bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carotenóides: uma possível proteção contra o desenvolvimento de câncer
Authors: Gomes Fabio da Silva
Published: November 2007

Este artigo discute as possibilidades de proteção contra o desenvolvimento do câncer, proporcionadas por carotenóides provenientes da alimentação, com base em uma revisão da literatura. Os carotenóides têm demonstrado uma ação protetora contra a carcinogênese, tanto em estudos in vitro como in vivo, com animais e humanos. Entre eles, a beta-criptoxantina, a fucoxantina, a astaxantina, a capsantina, a crocetina e o fitoeno, têm sido pouco explorados, e a literatura ainda se mostra extremamente limitada e pouco conclusiva. Estudos experimentais com humanos demonstraram não haver efeito, ou efeito reverso, do beta-caroteno, no entanto, não incluíram anteriormente variáveis intervenientes e interativas que deveriam ter sido controladas. A partir da evidência científica, baseada em estudos epidemiológicos e ensaios experimentais recentes, e da elucidação dos mecanismos de atuação de fitoquímicos relacionados à maior proteção contra o câncer, conclui-se que a alimentação rica em carotenóides provenientes das frutas, legumes e verduras, representa um possível fator de proteção contra o desenvolvimento do câncer.
Reposição cirúrgico-ortopédica de implante mal posicionado: relato de caso
Authors: Silva Luiz Carlos Ferreira da , Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito , Vasconcellos Ricardo José de Holanda , Anjos Edvaldo Dorea dos
Published: November 2007

A reabilitação bucal por meio da colocação de implantes dentários tem se tornado um procedimento freqüente da clínica odontológica. Falhas no planejamento ou na execução da técnica podem levar a casos onde, apesar de osseointegrado, o implante não apresenta condições de restauração satisfatória devido ao seu mal posicionamento. Diversos autores têm relatado a possibilidade de se utilizar osteotomias segmentares de maxila ou mandíbula para reposicionar um segmento alveolar com implante, mostrando que esta pode ser uma técnica efetiva e previsível para restaurar implantes em posição anatômica comprometida. O presente trabalho apresenta o caso clínico de uma paciente de 20 anos de idade onde foi realizada osteotomia segmentar de maxila associada à distração osteogênica para correção de um implante mal posicionado.
Cytotaxonomic and evolutionary considerations about karyotipic data of fishes from the Iguaçu River Basin in South of Brazil
Authors: Kantek Daniel Luis Zanella , Cipriano Roger Raupp , Abilhoa Vinícius , Artoni Roberto Ferreira , Cestari Marta Margarete
Published: November 2007

The cytogenetic data available in the literature about the ichthyofauna of the Iguaçu River basin were analyzed in this review. The ichthyofauna was characterized by the high level of endemism and by the low diversity of species. Twenty-four of the eighty-one species were already karyotyped; six Characiformes, fourteen Siluriformes and four Perciformes. The chromosomal data showed the taxonomic and systematic complexity of the groups. Hypothesis related to the evolution of some Characiformes and Siluriformes groups from the Iguaçu River are proposed, as well as the utilization of karyotypic data for cytotaxonomy.
Survey of natural radioactivity levels in Ilex paraguariensis (St. Hil.) by gamma-ray spectrometry
Authors: Scheibel Viviane , Appoloni Carlos Roberto
Published: November 2007

The mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis - St. Hil.) is a beverage broadly cultivated and consumed in Brazil. The radioactive traces present in three trademarks of toasted mate tea produced at the south of Brazil were analyzed. Measurements were carried out by gamma-ray spectrometry. The average value for the 40K activity measured for marks A, B and C was 1216 ± 8, 1047 ± 14 and 666 ± 13 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The 137Cs activity was lower than the limit of detection.
Composição florística dos afloramentos rochosos do Morro do Forno, Altinópolis, São Paulo
Authors: Oliveira Rejane Barbosa de , Godoy Silvana Aparecida Pires de
Published: November 2007

