bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting the bicarbonate transporter SLC4A4 overcomes immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Cappellesso Federica , Orban Marie-Pauline , Shirgaonkar Niranjan , Berardi Emanuele , Serneels Jens , Neveu Marie-Aline , Di Molfetta Daria , Piccapane Francesca , Caroppo Rosa , Debellis Lucantonio , Ostyn Tessa , Joudiou Nicolas , Mignion Lionel , Richiardone Elena , Jordan Bénédicte F. , Gallez Bernard , Corbet Cyril , Roskams Tania , DasGupta Ramanuj , Tejpar Sabine , Di Matteo Mario , Taverna Daniela , Reshkin Stephan J. , Topal Baki , Virga Federico , Mazzone Massimiliano
Published: December 2022

Solid tumors are generally characterized by an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) that favors cancer progression, therapy resistance and immune evasion. By single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis in individuals with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we reveal solute carrier family 4 member 4 (SLC4A4) as the most abundant bicarbonate transporter, predominantly expressed by epithelial ductal cells. Functionally, SLC4A4 inhibition in PDAC cancer cells mitigates the acidosis of the TME due to bicarbonate accumulation in the extracellular space and a decrease in lactate production by cancer cells as the result of reduced glycolysis. In PDAC-bearing mice, genetic or pharmacological SLC4A4 targeting improves T cell-mediated immune response and breaches macrophage-mediated immunosuppression, thus inhibiting tumor growth and metastases. In addition,Slc4a4targeting in combination with immune checkpoint blockade is able to overcome immunotherapy resistance and prolong survival. Overall, our data propose SLC4A4 as a therapeutic target to unleash an antitumor immune response in PDAC.
Stable lithium metal anode enabled byin situformation of a Li3N/Li–Bi alloy hybrid layer
Authors: Yang Yang , Ai Liufeng , He Juhong , Zhang Chuanxiang , Chen Duo , Shen Laifa
Published: December 2022

A hybrid protective layer containing a Li3N/Li–Bi alloy on the Li surface is constructed to guide dendrite-free Li deposition by accelerating Li+transport and homogenizing Li plating/stripping behavior.
Manganese substitution induced magnetic transformation and magnetoelectricity in SrFe12O19
Authors: Sahoo M. R. , Barik A. , Ghosh R. , Kuila S. , Tiwary Sweta , Babu P. D. , Kaushik S. D. , Vishwakarma P. N.
Published: December 2022

The highest strained compound SrFe7Mn5O19 having highly distorted crystallographic sites, with a mixed ferrimagnetic phase, showing ∼118% enhancement in the linear magnetoelectric coupling (α/d-value) in comparison to the parent compound (SrFe12O19).
The nature of stability and adsorption interactions of binary Au–Li clusters with bridge adsorption structures
Authors: Zhang Manli , Zhu Qiyong , Liu Qiman , Cheng Longjiu
Published: December 2022

The CO molecules preferentially adsorb at bridge sites rather than top sites of Au–Li clusters.
Combining non-thermal plasma technology with photocatalysis: a critical review
Authors: Zhou Jing , Wei Tingcha , An Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2022

The latest applications of non-thermal plasma in photocatalysis were summarized, including the modification and synthesis of photocatalysts. Also, the challenges and outlook of this synergistic technology were discussed.
Why does thionating a carbonyl molecule make it a better electron acceptor?
Authors: Wu Yi-Lin , Wright Anna I.
Published: December 2022

Compared with the (2p)C/(2p)Oorbital interactions, the smaller (2p)C/(3p)Soverlap in thionated molecules results in a weaker antibonding character in the LUMO, and hence the superior electron affinity, despite the lower electronegativity of sulfur.
Sustainable cycloaliphatic polyurethanes: from synthesis to applications
Authors: Mouren Agathe , Avérous Luc
Published: December 2022

The review presents the synthesis, properties and applications of sustainable cycloaliphatic polyurethanes from various renewable building blocks such as biobased terpenes, carbohydrates, fatty acids and cholesterol or plastic wastes derivatives.
Chlorocobaloxime containing N-(4-pyridylmethyl)-1,8-naphthalamide peripheral ligands: synthesis, characterization and enhanced electrochemical hydrogen evolution in alkaline medium
Authors: Kumar Yadav Jitendra , Singh Baghendra , Pal Sarvesh Kumar , Singh Nanhai , Lama Prem , Indra Arindam , Kumar Kamlesh
Published: December 2022

Cobaloxime immobilized onto the surface of carbon cloth exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic HER activity and −10 mA cm−2 current density has been achieved at an overpotential of 260 mV.
A non-heat-source process for preparing graphene oxide with low energy consumption
Authors: Xiong Bingxue , Zou Xuefeng , Wei Shicheng , Wang Bo , Liang Yi , Jiang Wencai , Xiang Bin , Deng Mingsen , Zheng Helin
Published: December 2022

This work fully utilizes the heat released during concentrated sulfuric acid dilution to develop a new non-heat-source process, exponentially reducing the energy consumption and largely avoiding the frequent temperature control.
Evaluation of airborne particulates and associated metals originating from steel slag applied to rural unpaved roads
Authors: Kacer James , Altmaier Ralph , Latta Drew , O'Shaughnessy Patrick T. , Cwiertny David M.
Published: December 2022

