bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voluntary Feed Intake of Goats Supplemented with Different Dietary Fats
Authors: Ningal Niel L.
Published: July 2020

Three (3) female (rumen-cannulated goats) weighting 27.33±1.53 kg were housed in individual elevated metabolism stalls provided with 30% concentrate in the morning based on feed requirements (3% of their body weight (BW) dry matter (DM) basis) of the animals. Ad libitum feeding of napier grass follows thereafter. Clean drinking water were made available all the times in the respective animal watering troughs. All data were collected sequentially in every cycle of the study. There were 7 days lag period in every cycle for the animals to return to each natural state. On the 8 th day of every cycle animals were given different dietary treatment. Voluntary feed intakes were recorded for 3 days. This was done on the 11th to 13th day of feeding trial (3 days after treatment). The following were data collected, daily roughage dry matter intake (g/ kg metabolic body weight), daily concentrate feed intake (g DM/kg MBW) and daily total feed dry matter intake (g DM/ kg MBW). All data collected showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) among treatment means was observed. This implies that supplementing 3 to 5% dietary fats from two different sources (VCO and Lard) in ruminant diet do not influence the roughage, concentrate and total feed intake of mature female goats.
The Effect of Brand Image and Price on Customer Satisfaction in Purchasing Es Kopi Susu Keluarga at FamilyMart Jakarta
Authors: Sedky Muhammad , Riyanto Setyo
Published: July 2020

Coffee has become a lifestyle requirement for people in Jakarta. Many new businesses take advantage of this opportunity; one of them is FamilyMart. FamilyMart is a Japanese retail company that also sells food and beverages, one of the popular products is the iced Kopi Kopi Keluarga. The purpose of this research is to analyze and explain the effect of corporate image, store image, product image and price on customer satisfaction in purchasing Es Kopi Susu Keluarga. This research method uses descriptive methods and quantitative approaches using questionnaires as research instruments. The number of samples used was 59 respondents. Conclusion of the results of the analysis of this study found that the variables significantly influence the variable of customer satisfaction.
Internet Addiction Among KNUST School of Medical Sciences and Dentistry (KSMD) Students - A Preliminary Study in Ghana.
Authors: Amoah Christian , Frimpong – Manso Addo , Adjaottor Emma Sethina , Ayeboafo Ansah Ebenezer Otu , Somhlaba Nceba. Z.
Published: July 2020

The rising rate of internet accessibility has brought with it an attendant challenge of Internet Addiction (IA). This study assessed the level of IA and its relationships to loneliness, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life focusing on students of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology School of Medical Sciences (KSMD) Kumasi, Ghana. The cross-sectional survey method was used with 122 students conveniently sampled from KSMD. From the findings, no severe internet addiction was found, however, 9.84 % and 41.80 % scored in the moderate and mild internet addiction ranges respectively. The results also indicated a weak positive correlation between internet addiction and loneliness, self-esteem and a weak negative but highly significant association with satisfaction with life. While severe IA is not yet a serious problem, 9.83 and 41.3% of the study population suffered from moderate and mild IA respectively and stood the risk of progressing to the severe end of the IA continuum. Counseling was therefore recommended for students to master control over their internet usage.

Keywords: Internet addiction, Loneliness, Self-Esteem, Satisfaction with Life.
Nature of Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei in “Nonmerging” Luminous Infrared Galaxies UGC 2608 and NGC 5135 Revealed with Broadband X-Ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Yamada Satoshi , Ueda Yoshihiro , Tanimoto Atsushi , Oda Saeko , Imanishi Masatoshi , Toba Yoshiki , Ricci Claudio
Published: July 2020

We have analyzed the broadband X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in two “nonmerging” luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), UGC 2608 and NGC 5135, utilizing the data of Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, Suzaku, XMM-Newton, and Chandra. Applying the X-ray clumpy-torus model (XCLUMPY), we find that both sources have similar spectra characterized by Compton-thick (CT) absorption (

 ∼ 5–7 × 1024 cm−2) and small torus angular width (σ < 20°). The intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosities are

 × 1043 erg s−1 (UGC 2608) and

 × 1043 erg s−1 (NGC 5135). The [O iv]-to-nuclear-12 μm luminosity ratios are larger than those of typical Seyferts, which are consistent with the torus covering factors (

0.7) estimated from the torus angular widths and column densities by X-ray spectroscopy. The torus covering factors and Eddington ratios (

 ∼ 0.1) follow the relation found by Ricci et al. for local AGNs, implying that their tori become geometrically thin, due to significant radiation pressure of the AGN that blows out some part of the tori. These results indicate that the CT AGNs in these “nonmerger” LIRGs are just a normal AGN population seen edge-on through a large line-of-sight column density. They are in contrast to the buried CT AGNs in late-stage mergers that have large torus covering factors even at large Eddington ratios.
The Copula of the Cosmological Matter Density Field is Non-Gaussian
Authors: Qin Jian , Yu Yu , Zhang Pengjie
Published: July 2020

