bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a sterile surgical skin marker to indicate the optimal vein for venepuncture in the blood donation setting
Authors: Bell Barbara , O’Donovan Justine , Wright Stephen T. , Gemelli Carley N. , Knight Elizabeth , Hirani Rena
Published: March 2020

Background and objectives

Phlebotomy is a central task for blood donation; however, not all blood donors have veins that are easy to see or feel. This study aimed to determine whether use of a surgical skin marker to highlight the donors’ vein location and direction prior to venepuncture increased blood donation success.

Methods

All blood donors who participated in this study were eligible to donate according to Australian guidelines. Ten donor centres with phlebotomy success rates <95% were selected. A randomized cluster trial design assigned five sites to test the skin marking device and five sites as controls. Single‐use sterile Gentian violet skin marker pens were used to mark donors’ veins. Phlebotomy site skin bacterial load after using the skin marking device was tested on a subset of 100 donors. Phlebotomy success rates and donor adverse events were recorded.

Results

Of the control donors, 6993 had successful phlebotomies and 225 failed. Of the skin marker donors, 6998 had successful phlebotomies and 248 failed. No statistically significant differences in phlebotomy success were found between the two groups (OR: 0·91, 96·4% CI [96·0, 96·8], P‐value 0·348).

Conclusion

The use of skin marker pens did not increase overall phlebotomy success rate. There was no increase in phlebotomy site skin bacterial load, and amendments to standard skin disinfection techniques were not required. Blood donors were not concerned about the pen mark on their arms. Generally, staff indicated that the markers may be valuable to assist with phlebotomies for donors with difficult or deep veins.
DETECTION OF PUMP FAULTS BASED ON SOUND SIGNALS USING NON-NEGATIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION
Authors: Vinaya Anindita Adikaputri , Nurmaulidah Fitri , Arifianto Dhany , Okta Arifianti Qurrotin Ayunina Maulida
Published: March 2020

Maintenance is very closely related to the performance of the production process. An alternative method that can be used to determine the damage to the engine is from the analysis of the sound pattern produced. If the sound source is more than one, then there will be signal mixing, and it will be a challenge in detecting damage to the engine. In this study, mixed signals will be separated. Separation of mixed sound signals was done using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method. Overall this study is aimed at detecting unbalance, misalignment, and bearing faults at pumps with microphones as sensors. The pumps used in this study were three pumps, where each pump had different conditions (unbalance, misalignment, and bearing fault). All three pumps have 3000 rpm. In this study, the recording process was carried out for 5 s. In this study, we also compare the location of the instantaneous frequency in full spectrum and corresponding frequency in local spectrum, and the distance between the spectra via the log spectral distance from the baseline signal and the estimated signal. Based on the instantaneous frequency approach, no error was found because of the instantaneous frequency suitability of the unbalanced machine condition with the estimated signal in the mixing configuration of three sources with two sensors. From the log spectral instance (LSD) results, the smallest value was obtained the smallest value in estimation 2, which tends to approach the unbalance condition with the LSD value of 1.0889. The most significant relative error is the estimated misalignment signal with a value of 11.2. However, overall damage can still be identified based on the pattern formed and some statistical parameters.
THE EFFECT OF PUNCH GEOMETRY ON PUNCHING PROCESS IN TITANIUM SHEET
Authors: Kurniawan Yani , Mahardika Muslim , Suyitno Suyitno
Published: March 2020

Reducing punch force, increasing the sheared surface, and improving the work hardening have been real challenges in developing a punching process, and the right selection of punch geometry can resolve these challenges. Selecting the appropriate geometry, however, has been difficult to do since the effect of punch geometry on the punching process is rarely studied, and therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of punch force, sheared surface, and work hardening by using commercially pure titanium sheets. The punching process under the study employed three different punch geometries, namely flat (FLAT), single shear angle (SSA) and double shear angle (DSA) with a shear angle of 17°, while the Punch velocity used was 35mm/s and 70 mm/s. The results show that the punching process using SSA and DSA punch geometry with the punch velocity of 35 mm/s reduces the punch force by 18% and 13% consecutively compared to that of FLAT with the same velocity. However, the sheared surface quality seems to decline as the rollover height increases by about 48% and 32%. Moreover, the burnish height decreases by 34% and 7% and the resulted work hardening improves by 4.7% and 2.3% respectively. The study concludes that SSA and DSA punch geometry can be best used to reduce punch force and increase work hardening, but apparently fail in increasing the sheared surface quality.
Experimental Demonstration of Inverse Heat Transfer Methodologies for Turbine Applications
Authors: Gonzalez Cuadrado David , Lozano Francisco , Paniagua Guillermo
Published: March 2020

