bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of antibodies for pertussis and diphtheria among people leaving or entering China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Han Hui , Fang Zhiqiang , Ye Xiangguang , Wu Hailei , Zuo Feng , Shi Quan , Mu Jinping , Xu Baoliang
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Despite high population immunity, pertussis remains one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT) and diphtheria among the adult male population leaving or entering China.

Methodology: Blood samples were obtained from 240 Chinese and 207 African healthy adults that were leaving and entering China, respectively. Serum IgG antibodies against PT (anti-PT IgG) and diphtheria were determined.

Results: The mean concentration of anti-PT IgG antibodies was 13.82 IU/mL and 18.11 IU/mL for the leaving and entering populations, respectively. None of the studied Chinese leaving China were seropositive for pertussis. Of the 240 subjects leaving China, 209 (87.1%) had anti-diphtheria antibody concentrations of ≥ 0.1 IU/mL and 31 (12.9%) had antibody concentrations between 0.01 and 0.099 IU/mL. Eleven (5.31%) of the studied Africans entering China had anti-PT IgG antibodies higher than 30 IU/mL and thus were considered seropositive for pertussis. Of the 207 Africans entering China, antibody concentrations of ≥ 0.1 IU/mL were found in 164 subjects (79.2%) while 43 (20.8%) had antibody concentrations between 0.01 and 0.099 IU/mL.

Conclusions: Almost all Chinese adult men leaving China and most African men entering China have very low serum antibody levels of pertussis. Furthermore, the antibody level of diphtheria among these two populations was low among adults. A larger population study is needed to determine whether booster vaccinations against pertussis and diphtheria should be considered for adults in China and also for Africans entering China.
Antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in public hospitals of northeastern Mexico
Authors: González-Olvera Eliab M , Pérez-Morales Rebeca , González Zamora Alberto , Castro-Escarpulli Graciela , Palma-Martínez Ingrid , Alba-Romero José J
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the second most prevalent opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections in Mexico. This study evaluated antibiotic resistance, production of virulence factors and clonal diversity of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients undergoing nosocomial infections in public hospitals of northeastern Mexico.

Methodology: Ninety-two P. aeruginosa isolates from urine culture, Foley catheter, ear, wounds, respiratory tract secretions, scalp, blood culture, bronchoalveolar lavage, expectoration and cerebrospinal fluid causing nosocomial infections were analyzed. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF and antibiotic resistance profiles obtained by MicroScan®. The production of virulence factors was analyzed with spectrophotometric techniques and isolates genotyped by ERIC-PCR.

Results: Out of the 92 isolates, 26 (28.2%) were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR); 21 (22.7%) were classified as extremely drug resistant (XDR). Highest resistance rate was found for gatifloxacin (42%) while ciprofloxacin accounted for the antibiotic with the lowest resistance rate (2%). Bronchoalveolar lavage isolates produced the highest amounts of virulence factors: biofilm (44.4% ± 2.7%), elastase (58.5% ± 4.3%), alkaline protease (60.1% ± 5.0%); except for pyocyanin production. The ERIC-PCR assay showed 83 genetic patterns (90% clonal diversity) and 13 isolates had 100% genetic similarity, forming 4 real clones, 3 of these clones were obtained from different anatomical site and/or hospital.

Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors production was heterogeneous among samples analyzed. Genotyping of P. aeruginosa strains showed high genetic diversity in the studied isolates.
Evolution in Extremis: The When, How, and Why of Hawaiian Carabid Beetles
Authors: Liebherr James
Published: June 2019

The Hawaiian Archipelago is the most isolated oceanic island system in the World, separated from the nearest source areas by more than 4000 km. Five independent colonization events have resulted in diversification of a native carabid beetle fauna in excess of 400 known species. This diverse assemblage is disharmonic, with the major radiations restricted to the platynine genus Blackburnia Sharp (139 species), the subgenus Nesocidium Sharp of Bembidion Latreille (21 species), and the moriomorphine genus Mecyclothorax Sharp (239 species). Biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary attributes of these three radiations are compared in order to determine factors crucial to carabid beetle diversification in this most-isolated situation. Biogeographical attributes include the age of origin of the constituent radiation, the island likely colonized by its common ancestor, and the biological characteristics, where known, of the colonizing ancestors for each independent radiation. Ecological attributes include the amount of habitat specialization undergone during each radiation, taking into account the primordial habitat colonized and the subsequent pattern of occupation of different habitat types during diversification. Evolutionary attributes include brachyptery, body-size evolution, sexual selection, and the evolution of specialized body conformations. It is shown that ecological specialization—i.e., occupation of a diverse array of ecological zones and microhabitats—in concert with reduced dispersal ability brought on by evolution of brachyptery are positively associated with enhanced levels of diversification. Comparing sympatric island faunas, it is shown that the latter operates synergistically with body size, as the smaller-bodied Mecyclothorax beetles speciate much more rapidly than the larger-bodied Blackburnia on Maui and Hawai῾i Island. Nonetheless, small body size does not gaurantee high diversity, as Bembidion beetles attain body sizes similar to Mecyclothorax beetles. Age of origin of a radiation is a subsidiary criterion for diversification given that the Mecyclothorax radiation commenced only 1.2 Ma, whereas it is hypothesized that Blackburnia have been resident in the Hawaiian archipelago for upwards of 28 Ma. Thus especially for Blackburnia we are constrained in our ability to know all of the evolutionary products of the radiation due to extinction of presumably all or nearly all species that occupied the now-sunken islands northwest of the oldest high island of Kauai. We are fortunate to know of several extinct Blackburnia species discovered in lowland subfossil deposits in Kauai, and these species provide crucial information now regarding future patterns of extinction. Sexual selection can be demonstrated for the Bembidion subgenus Nesocidium, and is a likely explanation for genitalic evolution over parts of the Mecyclothorax radiation, but it is not a phenomenon pervasively associated with increased levels of speciation.
Nebria germari Heer, 1837 – insight about the distribution and ecology of a climate-sensitive species of the Eastern Alps
Authors: Valle Barbara , Ambrosini Roberto , Caccianiga Marco , Gobbi Mauro
Published: June 2019

