bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to safeguard the continuous renal replacement therapy circuit: a narrative review
Authors: Hu Chaomin , Shui Pengfei , Zhang Bo , Xu Xin , Wang Zhengquan , Wang Bin , Yang Jie , Xiang Yang , Zhang Jun , Ni Hongying , Hong Yucai , Zhang Zhongheng
Published: August 2024

The high prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in ICU patients emphasizes the need to understand factors influencing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) circuit lifespan for optimal outcomes. This review examines key pharmacological interventions—citrate (especially in regional citrate anticoagulation), unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and nafamostat mesylate (NM)—and their effects on filter longevity. Citrate shows efficacy with lower bleeding risks, while UFH remains cost-effective, particularly in COVID-19 cases. LMWH is effective but associated with higher bleeding risks. NM is promising for high-bleeding risk scenarios. The review advocates for non-tunneled, non-cuffed temporary catheters, especially bedside-inserted ones, and discusses the advantages of surface-modified dual-lumen catheters. Material composition, such as polysulfone membranes, impacts filter lifespan. The choice of treatment modality, such as Continuous Veno-Venous Hemodialysis (CVVHD) or Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration with Dialysis (CVVHDF), along with the management of effluent volume, blood flow rates, and downtime, are critical in prolonging filter longevity in CRRT. Patient-specific conditions, particularly the type of underlying disease, and the implementation of early mobilization strategies during CRRT are identified as influential factors that can extend the lifespan of CRRT filters. In conclusion, this review offers insights into factors influencing CRRT circuit longevity, supporting evidence-based practices and suggesting further multicenter studies to guide ICU clinical decisions.
Obtention of viable cell suspensions from breast cancer tumor biopsies for 3D chromatin conformation and single-cell transcriptome analysis
Authors: Stephenson-Gussinye Aura , Rendón-Bautista Luis A. , Ruiz-Medina Blanca E. , Blanco-Olais Eduardo , Pérez-Molina Rosario , Marcial-Medina Cleofas , Chavarri-Guerra Yanin , Soto-Pérez-de-Celis Enrique , Morales-Alfaro Andrea , Esquivel-López Ayerim , Candanedo-González Fernando , Gamboa-Domínguez Armando , Cortes-González Rubén , Alfaro-Goldaracena Alejandro , Vázquez-Manjarrez Sara E. , Grajales-Figueroa Guido , Astudillo-Romero Beatriz , Ruiz-Manriquez Jesús , Poot-Hernández A. César , Licona-Limón Paula , Furlan-Magaril Mayra
Published: August 2024

Molecular and cellular characterization of tumors is essential due to the complex and heterogeneous nature of cancer. In recent decades, many bioinformatic tools and experimental techniques have been developed to achieve personalized characterization of tumors. However, sample handling continues to be a major challenge as limitations such as prior treatments before sample acquisition, the amount of tissue obtained, transportation, or the inability to process fresh samples pose a hurdle for experimental strategies that require viable cell suspensions. Here, we present an optimized protocol that allows the recovery of highly viable cell suspensions from breast cancer primary tumor biopsies. Using these cell suspensions we have successfully characterized genome architecture through Hi-C. Also, we have evaluated single-cell gene expression and the tumor cellular microenvironment through single-cell RNAseq. Both technologies are key in the detailed and personalized molecular characterization of tumor samples. The protocol described here is a cost-effective alternative to obtain viable cell suspensions from biopsies simply and efficiently.
Clearing the JUNQ: the molecular machinery for sequestration, localization, and degradation of the JUNQ compartment
Authors: Rolli Sarah , Langridge Chloe A. , Sontag Emily M.
Published: August 2024

Cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) plays an essential role in regulating the folding, sequestration, and turnover of misfolded proteins via a network of chaperones and clearance factors. Previous work has shown that misfolded proteins are spatially sequestered into membrane-less compartments in the cell as part of the proteostasis process. Soluble misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm are trafficked into the juxtanuclear quality control compartment (JUNQ), and nuclear proteins are sequestered into the intranuclear quality control compartment (INQ). However, the mechanisms that control the formation, localization, and degradation of these compartments are unknown. Previously, we showed that the JUNQ migrates to the nuclear membrane adjacent to the INQ at nucleus-vacuole junctions (NVJ), and the INQ moves through the NVJ into the vacuole for clearance in an ESCRT-mediated process. Here we have investigated what mechanisms are involved in the formation, migration, and clearance of the JUNQ. We find Hsp70s Ssa1 and Ssa2 are required for JUNQ localization to the NVJ and degradation of cytoplasmic misfolded proteins. We also confirm that sequestrases Btn2 and Hsp42 sort misfolded proteins to the JUNQ or IPOD, respectively. Interestingly, proteins required for piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus (PMN) (i.e., Nvj1, Vac8, Atg1, and Atg8) drive the formation and clearance of the JUNQ. This suggests that the JUNQ migrates to the NVJ to be cleared via microautophagy.
Venous thrombolysis prior to mechanical thrombectomy reduces glycocalyx damage in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Xu Bin , Yin Tengkun , Sun Tanggui , Lv Hang , Zhang Wenyv , Zan Xv , Hao Jiheng , Wang Jiyue , Zhang Liyong
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The administration of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been a subject of debate, and its potential benefits remain uncertain. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the effect of preoperative IVT on glycocalyx damage in patients with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).

