bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of wear and periacetabular osteolysis using dual energy computed tomography on a pig cadaver to identify the lowest acceptable radiation dose
Authors: Sandgren B. , Skorpil M. , Nowik P. , Olivecrona H. , Crafoord J. , Weidenhielm L. , Persson A.
Published: July 2016

Objectives

Computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in evaluating wear and periacetabular osteolysis (PAO) in total hip replacements. One concern with CT is the high radiation exposure since standard pelvic CT provides approximately 3.5 millisieverts (mSv) of radiation exposure, whereas a planar radiographic examination with three projections totals approximately 0.5 mSv. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lowest acceptable radiation dose for dual-energy CT (DECT) images when measuring wear and periacetabular osteolysis in uncemented metal components.

Materials and Methods

A porcine pelvis with bilateral uncemented hip prostheses and with known linear wear and acetabular bone defects was examined in a third-generation multidetector DECT scanner. The examinations were performed with four different radiation levels both with and without iterative reconstruction techniques. From the high and low peak kilo voltage acquisitions, polychrmoatic images were created together with virtual monochromatic images of energies 100 kiloelectron volts (keV) and 150 keV.

Results

We could assess wear and PAO while substantially lowering the effective radiation dose to 0.7 mSv for a total pelvic view with an accuracy of around 0.5 mm for linear wear and 2 mm to 3 mm for PAO.

Conclusion

CT for detection of prosthetic wear and PAO could be used with clinically acceptable accuracy at a radiation exposure level equal to plain radiographic exposures. Cite this article: B. Sandgren, M. Skorpil, P. Nowik, H. Olivecrona, J. Crafoord, L. Weidenhielm, A. Persson. Assessment of wear and periacetabular osteolysis using dual energy computed tomography on a pig cadaver to identify the lowest acceptable radiation dose. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:307–313. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.57.2000566.
Temporal Variation of Membracidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) Composition in Areas of Caatinga with Different Vegetation Structures
Authors: Creão-Duarte Antonio , Hernández Malva , Rothéa Rembrandt , Santos Wellington
Published: July 2016

The diversity of membracids in different Caatinga vegetation structures (preserved, intermediate and degraded) was studied during dry and rainy seasons in 2006. We recorded 1,107 individuals, belonging to 13 species, mostly during the rainy season (693). Melusinella nervosa (Fairmaire, 1846), Enchenopa brasiliensis Strümpel, 2007 and E. eunicea Creão-Duarte & Rothéa, 2007 were the most abundant species, although this pattern varied in the three areas. M. nervosa and E. brasiliensis were the most abundant during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, due to the resistance of its main host plant to seasonality and climate rigors. Thrasymedes pallescens (Stål, 1869) was the species least affected by seasonality, with 51.3% and 48.7% of the specimens collected in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, followed by E. eunicea, with 65.6% and 34.4%. A cluster analysis showed that membracids from preserved areas in the dry season were more related to the ones from rainy season, highlighting the importance of these areas in the Caatinga for maintenance of these insects, which are strongly associated with their host plants.
Taxonomy of Temnothorax simlensis stat. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with first description of sexual castes along with a mention of its plesiobiotic association with Himalayan species of genus Myrmica
Authors: Bharti Himender , Gul Irfan , Sasi Sishal
Published: July 2016

The subspecies Temnothorax rothneyi simlensis (Forel) is raised to species rank as Temnothorax simlensis stat. nov. All three castes are recorded, with the queen and male castes described for the first time. This revision is based on the comparative data from morphometry, descriptions, digital images and distribution. In addition, we provide first-hand information about the plesiobiotic association of this species with Himalayan species of genus Myrmica. A revised key to the worker caste of known Indian species of Temnothorax is also provided.
Epidemiological survey of zoonotic helminths in feral cats in Gran Canaria island (Macaronesian archipelago-Spain)
Authors: Rodríguez-Ponce Eligia , González Jorge F. , de Felipe Magnolia Conde , Hernández Julia N. , Raduan Jaber J.
Published: July 2016

The presence of zoonotic parasites in feral cats have been widely considered all over the world. In Gran Canaria (Macaronesian archipelago, Canary Islands, Spain) the number of feral cats has grown out of control in urban and rural areas. 48 of
Helminth parasites of the Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus (Sauria: Gekkonidae), from Texas, United States with a summary of helminths of this host
Authors: McAllister Chris T. , Bursey Charles R.
Published: July 2016

One hundred-thirty six Mediterranean geckos,
Taxonomy, distribution and prevalence of parasites of tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus (Castelnau, 1861) in the Sanyati basin, Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mabika Nyasha , Barson Maxwell , Van Dyk Cobus , Avenant-Oldewage Annemariè
Published: July 2016

Parasites of the tigerfish
Mechanical modeling of damage accumulation and life evaluation for stress corrosion cracking
Authors: Hou Shanqin , Xu Jinquan
Published: July 2016