Addition of steel slag to rural gravel roads does not appreciably increase PM emissions from road traffic but does increase airborne manganese. Mn and PM10 concentrations increased as the wind shifted from perpendicular to near parallel to the road.
Attenuating endothelial leakiness with self-assembled DNA nanostructures for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Liu Qian , Wu Di , He Binfeng , Ding Xiaotong , Xu Yu , Wang Ying , Zhang Mingzhou , Qian Hang , Leong David Tai , Wang Guansong
Published: December 2022

Self-assembled DNA is constructed to attenuate pulmonary vascular remodeling by restoring the endothelial barriers. Self-assembled DNA inhibits HPAEC growth by the Atg101/Beclin-1/VE-cadherin pathway.
Self-supported electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Jin , Zhang Jian , Shen Jinke , Wu Honghui , Chen Haipeng , Yuan Changzhou , Wu Naiteng , Liu Guilong , Guo Donglei , Liu Xianming
Published: December 2022

The high-performance self-supported electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction are systematically summarized.
Activatable organic photoacoustic probes for in vivo anion imaging
Authors: Liu Yurong , Zhang Xinming , Lei Shan , Lin Jing , Huang Peng
Published: December 2022

This review gives focused attention on in vivo anion imaging based on activatable organic photoacoustic probes, with emphasis on imaging mechanisms at the molecular level, to inspire innovative ideas for future theranostics of diseases.
Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed chemo and enantioselective 1,2-addition of isatin-derived β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters with 4-aminoindoles at the C7 position
Authors: Zhao Yunlong , Xiao Rou , Fang Weibin , Zhao Junling
Published: December 2022

The chemo and enantioselective 1,2-addition of isatin-derived β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters with indoles at the C7 position was described. Some of the products showed high in vitro cytotoxicity towards several human cancer cell lines.
Waste PET upcycling to conductive carbon-based composite through laser-assisted carbonization of UiO-66
Authors: Kogolev Dmitry , Semyonov Oleg , Metalnikova Nadezhda , Fatkullin Maxim , Rodriguez Raul D. , Slepicka Petr , Yamauchi Yusuke , Guselnikova Olga , Boukherroub Rabah , Postnikov Pavel S.
Published: December 2022

The upcycling of waste polymers into novel materials with high added value is a vital task for modern chemical engineering.
Enhanced ion conductivity of “water-in-salt” electrolytes by nanochannel membranes
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Hao Xishun , Kang Yuan , Dong Mengyang , Fang Zhou , Hu Yue , Wang Huanting , Fan Xiulin , Yan Youguo , Ye Zhizhen , Peng Xinsheng
Published: December 2022

Ionic conductivity improvement is achieved in “water-in-salt” electrolytes by confinement in 2D membrane-based nanochannels due to functional group-induced stratification. This benefits the higher performance of aqueous batteries.
Restoring the electrical microenvironment using ferroelectric nanocomposite membranes to enhance alveolar ridge regeneration in a mini-pig preclinical model
Authors: Li Yiping , Meng Yanze , Bai Yunyang , Wang Yijun , Wang Jiaqi , Heng Boonchin , Wei Jinqi , Jiang Xi , Gao Min , Zheng Xiaona , Zhang Xuehui , Deng Xuliang
Published: December 2022

The maintenance and incremental growth of the alveolar bone at the tooth extraction site, to achieve the required height and width for implant restoration, remains a major clinical challenge.
Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Deep Learning Based on Auto-Encoder
Authors: Sharma M. Abhilash , Raj B. R. Ganesh , Ramamurthy B. , Bhaskar R. Hari
Published: December 2022

Fraudulent activities in financial fields are continuously rising. The fraud patterns tend to vary with time, and no consistency can be observed in this regard. The incorporation of new technology by fraudsters is the reason for the execution of online fraud transactions. Given the volatility of the fraud patterns, a good fraud detection model must be able to evolve and update itself to the changing patterns. Thus we aim in this paper to analyze the fraud cases that are unable to be detected based on supervised learning or previous history, create an Auto-encoder model based on deep learning and Compare and assess the performance of the model based on data from different parts of the world and check for the demographic diversity of fraud patterns thereby inferring that the data from which part of the world the model fits the best. The proposed algorithm, deep learning based on the auto-encoder (AE) network is an unsupervised learning algorithm that utilizes backpropagation by setting the inputs and outputs identical. In this research, the Tensorflow package from Google has been employed to implement AE by using deep learning. The accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and area under the curve(AUC) are all executed to assess the performance of the model.
Classification of Depression on social media using Distant Supervision
Authors: Vayadande Kuldeep , Bodhankar Aditya , Mahajan Ajinkya , Prasad Diksha , Mahajan Shivani , Pujari Aishwarya , Dhakalkar Riya
Published: December 2022

