bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUANDO SONHAR ESTÁ NA MODA – A NOSTALGIA DO FEMININO NA CULTURA DE CONSUMO
Authors: De Carvalho Vânia Carneiro
Published: September 2017

Os repertórios materiais e visuais da aristocracia do século XVIII foram reapropriados pela sociedade moderna ocidental para criar clivagens entre os gêneros masculinos e femininos. Mas tais estratégias sociais não foram apenas de diferenciação. Na distinção e hierarquização dos gêneros, criaram-se também novos territórios para o cultivo de subjetividades sexualizadas. Neste artigo o fenômeno está circunscrito à produção dos filmes de princesas de Walt Disney, especialmente Branca de Neve e os Sete Anões (1937) e Cinderela (1950). Pretendo demonstrar como a prática do devaneio romântico, conforme caracterizada por Colin Campbell, encontrou um terreno fértil no passado aristocrático do setecentos, reapresentado nostalgicamente como modelo de beleza e feminilidade na produção cinematográfica em questão.
VESTIRES INDÍGENAS EM BONECAS KARAJÁ: ARGUMENTOS PARA UMA HISTÓRIA DA INDUMENTÁRIA NO BRASIL
Authors: De Andrade Rita Morais
Published: September 2017

Este artigo inaugura uma reflexão sobre o modelo de pensamento que origina a categoria “indumentária indígena” na história da indumentária no Brasil e sobre o modo como a formação dessa tipologia de coleções nos museus pode interferir na construção de valores éticos e estéticos dos modos de vestir. Apresentam-se aqui alguns desafios para uma história da indumentária a partir de estudos de coleções classificadas de étnicas, como as de indumentária indígena. Essa proposta baseia-se em análise da indumentária indígena nas bonecas karajá, as ritxoko, registradas como patrimônio imaterial brasileiro pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico – IPHAN, em 2012. A partir desse estudo seminal, discuto certos percursos metodológicos de pesquisa visando a construção de uma história da indumentária brasileira que considere a cultura material e as visualidades aspectos importantes de investigação. Concluo que essa indumentária indígena está apenas parcialmente indicada nos museus em suas coleções etnográficas, motivo pelo qual sugiro que o historiador considere conflitos sociais atuais quando incluir esse patrimônio cultural no corpus de sua pesquisa.
Relationship between salivary adiponectin, IGF-1, obesity and breast cancer
Authors: Streckfus Charles F.
Published: September 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if adiponectin and IGF-1 salivary concentrations are altered in combination with the presence of obesity and breast cancer. The null hypothesis is that there are no significant adiponectin and IGF-1 concentration alterations secondary to the presence of obesity and/or carcinoma of the breast.Methods: There were two groups of test subjects: healthy controls (n = 20) and individuals diagnosed with breast cancer (n = 20). The two cohorts were further stratified into four groups. These included subjects who are healthy and of normal BMI (n = 10); are healthy but have an elevated BMI (n = 10); have breast cancer and a normal BMI (n = 10); and have cancer and an elevated BMI (n = 10). The presence and concentration of adiponectin and IGF-1 was determined using the ELISA methodology.Results: The investigation revealed a significant increase in mean adiponectin levels in subjects with cancer compared to the controls (t = -2.57; p < .01). Individuals that were diagnosed with breast cancer and were obese exhibited the highest concentrations (F = 5.13; p < .005) of adiponectin. Adiponectin concentrations were also found to be correlated to IGF-I levels (r = 0.05; p < .001).Conclusion: Salivary adiponectin levels were significantly higher among cancer group. There were no significant differences between the cancer and control groups for IGF-I levels.
Reduction Techniques for Diaphyseal Femur Fractures
Authors: Wolinsky Philip R. , Lucas Justin F.
Published: September 2017

Achieving and maintaining reduction in patients with a diaphyseal femur fracture may be difficult; therefore, thorough preoperative planning is required. To fully prepare for successful surgical management of diaphyseal femur fractures, surgeons must consider appropriate patient positioning and necessary tools, including surgical tables, traction devices, and instruments. Principles of acceptable reduction rely on the restoration of length, alignment, and rotation. Reduction of diaphyseal femur fractures should be attained in the least invasive manner, via percutaneous reduction techniques, if possible, to preserve fracture biology and promote successful fracture healing. Intraoperative assessment of reduction often requires imaging studies of the contralateral extremity as a reference. Intraoperative assessment for associated femoral neck fractures and postoperative clinical examination of the hip and knee are imperative to the successful management of diaphyseal femur fractures. Other reference modalities and clinical examinations are required in patients with bilateral diaphyseal femur fractures.
Evaluation of Techno-Initiative Capital Support Program in Building Entrepreneurial Ecosystem within the Scope of Social Marketing
Authors: Kalyoncuoglu Selma , Faiz Emel
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study it to investigate and find out the contributions of Techno-Initiative Capital Support (TICS) grant which was provided by the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology for early-stage entrepreneurs to building entrepreneurial ecosystem in Turkey. Within this framework, voluntary behaviour change which the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology tried to create in young entrepreneurs who received the grant was tackled through social marketing approach. TICS grant program was planned as a way of solution by the Ministry as the public authority in order to provide benefit to the society without expecting any material profit in return. Therefore, the grant program of the Ministry was evaluated within the scope of social marketing by the researchers since the program encouraged and mobilized early-stage young entrepreneurs to develop technology-based business ideas so that entrepreneurial ecosystem could be built in the country. In this study, purposive sampling technique was used and interviews were carried out with four entrepreneurs who received grant from the Ministry’s TICS program before and started their own companies in Gazi University Technopark. Qualitative research method was applied in the study, interviews were recorded and collected data were analysed by using a qualitative data analysis program, NVivo10. Entrepreneurs who received the grant stated that grants given to them within the scope of TICS program for their technology-based business ideas contributed to building entrepreneurial ecosystem in Turkey. Within this scope, it is seen that contributions were clustered under three themes as development of societal welfare, emergence of entrepreneurship awareness and power formation to create innovation. Furthermore, all the young entrepreneurs who obtained the grant stated that TICS caused change in their behaviours, thus they and the target audience of the program “developed technology-based business ideas” as an expected result of the program. Findings of the study confirm that in order to have an innovation-based economy, TICS reacted to the building an entrepreneurial ecosystem which is necessary for the benefit of the society with the driving force of the social marketing.
Kata Practice as it Relates to Practical Application in Conflict
Authors: Britt Leo Scott
Published: September 2017

