bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rehearsal and preparation for speech in stutterers: a psychophysiological study
Authors: Murray K. S. , Empson J. A. C. , Weaver S. M.
Published: November 2007

Twelve stutterers and twelve non‐stutterers each read out loud following three types of rehearsal: overt rehearsal of the material, silent rehearsal, or inappropriate overt rehearsal (counting backwards). Silent rehearsal impaired performance (fluency) compared to the other conditions. Heart rate measures (HR) and electro‐myography (EMG) did not differentiate stutterers from non‐stutterers, except that EMG immediately before speech was significantly elevated after silent rehearsal for stutterers. The data suggest that silent rehearsal may be accompanied by excessively high muscle tone, and impair rather than facilitate fluency.
Language and speech disorders in children attending a day psychiatric programme
Authors: Kotsopoulos Angelique , Boodoosingh Lal
Published: November 2007

Forty six children referred consecutively to a day psychiatric programme were assessed for speech and language deficits. Thirty three (71.7%) of them presented speech and/or language impairment requiring individual therapy. The study confirmed previous reports on the frequent association between speech and language deficits and psychiatric disorders in children. It is argued that the role of the speech‐language pathologist in child psychiatric services needs redefining.
An adaptation of the Aphasia Screening Test for use with Panjabi speakers
Authors: Mumby Katharyn
Published: November 2007

A paucity of material for assessing dysphasia in Panjabi‐English bilinguals led to the adaptation of the Aphasia Screening Test into Panjabi.

This paper studies the reasons behind choosing the Aphasia Screening Test and the rationale for the adaptation. Cultural, religious and linguistic parameters are analysed and evaluated. The discussion centres around the role of hierarchies and modalities in the assessment of dysphasia. The format of the adaptation allows it to be used by speech therapists who have only a limited knowledge of Panjabi. This is furthered by the provision of treatment leaflets in Panjabi for relatives and friends of the dysphasic.

A method of modifying the Aphasia Screening Test for use with illiterate dysphasic adults is also proposed. Although arising specifically from the Panjabi adaptation, this method may also have applications in other languages.
The LARSP profile of the normal 5 year old, with special reference to phrase structure
Authors: French Ann
Published: November 2007

Although LARSP (Language Assessment, Remediation and Screening Procedure) is a widely used technique in the analysis of expressive grammatical ability in children with language delay or disorder, as yet little guidance is available for evaluating the normalcy of an individual child's profile. This study discusses the difficulty of evaluating LARSP profiles, and suggests that the collection of frequency data from normal children for the occurrence of the various grammatical structures contained in the profile would provide one parameter on which to evaluate. First, frequency data would help the teacher/therapist to decide what structures to teach and in what order, and secondly they would make it easier for the teacher/therapist to decide when a child had achieved a normal profile for his or her chronological age.

As a first step in the provision of such data, an aggregated profile is presented which is derived from the profiles of five normal 5 year olds. A description is given of the general shape of the profile and of the details of phrase structure development. The latter is given particular attention because it seems more liable to distortion by inappropriate teaching. An analysis of lexical items occurring in several major word classes is also made, with suggestions for teaching these classes.
LARSPing by numbers
Authors: Fletcher Paul , Garman Michael
Published: November 2007

The setting up of reference profiles of children's grammatical development, for clinical use, requires explicit attention to a number of factors which may affect reliability. This paper identifies and discusses three of these: segmentation, scoring and sampling. In addition the issue of the supplementation of LARSP by lexical information is addressed, with exemplification.
A follow‐up study of a language intervention programme
Authors: Huntley R. M. C. , Holt K. S. , Butterfill A. , Latham Clare
Published: November 2007

Follow‐up studies 5 years after the end of an intervention programme for children with severe language delay are reported. In the original intervention study the children showed considerable improvement in their language development, were better able to cope with schooling at a critical time in their lives, and more were able to enter normal school.

The follow‐up studies show that the children's improved status in general was maintained, thus providing evidence of the value of the early remedial treatment.
Qualitative research: An additional research methodology for speech pathology?
Authors: Eastwood Jennifer
Published: November 2007

Application of the scientific method to research in speech pathology may be less than adequate to meet the needs of the discipline. Speech pathology has failed to develop the core concepts or paradigms which inform the ‘hard’ sciences, perhaps as a consequence of the unsuitability of experimental research approaches. Qualitative approaches to research allow for a more flexible and comprehensive method of investigation in clinical or research work and are employed by many other disciplines such as sociology and anthropology where the concern of the researcher is to investigate a complex, dynamic social setting or situation. An alteration to research orientation in speech pathology may provide clinicians and researchers with more appropriate and beneficial methodology.
A diagnostic model and a test to assess word‐finding skills in children
Authors: German Diane J.
Published: November 2007

There has been a diagnostic gap in the assessment of word‐finding disorders in children. Although research in this area has continued to document strong correlations between word‐finding skills and low reading achievement, dyslexia, language disorders, learning disabilities, and stuttering there have been no formal standardised measures for the assessment of word‐finding skills in children. The purpose of this paper is to present: (1) a diagnostic model for the assessment of word finding; (2) a literature review that supports this model; (3) a formalised measure, the Test of Word Finding (TWF), which executes this diagnostic model for children. The assessment model includes variation in stimulus context (multiple naming sections); incorporates indices traditionally used to define word‐finding problems in adults and children (accuracy, response time, response analysis and secondary characteristics); and provides for a comprehension assessment of naming errors. Components of this model are discussed with respect to stimulus context, target word frequency, nature of the target word and facilitating cues.
A new look at language and communication in autism
Authors: Frith Uta
Published: November 2007

