bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recovery of mitochondrial DNA for systematic studies of Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): successful PCR on early 20th century dry museum specimens
Authors: LIS JERZY A. , ZIAJA DARIUSZ J. , LIS PAWEŁ
Published: January 2019

First molecular studies on museum specimens of five families of pentatomoid bugs, namely Cydnidae, Dinidoridae, Parastrachiidae, Tessaratomidae, and Thyreocoridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomoidea), are presented, as a preliminary approach to molecular phylogenetic analyses of these families. Forty-eight pin-mounted museum specimens representing 46 pentatomoid species collected in the late 19 th and the 20 th century (more than 15 years old, the oldest specimen collected in 1894) were analyzed; and the acquisition of PCR amplifiable mitochondrial DNA (16S and/or 12S rDNA fragments) was successful from 10 specimens, i.e., 2 specimens (2 species) of Cydnidae, 4 specimens (4 species) of Dinidoridae, 1 specimen (1 species) of Parastrachiidae, 1 specimen (1 species) of Tessaratomidae, and 2 specimens (2 species) of Thyreocoridae. The oldest PCR amplifiable mtDNA sample was extracted from Strombosoma impictum (Stål) (Thyreocoridae) collected in 1932 in Zaire.
A new species of Branchinecta (Crustacea: Anostraca) with comments on the large branchiopod crustaceans of Kansas
Authors: ROGERS D. CHRISTOPHER , DASIS DON , MURROW DANIEL G.
Published: January 2019

Branchinecta mediospinosa, a new species of fairy shrimp, is described from a single artificial temporary pool in Kansas, USA. The type locality has since been destroyed. The new species shares several characters with Branchinecta lindahli and B. constricta including the general form of the male second antennal distal antennomere. However, B. mediospinosa males are readily separated from all other Branchinecta species by the presence of an apically spiniform projection on the second antenna proximal antennomere medial surface. Female B. mediospinosa also strongly resemble female B. lindahli, however B. mediospinosa has hemispherical dorsolateral projections on thoracic segments IV to X, whereas in B. lindahli they occur on IV to XI, and in B. constricta they appear on IV to XII. The Anostraca of Kansas and the Great Plains are briefly discussed, and new large branchiopod records are presented.
A new species of whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoid(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from desert lavender in California
Authors: POLASZEK ANDREW , GILL RAYMOND
Published: January 2019

Aleuropleurocelus hyptisemoryi Gill sp.n. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoid, Encarsia heratyi Polaszek sp.n. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) are described. Both species are known so far only from desert lavender (Hyptis emoryi) in California, but are likely to be more widely distributed. Encarsia heratyi, a member of the Encarsia parvella-group, is separated from apparently closely-related species in that group.
A new species of Terellia (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Iran with a key to the species of the tarbinskiorum group
Authors: NAMIN SAEED MOHAMADZADE , NOZARI JAMASB , NAJARPOOR AREZOO
Published: January 2019

Terellia korneyevorum sp. nov., reared from flower heads of Echinops spp. is described from Iran. It is similar to T. tarbinskiorum Korneyev and T. bushi Korneyev in its mesonotum pattern and male genitalia structure, differing by its narrow, widely separated preapical and apical crossbands. The three species are separated from the quadratula group of species to form a new group; the diagnosis of the tarbinskiorum group of species is given. All the species of this group share presence of three pairs of black shining spots on the scutum, one on the transverse suture, one at the dorsocentral and one at prescutellar acrostichal seta base. They also share such a pattern with the species of Orellia Robineau-Desvoidy 1830, differing by the structure of male genitalia and different host plants. A key to the species of tarbinskiorum group is given.
A review of the genus Insigniocastnia J.Y. Miller, 2007 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with notes on Castnia amalthaea H. Druce, 1890
Authors: WORTHY ROBERT , GONZÁLEZ JORGE M. , RÍOS SERGIO D.
Published: January 2019

It is proposed that two little-known species of Castniidae which have been traditionally assigned to the genus Athis Hūbner belong to other genera; in addition, both have been found to have better-known junior synonyms. The statuses of the following taxa have been revised in this work: Castnia amalthaea H. Druce comb. rest., Castnia lecerfi Dalla Torre syn. nov., Castnia minerva R. Krüger syn. nov., Insigniocastnia bogota (Strand) comb. nov. and Insigniocastnia taisae J. Y. Miller syn. nov. A revision is presented for the genus Insigniocastnia J. Y. Miller. The female of I. bogota (Strand) has been unknown since its original description; it is herein described and illustrated for the first time.
The Annual Cycle of Northern Hemisphere Storm Tracks. Part II: Regional Detail
Authors: Hoskins B. J. , Hodges K. I.
Published: January 2019

