bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flower Bud Abscission in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) as Related to Fruit Development and Other Factors1
Authors: Porlingis I. C.
Published: August 2022

In the pistachio, flower bud abscission is induced by seeded fruits during the summer, resulting in alternate bearing. The onset of abscission was not influenced by number of fruits, but rate and final percentage of abscission increased as fruit number increased. Twenty or more fruits per 1-year-old stem caused complete abscission. The course of abscission was correlated with rapid seed growth. Periodic defruiting indicated that induction of abscission preceded actual separation of buds by 28 days. A defoliation experiment and analysis of flower buds for N gave evidence that competition between fruits and buds for photosynthate and N is not the primary cause of abscission.
Effects of Dichloropropenes and Aliphatic Compounds on Synthesis and Degradation of Carotenoids1,2,3
Authors: Berry D. L. , Singh B. , Salunkhe D. K.
Published: August 2022

Plants grown in dichloropropene (a soil fumigant) treated soil have significantly higher than usual carotenoid levels. Treatments with dichloropropenes, 3-chloroallyl alcohol, 3-chloropropionic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-chloro-l-propanol and malonic acid decreased the incorporation of β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaric acid and mevalonic acid into carotenoids of etiolated maize. Lipoxidase in tomato was inhibited by much lower concentrations of these compounds than were required to inhibit the incorporation of β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaric acid or mevalonic acid. This difference could account for the eventual increase in the total carotenoids in the plant.
Influence of Shade and Fertilizer Source and Level on Growth, Quality and Foliar Content of Philodendron oxycardium Schott.1
Authors: Conover C. A. , Poole R. T.
Published: August 2022

Grade and vine length of P. oxycardium growing on totem poles increased as shade level decreased from 80 to 40%. Highest grade was obtained with Osmocote, followed by liquid fertilizer and MagAmp. Generally, 785 kg N/ha/3 months was adequate for good growth, although interactions occurred with light intensity as shown by lack of fertilizer response at high shade levels. Foliar N levels were higher in 80% shade but quality decreased. MagAmp increased P and Mg and decreased Ca and K levels in foliage, while Osmocote increased N.
Effects of Menazon and Usnic Acid on Histochemical and Ultrastructural Changes During Germination of Mung Beans1
Authors: Dalvi R. R. , Chang W. C. , Salunkhe D. K. , Campbell W. F.
Published: August 2022

Menazon (S-(4,6 diamino-s-triazin-2-methyl) o,o-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) an organophosphate insecticide, and usnic acid, an allergen present in lichens, inhibited germination of mung bean (Phaseolus mungo L.). On the third day of germination, cotyledons were examined histochemically and ultrastructurally and the resultant photomicrographs showed abundant starch grains and protein bodies in the treated seeds compared to the controls. Electron microscopic examination showed extensive endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes along with vacuoles and normal mitochondria in control tissue. In contrast, the presence of protein bodies and disruption of the cytoplasmic organization were conspicuous in the menazon- and usnic acid-treated mung beans. This suggests impaired utilization of food reserves during germination.
Effect of Abscisic Acid on Bud Break and Shoot Elongation in Rosa and Syringa1
Authors: Cohen Michael A. , Kelley James D.
Published: August 2022

Abscisic acid4 (ABA), when applied as an immersion application at 200 and 400 ppm during cold storage or as a spray application at 100 and 200 ppm at 2 stages of growth, was evaluated as an inhibitor of bud break and shoot elongation in dormant plants of Rosa cv. Helen Traubel and Syringa cv. Monge. ABA applied on 2 consecutive days at 100 and 200 ppm inhibited bud break in Rosa, but did not inhibit shoot elongation. ABA did not inhibit terminal and lateral bud break or shoot elongation in Syringa. Immersion applications at several dates during cold storage inhibited bud break and shoot elongation in Rosa and inhibited terminal and lateral bud break in Syringa. The most effective concentration in inhibiting bud break was 400 ppm. Time of application significantly affected bud break in Rosa and lateral bud break in Syringa, but did not alter shoot elongation in either plant.
Chemical Characteristics of Extracted Stone Fruit Juices as Indicators of Their Sources1,2
Authors: Claypool L. L. , Esau Paul , Alexander Chordas , Bradley Muriel V.
Published: August 2022

Juice expressed from plum and apricot cultivars may differ significantly in H+ concentration, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, and concentration of specific organic components from juice obtained from the same fruits by comminution. In fact, the H+ concentration of comminuted juice may be more than 100 times higher. Expressed juice, notwithstanding the lesser contribution of organic acids to soluble solids, contains more soluble solids (higher refractive index) than does comminuted juice. Data presented in relation to these findings, and information on individual organic acids, are used to speculate on the primary sources (vacuolar, cytoplasmic, extracellular) of juice obtained by the 2 extraction methods. Possible implications of membrane permeability and integrity are considered. We suggest that the procedures outlined may be useful as tools to increase information concerning membrane permeability and distribution of certain organic materials within and without the cell.
Controlled Atmosphere Effects on the Market Quality of Stored Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group)1
Authors: Lipton Werner J. , Harris C. Max
Published: August 2022

O2 at 1% or less inhibited yellowing of broccoli curds during storage at 5° or 7.5°C and the effect persisted during 2 or 3 days' subsequent aeration at 10°. Yellowing was minimal at 2.5°, regardless of O2 concn. Odor and flavor of cooked curds were best in samples from 1/2 or 1% O2, but 1/4% O2 or less impaired odor and flavor. Visible low-O2 injury developed in 1/10% O2.

