid: LC‐MS provides insight into Alzheimer’s disease treatment
Authors: Dai Yaqian , Peng Liduo , Liu Yajing , Xu Yuanhong , Qiao Jinping
Published: August 2021

To study the potential relationship between melatonin and beta‐amyloid (Abeta), we established a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) method to quantitatively analyze melatonin, deuterated isotopes (melatonin‐D4), and internal standard 6‐iodo‐2‐(4'‐dimethylamino‐) phenyl‐imidazo(1,2) pyridine (IMPY) under positive (+) mode. The gradient elution was set to 6 min, and the corresponding peak time of melatonin and its isotope melatonin‐D4 was 3.14 min, while the peak time for the internal standard IMPY was 3.24 min. Next, we established and optimized the molecule receptor saturation binding assay based on LC‐MS to determine the melatonin affinity for beta‐amyloid (Abeta). Melatonin showed a high and specific binding for Abeta. The corresponding equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of melatonin with Abeta 1‐40 and Abeta 1‐42 was 814.37 ± 36.62 and 628.33 ± 13.57 nmol·L−1; besides, the Kd of melatonin with mixed plaques (1‐40 and 1‐42) was 461.13 ± 45.37 nmol·L−1. The results may suggest the potential mechanism of action of MT on Abeta and provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of MT treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Social skills moderate the time‐varying association between aggression and peer rejection among children with and without ADHD
Authors: Glenn Dana E. , Michalska Kalina J. , Lee Steve S.
Published: August 2021

Although childhood aggression is typically associated with peer rejection, some children concurrently employ coercive and socially skilled behavior and successfully avoid negative peer outcomes. However, research on children's dual use of coercive and social behavior has largely employed cross‐sectional designs with nonclinical populations and, as a result, little is known about the covariation of aggression with social skills, particularly among high‐risk samples. We directly addressed this limitation by testing childhood aggression and social skills as separate time‐varying predictors of prospective change in peer rejection in a sample of children with and without attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Two hundred and two 5–10‐year‐old children (M = 7.9 years, SD = 1.2) with and without ADHD were followed prospectively for 6 years. Key constructs, including children's overt aggression, social skills, and peer rejection, were collected at each of the three waves using multiple methods and informants. Controlling for demographic factors and time‐varying ADHD symptoms, longitudinal change in child‐, parent‐, and teacher‐reported aggression positively predicted prospective change in parent‐ and teacher‐reported peer rejection. Importantly, predictions were moderated by parent‐ and teacher‐reported social skills, such that aggression inversely predicted peer rejection for children with high social skills. These results demonstrate that social skills meaningfully alter trajectories of peer rejection predicted from cross‐time variation in aggression. We discuss the theoretical and empirical implications of these findings within a developmental psychopathology framework, including recommendations for directions for future research.
Sub‐Picosecond Non‐Equilibrium States in the Amorphous Phase of GeTe Phase‐Change Material Thin Films
Authors: Martinez Paloma , Blanchet Valérie , Descamps Dominique , Dory Jean‐Baptiste , Fourment Claude , Papagiannouli Irène , Petit Stéphane , Raty Jean‐Yves , Noé Pierre , Gaudin Jérôme
Published: August 2021

The sub‐picosecond response of amorphous germanium telluride thin film to a femtosecond laser excitation is investigated using frequency‐domain interferometry and ab initio molecular dynamics. The time‐resolved measurement of the surface dynamics reveals a shrinkage of the film with a dielectric properties’ response faster than 300 fs. The systematic ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in non‐equilibrium conditions allow the atomic configurations to be retrieved for ionic temperature from 300 to 1100 K and width of the electron distribution from 0.001 to 1.0 eV. Local order of the structures is characterized by in‐depth analysis of the angle distribution, phonon modes, and pair distribution function, which evidence a transition toward a new amorphous electronic excited state close in bonding/structure to the liquid state. The results shed a new light on the optically highly excited states in chalcogenide materials involved in both important processes: phase‐change materials in memory devices and ovonic threshold switching phenomenon induced by a static field.
Tree Frog‐Inspired Structured Hydrogel Adhesive with Regulated Liquid
Authors: Meng Fandong , Liu Quan , Shi Zhekun , Tan Di , Yang Baisong , Wang Xin , Shi Kui , Kappl Michael , Lei Yifeng , Liu Sheng , Xue Longjian
Published: August 2021

