bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ice-sheet mass balance at the Last Glacial Maximum from the
GENESIS version 2 global climate model
Authors: Thompson Starley L. , Pollard David
Published: June 2019

At the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) about 21000 years ago (21 ka BP), the
overall mass balance of the Laurentide and Eurasian ice sheets should have
been close to zero, since their rate of change of total ice volume was
approximately zero at that time. The surface mass balance should have been
zero or positive to balance any iceberg/iceshelf discharge and basal
melting, but could not have been strongly negative. In principle this can be
tested by global climate model (GCM) simulations with prescribed ice-sheet
extents and topography.

We describe results from a suite of 21 ka BP simulations using a new GCM
(GENESIS version 2.0.a), with sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) prescribed
from GLIMAP (1981) and predicted by a mixed-layer ocean model, and with ice
sheets prescribed from both the ICE-4G (Peltier, 1994) and CLIMAP (1981) reconstructions. This GCM is
well suited for ice-sheet mass-balance studies because (i) the surface can
be represented at a finer resolution than the atmospheric GCM, (ii) an
elevation correction accounts for spectral distortions of the atmospheric
GCM topography, (iii) a simple post-processing correction for the refreezing
of meltwater is applied, and (iv) the model's precipitation and mass
balances for present-day Greenland and Antarctica are realistic. However,
for all reasonable combinations of SSTs and ice-sheet configurations, the
predicted annual surface mass balances of the LGM Laurentide and Eurasian
ice sheets are implausibly negative. Possible reasons for this discrepancy
are discussed, including increased ice-age aerosols, higher CLIMAP-like
ice-sheet profiles in the few thousand years preceding the LGM, and a
surface of the southern Laurentide just before the LGM to produce fleetingly
the ICE-4G profile at 21 ka BP.
Neurofibrillary Tangles and Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment with Certain Antihypertensives
Authors: Wharton Whitney , Zhao Liping , Steenland Kyle , Goldstein Felicia C. , Schneider Julie A. , Barnes Lisa L. , Gearing Marla , Yasar Sevil
Published: June 2019

Background:

Individuals taking renin angiotensin system (RAS) acting antihypertensives exhibit slower cognitive decline and are less likely to progress from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the mechanism remains unclear.

Objective:

We tested the hypothesis that individuals taking RAS acting antihypertensives exhibit less AD-related neuropathology and slower disease progression than individuals taking non-RAS acting antihypertensives.

Method:

Participants included 83 individuals with MCI who were taking an antihypertensive at baseline, had at least two follow-up visits, and had postmortem neuropathological data. Participants were old ( M = 83.1 years), 32% male, well educated ( M = 15.7 years), and 9.2% Black.

Results:

RAS medication users ( N = 38) were less likely to progress to AD than non-RAS users ( N = 45). RAS users exhibited fewer neurofibrillary tangles than non-RAS users in the hippocampal CA1 region ( p < 0.01), entorhinal cortex ( p = 0.03), and the angular gyrus, inferior temporal, mid-frontal cortex, and superior frontal ( p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

Prevention or clearance of neurofibrillary tangles represents a mechanism by which RAS medications may slow disease progression.
Episodic-Memory Performance in Machine Learning Modeling for Predicting Cognitive Health Status Classification
Authors: Bergeron Michael F. , Landset Sara , Tarpin-Bernard Franck , Ashford Curtis B. , Khoshgoftaar Taghi M. , Ashford J. Wesson
Published: June 2019

Background:

Memory dysfunction is characteristic of aging and often attributed to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An easily administered tool for preliminary assessment of memory function and early AD detection would be integral in improving patient management.

Objective:

Our primary aim was to utilize machine learning in determining initial viable models to serve as complementary instruments in demonstrating efficacy of the MemTrax online Continuous Recognition Tasks (M-CRT) test for episodic-memory screening and assessing cognitive impairment.

Methods:

We used an existing dataset subset ( n = 18,395) of demographic information, general health screening questions (addressing memory, sleep quality, medications, and medical conditions affecting thinking), and test results from a convenience sample of adults who took the M-CRT test. M-CRT performance and participant features were used as independent attributes: true positive/negative, percent responses/correct, response time, age, sex, and recent alcohol consumption. For predictive modeling, we used demographic information and test scores to predict binary classification of the health-related questions (yes/no) and general health status (healthy/unhealthy), based on the screening questions.

Results:

ANOVA revealed significant differences among HealthQScore groups for response time true positive ( p = 0.000) and true positive ( p = 0.020), but none for true negative ( p = 0.0551). Both % responses and % correct had significant differences ( p = 0.026 and p = 0.037, respectively). Logistic regression was generally the top-performing learner with moderately robust prediction performance (AUC) for HealthQScore (0.648–0.680) and selected general health questions (0.713–0.769).

