bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of volatile compounds in pork from four different pig breeds using headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Guoshun , Su Yingyu , He Lianghong , Wu Hongbin , Shui Shengzhang
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The volatile compounds that contribute to the flavor of pork are unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the differences in volatile compounds from pork meats of four different pig breeds using headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction (HS‐SPME)/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS).

Methods

Piglets from four breeds (8/breed) (crossbred Ziwuling Sus scrofa [SUS] and purebreds Bamei pig [BAM], American Yorkshire pig [YOK], and Hezuo pig [HZP]) were selected. Characteristics of meat were measured. HS‐SPME/GC‐MS were used to analyze the volatile compounds of the meats.

Results

The tenderness, taste, succulence, and broth flavor of the BAM and HZP were good. One hundred and eight volatile compounds with known molecular formulas were identified in BAM, 106 in SUS, 98 in YOK, and 98 in HZP. Sixty‐four common volatile compounds were found in all four breeds. The highest relative amount of volatile compounds was found in the BAM. The compounds which may contribute to the flavor of pork were 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 1‐nonanal, octanal, hexanal, 2‐pentyl‐furan, 1‐penten‐3‐one, N‐morpholinomethyl‐isopropyl‐sulfide, methyl butyrate, and (E,E)‐2, 4‐decadienal.

Conclusion

The volatile compounds in pork belong to several classes, and the highest relative amount of volatile compounds was found in BAM.
Biodegradable cell‐laden starch foams for the rapid fabrication of 3D tissue constructs and the application in neural tissue engineering
Authors: Wen Xiaoxiao , Shen Minjie , Bai Yanjie , Xu Changlu , Han Xinglong , Yang Huilin , Yang Lei
Published: March 2019

Cells encapsulation by biomaterials has been widely studied as a strategy of building tissue construct in tissue engineering. Conventional encapsulation of cells using hydrogels often needs the polymerization process or relatively complex molding process. In this study, we developed a facile strategy for the in situ fabrication of biodegradable cell‐laden starch foams. By utilizing the unique gelatinization property of starch, cell‐laden starch foams with tunable architecture were rapidly prepared in a green and biological‐friendly process. The bubble size and stiffness of starch foams could be tuned by controlling the content of premixed starch in the cell culture medium. Cells were encapsulated in situ during the foaming process, and the resultant starch foams could be used as building blocks to fabricate three‐dimensional tissue construct. The potential application of the cell‐laden starch foams in neural tissue engineering was also validated. RSC96 Schwann cells were encapsulated in the starch foams and revealed good viability. Due to the serum‐induced degradation of the starch, RSC96 Schwann cells could be released from the starch foams in a controlled manner while remaining high viability. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons co‐cultured with the cell‐laden starch foams extended significantly longer neurites compared with neurons cultured in minimum Eagle's medium (664.88 ± 190.39 μm vs. 311.19 ± 105.25 μm). DRG neurons retained high viability even after encapsulation in the starch foams for 3 days. This facile strategy of rapidly fabricating cell‐laden starch foams can be further extended to construct centimeter‐scale micro‐tissue for tissue engineering applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:104–116, 2020.
Targeting AMPK signaling pathway by natural products for treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications
Authors: Joshi Tanuj , Singh Amit Kumar , Haratipour Pouya , Sah Archana Negi , Pandey Abhay K. , Naseri Rozita , Juyal Vijay , Farzaei Mohammad H.
Published: March 2019

Diabetes affects a large population of the world. Lifestyle, obesity, dietary habits, and genetic factors contribute to this metabolic disease. A target pathway to control diabetes is the 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. AMPK is a heterotrimeric protein with α, β, and γ subunits. In several studies, AMPK activation enhanced glucose uptake into cells and inhibited intracellular glucose production. Impairment of AMPK activity is present in diabetes, according to some studies. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes, such as metformin, are also known to act through regulation of AMPK. Thus, drugs that activate and regulate AMPK are potential candidates for the treatment of diabetes. In addition, many patients encounter important adverse effects, like hypoglycemia, while using allopathic drugs. As a result, the investigation of plant‐derived natural drugs that lack adverse side effects and treat diabetes is necessary. Natural products like berberine, quercetin, resveratrol, and so forth have shown significant potential in regulating and activating the AMPK pathway which can lead to manage diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Cerebral folate deficiency: Analytical tests and differential diagnosis
Authors: Pope Simon , Artuch Rafael , Heales Simon , Rahman Shamima
Published: March 2019

