bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The New Public/Private Equilibrium and the Regulation of Public Companies
Authors: Elisabeth de Fontenay  , Gabriel Rauterberg
Published: March 2022

This Symposium Article examines how the public/private divide works today and maps out some of the potential implications for major issues in securities law. Classic debates in securities law were often predicated on the idea that public companies are a coherent class of firms that differ markedly from private companies. For more than fifty years after the adoption of the federal securities laws, this view was justified. During that period, the vast majority of successful and growing private firms eventually accepted the regulatory obligations of being public in order to access a wider and deeper pool of capital, among other benefits. This was a descriptive reality, but it had important normative implications as well. An identifiable class of large, growing firms went public, and they generally went public for a reason they shared: raising capital. As a result, regulatory interventions imposed on the category of “public companies” had a coherent target. 

We argue that firms’ going public decisions are now shaped by a much larger and more varied set of factors. These factors are complex, cross-cutting, and impact firms considering going public in very heterogeneous ways. This complexity results from several developments and we emphasize two. First, it is a result of the fact that while the public/private divide was created by securities law, public and private markets now provide two widely different ecologies for firms, which profoundly shape firms’ governance as well as the issuance and trading of their shares. Second, long-term advances in the ease of capital raising in private markets have made it possible for firms to remain private indefinitely and have diminished or eliminated the capital-raising advantages of public markets. The result of this latter change has been rightly called a “new equilibrium.” In that equilibrium, fewer and older firms go public, while other successful firms remain private indefinitely. In this equilibrium, capital raising is no longer the primary reason firms go public. Rather, we argue, firms go public due to one or more of the many other features of the public market’s ecology. 

The normative implication of this new equilibrium is to reduce the coherency of the regulation of public companies. The benefits and costs of being public (or private) apply unevenly to firms eligible to go public. Instead, to a greater degree firms now face idiosyncratic, company-specific tradeoffs between being public or private, and they often go public for reasons unrelated to the original design of the public/private divide. Regulations imposed on public firms are likely to not only be increasingly under- and over-inclusive, but also to apply to a class of companies whose coherency as an economic phenomenon may be increasingly suspect.
Spoofing and its Regulation
Authors: Merritt B. Fox  , Lawrence R. Glosten  , Sue S. Guan
Published: March 2022

Nearly a century after the United States enacted its first securities laws, urgent questions remain as to the scope of manipulation law: whether manipulation is possible in principle, and if so, how the law should respond in practice. Sharp disagreement among courts, economists, and legal scholars as to whether trading or quoting activity constitutes illegal manipulation has led to a legal framework that lacks precision and cogency. Moreover, the poorly articulated normative basis for court rulings has resulted in enforcement that is both under-inclusive and over-inclusive in ways that do a poor job of discouraging socially harmful transactions and enabling socially beneficial ones. 

This Article seeks to clarify this confusion. Drawing on microstructure and financial economics, this Article offers a new understanding of a common kind of quote-driven manipulation, often referred to as “spoofing.” By employing an analytical and normative framework developed previously by two of the authors in assessing another major form of manipulation, trade-driven manipulation, this Article assesses the impact of spoofing on what occurs in the securities markets and carefully evaluates its effects on social welfare and economic efficiency. The result is a new understanding of quote-based manipulation that helps resolve essential questions in manipulation law and provides guidance for future regulation and enforcement.
The Emergence of the Actively Managed ETF
Authors: Kevin S. Haeberle
Published: March 2022

Since the first exchange-traded fund began trading in 1993, the ETF form has attracted enormous investment flows. However, this triumph of the ETF has been overwhelmingly limited the world of passive investment. Due to a mix of recent market innovation and regulatory change, this state of affairs is changing today. As I explain in this Article, there is much reason to believe that the actively managed ETF is now set to emerge as a significant feature of the investment landscape. And this emergence has important implications for, among others, the main parties that play key roles in protecting investors (namely, the Securities and Exchange Commission as well as investment intermediaries).
Risky Business
Authors: Charles K. Whitehead
Published: March 2022

The Securities Act of 1933 is tied to transactions in securities, rather than the risk of those securities, an approach that reflects the risk management of the times. Managing risk through diversification did not occur until twenty years later, and a further twenty years passed before new instruments were created to facilitate the transfer of discrete portions of financial risk. For much of the capital markets, this shift resulted in a separation between the risk associated with individual securities and the securities themselves. The idiosyncratic risk of individual securities now matters less than its impact on a portfolio’s total risk. 

In response, SEC disclosure requirements increasingly have facilitated cross-company comparisons and portfolio-level investment decisions. Nevertheless, the growing separation between risk and the instruments evidencing that risk, and the ability today to manage and transfer risk by itself, prompts a question: Should we begin reconsidering the Securities Act’s approach to regulation, moving from requirements tied to transactions in securities towards requirements that reflect the management and transfer of risk? 

