bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOSIALISASI DAN INSTALASI ALAT UNTUK MENGKONVERSI LIMBAH TANAMAN MENJADI BIOGAS SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR KOMPOR GAS DENGAN CARA SEDERHANA
Authors: Sitaresmi Ratnayu , Fathaddin M. Taufiq , Widiatni Harin , Ridaliani Onnie , Mega Lia
Published: March 2021

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat untuk tahap ketiga ini merupakan sosialisasi pemasangan alat untuk pembuatan biogas dari tanaman untuk menghidupkan kompor. Sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, khususnya kepada para ibu penggerak kader pedesaan dan anggota Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK), karena daerah tersebut tergolong kurang mendapat informasi tentang pemanfaatan limbah tanaman untuk menjadi biogas. Tujuan dari sosialisasi ini adalah agar masyarakat setempat dapat memanfaatkan limbah tanaman dalam pembuatan biogas, karena minyak maupun gas yang dibeli dari Pertamina dengan harga yang semakin mahal, membuat masyarakat di daerah tersebut berkeinginan mengetahui cara mengupayakan energi alternatif yang berasal dari limbah tanaman. Peserta sosialisasi sangat antusias untuk membuktikan bahwa alat biogas yang telah disosialisasikan selama ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membuat gas metana (CH4) dari limbah tanaman. Pembusukan limbah tanaman dapat menghasilkan gas metana (CH4) yang dapat digunakan untuk menghidupkan kompor gas untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga, sehingga diharapkan dapat berfungsi maksimal menggantikan bahan bakar kompor gas yang digunakan selama ini, baik dengan bahan bakar minyak maupun gas yang berasal dari energi  fosil.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PLASTIK MENJADI PRODUK DESAIN ORNAMEN KREATIF
Authors: Dewanto Soeriaatmadja Rully Ario , Ariani Ariani , Nugrahadi Gihon , Novia Rizali Awang Eka
Published: March 2021

Jakarta merupakan kota yang memproduksi sekitar 7.000 ton/hari. Dari jumlah tersebut, sekitar 1.900 hingga 2.000 ton merupakan limbah atau sampah plastik*. Sampah menjadi salah satu permasalahan utama di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, khususnya untuk Wilayah Jakarta Barat, yang merupakan urutan pertama daerah dengan produksi sampah terbanyak, hingga mencapai 1.503,9 ton/hari. Urutan berikutnya adalah Wilayah Jakarta Timur, dengan jumlah produksi sampah setiap harinya mencapai 1.487 ton*. Bentuk sampah plastik yang dihasilkan sebagian besar dalam bentuk kemasan atau kantong belanja. Limbah plastik merupakan jenis sampah yang sangat sulit didaur ulang, yaitu dalam proses penguraiannya hingga hancur. Kelurahan Duri Kosambi, Kecamatan Cengkareng digunakan sebagai lokasi kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dalam bentuk pelatihan dan penyuluhan. Kantor Kelurahan sebagai pusat kegiatan masyarakat, dapat dijadikan sarana atau fasilitas pengembangan kreativitas sumber daya manusia. Kegiatan pelatihan dan penyuluhan yang dilakukan, sesuai dengan tema program kerja dari SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), melalui bentuk kegiatan penciptaan karya produk kreatif dari limbah plastik dalam menanggulangi pengurangan sampah plastik. Dengan demikian, produk desain yang dihasilkan berupa ornamen kreatif yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai unsur dekoratif. Pengembangan rancangan ke depan, dari kegiatan pelatihan yang telah dievaluasi, dapat menciptakan kreativitas produk baru pada modul, warna dan bentuk yang berkelanjutan atau yang lebih sering dikatakan sebagai desain berkelanjutan.
Influence of five model parameters on the performance of a CO2absorber column by a loaded aqueous MEA solution
Authors: Hammouche Ibtissam , Selatnia Ammar , Yassa Sonia
Published: March 2021

Rigorous packed-bed absorber modeling and simulation are significant for post-combustion CO2capture processes design. Hence, a good knowledge and judicious selection of model parameters are essential to ensure reliable predictions. In this paper, the reactive absorption of CO2into loaded aqueous monoethanolamine solution was modeled, furthermore, the effects of five different parameters (kinetic model, enhancement factor, enthalpy of absorption, CO2diffusivity, and vapor pressure) were investigated. Finally, this study revealed that some model parameters have a large influence on the column performance, contrary to others. In addition, methods and correlations that generally provide more accurate predictions of the empirical data relative to the other cases involved in this research were determined for each model parameter. It was also found that the model deviation was reduced by 18% and 4% for the liquid temperature and liquids CO2loading profiles, respectively, while comparing between the worst and the best case.
Rhotic Variation in Costa Rican Spanish
Authors: Dearstyne Matt
Published: March 2021

