bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crônica de um Fracasso Anunciado: representação, ética e estética na (meta)crítica da razão branca
Authors: Kon Artur Sartori
Published: January 2018

Partindo de uma investigação conjunta do espetáculo Branco: o cheiro do lírio e do formol e das diversas críticas escritas sobre ele por ocasião de sua estreia e temporada paulistana, o ensaio busca refletir sobre o possível sentido político de um teatro contemporâneo entendido como pós-dramático, localizando-o num regime estético da arte (em oposição aos regimes representativo e ético, como propõe o filósofo Jacques Rancière).
Não estar é a única forma de presença de negros – e a culpa não é nossa
Authors: Ribeiro Stephanie
Published: January 2018

O espetáculo "Branco: O Cheiro do Lírio e do Formol", com roteiro assinado por Alexandre Dal Farra e direção do próprio dramaturgo e de Janaina Leite - uma das atrizes da peça ao lado de André Capuano e Clayton Mariano -, foi uma grande surpresa para mim e não há palavra rebuscada que justifique a minha sensação após assistir essa peça. Eu realmente não imaginava que a MITsp (Mostra Internacional de Teatro de São Paulo) e o Centro Cultural São Paulo (CCSP) destinariam verba e espaço para uma peça sobre branquitude, caso ela realmente não tratasse desse tema de forma lúcida. Por mais que as intenções possam ter sido boas, foi falha ao meu ver a abordagem feita nesta obra.
Fabulário dos delírios tropicais: uma jornada caótica
Authors: Rosa Almir
Published: January 2018

A redescoberta de uma nação através de sua identidade cultural, ressurgida na pluralidade, se faz necessária frente à decadência dos mecanismos de opressão. A forma genérica que sempre definiu o Brasil, abafando de modo violento a diversidade de uma nação, se mostra em plena derrocada perante a produção de singularidades daqueles que ainda buscam suas vozes.
Em busca da tradução teatral: o trabalho do historiador em meio a miudezas da cena e precariedades documentais
Authors: Rabetti Maria De Lourdes
Published: January 2018

Este artigo é resultado do estudo voltado para a história da tradução teatral no Brasil e, sob a forma de escrita documentada, após termos perscrutado em jornais do período de 1923 a 1925, apresenta e discute a presença da primeira tradução de Luigi Pirandello, Pois é isso…! − versão de Così è (se vi pare), nos palcos das cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo durante 1925, na segunda série de montagens pela Companhia Brasileira de Comédia Jayme Costa após a temporada de estreia em 1924.
Apresentação do dossiê: Histórias, memórias e acervos teatrais no Brasil
Authors: Fontana Fabiana Siqueira , Maciel Paulo Marcos Cardoso
Published: January 2018

Apresentação do dossiê
Falas de camarim: história oral e história do teatro
Authors: Brandão Tania
Published: January 2018

Este artigo pretende demonstrar o papel fundamental da história oral para que se escreva a história da cena como história do palco. Longe da dramaturgia e da história da literatura, o texto propõe os conceitos de ícone da arte, história de vida e história da arte como ferramentas para a compreensão da complexa identidade dos atores e dos artistas de teatro. Nessa concepção, as entrevistas com artistas produzem fontes de pesquisa hábeis para iluminar o palco, mais do que qualquer outro documento possa fazer.
Periodontal Disease, Regular Dental Care Use, and Incident Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Sen Souvik , Giamberardino Lauren D. , Moss Kevin , Morelli Thiago , Rosamond Wayne D. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Beck James , Offenbacher Steven
Published: January 2018

Background and Purpose—

Periodontal disease is independently associated with cardiovascular disease. Identification of periodontal disease as a risk factor for incident ischemic stroke raises the possibility that regular dental care utilization may reduce the stroke risk.

Methods—

In the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study, pattern of dental visits were classified as regular or episodic dental care users. In the ancillary dental ARIC study, selected subjects from ARIC underwent fullmouth periodontal measurements collected at 6 sites per tooth and classified into 7 periodontal profile classes (PPCs).

Results—

In the ARIC study 10 362 stroke-free participants, 584 participants had incident ischemic strokes over a 15-year period. In the dental ARIC study, 6736 dentate subjects were assessed for periodontal disease status using PPC with a total of 299 incident ischemic strokes over the 15-year period. The 7 levels of PPC showed a trend toward an increased stroke risk (χ
2
trend
P
<0.0001); the incidence rate for ischemic stroke/1000-person years was 1.29 for PPC-A (health), 2.82 for PPC-B, 4.80 for PPC-C, 3.81 for PPC-D, 3.50 for PPC-E, 4.78 for PPC-F, and 5.03 for PPC-G (severe periodontal disease). Periodontal disease was significantly associated with cardioembolic (hazard ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–5.6) and thrombotic (hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–3.8) stroke subtypes. Regular dental care utilization was associated with lower adjusted stroke risk (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–0.94).

