bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated Analysis of Seasonal Swells, Wind-seas and associated Wave Energy along the major Indian Ports
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Saha Kamlesh Kumar , Singh Anurag , Bhaskaran Prasad Kumar , Balakrishnan T M , Hisaki Yukiharu , . Rajni
Published: April 2024

An in-depth comprehension and evaluation of the spatio-temporal progression of wind-induced gravity waves encompassing wind-seas and swells in coastal areas are crucial for optimizing the extraction of renewable energy efficiently and identifying ideal locations for planning renewable energy infrastructure. This research offers a thorough examination of the combined potential of average and extreme offshore winds, swells, and wind-seas derived energy along the Indian coastline, utilizing the ERA5 3-hourly reanalysis dataset spanning the past 44 years (1979–2022). The study employs the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) method for extreme value analysis. Among the six major port locations, the most significant rise in swell and wind-sea wave power is identified at Kandla (1.33 kW/m dec-1) in the Arabian Sea (AS) and Mumbai (0.1 kW/m dec-1) during the June–August (JJA) period, and subsequently during September-November (SON). Likewise, the highest increase in decadal wind energy is observed at Mumbai (2.47 W/m2 dec-1) and Kochi (2.39 W/m2 dec-1). Results indicate that both mean and extreme wave and wind energy exhibit substantial swell wave power at Kandla, averaging around 21.05 kW/m (with peaks up to 66.84 kW/m) during the JJA season. Similarly, the peak mean (extreme) wave power generated from wind-seas per annum is recorded at Kandla and Mumbai, averaging approximately 5.81 kW/m (with peaks reaching 62 kW/m) during JJA. The highest mean (extreme) wind energy is observed at Kandla, averaging about 0.51 kW/m2 (with peaks up to 3.65 kW/m2) during JJA, followed by SON. Across the six principal port locations, the analysis exhibits the JJA season as the prime period for maximum energy production, followed by SON. This scrutiny also underscores the significance of considering seasonal fluctuations and local climatic conditions when developing renewable energy initiatives along the coastal regions of India.
Accelerating Depression Intervention: Identifying Critical Psychological Factors Using MCDM-MOORA Technique for Early Therapy Initiation
Authors: Majumder Pratham , Pal Arkita , Dorai D. Ramya , Gopinathan B. , Mallik Saurav , Ahmad Naim , Badawy Ahmed Said , Changalasetty Suresh Babu
Published: April 2024

Background A thorough psychosocial assessment is time-consuming, often requiring multiple sessions to uncover the psychological factors contributing to mental illness, such as depression. The duration varies depending on the severity of the patient’s condition and how effectively the psychotherapist can establish rapport. However, prolonged assessment periods pose a significant risk of patient deterioration.
Methods The comprehensive psychosocial intervention, led by the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach utilizing the Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method, played a pivotal role in identification of the key psychological factors contributing to the depression of the client among the 21 facotrs specified by BDI-II analysis.
Results The integration of the MCDM-MOORA strategy compared to traditional psychotherapy demonstrates a Jaccard similarity coefficient of 0.8, with a minimum error margin of 7% (vulnerability index = 0.57), indicating a significant agreement between the two approaches, both converging towards a similar solution.
Conclusion The implementation of MOORA facilitated the identification and prioritization of key psychosocial intervention strategies, making the process 45.5 times faster compared to traditional methods. This acceleration significantly contributed to the precision and efficacy of the work. Additionally, critical vulnerable factors were identified through ordered statistics and correlation analysis (Pearson (r) = 0.8929 and Spear-man’s rank (ρ) = 0.7551) on the Beck Depression Inventory-II model. These findings were supported by other MCDM schemes such as EDAS and TOPSIS, etc. Moreover, the proposed method demonstrated high stability and robustness in dynamic decision-making environments, maintaining consistency across scenarios adapted by different psychotherapists. Overall, the combined application of MCDM (MOORA) and targeted psychological interventions yielded substantial positive outcomes in enhancing the well-being of individuals with psychological illnesses e.g., depression, cognitive, affective, somatic syndromes.
Chatbot Construction for Business-Oriented Use Cases
Authors: Kováč Jozef , Viktorin Adam , Šenkeřík Roman
Published: April 2024

This paper proposes a reliable way to compensate for the limitations of the current generation of large language models in relation to common business use cases by adapting an automated chat agent with the ability to use self-implemented tools. Using the aforementioned approach, context size limitations were extended using a semantic search database and conversation abilities over a proprietary dataset (as well as a few complementary behavioral patterns) with support for mathematics introduced. The paper clarifies the data extraction and processing methods and the architecture used for agent construction. Lastly, external and implementation-related limitations are mentioned, along with an evaluation of the obtained results.
Eco-friendly sorbents for petroleum and diesel based on macadamia nutshell waste in castor oil-based polyurethane foam for oil spill
Authors: Maia Lana , Neto Thalita da Silva , Perluxo Júlia , Carmo Flávia do , Rosa Derval dos Santos , Mulinari Daniella R.
Published: April 2024

