bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IN VIVO ANTIPLASMODIAL AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF VERNONIA AMYGDALINA DEL. LEAVES
Authors: OMOREGIE E. S. , PAL A.
Published: March 2022

The in vivo antiplasmodial and immunomodulatory properties of ethanolic extract from Vernonia amygdalina leaves were studied. Ethanolic extract of the plant was prepared from air-dried leaves using standard procedures. For quality validation, chemical finger-print of the extract was performed through high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Extract was evaluated in vivo for antiplasmodial activity by the standard four-day suppressive test on P. berghei (ANKA) infected male Swiss mice (six weeks old) divided into five groups of six animals each. The absorption spectra from the HPTLC chemical fingerprint of the extract revealed several peaks suggesting presence of some compounds. Results from the in vivo study showed that the ethanolic extract of the plant leaves was significantly active against P. berghei in a dose-dependent manner with minimum and maximum activity observed in mice treated orally with 100mg/kg (% inhibition = 23.7%) and 1000 mg/kg (% inhibition = 82.3 %) of the extract, respectively, on day four of the study. There was also a dose-dependent decrease (p<0.05) in some oxidative stress indices especially nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation levels in the extract treated groups as against the infected controls which had high levels of these parameters. The pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-? and IFN-?) levels were considerably low in the extract treated groups relative to the infected controls. The results suggest that ethanolic extract of V. amygdalina leaves was
PREVALENCE OF DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIA AND TOXIC CHEMICALS IN POULTRY DUST
Authors: OKIKI P. A. , OPHORI E. A. , OGBIMI A. O.
Published: March 2022

Bacteriological investigations were carried out on air-borne and settled dust in poultry confinements. Poultry dusts were also analysed for heavy metals and toxic chemicals. Isolation of air-borne bacteria was by plate exposure, bacteria load in poultry air was carried out using air sampler and bacteria load in settled poultry dust was determined by serial dilution technique. The concentrations of nitrate, sulphate and ammonia in poultry dust was determined by the Brucine , turbidimetry and distillation methods respectively, while atomic absorption technique was used to determine the concentrations of Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, and Pb. Bacterial load in settled dust and air in poultry confinements were found to be7-26 x 107cfu/g and 2-20 x 107cfu/m3 respectively. Isolated bacteria in poultry confinements include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, Clostridium perfringes, Citrobacter freundii, Carnobacterium piscicola, Serratia marscences and Acinetobacter anitratus. Some of these isolated bacteria were resistant to multiple drugs. Sieved poultry dust samples analyzed for their chemical compositions were found to contain the following chemicals in ?g/kg: ammonia 31.23+2.06; nitrate 7.31+0.05; sulphate 5.1+0.07; zinc 5.1+0.07; manganese 16.48+0.76; copper 0.47+0.09; cadmium 0.02+0.01 and lead 0.08+0.02. Inhalation of these drug-resistant bacteria and toxic chemicals could be of grave health consequence. Protective measures that will reduce occupational dust exposure should be in place in poultry farms
HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF THE AQUEOUS SEED EXTRACT OF HUNTERIA UMBELLATA K. SCHUM IN NORMAL AND STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: IGBE I. , OMOGBAI E. K. I. , OZOLUA R. I.
Published: March 2022

Diabetes is often accompanied by lipid abnormalities, which contribute significantly to cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The seeds of Hunteria umbellata (k.Schum) are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. In this study, aqueous extract of H. umbellata (400, 800 and 1000 mg/kg) was tested for its possible lipid-lowering activity in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. The extract showed significant reduction in massive loss of body weights at 400 mg/kg (-11.0 ± 4.30, p<0.01) and 800 mg/kg (-10.8 ± 2.01, p<0.01) in diabetic rats. There was also a significant reduction (p<0.05) in total cholesterol and triglycerides at 400 mg/kg (-20.91 ± 5.30, -99.59 ±32.18) and 800 mg/kg (-124.03 ± 37.98) of the extract respectively in diabetic rats. Acute toxicity studies revealed that the extract was slightly toxic (LD50 = 1.66 g/kg) when administered intraperitoneally. The authors infer that aqueous seed extract of H. umbellate may be is effective in controlling blood glucose levels and improving lipid profile in diabetic conditions.
IMPACTS OF PLASTIC ENRICHED COMPOSTING ON SOIL MICROBIAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: ATUANYA E. I. , ABORISADE W. T.
Published: March 2022

A study of the impacts of plastic (polyethylene) enriched composting on soil microflora and physiochemical properties were investigated using soil samples from Okada, Edo State, Nigeria. The field experiment was carried out using 15 perforated plastic buckets, set out in the field. The plastic granules thoroughly mixed with the soil were, A (Control, untreated soil), B (0.83% treatment level), C (1.67% treatment level), D (2.50% treatment level) and E (3.33% treatment level). Physico-chemical parameters of soil before and after the experiment were analysed. The soil mean aerobic bacterial and fungal counts were determined at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks of experimental study. The results of soil analysis before the study show that the soil of Okada area was loamy sand with relatively low pH value of 5.2. The values of organic carbon (0.58%), Nitrogen (0.056%), Phosphorus (26.36%) and Potassium (0.20 mol/kg) show that the soil of the experimental area was poor in fertility. The addition of plastic granules had no significant effect on soil chemical properties but there was slight increase in soil organic carbon relative to control with the value range from 0.26% in the treatment A (control) to 1.24% in the treatment E. There were increases in soil bulk density values with corresponding decreases in total porosity. The plastic granules treated soils significantly affected the soil microbial load, but did not bring variation in diversity of major microbial species found in the soil.
MICROORGANISMS CONTAMINATING PEPPER (Capsicum species) IN A LOCAL MARKET IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA
Authors: OKUNGBOWA F.I. , OVIASOGIE F. E. , OSAZEE J. O.
Published: March 2022

