bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of the Consortium Bacteria as A Domestic Waste Water Bioremediation Agent
Authors: Sanjaya Eli Hendrik , Elchamida Annisa , Saputri Dita Ayu Eka , Prabaningtyas Sitoresmi , Witjoro Agung , Susanti Evi
Published: July 2024

Along with the increasing population in Indonesia, there has been an increase in domestic waste production. It is necessary to treat wastewater before it goes to the environment to prevent pollution of the environment. This research was conducted to investigate the potential of isolates A, B, and L from the Biology Department Universitas Negeri Malang as a bacterial consortium in decomposing domestic waste with the aerobic system to remove Chemical Oxygen Demand using a batch system. Experimental trials were carried out using synthetic domestic waste with variations in bacterial formulation treatments and starter doses. The results show that a more stable COD reduction performance was obtained in the batch test process. Sequentially, the COD reduction data efficiency includes B 20% (88.65%), L 20% (84.2%), A 10% (80%), A 20% (79.92%), ABL 10% (72.3%), B 10% (25.67%), ABL 20% (-10.87%), with the greatest efficiency occurring in the L10% treatment at 89.76%. The genotype analysis shows that A, B, and L isolates were identified as Alcaligenes ammonioxydans
Biotransformation of Isoeugenol Into Vanillin and its Derivatives Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an Enzyme Biocatalyst Agent: Effect of Substrate Concentration and Incubation Time
Authors: Rahman Mochamad Hendy Fathur , Iftitah Elvina Dhiaul , Roosdiana Anna , Wulandari Selvia Eka
Published: July 2024

Isoeugenol (2-methoxy-4-[(E)-prop-1-enyl] phenol) is a compound resulting from the isomerization of eugenol contained in clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum). Isoeugenol can be used as a precursor for vanillin biosynthesis through the biotransformation pathway. In this research, the biotransformation of isoeugenol was carried out using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an enzyme- biocatalyst agent. The parameters used in this research include the effect of substrate concentrations of 0.5; 1; 1.5; and 2% v/v, incubation times of 24; 48; 72; and 96 hours, as well as extracting solvents with ethyl acetate and chloroform. The determination of substrate concentration was carried out at an incubation time of 24 hours, and then the characterization results with the best product concentration were used to determine the incubation time. The results of qualitative identification and characterization show that with increasing the substrate concentration, it can cause decreasing the target biotransformation results. The 1% concentration treatment with the most concentrated magenta-purple color intensity from the Schiff reagent test and the most concentrated intensity of the TLC stain has more potential to produce vanillin products with an area of 0.51% (ethyl acetate) and 0.36% (chloroform), as well as vanillyl methyl ketone with an area of 1.38% (ethyl acetate) and 4.91% (chloroform). On the other hand, increasing the incubation time can reduce the target biotransformation product. The 72 hours incubation time treatment produced vanillin 0.19% (ethyl acetate) and 0.74 (chloroform), as well as vanillyl methyl ketone 1.96% (ethyl acetate), and no vanillyl methyl ketone was produced in the chloroform solvent. In the biotransformation carried out, the substrate concentration was 1% and the incubation time was 24 hours in the chloroform extracting solvent, which became a more potential condition to produce the target biotransformation product with a substrate conversion of 5.27%, which was selective for vanillyl methyl ketone at 93.17% and vanillin at 6.83%.
The effects of dietary compliance counseling on calorie consumption in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Setyoadi Setyoadi , Efendi Ferry , Haryanto Joni , Fatmawati Siti , Kristianingrum Niko Dima , Nasution Tina Handayani , Ismail Dina Dewi Sartika Lestari
Published: July 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires dietary compliance to manage elevated blood glucose levels. In calorie counseling, a client and counselor have conversations about calorie consumption problems related to type 2 diabetes. The study aimed to evaluate how calorie counseling affected T2DM patients’ adherence to their diets. A quasi-experimental design was employed to randomly assign 40 T2DM patients to the intervention (n=20) or control (n=20) groups. Food logs were gathered prior to and following counseling, and analysis was done using independent T-tests. The findings revealed a post-intervention mean discrepancy in calorie consumption of 132.08 Kcal. The results of the T-test analysis, however, showed that there was no significant difference between the groups (P=0.26>0.05), suggesting that group-based calorie counseling had no appreciable impact on diabetes diet compliance. Confounding variables like age, education, employment status, and family support could have impacted these results. It is advised that future studies consider how family support and demographic factors might improve diet compliance in T2DM patients. This method can lead to more effective interventions for this population and a more thorough understanding of the variables influencing dietary adherence.
Fasette van die landelike vestiging van blankes in Suidwes-Afrika
Authors: Coetzee E.R.
Published: July 2024

