bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Serum Irisin Level, All-Cause Mortality, and Cardiovascular Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Zhou Sijia , Tang Wen , Wang Xiaoxiao , Han Qingfeng , Bai Qiong , Zhang Aihua
Published: December 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the prospective role of serum irisin – a novel adipo-myokine – in all-cause mortality and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: A prospectively observational study was conducted with 154 PD patients. Baseline clinical data were collected from the medical records. Serum irisin concentrations were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients were divided into the high irisin group (serum irisin ≥113.5 ng/mL) and the low irisin group (serum irisin <113.5 ng/mL) based on the median value of serum irisin. A body composition monitor was used to monitor body composition. Cox regression analysis was utilized to find the independent risk factors of all-cause and CV mortality in PD patients. Results: The median serum irisin concentration was 113.5 ng/mL (interquartile range, 106.2–119.8 ng/mL). Patients in the high irisin group had significantly higher muscle mass and carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) than those in the low irisin group (p < 0.05). Serum irisin was positively correlated with pulse pressure, CO2CP, and muscle mass, while negatively correlated with body fat percentage (p < 0.05). During a median of follow-up for 60.0 months, there were 55 all-cause deaths and 26 CV deaths. Patients in the high irisin group demonstrated a higher CV survival rate than those in the low irisin group (p = 0.016). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high irisin level (hazard ratio [HR], 0.341; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.135–0.858; p = 0.022), age, and diabetic mellitus were independently associated with CV mortality in PD patients. However, serum irisin level failed to demonstrate a statistically significant relationship with all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Low serum irisin levels at baseline were independently predictive of CV mortality but not all-cause mortality in PD patients. Therefore, serum irisin could be a potential target for monitoring CV outcomes in PD patients.
Comparison of the Reliability and Validity of Math Anxiety Scale with Different Scale Formats
Authors: Duyapat Christony G. , Lanote Jonabel Y. , Homiggop Sarah L. , Gamboc Sharmaine B.
Published: December 2023

The study compared the reliability and validity of the Math Anxiety Scale (MAS) in different scale formats: 5-point scale, checklist, visual analog scale, and 4-point scale. Specifically, it sought to assess the student’s level of math anxiety, determine the reliability coefficients of each scale format, test the concurrent validity against the standardized scale, and compare the extracted factors with the original MAS. The respondents were 67 students, a total enumeration from two sections of a laboratory school in La Trinidad, Benguet. The standardized MAS (5-point scale) was adopted and transformed into a checklist, visual analog scale, and 4-point scale. The tests were administered at three-day intervals. The findings indicated that students experienced a moderate level of math anxiety, with cognitive dimension substantially contributing to their anxiety. The visual analog scale demonstrated the highest reliability coefficient, followed by the 4-point scale, checklist, and 5-point scale, respectively. Concurrent validity analysis revealed that the visual analog scale exhibited the highest concurrent validity, followed by the 4-point scale and checklist, respectively. Based on the results, the majority of the students are experiencing a moderate level of math anxiety. Among the four scale formats, the visual analog scale provides the most reliable and valid responses to be used in measuring math anxiety among junior high school students with ages ranging from 11 to 13 years old.
Impact of Implementing Faith Deepening Activities Regarding the People's Experience of Faith in The Parish of Santa Maria Bunda Para Bangsa Gunungsitoli-Nias
Authors: Harefa Evimawati
Published: December 2023

Considering that the basic mission of the Church is to be a servant of the Word, efforts to proclaim and realize a contextual Gospel in society must also pay attention to existing concrete situations and needs. The aim of this research is to find out faith deepening activities, the meaning of the appreciation of faith and its benchmarks, the influence of faith deepening activities on the people's appreciation of faith. In this paper the author uses quantitative research methods. In collecting data, the author distributed an open questionnaire (a questionnaire that has questions in the form of questions, with answer choices such as; very often, often, quite often, never, and several other alternative answers that have the same score (in the form of multiple choices), The assessment scale given to research subjects was measured using a Likert scale. The results of the multicollinearity test, the author found that the sub-variable of faith deepening activities (X) which had a very good effect on the variable of people's appreciation of faith (Y) was the implementation time sub-variable (X1), namely with The calculated t value is 2.953, while the sub-variable of materials used (X2) and the method sub-variable (X3) have a good effect and the faith building sub-variable (X4) has quite a good effect. The conclusion of this research is that there is an influence of the implementation of faith deepening on appreciation the faith of the people in the St. Maria BPB Gunungsitoli-Nias parish, Sibolga Diocese.
The Current Occurrences of Inequality: Formation Catechist for Awareness of Significant Moral Values
Authors: Naibaho Megawati
Published: December 2023

