bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Author Meets Critics: The Social Impact of Advertising: Confessions of an (Ex-)Advertising Man
Authors: Kelso Tony , Carter-David Siobhan , Einstein Mara , Kreshel Peggy J. , Piety Tamara R. , Timke Edward
Published: April 2020

Abstract: This Author Meets Critics conversation focuses on Tony Kelso's book The Social Impact of Advertising: Confessions of an (Ex-)Advertising Man (Rowman & Littlefield, 2019). Kelso meets with other advertising experts from several fields to discuss the following topics: what is meant by the social impact of advertising, the wealth of social and cultural topics covered in the book, using personal reflections in a textbook, the importance of history in understanding advertising, the effectiveness of digital advertising, the applicability of the book in teaching various survey courses, the ideologies and values supported by advertising, and advice for professors and industry practitioners. The book covers a brief history of modern advertising in the United States, advertising's influence on the so-called non-advertising content of the media and digital surveillance, the ideological themes advertising inadvertently delivers, how advertising can privilege or marginalize various social constructions of identity, the controversial practice of targeting children, and how corporations often use advertising to present a positive face while masking some of their profoundly darker sides.
Time's Up/Advertising: Where's the Discussion Now? And Around What Table?
Authors: Lambiase Jacqueline , Bronstein Carolyn
Published: April 2020

Abstract: This call-to-action essay encourages the female industry leaders who founded Time's Up/Advertising in early 2018 to remain in the fight against industry-wide patterns of sexual harassment and discrimination. The absorption of the two-year-old advertising movement within the overall Time's Up organization has reframed the advertising effort from collective, woman-driven, agency-wide changes to one of individual redress and generalized advice and research. This does not address the specific needs of the advertising industry. While it is admirable and necessary to support individual women, that doesn't ensure industry-wide change that is tracked through consistent and annual climate surveys targeting the advertising industry.
A Prescription for Health: (Pseudo)Scientific Advertising of Fruits and Vegetables in the Early 20th Century
Authors: Nelson Michelle R. , Das Susmita , Ahn Regina Jihea
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Our analysis of print advertising in the early twentieth century reveals that in an era of scientific discovery and therapeutic ethos, fruits and vegetables were advertised as medical tonics, with "prescriptions" that included recommended daily doses, to ward off or cure real or imagined medical ailments (flu, listlessness, acidosis). During this time of post-patent advertising fallout and the Truth in Advertising movement, we show how advertisers used scientific (and pseudoscientific) tactics to gain credibility while convincing women that careful attention to nutrition as a science was the way to achieve a happy and healthy family. We argue the national brands' and growers' associations within the advertising institution contributed to public knowledge and confusion about nutrition and foods in early medicalization of fruits and vegetables. This paper charts the history of advertising techniques in communicating health information via fruit and vegetable advertising and anticipates the implications of national advertising on nutrition education in society today.
Good Taste: Teaching Art, Ads, and Digital Culture
Authors: Shipp Kayla
Published: April 2020

Abstract: This Advertising in the Classroom article details a first-year writing course at Emory University entitled "Good Taste: The Art of Food Advertising," which taught students to analyze their culture through food art and food advertisements. The course was intended to attract students who loved food, but more specifically, students interested in looking at the many ways food has been portrayed over time. The course explored personal perceptions and media representations of food, and what they can collectively teach us about how we perceive and represent ourselves and our social contexts. The author also reflects on the importance of teaching students raised and immersed in digital social contexts to critically read the cultural media they encounter every day.
Compact, high-performance, and fabrication friendly two-mode division multiplexer based on a silicon bent directional coupler
Authors: Mehrabi Kolsoom , Zarifkar Abbas , Babaei Mahsa
Published: April 2020

In response to the increasing demands of the capacity enhancement of optical communication, a compact and high-performance silicon mode division multiplexer is proposed that multiplexes the fundamental and first-order transverse magnetic modes. The device structure is based on an asymmetric bent directional coupler with an ultrasmall coupling length of 3.67 µm. Utilizing single-layer silicon waveguides with the same heights allows the proposed device to be fabricated using a single-step CMOS-compatible fabrication process, which provides a cost-effective design in comparison with the previously reported structures. The three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation results confirm that the device has a low loss of 0.87 dB, low crosstalk of

−

21.8

d
B

, and high mode conversion efficiency of 98.3% at the communication wavelength of 1.55 µm. Furthermore, the device shows a broad bandwidth of about 110 nm, completely covering the C and L bands with crosstalk less than

−

10

d
B

. Moreover, it is shown that the proposed mode (de)multiplexer is fabrication tolerant for the coupling gap variation of

−

40

n
m

<
Δ

g

<

23

n
m

and the waveguide width variation of

−

25

n
m

<
Δ

W

<

25

n
m

for a low loss of

<

−

1.67

d
B

and low crosstalk of

<

−

10

d
B

.
Machine learning and evolutionary algorithm studies of graphene metamaterials for optimized plasmon-induced transparency
Authors: Zhang Tian , Liu Qi , Dan Yihang , Yu Shuai , Han Xu , Dai Jian , Xu Kun
Published: April 2020

