bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efforts to Combat Sexual Violence Against Women and Children in Makassar City
Authors: Izzah Nurul , Hambali Muhammad Azwad Rachmat , Sutiawati Sutiawati
Published: February 2025

This article reveals efforts to overcome sexual violence against women and children in the city of Makassar and the factors that influence efforts to overcome sexual violence against women and children in the city of Makassar. The empirical research method was chosen to describe the legal reality in the community in an area that became the research location. The results of this study indicate that efforts to overcome sexual violence against women and children in the city of Makassar are still not maximized. Efforts to overcome sexual violence against women and children in Makassar City carried out by the PPA Unit of the Sul-Sel Regional Police are in the form of pre-emtif, preventive, and repressive efforts. The factors that influence countermeasures carried out by investigators are external and internal factors which include the lack of quantity and quality of investigators, lack of facilities and infrastructure, lack of operational costs, lack of evidence, and lack of community participation.
Abstrak:
Artikel ini mengungkapkan upaya penanggulangan kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dan anak di kota makassar serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi upaya penanggulangan kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dan anak di kota makassar. Metode penelitian empiris dipilih untuk mendeskripsikan kenyataan hukum pada masyarakat pada sebuah wilayah yang menjadi lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya penanggulangan kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dan anak di kota makassar masih kurang maksimal. Upaya penanggulangan kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dan anak di Kota makassar yang dilakukan oleh Unit Pelayanan Perempuan dan Anak Kepolisian Daerah Sulawesi Selatan yaitu berupa upaya pre-emtif, preventif, dan upaya represif. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi upaya penanggulangan yang dilakukan oleh penyidik berupa faktor eksternal dan internal yang meliputi kurangnya kuantitas dan kuaitas penyidik, kurangnya sarana dan prasarana, kurangnya biaya operasional, kurangnya alat bukti, serta kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat.
RUTAS Y PROTOCOLOS PARA ESTUDIANTES CON TRASTORNOS ESPECÍFICOS DEL APRENDIZAJE EN LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO
Authors: Allauca Llerena Katy Mishel , De León Nicaretta Fabiana Maria
Published: February 2025

El estudio tiene como finalidad diseñar rutas y protocolos de atención para estudiantes con Trastornos Específicos del Aprendizaje en la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo a partir de la identificación de estudiantes y la revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos, estatutos y reglamentos sobre educación superior inclusiva en estudiantes con necesidades educativas. Pese a que el nivel superior brinda atención a las necesidades de la población con trastornos del aprendizaje no se especifica la aplicabilidad de normativas y rutas para estos sujetos. La metodología empleada fue un enfoque mixto de tipo descriptivo y de campo, que se realizó mediante la exploración exhaustiva de información de revistas, reglamentos legales, vigentes, así como de recolección de datos mediante la encuesta. Los resultados arrojan que pocos se autoidentificaron con trastornos del aprendizaje y que la aplicabilidad de rutas y protocolos enfocados específicamente para esta población permite el derecho pleno de la educación, empatía en la comunidad universitaria y romper brechas de discriminación. Finalmente se concluye que, al tener una línea y reglamento estructurado, las rutas y protocolos presentados responden a las necesidades de los discentes, por ende, garantiza un desarrollo integral y adecuado a lo largo de la vida, lo que afianza la culminación del nivel superior de manera significativa, formación docente y la sensibilización para una cultura inclusiva.
POLÍTICAS, CULTURA Y PRÁCTICAS INCLUSIVAS EN DOCENTES DE FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y ADMINISTRATIVAS-UNACH
Authors: Tapia Gavidia Doménica Stefannya , De León Nicaretta Fabiana Maria
Published: February 2025

El estudio analiza las políticas, cultura y prácticas inclusivas en los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Administrativas de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH). En un contexto donde la educación inclusiva es clave para el desarrollo sostenible, se buscó conocer cómo los docentes implementan y perciben estas dimensiones inclusivas. La metodología empleada fue un enfoque mixto, combinando fases cuantitativas y cualitativas. Se aplicaron encuestas a 51 docentes mediante la Escala Situacional de Atención a la Diversidad e Inclusión Educativa (ESADIE) y entrevistas a profundidad. Los resultados destacan percepciones mayoritariamente positivas hacia la inclusión en términos de cultura, pero revelan limitaciones en políticas y recursos, particularmente en infraestructura y formación docente. Asimismo, se identificaron avances en prácticas inclusivas, como el uso de estrategias pedagógicas diversas, aunque con una brecha en la aplicación de adaptaciones curriculares. El análisis subraya que la UNACH enfrenta desafíos relacionados con la comunicación efectiva de las políticas inclusivas, la capacitación docente, la accesibilidad física y digital. La diversidad en las aulas es reconocida como un recurso enriquecedor, aunque se requieren mayores esfuerzos institucionales para garantizar una educación superior plenamente inclusiva
PROTOCOLOS DE ATENCIÓN PARA ESTUDIANTES CON NECESIDADES EDUCATIVAS ESPECIALES CON VULNERABILIDAD SOCIOEMOCIONAL EN LA UNACH
Authors: Villacrés Lara Angel Fernando
Published: February 2025

