bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management Motivation for Using Financial Derivatives in Australia
Authors: Benson Karen , Oliver Barry
Published: January 2010

This study takes a direct approach to determine management motivation for the use of financial derivatives. We survey a sample of Australian firms on attitudes to derivative use and financial risk management. Management views are sought on the importance of a series of theoretical reasons for using derivatives. Generally, we find that managers are focused on the broad reduction of risk and volatility of cash flows and earnings in using derivatives. Specific issues such as reducing bankruptcy costs, debt levels and taxation are not considered as important. A further interesting result from this research is that even though firms may use derivatives they may not necessarily hedge all of their annual exposures across different financial risks. This helps explain the inconsistency of results in many empirical studies on the determinants of derivative use.
The Impact of Takeover Offer Timing on the Measurement of Australian Bidder Gains: 1976 to 1995
Authors: Simmonds David P.
Published: January 2010

This paper demonstrates that the measurement of investor reactions to bidder offers is intimately affected by the endogenous nature of bidding. Bidding activity is not random. Offers are made at times that suit bidders. We show that bidder characteristics before an offer differ markedly from those of other firms and that these differences significantly impact on naïve inferences of shareholder reactions to an offer. When appropriate adjustments are made to properly control for pre-offer characteristics, bidding shareholders are found to enjoy significant wealth increases.
The Profitability of Merger Arbitrage: Some Australian Evidence
Authors: Maheswaran Krishnan , Yeoh Soon Chin
Published: January 2010

In this paper we examine the risk-adjusted profitability of merger arbitrage in Australia. Using a sample of 193 merger and acquisition bids from January 1991 to April 2000, we construct a time series of returns on equal and value-weighted merger arbitrage portfolios. Benchmarking the returns on the merger arbitrage portfolios against the CAPM and Fama and French (1993) three-factor models, we find that merger arbitrage generates statistically and economically significant excess risk-adjusted returns before transaction costs, ranging from 0.84% to 1.20% per month. However, after adjusting for transaction costs, the risk-adjusted returns are no longer statistically significant Further, in contrast to the United States, our evidence indicates that merger arbitrage in Australia is a market-neutral investment strategy. Indeed, the results from our estimations of the linear CAPM and Fama and French (1993) three-factor models suggest that merger arbitrage returns are not significantly sensitive to market-wide factors.
The Organizational Culture Profile Revisited and Revised: An Australian Perspective
Authors: Sarros James C. , Gray Judy , Densten Iain L. , Cooper Brian
Published: January 2010

This paper examines the development and validation of an updated version of the Organizational Culture Profile (OCP) (O'Reilly, Chatman & Caldwell 1991). The current study aimed to overcome the limitations associated with the Q-sort methodology used in earlier versions by developing an instrument based on a Likert-type scale and using a large, Australia-wide sample of executives (N = 1918). Confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS (Arbuckle & Wothke 1999) was used to test the theoretically-derived factor structure. The psychometric properties of the seven-factor instrument were examined and provided evidence of the reliability and validity of the OCP. Using confirmatory factor analyses, competing models were specified and assessed according to a range of fit indices. A higher-order model produced the most parsimonious solution and indicated that innovation appeared to play a pivotal role in terms of executive perceptions of organizational culture. The further development of a rigorous instrument to evaluate perceptions of culture should encourage researchers and practitioners to use the instrument for empirical and diagnostic purposes.
The Determinants of Capital Structure for Australian Multinational and Domestic Corporations
Authors: Akhtar Shumi
Published: January 2010

This study considers the significance of the determinants of capital structure on a sample of Australian multinational and domestic corporations from 1992 to 2001. The results show that the level of leverage does not differ significantly between multinational and domestic corporations. Using cross-sectional Tobit regression analysis, the results show that, for both types of corporations, growth, profitability and size are significant determinants of leverage. Collateral value of assets is a significant determinant of leverage for domestic corporations. For multinationals, bankruptcy costs and the level of geographical diversification are significant. Surprisingly, bankruptcy costs are not significant for domestic corporations. In relation to interaction effects, bankruptcy costs and profitability are significant in explaining multinational leverage relative to domestic leverage. When industry effects are considered, the significance of the original determinants remains unchanged, but some industries became significant. Finally, the determinants of capital structure and leverage varied over the sample period for both multinational and domestic corporations.
Top Management Turnover: An Examination of Portfolio Holdings and Fund Performance
Authors: Gallagher David R. , Nadarajah Prashanthi , Pinnuck Matt
Published: January 2010

We examine the performance and portfolio characteristics of actively managed equity funds impacted by top management turnover. Utilizing a unique database of monthly portfolio holdings, our study finds that, post-replacement, previously poor performing funds experience improved returns. However, this improved performance is not attributable to superior stock selection skill. We also find these new managers decrease the fund's reliance on momentum strategies and decrease the portfolio's concentration, which then leads to a reduced tracking-error volatility. Prior to the replacement event, underperforming investment managers exhibit preferences for larger, growth-oriented stocks, as well as riding momentum strategies and increasing portfolio turnover.
Is There a Cultural Divide in Australian International Trade?
Authors: Brewer Paul , Sherriff Garry
Published: January 2010

