bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A facile reflux method for in situ fabrication of a non-cytotoxic Bi2S3/β-Bi2O3/ZnIn2S4 ternary photocatalyst: a novel dual Z-scheme system with enhanced multifunctional photocatalytic activity
Authors: Majhi Dibyananda , Das Krishnendu , Bariki Ranjit , Padhan Subash , Mishra Abtar , Dhiman Rohan , Dash Priyanka , Nayak Bismita , Mishra B. G.
Published: September 2020

A non-cytotoxic Bi2S3/β-Bi2O3/ZnIn2S4 photocatalyst assembled by in situ reflux method exhibits dual Z-scheme mechanism with excellent visible light assisted photocatalytic activity for tetracycline degradation, Cr(vi) reduction, H2 generation and bacterial inactivation.
Emerging linear activity trend in the oxygen evolution reaction with dual-active-sites mechanism
Authors: Yang Li , Wu Yuxuan , Wu Fan , Zhao Yuan , Zhuo Zhiwen , Wang Zhaowu , Li Xiyu , Luo Yi , Jiang Jun
Published: September 2020

A concisely linear OER activity trend associated with a new descriptor was obtained by the design of dual-active-sites catalysis in carbon nanotubes, providing a facile approach to reach the ideal value.
Novel cathode interfacial layer using creatine for enhancing the photovoltaic properties of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kim Guan-Woo , Choi Yelim , Choi Hyuntae , Min Jihyun , Park Taiho , Song Seulki
Published: September 2020

Eatable creatine is applied as an interfacial modification layer on the SnO2 layer to improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
Monodisperse PdSn/SnOxcore/shell nanoparticles with superior electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation performance
Authors: Gao Qiang , Mou Tianyou , Liu Shikai , Johnson Grayson , Han Xue , Yan Zihao , Ji Mengxia , He Qian , Zhang Sen , Xin Hongliang , Zhu Huiyuan
Published: September 2020

We synthesized monodisperse PdSn/SnOxcore/shell nanoparticles with excellent ethanol oxidation reaction activity and durability.
Progress on ultraviolet organic electroluminescence and lasing
Authors: Chen Minyu , Liao Yingjie , Lin Yang , Xu Tao , Lan Weixia , Wei Bin , Yuan Yongfang , Li Dongliang , Zhang Xiaowen
Published: September 2020

This review focusses on UV organic light-emitting diodes and organic solid-state lasers, and covers their recent development from organic chromophores and device configuration to practical applications.
Oxygen over stoichiometry in the 2H-perovskite related structure: the route to a large family of cation deficient Ising chain oxides Sr1+y[(Mn1−xCox)1−z□z]O3
Authors: Caignaert Vincent , Perez Olivier , Boullay Philippe , Seikh Md. Motin , Sakly Nahed , Hardy Vincent , Raveau Bernard
Published: September 2020

Considering the incommensurability of the Co–Mn spin chain oxides, the concept of oxygen over stoichiometry associated with cationic vacancies is demonstrated and quantified, allowing the design of fragmented Ising chain magnet derivatives.
Luminescent two-way reversible shape memory polymers prepared by hydroxyl–yne click polymerization
Authors: Wang Kaojin , Si Han , Wan Qing , Wang Zhiming , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2020

Luminescent two-way reversible shape memory polymers that could be fabricated into robotic grippers and realize double anti-counterfeiting are prepared via an organobase-catalyzed hydroxyl–yne click polymerization under mild reaction conditions.
A sensitive metal–organic framework nanosensor with cation-introduced chirality for enantioselective recognition and determination of quinine and quinidine in human urine
Authors: Liu Tian-Yu , Qu Xiang-Long , Yan Bing
Published: September 2020

Additional chiral centers have been introduced into Cd-MOF to prepare a novel luminescent probe (1-C-Eu), which demonstrates promise in the enantioselective recognition and detection of quinine and quinidine in human urine.
Organic matter in interstellar dust lost at the approach to the heliosphere
Authors: Kimura Hiroshi , Postberg Frank , Altobelli Nicolas , Trieloff Mario
Published: September 2020

Aims. We tackle the conundrums of organic materials missing from interstellar dust when measured inside the Solar System, while undoubtedly existing in the local interstellar cloud (LIC), which surrounds the Solar System.

Methods. We present a theoretical argument that organic compounds sublimate almost instantaneously by exothermic reactions, when solar insolation triggers the recombination of free radicals or the rearrangement of carbon bonds in the compounds.

Results. It turns out that the triggering temperature lies in the range of 20–50 K by considering that sublimation of organic materials takes place beyond the so-called filtration region of interstellar neutral atoms. We find that in-situ measurements of LIC dust in the Solar System result in an overestimate for the gas-to-dust mass ratio of the LIC, unless the sublimation of organic materials is taken into account. We also find that previous measurements of interstellar pickup ions have determined the total elemental abundances of gas and organic materials, instead of interstellar gas alone.

