bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEW IN CLINICAL LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF DERMATOPHYTE FUNGI IN CHILDREN WITH ATOPIC DERMATITIS
Authors: Arzumanian V. G. , Il`ina I. V. , Vasilieva G. V. , Magarshak O. O. , Mironov A. Yu.
Published: October 2019

Role of bacteria Staphylococcus spp., yeasts of Candida spp., Malassezia spp. genera in pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) in infant patients is well known. However, no data concerning the incidence of dermatophytes in such disease entity were obtained. Aim of the study was estimation of dermatophytes carriage in children with AD. Group of patients involved 44 persons 1 to 18 years old with clinically diagnosed acute AD. Especially for the study a method of skin scales collection was created: painless for patients and safe for medical personnel. The method is based on following stages - rubbing of lichenificated skin zones with sterile swab which was preliminary saturated with phosphate/Tween 80 buffer pH 7,9 and centrifuging of the suspension for sedimentation of skin scales. Microscopic examination of hydrolyzed scales was carried out at maximal magnification x1750, at that different dermatophyte and yeast fungal forms were registered. Spores of dermatophyte fungi were detected with 67,0% frequency, whereas dermatophyte mycelium - with 18,3% frequency. No correlation between dermatophyte spores and mycelium was found out (Pirson`s coefficient r=0,236), however no mycelium without spores was detected, but in 73,3% of cases spores occurred without mycelium. Yeast spores were detected in 45,2% of patients - this fact is agreed with data obtained earlier by the seeding method, but yeast mycelium was found out in 3,5% of patients. Therefore frequent occurrence of dermatophyte fungi on the skin of AD infants is revealed for the first time. At that dermatophytes were found out to exist more often in the form of spores. These results are important for choice of the further therapy.
INSULIN RESISTANCE IS AN ALIMENTARY DEFICIENCY OF ENERGY SUBSTRATES (GLUCOSE) IN THE BIOLOGICAL REACTION OF EXOTROPHY AND APHYSIOLOGY COMPENSATION BY FATTY ACIDS VIA THE BIOLOGICAL REACTION OF ENDOTHROPHY
Authors: Titov V. N. , Karganov M. Yu.
Published: October 2019

The deficiency of energy substrates in the biological function of trophology and biological reaction of exotrophy is formed by two factors. Excess of meat in the diet leads to high content of palmitic fatty acid (FA) in hepatocytes and formation of palmitic triglycerides (TG). Post heparin lipoprotein lipase slowly hydrolyzes palmitic TG in blood plasma lipoproteins and releases small amounts of FA. If dietary carbohydrate content is low, the biological function of exotrophy does not provide the substrate from which hepatocytes can rapidly produce oleic nonesterified FA de novo. Energy substrate deficiency activates the biological function of adaptation and the biological reaction of compensation. Under the effect of epinephrin NEFA deficiency is compensated via the biological reaction of endotrophy and lipolysis in omental visceral fat cells. In insulin resistance (IR) syndrome, the biological function of feeding is realized nonphysiologically while the biological reaction of adaptation is realized physiologically. An increase in NEFA blood content physiologically blocks glucose uptake in cells. Biological role of insulin consists in conversion of distant ocean-living carnivorous (fish-eating) ancestors of Homo sapiens with palmitic type of FA metabolism into herbivorous dry land-living species with oleic type metabolism of FA. The IR syndrome can be normalized. To this end a) the patient’s will to activate the cognitive biological function (intellect) and b) comprehension of the fact that phylogenetically dry land-living Homo sapiens has developed as a herbivorous but not carnivorous species. Concerning death rate, cardiovascular pathologies are dominating in populations of many countries, while feeding function disorders prevail in frequency. These disorders form the pathophysiological basis for all metabolic pandemias: 1) atherosclerosis and atheromatosis, 2) essential arterial hypertension, 3) metabolic syndrome, 4) obesity, 5) insulin resistance syndrome, 6) nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and 7) endogenous hyperuricemia. Persistent potential deficiency of energy for realization of all biological reactions and functions is the major metabolic disorders in diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance is a pathology associated primarily with FA and secondarily with glucose.
Especulación sobre algunos impactos políticos de la forma prisión escolar católica: un caso colombiano
Authors: Congote-Ochoa Bernardo
Published: October 2019

el artículo se propone probar que cierta forma prisión, vigente en la escuela confesional católica, incidiría en la forma social de hacer política. Primero, describe brevemente la historia del modelo escolar con hitos en los períodos colonial y republicano colombianos. Y, de la mano de Foucault discute, tanto la sanción normalizadora aplicada sobre el alumno como el diseño panóptico del edificio escolar, ambos enmarcados en los modelos lasallista y jesuita. En segundo lugar, genera como resultados, en primer lugar, cómo se configura en Colombia, la forma prisión escolar, analizando un caso específico comparativo entre una escuela y una cárcel; y, segundo, define algunos de los impactos políticos que habría traído consigo sobre Colombia este modelo escolar. El hallazgo fundamental, consiste en demostrar cómo, bajo la forma prisión escolar, caso a caso las normas que rigen a un prisionero se asemejan detalladamente a las que rigen el comportamiento de un escolar. El artículo concluye probando que los conceptos escolares - carcelarios de orden moral, liberalidad y educación contribuirían a sembrar en los educandos cierta proclividad a favorecer, en su ejercicio de la política, modelos autoritario-violentos de gobierno.
Siervos sin tierra: elementos para la compresión del autoritarismo en Colombia
Authors: Prieto Ruiz Ómar Jerónimo
Published: October 2019

