bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21 Atas Gaji Pegawai Dinas Kesehatan Puskesmas Gunung Kemala di Kota Prabumulih
Authors: Novianti Serli , Valianti Reva Maria , Nurmala Nurmala
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

 

Income Tax Article 21 is a tax in the form of wages,honorarium,allowances,other payments obtained by domestic taxpayers related to work and position.The purpose of this research was to find out how the mechanism for calculating, withholding Article 21 Income Tax on the Salaries of Health Office Employees at the Gunung Kemala Health Center in the City of Prabumulih. The type of data used in this study is secondary data in the form of Salaries for the Health Office of the Gunung Kemala Public Health Center in the city of Prabumulih in 2023, the method used is a qualitative method, the data collection technique used is documentation and interviews, the population in this study are Civil Servants, while the sample used is the Salary of Civil Servants. The data analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis. the research results of the calculation of Article 21 PPh deductions are in accordance with the provisions of the tax law where seen in the conclusions and suggestions in the calculation of Article 21 PPh already using the latest PTKP rates with the results of the calculation there is a difference in overpayment when reporting such as employees of the Mount Kemala Public Health Center in the city of Prabumulih.

 

Keywords: Income Tax, Income Tax Article 21, PTKP

 

ABSTRAK

 

Pajak Penghasilan 21 adalah pajak berkaitan dengan gaji,honorarium, tunjangan, dan pembayaran lainnya yang  didapatkan Wajib  Pajak dan  berkaitan dengan pekerjaan maupun jabatan.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana mekanisme perhitungan, pemotongan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21 atas Gaji Pegawai Dinas Kesehatan Puskesmas Gunung Kemala Dikota Prabumulih, data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder berupa Gaji Pegawai Dinas Kesehatan Puskesmas Gunung Kemala dikota Prabumulih tahun 2023, metode  yang  digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara dokumentasi dan wawancara, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Pegawai Negeri Sipil, sedangkan sampel yang dipakai adalah Gaji Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis Deskriptif.Hasil penelitian perhitungan pemotongan PPh Pasal 21 sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan undang-undang perpajakan dimana dilihat pada kesimpulan dan saran dalam perhitungan PPh Pasal 21 sudah menggunakan tarif PTKP terbaru dengan hasil perhitungan terdapat selisih lebih bayar saat pelaporan SPT Pegawai Dinas Kesehatan Puskesmas Gunung Kemala dikota Prabumulih.

 

Kata kunci: Pajak Penghasilan, PPh Pasal 21, PTKP.
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Stability of Tanned Leather
Authors:   Department of Physics, Egerton University, Egerton, Nakuru, Kenya, Chebwogen Mercy , Nalyanya Kallen Mulilo ,   Department of Physics, Egerton University, Egerton, Nakuru, Kenya, Amollo Tabitha A. ,   Department of Physics, Egerton University, Egerton, Nakuru, Kenya, Mathenge Simon  Gachagua ,   Department of Physics, Egerton University, Egerton, Nakuru, Kenya
Published: April 2024

Leather tanning involves several processes of converting putrescible hide to stable leather resistant to harsh environmental conditions. Severe conditions such as high temperatures and UV radiation, when exposed to the leather materials, cause degradation and decrease physical, chemical, and structural properties. The effect of gamma irradiation on viscoelastic properties and stability of tanned leather against thermal and photodegradation was studied using the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) technique. The thermal stability of chrome and mimosa-tanned leather was inferred from the peak of storage modulus graphs. Gamma irradiation of samples with low doses increased the storage modulus of chrome and mimosa-tanned leathers. Doses up to 20 kGy decreased the stability of thermally aged chrome-tanned leather. However, for mimosa-tanned, there was an increase at higher doses as a result of gamma irradiation inducing additional bonds that enhance the stability of the tanned leather. Nevertheless, there is a variation in the stability of chrome-tanned leather at different doses of irradiation.
Literatura infantil intercultural como promoción de respeto a la diversidad
Authors: Soracá Bolivar Ludis María , Varela Herrera José Omar
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: proponer la literatura infantil intercultural como promoción de respeto por la diversidad cultural e inclusión en estudiantes de transición. Metodología: paradigma constructivista, con enfoque cualitativo, enmarcado en la investigación acción pedagógica, a partir de tres fases: deconstrucción, reconstrucción y evaluación de la práctica. La unidad de análisis estuvo constituida por 21 estudiantes. Para la recolección de datos, las técnicas utilizadas fueron la revisión bibliográfica y la observación estructurada; y los instrumentos, la lista de cotejo y el diario de campo. Resultados: en el rincón pedagógico intercultural, se desarrollaron aprendizajes significativos relacionables con las diferentes culturas del entorno. Además, la literatura diseñada tuvo como valor agregado la experiencia de compartir de manera agradable un espacio determinado, donde se dio valor a ser reconocidos como personas sin distinciones de condición social, étnica, cultural o de cualquier otra índole. Conclusiones: los niños afianzaron y comprendieron el significado de valores como la equidad, la amistad, el respeto, la unión, la paz, el amor, la tolerancia, la igualdad y la armonía, que dan sentido lógico al respeto por la diversidad de rasgos definitorios de las complejas relaciones que se presentan en el aula, debido a las costumbres, tradiciones o diferencias idiomáticas.
DDA-SSNets: Dual decoder attention-based semantic segmentation networks for COVID-19 infection segmentation and classification using chest X-Ray images
Authors: Gopatoti Anandbabu , Jayakumar Ramya , Billa Poornaiah , Patteeswaran Vijayalakshmi
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

COVID-19 needs to be diagnosed and staged to be treated accurately. However, prior studies’ diagnostic and staging abilities for COVID-19 infection needed to be improved. Therefore, new deep learning-based approaches are required to aid radiologists in detecting and quantifying COVID-19-related lung infections.

