bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr.
Authors: Dahiru Mubarak Muhammad , Abaka AbudulAzeez Mumsiri , Artimas Susan Pwakangdi
Published: June 2023

This research aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents and antibacterial effects of methanol and ethyl acetate stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum (DM). The phytochemicals were detected and quantified while the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi was established determining the zone of inhibition (ZI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Phytochemical screening showed alkaloids (16.33% ±0.88) were present in the methanol extract only while saponins and flavonoids were detected in concentrations of 31.00% ±2.31 and 21.01% ±2.33 respectively for the methanol extract and 21.67% ±1.76 and 38.01% ±1.16, for the ethyl acetate. The methanol extract exhibited the highest ZI on S. aureus (21.3 mm ±1.11) with its least inhibition observed on E. coli (6.5 mm ±0.77) while the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest ZI on S. typhi (19.1 mm ±2.01). S. typhi exhibited more sensitivity to DM extracts at the least concentrations of 12.5 mg/ml (methanol) and 25 mg/ml (ethyl acetate) while the MBC results showed that the 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml were the effective respective concentration for methanol and ethyl acetate extracts against S. typhi. Conclusively, DM exhibited an antibacterial effect against the test organisms with notable inhibitory and bactericidal effects.
Antidiarrhoeal Activities of Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) Extract in Experimentally-Induced Diarrhoea Model
Authors: Isirima Joshua Charles , Uahomo Precious Ojo
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the effects of Lime on Diarrhoea in Wistar rats. A total of 60 Wistar rats were procured and randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 animals each for each of the three t-test models. The twenty healthy Wistar rats for each diarrhoea model were fasted for 6 hours prior to the experiment but allowed free access to water. The twenty animals were randomly divided into 5 groups of 4 animals each for each experiment. Established antidiarrhea models were followed. The test groups received various doses (97.65mg/kg, 195.3mg/kg, and 390.6mg/kg) of Citrus aurantiifolia juice extract; whereas positive controls received Loperamide (2.5mg/kg) and negative controls received distilled water (1ml/kg). The administration was done once daily for 15 days, and the faeces of each animal was collected on the 5th, 10th and 15th day. The result of this study showed that medium and high dose Citrus aurantiifolia has an anti-diarrhoeal effect on castor oil-induced diarrhoea over repeated administration for a minimum of 15 days as it prolonged the onset of diarrhoea, decreased the frequency of defecation and gastrointestinal transit time in Wistar rats. This study shows that Citrus aurantiifolia demonstrates significant anti-diarrhoeal activity and can be used as an anti-diarrhoea agent.
Peran Regulasi Diri dalam Belajar terhadap Prokrastinasi Akademik pada Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah
Authors: Ramadhan Yoga Achmad , Nugroho Rio Adi , Umaroh Siti Khumaidatul , Mariskha Silvia Eka
Published: June 2023

Academic procrastination is a detrimental behavior, including in the context of students at Madrasah Tsanawiyah. This study aims to analyze the role of self-regulated learning towards academic procrastination in Madrasah Tsanawiyah students. The study population was students from class VII to class IX at Madrasah Tsanawiyah IB, totaling 215 students consisting of 111 male students and 104 female students. Determination of research samples using cluster random sampling technique and obtained a sample of 140 students. The research data was obtained using a self-regulation scale in learning with a reliability value of 0.899 and an academic procrastination scale with a reliability value of 0.903. Simple linear regression was chosen as the research data analysis. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that self-regulation in learning is negatively related to academic procrastination with a regression coefficient of -0.817 with a value of p = 0.000 (p <0.05). The role of self-regulation in learning towards academic procrastination is shown by the R-Square of 0.421, meaning that the variable of self-regulated learning plays a role of 42.1% on the variable of academic procrastination. Prokrastinasi akademik merupakan perilaku yang merugikan, tidak terkecuali dalam konteks siswa di Madrasah Tsanawiyah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk emnganalisis peran regulasi diri dalam belajar terhadap prokrastinasi akademik pada siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah. Populasi penelitian adalah para siswa kelas VII sampai dengan kelas IX Madrasah Tsanawiyah, berjumlah 215 orang yang terdiri dari 111 orang siswa laki-laki dan 104 orang siswa perempuan. Penetapan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 140 siswa. Data penelitian diperoleh menggunakan skala regulasi diri dalam belajar dengan nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,899 dan skala prokrastinasi akademik dengan nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,903. Regresi linier sederhana dipilih sebagai analisis data penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa regulasi diri dalam belajar berhubungan negative dengan prokrastinasi akademik dengan koefisien regresi sebesar -0,817 dengan nilai p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Peran regulasi diri dalam belajar terhadap prokrastinasi akademik ditunjukkan R-Square sebesar 0,421, bermakna variabel regulasi diri dalam belajar berperan sebesar 42,1% terhadap variabel prokrastinasi akademik.
Convolvulus prostratus Forssk : A Memory Boosting Herb
Authors: Chouhan Gourav , Solanki Neelam , Shekhawat Gyan Singh , Parihar Suman
Published: June 2023

