bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investor behaviour in a nascent capital market: Scottish bank shareholders in the nineteenth century
Authors: ACHESON GRAEME G. , TURNER JOHN D.
Published: June 2010

This article uses the records of nineteenth‐century Scottish banks in an attempt to understand investor behaviour in the early British capital market. It presents four main findings, some of which do not conform to the basic assumptions of standard asset pricing theories. First, in an era when efficient portfolio diversification was not possible, the intrinsic risk of an equity security was an important input into investor decision‐making. Second, our evidence suggests that businesspeople initially regarded bank stock as a consumption good, as being a stockholder gave them privileged access to bank finance. When bank lending practices changed in the middle of the century, this access‐to‐credit advantage associated with owning bank stock largely disappeared. Third, investors typically exhibited a bias towards banks that conducted business in the areas where they resided. Fourth, a sizeable proportion of investors were stockholders in more than one bank.
Gold, credit, and mortality: distinguishing deflationary pressures on the late medieval English economy
Authors: NIGHTINGALE PAMELA
Published: June 2010

This article uses national and local records of debt and evidence from coins, prices, and wages to discuss the economic effects of the gold coinage that was introduced into England in 1344. It distinguishes between the deflationary effects of gold and those of the falling population on prices and credit, and shows that a coinage dominated by gold reduced the volume of credit and transactions far more than the mortality rate and the total circulation of coin would indicate was likely. It relates these findings to the economic and social changes of the fifteenth century.
Focal limb dystonia
Authors: Pont‐Sunyer C. , Martí M. J. , Tolosa E.
Published: June 2010

Limb dystonia (LD) refers to dystonia affecting one arm or leg. Depending on the site of onset, age at onset, and the etiology, progression and prognosis will be different. Usually young‐onset primary dystonia affects the lower limbs and tends to generalize, while in adult‐onset, it appears in the arm and remains focal. Lower limb dystonia in adults is rare as a primary cause, and parkinsonism or other neurological diseases must always be ruled out. In the text that follows, we review the main clinical features of the primary and secondary limb dystonias considering the age at onset and etiology.
Focal dystonia in musicians: phenomenology, pathophysiology and triggering factors
Authors: Altenmüller E. , Jabusch H.‐C.
Published: June 2010

Background:  Musician’s dystonia is a task‐specific movement disorder that manifests itself as a loss of voluntary motor control in extensively trained movements. In many cases, the disorder terminates the careers of affected musicians. Approximately, 1% of all professional musicians are affected. The pathophysiology of the disorder is still unclear. Findings include: (i) reduced inhibition in different levels of the central nervous system, (ii) maladaptive plasticity, e.g. in the somatosensory cortex and in the basal ganglia and (iii) alterations in sensorimotor processing.

Methods:  Review of the literature.

Results:  Epidemiological data demonstrated a higher risk for those musicians who play instruments requiring maximal fine‐motor skills. For instruments where workload differs across hands, focal dystonia appears more often in the more intensely used hand. In psychological studies, musicians with dystonia had more perfectionist tendencies than healthy musicians. These findings strengthen the assumption that behavioural factors may be involved in the etiology of musician’s dystonia. Hereditary factors may play a greater role than previously assumed.

Conclusions:  We propose a heuristic model that may explain the relatively high incidence of focal dystonia in musicians. This model assumes the coactions between a predominantly genetically determined predisposition and intrinsic and extrinsic triggering factors.
Dystonia. The paediatric perspective
Authors: Fernández‐Alvarez E.
Published: June 2010

Background and aims: This review focuses on some paediatric dystonias such as transient dystonias, new primary paediatric‐onset dystonias, dopamine biosynthesis defects and new paroxysmal disorders. It is designed to provide practical help for neurologists and neuropediatricians to make appropriate diagnoses and plan the management of these disorders.

Material and methods: Literature searches were performed and original papers, meta‐analyses and review papers were reviewed.

Conclusion: Paediatric onset dystonia is an increasingly interesting group of conditions that provides an expanding area of neuroscientific knowledge. Given the long life expectancy of children, appropriate treatment at the correct moment will have an important, lasting effect on the personal, social and healthcare domains.
The epidemiology of primary dystonia: current evidence and perspectives
Authors: Defazio G.
Published: June 2010

The number of existing cases of primary dystonia in the population is not precisely known, but the condition is probably much more frequent than reported. By minimum prevalence estimates, primary dystonia should be considered the third most frequent movement disorders after essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease. The most likely etiologic scenario suggested by epidemiological data is that primary dystonias are products of a genetic background and an environmental insult. Current information on the causation of primary dystonia, late‐onset dystonia in particular, is often unreliable because of methodological problems inherent to case–control investigation and to the heterogeneity of dystonia. To expand our knowledge on dystonia, we need to design population‐based studies, to perform association studies taking into account the heterogeneity of dystonia, and to collect exhaustive clinical data in a standardized and reliable way.
Functional imaging in hereditary dystonia
Authors: Carbon M. , Argyelan M. , Eidelberg D.
Published: June 2010

Background:  Impaired cortical inhibiton and maladaptive cortical plasticity are functional hallmarks of sporadic focal dystonias. Whether or not these mechanisms translate to generalized dystonias and whether these features reflect state or trait characteristics are topics of research in hereditary dystonias.