Conclusions—

We confirm an independent association between periodontal disease and incident stroke risk, particularly cardioembolic and thrombotic stroke subtype. Further, we report that regular dental care utilization may lower this risk for stroke.
Predictors of In-Hospital Death After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Stienen Martin Nikolaus , Germans Menno , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Neidert Marian C. , Fung Christian , Bervini David , Zumofen Daniel , Roethlisberger Michel , Marbacher Serge , Maduri Rodolfo , Robert Thomas , Seule Martin A. , Bijlenga Philippe , Schaller Karl , Fandino Javier , Smoll Nicolas R. , Maldaner Nicolai , Finkenstädt Sina , Esposito Giuseppe , Schatlo Bawarjan , Keller Emanuela , Bozinov Oliver , Regli Luca , Serra Carlo , Krayenbühl Niklaus , Schöni Daniel , Raabe Andreas , Beck Jürgen , Goldberg Johannes , Mariani Luigi , Guzman Raphael , D’Alonzo Donato , Coluccia Daniel , Daniel Roy Thomas , Starnoni Daniele , Messerer Mahmoud , Levivier Marc , Valsecchi Daniele , Arrighi Marta , Venier Alice , Reinert Michael , Kuhlen Dominique Emmanuelle , Ferrari Andrea , Weyerbrock Astrid , Hildebrandt Gerhard , Hlavica Martin , Fournier Jean-Yves , Corniola Marco
Published: January 2018

Background and Purpose—

To identify predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and to estimate their impact.

Methods—

Retrospective analysis of prospective data from a nationwide multicenter registry on all aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage cases admitted to a tertiary neurosurgical department in Switzerland (Swiss SOS [Swiss Study on Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage]; 2009–2015). Both clinical and radiological independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified, and their effect size was determined by calculating adjusted odds ratios (aORs) using multivariate logistic regression. Survival was displayed using Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results—

Data of n=1866 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients in the Swiss SOS database were available. In-hospital mortality was 20% (n=373). In n=197 patients (10.6%), active treatment was discontinued after hospital admission (no aneurysm occlusion attempted), and this cohort was excluded from analysis of the main statistical model. In the remaining n=1669 patients, the rate of in-hospital mortality was 13.9% (n=232). Strong independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were rebleeding (aOR, 7.69; 95% confidence interval, 3.00–19.71;
P
<0.001), cerebral infarction attributable to delayed cerebral ischemia (aOR, 3.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.94–6.89;
P
<0.001), intraventricular hemorrhage (aOR, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.38–5.09;
P
=0.003), and new infarction post-treatment (aOR, 2.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.43–4.62;
P
=0.002).

Conclusions—

Several—and among them modifiable—factors seem to be associated with in-hospital mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Our data suggest that strategies aiming to reduce the risk of rebleeding are most promising in patients where active treatment is initially pursued.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03245866.
Spontaneous cognitive processes and the behavioral validation of time-varying brain connectivity
Authors: Kucyi Aaron , Tambini Arielle , Sadaghiani Sepideh , Keilholz Shella , Cohen Jessica R.
Published: January 2018

In cognitive neuroscience, focus is commonly placed on associating brain function with changes in objectively measured external stimuli or with actively generated cognitive processes. In everyday life, however, many forms of cognitive processes are initiated spontaneously, without an individual’s active effort and without explicit manipulation of behavioral state. Recently, there has been increased emphasis, especially in functional neuroimaging research, on spontaneous correlated activity among spatially segregated brain regions (intrinsic functional connectivity) and, more specifically, on intraindividual fluctuations of such correlated activity on various time scales (time-varying functional connectivity). In this Perspective, we propose that certain subtypes of spontaneous cognitive processes are detectable in time-varying functional connectivity measurements. We define these subtypes of spontaneous cognitive processes and review evidence of their representations in time-varying functional connectivity from studies of attentional fluctuations, memory reactivation, and effects of baseline states on subsequent perception. Moreover, we describe how these studies are critical to validating the use of neuroimaging tools (e.g., fMRI) for assessing ongoing brain network dynamics. We conclude that continued investigation of the behavioral relevance of time-varying functional connectivity will be beneficial both in the development of comprehensive neural models of cognition, and in informing on best practices for studying brain network dynamics.
Cow Protectionism and Bovine Frozen-Semen Farms in India
Authors: Narayanan Yamini
Published: January 2018

Global warming and livestock farming are intertwined, and both call for radical policy changes that recognize animal rights. India has the world’s largest bovine head count, and is exceptionally vulnerable to climate change. It is uniquely placed in having cow protection legislations, though the focus is limited to the end of the bovine lifecycle by criminalizing slaughter and beef. However, breeding programs, the start of the industrial animal lifecycle, also need to be abolished for animal rights and environmental protection. Using the exploitation of bulls in bovine frozen-semen farms, this article critiques the practice in terms of cruelty; speciesism; and climatic change. It argues that with an expanded moral baseline on protection that is explicitly embedded in animal rights, India is well placed to respond with radical action by abolishing nonhuman animal husbandry as an outdated food production system that is inconsistent with planetary and ethical realities.
Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXXVII. Nephrolepidaceae
Authors: SMITH ALAN R. , KESSLER MICHAEL
Published: January 2018

