bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrasting Cases: Students’ Experiences in an Active-Learning Biology Classroom
Authors: Wiltbank Lisa B. , Williams Kurt R. , Marciniak Lauren , Momsen Jennifer L.
Published: August 2019

In this qualitative study, we examined the process of active learning from the perspective of undergraduate students in a high-enrollment introductory biology class. Eight students participated in a series of five interviews throughout the semester that examined their experiences during and after class. Grades were collected for each student at regular time points throughout the semester. Here, we present in-depth case studies of four students who described profoundly different responses to the same in-class learning tasks. We particularly highlight variation in students’ self-reported engagement, as engagement is thought to be a key element of successful active learning. Finally, we map each student’s self-reported engagement and the grades that he or she received. In each case, we found that grades failed to capture some aspects of the active-learning experience that students found important.
Management of 46,XY Differences/Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) Throughout Life
Authors: Wisniewski Amy B , Batista Rafael L , Costa Elaine M F , Finlayson Courtney , Sircili Maria Helena Palma , Dénes Francisco Tibor , Domenice Sorahia , Mendonca Berenice B
Published: August 2019

Differences/disorders of sex development (DSD) are a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions that result in discordance between an individual’s sex chromosomes, gonads, and/or anatomic sex. Advances in the clinical care of patients and families affected by 46,XY DSD have been achieved since publication of the original Consensus meeting in 2006. The aims of this paper are to review what is known about morbidity and mortality, diagnostic tools and timing, sex of rearing, endocrine and surgical treatment, fertility and sexual function, and quality of life in people with 46,XY DSD. The role for interdisciplinary health care teams, importance of establishing a molecular diagnosis, and need for research collaborations using patient registries to better understand long-term outcomes of specific medical and surgical interventions are acknowledged and accepted. Topics that require further study include prevalence and incidence, understanding morbidity and mortality as these relate to specific etiologies underlying 46,XY DSD, appropriate and optimal options for genitoplasty, long-term quality of life, sexual function, involvement with intimate partners, and optimizing fertility potential.
Child Sexual Abuse and Medical Expertise in Nineteenth-Century France
Authors: Cage E. Claire
Published: August 2019

Child sexual abuse was a prevalent problem that appeared before the courts with dramatically increasing frequency in nineteenth-century France. During this period medical experts played a much more influential role in the courts; however, those summoned to intervene in child sexual assault cases not only bolstered but also undermined efforts to bring offenders to justice. Many doctors who could not detect physical traces of sexual abuse concluded that the assault had not occurred and that the child's accusation was false. Furthermore, doctors routinely cast moral judgments on those identified as victims of sexual abuse. The understandings of childhood innocence that engendered new efforts to combat child sexual abuse were called into question by the simultaneous rise of medicolegal experts, whose frequent negative findings led many to discount accusations of abuse and to maintain that children, particularly girls and working-class children, were not as innocent as they seemed.

Dans la France du dix-neuvième siècle, l'abus sexuel des enfants était un problème courant qui a de plus en plus préoccupé les tribunaux, où les experts médicaux jouaient un rôle grandissant. Cependant, les médecins appelés à intervenir dans les cas d'agression sexuelle d'enfants ont non seulement soutenu mais ont aussi miné les efforts de punir les coupables. De nombreux médecins qui ne pouvaient pas discerner de traces physiques d'abus sexuel ont conclu que l'agression sexuelle n'avait jamais eu lieu et que l'accusation de l'enfant n'était pas fondée. En outre, les médecins portaient régulièrement des jugements moraux sur les enfants identifiés comme victimes. L'idée de l'innocence de l'enfance, qui a suscité de nouveaux efforts pour lutter contre l'abus sexuel, a été remise en question par le respect croissant pour l'expertise médico-légale. Les conclusions souvent négatives des experts ont encouragé le public à ignorer les accusations d'abus et à maintenir que les enfants, en particulier les filles et les enfants de la classe ouvrière, n'étaient pas aussi innocents qu'ils en avaient l'air.
Expiatory Victims of Modern Crisis
Authors: Everton Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

This article examines responses to the 1897 Bazar de la Charité fire, in which 125 people, mostly upper-class women, were killed. Observers used the Catholic doctrine of vicarious suffering to give meaning and purpose to the women's painful deaths. I focus particularly on Christian feminist Marie Maugeret's analysis of the event. Framing her interpretation of the fire in terms of her belief that society was imbalanced due to men's tyranny over women, Maugeret argued that the women's deaths offered France a chance for redemption through the dual action of Catholicism and feminism. During the Dreyfus affair, Maugeret modified her theories of women's redemptive pain to incorporate antidreyfusard men's suffering, adding nationalism to Catholicism and feminism as a redemptive force.