During the 1990's there was considerable debate in Australia about the desirability or otherwise of changing the nation's official trade focus away from traditional trading partners in Western Europe and North America to Asian countries located within Australia's own East Asia/Pacific region. This paper analyses Australia's trade patterns to better understand whether the economic opportunities that have emerged with East Asia's growth have trumped the nation's close historical, cultural and political relationships with Western Europe and North America. An analysis of cultural differences and trade indicates that culture plays little if any part in Australia's national trade outcomes, and that Australia's international trade interests are much more closely aligned with East Asia than cultural argument might have predicted.
The Interaction Between Domain-Relevant Knowledge and Control System Design on Creativity
Authors: Wynder Monte
Published: January 2010

I examine the effect of control system design, under conditions of high and low domain-relevant knowledge, on creativity. The results indicate that process-based control impedes creativity when domain-relevant knowledge is high, but may increase creativity when domain-relevant knowledge is low. Employees can be an important source of improvement opportunities within organisations. The results highlight that special care should be taken, however, to establish appropriate controls based on the level of domain-relevant knowledge that they possess.
The Influence of Analyst and Management Forecasts on Investor Decision Making: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Chang Millicent , Ng Juliana , Yu Karen
Published: January 2010

Analyst and management forecasts signal a firm's future prospects, and research suggests that investors are conscious of the differing incentives to release news. We examine investor reaction to the information contained in these forecasts by considering whether decisions about their shareholdings are influenced by expectations about the motives of analysts and management. Using an experiment that manipulated the type of news released and investors' stock position, we found that unfavourable forecasts had a greater effect than favourable forecasts. Investors also place more emphasis on the news released by analysts, suggesting that information from an independent source appears to be more persuasive.
International Civil Aviation Policy Options
Authors: Findlay Christopher C.
Published: January 2010

Welfare of air transport consumers depends on the money price of travel and the quality of service. These aspects are summarised in a consumer welfare measure which, combined with measures of producer rents, is used to compare some international civil aviation policy options. These are the current regime, open skies (with subsidies where necessary), deregulation of fares and deregulation of capacity. The cheapest way of pursuing public interest goals is found to be a combination of open skies and subsidies where necessary. It is pointed out that operation of the subsidy policy is not straight-forward but could be implemented by a bidding system. Also cooperation between countries will be required to avoid the ever-present tendency to return to regulation like the current regime.
Scale Economies in the N.S.W. Permanent Building Society Industry
Authors: Crapp Harvey R.
Published: January 2010

The cost relationships of Building Societies in New South Wales are examined with a view to determining the existence of scale economies. A series of cost equations for each year from 1976 to 1980 inclusive are estimated assuming the underlying production function is Cobb-Douglas. Through the process of examining these cost relationships a rigorous methodology for evaluating scale economies is developed. The existence of scale economies is established as well as a marginal decline in the magnitude of scale economies over the study period.
The Distribution of Stock Market Returns: Tests of Normality
Authors: Stokie Michael D.
Published: January 2010

The adequacy of the normal distribution as a representation for security returns is reconsidered. Findings of non-normality in earlier tests are attributed to a high incidence of zero returns and parameter non-stationarity. Monthly log-returns of leading Australian securities over five-year periods are compatible with the normal distribution.
The Effect of Consolidated Statements on Loan Officers' Assessments of Ability to Repay
Authors: Walker R. G. , Wilkins Trevor , Zimmer Ian
Published: January 2010

The effect of consolidated statements on lenders' assessments of the capacity of members of groups of companies to repay term loans is investigated. Relevant accounting and banking literature is reviewed and a field experiment reported. Results indicate that the relevance of consolidated statements to this task is contingent on whether guarantees have been provided by a parent company, and the degree of default risk reflected by the applicant subsidiary's financial statements.
Distortions Created by Taxes Which are Options on Value Creation: The Australian Resources Rent Tax Proposal
Authors: Ball Ray , Bowers John
Published: January 2010

The proposed tax on economic rents earned from Australian resources investments is examined from the viewpoint of the economist's neutrality criterion. Proposed by Garnaut and Clunies-Ross (1975, 1977), the Resources Rent Tax is alleged to be neutral in that it is alleged not to inhibit or distort investment behaviour. We show that the proposed tax effectively is a call option on the value created by every individual resources project. By adapting the Black-Scholes (1973) call option valuation formula, we then demonstrate that the effective incidence of the tax depends upon each project's risks, life and viability. Hence, under conditions of risk, the Resources Rent Tax fails the neutrality criterion.
The Demand for Energy Used in Transport
Authors: Clements Kenneth W.
Published: January 2010