Kata, the series of combat techniques arranged into a “form” for solo practice, is practiced by martial artists during training. With some styles of martial arts moving away from kata practice, this paper analyzes research from multiple fields to determine the worth of including such practice as it relates to preparing the practitioner for practical self-defense. It also seeks to provide recommendations on how kata should be practiced to gain the most benefit.
The following areas of study are analyzed: visualization, muscle memory, safety, adaptation to combat stress, and anaerobic capacity.
It was found that kata provides a relatively safe method of training that, when used in combination of physical training, can provide increases in skill level equivalent to training that incorporates a partner. However to meet this claim, several criteria for practice must be met: The practitioner must have a sound knowledge of the applications of the kata, the attackers must be vividly visualized during practice, and the practitioner should stop if focus is lost and practice in short sessions. In addition, physical practice must accompany mental practice and the kata should be performed with realistic intensity to prevent ingraining bad habits.
China, los tratados de libre comercio y la gobernanza global del comercio internacional en el siglo XXI
Authors: Zelicovich Julieta
Published: September 2017

El artículo analiza de qué manera los tratados de libre comercio celebrados por China en los inicios del siglo XXI, junto a otras iniciativas preferenciales tales como la de la Asociación Económica Integral Regional y la Ruta de la Seda, han incidido en la gobernanza global del comercio internacional. A través del análisis de contenido de un conjunto de documentos seleccionados, se busca develar si se produjo una evolución en la complejidad e innovación de estos instrumentos a los que recurrió la política comercial externa china, y si se trata de iniciativas que adhieren al orden vigente, o si, por el contrario, postulan su revisión dando lugar a una transformación de la gobernanza global del comercio internacional. Como resultado del análisis se constata que China ha recurrido a los tratados comerciales para afianzar su participación internacional antes que para reformar la manera en la cual se estructuran las relaciones comerciales internacionales. El grado de innovación contenido en los documentos es bajo, y se concentra en los temas del llamado “regionalismo del siglo XXI” y en los capítulos de la cooperación económica.
Haagerup approximation property via bimodules
Authors: Okayasu Rui , Ozawa Narutaka , Tomatsu Reiji
Published: September 2017

The Haagerup approximation property (HAP) is defined for finite von Neumann algebras in such a way that the group von Neumann algebra of a discrete group has the HAP if and only if the group itself has the Haagerup property. The HAP has been studied extensively for finite von Neumann algebras and it was recently generalized to arbitrary von Neumann algebras by Caspers-Skalski and Okayasu-Tomatsu. One of the motivations behind the generalization is the fact that quantum group von Neumann algebras are often infinite even though the Haagerup property has been defined successfully for locally compact quantum groups by Daws-Fima-Skalski-White. In this paper, we fill this gap by proving that the von Neumann algebra of a locally compact quantum group with the Haagerup property has the HAP. This is new even for genuine locally compact groups.
Automorphisms and examples of compact non-Kähler manifolds
Authors: Magnússon Gunnar Þór
Published: September 2017

If $f$ is an automorphism of a compact simply connected Kähler manifold with trivial canonical bundle that fixes a Kähler class, then the order of $f$ is finite. We apply this well known result to construct compact non-Kähler manifolds. These manifolds contradict the abundance and Iitaka conjectures for complex manifolds.
Limits of equisymmetric $1$-complex dimensional families of Riemann surfaces
Authors: Costa Antonio F. , González-Aguilera Víctor
Published: September 2017

We describe the limit surfaces of some equisymmetric $1$-complex dimensional families of Riemann surfaces in the boundary of the Deligne-Mumford compactification of moduli space. We provide a description of such nodal Riemann surfaces in terms of the group of automorphisms defining the family. We apply our method to some known examples.
On M-ideals and o-O type spaces
Authors: Perfekt Karl-Mikael
Published: September 2017