A pesar de su larga tradición electoral, no podemos afirmar que Colombia sea un país democrático. La democracia plena, que implica el empoderamiento de quienes nunca han tenido poder, es una idea que, para los que siempre han tenido poder, es altamente peligrosa. Distintos discursos se han elaborado históricamente para garantizar la estabilidad del orden imperante. El texto tiene como objetivo develar la subordinación propiciada tras doctrinas que han fomentado, en nombre de la democracia, la imposición de estructuras autoritarias. El análisis gira en torno a la figura de campesinos, indígenas y afrodescendientes, sujetos subalternos por excelencia en el país.
18. YÜZYILDA YAZILMIŞ BİR NASİHAT KİTABI: LEVHNÂME
Authors: YİĞİTEROL Ömer Faruk
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma,  Türk İslam edebiyatına ait bir makaledir. Üç
bölüme ayrılan bu çalışma; eserin müellifinin tespit edilmeye çalışıldığı
bölüm, eserin şekil ve muhteva özelliklerinin verildiği bölüm ve eserde yer
alan ayet ve hadislerin incelendiği bölümden müteşekkildir. İncelenen eser, Mevlânâ Muhammed Emîn
Müftîzâde’ye ait olduğu düşünülen Levhnâme adlı eserdir. Levhnâme, 1744 yılında
kaleme alınmıştır. Mesnevi nazım şekliyle yazılan bu eser, bir pendnâme
örneğidir. Toplamda 779 beyitten meydana gelmiştir. 18. yüzyıla ait olan bu
eser, yirmi sekiz bölümden meydana gelmektedir. 
Eser, çeşitli başlıklarla farklı ahlaki konulardan bahsetmektedir. Bu
özelliğiyle Attar’ın Pendnâme’si ile benzerlik göstermektedir.

Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde;
Levhnâme’nin kütüphane kayıtlarında geçen Mevlânâ Resmî’ye ait olmadığı dile
getirilmiş ve bununla birlikte müellif olduğuna delilleriyle birlikte ispatlanmaya
çalışılan Mevlânâ Muhammed Emîn Müftîzâde’nin hayatından bahsedilmiştir. İkinci
bölümde; söz konusu eserin şekil ve muhteva özellikleri belirtilmiş ve eserin
yirmi sekiz bölümünün konularından bahsedilip bu konulara beyitlerle örnekler
sunulmuştur. Son bölümde de eserde yer alan ayet ve hadisler incelenmiştir.
THE EXISTENCE OF INDONESIAN WOMEN IN WOOP.ID AS AN ONLINE PORTAL MEDIA INFORMATION
Authors: Sari Noviana
Published: October 2019

The impact of current Digital Era and the influx of various Popular cultures is one reason why women began to show their existence in online media. The digital age makes women and society as a whole find a lot of conveniences, one of which is finding information, news or articles. However, nowadays women are attached to a variety of negative opinions in online media such as pornography objects and sexism issues, but with the presence of a number of special websites around women as if they have more value than sexism but have a positive space in online media. The phenomenon of women's interrelation and the internet is interesting to observe because the internet has its own way of opening new spaces for women to interact those penetrate distance, space, and time. Women move into a market icon that has spectacular value in the world of marketing. Women are considered great beings who can balance between social life, family, carrier, entrepreneurs and various interesting hobbies simultaneously. By analyzing the contents of the text in the media and dissecting articles on the woop.id website that represent women in general and broad in a more concise portion of the lives of women who are active and dynamic in a portal. Acculturation of pop culture and conventional culture Fashion & Beauty, Health, Wedding, Love & Sex and other representations of how many parts of a woman positive action on the internet, not just being a cyberporn, sexual harassment, kidnapping, behavior narcissistic, and consumptive cultural targets. The existence of this website seems to be the starting point for all negative women's imagery in online media and helps accelerate women's empowerment in Indonesia.
Reducing Computational Load for Mixed Integer Linear Programming: An Example for a District and an Island Energy System
Authors: Kannengießer Timo , Hoffmann Maximilian , Kotzur Leander , Stenzel Peter , Markewitz Peter , Schütz Fabian , Peters Klaus , Nykamp Stefan , Stolten Detlef , Robinius Martin
Published: October 2019

