bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on the Rule-Based Filtering Structure with Applications on Computational Biomedical Images
Authors: Yin Xiao-Xia , Hadjiloucas Sillas , Sun Le , Bowen John W. , Zhang Yanchun
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we present rule-based fuzzy inference systems that consist of a series of mathematical representations based on fuzzy concepts in the filtering structure. It is crucial for understanding and discussing different principles associated with fuzzy filter design procedures. A number of typical fuzzy multichannel filtering approaches are provided in order to clarify the different fuzzy filter designs and compare different algorithms. In particular, in most practical applications (i.e., biomedical image analysis), the emphasis is placed primarily on fuzzy filtering algorithms, with the main advantages of restoration of corrupted medical images and the interpretation capability, along with the capability of edge preservation and relevant image information for accurate diagnosis of diseases.
Correlation between Peripheral T Cell Subsets and the Activity of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Hu Hong , Liang Liang , Ge Qian , Jiang Xing , Fu Zhizheng , Liu Chun , Long Jian
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is the most common orbital immunological disease in adults. T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of TAO. However, our knowledge of the circulating T cell subsets in TAO is limited. Objective. To investigate the circulating T cell subsets in TAO and the correlations between them and the activity of TAO. Methods. Thirty-eight TAO patients (19 active and 19 nonactive) were enrolled. The absolute number and percentage of total lymphocytes, CD3+T cells, CD4+T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD3+CD4-CD8-T cells (DNT cells), and CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cells (DPT cells) in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometer. Results. TAO patients were divided into the active group and the nonactive group by the clinical activity score (CAS). The mean CAS was 4 ± 1.11 in the active group and 1.47 ± 0.61 in the nonactive group. No statistical differences were found in gender, age, and the levels of FT3, FT4, TSH, and TRAb between the two groups. The percentage of DNT cells was lower in the active group than in the non-active group, and it was negatively correlated with CAS (r = −0.349,

P
=
0.032

), but not the absolute number. The CD4/CD8 ratio, the absolute number and percentage of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and DPT cells did not differ between the two groups. ConclusionIn the present study, we found the percentage of DNT cells was significantly lesser in the active TAO than in the nonactive TAO, and it was negatively correlated with the activity of the TAO. It suggests that DNT cells may involve in the immunopathogenesis of TAO and can serve as a clinical biomarker of the disease activity.
Force Optimization of Elongated Undulating Fin Robot Using Improved PSO-Based CPG
Authors: Nguyen Van Dong , Tran Quang Duy , Vu Quoc Tuan , Duong Van Tu , Nguyen Huy Hung , Hoang Thi Thom , Nguyen Tan Tien
Published: March 2022

Biorobotic fishes have a huge impact on the development of underwater devices due to both fast swimming speed and great maneuverability. In this paper, an enhanced CPG model is investigated for locomotion control of an elongated undulating fin robot inspired by black knife fish. The proposed CPG network includes sixteen coupled Hopf oscillators for gait generation to mimic fishlike swimming. Furthermore, an enhanced particle swarm optimization (PSO), called differential particle swarm optimization (D-PSO), is introduced to find a set of optimal parameters of the modified CPG network. The proposed D-PSO-based CPG network is not only able to increase the thrust force in order to make the faster swimming speed but also avoid the local maxima for the enhanced propulsive performance of the undulating fin robot. Additionally, a comparison of D-PSO with the traditional PSO and genetic algorithm (GA) has been performed in tuning the parametric values of the CPG model to prove the superiority of the introduced method. The D-PSO-based optimization technique has been tested on the actual undulating fin robot with sixteen fin-rays. The obtained results show that the average propulsive force of the untested material is risen 5.92%, as compared to the straight CPG model.
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Based ABC (Age, Biomarkers, Clinical History)-AF (Atrial Fibrillation)-Bleeding Risk Score for Elderly Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: O U Fan , Chong Tou Kun , Wei Yulin , Lo Cheok Ian , Wu Wei
Published: March 2022

