bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of an efficient SARS-CoV-2 specimen pooling strategy for high throughput diagnostic testing
Authors: Singh Lavanya , Anyaneji Ugochukwu J. , Ndifon Wilfred , Turok Neil , Mattison Stacey A. , Lessells Richard , Sinayskiy Ilya , San Emmanuel J. , Tegally Houriiyah , Barnett Shaun , Lorimer Trevor , Petruccione Francesco , Oliveira Tulio
Published: May 2021

The rapid identification and isolation of infected individuals remains a key strategy for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Frequent testing of populations to detect infection early in asymptomatic or presymptomatic individuals can be a powerful tool for intercepting transmission, especially when the viral prevalence is low. However, RT-PCR testing – the gold standard of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis – is expensive, making regular testing of every individual unfeasible. Sample pooling is one approach to lowering costs. By combining samples and testing them in groups the number of tests required is reduced, substantially lowering costs. Here we report on the implementation of pooling strategies using 3-d and 4-d hypercubes to test a professional sports team in South Africa. We have shown that infected samples can be reliably detected in groups of 27 and 81, with minimal loss of assay sensitivity for samples with individual Ct values up to 32. We report on automation of sample pooling, using a liquid-handling robot and an automated web interface to identify positive samples. We conclude that hypercube pooling allows for the reliable RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, at significantly lower cost than lateral flow antigen (LFA) tests.
AI based satisfaction survey of patients in fever clinics during the outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Ma Wang , Wang Wei , Zhu Yongqian , Gao Wen , Zhu Hong , Liu Yun
Published: May 2021

Background: We assessed patient by automated survey method in understanding and satisfaction with the use of fever clinic, and observed the effectiveness of this method. Methods: Total 873 patients in fever clinc at Jiangsu Province Hospital (JSPH) from 20 January 2019 to 18 June 2020 were investigated by an antomated survey method conbined by Wechat, Short Message Service (SMS) and AI voice call. Responses were assessed for overall positivity or negativity and further compared according to patients types (isolated patients and non-isolated patients). Responses were also described and compared for each type of survey. Results: A total of 379 patient surveys were returned, for a total response rate of 43.4%. Isolated and non-isolated patients responses were similar and all with more than 90% satisfaction. Most isolated patient represent that the medical staff had explained to them the reason for the isolation and know that can helps prevent COVID-19. AI voice calls had the highest percentage of all response types, followed by WeChat and SMS. Conclusion: The patient has a positive response to the use of fever clinic. The automated survey method combine by different survey types can bring great convenience to the investigation while ensuring good investigation efficiency.
Change in country-level COVID-19 case fatality rate is associated with improved testing; no apparent role of medical care or disease-specific knowledge
Authors: Smith Maia P.
Published: May 2021

Observed case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 has decreased since the beginning of the pandemic. Reasons for this decline include improved knowledge of COVID-19 pathogenesis, leading to improved medical care of confirmed cases. However, ascertainment also plays a role: as more low-risk individuals are tested and more mild cases identified, observed CFR will decline. Previously I showed that geography-level CFR was cross-sectionally negatively associated with test density; here I test for similar trends within geography over six months, and check plausibility of various posited causes. Although CFR varied between geographies, its association with testing did not: in 141 geographies, CFR dropped by an average of 18% for each doubling of test density. Change in CFR within a given geography was not associated either with that geography’s medical spending or with whether the bulk of cases occurred early or late in the pandemic. This shows that medical interventions, including those specific to COVID-19, have only a minimal effect on total CFR. Two major conclusions follow. First, interventions to reduce CFR should be evaluated by comparing groups that received the intervention to those who did not: decline in CFR after an intervention is not evidence of effectiveness. Second, improving clinical care of confirmed COVID-19 cases has only a minimal effect on death rates. To minimize the total death toll of COVID-19, policymakers should prioritize reducing infections.
Implementation of the Nurse Professional Competence Scale in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Ivanišević Kata , Kosić Radoslav , Bošković Sandra , Bukvić Marija
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Nurse Professional Competence Scale in Croatia, in order to implement it as a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of nurses’ competence.Design: Psychometric instrument validation study.Methods: The validity of the contents and construction, as well as internal consistency, and affirmative factor analysis were measured. Nurse Professional Competence Scale has been distributed to 311 nurses who completed undergraduate or graduate nursing studies. All participants completed an online survey. The data was collected between April and July 2020.Results: The six-factor structure (Nursing care, Value-Based Nursing, Medical and Technical Care, Care Pedagogics, Documentation and Administration of Nursing Care, and Development, Leadership and Organization of Nursing Care) of the Nurse Professional Competence Scale has been confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha equals to 0.92.Conclusions: Psychometric properties of the Nurse Professional Competence Scale in the Republic of Croatia show that the scale is reliable and valid as a measurement instrument, and can be used as such in research to assess the quality of professional competencies of nurses.
Design, Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Triazole-pyrimidine Derivatives as SecA Inhibitors
Authors: BAMBA FANTE , Camara Tchambaga , Sioménan Coulibali , Akpa Sagne Jacques , Ané Adjou
Published: May 2021