Convolvulus prostratus Forssk. aka C. pluricaulis, C. microphyllus commonly known as ‘Shankhpushpi’ has been traditionally used for improvement in memory and cognitive function in cases of dementia, epilepsy, depression, anxiety and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Studies have shown that this herb has potential to enhance memory recall, increase brain plasticity and boost learning ability. The plant species has several active metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids and terpenoids that interacts with protein, neurological signaling pathways and demonstrates pharmacological effects, such as, anti-amnesiac, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, analgesic, antioxidant, neuroprotective, memory and learning improving, sedative-hypnotic and anticonvulsant activity, which have been linked to brain health and the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, leaf explant of C. prostratus were cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog’s medium) medium supplemented with 1mgL-1 2, 4-D shows optimum callus induction. Moreover, several biotechnological approaches could be used for better understanding of its memory enhancing mechanism, such as, phytochemical analysis for active compounds, in vitro and in vivo studies for safety and efficacy, metabolomics for potential health benefits and tissue culture for large scale productionof this medicially potent plant species in controlled environment. At present, there are many commercial medicinal products available in the market consisting Shakhapushpi as an ingredient or whole.
Right to the city in the age of neoliberal development: A case study of two slum communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Arefin Shamsul
Published: June 2023

Due to rapid urbanization and the influence of neoliberal development policies, slum dwellers frequently encounter marginalization, inadequate living conditions, limited access to urban resources and spaces, and limited political representation throughout the world. Bangladesh is not an exception. This study investigates the right to appropriate and political participation of the urban poor in Bangladesh within the context of neoliberal development. In addition, the study critically evaluates the role of the state and various non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society organizations in mobilizing the urban poor in Bangladesh. The study, therefore, implements a mixed-methods approach, including surveys, interviews, and community consultations, to obtain answers to these questions from two slums in Dhaka, Bangladesh, named Sattola and Pallabi. The findings show that the urban poor in these informal settlements confront significant challenges in claiming urban spaces due to local legislation, regulations, and development plans. As a result, they must negotiate with various formal and informal stakeholders to exercise their rights over urban spaces. The study also emphasizes that the urban poor face social and institutional barriers that limit their ability to participate effectively in decision-making, such as exclusion from formal political processes, limited access to information, and a lack of awareness of their rights. These difficulties exacerbate their marginalization from conventional urban development planning. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that due to the authoritarian state’s control over them, NGOs and other civil society organizations cannot assist the urban poor in mobilizing their right to the city. As a result, this study underlines the importance of a democratic government in Bangladesh for recognizing and defending the rights of the urban poor. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of policy reforms and partnerships among government institutions, civil society organizations, and international actors to achieve inclusive and sustainable urban development that prioritizes the rights and well-being of the urban poor.
Corrosion behavior of GH3535 alloy in KCl–MgCl2 eutectic salts purified with magnesium
Authors: Li Na , Liu Qi , Yin Huiqin , Ling Changjian , Wang Yang , Tang Zhongfeng
Published: June 2023

The corrosion behavior of GH3535 alloys in KCl–MgCl2 eutectic salts with or without magnesium (Mg) was investigated using the static immersion tests. The effect of purification treatment on the corrosion of GH3535 specimens was also evaluated by the different analysis. The KCl–MgCl2 salts purified with Mg and reducing service temperature can slow down the corrosion rate of GH3535 specimens. Infrared spectra results showed that purification treatment reduced the content of crystal water in the KCl–MgCl2 salts. The difference of hydrate content in KCl–MgCl2 salts and the diffusion rate of Cr in alloy are the main reasons for the change of GH3535 specimens corrosion rate.
Ample line bundles and generation time
Authors: Olander Noah
Published: June 2023

We prove that ifXis a regular quasi-projective variety of dimensiond, the set of line bundles{𝒪X⁢(n)}n∈ℤ{\{\mathcal{O}_{X}(n)\}_{n\in{\mathbb{Z}}}}generates the bounded derived category ofXindsteps. This proves new cases of a conjecture of Orlov as well as a conjecture of Elagin and Lunts.
A nonexistence result for rotating mean curvature flows in ℝ4
Authors: Du Wenkui , Haslhofer Robert
Published: June 2023

Some worrisome potential singularity models for the mean curvature flow are rotating ancient flows, i.e. ancient flows whose tangent flow at

-
∞

{-\infty}

is a cylinder

ℝ
k

×

S

n
-
k

{\mathbb{R}^{k}\times S^{n-k}}

and that are rotating within the

ℝ
k

{\mathbb{R}^{k}}

-factor. We note that while the

ℝ
k

{\mathbb{R}^{k}}

-factor, i.e. the axis of the cylinder, is unique by the fundamental work of Colding-Minicozzi, the uniqueness of tangent flows by itself does not provide any information about rotations within the