CO2 at 10% also retarded yellowing, and off-odors induced by CO2 disappeared upon cooking.

Low O2 did not affect shear resistance (SR) of the cooked curd, but 10% CO2 softened the tissue. With or without CO2, log SR (kg) and pH were linearly and inversely related.

For broccoli shipped over long distances or stored prior to processing, lowering O2 to 1/2 to 1% and/or increasing CO2 to 10% would materially help in retarding deterioration when temp cannot be maintained near 0°C.
Cellulase Activity in Separation Zones of Citrus Fruit Treated with Abscisic Acid under Normal and Hypobaric Atmospheres1
Authors: Rasmussen G. K.
Published: August 2022

Abscisic acid (ABA) introduced through the stem of ‘Pineapple’ and ‘Valencia’ oranges stimulated cellulase activity in the separation zones. ‘Pineapple’ orange was affected more than ‘Valencia’. Cellulase activity was greatest under normal atmospheres in which ethylene accumulated in the treated fruit. Under one-fifth atmosphere with little ethylene accumulation, cellulase was 2 to 2.5 times greater in separation zones of treated fruit than in non-treated fruit. ABA introduced through the stem was more effective than spray applications. ABA sprayed on the fruit was partly absorbed but did not increase ethylene production or cellulase activity, or decrease fruit removal force.
Partial Characterization of a Cell-Free Terpenoid Biosynthetic System from Tulipa Shoots1
Authors: Benschop Maarten , De Hertogh A. A.
Published: August 2022

Cell-free extracts which incorporated mevalonate-2-14C (MVA) into terpenes were obtained from shoot tissue of Tulipa gesneriana L. cv. Golden Melody. Maximal incorporation occurred at pH 6.5 in 0.1 M KH2 PO4-K2HPO4 buffer with an incubation temperature of 35°C. Total incorporation was linear up to 5 mg protein/assay and it could be enhanced by increasing MVA concentration up to 8 × 10-8 M. After differential centrifugation, all enzymatic activity was located in the 100,000 × g supernatant. In combination Mg++ and Mn++, ATP stimulated incorporation more than CTP, GTP, and UTP. Using ATP as the energy source, Mn++ was highly stimulatory at 1 and 5 × 10-3 M. Mg++ alone or in combination with Mn++ was less effective than Mn++.

The radioactivity from MVA was recovered in 2 fractions: the “neutral” fraction isolated by extraction with benzene, and the “acid hydrolyzable” fraction extracted with benzene after acid hydrolysis of the residual aqueous “neutral” fraction. For subsequent identification of the neutral terpene products, the optimal conditions are either high protein concentration (18 mg/assay) after a 15,000 × g centrifugation and a 4-hr incubation period or high protein concentration without centrifugation and a 1-hr incubation period. The optimal conditions for identification of the acid hydrolyzable products are low protein concentration (5 mg/assay) and 1-hr incubation.
Cold Hardiness of Peach and Nectarine Trees Growing at 29-30°N Latitude1
Authors: Buchanan D. W. , Biggs R. H. , Bartholic J. F.
Published: August 2022

The cambium of both ‘Early Amber’ peach and ‘Sungold’ nectarine, Prunus persica L. Batsch gained cold hardiness from November through January even though day and night temperatures were above 15°C. Cultivars attained the greatest hardiness in January, surviving temperatures of -12°C. ‘Early Amber’ maintained its hardiness until just prior to bud break (February 8) and decreased thereafter. ‘Sungold’ remained somewhat resistant to cold until February 15 and gradually lost hardiness until March 8. Characteristically the low chilling cultivars reached an acclimation base higher than reported for cultivars adapted to higher latitudes.
Histochemical Appraisal of the Relationship of Seed Abortion to Chemical Induction of Apple Fruit Abscission Following Bloom1
Authors: Weinbaum Steven A. , Simons Roy K.
Published: August 2022

Histochemical examination of apple seeds (cv. Golden Delicious) from persisting and abscising fruit were conducted 2 days after treatment (NAA, 30 ppm; Sevin, 2 lb./100 gal water). Seeds and embryos of NAA-treated potential drop fruit were appreciably smaller than those associated with other treatments. There was no evidence of reduced levels of nucleic acids, proteins, or starch in embryo or endosperm when compared with corresponding tissue from untreated persistent fruit. The extent of starch deposition in maternal tissue was related to seed size and was the most consistent correlative of impending seed abortion.
Fertilizer Packets, Fertilizer Tablets, and a Plastic Mulch Method for Flower Production of Field Grown Roses1
Authors: Snyder G. H. , Young T. W.
Published: August 2022