Gas turbines operate at extreme temperatures and pressures, constraining the use of both optical measurement techniques as well as probes. A strategy to overcome this challenge consists of instrumenting the external part of the engine, with sensors located in a gentler environment, and use numerical inverse methodologies to retrieve the relevant quantities in the flowpath. An inverse heat transfer approach is a procedure that is used to retrieve the temperature, pressure, or mass flow through the engine based on the external casing temperature data. This manuscript proposes an improved digital filter inverse heat transfer method, which consists of a linearization of the heat conduction equation using sensitivity coefficients. The sensitivity coefficient characterizes the change of temperature due to a change in the heat flux. The heat conduction equation contains a non-linearity due to the temperature-dependent thermal properties of the materials. In previous literature, this problem is solved via iterative procedures that however increase the computational effort. The novelty of the proposed strategy consists of the inclusion of a non-iterative procedure to solve the non-linearity features. This procedure consists of the computation of the sensitivity coefficients in the function of temperature, together with an interpolation where the measured temperature is used to retrieve the sensitivity coefficients in each timestep. These temperature-dependent sensitivity coefficients are then used to compute the heat flux by solving the linear system of equations of the digital filter method. This methodology was validated in the Purdue Experimental Turbine Aerothermal Laboratory (PETAL) annular wind tunnel, a two-minute transient experiment with flow temperatures up to 450 K. Infrared thermography is used to measure the temperature in the outer surface of the inlet casing of a high-pressure turbine. Surface thermocouples measure the endwall metal temperature. The metal temperature maps from the IR thermography were used to retrieve the heat flux with the inverse method. The inverse heat transfer method results were validated against a direct computation of the heat flux obtained from temperature readings of surface thermocouples. The experimental validation was complemented with an uncertainty analysis of the inverse methodology: the Karhunen–Loeve expansion. This technique allows the propagation of uncertainty through stochastic systems of differential equations. In this case, the uncertainty of the inner casing heat flux has been evaluated through the simulation of different samples of the uncertain temperature field of the outer casing.
Erosion Testing of Environmental Barrier-Coated Ceramic Matrix Composite and Its Behavior on an Aero-Engine Turbine Vane Under Particle-Laden Hot Gas Stream
Authors: Okita Yoji , Mizokami Yosuke , Hasegawa Jun
Published: March 2020

Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) has better durability at high temperature and lower material density, as compared to nickel-based superalloys which have been the standard material for hot section components of aero-engines. Among the CMC materials, SiC–SiC CMC is especially promising with its superior mechanical property at a higher temperature. It, however, inevitably needs environmental barrier coating (EBC) to protect the substrate against oxidation. The EBC also needs to have other functions and to meet various requirements. One such very critical requirement is the resistance to sand erosion, although the issue has not been investigated well so far. The primary contribution of this work is to reveal the erosion resistance of the CMC + EBC material with wind tunnel test data of good quality and to demonstrate what erosion behavior the material exhibits in a turbine cascade under particle-laden hot gas stream. In the present work, erosion tests were first carried out in a testing facility with an erosion media of 50 μm silica sand. The tests were conducted under a flow velocity of 225 m/s and a temperature of 1311 K to simulate typical aero-engine conditions, and impact angles of 30, 60, and 80 deg were investigated. The obtained data showed a typical brittle erosion mode, where the erosion rate had a positive dependence on the impact angles. A typical erosion model, Neilson–Gilchrist model, was applied to correlate the data, and the model was shown to have a good agreement with the experimental data once it was properly calibrated. Then, the numerical computation solving particle-laden flow was carried out to predict three-dimensional flow field and particle trajectories across the target turbine cascade. The erosion profile along the airfoil was calculated based on the obtained trajectories and the calibrated erosion model. The trajectories showed that the particles mostly impinged the airfoil pressure surface first and then the rebounded particles attacked the opposite suction surface as well. Accordingly, the predicted erosion profile showed a broad erosion band across the pressure surface and also some slight erosion peak at around the mid-chord of the suction surface.
Measurement and modeling of sound propagation over continental slope in the South China Sea
Authors: Liu Jin , Peng Zhaohui , Li Zhenglin , Luo Wenyu , Yang Xishan
Published: March 2020

Measurements along two ship tracks were obtained in an experiment to investigate the properties of acoustic propagation over the continental slope in the South China Sea. The measured data show a notable difference in transmission loss about 35 dB as sound crosses different geodesic paths. Numerical simulations indicate that the range and azimuth-dependent geological properties control the level of the transmission loss and lead to this large transmission loss fluctuation. In addition, the model also suggests some small-scale features of horizontal refraction effect caused by irregular topography, but they are not observed in the measured data.
Mapping Canadian Wheelchair Curling Coaches’ Development: A Landscape Metaphor for a Systems Approach
Authors: Duarte Tiago , Culver Diane M. , Paquette Kyle
Published: March 2020

This study addresses the preintervention phase of a larger project aimed at enhancing the learning capability of the Canadian wheelchair curling coaches’ landscape. To understand the learning leverage features and learning barriers of this landscape, a mapping exercise was conducted. The authors interviewed 16 people, using a semistructured interview guide. The thematic analysis and a landscape metaphor resulted in a map illustrating the main features of the landscape and where the learning potential might be. The findings of this study suggest that geographical isolation, the high costs associated with coach training, and the low number of athletes are all barriers to coaches’ learning. Therefore, with the information gleaned from this phase, an intervention for these coaches should be designed to prioritize meaningful learning opportunities, incorporate influential people noted by coaches, and leverage opportunities at training camps and competitions to mitigate the barriers identified. The landscape view allows for a systems approach that considers the potential of involving the different levels of the sport system to best serve the learning needs of coaches. Rather than focus on individual coach learning, research is needed to better understand how the landscape approach can build learning capability within sport organizations.
Lower Limb Joint Kinetics During Walking in Middle-Aged Runners With Low or High Lifetime Running Exposure
Authors: Melaro Jake A. , Majaj Ramzi M. , Powell Douglas W. , DeVita Paul , Paquette Max R.
Published: March 2020

