bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RSM-optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of R. laevigata polysaccharides with bioactivities
Authors: Gao Pinyi , Shen Xin , Guo Yongdan , Jin Mei , Yue Dandan , Li Danqi , Liu Xuegui , Liu Changfeng
Published: December 2023

Rosa laevigata Michx. is an edible traditional Chinese medicinal herb that possesses several health benefits. This study optimized the microwave-assisted extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Rosa laevigata fruits and investigated the antimicrobial potency and the antioxidant activity of Rosa laevigata polysaccharides. The microwave power, extraction time, the number of extraction, and the solvent-to-solid ratio were established using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using screening experiments. Maximum polysaccharides yields were obtained when extraction was done for 18 min at a microwave power of 516 W and using a liquid-solid ratio of 54 mL/g. The polysaccharides yield was 20.37 % under the optimized conditions (predictive value for 20.40 %). This study also determined the antioxidant activity and the antibacterial potency of Rosa laevigata fruits to enhance their functional characterization and medicinal use. The antioxidant experiment showed that when the concentration was 5.0 mg/mL, polysaccharides had the strongest scavenging ability to DPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals, and the scavenging rate was 83.06 % and 99.38 % respectively. Furthermore, the antibacterial experiment showed that the polysaccharides exhibited prominent inhibition activities, the MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 3.13 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL, respectively.

Keywords: Rosa laevigata Michx.; polysaccharides; microwave-assisted extraction; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity
Endophytic bacteria from paddy with double 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase and nitrogenase activity
Authors: Simarmata Rumella , Ngadiman  , Rohman Muhammad Saifur , Nisa Intan Chairun , Saraswati  , Rachmat Agus
Published: December 2023

Plant growth promoting bacteria with dual activity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic-acid deaminase (ACCD) and nitrogenase, is more effective in supporting plant growth under stress condition. Previously, we were obtained several endophytic bacterial strains that exhibited dual activity, one of which was Raoultella terrigena PCM8. This study aimed to characterize the ACCD and nitrogenase genes of PCM8 strain. The acdS gene was obtained from the results of Whole Genomic Sequencing analyis, while the nifH gene was obtained by PCR. The characterization of both of the genes was carried out by means of in-silico analysis. WGS annotation analysis, showed that the acdS gene of PCM8 was located at the locus 19090 of genomic DNA and contains 978 nucleotides. In silico analysis of both acdS and nifH gene products showed that the ACCD enzyme of PCM8 had 325 amino acids, with molecular weight of 34.95 kDa, while nitrogenase as represented by nifH subunit product consist of 96 amino acids with molecular weight of 93.98 kDa, respectively.  The ACCD had pI value of 5.06, and catalytic residues of Lys51, Ser78, Tyr287, and Thr288, while nifH gene product had the pI value of 11.77. The results suggested that R. terrigena PCM8 potentially produce double activity of ACCD and nitrogenase and therefore it can be a good candidate as plant growth promoting under stress condition.

Keywords: acdS gene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, endophytic bacteria, nifH gene, nitrogenase Raoultella terrigena
Efficacy of IAA for affecting nitrate reductase activity and yield attributes of mash [Vigna Mungo (L.)] hepper
Authors: Ghulam Yasin  , Adeela Altaf  , Ikram ul Haq
Published: December 2023

In order to investigate the potential of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) for affecting yield contributing factors and Nitrate Reductase Activity, an experiment was conducted on four Vigna mungo genotypes. The four mash bean genotypes, 80, 88, 97, and ES-1, were examined against Indole Acetic Acid concentrations of 25, 50, 75, 10, 12, and 150.0 mgL-1. Plants were grown in pots which were randomly placed in the Botanical garden of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. Pakistan. Four replicates of each treatment were developed and evaluated. Aforementioned amounts of Indole Acetic Acid were sprayed thrice, with intervals of ten days each. Ist spray was conducted at twenty days after germination. Nitrate Reductase Activity, grains number fruit-1, legumes number plant-1, and plant total yield were the traits chosen for study. After ten days of completion of three sprays of Indole Acetic Acid, Nitrate Reductase Activity (NRA) in the leaves was evaluated, and yield plant-1and its contributing factors were noted when the crop reached at its physiological maturity. Typically, an exponential increase in the number of grains, legume per plant, total yield, and Nitrate Reductase Activity (NRA) was seen as Indole Acetic Acid concentration increased from 75.0 to125.0mgL-1. By using a statistical technique, it was found that the responses of different genotypes to Indole Acetic Acid concentrations varied. MASH 97 was proved to be the most influenced in term of total yield plant-1, the number of grains plants-1 and the Nitrate Reductase Activity (NRA). While, MASH ES-1 performance lagged behind all other genotypes.
Keywords: Indole Acetic Acid; Legumes; Nitrate Reductase; Vigna; Yield; Pods
Access, Utilization, and Quality of Behavioral Health Integration in Medicaid Managed Care
Authors: McConnell K. John , Edelstein Sara , Hall Jennifer , Levy Anna , Danna Maria , Cohen Deborah J. , Unützer Jürgen , Zhu Jane M. , Lindner Stephan
Published: December 2023

Importance

Many states have moved from models that carve out to those that carve in or integrate behavioral health in their Medicaid managed care organizations (MCOs), but little evidence exists about the effect of this change.