Fertilization of field grown roses, R. hybrida cv. Christian Dior, in south Florida with fertilizer packets and tablets was compared with a proven plastic mulch method of reducing fertilizer losses. Flower yields for the 3 methods were similar during the first 9 months of the study. In the second year, comparatively low yields were obtained with tablets, and the highest yields with the plastic mulch. The packets gave intermediate results, with 5 packets providing acceptable yields. Twenty-one months after placement, the tablets contained 56, 56, and less than 0.1% of their original N, P, and K, respectively. Nitrogen release at this time appeared comparatively slow. Considerable variation in nutrient content existed among packets 21 months after placement, with an average of 17, 33, and 38% of the original N, P, and K, respectively, being found. The packets still appeared to be releasing fertilizer at that time.
Gibberellin-like Substances of Dormant and Non-dormant Bulbs of Allium cepa L.1
Authors: Aung L. H. , Peterson C. E.
Published: August 2022

Allium cepa L. bulbs of different genetic constitution were examined for free and bound gibberellin-like substances (GA) by conventional extraction, bioassay, and chromatographic procedures. Both free and bound GA were found in these bulbs. Based on the dwarf-pea bioassay, it was shown that free and bound GA in the extracts varied depending on the source of the bulbs. The total GA of dormant bulbs was greater than that of non-dormant bulbs.
Irrigation of Field Tomatoes and Measurement of Soil Water Changes by Neutron Moderation Methods1
Authors: Cannell Glen H. , Asbell C. W.
Published: August 2022

Irrigation studies with processing tomato, Lycopersicon esculentumy cv. VF-145-21-4, showed a highly significant yield increase with increased soil moisture. Total number of fruit (fruit set) was not significantly different with irrigation treatments. Yield differences were largely attributed to small ripe and green fruit, unacceptable for processing, that resulted from soil moisture stress in drier treatments. Soil water volume changes between irrigations were measured in the soil profile using neutron moderation equipment. The total volume of water measured during the season was compared to that applied for each irrigation treatment. With exception of the wet treatment in 1971, agreement between comparisons was within ± 3%. Root growth with depth plotted as a function of time (season) was essentially the same for all irrigation treatments.
An Ultrastructural Evaluation of the Relationship of Embryo/Endosperm Abortion to Apple Fruit Abscission During the Post-Bloom Period1
Authors: Weinbaum Steven A. , Simons Roy K.
Published: August 2022

Comparisons of seed tissues from persistent and potential drop apple fruit (‘Golden Delicious’) 3 weeks after full bloom suggested that fruit commitment to abscise (determined by a reduced rate of fruit enlargement between 16 and 21 days after full bloom) preceded ultrastructural evidence of degenerative or functional changes in embryo or endosperm tissue. The results do not support the concept of ‘embryo abortion’ as a causal mechanism in natural fruit abscission during post-bloom.
The Relationship Between Fruit Color of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apples and Nitrogen Content and Color of Leaves1
Authors: Raese J. Thomas , Williams Max W.
Published: August 2022

Fruit color of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples was closely related to N content and color of leaves. This relationship was significant for both spur leaves and mid-terminal leaves. Prediction of fruit color from spur and mid-terminal leaves was obtained in late July and mid-September. Nitrogen content was higher in the mid-terminal leaves than in the spur leaves.
A Comparison of Anthocyanins and Wine Color Quality in Black Grapes of 39 Clones of Vitis rotundifolia Michx.
Authors: Ballinger W. E. , Maness E. P. , Nesbitt W. B. , Makus D. J. , Carroll D. E.
Published: August 2022

Levels of 5 anthocyanins (Acy) in black muscadine grapes sampled in 1971 were compared with the visual color ratings and tristimulus values [“Theta” (hue), “L” (lightness), and “Sat” (saturation or chromaticity)] (Hunter Color and Color Difference Meter) of the wines made from grapes of these same clones (vines) in 1968 and aged in the bottle for 1 year. Neither total Acy content, which varied 50-fold, nor contents of the diglucoside (diglc) of delphinidin (Dp), present in larger quantities than those of the other 4 Acy, was associated with a good wine color. In all instances, good red wine color was associated with the presence of 8 or more mg of malvidin-3,5-diglc/100-g of fresh grapes. Good color of wines was also associated with low “Theta” and “L” tristimulus values. These 2 values were well correlated with each other. Multiple correlations indicated that 62% of the variation in “Theta” was accounted for by the natural logarithm of contents of diglc of malvidin (Mv), petunidin (Pt) and cyanidin (Cy) in the grapes. However, 42% was explained by the regression of Mv-3,5-diglc alone. Malvidin-3,5-diglucosides thus had the greatest effect on the hue of the wine. Over 75% of the variation in the tristimulus “L” value of the wine was accounted for by the regression of Pt-3,5-diglc with it. Therefore, good red wine color was largely dependent upon high levels of Mv and Pt diglc in fresh grapes.
Effects of SADH, Ethephon and 2,4,5-T on Color and Storage Quality of “McIntosh” Apples1
Authors: Pollard James E.
Published: August 2022

Application of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) to ‘McIntosh apples’ in late August significantly increased development of anthocyanins in fruit peel, shortening the time to harvest by approximately 2 weeks. At higher rates of ethephon, treatment with succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl hydrazide (SADH) prior to ethephon applications was necessary to maintain fruit firmness. 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) contributed to excessive fruit cracking on the tree and in storage. SADH treatments were more effective than 2,4,5-T treatments in reducing accumulation of ethylene in stored fruit. Ethephon 50 ppm with SADH was more effective in producing desired fruit color, quality, and abscission characteristics than was the higher concentration of ethephon with SADH and 2,4,5-T.
Effect of Elevated Temperature on Ripening of ‘Bartlett’ Pear, Pyrus communis L.1
Authors: Maxie E. C. , Mitchell F. G. , Sommer N. F. , Snyder R. G. , Rae H. L.
Published: August 2022

