bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tests employed in the psychometric validation of the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS) in T2DM patients; a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Rasheed Saba , Rehman Anees ur , Tasleem Zermina , Azeem Marryam , Rasool Muhammad Fawad , Mehreen Arifa , Al-Tamimi Saleh Karamah
Published: October 2024

Background

Psychological Insulin Resistance (PIR) and negative perceptions regarding insulin treatment are noteworthy challenges in T2DM management, which hinder the timely initiation of insulin treatment. To get past these obstacles a reliable tool is required to evaluate patients’ perspectives on insulin administration. Our study aims to conduct a comprehensive systematic review to evaluate the validity and reliability of different validation tests used in the psychometric validation of the ITAS in T2DM patients.

Methods

A literature search was carried out, using PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Science Direct. Only those studies assessing content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’ α), and items-total correlation were retrieved.

Results

A total of 14 studies illustrated the validity and reliability of ITAS in T2DM patients. Content validity results of S-CVI was 0.97, and I-CVI was 0.8–1.00. Construct validity with factor loading was greater than the threshold value of 0.3. The concurrent validity of ITAS vs. PAID, WHO-5, and SPI was 0.35 (P < 0.05), −0.14 (P < 0.05), and 0.80 (P < 0.001) respectively. The mean difference between insulin and non-insulin group was significant (P < 0.001) showing reliable discriminant validity. Reported results of Cronbach’s α for the main scale (0.79–0.89), subscale-1 (0.72–0.9), and subscale-2 (0.61–0.89) showed “good to excellent” internal consistency reliability of ITAS. Item-total correlation results for the main scale, subscale-1, and subscale-2 were (0.40–0.82), (0.31–0.74) and (0.34–0.58) respectively. Test-retest reliability of ITAS was 0.571–0.87.

Conclusions

Study findings confirm the robustness of various validation tests utilized in the psychometric validation of ITAS in T2DM patients. ITAS is a well-validated and reliable tool for determining the perspectives, PIR, and changes in patients’ perception over time and it can be used to overcome hurdles in the timely initiation of insulin treatment in T2DM patients.
Role of early postnatal aEEG and brain MRI in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants at the age of 1 year
Authors: Metwalli Eman Mahmoud , Eyada Iman Khaled , Abuelhamd Walaa Alsharany , Seif Hadeel Mohamed , Hammad Heba Samy Ibrahim , Shaheen Yara Salah Aly
Published: October 2024

Background

Preterm birth is a principal reason for perinatal morbidity and mortality increasing the incidence of severe neurodevelopmental deficits. There is growing proof that early postnatal amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) has a prognostic value for neurodevelopmental consequence in preterm born neonates. Furthermore, MRI has been widely utilized to enhance comprehension of the brain substrate responsible for neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Thus, this study aims at evaluating the role of early postnatal aEEG and brain MRI in forecasting neurodevelopmental consequence in preterm infants at the age of 1 year.

Methods

A cohort study performed in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital during the duration from October 2021 to June 2023 including 60 preterm neonates < 32 weeks of gestation. All cases were monitored by aEEG within the 1st 72 h of life for at least 4 h, and then brain MRI and aEEG were done at term equivalent age (TEA) of 40 weeks. Regarding the neurodevelopmental outcome, our cases were assessed by Bayley scale III screening test at the age of 1 year.

Results

Of the study participants, 41.7% were males, and 58.3% were females with a mean gestational age of 30.40 ± 0.94 weeks and mean weight of 1.36 ± 0.17 kg. aEEG showed that 83.3% of the cases had continuous normal background activity at TEA, and MRI showed that 75% of the cases were normal. Comparing between non-affected and affected groups as categorized by Bayley scale regarding aEEG and MRI findings, there was greatly statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). Brain MRI showed higher sensitivity and accuracy than aEEG.

Conclusion

Brain MRI at TEA is more sensitive and accurate than aEEG to predict the neurodevelopmental outcome. aEEG at TEA is more predictor for neurodevelopmental outcome than at birth. The combination of both aEEG and brain MRI at TEA gives more prediction about the degree of affection in neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants.
Water flow pattern recognition and fracture characterization in near-surface chalks using time-lapse ground-penetrating radar: An experiment
Authors: Yuan Hemin , Nielsen Lars
Published: October 2024

