bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internationalization strategies in Portuguese Higher Education Institutions – time to move on and to move beyond
Authors: Coelho Margarida , Arau Ribeiro María Del Carmen
Published: January 2018

In recent decades, under the pressures of globalization and within the framework of the European Union education policies, Portuguese Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have undergone an intense process of internationalization, with rising figures in the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge and research as well as student and staff international mobility and real academic cooperation amongst HEIs. Despite these indicators, other issues such as the internationalization of curricula content, student development of intercultural skills, and institutional foreign language learning policies, require attention in the debate on internationalization in Higher Education (HE) and open the challenge to the broad strategic area of “Internationalization at Home” (de Wit et al. 2015b).

In this paper, which is a part of ongoing research on the introduction of the Content and Language Integrated Learning approach in Portuguese HEIs, we present an overview of the national internationalization policies in Portuguese HE over the past decade and focus on just how these policies have been transferred and transformed institutionally. We start by reviewing the different definitions of internationalization in HE, both abroad and at home, and then focus on national policies, specifically a recent Resolution of the Portuguese Council of Ministers (78/2016). Finally, we conclude arguing for the need to not only move on with these efforts but also to move beyond to broaden the scope of action of internationalization strategies in Portuguese HEIs.
Firm Performance: Does Mastering a Foreign Language Matter?
Authors: Hernández Linares Remedios , Naranjo María José , Sánchez Santamaría Héctor , Rico García Mercedes , Fielden Burns Laura , Agudo Garzón J. Enrique
Published: January 2018

Over the last twenty years the impact of language in international and multinational companies has attracted significant scholarly attention, which is reflected in the growing literature. However, and despite the fact that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) constitute the engine of numerous economies worldwide, the impact of foreign languages on SMEs’ performance remains understudied. This is especially intricate because, considering that SMEs often have fewer resources, the commitment of such resources to language acquisition and foreign language education can only be justified in the case of improved performance. To address this gap, the objective of our research aims to get insights whether and how the domain of a foreign language (mainly English) affects SMEs’ performance. For this purpose, we perform an exploratory empirical study based on data collected through a telephone questionnaire during the first semester of 2017. A group of private Spanish SMEs constitutes our sample. Our work presents the results of the statistical analysis of these primary data, and contributes to a more nuanced perspective on language utility for organizational performance.
E-ACSL, a Runtime Verification Tool for Safety and Security of C Programs (tool paper)
Authors: Signoles Julien , Kosmatov Nikolai , Vorobyov Kostyantyn
Published: January 2018

This tool paper presents E-ACSL, a runtime verification tool for C programs capable of checking a broad range of safety and security properties expressed using a formal specification language. E-ACSL consumes a C program annotated with formal specifications and generates a new C program that behaves similarly to the original if the formal properties are satisfied, or aborts its execution whenever a property does not hold. This paper presents an overview of E-ACSL and its specification language.
Micro-Irrigation: An Efficient Technology for India’s Sustainable Agricultural Growth
Authors: Priyan Khadeeja , Panchal Ratansharan
Published: January 2018

India being an agrarian country, the present and future challenges of agricultural demand due to population increase can be met by technological innovations for sustainable agriculture. Indian agriculture beset with water scarcity and becomes less remunerative and uncertain. Since water being a precious resource for agriculture, every drop of water available for irrigation is significant for overall farm efficiency. Hence there is prudent and paramount need for efficient use of the available water and micro- irrigation is one such innovative technology. Economic return is very important for the adoption of any new technology. Economic return with more engineering approaches to keep water productivity more relevant in economic considerations [1]. Raising the physical productivity of water in crops without due considerations to economics will not have much relevance to small farmers in developing countries [2]. This paper assesses the current status and technologies of micro-irrigation and evaluating the future prospects of micro-irrigation adoption in India. The rationale of the paper is to appraise micro-irrigation as an innovative technology for sustainable agriculture in India and its significant impact on water productivity and land productivity.
Translating False and Fickle Anglicisms in Modern Spanish
Authors: Walsh Andrew
Published: January 2018

Modern Spanish is increasingly peppered with Anglicisms in all lexical fields, both professional and informal, and this tendency shows no signs of waning. On the contrary, all forms and registers of Spanish seem to be infused with numerous Anglicisms and not only such predictable spheres of influence such as business and technology. Many of these terms are loanwords which have occupied a genuine lexical gap in Spanish, are used appropriately and provide a genuinely useful service to speakers of the language. Nevertheless, there is also a great deal of misuse of these Anglicisms, both in terms of their meaning and their grammatical function and this inevitably leads to an undeniable source of potential confusion that needs to be addressed both by language teachers and translators in terms of the transmission and the transfer of these items of vocabulary between English and Spanish.
Categories and Genres in CHET and CECHeT
Authors: Moskowich Isabel , Crespo Begoña
Published: January 2018