This paper uses recent data to measure the role of income and relative prices in determining the demand for four types of energy used in transport in Western Australia. The method relies on the construction of Divisia-type indices of the volume and price of energy. The short-term own-price elasticities were found to be quite low with the highest (-0.13) for Motor Spirit. Short-term income elasticities were found to be higher and in the range 0.25 to 0.37.
The Relation Between Profits and the Rate of Change of Money Wages in Australia
Authors: Siebert Calvin D. , Zaidi Mahmood A.
Published: January 2010

Wage determination has been the subject of an immense amount of study and controversy in recent years in Australia. In most of the Australian wage equations, either the profit variable has been omitted or specifically rejected. This study tests the hypothesis that the rate of change of money wages may be influenced by the profit variable. Our results show that profit is an important explanatory variable in the explanation of money wage change in Australia.
A New Statement of the Extended Capital Asset Pricing Model
Authors: van Zijl Tony
Published: January 2010

A fundamental feature of the CAPM is that the investor holds individual assets within a portfolio which is mean variance efficient. In the basic CAPM of Sharp, Lintner, and Mossin, this aspect is acknowledged by stating risk margins relative to an efficient portfolio. This paper proposes a similar statement for the extended CAPM. It is shown that the proposed statement leads to a generalised form of the risk decomposition associated with the basic model, and also facilitates development of a Capital Market Line for the extended model.
Television Viewing and ABC Program Policy: An Econometric Study
Authors: Withers Glenn
Published: January 2010

There has been a long-standing debate over whether the ABC should engage in programming that is directly competitive with commercial television stations. This study uses an econometric model of television viewing to examine determinants of television set ownership and use, of ABC viewing levels and of diversity in programming. It is established that complementary not competitive programming most enhances ABC viewing levels, though production of greater diversity of television programming may require higher levels of ABC expenditure.
Moulding Federal Arbitration: The Employers and the High Court 1903-1935–
Authors: Plowman David , Smith Graham F.
Published: January 2010

The passage of the Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904 did not establish a stable industrial tribunal system, or predispose Australia to a system of centralised industrial regulation. Instead, in the Arbitration Court's for Mative period, employer litigation and High Court decisions were as instrumental in shaping federal arbitration as was legislation. With High Court blessing employers succeeded in frustrating compulsory arbitration for over a decade. They established the legal superiority of collective bargaining over compulsory arbitration, and of state law and wages boards' determinations over awards of the federal system. After 1914, however, earlier gains were lost and the federal tribunals' pre-eminence was increasingly established. This High Court reversal reflected its changed composition. Following the failure of the Bruce-Page Government in 1929 to repeal the Act and the failure of non-Labor High Court appointments in the 1930s to reverse the growth of federal arbitration, employers finally accommodated federal arbitration.
Task Interdependence and Some Unanswered Issues About Goal-Setting Effects
Authors: Hirst Mark K.
Published: January 2010

Recent developments in the goal-setting literature have suggested a change in that area's research agenda. Specifically, theoretical developments, which examine how goal-setting affects perfor Mance, suggest that more attention be given to learning, task and chronic effects in goal-setting studies. This paper provides a detailed description of a research game that can be used to investigate these effects.
Takeovers and Corporate Raiders: Empirical Evidence from Extended Event Studies
Authors: Casey Roger , Dodd Peter , Dolan Phil
Published: January 2010

This paper extends the time frame of the traditional event-study methodology to provide a more precise measure of the wealth effects from corporate takeovers. The extended methodology is applied empirically to examine the observed abnormal returns surrounding corporate takeovers in Australia using daily price data. The wealth effects from takeovers involving corporate raiders as acquirors are also examined and compared to those involving non-raiding acquirors. It is found that takeovers initiated by both raiding and non-raiding firms result in significant positive abnormal returns, although acquiring raiders appear to capture more of those abnormal returns than do their non-raiding counterparts.
Road Haulage Deregulation in Australia: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Authors: Lubulwa A. S.G.
Published: January 2010

The purpose of this paper is to examine the economy-wide effects of deregulating goods haulage by road in Australia. The paper reviews the historical development of transport regulations in Australia and presents the partial equilibrium effects of transport deregulation as identified by the transport economics literature. The paper then adopts a general equilibrium approach in tracing the effects of deregulation.
Organisational Applications of Social Cognitive Theory
Authors: Bandura Albert
Published: January 2010

Social cognitive theory explains psychosocial functioning in terms of triadic reciprocal causation. In this causal model, behaviour, cognitive and other personal factors and environmental events all operate as interacting determinants that influence each other bidirectionally. This article focuses on how personal factors that contribute importantly to this dynamic interaction can be altered to improve the level of organisational functioning.
The Impact of Causal Attributions on Managers' Responses to Subordinate Poor Perfor Mance: An Exploratory Study Using Naturalistic Data
Authors: Schmidenberg Olive C. , Cordery John L.
Published: January 2010