Cerebral folate deficiency is typically defined as a deficiency of the major folate species 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the presence of normal peripheral total folate levels. However, it should be noted that cerebral folate deficiency is also often used to describe conditions where CSF 5‐MTHF is low, in the presence of low or undefined peripheral folate levels. Known defects of folate transport are deficiency of the proton coupled folate transporter, associated with systemic as well as cerebral folate deficiency, and deficiency of the folate receptor alpha, leading to an isolated cerebral folate deficiency associated with intractable seizures, developmental delay and/or regression, progressive ataxia and choreoathetoid movement disorders. Inborn errors of folate metabolism include deficiencies of the enzymes methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, dihydrofolate reductase and 5,10‐methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. Cerebral folate deficiency is potentially a treatable condition and so prompt recognition of these inborn errors and initiation of appropriate therapy is of paramount importance. Secondary cerebral folate deficiency may be observed in other inherited metabolic diseases, including disorders of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, serine deficiency, and pyridoxine dependent epilepsy. Other secondary causes of cerebral folate deficiency include the effects of drugs, immune response activation, toxic insults and oxidative stress. This review describes the absorption, transport and metabolism of folate within the body; analytical methods to measure folate species in blood, plasma and CSF; inherited and acquired causes of cerebral folate deficiency; and possible treatment options in those patients found to have cerebral folate deficiency.
Feasibility of coal combustion fly ash alone and in combination with gypsum and green manure for reclamation of degraded sodic soils of the Indo‐Gangetic Plains: A mechanism evaluation
Authors: Mishra V.K. , Jha S.K. , Damodaran T. , Singh Yash P. , Srivastava Shefali , Sharma D.K. , Prasad Janki
Published: March 2019

The disposal of coal combustion fly ash (FA) generated from thermal power plants is a worldwide problem. However, its low bulk density and presence of calcium and iron–aluminium sesquioxide make it a prospective ameliorant alternative to gypsum for amending degraded sodic soils. A field experiment consisting of eight treatments with variable doses of FA and gypsum along with green manure (GM) was conducted for evaluating the amelioration mechanism by measuring changes in pH, exchangeable sodium percentage, zeta (ζ) potential, and properties of meso‐aggregates (0.5–2.0 mm). The results showed that compared with control, FA significantly reduced ζ‐potential, bulk density, and pH. The GM with FA further decreased ζ‐potential and increased hydraulic conductivity. The hydrolysis of iron and aluminium sesquioxide, present in FA, functioned to lower soil pH, whereas the reduction in exchangeable sodium percentage is attributed to bioavailable Ca (27.4%). A lower FA application rate produced better crop yields. FA 2.5% (w/w) alone, compared to the FA 5% (w/w), resulted in higher yield of rice (1.96 tonnes ha−1), whereas 25% gypsum requirement (25GR) + FA 2.5% (w/w) and 25GR + FA 2.5% (w/w) + GM provided wheat yield on par with 50% gypsum requirement (50GR). The study identifies that where gypsum is scarce, the recommended amendment is 25GR + FA 2.5% or 25GR + FA 2.5% + GM when applied for sodic soil to achieve a similar yield response to standard 50GR. If gypsum is unavailable, a one‐time application of FA 2.5% (w/w) alone will improve the productivity of degraded sodic soils corresponding to more exchangeable calcium and organic carbon, which were found to be higher for meso‐aggregates (0.5–2.0 mm).
Uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 1 results in glycogen storage disease type III with profound growth retardation
Authors: Ponzi Emanuela , Alesi Viola , Lepri Francesca R. , Genovese Silvia , Loddo Sara , Mucciolo Mafalda , Novelli Antonio , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo , Maiorana Arianna
Published: March 2019

Background

Glycogen storage disease type III (GSDIII) is caused by mutations of AGL gene with debranching enzyme deficiency. Patients with GSDIII manifest fasting hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, hepatopathy, myopathy, and cardiomyopathy. We report on an 18‐year‐old boy with a profound growth retardation (<3 SD) besides typical clinical features of GSDIII, whereby endocrinological studies were negative.

Methods and Results

Molecular analysis of AGL gene revealed the homozygous reported variant c.3903_3904insA. Since discordant results from segregation studies showed the carrier status in one parent only, SNP array and short tandem repeats analyses were performed, revealing a paternal disomy of chromosome 1 (UPD1).

Conclusion

This study describes the first case of GSDIII resulting from UPD1. UPD can play an important role even in case of imprinted genes. DIRAS3 is a maternally imprinted tumor suppressor gene, located on chromosome 1p31, and implicated in growth and oncogenesis. It can be speculated that DIRAS3 overexpression might have a role in the severe short stature of our patient. The study emphasizes the importance of parental segregation analysis especially in patients with recessive conditions to look for specific genetic causes of disease and to estimate properly the risk of family recurrence.
A simple unsymmetric 4‐node 12‐DOF membrane element for the modified couple stress theory
Authors: Shang Yan , Qian Zheng‐Hua , Cen Song , Li Chen‐Feng
Published: March 2019

In this work, the recently proposed unsymmetric 4‐node 12‐DOF (degree‐of‐freedom) membrane element (Shang and Ouyang, Int J Numer Methods Eng 113(10): 1589‐1606, 2018), which has demonstrated excellent performance for the classical elastic problems, is further extended for the modified couple stress theory, to account for the size effect of materials. This is achieved via two formulation developments. Firstly, by using the penalty function method, the kinematic relations between the element's nodal drilling DOFs and the true physical rotations are enforced. Consequently, the continuity requirement for the modified couple stress theory is satisfied in weak sense, and the symmetric curvature test function can be easily derived from the gradients of the drilling DOFs. Secondly, the couple stress field that satisfies a priori the related equilibrium equations is adopted as the energy conjugate trial function to formulate the element for the modified couple stress theory. As demonstrated by a series of benchmark tests, the new element can efficiently capture the size‐dependent responses of materials and is robust to mesh distortions. Moreover, as the new element uses only three conventional DOFs per node, it can be readily incorporated into the standard finite element program framework and commonly available finite element programs.
Artifact on MR imaging by a dental magnetic attachment keeper: Preliminary study on a new keeper removable phantom
Authors: Ogura Ichiro , Sugawara Yoshihiro , Nagata Kazuhiro , Watanabe Mitsuhiro
Published: March 2019

Aims

Dental magnetic attachments with satisfactory retentive force and stability are now commercially available for dental treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate a new phantom for evaluation of the artifact on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging by a dental magnetic attachment keeper.

