bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation into using resonant frequency measurements to predict the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by selective laser melting
Authors: Todd Mark A. , Hunt James , Todd Iain
Published: June 2019

There is a need to qualify additively manufactured parts that are used in highly regulated industries such as aerospace and nuclear power. This paper investigates the use of resonant ultrasound measurements to predict the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by selective laser melting using a Renishaw AM 250. It is first demonstrated whyR2should not be used to assess the predictive capability of a model, before introducing a method for calculating predictedR2, which is then used to assess the models. It is found that a linear model with the resonant frequency peaks as predictors cannot be used to predict elongation at failure or reduction in area. However, linear models did demonstrate better predictive capabilities for Young’s modulus, yield strength, and especially ultimate tensile strength.
NFATc3 controls tumour growth by regulating proliferation and migration of human astroglioma cells
Authors: Urso Katia , Fernández Andrés , Velasco Patricia , Cotrina Javier , de Andrés Belén , Sánchez-Gómez Pilar , Hernández-Laín Aurelio , Hortelano Sonsoles , Redondo Juan Miguel , Cano Eva
Published: June 2019

Calcium/Calcineurin/Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (Ca/CN/NFAT) signalling pathway is the main calcium (Ca2+) dependent signalling pathway involved in the homeostasis of brain tissue. Here, we study the presence of NFATc members in human glioma by using U251 cells and a collection of primary human glioblastoma (hGB) cell lines. We show that NFATc3 member is the predominant member. Furthermore, by using constitutive active NFATc3 mutant and shRNA lentiviral vectors to achieve specific silencing of this NFATc member, we describe cytokines and molecules regulated by this pathway which are required for the normal biology of cancer cells. Implanting U251 in an orthotopic intracranial assay, we show that specific NFATc3 silencing has a role in tumour growth. In addition NFATc3 knock-down affects both the proliferation and migration capacities of glioma cellsin vitro. Our data open the possibility of NFATc3 as a target for the treatment of glioma.
Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation modulates spatial memory in young healthy adults
Authors: Hilliard Danica , Passow Susanne , Thurm Franka , Schuck Nicolas W. , Garthe Alexander , Kempermann Gerd , Li Shu-Chen
Published: June 2019

Hippocampal and striatal circuits play important roles in spatial navigation. These regions integrate environmental information and receive intrinsic afferent inputs from the vestibular system. Past research indicates that galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is a non-invasive technique that modulates hippocampal and striatal activities. There are also evidences for enhanced motor and cognitive functions through GVS. This study extends previous research to investigate whether noisy GVS may improve hippocampal- and striatal-associated aspects of spatial navigation performance. Using a virtual navigation task, we examined effects of noisy GVS on spatial learning and memory. To probe the participants’ sensitivity to hippocampal- or striatal-associated spatial information, we either enlarged the virtual environment’s boundary or replaced an intra-environmental location cue, respectively. Noisy GVS or sham stimulation was applied online during the learning phase in a within-subject crossover design. The results showed that noisy GVS enhanced spatial learning and the sensitivity foremost to hippocampal-dependent spatial information both in males and females. Individual differences in spatial working memory capacity moderated the effects of GVS, with individuals with lower capacity benefitting more from the stimulation. Furthermore, sex-related differences in GVS effects on the two forms of spatial representations may reflect differences between males and females in preferred spatial strategies.
Adult Pgf−/− mice behaviour and neuroanatomy are altered by neonatal treatment with recombinant placental growth factor
Authors: Kay Vanessa R. , Cahill Lindsay S. , Hanif Anas , Sled John G. , Carmeliet Peter , Tayade Chandrakant , Croy B. Anne
Published: June 2019

Offspring of preeclamptic pregnancies have cognitive alterations. Placental growth factor (PGF), is low in preeclampsia; reduced levels may affect brain development. PGF-null mice differ from normal congenic controls in cerebrovasculature, neuroanatomy and behavior. Using brain imaging and behavioral testing, we asked whether developmentally asynchronous (i.e. neonatal) PGF supplementation alters the vascular, neuroanatomic and/or behavioral status ofPgf−/−mice at adulthood. C57BL/6-Pgf−/−pups were treated intraperitoneally on postnatal days 1–10 with vehicle or PGF at 10 pg/g, 70 pg/g or 700 pg/g. These mice underwent behavioral testing and perfusion for MRI and analysis of retinal vasculature. A second cohort of vehicle- or PGF-treated mice was perfused for micro-CT imaging. 10 pg/g PGF-treated mice exhibited less locomotor activity and greater anxiety-like behavior relative to vehicle-treated mice. Depressive-like behavior showed a sex-specific, dose-dependent decrease and was lowest in 700 pg/g PGF-treated females relative to vehicle-treated females. Spatial learning did not differ. MRI revealed smaller volume of three structures in the 10 pg/g group, larger volume of seven structures in the 70 pg/g group and smaller volume of one structure in the 700 pg/g group. No cerebral or retinal vascular differences were detected. Overall, neonatal PGF replacement altered behavior and neuroanatomy of adultPgf−/−mice.
Monitoring 2,3′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl with a rapid and sensitive environmental aptamer sensor
Authors: Liu Siyao , Chen Qianqian , Wang Zhiming , Cao Tongcheng , Zhao Guohua , Zhou Yongxin
Published: June 2019