In Part I of this study, the annual cycle of the Northern Hemisphere storm tracks was investigated using feature tracking and Eulerian variance-based diagnostics applied to both the vorticity and meridional wind fields. Results were presented and discussed for the four seasons at both upper- (250 hPa) and lower- (850 hPa) tropospheric levels. Here, using the meridional wind diagnostics, the annual cycles of the North Pacific and North Atlantic storm tracks are examined in detail. This is done using monthly and 20° longitudinal sector averages. Many sectors have been considered, but the focus is on sectors equally spaced in the two main oceanic storm tracks situated at their western, central, and eastern regions, with the western ones being mainly over the upstream continents. The annual cycles of the upper- and lower-tropospheric storm tracks in the central and eastern Pacific, as well as in the western and central Atlantic sectors, all have rather similar structures. In amplitude, each sector at both levels has a summer minimum and a relatively uniform strength from October to April, despite the strong winter maxima in the westerly jets. However, high-intensity storms occur over a much wider latitudinal band in winter. The storm track in each sector moves poleward from May to August and returns equatorward from October to December, and there is a marked asymmetry between spring and autumn. There are many differences between the North Pacific and North Atlantic storm tracks, and some of these seem to have their origin in the behavior over the upstream East Asian and North American continents, suggesting the importance of seeding from these regions. The East Asian storm track near 48°N has marked spring and autumn maxima and weak amplitude in winter and summer. The 33°N track is strong only in the first half of the year. In contrast, the eastern North American storm track is well organized throughout the year, around the baroclinicity that moves latitudinally with the seasons. The signatures associated with these features are found to gradually decrease downstream in each case. In particular, there is very little latitudinal movement in the storm track in the eastern Atlantic.
Strategies Employed by Community-Based Service Providers to Address HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Challenges: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Liboro Renato M. , Rourke Sean B. , Ibañez-Carrasco Francisco , Eaton Andrew , Pugh Daniel , Medina Claudia , Rae Allan , Shuper Paul A. , Ross Lori E.
Published: January 2019

Background:

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and other causes of neurocognitive challenges experienced by people living with HIV (PLWH) persist as public health concerns in developed countries. Consequently, PLWH who experience neurocognitive challenges increasingly require social support and mental health services from community-based providers in the HIV sector.

Methods:

Thirty-three providers from 22 AIDS service organizations across Ontario, Canada, were interviewed to determine the strategies they used to support PLWH experiencing neurocognitive difficulties. Thematic analysis was conducted to determine key themes from the interview data.

Results:

Three types of strategies were identified: (a) intrapersonal, (b) interpersonal, and (c) organizational. Intrapersonal strategies involved learning and staying informed about causes of neurocognitive challenges. Interpersonal strategies included providing practical assistance, information, counseling, and/or referrals to PLWH. Organizational strategies included creating dedicated support groups for PLWH experiencing neurocognitive challenges, partnering with other organizations with services not available within their own organization, and advocating for greater access to services with expertise and experience working with PLWH.

Conclusion:

Through concerted efforts in the future, it is likely that empirically investigating, developing, and customizing these strategies specifically to address HIV-associated neurocognitive challenges will yield improved social support and mental health outcomes for PLWH.
Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients With Leiomyosarcoma With Progressive Disease
Authors: Hemming Matthew L. , Klega Kelly , Rhoades Justin , Ha Gavin , Acker Kate E. , Andersen Jessica L. , Thai Edwin , Nag Anwesha , Thorner Aaron R. , Raut Chandrajit P. , George Suzanne , Crompton Brian D.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a soft-tissue sarcoma characterized by multiple copy number alterations (CNAs) and without common recurrent single-nucleotide variants. We evaluated the feasibility of detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with next-generation sequencing in a cohort of patients with LMS whose tumor burden ranged from no evidence of disease to metastatic progressive disease.

Patients and Methods

We evaluated cell-free DNA in plasma samples and paired genomic DNA from resected tumors from patients with LMS by ultra-low passage whole-genome sequencing. Sequencing reads were aligned to the human genome and CNAs that were identified in cell-free DNA and tumor DNA by ichorCNA software to determine the presence of ctDNA. Clinical data were reviewed to assess disease burden and clinicopathologic features.

Results

We identified LMS ctDNA in 11 (69%) of 16 patients with disease progression and total tumor burden greater than 5 cm. Sixteen patients with stable disease or low disease burden at the time of blood draw were found to have no detectable ctDNA. Higher ctDNA fraction of total cell-free DNA was associated with increasing tumor size and disease progression. Conserved CNAs were found between primary tumors and ctDNA in each case, and recurrent CNAs were found across LMS samples. ctDNA levels declined after resection of progressive disease in one case and became detectable upon disease relapse in another individual patient.

Conclusion

These results suggest that ctDNA, assayed by a widely available sequencing approach, may be useful as a biomarker for a subset of patients with uterine and extrauterine LMS. Higher levels of ctDNA correlate with tumor size and disease progression. Liquid biopsies may assist in guiding treatment decisions, monitoring response to systemic therapy, surveying for disease recurrence, and differentiating benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors.
Mechanical properties of the wave-swept kelp, Egregia menziesii, change with season, growth rate, and herbivore wounds
Authors: Burnett Nicholas P. , Koehl M. A. R.
Published: January 2019

