bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Riverbed Changes between Sediment Budget Analysis with Measured Data and River Survey: Case Application to Part of Geumgang
Authors: Kang Taeuk , Jin Youngkyu , Seo Hyowon , Lee Namjoo , Kim Chang-Sung
Published: December 2021

Sediment measurement data are utilized as basic data for various river plans and research. The aim of this study is to compare between sediment budget analysis and riverbed monitoring results. The spatial range was from the Gongju-si (Gemganggyo) station to the Buyeo-gun (Baekjegyo) station in Geumgang, and the temporal range in this study was from 2011 to 2016. The estimated change in riverbed amount using the sediment budget analysis was 2,430,243 tons for sediments loaded over six years in the section. The analyzed riverbed changes sedimentation using the riverbed monitoring method were 2,165,146 tons based on the low level and 3,055,489 tons based on the flood level. Based on the riverbed monitoring performance, the relative errors in the sediment budget analysis results through sediment measurements were 10.9% and -25.7% for the low water and flood levels, respectively.
Evaluation of Water Supply Stability According to Changes in Instream Flow
Authors: Choi Sijung , Kang Seongkyu , Lee Dongryul
Published: December 2021

The Daap intake plant located downstream of the Seomjin River was relocated in 2005, and the amount of intake increased. Accordingly, it significantly influenced the change in the flow rate downstream of the Seomjin River. After relocating the Daap intake plant, the production of Corbicula in the downstream of the Seomjin River decreased; there is a demand for investigation into the damage to the downstream fishermen and preparation of countermeasures. An increase in instream flow to increase the production of Corbicula downstream of the Seomjin River may cause difficulties in the stable water supply of the Seomjin River basin; therefore, a preliminary review is necessary. In this study, the supply stability was evaluated through water budget analysis after setting several instream flow at the downstream of the Seomjin River in Gurye-gun (Songjeong-ri). In addition, the supply stability of the water resource system in the Seomjin River according to the instream flow rate was evaluated. It was intended to suggest an alternative to the supply of instream flow. If the instream flow is set large to increase the production of Corbicula, it may cause difficulties in supplying instream flow and problems in supplying water necessary for human activities; therefore, related information must be provided through various analyses.
Analysis of Hydraulic Characteristics and Treatment Efficiency by Filter Media Composition During Backwashing of Filtration-Type Non-Point Pollution Facilities
Authors: Park Ingun , Lee Jungmin , Kim Hayong
Published: December 2021

In this study, the hydraulic characteristics and pollutant treatment efficiency during backwashing were analyzed through laboratory-scale hydraulic model experiments for filtration-type non-point pollution reduction facilities. The filter media used in the experiment were analyzed by calculating the change in head loss for single or complex arrangements of wood chips (WC), sand (SA), and bottom ash (BA). These are commonly used to improve the adsorption mechanism in non-point pollution reduction facilities, from which the pollutant treatment efficiency was derived. The SS treatment efficiency experiments for each filter media layer were conducted with SA+WC (WC 0.3 m in the upper layer, SA 0.3 m in the lower layer) and SA+BA (SA 0.3 m in the upper layer, BA 0.3 m in the lower layer), and the removal efficiency was greater than 80%, indicating good efficiency. In the case of SA+BA, analysis showed a high removal efficiency of 87.4% at a linear velocity of 20 m/hr.
A Smart Semi‐Implantable Device Integrating Microchannel‐Enhanced Sampling and Multiplex Biochemical Testing for Deep Wound Monitoring and Pathogen Identification
Authors: Li Qilin , Wei Chunyu , Xu Luming , Zhang Jiao , Li Yuyu , Lu Xiaohuan , Xu Rengui , Guo Honglian , Cao Peng , Ouyang Chenke , Xu Jiarong , Chen Wei , Wang Zheng , Wang Lin
Published: January 2025

Monitoring deep wounds is challenging but necessary for high‐quality medical treatment. Current methodologies for deep wound monitoring are typically limited to indirect clinical symptoms or costly non‐real‐time imaging diagnosis. Herein, a smart system is proposed that enables in situ monitoring of deep wounds’ status through a semi‐implantable device composed of 2 seamlessly connected functional components: 1) the well‐designed, microchannel‐structured sampling needles that efficiently and conveniently collect samples from deep wound anatomical locations, and 2) the multiplex biochemical testing compartment that facilitates the immediate and persistent detection of multiple biochemical indicators based on a color image processing software accessible to a conventional smartphone. With the 3 representative preclinical deep wound models, the study demonstrates the device's potential to monitor wound infection, inflammation, healing progress, and reduce inflammation when applied to deep skin injury, surgical implantation, and postoperative intestinal leakage. The device's capability to rapidly and accurately identify pathogenic bacteria is also demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo, potentially facilitating precise intervention in infected wounds. Coupled with the device's favorable biocompatibility and cost‐effectiveness, this intelligent system emerges as a promising tool for safe and effective management of complicated deep wounds.
Gut Commensal Barnesiella Intestinihominis Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Liver Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Zhang Ye , Xu Dong , Cai Xuyi , Xing Xue , Shao Xin , Yin Ailing , Zhao Yanyan , Wang Mengyuan , Fan Yu‐nuo , Liu Boao , Yang Hua , Zhou Wei , Li Ping
Published: January 2025