Aquatic environments have experienced profound and severe consequences in recent years due to oil spills and chemical leaks in oceanic and river ecosystems. Because of this, several studies have been conducted to develop sustainable adsorbents with hydrophobic characteristics. Thus, the present research focuses on the development of eco-friendly sorbents from macadamia nutshell waste (MW) in castor oil-based polyurethane foam with different proportions of MW (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) and a granulometry of 28 mesh to assess the absorption efficiency for different oil types (crude oil CB, crude oil SB, diesel S10, and diesel S500). The eco-friendly sorbents (biocomposites) were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, density, and contact angle. The pore morphology of sorbents changed to a partial closed-cell structure with a smaller pore size, and biocomposites exhibited a higher contact angle (119.1º ± 0.4). The oil absorption capacities by biocomposites showed maximum sorption of 7.3, 7.1, 5.1, and 3.9 g.g-1 for crude oils (SB and CB), S10, and S500 diesel, respectively. The sorption results showed that the biocomposites showed good removal of heavy oils (crude oil) compared to light oils (diesel S10 and S500). Among the isotherm models used, the Langmuir model demonstrated the most accurate fit and estimated a maximum adsorption capacity of 5.39, 4.23, 3.24, and 2.69 g.g−1 for crude oil CB, crude oil SB, S10, and S500 diesel respectively, using PU+20% MW. Additionally, PU+ 20 % MW showed excellent reusability during 30, 30, 30, and 10 cycles of sorption-desorption for crude oil CB, crude oil SB, S10, and S500 diesel, respectively.
Histopathological manifestations of liver tissue affected by heated and unheated palm oil in Wistar rats
Authors: Ahookhash Maryam , Moradi Makan , ZHaleh Mohsen
Published: April 2024

Palm oil is the most widely used type of oil in the world, which is oxidized by exposure to heat and leads to damage to body tissues and the creation of free fatty acids. This study aimed to show the harm of palm oil in both heated and non-heated states. For this purpose, twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated as follows: control (rats treated with their normal chew), palm oil (rats treated with 7.5% w/w of palm oil added to their normal chew), and heated palm oil (rats treated with 7.5% w/w of palm oil into their normal chew, which had been heated repeatedly 10 times at 180°C for 10 min). After experimental treatments, the animals were euthanized. Liver samples were collected for histopathological assessment by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In the groups treated with heated and unheated palm oil, signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were observed at different proportions. Histological evidence is an indication that heated and unheated palm oils can cause various degrees of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, the consumption of palm oil, especially when heated, may not be completely safe.
Space Situational Awareness: Conjunction-based Collision Analysis Among Debris and Active Assets in Space
Authors: name Saksha NO family , Shivarajaiah Aishwarya , Ali Tanweer , Vaz Aldrin , Yadav Manish , Hegde Navya
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the escalating concern of space debris and its threats to space assets has driven the need for advanced analysis. This study’s primary objective is to analyze satellite data for collision prediction. Specialized algorithms have been developed to forecast orbital trajectories, assess proximity between objects, conduct conjunction analyses, visualize paths, and compare the conjunction analysis results with theoretical expectations. Extensive satellite data and the PYTHON coding platform were used, to predict orbital paths, distances between objects, and potential collisions within 24 hours. Key PYTHON libraries, including MATPLOTlib, SKYFIELD, PYTZ, Numpy, and Pandas, were utilized. The proposed algorithm accurately predicted orbital paths and distances, with a focus on x, y, and z coordinates. Notably, the algorithms can predict potential collisions within 24 hours. An extended version accommodates thousands of satellite input Two- Line Element (TLE) data, enhancing collision prediction. Rigorous validation compared the built-in to manual calculations based on the orbital elements. The study provides a visualization of predicted satellite collisions, emphasizing the importance of addressing space debris challenges for safer space missions.
Defeating Evasive Malware with Peekaboo: Extracting Authentic Malware Behavior with Dynamic Binary Instrumentation
Authors: Gaber Matthew , Ahmed Mohiuddin , Janicke Helge
Published: April 2024

The accuracy of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in malware detection is dependent on the features it is trained with, where the quality and authenticity of these features is dependent on the dataset and the analysis tool. Evasive malware, that alters its behavior in analysis environments, is challenging to extract authentic features from where widely used static and dynamic analysis tools have several limitations. However, Dynamic Binary Instrumentation (DBI) allows deep and precise control of the malware sample, thereby facilitating the extraction of authentic behavior from evasive malware. Considering the limitations of malware analysis for use with AI, this research had two primary objectives: investigation of the evasive techniques used by modern malware and the creation of Peekaboo, a DBI tool to extract authentic data from live malware samples. Peekaboo instruments and defeats evasive techniques that target analysis tools and virtual environments. A dataset of 20,500 samples was assembled and each sample was run for up to 15 minutes to observe not only the anti-analysis techniques used but also its complete behavior. Peekaboo outperforms other tools on several fronts, it is the only tool to measure start and completion rates, capture the executed Assembly (ASM) instructions, record all network traffic and implements the largest coverage against evasive techniques.
Research on the spatial layout of military defense system in Zhuanglangwei defense zone of Gansu Town in the Ming Dynasty
Authors: Ye Minghui , Miao Lu , Meng Xiangwu , Pei Qiangqiang
Published: April 2024

The Zhuanglang Defense Area is the geographical area of the Zhuanglang Road Defense Area under the jurisdiction of Gansu Town of the Ming Great Wall. It forms a circular defense against external invasion with the northwest Liangzhou Defense, the southwest Xining Defense Area, and the east Lanzhou Defense. Due to the strategic position and geographical advantage of the defense area, it forms a unique spatial structure and layout characteristics of the Great Wall defense system. By using GIS methods such as elevation analysis, neighbor analysis, density analysis, surface cost analysis, and shortest path analysis, this study explores the spatial characteristics of military settlements in the Zhuanglangwei defense area, revealing their spatial structure, geographical location, and influencing factors, providing a theoretical basis for the protection of historical relics in the Zhuanglangwei area.
Binary droplet collisions in bioprinting: Influence of material properties on mixing and repeatability
Authors: Ruiz-Gutierrez Elfego , Hasslberger Josef , Klein Markus , Dalgarno Kenny , Chakraborty Nilanjan
Published: April 2024

The study of suspended binary droplet collisions is an active research topic that has gathered interest due to its complexity and its industrial applications such as bioprinting.