We consider pairs of Banach spaces $(M_0, M)$ such that $M_0$ is defined in terms of a little-$o$ condition, and $M$ is defined by the corresponding big-$O$ condition. The construction is general and pairs include function spaces of vanishing and bounded mean oscillation, vanishing weighted and weighted spaces of functions or their derivatives, Möbius invariant spaces of analytic functions, Lipschitz-Hölder spaces, etc. It has previously been shown that the bidual $M_0^{**}$ of $M_0$ is isometrically isomorphic with $M$. The main result of this paper is that $M_0$ is an M-ideal in $M$. This has several useful consequences: $M_0$ has Pełczýnskis properties (u) and (V), $M_0$ is proximinal in $M$, and $M_0^*$ is a strongly unique predual of $M$, while $M_0$ itself never is a strongly unique predual.
Impact of national cultures on automotive after sales services perception.
Authors: Albors-Garrigos Jose , Frass Alex , Schoeneberg Klaus Peter , Peiro Signes Angel
Published: September 2017

This article clarifies the impact of national culture in the after sales service in the automotive sector.  Introduction and objectives: After-sales services have become paramount in the automobile industry. However, they are not sufficiently researched, particularly in emerging markets. Here an academic gap exists because, within the automotive research literature, culture is a widely neglected issue. Thus no explicit knowledge can be applied regarding emerging markets service demand behaviour, which might be a crucial point, as some of these countries culture is different to the western culture. Methods: The research is based in a survey carried out among Chinese premium brand automotive customers. Results: It shows which individual level values are causal and positively contribute to the perception of service quality and loyalty behaviour by customers. Conclusion: The article providing a guideline how the entire process chain of after-sales services could be researched and applies successfully the individual level value theory by Schwartz. Implications and research limitation: Brand loyalty is well explained by perceived service quality significantly leads to after-sales service satisfaction, which itself is a strong predictor of workshop loyalty. Moreover, workshop loyal customers are likewise significantly brand loyal. Finally, the influence of culture is empirically verified with the one exception of after-sales service satisfaction.
Are diversification rates and chromosome evolution in the temperate grasses (Pooideae) associated with major environmental changes in the Oligocene-Miocene?
Authors: Pimentel Manuel , Escudero Marcial , Sahuquillo Elvira , Minaya Miguel Ángel , Catalán Pilar
Published: September 2017

The Pooideae are a highly diverse C3 grass subfamily that includes some of the most economically important crops, nested within the highly speciose core-pooid clade. Here, we build and explore the phylogeny of the Pooideae within a temporal framework, assessing its patterns of diversification and its chromosomal evolutionary changes in the light of past environmental transformations. We sequenced five plastid DNA loci, two coding (ndhF,matk) and three non-coding (trnH-psbA,trnT-LandtrnL-F), in 163 Poaceae taxa, including representatives for all subfamilies of the grasses and all but four ingroup Pooideae tribes. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were conducted and divergence times were inferred in BEAST using a relaxed molecular clock. Diversification rates were assessed using the MEDUSA approach, and chromosome evolution was analyzed using the chromEvol software. Diversification of the Pooideae started in the Late-Eocene and was especially intense during the Oligocene-Miocene. The background diversification rate increased significantly at the time of the origin of the Poodae + Triticodae clade. This shift in diversification occurred in a context of falling temperatures that potentially increased ecological opportunities for grasses adapted to open areas around the world. The base haploid chromosome numbern = 7 has remained stable throughout the phylogenetic history of the core pooids and we found no link between chromosome transitions and major diversification events in the Pooideae.
A revision of Australian Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae)
Authors: Leach Gregory John
Published: September 2017

Thirty three species of Eriocaulon are recognized in this generic revision for Australia. E. carsonii is recognized with 3 subspecies. The identity of E. pallidum R.Br. remains uncertain and this species is excluded from this treatment. A conservative approach to species recognition has been adopted and a number of forms are discussed under E. athertonense G.J.Leach, E. australe R.Br., E. cinereum R.Br., E. depressum R.Br. ex Smith, E. nanum R.Br., E. patericola G.J. Leach and E. pygmaeum Sol. ex Smith. The new species E. fenshamii and E. wolseleyi are described. Lectotypifications are provided for Electrosperma australasicum F.Muell., Eriocaulon ciliiflorum F.Muell., E. nanum R.Br., E. smithii R.Br. and E. willdenovianum Moldenke. The genus is found in all mainland States and Territories of Australia but is best represented in the tropics and sub tropics. Species with extra-Australian distributions are E. australe, E. cinereum, E. depressum, E. setaceum L., E. truncatum Buch.-Ham. ex Mart., E. willdenovianum and E. zollingerianum Koernicke. A key to the Australian species, descriptions and distribution maps are provided. Seed coat ornamentation is an important diagnostic and identification character and SEM images are provided for each species.
A EDUCAÇÃO CATÓLICA PASSIONISTA EM TEMPOS DE RENOVAÇÃO EDUCACIONAL: TRAÇOS DOS SABERES ELEMENTARES DA MATEMÁTICA NOS LIVROS DE LEITURA (1927 – 1933)
Authors: Orlando Evelyn , Motin Mara
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo tem como estudo a atuação das Irmãs Passionistas, entre os anos de 1927 e 1933, no Colégio Santo Antonio, em Colombo/PR. Objetiva-se demarcar uma aproximação entre a educação católica e a renovação educacional, em tempos de Escola Nova (MAGALDI, 2007; ORLANDO, 2008), compreendendo a influência pedagógica na escola e os modos como os saberes elementares da Matemática apareceram nos materiais didáticos. Metodologicamente este trabalho está ancorado no paradigma indiciário (GINZBURG, 1989), utilizando como fontes documentos da Congregação e da Igreja, jornais e livros de leitura. Neste conjunto, destaca-se uma influência paulista, refletindo na Matemática as discussões do período, tendo esta um aspecto prático para a formação de um cidadão nacional.
JOGOS PARA O ENSINO DE ARITMÉTICA NO MANUAL A ARITMÉTICA NA ESCOLA NOVA – A NOVA DIDÁTICA DA ARITMÉTICA (1933) DE BACKHEUSER
Authors: Schneider Cintia , Costa David Antonio
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar a abordagem de jogos para o ensino de aritmética no manual A aritmética na Escola Nova – a nova didática da aritmética (1933), de Backheuser. Destaca-se o papel dos manuais pedagógicos como fontes de pesquisa, revelando aspectos de uma cultura escolar influenciada por pressupostos escolanovistas naquela época em ascensão no Brasil. Os resultados das análises nesta obra apontam a presença de jogos para o ensino de aritmética embora contraditoriamente o autor explicita seu uso como forma de treinamento e não como meio de despertar o interesse dos alunos.
APRENDÊNCIAS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE UM LEGADO
Authors: Souza Osmar De
Published: September 2017