Conclusions. We conclude that LIC organic matter suffers from sublimation en route to the heliosphere, implying that our understanding of LIC dust from space missions is incomplete. Since space missions inside the orbit of Saturn cannot give any information on the organic substances of LIC dust, one must await a future exploration mission to the inner edge of the Oort cloud for a thorough understanding of organic substances in the LIC. Once our model for the sublimation of interstellar organic matter by exothermic chemical reactions of free radicals is confirmed, the hypothesis of panspermia from the diffuse interstellar medium is ruled out.
Superlensing property of 2-D glass photonic crystal
Authors: Ghosh Rajib , Chakraborty Rajib
Published: September 2020

A two dimensional square lattice photonic crystal (PhC) formed by placing glass matrix in air is proposed for subwavelength imaging around 840 nm. The superlensing behavior at relatively lower wavelength compared to other reported PhC superlens is obtained by this configuration. Other advantages of using glass is that they have lower optical absorption at this wavelength and is relatively cheap. By placing the proposed PhC arrangement between the object and the objective of a conventional optical microscope, superlensing effect can be realized. Moreover, any change in radius of glass rod during fabrication process can result in the shift of superlensing wavelength.
Von Interaktionen zu Interaktionsnetzwerken: Zeitabhängige
funktionelle Netzwerke am Beispiel der Epilepsie
Authors: Bröhl Timo , Rings Thorsten , Lehnertz Klaus
Published: September 2020

Das menschliche Gehirn ist ein komplexes Netzwerk aus interagierenden
nichtstationären Subsystemen (Netzwerk von Netzwerken), deren
komplizierte räumlich-zeitliche Dynamiken bis heute nur unzureichend
verstanden sind. Dabei versprechen aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bereich der
Zeitreihenanalyse sowie der Theorie komplexer Netzwerke neue und verbesserte
Einblicke in die Dynamiken von Hirnnetzwerken auf verschiedenen
räumlich-zeitlichen Skalen. Wir geben einen Überblick
über diese Entwicklungen und besprechen am Beispiel
zeitabhängiger epileptischer Hirnnetzwerke Fortschritte im
Verständnis von Hirndynamiken, die über multiple Skalen
hinweg variieren.
Von Licht- und Schattenseiten
Authors: Schanz Benno
Published: September 2020

Das Pflegepersonal-Stärkungsgesetz (PpSG) regelt neben dem Pflegebudget auch die Finanzierung der Ausbildung neu. Lesen Sie mehr über die veränderte Rahmensituation und die möglichen perspektivischen Konsequenzen.
Conservative treatment for fractures of the scaphoid
Authors: Chang Nick , Grewal Ruby
Published: September 2020

This review article aims to discuss the indications, techniques, outcomes, and complications of non-operative management of scaphoid fractures.
Vergleich der Kahnbeinrekonstruktion mit einem nicht-vaskularisierten Knochentransplantat mit und ohne intraoperativer Stoßwellenanwendung – vorläufige Ergebnisse
Authors: Mühldorfer-Fodor Marion , Wagner Matthias , Kottmann Tanja , van Schoonhoven Jörg , Prommersberger Karl-Josef
Published: September 2020

Hintergrund/Ziel Eine hochenergetische, fokussierte Stoßwellenbehandlung (ESWT) stimuliert die Knochenheilung durch Neo-Angiogenese und Aktivierung von Osteozyten. Diese Studie untersucht, ob durch eine intraoperative ESWT die Heilungsrate bei Rekonstruktion des Kahnbeins bei Pseudarthrose mittels nicht-gefäßgestieltem Knochentransplantat verbessert oder beschleunigt werden kann.

Patienten und Methoden In einer noch laufenden prospektiven Studie werden Patienten mit Rekonstruktion des Kahnbeins bei Pseudarthrose mit einem nicht-vaskularisierten Knochentransplantat randomisiert in Patienten mit (Interventionsgruppe) oder ohne (Kontrollgruppe) zusätzlicher intraoperativer ESWT. In 6-wöchigen Abständen erfolgen postoperativ klinische und radiologische Untersuchungen, nach 12, 18 und bei Bedarf 24 Wochen zusätzlich auch eine Computertomographie (CT). Interventions- und Kontrollgruppe werden hinsichtlich der prozentualen Durchbauung der Span-Kahnbein-Kontaktfläche distal und proximal des interponierten Knochenblocks postoperativ nach 12, 18 und 24 Wochen sowie der Ausheilung nach 24 Wochen verglichen. Zum Zeitpunkt der Datenerhebung waren bei 35 Patienten der Interventions- und 33 Patienten der Kontrollgruppe die vorgesehenen Nachuntersuchungen erfolgt.

Ergebnisse 24 Wochen postoperativ war bei 27 Patienten (77 %) der Interventionsgruppe und 20 Patienten (61 %) der Kontrollgruppe das Kahnbein geheilt. Die prozentuale Durchbauungsrate des Kahnbeins betrug proximal des Knochenblocks nach 12, 18 und 24 Wochen bei den als ausgeheilt eingestuften Kahnbeinen der ESWT-Gruppe jeweils 80 %, 84 % und 86 %, in der Kontrollgruppe 74 %, 81 % und 84 %. Distal des Knochenblocks betrug sie in der ESWT-Gruppe 91 %, 94 % und 95 %, in der Kontrollgruppe 77 %, 90 % und 94 %. Die Durchbauung war distal 12 Wochen postoperativ in der ESWT-Gruppe signifikant höher als in der Kontrollgruppe.