Cet article examine les réponses catholiques, conservatrices et nationalistes à l'incendie du Bazar de la Charité de 1897, dans lequel 125 personnes sont mortes. La plupart des victimes étaient des femmes de la haute société. La doctrine catholique de la souffrance expiatoire était utilisée pour donner du sens aux décès douloureux de ces femmes. Je me concentre sur l'analyse offerte par Marie Maugeret, fondatrice du mouvement et journal Le féminisme chrétien. Maugeret comprend le désastre du point de vue d'un féminisme basé sur l'idée du déséquilibre social résultant de la tyrannie masculine et la souffrance féminine. Le catholicisme et le féminisme, selon Maugeret, sont des œuvres de rénovation sociale rendues possible par la souffrance expiatoire des mortes de l'incendie. Pendant l'affaire Dreyfus, Maugeret a modifié ses théories féministes-catholiques en intégrant la souffrance des chefs antidreyfusards afin que l'œuvre rénovatrice soit nationaliste ainsi que féministe et catholique.
Abiotic stress modulates root patterning via ABA-regulated microRNA expression in the endodermis initials
Authors: Bloch Daria , Puli Malikarjuna Rao , Mosquna Assaf , Yalovsky Shaul
Published: August 2019

Patterning of the root xylem into protoxylem (PX) and metaxylem is regulated by auxin-cytokinin signaling and microRNA miR165a/166b-mediated suppression of genes encoding Class III HOMEODOMAIN LEU-ZIPPER (HD-ZIPIII) proteins. We found that in Arabidopsis osmotic stress via core abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in meristematic endodermal cells induces differentiation of PX in radial and longitudinal axes in association with increased VND7 expression. Similarly, in tomato ABA enhanced PX differentiation in the longitudinally and radially, indicating an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. ABA increased expression of miR165a/166b and reduced expression of miR165a/166b repressor ARGONAOUTE10/ZWILLE, resulting in reduced levels of all five HD-ZIPIII RNAs. ABA treatments failed to induce additional PX files in a miR165a/166b-resistant PHB mutant, phb1-d, and in scr and shr mutants, in which miR165a/166b expression are strongly reduced. Thus, ABA regulates xylem patterning and maturation via miR165a/166b-regulated expression of HD-ZIPIII mRNAs and associated VND7 levels. In lateral root initials, ABA induced increase in miR165a levels in endodermal precursors and inhibited their reduction in the future quiescent center specifically at pre-emergence stage. Hence, ABA-induced inhibition of lateral root is associated with reduced HD-ZIPIII levels.
Crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of the essential m1G37 tRNA methyltransferase TrmD from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Jaroensuk Juthamas , Wong Yee Hwa , Zhong Wenhe , Liew Chong Wai , Maenpuen Somchart , Sahili Abbas E. , Atichartpongkul Sopapan , Chionh Yok Hian , Nah Qianhui , Thongdee Narumon , McBee Megan E. , Prestwich Erin G. , DeMott Michael S. , Chaiyen Pimchai , Mongkolsuk Skorn , Dedon Peter C. , Lescar Julien , Fuangthong Mayuree
Published: August 2019

The tRNA (m1G37) methyltransferase TrmD catalyzes m1G formation at position 37 in many tRNA isoacceptors and is essential in most bacteria, which positions it as a target for antibiotic development. In spite of its crucial role, little is known about TrmD in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaTrmD), an important human pathogen. Here we present detailed structural, substrate, and kinetic properties of PaTrmD. The mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the G36G37-containing tRNAs Leu(GAG), Leu(CAG), Leu(UAG), Pro(GGG), Pro(UGG), Pro(CGG), and His(GUG) as PaTrmD substrates. Analysis of steady-state kinetics with S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) and tRNALeu(GAG) showed that PaTrmD catalyzes the two-substrate reaction by way of a ternary complex, while isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that SAM and tRNALeu(GAG) bind to PaTrmD independently, each with a dissociation constant of 14 ± 3 µM. Inhibition by the SAM analog sinefungin was competitive with respect to SAM (Ki = 0.41 ± 0.07 µM) and uncompetitive for tRNA (Ki = 6.4 ± 0.8 µM). A set of crystal structures of the homodimeric PaTrmD protein bound to SAM and sinefungin provide the molecular basis for enzyme competitive inhibition and identify the location of the bound divalent ion. These results provide insights into PaTrmD as a potential target for the development of antibiotics.
The Issue of Presenting the Translation Procedural Aspects
Authors: Злобин А. , Zlobin A.
Published: August 2019

Procedural aspects of translation as technological actions of a translator have still not received adequate attention from the translation theorists and practitioners, since there is not a common scheme for the translation stages or their content. This article attempts to convert the said stages into basic, universal translation skills and present them in the form of a dynamic frame of translation technology.
Electronic Health Records and the Logics of Care: Complementarity and Conflict in the U.S. Healthcare System
Authors: Hansen Sean , Baroody A. James
Published: August 2019

The U.S. healthcare system has experienced rapid growth in the adoption and use of clinical health information technology, such as electronic health record (EHR) systems. In a field as complex and pluralistic as healthcare, the introduction of these sweeping information technology platforms is transforming the practices, roles, interdependencies, and communication mechanisms that connect a heterogeneous mix of stakeholders. In this study, we assess the impact of EHR adoption and use on the practices in the U.S. healthcare system and the diverse ways of thinking and acting that those practices reflect. Building on our field study of diverse healthcare stakeholders, we propose a mechanism for how information system (IS) use can influence the institutional dynamics of the healthcare system. We argue that this theoretical framework may be fruitfully applied to other national healthcare systems and other classes of enterprise IS. In addition, the study offers a number of practical insights for IS designers and policy makers as EHR system use expands and evolves in the coming years.
Dynamic Discretization Discovery for Solving the Time-Dependent Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Vu Duc Minh , Hewitt Mike , Boland Natashia , Savelsbergh Martin
Published: August 2019

