bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing water transportation capacity by asymmetrical patterned surface with super-wettability
Authors: Yan Defeng , Lu Yi , Lin Junyi , Li Wenhui , Song Jinlong
Published: August 2024

Spontaneous and directional water droplet transportation based on patterned surface with super-wettability is crucial for the development of frontier science technology. However, water droplet transportation cannot meet both long distance and fast transportation simultaneously. Here, we overcame this limitation by proposing an asymmetric serial brachistochrone-shaped pattern (ASBP). Water droplet could be transported on the ASBP with a transportation distance of 72.52 mm and a transportation velocity of 158 mm/s after a series of single-factor experiments, orthogonal design optimization, and junction transition optimization. In addition, the water droplet could be transported on a curved ASBP, a super-long ASBP for multi-droplet scenarios, and an ASBP at an inclination angle. Moreover, acidic and alkaline aqueous solution droplet showed similar transportation distance and transportation velocity on the ASBP. Based on the aforementioned superb water transportation capacity, this ASBP can be applied in the fields of fog collection, solution mixing and reaction, and reagent detection. This work has strong implications for promoting the application of patterned surface with super-wettability in the field of high-performance fluid transportation systems.
Stacking faults along the {111} planes seed pressure-induced phase transformation in single crystal silicon
Authors: Butler Sean L. , Huston Larissa Q. , Suarez-Martinez Irene , Marks Nigel A. , McCulloch Dougal G. , Bradby Jodie E.
Published: August 2024

We explore the onset of phase transformation, at the nanoscale, in single-crystal diamond-cubic silicon (dc-Si) subjected to pressures of 13 GPa using a diamond anvil cell with a methanol-ethanol pressure medium. Transmission electron microscopy reveals two distinct structural features along {111} planes: (1) thin bands of defective dc-Si and (2) thicker bands of body-centered cubic silicon (bc8), surrounded by defective dc-Si. We propose that these features are consistent with shear bands that have been formed by slip along the low energy {111} planes and have a range of thicknesses depending on how much plastic deformation has occurred. The presence of bc8-Si within the thicker bands can be explained by localized regions of high pressure or energy at their center facilitating phase transformation to the metastable metallic β-Sn phase, which in turn, transforms to bc8 on pressure release. Our observations reveal that phase formation in silicon can be shear-activated, the transformation is not nucleation-limited, and its sluggish nature may be due to the slow growth of the metallic phase.
Phytase super-dosing modulates bone parameters and the concentration of the calcium epithelial carrier calbindin-D28k in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) under thermal stress
Authors: Ribeiro A. G. , Silva R. S. , Costa F. S. , Silva E. G. , Santos Ribeiro J. E. , Saraiva E. P. , Costa F. G. P. , Guerra R. R.
Published: August 2024

Context Thermal stress causes significant changes in the bioavailability of minerals, especially calcium, in laying birds, resulting in reduced egg production, and compromising egg quality. Therefore, it is necessary to use additives that provide better nutrient availability and minimise the negative effects caused by high temperatures. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the effects of super-dosing the diet of laying quails submitted to different temperatures with phytase on their bone parameters and on the epithelial calcium transporter calbindin-D28K positivity. Methods Seven hundred and twenty (720) Japanese quails in the production phase were distributed in a completely randomised design, in a 5 × 3 factorial design, with five supplementation levels of phytase (0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 3000 FTU/kg), and three temperatures (24°C, 30°C and 36°C), totalling 15 treatments, and six replications of eight birds each. The study began at the 8th week of age and continued for two cycles of 21 days, totalling 42 days of experiment. Bone parameters of the tibias and calbindin-D28K positivity were measured by immunohistochemistry. The data were submitted to variance, Tukey, and regression analyses. Key results At 24°C, birds had higher averages for proximal, medial, and distal diaphyses than did birds at 30°C and 36°C, and a greater breaking strength of the tibias than did those at 36°C. There was an increasing linear effect on the medial diaphysis and Seedor index in the tibias with an increasing phytase supplementation level. Calcium (Ca) in the tibias was higher in birds kept at 30°C at a supplementation level of up to 1000 FTU of phytase, than in the birds at 24°C and 36°C, equalling at 1500 FTU, and lower at 3000 FTU. There was a quadratic effect for phosphorus (P) and the Ca:P ratio in the tibias of quails submitted to increasing concentrations of phytase. Quails kept at 30°C showed greater anti-calbindin-D28K positivity in the duodenum and jejunum, when compared to animals subjected to temperatures of 24°C and 36°C. Phytase doses of 500 and 1000 FTU increased calbindin-D28K positivity in the duodenum of quails kept at 30°C. At a supplementation level of 1500 FTU, phytase provided greater eggshell thickness and greater calbindin-D28K positivity in the uterus of quails kept at 36°C. Conclusions Therefore, it is recommended to use 1500 FTU of phytase for Japanese quail exposed to high temperatures. Implications These findings suggest that dietary phytase super-dosing can help alleviate thermal stress in Japanese quail.
Residues 2 to 7 of α-synuclein regulate amyloid formation via lipid-dependent and lipid-independent pathways
Authors: Dewison Katherine M. , Rowlinson Benjamin , Machin Jonathan M. , Crossley Joel A. , Thacker Dev , Wilkinson Martin , Ulamec Sabine M. , Khan G. Nasir , Ranson Neil A. , van Oosten-Hawle Patricija , Brockwell David J. , Radford Sheena E.
Published: August 2024