texto-homenagem
Effects of genomic disruption of a guanine quadruplex in the 5′ UTR of the Bcl‐2 mRNA in melanoma cells
Authors: Serikawa Tatsuo , Eberle Jürgen , Kurreck Jens
Published: September 2017

G‐quadruplex structures in the 5′ UTR of mRNAs have been shown to suppress translation. However, all experiments published so far made use of artificial reporter systems. Here, we investigate for the first time the biological effects of the genomic disruption of a G‐quadruplex by CRISPR/Cas9. In melanoma cells lacking the G‐quadruplex‐forming sequence in the mRNA of the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl‐2, the protein level of Bcl‐2 remains virtually unchanged. Consequently, sensitivity to an inducer of apoptosis is not reduced. Thus, it is likely that the inhibitory effects of G‐quadruplexes observed to date were more pronounced due to the use of the strong overexpression in transfection experiments, whereas G‐quadruplexes in endogenous mRNAs, expressed at moderate levels, are widely resolved by cellular RNA helicases.
Poststagnation Retreat of Kamb Ice Stream's Grounding Zone
Authors: Horgan H. J. , Hulbe C. , Alley R. B. , Anandakrishnan S. , Goodsell B. , Taylor‐Offord S. , Vaughan M. J.
Published: September 2017

Despite the importance of grounding zone sedimentation for ice sheet stability and ice sheet history, evidence for sedimentary deposits beneath West Antarctica's modern grounding zone remains sparse. Seismic surveying shows that Kamb Ice Stream has no detectable grounding zone deposit. As grounding zone deposition relies strongly on ice flow, the absence of a deposit suggests that the transition from the ice stream to the ice shelf has moved after stagnation of Kamb Ice Stream. Further support for a recent grounding zone occupation comes from satellite imagery of sub‐ice shelf channel features that likely originated at previous grounding‐zone locations. These features begin 25 km seaward of the current grounding zone and cut across ice flow streak lines. We estimate that retreat to the modern grounding‐zone position was abrupt at rates >0.2 km a−1.
Relative Humidity Has Uneven Effects on Shifts From Snow to Rain Over the Western U.S.
Authors: Harpold A. A. , Rajagopal S. , Crews J. B. , Winchell T. , Schumer R.
Published: September 2017

Predicting the phase of precipitation is fundamental to water supply and hazard forecasting. Phase prediction methods (PPMs) are used to predict snow fraction, or the ratio of snowfall to total precipitation. Common temperature‐based regression (Dai method) and threshold at freezing (0°C) PPMs had comparable accuracy to a humidity‐based PPM (TRH method) using 6 and 24 h observations. Using a daily climate data set from 1980 to 2015, the TRH method estimates 14% and 6% greater precipitation‐weighted snow fraction than the 0°C and Dai methods, respectively. The TRH method predicts four times less area with declining snow fraction than the Dai method (2.1% and 8.1% of the study domain, respectively) from 1980 to 2015, with the largest differences in the Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountains and southwestern U.S. Future Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 projections suggest warming temperatures of 4.2°C and declining relative humidity of 1% over the 21st century. The TRH method predicts a smaller reduction in snow fraction than temperature‐only PPMs by 2100, consistent with lower humidity buffering declines in snow fraction caused by regional warming.
Enhanced Decadal Warming of the Southeast Indian Ocean During the Recent Global Surface Warming Slowdown
Authors: Li Yuanlong , Han Weiqing , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2017

The rapid Indian Ocean warming during the early‐21th century was a major heat sink for the recent global surface warming slowdown. Analysis of observational data and ocean model experiments reveals that during 2003–2012 more than half of the increased upper Indian Ocean heat content was concentrated in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO), causing a warming “hot spot” of 0.8–1.2 K decade−1 near the west coast of Australia. This SEIO warming was primarily induced by the enhancements of the Pacific trade winds and Indonesian throughflow associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation's (IPO) transition to its negative phase, and to a lesser degree by local atmospheric forcing within the Indian Ocean. Large‐ensemble climate model simulations suggest that this warming event was likely also exacerbated by anthropogenic forcing and thus unprecedentedly strong as compared to previous IPO transition periods. Climate model projections suggest an increasing possibility of such strong decadal warming in future.
Hydraulic Properties of Closely Spaced Dipping Open Fractures Intersecting a Fluid‐Filled Borehole Derived From Tube Wave Generation and Scattering
Authors: Minato Shohei , Ghose Ranajit , Tsuji Takeshi , Ikeda Michiharu , Onishi Kozo
Published: September 2017