Three exploratory hypotheses derived from Green and Mitchell's attributional model of leaders' responses to poor perfor Mance were investigated in a qualitative study and a naturalistic setting. Findings were that managers did attribute causes to poor perfor Mance. Attributions could also be classified into “internal” and “external” categories. However, results showed that responses were also often influenced by considerations other than causal factors, such as perceived responsibilities to staff, organisational constraints and the prognosis for future perfor Mance. Limitations of the study are then identified and discussed. Implications for the reliability of locus of attribution as an indicator of direction of response are discussed.
Psychological Approaches for Investigating Women's Career Advancement
Authors: Tharenou Phyllis
Published: January 2010

The investigation by psychologists of women's work-rôle achievements and career advancement, especially into the managerial rôle, is classified into two broad categories of conceptual approach. The traditional orientation, emphasising person-centred explanations for women's lack of advancement, is contrasted with the more contemporary approaches, which consider the person in relation to contextual factors. It is argued that social cognition theory, with its emphasis on the interplay between background or given influences, cognitive-personal factors, and environmental conditions presents a more useful psychological framework for research into women's career advancement.
Pre-Bid Acquisitions and Substantial Shareholder Notices
Authors: Bishop Steven R.
Published: January 2010

Share price changes of approximately 10–13% are found at the time of the announcement of substantial shareholdings. These price adjustments are interpreted as being consistent with the market reassessing the probability of an impending takeover offer rather than a reassessment of the underlying value of the target firm. Overall, there was little price response for acquiring firms although “raider” firms appeared to be positively revalued.
International Diversification and Estimation Risk: Australian Evidence
Authors: Izan H. Y. , Jalleh B. R. , Ong L. L.
Published: January 2010

This paper examines whether the benefits to the Australian investor from international diversification documented by previous Australian studies are still present when we control for estimation risk. The perfor Mance of the Bayes-Stein international portfolio which controls directly for such risk is compared to the perfor Mance of three other international portfolios and the Australian index. The results confirm the existence of those benefits: strategies that control for estimation risk dominate those that do not. Strategies that hedge against foreign currency fluctuations are also found to significantly dominate their unhedged counterpart.
A Security Analyst's Action Recommendations: An Application of Recursive Partitioning to Modelling Judgement
Authors: Howieson Bryan
Published: January 2010

This paper illustrates an approach to modelling judgement. Mathematically, derived sequential decision tree models of judgement are constructed using the Classification And Regression Tree (CART) algorithm developed by Breiman et al. (1984). This technique was selected because it attempts to combine the predictive power of regression based models with the descriptive appeal of decision tree models based on verbal protocols.

CART was used in the context of a study which attempted to model the decision processes used by the security analysts of a managed fund to make action recommendations. The CART model revealed that the decision processes of security analysts were complicated and that infor Mation was processed configurally. In general, the CART model achieved low error rates and had a predictive power that was at least equivalent if not better than multinomial LOGIT.
A Test of the Cost of Carry Relationship using 90‐Day Bank Accepted Bills and the All Ordinaries Share Price Index
Authors: Heaney Richard
Published: January 2010

Cross contract regression analysis provides a framework for testing the statistical fit of the cost of carry model in the financial futures contracts, the 90‐Day Bank Accepted Bill Futures contract and the Australian All Ordinaries Share Price Index Futures contract. The interest rate to maturity is a major factor in pricing the ninety day bank accepted bill futures contract consistent with simple cost of carry model yet the cost of carry model provides little explanatory power for the share price index futures contract.
Investment Earnings and the Characteristics of Life Insurance Firms: New Zealand Evidence
Authors: Adams Mike
Published: January 2010

This study examines the relationship between the investment earnings of life insurance firms in New Zealand and their organisational characteristics. Using data for the period 1988–1993, a pooled Weighted Least Squares regression model is estimated. Consistent with expectations, the empirical results indicate that investment earnings were higher for stock companies than for mutuals. They were also positively associated with the size, leverage and underwriting risk of life insurance firms. Life insurance firms holding proportionately more financial than non-financial assets have low investment yields. The liability structure of life insurance firms was unrelated to their investment earnings.
A Typology of Approaches to ISO Certification and TQM
Authors: Brown Alan , Wiele Ton van der
Published: January 2010

This paper reports on research which explores the links between quality assurance, or certification of the quality system according to the ISO 9000 (AS 3900) series and the broader approach of Total Quality Management. The first part of the paper outlines a typology of approaches to introducing TQM and ISO. Some organisations see ISO 9000 as an end in itself while others consider it to be the first step towards TQM. Others may have TQM firmly in place prior to embarking on certification. The second part of the paper applies the typology to data from a questionnaire survey of Western Australian organisations with ISO 9000 certification. Empirical support for several of the groups in the typology is found in this analysis.
The Pricing of SPI Futures Options with Daily Futures Style Margin Payments
Authors: Twite Garry
Published: January 2010