Amyloid formation by α-synuclein (αSyn) occurs in Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Deciphering the residues that regulate αSyn amyloid fibril formation will not only provide mechanistic insight but may also reveal targets to prevent and treat disease. Previous investigations have identified several regions of αSyn to be important in the regulation of amyloid formation, including the non-amyloid-β component (NAC), P1 region (residues 36 to 42), and residues in the C-terminal domain. Recent studies have also indicated the importance of the N-terminal region of αSyn for both its physiological and pathological roles. Here, the role of residues 2 to 7 in the N-terminal region of αSyn is investigated in terms of their ability to regulate amyloid fibril formation in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of these residues (αSynΔN7) slows the rate of fibril formation in vitro and reduces the capacity of the protein to be recruited by wild-type (αSynWT) fibril seeds, despite cryo-EM showing a fibril structure consistent with those of full-length αSyn. Strikingly, fibril formation of αSynΔN7 is not induced by liposomes, despite the protein binding to liposomes with similar affinity to αSynWT. A
Caenorhabditis elegans
model also showed that αSynΔN7::YFP forms few puncta and lacks motility and lifespan defects typified by expression of αSynWT::YFP. Together, the results demonstrate the involvement of residues 2 to 7 of αSyn in amyloid formation, revealing a target for the design of amyloid inhibitors that may leave the functional role of the protein in membrane binding unperturbed.
Tropical Andean climate variations since the last deglaciation
Authors: Zhao Boyang , Russell James M. , Blaus Ansis , Nascimento Majoi de Novaes , Freeman Aaron , Bush Mark B.
Published: August 2024

Global warming during the Last Glacial Termination was interrupted by millennial-scale cool intervals such as the Younger Dryas and the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR). Although these events are well characterized at high latitudes, their impacts at low latitudes are less well known. We present high-resolution temperature and hydroclimate records from the tropical Andes spanning the past ~16,800 y using organic geochemical proxies applied to a sediment core from Laguna Llaviucu, Ecuador. Our hydroclimate record aligns with records from the western Amazon and eastern and central Andes and indicates a dominant long-term influence of changing austral summer insolation on the intensity of the South American Summer Monsoon. Our temperature record indicates a ~4 °C warming during the glacial termination, stable temperatures in the early to mid-Holocene, and slight, gradual warming since ~6,000 y ago. Importantly, we observe a ~1.5 °C cold reversal coincident with the ACR. These data document a temperature change pattern during the deglaciation in the tropical Andes that resembles temperatures at high southern latitudes, which are thought to be controlled by radiative forcing from atmospheric greenhouse gases and changes in ocean heat transport by the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
The deflection of fatigued neck
Authors: Zhou Yu , Reddy Curran , Zhang Xudong
Published: August 2024

The human neck is a unique mechanical structure, highly flexible but fatigue prone. The rising prevalence of neck pain and chronic injuries has been attributed to increasing exposure to fatigue loading in activities such as prolonged sedentary work and overuse of electronic devices. However, a causal relationship between fatigue and musculoskeletal mechanical changes remains elusive. This work aimed to establish this relationship through a unique experiment design, inspired by a cantilever beam mechanical model of the neck, and an orchestrated deployment of advanced motion-force measurement technologies including dynamic stereo-radiographic imaging. As a group of 24 subjects performed sustained-till-exhaustion neck exertions in varied positions—neutral, extended, and flexed, their cervical spine musculoskeletal responses were measured. Data verified the occurrence of fatigue and revealed fatigue-induced neck deflection which increased cervical lordosis or kyphosis by 4–5° to 11°, depending on the neck position. This finding and its interpretations render a renewed understanding of muscle fatigue from a more unified motor control perspective as well as profound implications on neck pain and injury prevention.
Increasing environmental variability inhibits evolutionary rescue in a long-lived vertebrate
Authors: Clark-Wolf T. J. , Boersma P. Dee , Plard Floriane , Rebstock Ginger A. , Abrahms Briana
Published: August 2024

Evolutionary rescue, whereby adaptive evolutionary change rescues populations from extinction, is theorized to enable imperiled animal populations to persist under increasing anthropogenic change. Despite a large body of evidence in theoretical and laboratory settings, the potential for evolutionary rescue to be a viable adaptation process for free-ranging animals remains unknown. Here, we leverage a 38-year dataset following the fates of 53,959 Magellanic penguins (
Spheniscus magellanicus
) to investigate whether a free-ranging vertebrate species can morphologically adapt to long-term environmental change sufficiently to promote population persistence. Despite strong selective pressures, we found that penguins did not adapt morphologically to long-term environmental changes, leading to projected population extirpation. Fluctuating selection benefited larger penguins in some environmental contexts, and smaller penguins in others, ultimately mitigating their ability to adapt under increasing environmental variability. Under future climate projections, we found that the species cannot be rescued by adaptation, suggesting similar constraints for other long-lived species. Such results reveal how fluctuating selection driven by environmental variability can inhibit adaptation under long-term environmental change. Our eco-evolutionary approach helps explain the lack of adaptation and evolutionary rescue in response to environmental change observed in many animal species.
Liquid water in the Martian mid-crust
Authors: Wright Vashan , Morzfeld Matthias , Manga Michael
Published: August 2024