Non-Gaussianity of the cosmological matter density field can be largely reduced by a local Gaussianization transformation (and its approximations, such as the logarithmic transformation). Such behavior can be recast as the Gaussian copula hypothesis (GCH), and has been verified to very high accuracy at a two-point level. On the other hand, statistically significant non-Gaussianities in the Gaussianized field have been detected in simulations. We point out that this apparent inconsistency is caused by the very limited degrees of freedom in the copula function, which make it misleading as a diagnosis of residual non-Gaussianity in the Gaussianized field. Using the copula density and at the two-point level, we highlight the departure from Gaussianity. We further quantify its impact in the predicted nth (n ≥ 2) order correlation functions. We explore a remedy of the GCH, which alleviates but does not completely solve the above problems.
Black Hole Growth and Feedback in Isolated ROMULUS25 Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Sharma Ray S. , Brooks Alyson M. , Somerville Rachel S. , Tremmel Michael , Bellovary Jillian , Wright Anna C. , Quinn Thomas R.
Published: July 2020

We investigate the effects of massive black hole growth on the structural evolution of dwarf galaxies within the Romulus25 cosmological hydrodynamical simulation. We study a sample of 205 central, isolated dwarf galaxies with stellar masses

and a central BH. We find that the local M
BH–M
star relation exhibits a high degree of scatter below M
star < 1010
M
⊙, which we use to classify BHs as overmassive or undermassive relative to their host M
star. Within isolated dwarf galaxies, only 8% of undermassive BHs ever undergo a BH merger, while 95% of overmassive BHs grow through a mixture of BH mergers and accretion. We find that isolated dwarf galaxies that host overmassive BHs also follow different evolutionary tracks relative to their undermassive BH counterparts, building up their stars and dark matter earlier and experiencing star formation suppression starting around z = 2. By z = 0.05, overmassive BH hosts above M
star > 109
M
⊙ are more likely to exhibit lower central stellar mass density, lower H i gas content, and lower star formation rates than their undermassive BH counterparts. Our results suggest that overmassive BHs in isolated galaxies above M
star > 109
M
⊙ are capable of driving feedback, in many cases suppressing and even quenching star formation by late times.
Polluting the Pair-instability Mass Gap for Binary Black Holes through Super-Eddington Accretion in Isolated Binaries
Authors: van Son L. A. C. , De Mink S. E. , Broekgaarden F. S. , Renzo M. , Justham S. , Laplace E. , Morán-Fraile J. , Hendriks D. D. , Farmer R.
Published: July 2020

The theory for single stellar evolution predicts a gap in the mass distribution of black holes (BHs) between approximately 45 and 130

, the so-called “pair-instability mass gap.” We examine whether BHs can pollute the gap after accreting from a stellar companion. To this end, we simulate the evolution of isolated binaries using a population synthesis code, where we allow for super-Eddington accretion. Under our most extreme assumptions, we find that at most about 2% of all merging binary BH systems contains a BH with a mass in the pair-instability mass gap, and we find that less than 0.5% of the merging systems has a total mass larger than 90

. We find no merging binary BH systems with a total mass exceeding 100

. We compare our results to predictions from several dynamical pathways to pair-instability mass gap events and discuss the distinguishable features. We conclude that the classical isolated binary formation scenario will not significantly contribute to the pollution of the pair-instability mass gap. The robustness of the predicted mass gap for the isolated binary channel is promising for the prospective of placing constraints on (i) the relative contribution of different formation channels, (ii) the physics of the progenitors including nuclear reaction rates, and, tentatively, (iii) the Hubble parameter.
HST Grism-derived Forecasts for Future Galaxy Redshift Surveys
Authors: Bagley Micaela B. , Scarlata Claudia , Mehta Vihang , Teplitz Harry , Baronchelli Ivano , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Pozzetti Lucia , Cimatti Andrea , Rutkowski Michael , Wang Yun , Merson Alexander
Published: July 2020

The mutually complementary Euclid and Roman galaxy redshift surveys will use Hα- and [O iii]-selected emission-line galaxies (ELGs) as tracers of the large-scale structure at 0.9 ≲ z ≲ 1.9 (Hα) and 1.5 ≲ z ≲ 2.7 ([O iii]). It is essential to have a reliable and sufficiently precise knowledge of the expected numbers of Hα-emitting galaxies in the survey volume in order to optimize these redshift surveys for the study of dark energy. Additionally, these future samples of ELGs will, like all slitless spectroscopy surveys, be affected by a complex selection function that depends on galaxy size and luminosity, line equivalent width (EW), and redshift errors arising from the misidentification of single ELGs. Focusing on the specifics of the Euclid survey, we combine two slitless spectroscopic WFC3-IR data sets—3D-HST+AGHAST and the WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallel survey—to construct a Euclid-like sample that covers an area of 0.56 deg2 and includes 1277 ELGs. We detect 1091 (∼3270 deg−2) Hα+[N ii]-emitting galaxies in the range 0.9 ≤ z ≤ 1.6 and 162 (∼440 deg−2) [O iii] λ5007 emitters over 1.5 ≤ z ≤ 2.3 with line fluxes ≥2 × 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2. The median of the Hα+[N ii] EW distribution is ∼250 Å, and the effective radii of the continuum and Hα+[N ii] emission are correlated with a median of ∼0.″38 and significant scatter (σ ∼ 0.″2–0.″35). Finally, we explore the prevalence of redshift misidentification in future Euclid samples, finding potential contamination rates of ∼14%–20% and ∼6% down to 2 × 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2 and 6 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2, respectively, although with increased wavelength coverage these percentages drop to nearly zero.
The Coevolution of Galaxies and the Cool Circumgalactic Medium Probed with the SDSS and DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
Authors: Lan 藍鼎 Ting-Wen 文
Published: July 2020

