bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of Pharmacological Activity of Tetrahydropyridone and Hexahydroquinoline Derivatives in Experiment
Authors: Bibik Igor V. , Korokin Mikhail V. , Krivokolysko Sergey G. , Bibik Elena Yu.
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Due to widespread inflammatory processes, often accompanied by pain and fever syndromes, NSAIDs are now the most prescribed drug group in the world. NSAIDs are characterized by taking a leading position in the number and severity of adverse actions. In recent decades, the efforts of scientists have been aimed at seaching for adequate ways to increase the safety profile of NSAIDs.

Materials and methods: In a series of experiments, the main objects of research were derivatives of α-cyanothioacet­amide – new tetrahydropyridones under laboratory codes TD 0364, TD 0353, TD 0351, CV 036, as well as hexahydro­quinolines CV 125 and OCO 5184. One promising area for searching for effective and safe pharmacological agents is some derivatives of α-cyanothioacetamide (CAS Number: 7357-70-2). The trigeminal orofacial pain test and the ther­mal tail immersion test were used to assess the analgesic effect. Determination of antipyretic activity was carried out on the yeast-fever model. To study an anti-inflammatory activity, the method of subacute non-infectious parotitis was used.

Results and discussion: The results of the experiment made it possible to find among the new samples of tetrahydro­pyridones and hexahydroquinolines the compounds with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, which, in terms of these types of activities in dynamics, surpass the reference (paracetamol, diclofenac sodium, and ketorolac). It is important that these compounds have low acute toxicity.

Conclusion: The consequence of the above is the necessity of further preclinical and clinical studies of samples of α-cyanothioacetamide derivatives in order to create new promising highly effective and safe drugs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.
Four new species and two new records of genus Zeugophora (Coleoptera, Megalopodidae, Zeugophorinae) from China
Authors: Li Kai-Qin , Liang Hong-Bin
Published: October 2020

Four new species of the subgenus Pedrillia Westwood, 1864 are described from southwest and central China: Zeugophora (Pedrillia) euonymorumsp. nov., Zeugophora (Pedrillia) flavithoraxsp. nov., Zeugophora (Pedrillia) trifasciatasp. nov. and Zeugophora (Pedrillia) yuaesp. nov. Two species are recorded for the first time in China and redescribed: Zeugophora (Zeugophora) turneri Power, 1863 and Zeugophora (Pedrillia) nigricollis Jacoby, 1885. To date, a total of 35 Zeugophorinae species has been recognized in China.
The position of the Azeliinae in the Muscidae (Diptera) based on musculature of the male terminalia
Authors: Sorokina Vera S. , Ovtshinnikova Olga G.
Published: October 2020

The male genital and pregenital skeleton and musculature were studied in males of the following species of the Muscidae subfamily Azeliinae: Drymeia firthiana (Huckett, 1965), Drymeia longiseta Sorokina & Pont, 2015, Drymeia segnis (Holmgren, 1883), Thricops nigritellus (Zetterstedt, 1838), Thricops hirtulus (Zetterstedt, 1838), Hydrotaea dentipes (Fabricius, 1805), Muscina stabulans (Fallén, 1817), and Muscina levida (Harris, 1780). Descriptions and figures of the genital sclerites and muscles of D. firthiana and M. stabulans are given. A comparison was made between the genital segments and muscles of previously studied species of Mydaeinae and Muscinae and those of the Azeliinae. Based on the structure of the skeleton and muscles of syntergosternite VII + VIII and the phallapodeme muscles, significant differences were found between the subfamily Azeliinae and the subfamilies Mydaeinae and Muscinae. The basal position of the Azeliinae within the family Muscidae was confirmed. A comparison of the genital segments and muscles of the Muscidae with those of the Scathophagidae (Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus, 1758)) and Anthomyiidae (Delia platura (Meigen, 1826)) was made. Tendencies in reduction of the pregenital segments and musculature, as well as of the phallapodeme muscles in the evolution of the Muscoidea have been revealed. The complete set of phallapodeme muscles in the Scathophagidae and Anthomyiidae corresponds to the basal state, and therefore the structure of the genital sclerites and muscles in the Muscidae shows a certain degree of reduction. The progressive changes in the Muscidae from the Azeliinae through the Mydaeinae to the Muscinae were traced.
Order Diptera as a model in the studies of insect immunity: a review
Authors: TAKOV Danail Ilchev , OSTOICH Peter Vladislavov , TCHORBANOV Andrey Ivanov , PILARSKA Daniela Kirilova
Published: October 2020

