bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RADIOATIVIDADE NO ENSINO MÉDIO: ANÁLISE DE LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE QUÍMICA NO PNLD 2015
Authors: Sousa Windson Timoteo de , Sales Luciano Leal De Morais
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho busca avaliar o conteúdo de Radioatividade nos livros didáticos escolhidos pelo PNLD 2015 utilizados nas escolas públicas de acordo com os critérios estipulados pelos Programas Curriculares Nacionais (PCN’s). A pesquisa da bibliografia foi obtida através de uma detalhada busca na literatura especifica visando qualificar a descrição dos critérios necessários para que o livro cumpra todas as exigências para uma boa compreensão dos conceitos trabalhados em sala de aula sendo estes: imagens presentes no livro didático; linguagem e rigor científico; evolução histórica do conteúdo; contextualização do conteúdo; abordagem metodológica do conteúdo; relacionamento do conteúdo com o desenvolvimento tecnológico; aspectos inerentes aos exercícios e problemas que são disponibilizados. Após a análise dos resultados foi constatado que há uma grande inadequação desses livros em relação ao que se espera de um livro didático, mostrando que apenas duas das obras selecionadas pelo PNLD 2015 possuem certo grau de satisfação para trabalhar o tema Radioatividade estando em concordância com os padrões de qualidade de ensino estabelecidos pelo MEC, enquanto outra obra apresenta-se como totalmente ineficaz para o estudo do tema abordado, o que se demonstra como um erro o fato da escolha de uma obra como esta para compor o Programa Nacional do Livro Didático. Vale ressaltar que o livro ainda é a tecnologia mais utilizada em sala de aula, sendo assim, torna-se um elemento ímpar de pesquisa para campo de estudo dos alunos da área e instrumento de apoio ao trabalho do professor, portanto suas imperfeições comprometem diretamente no processo ensino e aprendizagem.

 

Palavras-chave: Análise. Radioatividade. PNLD. 
“DESCOBRINDO OS ELEMENTOS QUÍMICOS”: JOGO LÚDICO PROPORCIONANDO UMA APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA SOBRE A TABELA PERÍODICA
Authors: Silva Egle Katarinne Souza da , Lima João Paulo Ferreira , Ferreira Maricélia Lucena
Published: April 2017

Com a participação de 33 discentes do primeiro período do curso de licenciatura em Química da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, localizada no município de Cajazeiras do Estado da Paraíba, desenvolveu-se a presente pesquisa na perspectiva de identificar as percepções, bem como o embasamento teórico que estes estudantes trazem do ensino médio em relação à Tabela Periódica dos Elementos Químicos.  Com a finalidade de verificar o conhecimento de cada aluno referente à proposta de estudo aplicada neste trabalho, inicialmente aplicou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada e posteriormente, como forma dinâmica e com o objetivo de construir uma aprendizagem significativa sobre a temática abordada, aplicou-se o jogo lúdico intitulado: Descobrindo os Elementos Químicos. Após o término do jogo, os alunos envolvidos foram questionados sobre a relevância do lúdico no ensino de química. Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, bibliográfica, quantitativa e qualitativa. Após aferir os resultados percebeu-se que a maioria dos discentes teve dificuldade ou não souberam responder ao questionário que antecedeu a atividade lúdica, apresentando imprecisões sobre conceitos simples que deveriam ser trabalhados de forma efetiva durante o ensino médio, visto que a Tabela Periódica dos Elementos Químicos é a principal base no ensino de Química. Em contra partida, todos os alunos os quais participaram do jogo, afirmaram que não sabiam de todos os conceitos abordados na atividade, bem como reconheceram a importância do lúdico no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da disciplina Química. Diante dos resultados alcançados, pode-se assim constatar a eficácia do jogo aplicado e a relevância de introduzir o lúdico no ensino superior de Química já no início do curso, visando despertar nos ingressantes uma motivação a construírem o próprio conhecimento de forma prazerosa.

Palavras chave: Aprendizagem Significativa, Tabela Periódica, Jogo Lúdico.
GÊNERO E POLÍTICA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE IDENTIDADES EM LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA
Authors: Silva Maria Aline Alves da
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo acerca das desigualdades de gêneros, identidades e política de ensino em livros didáticos de língua inglesa. Tendo como objetivo fazer uma análise crítica, a partir das ilustrações presente neste recurso didático, propondo uma reflexão acerca das desigualdades de gêneros existente na imagem da mulher e do homem nos dias atuais, em que a mulher continua sendo apresentada de maneira monótona e estereotipada, mesmo tendo conquistado cada vez mais o seu espaço. A justificativa desta pesquisa é mostrar que o livro didático continua com uma visão antiga, mesmo sendo notório que hoje a mulher representa muito mais que a dona de um lar (cuidar da casa e da família), hoje em dia ela se tornou independente, ganhando respeito e atividades profissionais em várias áreas. Bem como mostrar a visão unificada que o livro apresenta sobre a família, seus direitos e deveres como modelo único de família numa sociedade, excluindo qualquer ideia de formação de família entre pessoas do mesmo sexo. Estes aspectos presentes no livro didático, o qual é um instrumento de educação podem provocar no estudante um senso crítico preconceituoso e estereotipado, é necessário que educadores criem projetos para mudar essa realidade e desenvolver ideias colaborativas para uma sociedade melhor, com menos preconceito, menos desigualdades. Uma sociedade onde seres humanos sejam mais respeitados, independentemente do gênero, sexo, cor ou raça, e que possam ser livres para fazerem suas escolhas sem precisar se preocupar com cobranças impostas por uma sociedade monótona, de visão fechada, fechada para seus próprios interesses.

