bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media as a Learning-Teaching Tool in the Context of Media Literacy from Turkish Language Teacher Candidates’ Perspective
Authors: Coşkun Hatice
Published: November 2021

This study aims to reveal the Turkish language teacher candidates’ opinions about the media as a learning-teaching tool in the context of media literacy. It has been conducted utilising the basic qualitative research pattern, one of the qualitative research types, with twenty participating teacher candidates studying in the last year of their university education. In the study, a semi-structured interview form is employed as the data collection tool. The collected data are analysed based on the content analysis method, one of the qualitative analysis methods. The results obtained in the study have shown that social media has a central place in Turkish teacher candidates’ media perception; when they were asked about the media tools for teaching, they answered the internet and YouTube primarily. The participants stressed that the media as a teaching tool offers teachers alternative ways and facilitates the educational process. For these reasons, they consider the media a usable teaching tool. The media tools they use the most in their own learning processes are the internet, YouTube and Instagram. The teacher candidates plan to use media tools while performing their jobs. Moreover, the teacher candidates, who consider utilising media tools in the learning-teaching process necessary, plan to advise their students to learn through media.
Preface: Ninety Years – Something Old and Something New
Authors:   Centre of Excellence in Estonian Studies, Kõiva Mare ,   Estonian Literary Museum, Toulouze Eva ,   Institute of Eastern Languages and Cultures (INALCO), Paris,   University of Tartu, Estonia, Anisimov Nikolai ,   Estonian Literary Museum,   Udmurt Institute for Research in History, Language and Literature (UdmFITs UrO RAN), Izhevsk, Russia
Published: November 2021

The book you have in your hands is not an ordinary book. It is the first wider approach to Udmurt folklore in English. Udmurt folkloristics have a relatively long history: taking into account the general pattern of cultural development it is more than one and a half centuries. Unhappily for international communication, it is overwhelmingly in Russian. This is the first systematic attempt to open up this rich material to the international scholarly community.
Rituals and Socialisation in the Udmurt Folk Calendar
Authors:   Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladykina Tatiana , Glukhova Galina ,   Institute of Udmurt Philology, Finno-Ugric Studies and Journalism, Panina Tatiana ,   Udmurt Institute for Research in History, Language and Literature (Udmurt Federal Research Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences)
Published: November 2021

The article describes Udmurt folk calendar rites from the perspective of age and gender socialisation as one form of regulation of the ritual act. It shows, using particular examples, the interdependence of gender and age differences. Men played an important role in the process of prayer. However, the ‘female theme’ has become the quintessence of spring ceremonies, the main functions of which were fertility and production. A special role was given to older women who were not only the supervisors of ritual actions, but also the initiators of occasional rituals. They also established contact with the other world. Youth held an active position at the beginning of half-year as equivalent periods (palar) of calendar cycle – spring and autumn. Boys and girls were the main participants in the spring and summer merrymaking dances and at the autumn and winter gatherings. The main task of these rituals was the formation of pairs with the prospect of marriage. The eve of the holiday could be correlated with puberty. Children participated in appropriate games in which the basic images and characters of the rituals are revealed. Attention is focused on the functions of the participants and the peculiarities of their behaviour.
An Udmurt Exceptional Performer, Dzhakapay
Authors:   Udmurt Institute for Research in History, Language and Literature (UdmFITs UrO RAN), Pchelovodova Irina , Anisimov Nikolai ,   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia,   Udmurt Institute for Research in History, Language and Literature (UdmFITs UrO RAN), Izhevsk, Russia
Published: November 2021

This article concentrates on the phenomenon of the individual in the ethnic culture of the Udmurt, bearing in mind that this has never been attempted before. This is a proper framework to analyse Ol’ga Solov’yova’s (1932–2018) personality, who was famous among the people as Dzhaky / Dzhakapay / Dzhaky apay (lit: Aunt Jay). A whole range of reasons justifies scientific interest in her: her huge repertoire of songs and rituals, her ability to improvise freely within her local tradition, her unique musical and auditory skills. The analysis of Dzhakapay’s character allows us to connect the songs of her repertoire and her fate. Many non-ritual songs are in fact autobiographical narratives, dedicated to reflexions on an unhappy fate, on being an orphan. A considerable number of songs in her repertoire belong to the category of so-called personal songs (in Russian: imennyye pesni, ‘name songs’), which represent a kind of personal memoire in musical form. Another unique feature of this performer’s art is her knowledge of songs from neighbouring villages in their original language (Russian, Mari, Tatar) and their translation into Udmurt. Her knowledge of the local traditional rituals made her very important to the local community, in which she was deeply respected. Until the last day of her life, she followed the ontological positions, the rules of behaviour, the canons of ritual and singing performance elaborated by tradition, and attempted to instil them into the people surrounding her. This awakened her genuine interest in the social and scientific milieu. And today, when she is no longer among us, her name is attached to many very different projects.
Event classification from the Urdu language text on social media
Authors: Awan Malik Daler Ali , Kajla Nadeem Iqbal , Firdous Amnah , Husnain Mujtaba , Missen Malik Muhammad Saad
Published: November 2021