We study the evolution of galaxies and the circumgalactic medium (CGM) through cosmic time by correlating ∼50,000 Mg ii absorbers, tracers of cool gas (∼104 K), detected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar spectra with galaxies detected in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. By doing so, we extract the properties of galaxies associated with absorbers from redshift 0.4 to 1.3 with effectively ∼15,000 pairs and explore the covering fraction of Mg ii absorbers as a function of galaxy type, stellar mass, impact parameter, and redshift. We find that the gas covering fraction increases with stellar mass of galaxies by

. However, after we normalize the impact parameter by the virial radius of dark matter halos, the gas profiles around galaxies with masses ranging from 109 to

become weakly dependent on stellar mass. In addition, the gas distribution depends on galaxy type: the covering fraction within

around star-forming galaxies is 2–4 times higher than that around passive galaxies at all redshifts. We find that the covering fraction of strong absorbers (

) around both types of galaxies evolves significantly with redshift, similarly to the evolution of star formation rate (SFR) of galaxies, while such an evolution is not detected for weak absorbers (

). We quantify the H i mass traced by strong absorbers and find that the gas mass around galaxies evolves consistently with the SFR of galaxies. This result suggests that the properties of galaxies and their CGM coevolve through cosmic time. Finally, we discuss the origins of strong absorbers around passive galaxies and argue that its redshift evolution may trace the star formation activity of satellite galaxies.
Properties of Neutron Stars Described by a Relativistic Ab Initio Model
Authors: Wang Chencan , Hu Jinniu , Zhang Ying , Shen Hong
Published: July 2020

Properties of neutron stars are investigated by an available relativistic ab initio method, the relativistic Brueckner–Hartree–Fock (RBHF) model, with the latest high-precision, relativistic charge-dependent potentials, pvCD-Bonn A, B, C. The neutron star matter is solved within the beta equilibrium and charge neutrality conditions in the framework of the RBHF model. Compared to the conventional treatment, where the chemical potential of leptons was approximately represented by the symmetry energy of nuclear matter, the equation of state of neutron star matter in the present self-consistent calculation with pvCD-Bonn B has a striking difference above the baryon number density n

b
 = 0.55 fm−3. However, these differences influence the global properties of neutron stars only about 1% to 2%. Then, three two-body potentials pvCD-Bonn A, B, C, with different tensor components, are systematically applied in the RBHF model to calculate the properties of neutron stars. It is found that the maximum masses of neutron stars are around 2.21–2.30 M
⊙, and the corresponding radii are R = 11.18–11.72 km. The radii of a 1.4 M
⊙ neutron star are predicated as R
1.4 = 12.34–12.91 km, and their dimensionless tidal deformabilities are Λ1.4 = 485–626. Furthermore, the direct URCA process in neutron star cooling will happen from n

b
 = 0.414 to 0.530 fm−3 with the proton fractions Y

p
 = 0.136–0.138. All of the results obtained from the RBHF model only with two-body pvCD-Bonn potentials completely satisfy various constraints from recent astronomical observations of massive neutron stars, gravitational wave detection (GW170817), and simultaneous mass–radius measurement.
Self-consistent Semianalytic Modeling of Feedback during Primordial Star Formation and Reionization
Authors: Visbal Eli , Bryan Greg L. , Haiman Zoltán
Published: July 2020

We present a new semianalytic model of the formation of the first stars. Our method takes dark matter halo merger trees (including three-dimensional spatial information) from cosmological N-body simulations as input and applies analytic prescriptions to compute both the Population III and metal-enriched star formation histories. We have developed a novel method to accurately compute the major feedback processes affecting Population III star formation: H2 photodissociation from Lyman–Werner (LW) radiation, suppression of star formation due to inhomogeneous reionization, and metal enrichment via supernova winds. Our method utilizes a grid-based approach relying on fast Fourier transforms to rapidly track the LW intensity, ionization fraction, and metallicity in three dimensions throughout the simulation box. We present simulations for a wide range of astrophysical model parameters from z ≈ 30 to 6. Initially long-range LW feedback and local metal enrichment and reionization feedback dominate. However, for z ≲ 15 we find that the star formation rate density (SFRD) of Population III stars is impacted by the combination of external metal enrichment (metals from one halo polluting other pristine halos) and inhomogeneous reionization. We find that the interplay of these processes is particularly important for the Population III SFRD at z ≲ 10. Reionization feedback delays star formation long enough for metal bubbles to reach halos that would otherwise form Population III stars. Including these effects can lead to more than an order-of-magnitude decrease in the Population III SFRD at z = 6 compared to LW feedback alone.
The Beautiful Mess in Abell 2255
Authors: Botteon A. , Brunetti G. , van Weeren R. J. , Shimwell T. W. , Pizzo R. F. , Cassano R. , Iacobelli M. , Gastaldello F. , Bîrzan L. , Bonafede A. , Brüggen M. , Cuciti V. , Dallacasa D. , de Gasperin F. , Di Gennaro G. , Drabent A. , Hardcastle M. J. , Hoeft M. , Mandal S. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Simionescu A.
Published: July 2020