At any stage of the ripeness of ‘Bartlett’ pear fruits, subsequent ripening was inhibited if the fruits were warmed to 40°C. Both production of, and sensitivity to, ethylene (C2H4) were almost totally suppressed. Even at 30°C, C2H4 production was greatly reduced in both early- and late-season fruit. Unless treated with C2H4, early-season fruit failed to ripen at 30°C although late-season fruit ripened spontaneously, presumably because of high internal concentrations of the gas. In both cases ripening was characterized by a watery breakdown of the floral end of the fruit.

At 40° and 50°C, respiratory rates declined progressively unless the fruits were treated with C2H4, whereupon a stimulation occurred although ripening was unaffected.

Gas exchange was not limiting at temperatures as high as 50°C, even when the ends of the fruits were sealed with paraffin wax. Maximum modification of the internal atmosphere of any individual fruit resulted in 15.7% O2 and 7.2% CO2. Ripening of fruits held at 20°C in that atmosphere was delayed about 3 days, presumably via mild competitive CO2 inhibition of C2H4 action.

We conclude that failure of ‘Bartlett’ pears to ripen at 40°C results from lack of C2H4 production and loss of sensitivity to the gas. The mechanisms are unknown.
Evaporative Cooling of ‘Delicious’ Apples — The Economic Feasibility of Reducing Environmental Heat Stress1
Authors: Unrath C. R. , Sneed R. E.
Published: August 2022

The response of ‘Red Delicious’ apples to low volume overtree evaporative cooling (EC) irrigation was studied over a 4-year period from 1969-72. While the amount of thermal load and irrigation system run-time varied from year to year, EC consistently resulted in fruit temperature reductions averaging 5.6°C (10.1°F) for the entire 509 hr the system operated over the 4-year period. In each of the 4 years, EC improved fruit quality; on the average increasing total reddish color 8%, solid red color 13%, soluble solids 1%, and fruit weight 22-g while reducing corking 8% and bitter pit 7%. The additional fruit coloration stimulated by EC concentrated harvest in the earlier portion of the harvest season. During the 4 years of the experiment, an additional 1/3 of the cooled crop was harvested, with sufficient solid red color to meet “extra fancy” U.S. grade, during the 1st 2 weeks of the seasons. Because of higher early-season prices, the concentrated earlier harvest of EC fruit is of considerable economic benefit. In locations where heat stresses are common, the use of EC and soil irrigation should be economically feasible.
Parthenocarpy in Cucumber: Mechanism of Action of Auxin Transport Inhibitors1
Authors: Beyer E. M. , Quebedeaux B.
Published: August 2022

A hypothesis is proposed and tested for the mechanism of action of parthenocarpy induction in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. ‘GY3’) by the potent inhibitors of auxin transport 3,3a-dihy dro-2-(p-methoxy phenyl)-8H-pyrazolo [5,1-a] isoindol-8-one (DPX1840), methyl-2-chloro-9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylate (morphactin), N-l-naphthylphthalamic acid (naptalam), and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). The transport of NAA-l-14C in 5-mm peduncle sections was strongly polar in the basipetal direction (i.e., out of the ovary toward the stem) and was inhibited within 0.5 hr by each transport inhibitor when applied at 500 to 1000 mg/1 to intact plants. Ether extractions of ovary tissue from plants treated in a similar manner contained significantly greater auxin activity as determined by the Avena coleoptile straight growth bioassay.

These results are compatible with the hypothesis that auxin transport inhibitors induce parthenocarpy in cucumber by rapidly blocking the natural outward flow of auxin from the ovary thereby resulting in an accumulation of auxin within the ovary sufficient to trigger parthenocarpy.
Effect of Chilling on Bud Break in Rabbiteye Blueberry1,2
Authors: Spiers J. M. , Draper A. D.
Published: August 2022

Cultivars of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) differed in cold requirements for bud break. ‘Woodard’ and ‘Tifblue’ plants required 400 and 600 hr, respectively, of constant chilling (6-7°C) for normal flowering. Two hundred and 400 hr of chilling, respectively, were insufficient for bud break. Additional chilling increased the amount and rate of bud break. Defoliation hastened vegetative bud break but did not affect flower buds.
Evidence for Hybrid Vigor in F1 Citrus Populations with Pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] as One Parent1
Authors: Cameron J. W. , Soost R. K.
Published: August 2022

In 5 separate field-planted groups at 2 climatic locations, F1 populations and 3-way crosses involving pummelo as an immediate parent have all shown significantly larger mean trunk size, and generally larger canopy size, than crosses which lack pummelo. The other parents included oranges, mandarins, tangors (tangerine × orange), grapefruit, and the related genus Poncirus. F2 progenies and backcrosses to non-pummelo cultivars showed less vigor than the compared F1’s. Fruiting has occurred earlier and in higher proportions of trees among the pummelo crosses with Poncirus, and often with the other pummelo hybrids. These characteristics seem to represent hybrid vigor based on favorable combining ability of the pummelo, although only a limited number of pummelo cultivars were tested. The species appears to be relatively homogenous, and is one of the few Citrus species which reproduce entirely by sexual embryony. The behavior of its hybrids supports the concept that pummelos carry fewer unfavorable genes, and may be more homozygous, than Citrus species and cultivars which reproduce largely by asexual embryony.
Flowering, Pod Set, and Pod Retention of Lima Bean in Response to Night Temperature, Humidity, and Soil Moisture1
Authors: Fisher V. J. , Weaver C. K.
Published: August 2022