Amidst Covid-19, young adults have experienced major symptoms of anxiety and/or depression disorder (56%). Mental health issues have been spiking all over the world rapidly. People have taken up to social media as a platform to vent about their mental breakdowns. Twitter has seen enormous rise in depressive and anxious tweets in these times, but the downside being that majority of the population has neglected the importance of mental health issues and there are not enough resources to liberate people about it. Also, people hesitate to talk about their mental issues and seek help. So, a machine learning model using distant supervision to detect depression on Twitter is curated. Use of Sentiment140 dataset with 1.6 million records of different tweets. Our training data makes use of Twitter tweets included with emojis, which are classified as noisy labels on a dataset. Further, this paper mentions about how to use models like Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, XGBoost to distinguishing tweets between depressive or nondepressive. The purpose behind using multiple models is to achieve highest accuracy when trained with emoticon dataset. The paper’s main contribution is the idea of using tweets with emoticons for distant supervised learning.
Opioid-Induced Esophageal Dysmotility (OIED) – A Case Report
Authors: Halasz Victoria , Knittel Leonhard , Fox Mark Robert
Published: December 2022

Recent studies have shown that chronic opioid use is associated with an increased risk of symptomatic esophageal motility disorders. Opioid-induced esophageal dysfunction (OIED) is most often identified in patients taking high doses of opioids. This condition is associated with poorer treatment outcomes than primary motility disorders and management of these cases is further complicated by the presence of chronic pain, opioid addiction, and physical and psychological comorbidity.

We present the case of a 68-year-old Caucasian woman with OIED, induced by the chronic intake of low-dose Fentanyl and Tramadol prescribed to treat severe back pain. The clinical course highlights the sometimes difficult diagnosis and management of this recently recognized condition.
Repair of an Isolated Traumatic Cranial Luxation of the Radial Head Using a TightRope System in a Cat
Authors: Richard Megane , Vallefuoco Rosario
Published: December 2022

A 4.4 kg, a 6-year-old Domestic Shorthair male neutered outdoor cat was diagnosed with an isolated traumatic cranial luxation of the left radial head. Surgical stabilization was achieved using a mini TightRope system (Arthrex Vet Systems, Naples, Florida, United States) to hold the radial head to the ulna without attempting to reconstruct the annular ligament. A range of motion within the normal range was achieved after reduction. At 7-week follow-up after surgery, the cat was walking without lameness; at follow-up by telephone 3 years postoperatively, the owner described the overall quality of life as excellent with good mobility in everyday activities such as jumping, running, and playing. Many publications in veterinary medicine detail congenital radial head luxation, Monteggia lesions, or complete elbow luxation, but traumatic radial head luxation is barely cited as the occurrence is rare. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a feline isolated traumatic radial head luxation managed with this technique.
Quantifying Electronic Health Record Data Quality in Telehealth and Office-Based Diabetes Care
Authors: Wiley Kevin K. , Mendonca Eneida , Blackburn Justin , Menachemi Nir , Groot Mary De , Vest Joshua R.
Published: December 2022

Objective Data derived from the electronic health record (EHR) are commonly reused for quality improvement, clinical decision-making, and empirical research despite having data quality challenges. Research highlighting EHR data quality concerns has largely been examined and identified during traditional in-person visits. To understand variations in data quality among patients managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with and without a history of telehealth visits, we examined three EHR data quality dimensions: timeliness, completeness, and information density.

Methods We used EHR data (2016–2021) from a local enterprise data warehouse to quantify timeliness, completeness, and information density for diagnostic and laboratory test data. Means and chi-squared significance tests were computed to compare data quality dimensions between patients with and without a history of telehealth use.

Results Mean timeliness or T2DM measurement age for the study sample was 77.8 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 39.6–116.4). Mean completeness for the sample was 0.891 (95% CI, 0.868–0.914). The mean information density score was 0.787 (95% CI, 0.747–0.827). EHR data for patients managing T2DM with a history of telehealth use were timelier (73.3 vs. 79.8 days), and measurements were more uniform across visits (0.795 vs. 0.784) based on information density scores, compared with patients with no history of telehealth use.

Conclusion Overall, EHR data for patients managing T2DM with a history of telehealth visits were generally timelier and measurements were more uniform across visits than for patients with no history of telehealth visits. Chronic disease care relies on comprehensive patient data collected via hybrid care delivery models and includes important domains for continued data quality assessments prior to secondary reuse purposes.
Surgical, Clinical, and Radiological Outcomes Analysis of Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies Cases: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Prajapati Hanuman Prasad , Ahmad Ansari Mohd , Mohd Faheem , Singh Deepak Kumar , Kumar Raj
Published: December 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes analysis of craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies cases.

Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of 43 CVJ anomalies cases, which were surgically managed at Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India, from period between June 2015 and June 2019. They were analyzed for age, sex, clinical characteristics, radiological diagnosis, and treatment given. Patient's clinical and radiological status was assessed pre- and postoperatively during time of discharge and at 6 months of follow-up. For clinical assessment we used visual analogue scale (VAS) and Nurick grading system. Radiological assessment was done by atlantodental interval (ADI), craniobasal angle, and craniometric lines. Overall outcomes were depicted as favorable, stabilized, and mortality at 6 to 18 months (mean 12.69 ± 3.77) of follow-up.

