bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TERAPI MUSIK TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI PADA IBU NIFAS POST OPERASI SECTIO CAESAREA (SC)
Authors: Sukowati Anis , Utomo Bram Mustiko , Barirah  , Fistakul  , Wulandari Siswi
Published: May 2024

Penyebab utama anemia kurang besi tampaknya adalah karena konsumsi zat besi yang tidak cukup dan absorbsi zat besi yang rendah dari pola makanan, memberikan tablet besi 60 mg/hari dan dilakukan penyuluhan gizi ibu hamil dan menyusui. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi gizi seimbang dan usia dengan kejadian anemia gravidarum pada ibu hamil trimester III di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kertosono Tahun 2022.
Metode yang digunakan analitik korelasi. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh ibu hamil trimester III sebanyak 49 ibu hamil, dengan total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Hb meter sahli dan angket yang berupa cheklist. Untuk mencari ada tidaknya hubungan antara konsumsi gizi seimbang dan usia dengan kejadian anemia pada ibu hamil (tribulan I dan tribulan III) menggunakan uji kolerasi Spearman Rank (Rho).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan yang kuat dengan arah hubungan positif (+) antara konsumsi gizi seimbang dengan kejadian anemia gravidarum pada ibu hamil trimester III dan ada hubungan yang kuat dengan arah hubungan positif (+) antara usia dengan kejadian anemia gravidarum pada ibu hamil trimester III di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kertosono Tahun 2022.  Responden diharapkan dapat memahami tentang Anemia serta berupaya untuk meningkatkan kesehatan selama hamil untuk menunjang terjaminya kesehatan ibu terutama kesehatan bayi.
Pengetahuan Tentang Kebersihan Gigi Dan Mulut Dengan Gangguan Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut Di SDN Palang Tuban
Authors: Zuly Ernanda Intan , Sumiatin Titik , Su’udi  , Kotijah Siti
Published: May 2024

Kesehatan gigi dan mulut adalah kondisi gigi, jaringan pendukung, serta mulut terbebas dari nyeri serta penyakit, tetapi saat ini kasus gangguan kesehatan gigi serta mulut anak  masih tergolong tinggi, dikhawatirkan dapat menjadi peluang masuknya bakteri dan kuman penyebab gangguan organ tubuh lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan tentang kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengan gangguan kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada siswa SDN Palang Tuban.
          Desain penelitian menggunakan Analisis Korelasi dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, dalam penelitian ini populasi adalah siswa SDN Palang Tuban, pada penelitian ini jumlah sampel sebanyak 103 siswa, Metode analisa data yang digunakan adalah chi-square, Teknik sampling yang di gunakan adalah Total sampling, Instrument penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan tentang kebersihan gigi dan mulut dan lembar observasi gangguan kesehatan gigi dan mulut.
          Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan tingkat pengetahuan baik dengan presentase 68,9% dan siswa mengalami gangguan kesehatan gigi dan mulut sebanyak 63,1% sehingga dari uji chi-square didapatkan nilai p-value 0,601 (tidak signifikan > 0,05), menunjukan tidak terdapat hubungan terikat antara pengetahuan tentang kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengan gangguan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di SDN palang tuban.
          Kesehatan gigi dan mulut tidak dapat ditentukan dari pengetahuan saja tetapi perlu diimbangi dengan perilaku kebersihan gigi dan mulut, penyuluhan kesehatan tentang pengertian, penyebab, dampak dan cara menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut, dan pemberian motivasi mengenai dampak yang terjadi ketika tidak merawat kesehatan gigi serta mulut, diharapkan perilaku mempunyai keselarasan dengan pengetahuan, sehingga terbebas dari gangguan atau masalah kesehatan gigi  mulut.
Pengaruh Pijat Bayi Terhadap Bonding Attachment Dan Kualitas Tidur Pada Bayi Usia 3-12 Bulan di Klinik Unicare
Authors: Tukan Damiana Maria Jari Tukan , Ba’diah Atik , Maimunah Siti
Published: May 2024

Di Indonesia, cukup banyak bayi yang mengalami masalah tidur, yaitu sekitar 44,2 %. Namun, hampir atau bahkan lebih dari 72% orangtua tidak menganggap gangguan tidur pada bayi sebagai suatu masalah. Dalam penelitian ini penulis melihat Fenomena pijat bayi oleh dukun tradisional di daerah Tambolaka Sumba Barat Daya, NTT masih marak dan menimbulkan kematian bayi akibat pendarahan pada otak, dan ganguan lainnya.  Tujuan penelitian untuk Mengetahui pengaruh pijat bayi terhadap bonding attachment dan kualitas tidur pada bayi usia 3-12 bulan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah bayi yang berusia 3-12 bulan yang melakukan pijat di Klinik Uni Care.
Teknik pengambilan data Simple Random Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 80 bayi kelompok kontrol dan 80 bayi kelompok perlakuan. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) dan checklist Maternal Attcahment Inventory (MAI). Analisis yang digunakan yakni analisis univariat, analisis bivariat, analisis multivariate. Hasil penelitian dari  analisis jalur menunjukkan bahwa durasi tidur bayi dipengaruhi langsung oleh pijat bayi dan keterikatan yang aman. Berdasarkan hasil uji beda skor bonding attachment antara pijat dan tidak pijat, sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan yang menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan skor bonding attachment antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pijat (p= >0.001 ; d= -0.113).
Pengaruh Penyuluhan Melalui Media Audio Visual Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Bahaya Seks Bebas Pada Remaja Di SMAN 1 Sukomoro Tahun 2023
Authors: Indriani Sevia , Nikmatul Nikmah Anis , Nirwana Betanuari Sabda , Purnani Weni Tri
Published: May 2024