This paper describes one of the concerns of corpus compilers when gathering samples of texts. In particular, it explores how to classify such samples in wider categories in the case of the Corpus of English Chemistry Texts (CECheT), one of the subcorpus of the Coruña Corpus of English Scientific Writing. To this end, authors have revised the literature to find (and try to solve) the terminological mess that includes laves such as genre, text-type and textual category. These laves have been widely related either to the form or the function of the text. In this paper the idea of “communicative format” is used to bring together form and function as they are seen as intermingled in texts at all levels.
The Role of Visual Metaphor in Visual Genres
Authors: Negro Isabel
Published: January 2018

In the last decades metaphor has been a paramount research topic within the Cognitive Metaphor Theory. Although initially linguistic metaphor received most attention, in recent years the research focus has shifted from verbal metaphor to other types of monomodal and multimodal metaphor (Forceville 2009). One research line has been the study of visual metaphor, i.e. metaphor instantiated through image, in specialised language, including political cartooning (e.g. El Refaie 2003), winespeak (e.g. Caballero 2009) and advertising (Forceville 2008). In the present article I examine the evaluative role of visual metaphor in two visual genres – advertising and political cartooning – through a corpus of English, French and Spanish ads and cartoons. It will be argued that while in advertising metaphor enhances the product qualities or presents it as a necessity, thus working as a persuasive tool, in cartooning metaphor shows the author’s critical stance towards a news event.
Set of Support for Theory Reasoning
Authors: Reger Giles , Suda Martin
Published: January 2018

This paper describes initial experiments using the set of support strategy to improve how a saturation-based theorem prover performs theory reasoning with explicit theory axioms. When dealing with theories such as arithmetic, modern automated theorem provers often resort to adding explicit theory axioms, for example, x+y = y+x. Reasoning with such axioms can be explosive. However, little has been done to explore methods that mitigate the negative impact of theory axioms on saturation-based reasoning. The set of support strategy requires that all inferences involve a premise with an ancestor in a so-called set of support,

initially taken to be a subset of the input clauses, usually those corresponding to the goal. This leads to completely goal orientated reasoning but is incomplete for practical reasoning (e.g. in the presence of ordering constraints). The idea of this paper is to apply the set of support strategy to theory axioms only, and then to explore the effect of allowing some limited reasoning within this set. The suggested approach is implemented and evaluated within the VAMPIRE theorem prover.
Applications of Harmony Search Algorithm
Authors: Chauhan Gunjan , Patel Vishal , Arekar Vishal
Published: January 2018

Harmony search Algorithm (HSA) is mostly preferred for solving optimization

problems and gives optimum solution of the problems. . It is based on improvisation of harmony in music process where musicians improvise their instruments’ pitch by searching for a aesthetically pleasant harmony. As the musicians in improvisation process try to find the best harmony in terms of aesthetics, the decision variables in optimization process try to be the best solution in terms of objective function. In the present work, the harmony search method is studied with an attempt to use it to solve various structural optimization problems. Harmony search can be more effective than some of the optimization available right now like genetic algorithms, particle swarm algorithm, ant colony algorithm, gravity search algorithm etc. The programming language used in this work is Visual Basic-macro excel. The programs for harmony search algorithm is developed in macro and their reliability is checked by verifying it with various mathematical optimization problems.
The growth of EMI tertiary programs in Spain: novel approaches to developing linguistic competence in instructors
Authors: Fielden Laura , Rico García Mercedes , Hernández Linares Remedios
Published: January 2018

As Dearden notes (2015), teaching tertiary programs in English is a growing phenomenon, and the number of universities incorporating these into their program offerings have risen substantially in the last decade. This may be due to the rise of the importance of internationalization (Morell, Alesón, Bell, Escabias, Palazón & Martínez, 2014). Bologna is also often credited for this change (Kirkpatrick, 2016). However, as the case in Italian public universities show, converting whole programs to English as a matter of course may meet with resistance from faculty and students, and perhaps for good reasons. This paper explores the rise in EMI tertiary programs in Spain and from a European context, and presents approaches to develop linguistic competence in instructors. It seeks to understand how this up and coming trend may affect teaching English at this level. How will EMI instructors become more focused on teaching language as well as their content area?
Culture Learning in B1 and B2 EFL Textbooks
Authors: Larrea-Espinar Angela María , Raigón-Rodríguez Antonio R.
Published: January 2018

The interrelationship between language and culture has a direct bearing on language teaching. Our study focuses on the cultural analysis of textbooks. We have analysed 6 B1 and B2- level textbooks for teaching English to adults in Spain. To this aim, we have used a model of cultural learning analysis based on the earlier work of Paige and Lee. This functional framework gathers every category and aspect of culture needed to develop each of the competencies that are required to accomplish comprehensive culture learning.