Order Diptera is the most important group of animals when it comes to insect immunity research. The largest share of experimental data in the group falls on the genus Drosophila - a model species with a number of advantages. Other crucial representatives are those of the mosquito group, as they are vectors of a number of infectious diseases infecting higher vertebrates and humans. As representatives of the genera, Anopheles, Aedes and Culex are very significant model organisms. In total, more than 40 dipteran species are being actively studied as models in various aspects related to immunity. Together with the representatives of the order Lepidoptera, they are the major source of the knowledge gained so far on the defense mechanisms in insects. The current review demonstrates that the studies conducted on dipteran species concern all existing mechanisms of immune defense, namely antimicrobial peptides, signalingpathways, pathogen recognition, the different types of hemocytes, antiviral and other immune responses (phagocytosis, nodulation, melanization and encapsulation).
The Predictive Power of Baseline Hemoglobin for Transfusion Risk in Surgery Patients
Authors: Faris Philip M , Spence Richard K , Larholt Kay M , Sampson Allan R , Frei Dieter
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Preoperative hemoglobin concentration may be an important predictor of transfusion risk in surgical procedures with significant expected blood loss. Contemporary studies investigating transfusion risk with regard to the relationship between perioperative administration of Epoetin alfa and baseline hemoglobin provide data to test this hypothesis. The predictive power of seven preoperative variables (hemoglobin concentration, age, erythropoietin level, ferritin concentration, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and predicted blood volume) on transfusion risk was examined via retrospective logistic regression analysis of 276 orthopedic surgical patients. In the two studies used to perform the regression analysis, patients were treated daily with either Epoetin alfa or placebo. Based on the retrospective analyses, a prospective study was conducted to validate the hypothesis. Of the seven variables evaluated, baseline hemoglobin concentration and predicted blood volume were significantly predictive of transfusion risk in both Epoetin alfa- and placebo-treated patients. Further, an inverse correlation between hemoglobin concentration and transfusion risk was demonstrated in placebo-treated patients. Placebo-treated patients with hemoglobin > 10 to ≤ 13 g/dL had an approximately twofold greater risk of transfusion than patients with hemoglobin > 13 g/dL In contrast to placebo treatment, Epoetin alfa significantly reduced transfusion risk in patients with hemoglobin > 10 to ≤ 13 g/dL. Baseline hemoglobin concentration is an excellent predictor of transfusion risk in orthopedic surgical patients. As a result, hemoglobin testing should be considered a part of routine preoperative testing for orthopedic surgical patients.
Formative Assessment as an Online Instruction Intervention
Authors: Chen Zexuan , Jiao Jianli , Hu Kexin
Published: October 2020

Online education has long been suffering from high dropout rate and low achievement. However, both asynchronous and synchronous online instructions have to become effective to serve as a quick response to maintain undisrupted learning during the COVID-19 outbreak. The purpose of the present study was to examine student engagement, learning outcome, and students' perceptions of an online course featured with frequent tasks, quizzes, and tests as formative assessment. Data were collected from the first five weeks of a course that was temporarily converted from blended learning to be fully online in time of school closure. Analysis of students' learning records and scores indicated that students engaged themselves actively in all of the online learning activities and had gained high scores in all tasks, quizzes, and tests. In addition, students held positive perceptions towards the formative assessment.
Numerical Convergence in Wear Volume Prediction of UHMWPE Acetabular Cup Paired with cp Ti Femoral Head Hip Implants
Authors: Handoko Handoko , Suyitno Suyitno , Dharmastiti Rini , Magetsari Rahadyan
Published: October 2020

Wear is a problem for metal on polymer (MOP) hip implants to perform lifetime endurance. Polymer excessive volumetric loss leads to implant failures. Attempts to solve this problem are usually initiated with tribological tests. The method is time-consuming because the sliding speed is low. There is a faster way to use a computational method to gather wear data. This research aims to investigate the numerical convergence of predicted wear volume with the finite element method (FEM). The model is a commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) MOP hip implant. A dynamic Paul physiological load was applied to the model. Volumetric loss of the polymer was calculated with a wear equation involved nonlinear contact load and contact area. The inputs of calculation are wear factor and the computational contact mechanic performed by FEM. The wear factor was obtained by performing biotribological experiments with a multidirectional pin on disc tribotest. Predicted wear volume was validated with hip simulator experimental data from the literature. Convergences were found at the mesh density of 1.38 elements/mm3. An acceptable numerical error was obtained in the model with 1 mm element size for femoral head and 0.3 mm for acetabular cup. This model was then used for the investigation of load increment effects. The result is that load increment variations do not affect wear volume and contact mechanic numerical outputs. The calculated stresses are below the UHMWPE yield stress limit. In this elastic region, the effects of strain rate caused by load increment are negligible.
Effects of Aluminum and Manganese Addition on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Cu-29Zn Alloys
Authors: Basori Imam , Fadillah Rahman , Sari Yunita
Published: October 2020