Objective

To assess the association of the transition to integrated managed care (IMC) in Washington Medicaid with health services use, quality, health-related outcomes, and measures associated with social determinants of health.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used difference-in-differences analyses of Washington State’s 2014 to 2019 staggered rollout of IMC on claims-based measures for enrollees in Washington’s Medicaid MCO. It was supplemented with interviews of 24 behavioral health agency leaders, managed care administrators, and individuals who were participating in the IMC transition. The data were analyzed between February 1, 2023, and September 30, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Claims-based measures of utilization (including specialty mental health visits and primary care visits); health-related outcomes (including self-harm events); rates of arrests, employment, and homelessness; and additional quality measures.

Results

This cohort study included 1 454 185 individuals ages 13 to 64 years (743 668 female [51.1%]; 14 306 American Indian and Alaska Native [1.0%], 132 804 Asian American and Pacific Islander [9.1%], 112 442 Black [7.7%], 258 389 Hispanic [17.8%], and 810 304 White [55.7%] individuals). Financial integration was not associated with changes in claims-based measures of utilization and quality. Most claims-based measures of outcomes were also unchanged, although enrollees with mild or moderate mental illness experienced a slight decrease in cardiac events (−0.8%; 95% CI, −1.4 to −0.2), while enrollees with serious mental illness experienced small decreases in employment (−1.2%; 95% CI −1.9 to −0.5) and small increases in arrests (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.0). Interviews with key informants suggested that financial integration was perceived as an administrative change and did not have substantial implications for how practices delivered care; behavioral health agencies lacked guidance on how to integrate care in behavioral health settings and struggled with new contracts and regulatory policies that may have inhibited the ability to provide integrated care.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cohort study suggest that financial integration at the MCO level was not associated with significant changes in most measures of utilization, quality, outcomes, and social determinants of health. Additional support, including monitoring, training, and funding, may be necessary to drive delivery system changes to improve access, quality, and outcomes.
Outcomes of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA Therapy Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Varying NAFLD Status
Authors: Bea Sungho , Jeong Han Eol , Filion Kristian B. , Yu Oriana HY , Cho Young Min , Lee Bon Hyang , Chang Yoosoo , Byrne Christopher D. , Shin Ju-Young
Published: December 2023

Importance

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a cardiovascular risk factor, but whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are associated with reduced cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and concomitant NAFLD remains uncertain.

Objective

To investigate the outcomes of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA therapy among patients with T2D varied by the presence or absence of NAFLD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective, population-based, nationwide cohort study used an active-comparator new-user design. Two distinct new-user active-comparator cohorts of patients aged 40 years and older who initiated SGLT-2i or GLP-1RA were propensity score matched to patients who initiated dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i). The study was conducted in South Korea from January 2013 to December 2020, and data analysis was conducted from October 2022 to March 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were (1) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite end point of hospitalization for myocardial infarction, hospitalization for stroke, and cardiovascular death, and (2) hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). The Wald test was applied to assess heterogeneity by NAFLD.

Results

After 1:1 propensity score matching, 140 438 patients were retrieved in the first cohort (SGLT-2i vs DPP-4i; mean [SD] age, 57.5 [10.3] years; 79 633 [56.7%] male) and 34 886 patients were identified in the second cohort (GLP-1RA vs DPP-4i; mean [SD] age, 59.5 [10.5] years; 17 894 [51.3%] male). Compared with DPP-4i, SGLT-2i therapy was associated with a lower risk of MACE (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.71-0.85]) and HHF (HR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.48-0.81]). GLP-1RA therapy was associated with a decreased risk of MACE (HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.39-0.62]) but had statistically nonsignificant findings regarding HHF (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.39-1.07]). Stratified analysis by NAFLD status yielded consistent results for SGLT-2i (MACE with NAFLD: HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.62-0.86]; without NAFLD: HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.72-0.91]; HHF with NAFLD: HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.49-1.17]; without NAFLD: HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.40-0.78]) and for GLP-1RA (MACE with NAFLD: HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.32-0.77]; without NAFLD: HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.37-0.65]; HHF with NAFLD: HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.38-1.76]; without NAFLD: HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.27-1.06]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this population-based cohort study, SGLT-2i therapy was associated with a decreased risk of MACE and HHF, while GLP-1RA therapy was associated with a decreased risk of MACE among patients with T2D, irrespective of baseline NAFLD status.
Rapid Advances in Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: West Howard (Jack) , Kim Jae Y.
Published: December 2023

Importance

A series of high-profile clinical trials for patients with resectable early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have recently changed the standard of care in this setting. Specifically, studies have demonstrated statistically and clinically significant improvements in efficacy with the targeted therapy for adjuvant osimertinib in patients with resected NSCLC harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genomic abnormality (GA), whereas trials with chemotherapy combined with nivolumab in the neoadjuvant setting and others testing atezolizumab or pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy have all demonstrated improvements in event-free survival (EFS) (for neoadjuvant therapy) or disease-free survival (DFS) (for adjuvant therapy). These trials introduce many open questions about how to apply these findings in clinical practice.