Conclusion:

Our novel application of supervised machine learning and predictive modeling helps to demonstrate and validate cross-sectional utility of MemTrax in assessing early-stage cognitive impairment and general screening for AD.
Iterative image reconstruction for sparse-view CT via total variation regularization and dictionary learning
Authors: Zhao Xianyu , Jiang Changhui , Zhang Qiyang , Ge Yongshuai , Liang Dong , Liu Xin , Yang Yongfeng , Zheng Hairong , Hu Zhanli
Published: June 2019

Recently, low-dose computed tomography (CT) has become highly desirable due to the increasing attention paid to the potential risks of excessive radiation of the regular dose CT. However, ensuring image quality while reducing the radiation dose in the low-dose CT imaging is a major challenge. Compared to classical filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithms, statistical iterative reconstruction (SIR) methods for modeling measurement statistics and imaging geometry can significantly reduce the radiation dose, while maintaining the image quality in a variety of CT applications. To facilitate low-dose CT imaging, we in this study proposed an improved statistical iterative reconstruction scheme based on the penalized weighted least squares (PWLS) standard combined with total variation (TV) minimization and sparse dictionary learning (DL), which is named as a method of PWLS-TV-DL. To evaluate this PWLS-TV-DL method, we performed experiments on digital phantoms and physical phantoms, and analyzed the results in terms of image quality and calculation. The results show that the proposed method is better than the comparison methods, which indicates the potential of applying this PWLS-TV-DL method to reconstruct low-dose CT images.
“FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING FILMS OF LAFUTIDINE”
Authors: Mehta Hir. R. , Patel Vijay K.
Published: June 2019

The present invention was aimed to formulate and evaluate Lafutidine gastro retentive films. The films were prepared by solvent casting technique using different film forming polymers like HPMC and Ethyl cellulose. PEG 400 used as a plastsizer. The prepared films were evaluated for number of parameters like Physical appearance, Weight variation, Thickness, Folding endurance, Tensile strength, unfolding behavior, floating properties, drug content and In vitro drug release studies. From the trial batches the best release for gastroretentive film was shown by formulation T5 (Ethyl cellulose and PEG 400). Formulation T5 exhibited good appearance, better mechanical strength with acceptable flexibility. Also, formulation T5 was given more than 90 % drug released after 12 hr and 97.56 % Drug content.  For optimization of formulation, 32 factorial design was applied by taking Ethyl cellulose and PEG 400 as an independent variables. Drug release at 8 hour and folding endurance selected as dependent variables. Based on drug release study, L8 batch found most satisfactory in all formulation and the effect of Ethyl cellulose and PEG 400 found significant. L8 batch found stable during stability study.

Key words: Lafutidine, Floating Films, Ethyl Cellulose.
“FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF BUCCAL FILMS OF SAXAGLIPTIN”
Authors: Pandit Vipul , Patel Vijay
Published: June 2019

Objective: Saxagliptin is an orally anti-diabetic drug. It has an oral bioavailability of 50% due to first pass hepatic metabolism. To achieve sustained action of drug, reduce dosing frequency, bypass the hepatic first pass effect and improve bioavailability, buccal films formulation was planned.

Methods: Compatibility of the drug with the excipients was studied with the help of FTIR. 23 factorial design was planned using concentration of Sodium alginate, concentration of Chitosan and PEG 400. Solvent casting method was used for the fabrication of films. Weight, thickness, surface pH, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro residence time, % swelling and % drug release were evaluated for the prepared film formulations.

Results: All the films were found have surface pH close to neutral pH and were found to have content uniformity. Mucoadhesive strength was found to increase with increase in concentration of Chitosan. Drug release is more controlled by the high swelling film formers than sodium alginate. Among the film formers, though swelling is more, % drug release is also more from sodium alginate and Chitosan films because of its ionic nature and more solubility.

Conclusion: Because of high mucoadhesive strength and more % drug release, combination of Sodium alginate with Chitosan film formulations was selected.

 Key Words: Saxagliptin, Buccal films
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COLON TARGETED PELLETS OF BUMADIZONE CALCIUM
Authors: Nareshkumar Mr. Shah Akashkumar , Raval Mr. Anil G.
Published: June 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to Formulation and Evaluation of colon targeted pellets of Bumadizone Calcium

Objective: Bumadizone Calcium is an acetic acid derivative, having irritation in stomach. Bumadizone Calcium has short half-life (4hrs) and undergoes first pass metabolism. It is pH-dependent. This research work was carried out to improve the bioavailability, patient compliance on oral colon targeted drug delivery. Bumadizone Calcium sustained release enteric coated pellets were prepared, which minimize the release of drug in stomach for treatment of IBD formulated by Extrusion Spheronization process.

Experimental work done: Enteric coated pellets prepared by Extrusion Spheronization technique. Eudragit S100, HPMC, PVP K30, and Ethyl Cellulose were used as rate controlling polymers. In this study, a pH dependent colon targeted enteric coated pellets was established using 32 full factorial design by giving enteric coating with Eudragit S100. Different Concentration of Eudragit S100 as an enteric coating material (4%, 5%, & %6) and PVP K30 as a Binder (0.5%, 1% & 1.5%) are taken for the measurements of % Drug Release that are performed by using USP dissolution 1 (Basket type) at 50 rpm. The test is performed with gastric fluid (pH 1.2) at 37±0.5 for first 2 hours & then in phosphate buffer 6.8 for 4 hrs & finally in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 for 6 hrs. The prepared formulations were evaluated for drug-excipient compatibility study, flow property, drug content, and coating process efficiency.

Results and Discussion: Optimized batch shown that less than 0.50% of the drug released at the end of 2 hrs in pH 1.2, less than 20% of drug released after end of 4 hrs in pH 6.8 and more than 85% at the end of 12 hrs in pH 7.4.

Conclusion: Bumadizone Calcium Enteric Coated pellets can be successfully formulated by addition of PVP K-30 as a binder and Eudragit S100 as Coating polymer. It was also concluded that prepared formulation minimizes drug release in stomach and avoid side effect of the drug.