The real-time availability of the Internet has engaged millions of users around the world. The usage of regional languages is being preferred for effective and ease of communication that is causing multilingual data on social networks and news channels. People share ideas, opinions, and events that are happening globally i.e., sports, inflation, protest, explosion, and sexual assault, etc. in regional (local) languages on social media. Extraction and classification of events from multilingual data have become bottlenecks because of resource lacking. In this research paper, we presented the event classification task for the Urdu language text existing on social media and the news channels by using machine learning classifiers. The dataset contains more than 0.1 million (102,962) labeled instances of twelve (12) different types of events. The title, its length, and the last four words of a sentence are used as features to classify the events. The Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (tf-idf) showed the best results as a feature vector to evaluate the performance of the six popular machine learning classifiers. Random Forest (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) are among the classifiers that out-performed among other classifiers by achieving 98.00% and 99.00% accuracy, respectively. The novelty lies in the fact that the features aforementioned are not applied, up to the best of our knowledge, in the event extraction of the text written in the Urdu language.
De novoassembly and functional annotation of blood transcriptome of loggerhead turtle, andin silicocharacterization of peroxiredoxins and thioredoxins
Authors: Hernández-Fernández Javier , Pinzón Velasco Andrés Mauricio , López Barrera Ellie Anne , Rodríguez Becerra María Del Pilar , Villanueva-Cañas José Luis , Alba M. Mar , Mariño Ramírez Leonardo
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to generate and analyze the atlas of the loggerhead turtle blood transcriptome by RNA-seq, as well as identify and characterize thioredoxin (Tnxs) and peroxiredoxin (Prdxs) antioxidant enzymes of the greatest interest in the control of peroxide levels and other biological functions. The transcriptome of loggerhead turtle was sequenced using the Illumina Hiseq 2000 platform andde novoassembly was performed using the Trinity pipeline. The assembly comprised 515,597 contigs with an N50 of 2,631 bp. Contigs were analyzed with CD-Hit obtaining 374,545 unigenes, of which 165,676 had ORFs encoding putative proteins longer than 100 amino acids. A total of 52,147 (31.5%) of these transcripts had significant homology matches in at least one of the five databases used. From the enrichment of GO terms, 180 proteins with antioxidant activity were identified, among these 28 Prdxs and 50 putative Tnxs. The putative proteins of loggerhead turtles encoded by the genes Prdx1, Prdx3, Prdx5, Prdx6, Txn and Txnip were predicted and characterizedin silico. When comparing Prdxs and Txns of loggerhead turtle with homologous human proteins, they showed 18 (9%), 52 (18%) 94 (43%), 36 (16%), 35 (33%) and 74 (19%) amino acid mutations respectively. However, they showed high conservation in active sites and structural motifs (98%), with few specific modifications. Of these, Prdx1, Prdx3, Prdx5, Prdx6, Txn and Txnip presented 0, 25, 18, three, six and two deleterious changes. This study provides a high quality blood transcriptome and functional annotation of loggerhead sea turtles.
Tourism, knowledge management and its processes
Authors: Otowicz Marcelo Henrique , Lacerda Leonardo Lincoln Leite de , Emmendoerfer Luana , Biz Alexandre Augusto
Published: November 2021

When it comes to knowledge management (KM), one of the ways to classify it is through its processes. When it comes to tourism, it is the sectors that reveal its practical development. At this juncture, this article aims to analyze which are the tourism sectors that are considering KM in their research, as well as which KM processes are most used in tourism studies. To this end, this research is supported by an integrative literature review and follows the guidelines of the PRISMA recommendation. Due to the research protocol established and using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, an initial sample of 376 articles was obtained, of which 107 met the eligibility criteria. The research results are: (1) the most representative sectors are macro tourism and the accommodation services segment; (2) there is an emphasis on knowledge sharing and transfer processes, which are KM concerns also in other areas; (3) the researches highlight tacit knowledge, given its management complexity and the competitive differential it supports; (4) the researches on KM in tourism received criticism for low quality, complexity of scientific language, or disconnection with the managers and operators in the private and public sectors.
Training Multi-Layer Deep Neural Networks Using Hybrid Algorithms to Detect Network Intrusions
Authors: ALFARRA Ahmed A A
Published: November 2021