For many techniques that rely on the collision of two droplets, the quality of the outcome depends on the mixing process that begins when the droplets come in contact with each other.

In this work, we study how the difference in material properties of colliding droplets, such as viscosity and surface tension, influence the mixing process.

Employing multiphase direct numerical simulations, the distribution of the impinging liquids and the structure of the flow field have been analysed to find ways of mixing and process repeatability optimisation.

To analyse the effects that differences in viscosity and surface tension have in the mixing process, the flows emerging from the collision are analysed.

The differences in viscosity and surface tension have also been demonstrated to affect the trajectory of the centre of mass and morphology of the droplets upon collision, and thus could have implications from the point of view of process repeatability.
Climatic drivers of chytrid prevalence in the critically endangered Admirable Redbelly Toad
Authors: Pontes Mariana Retuci , Abadie Michelle , Ribeiro Luisa , Augusto-Alves Guilherme , Borges-Martins Márcio , Becker C. Guilherme , Toledo L. Felipe
Published: April 2024

Global warming is driving shifts in rainfall and temperature patterns, and projections indicate an increase in frequency and intensity of climate anomalies. These changes influence wildlife disease dynamics, affecting pathogen development, host behavior, physiology, and disease susceptibility. Understanding the intricate interplay between climatic anomalies and emerging pathogens in amphibian is essential to inform conservation efforts targeted towards this highly threatened vertebrate group. In-situ research is recommended as a conservation action by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN 2023) for the microendemic and Critically Endangered amphibian Melanophryniscus admirabilis (Admirable Redbelly Toad). We therefore investigated the seasonal climatic fluctuations and climatic anomalies affecting infections by the waterborne chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in this sole surviving population, which holds significant conservation concern. We found links between high Bd prevalence, monthly low rainfall and rainfall deficit. Additionally, an increase in Bd prevalence was associated with temperatures exceeding historical averages. These findings suggests that climatic anomalies play a crucial role in Bd transmission and infection status among toads, probably due their aggregation behavior in few available pools during drier and warmer periods. Despite the current low prevalence of Bd and infection loads, the projected escalation of climatic anomalies might render M. admirabilis uniquely susceptible to synergistic interactions between Bd and extreme climatic conditions. The insights gained from this study can improve the conservation efforts and underscore the intricate relationship between climatic anomalies and chytrid infection, shedding light on potential vulnerabilities within threatened amphibian populations.
Improving LoRaWAN Localization in Industrial Environments Using Merging Path-Loss Modeling with Extended Kalman Filtering and adopting Map-Matching
Authors: Moradbeikie Azin , Keshavarz Ahmad , lopes sergio
Published: April 2024

In industrial environments, accurate location information is crucial in enabling the seamless operation of technologies. Localization based on the signal features of the implemented network (such as RSSI) is becoming an appropriate substitute to solve its problems, such as low power consumption and cost. LoRaWAN, a contemporary LPWAN technology, can provide long-range coverage, an important requirement for several industrial application domains. RSSI-based localization in LoRaWAN is a widely used low-cost method, but it is susceptible to environmental changes and noise, leading to low performance and accuracy especially in industrial environments. So, applying an adoptable noise-filtering method based on the environment, to make measured RSSI usable in industrial applications such as asset management localization and tracking, is essential. This paper proposes a novel method that merges an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) with Path-Loss modeling (PLM) for noise filtering in LoRaWAN system. Additionally, we incorporate map considerations to further improve the accuracy of location estimation. For the evaluation step, the proposed method is implemented and tested in a harbor in a highly dynamic and harsh industrial environment. The detailed evaluation demonstrates that the proposed approach leads to an improvement between 15% and 46% compared to normal PLM. In addition, adding map-matching leads to a 36% improvement in location estimation.
The Impact of Social Determinants on Receipt of Adjuvant Radiation Nationally Following Atypical Meningioma Surgery
Authors: Chisango Zvipo M. , Ugochukwu Obiadada , Zhi Xiaojie , Zhong Jim , Eaton Bree , Shu Hui-Kuo , Jahangiri Arman , Bray David , Hoang Kimberly
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
We aimed to identify socioeconomic gaps in the administration of adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with atypical meningioma and secondarily to determine differences in survival between patients receiving radiation and those not receiving radiation at 12 and 60 months.
Methods:
The National Cancer Database was queried for patients receiving atypical meningioma surgery between 2004 and 2019. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the association between receipt of adjuvant radiation and social determinants. Secondarily, KM curves were used to compare overall patient survival between those that received radiation and those that did not.
Results:
Adjuvant radiation was less likely to be administered to patients over 65 (95% CI =0.53- 22 0.77) and more likely to be administered to males (95% CI =1.07-1.38). Compared to the Southern USA, patients were more likely to receive radiotherapy in the Northeastern (95% CI 24 =1.40–2.05), Midwestern (95% CI =1.06-1.54), and Western parts of the USA (95% 25 CI =1.31-2.00). Patients residing furthest from their facility were less likely to receive radiation (95% CI =0.65-0.98). Insured patients were more likely to receive radiation (p = 0.048) than uninsured patients. On multivariate analysis, no differences were found between racial groups regarding adjuvant radiation. For patients unstratified, radiation was shown to improve survival at 12 and 60 months.
Conclusion:
Disparities exist in the administration of adjuvant radiotherapy for atypical meningioma. Patients over 65, women, those residing in the southern USA, those living further from their facilities and uninsured patients are less likely to receive radiation than their counterparts.
Analysis Of Mechanical and Microstructural Properties Of Geopolymer Concrete Using Nano TiO2
Authors: Theja A. Ravi , Gopala K. V.S. , Murthy N R Dakshina , Potluri Sankar Babu , Sashidhar C.
Published: April 2024

