bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ТАМШЫЛАТЫП СУАРУ ЖАҒДАЙЫНДАҒЫ ЖҮГЕРІНІҢ ӨНІМДІЛІГІ
Authors: Оспанбаев* Ж. , Сембаева А.С. , Досжанова А.С. , Багжан А.Б.
Published: March 2022

Бұл мақалада, еліміздің оңтүстік-шығыс аймағы жағдайында әр түрлі суғару технологиясымен өсірілген жүгері буданының өсіп-даму ерекшеліктері қарастырылған. Вегетациялық кезеңінде тәжірибе нұсқалары бойынша топырақтағы қоректену элементтерінің құрамының өзгеруі, жүгері будандарының биомассалық салмақтары,  будандардың құрылымдық талдауы, фотосинтетикалық қасиеттері  және өнімділігі зерттелген. Жүгерінің вегетациялық кезеңі бойынша орташа тәуліктік температура 3160,7°С құрады. Жүгерінің Порумбень 458 буданының вегетациялық кезеңде күннің энергиясы 1610 МДж/м2 болды. Нәтижесінде, 220,92 ц/га құрғақ биомассаның жинақталуын қамтамассыз етті. Суару әдістері ашық-каштанды топырақтардың агрохимиялық қасиеттеріне елеулі әсерін тигізді. Топырақтың егістік қабатындағы гумустың мөлшері 1,77-2,10 %, тұрақсыз қарашіріктің мөлшері – 0,095-0,251%, жеңіл гидролизденетін азоттың мөлшері – 102-135 мг/кг, нитраттардың мөлшері –15,2-31,5 мг/кг, жылжымалы фосфор мөлшері – 14,8-24,7 мг/кг, ал алмасатын калий мөлшері – 295-385 мг/кг шамасында ауытқыды. Қоректендіру элементтерінің осындай көрсеткіштері кезінде көрсетілген өнімділік – 12,0-14,6 т/га құрады.

Су үнемдеудің бірден-бір жолы тамшылатып суару технологиясын жаппай енгізу және осы жаңа технологияны пайдалануда диқандарға қолдау көрсету. Бұл технология ағын су тапшылығын сездірмейді, суды 3-4 есе үнемдеумен қатар, ылғал мен қоректік заттарды өсімдіктің тамырына дәл жеткізіледі.
Radioecological monitoring and its role in ensuring the safety of nuclear power plants
Authors: Fesenko Sergey V. , Sanzharova Natalia I. , Karpenko Yevgeny I. , Isamov Nizametdin N. , Kuznetsov Vladimir K. , Panov Aleksey V. , Tsygvintsev Pavel N.
Published: March 2022

The article presents methodological approaches to the organization of radioecological monitoring in the regions where nuclear power plants are located. The analysis of the monitoring results at the Beloyarsk, Kursk, Leningrad and Rostov NPPs showed that the contribution of the natural radiation background to the public exposure dose is within a narrow range from 3.13 to 4.16 mSv per year, and the dose from the existing technogenic contamination varies from 0.47 μSv (Rostov NPP) up to 150 μSv per year (Beloyarsk NPP). The variability of the exposure doses is determined by the influence of natural climatic conditions and by differences in characteristics of contamination sources, including differences in electricity generation technologies. The technogenic radiation background in the area of the Beloyarsk NPP is determined by environmental contamination as a result of previous activities, whereas in the areas of the Leningrad NPP and the Kursk NPP it is associated with Chernobyl fallout (91 and 14 μSv per year, respectively). The contribution of NPPs to the existing technogenic radiation background varies from 1% (Rostov NPP) to 10–11% (Kursk and Beloyarsk NPPs).
A new species of Homatula (Teleostei, Cobitoidea, Nemacheilidae) from the Pearl River drainage, Yunnan, China
Authors: Min Rui , Zhao Yahui , Shi Jingsong , Yang Junxing
Published: March 2022

Based on morphological and molecular analysis of Homatula species distributed in the Nanpanjiang River in Yunnan, China, we described a new species, Homatula robustasp. nov. It differs from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: naked and robust body with well-developed crests (caudal peduncle depth as a percentage of its length: 70.5–78.5%); lateral line complete; median notch on lower jaw; median gap on lower lip; three pairs of short barbels, with maxillary barbels extending posteriorly to anterior edge of eyes; branched dorsal-fin rays 8½; and vertebrae 37–39. It can further be distinguished from H. nanpanjiangensis by several differences of the caudal skeleton such as the number of hypural elements, the presence of epurale and the shape of neural and haemal spines. Phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene indicated that the new species represents an independent lineage. It is separated from other Homatula species by a minimum of 5.3% Kimura-2-parameter distance in the COI gene. Furthermore, we confirmed that Homatula wenshanensis should be a member of Homatula based on both skeleton and molecular evidence.
The Reading Framework: Not the best guide to follow
Authors: Scott Wendy
Published: March 2022

