bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explaining the Victim-Offender Overlap of Cyberbullying Using Low Self-Control and Parental Bonds
Authors: Rabbani Md. Golam , Pusch Natasha
Published: December 2023

This study examined cyberbullying using a cross-sectional sample of n = 5,954 late adolescent high-school students in Arizona and had several purposes: 1. To examine the extent of the overlap of cyberbullying perpetration and victimization; 2. To examine the effects of low self-control and parental bonds on cyberbullying; and 3. To use both attitudinal and behavioral measures of low self-control as predictors. Using bivariate probit regression models, the study found an overlap between cyberbullying perpetration and victimization, with 9.1% of the sample experiencing both. For the most part, low self-control measures better predicted cyberbullying than parental bond measures. Implications for programming are discussed.
Goal Length (Short or Long Term) Interacts with Goal Scheduling Strategy (Clock Time or Event Time) for Optimal Achievement
Authors: Nagamine Masato , Tang Li , Miwa Shuhei , Kainuma Ryo , Toyama Miki
Published: December 2023

There are two strategies for scheduling personal goals: (i) clock-time, based on time passage; and (ii) event-time, based on the progress made. Neither strategy is always superior to the other; rather it is necessary to consider the environment and other conditions such as whether the goal is long or short term. We focused on goal lengthas an important factor for determining the best scheduling strategy, hypothesizing that clock-time and event-time strategies would differentially activate higher performance for long-term and short-term goals, respectively. Thus, we conducted a two-part laboratory experiment (Part 1: n = 63, Part 2: n = 86 ) in which we manipulated both goal length and scheduling strategy. Subsequently, we examined the effects of each combination of goal length and scheduling strategy on task performance (i.e., completion of a mathematical problem). Although our two studies were designed identically in most respects, they differed in the number of task problems, task time limits, and question content. Our data supported our hypothesis that clock-time scheduling was optimal for long-term goals while event-time scheduling was optimal for short-term goals.
On the Role of Academic Buoyancy and Self-Efficacy in Predicting Teachers’ Work Engagement: A Case of Chinese English as a Foreign Language Teachers
Authors: Zhi Ran , Wang Yongxiang , Derakhshan Ali
Published: December 2023

A plethora of scientific evidence has pinpointed that teaching English as a foreign or second language (EFL) is difficult, challenging, and emotionally burdensome. Nevertheless, most English language teachers remain committed to the teaching profession and actively engage in the instructional environment. This has inspired several scholars worldwide to explore what personal, emotional, and psychological factors motivate English language teachers to engage enthusiastically in their workplace. While a large body of studies have to date examined the personal, emotional, and psychological predictors of English language teachers’ work engagement, to our knowledge, no inquiry has investigated the role of academic buoyancy and self-efficacy in predicting EFL teachers’ work engagement. Furthermore, the potential impact of demographic variables on the interplay between EFL teachers’ academic buoyancy, self-efficacy, and work engagement has been disregarded. To bridge this gap, we examined the interplay of these three constructs among Chinese EFL teachers. To do so, we administered three pre-designed questionnaires to 242 EFL teachers working in Chinese schools and universities. The collected data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The outcomes of SEM divulged positive and strong relationships between Chinese EFL teachers’ academic buoyancy, self-efficacy, and work engagement. The SEM results also indicated that academic buoyancy and self-efficacy could strongly and favorably predict Chinese EFL teachers’ work engagement. Additionally, the study outcomes disclosed that demographic variables, including gender, educational degree, and teaching experience, directly impacted the interplay between Chinese EFL teachers’ academic buoyancy, self-efficacy, and work engagement. These results may have significant implications for English teachers, teacher trainers, and educational principals.
The artification of whirling derviches in France between the religious and the artistic
Authors: MASBAH Hajar
Published: December 2023

Utilizing the theoretical framework of artification, this study analyzes the transformation of Sufi dance from a traditional religious practice to a staged artistic performance. Ethnographic observations and case studies conducted between 2018 and 2023 have identified four ideal types of discourse surrounding Sufi dance, ranging from traditional discourses to total artification, where religious meaning is displaced by artistic and aesthetic purposes. The article also examines the methods of teaching spinning movements, Sufi workshop audiences, and marketing strategies used by artists to gain recognition in both religious and artistic fields. Finally, the study explores the tension between traditional authority and dancers’ professional careers outside Sufi institutions. This research illuminates the complex dynamics of competition and cooperation that shape the relationship between art and spirituality within the Sufi tradition in contemporary France.
How land use patterns keep driving cheap: Geographic support for transportation taxes
Authors: Millard-Ball Adam , Kapshikar Purva
Published: December 2023