Recent studies have highlighted the role of the gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Improving gut microbiota dysbiosis can be a potential strategy for the prevention and management of T2D. Here, this work finds that the abundance of Barnesiella intestinihominis is significantly decreased in the fecal of T2D patients from 2‐independent centers. Oral treatment of live B. intestinihominis (LBI) considerably ameliorates hyperglycemia and liver metabolic disorders in HFD/STZ‐induced T2D models and db/db mice. LBI‐derived acetate has similar protective effects against T2D. Mechanistically, acetate enhances fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) through inhibition of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) to increase H3K27 acetylation at the FGF21 promoter. The screening puerarin from Gegen Qinlian decoction in a gut microbiota‐dependent manner improved hyperglycemia and liver metabolic disorders by promoting the growth of B. intestinihominis. This study suggests that gut commensal B. intestinihominis and puerarin, respectively have the potential as a probiotic and prebiotic in the treatment of T2D.
Recent Advances in Enzyme‐Activated Dual‐Locked Probes for Biological Applications
Authors: Li Yanhua , Jiang Gangwei , Zhou Junliang , Shi Ling , Yuan Lin
Published: January 2025

Enzymes catalyze reactions involved in diverse physiological, pathological, and pharmacological processes. By employing the optical probe, fluorescence imaging enables non‐invasive, real‐time detection and assessment of disease states based on enzymatic activity. However, most enzyme‐activated probes are single‐locked probes that respond to a single biomarker. In comparison to single‐locked probes, enzyme‐activated dual‐locked probes can effectively minimize the occurrence of false‐positive signals, circumvent the problem of low specificity associated with biologically active substances, and facilitate precise imaging. This review systematically summarizes the design and application of dual‐locked probes in disease diagnosis, with the aim of providing inspiration for researchers in the field.
Genetic Insights Into the Role of Cathepsins in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Jiang Yanhong , Fan Wenhui , Li Yaxin , Xue Hua
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous studies have confirmed the significant role of cathepsins in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to determine whether genetically predicted 10 cathepsins may have a causal effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Methods

We conducted a two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study using publicly available data from genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to assess the causal associations between 10 cathepsins and three neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, PD, and ALS. We employed the following methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR‐Egger, and weighted median (WM). The results were further validated using sensitivity analysis.

Results

The forward MR analysis results indicate that elevated cathepsin H levels increase the risk of AD (p = 0.005, odds ratio [OR] = 1.040, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.011–1.069), elevated cathepsin B levels decrease the risk of PD (p < 0.001, OR = 0.890, 95% CI = 0.831–0.954), and no significant association was found between cathepsin levels and ALS. Reverse MR analysis suggests that there is no causal association between 10 cathepsins and three neurodegenerative diseases.

Conclusion

Our study provides new genetic insights into the role of cathepsin H in AD and cathepsin B in PD. However, our findings need to be further validated in a wider population, and future research should explore the potential mechanisms of cathepsins in these diseases in order to provide a basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
The Health‐Related Quality of Life Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on People Living with Multiple Sclerosis and the General Population: A Comparative Study Utilizing the EQ‐5D‐5L with Psychosocial Bolt‐Ons
Authors: Henson Glen J. , van der Mei Ingrid , Taylor Bruce V. , Claflin Suzi B. , Palmer Andrew J. , Chen Gang , Campbell Julie A.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Studies have shown that people living with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) were substantially impacted by the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, no study has compared the overall health‐related quality of life impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on PwMS and the general population. Differences would have implications for crises/pandemic management policies. This study aimed to compare the prevalence and health‐related quality of life impact of COVID‐19‐related adversity (such as deteriorations in mental or physical health) in PwMS and the general population.

Methods

Cross‐sectional data were obtained from the How Is Your Life Australian general population study (comprising subsamples with and without chronic disease) and the Australian MS Longitudinal Study from August to October 2020. Health‐related quality of life was measured using health state utilities (HSUs; represented on a 0 [death] to 1 [full health] scale) generated by the EQ‐5D‐5L‐Psychosocial. COVID‐19‐related adversity was measured via specialized survey items. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses were conducted.

Results

A total of 1020 general population individuals and 1635 MS participants entered the study (mean age 52.4 and 58.4; female 52.4% and 80.2%, respectively). COVID‐19‐related adversity prevalence was higher among PwMS compared to the general population with and without chronic diseases (PR: 1.430 [CI: 1.153, 1.774] and PR: 1.90 [CI: 1.56, 2.32], respectively). However, the HSU impact of COVID‐19‐related adversity was not dependent on disease status (p > 0.20, test for interaction).

Conclusion

This study found that PwMS were more likely to experience COVID‐19‐related adversity compared to the general population, though the health‐related quality‐of‐life impact was similar. This demonstrates that PwMS require additional support during national and global crises.
Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Its Subtypes Using MRI and Machine Learning
Authors: Tavakoli Hosna , Rostami Reza , Shalbaf Reza , Nazem‐Zadeh Mohammad‐Reza
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The neurobiological heterogeneity present in schizophrenia remains poorly understood. This likely contributes to the limited success of existing treatments and the observed variability in treatment responses. Our objective was to employ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms to improve the classification of schizophrenia and its subtypes.