Geopolymer concrete (GPC), an eco-friendly building material, is instinct by alkaline liquids to act as a binder in concrete. GPC evinces many outstanding properties such as rapid strength, less shrinkage, less creep, superior withstand against sulfate, and chloride attack. The present study is to explore the response of nano titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) on Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) based GPC at ambient curing. As an initial study, GPC with 10 M was carried out for different ratios of Na2SiO3 to NaOH solutions between 1.5 to 3.5. Out of all mixes, the alkaline activator ratio harmonized to the highest compressive strength was ascertained to be at 2.5. This ratio was kept constant for further study in GPC by increasing the addition of nano TiO2 from 1–5% by weight of GGBS. The effect of nano TiO2 on strength properties, durability studies, and micro structural properties on GPC are studied and discussed at length in this paper.
Autonomous clonal seed production in the dicotyledonous Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Kejian , Chen Wen-Qiang , Xu Liping , Liu Chaolei , Hong Zhengyuan , Lu Hongwei , Rao Yuchun , Liu Chun-Ming , Li Hong-Ju
Published: April 2024

Apomixis enables plants to produce seeds genetically identical to the parent, promising transformative prospects in plant breeding. Although autonomous synthetic apomixis has been successfully implemented in monocotyledonous rice, it has yet to be realized in other species, especially dicots. In this study, we achieved autonomous clonal seed production in Arabidopsis via genome editing, establishing the feasibility of autonomous synthetic apomixis in dicots and providing a novel and promising approach for utilizing heterosis in dicotyledonous crops.
Wie eines von Jean-Jacques Rousseaus Herbarien vor 200 Jahren nach Berlin kam
Authors: Raabe Uwe
Published: April 2024

Das Botanische Museum in Berlin-Dahlem (B) besaß bis zur Brandkatastrophe 1943 ein Herbarium von Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Ein Schreiben des Direktors des königlichen botanischen Gartens, Heinrich Friedrich Link, belegt, dass es 1825 als Geschenk an den preußischen König nach Berlin kam.
Light Environment and Photosynthetic Capacities of Leaves at Different Locations within Eggplant Canopies in a Greenhouse in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Terlizzese Daniel , Lanoue Jason , Hao Xiuming , Zheng Youbin
Published: April 2024