In this review the specific language and communication impairments of autistic individuals are discussed and contrasted with non‐specific impairments. All the impairments that are unique to autism concern the use of language for the purpose of intentional (but not instrumental) communication. The specific communication failure can be identified with a limitation in the computing of relevance and as a lack of taking account of mental states. This is a consequence of a subtle, but far‐reaching, cognitive dysfunction. The dysfunction is likely to involve the formation and use of second‐order representations. The same problem also leads to specific impairment in social relationships and imaginative play.
The theory of mind hypothesis of autism: Explanation, evidence and assessment
Authors: Boucher Jill
Published: November 2007

The hypothesis that autistic people have impaired metarepresentational ability (and, as one result, lack a ‘theory of mind’) is described in the context of other psychological work concerning the development and function of the human mind. Evidence for the hypothesis is outlined and evaluated. The claim that impaired metarepresentational ability underlies the social, communicative and imaginative deficits of autism (see paper by Uta Frith in this issue) is discussed. It is concluded that impaired metarepresentational ability is unlikely to be the primary, or fundamental, behavioural difficulty in autism, but that the hypothesis provides an important new way of looking at and understanding autistic behaviour.
Auditory impressions of the speech of normal elderly adults
Authors: Amerman James D. , Parnell Martha M.
Published: November 2007

Forty speech‐language pathologists listened to randomised recorded samples of the ‘Grandfather Passage’ read aloud by 10 normal elderly male adults, 10 normal young male adults and 6 dysarthric subjects. The speech samples were rated according to the 38 dimensions devised by Darley and colleagues for the study of the dysarthrias. The ratings of the speech of the older adults fell significantly further from ‘normal’ on a seven‐point continuum than those given to the young adults on nine of the dimensions. The most apparent young/old differences involved laryngeal dimensions. Ratings for the normal geriatric subjects resembled those of the dysarthric groups in some respects. Several instances of misclassification of the normal elderly individuals as ‘dysarthric’ were also observed.
The decision‐making process in child language assessment
Authors: Gerard Kathryn A. , Carson Ewart R.
Published: November 2007

The task of assessing a child's language for the purpose of intervention requires the ability to interpret information from a variety of sources. Knowing how that information is to be used during therapy plays an important part in deciding what type of information needs to be collected and how it will be interpreted. There needs to be a plan that will assist the speech therapist in analysing and interpreting most of the data that would be needed when making therapy‐related diagnostic statements. A systems approach offers concepts and methods for devising a plan which will outline the necessary decisions. The purpose of this paper is to present, in a flow chart, the questions that need to be asked in the process of assessing a child's language development for the purpose of intervention; to indicate the type of information that would be needed to answer the questions; to state how the information would be interpreted; to suggest the type of tools that would be needed to collect this information; and to outline how the information can be presented so that a greater quantity of data can be summarised and interpreted in a systematic manner.
The effect of birth order on the occurrence of developmental language impairment
Authors: Tomblin J. Bruce
Published: November 2007

The birth order of second‐grade children with and without developmental language impairment was obtained to determine if language‐impaired children were more likely to be later born than earlier born. In this study the family size and socioeconomic status of the families for the language‐impaired and normal groups were very similar. Comparison of the distribution of birth ranks between second‐grade language‐impaired and normal second‐grade children failed to show a difference in birth ranks. Further, the distribution of birth ranks of all language‐impaired children within the sibships was not found to show evidence favouring either early or later born birth ranks. Thus, contrary to previous research in which family size and socioeconomic status were not controlled, this study did not provide evidence in support of a birth order effect in developmental language impairment.
Computer‐based tools for assessment and remediation of speech
Authors: Ball Virginia
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

The electrolaryngograph (ELG), first conceived in the 1970s, has been used extensively as a tool in both research and clinical practice. Recent software developments have extended its clinical utility for both quantitative assessment of voice production and as an interactive visual display for remediation and teaching. In this paper, we discuss applications of the electrolaryngograph, highlighting general principles of computer‐based assessment and remediation.

L'electrolaryngographe (ELG), conçu dans les années 70, a largement été utilisé, aussi bien pour la recherche que dans la pratique clinique. Des nouveaux développements informatiques permettent maintenant une utilisation clinique aussi bien pour l'évaluation quantitative de la voix, que comme un dispositif d'affichage interactif pour la rééducation et l'enseignement. Cet article traite des applications de l'electrolaryngographe, en soulignant les traits principaux de l'évaluation et rééducation de la parole assistées par ordinateur.