Predicting subsurface water flow is inherently complex due to the heterogeneity of geologic formations. Water infiltration occurs through various pathways, such as pore throats, fractures, or faults, depending on the sediment type. In an effort to enhance our understanding of water flow within heterogeneous, fractured chalk formations, we integrate ground-penetrating radar (GPR), acoustic measurements, and photogrammetric surveys to examine flow patterns. We first conduct a field experiment of injecting water into chalks and monitor the water flow through a time-lapse GPR reflection survey. Then, we identify the water-affected zone by analyzing the GPR data and correlate the water-affected zone with the identified fractures on the exposed strata. Finally, we verify the water effect through measured acoustic velocities of acquired samples. Our analysis of the GPR data encompasses direct subtraction, traveltime delay, electromagnetic (EM) velocity changes, and water saturation variations. These analyses consistently indicate a predominant southeastward flow direction. This finding is corroborated by the fractures identified through photogrammetry, which closely match the water-affected zone, suggesting that water flow is indeed fracture driven. The measured acoustic velocities are used to estimate water saturation using an isoframe rock-physics model, which is consistent with the saturation estimated through EM velocity, further validating the monitoring results. These findings advance the understanding of fluid flow and its interaction with fracture systems in heterogeneous chalks and provide a reference for future studies by demonstrating the efficacy of integrating photogrammetry-identified fractures, EM velocity, and acoustic velocity to verify monitoring outcomes.
‘I am more stressed if my infection affects others’: development of a COVID-19-related stress scale in older people and examination of its validity and associations with mental health risks
Authors: Liu Tianyin , Sze Lesley Cai Yin , Yiu Eric Kwok Lun , Wong Edwin Lok Yan , Leung Dara Kiu Yi , Kwok Wai-wai , Tang Jennifer , Xu Jiaqi , Wong Gloria , Lum Terry
Published: October 2024

Background

COVID-19 was a collective traumatic event; however, different individuals may have perceived it differently.

Aims

This study investigated what older people in a collective culture perceived as stressful during COVID-19 and examined how different stressors related to COVID-19 infection and mental health risks.

Method

Thirty-six participants from diverse backgrounds engaged in a three-round Delphi study to generate items for a COVID-19-related stress scale for older adults (CSS-OA). Subsequently, 4674 people (aged ≥60 years) participated in a cross-sectional telephone survey; interviewers collected their responses to CSS-OA and information about COVID-19 infection, depressive symptoms, anxiety, loneliness and demographics. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on CSS-OA. A multiple indicator multiple cause (MIMIC) model was used to examine associations between CSS-OA and other measures.

Results

The Delphi process generated eight items, all secondary or tertiary stressors related to infection. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor model, and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed an excellent fit (comparative fit index = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation = 0.06). Pre-existing mental health conditions, having family members/friends infected with COVID-19, loneliness, anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with higher stress. Conversely, self-infection with COVID-19, older age, being female and living alone were negatively associated with some domains of CSS-OA (all P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The Delphi process enhanced our understanding of what older people perceived as stressful, much of which resulted from certain healthcare strategies and reflected cultural influences. These and the MIMIC results highlight the need to balance public health policies with respect to infectious diseases and older people's mental health and quality of life.
Fractional quantum mechanics meets quantum gravity phenomenology
Authors: Varão Gislaine , Lobo Iarley P. , Bezerra Valdir B.
Published: October 2024

This letter extends previous findings on the modified Schrödinger evolution inspired by quantum gravity phenomenology. By establishing a connection between this approach and fractional quantum mechanics, we provide insights into a potential deep infrared regime of quantum gravity, characterized by the emergence of fractal dimensions, similar to behaviors observed in the deep ultraviolet regime. Additionally, we explore the experimental investigations of this regime using Bose-Einstein condensates. Notably, our analysis reveals a direct implication of this analogy: general experiments probing fractional quantum mechanics may serve as equivalent models of quantum gravity. We identify instances of nonlocal behavior in such systems, suggesting an analogous phenomenon of nonlocality in quantum gravity.
Bilateral Knee Effusions Secondary to Zoledronic Acid Infusion
Authors: Wei Jenny , Cho Catherine Soo Ihn
Published: October 2024

Intravenous zoledronic acid is an established and generally well tolerated form of antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis. Although mild arthralgias are a well-documented manifestation of the acute phase response to intravenous bisphosphonates, more severe musculoskeletal reactions manifesting as debilitating pain and joint effusions have been rarely documented in the current literature. In this case report, we discuss the case of a 55-year-old woman who developed severe painful bilateral knee effusions within 1 week of her first zoledronic acid infusion for osteoporosis. Prescribing physicians and patients should be made aware of this uncommon but important adverse effect to zoledronic acid.
Novel Cancer Therapeutics: Perioperative Implications and Challenges
Authors: Gutierrez Cristina , Rajendram Prabalini , Idowu Olakunle
Published: October 2024

