bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of three assertive outreach teams
Authors: Macpherson Rob , Thyarappa Praveen , Riley Genevieve , Steer Hannah , Blackburn Mike , Foy Chris
Published: July 2013

Aims and method

To evaluate outcomes for service users during their first year of treatment in three English assertive outreach teams. Changes in health and social functioning, engagement with services, service use and need (rated by staff and service users) were evaluated.

Results

In 49 service users we found a significant increase in mean staff-rated met needs up to 6 months of treatment. There were no significant changes in ratings of engagement or Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) scores at 6 and 12 months. Unmet needs rated by service users and staff showed a non-significant trend for improvement across a range of individual health and social domains. Duration of hospital admission reduced significantly between the 12 months before the evaluation and the 12 months of the evaluation. Formal and informal admission and levels of contact with crisis teams reduced over the study period.

Clinical implications

Although these results offer some support to the assertive outreach approach, further research in larger samples is needed to identify which changes in health and social functioning are associated with transfer to assertive outreach teams.
Public mental health: the local tangibles
Authors: Campion Jonathan
Published: July 2013

Public mental health involves a number of important elements relevant to psychiatrists. This includes estimation of the level and impact of unmet need for treatment of mental disorder, prevention of mental disorder and promotion of mental well-being particularly in higher-risk groups. In the UK, the majority of people with mental disorder receive no intervention. This is despite the large impact and costs of mental disorder and existence of cost-effective interventions which result in economic savings even in the short term. Furthermore, spend is virtually absent for interventions to prevent mental disorder and promote mental well-being despite prominence within government policy and a good evidence base. At a time of budget cuts, local information about level, impact and costs of such unmet need as well as effective interventions are important to accurately inform the required investment for treatment of mental disorder, its prevention and promotion of mental well-being. Information about impact of interventions including economic savings across a broad range of sectors can also be estimated. This article summarises recent public mental health commissioning guidance which provides such information.
Dr Nathaniel Minton MA, DPM, FRCPsych
Authors: Clein Lewis
Published: July 2013

Formerly consultant psychiatrist, St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey, The Priory, and Capio Nightingale Hospital, London

Dr Nathaniel Minton, who was born on 28 May 1935, had a unique training in psychiatry for a British graduate, because he spent 3 years (1965–1968) training in psychoanalysis and depth psychotherapy at the C.G.Jung Institute in Zurich, trained individually by Jolande Jacobi, Jung's senior deputy. When later, in 1979, he became a consultant psychiatrist at St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey, he was also recognised as being a psychotherapist at the Royal Holloway University of London.
Determination of AMBER Force Field Parameters for Thioester by Quantum Chemical Calculations
Authors: Oda Akifumi , Fukuyoshi Shuichi , Nakagaki Ryoichi , Takahashi Ohgi
Published: July 2013

The AMBER force field parameters around the sulfur atom of the thioester moiety were determined by high-accuracy quantum chemical calculations. The atomic charges of acetylcysteine were also calculated. The quantum chemical and molecular mechanical calculations of short peptides including acetylcysteine were carried out, and the results were compared to evaluate the new parameters.
„Nasz klient, nasz pan”, czyli tłumaczenie jako produkt na rynku usług językowych
Authors: Sanocka Karolina
Published: July 2013

“Customers’ reign”: translation as a product on the market of linguistic services. Demand, processes, quality and management

Since ten years, the market of language services has been witnessing a change in thinking patterns and approaches. One of the crucial changes is the shift in perception of translation which is no longer seen as a translation activity, but as a product to be sold. This article describes four elements of the market: demand, processes, quality and management, which transform translation into a product. The analysis of those aspects allows to characterize the present situation on the market and define the place occupied in it by the translation activity.
Kształcenie tłumaczy a samokształcenie, czyli o poszukiwaniu metod wykorzystania w dydaktyce doświadczeń zawodowych tłumaczy
Authors: Albin Joanna
Published: July 2013

Translator training and translators’ self‑learning. How to take advantage of professionals’ experience to train translators?

This paper is aimed to define the translation activity as a range of actions much wider than just language processing. It includes interactions with clients, financial and office management, research, advertising and learning. Learning itself applies to all the translator’s actions, but it also should be seen as a metacognitive mechanism, and a manifestation of the translator’s self‑reflection, which also can be improved. This paper uses the results of a research conducted with translators of Spanish, which proved the existence of self‑learning practices among translators and the utility of self‑learning strategies in their professional life. Thus, the aim of this paper is to consider the methods of training the translation students to use self‑learning strategies.
Intersemiotic aids in translation teaching
Authors: Kaźmierczak Marta
Published: July 2013

