bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uproszczone dziedzictwo. Współcześni wobec helleńskiej koncepcji boskiego antropomorfizmu
Authors: Kostuch Lucyna
Published: January 2021

W artykule poddane zostały analizie helleńskie koncepcje dotyczące antropomorfizacji bóstw i nasze współczesne poglądy – zarówno te popularne, jak i naukowe – na temat greckiej wiary w możliwość przybierania przez bogów postaci ludzkich. W tekście podjęto próby odpowiedzi na następujące pytania: Czy Hellenowie konsekwentnie wierzyli w bóstwa w ludzkiej formie? Czy uproszczone wizerunki bóstw greckich z atrybutami, które znamy z opracowań mitologii, są dziełem wyłącznie późniejszych epok, czy też to sami Grecy przyczynili się do powstania uproszczeń? Okazuje się, że choć bóstwa greckie przedstawiano w ludzkich postaciach i antropomorficzne bóstwo pod postacią statuy było trwałym elementem kultu, to jednak paradoksalnie wierzono, że boski kształt pozostaje dla człowieka nieuchwytny. Znane dziś powszechnie postaci greckich bóstw, sprowadzone do określonych wizerunków ze specyficznymi atrybutami i wyznaczonym patronatem nad poszczególnymi dziedzinami życia, nie są wcale dziełem późniejszych epok, gdyż wprowadzili je już starożytni greccy twórcy, począwszy od samego Homera.
TRANS-CATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION (TAVI)-A CASE SERIES AT AFIC/NIHD
Authors: Siddiqui Abdul Hameed , Aziz Sohail , Maken Ghulam Rasool , Khan Ali Nawaz , Saif Mohsin , Tuyyab Farhan , Khan Kumail Abbas , Raja Waseem , Kamran Javeria , Janjua Anam Fatima
Published: January 2021

Objective: To share our experience of percutaneous trans-catheter aortic valve implantation in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis.

Study Design: A retrospective cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC/NIHD) Rawalpindi, from Mar 2015 to Feb 2020.

Methodology: Retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous trans-catheter aortic valve implantation was done to assess its immediate, short and long term outcome and safety. Twenty patients have undergone trans-catheter aortic valve implantation since 2015 in the institute. Base line blood chemistry including creatinine clearance, ultra-sonography abdomen, carotid Doppler, chest X-ray, High-Resolution Computed Tomography chest was done in all cases as part of the protocol. Mean age of the patients was 73 ± 7.91. There were sixteen males (80.0%) and four females (20.0%). All patients under went procedure through transfemoral route. Valve structure and peripheral vasculature for suitability of the procedure was assessed by computerized coronary tomographic angiography with TAVI protocol. In eleven patients aortic valve was trileaflet (55.0%) and in remaining nine it was bicuspid (45.0%). Mean gradient across the valve pre-procedure was 56.37 ± 9.14. Thirteen patients (65.0%) presented with angina/dysnoea NYHA III, 6 patients with syncope (30.0%) and one (5.0%) had heart failure. Two patients had undergone previous coronary artery bypass surgery. Procedure was carried out under general anesthesia in all patients except one. Balloon expandable Edwards Sapienvalve was implanted in two patients and self-expandable Core Valve/Evolut R in eighteen patients.

Results: Seventeen patients underwent the procedure successfully with reduction of the mean gradients immediately after valve implantation to less than 15 mmHg recorded in the cath labangiographically subsequently complemented by transthoracic echocardiography. There were 3 deaths during the index hospitalization. Two occurred in the catheterization laboratory, one death was due to development of severe acute aortic regurgitation and second was due to acute coronary obstruction. Third death occurred due to acute kidney injury after seven days. Five patients died in next three months during follow up. One patient required permanent pacemaker because of development of left bundle branch block and second degree atrio-ventricular block post procedure.

Conclusion: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis is a very effective and procedurally safe option and reasonable alternative to surgical valve replacement in high operative risk individuals.
LONGEST LAD ENDARTRECTOMY RECORDED AND DOCUMENTED TILL DATE IN AFIC/NIHD
Authors: Ali Nasir , Khan Faiq Ahmed , Janjua Asif Mahmood , Eldin Ala , Ashfaq Muhammad , . Kifayatullah
Published: January 2021

As the world advances, living standards are getting changed with inclination more toward sedentary life style and junk food, we are seeing a worldwide increased incidence of coronary artery disease. A 73 year of age gentleman with progressive shortness of breath NYHA-II/III since last 6 months and epigastric discomfort with effort angina CCS-III. Was having no other co-morbidities, except of 35 pack years of smoking. On evaluation his Coro-angiogram revealed Diffuses TVCAD with Lad diffusely diseased throughout its middle course >90%, LCX 80%, RCA mid-Course critical discrete lesion of 90%. His 2D, TTE showed normal valvular apparatus and ejection fraction of 55%. Literature review further furnishes the fact that LAD is most commonly being affected by atheroma formation hence making it the most common site for endartrectomy, though peri-operative MI is still a grave concern, but half dose protamine slow reversal of the heparin and keeping ACT at 150-160 sec greatly reduces the incidence of peri-operative MI.
EFFECT OF MODIFIED ULTRAFILTRATION ON HEMODYNAMICS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIAC SURGERY AT ARMED FORCES INSTITUTE OF CARDIOLOGY/ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEART DISEASES (AFIC/NIHD)
Authors: Rehman Muneeb Ur , Rao Tariq , Niaz Naila , Nafees Shahid , Azad Naseem , Umar Muhammad Shoaib
Published: January 2021

Objective: To observe the effect of modified ultrafiltration on hemodynamics of pediatric patients.

Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery department, AFIC/NIHD Rawalpindi, from Jun 2019 to Dec 2019.

Methodology: A total of 60 pediatric patients were included undergoing open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, having age ≤6 years and weights ≤15kg. To assess hemodynamics parameters observed were pre modified ultrafiltration and post modified ultrafiltration measurements of haemoglobin level, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, central venous pressure and the number of transfusions given after off-bypass. The data was entered and analyzed in SPSS-23.

Results: The pre-operative mean Hb level of the 60 sampled patients was 12.08 ± 2.89 g/dl. The findings taken pre modified ultrafiltration and post modified ultrafiltration of haemoglobin level was (9.91 ± 0.91 g/dl and 13.09 ± 1.38 g/dl, p<0.05) after an average filtration of 370.83 ± 66.56 ml of the filtrate. The mean of systolic pressure was (61.3 ± 2.01 mmHg and 70.68 ± 1.76 mmHg, p<0.05), diastolic pressure was (49.95 ± 1.35 and 59.7 ± 6.85, p<0.005), Central Venous Pressure was (10.07 ± 1.18 and 9.9 ± 1.09, p>0.005) compared pre modified ultrafiltration and post modified ultrafiltration respectively.

Conclusion: The study concluded that modified ultrafiltration has a significant impact on haemoglobin levels after bypass, decreases the allogenic transfusions and also improve the hemodynamics of the patient.
DECISION MAKING FOR DEVICE CLOSURE IN ADULTS WITH ‘HYPERTENSIVE PDA’–NON-INVASIVE CRITERIA: IMMEDIATE RESULTS
Authors: Beg Ahsan , Malik Abdul , Mahmood Amjad , Younas M , Fayaz Fakher -e-
Published: January 2021

Objective: To find the mean pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) in adults (>12 years) Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) with ‘reversible pulmonary hypertension’ after the device closure. Residual PDA and immediate complications (embolization, pulse loss, obstruction in the aorta or pulmonary artery) are to be reported.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Tertiary Care Referral Hospital, from Aug 2007 to Jun 2020.

Methodology: This retrospective study is descriptive. Data collected by convenience sampling from 3 tertiary care referral hospital. 981 patients were undergone PDA device closure during the period from Aug 2007 to June 2020. After informed consent, an initial assessment was done by history, clinical examination, x-ray chest PA view, electrocardiography (ECG), and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Reversible pulmonary hypertension was labeled based on non-invasive criteria including room air saturation >93% and cardiomegaly on x-ray chest. Patients who had <93% and normal heart size on x-ray chest were excluded. The lower limit for age was 12 years.

Results: Nine Hundred Eighty One patients had undergone PDA device closure. 32 (n=32/981 3.3%) had fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The mean age was 22 ± 9 (13–45) years. Mean weight was 41 ± 11 (25-66) kg. Successful device closure was done in 30 patients (93.7%). Mean diameter of PDA was 7 ± 0.1 (4.5-13 mm. Mean PAP decreased from 59 ± 13 mmHg to 38 ± 19 mmHg (p<0.05). Commonest device used was Shasma duct occluder (n=16/32 50%) followed by Occlutech Duct Occluder (n=7/32 21.9%), while 2 had muscular VSD device (n=5/32 15.6%). In 2 patients, there was an underestimation of the size of PDA so the device was retrieved and replaced with another larger one successfully. Two patients had the device fully dropped into the main pulmonary artery before it was released. Larger size device was not available at that time so the patients were referred for surgery. None of our patients had device embolization or residual shunt on echo performed next day to the procedure. Neither any patient had residual pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography. There was no significant obstruction in the aorta in any patients. Two patients had mild left pulmonary artery obstruction. There was no significant obstruction in the aorta in any of our patients. There was pulse loss in 3 patients which were treated successfully with heparin infusion with no residual damage.

Conclusion: Device closure is a feasible option in adults with hypertensive PDA while the decision of reversibility is based on non-invasive criteria.
IN-HOSPITAL EARLY COMPLICATIONS IN DIABETICS VS NON DIABETICS WITH ACUTE ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AGE GROUP 30-70 YEARS
Authors: Khan Gul , Khan Imtiaz Ahmed , Khan Fahad Ahmad , Farhan Shaheer , Kamran Javeria , Janjua Anam Fatima , Samore Naseer Ahmed , Khan Sadaf , Aziz Sohail , Siddiqui Abdul Hameed
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine in hospital early complications in diabetics’ vs non diabetics with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in emergency departments and adult cardiology wards of Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, from Aug to Nov 2019.