There is certainly merit to doing so, but we may be limited by the practical difficulty of tracing risk in today’s capital markets. For now, regulation’s practical reach may fall short of contemporary investment and risk management strategies. While regulatory responses are possible, there is likely to continue to be a tension between the requirements of the Securities Act and the risk-based approach to investing taken by institutions whose investments comprise most of the transactions subject to the Securities Act.
Using the SNAPPS model to develop student physical therapist decision-making skills during new patient encounters in the outpatient clinic: a pilot study
Authors: Berg-Poppe Patti J. , Dewald Matt , Jordre Becca , Karges-Brown Joy R. , Ladwig Adam
Published: March 2022

Rationale: The SNAPPS (summarize, narrow, analyze, probe, plan, select) model is a six-step teaching tool that facilitates decision-making in clinic environments. The tool promotes active communication between students and clinical instructors (CIs) and positions the student as lead in the learning scenario. The current study employed the SNAPPS model for use with student physical therapists. The purpose of the study was to gauge changes in perceptions of verbal ability, decision-making, and confidence levels following new patient evaluations where the SNAPPS model was utilized.
Methods: Participating student and CI partners received training to learn the SNAPPS model with fidelity. Log worksheets guided students through the SNAPPS steps. After new patient encounters, student and CI partners rated student verbal skills, decision-making, and confidence levels using mirrored statements. Representative early, middle, and late week ratings were compared for change.
Results: Six of forty-eight (12.5%) eligible students participated. Student and CI assessments were not significantly different, indicating reliable student self-assessment. Improvements were noted in students’ (1) skill in providing a verbal rationale, (2) ability to generate thoughtful and relevant learning prompts, (3) confidence in diagnosing pathology and impairment, and (4) confidence in selecting an appropriate intervention.
Clinical relevance: The SNAPPS model is a clinical education tool that shows promise toward improving thought process verbalization and confidence levels for the student seeing new patients in an outpatient setting. This active learning experience can promote accountability for learning and enhance student verbal and analytical skills.
Three Brothers, Thrice Six Years Old: Thomas de Keyser’s Riddle Solved
Authors: Grijzenhout Frans
Published: March 2022

Since the painting was acquired by the Rijksmuseum in 1987, the identity of the three Catholic boys portrayed by Thomas de Keyser around 1630 had always been a mystery. Now this riddle has been solved. They are the brothers Hendrick (1616-1666), Jan (1623/24-1669/70) and Simon Verstegen (-1629). Their parents were important players in the organization of the clandestine Roman Catholic church in Amsterdam in the first decades of the seventeenth century. They were the immediate neighbours of Thomas de Keyser’s parents-in-law in Amsterdam’s Vijgendam. The naked state of Simon, who died young, was probably intended as an exhortation to the viewer to follow Christ in poverty and simplicity. The article explores the lives of the brothers Hendrick and Jan Verstegen, and Jan’s wife Adriana van den Berch, who was portrayed as the muse Euterpe by Jacob Backer. De Keyser’s portrait was probably in the Truchsessian Gallery in London between 1802 and 1806.
The Stained-Glass Windows in the Entrance Hall of the Rijksmuseum: A Coloured National Art History
Authors: Van Leeuwen Julia
Published: March 2022

Little attention has thus far been paid to the creation of the stained-glass windows in the Rijksmuseum’s Entrance Hall. However, a study of the pictorial programme for the windows reveals some remarkable choices. Driven by the ambition to present a broader overview of Dutch culture than had been disseminated until that time, the Catholic trio of Pierre Cuypers, Victor de Stuers and Joseph Alberdingk Thijm designed an iconographic programme for the stained-glass windows in the Entrance Hall. The programme for the stained-glass windows gives an overview of the major representatives of Dutch art history. Striking among them are two artists from the Northern Netherlands – Willem van Heerle and Jan van Terwen – who played almost no role in the Dutch art-historical canon at that time. The fact that these relatively unknown artists feature in the pictorial programme for the windows clearly indicates that the emphasis lies on the Roman Catholic Middle Ages and shows that it is a coloured version of Dutch art history.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığının Rekreatif Faaliyetlere Katılım Davranışları Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: GEDİK Sinem , GEZGİN Deniz Mertkan
Published: March 2022

Çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencileri arasında akıllı telefon bağımlılığını rekreatif faaliyetlere katılım davranışları
açısından incelemektir. Çalışma grubunu Marmara bölgesinde bulunan farklı üniversitelerde öğrenim gören
591 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Genel tarama yöntemi ile desenlenen çalışmanın veri analiz sürecinde
betimsel istatistikler ve tek yönlü varyans analizinden (ANOVA) yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre
üniversite öğrencilerinin akıllı telefon bağımlılığının düşük seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Üniversite öğrencilerinin
rekreatif faaliyetlere katılım düzeyleri incelendiğinde ise yürümek, topla oynamak, akraba ziyaretleri yapmak, dışarıda
yemek yeme ve piknik yapmak faaliyetlerinin sıklıkla tercih edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Rekreatif faaliyetlere katılan
gruplar arasında akıllı telefon bağımlılığı açısından farkların ortaya konulması için yürütülen analizler sonucunda
bazı fiziksel, sosyal, kültürel-sanatsal, turistik ve diğer rekreatif faaliyetlere katılan üniversite öğrencilerinin bu
faaliyetlere katılmayanlara göre akıllı telefon bağımlılığının daha düşük düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma
sonucunda, serbest zamanlarında rekreatif faaliyetlere katılım sağlayan üniversite öğrencilerinin akıllı telefon
bağımlılığı riskinin düşük olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca, akıllı telefon bağımlılığının üniversite öğrencileri arasında
yaygınlaşma riskinin arttığı bu postmodern dönemde elde edilen bulguların teknoloji bağımlılığı uzmanları ve
alanyazın açısından yol gösterici nitelikte olduğu düşünülmektedir.
The mediation-moderation effect on the nexus between social media adoption, customer satisfac-tion, social media competence and SMEs performance during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Olaleye Banji Rildwan , Hamdan Sameer , Awwad Razan Ibrahim
Published: March 2022