The resistance of macroalgae to damage by hydrodynamic forces depends on the mechanical properties of their tissues. Although factors such as water-flow environment, algal growth rate, and damage by herbivores have been shown to influence various material properties of macroalgal tissues, the interplay of these factors as they change seasonally and affect algal mechanical performance has not been worked out. We used the perennial kelp, Egregia menziesii, to study how the material properties of the rachis supporting a frond changed seasonally over a two-year period, and how those changes correlated with seasonal patterns of the environment, growth rate, and herbivore load. Rachis tissue became stiffer, stronger, and less extensible with age (distance from the meristem). Thus, slowly-growing rachises were stiffer, stronger, and tougher than rapidly-growing ones. Growth rates were highest in spring and summer when upwelling and long periods of daylight occurred. Therefore, rachis tissue was most resistant to damage in the winter, when waves were large due to seasonal storms. Herbivory was greatest during summer, when rachis growth rates were high. Unlike other macroalgae, E. menziesii, did not respond to herbivore damage by increasing rachis tissue strength, but rather by growing in width so that the cross-sectional area of the wounded rachis was increased. The relative timing of environmental factors that affect growth rates (e.g., upwelling supply of nutrients, daylight duration) and of those that can damage macroalgae (e.g. winter storms, summer herbivore outbreaks), can influence the material properties and thus the mechanical performance of macroalgae.
Hawaiian monk seals exhibit behavioral flexibility when targeting prey of different size and shape
Authors: Kienle Sarah S. , Cacanindin Aliya , Kendall Traci , Richter Beau , Ribeiro-French Courtney , Castle Leann , Lentes Gwen , Costa Daniel P. , Mehta Rita S.
Published: January 2019

Animals use diverse feeding strategies to capture and consume prey, with many species switching between strategies to accommodate different prey. Many marine animals exhibit behavioral flexibility when feeding to deal with spatial and temporal heterogeneity in prey resources. However, little is known about flexibility in the feeding behavior of many large marine predators. Here, we documented the feeding behavior and kinematics of the critically endangered Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi, n=7) through controlled feeding trials. Seals were fed multiple prey types (e.g., night smelt, capelin, squid, and herring) that varied in size and shape to examine behavioral flexibility in feeding. Hawaiian monk seals primarily used suction feeding (91% of all feeding trials) across all prey types, but biting, specifically pierce feeding, was also observed (9% of all feeding trials). Suction feeding was characterized by shorter temporal events, a smaller maximum gape and gape angle, and a fewer number of jaw motions than pierce feeding; suction feeding kinematic performance was also more variable compared to pierce feeding. Seals showed behavioral flexibility in their use of the two strategies. Suction feeding was used most frequently when targeting small to medium sized prey and biting was used with increasing frequency on larger prey. The feeding kinematics differed between feeding strategies and prey types, showing that Hawaiian monk seals adjusted their behaviors to particular feeding contexts. Hawaiian monk seals are opportunistic marine predators and their ability to adapt their feeding strategy and behavior to specific foraging scenarios allows them to target diverse prey resources.
Detection of avascular necrosis on routine diffusion-weighted whole body MRI in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Ahmed Naeem , Sriskandarajah Priya , Burd Christian , Riddell Angela , Boyd Kevin , Kaiser Martin , Messiou Christina
Published: January 2019

Objective:

Current therapies for multiple myeloma, which include corticosteroids, increase risk of avascular necrosis. The aim of this study was to assess incidental detection of femoral head avascular necrosis on routine whole body MRI including diffusion weighted MRI.

Methods:

All whole body MRI studies, performed on patients with known multiple myeloma between 1 January 2010 to 1 May 2017 were assessed for features of avascular necrosis.

Results:

650 whole body MR scans were analysed. 15 patients (6.6%) had typical MR features of avascular necrosis: 2/15 (13.3%) had femoral head collapse, 4/15 (26.7%) had bilateral avascular necrosis and 9/15 (60%) were asymptomatic.

Conclusion:

This is the first report of avascular necrosis detected on routine whole body MRI in patients with multiple myeloma. Targeted review of femoral heads in multiple myeloma patients undergoing whole body MR is recommended, including in patients without symptoms.

Advances in knowledge:

Whole body MR which includes diffusion-weighted MRI is extremely sensitive for evaluation of bone marrow. Although whole body MRI is primarily used for evaluation of multiple myeloma disease burden, it also presents an unique opportunity to evaluate the femoral heads for signs of avascular necrosis which can predate symptoms.
Textural analysis and lung function study: Predicting lung fitness for radiotherapy from a CT scan
Authors: Phillips Iain , Ezhil Veni , Hussein Mohammad , South Christopher , Nisbet Andrew , Alobaidli Sheaka , Prakash Vineet , Ajaz Mazhar , Wang Helen , Evans Philip
Published: January 2019

Objective:

This study tested the hypothesis that shows advanced image analysis can differentiate fit and unfit patients for radical radiotherapy from standard radiotherapy planning imaging, when compared to formal lung function tests, FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and TLCO (transfer factor of carbon monoxide).

Methods:

An apical region of interest (ROI) of lung parenchyma was extracted from a standard radiotherapy planning CT scan. Software using a grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) assigned an entropy score to each voxel, based on its similarity to the voxels around it.