We provide a synopsis to the monogeneric family Nephrolepidaceae in Bolivia, including five native species and two possibly naturalized ones. The family is distinctive in its wiry, often subterranean stolons, blade aspects, cleanly abscising pinnae, lime-dotted hydathodes, and several other characters.
Taxonomic notes on Cretarophalis patrickmuelleri Wichard, 2017 (Insecta: Neuroptera: Nevrorthidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, and its phylogenetic significance
Authors: LU XIUMEI , XIA FANGYUAN , WANG BO , ASPÖCK ULRIKE , LIU XINGYUE
Published: January 2018

Nevrorthidae is a family of Neuroptera with low species diversity, disjunct geographic distributions, and a controversial phylogenetic status. Previous fossil records of the family are from the Eocene except for the recently described species Cretarophalis patrickmuelleri Wichard, 2017 from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, following earlier records of an undescribed species. However, such a significant finding of this family from Mesozoic was originally presented only with a preliminary description. Here we re-describe the species based on exquisitely preserved materials from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber that provides for a much more detailed description, in particular of the hindwing, female genitalia, and larval head. Furthermore, distinctive morphological characters of C. patrickmuelleri with significant phylogenetic relevance are discussed. The general morphology, particularly that of the larva, has changed little between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and it reflects an evolutionary stasis that might correspond to their aquatic larval life-style. The present finding also supports the relictual nature of the modern nevrorthids.
Review of Ptilomera (Ptilomera) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) from India, with description of a new species
Authors: JEHAMALAR E. EYARIN , CHANDRA KAILASH , BASU SRIMOYEE , SELVAKUMAR C.
Published: January 2018

The subgenus Ptilomera (Ptilomera) Amyot & Serville, 1843 of India is reviewed and Ptilomera (P.) nagalanda Jehamalar & Chandra, sp. nov. is described from Peren District, Nagaland, India. The new species can clearly be distinguished from its congeners in India by the presence of silvery white setae on the sub-lateral region of the meso- and metanota and the presence of a fringe of fine short setae of different lengths on the flexor region of the mid femur reaching beyond the middle in the male. Detailed illustrations of the apterous male of the new species and male and female of other species of Ptilomera, except P. occidentalis Zettel, are given. Distribution maps and a key to all known species of Ptilomera (Ptilomera) in India are given.
Description of Dryocosmus destefanii new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Quercus suber L. in Italy
Authors: CERASA GIULIANO , VERDE GABRIELLA LO , CALECA VIRGILIO , MASSA BRUNO , NICHOLLS JAMES A. , MELIKA GEORGE
Published: January 2018

A new species, Dryocosmus destefanii Cerasa & Melika n. sp. associated with a Cerris section oak, Quercus suber L., is described from Italy. Description, diagnosis, host associations and biology for the new species and an illustrated identification key to the Western Palaearctic Dryocosmus species are given. The description is supported by morphological and molecular data.
A new species of the genus Colilodion Besuchet, 1991 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) from Mindanao, the Philippines
Authors: HLAVÁČ PETER , VONDRÁČEK DOMINIK , MOHAGAN ALMA B.
Published: January 2018

Colilodion colongi sp. nov. of the clavigerite ant-loving beetle from Mindanao, the Philippines is described, illustrated, and distinguished from related species. The distribution map for all known species is given.
Meloidae of Namibia (Coleoptera): taxonomy and faunistics with biogeographic and ecological notes
Authors: BOLOGNA MARCO A. , AMORE VALENTINA , PITZALIS MONICA
Published: January 2018

The blister beetle (Coleoptera: Meloidae) fauna of Namibia is studied. The species are arranged within a catalogue containing information on their general distribution, including a list of localities and brief taxonomic remarks. Zoogeographic and ecological analyses were carried out and a photographic appendix, with images and maps of almost all Namibian species, is included. According to a chorological analysis, the Namibian blister beetle fauna appears to be zoogeographically distinct because of the dominance of western southern African elements. The faunistic levels of similarity among distinct areas in Namibia are also analysed. Several of the endemic species are related to the xeric ecosystems referable to the Namib Desert, Succulent Karoo and Nama Karoo biomes, but the highest diversity is related to the ecosystems referable to the Savannah biome. A total of 148 species belonging to 28 genera, eight tribes and three subfamilies (Eleticinae,  Meloinae, Nemognathinae) are recorded from this southern African country. Five new genera (Namibeletica gen. nov., Eleticinae Eleticini; Dilatilydus gen. nov. and Desertilydus gen. nov., Meloinae Lyttini; Paramimesthes gen. nov. and Namylabris gen. nov, Meloinae Mylabrini) and a total of 13 new species are described: 11 new species from Namibia (Psalydolytta gessi sp.nov., Paramimesthes namibicus sp.nov., Namylabris adamantifera sp.nov., Hycleus arlecchinus sp.nov., H. planitiei sp.nov., H. dvoraki sp.nov., H. aridus sp.nov., H. san sp.nov., Nemognatha fluviatilis sp.nov., “Zonitoschema” deserticola sp.nov., Zonitoschema dunalis sp.nov.); a new Namibeletica from the Angolan Namib (N. angolana) and a new Afrolytta Kaszab, 1959 from the S African Namaqualand (A. namaqua), both close to Namibian borders. Fourty-eight species and the genus Apalus Fabricius, 1775 are recorded for the first time from Namibia, and a few other species from South Africa (1), Zambia (1), Botswana (1) and Congo (1). The following new synonymies are proposed: Lytta pleuralis var. inpleuralis Pic, 1911 = Lydomorphus (Lydomorphus) thoracicus (Erichson, 1843), syn. nov.; Lytta benguellana Pic, 1911 = Prionotolytta melanura (Erichson, 1843), syn. nov.; Actenodia amoena ssp.anthicoides Kaszab, 1955b = Hycleus amoenus (Marseul, 1872), syn. nov.; Decapotoma csikii Kaszab, 1953 = Hycleus benguellanus (Marseul, 1879), syn. nov.; Nemognatha capensis Péringuey, 1909 = Nemognatha peringueyi Fairmaire, 1883, syn. nov. Several new combinations in the genus Hycleus Latreille, 1817 are also established.
Performance Evaluation of On-Orbit Calibration of SNPP VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands via Intersensor Comparison with Aqua MODIS
Authors: Chu Mike , Sun Junqiang , Wang Menghua
Published: January 2018