A highly sensitive, selective and reproducible environmental aptamer sensor has successfully been fabricated for 2,3′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl assay.
Glycated collagen – a 3D matrix system to study pathological cell behavior
Authors: Dandia Hiren , Makkad Khushi , Tayalia Prakriti
Published: June 2019

Anin vitro3D glycated matrix system to study the interplay of diabetes and cancer.
Evaluating liver uptake and distribution of different poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) modified lysine dendrimers following intravenous administration
Authors: England Richard M. , Moss Jennifer I. , Hill Kathryn J. , Elvevold Kjetil , Smedsrød Bård , Ashford Marianne B.
Published: June 2019

Residual charge and drug modification determine the cellular distribution in the liver for poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) modified lysine dendrimers.
Dielectric properties and the role of grain boundaries in polycrystalline tetracene at high pressures
Authors: Wang Qinglin , Sang Dandan , Guo Shitai , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Wenjun , Zhang Bingyuan , Hu Haiquan , Fan Quli , Liu Cailong
Published: June 2019

Dielectric properties and the role of grain boundaries in polycrystalline tetracene under pressure were investigated using impedance and computational methods.
Recent progress made in the mechanism comprehension and design of electrocatalysts for alkaline water splitting
Authors: Hu Congling , Zhang Lei , Gong Jinlong
Published: June 2019

Alkaline water splitting is an attractive method for sustainable hydrogen production.
Electrochemical synthesis of enaminones via a decarboxylative coupling reaction
Authors: Kong Xianqiang , Liu Yulong , Lin Long , Chen Qianjin , Xu Bo
Published: June 2019

Metal-free and oxidant-free n-Bu4NI as a redox catalyst and electrolyte.
Open source acoustofluidics
Authors: Bachman Hunter , Fu Hai , Huang Po-Hsun , Tian Zhenhua , Embry-Seckler Jonah , Rufo Joseph , Xie Zhemiao , Hartman Jessica H. , Zhao Shuaiguo , Yang Shujie , Meyer Joel N. , Huang Tony Jun
Published: June 2019

An Arduino based control system enables operation of acoustofluidic devices at the point-of-care.
The facile synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of a graphitic carbon nitride isotype heterojunction with ordered mesopores
Authors: Jiang Tingshun , Du Ying , Dong Mingfeng , Zhao Qian
Published: June 2019

In order to improve the photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride, we prepared a g-C3N4 isotype heterojunction with ordered mesopores through simple one-step calcination.
A La-doped ZnO ultra-flexible flutter-piezoelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting and sensing applications: a novel renewable source of energy
Authors: Pandey Rajagopalan , Khandelwal Gaurav , Palani Iyamperumal Anand , Singh Vipul , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: June 2019

Doped zinc oxide nanorods synthesized via a wet chemical approach were used to fabricate an ultra-flexible flutter-piezoelectric nanogenerator (UF-PENG) for superior energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications.
Observing the colloidal stability of iron oxide nanoparticlesin situ
Authors: Hufschmid Ryan , Teeman Eric , Mehdi B. Layla , Krishnan Kannan M. , Browning Nigel D.
Published: June 2019

Iron oxide nanoparticle surface chemistry controls growth and dissolution, which are observed in real-time usingin situliquid cell Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM).
A homogeneous p–n junction diode by selective doping of few layer MoSe2 using ultraviolet ozone for high-performance photovoltaic devices
Authors: Zheng Xiaoming , Wei Yuehua , Liu Jinxin , Wang Shitan , Shi Jiao , Yang Hang , Peng Gang , Deng Chuyun , Luo Wei , Zhao Yuan , Li Youzhen , Sun Kuanglv , Wan Wen , Xie Haipeng , Gao Yongli , Zhang Xueao , Huang Han
Published: June 2019

We demonstrate the formation of MoSe2 p–n homojunction via partial modification, which shows good photo response.
A styryl based fluorogenic probe with high affinity for a cyclodextrin derivative
Authors: Chakraborty Goutam , Ray Alok K. , Singh Prabhat K. , Pal Haridas
Published: June 2019

A styryl-based fluorogenic near-IR probe registers a very high association constant with sulfobutylether substituted β-cyclodextrin host, having prospects as biological marker and improved pH and temperature sensor.
Sequence controlled copolymerization of lactide and a functional cyclic carbonate using stereoselective aluminum catalysts
Authors: Hua Xiufang , Liu Xinli , Cui Dongmei
Published: June 2019

Stereoselective aluminum complexes were applied for the ROP of LA and MAC producing functional copolyesters with quasi-diblock, tapered, gradient and random sequence distributions.
Fast track access to multi-block copolymers via thiol-bromo click reaction of telechelic dibromo polymers
Authors: Beyer Valentin P. , Cattoz Beatrice , Strong Anthony , Phillips Daniel J. , Schwarz Andrew , Remzi Becer C.
Published: June 2019