Across a carefully detailed argument, the shortcomings, inconsistencies and contradictions of the government's recent Reading Framework are made clear in the light of a substantial body of academic research on the nature of reading and the development of literacy. The dogmatic
approach taken towards these issues by government and by Ofsted, not least in relation to initial teacher education and the place of phonicsteaching, is once again exposed. The article concludes by pointing readers towards recent writing which offers a better way forward for understanding
and nurturing early literacy.
From the FORUM archive The role of play
Authors: Gracie Margaret
Published: March 2022

In 'The role of play', the fifth article we are highlighting from the extensive FORUM archive available online, Maggie Gracie draws on material and observations she had collected during a year of study in an infant and reception class in the mid-1970s to develop ideas about the
need to enable pupils to develop genuine autonomy of action and independence of thought. Prevailing curricular structures in school undermine or inhibit this development. Teachers can and must change these structures, so as to limit their tendency to construct children as passive recipients
of a predetermined and self-sufficient learning experience. An important element in this construction is the teacher's own prior mastery of what it is the pupil is learning. Gracie considers how this inevitable imbalance in knowledge and understanding can be circumvented through play and in
opportunities for artistic expression: 'When they play and when they paint, the children have few constraints on their power to formulate ideas, experiment with them and evaluate the results'. However, play tends to be regarded as less educationally important than the (inevitably teacher-directed)
work of engaging with reading, writing and numeracy, thereby undermining the value accorded to pupils' independent and autonomous thinking and action. Gracie's account, tentative and preliminary though it is, serves to remind us of the need to value play in our own day, and to rebut a policy
of 'school readiness'.
A combinatorial approach to Rauzy-type dynamics II: The labelling method and a second proof of the KZB classification theorem
Authors: De Mourgues Quentin
Published: March 2022

Rauzy-type dynamics are group actions on a collection of combinatorial objects. The first and best known example (the Rauzy dynamics) concerns an action on permutations, associated to interval exchange transformations (IET) for the Poincaré map on compact orientable translation surfaces. The equivalence classes on the objects induced by the group action have been classified by Kontsevich and Zorich, and by Boissy through methods involving both combinatorics algebraic geometry, topology and dynamical systems. Our precedent paper [5] as well as the one of Fickenscher [8] proposed an ad hoc combinatorial proof of this classification.

However, unlike those two previous combinatorial proofs, we develop in this paper a general method, called the labelling method, which allows one to classify Rauzy-type dynamics in a much more systematic way. We apply the method to the Rauzy dynamics and obtain a third combinatorial proof of the classification. The method is versatile and will be used to classify three other Rauzy-type dynamics in follow-up works.

Another feature of this paper is to introduce an algorithmic method to work with the sign invariant of the Rauzy dynamics. With this method, we can prove most of the identities appearing in the literature so far ([10], [6], [2], [5]...) in an automatic way.
On decomposition of ambient surfaces admitting $ A $-diffeomorphisms with non-trivial attractors and repellers
Authors: Grines Vyacheslav , Mints Dmitrii
Published: March 2022

It is well-known that there is a close relationship between the dynamics of diffeomorphisms satisfying the axiom \begin{document}$ A $\end{document} and the topology of the ambient manifold. In the given article, this statement is considered for the class \begin{document}$ \mathbb G(M^2) $\end{document} of \begin{document}$ A $\end{document}-diffeomorphisms of closed orientable connected surfaces, the non-wandering set of each of which consists of \begin{document}$ k_f\geq 2 $\end{document} connected components of one-dimensional basic sets (attractors and repellers). We prove that the ambient surface of every diffeomorphism \begin{document}$ f\in \mathbb G(M^2) $\end{document} is homeomorphic to the connected sum of \begin{document}$ k_f $\end{document} closed orientable connected surfaces and \begin{document}$ l_f $\end{document} two-dimensional tori such that the genus of each surface is determined by the dynamical properties of appropriating connected component of a basic set and \begin{document}$ l_f $\end{document} is determined by the number and position of bunches, belonging to all connected components of basic sets. We also prove that every diffeomorphism from the class \begin{document}$ \mathbb G(M^2) $\end{document} is \begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document}-stable but is not structurally stable.
Particle approximation of one-dimensional Mean-Field-Games with local interactions
Authors: Francesco Marco Di , Duisembay Serikbolsyn , Gomes Diogo Aguiar , Ribeiro Ricardo
Published: March 2022

We study a particle approximation for one-dimensional first-order Mean-Field-Games (MFGs) with local interactions with planning conditions. Our problem comprises a system of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation coupled with a transport equation. As we deal with the planning problem, we prescribe initial and terminal distributions for the transport equation. The particle approximation builds on a semi-discrete variational problem. First, we address the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the semi-discrete variational problem. Next, we show that our discretization preserves some previously identified conserved quantities. Finally, we prove that the approximation by particle systems preserves displacement convexity. We use this last property to establish uniform estimates for the discrete problem. We illustrate our results for the discrete problem with numerical examples.
A geometric multiscale model for the numerical simulation of blood flow in the human left heart
Authors: Zingaro Alberto , Fumagalli Ivan , Dede Luca , Fedele Marco , Africa Pasquale C. , Corno Antonio F. , Quarteroni Alfio
Published: March 2022