Machine learning and optimization algorithms have been widely applied in the design and optimization for photonics devices. We briefly review recent progress of this field of research and show data-driven applications, including spectrum prediction, inverse design and performance optimization, for novel graphene metamaterials (GMs). The structure of the GMs is well-designed to achieve the wideband plasmon induced transparency (PIT) effect, which can be theoretically demonstrated by using the transfer matrix method. Some traditional machine learning algorithms, including k nearest neighbour, decision tree, random forest and artificial neural networks, are utilized to equivalently substitute the numerical simulation in the forward spectrum prediction and complete the inverse design for the GMs. The calculated results demonstrate that all algorithms are effective and the random forest has advantages in terms of accuracy and training speed. Moreover, evolutionary algorithms, including single-objective (genetic algorithm) and multi-objective optimization (NSGA-II), are used to achieve the steep transmission characteristics of PIT effect by synthetically taking many different performance metrics into consideration. The maximum difference between the transmission peaks and dips in the optimized transmission spectrum reaches 0.97. In comparison to previous works, we provide a guidance for intelligent design of photonics devices based on machine learning and evolutionary algorithms and a reference for the selection of machine learning algorithms for simple inverse design problems.
Important role of surface plasmon coupling with the quantum wells in a surface plasmon enhanced color-converting structure of colloidal quantum dots on quantum wells
Authors: Wang Yao-Tseng , Wu Ruei-Nan , Ni Chia-Chun , Lu Cai-Chen , Cai Cheng-Jin , Tse Wai Fong , Chang Wen-Yen , Kuo Yang , Kiang Yean-Woei , Yang C. C.
Published: April 2020

To improve the color-conversion efficiency based on a quantum-well (QW) light-emitting diode (LED), a more energy-saving strategy is needed to increase the energy transfer efficiency from the electrical input power of the LED into the emission of over-coated color-converter, not just from LED emission into converted light. In this regard, the efficiency of energy transfer of any mechanism from LED QW into the color-converter is an important issue. By overlaying blue-emitting QW structures and GaN templates with both deposited metal nanoparticles (DMNPs) and color-converting quantum dot (QD) linked synthesized metal nanoparticles (SMNPs) of different localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance wavelengths for producing multiple surface plasmon (SP) coupling mechanisms with the QW and QD, we study the enhancement variations of their internal quantum efficiencies and photoluminescence decay times. By comparing the QD emission efficiencies between the samples with and without QW, one can observe the advantageous effect of QW coupling with LSP resonances on QD emission efficiency. Also, with the LSP resonance wavelengths of both DMNPs and SMNPs close to the QW emission wavelength for producing strong SP coupling with the QW and hence QD absorption, a higher QD emission or color-conversion efficiency can be obtained.
Exploiting black phosphorus based-Tamm plasmons in the terahertz region
Authors: Pan Jintao , Zhu Wenguo , Zheng Huadan , Yu Jianhui , Chen Yaofei , Guan Heyuan , Lu Huihui , Zhong Yongchun , Luo Yunhan , Chen Zhe
Published: April 2020

Polarization-sensitive Tamm plasmons are investigated in a multi-layer photonic configuration where a monolayer black phosphorus (BP) is coated on a Bragg mirror separated by a dielectric. Owing to the in-plane anisotropy of BP, the Tamm plasmon can be excited selectively by tuning the BP carrier density. Cross-polarization conversion occurs when the armchair direction of BP makes an angle with the incident plan, i.e., ϕ≠0 or 90°. The BP-based Tamm device can be used as an intensity modulator with a modulation depth up to ∼100% and an insertion loss smaller than -0.55 dB. By analyzing the polarization evolution carefully, a multichannel polarization division multiplexing scheme is proposed and discussed. These findings open a new avenue for exploiting versatile tunable THz devices based on the monolayer of BP.
Possibilities of wide-angle tellurium dioxide acousto-optic cell application for the optical frequency comb generation
Authors: Mantsevich Sergey N. , Kupreychik Maxim I. , Balakshy Vladimir I.
Published: April 2020

The development of the optical frequency comb (OFC) generation and practical application methods is one of the most important and rapidly developing areas of the modern optical electronics. One of the comb types is acousto-optical (AO) OFCs. This type of OFCs is obtained by the multiple passage of an optical signal through a closed loop containing an acousto-optic frequency shifter (AOFS). Despite the fact that AO OFCs have been studied quite intensively lately, the published papers did not focus on the influence of the main element, the AO cell used as AOFS, parameters on the characteristics of the obtained optical comb, primarily on the comb spectral width, number of spectral components and its envelope shape. In this paper, we perform a theoretical analysis of all possiblities in paratellurite crystal wide-angle AO diffraction geometries in order to determine the most suitable for the application as AOFS in a frequency shifting loop.
Impact of pump-signal overlap in S+C+L band discrete Raman amplifiers
Authors: Iqbal Md Asif , Di Rosa Gabriele , Krzczanowicz Lukasz , Phillips Ian , Harper Paul , Richter André , Forysiak Wladek
Published: April 2020

We experimentally investigate the impact of pump-signal overlap in ultra-wideband (>13THz) Raman amplifiers and measure the transmission penalty on 30GBaud PM-QPSK signals due to adjacent Raman pumps in a 15dB gain, 150nm (∼18.8THz) S+C+L-band discrete Raman amplifier. We present an efficient numerical model to predict the performance penalty induced by crosstalk from Rayleigh backscattered light from backward-propagating Raman pumps showing good agreement with the experimental results. A 4nm guard-band must be retained around an overlapping Raman pump based on typical, commercial semiconductor laser pump diodes to ensure a negligible transmission penalty in S-band.
Computer-generated-hologram-based holographic data storage using common-path off-axis digital holography
Authors: Yoneda Naru , Saita Yusuke , Nomura Takanori
Published: April 2020