Methodology: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted on 380 patients (190 patients with diabetes and 190 patients without diabetes) who presented with acute ST-Elevation MI in age group 30 to 70 years to emergency department of Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Disease during specified period. Patients with rescue PCI and new onset of LBBB were also included. Patients with age group lesser than 30 years or greater than 70 years with STEMI were excluded. Sampled with consecutive non probability technique in patients was assessed with ECG, cardiac enzymes, transthoracic echocardiography, renal Doppler and RFTs. All patients were admitted in wards and were followed up during hospital stay. Patients were evaluated and their record of Primary PCI and thrombolysis was also noted. Data was entered and analyzed with SPSS-23.

Results: A total of 380 patients with STEMI were included in this study consisting of 292 (76.8%) male and 88 (23.1%) female from 30 to 70 years. The patients were divided in two groups i.e. diabetic and non-diabetic, 190 patients were included in each group. It was found that frequency of ST-Elevation MI was higher in diabetic group as compared to non-diabetic group. All the patients were analyzed for complications occurred after STElevation MI. LV failure, Brady arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, post MI angina and cardiogenic shock were the main complications noted. It was found that all these complications are more in diabetic group post MI angina which occurred most frequently in non-diabetic group.

Conclusion: In our study we observed that left ventricular failure and arrhythmias were the major complications. Mortality was higher in diabetic patients than non-diabetic patients. In both groups PPCI and SK reduced mortality. Post MI angina were found more frequent in non-diabetic group.
FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: 12 YEARS EXPERIENCE AT AFIC /NIHD
Authors: Akbar Hajira , Ansari Asma , Nawaz Sadaf , Khalil Hafsa , Akhter Khurram , Mehmood Amjad , Sadiq Nadeem , Sultan Mehboob , Nafees Shahid
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of congenital cardiac lesions in pregnant women reporting for fetal echocardiogram and correlate with obstetrical risk factors.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: To be conducted at pediatric cardiology and obstetrical unit of AFIC/NIHD and CMH Rawalpindi, from Jan 2009 to Jan 2020.

Methodology: Pregnant women referred for fetal echocardiogram from 19-49 years of age were enrolled. Echo was done between 20 to 36 weeks gestation. Primary outcome was the nature of cardiac lesion and gestation at diagnosis. Neonatal scan was done at follow up to confirm cardiac diagnosis. Secondary outcome was obstetrical risk factors which were the reason for referral. This included age consanguinity, family history, previous history of intrauterine death or early neonatal death, maternal and paternal diseases. Data was collected and analyzed n frequencies and percentage. Chi-square was applied for association between variable and p-valve 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: A total of n=967 pregnant women referred to outpatient department for fetal echocardiogram. Congenital cardiac lesion were detected in n=83 patients. Majority of patients had CAVSD (1.2%) CCAVB (1.2%) followed by ASD (1.1%) VSD (0.9%) Abnormal heart rate (0.8%) Single ventricle (0.3%). Most significant maternal age group was between 21 to 30 and 30-40 years (43.7 and 46.2%). Only 3% below 20 years and 6.7% above40 years of age. Most important maternal risk factor was previous off spring 0.5% past family history 0.3% and abnormal obstetrical ultrasound 0.3% Followed by maternal diabetes 0.1% and maternal hypertension 0.1%. The yield of detection of congenital cardiac lesions was 8.3%.

Conclusions: Congenital cardiac diseases are the second most common congenital anomaly and huge burden n pediatric population. Timely diagnosis and referral can be lifesaving.
FREQUENCY OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Khan Sajid , Siddiqui Abdul Hameed , Samin Ariz , Mustafa Syed Hassan , Gul Akhtar , Mazhar Muhammad Waqas
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of acute kidney injury among patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, from Jan 2018 to Jul 2018.

Methodology: This study was conducted in the in the Department of Cardiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 22nd Jan 2018 to 22nd Jul 2018. Through a descriptive cross-sectional study design, a total of 116 patients scheduled for coronary angiography were included in the study in a consecutive manner and baseline / follow up serum creatinine was recorded to detect acute kidney injury.

Results: In this study 116 patients were included, 61.2% males and 38.8% females. Mean age of the patients was 55.6 years with a standard deviation of 6.6 years. Mean baseline serum creatinine level was 0.9 ± 0.11mg/dl which was 1.5 ± 0.11 48 hours after coronary angiography (p 0.000). AKI was recorded in 19.8% of patients.

Conclusion: Acute kidney injury after coronary angiography is not uncommon in our population. More studies are recommended on its risk factors and complications to draw future directions for its control and prevention.
COMPARISON BETWEEN HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES OF ATRACURIUM AND CISATRACURIUM IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CABG SURGERY
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Hussain Syed Aqeel , Siddiqi Rashad , Khan Fahad Ahmad , Javaid Rehana , Khan Rahmeen Pervaiz
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the hemodynamic effects of Atracurium versus Cisatracurium in Cardiac Patients Undergoing coronary artery bypass graft Surgery.

Study Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Rawalpindi, a tertiary care hospital, after seeking hospital ethics committee permission, from Apr 2019 to Oct 2019. Methodology: A total of 200 consecutive patients were randomized into two equal groups, group-A and group-C (100 in each group). Group-A patients were induced with 0.5mg/kg of Atracurium, followed by infusion @ 10μg/kg/min whereas group C patients received Cisatracurium @ 0.2mg/kg at induction, followed by infusion @ 2μg/kg/min during the maintainence phase. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were noted at different intervals of both groups. Decrease in systolic blood pressure of >20% from baseline or a value <90 mmHg was considered as hypotension.