To develop damage evolution models, the process of stress corrosion cracking has been distinguished into two stages of “incubation” and static fatigue. The dominative damage accumulation mechanism in the incubation stage is stress-enhanced corrosion, whereas, in the static fatigue stage, besides the corrosion-enhanced static fatigue mechanism, stress-enhanced corrosion might be nonnegligible too. Life curves with or without threshold behavior can be well explained by considering the contribution of corrosion damage accumulation in the static fatigue stage. It has been found that the incubation life is relatively small if the total life is long, but it will play an important role when total life is short, especially in cases with singular stress field. An equivalent stress has been proposed too to deal with stress corrosion under complicated stress states.
Fishing for barcodes in the Torrent: from COI to complete mitogenomes on NGS platforms
Authors: Hinsinger Damien D. , Debruyne Regis , Thomas Maeva , Denys Gaël P. J. , Mennesson Marion , Utage Jose , Dettai Agnes
Published: July 2016

The adoption of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) by the field of DNA barcoding of Metazoa has been hindered by the fit between the classical COI barcode and the Sanger-based sequencing method. Here we describe a framework for the sequencing and multiplexing of mitogenomes on NGS platforms that implements (I) a universal long-range PCR-based amplification technique, (II) a two-level multiplexing approach (i.e. divergence-based and specific tag indexing), and (III) a dedicated demultiplexing and assembling script from an Ion Torrent sequencing platform. We provide a case study of mitogenomes obtained for two vouchered individuals of daces Leuciscus burdigalensis and L. oxyrrhis and show that this workflow enables to recover over 100 mitogenomes per sequencing chip on a PGM sequencer, bringing the individual cost down below 7,50€ per mitogenome (as of current 2015 sequencing costs). The use of several kilobases for identification purposes, as involved in the improved DNA-barcode we propose, stress the need for data reliability, especially through metadata. Based on both scientific and economic considerations, this framework presents a relevant approach for multiplexing samples, adaptable on any desktop NGS platform. It enables to extend from the prevalent barcoding approach by shifting from the single COI to complete mitogenome sequencing
Brief aus Griechenland
Authors: Kavoulakos Konstantinos , Zografidis Giorgos
Published: July 2016

Our letter focuses on the present status of Modern Greek philosophy as a discipline and an activity (mainly exercised within its academic setting). We attest the continuous growth of academic philosophy during the last thirty years, especially in the fields of Ancient and Byzantine philosophy, analytical philosophy, liberal political philosophy, bioethics, hermeneutics and Critical Theory. In the two last fields as well as in the case of Kant and German Idealism the dialogue with German philosophy is distinct. Generally, the Greek philosophical community seeks to discard its former scholastic character by orienting itself towards participating in contemporary international debates. In Greece however, philosophy is rarely understood as a field of confrontation between conflicting ideas. Institutional philosophers are reluctant to undertake the role of an active critical intellectual, even though the current economic and social crisis has a strongly negative impact on universities and philosophical research.
Bockstein homomorphisms for Hochschild cohomology of group algebras and of block algebras of finite groups
Authors: Todea Constantin-Cosmin
Published: July 2016

We give an explicit approach for Bockstein homomorphisms of the Hochschild cohomology of a group algebra and of a block algebra of a finite group and we show some properties. To give explicit definitions for these maps we use an additive decomposition and a product formula for the Hochschild cohomology of group algebras given by Siegel and Witherspoon in 1999. For an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p and a finite group G we prove an additive decomposition and a product formula for the cohomology algebra of a defect group of a block ideal of kG with coefficients in the source algebra of this block, and we define similar Bockstein homomorphisms.
Intestinal parasites of unisexual and bisexual lizards Darevskia spp. (Lacertidae) from Northeastern Anatolia
Authors: Roca V. , Jorge F. , Ilgaz Ç. , Kumlutaş Y. , Durmuş S. Hakan , Carretero M. A.
Published: July 2016

Four bisexual and two unisexual species of the lizard genus Darevskia from northeastern Anatolia were searched for intestinal parasites in adult specimens. One cestode, Nematotaenia tarentolae, and two nematode species, Spauligodon saxicolae and Strongyloides darevskyi, were found, the latest identified as a Darevskia specialist. No major differences between host species were recorded. The very low infection rates and diversity result in depauperate helminth communities for all these lacertid lizards being the lowest among the Palaearctic saurians. Patterns of these helminth communities are compared with those observed in other lacertid lizards from Anatolia and Europe.
Effect of muramyl dipeptide and alum adjuvants on immunization with Filarial multi antigen peptide vaccine in mice model
Authors: Christiana I. , Aparnaa R. , Rohit R. , Rao D. Nageswara , Kaliraj P.
Published: July 2016

Filarial thioredoxin and transglutaminase are enzymes that are secreted throughout the lifecycle of the parasites which are mandatory for the survival of the parasite. They are reported to be promising vaccine candidates, yet the limitation factors of these proteins to be developed as vaccines is their homology they share with the host proteins. Hence immunodominant epitopes from these proteins were constructed as peptides and immunised in mice model with Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) as adjuvant. Immunodominant epitopic portions from Filarial thioredoxin and transglutaminase which are non-homologous with host proteins were constructed as Multi Antigen Peptide (MAP) and assembled in an inert lysine core. The synthesised MAP was immunised with MDP as adjuvant in Balb/c mice model, humoral and cellular immune response were studied. Antibody titre levels for TT MAP with MDP was in par with alum as adjuvant in mice models. T cell responses of TT MAP with MDP showed a balanced TH1/TH2 response. The TH1 cytokines namely IL-2 and IFN-ɤ were also higher in TT MAP immunised groups with MDP as adjuvant whereas alum immunised groups was TH2 biased. TT MAP admixed with MDP as adjuvant proves to be safe in mice model. Further vaccination studies are underway in permissive animal models to determine the role of TT MAP with MDP as adjuvant in protective immunity against W. bancrofti and B. malayi infections.
Adolescent health in Asia: insights from India
Authors: Basker Mona M.
Published: July 2016