Áreas de afloramentos rochosos em topos de morros abrigam uma vegetação bastante peculiar. Muitas das espécies que ocorrem nessas áreas apresentam uma série de características que permitem sua sobrevivência num ambiente com solo pobre e arenoso, com alta insolação e grande oscilação de temperatura entre o dia e a noite. Essas características particulares despertaram o interesse no estudo da flora das áreas de afloramentos rochosos do Morro do Forno (Altinópolis-SP). A flora apresenta um total de 157 espécies distribuídas em 48 famílias. Fabaceae (14 spp.), Asteraceae (12 spp.), Poaceae (12 spp.), Rubiaceae (11 spp.), Malpighiaceae (9 spp.) e Melastomataceae (8 spp.) são as famílias com o maior número de espécies. O estrato herbáceo-arbustivo caracteriza a área (61%), seguido pelo arbóreo (19%), sendo de menor representatividade as lianas (11%) e os subarbustos (9%). Muitas das espécies que ocorrem na área estão presentes em outros afloramentos rochosos brasileiros como, por exemplo, nos campos rupestres da Serra do Cipó e Serra da Canastra em Minas Gerais e nos cerrados rupestres da Chapada dos Guimarães no Mato Grosso.
Padrões ecológicos da comunidade de ácaros em euforbiáceas de um fragmento de mata estacional semidecidual, no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Feres Reinaldo José Fazzio , Buosi Renato , Daud Rodrigo Damasco , Demite Peterson Rodrigo
Published: November 2007

Foi estudada a diversidade e a sazonalidade da comunidade de ácaros em três euforbiáceas nativas de um fragmento de mata estacional semidecidual, através de coletas mensais realizadas de maio de 2003 a abril de 2004. Foram aplicados índices descritores de diversidade, dominância e de equitatibilidade, para estudar os padrões ecológicos da comunidade, e a correlação linear de Pearson, para relacionar a abundância dos ácaros com a pluviosidade. Foram registrados 11.515 ácaros pertencentes a 111 espécies de 73 gêneros e 25 famílias. Dessas espécies, 44% são generalistas enquanto que 21 e 35% são fitófagas e predadoras, respectivamente. As fitófagas foram as mais abundantes, representando 45,7% do material coletado, seguido pelas predadoras e generalistas, que constituíram 40,5 e 13,7% dos espécimes amostrados, respectivamente. Phytoseiidae foi a família com a maior riqueza de espécies (23), seguida por Tarsonemidae (18) e Tydeidae (16). As três euforbiáceas estudadas apresentaram grande diversidade de espécies, pois os índices calculados foram superiores a 50% da diversidade máxima teórica prevista. O padrão de abundância da comunidade foi igualmente descrito pelos padrões geométrico e logarítmico. Das três espécies de plantas estudadas, apenas Acalypha diversifolia apresentou potencial para utilização em programas de Manejo Integrado de Pragas.
A new species of Australopericoma Vaillant (Diptera, Psychodidae) from the Brazilian semi-arid region
Authors: Bravo Freddy
Published: November 2007

A new species of Australopericoma Vaillant from Brazil is described and illustrated. It is the first record of Australopericoma from the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil.
Laser‐speckle properties and their effect on target detection
Authors: Gaska James P. , Tai Chi‐Feng , Geri George A.
Published: November 2007

Abstract— Laser projectors are currently being developed for use in high‐fidelity wide‐field‐of‐view displays. In order to assess the effects of laser speckle on target detection, contrast thresholds as a function of target spatial frequency on both a laser‐speckle background and a uniform‐luminance field have been measured. For all spatial‐frequency targets tested, speckle increased contrast thresholds relative to those obtained on the uniform field. In addition, a power‐spectral‐density metric for characterizing laser speckle and predicting its effect on target detection has been developed. To evaluate themetric, contrast‐energy thresholds on both a laser‐speckle background and backgrounds consisting of randomly modulated pixel luminance (i.e., pixel noise) have been measured. The results of previous studies, concerned with the detection of targets in wideband noise, suggest that these thresholds should be the same when the power spectral densities of the backgrounds are equated. It was found, however, that, for the same background power spectral density, energy thresholds on pixel noise were slightly higher than those obtained with laser‐speckle noise. This small difference could be accounted for, however, by the well‐documented individual differences in the optical parameters of the eye, particularly pupil size.
Those Wild and Wooly Seventies
Authors: Melnick Shep
Published: November 2007