Methods

A cohort of 106 patients with acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation treated with mechanical thrombectomy was enrolled. The levels of the glycocalyx damage marker, syndecan-1, were measured in the peripheral blood of these patients to assess glycocalyx damage during IRI, and clinical outcomes were compared between patients receiving MT alone vs. combined IVT and MT.

Results

The study results indicate that thrombolytic drugs have a significant impact on syndecan-1 levels in the blood. Compared to patients who underwent direct MT, those who received preoperative IVT had significantly lower levels of syndecan-1 in their blood. Although preoperative IVT did not alter the final clinical outcomes, the levels of syndecan-1 shedding reflect the extent of damage to the endothelial glycocalyx.

Discussion

This suggests that using thrombolytic drugs before mechanical thrombectomy may reduce endothelial glycocalyx damage in patients with ischemia-reperfusion injury. These findings provide indirect clinical evidence supporting the preoperative use of intravenous thrombolysis in such patients.
The impact of donor-specific antibodies’ presence on the outcome post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a survey from a single center
Authors: Sica Simona , Metafuni Elisabetta , Frioni Filippo , Limongiello Maria Assunta , Galli Eugenio , Sorà Federica , Bacigalupo Andrea , Poggi Elvira , Feccia Mariano Antonio , Manfreda Annarita , Chiusolo Patrizia , Giammarco Sabrina
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) correspond to anti-HLA antibodies of the recipient that are specifically directed to a mismatched antigen of the donor. In the setting of solid organ transplantation DSAs are associated with rejection. Their role is still debated in allogeneic cell transplantation. International guidelines recommend testing patients for DSA before transplant, and if possible, choosing a donor with negative screening.

Methods

We collected clinical data of 236 recipients of alloSCT, performed at our institution from March 2019 to October 2023, to evaluate their impact on engraftment. Serum from all patients was tested for DSA.

Results

186 patients (79%) achieved sustained myeloid engraftment within day 30 post alloSCT. Thirty-two out 236 (13%) patients engrafted after day 30 post alloSCT. The median times to neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment were respectively 21 days (range 11-121 days) and 19 days (range 10-203 days). Fourteen out 236 patients (6%) experienced PrGF. .Twenty-nine patients (12 %) were DSA-positive. Among 29 patients with DSA positivity, 17 had a haploidentical donor and 12 had a UD donor. DSA positivity directly correlates respectively with neutrophil and platelets engraftment failure at 30 days after alloSCT (p=0.01 and p= 0.0004). Univariate Cox analysis showed that factors, including DSAs positivity, disease type, disease status, donor type, conditioning regimen, patient's age, and CD34+ were correlated with neutrophil and platelet engraftment failure at 30 days after alloSCT. Younger patients with DSA negativity, with acute leukemia, in complete response at the time of transplant, who received a higher dose of CD34+ cells from a sibling donor after a myeloablative conditioning regimen, have a reduced risk of neutrophil and platelet engraftment failure at day +30 post alloSCT.Multivariate analysis confirmed the impact of the presence of DSA only for platelet engraftment, confirming the role of type and status disease, donor type, recipient age, and CD34+ cells infused on engraftment. DSA presence has no impact on TRM, DFS, and OS.

Discussion

PrGF has a multifactorial pathogenesis, where DSA is not the only player, but its impact could vary depending on the transplant platform. Thus patient screening may be helpful to choose the best donor and transplant strategy.
The clinical outcome of minor changes in serum creatinine for patients after curative gastrectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Cai Wen-Tao , Zeng Xiu-Ya , Huang Yun-Shi , Chen Wei-Sheng , Chen Xiang-Jian , Xie Xian-Hai
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Patients with renal insufficiency are more prone to postoperative complications (PCs). Studies have shown that minor changes in serum creatinine (SCr), immediately post-surgery, can aid in assessing patients’ renal function. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the changes in SCr and PCs in patients with gastric cancer (GC).

Materials and methods

We prospectively collected data regarding the SCr of 530 GC patients, within 2 weeks before surgery and within 24 hours after surgery in our hospital (2014–2016). The patients were divided into three groups according to the level of SCr change after surgery: reduced (<10%), normal (10%), and elevated (>10%) creatinine groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were performed to evaluate its correlation with short-term PCs in the patients. The R language was used to construct a nomogram.

Results

83, 217, and 230 patients were assigned to the elevated, reduced, and normal SCr groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the reduced and elevated SCr groups were independently associated with the occurrence of PCs and severe postoperative complications (SPCs), respectively. Additionally, postsurgical SCr change, age, hypoalbuminemia, total gastrectomy, combined resection, and laparoscopy, were independently related to PCs. Combining the above influential factors, the predictive model can distinguish patients with PCs more reliably (c-index is 0.715).