The complexity of Mixed-Integer Linear Programs (MILPs) increases with the number of nodes in energy system models. An increasing complexity constitutes a high computational load that can limit the scale of the energy system model. Especially in microgrid optimisation problems with multiple buildings and energy systems with a number of rival supply, distribution and storage technologies, methods are sought to reduce this complexity. In this paper, we present a new 2-Level Approach to MILP energy system models that determine the system design through a combination of continuous and discrete decisions. On the first level, data reduction methods are used to determine the discrete design decisions in a simplified solution space. Those decisions are then fixed, and on the second level the full dataset is used to extract the exact scaling of the chosen technologies. The performance of the new 2-Level Approach is evaluated for a case study of an urban energy system with six buildings and an island system based on a high share of renewable energy technologies. The results of the studies show a high accuracy with respect to the total annual costs, chosen system structure, installed capacities and peak load with the 2-Level Approach compared to the results of a single level optimization. The computational load is thereby reduced by more than one order of magnitude, while a significantly higher accuracy is reached in comparison to the common time series aggregation approach.
Bending, Nanoindentation and Plasticity Noise in FCC Single and Poly Crystals
Authors: Bolin Ryder , Yavas Hakan , Song Hengxu , Hemker Kevin J. , Papanikolaou Stefanos
Published: October 2019

We present a high-throughput nanoindentation study of in-situ bending effects on incipient plastic deformation behavior of polycrystalline and single-crystalline pure aluminum and pure copper at ultra-nano depths (<200nm). We find that hardness displays a statistically inverse dependence on in-plane stress for indentation depths smaller than 10nm, and the dependence disappears for larger indentation depths. In addition, plastic noise in the nanoindentation force and displacement displays statistically robust noise features, independently of applied stresses. Our experimental results suggest the existence of a regime in FCC crystals where ultra-nano hardness is sensitive to residual applied stresses, but plasticity pop-in noise is insensitive to it.
Grinding Kinetics of Slag and Effect of Final Particle Size on the Compressive Strength of Alkali Activated Materials
Authors: Petrakis Evangelos , Karmali Vasiliki , Bartzas Georgios , Komnitsas Konstantinos
Published: October 2019

This study aims to model grinding of a Polish slag and evaluate the particle size distributions of the products obtained after different grinding times. Then, selected products were alkali activated in order to investigate the effect of particle size on the compressive strength of the produced alkali activated materials (AAMs). Other parameters affecting alkali activation, i.e. temperature, curing and ageing time were also examined. Among the different mathematical models used to simulate the particle size distribution, Rosin-Rammler (RR) was found to be the most suitable. When piecewise regression analysis was applied to experimental data it was found that the particle size distribution of the slag products exhibits multi fractal character. In addition, grinding of slag exhibits non-first-order behavior and the reduction rate of each size is time dependent. The grinding rate and consequently the grinding efficiency increases when the particle size increases, but drops sharply near zero after prolonged grinding periods. Regarding alkali activation, it is deduced that among the parameters studied, particle size (and the respective specific surface area) of the raw slag product and curing temperature have the most noticeable impact on the compressive strength of the produced AAMs.
Passage Performance of Technical Pool-Type Fishways for Potamodromous Cyprinids: Novel Experiences in Semiarid Environments
Authors: Sanz-Ronda Francisco J. , Bravo-Córdoba Francisco J. , Sánchez-Pérez Ana , García-Vega Ana , Valbuena-Castro Jorge , Fernandes-Celestino Leandro , Torralva Mar , Oliva-Paterna Francisco J.
Published: October 2019

Endemic freshwater fish from semiarid environments are among the most threated species in the world due to the water overexploitation and habitat fragmentation problems. Stepped or pool-type fishways are used worldwide to reestablish longitudinal connectivity and mitigate fish migration problems. Many of them are being installed or planned in rivers of semiarid environments, however, very few studies about fish passage performance through pool-type fishways has been carried out to date on these regions. The present work focuses on the passage performance of two potamodromous cyprinids endemic of these regions, with different ecological and swimming behavior: southern Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus sclateri) and Iberian straight-mouth nase (Pseudochondrostoma polylepis), in two of the most common types of stepped fishways: vertical slot and submerged notch with bottom orifice fishways. Experiments were carried out during the spawning season in the Segura River (South-Eastern Spain), using a PIT tag and antennas system. Ascent success was greater than 80%, with a median transit time lower than 17 minutes per meter of height in all trials and for both species and fishway types. Results show that both types of fishways, if correctly designed and built, provide interesting alternatives for the restoration of fish migration pathways on these regions.
The Development of a Standardized Pathway for Outpatient Ambulatory Fracture Surgery
Authors: Wolfstadt Jesse I. , Wayment Lisa , Koyle Martin A. , Backstein David J. , Ward Sarah E.
Published: October 2019

Background:

Increased scrutiny of health-care costs and inpatient length of stay has resulted in many orthopaedic procedures transitioning to outpatient settings. Recent studies have supported the safety and efficiency of outpatient fracture procedures. The aim of the present study was to reduce unnecessary inpatient hospitalizations for healthy patients awaiting surgical treatment of a fracture by 80% by June 30, 2017, with a focus on timely, efficient, and patient-centered care.

Methods:

The study design was a time series using statistical process control methodology. Baseline data from October 2014 to June 2016 were compared with the intervention period from July 2016 to December 2018. The Model for Improvement was used as the framework for developing and implementing interventions. The main interventions were a policy change to allow booking of outpatient urgent-room cases, education for patients and nurses, and the development of a standardized outpatient pathway.

Results:

One hundred and eighty-seven patients during the pre-intervention period and 308 patients during the intervention period were eligible for the ambulatory pathway. The percentage of patients managed as outpatients increased from 1.6% pre-intervention to 89.1% post-intervention. The length of stay was reduced from 2.8 to 0.2 days, a decrease of 94.0%. Patient satisfaction remained high, and there were no safety concerns while patients waited at home for the surgical procedure.