We present a new computational model for the numerical simulation of blood flow in the human left heart. To this aim, we use the Navier-Stokes equations in an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation to account for the endocardium motion and we model the cardiac valves by means of the Resistive Immersed Implicit Surface method. To impose a physiological displacement of the domain boundary, we use a 3D cardiac electromechanical model of the left ventricle coupled to a lumped-parameter (0D) closed-loop model of the remaining circulation. We thus obtain a one-way coupled electromechanics-fluid dynamics model in the left ventricle. To extend the left ventricle motion to the endocardium of the left atrium and to that of the ascending aorta, we introduce a preprocessing procedure according to which an harmonic extension of the left ventricle displacement is combined with the motion of the left atrium based on the 0D model. To better match the 3D cardiac fluid flow with the external blood circulation, we couple the 3D Navier-Stokes equations to the 0D circulation model, obtaining a multiscale coupled 3D-0D fluid dynamics model that we solve via a segregated numerical scheme. We carry out numerical simulations for a healthy left heart and we validate our model by showing that meaningful hemodynamic indicators are correctly reproduced.
CapsNet-COVID19: Lung CT image classification method based on CapsNet model
Authors: Zhang XiaoQing ,   Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Taizhou Technology Institute, Taizhou 225300, China, Wang GuangYu , Zhao Shu-Guang ,   Donghua University, College of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai 201620, China
Published: March 2022

The outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to human health and life around the world. As the number of COVID-19 cases continues to increase, many countries are facing problems such as errors in nucleic acid testing (RT-PCR), shortage of testing reagents, and lack of testing personnel. In order to solve such problems, it is necessary to propose a more accurate and efficient method as a supplement to the detection and diagnosis of COVID-19. This research uses a deep network model to classify some of the COVID-19, general pneumonia, and normal lung CT images in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Information Database. The first level of the model uses convolutional neural networks to locate lung regions in lung CT images. The second level of the model uses the capsule network to classify and predict the segmented images. The accuracy of our method is 84.291% on the test set and 100% on the training set. Experiment shows that our classification method is suitable for medical image classification with complex background, low recognition rate, blurred boundaries and large image noise. We believe that this classification method is of great value for monitoring and controlling the growth of patients in COVID-19 infected areas.
Optimal Discounting
Authors: Noor Jawwad , Takeoka Norio
Published: March 2022

The agent is modeled as a current self that optimally incurs a cognitive cost of empathizing with future selves. The model unifies well‐known experimental and empirical findings in intertemporal choice and enriches the multiple selves model with a notion of self‐control. The defining feature of the model is magnitude‐decreasing impatience: greater patience toward larger rewards. Two behavioral definitions of magnitude‐decreasing impatience are provided and the model is characterized under each of them.
Are Medical Care Prices Still Declining? A Re‐Examination Based on Cost‐Effectiveness Studies
Authors: Dunn Abe , Hall Anne , Dauda Seidu
Published: March 2022

More than two decades ago, a well‐known study on heart attack treatments provided evidence suggesting that, when appropriately adjusted for quality, medical care prices were actually declining (Cutler, McClellan, Newhouse, and Remler (1998)). Our paper revisits this subject by leveraging estimates from more than 8000 cost‐effectiveness studies across a broad range of conditions and treatments. We find large quality‐adjusted price declines associated with treatment innovations. To incorporate these quality‐adjusted indexes into an aggregate measure of inflation, we combine an unadjusted medical‐care price index, quality‐adjusted price indexes from treatment innovations, and proxies for the diffusion rate of new technologies. In contrast to official statistics that suggest medical care prices increased by 0.53 percent per year relative to economy‐wide inflation from 2000 to 2017, we find that quality‐adjusted medical care prices declined by 1.33 percent per year over the same period.
Multivariate Rational Inattention
Authors: Miao Jianjun , Wu Jieran , Young Eric R.
Published: March 2022

We study optimal control problems in the multivariate linear‐quadratic‐Gaussian framework under rational inattention. We propose a three‐step procedure to solve this problem using semidefinite programming and derive the optimal signal structure without strong prior restrictions. We analyze both the transition dynamics of the optimal posterior covariance matrix and its steady state. We characterize the optimal information structure for some special cases and develop numerical algorithms for general cases. Applying our methods to solve three multivariate economic models, we obtain some results qualitatively different from the literature.
The Pandemic COVID-19 and Its Impact on Indian Agricultural Sectors
Authors: Mishra Debesh , Satapathy Suchismita
Published: March 2022

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a major panic among the agricultural sectors as well as the farmers in India owing to its’ transmissions, severity, and a lack of proper treatment methodology. From the cross-sectional study with the help of designed questionnaire relating to the “demographic-information”, ”knowledge, attitudes and practices” of Indian farmers and “DASS-21 variables”, the data from 143 farmers’ were collected and analyzed. Further, by using the "Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)" approach, an ISM model was developed followed by MICMAC analysis for possible mitigation measures during this pandemic outbreak. The findings provided the interrelationships among the possible mitigation measures for the farmers as well as for the benefits in Indian agricultures, which can be suitably used in appropriate psychological-interventions preparation for improving the mental-health among the farmers during this pandemic period.
Research on the Differences in the Value Correlation of Accounting Data Under the Background of COVID-19
Authors: Zheng Danting , Tan Xianhua , Zhu Yuanyuan , Li Dongmei , Na Sang-Gyun
Published: March 2022