Adolescents living in the Indian subcontinent form a significant proportion of the general population. India is home to 236 million adolescents, who make up one-fifth of the total population of India. Adolescent health is gradually considered an important issue by the government of India. Awareness is increasing about adolescent needs. Health care professionals in particular are becoming more interested in the specific needs of adolescent age. Adolescent medicine as a subspecialty of pediatrics has also gained importance gradually over the last decade. In a hospital setting, adolescent-specific needs are met, albeit not in a uniform manner in all the health centers. After having been trained in adolescent medicine in India and abroad, I present this paper as a bird’s eye view of the practice of adolescent health and medicine in India.
Existence of Synergistic Effects During Co-pyrolysis of Petroleum Coke and Wood Pellet
Authors: Toshniwal Pratik , Srivastava Vimal Chandra
Published: July 2016

This study attempts to comprehend the thermal degradation behaviour of different blends of petroleum coke (denoted as PC) and wood pellets (denoted as WP) (1:0, 3:1, 1:1. 1:3 and 0:1) using thermogravimetric (denoted as TG) analysis under N2 atmosphere with constant particle size range of 500–850 µm and at constant heating rate of 5 °C/min. TG experiments indicated that it is difficult to predict the pyrolysis characteristics of their blends accurately based on individual components and blending ratios. The non-additive behaviour of TG curves of the blends indicates presence of synergistic effects which could further promote the volatile yields during the co-pyrolysis process. The mixed model including homogeneous reaction model (denoted as HRM) and shrinking core model (denoted as SCM) models were used to predict the variation in kinetic parameters (activation energy and pre-exponential factor) with different blend ratios. The most obvious synergistic effects were observed when the blending ratio was 25 % on account of maximum mass loss rate from the differential thermogravimetry (denoted as DTG), maximum deviation based on root mean square (denoted as RMS) value as well as divergence in the differential thermogravimetric analysis (denoted as DTA) curve.
Dynamics of Two-Phase Dusty Fluid Flow Along a Wavy Surface
Authors: Siddiqa Sadia , Abrar M. N. , Hossain M. A. , Awais M.
Published: July 2016

This article provides the computational results of laminar, boundary layer flow of a dilute gas-particle mixture over a semi-infinite vertical wavy surface. The governing parabolic partial differential equations are switched into another frame of reference by using primitive variable formulations (PVF). Two-point finite difference scheme is applied to acquire the unknown quantities of the carrier and the particle phase. The results are obtained for the cases: (i) water–metal mixture and (ii) air–metal mixture and are displayed in the form of wall shear stress, wall heat transfer, velocity profile, temperature profile, streamlines and isotherms for different emerging physical parameters. The solutions are compared, as well, with the available data in the literature. Quantitative comparison shows good compatibility between the present and the previous results. For the dusty fluid model it is found that the rate of heat transfer reduces considerably when the amplitude of the sinusoidal waveform increases from 0 to 0.5.
Transient Heat and Mass Transfer of Micropolar Fluid between Porous Vertical Channel with Boundary Conditions of Third Kind
Authors: Doh D. H. , Muthtamilselvan M. , Prakash D.
Published: July 2016

An investigation of heat and mass transfer characteristics of unsteady free convective flow of viscous incompressible micropolar fluid between the vertical porous plates in the presence of thermal radiation is carried out in the present work. The fluid is considered to be grey, absorbing–emitting but non scattering medium and the Cogley–Vincent–Gilles formulation is adopted to simulate the radiation component of heat transfer. The resulting system of equations is solved numerically with Crank–Nicolson implicit finite difference method. The effects of various physical parameters such as transient, micropolar parameter, radiation parameter, Reynolds number, Schmidt number, heat and mass transfer Biot numbers on the velocity, temperature and concentration field are discussed graphically.
Traveling Waves of DDEs with Rational Nonlinearity
Authors: Aslan İsmail
Published: July 2016

It has been found that the dynamical behavior of many complex physical systems can be properly described by nonlinear DDEs. However, in the related literature, research focusing on such equations with rational nonlinearity is rare. Hence, the present study makes an attempt to fill the existing gap. To this end, we consider two distinct DDEs with rational nonlinearity. We observed that the model equations assume three kinds of traveling wave solutions; hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational including kink-type solitary waves and singular periodic solutions. Our discussion is based on the auxiliary equation method.
Performance Evaluation and Nonlinear Mitigation through DQPSK Modulation in 32 × 40 Gbps Long-Haul DWDM Systems
Authors: Sharan Lucky , Agrawal Vaibhav M. , Chaubey V. K.
Published: July 2016