Keywords: Bumadizone calcium, Eudragit S100, Enteric coating, extrusion spheronization technique, 32 full factorial designs.
REPRODUCTIVE ATTITUDE OF DAGESTAN PEOPLES: STATE AND TRENDS
Authors: Zagirova E M
Published: June 2019

Reformation of modern Dagestan society has directly affected the sphere of family and marriage. Transformations specific to the family and marriage sphere reflect in the reproductive function of the family and actualize the need to study reproductive processes and factors that have positive and negative influence on the family and family behavior. Ignoring the problems of the family and marriage sphere and deterioration of the principles of reproductive behavior have contributed to negative trends in the family institution. The article deals with reproductive behavior and attitudes of the Dagestan peoples, presents sociological measurement of actual reproductive behavior of mothers, refers to the factors that affect increase and decrease in birth rate, shows changes in the planning of a future family peculiar to modern Dagestan society. The study has revealed various reproductive attitudes peculiar to Dagestan peoples. At the same time, social factors have a huge impact on the process of planning the desired and available number of children, and decrease in the birth rate in modern Dagestan society acquires the status of a socio-cultural problem. Besides, there is a tendency to deterioration of family and marriage values and destruction of the foundations of the traditional family. In the mass consciousness and behavior of the Dagestan peoples, there is orientation toward “having children” during the first years after marriage. However, a certain number of respondents belong to a “career” type of the family, financial and educational status and career are more important for them than the family and family values.
INTER-ETHNIC TENSION AND ETHNIC CONFLICT: CONTENT, FORMING FACTORS, TYPOLOGY
Authors: Shakhbanova M M
Published: June 2019

In modern Russian society, there take place the processes of cardinal transformation of socio-economic, political, spiritual and other spheres of its functioning. This fact conditions an urgent need to study risks and threats to preservation of social stability, sustainable development, strengthening of ties and relations in the Russian society. This aspect is especially important in multinational subjects of Russia, which differ in national heterogeneity of the population, degree of socio-economic development of the territories, variability of ethno-cultural norms and value patterns of social life. The article deals with vital and complex issues related to the phenomenon of “interethnic tension” and ethnic conflicts existing in modern national and foreign science, theoretical and methodological approaches to their study, classification criteria, various concepts of the causes and typologies of these phenomena. The author of the article presents classification of interethnic conflicts according to their stages or forms, to the nature of conflicting parties, which makes it possible to single out conflicts of “psychological stereotypes”, “ideological doctrines”, “political institutions”. In the study of the phenomenon of “interethnic tension”, it is important to establish risks and reasons for deterioration of interethnic relations in multinational administrative entities, the role of the factor of ethnic heterogeneity in the emergence of ethnic conflicts in modern Russian society. National diversity is fraught with various negative consequences, risk of interethnic confrontation and ethnic conflicts as polyethnic communities are more at risk of their appearance than mono-national ones.
ON THE PROBLEM OF THE NAMES ‘COMMUNITY’, ‘COMMUNITY UNION’ AND ON ETHNIC TERMS IN THE LANGUAGES OF DAGESTAN PEOPLES
Authors: Aliev Bagomed G
Published: June 2019

Abstract:The author of the article identifies and describes local names of communities and community unions in the languages of Dagestan peoples. The analysis of various historical, linguistic and ethnographic data shows that peoples of Dagestan use different local terms to denote the village, villagers, and fellow villagers ( ši , šanti , roso , roso cojal , hu’r , hu’rjun vijar , g”ul , g”ulandar , g”ulanžvi , šjaravalu , šiar , šarqi , sevaḳa , ca šjaravallil insan , kent , jurt , bir jurtlu , etc.), which may have been primary and served as the basis for formation of terms denoting larger socio-political structures, such as unions of rural communities. Communities are collectives with a specific territory and a specific place of residence and they had their specific names ( baħara , mja”raka , k”urum , žyjym , etc.), while unions of communities were denoted by the terms bo , ħureba , para , mjag’lal or mjaħjal , which meant larger collectives, such as troops, militia troops, army, a part of something, etc., these words were either local names or were of Turkic origin. The article also covers the problem of ethnic terms in the languages of the peoples of Dagestan. The material presented and analyzed in the article shows that each Dagestan nation has its own ethnic name. The endonym of the Avars is mah̨arulal , the endonym of the Laks - lak , the endonym of the Kumyks - ķumuķlar , ķumuķ (singular), the endonym of the Nogais is nug”ai , etc. The ethnic term Dargo is of special interest as ethnic names of all sub-ethnic groups of the Dargins, which are called darganti , dargan (singular), are based on it.
PEOPLE’S LIBERATIONSTRUGGLE UNDER BAISUNGUR’S COMMAND (1860-18
Authors: Dadaev Yu U
Published: June 2019

Abstract: The author of the article analyzes life and activity of Imam Shamil’s legendary Naib after his captivity in August 1859, the activity of one-eyed, one-armed and one-legged brave Baisungur within the period from 1859 till his captivity by Russian soldiers in the Benoy society in February 1861. Basing on archival documents, published sources and field data collected by the author and Chechen researchers in the mountains of Dagestan and Chechnya, the author considers the main reasons for the rise and development of the people’s liberation movement of the mountaineers of the Benoy society under the command of Baisungur from Benoy, which in official documents of the Caucasian command was called Benoy or Ichkeria uprising. The author emphasizes that the main reason for the Benoyers’ uprising was harsh resettlement policy of the Caucasian command that did not take into account the socio-economic conditions and traditions of the Chechens. Baisungur, who headed the Benoy society for more than 30 years and was Imam Shamil’s Naib, was not the initiator of the renewal of military confrontation with the Russian authorities in the North-East Caucasus, but the fate of the Chechen society, which for the years of the Caucasian war sustained enormous human and moral losses, was the main factor for him. On the basis of analysis of the information published in the newspaper “Caucasus”, the author traces the course of the uprising in 1860 and the last period of life and activity of Baisungur and his relatives until his captivity in late February 1861 and his execution in Khasavyurt Square in March.
MAIN RESULTS OF FIELD STUDIES OF THE NOGAI TRADITIONAL ORNAMENT
Authors: Kuzeeva Z Z , Murtazaev A O , Shaushev K B
Published: June 2019