 

Palavras-chave: Livro-didático, Desigualdade, Gênero.
INICIAÇÃO DIGITAL NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: APRENDENDO O ALFABETO COM O USO DO COMPUTADOR
Authors: Cole Kézia , Souza Maria Aparecida Silva de
Published: April 2017

Este trabalho teve por objetivo mostrar de que maneira ocorre a iniciação digital na Educação Infantil, e como o computador pode contribuir com o ensino do Alfabeto no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da criança na primeira etapa da Educação Básica. Para isso, mostraremos como é feita a iniciação digital na Educação Infantil, durante as aulas de informática e os principais interesses da criança nessas aulas avaliando a contribuição do computador enquanto objeto de aprendizagem para o ensino do Alfabeto. Para a realização da pesquisa proposta neste projeto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica de autores pesquisadores dessa área, revisão de literatura e observação participativa de aulas de informática de uma turma da Educação Infantil. Foi possível constatar que a aprendizagem ocorreu de fato, o ambiente e o computador foram motivadores para a criança realizar as atividades propostas e mostrar resultados.

 

Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem; uso do computador; Criança; Alfabeto. 
MATEMÁTICA E SAÚDE: ESTRATÉGIAS DE INTERVENÇÕES DIDÁTICO- PEDAGÓGICAS, NUMA PERSPECTIVA DE CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO COM O CONTEÙDO DE POLINÔMIOS
Authors: Almeida Gislânia Pereira , Silva Rosinângela Cavalcanti da
Published: April 2017

Este artigo origina-se de um projeto desenvolvido numa Escola de Ensino Fundamental, localizada na cidade de Cajazeiras-PB, o mesmo foi executado em uma turma do 8° ano, durante o Estágio Supervisionado, do curso de Licenciatura em Matemática, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Objetivando desenvolver conhecimentos matemáticos de forma significativa e contextualizada, utilizando-se de temas relacionados à saúde, com o intuito de despertar nos discentes os aspectos críticos e reflexivos com relação à saúde social, o mesmo foi estruturado em oficinas relacionadas ao tema  principal: Polinômios  e saúde, a partir do qual elaborou-se as situações didáticas variadas, fazendo-se uso de recursos audiovisuais, situações problemas contextualizadas com o tema saúde, sendo estas baseadas em Araribá e Bianchini,  curiosidades, além de textos informativos diversificados, contribuindo assim, para que houvesse interesse, o que consequentemente favoreceu o elo entre escola e sociedade. A partir de uma problemática social, buscou-se fazer da escola um meio de transformação, como é proposto pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, Piaget e Vygotsky, fazendo uso de transposições didáticas que permitissem a toca de informações e diálogo, para reflexão e analise por parte dos discentes. Assim como citam em suas publicações Fainguelernt, Gottlied, Smole, Diniz, Micotti, Freire e D’ Ambrosio. Este trabalho foi mais uma semente contribuinte para aprendizagem e ensino de matemática numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, visto que, alunos sentiram-se encadeados aos temas do cotidiano e ao mesmo tempo em que aprendiam matemática. Apesar de conhecer-se sobre as formas de contribuir para aprendizagem significativa através da contextualização, ainda pouco é feito na prática, muitas vezes pela dificuldade de realizar transposições e situações didáticas nessa perspectiva. Sabe-se que não é fácil contextualizar, assim pretende-se também com este trabalho contribuir com ideias de contextualização, mostrando que o professor deve planejar e a perspectiva de projeto é uma maneira de fazer isso. 

 

Palavras- Chave: Estágio, Contextualização, Matemática. 
O que vem a ser o indivíduo Egolatra?
Authors: Japiassu Hilton
Published: April 2017

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Governance and Technologies of Surveillance
Authors: Sarikakis Katharine , Ganter Sarah Anne
Published: April 2017

Although new technologies can serve as tools for creating an environment of equal opportunities and empowerment, they also reflect and reinforce an offline gendered social order. The paper examines the emergence of new cultures of control based on technological designs that support infringements of privacy and new practices of surveillance and argues that technologies left unchecked constitute tools for new forms of surveillance and control of women´s lives. These under-researched issues are mapped and international policy initiatives are discussed against this matrix. It discusses whether and in which ways policies adequately recognise gender based practices and impacts of these developments by interrogating the nexus of gender, privacy and surveillance in the digital age.
On-Air and Online: Social Media and Local Radio Production in the UK
Authors: Zoellner Anna , Lax Stephen
Published: April 2017