Schlussfolgerung Eine einmalige ESWT intraoperativ verbessert die Ausheilungsrate bei Rekonstruktion des Kahnbeins bei Pseudarthrose mit einem nicht-vaskularisierten Knochentransplantat und beschleunigt die Knochenheilung in den ersten 12 Wochen postoperativ.
Pränatale Diagnostik und postnatale Komplikationen im Fall einer extrem seltenen Tetraamelie
Authors: Schwickert Alexander , Dame Christof , Akanbi Sandra , Spielmann Malte , Schönborn Ines , Henrich Wolfgang
Published: September 2020

Eine Tetraamelie ist mit einer Prävalenz von 2,4 bezogen auf 10 000 000 Geburten extrem selten. Sie beschreibt das Fehlen aller 4 äußeren Extremitäten und kann mit anderen Fehlbildungen assoziiert sein. Bei dem hier vorgestellten Jungen wurde die Diagnose mit 22+1 Schwangerschaftswochen mittels Sonografie im 2D und 3D Modus gestellt. Die Eltern entschieden sich zur Fortsetzung der Schwangerschaft, der Spontanpartus erfolgte nach äußerer Wendung in 38+1 SSW. Postnatal erfolgte der operative Verschluss einer Spalte des weichen Gaumens. Im Bereich der Wirbelsäule und des Gesichts manifestierten sich zunehmend äußere Auffälligkeiten. Die anatomisch bedingt eingeschränkte psychomotorische Entwicklung des Kindes wird physiotherapeutisch, ergotherapeutisch und logopädisch gefördert. Verschiedene Hilfsmittel ermöglichen die Teilhabe an altersgerechten Aktivitäten.
The Value of Quantitative Musculoskeletal Imaging
Authors: Visser Jacob J. , Goergen Stacy K. , Klein Stefan , Noguerol Teodoro Martín , Pickhardt Perry J. , Fayad Laura M. , Omoumi Patrick
Published: September 2020

Musculoskeletal imaging is mainly based on the subjective and qualitative analysis of imaging examinations. However, integration of quantitative assessment of imaging data could increase the value of imaging in both research and clinical practice. Some imaging modalities, such as perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion MRI, or T2 mapping, are intrinsically quantitative. But conventional morphological imaging can also be analyzed through the quantification of various parameters. The quantitative data retrieved from imaging examinations can serve as biomarkers and be used to support diagnosis, determine patient prognosis, or monitor therapy.

We focus on the value, or clinical utility, of quantitative imaging in the musculoskeletal field. There is currently a trend to move from volume- to value-based payments. This review contains definitions and examines the role that quantitative imaging may play in the implementation of value-based health care. The influence of artificial intelligence on the value of quantitative musculoskeletal imaging is also discussed.
Quantitative Imaging in Muscle Diseases with Focus on Non-proton MRI and Other Advanced MRI Techniques
Authors: Weber Marc-André , Nagel Armin M. , Kan Hermien E. , Wattjes Mike P.
Published: September 2020

The role of neuromuscular imaging in the diagnosis of inherited and acquired muscle diseases has gained clinical relevance. In particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially whole-body applications, is increasingly being used for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. In addition, they are considered as a powerful outcome measure in clinical trials. Because many muscle diseases have a distinct muscle involvement pattern, whole-body imaging can be of diagnostic value by identifying this pattern and thus narrowing the differential diagnosis and supporting the clinical diagnosis. In addition, more advanced MRI applications including non-proton MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion MRI, T2 mapping, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy provide deeper insights into muscle pathophysiology beyond the mere detection of fatty degeneration and/or muscle edema. In this review article, we present and discuss recent data on these quantitative MRI techniques in muscle diseases, with a particular focus on non-proton imaging techniques.
Collateral Circulation in Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Garcia-Ballestas Ezequiel , Murlimanju B. V. , Durango-Espinosa Yeider A. , Joaquim Andrei F. , Vasquez Harold E. , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Agrawal Amit
Published: September 2020

Surgery is the most common cause of spinal cord ischemia; it is also caused by hemodynamic changes, which disrupt the blood flow. Direct ligation of the spinal arteries, especially the Adamkiewicz artery is involved as well. Other causes of spinal cord ischemia include arteriography procedures, thoracic surgery, epidural and rachianesthesia, foraminal infiltration, arterial dissection, systemic hypotension, emboligenic heart disease, thoracic disc herniation, and compression. Understanding the vascular anatomy of the spinal cord is essential to develop optimal strategies for preventing ischemic injuries to the spinal cord. During ischemia, a rich network of intra and paraspinal collaterals allow enough blood flow to compensate the intensity of spinal cord ischemia. In case of interruption of flow of a main artery, the collateral artery increases its flow to maintain perfusion to the tissues. Avoiding spinal cord ischemia by using collateral circulation is necessary to prevent the establishment of hypovolemia, hyperthermia and elevations in venous pressures. The objective of this narrative review is to present the current concepts of spinal collateral circulation and its role in the setting of ischemic events, affecting the vascular supply of the spinal cord.
Considerations for the Management of Women with Breast Cancer during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Irukulla Monica , Reddy Palwai Vinitha
Published: September 2020

Outcomes in cancer patients are strongly influenced by timeliness and quality of multidisciplinary interventions. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to severe disruption in cancer care in many countries. This has necessitated several changes in clinical care and workflow, including resource allocation, team segregation and deferment of many elective procedures. Several international oncological societies have proposed guidelines for the care of patients afflicted with breast cancer during the pandemic with a view to optimize resource allocation and maximize risk versus benefit for the individual and society. Clinicians may utilize these recommendations to adapt patient care, based on the current availability of resources and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in each region. This article discusses the guidelines for care of patients afflicted with breast cancer during the pandemic.
Microsurgery Fellowship Website and Social Media Presence: Are Programs Optimizing Recruitment Strategy?
Authors: Atia Andrew , Langdell Hannah C. , Hollins Andrew , Shammas Ronnie L. , Glener Adam , Marks Caitlin , Lee Bernard T. , Phillips Brett T.
Published: September 2020

Background Microsurgery fellowship applicants make decisions for future training based on information obtained from colleagues, mentors, and microsurgery fellowship program Websites (MFWs). In this study, we sought to evaluate the accessibility and quality of available information by microsurgery programs by analyzing the most commonly used web resources and social media outlets for applicants.