La presente investigación se fundamenta en la necesidad de atender de manera estructurada a estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales asociadas a la vulnerabilidad socioemocional en el contexto universitario, como objetivo principal se planteó la creación de rutas y protocolos que permitan una atención efectiva en la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo (UNACH). La investigación utilizo un enfoque mixto, combinando herramientas cualitativas, como entrevistas a informantes clave, y cuantitativas, mediante análisis estadístico de datos, para obtener una visión integral de la problemática. Los resultados revelaron la ausencia de protocolos específicos en la institución, así como una alta incidencia de casos relacionados con ansiedad y depresión entre los estudiantes, también se identificó que el 100% de los participantes no cuenta con un diagnóstico formal previo en salud mental, lo que evidencia un subdiagnóstico y limitaciones en el acceso a servicios especializados, en respuesta se propuso un modelo estructurado de intervención que incluye fases de detección, diagnóstico, intervención y seguimiento, acompañado de ajustes razonables en el ámbito académico. En conclusión, se destaca la urgencia de implementar estrategias inclusivas que aborden las necesidades emocionales y académicas de los estudiantes, fomentando su bienestar y éxito académico, los hallazgos subrayan la relevancia de un enfoque multidisciplinario y el desarrollo de políticas institucionales solidas que respondan a esta realidad emergente en la educación superior.
NECESIDADES EDUCATIVAS ESPECIALES EN EL ÁMBITO EDUCATIVO: RESUMEN CRÍTICO
Authors: Bojorque Pazmiño Jorge Erick , Mero Panchana María Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

La inclusión educativa es un principio fundamental para garantizar la equidad y calidad en el acceso a la educación. Este estudio analiza la necesidad de estrategias inclusivas en el ámbito educativo, abordando los principales desafíos y oportunidades en su implementación. El objetivo es identificar los factores que limitan la inclusión y proponer soluciones viables. La metodología empleada es cualitativa, basada en la revisión documental y el análisis de casos de instituciones educativas con experiencias en inclusión. Se analizaron documentos normativos, estudios previos y experiencias de docentes y estudiantes. Los resultados evidencian que la falta de recursos, la insuficiente formación docente y la resistencia al cambio dificultan la inclusión educativa. Sin embargo, estrategias como la adaptación curricular, el fortalecimiento de la sensibilización comunitaria y la capacitación docente continua han mostrado resultados positivos en la mejora del acceso y la permanencia de estudiantes con necesidades educativas diversas. Se concluye que la implementación de políticas inclusivas es esencial para garantizar el derecho a la educación y fomentar una sociedad más equitativa. Es necesario que las instituciones educativas adopten un enfoque integral que considere tanto la formación docente como la participación activa de la comunidad para lograr una educación inclusiva efectiva
FORMAÇÃO SOBRE TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO DO AUTISMO PARA ACADÊMICOS E PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE E DA EDUCAÇÃO: EXPERIÊNCIA NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Barboza Bruno Ricardo Leite , de Aquino Bruna Ferreira , Nunes Lucas Pompeu , Fernandes Luana Bergamin , Alves Brenda Laleska Pinheiro , Almeida Mariana Espíndola de Castro , Vasconcelos Emmanuelle Souza , Costa Marla Cristina de Lima , Fernandes Paloma Lima Mendes Medeiros de Souza , Meira Naelka dos Anjos Fernandes , Rocha Juliana Fernandes Araújo , Duarte Márcia Socorro Silva Lima , Martins Tayane Moura , Monteiro José Rogério Souza , Coelho Aldine Cecília Lima
Published: February 2025

Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) é uma condição que afeta o desenvolvimento neurológico do indivíduo e se caracteriza pela presença de déficits na comunicação social e pela existência de movimentos repetitivos e estereotipados, sejam eles motores ou na fala. Embora essa condição clínica seja amplamente pesquisada e divulgada, ainda não é efetivamente conhecida pelos profissionais que podem estar envolvidos desde o rastreio até o acompanhamento multidisciplinar, sobretudo nas áreas da saúde e da educação. Por isso, em contexto local, buscou-se realizar um curso sobre o tema para o público supracitado. Objetivo: Relatar experiência sobre curso de formação sobre TEA para acadêmicos e profissionais da saúde e da educação. Relato de Experiência: O curso de capacitação foi promovido com a premissa de aprimorar o conhecimento do público-alvo, de modo a melhorar o atendimento aos autistas. A capacitação foi estruturada em  dez encontros ao longo de três meses e ministrada por profissionais de diversas áreas e com experiência no atendimento às pessoas com TEA. Cada encontro teve duração de três horas e contava com a presença de profissionais especializados nos temas escolhidos. Foram registradas 3.012 inscrições de indivíduos oriundos de dez estados brasileiros. Discussão: O curso abordou sobre o autismo no contexto de dois setores importantes para a detecção e suporte desta condição. Além disso, primou-se pela exposição do tema a partir de uma ótica interdisciplinar e integral, observando o autista nas fases da vida. Considera-se que a formação foi um êxito, ao observar o número de participantes e o engajamento obtido nos encontros. Além dos espectadores, houve benefícios aos organizadores, a partir do aprimoramento de habilidades técnicas e humanísticas, necessárias na prática profissional. Considerações Finais: Com o sucesso obtido, depreende-se a necessidade de aplicação do curso em outros estados do Brasil a partir do contexto de primordialidade de obtenção do conhecimento sobre o TEA.
EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS SOBRE O USO DA TERAPIA FLORAL NO TRATAMENTO DA OBESIDADE E COMPULSÃO ALIMENTAR
Authors: dos Santos James Farley Estevam , Bezerra Nidia Caroline Marques , dos Santos Telma Ferreira , de França Cynara Alves , Simplicio Larissa Tabosa
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas acerca do uso da terapia floral de Bach no
tratamento ou controle da obesidade e compulsão alimentar. Método: desenvolvimento de
revisão integrativa da literatura. As buscas por artigos foram realizadas na BVS, na
hermenoteca SciElo e do Banco de dados PubMed. Os descritores foram selecionados nos
vocábulos DECS e MESH, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, e foram articulados pelos
operadores booleanos AND e OR. Foram incluídos artigos completos, originais e disponíveis
gratuitamente online e publicados em qualquer idioma, sem restrição de período de tempo.
Foram excluídas pesquisas secundárias, artigos que não apoiaram a elucidação da questão
norteadora e estudos duplicados. Foram selecionados três estudos, cujas principais informações
foram sintetizadas, organizadas, analisadas criticamente e discutidas com o apoio de outros
estudos sobre terapia floral. Resultados: os dados foram analisados em dois eixos temáticos,
em que foi possível identificar que os florais Impatiens, White Chestnut, Cherry Plum, Chicory,
Crab Apple, Pine e Beech foram utilizados nas pesquisas selecionadas. O efeito combinado
desses florais visa proporcionar paciência, tolerância, aceitação, autocuidado e autocontrole do
comportamento alimentar, além de melhorar a autoimagem corporal do paciente obeso e
proporcionar a superação da culpa pela compulsão alimentar. Conclusão: As informações
reunidas até o momento permitem concluir que a terapia floral pode auxiliar no tratamento da
obesidade, de forma integrativa e complementar. A terapia floral pode influir na perspectiva do
paciente em lidar positivamente com o tratamento da obesidade e compulsão alimentar,
aumentando as chances de adesão e sucesso do tratamento e emagrecimento.
O FORTALECIMENTO DOS LAÇOS ENTRE ESCOLA E FAMÍLIA DOS ALUNOS COM DEFICIENCIA NA APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Santos Josilene Felix , Feitosa Maria Joaquina das Dores , Lima Jonas dos Santos , Lima Maria Lucia Perene Silva
Published: February 2025