One of the challenges facing security analysts and administrators is to enable intrusion detection in network systems, preventing intruders from entering the network. Network intrusion detection is usually signature-based and plays
an effective role in detecting only known attacks. However, there are concerns about unknown attacks and the difficulty arises here. Which requires creating a model that can detect network attacks by discovering anomalies in the
network. Therefore, in this article, an approach to detecting attacks is presented by monitoring the behavior of data and training it to distinguish between network traffic, which is normal traffic, and traffic that is classified
as an attack on the network. The known database was used NSL-KDD, a dataset that monitors network traffic including various types of network attacks and detects normal traffic, it also contains numerous patterns and features. It
includes 41 features for each traffic and is divided into five classifications. The four types are classified as types of network attacks and the fifth as normal traffic. One of the difficulties and problems is the existence of
a wide variety of features. This requires finding a way to extract features that can have a significant impact on the results to achieve greater accuracy in classifying the type of attack. For this reason, principal component analysis
PCA technology has been used to reduce feature sizes. Six models were created which are hybrid algorithms to optimize the performance of a multi-layer neural network by training their weights to classify the attack type in the
network. A two hidden layer deep neural network was designed, and their weights were trained by designing six hybrid models. These models are hybrid algorithms based on four optimization algorithms which are Genetic Algorithm,
Artificial bee colony algorithm, firefly algorithm, and Jaya algorithm. Several metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed models. This paper contributed to finding an effective network intrusion detection methodology
and developing a deep neural network by building effective optimization algorithms. Where the proposed algorithms performed well with accuracy ranging from 77.177% to 85.077%. The proposed algorithms also achieved a low MSE loss
rate close to zero with an MSE value of 9.99868e-05. Also, precision values range from 82 to 97%, and most of the proposed algorithms achieved high rates when calculating the sensitivity and specificity. The proposed models have
contributed to finding a high-performance methodology for detecting intrusion on the network and contributed to proving that the hybrid algorithms used are effective and help to the optimization can be used in other studies.
Transformation of Labor into Art Through the Manufacturing Form of Mierle Laderman Ukeles and the Maıntenance Art in the Context of Feminist Discourse
Authors: YÜCEL Banu , TOMSUK Esra ERTUĞRUL
Published: November 2021

18. yüzyıldan itibaren kadınlar, toplumsal ve kültürel alanda erkeklerle eşit haklara sahip olmak için mücadele etmişlerdir. 20.yüzyılda sanat ortamında tanınma mücadelelerini, ürettikleri işlerin küçümsenmeden kabul edilmesi doğrultusunda
devam ettirmişlerdir. İlk kuşak feminist sanatçılar öncelikle, o sürece kadar var olan kadın sanatçıları araştırarak yeni bir sanat tarihi yazmak üzere yola çıkmış ya da söylemlerini kadın bedeni üzerinden cesurca dile getirmişlerdir.
Sonraki dönem kadın sanatçılar ise, mücadelelerini kadın bedeninden ve kimliğinden bağımsız bir şekilde sadece sanatçı olarak sanat ortamında bulunmak istemişlerdir. Bu sanatçılardan bazıları kavramsal sanat içinde ifade gücü bulmuş,
bazıları da performanslarıyla ses getirmişlerdir. Dikkat çeken performanslara imza atan Mierle Laderman Ukeles, kişisel hayatından yola çıkarak geliştirdiği bir söylemi performanslarıyla dile getirmektedir. Sanatçı, görünmez temizlik,
pişirme ve onarım işlerini yeni bir bağlamda ele almış ve bu yeni pratiğe “Bakım Sanatı” adını vermiştir. Kadına biçilen belli başlı görevleri yeni bir sanat anlayışı olarak performans sanatı ile dile getiren Mierle Laderman Ukeles,
kadınların görünmez emeğini sanat çalışmasına dönüştürerek bu emeği su yüzüne çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda, feminist sanat hareketlerinden yola çıkarak kadın
sanatçıların sanat ortamında söz sahibi olma mücadelesi literatür taraması yapılmış, dökümanlar incelenmiş, internet kaynaklarına ulaşılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda bir kadın olarak toplumsal hayat içerisindeki deneyimlerini performans
sanatına da taşıyarak kendi sanat pratiğini geliştirmiş olan Mierle Laderman Ukeles’in işleri incelenmiştir.
Public Health Problems associated with Informal Settlements around Waterfront Communities in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbonna D. N. , Ogbuku J. O. , Ngah S. A. , Ayotamuno A.
Published: November 2021

Port Harcourt municipality, southern Nigeria, is faced with environmental problems with slums and informal settlements communities, ranging from use of poor and overstressed facilities and inadequate water and electricity supplies and lack appropriate garbage disposal facilities and good drainage systems resulting in perennial flooding due to blocked drainage systems resulting in a number of diseases, such as malaria, diarrhea, cold and cough. Communities are densely populated, with more than five people living in a room. Therefore this study was carried out to assess the public health status of slums/ informal settlements in Port Harcourt Municipality in Rivers state. The study utilized a mixed-method approach. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire and in-depth interview were used to collect data. A total of 180 Questionnaires were distributed across the  five (5) selected waterfronts communities in the survey and key informants were interviewed to obtain detailed information about the status of the various communities in the Informal settlements studied. The results of the study revealed that the most prevalent illnesses in all Slums/Informal Settlements were malaria, typhoid, dysentery, diarrhea, coughing, worm infestation, and skin infection. The prevalence rate of infectious disease recorded for all slums/Informal settlements show that Malaria had 15-17%; Typhoid fever14-16%, Diarrhea 11-13%, Dysentery 12-14%, Cough 5-10%, Worm infestation 8-11% and Skin infections 2-4%.  However, Malaria remains the foremost killer disease in Nigeria. It accounts for over 25% of under 5 mortality, 30% childhood mortality and 11% maternal mortality. These results suggest that people living in slums are predisposed to severe outbreak of epidemics, therefore requires an urgent attention for comprehensive interventions from the government and other organizations to strengthen existing programs to improve the public health and quality of life of this vulnerable population.
Comparison of Open Source DEM’s for Morphometric Analysis of Micro Watersheds: A Case Study from the Midlands of Kerala
Authors: Pasha Md. Majeed , Sathian K. K.
Published: November 2021