Brass with Zn content up to 35 wt.% forms the single phase of α, further the Zn content above 35 wt.% will promotes the formation of β phase. The improvement of physical and mechanical properties of brass can be conducted by addition of alloying element with optimum composition. Previous research showed that the addition of Al on brass alloy accelerated the formation of β phase and changed the microstructure and mechanical properties. Some investigation have also described that the addition of Mn on brass alloy has the good effect on tensile strength, hardness, and elongation. However, the research regarding the effect of Al and Mn addition simultaneously has not been investigated. In this research, Cu-29Zn-xAl-xMn alloys were produced by gravity die casting using pure Cu, Zn and Al ingots as well as the Mn powder as the feeding materials. Addition of Al and Mn were fixed to 0.5 and 2 wt.%, respectively. The molted metal was poured into 600 °C preheated metal mold with dimension of 100x100x6 mm3. As-cast samples were homogenized at 800 °C for 2 h in a muffle furnace. Samples characterization includes chemical composition analysis, microstructure observation, tensile and hardness testing. The results described that addition of 0.58 Al (wt.%) on Cu-29Zn alloy showed the appearance of single phase (α) and tended to increase the tensile strength but decreased the elongation. On the other hand, the addition of 0.5 Al and 1.62 Mn (wt.%) simultaneously on Cu-29Zn alloy promoted the formation of second phase (β) which dispersed in the grain and along the grain boundary with irregular forms. The addition of 0.5 Al and 1.62 Mn (wt.%) on Cu-29Zn alloy simultaneously have also increased the hardness, yield and tensile strength without decreased the elongation significantly.
Deformation Analysis of Internal Fixation Plate on Femur Bone Fracture: A Study Case on Local Raw
Authors: Syaifudin Achmad , Kuswanto Djoko , Prasetyo Teguh Hari
Published: October 2020

In the case of femur bone fracture, internal fixation is usually applied for the treatment due to the convenience and amenities of follow-up care. Due to a high demand for internal fixation implants in Indonesia, causing Pelopor Teknologi Implantindo Inc. (PTI Inc., Mojokerto - Indonesia) produces conventional implant material made from annealed local raw material of 316L stainless steel, with a yield strength of 317 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 580 MPa. Compared to implant material in ASTM F138, it has a little higher value of both yield and ultimate tensile strength. To determine the effects of material type, normal stresses will be used to evaluate the fractured bone, while von Mises stresses will be used to analyze the strength of fixation plate. Besides, influence of material variation to the bone healing process is also discussed. Transversal-type fracture is chosen for fracture modeling of femoral shaft. The loading is taken from body weight of Asians, which is applied at femur head. The simulation result indicates that in the case of conventional fixation plate, there is no significant influence on the bone healing caused by different material type.
Reliability Evaluation of Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Heat-Treated TIG-Welded Al 6013-t4 by Two-Parameter Weibull
Authors: Ekaputra I Made Wicaksana , Haryadi Gunawan Dwi , Mardikus Stefan , Puja I Gusti Ketut , Dewa Rando Tungga
Published: October 2020

The limited data of fatigue crack growth (FCG) may cause an inaccuracy assessment of the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR). For particular parts in aircraft such as fuselage skin, a high-reliability degree due to FCG must be determined accurately for the design and safety requirements. Generally, the 6xxx series of aluminum alloy is used as the material for the fuselage skin in the aircraft. In this study, reliability evaluation of FCGR of heat-treated TIG-welded Al 6013-t4 was investigated by two-parameter Weibull. The FCG tests were conducted by following the ASTM E647 under three different artificial aging time conditions of 6, 18, and 24 hours. The C and m constant values were obtained by drawing the regression line from FCG data following Paris’s equation and analyzed employing three methods; the least square fitting method (LSFM), a mean value method (MVM), and a probabilistic distribution method (PDM). The result showed that the PDM and MVM showed a better-fitted line to assess the C and m values than LSFM. From the reliability viewpoints, the two-parameter Weibull was proposed to be applied as the PDM. Furthermore, the MCM was successful in evaluating the probabilistic assessment of the FCGR with the 85% confidence interval.
Tropical geometry and Newton–Okounkov cones for Grassmannian of planes from compactifications
Authors: Manon Christopher , Yang Jihyeon Jessie
Published: October 2020

We construct a family of compactifications of the affine cone of the Grassmannian variety of

$2$
-planes. We show that both the tropical variety of the Plücker ideal and familiar valuations associated to the construction of Newton–Okounkov bodies for the Grassmannian variety can be recovered from these compactifications. In this way, we unite various perspectives for constructing toric degenerations of flag varieties.
Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (Enhanced License)
Authors:   AS-4UCS Unmanned Systems Control Segment Architecture
Published: October 2020

Enhanced License and UML Model for Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (AS6969) allowing for greater usage as outlined in the terms of the Enhanced License.

 Data Dictionary for Quantities Used in Cyber Physical Systems (AS6969A) This data dictionary provides definitions for quantities commonly used in the command and control of cyber physical systems. It defines mathematical and logical terms, quantities, measurement units, reference systems, measurands, and measurements. It also defines common quantity modalities. The dictionary is structured to be convenient to data modelers. It is also extendable so that users can create their own quantity domains.
Theoretical Review on The Graduate Attributes and The Readiness for Employability Among Engineering Graduates in The Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in Oman
Authors: Hinai Masoud Rashid Al , Bhuiyan Abul Bashar , Husin Nor Azilah
Published: October 2020