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o fortalecimento dos laços, entre a escola e a família
de dois alunos com deficiência de aprendizagem, no quarto ano da Escola Municipal Amarise
Soares Cavalcante em Santana do São Francisco/SE. Justifica-se a escolha do tema a partir da
observação do distanciamento entre esses parceiros na vivencia diária dos alunos/filhos durante
o momento de Estágio Curricular Supervisionado. A problemática que conduziu a pesquisa
estava centrada em saber qual a importância do fortalecimento dos laços entre a escola e a
família para ressignificar a aprendizagem dos alunos com deficiência? Para responder essa
questão, o estudo foi organizado para refletir sobre as concepções acerca da família e da escola,
as possíveis formas de relacionamento entre a escola e a família dos alunos com deficiência
segundo a Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC (2017). A metodologia utilizada foi do
tipo exploratória envolvendo estudo de caso, analisando literaturas que discutem as temáticas
abordadas pelo estudo, como se dão os laços entre a escola e as famílias, e qual o papel no
fortalecimento dessa parceria para a aprendizagem. Também houve a pesquisa na Escola
Municipal Amarise Soares Cavalcante onde foram identificados dois alunos com diagnóstico
de Autismo e TDAH na turma do quarto ano do Ensino Fundamental e verificada a necessidade
de melhorar a interação entre as instituições em questão de forma que a aprendizagem destes
conquistasse os objetivos da educação especial inclusiva. Então, foi sugerido a Coordenação
Pedagógica da escola, a intensificação de encontros para compartilhamento de informações e
discutir sobre o papel de cada uma das isntituições na construção da aprendizagem significativa
no. Conclui-se que o estudo permitiu não apenas a conquista de aprendizagens acerca da
temática discutida, mas também a possibilidade de possíveis intervenções que sejam capazes
de contribuir qualificar a educação de estudantes com deficiências.
DESAFIOS DE INCLUSÃO DAS CRIANÇAS COM TEA NO CENTRO MUNICIPAL DE EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL PROF. LÚCIA NOGUEIRA MOREIRA EM PENEDO - ALAGOAS
Authors: Gomes Mayara Silva , Luz Myllene Santos , Lima Maria Lúcia Pereira Silva , Lima Jonas dos Santos , Rocha Woshimgton Ribeiro
Published: February 2025

O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar os desafios enfrentados para o processo de inclusão das
crianças com TEA no Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil Profª Lúcia Nogueira. Assim, esse
estudo é fruto de uma pesquisa qualitativa que teve a intenção de analisar a responsabilidade
coletiva na criação de um ambiente escolar inclusivo, acolhedor e organizado pedagogicamente,
uma vez que a formação continuada não apenas atende aos direitos dos alunos com TEA, mas
também impulsiona a aprendizagem contínua ao longo da vida, promovendo a autonomia e
independência. Nesse viés, como resultado, constatou-se a compreensão de todos os aspectos
desafiadores para a inclusão dos estudantes com TEA no ambiente escolar. Sendo assim, as
abordagens promoveram reflexões coletivas e críticas, visando mudanças profundas nas práticas
pedagógicas e institucionais da educação inclusiva. Portanto, percebe-se que a formação
continuada na promoção de professores propicia uma aprendizagem contínua e qualificada,
sobretudo das crianças com TEA e que os recursos e abordagens são capazes de promover a
inclusão de forma mais significativa (cumprindo as exigências legais).
EDUCAÇÃO INTERDISCIPLINAR E FORMAÇÃO CIDADÃ: DESAFIOS E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Bispo Claudiene Cordeiro Leandro , de Melo José Eronildo , de Almeida Marcia Fabiane Lira , Santos Maria Sizino de Lira , da Silva Marli , Rocha Simone Cerqueira , de Barros Betijane Soares
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo retrata reflexões sobre a educação em perspectiva interdisciplinar para
uma formação cidadã como contexto emergente da globalização. O estudo teve como
objetivo central compreender a formação interdisciplinar para a cidadania. Para subsidiar
as discussões pertinentes, buscou-se como pano de fundo o pensamento e as proposições
do teórico espanhol Jurjo Torres Santomé, em sua Obra “Globalização e
Interdisciplinaridade: o currículo integrado” (1998), por tecer considerações e apresentar
direcionamentos importantes à promoção de prática educativa globalizada e integrada do
conhecimento. As discussões sobre o tema proposto trouxeram (re) conceituações e
orientações salutares quanto a interdisciplinaridade curricular, com evidências das
possibilidades de desenvolvimento.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA AVALIAÇÃO PRECOCE E DO ACOMPANHAMENTO DA QUERATOSE ACTÍNICA EM IDOSOS
Authors: Oliveira Lidya Hellen de Sousa
Published: February 2025