Numerous studies have been conducted on individual and organizational adoption of social media, and many of these studies were conducted in advanced economies by focusing on large corporations. This study addresses the gap by examining the use of social media by SMEs in West Africa, notably Nigeria. Using a structured questionnaire, 682 small business owners were questioned regarding their thoughts on social media adoption: cost, privacy, convenience, and quality of service. The PLS-SEM result reveals a structural relationship between social media adoption and SME performance. Due to the substantial change in operations induced by COVID-19, enterprises are increasing their involvement in social media marketing to improve performance, and the competence of social media strengthens the effect on customer satisfaction.
A Study to assess the Effectiveness of Meir Schneider Method on Visual Acuity among Children in Alchemy Public School, Coimbatore
Authors: Priscilla M. Kamal , K. Jeyabarathi
Published: March 2022

Objectives: 1) To assess the Visual acuity of the children. 2) To provide Meir Schneider method to enhance the visual acuity of the children. 3) To evaluate the effectiveness of the Meir Schneider method in the Children. 4) To find the association between the level of Myopia and selected Variables of children with Myopia. Methodology: The design adopted for this study was Pre-Experimental One Group Pre test Post test research design. Setting of the study was Alchemy school, Coimbatore. The sample size was 30. Simple Random Sampling technique was used. Meir Schneider method mainly consists of steps such as Palming, Massage, Blinking and Shifting. The effectiveness of Meir Schneider methods were measured by Snellen chart. Result: The calculated paired ‘t’ value for level of myopia in right eye is 4.30 and in left eye is 4.24. The finding revealed that there was a significant difference exists among before intervention and after intervention scores after proving Meir Schneider method. Conclusion: The report of this study revealed with the evidence that Meir Schneider method brings substantial improvement in the child’s visual acuity.
Effectiveness of Primary Nursing Assignment based on NTISS (Neonatal Therapeutic Interventional Scoring System)
Authors: Ravichandran Shanthi
Published: March 2022

Nursing methods have evolved over times and has reached unimaginable bounds. However traditionally four nursing models have been described based on which the current nursing systems have been adopted. They are i) Team nursing ii) Functional Nursing both of which are task oriented and iii) Primary nursing and iv) Total patient care which are patient oriented.

Primary nursing is one where a single nurse or two to three nurses round a clock are assigned a patient from admission till recovery. The concept involves developing a one-to-one nurse-family relationship, empowering nurses to make care plan, monitor and follow up patients assigned to them, and patient assignment based on proficiency level of the nurse.
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding Prevention of Neonatal Hypothermia among Primipara mothers of selected hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Authors: Anupriya Anupriya
Published: March 2022

Newborn baby is a homoeothermic, but his ability to stay warm may easily be overwhelmed by extremes of environmental temperatures. During the first 28 days of life, the child is at highest risk of dying. Hypothermia is considered as silent killer in neonates. Since thermal regulation of the neonate is of vital importance in sustaining life, the mother must be able to assess the neonates condition and thus to maintain the temperature within a normal range. To assess the effectiveness of PTP on knowledge regarding prevention of neonatal hypothermia among primipara mothers & find association between knowledge score and selected demographic variables was the main objective of the present study. Pre experimental, one group pre-test-post test design was used. 50 primipara mothers admitted in Govt. Doon Medical College, Dehradun were selected by non probability purposive sampling technique. A structured interview schedule was used to assess the knowledge and PTP was administered to find its effectiveness. The collected data was analysed by using descriptive & inferential statistics. The study reveals that the mean of post-test knowledge score 22.76 (75.87%) was higher than the mean of pre-test knowledge score 14.48 (48.27%). The calculated paired‘t’ value is greater than the table value (0.05, 49df) = 26.561which shows a significant difference between mean pre and post-test knowledge scores. Also there was significant association of the level of knowledge with educational status, occupational status and previous knowledge at 0.05 degree of freedom. The findings of the study showed that there was a deficit in knowledge of primipara mothers before administration of PTP. The result indicated that the PTP was effective in increasing the knowledge of primipara mothers on prevention of neonatal hypothermia.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Level of Knowledge and Practice on Domestic Chlorination of Well Among Homemakers of The Selected Urban Community in Kachery, Thrissur
Authors: A. J. Deleena , George Delna Mary , Joseph Delsey , Rajan Dona M. , Joy Jisna , Joseph Josmy , Ajayakumar Lakshmi , Johny Mariya , Ulahannan Ambily , Jacob Seeja , Gnanadurai Angela
Published: March 2022