We present LOFAR observations of one of the most spectacular objects in the radio sky: Abell 2255. This is a nearby (z = 0.0806) merging galaxy cluster hosting one of the first radio halos ever detected in the intracluster medium (ICM). The deep LOFAR images at 144 MHz of the central ∼10 Mpc2 region show a plethora of emission on different scales, from tens of kiloparsecs to above megaparsec sizes. In this work, we focus on the innermost region of the cluster. Among the numerous interesting features observed, we discover remarkable bright and filamentary structures embedded in the radio halo. We incorporate archival WSRT 1.2 GHz data to study the spectral properties of the diffuse synchrotron emission and find a very complex spectral index distribution in the halo spanning a wide range of values. We combine the radio data with Chandra observations to investigate the connection between the thermal and nonthermal components by quantitatively comparing the radio and X-ray surface brightness and the spectral index of the radio emission with the thermodynamical quantities of the ICM. Despite the multitude of structures observed in the radio halo, we find that the X-ray and radio emission are overall well correlated. The fact that the steepest spectrum emission is located in the cluster center and traces regions with high entropy possibly suggests the presence of seed particles injected by radio galaxies that are spread in the ICM by the turbulence generating the extended radio halo.
Large-format X-Ray Reflection Grating Operated in an Echelle-like Mounting
Authors: DeRoo Casey T. , McEntaffer Randall L. , Donovan Benjamin D. , Grisé Fabien , Eichfeld Chad , Burwitz Vadim , Hartner Gisela , Pelliciari Carlo , La Caria Marlis-Madeleine
Published: July 2020

We report on resolving power measurements of an X-ray reflection grating designed for use in an astronomical soft X-ray spectrograph. The grating was patterned via electron-beam lithography (EBL) to have fanned grooves to match the convergence of an illuminating beam. Grating measurements were conducted in an echelle-like mounting, which yields access to high diffraction orders in the soft X-ray bandpass (0.2–2.0 keV). By comparing the zeroth-order line-spread function to the telescope focus, we find evidence for minimal broadening (<1″) introduced by the figure of the grating. In addition, we fit for the spectral resolution (R = λ/Δλ) intrinsic to this grating using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. Using an ensemble fitting technique, we find that the grating resolution R exceeds 2200 (3σ lower bound). This current grating resolution meets the performance required for a notional soft X-ray grating spectroscopy mission measuring hot baryonic material in the extended halos of galaxies. Using ray-trace simulations, we identify a geometric aberration resulting from path length differences across the width of the grating as a limiting factor in assessing the resolution of these gratings and discuss methods for placing better constraints on the inherent resolution of X-ray astronomical reflection gratings fabricated using EBL.
Recovery of Returning Halley-type Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks with the Lowell Discovery Telescope
Authors: Ye 叶 Quanzhi 泉志 , Farnham Tony L. , Knight Matthew M. , Holt Carrie E. , Feaga Lori M.
Published: July 2020

We report the recovery of returning Halley-type comet 12P/Pons-Brooks using the 4.3 m Lowell Discovery Telescope, at a heliocentric distance of 11.89 au. Comparative analysis with a dust model suggests that the comet may have been active since ∼30 au from the Sun. We derive a nuclear radius of 17 ± 6 km from the nucleus photometry, though this number is likely an overestimate due to the contamination from dust and gas. Continuing monitoring is encouraged in anticipation of the comet’s forthcoming perihelion in 2024 April.
Length-weight and length-length relationship for three marine fish species of commercial importance from southwestern Atlantic Ocean coast
Authors: Biolé Fernanda G. , Volpedo Alejandra V. , Thompson Gustavo A.
Published: July 2020

Length-weight (LWR) and length-length (LLR) relationships were described for three marine fish species Odontesthes argentinensis (Valenciennes, 1835), Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, 1858) and Brevoortia aurea (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean coast, among sampling sites between 36 and 38°S. These species have commercial importance in fisheries. Latitudinal change in LWR could suggest the existence of different subpopulations throughout their distribution ranges. A total of 2,167 specimens were collected between August 2015 and October 2018 using lift nets (mostly 10 mm mesh size) and fishing rods 100-200 m offshore. Both relationships were highly significant (P < 0.0001) for all species and produced robust coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.94). The latitudinal trend of a and b parameters of LWR showed different patterns for each species. This study provides a new maximum length for B. aurea and describes the variation of the regression parameters. New length-length relationships of these species were reported.
Incidental catch of marine organisms registered in the Chilean Antarctic krill fishery, years 2012-2016
Authors: Arana Patricio M. , Rolleri Renzo
Published: July 2020