Der erstmals in den 70‐er Jahren entworfene Elektrolaryngograf (ELG) wird seitdem in der Forschung und in der klinischen Praxis weit benutzt. Neuere Entwicklungen im Bereich des Softwares haben die klinische Nützlichkeit des ELG's erweitert, sowohl bei der Bewertung der Stimme, als auch als interaktive, visuelle Abbildung in der Therapie und im Unterricht. In diesem Artikel beschreiben wir die Anwendungen des ELG's, insbesondere die allgemeinen Prinzipien einer computerisierten Bewertung und Rehabilitation.
Speech disorders in systemic amyloidosis
Authors: Burroughs Elizabeth I. , Aronson Arnold E. , Duffy Joseph R. , Kyle Robert A.
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

The purpose of this study was to define more completely the speech disorders that can occur in systemic amyloidosis. Fifty‐nine patients with histologically established primary systemic amyloidosis were studied. Of this group, 81% had abnormal voice quality, 43% had abnormal pitch, 7% had abnormal resonation and 15% had abnormal articulation. Twenty‐two patients also had abnormal findings at laryngeal examination, consisting of bowing, oedema, thickening, dry irritation and polypoid changes of the vocal folds. Macroglossia was found in 17% of the patients and submandibular swelling in 10%. These results support previous studies which showed that abnormal phonation is a sign of systemic amyloidosis and that abnormal voice is by far the most common abnormal speech sign. The relationship between amyloid deposit and dysphonia was not clear. In 23 patients who had laryngeal examinations, no evidence of actual amyloid deposits was documented.

Le but de cette étude était de définir plus complètement les troubles de la parole qui apparaissent pour les amyloses systémiques. Cinquante neuf patients, avec des amyloses systémiques confirmées à l'histologie ont été étudiés. Dans ce groupe, 81% avaient une qualité de voix anormale; 43% avaient un pitch anormal; 7% avaient des résonnances anormales; et 15% une articulation anormale. Vingt deux patients avaient aussi des examens laryngés anormaux, avec glotte ovalaire, oedèmatiée, épaissie, inflammatoire (sécheresse), ou polypoïde. Une macroglossie existait chez 17% des patients et des oedèmes sousmandibulaires existaient chez 10%. Ces résultats corroborent des études antérieures qui montraient qu'une phonation anormale est un signe de l'amylose systémique et qu'une voix anormale est de loin le signe le plus courant d'une parole anormale. La relation entre les dépôts amyloides et la dysphonie n'était pas claire. Chez 23 patients qui avaient subit un examen laryngé, aucune évidence de dépôts (amyloides) n'a été trouvée.

Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Sprechstörungen genauer zu beschreiben, die bei der allgemeinen Amyloidose auftreten. Wir haben 59 Patienten mit histologisch nachweisbarer primärer Amyloidose untersucht. Von diesen Patienten zeigten 81% eine abnorme Stimmqualität; 43% eine abnorme Tonhöhe; 7% eine abnorme Resonation; und 15% abnormale Artikulation. Auch 22 Patienten hatten bei der Kehlkopfuntersuchung einen anormalen Befund ‐ darunter Biegung, ödem, Verdickung, trockener Reiz, und polypartige Änderungen der Stimmfalten. Bei 17% stellten wir eine Makroglossie fest und bei weiteren 10% eine Schwellung unter dem Unterkiefer. Die Ergebnisse früherer Studien werdeun bestätigt, die gezeigt haben, dass die abnorme Phonation ein Zeichen der allgemeinen Amyloidose sei, und dass eine anorme Stimme die am häufigsten gefundene Sprechstörung sei. Die Beziehung zwischen der amyloiden Ablagerung und der Dysphonie war nicht klar. Bei 23 Patienten, die eine largyngale Untersuchung bekamen, konnten wir keine amyloidische Ablagerung beweisen.
A meta‐analysis of studies carried out between 1946 and 1988 concerned with the efficacy of speech and language therapy treatment for aphasic patients
Authors: Whurr Renata , Lorch Marjorie Perlman , Nye Chad
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

An examination of the empirical evidence for the efficacy of speech and language therapy treatment for adult aphasic patients is undertaken with the aid of meta‐analysis which affords a statistical method of systematic data summary and synthesis. Patient characteristics and treatment outcomes are correlated to identify factors that contribute to the demonstration of a treatment effect. One of the most striking results of this retrospective study was the identification of the overwhelming failure to report data or include, in experimental controls, variables that might crucially affect outcome.

Une étude sur les évidences empiriques de l'efficacité des traitements réalisés par les orthophonistes avec des patients aphasiques adultes, a été menée avec l'aide de la méta‐analyse qui offre une méthode statistique systématique de synthèse et de résumé des données. La corrélation des caractéristiques des patients et les résultats des traitements a été étudiée pour mettre en évidence les facteurs qui contribuent à la démonstration des effets du traitement. Un des résultats les plus marquants de cette étude rétrospective a été la mise en évidence de l'absence généralisée de données précises et l'incapacité d'inclure, dans les contrôles expérimentaux, des variables qui sont déterminantes pour les résultats.

Mit der Hilfe einer Metaanalyse, die eine statistische Methode der systematischen Datenzusammenfassung ermöglichte, haben wir eine Untersuchung des empirischen Beweismaterials für die positive Auswirkung von Sprachtherapie bei Aphasie durchgeführt. Besonderheiten der Patienten wurden mit Behandlungsergebnissen korreliert, um die Faktoren festzustellen, die zu einer positiven Therapie beitragen. Eins der auffallendsten Ergebnisse dieser Studie war die Feststellung eines erheblichen Datenmangels in den anderen Berichten und bei den Kontrollgruppen das Fehlen von Variablen, die einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf das Endergebnis haben könnten.
Characteristics of children with specific language impairment attending language units
Authors: Conti‐Ramsden Gina , Donlan Christopher , Grove John
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

The characteristics of children with specific language impairment (SLI) attending four language units in the north‐west of England are examined. The present study involved 15 children with SLI and two sets of control groups: a same‐age group and an MLÜ'‐matched group (MLU = mean length of utterance). Results are discussed in terms of the following questions: Do children with SLI attending language units fit the classic definition of SLI? Can children with SLI be categorised as having expressive versus receptive language problems? What other aspects of educational attainment such as reading, maths and science are affected by SLI? The paper ends with implications for future research.