OBJECTIVE:

To develop deep learning-based models to classify and quantify COVID-19-related lung infections.

METHODS:

Initially, Dual Decoder Attention-based Semantic Segmentation Networks (DDA-SSNets) such as Dual Decoder Attention-UNet (DDA-UNet) and Dual Decoder Attention-SegNet (DDA-SegNet) are proposed to facilitate the dual segmentation tasks such as lung lobes and infection segmentation in chest X-ray (CXR) images. The lung lobe and infection segmentations are mapped to grade the severity of COVID-19 infection in both the lungs of CXRs. Later, a Genetic algorithm-based Deep Convolutional Neural Network classifier with the optimum number of layers, namely GADCNet, is proposed to classify the extracted regions of interest (ROI) from the CXR lung lobes into COVID-19 and non-COVID-19.

RESULTS:

The DDA-SegNet shows better segmentation with an average BCSSDC of 99.53% and 99.97% for lung lobes and infection segmentations, respectively, compared with DDA-UNet with an average BCSSDC of 99.14% and 99.92%. The proposed DDA-SegNet with GADCNet classifier offered excellent classification results with an average BCCAC of 99.98%, followed by the GADCNet with DDA-UNet with an average BCCAC of 99.92% after extensive testing and analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results show that the proposed DDA-SegNet has superior performance in the segmentation of lung lobes and COVID-19-infected regions in CXRs, along with improved severity grading compared to the DDA-UNet and improved accuracy of the GADCNet classifier in classifying the CXRs into COVID-19, and non-COVID-19.
The Vertex-Edge Locating Roman Domination of Some Graphs
Authors: Akwu Abolape Deborah , Agbaji Comfort
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we introduce the concept of vertex-edge locating Roman dominating functions in graphs. A vertex-edge locating Roman dominating (\(ve-LRD\)) function of a graph \(G=(V,E)\) is a function \(f:V(G)\rightarrow\{0,1,2\}\) such that the following conditions are satisfied: (i) for every adjacent vertices \(u,v\) with \(f(u)=0\) or \(f(v)=0\), there exists a vertex \(w\) at distance \(1\) or \(2\) from \(u\) or \(v\) with \(f(w)=2\), (ii) for every edge \(uv\in E\), \(max[f(u),f(v)]\neq 0\) and (iii) any pair of distinct vertices \(u,v\) with \(f(u)=f(v)=0\) does not have a common neighbour \(w\) with \(f(w)=2\) . The weight of \(ve\)-LRD function is the sum of its function values over all the vertices. The vertex-edge locating Roman domination number of \(G\) denoted by \(\gamma_{ve-LR}^P(G)\) is the minimum weight of a \(ve\)-LRD function in \(G\). We proved that the vertex-edge locating Roman domination problem is NP complete for bipartite graphs. Also, we present the upper and lower bonds of \(ve\)-LRD function for trees. Lastly, we give the upper bounds of \(ve\)-LRD function for some connected graphs.
Niall Ferguson: Britské impérium: Cesta k modernímu světu
Authors: Brusenbauch Meislová Monika
Published: April 2024

Ferguson líčí historii Britského impéria od 16. do 21. století. Impérium,které v době svého vrcholu ovládalo čtvrtinu světové populace, čtvrtinuzemského povrchu a téměř všechny oceány, se příznivě podepsalo na vývojiSpojených států a Kanady, Indie, Afriky, Austrálie, Nového Zélandu,východní Asie a Číny. Podle Fergusona impérium neožebračovalo národy,které se ocitly pod jeho nadvládou, ale naopak zajišťovalo jejich ekonomickýblahobyt tím, že díky této nadvládě byly tyto země politicky stabilní. Ideasvobody odlišovala impérium v minulosti od jeho evropských soupeřů, cožse mj. projevilo během boje proti nevolnictví. Autor rovněž vyzdvihujefunkční efektivitu impéria. Například v Indii 900 civilních úředníků a 70 tisícvojáků vládlo 250 milionům Indů.Kniha pro českého čtenáře představuje nejen možnost seznámit se sdějinami, fungováním a dědictvím Britského impéria, ale zároveňjedinečnou příležitost korigovat obsah takových zažitých pojmů, jako jekolonialismus nebo vykořisťování. Díky této knize můžeme také lépepochopit odstup, který si Velká Británie vždy udržovala od kontinentu iEvropské unie a který nakonec vyvrcholil brexitem. Publikace je vybavenarozsáhlým obrazovým materiálem, který působivě dokresluje charakter aatmosféru impéria v té které době a zemi.
Petr Kaniok: Národní parlamenty a evropská integrace: kolektivní aktér politického systému EU?
Authors: Němec Jan
Published: April 2024