The class of sounds classified under the umbrella term “rhotic” demonstrate considerable variability across, languages, dialects, and speech styles. This is no exception in Spanish, where rhotics have received considerable attention. Among dialects of Spanish, the pronunciation of rhotics in Costa Rican Spanish is a highly salient feature of this variety, where the standard trill /r/ and tap /ɾ/ are often assibilated or realized as fricatives. A number of studies have examined Costa Rican rhotics from both phonological and phonetic perspectives, yet the results of these studies have been inconclusive. Notably absent from these studies are acoustic analyses of rhotic production, instead relying on impressionistic transcriptions which risk glossing over phonetic detail. This pilot study revisits the question of rhotic variation in Costa Rican Spanish by analyzing five sociolinguistic interviews with native speakers of Costa Rican Spanish. Using acoustic analyses of rhotic tokens, I propose a rhotic inventory for this variety which includes approximant and fricative variants in addition to the standard tap and trill. Additionally, I propose a potential explanation for the distribution of rhotic variants through an Articulatory Phonology framework, suggesting that rhotic variation can be explained as a result of gestural weakening and co-articulation. The study presents preliminary conclusions regarding socioeconomic factors, suggesting areas for future research, including the effect of age and gender on rhotic variation. Overall this work contributes to the understanding of the Costa Rican variety of Spanish, considering both linguistic and extralinguistic factors as potential predictors of variation.
A Robust Method to Predict Fluid Properties Based on Big Data and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Liu Yingxian , Chen Cunliang , Zhao Hanqing , Wang Yu , Han Xiaodong
Published: March 2021

Fluid properties are key factors for predicting single well productivity, well test interpretation and oilfield recovery prediction, which directly affect the success of ODP program design. The most accurate and direct method of acquisition is underground sampling. However, not every well has samples due to technical reasons such as excessive well deviation or high cost during the exploration stage. Therefore, analogies or empirical formulas have to be adopted to carry out research in many cases. But a large number of oilfield developments have shown that the errors caused by these methods are very large. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately obtain fluid physical properties is of great significance.

In recent years, with the development and improvement of artificial intelligence or machine learning algorithms, their applications in the oilfield have become more and more extensive. This paper proposed a method for predicting crude oil physical properties based on machine learning algorithms. This method uses PVT data from nearly 100 wells in Bohai Oilfield. 75% of the data is used for training and learning to obtain the prediction model, and the remaining 25% is used for testing. Practice shows that the prediction results of the machine learning algorithm are very close to the actual data, with a very small error. Finally, this method was used to apply the preliminary plan design of the BZ29 oilfield which is a new oilfield. Especially for the unsampled sand bodies, the fluid physical properties prediction was carried out. It also compares the influence of the analogy method on the scheme, which provides potential and risk analysis for scheme design. This method will be applied in more oil fields in the Bohai Sea in the future and has important promotion value.
Periodic discharges with high frequency oscillations recorded from a cerebellar gangliocytoma in an epileptic infant
Authors: Mukae Nobutaka , Morioka Takato , Torio Michiko , Sakai Yasunari , Shimogawa Takafumi , Sakata Ayumi , Suzuki Satoshi O. , Mizoguchi Masahiro
Published: March 2021

Background:

Subcortical epilepsies associated with developmental tumors in the cerebellum are rarely experienced. As supportive evidence of the intrinsic epileptogenicity of cerebellar tumors, previous electroencephalogram (EEG) studies with intratumoral depth electrodes demonstrated epileptiform or ictal discharges. Recent studies have demonstrated that high frequency oscillations (HFOs) can be regarded as a new biomarker of epileptogenesis and ictogenesis; however, there are few evidence about HFOs in cases of epilepsy associated with cerebellar tumors.

Case Description:

A 6-month-old Japanese male infant presented to our hospital with drug resistant epilepsy. We underwent subtotal resection of a cerebellar gangliocytoma and obtained good seizure outcomes. Intraoperative EEG in the tumor depicted HFOs in the form of ripples, riding on periodic discharges.

Conclusion:

Our findings provide further supportive evidence for the intrinsic epileptogenicity of cerebellar tumors.
Fusion for subaxial bow hunter’s syndrome results in remote osseous remodeling of the hyperostotic growth responsible for vertebral artery compression
Authors: Ikeda Daniel Satoshi , Miller Charles A. , Ravindra Vijay M.
Published: March 2021

Background:

The authors present a previously unreported case of a patient with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) who developed bow hunter’s syndrome (BHS) or positional vertebrobasilar insufficiency. In addition, the authors demonstrate angiographic evidence of remote osseous remodeling after segmental fusion without direct decompression of the offending bony growth. BHS is a rare, yet well established, cause of posterior circulation ischemia and ischemic stroke. Several etiologies such as segmental instability and spondylosis have been described as causes, however, DISH has not been associated with BHS before this publication.

Case Description:

A 77-year-old man who presented with BHS was found to have cervical spine changes consistent with DISH, and angiography confirmed right vertebral artery (VA) stenosis at C4–5 from a large pathological elongation of the right C5 lateral mass. Head rotation resulted in occlusion of the VA. The patient underwent an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and reported complete resolution of his symptoms. A delayed angiogram and CT of the cervical spine demonstrated complete resolution of the baseline stenosis, no dynamic compression, and remote osseous remodeling of the growth, respectively.