Multi-block copolymers offer a plethora of exciting properties, easily tuned by modulating parameters such as monomer composition, block length, block number and dispersity.
Investigation of annealing effects on the physical properties of Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe1.5Al0.5O4 ferrite
Authors: Lahouli R. , Massoudi J. , Smari M. , Rahmouni H. , Khirouni K. , Dhahri E. , Bessais L.
Published: June 2019

In the present study, the structural, morphological, electrical, and dielectric properties of Ni0.6Zn0.4Fe1.5Al0.5O4 annealed at 600 °C, 900 °C, and 1200 °C were investigated.
Characterization of glycan isomers using magnetic carbon nanoparticles as a MALDI co-matrix
Authors: Banazadeh Alireza , Nieman Reed , Goli Mona , Peng Wenjing , Hussein Ahmed , Bursal Ercan , Lischka Hans , Mechref Yehia
Published: June 2019

Magnetic carbon nanoparticles as a MALDI co-matrix enable isomeric characterization of glycans in biological samples.
Density functional theory (DFT) investigation on the structure and photocatalysis properties of double-perovskite Gd1−xCaxBaCo2O5+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4)
Authors: Zhang Rong , Xiang Bo , Xu Lei , Xia Liru , Lu Chunhua
Published: June 2019

Ca-doping affects the overall catalytic efficiency by adjusting the distribution of Co valence states and oxygen vacancies due to the strengthening of the charge transfer between O-2p and Co-3d orbitals upon substitution of Gd by Ca.
In situ fast analysis of cadmium in rice by diluted acid extraction-anodic stripping voltammetry
Authors: Zhang Jie-qiong , Zhou Ming-hui , Tian Wei , Wu Yan-xiang , Chen Xi , Wang Song-xue
Published: June 2019

Diluted acid extraction combined with an electrochemical platform achieve analysis on-site in fields or grain depots.
Killing two birds with one stone: a Cu ion redox mediator for a non-aqueous Li–O2 battery
Authors: Deng Han , Qiao Yu , Zhang Xueping , Qiu Feilong , Chang Zhi , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen
Published: June 2019

A simple metal-ion additive has been employed as a multi-functional redox mediator for Li–O2 batteries.
A 3D Cu current collector with a biporous structure derived by a phase inversion tape casting method for stable Li metal anodes
Authors: Wang Li-Min , Tang Zhong-Feng , Lin Jie , He Xiao-Dong , Chen Chu-Sheng , Chen Chun-Hua
Published: June 2019

A 3D biporous and bicontinuous Cu current collector derived by a phase inversion method stabilizes high-loading Li metal anodes.
Long-range solid-state electron transport through ferritin multilayers
Authors: Bera Sudipta , Kolay Jayeeta , Pramanik Pallabi , Bhattacharyya Anirban , Mukhopadhyay Rupa
Published: June 2019

We have developed a purely protein-based multilayered semiconducting 3D material using iron-storage protein ferritin. It is electronically homogeneous; capable of long range electron transport having a long exciton radius, and showsz-confinement.
High performance gold(iii)-based white organic light-emitting devices with extremely small efficiency roll-off
Authors: Cheung Wai-Lung , Lai Shiu-Lun , Tang Man-Chung , Lee Chin-Ho , Chan Mei-Yee , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah
Published: June 2019

WOLEDs based on Au-Y and FIrpic demonstrate high current efficiency with ∼4% efficiency roll-off and white emission with CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.40).
Roles of the procollagen C-propeptides in health and disease
Authors: Hulmes David J.S.
Published: June 2019

The procollagen C-propeptides of the fibrillar collagens play key roles in the intracellular assembly of procollagen molecules from their constituent polypeptides chains, and in the extracellular assembly of collagen molecules into fibrils. Here we review recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling C-propeptide trimerization which have revealed the importance of inter-chain disulphide bonding and a small number of charged amino acids in the stability and specificity of different types of chain association. We also show how the crystal structure of the complex between the C-propeptide trimer of procollagen III and the active fragment of procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 leads to a detailed model for accelerating release of the C-propeptides from procollagen by bone morphogenetic protein-1 and related proteinases. We then discuss the effects of disease-related missense mutations in the C-propeptides in relation to the sites of these mutations in the three-dimensional structure. While in general there is a good correlation between disease severity and structure-based predictions, there are notable exceptions, suggesting new interactions involving the C-propeptides yet to be characterized. Mutations affecting proteolytic release of the C-propeptides from procollagen are discussed in detail. Finally, the roles of recently discovered interaction partners for the C-propeptides are considered during fibril assembly and cross-linking.
Chemical and radiative transfer modeling of propylene oxide
Authors: Das Ankan , Gorai Prasanta , Chakrabarti Sandip K.
Published: June 2019

Context.The recent identification of the first complex chiral molecule, propylene oxide (PrO), in space opens up a new window to further study the origin of homochirality on the Earth. There are some recent studies to explain the formation of PrO however additional studies on the formation of this species are needed for better understanding.

Aims.We seek to prepare a complete reaction network to study the formation of propylene oxide in the astrophysically relevant conditions. Based on our results, a detailed radiative transfer modeling has been carried out to propose some more transitions that would potentially be targeted in the millimeter wave domain.

