bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulated Herbicide Drift Effects on Seed Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Seedling Growth of Native Plants of the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Bolwerk Gabrielle A. , Cooper Gregory A. , Leffler A. Joshua , Perkins Lora B.
Published: August 2024

Small concentrations of herbicide, such as those found in drift, can affect nontarget plants at different life-history stages including seed germination and seedling emergence as well as seedling growth. Fragmented landscapes, such as those in the northern Great Plains, lead to increased proximity of ecological restoration sites to agricultural lands using herbicides. Germination, emergence, and growth are crucial life-history stages leading to ecological restoration success, but these stages are sensitive to impacts from external factors such as herbicide exposure. A lab germination experiment and a greenhouse emergence experiment were performed to examine the effect of herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D], atrazine, and trifluralin) on species used in ecological restorations in the northern Great Plains. Seed germination, seedling emergence, and seedling growth of many study species decreased with exposure to herbicides at different concentrations representative of herbicide drift. At concentrations as low as 0.1% recommended application rate 2,4-D elicited broad effects on final seed germination percentage and germination rate. Atrazine affected seedling emergence and growth for a number of study species at concentrations as low as 10% recommended application rate. Trifluralin affected germination, emergence, and growth of the fewest number of study species. The information gained from these experiments can be used to inform restoration practitioners of best practices and recommended species to use when implementing ecological restoration adjacent to agricultural lands. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2387–2397. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Motion Artifact Correction for OCT Microvascular Images Based on Image Feature Matching
Authors: Chen Xudong , Ma Zongqing , Wang Chongyang , Cui Jiaqi , Fan Fan , Gao Xinxiao , Zhu Jiang
Published: August 2024

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), a functional extension of optical coherence tomography (OCT), is widely employed for high‐resolution imaging of microvascular networks. However, due to the relatively low scan rate of OCT, the artifacts caused by the involuntary bulk motion of tissues severely impact the visualization of microvascular networks. This study proposes a fast motion correction method based on image feature matching for OCT microvascular images. First, the rigid motion‐related mismatch between B‐scans is compensated through the image feature matching based on the improved oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF algorithm. Then, the axial motion within A‐scan lines in each B‐scan image is corrected according to the displacement deviation between the detected boundaries achieved by the Scharr operator in a non‐rigid transformation manner. Finally, an optimized intensity‐based Doppler variance algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of the OCTA imaging. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway Expression by Blue LED Irradiation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Hui , Yang Jiali , Fu Qiqi , Li Angze , Qin Haokuan , Liu Muqing
Published: August 2024

Photobiomodulation therapy, as an emerging treatment modality, has been widely used in dentistry. However, reports on blue light therapy for oral cancer are scarce. This study investigated the effects of 457 and 475 nm LED irradiation on SCC‐25 cells and explored the potential mechanisms underlying the impact of blue light. Both wavelengths were found to inhibit cell viability, induce oxidative stress, and cause cell cycle arrest without leading to cell death. Notably, the inhibitory effect of 457 nm blue light on cell proliferation was more sustained. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms, revealing that blue light induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in SCC‐25 cells, with 457 nm light showing a more pronounced effect. Moreover, 457 nm blue light upregulated the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway, indicating potential therapeutic prospects for the combined use of blue light and pharmacological agents.
Increases in resilience and school performance among elementary school‐aged afterschool participants
Authors: Longhi Dario , Brown Marsha , O'Connor Becca
Published: August 2024

Elementary‐school students enrolled in a trauma‐informed program participated in a prepost longitudinal study of resilience. The study assesses increases in various components of resilience, the effects of the afterschool program on resilience, and the relationship between resilience and school performance. A shortened version of a reliable resilience survey was developed from Madsen Thompson's Trauma Resilience Scale and administered at students' entry and exit from 3 yearly sessions. The high response rate provided a sample of 103 students, 37 of whom were new students with no ceiling effects. Statistical analysis demonstrated that both contextual and individual resilience increased significantly, with protective components impacting one another. Regression analyses found that the afterschool program supports significantly affected individual resilience increases, and high levels of individual resilience led to increases in school performance. The results suggest that trauma‐informed contextual supports may be useful in increasing young students' well‐being and closing gaps in academic performance.
Oncogenic tRNA‐derived fragment tRF‐Leu‐CAG promotes tumorigenesis of lung cancer via targeting TCEA3 and increasing autophagy
Authors: Wu Fan , Chai Binshu , Qi Pengfei , Han Yaqi , Gu Zhitao , Pan Wei , Zhang Hui , Wang Xianyi , Liu Xiaomin , Zou Heng , Liang Chen , Li YanLi , Fang Wentao , Ma Zhongliang
Published: August 2024

Background

Lung cancer is a prevalent and severe form of malignant tumors worldwide. tRF‐Leu‐CAG, a recently discovered non‐coding single‐stranded small RNA derived from transfer RNA, has sparked interest in exploring its biological functions and potential molecular mechanisms in lung cancer.