Large volumes of liquid water transiently existed on the surface of Mars more than 3 billion years ago. Much of this water is hypothesized to have been sequestered in the subsurface or lost to space. We use rock physics models and Bayesian inversion to identify combinations of lithology, liquid water saturation, porosity, and pore shape consistent with the constrained mid-crust (∼11.5 to 20 km depths) seismic velocities and gravity near the InSight lander. A mid-crust composed of fractured igneous rocks saturated with liquid water best explains the existing data. Our results have implications for understanding Mars’ water cycle, determining the fates of past surface water, searching for past or extant life, and assessing in situ resource utilization for future missions.
Children’s Peer Cultures in Dialogue
Authors: Nasi Nicola
Published: August 2024

Contemporary schools are enlivened by a multitude of children with rather disparate linguistic, cultural, and socioeconomic backgrounds. These children spend most of their school hours in interaction with other children, engaging in multifarious activities (conflict, gossip, play, humor, task-related activities) that gradually come to constitute the local culture and social organization of their peer group. The book illustrates the multimodal and sequential organization of these mundane peer choreographies, describing the resources through which children co-ordinate their social actions in the complex linguistic and socio-material landscape of diverse classrooms. Moving beyond the focus on teacher-led socialization in previous literature, the analyses shed light on the relevance of everyday peer practices to the negotiation of children’s social roles and identities and to their overall developmental trajectories in the community. The volume adopts an interdisciplinary perspective and addresses scholars from different academic fields, including sociology, linguistics, anthropology, social and developmental psychology, and education.
L2 intonation perception in learners of Spanish
Authors: George Angela
Published: August 2024

While the field of L2 variation, particularly with L2 Spanish, is expanding, to date little is
known about the acquisition of variable intonation that occurs in final boundary tones of yes-no questions. The
present study investigates the effects of explicit instruction on the accurate identification of utterance type
(yes-no questions, broad-focused declarative statements, and wh-questions). Eleven L1 English learners of Spanish in
an advanced university level Spanish class listened to 21 Spanish utterances to identify the utterance type before and
after receiving explicit in-class instruction. Two L1 Spanish listeners served as a control. Learner gains in
identification of utterance type were not significant, and there was no statistically significant effect of explicit
instruction on the identification of the utterances.
Histone H4 acetylation differentially modulates proliferation in adult oligodendrocyte progenitors
Authors: Dansu David K. , Selcen Ipek , Sauma Sami , Prentice Emily , Huang Dennis , Li Meng , Moyon Sarah , Casaccia Patrizia
Published: August 2024

Adult oligodendrocyte progenitors (aOPCs) generate myelinating oligodendrocytes like neonatal progenitors (nOPCs), and they also display unique functional features. Here, using unbiased histone proteomics analysis and ChIP sequencing analysis of PDGFRα+ OPCs sorted from neonatal and adult Pdgfra-H2B-EGFP reporter mice, we identify the activating H4K8ac histone mark as enriched in the aOPCs. We detect increased occupancy of the H4K8ac activating mark at chromatin locations corresponding to genes related to the progenitor state (e.g., Hes5, Gpr17), metabolic processes (e.g., Txnip, Ptdgs), and myelin components (e.g., Cnp, Mog). aOPCs showed higher levels of transcripts related to lipid metabolism and myelin, and lower levels of transcripts related to cell cycle and proliferation compared with nOPCs. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of histone acetylation decreased the expression of the H4K8ac target genes in aOPCs and decreased their proliferation. Overall, this study identifies acetylation of the histone H4K8 as a regulator of the proliferative capacity of aOPCs.
Time-dependent scalings and Fock quantization of a massless scalar field in Kantowski–Sachs
Authors: Cortez Jerónimo , Mena Marugán Guillermo A , Torres-Caballeros Álvaro , Velhinho José
Published: August 2024

We address the issue of inequivalent Fock representations in quantum field theory in a curved homogenous and anisotropic cosmological background, namely Kantowski–Sachs spacetime, which can also be used to describe the interior of a nonrotating black hole. A family of unitarily equivalent Fock representations that are invariant under the spatial isometries and implement a unitary dynamics can be achieved by means of a field redefinition that consists of a specific anisotropic scaling of the field configuration and a linear transformation of its momentum. Remarkably, we show that this kind of field redefinition is in fact unique under our symmetry and unitary requirements. However, the physical properties of the Hamiltonian dynamics that one obtains in this way are not satisfactory, inasmuch as the action of the Hamiltonian on the corresponding particle states is ill defined. To construct a quantum theory without this problem, we need a further canonical transformation that is time- and mode-dependent and is not interpretable as an anisotropic scaling. The old and new Fock representations, nevertheless, are unitarily equivalent. The freedom that is introduced when allowing for this further canonical transformation can be fixed by demanding an asymptotic diagonalization of the Hamiltonian and a minimal absorption of dynamical phases. In this way, the choice of vacuum and the associated Fock representation are asymptotically determined.
Holographic phenomenology via overlapping degrees of freedom
Authors: Friedrich Oliver , Cao ChunJun , Carroll Sean M , Cheng Gong , Singh Ashmeet
Published: August 2024

