bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização anatômica da madeira de quatro espécies de Vochysiaceae conhecidas, na Amazônia brasileira, como “mandioqueira”
Authors: Silva Marta César Freire , Souza Fernanda Ilkiu Borges de , Gomes Joaquim Ivanir
Published: January 2022

Dentre as espécies madeireiras da Amazônia brasileira comercializadas devido a sua múltipla possibilidade de uso estão Qualea paraensis Ducke, Qualea acuminata Spruceex Warm., Qualea dinizii Ducke e Ruizterania albiflora (Warm.) Marc.-Berti, da família Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil, todas conhecidas popularmente como “mandioqueira”. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizá-las sob o aspecto anatômico macroscópico e microscópico da madeira, dando ênfase às características qualitativas e quantitativas, visando subsidiar a identificação desse táxon. As espécies estudadas foram selecionadas no acervo da Xiloteca da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental e as descrições dos caracteres anatômicos seguiram as normas preconizadas em anatomia da madeira. As características quantitativas foram submetidas às análises estatísticas. A partir dos resultados foi possível distinguir as espécies por meio de características qualitativas (dos vasos, parênquimas e raios), e características quantitativas (dos vasos, raios e fibras), possibilitando aproximar o xilema secundário de Ruizterania albiflora ao de Qualea paraensis, com Qualea acuminata estando próxima às espécies, e Qualea dinizii se diferenciando das demais. Os resultados obtidos aqui evidenciam a anatomia da madeira como uma ferramenta importante a ser empregada na identificação e distinção confiáveis das espécies conhecidas como “mandioqueira”, principalmente quando não se dispõe de materiais botânicos complementares.
Estrutura da comunidade arbórea e efeito de borda em Florestas Estacionais Semideciduais
Authors: Silva Vanuza Pereira Garcia da , Mariano Gabriel Venâncio Pereira , Santos Ana Flávia Costa , Santos Lilian Cristina da Silva , Costa João Paulo , Vaz Ana Carolina Ribeiro , Vale Vagner Santiago do , Rocha Ednaldo Cândido
Published: January 2022

Efeito de borda são modificações ambientais que, por sua vez, alteram a estrutura e a composição da vegetação marginal em uma floresta. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o comprimento, em metros, da faixa exposta ao efeito de borda em dois fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. O trabalho foi executado em duas áreas distintas. Em ambas as áreas foram plotadas 30 parcelas de 10 x 10 m, demarcadas a partir da borda florestal, dispostas em três transectos, nos quais foram amostrados e identificados todos os indivíduos com circunferência a 1,30 m de altura e diâmetro ≥ 15 cm. Para a avaliação da abrangência florística do método e suficiência amostral, foi elaborada a curva espécie-área, baseada na distância em relação à borda e calculada a regressão que melhor se ajustou à curva. Em seguida, dois dendrogramas de similaridade foram elaborados, baseados na presença/ausência das espécies em cada parcela e no número de indivíduos por parcela. No total, foram amostrados 955 indivíduos arbóreos. A curva espécie-área de um dos locais de estudo estabilizou a partir dos 40 m, indicando que nesta faixa não houve aparecimento de novas espécies. No entanto, a curva retomou aumento a partir de 50 m. Na outra área, a estabilização na riqueza das parcelas ocorreu a 60 m da borda, com aumento no surgimento de novas espécies a 70 m. Em uma das áreas avaliadas, o efeito de borda atingiu 30 m em direção ao interior da floresta, enquanto na segunda área avaliada, esta distância foi de 70 m.
Utilização de imagens SAR na classificação de formações florestais brasileiras
Authors: Jesus Janisson Batista de , Kuplich Tatiana Mora
Published: January 2022

O Brasil tem uma vasta área territorial com várias tipologias florestais compostas por diferentes fisionomias. É necessário o mapeamento das áreas de florestas no país, com o intuito de se conhecer sua distribuição espacial, bem como de avaliar sua dinâmica de expansão ou redução. Uma forma eficiente e confiável de se obter tais informações se dá por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, podendo ser aplicado o imageamento por radar (micro-ondas), que por sua vez tem sido o foco de muitos pesquisadores. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é reunir as produções científicas relacionadas à utilização de imagens de radar aplicadas ao mapeamento das diferentes florestas no Brasil, analisando as mais recentes abordagens e técnicas de classificação. Notou-se uma significativa aplicação de imagens SAR em florestas do bioma Amazônia, principalmente para a detecção do desmatamento. As imagens do sistema do radar de banda L do ALOS/PALSAR foram as mais utilizadas nos mapeamentos das tipologias florestais, associadas a vários algoritmos classificadores, tais como: Iterated Conditional Modes, Máxima Verossimilhança e random forest. Os tipos de dados trabalhados nas classificações variaram de acordo com a capacidade polarimétrica de cada imagem, com destaque à maior utilização dos coeficientes de retroespalhamento e atributos extraídos das decomposições de suas matrizes. Observou-se ainda que a maioria dos trabalhos relacionaram os dados SAR com os obtidos por sensores ópticos. Portanto, o presente estudo possibilitou reunir várias aplicações de técnicas de classificação para a discriminação de diferentes formações florestais no Brasil utilizando o imageamento por micro-ondas, indicando a potencialidade dos vários classificadores nos dados SAR, mostrando que os sistemas de radar são uma importante tecnologia utilizada para o mapeamento de florestas no país.
Limestone and topdress nitrogen application improves the quality of Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert (Fabaceae – Caesalpinioideae) seedlings
Authors: Zuffo Alan Mario , Steiner Fábio , Busch Aécio , Aguilera Jorge González , Alvarez Rita de Cassia Felix
Published: January 2022