Aging is associated with a distal-to-proximal shift in joint kinetics during walking. This plasticity of gait is amplified rather than attenuated in old adults with high physical capacity. Because running is associated with greater kinetic demands at the ankle, older individuals with more versus less lifetime running exposure may retain a larger proportion of their ankle kinetics. The purpose of the study was to compare lower-extremity joint kinetics during walking between middle-aged runners with high and low lifetime running exposure. Eighteen middle-aged runners (9 per group) participated. Joint kinetics were calculated from kinematic and ground reaction force data during overground walking at 1.3 m·s−1 and compared between groups. High exposure runners produced 50% greater positive hip work (P = .03; Cohen d = 1.02) during walking compared with low exposure runners, but ankle kinetics were not different between groups. No other differences in joint kinetics or kinematics were observed between groups. These findings suggest that the age-related increase in hip joint kinetics during walking could be a compensatory gait strategy that is not attenuated by lifetime running exposure alone. Finally, the amount of lifetime running exposure did not affect ankle kinetics during walking in middle-aged runners.
Soil Bacterial Community Response and Nitrogen Cycling Variations Associated with Subalpine Meadow Degradation on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Luo Zhengming , Liu Jinxian , Jia Tong , Chai Baofeng , Wu Tiehang
Published: March 2020

Soil microbes play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycles of grassland ecosystems, yet information on how their community structure and functional characteristics change with subalpine meadow degradation is scarce. In this study, we evaluated the changes in bacterial community structure and nitrogen functional genes in degraded meadow soils. Meadow degradation had a significant effect on bacterial community composition. Soil total nitrogen was the best predictor of bacterial community structure. The beta diversities of the plant and soil bacterial communities were significantly correlated, while their alpha diversities were only weakly correlated. Meadow degradation decreased the potential for nitrogen fixation and denitrification but increased the potential for nitrification. These results have implications for the restoration and reconstruction of subalpine meadow ecosystem on the Loess Plateau.
Hypoxia’s impact on pelagic fish populations in Lake Erie: a tale of two planktivores
Authors: Stone Joshua P. , Pangle Kevin L. , Pothoven Steven A. , Vanderploeg Henry A. , Brandt Stephen B. , Höök Tomas O. , Johengen Thomas H. , Ludsin Stuart A.
Published: March 2020

Whether bottom hypoxia has long-lasting consequences for pelagic fish populations remains speculative for most ecosystems. We explored hypoxia’s influence on two pelagic zooplanktivores in Lake Erie that have different thermal preferences: cold-water rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and warm-water emerald shiners (Notropis atherinoides). To assess acute effects, we combined predictive bioenergetics-based modeling with field collections made across the hypoxic season in central Lake Erie during 2005 and 2007. To assess chronic effects, we related fishery-independent and fishery-dependent catches with hypoxia severity and top predator (walleye, Sander vitreus) abundance during 1986–2014. As our modeling predicted, hypoxia altered rainbow smelt movement and distributions, leading to avoidance of cold, hypoxic bottom waters. In response, diets shifted from benthic to pelagic organisms, and consumption and energetic condition declined. These changes were lacking in emerald shiners. Our long-term analyses showed rainbow smelt abundance and hypoxia to be negatively related and suggested that hypoxia avoidance increases susceptibility to commercial fishing and walleye predation. Collectively, our findings indicate that hypoxia can negatively affect pelagic fish populations over the long term, especially those requiring cold water.
Weak cosmic censorship conjecture in Einstein–Maxwell gravity with scalar hair
Authors: Jiang Jie , Zhang Ming
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we focus on the weak cosmic censorship conjecture (WCCC) in the Einstein–Maxwell gravity sourced by a conformally coupled scalar field, where the black hole solution can carry a scalar hair apart from the conserved charges of the electromagnetic field. Motivated by the new version of the gedanken experiments proposed by Sorce and Wald, we derive the first two order perturbation inequalities in the scalar-hair Reissner–Nordström (shRN) black holes based on the Iyer–Wald formalism under the stability consumption. In the collision process, we assume that the scalar hair can also be changed. As a result, we find that the nearly extremal shRN black holes cannot be destroyed by the above collision process under the second-order approximation after the two perturbation inequalities are considered. Our result at some level implies that the WCCC can also be restored in the black holes with some scalar hairs.
The $$D\rightarrow \rho $$ semileptonic and radiative decays within the light-cone sum rules
Authors: Fu Hai-Bing , Zeng Long , Lü Rong , Cheng Wei , Wu Xing-Gang
Published: March 2020