Morphometric analysis with the help of remote sensing and GIS is now widely used to prioritise micro watersheds for planning interventions for soil and water conservation. DEM is the main digital data used to perform the morphometric analysis. There are different types of DEMs available to perform morphometric analysis using GIS techniques. But, no authentic information is available on the degree of accuracy levels of these DEMs to quantitatively determine various morphometric parameters for the watersheds in Kerala, with typical undulating and sloping terrain features. Hence, this research has been initiated to evaluate the quality of three popular DEMs viz. SRTM(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), CARTOSAT(Cartography and satellite) and ASTER(Advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection Radiometer), each with 30 m spatial resolution. Two small sub watershed of Bharathapuzha river basin have been chosen for the study which are lying near to Valanchery town in Malappuram district. More than 21 morphometric parameters including drainage network, basin geometry, basin texture and basin relief characteristics were computed using these three types of DEMs and the outputs compared with google earth map. The results shows that the SRTM 30m DEM is characterized by higher accuracy compared to CARTOSAT and ASTER and has got better matching with google earth map data sources.
Study on Integrated Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers and Organic Manure on Available Nutrients, Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Scented Rice
Authors: Doley Momin , Das K. N. , Medhi B. K. , Basumatary A. , Pegu Lolesh
Published: November 2021

Field experiments were conducted at the Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during the year 2017 and 2018 to study the integrated effect of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure on available nutrients, yield and nutrient uptake in scented rice. Before the test crop experiment, fertility gradient experiment was conducted by using kharif rice (cv. Ranjit) as an exhaust crop to create three fertility gradient strips. After harvesting the gradient crop, test crop experiment was conducted in the same field with scented rice (cv. Keteki joha) by superimposing 24 combination treatments consisting of five levels of N (0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1), four levels of P2O5 (0, 5, 10 and 20 kg ha-1), three levels of K2O (0, 10 and 20 kg ha-1) and three levels of vermicompost (0, 2 and 3 t ha-1) in each of these fertility gradient strips. Results show that application of integrated nutrient management approach brought about a positive influence on organic carbon, nutrient availability, crop yield and nutrients uptake by scented rice. Combined application of 60 kg N, 10 kg P2O5 and 10 kg K2O per hectare along with 3 tons of vermicompost per hectare resulted in the highest concentration of available NPK in soils, the highest crop yield and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by rice.
Design and Implementation of Heart Beat Monitor System
Authors: Oyediji F. T. , Aluko A. O. , Adetunmbi A. O.
Published: November 2021

Over the years, the decline of Nigeria’s health-care infrastructure has become alarming. The 2018 annual report of WHO shows that 75% human cardiovascular disease resulted from High Blood pressure. Immediate technical action is needed to alleviate the severity to the barest minimum. This research work presents a designs and implementation of microcontroller based Heart Beat Monitoring System for High Blood Pressure Patients. The developed system consists of three sections which include; Input section consisting of Heart beat sensor that senses and converts the blood pulse from a fingertip into an electrical signal. The sensor thereafter sends the signal into microcontroller, which is the control section that acts and communicates the result through LCD and output section. The displayed results show the beat rate in unit of beat per minute (BPM). The developed system was evaluated and demonstrated with two other standard devices namely: Pulse Oximeter and Digital Arm Cuff using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine its level of significance. The P Value of 0.519049 was found significant at 0.05 level of significance. Additionally, the results indicate that there is no significant difference among the three devices. It was concluded the designed device is more cost effective, user friendly and easily assembled due availability of needed materials in contrast with the other standard devices.
Seasonal Vegetation Response to Climate Variability on Land use Land Cover Changes using In-Situ and Satellite Imagery Observation Data for Semi-Arid Maasai Mara National Reserve Rangeland Ecosystem, Kenya
Authors: Kapkwang Charles C. , O. Onyando Japheth , M. Kundu Peter , Hoedjes Joost
Published: November 2021