The liming and mineral fertilization can improve the growth and quality of forest species seedlings. The effects of the application of nitrogen fertilizer rates and limestone on growth and quality of Peltophorum dubium (Sprengel) Taubert seedlings were investigated in this study. Peltophorum dubium plants were grown in 1.4-L polyethylene bags filled with sandy soil under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial: four of N application rates (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg mg dm–3) and application or non-application of limestone, with four replicates. The plant height, stem diameter, height/diameter ratio and number of leaves were measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after emergence. At 120 days, root volume, shoot and root dry matter, N accumulation in shoots, shoot/root dry matter ratio, and Dickson quality index was also measured. The results reported that limestone and N fertilizer application have a positive effect on most of the growth and quality traits of Peltophorum dubium seedlings, and when Peltophorum dubium seedlings are produced in a substrate consisting of a sandy soil from Brazilian Cerrado, the limestone application and use of 200 mg N dm–3 in topdressing should be recommended to obtain high-quality seedlings.
Soil microbiological activity under different vegetation coverages in the Cerrado biome of Tocantins state
Authors: Marinho Junior Josue Luiz , Piscoya Victor Casimiro , Cunha Filho Moacyr , Fernandes Milton Marques , Pedrotti Alceu , Piscoya Thaisa Oliveira Folha , Gomes Filho Raimundo Rodrigues , Campos Fabricio Souza , Holanda Francisco Sandro Rodrigues , Castro Jamilie Brito de , Roncal Jorge Luis Piscoya , Araújo Filho Renisson Neponuceno de
Published: January 2022

The microbial activity is very sensitive to changes in soil cover, making it an important indicator of soil quality. The study aimed to assess changes in soil microbiological activities under different vegetation coverings in the Cerrado biome of Tocantins state. The work was developed in areas of Eucalyptus sp., Pasture, agriculture and Cerrado sensu stricto in the experimental farm of the Federal University of Tocantins. The soil samples were collected in trenches of 70 x 70 cm at depths 0-10 and 10-20 cm, with six replications. The variables evaluated were: concentration and stock in the microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration, metabolic quotient and microbial quotient. The statistical analysis was performed using the normality test, analysis of variance and comparison of means by the Tukey test at 5% significance. The area with Eucalyptus sp. at 11 years of age, he had a stable soil microbiological activity, showing stocks in microbial biomass carbon 57.32% higher than that native forest vegetation, 84.29% that pasture and 290.91% that agriculture. The soil microbiological activities are affected by the variation of the soil vegetation cover, being efficient as an indicator of soil quality.
Um olhar diacrônico sobre a televisão brasileira
Authors: Souza Gabriel
Published: January 2022

A partir de uma breve (re)construção diacrônica da mídia televisão no Brasil, o trabalho busca refletir sobre as diferentes fases que configuram a atuação e a penetração deste meio, propondo nove fases para compreender a construção da mídia tevê. A atual fase, denomina da tevê everywhere, de 2017 até os dias de hoje, é resultado de todas as transformações midiáticas acarretadas pelo advento e ascensão da internet.
As políticas do medo: o significado dos discursos da extrema-direita populista
Authors: Lacerda Igor
Published: January 2022

Neste livro, por meio de uma perspectiva histórico-discursiva, é analisada a trajetória de partidos/políticos populistas de direita na Europa e nos Estados Unidos de 1980 a 2013, bem como suas retóricas racistas, xenofóbicas, nacionalistas e antissemitas. Nos EUA, foi estudado o Partido Republicano, mais especificamente o Tea Party – um grupo conservador formado por republicanos que defendem políticas fiscais ultraliberais e a interpretação da constituição segundo as perspectivas e os preconceitos de 1787, quando foi criada – ato que não levaria em consideração as lutas por direitos de LGBT+, negros, mulheres, judeus e outros grupos, que eram negligenciados no período. Estima-se que 10% dos norte-americanos façam parte desse movimento, segundo a autora. Na Europa, ela estuda partidos como UK Indenpendence Party (Reino Unido); British National Party (Reino Unido); Freedom Party of Austria (Austria); Front National (França); Lega Nord (Itália); Alleanza Nazionale (Itália); Five Star Movement (Itália) e Forza Italia (Itália). Mesmo estando em diferentes países, todos esses partidos são anti-imigração e defendem cortes significativos nas políticas públicas de imigração legal, assim como a superioridade de pessoas caucasianas, heterossexuais/cisgêneras e não pobres.
2020: a tecnologia digital já é uma realidade nas escolas rurais?
Authors: Sedrez Nairana Hoffmann , Castro Rafael Vetromille
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho é um estudo de casos múltiplos feito em duas escolas públicas da zona rural de Pelotas-RS, buscando verificar o quão presentes as Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) estão nas aulas no ano de 2020. Pelos dados obtidos em um questionário online, verificou-se que todos os professores reconhecem a importância das TDIC na educação, mas sua frequência de uso ainda é muito baixa.
Infográfico 7 - Pesquisa de opinião
Authors: Gomes Cristina Marques
Published: January 2022