In today's highly developed world of financial globalization, international capital flows in my country and the entire Asia-Pacific region are gradually increasing. The stock market is an important part of the capital market. The stock market has gradually improved its capital liquidity. With the improvement of the investment environment in the international capital market and the gradual relaxation of capital controls, with the development of the "Belt and Road" development concept, Thailand has gradually chosen to buy and sell shares of Chinese investors. What investors need to consider is how to achieve capital appreciation. Investors need to consider how to achieve capital appreciation. However, a sudden new crown pneumonia epidemic broke the peace and excitement that the New Year should have, and also brought a great impact on the stock market. Of course, the stock market is affected by many factors. There are some problems here, such as the experience of the Chinese stock market.
Professionalism, ethics and good medical practice: from lofty ideals to bedside medicine
Authors: Dissanayake A.S. , Rajapakse I.H. , Mihiran D.J.D.
Published: March 2022

“The difficulty with teaching medical professionalism is that there seems to be no agreement on what the term exactly means”Catherine D DeAngelis, Editor in Chief Emerita, JAMA
The new oral antiviral agents for COVID-19
Authors: Seneviratne S.L. , Dalugama C. , Madanayake P. , Samaraweera B. , Kariyawasam J. , Abeysuriya V.
Published: March 2022

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), has so far affected more than 275 million individuals globally and caused over 5.3 million deaths. With an effective vaccine, disease and infection could be prevented, whereas with antivirals and monoclonal antibodies, disease progression could be mitigated. In recent months, there has been much interest in evaluating the use of oral antivirals, in those having mild disease and associated risk factors for disease progression (such as multiple comorbidities), in view of preventing severe COVID-19. Our review discusses the known properties and identified effectiveness of three oral antiviral drugs (Molnupiravir, Paxlovid and AT-527) for COVID-19 (as at end of December 2021) and explores their potential role in mitigating the ill effects of the on-going COVID-19 pandemic.
Improving decision making, communication and documentation regarding advanced resuscitation decisions in a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Appuhamy S. , Hewage D.
Published: March 2022

Background: Resuscitation decisions made in advance are especially important to prevent negative patient outcomes at end-of-life. We conducted a clinical audit to assess the current practice of these decisions in Sri Lanka and then introduced interventions to improve the same.Methods: An auditor-administered questionnaire developed through a focused group discussion among experts was used to analyse the medical records of deaths during a period of sixty days focusing on advanced resuscitation decisions and factors affecting them. The junior doctors directly involved in the care of each patient were interviewed regarding their retrospective judgement about the most appropriate resuscitation decision, which was later compared with the decision of an expert panel, who decided on the most appropriate resuscitation decision based on the medical records of the patient. An educational session for doctors was then conducted to improve their knowledge about advanced resuscitation decisions including the importance of meticulous documentation of such decisions. The outcome was assessed after sixty days following the introduction of the intervention using the same questionnaire.Results: There was a significant improvement in the number of documented advanced resuscitation decisions from 4/40 (10%) to 17/38 (44.73%) (Z=3.5, P=0.0006), with a significant increase in DNACPR decisions from 4/40 (10%) to 14/38 (36.8%) (Z= 2.8, P=0.005) following the intervention. Unsuccessful CPR attempts decreased significantly from 31/40 (77.5%) to 14/38 (36.8%) (Z=3.6, P=0.0003) in the post-intervention period. The resuscitation decisions suggested by junior doctors that matched with expert decisions increased significantly for both interns ((from 11/40 (27.5%) to 22/38 (57.9%) (Z=2.7, P=0.0066)) and registrars ((18/40 (45%) to 27/38 (71.05%) (Z=2.3, P=0.0202)) in the post-intervention period.Conclusion: Documentation and practice regarding advanced resuscitation decisions are suboptimal in Sri Lanka. This can be improved by interventions targeting improving the knowledge about the concept and its proper documentation among health care professionals.
Challenges in tomato cultivation and marketing: a thematic analysis
Authors: Hensman Grace H.
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to identify the challenges in the cultivation and marketing of tomatoes and the marketing mechanisms for the surplus production of tomatoes. This paper uses in-depth interviews with twenty-eight farmers and nine agricultural officials in different parts of Jaffna district. Focus group discussion was conducted to explore themes; six sub-themes were identified under two broad themes. Climatic changes, Modern technology adaptation, price fluctuation, and institutionalized policy, product diversification, and systematic marketing mechanisms were the identified sub-themes in this research study. Different strategies to overcome the climatic changes should be developed. As observed, local level adaptation and farm management system should be adapted in tomato farming system. Creation of an economic center in the region is very useful in order to avoid price fluctuations and losses faced by the farmers. Government should make policies to put up a processing center which in turn will give many employment opportunities for the youths and tomato farmers in the region.
Physics-Based Structural Health Monitoring Digital Twin for Seismically Vulnerable Fixed Offshore Structures
Authors: Bartholomew Edward Kawos @ , Lim Eu Shawn , Toloue Iraj , Liew Mohd Shahir , Danyaro Kamaluddeen Usman , Chan Kar Mun , Ling Seng Wah
Published: March 2022