Publikace „Národní parlamenty a evropská integrace: kolektivní aktérpolitického systému EU?“ se zabývá rolí, kterou parlamenty členských zemíEU měly a mají jako kolektivní aktér politického systému EU. Publikacevysvětluje historický vývoj tohoto aktérství a poté cílí na jeho současnoupodobu. V této souvislosti studie analyzuje využití instrumentů, ježparlamenty dostaly k dispozici Lisabonskou smlouvou. Kniha se zaměřujena praxi kontroly subsidiarity u legislativních návrhů a vysvětluje, proč a dojaké míry se parlamenty na kolektivní kontrole legislativy podílejí. Hlavnímzávěrem knihy je, že parlamenty své kolektivní aktérství chápou jako brzduevropské integraci. Akademické závěry kniha interpretuje také v obecnémpolitickém kontextu, přičemž zdůrazňuje potřebu kolektivní aktérstvíparlamentů v EU výrazně zefektivnit a zatraktivnit.
Karine Tournier-Sol, Chris Gifford (eds.): The UK Challenge to Europeanization: The Persistence of British Euroscepticism
Authors: Brusenbauch Meislová Monika
Published: April 2024

Karine Tournier-Sol, Chris Gifford (eds.): The UK Challenge to Europeanization: The Persistence of British Euroscepticism. 1st Edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, 259 s., ISBN-10: 1137488158, ISBN-13: 978-1137488152.
Willem Molle: Cohesion and Growth: The Theory and Practice of European Policy Making
Authors: Vrňáková Irena
Published: April 2024

Willem Molle: Cohesion and Growth: The Theory and Practice of European Policy Making. 1st Edition. New York: Routledge, 2015, 321 stran, ISBN 9781138846630.
Steven Lee Myers: Nový car: Vzestup a vláda Vladimira Putina
Authors: Ducháčková Michaela
Published: April 2024

Steven Lee Myers: Nový car: Vzestup a vláda Vladimira Putina. 1. vydání. Praha: Argo, 2016, 497 stran, ISBN 978-80-257-1752-3
Iraqi Yazidis
Authors: Černý Karel
Published: April 2024

The paper deals with internal migrants from the Yazidi minority in Iraq. It isa case study based on a field research conducted in March 2016 on theterritory of the Kurdish regional government in Northern Iraq. The paper isbased on thirty semi-structured interviews with refugees both inside andoutside refugee camps, and it discusses the motivations that the refugeestake into consideration while making decisions about their possible futuremigration (their lack of trust toward the central and the Kurdish regionalgovernment, their Arab neighbours, and their elites, the situation in thecamps, the economic crisis, etc.). This case study provides a perspective ofthe Yazidi refugees themselves that is in some respect specific for thisminority but also contributes to the general discussion about motivationsof refugees from the war zones in the contemporary Middle East.
The Strategic Context of the British Referenda on Continued Membership in the EC/EU
Authors: Brusenbauch Meislová Monika
Published: April 2024

The main research objective of this article is to explain the motives behindthe British political elite’s decision to hold nationwide referenda oncontinued membership in the EC/EU in 1975 and 2016. In order to do so,the author applies her own analytical framework using a theoretical modelof dichotomous logics of appropriateness and consequentiality. The articledemonstrates the primacy of domestic parameters during the convening ofthese referenda. In both cases, decisions came at a moment when the partysystem was no longer able to accommodate EC/EU-related tensions withinthe governing parties. In this context, the research points to astrategisation and an instrumentalisation of the European agenda onbehalf of domestic intra-party politics. The author concludes that while theofficial rhetoric accompanying the political elite’s decisions to hold bothreferenda on continued membership in the EC/EU operated with thenormative logic of appropriateness, the real basis of these decisions lay inthe utilitarian logic of consequentiality.
Niall Ferguson: Civilizace: Západ a zbytek světa
Authors: Werner Jan
Published: April 2024

Niall Ferguson: Civilizace: Západ a zbytek světa. Přeložil Emanuel Geissler. 1. vydání. Praha: Argo a Dokořán, 2014, 347 stran, ISBN 978-80-257-1114-9 (Argo), 978-80-7363-606-7 (Dokořán) (signatura knihovny ÚMV 60 599).
The New International Climate Regime and EU Member States’ Commitment
Authors: Štěpánek Přemysl
Published: April 2024

This article examines the strength and ambition of twenty-one EU memberstates’ national emissions commitments in the context of the ParisAgreement adopted in December 2015. The outcomes show that mainlycountries situated in Scandinavia, the British Isles and Western Europealready included post-2020 emissions targets in their national law orstrategies. External factors derived from constructivism or the theory ofstructural embeddedness indicate a significant correlation with thestrength and ambition of the commitments, while domestic factors givemixed results. A number of EU members, including those belonging to theG-7 group, demonstrate, in comparison with the most developed non-EUcountries, greater efforts to satisfy the important principle of common butdifferentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. This is essentialfor maintaining the EU leadership in the international climate regime.
Aliance Behavior of States in Balance of Power Theory
Authors: Lauer Maroš
Published: April 2024

This paper analyses the role of weak states in the theory of balance ofpower. Using advanced quantitative methods, this study builds on StephanWalt’s concept of balance of threat, which is derived from an original theoryof Kenneth Waltz, and examines the relation between two types of states’behaviour (balancing and bandwagoning) and the factors influencing thetendency of a state to choose one or the other. The influence of thesefactors is analysed in the period from the end of the Napoleonic Wars untilthe beginning of WWII in the European and South American regions. Basedon a statistical analysis, our study concludes that when the power of a statedecreases, its tendency towards balancing the main threat decreases aswell. The behaviour of states is also influenced by the geographic proximityof the main threat and the number of available allies as well as by thecharacter of the political regime of the given state, although these factorsoften have different influences within the examined regions.
Consolidation of the EU Representation at the IMF
Authors: Sedláček Petr
Published: April 2024