See Government Grow, Gareth Davies' rich history of federal education policy, demonstrates that the 1970s and American political institutions are not nearly as conservative as we usually assume.
Evaluation of Immobilization Conditions for Enhanced Production of Gentamicin in Repeated Batch Operations by Micromonospora Echinospora
Authors: Meenavilli Himabindu , Potumarthi Ravichandra , Jetty Annapurna
Published: November 2007

Gentamicin production by immobilized cells of M. echinospora has been studied in repeated-batch processes using different immobilizing carriers such as calcium-alginate, carrageenan, agar, PVA, celite, polyurethane foam and activated carbon. With ca-alginate, gentamicin production was maximum (1096 mg/l) and the bead stability was good, whereby alginate was selected for further experimentation. The role of alginate concentration, CaCl2 concentration, bead diameter, curing time and bead inoculum quantity were studied. Better gentamicin outputs (1549 mg/l) were attained with alginate 4% (w/v), CaCl2 0.2 M, bead diameter 2.69 mm, curing time 18 h and inoculum quantity 20% v/v for six repeated cycles in shake flask. Productivity of gentamicin was increased to 1.8 fold in a fluidized bed reactor with optimized alginate immobilized beads and increased reusability. The FBR was operated for 30 days in fed batch mode operation.
Economic Assessment of the Toluene Disproportionation Process Using an External Reactor - Separator Configuration
Authors: Hughes Michael J , Moller Klaus P
Published: November 2007

A model has been developed to investigate the operation of a distillation column with an external side reactor coupled to it (ESR). This system is compared to two more conventional process systems, namely a reactor followed by a single distillation column with recycle (R-D), and a reactor followed by two distillation columns in series with recycle (R-D-D). The toluene disproportionation reaction is used in the comparison. It is found that the reactor followed by a single column is an unattractive system as the overall conversion is low (14%) compared with 56% for the R-D-D system and 40% for the ESR system. An economic comparison of the two attractive processes was performed and the results show that the side reactor system requires similar capital costs, but reduced annual utility costs. The difference is approximately 12.5% which is significant, but below the 25-50% required to make a change in established technology viable. The side reactor system does not necessarily use new technology, but it does use the old technology in a new way. Therefore, it is still worth investigating these systems further and should be a possibility when designing a new plant.
Catalytic Activity of Heteropolytungstic Acid Encapsulated into Mesoporous Material Structure
Authors: Gunduz Gonul , Dimitrova Rayna P. , Yilmaz Selahattin
Published: November 2007

The paper presents a spectroscopic and catalytic study of encapsulated Keggin type heteropoly acid (12-tungstophosphoric acid, HPW) in the mesopores of MCM-41 molecular sieves. Nitrogen physisorption, FTIR, SEM, XRD and catalytic methods have been used to characterize and compare the properties of the samples. Methanol conversion, ?-pinene isomerization and ethyl acetate oxidation have been applied as model reactions for the evaluation of acid site activity. The combined physicochemical and catalytic investigations clearly show that the introduction of 12-tungstophosphoric acid into MCM-41 causes significant changes in the properties of the sample.
Auctions with Opportunistic Experts
Authors: Basov Suren , Danilkina Svetlana
Published: November 2007