Since the introduction of immunotherapy and targeted therapies, patients not only have adequate tumoral response to these treatments, but their quality of life has improved due to milder toxicities. However, due to their wide mechanisms of action, the toxicity profile for these therapies is broad, can have an insidious onset, and their recognition can be challenging. Rarely, some of these toxicities can cause significant morbidity if not diagnosed early and lead to intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. Anesthesiologists are likely to encounter not only a wide spectrum of these toxicities but also a wide range of severity. In some cases, they could be the first to make the diagnosis and therefore need to be prepared to rapidly assess, establish differentials, perform a diagnostic workup, and evaluate the impact the toxicity could have on the patients’ care during the perioperative period. In this article, we set to review toxicities of novel cancer therapies such as checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies, that could present in the perioperative setting. This article will help as a guide for anesthesiologists to recognize their clinical presentation, the approach to their diagnosis, and their impact on patient care.
Xenon and Argon as Neuroprotective Treatments for Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Barros Mariana , Liang Min , Iannucci Noemi , Dickinson Robert
Published: October 2024

Xenon and argon are currently being evaluated as potential neuroprotective treatments for acquired brain injuries. Xenon has been evaluated clinically as a treatment for brain ischemia with equivocal results in small trials, but argon has not yet undergone clinical evaluation. Several preclinical studies have investigated xenon or argon as treatments in animal models of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). A systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase databases was performed. After screening of titles, abstracts, and full text, data were extracted from included studies. A pairwise meta-analysis of neuroprotective efficacy was performed using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was investigated using subgroup analysis, funnel plot asymmetry, and Egger’s regression. The protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022301986). A total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria. The data extracted included measurements from 1591 animals, involving models of HIE in mice, rats, and pigs. The meta-analysis found that both xenon and argon had significant (P < .0001) neuroprotective efficacies. The summary estimate for xenon was 39.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.3%–51.1%) and for argon it was 70.3% (95% CI, 59.0%–81.7%). The summary effect for argon was significantly (P < .001) greater than that of xenon. Our results provide evidence supporting further investigation of xenon and argon as neuroprotective treatments for HIE.
Current real world health data of telemedicine for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: William Yohanes , Tarigan Tinanda , Chen Jery , Ismail Muhamad Taufik , Hariawan Hariadi
Published: October 2024

Abstract Background Telemedicine has improved adherence to heart failure (HF) treatment, however it has not yet been tailored specifically to address HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Our objective is to undertake a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of existing research studies that focus on telemedicine in HFrEF. Methods We conducted an extensive literature review encompassing trials which included outpatients with HFrEF who underwent telemedicine compared with usual care. We exclude any studies without ejection fraction data. Three bibliographic databases from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library were utilized in our search from January 1999 to May 2023. The endpoints of interest included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular-related mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and HF-related hospitalization. The Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB) and the risk of bias in non-randomized studies – of interventions (ROBINS-I) were used for non-randomized or observational studies. To quantitatively analyze the collective findings, a pooled odds ratio (OR) was computed for each outcome. Results Out of the initial pool of 4,947 articles, we narrowed down our analysis to 27 studies, Results showed that telemedicine significantly reduced all-cause mortality (OR: 0.65; 95% CI 0.54 – 0.78; p<0.00001), cardiovascular-related mortality (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58 – 0.80, p < 0.00001), and HF-related hospitalization based on number of events (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64 – 0.94, p = 0.009) as well as number of patients (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69 – 0.87, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Telemedicine was shown significantly beneficial in decreasing mortality and hospitalization in HFrEF patients. Future research should focus on standardizing effective telemedicine practices due to the existing variability in methods and clinical situation of the patients. PROSPERO: CRD42023471222 registerd on October 21, 2023
Impact of Smartphone-Induced Mental Fatigue on Resistance Training Performance and Efficiency - The Role of Smartphone Use During Workout
Authors: Maciąg Maria , Bieńko Mateusz , Bieńko Marta , Marchaj Magdalena , Putra Anna , Korta Karolina , Król Tomasz , Toborek Michalina , Niedziela Natalia , Bednarz Karolina
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Resistance training volume is a key determinant of muscle hypertrophy and strength development. However, mental fatigue can significantly impact this volume, ultimately affecting performance. One prominent source of mental fatigue in modern gym environments is smartphone use, which has become pervasive and may reduce workout efficiency and overall training volume.
Purpose
This review examines the dual effects of smartphone use on resistance training outcomes and offers strategies to balance these impacts effectively.
Conclusions
Smartphone-induced mental fatigue increases perceived exertion, leading to reduced performance during resistance training by lowering volume-load and endurance, particularly in low- and moderate-intensity exercises. Despite this, maximal strength appears to remain unaffected. Additionally, smartphone use diverts cognitive resources, resulting in mental fatigue and impairing both physical and technical performance due to distractions during workouts. It can also unintentionally prolong rest periods, which disrupts the balance between muscle recovery and mental readiness, further decreasing training efficiency. However, smartphones also offer valuable benefits, such as access to fitness apps, progress tracking, and motivational music, which can help maintain or even enhance performance by improving focus and motivation. To minimize distractions and optimize training outcomes, strategies such as using airplane mode or scheduling specific times for phone use are recommended.
While excessive smartphone use can impair training efficiency, careful management and strategic use can enable athletes to capitalize on its benefits and improve resistance training results. Future research should focus on developing best practices for incorporating smartphone use in fitness settings to balance its advantages while minimizing its downsides.
Gender Equality in Sports: The Struggle of Sportswomen for Equal Rights
Authors: Sypień Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