Higher spectral efficiency and greater data rate per channel are the most cost-effective strategies to meet the exponential demand of data traffic in the optical core network. Multilevel modulation formats being spectrally efficient enhance the transmission capacity by coding information in the amplitude, phase, polarization or a combination of all. This paper presents the design architecture of a 32-channel dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system, where each channel operates with multi-level phase modulation formats at 40 Gbps. The proposed design has been simulated for 50 GHz channel spacing to numerically compute the performance of both differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) modulation formats in such high-speed DWDM system. The transmission link is analyzed with perfect dispersion compensation and also with under-compensation scheme. The link performance in terms of quality factor (
Late pregnancy – a clue to prolonging life?
Authors: Ferraz Tiago , Matias Alexandra
Published: July 2016

The relation between fertility and longevity has always been a subject of study and controversy. Indeed, life expectancy extension is found to be tied to late births. This conclusion can be drawn from social-observational studies like the Long Life Family Study in New England and the New England Centenarian Study on which was found that women whose last birth was after 40 years of age are more likely to live longer. Recently, a group in Israel published a review on animal and human studies that shed some understanding on the cellular mechanisms behind the association between pregnancy and tissue regeneration and repair. These studies shed some understanding to draw biological plausibility on the association between late pregnancy and life expectancy.
Population size and artificial waterhole use by striped hyenas in the Dana Biosphere Reserve, Jordan
Authors: Attum Omar , Rosenbarger Dasynda , Al awaji Malik , Kramer Andrew , Eid Ehab
Published: July 2016

Striped hyenas have a widespread distribution in arid and semi-arid areas of Africa and Asia. However, very little is known about their population status or ecology. We used camera traps to estimate the population size and waterhole use patterns of striped hyenas visiting artificial waterholes in the Dana Biosphere Reserve, Jordan. The population size of hyenas at waterholes was estimated, using capture-recapture (identified from unique stripe patterns) method, to be nine animals in 2010 and 10 animals in 2012. Waterhole visits occurred almost entirely at night, with monthly visitation rates increasing in the hotter summer months and as the duration from the last rainfall increased. In conclusion, our results suggest that the Dana Biosphere Reserve provides safe drinking opportunities for a small population of striped hyenas and the use of these permanent artificial waterholes increases in the late summer months.
José Manuel Barroso: The EU as a Flexible Global Institution
Authors: Sacks Benjamin
Published: July 2016

NGS Reviews Editor Benjamin Sacks talks with the former president of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso.
Conservation Treatment of Samuel Holland’s Map of St John’s Island, 1765
Authors: Angus Lucy Sarah , Vervoorst Jürgen
Published: July 2016

Historically, conservation of maps included the application of silk facings, heavy cloth backings and use of inappropriate adhesives. This combination of papers, linings and adhesives often causes undulations, tenting and stiffness, hindering their use. Furthermore, silk yellows over time, which compromises the visual interpretation. The National Archives UK faced these problems when preparing Samuel Holland’s 1765 3×4 m map of St John’s Island for display. This paper outlines the complex conservation treatment of a large scale paper object, the creative and innovative techniques developed and the challenges of preparing such an object for display. All products from previous repairs in 1973 were removed using aqueous treatments, the distorted map was mended and realigned and in a major undertaking this large scale object was lined, using up to date techniques. This required building a bridge and a platform and forming a team of 12 colleagues to accomplish the complex and challenging multi-layered lining. A better understanding of treatments and materials available today enabled a successful conservation treatment, which left the map more accessible, visually engaging and flexible for the future, whilst changing protocols of future treatment of maps at The National Archives with application for the wider conservation community.
Archeboule’s Epistomion from Amphipolis
Authors: Malama Penelope , Tzifopoulos Yannis Z.
Published: July 2016

Publication of Archeboule’s gold
Ancient variants and exegesis for Il. 14.382
Authors: Pagani Lara
Published: July 2016

A detailed analysis of the scholiastic and Eustathian material concerning the variants δόσκεν / δόσκον / δῶκεν in
Quasi-Periodically Driven Quantum Systems
Authors: Verdeny Albert , Puig Joaquim , Mintert Florian
Published: July 2016

Floquet theory provides rigorous foundations for the theory of periodically driven quantum systems. In the case of non-periodic driving, however, the situation is not so well understood. Here, we provide a critical review of the theoretical framework developed for quasi-periodically driven quantum systems. Although the theoretical footing is still under development, we argue that quasi-periodically driven quantum systems can be treated with generalisations of Floquet theory in suitable parameter regimes. Moreover, we provide a generalisation of the Floquet-Magnus expansion and argue that quasi-periodic driving offers a promising route for quantum simulations.
The evaluation of the synergistic effect of 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and l-ascorbic acid on tyrosinase inhibition
Authors: Chen Xinyang , Haniu Aya , Kashiwagi Takehiro , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Watanabe Takashi , Okamoto Yoshino , Suzuki Masanobu , Kim Chul-Sa
Published: July 2016

3-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (DDPA) and l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) show tyrosinase inhibition activity. A synergistic effect on tyrosinase inhibition was observed when the two compounds were mixed. The effect significantly decreased the IC50 value of both compounds.
Por la renovación de un (no) canon. Críticas y narradoras en el siglo XXI, México y Diáspora / For the renewal of a (non) canon. Critics and narrators in the 21st century, Mexico and Diaspora
Authors: Pacheco Roldán Adriana
Published: July 2016