The holographic principle suggests that regions of space contain fewer physical degrees of freedom than would be implied by conventional quantum field theory. Meanwhile, in Hilbert spaces of large dimension 2
n
, it is possible to define

N
≫
n

Pauli algebras that are nearly anti-commuting (but not quite) and which can be thought of as ‘overlapping degrees of freedom’. We propose to model the phenomenology of holographic theories by allowing field-theory modes to be overlapping, and derive potential observational consequences. In particular, we build a Fermionic quantum field whose effective degrees of freedom approximately obey area scaling and satisfy a cosmic Bekenstein bound, and compare predictions of that model to cosmic neutrino observations. Our implementation of holography implies a finite lifetime of plane waves, which depends on the overall UV cutoff of the theory. To allow for neutrino flux from blazar TXS 0506+056 to be observable, our model needs to have a cutoff

Λ

UV

≲
500

Λ

LHC

. This is broadly consistent with current bounds on the energy spectrum of cosmic neutrinos from IceCube, but high energy neutrinos are a potential challenge for our model of holography. We motivate our construction via quantum mereology, i.e. using the idea that EFT degrees of freedom should emerge from an abstract theory of quantum gravity by finding quasi-classical Hilbert space decompositions. We also discuss how to extend the framework to Bosons. Finally, using results from random matrix theory we derive an analytical understanding of the energy spectrum of our theory. The numerical tools used in this work are publicly available within the GPUniverse package, https://github.com/OliverFHD/GPUniverse.
Investigative photometry experiments on planar extended-light sources
Authors: Campione M , Pietropaolo A , Bussetti G
Published: August 2024

The inverse-square decay law of the illuminance of a point light source with distance is a common notion of basic optics theory, which is readily demonstrated to be a direct consequence of the propagation of spherical wave fronts with the centre at the light source. It is far less common to address the experimental verification of this law and, even less, to study the illuminance decay with the distance of extended light sources, which somehow represent an unknown topic. We propose a scientific experiment where the light sensor of a smartphone is used to collect illuminance data as a function of the source-to-sensor distance and orientation. Through this procedure, students can realize the limit of validity of the inverse-square law and determine the luminance flux of the chosen point-like light source (e.g. the white LED flashlight of a smartphone). More interestingly, when dealing with extended sources (e.g. the LCD of a laptop displaying a white image) subtle characteristics of the decay trend emerge, particularly for distances lower that the source size. A detailed analysis of these characteristics is presented though a process allowing student engagement in a real scientific investigation, envisaging steps of data acquisition through experimental measurements, model construction on the basis of the observed patterns, and finally model testing. We provide a guided formulation for the general modelling of planar emitters, starting from the theoretical treatment of Lambertian sources. In this way, students are able to quantify the luminous emission also for extended sources and their deviation from a Lambertian behaviour.
Surprises in the theory of elasticity: pairwise atomic interactions, central forces, and Cauchy relations
Authors: Etxebarria J
Published: August 2024

Although the theory of elasticity has been well known for many years there are still some commonly accepted misconceptions that continue to be taught in solid-state physics courses. In this paper we review some of these misconceptions through a detailed study of the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic theories of elasticity in a simple-cubic crystal with one atom per primitive cell. The analysis is performed at different stages of complexity. In the first-neighbor approximation we find that the crystal is simply unstable. If pairwise interaction up to second neighbors is considered the crystal is stable but the elastic constants present additional symmetries known as Cauchy relations which are not observed experimentally. The reasons for this behavior are analyzed, pointing out that the invariance of the potential energy with respect to rotations implies necessarily that pairwise interactions must be central. Only if the atomic interactions involve the participation of 3-bodies or more, the forces are non-central and the resulting elastic tensor may be acceptable.
Tunable memory behavior in light stimulated artificial synapse based on ZnO thin film transistors
Authors: Oommen Roshni , Ganapathi Mavuri Dinesh Sai , Jose Kiran , Nair Aswathi R
Published: August 2024