This research has been developed around the two contrasting views/themes of current occurrences of inequality and significance for formation catechist. The are several problems that occur in society, especially the absence of appreciation of Catholic moral values, require the development of faith and character for society, especially for Catholics. In reality, especially in pastoral circumstances, the management of community development through activities can contribute to overcome the problem by providing opportunities for lay people to become a catechist. Hence, identifying problems of injustice is important because everybody is members of families and communities who sometimes experience injustice. If this injustice is not addressed properly, it will be impossible for a catechist to carry out his duties conscientiously and dedicatedly for the common good. The method used in this research is comparative research. Through this method, the researcher tries to gather data and process data more flexibly by using a qualitative or quantitative approach. Thus, it is hoped that the research results will be able to reveal a significant relationship between inequality and the formation catechists as ministers in the Church.
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Road Safety Awareness Among Drivers and Motorists in Zamboanga Peninsula
Authors: Malang Bernandino P. , Adel Marjorie Jelly A. , Borja Angelica T. , Mangray Johair J.
Published: December 2023

Road safety is a matter of paramount concern on a global scale, given the substantial loss of life and injury resulting from road accidents every year. This comprehensive study is dedicated to a meticulous examination of road safety awareness and responsible conduct among drivers and motorists in Zamboanga Peninsula, situated in the Philippines. The central aim of this research is to conduct a detailed evaluation of the current status of road safety awareness and the responsible behaviors of drivers and motorists within Zamboanga Peninsula. Our intention is to identify the pivotal factors that influence road safety awareness and to recognize the barriers obstructing the translation of this awareness into responsible road behavior. To accomplish this aim, the researchers have employed quantitative techniques. A meticulously structured questionnaire survey was administered to a diverse cohort of drivers and motorists, which facilitated the collection of multifaceted data encompassing demographics, the level of awareness regarding road safety regulations, and the determinants impacting their on-road conduct. The quantitative dataset underwent rigorous analysis employing an array of statistical methods, with the mean scores and ranking system employed to dissect the collected data. The outcomes of this comprehensive research endeavor unveil a myriad of critical insights. Foremost, a conspicuous gender disparity is evident among road users in Zamboanga Peninsula, with males constituting the majority. Intriguingly, a substantial proportion of drivers falls within the age bracket of 26-35, signifying the demographic significance of this cohort. On the aspect of road safety awareness, the study affirms the presence of a robust understanding of fundamental road safety principles, yet it highlights the imperative need for focused attention to areas such as overtaking rules and the usage of mobile phones during driving. The research points to inconsistent law enforcement and high levels of traffic congestion as the most influential factors contributing to deficiencies in road safety awareness. This comprehensive study serves to illuminate the complex road safety landscape in Zamboanga Peninsula. It underscores the compelling necessity for region-specific interventions that cater to the prevalent gender and age disparities among road users. Moreover, the research findings emphasize the pivotal roles of law enforcement, traffic management, education, and targeted awareness campaigns in the quest for an improved road safety scenario.
The Influence of Interpersonal Skills of Working Students on Client Service Satisfaction in a Higher Educational Institution
Authors: Abejo Chaldea G. , Adanza Diosa Ruby Anne G. , Salvador Haniza N. , Uy Mary Niña J. , Indoc Sheila Mae P. , Abiol Michael Jere’ D.
Published: December 2023

The research aimed to investigate the impact of working students' interpersonal skills on client service satisfaction in a higher education institution on Sabayle Street, Iligan City. The study, conducted in 2022, included 50 respondents to accomplish its objectives. Stratified random sampling was employed to assess the interpersonal skills of the respondents. The study's findings concluded that clients expressed a high level of satisfaction with the services they received, indicating a significant positive relationship between clients and working students. The research strongly recommended that both working students and their clients recognize and support this positive dynamic to strengthen their relationship further.

Additionally, it encouraged the provision of constructive feedback on how working students interacted with their clients at St. Peter's College on Sabayle Street in Iligan City. In summary, this study shed light on the positive impact of working students' interpersonal skills on client service satisfaction. Acknowledging and nurturing this relationship was crucial for both parties involved, fostering an environment of mutual support and growth. Additionally, offering constructive feedback further enhances the quality of interactions between working students and clients in the academic setting.
The Mediating Effect of Organizational Culture on the Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Work-life Balance Among Business Management Faculty
Authors: Sabuero Jimmy B.
Published: December 2023

Work-life balance involves work and family. Work's great obligations require time for friends, family, civic activity, personal growth, self-care, and other personal pursuits. This study aimed to determine the mediating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between organizational commitment and work-life balance among business management faculty. This study used a descriptive correlational research design with mediation analysis. Stratified Random sampling was used with a total sample size of 130 respondents. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using mean and standard deviation.  The inferential statistics, Pearson R was used to test the significant relationship, while mediation analysis was used to determine the effect of organizational culture on the relationship between organizational commitment and work-life balance.