Intersemiotyczne pomoce w dydaktyce przekładu

Przedmiotem artykułu jest wykorzystanie źródeł ikonicznych i fonicznych jako pomocy w pracy tłumacza oraz w ramach zajęć z praktyki przekładu. Przedstawiono przykłady typów tekstów i sytuacji, w jakich może wystąpić potrzeba odwołania się do materiałów pozawerbalnych, np. odniesienie do ikonografii wydaje się oczywiste przy tłumaczeniu tekstów o sztuce, do materiałów audio – przy tekstach poświęconych muzyce, ale okazuje się to pomocne również przy wypracowywaniu rozwiązań przekładowych w pracy nad innym materiałem. Autorka podkreśla wagę uświadomienia studentom konieczności wychodzenia poza tekst werbalny w celu zagwarantowania poprawności przekładu.
Transmutation of worlds: Adaptation and transformation in Fullmetal Alchemist the Movie: Conqueror of Shamballa
Authors: Chao Tien-yi
Published: July 2013

Fullmetal Alchemist, a Japanese manga series by Hiromu Arakawa, has achieved global success since its debut in 2001. The work has numerous multimedia adaptations, ranging from animations (including two TV animations and OVA), films, radio drama, PC games and light novels. Not all the adaptations follow the original story; many of them contain alternative or even original plots. If the manga series serves as the kernel of Arakawa’s masterpiece, then some of these adaptations may have become the author’s ‘official fan art’ of the manga, given the extent of changes to the contents and the characterization.

Within this backdrop, my study focuses on the intertextuality between the manga version of Fullmetal Alchemist and the film Conqueror of Shamballa (Mizushima, 2011). I argue that Conqueror of Shamballa deviates drastically from the manga in terms of both the setting and the visual narrative. The film features an alternative ‘parallel universe’ to the universe in the manga; this parallel universe (the Earth in the 1930s) appears more like the real human world in history than the hometown of Edward and Alphonse Elric. The two worlds, one accommodating the wandering Edward while the other inhabited by his friends and family, are linked by nothing but the Gate of Alchemy. In order to explore the representation of alternative reality and parallel universe in the film, I apply theories of adaptation to my study of Fullmetal Alchemist and Conqueror of Shamballa. I contend that the film adaptation orchestrates ‘multiple realities’ by means of duplicating, recreating and parodying the characters, the space and the plot of the original manga version.
Reviews
Authors: Grennan Simon , Morton Drew , Teles Emília , Neri Jéssica , Araújo Jônathas , Senna João , Veloso Francisco
Published: July 2013

Comics Versus Art, Bart Beaty (2012) Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 274 pp., 97844262044, Paperback, £19

The Poetics of Slumberland: Animated Spirits and the Animating Spirit, Scott Bukatman (2012) Berkeley: University of California Press, 286 pp., 9780520265714, Hardback, $70. 9780520265721, Paperback, $30

Viñetas Serias 2012

Linguistics and the Study of Comic Books, Frank Bramlett (ed.), (2012) London: Palgrave and Macmillan, 328 pp., Hardback, $85. ISBN: 9780230362826
Register in the guise of genre: Instrumental adaptation in the early comics of Grennan & Sperandio
Authors: Grennan Simon
Published: July 2013

The method of analysis of communications registers outlined by linguists Douglas Biber and Susan Conrad, begins with the identification of what they call the ‘situational characteristics’ of a register. These characteristics are as much social as material. They claim that before a register can be identified or expressive content considered, the analyst must undertake a sociology of the text. Following Biber and Conrad, this article will describe ways in which readers’ expectations of the content of comics, or comics’ genres, are an underlying characteristic of the ‘situation’ of comics as a register. It will propose that, unlike other registers, the apprehension of the comics register as a genre constitutes an ongoing process of adaptation in which the influence of prior knowledge destabilizes rather than stabilizes the register. To do this, it will analyse the adaptation by artists Simon Grennan and Christopher Sperandio, of specific examples of cover art from EC comics of the 1950s in the covers of their comics. Rather than comparing the original covers with their adaptations as expressive form, this analysis will discuss how the adapted cover images represent the instrumental use of the relationship between comics genres and comics as a register, in which the artists self-consciously conflate the two in order to manipulate the ‘situational characteristics’ in which each comic is read. This approach demonstrates the productive instability of the comics register itself: that is, the register’s availability to adaptation. Evidenced by local newspaper headlines of which they are the topic (Bradford Telegraph and Argus 1996, Eastern Daily Press 2005), Grennan & Sperandio’s comics appear generic in order to adapt the register, and in doing so communicate well outside comic genres. There is no horror, romance, crime, autobiography, confessional or super power in them. Rather, their content constitutes oral history, museology or education. Considered as examples of register, these are comics with ulterior motives. The comics register allows and disallows sets of specific expressions, which are quite different from, although affected by, the sets of expressions allowed and disallowed by comics genres. The overlaps between register and genres (or between the ‘situational characteristics’ and the expectation of content), engender adaptation, parody, appropriation and non-sequiturs. This article will argue that these relationships are formed at the level of register as much as genre, so that each new set of ‘situational characteristics’ of readings, is an adaptation of the register that productively destabilizes genres, and that this is a definition of adaptation itself.
Reference interval studies: what is the maximum number of samples recommended?
Authors: Hawkins Robert C. , Badrick Tony
Published: July 2013

Background: Little attention has been paid to the maximum number of specimens for reference interval calculation, i.e., the number of specimens beyond which there is no further benefit in reference interval calculation. We present a model for the estimation of the maximum number of specimens for reference interval studies based on setting the 90% confidence interval of the reference limits to be equal to the analyte reporting interval.