Material and Methods

We developed a new keeper removable phantom for evaluation of the artifact on MR imaging. A keeper was inserted in an acrylic pole in a PET bottle. The keeper from acrylic pole of the phantom was removable. The keeper with saline solution in the PET bottle with a head and neck coil underwent MR imaging at our university hospital. We measured the real size (unit: mm) of artifact of the phantom with the keeper using a DICOM viewer. Furthermore, the size of artifact of a patient's image with the same three keepers in the mouth was measured on the image using the DICOM viewer, too.

Results

In MR images of the phantom with a keeper, the maximum size of artifact on axial T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted and STIR images were 78 mm, 85 mm, and 67 mm, respectively. Regarding MR images of the patient with three keepers, the maximum size of artifact on axial T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted and STIR images were 106 mm, 111 mm and 100 mm, respectively.

Conclusions

We investigated a new keeper removable phantom for evaluation of the artifact on MR imaging. The phantom can be used to evaluate the artifact on MR imaging by a dental magnetic attachment keeper.
Neonatal epignathus in the oral and pharyngeal regions: A case report
Authors: Sugiyama Madoka , Kanke Kosuke , Suenaga Hideyuki , Isojima Tsuyoshi , Fujishiro Jun , Hoshi Kazuto
Published: March 2019

Congenital teratoma that arises in the oropharyngeal region is called epignathus. Here, we report a case in which large epignathus extending from the pharynx to the oral cavity was resected. A female fetus was found to have a mass extending on her face to the pharyngeal region during a sonographic examination performed at 33 weeks’ gestation. On the 9th day after birth, the tumor extending from the left nostril (10 cm) was excised by the pediatric surgeons. The residual tumor protruded from the oral cavity day by day. Pediatric and oral surgeons resected the tumor (14.5 cm). A bifid uvula was noted and submucosal cleft palate was suspected. No recurrence has been seen after 4 years’ follow‐up.
The Importance of Story Time for Brazilian Preservice Teachers
Authors: Peres Eliane
Published: March 2019

The author teaches a literacy course for preservice teachers, which they take during the first year of their four‐year course of study. One of the most important activities in the course is Story Time, which consists of the author reading a children's book to preservice teachers during every class, followed by a discussion of the story. After the read‐aloud, they write a reflection emphasizing their feelings and thoughts. The author's primary goal is to invite these future teachers to experience the literature, not just discuss it. The result is a lived experience, not only a theoretical discussion. As future teachers encounter Story Time, the author hopes they begin to realize how reading literature with students is an aesthetic experience that plays an important role in the development of their subjectivity and opens their minds to new sociability.
Three-loop Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian in 1+1 QED. Part I. Single fermion-loop part
Authors: Huet Idrish , de Traubenberg Michel Rausch , Schubert Christian
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We study the three-loop Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian in spinor quantum electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions. In this first part we calculate the one-fermion-loop contribution, applying both standard Feynman diagrams and the worldline formalism which leads to two different representations in terms of fourfold Schwinger-parameter integrals. Unlike the diagram calculation, the worldline approach allows one to combine the planar and the non-planar contributions to the Lagrangian. Our main interest is in the asymptotic behaviour of the weak-field expansion coefficients of this Lagrangian, for which a non-perturbative prediction has been obtained in previous work using worldline instantons and Borel analysis. We develop algorithms for the calculation of the weak-field expansion coefficients that, in principle, allow their calculation to arbitrary order. Here for the non-planar contribution we make essential use of the polynomial invariants of the dihedral group D
4 in Schwinger parameter space to keep the expressions manageable. As expected on general grounds, the coefficients are of the form r
1 + r
2
ζ
3 with rational numbers r
1, r
2. We compute the first two coefficients analytically, and four more by numerical integration.
Natural kinds and dispositions: a causal analysis
Authors: van Rooij Robert , Schulz Katrin
Published: March 2019

Objects have dispositions. Dispositions are normally analyzed by providing a meaning to disposition ascriptions like ‘This piece of salt is soluble’. Philosophers like Carnap, Goodman, Quine, Lewis and many others have proposed analyses of such disposition ascriptions. In this paper we will argue with Quine (‘Natural Kinds’, 1970) that the proper analysis of ascriptions of the form ‘xis disposed tom(when C)’, where ‘x’ denotes an object, ‘m’ a manifestation, and ‘C’ a condition, goes like this: (i) ‘xis of natural kindk’, and (ii) the generic ‘ks arem(when C)’ is true. For the analysis of the generic, we propose an analysis in terms of causal powers: ‘ks (when C) have the causal power tom’. The latter, in turn, is analyzed in a very precise way, making use of Pearl’s probabilistic graphical causal models. We will show how this natural kind-analysis improves on standard conditional analyses of dispositions by avoiding the standard counterexamples, and that it gives rise to precise observable criteria under which the disposition ascription is true.
Characterisation of the eddy dissipation model for the analysis of hydrogen-fuelled scramjets
Authors: Hoste J.J.O.E , Fossati M. , Taylor I.J. , Gollan R.J.
Published: March 2019