The findings reveal that the overall mean of faculty’s organizational commitment is (X̄=3.34, SD=0.59), interpreted as "Very high commitment". The study revealed that the overall mean work-life balance of the respondents is (X̄=3.42, SD=0.72), interpreted as a "Very high work-life balance." While the overall mean of faculty's organizational culture is (X̄=3.41, SD=0.51) interpreted “Very high organizational culture". The study showed a significant relationship between work-life balance and organizational commitment (r=0.785; p=.00), in which faculty who have high organizational commitment tend to have high work-life balance. The study also showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment (r=0.716; p=.00) in which faculty who rated high organizational culture tend to have high organizational commitment. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and Work-life balance (r=.582; p=.00), of which faculty who have rated high organizational culture tend to have high work-life balance. However, organizational culture does not significantly mediate the relationship between organizational commitment and work-life balance among business management faculty. Thus, it rejected the null hypothesis.

It can be concluded that commitment serves as a driving force in all organizational and institutional dealings. Faculty with a high organizational commitment tend to have high ratings on their measure of work-life balance. The Spillover Theory of Wilensky also proved in this study that Work-life Balance can impact one's emotions, motivation, and behavior in another area, leading to a ripple effect or spillover.
Evaluation of Job Satisfaction and Retention of Female Uniformed Personnel at The Civil Relations Service as A Result of Gender-Responsive Programs
Authors: Angulo Portia S. , Beloro Riza O. , Cruz Hernando A. , Quimson Jennifer S.
Published: December 2023

This research paper aims to measure the job satisfaction of female uniformed personnel and determine whether Gender and Development (GAD) policies and programs affect their retirement plans in military service. Moreover, it seeks to identify courses of action that could be implemented in the organization to further strengthen its GAD policies and programs.

 This study used a descriptive method for research with the assistance of a questionnaire as the main tool to gather data from the respondents. To examine the data, frequency distribution was used to determine the demographic profile of the respondents; Weighted Mean was used to assess the implementation and effectiveness of GAD programs and initiatives within the organization as well as to assess the job satisfaction on the promotion of women empowerment and participation; and Spearman Rank Correlation was used to measure the association between the level of satisfaction of female soldiers across age, rank, and civil status in terms of retention.

Based on the result of the study, the implemented GAD policies and programs in the Civil Relations Service (CRS) significantly impact the retention of uniformed women and effectively address gender-related issues affecting women in the service. Furthermore, the study reveals that female uniformed personnel's satisfaction with the promotion of women empowerment and participation is a critical factor affecting their retention intentions.

The researchers recommend that the organization develop policies and initiatives more responsive to the demands of the CRS female soldier. It's necessary to carry out a gender audit to determine the overall structure of the institution.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of 3rd-Year Medical Technology Students in a University in Manila, Philippines A.Y. 2022-2023
Authors: Malang Emmanuel DS , De Guzman Angela Marie A. , Dizon Sally Nicoile S. , Garcia Katrene Marie M. , Garcia Krishia Marie M. , Gogolin Penelope Portia P
Published: December 2023

Having good mental health is crucial throughout one's entire life, starting from early stages like childhood and adolescence, and continuing through adulthood and beyond. This research is a quantitative research approach and a correlational research design that aims to conduct a survey to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Mental Health of 3rd-Year Medical Technology College Students in a University in Manila. The researchers conducted an online survey consisting of 3rd-year medical technology students which has 317 as the overall population and 174 as respondents and were computed using an online statistical program, Raosoft. The online survey is only accessible to 3rd-year college students under the Department of Medical Technology at a University in Manila, Philippines.  The tallied data is stored via google sheets. This data is analyzed using the SPSS statistical tool. The results of the computations on the gathered data showed a significant relationship between the respondents’ understanding of COVID-19 and their psychological/mental health status. Consequently, this research study is helpful and beneficial to the students by helping them in gathering more knowledge about COVID-19 and helping them to control mental health problems in a more efficient way. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has both positive and negative impacts on the mental health of students in general. For instance, in positive impact, the majority of students feel at least moderately confident in their ability to manage personal challenges. In negative impact, students sometimes feel that they are unable to control important things in their life.
An investigation of Teachers' Attitudes towards Low academic achievers: A perspective of Diagnostic Remedial Teaching at Federal Government Educational Institutions
Authors: Sheer Muhammad , Ullah Fawad , Hakeem Luqman
Published: December 2023

Quality teaching methods such as Diagnostic Remedial Teaching (DRT) and the positive attitude of teachers significantly enhance the academic achievement of the students. This study investigates whether traditional teaching methods and negative attitudes of teachers play any significant role in the poor performance of low academic achievements. The study's objectives were to determine teachers' attitudes toward low academic achievers, Diagnostic Remedial Teaching (DRT), and the problems involved in implementing DRT in the classrooms. The sample size covers 42 Federal Government Educational Institutes (FGEI) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, involving 230 teachers and 22 principals. Findings reveal that the teachers hold a positive attitude toward implementing Diagnostic Remedial teaching (DRT) in the classroom. Still, inadequate training and heavy workloads of the teachers were the primary challenges. In addition, their attitudes toward low academic achievers were positive. However, they held negative attitudes towards those students who enrolled in the institutes without qualifying for the admission test standard criteria.
Engagement and Learning Success: Evidence from Three Years of Transformational Teaching Strategies in Online Event Marketing Education
Authors: Vergara Kimberly Christie , Santos Joseph Emil , Blasa-Cheng Angelique , Balatbat Maricel , Vergara Raymond Allan
Published: December 2023