O Projeto Oriente está associado às Disciplinas de Teoria e Método de Pesquisa I e II dos Cursos de Comunicação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Visa dar suporte para o desenvolvimento de materiais didáticos e ferramentas digitais de inovação científica. Iniciou-se em 2020 no contexto do Ensino Remoto a partir da criação de 14 infográficos metodológicos e de 4 podcasts com alunos que estavam em processo ou já tinham defendido o seu Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso. Os infográficos objeto da Seção Experimentação do Periódico Cadernos de Comunicação foram criados em outubro de 2020 pelo monitor da Disciplina de TMPC II, com créditos dos pictogramas para o site “flaticon.com” e utilizando as licenças creative commons BY NC SA. Projeta-se, para o primeiro semestre de 2021, dois eixos de ação com desdobramentos na escrita de Cartilhas e na descoberta de ferramentas digitais de inovação científica. A longo prazo a intenção é a constituição de um banco de dados de informações em diferentes formatos (infográficos, podcast, cartilhas, dentre outros) e ferramentas científicas que contribua para o ensino de Teorias e Métodos de Pesquisa.
Produção de conhecimento em sistemas de integração lavoura pecuária floresta: uma análise cienciométrica
Authors: Silva Hérica André da , Santos Leovigildo Aparecido Costa , Pacheco Abílio Rodrigues , Calil Francine Neves , Silva-Neto Carlos de Melo e
Published: January 2022

A cienciometria estuda, através de indicadores quantitativos, uma disciplina específica da ciência. Sistemas integrados de produção são uma área do conhecimento científico voltadas para o desenvolvimento da produção rural sustentável. Estes sistemas demandam um planejamento adequado e minucioso dos componentes agrícolas florestais e pecuários, para assim, proteger adequadamente os recursos naturais. Estudos cienciométricos auxiliam na análise quantitativa destes estudos e geram instrumentos mais precisos para adoção de políticas públicas e científicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi fazer uma análise cienciométrica da produção de conhecimento para sistemas de integração Lavoura Pecuária Floresta, a nível mundial, de forma a identificar os (a) os autores mais produtivos (b) a evolução histórica do número de publicações e os periódicos que mais publicam em relação ao tema (c) os países que mais produzem conhecimento científico sobre o tema e (d) as principais abordagens que cobrem o tema. Foram recuperados 1592 estudos do banco de dados Web of Science e Scopus compreendendo o período de 1983 a agosto de 2020. O Brasil foi o país com o maior número de publicações sobre sistemas de integração lavoura pecuária floresta. A maioria dos artigos foram caracterizados na área de conhecimento sustentabilidade, biodiversidade e conservação. Nossos resultados indicam que os esforços científicos têm sido destinados aos estudos referentes a práticas sustentáveis de produção e os sistemas integrados vem sido apontado como um potencial sistema de produção que atende as demandas atuais de desenvolvimento sustentável principalmente nos países tropicais em desenvolvimento.
(Digital) PhotoVoice y su papel en el Desarrollo Comunitario y la construcción de la identidad colectiva: hacia una ciudadanía crítica y participativa a través de la educación
Authors: Fernández-Pacheco Sáez Jose Luis , Rasskin-Gutman Irina , Marques Eduardo , Yoshihama Mieko
Published: January 2022

Las sociedades que conforman el planeta, cada vez más globalizadas, requieren la bús- queda del equilibrio entre la poderosa transformación desencadenada por la tecnología digital y la necesidad de conformar sociedades en las que se priorice la igualdad, la justicia, la sostenibilidad ecológica y la resiliencia frente a una crisis sistémica como la actual. Si bien la tecnología digital ha permitido la comunicación y la participación entre segmentos de la sociedad anteriormente aislados y marginados, también ha contribuido a ampliar las brechas de capital social, cultural y financiero. Conscientes de esta realidad, en este trabajo nos centraremos en los aportes que una metodología de Investigación-Acción Participativa como PhotoVoice (C. Wang y Burris, 1994, 1997) aplicada a un contexto digital —en lo que hemos denominado Digital PhotoVoice (Marques, Fernández-Pacheco, y Yoshihama, en prensa)—, tiene para la dinamización de procesos de Desarrollo Comunitario, de construcción de la identidad colectiva, así como para el fortalecimiento de procesos de resiliencia frente a la crisis. Buscamos, de esta manera, un equilibrio en el que los que los avances y herramien- tas de la sociedad digital permitan espacios de transformación y reflexión sobre la sostenibilidad y la justicia social. En este artículo presentamos, en primer lugar, las orientaciones teóricas, filosóficas y epistemológicas de PhotoVoice para, en segundo lugar, exponer algunos casos prácticos en los que se está empleando dicha metodología. Basándonos en nuestra propia experiencia y el trabajo de otros autores, examinaremos las posibilidades y desafíos de PhotoVoice en la era digital y su papel para la transformación social.
The Potential of Land Abandonment in Bogor Regency for Community Forest Enterprises
Authors: Purwawangsa H , Kartodihardjo H , Nurrochmat D R , Rustiadi E
Published: January 2022