Methods:  We present a series of studies using a multitracer approach with positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) in the DYT1 and the DYT6 genotype.

Results:  In these hereditary dystonias functional and microstructural abnormalities were found in cortico‐striatal‐pallido‐thalamocortical (CSPTC) and cerebellar‐thalamo‐cortical circuits. Genotype‐specific abnormalities were localized to the basal ganglia, SMA and cerebellum. Functional changes, as potential correlates of maladaptive sensorimotor plasticity were found throughout the sensorimotor system and were more pronounced in affected mutation carriers than in their non‐manifesting counterparts. In both genotypes, striatal metabolic abnormalities were paralleled by genotype‐specific reductions in D2 receptor availability. However, these reductions failed to show a clear association with clinical or functional markers of the disease. By contrast, microstructural changes of cerebellar pathways clearly related to penetrance and may thus represent the main intrinsic abnormality underlying cortical downstream effects, such as increased sensorimotor responsivity.

Conclusions:  These studies are consistent with the view of primary torsion dystonia as a neurodevelopmental circuit disorder involving CSPTC and related cerebellar pathways.
Surgical treatment of dystonia
Authors: Krauss J. K.
Published: June 2010

Surgical treatment of dystonia has experienced a tremendous change over the past decade. Whilst selective peripheral denervation is reserved for cervical dystonia refractory to botulinum toxin injections, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the pallidum has gained a wide scope and presents an elementary column in the treatment of medically refractory patients, nowadays. There is consensus that idiopathic generalized, cervical and segmental dystonia are good indications for DBS, although there is still a paucity of studies providing high‐level data according to EBM criteria. Efficacy is maintained on longterm. Several other forms of primary dystonia are still under investigation but it appears that patients with Meige syndrome and myoclonus‐dystonia gain also marked benefit. Study of the outcome in secondary dystonia disorders is more complex, in general, but patients with tardive dystonia gain similar improvement than patients with idiopathic dystonia. Overall, the risk profile of pallidal DBS is quite low, and it has been shown to be cognitively safe. The effect of pallidal DBS on non‐dystonic extremities has not received much attention, albeit there are hints for a pro‐akinetic mechanism. Several questions remain to be solved including optimal programming of stimulation settings, battery drain with high stimulation energies and the elucidation of the mechanisms of DBS in dystonia.
‘Creative Cities’ and the Rise of the Dealer Class: A Critique of Richard Florida's Approach to Urban Theory
Authors: KRÄTKE STEFAN
Published: June 2010

In recent times, Richard Florida's ‘creative class’ theory, which deals with a particular set of regional success factors (technology, talent and tolerance) has received quite a positive reception among regional scientists and politicians in North America and Europe. Particularly on the urban level, Florida's concept has become a ‘message of hope’ to guide poor and declining localities to a future path of successful development. Florida's approach can be criticized for its highly affirmative concept of class and the current mode of capitalist development. This article starts from a deconstruction of the notion of a creative class and deals with the aggregation and co‐location problems that plague Florida's concept. On the basis of empirical research on the regional distribution of diverse occupational groups in Germany, the article proves specifically that the ‘dealer class’— or in Florida's terms, creative professionals — does not have a significant or positive impact on the success of urban areas in developing sustainable economic structures.

Ces dernières années, la théorie de la ‘classe créative’ de Richard Florida, qui porte sur un ensemble spécifique de facteurs de réussite régionale (technologie, talent et tolérance), a été accueillie très favorablement, en Amérique du Nord et en Europe, dans les milieux politiques et de la recherche sur les régions. Plus précisément, au niveau urbain, le concept de Florida s’est transformé en ‘message d’espoir’ guidant les localités pauvres ou en déclin sur la voie d’un développement réussi. L’approche de Florida est critiquable par son concept de classe fortement antidiscriminatoire et du fait des modalités d’évolution actuelles du capitalisme. L’article commence par une déconstruction de la notion de classe créative et aborde les problèmes d’agrégation et de co‐localisation qui empoisonnent le concept de Florida. À partir d’une étude empirique sur la répartition régionale de divers groupes professionnels en Allemagne, il est démontré spécifiquement que la ‘dealer class ou classe des courtiers’ (les creative professionals au sens de Florida) n’a pas d’impact significatif ou positif sur la réussite des zones urbaines via le développement de structures économiques durables.
An item response theory analysis of the Parenting Stress Index‐Short Form with parents of children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Zaidman‐Zait Anat , Mirenda Pat , Zumbo Bruno D. , Wellington Stephen , Dua Vikram , Kalynchuk Karen
Published: June 2010

Background:  The Parenting Stress Index‐Short Form (PSI‐SF) is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring parenting stress in families of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, no research to date has examined the psychometric properties of the PSI‐SF in a sample of parents of young children with ASD. In this regard, item response theory (IRT) can be used to estimate how much information or discrimination each item of a scale offers across the entire range of the latent variable being measured, by creating individual item information curves or profiles. The purpose of this study was to use IRT to examine the discriminability of PSI‐SF items in a sample of parents of young children with ASD who experience varying levels of parental stress.