An Autonomous Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) System for Fixed Offshore Structures is a tool used to monitor the state or the health of a structure in terms of its integrity and strength in an automated manner. An SHM system framework comprises of software and hardware integration equipped with IoT capability to collect raw data, online data transmittal to onshore, a back-end engine to process data into useful engineering information and display the monitoring results through engineering parameters and digital twinning, which emulates the real condition of the structure offshore. The prominent monitoring method for a structure's strength is through global monitoring, using structural modal properties as the measuring parameter to indentify a certain structure's global integrity, specifically using its natural frequency. This paper aims to layout the framework of an autonomous SHM system for global monitoring which is implemented onto a seismically vulnerable fixed offshore structure.
Synthesis of Zeolites from Production Sand Waste: The Circular Model for Oil and Gas Exploration and Production
Authors: Watcharasing Sunisa , Wattanakit Chularat , Salakhum Saros , Prasertsab Anittha , Kiattikomol Prapoj
Published: March 2022

This project aims to convert production sand waste from oil & gas exploration & production process to be high value silica-based product, Zeolites, and explore opportunities to lower amount of sand waste disposal to landfill. This is one key item in Circular Model for Oil & Gas Exploration & Production. Zeolites is a microporous crystalline aluminosilicate material, which possess a superior characteristic in terms of high surface area. Therefore, it is widely utilized in many industries such as adsorbent, ion exchange, and catalysts in oil refining and petrochemical industry.

In this work, various types of zeolites were synthesized from PTTEP production sand waste, to prove concept of turning sand waste to high value-added product, called zeolite. In normal operation, sand waste was sent to dispose as landfill about 50 Ton/annual. To synthesize zeolite from sand waste, there are three main steps, which are 1) Sand Pretreatment, 2) Silica Extraction, and 3) Zeolite Synthesis. Firstly, sand waste from petroleum production were pretreated by water and acid washing. Then, nanosilica was extracted out from pretreated sand by boiling the pretreated sand in NaOH solution at temperature 150 C for 4 hrs, then precipitate them to get the nanosilica substances. It was further used as a reactant source for zeolite synthesis. In the last step, the extracted silica was reacted with Structure Directing Agent (SDA); zeolite template, under optimal condition of hydrothermal treatment process to obtain zeolites product.

Zeolites synthesis from production sand waste was firstly initiated and successfully achieved in lab phase, to prove of concept for extracting silica source as a substance for zeolite synthesis. Various types of zeolites (Silicalite-1, ZSM-5, Faujasite (FAU), Mordenite, and Zeolite A) can be synthesized from PTTEP sand waste with synthesis yield 80%, 68%, 85%, 40%, and 81%, respectively. This indicates that silica source from production sand waste can be utilized as a reactant source for zeolites synthesis. The next phase of prototype unit is under design phase, to allow unit can be operated more versatile, and automatically run. From this novel technology, it is expected to reduce an amount of production sand waste disposal out from separator to landfill about 50 Ton/year. The synthesized zeolites from prototype phase will be further applied in many potential applications such as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment process, as catalyst, and moisture adsorbent in oil & gas dehydration unit. New findings and requirements discovered during the prototype test will be used to iteratively optimize and improve the design of the sand to zeolites process for future industrial-scale implementation.
Rapid Characterisation of Fractures and Reservoir Properties using Automatic History Matching: An Investigation of Different Production Performance in Hydraulically Fractured Wells in Sirikit Oil Field
Authors: Tripoppoom Sutthaporn , Pattarasinpaiboon Voramet , Wantawin Marut , Charoenniwesnukul Kritsada , Ngamkamollert Krit
Published: March 2022

Recently, many hydraulic fracturing has been executed in Sirikit oil field (S1), an onshore oil field in Thailand, to unlock the production from tight sands. However, production performances of each stimulated well were varied despite a similar fracturing technique. The variation may be due to different fracture geometry, fracture properties, and reservoir properties. Although these parameters are critical in optimizing fracturing design, they are unfortunately difficult to be quantified by analytical method, especially the diagnostic of hydraulic fracture after having actual production data.

To answer this question, we leveraged the automatic history match (AHM) scheme based on Neural Network-Markov Chain Monte Carlo (NN-MCMC). We utilized the production data to characterize fractures and reservoir properties and stochastically quantify their uncertainty.The framework is based on a practical and efficient iterative workflow that integrates four main stages: (1) Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) preprocessing for the best fracture characterization over Local Grid Refinement (LGR), (2) multiphase fluid reservoir simulation, (3) neural network application for generating proxy models, and (4) proxy-based Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for screening the best stochastic solutions.