Observations

Treatment with adjuvant osimertinib for 3 years was associated with significant improvement in both DFS and overall survival (OS), but the erosion of the DFS benefit after the duration of treatment ends suggests a potential value for more longitudinal treatment. The potential value of highly effective targeted therapies as adjuvant therapy for other GAs has a compelling rationale but no data at this time. Adjuvant atezolizumab or pembrolizumab, generally administered for 1 year after postoperative chemotherapy, are appropriate considerations, but only atezolizumab for patients with tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels of 50% has demonstrated a benefit in OS. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with nivolumab offers a strong EFS benefit, a shorter interval of treatment, and radiographic and pathologic feedback for patients with resectable stage IB to IIIA NSCLC, although very recent randomized clinical trials of perioperative immunotherapy both combined with chemotherapy preoperatively and administered postoperatively highlight the debatable value of adjuvant immunotherapy after prior chemoimmunotherapy. Improved tumor shrinkage rates with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy suggest the possibility that criteria for resectability may potentially be redefined in anticipation of a good response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.

Conclusions and Relevance

Developments in resectable NSCLC have arrived so rapidly that they have also created practical challenges of identifying optimal patients and prioritizing options among these new competing standards. In some cases, practical management requires clinical judgment and discussion with the patient to cover the gaps in prospective data. Caution should be exerted when extrapolating beyond the available data.
Optical Coherence Tomography Feature of Retinoschisis in CRB1-Associated Maculopathy
Authors: Bellingrath Julia-Sophia , Birtel Johannes , Yusuf Imran H. , MacLaren Robert E. , Charbel Issa Peter
Published: December 2023

This case report describes 2 individuals with hyperreflective columns in the outer nuclear layer observed on optical coherence tomography and possible implications for CRB1-associated maculopathy.
Processing of and Attitudes Toward Foreign‐Accented Speech
Authors: Bazzi Luca , Foucart Alice
Published: December 2023

In linguistics, the (foreign) accent has been defined as a set of patterns linked to segmental (phones) and suprasegmental (intonation, melody, rhythm, and tone) pronunciation that differ from standard and non‐standard varieties of a language. Other definitions go further by adding that a speaker's (foreign) accent provides information about their geographical, socio‐economic, and ethnic background. In this entry, we argue that an accent, as other traits of a speaker's identity, such as gender, age, or social status, not only affects language processing but also the evaluation of the speaker. We then explain how social categorization, stereotypes, and linguistic (dis)fluency are factors that influence language attitudes and (neuro)cognitive processes, and consequently modulate native speakers' behavior. Finally, we describe the consequences foreign‐accented speech has on everyday life from the point of view of both foreign and native speakers.
Computer‐Assisted Language Learning as a Pedagogical Framework
Authors: Reinders Hayo , Chong Sin Wang
Published: December 2023

Technology plays a significant role in formal language instruction as well as in informal language learning. This role has increased in recent years, not least as a result of the pandemic, and is likely to continue to grow as new technologies are developed and new uses for them are found. In this overview, we briefly describe the development of the field of computer‐assisted language learning (CALL), before reviewing its contributions to language learning and teaching. we conclude by considering some of the challenges to the successful use of technology as well as future directions and ways in which technology may have a potentially transformative impact on the research field.
Written Corrective Feedback as a Pedagogical Technique
Authors: Lee Icy
Published: December 2023

In the teaching of L2 writing, responding to student writing has often been described as the most time‐consuming enterprise for teachers. In many L2 writing classrooms, much of teacher attention is focused on providing feedback on linguistic errors, which is known as written corrective feedback (WCF) (also referred to as grammar feedback, error feedback, grammar correction, or error correction). WCF is based on an assumption that students cannot improve written accuracy if their writing is not corrected. Truscott (1996), however, argued for the ineffectiveness of WCF and total abandonment of grammar correction, which sparked a heated debate about the role of WCF in L2 writing classrooms. Since then, research on WCF has grown exponentially, and WCF has become one of the most popular research topics within the field of L2 writing. Equally, WCF has drawn the attention of L2 writing teachers who, in one way or another, share concerns about the amount of time they spend on WCF and are eager to find ways to maximize the benefits of WCF for their students. The crucial questions are: In what ways can WCF support L2 learning, and what are the implications for classroom practice? To answer the questions, this entry examines the role of WCF in L2 learning from cognitive and sociocultural perspectives. Drawing on insights from the dual perspectives, it discusses how WCF can be utilized as a pedagogical technique to facilitate L2 learning. The entry concludes with suggestions for future research.
Fast finite‐time adaptive backstepping containment control for high‐order stochastic nonlinear multi‐agent systems
Authors: Song Yuewei , Zhao Lin
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the fast finite‐time backstepping containment control strategy is considered for high‐order stochastic multi‐agent systems. The addition of the finite‐time command filter avoids calculating explosion which occurs in the differential process of virtual control signals for the high‐order system on the traditional backstepping and makes convergence speed of control system faster. The influence of filtering errors generated by filter for control systems is eliminated by establishing error compensation systems. The fuzzy logic systems approximate unknown dynamics of systems. It proves the closed‐loop systems are practically fast finite‐time stable in mean square. The given simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Reference governor for constrained spacecraft orbital transfers
Authors: Semeraro Simone , Kolmanovsky Ilya , Garone Emanuele
Published: December 2023