This study is part of an ongoing teacher-led initiative in understanding the co-creation of a transformative learning experience in the online event marketing classroom. The study measures the impact of student engagement on student-defined learning success in online learning. Using a mixed methods approach, it investigates data collected through a survey questionnaire in three different years from students who enrolled in two course subjects.

This study demonstrates that student engagement is significantly correlated with and predicts learner-defined learning success in online learning. Furthermore, it finds that there were statistically significant differences in levels of student engagement and learning success among different cohorts, particularly when compared to cohorts who took the course subject in the later year. The differences may have been a result of the development of skills appropriate for online learning, and in improvements in course content and delivery.
A Case Study of Secondary Science Teachers in Utilizing Online Tools in Blended Modality
Authors: Ramos Dave C. , Taghap Raffy S.
Published: December 2023

Educational institutions are keeping up with changes in time. When COVID-19 hindered the traditional face-to-face classroom set-up, several forms of education, including blended learning, had to be implemented. Blended learning was possible due to the current advancement in science and technology. Applications and online tools are available for teachers and learners to ascertain the continuity of education. Hence, this study explores the online tools and applications utilized by science teachers, challenges encountered, and coping mechanisms teachers utilize to counter challenges. Moreover, this study employs a case study approach to ascertain that the data gathered are contextualized and specific. The results revealed that teachers utilized online tools like Class Point, Quizziz, E-class (Moodle), Kahoot, and Peer Deck. Challenges encountered by teachers include Lack of Digital Competence, Incompatibility of the application to the gadget used, Unstable internet connection, Lack of access to online tools premium features, and Lack of student engagement and direct supervision. Moreover, the teachers' coping mechanisms include Using differentiated and collaborative activities and emphasizing authentic submission of outputs. To effectively develop and implement these tools, it is necessary to comprehend and attend to the needs of secondary science teachers who have shared their experiences using online tools in a blended modality.
Application of Panel Regression Model in Gender Studies in East Java
Authors: Sihombing Pardomuan Robinson , Arsani Ade Marsinta , Prayasta I Gede Heprin , Candrawati Ida Ayu
Published: December 2023

Gender inequality remains one of the exciting issues to discuss. The role of women in social and economic continues to increase from year to year. This study aims to see the effect of the Gender Empowerment Index (GEI), Gender Development Index (GDI), and poverty rate on the Gender Inequality Index (GII) in East Java. Data sourced from the BPS-Statistics Indonesia of East Java Province for the 2018-2020 period. The statistical method used was multiple linear regression with panel data. Based on panel model testing, the random model is the best. Simultaneously, all variables affect the GII. Partially, GEI and GDI have a significant negative effect on GII. On the other hand, the percentage of poor people has a significant positive effect on GII. Based on the results of this study, comprehensive policies related to macro-social economics are needed so that the level of GII continues to decline.
CD4+ T-Cell Legumain Deficiency Attenuates Hypertensive Damage via Preservation of TRAF6
Authors: He Yuhu , Zou Pu , Lu Junmi , Lu Yufei , Yuan Shuguang , Zheng Xialei , Liu Jing , Zeng Cheng , Liu Ling , Tang Liang , Fang Zhenfei , Hu Xinqun , Liu Qiming , Zhou Shenghua
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

T cells are central to the immune responses contributing to hypertension. LGMN (legumain) is highly expressed in T cells; however, its role in the pathogenesis of hypertension remains unclear.

METHODS:

Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with hypertension, and cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells were sorted for gene expression and Western blotting analysis. TLGMNKO (T cell–specific LGMN-knockout) mice (Lgmn
f/f
/CD4
Cre
), regulatory T cell (Treg)–specific LGMN-knockout mice (Lgmn
f/f
/Foxp3
YFP Cre
), and RR-11a (LGMN inhibitor)–treated C57BL/6 mice were infused with Ang II (angiotensin II) or deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt to establish hypertensive animal models. Flow cytometry, 4-dimensional label-free proteomics, coimmunoprecipitation, Treg suppression, and in vivo Treg depletion or adoptive transfer were used to delineate the functional importance of T-cell LGMN in hypertension development.