Following the Five Presidents’ Report in October 2015, the EuropeanCommission set up the objective to move to a single euro-area chair at theIMF. The article focuses on assessing the effectiveness of this objective. Inthis context it assesses the IMF governance and the current development ofthe coordinaton of the EU Member States. Then the article carries out avoting power analysis of the euro-area constituency in several alternativescenarios. The article concludes that a more effective option would be tospread the euro-area member states into several constituencies rather thankeeping them all in one constituency.
Acemoglu, Daron – Robinson, James A.: Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty
Authors: Piknerová Linda
Published: April 2024

Acemoglu, Daron – Robinson, James A. (2015): Proč státy selhávají: Kořeny moci, prosperity a chudoby. Přeložil Eduard Geissler. 1. vydání, Praha: Argo – Dokořán, 386 stran, ISBN 978-80-257-1305-1 (Argo), ISBN 978-80-7363-607-4 (Dokořán) (signatura knihovny ÚMV 61 060).
Michael Sandel: Justice: What's The Right Thing To Do?
Authors: Brabec Martin
Published: April 2024

Michael Sandel: Spravedlnost: Co je správné dělat. Přeložil Tomáš Chudý. 1. vydání. Praha: Karolinum, 2015, 306 stran, ISBN 978-80-24630656.
Stanislava Vavroušková, Jan Bečka: Subháščandra Bose: Hledání cest ke svobodě Indie
Authors: Havlová Radka
Published: April 2024

Stanislava Vavroušková, Jan Bečka: Subháščandra Bose: Hledání cest ke svobodě Indie. 1. vydání. Praha: Academia, 2015, 236 stran, ISBN 978-80-200-2457-2.
The Research and Study of International Security in the Czech Republic:
Authors: Bureš Oldřich , Mareš Miroslav , Waisová Šárka
Published: April 2024

The analysis surveys the evolution of security studies in the Czech Republicafter 1990. Firstly, the historical context and institutional development ofthe discipline are analyzed; afterwards the intellectual tradition of Czechsecurity studies is introduced, and the theories used in the discipline in theCzech Republic are mentioned. The central point of the analysis is thecharacter and content of the articles published in the journal Mezinárodnívztahy. We conclude that the research of international security in the CzechRepublic is strongly interconnected with the country’s executive politics andthat Mezinárodní vztahy is the central platform for Czech security research.
Seeking the Czech Republic’s Place in the World on the Pages of the Journal Mezinárodní Vztahy
Authors: Weiss Tomáš , Kořan Michal , Beneš Vít
Published: April 2024

The aim of the article is to provide an analysis and a deeper understandingof the ways the Czech(oslovak) research community approached the issuesrelated to the Czech/Czechoslovak foreign policy. The main departure pointof the text is a formal analysis of the articles related to theCzech/Czechoslovak foreign policy published in the journal Mezinárodnívztahy. We analyze the institutional, methodological, theoretical anddisciplinary backgrounds of the individual authors of the articles and alsotheir particular interpretation of the fundamental questions of theCzech/Czechoslovak foreign policy.
The Czech Way of Methodological Training in Political Science from an International Perspective
Authors: Kofroň Jan , Kruntorádová Ilona
Published: April 2024

Methodologies and methods represent one of the most fundamental andpersistent topics of scientific debates, especially in western political science.While Czech political science strives for deeper international integration,such an effort may be limited by (among other things) the insufficientmethodological training of its scholars. Acknowledging this concern, thearticle compares the levels of methodological education at elite westernuniversities and selected Czech universities. The resulting comparisonshows that Czech political science programs offer (i) less methodologicalcourses in general, (ii) but especially in the realm of quantitativemethodologies, and (iii) above all, they do not provide training in advanced(qualitative as well as quantitative) methods at all. The long term effectsinclude the limited ability of Czech researchers to productively use worksutilizing more sophisticated methods, which may in turn negatively affecttheir chances of publishing research in some of the prestigiousinternational journals. Under these adverse conditions researchers mayunwittingly eschew research questions whose solutions presume theemployment of an advanced method. Considering, however, on the onehand, the deep rooted and self-reproducing historical embeddedness of theCzech way of methodological education, and the financial weakness ofCzech universities on the other, one apprehends that there will not be asignificant improvement in this area in the middle-term horizon.
The Generality and Exclusivity of International Political Sociology: A Response to Jan Daniel and Dagmar Rychnovská
Authors: Eberle Jakub
Published: April 2024

The paper responds to Jan Daniel and Dagmar Rychnovská’s article fromMezinárodní vztahy 1/2015, whose aim was to establish InternationalPolitical Sociology (IPS) as a specific strand within critical security studies.This project is criticised in the paper for three reasons. First, the definitionof IPS through common features is so general that most critical researchcould fit in the IPS category. Second, the attempt to define IPS by negationis grounded in a distorted image of discursive approaches to internationalpolitics. Third, the label is deployed in a way that excludes a range of relatedauthors not only from IPS, but even from the ‘main currents’ of criticalsecurity studies. Rather than being an analytical category, IPS is thus morelike a political tool through which a distorted and exclusionary image of thediscipline is being constructed.
Hugh Wilford: America’s Great Game: The CIA’s Secret Arabists and the Shaping of the Modern Middle East
Authors: Černý Karel
Published: April 2024