A reconstruction method for multilevel complex encoded data-pages is proposed to increase the recording density of computer-generated-hologram-based holographic data storage by using off-axis digital holography. Although the detection process is based on off-axis digital holography, the proposed method keeps the optical setup a simple and common-path configuration owing to the computer-generated holography. Five-level complex encoded data-pages can be experimentally reconstructed.
To share is to receive: News as social currency for social media reciprocity
Authors: Tandoc Edson C. , Huang Alice , Duffy Andrew , Ling Rich , Kim Nuri
Published: April 2020

Guided by the framework of reciprocity on social media, the current study investigated antecedents of news sharing. Using a two-wave panel survey involving 868 respondents who took two surveys about one year apart, this study examined the effect of frequency of receiving news on social media on subsequent news-sharing behaviour, while controlling for demographics, news-sharing motivations and trust in social media news. The study found that motivation for self-presentation and trust in news shared by one's social media network positively predicted news sharing on social media. Frequency of receiving news at Time 1 also predicted sharing news subsequently at Time 2. This points to news being valued as a form of social currency.
Financial capability, the financial crisis and trust in news media
Authors: Knowles Sophie , Schifferes Steve
Published: April 2020

Since the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 the financial media has been analysed from the perspectives of experts and far less from the audiences who consume it. This article fills this gap by exploring public consumption of financial news and their levels of satisfaction. It explores another, less researched, issue; that of financial literacy, which is a major impediment to public understanding and is weaker among women, young people and the less affluent. Consequently, the study makes the following suggestions: financial journalism needs to respond to a wide audience and provide more useful, unbiased and accessible financial news; personal finance news, which is an under-researched genre, could build financial capability levels and might improve trust between media and its audiences; and the financial media should be considered a key player by policy-makers if they want to bolster financial capability.
La Etnoarqueología Cerámica, una herramienta fundamental para el estudio de la alfarería prehistórica
Authors: Lazarich María , Ramos-Gil Antonio , González-Pérez Juan Luíz , Cruz-Busto Mª José , Versaci Mercedes
Published: April 2020

Desde hace más de tres años venimos realizando un proyecto encaminado al estudio de la producción cerámica que realizan las alfareras amaziges2 del Rif. Aunque nuestros objetivos son más amplios, ya que además pretendemos una mejora social y económica de estas mujeres. Consideramos la etnoarqueología como una disciplina que nos aporta una información muy valiosa para la obtención de hipótesis sobre las sociedades del pasado. Con esta comunicación queremos dar a conocer la alfarería de una comunidad agropastoril con economía de subsistencia, que nos puede ayudar a resolver muchas de las dudas a la hora de abordar un estudio cerámico de las sociedades pretéritas.
Comparison of the first Iranian native Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale vaccine with conventional vaccine: A challenge study
Authors: Ghasemipour N. , Goudarzi H. , Banani M. , Asasi K.
Published: April 2020

Background and Aim: The best strategy to prevent or control an Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection is vaccination. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of the first Iranian inactivated ORT vaccine (Razi, Iran), which had been prepared from a native strain, with the Nobilis ORT Inac (Intervet, The Netherlands) through a challenge trial.

Materials and Methods: Seventy-two 1-day-old specific pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens were used in this study. The birds were divided randomly into four groups. Following the vaccination and challenge of the birds, the efficacy of the Razi and the Intervet ORT vaccines was evaluated by serological, bacteriological, and molecular methods.

Results: The antibody titer in vaccinated groups was determined to be significantly higher than unvaccinated birds. In addition, the difference in postmortem lesion scores between the vaccinated and unvaccinated birds was significant. The differences in the means of the antibody titers and postmortem lesion scores in birds that were vaccinated by the Razi and Intervet ORT vaccines were not significant.

Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Iranian native ORT vaccine was comparable to the Intervet vaccine. The Razi ORT vaccine has effectively decreased the duration of the ORT infection and can effectively protect the chickens against an ORT infection.
In vitro rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in tropical grass-legume rations
Authors: Makmur Malik , Zain Mardiati , Agustin Fauzia , Sriagtula Riesi , Putri Ezi Masdia
Published: April 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various combinations of tropical grass-legume species in rations on the biohydrogenation (BH) activity of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), C18:0 composition, and fermentation profile in an in vitro rumen system.

Materials and Methods: Samples of the following five fodder plants were used: One species of grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and four species of tree legumes (Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Indigofera zollingeriana). The following eight experimental diets were evaluated: 50% P. purpureum + 50% L. leucocephala (LL I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% G. sepium (GS I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% C. calothyrsus (CC I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% I. zollingeriana (IZ I); 75% P. purpureum + 25% L. leucocephala (LL II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% G. sepium (GS II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% C. calothyrsus (CC II); and 75% P. purpureum + 25% I. zollingeriana (IZ II). Each ration was replicated 3 times. In vitro rumen incubation was performed for 48 h, according to the Tilley and Terry method. Determination of the FA profiles of the forage materials and rumen fluid samples was performed using gas chromatography.