Conclusion:

This case represents the first publication in the literature of DISH as a causative etiology of BHS and of angiographic data demonstrating resolution of a compressive osseous pathology without direct decompression in BHS.
Covid-19 Pandemi Döneminde Öğretim Üyesi Olmak
Authors: ŞAHİN Hatice
Published: March 2021

Covid-19 pandemisinin derinden etkilediği bir kitle de öğretim üyeleridir. Bu yazıda öğretim üyelerinin pandemi sürecindeki deneyimleri ele alınacaktır. % 64’ünün pandemi öncesi online öğretim konusunda deneyimleri olmayan öğretim üyeleri bu süreçte belirsizlik anksiyetesi yaşamış, yeni kavramlarla karşılaşmış, çalışma hayatlarında ve öğretim faaliyetleri ve öğrenciler ile temasta değişimler yaşamış ve bilişim teknolojileri ile tanışmıştır. Öğretim üyelerinin pandemi gibi olağan dışı durumlardaki gereksinimleri saptanmalı ve kurumsal destek mekanizmaları oluşturulmalıdır. Böylece akademik potansiyellerini kullanabilirler ve gelecek nesillerin yetişmesinde emek verebilirler.
Generation and degree of entanglement in a relativistic formulation
Authors: Pachos J. , Solano E.
Published: March 2021

The generation of entangled states and their degree of entanglement are studied in a relativistic formulation for the case of two interacting spin-1/2 charged particles. In the realm of quantum electrodynamics, we revisit the interaction that produces entanglement between the spin components of covariant Dirac spinors describing the two particles. In this way, we derive the relativistic version of the spin-spin interaction, widely used in the nonrelativistic regime. Following this consistent approach, the relativistic invariance of the generated entanglement is discussed.
L-S decomposition for 2x2 density matrix by using Wootters's basis
Authors: Akhtarshenas S.J. , Jafarizadeh M.A.
Published: March 2021

An analytical expression for optimal Lewenstein-Sanpera (L-S) decomposition of a generic two qubit density matrix is given. By evaluating the L-S decomposition of Bell decomposable states, the optimal decomposition for arbitrary full rank state of two qubit system is obtained via local quantum operations and classical communications (LQCC). In Bell decomposable case the separable state optimizing L-S decomposition, minimize the von Neumann relative entropy as a measure of entanglement. The L-S decomposition for a generic two-qubit density matrix is only obtained by using Wootters's basis. It is shown that the average concurrence of the decomposition is equal to the concurrence of the state. It is also shown that all the entanglement content of the state is concentrated in the Wootters's state |x_1> associated with the largest eigenvalue \lambda_1 of the Hermitian matrix \sqrt{\sqrt{rho}\tilde{rho}\sqrt{rho}} . It is shown that a given density matrix rho with corresponding set of positive numbers \lambda_i and Wootters's basis can transforms under SO(4,c) into a generic 2x2 matrix with the same set of positive numbers but with new Wootters's basis, where the local unitary transformations correspond to SO(4,r) transformations, hence, \rho can be represented as coset space SO(4,c)/SO(4,r) together with positive numbers lambda_i.
Information theoretic aspects in ponderomotive systems
Authors: Giannini S. , Mancini S. , Tombesi P.
Published: March 2021

We show the possibility to entangle radiation modes through a simple reflection on a moving mirror. The model of an optical cavity having a movable end mirror, and supporting different modes is employed. The mechanical motion of the mirror mediates information between the modes leading to an effective mode-mode interaction. We characterize the modes' entanglement on the basis of recent separability criteria. The effect of the thermal noise associate to the mirror's motion is accounted for. Then, we evaluate the performances of such ponderomotive entanglement in possible applications like teleportation and telecloning.
Shor's discrete logarithm quantum algorithm for elliptic curves
Authors: Proos J. , Zalka Ch.
Published: March 2021

We show in some detail how to implement Shor's efficient quantum algorithm for discrete logarithms for the particular case of elliptic curve groups. It turns out that for this problem a smaller quantum computer can solve problems further beyond current computing than for integer factorisation. A 160 bit elliptic curve cryptographic key could be broken on a quantum computer using around 1000 qubits while factoring the security-wise equivalent 1024 bit RSA modulus would require about 2000 qubits. In this paper we only consider elliptic curves over GF(p) and not yet the equally important ones over GF(2^n) or other finite fields. The main technical difficulty is to implement Euclid's gcd algorithm to compute multiplicative inverses modulo p. As the runtime of Euclid's algorithm depends on the input, one difficulty encountered is the ``quantum halting problem''.
Universal compression of ergodic quantum sources
Authors: Kaltchenko A. , Yang E-H
Published: March 2021

For a real number r>0, let F(r) be the family of all stationary ergodic quantum sources with von Neumann entropy rates less than r. We prove that, for any r>0, there exists a blind, source-independent block compression scheme which compresses every source from F(r) to rn qubits per input block length~n with arbitrarily high fidelity for all large n.}As our second result, we show that the stationarity and the ergodicity of a quantum source \rho_m_{m=1}^{\infty} are preserved by any trace-preserving completely positive linear map of the tensor product form {\cal E}^{\otimes m}, where a copy of {\cal E} acts locally on each spin lattice site. We also establish ergodicity criteria for so called classically-correlated quantum sources.
Entanglement cost of generalised measurements
Authors: Jozsa R. , Koashi M. , Linden N. , Popescu S. , Presnell S. , Shepherd D. , Winter A.
Published: March 2021