Methods: Equations describing the bounds on the upper and lower 90% confidence intervals for logarithmically transformed and untransformed data were derived and applied to determine the maximum number of specimens required to calculate a reference interval for 12 common chemistry and hematology analytes.

Results: Maximum sample sizes ranged from 126 to 18,171 and depended on the standard deviation of the population, any transformation involved and on the chosen reporting interval.

Conclusions: This paper demonstrates the importance of the influence of reporting interval on reference intervals. Using this technique can reduce the cost of determining a reference interval by identifying the maximum number of specimens required.
Electrochemical studies of U(VI)/U(IV) redox reaction in 1M H2SO4at single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) modified gold (Au) electrode
Authors: Gupta Ruma , Aggarwal Suresh K.
Published: July 2013

Electrochemistry of U(VI)/U(IV) couple in 1 M H2SO4was studied on bare and SWCNT modified gold (Au) electrodes by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The gold electrode modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-Au) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrocatalysis of U(VI)/U(IV) redox reaction was observed on SWCNT-Au. The lower charge transfer resistance at SWCNT-Au promoted the rate of electron transfer reaction of U(VI)/U(IV) couple. These results are interesting to develop electroanalytical methodologies for uranium determination using SWCNT modified electrodes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the electrocatalysis of uranium on SWCNT modified electrode.
Production and separation of 97Ru and coproduced 95Tc from 12C-induced reaction on yttrium target
Authors: Maiti Moumita
Published: July 2013

An attempt has been made to produce no-carrier-added (nca) 97Ru for the first time from the 12C-induced reaction on yttrium target. A natY foil of 10 mg/cm2 thickness was irradiated by 75 MeV 12C beams for 3.5 h and a thick target yield of 514 kBq/μA h for 97Ru and 338 kBq/μA h for 95Tc was achieved. The nca 97Ru and coproduced nca 95Tc were then radiochemically separated from the bulk target by liquid–liquid extraction (LLX). Liquid cation exchanger di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP), liquid anion exchanger trioctylamine (TOA) were used in this study. The technique offers efficient chemical separation of the products, resulting in very high separation factors.
Scientifically Based Strategies for Enteral Feeding in Premature Infants
Authors: Parker Leslie A. , Neu Josef , Torrazza Roberto Murgas , Li Yuefeng
Published: July 2013

Feeding intolerance and necrotizing enterocolitis are relatively common occurrences in very low birthweight infants in the NICU. Fear of these disorders can significantly affect decisions regarding initiation, advancement, and withholding of enteral feedings. Lack of sufficient enteral feedings and complications related to parenteral nutrition increase neonatal morbidity, thereby emphasizing the need for safe evidence-based feeding decisions and guidelines. Unfortunately, evidence to guide feeding practices is often limited, making clinical decisions and the formulation of guidelines difficult. This article discusses controversies regarding the enteral feeding of very low birthweight infants and includes current scientific evidence supporting and/or refuting specific feeding practices.
CMP at the Wafer Edge – Modeling the Interaction between Wafer Edge Geometry and Polish Performance
Authors: Xie Xiaolin , Boning Duane
Published: July 2013

As the drive to improve integrated circuit manufacturing yield continues, renewed attention is being paid to the edge of the wafer. The industry is seeking to reduce the edge exclusion region and achieve good performance to within 2 mm or smaller. This creates substantial challenges, both for CMP and for the starting wafer. In this work, we consider two key elements that play a role in non-uniform polish near the edge of the wafer.

First, we study the impact of localized pressure on the edge of the wafer as a function of the wafer and retaining ring pressures, gap separation between wafer and retaining ring, and pad material properties (pad Young's modulus). Simulations show that several millimeters into the wafer from the edge can polish either more quickly or more slowly than the center of the wafer, depending on the combination of these parameters. Second, we also consider the impact of wafer edge roll-off (the specific thickness or front surface elevation of the wafer geometry) on polishing uniformity. We again find that the polish uniformity can be affected dramatically, depending on the details of the starting wafer geometry.

We believe that several innovations and optimizations are likely to arise in order to meet future wafer edge polish uniformity requirements. These include tool geometry and process improvements, tailoring of the pad material properties, and starting wafer edge geometry optimization and control.
Tillage, Cropping Sequence, and Nitrogen Fertilization Influence Dryland Soil Nitrogen
Authors: Sainju Upendra M.
Published: July 2013