Methods The San Francisco (SF) Match and American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery Websites were queried in April 2020 for microsurgery fellowship programs (MFPs) participating in the SF Match. Twenty-two independent variables of information were assessed on MFWs based on previously published data. Social media presence was also assessed by querying Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter for official hospital, plastic surgery residency, and microsurgery fellowship accounts.

Results All 24 MFWs participating in the SF Match had a webpage. Program description, faculty listing, operative volume, and eligibility requirements were listed for all programs (100%). The majority of MFWs listed affiliated hospitals (75%), provided a link to the fellowship application (66.7%), listed interview dates (66.7%), and highlighted research interests (50%). A minority of MFWs provided information on conference schedule (37.5%), current fellow listing (25%), previous fellow listing (16.67%), and positions held by previous fellows (8.33%). No MFWs (0%) presented information on selection process, or rotation schedule.

All hospitals with an MFP had a Facebook page and nearly all had Instagram (83.3%) and Twitter accounts (95.8%). Plastic surgery residency programs at the same institution of an MFP had social media presence on Facebook (38.9%), Twitter (38.9%), and Instagram (66.7%). Only three MFPs had Facebook accounts (12.5%) and none had Instagram or Twitter accounts.

Conclusion As the field of microsurgery continues to grow, the need for effective recruitment and training of microsurgeons continues to be essential. Overall, we conclude that both the accessibility and quality of information available to applicants are limited, which is a missed opportunity for recruitment.
Burden of Moderate and Severe Head Injury in Kashmir Valley
Authors: Bhat Irfan , Malik Nayil , Kareem Kaiser , Ramzan Altaf , Sheikh Hilal , Wani Abrar , Singh Sarbjit , Arif Sajad , Rashid Abdual
Published: September 2020

Background Head injury is a major health hazard throughout the world. Overall, the mortality/morbidity has not changed much in the last few decades. In developing nations, the situation is worse.

Methods The study was conducted for a period of 1 year. The data collected include demographic profile, mode, circumstances and timing of the injury, neurological assessment using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scoring, computed tomography (CT) scan findings, type of management, and outcome.

Results Transport-related injuries and falls were the common cause of head injury, with more severe injuries seen in patients without wearing helmets and seat belts. The youth is at high risk of receiving head injuries. The summer season showed a maximum incidence of head injuries. The most common lesions on CT scan were linear fracture of the skull and brain contusion. Mortality rate was 26% and it correlated with the GCS at presentation.

Conclusion Head injury mostly affects young people and males outnumber females. Road traffic accident is the major cause. People not abiding by the traffic rules, such as wearing helmets and seat belts, were at high risk of developing head injury and poor outcome.
Hot-spot mix in large-scale HDC implosions at NIF
Authors: Zylstra A. B. , Casey D. T. , Kritcher A. , Pickworth L. , Bachmann B. , Baker K. , Biener J. , Braun T. , Clark D. , Geppert-Kleinrath V. , Hohenberger M. , Kong C. , Le Pape S. , Nikroo A. , Rice N. , Rubery M. , Stadermann M. , Strozzi D. , Thomas C. , Volegov P. , Weber C. , Wild C. , Wilde C. , Callahan D. A. , Hurricane O. A.
Published: September 2020

Mix of high-Z material from the capsule into the fuel can severely degrade the performance of inertial fusion implosions. On the Hybrid B campaign, testing the largest high-density-carbon capsules yet fielded at the National Ignition Facility, several shots show signatures of high levels of hot-spot mix. We attribute a ∼40% yield degradation on these shots to the hot-spot mix, comparable to the level of degradation from large P2 asymmetries observed on some shots. A range of instability growth factors and diamond crystallinity were tested and they do not determine the level of mix for these implosions, which is instead set by the capsule quality.
Drop impact onto pine needle fibers with non-circular cross section
Authors: Lebanoff Amy P. , Dickerson Andrew K.
Published: September 2020

Pine needles have evolved alongside rainfall for millennia. Needles are robust to raindrop impacts and the portions of mass impacting raindrops leave behind. Pine needles also provide a unique fiber profile by which to study liquid drop collisions on slender structures. In this experimental study, we use high-speed videography to film the impact of water drops onto green, rigidly supported Pinus palustris needles, which are of non-circular cross section. Impacts result in drop division into thin, ephemeral lobes, which collapse within milliseconds, splitting the parent drop. We measure orientation-dependent lobe shapes and separation angles, impact force, drop spreading on fibers, and mass retention. Lobes formed by impact with the rounded side of needles are parabolic in shape, while those with the wedged side are irregular. For a fixed drop size, impact forces on rounded surfaces are consistently less than those experienced by wedged surfaces, and the disparity in the impact force between the two orientations grows with the Weber number. The smaller of the two drop sizes on test is more effective at generating impact forces per drop weight than the larger drops. Post-impact, fibers in both orientations retain residual mass from the impacting drop. The wedged surface is more effective at splitting drops and shedding drop remnants.
Templated epitaxy of TiO2(B) on a perovskite
Authors: Lee Shinbuhm , Gao Xiang , Sohn Changhee , Ha Youngkyoung , Yoon Sangmoon , Ok Jong Mok , Chisholm Matthew F. , Noh Tae Won , Lee Ho Nyung
Published: September 2020