Digitalisation and the emergence of online media in particular have led to intense debates about its effects on what is now often called “traditional media” including broadcast media such as radio. Our paper investigates how radio stations’ expansion into online space has transformed radio production. Focusing on the relationship between station and listeners, it discusses the social media practices of radio producers and explores whether these new digital tools contribute to a shift towards a more participatory production culture. The paper draws on data from a multi-method case study investigation of local British radio stations that combined programme analysis, expert interviews and web analysis. The study highlighted a shared belief among producers in the importance and value of social media for achieving audience loyalty and engagement. Nevertheless –not least due to a lack of additional resources –their use of social media is mainly an extension of traditional journalistic and promotional tech niques. Its potential for listener involvement in the production process is not met and exchanges with the audiences remain in the digital realm without impact on the on-air listener experience.
Representations of Language Education in Canadian Newspapers
Authors: Vessey Rachelle
Published: April 2017

This article examines the salience and content of representations of language education in a corpus of English- and French-Canadian newspapers. Findings suggest that English-Canadian newspapers foreground official-language education issues, in which public schools are represented as the primary means by which Canadians can gain equal access to social resources. In contrast, French-Canadian newspapers do not foreground language education issues; in the few cases where these are discussed, the focus tends to be specifically on immigrant acquisition of French. Since representations of these issues reflect beliefs and attitudes toward languages, the paper concludes that they also reveal the successes and failures of discourses concomitant with Canada’s language policy.
Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Sadat SM Anwar , Chowdhury Naim Mahmud , Baten Redwan Bin Abdul
Published: April 2017

Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is characterized by chronic oro-facial pain in the absence of specific oral lesions & clinically apparent mucosal alterations. It is more commonly observed in middle aged patients & postmenopausal women. It often affects tongue, cheek, lip, hard & soft palate. Usually symptoms are better observed in morning, worsen during the day and typically subside at night. The condition is multifactorial origin, often idiopathic and its etiopathogenesis remain largely enigmatic. Associated medical conditions may include neurologic and metabolic disorder, gastrointestinal, urogenital as well as drug reactions. BMS are of two types, primary & secondary. Primary BMS is essential or idiopathic where secondary BMS is caused by local, systemic and/or psychological factors. Clinical diagnosis depends on the careful history taking, physical examinations and laboratory findings. Vitamin, Zinc or Hormone replacement therapy has been found to be effective with deficiency of the corresponding factors. The drug therapy with alpha-lipoic acid, capsaicin, clonazepam, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants may be effective in symptomatic treatment of BMS. But the treatment is still unsatisfactory and there is no definitive cure.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(3): 151-159
Partial Hydatidiform Mole with Alive Term IUGR Foetus
Authors: Ara Rowshan , Begum Jahanara , Kasem Setara Binte , Hoque Shadiqul , Nargis Shamim Fatema
Published: April 2017

Gestational Trophoblastic diseases consist of a broadspectrum of conditions ranging from an uncomplicated partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy to stage -IV choriocarcinoma with cerebral metastasis. Incidence of hydatidiform mole with a co-existing live fetus varies between 0.005 to 0.01 % of all pregnancies. We report a case of partial molar pregnancy with alive term IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation) foetus. Diagnosis was made by sonographic findings of molar changes at her 28 weeks of gestation. Anomaly scan showed no fetal abnormality. At 40 weeks of pregnancy patient went to spontaneous labour and delivered a severely IUGR baby weighing 1.5 kg and it was morphologically normal. There was a single placenta; one third of it was replaced by molar tissue. As the singletone alive pregnancy with partial molar changes is extremely rare occurrence we reported the case here.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(3): 164-167
AIDS with Disseminated Tuberculosis
Authors: Sanyal Mousumi , Cader F Aaysha , Amin Muhammed Al , Das Aparna , Kahhar M Azizul
Published: April 2017

Tuberculosis (TB) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) have been closely linked since the emergence of the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS). Worldwide, TB is the most common opportunistic infection affecting HIV-seropositive individuals,and it remains the most common cause of death in patients with AIDS. By producing a progressive decline in cell-mediated immunity, HIV alters the pathogenesis of TB, greatly increasing the risk of disease from TB in HIV-coinfected individuals, and leading to more frequent extrapulmonary involvement, atypical radiographic manifestations, and paucibacillary disease, which can impede timely diagnosis. Although HIV-related TB is both treatable and preventable, incidence continues to climb in developing nations, wherein HIV infection and TB are endemic and resources are limited. We report the case of a 45 year old gentleman who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, whose lymphnode biopsy was consistent with TB; however following poor response to anti-TB treatment, he was found to be serologically positive for HIV.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2016; 34(3): 168-171
The Intensive Expression of the Virtual: Revisiting the Relation of Expression inDifference and Repetition
Authors: Bowden Sean
Published: April 2017