Monitoring vegetation response through enhanced change detection by remote sensing and geographical information systems has tremendously improved real time information on surface features. Over the last few decades biomass monitoring at large scale has been made possible from information and metrics derived from satellite sensors. Maasai Mara National Reserve has been utilized in many decades as Kenyan natural grassland for wildlife grazing without periodic assessment of biomass production as affected by impact of climate variability yet it’s a tourism hub and one Kenyan economic contributor. This research evaluates the use of high spatial resolution satellite imagery such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer or the Project for On-Board Autonomy–Vegetation and latest SENTINEL-2 for deriving the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index values in relations to in-situ measurements of biomass production between 2009 and 2019 in Mara, Kenya. Area frame sampling of biomass per unit area in Kgha-1clipped from 50cm by 50cm quadrats were used in destructive sampling. The reserve grassland area coverage was estimated to be 717.203km2 (46.75%) where the in-situ total above ground grass biomass projected in dry season was 35.094 tonha-1. This was approximated as 2,516,952.208 tonnes per the season reserve cover while in wet season, 42.123 tonha-1 was approximated as 3,021,074.197 tonnes. The error matrices developed to assess the accuracies of the ecosystem classification indicated values that ranged between 80-100% and 87.5-100% for producer’s and user’s accuracy respectively. 3 out of 7 satellite imagery maps (2017, 2018, and 2019) were assessed for accuracy using reference data collected during fieldwork in 2018 and 2019 in ecosystem. The overall accuracy was 95.22% with Kappa index of 0.94 for 14 land cover classes shown in table 7. From the findings, potential factors influencing vegetation growth in different climatic regions are varied and complex. It can be noted that climate variability influence vegetation response in spatial scale to supply sustainable quality vegetation/pasture for wildlife feeds and ecosystem development. Vegetation mapping and monitoring of ecosystem behavior help stakeholders with information of vegetation characteristics Decision policy formulation and wildlife planning.
An Anti-radical, Cytoprotective, Anti-proliferative, Anti-inflammatory and Toxicological Assessment of Metallo-porphyrins Isolated from Fresh Leaves of Spinacia oleracea L.
Authors: Das Debashree , Patil Shailendra , Gajbhiye Asmita
Published: November 2021

Aim: Synthetic lead molecules are associated with host of adverse effects while medicinal molecules isolated from natural sources are blessed with both safety as well as efficacy. The ancient doctrine of Ayurveda ardently advocates the therapeutic virtues contained in green leaves of Spinacia oleracea L. The principal constituent of the leaves is the class of metalloporphyrin chlorophyll, which is also the floral counterpart of faunal heme. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and chlorophyll-b (Chl-b) are the cardinal members of the chlorophyll family.

Study design: Herein, we have explored the anti-radical, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative efficacy of Chl-a and Chl-b in reference to standard drug and crude extract of Spinacia leaves. The current study is aimed to establish, naturally mined metaloporphyrins as safe and efficacious replacement of synthetic leads that are associated with a wide range of toxicological issues.

Methodology: Using a combination of Silica Gel-G column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography, the two principal green metallo-porphyrins (Chl-a and Chl-b) were sequentially extracted and isolated from crude extract of Spinacia oleracea L leaves. Antiradical efficacy, of the isolated green porphyrins was quantified by DPPH and Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay. Cytoprotective efficacy was evaluated using ex-vivo hemolysis assay and anti-inflammatory potency was attested employing carrageenan induced paw edema bioassay. To enumerate on the anti-proliferative potency, MTT assay was employed, while toxicology of the isolates was evaluated employing OECD 420 acute toxicity guidelines.

Findings: The study confirmed that isolated green porphyrins Chl-a and Chl-b as well as crude extract all exerts significant anti-radical, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative efficacy however while potency of Chl-a was at par with that of reference standard and superior to the crude extract, Chl-b clocked in a value inferior to both. Furthermore, acute toxicity study indicated that even at p.o. dose of 2000mg/Kg b.w, no toxicity was manifested in either of the metalloporpyrin treated groups thus ascertaining the safe nature of the naturally mined metalloporphyrin entities. Also naturally mined Chl-a is not only a safer alternative to synthetic medicine but it is more potent and safe than its parent extract popularly used in herbal medicine.

Conclusion:  The results of the study indicates that Chl-a having a more profound structural resemblance to heme than Chl-b can be further modulated as a cost-effective and safe anti-radical alternative to synthetic leads in inhibiting inflammation and untoward cell proliferative while extending cyto-protection from pathological ROS generated in diseased states.
Efficacy of GeneXpert in Diagnosing Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Comparison to Culture
Authors: Kashif Munir Muhammad , Ali Iftikhar , Sheikh Ahsan Sattar , Malik Arif , Hanif Asif , Rehman Sana , Munir Samina Khaliq , Ali Qurban
Published: November 2021

Objectives: Aim of present study is to observe the efficiency of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay in comparison to MTB culture on Lowenstein Jensen media in diagnosis of smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis cases.

Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in The University of Lahore in collaboration with King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital Lahore 11th September, 2020 to 10th April 2021. Smear negative for acid fast bacilli patients enrolled for anti TB treatment were the target population. After taking informed consent, patients were asked to submit first morning sputum sample for culture on Lowenstein Jensen Medium and GeneXpert.

Results: A total of 345 smear negative TB patients were diagnosed clinically and/or on the basis of radiological findings with mean age of 38.28±17.93,consisting of 47.5% male and 52.5% females  recruited in this study. History of TB contact was present among 41.4% patients whereas history of smoking and diabetes remained to be 27.2% and 17.4% respectively. Culture showed significantly higher rate (35.1%) (p-value <0.05) of detection of MTB as compared to GeneXpert (21.5%). A sensitivity of 56.01% was calculated for GeneXpert whereas for culture on LJ medium it was 60.63%.