Background. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a strong predictor of bleeding in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. The novel ABC (age, biomarkers, and clinical history), AF, and bleeding risk score outperforms HAS-BLED bleeding risk score for major bleeding (MB) in patients with AF receiving oral anti-coagulation in the clinical trial cohort. However, it has not been entirely externally validated. We aimed to refine and understand the application of the ABC-AF bleeding risk score in elderly (aged ≥65 years old) patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) for predicting the different types of bleeding events and anti-thrombotic treatments. Methods. We identified elderly patients with NVAF between March 2018 and December 2019 who were hospitalized for the first time after a diagnosis of NVAF. We measured the plasma concentration of the ABC biomarkers (growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and cardiac troponin-T (cTnT)) from enrolled patients. We collected their general information and follow up for one year until December 2020. During the follow-up period, information on the occurrence of bleeding events (major bleeding, clinically relevant nonmajor gastrointestinal bleeding (CRNM GIB), and minor bleeding events) was collected. Results. We enrolled 342 elderly NAVF patients; the ABC-AF bleeding and HAS-BLED scores were quantified. With an average of 1.5 years of follow-up, 6 patients had an intracranial hemorrhage; 57 patients had CRNM GIB; and 68 patients had minor bleeding events (36 fecal occult blood positive and 32 other minor bleeding events). The ABC-AF bleeding score yielded a C-index of 0.72 (95% CI 0.60–0.84) for predicting MB in elderly patients with NAVF, C-index of 0.69 (95% CI 0.57–0.82) by HAS-BLED score. Comparison of the incidence of bleeding events during follow-up and the predicted 1-year incidence of bleeding events by each bleeding risk score, ABC-AF bleeding, and HAS-BLED scores have similar value in predicting the risk for elderly patients with NAVF in different types of bleeding events, whether on oral anti-coagulation treatment (OAC) or non-OAC (P > 0.05). Conclusion. In elderly patients with NVAF, the biomarker-based ABC-AF bleeding score showed similar performance compared with the HAS-BLED bleeding risk score.
Improved Optimal Path Finding Algorithm of Multistorey Car Park Based on MCP Protocol
Authors: Liu Zhendong , Li Dongyan , Chen Xi , Lv Xinrong , Yang Yurong , Bai Ke , Qin Mengying , He Zhiqiang , Li Xiaofeng , Dai Qionghai
Published: March 2022

To address the urgent issue of car owners wasting a lot of time because they cannot find empty parking spaces in the largely multistorey car park, the paper conceives a solution including algorithm ParkIG. This scheme uses the infrared photoelectric switch to monitor the parking space status. At the same time, we define a special communication protocol named MCP to analyze the parking space data when analyzing the data transmitted by the photoelectric switch. Algorithm ParkIG is used in finding the nearest empty parking space and optimal path planning. Based on the MCP protocol and navigation system, the algorithm ParkIG initially identifies the layer of multistorey where the car is positioned. Our algorithm ParkIG greatly reduces the time and space size of the search domain and update domain when searching for vacant parking spaces in optimal path planning and ends the algorithm running to avoid a lot of computations that are not essential when the algorithm found an optimal path from the entrance to empty of parking space. Simulation experiments show that the performance of our scheme has been significantly improved, such as the time that it takes for the car owner to search for a vacant parking space is decreased by about 25.8% and reduced the space size of search domain and update domain by 70% compared to the algorithm Dijkstra.
Effects of Homogeneous-Heterogeneous Reactions on Maxwell Ferrofluid in the Presence of Magnetic Dipole along a Stretching Surface: A Numerical Approach
Authors: Tahir W. , Althobaiti Nesreen , Kousar N. , Alhazmi Sharifah E. , Bilal S. , Riaz A.
Published: March 2022

The document is presented to investigate momentum and thermal attributes of Maxwell liquid flow over a stretchable surface by inducting ferrite particles along with taking account of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. Two types of ferrite particles, namely, nickel zinc ferrite

NiZnFe

2

O

4

and magnetite ferrite

Fe

3

O

4

, are considered and non-Newtonian fluid represented by Maxwell model is decided as base fluid blood is used. To elaborate effective use of ferrite particles, magnetization is provided by placing a single dipole. Heat transfer aspects are estimated through Cattaneo-Christov model, which includes thermal relaxation phenomena. The governing equations are changed into ODEs setup by obliging suitable variables. Subsequently, a solution is attained numerically by implementing shooting and RK methods jointly. The impact of involved pertinent parameters on associated momentum and thermal profiles is analyzed in graphical and tabular manner. It is measured that large intensity of homogeneous reaction weakens the concentration field, while ferrohydrodynamic interaction declines the flow velocity.
Temporal Logic-Based Artificial Immune System for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Chen Xiyue , Pang Jianmin
Published: March 2022

Artificial immune system has made many contributions to network security areas, but there are still problems of insufficient detection range and high time cost. This paper presents a Hybrid Detector (HD) mechanism in which temporal logic antigens are proposed. The HD mechanism is constructed by using the advantage of temporal logic to describe time-varying behaviors in system. Finally, simulation experiments were carried out on KDD99 and NSL-KDD datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method can extend the detection range and improve the detection rate. This work proves the possibility of applying temporal logic to AIS system.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Shaker-Type K+ Channel Genes in Prunus persica (L.) Batsch
Authors: Yang Yong , Han Jinlong , Zhang Yue , Lin Shizhuo , Liang Meixia , Zhao Lizi , Song Zhizhong
Published: March 2022

