bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODELING AVOCADO PRODUCTION IN MEXICO WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors:   Department of Animal Sciences, Biometry and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey, Çelik Şenol
Published: November 2022

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was created in this research to estimate and predict the amount of avocado production in Mexico. In the development of the ANN model, the years that are time variable were used as the input parameter, and the avocado production amount (tons) was used as the output parameter. The research data includes avocado production in Mexico for 1961-2020 period. Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolut Error (MAE) statistics were calculated using hyperbolic tangent activation function to determine the appropriate model. ANN model is a network architecture with 12 hidden layers, 12 process elements (12-12-1) and Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation algorithm. The amount of avocado production was estimated between 2021 and 2030 with the ANN. As a result of the prediction, it is expected that the amount of avocado production for the period 2021-2030 will be between 2,410,741-2,502,302 tons.
Values Formation within the Family as an Antecedent of Civic Participation
Authors:   Assistant Professor, University of the Philippines Rural High School, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines, B. Lanaca Aileen Rose , Z. Albor Rufo Gil ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Human and Family Development Studies, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines, Recto Ferlynn B. ,   Teaching Associate,Department of Human and Family Development Studies, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Philippines
Published: November 2022

Values formation during childhood is crucial in the development of children which serves as the basis of their behavior and actions outside the family and in later life. 131 volunteers of UPLB Ugnayan ng Pahinungód were selected as the sample of this study to understand how values formation in childhood translates to civic participation. Using explanatory sequential design, this research gathered data in two phases. Quantitative phase used Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) to determine the motivations of the respondents to volunteer while the Scales of Parenting Styles (SPS) assessed the parenting styles of the respondents’ parents. Data was analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis. Six participants were chosen for the qualitative phase and their cases were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results highlighted the importance of values formation during childhood in the learning and practice of values associated to civic participation. Parents played important roles as models of desired behaviors and socializing agents through their parenting styles and practices as well as extended childcare. Modeling and practice of behavior through family socialization contributed to their positive development. Volunteers were motivated to participate in civic activities to seek understanding of social issues and real-life situations of Filipinos anchored by their values and high regard for humanity and life. Definition of civic participation based from their experiences was also presented in the results. Main values components of civic participation are pakikipagkapwa, malasakit, and pananagutan which are recommended to be embedded in the family’s core values to contribute to the development of children’s sense of civic duty.
The Role of Financial Availability and Entrepreneurship Education in Starting Start-Up Business
Authors:   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, Laksmi Riani Asri , Runing Sawitri Hunik Sri ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, Istiqomah Suryandari ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, Riani S Anastasia ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, Novella QA Intan ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, Harsono Mugi ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Published: November 2022

Start-up businesses experienced significant growth in Surakarta and the surrounding areas. This development is likely supported by Surakarta’s economy, which is strongly driven by the business and industrial sectors. A company’s external and internal factors also affect start-up business success in Surakarta. From the company perspective, the factors affecting this success are the marketing, human resources, finance, and operational aspects. This study focuses on start-up businesses in Surakarta and the surrounding areas. Data were collected from 104 respondents and were analyzed using a quantitative method. This study examines the impact of a decision to start a business, the openness of the internal market, sales, dynamic market, and government policies, which were found to affect capital investors’ decision and their trust in start-up entrepreneurs. This study was interpretative and empiric, with hypotheses tested using PLS-SEM. The findings showed that risk tolerance positively impacts starting a new business (start-up) with a p-value of 0.000<0.005, supporting the first hypothesis. The hypothesis on financial availability’s positive and significant effect on entrepreneurship education was supported with a p-value of 0.001<0.005. The hypothesis on the effect of financial availability on starting a new business (start-up) is also supported with a p-value of 0.002<0.005, which supports the third hypothesis. Lastly, risk tolerance mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and starting a new business (start-up) is supported with a p-value of 0.000<0.005, supporting hypothesis 4.
Prihatin Tiyanto Priagung Hutomo, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of 17 August 1945 Semarang, Indonesia. Email: prihatintiyanto@gmail.com
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of 17 August 1945 Semarang, Hutomo Prihatin Tiyanto Priagung , Nursanti Sandra ,   Central Java Provincial Audit Boards of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK) Employees
Published: November 2022