Results:

Density and entropy scores were compared between a cohort of 29 fit patients (defined as FEV1 and TLCO above 50 % predicted value) and 32 unfit patients (FEV1 or TLCO below 50% predicted). Mean and median density and median entropy were significantly different between fit and unfit patients (p = 0.005, 0.0008 and 0.0418 respectively; two-sided Mann–Whitney test).

Conclusion:

Density and entropy assessment can differentiate between fit and unfit patients for radical radiotherapy, using standard CT imaging.

Advances in knowledge:

This study shows that a novel assessment can generate further data from standard CT imaging. These data could be combined with existing studies to form a multiorgan patient fitness assessment from a single CT scan.
Politics and palliative care: Zimbabwe
Authors: Smyth Dion
Published: January 2019

Dion Smyth's review of palliative nursing on the internet
The experience of women living with pelvic girdle pain and participation in activity after childbirth
Authors: Elkins-Bushnell Rosie , Boyle Paul
Published: January 2019

Background/Aims:

Pelvic girdle pain is a musculoskeletal condition associated with pregnancy that can continue long-term after childbirth. At the moment, there is limited information as to how to support women with this condition. The aim of this study was to explore the occupational difficulties that are experienced by women with pelvic girdle pain, and acquire an understanding as to how they participate in activity.

Methods:

Five women experiencing pelvic girdle pain after childbirth were recruited purposively through a charity in the UK. A qualitative study drawing upon hermeneutic theory was conducted using semi-structured interviews. The data were then transcribed and analysed by way of thematic analysis.

Findings:

Four themes emerged from the data including: activity affected by pelvic girdle pain; factors restricting participation in activity; factors promoting participation in activity; and the emotional impact of a change in participation.

Conclusions:

This study highlights the broad range of activities that are affected by this condition, and the complex interplay between internal and external factors that can impact on participation. The findings may assist health professionals when considering ways of supporting women living with pelvic girdle pain after childbirth.
A comparison of subtraction MRI with the standard contrast-enhanced imaging in Perthes’ disease
Authors: Jamil K. , Walker T. , Onikul E. , Munns C. F. , Little D. G.
Published: January 2019

Purpose Perthes’ disease (PD) results from loss of blood supply to the hip and can progress to femoral head deformity. MRI in the early course of the disease can provide data on the initial extent of infarct. Vascularity of the femoral head is assessed by gadolinium-enhanced MRI (contrast MRI), which may be improved by the digital subtraction technique (subtraction MRI). We hypothesized that gadolinium-enhanced MRI without subtraction was comparable with subtraction MRI in depicting the femoral head perfusion. Methods In all, 34 patients (34 hips) with unilateral PD had gadolinium-enhanced MRI as part of a prospectively randomized study. Nine patients had three MRIs, 15 had two and ten had a single MRI. Measurement of perfusion of the femoral head (MRI perfusion index) was obtained using digital image analysis on all the MRIs, including both before and after subtraction. A paired sample t-test was performed to compare the measurements. Results The mean age of the patients was 8.9 years (sd 1.6). At the time of diagnosis, the subtraction MRI did not elicit a statistically significant difference in MRI perfusion index measurements when compared with the contrast MRI (p = 0.19). The same findings were found when including all patients at various stages of the disease (p = 0.30). Qualitatively, although some subtraction MRI images showed superior delineation of epiphysis, there are no significant differences throughout the whole series. Conclusion Although the current literature supports the increasing role of the subtraction MRI for PD management, our study proposed that the contrast MRI without subtraction technique appears adequate in assessing femoral head perfusion. Level of Evidence Level I - Diagnostic study
The genealogy of the textbook as an educational form: Orality and literacy in education
Authors: Friesen Norm
Published: January 2019

In this article, I provide a short but broad history of the textbook as a multimedia pedagogical and cultural form. In doing so, I pay particular attention to the interrelationship of oral and textual media and cultures, highlighting the ways that these two communicative modes are reconfigured over the history of this pedagogical form. I also situate the textbook in the context of changing instructional methods and practices, and I demonstrate that instructional forms and practices have neither progressed along with new technologies nor gradually evolved from a primitive orality to sophisticated literacy. Instead, I show that these practices as well as textbook media change much more in synchrony with larger cultural and epistemological developments – such as those identified by Michel Foucault, Friedrich Kittler and other historians of media and culture.
Working through immigration with images
Authors: Kjeldsen Jens E.
Published: January 2019

Photojournalism is a vital resource for thinking, feeling, expressing, acting and dealing with problems of collective living, argues Robert Hariman and John Louis Lucaites. It is a kind of ‘equipment for living’. This article proposes the concept rhetorical working through as a way of describing how photojournalistic rhetoric functions as ‘equipment for living’. It argues that humans constantly perform three kinds of rhetorical working through: dealing with issues and arguments, dealing with social relations and dealing with identity and self.
Experimental phenomenology in the development of a colocative audio-visual display
Authors: Filimowicz Michael
Published: January 2019