Shaker-type K+ channels are critical for plant K+ acquisition and translocation that play key roles during plant growth and development. However, molecular mechanisms towards K+ channels are extremely rare in fruit trees, especially in peach. In this study, we identified 7 putative shaker-type K+ channel genes from peach, which were unevenly distributed on 5 chromosomes. The peach shaker K+ channel proteins were classified into 5 subfamilies, I-V, and were tightly clustered with pear homologs in the phylogenetic tree. Various cis-acting regulatory elements were detected in the promoter region of the shaker-type K+ channel genes, including phytohormone-responsive, abiotic stress-responsive, and development regulatory elements. The peach shaker K+ channel genes were expressed differentially in distinct tissues, and PpSPIK was specifically expressed in the full-bloom flowers; PpKAT1 and PpGORK were predominantly expressed in the leaves, while PpAKT1, PpKC1, and PpSKOR were majorly expressed in the roots. The peach shaker K+ channel genes were differentially regulated by abiotic stresses in that K+ deficiency, and ABA treatment mainly increased the shaker K+ channel gene expression throughout the whole seedling, whereas NaCl and PEG treatment reduced the shaker K+ channel gene expression, especially in the roots. Moreover, electrophysiological analysis demonstrated that PpSKOR is a typical voltage-dependent outwardly rectifying K+ channel in peach. This study lays a molecular basis for further functional studies of the shaker-type K+ channel genes in peach and provides a theoretical foundation for K+ nutrition and balance research in fruit trees.
The Prescribed Fixed Structure Intelligent Robust Control of an Electrohydraulic Servo System
Authors: Ur Rahman Muhammad Zia , Riaz Muhammad Tanveer , Al Mahmud M. M. Sayed , Rizwan Mohsin , Choudhry Muhammad Ahmad
Published: March 2022

The paper is focused to design a robust and a simple fixed structure

H

∞

control synthesis for an Electrohydraulic Servo System (EHSS) and comparing its performance with the conventional

H

∞

controller and the classical proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The precise position tracking of the piston load of EHSS system using classical PID controller is a difficult task due to some non-linear properties of EHSS and the dynamic behaviour of its parameters. The conventional

H

∞

controllers also have constraints on gain (

H

∞

norm) for typical design requirement such as the speed of response, higher order, complex structure, control bandwidth, and robust stability. To overcome the above limitations, the proposed synthesis is formulated in the MATLAB. The proposed synthesis has fixed order and fixed structure and is also a linear robust controller. The control parameters of proposed synthesis are tuned using Genetic Algorithm optimization in MATLAB. Another advantage of this design is to use higher order complex shaping fillers to shape the close loop sensitivity

S

s

and complementary sensitivity

T

s

for the desired robust performance, without effecting the structure fixed of proposed synthesis. The order of the proposed controller is not affected by using the higher order complex weights transfer functions

W

s

s

and

W

T

s

on sensitivity and complementary sensitivity, respectively, whereas the structure of the conventional

H

∞

controller becomes more complex due to higher order shaping weights. Model of the Electrohydraulic Servo System is validated experimentally, and results of proposed robust synthesis are compared with conventional

H

∞

controller and the classical PID.
Stability Control of a Roadway Surrounding Rock during the Cutting and Pressure Relief of a Coal-Bearing Roof at a Shallow Mining Depth
Authors: Tian Chen , Liu Yingjie , Lou Hezhuang , Jia Tinggui
Published: March 2022

Recent years have seen the widespread use of a new gob-side entry retaining technology, namely, automatic roadway forming based on roof cutting and pressure relief. However, because of the complex geological conditions, stability control methods for the surrounding rock remain unexplored. In this paper, through theoretical analysis, field measurement, and numerical simulation, the stability control of a roadway surrounding rock under roof-cutting and pressure-relief conditions is studied. The key stage in the steady-state control of this type of rock is determined by establishing a mechanical model of the hard roof in the process of automatic roadway formation. The results show that the roof-cutting and pressure-relief technology outperforms the conventional mining technology in terms of surface crack development and subsidence. The roadway roof movement can be divided into three stages: a direct roof-caving activity period, a basic roof-breaking activity period, and a roof-stabilizing period. The stress above the original roadway is gradually transferred to the adjacent working face, and a stress concentration is formed on the working face 6 m away from the roadway retaining section. In this scenario, the roadway is in a stress-reducing area, which ensures its safety. Based on the research results, we suggest adding a constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable near the cutting seam side for active support. A single-hydraulic prop + I-beam + steel mesh can support the working face, and a grouting bolt support can help reinforce the broken and loose surrounding rocks at the gangue-retaining side of the roadway. Thus, the movement of the surrounding rock can be effectively controlled. An industrial test shows that the effect of retaining roadway is evidently improved.
Contextualized Design of IoT (Internet of Things) Finance for Edge Artificial Intelligence Computing
Authors: Guo Yixuan
Published: March 2022