Results: The percentage of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in the forage materials ranged from 34.18% (P. purpureum) to 74.51% (C. calothyrsus). The percentage of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) ranged from 5.06% (P. purpureum) to 8.71% (L. leucocephala). The percentage of saturated FA (SFA) was the lowest at 19.12% (C. calothyrsus) and highest at 60.76% (P. purpureum). In vitro BH of C18:3 n-3, C18:2 n-6, C18:1 n-9, and C18 PUFA in the experimental diets ranged from 72% to 100%. The BH of C18:1 n-9 in GS I (80%) and IZ I (72%) was significantly different (p<0.05). The percentage of C18:0 was 10-50% and significantly different (p<0.05) among treatments, with the highest (of 50%) in GS II. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in the fermentation parameters (pH, total volatile FAs, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and in vitro organic matter digestibility) among the treatments, except in NH3 concentration (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The various combinations of tropical legumes do not have significant inhibitory effects on the BH of C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, and C18 PUFA after in vitro incubation for 48 h. Furthermore, an increase in the tropical legume ratio in the ration tends to suppress C18:0 formation after the fermentation simulation process. IZ I has the potential to reduce C18:1 n-9 (MUFA) disappearance and yield an ideal rumen fermentation profile.
Double Stenting for Malignant Biliary and Duodenal Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fábián Anna , Bor Renáta , Gede Noémi , Bacsur Péter , Pécsi Dániel , Hegyi Péter , Tóth Barbara , Szakács Zsolt , Vincze Áron , Ruzsics István , Rakonczay Zoltán , Erőss Bálint , Sepp Róbert , Szepes Zoltán
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Data about the efficacy of palliative double stenting for malignant duodenal and biliary obstruction are limited.

METHODS:

A systematic literature search was performed to assess the feasibility and optimal method of double stenting for malignant duodenobiliary obstruction compared with surgical double bypass in terms of technical and clinical success, adverse events, reinterventions, and survival. Event rates with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

RESULTS:

Seventy-two retrospective and 8 prospective studies published until July 2018 were included. Technical and clinical success rates of double stenting were 97% (95%–99%) and 92% (89%–95%), respectively. Clinical success of endoscopic biliary stenting was higher than that of surgery (97% [94%–99%] vs 86% [78%–92%]). Double stenting was associated with less adverse events (13% [8%–19%] vs 28% [19%–38%]) but more frequent need for reintervention (21% [16%–27%] vs 10% [4%–19%]) than double bypass. No significant difference was found between technical and clinical success and reintervention rate of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic drainage, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage. ERCP was associated with the least adverse events (3% [1%–6%]), followed by percutaneous transhepatic drainage (10% [0%–37%]) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (23% [15%–33%]).

DISCUSSION:

Substantially high technical and clinical success can be achieved with double stenting. Based on the adverse event profile, ERCP can be recommended as the first choice for biliary stenting as part of double stenting, if feasible. Prospective comparative studies with well-defined outcomes and cohorts are needed.
Unidad didáctica y lúdica para explicar el fenómeno de contaminación del agua
Authors: Morales Pinzón Tito , González Cardona María Zulay
Published: April 2020

La apropiación conceptual de los problemas ambientales a nivel científico enfrenta dificultades derivadas de los métodos de enseñanza y la falta de herramientas didácticas, lo cual afecta el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, las competencias científicas del área de ciencias naturales y la educación ambiental. El objetivo planteado fue realizar una unidad didáctica para la explicación de fenómenos ambientales a través de lúdica y simulación en el aula, usando como estudio de caso la contaminación de fuentes hídricas por vertimientos domésticos. Como metodología se partió de la aplicación de una prueba de conocimientos o pretest, se realizó una valoración cualitativa de la condición socioeconómica de los estudiantes, se obtuvo la caracterización de estilos de aprendizaje y se diseñó una unidad didáctica que constó de siete actividades, realizadas en tres horas semanales durante dos meses. Al final, se aplicó un postest usando el mismo cuestionario. Como resultados se encontró, en promedio, que los estudiantes lograron un avance significativo en la competencia evaluada, lo cual incrementó el resultado de la evaluación del 31,8% al 64,4%, con un efecto favorable del desarrollo de la unidad didáctica.
Crea tu estrategia, videojuego para potenciar la creatividad en niños en edad inicial
Authors: Acuña Agudelo María Piedad , Barragán Gómez Johan , Triana Archila Deiby Alejandro
Published: April 2020