Methods

The abundance of tRF‐Leu‐CAG was measured via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in 96 sets of lung cancer tissue samples obtained from clinical patients. Subsequently, both in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to validate the biological functions of tRF‐Leu‐CAG in lung cancer. Furthermore, an exploration of the potential target genes of tRF‐Leu‐CAG and its association with autophagy and drug resistance in lung cancer was undertaken.

Results

Our analysis revealed a significant upregulation of tRF‐Leu‐CAG in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. Additionally, we observed that heightened expression of tRF‐Leu‐CAG significantly augmented the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells, facilitated cell cycle progression, and suppressed apoptosis. Furthermore, we identified transcription elongation factor A3 (TCEA3) as a direct target gene of tRF‐Leu‐CAG. TCEA3 inhibited the proliferation and migration of NSCLC, and tRF‐Leu‐CAG promoted the proliferation and migration of NSCLC by mediating the silencing of TCEA3. Moreover, we demonstrated that the augmentation of paclitaxel resistance by tRF‐Leu‐CAG was contingent on autophagy. Finally, tRF‐Leu‐CAG notably accelerated tumor growth and promoted the process of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vivo.

Conclusions

tRF‐Leu‐CAG promotes NSCLC tumor growth and metastasis by targeting TCEA3 and promotes paclitaxel resistance by enhancing cellular autophagy. These results provide potentially effective targets and therapeutic options for the clinical treatment of NSCLC.
Integrating behavior and organizational change literatures to uncover crucial psychological mechanisms underlying the adoption and maintenance of organizational change
Authors: Kamarova Sviatlana , Gagné Marylène , Holtrop Djurre , Dunlop Patrick D.
Published: August 2024

Implementing successful organizational change is challenging, and to better understand it, researchers and practitioners have proposed a variety of models of change management. Paradoxically, while the behavior change of organizational members lies at the core of organizational change, theories and models of behavior change are rarely applied to organizational change management. Such knowledge could improve our understanding of underlying psychological mechanisms behind organizational change adoption and maintenance. Using self‐determination theory as the framework, we developed a model of organizational change that integrates knowledge across the organizational and behavior change fields by (i) unifying change practices derived from organizational change models and from behavior change techniques, (ii) identifying and unifying underlying psychological mechanisms derived from theories that explain how organizational and behavior change occurs, and (iii) linking change practices to psychological mechanisms. The resulting model aims to provide theoretical and practical guidance for those involved in the planning and implementation of organizational change.
Pork cuts, hams, and sausages have digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) close to or over 100
Authors: Fanelli Natalia S. , Martins Juliana C. F. R. , Stein Hans H.
Published: August 2024

Background

The “Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score” (DIAAS) method measures protein quality in human foods. Animal‐based products generally have high protein quality, but DIAAS values for some pork products are not available. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and DIAAS values for pork products, including three types of pork cuts, Italian hams, and sausages, and to test the hypothesis that all pork products have DIAAS equal to or greater than 100.

Results

The mean SID of the indispensable AA in all pork products was above 90% and indicated excellent digestibility. For children from 6 months to 3 years old and individuals older than 3 years, prosciutto had greater (p < 0.05) DIAAS than all other pork products. Tenderloin and Coppa had greater (p < 0.05) DIAAS than back ribs, shoulder butt, chorizo, and bratwurst. There were no limiting AA in any of the pork products (DIAAS >100) with the exception that sulfur AA (SAA: methionine + cysteine) were limiting in chorizo for children from 6 months to 3 years old (DIAAS = 99).

Conclusion

With the exception of chorizo for children less than 3 years old, all pork products have “excellent” protein quality for individuals older than 6 months of age, with DIAAS greater than 100. Pork proteins can, therefore, complement proteins with low quality to produce a meal that is adequate in all AA.
Unpacking the complexity of cultural distance in inbound and outbound tourism: A case‐oriented approach
Authors: Zhang Ziang , So Kevin Kam Fung , Li Jing , Olya Hossein , Huang Zhenfang
Published: August 2024

Due to limitations in mainstream symmetric methodologies, the linkages between cultural dimensions and tourism demand have yet to be fully understood. Drawing on Hofstede's theory of national culture and adopting the asymmetric and case‐oriented fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis method, this investigation explored configuration models of cultural distance between 65 countries in relation to China's inbound and outbound tourism flows. Using a series of three studies, this research assessed the impact of grouping Hofstede's six cultural distance dimensions and the effect of cultural distance as a whole on Chinese inbound and outbound tourism flows within the cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic distance framework. Findings indicate that several paths respectively lead to high inbound and outbound tourism flows. Uncertainty avoidance and long‐term orientation are core conditions for high inbound and outbound tourism flows, respectively. Three testable propositions were additionally evaluated by comparing cultural distance configurations between high inbound and outbound tourism flows.
Wellness and Wanderlust: How Social Wellness Impacts Travel Motivation
Authors: Jo Hyeon
Published: August 2024