Economists tend to favour price-based approaches, such as gasoline and carbon taxes, to address the negative impacts of car travel, while urban planners tend to emphasise land use planning such as compact development. In this paper, we argue that the two approaches are synergistic. We use precinct-level data from two California referenda to show that land use planning makes pricing more feasible: voters in dense, transit-oriented neighbourhoods are more willing to support a carbon price and increased gasoline taxes. Political ideology is a more important determinant of voting patterns, but in a closely divided election, land use patterns, public transportation, and other aspects of the built environment can determine the success of a referendum on driving taxes. Our results also imply that the voluminous research on land use and transportation underestimates the long-run impacts of compact development on driving, through ignoring the ways in which urban form shapes the politics of taxation.
Eyes on the street: To what end?
Authors: Bartonek Anders
Published: December 2023

In contrast to the constantly increasing surveillance of the streets of cities, Jane Jacobs’ theory of the ‘eyes on the street’ offers a theory of a positive form of surveillance and these eyes can thus perhaps take on the role of a counterforce to problematic forms of surveillance. To examine under what conditions Jacobs could help formulate such a counterforce is the main aim in this article. But for this purpose, certain obstacles need to be addressed, for instance, the usage of Jacobs’ theory in the field of CPTED. What in Jacobs’ theory makes it vulnerable to this kind of usage? In order for Jacobs’ street-eyes to avoid becoming a prolonged arm for state surveillance, this article suggests a critical reading of Jacobs’ thinking in relation to Foucault’s surveillance-critique, ultimately with the aim to strengthen her eyes on the street.
Don’t put a ring on it: Gender stereotypes in citizens’ preferences for executive positions
Authors: Claveria Sílvia , Lavezzolo Sebastián
Published: December 2023

Scholarly investigations have greatly advanced our understanding of gender stereotypes as they pertain to leadership roles. However, an examination of citizens’ evaluations of the personal and political characteristics of ministers using an experimental design is still lacking. In this article, we aim to determine whether individuals exhibit discrimination against women occupying the position of finance minister (FM), which presents an opportunity to assess the impact of stereotypes within one of the most ‘masculine’ cabinet portfolios. We implement a conjoint analysis in Spain to isolate the influence of appointees’ attributes on their selection. The results suggest that women are preferred for this post. In contrast to established knowledge derived from legislative studies, being single benefits female ministers more than it does their male counterparts in obtaining the position of FM, as agentic attributes can hold more value in these positions.
Noncompliance Interventions for Young Children: A Best Evidence Synthesis and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Malone Elisabeth J. , Zimmerman Kathleen N. , Joo Sean , Kim Gospel Y. , Smith Kelsey H.
Published: December 2023

A best-evidence synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate interventions designed to decrease noncompliance in early childhood settings. Studies were examined for quality, intervention components, and outcomes for young children (ages 2–8 years) across settings. Results indicated most designs were high-quality and produced desired outcomes. However, participant inclusion criteria were commonly underreported, and social and ecological validity data were absent. Thus, for whom noncompliance interventions are effective, appropriate, feasible, or preferred is largely unknown. Contrary to prior evidence from the broader challenging behavior literature, function-based assessments had no impact on intervention outcomes. Reasons for this finding are explored, including the narrow application of function-based assessment findings to compliance interventions. Future implications for research and practice are presented.
Online tire model iterative learning considering tire relaxation behavior
Authors: Wu Shengye , Shao Liang , Puscul Dzenana , Lex Cornelia
Published: December 2023

Online tire model learning is of great importance in the application of vehicle dynamics related automated driving functions. Previous research mainly focuses on static tire model identification, for example, based on brush model. However, tire transient behavior, which is difficult to measure directly, plays a critical role on vehicle lateral dynamics, especially on safety-critical handling conditions. In this work, we propose a framework for online tire model iterative learning considering tire relaxation. In each steering scenario, we utilize the learning results of tire model from previous ones as initial condition. Subsequently, we implement singular value decomposition to detect whether there is enough excitation for model learning update with different simplified tire relaxation models. Meanwhile, based on these models, we also recursively calculate and compare the least squares cost function, such that the tire parameters can be robustly estimated and optimized. Furthermore, the estimated tire parameters are then fused with those from previous scenarios based on recursive average for better control application in the next steering maneuver. Experiments demonstrate the proposed online tire model iterative learning framework has similar performance with large-scale data-based offline fitting and can be applied for better predicting tire forces than those with purely recursive least squares methods.
Efficacy and recommendations for the delivery of telehealth psychotherapy for people with personality disorder
Authors: Bailey Rachel C. , Knowles Nacquel G. , Grenyer Brin F. S.
Published: December 2023

Objective

There are few studies on the efficacy and acceptability of psychotherapy conducted via telehealth technology for people with personality disorder. This study aims to examine clinician perspectives on virtual psychotherapy.