In Difference and Repetition, Deleuze claims that it is in virtue of a relation of expression which holds between intensive processes of individuation and virtual Ideas that the former determines the latter to be actualised in concrete entities. He is, however, less than forthcoming in this book about exactly how we should understand the relation of expression. This article addresses itself to this lacuna. It clarifies five characteristic features of the expressive relation, partly by drawing on Deleuze's discussion of the relation of expression in Expressionism in Philosophy, party by examining familiar examples of expressive relations. It then maps these characteristic features of expression onto Deleuze's discussion of the relation between Ideas and intensity in Difference and Repetition, showing that virtual Ideas are ontologically inseparable from the intensive processes that both constitute and actualise them in the production of actual entities. By way of conclusion, this expressive account of the relation between the virtual, the actual and the intensive will be compared and contrasted with several leading accounts to be found in the secondary literature.
Formation of Boundary Film from Ionic Liquids Enhanced by Additives
Authors: Nyberg Erik , Mouzon Johanne , Grahn Mattias , Minami Ichiro
Published: April 2017

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have several properties that make them interesting candidates as base fluids for extreme conditions. However, a lack of compatibility with tribo-improving additives combined with an often overly aggressive nature is limiting their use as base fluids. To overcome these drawbacks, hydrocarbon-imitating RTIL base fluids have recently been developed. In this study, the effects of several common additives in the novel RTIL (P-SiSO) were examined by laboratory tribotesting. A reciprocating steel-steel ball-on-flat setup in an air atmosphere was used, where the lubricant performance was evaluated over a range of loads and temperatures. Surface analyses after testing were carried out using optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Neat P-SiSO displayed high performance in the tribotests. At an elevated load and temperature, a shift in lubrication mode was observed with an accompanying increase in friction and wear. Surface analysis revealed a boundary film rich in Si and O in the primary lubrication mode, while P was detected after a shift to the secondary lubrication mode. An amine additive was effective in reducing wear and friction under harsh conditions. The amine was determined to increase formation of the protective Si–O film, presumably by enhancing the anion activity.
Ion-Exchange of Cu2+ Promoted Layered Perovskite K2La2Ti3O10 for Photocatalytic Degradation Chlorobenzene under Simulated Solar Light Irradiation
Authors: Pang Dandan , Gao Jie , Ouyang Feng , Zhu Rongshu , Xie Charlene
Published: April 2017

The layered perovskite, K2La2Ti3O10 was prepared by sol-gel method. Ion-exchange of Cu2+ was prepared to improve the photocatalytic activity of K2La2Ti3O10 for chlorobenzene degradation under simulated solar light irradiation. The original K2La2Ti3O10 and Cu2+/K2La2Ti3O10 were characterized by power X-ray diffraction, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and specific surface area measurement. The XRD analysis shows that Cu2+ ions is incorporated in place of K+ ions and the grain growth is inhibited by ion-exchange. With the rise of calcination temperature, more interlayer Cu2+ was converted into new crystal phase CuO. The degradation ratio reaches 51.1% on Cu2+/K2La2Ti3O10 calcined at 500 °C in air, which is higher 16.9% than the original K2La2Ti3O10. It should be ascribed to the narrow interlayer distance, the formation of CuO, smaller grain size, and the high visible light absorption on the surface of Cu2+/K2La2Ti3O10 calcined at 500 °C. It is found that the exposure of CO2 could promote the photocatalytic activity of Cu2+/K2La2Ti3O10. It also suggests that CO2 is involved in the reduction to form benzaldehyde during decomposition of chlorobenzene.
Modeling Variation in Crown Profile with Tree Status and Cardinal Directions for Planted Larix olgensis Henry Trees in Northeast China
Authors: Gao Huilin , Dong Lihu , Li Fengri
Published: April 2017

Crown profile models were developed for north, east, south, and west crown directions of dominant trees, intermediate trees, and suppressed trees in planted stands of Larix olgensis Henry in Northeast China. A total of 139 sample trees were randomly selected, and all branches of each tree were measured. A segmented power equation, segmented polynomial equation, modified Weibull equation, and Kozak equation were selected as the candidate models. A traditional approach that did not consider the differences between tree status and crown directions was also developed. Three steps were conducted to analyze the effect of tree status (dominant, intermediate, and suppressed tree) and crown direction (north, east, south, and west) on the crown profiles using a dummy variable approach. Step 1 considered only tree status, Step 2 considered only crown direction, and Step 3 took both tree status and crown direction into account. Nonlinear mixed-effects model was used to express the effect of individual tree level on crown shape, and was also compared to the ordinary least-squares and generalized least-squares model. The results demonstrated that the modified Kozak equation showed good performance in the crown profile description. The nonlinear mixed-effects model significantly improved the model performance compared to the ordinary least-squares and generalized least-squares model. There were differences among the crown profiles among the four directions of dominant, intermediate, and suppressed trees. South-oriented crowns had the tendency to be the largest, which is likely to be mainly a result of light conditions. The competition status of the subject tree was the main reason leading to an asymmetric crown. Individual trees with strong competition levels had smaller crowns.
Production and Quality Analysis of Wine from Honey and Coconut Milk Blend Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Balogu Tochukwu , Towobola Oyinloye
Published: April 2017