Management practices can reduce N losses through N leaching and N2O emissions (a greenhouse gas) by increasing soil N storage. The effects of tillage, cropping sequence, and N fertilization rate were studied on N contents in dryland crop biomass, surface residue, and soil at the 0‐ to 120‐cm depth, and estimated N balance from 2006 to 2011 in eastern Montana. Treatments were no‐till continuous malt barley (Hordeum vulgaris L.) (NTCB), no‐till malt barley–pea (Pisum sativum L.) (NTB–P), no‐till malt barley–fallow (NTB–F), and conventional till malt barley–fallow (CTB–F), each with 0 to 120 kg N ha–1. Biomass and surface residue N increased with increased N rate and were greater in NTB–P or NTCB than CTB–F and NTB–F in all years, except in 2006 and 2011. Soil total nitrogen (STN) at 0 to 60 cm decreased from 2006 to 2011 at 254 kg N ha–1 yr–1, regardless of treatments. At most depths, soil NH4–N content varied, but NO3–N content was greater in CTB–F than other cropping sequences. Estimated N balance was greater in NTB–P with 40 kg N ha–1 than other treatments. No‐till continuous cropping increased biomass and surface residue N, but conventional till crop–fallow increased soil available N. Because of increased soil N storage and reduced N requirement to malt barley, NTB–P with 40 kg N ha–1 may reduce N loss due to leaching, volatilization, and denitrification compared to other treatments.
Fundamentals of Experimental Design: Guidelines for Designing Successful Experiments
Authors: Casler Michael D.
Published: July 2013

We often think of experimental designs as analogous to recipes in a cookbook. We look for something that we like, something that satisfies our needs, and frequently return to those that have become our long‐standing favorites. We can easily become complacent, favoring the tried‐and‐true designs (or recipes) over those that contain unknown or untried ingredients or those that are too complex for our tastes and skills. Instead, I prefer to think of experimental designs as a creative series of decisions that are meant to solve one or more problems. These problems may be real or imagined—we may have direct evidence of a past or current problem or we may simply want insurance against future potential problems. The most significant manifestation of a “problem” or a “failed” design is unsatisfactory P values that prevent us from developing inferences about treatment differences. Four basic tenets or pillars of experimental design— replication, randomization, blocking, and size of experimental units— can be used creatively, intelligently, and consciously to solve both real and perceived problems in comparative experiments. Because research is expensive, both in terms of grant funds and the emotional costs invested in grant competition and administration, biological experiments should be designed under the mantra “failure is not an option.” Guidelines and advice provided in this review are designed to reduce the probability of failure for researchers who are willing to question, evaluate, and possibly modify their decision‐making processes.
Genetic Variation in Barley Enables a High Quality Injera, the Ethiopian Staple Flat Bread, Comparable to Tef
Authors: Abraha Addis , Uhlen Anne Kjersti , Abay Fetien , Sahlstrøm Stefan , Bjørnstad Åsmund
Published: July 2013

Injera, a thin flat bread and a staple in Ethiopia, is made from fermented dough primarily from tef [Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter]. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are cheaper sources for injera but are considered to be of inferior quality. This study investigates varietal differences in injera quality and the possibility to improve barley injera quality by breeding. Eleven barley varieties and tef were evaluated for injera quality through participatory sensory evaluations and flour compositional analyses. Significant differences in sensory injera quality were observed where at least two barley varieties (Haftusene and Himblil, released in 2011) were found to have injera quality equal to tef. Partial least squares regression was used to build models to predict injera sensory quality from pasting properties. These models allowed the separation of Haftusene and Himblil from varieties with lower quality. To investigate if the high injera quality of Himblil was heritable, it was crossed to the intermediate quality Saesa, and 14 F3:7 families were evaluated. The evaluation suggests transgressive segregation for injera sensory quality and flour properties. Some families matched tef in overall quality over four testing environments. The family S×H‐T182, derived from the Saesa × Himblil (S×H) cross and officially released in 2012 as a high injera quality variety, is a major achievement for barley breeding in Ethiopia.
Effects of Nitrogen on Root Development and Contents of Bioactive Compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge
Authors: He C. E. , Lu L. L. , Jin Y. , Wei J. H. , Christie P.
Published: July 2013

Production protocols for the cultivation of high‐yielding and high‐quality Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge are needed because of the expanding markets for high‐value Danshen. A 2‐yr pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) levels and ratios of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N) to nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N) on root development and contents of bioactive components of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge in a soil culture system. The S. miltiorrhiza Bunge seedlings were provided with three N levels (0, 3, and 6 g N plant−1) at the same NH4+:NO3− ratio (0:100) and five NH4+:NO3− ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0) at the same N level (3 g N plant−1). The plant dry matter (DM), the apparent property of roots, and the contents of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, total tanshinones, danshensu, and salvianolic B in roots were examined. Plant growth and all the contents of the bioactive components responded negatively to increasing N availability, suggesting that S. miltiorrhiza Bunge is not a nitrophile. The best apparent property of roots and the highest DM were consistently observed when the NH4+:NO3− ratio was 75:25. However, the NH4+:NO3− ratios required for the highest content and yield of bioactive compounds varied among the different compounds. Therefore, in the commercial cultivation of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge, the NH4+:NO3− ratio should be chosen according to the target compound, considering the DM and apparent property of roots and the contents of the desired compounds. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms in terms of photosynthesis, the activities of key enzymes, and the biosynthetic pathway of the bioactive compounds.
Corn and Soybean Hormone and Antioxidant Metabolism Responses to Biosolids under Two Cropping Systems
Authors: Zhang Xunzhong , Ervin Erik H. , Evanylo Greg K. , Li Jinling , Harich Kim
Published: July 2013