Fluid‐filled fractures and fissures often determine the pathways and volume of fluid movement. They are critically important in crustal seismology and in the exploration of geothermal and hydrocarbon reservoirs. We introduce a model for tube wave scattering and generation at dipping, parallel‐wall fractures intersecting a fluid‐filled borehole. A new equation reveals the interaction of tube wavefield with multiple, closely spaced fractures, showing that the fracture dip significantly affects the tube waves. Numerical modeling demonstrates the possibility of imaging these fractures using a focusing analysis. The focused traces correspond well with the known fracture density, aperture, and dip angles. Testing the method on a VSP data set obtained at a fault‐damaged zone in the Median Tectonic Line, Japan, presents evidences of tube waves being generated and scattered at open fractures and thin cataclasite layers. This finding leads to a new possibility for imaging, characterizing, and monitoring in situ hydraulic properties of dipping fractures using the tube wavefield.
Sulfide Generated by Sulfate Reduction is a Primary Controller of the Occurrence of Wild Rice (Zizania palustris) in Shallow Aquatic Ecosystems
Authors: Myrbo A. , Swain E. B. , Engstrom D. R. , Coleman Wasik J. , Brenner J. , Dykhuizen Shore M. , Peters E. B. , Blaha G.
Published: September 2017

Field observations suggest that surface water sulfate concentrations control the distribution of wild rice, an aquatic grass (Zizania palustris). However, hydroponic studies show that sulfate is not toxic to wild rice at even unrealistically high concentrations. To determine how sulfate might directly or indirectly affect wild rice, potential wild rice habitat was characterized for 64 chemical and physical variables in over 100 sites spanning a relatively steep climatic and geological gradient in Minnesota. Habitat suitability was assessed by comparing the occurrence of wild rice with the field variables, through binary logistic regression. This analysis demonstrated that sulfide in sediment pore water, generated by the microbial reduction of sulfate that diffuses or advects into the sediment, is the primary control of wild rice occurrence. Water temperature and water transparency independently control the suitability of habitat for wild rice. In addition to generating phytotoxic sulfide, sulfate reduction also supports anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, releasing nutrients that can compound the harm of direct sulfide toxicity. These results are important because they show that increases in sulfate loading to surface water can have multiple negative consequences for ecosystems, even though sulfate itself is relatively benign.
D
avies,
E
leanor
Authors: Totaro Rebecca
Published: September 2017

Lady Eleanor Davies (née Touchet; 1590–1652) was a prolific writer of civil war prophecies. She was the fifth daughter in a family of seven children born to George Touchet, who was eleventh Baron Audley (1550/51–1617) and a member of parliament from 1566 until 1614. He was also governor of Utrecht in the Netherlands and governor of Kells, County Meath, Ireland, the latter position leading in 1616 to King James I granting him the earldom of Castlehaven in Ireland. At the age of 19, Lady Eleanor married Sir John Davies (1569–1626), the famous poet and attorney‐general for Ireland who in 1603 had accompanied Henry Carey, Lord Hunsdon (?1524–96) to announce to James VI of Scotland that he would be the next king of England. They had two children survive beyond infancy: Lucy, who was born in Dublin in 1613 (d.1679), and Jack, about whom little is known but who appears to have died tragically in 1617, when he was very young. The family relocated to London in 1619 when Davies was recalled from Ireland. Soon thereafter, Davies arranged for Lucy's marriage to Ferdinando Hastings (1608–55), son and heir of Henry Hastings, fifth earl of Huntingdon (1586–1643). Lucy was 11, and by the age of 13, she had moved to her husband's home. This left Lady Eleanor alone and in a difficult marriage to a man more than two decades her senior.
D
igby,
K
enelm
Authors: Goldstein David B.
Published: September 2017

Sir Kenelm Digby (1603–65), writer, translator, natural philosopher, courtier, and bibliophile, was one of the century's most versatile and flamboyant characters. A prolific author in a variety of genres, referred to in his day as ‘the Mirandola of his age’ and now recognized as a father of modern embryology, he is remembered in literary circles chiefly for his posthumously published cookbook.
D
rant,
T
homas
Authors: Schurink Fred
Published: September 2017

Thomas Drant (c.1540–78) was born in Hagworthingham, Lincolnshire, the son of a farmer. He matriculated at St John's College, Cambridge in 1558 and received his BA in 1561, MA in 1564, and BD in 1569, having been appointed a fellow of the college in 1561. During the 1560s, Drant acted as domestic chaplain for Edmund Grindal, bishop of London, and towards the end of the decade he left Cambridge for a successful career as a Church of England clergyman, holding the position of archdeacon of Lewes, Sussex, from 1570 to his death in 1578. His main significance for literary history is as the first English translator of Horace's
Satires, Epistles
, and
Art of poetry
(1566–67), but he also contributed to debates over quantitative verse in English in the 1570s and wrote a number of other works in English and neo‐Latin.
Fell,Margaret
Authors: Malson‐Huddle Elizabeth
Published: September 2017