This contribution identifies four phases of land settlement by Whites in South-West Africa between 1915 and 1931. First there was the period of military government from 1915 to 1920 when large numbers of White stock farmers from the Union entered the territory. These settlers were established on uninhabited, but surveyed, government ground. During the second phase (1920 - 1925) approximately 1200 farms were granted to new White farmers in accordance with the land Settlement Act (1920) of the Union of South Africa. Thereafter a period of consolidation followed (1925 - 1928) as the Land Board attempted to settle keen, new farmers in the rural areas. The arrival of the Angolan farmers forms the fourth phase of White settlement and by 1939 all available government farms in South-West Africa had been granted.
Die Noordweste: Die stoflike kultuuruitinge van die streek se bewoners
Authors: Snyman P.H.R.
Published: July 2024

No abstract available.
Association of Ultrasound Abdomen Findings with Liver Function Test and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Scores in Cases of Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Chail Amit , Singh Harpreet , Mathur Smriti , Lahel Ranjit Singh
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

There are three independent variables used in clinical practice to evaluate patients suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD); these are Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), liver function tests (LFTs), and imaging findings on ultrasound of the abdomen. There is limited literature about the association of imaging findings with LFT and AUDIT scores in cases of AUD.

Objective:

The study was conducted to determine the association of ultrasound abdomen findings with LFTs and AUDIT scores in patients with AUD.

Methods:

This study was conducted using data from 439 patients of AUD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) treated in the psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital. The data hence obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The ordinal data sets were compared using the Chi-square test, and P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:

The ultrasonography (USG) findings of hepatic/portal system changes in patients of AUD show a significant association with the corresponding changes in AUDIT scores, serum bilirubin, and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. The ultrasound findings were also significantly associated with total years of drinking and average drinking (in g) per day in the last 3 years. The USG findings did not show a significant statistical association between ALT (alanine transaminase) and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels.

Conclusion:

In patients with alcohol use disorder, USG abdomen findings correlate with the severity of dependence as indicated by years of drinking, average alcohol consumption per day for the last 3 years, AUDIT score (last 1 year), and markers of liver injury (serum bilirubin and AST). Combined use of clinical severity indicators (e.g., AUDIT), lab parameters, and USG abdomen can help in the early diagnosis of ALD.
An Unusual Case Report of Iatrogenic Metrorrhagia and Hematochezia Following Itraconazole
Authors: Rai Yashaswi
Published: July 2024

Itraconazole is an effective triazole antimycotic drug that has a desirable pharmacokinetic profile to combat various fungal pathogens. It acts by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis in fungal cell membranes. Itraconazole is not totally selective toward Cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 (CYP450 3A4), but exhibits the most potent inhibition of CYP450 3A4. Thus, these drugs interfere with CYP450 3A4 proteins expressed in the liver, intestine, kidney, adrenals, ovary, and testis. We present a case report of metrorrhagia and hematochezia following intake of itraconazole, a commonly used azole drug against dermatophytic infection. This article strongly highlights eliciting menstrual history and gynecological- and surgical-related problems before prescribing itraconazole. Also, to be aware of the vaginal bleeding being the unusual side effects of itraconazole.
Signs in Dermatology: Clinical, Dermoscopic, and Histopathological
Authors: Polra Rutoo Vipulkumar , Tandel Jinal Jainendrabhai , Shah Mauli M , Nair Pragya Ashok
Published: July 2024

Dermatologic diagnosis depends on the careful observation and documentation of signs, which can be highly pathognomonic for a certain condition. Most of the signs appear either de novo or have to be elicited by the physician. It refers to important physical finding or observation made by the physician when examining the patient. In this article, we have included total 154 signs including clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological signs. We have divided them in 13 groups including signs seen in infectious conditions, vesiculobullous disorders, papulosquamous disorders, dermatitis, connective tissue diseases, and diseases of appendages for the ease of readers.
Orofacial Granulomatosis Secondary to Cutaneous Tuberculosis: An Atypical Presentation
Authors: Maheshwari Kriti , Sethi Pihu , Paridhi  , Kalhan Shivani , Adhlakha Bhuvan
Published: July 2024

Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) makes up a small proportion of extrapulmonary TB. Studies from India report an incidence of 0.1% of all cases of extrapulmonary TB. Lupus vulgaris (LV) is a common form of TB which is usually seen in individuals who have been previously sensitized with Mycobacterium TB. Here, we are reporting a case of orofacial granulomatosis in a 21-year-old female which highlights the importance of histopathology in aiding diagnosis in such patients where multiple etiologies may be responsible for a particular clinical presentation, along with the atypical presentation of LV.
A Baby with Café-au-lait Macules and Aberrant Mongolian Spot: Report of Phakomatosis Pigmentopigmentaria
Authors: Pandit Vishalakshi S , Rakesh Y R
Published: July 2024

Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a term used to describe the association of vascular nevi with different pigmentary nevi. There are a very few case reports describing the association of two pigmented nevi or pigmented anomalies of nevoid character. The pathogenetic mechanism of such association is hypothesized to be twin spotting. Wolf at al has coined the term phakomatosis pigmentopigmentaria for describing the association different pigmenatry nevi or nevoid disorders. We report a rare case of baby born with co-localized segmental CALMs with aberrant Mongolian spots on the trunk. Our case can be considered as an example of this term phakomatosis pigmentopigmentaria.
Does sildenafil citrate affect the pharmacokinetics of metformin in rats? Screening of mechanism through analytical and molecular docking approach
Authors: Dewani Anil P. , Rab Safia O. , Tripathi Pankaj , Shrivastava Saurabh , Tripathi Rina , Tripathi Alok S. , Mohale Deepak S. , Sheikh Naheed Waseem A. , Nakhat Kamlesh V. , Vekariya Hitesh J. , Chandewar Anil V.
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE:

In the present study, the effect of sildenafil on the pharmacokinetics of metformin was studied in experimental rats, and we also postulated the molecular mechanism by performing molecular docking studies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Analysis of metformin and sildenafil (SIL) from rat plasma was done by high performance liquid chromatography. Optimum chromatographic separation and quantification of MET, SIL and Cetirizine was achieved on Phenomenex EVO C18 column with triethyl amine (0.3%): Methanol: Acetonitrile (70:05:25 v/v) as mobile phase maintaining flow rate of 1 ml/min, the detector was tuned at 224 nm. The extraction of MET and sildenafil from rat plasma was achieved by solid-phase extraction using Strata-X cartridges. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. For docking studies, the crystal structure of organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) protein and multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) protein (5XJJ) were downloaded from the PubChem database. The docking study was performed by PyRx virtual screening software, and the results were analyzed by BIOVIA Discovery Studio.

RESULTS:

The validation of HPLC method was done, intraday and interday precision study of HPLC method demonstrated %RSD values less than 5%, the extraction recovery for MET and SIL were near to 80 % for low, medium and high QC samples. The plasma stability of MET and SIL showed % RSD values <10% for low, medium, and high QC samples. A sensitivity study for MET and SIL in rat plasma suggested a lower limit of quantification values of 8 and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The pharmacokinetic parameters were recorded, Cmax of experimental and control rats was 611.2 and 913.2 ng/mL; t1/2 1.66 and 1.98, AUC (0-t) 1637.5 and 2727.24, AUC (0-∞) 1832.38 and 2995.24 for MET. The results suggested that the Cmax of MET in experimental rats (MET + SIL) was 33.07% lower than the control (MET only) and also the t1/2 was 0.32 h shorter. Docking analysis suggested a higher binding affinity of sildenafil with MATE protein (5XJJ) compared to OCT1, suggesting possible involvement of MATE family proteins for pharmacokinetic alterations of MET.

CONCLUSIONS:

The HPLC and solid-phase extraction method were developed and applied successfully for the pharmacokinetics of MET and SIL. Intake of SIL altered the pharmacokinetics of MET in rats. Molecular docking studies suggested the involvement of MATE family proteins for alterations of MET pharmacokinetics.
Lifestyle interventions improving health-related quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Amiri Sohrab , Mahmood Nailah , Junaidi Sameeha , Khan Moien AB
Published: July 2024

Lifestyle interventions have garnered significant research interest for their potential to enhance health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Understanding the impact of these interventions on various dimensions of HRQoL is crucial for effective healthcare strategies. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the effects of lifestyle interventions on HRQoL in randomized control trials. A systematic search was conducted across five scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and gray literature, with a filter applied to include only English language publications. Study selection was carried out by two independent reviewers in several steps, including duplicate removal and eligibility evaluation for meta-analysis. Information extracted from the studies included authors, countries, study designs, target populations, ages, genders, number of participants, interventions, outcomes, and results. A total of 61 randomized control trials were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that lifestyle interventions significantly improved healthrelated quality of life compared to control groups, with Hedges’ g of 0.38 (95% CI 0.25–0.50, Z = 5.94; P < 0.001; I2 = 84.59%). This positive effect was consistently observed in patients with heart-related diseases and metabolic disorders. Meta-regression analysis indicated that lifestyle interventions had the most substantial impact on health-related quality of life in the 1-month follow-up period. Considering the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle interventions compared to other intervention types, they can benefit various patient groups. This systematic review contributes to health policy goals by advocating focused preventive strategies in alignment with the observed benefits of lifestyle interventions.
Experiences of frontline nurses caring COVID-19 patients − A thematic analysis
Authors: Sequira Leena , Nayak Shalini Ganesh , Nayak Shobha
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

The COVID-19 pandemic exerts a considerable impact on the healthcare setting and healthcare provider’s personal and social life. Adjusting to an entirely new working environment may have added challenges for the nurses without having infectious disease expertise. The study aimed to understand and describe the experiences of nurses taking care of COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care Hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study was conducted in a tertiary care multispecialty hospital of Udupi District, Karnataka, India. A qualitative research approach with thematic analysis was used in this study. The inclusion criteria were staff nurses caring for COVID-19 patients for a minimum of 1 week. Samples were selected by purposive sampling technique, and the data saturation was achieved with 12 participants. Data were collected through in-depth, face-to-face interviews directed by a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis derived from participant’s responses. Data collection and data analysis were performed simultaneously. The data were analyzed using Kiger and Vapiro’s six-step process of thematic analysis of qualitative data.