RESULTS:

LGMN mRNA expression was increased in CD4+ T cells isolated from hypertensive patients and mice, was positively correlated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and was negatively correlated with serum IL (interleukin)-10 levels. TLGMNKO mice exhibited reduced Ang II–induced or deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt–induced hypertension and target organ damage relative to wild-type (WT) mice. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of LGMN blocked Ang II–induced or deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt–induced immunoinhibitory Treg reduction in the kidneys and blood. Anti-CD25 antibody depletion of Tregs abolished the protective effects against Ang II–induced hypertension in TLGMNKO mice, and LGMN deletion in Tregs prevented Ang II–induced hypertension in mice. Mechanistically, endogenous LGMN impaired Treg differentiation and function by directly interacting with and facilitating the degradation of TRAF6 (tumor necrosis factor receptor–associated factor 6) via chaperone-mediated autophagy, thereby inhibiting NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) activation. Adoptive transfer of LGMN-deficient Tregs reversed Ang II–induced hypertension, whereas depletion of TRAF6 in LGMN-deficient Tregs blocked the protective effects.

CONCLUSIONS:

LGMN deficiency in T cells prevents hypertension and its complications by promoting Treg differentiation and function. Specifically targeting LGMN in Tregs may be an innovative approach for hypertension treatment.
Role of Polyunsaturated Fat in Modifying Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Family History of Cardiovascular Disease: Pooled De Novo Results From 15 Observational Studies
Authors: Laguzzi Federica , Åkesson Agneta , Marklund Matti , Qian Frank , Gigante Bruna , Bartz Traci M. , Bassett Julie K. , Birukov Anna , Campos Hannia , Hirakawa Yoichiro , Imamura Fumiaki , Jäger Susanne , Lankinen Maria , Murphy Rachel A. , Senn Mackenzie , Tanaka Toshiko , Tintle Nathan , Virtanen Jyrki K. , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Allison Matthew , Brouwer Ingeborg A. , De Faire Ulf , Eiriksdottir Gudny. , Ferrucci Luigi , Forouhi Nita G. , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Hodge Allison M , Kimura Hitomi , Laakso Markku , Risérus Ulf , van Westing Anniek C. , Bandinelli Stefania , Baylin Ana , Giles Graham G. , Gudnason Vilmundur , Iso Hiroyasu , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Post Wendy S. , Psaty Bruce M. , Salonen Jukka T. , Schulze Matthias B. , Tsai Michael Y. , Uusitupa Matti , Wareham Nicholas J. , Oh Seung-Won , Wood Alexis C. , Harris William S. , Siscovick David , Mozaffarian Dariush , Leander Karin ,   Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE)
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:

It is unknown whether dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modifies the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with a family history of CVD. We assessed interactions between biomarkers of low PUFA intake and a family history in relation to long-term CVD risk in a large consortium.

METHODS:

Blood and tissue PUFA data from 40 885 CVD-free adults were assessed. PUFA levels ≤25th percentile were considered to reflect low intake of linoleic, alpha-linolenic, and eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic acids (EPA/DHA). Family history was defined as having ≥1 first-degree relative who experienced a CVD event. Relative risks with 95% CI of CVD were estimated using Cox regression and meta-analyzed. Interactions were assessed by analyzing product terms and calculating relative excess risk due to interaction.

RESULTS:

After multivariable adjustments, a significant interaction between low EPA/DHA and family history was observed (product term pooled RR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.02–1.16];
P
=0.01). The pooled relative risk of CVD associated with the combined exposure to low EPA/DHA, and family history was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.30–1.54), whereas it was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.16–1.33) for family history alone and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.98–1.14) for EPA/DHA alone, compared with those with neither exposure. The relative excess risk due to interaction results indicated no interactions.

CONCLUSIONS:

A significant interaction between biomarkers of low EPA/DHA intake, but not the other PUFA, and a family history was observed. This novel finding might suggest a need to emphasize the benefit of consuming oily fish for individuals with a family history of CVD.
Description of the Last Instar Larva of Platylestes platystylus (Rambur, 1842) from Kerala, India (Odonata: Lestidae)
Authors: CHANDRAN AYIKKARA VIVEK , JOSE SUBIN KANIYAMATTATHIL , DAWN PROSENJIT
Published: December 2023

The description of the final instar larva and the subsequent exuvia of Platylestes platystylus (Rambur, 1842) is given based on a single male larva collected from Kerala and reared in the laboratory. A brief account of the habitat of the damselfly and an updated key to the larvae of genera of Family Lestidae Calvert, 1901 are also provided.
The Role of Bottom Friction in Mediating the Response of the Weddell Gyre Circulation to Changes in Surface Stress and Buoyancy Fluxes
Authors: Neme Julia , England Matthew H. , Hogg Andrew McC. , Khatri Hemant , Griffies Stephen M.
Published: December 2023