The hexagonal epithelial cells covered with mucus are believed to be responsible for the superior adhesion ability of tree frogs under dry and wet conditions. In spite of good progress made in the past years, many questions about the mechanism of wet adhesion remain to be addressed. Here, a tree frog‐inspired wet adhesive, termed structured hydrogel adhesive, with poly(acrylamide)/poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel to mimic the hexagonal epithelial cells and glycerol–water mixture to mimic the mucus is reported. The combined analysis of adhesion force and work of adhesion reveals the major contribution of direct solid–solid contact in wet adhesion. The contributions of capillarity and viscosity of liquid are qualitatively decoupled by regulating the fluid components and the temperature. The study offers an excellent model system and a great opportunity to gain deep insight into wet adhesion of animals, like tree frogs, which may pave the way for the design of adhesives for wet environments.
The Many Facets of Molecular Orientation in Organic Optoelectronics
Authors: Hofmann Alexander , Schmid Markus , Brütting Wolfgang
Published: August 2021

Over the years, organic optoelectronics have evolved into a mature technology with a wide range of applications. Their building blocks, namely organic semiconductors, are distinctly different from their inorganic counterparts due to orientational degrees of freedom that offer unique possibilities for tailoring their properties in thin‐film structures. In this article, the many facets that molecular orientation has for fundamental aspects, like film growth as well as optical and electrical behavior, are reviewed and the implications of molecular orientation for device application are discussed.
Optimization of Polarization Resistance of (Cu,Mn)3O4 as Cathode Current‐Collecting Layer for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Shen Minghai
Published: August 2021

The polarization resistance optimization of the cathode plays a crucial role in reducing the energy consumption of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack. Herein, a (Cu,Mn)3O4 spinel material is used for the development of the cathode current‐collecting layer (CCCL) because it has superior price and good electrical conductivity than conventional current‐collecting materials. Symmetrical cells are fabricated using screen printing techniques. It is optimized by studying the influence of sintering temperature, thickness, and adding amount of Co3O4 on the microstructure and polarization resistance of the CCCL. The research found that 850 °C is the most convenient sintering temperature and 1–2 wt% of the adding amount of Co3O4 can optimize the polarization resistance. In addition, it is found that for the cathode side, the total thickness of the CCCL and the cathode should be controlled between 70 and 80 μm, the performance of the cathode is stable, and the polarization resistance is also rationally optimized.
Direct ink write 3D printing of high solids loading bimodal distributions of particles
Authors: Campbell Ian , Marnot Alexandra , Ketcham Mitchell , Travis Carly , Brettmann Blair
Published: August 2021

As additive manufacturing (AM) expands as a processing technology for structurally customizable materials, there is increasing interest in printing with high particle contents. For suspensions with particle contents of over 50 vol%, there are significant formulation and processing challenges due to increased interparticle friction and suspension complexity. We focus on suspensions with bimodal particle distributions and two common binder systems, a high molecular weight polymer in a solvent that solidifies via solvent evaporation and a monomer mixture that cures via ultraviolet irradiation. We examine the interplay between formulation and processing and show that the formulation effects are particularly important at optimal printing parameters, but that they are overcome by processing‐related defects at sub‐optimal parameters. By understanding the processing and formulation effects specific to direct ink write AM of high solids suspensions, new customized inks can be designed for a wide range of applications, including construction, energetics, and ceramics.
Toward precision medicine in vascular connective tissue disorders
Authors: Ziegler Shira G. , MacCarrick Gretchen , Dietz Harry C.
Published: August 2021

Tremendous progress has been made in understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of inherited vascular connective tissue disorders. While new insights regarding disease etiology and pathogenesis have informed patient counseling and care, there are numerous obstacles that need to be overcome in order to achieve the full promise of precision medicine. In this review, these issues will be discussed in the context of Marfan syndrome and Loeys‐Dietz syndrome, with additional emphasis on the pioneering contributions made by Victor McKusick.
Second‐Sphere Interaction Promoted Turn‐On Fluorescence for Selective Sensing of Organic Amines in a TbIII‐based Macrocyclic Framework
Authors: Ren Junyu , Niu Zheng , Ye Yingxiang , Tsai Chen‐Yen , Liu Shixi , Liu Qingzhi , Huang Xianqiang , Nafady Ayman , Ma Shengqian
Published: August 2021

Guided by a second‐sphere interaction strategy, we fabricated a Tb(III)‐based metal—organic framework (MMCF‐4) for turn‐on sensing of methyl amine with ultra‐low detection limit and high turn‐on efficiency. MMCF‐4 features lanthanide nodes shielded in a nonacoordinate geometry along with secondary coordination spheres that are densely populated with H‐bond interacting sites. Nonradiative routes were inhibited by binding‐induced rigidification of the ligand on the second coordination sphere, resulting in luminescence amplification. Such remote interacting mechanism involved in the turn‐on sensing event was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and molecular dynamic simulation studies. The design of both primary and secondary coordination spheres of Tb(III) enabled the first turn‐on sensing of organic amines in aqueous conditions. Our work suggests a promising strategy for high‐performance turn‐on sensing for Ln‐MOFs and luminous materials driven by other metal chromophores.