Conclusions:

The outpatient fracture pathway vastly improved the efficiency and timeliness of care and reduced health-care costs. A patient-centered culture and support from hospital administration were integral in producing sustainable improvement.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Core Set of Radiographic Parameters for Shoulder Arthroplasty Monitoring
Authors: Durchholz Holger , Salomonsson Björn , Moroder Philipp , Lambert Simon , Page Richard , Audigé Laurent ,   on behalf of the Shoulder Arthroplasty (SA) Monitoring Steering Group, Sperling John , Schwyzer Hans-Kaspar
Published: October 2019

Background:

Some unfavorable local events following shoulder arthroplasty occur without the patient experiencing symptoms and yet may be detected on diagnostic imaging, thereby serving as indicators of complications that may require revision. Our aim was to create a standardized protocol for an image-based monitoring process for assessing patients who are asymptomatic following shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods:

A Delphi exercise was implemented with the participation of an international panel of experienced shoulder surgeons. On the basis of expert opinion from a core steering group, an initial list of imaging parameters for shoulder arthroplasty monitoring of asymptomatic patients was developed and reviewed by panel members. The most appropriate imaging modality was identified. Between each survey, all feedback was considered in order to revise the proposed core set with its definitions and specifications. Consensus was reached upon a two-thirds agreement.

Results:

Three online surveys were administered, with 98 surgeons responding to the first and/or the second survey. The response rate for the final survey was 74%. Final parameter definitions were organized in 7 categories (implant migration, radiolucency around implant and implant loosening, signs of shoulder displacement, bone resorption and formation, wear of implant articular surfaces, fractures around the implant, and implant breakage and disassembly) and approved with 85% to 100% agreement. Seventy-eight percent of the panel members agreed on a minimum radiographic imaging schedule: standard anteroposterior and axial (alternatively, Y) views made within 6 weeks after implantation and between 3 and 6 months as well as at 12 months post-surgery.

Conclusions:

Our work presents a monitoring tool developed with international consensus for the assessment of asymptomatic patients after shoulder arthroplasty and including a structured core set of radiographic parameters. Clinical application and scientific evaluation of the monitoring process are needed.

Clinical Relevance:

This represents a major step toward the standardization of shoulder arthroplasty radiographic monitoring for routine quality controls and research investigations.
Combined Molecular and Morphological Taxonomy of the Beccarii/T3 Group of the Foraminiferal Genus Ammonia
Authors: Hayward Bruce W. , Holzmann Maria. , Tsuchiya Masashi
Published: October 2019

A quest to collect live specimens of the well-known foraminifer Ammonia beccarii for sequencing has led to the recognition of five molecular species in Europe all related to it, but no live A. beccarii itself. The five molecular species all clump together in one clade (T3) of the Ammonia phylogenetic tree. All are characterized by large size, ornament on the umbilical side and a deep spiral, sutural fissure on the spiral side (beccarii morphogroup). All five molecular species can be discriminated based on distinct morphological differences as Ammonia batava (North Sea, northeast Atlantic, west Mediterranean Sea), A. corallinarum (northeast Atlantic, west Mediterranean Sea), A. pawlowskii n. sp. (Mediterranean Sea, west Indian Ocean), A. falsobeccarii (North Sea, east Atlantic seaboard, Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf), and A. neobeccarii (Mediterranean and Black seas). Using morphological characters, a further four species are recognized in the beccarii morphogroup for which no sequences are presently available: A. beccarii (Mediterranean Sea, northeast Atlantic), A. batava compacta (west Atlantic seaboard), A. debenayi n. sp. (west Indian Ocean), A. venecpeyreae n. sp. (west Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Aden). One species, A. japonica (China, Japan, South Korea), for which sequences have been obtained, is included in the beccarii morphogroup based on morphological characteristics but differs genetically from the beccarii group. Another species, similar to A. falsobeccarii with secondary sutural openings on the spiral side but probably not part of the beccarii morphogroup because it lacks the spiral sutural canal typical of the group, is described as new – A. langeri (Indian Ocean, East Indies, south Australia). A growth series of A. beccarii topotypes from Rimini, north Adriatic Sea, is illustrated to aid in its recognition and a neotype designated and illustrated. Extinct fossil members of the beccarii morphogroup include A. ikebei, A. inflata, A. italica, A. nakazatoensis, A. punctatogranosa, A. reyi, A. togopiliensis, A. viennensis, and A. voorthuyseni.
Health system workforce’s performance capacity towards integrated leading, managing and governing practices: with special reference to the application of factor analysis and ordinal logistic regression
Authors: Ambelie Yeshambel Agumas , Alene Getu Degu , Gebrekiros Damen Hailemariam
Published: October 2019