L'article examine les caractéristiques d'enfants souffrant de déficiences spécifiques du langage ('SLI’ dans le texte en anglais) et qui fréquentent quatre centres de soins correctifs du langage dans le nord‐ouest de l'Angleterre. Il s'agit en l'occurrence de quinze enfants atteints de déficiences spécifiques du langage et de deux groupes de contrôle: un groupe du même âge et un autre comparable pour la longueur moyenne de ses énoncés. La discussion des résultats porte sur les points suivants: Ces enfants atteints de déficiences spécifiques du langage et qui fréquentent des centres correcteurs du langage correspondent‐ils à la définition classique de la déficience spécifique du langage? Peut‐on opérer une distinction plus fine des enfants atteints de déficiences spécifiques du langage selon qui'ils auraient des problèmes, soit d'expression, soit de réception? Quelles sont les conséquences des déficiences spécifiques du langage sur les autres aspects de l'enseignement, comme l'apprentissage de la lecture, des mathématiques et des matières scientifiques? En conclusion l'article évoque certaines possibilités de recherches ultérieures.

Wir untersuchten die Eigenschaften von Kindern mit einer spezifischen Sprachstörung (SLI), die vier Sprachheilschulen in Nordwestengland besuchten. Diese Studie umfasste fünfzehn Kinder mit SLI und zwei Kontrollgruppen: eine in demselben Alter und eine mit einer angepassten Durchschnittslänge von Äusserungen. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Bezug auf die folgenden Fragen besprochen: haben die Kinder mit SLI in den Sprachheilschulen eine SLI nach der klassischen Definition? Kann man Kinder mit SLI in Gruppen mit expressiven gegenüber rezeptiven Sprachproblemen einteilen? Welche anderen Aspekte der Schulleistung, wie z.B. Lesen, Mathe und Wissenschaft, werden von SLI beeinflusst? Dieses Referat schliesst mit Folgerungen in Bezug auf weitere Forschung.
Dysarthria associated with focal unilateral upper motor neuron lesion
Authors: Hartman David E. , Abbs James H.
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

Speech motor changes in six patients with focal unilateral upper motor neuron (UUMN) lesions were characterised using a variety of techniques including listener judgements, speech acoustic analyses, electromyographic and strength measures. Listener judgements of speech understandability, intelligibility and dysarthric features indicated mild dysarthria. Diadochokinesis, electromyographic and strength measures corroborated these observations. The findings of this study delineate the characteristics of the dysarthria associated with unilateral upper motor neuron lesions and have important implications for identifying potential upper motor neuron components of other neurogenic disorders of speech and language.

Les caractéristiques des changements des aspects moteurs de la locution ont été définies chez six malades souffrant de lésions focales unilatérales des neurons moteurs supérieurs, au moyen d'un certain nombre de techniques comprenant des jugements par des auditeurs, des analyses acoustiques du language, des mesures électromyographiques et de force (articulatoire). Les jugements par les auditeurs de traits de compréhensibilité, d'intelligibilité et de dysarthrie ont révélé la présence de légères dysarthries – jugements corroborés par la diadochokinèse ainsi que par des mesures d'électromyographie et de force. Les résultats de cette étude permettent de définir les caractéristiques de la dysarthrie associée aux lésions unilatérales des neurons moteurs supérieurs; elles devraient se révéler riches de renseignements pour l'identification du jeu possible des neurons moteurs supérieurs dans les autres désordres neurogéniques du langage et de la locution.

Wir haben die sprechmotorischen Änderungen von sechs Patienten mit einer fokalen einseitigen Läsion des oberen Motoneurons mit einer Auswahl von Methoden untersucht, einschliesslich Bewertungen durch Zuhörer, sprechakustische Analysen, elektromyographische und Stärkemessungen. Die Bewertungen der Zuhörer in Bezug auf die Verständlichkeit und dysarthrische Merkmale deuteten auf eine leichte Dysarthrie. Diadochokinetische, elektromyographische und Stärkemessungen stimmten mit diesen Beobachtungen überein. Die Befunde dieser Studie stellen die Merkmale der Dysarthrie dar, die man bei einseitigen Läsionen der oberen Motoneuronen findet und haben wichtige Folgerungen für die Identifizierung von potentiellen oberen Motoneuronenkomponenten bei anderen neurogenen Sprech‐ und Sprachstörungen.
A survey of aphasia services in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mackenzie Catherine , Le May Mandy , Lendrem Wendy , McGuirk Elizabeth , Marshall Jane , Rossiter Debby
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

A survey of the service available, in speech and language therapy departments, to adults with aphasia revealed that many districts in the United Kingdom are unable to fulfil the professional recommendations for the care of aphasic clients. Although individual ‘good practice’ criteria could be satisfied, only a minority of districts were able to provide a comprehensive service. Levels of staffing for the adult neurological caseload are variable and even, at best, hinder therapists in delivering the recommended standard of management to aphasic clients and their carers.