In this paper we revisit the first price and the second price sealed-bid auctions, but, unlike the standard model, we assume that bidding is conducted by an expert on behalf of the client, and that the client does not completely trust the expert's qualifications. In particular, if the client does not win the auction, but could have won it by submitting a bid below her valuation or won but feels she could have paid less for the object, the client asks the expert to justify the strategy. The objective of this paper is to incorporate the concern for the justifiability into the expert's objective function. We show that under some assumptions about the justification process the requirement of justifiability increases the optimal bid in the first price sealed-bid auction, while bidding the client's true value remains the optimal strategy in the second price auction sealed-bid auction. Hence, the first price auction may raise more revenue than the second price auction and thus it will be preferred by the seller. Both auctions allocate the good to the client with the highest valuation. However, the second price sealed-bid auction is more efficient, since the experts do not incur costs from the failure to justify their strategies.
The kinetics of chromium(VI) adsorption from water on some natural materials
Authors: Sciban Marina , Klasnja Mile
Published: November 2007

This paper is concerned with the kinetics of chromium(VI) adsorption by wood sawdust, pulp, and Kraft lignin. In our previous works we determined adsorption efficiency of these adsorbents. In this paper we focused our attention on the influence of contact time on chromium(VI) adsorption from water by the same adsorbents. The analytical data were approached from the following kinetic models: First-order kinetic model, Parabolic diffusion model, Elovich model, and Modified Freundlich model. Elovich model was shown to be the best fit for the description of chromium(VI) adsorption. It was found that adsorption was the fastest on pulp and slowest on Kraft lignin.
Tea fungus fermentation on a substrate with iron(ii)-ions
Authors: Malbasa Radomir , Loncar Eva , Kolarov Ljiljana
Published: November 2007

Iron is essential element for human metabolism and it is a constituent of both heme- containing and nonheme proteins. Its deficiency can cause serious diseases, i.e. iron-deficiency anemia, with some fatal consequences. Tea fungus beverage has high nutritional value and some pharmaceutical effects. It is widely consumed allover the world and its benefits were proved a number of times. The aim of this paper was to investigate tea fungus fermentation on a substrate containing iron(II)-ions and the possibility of obtaining a beverage enriched with iron. We monitored pH, iron content and also the production of L-ascorbic acid, which is very important for iron absorption in humans.
Conventional and alternative principles for stabilization of protein and polyphenol fractions in beer
Authors: Markovic Romeo , Grujic Olgica , Pejin Jelena
Published: November 2007

Beer haze is primarily formed through complexation of protein and polyphenolic beer ingredients. The problem of reducing susceptibility of beer haze formation can be done either by lowering protein and/or polyphenol levels, or by minimizing the molecular size of protein/polyphenols. In experimental part of this work the shelf life of unstabilized beer is being compared with beer stabilized with various standard products, such as PVPP and silica gel. Furthermore, the trials have been made to prove the functionality of a new product consisting of carrageenan and cross-linked PVPP. The method used to determine shelf life was haze forcing test (0/60?C). Extract, alcohol, bitterness, foam, haze, color and pH were also monitored. The test results showed expectedly that combined treatment of beer ensures the highest level of product stability. Through selective stripping of polyphenols and protein fractions it is possible to improve shelf life of beer to a significant extent.
Dragee product based on sunflower
Authors: Pajin Biljana , Jovanovic Olga
Published: November 2007

The sunflower kernel is rich in valuable nutritive compounds so it is suitable as a raw material for production of confectionery products. In this paper we evaluated the technological characteristics of the confectionery sunflower kernel with the aim of obtaining dragee products, and determining the final product quality and shelf life. The dragee product was obtained by panning sunflower kernel with savory powder mixture of spices in a dragee pan. The used sunflower seed has an even distribution of linear size and satisfactory dehulling characteristics. The savoury dragee product was in excellent category of sensory quality and showed stable colour and good shelf life in the period of three months.
Normal and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography of some new 1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives
Authors: Acanski Marijana , Perisic-Janjic Nada , Dimova Vesna
Published: November 2007