Bipartite entanglement is one of the fundamental quantifiable resources of quantum information theory. We propose a new application of this resource to the theory of quantum measurements. According to Naimark's theorem any rank 1 generalised measurement (POVM) M may be represented as a von Neumann measurement in an extended (tensor product) space of the system plus ancilla. By considering a suitable average of the entanglements of these measurement directions and minimising over all Naimark extensions, we define a notion of entanglement cost E_{\min}(M) of M. We give a constructive means of characterising all Naimark extensions of a given POVM. We identify various classes of POVMs with zero and non-zero cost and explicitly characterise all POVMs in 2 dimensions having zero cost. We prove a constant upper bound on the entanglement cost of any POVM in any dimension. Hence the asymptotic entanglement cost (i.e. the large n limit of the cost of n applications of M, divided by n) is zero for all POVMs. The trine measurement is defined by three rank 1 elements, with directions symmetrically placed around a great circle on the Bloch sphere. We give an analytic expression for its entanglement cost. Defining a normalised cost of any $d$-dimensional POVM by E_{\min} (M)/\log_2 d, we show (using a combination of analytic and numerical techniques) that the trine measurement is more costly than any other POVM with d>2, or with d=2 and ancilla dimension 2. This strongly suggests that the trine measurement is the most costly of all POVMs.
Security bounds in quantum cryptography using d-level systems
Authors: Acin A. , Gisin N. , Scarani V.
Published: March 2021

We analyze the security of quantum cryptography schemes for d-level systems using 2 or d+1 maximally conjugated bases, under individual eavesdropping attacks based on cloning machines and measurement after the basis reconciliation. We consider classical advantage distillation protocols, that allow to extract a key even in situations where the mutual information between the honest parties is smaller than the eavesdropper's information. In this scenario, advantage distillation protocols are shown to be as powerful as quantum distillation: key distillation is possible using classical techniques if and only if the corresponding state in the entanglement based protocol is distillable.
Virtual entanglement and reconciliation protocols for quantum cryptography with continuous variables
Authors: Grosshans F. , Cerf N.J. , Wenger J. , Tualle-Brouri R. , Grangier Ph.
Published: March 2021

We discuss quantum key distribution protocols using quantum continuous variables. We show that such protocols can be made secure against individual gaussian attacks regardless the transmission of the optical line between Alice and Bob. %while other ones require that the line transmission is larger than 50%. This is achieved by reversing the reconciliation procedure subsequent to the quantum transmission, that is, using Bob's instead of Alice's data to build the key. Although squeezing or entanglement may be helpful to improve the resistance to noise, they are not required for the protocols to remain secure with high losses. Therefore, these protocols can be implemented very simply by transmitting coherent states and performing homodyne detection. Here, we show that entanglement nevertheless plays a crucial role in the security analysis of coherent state protocols. Every cryptographic protocol based on displaced gaussian states turns out to be equivalent to an entanglement-based protocol, even though no entanglement is actually present. This equivalence even holds in the absence of squeezing, for coherent state protocols. This ``virtual'' entanglement is important to assess the security of these protocols as it provides an upper bound on the mutual information between Alice and Bob if they had used entanglement. The resulting security criteria are compared to the separability criterion for bipartite gaussian variables. It appears that the security thresholds are well within the entanglement region. This supports the idea that coherent state quantum cryptography may be unconditionally secure.
Compatibility between local and multipartite states
Authors: Bravyi S.
Published: March 2021

We consider a partial trace transformation which maps a multipartite quantum state to collection of local density matrices. We call this collection a mean field state. For the Hilbert spaces $(\CC^2)^{\otimes n}$ and $\CC^2\otimes\CC^2\otimes\CC^4$ the necessary and sufficient conditions under which a mean field state is compatible with at least one multipartite pure state are found. Compatibility of mean field states with more general classes of multipartite quantum states is discussed.
QIC Webcorner: Update
Authors: Kok Pieter
Published: March 2021

conferences, meetings, schools
Scalable trapped ion quantum computation with a probabilistic ion-photon mapping
Authors: Duan L.-M. , Blinov B.B. , Moehring D.L. , Monroe C.
Published: March 2021

We propose a method for scaling trapped ions for large-scale quantum computation and communication based on a probabilistic ion-photon mapping. Deterministic quantum gates between remotely located trapped ions can be achieved through detection of spontaneously-emitted photons, accompanied by the local Coulomb interaction between neighboring ions. We discuss gate speeds and tolerance to experimental noise for different probabilistic entanglement schemes.
How significant are the known collision and element distinctness quantum algorithms?
Authors: Grover L. , Rudolph T.
Published: March 2021

Quantum search is a technique for searching $N$ possibilities for a desired target in $O(\sqrt{N})$ steps. It has been applied in the design of quantum algorithms for several structured problems. Many of these algorithms require significant amount of quantum hardware. In this paper we propose the criterion that an algorithm which requires $O(S)$ hardware should be considered significant if it produces a speedup of better than $O\left(\sqrt{S}\right)$ over a simple quantum search algorithm. This is because a speedup of $O\left(\sqrt{S}\right)$ can be trivially obtained by dividing the search space into $S$ separate parts and handing the problem to $S$ independent processors that do a quantum search (in this paper we drop all logarithmic factors when discussing time/space complexity). Known algorithms for collision and element distinctness exactly saturate the criterion.
An upper bound on the threshold quantum decoherence rate
Authors: Razborov A.A.
Published: March 2021