With the widespread application of IoT technology in the world, the new industry of IoT finance has emerged. Under this new business model, commercial banks and other financial institutions can realize safer and more convenient financial services such as payment, financing and asset management through the application of IoT technology and communication network technology. In the cloud computing model, the local terminal device of IOT will transmit the collected data to the cloud server through the network, and the cloud server will complete the data operation. Cloud computing model can well solve the problem of poor performance of IoT devices, but with the increasing number of IoT terminal devices and huge number of devices accessing the network, cloud computing model is constrained by network bandwidth and performance bottleneck, which brings a series of problems such as high latency, poor real-time and low security. In this paper, based on the new industry of IoT finance which is developing rapidly, we construct a POT (Peaks Over Threshold) over threshold model to empirically analyze the operational risk of commercial banks by using the risk loss data of commercial banks, and estimate the corresponding ES values by using the control variables method to measure the operational risk of traditional commercial banks and IoT finance respectively, and compare the total ES values of the two. This paper adopts the control variable method to reduce the frequency of each type of loss events of operational risk of commercial banks in China respectively.
Optimal Allocation of Higher Education Resources Based on Data Mining and Cloud Computing
Authors: Chu Xin , Cao Fei , Jiao Long , Wang Jinxue , Jiao Yumei
Published: March 2022

With the explosion of information and ever-increasing information resources, humanity has entered a brand-new cloud computing era. We are confronted with a brand-new problem: how to quickly and accurately extract the required information from vast information resources. It is even possible to argue that university educational administration is inextricably linked to university teaching accomplishments. The teaching data mining (DM) technology was created in order to extract the required information from vast information resources. People’s ability to find data using cloud computing technology (IT) has improved. This paper analyzes the division and optimal allocation of talent types in universities, in combination with the development strategy and HR characteristics of universities, and provides strategies for the rational allocation of talents in universities, as well as support for the information relationship of HR in universities, using DM technology research. The emergence of DM technology alleviates the problem of data accumulation-induced information explosion. In today’s universities, there are an increasing number of talents. In terms of talent allocation, the information-based talent allocation scheme offers new approaches to talent acquisition and university education development in the modern era.
Association between Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk of Kidney Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Shan , Jiang Zhenwei , Hu Nan
Published: March 2022

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of genetic factors on posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) risk. Methods. Relevant publications were systematically retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to December 2020. Data from eligible case-control and cohort studies were extracted for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association between gene polymorphisms and PTDM in the quantitative meta-analysis. Results. A total of 43 eligible articles were identified, and 16 studies on 9 DNA variants from 8 genes were included in the meta-analysis. TCF7L2 rs7903146 was significantly associated with PTDM risk in 5 genetic models (OR (95% CI): allelic: 1.59 (1.17–2.16),P=0.003; dominant recessive: 1.62 (1.14, 2.31),P=0.007; recessive: 1.87 (1.18, 2.94),P=0.007; homozygote: 2.21 (1.23, 3.94),P=0.008; and heterozygote 1.50 (1.08, 2.10),P=0.017). KCNQ1 rs2237892 was significantly correlated with PTDM risk in 3 genetic models (allelic: 0.68 (0.58, 0.81),P<0.001; dominant: 0.6 (049, 0.74),P<0.001; and heterozygote: 0.61 (0.48, 0.76),P<0.001). KCNJ11 rs5219 was significantly linked with PTDM in the recessive genetic model (1.59 (1.01, 2.50),P=0.047). No significant correlations of PTDM with TCF7L2 rs12255372, SLC30A8 rs13266634, PPARγ rs1801282, CDKN2A/B rs10811661, HHEX rs1111875, and IGF2BP2 rs4402960 polymorphisms were found. Conclusions. The gene polymorphisms of TCF7L2 rs7903146, KCNQ1 rs2237892, and KCNJ11 rs5219 may predispose kidney transplant recipients to PTDM. Large sample size studies on diverse ethnic populations were warranted to confirm our findings.
Improved Algorithm-Based Magnetic Resonance Images Combined with Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Combined with Spinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Jiang Chengming , Jiang Lin , Shi Langtao , Jiang Sainan
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with computed tomography (CT) based on the improved algorithm for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) combined with spinal tuberculosis, so as to provide an effective reference theory for the clinical application of imaging diagnosis. The ResNet and Inception network structure were combined to form an improved convolutional neural grid classification (CNGC) algorithm. The improved algorithm was applied to AIDS patients with spinal tuberculosis to evaluate its diagnostic effect and value. 50 patients with AIDS and spinal tuberculosis and 50 patients with spinal tumors were selected for MRI and CT scans. The results showed that the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the improved ResNet-Inception algorithm were much higher than those of the ResNet18 and GoogLeNet algorithms. In addition, compared with the training losses of ResNet18 and GoogLeNet algorithms that converged after 700 times, the ResNet-Inception algorithm only required 350 times to achieve convergence. Based on the improved ResNet-Inception algorithm, the false positive rate (FPR) of AIDS combined with spinal tuberculosis in imaging examinations was about 4%, which was greatly lower than that of the other two traditional algorithms (