Results: The mean age of patients was 57.5 ± 6.75 years and 56.52 ± 4.46 years in group A and group C respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was better maintained with cisatracurium than atracurium. Also Mean arterial pressure remained more stable with cisatracurium (p<0.05), but after opening of sternum and before going on cardiopulmonary bypass, the difference was insignificant in both groups (p>0.05). Heart rate remained more steady with cisatracurium (p<0.05) but had insignificant difference before going on cardiopulmonary bypass (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Cisatracurium found to be more suitable drug in maintaining the stable hemodynamics and preventing fluctuations in pressure in cardiac patients undergoing on-pump bypass surgery.
DEMOGRAPHICS AND MAJOR INDICATIONS FOR THE WARFARIN USE, THE COMPLIANCE RATE AND THE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING IN NON-ADHERENCE AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARDIAC CENTER OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Nazir Muhammad Talha Bin , Siddiqui Muhammad Mujtaba Ali , Khan Hamid Sharif , Saif Mohsin , Kousar Shabana , Sajid Muhammad Usman
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess the impact of a dedicated hospital based warfarin clinic assessing patients’ knowledge and improving the drug compliance in a tertiary cardiac center of Pakistan.

Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology from Jan 2019 to Jul 2019.

Methodology: Patients presenting in the anticoagulation clinic using warfarin for different cardiovascular indications from Jan to Jul 2019 were included in the study. Patients were assessed for their underlying cardiovascular condition, their international normalized ratio levels checked using a standard technique. The patients’ knowledge about the drug and the degree of compliance was judged by eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The patients were thoroughly counseled and reassessed six months later assessing the improvement in compliance with the warfarin therapy.

Results: Total number of 401 patients using warfarin for different cardiovascular diseases were studied. The mean age was 43.3 ± 13.3 years with 218 (54.5%) patients being male. Most of the patient 300 (75%) belonged to the low socio-economic group with average monthly income of <PKR 10,000/$65. In addition, 61.4% of the patients belonged to the rural set up. Mechanical valve replacement made the bulk of the indication for warfarin therapy with 44.7% of patients with mechanical mitral valve, 14% with mechanical double valve and 13% with mechanical aortic valve replacement. 13.7% of the patients on warfarin therapy had atrial fibrillation while 6.9% either had venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism. The compliance was good in 76.1% on baseline visit which increased to 86.7% on the first visit at six-month interval. Residence in rural areas and low socioeconomic status were the two factors contributing to poorer compliance which improved on the first visit.

Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status and residents of rural areas were resulting in comparatively poorer compliance with warfarin therapy which improved by educating such patients in specific warfarin clinic.
Assessment for Learning in Science Classrooms
Authors: Harrison Christine
Published: January 2021

Classroom assessment has grown in prominence over the last few decades and particularly the formative approach to instruction through assessment for learning (AfL). This paper draws across a number of studies about classroom talk to make a case for and propose some of the preconditions for effective feedback through Assessment for Learning interactions in science classrooms. As such, it provides an underpinning for formative pedagogy that structures classroom activities to provide more feedback and so create opportunities for teachers to respond to learners’ needs. Creating effective pedagogy, where feedback drives future learning, is a complex set of practices that requires both novice and experienced teachers to think carefully how they might build and evolve activities and dialogue, that help students voice and develop their conceptual understanding and an understanding of how they learn.
Stretch, Dream, and Do - A 21st Century Design Thinking & STEM Journey
Authors: Carroll Maureen
Published: January 2021

This paper describes the journey of d.Loft STEM Learning, a project of The National Science Foundation ITEST program, which supports building knowledge about approaches, models, and interventions involving K-12 education to increase the nation’s capacity and innovation in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields. d.Loft STEM Learning used design thinking as an underlying theoretical and pedagogical approach to enhance STEM learning. Design thinking is a human-centered, prototype-driven innovation process and a series of mindsets that provides a robust scaffold for divergent problem-solving. This paper describes how the design thinking provided a frame within which mentorship and STEM learning thrived, and suggests new ways to conceptualize student learning and teacher practice in 21st century learning contexts.
The Effectiveness of Using Young Professionals to Influence STEM Career Choices of Secondary School Students
Authors: Williams P John , Mangan Jenny
Published: January 2021

There is a concern in many countries that secondary school student interest in careers in the STEM areas is declining. In response, a program has been developed in New Zealand for young professional technologists, engineers and scientists (known as ambassadors) to visit schools and carry out a variety of interventions to educate and encourage students to choose STEM careers. The interventions include careers talks and classroom activities, organized by regional facilitators who are employed by the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand (IPENZ) to co-ordinate the programme across New Zealand. The goal of this research was to ascertain whether ambassador interventions are influential on students’ attitudes to careers and curriculum choices in school. The objectives were 1) To investigate the impact of the interventions on students’ views and perceptions of STEM careers; and 2) To discover any specific factors that must also exist in a given context for an intervention to be effective. The main finding was that the ambassador interventions were influential on student career decision processes, though not all students were influenced. The facilitators work effectively in recruiting, training, organizing and supporting the ambassadors, and the ambassadors belief in the value of what they are doing helps ensure effective interventions. The research outcomes are presented as a range of recommendations.
Comparing Robert Noyce Scholars and Non- Robert Noyce Scholars Perceptions of Teaching
Authors: Whitfield Jennifer G. , Waxman Hersh , Scott Timothy
Published: January 2021