Un examen, au sein des départements de réhabilitation du langage, des facilités mises à la disposition des adultes atteints d'aphasie, a révélé que dans bien des districts du Royaume‐Uni il est impossible de mettre en pratique les recommendations des spécialistes en ce qui concerne les soins aux aphasiques. Měme si dans certains cas la qualité des soins est bonne, la gamme est en général limitée et seule une minorité de districts est en mesure d'assumer un service étendu. Souvent l'on manque de personnel dans les services de neurologie pour adultes et, měme dans les cas les plus favorables, ceci gěne les thérapeutes dans leur effort pour assurer un niveau d'attention adéquat à leurs clients aphasiques et à ceux qui s s'occupent de ces derniers.

Eine Übersicht der vorhandenen Einrichtungen für Erwachsene mit Aphasie in logopädischen Abteilungen im Vereinigten Königreich zeigte, das viele Bezirke nicht im Stande sind, den professionellen Richtlinien zur Betreuung von aphasischen Patienten zu folgen. Obgleich einzelne Kriterien für eine ‘gute Praxis' erfüllt werden konnten, konnte nur eine Minderheit der Bezirke eine umfassende Betreuung anbieten. Die Anzahl der Angestellten für die Betreuung von erwachsenen neurologischen Fällen ist unterschiedlich und behindert selbst im besten Falle, dass die Logopäden ein wünschenswertes Niveau der Behandlung von aphasischen Patienten und ihrer Betreuer erreichen können.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: A case history
Authors: Weir Alastair M. , Paton Alison , Pentland Brian
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rarely reported demyelinating condition of the central nervous system, usually affecting children and young adults. The case of a 23‐year‐old woman diagnosed as suffering from ADEM is presented. Details are given of her assessment and attempted rehabilitation with particular reference to speech and language. Differentiation of ADEM from multiple sclerosis (MS) is problematic and may be clarified by examination of the pathological effects of the disease processes on speech and language. A general review of the scant literature is included and findings in this patient are compared and contrasted to them.

L'encéphalomyélite disséminée aiguë (EMDA) est un état de démyélinisation du système nerveux central que l'on ne signale que rarement. Elle affecte en général les enfants et les jeunes adultes. Nous présentons le cas d'une femme de 23 ans diagnostiquée comme souffrant d'EMDA. L'on fournit des détails de son évaluation et des tentatives de réhabilitation, en particulier en ce qui concerne la parole et le langage. La différence entre l'EMDA et la sclérose multiple est difficile à faire, et c'est par l'examen des effets pathologiques de l'EMDA sur la parole et le langage qu'on peut l'établir. Nous incluons une revue générale du peu qui a été écrit sur ce sujet et la comparons à ce que nous a révélé le cas de notre malade.

Akute verteilte Enzephalomyelitis (AVEM) ist ein selten berichteter entmyelinisierender Zustand des zentralen Nervensystems, der in der Regel Kinder und junge Erwachsene trifft. Der Fall einer 23‐jährigen Frau mit AVEM wird dargestellt. Untersuchungsergebnisse und die Ergebnisse der Rehabilitations versuche vor allem hinsichtlich der Sprech‐ und Sprachtherapie werden beschrieben. Eine Differenzierung der AVEM und der multiplen Sklerose ist problematisch und kann aufgrund von Beobachtungen der sprech und sprach pathologischen Auswirkungen der Krankheit geklärt werden. Eine Übersicht der wenigen Berichte in der Literatur und ein Vergleich mit dem Befund im hier berichteten Fall werden gegeben.
Prosodic deviation in dysarthria: a case study
Authors: Vance Janice E.
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

Traditionally, prosodic difficulties in dysarthria have been described in phonetic terms with little attention being paid to the phonological implications of these impairments. This case study attempts to illustrate the need for a phonological level of analysis. The speech of a 30‐year‐old ataxic dysarthric is analysed using Crystal's framework and the patterns are discussed in terms of the effect of the phonetic difficulties on the speaker's ability to use his intonation system to mark meaning contrasts. The analysis reveals that this speaker has developed a personal subsystem where he retains some of the features of ‘normal’ speech and systematically exploits variables still under his control to compensate for other deficits. This study highlights both the value of considering phonological aspects in the analysis of disordered prosody and the need for careful assessment of the appropriacy of the compensatory strategies that have been developed.

Traditionnellement les difficultés prosodiques chez le dysarthrique ont été décrites en termes de phonétique sans qu'on se préoccupe beaucoup des implications phonologiques de ces déficiences. Cette étude de cas vise à illustrer la nécessité qu'il y a à établir un niveau d'analyse phonologique. Utilisant le cadre d'analyse de Crystal (1982), l'on examine le langage d'un dysarthrique ataxique ǎgé de 30 ans, et l'on en discute les structures du point de vue de l'effet des difficultés phonétiques sur la capacité du locuteur à utiliser son système intonatif pour indiquer les contrastes de signification. L'analyse révèle que ce locuteur a mis au point un sous‐système personnel au sein duquel il conserve certaines structures du langage ‘normal’, tout en exploitant systématiquement les variables dont il dispose encore pour compenser d'autres déficiences. Cette étude illustre à la fois l'intérět qu'il y a à s'occuper d'aspects phonologiques dans l'analyse de la prosodie pathologique, et le besoin d'évaluer soigneusement le bien‐fondé des stratégies compensatoires que le patient a mises au point.