P
<
0.05

). It can be seen that the improved ResNet-Inception algorithm was more valuable than traditional algorithms for MRI combined with CT in the diagnosis of AIDS combined with spinal tuberculosis and showed great clinical value for the diagnosis of the disease and the differential diagnosis of spinal tumors.
The Effect of Ondansetron on the Analgesic Efficacy of Tramadol in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Bilgen Sevgi , Erdoğan Ari Dilek , Özveri Emel
Published: March 2022

Purpose. Investigating the effect of ondansetron on the efficacy of tramadol in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods. Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II patients over the age of 18 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in this study. All patients were given 1 mg/kg tramadol intravenously (iv) during the intraoperative period. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 4 mg ondansetron (Group O) or 2 mL saline (Group S). Postoperative tramadol consumption, pain score (NRS), intensity of nausea (NRS), presence of vomiting, consumption of rescue analgesics and antiemetics, and patient satisfaction were recorded. Results. A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study; five patients were excluded due to deviation from the protocol. Data from 55 patients (Group O: 28 patients, Group S: 27 patients) were evaluated in the study. No differences between the two groups were detected for postoperative consumption of tramadol, pain score (NRS), intensity of nausea (NRS), presence of vomiting, consumption of rescue analgesics and antiemetics, and patient satisfaction. Conclusions. The results showed that coadministration of tramadol and ondansetron did not change tramadol consumption during the postoperative 24 hours after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Clinical trial registration number is as follows: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04745273—01/31/2021.
Deep Learning in Healthcare System for Quality of Service
Authors: Bordoloi Dibyahash , Singh Vijay , Sanober Sumaya , Buhari Seyed Mohamed , Ujjan Javed Ahmed , Boddu Rajasekhar
Published: March 2022

Deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) have a pivotal role in logistic supply chain management and smart manufacturing with proven records. The ability to handle large complex data with minimal human intervention made DL and ML a success in the healthcare systems. In the present healthcare system, the implementation of ML and DL is extensive to achieve a higher quality of service and quality of health to patients, doctors, and healthcare professionals. ML and DL were found to be effective in disease diagnosis, acute disease detection, image analysis, drug discovery, drug delivery, and smart health monitoring. This work presents a state-of-the-art review on the recent advancements in ML and DL and their implementation in the healthcare systems for achieving multi-objective goals. A total of 10 papers have been thoroughly reviewed that presented novel works of ML and DL integration in the healthcare system for achieving various targets. This will help to create reference data that can be useful for future implementation of ML and DL in other sectors of healthcare system.
Microscopic Evolution of Pore Characteristics and Particle Orientation of Granite Residual Soil in One-Dimensional Compression
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhang Xianwei , Liu Xinyu , Xu Yiqing , Lu Jianfeng
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the microstructural changes of granite residual soil (GRS) upon compression, the aim being to understand further the deformation mechanism from a microscopic perspective and establish the relationship between the mechanical behavior and microstructural characteristics of GRS. By means of (i) experimental compression tests with different loadings and (ii) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the structural evolution of GRS during compression tests is investigated systematically from both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Microstructural characteristics including particle morphology, pore size distribution, and particle preferred orientation are investigated specifically through SEM quantification methods. With an obvious turning point, thee–log σv′curve for natural GRS approaches the intrinsic compression line gradually when the vertical pressure exceeds the preconsolidation pressure, which indicates the significant influence of cementation bonding on the mechanical behavior of intact GRS. At the microscopic scale, the deformation of natural GRS is attributed to the compression and transformation of large pores, while the deformation of remolded GRS is also related to the transformation from mesopores to small pores. Upon compression loading, particles show higher preferred direction angle perpendicular to vertical loading, thereby facilitating the preferred orientation. With increasing vertical loading, the microfabric can no longer sustain the initial alignment pattern and tends to be rearranged and reoriented into a more stable and stronger structure. This study offers guidance for the deformation analysis of subgrade related to GRS.
Overexpression of miRNA-93-5p Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma via Inhibition of KLF9
Authors: Li Tao , Xu Qingjiang , Wei Yongbao , Lin Rongcheng , Hong Zhiwei , Zeng Rong , Hu Weilie , Wu Xiang
Published: March 2022

We focused on studying the effects of a key miRNA-mRNA axis in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC). Firstly, miRNAs and mRNAs differentially expressed in BUC were analyzed. Clinical information in the TCGA database was used for survival analysis, and the regulator of miRNA-93-5p was predicted. miRNA-93-5p and KLF9 mRNA expression were detected by qRT-PCR. Protein level detection and targeting measurement were, respectively, achieved by western blot and dual-luciferase approaches. The proliferative, invasive, and migratory abilities were tested through CCK-8, Transwell, and wound healing methods. Cell apoptosis in each group was detected through flow cytometry. As discovered, miRNA-93-5p level was markedly high in BUC cells while KLF9 expression was remarkably low. miRNA-93-5p overexpression promoted BUC cell abilities. Besides, miRNA-93-5p inhibited KLF9 expression. Furthermore, KLF9 overexpression dramatically attenuated such promotion on cancer cell abilities. On the whole, miRNA-93-5p/KLF9 axis facilitated BUC progression, offering a new potential target for BUC patients.
Modeling of Strong Wind-Sand Dielectric Streamer Discharge
Authors: Kang Yongqiang , Shi Zhipeng , Li Shuaibing
Published: March 2022