AbstractObserving over-led and under-managed, over-managed and under-governed, and even out of these health organizations remains a common phenomenon in low and middle-income countries. The current study looks at the health system workforce’s performance capacity towards integrated leading, managing, and governing practices and its predictors in Ethiopia. Eight hundred thirteen health facility employees completed a multi-item questionnaire. The data were fitted to factor analysis and ordinal logistic regression models. The factor analysis was employed to develop a scientifically reliable and empirically scalable measurement model. The model was assembled from items rated, factors extracted and error variances observed. Besides, the health system workforce’s performance capacity was computed and labeled. Moreover, the ordinal logistic regression was conducted to identify predictors of the performance capacity. The outputs of factor analysis provided a four-factor measurement model. This model had acceptable estimates, composite reliability, and average variance extracted. Eighty-four percent of the participants had reported low (41.3%) and moderate (42.7%) performance capacity towards integrated leading, managing, and governing practices. Sex and responsibility were among significantly associated predictors. Empowering the health system workforce towards integrated leading, managing and governing practices using a scientifically reliable and empirically scalable model is important, particularly in resource-limited settings. In this regard, the policies and strategies should give due attention to females and service owners. The current results could provide a foundation for training and future research.
Analysis on the influence of the proportion and growth rate of different categories of drug clinical trial research funds on quality improvement in China recently six years
Authors: Chen Liran , Chen Huafang
Published: October 2019

Background: The China food and drug administration (CFDA) issued the Announcement of Self-examination and Inspection of Clinical Drug Trial Data on July 22, 2015. Great changes have taken place since the launch of the most stringent drug registration self-examination and inspection in history; the cost of clinical trials is one of the important changes. Methods: The paper compares the changes in the cost of clinical drug trials on both the number and the structure of the trials 3 years before and 3 years after self-examination and inspection were initiated by the CFDA,analyzes the impact on the cost of the clinical research coordinator ( CRC ), the labor service of researchers, audit companies, institutional drug management and quality control on the quality improvement of clinical drug trials. Conclusions: According to the article, the emergence and increase in most clinical trial costs are conducive to the quality enhancement of clinical drug trials,However, the emergence and continued increase of CRC costs can improve the quality of clinical drug trials in some ways and hinder it in others..To improve the quality of clinical trials, China must regulate the booming site management organization ( SMO ) market and actively formulate industry standards and qualification certifications for CRCs.
Exploration of the pathological mechanism of endometriosis in rats using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Miao Furui , Li Zhenjuan , Li Muyue , Fan Yushan
Published: October 2019

Background : This study aimed to explore the pathological mechanism of endometriosis (EMs) in rats by high-throughput sequencing.
Methods : Rat EMs model, sham operation group and drug treatment group were established. Uterine tissue was collected for construction of sequencing library and high-throughput sequencing. Data quality was examined. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was carried out.
Results : Percentages of both high-quality sequence Reads and high-quality sequence bases accounted for more than 98%, suggesting that the data quality was acceptable. Total sequences mapped to reference genome (Total Mapped) accounted for more than 90% of total sequences used for mapping (Clean Reads), suggesting that the mapping results of the sequencing data were acceptable. There were 440 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the drug treatment group compared with the sham operation group, 382 DEGs in the drug treatment group compared with the model group, and 503 DEGs in the sham operation group compared with the model group. We screened genes ENSRNOG00000023079 and ENSRNOG00000012175 related to vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. The DEGs were mainly enriched in the signaling pathways such as phagosome, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway, hematopoietic cell lineage, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction.
Conclusions : EMs might begin with the inflammatory response of the ectopic endometrium. Phagocytes played a key role in this process. The ectopic endometrium adhered to the abdominal wall with the help of the inflammation reaction, generated blood vessels, and finally transformed into growing lesions.
Testing and Refining a Neonatal Resuscitation Training Model for Semi-Skilled Birth Attendants to Manage Neonatal Emergencies in Oyo State, Nigeria.
Authors: Olaniyi Adenike , Ncama Busisiwe
Published: October 2019

Background: Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) is a stimulated-based educational model developed to training birth attendants in low-income counties in basic neonatal stabilization. The scientific basis of HBB stemmed from neonatal evidence evaluation. Evaluation of this model gives an exhaustive understanding of the effectiveness of the training process and potential needs for improvement. Methods: This was a mixed method study conducted to test an existing, and develop an acceptable model suitable for the training of semi-skilled birth attendants in rural Nigeria. Data intake was both quantitative and qualitative using sequential approach. Questionnaire was used for quantitative data collection, while focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews were adopted for qualitative. Qualitative data was entered into SPSS version 21, qualitative data were digitally recorded and transcribed. Both sets of data was coded and analyzed. Result: Findings from this study revealed very poor knowledge and skills of neonatal resuscitation among semi-skilled birth attendants before training was instituted. Their knowledge and resuscitative skills improved immediately after the training. The adapted model was evaluated and refined to suit the training of semi-skilled birth attendants in rural Nigeria. The outcomes were impressive, almost all respondents had improved skills in both newborn care and resuscitation of asphyxiated newborns. Conclusion: This refined model of training of semi-skilled birth attendants will improve neonatal care through advancement of educational efficacy. This model of training should be implemented by relevant stakeholders in the care of children to reduce newborn mortality and improve survival. Keywords: Neonatal, Testing, Refining, Community Health Worker, Hypoxia
Validation of the Tokyo guideline 2018 treatment proposal for acute cholecystitis from a single-center retrospective analysis
Authors: Bekki Tomoaki , Abe Tomoyuki , Amano Hironobu , Hanada Keiji , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ohdan Hideki , Noriyuki Toshio
Published: October 2019