Conclusion: Sensitivity of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay is a bit low in diagnosing the SNPT patients as compared to the culture but still registers itself as a handsome tool in terms of promptness and definite detection of MTB complex. Further provision of rifampicin susceptibility is bonus in same time.
Leadership Skills and their Associated Factors among Pharmacy Students at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alaaddin Rahaf Nabil , Ibrahim Nahla Khamis , Kadi Mai
Published: November 2021

Background: Leadership is a vital attribute for the predictive quality of care in healthcare organizations. Leadership has an effective role in improving clinical outcomes, pharmacy practice, and patient satisfaction. However, limited studies have been done on leadership among pharmacy students in Makkah. The current study was conducted to describe the leadership skills and their associated factors among pharmacy students at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was done. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used. Stratification considered the gender, educational program (Pharm-D or B-Pharm), and educational year. A standardized data collection sheet was used and asked about personal, sociodemographic data, the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ), Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence (SSREI) scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS).

Descriptive statistics were done. Inferential statistics were done using the Student’s t-test and ANOVA for comparing between means. Pearson’s product-moment correlations were also calculated. Multilinear regression models were constructed to determine the leadership predictors.

Results: A total of 400 pharmacy students participated in the study. Pharmacy students had high overall leadership competencies; the mean overall score of ALQ was 57.98 ±7.47. The highest leadership category score was for the internalized moral skills (15.04 ±2.43). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the predictors of the overall authentic leadership skills were high EI score (B= 0.4; 95% CI: 0.37-0.44) and absence of depression (B= -1.48; 95% CI: - 2.51, - 0.46). Depression was also negatively associated with self-awareness, internalized moral domains. Marital status, physical activity and father education also associated with different leadership domains.

Conclusion: The predictors of the total authentic leadership skills were the overall EI domain score and absence of depression. Training on both leadership skills, and emotional intelligence is essential. Management of depression and encouraging physical activities are needed for better leadership skills. These efforts may result in the development of highly qualified health care personnel.
PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: mediação para entender a espiral economia-saúde
Authors: Souza Diego de Oliveira
Published: November 2021

Este artigo problematiza a relação entre economia e saúde, tomando a pandemia da COVID-19 como mediação. A partir de uma abordagem materialista histórica da realidade, depreendem-se as interfaces da referida relação com base em dados do período da pandemia. Além disso, aborda os impactos da faceta neoliberal do processo de mundialização do capital para a saúde, a consolidação do complexo médico-industrial/financeiro e como este cresce com a COVID-19, e o processo de determinação social da saúde, a partir do qual se esclarece a relação ontologicamente construída entre economia e saúde, com as particularidades percebidas na trama causal da pandemia. Com isso, refuta-se a concepção linear da relação economia-saúde, demonstrando sua dinâmica espiralada.
Gênero, sexualidade e currículo: mapeamento das pesquisas acadêmicas no Norte e Nordeste brasileiros
Authors: Azevedo Santos Linda Brasil , Aragão Guarany Ann Letícia , Cardoso Lívia de Rezende
Published: November 2021

Diante do atual contexto conservador e de exclusão de gênero das políticas públicas, é de fundamental importância para educação a elaboração de pesquisas sobre essa temática em todos os espaços e níveis educacionais. O objetivo deste artigo é mapear as pesquisas em educação sobre gênero, sexualidade e currículo produzidas nos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu das regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, presentes na plataforma digital BDTD. Na categoria currículo, a que focaremos neste artigo, encontramos 43 pesquisas que têm como objeto de estudo uma intersecção do objeto de pesquisa em currículo com gênero e sexualidade. No geral, as pesquisas envolveram práticas educativas, elementos das estruturas curriculares, seus objetivos educacionais, conteúdos, discussões do papel da escola e da universidade e avaliação de documentos como PCN e BNCC. Esses elementos e uma descrição das pesquisas serão abordados ao longo do artigo.
Entre elas: Ser e viver mulher usuária de substâncias psicoativas
Authors: Henriques Sara Alves , Rosa Lucia
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo apresenta o olhar de mulheres sobre as outras e sobre si mesmas quanto ao uso de substâncias psicoativas a partir de um estudo de caso na cidade de Teresina – Piauí. A pesquisa é parte do resultado da dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas da Universidade Federal do Piauí. A metodologia adotada foi de natureza qualitativa, a partir de estudo de caso e de entrevistas semiestruturadas, tendo como participantes sete mulheres usuárias de substâncias psicoativas. A pesquisa demonstrou que as mulheres tendem a se perceber a partir do valor família ou em referência à figura masculina, e são orientadas a partir de uma cultura própria que, acabam por reproduzir vínculos baseados em relações complementares e perpassadas predominantemente por ideologias patriarcais, embora vestígios da ideologia feminista tenham também se mostrado presente, apesar de não terem sido reconhecidos por elas.
Cruzando diferenças nos Nordestes Brasileiros: Novas agendas de pesquisa em gênero e sexualidade
Authors: Soliva Thiago Barcelos , Costa Patrícia Rosalba Salvador Moura
Published: November 2021