El propósito de esta investigación es hacer un análisis de la producción y temática en la narrativa contemporánea de mujeres en México, para recuperar algunas obras de escritoras con formación universitaria o estudios de postgrado. La intención es revisar de qué manera la formación crítica y la producción literaria dialogan y funcionan como conducto de sus propuestas epistemológicas para denunciar y recusar esquemas de poder, promover la equidad de género, o proponer nuevas representaciones estéticas. El estudio parte del trabajo de cuatro escritoras representando las generaciones de los 1970s a los 1980s: Guadalupe Nettel (México 1973), Marina Herrera (Saltillo 1977), Verónica Gerber (México 1981) y Valeria Luiselli (México 1983). La muestra anterior fue seleccionada debido a que sus obras responden a una renovada visión en la perspectiva de teorías críticas más contemporáneas como los estudios culturales y los estudios de género postcoloniales, y a una innovación creativa con nuevas propuestas estéticas. Este trabajo es la primera fase de un proyecto que eventualmente integrará parte de un texto didáctico para la enseñanza del análisis textual en el aula de educación universitaria o preparatoria, desde una perspectiva de género, social y cultural que se ajuste más a la circunstancia contemporánea de la mujer en México y a la enseñanza de la literatura.
Recursos lingüísticos visuales en las ciencias naturales / Linguistics visual resources in the natural sciences
Authors: Gutiérrez Sánchez María Constanza Lidia
Published: July 2016

El uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC`S), han propiciado que los recursos lingüísticos visuales en educación sean diversos y versátiles, haciendo de éstos una herramienta indispensable en el salón de clases, auditorio escolar, etcétera.  Dentro de estos recursos se encuentran las Infografías ya que, de acuerdo a algunos investigadores, permiten la apropiación del conocimiento mediante el procesamiento, organización y priorización de nueva información al tiempo que clarifican su pensamiento (Jonassen, 2000), por lo que se consideró, que son un medio que puede coadyuvar a potencializar el aprendizaje de las ciencias naturales en los alumnos, y a su vez éstos sean capaces de enseñar a otros.  El universo de estudio de esta investigación son los estudiantes del tercer año matutino de la Preparatoria Licenciado Benito Juárez García de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla inscritos en el área de las ciencias naturales y de la salud, del ciclo escolar 2014-2015, haciendo un comparativo transversal con un grupo piloto y otro donde no se utilizo el recurso. Más adelante, se muestran los resultados. Para medir y evaluar su alcance, se utilizaron dos instrumentos  un cuestionario donde los alumnos de tercero del grupo piloto se autoevalúan y una encuesta aplicada a los estudiantes de segundo año de la misma preparatoria que fueron asesorados por éstos. Las conclusiones a las que se llega después de analizar los resultados, muestra el potencial que tiene en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de diversos temas de las ciencias naturales y de la salud, siempre y cuando sean bien trabajadas.
Medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en caballos mediante un analizador de inmunoensayo automatizado
Authors: Suárez-Esquivel Marcela , Castro-Ramírez Laura
Published: July 2016

A pesar de que las enfermedades tiroideas son poco comunes en equinos, es importante contar con un intervalo de referencia para hormonas tiroideas en cualquier laboratorio de endocrinología veterinaria. Asimismo, la medición de cortisol y hormonas tiroideas es útil en caballos, no solamente en el diagnóstico de enfermedades, sino que, ambos tipos de hormonas, son utilizadas como herramientas para monitorización e investigación del desempeño físico y la tasa metabólica.Los objetivos de este estudio son: (i) probar la capacidad del analizador automatizado AIA 360® (TOSOH Bioscience) para la medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en suero equino de forma confiable y; (ii) establecer un intervalo de referencia para hormonas tiroideas en caballos costarricenses utilizando el AIA -360®.Se muestreó 68 caballos saludables, libres de medicación (31 machos y 37 hembras) y se agruparon en tres categorías, con base en la edad. Las concentraciones séricas de tiroxina total (TT4), tiroxina libre (FT4) y cortisol fueron cuantificadas en el AIA-360®. La relación estadística, entre sexo, edad y valores hormonales, se determinó con las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn y Wilcoxon (U Man-Whitney). Se consideró significativo un valor de p <0.05.Los intervalos de referencia fueron los siguientes: TT4 14.16 – 46.33 nmol/L, FT4 3.60 – 16.09 pmol/L y cortisol 23.45 – 166.64 nmol/L. Estadísticamente, no se encontró relación significativa entre el sexo, la edad y los valores hormonales. Se observó relaciones significativas (p<0.05) entre los niveles hormonales y algunos de los parámetros medio ambientales en los cuales se encontraban los animales.  A mayor altitud, los niveles de cortisol fueron más elevados; mientras que, conforme aumentaba la temperatura ambiental, los valores de cortisol fueron más bajos. Los niveles de FT4 incrementaron a mayor precipitación. La concentración de TT4 tiende a disminuir conforme aumentan las horas-luz diarias. Sin embargo, no se encontró una relación estadística para ello (p<0.30). Los resultados muestran que el AIA-360® es útil para la medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol; además, que los valores encontrados son comparables con otros estudios y técnicas de análisis.
Primer Reporte de Hepatozoon procyonis en Mapaches de Costa Rica
Authors: Meneses Ana , Alvarado Gilbert , Runnebaum María , Herrera Marcela , Gutiérrez-Espeleta Gustavo , Chaves Andrea
Published: July 2016