El proyecto de investigación en sentido estricto se realizó en la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB). La problemática en la escuela permite resaltar la necesidad de asumir que la tecnología ha modificado la forma de afrontar muchas disciplinas, pero no ha ocurrido un cambio radical en los métodos y los programas de enseñanza. El propósito planteado fue diseñar un videojuego como estrategia didáctica para potenciar la creatividad en niños en edad inicial. En el desarrollo del trabajo se empleó la investigación descriptiva, bajo un enfoque cualitativo. Para la elaboración del videojuego se realizaron los siguientes pasos: el desarrollo de la interfaz, la ubicación del menú que permita acceder al juego de forma directa o a las instrucciones a tener en cuenta para participar en él, la configuración de los controles (o joysticks), el diseño del mundo virtual en el que se desarrolló el videojuego, la selección del tiempo de duración del videojuego, la elaboración del procedimiento de interacción con el videojuego y las instrucciones. Todo esto llevó a plantear la pregunta: ¿De qué manera la interacción con videojuegos como estrategia didáctica fomenta la creatividad en niños en edad inicial? Entre los resultados se encuentran la revisión del estado del arte de instrumentos para evaluar el desarrollo de la creatividad en edad inicial, el diseño de videojuegos como estrategia didáctica que permita potenciar la creatividad en niños en edad inicial, la evaluación de videojuegos existentes en el medio a fin de identificar elementos diferenciadores con relación a su uso como estrategia didáctica, y la valoración de la viabilidad del videojuego diseñado en cuanto estrategia didáctica para potenciar la creatividad. Entre las conclusiones se menciona que los niños y jóvenes buscan más entretenimiento .
Identification of bioactive constituents in Coldenia procumbens L. and its antidiabetic activity against streptozotocin induced Wistar albino rats
Authors: Rethinam Ganesan , Venkatanarasimhan Mathuram
Published: April 2020

Background

Type II diabetes, a multifactorial progressive disorder is the prime concern of the twenty-first century. Modern medicine is proven effective in delaying the effects of diabetes. However, the side effects are amplified over time. In order to find relief from side effects, people are rigorously searching for alternative treatment.

Objective

In this study, we aim to identify the bioactive components in the Coldenia procumbens L. and assess its anti-diabetic effect.

Materials and Methods

Initially, the plant was extracted using chloroform and methanol. Both the extracts were analysed using IR Spectrum and NMR. The methanol extract of Coldenia procumbens L. was assessed for its anti-hyperglycaemic activity against streptozotocin induced animals.

Results

The IR spectrum of the extracts was compared with standard compounds and four compounds, α-amyrin, β-sitosterol, β-stigmasterol and wedelolactone was identified. Methanol extract of Coldenia procumbens L. decreased glucose levels in serum and enzymes levels. Histopathology of pancreas showed excellent recovery from the damage induced by streptozotocin.

Conclusion

The compounds identified in Coldenia procumbens L. have significant anti-diabetic, insulin mimetic and insulin secretory activities with their complete mechanisms already studied in detail. Also, Coldenia procumbens L. methanol extract showed significant anti-hyperglycaemic activity. The plant should be further studied to be developed as an alternative medicine.
Curculigo pilosa mitigates against oxidative stress and structural derangements in pancreas and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Karigidi Kayode Olayele , Olaiya Charles O.
Published: April 2020

Background

Curculigo pilosa (African crocus) is widely used in folklore medicine to treat diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. This study was carried out to evaluate this traditional claim by mechanistic investigation of the effect of corn steep liquor extract of Curculigo pilosa and its n-butanol and methanol solvent fractions on hyperglycemia mediated oxidative damage in pancreas and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intraperitoneal administration of (50 mg/kg) streptozotocin and diabetic rats were treated orally with the extract(s) once in a day for 28 days. After experimental period, the effect of the extract(s) on hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress was assessed by determination of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. Also histopathology studies were conducted to substantiate the protective effects on pancreas and kidney.

Results

Oral administration of the extract significantly (p<0.05) mitigated the hyperglycemia mediated oxidative damage via improving the antioxidant system, inhibit the generation of lipid peroxide, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide. Also administration of extracts improved the structural architecture of the pancreas and kidney tissues in diabetic rats.

Conclusion

The results obtained in this study provide resounding scientific support for the folkloric use of Curculigo pilosa in the management of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Appropriate delivery method for cardiac disease pregnancy based on noninvasive cardiac monitoring
Authors: Sawada Masami , Yoshimatsuj Jun , Nakai Michikazu , Tsukinaga Rie , Yokouchi-Konishi Tae , Shionoiri Tadasu , Nakanishi Atsushi , Horiuchi Chinami , Tsuritani Mitsuhiro , Kamiya Chizuko A. , Iwanaga Naoko , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Nishimura Kunihiro , Ohnishi Yoshihiko
Published: April 2020

Background

There are numerous significant physiological changes occurring in circulation during labor. To detect these rapid hemodynamic changes, invasive and intermittent measurement techniques are not reliable. To suggest a suitable delivery method for pregnancy with cardiac disease, this study analyzed how each delivery method influences cardiac function using a noninvasive and continuous measurement technique.

Methods

A prospective study was accomplished at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center in Japan from October 1, 2014, to November 30, 2018. The classification of the healthy heart pregnant women was according to the delivery method: vaginal delivery (VD) without epidural anesthesia, VD with epidural anesthesia, and caesarean section (CS). The hemodynamic parameters cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SI), and heart rate (HR) were evaluated regularly throughout delivery by noninvasive electrical cardiometry monitor.

Results

Ten cases were examined for each group. CI and HR were significantly increased before VD, while the increase in CI and HR was mild in the epidural group in comparison to the nonepidural group. SI was increased toward the delivery in the epidural group, and it was constant in the nonepidural group. However, there was no alteration in the level of outcomes of the two groups. In CS, SI increased and HR decreased before delivery. After delivery, SI continued to increase, while HR did not change but CI increased.