Methods.A gas-grain chemical network was used to explain the observed abundance of PrO in a cold shell surrounding the high-mass star-forming region of Sgr B2. Quantum chemical calculations were employed to study various reaction parameters and to compute multiple vibrational frequencies of PrO.

Results.To model the formation of PrO in the observed region, we considered a dark cloud model. Additionally, we used a model to check the feasibility of forming PrO in the hot core region. Some potential transitions in the millimeter wave domain are predicted that could be useful for the future astronomical detection. We used radiative transfer modeling to extract the physical condition that might be useful to know the properties of the source in detail. Moreover, we provided vibrational transitions of PrO, which could be very useful for the future detection of PrO by the upcomingJames WebbSpace Telescope.
Management of winter and summer weeds in vineyards and olive groves with an ecological fertilizer with herbicidal properties
Authors: Barreira António , Arrobas Margarida , Cardoso Carlos , Rodrigues M. Ângelo
Published: June 2019

Weeds reduce crop yields and require annual measures of control, although they can provide important ecological benefits. In this work, the efficacy was tested of an ecological fertilizer with herbicidal properties (Bioscrop Herbitec®) which in high concentrations (10-15%) can have a similar effect to a contact herbicide. The composition of the product is 6.0 % of water-soluble potassium oxide, 54.7 % of organic acids and 39.3 % of dispersants and diluents. The product was tested in six field trials during two years, which included two vineyards and two olive orchards and winter and spring vegetation. In each experiment three treatments were imposed, being the product applied at the concentrations of 10% and 15% and a non-treated control. In treated plots, the entire ground surface (rows and inter-rows) was sprayed. The evaluation of the effect of the treatments on vegetation was assessed by the pin point and grid methods which consisted of determining the percentage of damaged and not damaged vegetation and bare soil. The production of dry biomass of weeds was also evaluated as a measure of the persistence of the damage on vegetation. The floristic composition of the stands was also recorded to evaluate the specific susceptibility of the weeds to the different treatments. The results showed that the product severely damaged the vegetation, and the effect persisted for more than a month. The application of the product caused a severe reduction in the aboveground biomass while keeping the soil protected, showing a useful compromise between the reduction in weed competition and the maintenance of ground cover. Some species were severely damaged while others seemed to have benefited in relative terms, suggesting that the effectiveness of the product will be dependent on the weed species present.
Proposition d’un indice définissant les indications médicales d’une disjonction intermaxillaire chez un sujet en période de croissance
Authors: Salagnac Jean-Michel
Published: June 2019

Introduction : La disjonction intermaxillaire (DIM) ou expansion rapide maxillaire (ERM) est couramment utilisée par les orthodontistes pour la correction des déficits transversaux maxillaires chez les enfants et les adolescents présentant des anomalies transversales de l’occlusion dentaire et une voute palatine profonde. Cette insuffisance maxillaire transversale est souvent associée à des anomalies squelettiques antéro-postérieures de classe II ou de classe III, à des anomalies verticales et à des troubles fonctionnels, notamment de la ventilation. Elle consiste à séparer, en deux à trois semaines, les deux maxillaires droit et gauche, à l’aide d’un dispositif d’expansion fixé sur un appui dentaire ou osseux. Curieusement, les orthodontistes qui emploient souvent des dispositifs d’expansion utilisent de façon très inégale cette méthode, bien qu’elle soit le seul traitement efficace de la véritable insuffisance transversale maxillaire (ITM). Le diagnostic clinique des ITM est difficile à établir, ce qui ne permet pas de poser l’indication de la DIM avec précision. Matériels et méthodes : À partir de l’observation de la sémiologique clinique et radiologique, et de traitement de très nombreux patients, pendant plus de 45 années, il est possible de proposer un indice de diagnostic qui précise les indications de cette thérapeutique. Résultats : Cet indice de diagnostic, de maniement facile et rapide, est utilisable aisément en pratique quotidienne. Composé de quatre groupes d’items, il permet de prendre en compte tous les éléments nécessaires à la pose de l’indication médicale de la disjonction intermaxillaire. Il permet également d’évaluer son efficacité en comparant les scores avant et après traitement. Discussion : Bien que perfectible, il n’existe pas actuellement d’outil diagnostique comparable. Cet indice a pour objectif de préciser l’indication médicale de cette méthode et de réduire les disparités d’emploi de cette thérapeutique.
Dysfonctions somatiques du rachis cervical et traitement multi-attache : une étude transversale sur 145 sujets
Authors: Chane Loïc , Kily Jean-Pascal , Marangelli Gianni , Gebeile-Chauty Sarah
Published: June 2019