El estudio muestra, por primera vez, la detección de Hepatozoon procyonis en prociónidos, Procyon lotor de Costa Rica. Para caracterizar los gametocitos, se tomó muestras de sangre de mapaches infectados naturalmente. Los gametocitos concuerdan con Hepatozoon procyonis, los cuales fueron observados en neutrófilos del citoplasma, resultando su morfología similar a la reportada en mapaches de todas las Américas.
Osteosarcoma extraesquelético retroperitoneal en un perro: reporte de un caso
Authors: Piedra-Mora César , Barrantes-Murillo Daniel , Alfaro-Alarcón Alejandro
Published: July 2016

Se presentó un perro, de raza mixta, no castrado, 15 años de edad, con hiporexia, constipación, letargia y dolor abdominal. En el examen físico, se identificó una masa intraabdominal. Las pruebas hematológicas evidenciaron anemia leve, normocítica y normocrómica y  leucocitosis a causa de neutrofilia. Los resultados de bioquímica sérica mostraron alteraciones del nitrógeno ureico sanguíneo, fosfatasa alcalina sérica y creatinina. En el ultrasonido, se detectó un nódulo en bazo. Las radiografías evidenciaron un área radiopaca en abdomen, cerca de las vértebras lumbares. Se realizó laparotomía exploratoria y se encontró dos masas retroperitoneales. Se realizó la eutanasia del paciente, debido al difícil abordaje quirúrgico. El análisis histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico de las masas fue concluyente de un osteosarcoma extraesquelético. Los osteosarcomas extraesqueléticos son tumores malignos, de origen mesenquimal infrecuentes, sin involucramiento primario de tejido óseo o periostio. La localización retroperitoneal de estos tumores pocas veces ha sido reportada.
Enhanced remanence in nanocomposite of Y1-xSmxCo5/Co ribbons obtained by melt-spinning
Authors: Hidalgo José L. , Grijalva Maria C. , Matutes José A. , Orquiz Carlos W. , De Araujo Fernando L. , Olímpio Francisco A.
Published: July 2016

The synthesis of alloys with nominal composition for Y1-xSmxCo5 by means of arc furnace and melt-spinning, is of critical scientific importance due that if replaced partially or completely the Samarium by the Yttrium is possible understand what contribution the earth element rare to the exchange interactions that guide to increased remnant magnetization in a nanocomposite. The alloys of Y1-xSmxCo5/Co obtained by melt-spun were characterized by x-ray diffraction with a compact hexagonal crystal structure the CaCu5 type. The alloys for nanocomposites of Y1-xSmxCo5/Co ribbons show ferromagnetic behavior with good magnetic properties, order to demonstrate this the magnetic properties were measured using a pulsed field magnetometer applying a high magnetic field in order to obtain a saturated magnetization curve and a high coercivity of 0.69 MA/m and an enhanced remanence of σr/σsat ratio equal to 0.57 were determined.
SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SEAWEEDS AT NAI LAGOON, NINH THUAN PROVINCE
Authors: Tien Dam Duc
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the status of species composition and distribution of seaweeds at Nai lagoon, Ninh Thuan province. From 2013 to 2014, seaweed samples from 12 sites at Nai lagoon were collected. The result shows that, there are 47 species of marine seaweeds, belonging to four phyla: Cyanophytes (Cyanophyta), Rhodophytes (Rhodophyta), Phaeophytes (Phaeophyta) and Chlorophytes (Chlorophyta). Among them, five species were classified in Cyanophyta (comprising 10.6% of total species); fifteen species in Rhodophyta (31.9%); five species in Phaeophytea (10.6%) and twenty two species in Chlorophyta (46.9%). The number of species at each site is significantly different, ranges from 3 species (site number 17) to 20 (site number 6) and average value is 11.3 species per site. The number of species in dry season is 38 and in rainy season is 39, and 32 species appear in both seasons. The coefficient index fluctuates from 0.10 (site number 11 and 17) to 0.82 (14 and 17). Among 47 species, 31 species distribute in the littoral zone and 32 species distribute in sub-littoral zone. Marine algal flora in Nai lagoon is represented by tropical characteristics.
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROUND SCAD DECAPTERUS MARUADSI (TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1843) IN THE TONKIN GULF
Authors: Son Hoang Ngoc , Ha Vu Viet
Published: July 2016

Biological characteristics of the round scad Decapterus maruadsi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) were analyzed using data collected by Vietnam - China Corporation Survey Project for the Marine Fisheries Resources Assessment in the Common Fishing Zone in the Gulf of Tonkin. Biological samples were monthly and randomly collected from the catches of trawl fisheries in Cat Ba island (Hai Phong) and Lach Hoi, Lach Bang (Thanh Hoa province). There were a total of 7,614 individuals of round scad collected in the period from 2012 - 2013. The result showed that the fork length of fish varied in range of 45 - 262 mm with the mean length from 166 - 167 mm. The Von Bertalanffy growth function of round scad was expressed as . Round scad spawned once a year with the spawning season extending from January to April and reaching a peak in March. The estimated length at first maturity (Lm50) was 160.96 mm for female and 161.37 mm for male.
Understanding Weed Resistance as a Wicked Problem to Improve Weed Management Decisions
Authors: Jussaume Raymond A. , Ervin David
Published: July 2016