Method

We utilized a public dataset provided by the UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Research, containing structural MRI and resting‐state fMRI (rsfMRI) data. We integrated all individuals within the dataset diagnosed with schizophrenia (N = 50), along with age‐ and gender‐matched healthy individuals (N = 50). We extracted volumetrics of 66 subcortical and thickness of 72 cortical regions. Additionally, we obtained four graph‐based measures for 116 intracranial regions from rsfMRI data, including degree, betweenness centrality, participation coefficient, and local efficiency. Employing conventional ML methods, we sought to distinguish the patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals. Furthermore, we applied the methods for discriminating subtypes of schizophrenia. To streamline the feature set, various feature selection techniques were applied. Moreover, a validation phase involved employing the model on a dataset domestically acquired using the same imaging assessments (N = 13). Finally, we explored the correlation between neuroimaging features and behavioral assessments.

Finding

The classification accuracy reached as high as 79% in distinguishing schizophrenia patients from healthy in the UCLA dataset. This result was achieved by the k‐nearest neighbor algorithm, utilizing 12 brain neuroimaging features, selected by the feature selection method of minimum redundancy maximum relevance (MRMR). The model demonstrated effectiveness (72% accuracy) in estimating the patient's label for a new dataset acquired domestically. Using a linear support vector machine (SVM) on 62 features obtained from MRMR, patients with schizophrenic subtypes were classified with an accuracy of 64%. The highest Spearman correlation coefficient between the neuroimaging features and behavioral assessments was observed between the degree of the postcentral gyrus and mean reaction time in the verbal capacity task (r = 0.49, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this study underscore the utility of MRI and ML algorithms in enhancing the diagnostic process for schizophrenia. Furthermore, these methods hold promise for detecting both brain‐related abnormalities and cognitive impairments associated with this disorder.
Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: From Genetics to Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Deng Jianwen , Sun Weiping , Wang Zhaoxia
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a type of cerebrovascular abnormality in the central nervous system linked to both germline and somatic genetic mutations. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that various drugs can effectively reduce the burden of CCM lesions. Despite significant progress, the mechanisms driving CCM remain incompletely understood, and to date, no drugs have been developed that can cure or prevent CCM. This review aims to explore the genetic mutations, molecular mechanisms, and pharmacological interventions related to CCM.

Methods

Literatures on the genetic mechanisms and pharmacological treatments of CCM can be searched in PubMed and Web of Science.

Results

Germline and somatic mutations mediate the onset and development of CCM through several molecular pathways. Medications such as statins, fasudil, rapamycin, and propranolol can alleviate CCM symptoms or hinder its progression by specifically modulating the corresponding targets.

Conclusions

Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying CCM offers potential for targeted therapies. Further research into novel mutations and treatment strategies is essential for improving patient outcomes.
The Effects of Neuroinflammation Induced by Typhoid Vaccine on Resting and Task‐Based Electroencephalography
Authors: Plank Julia R , Chen Joseph CC , Sundram Frederick , Hoeh Nicholas , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh , Lin Joanne C
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Considerable evidence suggests a pathophysiological role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders. Lumbar puncture and positron emission tomography (PET) show increased levels of inflammation in psychiatric disorders. However, the invasive nature of these techniques, as well as their expense, make them undesirable for routine use in patients. Electroencephalography (EEG) is noninvasive, affordable and shows potential as a clinical tool for detection of neuroinflammation.

Methods

In this randomized, crossover design, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study, typhoid vaccine was administered to 20 healthy volunteers to induce a low level of neuroinflammation. EEG was recorded before and after placebo/vaccine administration during resting‐state and during performance of the Attention Network Test (ANT). Resting‐state EEG was analyzed using spectral power analysis, and time–frequency analysis was used for the EEG from the ANT. Behavioral data were assessed using linear mixed models and Spearman's correlations.

Results

Behavioral results from the ANT showed no decrement in performance following the vaccine, consistent with previous studies. During eyes‐open resting, there was a relative decrease in right‐frontal delta power in the vaccine condition compared to placebo. There was a trend toward greater alpha power suppression in the alerting response of the attentional network; however, this finding did not reach significance.

Conclusion

Decreased resting‐state delta power may reflect an unpleasant internal state conferred by the vaccine. Inflammation did not significantly affect attention networks. The absence of significant alterations may be due to an insufficient inflammatory response. Further studies are needed to assess the feasibility of EEG as a technique for detection of neuroinflammation.
Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Survival Outcomes in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: Results From the NIFTY Trial
Authors: Lee So Heun , Cheon Jaekyung , Kim Ilhwan , Kim Kyu‐pyo , Ryoo Baek‐Yeol , Jeong Jae Ho , Kang Myoung Joo , Kang Byung Woog , Ryu Hyewon , Lee Ji Sung , Yoo Changhoon
Published: January 2025

Background

Numerous studies have explored the role of vitamin D in various cancers; however, its impact on advanced biliary tract cancers (BTC) within a prospective cohort remains to be investigated. This preplanned subgroup analysis of the NIFTY trial evaluated the prognostic implications of serum vitamin D levels in patients with advanced BTC undergoing second‐line chemotherapy.