The abandoned land and indicated abandoned land are considered critical land or land that is less productive. Those lands covered about 13,000 ha of Bogor Regency area, with the critical land area of around ​​93,467.51 ha (32%). To reduce the area of critical land and increase land productivity in Bogor can be done by optimizing the abandoned land for private forest use. This study aimed to analyze the potential and opportunities for private forest use in abandoned land. The method used was an investigative approach with quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. This study showed that in terms of land characteristics and biophysical conditions, the abandoned land could be developed for private forest business, especially to cultivate forest business, such as sengon (Albizia chinensis), kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii), jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba), mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni), and kayu manis (Cinnamomum verum). The majority of respondents (65%) were willing to do partnerships in private forests. However, several factors are needed to support this business, i.e., regulations in the form of incentives and disincentives from local governments, investors, facilitators, and market access.
Political Economy of Land Use in Indonesia: Trap and Curse of Natural Forests
Authors: Soedomo S
Published: January 2022

The allocation of land use in Indonesia is very ineﬃcient, while the distribution of tenure is unequal. Half of the land for cultivation is held by forestry, and the other half is used by various other sectors. Most Indonesian farmers are small- scale farmers who do not meet economies of scale. Agrarian reforms aimed at overcoming ineﬃciency in land use, eliminating inequality in land tenure, and promoting rural areas’ prosperity need to involve land for cultivation allocated for forestry. This paper is written based on the author’s experience of interacting with various parties related to land issues, forest areas and agrarian reform through various forums, such as oﬃcial meetings, focus group discussions, seminars, workshops, symposiums, one-on-one discussions (interviews), and interactions through social media. Agrarian reform, which has been launched since 1960, has not been able to be realized until today. The fight seems to involve two large groups, namely environmentalists and developmentalists, but this kind of grouping is likely to be misleading. Environmental issues may only be used as an instrument to obtain economic benefits as well, not for the environment itself.
Evaluation of Soft Skill Training to Strengthen Collaborative Management of National Parks in Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Veriasa T O , Muchtar M , Indraswati E , Putri A M
Published: January 2022

A series of soft skill training in four national parks of Sumatera Island were conducted by PILI Green Network NGO, DG of Natural Resources and Essential Ecosystem Conservation of the MoEF, and Sumateran Tiger Project-UNDP for 12 months in 2019. The training aims at improving soft skill capacity of the national park staff on conflict management and collaborative actions with the communities in the buffer zone. This paper aims 1) to evaluate the soft skill training programme achievement by employing Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model; 2) to analyse factors of Training Program participants that influence on the individual soft skill enhancement by using multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that soft skill training was effective to increase the knowledge and skill of the participating staff, especially in participatory approaches, conflict management, and development of a collaborative business model. Three factors, including work experience, the suitability of background education and similar training experience, have significant influences on the individual soft skill enhancement. Training design, which was bottom-up and participatory based on the needs of the resorts as a spearheading of national park management, contributes to the success of the training implementation. The training has created a ‘common room’ for the participating staff and the communities in terms of opening communication and development of collaborative action plans at each national park.
Burning up and burning out. Human Sustainability in a Time of Emotional Climate Change
Authors: Oddi Bahia El , Knoop Carin-Isabel
Published: January 2022

The world is focused on countering climate change to guarantee our survival. But as our planet burns up, we are burning out. The costs of mental health disorders dwarf those of climate change and yet do not get commensurate attention from global leaders. Health care providers and organizations have acted first but need support of the financial markets and public decision-makers. In this paper, we argue that the economic and social toll of mental health and wellbeing issues deserve equal attention from business and public leaders because Human Sustainability is as important as Environmental Sustainability for our ability to endure and thrive as a species in harmony with others.
Global Inclusion, Diversity, Belonging, Equity, and Access - GIDBEA. The Architecture of A New Different
Authors: Coleman Lisa
Published: January 2022