Staffing high schools with highly qualified math and science teachers continues to be a challenge for school districts across the U.S. (NCTAF, 2010; Ingersoll & Merril, 2010). One way to address this challenge is to offer financial incentives, in the form of scholarships or grants, for high performing college students to become high school mathematics or science teachers. Oftentimes, attached to these financial incentives are service commitments to which recipients must agree to teach for a specified number of years in a high-need school or district. Investigating the impact these types of scholarship programs have on the high school math and science teacher staffing issue is an area that warrants more research. To help identify some characteristics of students involved in these types of financial incentive programs, our study investigates how the Robert Noyce Scholarship Program influenced students’ decisions to become a high school mathematics or science teachers and their dispositions about teaching in schools. In this study, we administered a 70 item survey to 61 participants (29 experimental group, 32 control group) during the summer of 2015. Latent variables were created using Exploratory Factor Analysis and differences between the experimental and control groups were tested with the Mann-Whitney U and Chi-Square tests. Findings indicate statistically significant differences in three areas: (a) scholarship recipients’ decisions to become a high school mathematics or science teacher, (b) plans for graduate education, and (c) teacher preparation.
What Does an Engineer Do? Conceptual Changes and Effects of Fellow Engagement on Middle School Students Involved in a GK-12 Program
Authors: Genareo Vincent R. , Kemis Mari , Raman D. Raj
Published: January 2021

This study investigates students’ conceptions of engineering at the beginning and end of their involvement in a National Science Foundation funded Graduate STEM Fellows in K-12 Education (GK-12) program. It examines whether students involved in the program exhibited greater conceptions of engineering from beginning to end, whether differences exist among males and females, and if students’ engagement and satisfaction with their Fellows affects growth in conceptions of engineering. Pre-survey and post-survey data were collected annually over four years from 1,522 participants in grades 7 and 8 who had a GK-12 Fellow. Statistical analyses indicated students gained significantly in their conceptions of engineering during a year of GK-12 involvement. Those with a second year benefitted more, and the initial conception of engineering gap that occurred between males and females was closed by the end of students’ involvement in GK-12. The greater the degree of student engagement and satisfaction with their GK-12 Fellows, the more accurate were their conceptions of engineering. This study suggests STEM-focused partnership programs may positively affect students’ career conceptions, and there is value in value placing resident scientists who can facilitate student engagement in classrooms. Recommendations to program coordinators are provided.
Preschool Teachers’ Role in Establishing Joint Action During Children’s Free Inquiry in STEM
Authors: Fridberg Marie , Redfors Andreas
Published: January 2021

With science and digitalization emphasized further in the new Swedish preschool curriculum, there is a need to clarify teachers’ role in educating children in and about these areas. In the present study, the Joint Action Theory of Didactics has been used to analyze the didactic game taking place between teachers and children in two preschools during inquiry-based STEM activities, with and without the use of robots during programming. The results highlight different coaching strategies used by the teachers and how these strategies promote the joint actions during children’s STEM inquiry integrating programming and science. Interestingly, the joint action-strategies used by the teachers are similar and independent of whether the programming involves digital tools or not. Such strategies involve establishing a common ground of knowledge in the group and hands-on teaching. Both teachers start with teacher-scaffolded activities that develop into free inquiry and exploration through the children’s own ideas, coached by the teachers on both individual and collaborative levels. The findings add to the discussion about how teachers can coach preschool children’s learning and inquiry of programming and STEM – implications for preschool practice are discussed.
Tipo de piso en la jaula de parición y número del parto sobre el rendimiento e incidencia de diarrea en lechones
Authors: Parco E. M. , Pujada H. N. , Airahuacho F. E.
Published: January 2021

ResumenObjetivos: Evaluar el efecto del tipo de piso en la jaula de parición y número del parto sobre el rendimiento e incidencia de diarrea en lechones. Metodología: Se utilizaron registros de 105 partos de marranas de la línea Camborough 29 de una granja comercial. Para evaluar el efecto de dos tipos de piso en la jaula de parición (polipropileno y concreto) y número del parto (1o, 2o, 3o, 4o, 5o y 6o) sobre el peso al destete de los lechones (PD) y el índice de crecimiento de la camada (ICC), se utilizó el análisis de la varianza de un diseño multifactorial. Los casos de diarreas (CD) por tipo de piso y número del parto se evaluaron mediante la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: El piso de polipropileno mejoró el PD (6,12 ± 0,65 vs. 5,69 ± 0,64) y el ICC (2,42 ± 0,19 vs. 2,21 ± 0,20) en comparación al piso de concreto (P < 0,05), pero no influyó en la incidencia de CD (P ˃ 0,05). El número del parto tuvo efecto sobre el PD, ICC y en la incidencia de CD (P < 0,05). Conclusiones: La jaula de parición con piso de polipropileno mejoró el PD e ICC y no influyó en la incidencia de CD y el número del parto influyó en el PD, ICC y en la incidencia de CD.Palabras clave: Lechón, peso destete, índice de crecimiento, diarrea, jaulas de parición
Memoria del Director : 1969 - 1970
Authors: Núñez Hague Estuardo
Published: January 2021