Three wells from the same wellsite and hydraulic fracturing campaign were selected for a study. Uncertain parameters including hydraulic fractures geometry and properties, reservoir permeability, water saturation and relative permeability curves were included for automatic history matching. Rapid uncertainty quantification was completed by screening through 1 million realizations and proposed only 325 realizations to be validated with reservoir simulation.

The automatic history matching was executed and required running time less than a day for each well. The posterior distributions of uncertain parameters emphasizing most likely values and their uncertainty were obtained. The difference in fractures and reservoir properties were obtained. Also, the production forecast for each well can be performed probabilistically based on multiple history matching solutions.

The automatic history matching workflow could extract the valuable information of fractures and reservoir geometry from production data, which does not require any additional cost. This characterization of fracture geometry and properties, integrating with other methods, can help optimizing fracturing and improving completion design in hydraulically fractured wells in Sirikit oil field in the future.
Design Optimisation of Deep Pile Foundations Installed by Static Forces
Authors: Huisman Marco , Ottolini Marius , Cerfontaine Benjamin , Brown Michael John , Davidson Craig , Sharif Yaseen , Robinson Scott
Published: March 2022

This paper presents preliminary experimental and analytical investigations of the push-in pile concept, which aims at installing piles in the offshore environment without significant underwater noise. The concept replaces a large diameter pile with a cluster of closely spaced smaller piles. The piles are installed progressively by cycles of jacking. During each cycle, a pile is successively pushed downwards or moved upwards while used as a reaction pile. This process was physically modelled in a geotechnical beam centrifuge and a predictive model was developed and calibrated against these tests. A parametric study was then undertaken to optimise the cluster design and reduce the tool weight necessary to achieve a given installation depth or cluster capacity. Smaller pile diameters are more beneficial to reduce the necessary tool weight during the cluster installation, but require considerably longer piles to achieve the target capacity. The full optimisation of a cost-effective pile cluster will require additional constraints, such as the lateral capacity (not investigated here) and expected installation time.
A Modelling Study of Hamakaze Fowt
Authors: Teo Wei Ywin , Ong Paul Pang Awn
Published: March 2022

Offshore wind farms are venturing into deeper water, where wind is steadier and stronger, to tap on more wind energy. The installation of wind turbines in deeper waters requires the use of a floating wind turbine. Designing the floating platforms is challenging as dynamic effects waves, wind, and currents, have to be considered. Hydrodynamic behaviours can only be modelled accurately in time domain analysis, which requires an immense computational effort, when several load cases are taken into consideration. A more efficient approach is to first conduct stability analysis to identify the modal frequencies, and subsequently carry out time domain analysis using those modal frequencies.

This paper describes a static study and time domain analysis on an innovative offshore spar turbine with hulls. Ansys Aqwa, a finite-element software, is used to study a model proposed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. The key objective is to explore a more cost-effective offshore platform by investigating the relationship between the geometry of hulls and the responses of the platform.
CFD-Based Simulations of Hydrodynamic Behaviors of a Floating Barge Near Shore
Authors: Teng YihJeng , Tan Jaime HuiChoo
Published: March 2022

This paper presents Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based simulations of the hydrodynamic behaviors of a floating barge in shallow waters on an inclined seabed near shore. The hull hydrodynamic behaviors with respect to water depth are quantified by evaluation of the hydrodynamic coefficients, i.e., added mass, viscous damping coefficients, and current drag coefficients, which are required for the prediction of hull motion responses and mooring loads of the barge. CFD simulations are performed to predict the hull hydrodynamic coefficients with consideration of the actual seabed conditions, including water depth and varying bathymetry. Added mass and viscous damping coefficients are calculated using forced harmonic oscillations, while current drag coefficient is obtained using steady current flow simulation. These hydrodynamic coefficients are calculated for three of the six degrees of freedom (DOFs), i.e., surge, sway, and yaw of the hull.

By considering three different nearshore water depths with a flat seabed and two inclined seabeds, the hull added mass, viscous damping, and current drag coefficients are quantified and compared against the coefficients in deepwater conditions. The hydrodynamic coefficients are found to be significantly affected by shallow water depths. Overall trends show exponential increase of added mass and viscous damping coefficients as water depth reduces. There is a further linear increase in the coefficients when the seabed bathymetry changes from flat to inclined, particularly when the water depth to hull draft ratio is less than 4.50. Similarly, current drag coefficients increase with decreasing water depths for flat seabed conditions, while for inclined seabed conditions, they may increase or decrease depending on the directions with respect to the shore and the current heading.

This paper demonstrates the efficiency of CFD simulations in predicting a floating barge’s hydrodynamic behaviors in shallow water conditions, including varying nearshore bathymetry and viscous effects. The CFD simulation methodologies presented may be extended for the hydrodynamic behavior assessments of other nearshore floating structures such as Floating Offshore Liquefied Gas Terminals (FLGTs), Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRUs), and floating wind turbine structures.
Internal Sound Pressure Level Estimation Considering Design Through Computational Aeroacoustics
Authors: Macchion Olivier Jean , Stachyra Leszek Lukasz , Morand Henri
Published: March 2022

Subsea chokes differ from the standard choke designs that can be found in for example the IEC 60534-8-3 standard, due to their geometry but also due to the environment. Contrary to topside chokes where monitoring for sound and vibration can be carried out in a relatively straightforward manner, noise and vibration monitoring is not easily executed subsea, which means that the estimate of the generated noise needs to be calculated, or extrapolated in some way from lab data.