Conclusion

In VD, the increase in venous circulation according to the autotransfusion is managed by increasing HR. By epidural anesthesia, the increase in HR was suppressed and SI was increased. However, as epidural anesthesia increases the vascular capacity, the level of SI outcome was comparable. In CS, the HR was decreased because of the spinal anesthesia and the SI was increased because of many factors like hydration. As there are many factors to control in CS, VD with epidural anesthesia will be the first preference for most cardiac patients.
Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Strength and Architecture
Authors: Korkmaz Emrah , Dönmez Gürhan , Uzuner Kubilay , Babayeva Naila , Torgutalp Şerife Şeyma , Özçakar Levent
Published: April 2020

Korkmaz, E, Dönmez, G, Uzuner, K, BabayevaŞerife Şeyma Torgutalp, N, and Özçakar, L. Effects of blood flow restriction training on muscle strength and architecture. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1396–1403, 2022—The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the traditional resistance (RES) training and low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) protocols on quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength, and rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis architecture, in youth team soccer players. Twenty-three young trained soccer team players were divided into 2 groups: the RES group that practiced traditional high-intensity resistance training (80% 1 repetition maximum [1RM], 4 sets, 12 rep.) (n = 12) and the BFR group that performed low-intensity resistance exercise with BFR (30% 1RM, 4 sets, 30-15-15-15 rep.) (n = 11)—unilateral knee extension exercise—twice a week for 6 weeks. Muscle strength (isokinetic concentric peak torque of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles) and ultrasonographic parameters (muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length) were assessed. Bilateral knee flexor and extensor strength was increased in both groups compared with pre-exercise. The increase in dominant side extensor muscle strength (60°·s−1
p = 0.02,

= 0.256, 180°·s−1
p = 0.019,

= 0.271) and RF thickness (p = 0.002,

= 0.361) was statistically higher in the BFR group than in the RES group. These findings support that occlusion training can provide better benefits than traditional strength training to improve muscle hypertrophy. In addition, the novelty of our study is that BFR training may affect the muscle structure measured by ultrasonography.
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ГАЗОПОСТАЧАННЯ В УМОВАХ СВІТОВОЇ ЕКСПАНСІЇ СКРАПЛЕНОГО ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗУ
Authors: СКРИПНИК Андрій , НАМ'ЯСЕНКО Юрій
Published: April 2020

Питання диверсифікації та оптимізації газопостачання до України є надзвичайно актуальним у процесі досягнення енергетичної незалежності. Сьогодні ще не існує світового ринку природного газу, проте проведений аналіз дозволяє говорити про існування процесу цінової дивергенції регіональних ринків природного газу. Розглянуто оптимізаційні моделі газопостачання в Україні з урахуванням наявності потужних газосховищ, розвинутої мережі транспортування природного газу, власних джерел газовидобування та можливості придбання природного газу в країнах ЄС.Показано, що диверсифікація газопостачання приводить до значного зменшення витрат на транспортування. У даному випадку значення цільової функції знаходили за умови однакової ціни газопостачання з усіх наявних джерел порівняно з варіантом газопостачання з одного джерела на кордоні з РФ. Наявність газосховищ дозволяє врахувати в оптимізаційній моделі сезонну флуктуацію цін. Так, газосховища виступають як споживачі влітку і як джерела газопостачання в опалювальний сезон. Наявність в оптимізаційній моделі газосховищ істотно зменшує інтегральну цільову функцію, що включає вартість придбання, збереження і транспортування природного газу. Потужність газосховищ використовується не повністю, отже, вони можуть бути задіяні в оптимізації газопостачання до країн Східної Європи.Методами економетричного аналізу проведено дослідження впливу підвищення цін на природний газ та обсяги його споживання. Здійснено оцінку коефіцієнта еластичності лінійної та логарифмічної моделей. На основі даного показника оцінено споживання газу в разі подальшого зростання цін на нього для населення. Проаналізовано можливості використання газосховищ для стабілізації газопостачання до країн Східної Європи.
БЕЗПЕКА СТРАХОВОГО РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ: ЗАГРОЗИ ТА НАПРЯМИ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ
Authors: ІГНАТЮК Анжела , ШОЛОЙКО Антоніна
Published: April 2020

Основною метою будь-якого страхового ринку є забезпечення процесу відтворення суспільного виробництва та формування джерел інвестиційних ресурсів для розвитку економіки країни. Однак в умовах фінансової глобалізації така функція порушується у зв’язку з підвищеною уразливістю страхових ринків до глобальних кризових явищ і відпливом капіталів через процеси злиття і поглинання страхових компаній, іноземні інвестиції, міжнародне перестрахування тощо. Це ставить під загрозу безпеку страхового ринку України. А відтак, метою статті є розробка рекомендацій щодо напрямів регулювання безпеки страхового ринку України на основі аналізу проявів фінансової глобалізації на страхових ринках світу і виявлених загроз.Під фінансовою глобалізацією ми розуміємо формування глобального фінансового ринку, який можна визначити як ринок, на якому міжнародні фінансові посередники (банки, страхові компанії тощо) продають фінансові послуги по всьому світу.Процеси фінансової глобалізації спричиняють такі загрози безпеці страхового ринку, як поглинання іноземними страховиками національних страхових компаній, відплив інвестиційних ресурсів за кордон, зростання залежності від зовнішнього перестрахування тощо.Для зміцнення безпеки українського страхового ринку в умовах фінансової глобалізації запропоновано такі напрями регулювання:– встановити вимоги до зовнішніх інвестицій страховиків не тільки в частині цінних паперів іноземних емітентів, але й щодо інших активів, якими можуть бути представлені страхові резерви;– здійснювати безперервний моніторинг індикаторів безпеки страхового ринку: питомої ваги страхових платежів, що належать перестраховикам-нерезидентам, у валових страхових платежах; питомої ваги іноземного капіталу в статутному капіталі страхових компаній; ринкової частки іноземних страхових компаній;– для підвищення незалежності від зовнішнього перестрахування слід підвищити капіталізацію українських страховиків на основі впровадження принципів Solvency II для зростання перестрахувальної місткості національного страхового ринку і стимулювання експорту перестрахових послуг.
ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ТЕОРЕТИЧНИХ ПІДХОДІВ ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ АКТИВУ В СИСТЕМІ МІЖНАРОДНИХ БУХГАЛТЕРСЬКИХ СТАНДАРТІВ
Authors: БАЛТАБЕКОВ Марк
Published: April 2020