This article describes the methodological background for perceptual studies conducted on the author’s Pixelphonic display – a system that colocates visuals and their associated sounds in moving image displays. The concept of Pixelphonics is to add a spatial complement to synchronized sound, so that audio can now be in place with its image, in addition to being in time with it. Methods grounded in experimental phenomenology are used to better understand the general perceptual response to the system, which works by attaching a 2D array of audio exciters to the backside of a screen, connected to signal distribution and software. Findings show the general efficacy of the system and adequate perceptual resolution for further development and refinement of the display. One experiment is selected for discussion to illustrate the approach.
Samba and the descent into violence in City of God
Authors: Anselmo Hess Hans Michael
Published: January 2019

The soundtrack analysis for Cidade de Deus (City of God) (2002) demonstrates how the 1960s samba songs ‘Alvorada’ (‘Dawn’) and ‘Preciso Me Encontrar’ (‘I Need to Find Myself’) used in the film represent the samba lírico-amoroso and the depictions of rural living, idyllic favela, naivety and the hope and desire for a better life as well as a love for the romantic frustrations in the life of the malandro. As the story of the film moves into a new period and the favela descends into a world of drugs, violence and death, samba changes its use and representational function in the film.
Secular Trend in the Incidence of Japanese Employees with Thyroid Cancer Undergoing Thyroidectomy from 2005 to 2014: a Retrospective Descriptive Study Using an Employment-Based Insurance Claims Database
Authors: Noguchi Yasushi , Urushihara Hisashi , Sakata Yukinori , Nagamune Hitomi , Daidoji Kasumi , Ishii Mika , Geary Stewart
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to investigate the trend of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy and those undergoing fine needle aspiration (FNA) and its relationship with thyroid cancer, using a large-scale, real-world database established based on the employment-based health insurance claims data in Japan. In this retrospective descriptive study, annual incidence rates of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy and FNA from 2005 to 2014 were calculated. Among the 3,130,757 enrollees, 926 patients were diagnosed with thyroid cancer and underwent thyroidectomies. The annual incidence of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy increased from 5.4 (95% confidence interval 95% CI, 3.4–8.5) in 2005 to 11.7 (10.1–13.5) per 100,000 patient-years in 2013, with a gradual increase among patients in their 20s and 30s and with the most notable increase among those in their 40s and 50s. The annual FNA rate also increased during those years, whereas no noticeable change was observed in the thyroid cancer detection rate. The incidence rates of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy and those undergoing FNA were strongly correlated, with Pearson’s correlation coefficients of 0.935 for men and 0.886 for women. In conclusion, an increasing trend in the incidence of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy was observed from 2005 to 2013 among a large group of Japanese employees of working age and their dependents. These results provide useful information on the impact of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy on the working population.
Surra: Trypanosomiasis in Livestock is Potential as Zoonotic Disease
Authors: Wardhana April Hari , Savitri Dyah H
Published: January 2019

Trypanosoma evansi is one of blood protozoans having the most wide distribution region compared to other Trypanosome species. The parasite causes trypanosomiasis known as Surra. The disease may cause mortality to the infected animals. In general T evansi only attack animal and cannot infect humans due to apolipoprotein 1 (Apo L-1) in human serum. The protein possess trypanolitic activity feature against T. evansi and effectively eliminates the protozoa. However, the knowledge of Surra infecting animals changed because there were atypical human trypanosomiasis cases reported in some countries due to T. evansi. The human Surra case occurred in Vietnam demonstrated that person with Apo L-1 could be infected by T. evansi. There was resistant strain of T. evansi found which able to disrupt human immune system. This paper will discuss Surra cases in both humans and animals, including mechanism of Apo L-1 on eliminating the parasite. Surra cases in human and animal should be seriously concerned because Surra could be pontential zoonosis threating human health.
Through years, across distances…
Authors: Gerasimov Gregory A.
Published: January 2019

Medicine is an ancient science. In the modern sense, the medical profession began to form after bloodletting as a universal way of restoring the balance of bodily juices was replaced by more scientific and less crippling methods. But in medical practice it often happens that new methods of diagnosis and treatment get along with very ancient ones, and some traditional approaches, that previously had no reliable justification, receive solid scientific support. This historic process closely resembles the flow of water in a river: fast in the rapids, slow along the shores and sedentary in quiet creeks, at the bottom of which one can find shabby garbage brought by floods. All this is in a circuit – something disappears in the abyss, and something suddenly floats to the surface. The scandal in the USA with the recall of a medicine made from desiccated and dried porcine thyroid gland reminded us that some concoctions, which have been known since the times of ancient Chinese medicine, and drugs that appeared relatively recently thanks to modern pharmacology can easily coexist in clinical practice. With one essential caveat: the quality of such concoctions should be controlled as carefully as the newest drugs. Modern technologies have allowed us to analyze the genome of the inhabitants of our internal organs, that constitute the human microbiome. This made it possible to rehabilitate the concept of dysbacteriosis (dysbiosis), which was previously considered anti-scientific. For example, intestinal bacteria are able to compete with the host organism for selenium and even capable of aggravating its deficiency, as well as modulating the bioavailability of iodothyronines. It is possible that intestinal dysbiosis may be one of the causes of thyroxine malabsorption. All these and much more in this column “De Gustibus”.
Bunkerrepublik Deutschland
Authors: Klinke Ian
Published: January 2019