Nebria germari (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is a cold-adapted species currently restricted to high altitude habitats of the Eastern Alps and exhibits fragmented distribution patterns suggesting refugial occurrence. It is a brachypterous species (thus with low dispersal ability) and it has nocturnal forage behaviour (mainly predating springtails and midges).

Since N. germari is an endemic and a climate-sensitive species, we performed a study aimed at describing the past distribution on the Dolomites (Italy), the ecology and the current population dynamic on debris-covered glaciers of this area where it is still abundant.

The past distribution was investigated by reviewing literature and analysing the labels of the specimens preserved in some Museum collections. We found that, until the second half of the last century, the lower altitudinal limit of this species was around 2000 m asl. Specifically, it was abundant in alpine grasslands on carbonate substrata (Carex firma-dominated). Field data collected in the last ten years demonstrated the current extinction in this grassland type of the Southern Alps, with a consequent contraction of the distribution.

Currently, N. germari is still abundant in high altitude, north-faced, scree slopes with macroporal soil structure, in deep underground and on debris-covered glaciers due to its preference for cold temperatures (i.e. terrains with average annual temperature of ca. 0°C).

Preliminary results obtained analysing, through the snow-free period, the larval, sub-adult and adult abundance patterns on debris-covered glaciers suggest that, in this kind of harsh habitat, N. germari is a spring rather than an autumn breeder as was documented in the last century for the populations found in high alpine prairies. In addition, the population size seems to decrease from the snowmelt to the beginning of the snow period and to increase with the percentage of coarse fraction of the terrain. Conversely, no significant relation was found between the population size and the abundance of preys (Collembola) and competitors (Araneae).
Long-term trends in carabids over 25 years – community and population level analyses
Authors: Drees Claudia , Boutaud Estève , Homburg Katharina , Nolte Dorothea , Schuett Wiebke , Zumstein Pascale , Assmann Thorsten
Published: June 2019

In times of insect decline, long-term data become more and more important. Such data allow insights into long-term trends and an analysis of possible drivers underlying temporal changes of community and population structure. Using data from 25 years of continuous ground beetle trapping in an ancient woodland located in a large nature reserve in Northern Germany, we analysed temporal changes at both community and population level and identified potential underlying drivers. Ground beetle species significantly declined over time but biomass and number of trapped individuals remained constant. As the habitat was kept stable und unchanged in the last 25 years we also study the influence of external drivers such as climatic variables on phenology and population trends of the most-abundant species. We discuss our results in light of the ongoing insect decline and climate change.
Implementation of the TDWG Standards Documentation Specification
Authors: Baskauf Steven J
Published: June 2019

The Standards Documentation Specification (SDS) was ratified as a TDWG standard in 2017 (Baskauf et al. 2017). It specified formatting guidelines for documents, but also established a data model for standards components and their versions. The SDS provided broad guidelines for Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) use, and associated specific metadata properties to particular components, but left many details to implementers. Since 2017, progress has been made toward implementing the requirements of the SDS. Part of that work was reformatting existing documents to comply with the standard, but another major effort was designation of IRI patterns, assembling the necessary metadata, and creating a system that can generate the many vocabulary-related documents necessary to comply with the SDS. Thse documents not only include human-readable documents, but also machine-readable documents that can be acquired through content negotiation. In addition, the system makes available dumps that can be loaded into a graph database for querying. In this presentation, we will review these developments and see how the newly-available machine-readable metadata can be used to answer questions about existing standards and future controlled vocabularies.
Integrating Collector and Author Roles Across Specimen and Publication Datasets
Authors: Nicolson Nicky , Paton Alan , Phillips Sarah , Tucker Allan
Published: June 2019