Results The age range of our cases was 7 to 71 years (mean 29.93 ± 17.39). Male-to-female ratio was 2.91:1. Majority of the cases were presented with neck pain (n = 38; 88.37%), motor weakness (n = 35; 81.40%), and sensory deficits (n = 25; 58.14%). Congenital atlantoaxial dislocation (n = 31; 72.09) was the most common CVJ anomaly. Clinically, there were significant improvements in VAS (p = 0.001) and Nurick grade (p = 0.007) postoperatively. Radiologically, ADI (p = 0.003) had decreased, clivus canal angle (p = 0.005) become less acute, and odontoid process (p = 0.003 for McRae's line) goes downwards in postoperative period. Bony fusion was achieved in 41 (95.35%) cases. Out of 43, 73% cases had favorable outcomes, 21% were stabilized, and mortality was seen in 2.33% cases at 6 months (mean ± standard deviation = 12.69 ± 3.77) of follow-up.

Conclusion Proper preoperative evaluation and selection of individualized surgical technique was the key for excellent clinical and radiological outcomes with minimal complications.
Atomically precise binding conformations of adenine and its variants on gold using single molecule conductance signatures
Authors: Pan Xiaoyun , Qian Cheng , Chow Amber , Wang Lu , Kamenetska Maria
Published: December 2022

We demonstrate single molecule conductance as a sensitive and atomically precise probe of binding configurations of adenine and its biologically relevant variants on gold. By combining experimental measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of single molecule–metal junction structures in aqueous conditions, we determine for the first time that robust binding of adenine occurs in neutral or basic pH when the molecule is deprotonated at the imidazole moiety. The molecule binds through the donation of the electron lone pairs from the imidazole nitrogen atoms, N7 and N9, to the gold electrodes. In addition, the pyrimidine ring nitrogen, N3, can bind concurrently and strengthen the overall metal–molecule interaction. The amine does not participate in binding to gold in contrast to most other amine-terminated molecular wires due to the planar geometry of the nucleobase. DFT calculations reveal the importance of interface charge transfer in stabilizing the experimentally observed binding configurations. We demonstrate that biologically relevant variants of adenine, 6-methyladenine and 2′-deoxyadenosine, have distinct conductance signatures. These results lay the foundation for biosensing on gold using single molecule conductance readout.
Motion of a magnetic skyrmionium driven by acoustic wave
Authors: Sun Jiajun , Zhao Yunhong , Shi Shengbin , Zhang Yong , Wang Jie
Published: December 2022

A magnetic skyrmionium does not exhibit skyrmion Hall effect due to its special structure with zero topological charge, which has an advantage over a skyrmion in the application of tracetrack memory. With the development of straintronics, acoustic waves could remotely control the topological magnetic structures, including skyrmionium. In this work, the acoustic wave induced dynamics of a skyrmionium on a strip film is studied by means of micromagnetic simulations. The results show that the motion of a skyrmionium is significantly influenced by the magnetic damping, the amplitude, and the frequency of the acoustic wave. The skyrmionium tends to acquire higher velocity at larger amplitude of the acoustic wave and smaller magnetic damping. With the increase in the acoustic wave amplitude, the skyrmionium deforms and moves faster due to stronger magnetoelastic interaction. When the frequency increases from 1 to 15 GHz, the velocity of skyrmionium generally increases except for the velocity fluctuation caused by magnetization resonance at a few frequencies. This work suggests a mechanical way to drive the motion of magnetic skyrmioniums by acoustic waves, offering potential applications in future information memory devices.
Free energy calculations and unbiased molecular dynamics targeting the liquid–liquid transition in water no man’s land
Authors: Jedrecy Alexandre , Saitta A. Marco , Pietrucci Fabio
Published: December 2022

The existence of a first-order phase transition between a low-density liquid (LDL) and a high-density liquid (HDL) form of supercooled water has been a central and highly debated issue of physics and chemistry for the last three decades. We present a computational study that allows us to determine the free-energy landscapes of supercooled water over a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions using the TIP4P/2005 force field. Our approach combines topology-based structural transformation coordinates, state-of-the-art free-energy calculation methods, and extensive unbiased molecular dynamics. All our diverse simulations cannot detect any barrier within the investigated timescales and system size, for a discontinuous transition between the LDL and HDL forms throughout the so-called “no man’s land,” until the onset of the solid, non-diffusive amorphous forms.
Simulation of GaN-based light emitting diodes incorporating composition fluctuation effects
Authors: Rahman Sheikh Ifatur , Jamal-Eddine Zane , Xia Zhanbo , Awwad Mohammad , Armitage Robert , Rajan Siddharth
Published: December 2022

III-Nitride light emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used in a range of high efficiency lighting and display applications, which has enabled significant energy savings in the last decade. Despite the wide application of GaN LEDs, transport mechanisms across InGaN/GaN heterostructures in these devices are not well explained. Fixed polarization sheet charges at InGaN/GaN interfaces lead to large interface dipole charges, which create large potential barriers to overcome. One-dimensional models for transport across such heterostructures predict turn-on voltages that are significantly higher than that found in real devices. As a result, conventional models for transport cannot predict the performance of new designs such as for longer wavelength LEDs or for multi-quantum well LEDs. In this work, we show that incorporating low and high indium compositions within quantum wells at the submicrometer scale can provide an accurate prediction of the characteristics of GaN/InGaN light emitting diodes.
Effect of electron–electron interaction on magnitude of quantum oscillations of dissipative resistance in magnetic fields
Authors: Abedi Sara , Vitkalov Sergey , Bykov A. A. , Bakarov A. K.
Published: December 2022