Capsicum species are cultivated worldwide and used as spices, vegetables and medicine. In Nigerian local markets, Capsicum species are usually '' displayed for sale in a manner which exposes them to environmental contaminants. Microorganisms associated with two species of fresh pepper (Capsicum annum and C. frutescens ) displayed for sale in the open market (New Benin Market, the largest and busiest market) in Benin City, Nigeria, were investigated with a view to elucidating the inherent health hazards in their handling and exposure. Samples of pepper were cultured in the laboratory using the Pour Plate technique. Growth yielded five bacterial isolates, namely, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Citrobacter freundii and Streptococcus mutans, with total count of 2.7x104 to 6.8 x 106 cfu/g and 3.0x105 to 5.2x106 (for C. annum and C. frutescens, respectively), and three fungal isolates (Saccharomyces cerevisae, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum) with total count of 1.1x104 to 5.3 x 105 and 1.3x104 3.7cfu/g (for C. annum and C. frutescens, respectively). The high counts of these microorganisms in pepper indicate unhygienic handling and storage. This poses a health risk for sellers and consumers. It is recommended that pepper be thoroughly washed or boiled before eating. Also, hygienic storage conditions and handling should be observed.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NIGERIAN Corchorus species L
Authors: OSAWARU M. E. , CHIME A. O. , YAKUB O.
Published: March 2022

A study of accessions of the Corchorus species found in Nigeria was undertaken using quantitative and qualitative characters for evaluation. The quantitative characters include plant height, leaf length and breadth, while the qualitative are growth habit, nature of branching, stem pubescence, stem types, leaf shape, leaf colour, leaf pubescence, serration, nature of apex and base with presence or absence of setae. The result showed that plant height varied from 16.16 cm - 78.62 cm, leaf length and breadth from 5.00cm – 20.00cm and 2.00cm – 7.00cm respectively. Growth habit is determinate with medium branching nature, erect for all accessions studied. Leaf is lanceolate, acute at base with two setae for accessions NHCO26, NHCO3, NHCO25 ovate with one or two setae except accession OS/OD/O4. All leaves are green, pubescence and serrated. Among the accessions, stomata are 100% anisocytic and 100% amphistomatic among the accessions. Stomata were more on the abaxial surface and stomatal index ranges from 37.01 - 51.90. Trichomes were widely distributed, eglandular, solitary and unicellular. Three forms, mainly unicellular filiform, unicellular conical and multiserrate stellate types were recorded. These qualitative features especially the presence of setae, stomatal type and distribution were suggested diagnostics in Nigerian Corchorus. Setae were reported significant in characterizing Nigerian Corchorus species
BACTERIOLOGY OF READY-TO-EAT VEGETABLE SALADS SOLD IN FASTFOOD RESTUARANTS IN BENIN CITY AND THE EFFECT OF CHLORINE WASH ON THEIR SHELF LIFE
Authors: OMOROTIONMWAN B. B. , AGHIMIEN M. O. , AISAGBONHI E. P. , OMONIGHO S. E.
Published: March 2022

Ready-to-eat vegetable salads purchased from three fast food restaurants; Mr Biggs, Chicken Republic and Kada Fried in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, were analyzed for their bacteriological quality over a period of ten days of storage at 4 0C. Pour plate technique was used, enumeration and identification were done using cultural, morphological and biochemical methods. Mean bacterial counts on nutrient agar ranged from 1.10 ± 3.12 x 103 – 10.40 ± 1.61 x 103 cfu/g for Mr Biggs, 1.60 ± 1.00 x 103 - 11.0 ± 2.36 x 103 cfu/g for Chicken Republic and 2.40 ± 2.50 x 103 – 12.00 ± 1.76 x 103 cfu/g for Kada Fried. Mean coliform counts ranged from 4.20 ± 1.53 x 102 – 56.00 ± 2.18 x 102 cfu/g for Mr Biggs, 4.00 ± 2.29 x 102 – 63.00 ± 2.26 x102 cfu/g for Chicken Republic and 1.02 ± 1.16 x 103 – 7.60 ± 1.76 x 103 cfu/g for Kada Fried. The effect of chlorine wash on the shelf-life of self-made vegetable salad samples was also examined. There was reduction in the bacterial load of the salad samples with increasing sodium hypochlorite concentration, from 10-200ppm. Least bacterial counts were obtained on day 1 at 200ppm ( 1.10 ± 3.12 x 103 cfu/g) while the highest bacterial counts were obtained on day 10 at 10ppm (12.00 ± 1.76 x 103 cfu/g) concentration of sodium hypochlorite. Bacteria isolated from the stored salad samples were Serratia sp., Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Results of this study reawakens the need to wash vegetables properly before consumption and shows that the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite in reducing bacterial load and in storing vegetable salads at low temperature of 40C, is concentration dependent.. Vegetable salads should be consumed immediately after preparation or not later than two days after storage in the refrigerator to avoid spoilage organisms that can cause food poisoning.Key words: salad, shelf-life, bacteria, Nigeria
PLASMID PROFILING AND CURING ANALYSIS OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT NOSOCOMIAL BACTERIAL PATHOGENS FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES FROM UNIVERSITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOSPITAL, BENIN CITY, EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: AKORTHA E. E. , EGHAFONA N. O. , TULA M. Y.
Published: March 2022