The Weddell Gyre is one of the dominant features of the Southern Ocean circulation and its dynamics have been linked to processes of climatic relevance. Variability in the strength of the gyre’s horizontal transport has been linked to heat transport toward the Antarctic margins and changes in the properties and rates of export of bottom waters from the Weddell Sea region to the abyssal global ocean. However, the precise physical mechanisms that force variability in the Weddell’s lateral circulation across different time scales remain unknown. In this study, we use a barotropic vorticity budget from a mesoscale eddy active model simulation to attribute changes in gyre strength to variability in possible driving processes. We find that the Weddell Gyre’s circulation is sensitive to bottom friction associated with the overflowing dense waters at its western boundary. In particular, an increase in the production of dense waters at the southwestern continental shelf strengthens the bottom flow at the gyre’s western boundary, yet this drives a weakening of the depth-integrated barotropic circulation via increased bottom friction. Strengthening surface winds initially accelerate the gyre, but within a few years the response reverses once dense water production and export increases. These results reveal that the gyre can weaken in response to stronger surface winds, putting into question the traditional assumption of a direct relationship between surface stress and gyre strength in regions where overflowing dense water forms part of the depth-integrated flow.
Using Radiosonde Observations to Assess the “Three Ingredients Method” to Forecast QLCS Mesovortices
Authors: Ungar Max D. , Coniglio Michael C.
Published: December 2023

A technique used widely to forecast the potential for QLCS mesovortices is known as the “Three Ingredients Method” (3IM). The 3IM states that mesovortices are favored where 1) the QLCS cold pool and ambient low-level shear are said to be nearly balanced or slightly shear dominant, 2) where the component of the 0–3-km wind shear normal to the convective line is ≥30 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1), and 3) where a rear-inflow jet or enhanced outflow causes a surge or bow along the convective line. Despite its widespread use in operational settings, this method has received little evaluation in formal literature. To evaluate the 3IM, radiosonde observations are compared to radar-observed QLCS properties. The distance between the gust front and high reflectivity in the leading convective line (the “U-to-R distance”), the presence of rear-inflow surges, and mesovortices (MVs) were each assessed across 1820 line segments within 50 observed QLCSs. Although 0–3-km line-normal wind shear is statistically different between MV-genesis and null segments, values are ≤30 kt for 44% of MV-genesis segments. The 0–6-km line-normal wind shear also shows strong discrimination between MV-genesis and null segments and displays the best linear relationship of the U-to-R distance (a measure of system balance) among layers tested, although the scatter and overlap in distributions suggest that many factors can impact MV genesis (as expected). Overall, most MVs occur where the U-to-R distance lies between −5 and 5 km in the presence of a rear-inflow surge, along with positive 0–1-km wind shear, 0–3-km wind shear > 10 kt, and 0–6-km wind shear > 20 kt (all line-normal).

Significance Statement

Near the leading edge of thunderstorm lines, areas of rotation that can produce tornadoes and strong winds (“mesovortices”) often develop rapidly. Despite advances in understanding mesovortices, few operational guidelines exist to anticipate their genesis. One popular method used to forecast mesovortices—the “Three Ingredients Method”—is evaluated in this study. Our work confirms the importance of two of the ingredients—a surge of outflow winds and thunderstorms that stay nearly atop the leading edge of the outflow. However, we find that many mesovortices occur below the threshold of low-level wind shear ascribed by the forecast method. Refinements to the method are suggested, including the favorable distance between the leading edge of the outflow and thunderstorm updrafts and lower bounds of wind shear over multiple layers, below which mesovortices may be unlikely.
Automatic configuration analysis method of planetary gear automatic transmission
Authors: Ke Tao , Ding Huafeng , Geng Meijie , Gong Chen
Published: December 2023

Planetary gear trains (PGT) with the aim of achieving multiple speed ratios are widely used in automatic transmission (AT). A fast configuration analysis method is of significance for improving the efficiency of AT design, and it is essential to study the automatic configuration analysis method for AT. For this purpose, the AT configuration is represented by a matrix model, which includes the structural matrix of PGT and shifting elements (SEs) matrix. Based on the proposed matrix representation, the speed relation and torque relation matrices of AT are automatically derived to analyze the kinematics and dynamics. Five performance indexes of AT configuration, specifically transmission ratio, rotation speed of components, torque transmitted by SEs, power flow, and transmission efficiency, are automatically calculated through the analysis result. The entire analysis process can be completed in 1 s on the computer. The proposed matrix model offers a unified representation for the configuration of AT derived from different synthesis algorithms. It facilitates rapid automated configuration analysis and performance evaluation, thereby positively influencing the design of automatic transmissions. Furthermore, the matrix model can be applied to the configuration synthesis of AT.
Fault diagnosis of horizontal centrifugal pump orifice ring wear and blade fracture based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise-singular value decomposition algorithm
Authors: Bin Lin , Rongsheng Zhu , Qian Huang , Yongyong Zhang , Qiang Fu , Xiuli Wang
Published: December 2023