Empirical evidence on the pricing behaviour of options on index futures contracts traded on USA and UK futures markets reveals that pricing errors and implied volatility estimates differ systematically across exercise price and time to maturity. The introduction on 17 June 1985 of options on share price index futures contracts on the Sydney Futures Exchange, presents the opportunity to examine the pricing of pure futures options, that is, options with daily futures style margin payments. This paper examines the pricing of SPI futures options The results reveal that the pricing of SPI futures options is not well described by a pure futures option pricing model derived under the assumptions of frictionless markets and non-stochastic interest rates. The model underprices both call and put options. Further, implied volatility increases as the option becomes more in/out-of-the-money.
Human Factors in the Australian Construction Industry: Towards Total Quality Management
Authors: Jaafari Ali
Published: January 2010

This paper concerns the challenges of applying the principles of total quality management to construction projects, particularly from the stand point of the human factor. The work is based on two major studies carried out in 1993–1995, at industry and project level respectively. The last study particularly targeted construction workers and their perception of the usefulness of the QA systems in place on case projects, and whether or not there were concurrent attempts to achieve workers' empowerment on these projects. The findings are that: (i) while the quality assurance obligations to clients (under the ISO9000's series) are being met through the existing systems (which are largely quality control based), the benefits to contractors in terms of continuous improvement and cost savings have not materialised; (ii) the view from the construction pit on the usefulness of the current generation of quality assurance systems is in marked contrast to the aims and objectives of quality assurance Standards and TQM principles; (iii) the communication processes within industry and projects remain poor; (iv) in the rush to become ‘quality endorsed’ the training needs of the rank and file of the workforce have generally been forgotten; and (v) better strategies are needed to ‘sell’ the TQM concept to the rank and file in industry and develop means of implementing TQM at project level effectively, thereby achieving workers' empowerment.
Mispricing in Stock Index Futures: A Re‐Examination Using the SPI
Authors: Brailsford Tim , Hodgson Allan
Published: January 2010

This paper re‐examines and extends stock index futures pricing in Australia. The paper has two objectives. First, the paper provides a comprehensive examination of stock index futures pricing which is, as far as possible, free from method bias which has been problematic in previous studies. Second, the paper analyses the behaviour of the mispricing series in relation to a number of explanatory variables. The results indicate that a frequent but small mispricing series is prevalent and highly predictable. The series is related to time‐to‐expiry, which is consistent with the arbitrage position having an option component, and has a positive association with both volatility from the overnight US market and contemporaneous futures market volatility. Some institutional and time features are sample specific, whilst surprises in futures trading volume also have an impact on absolute mispricing. We conclude that the relationship between the markets is dynamic and likely to be driven by more complex nonlinear relationships.
Ownership Structure and Building Society Efficiency
Authors: Hutcheson Tiffany , Sharpe Ian G.
Published: January 2010

This paper investigates the effect of ownership structure on the cost efficiency of Australian building societies using the stochastic econometric frontier approach. Contrary to the expense preference hypothesis, mutually‐owned societies were found to be, on average, more cost efficient than those under stock ownership. Moreover, mutual and share‐owned societies have significantly different cost functions or production technologies. The results are consistent with the US results of Mester (1993).
An Analysis of Intraday Quoted Bid‐Ask Spreads in Futures Markets: Evidence from the Sydney Futures Exchange
Authors: Frino Alex , Stevenson Max , Duffy Matthew
Published: January 2010

Prior research documents an elevation in bid‐ask spreads at the open and close of trading in futures markets. These findings directly contradict prior literature examining option and equities markets organised as competitive dealer markets, which also document a widening in spreads at the open, but provide evidence of a narrowing at the close. While prior futures market literature has relied on various estimators of bid‐ask spreads, this is the first study to provide evidence on intraday quoted bid‐ask spreads in futures markets. The evidence reported in this paper is consistent with prior equities and options market literature, and suggests that the findings in prior futures market research is driven by the spread estimators used. The primary determinants of bid‐ask spreads (volume & volatility) are both elevated at the open and close of trading, which is similar to patterns documented in prior research. These findings are consistent with the predictions of inventory holding and adverse selection cost models of spreads.
Price Discrimination, Separation and Access: Protecting Competition or Protecting Competitors?
Authors: King Stephen P.
Published: January 2010

Refor M in utility industries often involves the owner of a key essential facility selling access to that facility to downstream competitors. Examples include local telephone access and transmission or distribution system access in gas and electricity. The access price is often set by a separate regulator, but downstream competitors may claim that the provider sells access at a lower price to its own down stream subsidiary This paper examines the basis for such claims. We show that a vertically integrated utility will have incentives to engage in price discrimination. However, this may not be anticompetitive Rather, price discrimination may lead to lower customer prices Depending on the entry policy that accompanies the industry refor Ms, price discrimination may raise or lower social welfare
Analysis of the Static Function of the Popliteus Tendon and Evaluation of an Anatomic Reconstruction
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Wozniczka Jennifer K. , Stellmaker Michael P. , Wijdicks Coen A.
Published: December 2009

Background

The popliteus tendon has important dynamic and static stabilizing functions at the knee. Evaluation of its static role as the “fifth ligament” of the knee and a subsequent analysis of a popliteus tendon reconstruction has not been performed.