Conclusion

Post-surgery, reduced SCr is a protective factor for PCs, while elevated serum creatinine is an independent risk factor for SPCs. Our nomogram can identify GC patients with high risks of PCs.
Alkaloids in Chelidonium majus L: a review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology
Authors: Li Xin-Lan , Sun Yan-Ping , Wang Meng , Wang Zhi-Bin , Kuang Hai-Xue
Published: August 2024

Chelidonium majus L. (C. majus), commonly known as “Bai Qu Cai” in China, belongs to the genus Chelidonium of the Papaveraceae family. It has rich medicinal value, such as alleviating coughs, asthma, spasms and pain. Recent studies have demonstrated that C. majus is abundant in various alkaloids, which are the primary components of C. majus and have a range of pharmacological effects, including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-tumor effects. So far, 94 alkaloids have been isolated from C. majus, including benzophenanthridine, protoberberine, aporphine, protopine and other types of alkaloids. This paper aims to review the research progress in phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of C. majus alkaloids, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of C. majus in the field of medicinal chemistry and to afford reference for further research and development efforts.
The role of l-leucovorin uptake and metabolism in the modulation of 5-fluorouracil efficacy and antifolate toxicity
Authors: Peters Godefridus J. , Kathmann Ietje , Giovannetti Elisa , Smid Kees , Assaraf Yehuda G. , Jansen Gerrit
Published: August 2024

Background

L-Leucovorin (l-LV; 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid) is a precursor for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-THF), which is important for the potentiation of the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (5FU). LV is also used to rescue antifolate toxicity. LV is commonly administered as a racemic mixture of its l-LV and d-LV stereoisomers. We compared dl-LV with l-LV and investigated whether d-LV would interfere with the activity of l-LV.

Methods

Using radioactive substrates, we characterized the transport properties of l-LV and d-LV, and compared the efficacy of l-LV with d-LV to potentiate 5FU-mediated thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition. Using proliferation assays, we investigated their potential to protect cancer cells from cytotoxicity of the antifolates methotrexate, pemetrexed (Alimta), raltitrexed (Tomudex) and pralatrexate (Folotyn).

Results

l-LV displayed an 8-fold and 3.5-fold higher substrate affinity than d-LV for the reduced folate carrier (RFC/SLC19A1) and proton coupled folate transporter (PCFT/SLC46A1), respectively. In selected colon cancer cell lines, the greatest enhanced efficacy of 5FU was observed for l-LV (2-fold) followed by the racemic mixture, whereas d-LV was ineffective. The cytotoxicity of antifolates in lymphoma and various solid tumor cell lines could be protected very efficiently by l-LV but not by d-LV. This protective effect of l-LV was dependent on cellular RFC expression as corroborated in RFC/PCFT-knockout and RFC/PCFT-transfected cells. Assessment of TS activity in situ showed that TS inhibition by 5FU could be enhanced by l-LV and dl-LV and only partially by d-LV. However, protection from inhibition by various antifolates was solely achieved by l-LV and dl-LV.

Conclusion

In general l-LV acts similar to the dl-LV formulations, however disparate effects were observed when d-LV and l-LV were used in combination, conceivably by d-LV affecting (anti)folate transport and intracellular metabolism.
The relative importance of affect variability and mean levels of affect in predicting complex task performance
Authors: North Maddison N. , Huck Jonathan T. , Day Eric Anthony , Jorgensen Ashley G. , Richels Kelsey A.
Published: August 2024

Although research indicates affect variability—the extent to which an individual’s emotions fluctuate—is associated with behavioral outcomes related to adjustment and adaptability, it is unclear to what extent findings make important contributions to the literature when past research has failed to account for the role of mean levels of emotion. Accordingly, we conducted a repeated-measures laboratory study of college students (N = 253) learning to perform a complex computer task to examine the relative importance of affect variability indices (i.e., spin, pulse, and flux) compared to mean levels in explaining variance in off-task attention and task performance before and after changes in task demands (i.e., skill acquisition and adaptation). In doing so, we also disentangled valence and arousal (i.e., activating versus deactivating) aspects of emotion. Relative importance analyses showed mean levels of emotion were the most dominant predictors (i.e., explained the most variance)—negative deactivating emotions for off-task attention and positive activating emotions for performance. However, flux in negative activating and negative deactivating emotions also explained enough variance to be considered important, suggesting that flux has been overlooked in empirical research. Our findings also highlight that future research must account for mean levels when examining relationships between affect variability and outcomes of interest.
Enhancing lexical tone learning for second language speakers: effects of acoustic properties in Mandarin tone perception
Authors: Cao Meng , Pavlik Philip I. , Bidelman Gavin M.
Published: August 2024