Objectifs : Le but de cette étude transversale effectuée en aveugle est d’évaluer l’influence d’un appareil orthodontique fixe sur le rachis cervical. Matériels et méthodes : Le nombre et la gravité des dysfonctions somatiques (altération dans la fonction d’un élément constituant le système somatique ou DS) du rachis cervical ont été étudiés chez des patients classés en trois groupes : sujets sans traitement orthodontique (groupe 1), sujets portant un appareil orthodontique fixe (groupe 2) et sujets en contention après la dépose de l’appareil orthodontique fixe (groupe 3) et comparés grâce au test du khi2. Résultats : Un total de 145 patients âgés de 6 à 17 ans ont été inclus. Il y avait plus de DS dans le groupe 2 (p = 0,006) que dans le groupe 1. Il n’y avait pas de différence entre le groupe 1 et 3 (p = 0,2), entre le groupe 2 et 3 (p = 0,4) et entre les trois groupes (p = 0,6) concernant la sévérité des DS. Conclusion : Les troubles cervicaux ne devraient pas être imputés à long terme au traitement multi-attache puisqu’une fois le traitement orthodontique actif fini, les DS ne sont pas significativement augmentées par rapport au groupe contrôle. Ces résultats incitent à effectuer une étude pour évaluer le bénéfice d’un suivi ostéopathique des patients à risque après la pose de l’appareil multi-attache.
Opticien célèbre. Marie Skłodowska-Curie
Authors: Bonod Nicolas
Published: June 2019

Marie Skłodowska‐Curie a été pionnière dans l’étude du phénomène de radioactivité et a découvert le radium et le polonium, deux éléments largement plus radioactifs que l’uranium. Elle est la première femme à obtenir un prix Nobel (physique en 1903), la première personne à obtenir 2 prix Nobel et la seule personne à ce jour à s’être vue décerner 2 prix Nobel dans deux disciplines scientifiques distinctes (physique et chimie). Elle partage le premier prix Nobel de physique avec Henri Becquerel et Pierre Curie sur l’étude de la radioactivité et elle reçoit le second prix Nobel de chimie en 1911 pour ses contributions à l’extraction et la purification du radium et à son étude, notamment en le situant dans le tableau de Mendeleiev.
Begleitung von Frauen mit postpartalen psychischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Wiecker Anne
Published: June 2019

Viele Mütter entwickeln in den ersten Tagen nach der Geburt ein Stimmungstief. Geprägt von Traurigkeit und Schuldgefühlen hüllt es diese vermeintlich so glückliche erste Zeit mit dem Baby in graue Wolken. Dauert die trübe Stimmung lange an oder tritt sie wiederholt auf, könnte eine postpartale Depression (PPD) vorliegen. Hebamme Anne Wiecker hat viele Frauen mit psychischen Erkrankungen nach der Geburt begleitet. Mit praktikablen Tipps und einem Fallbeispiel erklärt sie, was für die Wochenbettbetreuung dabei wichtig ist.
Balint-Gruppen-Arbeit ist Beziehungsarbeit: Was heißt hier ‚Beziehung‘?
Authors: Wittenberger G.
Published: June 2019

Es wird versucht zu umreißen, was „Beziehung“ im professionellen Zusammenhang sein kann. In Folge der Komplexität der Beziehungen in der Balint-Gruppen-Arbeit zeigt sich, dass das Beziehungsgeschehen nicht nur zwischen „Arzt/Supervisor“ und „Patient/Supervisand“ zu reflektieren ist, sondern auch die Gruppendynamik in ihrer Bedeutung als Spiegelungsphänomen für den vorgetragenden „Fall“. Das bedeutet, dass die Beziehungen der Gruppenteilnehmer berücksichtigt werden müssen, soweit sie sich als blockierend für die gemeinsame Arbeit am „Fall“ auswirken. Um einen Zugang zu der Vielschichtigkeit der Phänomene zu bekommen, ist es erforderlich, Zeit und Raum (Setting) so zu gestalten, dass Balint-Gruppen-Arbeit stattfinden kann. Die Arbeit in, mit, durch und an diesen Beziehungen wird als eine Herausforderung in zweifacher Hinsicht begriffen: einmal als kollegiale Herausforderung, das gemeinsame Erleben des „Nicht-Wissens“, des „Verwickelns“ zu reflektieren, und zum anderen, auf schnelle lösungsorientierte Ratschläge oder Handlungen zu verzichten.
Morphometric Analysis of Proximal End of the Tibia
Authors: Ahmad Nadia , Singh Deepa , Dubey Aksh , Jethani S. L.
Published: June 2019

Background Total knee arthroplasty and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty are frequently done procedures for the treatment of various forms of arthritis and knee injuries. The knee prosthesis, which is used for these procedures, requires adequate sizing specific to the population. Morphometric parameters of upper end of the tibia can be used to guide treatment and monitor outcome of total knee replacement surgeries. Information regarding morphometry of upper end of the tibia is important as it provides reliable method of assessing knee deformity. This article assesses different morphometric parameters of condylar and intercondylar surface of the tibia and to compile the results, analyze, and formulate a baseline data for future studies with relevance to Indian population.

Materials and Methods The study group comprised of 60 adult human dry and processed tibia of both sides which are grossly normal and complete, obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences. Morphometric measurements of the medial condyle, lateral condyle, and intercondylar area of tibia were recorded with vernier calipers with a least count of 0.01 mm. The dimensions were summarized as mean ± standard deviation. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant.

Result Mediolateral and anteroposterior length were 66.33 and 42.52 mm, respectively.

Conclusion Anatomical profile of tibial condyle for Indians is smaller, hence highlighting the need for sizing of prosthesis specific to the population in question.
Change in Shear Elastic Modulus of Thigh Muscle by Changing Muscle Length Using Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Shimizu Miki , Ito Yu
Published: June 2019

Objectives This study investigated the relationship between the change in the shear elastic modulus and the change in muscle length using ultrasound shear wave elastography.