Canada has long been committed to promoting gender equality in sports and has implemented various measures to ensure equal opportunities for women in sports. Some examples of entitlement-based policies include the 1981 Canada Gender Equality Act, the Pay Equity Act 2018 mandating that sports organizations provide equal pay for men and women, or government programs including the “Women in Coaching Canada Games Apprenticeship Program”. Furthermore, public campaigns in Canada, both governmental and by sports organizations, are making an effort to promote gender equality in the field of sports. Although various equality measures have been identified, gender inequality in sports still exists in Canada, which is evident through the disparity in pay, prominence in media, and limited availability of resources when compared to male athletes. Notable examples of the fight for gender equality include the problems faced by women’s hockey teams and the efforts of women’s soccer teams in 2023 to have salaries and training conditions comparable to those men enjoy. This chapter analyzes the current social and legal situation of female athletes in Canada. Its purpose is to provide an overview of the challenges encountered by female athletes and to examine the current existence of inequalities between males and females in Canadian sports, as well as to analyze the legal solutions advancing gender equality and their practical implementation.
Women in the Post-Apocalypse: Resistance and Survival in The Marrow Thieves
Authors: Todorić Lucija
Published: October 2024

This paper intends to examine the experiences of women in the post-apocalyptic setting of Cherie Dimaline’s novel The Marrow Thieves. It compares their efforts to preserve language and culture and their participation in the resistance movement depicted in the novel to historical and present-day Indigenous and women-led movements in North America. This paper aims to explore the ways in which the female characters endure the extreme conditions of the post-apocalyptic world of the novel and how their experiences relate to the existing plight of Indigenous women in Canada and the United States. Much like non-fictional women, the women in the novels are indispensable; they are crucial in the transmission of cultural practices and language, they participate in resistance movements and ultimately ensure the survival of humanity.
The Value of Platform Endorsement
Authors: Bairathi Mimansa , Zhang Xu , Lambrecht Anja
Published: October 2024

This paper studies the impact of platform endorsement on consumers’ search and purchase behavior, analyzing how it affects endorsed and unendorsed items.
Ecological grief: how can we bear this together?
Authors: Bailey Susan , Gerrish Nicholas
Published: October 2024