Margaret Fell (1614–1702), often regarded as the mother of the Quaker movement, served energetically as a leader, a writer, and a defender of early Quakers. After George Fox (1624–91), the charismatic founder of the sect, converted her and her daughters to Quakerism in 1652, Fell immediately began to use her gentry status, her connections, and her wealth to lend financial and political assistance to the Society of Friends. Her first husband, Thomas Fell (d.1658), a distinguished judge and local politician, did not convert; however, he protected Quakers from persecution and invited them to hold meetings at his home, Swarthmoor Hall, in Ulverston, Lancashire. Swarthmoor continued to provide an important refuge and organizational center for the movement throughout Fell's lifetime. It was there that Margaret died in 1702.
F
itzgeffrey,
H
enry
Authors: Darcy Robert
Published: September 2017

Henry Fitzgeffrey (d. 1639/40) was the author of a single volume of poetry,
Satyres and satyricall epigrams
, published in 1617 and republished with four elegies by different authors in 1618 and 1620 as
Certain elegies, done by sundrie excellent wits, with satyres and epigrames
. The original volume, divided into three ‘books’ of formal verse satire, epigrams, and ‘humours’, belongs to a body of writing that imitated the ancient Roman satires of Horace, Persius, and Juvenal, and the epigrams of Martial. It also owes an immediate debt to Elizabethan satirists such as Joseph Hall and John Marston, and epigrammatists such as John Weever, who helped adapt the classical genres into English form in the late 1590s. The second son of a knight, Fitzgeffrey had been a king's scholar at Westminster School and had matriculated as a pensioner at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1611. At the time of his pamphlet's appearance, Fitzgeffrey was a law student at Lincoln's Inn where he was admitted to the bar in 1621. Little is known of the remainder of his adult life, except that he died in 1639/40.
F
letcher,
P
hineas
Authors: Smith Matthew J.
Published: September 2017

Phineas Fletcher (1582–1650) is most famous for his ambitious epic
The purple island, or the isle of man
, his prolific literary output, his literary relation to Spenser, and his prominent literary family (including his father Giles Sr, his brother Giles, and his cousin, the playwright John Fletcher). He was born in Kent, and studied at Eton and King's College, Cambridge. At Cambridge, he took his BA in 1604, his MA in 1608, and was ordained in 1611, the same year that he was appointed a fellow of King's College. Fletcher experienced a dramatic change in location and lifestyle in 1615 when he left Cambridge for a chaplaincy in the house of Sir Henry Willoughby in rural Derbyshire. Fletcher then took a rectorship in Norfolk in 1621 and remained a country parish priest the rest of his life.
F
lorio,
J
ohn
Authors: Engel William E.
Published: September 2017

John Florio (1553–1625) had a profound impact on Elizabethan language and literature because of his systematic promotion of foreign‐language study, and his liberal attitude towards translation which favoured exuberance of expression over linguistic precision. He used lively dialogues to teach Italian while at the same time instructing his readers in etiquette, gentility, and the social graces. Through his ebullient translations, most notably of Jacques Cartier's
Navigations
(1580) and Michel de Montaigne's
Essayes
(1603), he introduced many words that have become part of everyday speech, such as ‘conscientious’, ‘facilitate’, ‘amusing’, ‘regret’, and ‘emotion’ (Yates 1934).
F
ox,
G
eorge
Authors: Hinds Hilary
Published: September 2017

George Fox (1624–91) was one of the founders and first leaders of the early Quaker movement (the Society of Friends), which began in the early 1650s in the midst of the religious, political, and social upheaval of the English Revolution. Quakers – and not least Fox himself – were, from the outset, prolific writers and publishers, adept at using broadsheets and pamphlets to counter opposition and to convince potential converts of their interpretation of Christianity. Quakerism's central tenet was that the inward light of Christ dwelt within everyone, and that belief and salvation consisted in turning to and living by that light. This more universalist and radically inward interpretation of Christianity contrasted with the predominant Calvinist‐derived understanding of salvation or damnation as predestined by God and thus beyond the reach of human action, and was at the root of the often vitriolic opposition encountered by the movement. The literary record left by Fox and other early Quakers – from the early pamphlets of the 1650s to Fox's magisterial
Journal
, published posthumously in 1694 – is at once a powerful testimony to the courage and resolve of Friends to speak their truth to a resistant or hostile power; a vivid picture of the intensity and intricacy of the disputes between different religious affiliations, and of the volatile but exhilarating context of the turbulent 1650s; and a fascinating record of the development of the distinctive idiom of this radical religious group.
F
oxe,
J
ohn
Authors: Rankin Mark
Published: September 2017

John Foxe (1516/17–1587), martyrologist, is best known as the compiler of the
Actes and monuments of these latter and perillous dayes touching matters of the church
, a collection of narratives and documents that has been known since its publication in 1563 as
The book of martyrs
. This work has shaped the English Protestant imagination more thoroughly than any other work besides the English Bible.
The Influence of Hyaluronic Acid and Glioblastoma Cell Coculture on the Formation of Endothelial Cell Networks in Gelatin Hydrogels
Authors: Ngo Mai T. , Harley Brendan A.
Published: September 2017