Method

Twenty multidisciplinary mental health clinicians (85% female, average age 42 years) with at least 2 years of experience in telehealth psychotherapy contributed quantitative and qualitative ratings of acceptability and efficacy of this modality.

Results

Likert scale ratings (1 = not, 5 = very) demonstrated high client acceptability (mean = 4.0), effectiveness (4.0) and high clinician acceptability (4.2) and sustainability (4.2). Three recommendations emerged from qualitative analysis: prioritising frame establishment, ensuring client safety online and maximising alliance-enhancing strategies.

Conclusions

This study, which collected quantitative and qualitative ratings of virtual psychotherapy, found that telehealth psychotherapy can be effective and acceptable for people with personality disorder. Strategies associated with success included strong governance, secure technology and careful attending to relationship management.
Principles for Worker-Driven Remedy
Authors:   Electronics Watch
Published: December 2023

Workers in global supply chains face forced labour, hazardous working conditions, excessive overtime, violence, union busting, and other abuses. They may be cheated of wages and bonuses promised by recruiters or dismissed without due process. They need remedy and, in fact, have a right to an effective remedy, but remedy for business-related harms in global supply chains is rare. The Principles for Worker-Driven Remedy offer a framework for making remedy a reality for workers when their rights are violated and when they are harmed in global supply chains. Developed by Electronics Watch in consultation with trade unions, labour rights organizations, and public buyers, the Principles put affected workers at the heart of the remedy process. Electronics Watch will develop tools and procedures to help public buyers to use the Principles in supplier engagement, tenders, and contract management. We encourage companies and other organizations to adopt and adapt them to address harm to workers in supply chains.
A consistent crack bandwidth for higher-order beam theories: Application to concrete
Authors: Shen Jiahui , Tiago Arruda Mário Rui , Pagani Alfonso
Published: December 2023

Higher-order theories have a broad range of successful applications but also suffer from localization instability and mesh-size dependency when modeling quasi-brittle materials such as concrete with strain-softening behavior. To overcome the above difficulties, this paper proposes a fracture energy regularization method with a unified, consistent crack bandwidth specifically tailored for higher-order beam theories. The Carrera unified formulation (CUF) is applied to develop scalable structural theories and related finite elements. To evaluate the accuracy of the new crack bandwidth, three typical experimental quasi-static benchmarks of pure concrete structures are utilized. A modified Mazars damage model with tensile and compressive softening laws is implemented in these benchmarks. The comparison between numerical and experimental results demonstrates that the proposed method can accurately determine the correct crack bandwidth and preserve the dissipated energy per unit area of a fracture surface. Moreover, this robust estimation of crack bandwidth reduces the mesh dependency in general, ensuring the high efficiency of the CUF model.
Biomarkers for Early Detection of Charcot Arthropathy: A Prospective Study on Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Severe Neuropathy
Authors: Dharmadas Salini , Kumar Harish , Pillay Minnie , Sukumaran Mangalanandan Thacho , Vivek Lakshmanan , Praveen Valiyaparambil Pavithran , Bal Arun
Published: December 2023

Background:

Charcot arthropathy (CA) is a progressive noninfectious inflammatory disease that causes irreversible destruction to pedal architecture in diabetic neuropathy (DN) patients. The debilitating prognosis demands early detection to prevent the development and progression of this disorder. Dysregulated and persistent production of inflammatory cytokines is reported as the key element in initiating osteoclastogenesis in CA. The study analyzed the potential association of markers of inflammation and bone turnover of prediagnostic serum samples on CA.

Methods:

Seventy-one type 2 severe DN patients were selected based on inclusion-exclusion criteria. Serum samples of interleukin 6 (IL-6), osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed. These patients were followed for the development of symptoms of CA for 12 months. In the year of monitoring, 7 patients developed CA (group 1), whereas the remaining 64 patients did not develop CA (group 2).

Results:

The rate of development of CA in patients with severe DN was 9.8%. In this group, significantly increased median values of HbA1c (group 2: 8.00 [7.00-9.00], group 1: 10.00 [9.25-11.50], P = .013); IL-6 (group 2: 1.21 [0.72-2.16], group 1: 11.08 [6.65-63.64], P = .008); and CRP (group 2: 1.25 [0.78-3.20], group 1: 3.31 [1.18-41.33], P = .041) were found. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that IL-6 was more strongly associated with the onset of CA (IL-6: area under the curve = 0.808; P = .008) than CRP. Cut-off values of ≥6.6 for IL-6 show potential to rule out CA in high-risk patients, with a positive predictive value of 26.1%, a negative predictive value of 97.9%, a sensitivity of 85.7%, and a specificity of 73.4%.