Background Based on the revised Tokyo guideline 2018 (TG18), early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is recommended in patients who satisfy the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) criteria and the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification (ASA-PS). Our study aims to determine the efficacy of TG18 treatment strategy. Methods We enrolled 324 patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) diagnosed by TG18 who underwent cholecystectomy between 2010 and 2018. Perioperative variables and surgical outcomes were analyzed according to the TG18 treatment strategy and severity grading. Results ASA-PS scores and CCI were significantly higher in patients with Grade II (GII) and GIII AC. Higher severity grading resulted in failed LC, requiring blood transfusion and bailout surgery. The TG18 within group showed a higher proportion of GI and GII AC and their ASA-PS scores were also significantly lower. TG18 within group demonstrated significant differences in the achievement of LC, bailout surgery, postoperative hospital stays, and 90-day mortality rates. Intraoperative blood loss and blood transfusion were significantly higher in the TG18 outside group than that in the TG18 within group. Conclusions Our study shows that the TG18 treatment strategy is well-designed and efficacious. Novel findings Our study established the feasibility and efficacy of TG18. The usefulness of performing aggressive surgery beyond the TG18 strategy requires further study.
What about Gastric Schwannoma? A systematic review
Authors: Lauricella Sara , Valeri Sergio , Masciana Gianluca , Mazzotta Erica , Pagnoni Chiara , Saponaro Costanza , Falcone Lorenza , Benvenuto Domenico , Caricato Marco , Capolupo Gabriella Teresa
Published: October 2019

Background Gastric schwannomas (Gs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis is commonly achieved by pathological examination of resected specimen. In most cases surgical resection of submucosal gastric lesions is performed with wide margins. New minimally invasive techniques are described in an increasing number of cases. Methods A Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase systematic review of the literature has been performed. Original papers, review articles, case reports published between 1988 and 2019 were considered eligible. Only papers written in English with full text available have been included. Articles reporting a follow up period, the type of treatment of the primary tumor and the appearance of local or distant recurrence were compared and analysed. Statistical analysis of data has been performed using GraphPad Prism 7 software. Results 328 articles were found and a total of 102 were included in the analysis. Fifty-three papers reported the follow-up information, ranging from 1-417 months across different studies. Among them, 31 patients underwent endoscopic removal of the gastric lesions, 140 patients local surgery, including wedge resection or partial gastrectomy and 148 patients underwent subtotal or total gastrectomy. The median follow-up was of 27-38-33 months respectively. No recurrence or distant metastasis were detected in endoscopic group. Among local surgery group, liver metastasis was reported in one case; in extended surgery group one patient died for multiple liver metastases. Conclusions In comparison with endoscopic group, local or more extended surgery involved a larger cohort of patients and reported satisfactory long-term results. Surgical approach in absence of a definite pre-operative diagnosis is considered the gold standard treatment for resectable Gs due to the excellent long-term outcome. Further studies are warranted to define the role of endoscopic treatment. Keywords : Schwannoma, neurinoma, gastric neurinoma, gastric schwannoma.
Development of domain-specific epistemological beliefs of physiotherapists: A longitudinal study
Authors: Bientzle Martina , Cress Ulrike , Kimmerle Joachim
Published: October 2019

Background
Epistemological beliefs (EBs) and therapeutic health concepts are two important factors of influence that affect how healthcare professionals process treatment-relevant information. A previous investigation compared physiotherapy students’ EBs and therapeutic health concepts with those of professionals in a cross-sectional study. That study design, however, did not allow for any conclusions about the temporal development of these concepts. This shortcoming has been addressed in the study presented here, which aimed to assess that temporal development.
Methods
In a longitudinal study, physiotherapists filled in a questionnaire that measured their personal EBs about physiotherapy and about medicine, as well as their biomedical and biopsychosocial therapeutic health concepts. The participants were first examined during their medical training (December 2011). The follow-up measure was about three years later when the participants had become professional physiotherapists (January 2015). The development of their EBs was examined using paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results
The analysis was based on 41 participants who filled in the questionnaire at both time points and were working as physiotherapists at the time of the second measurement. There was a development of physiotherapy-related and a development of medicine-related EBs: Physiotherapy-related as well as medicine-related EBs were more sophisticated when physiotherapists had already entered the working world than during their physiotherapy training. Due to psychometric problems of the scales, the development of their therapeutic health concepts could not be analyzed.
Conclusions
EBs are an important factor for (lifelong)learning. Physiotherapy-related and medicine-related EBs developed similarly in both domains. This is an indication that the temporal development of EBs is an expression of professionalization of healthcare personnel in their occupational field. The findings demonstrate that the development of EBs is not completed at the end of vocational training; it appears to be a development that continues even after the transition to professional life.
From the Legacy of 19th-Century Ukrainian Intellectuals: Two Seminal Essays
Authors: Stech Marko Robert
Published: October 2019

Introduction to translations of two nineteenth-century seminal Ukrainian essays.
Review of Borislav Chernev. Twilight of Empire: The Brest-Litovsk Conference and the Remaking of East-Central Europe, 1917-1918.
Authors: Lalande J.-Guy
Published: October 2019