The Omani higher education system has enlarged noticeably since 1970 both in the number of students and in the infrastructure.  As a result, there has been a big investment to provide quality higher educational institutes capable of providing suitable graduates to fulfill the requirements of the labor. The mean purpose of the higher education system is to provide the nation with the quality education that meets the requirements of the 21st century with graduates having readiness for employability skills and competencies. However, The skills gap between HEIs graduates and industrial requirements in Oman and other regional Gulf countries is seen as one of the most important factors that affect the employment of graduates in the private sector because the graduate readiness for employability did not consider the graduate attributes factors which influence graduate readiness for employability. Therefore, the main objective of the current study is to determine the effects of the graduates’ attributes on the readiness for employability and justified with existing theories in the higher educational institutes in Oman. Specifically, this study intends to determine the influencing factors that contribute to the readiness of Engineering Graduates for Employability in the Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) in Oman. The study reviews the current literature on the effects of graduates’ attributes on the readiness for employability especially for Omani engineering graduates as the main source of information. The study is designed to determine and analyze graduates’ attributes factors and elements. The literature utilized for this study covers the latest literature (from 2013 to 2019) extracted from Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Scopus. The four main keywords used were ‘higher education’, ‘graduate attributes ‘or ‘readiness for employability, and ‘skills gap and justify with most relevant theories in the particular area’. The study summarized the empirical review on the graduate attributes which analyses the effects of graduate attributes on the graduates’ readiness for employability that will be considered as an empirical study on the graduates of the engineering colleges in Oman. The study explored review findings on the graduate readiness for employability framework from different graduates’ attributes and provisions perspectives. The results of the study will fill the gap in understanding the main graduate attributes factors affecting the attainment of graduates’ readiness for employability skills which has justified with most relevant theories in the particular. The study also recommends a policy guideline for ensuring of readiness of engineering graduates for employability in the HEIs in Oman.
Vietnamese Surface Mining - Training and scientific research for integrating the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Bui Nam Xuan , Ho Giao Si ,   Department of Surface Mining, Mining Faculty, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology  Vietnam Association of Mining Science and Technology
Published: October 2020

Department of Surface Mining, belonging to Faculty of Mining, of Hanoi University of Mining and Geology (HUMG), is one of the most traditional departments in HUMG, with 55 experience years in training Diplom Engineer, Master of Engineering and Doctor of Engineering for Vietnam. Surface Mining has an important role in Vietnamese Mining Industry, especially in mining coal, ore and building materials. To enhance the surface mining effect, high - quality labour force training and scientific research is very important, especially in the trend of integrating the fourth industrial revolution. The pape confirms the role of surface mining; lists the achievements of the Surface Mining Department; summaries the challenges of Vietnamese Surface Mining and trend of mining industry in integrating the fourth industrial revolution, and proposes some orientations in training and scientific research of Vietnamese Surface Mining for sustainable development.
Health and Safety among open - pit mining industry: Current situation and recommendations
Authors: Nguyen Tho Anh , Nguyen Bich Ngoc ,   Administration of Occupational Safety - Ministry of Labour - Invalid and Social Welfare, Vietnam  Faculty of Environmental and Occupational Health, Hanoi University of Public Health, Vietnam
Published: October 2020

Mining industry has long development history and is among the most developed industry contributed to the economy of the country. Working in the sector is also considered as heavy and hazardous duty. The Law on Occupational Safety and Hygiene was passed and enacted in 2016, and different sub - law guiding documents were developed to regulate about working environment and risk control solution required for all industries especially for risky industry like mining. However, implementation and enforcement of Law was still inadequte. This review report aims to discuss about current situation of health and safety issues among the sector and to propose some possible solutions. Reults show that number of accidents and number of deaths was increasing. Prevalence of silicosis and hearing imparement among workers in the sector was among top ranking industries. It was recommended that monitoring, supervision and enforcement should be invested properly. Different technologies and innovations should also be applied on reducing the risk of occupational injury and diseases.
A survey on student pharmacists' knowledge, attitude and perceptions about drug and poison information elective rotation in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Banji Otilia J F , Machanchery Shamna , Banji David , Albarraq Ahmed A , Makeen Hafiz A
Published: October 2020

Background: Drug and poison information (DPI) elective rotation develops interns into drug information experts, educators, and policymakers. DPI is an important pharmaceutical service built on technical skills, knowledge and expertise.
Aim: A pre- and post-rotation survey to assess the current knowledge, attitude and perceptions of student pharmacists about DPI rotation.
Methods: Three cohorts of student pharmacists responded to the survey, which was composed of closed- and open-ended questions. Descriptive statistics, McNemar's test, and Chi-square test were utilised for data analysis.
Results: Knowledge of primary resources increased from 37.2% to 85.6% at the end of the rotation. In the beginning, only 13.8% were aware of Pharmacy and Therapeutic committee related activities, and 15.9% considered identification adverse drug reactions as auxiliary responsibilities. However, the proportion increased to 82% and 83.5% by the end of the rotation. Both at the beginning and the end, student pharmacists felt the training was essential to appraise literature. Twice the number of respondents expressed that there were job opportunities in the DPI centre post-rotation compared with the pre-rotation response (p<0.001). The perception of responding to queries at their own pace was significantly reversed post-rotation (p<0.001). A significant association was found between opportunities in DPI centre and motivation to choose this rotation (p<0.05). Also, knowledge of primary resources with previous research was significantly associated (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Interventions such as journal club, guest lectures and visit to the DPI centre significantly improved the knowledge, attitude and perceptions of student pharmacists towards this DPI rotation.
Satisfacción estudiantil de la gestión docente de una universidad pública de Huánuco-Perú
Authors: Llanos de Tarazona Marina I. , Perales-Flores Roberto S. , Marcelo-Armas Maricela L.
Published: October 2020