To effectively manage crop production in a greenhouse, it is essential to understand the natural light environment and physiological responses of the plants to light. This study investigated the dynamics of photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) and light quality within the canopies of greenhouse-grown eggplant (Solanum melongena) and the photosynthetic capacities of leaves at different locations within the canopies. The light environment was quantified at 0.2-m intervals within (intra-canopy) and adjacent to (extra-canopy) the crop canopy on both sunny and cloudy days within a commercial greenhouse located in Leamington, Ontario, Canada. Our results indicated a linear decline in extra-canopy PPFD on both sunny and cloudy days, but an exponential decrease in intra-canopy PPFD. The intra-canopy PPFD decreased by 91% and 76% between 0 m and 0.4 m from the canopy apex on sunny and cloudy days, respectively. The lower canopy (0.6–1.2 m) light spectrum consisted largely of far-red light, equal amounts of red light and green light, with a lower percentage of blue light. Parameters derived from leaf-level light response curves indicated that the light-saturated net carbon exchange rate, light saturation point, and light compensation point decreased as the distance from canopy apex increased, whereas quantum yield was unaffected. Thus, leaves in the lower canopy were less efficient at using high PPFD, but they displayed no deterioration of photosynthetic machinery. Based solely on photosynthetic capabilities, leaves between 0 and 1.0 m from the canopy apex should not be removed to decrease the total plant sink strength.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM, 4.0 (PedsQL TM)
Authors: Reinfjell Trude , Jozefiak Thomas
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Livskvalitetsmålet PedsQLTM ble utviklet av James W. Varni, og første gang publisert på engelsk i 1999. Trude Reinfjell og Trond H. Diseth står bak den norske oversettelsen med publisering i 2006. Oversettelsen ble gjennomført etter internasjonale retningslinjer og godkjent av originalforfatteren. Målgruppen er barn i førskole- og skolealder, samt ungdom og unge voksne. PedsQLTM foreligger i fem versjoner tilpasset alder og informant (barneversjonen for 5-7 år, tenåringsversjonen for 8-12 år, ungdomsversjonen for 13-18 år, ung voksenversjonen fra 18-25 år og foreldreversjoner for h.h.v. 2-4 år, 5-7 år, 8-12 år og 13-18 år). Både barne- og foreldreversjonene for 8-12 år, 13-18 år, og ung voksen versjonen omfatter 23 delspørsmål inndelt i fire delskalaer Fysisk fungering (åtte spørsmål), Følelsesmessig fungering (fem spørsmål), Sosial fungering (fem spørsmål), Skolemessig fungering (fem spørsmål). For hver subskala (domene) beregnes det en sumskår. På grunnlag av alle 23 items kan en Total livskvalitetsskåre beregnes der 100 betyr optimal livskvalitet, i tillegg kan en Psykososial sumskåre beregnes (basert på delskalaene: emosjonell, sosial og skolemessig fungering). PedsQL fylles ut på mindre enn 30 minutter. Testen kan skåres manuelt, som krever forholdsmessig lang tid. En SPSS syntaksfil som kan fås av Reinfjell gjør skåringen noe lettere, men forutsetter tilgang til og kunnskap om programmet. For tolkning av skårer kreves det testspesifikk opplæring samt minst 3-årig høyskoleutdanning innen helse- og sosialfag. Nyttig informasjon om PedsQL er også tilgjengelig på websiden www.pedsql.org.
Litteratursøk: Vårt systematiske litteratursøk resulterte i tre norske publikasjoner og to publikasjoner fra to svenske studier (PedsQLTM 8-12 år og 13-18 år, selv- og foreldrerapportering). Ingen publikasjoner for øvrige versjoner. Intet nasjonalt normgrunnlag foreligger, kun en representativ studie fra den generelle populasjon i Sør-Trøndelag (13-15 år). To av de norske studiene omfatter kliniske populasjoner med et kasus-kontroll design.
Psykometri: Vi fant et begrenset dokumentasjonsgrunnlag for de psykometriske egenskapene ved den norske PedsQLTM. Det foreligger i dag intet norsk normmateriale, men en tilfredsstillende validering av instrumentet for aldersgruppen 13-15 år. Det er holdepunkter for en firefaktormodell. Instrumentet har tilfredsstillende reliabilitet for alle delskalaene (>0.70).
Konklusjon: PedsQLTM representerer et lovende livskvalitetsinstrument for barn og ungdom i Norge, relevant for både klinisk og forskningsmessig bruk. Tilfredsstillende validering av instrumentet er vist for aldersgruppen 13-15 år. Instrumentet anbefales derfor spesielt for denne aldersgruppen.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL)
Authors: Martinussen Monica , Siqveland Torill
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) ble første gang publisert i USA i 1995 (Mullen, 1995) som en test for å kartlegge kognitive evner hos barn i alderen 0-68 mnd. Forlaget Pearson eier rettighetene til testen og er også forhandler av den. Det finnes ingen norsk manual for testen. Testen består av til sammen fem skalaer som kartlegger barnets grovmotorikk, visuelle oppfattelse, finmotorikk, reseptivt språk og ekspressivt språk. I tillegg beregnes også en totalskåre basert på alle spørsmålene (The Early Learning Composite Score). Det tar mellom 30 og 60 minutter å administrere testen, avhengig av barnets alder. Det stilles krav om høy kompetanse hos den som skal anvende testen, for eksempel utdanning som psykolog eller pedagog.
Litteratursøk: Det ble gjennomført et systematisk litteratursøk etter norske og skandinaviske artikler som kunne belyse de psykometriske egenskapene til testen. Det ble funnet til sammen 10 studier, men ingen av disse viste seg å være undersøkelser av de psykometriske egenskapene til testen.
Psykometri: To av de norske artiklene rapporterte gjennomsnittstall for små kliniske grupper.
Konklusjon: Det finnes altså ikke dokumentasjon på testens psykometriske egenskaper basert på norske eller skandinaviske studier.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Ages and Stages Questionnaires(ASQ)
Authors: Martinussen Monica , Valla Lisbeth
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Ages & Stages Questionnaires ble utviklet på 80-tallet i USA som et screeningsverktøy for sped- og småbarn for å kartlegge utviklingsnivå (Squires, Bricker & Potter, 1997). Instrumentet ble oversatt til norsk i 2001-2002 av Harald Janson, Beathe Enoksen og Kristin Furuholmen ved Psykologisk institutt, UiO. Ulike versjoner av spørreskjemaet (til sammen 19) finnes for aldersgruppene 4 mnd. til 60 mnd. Den norske testen og manualen forhandles av RBUP Øst og Sør. Testen består av til sammen 30 spørsmål som summeres opp i seks delskalaer og eventuelt en totalskåre. Det tar 10-20 minutter å besvare spørsmålene for foreldrene. Det stilles krav om relevant utdanning og opplæring for å kunne anvende testen. Testen er tenkt brukt både klinisk og til forskning.
Litteratursøk: Det systematiske litteratursøket resulterte i 24 treff hvorav seks oppfylte inklusjonskriteriene. I tillegg ble den norske manualen lagt til grunn. De inkluderte studiene rapporterte resultater fra fire ulike studier. Søket etter dokumentasjon for de svenske og danske versjonene resulterte i én artikkel som belyste testens validitet.
Psykometri: De inkluderte publikasjonene rapporterte gjennomsnittsskårer for testen, alfaverdier og test-retest reliabilitet. Median alfaverdi for totalskåren > 0,80 og test-retest reliabilitet > 0,70. Det foreligger norske normer, men utvalgene som disse er basert på er for enkelte aldersgrupper noe små.
Konklusjon: Testens totalskåre har god reliabilitet, mens for enkeltskalaer er denne utilfredsstillende. Det finnes norske normer basert på et populasjonsutvalg med foreslåtte grenseverdier. Testens validitet er kun i liten grad undersøkt på norske eller skandinaviske utvalg.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Parental Stress Scale (PSS)
Authors: Kornør Hege , Richter Jörg
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Parental Stress Scale (PSS) er et spørreskjema med 18 utsagn som foreldre skal besvare for å gi et mål på stressnivå forbundet med det å være foreldre. Instrumentet ble utgitt på engelsk av de amerikanske forskerne Judy O. Berry og Warren H. Jones i 1995. Ane Nærde ved Atferdssenteret står bak den norske oversettelsen. Opplysninger om rettighetshavere foreligger ikke. Tidsbruk og kompetansekrav knyttet til bruk av testen er ukjent.
Litteratursøk: Av 51 identifiserte referanser var det ingen som oppfylte våre søkekriterier.
Konklusjon: De psykometriske egenskapene ved den norske versjonen av Parenting Stress Scale er ukjente. Instrumentet bør ikke brukes klinisk før norske psykometridata foreligger.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Child Outcome Rating Scale(CORS)
Authors: Kornør Hege , Hanssen-Bauer Ketil
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: CORS ble opprinnelig utviklet i USA i 2003 av Duncan, Miller og Sparks for å måle selvrapporterte terapiresultater. Den norske versjonen kalles «Skala for endringsvurdering – barn og unge (CORS)». Den er oversatt av Anne-Grethe Tuseth, og kan lastes ned fra internett. CORS inneholder fire visuelle analoge skalaer som barn i alderen 6-12 år og/eller deres foresatte besvarer ved å markere hvor på en strek fra trist ansikt til glad ansikt barnet befinner seg. Administrering og skåring tar få minutter, og det stilles ingen kompetansekrav til testbrukere.
Litteratursøk: Vårt systematiske litteratursøk etter dokumentasjon for måleegenskapene ved de skandinaviske versjonene av CORS identifiserte ingen relevante publikasjoner.
Konklusjon: Det foreligger ingen dokumentasjon for måleegenskapene ved den norske versjonen av CORS. Studier som undersøker måleegenskaper er derfor nødvendig.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Child Session Rating Scale (CSRS)
Authors: Hanssen-Bauer Ketil , Kornør Hege
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Children Session Rating Scale (CSRS) ble opprinnelig utviklet i USA i 2003 av Duncan, Miller og Sparks for å måle alliansen i psykoterapi med barn innenfor rammen av det de har kalt Klient- og resultatstyrt praksis (KOR). Den norske versjonen av CSRS kalles «Skala for samtalevurdering – barn og unge (CSRS)». Den er oversatt av Anne-Grethe Tuseth, og kan lastes ned fra internett. CSRS inneholder fire visuelle analoge skalaer som barn besvarer ved å markere på en strek fra trist ansikt til glad ansikt. Administrering og skåring tar få minutter, og det stilles ingen kompetansekrav til testbrukere.
Litteratursøk: Vårt systematiske litteratursøk etter dokumentasjon for måleegenskapene ved de skandinaviske versjonene av CSRS identifiserte ingen relevante publikasjoner.
Konklusjon: Det foreligger ingen dokumentasjon på måleegenskapene ved den norske versjonen av CSRS. Studier som undersøker måleegenskaper er derfor nødvendig.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Eating Disorder Inventory, versjon 3 (EDI-3)
Authors: Kaiser Sabine , Martinussen Monica
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) ble utviklet av Garner, Olmstead og Polivy i 1983. Den ble oversatt til norsk av Øyvind Rø og Jan H. Rosenvinge. Den tredje versjonen av EDI ble publisert i 2004 og er en revidert utgave av EDI-2. EDI-3 er et selvrapporteringsinstrument for ungdom fra 13 år til voksen alder, som måler symptomer og psykologiske trekk som er relatert til spiseforstyrrelser og består av 91 spørsmål fordelt på tolv delskalaer.
Litteratursøk: Litteratursøket etter norske, danske og svenske artikler med informasjon om de psykometriske egenskaper av EDI-3, identifiserte én dansk og én svensk studie. De psykometriske egenskapene, normer og faktorstrukturen til måleinstrumentet ble undersøkt blant voksne kvinnelige pasienter med spiseforstyrrelser og friske kvinner i begge studiene.
Psykometri: Indre konsistens var god til utmerket for de tolv delskalaene og lå mellom 0,75 og 0,92 for pasientgruppen basert på den danske studien og mellom 0,70 og 0,92 basert på pasientgruppen i det svenske utvalget. Faktorstrukturen har blitt bekreftet gjennom konfirmerende faktoranalyse for både pasient- og kontrollgruppen, og EDI-3 diskriminerte godt mellom pasient- og kontrollgruppen noe som styrker begrepsvaliditeten til testen. Sensitivitet og spesifisitet var svært god for seks av 12 delskalaer basert på den svenske normstudien.
Konklusjon: Litteratursøket identifiserte ingen studier som har brukt EDI-3 i Norge, så de psykometriske egenskapene til den norske testversjonen er det derfor ikke mulig å si noe sikkert om. Testen er undersøkt blant svenske og danske utvalg. Generelt med gode resultater angående de psykometriske egenskapene, men en del forskjeller mellom landene ble avdekket i forhold til gjennomsnittstall og cut-off verdier. Dette indikerer et behov for å etablere egne norske normer.
Måleegenskaper ved den norske versjonen av Schedule for Affective Disordersand Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children: Present and Lifetime Version(6-18)(Kiddie-SADS-PL)
Authors: Kornør Hege , Skarphedinsson Gudmundur
Published: April 2024