Methods

From the 174 patients in the NIFTY trial, a total of 173 patients (99.4%) were included in this analysis comparing a liposomal irinotecan plus 5‐FU/leucovorin group (n = 87) and a 5‐FU/leucovorin alone group (n = 86). Baseline serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, an indicator of vitamin D status, were analyzed for their association with baseline characteristics and overall survival (OS) in patients undergoing second‐line chemotherapy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression and a restricted cubic spline function were used to assess the association with OS.

Results

There were no significant associations between baseline characteristics and serum 25(OH)D levels. Baseline serum 25(OH)D levels were not associated with OS in either the multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression or restricted cubic spline analysis. In the subgroup analysis, however, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with poorer OS in female patients, while no significant association was observed in male patients, indicating a significant interaction by sex. Additionally, a marginally significant interaction was observed between body mass index and serum 25(OH)D levels for OS, with higher levels associated with better OS in patients who were underweight.

Conclusions

Our preplanned subgroup analysis of the NIFTY trial indicates that the serum 25(OH)D levels did not have a significant effect on OS in the overall patient population with advanced BTC. However, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with worse OS in female patients, underscoring the need for further investigation into the role of vitamin D in BTC.
Electronic‐Enriched Ru on Boron Nitride Enabled Efficient Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenolysis of Lignin Models
Authors: Liang Jinpeng , Xiao Chenglei , Cai Zhaoxi , Liang Kongqian , Pang Yayun , Liu Zhonghai , Song Jinliang
Published: January 2025

Catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis (CTH) of aromatic ether bonds provides a promising strategy for sustainably converting lignin into useful chemicals. Design of innovative catalysts with high activity is the key for this route. Herein, we constructed the hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN)‐supported Ru nanoparticles (Ru/h‐BN) as the heterogeneous catalyst for the CTH of aromatic ether bonds. Notably, the fabricated Ru/h‐BN catalyst could efficiently catalyze CTH of various types of aromatic ether bonds contained in lignin (i.e., 4‐O‐5, α‐O‐4, β‐O‐4, and aryl‐O‐CH3) employing 2‐propanol as the hydrogen resource without using extra acidic or basic additives. Besides, the Ru/h‐BN catalyst demonstrated superior performance compared to commercial Ru/C. Systematic investigation revealed that electron‐enriched Ru sites and the B atoms on h‐BN collaboratively promoted the CTH reaction. Besides, a mechanism study indicated that the direct cleavage of aromatic ether bonds was the primary reaction pathway over Ru/h‐BN.
Liposomal mitoxantrone monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory mature T‐cell and natural killer‐cell neoplasms: A phase 2, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm trial
Authors: Gao Yan , Huang Yunhong , Zhang Qingyuan , Yang Haiyan , Li Yufu , Li Yan , Zhou Min , Yang Runxiang , Xu Bing , Liu Lihong , Yang Yu , Peng Zhigang , Yu Ding , Zhou Hui , Zhang Rongyan , Zhang Huilai , Qi Junyuan , Xi Yaming , Xing Xiaojing , Wang Zhao , Jing Hongmei , Shuang Yuerong , Zhang Xiaohong , Ma Liping , Jin Hongyan , Lin Li’e , Li Chunlei , Xue Jianfei , Liu Yanping , Yuan Jing , Huang Huiqiang
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The prognosis of relapsed or refractory mature T‐ and natural killer (NK)‐cell lymphoma remains dismal. Novel agents are urgently needed to improve the outcomes for this population.

Methods

In this phase 2, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study (NCT03776279), the authors report the efficacy and safety of liposomal mitoxantrone (Lipo‐MIT) monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory mature T‐ and NK‐cell lymphoma. Lipo‐MIT was administered intravenously at 20 mg/m2 once every 4 weeks. The primary end points were the objective response rate (ORR) determined by the independent review committee (IRC) and investigators. Secondary end points included duration of response (DoR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.

Results

From April 26, 2018, to August 10, 2022, 108 eligible patients were enrolled and treated at 26 study centers in China. The ORRs were 41.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.3–51.5%) per IRC and 46.3% (95% CI, 36.7%–56.2%) per investigators; 25 (23.1%) and 15 (13.9%) patients, respectively, achieved complete response. With a median follow‐up of 29.5 months, median PFS per IRC was 8.5 months (95% CI, 6.0–11.9); median OS was 23.3 months (95% CI, 12.0–not evaluable); median DoR per IRC was not reached. The most frequent treatment‐emergent adverse events were decreased white blood cell count (75, 69.4%), decreased neutrophil count (73, 67.6%), and decreased platelet count (47, 43.5%).

Conclusions

Lipo‐MIT monotherapy showed robust and durable antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile, representing a new therapeutic option in relapsed or refractory mature T‐ and NK‐cell lymphoma.
A trial of radiolabeled antibody yttrium‐90–FF‐21101 for the treatment of advanced ovarian and other cancers
Authors: Mahalingam Devalingam , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Delpassand Ebrahim , Mulcahy Mary F. , Kalyan Aparna , Ulahannan Susanna , Cheung Kin , Izumi Yasayuki , Johansen Mary , Madden Timothy , Shimoyama Susumu , Subach Ruth Ann , Suzuki Takeaki , Wages David S. , Wheeler Catherine , Richardson Debra L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Yttrium‐90 FF‐21101 (90Y–FF‐21101) is a radiopharmaceutical that targets P‐cadherin as a therapy against solid tumors. A previously reported, first‐in‐human study determined that a dose of 25 mCi/m2 was safe, and a patient with clear cell carcinoma of the ovary achieved a complete response. In this article, the authors report the results of 90Y–FF‐21101 treatment in an ovarian carcinoma expansion cohort and in patients with selected solid tumors who had known high P‐cadherin expression.