Findings show that the invisible aspect of culture (small “c” target-culture learning), which is crucial to understanding the values and ways of thinking of a society, receives less coverage in textbooks. Regarding the comparison between B1 and B2 levels, the data indicate that the number of big “C” Culture occurrences is similar for both levels, although there are differences in other cultural aspects. Thus, despite some promising changes in the way of addressing culture learning in EFL textbooks, we are still far from developing intercultural speakers.
Language and culture for migrants through ICT and media educational pills
Authors: Naranjo Maria Jose , Rico Mercedes , Ferreira Da Silva Paula
Published: January 2018

Spain, like many other countries, has faced high migration influx in the last decades and consequently has favoured the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language, a relatively new subject in our country. As a result of the growing number of immigrants, regional, national and European educational boards have invested in measures concerning intercultural awareness, social inclusion and language acquisition. Though the variety of textbooks for this purpose is scarce or null, being tailor-made when necessary, the material provided by the Internet and other media is valued for immediate, cost-effective and wide-ranging access to authentic materials, irrespective of the level of location of language learners and teacher (Bryram, ed., 2004, p. 311). These are regarded as a powerful set of teaching resources to promote effective communication, language and culture acquisition (Tanrıverdi, 2008). In this light, our work presents an innovative research-based proposal to support migrant integration through the development of communicative competences beyond the mere acquisition of instructional/survival language. The proposal, based on the LiMe Project (http://www.languages-in-media.eu/), provides a broad array of educational pills and methodological tips to help migrant population decode language and culture as portrayed in various types of media and to fit learners, who might find managing the new technologies a daunting task, into the language, culture and the host country.
The proximal narratives of online risk communication: fatal aircraft-accident synopses by the U.S. Transportation Agency Safety Board
Authors: Sancho Guinda Carmen
Published: January 2018

I explore the narrative strategies adopted by a specific type of institutional discourse grounded in the authority of expertise: risk communication, aimed at influencing our conceptions of hazard and danger to ultimately prevent unsafe behaviours. My focus is the unique discourse of the fatal aviation accident synopses issued yearly online by the National Transportation Safety Board of the United States of America (NTSB for short). Through a blended framework that merges Narratology, Critical Discourse Analysis and the Positioning and Proximisation Theories, I examine how the NTSB didactically brings risks and dangers close to its broad mixed virtual audience while undertaking fluid roles for branding purposes and disseminating the ideological principles of American democracy. In doing so, I especially attend to issues of narrative focalisation (i.e. recounting perspective) and speech representation.
Combined effect of deformation and slip velocity on the performance of a Ferrofluid squeeze film in infinitely long porous rough rectangular plates
Authors: Shimpi Mukesh , Deheri Gunumani M
Published: January 2018

This investigation aims to study the performance characteristic of a Ferrofluid based squeeze film in infinitely long porous transversely rough rectangular plates considering the effect of deformation and slip velocity. The magnetic fluid flow model of Neuringer and Rosenweig has been used. Beavers – Joseph slip model has been adopted and the stochastic method of Christensen and Tonder has been deployed for roughness. The associated stochastically averaged Reynolds’ type equation is solved. The results prove that the Ferrofluid lubrication offers a limited help in reducing the adverse effect of slip velocity, deformation and porosity, even in the case of negatively skewed roughness. However, the situation improves when variance (- ve) occurs and lower to moderate values of deformation is involved. Aside, this study shows that the slip coefficient has to be at the reduced level an improvement of the bearing performance.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Warm Mix Asphalt
Authors: Mahida Supriya , Mishra Chandravadan B.
Published: January 2018

This paper concentrates on the research center examination of the attributes and performance of warm mix asphalt containing compound added substance. Viscosity grade 30 bitumen was utilized for this study and the WMA added substances utilized as a part of this review were Evotherm and Sasobit. Consistency tests demonstrated the utilized warm mix additives are within permissible limit. Information got from indirect tensile test, tensile strength ratio test, static and dynamic creep test demonstrated that the blends containing warm mix asphalt added substances performed better in contrast with hot mix asphalt. Warm mix asphalt samples indicated lesser aggregate lasting strain gathering in contrast with HMA specimens, Sasobit altered warm blend black-top specimens demonstrated the minimum deformation.
A Study on the Developing Concepts of Underwater Construction
Authors: Patel Zaran , Pitroda Jayeshkumar
Published: January 2018

Population in India is increasing rapidly and reached approximately 127 crores with average growth of 1.6% every year. Traffic Congestion is one of the major problems that India is facing and it has a massive impact on the quality of air, time of travelling, trade and cost. It has been noted that the government are trying their best in order to come up to this problem by creating structures such as Tunnels, Subways, Flyovers and Bridges. But unfortunately it fails as does not match up with the increase of population and due to less amount of land available for the construction. In this report there is a study on the construction of the buildings and structures with a new technology of constructing under the water. It has been noted that the underwater buildings exist since year 1960 but no one was aware of it. The underwater construction of the buildings can be advantageous to the people and the environment if proper techniques are used and if people get success in achieving such structures. If such technology is adapted everything can be built underwater such as buildings, houses, shopping complex, museums, entertainment hub, restaurants, hotels, sports stadiums etc. This can lead to a progressive and a luxurious life to the people and they can even enjoy their holidays at such places. Encouragement of underwater building is provided by the glamorous view beneath the water of fishes, sea beds, different creatures and coral reefs. This paper discuss about the materials which should be used for the construction of underwater buildings, ways of building and special requirements, the possibility of such constructions, advantages and disadvantages of underwater buildings, the impact of such buildings on environment, effect on the social life and transportation.
Clitic Doubling in Majorcan Spanish and Catalan
Authors: Jiménez Amelia , Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro , Pires Acrisio
Published: January 2018

In this study, we focus on clitic doubling with a human or animate referent. We attempt to determine whether or not bilingual Catalan-Spanish speakers (from Mallorca, Spain) employ the corresponding preposition (so-called personal a) in this type of clitic doubling structure in Spanish and in Catalan. In addition, we consider the use of third-person [± human] pronominal, non-reflexive clitics, both for direct and indirect object.