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la relación entre el desempeño docente y la satisfacción académica de los estudiantes de una universidad pública de Huánuco. Fue un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo correlacional. Se encuestó a 87 estudiantes universitarios de enfermería durante el 2019. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron las escalas: desempeño docente y satisfacción académica, previamente validada y fiabilizadas. Se aplicaron las consideraciones éticas para la investigación. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y el análisis bivariado fue mediante la prueba estadística Rho de Spearman para un valor p ≤ 0,05 y 95% de confianza. En general, el desempeño docente percibida por los estudiantes de enfermería, alcanzó un nivel regular en 81,6% (71 estudiantes), asimismo, 12,6% (11 estudiantes) señalaron buen desempeño y 5,7% desempeño deficiente. En relación a la satisfacción académica, predominó e3l nivel medio en 87,4% (70) y satisfacción alta en 12,6% (11). Se obtuvo relación positiva y significativa entre la satisfacción académica y las competencias: específicas genéricas y básicas, confrontado por el coeficiente Rho de Spearman cuyo valor fue rs = 0,50 con p≤0,000, siendo estadísticamente significativa. En conclusiones se observó relación moderada estadísticamente significativa entre el desempeño docente y la satisfacción académica de los estudiantes universitarios, evidenciándose que a mayor desempeño docente, es mayor la satisfacción estudiantil (p ≤ 0,05).
Gestión del desarrollo de actividades académicas y utilización de las TIC por universitarios de Huánuco
Authors: Portocarrero-Veramendi Ewer R. , Escandón-Munguía Saúl A. , Bao-Condor Carlos L.
Published: October 2020

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo, determinar la relación entre la gestión del desarrollo de actividades académicas y la utilización de las TIC por universitarios de Huánuco. Métodos. El estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo con diseño correlacional, con una muestra seleccionada por método de muestreo probabilística estratificada conformada por 245 estudiantes de las Facultades de Educación, Administración y Enfermería de una universidad pública de Huánuco. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la técnica de encuesta, cuyos instrumentos fueron el cuestionario de medición de la gestión del aprendizaje y el cuestionario de medición de la frecuencia y amplitud del uso de las TIC, los cuales fueron previamente validados y fiabilizados. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo y las hipótesis se comprobaron mediante la prueba X2 de Pearson. Se aplicaron las consideraciones éticas de la investigación. Resultados. Se observó que 62.9% (154) de los estudiantes universitarios, utilizaron las TIC en el nivel medio, 22%(54) en el nivel alto y 15.1%(37) en el nivel bajo. Respecto a la descripción de la gestión del desarrollo de las actividades académicas, la mayoría expresaron un nivel regular [73.1%(179)], 17.1%(42) un nivel óptimo y 9.8%(24] un nivel deficiente. Conclusión. Se determina la existencia de relación entre la gestión del desarrollo de actividades académicas y la utilización de las TIC, por estudiantes universitarios de Huánuco, 2019 (X2=178.752 para 4 grados de libertad y p = 0.000).
REACTION OF THE LYMPHOID SPLENIC TISSUE IN WHITE MICE ON AMYLOIDOGENESIS
Authors: Ilyina Liliya Yu. , Kozlov Vadim A. , Sapozhnikov Sergey P. , Geraev Ruslan A.
Published: October 2020

The reaction of lymphoid splenic tissue of mice on albumin model of systemic amyloidosis (case group, N = 5) was studied and compared to a similar indicator of intact mice (N = 5). Paraffin sections of the spleen, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red, were microscoped in a regredient LED white light on "Lumam-4" microscope. The absolute area of lymphatic follicles (LFs), their diameters and the area of amyloid lesion were measured on microphotos obtained with the help of video-eyepiece Levenhuk C800 NG 8M in LevenhukLite program. The obtained data were used for calculating the indicators: the relative areas of amyloid lesion (SrelA)), the red (SrelKB) and the white (SrelBP) pulp, the red/white pulp index, LFs' ovalityindex. The number of LFs was counted in the field of vision at magnification of 100. The obtained data were processed using the methods of descriptive and variative statistics and presented in the form of M±m, where M is the mean, m is the standard deviation. Differences of the means were determined using z test. The morphological pattern of the spleen in intact mice corresponded to the histological norm. The wet mass of the spleen in intact animals was 0.75±0.01 g, no signs of amyloidosis were found. In the case group, the wet mass of the spleen increased to 2.2±0.06 g (p=0.000), SrelA was 33.85± 3.39%. The average number of LFs in the field of vision did not change. The diameters by the large and small axes differed by 18% in intact animals and by 6.6% in experimental ones (p=0.000). Respectively, the area of LFs decreased by 11.2% and the ovality index increased by 10.3% (p = 0.0066) in experimental mice. SrelKB and SrelBPdid not change during the formation of amyloidosis. But the Red/White Pulp Index increased by 59.2% (p=0.008). Simulation of amyloidosis in experimental animals was accompanied by a significant increase in the area of the red pulp and by a reduction in the area of white pulp. Thus, the calculated relative morphometric indicators are more informative than the directly measured initial data; the wet mass of the spleen during experimental amyloidosis formation significantly increases; the lymphoid tissue of the spleen readily responds to amyloidogenesis by the change in the ratio of the red and white pulp, as well as by the change in the shape and the area of the lymph follicles.
Occupational safety in nurses working in a tertiary care hospital in Turkey
Authors: Gulsah Camci  , Sidika Oguz  , Turabi Karadag  , Betul Bayrak
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective: To determine the occupational safety of nurses working in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: The cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital at Kocaeli University, Turkey, from January to March 2016, and comprised nurses working at the hospital. A questionnaire and the occupational safety scale were used to collect data. The Occupational Safety Scale has seven subscales. Frequencies, percentages, mean values and standard deviations were calculated during data analysis.