Understanding the challenges faced by second language (L2) learners in lexical tone perception is crucial for effective language acquisition. This study investigates the impact of exaggerated acoustic properties on facilitating Mandarin tone learning for English speakers. Using synthesized tone stimuli, we systematically manipulated pitch contours through three key modifications: expanding the fundamental frequency (F0), increasing F0 (female voice), and extending the overall duration. Our objectives were to assess the influence of F0 expansion, higher F0, longer duration, and varied syllables on Mandarin tone learning and generalization. Participants engaged in a non-adaptive trial-by-trial tone identification task. Mixed-effects logistic regression modeling was used to analyze accuracy across learning phases, acoustic factors, and tones. Findings reveal improvements in accuracy from training to testing and generalization phases, indicating the effectiveness of perceptual training to tone perception for adult English speakers. Tone 1 emerged as the easiest to perceive, while Tone 3 posed the most challenge, consistent with established hierarchies of tonal acquisition difficulty. Analysis of acoustic factors highlighted tone-specific effects. Expanded F0 was beneficial for the identification of Tone 2 and Tone 3 but posed challenges for Tone 1 and Tone 4. Additionally, longer durations also exhibited varied effects across tones, aiding in the identification of Tone 3 and Tone 4 but hindering Tone 1 identification. The higher F0 was advantageous for Tone 2 but disadvantageous for Tone 3. Furthermore, the syllable ma facilitated the identification of Tone 1 and Tone 2 but not for Tone 3 and Tone 4. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of acoustic properties in L2 tone perception and have implications for the design of effective training programs for second language acquisition.
Healthcare-related carbon footprinting—lower impact of a coronary stenting compared to a coronary surgery pathway
Authors: Sack Fabian , Irwin Amanda , van der Zalm Raymond , Ho Lorraine , Celermajer Danielle J. , Celermajer David S.
Published: August 2024

Healthcare is a major generator of greenhouse gases, so consideration of this contribution to climate change needs to be quantified in ways that can inform models of care. Given the availability of activity-based financial data, environmentally-extended input–output (EEIO) analysis can be employed to calculate systemic carbon footprints for healthcare activities, allowing comparison of different patient care pathways. We thus quantified and compared the carbon footprint of two common care pathways for patients with stable coronary artery disease, with similar clinical outcomes: coronary stenting and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Healthcare cost data for these two pathways were disaggregated and the carbon footprint associated with this expenditure was calculated by connecting the flow of money within the economy to the greenhouse gases emitted to support the full range of associated activities. The systemic carbon footprint associated with an average stable patient CABG pathway, at a large tertiary referral hospital in Sydney, Australia in 2021–22, was 11.5 tonnes CO2-e, 4.9 times greater than the 2.4 tonnes CO2-e footprint of an average comparable stenting pathway. These data suggest that a stenting pathway for stable coronary disease should be preferred on environmental grounds and introduces EEIO analysis as a practical tool to assist in health-care related carbon footprinting.
Recent progresses in strange quark stars
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Li , Huang Yong-Feng , Zou Ze-Cheng
Published: August 2024

According to the hypothesis that strange quark matter may be the true ground state of matter at extremely high densities, strange quark stars should be stable and could exist in the Universe. It is possible that pulsars may actually be strange stars, but not neutron stars. Here we present a short review on recent progresses in the field of strange quark stars. First, three popular phenomenological models widely used to describe strange quark matter are introduced, with special attention being paid on the corresponding equation of state in each model. Combining the equation of state with the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equations, the inner structure and mass-radius relation can be obtained for the whole sequence of strange stars. Tidal deformability and oscillations (both radial and non-radial oscillations), which are sensitive to the composition and the equations of state, are then described. Hybrid stars as a special kind of quark stars are discussed. Several other interesting aspects of strange stars are also included. For example, strong gravitational wave emissions may be generated by strange stars through various mechanisms, which may help identify strange stars via observations. Especially, close-in strange quark planets with respect to their hosts may provide a unique test for the existence of strange quark objects. Fierce electromagnetic bursts could also be generated by strange stars. The energy may come from the phase transition of neutron stars to strange stars, or from the merger of binary strange stars. The collapse of the strange star crust can also release a huge amount of energy. It is shown that strange quark stars may be involved in short gamma-ray bursts and fast radio bursts.
Patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage and severe symptoms are highly sensitive to prehospital delay. A subgroup analysis from the RESIST and TRIAGE-STROKE trials
Authors: Behrndtz Anne , Simonsen Claus Z. , Valentin Jan B. , Andersen Grethe , Blauenfeldt Rolf A.
Published: August 2024

Background

Patients with a positive prehospital stroke severity score and underlying intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may be harmed by longer onset-to-admission time. We aimed to investigate the interaction between ICH severity and time from onset to admission on functional outcome.