Honey is a high-sugar jelly-like substance produced by bees from flower nectar, and coconut milk is the creamy (rich in fat and minerals) extract of coconut meat (endosperm). Studies on honey-fruit wines are scant, and mostly documented in unpublished or personal blogs. This study produced honey–coconut wine using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Honey slurry (HS, a 100% diluted honey) was mixed with undiluted coconut milk (CM) at varying ratios to obtain six wine (W) versions (HS:CM) designated as WA (1:1), WB (1:2), WC (2:1), WD (3:1), WE (1:3), and control was coded as CTRL (1:0). Each version (1800 mL) was inoculated with 200 mL (~6.0 log10 cfu/mL) of S. cerevisiae, fermented (25 ± 2 °C) for 60 days, degassed and agitated every 2 days, pasteurized to stop fermentation, and clarified by siphoning the supernatant. Irrespective of the wine version, the optimum range of microbial growth and duration for HS-CM wines were 8.1–8.2 log10 cfu/mL and 25–30 days respectively. Most enological (pH, total acidity, and free SO2) and physicochemical (temperature and fermentation velocity) parameters were relatively stable across all wine versions. However, fermentative capacity and degree, and alcoholic and caloric contents were proportional to the quantity of HS. Sensory rating of wines by 50 assessors were in the decreasing order of CTRL > WC > WD > WA > WE > WB. Conclusively, honey–coconut wines are acidic wines and could be dry or semi-sweet wines, low to high alcoholic wines, or very low to moderate caloric wines, depending on the quantity of honey added. This study observed a correlation of more than 95% precision between wine compositions (HS:CM) and wine qualities (alcoholic and caloric contents). Thus, models of enological parameters would enhance HS-CM winemaking process.
Hydrogen Sorption in Erbium Borohydride Composite Mixtures with LiBH4 and/or LiH
Authors: Heere Michael , GharibDoust Seyed , Brighi Matteo , Frommen Christoph , Sørby Magnus , Černý Radovan , Jensen Torben , Hauback Bjørn
Published: April 2017

Rare earth (RE) metal borohydrides have recently been receiving attention as possible hydrogen storage materials and solid-state Li-ion conductors. In this paper, the decomposition and reabsorption of Er(BH4)3 in composite mixtures with LiBH4 and/or LiH were investigated. The composite of 3LiBH4 + Er(BH4)3 + 3LiH has a theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of 9 wt %, nevertheless, only 6 wt % hydrogen are accessible due to the formation of thermally stable LiH. Hydrogen sorption measurements in a Sieverts-type apparatus revealed that during three desorption-absorption cycles of 3LiBH4 + Er(BH4)3 + 3LiH, the composite desorbed 4.2, 3.7 and 3.5 wt % H for the first, second and third cycle, respectively, and thus showed good rehydrogenation behavior. In situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) after ball milling of Er(BH4)3 + 6LiH resulted in the formation of LiBH4, revealing that metathesis reactions occurred during milling in these systems. Impedance spectroscopy of absorbed Er(BH4)3 + 6LiH showed an exceptional high hysteresis of 40–60 K for the transition between the high and low temperature phases of LiBH4, indicating that the high temperature phase of LiBH4 is stabilized in the composite.
Tangent-Based Binary Image Abstraction
Authors: Wu Yi-Ta , Yeh Jeng-Sheng , Wu Fu-Che , Chuang Yung-Yu
Published: April 2017

We present a tangent flow-based image abstraction framework that turns a color or grayscale image into a two-tone image, which contains only black and white color, but retains sufficient information such that the viewer can still recognize the main content of the original image by observing the output of a two-tone image. Usually, the relevant visual information is presented by the edge. Thus, the algorithm will enhance the edge content first by the tangent flow to preserve its detail. We use filters to smooth the input image to reduce the contrast in low contrast regions and enhance some important features. Then we turn the image into a two-tone image as output. We can reduce the size of the image significantly but retain sufficient information to capture the main point of the image through our method. At the end of our process, we provide a smoothing step to smooth the two-tone image. Through this step, we can get an artistic black-and-white image.
Investigation of Parent Austenite Grains from Martensite Structure Using EBSD in a Wear Resistant Steel
Authors: Gyhlesten Back Jessica , Engberg Göran
Published: April 2017

Crystallographic reconstruction of parent austenite grain boundaries from the martensitic microstructure in a wear resistant steel was carried out using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The present study mainly aims to investigate the parent austenite grains from the martensitic structure in an as-rolled (reference) steel sample and samples obtained by quenching at different cooling rates with corresponding dilatometry. Subsequently, this study is to correlate the nearest cooling rate by the dilatometer which yields a similar orientation relationship and substructure as the reference sample. The Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship was used to reconstruct the parent austenite grain boundaries from the martensite boundaries in both reference and dilatometric samples using EBSD crystallographic data. The parent austenite grain boundaries were successfully evaluated from the EBSD data and the corresponding grain sizes were measured. The parent austenite grain boundaries of the reference sample match the sample quenched at 100 °C/s (CR100). Also the martensite substructures and crystallographic textures are similar in these two samples. The results from hardness measurements show that the reference sample exhibits higher hardness than the CR100 sample due to the presence of carbides in the reference sample.
Discrete Element Method Investigation of Bulk Density and Electrical Resistivity of Calcined Coke Mixes
Authors: Majidi Behzad , Rouget Geoffroy , Fafard Mario , Ziegler Donald , Alamdari Houshang
Published: April 2017