ℝ
k

{\mathbb{R}^{k}}

-factor. In the present paper, we rule out rotating ancient flows among all ancient noncollapsed flows in

ℝ
4

{\mathbb{R}^{4}}

.
On sums of hyper-Kloosterman sums
Authors: Buttcane Jack
Published: June 2023

A formula of Kuznetsov allows one to interpret a smooth sum of Kloosterman sums as a sum over the spectrum of

GL
⁡

(
2
)

{\operatorname{GL}(2)}

automorphic forms.
In this paper, we construct a similar formula for the first hyper-Kloosterman sums using

GL
⁡

(
3
)

{\operatorname{GL}(3)}

automorphic forms, resolving a long-standing problem of Bump, Friedberg and Goldfeld.
Along the way, we develop what are apparently new bounds for the order derivatives of the classical J-Bessel function, and we conclude with a discussion of the original method of Bump, Friedberg and Goldfeld.
Weak solution of non-Newtonian polytropic variational inequality in fresh agricultural product supply chain problem
Authors: Wu Tao
Published: June 2023

In this article, we study a class of variational inequality problems with non-Newtonian polytropic parabolic operators. We introduce a mapping with an adjustable parameter to control the polytropic term, which exactly meets the conditions of Leray-Schauder fixed point theory. At the same time, we construct a penalty function to transform the variational inequality into a regular parabolic initial boundary value problem. Thus, the existence is treated with a Leray-Schauder fixed point theory as well as a suitable version of Aubin-Lions lemma. Then, the uniqueness and stability of the solution are analyzed.
Power quality enhancement of solar–wind grid connected system employing genetic-based ANFIS controller
Authors: Sowmya Sree Vemuri , Ankarao Mogili
Published: June 2023

The demand for electricity globally has led to the search for renewable energy resources for power generation and attaining it in an eco-friendly manner. The solar photovoltaic systems and wind-based generators of power are regarded as primary resources of renewable energy and are called Distributed Generation units as they are scattered in nature. These are operated with bidirectional converters by providing auxiliary services at grid side and load side in either mode of microgrid operation. Besides, the DC power generation units’ integration gets converted into AC system by means of inverters. These types of systems not only increase voltage and current harmonics and power frequency deviations but also drive the distribution system to risky operating zone. This emphasizes the stipulation of advanced control schemes for microgrid architecture. Consequently, power electronic converters introduce harmonics in the system and affect system performance. To report these expanded issues, the authors recognized an advanced custom power device entitled Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC). In this study, the proposed system on solar–wind-based hybrid energy approach has been examined primarily through the strategy of DPFC mechanism. Later, the system has been examined with Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based fuzzy logic controller and GA-based adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system controller for shunt control of context built with DPFC mechanism. Furthermore, the validated results are verified using MATLAB/Simulink software.
Assessment of radioactivity of the Sobirsoy reservoir and adjacent areas of the Nurabad district, Uzbekistan
Authors: Tukhtaev Ulugbek , Khasanov Shakhboz , Safarov Akmal , Proshad Ram
Published: June 2023

Reservoirs and artificial channels are vital sources of water for irrigated areas in arid and semi-arid regions. As such, monitoring the radioecological state of these water bodies is crucial for public health and safety. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the radioecological condition of the Sobirsoy reservoir and surrounding areas. We used gamma-spectrometry to measure natural and anthropogenic radionuclides, and coal sorbents to measure radon flux density on the ground surface. Based on our findings, we conducted a radiological risk assessment and compiled an exposure dose map of the study area. The results showed that the degree of radioactive danger to people in populated areas is within safe limits. Overall, our study provides important information for policymakers and stakeholders to make informed decisions regarding the management and safety of the Sobirsoy reservoir and its surroundings.
Dynamic Effects of Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment, and Trade Openness on Environmental Quality: Evidence From Asian Economies
Authors: Hossain Rabiul , Kumar Roy Chandan , Akter Rima
Published: June 2023

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), and trade openness (TO), and the Asian and global financial crisis on environmental quality based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis on panel data of 32 Asian economies over the 1991–2019 period. Our study supports the EKC hypothesis, implying that economic growth increases emissions to a certain point, after which growth helps reduce carbon emissions. By employing several panel data econometric estimation techniques (such as ordinary least squares, fixed effects models, and difference-generalized method of moments estimations), the study also shows robust findings that FDI could reduce carbon emissions in the Asian region by welcoming environmentally friendly technology and know-how into the economy. However, though the study finds that financial crises reduce emissions in Asian countries, the increase of TO in this region leads to an increase in emissions and causes of environmental degradation. Thus, to ensure environmental sustainability, Asian policymakers should formulate lucrative policies to attract FDI, and trade policies should also be revised.
AUTOMAÇÃO RESIDENCIAL COM IoT PARA IDOSOS E PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA FÍSICA
Authors: Strauss Edilberto , Júnior Manoel Villas Bôas , Da Costa Flávia Balbino , Valverde Gomes Gabriel Do Nascimento
Published: June 2023