INTRODUÇÃO: A queratose actínica (QA) é frequente em idosos e é ocasionada,
principalmente, pela longa exposição a raios solares. A radiação ultravioleta ativa
cascatas de sinalização molecular, provoca alterações nos níveis de citocinas regulatórias,
bem como efeito imunossupressivo, diferenciação celular e apoptose. É uma lesão prémaligna que pode evoluir para o carcinoma espinocelular (CEC), quando não rastreada e
tratada precocemente. OBJETIVO: Analisar os benefícios da avaliação precoce e do
acompanhamento das lesões ceratóticas em idosos. METODOLOGIA: Essa Revisão
Integrativa de Literatura utilizou artigos buscados nas bases de dados Medical Publisher
(PUBMED), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), EBSCOhost, WorldWideScience e
Portal Periódico CAPES. Foram selecionados todos os artigos sobre a temática que
respondiam à pergunta norteadora. Como critérios de inclusão, foram utilizados artigos
dos últimos dois anos, com foco na pergunta norteadora. Já para a exclusão foram: estudos
que não contemplavam a pergunta norteadora e duplicatas, sendo selecionados 14
manuscritos. RESULTADOS: A população que possui mais lesões de QA são idosos em
torno de 60 anos, muito expostos aos raios solares. O uso de fotoprotetores diminui a
prevalência dessa doença. O rastreio é importante devido à relação direta da evolução da
QA em carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) e o tratamento precoce é importante para atenuar
esse desenvolvimento. CONCLUSÃO: Há benefício na avaliação precoce e no
acompanhamento de lesões ceratóticas em idosos devido à QA ser uma lesão pré-maligna
e que o tratamento precoce possui maior chance de cura, melhor qualidade de vida e
intervenções menos invasivas, além de diminuir a chance de evolução para CEC.
L’intégrité académique et ses enjeux stratégiques pour le continuum « Enseignement Supérieur –Recherche –Innovation »à l’heure des Gen-AI
Authors: Jeanne Ludovic
Published: February 2025

Dans le champ praxéologique de l’intelligence économique, l’intégrité académique n’est pas identifiée comme un enjeu majeur. Pourtant, en précisant le concept de continuum « Enseignement Supérieur -Recherche –Innovation » et en mettant ce dernier en relation avec les risques afférents à la fraude académique, nous pouvons mettre en évidence quatre enjeux stratégiques, s’inscrivant dans le champ de l’intelligence économique : la légitimité sociale, la confiance publique, le potentiel d’innovation et la fiabilité de la décision. Cela permet ensuite de mettre en évidence les conséquences de la fraude académique pour différents acteurs de ce continuum. Dès lors, il faut développer une vision extensive des enjeux de l’intégrité académique dans la société et renforcer ainsi la valeur d’une approche par la Responsabilité Sociétale Académique.
La prédation des savoirs échappe au monde académique : trois cas de pratiques mercantiles
Authors: Maisonneuve Hervé
Published: February 2025

La pression sur les chercheurs pour publier beaucoup d’articles, la possibilité de publier librement sans payement de la part du lecteur et un modèle économique nouveau (l’auteur devient le payeur) ont permis la prolifération de méconduites de la part des chercheurs, des rédacteurs de revues et des éditeurs. Nous décrivons trois cas: un vol d’article traduit et publié dans une autre langue, un expert piégé par une revue prédatrice, un expert naïf cautionnant une revue de complaisance. Nous avons besoin d’une information mieux faite sur ces dérives et d’une prise de conscience de la communauté scientifique. D’autres pratiques apparaissent, à savoir les moulins à articles (paper mills), sociétés commerciales qui produisent des manuscrits et proposent à des chercheurs de payer pour ajouter leur nom. La gestion des savoirs échappe au monde académique pour être laissée aux mains d’acteurs mercantiles. Les pratiques décrites nuisent à la crédibilité de la science par les chercheurs et le public. Les communautés scientifiques ne sont pas suffisamment vigilantes pour promouvoir des pratiques d’édition rigoureuses et éthiques.
L’utilisation académique d’IA générative : vers une réponse juridique ou éthique?
Authors: Zollinger Alexandre
Published: February 2025