Packing density and electrical resistivity of particles assemblies are important factors for a variety of applications of granular materials. In the present work, a three-dimensional imaging technique is coupled with the discrete element method (DEM) to model anode grade calcined coke particles. Three-dimensional DEM models of samples with different size distribution of particles were studied to obtain the inter-particle contact information. As the content of fine particles increased, a higher inter-particle contact density and smaller average contact radius was observed in the samples. Confronting the DEM data and experimental measurements of electrical resistivity showed the simultaneous effects of packing density and contact density. Samples with higher contact density and smaller contact radius in general held high electrical resistivities. However, if increasing the contact density does not modify contacts between large particles, this will have a positive effect on packing density, so a lower electrical resistivity was obtained.
Modular, Discrete Micromixer Elements Fabricated by 3D Printing
Authors: Bhargava Krisna , Ermagan Roya , Thompson Bryant , Friedman Andrew , Malmstadt Noah
Published: April 2017

3D printing facilitates the straightforward construction of microchannels with complex three-dimensional architectures. Here, we demonstrate 3D-printed modular mixing components that operate on the basis of splitting and recombining fluid streams to decrease interstream diffusion length. These are compared to helical mixers that operate on the principle of chaotic advection.
Ambient Temperature Flotation of Sedimentary Phosphate Ore Using Cottonseed Oil as a Collector
Authors: Ruan Yaoyang , Zhang Zeqiang , Luo Huihua , Xiao Chunqiao , Zhou Fang , Chi Ruan
Published: April 2017

The mid-low grade sedimentary phosphate ore, abundant in silicate and carbonate gangue minerals, exhibits a poor processability. It is conventionally enriched using high temperature flotation to remove silicate gangues with fatty acid as a collector. Cottonseed oil has been proved to be an efficient collector for achieving ambient temperature flotation of the sedimentary phosphate ore used in this study. Flotation kinetics was investigated to ascertain the excellent collecting performance of cottonseed oil, as compared with oleic acid, and the phosphate flotation fitted well with the first-order flotation model. Based on the analysis of flotation reagent effect on the direct flotation process using the response surface methodology (RSM), a closed circuit of direct-reverse flotation for stepwise removing silicate and carbonate gangues from the sedimentary phosphate ore was established. Consequently, a required high quality of phosphate concentrate containing 30.16% P2O5 was obtained, with a recovery of 90.90%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of the flotation products confirmed that the majority of silicate and carbonate gangues were effectively removed from the concentrate products.
Synthesis of Gibberellic Acid Derivatives and Their Effects on Plant Growth
Authors: Tian Hao , Xu Yiren , Liu Shaojin , Jin Dingsha , Zhang Jianjun , Duan Liusheng , Tan Weiming
Published: April 2017

A series of novel C-3-OH substituted gibberellin derivatives bearing an amide group were designed and synthesized from the natural product gibberellic acid (GA3). Their activities on the plant growth regulation of rice and Arabidopsis were evaluated in vivo. Among these compounds, 10d and 10f exhibited appreciable inhibitory activities on rice (48.6% at 100 μmol/L) and Arabidopsis (41.4% at 100 μmol/L), respectively. These results provide new insights into the design and synthesis of potential plant growth regulators.
The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Subjective Anxiety and Stress—A Systematic Review
Authors: Boyle Neil , Lawton Clare , Dye Louise
Published: April 2017

Background: Anxiety related conditions are the most common affective disorders present in the general population with a lifetime prevalence of over 15%. Magnesium (Mg) status is associated with subjective anxiety, leading to the proposition that Mg supplementation may attenuate anxiety symptoms. This systematic review examines the available evidence for the efficacy of Mg supplementation in the alleviation of subjective measures of anxiety and stress. Methods: A systematic search of interventions with Mg alone or in combination (up to 5 additional ingredients) was performed in May 2016. Ovid Medline, PsychInfo, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane databases were searched using equivalent search terms. A grey literature review of relevant sources was also undertaken. Results: 18 studies were included in the review. All reviewed studies recruited samples based upon an existing vulnerability to anxiety: mildly anxious, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), postpartum status, and hypertension. Four/eight studies in anxious samples, four/seven studies in PMS samples, and one/two studies in hypertensive samples reported positive effects of Mg on subjective anxiety outcomes. Mg had no effect on postpartum anxiety. No study administered a validated measure of subjective stress as an outcome. Conclusions: Existing evidence is suggestive of a beneficial effect of Mg on subjective anxiety in anxiety vulnerable samples. However, the quality of the existing evidence is poor. Well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to further confirm the efficacy of Mg supplementation.
Introducing Pharmaceutical Care to Primary Care in Iceland—An Action Research Study
Authors: Blondal Anna , Sporrong Sofia , Almarsdottir Anna
Published: April 2017