This work builds on the outputs of a collector data-mining exercise applied to GBIF mobilised herbarium specimen metadata, which uses unsupervised learning (clustering) to identify collectors from minimal metadata associated with field collected specimens (the DarwinCore terms recordedBy, eventDate and recordNumber). Here, we outline methods to integrate these data-mined collector entities (large scale dataset, aggregated from multiple sources, created programatically) with a dataset of author entities from the International Plant Names Index (smaller scale, single source dataset, created via editorial management). The integration process asserts a generic "scientist" entity with activities in different stages of the species description process: collecting and name publication. We present techniques to investigate specialisations including content - taxa of study - and activity stages: examining if individuals focus on collecting and/or name publication. Finally, we discuss generalisations of this initially herbarium-focussed data mining and record linkage process to enable applications in a wider context, particularly in zoological datasets.
Semantic Annotation of Botanical Collection Data
Authors: Röpert Dominik , Reimeier Fabian , Holetschek Jörg , Güntsch Anton
Published: June 2019

Herbarium specimens have been digitized at the Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum, Berlin (BGBM) since the year 2000. As part of the digitization process, specimen data have been recorded manually for specific basic data elements. Additional elements were usually added later based on the digital images.

During the last twenty years, data were transcribed exactly as they were written on the labels, a widely used procedure in European herbaria. This approach led to a large number of orthographic variations especially with regard to person and place names.

To improve interoperability between records within our own collection database and across collection databases provided by the community, we have started to enrich our metadata with Linked Open Data (LOD)-based links to semantic resources starting with collectors and geographic entities. Preferred resources for semantic enrichment (e.g., WikiData, GeoNames) have been agreed on by members of the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF) in order to exploit the potential of semantically enriched collection data in the best possible way.

To be able to annotate many collection records in a relatively short time, priority was given to concepts (e.g., specific collector names) that occur on many specimen labels and that have an existing and easy-to-find semantic representation in an external resource. With this approach, we were able to annotate 52,000 specimen records in just a few weeks of working time of a student assistant.

The integration of our semantic annotation workflows with other data integration, cleaning, and import processes at the BGBM is carried out using an OpenRefine-based platform with specific extensions for services and functions related to label transcription activities (Kirchhoff et al. 2018).

Our semantically enriched collection data will contribute to a “Botany Pilot,” which is presently being developed by member organizations of CETAF to demonstrate the potential of Linked Open Collection Data and their integration with existing semantic resources.
The Creation of a Climatic Map of the Flora of the Netherlands
Authors: Sparrius Laurens , van der Hak Dion
Published: June 2019

In this study, a high-resolution map showing the response of wild plants to climate patterns was created by combining open data from various sources.

The first step was to estimate the average temperature in the European distribution of each plant species occurring in the Netherlands. We used GBIF observations (GBIF.org 2017, 70.3M records) and the Worldclim2 BIO1 climatic model (Fick and Hijmans 2017) as datasources. Data cleaning included taxonomy (mapping names to local nomenclature and identifiers), removing taxa with less than 250 observations, and spatial aggregation to match a 50 km UTM grid. As GBIF data was found to be spatially biased, we overlayed both datasets using a bootstrapping approach (Sparrius et al. 2018a, Sparrius et al. 2018b). This resulted in a temperature indicator for thousands of plant species called the Species Temperature Index (STI).

The second step is to create a map that combines spatial distribution of flora with the temperature indices. The distribution of all vascular plants in the Netherlands was extracted as a 1x1 km grid from the National Database Flora en Fauna (NDFF 2017, 22M observations). The mean community STI, or Community Temperature Index (CTI), was then calculated for all species occurring in each grid cell. The result is a map showing the temperature as indicated by the flora.

On the map several patterns are visible which can be statistically explained by the the average temperature in the country, urban heat islands, and influx of southern species along rivers (Fig. 1).
Exploring and Reconstructing Ancestral Anatomies using Ontology-Informed Approaches
Authors: Tarasov Sergei , Miko Istvan , Yoder Matthew , Uyeda Josef
Published: June 2019

Ancestral character state reconstruction has been long used to gain insight into the evolution of individual traits in organisms. However, organismal anatomies (= entire phenotypes) are not merely ensembles of individual traits, rather they are complex systems where traits interact with each other due to anatomical dependencies (when one trait depends on the presence of another trait) and developmental constraints. Comparative phylogenetics has been largely lacking a method for reconstructing the evolution of entire organismal anatomies or organismal body regions. Herein, we present a new approach named PARAMO (Phylogenetic Ancestral Reconstruction of Anatomy by Mapping Ontologies, Tarasov and Uyeda 2019) that takes into account anatomical dependencies and uses stochastic maps (i.e., phylogenetic trees with an instance of mapped evolutionary history of characters, Huelsenbeck et al. 2003) along with anatomy ontologies to reconstruct organismal anatomies.