Methods:  The study involved the parents of 141 children with autism spectrum disorders (91.4% mothers; mean age 36.2 years) who completed the PSI‐SF following diagnosis. Item characteristic curves were constructed for each of the PSI‐SF items and examined with regard to item functioning.

Results:  Results indicated that, for the most part, changes in parental distress severity were reflected in changes on item scores. However, several items on the subscales measuring parent–child dysfunctional interactions and child behavior difficulty functioned poorly to discriminate parents across a range of total stress severity.

Conclusions:  The parent–child dysfunctional interaction and difficult child subscales of the PSI‐SF scale should be used with caution with parents of young children with ASD. More research is required to examine PSI‐SF content validity, at least among parents of children with ASD and perhaps parents of children with other disabilities as well.
Intrusive thoughts and young children’s knowledge about thinking following a natural disaster
Authors: Sprung Manuel , Harris Paul L.
Published: June 2010

Background:  Hurricane Katrina devastated the Mississippi Gulf Coast in August 2005. Intrusive re‐experiencing is a common posttraumatic stress symptom. However, young children with limited introspection skills might have difficulties identifying their intrusive thoughts.

Method:  A sample of 165 5‐ to 9‐year‐old children were surveyed about their unwanted intrusive thoughts and their knowledge about thinking, 10 months following the hurricane.

Results:  Results replicate and extend the findings from a previous study (Sprung, 2008). Although there was no difference in the overall occurrence of intrusive thoughts, there was a striking difference between hurricane‐exposed and control children in their contents. Children’s knowledge about thinking was linked to their ability to report on their negative intrusive thoughts, even taking language ability into account.

Conclusion:  There is a shift toward negative content following hurricane exposure compared with non‐hurricane‐exposed children and knowledge about thinking is linked to the reporting of such intrusive thoughts. Implications for current research on autobiographical memory and for interventions following potentially traumatic events are discussed.
The association between prepregnancy obesity and screening positive for postpartum depression
Authors: LaCoursiere DY , Barrett‐Connor E , O’Hara MW , Hutton A , Varner MW
Published: June 2010

Please cite this paper as: LaCoursiere D, Barrett‐Connor E, O’Hara M, Hutton A, Varner M. The association between prepregnancy obesity and screening positive for postpartum depression. BJOG 2010;117:1011–1018.

Objective  To describe the association between reported prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and screening positive for depression.

Design  Cohort study.

Setting  Four urban hospitals in Utah, USA.

Population  Women delivering a term, singleton, live‐born infant at one of four urban hospitals in Utah in the period 2005–2007.

Methods  Women were enrolled immediately postpartum. Demographic, anthropometric, stressors, psychiatric, and medical/obstetric and family‐history data were obtained. Prepregnancy height, weight, and pregnancy weight gain were self‐reported. The primary exposure variable, prepregnancy BMI, was calculated. Women were stratified into the six World Health Organization BMI categories (underweight, normal weight, pre‐obese, or obese class 1–3).

Main outcome measure  At 6–8 weeks postpartum, women were screened for depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The primary outcome measure was a prespecified EPDS score of ≥12.

Results  Among the 1053 women studied, 14.4% of normal weight women screened positive for postpartum depression. This proportion was greater in women classed as underweight (18.0%, n = 11), pre‐obese (18.5%, n = 38), obese class 1 (18.8%, n = 16), obese class 2 (32.4%, n = 11), and obese class 3 (40.0%, n = 8) (P < 0.01). Controlling for demographic, psychological, and medical/obstetric factors, prepregnancy class‐2 (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.21–6.81) and class‐3 (aOR 3.94, 95% CI 1.38–11.23) obesity remained strongly associated with screening positive for postpartum depression, compared with women of normal weight.

Conclusions  Self‐reported prepregnancy obesity may be associated with screening positive for depression when measured postpartum.
Optogenetic control of striatal dopamine release in rats
Authors: Bass Caroline E. , Grinevich Valentina P. , Vance Zachary B. , Sullivan Ryan P. , Bonin Keith D. , Budygin Evgeny A.
Published: June 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)114, 1344–1352.