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on level of knowledge and practice of domestic chlorination of well among home makers of the selected urban community in Kachery, Thrissur. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and practice on domestic chlorination of well among homemakers of the selected urban community in Kachery, Thrissur, before and after intervention. To compare the level of knowledge and practice on domestic chlorination of well among homemakers of the selected urban community in Kachery, Thrissur. To correlate the knowledge and practice on domestic chlorination of well among homemakers of the selected urban community in Kachery, Thrissur. after. Methodology: A Pre experimental one group - pretest - post test design is adopted to the present study. We selected 40 samples through non probability Purposive Sampling Technique. Domestic chlorination awareness questionnaire was administered by interview method for assessing pretest level of knowledge. After the pretest, a structured teaching programme was given to the subjects and post test was conducted on the 4th day with same questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the demographic data contain frequency and percentage distribution of samples showed that with regard to age, majority of the samples 22 (55%) were the group of 46-55 years age, most of the samples 21 (52.50%) had ≤4 members and 6 (7.50%) had only six members. Regarding the religion, most of them were 35 (87.50%) Christian and only 5 (12.50%) belongs to Hindu religion. Majority 34 (85%) of samples were unemployed. With regard to education, 15(37.50%) of samples were primary educated and 14 (35%) were secondary educated and only11 927.50%) were graduated. In the post test checklist, 100% had adequate knowledge regarding the steps of chlorination. There is highly positive correlation between post test knowledge and practice Discussion: At the end of the study, investigation team found that the level of knowledge of homemakers on domestic chlorination of well were inadequate before the administration of structured teaching programme. The structured teaching programme was able to provide more knowledge about domestic chlorination of well, which was evident in the post test knowledge score.
A Study to assess the efficacy of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Internet addiction among students in selected commerce colleges at Rajkot
Authors: B. Archana
Published: March 2022

A Study To Assess The Efficacy Of Video Assisted Teaching Program me On Internet Addiction Among Students In Selected Commerce Colleges At Rajkot. The Objectives of the study were a) To assess the knowledge regarding internet addiction among students in selected commerce colleges b) To assess the efficacy of video assisted teaching program me on internet addiction among students in selected commerce colleges c) To find out the association between post test level of knowledge with their selected demographic variables. A quantitative research approach was used in the study to assess the efficacy of this study. The study was conducted in smt.M.T. Damsania commerce college, Rajkot. The findings of the study revealed that there was a marked increase in knowledge of students after exposing them to video assisted teaching program me on internet addiction. The mean pre-test knowledge score of subjects was 10.16 with mean percentage of 63.33, where as mean post-test knowledge score of subjects was 20.09 with mean percentage of 83.89. The mean post -test knowledge score was found to be significantly higher than pre-test knowledge score at 0.05 level of significance (t39= 23.816, p<0.01).
Awareness Among Junior High School Students Regarding Swach Bharat, Swach Vidhyalaya (SBSV) Mission, Uttarakhand.
Authors: Sharma Renu , Tomar Nidhi
Published: March 2022

A study was done to assess the awareness of Govt. school students on “Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya” Mission in selected govt. schools of Doiwala, Dehradun. Methods: An exploratory descriptive survey design was used for the study. The subjects were 200 Junior High school students of VI, VII, VIII and IX standard. Participants selected by non-probability convenience sampling technique. Structured Knowledge Questionnaire was administered for the assessment. Results: The study shows that the knowledge score mean value of 200 subjects were 20.44 with standard deviation of 2.47 and mean percentage 68.13. The Chi-square test done with Yates correction formula at 0.05 level of significance revealed association of knowledge scores with only one demographic variable i.e. class of the students out of ten variables selected for the study. Other variables like age of the student, gender, parents education, religion, type of family, locality, source of information and family income were not found to be associated with the knowledge scores of the students. Interpretation and Conclusion: Knowledge of the students were found to be good regarding the national central govt. campaign regardless of any standard variables selected. The knowledge and awareness among students were found to have raised their self-esteem and morale in knowing, asking for and getting their basic right of living in a clean environment whether at school or at home for both boys and girls. The national campaign has brought positive outlook for the teachers of the school too. This concludes that the assumptions made by the researcher were true and the students had some knowledge about the mission and also H1 hypothesis of association of knowledge scores is accepted for one demographic variable among study participants. Findings stress the need for more such national cleanliness campaigns and sanitation teaching programs, which in turn may enhance the overall knowledge and health of the participants.
Child Abuse – A Review Article
Authors: S. Sarawad Shivaleela
Published: March 2022

Any purposeful act of physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, including acts of neglect, done by a person responsible for the child's care has come to be known as child abuse. Violence against children, according to UNICEF, can take many forms "Neglect or negligent care, exploitation, and sexual assault are all examples of physical and mental abuse. Violence can occur in a variety of settings, including homes, schools, orphanages, residential care facilities, the streets, the workplace, jails, and other detention facilities." Such violence can disrupt a child's normal development, affecting their mental, physical, and social well-being. Abuse of a child might result in death in extreme situations. Child abuse and neglect are defined as "at a minimum, any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker that results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, or an act or failure to act that poses an imminent risk of serious harm" according to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act1.
A Supplemental Nursing System (SNS)
Authors: Ravichandran Shanthi
Published: March 2022