Methods

The trial was conducted as an open‐label study in patients with advanced/metastatic disease. Radiologic response and safety were evaluated in patients who received 25 mCi/m2 intravenously once every three cycles of 28 days until they developed progressive disease. Evaluation of the ovarian cohort was conducted in a Simon two‐stage manner to determine further enrollment.

Results

Fifty‐seven patients (20 with ovarian carcinoma) were enrolled and treated. Patients who had ovarian and solid tumors had received a median of five and three prior therapies, respectively. No complete or partial responses were observed, so the trial was ended. The median progression‐free survival was 118 days for the ovarian cohort and 55 days for the solid‐tumor cohort. The most common treatment‐related adverse events were thrombocytopenia (40%) and neutropenia (54%). One patient each developed fatal veno‐occlusive disease and intracranial hemorrhage. Patients with higher P‐cadherin levels remained on the study longer.

Conclusions

90Y–FF‐21101 did not meet the predefined efficacy criteria, and adverse events were consistent with 90Y agents. These data may assist in the development of other P‐cadherin–directed therapies (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02454010).
Alternate definitions of adverse pathology to predict a very high risk of metastasis in men with intermediate‐ and low‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: Castaneda Peris , Kuhlmann Paige K. , Ithisuphalap Jaruda , Howard Lauren E. , Klaassen Zachary , Rivera Lourdes Guerrios , Amling Christopher L. , Aronson William J. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Kane Christopher J. , Terris Martha K. , Freedland Stephen J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Adverse pathology (AP) is often used as an intermediate end point for long‐term outcomes in men with prostate cancer (PCa) who are active surveillance candidates. The association between a commonly used AP definition and long‐term outcomes was tested, which identified definitions more strongly linked to a high risk of metastasis.

Methods

Data were reviewed from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital cohort of men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) from 1988 to 2020 at nine Veterans Affairs hospitals. Men meeting National Comprehensive Cancer Network low‐risk and favorable intermediate‐risk criteria were included. Men with and without AP were compared; men with AP were defined as having grade groups 3–5 or pathological stage ≥pT3a or pN1 at RP (definition 1). Sensitivity analyses were performed for six alternative definitions (definitions 2–7) and their association with biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastasis, PCa‐specific mortality (PCSM), and castrate‐resistant PCa (CRPC).

Results

A total of 2175 men were included: 711 had AP by definition 1. In univariable analyses, all AP definitions were associated with the risk of BCR, metastasis, and PCSM. All but one definition were associated with CRPC. In definitions 1–6, the 10‐year event rate for metastasis in those with AP ranged from 3.0% (definition 1) to 7.9% (definition 5). Only in definition 7 was the 10‐year event rate for metastasis >10%. However, only 0.5% of patients (11 of 2175) met definition 7.

Conclusions

AP was statistically associated with relatively worse outcomes. However, in all but the most stringent definitions, met by <1% of patients, the absolute event rate of metastasis in men with AP was low. This challenges the clinical usefulness of AP as an intermediate end point in men with intermediate‐ to low‐risk PCa.
Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Moderates the Association Between Birth Weight and EEG Power in Healthy Term‐Age Newborns
Authors: Shuffrey Lauren C. , Pini Nicolò , Mei Han , Rodriguez Cynthia , Gimenez Lissete A. , Barbosa Jennifer R. , Rodriguez Daianna J. , Rayport Yael , Sania Ayesha , Monk Catherine , Fifer William P.
Published: January 2025

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects around 10% of pregnancies in the United States and has been linked to neurodevelopmental sequelae in children. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating early‐life neural markers in GDM‐exposed infants. This study examined the association of GDM with relative EEG power among healthy term‐age neonates collected during natural sleep. Participants included a diverse cohort of 101 mothers (45% multiracial, 25% Black, and 69% Hispanic or Latina) and their infants (gestational age at birth Mage = 39.0 ± 0.95; 46.5% female). We did not observe the main effect of GDM on infant relative EEG power. Our post hoc analyses revealed a significant interaction effect between GDM and infant birth weight on relative EEG power in active sleep. Among GDM‐exposed neonates, increased birth weight was associated with increased relative theta EEG power and decreased relative beta and gamma EEG power across multiple electrode regions. Among non‐GDM‐exposed infants, increased birth weight was associated with decreased relative theta EEG power and increased relative beta and gamma EEG power across multiple electrode regions. Our findings suggest that alterations in fetal growth may serve as either an indirect marker or pathway through which GDM influences the developing fetal brain.
Association of Sudomotor Dysfunction With Risk of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wang Ming , Lu Jingyi , Zhu Wei , Ni Jiaying , Wang Yaxin , Yu Jiamin , Zhao Weijing , Du Ronghui , Zhou Jian
Published: January 2025

Objective

Previous studies suggested that sudomotor dysfunction is closely related to multiple diabetic microvascular complications. We aimed to investigate the association between sudomotor dysfunction and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCAS) in people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A total of 1788 participants were included in this cross‐sectional study. Sudomotor function was assessed using the SUDOSCAN device, and sudomotor dysfunction was defined as feet electrochemical skin conductance (FESC) < 60 μs. The carotid artery was evaluated by high‐resolution B‐mode ultrasonography. SCAS was defined as mean carotid intima‐media thickness ≥ 1.0 mm and/or the presence of carotid plaque. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between sudomotor dysfunction and the risk of SCAS.