Due to the complex and harsh climate environment in Northwest China, the external insulation of power lines and high-speed train are exposed to strong wind-sand environment all year round, which brings severe challenges to the external insulation design and protection of the electric systems. Based on the theories of streamer discharge, the plate-plate electrode was taken as the analysis object, and a theoretical physical model of the strong wind-sand dielectric discharge is established. In this model, the analytical expressions of electron ionization coefficient and positive ion generation coefficient in a wind-sand environment are deduced considering the combined effects of the airflow velocity, the distortion of the electric field caused by sand particles, and the electrons captured by sand particles in the discharge process; furthermore, the streamer breakdown criterion in wind-sand environment is proposed. Research results can provide an important theoretical basis for the quantitative calculation of the breakdown voltage and the external insulation protection in a strong wind-sand environment.
Elucidating the Correlation of D-Dimer Levels with COVID-19 Severity: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nasif Wesam Ahmed , El-Moursy Ali Abeer Shaker , Hasan Mukhtar Mohammed , Alhuzali Aali Marzouq H. , Yahya Alnashri Yahya Ahmed , Ahmed Gadah Ziyad Ishaq , Edrees Eyyad Adeeb A. , Albarakati Hussam Abdulaziz Mabruk , Muhji Aloufi Hussam Saud
Published: March 2022

Aims. The review explores the findings of previous studies to elucidate the association between levels of D-dimer and COVID-19 severity and prognosis. In addition, we assessed the efficiency of anticoagulant therapies in reducing COVID-19 severity and improving the prognosis of the patients. Materials and Methods. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed databases, Scopus, and Web of Science with the help of keywords “COVID-19,” “D-Dimer,” “Thrombosis,” “Fibrin network,” “Anticoagulant therapy,” “Inflammation,” and “disease severity.” Based on all these articles and clinical experience, a scoping review was constructed and the full texts of the articles that were retrieved were accessed. Results. A D-dimer is a complex protein molecule that is formed during plasmin-mediated degradation of the fibrin network. Thus, it serves as a marker of thrombotic activity. On the other hand, in addition to severe respiratory distress and reduction in pulmonary gas exchange, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also triggers prothrombotic changes in the infected individuals. The levels of D-dimer have been postulated to be positively associated with the degree of disease severity among COVID-19 patients. Conclusions. It has been postulated that D-dimer could potentially be used as a biomarker to predict the prognosis and outcome of COVID-19 patients at the time of admission to hospitals and facilitate more personalized and efficient clinical management that could significantly reduce the mortality rate of such patients and allow more rapid recovery.
Atherosclerosis Vascular Endothelial Secretion Dysfunction and Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Authors: Li Junxi , Fu Xinying , Yang Renyi , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2022

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall and the main cause of cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. In recent years, the mortality rate of atherosclerotic diseases has become higher and higher. This article aims to study the dysregulation of atherosclerotic vascular endothelial secretion and smooth muscle cell proliferation, and put forward and practice the pathological research of atherosclerotic disease. This article describes in detail atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, and studies the causes of atherosclerosis. Research results indicate that atherosclerotic vascular endothelial dysfunction also has a great influence on the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Many genes and environmental factors can regulate the functions of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and mononuclear macrophages and affect the formation of atherosclerosis. At the same time, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, etc. are the main causes of atherosclerosis. The number of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases dying from atherosclerosis in the country is increasing, and the proportion is close to 30%.
Nursing Observation of Improved Administration Route of Protamine Sulfate Neutralizing Heparin
Authors: Hu Jia , Zeng Suiting , Wang Ziqi , Chen Qiuping , Shi Ya , Wu Yuanzhou
Published: March 2022

In this study, we have evaluated and examined various nursing effects of improved administration of protamine sulfate neutralizing heparin after cardiopulmonary bypass. For this purpose, retrospective analysis was made about the nursing records and clinical data of 216 patients who underwent cardiac operation under cardiopulmonary bypass in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. Among the enrolled patients, 118 patients were given subinterval administration of protamine sulfate neutralizing heparin via aortic root with the assistance of the scrub nurse at the end of cardiac surgery (improved group). A total of 98 patients were administered by the circulating nurse via the central vein (regular group). The changes of body temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation before and after heparin neutralization, and the total volume of thoracic drainage within 24 hours after operation were observed in the two groups, so as to evaluate the application effect of the improved administration of protamine sulfate neutralizing heparin from the perspective of nursing. There was no significant difference in age, gender, and other basic characteristics between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). The volume of drainage in the improved group and the regular group within 24 hours after surgery was 234 ± 26.3 ml and 307 ± 31.8 ml, respectively,