With the emergence of wellness as a significant lifestyle consideration, its influence on various life aspects, including travel, is gaining attention. This study aims to explore the intricate relationship between social wellness, physiological needs, safety‐security needs, self‐actualization needs, and travel intention. Utilizing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM), the research examined these connections within a sample of 317 respondents. Findings revealed that social wellness significantly influence physiological needs, which in turn, have a strong positive effect on safety‐security needs, self‐actualization needs, and travel intention. However, safety‐security needs were not found to directly impact travel intention. Income was the only control variable affecting travel intention, with gender, age, and timing of last travel showing no significant influence. These insights carry valuable theoretical contributions, enriching the understanding of wellness‐driven travel motivation and offering practical implications for service providers, marketers, and policymakers in the travel and tourism industry.
Mucosal Injection of the Silicon Phthalocyanine Pc 4 in a Rabbit Model—A Pilot Study
Authors: Patel Nilam , Held Isabel , Trzcinska Anna , Wasman Jay , Alagramam Kumar N. , Oleinick Nancy L. , Maronian Nicole , Howard Nelson S.
Published: August 2024

Objective

The silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 is a photosensitizing agent previously shown to be a promising treatment for cutaneous neoplasms using photodynamic therapy (PDT). Based on prior preclinical studies, we believe Pc 4‐PDT has potential as a targeted treatment of human recurrent respiratory papillomatosis or laryngeal leukoplakia by direct injection into mucosal surfaces.

Methods

This was a proof‐of‐concept pilot study assessing direct mucosal injection of Pc 4 into buccal and vocal fold mucosae in a rabbit model. Five New Zealand white rabbits underwent tattooing of bilateral buccal mucosae to delineate injection sites, followed by submucosal injections of control and Pc 4 solutions. Rabbits were monitored for post‐injection tolerance. Punch biopsies were obtained from injected mucosa and assessed histopathologically. Once the buccal mucosa was found to be tolerant, vocal folds of three rabbits were injected. The rabbits were then sacrificed, and laryngeal tissue was assessed histopathologically.

Results

All rabbits tolerated injection of Pc 4 and control solutions into buccal mucosa with no evidence of gross visual inflammatory changes and no changes in behavior or masticatory function. Histopathologic analysis of Pc 4 injected buccal and control mucosal tissue revealed mild focal histological changes and no stigmata of diffuse inflammatory reactions. The histopathologic analysis of Pc 4 injected into laryngeal tissue revealed similar findings with addition of mild eosinophilia in one sample.

Conclusion

Direct mucosal injection of Pc 4 in rabbit buccal and vocal fold mucosae appears to be well tolerated with no gross inflammatory changes, and only mild histopathologic inflammatory changes observed.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2024
Multiscenario simulation of fallow schemes in China and their impact on food security
Authors: Zeng Siyan , Chen Fu , Ma Jing , Liu Gang‐Jun , Wanger Thomas Cherico
Published: August 2024

A sound fallow program may potentially reduce food production and hence farmers' income in the short term but can help mitigate farmland pollution, improve food productivity, and enhance ecological protection in the long term. In China, degrading quality of arable land, soil pollution, and groundwater overexploitation require urgent implementation of suitable fallow schemes. We used existing spatial factors influencing the implementation of fallow schemes (including the delineated ecological protection red lines [EPRL], soil pollution, groundwater overexploitation, and arable land quality), and determined farmers' willingness to fallow to understand priority areas of fallow in China under multi‐scenario simulation. Results show that of all farmers willing to fallow, only 2.17% of farmers actively participated in a fallow scheme. Compared to other factors determining fallow implementation, our multi‐scenario simulation found that: (1) scales of the high fallow scheme exhibit a descending order of PES (priority to ecological security scenario, 20.58%) > MCL (minimum production capacity loss scenario, 19.52%) > PFW (priority to farmers' willingness scenario, 18.98%) > PFS (priority to food safety scenario, 15.30%) and that (2) the loss of grain production capacity in implementation of the high fallow scheme is PES (17.32%) > PFW (14.36%) > PFS (13.66%) > MCL (9.67%). We recommend that the implementation of the fallow program at a national level should consider farmers' willingness to participate in a fallow scheme, the loss of food production capacity in the short term, as well as the mitigation of arable land pollution, the improvement of ecological protection, and the safeguard of global food security in a long term.
The Effect of Apis mellifera L. Pollination on Seed Yield and Nutritional Qualities of Sesamum indicum L. in Dale Sedi District of Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Ofijan , Gaisa Elias
Published: August 2024