Horizontal centrifugal pump orifice ring wear and blade fracture failure will not only affect the hydraulic performance but also affect the safety and stability of the whole unit. In this paper, the horizontal centrifugal pump orifice ring wear and blade fracture failure are studied, and carry out condition monitoring and fault identification through the vibration signal under the failure. Combined with the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise and Singular Value Decomposition algorithm of adaptive noise, a vibration feature extraction method of horizontal centrifugal pump based on intrinsic mode singular value is proposed. Through the BP neural network, based on the time domain, frequency domain, wavelet packet-AR spectrum, and intrinsic mode singular value characteristics of single-point and double-point vibration, the identification model is constructed and the identification effect is compared. The research shows that the vibration feature recognition effect of CEEMDAN-SVD decomposition is verified based on BP neural network model, and the BP neural network is improved by Particle Swarm Optimization to further improve the recognition effect and speed, which provides the diagnosis model for the design of subsequent diagnosis system.
Contributions of queer theory to a political approach to corporeality in cultural psychology
Authors: Moura Carina Borgatti , Lopes de Oliveira Maria Claudia Santos
Published: December 2023

Since the end of the 20th century, the Cartesian paradigm of identity has been the object of criticism, raised by different epistemological perspectives, including post-structuralism, feminism, constructionism, and philosophy of language studies. A common aspect of these new theoretical-epistemological perspectives is the search to overcome an idealistic, immaterial, vision of the psychological subject, emphasizing the concrete character of its subjective construction, and the anchoring of the whole process in corporeality. These new trends rediscover the body as a concept within the human and social sciences, especially, inspired by Michel Foucault’s work. In Psychology, although the body has recently become an object of increasing interest for different perspectives, a theoretical gap concerning its political dimension, the power forces that cross through corporeity is still observed. This article draws, then, on Queer Theory’s epistemological contributions to critical psychology and the construction of such a notion of embodied subjectivity within Cultural Semiotic Psychology, considering the sociocultural processes that operate in the construction of subjects. Additionally, we seek to provide arguments to refuse the understanding that social markers such as sex, gender, and race are mere variables associated with the human, and reinforce that subjects are constitutively sexed, gendered, and racialized.
The use of eye-tracking technology as a tool to evaluate social cognition in people with an intellectual disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jenner L. A. , Farran E. K. , Welham A. , Jones C. , Moss J.
Published: December 2023

Background

Relatively little is known about social cognition in people with intellectual disability (ID), and how this may support understanding of co-occurring autism. A limitation of previous research is that traditional social-cognitive tasks place a demand on domain-general cognition and language abilities. These tasks are not suitable for people with ID and lack the sensitivity to detect subtle social-cognitive processes. In autism research, eye-tracking technology has offered an effective method of evaluating social cognition—indicating associations between visual social attention and autism characteristics. The present systematic review synthesised research which has used eye-tracking technology to study social cognition in ID. A meta-analysis was used to explore whether visual attention on socially salient regions (SSRs) of stimuli during these tasks correlated with degree of autism characteristics presented on clinical assessment tools.

Method

Searches were conducted using four databases, research mailing lists, and citation tracking. Following in-depth screening and exclusion of studies with low methodological quality, 49 articles were included in the review. A correlational meta-analysis was run on Pearson’s r values obtained from twelve studies, reporting the relationship between visual attention on SSRs and autism characteristics.

Results and conclusions

Eye-tracking technology was used to measure different social-cognitive abilities across a range of syndromic and non-syndromic ID groups. Restricted scan paths and eye-region avoidance appeared to impact people’s ability to make explicit inferences about mental states and social cues. Readiness to attend to social stimuli also varied depending on social content and degree of familiarity. A meta-analysis using a random effects model revealed a significant negative correlation (r = −.28, [95% CI −.47, −.08]) between visual attention on SSRs and autism characteristics across ID groups. Together, these findings highlight how eye-tracking can be used as an accessible tool to measure more subtle social-cognitive processes, which appear to reflect variability in observable behaviour. Further research is needed to be able to explore additional covariates (e.g. ID severity, ADHD, anxiety) which may be related to visual attention on SSRs, to different degrees within syndromic and non-syndromic ID groups, in order to determine the specificity of the association with autism characteristics.
Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intestines of Musca domestica larvae can assist the host in antagonizing the poisoning of the heavy metal copper
Authors: Yin Yansong , Wang Shumin , Zhang Kexin , Li Ying , Liu WenJuan , Zhang Qian , Zhang Xinyu , Kong Xinxin , An Sha , Zhang Ruiling , Zhang Zhong
Published: December 2023

Background

Musca domesticalarvae are common saprophytes in nature, promoting the material—energy cycle in the environment. However, heavy metal pollution in the environment negatively affects their function in material circulation. Our previous research found that some intestinal bacteria play an important role in the development of housefly, but the responses of microbial community to heavy metal stresses inMusca domesticais less studied.