The article presents new data on the Nogai folk ornament, obtained during expeditionary researches in the Dagestan Republic, Chechen Republic, Astrakhan Region, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Stavropol Territory, and in Moscow and St. Petersburg in 2014 - 2016. These are materials of 83 private collections, expositions and funds of 13 central and regional museums, five archives, and four libraries. Ornamented objects of the Nogai decorative and applied art stored in museums and private collections were examined. These are mainly metal artworks of the 19th - early 20th cc., objects made of soft materials of late 19th - the 1980s, wooden objects of the first half of the 20th century. In some cemeteries of the Nogai District of the Dagestan Republic, carved stone sepulchral stelae (‘syntas’) of the19th - 20th cc. were studied. Two authors albums with traditional Nogai ornaments, unique stencils made of white paper and used as a silhouette base of patterns in felt carpets (‘kiyiz’) and for decoration of clothes, head-dresses, tobacco pouches, shoes, pillows, and blankets were revealed during the field studies and recorded. During the research, all the revealed objects of the Nogai decorative and applied art with traditional ornament were photographed, their detailed inventory and large-scale sketches were made. The stencil patterns and drawings from the albums were copied. As a result of the researches in 2014 - 2016, a database of the Nogai folk ornament has been replenished with 942 objects and 1102 kinds of stencils and drawings.
DZhARO-BELOKANSKIE OBShchESTVA VO VNEShNEY POLITIKE ROSSIYSKOGO GOSUDARSTVA VO VTOROY POLOVINE XVIII V
Authors: Khalaev Z A
Published: June 2019

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Novel Environmental Friendly Fire Retardants
Authors: Bartošová Alica , Soldán Maroš , Sirotiak Maroš , Prachová Michaela
Published: June 2019

Nowadays flame-retardant chemicals are mandatory in many products worldwide, flame-retardant chemicals are mandatory in many products worldwide, since they protect human life and property. Over the past few decades the use of flame-retardant chemicals has increase. Flame-retardant polymeric materials have spawned huge research interest in both scientific and industrial communities due to their broad range of applications in the fields of aviation, automotive industry, construction, electronics and telecommunications. The use of conventional FRs to meet the fire safety standards is of serious importance as they ultimately yield POPs of global concern. Considering eco-friendliness and other required properties, unsatisfactory fire performance is a major obstacle. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of traditional, commonly used flame retardants, as well as an overview of new, more environmentally acceptable alternatives.
Código disciplinario del abogado. ley 1123 de 2007
Authors: Artunduaga Gutiérrez Luisa Fernanda , Trejos Uribe María Fernanda , Vallejo Reyes Juan Diego Fernando , Meza Méndez Eduardo Alfonso
Published: June 2019

Desde antaño, la abogacía como profesión, ha sido el escenario en el que se han vislumbrado grandes hazañas, en tratándose del ejercicio y la capacidad que el abogado puede ostentar, a través de lo cual, logra adjudicarse considerables victorias en las arenas litigiosas; como también, estrepitosas vergüenzas y desdichas, en virtud del incorrecto actuar y proceder del profesional del Derecho.Esto último ha ocasionado que, desde aquellos días, hasta la actualidad, la percepción social, tanto frente a la ciencia jurídica, como frente al profesional del Derecho, sea negativa, puesto que, del Derecho se tiene como referencia que es una de las carreras profesionales por medio de las cuales se aprende a hurtar y a engañar a quienes poseen problemas jurídicos y requieren asesoría y representación legal, lo cual, en consecuencia, ha permeado también la idea o el concepto que se tiene de aquella persona que encarna la praxis de dicho oficio, pues, del abogado se habla, generalmente, en términos de ladrón, engañador, corrupto, entre otras acepciones.
Semblanza - Marie Sklodowska Curie
Authors: Giraldo Buitrago Angela María , López López Tatiana Andrea
Published: June 2019

A comienzos del siglo XVIII, existían diferencias representativas entre géneros y se evidenciaba enormemente la desigualdad que existía entre hombres y mujeres. Los hombres eran quienes decidían todo suceso en la sociedad, desde las decisiones del hogar hasta las económicas, sociales, industriales y políticas. Las mujeres en cambio no tenían derecho a opinar en éstos ámbitos, solo se limitaban a las labores domésticas y a actuar en torno a los deseos y necesidades del hombre, por lo tanto, se dedicaban estrictamente a atender su familia y ser amas de casa. No podían estudiar debido a que no era un género reconocido por su intelecto, de hecho, se creía que las mujeres solo se guiaban por sus emociones y se dudaba ampliamente de sus capacidades intelectuales. Incluso, cuando se empezó a incluir su participación en la educación, ésta duraba menos tiempo que la de los hombres y era de poca calidad y trascendencia, debido a que estaba enfocada en formar buenas esposas, compañeras del hombre y mejores educadoras de su familia, quedando los conocimientos intelectuales en segundo plano ya que no se consideraba a la mujer como lo suficientemente inteligente para entenderlos y aplicarlos.
El administrador de empresas en el sector público: un gerente que fomenta el cambio a favor de la ciudadanía
Authors: Medina Alvarado Iván Leonardo
Published: June 2019