An intersensor comparison is carried out to evaluate the radiometric performance of the reflective solar bands (RSBs) of the first Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. Two versions of sensor data records (SDRs) for moderate-resolution RSBs M1–M8 (410–1238 nm)—one version from the NOAA Ocean Color (OC) Team and the operational version from the Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS)—are compared against the well-calibrated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua satellite. This comparison fully exploits the moderate resolution of the sensors and a precise simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) analysis in a “nadir only” approach to achieve a precision better than 1%. The key issues found to impact the SNO analysis are 1) an underlying bias beyond the 80-km spatial scale, 2) a scene-based sporadic variability of about 2% affecting the sample size selection criteria, and 3) large relative deviations at low radiances. It is shown that the OC SDRs achieve significantly better agreement with Aqua MODIS, such as smaller temporal variation, improved agreement in the early mission, and no observable long-term drift. The lone exception is the downward drift of about 1% in the Aqua MODIS band 8 (412 nm) versus SNPP VIIRS band M1 time series that possibly started in late 2013, which is ultimately attributed to errors in Aqua MODIS band 8. Finally, the long-term drift in the IDPS SDRs further illustrates the consequence of the worsening bias within the standard RSB calibration that will infect any versions of the VIIRS SDRs not mitigated for this error.
Effect of induction chemotherapy on the quality-of-life in patients with advanced stage tongue cancer by a prospective study
Authors: Huang Tao , Liu Hui , Zhang Pei , Zhao Yanxia
Published: January 2018

Abstracts

Objective

To assess how induction chemotherapy affects the quality-of-life (QoL) in patients with advanced tongue cancer.

Methods

This prospective study included patients who were diagnosed with advanced tongue cancer. Each patient was asked to complete the University of Washington QoL (UW-QoL), version 4, questionnaire preoperatively and at 12 months after surgery. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether or not they received induction chemotherapy.

Results

Of the 192 patients included in the analysis, 145 patients had received induction chemotherapy. There were no significant differences regarding age, sex, tumour stage, node stage, flap reconstruction, tumour resection range and radiotherapy between the two groups. The mean total hospital cost was significantly higher in patients who underwent induction chemotherapy compared with those who did not (68 000 versus 44 000 Yuan Renminbi, respectively). The two groups had similar pre-treatment and post-treatment composite QoL scores and in the 12 individual domains.

Conclusion

Induction chemotherapy had a limited effect on postoperative QoL in patients with advanced tongue cancers, but it cost significantly more to administer.
Vasoplegia in patients with sepsis and septic shock: pathways and mechanisms
Authors: Burgdorff A.-M. , Bucher M. , Schumann J.
Published: January 2018

Sepsis is one of the most frequent causes of death among patients in intensive care units. Many therapeutic strategies have been assessed without the desired success rates. A key risk factor for death is hypotension due to vasodilatation with vascular hyposensitivity. However, the pathways underlying this process remain unclear. Endotoxemia induces inflammatory mediators, and this is followed by vasoplegia and decreased cardiac contractility. Although inhibition of these mediators diminishes mortality rates in animal models, this phenomenon has not been confirmed in humans. Downregulation of vasoconstrictive receptors such as angiotensin receptors, adrenergic and vasopressin receptors is seen in sepsis, which is associated with a hyporesponsiveness to vasoconstrictive mediators. Animal studies have verified that receptor downregulation is linked to the above-mentioned inflammatory mediators. Anti-inflammatory therapy with glucocorticoids reportedly improves responsiveness to catecholamines with higher survival in rats, although this has not been shown to be clinically significant in humans. Hence, there is an urgent need for in-depth studies investigating the underlying mechanisms of vasoplegia to allow for development of effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of sepsis.
Role of the hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor-mediated cAMP/PKA signalling pathway in sevoflurane-induced cognitivedysfunction in aged rats
Authors: Qiu Yi , Wang Ying , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Caixia , Xia Zhong-yuan
Published: January 2018

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the role of the hippocampal 5-hydroxytryptamine-1A (5-HT1A)-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) signalling pathway in sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.