Optogenetic control over neuronal firing has become an increasingly elegant method to dissect the microcircuitry of mammalian brains. To date, examination of these manipulations on neurotransmitter release has been minimal. Here we present the first in‐depth analysis of optogenetic stimulation on dopamine neurotransmission in the dorsal striatum of urethane‐anesthetized rats. By combining the tight spatial and temporal resolution of both optogenetics and fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry we have determined the parameters necessary to control phasic dopamine release in the dorsal striatum of ratsin vivo. The kinetics of optically induced dopamine release mirror established models of electrically evoked release, indicating that potential artifacts of electrical stimulation on ion channels and the dopamine transporter are negligible. Furthermore a lack of change in extracellular pH indicates that optical stimulation does not alter blood flow. Optical control over dopamine release is highly reproducible and flexible. We are able to repeatedly evoke concentrations of dopamine release as small as a single dopamine transient (50 nM). An inverted U‐shaped frequency response curve exists with maximal stimulation inducing dopamine effluxes exceeding 500 nM. Taken together, these results have obvious implications for understanding the neurobiological basis of dopaminergic‐based disorders and provide the framework to effectively manipulate dopamine patterns.
Determination of the Indirect Orientation of Orbital PUSHBROOM Images Using Control Straight Lines
Authors: Tommaselli Antonio M. G. , Medeiros Nilcilene G.
Published: June 2010

The aim of this paper is to present an experimental assessment of two models that use “control lines” for the indirect orientation of pushbroom imagery. Since pushbroom image acquisition is not instantaneous, six exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) must be estimated for each scanned line. The sensor position and attitude parameters are modelled with a time‐dependent polynomial. The relationship between a straight line in the image space and its homologous form in the object space is established in the first model, based on the principle that the position vector containing an image point (projection ray) and the vector normal to the projection plane in the object space are orthogonal. The second model is based on the equivalence between the vector normal to the projection plane in the image space and the vector normal to the rotated projection plane in the object space. The equivalence property between planes was adapted to consider the pushbroom geometry. A model based on collinearity equations using points adapted to the pushbroom geometry was also implemented, aiming at a comparison of the methodologies. Six experiments using different sets of observations for indirect estimation of EOPs of images from the China–Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) were carried out, by varying the geometric distribution and the number of straight lines. Also, experiments combining points and straight lines were accomplished. The results showed that an accuracy of around twice the ground sample distance (GSD) in the check points can be achieved with the models studied, which can then be used to estimate the EOPs of pushbroom images. Several other factors affecting the accuracy, such as the distribution and number of control features, were also assessed.
Associations of Diet and Lifestyle With Headache in High‐School Students: Results From a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Milde‐Busch Astrid , Blaschek Astrid , Borggräfe Ingo , Heinen Florian , Straube Andreas , Von Kries Rüdiger
Published: June 2010

(Headache 2010;50:1104‐1114)

Background.— Diet and lifestyle are seen as factors which influence headache in adults. However, population‐based studies on this issue in adolescents are rare.

Objective.— Aim of the present study was to investigate associations between diet and lifestyle factors and different types of headache, ie, migraine and tension‐type headache (TTH) in adolescents.

Methods.— A total of 1260 adolescents from the 10th and 11th grades of high schools filled in questionnaires on intake of meals, coffee, nonalcoholic and alcoholic drinks, smoking, and physical activity. Type of headache was classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders – 2nd edition. Multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for sex and grade, were calculated.

Results.— High consumption of cocktails (odds ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval 1.9‐6.0) and coffee (2.4; 1.3‐4.7), smoking (2.7; 1.4‐5.1), and lack of physical activity (2.2; 1.3‐3.7) were significantly associated with migraine plus TTH episodes, consumption of coffee and physical inactivity particularly with migraine (3.4; 1.6‐7.0 and 4.2; 2.2‐7.9, respectively) and physical inactivity with TTH (1.7; 1.1‐2.7). Skipping of meals or insufficient fluid intake were not associated with any type of headache.

Conclusions.— Adolescents with any type of headache might benefit from regular physical activity and low consumption of alcoholic drinks, while for migraine patients a low consumption of coffee should additionally be recommended. Intervention studies are warranted to assess whether psycho‐educational programs conferring knowledge of these associations will influence headache‐triggering behavior and headache in adolescents.
Importance of Performing Transesophageal Echocardiography in Acute Stroke Patients older than Fifty
Authors: Gupta Nishant , Lau Chris , Al‐Dehneh Anthony , Daoko Joseph , Vazir Aman , Parikh Rupen , Agarwal Anuj , Newton Will , Dhillon Wishwdeep , Gupta Isha , Pandya Dipak , DeBari Vincent A. , Hamdan Aiman , Shamoon Fayez , Bikkina Mahesh
Published: June 2010