Computational methods to validate designs often provide an alternative method to physical validation testing when size or recreating particular environments are impractical. However, to be able to use computational analysis for this purpose, it is essential to ensure that a sound and benchmarked methodology is applied. This paper discusses an optimized methodology that combines Computational Aeroacoustics and IEC 60534-8-3 for the estimation of the internal sound pressure level (SPL) generated by choke valves.

Three broad types of tools (all broadband models) are available to estimate hydrodynamic induced SPL, namely: 1) one-way coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), 2) acoustic solvers, 3) two-way coupled CFD and acoustic solvers, also called Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) solvers. Out of these three types, CAA accounts for both the geometry of the equipment generating the internal SPL, but also models the complex interaction between hydrodynamics and acoustics, including tones generated by cavities. While the advantage in terms of output is significant, CAA comes at a large computational cost due to the requirements in space and time discretization that must be satisfied to properly resolve the frequency range from 12.5 Hz to 20 kHz.

The CAA methodology presented in this paper is validated against two sets of data obtained in laboratory conditions for Mach numbers ranging from 0.08 to 0.36. Then the same methodology is applied to the specific design of the choke valve. The obtained outputs in form of an acoustical efficiency and peak frequency are then used to tune the IEC 60534-8-3 method, this allows accurate estimation of internal SPL for the given geometry. The combination of the CAA and IEC enables efficient consideration of the actual geometry of the choke with regards to internal SPL prediction against a wider range of conditions without requiring a larger set CAA calculations.

The methodology presented in this paper can be applied to similar problems ensuring faster and more accurate results compared to the other available industry practices like physical testing.
NLRC4 Deficiency Leads to Enhanced Phosphorylation of MLKL and Necroptosis
Authors: Sundaram Balamurugan , Karki Rajendra , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi
Published: March 2022

Hosts rely on the innate immune system to clear pathogens in response to infection. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns bind to innate immune receptors and engage activation of downstream signaling to initiate a host immune response to fight infection. A key component of this innate response is programmed cell death. Recent work has highlighted significant cross-talk and functional redundancy between cell death pathways, leading to the discovery of PANoptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death pathway dependent on PANoptosomes, which are innate immune danger-sensing complexes that activate inflammatory cell death and contain caspases with or without inflammasome components and receptor interacting protein homotypic interaction motif–containing proteins. Although PANoptosis has been characterized in response to a growing number of pathogens, inflammatory diseases, and cancer, its role and the functional consequences of PANoptotic component modulation during NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) activation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection remain unknown. In this study, we show that P. aeruginosa can induce PANoptosis in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs). Only the combined deletion of caspase-1, -11, -8, and RIPK3 protected mouse BMDMs from cell death. Moreover, we showed that PANoptotic components act in a compensatory manner; in the absence of NAIP5 and NLRC4 during P. aeruginosa challenge, activation of caspase-1, -3, -7, and -8 was reduced, whereas alternative cell death molecules such as RIPK1 and MLKL were activated in mouse BMDMs. Taken together, these data highlight the extensive cross-talk between cell death signaling molecules and showcase the plasticity of the system.
Previous Functional Social and Behavioral Rhythms Affect Resilience to Covid-19-Related Stress among Old Adults
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Fornaro Michele , Minerba Luigi , Pau Massimiliano , Velluzzi Fernanda , Atzori Laura , Aviles Gonzalez Cesar Ivan , Romano Ferdinando , Littera Roberto , Chessa Luchino , Firinu Davide , Del Giacco Stefano , Restivo Angelo , Deidda Simona , Orrù Germano , Scano Alessandra , Onali Simona , Coghe Ferdinando , Kalcev Goce , Cossu Giulia
Published: March 2022

Background

Functioning of Social Behavioral Rhythms (SBRs) may affect resilience toward stressful events across different age groups. However, the impact of SBRs on the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in elder people is yet to ascertain, representing the aim of the present report.

Design and methods

Follow-up of a peer-reviewed randomized controlled trial on exercise on old adults (365 years), concurrent to the onset of the pandemic-related lockdown. Post-RCT evaluations occurred after further 12 and 36 weeks since the beginning of the lockdown phase. People with Major Depressive Episode (MDE) atweek-48 (follow-up endpoint)were deemed as cases, people without such condition were considered controls. MDE was ascertained using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); SBRs functioning at week 12 onward, through the Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS).

Results

Seventy-nine individuals (53.2%, females) entered the RCT-follow-up phase. The frequency of MDE did not significantly change before versus during lockdown (OR 2.60, CI95%=0.87-9.13). People with BSRS>1 standard deviation of the whole sample score atweek-12 had an inflated risk of DE during lockdown (OR=5.6, 95%CI:1.5-21.4) compared to those with lower BSRS scores. Such odd hold after excluding individuals with MDD at week-12. The post-hoc analysis could be potentially affected by selection bias.