Employee performance is the main target to improve organizational progress, and employee competence is a solution to improve employee performance as well as improve organizational performance. Organizational performance can be improved through organizational learning and organizational commitment. The purpose of this research is to improve employee performance which is supported by organizational learning and organizational commitment with employee competence as a solution to performance problems. The population in this study were all staff of Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia (BPK) functional employees in Central Java Province, which amounted to 245 employees and all employees were sampled. The analytical tool uses SPSS 22. The results of the study found that organizational learning and organizational commitment have a significant effect on employee performance. Organizational learning and employee commitment have a significant effect on employee competence. Employee competence mediates organizational learning and mediates organizational commitment to employee performance.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Disiplin Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Sekretariat Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Desi Kartika Sandra , Djazuli Abid , Choiriyah Choiriyah
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of work motivation, work discipline and work environment on employee performance the regional parlementary secretariat of South Sumatra Province. The research method used is associative research using random sampling technique using the Issac and Michael formulas obtained by 76 respondents. The SPSS 25 program is used in the analysis technique, which makes use of Instrument Test, Classical Assumption Test and multiple linear regression. Based on the results of the study it is known that work motivation and work discipline have a significant influence on employee performance, work environment does not have a significant effect on employee performance partially. Meanwhile, the variables of Work Motivation, Work Discipline and Work Environment have a significant effect on Employee Performance The Regional Parlementary Secretariat of South Sumatra Province
How to Choose an Appropriate Research Data Collection Method and Method Choice Among Various Research Data Collection Methods and Method Choices During Ph.D. Program in India?
Authors: Ganesha H. R. , Aithal P. S.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explain the characteristics of data (qualitative and quantitative), secondary data, primary data, various primary data collection methods, data collection method choices, and most importantly the suitability of data collection method choices to enable Ph.D. scholars in India to understand the key difference between research methodology/design and research data collection methods/method choices, in turn, guiding them to choose an appropriate data collection method choice. Design/Methodology/Approach: Postmodernism philosophical paradigm; Inductive research approach; Observation data collection method; Longitudinal data collection time frame; Qualitative data analysis. Findings/Result: As long as the Ph.D. scholars can understand all the available research data collection methods and make mindful method choices of data collection to answer their research question they will be able to determine (on their own) all the other choices in succeeding steps of doctoral-level research such as i) data collection time frame; ii) sample size; iii) sampling technique; iv) data collection instrument; v) data analysis techniques. In addition, scholars will also be able to differentiate between research methodology/design and research data collection methods/method choices. Originality/Value: There is a vast literature about each one of the research data collection methods. However, only a few have explained them together comprehensively. In this article, we have attempted to capture most of the research data collection methods and method choices briefly that would enable Ph.D. scholars in India to glance through and make scholarly data collection method choices. Paper Type: Conceptual.
DANSÇILARDA RİTİM EĞİTİMİ
Authors: Turan Zeynel
Published: November 2022

Dansçılar çoğunlukla ritmi daha önceden yazılmış bir nota veya bir metin üzerinden okumak yerine müzik eserini dinleyerek veya bir koreograf eşliğinde dans icrası yoluyla esere ait olan ritmi öğrenirler. Dansçıların bir arada senkronize bir şekilde dans edebilmesi yalnızca hareketlerin doğru ve istendik türden yapılmasına bağlı olmamakla birlikte, estetik duygu, ritim ve müziğin dansçılar tarafından içselleştirilerek tüm elementleri ile bilinmesine bağlıdır. Dans sanatı, yalnızca teknik bilgi, iyi bir beden kontrolü ve motorik diğer beceriler ile değil aynı zamanda düşünceleri iyi ifade edebilme gibi bütünsel bir yaklaşımla da elde edilmektedir. Müzik eşliğinde dans ederken sanatçının yaptığı sanatı ve ifadesini izleyiciye ulaştırabilmek için, bir hareket serisinin ritimsel açıdan başlangıç ve bitiş sayılarını bilmesi, bir hareketten diğerine geçişte kendinden emin olması ve dans ettiğinin farkında olması son derece önemlidir. Bu düşünceyle, dansçının hareketi oluşturan diğer tüm unsurları bilip uygulayabilmesi, sanatına ilişkin tempo terimlerini ve müzik formuna ait bilgileri kendisine eşlik edecek müzisyene aktarabilecek bir müzikal bilgiye sahip olması, koreografiyi teknik bakımdan üst düzey sergileyebilmesi ve kendisini daha net bir şekilde ifade edebilmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu önemle, çalışmada literatür taraması ve yazarın deneyimleri üzerinden dansçılarda ritim eğitiminin önemi ve dans sanatına olan katkıları betimleyici bir yolla açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Telehealth Interventions Within the Scope of Occupational Therapy Practice: A Systematic Review
Authors: Feldhacker Diana R. , Jewell Vanessa D. , Jung LeSage Sadie , Collins Haley , Lohman Helene , Russell Marion
Published: November 2022

Importance: With the increasing use of telehealth, it is imperative to synthesize the existing evidence to examine the effectiveness of telehealth interventions and inform practitioners and reimbursement entities.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of telehealth occupational therapy interventions across the lifespan, delivered either independently or as part of an interdisciplinary team.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, SAGE, PsycInfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, OTseeker, and OT Search and hand searches of systematic reviews, relevant journals, and known occupational therapy telehealth research.