The retention behaviour and separation ability of normal and reversed phase HPLC with one non-polar and two polar mobile phases, have been studied by measuring the retention constants of a series of newly synthesized 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. The results are discussed in terms of the nature of the solute, eluent and stationary phase.
Thin-layer chromatography analysis and scavenging activity of marigold (Calendula officinalis L) extracts
Authors: Cetkovic Gordana , Djilas Sonja , Canadanovic-Brunet Jasna , Tumbas Vesna
Published: November 2007

The methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water extracts were obtained by extraction of marigold flower (Calendula officinalis L). The content of total phenolic compounds, determined by UV spectrophotometric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, was 15.12 mg/g. The content of total flavonoids, determined by UV spectrophotometric method according to Markham, was 5.13 mg/g. Qualitative determination of phenolic compounds in the extracts was performed by one- and two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (TLC) procedures. The results of one- and two-dimensional TLC analyses showed that different flavonoids and phenolic acids were present in the investigated extracts. The greatest number of flavonoids (rutin, quercetin and some unidentified flavonoid glycosides) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic, coumaric and vanillic acid) were deteminated in methanol extract. The influence of marigold extracts, in concentration range 0.6-1.2 mg/mL, on 2,2?-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals was investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. All extracts showed scavenging activity (SA) in the following order: ethyl acetate > n-butanol > methanol > water > chloroform > petroleum ether. The SA increased with increasing concentration of extracts. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts exibited the most significant SA. These extracts in concentration of 1.2 mg/mL eliminated completely DPPH radicals. The lowest SA had chloroform and petroleum ether extracts (in concentration of 0.6 mg/mL SA=0%). The SA of marigold extracts is attributed to its hydrogen-donating ability and scavenging effect.
Investigation of silica-PVA xerogel microstructure evolution during thermal treatment by sans experiment
Authors: Ionescu Claudia , Savii Cecilia , Balasoiu Maria , Popovici Mihaela , Enache Corina , Kuklin Alexander , Islamov Ahmed , Kovale Yurii , Almásy László
Published: November 2007

The purpose of the study was to investigate the appearance of certain microstructures developing in the SiO2/PVA nanocomposite xerogels at different temperatures by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The samples were prepared by the alcoxide route of the sol-gel method. The SANS measurements were performed over a q (scattering vector) range from 0.05 to 3.7 nm-1, providing structural information at length scales (2?/q) between approximately 1 and 100 nm. The measured small-angle scattering intensities of silica and silica/PVA samples aged at 60?C and heat-treated at different temperatures, are presented in log-log plots. It is shown that both the molecular mass of organic and the temperature of thermal treatment have strong influence on transition tendency from mass fractal toward surface fractal structures.
Preparation and characterization of magnetite-based silica nanocomposite
Authors: Popovici Mihaela , Savii Cecilia , Niznanský Daniel , Subrt Jan , Vecernikova Eva , Enache Corina , Ionescu Claudia
Published: November 2007

Sol-gel method and successive thermal treatments in vacuum and nitrogen atmosphere were employed to synthesize magnetite nanoparticles isolate them with the aid of amorphous silica. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses coupled with mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, M?ssbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry measurements were performed on the obtained nanocomposites. The effect of atmosphere on the formation of magnetite phase was remarkable.
Synthesis of dialkylaminocarbonyl N-chloro- carbonyl-N-phenyl-4-aminobenzo-(-pyrone derivatives
Authors: Djudjic Radana , Rodic-Grabovac Branka
Published: November 2007

The title compounds were prepared by condensation of N-chlorocarbonyl-N-phenyl-4-aminobenzo-(-pyrone with diethylamine dibutylamine and isopropylamine. The starting compound used for condensation with amines was obtained by a reaction of N-phenyl-4-aminobenzo-(-pyrone with oxalyl chloride.
Extraction of endo-pectinase activity from the culture filtrate of Polyporus squamosus by aqueous two-phase systems composed of low molecular mass polyethylene glycol and phosphate salt
Authors: Pericin Draginja , Radulovic Ljiljana , Curcin Senka
Published: November 2007