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in determining the presence of cardiac manifestations that required anticoagulation in patients presenting with acute stroke. Methods: Of 626 consecutive stroke patients who underwent TEE, 188 patients with no obvious etiology for stroke were subcategorized according to age. TEE results were analyzed for cardiac findings suggestive of a cause for embolic stroke, including complex atheromas in the arch/ascending aorta, patent foramen ovale (PFO), atrial septal aneurysm (ASA), and intracavitary thrombi. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Results: Of 188 patients, 66% (125/188) were older than 50 years and 34% (63/188) were younger than 50 years. The incidence of complex atheroma was 12.8% (16/125) in patients older than 50 years as compared to 0% (0/63) in patients who were younger than 50 years (P = 0.002). In patients older than 50 years, findings that indicated a need for anticoagulation based on TEE results were found in 22.4% (28/125) (atheroma = 16, PFO = 12, ASA = 5, thrombus = 3, PFO + ASA = 1) compared to 14.3% (9/63) (atheroma = 0, PFO = 5, ASA = 2, thrombus = 2, PFO + ASA = 1) in patients younger than 50 years. Conclusions: TEE plays an important role in suspected embolic stroke patients of all age groups. Due to the higher incidence of complex atheromas in patients older than 50 years of age, TEE might be of added importance in identifying the candidates who may benefit from anticoagulation. (Echocardiography 2010;27:1086‐1092)
Incorporation of Aluminate into Silicate Gels and its Effect on the Foamability and Water Resistance
Authors: Buchwald Anja , Oesterheld René , Hilbig Harald
Published: June 2010

The water resistance of silicate foams that were produced by the alkaline activation of an amorphous silica source was improved by the incorporation of aluminum into the silicate network. The aluminum was introduced by metakaolin, which showed a similar reactivity in alkaline solution as the silica source used. Depending on the metakaolin content, a transition from a silicate into an alumosilicate network occurred. The structure of the (alumo‐)silicate gel, its foamability, and the strength and water resistance of the foamed granulates were determined. The incorporation of aluminum lead to a higher connectivity of the (alumo‐)silicate gel. This (alumo‐)silicate gel was still foamable at about 500°C down to an Si/Al ratio of 6. The strength and the water resistance of the granulates increased with the aluminum content in the gel. A lower Si/Al ratio resulted in a stronger alumosilicate network with dominantly Q4 building units of the silicate tetrahedrons. This stronger network inhibited a viscous flow at a temperature of 550°C.
Forensic Document Examiners’ Skill in Distinguishing Between Natural and Disguised Handwriting Behaviors
Authors: Bird Carolyne , Found Bryan , Rogers Doug
Published: June 2010

Abstract:  Disguised handwriting is problematic for forensic document examiners (FDEs) and attracts higher misleading and inconclusive rates on authorship opinions than does genuine writing (Found B, Rogers D, International Graphonomics Society, 2005). There are currently no published empirical data on FDEs’ expertise in distinguishing between natural and disguised writing behavior. This paper reports on the skill of FDEs for determining the writing process of 140 pairs of natural and disguised writings and compares their results with those of a control group of laypeople. A significant difference was found between the examiner and lay group. FDEs’ expertise is characterized by their conservatism, where FDEs express a higher proportion of inconclusive opinions (23.1% for FDEs compared to 8.4% for the control group). This leads to the FDEs expressing a smaller percentage of misleading responses when calling writings as either naturally written or disguised (4.3% for FDEs compared with 12.2% for the control group).
Evaluation of Computed Tomography as a Screening Test for Death Inquest
Authors: Iwase Hirotaro , Yajima Daisuke , Hayakawa Mutsumi , Yamamoto Seiji , Motani Hisako , Sakuma Ayaka , Kasahara Shiori , Ito Hisao
Published: June 2010

Abstract:  The Japanese method of inquest, which depends mostly on external examinations, may misdiagnose a considerable number of accidental deaths and suicides as death by disease. We conducted computed tomography (CT) scans of 80 cases for which police concluded death by disease or natural causes based on police investigations into the circumstances and results from external examinations. The cause of death was clearly determined by CT scan in 17 of 80 cases. Ten cases underwent autopsy after the police suspected criminality based on results of the CT examinations. The results suggest CT scan may be a tool for preventing a number of overlooked crimes and accidents in Japan. However, it cannot be a perfect tool for discerning between death by disease and other causes of death without cooperation from the investigative agencies and subsequent forensic examinations such as autopsy and toxicological tests.
Mechanical insertion properties of calcium‐phosphate implant coatings
Authors: Hägi Tobias T. , Enggist Lukas , Michel Daniel , Ferguson Stephen J. , Liu Yuelian , Hunziker Ernst B.
Published: June 2010

Objectives: To investigate the influence of protein incorporation on the resistance of biomimetic calcium‐phosphate coatings to the shear forces that are generated during implant insertion.

Materials and Methods: Thirty‐eight standard (5 × 13 mm) Osseotite® implants were coated biomimetically with a layer of calcium phosphate, which either lacked or bore a co‐precipitated (incorporated) depot of the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). The coated implants were inserted into either artificial bone (n=18) or the explanted mandibles of adult pigs (n=12). The former set‐up was established for the measurement of torque and of coating losses during the insertion process. The latter set‐up was established for the histological and histomorphometric analysis of the fate of the coatings after implantation.

Results: BSA‐bearing coatings had higher mean torque values than did those that bore no protein depot. During the insertion process, less material was lost from the former than from the latter type of coating. The histological and histomorphometric analysis revealed fragments of material to be sheared off from both types of coating at vulnerable points, namely, at the tips of the threads. The sheared‐off fragments were retained within the peri‐implant space.