SecA, a key component of bacterial Sec-dependent secretion pathway, is an attractive target for exploring novel antimicrobials. Along this line, we reported optimization of a hit bistriazole (SCA 21) which has been previously identified as a SecA inhibitor. Herein we describe the synthesis of some novel triazole-pyrimidine derivative by structural modification of SCA 21. Some of them have been evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against against Escherichia coli NR698 (a leaky mutant), Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis Sterne.
Analysis of the Association Between Low Dose Bone, Lung, and Heart Irradiation and Survival Rates for Patients Who Received High-dose Proton Beam Therapy With Concurrent Chemotherapy for Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Nakamura Masatoshi , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Ohnishi Kayoko , Mori Yutarou , Baba Keiichiro , Nakazawa Kensuke , Shiozawa Toshihiro , Sekine Ikuo , Maruo Kazushi , Okumura Toshiyuki , Sakurai Hideyuki
Published: May 2021

Background: Lymphocytes play an important role in the cancer immune system. We investigated influences of irradiated doses and volumes of the bone on lymphopenia and survivals in chemoradiotherapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods: Data from 41 patients with stage III unresectable NSCLC who received definitive proton beam therapy (PBT) of 74 GyE with concurrent chemotherapy between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The correlation between dosimetry parameters obtained from dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of the bone, lung, and heart and lymphopenia during PBT were analyzed. Maximum and minimum absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCmax and ALCmin) and maximum neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLRmax) were used as indicators of lymphopenia. Clinical factors, dosimetry parameters, and indicators of lymphopenia were also evaluated for the correlation with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS).Results: Significant inverse correlations were observed between bone V5 and ALCmax (ρ = -0.377, p = 0.015) and ALCmin (ρ = -0.441, p = 0.003) during the treatment period. Also, significant correlation between bone V5 and NLRmax (ρ = 0.398, p = 0.010) was observed, but bone V5 exhibited no significant association with OS, PFS, or DMFS. On the other hand, heart V5 (Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.032, p = 0.023), ALCmax (HR: 0.999, p = 0.049), and NLRmax (HR: 1.035, p = 0.007) were significantly associated with OS in univariable analysis. Lung V5 tended to be associated with PFS in univariable analysis (HR: 1.047, p = 0.056) and was significantly associated with DMFS (HR: 1.075, p =0.005). In multivariable analysis, heart V5 was not associated with OS, whereas ALCmax was significantly associated with OS (HR: 0.999, p = 0.022). Lung V5 was not a factor associated with PFS, but it was significantly associated with DMFS (HR: 1.062, p = 0.027).Conclusions: In PBT with chemotherapy for stage III NSCLC, lymphopenia was correlate with irradiation doses to the bone and lung, and lung dose but not bone dose was associated with DMFS.
Airway inflammatory profile among cleaning workers from different workplaces
Authors: Paz Edineia Rosa da , de Lima Cynthia Mafra Fonseca , Felix Soraia Nogueira , Schaeffer Bruna , Galvão Clóvis Eduardo Santos , Correia Aristides Tadeu , Righetti Renato Fraga , Martins Milton de Arruda , Tibério Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo , Romanholo Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva
Published: May 2021