La sociedad actual está demandando de los profesionales ciertas habilidades y competencias, las cuales van más allá de los requisitos mínimos de un cargo, por supuesto este comportamiento no sólo se ve reflejado en el sector privado y como una actividad propia de las organizaciones que desarrollan sus actividades en los diferentes sectores de la economía, el sector público demanda ciertas habilidades, experticia y competencias para quienes se desempeñan en las entidades del sector público (Bonnin, 2004).Ahora bien, el desempeñar un cargo el sector público, ha demostrado con el paso del tiempo que no es suficiente con tener claras las funciones y tareas asociadas a ciertos cargos, la administración pública debe fomentar y en cierta medida garantizar que cada individuo vinculado con el aparato público desarrolle un perfil y habilidades que permitan el curso adecuado de las finalidades del estado mismo (Rodríguez, 2012).De igual forma se dan a conocer los recursos bibliográficos consultados desde los cuales se destaca el protagonismo del administrador en las labores del sector público y como desde el entorno Colombiano cada vez más se suman Administradores de Empresas para asumir cargos del sector público.Por último, se describen las conclusiones y recomendaciones que se generan desde este ejercicio académico de revisar fuentes bibliográficas el cual no desconoce el protagonismo del Administrador Empresas en el sector público.
Actitudes de la comunidad de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, sede Bogotá sobre discapacidad
Authors: Caraballo Martínez Gilma Jeannette
Published: June 2019

Esta investigación muestra las actitudes hacia la discapacidad por parte de la comunidad académica conformada por estudiantes, docentes y administrativos de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina -sede Bogotá, El tipo de diseño implementado fue descriptivo de corte transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. La escala que se utilizó para medir estas actitudes fue la Evaluación de actitudes de los profesionales hacia las personas con discapacidad (Verdugo y otros, 2016). Se aplicó a 141 participantes entre estudiantes, administrativos y docentes.  Los resultados mostraron que la comunidad académica presenta actitudes negativas hacia las personas con discapacidad, lo que puede deberse a que persisten creencias, estereotipos y valoraciones negativas a la discapacidad presentada por la persona, sin considerarse sus capacidades y potencialidades.
Evolución jurisprudencial que ha tenido el derecho a la intimidad (visita conyugal) en la población carcelaria Colombiana
Authors: Sabogal Villa Cesar Alexander , Betancur Duque Edna Victoria , Eusse Palacio Erika Yurany , Ossa García Gustavo Adolfo , Perea Mena Yirfa Mercedes
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como tema central el derecho a la intimidad de la población carcelaria en Colombia, con esta investigación se pretende acercar al lector y la población interesada, a conocer como desde una línea jurisprudencial las diferentes posturas de la Corte Constitucional limitan en gran medida o no el derecho a la intimidad personal. Es por ello que desde la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, desde la facultad de ciencias jurídicas, sociales y humanísticas y desde el programa de derecho presentamos nuestro proyecto integrador de semestre, el cual no solo nos adentrará a visualizar y comprender dicha  problemática desde una óptima más crítica, sino también que nos llevará a construir una reflexión jurídica.Se trata de una garantía: derecho a la visita conyugal,  en el cual internos de las distintas cárceles, tienen la oportunidad de gozar un espacio y momento íntimo con la pareja, sin embargo, mediante medidas restrictivas  de instituciones como el INPEC,  han dado pie a elevar una serie de acciones que culminan en sentencias de la Corte Constitucional, lo que ha terminado en significar  un avance en materia jurisprudencial, los cuales son expuestos en este trabajo para lograr así evidenciar el soporte con el que cuenta dicho  derecho y las variaciones que se han presentado.Cabe señalar que la jurisprudencia es constante a través del tiempo, por ello es necesario conocer cuál es  la actual realidad que se vive en cuanto a este tema, para que los mismos ciudadanos que se encuentran purgando penas, logren identificar cómo ha sido la evolución normativa mediante las sentencias seleccionadas.En conjunto, este abordaje responde a una situación carcelaria compleja, donde la población que se encuentra tras las rejas reclama unas condiciones mínimas frente al derecho a la intimidad y que ha sido restringido  como consecuencia de las condiciones de hacinamiento, pero que en la medida que se  presentan las sentencias  aquí estudiadas, se puede aproximar a una posible línea de corte constitucional  y proceder de los jueces de la república.
巨厚煤层带压开采防治水技术研究与实践
Authors: 尹 宏昌 , 王 宏伟
Published: June 2019

针对煤矿复杂的水文地质条件，开展了水文地质条件分析、水害威胁分析，通过实施综合物探、钻探探查验证以及注浆等防治水措施，实现工作面在底板断裂构造、垂向导水通道发育的条件下，通过对其注浆改造隔水层隔水性能实现安全生产，对完善准格尔煤田带压开采防治水技术体系具有重要意义。
建筑室内装饰设计中现存问题及对策探讨
Authors: 刘 开杰 , 俞 小庆
Published: June 2019

随着社会经济发展与国民生活水平的不断提升，建筑业随之蓬勃发展，当前对于建筑业的要求也更加严格。近年来，建筑行业对于室内装修设计的重视程度正在不断加强，需要室内设计师能够具有较强的建筑专业知识，同时还需要具备较高的艺术修养及时尚设计理念，贴合现代人的审美需求与艺术感受。但建筑室内装修设计中的某些问题仍然比较突出、较为棘手，需要在设计过程中得到合理解决，才能够真正设计出符合现代人需求的作品。
土建工程施工中的高支模施工技术研究
Authors: 廖 彬
Published: June 2019