Hypothesis

In vitro knee stability can be restored to a popliteus tendon—deficient knee with an anatomic popliteus tendon reconstruction.

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods

Eleven nonpaired cadaveric knees were tested under the following popliteus tendon states: intact, sectioned, and reconstructed using an autogenous semitendinosus graft. Each knee was subjected to 10-N·m varus moments, 5-N·m external and internal torques, and 88-N anterior and posterior loads at flexion angles of 0°, 20°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. A 6 degrees of freedom electromagnetic motion tracking system was used to assess motion changes of the tibia with respect to the femur.

Results

Significant increases in external rotation and small but significant increases in internal rotation, varus angulation, and anterior translation motion were found after sectioning the popliteus tendon compared to the intact state. Significant decreases in external rotation were found in the reconstructed state compared with the sectioned state at knee flexion angles of 20°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. Comparing the reconstructed state to the intact state, there were no significant differences at knee flexion angles of 0° and 20°, but significant decreases of external rotation were found at knee flexion angles of 30°, 60°, and 90°. Additionally, there were small but significant differences between the reconstructed and intact state with respect to varus angulation at knee flexion angles of 20°, 30°, and 60°; anterior translation at 20° and 30°; and internal rotation at all flexion angles.

Conclusion

The popliteus tendon has important primary stabilization roles at the knee. The authors also found that an anatomic popliteus tendon reconstruction significantly reduced the increase in external rotation that occurred with sectioning the popliteus tendon; however, differences seen with respect to internal rotation, varus angulation, and anterior translation were not restored.

Clinical Significance

The popliteus tendon functions essentially as the fifth major ligament of the knee. An anatomic popliteus tendon reconstruction can restore external rotation stability to knees with popliteus tendon injury.
Children as Respondents in Survey Research: Cognitive Development and Response Quality 1
Authors: Borgers Natacha , de Leeuw Edith , Hox Joop
Published: January 2010

Les enfants comme répondants dans les enquêtes - Développement cognitif et qualité des réponses. Quoique les enfants ne sont plus une population négligée des statistiques officielles et des enquétes, des études méthodologiques sur des enquêtes d'enfants sont rares. Les chercheurs doivent se baser sur des connaissances ad hoc venant des domaines aussi divers que la psychiatrie enfantine et les tests d'éducation, ou extrapoler à partir de la connaissance méthodologique associée aux enquêtes auprès d'adultes. Dans cet article, les auteurs passent en revu la littérature scientifique disponible sur les enfants comme répondants, et présentent les résultats préliminaires d'une analyse secondaire de l'influence du développement cognitif sur la qualité des réponses. Enfin, il y a des recommandations concernants les enquêtes d'enfants.
A propos de l'échantillon. De l'utilité de quelques mises au point
Authors: Hamel Jacques
Published: January 2010

Concerning Samples - The Utility of Certain Clarifications. The article concerns qualitative samples and qualitative sampling. The subject is first treated from an historical point of view by looking at the work of the Chicago school of thought and the birth of the qualitative-quantitative opposition. This quarrel over methods is attenuated by distinctions made in this article between: (a) locality and subject of a study; (b) statistical representativeness and sociological (or theoretical) representativeness; (c) descriptive theory and explicative theory. The construction of a qualitative sample can be formulated as a calculation involving explicitly and uniquely defined and regulated operations.
An Interviewer Network: Constructing a Procedure to Evaluate Interviewers
Authors: Carton Ann
Published: January 2010

Un réseau d'interviewers - la construction d'un procédure pour évaluer les interviewers. La recherche sociale, en général, et la collecte des données, en particulier, peuvent être considérées comme des processus de production où la "Gestion totale de la qualité" ("Total Quality Management" ou TQM) est applicable. Avec le concept de TQM, nous examinons la qualité de production d'une étape importante des enquêtes: la collecte de données en entretiens face-à-face. Dans cet article, nous présentons les principaux résultats d'une étude d'une procédure d'évaluation d'interviewers travaillant dans un réseau permanent d'interviewers. Cet travail est basé sur une thèse de doctorat (Carton, 1999). Etant donnée la philosophie de la TQM, nous terminons avec des recommandations pour améliorer la qualité de production du réseau et prenons en compte le contexte social spécifique du réseau.
Les méthodes de sélection des premiers sondages américaines
Authors: Didier Emmanuel
Published: January 2010