Background: Cleaning workers represent a significant proportion of the active population worldwide, with poor remuneration, particularly in developing countries. Despite this, they remain a relatively poorly studied occupational group. They are constantly exposed to agents that can cause symptoms and respiratory problems.Objective: To investigate the airway inflammation and respiratory symptoms of cleaning workers from different workplaces. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of upper airway inflammation and symptoms of asthma/rhinitis related to cleaning work, according to workplace.167 participants were divided into four groups: Hospital (H), University (U), Housekeeper (Ho) and Control (C). A nasal swab was collected for upper airway inflammation evaluation. Clinical profiles and respiratory symptom employee evaluations were performed using specific questionnaires (ECRHS and ISAAC).Results: Cleaning workers showed increased neutrophils and lymphocytes; Hospital and University showed increased macrophages compared to the Housekeeper and Control. Hospital and Housekeeper showed increased eosinophils when they performed cleaning services for up to one year and also reported having more asthma symptoms than the Control. Cleaning workers showed increased rhinitis symptoms. The University group showed increased rhinitis symptoms aggravated by the workplace compared with the Hospital and Housekeeper. Cleaning workers showed an increased affirmative response when direct asked about rhinitis symptoms compared to Control.Conclusions: Cleaning workers showed airway inflammation, asthma symptoms and rhinitis, regardless of the occupational environment to which they were exposed and also showed increased rhinitis and asthma symptoms. Hospital cleaning workers showed increased macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils compared to the others. The length of time spent performing cleaning work was not related to nasal inflammation or respiratory symptoms in this population. However, there are differences in workplaces. Clinical Trial registration number NCT03311048, October 16, 2017. Availble at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03311048 (retrospectively registered).
One-year Observational Study of an Iris Camera Corneal Opacification Measurement and Pentacam Densitometry in Keratoconus after Corneal Crosslinking
Authors: Emma-Duru Chimdi , Carley Fiona , Hillarby Chantal , Aslam Tariq
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate levels of corneal haze in adult patients with keratoconus treated by corneal crosslinking, using Iris camera and Corneal densitometry imaging. Methods: This was a prospective, observational cross-sectional study on patients attending the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital outpatient department. Iris camera, Pentacam densitometry and visual acuity measurements were collected from patients in two groups. In group A, patients were assessed before and after crosslinking (CXL), whereas in group B, measurements were made for an extended period after their CXL had been performed. Results: Group A consisted of 13 eyes of 13 patients, and group B consisted of 41 eyes of 41 patients. In group A average age was 26.69 (7.19) years. Average time of measurements taken before CXL was 1.85 (0.80) months and after CXL 12.69 (0.63) months. When comparing values before CXL and after, there was a significantly decreased COM score (P=0.001) and Pentacam Corneal densitometry measurement (P=0.003) representing improved corneal clarity. There was a corresponding significant improvement in vision in all eyes in group A after CXL procedure, and 100% of eyes reached a BCVA of ≤20/50 (≤0.4 LogMAR) (P=0.002). In group B, the mean first examination time was post-treatment 3.24 (1.48) months and for the second examination, post-treatment 12.56 (0.81) months. Between these two visits, there was a significant decrease in COM score (P=0.002) and corneal densitometry (P=0.0004) as well as improvement in BCVA (P=0.0002). In this group also, 100% of eyes reached a BCVA of ≤20/50 (≤0.4 LogMAR) by the time of their last follow up. Conclusion: There is a significant improvement in corneal opacification measures using both Iris camera and densitometry when assessing before and after CXL and also sequentially 3 and 12 months after the procedure. The iris camera represents a promising, portable and practical means of assessing and monitoring corneal clarity for this purpose.
Comparing Cotyledon, Leaf and Root Resistance To Downy Mildew in Radish (Raphanus Sativus L.)
Authors: Coelho Paula S. , Valério Luisa , Monteiro António A.
Published: May 2021

Radish downy mildew (DM) is a disease caused by the oomycete Hyaloperonospora brassicae f. sp. raphani and it is a serious problem in radish production, an edible root vegetable crop of the Brassicaceae family. The objective of this research was to assess radish germplasm for DM resistance and to evaluate the response of different radish organs to the disease. Cotyledons, true-leaves and roots of 44 radish accessions were inoculated with H. brassicae isolates under controlled conditions. The cotyledons were individually evaluated 7dpi (days post-inoculation), and the leaves and roots 12dpi. DM symptoms varied with the radish genotype and plant organ analysed. Thirty-five resistant and partially resistant accessions were identified and are promising sources to DM. A significant correlation was observed between cotyledon and leaf (1st and 2nd leaves) DM resistance, but no correlation was found between the resistance of cotyledons or true-leaves and roots. Cotyledon and leaf response cannot be used to predict radish root resistance. However, cotyledon resistance has its own value because non-infected cotyledons will act as a barrier to slow disease progression to true-leaves and roots.
Preliminary Experience of Autologous Free Dermal Graft Combined With Free Myocutaneous Flap in the Treatment of Refractory Bronchopleural Fistula With Empyema
Authors: Wang Lei , He Zhongliang , Chen Guoxing , Xin Shunxin , Zhang Chun
Published: May 2021