Magneto-intersubband resistance oscillations (MISOs) of highly mobile 2D electrons in symmetric GaAs quantum wells with two populated subbands are studied in magnetic fields B=(B⊥,B∥) tilted from the normal to the 2D electron layer at different temperatures T. The in-plane component (B∥) of the field B induces magnetic entanglement between subbands, leading to beating in oscillating density of states (DOS) and to MISO suppression. Model of the MISO suppression is proposed. Within the model, a comparison of MISO amplitude in the entangled and disentangled (B∥=0) 2D systems yields both difference frequency of DOS oscillations, df, and strength of the electron–electron interaction, described by parameter εF∗, in the 2D system. These properties are analyzed using two methods, yielding consistent but not identical results for both df and εF∗. The analysis reveals an additional angular dependent factor of MISO suppression. The factor is related to spin splitting of quantum levels in magnetic fields.
Lock-in thermographic study of spin-wave propagation in magnonic crystals
Authors: Iguchi Ryo , Vasyuchka Vitaliy I. , Hillebrands Burkard , Uchida Ken-ichi
Published: December 2022

We have investigated the spin-wave dynamics in a one-dimensional magnonic crystal (MC) with respect to the heat radiation due to the damping of the spin waves. The spin waves were excited by applying microwaves via a wire antenna. The heat induced by the excitation and propagation of spin waves was measured using the lock-in thermography (LIT) technique by periodically modulating the microwave power. The LIT measurements resolved the heat source distributions inside the MC, which is made of an yttrium iron garnet film and periodic grooves with a sub-mm interval, in the backward volume wave geometry. The temperature distribution induced by the spin-wave excitation notably depends on the frequency or wave number of the spin waves, as a result of the formation of rejection bands in the MC. The observed temperature modulation profiles are complicated, but their behavior is consistent with a calculation based on the microwave transmission line approximation of the MCs, demonstrating the applicability of the LIT measurements to the investigation of the spin-wave dynamics in sub-mm scale MCs.
Sedimentation path theory for mass-polydisperse colloidal systems
Authors: Eckert Tobias , Schmidt Matthias , de las Heras Daniel
Published: December 2022

Both polydispersity and the presence of a gravitational field are inherent to essentially any colloidal experiment. While several theoretical works have focused on the effect of polydispersity on the bulk phase behavior of a colloidal system, little is known about the effect of a gravitational field on a polydisperse colloidal suspension. We extend here the sedimentation path theory to study sedimentation–diffusion–equilibrium of a mass-polydisperse colloidal system: the particles possess different buoyant masses but they are otherwise identical. The model helps to understand the interplay between gravity and polydispersity on sedimentation experiments. Since the theory can be applied to any parent distribution of buoyant masses, it can also be used to study the sedimentation of monodisperse colloidal systems. We find that mass-polydispersity has a strong influence in colloidal systems near density matching for which the bare density of the colloidal particles equals the solvent density. To illustrate the theory, we study crystallization in sedimentation–diffusion–equilibrium of a suspension of mass-polydisperse hard spheres.
Band alignment of sputtered and atomic layer deposited SiO2 and Al2O3 on ScAlN
Authors: Xia Xinyi , Li Jian-Sian , Khan Md Irfan , Khan Kamruzzaman , Ahmadi Elaheh , Hays David C. , Ren Fan , Pearton S. J.
Published: December 2022