Pengetahuan seks bebas sangatlah penting untuk remaja dalam meminimalisir resiko remaja melakukan hubungan seks pra nikah. Namun, berdasarkan hasil survey pendahuluan pengetahuan seks bebas pada siswa di SMAN 1 Sukomoro Tahun 2023 dari hasil wawancara dengan 15 siswa didapatkan 10 (67%) siswa memiliki pengetahuan kurang mengenai bahaya seks bebas. salah satu solusi untuk menambah pengetahuan siswa tentang bahaya seks bebas dengan memberikan penyuluhan melalui media audiovisual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan menggunakan media audiovisual terhadap tingkat pengetahuan pada remaja tentang bahaya seks bebas. penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian one grup pretest posttest.
Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 306 siswa dan jumlah sampel 73 siswa yang dipilih dengan teknik random sampling. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini pengaruh penyuluhan bahaya seks bebas dengan menggunakan media audiovisual, sedangkan variabel dependennya pengetahuan tentang bahaya seks bebas pada remaja sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penyuluhan tentang bahaya seks bebas. hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah sesudah diberikan penyuluhan tentang bahaya seks bebas Sebagian besar responden (95,9%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik Wilcoxon dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (a = 0,05) didapatkan p-value = 0,000. Hasil tersebut lebih kecil dari nilai a = 0,05 (0,000 < 0,05). Sehingga, dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh penyuluhan seks bebas menggunakan media audio visual. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya meneliti dengan metode lain yang terbaru.
Hubungan Antara Pelaksanaan Mobilisasi Dini Dengan Kecepatan Penyembuhan Luka SC (Sectio Caesarea) di RSUD HI. Chasan Boesoerie Ternate
Authors: Arfa Kartini , Putri Ardela Mayasari , Tri Purnani Weni
Published: May 2024

Mobilisasi post sectio Caesar adalah suatu pergerakan, posisi atau adanya kegiatan yang dilakukan ibu setelah beberapa jam melahirkan dengan persalinan Caesar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara pelaksanaan mobilisasi dini dengan kecepatanpenyembuhan luka sc (sectio caesarea). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian korelasional. Populasi yang diteliti semua ibu post SC Di RSUD Hi. Chasan Boesoerie Ternate yang berjumlah 30 responden dengan besar sampel 30 yang diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling.
Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Kemudian hasil penelitian dianalisa menggunakan uji spearman Rank. Hasil Analisis menggunakan uji spearman rank diperoleh nilai p value = 0,001 < 0,05 yang berarti H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima yang artinya ada hubungan antara pelaksanaan mobilisasi dini dengan kecepatan penyembuhan luka post SC.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat meningkatkn perannya terkait konseling bagi ibu post partum serta perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui variabel apa saja yang dapat menjadi komplikasi dari Penyembuhan Luka Post Operasi Seksio Seasarea.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Kekurangan Energi Kronik Dengan Media Leaflet Terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Kekurangan Energi Kronik Di Puskesmas Siko
Authors: Nuraeni  , Eka Fitriasnani Meirna , Putri Ardela Mayasari , Firdaus Nikmatul , Yunicha Viridula Erike
Published: May 2024

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Kekurangan Energi Kronik Dengan Media Leaflet Terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Kekurangan   Energi Kronik Di Puskesmas Siko
The Institutional Branding of Jowett and O’Donnell’s Propaganda and Persuasion (1986-2019)
Authors: Snow Nancy
Published: May 2024

Students know the meaning of textbook as a noun to be a compilation of content for the purposes of explanation and setting principles. It is the core or ancillary subject text in a class. A biannual ritual on college campuses for decades was to stand in line in order to resell textbooks back to the bookstore, especially those books that came with a hefty price. Now it’s just as easy to unload them online. Textbooks are often one-time use books whose contents a professor requires all students to absorb for the purpose of passing exams or writing essays. As a scholar, I’m thrilled when I hear that a professor recommends or requires one of my books in a class. My shelves at home include treasured textbooks that brought enlightenment and understanding. These textbooks I keep take on a higher status in the life of the mind. I want to refer to a key subject again and again, so I keep it nearby for reference. In that case, textbook as an adjective refers to something that is a classic in a genre, commonly used in sports or entertainment. Michael Jordan or Kobe Bryant are considered textbook examples of supreme excellence in professional men’s basketball in entirely different eras. But what about textbook examples in our genre? In our field of strategic communications, we need to know about ancillary subjects that inform us over time.
Cybersecurity in Political Studies: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tuncdogan Aybars
Published: May 2024