The bronze-phase TiO2(B) has an open atomic framework that makes it a good candidate for applications in photochemical and electrochemical conversion of energy. However, the synthesis of bronze-phase TiO2(B) thin films on perovskite substrates, such as SrTiO3 (STO), which is one of the most conventional versatile substrates for oxide epitaxy, has been extremely challenging owing to the preferential formation of the anatase TiO2 over TiO2(B). The main reason is that the anatase TiO2 has not only a smaller lattice mismatch than TiO2(B), but also a better structural symmetry match when grown on STO. Here, we demonstrate a way to circumventing this problem by using a VO2(B) buffer layer, yielding the growth of a high-quality single crystalline TiO2(B) film on a (001)-oriented STO substrate. From the resulting TiO2(B) film, we found that this film has a large optical bandgap of ∼3.6 eV, which is close to the known theoretical value, the largest among TiO2 polymorphs, and useful for developing high-power energy devices.
Wave function methods for canonical ensemble thermal averages in correlated many-fermion systems
Authors: Harsha Gaurav , Henderson Thomas M. , Scuseria Gustavo E.
Published: September 2020

We present a wave function representation for the canonical ensemble thermal density matrix by projecting the thermofield double state against the desired number of particles. The resulting canonical thermal state obeys an imaginary-time evolution equation. Starting with the mean-field approximation, where the canonical thermal state becomes an antisymmetrized geminal power (AGP) wave function, we explore two different schemes to add correlation: by number-projecting a correlated grand-canonical thermal state and by adding correlation to the number-projected mean-field state. As benchmark examples, we use number-projected configuration interaction and an AGP-based perturbation theory to study the hydrogen molecule in a minimal basis and the six-site Hubbard model.
Structural, electronic, and transport properties of Co-, Cr-, and Fe-doped functionalized armchair MoS2 nanoribbons
Authors: DavoodianIdalik M. , Kordbacheh A.
Published: September 2020

Using density functional theory, the structural, electronic, and transport properties of N, O, and F edge functionalized armchair molybdenum disulfide (AMoS2) nanoribbons (NRs) substituted with Cr, Fe, and Co impurity atoms were investigated. The near edge position of functionalized AMoS2NRs is preferred to substitute the impurity atoms, and all the structures are energetically stable. The bandgap of the structures is dramatically changed with 1% of the impurity metal atoms. In addition, multiple negative differential region phenomena exist with the substitution of these three metal impurities, and the peak to valley ratio of substituted NRs is more than that of unsubstituted nanoribbons.
Perinatal e-screening and clinical decision support: the Maternity Case-finding Help Assessment Tool (MatCHAT)
Authors: Wright Tanya , Young Kate , Darragh Margot , Corter Arden , Soosay Ian , Goodyear-Smith Felicity
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONScreening tools assist primary care clinicians to identify mental health, addiction and family violence problems. Electronic tools have many advantages, but there are none yet available in the perinatal context.
AIMTo assess the acceptability and feasibility of the Maternity Case-finding Help Assessment Tool (MatCHAT), a tool designed to provide e-screening and clinical decision support for depression, anxiety, cigarette smoking, use of alcohol or illicit substances, and family violence among pre- and post-partum women under the care of midwives.
METHODSA co-design approach and an extensive consultation process was used to tailor a pre-existing electronic case-finding help assessment tool (eCHAT) to a maternity context. Quantitative MatCHAT data and qualitative data from interviews with midwives were analysed following implementation.
RESULTSFive midwives participated in the study. They reported that MatCHAT was useful and acceptable and among the 20 mothers screened, eight reported substance use, one depression and five anxiety. Interviews highlighted extensive contextual barriers of importance to the implementation of maternity-specific screening.
DISCUSSIONMatCHAT has potential to optimise e-screening and decision support in maternity settings, but in this study, use was impeded by multiple contextual barriers. The information from this study is relevant to policymakers and future researchers when considering how to improve early identification of common mental health, substance use and family violence problems.
Driver mutations of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence govern the intestinal epithelial global translational capacity
Authors: Smit Wouter Laurentius , Spaan Claudia Nanette , Johannes de Boer Ruben , Ramesh Prashanthi , Martins Garcia Tânia , Meijer Bartolomeus Joannes , Vermeulen Jacqueline Ludovicus Maria , Lezzerini Marco , MacInnes Alyson Winfried , Koster Jan , Medema Jan Paul , van den Brink Gijs Robert , Muncan Vanesa , Heijmans Jarom
Published: September 2020

Significance

Deregulated global
mRNA
translation is a feature of various cancers and considered important in oncogenic transformation. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the role of the most common driver mutations in
APC
,
KRAS
,
SMAD4
, and
TP53
on the global translational capacity are incompletely understood. Here, using mouse and human intestinal organoids, we found that each mutation governs the global translational capacity of the epithelial cell. Global translation is linked to known oncogenic hallmarks, including cell proliferation and growth upon accumulation of these mutations, posing the translational apparatus as a potential therapeutic target in CRC.
Proteome-wide effects of naphthalene-derived secondary organic aerosol in BEAS-2B cells are caused by short-lived unsaturated carbonyls
Authors: Han Jiajun , Wang Shunyao , Yeung Kirsten , Yang Diwen , Gu Wen , Ma Zhiyuan , Sun Jianxian , Wang Xiaomin , Chow Chung-Wai , Chan Arthur W. H. , Peng Hui
Published: September 2020