Hugh Wilford: America’s Great Game: The CIA’s Secret Arabists and the Shaping of the Modern Middle East. 1. vydání. New York: Basic Books, 2013, 342 stran, ISBN 978-0-465-01965-6.
Matúš Halás (ed.): Geopolitické omyly dvadsiateho storočia
Authors: Doljaková Aneta
Published: April 2024

Matúš Halás (ed.): Geopolitické omyly dvadsiateho storočia. 1. vydání. Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Komenského, 2014, 364 stran, ISBN 978-80-223-3652-9.
Foreign Policy Strategies of Small States in Contemporary International Relations
Authors: Zemanová Štěpánka , Druláková Radka , Peterková Jana , Přikryl Pavel
Published: April 2024

In scholarly literature focusing on small states, there may already beidentified four generations of approaches to the definition of a small state,as well as to research of small states’ involvement in international relations.The fourth generation, which appeared in the last decade, is based on thedynamism and relativism of the concept of power that a small state mayexert in the international environment. Frequently, it makes use ofstrategies of small states; however, it failed to systematise them. The papercontributes to the debate by introducing a basic typology of small states’strategies that serve to overcome their vulnerability and extend the powerof their foreign policy. At the same time, it provides an alternativeperspective on the application of these strategies. The paper distinguishesbetween defensive and offensive strategies in the security and economicarea, and it discusses offensive approaches in fundamental agendas as wellas attempts to create and promote a positive image for small states.
Ernesto Laclau: Emancipace a radikální demokracie
Authors: Blažek Jan
Published: April 2024

Ernesto Laclau: Emancipace a radikální demokracie. Překlad Jan Bíba a Josef Fulka. 1. vydání. Praha: Karolinum, 2013, 202 stran, ISBN 978-80-246-2163-0.
Securitization of Migration
Authors: Kaleta Ondřej
Published: April 2024

This article presents a qualitative and empirically oriented analysis of theItalian political discourse which took place in response to the immigrationwave that appeared after the outbreak of the Arab Spring in the first half of2011. Using the concept of securitization introduced by the CopenhagenSchool, the author seeks to deconstruct the discursive strategy of SilvioBerlusconi’s government at the time, which was intended to legitimizeextraordinary reactive measures at both national and supranational (EU)levels. The author also provides an interpretation of how the Italian cabinetpresented the mass influx of African migrants while exerting instrumentalpressure on the EU to provide appropriate assistance to Italy. The articleconcludes by showing how the discourse, which was accompanied byadministrative and political practices, led to an escalation of the crisis withinthe EU and subsequently opened up the space for a fundamental revisionof the rules regarding the Schengen area.
The Construction of Slovakia as a Donor and Its Power Effects
Authors: Profant Tomáš
Published: April 2024

The aim of this article is to study the Slovak “development” cooperation’spower effects and the identities based on the related discourses. In the firstpart I focus on Slovakia’s identity as a “developed” country. Here I look atthe need of Slovakia to become a donor that predated the recreation of theSlovak development apparatus. The new apparatus secured for Slovakia theidentity of a “developed” country and reacted to the decline of financialsupport for the Slovak NGO sector after 1998. This part also points to theway the government and suggestive polls construct Slovakia’s identity as adonor and the identity of Slovaks as a people who are willing to help. Thenext part focuses on the construction of Slovakia as a “new” donor with aspecific transition experience. First it shows the power asymmetry casuedby the discourse of “old” and “new” donors, and then it shows how thetransition experience discourse takes part in legitimizing the currenthegemonic ideology and how it serves to hierarchize Slovaks in relation to“old” donors. The last part analyzes the power effects of the representationof Slovakia as an egoistic, altruistic and effective donor.
Environmental Cooperation as an Instrument of Conflict Resolution
Authors: Waisová Šárka
Published: April 2024

The text is concerned with the idea of using environmental cooperation as aconflict transformation instrument. In the first part the text introduces thehistory of the idea, and in the second part the text researches thetheoretical and methodological problems of the approach and introducesand analyzes the main challenges the contemporary research on it faces.Nevertheless, the problems and weaknesses of the idea of usingenvironmental cooperation as a conflict transformation instrument, whichare discussed in the text, moderate the optimism that was originallyconnected with the approach. It seems that the transformativepeacebuilding potential of environmental cooperation is at least unclearand needs further research.
Jan Eichler, Lukáš Tichý: USA a Ruská federace: Komparace z pohledu bezpečnostní a strategické kultury
Authors: Demková Marcela
Published: April 2024

Jan Eichler, Lukáš Tichý: USA a Ruská federace: Komparace z pohledu bezpečnostní a strategické kultury. 1. vydání. Praha: Ústav mezinárodních vztahů, 2013, 318 stran, ISBN 978-808-7558-164 (signatura knihovny ÚMV 60 150 PK).
Ondřej Beránek (ed.): Arabské revoluce: Demokratické výzvy, politický islám a geopolitické dopady
Authors: Taterová Eva
Published: April 2024

Ondřej Beránek (ed.): Arabské revoluce: Demokratické výzvy, politický islám a geopolitické dopady. 1. vydání. Praha: Academia, 2013, 301 stran, ISBN 978-80-200-2298-1 (signatura knihovny ÚMV 59 908).
Does Diplomacy Promote International Trade? The Case of Ukraine
Authors: Raneta Leonid , Kunychka Mykhaylo
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the commercialdiplomacy of Ukraine on its export. Within this field of research we mutuallycompare various official representations abroad and their effects on exportflows. We consider embassies, consulates general and honorary consulatesas commercial diplomacy actors abroad. The main contribution of thepaper is that it is the first empirical study of Ukrainian commercialdiplomacy in terms of export promotion. We use an empirical trade modelto verify the impact of economic, cultural, geographical and diplomaticfactors on Ukrainian exports. The panel data incorporates 1386 export flowsto 198 destinations during the period from 2007 to 2013. In the end, weconclude that embassies are more relevant instruments of exportstimulation than consulates general or honorary consulates.
Reflection of the decade of the European Commission’s public consultation practice and position of the stakeholders
Authors: Pitrová Markéta , Zatloukalová Jana
Published: April 2024