The eddy dissipation model (EDM) is analysed with respect to the ability to address the turbulence–combustion interaction process inside hydrogen-fuelled scramjet engines designed to operate at high Mach numbers (≈7–12). The aim is to identify the most appropriate strategy for the use of the model and the calibration of the modelling constants for future design purposes. To this end, three hydrogen-fuelled experimental scramjet configurations with different fuel injection approaches are studied numerically. The first case consists of parallel fuel injection and it is shown that relying on estimates of ignition delay from a 1D kinetics program can greatly improve the effectiveness of the EDM. This was achieved through a proposed zonal approach. The second case considers fuel injection behind a strut. Here the EDM predicts two reacting layers along the domain which is in agreement with experimental temperature profiles close to the point of injection but not the case any more at the downstream end of the test section. The first two scramjet test cases demonstrated that the kinetic limit, which can be applied to the EDM, does not improve the predictions in comparison to experimental data. The last case considered a transverse injection of hydrogen and the EDM approach provided overall good agreement with experimental pressure traces except in the vicinity of the injection location. The EDM appears to be a suitable tool for scramjet combustor analysis incorporating different fuel injection mechanisms with hydrogen. More specifically, the considered test cases demonstrate that the model provides reasonable predictions of pressure, velocity, temperature and composition.
Outcomes from an inpatient beta-lactam allergy guideline across a large US health system
Authors: Blumenthal Kimberly G. , Li Yu , Hsu Joyce T. , Wolfson Anna R. , Berkowitz David N. , Carballo Victoria A. , Schwartz Jesse M. , Marquis Kathleen A. , Elshaboury Ramy , Gandhi Ronak G. , Lambl Barbara B. , Freeley Monique M. , Gruszecki Alana , Wickner Paige G. , Shenoy Erica S.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

To assess the safety of, and subsequent allergy documentation associated with, an antimicrobial stewardship intervention consisting of test-dose challenge procedures prompted by an electronic guideline for hospitalized patients with reported β-lactam allergies.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

Large healthcare system consisting of 2 academic and 3 community acute-care hospitals between April 2016 and December 2017.

Methods:

We evaluated β-lactam antibiotic test-dose outcomes, including adverse drug reactions (ADRs), hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), and electronic health record (EHR) allergy record updates. HSR predictors were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model. Modification of the EHR allergy record after test doses considered relevant allergy entries added, deleted, and/or specified.

Results:

We identified 1,046 test-doses: 809 (77%) to cephalosporins, 148 (14%) to penicillins, and 89 (9%) to carbapenems. Overall, 78 patients (7.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.9%–9.2%) had signs or symptoms of an ADR, and 40 (3.8%; 95% CI, 2.8%–5.2%) had confirmed HSRs. Most HSRs occurred at the second (ie, full-dose) step (68%) and required no treatment beyond drug discontinuation (58%); 3 HSR patients were treated with intramuscular epinephrine. Reported cephalosporin allergy history was associated with an increased odds of HSR (odds ratio [OR], 2.96; 95% CI, 1.34–6.58). Allergies were updated for 474 patients (45%), with records specified (82%), deleted (16%), and added (8%).

Conclusion:

This antimicrobial stewardship intervention using β-lactam test-dose procedures was safe. Overall, 3.8% of patients with β-lactam allergy histories had an HSR; cephalosporin allergy histories conferred a 3-fold increased risk. Encouraging EHR documentation might improve this safe, effective, and practical acute-care antibiotic stewardship tool.
Chronology Building in Southern Mesoamerica: Comment on Love
Authors: Inomata Takeshi , Arroyo Bárbara , Robinson Eugenia J.
Published: March 2019

Love (2018) misunderstands some concepts of Bayesian analysis and the data from Naranjo and Urías. The cross-dating of El Ujuxte needs to be reevaluated with the publication of its ceramic data.
Introduction to the special thematic section: The importance of group identification, context and culture in promoting social action
Authors: Harré Niki , Bernardo Allan B.I.
Published: March 2019

This special thematic section is the first in a series of special sections that the Asian Association of Social Psychology (AASP) is developing for the Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology. Over the last four years, the AASP has guest edited one special issue each year on applied social psychology research in the journal in an attempt to encourage Asian social psychologists to engage in research that address real world problems in Asian societies. The special issues have featured a variety of research approaches (action research, program development, experiments, and so on) on a range of important social concerns (see Bernardo & Liu, 2018 , for a retrospective view of these special issues). As part of its continuing cooperative relationship with the journal, every year for the next five years, the AASP will guest edit smaller special thematic issues, each with a more well-defined focus, in the hope of making stronger incremental contributions to research and theory on important areas of social psychology.
Direct democracy and government size: evidence from Spain
Authors: Sanz Carlos
Published: March 2019