Study Design Four thigh muscles, cranial part of the sartorius, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles, of 21 pelvic limbs in 12 clinically healthy Beagle dogs were used. The muscle length was estimated using a radiograph and the flexed and extended positions of the coxofemoral and stifle joints, respectively. The shear elastic modulus (kPa) was measured in two joint positions using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Shear elastic modulus was expressed as median of 10 consecutive measurements. The percentage change of elastic modulus was calculated from the shear elastic modulus in elongated condition and pre-elongated condition of muscle.

Results The elastic modulus of all muscles increased when the muscle was elongated. The shear elastic modulus for both joint positions and the percentage change of the shear elastic modulus (%) in cranial part of the sartorius were highest in all muscles. Intra-observer correlation coefficient (1.2) was 0.75 to 0.96 and intra-observer correlation coefficients (2.2) was 0.46 to 0.96.

Conclusion This study revealed that the shear elastic modulus of muscle was changed by the change in muscle length and increased when the muscle was elongated. Ultrasound shear wave elastography can be used to assess the elastic properties of canine muscle.
A posteriori tests of subgrid-scale models in strongly anisothermal turbulent flows
Authors: Dupuy D. , Toutant A. , Bataille F.
Published: June 2019

This paper studies the large-eddy simulation of anisothermal low Mach number turbulent channel flows. We consider the large-eddy simulations of the low Mach number equations in two formulations, the velocity formulation and the Favre formulation. In both formulations, we investigate the subgrid-scale modeling of the two most significant subgrid terms of the filtered low Mach number equations: the momentum convection subgrid term and the density-velocity correlation subgrid term. To this end, the predictions of large-eddy simulations implementing the models are compared to filtered direct numerical simulations. We address several types of subgrid-scale models: functional eddy-viscosity or eddy-diffusivity models, structural models, tensorial models, and dynamic versions of these models. For the momentum convection subgrid term, we recommend the use of the scale-similarity model and the constant-parameter or dynamic tensorial anisotropic minimum-dissipation (AMD) model. For the density-velocity correlation subgrid term, several models are able to improve temperature-related statistics, for instance, the AMD model and the scale-similarity model. More accurate results are obtained with the Favre formulation than with the velocity formulation.
Brewster angle optical reflection observation of self-limiting nanoparticle monolayer self-assembly at a liquid/liquid interface
Authors: Hu Jiayang , Pan Brady , Makihara Takuma , Garcia Roy D. J. , Herman Irving P.
Published: June 2019

Real-time optical reflection of incident p-polarized light near Brewster’s angle shows that after drop-casting iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) in heptane on top of a diethylene glycol (DEG) liquid substrate, an iron oxide NP layer forms at the DEG/heptane interface, and it self-limits to a monolayer even when there are excess NPs dispersed in the upper heptane phase. Most modes of NP self-assembly do not self-limit growth after the formation of a single monolayer. Observations are compared to a reflection model incorporating the reflectances expected at each interface. An effective medium model of the dielectric constant is used to model the reflectance of the NP layer at the DEG/heptane interface.
Natural convection in a circular enclosure with an internal cylinder of regular polygon geometry
Authors: Wang Yanping , Chen Jie , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2019

This work presents a numerical investigation on the natural convection heat transfer in a circular enclosure with an internal cylinder at Ra=103-106 in both conduction and convection dominant regimes. The cross-section of the cylinder is of regular polygon geometry with various numbers of edges, including circle, triangle, square, pentagon and hexagon. The polygon cylinders are positioned at two orientations, i.e., the corner-upward and edge-upward orientations where one of the sharp corners or flat edges faces upward. The simulations are performed using our in-house fourth-order finite difference code which is well validated. Our objective is to explore the effects of cylinder geometry and orientation on the thermal and flow characteristics. The results are presented and analysed by the total equivalent conductivity coefficient for the quantitative assessment of the contribution of fluid circulation, the streamlines and thermal fields for the flow pattern and qualitative evaluation of heat transfer performance, and the distributions of local heat transfer rate on the surfaces of cylinder and enclosure. We also perform the first synergy principle analysis on this physical model to identify how the fluid circulation contributes to the heat transfer and its spatial behaviours. Numerical results reveal that the corner-upward orientation generally exhibits better heat transfer performance by permitting the well development of flow above the cylinder and in the top region of the enclosure.
An improved discrete gas-kinetic scheme for two-dimensional viscous incompressible and compressible flows
Authors: Zhang L. Q. , Chen Z. , Yang L. M. , Shu C.
Published: June 2019

In this work, we propose an improved discrete gas-kinetic scheme (DGKS) for viscous incompressible and compressible flows based on the modified circular function. The improved scheme restores the flaw of the previous DGKS and recovers the correct macroscopic energy equation. Modifications are first made on the previous circular function by relocating some portion of the particles in the phase velocity space from the circle to the circular center. By adjusting the portion of particles at the circular center, the true diffusive flux for the energy equation can be recovered, and thus, the correct macroscopic energy equation is obtained. Based on the modified circular function, a D2Q5 discrete velocity model is developed, which enhances the computational efficiency. This discrete velocity model is then incorporated into the finite volume framework for the reconstruction of numerical fluxes on the cell interface. Numerical tests on incompressible and compressible flows are performed for comprehensive validation of the proposed solver. Improved accuracy is observed in the test examples, and the computational results show good agreement with the reference data.
QTL mapping for the textural property traits of northern-style Chinese steamed bread by using recombinant inbred lines of wheat
Authors: Zhang Xiaocun , Fu Yanwu , Xu Yiru , Guo Ying , Wang Huinan
Published: June 2019