Methods

Sixty 18-month-old Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the control (n = 30) and experimental (Sev, n = 30) groups. The experimental group inhaled 50% air/oxygen mixture (2 L/min) and 2% sevoflurane for 4 hours. The control group inhaled 50% air/oxygen mixture (2 L/min) for 4 hours. The Morris water maze test was performed The mRNA expression of 5-HT1A receptor, and cAMP PKA, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) protein expression were determined.

Results

The escape latency and swimming distance were greater, and the number of crossings of the platform location and time spent in the platform quadrant were less in the Sev group compared with the control group. cAMP, PKA, CREB, and p-CREB protein expression was downregulated in the Sev group 1 day after anaesthesia compared with the control group. Hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor mRNA expression was higher 7 days after anaesthesia compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats may be related to inhibited expression of the hippocampal 5-HT1A receptor-mediated cAMP/PKA signalling pathway.
Effect of creatine phosphate sodium on bispectral index and recovery quality during the general anaesthesia emergence period in elderly patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Wang Wei , Yu Wan-You , Lv Jie , Chen Lian-Hua , Li Zhong
Published: January 2018

Objective

To evaluate the effect of creatine phosphate sodium on bispectral index (BIS) and recovery quality during the general anaesthesia emergence period in elderly patients.

Methods

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled patients undergoing transabdominal cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either creatine phosphate sodium (1.0 g/100 ml 0.9% saline; group P) or 100 ml 0.9% saline (group C) over 30 minutes during surgical incision. The BIS values were recorded at anaesthesia induction (T0), skin incision (T1), cutting the gallbladder (T2), suturing the peritoneum (T3), skin closure (T4), sputum suction (T5), extubation (T6) and 1 min (T7), 5 min (T8), 10 min (T9), and 15 min (T10) after extubation. The anaesthesia duration, operation time, waking time, extubation time, consciousness recovery time, time in the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU), and the Steward recovery scores at T7, T8, T9 and T10 were recorded.

Results

A total of 120 elderly patients were randomized equally to the two groups. Compared with group C, the BIS values were significantly higher in group P at T5, T6, T7 and T8; and the Steward recovery scores at T7 and T8 were significantly higher in group P. The waking time, extubation time, consciousness recovery time and time in the PACU were significantly shorter in group P compared with group C.

Conclusion

Creatine phosphate sodium administered during transabdominal cholecystectomy can improve BIS values and recovery following general anaesthesia in elderly patients.
Relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and epicardial fat tissue thickness in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension
Authors: Derya Mehmet Ali , Demir Vahit , Ede Huseyin
Published: January 2018

Objective

Epicardial fat tissue thickness (EFT) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are associated with atherosclerosis. Few studies have focused on the relationship between these parameters in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension. In this study, we examined the relationship between EFT and the NLR in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension detected by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).

Methods

Eighty consecutive patients without chronic illness who were diagnosed with hypertension according to ABPM results and 80 otherwise healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. EFT of each participant was measured echocardiographically. The C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and NLR were measured from venous blood samples.

Results

The 24-hour average systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the hypertension group than in the control group (143±17 vs. 117±7 mmHg, respectively). There were no significant differences in age, sex, or body mass index between the two groups. EFT, the NLR, and the CRP concentration were significantly higher in the hypertension group than control group. Additionally, a significantly positive correlation between EFT and the NLR was found in both the control group and hypertension group.

Conclusion

A higher EFT and NLR were detected in patients with newly diagnosed hypertension than in healthy subjects.
Lessons from Germany’s NSU case
Authors: Von Der Behrens Antonia
Published: January 2018

The neo-Nazi terrorist organisation, the National Socialist Underground (NSU), committed ten murders, three bomb attacks and fifteen bank robberies between 1998 and 2011. The group, which did not claim responsibility for the crimes, was not discovered by police until 4 November 2011. This case has been called one of the biggest ‘failures’ of German law enforcement and the secret services by politicians and the mainstream media. These failures provide an unprecedented example of the close connection between the secret services and the neo-Nazi movement as well as the structural racism within law enforcement agencies, which led to the consistent blaming of ‘victim’ communities and hence the following of wrong leads for thirteen years.
The effects of aerobic exercise for persons with migraine and co-existing tension-type headache and neck pain. A randomized, controlled, clinical trial
Authors: Krøll Lotte Skytte , Hammarlund Catharina Sjödahl , Linde Mattias , Gard Gunvor , Jensen Rigmor Højland
Published: January 2018

Aim

To evaluate aerobic exercise in migraine and co-existing tension-type headache and neck pain.

Methods

Consecutively recruited persons with migraine and co-existing tension-type headache and neck pain were randomized into an exercise group or control group. Aerobic exercise consisted of bike/cross-trainer/brisk walking for 45 minutes, three times/week. Controls continued usual daily activities. Pain frequency, intensity, and duration; physical fitness, level of physical activity, well-being and ability to engage in daily activities were assessed at baseline, after treatment and at follow-up.