Beskrivelse: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children- Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) er et semi-strukturert diagnostisk intervju for å evaluere nåværende og tidligere episoder av psykopatologi hos barn og ungdom. DSM-IV versjonen ble revidert av Joan Kaufman og kollega. Den norske versjonen er oversatt av Anne Mari Sund og Marianne Aalberg Villabø. Det finns også en foreløpig DSM-5 versjon på engelsk revidert av Joan Kaufman. Rettighetshaveren til den norske og internasjonale versjonen er Joan Kaufman. Intervjuet kan brukes for å evaluere minst 33 psykiatriske lidelser hos barn og ungdom. Gjennomsnittlig tid for å gå i gjennom hele intervjuet er 1,5 time. Hvis intervjuet er administrert til foreldre og barn separat så tar det 3 timer. Rettighetshaveren stiller ingen formelle kompetansekrav, men generelt sagt er K-SADS-PL et komplisert intervju som krever klinisk erfaring og diagnostisk kunnskap for å kunne gjennomføre på en forsvarlig måte. Litteratursøk: Det systematiske litteratursøket resulterte i 257 treff hvorav 14 publikasjoner beskrev K-SADS-PL i norske utvalg og fire publikasjoner i danske utvalg. Disse ble inkludert. De norske studiene rapporterte aktuelle forekomster, inter-rater reliabilitet eller begge deler, og én undersøkte sammenfallende og diskriminant validitet. Psykometri: Inter-rater reliabilitet viste i alle tilfeller utmerket samsvar mellom to eller flere ulike vurderere. K-SADS-PL viste også i en studie at barn diagnostisert med angst eller ADHD hadde høyere skår på dimensjonale mål på henholdsvis angst og ADHD enn barn uten disse diagnosene. Konklusjon: Selv om kunnskapsgrunnlaget om måleegenskapene ved Kiddie-SADS-PL er begrenset, vil det likevel være forsvarlig at kvalifisert helsepersonell bruker intervjuet i forbindelse med klinisk utredning. Intervjuet er tett knyttet opp til diagnosesystemet DSM-IV, med klare kriterier. Utmerket inter-rater reliabilitet for sentrale diagnosegrupper støtter opp om forsvarlig bruk i kliniske sammenhenger. Det er fortsatt et behov for forskning på måleegenskapene ved den norske versjonen av Kiddie-SADS-PL, og da særlig med hensyn til diagnostisk nøyaktighet og inter-rater reliabilitet for spesifikke diagnoser.
Investigating medicinal plants for antimicrobial benefits in a changing climate
Authors: Yetgin Ali
Published: April 2024