Let $\eta_0$ be the supremum of those $\eta$ for which every poly-size quantum circuit can be simulated by another poly-size quantum circuit with gates of fan-in $\leq 2$ that tolerates random noise independently occurring on all wires at the constant rate $\eta$. Recent fundamental results showing the principal fact $\eta_0>0$ give estimates like $\eta_0\geq 10^{-6}\mbox{--}10^{-4}$, whereas the only upper bound known before is $\eta_0\leq 0.74$.}{In this note we improve the latter bound to $\eta_0\leq 1/2$, under the assumption ${\bf QP}\not\subseteq {\bf QNC^1}$. More generally, we show that if the decoherence rate $\eta$ is greater than 1/2, then we can not even store a single qubit for more than logarithmic time. Our bound also generalizes to the simulating circuits allowing gates of any (constant) fan-in $k$, in which case we have $\eta_0\leq 1-\frac 1k$.
Note on the Khaneja Glaser decomposition
Authors: Bullock S.S.
Published: March 2021

Recently, Vatan and Williams utilize a matrix decomposition of $SU(2^n)$ introduced by Khaneja and Glaser to produce {\tt CNOT}-efficient circuits for arbitrary three-qubit unitary evolutions. In this note, we place the Khaneja Glaser Decomposition ({\tt KGD}) in context as a $SU(2^n)=KAK$ decomposition by proving that its Cartan involution is type {\bf AIII}, given $n \geq 3$. The standard type {\bf AIII} involution produces the Cosine-Sine Decomposition (CSD), a well-known decomposition in numerical linear algebra which may be computed using mature, stable algorithms. In the course of our proof that the new decomposition is type {\bf AIII}, we further establish the following. Khaneja and Glaser allow for a particular degree of freedom, namely the choice of a commutative algebra $\mathfrak{a}$, in their construction. Let $\chi_1^n$ be a {\tt SWAP} gate applied on qubits $1$, $n$. Then $\chi_1^n v \chi_1^n=k_1\; a \; k_2$ is a KGD for $\mathfrak{a}=\mbox{span}_{\mathbb{R}} \{ \chi_1^n ( \ket{j}\bra{N-j-1} -\ket{N-j-1}\bra{j}) \chi_1^n \}$ if and only if $v=(\chi_1^n k_1 \chi_1^n) (\chi_1^n a \chi_1^n)(\chi_1^n k_2 \chi_1^n)$ is a CSD.
Functional approach to object intellectualization based on complex engineering
Authors: Mokhov A. I. , Dushkin R. V.
Published: March 2021

The article presents the authors` position on the development and application of a functional approach to the design and development of intelligent control systems for technical objects of various nature (cyberphysical systems) based on the principles of complex engineering. Complex engineering and a functional approach can, for example, be used together to manage such complex technical objects as intelligent buildings, which in the future allows us to transfer their functioning to a higher level of efficiency not only of the management object itself, but also of the hierarchy of its super – systems from the municipality and the region to the state as a whole. However, the system approach can also be applied in conjunction with complex engineering, which allows us, at least partially, to smooth out certain shortcomings of the functional approach, which are manifested when it is applied exclusively within the framework of system engineering when considering aspects of managing cyber-physical systems with a high degree of intelligence based on the system approach.

The authors clearly show the techniques and methods of this set of complex engineering, functional and system approaches in the proposed article using infographic models. Complex engineering allows you to solve the problem of transferring the control object to a connected intellectualized control complex, which, in turn, increases the level of its intelligence. At the same time, the authors use an interdisciplinary approach, since it is the most effective one when considering complex cyberphysical systems. Complex engineering initially includes an interdisciplinary approach, which allows us to apply it to the analysis and study of cyberphysical systems with the subsequent application of already a functional approach to solving problems of intellectualization. According to the authors, this will allow us to reach new frontiers in the field of creating “smart” systems for managing technological and managerial processes in various branches of human economic activity.
Nickel-Catalyzed 1,2-Carboamination of Alkenyl Alcohols
Authors: Kang Taeho , Kim Nana , Cheng Peter , Zhang Hao , Foo Klement , Engle Keary
Published: March 2021

An alcohol-directed, nickel-catalyzed three-component umpolung carboamination of unactivated alkenes with aryl/alkenylboronic esters and electrophilic aminating reagents is reported. This transformation is enabled by specifically tailored O-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)hydroxylamine electrophiles that suppress competitive processes, including undesired β-hydride elimination and transesterification between the alcohol substrate and electrophile. The reaction delivers the desired 1,2-carboaminated products with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity and exhibits a broad scope of coupling partners and alkenes, including complex natural products. Various mechanistic experiments and analysis of the stereochemical outcome with a cyclic alkene substrate, as confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis, support alcohol-directed syn-insertion of an organonickel(I) species.
Preparation of Marshmallow-like Macroporous Silicone Monoliths in Simple Surfactant-free Aqueous Systems and Their Application to Flexible Thermal Insulation Materials
Authors: Hayase Gen
Published: March 2021

Hydrophobic silicone macroporous materials prepared in an aqueous solution by the sol–gel method have been considered for various applications such as oil/water separation media, heat insulators, and liquid nitrogen adsorbents. In the conventional preparation process, surfactants are used to suppress phase separation to obtain a uniform bulk material. However, a large amount of solvent and time are required to remove them before drying, which hinders industrial-scale synthesis. By copolymerizing tetra-, tri-, and bifunctional organosilicon alkoxides in an aqueous acetic acid–urea solution, flexible macroporous silicone monoliths were successfully obtained, which recover their original shape even after 80 % uniaxial compression and large bending. The macroporous materials showed water repellency and heat resistance characteristic of silicone, and the thermal conductivity ~0.035 W m−1 K−1 did not increase even after 60 % uniaxial compression. Those silicone monoliths fabricated by a simple and highly reproducible green process are expected to be used widely.
Coordination Cages Transport Molecular Cargoes Across Liquid Membranes
Authors: Nguyen Bao-Nguyen , Thoburn John D. , Grommet Angela , Howe Duncan , Ronson Tanya K. , Ryan Hugh , Bolliger Jeanne L. , Nitschke Jonathan
Published: March 2021