Conclusion:

In our study population, we found that an exacerbated inflammatory state, reflected by IL-6 values, generally occurred in DN patients before the clinical detection of CA.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective comparative study.
Circular inclusion with a refined linearized version of Steigmann–Ogden model
Authors: Huang Cheng , Dai Ming
Published: December 2023

The plane deformation of an infinite elastic matrix enclosing a single circular inclusion incorporating stretching and bending resistance for the inclusion–matrix interface is revisited using a refined linearized version of the Steigmann–Ogden model. This refined version of the Steigmann–Ogden model differs from other linearized counterparts in the literature mainly in that the tangential force of the interface defined in this version depends not only on the stretch of the interface but also on the bending moment and initial curvature of the interface (the corresponding bending moment relies on the change in the real curvature of the interface during deformation). Closed-form results are derived for the full elastic field in inclusion–matrix structure induced by an arbitrary uniform in-plane far-field loading. It is identified that with this refined version of the Steigmann–Ogden model a uniform stress distribution could be achieved inside the inclusion for any non-hydrostatic far-field loading when [Formula: see text] (where R is the radius of the inclusion, while [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the stretching and bending stiffness of the interface). Explicit expressions are also obtained for the effective transverse properties of composite materials containing a large number of unidirectional circular cylindrical inclusions using, respectively, the dilute and Mori–Tanaka homogenization methods. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the differences between the refined version and two typical counterparts of the Steigmann–Ogden model in evaluating the stress field around a circular nanosized inclusion and the effective properties of the corresponding homogenized composites.
Disruption of the endothelial glycocalyx layer is associated with idiopathic complete atrioventricular block in the elderly population: An observational pilot study
Authors: Toprak Kenan , Kaplangoray Mustafa , Özen Kaya , Koyuncu İsmail , Taşcanov Mustafa Begenç , Altıparmak İbrahim Halil , Biçer Asuman , Demirbağ Recep
Published: December 2023

Idiopathic atrioventricular block (iCAVB) is the most common reason for the need for a permanent pacemaker in the elderly population. The fibrotic process that occurs in the conduction system of the heart with aging is the main pathogenesis in the development of iCAVB. However, the processes that trigger the development of iCAVB in the elderly population have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to reveal the possible relationship between the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) layer and idiopathic complete atrioventricular block. A group of 68 consecutive patients who developed iCAVB and a group of 68 healthy subjects matched for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors were included in the study. The groups were compared for clinical, laboratory, and levels of Syndecan-1 (SDC1), an EG layer marker. In the study, SDC1 levels were found to be significantly higher in the iCAVB group compared to the control group (23.7 ± 7.5 vs 16.7 ± 5.2; p = 0.009). In multivariable regression analysis, SDC1 was determined as an independent potential predictor for iCAVB (OR: 1.200; 95% CI: 1.119–1.287; p < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, SDC1 predicted iCAVB with 74% sensitivity and 72% specificity at the best cut-off value of 18.5 ng/mL (area under the curve: 0.777; confidence interval: 0.698–0.856; p < 0.001). Disruption of the endothelial glycolic layer may be one of the main triggering factors for the process leading to iCAVB.
Aberrant Functional Connectivity in Core–Periphery Structure Based on WSBM in ADHD
Authors: Li Dandan , Hou Dianni , Zhang Yating , Zhao Yao , Cui Xiaohong , Niu Yan , Xiang Jie , Wang Bin
Published: December 2023

Objective:

Brain network studies have revealed that the community structure of ADHD is altered. However, these studies have only focused on modular community structure, ignoring the core–periphery community structure.

Method:

This paper employed the weighted stochastic block model to divide the functional connectivity (FC) into 10 communities. And we adopted core score to define the core–periphery structure of FC. Finally, connectivity strength (CS) and disruption index (DI) were used to evaluate the changes of core–periphery structure in ADHD.

Results:

The core community of visual network showed reduced CS and a positive value of DI, while the CS of periphery community was enhanced. In addition, the interaction between core communities (involving the sensorimotor and visual network) and periphery community of attention network showed increased CS and a negative valve of DI.

Conclusion:

Anomalies in core–periphery community structure provide a new perspective for understanding the community structure of ADHD.
Rethinking the Utility of the Audio-Only Encounter: A Case of Herpes Zoster Co-Infection in Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Harada Fumiue , Takita Morihito , Yamamoto Kana , Tachiya Yosuke , Yamamoto Chika , Saito Hiroaki , Kami Masahiro , Shineha Ryuzaburo
Published: December 2023

Background:

Telemedicine with video communication has become commonly applied during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. While audio-only encounters are not allowed in Japan after August 2023. The Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) in the United States revised the telehealth policy to make the video visit standard. We present here a case with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and diagnosed her with the Herpes zoster at audio-only encounters followed by an in-person clinic visit.