Conclusion: The incorporation of a protein into a biomimetically prepared calcium‐phosphate coating increases its resistance to the shear forces that are generated during implant insertion. In a clinical setting, the incorporated protein would be an osteogenic agent, whose osteoinductive potential would not be compromised by the shearing off of coating material, and the osteoconductivity of an exposed implant surface would not be less than that of a coated one.

To cite this article:
 Hägi TT, Enggist L, Michel D, Ferguson SJ, Liu Y, Hunziker EB. Mechanical insertion properties of calcium‐phosphate implant coatings. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 1214–1222. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.01916.x
Equity Analysis: Identifying Who Benefits from Family Planning Programs
Authors: Ortayli Nuriye , Malarcher Shawn
Published: June 2010

This study examines current disparities in access to family planning services in developing countries with data drawn from 64 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 1994 and 2008. The percent of demand satisfied is used as a proxy measure for access to family planning. In all regions, married women aged 15–19 have greater difficulty than older women in meeting their need for contraceptive services. Inequities in the percent of demand satisfied among individuals of varying economic status, area of residence, and education are observed in all regions except Central Asia. These gaps are larger and more common in sub‐Saharan Africa. Strategies that seek to increase contraceptive use rapidly without consideration for disadvantaged groups are likely to increase observed inequities in percent of demand satisfied in the short term. Efforts to monitor progress toward the goals enumerated in 1994 at the International Conference on Population and Development and toward other development goals must go beyond global, regional, and national averages to address the needs of population groups that are at greatest risk of adverse health outcomes.
Impact of the global financial crisis on employed Australian baby boomers: A national survey
Authors: O'Loughlin Kate , Humpel Nancy , Kendig Hal
Published: June 2010

Aim:  This paper examines the impact of the global financial crisis (GFC) on employed Australian baby boomers.

Methods:  A nationally representative sample of 1009 boomers aged 50–64 years completed a survey by telephone interview mid 2009.

Results:  Compared with 1 year ago, 38.9% of working boomers reported being financially worse off and this was more so for women (42.4%) than men (35.6%). Following the GFC, 41.4% of women and 31.9% of men had decided to postpone their retirement plans.

Conclusion:  The GFC is affecting the retirement preparations and plans of Australia's baby boomers. Policy implications include reduced resources for retirement needs, and uneven and differential impacts for those with interrupted employment histories, notably women.
Sp1 binds to the external promoter of the p73 gene and induces the expression of TAp73γ in lung cancer
Authors: Logotheti Stella , Michalopoulos Ioannis , Sideridou Maria , Daskalos Alexandros , Kossida Sophia , Spandidos Demetrios A. , Field John K. , Vojtesek Borek , Liloglou Triantafyllos , Gorgoulis Vassilis , Zoumpourlis Vassilis
Published: June 2010

The p73 gene possesses an extrinsic P1 promoter and an intrinsic P2 promoter, resulting in TAp73 and ΔΝp73 isoforms, respectively. The ultimate effect of p73 in oncogenesis is thought to depend on the apoptotic TA to antiapoptotic ΔN isoforms' ratio. This study was aimed at identifying novel transcription factors that affect TA isoform synthesis. With the use of bioinformatics tools, in vitro binding assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, a region extending −233 to −204 bp upstream of the transcription start site of the human p73 P1 promoter, containing conserved Sp1‐binding sites, was characterized. Treatment of cells with Sp1 RNAi and Sp1 inhibitor functionally suppress TAp73 expression, indicating positive regulation of P1 by the Sp1 protein. Notably Sp1 inhibition or knockdown also reduces ΔΝp73 protein levels. Therefore, Sp1 directly regulates TAp73 transcription and affects ΔΝp73 levels in lung cancer. TAp73γ was shown to be the only TA isoform overexpressed in several lung cancer cell lines and in 26 non‐small cell lung cancers, consistent with Sp1 overexpression, thereby questioning the apoptotic role of this specific p73 isoform in lung cancer.
The use of Matriderm® and autologous skin grafting in the treatment of diabetic ulcers: a case report
Authors: Cervelli Valerio , Lucarini Lucilla , Cerretani Caterina , Spallone Diana , Palla Ludovico , Brinci Lorenzo , De Angelis Barbara
Published: June 2010

The aim of our case report was to analyse the results obtained with the Matriderm® system and autologous skin grafting for the surgical treatment of diabetic ulcers. We recruited one patient with diabetic ulcers admitted at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’. The patient underwent Matriderm® system and autologous skin grafting for diabetic ulcer treatment. After just a single treatment, we obtained reduction in ulcer after 15 days from the surgical treatment. We achieved a reduction in pain and exudate secretion of the ulcer. We noticed an almost complete restoration of the missing volume and good quality of skin. Matriderm® system and autologous skin grafting is a simple, safe and feasible technique. This method, when compared with other methods of treatment, is simple, cheap, less time consuming and does not require sophisticated laboratory facilities.
The Potential Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Erectile Dysfunction in Aging Taiwanese Males
Authors: Lee Yung-Chin , Liu Chia-Chu , Huang Chun-Nung , Li Wei-Ming , Wu Wen-Jeng , Yeh Hsin-Chih , Wang Chii-Jye , Huang Chun-Hsiung , Huang Shu-Pin
Published: June 2010

Introduction

Recently, metabolic syndrome (MtS) has received increasing attention. However, investigations regarding the potential impact of MtS and its components on erectile dysfunction (ED) have not been completely clarified.