Results

Among the enrolled 1788 participants, 1094 (61.2%) were male. The median age was 60.0 (51.0–66.0) years, and the median glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level was 8.3% (7.1%–9.9%). Four hundred twenty‐nine individuals had sudomotor dysfunction, equivalent to 24.0% of all subjects. Compared to people with normal sudomotor function, those with sudomotor dysfunction had a significantly higher prevalence of SCAS (68.1% vs. 58.3%, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, we found that people with SCAS had a lower median FESC level (76.8 μs vs. 74.4 μs) (p = 0.003) and a higher proportion of abnormal sudomotor function (26.9% vs. 19.5%) (p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors including HbA1c, sudomotor dysfunction was significantly associated with the risk of SCAS (odd ratio [OR] = 1.48, 95%CI 1.13–1.95). Furthermore, When FESC was considered as a continuous variable, the multivariable‐adjusted OR of SCAS was 1.17 (95%CI 1.04–1.32) for per 1‐SD decrease in FESC.

Conclusions

Sudomotor dysfunction was significantly related to SCAS in people with type 2 diabetes.
馬酔木中毒の1例(Pieris japonica poisoning: A case report)
Authors: 真由子 長田 , 孝昭 丸橋 , 久仁子 吉村 , 真里奈 大井 , 真由美 石塚 , 良徳 池中 , 靖 浅利
Published: January 2025

馬酔木は有毒物質であるgrayanotoxin（GTX）を含有し，摂取により中毒症状を来す。GTX類は電位依存性Na+チャネルの持続開放による膜の持続的脱分極によりジギタリス中毒に似た症状を呈する。重症例では昇圧剤や一時的経静脈的ペースメーカーの挿入が必要となる可能性がある。本邦の中毒症例報告は家畜がほとんどで，ヒトでの報告例はない。症例は59歳の女性。馬酔木の経口摂取により，下痢，嘔吐，心窩部不快感，眩暈，黄視症で救急搬送された。初診時，血圧60/40mmHg，脈拍数46/分と徐脈・低血圧を呈していた。大量輸液により速やかに循環動態は改善し，胃内容物吸引と活性炭投与を行い経過観察のため入院した。入院後症状の増悪や再燃はなく第2病日に退院した。初診時の尿と胃内容物の生体試料分析を行ったが，いずれもGTX濃度は感度以下であった。このように，GTXは代謝が早く生体試料分析は臨床的重症度を必ずしも反映しない。報告例は少ないが，馬酔木は身近に広く自生しているため，その中毒作用について留意する必要がある。
Trophic level influences larval Shortbelly Rockfish development
Authors: Kwan Garfield T. , Walsh Kamran A. , Thompson Andrew R. , Ben-Aderet Noah J. , Fennie H. William , Semmens Brice X. , Swalethorp Rasmus
Published: January 2025

Abstractr

Objective

Early life success of fishes is considered one of the most important drivers of recruitment to adult populations, and elucidating the governing mechanisms is important for management efforts. Many hypotheses over the past century have been proposed to explain recruitment fluctuation, with the recently postulated Trophic Efficiency in Early Life (TEEL) hypothesis arguing that a shorter food chain length equals greater energy transfer efficiency from primary producers to larval fishes, thereby reducing early-life mortality and ultimately leading to stronger recruitment. Under TEEL it would then be assumed that feeding low in the food chain would improve growth and body condition, as these are often shown to be associated with increased survival in larval fishes. The objective of this study was to test this aspect of the TEEL hypothesis by quantifying condition, growth, and trophic level of larval Shortbelly Rockfish Sebastes jordani collected by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations program and archived at the Ichthyoplankton Collection.

Methods

The trophic level on larval Shortbelly Rockfish was assessed with compound-specific isotopic analysis of amino acids. Their size at age and survival were estimated with otolith microstructure. Their diet was examined through stomach content analysis.

Result

Observations indicate that larvae consuming prey at a lower trophic level have greater body weight and exhibit faster growth rates. However, feeding at a lower trophic level did not influence body length. The ingested prey responsible for the lower trophic level within larval rockfish could not be determined.