The Lisbon revision of the primary law led to the confirmation of the pre-existing Commission’s commitment to carry out “broad consultations” whilepreparing European legislative acts. The aim of this article is to elucidateformulation of the Commission’s public consultation practice and evaluatepositions of the interest groups to the Commission’s strategy. The attentionis accorded to the analysis of the consultation’s level of formalization andinclusivity, the two principal consultation’ components. The analysis is buildupon the study of the selected interest groups’ positions brought forwardduring the years 2002–2012 and upon the reaction of the Commission tothe interest groups’ feedback. The available empirical data suggests thatthe interest groups appreciated the introduction of the minimum standardsfor consultation, however, they have been steadily alerting to their frequentbreach and arbitrary application.
Josef Kraus: Íránský státní terorismus: od Chomejního po Ahmadínežáda
Authors: Smolík Josef
Published: April 2024

Josef Kraus: Íránský státní terorismus: od Chomejního po Ahmadínežáda. 1. vydání. Brno: Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury, 2014, 219 stran, ISBN 978-80-7325-342-4 (signatura knihovny ÚMV 60 601).
Editorial
Authors: Weiss Tomáš , Beneš Vít
Published: April 2024

Institutional and Legal Aspects of the European Integration
Roll-call Votes in the European Parliament
Authors: Mocek Ondřej , Pitrová Markéta
Published: April 2024

The text analyses the conditions for the use of the roll-call votes (RCV) in theEuropean Parliament in the context of the democratic accountability to thevoters. The research is focused on examining the rules of procedure of thisinstitution from its beginning to the present. The goal of the text is toanalyse the formal setting of the rules of RCV. The procedures concerningRCV have been completely in the hands of deputies. The historical analysistherefore endeavours to reveal whether the deputies decided to act in away that would grant the greatest possible level of transparency and thuscontrol to their voters, or whether the step taken in 2009 is only a historicalexception. In the conclusion, the authors come to the result that the MEPsdid not strengthen the relations between the voters and the MEPssignificantly, although in 2009 and 2014, certain changes were made in thisrespect.
The Penetration of Human Rights into the Agenda of the European Union
Authors: Smekal Hubert
Published: April 2024

The article documents the process of the increase in the relevance offundamental rights in the European Union and calls attention to the factthat it is gradually approaching an important point whose attainmentwould have a considerable impact on the nature of the EU. The text tracesthe development of the EU’s powers and activities in setting the normsrelated to fundamental rights, and deciding about their application, controland enforcement. The states have been reluctant to permit the Union tointervene into their domestic human rights affairs which are not connectedto the EU’s competences. Nevertheless, its recent activities indicate that theEU is starting to get more say even in this cautiously guarded domain ofdomestic competence.
Lucie Filipová: Francouzi a Němci na cestě ke sblížení: Partnerství měst a obcí (1950–2000ú
Authors: Němec Jakub
Published: April 2024

Lucie Filipová: Francouzi a Němci na cestě ke sblížení: Partnerství měst a obcí (1950–2000). 1. vydání. Praha: Academia, 2013, 450 stran, ISBN 978-80-200-2217-2, signatura knihovny ÚMV 59 289.
Jan Hodač, Lubor Lacina, Petr Strejček: Evropské křižovatky
Authors: Petrůj Michal
Published: April 2024

Jan Hodač, Lubor Lacina, Petr Strejček: Evropské křižovatky. 2. vydání. Brno: Barrister & Principal, 2014, 184 stran, ISBN 978-80-7485-018-9.
The Organized Crime-Terrorism Nexus in Post-Soviet Chechnya
Authors: Šmíd Tomáš
Published: April 2024

This article deals with the nexus between organized crime and terrorism inthe region of post-Soviet Chechnya, and the primary goal is to show theconnection between the phenomenon of organized crime and non-statearmed actors who are generally labelled as terrorists. As a framework forthe analysis, we chose the “Crime-Terror Nexus” typology of TamaraMakarenko. As organized crime and terrorism are interconnected inChechnya, the organized crime groups in post-Soviet Chechnya usuallyemploy terrorist tactics (and vice versa) for operational purposes. However,in some periods we can find examples of a strong convergence in whichcriminal and terrorist organizations could merge into a single entity thatinitially displays characteristics of both types of groups simultaneously. Thearticle also shows that it is very difficult to categorize some Chechen actors,especially those involved in terrorist activities.
Dušan Drbohlav a kol.: Migrace a (i)migranti v Česku: Kdo jsme, odkud přicházíme, kam jdeme?
Authors: Blažek Jan
Published: April 2024

Dušan Drbohlav a kol.: Migrace a (i)migranti v Česku: Kdo jsme, odkud přicházíme, kam jdeme? 1. vydání. Praha: SLON, 2010, 207 stran, ISBN 978-80-7419-039-1 (signatura knihovny ÚMV 57 917).
Jan Křeček: Politická komunikace: Od res publica po public relations
Authors: Šimůnková Klára
Published: April 2024