Traditionell wurden prosodische Probleme in der Dysarthrie phonetisch, d.h. ohne große Berücksichtigung ihrer phonologischen Implikationen beschrieben. Diese Einzelstudie illustriert den Bedarf für eine phonologische Analyseebene. Die Sprache eines 30‐jährigen ataxisch dysarthrischen Sprechers wird unter Verwendung des Crystal'sehen Beschreibungsrahmens analysiert. Die beobachteten prosodischen Muster werden hinsichtlich ihrer Auswirkung auf die Fähigkeit des Sprechers, Bedeutungsunterschiede intonatorisch zu markieren, diskutiert. Die Analyse zeigt, daß dieser Sprecher ein persönliches Subsystem entwickelt hat, in dem einige Merkmale normalen Sprechens erhalten sind, und in dem er noch zur Verfügung stehende Variablen systematisch einsetzt, um Mängel zu kompensieren. Diese Studie unterstreicht sowohl den Wert phonologischer Aspekte in der Analyse pathologischer Prosodie als auch die Notwendigkeit sorgfältiger Evaluierung der Funktionalität kompensatorischer Strategien.
Applying conversation analysis to aphasia: clinical implications and analytic issues
Authors: Perkins Lisa
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

This paper explores the impact of linguistic impairments on conversational ability in aphasia using conversation analysis (CA). Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques, an analysis of the distribution of turns at talk in three aphasic participants' conversations with a relative and with the researcher is described. Using extracts from the conversations for illustration, three major factors are proposed which influence the sharing of conversational turns: (1) shared knowledge of interlocutors, (2) the manifestations of linguistic impairments in conversation, and (3) individual discourse styles. Finally, the implications of the findings for remediation are considered.

Cette étude utilise l'analyse de conversation pour examiner les conséquences des troubles acquis du langage sur la capacité de conversation dans les cas d'aphasie. L'on se sert ici d'un mélange de techniques qualitatives et quantitatives pour décrire comment dans le cours de conversations trois aphasiques prennent la parole en alternance avec un parent et avec le chercheur. Cette analyse est illustrée à partir d'extraits des conversations, et l'on propose trois facteurs principaux qui influent sur ces alternances: (1) dans quelle mesure les interlocuteurs sont au courant des mêmes choses, (2) les manifestations de troubles linguistiques lors de la conversation, (3) certains styles individuels de conversation. L'on considère enfin les conséquences thérapeutiques des faits mis en évidence.

Dieser Aufsatz untersucht mithilfe der Konversationsanalyse die Auswirkung linguistischer Behinderung auf die Konversationsfähigkeit. Unter Verwendung einer Kombination quantitativer und qualitativer Methoden wird eine Analyse der Verteilung von Einzelbeiträgen (‘Turns’) dreier Aphasiker im Gespräch mit einem Verwandten und mit der Versuchsleiterin präsentiert. Mit Beispielen aus den Gesprächen zur Illustration werden drei Hauptfaktoren vorgeschlagen, die die Proportion der Gesprächsanteile beeinflüssen: (1) das gemeinsame Wissen der Gesprächspartner, (2) die Manifestation linguistischer Behinderung im Gespräch, (3) individuelle Gesprächsstile. Die Implikationen der Ergebnisse für eine remediale Behandlung werden erwogen.
Impaired oral–motor function in children with Down's syndrome: a study of three twin pairs
Authors: Spender Quentin , Dennis Jennifer , Stein Alan , Cave Dorothea , Percy Elinore , Reilly Sheena
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

Three twin births occurring within 18 months in Oxfordshire, in which a girl with Down's syndrome was twin to an unaffected boy, provided an opportunity for a closely matched comparison of ratings on the Schedule for Oral Motor Assessment, which examines oral–motor function in a systematic and reliable way. A detailed description of the video‐recording of one twin pair is included. This illustrates abnormalities of oral–motor function which may occur generally in Down's syndrome, as suggested further by a numerical tabulation of the differences found between the twins.

Trois naissances de couples de jumeaux en l'espace de dix‐huit mois dans le Comté de l’Oxfordshire ont vu nai̊tre une fille atteinte du syndrome de Down en me̊me temps qu'un garçon normal. Ceci a fourni l'occasion de faire une comparaison détaillée des estimations résultant de l'administration de l'examen moteur oral, lequel examine de façon systématique et fiable la fonction motrice orale. L'on joint ici également la description en détail de l'enregistrement vidéo d'un couple de jumeaux. Cette description illustre les anomalies de la fonction motrice orale qui peuvent se produire en général dans le syndrome de Down, ce qui est suggéré en plus gråce a une tabulation numérique des différences qui se sont révélées entre les jumeaux.