Study Selection and Data Collection: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we screened and appraised articles that included an occupational therapy intervention delivered via telehealth and that were peer reviewed, written in English, published between 2009 and 2019, and Levels 1b to 3b evidence.

Findings: Twenty full-text articles (8 Level 1b, 9 Level 2b, and 3 Level 3b) met the inclusion criteria. Strong strength of evidence supports the use of telehealth approaches for occupational therapy interventions for people with neurological and pain conditions. Moderate strength of evidence supports the use of telehealth interventions to support education outcomes. Low strength of evidence was found for other outcomes for children with developmental disorders and additional conditions.

Conclusions and Relevance: There is evidence to support that occupational therapy interventions delivered via telehealth are similarly effective as those delivered face-to-face, especially for neurological and pain conditions.

What This Article Adds: The findings include an updated synthesis of telehealth occupational therapy interventions provided separately and with interdisciplinary health care teams. They expand occupational therapy’s scope of practice to include interventions provided across the lifespan for rehabilitation and habilitation needs and include effectiveness by conditions.
Construção de consenso e a gestão da pandemia de covid-19: estrutura, desenvolvimento e resultados no Estado do Ceará
Authors: Cabral Sales Alessander Wilckson
Published: November 2022

A gestão adequada dos conflitos gerados pela crise sanitária de covid-19 demanda a elaboração de políticas públicas de controle que, limitantes de direitos individuais, diminuam a disseminação viral e os óbitos decorrentes. Esses conflitos são complexos e, no Brasil, ante a falta de coordenação entre os diversos níveis de governo em razão de extrema polarização político-ideológica, governadores e prefeitos assumiram a posição de principais gestores da crise. No estado do Ceará, uma escolha política submeteu o processo decisório de formulação dessas políticas ao método de construção de consenso, horizontalizando e democratizando a gestão dos conflitos. O artigo descreve e analisa o desenvolvimento e resultados da estrutura gerencial da crise, informada pela autocomposição de conflitos multilaterais complexos, evidenciando sua aptidão para reduzir litigiosidade e, como consequência, produzir resultados mais satisfatórios para a diminuição dos impactos da pandemia.
Special Symposium, Collective Vigilantism in Global Comparative Perspective Gender Gaps in Support for Vigilante Violence
Authors: Wilke Anna M.
Published: November 2022

Mob vigilantism—the punishment of alleged criminals by groups of citizens is widespread throughout the developing world. Drawing on surveys with more than 13,000 respondents from Uganda, Tanzania, and South Africa, this article shows women are more likely than men to support
mob vigilantism. Qualitative evidence, a vignette experiment, and survey measures suggest men and women differ in their beliefs about mob vigilantism. Men are more convinced that mob vigilantism creates risks of false accusation for those who do not commit crime. I trace this divergence in
beliefs to differences in men's and women's personal risk of being accused of a crime that they did not commit. The results speak against the notion that women are inherently more opposed to violence than men.
Special Symposium, Collective Vigilantism in Global Comparative Perspective Building a New Digital Archive: Documenting Anti-Black Violence in the "Jim Crow" U. S. South, 1930–1954
Authors: Nobles Melissa
Published: November 2022