随着时代的快速发展以及人们日益增长的物质文化需求，人们在不断探求建筑的功能与形式的同时，建筑规模也在增大，由于城市建设的快速发展，土地资源紧缩，如何有效利用空间成为建筑行业实施过程中必须面临和解决的问题。随着社会的不断进步，土建工程也得到了兴起，土建工程的发展对于社会进步有着非常重要的促进作用。其在不断发展土建施工技术的同时，还加快了我国的城市化进程，同时，随着科学技术的不断进步，各种先进的工程技术被应用到建筑工程当中，大跨度大空间工程已非常普遍，为了提高工程质量与保障施工安全，高支模施工被列入重点管控项目，并在工程建设中广泛应用，对土建施工有着积极的影响，另一方面也提升了我国在世界上的地位。土建施工技术的传播使得我国从发展中国家到发达国家之间的距离又缩减了一步，当前土建工程中已经广泛的应用了高支模技术，该技术越来越多的为高层建筑施工提供有效的保障。尤其是自2018年开始高支模技术被列为危险性较大的分项工程，所以在进行施工之前需要编制完善的施工计划，并且还要制定出各种情况的应急预案，从而确保整个分项工程的施工安全，现场的管理需要根据国家法律规定和行业规范严格的落实，任何危险性较大的分项工程如果不能严格的落实安全管理规定，必然要得到严惩。所以必须要高度重视土建工程中的高支模施工技术应用情况及管理。近几年来，我国城市不断的朝着现代化的方向发展，我国高层建筑在土建工程中发展的越来越广泛，高支模施工技术的应用也越来越普遍，但是，当下我国在高支模系统施工设计以及核算方面的相关标准还存在改善的空间，在施工过程中也会出现因设计错误导致的伤亡事故，因此，对高支模系统的设计、搭建等环节进行严格的控制管理是当下土建施工中有待解决的问题，结合笔者工作经验，以土建工程中的高支模施工技术应用为核心进行探讨。
机电安装中机械设备的安装及调试
Authors: 吕 嘉兴
Published: June 2019

随着现代社会的不断发展，科技技术的不断进步，人们对于机电相关方面的工程也提出了更高的要求，要求他们的发展需要更加快速，与此同时也要求其发展的水平也要提高。由于现代各种技术的发展，也带动了现代机械制造更加精良，水平也在不断提升，可以打造出更复杂的机械零件，这直接导致了机电的安装和调试的过程中出现更多问题，就是针对出现的各种问题进行分析和提出解决办法。
罗茨风机异音原因分析及处理方法
Authors: 丁 晓晨 , 姜 忠福
Published: June 2019

文章介绍一起罗茨风机异音故障的事例，对罗茨鼓风机运行中的常见故障，如叶轮与机壳和墙板局部摩擦，叶轮相互撞击、风量过大、主从动轴磨损、轴承损坏等故障，进行了原因分析，并提出和采取了相应的处理措施，通过故障现象及解体检查逐步推敲故障原因，并采取有效的解决办法。
The Effect of Herbage Conservation Method on Protein Value and Nitrogen Utilization in Dairy Cows
Authors: Böttger Christian , Silacci Paolo , Dohme-Meier Frigga , Südekum Karl-Heinz , Wyss Ueli
Published: June 2019

Ruminant production systems frequently rely on grassland utilization and conservation of herbage as hay or silage. Conservation affects the crude protein (CP) composition and protein value, which is particularly recognized during ensiling. The aim of the current study was to describe the effect of the conservation method on forage protein value and N utilization in dairy cows. Herbage from the same sward was cut and conserved as silage (SI), barn-dried hay (BH), or field-dried hay (FH). Laboratory evaluation indicated differences in CP fractions and ruminal degradability of CP. Conserved forages were fed to six lactating Holstein cows in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, and N balance was assessed. Partitioning of N into milk, feces, and urine was affected only moderately. Lower concentrations of serum, milk, and also urinary urea indicated lower N turnover for FH compared to SI and BH, likely due to lower N intake for FH. However, the use efficiency of feed N for milk N did not differ between the types of forage. Further, high CP concentrations and the unbalanced concentrations of CP and energy in the forages led to excess excretion of N in all treatments and presumably superimposed effects of the conservation method on N utilization.
The Impact of Heat Load on Cattle
Authors: Lees Angela M. , Sejian Veerasamy , Wallage Andrea L. , Steel Cameron C. , Mader Terry L. , Lees Jarrod C. , Gaughan John B.
Published: June 2019

Heat stress and cold stress have a negative influence on cattle welfare and productivity. There have been some studies investigating the influence of cold stress on cattle, however the emphasis within this review is the influence of heat stress on cattle. The impact of hot weather on cattle is of increasing importance due to the changing global environment. Heat stress is a worldwide phenomenon that is associated with reduced animal productivity and welfare, particularly during the summer months. Animal responses to their thermal environment are extremely varied, however, it is clear that the thermal environment influences the health, productivity, and welfare of cattle. Whilst knowledge continues to be developed, managing livestock to reduce the negative impact of hot climatic conditions remains somewhat challenging. This review provides an overview of the impact of heat stress on production and reproduction in bovines.
Deep Learning and Big Data in Healthcare: A Double Review for Critical Beginners
Authors: Bote-Curiel Luis , Muñoz-Romero Sergio , Gerrero-Curieses Alicia , Rojo-Álvarez José Luis
Published: June 2019