Führende westdeutsche Militärs, Ingenieure und Zivilverteidiger waren im Kalten Krieg der 1950er- und 1960er-Jahre von einer Idee umgetrieben: Geopolitische Fragen müssen im dreidimensionalen Raum ausgefochten werden! Doch wie wurde diese Idee umgesetzt und was genau bedeutete das für die Bundesrepublik und ihre Bevölkerung? Mit Hilfe der kritischen Sozialtheorie und der Analyse eines weit gefassten Spektrums von Quellen untersucht Ian Klinke insbesondere die zwei komplementären architektonischen Strukturen unter der Erde, die das Leben im Atomkrieg sowohl schützen als auch vernichten sollten: den Atombunker und das taktische Atomwaffenlager. Die Konsequenz daraus ist eine notwendige Neubewertung der Geschichte der Geo- und auch der Biopolitik.
Instytut Historii Nauki Polskiej Akademii Nauk w latach 1953-2003. Księga jubileuszowa z okazji pięćdziesięciolecia działalności, pod red. Joanny Schiller i Leszka Zasztowta, Warszawa 2004, ss. 507.
Authors: Posłuszna Małgorzata
Published: January 2019

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Danuta Apanel, Instytucjonalna opieka całkowita nad dzieckiem na Pomorzu Środkowym w latach 1945-1975, Wydawnictwo Pomorskiej Akademii Pedagogicznej w Słupsku, Słupsk 2006, ss. 218
Authors: Jamrożek Wiesław
Published: January 2019

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Studenci przeciwko barierom
Authors: Fetzki Tomasz
Published: January 2019

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Konferencja w Kamieniu Śląskim
Authors: Gulczyńska Joanna
Published: January 2019

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Wychowanie ku „najwyższym” wartościom w działalności i programie „Eleusis” w okresie niewoli narodowej
Authors: Głowacka-Sobiech Edyta
Published: January 2019

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Potrzeby kadrowe szkolnictwa powszechnego na Warmii i Mazurach w łatach 1945-1948
Authors: Radziszewska Maria
Published: January 2019

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Zjazd Łódzki i odrodzenie Związku Harcerstwa Polskiego w 1956 roku
Authors: Głowacka-Sobiech Edyta
Published: January 2019

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Ironia, mejoza i hiperbola
Authors: Schrott Raoul , Jakobs Arthur
Published: January 2019

The subject of the translated article is irony understood as one of the formative elements of human speech. The author discusses the etymology of this idea, referring primarily to its definition formulated by Socrates, showing its relations with sarcasm, cynicism, meiosis and hyperbole. In terms of content, irony also has a moral element, since it is a challenge to traditional ideas, beliefs or shared cultural references. Irony is also a stylistic convention of poetics, helping to portray in literature what is paradoxical and ambiguous.
Mózg i Sztuka: zmarszczka (cyber)przestrzeni
Authors: Hoffmann-Dietrich Joanna
Published: January 2019

In my text I refer to contemporary art practices, including my own artistic investigations and intuitions; questioning creative powers of the human brain-mind system in the world increasingly dependent on and transformed by Big Data. Currently, with the global revolution of knowledge, driven by scientific and technological progress, creativity and innovation acquire special economic and social values. Research on biochemical processes accompanying creative behaviour stimulates the synergy between artistic, scientific and engineering communities. The acquired knowledge is used in medicine, biotechnology and various types of therapies as well as in deep learning methods. Increasing the efficiency of artificial intelligence systems that quickly take control over all areas of our lives. Will the nascent Internet-of-all-Things transform itself into the Internet-of-all Minds? As an artist, I pose myself a question, which artistic practices may emerge from the marriage of biological and digital algorithms? The future has many scenarios and shades…
Pamięć Włoch Wojciecha Karpińskiego w perspektywie teorii neuroestetycznej Semira Zekiego
Authors: Trygar Barbara
Published: January 2019

The aim of this article is to analyse Memory of Italy by Wojchech Karpinski in the in the prospect of the neuroaesthetic Semira Zeki theory. A works of art is an appropriately fabricated stimulus which is aimed at reprimanding the recipient. Evoking emotions at the spectator defined is included in nature of the works of art. The travel to Italy lets the hero experience the beauty, to find out the truth about world and about oneself, as well as to commune with the transcendental dimension.
„Nie myślę, lecz jestem”: mózg, umysł i serce filmowej postaci zombie w kontekście paradygmatu posthumanistycznego
Authors: Nowakowski Jacek
Published: January 2019

The article presents the character of the zombie popular in the contemporary audio-visual culture by placing it in the context of post humanist paradigm. He concentrates on the brain symbolism representative for the character, which, in the classical understanding of the living dead, due to dissimilar functioning, makes it different from humans and their brain-like traits: the mind and heart. Analysing the recent films such as Warm Bodies and The Girl with All the Gifts, he demonstrates the present inadequacy of such a division. Unlike the classical Night of the Living Dead, they are in line with post anthropocentric and new materialism philosophy, by differently symbolically depicting the role and place of the human in the world. It is presently tantamount to the place of non-humans: animals, objects, artefacts and monsters including the living dead. The change of the cultural and film paradigm observed in zombie horrors indicates a deeper strategy of authors of those popular films.
Bringing back the image into its frame: Barthes’ soldier and the contextual frame of human perception and interpretation of signs
Authors: Safavi Sarvenaz , Gümüş Agah
Published: January 2019