Book review of Borislav Chernev. Twilight of Empire: The Brest-Litovsk Conference and the Remaking of East-Central Europe, 1917-1918. U of Toronto P, 2017. xx, 308 pp. Maps. Illustrations. Glossary. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $77.00, cloth.
Review of Oksana Maksymchuk and Max Rosochinsky, editors. Words for War: New Poems from Ukraine.
Authors: Ivashkiv Roman
Published: October 2019

Book review of Oksana Maksymchuk and Max Rosochinsky, editors. Words for War: New Poems from Ukraine. Introduction by Ilya Kaminsky, afterword by Polina Barskova, Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University / Borderlines Foundation for Academic Studies / Academic Studies Press, 2017. Ukrainian Studies, edited by Vitaly Chernetsky. xxvi, 246 pp. Illustrations. Glossary. Geographical Locations and Places of Significance. Notes to Poems. Index. $37.00, cloth.
Review of Iurii Shapoval. Oleksandr Shums'kyi: Zhyttia, dolia, nevidomi dokumenty; Doslidzhennia, arkhivni materialy.
Authors: Palko Olena
Published: October 2019

Book review of Iurii Shapoval. Oleksandr Shums'kyi: Zhyttia, dolia, nevidomi dokumenty; Doslidzhennia, arkhivni materialy [Oleksandr Shums'kyi: Life, Fate, Unknown Documents; Research, Archival Materials]. Foreword by Iaroslav Hrytsak, Zhurnal “Ukraina moderna” / Vydavnytstvo “Ukrains'ki propilei,” 2017. Ukraina. Ievropa: 1921-1939 [Ukraine. Europe: 1921-1939], vol. 1. 744 pp. Illustrations. Index. $39.95, cloth.
La clase insecta en la Iconografía Inka
Authors: Suclli Efrain , Moriano Melanie , Deza Rivasplata Jaime
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo permite establecer niveles de interacción respecto a la percepción de los insectos frente a las actividades humanas, estas fueron plasmadas en gráficas recogidas por el investigador Jenaro Fernández Baca Cosio el año 1980, igualmente se recogió información de etnográfica y el registro de motivos de cerámica expuestas en el museo de la Casa Concha, entre otros.Los gráficos estilizados representarían a un total de 21 especímenes de insectos representados en Iconografía Inka, ubicados en 7 órdenes, 12 familias y 9 géneros, todo ellos expresarían un lenguaje abstracto sobre la vinculación antrópica y una respuesta cultural sobre el efecto de los insectos y los cultivos en forma de plagas, polinizadores, predadores de otros insectos, y sobre todo la fascinación que despertaron en el quehacer humano
MANAVGAT YÖRESİNDE HALK HEKİMLİĞİ UYGULAMALARI
Authors: GÖRGEÇ Celal
Published: October 2019

Asırlar boyunca insanlar karşılaştıkları hastalık, ölüm gibi, yaşamlarını tehdit eden durumlar karşısında önleyici, iyileştirici yöntemler ve yaklaşımlar belirlemeye çalışmışlardır. Bu yöntemler genel bağlamda halk hekimliği olarak değerlendirilir. Günümüzde, sayıları azalmış olsa da, hâlâ çeşitli nedenlerle halk hekimliği yöntemlerine başvurulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Antalya ilinin Manavgat ilçesi merkez ve kırsal mahalleleri, yani köylerinde, bilinen ve uygulanan sağlıkla ilgili halk inanışları ile geleneksel iyileştirme yöntemleri konu edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle araştırma alanına ilişkin bilgiler verilmiş, ardından yörede kullanılan halk hekimliği kavramları açıklanmış ve çalışmamızın odak noktası olan yöredeki sağlığa dair uygulanan gelenek, inanış ve aydaş bişirme, dutma dutma, köstek kesme, temre çizme, vb. uygulamalar ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya sağaltımlarda metafizik unsurlardan nasıl yararlanıldığı ve kullanılan şifalı bitkiler de eklenmiştir.Çalışmanın sonunda halk kültürünün kent merkezinde, köylere göre daha çabuk unutulup kaybolduğu, köylerde ise eskisi kadar olmasa da kent merkezine göre daha canlı bir şekilde yaşadığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmayla birlikte günümüzde kaybolmak üzere olan ve her geçen gün unutulan bu halk kültürü ürünleri ve uygulamaları kayıt altına alınmaya ve böylelikle geleceğe aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra karşılaştırmalı çalışmalara kaynaklık etmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Placental Maspin Gene Expression Pattern May Be Used to Distinguish Between Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Onalan Gogsen , Terzi Yunus Kasim , Tohma Yusuf Aytac , Yurtcu Erkan , Kuscu Esra , Sahin Feride Iffet , Zeyneloglu Hulusi Bulent
Published: October 2019