In the last few years, there has been a growing expectation created about the analysis of large amounts of data often available in organizations, which has been both scrutinized by the academic world and successfully exploited by industry. Nowadays, two of the most common terms heard in scientific circles are Big Data and Deep Learning. In this double review, we aim to shed some light on the current state of these different, yet somehow related branches of Data Science, in order to understand the current state and future evolution within the healthcare area. We start by giving a simple description of the technical elements of Big Data technologies, as well as an overview of the elements of Deep Learning techniques, according to their usual description in scientific literature. Then, we pay attention to the application fields that can be said to have delivered relevant real-world success stories, with emphasis on examples from large technology companies and financial institutions, among others. The academic effort that has been put into bringing these technologies to the healthcare sector are then summarized and analyzed from a twofold view as follows: first, the landscape of application examples is globally scrutinized according to the varying nature of medical data, including the data forms in electronic health recordings, medical time signals, and medical images; second, a specific application field is given special attention, in particular the electrocardiographic signal analysis, where a number of works have been published in the last two years. A set of toy application examples are provided with the publicly-available MIMIC dataset, aiming to help the beginners start with some principled, basic, and structured material and available code. Critical discussion is provided for current and forthcoming challenges on the use of both sets of techniques in our future healthcare.
Testing and Validation of Automotive Point-Cloud Sensors in Adverse Weather Conditions
Authors: Jokela Maria , Kutila Matti , Pyykönen Pasi
Published: June 2019

Light detection and ranging sensors (LiDARS) are the most promising devices for range sensing in automated cars and therefore, have been under intensive development for the last five years. Even though various types of resolutions and scanning principles have been proposed, adverse weather conditions are still challenging for optical sensing principles. This paper investigates proposed methods in the literature and adopts a common validation method to perform both indoor and outdoor tests to examine how fog and snow affect performances of different LiDARs. As suspected, the performance degraded with all tested sensors, but their behavior was not identical.
A Hierarchical and Abstraction-Based Blockchain Model
Authors: Sahoo Swagatika , Fajge Akshay M. , Halder Raju , Cortesi Agostino
Published: June 2019

In the nine years since its launch, amid intense research, scalability is always a serious concern in blockchain, especially in case of large-scale network generating huge number of transaction-records. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical blockchain model characterized by: (1) each level maintains multiple local blockchain networks, (2) each local blockchain records local transactional activities, and (3) partial views (tunable w.r.t. precision) of different subsets of local blockchain-records are maintained in the blockchains at next level of the hierarchy. To meet this objective, we apply abstractions on a set of transaction-records in a regular time interval by following the Abstract Interpretation framework, which provides a tunable precision in various abstract domain and guarantees the soundness of the system. While this model suitably fits to the real-worlds organizational structures, the proposal is powerful enough to scale when large number of nodes participate in a network resulting into an enormous growth of the network-size and the number of transaction-records. We discuss experimental results on a small-scale network with three sub networks at lower-level and by abstracting the transaction-records in the abstract domain of intervals. The results are encouraging and clearly indicate the effectiveness of this approach to control exponential growth of blockchain size w.r.t. the total number of participants in the network.
Predicting Behavior of Grouted Dowel Connections Using Interfacial Cohesive Elements
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed , Nehdi Moncef L. , Ghrib Faouzi
Published: June 2019

Grouted dowel connections are used extensively in precast load bearing walls owing to their simple construction and forgiving tolerances. Current design guidelines do not adequately consider the composite nature of such connections. Moreover, robust numerical models for these connections are yet to be developed. Therefore, a finite element model of grouted dowel connections was developed in this paper. The model adopts a phenomenological bond–slip constitutive law to predict the load versus slip response of grouted bars and considers tensile yielding of the reinforcement. The local bond–slip law used was generated from carefully designed experiments to eliminate spurious effects associated with bond testing. The model was validated using experimental results on grouted connections, as well as data retrieved from the open literature. Excellent agreement between experimental and numerical results was observed, highlighting the accuracy of the model in depicting interfacial stresses of the assembly. The model requires simple calibration, is computationally efficient, and can accurately simulate the failure behavior of bars embedded in grouted connections.
Tenacious Tendrils: Replicating Nature in South Italian Vase Painting
Authors: Heuer Keely
Published: June 2019

Elaborate floral tendrils are one of the most distinctive iconographic features of South Italian vase painting, the red-figure wares produced by Greek settlers in Magna Graecia and Sicily between ca. 440–300 B.C. They were a particular specialty of Apulian artisans and were later adopted by painters living in Paestum and Etruria. This lush vegetation is a stark contrast to the relatively meager interest of Archaic and Classical Athenian vase painters in mimetically depicting elements of the natural world. First appearing in the work of the Iliupersis Painter around 370 B.C., similar flowering vines appear in other contemporary media ranging from gold jewelry to pebble mosaics, perhaps influenced by the career of Pausias of Sicyon, who is credited in ancient sources with developing the art of flower painting. Through analysis of the types of flora depicted and the figures that inhabit these lush vegetal designs, this paper explores the blossoming tendrils on South Italian vases as an evocation of nature’s regenerative powers in the eschatological beliefs of peoples, Greek and Italic alike, occupying southern Italy.
Generation and Analysis of Gridded Visibility Data in the Arctic
Authors: Shan Yulong , Zhang Ren , Li Ming , Wang Yangjun , Li Qiuhan , Li Lifeng
Published: June 2019