Background: To explore the effects of autologous free dermal graft combined with free myocutaneous flap on bronchopleural fistula with empyema. Methods: Two patients with refractory empyema and bronchopleural fistula were treated with autologous free dermal graft combined with free myocutaneous flap. The free dermal graft was harvested from the skin around the incision and the fistula was sutured intermittently. The lateral femoral myocutaneous flap was selected as the free flap. Using microsurgery techniques, the descending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery and the thoracodorsal blood vessel were anastomosed intermittently to maintain the blood supply of the myocutaneous flap. After surgery, the empyema, air leakage, and the survival of the myocutaneous flap were observed. Results: No necrosis of the myocutaneous flap was observed after surgery. There was no disease recurrence after follow-up for seven and six months, respectively. Re-examination of the chest computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging indicated that the empyema residual cavity had disappeared. Conclusion: Autologous free dermal graft combined with free lateral femoral myocutaneous flap transplantation is effective in the treatment of patients with bronchopleural fistula with refractory chronic empyema, with satisfactory clinical effects.
Impact of Self-Management Behavior on Heart Failure Patients’ Quality of Life: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Choi Eui-Young , Park Jin-Sun , Min Deulle , Lee Hye Sun , Ahn Jeong-Ah
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the variables that significantly affect heart failure patients’ quality of life, and particularly, to identify the impact of self-management behavior on the quality of life. MethodsThis retrospective study used heart failure patients’ data from cardiovascular outpatient clinics at two tertiary medical centers in Korea. We enrolled 119 patients who completed echocardiography and stress tests and responded to questionnaires on self-management behavior and quality of life. We collected more data on general and disease-related characteristics and anthropometric and serum blood test results through electronic medical record review. We analyzed data using the classification and regression tree to explore the influencing factors and their characteristics in patients with high and low quality of life. ResultsPatients’ mean age was 74.61 years, and women represented 52.1% of the sample. It showed that the cardiac systolic function (β = 0.26, p = .013) and self-management behavior (β = 0.20, p = .048) were two major influential factors on heart failure patients’ quality of life. Therefore, HF patients’ self-management behavior is a significant modifiable factor that can improve their quality of life.ConclusionsHealthcare providers should be aware of the importance of heart failure patients’ self-management and help promote their quality of life by enhancing their self-management behavior.
Reconstruction of Long Segmental Tibial Bone Defects Caused by Infection using the Bifocal or Trifocal Bone Transport Technique with Monolateral Rail External Fixator
Authors: Abulaiti Alimujiang , Liu Yanshi , Cai Feiyu , Liu Kai , Abula Abulaiti , Maimaiti Xiayimaierdan , Ren Peng , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang
Published: May 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and determine the differences, if any, between trifocal and bifocal bone transport technique in the reconstruction of long segmental tibial bone defects caused by infection using a monolateral rail external fixator. Methods: A total of 53 consecutive patients with long segmental tibial bone defects caused by infection and treated by monolateral rail external fixator in our department were retrospectively collected and analyzed from January 2013 to April 2019, including 39 males and 14 females with an average age of 38.8±12.4 years (range 19 to 65 years). 32 patients were treated by bifocal bone transport (BFT) technique, and the other 21 patients were managed by trifocal bone transport (TFT) technique. The demographic data, operation duration, docking time, external fixation time, and external fixation index were documented and analyzed. Difficulties that occur during the treatment were classified according to Paley. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov criteria (ASAMI) at the last clinical visit.Results: All patients achieved an infection-free union finally, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in demographic data and both ASAMI bone and functional scores (P>0.05). The mean defect size and operation duration in TFT (9.4±1.5 cm, 161.9±8.9 minutes) were larger than that in BFT (7.8±1.8 cm, 122.5±11.2 minutes) (P<0.05). The mean docking time, external fixation time, and external fixation index in TFT (65.9±10.8 days, 328.0±57.2 days, 34.8±2.1 days/cm) were all less than those in BFT (96.8±22.6 days, 474.5±103.2 days, 60.8±1.9 days/cm) (P<0.05). Difficulties and complications were more prevalent in the BFT group, while less in the TFT group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Both the trifocal and bifocal bone transport technique in the reconstruction of long segmental tibial bone defects caused by infection using a monolateral rail external fixator achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes. The trifocal bone transport technique can significantly decrease the docking time, external fixation time, external fixation index, difficulties, and complications compared with the bifocal bone transport technique.
Conformational Spread Drives the Evolution of the Calcium-calmodulin Protein Kinase II
Authors: Khan Shahid
Published: May 2021

The calcium calmodulin (Ca2+CAM) dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) decodes Ca2+ frequency oscillations. It has a central role in learning. I matched residue and organismal evolution to collective motions deduced from the atomic structure of the human CaMKIIa holoenzyme. Protein dynamic simulations and bioinformatic analysis showed its stacked ring architecture conformationally couples kinase domains (KDs) via its central hub. The simulations revealed underlying b-sheet collective motions in the hub ab association domain (AD) map onto a coevolved residue network and partition it into two distinct sectors. The holoenzyme evolved in metazoans by stabilization of ancient enzyme dimers and fold elongation to create a second, metastable sector for ring assembly. Continued evolution targeted the ring contacts for lateral conformational spread. The a isoform, predominantly expressed in the brain, emerged last and evolved rapidly in sync with the poikilotherm-homeotherm jump in the evolution of memory. The correlation between CaMKII dynamics and phylogenetics argues single residue evolution fine-tunes hub conformational spread. The central role of CaMKII ringed architecture In the brain could be to increase Ca2+ frequency response range for complex learning functions.
Cardiac Metastasis from Gastric Adenocarcinoma Mimicking COVID-19 Symptoms
Authors: Jahanshahi Fatemeh , Davani Sam Zeraatian Nejad , Parsaei Amirhossein
Published: May 2021

Background

Cardiac metastasis with origin of gastric adenocarcinoma is extremely rare. This type of metastasis tends to involve the pericardium through lymphatic seeding. Currently, no reports of solitary tumor emboli to the heart cavity with possible transvenous pathway of seeding has been made. Due to initial dyspnea and accompanying symptoms, cardiac tumor embli may be mistaken with covid-19 infection.
Case presentation:

A sixty-year-old female with known inoperable diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma receiving chemotherapy from eight months ago, presented to hospital with progressive dyspnea. Other sign and symptoms included chest pain, hypotension, tachycardia and muffled heart sounds. The patients had no fever or other common covid-19 infection symptoms. The RT-PCR for Covid-19 RNA was negative. Initial chest CT-scan showed no sign of infection. A transesophageal echocardiography was performed and revealed a > 6cm vermiform mass free-floating in the right atrium protruding to the tricuspid valve and right ventricle compatible with emboli. By urgent cardiac surgery the mass was removed. The postoperative course was uneventful. The pathology results confirmed a tumor emboli originated from gastric carcinoma. Whole body PET-scan shoed no evidence of other metastasis.
Conclusions