The article asserts the need for organizations to adopt intentional and transformative Global Inclusion, Diversity, Belonging, Equity, and Access (GIDBEA) practices, to ensure their future readiness. The research developed reaffirms the benefits of GIDBEA strategies in identifying gap areas and navigating crises, by providing insights on how to successfully embed a ‘new different’ GIDBEA strategy into organizational frameworks. By drawing trends across the 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic and other previous health and economic crises, it is indicated what is described as the “normality of disruption” and the need to move away from the idea of a ‘new normal’ to a new different. The new different acknowledges that the ‘normal’ or the status quo was often challenging for many. The impact and importance of the disruptions that individuals, communities, nations, etc., all have and will face together, is also recognized. The new different emphasizes organizational transformation through co-creation, sustainability, adaptivity, resilience, and design thinking. By implementing a design thinking model, GIDBEA proactively engages mistakes while promoting innovation through dissent and disruption. As a result, disruptions are not considered episodic crises but as recurring, expected, and presenting opportunities. Furthermore, it is argued that GIDBEA expertise is essential for remaining agile, innovative, and providing strategic organizational architecture to prepare and innovate for these disruptions. However, it is necessary to consider that GIDBEA practice can be limited due to the failure of organizations and leaders to frame it as an asset and develop strategic plans to leverage it in the same way they do other critical functional business units. Therefore, unless prioritized and conducted intentionally, GIDBEA work will not achieve its promised bonuses and transformative potential. The article offers readers insights and tools to assess existing GIDBEA within their organization. Using metaphors of “construction” and “architecture,” it illustrates how reimaging organizational architectures and constructing initiatives focused on GIDBEA are fundamental to resiliency, organizational sustainability, and the ability to thrive through shifting landscapes.
Community of Practice as a teaching approach in a postgraduate environment. An insider ethnography of a higher education institution in South Africa
Authors: Tandlich Roman
Published: January 2022

This auto-ethnographic description of the experiences in the development of the teaching and learning approach, at the postgraduate level, introduces the impact of the community of practice in the development of the learning processes in South Africa, with an international view. The principles of community of practice are outlined and the theoretical grounding is provided in terms of the notion of assemblage theory, the definitions of fundamental and derivative epistemic authority, as well as the assemblage boundary and the personal intents of the community of practice members. The theoretical grounding is then applied through several iterations of the community of practice between 2006 and present. The adaptive nature of the community of practice as an assemblage and the function as a sociology-of-knowledge system are outlined.
Family Violence Resolution Strategies. Legal Prevention and Education Against Ignorance
Authors: Mukhitdinova Firuza
Published: January 2022

The article analyses the strategies for reducing the phenomena of domestic violence, focusing on the legal preventive measures. It highlights the historical aspects of the problem, by referring to the legal framework, in trying to overcome it. By introducing the causes and the nature of the domestic violence in Uzbekistan, leveraging into a theoretical, historical and legal analysis, social measures are weighted in relation to the domestic violence. The methodological approaches in the study of social processes of domestic violence are used meanwhile evaluating the social consequences of domestic violence, considering the correlation between the increased instability in the society and the level of social dissatisfaction of the population. The paper, by referring to the Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Protection of Women from Oppression and Violence”, as well as to several other laws and regulations on regard, makes a review to the reforms and notebooks such as “iron notebook”, “youth” and “women”, where special attention is paid to the correlations between unemployment of youth and women and the phenomena of domestic violence.
Intuitive Learning in Moral Awareness. Cognitive-Affective Processes in Mencius’ Innatist Theory
Authors: Sertdemir İlknur
Published: January 2022

Mencius, referred to as second sage in Chinese philosophy history, grounds his theory about original goodness of human nature on psychological components by bringing in something new down ancient ages. Including the principles of virtuous action associated with Confucius to his doctrine, but by composing them along psychosocial development, he theorizes utterly out of the ordinary that makes all the difference to the school. In his argument stated a positive opinion, he explains the method of forming individuals’ moral awareness by means of inseparable integrity of feelings and thoughts, saying human being are born innately good. According to Mencius, heart-mind correlation is the motivational complement of inner incentives. Knowledge and virtue, which are extensions of inborn goodness, comprehended intuitively; then affective motives respond to circumstance, what is learned transmits to cognitive process and eventually behavior emerges. Comparing during the years of Warring State period he lived, in western geography Aristotle, who is one of the pioneers of Greek philosophy, argues deductive and inductive methods in mental activity. On the other hand, Mencius uses analogical reasoning throughout his self-titled work. This essay is an attempt to assert that most postulates of developmental theories, which have been considered an integral part of modern psychology, begin with Mencius in early era. Secondly, this study also aims to discuss the main paradigm of Mencius across emotivist-rationalist opposition, which keeps emotion above thought as well as reason above emotion.
Conflictos y estrategias de reivindicación territorial en la comunidad diaguita Pueblo Tolombón, valle de Choromoro (Noroeste argentino)
Authors: Manzanelli Macarena Del Pilar
Published: January 2022