P
<
0.01

, and the difference was statistically significant. The incidence of adverse reactions in the improved group was much lower than that in the regular group,

P
<
0.01

. The administration route of the improved group was beneficial to maintain the stability of hemodynamics when using the protamine sulfate to neutralize heparin, which is worthy of clinical nursing promotion.
Feature Extraction of Museum Big Data Text Information Based on the Similarity Mapping Algorithm
Authors: Yang Zhe , Wang Huiqin , Tang Qixuan , Wang Ting , Wang Shaowen , Kong Yulei
Published: March 2022

Under big data, a large number of features, as well as their complex data types, make traditional feature extraction and knowledge reasoning unable to adapt to new conditions. To solve these problems, this study proposes a museum big data feature extraction method based on a similarity mapping algorithm. Under the museum big data analysis, the museum big data text information is collected through web crawler technology. The web crawler is used to index the content of websites all across the Internet so that the museum websites can appear in search engine results and the collected text information is denoised and smoothed by a Gaussian filter to construct the processed text information set mapping matrix. The semantic similarity is computed according to the text word concept. Based on the calculation results, through word frequency and document probability inverse document frequency weight, the museum big data text information features are extracted. Simulation results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and short extraction time. Through the comparative analysis, it can be realized that this method not only solves the problems existing in traditional methods but also lays a foundation for the analysis of museum massive data.
Experimental Design Analysis of Murexide Dye Removal by Carbon Produced from Waste Biomass Material
Authors: Dhahri Rimene , Guizani Mokhtar , Yılmaz Murat , Mechi Lassaad , Dhahi Alsukaibi Abdulmohsen Khalaf , Alimi Fathi , Salem Ridha ben , Moussaoui Younes
Published: March 2022

The aim of this work is to investigate the adsorption of an anionic dye, the Murexide (MX) present in aqueous solution, on activated carbon, derived from prickly pear seed cake biomass after bio-oil extraction. The obtained adsorbent used was characterized by Bohem titration, pH of point of zero charge (pHPZC), FTIR spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (SBET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The different experimental parameters of the adsorption process, such as temperature, contact time, initial dye concentration, and adsorbent dose, were studied. For the optimization of the process, the effects of these parameters were investigated using the full factorial experimental design methodology. Design Expert 11.1.2.0 Trial software was used for generating the statistical experimental design and analysing the observed data. Langmuir and Freundlich’s adsorption models were employed to provide a description of the equilibrium isotherm. The adsorption process was found to obey Langmuir, which indicates that the Murexide had formed a monolayer onto activated carbon. Furthermore, according to the regression coefficients, it was observed that the kinetic adsorption data can fit better by the pseudo-second-order model compared to the first-order Lagergren’s model. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of Murexide occurs in a spontaneous and exothermic process. The regeneration process of the exhausted adsorbent was studied to assess the economic and operational feasibility. According to the obtained findings, it is proposed that the activated carbon prepared from prickly pear seed cake retains a high potential for Murexide removal and is suitable for repetitive usage.
Exploiting LRRC15 as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Cancer
Authors: Ray Upasana , Pathoulas Christopher L. , Thirusangu Prabhu , Purcell James W. , Kannan Nagarajan , Shridhar Viji
Published: March 2022

Abundant fibrotic stroma is a typical feature of most solid tumors, and stromal activation promotes oncogenesis, therapy resistance, and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Therefore, targeting the tumor stroma in combination with standard-of-care therapies has become a promising therapeutic strategy in recent years. The leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 15 (LRRC15) is involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and came into focus as a promising anticancer target owing to its overexpression in mesenchymal-derived tumors such as sarcoma, glioblastoma, and melanoma and in cancer-associated fibroblasts in the microenvironment of breast, head and neck, lung, and pancreatic tumors. Effective targeting of LRRC15 using specific antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) has the potential to improve the outcome of patients with LRRC15-positive (LRRC15+) cancers of mesenchymal origin or stromal desmoplasia. Moreover, LRRC15 expression may serve as a predictive biomarker that could be utilized in the preclinical assessment of cancer patients to support personalized clinical outcomes. This review focuses on the role of LRRC15 in cancer, including clinical trials involving LRRC15-targeted therapies, such as the ABBV-085 ADC for patients with LRRC15+ tumors. This review spans perceived knowledge gaps and highlights the clinical avenues that need to be explored to provide better therapeutic outcomes in patients.
IL15 and Anti–PD-1 Augment the Efficacy of Agonistic Intratumoral Anti-CD40 in a Mouse Model with Multiple TRAMP-C2 Tumors
Authors: Chen Wei , Bamford Richard N. , Edmondson Elijah F. , Waldmann Thomas A.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

IL15 promotes activation and maintenance of natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T effector memory cells making it a potential immunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. However, monotherapy with IL15 was ineffective in patients with cancer, indicating that it would have to be used in combination with other anticancer agents. The administration of high doses of common gamma chain cytokines, such as IL15, is associated with the generation of “helpless” antigen-nonspecific CD8 T cells. The generation of the tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells can be mediated by CD40 signaling via agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies. Nevertheless, parenteral administration of anti-CD40 antibodies is associated with unacceptable side effects, such as thrombocytopenia and hepatic toxicity, which can be avoided by intratumoral administration.