Optoelectronic synapses are inevitable for realizing neuromorphic vision systems, which require the integration of image recognition, memory and image processing into a single platform. In this work, we present a three terminal optoelectronic synapse created using zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film transistor. The persistent photoconductivity (PPC) of ZnO thin film is utilized to demonstrate the synaptic behavior. The change in conductance of the device under UV illumination has been interpreted as the weight change in the synapse. The basic synaptic functions such as sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory, duration-time-dependent plasticity and paired pulse facilitation (PPF) have been successfully demonstrated. The device shows a PPF index of 160%, comparable to other optoelectronic synapses reported in literature. Further, to corroborate the existing theory that PPC is caused by oxygen vacancies, additional characterizations are carried out and the presence of oxygen vacancies is detected in the fabricated ZnO device. Subsequently, pattern recognition of MNIST handwritten dataset has been performed using the conductance tuning curves of the proposed ZnO TFT based synapses in a neural network architecture, thereby demonstrating their feasibility to be used in neuromorphic applications.
Measuring the pose repeatability accuracy of the industrial robot end-effector based on the ISSA-IGCF-IHT method
Authors: Yu Zhen , Wan Junhe , Hao Zongrui , Kou Lei
Published: August 2024

Industrial robots play an essential role in intelligent manufacturing. The pose repeatability accuracy of the end effector is an important indicator of the robot’s precision operations ability. So, it is essential to measure the pose repeatability accuracy of the end effector. However, most of the existing measurement methods have problems such as cumbersome measurement processes and difficulty realizing multi-point measurements of large spaces. Considering the shortcomings of the existing methods, a theoretical model of the robot end effector’s pose repeatability accuracy measurement is proposed in this paper. Based on the theoretical model, a new method based on an improved sparrow search algorithm-improved Gaussian curve fitting-improved Hough transform algorithm is proposed to measure the Industrial robot end effector’s pose repeatability accuracy. The experimental results show that the position measurement error after compensation is ±1.5 μm, and the angle measurement error after compensation is ±2 arc sec. We can conclude that the Industrial robot end effector’s pose repeatability accuracy measurement is achieved using the proposed method. The authors’ main contribution is that the proposed method’s measurement process is simple and can achieve multi-point measurement in large spaces. It provides a reference for measuring and evaluating the Industrial robot end effector’s pose repeatability accuracy.
FELC-SLAM: feature extraction and loop closure optimized lidar SLAM system
Authors: Gao Ruizhen , Li Yuang , Li Baihua , Li Guoguang
Published: August 2024

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is one of the key technologies in robot navigation and autonomous driving, playing an important role in robot navigation. Due to the sparsity of LiDAR data and the singularity of point cloud features, accuracy loss of LiDAR SLAM can occur during point cloud matching and localization. In response to these issues, this paper proposes a LiDAR Measurement SLAM algorithm that integrates multi type geometric feature extraction and optimized point cloud registration algorithms. This article first adopts advanced ground segmentation methods and feature segmentation strategies, including ground features, edge features, planar features, and spherical features, to improve matching accuracy. In addition, this article improves the previous method for extracting edge and planar features, extracting clearer and more robust line and surface features to address the degradation of geometric features. Finally, by introducing a robust decoupling global registration method for loop closure detection in the backend of the system, the sparsity problem of distant point clouds and the degradation problem caused by the reduction of inner layers in point cloud registration were effectively solved. In the evaluation of the KITTI dataset, our algorithm reduced absolute trajectory error values by 60%, 29%, and 71% compared to LeGO-LOAM in multi loop and feature constrained scenarios (such as sequences 00, 01, and 02), respectively. The evaluation of the M2DGR and Botanic Garden datasets also indicates that the positioning accuracy of our algorithm is superior to other advanced LiDAR SLAM algorithms.
Measurement of tiny moment of inertia based on flexure hinge for automobile collision testing
Authors: Yu Meike , Chen Xi , Zhang Shiyu , Zhu Chunyuan , Jia Pingyi , Zhao Lingzhe , Zhao Meirong , Zheng Yelong
Published: August 2024

The moment of inertia is a critical parameter for determining the motion state of an object and achieving precise control. At present, measurement techniques for the moment of inertia of large and heavy objects (greater than 0.5 kgm2) are very mature. However, it is still a challenge to achieve high precision for smaller objects (less than 0.5 kgm2). In this paper, a measuring device based on flexure hinges is proposed to achieve high-accuracy measurement of tiny moments of inertia, without additional friction. A theoretical model of measurement is developed and optimised to obtain the rotational inertia by measuring swing periods. The experimental results show that the maximum load of the device is 20 kg, and the resolution reaches 4 × 10−5 kgm2. For a 5 kg head model, the moment of inertia was measured to be 0.011 58 kgm2, with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.000 29 kgm2.
Energetic cost as a consequence of parallel transporting speed limit
Authors: Peng Yonggang , Ni Zhenbo , Zheng Yujun
Published: August 2024