Results: Of the 200 nurses, 180(90%) were female and 88(44%) had 6-11 years of professional experience. The overall mean score of the scale was 2.593±0.770. Nurses working in daytime had better score on the healthcare screening and registry systems subscale compared to nurses working in shifts (p=0.020). There were no differences between the other subscales and work patterns (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The nurses were found to have poor occupational safety.

Key Words: Nurse, Occupational safety, Occupational health, Occupational disease

Continuous...
PREPARATION AND COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA VACCINES USING EOLANE-150 AND EOLANE-170 AS OIL ADJUVANTS FOR CATTLE AND BUFFALO
Authors: Shahzad W. , Zameer B. , Sanghi S. H. , Hussain S. , Mustafa N.
Published: October 2020

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) caused by Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2 is an economically important disease of cattle and buffalo, causes heavy economic losses due to sudden death of animals in developing countries like Pakistan. In this country, animals are vaccinated by alum (adjuvant) precipitated vaccine twice a year. Immunity induced through this prophylactic measure lasts for 3-4 months only. Two new HS oil based vaccines were prepared by using two new oil adjuvants such as Eolane-150 and Eolane-170. The ratio of bacterial antigen and oil adjuvants was 1:1 while bacterial dry weight was adjusted to 2 mg/ml. The addition of enrichments and aeration resulted in dense bacterial growth of Pasteurella multocida. Both new vaccines passed sterility, safety and potency tests as per OIE, 2017. Active and passive Mouse Protection Tests were performed to evaluate its potency. Indirect Haem-Agglutination (IHA) test was conducted on serum samples of two rabbits, groups each of which was vaccinated with HS oil based vaccines adjuvanted with Eolane-150 and Eolane-170. IHA indicated that immune response was higher (GMT=32) initially on 45th day to 75th day post vaccination and then declined (GMT=16) in the rabbits vaccinated with HS vaccine adjuvanted with Eolane-150, while protective immune response remained constant (GMT=16) up to ninety days post vaccination in the rabbits vaccinated with HS vaccine adjuvanted with Eolane-170. Vaccines were easy to inject with no side effects, including swelling at the injection site and longer protection as well. That would hopefully motivate the livestock owners and farmers to use this new product to protect their animals against this fatal HS disease.
RESPONSE AND ACCLIMATIZATION OF INTRODUCED JUJUBE (ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA) VARIETY FOR THE UPLIFT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AT DESERT AREA OF THARPARKAR, SINDH, PAKISTAN
Authors: Pathan A. K. , Depar M. S. , Kalroo M. W. , Rajput I. A. , Ahmed R.
Published: October 2020

Current study was carried out for adaptability and response of newly introduced jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) variety in desert area of district Umerkot, Sindh with poor quality groundwater (>3500 ppm TSS). Aim of the study was to acclimatize this variety under harsh conditions to uplift the socio-economic situation of local population. The study was carried out for five consecutive fruiting seasons viz. flowering and fruiting season 2013-2014 to 2017-2018. The results revealed that during first fruiting season 2014-15, there were only three branches plant-1, 154 to 239 fruits branch-1, 462 to 879 fruits plant-1, 25.5 to 46.7 g fruit weight, 8.4 to 9.2 mm fruit size, 4.1 to 7.7 kg fruit yield plant-1 and 442.8 to 831.6 kg fruit yield acre-1. But from the third year to onwards i.e from 2015 to 2018 a continuous increase was observed for all characters studied like number of branches plant-1 increased from 5 to 8, number of fruits branch-1 increased from 339 to 375, total fruits plant-1 increased from 1695 to 2538, weight of fruit was increased from 58.6 to 107.15 g, size of fruit increased from 9.2 to 9.8 mm, yield plant-1 was increased from 11.0 to 31.45 kg, yield acre-1 was increased from 1188 to 3396 kg and water use efficiency increased from 2.7 to 10.6 kg m3. Considering the above results, it was concluded that Ziziphus fruit yield, weight and size increases from third year to onwards significantly on brackish water and soil of arid areas of Thar. Pruning each year after fruit harvesting was found to be essential. As this plant with stands in harsh climate of Thar desert successfully, so it provides food in the form of fruits, fodder through leaves and wood for fuel and shelter for humans and animals, thus it will be helpful to the people of Thar in terms of malnutrition, food scarcity and climate change, as well.
IMPACT OF GREEN REVOLUTION POLICY ON RURAL POVERTY IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT SHAHEED BENAZIRABAD SINDH
Authors: Joyo A. A. , Jariko G. A. , Channa Z. H.
Published: October 2020