Поставлено завдання розглянути процес еволюції визначення активу в практиці Міжнародної ради з бухгалтерських стандартів і показати, які процеси лежать в основі ухвалення рішень його експертами. У хронологічному порядку описується, як відбувалося вироблення пропозицій щодо зміни визначення активу на різних етапах його еволюції та які ідеї економічного й лінгвістичного характеру бралися до уваги в ході роботи. Проаналізовано ряд документів: тих, які супроводжували розвиток уявлень про визначення актив, і тих, що ухвалюються як у межах Міжнародної ради з бухгалтерських стандартів, так і сторонніми спеціалістами. Значну увагу приділено загальнотеоретичним принципам бухгалтерського обліку у світлі аналізу взаємовідносин економічних вигід та активу, пов'язаного з розглядом відповідних доктрин західних вчених з цього питання. Підтримується точка зору більшості експертів про те, що актив та економічні вигоди є різними явищами, і висловлюються аргументовані міркування з приводу цього. Зроблено теоретичний висновок про те, що організація у процесі використання або продажу активу завжди отримує економічні вигоди, але здійснюються вони в різних формах: або як власне економічні вигоди, або як активи. Коротко проаналізовані властивості права генерувати економічні вигоди і те, які наслідки нове визначення активу може мати при зміщенні його сприйняття з фізичного об'єкта до сфери права або сукупності прав для запису бухгалтерських операцій.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ТАЛАНОВИТОЮ МОЛОДДЮ ЧЕРЕЗ “ПРАКТИКАНТСЬКІ ПРОГРАМИ”
Authors: НОРБЕРТ Том
Published: April 2020

Управління талантами є одним з найважливіших інструментів управління персоналом в усьому світі. Проте, за оцінкою тисячі менеджерів з персоналу, це здійснюється ще не на належному рівні. Автор провів багато емпіричних досліджень у німецькомовних країнах. Одним з результатів є те, що в сегменті молодих бізнес-професіоналів існують добре розроблені програми, так звані «Програми стажерів» або «Програми для випускників», спеціально для економістів і спеціалістів у технічних галузях. 130 програм стажування було систематично проаналізовано: які цілі було поставлено, які дії проводилися для досягнення мети та які результати отримано.Шість гіпотез було апробовано/тестовано. Вони роблять вклад у подальші дослідження і допомагають менеджерам з персоналу уникнути помилок. Принаймні, у цій галузі управління талантами ефективну роботу щодо управління персоналом проведено.
ПРО КЛЮЧОВІ СУЧАСНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: АРХАНГЕЛЬСЬКИЙ Юрій
Published: April 2020

Розглянуто актуальні економічні питання сучасної економіки України, а саме: про дотації виробникам, дефіцит бюджету, мита, ціноутворення, особливо в енергетиці, екології, досягнення структурної перебудови. Вивчено динаміку дотацій виробникам та їх розподіл по галузях, визначено формулу для ненадання дотацій виробникам продукції. Відповідно до цього, дотації не слід давати підприємствам, коли ціна продажу їх продукції є нижчою від матеріальних витрат (плюс амортизація).Особливу увагу приділено питанням ціноутворення в електроенергетиці: обгрунтовано застосування єдиних оптових цін на закуплену електроенергію в її виробників. При введенні єдиної ціни треба для ГЕС та АЕС ввести ренту, направивши її до бюджету.Розглянуто доцільність застосування різко підвищених тарифів на "зелену" електроенергію. Підхід до екології має бути зваженим. Навряд чи є виправданим те, що оптовий "зелений" тариф майже в 10 разів вищий за аналогічний тариф для ГЕС. Показано доцільність переходу до бездефіцитного бюджету. Слід позбутися дефіцитного бюджету, для чого пропонується встановити прогресивні ставки оподаткування доходів фізичних осіб (до 50%, як в ЄС).Проведено короткий аналіз результатів структурної перебудови економіки України, починаючи з 1992 р., і зроблено висновок про її неефективність. Необхідно посилити роль держави в координації роботи підприємств через центральні міністерства і відомства на чолі з Міністерством економічного розвитку і торгівлі України, яке, на нашу думку, слід знову перетворити на оновлений Держплан.Враховуючи теоретичну неспроможність тези, що монополія може підвищувати ціну без дотримання закону попиту і пропозиції, доцільно ліквідувати АМК і НКРЕ, які є подібними до колишнього Державного комітету цін в УРСР і визначають ціну для всіх – у тому числі для монополістів.
Pandangan Keagamaan Majelis Ulama Indonesia Kabupaten Bogor Terkait Kewajiban Menjaga Diri, Pelaksanaan Shalat Jumat dan Pengurusan Mayit Dalam Situasi Darurat Penyebaran Covid-19
Authors: Aji Ahmad Mukri
Published: April 2020