Memoria de la Biblioteca Nacional, en la cual don Estuardo Núñez Hague  expone sobre las actividades realizadas en esta Institución durante los años 1967-1970.
Towards an improved treatment of cloud-radiation interaction in weather and climate models: exploring the potential of the Tripleclouds method for various cloud types using libRadtran 2.0.4
Authors: Črnivec Nina , Mayer Bernhard
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Although the representation of unresolved clouds in radiation schemes of coarse-resolution weather and climate models has progressed noticeably over the past years, a lot of room remains for improvement, as the current picture is by no means complete. The main objective of the present study is to advance the cloud-radiation interaction parameterization, focusing on the issues related to model misrepresentation of cloud horizontal inhomogeneity. This subject is addressed with the state-of-the-art Tripleclouds radiative solver, the fundamental feature of which is the inclusion of the optically thicker and thinner cloud fraction, where the thicker is associated with the presence of convective updraft elements. The research challenge is to optimally set the pair of cloud condensates characterizing the two cloudy regions and the corresponding geometrical split of layer cloudiness. A diverse cloud field data set was collected for the analysis, comprising case studies of stratocumulus, cirrus and cumulonimbus. The primary goal is to assess the validity of global cloud variability estimate along with various condensate distribution assumptions. More sophisticated parameterizations are subsequently explored, optimizing the treatment of overcast as well as extremely heterogeneous cloudiness. The radiative diagnostics including atmospheric heating rate and net surface flux are consistently studied using the Tripleclouds method, evaluated against a three-dimensional radiation computation. The performance of Tripleclouds mostly significantly surpasses the conventional calculation on horizontally homogeneous cloudiness. The effect of horizontal photon transport is further quantified. The overall conclusions are intrinsically different for each particular cloud type, encouraging endeavors to enhance the use of cloud regime dependent methodologies in next-generation atmospheric models. This study highlighting the Tripleclouds potential for three essential cloud types signifies the need for more research examining a broader spectrum of cloud morphologies.
La naissance d’un nouveau sujet dans L’amour, la fantasia d’Assia Djebar
Authors: Ghaderi Andisheh
Published: January 2021

Raconter le passé colonial de France est devenu un devoir de mémoire. L’on peut dire que les sujets exilés sont comme des êtres déplacés qui n’arrivent à trouver la paix qu’en embrassant les histoires qui ressemblent à la leur. Cette pluralité les dote d’une force qui fait entendre leur voix occultée depuis le début de l’histoire coloniale française. Djebar voyageant vers l’écriture fait un parcours douloureux pour raconter le malaise du sujet postcolonial. De ce fait, la scène de sa défloraison en France est une scène banale qui devient symbolique. Cette défloraison issue d’un acte soudain et violent lui fait mal, mais la libère, car elle devient le point déclencheur d’un roman autobiographique multilangue et de voix plurielle.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALCOHOL INTOXICATIONS AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN VARNA REGION FOR 2015-2017 AND STUDY OF PARENT BEHAVIOR
Authors:   Clinic for Intensive Treatment of Acute Intoxications and Toxicoallergies, Naval Hospital – Varna, Military Medical Academy, Bulgaria, Zlateva Snezha , Marinov Petko ,   Clinic for Intensive Treatment of Acute Intoxications and Toxicoallergies, Naval Hospital – Varna, Military Medical Academy, Bulgaria, Bonchev Georgi ,   Clinic for Intensive Treatment of Acute Intoxications and Toxicoallergies, Naval Hospital – Varna, Military Medical Academy, Bulgaria
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To research the frequency of acute alcohol intoxications among young people of age 10-18 in Varna region within the time frame 2015-2017 and to examine the correspondent parent behavior. Material/Methods: A total of 159 adolescents were examined. All of them were registered patients of the Clinic for Intensive Treatment of Acute Intoxications and Toxicoallergies at the Naval Hospital – Varna. Alcohol dependence was studied by means of CAGE test. The evaluation of the parent behavior was done in accordance with Robert's methodology and involved 54 parents. Results: It was demonstrated that the initial alcohol consumption age is very low, approximately 10-11. Acute alcohol intoxications among young people vary from year to year, but such cases were estimated to represent 12-19% of all registered alcohol intoxications in the region studied. Most abused beverage types are spirits and beer; wine is less preferred. The analysis of the parent behavior shows a definite underestimation of the problem in both sociological consequences and health risks directions.
DESAFÍOS ÉTICOS DE LA EVALUACIÓN EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Silva Águila Manuel
Published: January 2021

En la actualidad pedagógica, la Evaluación Educacional como modalidad que permite obtener información sobre aprendizajes logrados y tomar decisiones a partir de la misma, parece desprenderse de su raíz. En efecto, la educación como espacio de realización humana de valores y de formas de intervenir en el mundo, ha perdido progresivamente su norte, en la medida que la evaluación educacional enfatiza la medición, la selección y la clasificación de los estudiantes al interior de la escolaridad.
LA EDUCACIÓN EN LA SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO Y DEL RIESGO
Authors: Mella Garay Elia
Published: January 2021