Cada vez mais a tecnologia vem sendo utilizada para melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas.  Idosos e deficientes físicos podem ser beneficiados em rotinas diárias, dentro de suas residências, através da implementação de mecanismos de automação, por meio da Internet das Coisas (do inglês, Internet of Things, IoT).  Ao esclarecer com riqueza de detalhes um esquema de automação residencial, utilizando componentes de IOT, é possível responder questões do tipo: qual o objetivo do uso desta tecnologia e qual a mudança de paradigma com sua disseminação. A economia de tempo, a facilidade do tráfego e o armazenamento de informações, demonstram como a Internet das Coisas vem alterando direta e indiretamente, de forma significativa, o cotidiano de usuários e consumidores em geral.
USO DE APRENDIZADO DE MÁQUINA PARA ANÁLISE DE SINAIS TERAHERTZ NA CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE REPAROS COMPÓSITOS DE TUBULAÇÕES OFFSHORE
Authors: Strauss Edilberto , Júnior Manoel Villas Bôas , Marinho Carla Alves
Published: June 2023

Reparos compósitos de engenharia representam uma importante forma de reabilitação da integridade estrutural de regiões com perda de espessura, também sendo capazes de promover estanqueidade em defeitos tipo furo passante, em decorrência do processo de corrosão. Esta técnica de reparo também confere proteção anticorrosiva externa e apresenta a importante vantagem de ser depositada a frio, o que impulsionou sua aplicação de forma crescente em sistemas offshore. Tais reparos são dimensionados para cada caso de uso e têm uma vida útil projetada, após a qual, devem ser repostos por outros. No entanto, operando sob as severas condições ambientais offshore, aliadas às condições de operação das tubulações, o material compósito que constitui o reparo pode sofrer alterações microestruturais que alterem suas propriedades mecânicas e, consequentemente, sua vida residual em serviço. Visando analisar o efeito da névoa salina sobre tais materiais, amostras de dois fabricantes representativos foram submetidas a diferentes tratamentos de envelhecimento, com variação de temperatura e tempo, e posteriormente avaliadas através de ensaios não destrutivos. Por seu caráter de não contato, facilidade de inspecionar não metálicos e capacidade de caracterizar materiais submetidos a pequenas alterações estruturais, as ondas terahertz foram adotadas como uma metodologia de estudo neste projeto. Como abordagem inicial, após o pré-tratamento e padronização dos dados, os mesmos foram reduzidos em sua dimensionalidade via PCA (Principal Component Analysis) e submetidos a uma classificação por outros métodos de Aprendizado de Máquina. Os resultados mostraram que a técnica de terahertz foi capaz de distinguir com acerto as diferentes amostras em função da temperatura e do tempo de envelhecimento, indicando que a caracterização não destrutiva do reparo compósito no campo é viável e pode responder quanto a permanência do reparo em operação ou não. Os principais benefícios desta abordagem seriam a garantia operacional dos sistemas de tubulação offshore de forma segura e a otimização de recursos com a troca de reparos.
O MÉTODO DA DISCUSSÃO DE SISTEMAS HOMOGÊNEOS
Authors: Filho Nilo Pinto Da Silva , Nunez Emílio , Silva Filho Haroldo Costa
Published: June 2023

RESUMO

O presente artigo objetiva descrever uma técnica muito pouco conhecida utilizando determinantes para construir retas, círculos e cônicas em geral por pontos conhecidos do plano cartesiano. Também são buscadas aplicações visando obter planos e esferas no espaço tridimensional se conhecidos determinados pontos previamente. A proposta do artigo é apresentar de forma didática a obtenção de equações de curvas pelo caminho algébrico com o auxílio da discussão de Sistemas Lineares Homogêneos com infinitas soluções e também obter um modelo, via planilha eletrônica, de resultados com base no citado algebrismo. Pretende-se divulgar a referida técnica para que a mesma chegue rapidamente às salas de aula e seja implementada uma forma revolucionária de integrar o estudo de Álgebra Linear com Geometria Analítica em duas e três dimensões e Sistemas Lineares nos Ensinos Médio e Superior de conhecidas carreiras das diversas Licenciaturas da área tecnológica como Matemática, Física mas também de graduações em Astronomia e Engenharias diversas.
Cohesin‐mediated DNA loop extrusion resolves sister chromatids in G2 phase
Authors: Batty Paul , Langer Christoph CH , Takács Zsuzsanna , Tang Wen , Blaukopf Claudia , Peters Jan‐Michael , Gerlich Daniel W
Published: June 2023