One hundred and fifty nosocomial pathogens from 10 clinical sources from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City were isolated and identified. Staphylococcus aureus (30%) was the most predominant, while Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter spp. and Streptococcus spp. were the least (0.7%). Their antibiotic resistance patterns were ascertained against 9 antibiotics. The isolates showed multiple resistance against 3 - 8 antibiotics. None was resistant to as few as 1 – 2 antibiotics. Resistance to cefuroxime (92.7%) was highest, and least to cefixime (34%). Curing experiment was carried out on all resistant isolates using 10% sodium dodecyl sulphate. Positive result was obtained in 149(99.3%) of the total isolates. Loss of antibiotic resistance marker was total in 7(4.7%) and variable in 142(94.6%). 1(0.7%) did not lose any resistance marker. These results were statistically significant (p< 0.05). Eighty five percent of strains cured of at least 50% of their resistant markers harboured plasmids. The plasmids ranging in molecular size from <0.56kb to >23.13kb were grouped into 12 plasmid profiles with the 23.13kb plasmid being the most common. The numbers of strains per plasmid profile group varied from 1-18.The acquisition of plasmids seem to have greatly contributed to the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the bacterial population.
LAND USE AND BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN RELATION TO ELAEIS GUINEENSIS AND HEVEA BRASILIENSIS ESTABLISHMENT
Authors: OVIASOGIE P. O. , AISUENI N. O. , OKO-OBOH E. , STEPHEN O.
Published: March 2022

In the present study, a 65 hectare land located in Uvbe community in Orhionwon local Government area of Edo State was investigated for its suitability for either oil palm or rubber tree cultivation. Field investigation was conducted on the site and morphological characterization and vegetation was evaluated using the limitation method, following guidelines for rainfed agriculture for oil palm and rubber tree suitability assessment. Soil samples were also obtained and there physicochemical properties determined according to standard methods. The results obtained indicates that mean annual temperature in the area was 31 0 C While mean annual rainfall was 1700 mm. Soil morphological characterization showed that the entire area is flat and the soils sandy and well drained. There were no concretions or mottling. The soils are deep with rooting depth exceeding 120 cm. The physicochemical properties showed that the soil is acidic with mean pH of 4.5, mean Effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) of 4.82 with calcium dominating the exchange sites. The soils were generally low to moderate in organic matter 0.88 %, Comparing the result obtained with the standard criteria for the cultivation of Elaies guineensis and Heavea brasiliensis, it was seen that the aggregate suitability class of the area was not suitable (N) for rubber cultivation and not suitable, but can be corrected (N1) for oil palm cultivation. The land area assessed in the present study is not suitable for rubber tree cultivation. If the area must be put to use for oil palm cultivation, it must be allowed to undergo long term fallow, in order to increase the organic matter build up in the soil through litter fall and other organic amendment.
EFFLUENT QUALITIES AND B1ODEGRADATION POTENTIALS OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM HAIR-DRESSING SALON EFFLUENTS OBTAINED IN BENIN CITY
Authors: ATUANYA E. A. , KEME V. C.
Published: March 2022

Both bacteria found on the hair and the ones found in the water used in hair treatment are the constituent of hair-dressing salon effluent. Effluent bacteriological and physico-chemical qualities together with biodegradation potentials of bacteria isolated from hair-dressing salon effluents generated in Benin City were examined. The toxicity of the effluent on test microorganism (Nitrobacter) was also determined. The mean physico-chemical values of hair-dressing salon effluent showed that salon liquid wastes can be characterized as slightly more ?industrial strength? than typical domestic waste-water. The pH values indicated the alkaline nature of the effluent (10.6 ± 0.2). The mean total suspended solid (21.5 ± 3.1mg/l) showed that the effluent contains some sludge. Major bacterial isolates isolated from the effluent include Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp, Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Data obtained showed that even though Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp had highest frequency of isolation (35.5 and 32.8% respectively), Bacillus spp. followed by Staphylococcus spp. demonstrated the highest ability to utilize salon effluent as sole carbon source. The toxicity level (24h LC50) of salon effluent was found to be very low to Nitrobacter (950 ± 50 mg/1). The ultimate biodegradable value of salon effluent (63.9 - 71.6%) indicate that effluent generally contain readily microbial oxidizable organic carbon.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF MALARIA PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG RESIDENTS OF EKOSODIN COMMUNITY, BENIN CITY, EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ODILI U. V. I. , ILUBA U. I. , USIFOH S. F.
Published: March 2022