Breast milk is nature ordained food for all newborn babies. Breast feeding offers innumerable benefits to babies. Mother’s and has economic benefits to society. Despite this many mother-baby dyads experience difficult with achieving successful breast feeding. The obstacles can range from lack of support/education. lack of motivation. medical factors. cultural issues and very rarely actual low milk supply. A supplemental nursing system (SNS). also known as a lactation aid. is a device that consists of a container and a capillary tube. It is used to provide additional nutrients to a baby whose mother has low milk supply. During breastfeeding. the end of the tube is placed alongside the mother's nipple so that both the tube and the breast are in the infant's mouth.
The Latinx Disparity in Surgery for Kidney Cancer: Data from The South Texas Region
Authors: Dursun Furkan , Patel Rahul , Hui Dawn , Wang Hanzhang , Mansour Ahmed , Pruthi Deepak , Alonzo David , Jayakumar Lalithapriya , Rodriguez Ronald , Svatek Robert , Liss Michael , Kaushik Dharam
Published: March 2022

The South Texas region, with a predominantly Latinx population, has a very high incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including those with tumor extending into the major blood vessels called venous tumor thrombus (VTT). There is currently no data on outcomes of Latinx patients with VTT as most published studies are from predominantly Caucasian population. Therefore, we performed this study to fill an urgent, unmet need. We reviewed patients who underwent radical nephrectomy with removal of VTT (called tumor thrombectomy) between 2015 and 2020. We collected data on demographics, clinical, pathological characteristics and outcomes of patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between ethnicity and disease progression or survival. We identified 112 patients, of which 67 (62%) were Latinx, and 41 (38%) were non-Latinx. Approximately 60% of patients had Level II-IV VTT; Latinx presented with a higher level of tumor thrombus (p=0.046). Latinx patients had a higher rate of no insurance (11% vs. 27%, p=0.04) and were more likely being lost to follow-up after surgery (22.4% vs. 13.3%, p=0.23) compared to non-Latinx. Fewer Latinx received systemic therapy (28% vs. 42%; p=0.13). Ninety-day mortality for the entire cohort was 3.8%. The Latinx population in the South Texas region present late, with advanced thrombus level, and do not have access to systemic therapy. Given symptomatic disease, surgical treatment, if feasible, is their only option. Our results highlight disparate treatment patterns which require further investigation and health-care policy changes.
ASCO GU22 – Kidney Cancer Highlights
Authors: Graham Jeffrey
Published: March 2022

The 2022 ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium took place in San Francisco between February 17-19th. As always, the scientific program contained several exciting abstracts with a focus on prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and kidney cancer. Here we will highlight key abstracts related to kidney cancer/renal cell carcinoma presented at this year’s symposium.
LIBROS. A cargo de: Bruno RODRÍGUEZ-ROSADO; PÉREZ VALLEJO, Ana M.ª: «Prevención y protección integral frente a la violencia infantil: un enfoque desde los derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes», por Teodora F. Torres García
Authors: Torres García Teodora Felipa
Published: March 2022

Si para alguna parte del Derecho Civil es importante la continua actualización de la materia, ésta es, sin duda, en términos generales, la que afecta a los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. La oportunidad temporal de la monografía, objeto de la presente reseña, dota de especial valor este estudio en el que se aborda el panorama actual de la violencia infantil desde un enfoque de los derechos de la niñez y los principios fundamentales que los sustentan. Obra que debe su autoría a la Dra. Pérez Vallejo, Profesora Titular de Derecho civil de la Universidad Almería e Investigadora Principal del Proyecto I+D+I del Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad: «Análisis jurídico y cuantitativo de la violencia en la infancia y adolescencia: propuestas de intervención sociolegal» (DER2014-58084-R)
Jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo
Authors: Morales Moreno Antonio Manuel
Published: March 2022

Sentencia comentada. Simulación absoluta, causa ilícita y restitución de las subvenciones de la PAC. Reflexiones sobre la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 22 de junio de 2021
Índice. Tomo LXXIV, Fascículo IV. Octubre-diciembre 2021
Authors: Anuario de Derecho Civil
Published: March 2022

Índice. Tomo LXXIV, Fascículo IV. Octubre-diciembre 2021
Estimation of Memristor Hysteresis Curve with Fuzzy Logic Designer
Authors: PARLAR İshak , ALMALI Mehmet Nuri , ÇABUKER Ali Can
Published: March 2022