Today's Black Lives Matter movement has drawn attention to racial violence, especially lethal police violence, and compared it to the 'Jim Crow' U.S. South. However, this comparison requires more specific information about racial violence during this period. Uncovering and organizing
this information are the main objectives of the Burnham-Nobles Digital Archive. It documents racial killings in the American South, 1930-1954. Racial killings refer to killings where racial animus, or perceived infraction of Jim Crow norms, are documented or reasonably inferred from newspaper
reports or U.S. government and civil rights organization documents. This research note discusses how the Archive contributes to basic comparative politics topics of democratic governance and subnational authoritarianism and methodological concerns, including the creation of databases used
in the comparative study of collective vigilantism.
Adaptation of the Good Teaching Scale into Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: İLTER İlhan , IZGAR Gökhan
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to adapt the “Good Teaching Scale” (GTS) developed by Alhija (2017) into Turkish and to test its validity and reliability. The original form of the scale consisted of 5 sub-dimensions and a total of 35 items. The study data were collected from 491 students who enrolled in different postgraduate programs at a higher education institution in Turkey. In order to adapt the scale into Turkish, the language validity was verified, and then EFA and CFA with the different study data were performed for the construct validity of the GTS-Turkish form. Cronbach Alpha and the composite reliability coefficient were calculated to test internal consistency reliability. Results of the factor analysis showed that it was found that the items of the GTS translated into Turkish were collected in a 5-dimensional structure, as in the original scale. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient was found as .905, and the composite reliability value as .872. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficients of sub-dimensions of GTS-Turkish version were found to vary between .796 and .841. According to the results of the item-total correlation for item discrimination, it was determined that the item discrimination of the scale was at a good level. These findings indicated that, the Good Teaching Scale-Turkish version, which consisted of 35 items, is a valid and reliable measurement tool for measuring the university students’ perceptions of good teaching in Turkey and the perceived characteristics of good teaching in higher education.
Impact of Modern Analytical Tools In The Standardization of Kharaliya Rasayana (Arogyavardhini Rasa)
Authors: Sapkota Dr.Yuga Raj , Patgiri B.J. , Shukla Dr. V.J. Shukla , Prajapati Prof. P.K. Prajapati
Published: November 2022

Background: Arogyavardhini Rasa is a well known Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation widely used for a broad spectrum of therapeutic indications mainly in the treatment of Kamala (jaundice) and other Yakrit Vikara (liver disorders).

Aim: To standardized Arogyavardhini Rasa prepared with and without Rasavarga Dravya (ingredients of Metallo-mineral origin) by using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)  & computational by principal component analysis (PCA)  as an analytical tool.   

Materials & Method: Arogyavardhani Rasa (AVR) was prepared as per classical reference and further modified this preparation by omitting  Rasavarga dravya (ingredients of Metallo-mineral origin) of Arogyavardhani Rasa (MAVR). Formulations were investigated for physicho-chemical parameters, chromatography and using the building block of chemometrics technique such as PCA was applied to discriminate the formulations AVR and MAVR.

Result & Discussion: HPTLC study revealed a total of 11 and 8 bands at 254 nm and 366 nm in both AVR & MAVR, with only two similar Rf values in the sample. PCA revealed that both formulations were found similarities & dissimilarities within a batch of AVR and MAVR with its physicho-chemical constant.