In recent years the increasing prevalence of technology has elevated cybersecurity from being a niche focus of interest for a small group of specialised computer scientists to a macro-level concern, attracting the attention of scholars and practitioners in political science and international relations. Today governments and military bodies view aspects of cybersecurity—ranging from preparations for cyberwar (a facet of digital geopolitics) to managing responses to cyber events (a facet of strategic communications)—as critical to their national security. However, while this mounting interest among academics has led to a rise in publications in political science and international relations journals, such rapid growth also results in literature fragmentation, where many studies do not sufficiently communicate with each other, and theoretical development remains relatively limited. In this paper, by reviewing the 113 cybersecurity papers published in 53 prominent journals in political science and international relations, I aim to provide an overview of the current state of research in this domain. Overall, this study has implications for the political science and international relations fields, especially the literature on strategic communications and digital geopolitics.
Los estudiantes que compartimos. La formación de los educadores estadounidenses y mexicanos para nuestro futuro transnacional
Authors: Gándara Patricia , Jensen Bryant
Published: May 2024

A medida que aumenta la migración global, millones de estudiantes, tanto en Estados Unidos como en México, inician su formación escolar en un país pero la continúan en el sistema escolar de otro. En este sentido, cada vez es más común que docentes de ambos países se encuentren con estudiantes transnacionales en sus aulas. Si bien en los Estados Unidos se brindan programas de inglés como segundo idioma, las escuelas mexicanas no ofrecen dichos programas de español; además, ninguno de los dos países ha preparado ni apoyado adecuadamente a sus maestros para abordar las necesidades de los estudiantes transnacionales. Ante esta realidad, los capítulos de este libro, escritos por pioneros mexicanos y estadounidenses, tienen el objetivo de preparar y apoyar a los educadores de ambos lados de la frontera para comprender las condiciones, fortalezas y necesidades de los estudiantes transnacionales, ya que los docentes saben poco sobre las circunstancias de la vida de los estudiantes transnacionales y no tienen mucho conocimiento sobre los sistemas escolares del país del que ellos o sus familias provienen. Con recomendaciones para líderes, legisladores, docentes, formadores de docentes e investigadores, Los estudiantes que compartimos describe políticas, prácticas docentes y normas de ambos sistemas, así como ejemplos de iniciativas binacionales para innovar la forma en que preparamos y apoyamos a los maestros que necesitamos para que nuestros estudiantes compartidos prosperen.
Polifonía de las violencias en México. Aproximaciones empíricas y teóricas
Authors: Ruiz Sánchez Joel , Trejo Santos Enrique , Cajas Juan , Cepeda Arellano Yessika Mabel
Published: May 2024

Los trabajos que componen este libro abordan aspectos específicos de la violencia en el contexto mexicano actual y muestran al mismo tiempo las diversas formas en que la violencia asume una dimensión polisémica. Esta perspectiva considera las múltiples dimensiones de la violencia, sus causas, consecuencias y resistencias y trata de comprenderla como un proceso relacional, histórico y contextual que tiene implicaciones para el orden, el conflicto y el cambio social. Los autores de estos trabajos tratan los siguientes temas: los vacíos de poder como secuela de la corrupción asociados a las políticas impulsadas por Felipe Calderón y Andrés Manuel López Obrador; el desplazamiento interno forzado en México a causa de la violencia delictiva; la desaparición forzada en México dentro de un contexto de violación generalizada de los derechos humanos; la relación entre feminicidios e impunidad en el estado de Puebla; la situación de violencia juvenil en Chilpancingo, Guerrero, entre 2005 y 2018; la temporalidad de violencia, destrucción y muerte, y por qué la pandemia de 2020-2021 ha sido un fenómeno de características políticas y sociales que debiera entenderse como manifestación de dicha temporalidad; la trata de personas en su modalidad de explotación sexual; la discriminación como una de las formas de violencia más frecuentes en el ámbito de la interculturalidad; el concepto de violencia de género y violencia vicaria.
Supervivencia vial: cultura del riesgo
Authors: Dorantes Argandar Gabriel
Published: May 2024

La cultura del riesgo es un fenómeno que engloba las razones por las cuales los seres humanos toman ciertos riesgos, la manera en cómo los hacen y las razones que tienen para hacerlos. Por ejemplo, la movilidad es uno de los grandes problemas que enfrenta la sociedad latinoamericana debido al colapso de las ciudades, a un sistema de movilidad precario y a los movimientos migratorios a gran escala. Manejar motocicletas sin protección y con exceso de pasajeros, conducir bajo los efectos del alcohol, no respetar las señales de tránsito y el uso de dispositivos electrónicos mientras se conduce son algunos de los riesgos que algunos seres humanos están dispuestos a asumir debido a las carencias económicas, sociales y políticas que viven en su cotidianeidad. Supervivencia vial: cultura del riesgo es la tercera entrega de la serie de Supervivencia Vial, en la cual varios especialistas de la movilidad, de varios países hispanohablantes, exploran este fenómeno, sus causas y sus consecuencias. Es de suma importancia que la ciencia y el ser humano estén preparados para hacer frente a esta problemática cuya solución parece una tarea imposible.
The formation of a system of liberal economic ideas in the process of economic transformation
Authors: Bataeva Patimat , Bratarchuk Tatiana , Adonina Larisa , Surilov Meir
Published: May 2024