Biosolids applied at agronomic rates have been shown to improve hormone metabolism and drought tolerance in greenhouse trials, but no research has demonstrated such effects in the field. This study was designed to investigate effects of lime‐stabilized (LS) and anaerobically digested (AD) biosolids on hormone and antioxidant metabolism and grain yields in a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation under both conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) practices during 2009 to 2011. Application of both biosolids increased leaf photochemical efficiency (PE), hormones (indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and trans‐zeatin riboside (ZR)), proline, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in corn at all sampling dates. The soybean grown in the plots previously amended with the biosolids exhibited greater PE, IAA, ZR, and SOD activity when compared with the control. The LS and AD biosolids increased grain yield by 87% and 77%, respectively, in corn and 15% and 18%, respectively, in soybean compared with the control. No difference in PE, hormone, proline levels, and SOD activity was found between CT and NT practices. The research demonstrated that biosolids application improves leaf antisenescence hormones, osmoprotectant, and antioxidant metabolism to increase grain yields, especially under drought stress.
Sparse‐Flowering Orchardgrass is Stable Across Temperate North America
Authors: Casler M. D. , Papadopolous Y. A. , Bittman S. , Mathison R. D. , Min D. H. , Robins J. G. , Cherney J. H. , Acharya S. N. , Belesky D. P. , Bowley S. R. , Coulman B. E. , Drapeau R. , Ehlke N. J. , Hall M. H. , Leep R. H. , Michaud R. , Rowsell J. , Shewmaker G. E. , Teutsch C. D. , Coblentz W. K.
Published: July 2013

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a major component of many pastures in temperate North America. Early and profuse flowering in pastures is problematic due to livestock refusal to consume flowering stems. The objective of this research was to determine the stability and agronomic impact of recently developed sparse‐flowering orchardgrass populations across temperate North America. Six cultivars, three sparse flowering and three normal flowering, were grown at 21 locations in temperate North America and evaluated for panicle density, heading date, and forage yield. Sparse‐flowering cultivars had 57% fewer panicles than normal‐flowering cultivars, but this effect was highly dependent on mean winter temperature, with normal‐flowering cultivars showing twice as much temperature sensitivity compared to sparse‐flowering cultivars. Forage yield of sparse‐flowering cultivars was reduced by approximately 24 to 32% for first harvest and 2 to 9% for regrowth harvests compared to normal‐flowering cultivars and this reduction in forage yield was independent of mean winter temperature. The forage yield reduction associated with sparse flowering is most likely due to a combination of physiological load (loss of stems) and opportunity cost (lack of selection pressure for yield), suggesting an opportunity to improve forage yield potential of this sparse‐flowering germplasm pool.
Breeding Common Bean for Resistance to White Mold: A Review
Authors: Schwartz Howard F. , Singh Shree P.
Published: July 2013

Under favorable weather conditions white mold causes 100% loss of yield and quality of susceptible common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. The disease is endemic and widespread in North and South American countries including the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Brazil. Our objective was to review progress achieved in identifying sources of resistance in Phaseolus species, genetics, and breeding for resistance to white mold. We also describe an integrated genetic improvement strategy for resistance to the pathogen with germplasm enhancement and cultivar development using multiple‐parent crosses and gamete selection methods of breeding. Substantial progress has been made in understanding pathogenic variation in the white mold fungus, developing screening methods, identifying sources of resistant germplasm, genetics of resistance, and introgressing resistance from the secondary gene pool, and breeding for resistance to white mold. Also, molecular marker‐assisted selection for partial resistance is practiced. However, development of white mold resistant common bean cultivars in most market classes has been slow and localized. Breeding strategies for simultaneous and integrated genetic improvement of qualitatively and quantitatively inherited resistances to white mold and cultivar development are briefly described.
Fixation Drought Tolerance of the Slow‐Wilting Soybean PI 471938
Authors: Devi M. J. , Sinclair T. R.
Published: July 2013

To overcome the severe limitation of crop yield that may result from drought, specific plant traits are being explored. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes that express a “slow‐wilting” phenotype have been evaluated as sources of useful drought traits. However, the unique physiological characteristic of PI 471938 resulting in slow‐wilting progeny and in high‐yielding progeny has not been resolved. This study was undertaken to explore the possibility that it may have especially tolerant N fixation activity as soil dries. In fact, greenhouse experiments confirmed this possibility with its N fixation tolerance being among the greatest reported for soybean genotypes. Like other genotypes with N fixation drought tolerance, the accumulation of ureides in its leaves is low compared to a fast‐wilting cultivar. Measurements of water status of PI 471938 as compared to the fast‐wilting cultivar Benning showed that PI 471938 is able to maintain a greater leaf turgor pressure during soil drying as a result of a lower osmotic potential.
Agronomic Effects of Mutations in Two Soybean Δ9–Stearoyl‐Acyl Carrier Protein‐Desaturases
Authors: Ruddle Paul , Cardinal Andrea , Upchurch Robert G. , Arellano Consuelo , Miranda Lilian
Published: July 2013