This paper determines the relationship between green revolution policy and rural poverty in Pakistan and also to find the poverty status in the study area. The data collection was based on primary and secondary sources of information. The primary data was collected from 405 respondents living in the district Shaheed Benazirabad, through field survey where as secondary data was collected from various published articles. The data was analyzed with the help of Statistical Package developed for Social Sciences (SPSS-20). The key respondents were divided into three categories of farmers i.e. 325 respondents were small size land owner farmers, 42 respondents were medium size land owners and 38 were large size land owners. These all farmers had total 4044 acres. This study focused on wheat and cotton crops cultivated by all farmers in the district. The secondary data covers per hectare yield of food and cash crops grown in the district that increased the income of farmers and reduced poverty. The average family size included in the study was six members. The poverty line was measured by the method Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) introduced by the Planning Commission of Pakistan; that is Rs.3030/- monthly expenditure of each family member. The results obtained from the study indicated that the average monthly expenditure of small farmers was Rs.18,989/- and their income was Rs.17,439/- (Rs.17,439 - Rs.18,989 -1550). The number of small farmers was 325, who were below the poverty line in winter season (wheat crop) only; the winter season is the second crop sowing season in Pakistan.
REVIVING NIGERIAN RUBBER INDUSTRY
Authors: Sadiq M. S. , Singh I. P. , Ahmad M. M.
Published: October 2020

The present research empirically looks at the possibility of devising a mechanism of reviving Nigerian rubber industry. The research used dated data that spanned from 1961 to 2017 and it covered production, area, yield and producer’s price (rubber). The data were drawn from the FAO database and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Empirical evidence showed that the incremental change in the country’s rubber production was majorly driven by area effect which necessitates area risk owing to pressure on the limited available land for other purposes to be the main factor that affected the average output of rubber in the country. Furthermore, the future of the sub-sector is not promising owing to the fact that the slight gentle rise in the forecasted production trend will be driven by a gentle incremental rise in annual area as the annual yield level year-in-year-out plummeted. The decrease in the forecasted annual yield levels will be as a result of non-productive income and not technology, because farmers are at the mercy of the Licensed Buyers (LBs) who exploit them given that they used collusive effect other than allow the market forces to determine the prevailing market price as they serve as the major link to the importing markets. Therefore, the study recommends that the farmers should constitute themselves into viable co-operative organizations in order to venture into export marketing so that they can take advantage of their bargaining power.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-PROTOZOAL ACTIVITY OF PEGANUM HARMALA (HARMAL) AGAINST BABESIOSIS IN CATTLE
Authors: Saleem M. I. , Mahfooz S. A. , Ashraf M. M. , Jafar M. M. , Ashar A.
Published: October 2020

Babesia gradually attains resistance against the allopathic medicines due to their frequent use. To overcome the resistance, herbal therapy is getting more attention. The current study was planned to monitor the efficacy of Peganum harmala against babesiosis in cattle. The blood was collected from ear vein of cattle having high infestation of ticks. A thin blood smear was prepared and stained. Through survey 74 animals were found positive for tick-borne pathogens with an overall prevalence of 19.27%. Babesia sp. was the most prevalent (9.38%; 36/384) haemoparasite, followed in order by Theileria sp. (5.20%, 20/384) and Anaplasma sp. (4.69%, 18/384). All blood samples were subjected to PCR and it was found that 40/384 (10.41%) blood samples were harbouring Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. From positive animals for Babesia 30 cattles were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each viz A, B and C, all groups were tested with the water extract of P. harmala @ 7.5 mg kg-1, 10 mg kg-1 and 12.5 mg kg-1 body weight by intramuscular route, at interval of 12, 24 and 36 h. Ten healthy animals were selected as control in group D. Three animals with moderate infection, 8-9 animals of group A, B and C were recovered, during 48 h after treatment. Two animals each from A, B and one from group C were not cured and died. Five animals from group A were not cured till 36 h of the treatment. Group D of healthy untreated animals were well as they were. Results showed that there was a significant increase in WBCs, including increase in leukocytes and neutrophils in animals infected, whereas number of RBCs and HB decreases. This study concluded that infected cattle treated with water extract of P. harmala 12.5 mg kg-1, recovered early (P<0.01) compared to that of 7.5 and 10 mg kg-1.
INFLUENCE OF SOCIALIZATION ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF LEARNERS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT AT INCLUSIVE PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KENYA: A CASE IN THAWABU PRIMARY OF NAIROBI CITY COUNTY
Authors: Owuor Everlyne Achieng , Awori Beatrice Bunyasi , Otieno Syprine A.
Published: October 2020

Purpose: This research aimed at determining the influence of socialization on performance of learners with hearing impairment at Thawabu Inclusive Public Primary School in Nairobi, Kenya. The objectives were to; establish modes of communication that promote socialization in an inclusive environment; establish strategies for boosting socialization to enhance academic performance; and establish challenges facing teachers in enhancing socialization to improve academic performance of learners with hearing impairment.