RESULTS:

Ten subthemes were grouped from the three major themes under “working in COVID-19 facility: A “challenging experience”, “adaptive coping strategies”, and “support during a pandemic” emerged based on the experiences of staff nurses working with the COVID-19 patients.

CONCLUSION:

Staff nurses in this study had challenging experiences attributed to several factors at the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, strategies to confront the difficulties were adopted by them to improve their well-being.
Predicting the level of resilience of adults aged 25–65 relation to the elderly according to their interpersonal problem-solving methods
Authors: Yari Zohreh , Samouei Rahele
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Elderly home caregivers are among the first and most important people involved in elderly care. Since the process of caring for the elderly affects the mental, physical, and life conditions of the caregivers, it is of utmost importance to study interpersonal problem-solving methods and the role they play in the resilience of caregivers. In this regard, the study was conducted to predict the resilience of adults aged 25–65 years compared to the elderly according to their interpersonal problem-solving methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a descriptive correlational study. Two-hundred and sixty-two adults aged 25–65 living in Iran in different genders, marital status, majors, and occupations participated in this study. The data obtained from responding to questionnaires of resilience and interpersonal problem solving of respondents were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression correlation coefficient.

RESULTS:

The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between resilience and some problem-solving methods (frankness and transparency, realism, exposure, sympathy, pursuit and challenge, and incentive agreement) of elderly home caregivers. According to the result of linear regression, among the respondents’ interpersonal problem-solving methods, realism was the only predictive variable for resilience (P = 0.006). That is, being more realistic is related to more resilience in caring for the elderly.

CONCLUSIONS:

Some interpersonal problem-solving methods of adults are related to their resilience in caring for the elderly. Paying attention to these resilient practices and behaviors can be effective in improving the quality of care for the elderly and reducing their difficulties. The results of this study can be used in long-term and practical planning for elderly home caregivers.
Determinants of peer education on sexual and reproductive health and rights among in-school adolescents in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Mbachu Chinyere O. , Agu Ifunanya C. , Eze Irene I. , Onwujekwe Obinna E.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Peer education has contributed to increased knowledge and preventive behaviors of adolescents toward reproductive health matters with the unique feature of maintaining peer-to-peer learning ability and sustaining intervention gains. This study examined the factors that predict the agency of in-school adolescents as peer educators on the sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) of adolescents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 257 adolescent boys and girls, purposively selected from six public secondary schools that had received a package of interventions that aimed to improve peer-to-peer education on SRHR in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The level of statistical significance was determined at a P value < 0.05 and a 95% confidence limit.

RESULTS:

Almost all the students (98.05%) believed that adolescents need information on SRHR, which should be provided in the schools; however, 66.93% had ever shared information with their peers on the SRHR. The predictors of the practice of peer education on SRHR include being in senior secondary (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) =2.889, P = 0.026), participation in SRHR campaigns (AOR = 6.139, P = 0.005), receiving information, education and communication materials (AOR = 0.266, P = 0.042), and discussing SRH matter with adult family members (AOR = 2.567, P = 0.026).

CONCLUSION:

The practice of peer education among adolescents was determined by their level in school, availability of support structures such as parent–child communication, and program-related factors. Therefore, public health initiatives should prioritize these factors to strengthen adolescents’ agency as peer educators on the SRHR of young people.
Simulation effect on medical sciences students’ motivation: A systematic review study
Authors: Jahromi Mahdi Karimyar , Nick Narjes , Bagheri Shahpar , Kalyani Majid Najafi
Published: July 2024

Simulation is an educational technology that can facilitate learning, improve performance, and develop critical thinking and self-confidence in students. Motivation is an effective factor in the level of efficiency and the use of individual talent, ability, and satisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of simulation on students’ motivation based on existing studies. This systematic review was conducted using a full systematic search strategy based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for the identification of relevant literature in Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC electronic databases up to April 2023, utilizing search terms in the titles and abstracts. Finally, 21 articles were selected after being screened in accordance with our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of 21 articles related to the study’s aim, 19 articles (91%) were interventional studies (three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 16 non-RCTs) and two articles (9%) were noninterventional studies (cohort and cross-sectional). The results revealed that in 17 studies (77%), simulation studies had a positive effect on motivation, and in 19% of studies, simulation had no significant effect on motivation. Most of the studies improved students’ learning motivation using different simulation methods. Simulation methods require appropriateness in three areas: comprehensiveness, the subjects of training, and the allocation of appropriate facilities.
Effect of Dhupana (medicated fumigation) on the microbial concentration in the indoor air in Kumaragara (pediatric OPD and IPD): an experimental study
Authors: Sourabh Dasa Sunil , Pant Champa
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Bioaerosols causing infectious diseases are a major concern for the environmental safety in hospital indoors. Chemical fumigation used for controlling infectious bioaerosols leads to several health hazards such as allergic reactions, hyperbilirubinemia, carcinogenicity, and toxicity. Corrosion of metal surfaces, bleaching of fabrics, risk of accidental consumption, high cost, unpleasant odor, flammability, and formation of toxic gases are other concerns. In Ayurveda, Dhupana (medicated fumigation) is advocated for controlling invisible agents capable of disease transmission. It can be a safer alternative to chemical fumigation. However, many ingredients of classical Dhupana preparations are rare or impractical to use; hence, a novel “Shodashanga Dhupa” (16-ingredient fumigation preparation) was formulated using easily accessible ingredients of classical Dhupana formulations.