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil normally contains 2 to 4% stearic acid. Oil with higher levels of stearic acid is desired for use in the baking industry for both its chemical properties and human health benefits. Several lines with increased stearic acid have been identified; however, the agronomic consequences of high seed stearic acid are poorly understood. This study evaluates the effects of high stearic acid mutant alleles for two different Δ9–stearoyl‐acyl carrier protein‐desaturase genes, SACPD‐B and SACPD‐C, on agronomic performance. Fifty F2–derived lines developed in a previous study were evaluated in a germination chamber and two field environments. Lines were either homozygous for the SACPD‐C fasnc allele previously identified in FAM94‐41, homozygous for the SACPD‐B fas2nc allele from the induced ‘Holladay’ mutant TCJWB03‐806‐7‐19, homozygous for both mutant genes, or homozygous wild‐type for both genes. SACPD‐C mutant lines were agronomically indistinguishable from the wild‐type lines and yielded as well (3534 vs. 3414 kg ha−1). SACPD‐B mutant lines suffered from a decreased seedling growth rate, were 15% shorter at maturity, had a 4% seed size reduction, and yielded 6% less than the wild‐type lines. The different agronomic performance between SACPD‐C and SACPD‐B mutant lines was attributed to altered fatty acid composition in vegetative tissues of the SACPD‐B mutant lines.
Biparental Chromosome Elimination in Artificial Interspecific Hybrids of Pennisetum purpureum and Pennisetum glaucum
Authors: Andrade‐Vieira Larissa Fonseca , Barreto dos Reis Gabriela , Torres Giovana Augusta , Oliveira Ana Rafaela , Brasileiro‐Vidal Ana Christina , Pereira Antônio Vander , Davide Lisete Chamma
Published: July 2013

This work aimed to study the dynamics of chromosome elimination from both parents in four interspecific hybrids (P1, H89, H40, and H42) originated from crosses between Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) (2n = 4x = 28) and pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] (2n = 2x = 14) after chromosome doubling. Large variation in somatic chromosome number was verified among and within hybrids. In P1 and H89, chromosome elimination was much less intense than in H40 and H42. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis revealed biparental and random elimination. The differences in chromosome number between P1–H89 and H42–H40 groups can be mainly attributed to the elimination of chromosomes from Napier grass. Higher ploidy level and homeology between genomes A and A’ are considered forces underlying the process of elimination. Effect of parental genotype is also taken into account to explain the differences in chromosome elimination. Potential of the partial hexaploid hybrids for Napier grass breeding is also discussed here.
Characterizing Heterogeneous Processes of Water Flow and Solute Transport in Soils Using Multiple Tracer Experiments
Authors: Wang Kang , Zhang Renduo , Sheng Feng
Published: July 2013

It is important yet challenging to adequately describe heterogeneous flow processes in soils. The objectives of this study were to “visualize” heterogeneous processes of water flow and solute transport in soils by using multiple tracers and to quantify heterogeneities of soil water flow and solute transport by using a discrete random cascade model. Field tracer experiments on two soils were conducted with sequences of iodine–nitrate and iodine–bromide mixtures. On the basis of the experimental data, a random cascade model, an annular histogram, and a similarity index were applied to characterize the heterogeneous flow and transport processes in the soils. Results showed that water and solute penetrated into deep soil preferentially mainly because of the macropore flow. At the beginning of infiltration, the solute transport heterogeneity was mainly related to the saturation process of soil macropores. As more water infiltrated into the soil, the solute transport heterogeneity was mainly attributable to the change of flow paths. After the macropores were saturated, unstable infiltration fronts resulted in the transport heterogeneity. The experimental data and analyses of the random cascade model demonstrated that the solute transport process included more heterogeneous information than the heterogeneous water flow, which was related to the soil heterogeneity, water flow heterogeneity, and the heterogeneity of the solute transport itself.
Nitrogen Fate and Transport in a Conventional Onsite Wastewater Treatment System Installed in a Clay Soil: Experimental Results
Authors: Bradshaw James K. , Radcliffe David E.
Published: July 2013

Relationships between N transport and hydraulic function of onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) in clay‐textured soils are largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to quantify N concentrations in a clay soil and estimate denitrification in the vadose zone beneath a conventional OWTS. An OWTS installed in the Piedmont region of Georgia was dosed with residential strength wastewater three times per day for 2 yr. Soil near trench bottoms cycled between saturated and unsaturated conditions under the dosing schedule we used. Mean NH4–N concentrations decreased to <1 mg L−1 within 90 cm of trench bottoms due to adsorption, immobilization, and nitrification. Mean NO3–N concentrations increased as the drainfield matured and ranged from 10 to 25 mg L−1 near the end of the two year study period. Mean pressure heads and Cl− concentrations measured at 3.3 m and 6.6 m from trench inlets indicated that significantly more water infiltrated the drainfield at the 3.3 m position. Wet conditions at the 3.3 m position may have restricted nitrification, while dry conditions at the 6.6 m caused rapid nitrification. Nitrogen:chloride ratios suggested that 61% of N entering the drainfield was lost, potentially as volatile N‐species. The 30‐cm zone directly beneath the trenches had high biomass N and C contents (15 mg kg−1 N and 60 mg kg−1 C) and was presumably the most biologically active zone. The fate and transport of N was dynamic in this system due to variable moisture conditions near the trench‐soil interface which may have intermittently stimulated denitrification.
Coronary angiography through ipsilateral ulnar approach in a patient with small-diameter radial artery
Authors: Stajic Zoran , Mijailovic Zdravko
Published: July 2013