We present results from a study of forty bilingual speakers from Mallorca. The data we analyzed came from spontaneous oral production data from all the participants in the study. Each participant was recorded twice, once in Spanish and once in the Majorcan Catalan variety. Each recording consisted of interviews with the researcher involving a variety of topics and lasted approximately 10 to 15 minutes.

The preliminary results indicate that in Majorcan Spanish there are no substantial differences compared to Peninsular Spanish regarding the use of third person, non-reflexive clitics. Regarding the Majorcan Catalan uses, the results are also not so different in comparison to Peninsular Catalan, but we see a substantial increase in the rate of distinct uses of the neutral clitic ho. However, when third-person clitics are used in a clitic doubling structure in Spanish there is a difference between L1 speakers of Catalan and L1 speakers of Spanish. This is because the former tend to omit the preposition in the corresponding DP.
IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TGT SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP FISIKA DASAR MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN IPA
Authors: Wijayanti Astuti
Published: January 2018

Abstrak. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dilaksanakan di Prodi Pendidikan IPA UST untuk mengetahui peningkatan pemahaman ÃÂ konsep Fisika Dasar dan partisipasi mahasiswa Pendidikan IPA dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran TGT. Untuk mengamati proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran TGT digunakan lembar observasi mahasiswa dan dosen. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar observasi aktivitas dosen dan mahasiswa dalam kegiatan belajar tim dan lembar tes (postest). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran Fisika Dasar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dan partisipasi mahasiswa pendidikan IPA.ÃÂ Kata Kunci: pemahaman konsep, partisipasi mahasiswa, model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGTÃÂ Abstract. Classroom Action Research held in Science Education UST to find an improved understanding of the concept of Basic Physics and Science Education student participation using TGT learning model. To observe the process of learning using TGT learning model used observation sheet of students and lecturers . Instruments used include observation sheet activities of faculty and students in learning activities team and a test sheet (posttest). The results showed that the learning Physics using cooperative learning model TGT can improve understanding of the concept and science education student participation.ÃÂ Keywords : conceptual understanding, student participation, cooperative learning model TGT
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI FOTOKATALIS TiO2 MONTMORILONIT TERPILAR ALUMINA
Authors: Sumarlan Iwan , Fatimah Is , Wijaya Karna
Published: January 2018

Abstrak. Dispersi TiO2 ke dalam montmorilonit terpilar alumina (PILM) telah sukses dilakukan. Fotokatalis dibuat dengan menginterkalasikan Al13 ke dalam montmorilonit alam kemudian dikalsinasi pada temperatur 500oC. Dispersi TiO2 ke dalam montmorilonit terpilar aluminium (PILM) dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode impregnasi dengan konsentrasi teoritis 0,4; 0,8; 1 dan 3%. Hasil yang diperoleh kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan XRD, porosimetry, SEM dan Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotmetry UV-Visible (DRUV). Hasil karakterisasi fotokatalis Ti/PILM menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan luas permukaan spesifik, volume total pori dan basal spacing setelah dispersi TiO2 pada PILM. Gambar citra SEM menunjukkan bahwa TiO2 masuk ke dalam pori dan juga terdapat pada permukaan fotokatalis. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan DR UV menunjukkan bahwa band gap fotokatalis Ti/PILM 0,8; 1 dan 3% ialah 3,66; 3,19 dan 3,19 eV.ÃÂ Kata Kunci : Karakterisasi, Montmorilonit, pilarisasi, fotokatalis, TiO2ÃÂ Abstract. Dispersion of TiO2 on montmorillonite pillared aluminium has been done successfully. The photocatalyst were prepared by intercalation of Al13 onto natural montmorillonite and then calcined at 500oC. Titania dispersion onto aluminium pillared montmorillonite was carried out by impregnation method at the theoritic concentration of 0.4, 0.8, 1 and 3% titania. The photocatalyst then characterized by XRD, porosimetry, SEM and Diffuse Reflectance Visible methods. Results of characterization showed that the basal spacing and specific surface area as well as total pore volume were decreased after dispersion of TiO2 on PILM,ÃÂ  meanwhile SEM image exhibited that beside in the pores of PILM, the TiO2 was also dispersed on the surface of PILM. DR UV characterization result indicated that the band gap of TiO2 dispersed PILM for Ti/PILM 0,8%, Ti/PILM 1% and Ti/PILM 3% was 3.66, 3.19 and 3.19 eV respectivelyÃÂ Key word : montmorillonite, pillarization, photocatalyst, TiO2
ANALISIS TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA KELAS XI IPA SMAN 3 MATARAM MENGGUNAKAN ONE TIER DAN TWO TIER TEST MATERI KELARUTAN DAN HASIL KALI KELARUTAN
Authors: Nabilah Nabilah , Andayani Yayuk , Laksmiwati Dwi
Published: January 2018