We present a new solution approach for the time-dependent traveling salesman problem with time windows. This problem considers a salesman who departs from his home, has to visit a number of cities within a predetermined period of time, and then, returns home. The problem allows for travel times that can depend on the time of departure. We consider two objectives for the problem: (1) a makespan objective that seeks to return the salesman to his home as early as possible and (2) a duration objective that seeks to minimize the amount of time that he is away from his home. The solution approach is based on an integer programming formulation of the problem on a time-expanded network, because doing so enables time dependencies to be embedded in the definition of the network. However, because such a time-expanded network (and thus, the integer programming formulation) can rapidly become prohibitively large, the solution approach uses a dynamic discretization discovery framework, which has been effective in other contexts. Our computational results indicate that the solution approach outperforms the best-known methods on benchmark instances and is robust with respect to instance parameters.
Horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit anti-non-structural protein 1 of dengue virus-2 for the diagnosis of dengue virus infections
Authors: Arodes Evy Suryani , Dewi Beti Ernawati , Sudiro Tjahjani Mirawati
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of dengue virus (DENV) infection is essential for patient management and disease control. Detection of the antigen non-structural protein 1 (NS1) has been proven to provide early diagnosis of DENV infection. Thus, commercial NS1 antigen detection assays have been increasingly used and are becoming thetool of choice among clinicians to confirm DENV infection in Indonesia.

METHODS To obtain anti-NS1 DENV antibody, NS1 protein (90 µg/ml) from the collection of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia was injected into a rabbit. The anti-NS1 antibody from the rabbit was then labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using the periodate oxidation method. Sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect NS1 from DENV-infected patients.

RESULTS Serially diluted antibody labeled with HRP tested using the direct ELISA method showed the highest absorbance value at a 1:100 dilution (Mean [SD] = 1.35 [0.35]); even at a dilution as high as 1:3,200 (0.22 [0.15]), antibody labeled with HRP was able to detect the NS1 protein, although the absorbance value did not differ greatly from that of the negative control (0.13 [0.01]).

CONCLUSIONS In an attempt to develop an NS1-based diagnostic test, polyclonal anti-NS1 DENV antibody was successfully produced as a diagnostic assay to determine the presence of DENV NS1 antigen in patients’ sera.
Chemical compositions, contaminants, and residues of organic and conventional goat milk in Bogor District, Indonesia
Authors: Wanniatie Veronica , Sudarwanto Mirnawati B. , Purnawarman Trioso , Jayanegara Anuraga
Published: August 2019

Aim: This study aimed to compare chemical composition and contaminants (pesticide residues, antibiotic residues, and heavy metal residues) between organic and conventional goat milk in Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Milk sampling was carried out from March to August 2018 at six goat farms. The chemical quality of milk was checked using the Lactoscan Ultrasonic Milk Analyzer device. Fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). Pesticide residues in goat's milk were analyzed using a GC-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Antibiotic residues were analyzed using bioassay screening test method. The lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) residues were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results: The content of fat, protein, and lactose showed that there was no difference in the composition of goat's milk between organic and conventional farms. Caprylic acid (C8:0) and capric acid (C10:0) of organic goat milk are higher than conventional goat milk. Stearic acid (C18:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2) of conventional goat milk are higher than organic goat milk. The total fatty acid of organic goat milk is higher than conventional goat milk. Organochlorine pesticide residues were not detected in organic goat milk and conventional goat milk. Tetracycline antibiotic residues were found in one sample (5.56%) of organic goat milk, and macrolides residues were found in two samples (11.11%) of conventional goat milk. Pb residue in organic goat milk is 50 ppb while conventional goat milk is 80 ppb. Residue As in organic goat milk is 70 ppb while conventional goat milk is 110 ppb. Conclusion: There was no chemical composition (fat, protein, and lactose) difference between organic and conventional goat milk. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) in organic goat milk is higher than conventional goat milk. Pesticide residues are not found in both organic and conventional goat milk. Tetracycline antibiotics were found in organic goat milk and macrolide antibiotic groups found in conventional goat milk. Pb and As residues were found in both organic goat milk and conventional goat milk. Keywords: antibiotic, chemical composition, goat milk, heavy metal, pesticide.
A BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR E OS SUJEITOS QUE DIRECIONAM A POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL BRASILEIRA
Authors: Caetano Maria Raquel
Published: August 2019

O artigo apresenta como objetivo mapear e problematizar quem são os sujeitos que influenciaram a construção e a implementação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) por meio da inserção de propostas privadas no processo. A BNCC é uma demanda da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional e uma agenda do Plano Nacional de Educação. Em 2013, surge o Movimento pela Base Nacional Comum coordenado e financiado pela Fundação Lemann, entre outros, orientando a política educacional brasileira, trazendo consequências para o conteúdo educacional.
Articulações entre Ciberacontecimentos e Publicidade em Redes Digitais
Authors: Gonzatti Christian
Published: August 2019

O artigo pretende analisar as dinâmicas publicitárias que perpassam as lógicas de emergência dos ciberacontecimentos. Através de múltiplos casos, percebe-se que os acontecimentos tramados em redes digitais podem se configurar como possibilidade para o espalhamento de anúncios de marcas/empresas, assim como a visibilidade desses anúncios também pode motorizar a emergência de acontecimentos. Essas processualidades estão inscritas em um cenário complexo, no qual os consumidores/públicos podem reconfigurar a visibilidade e a imagem de instituições mercadológicas.
K-means Clustering Algorithm: Efficient Implementation on Graphics Processing Units
Authors: Aggarwal Kunjan , Chaudhuri Mainak
Published: August 2019