The development of blossoming seed plants that provide a genetically diverse crop of progeny depends on pollination. Sesamum indicum is an oilseed crop and requires both self and cross‐pollination that varies based on insect type, crop variety, and environmental factors. Hence, the experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2022 and 2023) to the effect of Apis mellifera L. pollination on yield, germination, and nutritional qualities of S. indicum (Dicho variety). A completely randomized block design with three treatments was used, and each treatment was replicated four times. Insects from open plot were counted from 1 m × 1 m quadrant/5 min. Seed yield and yield parameters and germination rates were recorded based on standard methods. Oil content was analyzed by Soxhlet extraction. From the study, 13 insects were identified of which 69.2% were categorized under the order Hymenoptera. A combined mean of plant height, branch/plant, and number of pod/plant showed statistically no difference (p > 0.05) among treatments. However, the number of seeds/pod, 1000 seed weight, and yield (quintal)/ha produced by an open plot and a plot caged with A. mellifera were statistically higher (p < 0.05) as compared with the closed plot. The percentage increment in seed yield (quintal)/ha were 17.16% and 20.33% for the open plot and the plot caged with bees, respectively. The seed germination was found to be maximum in the open plot (88.9%) followed by a plot caged with A. mellifera (86.68%) and a closed plot (60.46%). A measurable variation (p < 0.05) in oil content(%) was recorded among the treatments with the maximum from a plot caged with bees (54.24 ± 0.27) followed by an open plot (52.04 ± 0.58) and closed plot (48.81 ± 0.24). These findings suggest that pollinators, including honey bees, A. mellifera visiting S. indicum can enhance yields, germination rates, and oil content.
Quantitative Comparisons of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale Versions Using Item Response Theory
Authors: Gewily Mohamed , Plan Elodie L. , Yousefi Elham , König Franz , Posch Martin , Hopfner Franziska , Höglinger Günter , Karlsson Mats O.
Published: August 2024

Background

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative, late‐onset disease that is challenging in terms of assessment. The Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale (PSPRS), a 28‐item clinician‐reported scale, is the most established clinical outcome assessment method. Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed a subscale of 10 items as an alternative to full PSPRS.

Objectives

To quantitatively evaluate and compare the properties of full PSPRS and the FDA subscale using item response theory. To develop a progression model of the disease and assess relative merits of study designs and analysis options.

Methods

Data of 979 patients from four interventional trials and two registries were available for analysis. Our investigation was divided into: (1) estimating informativeness of the 28 items; (2) estimating disease progression; and (3) comparing the scales, trial designs, and analysis options with respect to power to detect a clinically relevant treatment effect.

Results

PSPRS item scores had a low pairwise correlation (r = 0.17 ± 0.14) and the items irritability, sleep difficulty, and postural tremor were uncorrelated with the other items. The FDA‐selected items displayed higher correlation (r = 0.35 ± 0.14) and were the basis for a longitudinal item response model including disease progression. Trial simulations indicated that identification of a disease‐modifying treatment effect required less than half the study size if the analysis was based on longitudinal item information compared with total scores at end‐of‐treatment.

Conclusion

A longitudinal item response model based on the FDA‐selected PSPRS items is a promising tool in evaluating treatments for PSP. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Thrombotic Consequences of COVID‐19 Infection on Microsurgical Reconstruction
Authors: Han Sabrina H. , Ockerman Kyle , Kirchmier Matthew , Mardourian Markos , Bryan Jaimie , Cox Elizabeth , Chim Harvey , Spiguel Lisa , Momeni Arash , Sorice‐Virk Sarah
Published: August 2024

Background

Evidence has shown increased morbidity and mortality for patients with COVID‐19 infection within 7 weeks of surgery. However, no studies have specifically investigated the effects of COVID‐19 in microsurgical outcomes. This study evaluated thrombotic and overall complications after free tissue transfer for a variety of indications in patients with and without previous COVID‐19 infection.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was performed in adult patients with or without a history of COVID‐19 infection who underwent microsurgical reconstruction between 2017 and 2022. Patients with a history of COVID‐19 infection were matched to controls based on age, gender, race, body mass index, history of diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension, Caprini score, tobacco use, and flap indication.

Results

From 2017 to 2022, 35 patients had a documented history of COVID‐19. Matched case analysis determined a 4.8 times increased odds ratio of postoperative complications in the COVID‐19 group compared with controls (p = 0.002). Significantly, more patients with COVID‐19 experienced total or partial flap loss and anastomotic issues (COVID‐19: 7/35, Control: 0/35; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in incidence of VTE (COVID‐19: 1/35, Control: 0/35; p = 0.493). Of note, 62.9% of the COVID‐19 group were discharged on anticoagulants (versus 14.3% in the control group [p < 0.001]).

Conclusion

COVID‐19 has dire, long‐lasting effects on virtually every organ system, chief among them, the microcirculation. Further studies are needed to fully determine the extent and influence of COVID‐19 on complex procedures such as free tissue transfer and how to optimize the screening, workup, and postoperative care to guard against the associated thrombotic consequences.
Garlic Extract Promotes Pancreatic Islet Neogenesis Through α‐to‐β‐Cell Transdifferentiation and Normalizes Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Al‐Adsani Amani M. , Al‐Qattan Khaled K. , Barhoush Sahar A. , Abbood Manal S. , Al‐Bustan Suzanne A.
Published: August 2024

Scope

Garlic extract (GE) has been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia in diabetic rats (DRs) by increasing insulin production. However, the mechanism through which it exerts its effects remains unclear. Here, it investigates the molecular process and the origin of regenerating β‐cell in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes in response to GE.