Significance

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) causes various adverse health outcomes, but identification of the toxic components remains infeasible for current methodology due to the existence of hundreds of unknown chemical components. In this study, we established a platform to tackle this challenge by combining atmospheric flow reactor, proteomics, reporter bioassays, and nontarget analysis. Short-lived unsaturated carbonyls were identified to be the components in naphthalene-derived SOA responsible for toxicity related to cysteine reactions.
Genetic landscape and autoimmunity of monocytes in developing Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease
Authors: Hu Youjin , Hu Yixin , Xiao Yuhua , Wen Feng , Zhang Shaochong , Liang Dan , Su Lishi , Deng Yang , Luo Jiawen , Ou Jingsong , Lu Mingzhi , Hong Yanhua , Chi Wei
Published: September 2020

Significance

Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease is one of the most common and severe vision-threatening autoimmune uveitis in Asians. However, the functional heterogeneity among subsets in human blood monocytes and the VKH disease-relevant populations remains elusive. This study encoded the landscape of human monocytes, clustered six subsets with distinct functions, and revealed two populations, using single-cell RNA sequencing. Surprisingly, we discovered a disease-specific subset, proinflammatory monocytes, implicating immune activation in VKH disease. We also identified a cell type-specific transcriptional signature in subset ISG15, which might be corresponded with treatment response. These data highlight advanced understanding of pathogenesis, mapping an atlas of autoimmune monocytes and potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune uveitis.
Metabolic precision labeling enables selective probing of O-linked
N
-acetylgalactosamine glycosylation
Authors: Debets Marjoke F. , Tastan Omur Y. , Wisnovsky Simon P. , Malaker Stacy A. , Angelis Nikolaos , Moeckl Leonhard K. R. , Choi Junwon , Flynn Helen , Wagner Lauren J. S. , Bineva-Todd Ganka , Antonopoulos Aristotelis , Cioce Anna , Browne William M. , Li Zhen , Briggs David C. , Douglas Holly L. , Hess Gaelen T. , Agbay Anthony J. , Roustan Chloe , Kjaer Svend , Haslam Stuart M. , Snijders Ambrosius P. , Bassik Michael C. , Moerner W. E. , Li Vivian S. W. , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Schumann Benjamin
Published: September 2020

Significance

Most human secreted and cell surface proteins are modified by Ser/Thr(O)-linked glycosylation with
N
-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc). While of fundamental importance in health and disease, O-GalNAcglycosylation is technically challenging to study because of a lack of specific tools for biological assays. Here, we design an O-GalNAc–specific reporter molecule termed uridine diphosphate (UDP)–
N
-(
S
)-azidopropionylgalactosamine (GalNAzMe) to selectively label O-GalNAc glycoproteins in living human cells. UDP-GalNAzMe can be biosynthesized in cells by transfection with an engineered metabolic enzyme and is compatible with a range of experiments in quantitative biology to broaden our understanding of glycosylation. We demonstrate that labeling is genetically programmable by ectopic expression of a mutant glycosyltransferase, “bump-and-hole”–GalNAc-T2, allowing application to experiments with low inherent sensitivity.
Spontaneous outflow efficiency of confined liquid in hydrophobic nanopores
Authors: Gao Yuan , Li Mingzhe , Zhang Yue , Lu Weiyi , Xu Baoxing
Published: September 2020

Significance

The outflow of prior confined or intruded liquid from a hydrophobic pore at the nanoscale is the foundation for devising nanofluidics-enabled, reusable functional materials, structures, and devices and is fundamentally different from that at the macroscale due to nanoconfinement effects. We, in both molecular-dynamics simulations and experiments, addressed the nanoconfinement mechanism that hinders the outflow of nanoconfined various liquid by investigating both inflow and outflow processes of liquid in hydrophobic nanopores and demonstrated that a continuous and spontaneous outflow with high and stable efficiency could be achieved. The elucidated outflow mechanisms and regulation strategies will provide a rational route for exploring high-performance reusable devices in a broad scope of nanoporous materials and liquid environments by leveraging unique nanopore–liquid interactions.
Low doses of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid induce ROS triggering neurological and metabolic impairments in
Drosophila
Authors: Martelli Felipe , Zhongyuan Zuo , Wang Julia , Wong Ching-On , Karagas Nicholas E. , Roessner Ute , Rupasinghe Thusitha , Venkatachalam Kartik , Perry Trent , Bellen Hugo J. , Batterham Philip
Published: September 2020

Significance

Intense insecticide usage is suggested to be a significant contributor to the observed decline of insect populations around the world. Beneficial insects play essential roles in food production and ecosystem health. It is therefore vital to understand the mechanisms by which low doses of insecticide impact insect biology in order to understand and assess the threat posed. We investigated the impacts of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid on
Drosophila
. The binding of the insecticide to receptors in the brain triggers oxidative stress, reduces energy levels, and induces neurodegeneration as well as vision loss. As the receptors targeted by imidacloprid are conserved among insects, and other insecticides have also been shown to cause oxidative stress, these findings have wider significance.
Activation of 4-1BBL+ B cells with CD40 agonism and IFNγ elicits potent immunity against glioblastoma
Authors: Lee-Chang Catalina , Miska Jason , Hou David , Rashidi Aida , Zhang Peng , Burga Rachel A. , Jusué-Torres Ignacio , Xiao Ting , Arrieta Victor A. , Zhang Daniel Y. , Lopez-Rosas Aurora , Han Yu , Sonabend Adam M. , Horbinski Craig M. , Stupp Roger , Balyasnikova Irina V. , Lesniak Maciej S.
Published: September 2020