Data analysis and classification play a big role in understanding various real life phenomena. Clustering helps analyze data with little or no prior knowledge about it. K-means clustering is a popular clustering algorithm with applications to computer vision, data mining, data visualization, etc.. Due to continuously increasing data volume, parallel computing is necessary to overcome the computational challenges involved in K-means clustering. We present the design and implementation of Kmeans clustering algorithm on widely available graphics processing units (GPUs), which have the required hardware architecture to meet these parallelism needs. We analyze the scalability of our proposed methods with increase in number and dimensionality of data points as well as the number of clusters. We also compare our results with current best available implementations on GPUs and a 24-way threaded parallel CPU implementation. We achieved a consistent speedup of 6.5x over the parallel CPU implementation.
Opioid-Induced Esophageal Dysfunction: Differential Effects of Type and Dose
Authors: Snyder Diana L. , Crowell Michael D. , Horsley-Silva Jennifer , Ravi Karthik , Lacy Brian E. , Vela Marcelo F.
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE:

Data regarding opioid effects on esophageal function are limited. We previously demonstrated an association between chronic opioid use and esophageal motor dysfunction characterized by esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, distal esophageal spasm, achalasia type III, and possibly Jackhammer esophagus. Our aim was to characterize the influence of different opioids and doses on esophageal dysfunction.

METHODS:

Retrospective review of 225 patients prescribed oxycodone, hydrocodone, or tramadol for >3 months, who completed high-resolution manometry from 2012 to 2017. Demographic and manometric data were extracted from a prospectively maintained motility database. Frequency of opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction (OIED, defined as distal esophageal spasm, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction, achalasia type III, or Jackhammer esophagus on high-resolution manometry, was compared among different opioids. The total 24-hour opioid doses for oxycodone, hydrocodone, and tramadol were converted to a morphine equivalent for dose effect analysis.

RESULTS:

OIED was present in 24% (55 of 225) of opioid users. OIED was significantly more prevalent with oxycodone or hydrocodone use compared with tramadol (31% vs 28% vs 12%, P = 0.0162), and for oxycodone alone vs oxycodone with acetaminophen (43% vs 21%, P = 0.0482). There was no difference in OIED for patients taking hydrocodone alone vs hydrocodone with acetaminophen. Patients with OIED were taking a higher median 24-hour opioid dose than those without OIED (45 vs 30 mg, P = 0.058).

DISCUSSION:

OIED is more prevalent in patients taking oxycodone or hydrocodone compared with tramadol. There is greater likelihood of OIED developing with higher doses. Reducing the opioid dose or changing to tramadol may reduce OIED in opioid users.
Fluxograma do Diagnóstico e Tratamento do Sorriso Gengival
Authors: Câmara Carlos Alexandre
Published: August 2019

"O “sorriso gengival” (sorriso alto) talvez seja o dilema estético mais comentado, estudado e apresentado na Odontologia. Na Ortodontia, também ocupa lugar de destaque, uma vez que várias das suas características são formadas por componentes dentofaciais."
Uma forma simples e eficiente para evitar irritações na pele durante a utilização de máscaras faciais
Authors: Caldas Luciana Duarte , Nigri Anna Paula , Souza Margareth Maria Gomes de , Bolognese Ana Maria
Published: August 2019

"Realizar o tratamento precoce da má oclusão esquelética e dentária de Classe III durante a dentição mista requer, muitas vezes, a utilização de máscaras faciais para protração maxilar. Esse tipo de abordagem terapêutica proporciona uma força anterior na maxila e está indicado em pacientes com necessidade de modificação na orientação do crescimento facial. Entretanto, a técnica para protração maxilar apresenta limitações, como: resistência dos pacientes, em virtude das proporções do aparelho; uso intensivo, normalmente de 12 a 16h diárias; forças elevadas, para que um maior efeito esquelético seja alcançado; e irritações na pele nas regiões de apoio do aparelho, sobretudo o queixo, devido à grande compressão ou pela sensibilidade ao material utilizado na sua fabricação. Pensando nisso, e tentando buscar maior conforto e alívio durante essa fase do tratamento, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi apresentar uma forma simples, prática e eficiente de minimizar a ocorrência de irritações na pele dos pacientes que fazem uso de dispositivos para protração maxilar, sejam eles máscaras faciais (Petit, Delaire, Tubinger, Grummons e Turley) ou Skyhook."
Miniplacas e aparelho autoligável para correção de mordida aberta anterior e cruzada posterior: estudo de caso
Authors: Barbosa Francielen Prates Ferreira , Araújo Vânia Eloísa de , Silva Rodrigo Romano da
Published: August 2019

A mordida aberta anterior comumente está associada à mordida cruzada posterior. Há várias possibilidades terapêuticas para correção dessas deformidades, entre elas a ancoragem esquelética. Os aparelhos autoligáveis possibilitam a diminuição do atrito, facilitando a correção transversal por expansão da arcada superior. O presente artigo descreve o tratamento realizado em um paciente adulto, Face Longa, que apresentava uma má oclusão de Classe I de Angle, mordida cruzada posterior bilateral e mordida aberta anterior. Foi realizada a intrusão dos molares superiores, com ancoragem em miniplacas de titânio associadas ao aparelho autoligável SLI (Morelli Ortodontia, Sorocaba/SP, Brasil) com fios expandidos, para correção da mordida aberta anterior e adequação transversal, com acompanhamento da estabilidade do tratamento após três anos de controle. Os resultados sugeriram que as miniplacas promoveram pouca intrusão dos molares superiores e o fechamento da mordida se deu, em grande parte, pela extrusão dos dentes anteriores. Os braquetes autoligáveis associados a fios de CuNiTi expandidos promoveram uma expansão transversal limitada, sem a completa correção da mordida cruzada posterior. Ficou claro, no presente caso clínico, que essas mecânicas não foram as principais responsáveis ou, ainda, apresentaram limitações para a correção plena da má oclusão. Após três anos de controle, observou-se instabilidade dos resultados obtidos, ocorrendo uma discreta abertura da mordida anterior
Complicações decorrentes da expansão rápida da maxila com aparelho dentomucossuportado: relato de quatro casos clínicos
Authors: Caldas Luciana Duarte , Bittencourt Marcos Alan Vieira , Torres Sandra Regina
Published: August 2019