Case Presentation:

A 31-year-old woman called our hospital for a complaint of right chest discomfort and a tingling sensation. The SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed on her with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test 4 days before the symptom onset. A telephone encounter was made for her since the video communication failed to be prepared. The attending physician made a diagnosis of herpes zoster based on her verbal explanation of symptoms and localized skin lesions. An anti-viral medication with amenamevir was given. The photos of skin lesions were sent 3 days after the audio visit, which was consistent with herpes zoster. The patient visited our outpatient clinic and was confirmed for herpes zoster serologically with positive antibodies of both varicella-zoster IgM and IgG.

Conclusions:

The audio-only visit could help diagnose herpes zoster if the follow-up examinations are performed adequately. Audio-only encounters preserve the flexibility of telemedicine when video communication cannot be prepared promptly.
Despite celiprolol therapy, patients with vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome remain at risk of vascular events: A 12-year experience in an Italian referral center
Authors: Buso Giacomo , Paini Anna , Agabiti-Rosei Claudia , De Ciuceis Carolina , Bertacchini Fabio , Stassaldi Deborah , Salvetti Massimo , Ritelli Marco , Venturini Marina , Colombi Marina , Muiesan Maria Lorenza
Published: December 2023

Background:

Vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (vEDS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by arterial fragility. Celiprolol has been suggested to significantly reduce rates of vascular events in this setting, though real-world evidence is limited. The aim of this study was to report our experience with celiprolol therapy in vEDS management.

Methods:

Patients with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of vEDS who were referred for outpatient consultation at the Brescia University Hospital between January 2011 and July 2023 were included. At each visit, patients’ medical history, results of vascular imaging, and office blood pressure measurements were recorded. Celiprolol therapy was progressively titrated to the maximum tolerated dose of up to 400 mg daily, according to the patients’ tolerance.

Results:

Overall, 26 patients were included. Female sex was prevalent (62%). Mean (SD) age was 37 (16) years. Follow-up duration was 72 (41) months. At the last follow-up visit, all patients were on celiprolol therapy, 80% of whom were taking the maximum recommended dose. The yearly risk of symptomatic vascular events was 8.8%, the majority of which occurred after reaching the maximum recommended dose of celiprolol. No significant predictor of symptomatic vascular events was identified among patients’ clinical characteristics.

Conclusion:

In our cohort, rates of celiprolol use were high and the drug was well tolerated overall. Nonetheless, the risk of symptomatic vascular events remained nonnegligible. Future studies should identify reliable predictors of major adverse events and explore additional therapeutic strategies that could further lower the risk of life-threatening events in this population.
The marked body: Exploring experiences of post-mastectomy scarring, body image and change through artistic tattooing
Authors: Newlan Tina-Maree , Greig Jenni
Published: December 2023

Breast cancer has become the most prevalent cancer globally, predominantly affecting women, with mastectomy surgery a frequent treatment. Women often experience a discrepancy between their post-mastectomy body, and their former sense of self, affecting negatively on wellbeing. The narratives of eight women who chose to artistically tattoo over their mastectomy scars were explored in this study, through semi-structured interviews and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Seven master themes are presented. These themes follow the women from a state of disruption (of body image and gender identity) and surgical scarring as the first marking of the body, to the second marking of the body through artistic tattooing, bringing with it transformation, acceptance, feeling heard and connection with the artist, closure and control and the creation of significance and meaning. Viewed through Self-Discrepancy Theory, the findings of this study has implications for psycho-oncology and wellbeing support for women following mastectomy surgery.
Algorithmic conspirituality: Explicating its emergence, dimensions, and persuasibility
Authors: Kanthawala Shaheen , Cotter Kelley , Ritchart Amy , De Ankolika , McAtee Haley , Yun Connie , DeCook Julia
Published: December 2023

Algorithmic conspirituality is the belief that social media algorithms have the capacity to know users intimately and convey personally meaningful messages at the exact right moment to revelatory effect. Through a thematic analysis of TikTok videos, this study explicates this concept by identifying five distinct dimensions of its expression on TikTok—(1) relational, (2) injunctive, (3) personal, (4) spiritual, (5) conspiratorial—and explaining their relationship with the platform’s affordances—(1) connectedness, (2) personalization, and (3) social creativity. We then connect the emergence and impact of this phenomenon to the possibility for persuasion and behavior changes through normalization of messaging in areas such as mental health, smoking, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and body dysmorphia that could lead to positive and negative health outcomes.
Experimental study on the transient-state performance of diesel engines at different speeds using the synergistic regulation of VGT and VVT
Authors: Dai Ziyang , Li Jie , Liang Hengsheng , Yu Xiaoyang , Wu Binyang
Published: December 2023