Genetic information is stored in linear DNA molecules, which are highly folded inside cells. DNA replication along the folded template path yields two sister chromatids that initially occupy the same nuclear region in an intertwined arrangement. Dividing cells must disentangle and condense the sister chromatids into separate bodies such that a microtubule‐based spindle can move them to opposite poles. While the spindle‐mediated transport of sister chromatids has been studied in detail, the chromosome‐intrinsic mechanics presegregating sister chromatids have remained elusive. Here, we show that human sister chromatids resolve extensively already during interphase, in a process dependent on the loop‐extruding activity of cohesin, but not that of condensins. Increasing cohesin's looping capability increases sister DNA resolution in interphase nuclei to an extent normally seen only during mitosis, despite the presence of abundant arm cohesion. That cohesin can resolve sister chromatids so extensively in the absence of mitosis‐specific activities indicates that DNA loop extrusion is a generic mechanism for segregating replicated genomes, shared across different Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes in all kingdoms of life.
Irán y Venezuela: del realismo periférico a la diplomacia resiliente (1999-2023)
Authors: Cardozo Alejandro , Niño César
Published: June 2023

This article aims to demonstrate that Tehran and Caracas have managed to circumvent the dynamics of the international system, and have developed alternative ways of surviving the liberal order through resilient diplomacy.. Which, according to the evidence we provide, surpasses the theory of peripheral realism, not as an epistemological improvement, but as empirical facts of the foreign policy of both. Iran and Venezuela have developed two revolutionary diplomatic phases that respond to two critical moments in their relations with the Liberal International System (LIS), a rebellious phase (Chávez- Ahmadinejad) and challenges where the  postulates of peripheral realism are met and later a resilient diplomacy (MaduroRaisi) that allows overcoming the LIS pressures and punishments.
Factors affecting the mechanical deep dewatering of sludge from wastewater treatment
Authors: Qin Weihua , Zhu Xiaolin , Liu Chang , Lin Feng
Published: June 2023

Effects of pressure, dewatering time, and sludge cake thickness on the dewatering of wastewater sludge by the hydraulic dehydrator under the condition of adding CaO and FeSO4 were analyzed using the response surface method (RSM). It was found that when the parameters of pressure, dewatering time, and sludge cake thickness were changed, the trends of dewatering papermaking sludge and municipal sludge were similar under the condition of raw sludge with 3% CaO and 3% FeSO4. Specifically, the increase of pressure and dewatering time promotes the dewatering effect of wastewater sludge, and the thinner the sludge cake is, the better the dewatering effect. The water content can be affected by the change of pressure, dewatering time, and sludge cake thickness. In response surface analysis, the model F-value and coefficient of determination (R2) were 541.43 and 0.9986, respectively, indicating high significance and good correlation. In the model, the change of pressure, dewatering time, and sludge cake thickness affected the water content of paper sludge. Particularly, the increase of pressure and compression time enhanced the dewatering efficiency. The thinner the sludge cake was, the better the dewatering effect of paper sludge was.
Prediction of the financial return of the paper sector with artificial neural networks
Authors: Yildirim Ibrahim , Ozsahin Sukru , Akyuz Kadri C.
Published: June 2023

The unknown nature of the future requires us to question our decisions and seek reliable methods. The artificial neural networks approach, which is one of the methods used to best predict the future and one that is important for decision making has been thought of, particularly in recent years, as a method with a high level of validity in the fields of economy and financial prediction. The Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE), at which millions of national and international investors operate, is among the developed stock exchanges of the world. The ISE has the attributes of being appropriate for making predictions regarding financial returns, without any sector differentiation, as a whole. In this study, it was aimed to predict monthly stock yields of 14 different paper companies dealing with the ISE (Istanbul Stock Exchange) by using artificial neural network. Four different variables (the gold price, ISE daily trading volume, exchange rate purchase-sale average, and monthly deposit interest rates by utilizing) and 127 months data were used. Results show that the monthly stock yields of the paper sector can be predicted correctly to account for 95% of the variability of data with the artificial neural network model, and the average absolute percentage failure value was 6.85%.
Effect of virgin and recycled plastics on moisture sorption of nanocomposites from newsprint fiber and organoclay
Authors: Kord Behzad , Danesh Mohammad Amin , Veysi Ramin , Shams Morteza
Published: June 2023

In this study the effect of virgin and recycled plastics on water absorption of nanocomposites from newsprint fiber and organoclay was studied. Newsprint fiber was mixed with either virgin or recycled polypropylene (PP) at 30% by weight fiber loading. The samples were made by melt compounding and then injection molding. The concentration was varied as 0, 2.5, and 5% for nanoclay. The amount of coupling agent was fixed at 10% for all formulations. The long-term water absorptions of samples were evaluated by immersing them in water at room temperature for several weeks, and water diffusion coefficients were also calculated by evaluating the water absorption isotherms. The results indicated that whether or not virgin plastic is used has a significant effect on the water absorption of composites. The water absorption of the newsprint fiber/recycled plastic composites was higher than those of virgin plastics. Furthermore, with addition of nanoclay content in composites, water absorption decreased. Water absorption of all formulations was proved to follow the kinetics of a Fickian diffusion process. Morphological findings showed the formation of intercalated morphology and better dispersion with 2.5% of nanoclay.
Additives in wood pellet produciton - A pilot-scale study of binding agent usage
Authors: Kuokkanen Matti , Vilppo Teemu , Kuokkanen Toivo , Stoor Tuomas , Niinimäki Jouko
Published: June 2023