Introdução: em pacientes que apresentam mordida cruzada posterior e/ou atresia maxilar, a expansão rápida da maxila (ERM) é, geralmente, o tratamento ortodôntico de escolha, seja em crianças, adolescentes ou adultos jovens. Esse tipo de terapia requer a confecção de aparelho ortodôntico/ortopédico, muitas vezes dentomucossuportado e com ativações diárias. Objetivo: o presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever quatro casos clínicos que apresentaram complicações decorrentes do procedimento de ERM, com a formação de lesões na mucosa palatina e a posterior reparação espontânea dessas lesões após a remoção da aparelhagem ortodôntica. Conclusão: o suporte mucoso fornecido pela inserção da estrutura de acrílico pode provocar a formação de lesões na mucosa palatina, em função da compressão dos tecidos moles dessa região.
An update on preoperative assessment of the resectability of advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Kadhel Philippe , Revaux Aurélie , Carbonnel Marie , Naoura Iptissem , Asmar Jennifer , Ayoubi Jean Marc
Published: August 2019

The best prognosis for advanced ovarian cancer is provided by no residual disease after primary cytoreductive surgery. It is thus important to be able to predict resectability that will result in complete cytoreduction, while avoiding unnecessary surgery that may leave residual disease. No single procedure appears to be sufficiently accurate and reliable to predict resectability. The process should include a preoperative workup based on clinical examination, biomarkers, especially tumor markers, and imaging, for which computed tomography, as well as sonography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron-emission tomography, can be used. This workup should provide sufficient information to determine whether complete cytoreduction is possible or if not, to propose neoadjuvant chemotherapy which is preferable in this case. For the remaining patients, laparoscopy is broadly recommended as an ultimate triage step. However, its modalities are still debated, and several scores have been proposed for standardization and improving accuracy. The risk of false negatives requires a final assessment of resectability as the first stage of cytoreductive surgery by laparotomy. Composite models, consisting of several criteria of workup and, sometimes, laparoscopy have been proposed to improve the accuracy of the predictive process. Regardless of the modality, the process appears to be accurate and reliable for predicting residual disease but less so for predicting complete cytoreduction and thus avoiding unnecessary surgery and an inappropriate treatment strategy. Overall, the proposed procedures are heterogeneous, sometimes unvalidated, or do not consider advances in surgery. Future techniques and/or models are still needed to improve the prediction of complete resectability.
Acidic Functionalized Nanobohemite: An Active Catalyst for Methyl Ester Production
Authors: Hosseini Shokoufe , Moradi G. R. , Bahrami Kiumars
Published: August 2019

In the biodiesel production, acidic catalysts are ideally suitable for reacting with different oil sources at various free acid levels. On the other hand, the nanocatalysts can easily be propagated in the reaction medium and provide more accessible active sites for reaction. The aim of this work was to synthesize an acidic nanocatalyst based on boehmite nanoparticles then studying it to biodiesel production from soybean oil. Up to now, no reports were found on biodiesel production by this catalyst. After the synthesis and characterization of the catalyst, using response surface methodology (RSM), the optimized conditions for transesterification were 4.87 wt.% for catalyst dosage, 13:1 for the molar ratio of methanol to oil, 60 °C for reaction temperature, and 3 h for reaction time. At the optimal point, the production yield was 99.8 %. After six consecutive use of the catalyst, the yield dropped slightly (88 %). Consequently, the catalyst can be employed efficiently several runs in the production process.
Unraveling the leaf-dropping behavior behind bat folivory: do bats use biological control against roost parasites?
Authors: Muñoz-Romo Mariana , Ramoni-Perazzi Paolo
Published: August 2019

Folivory in bats, the behavior of chewing bites of leaves to extract the liquid portion and discard the fiber as oral pellets, is seen as a strategy that might provide vitamins, micronutrients and proteins not always available in fruits, and even secondary metabolites (hormonal precursors) that stimulate/inhibit reproductive processes. While examining chewed leaves, we noticed an important amount of completely intact leaves below the roosts of Artibeus amplus and Artibeus lituratus, and decided to systematically quantify them during a year. We recovered 639 intact leaves from six plant species and found that both species are constantly feeding on leaves, but invariably leaving 26–78% of these intact, dropping them on the floor just below their roosting sites. These large proportions of dropped, intact leaves suggest a completely different, novel, non-nutritional use by bats. Several studies in birds have revealed that fresh leaves are effectively used in nests to control diverse organisms that include blood suckling ectoparasites, protozoans, fungus and bacteria. We report for the first time this biological control behavior performed by bats by selecting, bringing and dropping intact leaves below their roosting sites. The chemical properties of the leaves need to be investigated to reveal those active components against specific pathogens.
Weight reduction of a carbon fibre composite wheel
Authors: Czypionka Stefan , Kienhöfer Frank
Published: August 2019