Managing weed resistance has become a major challenge for many agricultural producers. Resistance is growing in terms of the number of weeds exhibiting resistance and the number of herbicides to which weeds are becoming resistant. The susceptibility of weeds to herbicides in many regions is a diminishing common pool resource affected by local producer weed control actions and natural conditions. Given the growing number of weeds exhibiting resistance, and the recognition that weed resistance is not a private property issue, we argue that managing resistance must be viewed as a wicked problem with no standard template across regions. Finding farm management approaches that help farmers successfully address weed resistance requires a shared perspective that incorporates an improved understanding of the human dimensions of weed management. Through an analysis of wicked problem characteristics, we argue that a people-centered approach to weed management is necessary. We offer principles learned from tackling other wicked agriculture and resource conservation issues to guide such approaches. Education, technical assistance, incentive schemes and regulatory efforts, and other strategies can play roles in constructing management approaches for herbicide resistance, but will have to vary from current efforts to unravel the mysteries of more effective weed management. Building a more inclusive approach, in terms of stakeholders and disciplines, will be key to achieving progress.
Poland’s only movable railway bridge still in use
Authors: Hołowaty Janusz
Published: July 2016

The paper presents a bascule span railway bridge which is the only one in service in Poland. The movable structure is still in use despite over 70 years’ service life. Originally the bridge was constructed for a double track but the bridge spans were blown up at the end of the Second World War. After the war, the bridge was rebuilt using parts from the damaged spans but only for one track. However, the original form of the bridge was retained during reconstruction, with only small parts of the machinery and installation requiring replacement. The bascule span has been in operation since then with only minor repairs. None of the machinery, mechanical transmission, stabilising elements, mechanical parts for locking and unlocking the railroad or other parts of the bascule span has been modernised, and all still retain their original function and operation. As a result, this bascule span is unique in Poland and Europe.
Diglis swing bridges, UK – a case study of movable timber bridges
Authors: Ledsham Gareth R. , Tall Lawrence , Armstrong Chris
Published: July 2016

The Diglis swing bridges are two Victorian timber swing footbridges owned by British Waterways that have been recently replaced as part of the regeneration of the Diglis canal basins in Worcester, UK. The original bridges, which rotate in a horizontal plane to allow the passage of canal boats using a pintle and roller bearing mechanism, were in a poor state of repair. Replacements to both bridges were designed and constructed, utilising many of the original metallic elements such as the kingposts, rod stays and turning handles. The replacements needed to be faithful to the heritage of the original structures, but with consideration given to modern design standards. Construction details in oak were developed that were capable of withstanding the design loads, but were in keeping with the original structures. Sustainable sources of oak timbers had to be identified prior to construction. In 2006, the new bridges received the ICE West Midlands Sustainability Award in recognition of the efforts undertaken to replace the original structures in a sensitive manner.
Hydraulic modelling of stratified bi-directional flow in a river mouth
Authors: Laanearu Janek , Vassiljev Anatoli , Davies Peter A
Published: July 2016

Analytical results from internal hydraulic theory are presented for a horizontal channel connecting river- and sea-basin waters of slightly different densities. The maximal exchange of inviscid, two-layer flow is analysed for such a system, for the case of a non-rectangular channel. The internal hydraulic theory has been extended to include internal energy losses and related net barotropic flow components in the surface layer. The hydraulic model is tested using archival field measurements in the Pärnu River mouth, where stratified bi-directional flow, accompanied by variable sea-level conditions and river water discharges, was observed. The study demonstrates that internal hydraulic theory predicts satisfactorily the stratified bi-directional fluxes and density-interface depths observed in the river mouth. In this study the two-layer exchange problem is solved with two control points, but the theory can be applied quite generally to predict the layer depths of the river and marine waters in the estuarine interaction zone.
Vortex excitation of steel chimneys with corrosion
Authors: Lipecki Tomasz , Flaga Andrzej
Published: July 2016

The aim of the present study was to determine the steel chimney response under vortex excitation taking into account the influence of corrosion of steel chimney pipe. Across-wind load caused by vortex shedding as well as steel chimney response given in displacements are calculated according to the authors' own model of vortex excitation. In addition, the authors' own computer program called ‘Vortex Load' was created to implement the proposed model.
Templer & Parlby: eighteenth century contractor
Authors: Drabble S.
Published: July 2016

James Templer (1722–1782) and Thomas Parlby (1727–1802) were men of humble origin who became prominent contractors in the second half of the eighteenth century, working mainly, though not exclusively, in the royal dockyards for the Navy Board. Over 40 projects have been attributed to them or to one of their constituent organisations. England's quest for maritime supremacy throughout the eighteenth century led to an expansion in the royal dockyards, requiring large-scale civil engineering and building projects. These were undertaken variously by dockyard workers or by external contractors or, sometimes, both working together. Templer, a house carpenter and Parlby, a stonemason, emerged from the ranks of artisans to create a large and effective workforce operating across the south of England. Between them, they acquired properties in London, Middlesex, Kent, Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset and Devon. Although their businesses brought them wealth and social standing, their interests were not pursued by later generations of either family and their firms shrank into obscurity after 1802.
Briefing: William Fairbairn and the ‘suspended girder’
Authors: Swailes Tom
Published: July 2016