Apresentação de dossiê
Gênero, Família e Literatura Infantil: Homoafetividade em “O Menino que brincava de ser”, de Georgina da Costa Martins
Authors: Gomes Márcia
Published: November 2021

Este artigo pretende responder à questão: como está posta a relação triádica entre gênero, família e preconceito na obra “O Menino que brincava de ser”, de Georgina da Costa Martins. O foco está em reconhecer na literatura em questão as passagens discursivas que nos permitam analisar: a) o tema da diversidade sexual na obra; b) - as configurações discursivas que revelam as instâncias da família e da sociedade em relação à diversidade sexual; c) -  desvendamento das manifestações do preconceito e da identidade sexual, revelando como a obra aborda essas questões. A finalidade da pesquisa é pensar um caminho para refletir a respeito da inserção das discussões de gênero e sexualidade na escola por meio da literatura-infanto juvenil. Dois conjuntos de teóricos serão trazidos para embasar as discussões: 1 - as questões de gênero e sexualidade serão pensadas desde os teóricos da teoria queer; 2 - a expansão das discussões sobre a sexualidade serão realizadas em consonância com proposições mais contemporâneas dos escritos sobre identidade na perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais. Resultou desta pesquisa o fato de que temas como o abordado aqui não encontra eco em muitas instâncias acadêmicas e por este motivo deve ser exposto mais vezes para que alcance patamares maiores de pesquisa e relevância social.
Doxorubicin promotes breast cancer cell migration and invasion via DCAF13
Authors: Sun Zhaoran , Zhou Dongmei , Yang Jinkui , Zhang Daoyong
Published: November 2021

DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 13 (DCAF13) is a substrate receptor in the CUL4‐DDB1 E3 ligase, and its expression is associated with the prognosis of certain cancers. In the present study, we report evidence that DCAF13 is aberrantly overexpressed in human breast cancer and its expression is positively associated with cancer progression. Further analysis showed that the DCAF13 expression level is significantly higher in triple‐negative breast cancer compared to non‐triple‐negative breast cancer, indicating a positive correlation between its expression and the aggressiveness of breast cancer. Subsequent studies revealed that DCAF13 regulates cancer cell migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer, whereas it has no significant impact on breast cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progressionor apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DCAF13 promotes the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells, indicating an involvement in breast cancer metastasis. Furthermore, we report that doxorubicin, a widely used chemotherapy drug, increases DCAF13 expression in breast cancer cells, leading to enhanced cancer cell migration and invasion. These results suggest that doxorubicin chemotherapy may increase the risk of metastasis of drug‐resistant breast cancer cells, and future therapeutics targeting DCAF13 may help reduce the risk, especially for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
In Situ Sprayed Starvation/Chemodynamic Therapeutic Gel for Post‐Surgical Treatment of IDH1 (R132H) Glioma
Authors: Li Chunying , Wan Yilin , Zhang Yifan , Fu Lian‐Hua , Blum Nicholas Thomas , Cui Run , Wu Boda , Zheng Rui , Lin Jing , Li Zhiming , Huang Peng
Published: November 2021

Complete resection of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) (R132H) glioma is unfeasible and the classic post‐surgical chemo/radiotherapy suffers from high recurrence and low survival rate. IDH1 (R132H) cells are sensitive to low concentrations of glucose and high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to inherent metabolism reprograming. Hence, a starvation/chemodynamic therapeutic gel is developed to combat residual IDH1 (R132H) tumor cells after surgery. Briefly, glucose oxidase (GOx) is mineralized with manganese‐doped calcium phosphate to form GOx@MnCaP nanoparticles, which are encapsulated into the fibrin gel (GOx@MnCaP@fibrin). After spraying gel in the surgical cavity, GOx catalyzes the oxidation of glucose in residual IDH1 (R132H) cells and produces H2O2. The generated H2O2 is further converted into highly lethal hydroxyl radicals (•OH) by a Mn2+‐mediated Fenton‐like reaction to further kill the residual IDH1 (R132H) cells. The as‐prepared starvation/chemodynamic therapeutic gel shows much higher therapeutic efficacy toward IDH1 (R132H) cells than IDH1 (WT) cells, and achieves long‐term survival.
Simultaneous Large Optical and Piezoelectric Effects Induced by Domain Reconfiguration Related to Ferroelectric Phase Transitions
Authors: Finkel Peter , Cain Markys G. , Mion Thomas , Staruch Margo , Kolacz Jakub , Mantri Sukriti , Newkirk Chad , Kavetsky Kyril , Thornton John , Xia Junhai , Currie Marc , Hase Thomas , Moser Alex , Thompson Paul , Lucas Christopher A. , Fitch Andy , Cairney Julie M. , Moss Scott D. , Nisbet Alan Gareth Alexander , Daniels John E. , Lofland Samuel E.
Published: November 2021