The wheel of a passenger vehicle must be designed to be safe and light. Despite the tremendous potential of carbon fibre as an automotive material due to high strength and low weight, the prevalence of carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) in vehicle wheels is limited. Manufacturing and testing CFRP prototypes is expensive. Thus it is advantageous to develop simulation models for composite weight reduction. The simulation models can provide insight into how lighter CFRP wheels can be designed. This study presents the design development of a CFRP wheel for a high-performance roadster; the CFRP wheel is offered by an automotive manufacturer as a high-performance option instead of aluminium wheels. Finite element (FE) simulations were initially conducted assuming an isotropic material. This initial model was used to eliminate stress concentrations and to design and manufacture an initial CFRP wheel. The CFRP wheel weight is 6.8 kg as compared to the original aluminium wheel which weighs 8.1 kg. This initial design passed the dynamic cornering fatigue test (the most stringent strength test for wheels). Thereafter the wheel was instrumented with strain gauges and a bending moment was applied to the hub using a custom-built test rig. The test rig produced a static load equivalent to the dynamic cornering fatigue test (in which the applied bending moment varies sinusoidally). The test rig allowed for the deflection of the load arm to be measured. The comparison of the experimentally measured strains and an FE model which includes the CFRP laminate properties showed good agreement. Two alternative laminate options were simulated using the FE model. These showed both an increase in stiffness and a calculated weight reduction. This study shows that an aluminium wheel for a high-performance roadster can be redesigned using CFRP to be 16% lighter and using a FE model a further 152 g weight reduction is possible (18% weight reduction in total when compared to the aluminium wheel).
Rúfus-Rezeption im deutschen Sprachraum. Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Richter Ludwig
Published: August 2019

Milan Rúfus (1928–2009) is one of the most received Slovak poets in the German-speaking world. Hitherto 150 of his poems have been translated into German and published in 14 anthologies as well as two single volumes. His reception in the German language area is presented chronologically, taking into consideration the respective occasions and literary coherences. Moreover, the linguistic solutions of the German translations and their relation to the original as well as among each other will be examined by considering selected examples.
Zum Problem der Palatalisierung und Depalatalisierung aus merkmalsgeometrischer Sicht am Beispiel des Russischen
Authors: Mende Philipp
Published: August 2019

Although the theory of distinctive features, developed in SPE by Chomsky & Halle (1968) and later on reformed by Sagey (1986) and McCarthy (1988), provides a general description of phonemes from an articulatory point of view, it displays significant uncertainties when employed for Russian. These could be summarized in two points: first, which feature leads to a distinctive palatalization correlation of the phonemes and, second, which feature triggers the phonological processes of palatalization and depalatalization assimilation. In this work, these issues are discussed and clarified by means of the feature-geometric description of the two processes for Russian. Then, a differentiated description of the named phonological processes from a feature-geometric point of view is suggested and a differentiated phoneme inventory of Russian is developed.
Performing Diplomatic Relations: Music and East German Foreign Policy in the Middle East during the Late 1960s
Authors: Kelly Elaine
Published: August 2019

Music provided the German Democratic Republic (GDR) with a crucial international platform during the Cold War. Denied diplomatic recognition by most Western nations until the early 1970s, the state depended on artists to negotiate its image abroad and channeled considerable resources to this end. This article explores how the GDR tried to expedite diplomatic relations with Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon in the late 1960s through an intensive program of musical activity, which included attempts to send East German musical “experts” to Cairo and Damascus, and the organization of state-funded tours to the region by high-profile ensembles such as the Dresdner Philharmonie, the Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Leipzig, the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig, and the Deutsche Staatsoper. Examining variously the politics of cultural transfer that these activities entailed, the economics involved, and the power dynamics that played out in the relations between the GDR and Egypt, in particular, the article illuminates the way music diplomacy functioned between Cold War periphery states. Notably, cultural exchange between the GDR and the Arab nations was shaped as much by discourses of postcolonialism, anti-imperialism, and anti-Zionism as it was by any binary opposition of Marxist-Leninism and capitalist democracy.
ANNIVERSARY REVIEW: Octreotide, 40 years later
Authors: Lamberts Steven W J , Hofland Leo J
Published: August 2019

Octreotide remains 40 years after its development a drug, which is commonly used in the treatment of acromegaly and GEP-NETs. Very little innovation that competes with this drug occurred over this period. This review discusses several aspects of 40 years of clinical use of octreotide, including the application of radiolabeled forms of the peptide.
D-Asp upregulates PREP and GluA2/3 expressions and induces p-ERK1/2 and p-Akt in rat testis
Authors: Santillo Alessandra , Venditti Massimo , Minucci Sergio , Chieffi Baccari Gabriella , Falvo Sara , Rosati Luigi , Di Fiore Maria Maddalena
Published: August 2019