Introduction. Coronary procedures cannot be completed in 5-15% of cases
through initially used radial artery approach due to frequent radial artery
anomalies and vasospasm. In these cases, the ulnar artery approach could be
the safe and effective alternative wrist approach. Case report. A 60-year-old
patient with stable angina pectoris, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and positive
endurance test was admitted to our hospital for coronary angiography. Due to
the backbone pains which also made prolonged lying in bed very uncomfortable
and painful, we opted for the wrist approach (standard radial approach) after
both modified Allen?s tests had been performed, which gave the positive
result. After sheath insertion into the right radial artery and unsuccessful
advancement of the guidewire and the catheter, we performed the right forearm
angiography, which revealed that the right radial artery had a small diameter
and the right ulnar artery was the dominant one. Afterwards, the right ulnar
artery was cannulated successfully and the coronary angiography was performed
through this approach. Both sheaths were removed simultaneously immediately
after the procedure and hemostasis was secured by the compression with two
Terumo- bands over the puncture sites without any complications. The pulses
of both arteries were checked regularly over the next 24 hours and they
remained normal. A day after the procedure, the control Doppler-ultrasound
check-up was performed and it confirmed the normal flow in both cannulated
arteries. One-month follow-up was uneventful, and the patient did not
experience any ischemic symptoms of the hand. Conclusion. This case is the
proof that the ipsilateral ulnar approach can be a safe and effective
alternative approach in patients with positive Allen?s test after the failure
of initial radial attempt in cases where femoral approach should be avoided
or the wrist approach should be maintained.
The significance of biometric parameters in determining anterior teeth width
Authors: Strajnic Ljiljana , Vuletic Ivana , Vucinic Predrag
Published: July 2013

Background/Aim. An important element of prosthetic treatment of edentulous
patients is selecting the size of anterior artificial teeth that will restore
the natural harmony of one?s dentolabial structure as well as the whole face.
The main objective of this study was to determine the correlation between the
inner canthal distance (ICD) and interalar width (IAW) on one side and the
width of both central incisors (CIW), the width of central and lateral
incisors (CLIW), the width of anterior teeth (ATW), the width between the
canine cusps (CCW), which may be useful in clinical practice. Methods. A
total of 89 subjects comprising 23 male and 66 female were studied. Their age
ranged from 19 to 34 years with the mean of 25 years. Only the subjects with
the preserved natural dentition were included in the sample. All facial and
intraoral tooth measurements were made with a Boley Gauge (Buffalo Dental
Manufacturing Co., Brooklyn NY, USA) having a resolution of 0.1mm. Results. A
moderate correlation was established between the interalar width and combined
width of anterior teeth and canine cusp width (r = 0.439, r = 0.374). A low
correlation was established between the inner canthal distance and the width
of anterior teeth and canine cusp width (r = 0.335, r = 0.303). The
differences between the two genders were highly significant for all the
parameters (p < 0.01). The measured facial distances and width of anterior
teeth were higher in men than in women. Conclusion. The results of this study
suggest that the examined interalar width and inner canthal distance cannot
be considered reliable guidelines in the selection of artificial upper
anterior teeth. However, they may be used as a useful additional factor
combined with other methods for objective tooth selection. The final decision
should be made while working on dentures fitting models with the patient?s
consent.
Liposarcoma of the paratesticular tissue and spermatic cord: A case report
Authors: Vukmirovic Filip , Zejnilovic Nihad , Ivovic Jovan
Published: July 2013

Introduction. Liposarcomas are malignant tumors derived from fat tissues.
Liposarcoma of the paratesticular tissue is rare. Case report. We presented a
51-year-old man with liposarcoma of paratesticular tissue and the spermatic
cord, mimicking a testicular tumor. Ultrasound examination of this scrotal
mass was hyperechogenic and homogeneous and separated from the testis and
epididymis. The patient was operated, and the orchidectomy was performed.
Histology revealed well-differentiated lipoma-like liposarcoma of the
paratesticular tissue and spermatic cord. After a 6 month follow-up the
patient did not show any evidence of tumor-progression or recurrence.
Conclusion. Liposarcomas of the paratesticular tissue and seminal cord
represent a rare type of tumors, often misdiagnosed preoperatively. Therapy
should include radical surgical excision, usually radical inguinal
orchiectomy. If the margin status is in doubt, adjuvant radiation should be
performed. Local relapse is common and may occur after several years, so
follow- up period has to be sufficiently long.
Seasonal changes in the structure and secretory activity of the androgenic gland of Travancoriana schirnerae
Authors: Devi Arath , Smija Moorkoth
Published: July 2013