Chemical purifications are critical processes across many industries, requiring 10 - 15% of humanity’s global energy budget1,2. Coordination cages are able to catch and release guest molecules based upon their size and shape3,4, providing a new technological basis for achieving chemical separation. Here we show that aqueous solutions of FeII4L6 and CoII4L4 cages can be used as liquid membranes. Selective transport of complex hydrocarbons across these membranes enabled the separation of target compounds from mixtures under ambient conditions. The kinetics of cage-mediated cargo transport are governed by guest binding affinity. Using sequential transport across two consecutive membranes, target compounds were isolated from a mixture in a size-selective fashion. The selectivities of both cages thus enabled a two-stage separation process to isolate a single compound from a mixture of physicochemically similar molecules.
Electrochemical Borylation of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Barton Lisa M. , Chen Longrui , Blackmond Donna , Baran Phil
Published: March 2021

A simple electrochemically mediated method for the conversion of alkyl carboxylic acids to their borylated congeners is presented. This protocol features an undivided cell setup with inexpensive carbon-based electrodes and exhibits a broad substrate scope and scalability in both flow and batch reactors. The use of this method in challenging contexts is exemplified with a modular formal synthesis of jawsamycin, a natural product harboring five cyclopropane rings.
A Supramolecular Porous Organic Cage Platform Promotes Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Water Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins
Authors: Smith Peter T. , Benke Bahiru Punja , An Lun , Kim Younghoon , Kim Kimoon , Chang Christopher
Published: March 2021

We report a supramolecular porous organic cage platform composed of cobalt porphyrins for catalyzing the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water at neutral pH. Owing to its permanent porosity, the supramolecular structure yields a catalyst film with a 5-fold increase in the number of electrochemically active cobalt atoms and an improvement in Tafel slope from 170 mV/decade to 119 mV/decade compared to a planar cobalt porphyrin analog, reaching activities over 19,000 turnovers for HER over a 24-hour period with 100% Faradaic efficiency.
Design of Long-Term Stable Concentrated Colloidal Dispersions in Ionic Liquids up to 473 K
Authors: Riedl Jesse Cornelius , Sarkar Mitradeep , Fiuza Thiago , Cousin Fabrice , Depeyrot Jérome , DUBOIS Emmanuelle , Mériguet Guillaume , Perzynski Régine , Peyre Véronique
Published: March 2021

The use of ionic liquid-based colloids at elevated temperatures is one of their most promising fields of application. However long term stability on the whole range of temperature is mandatory. First a detailed study on colloidal dispersions of iron oxide nanoparticles in EMIM TFSI is performed at room temperature in order to determine the best solid/liquid interface. The previously identified key parameters are tuned: the surface charge density and the nature of the counterions. Here a sulfonate based imidazolium ion is chosen. In a second step, the thermal stability of these nanoparticle dispersions is analysed on the short and long term up to 473 K (200◦C) combining dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray/neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Ionic liquid-based colloidal dispersions of iron oxide nanoparticles in EMIM TFSI stable in the long term can be obtained at least up to 473 K and nanoparticle concentrations of 12 vol% (≈30wt%)
Exploring the relation between dental caries and body mass index among primary dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition children - A systematic review
Authors: Chanchala H P  , Srilatha K T  , Madhu B  , Manjunatha S N  , Raghavendra Shanbhog
Published: March 2021

The research on the association of the Body mass index and Dental caries has indicated inconsistent results in the previous studies. Therefore, the present review intended to re analyse the relationship between Body mass index and Dental caries. The databases used to search were Pubmed, Embase, Journal of the web using the following mesh terms, Body mass index, overweight, underweight, Obesity, DMFT, Tooth decay, child. The other methods were the manual searches of the reference lists of all selected studies, reviews, conference proceedings with complete information. The results were evaluated based on the 3 groups as an association of Dental caries and BMI for Primary teeth, mixed dentition and permanent teeth. The studies should consider the review based on the individual country specific BMI-for-age centiles to reduce the heterogeneities in the results as it causes inconclusive results.
Effect of oral health initiatives on reduction in oral morbidities in Ashram schools of Wardha district– A cluster randomized trial
Authors: Anuja Ikhar  , Manoj Chandak  , Nidhi Motwani  , Samrudhi Khatod
Published: March 2021