The liberal idea (tradition) in the social sciences originates from the declaration of basic liberal values in the 18th century, namely: individual freedom, equality in the sense of equality of opportunities, the contractual nature of the coexistence of the individual and the state, the protection of individual rights and freedoms. Since the Enlightenment philosophy, the right to life, liberty and property have been recognized as belonging to people for life and inalienable. The idea of individual freedom is indisputable, central to liberalism, and the requirement of the rule of law acts as an instrument of social control. Thus, the classical liberal tradition laid the foundations for understanding individualism as a continuous development and self-expression of the individual.
Cerebral blood flow and arterial transit time responses to home-based exercise training in healthy older adults
Authors: Feron Jack , Rahman Foyzul , Fosstveit Sindre , Joyce Kelsey E. , Gilani Ahmed , Seiler Hilde Lohne , Berntsen Sveinung , Mullinger Karen , Segaert Katrien , Lucas Sam
Published: May 2024

Brain vascular health worsens with age, evident by grey matter cerebral blood flow (CBFGM) reductions and lengthening arterial transit time (ATTGM). Exercise training can improve aspects of brain health in older adults, yet its effects on CBFGM and ATTGM remain unclear. This randomised controlled trial assessed responses of CBFGM and ATTGM to a 26-week home-based exercise intervention in 65 healthy older adults (control; n=33, exercise; n=32, aged 60–81 years), including whether changes in CBFGM or ATTGM were associated with cognitive function changes. Multi-delay pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling data were used to estimate resting global and regional CBFGM and ATTGM. Results showed no between-group differences in CBFGM or ATTGM following the intervention. However, exercise participants with the greatest cardiorespiratory gains (n=17; ∆V̇O2peak>2 mL/kg/min) experienced global CBFGM reductions (-4.0 [-7.3, -0.8] mL/100 g/min). Furthermore, within the whole exercise group, cardiorespiratory fitness gains were associated with global CBFGM declines (β=-0.43 [-0.81, -0.04]), but no association was present with ATTGM. No changes in cognitive function or associations with CBFGM/ATTGM changes were observed. Our findings indicate exercise training in older adults may induce global CBFGM reductions, which are associated with the magnitude of cardiorespiratory fitness gains, but do not appear to affect cognitive function.
Unfolded Protein Response: From cellular stress to disease pathogenesis, with insights into platelet biology
Authors: Manoj Pranav , Seetharam Sumanth , Krishnan Anandi
Published: May 2024

Maintaining protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is crucial for human health and disease prevention. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a central role in protein folding and processing, making it pivotal in this process. Disruptions in proteostasis result in ER stress, triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR), which involves key targets such as PERK-eIF2α, IRE1α-XBP1, and CRT. Notably, dysregulation of the UPR has been linked to disease progression in various conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders (such as ALS, Huntington's, and Parkinson's), diabetes, atherosclerosis, lung and kidney injuries, and numerous solid tumors. However, our understanding of the involvement of UPR in heme disorders such as multiple myeloma, neutropenia, and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) remains limited, highlighting a significant gap in research. In this review, we explore the role of the UPR in various diseases, with a particular focus on heme disorders, and discuss recent findings regarding platelet-specific UPR. Further investigation into the role of UPR in these heme disorders, along with the elucidation of cell-specific mechanisms underlying its pathological roles, holds promise for gaining insights into disease mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic strategies.
Family and Personal Factors Predisposing Adolescents to Addiction in High-Risk Urban Areas
Authors: REYES MARIA QUINDE , Bautista Francisco Jiménez , Miranda Nadia Soria , Oleas Daniel , Mascialino Guido , Rodas Jose A.
Published: May 2024