The impacts of human activity on ecosystems are increasingly evident through ecological degradation and climate change. Despite this, in many jurisdictions across the world, action to address and curtail destructive human activities is slow and resisted at all levels. In this article, we suggest that this resistance is connected to deep ecological grief. We introduce a dual approach to understanding ecological grief, using concepts of unprecedented and unacknowledged grief. Unprecedented grief is felt in response to the loss of our ecosystems and unacknowledged grief connected to the anticipated loss of lifestyle necessary to curtail destructive human behaviour. Drawing upon an ecosocial work praxis, this article then explores how we can use these understandings of ecological grief to take action and make radical changes to prefigure healthier relationships with each other and our ecosystems.
Sitting on the Watcher’s Stage: Networks of Kinship and Sovereignty Among the Corn Rows
Authors: Kinney Jayne Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Abstract: In the decades following the Civil War, hundreds of Cherokees living East of the Mississippi River were compelled to emigrate west. Post-war poverty, loss of land, and political struggles threatened the survival of Eastern Cherokee communities. Having received an invitation from the Cherokee Nation to be accepted as tribal citizens, many turned away from their eastern homelands after avoiding Removal and outlasting decades of pressures to emigrate. Though the Trail of Tears of 1838–39 is generally understood as the history of Cherokee Removal, this study draws from scholarship on the Long Removal Era to problematize the typical narrative. This postwar emigration phenomenon was a definitive challenge which shaped the newfound Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Contrary to typical characterizations, their survival in the east was not a foregone conclusion, instead facing its gravest challenges in the Civil War era. A power vacuum resulted in divisive factionalism, with rival councils from Qualla and Cheoah competing for legitimacy. The emigration of leading Cheoah politicians signaled their defeat, galvanizing and consolidating the Eastern Band. This article offers a social history of this emigration process, investigating the phenomenon through memoirs and oral histories, tribal council minutes, and petitions and correspondence to Washington. Following the paper trail of emigrants, the study incorporates federal records alongside archival records from North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. Interrogating the overlap of the Long Removal era and Long Civil War era, the study offers a new history of the Eastern Band in its harrowing formative years.
Red Codes and Removal: Racial Exclusion and Indigenous Persistence in the Midwest
Authors: Warren Stephen
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The Midwest is typically defined as a site of Indigenous erasure. But citizens of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma continue to live in their original homeland despite the official removal of their people from the Wabash River Valley in 1846. Myaamia families who stayed behind used fee simple family reserves as a tool to combat ethnic cleansing. Despite their keen understanding of American property law, settlers in the Hoosier state crafted “Red Codes,” laws and enforcement regimes targeting Indigenous peoples, to achieve their dispossession. Red Codes, akin to the more well-known Black Codes, reveal how state and local authorities designed laws to advance white supremacy. The appropriation and performance of Indigeneity grew out of the race-based legal regimes that defined the nineteenth-century Midwest.
From the Sidelines to the Frontlines: Black Student-Athlete Organizations as Counterspaces at Predominantly White Institutions
Authors: Ofoegbu Ezinne D. , Savage Briana A.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Significant moments of Black college athlete activism and mobilization marked 2020. One noticeable way Black college athletes mobilized was by creating Black student-athlete organizations (BSAOs). Given college athletics’ long-standing relationship to racism and racial capitalism, it is important to understand how BSAOs function within the athletic subculture and how they may facilitate belonging and community for Black college athletes. Thus, this study explored the purpose and function of BSAOs and the impact of engagement in these organizations on Black college athletes’ experiences at PWIs. Grounded in Case and Hunter’s (2012) conceptualization of counterspaces, the findings reveal insights related to acts of resistance, narrative identity work, and direct relational transactions. The paper concludes with implications for student leaders, practitioners, and future research.
Sources of Self-Worth in U.S. College Students: A Grounded Typology
Authors: Glanzer Perry L. , Martin Jessica , Bounds Elizabeth , Melton Karen K. , Cockle Theodore F. , Schnitker Sarah A.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: In light of the mental health crisis facing American college students, it has become vital to determine how students derive their self-worth. This endeavor is particularly important because research has found that internal sources of worth correlate with better mental health than self-worth derived from externally contingent sources. Although past work has identified various sources, it did not set forth a comprehensive theory of college student worth sources. Thus, this study engaged a grounded approach to begin that process. We interviewed 142 undergraduate students at eight geographically diverse, four-year institutions and asked, “What makes you feel worthwhile or valuable?” A grounded theory analysis surfaced eight distinct sources of worth ranging along a continuum from more external to more internal sources, including (a) accomplishments or accomplishing, (b) affirmation from others, (c) relationships or relationship support, (d) helping others, (e) relationship with God, (f) contributing to making a difference, (g) innate worth, and (h) virtue (outside of helping others). In addition, we found that most of these only became sources of worth when combined with particular virtues or practices. Thus, we propose a grounded typology that recognizes these nuances. We then make suggestions for how student affairs practitioners can foster internally contingent self-worth.
Pickles, Hiccups, and an Upside-Down Gloss: Two Fragments of Judeo-Arabic Medical Treatises in the Stanford University Collections
Authors: Dorin Rowan
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article reconstructs the history of two fragments in the Stanford University Collections. Although they once belonged to different manuscripts, they share much in common: both were copied in the western Mediterranean sometime around the fourteenth century, both contain excerpts of Arabic medical treatises transliterated into Hebrew characters, both contain marginal glosses in other languages (Latin in the one case; Hebrew and Romance vernaculars in the other), and both were subsequently reused as book bindings. Thanks to the insights gleaned from tools both old and new (the latter ranging from multispectral imaging to Twitter), the fragments together attest to the circulation of knowledge from Iran to Iberia, the material frameworks that enabled exchanges across religious and linguistic divides, and the violent dismemberment of manuscripts and communities alike in the closing decades of the Middle Ages.
“Not, out of the whole affair, to have got anything for myself”: James’s Mediators
Authors: McWhirter David
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This essay traces its author’s changing understanding, over forty-five years of critical engagement, of the many James protagonists who, like Lambert Strether in The Ambassadors , fail, often deliberately, to “get anything for themselves” out of the affairs in which they are enmeshed. With reference to developments in James studies since the 1980s, the essay describes its author’s own shift away from once-standard narratives of renunciation to his present re-casting of these characters as “mediators”—James’s representatives in his radical, even utopian effort to imagine alternative, less violent and appropriative, forms of intimacy, relation, and community.
Cynthia Ozick Reframing Henry James: From “Publishing Scoundrel” to False Messiah
Authors: Williams Merle A.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This essay invites a dialogue between Henry James’s “The Aspern Papers” and Cynthia Ozick’s The Messiah of Stockholm through the notion of literary speculation. In both texts, the relations between the experiential and the literary are explored via Paul Ricouer’s theory of “threefold mimesis .” Jacques Derrida’s account of hauntology and secular messianism, moreover, underscores failures of justice, ethics, and hope. James’s poised tragi-comic narrative is juxtaposed with Ozick’s critique of imaginative self-indulgence. Both works culminate in the burning of manuscripts, figuring in turn the demise of personal or editorial yearnings, then the Holocaust’s merciless incineration of Jewish life and creativity.
Cover Essay: Fusing Technology with Art in Advertising
Authors: Stephens Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