The band alignments of two candidate dielectrics for ScAlN, namely, SiO2 and Al2O2, were obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We compared the effect of deposition method on the valence band offsets of both sputtered and atomic layer deposition films of SiO2 and Al2O3 on Sc0.27Al0.73 N (bandgap 5.1 eV) films. The band alignments are type I (straddled gap) for SiO2 and type II (staggered gap) for Al2O3. The deposition methods make a large difference in relative valence band offsets, in the range 0.4–0.5 eV for both SiO2 and Al2O3. The absolute valence band offsets were 2.1 or 2.6 eV for SiO2 and 1.5 or 1.9 eV for Al2O3 on ScAlN. Conduction band offsets derived from these valence band offsets, and the measured bandgaps were then in the range 1.0–1.1 eV for SiO2 and 0.30–0.70 eV for Al2O3. These latter differences can be partially ascribed to changes in bandgap for the case of SiO2 deposited by the two different methods, but not for Al2O3, where the bandgap as independent of deposition method. Since both dielectrics can be selectively removed from ScAlN, they are promising as gate dielectrics for transistor structures.
Numerical study of dynamics of cavitation bubble collapse near oscillating walls
Authors: Nguyen Quang-Thai , Nguyen Van-Tu , Phan Thanh-Hoang , Duy Trong-Nguyen , Park Seong-Ho , Park Warn-Gyu
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a numerical study of the dynamics of an initially spherical bubble collapse near an oscillating rigid wall with a large amplitude; the wall oscillating amplitude is greater than 1% of the initial maximum bubble radius. Numerical simulations were conducted using a compressible two-phase flow model and the volume of fluid (VOF) interphase-sharpening technique on a general curvilinear moving grid. The numerical results for bubbles in the free field and near a wall were computed and compared with published experimental data. To study the effects of the oscillating wall on bubble collapse, a sinusoidal function was used for wall oscillation. The initial bubble conditions were set as a Rayleigh bubble located above the rigid wall at a dimensionless bubble-boundary distance with initial phases of 0° and 180°. During bubble collapse, the interface deformation, jetting behavior, bubble collapse time, and bubble migration were determined. Violent collapse of the bubble, jetting behavior, and shock propagation from the significant effects of the oscillating wall were observed in simulation cases with different wall motions. The effects of the non-dimensional amplitude scale and non-dimensional period timescale were considered with the initial phases in the problem. The trend lines of typical characteristics and critical points of bubble collapse were determined.
A weakly nonlinear analysis of the effect of vertical throughflow on Darcy–Bénard convection
Authors: Capone F. , Gianfrani J. A. , Massa G. , Rees D. A. S.
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of a downward vertical net mass flow on the type of instability that occurs in a horizontal fluid-saturated porous layer that is heated from below. The strength of the downflow is modelled by Pe, the Péclet number. First, we prove the validity of the principle of exchange of stabilities; consequently, we perform a linear instability analysis of the basic steady flow to determine the critical Darcy–Rayleigh number for the onset of steady convective instability as a function of Pe. Then, a weakly nonlinear stability analysis is performed to determine the smallest value of the Péclet number for which the onset of convection corresponds to a subcritical instability.
Characterisation of internal oxygen concentration of strawberry (
Authors: Xiao Zeyu , Tyerman Stephen D. , Stait-Gardner Timothy , Price William S. , Pagay Vinay , Schmidtke Leigh M. , Rogiers Suzy Y.
Published: December 2022

Gas exchange mechanisms play crucial roles in maintaining fruit post-harvest quality in perishable fruit such as strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The internal oxygen concentration ([O2]) of strawberry and blueberry were measured using Clark-type oxygen sensing electrodes. The volume of intercellular voids in strawberry was obtained by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). In both berries, internal [O2] was consistent and relatively high across measured tissues. The overall [O2] was well above the Michaelis constant (Km) for cytochrome c oxidase in both fruit and different from previously examined grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry mesocarp with near zero minimum [O2]. In strawberry and blueberry, cell vitality was also maintained at full maturity in the mesocarp. Higher storage temperature (i.e. 20 vs 4°C) reduced internal [O2] of strawberry. Pedicel detachment in blueberry was associated with greater fruit dehydration and lower internal [O2] after short-term storage of 12 h. The results suggest that the intercellular voids of the fruit’s mesocarp provide an efficient gas exchange route for maintaining high fruit internal [O2] post-harvest.
Utilising HealthPathways to understand the availability of public abortion in Australia
Authors: Srinivasan Sonia , Botfield Jessica R. , Mazza Danielle
Published: December 2022

Background Access to publicly funded abortion in Australia is limited, with a considerable proportion carried out by private providers. There are no nationally reported data on public abortion services, and referral pathways are poorly coordinated between hospital and primary care sectors. HealthPathways is an online system for use in primary care that provides information on referral pathways to local services. The aim of this study was to describe abortion referral pathways for each HealthPathways portal in Australia. Methods A review of Australian HealthPathways content on abortion was undertaken between January and June 2022. For each HealthPathways portal, data were extracted on referral options to abortion services. Results Overall, 17 out of 34 Australian HealthPathways consented to be included. Nearly half (47%) had no public services listed for surgical abortion, and 35% had no public services for medical abortion. The majority (64% for surgical abortion, 67% for medical abortion) emphasised that public services should be considered only as a last resort. There was variation in information regarding gestation-specific options, the time-critical nature of referrals, and the importance of women’s own preference when deciding between medical or surgical abortion. Conclusion Despite few remaining legal restrictions to abortion, many regions across Australia either do not have public abortion services or do not provide information about them. There is an urgent need for transparency around public abortion service availability, clear guidelines to support referral pathways, and commitment from State and Federal governments to expand the availability of accessible, no-cost abortion in Australia.
Sperm cryopreservation: current status and future developments
Authors: Hungerford Alena , Bakos Hassan W. , Aitken Robert John
Published: December 2022