Methods of Selection of the First American Surveys. This article describes the methods of selection used in the first American partial surveys done between the middle of the XIXth century and the 1920s. Three procedures, invented by the Department of Agriculture, are examined successively. We once again come across the specific role played by the selection of individuals in the generalization to the total population permitted by surveys considered to be représentative
Scientometrics and Science Studies
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet
Published: January 2010

Scientométrie et étude de sciences. Les auteurs ne peuvent être réduits aux textes et les textes ne peuvent se réduire aux auteurs. C'est dans le développement de réseaux complexes de textes et d'auteurs se répondant les uns les autres que la connaissance émerge et qu'elle peut être repérée. L'objet de la scientométrie est l'étude de l'évolution dans le temps de ces réseaux selon toute leur complexité. Pour décrire et/ou mesurer la science afin de rendre visible la connaissance acquise, il faut rendre compte des conditions suivantes: en premier lieu, utiliser des statistiques non-paramétriques car il est difficile d'envisager des paramètres qui rendraient compte de l'apport de connaissance. Cette connaissance n'est donnée et reproduite qu'en termes d'interactions socio-cognitives (le "modèle statique"). En second lieu, ces interactions sont évalués dans leur dimension temporelle selon ce qu'elles signifient par rapport aux institutions d'une part, et en référence au développement cognitif à l'échelon du réseau d'autre part (les "dynamiques de la science"). La médiation entre les deux points de vue a été améliorée par la codification de la science, par exemple en termes de pratiques de citations ou de réalisation de résumés. Cette codification dans plusieurs directions permet d'envisager un développement de systèmes de bases de connaissances auto-organisés.
The Domains of the Quality of Life
Authors: Ferriss Abbott L.
Published: January 2010

Les domaines de la qualité de la vie (QOL). Les valeurs culturelles définissent "la bonne vie" mesurée dans le domaine subjectif et dans le domaine objectif. Ces domaines sont identifiés de manières diverses par: (a) la définition académique et "élitiste" des valeurs universelles; (b) les enquêtes par questionnaire de répondants de cultures différentes qui décrivent leur QOL (Quality of Life); (c) les dimensions psychologiques du bien-être; (d) les dimensions du bien-être social; et, (e) la satisfaction avec des secteurs de la vie quotidienne par rapport aux institutions sociales. Ces nomenclatures diverses sont combinées pour former un ensemble de dix domaines qui identifient les secteur majeurs de "la bonne vie". Des hypothèses sont proposées pour l'amélioration de plusieurs domaines QOL spécifiques.
Honest by Chance: a Qualitative Interview Study to Clarify Respondents' (Non-)Compliance With Computer-Assisted Randomized Response
Authors: Boeije Hennie , Lensvelt-Mulders Gerty
Published: January 2010

Honnête par chance, une étude qualitative par entretien de la (non) coopération dans une enquête assistée par ordinateur et à réponse randomisée : La méthode " response aléatoire" (RRM) permet de minimiser les réponse d'évitement sur des questions sensibles. Cette étude examine comment des répondants participent à une RRM et comment leur participation contribue à des réponses (non)adéquates. Onze répondants, tous des clients de services sociaux, ont répondu à douze questions dans une enquête assistée par ordinateur. La technique de la réponse forcée a été utilisée comme RRN, et des dés sur ordinateur (générateur interne du hasard) ont été alternées avec des vraies dés (générateur externe du hasard). Le comportement des répondants a été enregistré par vidéo. Ceci a été suivie d'un entretien qualitatif qui a été également enregistré. Les résultats montrent que la RRM a engendré très peu de problèmes. Tous les répondants avaient des problèmes à fournir des réponses fausses exigées par les dés, et, par conséquence, quelques-uns ont trichés. De plus, leur intérêt direct - garder leurs allocations - a déterminé leur coopération puisqu'elle a dominé toutes les autres raisons, même quand les répondants comprenaient comment fonctionne marcher la RRM.
External Variables as Points in Smallest Space Analysis: a Theoretical, Mathematical and Computer-Based Contribution
Authors: Cohen Erik H. , Amar Reuven
Published: January 2010

Des variables externes comme points dans l'analyse de similitudes, une contribution théorique, mathématique et informatique : Etant donné une configuration de n points dans un espace euclidéen et un vecteur E de coefficients de similarité d'objets externes par rapport à ces n points, le problème est de situer E parmi les n points fixes en cherdhant à maximiser la similarité de E avec un point, et à minimiser sa distance à ce point. Ce problème a été résolu de manière technique par différents procédés présentés ici, mais il est néanmoins négligé en général. Dans cet article, nous présentons une contribution théorique et mathématique pour la résolution de ce problème.
Séminaire LASMAS-IDL des 7 et 8 Janvier 2002 — Les experiences nationales d'études de cohortes et leur apport aux sciences sociales
Authors: Bouvard Laurence
Published: January 2010