However cardiac metastasis are extremely rare, in gastric cancer cases with cardiopulmonary manifestation should be considered as a probable differential diagnoses. Regarding to ongoing covid-19 pandemic the present case misdiagnosed with coronavirus infection.
Alterations of glutathione and GSTM1 mutations induce tumor metastasis and invasion via EMT pathway in breast cancer patients
Authors: Ali Arshad , Ali Ayaz , Ahmad Shafiq
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Alteration in the Glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) family lead to various disorders including breast cancer. However, the role of GSH and GSTM1 in the onset of breast cancer is still not fully elucidated. Objective: In the present study we observed considerable deficiency in the levels of glutathione and genetic mutation in the GSTM1 enzyme that influence susceptibility to breast cancer metastasis and invasion via EMT pathway. Methods: GSTM1 genotype was identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), RT-PCR and western blotting in breast cancer tissue samples and ANCT samples. The endogenous glutathione levels were determined by HPLC. The tumor metastasis, invasion and EMT biomarkers were determined by RT-PCR and western blot. The relationship between breast cancer, disease progression and histological status were estimated by one way analysis of variance and descriptive statistic. Data were analyzed using OriginPro 2015 statistics software (OriginLab, Northampton, USA). The correlation among different factors was assessed at 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, and ANOVA test. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: In present study genotyping analysis of GST investigated that genetic mutation in GSTM1 was detected in breast cancer tissue samples. Moreover, messenger RNA and protein analysis showed that GSTM1 was significant downregulated in tumor tissues (p=0.005, p=0.02) of breast cancer patients. Furthermore, significant reduction in the level of total glutathione level (GSHt P<0.05) was observed among correlation with patient ages, stages and histological grades, of breast cancer patients. Additionally, the result revealed that downregulation of GSTM1 promotes EMT pathway that leads to enhanced the expression of tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis in breast cancer tissue samples compared with the ANCT samples (P<0.05). Conclusions The present findings suggest that GSTM1 genotype could be a potential biomarker that regulate EMT pathway associated with breast cancer prognosis.
The effectiveness of tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for prevention of HIV acquisition among Sub-Saharan African women at high risk: a systematic review
Authors: Murewanhema Grant , Malisheni Moffat , Takah Noah Fongwen
Published: May 2021

Background Women in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic. In 2019, they constituted 59% of new infections; thus, they remain a key population for control. Public health interventions to prevent acquisition of HIV in this high-risk population are urgently needed. Tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (TFV-PrEP) has been shown to reduce HIV infections in other key populations. However, comprehensive evidence regarding TFV-PrEP effectiveness in women living in SSA has not been determined. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of tenofovir-1% (TFV-1%) vaginal gel, oral tenofovir (TFV) and tenofovir-emtricitabine (TDF-FTC) pre-exposure prophylaxis for primary acquisition of HIV in at-risk women living in SSA.Methods OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Clinical Trials.gov were searched for eligible studies from 01 January 2020 to 31 July 2020. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in women living in SSA were included. Measures of effectiveness (hazard ratios (HR), incidence rate ratios (IRR)) were extracted from individual studies to determine the effectiveness of TFV-PrEP in preventing HIV infection among at-risk women living in SSA.Results From 2002 non-duplicate articles, four RCTs evaluating the effectiveness of one or more of the interventions against placebos were included. TFV-1% vaginal gel, oral TDF or TDF-FTC were not effective in preventing the acquisition of HIV infection in women living in SSA. However, poor adherence by study participants could have confounded the true effectiveness of TFV-PrEP in this high risk population. Meta-analysis was not conducted given the limited number of eligible studies identified from the search.Conclusion The current evidence does not support the effectiveness of TFV-PrEP for HIV in SSA women. More studies aimed at addressing factors driving low adherence to HIV interventions in this high risk population are urgently needed in order to improve the design of future RCTs leading to the determination of more reliable estimates of TFV-1% vaginal gel or oral TDF or TDF-FTC effectiveness.Protocol registration: This systematic review was not registered in PROSPERO.
Atomic-scale structure and non-stoichiometry of meteoritic hibonite: A transmission electron microscope study
Authors: Han Jangmi , Ohnishi Ichiro , Yasuhara Akira , Keller Lindsay P.
Published: May 2021

Hibonite (CaAl12O19) is a common refractory mineral in Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) in primitive meteorites. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies have identified enigmatic planar defects in different occurrences of hibonite in the Allende meteorite that give rise to strong streaking along c* in electron diffraction patterns. Atomic resolution high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses were used to determine the nature and origin of these planar features. HAADF images of hibonite grains reveal lamellar intergrowths of common 1.6 nm spacing, and less commonly 2.0 and 2.5 nm spacings, interspersed in stoichiometric hibonite showing 1.1 nm (002) spacing. Stoichiometric hibonite consists of alternating Ca-containing (“R”) and spinel-structured (“S”) blocks stacked in a sequence RS. In contrast, the 1.6 nm layers result from a doubled S block such that the stacking sequence is RSS, while in the widest defect observed, the stacking sequence is RSSSS. These intergrowths are epitaxial and have coherent, low-strain boundaries with the host hibonite