Drei Zwillingsgeburten innerhalb von 18 Monaten in der Grafschaft Oxfordshire, bei denen ein Mädchen mit Downs‐Syndrom und ein normaler Junge geboren wurden, bot eine Gelegenheit, einen enggepaarten Bewertungsvergleich mit der ‘Schedule for Oral Motor Assessment’ durchzuführen, die die oral‐motorische Funktion systematisch und zuverlässig prüft. Die Videoaufzeichnungen eines Zwillingspaares en werden detailliert beschrieben. Sie illustriert die oral‐motorischen Funktionsstörungen, die möglicherweise als allgemeine Erscheinung des Downs‐Syndroms auftreten, wie aus den numerischen Daten zu den Unterschieden zwischen den Kindern der Zwillingspaare hervorgeht.
Acquired stammering in Great Britain
Authors: Stewart Trudy , Rowley David
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

There are a growing number of reports of late onset of stammering from clinicians but a lack of data concerning the nature, aetiology and outcomes of therapy. This research attempts to replicate in Great Britain a survey of clinicians carried out in America. Clinicians completed a questionnaire on their clients with acquired stammering. Details on possible cause, speech and language characteristics, and therapeutic outcomes were compared with the American study. Results were similar in terms of aetiology and outcome measures despite reported differences in characteristics and treatment regimes offered.

Il existe un nombre croissant de compte‐rendus médicaux sur les cas de débuts tardifs de bégaiement, mais les données font défaut quant à la nature, l'étiologie et les résultats de la thérapie. Cette étude a pour but de reproduire en Grande‐Bretagne une enquète sur les médecins déjà menée en Amérique. Les médecins ont rempli un questionnaire sur ceux de leurs clients qui s'étaient mis à souffrir de bégaiement. La comparison avec l'étude américaine a porté sur les causes possibles, les caractéristiques de langue et de discours, et les résultats de la thérapie. Les résultats sont semblables en ce qui concerne l'étiologie et les mesures finales, en dépit de différences relevées pour les caractéristiques et les régimes de traitments offerts.

Es gibt eine wachsende Anzahl von kilinischen Berichten über spat einsetzendes Stammeln, aber es fehlen Daten über die Form, die Ätiologie und über die Folgen der Therapie. Diese Studie versucht, eine in den USA durchgeführte Umfrage bei klinischer Therapeuten in Großbritannien zu replizieren. Die Therapeuter beantworteten einen Fragebogen über ihre Patienten mit erworbenen Stammeln. Einzelheiten zur möglichen Ursache, Sprach‐ und Sprechcharakteristika sowie zum Erfolg der Therapie wurden mit der amerikanischen Studie verglichen. Die Ergebnisse waren trotz berichteter Unterschiede in der Form des Stammeins und in der angebotenen Behandlung hinsichtlich der errechneten Werte für die Ätiologie und für den Erfolg der Therapie ähnlich.
A content analysis of the professional journal of the British Society of Speech Therapists I: The first 10 years. Spotlight on ‘Speech’ 1935–1945
Authors: Armstrong Linda , Stansfield Jois
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTS

The 24 editions of the professional journal ‘Speech’ published between 1935–1945 were examined by use of content analysis. The use of this approach enabled an in‐depth survey of the professional, clinical and political issues of the period which saw the beginning of speech and language therapy as a profession. Two main areas were focused upon: the development of the professional body and the authored papers which appeared in the journal. ‘Speech’ at that time can be viewed as a blend of today's ‘European Journal of Disorders of Communication’ with today's ‘Bulletin’.

Les 24 numéros de la revue professionnelle ‘Speech’ parus entre 1935 et 1945 ont été examinés au moyen d'une analyse de contenus. Cette méthode a fourni un relevé en profondeur des problèmes professionnels, cliniques et politiques de cette période témoin des débuts de l'orthophonie en tant que profession. Deux domaines ont reçu tout particulièrement notre attention: le développement de l'effectif de la profession, et les articles signés qui ont paru dans la revue. L'on peut dire qu'à cette époque ‘Speech’ correspondait à la fois à ce que sont aujourd'hui le ‘European Journal of Disorders of Communication’ et le ‘Bulletin’.

Die 24 Ausgaben der Fachzeitschrift ‘Speech’, die zwischen 1935–1945 erschienen sind, wurden mit Hilfe der Inhaltsanalyse untersucht. Dieser methodische Ansatz ermöglichte einen gründlichen Überblick über die beruflichen, klinischen und politischen Fragen jener Zeit, in der die Sprachtherapie als Berufsstand ihren Anfang hatte. Zwei Hauptbereiche wurden näher beleuchtet: Die Entwicklung der Berufsgruppe und die in der Zeitschrift erschienenen Aufsätze. Die damalige Zeitschrift ‘Speech’ ist als Mischform der heutigen ‘European Journal of Disorders of Communication’ und dem heutigen ‘Bulletin’ zu sehen.
Use of a deflectable tip catheter to facilitate complex interventions beyond insertion of coronary bypass grafts: Three case reports
Authors: Routledge Helen , Lefèvre Thierry , Ohanessian Alice , Louvard Yves , Dumas Pierre , Morice Marie‐Claude
Published: November 2007

We present three patients with angulated ostial lesions beyond the insertion point of coronary artery bypass grafts. Use of the Venture Catheter, a deflectable tip 3.5F wire control catheter, facilitated successful percutaneous coronary intervention after prolonged, unsuccessful attempts at conventional guidewire passage. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Creation of a coronary sinus to atrial communication in coronary sinus ostial atresia improves cardiac function after Fontan
Authors: Petit Christopher J. , Webb Gary D. , Rome Jonathan J.
Published: November 2007