Separation of endo-pectinase activity from the culture filtrate of Polyporus squamosus - strain MMOL76, by aqueous two-phase partitioning technique in polyethylene glycol/sodium dihydrogen phosphate system was investigated as the first operation in the downstream processing of enzyme. The best results concerning the partitioning coefficient and the top phase yield were achieved in the polyethylene glycol 400/sodium dihydrogen phosphate system at the tie-line length 78.9 % at pH 3.8 (K = 8), with a 90% yield.
Synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and biological activity of 2-aminobenzimidazole complexes with different metal ions
Authors: Podunavac-Kuzmanovic Sanja , Cvetkovic Dragoljub , Vojinovic Ljiljana
Published: November 2007

Complexes of 2-aminobenzimidazole (L) with nitrates of cobalt(II) nickel(II), copper (II), zinc(II) and silver(I) were synthesized. The molar ratio metal:ligand in the reaction of the complex formation was 1:2. It should be noticed, that the reaction of all the metal salts yielded bis(ligand) complexes of the general formula M(L)2(NO3)2 ? nH2O (M=Co, Ni Cu, Zn or Ag; n=0, 1, 2 or 6). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis of the metal, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements and IR spectra. Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes behave as non-electrolytes, whilst Zn(II) and Ag(I) are 1:1 electrolytes. Cu(II) complex has a square-planar stereochemistry, Ag(I) complex is linear, whilst the Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes have a tetrahedral configuration. In all the complexes ligand is coordinated by participation of the pyridine nitrogen of the benzimidazole ring. The antimicrobial activity of the ligand and its complexes against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus sp. Staphylococcus aureus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. The effect of metal on the ligand antimicrobial activity is discussed.
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of zinc(II) complexes with some 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Podunavac-Kuzmanovic Sanja , Cvetkovic Dragoljub , Cetkovic Gordana
Published: November 2007

Zinc(II) chloride reacts with 2-methylbenzimidazole derivatives to give complexes of the formula ZnL2Cl2-nH2O, where L=2-methylbenzimidazole l-benzyl-2-methylbenzimida-zole and l-(4-methylbenzyl)-2-methylbenzimidazole n=0, 0.5 or 1. All the ligands and their zinc(II) complexes were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea and Candida pseudotropicalis. It was found that the majority of the investigated compounds displayed in vitro antimicrobial activity against very persistent microorganisms, except for the starting ligand, 2-methylbenzimidazole and its zinc(II) complex which were active only against gram-negative bacteria. None of the compounds was significantly effective against Candida pseudotropicalis, except for l-(4-methylbenzyl)-2-methylbenzimidazoleandits complex, which very slightly or slightly inhibited the yeast growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for all the ligands and their complexes. The effect of ligand and complex structure on the antimicrobial activity was discussed.
The use of glycohydrolase in the processing of hull-less seed variety of pumpkin in the relation to enhanced protein extraction
Authors: Pericin Draginja , Radulovic Ljiljana , Trivic Svetlana , Dimic Etelka
Published: November 2007

Enzyme hydrolysis optimisation of cell-wall polysaccharides of pumpkin seed with celluloses and pectinases and their mixture, in the relation to enhanced protein extraction was the objective of this study. The individual and combined effects of cell-wall-degrading enzyme activities on protein extraction combined with other process parameters: enzyme concentration and time of hydrolysis were evaluated by the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimal value protein isolate yield (9 g of soluble protein from J 00 g pumpkin seed) is achieved under the following conditions: 2% enzymes (celluloses), reaction time 300 min, pH = 5.0, temperature 45?C.
Homicides between heterosexual intimates: Criminological and victimological characteristics
Authors: Simeunovic-Patic Biljana
Published: November 2007