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many tumors. However, most glioblastoma (GBM) patients have not, so far, benefited from such successes. With the goal of exploring ways to boost anti-GBM immunity, we developed a B cell–based vaccine (BVax) that consists of 4-1BBL+ B cells activated with CD40 agonism and IFNγ stimulation. BVax migrates to key secondary lymphoid organs and is proficient at antigen cross-presentation, which promotes both the survival and the functionality of CD8+ T cells. A combination of radiation, BVax, and PD-L1 blockade conferred tumor eradication in 80% of treated tumor-bearing animals. This treatment elicited immunological memory that prevented the growth of new tumors upon subsequent reinjection in cured mice. GBM patient–derived BVax was successful in activating autologous CD8+ T cells; these T cells showed a strong ability to kill autologous glioma cells. Our study provides an efficient alternative to current immunotherapeutic approaches that can be readily translated to the clinic.
Axisymmetric hydrodynamics in numerical relativity using a multipatch method
Authors: Jesse Jerred , Duez Matthew D , Foucart Francois , Haddadi Milad , Knight Alexander L , Cadenhead Courtney L , Hébert Francois , Kidder Lawrence E , Pfeiffer Harald P , Scheel Mark A
Published: September 2020

We describe a method of implementing the axisymmetric evolution of general-relativistic hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics through modification of a multipatch grid scheme. In order to ease the computational requirements required to evolve the post-merger phase of systems involving binary compact massive objects in numerical relativity, it is often beneficial to take advantage of these system’s tendency to rapidly settle into states that are nearly axisymmetric, allowing for 2D evolution of secular timescales. We implement this scheme in the spectral Einstein code and show the results of application of this method to four test systems including viscosity, magnetic fields, and neutrino radiation transport. Our results show that this method can be used to quickly allow already existing 3D infrastructure that makes use of local coordinate system transformations to be made to run in axisymmetric 2D with the flexible grid creation capabilities of multipatch methods. Our code tests include a simple model of a binary neutron star postmerger remnant, for which we confirm the formation of a massive torus which is a promising source of post-merger ejecta.
Mass–energy connection without special relativity
Authors: D’Abramo Germano
Published: September 2020

In 1905, Einstein carried out his first derivation of the mass–energy equivalence by studying in different reference frames the energy balance of a body emitting electromagnetic radiation and assuming special relativity as a prerequisite. In this paper, we prove that a general mass–energy relationship can be derived solely from very basic assumptions, which are the same made in Einstein’s first derivation but completely neglecting special relativity. The general mass–energy relationship turns to a mass–energy equivalence when is applied to the case of a body emitting energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. Our main result is that if the core logic behind Einstein’s approach is sound, then the essence of the mass–energy equivalence can be derived without special relativity. We believe that our heuristic approach, although not capable of giving the exact mathematical formula for the mass–energy equivalence, may represent a useful addition to the general discussion on the matter at the graduate level. Our finding suggests that the connection between mass and energy is at a deeper level and comes before any full-fledged physical theory.
Undergraduate experiments with a 44Ti source
Authors: Pirrie S , Tungate G , Kokalova Tz , Wheldon C , Nikolopoulos K , Rita P Santa , Turner A
Published: September 2020

Undergraduate experiments provide practical demonstration of both measurement techniques and the underpinning science. The radioactive source 44Ti is particularly useful due to the range of experimental measurements it allows. Five experiments utilising 44Ti, suitable for undergraduate laboratories, are described in this paper. These illustrate several topics in nuclear physics and a number of experimental techniques, such as coincidence measurements and lifetime measurements. The experiments described require careful evaluation of the data which provide students with important analytical skills.
Frequency and damping effect of suspended silicon nitride membranes in water near the megahertz range
Authors: Wang Jiaying , Mei Jiyang , Friend James , Vazquez-Mena Oscar
Published: September 2020

Understanding the behavior of water-immersed membranes in the megahertz range is critical to develop novel acoustic metamaterials compatible with biomedical ultrasound applications. Herein, we study the influence of water on the resonance frequency and quality factor near the megahertz range of silicon nitride membranes fully immersed in water using laser Doppler vibrometry. The resonance frequency of silicon nitride membranes significantly decreases in water compared to air. For a 40 µm wide membrane, the resonance frequency is reduced from 11.2 MHz in air to 1.24 MHz after immersion in water, which is confirmed by finite element method simulations. Our results indicate that the water mass loading plays a major role in the resonance frequency reduction, with a ratio of water mass to membrane mass of

m

w
a
t
e
r

/

m

m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

∼

102 and NAVMI factors of Γ∼1.3. We attribute the main losses to acoustic radiation with small contributions from viscous damping. We estimate that silicon nitride membranes with widths below 50 µm are required to build negative metamaterials operating above 1 MHz. The large NAVMI factors suggest strong coupling between membrane motion and acoustic waves in water, which is important to develop metamaterials able to manipulate acoustic fields.
Characterization of β-Ga2O3 homoepitaxial films and MOSFETs grown by MOCVD at high growth rates
Authors: Tadjer Marko J , Alema Fikadu , Osinsky Andrei , Mastro Michael A , Nepal Neeraj , Woodward Jeffrey M , Myers-Ward Rachael L , Glaser Evan R , Freitas Jaime A , Jacobs Alan G , Gallagher James C , Mock Alyssa L , Pennachio Daniel J , Hajzus Jenifer , Ebrish Mona , Anderson Travis J , Hobart Karl D , Hite Jennifer K , Eddy Jr. Charles R
Published: September 2020

The ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor gallium oxide (Ga2O3) offers substantial promise to significantly advance power electronic devices as a result of its high breakdown electric field and maturing substrate technology. A key remaining challenge is the ability to grow electronic-grade epitaxial layers at rates consistent with 20–40 μm thick drift regions needed for 20 kV and above technologies. This work reports on extensive characterization of epitaxial layers grown in a novel metalorganic chemical vapor deposition tool that permits growth rates of 1.0–4.0 μm h−1. Specifically, optical, structural and electrical properties of epilayers grown at ∼1 μm h−1 are reported, including employment in an operating MOSFET. The films demonstrate relatively smooth surfaces with a high degree of structural order, limited point defectivity (Nd − Na ≈ 5 × 1015 cm−3) and an optical bandgap of 4.50 eV. Further, when employed in a MOSFET test structure with an n+ doped channel, a record high mobility for a transistor structure with a doped channel of 170 cm2 V−1 s−1 was measured via the Hall technique at room temperature. This work reports for the first time a β-Ga2O3 MOSFET grown using Agnitron Technology’s high growth rate MOCVD homoepitaxial process. These results clearly establish a significant improvement in epilayer quality at growth rates that can support future high voltage power device technologies.
Electric field gradients in 2H–NbSe2: 93Nb NMR measurements and first-principles calculations
Authors: Li Zefang , Xi Xuekui , Chen Jie , Liu Enke , Wu Guangheng , Wang Wenhong
Published: September 2020

Accurate atomic scale structure is of importance for revealing the still mysterious electronic phase transitions in a famous 2D metal, 2H–NbSe2. In this work, the electric field gradients (EFGs) of 2H–NbSe2 at Nb sites in the normal state were investigated by 93Nb nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with first-principles computations. The previous T
3/2 and linear T models for describing the temperature dependent EFGs were tested and discussed according to our measured and theoretically computed EFG data in this two-dimensional metal.
Specific absorbed fractions and radionuclide S-values for tumors of varying size and composition
Authors: Olguin Edmond , President Bonnie , Ghaly Michael , Frey Eric , Sgouros George , Bolch Wesley E
Published: September 2020

Accurate estimates of tumor absorbed dose are essential for the evaluation of treatment efficacy in radiopharmaceutical cancer therapy. Although tumor dosimetry via the MIRD schema has been previously investigated, prior studies have been limited to the consideration of soft-tissue tumors. In the present study, specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) for monoenergetic photons, electrons, and alpha particles in tumors of varying compositions were computed using Monte Carlo simulations in MCNPX after which self-irradiation S-values for 22 radionuclides (along with 14 additional alpha-emitter progeny) were generated for tumors of both varying size and tissue composition. The tumors were modeled as spheres with radii ranging from 0.10 cm to 6.0 cm and with compositions varying from 100% soft tissue (ST) to 100% mineral bone (MB). The energies of the photons and electrons were varied on a logarithm energy grid from 10 keV to 10 MeV. The energies of alpha particles were varied along a linear energy grid from 0.5 MeV to 12 MeV. In all cases, a homogenous activity distribution was assumed throughout the tumor volume. Furthermore, to assess the effect of tumor shape, several ellipsoidal tumors of different compositions were modeled and absorbed fractions were computed for monoenergetic electrons and photons. S-values were then generated using detailed decay data from the 2008 MIRD Monograph on Radionuclide Data and Decay Schemes. Our study results demonstrate that a soft-tissue model yields relative errors of 25% and 71% in the absorbed fraction assigned to uniform sources of 1.5 MeV electrons and 100 keV photons, respectively, localized within a 1 cm diameter tumor of MB. The data further show that absorbed fractions for moderate ellipsoids can be well approximated by a spherical shape of equal mass within a relative error of < 8%. S-values for 22 radionuclides (and their daughter progeny) were computed with results demonstrating how relative errors in SAFs could propagate to relative errors in tumor dose estimates as high as 86%. A comprehensive data set of radionuclide S-values by tumor size and tissue composition is provided for application of the MIRD schema for tumor dosimetry in radiopharmaceutical therapy.
Characterization of B0-field fluctuations in prostate MRI
Authors: Shrestha Kakkar Lebina , Usman Muhammad , Arridge Simon , Kirkham Alex , Atkinson David
Published: September 2020

Multi-parametric MRI is increasingly used for prostate cancer detection. Improving information from current sequences, such as T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging, and additional sequences, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), may enhance the performance of multi-parametric MRI. The majority of these techniques are sensitive to B0-field variations and may result in image distortions including signal pile-up and stretching (echo planar imaging (EPI) based DW-MRI) or unwanted shifts in the frequency spectrum (CEST and MRS). Our aim is to temporally and spatially characterize B0-field changes in the prostate. Ten male patients are imaged using dual-echo gradient echo sequences with varying repetitions on a 3 T scanner to evaluate the temporal B0-field changes within the prostate. A phantom is also imaged to consider no physiological motion. The spatial B0-field variations in the prostate are reported as B0-field values (Hz), their spatial gradients (Hz/mm) and the resultant distortions in EPI based DW-MRI images (b-value = 0 s/mm2 and two oppositely phase encoded directions). Over a period of minutes, temporal changes in B0-field values were ≤19 Hz for minimal bowel motion and ≥30 Hz for large motion. Spatially across the prostate, the B0-field values had an interquartile range of ≤18 Hz (minimal motion) and ≤44 Hz (large motion). The B0-field gradients were between −2 and 5 Hz/mm (minimal motion) and 2 and 12 Hz/mm (large motion). Overall, B0-field variations can affect DW, MRS and CEST imaging of the prostate.