Ashram schools are residential schools developed for underprivileged groups of society who are weak in organizations and economically poor. In general, in all the states, the major obstacle is lack of provision of capacity building and teachers training in serving of the Ashram schools. 8 ashram schools were then randomly divided into control group and intervention group.  In the control group, end line oral health assessment using the WHO assessment form 2013 was carried out without any health promotion program. In the intervention group, the oral health care module specifically designed for ashram schools, were implemented. In this group, end line oral health assessments were carried out. Treatments of the minor ailment, oral health program, behaviour change communication model for the schools were implemented. The need-based oral health module was developed for tribal students.  The effect size for the intervention was 17.3% indicating 17.3% reduction in dental caries due to intervention (95%CI: -12.3% to-21.62%). The effect was statistically significant. The effect size for the intervention was -43.2 %. Indicating 43.2 % reduction in periodontal diseases due to intervention(95%CI: (-50.7% to -34.1%). The effect was statistically significant. The magnitude of fluorosis in the control group increased by 4.8 % from 28.85% to 33.64 %. During the same time, the magnitude in intervention arm decreases by 3.5% from 47.71 % to 44.20 %. The success of the school-based oral health program depends on the repetition and reinforcement of the program, independent of the dentists, peer leaders and the teachers. It was concluded from this study that the presence of teachers and peers, can influence the study majorly.
Ajedrez: aportes para personas con Síndrome de Down
Authors: Bravo-Navarro Wilson Hernando , Cadme-Galabay Fanny Guadalupe , Jarrin-Navas Santiago Alejandro
Published: March 2021

El artículo presenta fundamentalmente el conocimiento de los diferentes aportes de la enseñanza, las terapias lúdicas y artísticas para desarrollar el área cognitiva y socio-afectiva en personas que presentan Síndrome de Down. Se concibe que el Ajedrez, el cual es conocido como el juego ciencia, es una herramienta pedagógica de primer orden que permite el fortalecimiento intelectual, además de ser un agente socializador. Se presenta la propuesta de actividades mediante el juego del Ajedrez con títeres, técnicas plásticas y dramatizaciones como estrategias para viabilizar la inclusión de sujetos con discapacidad intelectual en cualquiera de sus formas. Se parte de la problemática siguiente: las personas con discapacidad intelectual tienen diferentes limitantes, una de las más significativas es la falta de recursos didácticos en cuanto hace referencia al desarrollo mental, el mismo que afecta directamente la esfera social y emociona. De esta manera se procura contribuir en el tratamiento y la eficacia del buen vivir en personas con trastorno genético, en específico con Síndrome de Down, con el empleo del juego como un recurso didáctico, y una alternativa para la reinserción social y una estrategia terapéutica. Se incluyen a varias disciplinas que se adecúan a personas con discapacidad de cualquier índole, por lo que se sugiere un abordaje adaptativo a las necesidades que presentan los usuarios y se brinden diferentes recursos que faciliten el desarrollo de proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Finalmente, luego de haber consultado la bibliografía especializada, se infiere que el uso de las terapias lúdicas es substancial en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de individuos con discapacidad cognitiva.
Estrategias didácticas de la Educación Física para desarrollar la motivación en estudiantes de Educación Escolar
Authors: Peñafiel-Álvarez Julio Luis , Ochoa-Encalada Sergio Constantino , Heredia-León Diego Andrés
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo proporcionar las técnicas, las estrategias, los estilos de enseñanza, y la motivación que el docente de Educación Física debe conocer y poner en práctica en sus actividades diarias al momento de impartir las clases. La finalidad es que con estas herramientas sus discentes reciban clases dinámicas, activas y de esta forma contribuir al desarrollo de la formación integral, en los ámbitos cognitivo, afectivo, social y emocional, y adquirir ciertos niveles de autonomía que les permitirá tomar decisiones dentro del proceso de inter-aprendizaje y la práctica social. El diseño es de tipo bibliográfico. Se conoce que los niños y jóvenes realizan actividad física en muchos casos porque el maestro obliga a la ejecución de un solo tipo de ejercicio o algún juego que no despierta mayor interés, sin divertirse ni relajarse y peor aún sentirse parte del grupo o preocuparse por su salud. Se debe tener en cuenta que la motivación es fundamental dentro de los espacios académicos, la utilización de estrategias favorables pueden generar cambios en la conducta del estudiantado, de lo contrario el tratamiento de esta disciplina deportiva será solo por cumplir con el pensum y el horario establecido, como se da en la mayoría de centros educativos, que en muchos casos no trabaja un profesional de la rama sino docentes que no tienen la formación científica y que únicamente improvisan, lo que genera en el estudiantado la apatía y el desinterés por la asignatura.
Ensino de Ciências ao Aluno Surdo: Um Estudo de Caso sobre a Sala Regular, o Atendimento Educacional Especializado e o Intérprete Educacional
Authors: Oliveira Juliani Flávia de , Ferraz Denise Pereira de Alcantara
Published: March 2021