Background: Adolescent drug and alcohol abuse remains a significant public health concern globally, influencing individual behaviors and family dynamics, and imposing a heavy burden on communities due to its associated risks and consequences. Objective: This study investigates the interplay between personal attributes and family dynamics in adolescent drug addiction, emphasising the need for comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: We studied 60 adolescents from high-risk neighbourhoods in Guayaquil, divided into two groups based on their addiction status. Personal factors assessed included emotional stability and cognitive control, while family factors were evaluated using the McMaster Family Assessment Device and other specialised tools to measure family problem-solving and emotional involvement. A combination of Welch t-tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Results: Both groups displayed low scores in cognitive control and emotional stability, with addicted adolescents showing particularly impaired scores. Significant differences were not observed in family functioning between the groups, suggesting similar family dynamics despite differing addiction statuses. However, adolescents with addiction were more likely to have family members also suffering from addiction, indicating possible genetic and environmental influences. The regression analysis identified critical health issues in the family, insufficient family problem-solving skills, and low emotional stability as significant predictors of addiction. Conclusion: The findings underscore the complexity of adolescent drug addiction, influenced by both individual psychological factors and family dynamics. Interventions should address both personal vulnerabilities and family environment to effectively reduce drug addiction rates. Targeted interventions enhancing family problem-solving abilities and supporting emotional stability could be particularly effective. Limitations include the reliance on self-report measures and the cross-sectional nature of the study, which restricts causal inferences. Significance: Understanding the detailed pathways linking personal and familial factors to drug addiction can aid in developing more nuanced and effective prevention strategies tailored to the needs of at-risk adolescents, thereby reducing the broader impact of this urgent public health issue.
Social affective inferences in the era of AI filters: towards the Bayesian reshaping of human sociality?
Authors: Guerouaou Nadia , Vaiva Guillaume , Aucouturier Jean-Julien
Published: May 2024

In a world where our social interactions are increasingly mediated by digital technologies, the possibility to use AI filters to artificially control how we appear and sound to one another is quickly becoming a commodity. Here, we propose the framework of Bayesian inference as a way to question how ``externalizing emotions'' in such a way would affect our social-cognitive functions, both during such interactions and in society as a whole.
Using K-means to Analyze Out-of-Bound Unusual Network Traffic and to Predict Data Theft Malware on a Hospital Network
Authors: Pu Zixuan , Tong Youlang , Ji Qing , Liu Huangguang
Published: May 2024

K-means clustering for anomaly detection in hospital networks represents a novel and significant approach due to its ability to effectively identify unusual patterns indicative of potential security threats in a complex and high-throughput environment. The study details the methodology for data collection, feature selection, and clustering, demonstrating how the integration of domain-specific knowledge enhances the accuracy and robustness of the anomaly detection system. Comprehensive evaluation using precision, recall, and F1-score metrics, along with detailed case studies, illustrates the system's effectiveness in detecting diverse anomalies such as data theft malware, unauthorized access attempts, and botnet activities. The proposed system not only achieves high performance compared to traditional methods but also offers scalability and efficiency, making it an invaluable tool for real-time network monitoring in healthcare settings. The research highlights the importance of continuous monitoring and adaptive security measures to safeguard sensitive healthcare data against evolving cyber threats.
Improving Generalization Beyond Training Data with Compositional Generalization in Large Language Models
Authors: Ho-tin Wong , Yip Gar-lai
Published: May 2024

Enhancing compositional generalization in language models addresses a crucial challenge in natural language processing, significantly improving their ability to understand and generate novel combinations of known concepts. The investigation utilized the Mistral 7x8B model, employing advanced data augmentation and refined training methodologies to enhance performance. By incorporating diverse and challenging compositions during training, the model demonstrated substantial gains in standard evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Specialized metrics such as compositional accuracy and contextual coherence also showed marked improvement, reflecting the model's enhanced capacity to generate correct and contextually relevant outputs when faced with novel compositions. The study further highlighted a significant reduction in hallucination rates, underscoring the model's increased logical consistency and factual accuracy. This reduction was statistically significant, indicating a robust enhancement in the model's performance. Qualitative analysis corroborated these findings, revealing more coherent narratives and accurate information retrieval in the generated responses. These improvements are particularly important for real-world applications where the reliability and contextual appropriateness of language models are essential. The comprehensive evaluation demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed compositional generalization techniques, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms that contribute to improved model performance. The findings underscore the importance of iterative experimentation and validation in refining model architectures and training techniques. By advancing the generalization capabilities of language models, this research contributes to the development of more robust, flexible, and reliable AI systems capable of handling a broader range of linguistic tasks with greater accuracy and contextual understanding.
Examining the effectiveness of tropospheric correction methods on improving InSAR displacement measurements
Authors: Madahi Sahar , Emadi Seyed Rohallah
Published: May 2024

The tropospheric effect is a significant error source in radar observations. To accurately calculate displacement fields, it is essential to apply advanced techniques to mitigate the tropospheric effect in the interferograms. This study examines land subsidence in Tehran province, Iran, using Sentinel-1A data from 2014 to 2021. Methods such as the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service (GACOS), ray tracing, and a new integration method were utilized to estimate the tropospheric effect. The integration method and ray tracing technique employed ERA5 reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). In the final stage, the InSAR interferograms were refined using tropospheric corrections derived from these methods. Comparison of the subsidence data obtained from the three tropospheric correction techniques with Global Positioning System (GPS) observations showed that the results were closely aligned. However, the subsidence velocity derived from the new integration approach proved to be the most accurate.
Human Vulnerability to Misinformation is Ubiquitous and Not Tied to Specific Media nor Platforms
Authors: Levine Timothy R , Markowitz David Matthew , Serota Kim
Published: May 2024