abstract: The relationship between art and technology in the late nineteenth century was contested but increasingly characterized by a harmonious integration that reflected a progressive and optimistic view of technological innovation. This cover essay examines an advertising poster designed by the German-Italian commercial artist Adolfo Hohenstein for a public exhibition of infants in incubators, which opened in Paris in 1896. Hohenstein's poster for the Maternité Lion , with its distinctive and innovative use of an art nouveau style, captures the widespread enthusiasm for the new technologies and industries that characterized the art nouveau movement. The aesthetics of art nouveau expressed a broader cultural optimism about modernity and progress around the turn of the twentieth century. Hohenstein's poster exemplifies this by providing an aestheticized and exhibitory framework for introducing the incubator as a new technology, specifically to appeal to women.
Debate: Building a U.S. Regulatory Empire in the Chip War with China
Authors: Krige John
Published: October 2024

abstract: Regulating the circulation of technology is a powerful weapon to exercise global power. In August 2022, U.S. president Joe Biden moved to strangle China's high-end semiconductor industry by imposing a swath of export controls aimed at restricting the country's access to global semiconductor supply chains. While this chip war is usually framed as a bilateral conflict between Washington and Beijing, the success of the U.S. strategy depends on the active cooperation of allied firms and governments. This article fills a critical gap in the standard narrative. It describes how the U.S. government has constructed an empire by regulation, leveraging its global political and economic power to impose extraterritorial export controls on allied trade. By seeking to regulate the flow of technology, knowledge, people, and foreign investment into China, the U.S. risks alienating traditional allies and has triggered China to seek self-sufficiency in the production of advanced semiconductors for civilian and military applications.
Toward a Symmetrical Global History of Technology: The Adoption of Chlorination in Bogotá, London, and Jersey City, 1900–1920
Authors: Torres Edisson Aguilar
Published: October 2024

abstract: This article discusses how the notion of "diffusionism" has functioned as a straw man in the history of technology. This has prevented it from becoming fully global and symmetrical. In contrast, the second section of this article offers an example of what a symmetrical account of the global history of technology might look like, using the case of chlorination in the early twentieth century. Focusing on London, Bogotá, and Jersey City, it shows that chlorination was initially rejected in each of these places but was later adopted in all of them for economic reasons after discussions that took the same form. It concludes by suggesting that global histories of technology must treat North and South, East and West, center and periphery, and metropole and colony symmetrically, drawing out similarities and differences based on the available evidence without assuming them in advance.
Public History: Quantum Computing as Imagined Infrastructure
Authors: Zetti Daniela
Published: October 2024

abstract: This review essay examines an art exhibition that envisions the future infrastructure of quantum computing and the sociopolitical and aesthetic visions it might bring about. Visitors are encouraged to reflect on past concepts of computing and the transformative power of technology. The exhibit tackles the challenge that computer-based infrastructures—the infrastructure of infrastructures—poses for the historiography of computing. This review places the exhibit's perspective of quantum computing infrastructures within the broader context of computing and information history.
Da Vinci Medal Address: A Centrifugal Maelstrom?
Authors: Roland Alex
Published: October 2024

abstract: This revision of the da Vinci Medal Address, delivered at SHOT's annual meeting in Los Angeles on October 28, 2023, presents two valedictories. The first reviews fifty years in SHOT studying and teaching the history of technology and warfare. It argues that not only is technology a particularly useful category of analysis for understanding change in warfare over the course of human history, but warfare is an equally useful category of analysis for studying technological change. The second valedictory invites SHOT members to clarify what they mean by the term "technology." There is no need for a single definition, but the term is so widely and loosely used in contemporary discourse that it behooves SHOT members to explain what they mean by it.
Fourier-optics imaging analysis with ABCD matrices: tutorial
Authors: Fienup James R.
Published: October 2024