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly form of brain cancer. Interactions between GBM cells and vasculature in vivo contribute to poor clinical outcomes, with GBM‐induced vessel co‐option, regression, and subsequent angiogenesis strongly influencing GBM invasion. Here, elements of the GBM perivascular niche are incorporated into a methacrylamide‐functionalized gelatin hydrogel as a means to examine GBM–vessel interactions. The complexity of 3D endothelial cell networks formed from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and normal human lung fibroblasts as a function of hydrogel properties and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) presentation is presented. While overall length and branching of the endothelial cell networks decrease with increasing hydrogel stiffness and incorporation of brain‐mimetic hyaluronic acid, it can be separately altered by changing the vascular cell seeding density. It is shown that covalent incorporation of VEGF supports network formation as robustly as continuously available soluble VEGF. The impact of U87‐MG GBM cells on the endothelial cell networks is subsequently investigated. GBM cells localize in proximity to the endothelial cell networks and hasten network regression in vitro. Together, this in vitro platform recapitulates the close association between GBM cells and vessel structures as well as elements of vessel co‐option and regression preceding angiogenesis in vivo.
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Thiocarboxylic Acids to In Situ‐Generated ortho‐Quinomethanes in Oil‐Water Phases
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Chu Mingming , Zhang Cheng , Shao Juanjuan , Qi Suosuo , Wang Biao , Du Xiaohua , Xu Danqian
Published: September 2017

An asymmetric conjugate addition of thiocarboxylic acids to in situ‐generated ortho‐quinomethanes (o‐QMs) catalyzed by bifunctional squaramide catalysts has been developed. The transformation proceeds with high yields (up to 96%) and enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee) in the oil‐water phases. The resulting thioester could be converted facilely into the chiral benzyl mercaptan in high yield without loss of enantioselectivity. The study also showed that the oil‐water biphase contributed significantly to the efficiency of the catalytic system.

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Oxidative Phosphorylation of N‐Aryl Glycine Amides via sp3 C−H Functionalization
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Liu Xiaofei , Shao Yu , Yuan Yu , Zhu Yingzu , Hou Wentao , Zhang Xuewen
Published: September 2017

An efficient phosphorylation of various glycine amides has been developed for radical cation salt‐induced C−H functionalization, producing a series of α‐aminophosphonates in high yields. Different from reported approaches, trialkyl phosphite was chosen as the phosphorus nucleophile, and the scope investigation shows broad functional group tolerance and high efficiency of the oxidative phosphorylation. This method provides a new way to synthesize α‐aminophosphonates.

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FeNi2Se4–Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite: Enhancing Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Evolution and Reduction through Synergistic Effects
Authors: Umapathi Siddesh , Masud Jahangir , Swesi Abdurazag T. , Nath Manashi
Published: September 2017

Water splitting reaction using earth‐abundant and environmentally benign catalysts is critical for renewable energy generation and storage. Herein a hybrid composite, FeNi2Se4 nanoparticles supported on nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (FeNi2Se4–NrGO) is reported as an efficient and dependable bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions (OER and ORR, respectively) under alkaline conditions. While FeNi2Se4 nanoparticles themselves show good catalytic activity for water oxidation, the constructed hybrid nanocomposite with NrGO as the supporting matrix show enhanced catalytic activity with a small overpotential of 170 mV @ 10 mA cm−2, small Tafel slope of 62.1 mV per decade, and high current density. The ORR catalytic activity of the nanocomposite catalyst is also good with an onset potential of 0.93 V. This is possibly due to the synergistic chemical coupling effects between the FeNi2Se4 and NrGO matrix. Chronoamperometric studies show that the catalyst is stable under conditions of continuous O2 evolution and reduction with very less degradation. Apart from reporting highly efficient OER–ORR bifunctional catalyst, this study also provides more proof for the effect of anion coordination on the catalyst performance, as well as the synergistic role of nanoscale interactions between the catalyst particles and graphene matrix to enhance catalytic activity.
From Surface ZrO2 Coating to Bulk Zr Doping by High Temperature Annealing of Nickel‐Rich Lithiated Oxides and Their Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Schipper Florian , Bouzaglo Hana , Dixit Mudit , Erickson Evan M. , Weigel Tina , Talianker Michael , Grinblat Judith , Burstein Larisa , Schmidt Michael , Lampert Jordan , Erk Christoph , Markovsky Boris , Major Dan Thomas , Aurbach Doron
Published: September 2017

One of the major hurdles of Ni‐rich cathode materials Li1+x(NixCozMnz)wO2, y > 0.5 for lithium‐ion batteries is their low cycling stability especially for compositions with Ni ≥ 60%, which suffer from severe capacity fading and impedance increase during cycling at elevated temperatures (e.g., 45 °C). Two promising surface and structural modifications of these materials to alleviate the above drawback are (1) coatings by electrochemically inert inorganic compounds (e.g., ZrO2) or (2) lattice doping by cations like Zr4+, Al3+, Mg2+, etc. This paper demonstrates the enhanced electrochemical behavior of Ni‐rich material LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) coated with a thin ZrO2 layer. The coating is produced by an easy and scalable wet chemical approach followed by annealing the material at ≥700 °C under oxygen that results in Zr doping. It is established that some ZrO2 remains even after annealing at ≥800 °C as a surface layer on NCM811. The main finding of this work is the enhanced cycling stability and lower impedance of the coated/doped NCM811 that can be attributed to a synergetic effect of the ZrO2 coating in combination with a zirconium doping.
Donor–Acceptor Type Dopant‐Free, Polymeric Hole Transport Material for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells (19.8%)
Authors: Kim Guan‐Woo , Lee Junwoo , Kang Gyeongho , Kim Taewan , Park Taiho
Published: September 2017