Time-optimal unitary operating quantum systems and energy-efficient quantum gates are vital in quantum engineering. Here, we establish the connection between the energetic cost and the quantum speed limit for parallel evolving of a quantum system. Our results show that the energetic cost is the consequence of parallel transporting speed limit, which opens up the critical role of parallel transport of the quantum state for the quantum technologies such as the quantum simulation, the quantum information processing. Our investigations present a route to construct the energetic-efficient quantum gate. In addition, our theoretical framework provides an alternative method for calculating quantum speed limit. Two typical relevant systems are employed to illustrate our results: the spin-1/2 particle in the rotating magnetic field and the entanglement swap gate.
Path integral formalism for the Klein–Gordon-Dunkl oscillator in (1+d)-dimensional space-time coordinates
Authors: Benzair H , Boudjedaa T , Merad M
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we extend the path integral formalism for the Klein–Gordon oscillator by replacing the standard derivative with the Dunkl derivative in 1D, 2D, and even in d − dimensions. Using space-time Cartesian coordinates, we derive the propagators and solve the problems exactly. We determine the energy eigenvalues and corresponding wave functions for the spinless particle. In limiting cases, where the Dunkl derivative parameters are set to zero, our results converge appropriately to those found in the literature for these problems.
Locally distinguishing genuinely nonlocal sets with entanglement resource
Authors: Qiao Qiao , Zhang Su-Juan , Bai Chen-Ming , Liu Lu
Published: August 2024

A set of orthogonal product states is deemed genuinely nonlocal if they remain locally indistinguishable under any bipartition. In this paper, we first construct a genuinely nonlocal product basis B
I(5, 3) in

C

5

⨂

C

5

⨂

C

5

using a set of nonlocal product states in

C

3

⨂

C

4

. Then, we obtain a genuinely nonlocal product basis B
II(5, 3) by replacing certain states in B
I(5, 3) with some superposition states. We achieve perfect discrimination of the constructed genuinely nonlocal product basis, separately employing two EPR states and one GHZ state. Our protocol is more efficient than quantum teleportation.
Magnetocaloric properties of Nd-doped Gd5Si4 microparticles and nanopowders
Authors: Zhang 张 Kaiyang 凯扬 , Wang 王 Huanhuan 欢欢 , Wang 王 Ying 颖 , Wang 王 Tao 涛
Published: August 2024

The preparation of materials with enhanced magnetocaloric properties is crucial for magnetic refrigeration. In this study, Nd-doped Gd5Si4 microparticles and nanomaterials were synthesized using the reduction–diffusion method. The impact of Nd doping with varying compositions on the structure and entropy change properties of the materials was investigated. The Curie temperatures of both the micron- and nano-sized materials ranged from 190 K to 210 K, which were lower than previously reported values. Micron-sized samples doped with 1% Nd exhibited superior magnetocaloric properties, demonstrating a maximum entropy change of 4.98 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1 at 5 T, with an entropy change exceeding 4 J⋅kg−1⋅K−1 over a wide temperature range of approximately 70 K. Conversely, the nanomaterials had broader entropy change peaks but lower values. All samples exhibited a second-order phase transition, as confirmed by the Arrott plots.
Status and issues of high-temperature and high-pressure water corrosion research of fusion structural materials in Japanese DEMO reactor development
Authors: Nakajima Motoki , Nozawa Takashi
Published: August 2024

The activated corrosion product assessments of fusion structural materials are essential to designing components and evaluating workers’ radiation exposure. This paper first gives the R&D status of the high-temperature pressurized water corrosion study of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels and chromium–zirconium–copper (CuCrZr) alloys, which are the leading candidate materials of fusion reactor in-vessel components such as breeding blanket and divertor, which are utilized in high-temperature and high-pressure water, and the recent progress of corrosion test apparatus simulating the unique environment of a fusion reactor will also be presented.
Numerical study of a general criterion for divertor detachment control
Authors: Yang Hao , Ciraolo Guido , Février Olivier , Fedorczak Nicolas , Rivals Nicolas , Bierwage Andreas , Bufferand Hugo , Falchetto Gloria L , Nakano Tomohide , Tamain Patrick , Bucalossi Jérôme ,   the WEST team
Published: August 2024

The parameter

R

D

=

P

rad

/

P

cond

, which measures the ratio of radiated power to conductive heat flux at downstream Scrape-Off-Layer (SOL), is proposed as a robust and practically useful figure of merit for divertor detachment control. The simulations performed using the SOLEDGE3X-EIRENE code predict that the instant where

R

D

passes through unity (that is, when

P

rad

≈

P

cond

) coincides with the detachment of the radiation front from the divertor target. Furthermore, as a function of

R

D

, there is a decrease in target temperature and an increase in the distance at which the radiation front detaches from the target. These simulations cover scenarios in WEST and TCV with different levels of confinement, divertor closure, impurity concentration, and input power. The physical rationale underlying the above definition of

R

D

is that when the divertor radiated power is comparable to the conductive heat flux, there will be a lack of energy reaching the target. Consequently, the radiation front detaches some distance from the divertor target.