Jan Křeček: Politická komunikace: Od res publica po public relations. 1. vydání. Praha: Grada Publishing, 2013, 176 stran, ISBN 978-80-247-3536-8.
Schmidt, Eric, Cohen, Jared: The New Digital Age: Reshaping the Future of People, Nations and Business.
Authors: Sál Karel
Published: April 2024

Schmidt, Eric, Cohen, Jared: The New Digital Age: Reshaping the Future of People, Nations and Business. 1 st ed. New York: Knopf, 2013, 315 stran, ISBN 978-0-307-95713-9.
Filip Tesař: Můžeme, chceme, dokážeme? Česká ekonomická, veřejná a kulturní diplomacie a Balkán
Authors: Trávničková Zuzana
Published: April 2024

Filip Tesař: Můžeme, chceme, dokážeme? Česká ekonomická, veřejná a kulturní diplomacie a Balkán. 1. vydání. Praha: Ústav mezinárodních vztahů, 2013, 218 stran, ISBN 978-80-87558-09-6.
Deterrence and Nuclear Strategy
Authors: Ludvík Jan
Published: April 2024

The text explores various theoretical approaches to the concept ofdeterrence. It links deterrence with other strategies that utilize a threat ofmilitary action to achieve political goals. Furthermore, the di!erencebetween deterrence by punishment and deterrence by denial is highlightedin the article. To develop the debate further, the various roles of nuclearweapons in deterrence are examined, while four types of nucleardeterrence strategies – namely nuclear primacy, maximum assureddestruction, minimum assured destruction, and automatic deterrence – aredistinguished. The text shows the unique role of the strategy of nuclearprimacy. This strategy relies on denial, while the conceptual foundations ofthe other three strategies lie in punishment, and it is well suited not only fordeterrence, but also for compellence, as it eliminates mutuality from thedeterrence relation.
A Just Cause for War from the Perspective of the Founders of Confucianism
Authors: Rigel Michal
Published: April 2024

A comprehensive description of just causes for entering a war within thefundamental sources of early Confucian tradition represents the core of thearticle. The analysis seeks to underline the significant role of the just wartheory in contemporary international politics. The article also highlights therise of the economic, political and military power of China and emphasizesthat the country has the potential to play an increasingly important role inworld politics over the next few decades. Thus it is necessary to examinethe way China is looking at issues of war and ethics. Since there has beenevidence uncovered that Confucianism has started to gain influence inChinese society again, it seems fully acceptable to analyse just war from aConfucian perspective. The main focus of the research is put on exploringworks of the founders of Confucianism, particularly the texts of Confuciusand Mencius. The analysis of these works uncovers that the main ethicalprinciples of early Confucian teaching allow for various specific reasons forentering a war. Then in the conclusion there is a list of five different types ofconflicts that can be assessed as justifiable under certain conditions inConfucian thought.
The Republic of South Africa
Authors: Piknerová Linda
Published: April 2024

This text deals with the development assistance of the Republic of SouthAfrica after the fall of the apartheid era. The article is framed by the theoryof South-South cooperation, which was established in the 1950’s and hasrisen since the beginning of the 1990’s. The paper consists of two parts. Thefirst one is focused on the theory of South-South cooperation with anemphasis on development cooperation. Five particular features whichdistinguish the South-South cooperation from the “Western approach” arementioned in this part. The second part tries to apply the mentionedfeatures to the development cooperation of the Republic of South Africa. Inthe last section we briefly summarize some new information about theSouth-South cooperation. To put it briefly, we can say that the developmentcooperation of the Republic of South Africa is characterized by manyparticular features.
Systemic Coordination of European Affairs
Authors: Karlas Jan , Weiss Tomáš , Šlosarčík Ivo , Dostál Vít
Published: April 2024

This study seeks to make a contribution to a limited research on thesystemic level of the national coordination of European affairs, whichinvolves both domestic institutions and a permanent representation at theEU and national embassies in the EU member states and other countries.We explore the issue through a case study which concentrates on 1) severalmiddle-sized EU member states and 2) coordination in the field of foreignand security policy. The study argues that the coordination at the systemiclevel has a rather a centralized character. The elements of decentralization,which can be also identified at the systemic level, are primarily related toinformation-gathering as well as representation at negotiations. Permanentrepresentations are considerably more involved in coordination thannational embassies, however.
Chinese “Gas Policy” towards Russia and Turkmenistan, 2001–2012
Authors: Koďousková Hedvika
Published: April 2024

The ambition of the paper is to analyze the major characteristics of theChinese energy policy towards the most important producers of natural gasin China’s neighborhood. The analytical perspectives of a strategic approachto energy security and state-centric realism are used to work with casestudies of Sino-Russian and Sino-Turkmen relations from the energysecurity perspective. The paper concludes that China’s energy policytowards the given producers in Russia and Turkmenistan comessignificantly close to the selected analytical perspectives and that naturalgas has become an important part of the strategic considerations of theChinese political leadership. This conclusion, however, applies more toTurkmenistan and less to Russia, as in the case of the Sino-Russianrelations, both parties fail to achieve a mutual complementarity, andeconomic thinking prevails over Beijing’s strategic interests.
Transformations of the Papacy’s Relation towards the Project of European Integration
Authors: Žák Petr
Published: April 2024