‘Thaxter’ and ‘Fordhook 242’ lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) cultivars were subjected to climatic variables in controlled-environment cabinets to determine conditions which were adverse to their reproduction. High night temperature promoted flower opening but was deleterious to pod set and retention. High humidity increased pod set and retention, apparently by promoting good pollen germination. High humidity, however, was unfavorable when it was combined with high temperature. Low night temperature was unfavorable when it was combined with low humidity. The most favorable environment for pod set and retention consisted of high humidity, low night temperature, and high soil moisture. ‘Fordhook 242’ set and retained fewer pods under environmental stress than ‘Thaxter’.
Studies on Lettuce Seed Quality: V. Nutritional Effects1
Authors: Soffer Hillel , Smith O. E.
Published: August 2022

Lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., plants were grown in soil irrigated at various intervals with nutrient solution and in hydroponics culture. Increased nutrient level added to the soil increased seed yield but did not give a corresponding increase in seedling performance.

Hydroponically propagated seed, although heavier than soil propagated seed, were relatively poor in vigor and germinability. A positive linear correlation was found between N levels (5-15 meq) and seed yield, weight per seed, and seedling vigor. Amounts of amino acids and lipids were not positively correlated with nutrient supply, N level, or seedling vigor. Lettuce seed weight was a useful parameter in predicting seedling vigor only within a seed lot obtained from plants grown under the same environmental and nutritional conditions.
Polyphenol Oxidase-Catalyzed Browning of Young Shoot Extracts of Citrus Taxa1
Authors: Esen Asim , Soost Robert K.
Published: August 2022

Based on the occurrence or absence of browning in young shoot extracts, Citrus taxa can be classified into 2 phenotypes: browning and nonbrowning. Browning results from the enzymatic oxidation of phenolic substrate present in the browning taxa. The enzyme responsible for browning is polyphenol oxidase (ortho-diphenol oxidase, EC 1.10.3.1). Nonbrowning taxa lack the substrate(s) and have little or no polyphenol oxidase activity. Browning appears to be a dominant trait. It should be useful as a genetic marker and a taxonomic criterion.
A Study of Indices for Earliest Acceptable Harvest of Delicious Apples1
Authors: Blanpied G. D.
Published: August 2022

In 3 harvest seasons 363 lots of ‘Delicious’ apples were harvested and analyzed after a 1-day and after an 8-day ripening period at room temp. An attempt was made to relate objective indices of maturity to the ability of fruits to ripen with acceptable eating quality. A sliding scale for firmness and soluble solids appeared to be a useful index to separate ‘Delicious’ apples into 2 categories: mature - fruits which ripened with acceptable eating quality; immature - fruits which did not develop acceptable eating quality.
The Effect of Calcium on the Ripening of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Fruits1
Authors: Tingwa P. O. , Young R. E.
Published: August 2022

Treatment with calcium (0.1 M CaSO4, 0.1 M CaCl2) depressed respiration of avocado fruits during preclimacteric and climacteric phases. Na2SO4 was ineffective. Calcium not only inhibited respiration but delayed the onset of the climacteric and depressed the peak of ethylene production at the climacteric rise. Determinations of endogenous Ca confirmed that higher levels were positively correlated to delay in ripening and negatively correlated to peak of CO2 and ethylene production. It is inferred that this difference in Ca level is one of the factors causing lack of uniformity in ripening.
Fatty Acids in the Major Lipid Fractions of Maturing Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Pascual Loreto R. , Wiley Robert C.
Published: August 2022

Seven mutant maize genotypes with sweet corn backgrounds and 4 commercially grown sweet com cultivars were harvested from 18-45 days after pollination (DAP). The lipids were extracted, separated into major lipid fractions, transesterified and measured as methyl esters of palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acids by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Neutral lipids had a low ratio of polyunsaturates to monounsaturates (1.7:1), i.e., linoleic and linolenic to oleic fatty acids. Glycolipids had the highest proportion of linoleic and linolenic acids. Phospholipids tended to be more saturated than other fractions because of their high proportion of palmitic acid. All fatty acids in the neutral lipid fraction increased on an absolute basis with advancing maturity. Fatty acids in the glycolipid and phospholipid fractions generally peaked at 28 DAP on a mg fatty acid/g corn wet weight basis and then decreased with increased maturity. The percentage of oleic acid in the glycolipid fraction doubled from 12-24 percent during the 18-45 DAP period. Experimental lines and commercial cultivars contained 18.4, 1.4, 21.5, 57.1 and 2.1 percent respectively of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid over the maturity ranges studied.
Alveolar Ridge Preservation after Tooth Extraction and Replacement with Fibre-reinforced Composite Bridge in a Young Patient: A Case Report
Authors:   Periodontology Unit, Jerantut Government Dental Clinic, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 27000 Jerantut, Pahang, Malaysia, Cheng Zi Hui , Lim Ei Leen ,   Periodontology Unit, Jerantut Government Dental Clinic, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 27000 Jerantut, Pahang, Malaysia
Published: August 2022