Methods

This is an individual patient data analysis with data from two randomized prehospital stroke trials using the same prehospital stroke scale. Patients were stratified according to the presence of a positive stroke severity score. They were grouped into early arrivers (admitted ≤ 90 min from onset) and late arrivers (admitted ≥90 min after onset). The primary outcome was a shift toward a better functional outcome on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

Results

A total of 212 patients had ICH. A positive stroke severity score was seen in 123 of these patients. Patients with ICH and a positive prehospital stroke severity score had a significantly worse outcome if they arrived 90 min or later at the hospital (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.02, 95% CI [1.01, 4.12]). This difference was not observed in patients without a positive severity score (aOR: 0.50, 95% CI [0.22, 1.14]). Patients with a positive score also had an increased risk of death or severe dependency (mRS of 5–6) of 9.1 percentage points (95% CI [−1.6%, 19.8%]) per hour if they were diagnosed with ICH.

Conclusion

Longer onset-to-admission time was harmful for patients with ICH and a positive prehospital stroke severity score.
Unlocking the hypolipidemic potential of bioactive peptides derived from probiotic fermented cattle, camel, goat, and sheep milk: a comprehensive investigation through in vitro,in silico, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Mudgil Priti , Ajayi Feyisola Fisayo , Alyafei Aysha Saleh , Yap Pei-Gee , Gan Chee-Yuen , Maqsood Sajid
Published: August 2024

With hyperlipidemia posing a significant cardiovascular risk, innovative strategies are essential to unlock new therapeutic possibilities. Probiotic fermentation of milk proteins offers a natural and effective means to produce peptides with hypolipidemic properties, providing a promising approach to lowering lipid levels and reducing cardiovascular risk. In this study, fermented cattle milk (FCTM), fermented camel milk (FCM), fermented goat milk (FGM), and fermented sheep milk (FSM) were produced using a total of five probiotic bacterial strains to investigate the release of bioactive peptides (BAPs) with hypolipidemic potential via in vitro inhibitory activity toward pancreatic lipase (PL) during a 14-day refrigerated storage study. The PL inhibitory activities of these fermented milk (FM) varied according to the types of probiotic strains and milk types used. Overall, the Pediococcus pentosaceus MF000957 (PP-957) strain showed the highest PL inhibitory activity spanning across all milk types, and therefore, PP-957-derived fermented samples were analyzed for BAP identification by LCMS-QTOF. The identified BAPs were further analyzed using in silico and bioinformatics approaches for bioactivity prediction, molecular docking, and drug pharmacokinetic studies. Overall, four peptides derived from FCTM, one from FCM, and two peptides common in FGM and FSM were predicted as active PL inhibitors based on their binding energy and number of binding sites on the PL enzyme. All peptides were non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, and had appropriate drug-like properties. The outcomes of this study suggest that FM-derived peptides from animal milk are anticipated to be useful for combating hypercholesterolemia.
Text mining for disease surveillance in veterinary clinical data: part two, training computers to identify features in clinical text
Authors: Davies Heather , Nenadic Goran , Alfattni Ghada , Arguello Casteleiro Mercedes , Al Moubayed Noura , Farrell Sean , Radford Alan D. , Noble P.-J. M.
Published: August 2024

In part two of this mini-series, we evaluate the range of machine-learning tools now available for application to veterinary clinical text-mining. These tools will be vital to automate extraction of information from large datasets of veterinary clinical narratives curated by projects such as the Small Animal Veterinary Surveillance Network (SAVSNET) and VetCompass, where volumes of millions of records preclude reading records and the complexities of clinical notes limit usefulness of more “traditional” text-mining approaches. We discuss the application of various machine learning techniques ranging from simple models for identifying words and phrases with similar meanings to expand lexicons for keyword searching, to the use of more complex language models. Specifically, we describe the use of language models for record annotation, unsupervised approaches for identifying topics within large datasets, and discuss more recent developments in the area of generative models (such as ChatGPT). As these models become increasingly complex it is pertinent that researchers and clinicians work together to ensure that the outputs of these models are explainable in order to instill confidence in any conclusions drawn from them.
Medialny obraz dziecka i dzieciństwo w portalach parentingowych mama:Du i dad:Hero
Authors: Trysińska Magdalena
Published: August 2024

The observation of social life in Poland reveals slow but systematic changes in the functioning of families. These changes are observable in the roles of fathers and mothers, as well as the role of a child. Media play a significant role in promoting the image of a child in a modern, post-traditional family. The article aims to reconstruct the media image of the child and childhood. Research material consists of titles and headlines of press texts published on two websites: dad:Hero and mama:Du. The methodological basis employs the assumptions of cultural linguistics and the processes of concept profiling. Detailed analysis focused on facets such as the expected child vs. unwanted child, the engaging child vs. demanding child, the child as a source of expenses, and the threatened child. In the material examined, no texts portrayed the child as happy or carefree. This fact is due to the self-help and guidance functions of the websites in question. The analysis reveals that a child, a member of a post-modernist family, organizes their life, serves as a source of both positive and negative emotions, and is a person to be taken care of, but also to be feared. A child can be both desired and unwanted. Sometimes, one needs to take a break from the child. This image of childhood corresponds to the modern family model, where the needs of all its members are important.
Correlation Analysis of Railway Track Alignment and Ballast Stiffness: Comparing Frequency-Based and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Saeed , Heydari Hamidreza , Karimi Mahdi , Mosleh Araliya
Published: August 2024