Methods and results

In this study, quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis are carried out after pancreas isolation. These findings show that 1 week of GE treatment increases the expression of the endocrine progenitor cell markers Neurogenin3 (Neurog3), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (Neurod1), paired box proteins (Pax)4, V‐maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (Mafb), and NK homeobox factors (Nkx)6‐1 in STZ‐induced DRs. Continuation with GE treatment for 8 weeks causes the expression of the mature β‐cell markers insulin(Ins)2, urocortin3 (Ucn3), and glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) to peak. Comprehensive examination of the islet through immunohistochemical analysis reveals the presence of a heterogeneous cell population including INS+/GLUT2− and INS+/GLUT2+ β‐cell subpopulations with few bihormonal INS+/GCG+ cells after 4 weeks. By week 8, islet architecture is reestablished, and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion was restored through the upregulation of Ucn3.

Conclusion

GE induces β‐cell neogenesis in DRs and restores islet architecture. The newly formed mature β‐like cells could have originated through the differentiation of endocrine progenitor cells as well as α‐ to β‐cell transdifferentiation.
Design of wideband bandpass frequency selective surface based on the patch resonators and substrate integrated waveguide cavities
Authors: Liu Qianwen , Zhou Ying , Li Bo , Lyu Yun‐peng
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a new approach for the design of wideband bandpass frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed based on the microstrip patch resonator and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity. Originating from the similarity of field distributions between the patch and SIW resonators, the patch resonator is concentrically embedded within the SIW cavity. In this context, resonant modes in both patch resonator and SIW cavity can be generated without enlarging the circuit size. Then, the slotlines are introduced to the ground layer to establish cross‐couplings to produce transmission zeros (TZs) for better out‐of‐band performances. For demonstration, a fourth‐order bandpass FSS is constructed, simulated, and fabricated. The measured results agree with the simulated ones, verifying that the proposed design method possesses attractive advantages of low profile, compact size, high frequency selectively, and nice universality.
The Role of Corticosteroid Injections in the Treatment of Sacroiliitis: A Narrative Review
Authors: Vu Peter D. , Malik Aila , Ryder Alexa , Enaohwo Ovie , Blazek Greg , Chen Jason W.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic rheumatic, musculoskeletal, inflammatory disease with a propensity to present as sacroiliitis, which manifests as low back, buttock, or thigh pain. Effective primary management of axSpA requires a comprehensive approach specific to each patient and disease severity. Non‐pharmacological measures form the cornerstone of treatment. With refractory disease, management also consists of local periarticular and intraarticular injections. The use of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) corticosteroid injections for the treatment of axSpA and localised inflammation, however, is a continuously burgeoning management option. This narrative review aims to present consolidated findings and summarise previously unreferenced or recently available evidence regarding corticosteroid injections to the SIJ for treating sacroiliitis and axSpA.

Methods

A comprehensive literary review with the following electronic databases was searched: MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE.

Results

The initial search yielded a total of 126 references. After duplicates were removed and the remainder analysed for inclusion criteria, 7 studies were included. To stratify each study, injection methodology and characteristics were defined.

Discussion

The use of SIJ corticosteroid injections can be an appropriate and effective treatment option for refractory axSpA. The studies presented in this review reported a general trend towards a reduction in pain severity after SIJ corticosteroid injections. Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the anatomy of the SIJ, image guidance is recommended when performing SIJ injections. Image‐guided injections seem to produce better outcomes when compared to anatomic landmark‐guided injections.
“There is no ceiling”: Quiana Joseph‐Muhammad on earning an EdD and serving her community
Authors: May Rachel
Published: August 2024

When Quiana Joseph‐Muhammad was in her master's and PhD programs, her children's bedtime stories were often the scholarly journal articles she needed to read for her coursework. She says it's no wonder her youngest is now such a strong reader, picking up everything from Diary of a Wimpy Kid to her husband's business book on growth curves.
Enhancing multiscale simulations with constitutive relations‐aware deep operator networks
Authors: Eivazi Hamidreza , Alikhani Mahyar , Tröger Jendrik‐Alexander , Wittek Stefan , Hartmann Stefan , Rausch Andreas
Published: August 2024