Materials and Methods:

The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of Shodashanga Dhupa were ascertained by enumerating colony-forming units (CFUs) in the passive air samples obtained from hospital rooms before and after 1 h of Dhupana. These samples were collected on suitable agar media, and the settle plate method was carried out.

Results:

There was improvement in the Index of Microbial Air Contamination and a statistically significant reduction in bacterial CFUs in the pediatric outpatient department (P = 0.000218) and in the Panchakarma therapy room (P = 0.000218). There was a statistically significant reduction in fungal CFUs (P = 0.0137) in the pediatric outpatient department and in the Panchakarma therapy room (P = 0.00109) after 1 h of Dhupana.

Conclusion:

The study suggests that fumigation with common herbs and spices is effective in decreasing bacterial and fungal bioaerosol concentration in the indoor air of hospital rooms, and it can be used as an economical, hassle-free, and safe method of disinfection.
A comparative clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Vrishyamuladi Taila and Shatavari Taila Matra Basti with Vyoshadhya Gutika Guggulu in the management of Asthi-Majja-Kshaya (low bone mineral density): an open-labeled randomized trial
Authors: Narine Avvinish Annant , Upadhyay Abhishek , Mangal Gopesh
Published: July 2024

Background:

Osteopenia and osteoporosis are linked disorders, as their names suggest. Both have different degrees of bone loss as assessed by low bone mineral density (LBMD), which is a metric that indicates how strong a bone is and how likely it is to break. Normal bone mineral density tops the scale, osteopenia somewhere in the middle, and osteoporosis at the bottom. The bone conditions mentioned in Ayurvedic classics, such as Asthi-Kshaya (decrease in bone tissue) and Asthi Saushirya (porous bones), have some clinical resemblance to LBMD or osteoporosis.

Aim:

To compare the efficacy of Vrishyamuladi Taila Matra Basti (VTMB, oil enema) and Shatavari Taila Matra Basti (STMB, oil enema) in the management of Asthi-Majja-Kshaya (osteoporosis or LBMD).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 44 patients were screened, of which 34 suffered from Asthi-Majja-Kshaya, that is, LBMD; they were randomly selected and randomly divided into Group A and Group B, with 17 patients in each group. Group A patients were given VTMB for 16 days, followed by Vyoshadhya Gutika Guggulu (VGG) tablets, with a dose of 1g twice a day orally with lukewarm water for 30 days after Basti was completed. Group B patients were given STMB for 16 days, followed by VGG, with a dose of 1g twice a day orally with lukewarm water for 30 days after Basti (medicated enema) was completed.

Results:

It was observed that both groups showed improvement in parameters of Asthishoola (bone pain), Asthitoda (pricking pain of bones), Nakhabhanga (splitting of nails), Raukshya (dryness of skin), Aswapna (loss of sleep), and Satataruka (continuous pain). There is no significant difference in any of the parameters tested in both Group A and Group B comparisons.

Conclusion:

Both Groups A and B were effective in managing Asthi-Majja-Kshaya (LBMD).
Comparing Four Different Risk Malignancy Indices in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Ovarian Masses
Authors: Mundhra Rajlaxmi , Bahadur Anupama , Kashibhatla Jyotshna , Kishore Sanjeev , Chaturvedi Jaya
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Accurate prediction of ovarian masses preoperatively is crucial for optimal management of ovarian cancers.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to identify the risk of malignancy index (RMI) incorporating menopausal status, serum carbohydrate antigen 125 levels, and imaging findings for presurgical differentiation of benign from malignant ovarian masses and to evaluate the diagnostic ability of four different RMIs.

Materials and Methods:

Women presenting with ovarian masses from August 2018 to January 2020 were evaluated preoperatively with detailed history, examination, imaging, and tumor markers. RMI 1–4 was calculated for all patients. Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of four different RMIs for preoperative identification of malignancy was based on the increment of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Histopathological diagnosis was used as the gold standard test.