Methodology: The research design was a case study design. Structured questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. Purposive sampling was employed to select the school and learners with hearing impairment while hearing learners were randomly selected.

Findings: The study found that: modes of communication among learners with hearing impairment, hearing learners and teachers create social and educational change for improvement of academic standards in the school and narrows the gap between those with hearing impairment and their hearing counterparts. Strategies like family support program (assisting children and families in language learning), family-infant-toddler program, and competent and consistent administration system promote learning. Socialization influences incidental learning of learners with hearing impairment to put them at par with their hearing peers on matters related to both academic performance and social advancement. Socialization makes learners with hearing impairment comfortable, self-esteemed, and self-actualized, hence improving educational performance.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study may help to promote attitudinal, psychological and educational change in all stakeholders for inclusive education to be a success and meaningful to learners with hearing impairment. The study recommends that the government should add specially qualified teachers of learners with hearing impairment in Thawabu among other inclusive public schools in Kenya to help promote socialization and to increase inclusivity of leaners with hearing impairment.
Қашқадарё вилояти шароитида полиз экинларидан ажратилган ва аниқланган замбуруғ турлари тавсифи
Authors: Майлиева Д. , Авазов Сардоржон
Published: October 2020

Илмий мақолада асосан Қашқадарё вилояти шароитида экилган полиз экинларининг асосий замбуруғли касалликлари улардан аниқланган ва ажратиб олинган замбуруғ турлари хақида маълумотлар келтирилган. Қашқадарё вилояти шароитида экилган полиз экинларидан  ажратилган касал қўзғатувчи замбуруғлар  24 та тур ва 8 та оилага мансуб эканлиги аниқланди.

Улардан қовунда 20 та тур ва 7 та оила,тарвуз экинларида эса 17 та тур 2 оилага мансуб замбуруғлар аниқланди. Аниқланган турлар ичида қовун ва тарвуз экинларини энг кўп зарарлаган турларAlt.cucurbitae, Alt.cucumerina, B.cinerea, C.cucumerinum, F.gibbosum, F.moniliforme, F.solani, Peronoplasmopora cubensis, Thielаviopsis basicola, Verticillium dahliae турлари эканлиги малум бўлди.
Digitalization of the Energy Sector as A Current Trend for Improving the Efficiency of Technological Work in Industries
Authors: Uteyev Bakytnur , Abishova Saltanat
Published: October 2020

Goals of the research are to present the analysis of the key areas of digital energy and smart electric networks for the current and up to 10 years, a review of modern hardware and software solutions for the implementation of integrated information systems. To process the primary information, general scientific methods including an abstract-logical research method were used. This includes examples of best practices worldwide from analytical reviews and databases.

The digital electric power system forms a single distributed space of information technologies, combining information from primary sensors of energy system objects and its users to common technological, economic, forecasting and behavioral models. Integration of management solutions through digital platforms provides fast, flexible, reliable, safe and cost-effective adaptation of all types of relationships between objects and subjects of the energy system. This optimally satisfies the ever-changing energy needs of resources.

The direction of energy systems in the world contributes to their "digital transition", a fundamental change in the internal institutional architecture and strategic management. In Kazakhstan, the inefficiency of the electric power industry is becoming a limiting factor for the modernization of the economy in the context of globalization. The terms "digital energy" and "digitalization" appeared in the context of the formation of a digital economy. Digital energy is the assembly and development of a combination of industrial and economic relations in the industry based on digital approaches and tools. From many definitions of the digital economy, it follows that its special subject is economic activity, commercial operations and professional interactions, built on new principles using information and communication technologies.
Competitiveness of Kazakhstani National Economy: Problems and Prospects for Overcoming
Authors: Sailaubek Sabina
Published: October 2020

The study of customer loyalty is an important part of the activity of any enterprise, which allows achieving significant economic indicators. In modern economic conditions of development of the sphere of tourism and hospitality, consumer behavior is increasingly being evaluated as an indicator of competitiveness of the hotel. For effective development of mini hotels, the number of which is gradually growing, it is important to study the needs and wishes of potential customers. The formation of customer loyalty of hotel services is a difficult task, hotel managers have to analyze not only the needs of consumers, but also the behavior in the market of other hotel enterprises, as well as use the mechanisms of «individualization» of service. The object of the research in the article is consumer behavior in general, and loyalty of guests in particular. The subject of the study is the influence of guest loyalty on the development of mini-hotels. The theoretical side of the article is to study the preferences of hotel customers and identify groups of factors that influence the formation of customer loyalty of hotel services, as well as the needs of customers when visiting certain hotel enterprises. The article analyzes   the   theoretical   and practical   aspects   of   the  formation  of motivation of potential and real customers of mini-hotels, focuses on the role of marketing management of mini hotels. Based on the conducted survey, groups of consumer preferences of mini-hotel clients were identified. The finding results from the article helped to identify the main motivation of potential customers to make the choice in favor of particular hotel. Customer preferences when choosing a mini-hotel include such variables as: favorable living conditions, comfortable psychological climate, level of service. The empirical main conditions of the article are to generalize the main factors of sustainable development of mini-hotels as one of the forms of development of the hotel industry and increase the tourist attractiveness of the region.