The paper considers the application of feedback control to orbital transfer maneuvers subject to constraints on the spacecraft thrust and on avoiding the collision with the primary body. Incremental reference governor (IRG) strategies are developed to complement the nominal Lyapunov controller, derived based on Gauss variational equations, and enforce the constraints. Simulation results are reported that demonstrate the successful constrained orbital transfer maneuvers with the proposed approach. A Lyapunov function based IRG and a prediction‐based IRG are compared. While both implementation successfully enforce the constraints, a prediction‐based IRG is shown to result in faster maneuvers.
Effect of Hot Deformation on Microstructure and Porosity of Additively Manufactured 7050 Al Alloy
Authors: Su Heng , Shao Bin , Liu Jiabin , Zong Yingying , Shan Debin
Published: December 2023

Wire arc additive manufacturing technology of 7050 aluminum alloy has a broad application prospect in aerospace field. But the lack of comprehensive properties caused by coarse columnar grains and pores becomes an important bottleneck. In this study, hot compression is conducted to simulate forging process to investigate the microstructure improvement of as‐deposited 7050 Al alloy by plastic deformation. The effect of temperature at 390–540 °C and deformation at 20%–60% on the microstructure and porosity is revealed. In the results, only slip deformation occurs at 420 °C and below. Local dynamic recrystallization occurs at columnar grain boundaries at 450 °C. Complete dynamic recrystallization occurs at 480 °C with the average grain size of about 60 μm. The microstructure overburns at 510 °C and above. The η eutectic phases are broken during deformation. The hot deformation accelerates the dissolution of η eutectic phases and the dissolution temperature of nano‐phases is 30 °C lower than solid solution. As the deformation amount increases from 20% to 60%, the deformation gradually extends from interlayer to inner of columnar grain layers. The spherical pores are first compressed to ellipsoid and then further compressed until completely closed. The pores are basically annihilated completely at 60% deformation with porosity of less than 0.1%.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Fatigue Properties of TA15 Titanium Alloy Repaired by Laser Deposition
Authors: Zhou Song , Wang Shuofan , An Jinlan , Wang Xiangming , Xie Liyang , Xing Bendong , Cui Can
Published: December 2023

Laser‐deposition repair technology is employed to repair damaged TA15 titanium alloy forgings. Heat treatment is used to control the microstructure, strength, and plasticity of these repaired forgings. The fatigue properties and crack initiation and propagation characteristics of the repaired parts are studied. Optical microscopy and electron microscopy are used to analyze the microstructure, fatigue fracture, and longitudinal section near initiation. In the results, it is indicated that the tensile and fatigue properties of repaired parts after 900 °C heat treatment are superior to those treated at other temperatures. This is attributed to the strong tissue sensitivity of the repaired specimens’ performance. With increasing heat‐treatment temperature, the secondary α phase in the dimorphic structure tissue thickens. Additionally, the restoration zone develops in layered α phases and becomes truncated, leading to shortening and thickening. The heat‐affected zone undergoes a transformation from a transitional structure to a basket organization. After heat treatment at 1000 °C, the microstructure becomes relatively slender, cracks propagate readily, and the resistance is weakened.
Dynamic Constitutive Model and Deformation Mechanism of 2219 Aluminum Alloy Based on the Dynamic Interruption Recovery
Authors: Liu Cong , Jin Tao , Qiu Ji , Li Zhiqiang , Shu Xuefeng
Published: December 2023

Dynamic compression and interruption‐recovery experiments are carried out to investigate the dynamic adiabatic and isothermal deformation behavior of the 2219 aluminum alloy at various strain rates (0.001–5000 s−1). The results of the experiments show that adiabatic temperature increase and strain rates have an impact on the compression behavior of 2219 aluminum alloy. The yield strength is strongly associated with strain rates, demonstrating an evident strain rate hardening effect. The increase in adiabatic temperature is the key factor contributing to the decline in adiabatic strain hardening rate. According to microstructural analysis, the adiabatic shear band is first detected with strain rate of 3200 s−1 along the loading direction. At a strain of 30.3%, cracks begin to appear, and shearing fractures occur with a strain rate of 5000 s−1 in the direction of 45°. Finally, the Johnson–Cook constitutive model is modified with the strain rate reinforcement terms corrected and an adiabatic softening term added to reflect the isothermal and adiabatic compression behaviors. The improved model is better at describing the strain rates affect the behavior of isothermal and adiabatic deformation.
Multibit, Lead‐Free Cs2SnI6 Resistive Random Access Memory with Self‐Compliance for Improved Accuracy in Binary Neural Network Application
Authors: Kumar Ajit , Krishnaiah Mokurala , Park Jinwoo , Mishra Dhananjay , Dash Bidyashakti , Jo Hyeon‐Bin , Lee Geun , Youn Sangwook , Kim Hyungjin , Jin Sung Hun
Published: December 2023