Conclusion

Larval Shortbelly Rockfish consuming prey at a lower trophic level garnered greater body weight and exhibited faster growth rates and provides support for the TEEL hypothesis. However, further research is needed to identify the preferred prey(s) responsible for the more efficient energy transfer.
A SARS‐CoV‐2 EG.5 mRNA vaccine induces a broad‐spectrum immune response in mice
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Peng Qinhua , Dai Xinxian , Ying Zhifang , Wu Xiaohong , Liu Xinyu , Xu Hongshan , Li Jia , Shi Leitai , Liu Jingjing , Wang Yunpeng , Zhao Danhua , Huang Yanqiu , Yang Lihong , Yang Ren , Yue Guangzhi , Suo Yue , Ye Qiang , Cao Shouchun , Li Yuhua
Published: January 2025

The emerging of emergent SARS‐CoV‐2 subvariants has reduced the protective efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines. Therefore, novel COVID‐19 vaccines targeting these emergent variants are needed. We designed and prepared CoV072, an mRNA‐based vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron (EG.5) and other emergent SARS‐CoV‐2 subvariants that encodes the EG.5 spike protein. Six‐week‐old female BALB/C mice were used to assess humoral and cellular immune responses and cross‐reactive neutralizing activity against various SARS‐CoV‐2 subvariants. Meanwhile different immunization strategies and doses were performed to detect the immunogenicity of this mRNA vaccine. Our results show that two doses of 5 µg CoV072 or a single dose of 15 µg CoV072 both induced broad‐spectrum cross‐protection ability in mice. Compared with a single dose of 15 µg CoV072, two doses of 5 µg COV072 exhibited higher levels of pseudovirus neutralizing antibody (PNAb) and cross‐reactive IgG responses to multiple variants. Moreover, higher levels of neutralizing antibody (NAb) against live XBB and EG.5 variants were also induced. Th1‐biased cellular immune response was induced in all vaccination groups. The antigen design and immunization strategy of this study have reference significance for the research of the next generation of COVID‐19 vaccine and other vaccines.
Bioelectrical‐Impedance‐Analysis in the Perioperative Nutritional Assessment and Prediction of Complications in Head‐and‐Neck Malignancies
Authors: Lai Yi Ting , Peh Hui Yee , Binte Abdul Kadir Hanis , Lee Chun Fan , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Wong Ting Hway , Tay Gerald Ci An
Published: January 2025

Objective

Identification of patients with head‐and‐neck malignancies who are especially vulnerable to malnutrition is critical for optimizing outcomes. The objectives are; to correlate Bioelectrical‐impendence‐analysis (BIA) parameters with Subjective‐Global‐Assessment (SGA) scores, and determine the association of BIA parameters with common perioperative complications in patients undergoing head‐and‐neck surgery.

Study Design

Patients underwent formal SGA scoring and BIA preoperatively in a multidisciplinary allied health clinic.

Settings

This is a cohort study of 61 patients with head‐and‐neck malignancies who were admitted for elective surgery from 2018 to 2019 in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.

Methods

BIA was performed using the Bodystat Quadscan 4000. Kruskal‐Wallis rank sum tests and were performed for associations between SGA and BIA parameters. Wilcoxon rank sum tests and multivariable logistic regression models (Firth's bias reduction method) were performed to evaluate associations between BIA parameters and perioperative complications. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for determination of optimal cut‐off values of phase angle and Wellness marker in detecting malnutrition and perioperative pneumonia using Youden's‐Index (YI).

Results

45 males and 16 females with median age of 62 were included in the study. Significant differences were observed in Wellness Marker (P = .006) and phase angle (P = .008) among patients in the 3 SGA categories. The Wellness Marker (P = .02) was associated with perioperative pneumonia in the univariate analysis. No significant differences were observed for other perioperative complications studied.

Conclusion

BIA shows promise as a preoperative tool, in conjunction with SGA, to detect malnutrition in patients undergoing surgery for head‐and‐neck malignancies and highlight patients at risk of developing perioperative pneumonia.
Aerodigestive Sequelae and Triple Endoscopy after Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair in Children
Authors: Jin Whitney , Chiou Eric H. , Das Shailendra , Hosek Kathleen E. , Lambert Elton M.
Published: January 2025

Children post‐tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) repair may present with chronic respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms that can affect quality of life.

Objective

To identify factors associated with positive findings on triple endoscopy following neonatal TEF repair.

Study Design

Case series with retrospective review of patients.

Setting

Tertiary care center aerodigestive program.

Methods

Children with neonatally repaired congenital TEF who had a triple endoscopy between 2011 and 2022 were reviewed. The presence of chronic cough, recurrent pulmonary infections, lipid‐laden macrophages (LLM), and airway and esophageal anomalies were among the variables analyzed. Chi‐square and Kruskal‐Wallis univariate analysis was performed.

Results

The mean age was 4.28 ± 4.65 years old, and the most common type of TEF repaired was type C (78%). Within our cohort, 87% of patients had GERD, 60% of patients had prior esophageal dilations, and 84% of patients had tracheomalacia. Thirty‐one (46.3%) patients had laryngeal cleft, of which 77.4% had a history of prior esophageal dilations (P = .01). Twenty‐one (33.9%) patients had tracheal diverticulum on bronchoscopy, which was associated with chronic cough, stridor, and coughing with feeds. Patients with positive LLM on BAL were associated with presentation of chronic cough and stridor (P = .03). Recurrent TEF was associated with chronic cough. Subglottic stenosis was associated with a history of prolonged intubation (P < .05).