This study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of malaria preventive measures among student and non-student respondents in Ekosodin Community located close to a tertiary educational institution. A cross-sectional survey of 436 residents was carried out with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Most of all the respondents had a good knowledge about malaria transmission and have had malaria attack in the last six months. 72.3% non-students and 82.9% students associated the infection with mosquito bite. Some of the respondents, 32.6% non-students and 40.9%students sought treatment from the hospital first in the event of a malaria attack. Cost (31.5% non-students and 25.8% students) and perceived safety (31.0% non-students and 25.4% students) of treatment or preventive measure were the most common factors that influenced the choice of malaria treatment or preventive methods.The malaria prevention practices of both groups of respondents were similar and reasonably fair but comparatively more students practiced the use of insecticide sprays (p=0.01). Just about 20% of both non-student and student respondents claimed to have at least one insecticide-treated net (ITN) but only 10.9% of non-students and 13.1% students actually use the ITNs. In conclusion, residents of Ekosodin community have a high level of knowledge on malaria and its preventive measures but this knowledge has not been fully translated into appropriate use of available malaria interventions. Public enlightenment efforts should be intensified to address the identified knowledge gaps and effective malaria preventive measures should be made affordable.
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF A HERBAL FOOD SUPPLEMENT ON SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN RABBITS
Authors: ISITUA C. C. , IBEH I. N.
Published: March 2022

In this study the impact of a herbal food supplement on rabbits was investigated. The herbal food comprises 80% Moringa oleifera leaf and 20% Caulis bambusae leaf extract. Twelve adult age-matched male Chinchilla rabbits were divided into three equal groups (n = 4) and allowed to acclimatize for 7 days in their respective cages. Group 1 rabbits were administered with 2.5ml of the herbal suspension by oral intubation, group 2 rabbits received 5.0ml of the suspension, while group 3 rabbits were given 5.0ml of the vehicle (sterile distilled water) and served as the control. The feeding period lasted for 30 days. At the end of the feeding experiment, blood samples were collected from the rabbits by cardiac puncture and analyzed for CD4 cells, packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells (WBC), differential white blood cells (DWBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and platelet count. The mean CD4 cell count, PCV, WBC, Hb, platelet, neutrophils and lymphocytes for the test rabbits were 28.59 x 103 cells / ml, 31.75 %, 3.45 x 103 ul, 9.45 g / 100 ml, 26.2 x 104 ul, 41.9 % and 43.2 %, respectively, while the control rabbits recorded 9.75 x 103 cells / ml, 36.5 %, 4.4 x 103 ul, 11.45 g / 100 ml, 27.8 x 104 ul, 37.0 % and 56.0 % respectively. Exposure to the herbal food caused significant increases in CD4 cells (P < 0.01), neutrophils (P < 0.05) and a significant decrease in lymphocytes (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference (P ? 0.05) in the physical and behavioral pattern of both test and control rabbits. These findings suggest an immuno-enhancing potential of the herbal food which was concentration dependent.
Tettigettalna argentata (Olivier 1790) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), une nouvelle cigale pour le département de l’Allier
Authors: Belenguier Luc
Published: March 2022

La première mention de Tettigettalna argentata dans le département de l’Allier est rapportée. Une synthèse des connaissances des cigales de l’Allier est dressée. Actuellement, trois espèces sont considérées comme partie intégrante de la cicadofaune de ce département.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Delivery of Psychotherapy & Counselling Practices in Urban India
Authors: Sawant Samindara , Bhat Shriya
Published: March 2022

The present exploratory research aimed to study the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychotherapy and counselling practices in the city of Mumbai. While several studies on the changes in mental healthcare delivery have been conducted globally, few studies have been done in India. This current study attempts to understand the shifts that psychologists and counsellors in Mumbai have made to their own therapy practice in the light of the pandemic and the subsequent lockdown. A total of 43 psychologists responded to an online survey sent across through Google Forms. Results were consistent with global trends that show that a vast majority of psychologists have moved their practices online, and are now delivering therapy remotely, rather than in-person. 88.4% of psychologists reported having moved to online practice either partially or completely, while 90.7% participants reported that they would continue with online practice after the pandemic had abated as well. While participants have reported several challenges in the way therapy is delivered, most have adapted to the online format and were evolving newer and better ways to deliver sessions online. The findings point toward deep, lasting changes in the delivery of mental health services in India, with the potential for far greater access and reach, as the current trend of remote sessions makes therapy available to individuals who may not have direct access to a therapist. While the study is exploratory in nature, it generates several pointers for further, detailed research, so as to better understand how psychotherapy services are now being delivered in urban India.
О помехоустойчивости сигнально-кодовых конструкций для систем Интернет вещей
Authors: Урсол Денис Владимирович
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматривается метод формирования сигнально-кодовых конструкций и решающее правило на основе индексов ортогонального субполосного базиса, позволяющих повысить уровень устойчивости к воздействию флуктуационных помех в системах Интернет вещей. Приводятся результаты сравнительных вычислительных экспериментов битовой ошибки метода передачи с расширением спектра системы LoRa и метода на основе собственных векторов субполосного базиса. Результаты вычислений показывают возможность применения субполосного базиса в системах Интернет вещей с высокой эффективностью, не уступающего существующим методам.
Therapeutic approach to patients with chronic orofacial pain with temporomandibular disturbed
Authors: Moura Adolpho Marlon Antoniol , Matos Bruna Marquezini , Sousa Saulo Machado Moreira de , Pompei Filho Horácio
Published: March 2022