The cryopreservation of spermatozoa is an important reproductive technology for the preservation of fertility in man and animals. Since the serendipitous discovery of glycerol as an effective cryoprotectant in 1947, sperm cryopreservation has undergone many changes in terms of the freezing methods employed, the rates at which samples are frozen and thawed, and the media used to preserve sperm functionality and DNA integrity. An extensive literature survey has been conducted addressing the cryoprotectants employed for both animal and human semen and the freezing protocols utilised. The results indicate that glycerol remains the dominant cryoprotective agent, usually incorporated into a balanced salt solution containing energy substrates, buffers, osmolytes and protein in the form of human serum albumin (human) or skimmed milk (animal). Realisation that some of the damage observed in cryostored cells involves the generation of reactive oxygen species during the thawing process, has prompted many studies to assess the relative merits of incorporating antioxidants into the cryopreservation media. However, in the absence of systematic comparisons, there is currently no consensus as to which antioxidant combination might be the most effective. Utilising our fundamental understanding of cryodamage to optimise cryopreservation protocols for each species will be important in the future.
Two-dimensional quantum universality in the spin-1/2 triangular-lattice quantum antiferromagnet Na
2
BaCo(PO
4
)
2
Authors: Sheng Jieming , Wang Le , Candini Andrea , Jiang Wenrui , Huang Lianglong , Xi Bin , Zhao Jize , Ge Han , Zhao Nan , Fu Ying , Ren Jun , Yang Jiong , Miao Ping , Tong Xin , Yu Dapeng , Wang Shanmin , Liu Qihang , Kofu Maiko , Mole Richard , Biasiol Giorgio , Yu Dehong , Zaliznyak Igor A. , Mei Jia-Wei , Wu Liusuo
Published: December 2022

An interplay of geometrical frustration and strong quantum fluctuations in a spin-1/2 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet (TAF) can lead to exotic quantum states. Here, we report the neutron-scattering, magnetization, specific heat, and magnetocaloric studies of the recently discovered spin-1/2 TAF Na
2
BaCo(PO
4
)
2
, which can be described by a spin-1/2 easy axis XXZ model. The zero-field neutron diffraction experiment reveals an incommensurate antiferromagnetic ground state with a significantly reduced ordered moment of about 0.54(2)
μ
B
/Co. Different magnetic phase diagrams with magnetic fields in the
a
b
plane and along the easy
c
-axis were extracted based on the magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and elastic neutron-scattering results. In addition, two-dimensional (2D) spin dispersion in the triangular plane was observed in the high-field polarized state, and microscopic exchange parameters of the spin Hamiltonian have been determined through the linear spin wave theory. Consistently, quantum critical behaviors with the universality class of
d
 = 2 and
ν
z
= 1 were established in the vicinity of the saturation field, where a Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of diluted magnons occurs. The newly discovered quantum criticality and fractional magnetization phase in this ideal spin-1/2 TAF present exciting opportunities for exploring exotic quantum phenomena.
The α-Catenin mechanosensing M region is required for cell adhesion during tissue morphogenesis
Authors: Sheppard Luka , Green David G. , Lerchbaumer Gerald , Rothenberg Katheryn E. , Fernandez-Gonzalez Rodrigo , Tepass Ulrich
Published: December 2022

α-Catenin couples the cadherin–catenin complex to the actin cytoskeleton. The mechanosensitive α-Catenin M region undergoes conformational changes upon application of force to recruit interaction partners. Here, we took advantage of the tension landscape in the Drosophila embryo to define three different states of α-Catenin mechanosensing in support of cell adhesion. Low-, medium-, and high-tension contacts showed a corresponding recruitment of Vinculin and Ajuba, which was dependent on the α-Catenin M region. In contrast, the Afadin homolog Canoe acts in parallel to α-Catenin at bicellular low- and medium-tension junctions but requires an interaction with α-Catenin for its tension-sensitive enrichment at high-tension tricellular junctions. Individual M region domains make complex contributions to cell adhesion through their impact on interaction partner recruitment, and redundancies with the function of Canoe. Our data argue that α-Catenin and its interaction partners are part of a cooperative and partially redundant mechanoresponsive network that supports AJs remodeling during morphogenesis.
γδIL17 under control
Authors: Sanchez Sanchez Guillem , Vermijlen David
Published: December 2022

In the mouse, γδ IL17 cells are poised to make IL-17, and these cells have been involved in various infection and cancer models. Edwards et al. (2022. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20211431) now report how different γδIL17 subsets are controlled during homeostasis and cancer.
Finite-Size Scaling Theory at a Self-Dual Quantum Critical Point
Authors: Zhang Long , Ding Chengxiang
Published: December 2022

The nondivergence of the generalized Grüneisen ratio (GR) at a quantum critical point (QCP) has been proposed to be a universal thermodynamic signature of self-duality. We study how the Kramers–Wannier-type self-duality manifests itself in the finite-size scaling behavior of thermodynamic quantities in the quantum critical regime. While the self-duality cannot be realized as a unitary transformation in the total Hilbert space for the Hamiltonian with the periodic boundary condition, it can be implemented in certain symmetry sectors with proper boundary conditions. Therefore, the GR and the transverse magnetization of the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model exhibit different finite-size scaling behaviors in different sectors. This implies that the numerical diagnosis of self-dual QCP requires identification of the proper symmetry sectors.
Gravitational wave signals in an Unruh–DeWitt detector
Authors: Prokopec Tomislav
Published: December 2022