Conclusion: The analytical tools applied (HPTLC and PCA)  for the study revealed that the classical processing like Bhavana (Lavigation ), Mardana (Trituration) etc. had a significant role in the preparation of Rasaaushadhis (mercurial medicine) and process validate the Indian system of medicinal pharmaceutics.
Overexpression of goat STEAP4 promotes the differentiation of subcutaneous adipocytes
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Hao , Wang Yong , Li Yanyan , Xiong Yan , Li Ruiwen , Zhu Jiangjiang , Lin Yaqiu
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Objective: The focus of this study was the six-transmembrane
epithelial antigen of the prostate 4 (STEAP4) gene, on the basis of the cloned
goat STEAP4 gene sequence. Its molecular and expression characteristics were
analyzed, and its influence on the differentiation of goat subcutaneous
adipocytes was explored through overexpression. Method: Reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to
clone the goat STEAP4 sequence, and online tools were used to analyze the
molecular characteristic. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to
detect the expression level of STEAP4 in goat tissues and subcutaneous
adipocyte differentiation. Liposome transfection, BODIPY, Oil Red O
staining, and qPCR were used to explore the effect of overexpression of
STEAP4 on adipocyte differentiation. Results: The cloned goat STEAP4 gene
sequence was 1388 bp, and the complete coding sequence (CDS) region was 1197 bp, which encoded a total of 398 amino acids. Compared with the
predicted sequence (XM_005679300.3), there were three base
mutations in the CDS region of goat STEAP4, A188G, T281C, and A507G. Among
them, A507G changed the amino acid at position 170 from Ile to Val. Analysis
of the physical and chemical properties of the protein showed that STEAP4 was
a stable hydrophilic basic protein. STEAP4 gene expression level was highest
in goat liver tissue (P<0.01), followed by lung and back
subcutaneous adipose tissue. STEAP4 showed different expression levels in
goat subcutaneous adipocytes at different times during the induction of
differentiation. The expression in the late stage of differentiation was
higher than that before differentiation and lowest at 12 h (P<0.01).
Overexpression of STEAP4 promoted the accumulation of intracellular lipid
droplets; C/EBPβ (CCAAT enhancer binding protein) was extremely significantly up-regulated
(P<0.01), and aP2 (fatty acid
binding protein) was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Overexpression of STEAP4 could promote the differentiation of
goat subcutaneous preadipocytes. This study lays the foundation for an
in-depth study of the role of STEAP4 in goat lipid deposition.
Stream laws in tectonic landscape analogue models
Authors: Reitano Riccardo , Clementucci Romano , Conrad Ethan Mark , Corbi Fabio , Lanari Riccardo , Faccenna Claudio , Bazzucchi Chiara
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The interplay between tectonics and surface processes defines the evolution of mountain belts. However, correlating these processes through the evolution of natural orogens represents a scientific challenge. Analogue models can be used for analyzing and interpreting the effect of such interaction. We use nine analog models characterized by different combinations of imposed regional slope and rainfall rates to investigate how a small scale orogen evolves in response to tectonics and surface processes. We show how the combination of these parameters control the development of drainage networks and erosional processes. We quantify the different morphological expression of analogue landscapes in terms of a proposed Ae number that accounts for both observables and boundary conditions. We find few differences between analogue models and natural prototypes, in terms of parametrization of the detachment-limited stream power law. We observe a threshold in the development of channelization, modulated by a tradeoff between applied boundary conditions.
Deglacial climate changes as forced by ice sheet reconstructions
Authors: Bouttes Nathaelle , Lhardy Fanny , Quiquet Aurelien , Paillard Didier , Goosse Hugues , Roche Didier M.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. During the Last Deglaciation, the climate evolves from a cold state at the Last Glacial Maximum at 21 ka with large ice sheets, to the warm Holocene at ~9 ka with reduced ice sheets. The deglacial ice sheet melt can impact the climate through multiple ways: changes of topography and albedo, bathymetry and coastlines, as well as fresh water fluxes. In the PMIP4 protocol for deglacial simulations, these changes can be accounted or not depending on the modelling group choices. In addition, two ice sheet reconstructions are available (ICE-6G_C and GLAC-1D). In this study, we evaluate all these effects related to ice sheet changes on the climate using the iLOVECLIM model of intermediate complexity. We show that the two reconstructions yield the same warming to a first order, but with a different amplitude (3.9 °C with ICE-6G_C and 3.8 °C with GLAC-1D) and evolution. We obtain a stalling of temperature rise during the Antarctic Cold Reversal (from ~14 ka to ~12 ka) similar to proxy data only with the GLAC-1D ice sheet reconstruction. Accounting for changes in bathymetry in the simulations results in a cooling due to a larger sea ice extent and higher surface albedo. Finally, fresh water fluxes result in AMOC drawdown, but the timing in the simulations disagrees with proxy data of ocean circulation changes. This questions the links between reconstructed fresh water fluxes from ice sheet melt and recorded AMOC weakening and their representation in models.
Failure mode of rainfall-induced landslide of granite residual soil, southeastern Guangxi Province, China
Authors: Wu Shanbai , Zhao Ruihua , Liao Liping , Yang Yunchuan , Wei Yao , Wei Wenzhi
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Granite residual soil landslides are widely distributed in the southeast of Guangxi, China. They pose threats to local communities, economic development and ecological restoration. To understand the failure mode, the landslide can provide a scientific basis for early warning and prevention. In this study, we conducted artificial flume model tests to