Finland currently has tremendous enthusiasm to increase decentralised pellet production alongside of large-scale factories. The aim of research is to promote the development of eco-/cost-efficient Nordic wood-based pellet production by means of multidisciplinary research. Using Finnish conifer stem wood (bark-free Scotch pine sawdust and shavings) as a model raw material, the total functionality of a pilot-scale pellet facility combined with an extensive chemical toolbox was tested in this study to promote future development of eco- and cost-efficient wood-based pellet production in both quantitative and qualitative senses. Lignosulphonate, residual potato flour, and potato peel residue were used as adhesive binding agents. A pilot-scale pellet facility was equipped with a data logger for temperature and power measurements. The chemical toolbox included also novel specific staining and optical microscope methods and respirometric BOD Oxitop measurements. The results showed that adhesive binding agents increased the quality of pellets and changed inorganic characteristics, but did not have a significant effect on their calorimetric heat values. Lignosulphonate even increased the rate of production. Valuable information about both the pelletizing process and pellets is necessary in the future when developing good-quality pellets, a prime biofuel, from low-value and/or moist biomass that has undergone a cost-efficient drying process.
Enhanced production of laccase by fungi under solid substrate fermentation condition
Authors: Boran Filiz , Yeşilada Ozfer
Published: June 2023

Funalia trogii and Trametes versicolor were grown on agro byproduct wheat bran moistened with various natural moistening agents, and their effects on laccase production under solid substrate condition were investigated. Laccase was the main enzyme detected under this condition. High levels of laccase activity were obtained with solid substrate cultures moistened with olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) or alcohol factory wastewater (vinasse). Among the cultures without inducer, T. versicolor culture was detected as a more effective laccase producer than F. trogii culture. Copper and xylidine were used as laccase inducers, and copper induced laccase production more than xylidine. The maximum laccase activity was detected as 14.18 U/mL with F. trogii grown on wheat bran moistened with 5 mM CuSO4.5H2O added 25% vinasse. Azo dye decolorization activity of the supernatants from solid substrate cultures was also tested. While the use of 0.063 U/mL F. trogii laccase in reaction solution gave 66% decolorization in a minute, it was 14% for T. versicolor. This method can be a possible alternative for valorization of lignocellulosic materials and industrial wastewaters during solid substrate fermentation and for obtaining enzyme source with very high decolorization activity.
Study of chemical modification of alkaline lignin by the glyoxylation reaction
Authors: El Mansouri Nour-Eddine , Yuan Qiaolong , Huang Farong
Published: June 2023

In this study, glyoxalated alkaline lignins with a non-volatile and non-toxic aldehyde, which can be obtained from several natural resources, namely glyoxal, were prepared and characterized for its use in wood adhesives. The preparation method consisted of the reaction of lignin with glyoxal under an alkaline medium. The influence of reaction conditions such as the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide-to-lignin and reaction time were studied relative to the properties of the prepared adducts. The analytical techniques used were FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results from both the FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies showed that the amount of introduced aliphatic hydroxyl groups onto the lignin molecule increased with increasing reaction time and reached a maximum value at 10 h, and after they began to decrease. The molecular weights remained unchanged until 10 h of reaction time, and then started to increase, possibly due to the repolymerization reactions. DSC analysis showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased with the introduction of glyoxal onto the lignin molecule due to the increase in free volume of the lignin molecules. TGA analysis showed that the thermal stability of glyoxalated lignin is not influenced and remained suitable for wood adhesives. Compared to the original lignin, the improved lignin is reactive and a suitable raw material for adhesive formulation.
Determination of Potentially Toxic Elements in Quinoa Crops Located in the Huacaybamba–Huanuco-Peru Area
Authors: -Huamani Jimmy Rosales , Ore Jorge Breña- , -Abanto Alberto Landauro , Ñiquin Jose Arenas , Rojas Luis Centeno- , Zavala Alonso Otiniano- , Choque Joseps Andrade- , Collana Juan Medina-
Published: June 2023