Our approach treats the entire phenotype or its component body regions as single complex characters and allows exploring and comparing phenotypic evolution at different levels of anatomical hierarchy. These complex characters are constructed by ontology-informed amalgamation of elementary characters (i.e., those coded in character matrix) using stochastic maps. In our approach, characters are linked with the terms from an anatomy ontology, which allows viewing them not just as an ensemble of character state tokens but as entities that have their own biological meaning provided by the ontology. This ontology-informed framework provides new opportunities for tracking phenotypic radiations and anatomical evolution of organisms, which we explore using a large dataset for the insect order Hymenoptera (sawflies, wasps, ants and bees).
Ecotaxonomy: Linking taxa with traits and integrating taxonomical and ecological research
Authors: Sandmann Dorothee , Scheu Stefan , Potapov Anton
Published: June 2019

Ecological roles of underexplored groups, such as tropical invertebrates, can be inferred from their functional traits, such as body mass, dispersal ability, reproductive mode and feeding habits. Despite a strong need, a common database for invertebrate traits is yet to be created. Traits are defined as a property of individual organisms, however many parameters are similar in groups of organisms, i.e., in species or even at higher taxonomic levels. Such parameters may be attributed to taxa instead of individuals. Linking both facilitates ecological and conservation studies based on taxa or phylogenetic units. Another problem hampering understanding of tropical ecosystems is the high proportion of undescribed species, particularly in soil communities. To estimate diversity, ecologists often have to operate with morphospecies instead of Linnean taxa. Morphospecies typically are defined independently in each project or even by each person, which does not allow consistent re-use.

Ecotaxonomy database (ecotaxonomy.org), implemented as an open platform, addresses these issues (Fig. 1). The taxonomic system of Ecotaxonomy is based on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) taxonomic backbone (gbif.org), which is being complemented with traits, pictures, literature and other parameters. Both common and group-specific traits and characters can be customized in the system. Each morphospecies has to be defined by a common grid of identification characters, which is being developed in collaboration with group experts. Morphospecies then are incorporated into the existing GBIF taxonomic backbone and also inherit common characters and traits from the parental taxa. As an output the system provides open catalogs of traits and taxa, pictorial identification keys and trait matrixes. Further, by linking traits and taxa with individual-level and environmental data, Ecotaxonomy will be developed as a tool to push forward ecological research in underexplored groups and regions.
Ornamental plantings of Arbutus unedo L. facilitate colonisations by Charaxes jasius (Linnaeus, 1767) in Madrid province, central Spain
Authors: Cancela Juan Pablo , Vasconcelos Sasha
Published: June 2019

The distribution of butterfly species is limited by availability of larval host plants growing in suitable climatic conditions. The Two-tailed Pasha, Charaxesjasius (Linnaeus, 1767), is a Mediterranean butterfly with only sporadic historical records in Madrid, Spain’s most central province, where the host plant is uncommon and winters are colder than in most parts of the butterfly’s range. We show the first evidence of juvenile stages of the species in two towns of north-central Madrid and compile records of C.jasius from Madrid over the past four decades. Our results suggest that, in the absence of widespread host plants, C.jasius is using suburban ornamental plantings of its host plant to colonise a region which may be becoming more climatically suitable.
Introduction
Authors: Besse Laurent , Coton Christel
Published: June 2019

Des jeunesses sous uniforme : trajectoires, ressources et origines
Avec Paul, l’ agapè comme dépassement critique de la justice
Authors: Raimbault Christophe
Published: June 2019

Avec l’ agapè , Paul remet en question ce qui était considéré comme acquis. La justice divine est obtenue par la foi et non plus par les œuvres de la Loi. En Christ, la grâce divine a déjà justifié les pécheurs et leur a donné à nouveau l’accès à la gloire. La justification désigne en fait une proposition de Dieu. Le croyant qui accepte de consentir à la foi s’inscrit dans une nouvelle perspective eschatologique. Il peut conformer sa vie dès maintenant à cette nouvelle logique, celle de la croix. Elle porte un nom : l’ agapè . En discernant la volonté de Dieu, le croyant qui marche selon l’ agapè se conforme au Christ et grandit vers la ressemblance divine. La vie du croyant est alors guidée dans un processus critique de discernement, qui lui propose l’ agapè comme don à recevoir et comme projet à mettre en œuvre.
Golf as Therapy for Individuals With Mental Health or Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Grov Ellen Karine , Dahl Alv A.
Published: June 2019

The current study was undertaken to explore the experiences of individuals with mental health problems or substance use when introduced to systematic golf activities. The study examined the perceived impact of golf activities on participants' physical and mental health, social contact, and daily activities, as well as their overall evaluation of involvement in a Golf as Therapy group. This qualitative, cross-sectional study gathered data from 12 individual interviews. Qualitative content analysis based on the information from meaning units, subcategories, categories, and themes determined the interpretation of manifest and latent concepts. The findings revealed a positive influence on health and social well-being in addition to positive changes in daily activities. The main theme that arose from the data was
Shaping a New Direction in Life
, elaborated by the categories of ameliorated physical fitness, creation of a social meeting place, improved focus and concentration, practical help and support, and reduced mental symptom burden. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(10), 44–51.]
Palliative Care for Terminally Ill Individuals With Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Terpstra Terry L. , Williamson Shelley
Published: June 2019

Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) exhibit persistent patterns of instability in mood, impulse control, self-image, and interpersonal relationships. These issues complicate quality end-of-life care for this population and are of particular concern for hospice and palliative care nurses and health care providers. This article presents case studies of terminally ill individuals with BPD as a series of vignettes that present common clinical issues encountered by the palliative care team. Interventions suggested in the literature as well as approaches used by team members when working with terminally ill individuals with BPD are discussed. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 57
(9), 24–31.]
Evel Gasparini. Dalla letteratura russa all’etnologia slava
Evel Gasparini. Od ruske literature do slovanske etnologije

Authors: Faccani Remo
Published: June 2019

/Evel Gasparini. From Russian Literature to Slavic Ethnology./A quarter of a century has passed since the death of Evel Gasparini (1900–1982), a prominent Italian Slavicist and anthropologist. Presenting his life and work, this article focuses on his interest in art and in ideas of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky and, on the other hand, on his passionate research of cultural history and Slavic ethnology, of their development, and of their mature stages. Gasparini had obtained considerable helpful assistance from South Slavic ethnographers such as Milko Matičetov and others.
Cross-Cultural Narration in the Nineteenth Century: Jewish Folk Narratives Transcribed by a Polish Author
Medkulturna pripoved v 19. stoletju: Judovske ljudske zgodbe, ki jih je zapisal poljski avtor

Authors: Bar-Itzhak Haya
Published: June 2019

The authoress discusses “The Miracle in the Cemetery” (“Cud na kirkucie”) by the Polish author Klemens Junosza and uses it to examine an important topic related to folk literature and the circumstances of its narration. Considered are the basic theoretical issues in the study of folk literature, specially cross-cultural narration and its influence on the text created in such a situation.
Križišča niso nikoli sama. Mejni prostori na Krasu in v Istri
Crossroads are Never Alone. Border Areas of the Karst and Istria

Authors: Hrobat Katja , Lipovec Čebron Uršula
Published: June 2019

The authors endeavour to understand the symbolic power of crossroads through the ethnographical records from Istria and the Karst in Slovenia. From the Antiquity to this day the crossroads are marked with different monuments, ranging from ancient landmarks and Christian symbols to memorials to fallen heroes and national monuments. In peoples' imagination crossroads are perceived as dangerous places, where different demonic forces gather and meet. On the other hand, they also represent the meeting places of benevolent creatures and sites of apotropaic and magic acts, so their character is ambivalent. Besides crossroads there are several other examples of liminal places, sites of crossings and borders, which attract supernatural forces. Liminal spaces will be discussed within the dualistic perspective, where reality is perceived on the grounds of binary oppositions, and on the idea of an empty centre, a »gap«, which was constantly being attempted to diminish and domesticate.
Vnešnost' mifologičeskih suščestv: slavjanskie paralleli
Izgled mitoloških bića – slovanske paralele

Authors: Radenković Ljubinko
Published: June 2019

/The appearances of mythological beings/.Mythological creatures may appear in anthropomorphical, zoomorphical, “zero-morphical” forms; there exist also some mixed images of their appearance. Often the same creature, depending on the land where it appears, may have various images. It is also necessary to consider their ability to turn into different animals and objects. The article is an attempt to describe their appearace by means of binary oppositions.
„Živa, Göttin der Liebe, die slowenische Venus“: Ein Beispielfall literarischer Mythopoiesis
»Živa, bógnja ljubezni, slovenska Venera«: Vzorčni primer literarne mitotvornosti

Authors: Marinčič Marko
Published: June 2019

France Prešeren's epic poem The Baptism at the Savica (1836) presents the goddess of love, Živa, as a central figure in the Slavic pantheon, the religion of the Ancient Slavs itself being imagined as a dualistic system centered around the conflict between Živa as a naturalistic principle of Life and Črti, »the Hating Ones«. There are at least three reasons for believing that Prešeren's Živa is a literary construct esentially based on Virgil's Venus: 1) she is only mentioned in one historical source, 2) she is described as a »Slavic Venus« by the author himself, 3) a crucial scene leading to the conversion of the angry pagan warrior (Črto-mir, “the peace-hater”) is based on the scene of Virgil’s Aeneid (2.566 ff.) in which Venus prevents the angry hero from killing Helen. It is argued that Prešeren constructs the “pagan” antagonism between Love and Strife on the model of the traditional allegory of Venus and Mars, and that the syncretistic tendency of the Christian creed presented at the end of the poem can be explained by a reference to the Platonist allegory of duae Veneres.
Sustav svetišta oko Babožnice
The System of Sanctuaries around Babožnica

Authors: Đermek Anđelko
Published: June 2019

The last year author described the system of sacred triangles around Babožnica in the lower Zagorje region northwest of Zagreb in Croatia. In this article author gives further space analysis of the reconstructed sacral points and gives their mythological interpretation. The author concludes that the locations of the sanctuaries are connected with the Slavic calendar. This calendar and space points are in the myth connected with the cult of sacred wedding of Mara and Jarilo. After the wedding Jarilo is sacrificed and killed. This act shows some connection with a cauldron.
O strukture treh gomerovskih gimnov: K Apollonu Delosskomu, K Apollonu Pifijskomu, K Germesu
On the Structure of the Three Homeric Hymns: To Delian Apollo, To Pythian Apollo, To Hermes

Authors: Yevzlin Mikhail
Published: June 2019

The article analyses the structure of the homeric hymn To Apollo, the two parts of which – “To Delian Apollo” and “To Pythian Apollo” – are considered as a single ritual text. Apollo is also a central personage of the hymn “To Hermes”, which, together with “To Delian Apollo” and “To Pythian Apollo”, can be considered as part of the single ritual cycle.
Panagia Tricherousa. A Celtic Myth among the Slavic Popular Beliefs?
Panagija Troeručica, kel'tskij mif sredi slavjanskih narodnyh poverij?