Multiscale problems are widely observed across diverse domains in physics and engineering. Translating these problems into numerical simulations and solving them using numerical schemes, for example, the finite element method, is costly due to the demand of solving initial boundary‐value problems at multiple scales. On the other hand, multiscale finite element computations are commended for their ability to integrate micro‐structural properties into macroscopic computational analyses using homogenization techniques. Recently, neural operator‐based surrogate models have shown trustworthy performance for solving a wide range of partial differential equations. In this work, we propose a hybrid method in which we utilize deep operator networks for surrogate modeling of the microscale physics. This allows us to embed the constitutive relations of the microscale into the model architecture and to predict microscale strains and stresses based on the prescribed macroscale strain inputs. Furthermore, numerical homogenization is carried out to obtain the macroscale quantities of interest. We apply the proposed approach to quasi‐static problems of solid mechanics. The results demonstrate that our constitutive relations‐aware DeepONet can yield accurate solutions even when being confronted with a restricted dataset during model development.
Degradation of andrographolide in Andrographis paniculata over 1 year storage
Authors: Ahammed Md. Tanvin , Sultan Md. Zakir , Hossain Md. Sabbir , Al Mahtab Mamun , Bachar Sitesh Chandra
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Andrographolide is a bioactive component found in the medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees (Family—Acanthaceae) is well‐known for its ability to cure liver disorders and as a bitter tonic.

Objective

In this study, the rate of degradation of andrographolide was examined over the course of a year of storage.

Materials and methods

New and old (1‐year storage) A. paniculata powder samples were used in the study. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to assess the concentration of andrographolide after its extraction using ethanol as the solvent.

Results

The findings demonstrated a 69.26% progressive deterioration of andrographolide over the storage period. Temperature and crystallinity are two factors that affect how quickly andrographolide degrades.

Conclusion

The results emphasize how crucial it is to retain the effectiveness of A. paniculata extract by avoiding prolonged storage or by providing ideal storage conditions.
Hydrogen production in microwave discharge in water with barbotage of methane at atmospheric pressure: Experiment and modeling
Authors: Batukaev Т. S. , Bilera I. V. , Krashevskaya G. V. , Epstein I. L. , Lebedev Yu. A. , Tatarinov A. V. , Titov A. Yu.
Published: August 2024

Gas chromatography was used to study the products of an atmospheric pressure microwave discharge in water with methane bubbling at incident microwave power ranging between 500 and 650 W and methane flow rate ranging between 25 and 75 mL/min. The main components of products are H2, CO, CO2, and CH4. The concentration of H2 reaches 75% with the energy consumption for hydrogen formation of 25 L/kWh. A zero‐dimensional self‐consistent nonstationary discharge model, which takes into account the process of quenching of reaction products, was developed to analyze experimental results and study mechanisms of the formation of hydrogen and carbon oxides. Taking into account the quenching of reaction products is an important and necessary part of modeling discharges in liquids.
A phylogenetic approach for identifying new sources of economically important fatty acids in plants and algae
Authors: Sbrizzi Serena , Mitchell Nora , Campbell Lesley G. , Arts Michael T. , Morris Emily , Borsato Nicole D. , Colombo Stefanie M.
Published: August 2024

Societal Impact Statement

New sources of essential and other nutritionally and/or pharmacologically important fatty acids for human use can be discovered through bioprospecting. Demonstrating how fatty acids in plants and algae are distributed across a phylogeny is a critical first step in this process. Here, new sources of essential omega‐3 fatty acids that are critically important to human health were identified, such as green and Chromista algae, bryophytes and some angiosperm families. The identification of certain taxa that are high in critical fatty acids is important for developing new sources of these healthful compounds.

Essential fatty acids (EFA) including long‐chain omega‐3 and omega‐6 EFA are key nutrients that broadly support the health of individuals and the ecosystems they inhabit. Production of these EFA is critical to global nutritional security, and therefore, it is imperative to assess the distribution patterns of FA in plants to bioprospect new resources that do not threaten biodiversity.

We used a meta‐analytic approach (phylogenetic signal analysis), which incorporated a wide variety of taxa to map FA profiles including both presence and abundance of specific FA and EFA onto a plant phylogeny including algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Our phylogenetic signal analysis revealed that presence/absence of most FA of interest were randomly or ubiquitously distributed, while FA content was significantly clustered in specific clades for most key FA (including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and nervonic acid). Both green and Chromista algae displayed relatively high proportions of EPA and DHA, while green algae contained higher proportional amounts of stearidonic acid (SDA). Further, signal analysis revealed high proportional content of gamma‐linoleic acid (GLA) in bryophytes and some angiosperm families, suggesting potential sources for bioprospecting GLA.