In this article, the authors try to review the Paris-Match cover page (No. 326 from 1955) analyzed by Roland Barthes and introduces a new model of analyzing sign system from a new semiotic approach based on the new definition of the context. This research is based on three layers of the context and shows that understanding the cover page of a magazine or any other kind of text is not only absolute but also somehow relative due to the different background knowledge of the audience. This means that human sees the Context A, or what is designed, in the situation of Context B, or situational context, and interpret based on their Context C, or background knowledge of the audience.
Studying Each Other
Authors: Meadow Tey
Published: January 2019

The introduction sets the stage for the intricate discussion of a new identity category, the transgender child, and the first generation of families actively facilitating gender nonconformity. In a context of rapidly shifting legal, administrative, and social norms around gender, new possibilities for gendered life are emerging. These possibilities underscore that gender transgression no longer merely incites sanction; now it can also lead others to change social gender assignations. Rather than disrupting the gender order, these new forms of gender underscore gender’s increasing importance to psychic and relational life and its further embedding in the fabric of social institutions.
The Gender Clinic
Authors: Meadow Tey
Published: January 2019

In previous generations, families with significantly gender-transgressive children would almost uniformly bring their child for corrective psychiatric treatment, if they had sufficient financial means. Today they are doing something different. This chapter follows families through the arduous process of medical decision making for transgender-identified adolescents. The anxiety generated by the gravity of social and medical decisions underwrites a rapidly expanding research agenda by clinicians seeking stable predictors for adult transgenderism. Chief among its architects is Dr. Ken Zucker, who once ran the world’s most respected clinic treating transgender youth. We enter the clinic and meet some of the families who utilized its services, and then we accompany Dr. Zucker as he faces his dismissal and the subsequent closure of his clinic. The complexity of these medical decisions and the rapid reinterpretation of Zuckert’s clinic from the very vanguard childhood gender to a relic of an outmoded and largely abandoned clinical practice tell the story of larger cultural shifts in the psychology of gender.
Curtain
Authors: Kreuzer Gundula
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores how the proscenium curtain, previously simply a spatial and temporal frame for the performance, increasingly mediated between sound and sight. In the late eighteenth century, Grétry and other composers had begun to align the curtain’s movements with both music and drama, and during the nineteenth century, the curtain became increasingly expressive. Thus, for example, an early opening curtain might allow for pantomimic scene-setting, while “delayed” curtains could mask diegetic sound. Rossini’s prematurely closing curtain conveyed continuing drama. Novel drop scenes masking mid-act transformations further expanded the curtain’s functions and shapes. In prescribing curtain tempi as atmospheric indictors, Wagner built on such practices, his heightened attention producing the flexible “Wagner curtain” at Bayreuth. Few composers subsequently omitted curtain directions, with Berg’s scores completing the curtain’s musicalization. It was consequential, then, that Brecht dismissed the full-length curtain in his battle against illusionist theater.
Epilogue
Authors: Kreuzer Gundula
Published: January 2019

Looking beyond individual stage technologies, the epilogue proposes that Bayreuth’s Festspielhaus can be understood as a preelectric recording machine, and Angelo Neumann’s touring “Wagner Theater” of 1882–83 as its embodied extension. Yet operatic fixity was as illusory as Wagner’s ridding technologies of their technicity, themes explored throughout this book. Even the most advanced devices quickly become obsolete and opaque, and the experience of digital multimedia is more immersive than ever possible for live opera. A discussion of Robert Lepage’s 2010–12 Ring at the Metropolitan Opera challenges the illusionist ideal, while Marina Abramović’s “authentic” productions of recent works reveal the historical contingency of performative effects. Operatic productions by Gob Squad and La Fura dels Baus instead paradigmatically embrace opera’s mixed mediality. The epilogue ends by suggesting that such hypermedial approaches might boost opera’s relevance in the current era of virtual realities, as nostalgia for embodied media encounters the new materialism.
Beyond Illusions
Authors: Block Fred L.
Published: January 2019

This chapter elaborates the kind of reforms that would make sustainable economic growth possible both in the United States and in the world economy. It emphasizes the parallel between the crisis of the 1930s and the problems of the global economy since the 2008 crisis.
From the Melting Pot to the Boiling Pot
Authors: Esch Elizabeth D.
Published: January 2019