Authors: Lajoye Patrice
Published: June 2019

A particular type of icon, known in all oriental Christendom (orthodoxe world), shows the Holy Mother having three hands. On the most ancient copies, the third hand is in silver. The legend which accompanies this icon, of Serbian origin, could well be a relic of Celtic mythology in the Balkans.
Mariborske vedute: razlagalne povedke o mestu in okolici
Maribor Views: Explanatory Tales of the City and Its Surroundings

Authors: Haramija Dragica
Published: June 2019

Discussed are the tales in which Maribor with its surroundings represents the setting of the story. This type of short prose is most frequently classified under etiological (explanatory) tales and to some extent also as legend or myth tales.
Veles u psalmu
Der Slawische Gott Veles in einem Psalm

Authors: Katičić Radoslav
Published: June 2019

Psalm 22, 1-2 and 4 sings about Jahve, the God, who cares about the believer as the shepherd cares about his lamb. In connection with this, the Psalm sings about the grazing meadow filled with the green grass, about the water and resting on the water, about the valley that is overshadowed by death. All these are the motifs that are connected with Veles, the Slavic god of cattle. On the basis of available comparative material, the question about the origin of this complex of motifs could not be answered.
What is “Real” in Believing in Supernatural Beings? The Informant’s Cut
Što je “stvarno” u vjerovanju u nadnaravna bića. Kazivačeva verzija

Authors: Šešo Luka
Published: June 2019

Recent field research into traditional beliefs in supernatural beings (werewolves, fairies, witches, and mòras) among the inhabitants of the Dalmatian hinterland has shown that such beliefs are still present within certain groups. This fact opens up a possibility of asking present-day informants different kinds of questions, not often asked in folkloristic and ethnological research conducted in these regions. First and foremost, these refer to the question of what the informants themselves think about believing in supernatural beings, why people believe in them and talk about them. Thus in this paper there will be no talk about the nature, doings and names of supernatural beings or narrative forms they occupy, but about the notions and explanations of the very informants. Through informants’ own interpretations and additional data about them were gathered on the basis of a modified questionnaire we will be able to better understand the reality of the informant’s relationship toward believing in supernatural beings.
Pričanja o neobičnim iskustvima iz djetinjstva i procesi ontogeneze
Storytelling about Unusual Childhood Experiences and Processes of Ontogenesis

Authors: Marković Jelena
Published: June 2019

The article focuses on certain characteristics of storytelling about childhood, collected using various methods and told in everyday life and in research interviews, and compares and contrasts them with the characteristics of traditional narratives, particularly memorates, as well as fabulates, negative legends and tall tales.
Lowbrow Skepticism or Highbrow Rationalism? (Anti)Legends in 19th-Century Croatian Primers
Pučki skepticizam ili elitni racionalizam? (Anti)predaje u hrvatskim početnicama 19. stoljeća

Authors: Hameršak Marijana
Published: June 2019

The article discusses one of the numerous intersections of orality and literacy in the long 19th century in Croatian society. More specifically, it focuses on the orality of Croatian primers published from 1779 until the start of World War I and the issue of the primers’ implementation of narratives which are today considered characteristic of oral communication and labeled as pseudo-, negative-, anti-legends (Dégh & Vázsonyi 1976). Looking into the issue of marginality of (anti)legends in the folklore collections and folkloristic research, and after discussing differences and similarities between (anti)legends published in primers and documented in folklore collections of this and the following period, the article discusses the question of whether their inclusion in long 19th century Croatian primers was the implementation of lowbrow skepticism or the intrusion of highbrow rationalism, or both.
Lingvistična antropologija in etnolingvistika
Linguistic Anthropology and Ethnolinguistics

Authors: Babič Saša
Published: June 2019

The article is a review of the development of linguistic anthropology and etholinguis tics. It examines connections and differences between them, and the differences between Moscow and Lublin tendencies. It also tries to state the methods of linguistic anthropology and the ethnolinguistic methods in Slovenia.
Zao čas u verovanju slovenskih naroda
«Neroven», «lih čas» v pover'jah slavjanskih narodov

Authors: Radenković Ljubinko
Published: June 2019

According to the Slavic beliefs, during the circulation of the time, at the shift between the night and the day, there is a dangerous interlude, when the man is exposed to the possibility of misfortunate accident or even death. If we imagine the time as the current that flows in from the daybreak till noon, and than flows out from the noon till late at night, than each stop along that route presents a “crack”, an entrance to the world beyond.
Ryba - mifologičeskij proobraz lodki
The Fish as a Mythological Prototype of the Boat