Coronary sinus ostial atresia is a rare anatomic condition which is occasionally associated with drainage of coronary veins via a persistent left‐sided superior vena cava. This anatomic condition is normally clinically insignificant. However, when the systemic venous pressure is higher than that of the atrium, cardiac function can be impaired. We report our experience with a young adult who underwent a Fontan due to tricuspid atresia. The patient presented to our institution with poor systolic and diastolic ventricular function. A catheterization revealed an atretic coronary sinus ostium, and the coronary veins drained via a persistent left‐sided superior vena cava. Creation of a communication from coronary sinus to the common atrium resulted in a significant decrease in coronary venous pressures. The patient has experienced improvement following the interventiona catheterization. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiplex assay for genetic testing of thrombophilia: a method for routine clinical care
Authors: López Mónica , Giraldo Pilar , Alvarez Patricia , Cornudella R. , Pocoví Miguel , Martínez Antonio , Fontcuberta Jordi , Soria José Manuel
Published: November 2007

There is an increasing demand for genetic testing of patients with hypercoagulability. We have developed a multiplex‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique that incorporates the state‐of‐the art of genetic testing for thrombosis mutations (Factor V Leiden [FVL] and G20210A F2 and C46T F12). The sequences are detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)‐resolved colorimeter after hybridization with an amplification product labeled with digoxygenin. To evaluate the reliability of this method, we analyzed 122 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples of known genotypes for these three mutations. Six subjects initially assigned as heterozygous for FVL and two subjects assigned as normal for the G20210A F2 mutation showed discrepancies between the current techniques and our newly‐developed ELISA‐based technique. When these samples were sequenced the concordance using our method was 100%. Thus, initially they were assigned incorrectly based on the available methodologies. It is noteworthy that our method is adaptable to an Automated ELISA Analyzer that allows for routine processing of both small and large numbers of DNA samples. We present a robust, rapid, reproducible, cost‐effective, and simple multiplex PCR ELISA method to simultaneously detect carriers of thrombotic genetic risk factors. Testing for thrombophilia should contribute to better diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies, providing valuable information to assess the risk of recurrence in the proband, and in family members who are asymptomatic. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:349–355, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of hydroxycamptothecinum by flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Liqing Li , Lin Guan , Ming Su , Hanwen Sun
Published: November 2007

An novel analytical method consisting of flow‐injection sampling and chemiluminescence (CL) detection for determination of anticancer drug hydroxycamptothecinum (HCPT) is described. It is based on the CL reaction of potassium permanganate–formaldehyde‐HCPT system. The formaldehyde‐sensitized CL emission mechanism was proposed for HCPT‐potassium permanganate (KMnO4)‐HCOH systems by comparing the fluorescence emission with CL spectra. Illuminant was the single‐state bimolecular oxygen, 1O21O2(1Δg1Δg), which was from 1O2(1Δg) produced in the reaction system, and emits CL spectra at 639 nm. The presence of formaldehyde can sensitized CL emission, because it may be to accelerate the generation of 1O2 (1Δg). The optimum conditions for CL emission were investigated and optimized. The CL intensity was correlated linearly with concentration of HCPT in the range of 0.010–60.0 mg L−1. The determination limit is 0.006 mg L−1. The relative standard deviation is 1.6% for 11 parallel measurements of 0.20 mg L−1 HCPT standard solution. The proposed method has been applied for the determination of HCPT in pharmaceutical preparations, serum, and urine. The results of the quantitative analysis for HCPT studied using the developed method showed a good agreement with provided by using an official method. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:356–362, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatic mutation of MutYH in Tunisian patients with sporadic colorectal cancer
Authors: Bougatef Karim , Marrakchi Raja , Kourda Nadia , Lahely Yannick Blondeau , Jileni Sarra Baltagi Ben , El Khil Houssein K. , Soubrier Florent , Ammar Elgaaied Amel Ben
Published: November 2007

The MutYH gene is an adenine‐specific DNA glycosylase that prevents G/T transversions. Germline mutation in this gene causes MYH‐associated polyposis (MAP) that predispose to hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC). This study describes for the first time the association of the MutYH mutation with sporadic CRC. From the 48 Tunisian sporadic CRC cases analyzed, two patients showed somatic mutation of the MutYH gene. In addition, the two hotspot germline mutations MutYH Y165C and G382D seem to be infrequent in sporadic CRC. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:372–374, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic value of Elecsys S100 as a marker of acute brain injury in the emergency department
Authors: Oh Eun‐Jee , Kim Young‐Min , Jegal Dong‐Wook , Kahng Jimin , Park Yeon‐Joon , Han Kyungja
Published: November 2007

The aim of this study was to evaluate the screening and diagnostic validity of the initial serum S100 levels by Elecsys S100 immunoassay in an emergency department. We measured serum S100 in 101 acute brain injury (ABI) patients, in 40 healthy subjects, and in 41 chronic brain injury (CBI) patients (the control group). The ABI patients were divided in several groups according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), injury type and findings of brain imaging. Of the 101 patients, the 66 cranial computed tomography (CCT) or brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐positive patients showed higher S100 levels than did the 35 CCT/MRI‐negative patients (P=0.028). At a cutoff of 0.105 µg/L, the sensitivity was 84.8% and the specificity 74.3% for all of the ABI patients, and the sensitivity was increased to 96.9% for the traumatic ABI patients for detecting image‐positive ABI. There was no significant difference of S100 levels among the groups on the CCT or MRI pathological findings (P=0.478). In conclusion, serum S100 levels can be used in the emergency department as an additional screening tool to identify CCT‐ or MRI‐positive ABI. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 21:387–392, 2007. copy; 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.