Results:

One hundred and twenty-one patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria were enrolled in this study. Benign tumors constituted 61 (50.4%) out of 121 cases, followed by malignant tumors and borderline tumors constituting 49 (40.49%) cases and 11 (9.09%) cases, respectively. The sensitivity of RMIs 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 77.0%, 63%, 77.0%, and 77.0%, respectively, and the specificity was 84%, 86%, 77%, and 71%, respectively. The RMI 2 had higher specificity at predicting malignancy than other RMIs while diagnostic accuracy was highest in RMI 1.

Conclusion:

The RMI method is a simple and cost-effective technique in preoperative differentiation of ovarian masses.
Robotic-assisted Versus Conventional Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for Benign Gynecological Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bahadur Anupama , Zaman Rabia , Mundhra Rajlaxmi , Mani Kalaivani
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Minimally invasive gynecologic surgery is safe and feasible procedure for benign gynaecological conditions with less morbidity.

Objective:

To determine the best approach in benign gynecology and establish superiority of robotic over conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy in terms of safety and effectiveness.

Methods:

Search strategy: Electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL (the Registry of Controlled Clinical Studies of the Cochrane Collaboration), Google scholar, Pubmed and Scopus were searched from 2010-2022. Selection criteria: All randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials which compared robotic versus conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy were included to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate compared to traditional approaches.

Results:

Only five RCTs (326 patients in total) comparing robotic and conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy were included after a comprehensive literature search. Results of our analysis showed no clear benefit in any of the two techniques in operating time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay and overall complications.

Conclusion:

This systematic review suggests no statistical difference in surgical and patient outcomes between robotic and conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy relating to OT, EBL, LOHS, overall complications, and survival.
Mesh Infection in Sacrocolpopexy: A Novel Approach to Management
Authors: Mehra Reeti , Bandlish Shubhi
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Surgical mesh has been in use for urogynecological surgeries for a long, but they come with their own side effect profile and maybe life-altering consequences. We discuss a novel method of management of mesh erosion and infection in a patient with mesh sacrocolpopexy.
Primary Vaginal Leiomyosarcoma Mimicking Bartholin’s Cyst
Authors: Balakrishnan Deepthy , Jena Saubhagya Kumar , Mishra Pritinanda
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) arise from smooth muscle cells with more predilection to the uterus, abdomen, retroperitoneum, and blood vessels. LMS of vagina is very rare and usually presents in the early stage as an asymptomatic mobile mass with no clinical features of malignancy and gives the appearance of a benign lesion which can easily be mistaken for a Bartholin’s cyst or a vaginal fibroid. The chances of metastasis in LMS are high with poor survival rates. Histopathology confirms the diagnosis and treatment still remains controversial due to less data on this rare malignancy. Even though there is no evidence that leiomyoma can transform into LMS, benign-looking vaginal fibroids need to be resected to avoid misdiagnosis of LMS. We present a case of vaginal LMS which was mistaken to be Bartholin’s cyst due to the lack of knowledge of this aggressive tumor and further management.
Osseous Metaplasia of Cervix Mimicking Cervical Cancer – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mondal Sajeeb , Pradhan Rajashree , Chakraborty Ashmita , Chatterjee Sankha
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Osseous metaplasia (OM) of the cervix without involvement of the uterus is an extremely rare entity. Only few cases had been reported in the literature. We reported a rare case of OM of the cervix clinically mimicking cervical cancer. A 52-year-old female presented with chief complaints of leukorrhea and an unusual sensation of mass in the vagina. On clinical examination, the uterus, adnexa, pouch of Douglas, vulva, and perineum-all were normal except the cervix which was hypertrophied with surface irregularities. Histopathological examination of the cervix showed OM of the cervix. Since this is a benign entity, proper diagnosis is essential to avoid misdiagnosis of malignant tumors, especially malignant mesenchymal tumors.
Harnessing the power of amnion-chorion membrane in periodontal therapy: A comprehensive review
Authors: Agrawal Ritu , Sinha Aditya , Chauhan Shailendra S , Sharma Satendra
Published: July 2024

Amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) has emerged as a versatile biomaterial with immense potential in various medical and dental applications, including periodontal therapy. ACM possesses unique properties, including a bioactive matrix rich in growth factors, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial attributes, and a remarkably thin, self-adherent structure. These characteristics make ACM well suited for various periodontal applications, such as intrabony defect treatment, gingival recession management, socket preservation, papillary preservation, and sinus membrane repair. This review offers comprehensive details of the properties, applications, and implications of ACM membranes in the realm of periodontal treatment.
Anti-sclerostin antibody – A potential therapeutic target for periodontal bone regeneration
Authors: Reghunath Shruthi , Ramesh Roshni , Nafeesa Raseena Beevi , Visalakshy Divya Purushothaman , Kannappillil Binitta Paul , Gopalakrishnan Ambili
Published: July 2024