As the world's climate changes, there is growing concern about how it is affecting human health, including the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Medicinal plants have been used for centuries and their antimicrobial properties have been recognized by many cultures. This article focuses on exploring the potential of medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity in the face of climate change challenges. The article discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with using medicinal plants as a source of new antimicrobial agents, including issues related to the changes in plant chemistry caused by climate change, and the need for sustainable and ethical sourcing practices. The article also examines the importance of traditional knowledge and cultural practices in the development and conservation of medicinal plants. Finally, the article highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research and collaboration in harnessing the potential of medicinal plants for combating antimicrobial resistance in the context of a changing climate.
Wajah Allah yang Tersembunyi Disingkapkan: Etika Eskatologis Matius 25:31-46 sebagai Locus Allah yang Tersembunyi dalam Menyatakan Diri-Nya
Authors: Siburian Carel Hot Asi , Sitanggang Asigor Parongna
Published: April 2024

AbstractMatthew 25:31-46 is a text that uniquely illustrates Jesus’ concept of the end times. The text shows that faith is not the important dimension in the end times, but attitude and deeds. The cursed and the righteous also do not know that what they “have” done is also for Jesus. This passage is not only present in the tension between faith and unknowing but also as a transformative solution for the people amid the reality of life. Through a narrative approach to Matthew 25:31-46, a construction of thinking will be built that finding the “hidden face of Jesus” is a difficult thing to do (especially for those who are “foreign”) if people do not know that Jesus revealed Himself as the lowly. In practice, the dimension of tension between faith and ignorance is very large in the search for the hidden face of Jesus which makes eschatological ethics precisely present at this time. The result of this study is that the text of Matthew 25:31-46 cannot be read as a justification for the help given to others, without maintaining the tension between faith and unknowing.
AbstrakMatius 25:31-46 merupakan teks yang menggambarkan dengan unik konsep Yesus tentang akhir zaman. Teks memperlihatkan bahwa iman bukanlah dimensi penting pada akhir zaman, melainkan sikap dan perbuatan. Orang-orang terkutuk dan benar juga tidak tahu bahwa apa yang “telah” mereka lakukan ternyata juga untuk Yesus. Perikop ini tidak sekadar hadir dalam ketegangan antara iman dan ketidaktahuan, tetapi juga sebagai solusi transformatif umat di tengah realitas kehidupan. Melalui pendekatan naratif terhadap Matius 25:31-46, akan dibangun konstruksi berpikir bahwa menemukan “wajah Yesus yang tersembunyi” merupakan hal yang sulit dilakukan (terlebih kepada mereka yang “asing”) apabila orang tidakmengetahui bahwa Yesus mengungkapkan diri-Nya sebagai yang hina. Dalam praksisnya, dimensi ketegangan antara iman dan ketidaktahuan sangat besar dalam pencarian wajah Yesus yang tersembunyi yang membuat etika eskatologis justru hadir di saat ini. Hasil penelitian ini melihat bahwa teks Matius 25:31-46 tidak dapat dibaca sebagai pembenaran akan bantuan yang diberikan kepada sesama, tanpa mempertahankan ketegangan antara iman dan ketidaktahuan tersebut.
Relationship between banking infrastructure, innovation and economic growth in Kazakhstan
Authors: Nurgaliyeva Kuralay , Koshkina Olga , Zaitenova Nazym , Kireyeva Anel , Kredina Anna
Published: April 2024