Krill (Euphausia superba) catch is currently the most relevant fishery industry in Antarctic waters. This resource is a keystone species in the Antarctic food web, sustaining the contribution to the trophic ecology of many invertebrate and vertebrate species. To catch krill, part of the fleet in this fishery uses large mid-water nets that also retain a diversity of other organisms like plankton, meroplankton, and fish species as bycatch. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and evaluate the magnitude of this incidental catch, as well as the potential interactions between krill fishing gear with seabirds and mammals. To estimate the composition and extent of bycatch for this fishery included 784 samples of 25 kg and an equal number of 1 kg sub-samples obtained from Antarctic krill catches in Subarea 48, between years 2012 and 2016. A total of 15 fish species were identified along with the record of five other taxa and other unidentified specimens. The most relevant fish species bycaught by weight were mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari, South Georgia icefish Pseudochaenichthys georgianus, and painted notie Lepidonotothen larseni. Additionally, 20 interactions with seabirds and nine interactions with Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) were registered. In the five years of operations, only three seabirds died, and only two individuals of A. gazelle caught by the net were killed.
Hematoma Recurrence in Burr Hole Drainage Compared to Burr Hole Irrigation as Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Maliawan Sri , Putra Made Bhuwana , Mahadewa Tjokorda GB , Widyadharma I Putu Eka
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Subdural hematoma is a common phenomenon following a traumatic brain injury where a hematoma is formed below the dura mater of brain meningeal layer, usually with a coup-contrecoup mechanism of injury. The chronic counterpart of subdural hematoma is frequently occurring in elderly patients. There are several techniques being used by many practitioners, including burr hole with or without irrigation, with little evidence of which technique is favorable, especially in terms of recurrence rates following the procedure.
AIM: This study aimed to compare the recurrences of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) following burr hole with and without saline irrigation technique by systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: This study included all articles that describe the two specified burr hole techniques in treating patients with a CSDH. We extracted the eligibility criteria into keywords using Boolean Operator. In this study, we used keywords (CSDH) and (burr hole) and (irrigation) and ((drainage) or no irrigation)) in PubMed, directory of open access journal, and Google Scholar database.
RESULTS: This study included seven retrospective cohort studies from 2002 to 2017 with a total of 635 samples. The incidence of hematoma recurrences between burr hole irrigation and burr hole drainage was 14.7% and 12.0%, respectively. Based on random effect model with high heterogeneity (I2 = 60%; X2 = 14.92; p = 0.02), pooled risk ratio between burr hole irrigation and burr hole drainage on hematoma recurrences was 1.05 (p = 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–2.54).
CONCLUSION: There was no superiority between one procedure toward other in preventing recurrences of chronic subdural hematoma.
Impact of Hydroxychloroquine on Fructose-induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats: Promising Protective Effect
Authors: Shata Ahmed , Naga Mahmoud A. , Elsawy Basem H. , Hafez Abdel-Moneim
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis for a long time. Its effects on inflammation and immune modulation were noted.
AIM: This study aims to investigate the effects of HCQ in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome and to explore its possible mechanisms.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into Group I (negative control), Group II fed on high-fructose diet, and Group III fed on high fructose and subdivided into Group III-a (HCQ 50 mg/kg), Group III-b (HCQ 100 mg/kg), Group III-c (HCQ 200 mg/kg), and Group III-d (metformin 100 mg/kg). Body weight, blood glucose, liver enzymes, and lipid profile were measured. Insulin level, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), soluble-intercellular adhesion molecule, and vascular cell adhesion molecule were assayed. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, adipokines (leptin, resistin, and adiponectin), and histological examination of pancreas were assessed.
RESULTS: HCQ induces good effects on lipid profile and improves significantly HOMA, endothelial stress markers, and adiponectin, and reduces leptin and TNF-α levels. In addition, significant improvement in structural changes was noted in pancreas with different doses of HCQ.
CONCLUSION: Favorable effects of HCQ in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome are promising and can be used early in those at risk of diabetes.
Drug-induced Nephropathy and Molecular Patterns of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Lee Valentina , Bakirova Ryszhan , Muravlyova Larissa , Turkhanova Zhanara , Rakhmetova Anar
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced kidney disorder is a frequent adverse event which contributes to morbidity and even incapacitation. Our current knowledge of drug-induced kidney disease is limited due to varying definitions of kidney injury, incomplete assessment of concurrent risk factors, and lack of long term outcome reporting.
AIM: The discovery and development of novel biomarkers and local (renal) response mechanisms, which can diagnose kidney damage earlier and more accurately, are needed for effective prevention of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
METHODS: Forty patients from 22 to 50 years old with drug-induced nephropathy (43 females, 27 males) were included in the study. The determination of oxidative stress modifications as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), protein reactive carbonyl derivatives (PRCD), methylglyoxal, and catalase (CAT) level were assayed. AOPP was rated in blood plasma through the Witko-Sarsat (1996) method, PRCD by Levine (2000) method, methylglyoxal through the Racker (1963) method, CAT was evaluated with Koroljuk (1988) and Aebi (1984) methods. Conditionally, 30 healthy-matched persons were included in the control group.