The measured branching ratio of the D meson semileptonic decay $$D \rightarrow \rho e^+ \nu _e$$D→ρe+νe, which is based on the $$0.82~{\mathrm{fb}^{-1}}$$0.82fb-1 CLEO data taken at the peak of $$\psi (3770)$$ψ(3770) resonance, disagrees with the traditional SVZ sum rules analysis by about three times. In the paper, we show that this discrepancy can be eliminated by applying the QCD light-cone sum rules (LCSR) approach to calculate the $$D\rightarrow \rho $$D→ρ transition form factors $$A_{1,2}(q^2)$$A1,2(q2) and $$V(q^2)$$V(q2). After extrapolating the LCSR predictions of these TFFs to whole $$q^2$$q2-region, we obtain $$1/|V_{\mathrm{cd}}|^2 \times \Gamma (D \rightarrow \rho e \nu _e) =(55.45^{+13.34}_{-9.41})\times 10^{-15}~\mathrm{GeV}$$1/|Vcd|2×Γ(D→ρeνe)=(55.45-9.41+13.34)×10-15GeV. Using the CKM matrix element and the $$D^0(D^+)$$D0(D+) lifetime from the Particle Data Group, we obtain $$\mathcal{B} (D^0\rightarrow \rho ^- e^+ \nu _e) = (1.749^{+0.421}_{-0.297}\pm 0.006)\times 10^{-3}$$B(D0→ρ-e+νe)=(1.749-0.297+0.421±0.006)×10-3 and $$\mathcal{B} (D^+ \rightarrow \rho ^0 e^+ \nu _e) = (2.217^{+0.534}_{-0.376}\pm 0.015)\times 10^{-3}$$B(D+→ρ0e+νe)=(2.217-0.376+0.534±0.015)×10-3, which agree with the CLEO measurements within errors. We also calculate the branching ratios of the two D meson radiative processes and obtain $$\mathcal{B}(D^0\rightarrow \rho ^0 \gamma )= (1.744^{+0.598}_{-0.704})\times 10^{-5}$$B(D0→ρ0γ)=(1.744-0.704+0.598)×10-5 and $$\mathcal{B}(D^+ \rightarrow \rho ^+ \gamma ) = (5.034^{+0.939}_{-0.958})\times 10^{-5}$$B(D+→ρ+γ)=(5.034-0.958+0.939)×10-5, which also agree with the Belle measurements within errors. Thus we think the LCSR approach is applicable for dealing with the D meson decays.
Multi-dimensional complex phase transition model by catastrophe theory developing Kolmogorov turbulence theory
Authors: Zhou Zhuo , Wu Jiu Hui , Liang Xiao , Lin Mei , Yuan Xiao Yang , Wang Yun Lei
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a novel multi-dimensional complex non-equilibrium phase transition model is put forward to describe quantitatively the physical development process of turbulence and develop the Kolmogorov turbulence theory from the catastrophe theory, in which the well-known −5/3 power law is only a special case in this paper proving the accuracy of our methods. Catastrophe theory is a highly generalized mathematical tool that summarizes the laws of non-equilibrium phase transition. Every control variable in catastrophe theory could be skillfully expanded into multi-parameter multiplication with different indices and the relationship among these characteristic indices can be determined by dimensionless analysis. Thus, the state variables can be expressed quantitatively with multiple parameters, and the multi-dimensional non-equilibrium phase transition theory is established. As an example, by adopting the folding catastrophe model, we strictly derive out the quantitative relationship between energy and wave number with respect to a new scale index [Formula: see text] to quantitative study the whole process of the laminar flow to turbulence, in which [Formula: see text] varies from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] corresponding to energy containing range and [Formula: see text] to energy containing scale where [Formula: see text] power law is deduced, and at [Formula: see text] the [Formula: see text] law of Kolmogorov turbulence theory is obtained, and fully developed turbulence phase starts at [Formula: see text] giving [Formula: see text] law. Furthermore, this theory presented is verified by our wind tunnel experiments. This novel non-equilibrium phase transition methods cannot only provide a new insight into the turbulence model, but also be applied to other non-equilibrium phase transitions.
Duality between Unprovability and Provability in Forward Refutation-search for Intuitionistic Propositional Logic
Authors: Fiorentini Camillo , Ferrari Mauro
Published: March 2020

The inverse method is a saturation-based theorem-proving technique; it relies on a forward proof-search strategy and can be applied to cut-free calculi enjoying the subformula property. Here, we apply this method to derive the unprovability of a goal formulaGin Intuitionistic Propositional Logic. To this aim we design a forward calculusFRJ(G) for Intuitionistic unprovability, which is appropriate for constructively ascertaining the unprovability of a formulaGby providing a concise countermodel for it; in particular, we prove that the generated countermodels have minimal height. Moreover, we clarify the role of the saturated database obtained as result of a failed proof-search inFRJ(G) by showing how to extract from such a database a derivation witnessing the Intuitionistic validity of the goal.
Beyond Artificial Reality
Authors: Pu Calton , Suprem Abhijit , Lima Rodrigo Alves , Musaev Aibek , Wang De , Irani Danesh , Webb Steve , Ferreira Joao Eduardo
Published: March 2020

With billions of active social media accounts and millions of live video cameras, live new big data offer many opportunities for smart applications. However, the main consumers of the new big data have been humans. We envision the research on
live knowledge
, to automatically acquire real-time, validated, and actionable information. Live knowledge presents two significant and diverging technical challenges: big noise and concept drift. We describe the EBKA (evidence-based knowledge acquisition) approach, illustrated by the LITMUS landslide information system. LITMUS achieves both high accuracy and wide coverage, demonstrating the feasibility and promise of EBKA approach to achieve live knowledge.
Design and evaluation of a context-adaptive AAC application for people with aphasia
Authors: Vargas Maurício
Published: March 2020