This analysis provides a crucial foundation for understanding the influence of phylogenetic relationships in the relative proportions of key FA in plants and algae across a diverse phylogeny. Furthermore, in demonstrating how fatty acids in plants and algae are distributed across a phylogeny, we provide a critical first step in bioprospecting for new sources of essential and other nutritionally‐ and/or pharmacologically important fatty acids for human use.
IS4‐FAM, a fluorescent tool to study CXCR4 affinity and competitive antagonism in native cancer cells
Authors: Hamshaw Isabel , Cominetti Marco M. D. , Nana‐Akyin Princess , Yee Ho Ernie Ho , Searcey Mark , Mueller Anja
Published: August 2024

The ability to accurately measure drug‐target interaction is critical for the discovery of new therapeutics. Classical pharmacological bioassays such as radioligand or fluorescent ligand binding assays can define the affinity or Kd of a ligand for a receptor with the lower the Kd, the stronger the binding and the higher the affinity. However, in many drug discovery laboratories today, the target of interest if often artificially upregulated by means of transfection to modify the host cell's genetic makeup. This then potentially invalidates the assumptions of classical pharmacology affinity calculations as the receptor of interest is no longer at normal physiological densities. The CXCR4 receptor is expressed on many different cancer cell types and is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Therefore, the CXCR4 receptor is a desirable target for novel therapeutics. In this study, we explore the applicability of the newly developed fluorescently tagged CXCR4 antagonists, IS4‐FAM as an investigative tool to study CXCR4 affinity and competitive antagonism in native, non‐transfected cancer cells using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. IS4‐FAM directly labels CXCR4 in several cell lines including high CXCR4 expressing SK‐MEL‐28 (malignant melanoma) and PC3 (metastatic prostate cancer) and lower CXCR4 expressing THP‐1 (acute monocytic leukemia) and was competitive with the established CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100. This highlights the potential of IS4‐FAM as a pharmacological tool for drug discovery in native cells lines and tissues.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure–response analyses of safety (ARIA‐E and isolated ARIA‐H) of lecanemab in subjects with early Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Majid Oneeb , Cao Youfang , Willis Brian A. , Hayato Seiichi , Takenaka Osamu , Lalovic Bojan , Sreerama Reddy Sree Harsha , Penner Natasha , Reyderman Larisa , Yasuda Sanae , Hussein Ziad
Published: August 2024

Lecanemab (Leqembi®) was recently approved by health authorities in the United States, Japan, and China to treat early Alzheimer's disease (AD), including patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease upon confirmation of amyloid beta pathology. Extensively and sparsely sampled PK profiles from 1619 AD subjects and 21,929 serum lecanemab observations from two phase I, one phase II, and one phase III studies were well characterized using a two‐compartment model with first‐order elimination. The final PK model quantified covariate effects of body weight and sex on clearance and central volume of distribution, ADA‐positive status, and albumin on clearance, and of Japanese ethnicity on central and peripheral volumes of distribution. Exposure to lecanemab was comparable between two lecanemab‐manufacturing processes. However, none of the identified covariates in the model had a clinically relevant impact on model‐predicted lecanemab Cmax or AUC at steady state following 10 mg/kg bi‐weekly. Importantly, age, a well‐recognized risk factor for AD, was not found to significantly affect lecanemab PK. The incidence of ARIA‐E as a function of lecanemab exposure was modeled using a logit function with data pooled from 2641 subjects from the phase II and phase III studies, in which a total of 177 incidences of ARIA‐E were observed. The probability of ARIA‐E was significantly correlated with model‐predicted Cmax and predicted to be higher in subjects homozygous for APOE4. The incidence of isolated ARIA‐H was not associated with lecanemab exposure and was similar between placebo and lecanemab‐treated subjects.
Trapped and drift‐tube ion‐mobility spectrometry for the analysis of environmental contaminants: Comparability of collision cross‐section values and resolving power
Authors: Belova Lidia , Caballero‐Casero Noelia , Ballesteros Ana , Poma Giulia , van Nuijs Alexander L. N. , Covaci Adrian
Published: August 2024

Rationale

Ion‐mobility (IM)–derived collision cross‐section (CCS) values can serve as a valuable additional identification parameter within suspect and non‐target screening studies of environmental contaminants. However, these applications require to assess the reproducibility of CCS calculations between different IM set‐ups. Especially for the comparison of trapped and drift‐tube IM (TIMS/DTIM) derived CCS values, data for environmental applications is lacking.

Methods

The presented study assessed the bias of TIMS derived CCSN2 (TIMSCCSN2) values of 48 environmental contaminants from three classes in comparison to a previously established DTIM database. Based on two sets of isomeric bisphenols, the resolving power of both systems was compared, addressing the instrumental settings which influence the resolution of TIMS measurements.

Results

For 91% of the datapoints, bias between TIMSCCSN2 and DTCCSN2 values (latter set as reference) were < 2%, indicating a good inter‐platform reproducibility. TIMS resolving power was dependent on the selected mobility window and ramping times whereby a resolution of up to 116 was achieved. Similar resolving power was observed for multiplexed DTIMS data if a high‐resolution post‐processing step was implemented.