RESULTS: In psychotropic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) drug-induced nephropathy patients, there was a tendency to increase the concentration of AOPP in blood plasma, PRCD, and methylglyoxal in erythrocytes relative to the upper limits of normal ranges. Moreover, there was a significant decrease of the CAT level in blood plasma relative to the upper limits of normal ranges.
CONCLUSION: Thus, the results of the present study permit us to draw the following conclusions. The patients with psychotropic and NSAIDs drug-induced nephropathy have increased level of oxidative stress products and increased neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level even in normal eGFR. The mechanisms that lead to the development of oxidative stress and the production of modified proteins are different in patients treated with different drugs.
The Use of Arterial Grafts of the Left Internal Mammary Artery is Not a Predictor for the Incidence of Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Tomić Slobodan , Djokić Olivera , Babić Srdjan , Raičković Tatjana , Mićović Slobodan
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is used very often for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). During the cardiac surgery, surgical preparation of LIMA graft could be the reason for mediastinal bleeding and pericardial effusion (PE).
AIM: This current study was, therefore, undertaken to show the prediction of PE occurrence comparing the usage of LIMA and venous graft.
METHODOLOGY: The study population comprised 1929 patients (1.562 men mean age 57.1 years) who underwent CABG due to coronary disease. Patients were separated into two groups: Patients with venous and patients with arterial grafts on left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The first group included 1468 patients with arterial graft (LIMA) who underwent surgery from October 2008 to January 2014 and the second group included 461 patients with venous graft on LAD that were treated before 2008. Both groups were compared with respect to occurrences, size, and location of PE, which was determined on the 5th day after surgery by echocardiography.
RESULTS: PE was identified in 1219 (63.1%) patients. There was no difference between compared groups in the proportional occurrence or absence of effusion: In the first group 931 (63.4%) and in the second 288 (62.4%) patients had PE (p > 0.05). There were significant differences (p < 0.001) in localization of effusion; circular effusion was found in 797 (41.3%) patients while localized effusion in 422 (21.8%) patients.
CONCLUSION: Surgical experience can lead to a reduced risk of occurrence of PE when using arterial graft with no differences compared to using a venous graft. The use of arterial LIMA graft is not a predictor for the incidence of PE.
Evaluation of Microtensile Bond Strength of Universal Self-etch Adhesive System to Wet and Dry Dentin
Authors: Ahmed Wakwak Mohamed , Hassan Gabr Eslam , Elmarakby Ahmed Mohamed
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: The durability of dentin-resin interfaces with the universal adhesive system is a crucial characteristic with chemical interactions between the exposed collagen and the adhesive monomers, but it is still compromised with wet and dry mode.
AIM: The present study evaluated the effect of dentin wetness and solvents containing of one-step self-etch adhesives on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of dentin at different storage times.
METHODS: Occlusal dentin of 54 extracted human molars was exposed. Each adhesive agent was applied according to manufacturer instructions to wet and dry dentin surfaces. Composite resin was incrementally built up. Bond strengths to dentin were determined using the μTBS test after water storage for 24 h, 1 month, and 6 months. One-way ANOVA was used to compare between more than two non-related samples. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS: Dryness of dentin increases the μTBS with solvent-containing adhesives while decrease the μTBS with solvent-free adhesive. There was an increase in microtensile bond strength values in the case of ethanol water-based self-etch adhesive over time. No statistically significant difference was found among different storage times regarding μTBS for solvent-free adhesive, while a statistically significant difference was found among different storage times in μTBS for solvent-containing adhesives.
CONCLUSION: Universal adhesive systems improve the durability and stability of dentin bond strength.
Giant Temporal Lobe Cholesteatoma
Authors: Ibrahim Sabri
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION: Intracranial cholesteatoma is uncommon about 0.2–1.8% of all tumor lesions, composed of desquamated debris lined by keratinized squamous epithelium, divided into congenital and acquired. Congenital cholesteatoma occurred early, while acquired cholesteatoma associated with otitis media.
CASE REPORT: Case-1 18-year-old male with 2 years recurrent seizures, 2 times per week, lasted 1–3 min, headache, left-sided hemiparesis, and right-sided hearing impairment at 10 years from chronic suppurative otitis media at 5 years old. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination revealed a mass on the right temporal base measured 5.8 × 6.2 mm. Surgery was done, histopathology revealed cholesteatoma. Two weeks post-operative, normal motoric with no seizures. Case-2 45-year-old male, complaining motor aphasia for 2 years, hemiparesis for 1 year, seizures in a month, headache, and impairment of left-sided hearing. MRI examination revealed a large mass at the left temporal. Surgery was done, histopathology revealed cholesteatoma. Five days post-operative, the patient talked in slow speech and normal function achieved a month after. Cholesteatoma is a rare benign lesion, described as misplaced skin, divided into intracranial, the external auditory canal and otitis media, found commonly at the frontal or temporal bone. Infection of Streptococcus spp., MRSA, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common. In our case, no positive culture was found. Commonly has good surgical prognosis, neurological deficit, otorrhea, tumor recurrence, and infection was not found on our yearly follow-up.
CONCLUSION: Cholesteatoma, as a non-invasive lesion compared to other intradural lesions, presents with atypical symptoms, signs, and images.
The Effects of Community Empowerment on Preventing Dengue Fever in Lampung Province, Indonesia
Authors: Farich Achmad , Lipoeto Nur Indrawati , Bachtiar Hafni , Hardisman Hardisman
Published: July 2020