In this article, I analyze territorializing practices / practices of territorialization, and the assertion of a sense of belonging made by the Pueblo Tolombón community (Choromoro Valley, Tucumán, Argentina). The analysis is conducted in a context of state recognition of ethnic difference and, at the same time, of increasing conflicts in the area over the last five years. I investigate the creation of territorial markers, such as the renovation with Diaguita symbols on the façade of the Primary Health Care Centre at the Gonzalo base, and the display of material objects or materialities belonging to Diaguita ancestors in schools throughout the region. The following questions triggered this analysis: What were the motives behind the making of these territorial markers? How were they constituted? What criteria did Tolombones consider in order to select certain elements? And, what spaces were selected to make them visible? The analysis is based on interdisciplinary approaches —such as anthropology, critical geography, and archaeology— that problematize the notions of spatiality, the agency of excluded sectors, and cultural heritage. The method I used to carry out this work was ethnographic. Participant observation and interview techniques were used between 2017 and 2019. To conclude this analysis, I can affirm that through these initiatives, the Tolombones positioned themselves as political and legal subjects by reaffirming their sense of belonging and by self-determinedly managing their material culture. The community used these markers to delegitimize stigmatizing images created by the dominant sectors —state and landowners— that have portrayed them as relics of the past. The case study contributes to studies that reveal the spiritual and community meanings interwoven around territorial practices and uses of materialities that are no longer considered fossilized or commodified objects. These practices, in turn, constitute the affective, political, and grief-based foundations of the processes of territorial claims and hold the potential to exhibit other possible cartographies and temporalities. Such practices explore dynamic past-present continuities, with no divisions. Finally, this work calls on us, on the one hand, to investigate how these territorializing practices influence processes of ethnic re-emergence and, on the other, to rethink paternalistic and essentialist logics of ethno-governmental management.
The NDNF-like factor Nord is a Hedgehog-induced extracellular BMP modulator that regulates Drosophila wing patterning and growth
Authors: Yang Shu , Wu Xuefeng , Daoutidou Euphrosyne I , Zhang Ya , Shimell MaryJane , Chuang Kun-Han , Peterson Aidan J , O'Connor Michael B , Zheng Xiaoyan
Published: January 2022

Hedgehog (Hh) and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) pattern the developing Drosophila wing by functioning as short- and long-range morphogens, respectively. Here, we show that a previously unknown Hh-dependent mechanism fine-tunes the activity of BMPs. Through genome-wide expression profiling of the Drosophila wing imaginal discs, we identify nord as a novel target gene of the Hh signaling pathway. Nord is related to the vertebrate Neuron-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (NDNF) involved in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and several types of cancer. Loss- and gain-of-function analyses implicate Nord in the regulation of wing growth and proper crossvein patterning. At the molecular level, we present biochemical evidence that Nord is a secreted BMP-binding protein and localizes to the extracellular matrix. Nord binds to Decapentaplegic (Dpp) or the heterodimer Dpp-Glass-bottom boat (Gbb) to modulate their release and activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Nord is a dosage-dependent BMP modulator, where low levels of Nord promote and high levels inhibit BMP signaling. Taken together, we propose that Hh-induced Nord expression fine-tunes both the range and strength of BMP signaling in the developing Drosophila wing.
Sixteenth-century tomatoes in Europe: who saw them, what they looked like, and where they came from
Authors: van Andel Tinde , Vos Rutger A. , Michels Ewout , Stefanaki Anastasia
Published: January 2022

Background

Soon after the Spanish conquest of the Americas, the first tomatoes were presented as curiosities to the European elite and drew the attention of sixteenth-century Italian naturalists. Despite of their scientific interest in this New World crop, most Renaissance botanists did not specify where these ‘golden apples’ or ‘pomi d’oro’ came from. The debate on the first European tomatoes and their origin is often hindered by erroneous dating, botanical misidentifications and inaccessible historical sources. The discovery of a tomato specimen in the sixteenth-century ‘En Tibi herbarium’ kept at Leiden, the Netherlands, triggered research on its geographical provenance and morphological comparison to other tomato specimens and illustrations from the same time period.

Methods

Recent digitization efforts greatly facilitate research on historic botanical sources. Here we provide an overview of the ten remaining sixteenth-century tomato specimens, early descriptions and 13 illustrations. Several were never published before, revealing what these tomatoes looked like, who saw them, and where they came from. We compare our historical findings with recent molecular research on the chloroplast and nuclear DNA of the ‘En Tibi’ specimen.

Results

Our survey shows that the earliest tomatoes in Europe came in a much wider variety of colors, shapes and sizes than previously thought, with both simple and fasciated flowers, round and segmented fruits. Pietro Andrea Matthioli gave the first description of a tomato in 1544, and the oldest specimens were collected by Ulisse Aldrovandi and Francesco Petrollini in c. 1551, possibly from plants grown in the Pisa botanical garden by their teacher Luca Ghini. The oldest tomato illustrations were made in Germany and Switzerland in the early 1550s, but the Flemish Rembert Dodoens published the first image in 1553. The names of early tomatoes in contemporary manuscripts suggest both a Mexican and a Peruvian origin. The ‘En Tibi’ specimen was collected by Petrollini around 1558 and thus is not the oldest extant tomato. Recent molecular research on the ancient nuclear and chloroplast DNA of the En Tibi specimen clearly shows that it was a fully domesticated tomato, and genetically close to three Mexican landraces and two Peruvian specimens that probably also had a Mesoamerican origin. Molecular research on the other sixteenth-century tomato specimens may reveal other patterns of genetic similarity, past selection processes, and geographic origin. Clues on the ‘historic’ taste and pest resistance of the sixteenth-century tomatoes will be difficult to predict from their degraded DNA, but should be rather sought in those landraces in Central and South America that are genetically close to them. The indigenous farmers growing these traditional varieties should be supported to conserve these heirloom varietiesin-situ.
Selected Metal Contents and Phytochemical Profiling of Ficus capreifolia and Mangifera indica Commonly used Antidiabetic Plants from Oil Producing Region of Nigeria
Authors: Gbenenee Tetam, Jack , Owhonda Wegwu, Matthew , Chidinma Ikewuchi, Catherine
Published: January 2022