One of the primary challenges in the railway industry revolves around achieving a comprehensive and insightful understanding of track conditions. The geometric parameters and stiffness of railway tracks play a crucial role in condition monitoring as well as maintenance work. Hence, this study investigated the relationship between vertical ballast stiffness and the track longitudinal level. Initially, the ballast stiffness and track longitudinal level data were acquired through a series of experimental measurements conducted on a reference test track along the Tehran–Mashhad railway line, utilizing recording cars for geometric track and stiffness recordings. Subsequently, the correlation between the track longitudinal level and ballast stiffness was surveyed using both frequency-based techniques and machine learning (ML) algorithms. The power spectrum density (PSD) as a frequency-based technique was employed, alongside ML algorithms, including linear regression, decision trees, and random forests, for correlation mining analyses. The results showed a robust and statistically significant relationship between the vertical ballast stiffness and longitudinal levels of railway tracks. Specifically, the PSD data exhibited a considerable correlation, especially within the 1–4 rad/m wave number range. Furthermore, the data analyses conducted using ML methods indicated that the values of the root mean square error (RMSE) were about 0.05, 0.07, and 0.06 for the linear regression, decision tree, and random forest algorithms, respectively, demonstrating the adequate accuracy of ML-based approaches.
Oxygen Vacancy-Rich δ-MnO2 Cathode Materials for Highly Stable Zinc-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Shilong , Wu Xiang
Published: August 2024

As an emerging secondary battery system, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) show a broad application prospect in the fields of large-scale energy storage and wearable devices. Manganese-based cathode materials have been widely investigated by many researchers due to their high natural abundance, low toxicity, and multiple variable valence states. However, limited active sites, insufficient solvation, and reactivity kinetics of Mn2+ lead to the attenuation of their electrochemical performance. Herein, we introduce appropriate oxygen vacancies into the δ-MnO2 structure by modulating the annealing temperature. The obtained δ-MnO2-400 electrode provided 503 mAh/g capacity at 0.2 A/g and 99% capacity retention after 3000 times cycling at 1 A/g.
Precise Optical Fiber-Based Ammonia Sensor Using CdS Quantum Dots Decorated with ZnO at Heterointerface
Authors: Li Xinxin , Zhao Chenxi , Wang Yannan , Yuan Zhenyu
Published: August 2024

Ammonia (NH3) sensing is crucial for environmental safety, necessitating the development of efficient NH3 sensors. In this study, an efficient NH3 sensor based on CdS quantum dots (QDs) decorated with ZnO (CdS/ZnO) covering optical fiber was successfully fabricated. The CdS/ZnO was first synthesized by a hydrothermal method, featuring an n-n heterojunction in the composite material. The optimal sensor with 10 wt% CdS QDs exhibits efficient performance, with a response sensitivity of 0.9 × 10−3 dB/ppm and R2 = 0.9858. Additionally, it demonstrates excellent selectivity and repeatability. Mechanistic insights for the NH3 sensor were elucidated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These results confirm that the enhancement in NH3 sensing performance is attributed to the formation of well-defined n-n heterojunctions. This study contributes to the advancement of gas-sensing technology, particularly in the detection of harmful gases, such as NH3.
Relationship between Infant Feeding and the Microbiome: Implications for Allergies and Food Intolerances
Authors: Herrera-Quintana Lourdes , Vázquez-Lorente Héctor , Hinojosa-Nogueira Daniel , Plaza-Diaz Julio
Published: August 2024

Childhood is a critical period for immune system development, which is greatly influenced by the gut microbiome. Likewise, a number of factors affect the gut microbiome composition and diversity, including breastfeeding, formula feeding, and solid foods introduction. In this regard, several studies have previously demonstrated that breastfeeding promotes a favorable microbiome. In contrast, formula feeding and the early incorporation of certain solid foods may adversely affect microbiome development. Additionally, there is increasing evidence that disruptions in the early microbiome can lead to allergic conditions and food intolerances. Thus, developing strategies to promote optimal infant nutrition requires an understanding of the relationship between infant nutrition and long-term health. The present review aims to examine the relationship between infant feeding practices and the microbiome, as well as its implications on allergies and food intolerances in infants. Moreover, this study synthesizes existing evidence on how different eating habits influence the microbiome. It highlights their implications for the prevention of allergies and food intolerances. In conclusion, introducing allergenic solid foods before six months, alongside breastfeeding, may significantly reduce allergies and food intolerances risks, being also associated with variations in gut microbiome and related complications.
TriNet: Exploring More Affordable and Generalisable Remote Phenotyping with Explainable Deep Models
Authors: Beltrame Lorenzo , Salzinger Jules , Koppensteiner Lukas J. , Fanta-Jende Phillipp
Published: August 2024