Il n’est pas sûr que l’étudiant ou le chercheur, en incluant dans ses travaux un contenu généré par IA, porte atteinte ce faisant au droit d’un tiers. Une réponse académique semble toutefois nécessaire, car cette personne ne doit pas être étrangère à l’élaboration du contenu qu’elle présente comme sien, tant sur le fond que sur la forme. Quel peut être le fondement juridique d’une telle réponse ? Au-delà des qualifications traditionnelles (faute, fraude, contrefaçon), délicates à appliquer ici, l’impact du règlement européen sur l’intelligence artificielle, et plus particulièrement de la nouvelle obligation de transparence dans l’emploi d’IA générative qu’il vient consacrer, doit être étudié. Face aux incertitudes demeurant quant à l’applicabilité de cette nouvelle obligation, il peut apparaître utile, en parallèle, de préciser les usages académiques relatifs aux signatures de publication pour les adapter à l’emploi de ces outils, en amendant les règlements d’examen et chartes d’éthique et de déontologie. Une telle solution devrait s’accompagner de moyens techniques permettant d’identifier le recours à des IA. De plus, la réponse ne doit pas être trouvée dans le seul champ des sanctions potentielles, mais inclure une sensibilisation aux dangers, quantau fond, de l’emploi de ces outils, susceptibles d’être affectés par des biais et de générer des « hallucinations ». Une approche sous 4 angles complémentaires (juridique, technique, éthique et pédagogique) semble ainsi nécessaire pour répondre au défi del’utilisation académique d’IA générative.
Urithi wa Vivuli: Kufichua Nyuzi za Baada ya Ukoloni katika Riwaya ya Nguu za Jadi
Authors:   Chuo Kikuu cha Laikipia, Antony Waithiru Kago
Published: February 2025

Makala haya yanashughulikia urithi wa vivuli vya utawala wa kikoloni kwa kufichua nyuzi za baada ya ukoloni katika riwaya ya Nguu za Jadi iliyoandikwa na Clara Momanyi. Riwaya hii ilisomwa na mtafiti na baadaye masuala yaliyoonesha nyuzi za baada ya ukoloni yalidondolewa kwa kuzingatia lengo la makala haya. Lengo lenyewe lilikuwa kujadili jinsi ambavyo urithi wa vivuli huwekwa uchi kupitia nyuzi za baada ya ukoloni katika riwaya teule. Baadhi ya vivuli ni kama vile ukoloni mamboleo, ubaguzi, unyamazishaji, ufisadi, na uongozi mbaya. Kimsingi, makala haya yalichunguza namna madhara ya ukoloni yanavyoendelea kuathiri jamii baada ya kupata uhuru katika mfumo wa ukoloni mamboleo. Uchanganuzi wa makala haya uliongozwa na misingi ya Nadharia ya Baadaukoloni. Baadhi ya mihimili ya nadharia hii ni vita vya baada ya uhuru, ukoloni mamboleo, kuasi, na kutema. Uchanganuzi wa makala haya ulifanyika kwa kutumia mbinu ya kimaelezo. Njia kuu ya uchunguzi wa makala haya ilikuwa ya upekuzi-changanuzi wa yaliyomo. Ilibainika kuwa ubawa wa kibeberu ungali unayatawala mataifa ya ulimwengu wa tatu kupitia viongozi wa Afrika wanaotawaliwa na viongozi wa mataifa ya ulimwengu wa kwanza.
THỰC TRẠNG DINH DƯỠNG Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH ĐIỀU TRỊ NỘI TRÚ TẠI KHOA NỘI TIẾT BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG QUÂN ĐỘI 108
Authors: Lê Thanh Hà , Ngô Thị Phượng , Nguyễn Văn Tuấn
Published: February 2025

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát thực trạng dinh dưỡng và tìm hiểu một số yếu tố liên quan ở người bệnh điều trị nội trú tại khoa Nội tiết Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được tiến hành với cỡ mẫu 890 người bệnh điều trị nội trú từ tháng 1 năm 2023 đến tháng 1 năm 2024.
Kết quả: Tỷ lệ người bệnh có nguy cơ suy dinh dưỡng (SDD) theo SGA chiếm 53,1%. SDD theo BMI chiếm 10,0%. Người bệnh ≥ 60 tuổi có nguy cơ SDD cao hơn 6,9 lần so với nhóm <60 tuổi (p<0,05). Người mắc >2 bệnh có nguy cơ SDD cao hơn 2,7 lần so với nhóm ≤ 2 bệnh (p<0,05) và nhóm thiếu máu nguy cơ SDD cao hơn 8,5 lần so với nhóm không thiếu máu (p<0,05). Người bệnh nuôi ăn qua sonde dạ dày có nguy cơ SDD cao hơn 9,2 lần so với nhóm tự ăn tốt qua đường miệng (p<0,05).
Kết luận: Người bệnh có nguy cơ SDD khi nhập viện chiếm tỷ lệ cao. Có mối liên quan giữa nguy cơ SDD với tuổi, các bệnh đồng mắc, tình trạng thiếu máu và đường nuôi dưỡng. Vì vậy việc sàng lọc ngay từ khi nhập viện cần phải được thực hiện càng sớm càng tốt, từ đó phát hiện nguy cơ SDD để có định hướng can thiệp, hạn chế tối đa biến chứng
HOÀN THIỆN CÔNG NGHỆ SẢN XUẤT, ĐÁNH GIÁ HOẠT TÍNH SINH HỌC CỦA SẢN PHẨM NANO ĐÔNG TRÙNG HẠ THẢO TAM ĐẢO
Authors: Nguyễn Quốc Huy , Lê Nguyên Đương , Bá Thị Châm , Nguyễn Văn Tuấn , Nguyễn Văn Sơn , Trần Vân Anh
Published: February 2025