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a term that encompasses a series of dysfunctions and disorders that affect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles and associated structures. These disorders are characterized by a set of signs and symptoms that may include joint noises, such as clicking and crackling, tooth wear, limited mandibular movement, accompanied or not by facial, cranial and periauricular pain. Here, we reported the clinical conduct of a patient with muscle TMD. Patient with chronic pain complaint in the cervico-craniofacial region, signs of bruxism, mouth opening limitation and masseteric hypertonia. The diagnosis was TMD of bilateral masseteric muscle origin, without trigger points. Heat thermotherapy was prescribed, myofacial and myofunctional physiotherapy, rigid Michigan stabilizer plate making, postural correction, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. The patient presented a gradual evolution of the clinical condition and after 90 days reported remission of approximately 95% of the symptomatological complaints, such as an improvement in the quality of sleep at night, without medication assistance, reduction in pain crises, and full mouth opening (44mm). It is concluded that the correct diagnosis and full patient adherence to the treatment proposed in this study provided relief in painful symptoms and biopsychosocial aspects.
The quality and factors influencing sleep among patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Sophia Ninu , Mathai Susan , Saju Aarsha , Paul Achsa Susan , Chacko Alina Susan
Published: March 2022

Background: According to WHO, Sleep is triggered by a complex group of hormones that are active in the body, and that respond to cues from the body itself and the environment. Sleep disturbance is a frequently overlooked complication of intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of present study is to assess the quality of sleep and to identify the factors influencing quality of sleep among patients in intensive care unit. Materials and methods: A descriptive analytical survey design was used in this study. Total of 54 patients in between the age group of 18-60 who were admitted in the Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary care unit, Ernakulam were selected using a sample of convenience. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was computed using SPSS software. Results and Conclusion: Out of 54 subjects, 64.8% have good quality of sleep and 35.2% have poor quality of sleep. The study findings revealed that the noise produced by conversation is significantly associated with the quality of sleep among ICU patients (p=0.016). None of the other variables were found to be associated with the quality of sleep among ICU patients (p>0.05).
Psychological Problems among Young Adults Due to Covid-19
Authors: Mohan Monisha , Clement Nahomi , G Amritha , Reji Anugraha Achu , Samji Jincy Mary
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Covid-19 is an international public health emergency unprecedented in modern history and it causes several health and psychological problems among general population including high level of anxiety, depression and stress. The study was aimed to assess the psychological problems among young adults due to Covid 19. Research Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted at selected Panchayath of Alappuzha District, with the sample size of 50. Samples were selected through Non probability sampling technique using convenient sampling method. Data’s were collected by structured questionnaire, which comprises socio demographic variables, questions to assess the psychological well-being. Results: The study findings reveals that among 50 samples, majority of the subjects have moderate psychological problems (62%), remaining 38% percentage have mild psychological problems and none were affected severely. Conclusion: The current study findings concluded that there is high prevalence of psychological problems among young adults due to Covid 19 which emphasize the need for the health professionals including nurses to plan for the strategies to help the young adults to cope with the problems effectively.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Adverse Effect of Tobacco Use among Adolescent Boys in Selected Areas of Kerala
Authors: KS Reshma , Bennichan Sonia , S Sreelakshmi , Julius Varsha
Published: March 2022

A descriptive research study was done to assess the knowledge regarding tobacco use among adolescent boys in selected areas of Kerala. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge regarding adverse effects of tobacco use among adolescent boys in selected areas of Kerala, to find out the association between demographic variables and knowledge regarding adverse effects of tobacco use among adolescent boys of selected areas of Kerala. In the present study non experimental research design was selected to assess the knowledge regarding tobacco use among adolescent boys in selected areas of Kerala. A quantitative research approach was adopted. Convenient sample technique was used for this study. The sample consisted of 60 adolescents boys who were in the age group of 16-19 years. Structured questionnaire was given which consists of knowledge regarding adverse effects of tobacco use among adolescent boys. The results revealed that only occupation of the guardian showed significant association with knowledge regarding adverse effects of tobacco calculated value is greater than tabulated value at 0.05 level of significance, whereas age, type of family, education of guardian, family income per month and source of information showed no significant association with knowledge regarding adverse effects of tobacco. Also study revealed that out of 60 sample 5% sample had poor knowledge on adverse effect of tobacco use, 48.3% had average knowledge and 46.7% had good knowledge regarding tobacco use.
A descriptive study to assess the emotional problems among elderly people residing in selected areas in Kerala
Authors: Jose Jincy , Benny Sandra , Philip Sara , Prakash Sreelakshmi , Vijayan Vijisha , J. Jyothilekshmi
Published: March 2022