As escolas regulares devem assegurar aos alunos surdos uma Educação Especial dentro da perspectiva inclusiva mediante o acesso ao Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE), bem como uma educação bilíngue na presença do Intérprete Educacional (IE). Diante destas preconizações legais, esta pesquisa baseou-se em um estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa, cujo intuito foi analisar o processo de inclusão escolar e o ensino de Ciências oferecido à uma aluna surda do oitavo ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma instituição da rede pública situada ao sul de Minas Gerais. A pesquisa buscou responder as seguintes questões norteadoras: quais estratégias são utilizadas pelo professor de Ciências, AEE e IE para ensinar/interpretar Ciências? Quais são as suas dificuldades? Estes setores se articulam? Como o ensino bilíngue tem sido proporcionado? Para atender a tais questões, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os referidos profissionais e com um membro familiar da aluna. Os dados obtidos foram analisados com base na Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que os profissionais recorrem à recursos visuais e materiais concretos como facilitadores para o ensino de Ciências. Contudo, o desconhecimento da Libras dificulta a comunicação entre professor/aluno, direcionando uma sobrecarga de funções ao intérprete. A articulação entre os setores é quase inexistente entre o professor e o intérprete, o que acarreta dificuldades diante da interpretação de conteúdos científicos. Enfatiza-se, portanto, a necessidade de maiores reflexões quanto à ampliação lexical em Libras correspondente a termos científicos, assim como a ampliação de discussões acerca da formação desses profissionais e seus diálogos nos contextos escolares.
Successful complete digestion of well lithified shale and extraction of microfossils from Devonian beds in western New York
Authors: Meehan Kimberly C. , Kowalski Cody , Bartlett Kimberly , Li Isabelle , Bembia Paul
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT: Researchers in paleontological and paleoecological sciences often need complete disaggregation of rock materials for certain lines of investigation. However, complete disaggregation of more lithified sedimentary rock is known to be problematic. A complete shale disaggregation method implementing quaternary ammonium surfactants,widely used in paleontological sciences for poorly lithified shale and mudstone, was successfully used on well lithified Devonian shale in the Appalachian Basin ofWestern New York. Over 50 Devonian gray and black shale samples were collected from multiple localities in western New York (Cashaqua, Rhinestreet, Skaneateles, Windom, and Ludlowville), coarsely crushed, and fully immersed in a quaternary ammonium surfactant until complete disaggregation was achieved (5â€“14 days); aliquots were run through a series of nested sieves. The sieved sediments contained hundreds of well-preserved microfossils released from the shale: ostracods, dacryoconarids, and previously unreported palymorphs, charophytes, agglutinated foraminifera, miospores, and other microspherules. These microfossils were easily found within disaggregated and sieved samples but were unrecognizable on the shale surface and destroyed in prior investigations of whole rock thin sections. In addition to more traditional approaches, inclusion of this complete rock disaggregation method may assist in a more complete analysis of material, increase our understandings of ancient basin systems and have important implications on our understanding of the paleoecology during the Late Devonian marine biotic crises.
An Austral radiolarian biozonation for the Paleogene
Authors: Hollis Christopher J. , Pascher Kristina M. , Sanfilippo Annika , Nishimura Akiko , Kamikuri Shin-ichi , Shepherd Claire L.
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT: We have integrated southern mid- and high-latitude (Austral) radiolarian biozonations with the well-established low-latitude (Tropical) biozonation using new biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic constraints on radiolarian bioevents in the Southwest (SW) Pacific, Southeast (SE) Indian and Northwest (NW) Atlantic Oceans. Our primary study sites include Mead Stream, New Zealand, and DSDP Sites 277 and 207 (SW Pacific; 45-54 degrees South at 50 Ma), ODP Site 752 and IODP Site U1514 (SE Indian; 50 degrees South at 50 Ma), and IODP Site U1403 (NW Atlantic; 30 degrees North at 50 Ma). The Austral and Tropical zonal schemes have been calibrated to GPTS2020. We introduce new zonal codes to rectify current confusion surrounding use of "RP" zones. Austral zones are codified as "RPA" zones and Tropical zones are codified as "RPT". Our study finds that radiolarian datums are generally isochronous within the mid-latitude SW Pacific and SE Indian Oceans from Paleocene to middle Eocene and are also isochronous in the high-latitude Southern Ocean (>60 degrees South paleolatitude) over the late middle Eocene to Oligocene interval of overlap. Older radiolarian assemblages are not known from the Southern Ocean. Early to middle Paleocene radiolarian assemblages in the SE Indian Ocean (zones RPA2-RPA5) differ from coeval SW Pacific assemblages by lacking significant numbers of Cretaceous survivors. The reasons for this difference are uncertain. Although the late Paleocene to Eocene radiolarian assemblages in the SW Pacific and SE Indian Ocean lack many low-latitude index species, the timing of Indian Ocean bioevents agrees better with low-latitude biozonations than the SW Pacific, suggesting a stronger connection with low-latitude watermasses. Assemblages from NW Atlantic IODP Site U1403 include numerous low-latitude index species and can be correlated with zones RPT6-RPT13. Many of the species transitions in biostratigraphically important Eocene lineages, however, occur later than in lower latitudes.
Distance Learning Policy During Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Dewi Maya Puspita , Wajdi Muh Barid Nizarudin
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the learning process online, supporting factors and factors inhibiting  teachers  in carrying out online learning during the covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in  several elementary  schools  in  Nganjuk district  which is calculated from  September to  January 2021. This study uses a type of descriptive qualitative method research. The subjects used in this study were primary school  teachers  and  some  education-related policymakers. Data collection techniques used in this study in the form of open questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, documentation and field records. The result of this study is that the covid-19 pandemic has a huge impact on the learning process, learning that is usually carried out directly is now diverted into online learning. Students feel bored and bored during the learning. Online learning for primary school-age children is less effective. There are several factors supporting  teachers in the online learning process, namely the availability of mobile phones, quotas and a stable internet network. In addition to the supporting factors in online learning there are also several factors inhibiting  teachers in online learning. The inhibitory factors include that not all students have mobile phones and many parents are busy working.it is  necessary to  government  from   various  parties,  both  from the government as the regulatory  holder  and  the community  as  policy  users.   so it  is expected that both  can  synergize  and  maximize the academic  potential  of  students.