Even though pharmaceutical care is not a new concept in pharmacy, its introduction and development has proved to be challenging. In Iceland, general practitioners are not familiar with pharmaceutical care and additionally no such service is offered in pharmacies or primary care settings. Introducing pharmaceutical care in primary care in Iceland is making great efforts to follow other countries, which are bringing the pharmacist more into patient care. General practitioners are key stakeholders in this endeavor. The aim of this study was to introduce pharmacist-led pharmaceutical care into primary care clinics in Iceland in collaboration with general practitioners by presenting different setting structures. Action research provided the framework for this research. Data was collected from pharmaceutical care interventions, whereby the pharmaceutical care practitioner ensures that each of a patient’s medications is assessed to determine if it is appropriate, effective, safe, and that the patient can take medicine as expected. Sources of data included pharmaceutical care notes on patients, researcher’s notes, meetings, and interviews with general practitioners over the period of the study. The study ran from September 2013 to October 2015. Three separate semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with five general practitioners from one primary health care clinic in Iceland at different time points throughout the study. Pharmaceutical care was provided to elderly patients (n = 125) before and between general practitioners’ interviews. The study setting was a primary care clinic in the Reykjavik area and the patients’ homes. Results showed that the GPs’ knowledge about pharmacist competencies as healthcare providers and their potential in patient care increased. GPs would now like to have access to a pharmacist on a daily basis. Direct contact between the pharmacist and GPs is better when working in the same physical space. Pharmacist’s access to medical records is necessary for optimal service. Pharmacist-led clinical service was deemed most needed in dose dispensing polypharmacy patients. This research indicated that it was essential to introduce Icelandic GPs to the potential contribution of pharmacists in patient care and that action research was a useful methodology to promote and develop a relationship between those two health care providers in primary care in Iceland.
Chemo-Electrical Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hybrids
Authors: Park Seon , Park Chul , Yoon Hyeonseok
Published: April 2017

Conducting polymer (CP) hybrids, which combine CPs with heterogeneous species, have shown strong potential as electrical transducers in chemosensors. The charge transport properties of CPs are based on chemical redox reactions and provide various chemo-electrical signal transduction mechanisms. Combining CPs with other functional materials has provided opportunities to tailor their major morphological and physicochemical properties, often resulting in enhanced sensing performance. The hybrids can provide an enlarged effective surface area for enhanced interaction and chemical specificity to target analytes via a new signal transduction mechanism. Here, we review a selection of important CPs, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and their derivatives, to fabricate versatile organic and inorganic hybrid materials and their chemo-electrical sensing performance. We focus on what benefits can be achieved through material hybridization in the sensing application. Moreover, state-of-the-art trends in technologies of CP hybrid sensors are discussed, as are limitations and challenges.
“An ounce of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure”: Adopting Landscape-Level Precautionary Approaches to Preserve Arctic Coastal Heritage Resources
Authors: Barr Bradley
Published: April 2017

The Arctic region is changing rapidly and dramatically as a result of climate change, perhaps two to three times faster than other areas of the world. Its inaccessibility, remoteness, and low population density no longer offers sufficient protection from expanding human use and development for its rich and diverse natural and cultural heritage. While considerable attention is being focused on better understanding and more effectively protecting its natural resources, far less is being done to identify and preserve this region’s significant maritime heritage resources. This remoteness and inaccessibility that has protected Arctic resources for so long has also constrained our capacity to conduct sufficient archaeological studies to inform and guide the place-specific identification and preservation of what remains of this compelling history and heritage. The wilderness landscape of the Arctic has a rich and relatively well-documented historical record, spanning more than 2000 years of exploration and commerce, and of Indigenous cultures stretching further back over 4000–6000 years. More effectively using this historical record to identify significant maritime cultural landscapes in the Arctic and expanding the use of precautionary approaches to the preservation of these landscapes will not only assist in establishing regional priorities for targeted archaeological surveys and investigations, but will also likely minimize what will be lost forever as the inevitable “ice-free Arctic”, as well as its expanded human footprint, approaches.
Prediction of Species-Specific Volume Using Different Inventory Approaches by Fusing Airborne Laser Scanning and Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Kandare Kaja , Dalponte Michele , Ørka Hans , Frizzera Lorenzo , Næsset Erik
Published: April 2017

Fusion of ALS and hyperspectral data can offer a powerful basis for the discrimination of tree species and enables an accurate prediction of species-specific attributes. In this study, the fused airborne laser scanning (ALS) data and hyperspectral images were used to model and predict the total and species-specific volumes based on three forest inventory approaches, namely the individual tree crown (ITC) approach, the semi-ITC approach, and the area-based approach (ABA). The performances of these inventory approaches were analyzed and compared at the plot level in a complex Alpine forest in Italy. For the ITC and semi-ITC approaches, an ITC delineation algorithm was applied. With the ITC approach, the species-specific volumes were predicted with allometric models for each crown segment and aggregated to the total volume. For the semi-ITC and ABA, a multivariate k-most similar neighbor method was applied to simultaneously predict the total and species-specific volumes using leave-one-out cross-validation at the plot level. In both methods, the ALS and hyperspectral variables were important for volume modeling. The total volume of the ITC, semi-ITC, and ABA resulted in relative root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 25.31%, 17.41%, 30.95% of the mean and systematic errors (mean differences) of 21.59%, −0.27%, and −2.69% of the mean, respectively. The ITC approach achieved high accuracies but large systematic errors for minority species. For majority species, the semi-ITC performed slightly better compared to the ABA, resulting in higher accuracies and smaller systematic errors. The results indicated that the semi-ITC outperformed the two other inventory approaches. To conclude, we suggest that the semi-ITC method is further tested and assessed with attention to its potential in operational forestry applications, especially in cases for which accurate species-specific forest biophysical attributes are needed.
Spatiotemporal Variability of Lake Water Quality in the Context of Remote Sensing Models
Authors: Hansen Carly , Burian Steven , Dennison Philip , Williams Gustavious
Published: April 2017