The present study entitled “A descriptive study to assess the emotional problems among elderly people residing in selected areas in Kerala”. The objective of the study was to assess the emotional problems among elderly people residing in selected areas in Kerala, to find out the association between the emotional problems among elderly and selected demographic variables. A total of 60 samples were selected based on purposive sampling technique and the emotional problems was assessed by providing self-structured questionnaire through google forms. The collected data were analyzed by using inferential statistics. The result of the study shows that among elderly people 8%were having mild emotional problems, 72 %were having moderate emotional problems and 20% were having severe emotional problems. The present study shows that there is no significant association between age, gender, marital status, education, occupation and family with emotional problems among elderly (calculated value<tabulated value) at 0.05 level of significant.
An evidence-based nursing care guide for critically ill patients with COVID-19: A scoping Review
Authors: Dhandapani Manju , VR Vijay , Krishnan Nadiya , Gopichandran Lakshmanan , Issac Alwin , Stephen Shine , Jacob Jaison , Thilaka Thilaka , Yaddanapudi Lakshmi Narayana , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam
Published: March 2022

Background: Nursing care plays a vital role in critically ill patients’ recovery process and outcome with COVID-19. Though there is a tremendous surge in COVID-19 literature, there is no comprehensive documentation of nursing aspects. Objective: To develop nursing care standards for critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methodology: To prepare this scoping review, a detailed literature review was done by the experts and trainers involved in the critical care of patients with COVID-19 from India’s premier institutes. Results: Rapidly progressing hypoxemia with respiratory failure induced by COVID-19 in critically ill patients poses a management challenge. Patients of COVID-19 progressing to critical stage must be identified early, and appropriate management initiated while taking all the specific measures to prevent infection to the healthcare providers. The essential components of critically ill patients’ nursing care include constant monitoring and maintenance of ventilation, oxygenation, fluid volume/hemodynamic status, and shock prevention. The other adjunctive measures include meeting the nutritional demands, prevention, early identification of complications, timely initiation of rehabilitation, and personal and environmental hygiene. Ensuring the safety of the healthcare providers with adequate PPE and infection control measures is of utmost importance while caring for the patients of COVID-19. Conclusion: The nursing interventions must be tailored vigilantly for the individual patient. The evidence is evolving, and the nursing care strategies discussed in this article based on existing evidence may guide the nurses and healthcare providers in managing critically ill patients of COVID-19.
Aspectos epidemiológicos da dengue entre os anos de 2010 e 2020 no município de Lago dos Rodrigues, estado do Maranhão, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira de Sousa Ronaldo , Uchôa da Silva Aritana , Martins Ribeiro Monique Hellen , Rotondo de Araújo Giovanna , Trindade Bezerra Juliana Maria
Published: March 2022

A dengue é uma doença infecciosa considerada um grave problema de saúde pública no estado do Maranhão, sendo responsável por importantes epidemias nos últimos anos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil epidemiológico da doença no município de Lago dos Rodrigues, Maranhão, no período de 2010 a 2020. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico sobre os casos prováveis de dengue disponíveis na plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). No período de 2010 a 2020 foram notificados 99 casos de dengue no município de Lago dos Rodrigues. Os anos de 2010 e 2011 obtiveram o maior número de notificações com 39 (39,3%) cada, e taxa de incidência de 5,0 por 1.000 habitantes. Em todo o período de estudo, a maioria dos casos confirmados foi verificada no gênero feminino (60 casos; 60,6%), na faixa etária dos 20 a 39 anos (46 casos; 46,5%), em indivíduos da raça parda (79 casos; 79,8%) e que haviam cursado da 5ª a 8ª série incompleta do Ensino Fundamental. Observou-se que a doença não apresentou expansão no município, mas que a vigilância e controle devem ser incrementados em prol do entendimento da situação municipal e manutenção do baixo número de casos.
BoltzTraP2
Authors: Madsen Georg
Published: March 2022

BoltzTraP2 is a software package for calculating a smoothed Fourier expression of periodic functions and the Onsager transport coefficients for extended systems using the linearized Boltzmann transport equation. It uses only the band and k-dependent quasi-particle energies, as well as the intra-band optical matrix elements and scattering rates, as input. The code can be used via a command-line interface and/or as a Python module. I will introduce the code and illustrate it through the discovery of a new thermoelectric material.
New existence results for nonlinear functional hybrid differential equations involving the $\psi-$Caputo fractional derivative
Authors: EL MFADEL Alı , MELLİANİ Said , ELOMARİ M'hamed
Published: March 2022

In this manuscript, we are concerned with the existence result of nonlinear hybrid differential equations involving $\psi-$Caputo fractional derivatives of an arbitrary order $\alpha\in(0,1)$. By applying Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem and some fractional analysis techniques, we prove our main result. As application, a nontrivial example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical result.
Empirical Study on the Informal Cross Border Trade Nexus between Bangladesh-India Land Borders: Bangladesh Perspective
Authors: Shafique Md Anwar , Islam Mohammad Shofiqul
Published: March 2022