In this paper the problem of homicidal violence between heterosexual intimates is analyzed, and the need for its treatment as a specific criminological issue denoted, having in mind many of its distinctive etiological and victimological dimensions. The presented findings of an empirical research on intimate homicides committed in Belgrade from 1985 to 1993 allowed for a testing of some hypotheses related to the factors of homicidal criminalization and victimization within the context of the intimate heterosexual relationships. The evidence on history and dynamics of deeply disturbed intimate relations, as well as some typical characteristics of male intimate partners in violent heterosexual relationships, are particularly considered. On the bases of research findings, it seems possible that the plausible preventive strategies can be developed.
The Austrian Act on the Protection against Domestic Violence
Authors: Dearing Albin
Published: November 2007

The past few years have seen a fundamental and broadly based change in the response to domestic violence perpetrated by men against women. The Act on Protection against Domestic Violence which entered into force on May 1st, 1997 reflects this new orientation, or rather this shift in paradigm, which has led to a new understanding of the phenomenon of domestic violence and defines appropriate response by the state by it. The impact of this shift in paradigm is considerable: not only have public authorities and private women?s institutions changed their attitudes towards domestic violence, but the general public now responds to this phenomenon in a manner that is entirely different from what it was prior to the approach. Reports on cases of violence no longer merely state the facts indifferently, but now invariably end with the question whether the authorities had been informed and whether they had taken any action to prevent the crime. Thus the public authorities have come to assume responsibility for combating domestic violence as a result of societal developments.
Some issues of sexual violence against children
Authors: Stevanovic Ivana
Published: November 2007

The paper considers the situation of children-victims of severe sexual violence in the criminal substantive and proceedings law of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia. Through the analysis of specific incriminations sanctioning the worst forms of sexual violence against children as well as the analysis of their proceedings situation, the paper presents necessary amendments in this domain and compliance of our criminal legal system with the contemporary comparative law solutions. At the same time, the paper offers suggestions of possible new solutions in this domain, in accordance with the right of the child to comprehensive protection of his/her sexual integrity.
Failed catharsis after the Second World War
Authors: Bijelic Biljana
Published: November 2007

The Second World War is not relevant only in historical and political context. Its unsolved character is usually mentioned as one of the causes of the 1990 war. The after war policy of identity is especially relevant for today?s difficulties in consideration of collective responsibility and achieving reconciliation between communities which were in conflict. Croatian example of war crimes against Serbs in the Second World War is especially illustrative. However, that is only one of many Yugoslavs? examples, where ethnic violence in after war period was overshadowed by general suffering from foreign occupants and local traitors in the Second World War. Instead of reassessment of existing ethnic and national identities, the process of reconciliation between Croatian and Serbian community after the Second World War was exhilarated with radical changes of collective identities.
Truth and reconciliation
Authors: Golubovic Nada
Published: November 2007

In this paper present situation in BiH is analyzed and main theses, which, from the author?s point of view, may be understood as the basis for the truth and reconciliation among nations and states, are exposed.
Crime victims in the criminal justice system
Authors: Copic Sanja
Published: November 2007

Negative social reaction and inadequate reaction of the agencies of the formal control on the primary victimization is leading to the so called secondary victimization that can be a source of trauma and frustration as much as the primary victimization. Due to that, relation of the police and the judiciary towards the crime victims is of a great importance regarding victims? willingness to report the victimization, their confidence in these agencies, and cooperation during clearing up the crime. In order to realize the victim?s position in the criminal justice system, this paper contains an overview of how the police, prosecutor?s office and courts are functioning. The paper is based on the interviews made with the representatives of these state agencies, as well as on the previous knowledge and realized surveys concerning this topic. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the position and the role of the victim support service in the system of the state intervention, based upon the obtained data, as well as to give some basic information on how victims could report the crime, what are their rights and duties, what can they expect from the competent agencies.
The need for changes in administrative law from the aspect of prevention of domestic violence
Authors: Mrvic-Petrovic Natasa
Published: November 2007