In this study aimed to optimize the predictable region of the memristor hysteresis curve with the fuzzy logic designer tool by using the linear, doped drift TiO2 model as a memristor emulation circuit. Using this model, the current-voltage (I-V) curve of the memristor characteristic, that is, the hysteresis loop was created. In analog application studies, especially in filter circuits, being able to obtain a hysteresis loop in a certain frequency range leads to significant changes in the quality of the filter. At this point, various trial and error tests were performed for the most suitable parameter points. Here, the optimum hysteresis loop parameters were determined using a fuzzy logic designer. As a result, more practical and more stable results were obtained about the optimum hysteresis loop depending on the current-voltage and frequency information. In this way, users can get more predictable responses by determining the parameters according to the desired purpose and need. Especially in analog and digital electronic applications, they can approach the result more decisively by determining both the time loss and the workable area easily.
DEGRADATION OF ANTHRACENE BY STREPTOMYCES SPP.STRAIN AH4
Authors: FERRADJI FATMA ZOHRA , BADIS ABDELMALEK. , REBBAINI SOUMAI , MNIF SAMI
Published: March 2022

Streptomyces strains AH4 performance degrading humic acid was isolated and selected from surface soils at Mitidja plain (North of Algeria) was used to biodegrade anthracene in cultured medium. Streptomyces spp strain AH4 was identified using 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Optimal conditions for the biodegradation of anthracene included: temperature of 30 Â°C, pH 7.2 and 50 ppm concentration of anthracene. Under these conditions and initial anthracene concentration of 50 mg.l-1, more than 70% was removed within 5 days. The metabolites anthracene formations were examined by HPLC and FTIR. Appearance of new pic at tR= 3.75 min by HPLC. FTIR, appearance of new broad absorption bands at 2858 Cm-1, 2927 Cm-1, 2955 Cm-1 and another new strong absorption band at 1734 Cm-1 in metabolites demonstrates that carboxyl group produced during anthracene degradation
CONSERVATION OF IMPERIL ORCHIDS: CLESIOCENTRON PALLENS (CATHCART EX LINDL.) PEARCE & CRIBB AND PHALEONOPSIS MANNII RCHB.F. THROUGH IN VITRO SEED PROPAGATION
Authors: BARUA KUNTALA N. , BORA BONANYA , BORDOLOI SATYAM , LOKTONGBAM BEBIJA
Published: March 2022

Cleisocentron pallens and Phalaenopsis mannii, two spectacular orchids of North East India having highly medicinal and ornamental values with prominent existence in APENDIX-II of CITES. The present scenario of habitat destruction, unsustainable harvesting and global climate change is affecting the distribution of orchids, which leads to rapid depletion from nature. The study deals with mass multiplication of C. pallens and P mannii through in-vitro seed propagation for future conservation strategies. In C. pallens, highest germination percentage (89.35%) of was observed in Mitra medium. The maximum number (11.2Â±1.75 cm) and length (4.75Â±0.58 cm) of shoot were observed in 1.5 mg l-1 BAP. Otherwise, medium containing 1.5 mgl-1 IBA showed highest number (7.3Â±1.33) with 4.67Â±1.71 cm length of root were recorded. MS media exhibited the best proliferation rates (88.6%) in P. mannii, although highest number (12.5 Â±3.62) and (4.01Â±0.66) length of shoot found in Mitra medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP. Activated Charcoal powder plays an important role in root formation and phenolic compound exudation). Maximum (4.4Â±0.69) number with an average length (5.85Â±0.95) of root was observed in medium supplemented with 1.5mgl-1 IBA. The seedlings showed better survivality and growth increment in potting medium Brick chips: Charcoal: Sphagnum moss (1:1:2) for both the species in green house condition. Seed derived protocorm like bodies could be successfully applied for mass multiplication intended for ex situ conservation.
SEASONAL CHANGES OF CHOLESTEROL IN THE TISSUES OF MALE CATFISH MYSTUS CAVASIUS (HAM) IN BHADRA RESERVOIR, KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: ASHASHREE H.M. , SAYESWARA H.A.
Published: March 2022

Seasonal variation in cholesterol of the different tissues of the freshwater catfish Mystus cavasius was investigated from Bhadra Reservoir. The amount of cholesterol in liver, muscle and testes was measured. A decline was recorded during the period when the gonads were passing through the peak ripe stage. The highest value of the cholesterol was however attained before this phase of gonad maturation. Concentration pattern of liver cholesterol seemed related to variations in the cholesterol metabolism of the fish, necessitated, besides other factors, by the demand for sex hormones. A possibility of the influence of feeding intensity on liver cholesterol content has also been indicated.
BLOCK WISE RAINFALL VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF DISTRICT SAWAI MADHOPUR, RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Authors: NAYAK M.K. , KHASWAN S.L. , SINGH MADHO , KUMAR PARDEEP , GALAV ATUL
Published: March 2022