Los desafíos que la sociedad actual le plantea a la educación se consideran desde la perspectiva de la construcción del conocimiento y de una sociedad democrática, proponiendo el desarrollo de competencias profesionales, que posibiliten que las personas, en el contexto de la sociedad del conocimiento y del riesgo, sean capaces de posicionarse e integrarse en ella, aportando reflexiva y críticamente, a la construcción y desarrollo del ser humano como individuo y al de la sociedad en su conjunto.
Acerca de las competencias cognitivas
Authors: Rodríguez Quezada Verónica
Published: January 2021

El desarrollo de competencias cognitivas en nuestros alumnos es un tema que empieza a emerger con fuerza en nuestro medio educativo y muchos docentes se Interesan por saber cuáles son éstas o en qué consisten con precisión. Punto que no existe una conceptualización totalmente integrada. Se Intenta mostrar algunas posturas que reflejan los aspectos más relevantes del concepto.
Eficacia y eficiencia en la enseñanza media chilena desde los datos SIMCE 1994,1998 y 2001
Authors: Redondo Rojo Jesús M. , Descouvieres Carrillo Carlos , Rojas Patuelli Karina
Published: January 2021

En el artículo se aborda la calidad de la educación en el 2º Medio mediante el análisis de la eficiencia de los colegios y liceos. Se utilizan los datos de la prueba nacional SIMCE de 2º Medio de 1994, 1998 y 2001. La eficiencia se calcula mediante regresión lineal múltiple de la eficacia (logro escolar = resultados SIMCE), con control de variables de input: inversión por alumno, nivel educativo de los padres y vulnerabilidad educativa.

Los resultados SIMCE dependen en un 69% de las tres variables de input estudiadas, siendo imputable a los centros escolares en un 31 %. Las diferencias en eficiencia entre las redes pública y privada apenas alcanza a 1.75 puntos promedio (hay que tener en cuenta que no se ha podido controlar la selección de alumnos por los centros). Los centros financiados con fondos públicos son los que muestran un progreso en su eficiencia en el estudio longitudinal, especialmente los municipales.

Los resultados apuntan a que el mercado en la educación no está justificado empíricamente para mejorar la calidad y eficiencia en la educación, aunque si para generar negocios con la educación.
Impacto de la gestión en la calidad educativa de las organizaciones educativas
Authors: López Alfaro Pablo
Published: January 2021

Existen factores que afectan negativamente la calidad de los resultados de las organizaciones educativas, entre ellos la ausencia de una evaluación clara de su gestión y de las variables relevantes para el funcionamiento efectivo de estas organizaciones, como son: la satis¬facción de los beneficiarios, los resultados que ésta entrega a la sociedad en la cual se desarrolla y el impacto que en ella tienen los servicios que la escuela les reporta.

En el presente trabajo se propone un modelo causal que identifica algunas variables que inciden en la gestión de las organizaciones escolares y las relaciones entre dichas variables, así como el efecto que el análisis de la gestión tiene en los resultados de estas organizaciones y se releva la importancia de someter a cualquier modelo de evaluación o diagnóstico a una validación empírica, no sólo para detectar cuáles son aquellas variables que necesariamente deben ser consideradas como relevantes en el modelo, sino principalmente para conocer las interrelaciones existentes entre las mismas y el impacto que cada una de ellas tiene en la calidad de la gestión que se está evaluando.
DIVERSIDAD Y EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL
Authors: Arnold Cathalifaud Marcelo
Published: January 2021

Este artículo contiene breves reflexiones en torno a la diversidad cultural y a la educación intercultural. Se refiere a los conflictos latentes que se desprenden del hecho que la diversidad cultural no ha constituido base para la construcción de las instituciones políticas de la modernidad. Esto conlleva una escalada de exclusiones entre las cuales se destaca la ausencia de discusión pública, en los diversos estamentos sociales, sobre derechos y/o condiciones de grupos étnico-culturales. Mayorías etnoculturales, igualmente, no demandan su visibilidad.

Se plantea el tratamiento de la diversidad e identidades culturales develando sus limitaciones a través de tres aproximaciones: (1) las consecuencias perversas del supuesto que el vínculo cultural sostiene la unidad de la sociedad, en estados soberanos; (2) el conceptualizar identidad cultural como revitalización de prácticas ancestrales. Las estrategias y motivaciones de los movimientos responden más bien a condiciones de la globalización y efectos de programas económicos; (3) partir del supuesto que la constitución de estados-nacionales es un recurso para alcanzar reconocimiento pleno de un grupo etnocultural, es incongruente con la internalización de organizaciones poderosas, entre otros factores.
¿UN MANUAL PARA LA IZQUIERDA? PROPUESTA DE UN MARCO CONCEPTUAL PARA LAS POLÍTICAS EDUCATIVAS DE LA IZQUIERDA EN AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Burton Guy
Published: January 2021