In the realm of neuromorphic computing, integrating Binary Neural Networks (BNN) with non‐volatile memory based on emerging materials can be a promising avenue for introducing novel functionalities. This study underscores the viability of lead‐free, air‐stable Cs2SnI6 (CSI) based resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices as synaptic weights in neuromorphic architectures, specifically for BNNs applications. Herein, hydrothermally synthesized CSI perovskites are explored as a resistive layer in RRAM devices either on the rigid or flexible substrate, highlighting reproducible multibit switching with self‐compliance, low‐ resistance‐state (LRS) variations, a decent On/Off ratio(or retention) of ≈103(or 104 s), and endurance exceeding 300 cycles. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation with the 32 × 32 × 3 RGB CIFAR‐10 dataset reveals that binary convolutional neural networks (BCNN) trained solely on binary weight values can achieve competitive rates of accuracy comparable to those of their analog weight counterparts. These findings highlight the dominance of the LRS for CSI RRAM with self‐compliance in a weighted configuration and minimal influence of the high resistance state despite substantial fluctuations for flexible CSI RRAM under varying bending radii. With its unique electrical switching capabilities, the CSI RRAM is highly anticipated to emerge as a promising candidate for embedded AI systems, especially in IoT devices and wearables.
Biomimetic Silk Fibroin Hydrogel for Enhanced Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Synergistic Effects of Graphene Oxide and Fibroblast Exosome
Authors: Gao Yisheng , Dai Chaolun , Zhang Miao , Zhang Jianye , Yin Long , Li Wanhua , Zhang Kunyu , Yang Yumin , Zhao Yahong
Published: December 2023

Peripheral nerve injury represents a critical clinical challenge. Employing tissue engineering, biomimetic scaffolds mimicking the biophysical and biochemical cues of the native extracellular matrix have shown promise. Specifically, conductive matrices, mirroring neural tissue's electrical properties, hold potential for neural tissue repair. However, the synergistic impact of conductivity and biomolecules on injured peripheral nerves remains unexplored. In this study, conductive hydrogels via a three‐step click chemical reaction method, incorporating silk fibroin, graphene oxide, and Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate is crafted. The inclusion of fibroblast exosomes yielded a synergistic effect, enhancing recovery from peripheral nerve injuries. Graphene oxide heightened the electron transmission capacity of the hydrogels, while fibroblast exosomes endowed them with the ability to modulate cellular behaviors. This resulted in enhanced axon and myelin regeneration. Furthermore, the hydrogel facilitated vascular regeneration during peripheral nerve recovery through the VEGF/NOTCH signaling pathway. Transplanting conductive hydrogel conduits laden with fibroblast exosomes led to substantial functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Consequently, a novel strategy to expedite the intricate repair of peripheral nerve injuries is proposed.
Revamping Triboelectric Output by Deep Trap Construction
Authors: Wang Nannan , Liu Yizhe , Feng Yange , Yang Jing , Wu Yaze , Zhang Boya , Li Yixuan , Li Bofan , Wang Sheng , Ye Enyi , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Loh Xian Jun , Zhou Feng , Li Zibiao , Wang Daoai
Published: December 2023

High output performance is critical for building triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for future multifunctional applications. Unfortunately, the high triboelectric charge dissipation rate has a significant negative impact on its electrical output performance. Herein, a new tribolayer is designed through introducing self‐assembled molecules with large energy gaps on commercial PET fibric to form carrier deep traps, which improve charge retention while decreasing dissipation rates. The deep trap density of the PET increases by two orders of magnitude, resulting in an 86% reduction in the rate of charge dissipation and a significant increase in the charge density that can be accumulated on tribolayer during physical contact. The key explanation is that increasing the density of deep traps improves the dielectric's ability to store charges, making it more difficult for the triboelectric charges trapped by the tribolayer to escape from the deep traps, lowering the rate of charge dissipation. This TENG has a 1300% increase in output power density as a result of altering the deep trap density, demonstrating a significant improvement. This work describes a simple yet efficient method for building TENGs with ultra‐high electrical output and promotes their practical implementation in the sphere of the Internet of Things.
Passivating Dipole Layer Bridged 3D/2D Perovskite Heterojunction for Highly Efficient and Stable p‐i‐n Solar Cells
Authors: Zang Xiaoxiao , Xiong Shaobing , Jiang Sheng , Li Di , Wu Hongbo , Ren Hao , Cao Aiping , Li Bo , Ma Zaifei , Chen Jinde , Ding Liming , Tang Jianxin , Sun Zhenrong , Chu Junhao , Bao Qinye
Published: December 2023