In this study, we propose a scalable deep learning approach to automated phenotyping using UAV multispectral imagery, exemplified by yellow rust detection in winter wheat. We adopt a high-granularity scoring method (1 to 9 scale) to align with international standards and plant breeders’ needs. Using a lower spatial resolution (60 m flight height at 2.5 cm GSD), we reduce the data volume by a factor of 3.4, making large-scale phenotyping faster and more cost-effective while obtaining results comparable to those of the state-of-the-art. Our model incorporates explainability components to optimise spectral bands and flight schedules, achieving top-three accuracies of 0.87 for validation and 0.67 and 0.70 on two separate test sets. We demonstrate that a minimal set of bands (EVI, Red, and GNDVI) can achieve results comparable to more complex setups, highlighting the potential for cost-effective solutions. Additionally, we show that high performance can be maintained with fewer time steps, reducing operational complexity. Our interpretable model components improve performance through regularisation and provide actionable insights for agronomists and plant breeders. This scalable and explainable approach offers an efficient solution for yellow rust phenotyping and can be adapted for other phenotypes and species, with future work focusing on optimising the balance between spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions.
LOFF: LiDAR and Optical Flow Fusion Odometry
Authors: Zhang Junrui , Huang Zhongbo , Zhu Xingbao , Guo Fenghe , Sun Chenyang , Zhan Quanxi , Shen Runjie
Published: August 2024

Simultaneous Location and Mapping (SLAM) is a common algorithm for position estimation in GNSS-denied environments. However, the high structural consistency and low lighting conditions in tunnel environments pose challenges for traditional visual SLAM and LiDAR SLAM. To this end, this paper presents LiDAR and optical flow fusion odometry (LOFF), which uses a direction-separated data fusion method to fuse optical flow odometry into the degenerate direction of the LiDAR SLAM without sacrificing the accuracy. Moreover, LOFF incorporates detectors and a compensator, allowing for a smooth transition between general environments and degeneracy environments. This capability facilitates the stable flight of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in GNSS-denied tunnel environments, including corners and long-distance consistency. Through real-world experiments conducted in a GNSS-denied pedestrian tunnel, we demonstrate the superior position accuracy and trajectory smoothness of LOFF compared to state-of-the-art visual SLAM and LiDAR SLAM.
A Multi-Waypoint Motion Planning Framework for Quadrotor Drones in Cluttered Environments
Authors: Shi Delong , Shen Jinrong , Gao Mingsheng , Yang Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

In practical missions, quadrotor drones frequently face the challenge of navigating through multiple predetermined waypoints in cluttered environments where the sequence of the waypoints is not specified. This study presents a comprehensive multi-waypoint motion planning framework for quadrotor drones, comprising multi-waypoint trajectory planning and waypoint sequencing. To generate a trajectory that follows a specified sequence of waypoints, we integrate uniform B-spline curves with a bidirectional A* search to produce a safe, kinodynamically feasible initial trajectory. Subsequently, we model the optimization problem as a quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP) to enhance the trackability of the trajectory. Throughout this process, a replanning strategy is designed to ensure the traversal of multiple waypoints. To accurately determine the shortest flight time waypoint sequence, the fast marching (FM) method is utilized to efficiently establish the cost matrix between waypoints, ensuring consistency with the constraints and objectives of the planning method. Ant colony optimization (ACO) is then employed to solve this variant of the traveling salesman problem (TSP), yielding the sequence with the lowest temporal cost. The framework’s performance was validated in various complex simulated environments, demonstrating its efficacy as a robust solution for autonomous quadrotor drone navigation.
Review of Research on the Present Situation of Development and Resource Potential of Wind and Solar Energy in China
Authors: Li Taohui , Liu Yonghao , Lv Aifeng
Published: August 2024

To address the global warming issue, China is prioritizing the development of clean energy sources such as wind and solar power under its “dual carbon target”. However, the expansion of these resources is constrained by their intermittency and the spatial and temporal distribution of wind and solar energy. This paper systematically reviews the evolution of wind and solar energy reserves, their development potential, and their current status in China from a geographical perspective. In conjunction with existing research, this paper anticipates future exploration in the realm of wind–solar complementary development or multi-energy complementary development, viewed through the lens of resource quantity. The anticipated findings are intended to furnish a theoretical foundation for further studies on the development and utilization of wind and solar energy resources within China.
The Impact Time Series Selected Characteristics on the Fuel Demand Forecasting Effectiveness Based on Autoregressive Models and Markov Chains
Authors: Więcek Paweł , Kubek Daniel
Published: August 2024

This article examines the influence of specific time series attributes on the efficacy of fuel demand forecasting. By utilising autoregressive models and Markov chains, the research aims to determine the impact of these attributes on the effectiveness of specific models. The study also proposes modifications to these models to enhance their performance in the context of the fuel industry’s unique fuel distribution. The research involves a comprehensive analysis, including identifying the impact of volatility, seasonality, trends, and sudden shocks within time series data on the suitability and accuracy of forecasting methods. The paper utilises ARIMA, SARIMA, and Markov chain models to assess their ability to integrate diverse time series features, improve forecast precision, and facilitate strategic logistical planning. The findings suggest that recognising and leveraging these time series characteristics can significantly enhance the management of fuel supplies, leading to reduced operational costs and environmental impacts.
Simulation Study on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Oil Shale under Different In Situ Pyrolysis Methods Based on CT Digital Rock Cores
Authors: Zhang Yuxing , Yang Dong
Published: August 2024