With the accelerated warming of the arctic and the gradual opening of the Arctic passages, more and more attention has been paid to assessing the risk of the navigation environment in the Arctic. Due to the scarcity of visibility data in the Arctic, this study proposes a model for referring visibility based on a back propagation (BP) neural network. The reliability of the model is validated and the gridded atmospheric visibility data in the Arctic from 2009 to 2018 was obtained. At the same time, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal features of visibility in the Arctic. The results show that the mean relative error is less than 20% under the different sample forms and it is more accurate to infer the visibility in a specific month using the multiple-year data of that month as training samples. Furthermore, the amount of sample data has a positive effect on the accuracy of inferred visibility, but the effect decreases with data quantity increasing. Visibility changes quickly in the south of 80° N in August, but slowly in the north in that time. At the same time, visibility in July and August is lower than that in other months but higher in March and May.
Building Blood Vessels—One Rho GTPase at a Time
Authors: Barlow Haley Rose , Cleaver Ondine
Published: June 2019

Blood vessels are required for the survival of any organism larger than the oxygen diffusion limit. Blood vessel formation is a tightly regulated event and vessel growth or changes in permeability are linked to a number of diseases. Elucidating the cell biology of endothelial cells (ECs), which are the building blocks of blood vessels, is thus critical to our understanding of vascular biology and to the development of vascular-targeted disease treatments. Small GTPases of the Rho GTPase family are known to regulate several processes critical for EC growth and maintenance. In fact, many of the 21 Rho GTPases in mammals are known to regulate EC junctional remodeling, cell shape changes, and other processes. Rho GTPases are thus an attractive target for disease treatments, as they often have unique functions in specific vascular cell types. In fact, some Rho GTPases are even expressed with relative specificity in diseased vessels. Interestingly, many Rho GTPases are understudied in ECs, despite their known expression in either developing or mature vessels, suggesting an even greater wealth of knowledge yet to be gleaned from these complex signaling pathways. This review aims to provide an overview of Rho GTPase signaling contributions to EC vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and mature vessel barrier function. A particular emphasis is placed on so-called “alternative” Rho GTPases, as they are largely understudied despite their likely important contributions to EC biology.
Mouse Models for Food Allergies: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Schülke Stefan , Albrecht Melanie
Published: June 2019

Food allergies are a steadily increasing health and economic problem. Immunologically, food allergic reactions are caused by pathological, allergen-specific Th2 responses resulting in IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and associated inflammatory reactions. Clinically, food allergies are characterized by local inflammation of the mouth mucosa, the face, the throat, the gastrointestinal tract, are frequently paralleled by skin reactions, and can result in life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. To better understand food allergies and establish novel treatment options, mouse models are indispensable. This review discusses the available mouse food allergy models, dividing them into four categories: (1) adjuvant-free mouse models, (2) mouse models relying on adjuvants to establish allergen-specific Th2 responses, (3) mouse models using genetically-modified mouse strains to allow for easier sensitization, and (4) humanized mouse models in which different immunodeficient mouse strains are reconstituted with human immune or stem cells to investigate humanized immune responses. While most of the available mouse models can reproducibly portray the immunological parameters of food allergy (Th2 immune responses, IgE production and mast cell activation/expansion), so far, the recreation of the clinical parameters has proven more difficult. Therefore, up to now none of the available mouse models can reproduce the complete human pathology.
Crosstalk between BMP and Notch Induces Sox2 in Cerebral Endothelial Cells
Authors: Wu Xiuju , Yao Jiayi , Wang Lumin , Zhang Daoqin , Zhang Li , Reynolds Eric X. , Yu Tongtong , Boström Kristina I. , Yao Yucheng
Published: June 2019

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Notch signaling are critical for endothelial cell (EC) differentiation in vascular development. Recent studies have shown that excess BMP activity induces Notch signaling in cerebral ECs resulting in arteriovenous malformation (AVMs). However, it is unclear how the crosstalk between BMP and Notch signaling affects cerebral EC differentiation at the gene regulatory level. Here, we report that BMP6 activates the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 3, a BMP type 1 receptor, to induce Notch1 receptor and Jagged1 and Jagged2 ligands. We show that increased expression of the Notch components alters the transcriptional regulatory complex in the SRY-Box 2 (Sox2) promoter region so as to induce its expression in cerebral ECs. Together, our results identify Sox2 as a direct target of BMP and Notch signaling and provide information on how altered BMP and Notch signaling affects the endothelial transcriptional landscape.
X-ray Structure Refinement and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Metavauxite FeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O
Authors: Della Ventura Giancarlo , Capitelli Francesco , Capitani Giancarlo , Ventruti Gennaro , Monno Alessandro
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we provide a crystal-chemical investigation of metavauxite, ideally FeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O, from Llallagua (Bolivia) by using a multi-methodological approach based on EDS microchemical analysis, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Our new diffraction results allowed us to locate all hydrogen atoms from the structure refinements in the monoclinic P21/c space group. Metavauxite structure displays a complex framework consisting of a stacking of [Al(PO4)3(OH)(H2O)2]7− layers linked to isolated [Fe(H2O)6]2+ cationic octahedral complex solely by hydrogen bonding. The hydrogen-bonding scheme was inferred from bond-valence calculations and donor-acceptor distances. Accordingly, strong hydrogen bonds, due to four coordinated H2O molecules, bridge the [Fe(H2O)6]2+ units to the Al/P octahedral/tetrahedral layer. The hydroxyl group, coordinated by two Al atoms, contributes to the intra-layer linkage. FTIR and Raman spectra in the high-frequency region (3700–3200 cm−1) are very similar, and show a complex broad band consisting of several overlapping components due to the H2O molecules connecting the isolated Fe(H2O)6 and the adjacent Al/P octahedral/tetrahedral layers. A sharp peak at 3540 cm−1 is assigned to the stretching mode of the OH group. The patterns collected in the low-frequency region are dominated by the stretching and bending modes of the PO43− group and the metal-oxygen polyhedra.