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat pemahaman konsep siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 3 Mataram menggunakan one tier dan two tier test materi kelarutan dan hasil kali kelarutan. Soal one tier diujikan kepada siswa kelas XI IPA 4 dan soal two tier untuk siswa kelas XI IPA 5. Data pemahaman konsep siswa dianalisis menggunakan persentase. Hasil pemahaman konsep menggunakan One Tier Test (57,4%) lebih besar daripada menggunakan Two Tier Test (21,03%). One Tier Test hanya menunjukkan pemahaman konsep siswa, sedangkan Two Tier Test dapat membagi pemahaman konsep siswa menjadi beberapa tingkatan pemahaman melalui analisis pola jawaban siswa pada tingkat pertama dan kedua. Analisis menggunakan Two Tier Test menghasilkan tingkat pemahaman diantaranya memahami (20.77%), miskonsepsi-1 (22.05%), miskonssepsi-2 (18.08%), memahami sebagian tanpa miskonsepsi (0.13%), tidak memahami konsep-1 (36.67%), tidak memahami konsep-2 (0.38%), dan tidak memahami konsep-3 (1.67%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa two tier test lebih efektif untuk menentukan tingkat pemahaman konsep siswa daripada menggunakan one tier test.Kata Kunci: Tingkat Pemahaman Konsep, One Tier Test, Two Tier Test, Kelarutan dan Hasil Kali KelarutanÃÂ Abstract: The objective of this research was to analyzed conceptual understanding level of XI science grade students of SMAN 3 Mataram by used one-tier and two-tier test in solubility and solubility product subject. One-tier test are examined to XI IPA 4 grade students and two-tier test to XI IPA 5 grade students. The results of conceptual understanding using one-tier test (57,4%) are higher than using two-tier test (21,03%). One-tier test only showed the studentsÃ¢â¬â¢s conceptual understanding, whereas two-tier test could divided studentÃ¢â¬â¢s conceptual understanding into some understanding level trough analysis the pattern ofÃÂ  studentÃ¢â¬â¢s answer in first tier and second tier. The analysis using two-tier test indicated some understanding level such as understand (20.77%), misconception-1 (22.05%), misconception-2 (18.08%), partial understanding witout misconception (0.13%), not understanding-1 (36.67%), not understanding-2 (0.38%), and not understanding-3 (1.67%). The results of this research showed that two-tier test was more effective on determining the studentÃ¢â¬â¢s conceptual understanding level than one-tier test.Key Words: Conceptual understanding level, one-tier test, two-tier test, solubility and solubility products
Why Humanity in Medical Education
Authors: Rimal Hem Sagar
Published: January 2018

Not Available.Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.3/Issue 4/Sep- Dec 2017, Page: 236-237
Functional Evaluation of Fracture Shaft of Femur Treated by Antegrade Closed Interlocking Nail at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan
Authors: Gupta Pradeep Kumar , Basnet Ramesh , Shrestha Niraj Man
Published: January 2018

Introduction: The management of fractures of the femoral diaphysis has changed considerably in the last 30 years. Since the advent and popularization of intramedullary nailing the treatment of fracture shaft of femur has become a good, safe and reproducible procedure for the successful management of fracture shaft of femur.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the various postoperative outcomes of the interlocking nail of fracture shaft of femur.Methodology: This study was prospective cohort study conducted at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan from March 2002 to Feb 2004. Seventy five consecutive patients, having fractures shaft of femur were treated by anterograde closed interlocking nail. Data analysis was done by using EpiInfo 2000 software.Results: The most common cause of fractures shaft of femur was road traffic accident (69.3%). The average union time was 14.9 ± 1.3 weeks. There was wound infection in four cases superficial infection in open grade II but no deep infection. There was two cases of pudendal nerve palsy which recovered within 4 months. There were 5 cases of broken interlocking distal screw and 4 cases had more than 1.5 cm shortening of femurConclusions: The antegrade reamed femoral nailing provides excellent results in management of fractures shaft of femur.Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.3/Issue 4/Sep- Dec 2017, Page: 244-247
Comparison of Anesthetic Properties of Ketofol (Ketamine with Propofol) and Propofol in Minor Surgical Procedures
Authors: Karki Shambhu Bahadur , Rajbanshi Lalit Kumar , Arjyal Bastalya , Khanal Kanak
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Outpatient anesthesia for the minor day care surgical procedures requires a safe anesthesia and anesthetic agents. For this purpose two study solutions propofol with ketamine (ketofol) and propofol were compared. The comparison of the both agents were assessed, evaluated and discussed in this study. Methodology: This is prospective study of 100 adult patients of both sex aged between 18-60 years with ASA physical status class I and II who were operated in the Birat Medical College teaching hospital. This study was started after approval from the ethical committee of the hospital and after written and informed consent from all participants. All patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (n=50) received ketamine with propofol and Group B (n=50) propofol after intravenous sedation with 2 mg of midazolam and 1 mg of butorphanol. The main aim of this study was comparison of onset of sedation, respiratory and cardiac adverse events, level of sedation using Ramsey sedation scale, requirement of sedatives, recovery time, average cost of the sedatives and postoperative complications between the two groups. All collected data are analyzed using MS Excel office 2007 and for the data analysis IBM SPSS software was used.Results: In the both groups patients were comfortable with the either anesthetic agents. Onset of anesthesia was faster in Group A. Intraoperative sedation was measured using Ramsay sedation scale and was comparable. Recovery from sedation was assessed with AVPU scale and patient was shifted to postoperative room after the verbal response. Postoperative complications seen were nausea vomiting, severe pain, ketamine induced psychotomimetic effects and all of these were treated well and discharged on the same day from the hospital.Conclusion: The combination of ketamine and propofol for the sedation in minor surgical procedures has more advantages than the propofol alone. The combination is cost effective, has better sedation and hemodynamic stability, quick recovery and fewer side effects in the post operative room. Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.3/Issue 4/Sep- Dec 2017, Page: 287- 291
Annual Report
Authors: Lamp John W
Published: January 2018

Annual report for 2017
Declining complication rates with flow diversion of anterior circulation aneurysms after introduction of the Pipeline Flex: analysis of a single-institution series of 568 cases
Authors: Colby Geoffrey P. , Bender Matthew T. , Lin Li-Mei , Beaty Narlin , Caplan Justin M. , Jiang Bowen , Westbroek Erick M. , Varjavand Bijan , Campos Jessica K. , Huang Judy , Tamargo Rafael J. , Coon Alexander L.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE

The second-generation Pipeline embolization device (PED), Flex, has several design upgrades, including improved opening and the ability to be resheathed, in comparison with the original device (PED classic). The authors hypothesized that Flex is associated with a lower rate of major complications.

METHODS

A prospective, IRB-approved, single-institution database was analyzed for all patients with anterior circulation aneurysms treated by flow diversion. The PED classic was used from August 2011 to January 2015, and the Pipeline Flex has been used since February 2015.

RESULTS

A total of 568 PED procedures (252 classic and 316 Flex) were performed for anterior circulation aneurysms. The average aneurysm size was 6.8 mm. Patients undergoing treatment with the Flex device had smaller aneurysms (p = 0.006) and were more likely to have undergone previous treatments (p = 0.001). Most aneurysms originated along the internal carotid artery (89% classic and 75% Flex) but there were more anterior cerebral artery (18%) and middle cerebral artery (7%) deployments with Flex (p = 0.001). Procedural success was achieved in 96% of classic and 98% of Flex cases (p = 0.078). Major morbidity or death occurred in 3.5% of cases overall: 5.6% of classic cases, and 1.9% of Flex cases (p = 0.019). On multivariate logistic regression, predictors of major complications were in situ thrombosis (OR 4.3, p = 0.006), classic as opposed to Flex device (OR 3.7, p = 0.008), and device deployment in the anterior cerebral artery or middle cerebral artery as opposed to the internal carotid artery (OR 3.5, p = 0.034).

CONCLUSIONS

Flow diversion of anterior circulation cerebral aneurysms is associated with an overall low rate of major complications. The complication rate is significantly lower since the introduction of the second-generation PED (Flex).
Prins Albert op verkenning in Noord-Amerika (1898). Het merkwaardige reisdagboek van een toekomstig Belgisch staatshoofd
Authors: Luyckx Joost
Published: January 2018

In het voorjaar van 1898 bezocht prins Albert -de toekomstige koning Albert I -de Verenigde Staten van Amerika, het noorden van Mexico en het zuidoosten van Canada. Het ging hier om een grote studiereis die kaderde in zijn voorbereiding op het koningschap. De prins werd op 11 maart 1898 ontvangen door de Amerikaanse president William McKinley en trok nadien incognito door Noord-Amerika, waar hij te gast was in tal van grote ondernemingen, universiteiten en liefdadigheidsinstellingen. Tijdens zijn reis schreef Albert zijn ervaringen neer in een dagboek. Deze bijdrage bevat een kritische editie van zijn reisverslag en probeert de bredere context waarin het bezoek aan de Verenigde Staten, Mexico en Canada plaatsvond te verduidelijken. Op die manier hopen we de bestaande historiografie over de vormingsjaren en de persoonlijkheid van de prins te vervolledigen. Daarnaast toont het reisdagboek hoe Noord-Amerika op het einde van de negentiende eeuw werd gepercipieerd door een vooraanstaande aristocraat uit West-Europa.
Ad utilitatem et conservationem ipsius status et decorem. De statuten van het Gentse Sint-Veerlekapittel (1225-1788)
Authors: Somers Annelies
Published: January 2018

In deze bijdrage worden de statuten van het Gentse Sint-Veerlekapittel onder de loep genomen. Ondanks de eerder geringe rol die de instelling speelde in het Vlaamse kapittellandschap, bleef een zeer interessant dossier met betrekking tot de interne regelgeving ervan bewaard. Vijf opeenvolgende statutenversies, van 1225 tot 1788, bieden immers een unieke inkijk in de organisatie en werking van de instelling, vanaf de middeleeuwen tot het einde van het ancien régime. Ze vormen enerzijds het spiegelbeeld van de evoluties en aanpassingen die het kapittel onderging, in een poging zich aan steeds wijzigende contexten aan te passen en crisissen het hoofd te bieden. Anderzijds is elk van de bewaarde redacties sterk verankerd in de aloude traditie van de Institutio canonicorum, de regel van Aken uit de negende eeuw die het kapittelwezen definieerde en eeuwen later nog steeds bepalend was voor het uitzicht ervan. De statuten van Sint-Veerle in Gent geven daarmee duidelijk blijk van een grote bekommernis om de traditie en de uitstraling van het kapittel te vrijwaren, en de maatregelen die – vaak door omstandigheden opgelegd – dit doel moesten helpen realiseren.
L’attitude ambivalente des évêques de Liège à l’égard des prêteurs lombards aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles : autour d’un acte notarié de 1303
Authors: Bonnivert Antoine
Published: January 2018

Tijdens de afgelopen dertig jaar hebben tal van historici de vestiging en van de activiteiten van de Lombardische geldschieters ten noorden van de Alpen bestudeerd. Toch werden hun relaties met het bisdom Luik nooit grondig onderzocht. In dit zeer rijke en prestigieuze bisdom hebben de prinsbisschoppen en die beroepsfinanciers nochtans altijd intense – al dan niet vruchtbare – relaties onderhouden. Daarom analyseren we de houding van de opeenvolgende prinsbisschoppen ten opzichte van de woekerpraktijk. We zullen vooral focussen op bisschop Adolf van Waldeck, opdrachtgever van een spectaculaire uitwijzing waarvan de Lombarden in 1302 het slachtoffer waren ; we onderzoeken meer bepaald de motieven van dit initiatief. Dit artikel over de plaats van de Lombardische geldleners in Luik begint met een akte van 7 november 1303. Daarin verleenden twee broers van de familie Abellonei, die afkomstig waren uit Asti en in Luik verbleven, volmacht aan hun broers die in Italië gebleven waren, om een reeks financiële operaties te verrichten. De studie van deze akte verduidelijkt de positie van de Lombardische kooplieden in Luik op het einde van de dertiende en in het begin van de veertiende eeuw.
Quelques réflexions sur l'origine des bourrelets montagneux des marges passives
Authors: Birot Pierre
Published: January 2018

In spite of the scarcity of geophysical data, we tried to design some models, accounting for the existence of continental bulges along the oceanic passive margins. They are usually isostasically compensated, either beneath the lithosphere by hot asthenospheric currents — either in the lower crust, which is difficult to reconcile with the spreading motions in extension.

In both cases, one must explain the fact that the uplift is periodically interrupted to allow the development of planation surfaces.
Les relations entre la ville et l'industrie : formes anciennes et formes nouvelles
Authors: Bruyelle Pierre , Dezert Bernard
Published: January 2018

The recent évolution of the relations between towns and industries is often characterized by :

-the trend to the desindustrialization of the anciently industrialized towns and areas through the partial or total disappearance of old industries which leads to the decline of employment, of population, and demands somme efforts of conversions ;

-the transferring of industries, wholesale... that were before inside the towns, out of the towns into the suburbs or into the outer industrial areas ;

-the frequent settlement out of the towns of new industries, that even avoid the anciently industrialized towns or regions (except the industries for conversion) ;

-a spatial dissociation between industries and towns, which implies new spatial, functional, demographic... relations.

Industries are not generally the major impulse of urban growth any more ; the evolution of the structure of the enterprise into national or multinational firms tends to privilege a few urban poles of superior level, at the expense of middle sized or little towns.

In this evolution, the town has little power over the decision and the settlement of enterprise, and finances the potentialities of reception.

The urban organization that is inherited from the First Industrial Revolution is consequently taken up anew. But, how efficient can be a policy of re industrialization of ancient industrial towns, inside a more global policy of urban or regional planning ?
Analyse texturale du paysage par interprétation visuelle d'images Landsat (MSS 7) et de photographies aériennes
Authors: Antrop Marc
Published: January 2018

Visual interpretation of remote sensing remains an efficient and easy method in particular useful in the preliminary and final phases of the information extraction process. Tonality and texture are the most important indicators. Texture is an indicator which is mainly qualitative and complex. Nevertheless , it can be described and analysed a set of quantitative parameters. The caracteristics of texture are briefly discussed. Texture is composed of primitive shapes , the texels , which show a typiral spatial arrangement. For small scale imagery, texture contains structural information of the landscape. An analysis of a Landsat scene (MSS7) of the region of northern Flanders , shows that this kind of information is restricted and distorted. Consequently , the interpretation of landscape characteristics remains difficult and needs the support of ground truth, which can be given by traditional aerial photographs.
Aspects nouveaux dans l'aménagement des sites de production par la conversion
Authors: Cunat Fédérico
Published: January 2018

La politique des sites d'accueil d'activités par le F.I.B.M.