This study investigated the seasonal variation in the structure and secretory activity of the androgenic gland (AG) in the freshwater crab: Travancoriana schirnerae. The androgenic gland is an elongate structure, attached to one side on the wall of the ejaculatory duct. Histological studies showed the presence of three cell types, which differ in size, shape of nuclei, and presence or absence of secretory vesicles. Type I cells are small with large nuclei whereas type II cells are large with small nuclei. Type III cells are intermediate in size and exhibited streak-like nuclei and transparent cytoplasm. Seasonal changes were discerned in the morphology, histology and secretory activity of the gland. March-June appeared to be the active season with type II cells containing secretory vesicles. The mode of release of secretion found to be holocrine. The secretory activity almost completed by July-August (the mating season) with vacuolization of type II cells. The gland remained inactive from September-December with abundance of vacuoles, scattered pycnotic nuclei, indistinct cell membranes and total cellular degeneration. January-February was the revival period with type I cell proliferation. The present study revealed that the secretory activity of the gland is in tune with the male reproductive cycle.
Thermal effects on cathodoluminescence in forsterite
Authors: Nishido Hirotsugu , Endo Taro , Ninagawa Kiyotaka , Kayama Masahiro , Gucsik Arnold
Published: July 2013

Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectral analysis has been conducted for luminescent forsterite (olivine) of terrestrial and meteoritic origins. Two emission bands at 3.15 and 2.99 eV in blue region can be assigned to structural defect centres and two emission bands at 1.91 and 1.74 eV in red region to impurity centres of Mn2+ and Cr3+, respectively. These emissions reduce their intensities at higher temperature, suggesting a temperature quenching phenomenon. The activation energy in the quenching process was estimated by a least-square fitting of the Arrhenius plots using integrated intensity of each component as follows; blue emissions at 3.15 eV: 0.08–0.10 eV and at 2.99 eV: 0.09–0.11 eV, red emissions at 1.91 eV: ∼0.01 eV and at 1.74 eV: ∼0.02 eV. The quenching process can be construed by the non-radiative transition by assuming the Mott-Seitz model. The values of activation energies for blue emissions caused by structural defects correspond to the vibration energy of Si-O stretching mode in the lattice, and the values for red emissions caused by Mn and Cr impurity centres to Mg-O vibration energy. It implies that the temperature quenching energy might be transferred as a phonon to the specific lattice vibration.
A Review on Performances of Reversible Ripple-Carry Adders
Authors: Burignat Stéphane , De Vos Alexis
Published: July 2013

Quantum computing and circuits are of growing interest and so is reversible logic as it plays an important role in the synthesis of quantum circuits. Moreover, reversible logic provides an alternative to classical computing machines, that may overcome many of the power dissipation problems in the near future. Some ripple-carry adders based on a do-spy-undo structure have been designed and tested reversibly. This paper presents a brief overview of the performances obtained with such chips processed in standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology and used in true reversible calculation (computations are performed forwards and backwards such that addition and subtraction are made reversibly with the same chip). Adiabatic signals used are known to allow the signal energy stored on the various capacitances of the circuit to be redistributed rather than being dissipated as heat while allowing to avoid calculation errors introduced by the use of conventional rectangular pulses. Through the example of both simulations and experimental results, this paper aims at providing a base of knowledge and knowhow in physical implementation of reversible circuits.
Open-Source JTAG Simulator Bundle for Labs
Authors: Shibin Konstantin , Devadze Sergei , Rosin Vjatseslav , Jutman Artur , Ubar Raimund
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a software/hardware bundle for studying, training and research related to IEEE 1149.1 Boundary Scan (BS) standard. The presented package includes a software environment Trainer 1149 that is capable to graphically visualize BS facilities and perform fine-grain simulation of BS test process. Trainer 1149 provides a cozy graphical design and simulation environment of BS-enabled chips and non-BS clusters. It provides the user with a full flexibility in working with any type of BS structures by supporting standard formats such as Boundary Scan Description Language and SVF (for defining test patterns). A special fault simulation mode allows injecting various types of interconnection faults to simulate their impact and inspect them using interactive tools. Trainer 1149 is the main component of a recent goJTAG initiative that aims at bringing JTAG tools closer to the user for both learning and experimental work purposes. The software part is implemented in multi-platform Java environment and distributed as an open-source freeware. Using a convenient low-cost USB-JTAG controller, one can also test real defects in real hardware. Such combination of features is unique for a public domain BS package.
Timing Synchronization and Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDMA/TDD Mode in Downlink of IEEE 802.16-2004
Authors: Rahbari Fahimeh , Bakhshi Hamid Reza
Published: July 2013

Timing and frequency synchronization are the important task in receiver. This paper proposes a timing synchronization and carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) downlink in IEEE 802.16e standard. This method has high performance and estimates CFO. The proposed scheme utilizes the conjugate symmetry property of preamble structure. Simulations are conducted for AWGN and multipath channels to demonstrate the performance of the proposed timing metric. Our proposed method can achieve reasonable performance at low SNR.