Alveolar ridge preservation is a surgical procedure aimed to preserve the alveolar bone after tooth extraction to eliminate or reduce the need for bone augmentation during implant placement. It includes the use of membrane that is either being used alone or in combination with a bone replacement graft. This case report describes the technique of alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction using a xenogenic bone graft combined with a resorbable collagen membrane, and the fabrication of an anterior fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) bridge in an 18-year-old male patient. This treatment allows him to have a good preservation of the volume and architecture of the alveolar ridge as well as soft tissues and temporarily replace a missing anterior tooth until a definitive restoration can be achieved.
Comparison between Periodontal Self-examination and Self-reported Periodontal Disease among Selected Adults in Kuala Lumpur
Authors:   Periodontic Unit, Jalan Perak Dental Clinic, 11600 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Mustafa Siti Nurqissa , Baharin Badiah ,   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Rosli Tanti Irawati ,   Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: August 2022

Periodontal disease, generally known as a silent disease, is one of the major global oral health burdens that contributes to tooth loss in adults. This study was to compare findings and agreement between periodontal self-examination (SE) and self-reported (SR) assessments in detection of periodontal disease among selected adult patients in Kuala Lumpur. The subjects were patients who attended the periodontic clinics in Faculty of Dentistry, UKM. Periodontal patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned into two groups, SE and SR groups. Patients in the SE group performed a periodontal SE using illustrated written manual with questionnaire, while those in the SR group answered questionnaire. Both groups were given similar content of questionnaire. Clinical oral examinations were carried out on all patients by a single trained calibrated examiner. A total of 172 patients (86 in each group) participated in the study with the mean age of 48 years (SD 12.6). Majority of them had severe periodontal disease. Only item “total number of teeth” had showed good agreement (p < 0.01) between groups. SR group showed higher sensitivity for all items (mobility, colour, recession and bleeding). Meanwhile, the SE group demonstrated higher specificity for items on mobility, recession and bleeding. Both SR and SE assessment areas were reliable in measuring total number of teeth in periodontal patients. SR assessment is more sensitive in detecting periodontal disease in terms of items for mobility, colour, recession and bleeding.
Assessment of genetic diversity of Moroccan Pistacia lentiscus L. populations using ISSR markers
Authors: Bouta Wassila , Bouda Said , bella Youssef Ait , khachtib Youssef , Hansali Mohammed El , Rasafi Taoufik El , Haddioui Abdelmajid
Published: August 2022

Pistacia lentiscus L. is an indigenous species of considerable ecological and economic importance. An understanding of the patterns of genetic variation within and between Moroccan populations of this species is essential to design optimal genetic management strategies for its conservation. Here, inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique was used to study genetic variation of 11 populations sampled from different regions in Morocco. The 13 primers used produced 121 bands which 110 bands (90.90 %) were polymorphic. The mean values of PIC, RP, I and Ht were 0.79; 4.89; 0.47 and 0.31 respectively, implying the important genetic variability between the studied populations. Moreover, AMOVA analysis showed that 58% of total genetic variability is accounted within population and 42% between populations. The UPGMA dendrogram and Bayesian model-based clustering approach identified five gene pools structured independently from the geographical origin of populations. These results indicate that the ISSRs markers used represent an efficient and important tool for the genetic analysis of the lentisk and the existence of a large genetic variability in this species in Morocco
Linking customer experience, satisfaction, and loyalty to brand power and performance in international hotels
Authors: Sampetua Hariandja Evo , Vincent Fellicia
Published: August 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant influence on decreasing hotel consumption levels. To survive and compete in the market, hotels must be able to maintain their brand power and performance. This study aims to determine the relationship between customer experience, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty toward brand power and brand performance in the hotel industry. The focus is on the importance of the role of the three consumer constructs on brand value. The paper uses a descriptive research design and a quantitative approach where data is collected by distributing online questionnaires to respondents through Google Forms. The selected population is tourists who have stayed in 4-5 star international hotels in Indonesia, with a sample size of 240 respondents. The collected data is then processed using SmartPLS v.3.3.3 to examine the results of the outer and inner models. The results show that from the customer’s perspective, customer experience has an impact on customer satisfaction, which influences customer loyalty. In addition, customer loyalty is a factor that affects brand value, including brand power and performance. Therefore, customer loyalty is a strong predictor of brand value in the hospitality and tourism industry. By strengthening this sphere, a company will have great resources and opportunities to build brand power and brand performance.
SHORT TERM EFFECTS OF CARDIOPULMONARY REHABILITATION AND NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY, MYOCARDIAL TISSUE DOPPLER AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY
Authors: ÖZÜBERK Burcu , KUNDURACILAR Zuhal , BAŞ ASLAN Ummuhan , TURAN Sıtkı , ÇAKIR Mustafa Ozan , TÜTÜN Ufuk
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Exercise capacity is associated with diastolic function. The aim of our study is to investigate the short term effects of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and NMES on functional capacity and myocardial tissue doppler (MTD) after coronary artery surgery.