D-Aspartate (D-Asp) is an endogenous amino acid that plays a central role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and functioning of the neuroendocrine system. In line with its functions, it is abundantly present in the CNS and reproductive systems of vertebrates and invertebrates. It has been implicated in the biosynthesis and/or secretion of hormones and factors that are involved in various reproductive functions, such as GnRH from the hypothalamus and testosterone from the testis. We conducted an in vivo study consisting of acute (i.p. injection of 2 µmol/g body weight) and chronic (15 days drinking solution) administration of D-Asp to adult rats to understand the signaling pathways elicited by D-Asp in the rat testis. We found that D-Asp upregulated the expression of prolyl endopeptidase (PREP), a serine protease having a pivotal role in the regulation of mammalian spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed its overexpression in Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. Moreover, PREP was found to co-localize with GluA2/3, an AMPA receptor subunit, whose protein expression also increased after D-Asp treatments. Finally, we found a significant increase in ERK and Akt activities in the testis of rats treated with D-Asp. Since PREP is known to be involved in regulating GnRH levels and in germ cell differentiation, we hypothesize D-Asp to play a pivotal role in regulating hormone homeostasis and spermatogenesis through activation of PREP, AMPAR, ERK and Akt.
Tamamlanamamış Bir Şerhin İzinde: Sıyânetü Sahîhi Müslim
Authors: KARAGÖZOĞLU Mustafa Macit
Published: August 2019

İbnü’s-Salâh’a
(ö. 643/1245) ait
tamamlanamamış bir şerh olan Sıyânetü Sahîhi Müslim, küçük hacmine
rağmen Müslim b. el-Haccâc’ın (ö. 261/875) el-Müsnedü’s-sahîh’i üzerine
gerçekleştirilmiş çok sayıdaki çalışmanın en önemlilerinden biridir. Sahîh’in
tertibi, muhtevası, sıhhat şartları ve rivayet tarihi gibi konularda bilgi
içeren eser, kitabın baş tarafından 157 hadisi şerh etmiştir. Taşıdığı öneme
rağmen eserin muhtevası hakkında detaylı bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Ayrıca
bilhassa Türkçe literatürde eserin ait olduğu türle ilgili bir belirsizlik
gözlenmektedir. Sıyâne’nin tamamlanamamış bir şerh kitabı olduğunu iddia
eden makale bu şerhin temel karakteristiklerini tespit etmekte ve diğer şerhler
üzerindeki etkisine ışık tutmaktadır.

Sıyâne, Sahîh
hakkında verdiği kıymetli bilgilerin yanı sıra eserin farklı nüshaları arasında
mukayeseler yapması, râvilerin ve diğer kelimelerin doğru okunuşu üzerinde
hassasiyetle durması ve önceki âlimlerin görüşlerini eleştirel bir gözle ele
almasıyla öne çıkar. Yazıldığı dönemden itibaren ciddi bir alaka gören eser, Sahîh
hakkında temel başvuru kaynaklarından biri olmuş, klasik dönemden Muhyiddin
en-Nevevî (ö. 676/1277) ve çağdaş
dönemden Muhammed el-Vellevî başta olmak üzere Müslim şârihleri tarafından
yoğun olarak kullanılmıştır. Şârihler Sıyâne’den başlıca iki şekilde
istifade etmişlerdir. İlk olarak onlar, şerhlerine yazdıkları önsözlerde Sahîh
hakkında bilgi verirken Sıyâne’ye dayanmışlardır. Sahîh’in
rivayeti, tertibi, başlıkları, hadislerinin bilgi değeri ve üzerine yapılan
çalışmalar, bu konulardan bazılarıdır. İkinci olarak Sıyâne, hadisler
hakkında yaptığı açıklama ve teviller ile başvuru mercii olmuştur. Henüz
başlardayken yarım kaldığı için Sıyâne’ye yönelik bu türden atıflar,
ilgili şerhlerin ilk ciltlerinde toplanmıştır.

Makale,
eserin yazıldığı tarihî bağlama ışık tutmak üzere İbnü’s-Salâh’ın rivayet
kitaplarıyla irtibatı üzerinde durmuştur. Horasan seyahati sayesinde hadis
kitapları ve Sahîh-i Müslim ile ilgili ciddi bir birikim oluşturan
İbnü’s-Salâh, Sahîh’i burada Ebü’l-Kasım Mansur b. Abdülmünʻim el-Fürâvî
(ö. 608/1212) ve Ebü’l-Hasan Müeyyed b. Muhammed et-Tûsî’den (ö. 617/1220)
okumuştur. Seyahat sonrası değişik medreselerde görev yapan İbnü’s-Salâh, Sıyâne’yi
Eşrefiyye Dârülhadisi’nde görev yaptığı döneme denk gelen, ömrünün son on
yıllık zaman diliminde yazmıştır. Eser büyük ihtimalle İbnü’s-Salâh’ın,
talebelerine Sahîh’i okutma faaliyetinin bir ürünü olarak ortaya
çıkmıştır. Tamamlansaydı Kadı İyâz (ö.
544/1149) ve Nevevî’nin şerhlerinin seviyesine ulaşabilecek bir eser olacağı, kaleme
alınmış kısımdan anlaşılmaktadır. Eser, mevcut haliyle de araştırmacıların
dikkatini hak etmektedir.
The Oortsog Peridotite–Troctolite–Gabbro Intrusion, Western Mongolia:New Petrological and Geochronological Constraints
Authors: Shapovalova M.O. , Tolstykh N.D. , Shelepaev R.A. , Tsibizov L.V.
Published: August 2019