An attempt has been made to study the block wise rainfall variability analysis of districts Sawai Madhopur of Rajasthan. Study was performed on data sets of annual rainfall for the period of 1990-2020 (31 years) for district Sawai madhopur of Rajasthan. The coefficient of variation and standard deviation for weekly, monthly and annual rainfall were also computed for district Sawai Madhopur. The normal onset of monsoon in district Sawai Madhopur is between June to September. It was found that the annual rainfall is higher at Sawai madhopur block followed by Gangapur and Khandar block during last second and third decade. The mean annual rainfall is lowest in Bonli block. When the CV for the annual rainfall was examined, it was found be the least in Gangapur block followed by Sawai madhopur, bonli, bamanwas and khandar block, it was the highest.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF GENOMIC SELECTION APPROACH FOR PREDICTING SHEATH BLIGHT RESISTANCE IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) USING BAYESIAN MODELS
Authors: MAHANTESH Mr. , GANESAMURTHY K. , DAS SAYAN , SARASWATHI R. , GOPALAKRISHNAN C. , GNANAM R.
Published: March 2022

sheath blight (ShB) is one of the most serious fungal diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani, instigating significant yield losses in many rice-growing regions of the world. Intensive studies indicated that resistance for sheath blight is controlled possibly by polygenes. Because of complex inheritance, itâs very difficult to exploit and tap all the genomic regions conferring resistance using classical approaches of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, itâs very important to have a planned strategy to harness such resistance mechanism. One of the most promising approach is genomic selection (GS). The research was undertaken with an objective to validate genomic selection approach for predicting sheath blight resistance involving 1545 Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from eleven bi-parental populations from crosses between resistant and susceptible parents. Where, Jasmine 85, Tetep and MTU 9992 were resistant parents and TN1, Swarna Sub1, II32B, IR54 and IRBB4 were susceptible parents. During rainy season (2020) the F7 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) were screened for their reaction to sheath blight in two hot spot locations. The genotyping was done with Illumina platform having 6564 SNP markers. Three Bayesian models were used, Bayesian A, Bayesian B and Bayesian CPi to train the statistical model for calculation of marker effects and genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV). The prediction accuracy of training set across models ranged from 0.69 to 0.72, lowest and highest prediction accuracies were observed with Bayesian A and Bayesian B models respectively and the average prediction accuracy of tenfold cross validation with different models was 0.60. Bayesian B model exhibited higher prediction accuracies compared to other models studied. The results are lucrative, all in all, higher prediction accuracies across the models studied suggest genomic selection as a promising breeding strategy for predicting sheath blight resistance in Rice.
ISOLATION, CLONING AND AGROBACTERIUM MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION OF MYMV REPLICASE (REP) GENE IN VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK FOR MYMV RESISTANCE
Authors: RAMACHANDRA Mr. , ANANTAPUR Mr. , M. ROSHNI , PETER ANITHA , GANAPATI BHAT SOUMYA , C. R. RAVITEJA
Published: March 2022

The binary plant cloning vector pCAMBIA1305.2 carrying the MYMV Replicase (Rep) gene was constructed and transformed into a competent Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain LBA4404 and was used for co-cultivation of mungbean varieties, KKM-3, IC-39340-1, China mung and LM-1668 for imparting mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) resistance. The putative transformants (To generation) were selected on shooting media (SM) supplemented with 5 mgl-1 BAP, 50 mgl-1 hygromycin and 250 mgl-1 cefotaxime. The multiple shoots were inoculated on shoot elongation media (SEM) with 0.3 mgl-1 zeatin and 2.5 mgl-1 BAP for elongation and rooted on rooting media (RM), comprising half MS supplemented with 0.2 mgl-1 NAA. The GUS assay and genomic PCR analysis of the To transformants revealed, four positive putative transgenic lines for Rep gene specific primers and had a positive correlation with vector specific hptII primers. Likewise, VirG amplification revealed no Agrobacterium contamination in the apoplast of allthe putative To transformants.
GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS THROUGH SSR MARKERS FOR GRAIN FE AND ZN CONTENT IN AEROBIC RICE
Authors: KUMAR PRAJAPAT RAKESH , H.E. SHASHIDHAR , SWAMY VIJAYA KUMAR
Published: March 2022

Rice is important for sustainable food and nutritional security; however, nominal micronutrient quantities in grains aggravate malnutrition in rice-eating poor populations. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity in grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents using trait-linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the representative subset of a large collection of local and exotic rice germplasm. The objective of the study was to evaluate genetic variability parameter and discern correlation for Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) content in grains of different RPHP rice accessions grown in Kharif-2012 under aerobic condition. Single molecular marker analysis using 19 SSR markers showed that RM1089 and RM144 were associated with grain Fe and Zn content respectively. The genetic information generated and molecular markers identified from this study may be used for future biofortification programme of rice.
AGRONOMIC YIELD AND POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF BABY CORN UNDER NITROGEN FERTILIZATION
Authors: BATISTA C.M. , SILVA P.D. DOS. S. , MARTINS M. J. , SOUZA T.A.N. DE , ALVES R.M. , SOARES M. DE. C. , BATISTA I. C. C. , PIMENTA A. M. L. , SANTOS Z.C. DOS , SILVA J.F. , OLIVEIRA G.B.DE. , MOTA W.F.DA. , PIMENTA S. , MATRANGOLO C.A.R. , DOS. SANTOS NETO J.A. , RIBEIRO F.C. , SILVA A.K.C. , JUNIOR N. DE. A. DELVAUX , PEREIRA M.C.T. , BARBOSA S.N.M.
Published: March 2022