Aim

To determine the potential impact of MtS on ED in aging Taiwanese males.

Main Outcome Measure

The definition of MtS was according to the modified criteria developed by the Bureau of Health Promotion in Taiwan. The presence and severity of ED were evaluated by International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) scores.

Methods

A total of 639 subjects with a mean age of 60.2 years (range 40–83) were enrolled during a free health screening. All the men had complete clinical data and questionnaires taken. Clinical variables were compared according to MtS and ED prevalence. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of ED and MtS.

Results

Using age-adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis, our results showed that subjects with ED had significantly higher prevalence of MtS (P <0.01, OR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.44–3.69). The presence of MtS had significant correlation with lower IIEF-5 scores (P <0.01), which were associated with the increment of MtS components number (P <0.01). Among the MtS components, abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) was the most significantly independent factor of MtS for ED (P = 0.01, OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.09–2.35). Testosterone levels were significantly lower in subjects with MtS (P = 0.05), while inversely correlated with number of MtS components (P <0.01).

Conclusions

In aging Taiwanese males, the presence of MtS is strongly associated with ED and abnormal FBG is the most independent predictor for ED. Low testosterone level might be viewed as another possible common denominator for various pathologies linking MtS to ED.
Relative preference of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) to selected host plants in the field
Authors: Barman Apurba K. , Parajulee Megha N. , Carroll Stanley C.
Published: June 2010

Abstract  Information on host plant preference of agriculturally important insect pests, such as Lygus hesperus (Knight), can be helpful in predicting its occurrence and future movement among crop and non‐crop host plants. A field study was conducted during 2005 and 2006 to evaluate the host preference of Lygus to cotton and four other host plants in the Texas High Plains, including alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Russian thistle (Salsola iberica L.) and pigweed (Amaranthus palmeri L.). Sampling for both nymphs and adults during 2005 (July to November) and 2006 (June to November) showed that alfalfa and Russian thistle were the two most preferred hosts out of the five hosts evaluated. Abundance of nymphs (numbers per 50 sweeps per host plant) during the sampling period also indicated the superior reproductive suitability of alfalfa and Russian thistle. Cotton appeared to be the least attractive host plant for Lygus when Russian thistle and alfalfa were available in the host mosaic. Seasonal abundance of Lygus was found to be lower during 2006 compared to 2005, which may be explained by the difference in rainfall patterns during these two years. In terms of species dominance, L. hesperus was the most dominant species in the sampled population followed by an inconsiderable fraction of L. elisus and L. lineolaris.
First detection of a low-mass stellar halo around the young open cluster η Chamaeleontis
Authors: Murphy Simon J. , Lawson Warrick A. , Bessell Michael S.
Published: June 2010

We have identified several lithium-rich low-mass (0.08 < M < 0.3 M⊙) stars within of the young open cluster η Chamaeleontis, nearly four times the radius of previous search efforts. Of these stars, we propose four new probable cluster members and three possible members requiring further investigation. These findings are consistent with a dynamical origin for the current configuration of the cluster, without the need to invoke an abnormal initial mass function deficient in low-mass objects. Candidates were selected on the basis of DENIS and Two-Micron All-Sky Survey photometry, Naval Observatory Merged Astrometric Catalogue astrometry and extensive follow-up spectroscopy.
Modification of the Bouwer and Rice Method to a Cutoff Wall with a Filter Cake
Authors: Nguyen The‐Bao , Lee Chulho , Kim Sewon , Choi Hangseok
Published: June 2010

The Bouwer and Rice method is a line‐fitting method used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer by means of a slug test. When considering a relatively impermeable layer, called a filter cake, which may form at the interface between a cutoff wall and the natural soil formation, the assumptions of the Bouwer and Rice method are violated. A modification of the Bouwer and Rice method is proposed that incorporates the concept of a flow net, whereby the geometry of the cutoff wall and filter cake is effectively considered in estimating the hydraulic conductivity of a vertical cutoff wall.
Ultraviolet Radiation Induces Filamentation in Bacterial Assemblages from North Andean Patagonian Lakes
Authors: Modenutti Beatriz , Balseiro Esteban , Corno Gianluca , Callieri Cristiana , Bertoni Roberto , Caravati Emanuele
Published: June 2010