—New petrological, isotope-geochronological, and geophysical data reveal two phases of magmatism in the Oortsog mafic–ultramafic intrusion in Western Mongolia. The intrusion consists of (i) rhythmically layered peridotite gabbro (278.7 ± 2.5 Ma) and (ii) poorly differentiated biotite-containing amphibole–olivine gabbro and gabbronorite (272 ± 2 Ma). The inverse upward succession from leucocratic to melanocratic lithologies within each rhythm indicates that the intrusion was tectonically overturned. The earlier rocks (phase 1) have lower contents of major oxides (Na2O + K2O, TiO2, and P2O5) than the later ones (phase 2) and show different patterns of incompatible elements. The intrusive rocks of phases 1 and 2 were derived from depleted (positive εNd) and enriched (negative εNd) mantle sources, respectively. The calculated parental melts of both phases belong to picritic (Mg-rich) basaltic magma. More insight into the intrusion structure was gained by mapping magnetic anomalies.
Delivery Room Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Pneumothorax
Authors: Smithhart William , Wyckoff Myra H. , Kapadia Vishal , Jaleel Mambarambath , Kakkilaya Venkatakrishna , Brown L. Steven , Nelson David B. , Brion Luc P.
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND:

In 2011, the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) added consideration of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for spontaneously breathing infants with labored breathing or hypoxia in the delivery room (DR). The objective of this study was to determine if DR-CPAP is associated with symptomatic pneumothorax in infants 35 to 42 weeks’ gestational age.

METHODS:

We included (1) a retrospective birth cohort study of neonates born between 2001 and 2015 and (2) a nested cohort of those born between 2005 and 2015 who had a resuscitation call leading to admission to the NICU and did not receive positive-pressure ventilation.

RESULTS:

In the birth cohort (n = 200 381), pneumothorax increased after implementation of the 2011 NRP from 0.4% to 0.6% (P < .05). In the nested cohort (n = 6913), DR-CPAP increased linearly over time (r = 0.71; P = .01). Administration of DR-CPAP was associated with pneumothorax (odds ratio [OR]: 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4–6.8); the OR was higher (P < .001) in infants receiving 21% oxygen (OR: 8.5; 95% CI: 5.9–12.3; P < .001) than in those receiving oxygen supplementation (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.5–5.0; P < .001). Among those with DR-CPAP, pneumothorax increased with gestational age and decreased with oxygen administration.

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of DR-CPAP is associated with increased odds of pneumothorax in late-preterm and term infants, especially in those who do not receive oxygen in the DR. These findings could be used to clarify NRP guidelines regarding DR-CPAP in late-preterm and term infants.
MODERN AND RAPID METHODS FOR TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF FOODSTUFFS WITH BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION
Authors: Yordanova Rozalina , Kichukova Katya
Published: August 2019

Foodborne illnesses are a widespread problem throughout the world. Food poisoning due to bacterial toxins can be caused by the ingestion of exotoxins which are preformed in the food, or by the ingestion of food containing large numbers of bacterial cells which then release endotoxins in the gastrointestinal tract. Early methods for the assay of bacteria toxins were based on in vivo or in vitro tests. Later, immunological tests were developed based on techniques such as gel diffusion. Different types of methods have been developed for the detection of toxin genes and their toxic products. These methods include the detection of toxin genes by amplification methods and hybridization probing. There are now a number of rapid test kits available which give results within hours and are much simpler to perform and interpret than bioassays.
IMPACT OF THE NORM ON THE EXPLOITATION CHARACTERISTICS OF AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Davcev Zivko
Published: August 2019

The paper describes the results obtained from the questionnaires of four groups of tractor drivers by age structure related to the relationship during the exploitation of tractors and agricultural machinery. However, remarks and their opinions were taken with recommendations which should and how to change in the modern way in the exploitation of agricultural mechanization. With a special aspect of handling, maintenance, seen from the expertise and age structure of the tractor drivers themselves. An important segment occupies the set norm and the personal income of the tractor drivers themselves. It is a trend in introducing a new technique in agriculture, with modern, more productive. Which requires changing the norms, but it also requires changing the monthly income of the tractor drivers themselves. This is a very interesting factor that directly affects the storage and maintenance of agricultural machinery. It also depends on the appearance of defects as well as the total costs of servicing and repairs. That is why we took up the analysis of this issue, because one thing is related to each other and at the end of the year an analysis is made of the total costs that always appear in the exploitation as planned and unplanned and always arise as a result of less or greater concern of the immediate handlers. The problem is very interesting and from the aspect of education, which category of tractor drivers with different education is easier to handle, what kind of receipts are received and the attitude of the man to the machine. It is also interesting and contemporary issues, because in practice we are introducing more modern machines with abundant electronics and computerization that have already received very good trainings. Basically, if production technology changes due to modern agricultural machinery, then there is a necessity in changing the set norms and personal income.
STUDY ON THE METHOD OF GRAIN HARVESTER HOPPER UNLOADING AND FULL HOPPER SIGNALLING USED
Authors: Tihanov Galin , Petkova Gergana , Tsatsarov Mihail
Published: August 2019

The paper presents a study on the method of grain harvester hopper unloading and the full hopper signalling used. The studies were conducted on 42 farms. Of these, it was found that only 9% of the farms were unloaded on the move, in the remaining 91% the harvesters unloaded at standstill. It has been found that on the studied farms harvesters used the following types of full hopper signalling: no automatic signalling (signalling by stopping and opening of the unloading screw) - 8%; with one level of automatic signalling - 6%; with two levels of automatic signalling - 73%; do not use signalling, but go out for unloading at the end of the field after filling the hopper - 13%. Harvesters that had to alert the vehicle for full grain hopper were a total of 62, 84% of which having two levels of automatic signalling, 6% with one level of automatic signalling and 10% without signalling.