Aim: The study evaluated selected metal contents and phytochemicals present in Ficus capreifolia and Mangifera indica extracts commonly used antidiabetic plants from Aluu and Bodo communities in Rivers State, Nigeria.  

Place and Duration of Study: University of Port-Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria and its environs was used between June to November, 2020.

Methodology: Composite soil samples and the leaves of Ficus capreifolia and Mangifera indica were collected from Bodo and Aluu communities respectively. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was employed for the analysis of the metals (Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, As and Cr). The plant extracts were screened for the presence of various phytochemicals using spectrophotometric methods.

Results: Flavonoid, Saponins, Tannins, Alkaloids. Terpenoid, Glycoside and Carotenoid were detected in Ficus carpreifolia obtained from Bodo and Aluu communities while Magnifera indica obtained from both communities has Alkaloids, Phenols, Flavonoids, Saponins and Tannins detected. Metals such as Zn, Pb, Mn, Fe and As were detected at Bodo and Aluu soil samples.  Cu, Ni and Cr were below the detectable limit. Zn, Pb and As were above the permissible limit in Bodo soil samples while only As was above the permissible limit in Aluu community. In the plant samples, only Mn was present and was within the permissible limit in plants samples obtained from Bodo and Aluu communities while Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cu, As and Cr were below the detectable limit.

Conclusion: The study shows that Ficus capriefolia and Mangifera indica do not bioaccumulate  Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb, As and Cr  and this may be attributed to the  metal intolerance potential of the plants, hence no fear of metal toxicity when using these plants  for medicinal purposes. The presence of saponins, tannins and flavonoid affirmed the hypoglycemic potentials of the plants.
The Effectiveness of Online Teaching-Learning System: A Study Based on the Experiences of UG Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nath Smita
Published: January 2022

This paper attempts to study the effectiveness of online mode of teaching-learning system based on a statistical survey on the experiences of 545 UG students of some colleges (affiliated to the University of Calcutta) of Kolkata, India, who attended online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Chi-square test of independence is used to study the roles of gender, programme of study and residential location of the students in the usefulness of online mode of teaching. The results indicate that gender, residential area and programme of study were significant factors determining usefulness of the online mode. The female students reported more about the negative aspects of online classes like logistic and physical problems compared to the male students but the aspects like level of satisfaction, motivation for study, self-study inclination, better understanding etc. were positively conveyed by the female students. The students from rural area seemed to lack motivation for study, self-study inclination, better understanding etc. more compared to those from urban area. Further, it is revealed that online system led to more inclination towards self-study and enhanced level of understanding. But decrease in motivation for study and lack of interaction with the teachers were common responses of the students.
Navigating the National Geographic Standards in the Philippine Social Studies Curriculum
Authors: Gil Tyrone O. , Destura Ryan G.
Published: January 2022

The social studies discipline as a multidisciplinary and integrative curriculum includes geographic literacy and spatial thinking as part of its academic nature in developing young learners to become informed and reasoned decision-makers in participating in a culturally diverse, democratic, and interdependent society. Geography education has an anticipated space at the heart of the social studies curriculum next to history. In a social studies classroom, geographical skills and knowledge have been used to interpret the past and analyze the future. This exploration navigated and evaluated the alignment of the social studies curriculum standards and competencies to the National Geographic Standards of the NCGE and explored the common teaching approaches in facilitating geographic education in the basic education curriculum. Using qualitative content analysis, the researchers examined the curriculum guide as the main document supplemented with the learner’s module and teacher’s guide. The findings revealed significant curriculum alignment and learner-centered teaching approaches in geography education.
An Alternative Hybrid Estimator of Finite Population Mean in Simple Random Sampling
Authors: Uba T. , Ikughur A. J. , Nwaosu S. C.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we propose an alternative hybrid estimator of finite population mean in simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR). This proposed estimator is a modification of Rashid et al. [1] estimator. The expressions for the bias and Mean Square Error (MSE) of the estimator are derived. A comprehensive simulation study to show the efficacy of the estimator as compared to conventional estimators using Coefficient of Variation as a performance measure. The results are also supported with empirical illustrations using real life data which have shown that the proposed estimator was more efficient than almost all the existing estimators considered in this study.
Covid-19 and Routine Vaccination Programme: Did it Affect Badly?
Authors: Abbas Jaigam , Kumar Ashvani , Saif Mohammad , Malhotra Rishabh , Arif Hussain Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Background: The impact of COVID-19 on general health care delivery systems has been huge including the immunization services. Several measures were taken by most of the government all over the world to prevent the spread of infection such as lockdown, wearing masks, social distancing, etc. People have suffered a lot during the pandemic, not only due to the burden of the disease but have also faced difficulties in other domains of life. One of the important concerns is the interruption of routine immunization services. The consequences of interrupted immunization services may be life-threatening, as chances of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) in susceptible children could be high.