Through laboratory experiments, we tested whether UV radiation (UVR) induces filamentation in natural bacteria assemblages from North Andean Patagonian lakes. We incubated water from three different lakes for 72 h in four separate treatments: (1) UVR + PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), (2) 50% UVR + PAR, (3) PAR and (4) 50% PAR. The irradiance levels used in the experiments were equivalent to those registered at the epilimnion of the lakes. In the UVR treatments filamentation was induced after the first 24 h and the proportion continued to increase for the next 48–72 h. A comparison of the gross composition and diversity of the entire community (cells >0.2 μm) with bacterial filaments alone (>5.0 μm) showed that UVR‐induced filamentation is not a feature of any particular cluster. By sequencing part of the 16S rRNA gene of the taxonomic units obtained using denaturing gels, we observed that strains in the β‐Proteobacteria group were of relatively high importance in filament formation, followed by Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroides, γ‐Proteobacteria and α‐Proteobacteria, whereas Actinobacteria were almost nonexistent in the filaments. We propose that UVR doses equivalent to those of Andean lakes produce bacterial morphological changes, and that all bacterial groups except Actinobacteria can potentially form filaments.
Unitary dual ofGL(n) at archimedean places and global Jacquet–Langlands correspondence
Authors: Badulescu A. I. , Renard D.
Published: June 2010

In a paper by Badulescu [Global Jacquet–Langlands correspondence, multiplicity one and classification of automorphic representations, Invent. Math. 172(2008), 383–438], results on the global Jacquet–Langlands correspondence, (weak and strong) multiplicity-one theorems and the classification of automorphic representations for inner forms of the general linear group over a number field were established, under the assumption that the local inner forms are split at archimedean places. In this paper, we extend the main local results of that article to archimedean places so that the above condition can be removed. Along the way, we collect several results about the unitary dual of general linear groups over ℝ, ℂ or ℍ which are of independent interest.
Knowledge Representation and Ontology Mapping Methods for Product Data in Engineering Applications
Authors: Zhan Pei , Jayaram Uma , Kim OkJoon , Zhu Lijuan
Published: June 2010

This paper presents a semantic approach that uses ontologies to share knowledge related to product data in CAD/CAE applications and for integrating the design evaluation information that these applications individually provide. Our overall approach is the ontology-based adaptive design evaluation, also coined as OADE. This paper reports a piece of our ongoing work in the area of knowledge representation and ontology mapping methods. Here we design ontologies for representing product design and analysis, instantiate a source ontology with the product data, create formal ontology mapping methods, and then apply these methods to transfer the product data from the source ontology to the target one. A prototype implementation has been created using technologies such as OWL (representation language), JENA (ontology API), and PROTÉGÉ (ontology editor) to demonstrate the approach for integrating product design and assembly simulation analysis applications. This work is significant because heuristic methods based on geometry attributes, composition, and inheritance for determining mapped concepts in engineering ontologies is still very new, and not much work has been done in this area. This work will lead to the ability to create, share, and exchange knowledge for solving design evaluation challenges involving multiple applications and viewpoints.
A Fast and Efficient Compact Packing Algorithm for SAE and ISO Luggage Packing Problems
Authors: Tiwari Santosh , Fadel Georges , Fenyes Peter
Published: June 2010

In this paper, a compact packing algorithm for the placement of objects inside a container is described. The proposed packing algorithm is designed to pack three-dimensional free-form objects inside an arbitrary enclosure such that the packing efficiency is maximized. The proposed packing algorithm can handle objects with holes or cavities, and its performance does not degrade significantly with the increase in complexity of the enclosure or the objects. The packing algorithm takes as input the tessellated geometry of the container and all the objects to be packed and outputs the list of objects that can be placed inside the enclosure. The packing algorithm also outputs the location and orientation of all the objects, the packing sequence, and the packed configuration. An improved layout algorithm that works with arbitrary container geometry is also proposed. Separate layout algorithms for the SAE and ISO luggage are developed. Several heuristics to improve the performance of the packing algorithm are also incorporated. Certain aspects that facilitate fast and efficient handling of the computer aided design (CAD) data are also discussed. A comprehensive benchmarking of the proposed packing algorithm on synthetic and hypothetical problems reflects its superior performance as compared with other similar approaches.
Quantifying the Effectiveness of Interventions in Workflows
Authors: Hoff Rainer
Published: June 2010

Workflows are common in today’s business world, and are an integral part of current enterprise content management, product lifecycle management, and enterprise resource planning systems. When a task assignee does not complete a task on time, workflow systems are commonly configured to send out reminders. Reminders are a form of intervention in the workflow. It is tacitly assumed that workflow intervention is effective, yet, to date, there has been no quantitative characterization of the benefits of workflow intervention. This study first develops a mathematical model for workflow intervention. The controlling parameters are identified: the choice of probability distribution, the skewness of the probability distribution, the intervention interval, and the effectiveness of individual interventions. To the extent that closed-form solutions are available (e.g., for uniform or triangular probability density functions), they are presented. More generally, results are presented by representing the wait time using the Weibull probability density function. Cases where closed-form solutions are intractable are simulated using the Petri net method. Results indicate that, while interventions always reduce the mean cycle time for a workflow, there are certain circumstances where the cycle time reduction is dramatic (i.e., >50%).