Objective: Maspin is one of the members of serin protease inhibitor superfamily, and acts as a tumor suppressor protein. Here we report maspin expression in placental tissues of preeclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation pregnancies.Study Design: Maspin expression level was analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR method. For this purpose, placental tissue samples were obtained from pregnancies 13 with intrauterine growth retardation, and 6 with preeclampsia, and also 12 tissues from women without preeclampsia or intrauterine growth retardation history were included as controls. Results: Maspin expression was found to be 11-fold higher in placentas from preeclampsia patients than placentas from intrauterine growth retardation patients (p=0.036). However, there was no difference between preeclampsia and control groups (p=0.76), and intrauterine growth retardation and control groups (p=0.849).Conclusion: As far as we know this is the first study reporting expression level of maspin in placental tissues of pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation. These findings support that molecular pathology between preeclampsia and IUGR might be different at the molecular level and maspin levels in the placenta may be used to differentiate preeclampsia from IUGR.
Calidad de frutos vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) procedente de la Huasteca Potosina, México
Authors: Cervantes Castillo Adán , Lima Morales Mónica , Delgado Alvarado Adriana , Herrera Cabrera Braulio Edgar , Arévalo Galarza Gustavo Antonio , Soto Hernandez Ramón Marcos , García Osorio Cecilia , Arévalo Galarza Ma. de Lourdes C.
Published: October 2019

Introducción: La vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews), es una orquídea cuyo fruto beneficiado presenta características organolépticas sobresalientes, siendo la segunda especia más costosa después del azafrán y utilizada como saborizante y aromatizante. Debido a cambios en el patrón climático en la región productora del Totonacapan, en Veracruz, México, la productividad de la vainilla ha disminuido, pero en otras regiones como la Huasteca Potosina, la producción comercial representa una opción para los productores locales. Por lo anterior en este estudio se evaluó la calidad de la vainilla procedente de 14 sitios de once localidades, pertenecientes a ocho municipios de la Huasteca Potosina, San Luis Potosí, México.Método: Se cosecharon frutos de vainilla de cada localidad, en madurez fisiológica de 32 semanas de edad (224 días después de polinización), y se sometieron a un mismo proceso de beneficio y posteriormente se evaluaron variables como dimensión, porcentaje de humedad, actividad de agua, contenido de azúcares solubles totales y compuestos del aroma en el fruto beneficiado.Resultados: Se encontró que el azúcar predominante en frutos de vainilla beneficiado fue la glucosa, con 1.55-4.28 %. Los frutos provenientes del 60% de los lugares de colecta cumplieron con la norma de longitud mínima. El ácido vaníllico fue el componente del aroma con mayor variación. El contenido de vainillina de los frutos provenientes de todos los municipios tuvieron más de 1.2 %, y solo las muestras de fruto de dos sitios (Tixcuayuca3 y Tamala) cumplieron con el mínimo de 2.0 % que exige la NOM-182-SCFI-2011.Discusión y conclusión: Existe una variación significativa en el contenido de compuestos aromáticos, con una baja relación entre los compuestos del aroma (p-hidroxibenzóico, ácido vaníllico y p-hidroxibenzaldehído) y vainillina de 6.97-11.87 de los frutos de vainilla beneficiadas procedentes de 14 sitios de la Huasteca Potosina, México. Estas diferencias se consideran el resultado de la interacción del medio con la especie, condiciones del cultivo, nutrición, entre otras. A pesar de esto se pueden encontrar frutos que sobresalen por su calidad organoléptica, principalmente por el contenido de vainillina, como los frutos procedentes de los municipios de Matlapa, Xilita y Tamazunchale.
La confianza como factor determinante para las estrategias agropecuarias de los productores del altiplano oeste potosino
Authors: Ramírez López Artemio , Figueroa Rodríguez Katia Angélica , Figueroa Sandoval Benjamín , Coronado Minjarez Martín Alexander , Castellanos Gutiérrez Yaneli
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las implicaciones que tiene la confianza de los productores según sus estrategias productivas, sus relaciones con otros miembros de su cadena productiva y con otros productores de la región. Se aplicó una encuesta a 1044 productores del Altiplano Oeste Potosino, que consideró la confianza e importancia que se tiene hacia otros productores, su cliente principal y proveedor principal. Las diferencias entre los promedios de confianza y la importancia de la relación fueron medidas mediante un análisis de varianza con prueba de Tukey. Además, se empleó un modelo de regresión logística para determinar la influencia que la confianza tiene en las decisiones de los productores de la región al momento de asociarse, prestar dinero, pedir dinero, recibir asesoría y firmar contratos. Los resultados mostraron que en ambas estrategias existe la misma confianza tanto para clientes y como para proveedores. El tipo de relación con mayor confianza es la familiar, seguido por el de amistad. Sin embargo, en las estrategias agropecuarias bovina y ovina, la importancia de la relación marca una tendencia hacia la valoración por las relaciones de negocios. El grado de conocimiento que dicen tener estos ganaderos de sus clientes es mayor a lo reportado por el resto de las estrategias agropecuarias dentro de la región. Los modelos de regresión no lograron precisar que la confianza influya en las decisiones de los productores encuestados. La importancia que tiene la confianza entre productores agropecuarios de la región podría ser menor a lo reportado en otras partes del mundo, sin embargo existen estrategias, como la generación de sociedades cooperativas, que pueden fomentarla en los pobladores rurales, contribuyendo de una forma más efectiva a su bienestar económico y al mejor aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales empleados en sus actividades productivas.