Bangladesh and India are economically and politically significant neighbours in South Asia region. These two countries share one of the most porous borders in the world. Bangladesh inherited disputed border with India as a bequest of the partition in 1947. The problem of faulty demarcation of the border is being addressed since the independence of Bangladesh and with the elapse of time mentionable progress has been made to solve many border related issues. The Border between Bangladesh and India is widely known for its Informal Cross Border Trade activities along with its nexus. This border is a major source of irritant in their mutual ties where informal cross-border trade practices between these two countries continue to persist with serious implications on economic, political and security aspects. This Study attempts to identify and measure the effects of informal cross border trade and its nexus between Bangladesh and India from Bangladesh perspective. To accomplish this, focus group discussion, interviews and survey method have been applied for collecting data. The total sample size is 160. It was found that, informal cross border trade is putting the border management in a challenge. To address this situation, a number of measures have been already taken by both the countries unilaterally as well as unitedly, the outcome of which appears to be positive. Beside the elucidation of the concept of informal cross border trade and the issues that kindle its implementation, this study endeavors to suggest some measures for encumbering this illegal trade practice effectively. Some recommendations are also made in this paper which should be implemented to enhance performance of bona-fide cross border trade that will in turn contribute in further strengthening Border Management between Bangladesh and India.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ОКОННОГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ФУРЬЕ В ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯХ ГОЛОСОВОЙ БИОМЕТРИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ
Authors: Маргарян М.С. , Бадалян Б.Ф. , Гомцян О.А. , Мосоян Д.О.
Published: March 2022

В настоящее время биометрические системы идентификации являются
неотъемлемой частью нашей жизни. Сканеры отпечатков пальцев, встроенные в
смартфоны, технологии распознавания голоса или речи и прочие инструменты
постепенно приходят на замену традиционным методам идентификации и всё чаще
проникают в такие крупные сферы, как банковское обслуживание, визовые и
миграционные службы, медицина, системы безопасности и т.д. Биометрические
системы, по сравнению с традиционными методами, имеют ряд преимуществ։ они
приспособлены под идентификацию личности без возможности передачи секретного
ключа и во многом являются более удобными с точки зрения пользователя. Однако
чем активнее ведётся внедрение такого вида систем, тем более остро встаёт вопрос
обеспечения информационной безопасности.
По мере интенсивного развития технологий биометрической идентификации и
аутентификации в мире проявляется повышенный интерес к разработке
иннoвационных решений по голосовой биометрии. Голос — такая же неотъемлемая
черта каждого человека, как и его лицо или отпечатки пальцев. Широкое
распространение средств связи открывает большие возможности для применения
данного идентификатора. Кроме того, распознавание по голосу весьма удобно для
пользователей и требует от них минимум усилий. Системы аутентификации по
голосу при записи образца и в процессе последующей идентификации опираются на
такие уникальные для каждого человека особенности голоса, как высота, модуляция
и частота звука. Эти показатели определяются физическими характеристиками
голосового тракта и уникальны для каждого человека.
В данной работе приведена методика анализа голосового сигнала с
применением кратковременного Фурье-преобразования с разными оконными
функциями. Рассмотрены основные ограничения традиционных методов
преобразования Фурье для задач голосовой идентификации. В программном
пространстве LabVIEW 2020 смоделирован модуль распознавания голоса.
К РЕШЕНИЮ ОДНОПАРАМЕТРИЧЕСКОЙ ОБОБЩЕННОЙ МАТРИЧНОЙ ПАЛИНДРОМНОЙ ЗАДАЧИ ТИПА А(t)*X(t)=/\(t)*A^t(t)*X(t)
Authors: Симонян С.О.
Published: March 2022

По аналогии с численными задачами, рассматривается однопараметрическая
обобщенная матричная палиндромная задача типа

.
Решение задачи состоит из трех этапов вычислений. На первом этапе задача
редуцируется в эквивалентную обычную обобщенную спектральную задачу с
некоторой аппроксимирующей матрицей, для определения которой предлагаются
последовательная и параллельная численно-аналитические процедуры. На втором
этапе определяются собственные значения-функции этой аппроксимирующей
матрицы с применением известных явных или неявных вычислительных схем. На
третьем этапе для определения соответствующих собственных векторов-функций
также предлагаются последовательная и параллельная численно-аналитические
процедуры. На всех этапах вычислений основным математическим аппаратом служат
дифференциальные преобразования, позволяющие сравнительно легко реализовать
решение исходной непрерывной задачи средствами современных информационных
технологий.
Очевидно, что точность вычислительных процедур на каждом этапе расчетов
во многом зависит от точности определения аппроксимирующей матрицы.
Естественно также, что чем больше количество слагаемых в (23), тем выше точность
определения аппроксимирующей матрицы. Однако ясно также, что на практике
необходимо ограничиться некоторым разумным количеством таких слагаемых. К
тому же, если на первом этапе вычислений при определенном количестве слагаемых
в (23) точность расчетов окажется удовлетворительной, то на втором и третьем
этапах она может оказаться неудовлетворительной при таких же количествах
слагаемых в (24) и (37), ибо при переходах от одного этапа вычислений к
последующему ошибки будут накапливаться и затруднять обеспечение необходимой
точности расчетов. Точность вычислительных процедур можно повысить, если при
нахождении соответствующих непрерывных решений
и