Constructing 3D/2D perovskite heterojunction is a promising approach to integrate the benefits of high efficiency and superior stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, in contrast to n‐i‐p architectural PSCs, the p‐i‐n PSCs with 3D/2D heterojunction have serious limitations in achieving high‐performance as they suffer from a large energetic mismatch and electron extraction energy barrier from a 3D perovskite layer to a 2D perovskite layer, and serious nonradiative recombination at the heterojunction. Here a strategy of incorporating a thin passivating dipole layer (PDL) onto 3D perovskite and then depositing 2D perovskite without dissolving the underlying layer to form an efficient 3D/PDL/2D heterojunction is developed. It is revealed that PDL regulates the energy level alignment with the appearance of interfacial dipole and strongly interacts with 3D perovskite through covalent bonds, which eliminate the energetic mismatch, reduce the surface defects, suppress the nonradiative recombination, and thus accelerate the charge extraction at such electron‐selective contact. As a result, it is reported that the 3D/PDL/2D junction p‐i‐n PSCs present a power conversion efficiency of 24.85% with robust stability, which is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art efficiency of the 3D/2D junction n‐i‐p devices.
Electron Localization‐Triggered Proton Pumping Toward Cu Single Atoms for Electrochemical CO2 Methanation of Unprecedented Selectivity
Authors: Guo Zhenyan , Zhou Peng , Jiang Liqun , Liu Shengqi , Yang Ying , Li Zhengyi , Wu Peidong , Zhang Zehui , Li Hu
Published: December 2023

Slow multi‐proton coupled electron transfer kinetics and unexpected desorption of intermediates severely hinder the selectivity of CO2 methanation. In this work, a one‐stone‐two‐bird strategy of pumping protons and improving adsorption configuration/capability enabled by electron localization is developed to be highly efficient for CH4 electrosynthesis over Cu single atoms anchored on bismuth vacancies of BiVO4 (Bi1‐xVO4─Cu), with superior kinetic isotope effect and high CH4 Faraday efficiency (92%), far outperforming state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for CO2 methanation. Control experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the bismuth vacancies (VBi) not only act as active sites for H2O dissociation but also induce electron transfer toward Cu single‐atom sites. The VBi‐induced electron localization pumps *H from VBi sites to Cu single atoms, significantly promoting the generation and stabilization of the pivotal intermediate (*CHO) for highly selective CH4 electrosynthesis. The metal vacancies as new initiators show enormous potential in the proton transfer‐involved hydrogenative conversion processes.
Tin (II) Chloride Salt Melts as Non‐Innocent Solvents for the Synthesis of Low‐Temperature Nanoporous Oxo‐Carbons for Nitrate Electrochemical Hydrogenation
Authors: Zheng Xinyue , Tian Zhihong , Bouchal Roza , Antonietti Markus , López‐Salas Nieves , Odziomek Mateusz
Published: December 2023

Carbonaceous electrocatalysts offer advantages over metal‐based counterparts, being cost‐effective, sustainable, and electrochemically stable. Their high surface area increases reaction kinetics, making them valuable for environmental applications involving contaminant removal. However, their rational synthesis is challenging due to the applied high temperatures and activation steps, leading to disordered materials with limited control over doping. Here, a new synthetic pathway using carbon oxide precursors and tin chloride as a p‐block metal salt melt is presented. As a result, highly porous oxygen‐rich carbon sheets (with a surface area of 1600 m2 g−1) are obtained at relatively low temperatures (400 °C). Mechanistic studies reveal that Sn(II) triggers reductive deoxygenation and concomitant condensation/cross‐linking, facilitated by the Sn(II) → Sn(IV) transition. Due to their significant surface area and oxygen doping, these materials demonstrate exceptional electrocatalytic activity in the nitrate‐to‐ammonia conversion, with an ammonia yield rate of 221 mmol g−1 h−1 and a Faradic efficiency of 93%. These results surpass those of other carbon‐based electrocatalysts. In situ Raman studies reveal that the reaction occurs through electrochemical hydrogenation, where active hydrogen is provided by water reduction. This work contributes to the development of carbonaceous electrocatalysts with enhanced performance for sustainable environmental applications.
Ionic Polyimine‐Based Composite Membrane with Inductive and Complexation Synergistic Effects for Sensitive and On‐Site Fluorescent Detection of Volatile Iodine
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Hao , Zhu Qiu‐Hong , Guo Shi‐Jie , Zhang Lei , Yu Chao , Qin Song , He Ling , Tao Guo‐Hong
Published: December 2023

Along with the development of nuclear power, concerns about radioactive emissions and the potential for nuclear leakage have been widely raised, particularly of harmful iodine isotopes. However, as a significant component of nuclear air waste, the enrichment and detection of air‐dispersed gaseous iodine remain a challenge. In this work, it is focused on developing an attraction‐immobilization‐detection strategy‐based fluorescence method for the on‐site detection of volatile iodine, by employing a photoluminescent ionic polyimine network‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (IPIN‐PVP) composite membrane. This strategy synergizes ion‐induced dipole interactions from IPIN and complexation effects from PVP, allowing effective iodine enrichment and immobilization. As a result, the optimized IPIN‐PVP membrane exhibits rapid response times of 5 s and a low detection limit of 4.087 × 10−8 m for gaseous iodine. It also introduces a portable handheld detection device that utilizes the composite membrane, offering a practical solution for real‐time on‐site detection of volatile iodine. This innovation enhances nuclear safety measures and disaster management by providing rapid and reliable iodine detection capabilities.
Integration of Flexible Touch Panels and Machine Learning: Applications and Techniques
Authors: Zheng Jiayue , Chen Yongyang , Wu Zhiyi , Wang Yuanyu , Wang Linlin
Published: December 2023