At Ford’s Rouge plant, the welfare activities that would earn Ford its reputation around the world were replaced by brutality, surveillance, and arbitrariness in the control of workers. The Rouge plant came fully on line as the new home of Model T production as European immigration to the United States was being curtailed by war and then nearly stopped through the immigration restrictions of 1924. The chapter situates managerial changes in this new reality. It also considers the built environment and management of the Rouge plant in relationship to Ford managers’ political interests in fascism and fascist political interest in Ford. Indeed, the Rouge plant functioned transnationally not as a model of racial integration but as an inspiration of Nazi factory management, a fascist-like factory state run by managers who, at times, professed strong affinities for fascism.
“Work in the Factory Itself ”
Authors: Esch Elizabeth D.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how the Poor White Investigation of the Carnegie Corporation provided a social-scientific rationale for the racial segregation of industrial work with which Ford, who would become one of the most powerful multinational employers in South Africa, complied. Targeted during the antiapartheid movement to divest, the roots of Ford’s relationship with this racist state are in the 1920s and 1930s, built on Ford’s reputation for racial paternalism and so-called progressivism in the United States. In South Africa, an interest in Ford’s processes of mass production and mass consumption were both mobilized in projects of racial improvement, though the Carnegie report specifically endorsed the idea of work in the factory as the most effective route to the racial improvement and discipline of so-called poor whites, recommending “white managerialist” efforts to address the “problem of poor whites.”
Peyote Effect
Authors: Dawson Alexander S.
Published: January 2019

Peyote has marked the boundary between the Indian and the West since it was outlawed by the Spanish Inquisition in 1620. For nearly four centuries, ecclesiastical, legal, scientific, and scholarly authorities have worked to police that boundary and ensure that while indigenous subjects might consume peyote, non-indigenes could not. It is a boundary repeatedly remade, in part because generations of non-indigenes have refused to stay on their side of the line. Moving back and forth across the U.S.-Mexican border, this book explores how battles over who might enjoy the right to consume peyote have unfolded in both countries in the two centuries since Mexican independence. It focuses particularly how these conflicts have contributed to the racially exclusionary system that characterizes modern drug regimes. Through this approach, we also see a surprising history of racial thinking that binds the two countries more closely than we might think.
1917
Authors: Dawson Alexander S.
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the first sustained efforts to enact a federal ban on peyote in the United States. Missionaries and Indian Agents began pressing for a ban in the late nineteenth century, only to be thwarted by Native American peyotists and their allies in the Bureau of American Ethnology, who argued both that peyote worship should be protected by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and that it was not deleterious to the health of individual peyotists. By 1917, however, state governments were beginning to pass local bans, with the first prohibitions passed in Colorado and Utah. In early 1918, the U.S. House of Representatives took up the cause, holding hearings on a proposed ban. The record of those hearings offers a fascinating glimpse into the ways that racial anxieties were articulated through anxieties over peyotism in the early twentieth century. The ban passed the House but failed in the Senate.
1972
Authors: Dawson Alexander S.
Published: January 2019

The 1972 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Drugs created frameworks both for an effort to control the international trade in psychedelic drugs and for an exemption for communities (imagined exclusively as indigenous) where those drugs were used for traditional religious purposes in a largely unadulterated state. The exemption was well suited to the legal environment in the United States but made little sense in Mexico, where peyotism had long been seen as a vice, much like alcoholism. The treaty, however, set the stage for a new generation of activists and scholars to reposition peyotism as a right within the larger right to indigenous self-determination. This chapter traces the emergence of that claim in Mexico, and in particular the role that concerns over peyotism played in this shift. Even as self-determination became the guiding ethos of the INI, federal officials continued to treat peyotists as children, incapable of governing their own affairs. This tension came into high relief in 2009, when the Mexican government issued a series of mining concessions that many believed would do irreparable ecological damage to Wirikuta, the desert where the peyote grows.
Buffers and Bridges
Authors: Jones Nikki
Published: January 2019

Chapter 4 highlights the strategies Eric and the men of Brothers Changing the Hood used in their efforts to help young men in their neighborhood. The men met the gendered expectations of being protectors and providers by serving as buffers from the various threats that young men in the neighborhood encounter, from violence to the intervention of law enforcement, and as bridges between other organizations and the young men these organizations often have difficulty reaching. The chapter also illuminates the ways that men extend understandings of Black masculinity by investing in emotional and relational aspects of caregiving. Their efforts reveal that strength need not always be coupled with dominance – a revelation that holds the seeds of a radically redefined understanding of Black gender ideologies. The chapter also provides evidence of the limits of these efforts, especially the degree to which surveillance and state-sanctioned violence can impede men’s efforts to redeem themselves as Black fathers.
In the Field
Authors: Gmelch George , Gmelch Sharon Bohn
Published: January 2019

The authors draw on their 40 years as anthropologists and educators to illustrate through a narrative-style text and photographs what it is like to be an anthropologist and to “do” anthropology—the problems encountered as well as the pleasures and rewards of living in other cultures and learning from other people. Through accounts of their lives and work in varied cultural settings, the authors describe the many forms fieldwork can take, the kinds of questions anthropologists ask, and the common problems they encounter. From these accounts and the experiences of their students, In the Field makes a powerful case for the value of the anthropological approach to knowledge.
Introduction
Authors: Canepa Matthew P.
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores Iranian cosmology, its changing relationship to the geography of Western, Central and South Asia, and the diverse range of dynasties, kingdoms and empires that engaged or laid claim to it. It provides an introduction to Iranian history and religions.