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of community empowerment on preventing dengue fever in Lampung Province, Indonesia.
METHODS: This study used a quasi-experimental design with two groups of pretest-posttest design. The number of samples in this study was 120 people in the intervention group and 120 people in the control group, who is a housewife living in Gading Rejo and Pringsewu subdistrict, Lampung, Indonesia. The sampling technique used a proportional stratified random sampling technique. Community empowerment interventions have been carried out through socialization and inculturation to gather information about community participation, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of respondents in the prevention of dengue fever. Then, the next stage is the implementation of interventions with capacity building and planting dengue mosquito repellent plants. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test using the SPSS version 21.0 software.
RESULTS: This study showed that there were differences in the median score of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors between the intervention and control groups (p < 0.05). The results of the analysis based on the entomologist indicators (larvae-free numbers, house index, container index, and Breteau index) found that there were differences in larvae-free numbers, house index, and Breteau index between the intervention and control groups (p < 0.05), while there were no differences in the container index between the intervention and control groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the effects of community empowerment on preventing dengue fever in Lampung Province, Indonesia.
A Review and Current Update on Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Marta Stacia Novia , Hary Mastika Nyoman Dwi Aussi , Irawan Hendry
Published: July 2020

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become the standard staging technique in the surgical treatment of breast cancer, replacing the older method of dissecting lymph nodes of the axilla. Several advantages like lowering of the morbidities that accompany the technique and being less invasive have given rise to a promising effect on life aspects of patients suffering from this morbidity. The procedure has evolved over the last few decades, but further studies are still needed to make improvements. Several aspects of the evolution of SLNB, such as the incorporation of the management in early cancer, the technique of lymphatic mapping, the accuracy of the technique, and its utility and evaluation in clinical response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are discussed in this review.
Effect of Location of Genioplasty Osteotomy Line on Hard- and Soft-Tissue Contour of the Chin and Related Complications
Authors: Dehghani Nima , Abbasi Hooshyar , Heidari Osame , Imani Mohammad Moslem
Published: July 2020