Sclerostin is a glycoprotein predominantly released by specialized bone-forming cells (osteocytes). It serves as a principal inhibitor of osteogenesis and plays a key act in modulating the metabolism of alveolar bone. Sclerostin is shown to contribute to the occurrence of periodontitis by regulating the remodeling of the alveolar bone. A monoclonal antibody which antagonizes sclerostin has become extremely useful for osteoanabolic therapies. Romosozumab is an Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-sclerostin antibody that has shown promising results in the treatment of osteoporosis. Research is being conducted on the effect of anti-sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) as a therapeutic option in the management of periodontitis, and up till now, the results are promising. A comprehensive review of the literature was done using the PubMed database and Google Scholar. Research articles published before April 2023 with the search terms “sclerostin,” “periodontitis,” and “anti-sclerostin antibody” (Scl-Ab) were included. Most of the studies point toward a definitive association between chronic periodontitis and the levels of sclerostin. Numerous investigations underscore the significance of evaluating sclerostin levels as a diagnostic marker for periodontitis, and the application of anti-sclerostin antibodies as a potential therapeutic option for managing periodontitis and peri-implant diseases. However, further researches are required to delve into the therapeutic effects and possible side effects of Scl-Ab. Sclerostin antibodies show promise as an anabolic drug that enhances bone mass and could potentially become a viable therapeutic alternative for addressing periodontal conditions in future.
Sample size calculation in clinical research
Authors: Ranganathan Priya , Deo Vishal , Pramesh C. S.
Published: July 2024

Calculation of sample size is an essential part of research study design since it affects the reliability and feasibility of the research study. In this article, we look at the principles of sample size calculation for different types of research studies.
Bio-entrepreneurs’ bugbear: Regulatory rigmarole
Authors: Bhatt Arun
Published: July 2024

Indian biotech startup sector – a rapidly growing business segment focused on the development of innovative products has the potential to make significant contributions to the country’s economy. Indian bio-entrepreneurs’ optimistic expectation of rapidly moving product development from bench to bedside faces tremendous challenges of the complex Indian regulatory system, which is shaped by a diversity of regulatory authorities, rules, guidelines, and processes. This brief review discusses specific regulatory issues faced by bio-entrepreneurs investing in a variety of innovative products – new drugs, vaccines, medical devices, cell, and gene therapy and suggests approaches which can ease Indian entrepreneur’s endeavors.
Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of tranexamic acid compared to modified Kligman formula in the management of melasma
Authors: Susmitha Meda , Divya Kethireddy S. , Subbarao Dasika , Ramachandra Bendapudi Venkata
Published: July 2024

Background: Facial melanoses (FM) are a common presentation in Indian patients, causing cosmetic disfigurement with considerable psychological impact. Melasma is an acquired non-inflammatory hypermelanosis of multifactorial etiology with significant cosmetic deformity. Different treatment modalities have been tried in different studies with varying outcomes. Recent clinical trials with tranexamic acid (TXA) are promising. Objective: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of TXA topical application after micro-needling and intralesional TXA with the modified Kligman formula in the management of melasma. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, open-label study with a sample size of 45 patients with melasma fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly divided into three groups of 15 each. Group A individuals were advised to apply a modified Kligman formula daily at night for 3 months, Group B individuals weekly micro-needling followed by TXA application for 3 months, and Group C individuals intralesional TXA (4 mg/mL) weekly for 3 months. Clinical and dermoscopic images were taken at each visit, including modified Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) scoring, patient global assessment, and physician global assessment to assess the clinical response. Results: Group A showed a 42% improvement in MASI score by the end of 12 weeks, Group B showed a 30% improvement, and Group C showed a 36% improvement. When statistically compared with the Analysis of Variance test, there was no significant difference (P = 0.62) between the three groups. However, in individual groups, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in MASI at 0 and 12 weeks. Dermoscopic images showed perilesional hypopigmentation and telangiectasias with a modified Kligman formula, which was not seen with TXA. Patient assessment score revealed satisfaction with the modified Kligman formula because of home application and lack of pain. Conclusion: The modified Kligman formula is found to be superior in the treatment of melasma, because of the synergistic activity of its components. However, it has its demerits of long-term usage like hypopigmentation and telangiectasias. Hence, TXA that showed comparable results with the Kligman formula can be used either as a primary modality or as an adjuvant supportive therapy for maintenance.
Bilateral hypomelanosis of Ito: Report of two cases
Authors: Joshi Swati , Kushwaha Ramesh K. , Shrivastava Harshita , Jain Suresh K.
Published: July 2024

Hypomelanosis of Ito, also known as incontinentia pigmenti achromians of Ito, is a rare neuroectodermal disorder often associated with mental retardation and epilepsy. Here we report two patients with bilateral hypopigmented streaks and patches.
The African Journal Partnership Program’s (AJPP) guidance on use of Artificial Intelligence in scholarly publishing
Authors: Caradee Yael Wright , Lartey Margaret , Kenza Khomsi , Peres Frederico , Yilma Daniel , Kigera James , Flanagin Annette , Gbakima Ahia , Ofori-Adjei David , Sumaili Ernest Kiswaya , Sidibe Siaka , Togo Adegne , Muula Adamson , Jansen Stephan , Njunwa Kato
Published: July 2024