The idea that sharing on social media reduces ability to discriminate truthful from misleading information is narrowly grounded. The broader context of deception needs to be considered.
Teaching is associated with the transmission of opaque culture and leadership across 23 egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies
Authors: Garfield Zachary H , Lew-Levy Sheina
Published: May 2024

Despite extensive work on the evolution of cooperation, the roles of teaching and leadership in transmitting opaque cultural norms—foundations of cooperative behaviors—are underexplored. Similarly, while teaching is well-studied in the evolution of instrumental culture, little attention is given to its role in transmitting opaque culture, such as social values and norms. Transmitting opaque culture often requires teaching, and group leaders are well-positioned to facilitate this process. Using comparative ethnographic data, we explore teaching, leadership, and instrumental versus opaque culture, addressing three questions: Is opaque culture primarily transmitted via teaching, which age groups are the primary learners of opaque cultural norms, and whether leaders are disproportionately involved in teaching? Drawing on data from the ethnographic record of 23 egalitarian foraging societies, we find teaching is more strongly associated with transmitting cultural values and kinship knowledge than subsistence skills and is closely linked to opaque culture and leadership. Leader-directed teaching may drive cooperation, suggesting new research avenues.
Daily Relatedness Predicts Positive Shifts in World Beliefs: Implications for Psychological Well-Being and Affective Tendencies
Authors: Lemay Edward , Cutri Jennifer , Or Ronald Teng
Published: May 2024

Primal world beliefs – beliefs about the general character of the world – are associated with a variety of indicators of well-being, but little is known regarding the predictors of changes in these beliefs. In the current research, we examined the role of daily relatedness – rewarding, intimate, and responsive interactions in day-to-day life – in predicting change in primal world beliefs over a year. In a dyadic study of romantic couples (N = 235 couples and 6,411 daily observations), daily general relationship quality, high-quality interactions with strong ties (i.e., close or familiar interaction partners), and satisfaction and responsiveness within romantic relationships were associated with seeing the world as generally better and more Enticing a year later. In addition, these positive shifts in world beliefs partially explained the prospective effects of daily relatedness on greater well-being and lower depressed affect. This research provides novel support for retrospective models of world belief change, specifically with regard to mundane interpersonal experiences, and suggests that positive shifts in world beliefs may be one of the processes that explains the psychological benefits of relatedness.
Preliminary Validity for a Brief Caregiver-Report Screener for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Children Under Age 8
Authors: Hennefield Laura , Chen Christina , Agali Uchechukwu , Luby Joan
Published: May 2024

Objective: Children as young as preschool-aged can experience suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). Despite calls for increased youth suicide risk screening and assessment, we lack tools for identifying the youngest children experiencing STBs who might be at heighted risk for suicide, self-harm, and related distress. Clinician and caregiver skepticism about children's ability to self-report STBs and concerns about negative effects of directly asking children about STBs contribute to this gap. A caregiver-report measure would address these concerns and give providers a much-needed tool for assessing STBs in young children.Method: A 4-item caregiver-report suicide-risk screener was developed and administered to caregivers of 80 children aged 4-7 years (Mage=6.06; SD=1.12) from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds. Caregivers and children independently completed an age-appropriate clinical diagnostic interview to assess STBs. Children with a history of STBs were oversampled.Results: Of the 80 suicide-risk screeners administered, 18 were positive (caregiver endorsed at least one item). Relative to caregiver diagnostic interviews, the caregiver-STB screener showed 85% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity for detecting STB risk. Additionally, relative to either caregiver or child diagnostic interviews, the screener showed 68% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity for detecting STB risk. Conclusion: The caregiver-STB screener for children under age 8 demonstrates favorable psychometric properties when compared to a reference standard. If further validated, this screener could offer clinicians a new brief tool to assess suicide risk and related mental health issues in young children. Its high specificity suggests that positive screens should be taken seriously as indicators of risk, warranting further follow-up.
A “field map” of the field of mindset
Authors: Buchanan Ash
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a “field map” of the field of mindset, that includes an overview of some of today’s contemporary communities, a range of lineages and traditions these communities are connected to, and several voices that speak to the emerging future for mindset psychology and practice. This field map is being offered to help readers develop a broad and diverse view of the collective wisdom that exists in the mindset field.
Early Life Exposures and Social Stratification
Authors: Torche Florencia , Nobles Jenna
Published: May 2024

Adverse environmental exposures—war and violence, natural disasters, escalating heat, worsening air quality—experienced in pregnancy are consequential for multiple domains of well-being over the life course, includinghealth, cognitive development, schooling, and earnings. Though these environmental exposures become embodied via biological processes, they are fundamentally sociological phenomena: Their emergence, allocation, and impact are structured by institutions and power. As a result, early-life environmental exposures are a critical part of the sociological understanding of stratification, intergenerational mobility, and life course trajectories.We review theory and evidence on prenatal exposures, describe enduring methodological issues and potential solutions for elucidating these effects, and discuss the importance of this evidence for stratification dynamics in contemporary societies.
Biased Perceptions: Social Identity and Evaluations of National and International COVID-19 Pandemic Performance
Authors: Snow Dan
Published: May 2024