The use of ABCD (ray-transfer) matrices to analyze wave propagation through paraxial optical systems, with emphasis on imaging systems, is described. It is shown how to find the image, Fourier transform, and exit pupil planes. Different forms of the propagation integrals are given. The propagation integral for an imaging system, which includes an aperture stop, is derived. The relationships between the aperture stop and the exit pupil and the impulse response of a paraxial imaging system are derived.
Influencing factors of self-aligned imaging in near-field lithography for the Fabry–Perot cavity effect
Authors: Rui Dinghai , Zhang Libin , Ding Huwen , Shen Hao , Wei Yayi , Su Yajuan
Published: October 2024

In near-field lithography, the Fabry–Perot (F-P) cavity enhancement effect can
significantly improve image quality and resolution. This paper
considers changes in the refractive index and air distance in
self-aligned imaging. Simulation results demonstrate that the
Fabry–Perot resonator effect achieves effective self-alignment
in 3D imaging. The proposed structure builds on traditional near-field
imaging structures and F-P resonator research, suggesting a Cu/SiO2 structure as the front layer.
Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA), finite element method (FEM),
and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods were employed to
verify the self-alignment effect on single gratings and rectangular
hole arrays. The results indicate that the self-alignment lithography
method based on the F-P effect not only enhances lithography contrast
and normalized image log-slope (NILS) but also shows robust
performance against variations in air distance and complex refractive
index. Notably, for the rectangular aperture array structure, with
changes in air distance and complex refractive index within a certain
range, the NILS remains stable above 2.8, and the contrast stays near
0.70. These simulation results confirm that the F-P resonator-based
scheme is viable for plasma imaging lithography with small critical
dimensions.
Π-shaped pixel pattern for shift multiplexing surface holograms in holographic data storage
Authors: Hirayama Soki , Fujimura Ryushi , Tanaka Yoshito Y. , Shimura Tsutomu
Published: October 2024

In this study, a method for shift multiplexing surface holograms was proposed for data storage systems. Shift multiplexing of surface holograms is inhibited by noise specific to Raman–Nath diffraction. We proposed a model to analyze the influence of noise. Subsequently, we proposed a method for noise suppression to arrange signal and reference pixels in a shape similar to the Greek letter “Π.” The proposed method is generally applicable to thin holograms in which Raman–Nath diffraction occurs. The effectiveness of noise suppression using the proposed method was experimentally demonstrated. We theoretically estimated that a shift multiplexing surface holographic data storage system using the proposed method could achieve a significantly higher data transfer rate than conventional optical discs while maintaining a comparable storage density.
Prediction of the material removal rate in bonnet polishing using a Bayesian optimization deep neural network
Authors: Shixiong Xiang , Yun Zhang , Yonghong Deng , Yue Hu , Zhongjun Chen
Published: October 2024

The material removal mechanism in robotic bonnet polishing is complex and influenced by multiple factors, necessitating an appropriate method to establish a material removal model. This study employs a Bayesian optimized deep neural network (BO-DNN) to model the intricate relationship between polishing parameters and material removal rate (MRR) using removal function spot experimental data. The tree-structured Parzen estimator (TPE) improves model convergence speed and accuracy, while particle swarm optimization (PSO) assists in inverse verification. Results show that the BO-DNN model achieves a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0293 and a Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of 99.42% for the total sample, representing approximately a 50% improvement in predictive accuracy over the unoptimized DNN model. The inverse verification results closely match the experimental data, confirming the model’s reliability. This study offers theoretical insights and practical references for advancing robotic bonnet polishing technology.
Hybrid inverse design of mode-locked fiber lasers
Authors: Luo Chao , Pu Guoqing , Jiang Helin , Fang Zhiwei , Wu Yong , Hu Weisheng , Yi Lilin
Published: October 2024

Dispersion in mode-locked fiber lasers (MLFLs) crucially shape the output spectra, underscoring the necessity for precise dispersion control. However, the direct impact of fine dispersion variations on output spectra has not been revealed yet. Here, a hybrid inverse design strategy is proposed, combining the fully-connected neural network (NN) with the genetic algorithm (GA) to predict the net second-order dispersion (SOD) of the laser cavity given the desired target spectrum. The NN trained with simulation data performs direct inverse design, which utilizes the target spectrum as input and predicts net SOD values. These predictions are further refined through GA iterative optimization with a numerical laser model for precise adjustments on the net SOD of cavity. The hybrid inverse design strategy manifests superior accuracy for arbitrary customized target spectrum, reaching a ∼35-fold lower average design error compared to indirect inverse design using GA alone. Moreover, the indirect inverse design of the hybrid approach converges in merely 2 generations, whereas searching with GA alone are unable to fall below the preset threshold even reaching the maximum of 10 generations. This approach is expected to build a new workflow for the inverse design of MLFLs.
Cavity Magnon-Polariton Interface for Strong Spin-Spin Coupling
Authors: Xiong Wei , Peng Ma-Lei , Tian Miao , Chen Xue-Chun , Wang Mingfeng , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Li Haichao
Published: October 2024

Strong coupling between single qubits is crucial for quantum information science and quantum computation. However, it is still challenged, especially for single solid-state qubit. Here, we propose a hybrid quantum system, consisting of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator weakly coupled to a single nitrogen-vacancy spin in diamond and a yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) nanosphere holding Kerr magnons, to realize strong long-distance spin-spin coupling. With a strong driving field on magnons, the Kerr effect can squeeze magnons, and {thus the coupling between the CPW resonator and the sequeezed magnons is exponentially enhanced}, which produces two cavity-magnon polaritons, i.e., the high-frequency polariton (HP) and low-frequency polariton (LP). When the enhanced cavity-magnon coupling {approaches} the critical value (i.e., the frequency of the LP becomes zero), the spin is fully decoupled from the HP, while the coupling between the spin and the LP is significantly improved. In the dispersive regime, a strong spin-spin coupling mediated by the LP is achieved with accessible parameters. Our proposal indicates that the critical cavity-magnon polarition is a potential interface to realize strong spin-spin coupling and manipulates remote solid spins.
TIBA: A web application for the visual analysis of temporal occurrences, interactions, and transitions of animal behavior
Authors: Kraus Nicolai , Aichem Michael , Klein Karsten , Lein Etienne , Jordan Alex , Schreiber Falk
Published: October 2024

Data in behavioral research is often quantified with event-logging software, generating large data sets containing detailed information about subjects, recipients, and the duration of behaviors. Exploring and analyzing such large data sets can be challenging without tools to visualize behavioral interactions between individuals or transitions between behavioral states, yet software that can adequately visualize complex behavioral data sets is rare. TIBA (The Interactive Behavior Analyzer) is a web application for behavioral data visualization, which provides a series of interactive visualizations, including the temporal occurrences of behavioral events, the number and direction of interactions between individuals, the behavioral transitions and their respective transitional frequencies, as well as the visual and algorithmic comparison of the latter across data sets. It can therefore be applied to visualize behavior across individuals, species, or contexts. Several filtering options (selection of behaviors and individuals) together with options to set node and edge properties (in the network drawings) allow for interactive customization of the output drawings, which can also be downloaded afterwards. TIBA accepts data outputs from popular logging software and is implemented in Python and JavaScript, with all current browsers supported. The web application and usage instructions are available at tiba.inf.uni-konstanz.de. The source code is publicly available on GitHub: github.com/LSI-UniKonstanz/tiba.
Regional variation in the landscape ecology of West Nile virus sentinel chicken seroconversion in Florida
Authors: Tavares Yasmin , Day Jonathan , Giordano Bryan V. , Eastmond Bradley , Burkett-Cadena Nathan , Guralnick Robert P. , Martin Estelle , Campbell Lindsay P.
Published: October 2024

How landscape composition and configuration impact the distribution of multi-vector and multi-host mosquito vector-borne disease systems, such as West Nile virus (WNV), remains challenging because of complex habitat and resource requirements by hosts and vectors that affect transmission opportunities. We examined correlations between landscape composition and configuration and 2018 WNV sentinel chicken seroconversion in Florida, USA across the state and within five National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) bioclimatic regions to understand strength and variation of landscape effects during an elevated transmission year. Although few landscape studies have examined WNV in Florida, we expected higher percentages of residential or medium-developed landscapes and more fragmented landscapes would be positively correlated with WNV seroconversion owing to the main mosquito vector habitats and avian host distributions. However, we expected to find variation in the importance of forest, wetland, and agriculture landscapes across bioclimatic regions in the state. WNV seroconversion rates were calculated using Florida 2018 Department of Health WNV sentinel chicken seroconversion data from 187 flocks maintained by mosquito control programs. Percent land cover and edge density metrics were calculated for multiple land cover classes and within multiple buffer distances from chicken coops using 2019 National Land Cover Data. We used binomial generalized linear mixed effects models to calculate the importance of landscape metrics to WNV seroconversion. We found no statewide predictors of seroconversion, but as expected, the importance of landscape varied across regions. In the north-central part of the state, we found higher seroconversion in less populated suburban areas while higher seroconversion in south-central Florida was correlated with fragmented forested areas within 0.5 km of coops and intact woody wetland areas within 2 km of coops. This work corroborates previous findings that consistent landscape predictors of WNV are difficult to identify across broader geographic areas and sets the stage for additional work that incorporates climate and landscapes interactions for a greater understanding of WNV ecology in this geographic region.