Results

Fifty-two persons completed the study. Significant between-group improvements for the exercise group were found for physical fitness, level of physical activity, migraine burden and the ability to engage in physical activity because of reduced impact of tension-type headache and neck pain. Within the exercise group, significant reduction was found for migraine frequency, pain intensity and duration, neck pain intensity, and burden of migraine; an increase in physical fitness and well-being.

Conclusions

Exercise significantly reduced the burden of migraine and the ability to engage in physical activity because of reduced impact of tension-type headache and neck pain. Exercise also reduced migraine frequency, pain intensity and duration, although this was not significant compared to controls. These results emphasize the importance of regular aerobic exercise for reduction of migraine burden.
Social Structure and the Paradox of the Contented Female Worker: How Occupational Gender Segregation Biases Justice Perceptions of Wages
Authors: Valet Peter
Published: January 2018

This article provides a structural explanation for the paradox of the contented female worker. Although they are generally aware that they earn less than men, women usually perceive their wages as more just. This article argues that men and women do not differ in how they perceive their wages, yet the gendered segregation of the labor market will constrain the availability of preferred same-gender referent standards in some occupations. Random- and fixed-effects analyses of longitudinal data of the German Socio-Economic Panel covering the years 2009 to 2015 ( N = 26,362) reveal that the paradox is only detectable in occupations with a considerable number of female referents. However, as soon as women move into a male-dominated occupation, the paradox vanishes. These results contradict the view that men and women generally differ in how they perceive their wages and indicate that gender differences in justice perceptions can be explained by the structural embeddedness of employees in certain occupations.
Determining effective interface fracture properties of 3D fiber reinforced foam core sandwich structures
Authors: Kier Zachary T , Waas Anthony M
Published: January 2018

Foam core sandwich composites are finding a wider use in aerospace, automotive, and construction applications. These structures present unique challenges in terms of material failure and interaction and are sensitive to damage and imperfections introduced during manufacturing. An emerging class of 3D fiber reinforced foam core aims to replace monolithic foams used in sandwich structure cores particularly in demanding high-performance aerospace applications. This research is focused on investigating the development of testing methods capable of measuring the effective interface fracture properties between the facesheet and the core in 3D fiber reinforced foam cores. Double cantilever beam and end-notched flexure specimens are developed to evaluate the mode I and mode II fracture properties of a 3D fiber reinforced foam core. The design, development, and initial failure of a mode I interface fracture test for 3D fiber reinforced foam cores are presented. The digital image correlation results on the failed tests allowed for a different approach to be utilized in designing a new bonded double cantilever beam specimen for testing the mode I fracture of a 3D fiber reinforced foam core sandwich structure that resulted in a successful interface fracture test. The bonded DCB specimens exhibited relatively smooth crack propagation and produced GIc values similar to honeycomb sandwich structures and significantly higher than comparable foam structures.
Associations Between Home Death and the Use and Type of Care at Home
Authors: McEwen Rebecca , Asada Yukiko , Burge Frederick , Lawson Beverley
Published: January 2018

Despite wishes for and benefits of home deaths, a discrepancy between preferred and actual location of death persists. Provision of home care may be an effective policy response to support home deaths. Using the population-based mortality follow-back study conducted in Nova Scotia, we investigated the associations between home death and formal care at home and between home death and the type of formal care at home. We found (1) the use of formal care at home at the end of life was associated with home death and (2) the use of formal home support services at home was associated with home death among those whose symptoms were well managed.
The First Report of Relative Incidence of Inherited White Matter Disorders in an Asian Country Based on an Iranian Bioregistry System
Authors: Ashrafi Mahmoud Reza , Rezaei Zahra , Heidari Morteza , Nikbakht Sedigheh , Malamiri Reza Azizi , Mohammadi Mahmoud , Zamani Gholam Reza , Badv Reza Shervin , Rostami Parastoo , Movahedinia Mojtaba , Qorbani Mostafa , Amanat Man , Tavasoli Ali Reza
Published: January 2018

Childhood leukodystrophies are a fast-growing field of pediatric neurology practice. Epidemiologic studies on the incidence of these disorders in children show different results. This is the first report of childhood leukodystrophies incidence from Iran. The enrolled patients were recruited from the neurometabolic bioregistry system that was organized in 2010 in the Children’s Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. Herein is reported the incidence rate of leukodystrophies in those patients who were residents of 2 big popular provinces near Iran’s capital city Tehran, with an average child population of 2 988 800 children. Ninety cases of leukodystrophies from Tehran and Alborz provinces who were registered between 2010 and 2016 in the bioregistry system were enrolled in this study. The annual incidence of inherited white matter disorders was 3.01/100 000, the highest number compared with those found in other studies using similar methods throughout the world. One of the main cause of this higher incidence could be the higher number of consanguineous marriages in Iran.
Book Review: William Elison, Christian Lee Novetzke, and Andy Rotman, Amar Akbar Anthony: Bollywood, Brotherhood, and the Nation
Authors: Mishra Vijay
Published: January 2018