вместо дифференциально-тейлоровских преобразований использовать
сравнительно сложные, однако более точные, например, дифференциальнопадeeвские преобразования.
A HIGH EFFICIENCY OPERATIONAL TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER DESIGN WITH CONTROLLABLE BANDWIDTH IN THE 14NM FINFET TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Petrosyan O.H. , Gevorgyan A.Kh. , Hakobyan L.D. , Avetisyan A.A.
Published: March 2022

Operational transconductance amplifiers are high gain amplifiers with wide bandwidth. The main advantage of those circuits is their capability to drive high resistive and
capacitive loads at their outputs. Due to such capability, such circuits consume high power.
While in some applications where the current consumption may vary in wide ranges the
self-current of those amplifiers may succeed the load current, thus decreasing the efficiency
coefficient of the designs.
To reduce the intrinsic current consumption without impacting the performance and
functionality, a novel method of an operational transconductance amplifier output stage
design is proposed in this paper. The programmable output stage, in which the output cascade can operate in two different modes using a digital control signal has been designed. As
a result, the parameters of the operational amplifier become more flexible to be tuned and
configured after production. The output impedance, amplifier transconductance, bandwidth
and other main parameters can be easily controlled based on the system state. If the load at
the output enters the power down mode, the impedance of the amplifiers decreases the current and vice versa. The solution has been tested in the modern 14nm FinFet technology
and the achieved results have ensured the capability of the proposed solution to be integrated with modern analog integrated circuits.
ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛИ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦИИ ТЕРАГЕРЦОВОГО ДИАПАЗОНА
Authors: Айвазян М.Ц.
Published: March 2022

При разработке радиолокационных станций со сканированием антенного луча приемопередающее устройство и сверхвысокочастотный тракт обычно неподвижны, а передача мощности полезного сигнала в антенну в обзорных радиолокационных станциях сантиметрового и миллиметрового диапазонов осуществляется с помощью волноводного вращающегося сочленения. В терагерцовом диапазоне широкое применение нашли волноводы увеличенных сечений – “сверхразмерные волноводы”. К настоящему времени разработано большое количество различных устройств на
основе волноводов стандартного сечения, использование которых в сверхразмерных
волноводах вряд ли возможно в связи с опасностью возбуждения волн высших типов.
Задача создания вращающегося сочленения для антенно–фидерных устройств на
основе сверхразмерного волновода проще всего решается при использовании
круглого волновода с волной H01, которая обладает круговой симметрией, малой
чувствительностью к зазорам, и здесь не требуется применение каких-либо
дополнительных устройств.
Поляризационные методы предполагают преобразование линейной
поляризованной волны в круговую, при этом поляризация сигнала на выходе
вращающегося волновода не зависит от угла его поворота. В случае сверхразмерного
волновода с несимметричными типами колебаний H10, H11, EH11 и LM11 требуется
применение специальных методов. При определенных условиях комбинация
частопериодической решетки с плоским металлическим зеркалом позволяет
осуществить преобразование видов поляризации электромагнитной волны. Такой
метод преобразования предполагает изменение направления распространения
рабочей волны. Представляет также интерес исследование преобразования линейно
поляризованной волны в круговую без изменения направления распространения
волны. Исследованию преобразования поляризации этих двух типов посвящена
настоящая статья. Рассмотрена также работа вращающихся сочленений на основе
сверхразмерного металлодиэлектрического волновода, в которых используются эти
способы преобразования поляризации.
НЕКОТОРЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В АРТИЛЛЕРИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЕЕ РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Хачатрян Г.Г.
Published: March 2022

Выполнен краткий анализ роли, отводимой ствольной артиллерии в
вооруженных силах (ВС) США (стран НАТО) и РФ. Описано применение ствольной
артиллерии в бесконтактных войнах 6-го поколения, а также высокоточного огня
артиллерии на примере карабахской войны 2020 года. Дано толкование
асимметричных действий в военных конфликтах. Обоснована необходимость
развития разведывательно-ударного комплекса (РУК), основой которого является
автоматизированная система управления (АСУ) силами и средствами огневого
поражения противника (ОПП). В качестве показателя эффективности огневых
средств артиллерии предложено использование математического ожидания числа
пораженных целей. Входящий в него показатель оперативности управления
снижается почти в два раза при отсутствии АСУ. Перечислены основные принципы
построения современных АСУ войсками, а также факторы, влияющие на успешное
выполнение огневых задач артиллерии.
Наряду с АСУ и системами связи рассмотрено функционирование сил и средств
разведки и целеуказания в едином информационном пространстве. Особое внимание
акцентировано на методах и проблемах обучения и тренировки личного состава, в
том числе при помощи компьютерных учебно-тренировочных средств (тренажеров),
являющихся также элементами АСУ. Показано, что компьютерное тренажерное обучение предоставляет ряд неоспоримых преимуществ перед общепринятой методикой
обучения с применением традиционной учебно-материальной базы.
Сделаны предложения по модернизации систем ствольной артиллерии в соответствии с современными требованиями по точности и эффективности огня. Уделено
внимание значимости стрельбы артиллерии прямой и полупрямой наводками, а
также вопросам подготовки специалистов по разным боевым специальностям:
наводчик, корректировщик, передовой авианаводчик