R

D

can thus be a good indicator for transitions to and from the detachment state. By monitoring

R

D

, it becomes easier to maintain the heat flux deposition at the target at a manageable level. The evaluation of

R

D

requires diagnostic measurement of downstream SOL radiation and upstream temperature which is feasible in tokamak devices. The robustness of this figure of merit is evaluated through realistic time-dependent numerical simulations for the WEST tokamak, as well as experimental data from WEST, TCV, and JT-60U cases. The results show that

R

D

is capable of capturing the evolution of divertor plasma states, despite the different discharges and machines, suggesting that

R

D

can serve as a valuable control variable for real-time experimental divertor detachment control.
Design of a Robotic 3D Printing System
Authors: Pollák M , Kočiško M , Török J
Published: August 2024

Additive manufacturing enables the production of complex shapes with a large degree of freedom compared to conventional manufacturing techniques such as injection molding, thermoforming or pressing. In particular, the creation of moving parts, complex structures and large-scale printing remains underexplored and research is constantly expanding. Due to design limitations related to the construction of currently available printers, 3D printing technology is increasingly being combined with robotics. Using a robot to 3D print products eliminates the need to design complex printer structures, which ultimately should simplify the process of manufacturing large-scale products and shorten the time required for preparation and production. The paper deals with the description of the designed 3D printing system and the procedure of the steps of creating a robotic simulation model with the generation of a control program for the FDM 3D printing process by an industrial robot.
Affordance-informed Robotic Manipulation via Intelligent Action Library
Authors: Sheng G , Zhiyang L , Ruiteng Z , Lei Z , Chengran Y , Zhengshen Z , Ang M H
Published: August 2024

In the realm of conventional affordance detection, the primary objective is to provide insights into the potential uses of objects. However, a significant limitation remains as these conventional methods merely treat affordance detection as a semantic segmentation task, disregarding the crucial aspect of interpreting affordances for actions that can be performed by manipulator. To address this critical gap, we present a novel pipeline incorporating the Intelligent Action Library (IAL) concept. This framework enables affordance interpretation for various manipulation tasks, allowing robots to be taught and guided on how to execute specific actions based on the detected affordances and human-robot interaction. Through real-world experiments, we have demonstrated the ingenuity and dependability of our pipeline, effectively bridging the gap between affordance detection and manipulation task planning and execution. The integration of IAL facilitates a seamless connection between understanding affordances and empowering robots to perform tasks with precision and efficiency. The demo link is available to the public: https://youtu.be/_oBAer2Vl8k
Analytical Study of Barrier-free Door Closer Guide Rail System based on Slider-Crank Mechanism
Authors: Leong Man-Yee , Tan Alfred C.H.
Published: August 2024

One of the most important elements of barrier-free design is the door entrance system, particularly door closers. Door closers ensure that doors are easy to operate and do not pose any physical barriers to users. However, existing electro-mechanical door closers are relatively heavy, costly and have reliability issues in cases of power outages. Purely mechanical door closers, such as cam action with guide rail and rack-and-pinion with scissors arm, offer a more affordable option due to simpler design and fewer components used. Static forces and torque with geometrical constraints of the door closer guide rail system are considered in deriving the mathematical expressions of a door closer guide rail system using similar approaches as slider-crank mechanism. The formulation considers the effects of pinion torque of a door closer, installation inputs as design parameters, door angle and efficiency. The mathematical model and experimental results show close agreement. The contribution of this paper is that it demonstrates the underlying physics of the door closer guide rail system, thereby aiding in understanding the door behaviour. Additionally, the model can predict the behaviour of the system under different operating conditions, which can be useful for design and optimization purposes. More importantly, this model can be utilised to identify the most effective strategies in reducing opening forces on doors thereby providing design insights to barrier-free application in the future.
Thermal management of a battery pack using fin-embedded phase change material
Authors: Acharya S , Anand C
Published: August 2024

The present study focuses on the numerical investigation of heat transfer from a battery cell surrounded by phase change material (PCM) with longitudinal fins embedded in it. Three-dimensional transient heat conduction equation is solved numerically in the battery domain, whereas the solidification-melting model adopting Enthalpy-Porosity approach is solved in PCM to obtain liquid fraction and temperature distribution. PCM with 16 fins was found to be quite effective in reducing the battery surface temperature compared to 12, 8, and 4 fins. However, the effectiveness of 16 fins is observed up to 1500 sec till the PCM completely melts into liquid. A maximum reduction of 25 K has been achieved at 1500 sec by adding 16 fins to PCM. Beyond 1500 sec, the temperature rises sharply, exceeding all other cases at 2200 sec. Fins play an essential role in augmenting heat transfer, which benefits in achieving the phase change process in less time to restrict the temperature rise; however, at the same time, when the phase change process completes, fins become detrimental to the system since the temperature of the battery starts rising sharply.
A combined algorithm of potential game and particle swarm optimization for multi-user edge computing task offloading
Authors: Cen Jiahuan , Zhang Zhisheng , Dai Min , Xia Zhijie , Wen Haiying
Published: August 2024

For the scenario of edge computing tasks’ offloading between multi-user and multi-server, the number of offloading strategies increases exponentially with the number of users which makes it difficult to find the optimal solution through brute force search. The task offloading model for this scenario is established, and a combined algorithm using potential game method to avoid the premature convergence of the particle swarm optimization is proposed in this paper. The simulation results have shown the proposed algorithm outcomes have lower system cost and better quality of service.
Influence of tunnel cone angle and lip deflection on the performance of coaxial twin propeller
Authors: Du Kaichao , Shi Yongkang , Li Ke
Published: August 2024