Conclusions

These results provide valuable insights in CCSN2 reproducibility facilitating database transfer in future TIMS based studies. Knowledge on the influence of acquisition settings on robustness of TIMSCCSN2 calculations and resolving power can ease method development supporting efficient development and reliable identifications of emerging environmental contaminants.
Eczematous Eruption During Bimekizumab Treatment in a Psoriatic Patient Previously Treated with Secukinumab
Authors: Falco Gennaro Marco , Caldarola Giacomo , D’Amore Alessandra , Pinto Lorenzo Maria , Simone Clara , Peris Ketty
Published: August 2024

Several eczematous eruptions have been described during treatment with anti-IL17A and anti-IL17 receptor drugs. In our case, however, the patient had been treated for 2 years with an IL-17A inhibitor without ever developing eczematous reactions, which occurred, however, shortly after starting therapy with bimekizumab, an IL-17A, F and A/F inhibitor.
Identifying microfoundations of dynamic managerial capabilities for business model innovation
Authors: Hock‐Doepgen Marianne , Heaton Sohvi , Clauss Thomas , Block Jörn
Published: August 2024

Research Summary

Although business model innovation (BMI) is said to be underpinned by managerial capabilities, there is a lack of studies that delve into the mechanisms through which these capabilities support BMI. In this study, we highlight internal and external advice seeking as underlying microfoundations of dynamic managerial capabilities for BMI and examine the mediating role of coordination flexibility capabilities (CFCs). With a survey dataset of 254 senior managers, our research reveals that external advice seeking capabilities positively influence BMI. Interestingly, the impact of internal advice seeking on BMI is fully mediated by CFC. Furthermore, our results indicate that the extent to which internal advice seeking impacts CFC is strengthened in firms with high levels of digitalization.

Managerial Summary

While business model innovation (BMI) is often linked to the skills of managers, there is a lack of research exploring which particular skills actually drive BMI. In our study, we focus on how seeking advice internally and externally are crucial skills for managers in contributing to BMI, with coordination flexibility capabilities (CFC) playing a mediating role. Using data from a survey of 254 senior managers, we found that seeking external advice has a positive impact on BMI. Surprisingly, the influence of seeking internal advice on BMI is only significant when firms have high CFC at the organizational level. Additionally, we discovered that the relationship between internal advice seeking and CFC is stronger in highly digitalized firms.
Well‐Dispersed CsPbBr3@TiO2 Heterostructure Nanocrystals from Asymmetric to Symmetric
Authors: He Jiazhen , Liu Wanli , Hu Zhiyi , Wang Xiaoqian , Liu Jinfeng , Yin Zhiwen , Xu Zhewei , Li Hang , Deng Zhao , Zou Ji , Song Kang , Zhao Dongyuan , Liu Yong
Published: August 2024

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have undergone rapid development in the fields of solar cells, light diodes, lasing, photodetectors, etc. However, the MHPs still face significant challenges, such as poor stability and heterocompositing with other functional materials at the single nanoparticle level. Herein, the successful synthesis of well‐dispersed CsPbBr3@TiO2 heterostructure nanocrystals (NCs) is reported, in which each heterostructure NC has only one CsPbBr3 with a precise anatase TiO2 coating ranging from asymmetric to symmetric. Due to the protection of anatase TiO2, CsPbBr3 shows dramatically improved chemical stability and photostability. More significantly, the synthesized CsPbBr3@TiO2 heterostructure NCs form a type II heterojunction, which strongly promoted efficient photogenerated carrier separation between anatase TiO2 and CsPbBr3, hence leading to improved optoelectronic activity. This study provides a robust avenue for synthesizing stable and highly efficient MHPs@metal oxide heterostructure NCs, paving the way for the practical application of all inorganic perovskites.
Towards an ontology for process compliance with the (machinery) legislations
Authors: Gallina Barbara , Steierhoffer Gergő László , Young Olesen Thomas , Parajdi Eszter , Aarup Mike
Published: August 2024

Legislations impose requirements on the manufacturing of machinery. Typically, these requirements are interpreted and refined by (domain‐specific) technical committees and published in terms of standards. At the company level, these refined requirements are further interpreted, refined, and documented in terms of internal processes. Due to the proliferation of (interdependent) legislations and standards and the consequent increase of the cognitive complexity, at the company level, manual knowledge management is becoming more and more challenging and requires automated decision support. Despite the availability of approaches aimed at automating the decision support, no one offers a satisfactory solution. In this paper, we focus on knowledge management for process compliance and we propose a novel structured ontology. Our ontology aims at mastering (by dividing and conquering via tracing) the cognitive complexity of the compliance problem, when heterogeneous and sometimes geographically distributed knowledge‐driven organizational structures (legal department, standardization department, etc.) are involved and need to communicate. We also illustrate the potential usefulness of our proposed ontology in the context of pumps manufacturing and safety process compliance with the Machinery Directive and related harmonized standards including EN 809:1998+A1. Specifically, first, we identify the competencies that characterize departments and interdepartment interactions, then we formulate an initial set of competency questions that translate those identified competencies, then we show how the ontology can be exploited to retrieve the answers to the questions and how the answers can be exploited to build a justification for compliance. Precisely, we propose an argumentation pattern given in two different argumentation notations, and we show how it can be partly instantiated by exploiting the returned answers. The illustration also partly covers the compliance with the Machinery Regulation, expected to replace the Machinery Directive by January 2027. Finally, we sketch our intended future work.