Many voters hold misperceptions about their country's performance on important outcomes. One reason is that individuals with a social identity are motivated to view the world in a way that reflects well on their group. This bias can become salient in the political sphere. For example, committed partisans tend to view the economy more positively when their party is in power. In this paper, I expand scholarship on the perceptual bias caused by social identities by considering whether party and Brexit identities shaped perceptions of how countries performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using British Election Study panel data, which includes high quality measures of social identification, I show that both party and Brexit identity were associated with how well the UK performed during the pandemic. Those individuals who were closer to the government end of the party identity scale were more positive about the UK's performance. Those individuals who were closer to the Leave end of the Brexit identity scale were also more positive about the UK's performance and, additionally, were more negative about the performance of other countries. This latter result provides a novel contribution to the literature on perceptual bias by showing that social identities can bias the perception of international, as well as national, outcomes.
Legal Protection for Consumers against Food Products not Labeled Halal (Study at Karang Bongkot Market, Labuapi District West Lombok Regency)
Authors: Raya Ami Hartati Puji , Kurniawan  , Muhaimin
Published: May 2024

This research aims to analyze the form of legal protection for consumers for food products that are not labeled halal. The research method used is empirical legal research, using a conceptual approach, a statutory approach and a sociological approach. Legal protection in the case of food products not labeled halal can be classified in two ways, namely the first by looking at the existence of the Consumer Protection Law which provides guidance and education to consumers to become smarter and more careful consumers in choosing the products they want, p. it can be classified into preventive legal protection. Repressive legal protection, namely the final form of legal protection provided by the State, which can be in the form of fines, imprisonment or other punishments, is by providing legal responsibility for business actors who still do not provide a halal label on their products. We can find legal protection for consumers in the Consumer Protection Law (lex generalis) and the Halal Product Guarantee Act (lex specialist). The protection provided is providing legal responsibility to business actors by imposing administrative sanctions in the form of fines, temporary suspension of production and/or distribution activities, withdrawal from circulation, compensation and even revocation of permits.
Evaluation of Ultrasound Screening Method and Prevalence for Developmental Hip Dysplasia In The Central Anatolia
Authors: Pekince Oğuzhan , Sayar Ferhat , Ercan Emrah Cevat , Köse Özkan
Published: May 2024

Objectives:This study aimed to assess the frequency and subsequent results of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in newborns in Central Anatolia who were admitted to Konya City Hospital and evaluate the efficiency of the existing screening and treatment methods in detecting and managing DDH in infants.
Methods: Total of 10,650 infants were evaluated who had Graf USG screening in Konya City Hospital. İnfants born at or after 38 weeks of gestation were included, while premature infants were excluded. Additionally, we included infants who underwent USG screening between 30 and 90 days after birth, and whose hip development physiology was adequately visualized and assessed during the USG examination.
Results: The study examined 8,695 term infants (52.5% male, 47.5% female) who underwent USG screening between 2020 and 2022. Participants mean gestational age at the time of the first USG examination was 7.94±2.07 weeks. Graf type 1 was higher in males (%97-96,5) and graf type 2 was higher in females (%7,2-7,8). Radiologists prefer to re-examine after 1 month for type 2a(%84,49-82,02) but orthopaedic consultation for type Type-2B, 2C, and type-3. The majority of infants (93.6%) underwent only one USG screening. No patients who continued regular USG control and treatment required surgical treatment requiring osteotomy.
Conclusion: USG is an early diagnostic method for developmental hip dysplasia (DDH), which allows for simple treatment options and prevention of complications. It is a simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive method. Our study supports that regular USG screenings in infants eliminate the need for surgical procedures requiring osteotomy.
Evaluation of Brainstem Auditory-Evoked Potentials in Infants with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Altın Hicran , Akhan Galip , Tunç Bahattin
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the brain functions of infants with and without Iron Deficiency anaemia (IDA) electrophysiologically with brainstem auditory potentials (BAEPs).
Materials and Methods: BAEP tests were performed on 26 healthy infants and 26 infants with iron deficiency anaemia, aged 6-24 months, who were followed through the Paediatric Haematology Department at SDU Faculty of Medicine. Children were classified as anaemic if their haemoglobin (Hb) level fell below -2 standard deviations for their age. All patients diagnosed with iron deficiency anaemia received 5 mg/kg/day of divalent iron glycine sulphate complex in three doses daily for a duration of 12 weeks, to be taken on an empty stomach. Both group were orally administered Chloral hydrate at a dosage of 50mg/kg prior to the BAEP test to induce sedation. The BAEP was recorded at a sound intensity level of 90 decibels, with a frequency of 10 Hertz, and with click stimuli ranging from 1000 to 2000. The BAEP test was administered to the IDA group before and after treatment, as well as to the control group, with a 3-month interval between tests.
Results: 14 (53.8%) of the IDA patients were males, and 16 (61.5%) of the control group were females. Patients with IDA had an average age of 14.4±3.09 months, while the control group patients have an average age of 11.2±4.04 months. Patients with iron deficiency anaemia had lower pre-treatment levels of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, transferrin saturation percentage, and ferritin compared to the control group, whereas platelet and RDW values were greater (p˂0.001). The study compared the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEP) values of patients with Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) before treatment with those of control patients. The results indicated that the III-V interval, showing nerve conduction time, was significantly prolonged in the pre-treatment BAEPs (p˂0.05). There was no significant difference in interpeak latencies between the control group and patients with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) following therapy (p˂0.05). Significant differences were found in the I-III, III-V, and I-V interpeak latencies of individuals with iron deficiency anaemia before and after treatment (p
Evaluation of Ema, Töllner and Rodwell scores in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis
Authors: Özdemir Özmert M.a. , Erdal Büşra , Turgut Musa
Published: May 2024