investigate the failure mode of granite residual soil landslide. The
macroscopic phenomena of landslides were observed and summarized. The
response and variations of soil moisture content and pore water pressure
were analyzed. And the discrepancies in landslide initiation were explored.
The results had three aspects: (1) the response of volume moisture content
was not synchronized with that of pore water pressure. Their variations were influenced by initial dry density, slope angle and rainfall intensity. The fluctuation of pore water pressure depended on soil mechanical behavior and its diffusion. (2) The differences in the formation process of granite residual soil landslides included the initiation time and mode. The starting time of landslide was delayed with increasing initial dry density and slope angle but shortened with increasing rainfall intensity. The failure mode could be changed from a sudden type to a progressive type due to the increase in initial dry density. (3) There are five stages in the landslide mobilization as follows: rain infiltration and crack generation, soil slide at the slope toe, occurrence of surface runoff and soil erosion, formation of steep-free surface, and soil slide at the upper slope. This research can provide valuable reference for the prevention and early warning of granite residual soil landslide in southeastern Guangxi.
MEDFATE 2.8.1: A trait-enabled model to simulate Mediterranean forest function and dynamics at regional scales
Authors: De Cáceres Miquel , Molowny-Horas Roberto , Cabon Antoine , Martínez-Vilalta Jordi , Mencuccini Maurizio , García-Valdés Raúl , Nadal-Sala Daniel , Sabaté Santiago , Martin-StPaul Nicolas , Morin Xavier , Batllori Enric , Améztegui Aitor
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Regional-level applications of dynamic vegetation models are challenging because they need to accommodate the variation in plant functional diversity, which requires moving away from broadly-defined functional types. Different approaches have been adopted in the last years to incorporate a trait-based perspective into modeling exercises. A common parametrization strategy involves using trait data to represent functional variation between individuals while discard taxonomic identity, but this strategy ignores the phylogenetic signal of trait variation and cannot be employed when predictions for specific taxa are needed, as in applications to inform forest management planning. An alternative strategy involves adapting the taxonomic resolution of model entities to that of the data source employed for large-scale initialization and estimating functional parameters from available plant trait databases while adopting alternative solutions for missing data and non-observable parameters. Here we report the advantages and limitations of this second strategy according to our experience in the development of MEDFATE (v. 2.8.1), a novel cohort-based and trait-enabled model of forest dynamics, for its application over a region in the Western Mediterranean Basin. First, 217 taxonomic entities were defined according to woody species codes of the Spanish National Forest Inventory. While forest inventory data were used to obtain some empirical parameter estimates, a large proportion of physiological, morphological, and anatomical parameters were mapped to measured plant traits, with estimates extracted from multiple databases and averaged at the required taxonomic level. Estimates for non-observable key parameters were obtained using meta-modeling and calibration exercises. Missing values were filled using imputation procedures based on trait coordination, taxonomic averages or both. The model properly simulated observed historical basal area changes, with a performance similar to an empirical model trained for the same region. While strong efforts are still required to parameterize trait-enabled models for multiple taxa, estimation procedures can be progressively refined, transferred to other regions or models and iterated following data source changes by employing automated workflows. We advocate for the adoption of trait-enabled population-structured models for regional-level projections of forest function and dynamics.
Stratospheric downward wave reflection events modulate North American weather regimes and cold spells
Authors: Messori Gabriele , Kretschmer Marlene , Lee Simon H. , Wendt Vivien
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The Arctic stratospheric polar vortex is an important driver of mid-latitude winter cold spells. One proposed coupling mechanism between the
stratospheric polar vortex and the troposphere is upward-propagating planetary waves being reflected downward by the polar vortex. However, while
the wave reflection mechanism is well-documented, its role in favouring cold spells is still under-explored. Here, we analyse such stratospheric
wave reflections and their impact on the tropospheric circulation and surface temperatures over North America in winter. We present a physically
interpretable regional stratospheric wave reflection detection metric and identify the tropospheric circulation anomalies associated with prolonged
periods of wave reflection, which we term reflection events. In particular, we characterise the tropospheric anomalies through the lens of
North American weather regimes. Stratospheric reflection events show a systematic evolution from a Pacific Trough regime – associated on average
with positive temperature anomalies and a near-complete absence of anomalously cold temperatures in North America – to an Alaskan Ridge regime,
which favours low temperatures over much of the continent. The most striking feature of the stratospheric reflection events is thus a rapid,
continental-scale decrease in temperatures. These emerge as continental-scale cold spells by the end of the reflection events. Stratospheric
reflection events are thus highly relevant in a tropospheric predictability perspective.
ONE KOREA: POSSIBILITY AND BENEFITS
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov ENU, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Kamaljanova T.A. , Kassymova A.R. ,   L.N. Gumilyov ENU, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