The author points out some practical consequences of non-coherence of penal system such as: incomplete legal protection of domestic violence victims and inefficiency of prevention measures regarding domestic violence. Therefore author advocates for changes of administrative law of the Republic of Serbia. Those changes will, on one hand, clarify conception, place and function of misdemeanor in the penal system and, on the other hand improve protection of domestic violence victims. This second goal could be achieved through new misdemeanor offences (applicable to cases of domestic violence and broader, to people living in the same household), and new protective orders, which could be imposed individually or as supplementary to existing penalties. The content of protection orders should be a warning to a perpetrator or supervision of his behaviour.
Domestic violence in countries of the former Yugoslavia: Review of the most important results of the surveys
Authors: Copic Sanja
Published: November 2007

This paper contains some of the most important results of the survey on domestic violence in Serbia and Macedonia, as well as of the survey on violence against women that was conducted in BH Federation that also contains data about partner violence against women. These surveys have confirmed results of some other researches that domestic violence is one of the most serious but at the same time most hidden forms of victimisation. It represents the manifestation of power and control over the victim, leading to a loss of trust and threatening the safety domain. Women and children are the most affected by this form of victimization, while in most of the cases men are perpetrators. Bearing that in mind, the aim of the paper is to, on the basis of the analysis of survey results, point out the prevalence structure and some characteristics of domestic violence in the pos-war societies of the former Yugoslavia, with a particular emphasis of the impact of economy crisis and war on this issue.
Legal regulation of domestic violence in Croatia
Authors: Sucevic Radmila
Published: November 2007

Family Law passed in 1998 introduced the term domestic violence for the very first time in Croatian legal system. Article 118 of this Code contains explicit ban of if violent behavior of a spouse or other adult family member. Violation of this ban is, according to the article 362, a misdemeanor, and the sanction is up to 30 days of imprisonment. Article 118 is placed under section of parental care, subsection is Protection of rights and welfare of a child and minors. Entering article regarding family violence into this section and connecting violent behavior only to a spouse or other adult family member is dangerous, because of possibility for restrictive interpretation of this article in practice and giving protection only to children. However, in practice, although the implementation of this law started late, in June 1999, police mostly intervene and protect victims of domestic violence in all cases, no matter if it is a family with or without children. From January 1st 2001 violent behavior in a family is provided as criminal offence (article 215 of the Criminal Code). Sanction for this offence is from three months up to three years of imprisonment.
Helpful tools for criminal prosecution in domestic violence cases: Some ideas from the United States of America
Authors: Zoglin Katie
Published: November 2007

In this paper author presents three instruments that have been proven helpful in domestic violence prosecutions in the United States, particularly in California: (1) laws, (2) inter-agency protocols, and (3) victim support services. Prosecutors have found that certain laws have been helpful in domestic violence prosecutions. These include restraining orders, criminal penalties for violations of restraining orders, and evidence code provisions permitting certain kinds of testimony. Second, many jurisdictions in California have drafted inter-agency protocols. The purpose of these protocols is to help law enforcement, health care workers, and social workers in gathering evidence relating to domestic violence cases. Finally, most victims are not familiar with the criminal justice system many are nervous about going to court for domestic violence cases, for a variety of reasons. As a result, many jurisdictions have established victim support services.
Carolyn Hoyle: Negotiating domestic violence: Police, criminal justice and victims, Oxford University Press, Oxford - New York, 2000
Authors: Milivojevic Sanja
Published: November 2007

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Mike Brogden, Preeti Nijhar: Crime, abuse and the elderly, Willian publishing, 2000, str.191
Authors: Mihic Biljana
Published: November 2007

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Trauma as common denominator of sexual violence and victimisation
Authors: Veselinovic Natasa
Published: November 2007

Results of researches on biological, psychological and sociological characteristics of sexual offenders show etiological and phenomenological differences, while, on the other side, treatment programs show tendency toward unification. Unification that works contains behavioural learning victim empathy work and work on one?s own trauma. In this paper the author looks for an answer to the question who is the sexual offender and how he became that. In theory rapists and paedophiles are similar as much as their victims are, and they are often victims of some traumatic experience which seeks for satisfaction in inappropriate but well-known way. