bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Ergonomics and Postural Job Analysis on Handcrafting Process of a Small-Scale Jewelry Enterprise
Authors: Caparas Hazel
Published: June 2020

The Philippine Jewelry Industry has a great potential on contributing to the economic development. Large deposit of gold, abundant reserve of precious stones and cheap skilled labor of Filipino artisans are some of the country’s resources which are essential elements for jewelry making. A dying breed of artistry for the craft poses a high threat to the number of Filipino jewelry makers. Hence, a task analysis intends to help the industry by identifying ergonomic risk factors in the working environment of a typical small-scale jewelry enterprise. It focuses on the traditional ways of jewelry making mainly by handheld tools. Various physical and environmental methods are consolidated to detect risk factors which may potentially lead to occupational disorders. Data analysis plan consists of comparative assessment of actual measurements and acceptable levels for environmental variables. Also, descriptive statistics is used to interpret the results of environmental ergonomics and postural job analysis. The result shows high proportion of non-conformance in illumination and thermal condition of the workplace. The sitting postures of the workers are deviated from neutral working positions. Also, bodydiscomforts are commonly experienced in neck, shoulder, upper back and arm regions. Moreover, recommendations are established to introduce an ergonomically designed workplace.
Approximate multi-object filter with known SNR information for an optical sensor system
Authors: Si Weijian , Zhu Hongfan , Qu Zhiyu
Published: June 2020

In the image plane of an optical sensor, the amplitude information (AI) is very reliable for distinguishing returns generated by actual targets or coming from clutter generators. However, the majority of recently derived multi-object filters based on Mahler’s finite set statistics (FISST) theory have ignored utilizing this information. This paper proposes an approximate multi-object filter with additive AI applied for optical sensor systems. The algorithm is operated on an image plane generated by the optical sensor, which has been pre-processed. After each prediction step, we sample multiple particles to approximate the prior multi-object density. Moreover, at the update step, we employ the amplitude feature likelihood for situations where the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) information of targets is known. The loopy belief propagation (LBP) method with sequentially updated initialization messages is designed to solve the data association problem involved in the update step of the multi-object particle filter. We analyze the convergence performance of the LBP algorithm with additive AI and sequentially updated initialization messages; an ad hoc method for improving the performance of the AI-aided LBP is designed.
The tyranny of the served market: The negative relationship between market orientation and performance among design-driven organizations
Authors: Parkman Ian D. , Holloway Samuel S.
Published: June 2020

As design has been slowly embraced as an element of business research, a number of well-established organizational strategy concepts have been called into question. This article empirically examines the relationship between firm performance and market orientation (MO), one of the most commonly employed variables within business strategy, among design-driven firms. Our findings suggest that the positive relationship between MO and performance present in most business strategy literature does not appear to hold among organizations with a strong strategic focus on design. Design-driven firms seem to actively downplay MO, resulting in a statistically significant negative relationship between the concept and its three sub-factors: customer orientation (CUST), competitor orientation (COMP), and inter-functional coordination (INTER) on two measures of firm performance, project-level success and competitive advantage. Drawing on related literature and follow-up interviews with firm managers, we rationalize these results as evidence of design-driven firms efforts to avoid the so-called ‘tyranny of the served market’ where a narrow focus on current customers and established competitors within incremental markets can lead to myopia and limit innovation. The implications of this study may be to provide support to managers of design-driven organizations to de-emphasize MO’s narrow focus on close industry rivals and well-defined customers as well as much-needed empirical support for anecdotal accounts of how many traditional business strategy variables, such as MO, may be insufficient, or at least incomplete explanations of design-driven organizations.
Short film production in educational contexts: Exploring the methodology of the Olhar pela Lente project in Portugal
Authors: Alves Pedro , Pereira Ana Sofia
Published: June 2020

Cinema’s pedagogical essence nurtures a variety of educational strategies. Beyond serving as a support to other areas of knowledge or as the subject of artistic analysis, it also provides students with a means to give – freely and significantly – voice to their own concerns and interests. Short film production in schools can offer a process for young people to deal with personal and social challenges, fostering a closer connection between them and their community and environment. Schools are natural habitats for this encounter – a place where film production can generate significant educational and cultural resonance. This paper reflects on the didactic potential of short film production in schools – as a key to fulfil formal and non-formal pedagogical goals – through the presentation and analysis of a recently implemented methodology for education through film: Olhar pela Lente, a project developed in Portugal during 2018.
EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL USE OF DOMESTIC TREATED EFFLUENTS FOR IRRIGATION IN AREAS SUBJECT TO CONFLICTS OVER WATER USE IN PARACATU RIVER BASIN
Authors: Melo Marilia Carvalho , Pereira Santos Ana Silvia , Pinheiro Santos Nádia Antônia , Magalhães de Araújo Bruna , Rosa Silva de Oliveira Josiane , Ribeiro Campos Alessandro
Published: June 2020

Em Minas Gerais, a crise hídrica dos últimos anos corroborou a necessidade de adoção de tecnologias eficientes para a diminuição dos desperdícios e o reuso de água. Vistas as experiências de reuso em vários países, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o uso potencial de esgoto doméstico tratado na agricultura irrigada na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paracatu, região com Declarações de Área de Conflito – DAC formalizadas. A metodologia consistiu em: avaliar os usos e comparar o volume de água bruta demandado para irrigação com o volume gerado no tratamento de efluentes na bacia do rio Paracatu; estimar o custo do transporte do efluente para reuso, por caminhão pipa; e comparar o valor de cobrança pelo uso dos recursos hídricos com o custo estimado do transporte de água de reuso. A demanda de água bruta para a irrigação é de aproximadamente 182 x 106 m3/ano e o volume de água de esgotos tratados é de 8,36 x 106 m3/ano, cerca de 4,6% da demanda para fins de irrigação. A comparação entre o valor de cobrança da água bruta outorgada e o custo estimado do transporte de água, aponta para uma relação entre 12 e 2%.
RESISTÊNCIAS EM EXPERIMENTAÇÃO: ENCONTROS E AFETOS NA EDUCAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA
Authors: Desiderio Raphaela de Toledo , Merheb de Azevedo Souza Carina
Published: June 2020

Trata-se de um encontro entre exercícios de pensamento de pesquisadoras e suas recém-realizadas teses de doutorado. O encontro torna possível a reflexão sobre modos de existir nas condições em que vivemos: como professoras, pesquisadoras, nesse caso através da prática do pensamento de uma educação geográfica que, ao mesmo tempo em que nos coloca em certas situações de guerra, também nos faz manter a força de nossos corpos e subjetividades em modo de resistência constante. A distância geográfica não se tornou obstáculo para que, em diferentes contextos, pensássemos a respeito do que nos aproximava em nossos exercícios de pesquisa com e pelas imagens. Essa escrita é resultado desse encontro. Tempos em que as imagens, em suas diferentes formas, fazem parte de um estado de exceção, mas também se tornam força e potência de subjetividades outras, possibilidade de questionar nossas condições de existência(s) e nosso lugar de fala a partir da árdua tarefa de pesquisar, educar e mesmo ser, diante do atual cenário de choque. As experimentações tornaram-se, em nossas pesquisas acadêmicas, possibilidade de pensar modos de resistência e combate em nós, e de alguma maneira nos que estavam conosco.
VARIABILIDADE ESTACIONAL DO BALANÇO DE ONDAS LONGAS EM UM ECOSSISTEMA DE MATA ATLÂNTICA NO ESTADO DE ALAGOAS-BRASIL
Authors: Ferreira dos santos Misael , Alexandre Santos Querino Carlos , Ramos da Silva Junior Jeová , Gomes Carneiro Rayonil , Marcelo Lopes Júnior José , Antonio Lima Moura Marcos
Published: June 2020

O conhecimento do balanço de radiação ondas longas (BOL) é importante para determinação das trocas energéticas que ocorrem no sistema superfície-atmosfera. Assim, neste trabalho avaliou-se a variabilidade estacional do BOL numa área de Mata Atlântica, através da análise da influência de diferentes variáveis meteorológicas, discutindo suas possíveis causas. A pesquisa foi realizada numa Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) no município de Coruripe-AL. As medições foram feitas por um saldo radiômetro (CNR1, Kipp e Zonen) instalado acima do dossel florestal numa torre micrometeorológica de 26 metros de altura durante os períodos de 03.11.2016 a 31.12.2016 (estação seca) e 01.05.2017 a 30.06.2017 (estação chuvosa). O BOL variou em 101,63% da estação chuvosa para a seca (-11,6 W m-2 a -23,39 W.m-2) em dias nublados e 30,33% (-49,19 W.m-2 a -64,11 W.m-2) em dias claros. A radiação de onda longa atmosférica (Ra) média no período chuvoso foi 430,96 W.m-2 e 418,90 W.m-2 no seco, enquanto a radiação terrestre (Rs) foi 456,46 W.m-2 (chuvoso) e 470,60 W.m-2 (seco). Rs foi sempre maior que Ra e, por consequência, o BOL foi sempre negativo em ambas estações, com uma diferença média de 103,19% de uma estação para outra.
REVISÃO SOBRE O USO DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO NA DETECÇÃO DE VAZAMENTOS DE ÓLEO NO MAR
Authors: Vilar Aires de Moura Nájla , De Carvalho Júnior Osmar Abílio , Trancoso Gomes Roberto Arnaldo , Fontes Guimarães Renato
Published: June 2020

Vazamentos de óleo no mar são de grande preocupação pública por representarem riscos para o meio ambiente e para a população costeira. Com o crescimento da exploração do petróleo e da movimentação de navios aumenta a possibilidade de acidentes, nesse contexto o sensoriamento remoto é usado como ferramenta indispensável para a detecção e monitoramento das manchas de óleo na superfície marítima. O presente trabalho traz uma revisão das pesquisas recentes desenvolvidas na área, que sobretudo visam melhorar a acurácia da detecção e classificação das manchas com potencial de serem derramamento de óleo. O Radar de Abertura Sintética (SAR) destaca-se como o sensor mais usado, por ser eficiente mesmo com a presença de nuvens e no período noturno. O desafio atual é a necessidade de criar metodologias eficientes na distinção de manchas de óleo de outras feições escuras que aparecem na imagem de radar formadas por fenômenos diversos que podem gerar falsos-positivo.
Modern Organizational and Economic Mechanism for Environmental Safety
Authors: LUTKOVSKA Svitlana , KALETNIK Grygorii
Published: June 2020

In this article, the organizational and economic mechanism of security management is part of the overall system of the economy as a whole with its peculiarities. It is established that the purpose of organizational and economic mechanism of management of natural, anthropogenic and ecological safety is to harmonize economic and environmental interests of social production: vertical - state, regional, local, horizontal - territorial, departmental, at the level of relations between enterprises, etc., as well as establishing an effective security assurance procedure. The objective of the organizational and economic management mechanism is to strengthen and enhance the natural, anthropogenic and ecological security of the country, under the following conditions: to function within the current legal framework; to provide reliable protection of national and regional interests in the field of guaranteeing natural anthropogenic and ecological security; create conditions for forecasting and timely prevention of threats and adverse processes of security compliance; be effective in both normal and emergency situations; be determined by a clear structure and functional separation of the authorities. It is confirmed that the organizational and economic mechanism of environmental safety is based on the following principles: scientific validity, economic responsibility, complexity, economic calculation, payment for the use of natural resources. The structure of the economic mechanism of nature management and nature conservation activity is developed. The classification of economic instruments for guaranteeing environmental safety has been formed. The modern organizational and economic mechanism of ecological safety has been developed, which provides the process of functioning of ecological safety and is supported by the legal, organizational, technical, socio-cultural and informational components. It is proved that the economic component of the organizational and economic mechanism determines the preconditions for the functioning of financial and economic relations between the participants of the process of guaranteeing environmental safety. The effectiveness of the economic subsystem is ensured by close interaction and interaction with the organizational, through the institutionalization of the components of the system and mechanisms of their organizational interaction: subordination, powers, rights, responsibilities, regularity and forms of organizational relations.
Factors of Human Activities Impact on the Nature in the Arctic Regions
Authors: KARMANOVSKAYA Natalia V. , ELESIN Mikhail A. , BAZELYANSKAYA Tatyana P.
Published: June 2020

Ecological monitoring of the environment constitutes the basis for the study of natural objects and an integrated approach to the organization of both production and human activity at large. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the factors that influence human activity on the nature of the Arctic. The leading research methods for this problem are the method of analysing several factors of human activity on the dynamics of changes in nature, including the method of qualitative assessment, during which the general nature of the impact was identified. As a result, continuous observations were made of the state of the atmosphere. The data on the concentration of fine dust obtained from the Norilsk stationary post allow to identify the level of pollution. The assessment of impact factors was carried out, which allowed to determine the extent of impact on nature. The authors also conducted field work and tested 50 biological samples of wild reindeer in West Taimyr using the molecular genetic marker system. The novelty of the study is that organizational and methodological recommendations were developed for conducting production activities. The practical significance of the study is determined by the necessity of implementing the necessary scientific and administrative apparatus for the preparation and implementation of practical measures, since many theoretical aspects for further proposal of measures have not been sufficiently developed.
Pro-Environmental Forms of Transport in the Experience and Perception of Tourists Visiting Warsaw
Authors: BALIŃSKA Agata
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to explore the perception and use of pro-environmental forms of transport in Warsaw. The study involved an analysis of source materials and a survey conducted on a sample of 550 people. The survey was created on the Survio platform and shared on social media to reach people who visited Warsaw at least once. The forms of transport selected for the study included: city bikes, electric city scooters and cars available via Uber service and car sharing platforms BlaBlaCar and JadeZabiore. The research sought answers to the following questions: What is the actual level of use and interest in the analyzed forms of transport? What are the motives and barriers determining the use of these forms of transport? How do socio-demographic variables differentiate the use of the studied forms of transport? What are the benefits and threats to the development of the analyzed forms of transport? The research shows that the use and interest in the analyzed forms of transport varied. The respondents found city bikes and Uber most useful while scooters were considered the least needed. Variables like gender, age and size of household to a certain extent influenced the use of city bikes, Uber and scooters. The amount of net disposable income per person was not a differentiating variable. The analyzed forms of transport generate threats (e.g. regarding safety) but also benefits, such as reduction of costs and air pollution.
Formation of Approaches to Environmental Policy under Conditions of Digital Economy
Authors: FEDULIN Aleksandr Alekseevich , CHERNAYA Ilona Vitalievna , ORLOVA Elena Yurievna , AVTSINOVA Galina Ivanovna , SIMONYAN Tatyana Vladimirovna
Published: June 2020

This article is devoted to formation of approaches to environmental policy under conditions of digital economy. It has been established that the issue of implementation of digital economy requires for integrated approach, environmental safety cannot play supporting roles since environment well-being exerts significant influence on performance of major business. It has been proved that digital economy should move to the next level to control actual economic processes which would allow to simplify environmental control and to transfer from manual control to automation. It has been determined that while developing automated control system of environmental processes such criteria should be considered as reasonability, simplicity and compactness, dynamism, safety, equilibrium. Automated information system should satisfy such criteria as versatility, flexibility, and high adaptability.
Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Regional Development
Authors: SHOMSHEKOVA Balhiya Kulmesovna , ABDIBEKOV Saken Ualikhanovich , KULBAY Bauyrzhan Susaruly , KASENOVA Aibarshyn Mamlenovna , SADVAKASOVA Anar Satybaldinovna
Published: June 2020

In this study, the authors focus on the environmental and economic aspects of sustainable development at the regional level. Theoretical aspects of sustainable development of regions have been described, the main environmental problems giving rise to the formation of proposals for sustainable development have been presented, and the main systems of indicators of environmentally sustainable development have been analyzed. The analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators of the environment state in the Republic of Kazakhstan has been carried out and problems that impede the formation of environmentally sustainable development in the region have been identified. The directions of solving the problems of environmental sustainability of regions have been developed, providing for the construction of an organizational and economic mechanism for environmentally sustainable development, as well as improving several tools for managing sustainability. The authors attempt to fill in the existing gaps based on the materials of Kazakhstan, showing the problems of effective management of environmental sustainability based on the greening of industrial production, introduction of environmental innovations, development of the environmental culture of the population, as well as scientific justification of approaches to assessing regional environmental sustainability.
Training of Engineering Personnel for Working in Agriculture Considering the Requirements for Digitalization Development in Agro – Industrial Complex
Authors: RUBAEVA O. D. , ZUBAREVA I. A. , PAKHOMOVA N. A. , MALYKHINA E. A.
Published: June 2020

This article describes the impact of digital economy on changes in economic environmental and social spheres. This leads to changes in educational environment considering the requirements for the development of digitalization in agro – industrial complex (AIC). In this regard, the conditions of education and training of engineering personnel with competencies for working in AIC digital economy are also changing.

The authors studied influence of the main trends in the development of digital fluency and digital competencies on the formation of engineering human resources in AIC. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the development of the human resources component of the digital economy of AIC in this region, in particular, according to the parameters of “Personnel for Digital Economy” project in the Chelyabinsk Region, it is planned to increase the share of population with digital fluency and key competencies in digital economy from 27% in 2019 to 80% by year 2024.

Human resources are the most important strategic resource for the development of AIC digitalization. At the same time, labor requirements are constantly growing. Formation of digital competencies should be the goal of engineers, and the development of a mechanism to achieve this goal is the main task of state personnel policy, science and education. Consequently, the role of education in training of engineering personnel for working in agriculture taking into account the requirements for AIC digitalization development is becoming more and more relevant.
Direct Instruction vs. Computer Simulation and their Learning Outcome in Engineering Education
Authors: Zendler Andreas , Gohl Manuel
Published: June 2020

Answers to the questions of which instructional methods are suitable for school, what instructional methods should be applied in teaching individual subjects and how instructional methods support the act of learning represent challenges to general education and education in individual subjects. This study focuses on the empirical examination of learning outcome in engineering educationwith respect to two instructional methods: direct instruction and computer simulation. A CRF 2x2 design is used to control instructional method and class context. Learning outcome on bridge construction is assessed with reference to the optics of bridge and the material usage for the bridge. The empirical findings show that learning with direct instruction was superior to computer simulation.
Distributed Cat Modeling Based Agile Framework for Software Development
Authors: B Prakash , V Viswanathan
Published: June 2020

Software development is a hectic process that requires keen understanding and effective model such that the developed software inherits good quality, reliability, and achieves customer satisfaction towards achieving the goals effectively. The effective operation of the software is enabled by modifying the operating modules of the software through a model, like agile. In this paper, the catastrophic and distributed computing models are integrated into the software development step. The proposed model is termed as Distributed Cat model that is developed with the aim to handle the risk factors engaged in various developing stages of the agile model. The risk factors that affect the communication, planning, release, design, coding and testing modules of the agile modules are deeply learned and executed such that the risk factors are tackled by various modules present in the proposed Distributed Cat model. The effectiveness of the proposed model is analyzed based on the performance metrics, such as Index of Integration (IoI) and Usability Goals Achievement Metric (UGAM), for which five products including the hotel management system, Customer relationship Management system (CRM), Rainfall prediction system, Temperature monitoring system, and meta-search system, are employed and analyzed. The analysis is progressed using the parameters, like mean difference, variance, standard devaiation, correlation. The analysis proves that the proposed model offered a great deviation after applying the proposed model contributing a high degree of performance in software development.
Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Severity Assessment of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Paul Jayanta
Published: June 2020

The incidence and prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP) is increasing over time. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is established by revised Atlanta criteria (2012). Multiple criteria and scoring systems have been used for assessment of severity of AP. Majority of acute pancreatitis cases (80%) are mild, the challenge remains in early diagnosis, severity assessment and treatment of severe AP and its complications. Assessment of severity of AP is important part of management because line of treatment depends on aetiology and severity of acute pancreatitis. In this article a comprehensive review of recent advances in diagnosis and severity assessment of acute pancreatitis has been described.
Discourse on Relations Between Indonesia and Papua: Content Analysis of History Textbook of 2013 Curriculum
Authors: Handoko Susanto T , Wasino Wasino
Published: June 2020

This research is motivated by the existence of a national identity crisis in Indonesian society, especially in young people or students. This research aims to analyze the discourse on relations between Indonesia and Papua found in a history textbook for senior high school of 2013 curriculum. Through this research, an understanding of how the state reconstructs national identity (Indonesian-ness) and local identity (Papuan-ness) in a history textbook for senior high school used by senior high school students in Jayapura City. The research method used is the qualitative method, which focuses on the content analysis of the history textbook. This analysis will focus on the relations between Indonesia and Papua. The meaning process was conducted using two concepts, namely Indonesian-ness and Papuan-ness. Then, those two concepts were represented in three themes: ethnic nationalism, nationalism, and national integration. The results of the research showed that the discourse on national identity (Indonesian-ness) and local identity (Papuan-ness) was a product of the government’s political policies in education, namely ideology and state identity. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya krisis identitas nasional di masyarakat Indonesia, terutama pada kaum muda atau pelajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis wacana tentang hubungan Indonesia dan Papua yang ditemukan dalam buku teks sejarah untuk kurikulum SMA 2013. Melalui penelitian ini, pemahaman tentang bagaimana negara merekonstruksi identitas nasional dan identitas lokal dalam buku teks sejarah untuk SMA yang digunakan oleh siswa SMA di Kota Jayapura. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, yang berfokus pada analisis isi buku teks sejarah. Analisis ini akan fokus pada hubungan antara Indonesia dan Papua. Proses pemaknaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua konsep, yaitu keindonesiaan dan ke-Papua-an. Kemudian, kedua konsep tersebut diwakili dalam tiga tema: nasionalisme etnis, nasionalisme, dan integrasi nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wacana tentang identitas nasional dan identitas lokal adalah produk kebijakan politik pemerintah dalam pendidikan, yaitu ideologi dan identitas negara.
Gayo Highland Takengon from 1904 To 1942: A Historical Analysis of Coffee Plantations at the Era of Dutch Colonialism
Authors: Iswanto Sufandi , Zulfan Zulfan , Suryana Nina
Published: June 2020

This article analyzes the history of Coffee Plantations in Gayo Highland Takengon at the time of the Dutch Colonialism era from 1904 to 1942. This historical research aimed to reveal the social and economic background, history, and the labors' condition of Gayo Highland Takengon Coffee Plantations. The historical method, which consisted of five analytical stages, was used as the method to reconstruct the history of the coffee plantations in Gayo. The findings of the research show that the geographical factors supported Gayo Highland Takengon as the area of the coffee plantation. Coffee was firstly developed at Gayo Highland by Veenhuyzen in 1908. From 1908 to 1918, coffee was a non-commercial commodity and produced on a small scale. In 1918, after the establishment of Wilhelmina Blang Gele Coffee Plantation and other plantations managed by both private and state companies, coffee increasingly became a commercial commodity. Private and state-owned companies started to employ Javanese laborers or popularly known as Jawa Kontrak and Jawa Kolonisasi. The laborers were brought in gradually from Java and bounded by the Labor System based on the Staatsblad 1911 and Staatsblad 1915. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the geographical factors and the spirit of capitalism had driven the Dutch private and state companies to develop coffee plantations in Gayo Highland by employing the Javanese contract laborers.Tulisan ini merupakan kajian tentang analisis historis perkebunan kopi di Dataran Tinggi Gayo Takengon pada era kolonial Belanda (1904-1942). Tujuannya tidak lain untuk mengetahui faktor dibukanya perkebunan, sejarah perkebunan pertama dan buruh yang berkerja pada perkebunan kopi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah dengan menggunakan lima tahapan. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara geografis Dataran Tinggi Gayo cocok dijadikan sebagai kawasan perkebunan kopi, hal tersebut telah mendorong adanya penerapan kapitalisme Barat. Tanaman kopi untuk pertama kalinya dikembangkan di Dataran Tinggi Gayo pada tahun 1908, pelopor pertamamnya seorang Belanda bernama Veenhuyzen. Tanaman kopi tersebut awalnya hanya sebagai tanaman non komersial dengan jumlah terbatas, namun sejak tahun 1918 dengan dibukanya perkebunan kopi Wilhelmina Blang Gele, tanaman kopi menjadi tanaman komersial baik yang dikelola oleh Belanda maupun swasta. Buruh yang diperkerjakan pada perkebunan baik Belanda maupun swasta merupakan buruh kontak orang-orang Jawa yang disebut sebagai Jawa Kontrak dan Jawa Kolonisasi. Para buruh tersebut didatangkan dari Pulau Jawa secara bergelombang dan terikat dengan sistem kontak yang mengacu pada staatsblad tahun 1911 dan staatsblad tahun 1915.
Agricultural Extension Education in Indonesia in the Colonial Period 1900-1941
Authors: Wahyono Effendi , Huda Nurul
Published: June 2020

This paper examines agricultural extension education during the colonial period in Indonesia and used historical research to investigate it. The agricultural extension was formed in 1911. Agricultural experts in Indonesia at that time were agricultural engineers who graduated from Agricultural College in Wageningen, the Netherlands. They did not understand much about indigenous cultures, languages, and agrarian systems. The task of the agricultural extension was to improve the economy of rural peasant communities. Agricultural education in Indonesia began with the Middlebare Landbouw School for higher education. For lower-level education or the first secondary school, Cultuur School was established. This school prepared graduates to work as forestry officials, agricultural supervisors, and agricultural extension workers. The number of graduates was minimal, so it can not reach the vast territory of Indonesia. For this reason, graduates of agricultural schools who worked in extension offices (Landbouwvoorlichtingsdienst) gave agricultural courses to village school teachers (Vervolksschool). The teachers then taught agriculture to grade five elementary school students, and peasant groups formed in the villages. These peasant groups were led by peasants who have succeeded in the village, which were then used as movers in village economic growth.Tulisan ini membahas pendidikan penyuluhan pertanian selama periode kolonial di Indonesia dan menggunakan menggunakan metode sejarah untuk menelitinya. Penyuluhan pertanian dibentuk pada tahun 1911. Ahli pertanian di Indonesia pada waktu itu adalah insinyur pertanian yang lulus dari Sekolah Tinggi Pertanian di Wageningen, Belanda. Mereka tidak mengerti banyak tentang budaya, bahasa, dan sistem agraria lokal. Tugas penyuluhan pertanian adalah untuk meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat petani pedesaan. Pendidikan pertanian di Indonesia dimulai dengan Middlebare Landbouw School untuk pendidikan tinggi. Untuk pendidikan tingkat rendah atau sekolah menengah pertama, Cultuur School didirikan. Sekolah ini mempersiapkan lulusan untuk bekerja sebagai pejabat kehutanan, pengawas pertanian, dan penyuluh pertanian. Jumlah lulusannya sangat minim, sehingga tidak bisa menjangkau wilayah Indonesia yang luas. Untuk alasan ini, lulusan sekolah pertanian yang bekerja di kantor penyuluhan (Landbouw voorlichtings dienst) memberikan kursus pertanian kepada guru sekolah desa (Vervolksschool). Para guru kemudian mengajar pertanian ke kelas lima siswa sekolah dasar, dan kelompok tani terbentuk di desa-desa. Kelompok tani ini dipimpin oleh petani yang telah berhasil di desa, yang kemudian digunakan sebagai penggerak dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi desa.
Missing the boat: fatal ending to a missed case of Charcot arthropathy
Authors: Galeazzi Rech Anna Luiza , Stüve Yvon , Toepfer Andreas , Schimke Katrin E
Published: June 2020

Acute Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy (CN) is a clinical entity which can easily go unrecognized in its acute early stages due to lack of awareness and unspecific presentation. However, missing early diagnosis can lead to severe complications. We present the case of a 72-year-old male patient who went through the natural course of the disease unnoticed before the very eyes of his physicians leading to a tragic end. We aim to raise awareness for this rare diabetic complication, emphasizing the necessity of early diagnosis and adequate, interdisciplinary treatment.

Learning points:

Clinical signs and symptoms of acute Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy (CN).

Red flags.

Importance of early diagnosis and correct treatment.

Diagnostic challenges of acute CN.

Awareness of high morbidity and mortality.
Sentido estructural de los estudiantes de primer curso universitario
Authors: Bolaños-Barquero Marianella , Segovia Álex Isidoro
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo tiene como propósito hacer un análisis desde el sentido estructural, de las respuestas de los estudiantes de primer ingreso universitario, a las preguntas en las que se solicita directamente la factorización, o requieren de alguna factorización para proseguir con el ejercicio y que fueron planteadas en la primera prueba de un curso de matemática introductoria a nivel universitario. La investigación es cualitativa con carácter descriptivo y exploratorio, su diseño corresponde a un análisis de contenido. Se realizó en 2019 y la muestra fueron estudiantes de primer ingreso, de dos de los grupos que componen la cátedra del curso matemática general de la Universidad Nacional (UNA) en Costa Rica. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes pueden reconocer una estructura familiar en su forma más simple, en expresiones que involucran factor común, no así cuando deben elegir manipulaciones apropiadas para hacer el mejor uso de una estructura, en expresiones que involucran dos o más métodos diferentes de factorización. Se concluye que la falta de sentido estructural es lo que genera errores en los procedimientos de factorización, lo que hace suponer que la formación de los estudiantes es insuficiente, al tiempo que genera alerta, ya que es un conocimiento previo fundamental para el avance exitoso en contenidos posteriores como las operaciones con fracciones algebraicas.
Abandono temprano en estudiantes universitarios: un estudio de cohorte sobre sus posibles causas
Authors: Rodríguez-Pineda Magaly , Zamora-Araya José Andrey
Published: June 2020

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es conocer las razones por las cuales un estudiante de primer ingreso se puede convertir en un desertor temprano; se estudia el caso particular de la Universidad Nacional. Se usó un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo exploratorio, no experimental y correlacional. Los participantes fueron 158 estudiantes de la cohorte 2014, que no reportaron matrícula en el primer ciclo del 2015, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario con 25 preguntas. Por medio de un análisis factorial exploratorio, se logró determinar que las variables asociadas con el abandono escolar respondían a factores de tipo (1) académico y de ambiente estudiantil, representado por las notas; (2) motivacional, en el que destacan variables como el estado de ánimo, duración de la carrera, falta de orientación, entre otras; (3) económico-familiar, asociado con la falta de beca, problemas familiares o cambio del estado conyugal; y (4) vocacional, relacionado con variables como falta de interés y percepción de poca utilidad de la carrera seleccionada como primera opción. Además, la deserción fue mayor en estudiantes del estrato 3, es decir, aquellos provenientes de colegios con menores oportunidades educativas y de los sectores sociales más vulnerables.
El tratamiento de los phrasal verbs en los manuales de inglés lengua extranjera
Authors: Artusi Andrea
Published: June 2020

En este artículo nos proponemos investigar el tratamiento de los phrasal verbs ingleses en una muestra representativa de manuales de inglés de Educación Secundaria y Bachillerato, con el objeto de analizar, desde el punto de vista tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo: (i) si se nombran explícitamente en el índice de los manuales; (ii) si existen apartados teóricos específicos donde se expliquen sus características sintácticas y semánticas (y de ser así, en qué consisten); (iii) si se ofrecen actividades y ejercicios concebidos para practicar e interiorizar dichas estructuras y a qué enfoque metodológico atienden; si se observan diferencias en el tratamiento de los PV en general (iv) y dependiendo del nivel lingüístico de referencia de cada manual (v).
IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI KEARIFAN LOKAL AWIK-AWIK DESA SESAOT DALAM PEMBELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Authors: Irrubai Mohammad Liwa
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the implementation of local wisdom values awik-awik Sesaot Village, Narmada District, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara in social studies learning. The method used in this research is classroom action research. The results showed that the values of the awik-awik Sesaot Village were local wisdom derived from the bragging (proverb) and customs that apply to the people of Sesaot Village to protect and preserve the environment. The values of local wisdom referred to are as follows. First, aiq meneng, tunjung tilah, empaq bau (water remains clear, lotus remains intact, fish is obtained). Second, besesiru (coopeation). Third, bau besi, bau asaq (get iron, also get asaq). Fourth, ndaq tame gawah laun ketemuq sig jin (don't enter the forest carelessly disturbed by jinn). Fifth, daq bait doen dengan laun cekok (don't take other people's things later, bend their hands). Implementation of awik-awik values in social studies learning can build student character related to democratic values practiced by making simple rules at school, values of environmental care practiced by planting trees, as well as honesty values that are practiced by opening an honest canteen. Keywords: Local Wisdom, Awak-awik Sesaot Village, Social Studies Learning.  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai pada kearifan lokal awik-awik Desa Sesaot, Kecamatan Narmada, Lombok Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat dan konten / materi, pelaksanaan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam kearifan lokal Awik-awik Desa Sesaot. Metode penelitian yaitu penelitian kualitatif dengan class action research. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilaiawik-awik Desa Sesaot merupakan kearifan lokal yang berasal dari sesenggak/pribahasa dan kebiasaan yang hidup pada masyarakat Desa sesaot untuk menjaga dan melestarikan lingkungan dan hutan mereka. Adapun nilai-nilai dari awik-awik Desa Sesaot sebagai berikut: a) Aiq meneng, tunjung tilah, empaq bau, air/tetap jernih teratai/tetap utuh, ikanpun di dapat/tertangkap, b)Besesiru/besiru(tolong-menolong), c) Bau Besi, Bau Asaq. (Besi dapat, asahpun dapat), d)Ndaq tame gawah laun ketemuq siq jin(jangan masuk hutan sembarangan nanti diganggu oleh jin), e) Ndaq bait doen dengan laun cekok (jangan ambil barang orang lain nanti bengkok tangannya). Pada tingkat implementasi nilai-nilai awik-awik dalam pembelajaran IPS telah mampu membangun karakter siswa setelah proses pembelajaran dan praktik lapangan, yakninilai demokrasi dipraktikkan dengan membuat peraturan sederhana di sekolah, nilai peduli lingkungan dipraktikkan dengan menanam pohon dan nilai jujur dipraktikkan dengan kantin kejujuran. Keywords: Kearifan Lokal, Awik-awik Desa Sesaot, Pembelajaran IPS
Prerequisites for the Development of Regional Studies in Japan within the Framework of Japanese Traditional Science
Authors: Kremnyov Evgeny V. , Ananiev Vladimir V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The variety of elements of the field of regional studies in Japan makes it possible to state that the sources of regional studies are heterogeneous not only in content, but also in their relation to different historical periods. The objective of the study is to analyze the processes of development of proto-regional knowledge in Japan from ancient times until the middle of the 19th century

Materials and Methods. Japanese works on history and geography, as well as works by Russian researchers in the considered fields were used as the materials of the study. Particular attention was paid to historical and geographical texts; other sources (religious texts, poetic texts, etc.) were also considered. The basic methods employed were those of systemic, comparative, conceptual and terminological analysis.

Results. The article discusses the stages of development of proto-regional knowledge in Japan in the framework of traditional science. Based on the analysis of works created before the middle of the 19th century, the authors conclude that the basic factor in the formation and development of knowledge about regions was the opposition “We vs. Others,” characteristic of Japanese ethnoculture, and this knowledge itself is largely Japanocentric. The article reveals the role of several schools of traditional science: kokugaku (school of national sciences), rangaku / yogaku (Dutch / European studies) and kangaku (school of Chinese sciences), as well as the role of their cultural and ideological confrontation in stimulating the development of proto-regional knowledge.

Discussion and Conclusion. The article presents the results of the initial stage of a comprehensive study, which will examine the history of the development of Japanese regional knowledge and the methodology of regional research in Japan. The results of the work may be useful to researchers and specialists in the field of history of regional development of various countries and regions.
Competitiveness of the University as a Hybrid Structure in the Regional Educational Space
Authors: Zakharova Inna V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Managing the competitiveness of higher education organizations has been considered as a means of improving the quality of education and a tool for developing the innovative component of the domestic economy. The purpose of this paper, based on the materials of the conducted study, is to identify the factors determining the competitive position of the regional university and the opportunities to increase its competitiveness.

Materials and Methods. The study employed the methods of logical, systemic, economic and statistical analysis, as well as the methods of sociological survey, expert assessments, structural analysis and design. The research methodology included comparison using the available data as well as graphical data visualization displaying the most common trends and showing the patterns of competitiveness of regional universities.

Results. The regional university has been considered as a hybrid structure including horizontal and vertical connections of independent elements and interdependent ones. The phenomena of interaction, partnership and continuity of the organization of the regional education system have been analyzed. The effectiveness of the partnership between universities and secondary schools within the framework of hybrid educational systems formed by universities has been substantiated. Based on the empirical study, two functional models of the regional university have been developed which include its significant relationships in the regional educational space.

Discussion and Conclusion. The study has confirmed the hypothesis of the importance of integrating the university into the regional educational space. The development of the university as a hybrid educational structure, its partnership with other educational organizations strengthens its competitive position. The functional models of the regional university as a hybrid structure and the methods for assessing its competitiveness, proposed by the author, may be useful for heads of educational organizations and regional authorities.
Economia e instituições no governo Kubitschek
Authors: BUENO NEWTON PAULO , FARO JOSÉ HELENO
Published: June 2020

RESUMO Este artigo procura incorporar um dos avanços teóricos mais recentes da economia institucional à análise da evolução institucional do Brasil no período 1956/1961: um modelo de escolha racional endógena para a dinâmica institucional. O período Kubitschek foi escolhido porque foi um momento da nossa história recente, onde se tentou implementar mudanças institucionais significativas em nossas instituições políticas, econômicas e sociais, buscando acelerar o ritmo do processo de industrialização. As instituições implantadas, no entanto, não apresentaram a propriedade de autofortalecimento, nem no sentido fraco, nem no sentido forte (termos definidos no artigo), sendo este assunto prejudicado por processos endógenos. Esse arranjo institucional, portanto, inicialmente capaz de se sustentar em condições de rápida industrialização com relativa estabilidade de preços, foi progressivamente enfraquecido, tornando - se auto - exequível somente em condições de estagnação econômica e inflação acelerada. Por fim, argumenta-se que a análise delineada acima pode ser útil para entender um pouco melhor a natureza geral dos processos de mudança institucional.
Elementos para uma economia política das reformas no Governo Lula
Authors: BACHA EDMAR LISBOA
Published: June 2020

RESUMO Sob a hipótese de que as reformas estruturais são positivas para a economia, argumenta-se que, em um governo de “direita”, existe um equilíbrio estável da economia política: algumas reformas são feitas e a economia tem um desempenho mediano. Em um governo de “esquerda”, esse equilíbrio mediano é instável. Uma situação de duplo equilíbrio é caracterizada: o governo ou tem sucesso total ou falha miseravelmente. A conclusão é que o sucesso do governo Lula dependerá do resultado de uma corrida entre a queda de sua popularidade, por um lado, e a melhora da economia, por outro.