Meteoritic hibonite shows common Ti and Mg substitution for Al in its structure. Atomic-resolution EDX maps of hibonite grains in the Allende CAI confirm the preferred site occupancy of Mg on tetragonal M3 sites in S blocks and of Ti on trigonal bipyramidal M2 and octahedral M4 sites in R blocks. Mg is highly concentrated, but Ti is absent in the planar defects where wider S blocks show Al-rich compositions compared to stoichiometric MgAl2O4 spinel. Therefore, Mg likely played the major role in the formation and metastability of planar defects in hibonite. Electron energy loss spectroscopy data from the Ti L2,3 edge show the presence of mixed Ti oxidation states with ~15–20% of Ti as Ti3+ in hibonite, suggesting a direct substitution of Ti3+ ↔ Al3+ in hibonite. The remaining ~80–85% of Ti is present as Ti4+ and corresponding EDX analyses are consistent with the well-known coupled substitution 2Al3+ ↔ Ti4+ + Mg2+ being the major mechanism for Ti and Mg substitution in hibonite.

The formation of planar defects in hibonite occurred during high-temperature nebular condensation or melting/crystallization processes. The occurrence of non-stoichiometric hibonite in the Allende CAI deviates from the mineral formation sequence predicted from equilibrium condensation models. Overall, our atomic resolution TEM observations signify non-equilibrium, kinetic-controlled crystal growth during the high-temperature formation of refractory solids in the early solar nebula.
Estrategias de adaptación de los padres en la crianza de niños con Síndrome de Down que acuden al Centro de Educación Básica Especial “Los Pinos” de San Juan de Lurigancho, 2017
Authors: Melendez Cruz Erika Stefani , Quispe Damian Ruth Elisabeth , Arias Romani Nadezhda
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Describir las estrategias de adaptación de los padres en la crianza de niños con Síndrome de Down que acuden al Centro de Educación Básica Especial “Los Pinos” de San Juan de Lurigancho, 2017. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio fue observacional, de nivel descriptivo, de diseño no experimental. La muestra estuvo constituida por 38 padres de familia. Resultados: En relación a la estrategia del área afectiva, el 55.3 % manifestaron que se vincularon con otros padres que tienen hijos con síndrome de Down, mientras que el 18.4% refirieron que buscaron apoyo espiritual, 13.2% padres se informaron sobre el síndrome de Down y con mismo porcentaje de 13.2% corresponde a los padres que buscaron apoyo emocional. En las estrategias de área de la salud, 81.6% de padres afirman que sus hijos actualmente reciben terapias, y el 18.4% que no recibe terapias. Referente a los niños con SD que reciben terapias el 71% opta por la terapia de lenguaje, el 29% por la terapia de lenguaje junto con la psicomotriz. En cuanto a la estrategia del área social, el 76.3% de padres manifestaron que sí tuvieron el apoyo de su familia, y el 23.7% refieren que no tuvieron apoyo familiar. Dentro del grupo de padres que tuvieron apoyo familiar el 44.8% menciono que tuvieron aceptación de su persona y de su hijo, y el 13.8% refieren que los familiares ayudaron a cuidar al niño. Y n la estrategia del área educativa, en el inicio de la vida escolar del niño con SD se evidencia que el 73.7% de los padres optaron que sus hijos inicien su vida escolar en un colegio de educación especial, y en menor porcentaje 26,3% corresponde a los padres que optaron por el colegio de educación regular. Conclusión: Los niños se integran en las actividades ordinarias dentro del entorno social y familiar. Se ha de resaltar la conducta favorable frente a las actividades del entorno. Inicialmente los padres muestran cierto grado de preocupación debido a la dificultad para asimilar la situación respecto al estado de sus hijos.
Autoeficacia académica y las barreras para la búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental en Estudiantes Universitarios de Lima
Authors: Palacios Jimenez Alberto Salvador
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Determinar la relación entre la autoeficacia académica y las barreras para la búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental en estudiantes de una universidad pública de Lima. Materiales y métodos: El presente, es un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, de tipo transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 131 estudiantes de una universidad pública de Lima. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de autoeficacia percibida en situaciones académicas y el Cuestionario de barreras para la búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental. Resultados: En cuanto a la Autoeficacia académica, 40 estudiantes (30,53%) presentaron un nivel alto de autoeficacia, 67 (51,15%) obtuvieron un nivel regular y 24 (18,32%) obtuvieron un bajo nivel. Con respecto a las barreras para la búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental, 67 estudiantes (51,15%) obtuvieron una alta presencia de barreras, 31 (23,66%) obtuvieron una presencia regular de barreras y 33 (25,19%) obtuvieron una presencia baja de barreras. Conclusiones: Existe una relación significativa inversamente proporcional moderada entre la autoeficacia académica y las barreras para la búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental en un grupo de estudiantes de una universidad pública de Lima.
Experiencias de enfermería ante la muerte neonatal: Una mirada fenomenológica
Authors: Cárdenas de Fernández María
Published: May 2021