To analyze the heat transfer characteristics of oil shale under different in situ pyrolysis methods from a microscopic perspective, a combination of experimental and simulation approaches was employed. Initially, high-temperature in situ pyrolysis experiments on single-fracture oil shale were conducted using high-temperature steam and electrical methods. Subsequently, micro-CT scanning technology was utilized to obtain digital rock cores under different in situ pyrolysis conditions. Finally, these digital rock cores were seamlessly integrated with COMSOL 6.0 to achieve numerical simulations of high-temperature steam convective heating and electrical conductive heating in the in situ state. The relevant conclusions are as follows: Firstly, during the in situ pyrolysis of oil shale with high-temperature steam convective heating, the overall temperature increase is uniform and orderly. Heat is conducted gradually from the pores and fractures to the matrix. The uneven distribution of pores and fractures causes an uneven temperature field, but no localized overheating occurs, which can effectively enhance the pyrolysis efficiency. Secondly, the heat transfer direction in electrical conductive heating is primarily inward along the normal direction of the heat source end face. The closer the section is to the heat source end face, the higher the rate of temperature increase. Within 1 s, the temperature rise at 100 μm (near the heat source end face) is 2.27 times that at 500 μm (near the farthest cross-section from the heat source end face). The heat transfer effect of high-temperature steam convective heating consistently surpasses that of electrical conductive heating. The Tc value initially increases and then decreases as pyrolysis progresses, reaching a maximum of 1.61331 at 0.4 s, but Tc remains greater than 1 throughout. Finally, in the initial stages of pyrolysis, the high-temperature region formed by conductive heating is superior to that of convective heating. However, once the heat carrier fluid flow stabilizes, the volume of the high-temperature region formed by convective heating grows rapidly compared to that of conductive heating. At 1 s, the volume of the high-temperature region formed by convective heating reaches 5.22 times that of the high-temperature region formed by conductive heating.
The Current Harmonic Impact on Active Power Losses and Temperature Distribution in Power Cables
Authors: Radwan-Pragłowska Natalia , Mamcarz Dominik , Albrechtowicz Paweł , Rozegnał Bartosz
Published: August 2024

The active power losses are dependent on the flowing electric power value through overhead and cable lines. The current flow through the conductor causes negative phenomena to occur, such as released heat. The source of the current harmonics is the non-linear loads. Hence, the skin effect occurs, and the current carrying capacity of cables is reduced. This results in the increase in and uneven distribution of the temperature inside the conductor. This paper presents a comparison of the temperature distribution inside a power cable for an ideal 50 Hz sine wave and highly distorted current (THDI=41%). The calculated active power losses for the IEC 60287-1-1:2006+A1:2014 standard and the method described in the literature were used as a basis for further calculations. The obtained results revealed the problem of the uneven distribution of the conductor temperature. Considering the skin effect, increasing the temperature in the outer layers leads to severe damage and faster insulation aging. The abovementioned phenomenon is a decrease in the permissible load capacity of the conductor. The table given in the IEC 60364-5-52 standard summarizes the percentage contribution of the third harmonic to the current waveform. For percentages between 15% and 33%, the current carrying capacity is reduced by up to 86% of the full-load current rating. In addition, consideration of thermal conditions forces the use of cables with larger cross-sections. This leads to their non-optimal use and makes the investment more expensive from an economic point of view.
Optimal Operation of a Novel Small-Scale Power-to-Ammonia Cycle under Possible Disturbances and Fluctuations in Electricity Prices
Authors: Koschwitz Pascal , Anfosso Chiara , Guedéz Mata Rafael Eduardo , Bellotti Daria , Roß Leon , García José Angel , Ströhle Jochen , Epple Bernd
Published: August 2024

Power-to-Ammonia (P2A) is a promising technology that can provide a low-emission energy carrier for long-term storage. This study presents an optimization approach to a novel small-scale containerized P2A concept commissioned in 2024. A dynamic nonlinear optimization problem of the P2A concept is set up, employing the non-commercial MOSAIC® software V3.0.1 in combination with the NEOS® server. In total, seven optimization solvers, ANTIGONE®, CONOPT®, IPOPT®, KNITRO®, MINOS®, PATHNLP®, and SNOPT®, are used. The first and main part of this work optimizes several disturbance scenarios of the concept and aims to determine the optimal reactor temperature profile to counter the disturbances. The optimization results suggest, for example, lowering the reactor temperature profile if the hydrogen and nitrogen inlet streams into the system decrease. The second part of this work presents a crude dynamic optimal scheduling model. This part aims to determine the amount of ammonia to be produced and sold given a randomized price of electricity for three consecutive points in time. The optimization results recommend decreasing production when the price of electricity is high and vice versa. However, the dynamic model must be improved to include fluctuations in the price of ammonia. Then, it can be used as a real-time optimization tool.