Covid-19 merupakan wabah pandemi yang telah mempengaruhi aktifitas kehidupan manusia.
Virus Corona Dampak dari Makanan yang tidak Halal
Authors: Husna Faiqoh
Published: April 2020

AbstrakAl-Quran dan Hadist telah mengatur makanan halal dan haram. Mentaati larangan untuk tidak mengkonsumsi makanan yang haram diyakini mengandung hikmah dan kebaikan bagi umat Islam. Peneliti kali ini akan membahas dampak makanan yang tidak halal dan memberikan pengaruh buruk bagi kesehatan manusia secara pribadi dan masyarakat secara umum. Merujuk pada sumber utama hukum Islam yakni Al-Quran dan Hadist mengenai urgensi hukum halal, haram dan syubhat serta tujuan diharamkannya makanan. Berdasarkan penelitian terkini pada makanan yang diharamkan ditemukan banyak sebab yang memang tidak layak untuk dikonsumsi dan dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia seperti adanya bakteri berbahaya pada bangkai, senyawa berbahaya pada darah, penyakit parasit pada babi, kerusakan organ akibat konsumsi khamr dan serta bahaya memakan hewan yang dilarang oleh ALLAH SWT seperti memakan kelelawar,ular,tikus berimbas pada terjadinya wabah penyakit yang merebak dengan sangat cepat tepatnya akhir tahun 2019 kemarin COVID-19 atau yang kita kenal sebagai wabah virus corona. Virus yang pertama kali mewabah dari wilayah Wuhan di China sehingga menjadi permasalahan global bagi seluruh penjuru dunia.Kata kunci: Virus corona Makanan Haram, dampak makanan yang tidak halal.
Response inhibition during processing of sexual stimuli in males with problematic hypersexual behavior
Authors: Seok Ji-woo , Sohn Jin-Hun
Published: April 2020

Background and aims

Individuals with problematic hypersexual behavior (PHB) are unable to control their sexual cravings, regardless of other situational factors. This inability to control cravings is a common trait in patients with neurological pathologies related to response inhibition. Until recently, however, it was unclear whether individuals with PHB have decreased inhibition and altered neural responses in the brain regions associated with inhibition compared to healthy control individuals, especially in the presence of distracting sexual stimuli. In this study, we examined the neural and psychological underpinnings of inhibition in individuals with PHB.

Methods

Thirty individuals with PHB and 30 healthy subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a modified go/no-go task with neutral or sexual backgrounds used as distractors.

Results

Individuals with PHB showed poorer response inhibition than healthy subjects, especially when sexual distractors were present. Further, compared to healthy control subjects, individuals with PHB showed decreased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and reduced functional connectivity between the IFG and the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) when response inhibition was required. Finally, the reduced activation and connectivity were more pronounced in the presence of sexual distractors than in the presence of neutral distractors.

Discussion

These findings suggest that individuals with PHB show reduced ability to inhibit responses that might be related to lower IFG activation and IFG-preSMA connectivity during response inhibition. Our results provide insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of poor response inhibition in individuals with PHB.
Sexual addiction, compulsivity, and impulsivity among a predominantly female sample of adults who use the internet for sex
Authors: Levi Gal , Cohen Chen , Kaliche Sigal , Sharaabi Sagit , Cohen Koby , Tzur-Bitan Dana , Weinstein Aviv
Published: April 2020

Background and aims

Compulsive sexual behavior is characterized by extensive sexual behavior and unsuccessful efforts to control excessive sexual behavior. The aim of the studies was to investigate compulsivity, anxiety and depression and impulsivity and problematic online sexual activities among adult males and females who use the Internet for finding sexual partners and using online pornography.

Methods

Study 1- 177 participants including 143 women M = 32.79 years (SD = 9.52), and 32 men M = 30.18 years (SD = 10.79). The Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST), the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Spielberger Trait-State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T STAI-S) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Study 2- 139 participants including 98 women M = 24 years (SD = 5) and 41 men M = 25 years (SD = 4). The impulsivity questionnaire (BIS/BAS), Problematic online sexual activities (s-IAT-sex) and Sexual Addiction Screening Test (SAST).

Results

Study 1- Multiple regression analysis has indicated that a model which included BDI, Y-BOCS, and STAI scores contributed to the variance of sexual addiction rates, and explained 33.3% of the variance. Study 2- Multiple regression analysis indicated that BIS/BAS and s-IAT scores contributed to the variance of sexual addiction rates, and explained 33% of the variance.

Discussion and conclusions

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms contributed to sexual addiction among individuals who use the Internet for finding sexual partners. Impulsivity and problematic online sexual activity contributed to ratings of sex addiction. These studies support the argument that sex addiction lies on the impulsive-compulsive scale and could be classified as a behavioral addiction.