The rapid advancement of mobile devices and human–machine interaction technologies has ushered in a new era for flexible touch panels as a novel input interface. This article reviews the historical evolution and technical progress of flexible touch panel technologies, from rudimentary single‐point touch to sophisticated grid‐free touch systems. Additionally, the working principles and mechanisms that underpin these advanced systems, including capacitive, resistive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric nanogenerator technologies, are explored. Following this, the integration of machine learning methods into these panels is discussed, offering new avenues for enhancing user experience and expanding functional capabilities. Various machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines, artificial neural networks, convolutional neural networks, and k‐nearest neighbors are examined for their potential applications in touch panel technologies. Finally, the challenges and prospects for the application of flexible touch panels fused with machine learning are discussed.
Efficient Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide by Cyano‐Containing Covalent Organic Frameworks from Water, Air and Sunlight
Authors: Hou Yanghui , Zhou Peng , Liu Fuyang , Lu Yanyu , Tan Hao , Li Zhengmao , Tong Meiping , Ni Jinren
Published: December 2023

The insufficient exciton (e−‐h+ pair) separation/transfer and sluggish two‐electron water oxidation are two main factors limiting the H2O2 photosynthetic efficiency of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) photocatalysts. Herein, we present an alternative strategy to simultaneously facilitate exciton separation/transfer and reduce the energy barrier of two‐electron water oxidation in COFs via a dicyano functionalization. The in situ characterization and theoretical calculations reveal that the dicyano functionalization improves the amount of charge transfer channels between donor and acceptor units from two in COF‐0CN without cyano functionalization to three in COF‐1CN with mono‐cyano functionalization and four in COF‐2CN with dicyano functionalization, leading to the highest separation/transfer efficiency in COF‐2CN. More importantly, the dicyano group activates the neighbouring C atom to produce the key *OH intermediate for effectively reducing the energy barrier of rate‐determining two‐electron water oxidation in H2O2 photosynthesis. The simultaneously enhanced exciton separation/transfer and two‐electron water oxidation in COF‐2CN result in high H2O2 yield (1601 μmol g−1 h−1) from water and oxygen without using sacrificial reagent under visible‐light irradiation. COF‐2CN can effectively yield H2O2 in water with wide pH range, in different real water samples, in scaled‐up reactor under natural sunlight irradiation, and in continuous‐flow reactor for consecutively producing H2O2 solution for water decontamination.
Medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol in human breast milk and association with maternal dietary patterns
Authors: Gong Jingru , Wang Lei , Wang Xingguo , Wei Wei
Published: December 2023

This study aims to investigate the influences of maternal dietary patterns on the triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, particular medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) in human breast milk. A total of 180 Chinese human breast milk samples were collected and divided into three dietary patterns groups accounting to semi‐quantitative food intake frequency questionnaire and a 24‐h dietary recall. The 180 samples were from 121 mothers in Nanjing, all of whom were mature milk (1 month postpartum and 3 months postpartum). Using high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, 108 TAGs were identified and quantified. In breast milk samples, MLCTs accounted for 25.76% (median of 24.63%; 95% CI: 24.60, 26.92) of the total TAGs. In human breast milk, the main type of MLCT is the triacylglycerol with one medium‐chain fatty acid and two long‐chain fatty acids (MLL type) which accounted for ~81% of total MLCTs. Among the molecular species of MLCT, O‐P‐La and O‐L‐La are the two most abundant configurations in MLCT (2.28% and 2.17% of total TAGs, respectively). MLCT in breast milk was positively correlated with the energy supply ratio of carbohydrates (p = 0.205), which was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (p = −0.150 and −0.232).
Treatment mechanism of the WHO caregiver skills training intervention for autism delivered in community settings
Authors: Settanni Michele , Suma Katharine , Adamson Lauren B. , McConachie Helen , Servili Chiara , Salomone Erica
Published: December 2023