Experimental Design:

We investigated the combination of IL15 with an intratumoral anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in a dual tumor TRAMP-C2 murine prostate cancer model and expanded the regimen to include an anti–PD-1 mAb.

Results:

Here we demonstrated that anti-CD40 given intratumorally not only showed significant antitumor activity in treated tumors, but also noninjected contralateral tumors, indicative of abscopal efficacy. The combination of IL15 with intratumoral anti-CD40 showed an additive immune response with an increase in the number of tumor-specific tetramer-positive CD8 T cells. Furthermore, the addition of anti–PD-1 further improved efficacy mediated by the anti-CD40/IL15 combination.

Conclusions:

These studies support the initiation of a clinical trial in patients with cancer using IL15 in association with the checkpoint inhibitor, anti–PD-1, and intratumoral optimized anti-CD40.
Melanoma-Secreted Amyloid Beta Suppresses Neuroinflammation and Promotes Brain Metastasis
Authors: Kleffman Kevin , Levinson Grace , Rose Indigo V.L. , Blumenberg Lili M. , Shadaloey Sorin A.A. , Dhabaria Avantika , Wong Eitan , Galán-Echevarría Francisco , Karz Alcida , Argibay Diana , Von Itter Richard , Floristán Alfredo , Baptiste Gillian , Eskow Nicole M. , Tranos James A. , Chen Jenny , Vega y Saenz de Miera Eleazar C. , Call Melissa , Rogers Robert , Jour George , Wadghiri Youssef Zaim , Osman Iman , Li Yue-Ming , Mathews Paul , DeMattos Ronald B. , Ueberheide Beatrix , Ruggles Kelly V. , Liddelow Shane A. , Schneider Robert J. , Hernando Eva
Published: March 2022

Brain metastasis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple cancer types and represents an unmet clinical need. The mechanisms that mediate metastatic cancer growth in the brain parenchyma are largely unknown. Melanoma, which has the highest rate of brain metastasis among common cancer types, is an ideal model to study how cancer cells adapt to the brain parenchyma. Our unbiased proteomics analysis of melanoma short-term cultures revealed that proteins implicated in neurodegenerative pathologies are differentially expressed in melanoma cells explanted from brain metastases compared with those derived from extracranial metastases. We showed that melanoma cells require amyloid beta (Aβ) for growth and survival in the brain parenchyma. Melanoma-secreted Aβ activates surrounding astrocytes to a prometastatic, anti-inflammatory phenotype and prevents phagocytosis of melanoma by microglia. Finally, we demonstrate that pharmacologic inhibition of Aβ decreases brain metastatic burden.

Significance:

Our results reveal a novel mechanistic connection between brain metastasis and Alzheimer's disease, two previously unrelated pathologies; establish Aβ as a promising therapeutic target for brain metastasis; and demonstrate suppression of neuroinflammation as a critical feature of metastatic adaptation to the brain parenchyma.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1171
Circulating Tregs Accumulate in Omental Tumors and Acquire Adipose-Resident Features
Authors: Liu Mingyong , Starenki Dmytro , Scharer Christopher D. , Silva-Sanchez Aaron , Molina Patrick A. , Pollock Jennifer S. , Cooper Sara J. , Arend Rebecca C. , Rosenberg Alexander F. , Randall Troy D. , Meza-Perez Selene
Published: March 2022

Tumors that metastasize in the peritoneal cavity typically end up in the omental adipose tissue, a particularly immune-suppressive environment that includes specialized adipose-resident regulatory T cells (Treg). Tregs rapidly accumulate in the omentum after tumor implantation and potently suppress antitumor immunity. However, it is unclear whether these Tregs are recruited from the circulation or derived from preexisting adipose-resident Tregs by clonal expansion. Here we show that Tregs in tumor-bearing omenta predominantly have thymus-derived characteristics. Moreover, naïve tumor antigen-specific CD4+ T cells fail to differentiate into Tregs in tumor-bearing omenta. In fact, Tregs derived from the pretumor repertoire are sufficient to suppress antitumor immunity and promote tumor growth. However, tumor implantation in the omentum does not promote Treg clonal expansion, but instead leads to increased clonal diversity. Parabiosis experiments show that despite tissue-resident (noncirculating) characteristics of omental Tregs in naïve mice, tumor implantation promotes a rapid influx of circulating Tregs, many of which come from the spleen. Finally, we show that newly recruited Tregs rapidly acquire characteristics of adipose-resident Tregs in tumor-bearing omenta. These data demonstrate that most Tregs in omental tumors are recruited from the circulation and adapt to their environment by altering their homing, transcriptional, and metabolic properties.