Heavy-duty diesel engines, the heat engines with the highest thermal efficiency, usually operate under transient conditions. Thus, it is important to study the transient performance of heavy-duty diesel engines. This paper aims to solve the problems of combustion deterioration, poor response, and emission deterioration caused by the mismatch between the air intake response and the fuel system under the strong transient condition of sudden loading of 1 s under constant speed. In this paper, an experimental study on the transient performance at different speeds under the coordinated regulation of a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) and variable valve timing (VVT) is conducted. The study found that the transient torque response is affected by combustion in the cylinder and pump work. During the low-speed transient process, due to reduced airflow and pumping losses, the VVT is switched off while the VGT delay is increased to improve air response. Consequently, the mixture in the cylinder is fully burned, and improved transient performance is obtained. In the high-speed transient process, the engine air intake flow is improved. Through the VVT is ON at the appropriate time and the VGT hysteresis control, the pumping loss can be effectively reduced, and excellent transient performance can be achieved to ensure the fast response of the in-cylinder charge. Given sudden loading from 10% to 100% within 1 s under a high speed of 1600 r/min, the VVT switches on with a 0.15 s delay, and the VGT is controlled with a 0.4 s delay. A torque response of 0.82 s can be achieved, and the soot peak value is reduced by 66.26%, and the accumulated value of soot is reduced by 46.91%. At a low speed of 1000 r/min, given sudden loading from 10% to 100% within 1 s, the 0.6 s VGT delay can reduce the accumulated value of soot by 78.57% and 56.22% compared with delays of 0.2 and 0.4 s.
A pentadic analysis of TikTok marketing in tourism: The case of Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Tham Aaron , (Ava) Chen Shu-Hsiang , Durbidge Levi
Published: December 2023

Several destinations have jumped on the TikTok bandwagon to explore consumer reactions and motivations towards visit intentions, though these are largely limited to point-in-time surveys. Using the example of Penang, Malaysia, this research contributes to the paucity of knowledge surrounding TikTok in tourism by analysing contents generated from the destination management organisation, travel influencers, and other tourists participating in a TikTok competition for the destination. Drawing from Burke’s Pentadic analysis, the findings reveal the sociological interactions where the performativity of the short videos are staged by different users with the destination as the backdrop. Theoretical and managerial implications are highlighted to inform current and future practices of TikTok (re)presentation in tourism, and how the platform can be used distinctively to socially interact with various target markets and stakeholders.
Do Gender-Based Violence Interventions Consider the Impacts of Climate Change? A Systematic Review
Authors: Allen Elizabeth M. , Munala Leso , Ward-Rannow Jody
Published: December 2023

Climate change and extreme weather events have been shown to increase incidences of gender-based violence (GBV). Numerous organizations have devoted significant time, resources, and effort to the design and implementation of interventions aimed at reducing GBV in Africa. Some interventions effectively reduce violence, but GBV persists and remains pervasive. The United Nations has called for GBV interventions that consider the impact of climate change on violence. This review aims to determine whether public health interventions intended to reduce GBV in Africa take into account the effects of climate change on the region and the population. PubMed, PsychArticles, and CINAHL databases were searched systematically in February 2023 for interventions conducted in Africa published between 2010 and 2023. There were a total of 86 articles in the final review that described 40 distinct interventions. The intervention designs included empowerment and participatory approaches (microfinance, microfinance plus, community education, and community engagement), changing social and cultural norms (community education, community engagement, and media), and school-based programs. None of the 40 interventions mentioned climate, weather, or climate change as a component of the intervention. There are several opportunities to improve existing, successful GBV interventions in order to increase their efficacy. GBV interventions could incorporate economic independence programs that do not rely on agriculture and include climate change education. These findings could facilitate the integration of two previously distinct research disciplines—climate change and GBV prevention—to inform future research and develop more effective and cost-efficient interventions.
Deep-Structure Attitudes and Reasons Toward Healthy Eating and Self-Rated Diet and Health in Ethnically Diverse U.S.-Hispanics/Latinos
Authors: Caballero-Gonzalez Areli , López-Cepero Andrea , Mattei Josiemer
Published: December 2023