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite has led to the development of new solar cells with outstanding efficiency. In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), perovskite is sandwiched between a working electrode (fluorine‐doped tin oxide) and a counter electrode (gold, Au). In order to transport charges and block opposite charges, charge transport layers are inserted between perovskite and the electrodes. In particular, a hole transport layer is important because it generally prevents perovskite from exposure to air. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate dopant‐free and hydrophobic polymeric hole transport materials (HTMs). In this study, a novel polymeric HTM (PTEG) is synthesized by controlling the solubility using a tetraethylene glycol group. The planar‐PSC employing PTEG exhibits an efficiency of 19.8% without any dopants, which corresponds to the highest value reported to date. This study offers a fundamental strategy for designing and synthesizing various polymeric HTMs.
Diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma: A case series of 62 patients including paraoccupational exposures to chrysotile asbestos
Authors: Kradin Richard L. , Eng George , Christiani David C.
Published: September 2017

Background

Diffuse peritoneal malignant mesothelioma (DPM) is caused by exposure to asbestos. The medical literature has linked DPM primarily to high levels of asbestos exposure, in particular amosite. Controversy persists as to whether chrysotile is capable of causing DPM, especially when exposures are paraoccupational.

Methods

Sixty‐two subjects (51 men, 11 women) with DPM were reviewed in medical‐legal consultation with deposition and product identification evidence.

Results

All had pathologically confirmed DPM. Most were exposed to both amphibole and chrysotile, but chrysotile alone was documented in 14/62 (26%) cases. A total of 7/14 (50%) cases of the paraoccupational exposures were to chrysotile alone. Women were younger than men as were those with paraoccupational versus those with occupational exposure. The mean duration of exposure for all cases was 17.9 ± 10 years and latency from time of first exposure was 45.9 + 11.6 years.

Conclusions

DPM occurs with both occupational and paraoccupational exposures to asbestos and may be seen in paraoccupational exposures to chrysotile asbestos.
The effect of leprotic infection on the risk of death in medieval rural Denmark
Authors: Kelmelis K. Saige , Price Michael Holton , Wood Jim
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Paleopathological studies of leprosy in Danish skeletal collections show that many individuals suffered from this stigmatized disease during the Middle Ages. This study examines the risk of death associated with leprotic infection in individuals from the Danish rural cemetery of Øm Kloster (AD 1172–1536). Specifically, we modeled the influence of leprotic infection on age‐specific mortality accounting also for sex and social status (lay person / monastic).

Materials and methods

The sample consisted of 311 adult individuals from the Øm Kloster skeletal collection housed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Southern Denmark (ADBOU). We modeled morbidity and mortality using a three‐state illness‐death model with the following parameterizations for the three transition hazards: (1) nonlesioned to lesioned: constant; (2) nonlesioned to dead: Gompertz‐Makeham; and (3) lesioned to dead: Gompertz‐Makeham, directly proportional to the hazard of the well to dead transition.

Results

The mortality hazard of lesioned individuals exceeded that of nonlesioned individuals by a factor of 1.4 (40%) across all individuals, 1.7 for females, 1.0 for males, 1.3 for lay persons, and 1.7 for monastics. Overall, 15% of the sample died with skeletal manifestations of leprosy, though it is likely that a higher percentage of the population carried the bacterium.

Discussion

This study improves understanding of past health and population dynamics focusing on a chronic infectious disease. The methods employed could informatively be applied to larger analyses of community health from skeletal collections by incorporating more than one disease into the multistate model and inferring individual frailty using various skeletal markers.
The impact of surgical wait time on patient reported outcomes in sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Newton Ethan , Janjua Arif , Lai Ernest , Liu Guiping , Crump Trafford , Sutherland Jason M.
Published: September 2017

Background

In many developed countries, wait times for elective surgery are increasing. Among these elective surgeries is endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) performed for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Little is known about the impact of wait times on patients’ surgical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between patients’ wait times and postoperative patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

This study was based on a prospectively recruited longitudinal cohort of patients booked for ESS for the treatment of medically‐refractory CRS in Vancouver, Canada. Patients were recruited between September 2012 and December 2016. All participants completed the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was participants’ change in SNOT‐22 score. A regression model measured the association between patient‐reported outcome, wait time, and potential confounders.

Results

The study included 150 participants. The mean surgical wait time was 32 weeks. The mean preoperative SNOT‐22 score was 40.0. The improvement in SNOT‐22 scores following ESS was 18 points. Regression analysis found no association between wait time for ESS and the change in SNOT‐22 scores after surgery (p = 0.42). Only preoperative SNOT‐22 score correlated with outcome scores.

Conclusion

There was no association between the gains in health‐related quality of life and the length of time participants waited for surgery. The largest gains in health were concentrated among participants with the highest symptom burden, irrespective of wait time. This result suggests that it may be safe to triage patients based on symptom severity as an approach to maximizing the population's overall health.