Conclusions

Overall, older adults were resilient during the first phase of the pandemic when functioning of pre-lockdown was still preserved, in contrast to the subsequent evaluations when the impairment of daily rhythms was associated with impaired reliance.
Clinical Education Coordinators' Selection and Deselection Criteria of Clinical Education Experiences
Authors: Benedict Jennifer E. , Neil Elizabeth R. , Dougal Zachary J. , Walker Stacy E. , Eberman Lindsey E.
Published: March 2022

Context

Athletic training students have identified clinical education as the most important aspect of their education when transitioning to practice. However, athletic training students have been frustrated with a lack of engagement, mentorship, and diversity within their clinical education experiences. As such, the selection and deselection of clinical sites is critical to creating effective learning experiences.

Objective

To explore how clinical education coordinators (CECs) select and deselect clinical education experiences (sites and preceptors) for clinical integration and immersion.

Design

Consensual qualitative research.

Setting

Individual teleconference interviews.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirteen CECs (age = 42 ± 8 years, experience in current role = 8 ± 8 years) from accredited professional master's programs who were in their position for at least 1 year and had at least 1 immersive rotation.

Data Collection and Analysis

All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. A 3-person data analysis team used a multiphase process to identify the emerging domains and categories. Trustworthiness was established through member checking, multiple researcher triangulation, and auditing.

Results

Two themes emerged from the participant responses: accreditation compliance and strategic choices. We found participants expressed the theme of accreditation compliance as a major facilitator when selecting or deselecting clinical education placements. Strategic choices, such as student aspirations and focus on the quantity over the quality, were used by CECs to select clinical education placements which develop student autonomy and provide diverse experiences. However, the CECs engaged in convenient preceptor selection based on geographical location and previous relationships.

Conclusion(s)

Our findings suggest CECs leverage convenient clinical education opportunities that comply with accreditation expectations. CECs should be strategically selecting clinical education opportunities that move beyond accreditation minimum standards and focus on high-quality experiential learning, which leads to autonomous practice and embraces the diversity of the profession.
Time to antibiotic administration in children with febrile neutropenia: Report from a low middle-income country
Authors: Todurkar Namrata , Trehan Amita , Bansal Deepak
Published: March 2022

Background & objectives:

Antibiotic administration within one hour of presentation is a standard of care goal in the treatment of febrile neutropenia (FN). The objective of this study was to find the proportion of children with FN who had a time to antibiotic administration (TTA) of ≤60 min and evaluate causes for delay.

Methods:

A prospective analysis of children presenting with FN was carried out. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who received antibiotics within one hour of triage. Predictor variables included the place of presentation, time and day of the week. A root cause analysis was done for delayed TTA.

Results:

A total of 211 children (mean age: 6 yr) with FN were evaluated for TTA. The primary outcome of TTA, (≤60 min) was achieved in 66 per cent children. The odds of delayed TTA were lower when patients were evaluated in the night. Odds of delayed TTA were higher in patients who had no focus of infection, when assessed in the oncology daycare and when assessed over the weekend, but none were statistically significant. Waiting for blood results (30%), delay in preparing antibiotics (21%) and delay in allotting bed (30%) were significant causes for delay.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Two-thirds of the patients achieved the target TTA of ≤60 min. Patients seen during the daytime and on weekends had a delay in TTA compared to those presenting at the evening or night or weekdays. Children with a focus for fever received antibiotics earlier. Logistics for admission and awaiting blood counts were chief causes for delay.
A strange conversation
Authors: Matolino Bernard
Published: March 2022

Jonathan Chimakonam’s advocacy of conversational thinking has taken African philosophy by storm. It is not an exaggeration to say that no one working in African philosophy, today, can say they are unaware of the so-called Conversational Society of Philosophy (CSP). Equally, I doubt if anyone working in the field could ever say they are not aware of the name Johnathan Chimakonam. His courageous effort to advance a particular form of thinking in the African philosophical tradition is a welcome innovation. While I admire his efforts, I remain unconvinced by some of his claims. Two important claims will be the target of my discussion. The first is his insistence on using very strange language in the pursuit of a conversation. The second is his insistence that his methodology is different from other forms of philosophizing.
What is this thing called the System of Conversational Thinking (SCT)? a reply to critics
Authors: O Chimakonam Jonathan
Published: March 2022

This essay is an attempt to address some concerns raised in rejoinders to my theory. I summarise the main concerns in the question, “What is this thing called the System of Conversational Thinking?” Three respectable colleagues, Chad Harris, Bruce Janz and Bernard Matolino have articulated some critical questions, which they hope that in addressing them, I would come to improve the System of Conversational Thinking considerably. In this essay, I would reply to their criticisms, but more specifically, I would clarify my position, counter some of their objections and deepen my thought in some places. My method would chiefly consist of exposition, argumentation and conversation.