Introduction: There are no specific signs, symptoms and rapid laboratory tests to definitively diagnose sepsis in the neonatal period. This makes it difficult to diagnose sepsis in newborns in a timely manner and initiate appropriate treatment, or causes babies without sepsis to receive unnecessary antibiotics.
Purpose: Therefore, in this study, we planned to investigate the clinical adequacy and reliability of EMA (European Medicines Agency), Töllner and Rodwell hematological scoring in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Method: EMA, Töllner and Rodwell hematological scoring was performed on each patient. Complete blood count, peripheral smear, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, blood gas and blood sugar values of newborn babies with suspected sepsis were recorded, blood culture, urine culture and cerebrospinal fluid examination and cultures taken when necessary were evaluated. Using statistical analysis, the 'Positive Expected Value and Negative Expected Values' ratios of the scores were obtained, and the performance results were examined.
Results: 95 newborns with a preliminary clinical diagnosis of sepsis were included in the study. These babies were divided into two groups: clinical (n:71) and proven sepsis (n:24) according to blood culture results. Positive and negative predictive values of scoring systems in definitive sepsis diagnosis; for EMA respectively; 21.5%, 56.3% for Töllner; It was determined as 31.3%, 77.8%, and 100%, 77.8% for Rodwell.
Conclusion: Our study showed that clinician opinion and standard laboratory tests are limited in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, and Rodwell hematological scoring is more prominent in recognizing proven sepsis compared to the other two scores .
Adaptation of Ukrainian Higher Education Students to the Wartime Stress Factor
Authors: Byshevets N. G. , Usychenko V. V.
Published: May 2024

The wartime stress factor is a significant challenge for mental health. Ukrainian higher education students have been studying under martial law for over two years. Therefore, investigating their adaptation to these conditions is crucial. Aim: To examine how Ukrainian higher education students adapt to the wartime stressor. Methods: Analysis of scientific literature, surveys, and statistical analysis. The three-wave study spanned from April 20, 2022, to December 19, 2023. It involved 1901 students from various regions of Ukraine. Results: No significant changes were found in students' experiences of psychological problems or harmful habits like smoking and alcohol consumption (p>0.05) during the wartime stressor period. This may suggest that students are struggling to adapt to the war. However, the use of calming medications increased by 0.4% compared to the first stage of the study and by 6.3% compared to the second (p<0.05). Gender and the number of stressful experiences emerged as factors influencing students' use of calming medications. Female students showed greater difficulty adapting to the wartime stressor compared to male students. Additionally, the more stressful experiences students reported, the more likely they were to use calming medications. While being in the center of hostilities can be highly traumatic, it did not significantly affect the use of calming medications. Similarly, the field of study did not show a significant influence (p>0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggest that students have not yet adapted to the war. Developing and implementing psychological and pedagogical support measures for this youth group through physical activity interventions is a relevant area for further research.
Training models of highly skilled cyclists in the pre-competitive mesocycle using a pedal power meter
Authors: Gladysh R.I. , Vynogradskyi B.A.
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The need for systematic improvement of results and demonstration of high sports results, which are sometimes at the limit of human capabilities, substantiates the problem of finding ways to improve the level of special physical fitness of highly qualified cyclists. Studies of the experience of implementing pedaling power control tools in training have shown their effectiveness in various leading cycling countries of the world, which can contribute to improving the level of special physical fitness of athletes in track and highway cycling. The effectiveness of the use of power measuring devices has shown its positive effect in preparing cyclists for highway competitions, which makes it possible to assume the great need to use these devices in the training of track cyclists.
The purpose of this work is to develop and test models of pre-competition mesocycles based on pedaling power data.
Work results. Experimental development and verification of the effectiveness of training programs with means of controlling pedaling power confirmed their informativeness in the process of conducting mesocycles and the need to use them in the preparation and development of training plans for track cyclists for the main competitions of the year.
Conclusions. Based on the data of two macrocycles of 2021 and 2022 training of cyclists, the training and results of highly qualified track cyclists were compared. The intensity of each training session in two mesocycles was established. Structures of microcycles based on power and heart rate data are compared. The training of track cyclists, which includes not only training for power development, but also volume training, has proven to be effective.