Conclusion

Chronic cough was frequently reported and associated with tracheal diverticulum, recurrent TEF, and positive LLM findings on triple endoscopy in patients after congenital TEF repair. Patients presenting with chronic cough and stridor following congenital TEF repair may benefit from a multidisciplinary evaluation.
2024: a veterinary year in review
Authors: Clark Kathryn
Published: January 2025

While a new government may have brought changes in all sectors in 2024, the veterinary world had its own challenges and opportunities. From an investigation into the veterinary services market for pets to livestock diseases and governance reform, 2024 was far from quiet. Kathryn Clark reports.
Fascination with hustle and bustle of the front desk leads to receptionist role
Authors: Hudson Louise
Published: January 2025

Louise Hudson began as a cleaner in the veterinary practice where she is now head veterinary receptionist. Here she describes how her role has expanded, providing many exciting opportunities.
The Effect of Clostridium butyricum‐Derived Lipoteichoic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide‐Stimulated Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Chen Qu , Ma Lingyan , Wen Yang , Lyu Wentao , Yu Minjie , Yang Hua , Xiao Yingping
Published: January 2025

Background

Clostridium butyricum is a probiotic widely used in animal husbandry, and there is evidence to suggest that it can alleviate intestinal inflammation in pigs and may be related to its lipoteichoic acid (LTA), but the mechanism is still unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the regulatory effect and potential mechanism of C. butyricum LTA on LPS‐stimulated inflammation in intestinal porcine epithelial line‐J2 (IPEC‐J2).

Methods

IPEC‐J2 cells were treated with LPS and different concentrations of LTA (0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 mM). After treatment of 0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 h, the cell culture media were collected for the measurement of TNF‐α and IL‐10 by using ELISA kits, and the cells were collected for RT‐qPCR and Western blotting detections. Further elucidating the pathway of LTA regulating IL‐10 and TNF‐α gene expression by inhibiting key proteins in the toll‐like receptor pathway with antagonists C34, PDTC, SB230580 and U0126.

Results

High‐dose LTA significantly promoted the secretion of the anti‐inflammatory factor IL‐10 in IPEC‐J2 cells, and inhibited the expression and secretion of pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α in the short term. LTA inhibited the gene expression of TLR4 in LPS‐stimulated cells and reduced the protein phosphorylation levels of p38, ERK1/2 and p65. The inhibition of TLR4, p38, ERK1/2 and p65 reduced the TNF‐α gene expression caused by LPS; LTA increased TLR2 gene expression, inhibition of p38, ERK and p65 rather than TLR4 reduced the IL‐10 gene expression.

Conclusion

Our study found that C. butyricum LTA was an important component of C. butyricum regulating the inflammatory response of IPEC‐J2 cells. LTA mainly reduced the expression of TNF‐α by inhibiting TLR4, while stimulating TLR2 increased the expression of IL‐10. Downstream p65, p38 and ERK1/2 were involved in regulating both TNF‐α and IL‐10. However, TLR4 was only related to the increase in TNF‐α caused by LPS and not to the increase in IL‐10 caused by LTA. Our work supplemented the probiotic mechanism of C. butyricum and provided a theoretical basis for the application of C. butyricum LTA.
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation, Marshes, and Mangroves
Authors: Capistrant-Fossa Kyle A. , Batterton Berit E. , Dunton Kenneth H.
Published: January 2025

The intertidal and subtidal wetlands of vascular vegetation on the Texas coast are among the most diverse flora of any coastal state in the United States. Marsh, mangrove, and seagrass distributional patterns reflect the unique latitudinal gradient in rainfall from the wet Sabine-Neches estuary to the arid Lower Laguna Madre, in which precipitation decreases by over 50% over Texas’ 5400 km coastline. The estuarine vegetation changes predictably in response to increasing salinity, from brackish emergent marsh systems in the north, to mixed mangrove-marsh assemblages on the central coast, to hypersaline systems dominated by submerged seagrasses and wind-tidal flats in the south. These foundation species are largely responsible for the enormous secondary productivity of the Texas coastal system as reflected in strong fisheries that include many estuarine dependent species, from oysters to redfish. These vegetated habitats are also critical to the amazing resilience of the Texas coastal zone to storms and other natural disturbances. In this chapter, we describe vegetative spatial distributions in relation to freshwater inflow and the role of nutrients, light, and soils on plant productivity and carbon sequestration. Special emphasis is placed on the value of wetlands as long-term integrators of regional climate, sea level rise, nutrient loading, and salinity.
Effect of Freshwater Inflow on Benthic Infauna
Authors: Montagna Paul A. , Kalke Richard D. , Hyde Larry J.
Published: January 2025

Benthic organisms are ideal bioindicators of freshwater inflow effects in bays and estuaries because they are fixed in space and integrate ephemeral processes in the overlying water column over long periods of time. Freshwater inflow regulates water quality, which drives benthic abundance, productivity, diversity, and community structure. Texas estuaries have different long-term characteristic fauna that reflect the long-term average salinity and sediment conditions in each bay system. Within estuary systems, the secondary bays have distinct communities compared to the primary bays because secondary bays are closer to freshwater inflow sources and are more oligohaline and/or brackish in nature than primary bays that are more marine influenced. Similar responses occur within bay types over time when conditions change with droughts, floods, freezes, and major events, such as hurricanes. Bioindicators of freshwater inflow effects include four dominant species: the polychaetes, Mediomastus ambiseta, and Streblospio benedicti; the bivalve Mulinia lateralis; and the amphipod Ampelisca abdita. Each of these species is primarily found in secondary bays with similar salinities where abundances are higher than in primary bays. Because of the relationship between prevailing salinity conditions and benthos community structure, assessment of benthic conditions can be used to determine if a “sound ecological environment” exists in a given bay system.