Authors: Razauskas Dainius
Published: June 2019

The known mythological ideas of the water body either as the way to the other world or as the very other world are first recalled in the article. Then, the ideas of the deceased sailing to the other world in boats or ships. After that, the archaic image of death as a big fish swallowing the deceased. This image, as a form of hut, is also traced in primitive initiations. Finally, it is furthermore maintained, on the grounds of some additional data, that the fish in this aspect is the mythological prototype of the boat or ship as such, which was firstly invented according to the knowledge gained during the corresponding initiation.
Potočka zijavka. Fertility Rites in The Raining Cave
Potočka zijavka. Obredja plodnosti v Deževni jami

Authors: Odar Boštjan
Published: June 2019

Potočka zijavka is one of the most mysterious Palaeolithic cave sites in Europe. For the first time it is proposed that in this cave 32-36 thousand years ago fertility rites were performed, worshipping a cave bear as totemic animal. Interestingly, we will not find any other archaeological traces in the cave, not even from the youngest historical periods, except of a rock-bowl that was hand-carved with chisel. Though there is no reliable information about the origin and meaning of the rock-bowl, another Slovenian cave site offers a very intriguing explanation about an old Slovene faith and fertility rite. At least in the Late Middle Ages the fertility rite was abandoned in Potočka zijavka, but the cave itself continued to play an important role in Christian religious thought as a sacred place until the 20th Century. The most exciting is the idea about the interplay of three basic elements, important for life: earth, water and sun. Thus we can follow the concept of trinity most probably far back into Palaeolithic times.
Inkulturacija, fenomen kulturnih procesov na Koroškem
Inculturation, a Phenomenon of Cultural Processes in Carinthia

Authors: Schnabl Bojan Ilija
Published: June 2019

In the perspective of cultural sciences »inculturation« is a phenomenon of transfer of cultural and mythological elements from one culture or religion to the other. Phenomenons of inculturation are known in the transition from paganism to Christianity. Processes of inculturation became relevant within the Iro-Scottisch Mission in Carantania with the use of the Slavic/Carantano-Slovenian language as liturgical language in the Freising Manuscript as well as through the use of the well integrated Slavic/Carantano-Slovenian Christian terminology of Ladinic origin 100 years later within the Cyrillo-Methodian translation of the whole Bible in the Old Church Slavic language.The article is expanded and adapted entry »Inculturation« from the upcoming »Encyclopedia of the Slovenian Language, Literature, and Culture in Carinthia: From the Early Beginnings until 1938« [Enzyklopädie der slowenischen Sprache, Literatur und Kultur in Kärnten/Koroška, von den Anfängen bis 1938], and discusses relevant terminology and cultural elements].
Vodník v české kultuře, zvláště v literatuře
The Water Spirit (vodník) in Czech Cultural Tradition, Especially in Literature

Authors: Šidák Pavel
Published: June 2019

The article is focused on the character of the in Czech cultural tradition. Here, the water spirit is emancipated from the framework of mythological (demonological) characters and has achieved an autonomous status. The article studies the reasons and the history of the process of demythologization, as expressed in art, mainly in literature and in the fine arts, and the resulting status of the water spirit as a polysemous symbol in the Czech cultural landscape.
Ludvik Janež – a Storyteller and Collector of Local Folklore Stories
Ludvik Janež – pripovedovalec in zbiralec lokalnega pripovednega izročila

Authors: Ivančič Kutin Barbara
Published: June 2019

The article presents Ludvik Janež from Čadrg, (Tolmin, northwest Slovenia), who is a folklore storyteller and collector of storytelling heritage. His rich repertoire has made him quite a name in his domestic environment, and in recent years he has often been invited to local schools, kindergartens, and various public events to enhance their cultural programme with storytelling. The article points out that with the observed storyteller the context of the event has an essential effect on the choice of text and texture (the performance of the narrative). By selecting his repertoire, its performance, and interpretation, the storyteller intentionally adapts to the social structure of the target audience and the event’s purpose. This means that the storyteller is aware that every group has different expectations and reception abilities. He therefore tries to motivate every specific group for optimal listening and understanding with carefully chosen contents and the means (requisites, costume, language) he uses to enhance his performance. Based on these elements, Janež’s repertoire can be divided into 5 types, which are all closely connected with the traditions of his native village.
Od abstraktnosti mita o Faroniki do alegorične konkretizacije teorije o Gaji
From the Abstract Myth about Faronika to the Allegoric Concretisation of the Theory of Gaia

Authors: Pangeršič Irena
Published: June 2019

In the article is discussed the connection between the myth about the fish Faronika and the metheorological and seismological phenomenons on the planet Earth.
Stonehenge Triangle
Trikotnik pri Stonehengeu