Soil contamination by heavy metals is a global environmental problem, which has attracted public attention due to the consumption of various agricultural products. When heavy metals are mentioned, they refer mainly to metals and metalloids that have biological toxicity such as cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic, which have the capacity to bioaccumulate in the kidneys and liver, causing carcinogenic renal and brain tumors. These elements are mobilized in soils through natural processes such as mineral deposits, groundwater, hot springs, volcanic rocks, and also through anthropogenic activities related to mining activity in the area. Consequently, heavy metal contamination poses a great threat to human health, due to the potential risk of bioaccumulation of these heavy metals through the food chain. Quinoa is a plant grown in the Andean highlands of Peru and Bolivia and is becoming increasingly popular due to its high nutritional value and protein content. In particular, the cultivation of quinoa has grown substantially in recent years, and is in great demand in the national and international markets, due to the fact that the free trade agreement for imports of quinoa in the US does not pay tariffs, thus Peruvian exports could be favored. However, despite the interest that quinoa has generated in terms of its nutritional properties, little is known about the environmental profile of its production and processing. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine the presence of some potentially toxic elements (PTE) such as As, Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu that can be found in quinoa production. Currently, there is no information on the contents of these elements in the crops located in Huacaybamba-Huánuco. That is why in the present work we will use a methodology for taking soil samples from the areas, then through instrumental analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the concentrations of PTE present in the study area will be determined. As a result, according to the quality standard for agricultural soils in Peru and the European standard, it was found that in the case of Arsenic, Copper and Zinc all the concentration data obtained were below the permissible limits, while for Lead, the 46 % of the data obtained exceeded the standard and in the case of Cadmium, 100 % of the data obtained exceeded the environmental quality standard in the soil. Based on this information, the distribution of these elements will be characterized using geochemical maps of the area.
Systemic approach to Smart Urban Transformations Of Cities Case of Muscat- Oman
Authors: Sallam Islam , Abdelghani Montasser
Published: June 2023

A smart city concept ensures sustainable development and addresses urgent urban, social, economic, and environmental concerns. Smart cities have significant potential for improving the economy and living conditions of cities and their residents; however, this potential has yet to be fully realized in many countries. Given its escalating urban challenges, the current international smart-city frameworks and models are insufficient to enable developing cities, such as Muscat city of Oman, to implement the smart-city concepts successfully. Literature review and previous studies indicate a lack of studies on systematic methodologies and standards to manage, initiate, and process the urban transformation towards smart cities in developing countries. It is due to a lack of knowledge regarding the unique characteristics of methodological frameworks for smart transformation tailored to each country's social, economic, and political circumstances. This paper aims to present an integrated methodological framework for urban transformation in the context of the social, economic, and governmental factors that affect each country's approach to smart and sustainable cities. The study depended on a qualitative and critical analysis of a selective body of literature and studies. The study presents a framework that differs from previous frameworks presented in the context of developing countries as it includes: the stages of preparation, groundwork, and setting of the basis for the city, as well as the importance of these stages in building the bridges between reality and hope; KPIs at different stages allow comparison of city performance before and after based on a  smart urban transformation model, a smart city planning strategy, and an Omani case study focused on the smart cities concept. Finally, the study ends by presenting a proposed model, “CLEVER”, that is assumed to be an effective approach to the smart transformation of cities in developing countries such as Muscat-Oman.
Instructors’ Perceptions of Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Their Implications for Studying Computer Programming in Omani Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Al-Shanfari Lamiya , Abdullah Shubair , Fstnassi Tarek , Al-Kharusi Sultan
Published: June 2023

It is a serious problem that universities worldwide, especially in the middle east, have a high rate of failure in programming courses. To overcome this issue which could probably be due to students’ lack of engagement, motivation and problem-solving skills, the Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) can be an effective tool for enhancing student learning. Despite its effectiveness, no prior research has been conducted on the impact of using ITS in higher education institutions in Oman. This study therefore investigates the perceptions of Omani University instructors to determine the levels of awareness, readiness and challenges among Omani higher institutions concerning their integration of ITS. Also, to investigate the reasons for the poor achievement of students in programming courses. We adopted two approaches in this study. First, quantitative research was conducted via a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire distributed to 59 programming instructors from different higher education institutions. Second, quantitative research was interviewing 10 instructors. Our questionnaire data reveal that most of the participants are aware of ITS’ effectiveness in the learning process. They believe that Oman’s higher education institutions are ready to adopt ITS if sufficient training and support is provided. Via text mining, our interview data illustrates the reasons behind poor performance in programming courses which includes English language barriers, deficient critical thinking, lack problem-solving skills and inadequate modes of teaching. This study clarifies the situation of higher educational institutions in term of their awareness, redness and the challenges that they may face in adopting ITS.
Modeling the transport of fecal coliform in ntanwaogba creek, influenced by variations in micronutrient deposition, velocity and dispersion coefficient
Authors: Eluozo SN , Arimieari LW
Published: June 2023