I study the effects of direct democracy on economic policy in a novel setting. In Spain, national law determines that municipalities follow either direct or representative democracy, depending on their population size. Using a fixed-effect regression discontinuity design, I find that direct democracy leads to a smaller government, reducing public spending by around 8 percent. Revenues decrease by a similar amount and, therefore, there is no effect on budget deficits. These findings can be explained by a model in which direct democracy allows voters to enforce lower special-interest spending. I provide several additional results and discuss alternative mechanisms.
A SOCIAL HISTORY OF EARLY ARAB PHOTOGRAPHY OR A PROLEGOMENON TO AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LEBANESE IMAGO
Authors: Sheehi Stephen
Published: March 2019

Viewing an exhibition of civil war paintings in 1886, Lea Barakat wrote that her “country came to mind: the splendor of its ruins, the wonders of their form like the fortress of Baalbek, the ruins of Palmyra, and the scenes of Lebanon…” Native women should paint like this, she states, and “not leave a scene [of Lebanon] unpainted… They can decorate the rooms of their homes and sitting rooms with these pictures…” She concludes that “since the ladies of our country are smarter and more industrious in their handcrafts than [American] ladies,” they too can obtain a similar level of “wealth, honorable work, admiration of the masses, and praise for the virtue of their [arts and crafts]. This study is a prolegomenon to examining the topography of visual culture and modernity to which Barakat alludes. Rather than painting, this article focuses on photography produced by Arabs during the late Ottoman and early Mandate periods in Lebanon. Less concerned with using photographs to document social transformations, this study theorizes how production and deployment of the photographic image played a part in the conceptualization of a bourgeois individualist subjectivity in Lebanon, which is claimed not to exist in the Arab world.
THE CULTURAL POLITICS OF SHIءI MODERNISM: MORALITY AND GENDER IN EARLY 20TH-CENTURY LEBANON
Authors: Weiss Max
Published: March 2019

In an early 1980s interview, Amira Muhammad ءAli al-Houmani, daughter of one of the 20th century's most revered Lebanese Shiءi poets, insisted that the “southern woman” (al-marʿa al-janūbiyya) had always been a “partner” to the southern Lebanese man, both “in the house and in the field.” She explained how Lebanese women both in and from the south have historically played important domestic as well as productive economic roles spanning both the private and the public. Beyond casual nods toward their political and economic participation, however, disputes about and including Shiءi women in Lebanon and, more broadly put, discussions of and about gender, generally have been occluded from historical narratives. Considering the indisputable contemporary significance of Lebanese Shiءi communities in Jabal ءAmil (South Lebanon), the Bekaء Valley, and Beirut, it is even more remarkable that the diverse histories of gender in Shiءi Lebanon have yet to be written.
A SOCIAL HISTORY OF EARLY ARAB PHOTOGRAPHY OR A PROLEGOMENON TO AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LEBANESE IMAGO
Authors: Sheehi Stephen
Published: March 2019

This article examines Arab photography in Ottoman and Mandate Lebanon. It begins to explain
how the photographic image naturalized the discourses of individualism, class identity, and nationalism
that were germinated in the political economy and the organic intellectual culture of
the late Ottoman Empire. Inspired less by Orientalist imagery or mimicry of the West than by
specific ideological planks of capitalism and modernity, images produced by professionals Sabunji
and the Kovas and such amateurs as Salim Abu Izz al-din and Marie Khazen instituted a new
process of desiring capitalist production, accumulation, and commodity consumption in Lebanon.
Photography reified the imago (the discursive imagined self) of the Lebanese bourgeois as a
composite of private and public and sectarian and secular identities—but first and foremost as an
individual. However, theWestern narrative that associates photography with the secularism of the
bourgeois self finds its limits in the sectarian political economy and power sharing of Lebanon.
THE SLAPS FELT AROUND THE ARAB WORLD: FAMILY AND NATIONAL MELODRAMA IN TWO NASSER-ERA MUSICALS
Authors: Gordon Joel
Published: March 2019

This essay is an attempt to read popular melodrama as a reflection of changing societal appreciations
of sentimentality, romance, family relations, and, ultimately, political power during the
second decade of Nasserist rule in Egypt. The essay focuses on two film classics that bookend
the 1960s—“family melodramas” starring singer ءAbd al-Halim Hafiz, the pop icon intimately
associated with the Nasserist project. Each film turns upon a single dramatic act of parental
discipline, a slap delivered by an outraged father across the cheek of a rebellious son. Released in
1962, still a time of heady optimism, al-Khataya raises troubling questions about paternity and
social status yet resolves them in classic genre style. Abi fawq al-shagara, released in 1969, in the
aftermath of the June 1967 “naksa” (setback), reflects a growing generation gap and suggests—if
it does not quite deliver—a countercultural reading of patriarchal authority, as well as sexual and
political liberation.
The impact of botfly parasitism on the health of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis)
Authors: Zangrandi Priscilla Lóra , Mendonça André Faria , Cruz-Neto Ariovaldo Pereira , Boonstra Rudy , Vieira Emerson M.
Published: March 2019