Textural property is one of the most important factors influencing the quality of northern-style Chinese steamed bread (CSB). We detected quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the textural properties of CSB by using 184 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two Chinese winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, Linmai6 and Tainong18. Eighteen putative QTLs were detected on 14 chromosomes: 1B, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5B, 6A, 6B, 7B, and 7D. Six textural quality traits, one QTL for hardness (QHa-4A), three QTLs for springiness (QSp-3B, QSp-4B, and QSp-5B), seven QTLs for cohesiveness (QCo-6A, QCo-7B.1, QCo-7B.2, QCo-3A, QCo-1D, QCo-2B.1, and QCo-2B.2), four QTLs for resilience (QRe-2D, QRe-2A, QRe-7D, and QRe-1B), two QTLs for gumminess (QGu-6B, and QGu-3B), and one QTL for chewiness (QCh-7D) were detected. The contributions of the QTLs ranged from 6.19% to 15.74%. The present study enhances understanding of the genetic basis for the textural properties of northern-style CSB and provides the basis for gene mapping of these traits.
La paradoja descriptiva de la traducción y su ilustración a través de un análisis de la subtitulación de The Wire
Authors: Ortiz García Javier
Published: June 2019

Over recent decades, translation studies have witnessed how descriptive studies have taken over prescriptive approaches. This essay deals with this subject, proposing that the two theoretical perspectives are not so far apart as may be inferred from the literature available and that, paradoxically, they are very close as regards their ultimate objectives. To develop this proposal, we establish a typology of hypotheses that a translation study should consider from the beginning; once the proposed hypothesis is checked, the implementation of the strategies for the given translation at stake seems to be the same as for descriptive approaches. In order to illustrate this apparent paradox, we observe and analyze some examples of the translated subtitles into Spanish of the first season of the acclaimed American series The Wire, paying special attention to the informal use of language in the dialogues. Following the theoretical frame designed in the first part of the essay, we first analyze the available subtitles in Spanish, and then propose some details pertaining to the translation that might perhaps have permitted a better reception of the series in the target system, that is the Spanish-speaking system.
Deep memory during the Crimean crisis
Authors: Spiessens Anneleen
Published: June 2019

In Russian media and statements by Kremlin officials, the current war in Ukraine is regularly imagined through the lens of World War II. Protection of ethnic kins in Crimea against their local “fascist” government is even invoked to justify the annexation of the peninsula in March 2014. A narrative analysis of a corpus consisting of 770 English and French newspaper articles and 39 translations demonstrates how the Russian news translation website InoSMI re-interprets Western reports on the Crimean crisis by triggering “deep memory” (Wertsch 2008a, 2008b) of the Great Patriotic War. Through selective appropriation, translation shifts and manipulation of visual material, the internet portal highlights particular aspects of the WW II narrative template that activate simplified schemata opposing Russian “patriots” and Ukrainian “fascists.” The paper thus underscores the role of news translation as ideological memory-work.
Translation in the Kurdish magazine Hawar
Authors: Çelik Bilal
Published: June 2019

This article explores the role of translation in forming and legitimizing a Kurdish cultural identity through diverse renderings in the Kurdish magazine Hawar launched by Celadet Alî Bedirxan between 1932 and 1943 in Damascus. It also sheds light on the tense relationship between Kurdish and Turkish cultures, which also impacted the translational and cultural aspects of the periodical. This relation has relatively improved from the late twentieth century onwards. My argument is that the composition of Hawar as a whole and translations in the periodical aimed to form a Kurdish cultural identity and legitimize it both for the Kurds and worldwide audience in the historical conditions of the 1930s and 1940s. This article will point out the pivotal position of translation in the composition of Hawar and the role played by Celadet Alî Bedirxan as an agent in this undertaking.
Serialized literary translation in Hong Kong Chinese newspapers
Authors: Li Bo
Published: June 2019

China experienced one of the great “waves of translation” and a boom of Chinese-language newspapers around the turn of the twentieth century. It is not coincidence that many of the translated works were initially serialized in these newspapers. Although translations in these newspapers, especially those in Shanghai, have gained increasing attention, those in Hong Kong have remained largely unexplored. This paper addresses this gap and the specific subgenre that has received scant attention: serialized translated literature. In particular, the paper focuses on the case study ofThe Chinese Mail, examining spatial and temporal dimensions of newspaper serialization of translated literary works in Hong Kong.
Value of auditory perception of alphabet letters test (Arabic standardized version) in evaluation of Arabic speaking CI children
Authors: Mekki S. , Quriba A. , Gad N.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Cochlear implant (CI) is a hearing device that helps hearing impaired children who did not benefit from conventional hearing aids to restore a satisfactory level of auditory sensation. The proper verification of their auditory speech and language performance helps gain the best outcomes. Speech perception tests are basic assessment tools. They are considered as supra-threshold tests that use different speech materials that are reliable for hearing impaired children.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between the different speech perception tests and auditory skills, language acquisition and speech parameters for cases with CI children in Zagazig University Hospitals. This will help develop an appropriate battery for verification of CI children.