Methods: Forty patients with coronary artery bypass graft were randomly divided into two groups: CPR+NMES and CPR. Functional capacity were analyzed through 2 minutes walk test (2MWT) and sit to stand test (SST), left ventricular (LV) diastolic functions were analyzed with MTD and thoracic expansion was analyzed with chest wall measurement on the 2nd and 7th postoperative days.

Results: Statistically significant difference was identified between the groups in 2MWT distance (CPR+NMES, Zt*p=0.000*), SST (CPR, Zt*p=0.000*), E’ (CPR+NMES, Zt*p=0.002*), E (CPR+NMES, Zt*p=0.025*), E/E’ (CPR+NMES, Zt*p=0.007*), A (CPR, Zt*p=0.006*) (p
EVALUATION OF THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS OF COVID-19 PATIENTS IN TURKEY
Authors: TAÇALAN Ekin , KAFA Nihan
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Covid-19 is a viral infection that affects either the respiratory system or the other systems. Studies about the effects of Covid-19 on physical activity are still scarce. This study aims to compare the changes in the physical activity levels of patients before and six months after Covid-19 in Turkey.
Methods: One hundred and six participants that have been six months after Covid-19 contraction were included in the study. Along with the Patient Assessment Questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form was used to assess physical activity energy consumption (vigorous-intensity physical activities, moderate-intensity physical activities, walking, and total physical activities).
Results: Participants became either less physically active or more sedentary six months after Covid-19 (p=0.019). Vigorous-intensity physical activity levels were significantly decreased (Mean±SD: 341±854 vs. 109±331 Metabolic Equivalent Task minutes/week, p=0.015), and perceived fatigue during exercise was significantly increased between before and six month after infection (Mean±SD: 4.76±2.17 vs 6.17±2.27, p=0.001). Participants who had dyspnea (n=12) during the period of Covid-19, did more moderate-intensity physical activity (p=0.020) and walking (p =0.021) after Covid-19, compared to those who had not.
Conclusion: Particularly changes in vigorous-intensity physical activity levels and perceived fatigue during exercise were seen in Covid-19 infected patients. We recommend supporting gradually increased tailor-based exercise programs by health professionals in public health agencies, not only for protecting the individuals from Covid-19 outcomes, but also for returning to their preinfection fitness levels.
Sustentabilidad de fincas agroecológicas en Toacaso, Cotopaxi-Ecuador
Authors: Pacheco-Jiménez Jacquelyn , Ortiz-Oblitas Oscar
Published: August 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las consecuencias de la adopción en términos de sustentabilidad social, ambiental, económica y general de sistemas de producción agroecológicos de la parroquia de Toacaso. Para determinar los indicadores se utilizó la metodología propuesta por Sarandón (2002), considerando las dimensiones económica, social, cultural y ambiental y se adaptó la metodología propuesta por Ortiz y Pradel (2009) en la evaluación de impactos en programas de Manejo Integrado de Plagas, se realizó encuestas con preguntas alusivas a las consecuencias sociales, económicas y ambientales, dirigida a 44 agricultores agroecológicos y 44 a productores convencionales en la parroquia Toacaso. Adicionalmente, se identificó como tratamiento “control” a una muestra de 44 productores convencionales tomados en la parroquia Mulaló, lo que permitió realizar una comparación con y sin adopción de prácticas agroecológicas. De las 44 unidades productivas que implementaron el sistema de producción agroecológica el 27,27% alcanzaron sustentabilidad general, el índice promedio de sustentabilidad general fue de 2,16, 86,36% alcanzo sustentabilidad ambiental, el 47,72% sustentabilidad económica, y el 47,73% tienen sustentabilidad social.
Meslek Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Biyofili Düzeyleri
Authors: Konu Kadirhanoğulları Meryem , Özay Köse Esra
Published: August 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı bir devlet üniversitesine bağlı meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin biyofili düzeylerini belirlemektir. Tarama modelinde yürütülen bu araştırmanın örneklemi 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında 275 kız 171 erkek olmak üzere toplam 446 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında “Biyofili Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Veriler, normal dağılım göstermediğinden non parametrik istatistiklerden Mann Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis H testi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin biyofili ölçeği alt boyut ve ortalama puanları toplamlarının cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek için yapılan analizden elde edilen bulgulara göre öğrencilerin biyofili ölçeğine ait Faktör 1 Faktör 2 ve Faktör 4 puanları ile cinsiyetleri arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu, Faktör 3 ve ortalama puanları ile cinsiyetleri arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin biyofili ölçeği alt boyut ve ortalama puanları bölümler açısından Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Öğrencilerin biyofili ölçeğine ait Faktör1, Faktör 2, Faktör 3 ve ortalama puanları ile bölümleri arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu, Faktör 4 puanları ile bölümleri arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı saptanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara yönelik; öğrencilere verilecek doğa eğitimine ilköğretim düzeyinden başlanması gerektiği, öğrencilerde biyofili düzeyinin artması için doğada mümkün olduğunca çok türün incelenmesi, birçok türü bir arada görmek için botanik ve hayvanat bahçelerinin ziyaret edilmesi, müfredatlarda doğa ile daha iç içe olabilecek uygulamalara yer verilmesi gerektiği şeklinde önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Rap2A/p-ERK1/2 is involved in glioma proliferation and migration.
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Jingjing , Liang Richu , He Jian , Liao Quan , Jiang Yuanding
Published: August 2022

Background:

Gliomas, the most common and malignant primary tumors, relate to the highest mortality rate of all central nervous system cancers. Previously, it has been demonstrated that Rap2A plays an essential role in tumor growth in human cancer cell lines. However, it remains largely unclear as to whether and how Rap2A is involved in the development of gliomas. In the current study, the role of Rap2A in glioma and its specific molecular mechanism are investigated by our group.