Fragmented habitats generally harbour small populations that are potentially more prone to local extinctions caused by biotic factors such as parasites. We evaluated the effects of botflies (Cuterebra apicalis) on naturally fragmented populations of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis). We examined how sex, food supplementation experiment, season and daily climatic variables affected body condition and haemoglobin concentration in animals that were parasitized or not by botflies. Although parasitism did not affect body condition, haemoglobin concentrations were lower in parasitized animals. Among the non-parasitized individuals, haemoglobin concentration increased with the increase of maximum temperature and the decrease of relative humidity, a climatic pattern found at the peak of the dry season. However, among parasitized animals, the opposite relationship between haemoglobin concentration and relative humidity occurred, as a consequence of parasite-induced anaemia interacting with dehydration as an additional stressor. We conclude that it is critical to assess how climate affects animal health (through blood parameters) to understand the population consequences of parasitism on the survival of individuals and hence of small population viability.
Becoming an Arctic Council NGO observer
Authors: Burke Danita Catherine , Phelps Bondaroff Teale N.
Published: March 2019

This paper explores the question: How is the NGO observer application process to the Arctic Council influenced by perceptions of legitimacy of the applicant? Using information gleamed from numerous interviews we map out the application process for NGO observer status in the Arctic Council. In addition to the formal criteria, we argue that Arctic states have a set of informal criteria for evaluating NGO observer applications, and that the evaluation of these criteria are coloured by individual Arctic state and the Permanent Participant perceptions of the legitimacy of the NGO applicant. Reaching into the literature on NGO legitimacy, we develop a framework detailing four key components upon which the perceptions of the legitimacy of an NGO are generally formed. This framework is then incorporated into a broader model of the overall application process through which NGOs must submit in order to attempt to gain observer status at the Arctic Council.
Scanning electron microscope studies on laser ablation of solids
Authors: Shaheen Mohamed E. , Gagnon Joel E. , Fryer Brian J.
Published: March 2019

This study investigates the interaction of picosecond laser pulses with sapphire and brass in air using scanning electron microscopy. A picosecond laser system operating at a wavelength of 785 nm, pulse width of 110 ps, and variable repetition rate (1–1000 Hz) was used in this study. The pulse width applied in this work was not widely investigated as it lies in the gap between ultrashort (femtosecond) and long (nanosecond) pulse width lasers. Different surface morphologies were identified using secondary electron and backscattered electron imaging of the ablated material. Thermal ablation effects were more dominant in brass than in sapphire. Exfoliation and fractures of sapphire were observed at high laser fluence. Compared with brass, multiple laser pulses were necessary to initiate ablation in sapphire due to its poor absorption to the incident laser wavelength. Ablation rate of sapphire was lower than that of brass due to the dissipation of a portion of the laser energy due to heating and fracturing of the surface.
A Bayesian-Network-based Approach to Risk Analysis in Runway Excursions
Authors: Calle-Alonso Fernando , Pérez Carlos J. , Ayra Eduardo S.
Published: March 2019

Aircraft accidents are extremely rare in the aviation sector. However, their consequences can be very dramatic. One of the most important problems is runway excursions, when an aircraft exceeds the end (overrun) or the side (veer-off) of the runway. After performing exploratory analysis and hypothesis tests, a Bayesian-network-based approach was considered to provide information from risk scenarios involving landing procedures. The method was applied to a real database containing key variables related to landing operations on three runways. The objective was to analyse the effects over runway overrun excursions of failing to fulfil expert recommendations upon landing. For this purpose, the most influential variables were analysed statistically, and several scenarios were built, leading to a runway ranking based on the risk assessed.
Food insecurity patterns before and after initial receipt of Supplemental Security Income
Authors: Sonik Rajan A , Parish Susan L , Mitra Monika
Published: March 2019

Objective

To assess patterns of food insecurity before and after initial receipt of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits.

Design

We analysed data from a nationally representative sample. We estimated two difference-in-difference models comparing food insecurity patterns among eventual SSI recipients with patterns among eligible non-recipients during two time frames. The first model assessed changes in food insecurity immediately before SSI benefits were first received and the second model assessed changes in food insecurity after programme entry.

Setting

2008 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation.

Participants

Non-institutionalized population of the USA.

Results

The percentage of eventual SSI recipients experiencing food insecurity rose from 18 to 30 % in the year before programme entry, compared with a change from 17 to 18 % for eligible non-recipients. Adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, the difference-in-difference estimator for this comparison was statistically significant (P=0·01). Additionally, the percentage of recipients experiencing food insecurity fell from 28 % in the year before programme entry to 16 % in the year after entry, compared with a change from 16 to 17 % for eligible non-recipients. Adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, the difference-in-difference estimator for this comparison was marginally significant (P=0·07).