This paper analyze the possibility of the unification of South and North Korea and outcome of that process. In order to study the topic analysis of different journals and research papers was used. As a result of that, there is no any progress in the process of unification of two Koreas. Even though there are constant actions towards and both countries dream to have country as One, to see South and North Korea together, the world need to wait for decades. Experts explain it by too different views on the unification process and by which scenario One Korea should develop further. The fact of different forms of government and mindset of population do not make process of unification easier. It also seems that possible unification will not be welcomed by major actors of international relations because they have their own priorities and plans in the region. That is why, the world community does not need to worry about geo-politicalchanges in the map in the near future due to minimization of chances of the unification of South and North Korea.
FEATURES OF MOSQUES IN CULTURAL RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES BESPAI AND IZENAGASH OF DONYZTAU AREA
Authors:   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Azhigali S.Y. , Ashim B.A. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Kazakhstan, Almaty
Published: November 2022

In the mid-19th century, Islamic ideology played an important role in the Donyztau region, adapting to a semi-nomadic, and later - semi-sedentary lifestyle. Later, special types of Kazakh settlements were formed, in which the cult function was clearly manifested. In particular, in the second half of the 19th century, special original “cult-dwelling complexes” were erected in the Donyztau area, including “mosques, schools-madrasahs, residential buildings, ancestral cemeteries or burials” made of processed and unworked stone. Cult-dwelling complexes were located mainly in the autumn camps of the nomads who inhabited Donyztau. In the article, the authors study some of the issues related to the history of cult-dwelling complexes formation in the Donyztau region. Along with this, a description of the Bespai and Isenagash mosques is given and an analysis of some of its features is carried out. The materials collected by the authors in Donyztau in 2019 during the period of the “West Kazakhstan Integrated Ethnoarchaeological Expedition” (headed by S.E. Azhigali) are considered.
THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINING THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STATUS OF PRISONERS OF WAR ON THE SOVIET-GERMAN FRONT
Authors:   Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kokebayeva G.K.
Published: November 2022

The article deals with the problem of determining the international legal status of prisoners of war on the Soviet-German front. The object of the study is the telegrams and letters of the governments of the USSR and Nazi Germany to the embassies of neutral countries. The Hague Convention of 1907 and the Geneva Convention of 1929 provided real protection to prisoners of war. The Soviet government did not recognize the international treaties concluded by the former Russian governments, including The Hague Convention of 1907, and also did not join The Geneva Convention of 1929. The outbreak of hostilities on the Soviet-German front required the determination of the legal status of Soviet and German prisoners of war. The correspondence between the governments of the two countries, carried out through the mediation of neutral states, did not affect the legal status of prisoners of war on the eastern front. The results of our research show that the problem of prisoners of war has become an object of ideological confrontation between the authorities of the warring totalitarian states.
SOCIAL AND CAREER STRATEGIES OF THE JAIKPAYEV’S FAMILY IN THE SERVICE OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE 19 - BEGINNING 20 CENTURY
Authors:   Abai KazNPU, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Dalayeva T.
Published: November 2022

The study of personalities performed official duties in the 19 - early 20 centuries, during the period of imperial administrative reforms and the design of the management system on the territory of the Kazakh zhuzes, as well as the social characteristics and practices of the official activities of Kazakh officials in the local government system, has been actively developed in the last decade in domestic publications. Analysis of archival documents on the practice of exercising power by specific personalities through sociological concepts and visual images makes it possible to expand this topic within the framework of a new social history.The study of the evolution of the subjectivity of Kazakh officials through the characteristics of social relationships in the Kazakh traditional society is of scientific interest for researchers.The article presents the Dzhaikpayev dynasty in the service of the local government of Akmola region of the Steppe General Governorship. Archival documents, petitions, form lists, reports from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan and photographic documents from the Central State Archive of Film and Photo Documents and Sound Recordings of the Republic of Kazakhstan were used as sources for this article.The study of the career strategies of the Dzhaikpayev family in the local government of Akmola region in the 19th - early 20th centuries was carried out on the basis of the collected material in the historical and anthropological context of the practice of exercising their official powers. The main attention is paid to the study of the evolution of the subjectivity of personal images of the Dzhaikpayev family three generations.
THE HUNGER OF 1921-1922 IN KAZAKHSTAN AND ITS CONSEQUENCES (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN)
Authors:   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kozybayeva M.M. , Kudaibergenova A.I. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Baidaly R.Z. ,   A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kazakhstan, Kostanay
Published: November 2022

In the article, the authors reveal the causes and consequences of the famine of 1921-1922 in Kazakhstan, which, in comparison with other affected regions, experienced a greater burden in terms of food security. The famine was aggravated by the devastation and anarchy during the civil war, which prevented the rapid resolution of problems. In the north-western regions of Kazakhstan, famine became possible not only as a result of a natural disaster, but also as a result of the removal of surplus agricultural products by food detachments. The Kazakh people suffered from hunger, especially in connection with fundamental changes in the economy and a reduction in the number of livestock. The article shows the consequences of hunger in the form of an increase in refugees, the spread of disease, child homelessness, crime, etc. The authors come to the conclusion that, although assistance to the hungry was provided, it was clearly insufficient, they show the role of international organizations in the fight against hunger.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE FAMINE IN KAZAKHSTAN IN 1921-1922: IN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS AND WRITTEN MATERIALS
Authors:   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology. Kazakhstan, Almaty, Konkabayeva A.N. , Murzakhodzhaev K.M. ,   Ch.Ch. Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethnology. Kazakhstan, Almaty
Published: November 2022