Today, the development of financial technologies and their application in the banking sector have changed the processes of economic growth in general and commercial banks in particular, giving them an innovative orientation. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the banking infrastructure, innovation, and economic growth in Kazakhstan based on panel data. The study relies on information extracted from annual publications issued by the National Bank of Kazakhstan, the World Bank Database, and the Bureau of the National Statistics of Kazakhstan from 2004 to 2022, and also uses a regression model. Within this framework, variables used in the study, the number of ATMs, the number of bank branches, and the share of innovative products, are explanatory variables, and the gross domestic product per capita is the dependent variable. The study showed that both business innovations and the prevalence of ATMs have a significant and noticeable impact on the economic landscape of Kazakhstan, as evidenced by the impressive value of the R-square of 0.890. Moreover, the regression model demonstrates reliable stability and reliability, which is confirmed by the p-value of 0.001. In light of these findings, it is important to contribute valuable insights and evidence-based recommendations to enhance Kazakhstan’s economic growth strategy by leveraging the synergistic potential of its banking infrastructure and innovation ecosystem.
AcknowledgmentsThe study was funded by the Committee Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Investigating the impact of macroeconomic, political, and digital processes on financial sustainability of Kazakhstan” No. AP19674948.
Hábitos de vida, incapacidade física e a relação com a dor lombar crônica não específica
Authors: Araújo Mikael Gleidison de Melo , Fittipaldi Etiene Oliveira da Silva , De Ceballos Albanita Gomes da Costa , Dos Santos Washington José
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: observar a relação existente entre hábitos de vida e incapacidade física e a relação desses dois fatores com a DLC não específica. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, exploratório e analítico, com uma amostra por conveniência de 50  indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade ≥ 18 anos. Os participantes foram avaliados quanto às questões socioeconômicas, demográficas e hábitos de vida; nível de incapacidade física através do questionário Roland-Morris (RM) e Intensidade da dor pela escala visual analógica (EVA). Resultados: A idade média de idade dos participantes foram de 56,9 (DP=8,87) anos, variando entre 34 e 72 anos. Destes, 90% (n=45) dos indivíduos eram do sexo feminino. A percepção de dor se dividiu entre moderada 30% (n=15) e intensa 70% (n=35). Observou-se associação estatisticamente significante entre o nível de dor e incapacidade física (RP 9,86, IC=1,46-66,47). Os indivíduos que não costumavam realizar atividades de lazer apresentaram também maior sensação subjetiva de dor lombar (DL) (RP 0,60, IC=0,37-0,95) e incapacidade física (RP 0,39, IC=0,18-0,88). Também foi observada associação estatisticamente significante entre os ser fumante e DL (RP 1,60, IC=1,25-1,99) e entre a incapacidade física e a DL (RP 1,88, IC=1,13-3,11). Não foi observada associação significativa entre a prática de exercício físico, consumo de bebida alcoólica e alimentação com os níveis de dor e incapacidade física.  Conclusão: No presente estudo foi possível observar forte relação entre a dor e a incapacidade física, bem como o hábito de fumar e interferência na realização de atividades de lazer.
Distribution and transfer of organics in the coagulation–anaerobic hydrolysis–aerobic treatment process of cutting fluid wastewaters
Authors: Zhang Ru Yue , Yu Jing Jie , Han Zhuo Ran , Wang Zhi Rui , Wang Shao Po
Published: April 2024

Two kinds of real cutting fluid wastewater samples (i.e., sample A and sample B) and two kinds of coagulants (i.e., polymerized aluminum chloride (PAC) and polymeric iron sulfate (PFS)) were studied during coagulation experiment, and the coagulation effluent of sample B with PAC was utilized for subsequent anaerobic hydrolysis–aerobic treatment, and the molecular weight (MW) distribution and ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy were used to explore the distribution and transfer of organics of each treatment unit. The results showed that sample A and sample B both mainly contained macromolecular organics with MW > 100 kDa and small molecule organics with MW < 3 kDa, and PAC had significant coagulation performance for organics with MW > 100 kDa in both samples, while neither PAC nor PFS achieved good coagulation performance for the small molecule organics with MW < 3 kDa in both samples. It could be inferred by UV spectra that the coagulation effluent of sample A and B might both contain organics with conjugated double bonds, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the coagulation effluent of sample B might also contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds with low MW. MW distribution analysis and the UV spectra results showed that biological treatment could further remove organics with conjugated double bonds and aromatic compounds with MW < 3 kDa.
Forecasting water scarcity with an optimized Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model under representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios
Authors: Li Cen , Guo Xin , Chen Liping , Khayatnezhad Majid , Gholinia Fatemeh
Published: April 2024

Water Supply issues a formal withdrawal in relation to the above article by Cen Li, Xin Guo, Liping Chen, Majid Khayatnezhad and Fatemeh Gholinia. This decision has been made due to concerns that were raised regarding potential citation manipulation due to inappropriate references, and significant authorship changes during peer review. The journal did not receive a satisfactory response to these concerns and as such the Editors-in-Chief no longer have confidence in the integrity of the article.