Communication with an Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) device tends to be extremely slow, mainly due to difficulties in navigating the extensive vocabulary needed for the generation of spontaneous utterances in a manner that allows the user to easily find and select appropriate words when communicating. This work aims to design, implement, and evaluate a context-adaptive AAC application that suggests the most appropriate words according to the user location and past vocabulary usage.
Oxidation and electrical properties of chromium-iron binary alloys in a corrosive molten electrolyte environment
Authors: Esmaily Mohsen , Mortazavi Nooshin , Birbilis Nick , Allanore Antoine
Published: March 2020

Chromium-iron (CrFe) binary alloys have recently been proposed to serve as the ʺinertʺ anode for molten oxide electrolysis (MOE). Herein, the effects of anodic polarization on physical and functional properties of CrFe anodes in the corrosive environment of MOE are studied via empirical observations and theoretical calculations. The findings indicate that the alloys form an inner chromia-alumina solid-solution covered by an MgCr2O4 spinel layer. A survey into the electrical properties of the detected oxides suggests that the layered oxide scale function as an efficient conductor of electricity at elevated temperature. The formation mechanism of the oxides is also investigated.
Dynamic Evaluation Method of Caprock Microscopic Sealing in CO2 Sequestration Project
Authors: Han Xu , Feng Fuping , Cong Ziyuan
Published: March 2020

The existing statistical evaluation methods of caprock sealing ability in CO2 sequestration engineering only take into account the sealing ability of caprocks before sequestration but cannot reflect the retained sealing ability of caprock after hydrochemical reactions. A microscopic sealing evaluation method of caprock was established based on the microscopic mechanism of chemical reaction and the breakthrough pressure of caprock which, changes with the time of CO2 sequestration, was taken as the dynamic evaluation index. The results show that the change of microstructure parameters such as the average pore radius after dissolution is the essential reason that affects the variation of the caprock microscopic sealing property. Dissolution or precipitation of different caprock minerals during the chemical reaction process is the key factor that determines the decrease or increase of caprock microscopic sealing property. The evaluation method can reflect the change of microscopic sealing property of the caprocks in different areas as the sealing time goes and provides an efficient and practical quantitative evaluation method for the initial formation site selection and safety sealing in the later stage.
A Robust Signature Based on Autophagy‐Associated LncRNAs for Predicting Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Mi , Shao Weihua , Dai Haiyun , Zhu Xin
Published: March 2020

Objective. To construct a predictive signature based on autophagy‐associated lncRNAs for predicting prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Materials and Methods. Differentially expressed autophagy genes (DEAGs) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were screened between normal and LUAD samples at thresholds of ∣log2Fold Change∣ > 1 and P value < 0.05. Univariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify overall survival‐ (OS‐) associated DElncRNAs. The total cohort was randomly divided into a training group (n = 229) and a validation group (n = 228) at a ratio of 1 : 1. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to build prognostic models in the training group that were further validated by the area under curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in both the validation and total cohorts. Results. A total of 30 DEAGs and 2997 DElncRNAs were identified between 497 LUAD tissues and 54 normal tissues; however, only 1183 DElncRNAs were related to the 30 DEAGs. A signature consisting of 13 DElncRNAs was built to predict OS in lung adenocarcinoma, and the survival analysis indicated a significant OS advantage of the low‐risk group over the high‐risk group in the training group, with a 5‐year OS AUC of 0.854. In the validation group, survival analysis also indicated a significantly favorable OS for the low‐risk group over the high‐risk group, with a 5‐year OS AUC of 0.737. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses indicated that only positive surgical margin (vs negative surgical margin) and high‐risk group (vs low‐risk group) based on the predictive signature were independent risk factors predictive of overall mortality in LUAD. Conclusions. This study investigated the association between autophagy‐associated lncRNAs and prognosis in LUAD and built a robust predictive signature of 13 lncRNAs to predict OS.
Construction and Chemical Profile on “Activity Fingerprint” of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from Different Cultivars Based on HPLC‐UV, LC/MS‐IT‐TOF, and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Zheng Guodong , Chao Yingxin , Luo Meixia , Xie Bin , Zhang Dedong , Hu Pingjun , Yang Xiujuan , Yang Depo , Wei Minyan
Published: March 2020

Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), known as Chenpi (CP) in Chinese, is a medicinal food for health and fitness. In order to find out the characteristic activity chemicals distinguishing various cultivars of CRP and provide a reference for effective development of citrus resources, an “activity fingerprint” of CRP from 21 different cultivars was established based on the evaluation of antitussive and expectorant activities. There were 18 common peaks in the HPLC fingerprint, of which 3 flavonoid glycosides and 14 polymethoxyflavonoids (PMFs) were identified by LC/MS‐IT‐TOF. Furthermore, five characteristic chemicals were determined and similarity calculation with principal component analysis (PCA) was combined together to compare the similarity and difference among various cultivars. The results showed that some other cultivars were also similar to C. reticulata “Chachi” except for C. reticulata “Tangerina” and C. reticulata “Dahongpao” recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Most importantly, the peels of C. reticulata “Shiyueju,” C. reticulata “Ponkan,” C. reticulata “Tribute,” and C. reticulata “Bayueju,” traditionally rarely used for medicinal food, were highly similar to that of C. reticulata “Chachi” and rich in bioactive flavonoids, which can be considered the effective medicinal resources of CRP.
Energy Efficient Design Techniques in Next-Generation Wireless Communication Networks: Emerging Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Ogbebor Joshua Onyeka , Imoize Agbotiname Lucky , Atayero Aderemi Aaron-Anthony
Published: March 2020