We firstly generalize the massive scalar propagator for planar gravitational waves propagating on Minkowski space obtained recently in van Haasteren and Prokopec (2022 arXiv:2204.12930 [gr-qc]). We then use this propagator to study the response of a freely falling Unruh–DeWitt detector to a gravitational wave background. We find that a freely falling detector completely cancels the effect of the deformation of the invariant distance induced by the gravitational waves, such that the only effect comes from an increased average size of scalar field vacuum fluctuations, the origin of which can be traced back to the change of the surface in which the gravitational waves fluctuate. The effect originates from the quantum interference between propagation on off-shell detector’s trajectories which probe different spatial gravitational potential induced by the gravitational backreaction from gravitational waves, and it is therefore purely quantum. When resummed over classical graviton insertions, gravitational waves generate cuts on the imaginary axis of the complexΔτ-plane (whereΔτ=τ−τ′denotes the difference of proper times), and the discontinuity across these cuts is responsible for a continuum of energy transitions induced in the Unruh–DeWitt detector. Not surprisingly, we find that the detector’s transition rate is exponentially suppressed with increasing energy and the mass of the scalar field. What is surprising, however, is that the transition rate is anon-analytic functionof the gravitational field strain. This means that, no matter how small is the gravitational field amplitude, expanding in powers of the gravitational field strain cannot approximate well the detector’s transition rate. We present numerical and approximate analytical results for the detector’s transition rate both for circularly polarized and for polarized monochromatic, unidirectional, gravitational waves.
Vector boson oscillator in the near-horizon of the BTZ black hole
Authors: Guvendi Abdullah , Dogan Semra Gurtas
Published: December 2022

We investigate the interaction of a generalized vector boson oscillator with the near-horizon geometry of the Bañados–Teitelboim–Zanelli (BTZ) black hole and try to determine the corresponding quasibound state frequencies. To do this, we seek an analytical solution of the relativistic vector boson equation, derived as an excited state of Zitterbewegung, with Cornell-type non-minimal coupling in the near-horizon geometry of the BTZ black hole. The vector boson equation includes a symmetric spinor of rank two and this allows to obtain an analytical solution of the corresponding equation. By imposing appropriate boundary conditions, we show that it is possible to arrive at a relativistic frequency (ω) expression in the form of

. Our results show that real (

) and damped (

) oscillations depend on the parameters of the background geometry, coefficients of the non-minimal coupling and strength of the oscillator. This allows us to analyse the effects of both non-minimal coupling and spacetime parameters on the evolution of the considered vector field. We discuss the results in details and see also that the background is stable under the perturbation field in question.
Narrow-line cooling of 87Rb using 5S

1/2→

6P

3/2

open transition at 420 nm
Authors: Das Rajnandan Choudhury , Shylla Dangka , Bera Arkapravo , Pandey Kanhaiya
Published: December 2022

A magneto-optical trap (MOT) at narrow transition offers lower temperature and hence is the key for producing a high phase density atomic cloud and subsequently quantum degeneracy with a large number of atoms for many elements. In this paper, we describe the loading of 87Rb atoms in the MOT using a narrow open transition (5S

1

/

2

→

6P

3

/

2

) at 420 nm (i.e. blue MOT) from the routinely implemented MOT using a broad cyclic transition (5S

1

/

2

→

5P

3

/

2

) at 780 nm (i.e. IR MOT). Using the four times narrower transition, we have trapped around 108 atoms in the MOT with a typical temperature of around

54
 
μ

K. We have also studied the behavior of the blue MOT with various parameters such as hold time, detuning, and power of trapping and repumper beams.
Evidence of lattice strain as a precursor to superconductivity in BaPb0.75Bi0.25O3
Authors: Bharath M , Brar Jaskirat , Pant Himanshu , Ali Asif , Bansal Sakshi , Singh Ravi Shankar , Bindu R
Published: December 2022

In this work, we have investigated the precursor effects to superconductivity in BaPb0.75Bi0.25O3 using temperature dependent resistivity, x-ray diffraction technique and photoemission spectroscopy. The present compound exhibits superconductivity around 11 K (

T

C

). The synthesis procedure adopted is much simpler as compared to the procedure available in the literature. In the temperature range (10 K–25 K) i.e. above

T

C

, our results show an increase in both the orthorhombic and tetragonal strain. The well screened features observed in Bi and Pb 4

f

7

/

2

core levels are indicative of the metallic nature of the sample. The compound exhibits finite intensity at the Fermi level at 300 K and this intensity decreases with decrease in temperature and develops into a pseudogap; the energy dependence of the spectral density of states suggests disordered metallic state. Furthermore, our band structure calculations reveal that the structural transition upon Pb doping results in the closing of the band gap at the Fermi level.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on 2D time-frequency images and data augmentation technique
Authors: Fu Wenlong , Jiang Xiaohui , Li Bailin , Tan Chao , Chen Baojia , Chen Xiaoyue
Published: December 2022

It confronts great difficulty to apply the traditional rolling bearing fault diagnosis methods to adaptively extract features conducive to fault diagnosis under complex operating conditions, and obtaining numerous fault data under real operating conditions is difficult and costly. To address this problem, a fault diagnosis method based on two-dimensional time-frequency images and data augmentation is proposed. To begin with, the original one-dimensional time series signal is converted into two-dimensional time-frequency images by continuous wavelet transform to obtain the input data suitable for two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN). Secondly, data augmentation technique is employed to expand labeled fault data. Finally, the generated and original fault data are served as training samples to train the fault diagnosis model based on CNNs. Experimental studies are conducted on standard and real-world datasets to validate the proposed method and demonstrate its superiority over the traditional methods in detecting bearing faults.