LASMAS-IDL 7-8 January 2002 Seminar - National Experiences with Cohort Studies and Their Contribution to the Social Sciences : The objective of this seminar was the presentation of foreign surveys in order to evaluate the pertinence of extending educational panel studies for those leaving the educatioinal system. The first day included presentations on research involving cohorts, panels or retrospective surveys done in the United States, Great Britain and Germany. The second day was intended for sharing experiences with foreign colleagues concerning the necessity, the conception and the operationalization of cohorts studies and the various difficulties encountered in maintaing contact with the individuals involved over long periods of time.
Nonresponse in Surveys: Determining the Research Agenda for the Future
Authors: Hox Joop , de Leeuw Edith , Snijkers Ger
Published: January 2010

La non-réponse dans les enquêtes, élaboration de l'agenda de recherches futures: Dans cet article, nous décrivons les sujets de recherche et leurs priorités tels qu'ils nous ont été présentés par des chercheurs expérimentés dans le domaine de la non-réponse dans les enquêtes qui ont assistés à Copenhague à un séminaire international sur le sujet. Ces experts donnent la plus haute priorité à l'ajustement statistique et à des moyens de réduire la non-réponse, tout en mesurant les effets de ces moyens.
The Allow-Forbid Asymmetry in Question Wording - a New Look at an Old Problem
Authors: Reuband Karl-Heinz
Published: January 2010

L'asymétrie permettre-interdire dans la construction de questionnaire, un regard nouveau sur un vieux problème: L'effet très connu des réponses permettre-interdire dans les questionnaires, commenté d'abord en 1941 par Daniel Rugg, est testé dans une enquête locale en Allemagne avec un échantillon par quota et en entretiens face-à-face (N=620). La question du choix des mots entre dans cette expérience "split-ballot, ainsi que la présentation d'une version longue du questionnaire avec les réponses alternatives explicitées ("permettre ou ne pas permettre", "permettre ou interdire"). L'effet original décrit dans la littérature scientifique est dû à la formulation biaisé et sans alternatif explicite. Le choix des mots a un effet secondaire. Les répondants moins instruits sont influencés par la formulation biaisée; les répondants plus instruits semblent être plus influencés par le choix des mots.
Qui construit les données du sociologue ? Les problèmes posés par l'analyse secondaire des fichiers des licences fédérales
Authors: Lafabrègue Claude
Published: January 2010

Who Makes Sociology's Data? Problems Posed by Secondary Analysis of National Sport Club Membership Files: The secondary analysis of national files of sport club membership is a possible research technique in investigating careers in sports. But before engaging in such work, one must know if the stored data can be used for scientific research. In this framework, we examined the yearly membership files of the Fédération Française de Voile. This critical analysis had two aspects. First, the information on members (wind-surfing or not, competitions or not) was compared with that provided by another high-quality source. This comparison reveals major differences. To interpret the meaning of these differences, we reconstructed the means by which the data was produced for the national files. This work permitted us to evaluate the pertinence of the two recorded variables for eventual longitudinal studies. The result is that the data could be used in longitudinal studies with only slight confidence. The data tends to describe the margins of interpretation left to local authorities by the federal guidelines, and not the real activity of members.
Studying Survey Interviewers: a Call for Research and an Overview
Authors: van Meter Karl M.
Published: January 2010

L'étude des interviewers d'enquête, un appel aux contributions et un vue générale. Pour encourager un projet de recherche en cours sur les interviewers d'enquête, le BMS publie ici une vue générale des nombreuses recherches sur le sujet qui sont parues dans le BMS depuis vingt ans. Tout en appelant aux contributions -- particulièrement de la part de la vaste expérience en méthodologie d'enquête de nos collègues aux Pays-Bas, en Allemagne et aux Etats-Unis -- nous partageons les résultats préliminaires d'une étude détaillée française qui a fait une analyse statistique des performances d'interviewers, puis des entretiens face-à-face avec des interviewers dont le "profil statistique" était loin du "standard". Ces entretiens avec les interviewers fournissent une description étonnante du milieu du "business" des enquêtes.
Pricing Environmental Amenities: An Assessment of the Contingent Valuation Method
Authors: Gwartney Patricia A. , Silvaggio Anthony V.
Published: January 2010

Mettre un prix sur les agrements environnementaux, une évaluation de la méthode de valuation contingente : Les auteurs préparent actuellement un rapport pour présenter la méthode de valuation contingente (CV) aux non-économistes. La CV est une méthdode par enquête par questionnaire développée par des économistes pour estimer la valeur monétaire des agréments environnementaux. Ici, les auteurs présentent la méthode CV avec des références dans la littérature scientifique qui décrivent son développement et son évolution.