This article deals with the European integration policy of the Holy Seefrom the 1950s until the resignation of Benedict XVI at the beginning of2013. The goal of the study is to describe the integration policies ofindividual popes in the context of political science theories. In the first halfof the study we will briefly introduce the major typologies of politicalscience for the study of integration policies of political parties. From the listof the existing approaches, we choose the typology of Petr Kaniok as themost appropriate for this study. In the second half of the study, individualpopes are classified according to the framework of Kaniok’s typology. Thegoal of the study is not only to investigate the major moves in theintegration policy of the Holy See, but also to utilize a theoretical approachtraditionally used for the study of political parties on the issue of the HolySee.
Ladislav Kudrna: První vietnamská válka na pozadí osudu Ladislava Charváta
Authors: Adamec Jan
Published: April 2024

Ladislav Kudrna: První vietnamská válka na pozadí osuduLadislava Charváta. 1. vydání, Praha: Academia, ÚSTR, 2012, 360 stran, ISBN 978-80-200-2198-4 (Academia), ISBN 978-80-87211-67-0 (ÚSTR).
Thérèse Delpech: Nuclear Deterrence in the 21st Century. Lessons from the Cold War for a New Era of Strategic Piracy
Authors: Šimůnková Klára
Published: April 2024

Thérèse Delpech: Nuclear Deterrence in the 21st CenturyLessons from the cold war for a new era of strategic piracy.1st ed. Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2012, 179 stran, ISBN 978-0-8330-5930-7.
Migration as an Adaptation to Climate Change
Authors: Stojanov Robert , Duží Barbora
Published: April 2024

Environmental change (including climate change) affects natural and socio-economic systems as well as migration patterns. Migration is a part of the cultural habits of various societies and serves as a survival or personal development strategy. If we focus on the relationship between migration and climate change (in terms of changes of temperatures, changes of precipitation patterns, extreme weather events occurrence, etc.), migration could be perceived as a short-term coping strategy or a long-term adaptation strategy. The main aim of the paper is to deal with the relationship between climate change and the migration strategies of various peoples who immigrate as a reaction to changes in their living conditions. Two case studies from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa demonstrate two different approaches of local communities to tackling the impacts of climate change. The empirical qualitative field research showed that the communities from South Asia perceived climate change as one of the significant factors encouraging migration, while in Sub-Saharan Africa migration on such a substantial scale in relation to climate change did not take place.
Contested Identities, Hunger, and Emigration: Themes in Ukrainian Cinema to Explain the Present Day
Authors: Sachleben Mark
Published: April 2024

Storytelling is an essential aspect of the creation of a community of the mind. Shortly after its invention, film became instrumental in cultivating national identity. States and national groups are keen to have their stories told in order to reinforce a sense of identity internally and claim relevance externally. This paper explores how film and popular culture help to explain politics and identity in Ukraine, examining how films are reinterpreted, reformulate a canon, and facilitate new political arguments. Therefore, through the films of Alexander Dovzhenko, we can see how the struggle to balance political ideology and national identity depicted in them helps to illuminate and explain politics today. A feature of Ukrainian cinema that is often overlooked is how films made by the diaspora perpetuated national identity, language, and culture through periods of hunger and subjugation. These films are both a statement of political and cultural identification and the basis for current political claims.
Method for determining the number of defective products in a sample based on one measurement result
Authors: Mironchenko V. I.
Published: April 2024

The most pressing problems in terms of production are increasing labor productivity and the quality of its results. One of the main ways to increase labor productivity is the development of new progressive technological processes. There are methods for controlling batches of products that can reduce the time of its control and increase labor productivity, which include methods of statistical quality control based on an alternative criterion. However, a sample from a batch of products must be fully controlled. When inspecting with one inspection tool, the sample inspection time is no less than the sum of the inspection times of all sample items. The purpose of this work is to develop a method for determining the number of defective products in a sample with one inspection tool, allowing to reduce the sample inspection time to the minimum possible. A method is proposed for determining the number of defective products of a certain class in a sample with one inspection tool using samples, which allows to signifi cantly reduce the sample inspection time. The samples are connected in parallel to the controlled products and are connected in series. All products in the sample with samples are controlled simultaneously, the total value of the controlled parameter is determined for them, and the number of defective products in the sample is determined by the formula. The effectiveness of the method is shown using the example of monitoring electromagnetic relays. The method makes it possible to reduce the sample inspection time to the minimum possible value, equal to the inspection time of one product.
Pengaruh Indeks Vietnam Ho Chi Stock Exchange Index, Straits Times Index dan Phillipine Stock Exchange Index terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2012-2021
Authors: Jamaludin Jamaludin , Tri Andriansah Putra
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui Pengaruh Indeks Vietnam Ho Chi Stock Exchange Index (VNI), Straits Times Index (STI) dan Phillipine Stock Exchange Index (PSEI) secara simultan dan parsial terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2012-2021. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh dari data penutupan bulanan VNI, STI, PSEI, dan IHSG bulan Januari 2012 sampai Desember 2021 sebanyak 120 bulan. Metode analisa yang digunakan meliputi uji analisis statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi linier sederhana, uji regresi linier berganda, uji koefisien determinasi, uji hipotesis (uji t) dan uji simultan (uji F). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel VNI, STI, dan PSEI secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap IHSG dengan konstribusi sebesar 84,4%. Secara parsial variabel VNI dan STI berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap IHSG dengan  t hitung VNI (10,937 > 1,98063) dan thitungSTI (9,528 > 1,98063) sedangkan variabel PSEI (-4,135 < 1,98063) dengan nilai t hitung dari PSEI lebih kecil dari nilai t tabel berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap IHSG