William Elison, Christian Lee Novetzke, and Andy Rotman, Amar Akbar Anthony: Bollywood, Brotherhood, and the Nation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016, 334 pp., US $46.50 (Hardback), ISBN: 978-0-674-50448-6
Fishing in the Troubled Waters: Fishermen Issue in India–Sri Lanka Relations
Authors: Manoharan N. , Deshpande Madhumati
Published: January 2018

India’s relations with its neighbours in the maritime domain have received less scholarly attention. Those studies that deal with India’s relations with its South Asian neighbours generally touch on political security, socio-cultural and economic issues. The maritime aspect is either ignored or tucked in as a part of other dimensions. The present study attempts to fill the gap in the literature by taking up the case of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is chosen as a case, not only because the island state is India’s closest maritime neighbour but also due to the existence of deep interactions between the two countries in diverse fields both at governmental and non-governmental levels. In the maritime domain, in the present context, technically speaking, there is no problem between the two countries. However, the fishermen issue remains one of the issues principally because of the Tamil Nadu factor. Analysing the issue in five phases, the study argues for a ‘comprehensive approach’ for its settlement.1
Are Organizations Accountable? Disconnect between Gender and Sanitation in Bangladesh
Authors: Mannan Fouzia
Published: January 2018

Deep-rooted gender inequalities exist in organizations responsible for provisioning sanitation facilities in Bangladesh with regard to organizational culture, financial status and power axis within and beyond the organizations. There are huge gaps between these organizations as these have differential gender-sensitive policies or even lack proper understanding of gender. Without having a gender-sensitive leadership within organizations, sanitation issues continue to have a male-dominated bias. Given the patriarchal organizational culture and mindset in Bangladesh, serious rethinking is needed to bring about a gender-sensitive sanitation policy. This article aims to investigate gender issues in sanitation through qualitative analysis of select sanitation and water-implementing organizations in Dhaka and explore how they understand, interpret and practice ‘gender’.
Ethnic youth and sexual identity: the role of clinical and social support for ‘double minorities’
Authors: Wong Nicole , Menkes David B
Published: January 2018

Objectives:

Sexual-minority youth exhibit increased rates of psychiatric morbidity, subject to various social factors. We examine the impact of ethnicity and culture on these phenomena, with particular reference to Asian youth living in Western societies.

Conclusions:

Youth from minority ethnic groups who do not identify with their native gender and/or who are not exclusively heterosexual are known as ‘double minorities’. Available evidence suggests that such individuals are at particularly increased risk of depression and suicide, but that this may be mitigated by social support. More research is needed to understand the challenges faced by ‘double minorities’, notably their perception of and ability to access available clinical and social supports.
Research at the Marketing Interface to Advance Entrepreneurship Theory
Authors: Hills Gerald E. , Laforge Raymond W.
Published: January 2018

The knowledge base for the emerging field of entrepreneurship should be interfunctional and interdisciplinary. Yet the functional discipline of marketing has contributed to the entrepreneurship field in only recent years. And entrepreneurship researchers and writers often address marketing superficially, without an awareness of sophisticated marketing concepts and methods.

The objectives of this article are to identify key tangencies at the marketing/entrepreneurship interface, to provide relevant research sources, and to selectively convey illustrative marketing knowledge. Because length constraints prevent In-depth attention to any subject, breadth over depth is our objective.

There are three major sections in this paper. First, the marketing/entrepreneurship interface is defined, with attention to various schools of marketing thought and their potential value to the entrepreneurship field. Secondly, unique tangencies with the buyer behavior literature are discussed and venture ideas and their evaluation (product research) are highlighted. Finally, the marketing strategy literature is reviewed as it potentially contributes to new venture development. In addition, other Important interfaces are briefly discussed.
Unlisted Businesses are Not Financial Clones of Listed Businesses
Authors: Vos Ed
Published: January 2018

Benchmarks for judging financial performance are often found by using financial statement ratio analysis. Ratios of the publicly listed sector are not good surrogates for those of the unlisted sector. Observations of 209 financial statements from the unlisted sector (“small”) when compared to all publicly listed companies in New Zealand for the period 1984-1987 show larger ranges and variability for the unlisted sector. Unlisted companies’ financial ratios and their correlations cannot be considered the same as those of the listed companies. Caution is required before any use is made of listed companies’ performance ratios for judgments on unlisted companies.
The Operation of Intentions in Time: The Emergence of the New Venture
Authors: Bird Barbara J.
Published: January 2018

Entrepreneurs’ timeframes for the birth and early development of new ventures offers a new lens for understanding the psychology and social construction of new organizations. This paper reviews the temporal aspects of new venture intentions. A model that features temporal brackets is presented.
What Happened before the Organization? A Model of Organization Formation
Authors: Learned Kevin E.
Published: January 2018

This paper attempts to explain the observations that not all Individuals have the potential to found organizations, and that of those who do, not all try or succeed. Three dimensions to organization formation are proposed: propensity to found, intention to found, and sense making. These three dimensions lead to a decision to found the venture, or to abandon the attempt. Several propositions are derived from the model.
An Interactive Model of the Corporate Entrepreneurship Process
Authors: Hornsby Jeffrey S. , Naffziger Douglas W. , Kuratko Donald F. , Montagno Ray V.
Published: January 2018