Little is known about deep-structure (i.e., embedded) cultural attitudes toward healthy eating among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States. This study aimed to identify ethnic-specific dietary attitudes of Latino adults and evaluate their associations with self-rated diet and health. Participants (n = 200) were community-based Latinos (25–65 y/o) living in the Boston, Massachusetts metro area who completed a survey assessing agreement with 20 statements on attitudes toward healthy eating (eight positive and 12 negative) and 15 statements on reasons for healthy eating across seven constructs. Multinomial logistic regression models tested the association of sum scores of positive or negative attitudes and reasons for healthy eating with self-rated diet or self-rated health for participants of Caribbean versus Non-Caribbean backgrounds. Most participants of both backgrounds agreed that healthy eating would keep them healthy and make them look good, and that families should eat together. Differences by background were noted in statements regarding eating at special occasions, cost of healthy foods, self-efficacy (i.e., cravings), and cultural beliefs. Negative attitudes were associated with lower odds of better self-rated health for Caribbean, but not for non-Caribbean, participants. Positive attitudes were associated with 1.85 (95% CI [1.10, 3.12]) odds of better self-rated diet for Caribbean participants and 3.13 (95% CI [1.26, 7.81]) for non-Caribbean participants. Non-Caribbean participants were more likely to self-rate very good/excellent diet with higher reasons for healthy eating. Latinos have shared and ethnic-specific deep-structure attitudes toward healthy eating related to their perceived diet quality and health. Programs promoting healthy eating for Latino adults should be deeply tailored by ethnicity.
Health and Social Vulnerabilities Among Unstably Housed and Homeless Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Heerde Jessica A. , McMorris Barbara J. , Gewirtz O’Brien Janna R. , Bailey Jennifer A. , Toumbourou John W.
Published: December 2023

The role of housing as a social driver of health is well-established, with stable housing being an important factor in reducing health inequities. During developmentally critical periods such as young adulthood, unstable housing and related social marginalization have profound effects on development and later health, social, and economic wellbeing. This exploratory study analyzed data from a population-based, longitudinal sample of young adults (average age 31 years) from Washington State ( n = 755) to compare health and economic impacts of the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on housing status. Descriptive results suggest the pandemic exposed underlying vulnerabilities for young adults experiencing homelessness and housing instability, with an overall widening of inequities related to financial difficulties and increased risk for poor mental health and social isolation. Findings suggest that these vulnerabilities are magnified in the context of public health crises and strengthen the case for population-based studies investigating potential modifiable causes of housing instability to inform prevention and early intervention at the earliest possible point in a young person’s development. Studies examining the severity of COVID-related hardships on young adult health and social outcomes are vital for establishing an evidence base for strategic policy action that seeks to prevent a rebound in young adult homelessness and housing instability post-pandemic. These studies would bolster both emergency preparedness responses that account for the unique needs of vulnerable populations and upstream population-level prevention approaches beginning long before the imminent risk for housing instability develops.
Implementing Change: How Can a Principal Know and Navigate Conflicting Interests Within a School Community?
Authors: Rushing Joy , Serafini Amy
Published: December 2023

An experienced principal transfers schools to rebuild trust in the school culture and community after a recent scandal and declining student achievement scores. A district level supervisor opens a way for Mr. Davie, the incoming principal, to offer middle students advanced classes. The principal believes this is an initiative that will boost school culture by reestablishing high-level learning, reengaging teachers, and renewing parents’ confidence in the school. Adding new honors classes could be good for everyone, but what has this principal missed in planning for and implementing this change?
Exploring the use of Heidegger’s Phenomenological Approach to Delve Into the Learning Experiences of Homosexual Learners in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
Authors: Nkosi Charlotte , Mabasa Layane Thomas , Themane Mahlapahlapana Johannes
Published: December 2023

This article explores the use of the phenomenological approach in the learning experiences of homosexual learners in schools. We conducted the research at a time when studies in education rarely use Heidegger’s phenomenological approach to explore educational phenomena. The question is: what are the lessons that can be learnt from the use of Heidegger’s phenomenological approach in exploring the learning experiences of homosexual learners in rural secondary schools of South Africa? The study used a phenomenological design in a number of selected secondary schools in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. We generated data through semi-structured interviews and documents. We purposively selected six learners to participate in the study. Data were analysed by using a thematic approach. The approach helped us to reveal that homosexual learners were discriminated against by their teachers and were subjected to isolation from other learners due to religious beliefs, cultural norms, and traditional practices. The article argues that the use of the Heidegger’s phenomenological approach is more appropriate in unravelling nuances related to beliefs, cultural practices, and traditions that may hamper effective teaching and learning than the use of other designs such as surveys. The implication of this is that Heidegger’s phenomenological approach is helpful in conducting studies on the lived experiences of people who are discriminated in society, focusing on their well-being, support and care for their future. It also has the potential to contribute immensely towards policy formulation related to inclusive teaching and learning using learners’ voices based on their lived experiences.
Crime media as cinematic “freak show”: Ableism and speciesism in retelling Dahmer
Authors: Kramer Ronald
Published: December 2023