This article discusses some aspects of the famine of 1921-1922 on the basis of the collected archival materials. The famine of 1921-1922 is a tragic event of our people. The author examines the socio-economic and political causes of the famine that engulfed the entire province, its consequences and the measures taken. A historiographical review on this topic is also being done.On the basis of archival data, an example is given confirming the disaster and tragedy of the people. The article highlights the activities of the provincial commission for faminer life (GUBPOMGOL), the main directions of the state's work against the fight against infectious diseases and epidemics. Special attention is paid to the peasant uprisings that were caused by the consequences of the famine.
PENSION PROVISION OF THE POPULATION OF AKTOBE REGION IN POSTWAR YEARS (1946 -1953)
Authors:   West Kazakhstan Medical University named after Marat Ospanov. Kazakhstan, Aktobe, Mukhambetgalieva A.K.
Published: November 2022

The article deals with the issues of pension provision of the population of Aktobe region in the postwar years. The author of the article relies on the database of sources stored in the State Archive of Aktobe region (SAAR), in the fonds of the Aktobe region department of social security and the region committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. The archival materials allow specifying Stalin's strategy of solving problems of social protection of Soviet citizens in the conditions of post-war devastation and restoration of national economy. The paper reveals the peculiarities of pension provision of post-war population and characterizes its mechanisms in terms of efficiency in solving social problems of the society. The article concludes that in the period under review the pensions of the population were miserable, and for most people it was the only means of survival. Significant improvements in the system of pensions occurred only after the adoption of the Law on State Pensions in 1956.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC, CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY OF ZAISAN 1925-1991: HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan, Amanbekova N.D. , Bakirova J.S. ,   College Academy “Symbat, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the socio-economic, cultural development of a small town in the East in the 1925-1990s. and to determine the meaning and place of the history of the city during the Soviet period. Today in East Kazakhstan there is a small town of Zaysan, one of the cities with different industries. The reason for the separate consideration of small towns in the East is that they are all heterogeneous in terms of the level of socio-economic development and ongoing structural transformations, depending on economic and geographical factors. Some small towns were built in places of industrial development of natural mineral resources - their city-forming basis was large enterprises of various sectors of the economy, others were formed around large transport hubs, scientific and technical centers of the military-industrial complex of the former Soviet Union. As a result, an imbalance arose between the location of industrial enterprises not in areas with large labor resources, where mainly the Kazakh population lives, but in regions with rich raw materials or in cities that are effective from the point of view of union government bodies. Zaysan is a great caravan route that has become a golden bridge between Russia and China. In addition, the city is located in a geopolitical zone bordering China. Since the Republic of Kazakhstan gained independence, a customs service has been established in the country. Since May 1992, the Maykapshagai customs post has been established at the eastern regional customs. Also, the border trade center "Maykapshagai-Zhemeny" has been opened since April 2006. Studying the history of a small historical city, which has not lost its significance until now, is a requirement of today. In the Soviet period, for objective reasons, there were cities with very low economic potential, which due to the lack of a resource base. In such cities, the backward structure of industry, infrastructure and social sphere, low incomes of the population are not developed. In such a city in the region Zaisan also fell.
MILITARY-FORTRESS LINES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SOUTHERN URALS AT THE TURN OF THE XVIII-XIX CENTURIES
Authors:   A.Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Shalgimbekov A.B. , Shotanova G.A. ,   Ch.Ch.  Valikhanov  Institute  of  History  and  Ethnology  of  the  Committee  of  Science  of  the  Ministry  of Education and Science of the RK, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2022

This article is devoted to one of the topical issues of Kazakhstan’s colonization by the Russian Empire. At the first stage of colonization, the northern region of Kazakhstan became Russia's interest. Military factor was the leading one in the implementation of colonial policy. At the turn of the 18th-19th centuries, military fortification lines were erected along the northwestern borders, additional regular troops and Cossacks were sentthere, and a part of the civilian population was relegated to the military-cossack ranks. It was a starting point for the further advancement of the empire in the east. As a result of military reforms and reorganization of troops, thegarrisons were significantly strengthened, and the defense capacity of fortresseswas increased. Orenburg authorities pursued a policy of disunion, separation of indigenous peoples of the Southern Urals: Kazakhs, Bashkirs, and Nogais. The disunion policy and social assimilation of the ruling clan by various means were carried out. The issue of transferring military lines deep into the steppes by the beginning of the 19th century was practically resolved.