La muerte es una situación universal que todos los seres humanos vivimos a lo largo de nuestra vida. Es difícil de tratar y más afrontar la pérdida de un neonato. Esta situación muchas veces a la enfermera le hace tener sentimientos de culpa, de haber fallado. Abordar la muerte neonatal es una tarea delicada, lograr que el familiar exprese sus emociones, que drene su tristeza es muy difícil y más cuando está sumergido en su dolor. Dicha experiencia no deja indiferente a las enfermeras, que no saben cómo comportarse, ni cómo acompañar y cuidar a una mujer y a su pareja cuando han sufrido una pérdida. El objetivo es interpretar los significados de la experiencia vivida por los profesionales de enfermería en situaciones de muerte neonatal. Esta investigación tiene un abordaje fenomenológico hermenéutico, su paradigma es cualitativo. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó las etapas de Herbert Spiegelberg. El estudio se realizó en el Hospital Universitario Ángel Larralde de Valencia, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela, en el Servicio de Neonatología. Se contó con tres profesionales de enfermería y dos madres que perdieron a su hijo, se realizó entrevista a profundidad, obteniendo categorías y subcategorías para posterior teorización. Como conclusión se obtiene que el profesional de enfermería necesita ser preparado ante situaciones de muerte y es por ello que cada momento del cuidado es único, y de la forma en que los mismos sean brindados así serán reflejados en el paciente y familia por muy dolorosa que esta sea.
Valoración del estado nutricional de recién nacidos por el método de Metcoff
Authors: García Alberca Marita Isenia
Published: May 2021