The study of Micronutrients in Ntanwaogba Creek were thoroughly carried out to monitor its rates of deposition at different numerous discharge location sites in the study environment, this was imperative because the rates of biological waste discharge at regular interval, based on this factor, it was necessary to conduct a comprehensive investigation of their rate of concentration at different station point of discharge. This implies that the rate of dispersions from the contaminant influenced constant discharge of waste in the creek, and based on these factors, it was determined that such comprehensive research was required. Micronutrients act as a substrate for microbial growth, but the speed at which they are injected into the rill affects how quickly they move through the system. In order to determine the effects of these two parameters on the migration rate of faecal coliform at different point sources of discharge, the study observed different growth rate at different station point in the study location. This observed condition indicates that the pollutants had a range of development speeds, including both slow and fast, which was enabled by these considerations. The system discovered that lower velocities have an effect on velocity rates with higher concentrations, and that accumulation with micronutrients increased their concentration. However, the concentration rates varied depending on the dominant characteristics of the transport under pressure at various points of discharge. In the simulation, these two parameters were used to determine the various pressure rates at different station points. Unquestionably, the study has depicted the effects of these two parameters' pressures on the movement of faecal coliform in a range of figures that correspond to the several point sources of discharge looked at. The speeds recorded at various station locations represented the pressure rates at various rates of concentration in the research environment. It has established the scope of the influence of rill flow velocity and the variance in micronutrient deposition at various point sources. On the basis of model simulation prediction results, also, the dispersions at various point sources were evaluated. Both parameters showed correlations for the best fits when the predicted and experimental values were compared for model validation.
New approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, Sergienko O.I. , Oparin A.G. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University, Novokhatnya А.E. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University
Published: June 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of liver diseases: 25% of the population of European countries have signs of NAFLD, 10–20% of patients with steatosis develop an inflammatory process (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis), which, if not treated, can transform into fibrosis and cirrhosis. In most people, NAFLD is not diagnosed, prognosis is inaccurate, and there are no licensed methods of treating the disease. In this review, we discuss some recent developments in NAFLD, focusing on disease definition, diagnosis, and treatment.
The art of medicine healing in the postmodern epoch.
Authors: Semydotska Zh.D. , Chernyakova I.O. , Avdeyeva O.V.
Published: June 2023

The article deals with the peculiarities of the development of the mankind, medicine, the art of healing in different periods (pre-industrial, industrial, post-industrial) of the pre-modern, modern, postmodern epochs. Particular attention is paid to the postmodern period the appearance of which is connected with the disturbance of a human to adapt to the extraordinary acceleration of the pace of scientific development as well as development of technology, biomedical technologies, the increase in the number of crises and catastrophes. The features of the postmodern period in which the mankind is are under consideration: dehumanization of society, culture, medicine; identity crisis of an individual, patient, doctor; transformation of medicine into a service sector; a gap between the achievements of the life sciences, modern biotechnologies and a disappearing art of healing. The problems of the post-COVID world, the nearest future of the mankind are discussed.
Сlinic and pathogenic significance of omentin.
Authors:   Kharkiv National Medical University, Korzh O.M. , Fylenko Y.M. ,   Kharkiv National Medical University
Published: June 2023

Today, adipokines are important cellular signaling proteins synthesized by adipose tissue and involved in a variety of processes, including inflammation, lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, endothelial cell function, angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, and many others. This review examines the immunological and endocrine function of omentin and its potential use as a biomarker and therapeutic target in diseases such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerosis.
An overview of the connection between Earth’s climate evolution and mass extinction events
Authors: Montero-Martínez Martín José , Andrade-Velázquez Mercedes
Published: June 2023

Authors present a brief review of the potential impact of climate change on biodiversity throughout the history of the Earth. Studying paleoclimate is difficult because it uses proxies that occurred millions of years ago, and there is an intrinsic uncertainty associated with that. However, the climate of the past and the evolution of life itself are related to each other. The current discussion goes through the different geological eras, emphasizing the Phanerozoic Eon, where terrestrial conditions allowed life to flourish. Recent studies seem to support the argument that the five great mass extinctions are related to warm climate modes produced by intense volcanism that generate changes in the concentrations of greenhouse gases and marine anoxia. This should be one more alert for humanity to implement effective measures to counteract the current global warming trend before the consequences on ecosystems are more serious.
Estimating surface runoff using the curve number method in an ungauged watershed in Jalisco, Mexico evaluating its morphometric parameters
Authors: Hernández-Guzmán Rafael , Onchi-Ramuco Norma Leticia
Published: June 2023

The surface runoff was estimated using the curve number (CN) method for different storm events and it was associated with the morphometric parameters of an ungauged watershed in Jalisco, México. The land use and land cover map from 2019 was derived from the unsupervised classification of a Sentinel-2 image at 10 m resolution. The morphometric analysis revealed that the study area is dominated by areas of gentle slope and moderate to high permeability with dense vegetation and low relief. It is a well-drained watershed with low flood potentiality as well as a groundwater potential zone. About 69% of the study area corresponds to natural cover with tropical dry forest and evergreen forest as the most representative classes. A total of 77 storm events were identified from 2013 to 2019, with runoffs that ranged from 0.05 to 227.2 Mm3. September and October were the months with the most intense rainfall and, therefore, the months with the highest runoff volume. The average runoff was 14.52 Mm3, corresponding to an average runoff coefficient of 12.86%. Together, the methods used here provide useful results for delineating conservation strategies at the watershed level.