Conclusions

Food insecurity rises prior to SSI entry but may be alleviated by programme benefits. Greater nutritional supports for SSI applicants awaiting decisions may reduce the burden of food insecurity in this population and improve health outcomes.
General theorising and historical specificity: Hodgson on Keynes
Authors: O'Donnell Rod
Published: March 2019

In relation to Keynes's thought on general theorising, consumption theory and institutions, this paper closely examines Geoff Hodgson's views as set out in his magisterial work, How Economics Forgot History. While in full agreement with its advocacy of the institutionalist programme, it finds that Keynes's position has been misunderstood in all three areas, and that deep compatibilities exist between the General Theory and institutionalist analysis. Using all his available writings, it is argued that Keynes's conception of a general theory is very different from that underpinning neoclassical economics so that criticisms of the latter are irrelevant to the former, that Keynes's ‘fundamental psychological law’ was never advanced as a universal law applicable to all economies, and that Keynes expressly analysed a historically specific economic institution and its assemblage of sub-institutions. Keynes is an ally, not an enemy, of institutionalism in pursuing better economic theory.
Tolerance of flax (Linum usitatissimum) to fluthiacet-methyl, pyroxasulfone, and topramezone
Authors: Kurtenbach Moria E. , Johnson Eric N. , Gulden Robert H. , Willenborg Christian J.
Published: March 2019

Flax yield can be severely reduced by weeds. The combination of limited herbicide options and the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds across the prairies has resulted in a need for more weed control options for flax producers. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of flax to topramezone, pyroxasulfone, flumioxazin, and fluthiacet-methyl applied alone as well as in a mix with currently registered herbicides. These herbicides were applied alone and in mixtures at the 1X and 2X rates and compared with three industry standards and one nontreated control. This experiment was conducted at Carman, MB, and Saskatoon, SK, as a randomized complete block with four replications. Data were collected for crop population, crop height, yield, and thousand-seed weight. Ratings for crop damage (phytotoxicity) were also taken at three separate time intervals: 7 to 14, 21 to 28, and 56+ d after treatment. Crop tolerance to these herbicides varied between site-years. This was largely attributed to differences in spring moisture conditions and the differences in soil characteristics between sites. Herbicide injury was transient. Hence, no herbicide or combination of herbicides significantly impacted crop yield consistently. Flumioxazin was the least promising herbicide evaluated, as it caused severe crop damage (>90%) when conditions were conducive. Overall, flax had excellent tolerance to fluthiacet-methyl, pyroxasulfone, and topramezone. Flax had excellent crop safety to the combination of pyroxasulfone + sulfentrazone. However, mixing fluthiacet-methyl and topramezone with MCPA and bromoxynil, respectively, increased crop damage and would not be recommended.
A Better Understanding of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: March 2019

A new model of how anvil clouds form could improve short-term hurricane forecasts.
Unilateral ureteral obstruction causes gut microbial dysbiosis and metabolome disorders contributing to tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Authors: Chen Lin , Chen Dan-Qian , Liu Jing-Ru , Zhang Jun , Vaziri Nosratola D. , Zhuang Shougang , Chen Hua , Feng Ya-Long , Guo Yan , Zhao Ying-Yong
Published: March 2019

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk and prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have revealed marked changes in the composition of the microbiome and the metabolome and their potential influence in renal disease and CVD via the accumulation of microbial-derived uremic toxins. However, the effect of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) on the gut microbiome and circulating metabolites is unknown. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to UUO and sham-operated control groups. Renal histology, colonic microbiota, and plasma metabolites were examined two weeks later. We employed 16S rRNA sequence and untargeted metabolomic analyses to explore the changes in colonic microbiota and plasma metabolites and their relationship with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). The UUO rats exhibited tubular atrophy and dilatation, interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the obstructed kidney. UUO rats showed significant colonic enrichment and depletion of genera. Significant differences were identified in 219 plasma metabolites involved in lipid, amino acid, and bile acid metabolism, which were consistent with gut microbiota-related metabolism. Interestingly, tryptophan and its metabolites kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels, which were linked with TIF, correlated with nine specific genera. Plasma tryptophan level was positively correlated with Clostridium IV,Turicibacter, Pseudomonas and Lactobacillales, and negatively correlated with Oscillibacter, Blautia, and Intestinimonas, which possess the genes encoding tryptophan synthase (K16187), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (K00463) and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (K00453) and their corresponding enzymes (EC:1.13.11.52 and EC:1.13.11.11) that exacerbate TIF. In conclusion, UUO results in profound changes in the gut microbiome and circulating metabolites, events that contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammation and TIF.
Retraction Note: Cardamonin induces ROS-mediated G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis through inhibition of NF-κB pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Yuting , Qin You , Yang Chensu , Zhang Haibo , Li Yong , Wu Bian , Huang Jing , Zhou Xiaoshu , Huang Bo , Yang Kunyu , Wu Gang
Published: March 2019