The projected rise in wireless communication traffic has necessitated the advancement of energy-efficient (EE) techniques for the design of wireless communication systems, given the high operating costs of conventional wireless cellular networks, and the scarcity of energy resources in low-power applications. The objective of this paper is to examine the paradigm shifts in EE approaches in recent times by reviewing traditional approaches to EE, analyzing recent trends, and identifying future challenges and opportunities. Considering the current energy concerns, nodes in emerging wireless networks range from limited-energy nodes (LENs) to high-energy nodes (HENs) with entirely different constraints in either case. In view of these extremes, this paper examines the principles behind energy-efficient wireless communication network design. We then present a broad taxonomy that tracks the areas of impact of these techniques in the network. We specifically discuss the preponderance of prediction-based energy-efficient techniques and their limits, and then discuss the trends in renewable energy supply systems for future networks. Finally, we recommend more context-specific energy-efficient research efforts and cross-vendor collaborations to push the frontiers of energy efficiency in the design of wireless communication networks.
Similarity Requirements for Mixed Convective Boundary Layer Flow over Vertical Curvilinear Porous Surfaces with Heat Generation/Absorption
Authors: Maleque Kh. Abdul
Published: March 2020

Similarity requirements for three dimensional combined forced and free convective laminar boundary layer flows over the porous inclined vertical curvilinear surfaces with buoyancy effects and heat absorption/generation effects are investigated theoretically. The potential flow in the mainstream and Gabriel lame coefficients outside of the boundary layer are the function of ξ,η. Hence, the external velocity components (Ue, Ve) and Gabriel lame coefficients h1,h2,h3 are independent of ζ. Here, h3ξ,η=1 has been set such that ζ represents actual distance measured normal to the surface. Similarity requirements for an incompressible fluid are sought on the basis of detailed analyses in order to reduce the governing partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. Finally, different possible cases are exhibited in a tabular form with the inclusion of ΔT variations for onward flow study that are helpful to the future researchers for the flow over the orthogonal curvilinear surfaces.
VIII ENCUENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN ODONTOLOGÍA UC
Authors: MEDICA ARS
Published: March 2020

El viernes 10 de enero se realizó en las dependencias de la Escuela de Odontología de la Pontificia Universidad de Chile, el VIII Encuentro de Investigación de Odontología UC. Este evento fue organizado por la Comisión de Investigación de la Escuela, junto a la Comisión Científica de Estudiantes (CCEO UC). En este encuentro, fueron socializados 6 trabajos de investigación en la modalidad de presentación oral y 28 posters, en los que participaron estudiantes de pregrado de nuestra Escuela y de varias Facultades de Odontología de nuestro país.
La corresponsabilidad parental nos hace felices
Authors: Claudia Donaire
Published: March 2020

Todos y todas necesitamos trabajar, pero quién y cómo se ocupa de las labores de cuidado mientras trabajamos, no siempre ha sido de interés público. Por mucho tiempo ha sido un problema que las mujeres hemos debido enfrentar y resolver solas, sin ayuda de los hombres, de quienes nos emplean ni del Estado. Esto es injusto e insostenible. Debemos socializar el problema y las soluciones, si queremos garantizar que todos y todas puedan insertarse laboralmente sin afectar el cuidado de quienes están a nuestro cargo. Pero también debemos hacerlo si queremos ser felices, no es un asunto solo de justicia o de economía, es también una cuestión de humanidad, de felicidad.
Dissecting the Tumor–Immune Landscape in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: Key Challenges and Opportunities for a Systems Immunology Approach
Authors: Chen Gregory M. , Azzam Andrew , Ding Yang-Yang , Barrett David M. , Grupp Stephan A. , Tan Kai
Published: March 2020

The adoptive transfer of genetically engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has opened a new frontier in cancer therapy. Unlike the paradigm of targeted therapies, the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy depends not only on the choice of target but also on a complex interplay of tumor, immune, and stromal cell communication. This presents both challenges and opportunities from a discovery standpoint. Whereas cancer consortia have traditionally focused on the genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic landscape of cancer cells, there is an increasing need to expand studies to analyze the interactions between tumor, immune, and stromal cell populations in their relevant anatomical and functional compartments. Here, we focus on the promising application of systems biology to address key challenges in CAR T-cell therapy, from understanding the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in hematologic and solid tumors to addressing important clinical challenges in biomarker discovery and therapeutic toxicity. We propose a systems biology view of key clinical objectives in CAR T-cell therapy and suggest a path forward for a biomedical discovery process that leverages modern technological approaches in systems biology.
TBK1 Activation by VHL Loss in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Novel HIF-Independent Vulnerability
Authors: Bakouny Ziad , Barbie David A.
Published: March 2020

The Von Hippel-Lindau gene product is a tumor suppressor whose ubiquitin ligase function is key to oxygen-sensing in cells, whereas Tank-binding kinase (TBK1) is a kinase mostly implicated in innate immune response. The study by Hu and colleagues in this issue reveals that VHL suppresses TBK1 activity under normoxic conditions, and that loss of VHL in kidney cancer cells renders them sensitive to TBK1 inhibition, providing a new potential target for the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

See related article by Hu et al., p. 460.
Unraveling the Architecture of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma One Cell at a Time
Authors: Fisher Daniel A.C. , Oh Stephen T.
Published: March 2020

Aoki and colleagues have utilized single-cell RNA sequencing and imaging mass cytometry to describe the landscape of reactive, nonmalignant immune-cell populations present in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), and delineate their spatial proximity to malignant Hodgkin–Reed–Sternberg cells. From this study, they have identified a LAG3-expressing Tr1-type Treg cell population as prevalent mainly in MHC-II–negative cHL, implying a potential functional relationship underlying the differential responsiveness of MHC-II–negative versus MHC-II–positive cHLs to immunotherapy.

See related article by Aoki et al., p. 406.
A Preterm Infant with Multiple Anomalies Diagnosed with Atypical CHARGE Syndrome after a Novel CHD7 Variant Confirmed Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Kim Hyun Ho , Kim Ah Reum , Kim Nayoung K.D. , Ahn So Yoon , Sung Se In , Park Won Soon , Lee Chung , Chang Yun Sil , Park Woong-Yang
Published: March 2020

CHARGE syndrome has a clinically broad spectrum of phenotypes, including partial or atypical type. CHD7 mutation is related to CHARGE syndrome that shows various phenotypes according to the CHD7 variant. Developments in genetic analysis techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), are helping both diagnosis and treatment of diseases. We report the case of a preterm infant diagnosed with atypical CHARGE who has a novel and de novo CHD7 variant that was identified using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Neonatologists tend to be reluctant to diagnose infants with multiple malformations because they have to focus on treating life-threatening complications; however, NGS is considered helpful for the early diagnosis of broad-spectrum anomalies during the neonatal period.
Complications of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: An Observational Study
Authors: Bianchi Nathan Axel , Altarelli Marco , Eckert Philippe , Schneider Antoine Guillaume
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is the recommended anticoagulation modality for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). RCA was associated with a low rate of complications in randomized controlled trials. However, little is known about the type and rate of complications in real life. We sought to describe complications associated with RCA in comparison with those associated with heparin anticoagulation. Methods: In our institution, RCA has been the default anticoagulation modality for CRRT in all patients without contraindications since 2013. We have retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients who received CRRT between January and December 2016 in our institution. For each CRRT session, we have assessed circuit duration, administered dose, as well as therapy-associated complications. Those parameters were compared according to whether the circuit was run in continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) mode with RCA or continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) mode with heparin anticoagulation. Results: We analyzed 691 CRRT sessions in 121 patients. Of those 400 (57.9%) were performed in CVVHD-RCA mode and 291 (42.1%) in CVVH-Heparin Mode. Compared with ­CVVH-Heparin mode, CVVHD-RCA mode was associated with a longer circuit lifespan (median duration 54.9 interquartile range [IQR 44.6] vs. 15.3 h [IQR 22.4], p < 0.0001). It was associated with a higher rate of metabolic acidosis 77 (20.2%) vs. 18 (7.2%), (p < 0.0001), alkalosis 186 (48.7%) vs. 43 (17.1%), (p= 0.0001), and hypocalcemia 96 (25.07%) vs. 26 events (10.79%), p < 0.0001. However, the majority of these alterations were of benign or moderate severity. Only one possible citrate intoxication was observed. Conclusions: CVVHD-RCA was associated with a much longer circuit life but an increased rate of minor metabolic complications, in particular acid-base derangements. Some of these complications might have been prevented by therapy adaptation. Medical and nursing staff education is of major importance in the implementation of an RCA protocol.
Citizen Strangers: Identity Labelling and Discourse in the French Mandatory Syria﻿, 1920–1932
Authors: Abrahamyan Victoria
Published: March 2020

This article explores the roles played by Armenian refugees in the politics of identity in Mandatory Syria by examining how their arrival shaped the discourses of inclusion and exclusion. It does so by analysing three key events: the Armenians’ access to citizenship and voting rights (1924–﻿1925), the Great Syrian Revolt (1925–﻿1927), and the arrival of new Armenian refugees (1929–﻿1930) – during which a ‘Syrian’ identity was gradually confirmed against the Armenian newcomers. Making use of discursive narratives by Syrian and Armenian political parties, media outlets and pamphlets, the article demonstrates that the discourse against the Armenian refugees played a decisive role for both hosting and incoming communities to construct mutually excluding national identities. If the Arab nationalists used the ﻿anti-Armenian discourse ﻿as an opportunity to define a ‘Syrian’ national identity closely identified with Islam and Arabness, similarly, it was used by the Armenian political elite to mobilise Armenian refugees.
Settlement Law of 1934: Turkish Nationalism in the Age of Revisionism
Authors: Öztan Ramazan Hakkı
Published: March 2020

There is a strong tendency in Turkish historiography to approach Kemalist policies as purely domestic affairs that emanate from the centre in a top-down manner, reflecting the clear ideological positions of Ankara. The existing scholarship on the Settlement Law (1934), too, has read the development of Kemalist demographic policies in ideological terms, framing them in top-down modernist trajectories that were long in the making since the late Ottoman times. These perspectives often remained analytically singular and nation-centred, failing to engage with the broader transnational developments that were in fact crucial to the making and timing of a range of Kemalist policies. As such, the processes of demographic engineering are framed as devoid of historical conjuncture and immune from unintended consequences or the constraints presented by state capacity. In this article, I seek to overcome such limitations by situating the Settlement Law within its due transnational context of heightened interstate rivalries since the 1930s. Unfolding in myriad ways across the borderlands of Eastern Europe, the complex dynamics of interstate competition created the necessary push and pull factors that started dislodging the Balkan Muslims from those areas coveted by various territorially revisionist states in the region. The demographic engineering their arrival triggered in Turkey, I argue, was therefore as much national as international.
Charge Based Current–Voltage Model for the Silicon on Insulator Junctionless Field-Effect Transistor
Authors: Jeong Yongjin , Kang In Man , Cho Seongjae , Park Jisun , Shin Hyungsoon
Published: March 2020

In this study, we propose an accurate and simple current–voltage model for an SOI-JLFET based on a solution of the Poisson equation. The model is divided into three regions: accumulation, accumulation–depletion, and depletion. The charge density in each region is calculated
with the Poisson equation and region-specific boundary conditions, and then the current is obtained by integrating the charge density with consideration of the Vds effect. The proposed model, which was implemented in HSPICE using Verilog-A, was validated using TCAD simulation
for various physical conditions such as SOI channel thickness, gate oxide thickness, and channel doping concentration type. According to simulation results by the error rate calculation, our model shows more than 90% accuracy.
Improved Output Voltage of a Nanogenerator with 3D Fabric
Authors: Kim Do-Kyung , Jeong Jae Bum , Lim Kyungmin , Ko Jaehoon , Lang Philippe , Choi Muhan , Lee Sohee , Bae Jin-Hyuk , Kim Hyeok
Published: March 2020

Electrically enhanced triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) using 3D fabrics and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are suggested for next-generation wearable electronics. TENGs with fabric–fabric– fabric (FFF) and PDMS–fabric–PDMS (PFP) structures were fabricated with
ordinary 2D fabrics and honeycomb-like 3D fabrics. A 3D fabric TENG with an FFF structure showed an output voltage of 7 V, 7 times higher than a 2D fabric FFF structured TENG. Interestingly, an extremely high output voltage of 240 V was achieved by a 3D fabric PFP structured TENG. This was
attributed to the high surface frictional triboelectric effect between fabric and PDMS and also marginal 3D structure in the 3D fabric active layer.
Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Silicone-Acrylate Copolymer Containing 1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane
Authors: Lee Min-Jae , Sung A-Young
Published: March 2020

The silicone monomer used in this study contains acrylate group to prepare the hydrophilic polymer. For the polymerization, TMDS (1,3-Bis(3-aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane) was added to the mixture containing synthesized silicone, DMA (N,N-dimethyl acrylamide), HEMA (2-Hydroxyethyl
methacrylate), EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and the initiator AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) with various concentrations. To make the functional hydrogel lens, metal oxide (Chromium oxide and Cobalt iron oxide) nanoparticles were used as additives. Using the polymer produced through
the thermal polymerization process, the optical and physical characteristics of produced silicone hydrogel lenses were measured. The water content of sample was in the range of 63.70~69.08%, refractive index 1.3769~1.3880, contact angle 60.02~85.28°, and oxygen permeability (Dk) 24.79~37.92
× 10−11 (cm2/sec) (mlO2/mlmmHg). In case of the hydrogel sample with nanoparticles, the oxygen permeability value was increased with amount of nanoparticles. Silicone hydrogel monomer containing metal oxide nanoparticles were expected to be used
usefully as a material for green tinted optical lens with high oxygen permeability.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Hyperbranched Trimethylsilyl Substituted Poly(phenylene vinylene) Derivative
Authors: Kim Kyeongmin , Ahn Taek
Published: March 2020

A novel trimethylsilyl substituted hyperbranched conjugated poly(phenylene vinylene) (Hyper-PBTMS-PPV) was synthesized through the Wittig polycondensation polymerization. Hyper-PBTMSPPV has good solubility in common organic solvents and showed good thermal stability up to 402 °C
with less than 5 wt% weight loss. The photophysical properties of Hyper-PBTMS-PPV film are investigated and compared with trimethylsilyl-containing linear poly(1,4-phenylene vinylene) (Linear-PBTMS-PPV). An absorption maximum of Hyper-PBTMS-PPV film was determined at 335 nm which was far blue-shifted
than that of Linear-PBTMS-PPV (380 nm). Hyper-PBTMS-PPV film showed blue photoluminescence (PL) peak at 449 nm. In addition, Hyper-PBTMS-PPV film exhibited almost no long wavelength emission peaks even the film was annealed at 120 °C for 30 min in air condition. High PL efficiency (Φfilm
= 0.80) and no aggregate or excimer emission of Hyper-PBTMS-PPV film are due to the inhibition of intramolecular or intermolecular interaction by the introduction of the hyperbranched network into the trimethylsilyl-containing poly(phenylene vinylene) backbone.