No Abstract
Bilan de deux années de psychiatrie de liaison au Service de Psychiatrie du Centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, Burkina Faso
Authors: Abdou Mahamane Mobarak Salifou , Cisse Almoustapha Ousmane , Bague Boubacar , Hamma Ousmane Issoufou , Sawadogo Konsam Cedric Christel , Zika Oumou Ousseyni , Djibrilla Moussa , Karfo Kapoune
Published: July 2024

Context and objective: Liaison psychiatry is a relatively recent practice in Africa, but it remains poorly documented. The aim of the present study was to identify requests for psychiatric advice.
Methods: This was a descriptive series of cases, within the framework of the  psychiatric liaison consultation, at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, carried out from January 1, 2021 to  December 31, 2022. Data were collected from the dedicated forms and analyzed using Epi info 7.2 software.
Results: Three hundred and  one forms were identified, 185 (61.4 %) of which were included in the study. One hundred and sixteen (38.6 %) other files were not  eligible (incomplete file). The Nephrology Department was the main requesting department with 14.59%. Agitation (23.24%) and  depressive syndrome (29.73%) were the main reasons. Over half the patients (56.02%) were seen on the same day, and no treatment was  prescribed in 17.30% of cases. Systematic reassessment was recorded in 34.05% of cases.
Conclusion: The present study shows that the  nephrology department was the most frequently requesting department for depressive and arousal syndromes. The weakness of the  liaison psychiatry practice comes from the high number of poorly completed files or patients not seen by the liaison's team.
 
French title: Assessment of two years of liaison psychiatry at the Psychiatric Department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital, Burkina Faso
Context  objectif: La psychiatrie de liaison est une pratique relativement récente en Afrique mais elle reste très peu documentée. L’objectif de la  présente étude a été de recenser les demandes d’avis psychiatriques.
Méthodes: Il s’est agi d’une série descriptive des cas, dans le cadre  de la consultation de liaison psychiatrique, au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo, suivi du 1er janvier 2021 au 31  décembre 2022. Les données ont été recueillies à partir des fiches réservées à cet effet et analysées à l’aide du logiciel Epi info 7.2.  
Résultats: Trois-cent-une fiches ont été recensées dont 185 (61,4 %) inclus dans l’étude. Cent seize (37,4 %) autres fiches n'étaient pas  éligibles (dossier incomplet). Le service de néphrologie a été le principal service demandeur avec 14,59 %. Le premier motif a été  l’agitation (23,24 %) et le syndrome dépressif (29,73 %). Plus de la moitié des patients (56,02 %) étaient consultés le même jour et aucun traitement n’a été prescrit chez 17,30 % des cas. Une réévaluation systématique a été consignée chez 34,05 % des cas.
Conclusion: Il  ressort de la présente étude que le service de néphrologie a été le grand demandeur pour syndrome dépressif et d'excitation. La  faiblesse de cette pratique a été l'existence des fiches mal renseignées ou des patients non vus par l’équipe de liaison.
Histopathology effects of Myxobolus pethericii Fomena, Lekeufack Folefack and Tang II, 2007 on Ctenopoma petherici Günther, 1864, in the Sangé River, Littoral Region, Cameroon
Authors: Dambaya Beatrice , Lekeufack-Folefack Guy Benoît , Feudjio-Dongmo Bienvenu , Fifen Rodrigue , Deli Arnaud , Djampou Ariane Laura , Fomena Abraham
Published: July 2024

Histological method, becoming common in diagnostic methodology, provides information on effect of parasite and help predicting therapeutic measures for aquatic animals. Ctenopoma petherici caught in Sangé River were examined for myxozoan infections. Cyst measurements were taken and prevalence was estimated. Formalin-fixed organs were dehydrated through a graded ethanol series and embedded in paraffin. Obtained sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. From examined fish, 93.33% harbored elongated, ovoid or spherical cysts measuring 70 - 660 µm long × 40 - 390 µm wide in one or more of the following organs: gills, heart, stomach, liver, gonads, eyes, skin, bones, muscles, intestine, mesentery, fins, opercula, esophagus, labyrinth organs, kidney, swimbladder, and gallbladder. Cysts were arranged anarchically on affected organs and their development was asynchronous. Histological observations revealed cysts implantation mostly in loose connective tissue on which they induce one or more of the following: hyperplasia, swelling, alteration and lack of adhesion between tissue layers. In some cases, cysts were responsible of mechanical compression and distortion of blood vessels surrounding affected tissue. In many cases, significant portion of affected organs was replaced by numerous and voluminous cysts leading to tissue destruction and reduction of organ’s functional area. Generally, few sign of fish immune response to the presence of cysts was observed. Histological examination of Ctenopoma petherici appears as an important tool for rapid diagnosis to ensure farming production. Therefore, monitoring M. pethericii in farmed fish using histological method would help in early and proper drug therapy and avoid it dissemination.