Authors: Đermek Anđelko
Published: June 2019

This paper describes a sacred triangle in a landscape of prehistoric England that was constructed around 2400 BC. The triangle consists of three henges: Stonehenge, Woodhenge and Bluestonehenge. In form it is a right isosceles triangle lined in respect to E-W and N-S lines.
The Multi-faced So-called Miniature Idols from the Baltic Sea Area
Wielotwarzowe miniaturowe idole z basenu Morza Bałtyckiego

Authors: Kajkowski Kamil , Szczepanik Paweł
Published: June 2019

The aim of this text is to present early medieval miniature figurines discovered in the Baltic Sea region. The authors review interpretations of this archaeological finds from literature and offer a new perspective for their functions. The next problem dealt with is the ethno-cultural membership of the users of the objects.We would consider those figurines as symbols or perhaps fetishes referring to a particular sacral power, perhaps associated with the four-faced god Svantevit(?), or as ritual requisites connected with magic practices (especially in the form of vegetation magic and love magic). The representations of four faces or four heads on these objects may have legitimized the creative power of these objects, i.e. a power sanctioned by the authority of a deity with particular competence. Consequently, in our view, the multi-faced figures found in different locations within the Baltic Sea area would suggest a Slavic presence.
The Merry Mystery of the Maypole. A Few Observations on the Role of the Comic Object in Religion and Culture
Vedra skrivnost mlaja. Nekaj opažanj o vlogi komičnega v verovanjih in kulturi

Authors: Lunaček Izar
Published: June 2019

This article begins by analysing the maypole rituals in European folklore as a case study to make a point that it is arguably expandable to religious practice in general: that the humorous is intimately interwoven with the sacred and that the comic object is the most rudimentary type of a sacred entity. Carnivalesque or New Year’s rituals, it is claimed, are characterized precisely by a temporary reign of the comic object, while their ending in the banishment or killing of the comical ruler open up a space for the emergence of a transcendent, wholly serious god. Frazer, Freud and Girard’s theories of culture and religion are re-examined in the view of this assumption and a number of concrete rituals and mythologies from different cultures re-evaluated as a test of its consistency.
The Three-Headed One at the Crossroad. A Comparative Study of the Slavic God Triglav
Troglavi na razpotju. Primerjalna študija o slovanskem bogu Triglavu

Authors: Dynda Jiří
Published: June 2019

This paper introduces a comparative analysis combined with a historical source overview concerning a particular Slavic god: Triglav. The aim of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that Triglav was, in the cosmological perspective, a deity connecting the structured layers of the world. Numerous indications from various written and archaeological sources may be drawn upon in the forming of a comprehensive picture of competences of this deity.
Simbolna krajina na širšem območju zgornje Vipavske doline
The Symbolic Landscape in the Wider Area of the Upper Vipava Valley

Authors: Kompare Tina
Published: June 2019

The aim of the contribution is to reconstruct the symbolic landscape on the base of the folk tradition in the Upper Vipava Valley and surroundings. However, there are visible differences in observed elements between the valley and the plateau, which is the result of the duration of its being inhabited and the density of population. It is to be understood from the folk tradition that the Nanos plateau has been considered as a holy mountain before the arrival of Christianity.
Nočni bojevniki: Kmečke herezije in čarovništvo na Slovenskem in v Furlaniji
Night Warriors: Peasant Heresies and Witchcraft in Slovenia and in Friuli

Authors: Šmitek Zmago
Published: June 2019

The author discusses records of the documents of two inquisition processes from the years 1583 and 1596 against a Friulian miller who was condemned as a member of the sect of banandanti, discovered by Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg and published in his famous book Cheese and Worms (1976). The Benandanti claimed that they were secretly gathering “in spirit” and fighting four times a year with sorcerers and witches in night battles. He compares them with Slovenian oral tradition about the kresniki and their opponents, the vedomci.
Pozabljeni Kamnik in njegovo jezero
Forgotten Kamnik and Its Lake

Authors: Klobčar Marija
Published: June 2019

During ethnological-folkloristic work in the Kamnik area, I often came across accounts of Kamnik or Nevlje Lake in the narratives of the local people. At the same time, encountered clearly expressed doubts regarding this tradition. This led to the explanation of the existence of the lake as early as when Christianity had spread across Slovenia. This explanation indicates new understanding of the town itself: it points to the existence of unknown Kamnik.
Smrt v virtualnem svetu: Dojemanje »dobre« in »slabe« smrti v spletni igri World of Warcraft
Death in Virtual World: Perception of “Good” and “Bad” Deaths in the Online Game World of Warcraft

Authors: Klaus Simona
Published: June 2019

The notion of “good” and “bad” deaths can be found in many cultures around the world as death has always had a significant role in the societies. Many beliefs and customs are connected with the time of death and the way someone died in order to grant the soul a safe passage into the otherworld. The game World of Warcraft is a complex example of how the notion of “good” or “bad” deaths is incorporated in the fantasy virtual world and in what ways the authors of the game make it possible for the players to define death they encounter on regular bases as being either “good” or “bad”. The article emphasizes the notion of death and its contexts play a significant role in the creation of this online world.