Les «sites d'accueil d'activités» sont l'un des cinq domaines d'intervention du F.I.B.M. (Fonds d'Industrialisation du Bassin Minier) créé en 1984.

Sont présentés des résultats d'une enquête portant sur trois années de programmes (84-85-86) et qui concernent :

L'immobilier d'entreprise pour lequel prédominent les formes traditionnelles de sa production, avec en marge quelques éléments d'innovation (diversification, technologie, architecture...). La localisation qui se partage entre des pratiques de séparation activités/résidence et le souci d'intégration dans l'urbanisme existant. La concertation entre entreprises et aménageurs.

Le dynamisme économique, avec une forte proportion de créations dans les emplois implantés. Tandis que les établissements transférés sont aussi importants que ceux créés sur place. Les activités en continuité avec le tissu existant vise plutôt une réponse quantitative à la situation locale de l'emploi.

Le F.I.B.M. favorise une pratique décentralisée portée par des «projets».
Transport aérien français et Marché Commun
Authors: Dacharry Monique
Published: January 2018

French Air Transport and the European Community.

January 1, 1993 is the date when air transport will be liberalized in the twelve European Community countries and that is likely to initiate considerable changes in Europe civil aviation. As the appointed day draws nearer French policy regarding air transport, the regulations applying to it and its predominantly nationalized structures must be totally reversed. Therefore, it is not surprising that even the step-by-step transition process stired up bitter clashes between the French Government and its state-owned company on the one part and the Commission and Court of the European Communauty on the other part.
Aménagement du territoire en Régions wallonne et flamande
Authors: Decrop Jehan , Orban-ferauge Françoise , Saey Pieter
Published: January 2018

In Belgium, town and country development is set under the exclusive competence of the Regions. This paper shows the characteristics and perspectives of Land Planning in the Walloon and Flemish Regions. A brief historical survey of town and country planning in both regions is followed by an outline of the most important instruments to pursue a spatial policy. A third part presents the main features of the respective plans and schemes of orientation as framework of the territorial policy for the medium range.
Transport routier et mobilité durable : un état de la question pour la Belgique
Authors: Thomas Isabelle , Verhetsel Ann
Published: January 2018

The aim of this paper is to briefly show the importance of the spatial organisation and of the temporal evolution of road transport in Belgium (freight, passengers). Attention is particularly put on the negative externalities produced by this transportation mode type (pollution, road damages, road accidents).
Les usines à traiter l'information. Un nouvel enjeu pour le développement des territoires
Authors: Battiau Michel
Published: January 2018

Les "usines à traiter l'information" sont des établissements spécialisés fonctionnant sans avoir besoin de constants "face à face" avec leurs clients ou fournisseurs de données. La logique de localisation de ces établissements est plus proche de celle des industries manufacturières que de celle des services de type classique. L'augmentation du nombre des "usines à traiter l'information" et leur plasticité spatiale en font un enjeu pour le développement des territoires. La Métropole lilloise connaît actuellement en ce domaine un développement essentiellement endogène qui conforte sa primauté au sein du Nord-Pas-de-Calais et sa spécialisation dans la commercialisation des biens et services destinés au grand public.
L'Argentière-la-Bessée, de la reconversion au redéveloppement
Authors: Donze Jacques
Published: January 2018

The restructuring plan of Pechiney Company, economic and administrative expression of the scale change of the firm, have deeply transformed the small town of l'Argentière la Bessée, an area structured on a mono-industry basis. After the social and economic crisis prompted by the closing down of the factory, the tries of redevelopment have failed. Today, the way of making rebirth of the local community is on local ressources (tourist industry and knowledge). So it is interesting today to assess the situation and to enhance the study of the local territory.
L'ajustement par l'innovation : l'expérience du Canada atlantique
Authors: Beaudin Maurice
Published: January 2018

La faible densité humaine et la dépendance sur l'exploitation des ressources naturelles semblent être à la base des difficultés structurelles que connaît la région du Canada atlantique. Une précarité relative qui, au cours des années 1990, aurait pu s'amplifier face aux nouvelles contraintes émanant de la globalisation, de l'entrée en force des technologies, de la rationalisation de l'appareil public et de la maturation du capital-ressources. Contre toute attente, l'espace régional a pu surmonter ces obstacles et adapter sa base traditionnelle aux impératifs de la nouvelle économie. Mieux, la région a réussi à mettre en place une panoplie de secteurs à forte intensité technologique et de connaissances qui attirent de plus en plus les investisseurs étrangers. Reste le problème des régions de ressources qui, pour l'instant, ne semblent pas vraiment imprégnées de cette nouvelle dynamique.
Le tourisme : facteur de territorialisation du détroit du Pas-de-Calais
Authors: Lagéiste Jérôme
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this contribution is to show the part tourism plays in the territorial development of the Pas de Calais straits. Since tourism started, it brought the two shores closer together in a more or less tight manner according to different periods in time. Whatever were the processes of promoting tourism, either spontaneous or institutional, the unbalances remain in favour of the Côte d'Opale. However, the characteristics of a frontier touristic territory are becoming apparent.