This briefing introduces the reprint of a classic paper presented to the Institution of Civil Engineers in April 1847 by William Fairbairn. A month earlier, Fairbairn had investigated the cause of a partial building collapse at Ancoats Mill in Manchester in which a mill worker had died. Contemporary newspaper reports on the accident and the inquest are used to put Fairbairn's paper into context. Some background is provided to Fairbairn's serious concerns about the safety of large buildings when not designed and built by competent persons. Much of the discussion at the Institution after presentation of the paper was taken up by the defence by leading railway engineers of the principle of the ‘suspended girder’, a cast iron beam strengthened with wrought iron trussing rods. Fairbairn blamed the mill building collapse mainly on the use of the suspended girder, which at the time was gaining popularity for railway bridges of longer span. The paper explains how events unfolded soon afterwards to prove Fairbairn right and his eminent contemporaries wrong.
Waterloo Bridge – structural behaviour and strength
Authors: Astin David
Published: July 2016

Waterloo Bridge, carrying the A301 road across the River Thames in London, was completed in 1942. It comprises twin multi-cell reinforced-concrete box girders of variable depth with connecting transverse slab, supported on caisson foundations. The paper describes the analysis and load assessment using modern techniques of a structure originally designed without the use of computers. The original articulation system incorporated stops to restrict longitudinal movement, and dynamic damping devices. The assessment has taken account of the actual behaviour of the structure determined from movement measurements. The centre suspended span is supported by hinge joints, which comprise steel roller bearings attached to concrete with pre-stressed vertical and diagonal bars. These bearings and their associated supports were subject to detailed analysis to determine their ultimate strength. The assessment has led to a much better understanding of bridge performance and residual life, which will enable the bridge owner to plan future maintenance interventions.
Bubble stabilisation improves strength of lightweight mortars
Authors: Hussein Oday H. , Bernal Susan A. , Ha Ju-Hyung , Provis John L.
Published: July 2016

Lightweight foamed mortars are produced through the addition of foaming agents into the cement blend, so that voids of different sizes are formed within the matrix, reducing the density of the material and therefore also its weight. However, the increased porosity of these materials usually compromises their mechanical strength, limiting their application as a structural material. Modern infrastructure demands high-strength lightweight concrete formulations that can be adjusted to develop more ambitious projects, both in design and application. In this study, lightweight pastes and mortars were produced using Portland cement blended with fly ash and silica fume, with varying water contents, and foamed using aluminium metal powder. To stabilise the bubbles produced through oxidation of the aluminium metal, polyethylene glycol was added to the mixes, and proved effective in yielding more uniform bubbles than were observed in the samples with no added stabiliser. This led to improvements in both the bulk density and compressive strength of the materials produced according to this new methodology.
Influence of cement alkalis on mortar expansion of ASTM C 1260
Authors: Islam Mohammad S. , Ghafoori Nader
Published: July 2016

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of three dosages of cement alkalis, such as 0·42, 0·84 and 1·26% Na2Oeq, on the alkali–silica reactivity-induced expansion of mortar bars prepared with 14 aggregate groups for 1·0, 0·5 and 0·25 N sodium hydroxide solutions at test durations of 14, 28, 56 and 98 d. For each alkali solution, the percentage contribution of cement alkali, test duration and their interaction to mortar expansion was also evaluated. The study revealed that, regardless of aggregate mineralogy, the influence of cement alkalis on mortar expansion depended mainly on the alkali solution concentration and test duration. The effect was more severe for the reduced concentration of alkali solution and early test duration, whereas the influence was minor for higher concentrations of alkali solution and extended test durations. Elevating cement alkalis resulted in a greater increase in the expansion of reactive aggregates for 0·25 N sodium hydroxide as compared to that of innocuous aggregates.
Thermal properties of cob retrofitted with external hemp–lime
Authors: Griffiths Richard , Goodhew Steve
Published: July 2016

Insulating earth walls with an external layer of hemp–lime improves thermal performance in a sustainable way and could promote the wider use of earth in construction. Monolithic earth walls, known in Devon as cob, are widely used in many countries with temperate climates. Earth walls are a form of sustainable construction, but their thermal performance is poor when measured against current UK Building Regulations. Non-permeable, high-performance insulation materials may cause moisture-related problems in earth walling. Therefore, this paper describes the transient thermal properties of monolithic cob walls retrofitted with external hemp–lime insulation, which offers a permeable solution. The transient thermal properties of the walls are calculated using bespoke software developed for an earlier study of brick walls and the air-to-air thermal transmittance is determined for various thicknesses of hemp–lime insulation. Typical cob walls found in Devon have U-values >1 W/m2 K, or about three times the 0·3 W/m2 K UK Building Regulations target. For a 600 mm thick cob wall with 250 mm of external hemp–lime, a U-value of 0·3 W/m2 K is achieved. Five areas of concern are discussed briefly: caution, sustainability, acceptability, uncertainty in data and the possible energy and carbon dioxide savings.