The authors have retracted this article [1] because of numerous errors in the figures. Specifically:
Myoglobinopathy is an adult-onset autosomal dominant myopathy with characteristic sarcoplasmic inclusions
Authors: Olivé Montse , Engvall Martin , Ravenscroft Gianina , Cabrera-Serrano Macarena , Jiao Hong , Bortolotti Carlo Augusto , Pignataro Marcello , Lambrughi Matteo , Jiang Haibo , Forrest Alistair R. R. , Benseny-Cases Núria , Hofbauer Stefan , Obinger Christian , Battistuzzi Gianantonio , Bellei Marzia , Borsari Marco , Di Rocco Giulia , Viola Helena M. , Hool Livia C. , Cladera Josep , Lagerstedt-Robinson Kristina , Xiang Fengqing , Wredenberg Anna , Miralles Francesc , Baiges Juan José , Malfatti Edoardo , Romero Norma B. , Streichenberger Nathalie , Vial Christophe , Claeys Kristl G. , Straathof Chiara S. M. , Goris An , Freyer Christoph , Lammens Martin , Bassez Guillaume , Kere Juha , Clemente Paula , Sejersen Thomas , Udd Bjarne , Vidal Noemí , Ferrer Isidre , Edström Lars , Wedell Anna , Laing Nigel G.
Published: March 2019

Myoglobin, encoded byMB, is a small cytoplasmic globular hemoprotein highly expressed in cardiac myocytes and oxidative skeletal myofibers. Myoglobin binds O2,facilitates its intracellular transport and serves as a controller of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Here, we identify a recurrent c.292C>T (p.His98Tyr) substitution inMBin fourteen members of six European families suffering from an autosomal dominant progressive myopathy with highly characteristic sarcoplasmic inclusions in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Myoglobinopathy manifests in adulthood with proximal and axial weakness that progresses to involve distal muscles and causes respiratory and cardiac failure. Biochemical characterization reveals that the mutant myoglobin has altered O2binding, exhibits a faster heme dissociation rate and has a lower reduction potential compared to wild-type myoglobin. Preliminary studies show that mutant myoglobin may result in elevated superoxide levels at the cellular level. These data define a recognizable muscle disease associated withMBmutation.
Self-sharpening induces jet-like structure in seafloor gravity currents
Authors: Dorrell R. M. , Peakall J. , Darby S. E. , Parsons D. R. , Johnson J. , Sumner E. J. , Wynn R. B. , Özsoy E. , Tezcan D.
Published: March 2019

Gravity currents are the primary means by which sediments, solutes and heat are transported across the ocean-floor. Existing theory of gravity current flow employs a statistically-stable model of turbulent diffusion that has been extant since the 1960s. Here we present the first set of detailed spatial data from a gravity current over a rough seafloor that demonstrate that this existing paradigm is not universal. Specifically, in contrast to predictions from turbulent diffusion theory, self-sharpened velocity and concentration profiles and a stable barrier to mixing are observed. Our new observations are explained by statistically-unstable mixing and self-sharpening, by boundary-induced internal gravity waves; as predicted by recent advances in fluid dynamics. Self-sharpening helps explain phenomena such as ultra-long runout of gravity currents and restricted growth of bedforms, and highlights increased geohazard risk to marine infrastructure. These processes likely have broader application, for example to wave-turbulence interaction, and mixing processes in environmental flows.
Scalable preparation of alternating block copolymer particles with inverse bicontinuous mesophases
Authors: Lv Fei , An Zesheng , Wu Peiyi
Published: March 2019

Block copolymer particles with controlled morphologies are of great significance in nanomaterials and nanotechnology. However, ordered inverse morphologies are difficult to achieve due to complex mechanism and formation conditions. Here we report scalable preparation of amphiphilic alternating block copolymer particles with inverse bicontinuous mesophases via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Concentrated dispersion copolymerizations (up to 40% solid content) of styrene (St) and pentafluorostyrene (PFS) employing a short poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA29) stabilizer block lead to the formation of well-defined, highly asymmetric PDMA29-b-P(St-alt-PFS)x block copolymers with precise compositions and various morphologies, from simple spheres to ordered inverse cubosome mesophases. The particle morphology is affected by the molecular weight, solid content, and nature of the cosolvents. The cubosome structure is confirmed by electron microscopies and small angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy. This scalable PISA approach offers facile access to ordered inverse mesophases, significantly expanding the PISA morphology scope and enabling its applicability to the materials science fields.
Directing curli polymerization with DNA origami nucleators
Authors: Mao Xiuhai , Li Ke , Liu Mengmeng , Wang Xinyu , Zhao Tianxin , An Bolin , Cui Mengkui , Li Yingfeng , Pu Jiahua , Li Jiang , Wang Lihua , Lu Timothy K. , Fan Chunhai , Zhong Chao
Published: March 2019

The physiological or pathological formation of fibrils often relies on molecular-scale nucleators that finely control the kinetics and structural features. However, mechanistic understanding of how protein nucleators mediate fibril formation in cells remains elusive. Here, we develop a CsgB-decorated DNA origami (CB-origami) to mimic protein nucleators in Escherichia coli biofilm that direct curli polymerization. We show that CB-origami directs curli subunit CsgA monomers to form oligomers and then accelerates fibril formation by increasing the proliferation rate of primary pathways. Fibrils grow either out from (departure mode) or towards the nucleators (arrival mode), implying two distinct roles of CsgB: as nucleation sites and as trap sites to capture growing nanofibrils in vicinity. Curli polymerization follows typical stop-and-go dynamics but exhibits a higher instantaneous elongation rate compared with independent fibril growth. This origami nucleator thus provides an in vitro platform for mechanistically probing molecular nucleation and controlling directional fibril polymerization for bionanotechnology.