To investigate the influence of the culvert cone angle and the angle of the mouth on the aerodynamic performance of the culvert coaxial twin rotor and its mechanism, the quasi-steady numerical simulation of the flow field of the culvert coaxial twin rotor under a hovering state was carried out based on the Reynolds mean Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation and the multiple reference coordinate system method (MRF). The influence of cone angle from -6° to 9° and lip deflection angle from -20° to 30° on the aerodynamic performance of coaxial double-rotors with ducted passages is analyzed. The results show that the contractile culvert can generate a large gain lift force, which is conducive to improving the aerodynamic efficiency of the system. The inward deflection of the lip obstructs the flow of air into the culvert, which will worsen the local aerodynamic environment and lead to serious air separation, increasing the power consumption of the system. However, the structure of the outward deflection of the lip (open culvert) better complies with the flow trend of air, helps to reduce aerodynamic interference, and improves the additional lift of the culvert, which is beneficial to improving the aerodynamic performance of the system.
Vibration characteristics analysis and structural optimization of bio-organic fertilizer mixer based on finite element method
Authors: He Hualong , Geni Mamtimin , Tohti Gulbahar
Published: August 2024

In order to solve the waste produced by grape planting and cattle and sheep breeding in the Turpan area, this paper puts forward an organic liquid fertilizer mixer, and analyzes the vibration characteristics of the main structure-mixing barrel and auger. The finite element model of the mixer structure is established by Ansys, and the modal analysis is carried out in combination with the actual application. The analysis structure shows that the minimum natural frequency of the mixer barrel is 51.993 Hz, the minimum natural frequency of the auger is 12.601 Hz, in which the natural frequency of the auger is less than its working frequency of 48.5 Hz, and there is resonance risk. To improve this problem, the structure of the mixing auger is optimized, the length of the auger is reduced, and the pipe thickness and diameter are increased. The improved modal analysis shows that the minimum natural frequency of the auger is 50.371 Hz, which avoids the working frequency and will not cause resonance.
The supporting structure strength analysis of indexing stamping machine for manufacturing thin-walled inverting steel tubes
Authors: Zhu Zijun , Cai Shenghang , Si Gaofeng , Yu Jiaxin , Zhu Hangtian , Zheng Yuqing
Published: August 2024

Due to the occurrence of cracks in thin-walled inverting steel tubes during the inverting process leading to fractures, thereby failing to achieve the desired energy absorption effect, they were often manufactured by interstitial stamping process with the manual rotation of thin-walled tubes to reduce stress concentration points, which is not conducive to mass production. Therefore it proposes a new design scheme of the indexing stamping machine for mass production of thin-walled inverting tubes. And the tube supporting structure of the indexing stamping machine will undergo shear stress and axial stress during manufacturing operation. To ensure that the machine can operate properly, ANSYS software is employed to conduct strength and stability analysis for the supporting structure. The calculation results indicate that the main supporting structure can meet the strength requirements of the thin-walled inverting tube forming machine. These study findings provide some references for optimizing the structure design for indexing stamping machines.
Optimization of sensor mounting position and pose in rotary kiln belt center measurement
Authors: Deng Yu , Luo Changliang
Published: August 2024

To solve the problem that the measurement accuracy of the center of the wheel belt decreases during the adjustment of the center axis of the rotary kiln, a method of sensor installation position optimization based on dynamic simulation analysis and a simple small model is proposed and implemented in this paper. In this method, the coordinates of the laser points on the surface of the belt are obtained by using the sensor laser beam, and then the center position of the belt is obtained by fitting the coordinates of 6 laser points on the surface of the belt. Then V-rep dynamic simulation software is used to analyze the coordinates of the center position of the wheel under different sensor installation positions to find the sensor installation positions closest to the actual center of the wheel. Finally, the simulation results are verified by a simple small model. The experimental results show that this method can reduce the influence of belt deformation on the measurement of the center of the belt and find the most suitable sensor installation position. Taking the wheel with an ellipticity of 0.16% as an example, under the optimized sensor orientation, the error of the Y direction of the center of the wheel is 0.4 mm, and the error of the Z direction of the center of the wheel is 0.73 mm. By this method, the center accuracy of the existing measuring wheel is optimized from about 2 mm to less than 1 mm.
Simulation analysis of CFD of composite pressure-resistant vessel pressure resistance and uplift process
Authors: Feng Qi , Su Zhen , Sheng Li , Jia Di
Published: August 2024

A pressure-resistant vessel is the core equipment of deep-diving equipment, which needs to have good pressure-resistant performance. In this paper, due to the problem that it is difficult to monitor the pressure-resistant vessel in the real diving process, we design a lightweight carbon fibre pressure-resistant vessel, construct a finite element model of the pressure-resistant vessel in deep diving, and carry out simulation and analysis, so as to provide a simulation test method for the real diving work. Specifically, the pressure-resistant vessel is subjected to finite element analysis at typical depths, and the floating process of the pressure-resistant vessel under different working conditions is simulated by using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and orthogonal tests. Comparison of the CFD simulation results with the orthogonal test results proves that the selected pressure-resistant vessel can meet the working requirements under different working conditions.