Aim:  To find out delay in routine immunization services during covid-19 and also to determine the factors associated with delay in immunization.

Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional hospital-based observational study at Career Institute Of Medical Sciences And Hospital, Lucknow, India. We collected the vaccination record after lockdown from Well-Baby Clinic and telephonically from the parents, starting from 1st June 2020 till 31st December 2020. We checked the records of vaccination of infants to find out delay in the vaccinations, as per the National Immunization Schedule. The records of a total of 265 infants were enrolled. Out of which, 33 did not fit the inclusion criteria and therefore were excluded from this study.

Results: Findings of our study pointed that there was significant delay in routine immunization among infants. The factors responsible for delay in different vaccination observed in this study were, Phobia of COVID-19- 20%, lockdown- 22%, interruption of routine health services-15%, social myths-8%, poor transport facility- 10%, illness of child- 8%, did not notice- 3% and multiple factors- 13%.

Conclusion: COVID -19 pandemic has affected the routine immunization services that results in delay of different vaccines at different ages which may lead to outbreak of vaccine preventable diseases, so it is need of the hour to intervene at the earliest to prevent such outbreaks among children.
Routine Use of Condom as an Ultrasound Probe Cover to Prevent Cross Infection in COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Mustahsin Mohd , Srivastava Amit , Pal Krochi , Singh Puspraj
Published: January 2022

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Interactions of Undescribed Drilus Beetle Larvae with Pestiferous Limicolaria flammea (Gastropoda: Achatinidae): Are There Prospects for Biocontrol?
Authors: Omotoso Abiodun Borisade, , Yakubu Ismaila Uwaidem, , Falade Moses J.
Published: January 2022

The garden snail, Limicolaria flammea is a seasonal pest of several horticultural crops in most of the agroecological areas in Nigeria. The level of damage to crops is especially enormous in the South because of its ability to feed on different crops and the timing of abundance, the early rain season, which usually coincide with onset of rain-fed crop production which expose seedlings and grown-up crop plants to serious damage. In this study, we recorded occurrence data of Limicolaria flammea in okra, carrot, sweet potato, lettuce and maize within a single multi-crop organic farm in order to understand its food preference. Activities of the predatory beetle larvae, Drilus sp was observed within the environment. The appearance of the larvae was described and its interaction with L. flammea was studied to generate some data on the proportions of snail mortality caused by Drilus sp and other mortality factors that naturally regulate the population dynamics of L. flammea within the environment. There was no statistically significant difference in the average number of snails recorded in the different cropping fields [F (4,15) =1.369, P=0.291]. The activities of Drilus larvae against L. flammea was higher in okra and carrot plots as snail mortality due to the larvae attack were significantly higher compared to what was recorded in other crop plots [F (4, 30) =3.998, P=0.01].The Drilus larvae predate on L. flammea by appertural entry, biting through the soft tissues around the mantle to gain entrance and moult into instar larvae within the snail shell in 15-20 days, leaving its exuviae behind in the shell in all the specimens observed (n=40). The Drilus species being reported in this study is morphologically distinct from other described species in available literature. The study suggested that the Drilus species is less known and there are potentials that the species could be useful in inundative biocontrol approaches for the management of pestiferous gastropod populations.
Exploring the Relationship between Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Advanced Breeding Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Mushtaq Danish , Kumar Bupesh , Singh Praveen , Sharma Manmohan , Sheera Ashish
Published: January 2022

Aim: Present study endeavors to explore the genetic variability for various agro-morphological and quality traits as well as to delineate the association between grain yield and its yield attributing components

Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design

Place and Duration of Study: Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, She-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu during kharif 2020.

Methodology: A experiment was carried out to determine the association between grain yield and yield attributing components among advanced breeding lines of rice to establish a well grounded selection criteria for developing rice varieties with improved grain yield. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was found to be relatively greater than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for most of traits indicating role of environment in the phenotypic expression of traits. Characters viz., plant height, total number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, panicle length and grain yield per plant exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating their efficient inheritance from preceding generations.

Results: Association studies indicated that characters viz., Plant height, total number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, panicle length, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant had a significant positive relationship with grain yield per plot indicating their role in breeding rice varieties for higher grain yield.

Conclusion: Cause and effect relationship revealed that traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, total number of tillers per plant, days to maturity, panicle length and grain yield per plant can be exploited for indirect selection for improving grain yield.