This study examined the mechanism of effect of the WHO Caregiver Skills Training (CST) through secondary analysis of a pilot RCT conducted in community settings. Participants were 86 caregivers (77% mothers) of children with ASD (78% male, mean age: 44.8 months) randomized to CST (n = 43) or treatment as usual (n = 43). The primary outcomes, measured at baseline (t1), immediately post‐intervention (t2), and 3 months post‐intervention (t3), were derived from the coding of caregiver‐child free play interactions with the Brief Observation of Social‐Communication Change (BOSCC) and the Joint Engagement Rating Inventory scale (JERI). At t3 positive treatment main effects had been observed for caregiver skills supportive of the interaction and for flow of the interaction (JERI), albeit only non‐significant changes in the expected direction for child outcomes: autism phenotypic behaviors (BOSCC), joint engagement and availability to interact (JERI). This study tested the theory of change of CST, hypothesizing that the intervention would lead to an improvement on all child and dyad outcomes through an increase in the caregiver skills supportive of the interaction. Serial mediation analyses revealed that the effect of the intervention was significantly influenced by change in caregiver skills. Participation in the intervention led to notable increases in caregiver skills at t2 and t3, which subsequently contributed to improvements at t3 in flow of the interaction, autism phenotypic behavior, joint engagement, and availability to interact. We confirmed our a priori hypothesis showing that change in caregiver skills significantly mediated the effect of treatment on the dyad primary outcome, as well as on the other child outcomes that had shown non‐significant changes in the expected direction. Implications for intervention design and policy making in the context of public health services are discussed.
On the Influence of Li3InCl6−PEDOT:PSS Hybrids in Solid‐State Batteries Prepared via an Aqueous One‐Pot Approach
Authors: Nazmutdinova Elina , Rosenbach Carolin , Schmidt Christina , Sarawutankul Sangchai , Neuhaus Kerstin , Gröschel André , Vargas‐Barbosa Nella M.
Published: December 2023

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) utilizing halide solid electrolytes (SE) have garnered attention due to their enhanced stability when paired with oxide‐based cathode active materials. However, the dynamic interparticle contact during cycling in SSBs poses challenges to their stability and performance. To mitigate this problem, in this study, we present a one‐pot, aqueous synthesis of composites that integrate ion conductivity, electron conductivity, and mechanical stability into a single material. The developed composites consist of a halide SE, lithium indium chloride (Li3InCl6), and a conductive polymer (CP), poly(3,4‐ethylendioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The successful synthesis was verified using spectroscopic, thermal, scattering, and microscopy methods, with Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) demonstrating the distribution of PEDOT:PSS at the grain boundaries between Li3InCl6 particles. Upon incorporating our composite material with lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode active material (CAM) as catholyte, an increase in the partial electronic transport was observed with increasing CP content. A direct correlation between the partial electronic transport of the catholytes and the initial discharge capacities was demonstrated. This study lays the groundwork for the preparation of multi‐functional catholytes under more sustainable conditions, without the need for organic solvents, extremely high temperatures, or special environments.
Exploring sustainable development goals adoption in supply chain management: A typology of coexisting institutional logics
Authors: Carmagnac Liliane , Silva Minelle E. , Fritz Morgane M. C.
Published: December 2023

Despite growing interest in the 17 United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs), companies still struggle with how to implement them as part of their sustainability policies. Hence, we explore how the SDGs are adopted in supply chain management (SCM) using institutional logic as a theoretical lens. Based on a case study, we analyse 10 interviews conducted with managers and suppliers of a multinational cosmetics company recognised for its sustainability engagement. Our findings show that while the strategic level embraces the SDG framework, supply management processes are exclusively evident at the operational level. This becomes even more salient in the analysis of sustainability and commercial coexisting logics. Although sustainability logic concerns compliance with sustainability‐related regulations and external pressures, commercial logic demonstrates the effective engagement of strategic decisions in favor of profitability. Our results reveal nuances in the existing gap between the SDGs and SCM, illustrated through a typology of coexisting logics at the strategic and operational levels, adding value to the SCM literature. This paper questions the feasibility of implementing the UN SDGs along a supply chain, which opens the door for future research and new practical insights relevant to companies' daily operations.
Differential sensitivity to hypoxia enables shape‐based classification of sickle cell disease and trait blood samples at point of care
Authors: D'Costa Claudy , Sharma Oshin , Manna Riddha , Singh Minakshi , Singh Samrat , Singh Srushti , Mahto Anish , Govil Pratiksha , Satti Sampath , Mehendale Ninad , Italia Yazdi , Paul Debjani
Published: December 2023

Red blood cells (RBCs) become sickle‐shaped and stiff under hypoxia as a consequence of hemoglobin (Hb) polymerization in sickle cell anemia. Distinguishing between sickle cell disease and trait is crucial during the diagnosis of sickle cell disease. While genetic analysis or high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can accurately differentiate between these two genotypes, these tests are unsuitable for field use. Here, we report a novel microscopy‐based diagnostic test called ShapeDx™ to distinguish between disease and trait blood in less than 1 h. This is achieved by mixing an unknown blood sample with low and high concentrations of a chemical oxygen scavenger and thereby subjecting the blood to slow and fast hypoxia, respectively. The different rates of Hb polymerization resulting from slow and fast hypoxia lead to two distinct RBC shape distributions in the same blood sample, which allows us to identify it as healthy, trait, or disease. The controlled hypoxic environment necessary for differential Hb polymerization is generated using an imaging microchamber, which also reduces the sickling time of trait blood from several hours to just 30 min. In a single‐blinded proof‐of‐concept study conducted on a small cohort of clinical samples, the results of the ShapeDx™ test were 100% concordant with HPLC results. Additionally, our field studies have demonstrated that ShapeDx™ is the first reported microscopy test capable of distinguishing between sickle cell disease and trait samples in resource‐limited settings with the same accuracy as a gold standard test.