Grounded in an analysis of the Netflix series Dahmer-Monster, this article offers a theory concerning mass consumption of crime drama. Refracted by scholarship on ableism and speciesism, I argue that Dahmer-Monster (and comparable shows) can be understood as mediated “freak show.” Crime drama offers images of “abnormality” that provide a surface upon which conceptions of normalcy can be (re)inscribed. Audiences are assured of their normality via this process. The article speaks to critical criminologists and critical disability studies scholarship. Consistent with nascent “crip criminology,” it suggests that there is much scope for further dialogue across these areas. As a cultural site, crime media is saturated by ableism, yet it has not been subject to much scrutiny by critical disabilities studies scholarship. And, while much criminological attention is devoted to cultural portrayals of crime, ableism and speciesism have not been central categories to such analyses. This article contributes to efforts to connect critical criminologies with scholarly interest in ableism and speciesism.
New bis-heterocyclic structures: Synthesis, characterization and biological activity
Authors: Farhan Marwan Mohammed , Al-Jumaili Mohammed Hadi Ali , Bakr Ekhlas Aziz
Published: December 2023

New bis-heterocyclic compounds were synthesized by reacting two moles of isoniazid, cyanoguanidine and 2-aminophenol with one mole of a bis-chalcone. The bis-chalcone was prepared from the reaction between acetophenone and terephthalaldehyde using sodium hydroxide. All the prepared compounds were purified and their structures confirmed by spectroscopic methods, such as Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Their effect against three types of bacteria (negative and positive) for gram stain Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus was studied and discussed. The results obtained were compared with those of gentamicin, chloramphenicol and amikacin. Our new compounds showed clear inhibition of the different bacteria types with some of them exceeding the effects of the drugs possibly due to the bis-heterocyclic structures of our compounds. The effects of our compounds on the growth of certain types of fungi, Trichophyton and Aspergillus, were studied, showing inhibition of the growth of these fungi at high concentrations.
Transverse snuffbox perforator flap for a first-web contracture: an anatomical study and case report
Authors: Shen Xiao F. , Yin Chunhua , Rodas-Rodas Elvin R. , Soldado Francisco
Published: December 2023

This cadaveric study describes a dorsal wrist transverse elliptical cutaneous flap, based on radial artery cutaneous perforators in the region of the snuffbox. The flap was then successfully used in a child with thumb hypoplasia and severe first-web contracture.
Presence of anomalous flexor carpi radialis brevis (FCRB) in Madelung’s deformity
Authors: Cheung Kevin , Wang Kemble K. , McCombe David
Published: December 2023

An anomalous flexor carpi radialis brevis (FCRB) muscle was present in four of nine patients undergoing surgery for Madelung’s deformity. This disproportionately frequent finding suggests an embryologic dysgenesis of forearm formation rather than a developmental tethering of Vicker’s ligament.

Level of evidence: IV (case series)
ER status conversion and subsequent treatment: an assessment of negative ER expression detected by 18F-FES PET in metastatic breast cancer patients with ER-positive primary tumors
Authors: You Shuhui , Xie Yizhao , Ji Mengjing , Liu Cheng , Zhao Yannan , Gong Chengcheng , Hu Shihui , Li Yumeng , Yang Zhongyi , Wang Biyun
Published: December 2023

Background:

The 18F-fluoroestradiol positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FES PET/CT) technique provides a convenient method to evaluate the overall estrogen receptor (ER) expression in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. There are long debates on the characteristics and treatment strategy of patients with positive primary ER lesions but negative ER expression in metastatic disease. 18F-FES PET offers an opportunity to answer this question.

Objectives:

This study aimed to characterize the primary ER-positive patients with advanced-stage FES negativity and investigate the real-world treatment decisions made by physicians subsequently, and compare the efficacy between different regimens.

Design:

This observational cohort study was conducted at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, enrolling breast cancer patients with ER-positive primary tumors who showed advanced-stage FES negativity.

Methods:

Descriptive statistics were used in clinicopathologic characteristics and compared with a chi-square test or t-test. In addition, progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test.

Results:

16.6% (52/314) of patients with an ER-positive primary tumor had negative ER expression assessed by 18F-FES for MBC prior to receiving first-line systemic therapy, among whom adjuvant endocrine therapy was prevalently utilized (86.5%, 45/52). The rate of FES negativity in the advanced stage was negatively correlated with levels of ER expression of primary tumors. Chemotherapy (83.3%, 40/48) was the most common treatment strategy afterward, among which capecitabine monotherapy (62.5%, 25/40) was a dominant alternative. PFS was significantly prolonged with capecitabine alone versus other chemotherapy (median PFS: 13.14 versus 6.21 months, p = 0.029).

Conclusion:

Negative conversion of ER in MBC detected by 18F-FES occurred frequently. Patients with lower ER expression in the primary lesion were more likely to have negative ER expression in the metastasis. In real-world clinical practice, most physicians primarily opted for chemotherapy, with capecitabine monotherapy being a commonly selected regimen.

Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05797987.