Design:

This study was applied on 21 children with CI who had implanted before the data collection period. For all participants aided thresholds, APAL, WIPI and PBKG tests were done in the audio-vestibular medicine unit for assessment of audiological outcomes. Assessment of auditory skills, language acquisition and speech parameters were done in the Phoniatric Unit. The results were collected and statistically analyzed.

Results:

There was a strong positive correlation between APAL and TLA, auditory skills and intelligibility of speech, which was superior to other speech perception tests.

Conclusion:

APAL can be used as a reliable speech discrimination test that can anticipate the progress in different skills of pre-lingual CI children.
No IL-18BP? Avoid HAV
Authors: Diamond Michael S.
Published: June 2019

Fulminant viral hepatitis occurs in a very small number of infected individuals. Until now, the basis for this phenotype has remained unknown. In this issue of JEM, Belkaya et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190669) identify a deletion in the IL18BP gene in a severely affected child that results in excessive natural killer cell activation and uncontrolled killing of hepatocytes.
The theory of scanning quantum dot microscopy
Authors: Wagner Christian , Tautz F Stefan
Published: June 2019

Electrostatic forces are among the most common interactions in nature and omnipresent at the nanoscale. Scanning probe methods represent a formidable approach to study these interactions locally. The lateral resolution of such images is, however, often limited as they are based on measuring the force (gradient) due to the entire tip interacting with the entire surface. Recently, we developed scanning quantum dot microscopy (SQDM), a new technique for the imaging and quantification of surface potentials which is based on the gating of a nanometer-size tip-attached quantum dot by the local surface potential and the detection of charge state changes via non-contact atomic force microscopy. Here, we present a rigorous formalism in the framework of which SQDM can be understood and interpreted quantitatively. In particular, we present a general theory of SQDM based on the classical boundary value problem of electrostatics, which is applicable to the full range of sample properties (conductive versus insulating, nanostructured versus homogeneously covered). We elaborate the general theory into a formalism suited for the quantitative analysis of images of nanostructured but predominantly flat and conductive samples.
Modelling radio-frequency plasma cleaning of fusion optics
Authors: Shaw David , Wagenaars Erik
Published: June 2019

Metallic mirrors are to be used extensively within ITER for diagnostics and real time control. Erosion of the first wall within ITER will cause particles to be redeposited around the machine, including on these first mirrors, which will cause a reduction in reflectivity and a degradation in quality of signal received by the detectors. Powering these mirrors to form capacitively-coupled plasmas (CCPs) with an induced self bias, and using the ions within the plasmas to bombard and remove the deposits, has shown some experimental success in recovering mirror reflectivity. In this work the ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) from an Ar CCP formed on a 5 cm radius metallic mirror are modelled and investigated using the hybrid plasma equipment model. Initially a geometry variation is done showing that a simple increase in reactor volume can significantly impact the spatial distribution of the ion flux to the mirror surface leading to non-uniform etch rates across the surface, even after the maximum bias has been achieved. The ion energies need to be sufficient to remove depositions (focussing on the first wall material of Be which forms a surface oxide BeO) but not subsequently damage the underlying mirror. In order to achieve this both the voltage (50–1000 V) and the frequency (13.56–60 MHz) have been varied within the model showing trends that may lead towards IEDF optimisation. The increase in voltage increases the self bias linearly and the plasma density super-linearly, whereas increasing the frequency barely effects the self bias while increasing the plasma density sub-linearly. Both increases cause an increase in ion flux for these reasons but both also decrease the homogeneity of the ion flux across the mirror surface which will be required should the energies be above the threshold for the mirror. These results are also unique to the geometry being investigated and thus the conclusion is that it would be prudent to model individual mirror geometries to find optimal parameters. This becomes especially clear with the introduction of a perpendicular magnetic field into the simulation that significantly reduces electron transport within the plasma.
Pattern recognition as tools for understanding night sky brightness variabilities
Authors: Rezky M , Priyatikanto R , Admiranto A G , Soegiartini E
Published: June 2019

Night sky brightness (NSB) research related to the artificial light pollution issues has been increasing all over the world, using various measurement techniques and tools. The research produces tens of thousands of data for each month such that proper handling, processing and analysing the data become challenging. In this article, we demonstrate an alternative method for processing the NSB data by utilising pattern recognition techniques: Canny edge detection and Hough transform. These techniques were applied to identify data and extract important parameter from the NSB density plot semi-automatically. Datasets collected from Bandung, Garut, Subang and Sumedang used as the test cases. Three time-segments (dusk, night and dawn) became the main focus of the analyses and our method successfully extracted following parameters: the rate of sky brightness change at dusk and dawn, the average NSB at night and the intersections which indicate transition time. This method, along with its many possible improvements, enables us to process data more effectively and encourage more observation campaigns to be conducted in the future.