A review of the intrapreneurship and entrepreneurship literature suggests that there may be consistent organizational and Individual characteristics that lead to intrapreneurial behavior. To date, very little research exists which attempts to establish a theoretical framework or model that outlines the various components, Including Individual and organizational characteristics that affect the corporate entrepreneurship process. This paper proposes a model that explains the intrapreneurial process based on a review of past theoretical and empirical research.
Determinants of New-Firm Formations in Manufacturing Industries: Industry Dynamics, Entry Barriers, and Organizational Inertia
Authors: Dean Thomas J. , Meyer G. Dale , DeCastro Julio
Published: January 2018

This article utilizes the Ideas of Austrian economists, Industrial organization economists, and organization theorists to build a model of new-firm creation In manufacturing industries. Market dynamics create disequilibrium and profit opportunities for entrepreneurs. Whether available opportunities are exploited by existing firms, or through the founding of new firms Is dependent on the constraints on each of these types of entrepreneurs. Entry barriers tend to constrain new firms and therefore decrease the relative occurrence of new business formations. Organizational Inertia acts as a constraint on existing firms and thereby encourages the creation of new organizations.
How Satisfied Are the Self-Employed: A Secondary Analysis Approach
Authors: Katz Jerome A.
Published: January 2018

Researchers from diverse disciplines have come to the conclusion that the self-employed should be more satisfied than the wage-or-salarled, but the samples used In these studies are largely Inadequate for generalizations. Studies using representative samples have disagreed on this important point. Naughton's (1987a & b) results generally supported the higher job satisfaction of the self-employed, but these findings were at odds with the implications of a similar representative sample study by Eden (1975). The idea of secondary analysis In replication research is introduced and applied to entrepreneurship research. The process and problems encountered In replicating the two studies, and the decisions made to resolve conflicts between the studies are discussed as examples of the problems secondary analysts face. Explanations for the divergent findings and implications for fostering secondary analysis approaches in entrepreneurship are discussed.
Venturing into Foreign Markets: The Case of the Small Service Firm
Authors: Erramilli M. Krishna , D'Souza Derrick E.
Published: January 2018

The study contrasts foreign market entry behavior of small and large service firms. The sample consisted of 141 firms of which 54 were small firms and 87 were larger firms. The study provides empirical evidence that the behavior of small firms differs from that of larger firms mainly in service industries characterized by higher capital intensity. It also suggests that at lower levels of capital intensity, small firm behavior may resemble that of larger firms. More specifically, In industries characterized by lower levels of capital Intensity, small service firms are as likely as their larger counterparts to enter culturally distant markets and to choose foreign direct Investment (FDI) modes of entry. But, at higher levels of capital Intensity, small service forms are less likely than larger ones to enter culturally distant markets, and to choose FDI modes of entry.
Tightening the Life-Cycle Construct: A Taxonomic Study of Growth Stage Configurations in High-Technology Organizations
Authors: Hanks Steven H. , Watson Collin J. , Jansen Erik , Chandler Gaylen N.
Published: January 2018

Over the years much has been written about the organization life cycle, yet there has been remarkably little attention given to the underlying construct of a life-cycle stage. It is proposed in this study that each life-cycle stage consists of a unique configuration of variables related to organization context and structure. Cluster analysis is used to derive a taxonomy of growth stage configurations in a sample of 126 high-technology organizations. The derived configurations suggest a sequence of four growth stages.
Contracting Strategies in Entrepreneurial and Established Firms
Authors: Hudson Roger L. , McArthur Angeline W.
Published: January 2018

Entrepreneurial and established firms need different contracting strategies because they operate in different environments. Established firms operate in an environment of economic equilibrium, whereas entrepreneurial firms operate in an environment of economic disequilibrium. A general contracting model is developed that takes into account risk, environmental context, governance structure, safeguards, transaction costs, and transaction justice. The model is used to develop hypotheses about how entrepreneurial and established firms’ contracting strategies differ and how contracting strategies lead to firm success or failure.
Broadening the Concept of Entrepreneurship: Comparing Business and Consumer Entrepreneurs
Authors: Huefner Jonathan C. , Hunt H. Keith
Published: January 2018

It is proposed that entrepreneurial behavior occurs in many domains of life, not Just in business. Examples of nonbusiness entrepreneurial behavior are provided. Domain-specific versions of the Entrepreneurial Attitude Scale (EAS) were used to predict entrepreneurs in business and consumer contexts. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified those items that significantly discriminated between business and consumer entrepreneur groups. Results support the concept of entrepreneurial consumer behavior. The four common elements across domains suggest that personal control and innovation were common elements of both business and consumer entrepreneurs.
Entrepreneurship and Family Business Research: Comparisons, Critique, and Lessons
Authors: Brockhaus Robert H.
Published: January 2018

The history of entrepreneurship research offers some insights into the future of family business research. These Insights suggest possible developmental processes for the family business research field and offer opportunities for family business researchers to build upon the foundations prepared by entrepreneurship researchers. History offers cautions as well to the future and value of family business research.