Results

In this study, CuSO4, CuSO4—Klebsiella pneumoniaemixture and CuSO4—K. pneumoniaephage mixture were added to the larval diet to analyze whetherK. pneumoniaecan protect housefly larvae against Cu2+injury. Our results showed that larval development was inhibited when were fed with CuSO4, the bacterial abundance ofProvidenciain the intestine of larvae increased. However, the inhibition effects of CuSO4was relieved whenK. pneumoniaemixed and added in larval diets, the abundance ofProvidenciadecreased. Electron microscope results revealed thatK. pneumoniaeshowed an obvious adsorption effect on copper ion in vitro.

Conclusions

Based on the results we assume thatK. pneumoniaecould adsorb Cu2+, reduce Cu2+impact on gut community structure. Our study explains the role ofK. pneumoniaeantagonizing Cu2+, which could be applied as a probiotic to saprophytic bioantagonistic metal contamination.
Genome-wide transcriptional response to silver stress in extremely halophilic archaeon Haloferax alexandrinus DSM 27206 T
Authors: Buda Doriana Mădălina , Szekeres Edina , Tudoran Lucian Barbu , Esclapez Julia , Banciu Horia Leonard
Published: December 2023

Background

The extremely halophilic archaeon Haloferax (Hfx.) alexandrinus DSM 27206 T was previously documented for the ability to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles while mechanisms underlying its silver tolerance were overlooked. In the current study, we aimed to assess the transcriptional response of this haloarchaeon to varying concentrations of silver, seeking a comprehensive understanding of the molecular determinants underpinning its heavy metal tolerance.

Results

The growth curves confirmed the capacity of Hfx. alexandrinus to surmount silver stress, while the SEM–EDS analysis illustrated the presence of silver nanoparticles in cultures exposed to 0.5 mM silver nitrate. The RNA-Seq based transcriptomic analysis of Hfx. alexandrinus cells exposed to 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mM silver nitrate revealed the differential expression of multiple sets of genes potentially employed in heavy-metal stress response, genes mostly related to metal transporters, basic metabolism, oxidative stress response and cellular motility. The RT-qPCR analysis of selected transcripts was conducted to verify and validate the generated RNA-Seq data.

Conclusions

Our results indicated that copA, encoding the copper ATPase, is essential for the survival of Hfx. alexandrinus cells in silver-containing saline media. The silver-exposed cultures underwent several metabolic adjustments that enabled the activation of enzymes involved in the oxidative stress response and impairment of the cellular movement capacity. To our knowledge, this study represents the first comprehensive analysis of gene expression in halophillic archaea facing increased levels of heavy metals.
Phenotypic characterization and seed viability test in ex-situ conserved Ethiopian cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces
Authors: Gadissa Fekadu , Gudeta Temesgen Bedassa
Published: December 2023

Background

Nowadays, most of the Ethiopian barley landraces had been lost from farmer’s field and exclusively found ex-situ conserved at the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI). Those ex-situ conserved are generally believed to be representative of the original population and possess high genetic diversity and important unique genes that are useful for tackling the various biotic and abiotic stresses in the face of the current climate change. Thus, this research was aimed at testing the performance of 150 ex-situ conserved landraces that had been collected from Arsi and Bale highlands, Southeastern Ethiopia. The landraces were tested at multiple test locations over two years (2021 and 2022).

Results

All the tested landraces showed a good germination rate regardless of their long storage duration. In addition, performance of all the qualitative traits revealed a varying frequency for each character state. For example, most of the accessions (51.3%) had six kernel row numbers (KRN). All the remaining accessions had two rows (28.7%) and irregular KRN with variable lateral florets (20%). Likewise, some of the quantitative traits considered showed a significant variation among the landraces. However, there observed a significant variation for all the interaction effects in some of the traits considered signifying the importance of considering environment effects while targeting genetic selection and improvement of ex-situ conserved germplasms. The phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were considerably high to medium in most of the traits considered including seed yield per hectare (SYPH) but with no associated higher genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV). Moreover, all the traits showed a far greater phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) to that of genotypic coefficients of variation (GCV) once again suggesting the pronounced effect of environmental factors to the variation. This was far supported by the significantly higher absolute magnitudes in phenotypic correlation compared to their corresponding genotypic correlation in most of the traits. Low estimates of heritability and genetic advance observed in all the traits considered except seed yield per hectare indicate importance of the trait for selection in Ethiopian barley improvement programs. Clustering patterns of the accessions, in narrow sense, revealed the existence of low divergence among the samples.

Conclusion

Ethiopian barley landraces are promising candidates for further yield improvement and conservation. However, further regular testing and screening should be conducted for the ex-situ conserved landraces because of the current erratic climate change. In addition, more robust molecular marker systems could be used to clearly reveal the extents of genetic diversity and to facilitate the breeding and conservation of Ethiopian barley landraces.