El artículo presenta un marco conceptual para comprender los enfoques de las políticas educacionales de Izquierda en América Latina. Este toma forma de continuo entre cuyos extremos, superficial y profundo, se ubican las políticas educativas de la izquierda o progresistas que dibujan el continuo a un nivel abstracto sobre la base de las características de igualdad-diferencia asociadas al espectro político Izquierda-Derecha de Bobbio (1996)

Se presenta a la revolución cubana, y en menor medida la sandinista, como las principales fuentes de educación progresista en la región antes de los años ochenta; se examina las características neo-liberales y neo-conservadoras asociadas a la nueva derecha y la respuesta de la izquierda. Esta tomó varias formas en los noventa y en el dos mil: comunistas tradicionales (Cuba), reformistas de tercera vía (por ejemplo, PSDB en Brasil y la Concertación en Chile) y radicales de primera generación (Partido de los Trabajadores en Brasil, Frente Amplio uruguayo, Izquierda Unida de Perú, Causa R en Venezuela y sandinistas desde 2007) y radicales de segunda generación (como los gobiernos de Chávez, Morales y Correa). Luego, las políticas educativas de cada una de estas corrientes progresistas son ubicadas tentativamente en el espectro de educación progresista.
Methodology of Teaching the Double Bass
Authors: Kapusi Kálmán
Published: January 2021

This study offers assistance to those who are going to teach or already do teach how to play the double bass. It provides a summary from how to positione the instrument, through the most important musical terminology and all the technical difficulties thought to be obligatory for doublebass players. The first part of the study focuses on the main types of personalities of both teachers and sudents describing the major possibilities of harmonizing co-working and how to motivate and handle different characters. The second part describes the most frequent technical problems, for example instrument and bow positioning, practice routine and the preservation of the player’s working ability. Keywords: doublebass, methodology, pedagogy
Various Tonal Systems and Phenomena in the 19th and 20th Centuries
Authors: Horváth Zsolt
Published: January 2021

This study – without claiming completeness – takes into account systems and phenomena in which the organising of pitches is different from that of functional tonality. A central topic is how the principle of symmetry prevails, along with possible interpretations of the notion of tonality. The starting point of the most important manifestations of symmetry is the equal division of the octave, from which the issues of the distance scales are inseparable. The study presents the interactions of diatonic scale and pitch-organization based on the principles of symmetry, which casts a new light on the phenomenon of polytonality. The study relies on important research published abroad during the last few decades – mainly in relation to Stravinsky’s music – but which may be lesser known in Hungary. Keywords: “Ungar” scale, symmetry, polytonality
Evaluation of ecological extremes of vehicles in road emission tests
Authors: Pielecha Jacek , Skobiej Kinga
Published: January 2021

New testing procedures for determining road emissions of exhaust pollutants for passenger vehicles were established in 2018. New road testing procedures are designed to determine actual exhaust emissions, which may not always reflect laboratory emissions. Test procedures for the emission of pollutants in real traffic conditions are divided into four stages. The latest research on the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles in road traffic conditions, carried out using mobile measuring systems, reflects the actual ecological state of vehicles. The article compares the results of exhaust emissions obtained in road tests using the latest legislative proposals for passenger cars. Then, an attempt was made to determine the engine operating parameters in which exhaust road emission would be the lowest. Solution scenarios were defined as part of permissible changes to dynamic parameters that are included in European legislation on RDE testing. For this purpose, an optimization tool was used, allowing on the basis of given input data to determine the minimum objective function, defined as the smallest emission value of individual harmful compounds. The results of the exhaust gas emissions in the RDE test were used to determine the road emissions of individual harmful compounds. A thorough analysis of the emission intensity of individual compounds has shown that it is possible to approximate such values using functional relationships or adopting them as a constant value. This division was used to determine the extremes (in this case the minima) of the objective function (minimum road emissions of harmful exhaust compo-nents). This task resulted in obtaining (within the permissible tolerances of all driving parameters and durations of individual road test sections) the value of exhaust emissions in the range from 26% to 81% lower than in the actual road test. This means that there is a tolerance range, where you can obtain the value of emissions in road tests. As a result, you can use the process of determining the minimum emissions tests RDE calibration of the drive units already at the stage of preparation so that in the real traffic conditions characterized by the lowest exhaust emissions.
CONFIGURAÇÕESPOR UMA DEMOCRACIA PROFANADA: SACRALIDADE DA POLÍTICA A PARTIR DE GIORGIO AGAMBEN
Authors: Morais Bruno , Veríssimo Vitor
Published: January 2021

Este ensaio tem por objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a democracia representativa e seus problemas ontológicos de não possibilitar aos seus sujeitos um agenciamento ativo e protagonismo nas escolhas de todo o processo democrático. Assim, por meio da filosofia radical de Giorgio Agamben intentamos extrair no pensamento do autor a crítica ao conceito de representação política e como sua aplicação pelo Estado Democrático de Direito funciona, ao contrário do que se pretende nas Constituições firmadas pelos próprios Estados, numa barreira, ou nos termos agambenianos, numa sacralização do espaço político, que tem por objetivo a separação. Esta separação - o relegere – funciona então como dispositivo de poder para cercear o protagonismo político e limitá-lo à determinados agentes de poder.