Electrical switching of ferroelectric domains and subsequent domain wall motion promotes strong piezoelectric activity, however, light scatters at refractive index discontinuities such as those found at domain wall boundaries. Thus, simultaneously achieving large piezoelectric effect and high optical transmissivity is generally deemed infeasible. Here, it is demonstrated that the ferroelectric domains in perovskite Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 domain‐engineered crystals can be manipulated by electrical field and mechanical stress to reversibly and repeatably, with small hysteresis, transform the opaque polydomain structure into a highly transparent monodomain state. This control of optical properties can be achieved at very low electric fields (less than 1.5 kV cm−1) and is accompanied by a large (>10 000 pm V−1) piezoelectric coefficient that is superior to linear state‐of‐the‐art materials by a factor of three or more. The coexistence of tunable optical transmissivity and high piezoelectricity paves the way for a new class of photonic devices.
Overcoming Intensity Saturation in Nonlinear Multiple‐Quantum‐Well Metasurfaces for High‐Efficiency Frequency Upconversion
Authors: Nefedkin Nikita , Mekawy Ahmed , Krakofsky Jonas , Wang Yongrui , Belyanin Alexey , Belkin Mikhail , Alù Andrea
Published: November 2021

Engineered intersubband transitions in semiconductor heterostructures featuring multiple quantum wells (MQWs) are shown to support record‐high second‐order nonlinear susceptibilities. By integrating these materials in metasurfaces with tailored optical resonances, it is possible to further enhance photonic interactions, yielding giant nonlinear responses in ultrathin devices. These metasurfaces form a promising platform for efficient nonlinear processes, including frequency upconversion of low‐intensity thermal infrared radiation and harmonic generation, free of phase‐matching constraints intrinsic to bulk nonlinear crystals. However, nonlinear saturation at moderately large pump intensities due to the transfer of electron population into excited subbands facilitated by strongly enhanced light–matter interactions in metasurfaces fundamentally limits their overall efficiency for various nonlinear processes. Here, the saturation limits of nonlinear MQW‐based metasurfaces for mid‐infrared frequency upconversion are significantly extended by optimizing their designs for excitation with a strong pump coherently coupled with unpopulated upper electron subbands. This counterintuitive pumping scheme, combined with tailored material and photonic engineering of the metasurface, avoids saturation at practical levels of continuous‐wave pump intensities, yielding significantly larger upconversion efficiencies than in conventional approaches. The present results open new opportunities for nonlinear metasurfaces, less limited by saturation mechanisms, with important implications for night‐vision imaging and compact nonlinear wave mixing systems.
Colloidal Metal‐Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets: Thickness‐Controlled Synthesis, Properties, and Application in Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Otero‐Martínez Clara , Ye Junzhi , Sung Jooyoung , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Pérez‐Juste Jorge , Xia Zhiguo , Rao Akshay , Hoye Robert L. Z. , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana
Published: November 2021

Colloidal metal‐halide perovskite nanocrystals (MHP NCs) are gaining significant attention for a wide range of optoelectronics applications owing to their exciting properties, such as defect tolerance, near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range. Although the optical properties of MHP NCs are easily tunable through their halide composition, they suffer from light‐induced halide phase segregation that limits their use in devices. However, MHPs can be synthesized in the form of colloidal nanoplatelets (NPls) with monolayer (ML)‐level thickness control, exhibiting strong quantum confinement effects, and thus enabling tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range by controlling the thickness of bromide or iodide‐based lead‐halide perovskite NPls. In addition, the NPls exhibit narrow emission peaks, have high exciton binding energies, and a higher fraction of radiative recombination compared to their bulk counterparts, making them ideal candidates for applications in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). This review discusses the state‐of‐the‐art in colloidal MHP NPls: synthetic routes, thickness‐controlled synthesis of both organic–inorganic hybrid and all‐inorganic MHP NPls, their linear and nonlinear optical properties (including charge‐carrier dynamics), and their performance in LEDs. Furthermore, the challenges associated with their thickness‐controlled synthesis, environmental and thermal stability, and their application in making efficient LEDs are discussed.
US research needs related to fatigue, sleep, and working hours among oil and gas extraction workers
Authors: Hagan‐Haynes Kyla , Pratt Stephanie , Lerman Steven , Wong Imelda , Baker Angela , Flower David , Riethmeister Vanessa
Published: November 2021

Background

During 2003–2013, 1189 US oil and gas extraction (OGE) workers died while working, resulting in an average annual workplace fatality rate seven times that for all US workers. OGE work commonly involves long hours, shiftwork, irregular schedules, and long commutes, but effects of these factors on fatigue, occupational injury, and illness in OGE are largely unknown.

Methods

A scoping review of relevant OGE research during 2000–2019 was completed and supplemented by input from a NIOSH‐sponsored Forum.

Results

Seventy‐eight papers were identified; 76% reported only offshore research. Five themes for research needs emerged: build knowledge about the impacts of fatigue; explore interactions between on‐ and off‐the‐job risk factors; identify and evaluate interventions; assess effectiveness of technology; and increase the diffusion of fatigue risk management information.

Conclusions

Further collaboration between researchers and OGE operators and contractors can lead to action‐oriented recommendations to mitigate the effects of fatigue, inadequate sleep, and shiftwork.