Introducción: Si bien los parámetros antropométricos (peso, talla y perímetro cefálico) usados en la evaluación nutricional del recién nacido (RN) pueden ser normales, algunos RN a término (RNT) adecuados para su edad gestacional (AEG) sufren de desnutrición fetal cuando se valoran los compartimientos graso y proteico a través del Método de Metcoff. Objetivo: Se buscó determinar el estado nutricional de los RNT Adecuados para la Edad Gestacional mediante la evaluación clínica empleando el método de Metcoff en el servicio de Neonatología del Hospital de Sullana. Diciembre 2011 - Enero 2012. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y observacional en el Hospital de Sullana. Se evaluó el estado nutricional de una muestra de 93 RNT AEG, vivos, de parto eutócico y único, sin la presencia de factores de riesgo que afecten la salud de la madre, el RN o ambos. La selección de la muestra fue probabilísticade tipo accidental, requiriendo para un nivel de confianza del 95%, 96 RN.Los resultados se muestran en tablas y gráficos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 93 RNT AEG. Predominó el sexo masculino (50.5 %) con respecto al femenino (49.5 %), al igual que en los desnutridos (66.7 %) frente al 47.4 % de los nutridos. El promedio y desviación estándar del peso, talla, perímetro cefálico y perímetro braquial para los considerados como nutridos fue 3282.2 ± 325.3 g, 49.12 ± 1.54 cm, 33.67 ± 1.23 y 10.36 ± 0.67cm, respectivamente, mientras que para los desnutridos fue 2972.7 ± 268.2 g, 48.7 ± 2.01 cm, 33.03 ± 1.34 cm y 9.71 ± 0.68, respectivamente. Conclusión: El método de Metcoff mostró desnutrición clínica en 15 RNT AEG, lo que representa una incidencia del 16.1%.
CALIDAD DE VIDA Y ADHERENCIA TERAPEÚTICA EN PACIENTES CON GLAUCOMA DE UN HOSPITAL DEL CALLAO
Authors: Elescano Salazar Andy Rubén
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre calidad de vida y adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con glaucoma de un Hospital del Callao. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, correlacional y transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 260 pacientes con diagnóstico de glaucoma que se atendían en el Hospital Público del Callao durante el año 2019. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento de recolección de datos fue el cuestionario de Glaucoma Quality of Life (GQL -15) que evaluó la calidad de vida, y el Test de Morisky – Green para la medición de adherencia terapéutica. Resultados: La calidad de vida predominante fue el nivel severo con 53,8% (n=140), en relación a sus dimensiones el que presento un nivel más severo fue la movilización a exteriores con 74,2% (n=193), seguido la de visión central y cercana con 66,2% (n=172), adaptación a la oscuridad y deslumbramiento con 58,5% (n=152) y la visión periférica con 55,4% (n=144). En la adherencia terapéutica predomino el adherente con 55,4% (n=144), seguido del no adherente con 44,6% (n=116). En el análisis inferencial de ambas variables, se encontró un valor de Chi-cuadrado X2 88,9215 y un valor p<0,00001, por lo tanto, existe relación significativa. Conclusiones: Existe relación significativa entre ambas variables. En cuanto la calidad de vida predomino el nivel severo y en la adherencia terapéutica predomino el adherente.
IMPACTO PSICOLÓGICO DE LA PANDEMIA DEL COVID-19, EN GESTANTES DE UN ESTABLECIMIENTO DE SALUD NIVEL III-2, LIMA-2020
Authors: Nunton Marchand1 Jennifer , Alvarado Ríos Vanessa , Pérez Llanos Arcenio
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: En este estudio se busca determinar la depresión perinatal en gestantes que acuden a un Establecimiento de Salud nivel III-2, en Lima, durante la pandemia COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño descriptivo y de corte transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 237 mujeres gestantes de un establecimiento de salud nivel III-2. La técnica que se utilizo fue la encuesta y el instrumento de recolección de datos fue la Escala de Depresión Perinatal Edimburgo (EPDS), que mide la sintomatología depresiva durante la gestación y en el posparto, el cual está compuesto por 10 ítems y 2 dimensiones. Resultados: En cuanto a las mujeres gestantes, la edad mínima fue 15 años y máxima 43 años, siendo la edad media 27,76 años. En relación a la depresión perinatal, predomino probable depresión con 77,2% (n= 183), seguido del riesgo limite en un 11,8% (n=28) y sin riesgo con 11% (n=26). En cuanto a sus dimensiones, en los sentimientos depresivos predomino probable depresión con 62% (n= 147), seguido del riesgo limite en un 19% (n=45) y sin riesgo con 19% (n=45); en ansiedad cognoscitiva predomino probable depresión con 81,4% (n= 193), seguido de sin riesgo en un 11,4% (n=27) y riesgo límite con 7,2% (n=17). Conclusiones: En cuanto a la depresión en gestantes durante la pandemia COVID-19, predomino la probable depresión, seguido del riesgo límite y sin riesgo. En las dimensiones, en sentimientos depresivos predominó los que tienen probable depresión y en ansiedad cognoscitiva predominó los que tienen probable ansiedad.
ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE RIESGO DISERGONÓMICO Y LESIONES MÚSCULO ESQUELÉTICAS EN PERSONAL DE SALUD DE SALA DE OPERACIONES
Authors: Ramírez Miranda Edna , Batagelj Naveda Marino , Fuentes Ramírez Blanca Rosario
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Identificar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo disergonómico y las lesiones músculo esqueléticas (LME) personal de salud, sala de operaciones del “Hospital Guillermo Kaelin De la Fuente Essalud” – Villa María del Triunfo, Lima en el año 2017. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, tipo descriptivo correlacional y corte transversal. Se encuestó a 43 profesionales de la salud y técnicos. Tipo de muestreo no probabilístico intensional. Se empleó el cuestionario Nórdico Estandarizado y una lista de chequeo basada en el Método REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment). La asociación se determinó mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher con un nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: La mayoría de los trabajadores tenían entre 20 a 30 años y fueron de sexo femenino. La frecuencia de las LME en el área lumbar (32,6%), cuello (25,6%), hombro (18,6%), muñeca mano (16,3%), codo antebrazo (4,6%) y dorsal (2,3%). Las posturas forzadas, los movimientos repetitivos y el esfuerzo de manos y pies no se asociaron a las LME (p> 0,05). La acción de levantar peso de 25 kg por más de 12 veces/hora (p = 0,019) o menos de 3 kg más de 4 veces/minuto (p = 0,006) se asocian con LME. Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre los factores de riesgo disergonómicos de manipulación de carga y las LME en trabajadores de sala de operaciones. Los hospitales deben implementar programas de prevención de LME que promuevan adecuadas prácticas de manipulación de objetos pesados.
Multi-Target-Directed Ligands as an Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Vinod , Kumar Bhupinder , Thakur Amandeep , Dwivedi Ashish Ranjan
Published: May 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder and multiple pathological factors are believed to be involved in the genesis and progression of the dis-ease. A number of hypothesis including Acetylcholinesterase, Monoamine oxidase, β-Amyloid, Tau protein etc. have been proposed for the initiation and progression of the disease. At present, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine (NMDAR antago-nist) are the only approved therapy for the symptomatic management of AD. Most of these single-target drugs have miserably failed in the treatment or halting the progression of the disease. Multi-factorial diseases like AD require complex treatment strategies that involve simultaneous modulation of a network of interacting targets. Since last few years, Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDLs) strategy, drugs that can simultaneously hit mul-tiple targets, is being explored as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. In the current review article, the authors have briefly described various pathogenic pathways associated with the AD. Importance of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands and their design strategies in recently reported articles have been discussed in detail. Potent leads identified through various structure-activity relationship studies and their drug like char-acteristics are described. Recently developed promising compounds have been summa-rized in the article. Some of these MTDLs with balanced activity profile against different targets have the potential to be developed as drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
Recent Progress in Arylation Reactions with Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Wang Dan , Li Qian , Li Mengting , Du Zhengyin , Fu Ying
Published: May 2021

In recent years, diaryliodonium salts have been extensively exploited as green,
efficient electrophilic arylation reagents in a large range of organic synthesis. These arylating
reagents exhibit relatively high reactivity and good selectivity in many transformations. In
this review, the synthetic methods towards diaryliodonium salts are described briefly, and the
research progress in arylation reactions by using diaryliodoniums in C-C and carbonheteroatom
bond formation, especially in enantioselective C-C bond formation and cascade
reactions, in recent ten years is summarized and discussed in detail.