Methods:

Expression of Rap2A was examined in glioma cell lines and human normal astrocyte cells using Western blot analysis. Using the CCK-8 cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell migration assay, we elucidated the role of Rap2A in glioma cell proliferation and migration. Levels of E-cadherin, vimentin and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were also determined using Western blot.

Results:

The results suggested that Rap2A expression was remarkably decreased in glioma cells compared to the normal astrocyte cells. Overexpression of Rap2A prominently suppressed cell proliferation and migration as well as enhanced E-cadherin expression and reduced vimentin level in both U87 and U251 cells. In vivo assay proved that Rap2A overexpression slowed tumor growth of glioma. In particular, Rap2A overexpression remarkably inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

Conclusions:

Therefore, our findings demonstrated that Rap2A functioned as a tumor suppressor via modulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which may be a potential therapeutic candidate for treating glioma.
Propiolic Acids in the Synthesis of N-heterocycles
Authors: Wang Zhan-Yong , Liu Zhantong , Wang Nan , Tong Yuanfeng
Published: August 2022

:

This review discussed the synthetic applications of propiolic acids in the preparation of
diverse N-heterocycles. 3~9-membered rings like azirines, β-lactams, oxazolidin-2-ones, 2-oxindoles,
indoles, isoindolin-1-ones, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, triazoles, 2-pyridones, 2-quinolones, 1,4-
benzothiazines, thiazinones, spiroindolines, etc. could be constructed via radical addition, fourcomponent
Ugi reactions, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, or Diels-Alder reaction mechanism. We hope
this review will promote future research in this area

Introduction;:

Synthesis of azirines; Synthesis of lactams; Construction of five-membered rings; Construction
of six-membered rings; Double cyclization for N-heterocycles; Construction of 7~9-
membered rings; Conclusion.
Evaluation of Risk Assessment for Acrylamide in Bread Consumed in
Tehran
Authors: Koohi Mohammad Kazem , Azimoshan Naghmeh , Hassan Jalal
Published: August 2022

Objective:

This study was aimed to investigate the average amount of acrylamide in two types of traditional bread (Barbari and Sangak) and one type of industrial bread (toast) and to investigate their hazard potential (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR).

Methods:

Twenty samples of each Barbari, Sangak, and Toast from a bakery in one of the neighborhoods of Tehran in a period of one month were prepared completely randomly.

Results:

These results were obtained using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method and a chromatographic device equipped with a phosphorus-nitrogen detector (NPD). The highest amount of acrylamide was obtained in Sangak (59.7 ng g-1), Barbari (52.6 ng g-1) and toast (38.2 ng g-1) bread, respectively.

Conclusion:

Carcinogenic risk factor (CR) in Sangak and Barbari bread in the amounts of 320 and 500 g per day can be problematic for the consumer and increase the risk of carcinogenic diseases. However, these values do not prohibit the consumption of toast.
Sensory Characteristic, Nutritional Content, and Glycemic Analysis of
Instant Porridge Made of Red Rice, Pumpkin, and Tuna Formulated for
the Elderly
Authors: Sudargo Toto , Larasati Adisti Qamahadlina , Aulia Bianda , Prameswari Atika Anif , Aristasari Tira , Putri Sheila Rosmala
Published: August 2022

Background:

The elderly experience decreased muscle mass and strength, which is often coupled with a reduced dietary intake that may affect physical fitness and quality of life.

Objectives:

This study aimed to develop Bensuka, an instant porridge product made from red rice, pumpkin, and tuna, formulated for the elderly.

Methods:

To find the right formulation with a low glycemic index (GI) and favorable sensory characteristics, the ingredients were mixed with different ratios, F1 (40% rice, 25% pumpkin, 20% tuna), F2 (35% rice, 25% pumpkin, 25% tuna), and F3 (35% rice, 20% pumpkin, 30% tuna).The sensory characteristics, such as appearance (color), aroma, flavor, texture) were assessed by 64 semi trained panelists using a 7-point Likert scale, with 1=strongly dislike and 7= strongly like. One-way ANOVA was performed to analyze the different characteristics between formulations. The nutritional content was assessed using standardized laboratory analysis according to AOAC guidelines.

Results:

The formula with a higher ratio of tuna had a higher protein content, while the formula with a higher proportion of red rice had higher calorie and ash content (mineral content). There were no significant differences in sensory characteristics between the three formulations, but F2 had the highest Likert score for flavor and texture. F2 also had the lowest glycemic index and load.

Conclusion:

Bensuka instant porridge has favorable sensory and nutrient properties. F2 formulation had the lowest GI and GL. In terms of sensory properties, F2 texture, flavor, and aroma were the most favorable. Therefore, F2 will be used for further elderly functional food studies.