Mục tiêu: Hoàn thiện công nghệ sản xuất sản phẩm Nano Đông trùng hạ thảo Tam Đảo, công suất 3-5 kg/mẻ, đánh giá hoạt tính sinh học và xây dựng tiêu chuẩn cơ sở của sản phẩm.
Phương pháp: Nấm Đông trùng hạ thảo Tam Đảo sau thu hoạch được sấy thăng hoa, nghiền thành bột mịn có kích thước từ 1-2 mm và được chiết trong hỗn hợp dịch chiết (hỗn hợp cồn/nước ở các tỷ lệ v/v: 1/1, 1/2 và 2/1) ở nhiệt độ 50oC trong thời gian 2h. Thu dịch chiết và lọc. Lựa chọn công thức tạo chất mang Chitosan-PEG (tỉ lệ Chitosan/PEG (v/v): 5/5, 6/4, 7/3, 8/2, 9/1). Chất lượng Nano Đông trùng hạ thảo Tam Đảo được xác định các chỉ tiêu: kích thước hạt, hàm lượng adenosine, hàm lượng cordycepin và đánh giá một số hoạt tính sinh học.
Kết quả: Hoàn thiện công nghệ sản xuất sản phẩm Nano Đông trùng hạ thảo Tam Đảo, công suất 3-5 kg/mẻ: bột Đông trùng hạ thảo 1-2 mm chiết trong dịch chiết cồn/nước: 1/1 (v/v) ở 50 oC trong 2h. Hệ chất mang chitosan/PEG: 7/3 (v/v). Sản phẩm Nano Đông trùng hạ thảo Tam Đảo có kích thước < 100 nm, đạt TCCS số 01:2024/HTX đảm bảo các quy định về vệ sinh an toàn thực phẩm (QCVN 8-3:2012/BYT và QCVN 8-2:2012/BYT).
Kết luận: Đã hoàn thiện công nghệ sản xuất sản phẩm Nano Đông trùng hạ thảo Tam Đảo, công suất 3-5 kg/mẻ, xác định được hoạt tính sinh học và xây dựng tiêu chuẩn cơ sở TCCS số 01:2024/HTX của sản phẩm.
Sustainable development goals: the scenario of nations with emerging economies
Authors: Menco Pájaro Rafael Elías , Lambis Segrera Indira , Severiche Sierra Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2025

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were established by the United Nations in 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda, aiming to eradicate poverty, protect the environment, and ensure global prosperity. While they provide a universal framework, their implementation in developing countries faces significant challenges due to resource shortages, structural inequalities, and weak institutions. SDGs 1 and 2 are crucial for poverty and hunger reduction, while gender equality (SDG 5) and climate action (SDG 13) present critical obstacles. International cooperation and investment in infrastructure and education are essential for success. Cases like Rwanda have shown progress in gender equality and poverty reduction, whereas countries like Brazil and Mexico continue to struggle with persistent inequalities. Adapting the SDGs to specific national contexts is key to achieving sustainable development.
Consumption of psychoactive substances and depression in adolescents in the municipality of Aracataca, Magdalena, Colombia
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Dustin Tahisin , Barbosa Pérez Ehyder Mario , Martínez Ramírez Carlos David
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research was to identify a possible relationship between the consumption of psychoactive substances and depression in a group of lower secondary education adolescents at a state educational institution in the municipality of Aracataca, Magdalena, Colombia. The methodology employed was quantitative, through a descriptive-correlational study. The sample consisted of 106 intentionally selected students, comprising 57 girls and 51 boys. The age range was 13 to 17 years, belonging to socioeconomic stratum 1, and they were in the 9th grade. The CDS questionnaire was applied to assess the presence of depression, and the abbreviated DUSI-R to determine the consumption of psychoactive substances. The research revealed a significant correlation between the consumption of psychoactive substances and the presence of depressive symptoms in adolescents, a finding that illuminates the complexity of the factors influencing mental health in this population. This discovery underscores the importance of adopting a holistic approach in the care of adolescents, addressing both substance use and mental health problems comprehensively. The interrelationship between these two factors suggests that they can mutually influence each other, highlighting the need for interventions that address both aspects simultaneously and in coordination. By adopting a comprehensive and proactive approach—including prevention and treatment—it is possible to promote the overall well-being of adolescents and reduce the negative impact of these factors on their development and quality of life.
Echoes in the Genome: Smoking’s Epigenetic Fingerprints and Bidirectional Neurobiological Pathways in Addiction and Disease
Authors: Alqaraleh Muhyeeddin , Subhi Al-Batah Mohammad , Salem Alzboon Mowafaq , Alzboon Faisal , Alzboon Lujin , Nayef Alamoush Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Smoking remains a global health crisis, contributing to addiction and diverse diseases through complex biological mechanisms. This study explores the hypothesis that smoking induces epigenetic modifications and alters bidirectional neurobiological pathways, perpetuating addiction and disease progression. Leveraging a dataset of 55,692 individuals with 27 health metrics, we analyze associations between smoking status and physiological markers (e.g., lipid profiles, blood pressure, liver enzymes) to infer potential epigenetic and neurobiological mediators. Preliminary data reveal significant correlations between smoking and elevated triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and liver function markers, suggesting systemic inflammation and oxidative stress as plausible intermediaries. We propose a methodology integrating bioinformatics and systems biology to map smoking-associated phenotypic changes to epigenetic loci (e.g., DNA methylation) and neural circuits (e.g., dopaminergic pathways). This work aims to bridge clinical observations with molecular mechanisms, offering insights into personalized interventions targeting smoking’s epigenetic "fingerprints" and their neurobiological consequences.
Impact of Feedback on the development of self-regulation and autonomous learning skills
Authors: Conde Arteaga Bismar Ariel , Lastra Cordero Johana , Peláez Álava Jessica  Viviana , Segura Quiñonez Leili , Piza Burgos Narcisa  Dolores
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This study analyzed the influence of teacher feedback on the development of self-regulation and autonomous learning in first-year high school students in the Social Sciences area of the Fiscal Camilo Ponce Enríquez Educational Unit. Feedback is considered a key element in teaching, as it allows for the strengthening of students' autonomy and control of the learning process.Methodology: A mixed approach was applied, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, with a sample of 90 students selected from a population of 118. Through surveys and statistical analysis with SPSS software, the students' perception of teacher guidance and its impact on academic performance was evaluated. The results showed that 73.33% of the students perceive teacher feedback positively, highlighting its role in improving learning. In addition, a moderate positive correlation (0.544) was identified between feedback and self-regulation, as well as a strong correlation (0.713) with autonomous learning. These findings support the hypothesis that effective feedback contributes significantly to the development of students who are more autonomous and responsible for their educational process.Conclusions: In conclusion, teacher feedback is a key factor in learning, favoring both self-regulation and student autonomy. It is recommended to strengthen pedagogical strategies that promote more personalized and continuous feedback, thus optimizing the teaching-learning process.
HIV Intervention Strategies in Angola: Impact and Challenges
Authors: Caballero Camacho José Arcadio , Díaz Niurka Taureaux
Published: February 2025

HIV/AIDS has been a global health crisis since its identification in 1981, affecting sub-Saharan Africa in particular. Angola has faced multiple challenges in its control, including limited access to diagnostic tests, a shortage of medicines and sociocultural barriers that make it difficult to adhere to antiretroviral treatment. Between 2022 and 2024, the country implemented strategies to improve care and reduce stigmatisation. The study addressed the impact of HIV on Angolan public health and the effectiveness of a group intervention at the Moxico Municipal Hospital. This strategy led to improvements in therapeutic adherence and a reduction in the viral load of patients. Furthermore, the combination of multidisciplinary approaches, community education and psychological support proved to be key to optimising the quality of life of people with HIV. Despite the progress made, access to information and health services continues to be a challenge in Angola. Factors such as low levels of education and poverty limit the effectiveness of prevention programmes. The group intervention showed that psychosocial and educational support helps to reduce discrimination and increase community integration. It is recommended that these strategies be strengthened and replicated in other regions of the country.
Alternating pneumatic measurement: a highly usability, safe and affordable option, a case report
Authors: Bueno Gómez Ricardo Emilio , Torres Ruvalcaba Diana Karina , Lopez Cabrera Norma Guadalupe , Palacios Ríos Dionicio , Guevara Valtier Milton Carlos
Published: February 2025

A simple, safe and affordable pneumothorax tamponade method was designed and tested for preliminary operation in patients requiring endotracheal intubation. Correct execution of pneumothorax tamponade with objective measurements prevents complications such as pneumonia. The method was a case study of a patient requiring endotracheal intubation. Devices such as an aneroid manometer and other materials were used to make up the measuring equipment for the design and preliminary function test. The pneumothorax tamponade device was found to be practical, safe and affordable in its preliminary assessment. It is concluded that, based on its preliminary effect, it is a practical, safe and affordable device that requires replication in practice and careful handling.
The ICT course and its relationship with literality
Authors: Zaragoza Alvarado Guillermo Alejandro
Published: February 2025

The Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been revolutionized in recent decades, bringing the change in the way as man communicates and interacts. Before it was decided to include Information Technology and Communication (ICT) in educational institutions, which are aimed to support the teaching- learning process in which it was observed that the subject is passive environment managed computer only to copy the information found therein. This study was conducted at two institutions of inclusive secondary education for 117 students at the College Paulo Freire and Pascal A.C. College, which are located in the city of Aguascalientes state capital. the quantitative approach, with a quasi-experimental design in order to determine whether the ICT course has a relationship as part of the learning process of the students was used. Under the constructivist approach and structure of literacy, and implement designed a course to the control group with four axes, namely:. ICT literacy, ethical and legal use of information and construction of learning, once the 2015 - intervention, the application of Postest students 2014 school year was held. The results generally show a favorable disposition by students in this new way of working for them, since an increase was achieved in the use of ICT favorably and this is reflected in the way as implemented in investigations and tasks of other subjects.
Strategic analysis of porter's five competitive forces model applied to the higher education sector Universidad Nacional de Pilar, year, 2024
Authors: Silva Quintana César Adán
Published: February 2025

The National University of Pilar (UNP), founded in 1991 and formalized by Law Number 529/94, is a key institution in higher education in Paraguay. In an environment of rapid change and high competition, ensuring the quality and sustainability of its programs is a fundamental challenge. This study uses Porter's five forces model to analyze UNP's competitive position, assessing the threat of new competitors, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of students and their families, the presence of substitute products, and rivalry in the sector. The objective is to analyze how these forces affect UNP's competitiveness. To this end, five specific objectives are established. The research is descriptive and explanatory, with a qualitative approach. Data are collected through interviews and documentary analysis with participants including students, teachers, and directors and coordinators. The findings indicate that UNP faces increasing competition from private universities that offer similar programs with greater flexibility. The threat of substitutes, such as online courses and technical training programs, also affects the demand for its programs.
Leadership style in the self-development unit of the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Zulia
Authors: Acosta Daniel Román
Published: February 2025

This work was aimed to analyze the dominant leadership in the self-unit of the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences of the University of Zulia, in Maracaibo. The study is based and supported by experts in the area of leadership such as Krieger (1996), Maxwell (1998), Bravo (1999) and Rodriguez Hernandez (2006), Chiavenato (2007), Covey (1992), among others. Giving contributions to define, characterize, formulate and develop research. The research was descriptive with a field design, not experimental. Transversal. The population consisted of 17 subjects of the aforementioned institution. Climb a questionnaire comprised of 36 items and five answer choices designed: always, almost always, often, sometimes and never; validated through technical trial of eight experts in the field. Reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, obtaining a reliability score of 0.962 thus obtaining a highly reliable result. The contributed data were analyzed by means of graphics. It resulted that the leadership provided by the head of this unit are not referring to a particular leadership, in fact, the most striking and most widely accepted reference a democratic and liberal leadership, since each actor assumes leadership where All opinions and participate but is itself the final decision according to their abilities and aptitudes. Also, it is noted that the leader has a positive impact and add value to people within the unit, emphasizing the participatory decision making where it was shown that always involved at all of the decisions that are assumed in the unit but is rare a time when taking majority decisions but never and rarely gave him one or more awards at the end of each school day.
Artistic Self-Assessment and Divergent Thinking in Ecuadorian Secondary Students
Authors: Medina Wilson , Tepán María , Monar Rosa , Barandica Evelyn , Quimiz Adriana
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the influence of cultural and artistic education on the development of critical and creative thinking among first-year high school students at Unidad Educativa Fiscal "Ocho de Enero" in Jipijapa. A significant problem was identified regarding the limited integration of artistic activities into the educational curriculum, which considerably restricted opportunities to foster divergent thinking skills in young people. To address this issue, a methodological approach was designed that included creative workshops in various artistic disciplines, such as music, dance, theater, and visual arts. These workshops aimed not only to encourage active student participation but also to create an environment that valued and stimulated creativity among students from diverse backgrounds. The main results indicated that the proposal significantly enhanced students' creativity and promoted teamwork, problem-solving skills, and critical thinking, thereby contributing to their comprehensive development as participatory and committed citizens. Continuous evaluation of the workshops and feedback from participants provided valuable insights for adjusting and optimizing activities based on students’ needs and preferences. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the proposal in developing creative competencies among students was clearly demonstrated, highlighting the importance of integrating artistic education into current educational contexts. This integration enhances the personal and academic growth of young people, fostering a holistic education that benefits both students and the broader community. Ultimately, it creates a vibrant educational environment where creativity can flourish and positively impact future generations.
Active methodologies in civic education: The impact of Design Thinking in citizenship education
Authors: Asanza Romero Adriana Elizabeth , Quinteros Kohlhauser Joffre Vicente , Montero Reyes Yilena , Bastidas Cazares Iliana Verónica , Gallardo Solís Joanna Maricela
Published: February 2025

The study addressed the teaching of Citizenship Education at the Llano Chico Educational Unit, identifying challenges in students' understanding and participation. It was observed that, despite obtaining good grades, students showed little interest and knowledge about citizenship and rights. This problem was attributed to traditional teaching methods and the scarce use of active strategies that encourage participation.Faced with this problem, the research proposed the implementation of the Design Thinking methodology in the teaching of citizenship. This approach promotes active participation, practice-based learning and the development of critical and creative skills. It was argued that student disinterest could be due to the lack of innovative pedagogical tools and the predominant theoretical approach to teaching.Previous studies have shown that Design Thinking facilitates the understanding of concepts by involving students in the construction of their knowledge. In addition, it strengthens autonomous learning, teamwork and problem solving. Research such as that of Ramírez (2023) and Dorland (2024) highlighted the importance of active methodologies for the teaching of various disciplines, including social sciences and civic education.Finally, it was concluded that the use of Design Thinking in Citizenship Education could improve student engagement, allowing for more meaningful teaching tailored to their interests and needs.
Innovation in teaching citizenship: The impact of Design Thinking in the classroom
Authors: Asanza Romero Adriana Elizabeth , Quinteros Kohlhauser Joffre Vicente , Montero Reyes Yilena , Bastidas Cazares Iliana Verónica , Gallardo Solís Joanna Maricela
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Citizenship Education (CE) was established as a key component in the formation of critical citizens committed to society. Over time, it was observed that its traditional teaching, based on memorization and transmission of theoretical knowledge, failed to generate a real connection with the daily life of students. In response to this problem, Design Thinking (DT) emerged as an innovative methodology that promoted active participation and critical thinking in learning.Development: The research analyzed the application of Design Thinking in the teaching of CE, highlighting its ability to improve students' motivation and understanding. It was identified that this methodology allowed students to detect real problems, formulate creative solutions and work collaboratively in their implementation. In addition, DT strengthened essential skills such as empathy, decision making and autonomous learning. It was shown that its use in the classroom encouraged reflection and the practice of citizenship values, overcoming the limitations of traditional approaches.Conclusions: The findings confirmed that Design Thinking enhanced CE teaching by making it more interactive and relevant. However, its implementation required teacher training and curricular adjustments. It was concluded that this methodology not only improved students' learning, but also fostered their participation in democratic and social life, strengthening their role as active citizens.