Baby corn is a growing crop in the agricultural setting, however there is still a lack of research in the area of fertilization, especially nitrogen fertilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilization on agronomic yield and quality of baby corn. Outlined in randomized blocks with four replications, the treatments consisted of five levels of nitrogen fertilization (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150%), based on the recommended dose for green corn crop (150 kg ha-1 of N). After harvesting, the following agronomic variables were evaluated: Number, productivity, dry matter, length and diameter of commercial and non-commercial spikelets. And the variables of post-harvest quality were: Soluble Solids, Titratable Acidity, Ratio of soluble solids and titratable acidity, Hydrogen-ion potential and firmness. Nitrogen fertilization at 150 kg ha-1 resulted in an increase in the total number of spikelets per hectare, around 405,000. There was an increase in productivity due to the increasing levels of nitrogen fertilization, with maximum yield of 4.4 t ha-1 at a dose of 165 kg ha-1 of N. The soluble solids content presented a maximum of 10.05 Â° Brix with the N applied to 222 kg ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization around 150 to 165 kg ha-1 increases the agronomic yield of the crop, without affecting its characteristics of quality.
HOT WATER SANITIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON MICROBIAL BIOFILM CAUSING BACTERIA PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA AND PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA
Authors: MANNEPALLI KOTESWARA RAO , DESHPANDE BHAGYASHREE , MUNDEJA PRASHANT
Published: March 2022

Biofilms are the challenge in maintenance of pharmaceutical water system. Generation of purified water or demineralized water and maintaining quality attributes are the key requirements as this water used for processing of medicinal products like tablets, capsules, syrups, nasal sprays, injectables etc. Before allowing for purification, it is manufacturerâs responsibility to ensure the microbial load control in the source water to get good quality product water and to avoid biofilm formation in waterlines. Current research involves the study of an effectiveness of Hot water sanitization in control of Biofilm formation bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Hot water on bacterial growth by challenging known concentration of Biofilm causing bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study conducted by selecting different temperatures like 50 Â°C, 70 Â°C and 90 Â°C for holding the sample for different time points. Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other species like Pseudomonas putida is common issue in water systems, by using of two biofilm strains, sanitization effectiveness of hot water were examined.
Basic ways to express the denial category in heterogeneous system languages (based on German and Adyghe languages)
Authors: Лоова Асьят Джирослановна , Мироненко Светлана Александровна
Published: March 2022

Рассматриваются особенности выражения отрицания в немецком и адыгейском языках. Авторы анализируют высказывания с элементами отрицания; характеризуя отношение к объективной действительности, подчеркивают коммуникативную природу отрицания, его направленность на коммуникативную деятельность человека.

The paper discusses the features of the expression of denial in German and Adyghe. The authors analyze statements with elements of denial. Touching upon the attitude to objective reality, they emphasize the communicative nature of denial, its focus on the communicative activity of man.
National stereotypes and ethnic images in the Adyghe historical novel by Alim Keshokov «Saber for the Emir»
Authors: Напцок Бэлла Радиславовна , Шовгенова Тамара Алиевна
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматриваются проблемы национальных стереотипов и этнических образов в адыгском историческом романе XX века. На материале произведения национального писателя Алима Кешокова «Сабля для эмира» выявляются и анализируются культурные модели этнической самоидентификации, связанные с национальными стереотипными представлениями и традиционными этническими образами.

The paper examines the problems of national stereotypes and ethnic images in the Adyghe historical novel of the 20th century. The work of the national writer Alim Keshokov "Saber for the Emir" was used to identify and analyze cultural models of ethnic self-identification related to national stereotypic ideas and traditional ethnic images.
Reward Caring with Education, not Condemnation
Authors: Fox Wendy
Published: March 2022

None
Wound Management Considerations for a Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) following an American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) Attack
Authors: Myers Debbie , Mitchell Mark A. , Nevarez Javier
Published: March 2022

A four month old intact female Canada goose (Branta canadensis) presented to the Wildlife Hospital of Louisiana at the Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine following an attack by an American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). The attack had occurred two hours prior to presentation. On physical exam, the bird was bright, alert, responsive, and had clear heart and lung sounds. All systems besides the integument were within normal limits upon initial presentation. The bird (3.0 kg) was in good body condition (2.5/5).
The bite wounds were extensive. Pericloacal tissues (e.g., skin, muscle, connective tissue) were macerated. The authors’ were concerned that the cloaca might have diminished function or be non–functional since the pericloacal tissue was severed almost 360 degrees, with the cloaca connected to the body wall by minimal tissue attachments. Because of the extent of the injury, it was difficult to characterize which tissues remained. The pygostyle, or the fused caudal coccygeal vertebrae, was exposed, with extensive loss of surrounding soft tissues (Girling 2003) (Figure 1).

Because of the extensive nature of the injury, the authors were unsure if the skin could be closed over the wound. A small puncture wound was noted in the right side of the abdominal air sac. The uropygial gland had been removed during the attack. The uropygial gland is an important structure in waterfowl, and is used to keep the beak, feathers, and scales supple, insulated, and waterproof. The uropygial gland also prevents the growth of microorganisms and is the principle cutaneous gland of birds. The gland secretes a holocrine lipid (Girling 2003). The loss of the uropygial gland in waterfowl can be catastrophic, as the animal would not be able to float or swim when released.