This study demonstrates a number of methods for using field sampling and observed lake characteristics and patterns to improve techniques for development of algae remote sensing models and applications. As satellite and airborne sensors improve and their data are more readily available, applications of models to estimate water quality via remote sensing are becoming more practical for local water quality monitoring, particularly of surface algal conditions. Despite the increasing number of applications, there are significant concerns associated with remote sensing model development and application, several of which are addressed in this study. These concerns include: (1) selecting sensors which are suitable for the spatial and temporal variability in the water body; (2) determining appropriate uses of near-coincident data in empirical model calibration; and (3) recognizing potential limitations of remote sensing measurements which are biased toward surface and near-surface conditions. We address these issues in three lakes in the Great Salt Lake surface water system (namely the Great Salt Lake, Farmington Bay, and Utah Lake) through sampling at scales that are representative of commonly used sensors, repeated sampling, and sampling at both near-surface depths and throughout the water column. The variability across distances representative of the spatial resolutions of Landsat, SENTINEL-2 and MODIS sensors suggests that these sensors are appropriate for this lake system. We also use observed temporal variability in the system to evaluate sensors. These relationships proved to be complex, and observed temporal variability indicates the revisit time of Landsat may be problematic for detecting short events in some lakes, while it may be sufficient for other areas of the system with lower short-term variability. Temporal variability patterns in these lakes are also used to assess near-coincident data in empirical model development. Finally, relationships between the surface and water column conditions illustrate potential issues with near-surface remote sensing, particularly when there are events that cause mixing in the water column.
Toward Geodesign for Watershed Restoration on the Fremont-Winema National Forest, Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Reynolds Keith , Murphy Philip , Paplanus Steven
Published: April 2017

Spatial decision support systems for forest management have steadily evolved over the past 20+ years in order to better address the complexities of contemporary forest management issues such as the sustainability and resilience of ecosystems on forested landscapes. In this paper, we describe and illustrate new features of the Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system that extend the system’s traditional support for landscape analysis and strategic planning to include a simple approach to feature-based tactical planning priorities. The study area for this work was the Chewaucan watershed of the Fremont-Winema National Forest, located in south-central Oregon, USA. The analysis of strategic priorities recommended five subwatersheds as being of high priority for restoration activities, based primarily on decision criteria related to the stream accessibility to headwaters and upland condition. Among high priority subwatersheds, the most common tactical action recommended was the removal of artificial barriers to fish passages. Other high priority tactical actions recommended in high priority subwatersheds to improve fish habitats were reducing the road density and restoring riparian vegetation. In the discussion, we conclude by describing how the simple tactical planning methods illustrated in this paper can be extended in EMDS to provide a more sophisticated hybrid approach to strategic and tactical planning that can evaluate alternative portfolios of designed management actions applied across landscapes. The latter planned improvement to decision support capabilities in EMDS encapsulates Carl Steinitz’s concept of geodesign.
On the Charge Density Refinement of Odd-Order Multipoles Invariant under Crystal Point Group Symmetry
Authors: Roversi Pietro , Destro Riccardo
Published: April 2017

Charge density studies utilise a multipolar expansion of the atomic density (and the associated atomic scattering factor) in order to model asphericity. Contributions of the individual multipoles to the atomic density are then refined as multipole population coefficients. Refinement of these coefficients pertaining to odd-order multipoles that are invariant under the crystal point-group symmetry is often problematic, with ill-defined values and correlations plaguing the convergence to a good model. These difficulties have been discussed in generic terms in the literature, but never explicitly analysed in detail. In this communication, we show that the charge density multipolar atomic scattering factor can be partitioned in three contributions that differ in their behaviour under the point group symmetry of the crystal. This partitioning rationalises and predicts the conditions that give rise to ill-conditioning of the charge density refinement of these multipoles.
Breast Cancer as a late complication of treatment for lymphoma in children and adolescents
Authors: De Melo Antonio Marlos Duarte , Sampaio Jose Angelo Araújo , Quidute Ricardo Souto
Published: April 2017

The treatment for pediatric patients affected by Hodgkin's lymphoma, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has offered a high survival rate, but may be responsible for the appearing of breast cancer in later form in these same people. The 20-year survival rate can reach 90% of patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease, but they may suffer sequelae, among which malignant secondary neoplasms, including breast cancer. Most studies show that the malignancy of breast tissue is the main secondary sequel to radiotherapeutics’ treatment for patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma in childhood.

 

Keywords: Breast Cancer; Hodgkin's Lymphoma; Radiotherapy.