AIM: This study aimed to assess the effect of the location of the genioplasty osteotomy line on hard- and soft-tissue contour of the chin and the occurrence of irregularity in the inferior border of the mandible.
METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, 20 patients who had undergone osseous genioplasty were divided into two groups with (A) osteotomy line at the premolar site and (B) osteotomy line at the molar site and were evaluated for irregularity in the inferior border of the mandible. Assessments were made using lateral cephalometry, panoramic radiography, and clinical examinations. Patients were also asked about their level of satisfaction with the outcome.
RESULTS: Radiographically, 70% of patients in Group A and 40% of those in Group B had an irregularity in the inferior border of the mandible (p > 0.05). Palpation revealed that 70% in Group A and 60% in Group B had an irregularity in the inferior border of the mandible (p > 0.05). Inspection revealed such irregularity in 80% of patients in Group A and 20% in Group B (p < 0.05). Overall, 60% in Group A and 90% in Group B were satisfied with the results of genioplasty and did not mention anything about the occurrence of this complication (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Genioplasty with an osteotomy line at the molar site (compared to premolar site) had a lower incidence of the irregularity of the inferior border of the mandible and yielded higher patient satisfaction with the outcome.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Irregularity in the inferior border of mandible following conventional genioplasty is a common finding on radiographic and clinical examinations.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Clinically Detected Scoliosis among Male Adolescents at High-Altitude Area in Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Assiri Abdullah , Mahfouz Ahmed A. , Awadalla Nabil J. , Abolyazid Ahmed Y. , Shalaby Medhat
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Reports suggest that Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common and is a general health challenge worldwide and at high altitude in particular.
AIM: The objectives were to explore Vitamin D status, to examine the association of VDD and clinically detected scoliosis, and to find a cutoff point of Vitamin D level predicting clinical scoliosis in Abha City (high-altitude area).
METHODS: A nested case–control design was conducted among a screened population of 417 male adolescents from intermediate and secondary schools in Abha City, Southwest Saudi Arabia. From the surveyed adolescents, 62 cases with clinically detected scoliosis and 205 age-matched controls without scoliosis were selected. For both groups, serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was assessed by standardized technique.
RESULTS: More than two-thirds (68.5%) of male adolescents suffered from VDD (<25 nmol/L). The risk of clinical scoliosis was significantly higher among adolescents with VDD compared to those without deficiency (grade adjusted odds ratio = 6.88, 95% CI: 2.63–17.99). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed acceptable discriminative ability of serum Vitamin D (area under the curve = 0.702) to predict scoliosis at a threshold value of ≤20.2 nmol/L.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall levels of Vitamin D in the study adolescents suggest a high prevalence of VDD at high-altitude area in Southwest Saudi Arabia. There is evidence for a positive association between VDD and clinically detected scoliosis. A threshold cutoff value of 20.2 nmol/L has been identified to predict clinically detected scoliosis. The role of possible preventive effect of Vitamin D supplementation should be considered by school health authorities.
Development of Composition and Technologies of Dental Gel of Meloxicam
Authors: Anurova Maria N. , Bakhrushina Elena O. , Demina Natalya B. , Kashperko Alena Sergeevna , Shevchenko Ekaterina D. , Leshcheva Elizaveta V. , Krasnyuk Ivan I. , Bardakov Alaxander I.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Dental gels have several advantages over other oral dosage forms. Being a viscoplastic dosage form, the gel, when applied to the damaged area of the gum or mucous membrane, creates a protective film, preventing mechanical irritation, and providing a localized effect of the drug components.
AIM: The aim of this work was to develop the composition and technology of the dental gel of meloxicam, the study of the main technological and consumer characteristics, as well as the local irritating effect of the dosage form.
METHODS: Dental gels were prepared using purified water, alcohol, glycerol, and buckthorn oil as solvents, gelling agents used were: Hydroxyethylcellulose Natrosol® 250 HHX Pharm, Carbopol® 974P NF Polymer, and solubilizer Poloxamer 407 (Lutrol® F 127). The bioadhesive component and Noveon® Polycarbophil component were used for dental gel preparation. Aspartame was used as sweetener. Menthol and ascorbic acid were used to correct the organoleptic properties of the pharmaceutical composition. The formulated dental gel of meloxicam at a concentration of 7.5% was evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, rheological characteristics, bioadhesive properties, and stability under the accelerated aging period. The in vivo local irritant effect was evaluated using ten rabbits by cutaneous, subcutaneous, subconjunctival administration, as well as application to the upper palate.
RESULTS: Based on the results of studying technological and organoleptic properties, the optimal composition based on the Natrosol® 250 HHX hydroxyethylcellulose gelling agent, glycerol solvent, and purified water in the ratio 1/5 was selected, the composition contains Noveon® bioadhesive in an amount of 2%. The composition has good taste, pH close to pH of saliva has high bioadhesive properties, satisfactory rheological characteristics. The shelf life of the experimental series by accelerated aging was 2 years. The selected composition does not have a local irritant effect.
CONCLUSION: A new dosage form of meloxicam was developed – a gel for use in dental practice.
Improved Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Balanced Nutrition after Educational Intervention Based on the Self-determination Theory: An Intervention Study in Senior School Teachers in Makassar City
Authors: Jafar Nurhaedar , Hasan Nurzakiah , Hadju Veni , Thaha Ridwan M. , Arundhana Andi I.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Studies linking the association of nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) with healthy behavior have been well established. However, the method to effectively deliver nutrition education to a particular population, especially middle-income population, was less studied.
AIM: This study aimed to examine the effects of school-based nutrition using the self-determination theory (SDT) on nutrition KAP of the senior secondary schoolteacher with metabolic syndrome risk.
METHODS: This study was a non-randomized pre-post intervention study conducted in eight senior secondary schools in Makassar City. The intervention group received a balanced nutrition package either delivered through modules, balance sheet (calendar), or physical activity poster for 4 months. The control group received a pamphlet that has been developed by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
RESULTS: A total of 123 respondents (63 respondents) intervention and (60 respondent) control group completed post-test and were included in the analysis. There were increase knowledge, attitude, and practice in both groups, but increasing in the intervention group was a significant relationship compared to the control group (knowledge p < 0.001 and practice = 0.007).s
CONCLUSIONS: Delivering nutrition education using SDT concept can potentially improve the knowledge and practices of the teachers about balanced nutrition. The government may adopt the SDT approach when designing the nutrition education program with specific targets.
Taxonomy and phylogeny of Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): four new species and keys to species of the genus
Authors: Du Rui , Wu Fang , Gate Genevieve M. , Dai Yu-Cheng , Tian Xue-Mei
Published: July 2020

Siderais a polypore genus with white to cream or buff basidiomata, whose species in Hymenochaetales are poorly known. We study the phylogeny and diversity ofSiderabased on our recent collections from tropic and subtropic Asian-Pacific regions. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal RNA gene regions indicate that ten terminal lineages are well supported withinSidera. Based on morphological examination and phylogeny, four new species, viz.Sidera minutissima,S. parallela,S. srilankensisandS. tenuisare described, and a new combination,Sidera minutipora, is proposed. All these species are illustrated.Sidera minutissimais characterized by tiny basidiomata with bluish pores when fresh, generative hyphae dominating at the dissepiment edges, the presence of cystidioles, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.4 × 0.9–1.3 μm.Sidera paralleladiffers from other poroid species in the genus by having parallel tramal hyphae in combination with lunate basidiospores measuring 2.8–3.3 × 0.9–1.2 μm.Sidera srilankensishave generative and skeletal hyphae co-dominating at the dissepiment edges, and lunate basidiospores measuring 3.5–4 × 1–1.3 μm.Sidera tenuisis distinguished by small pores (8–10 per mm) and relatively long allantoid basidiospores measuring 4.2–5 × 0.8–1 μm.Sidera minutiporais characterized by buff to olivaceous buff basidiomata when dry, 5–7 pores per mm, rosette-like crystals rare, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.7–4.3 × 1–1.3 μm. An identification key to all accepted species is provided.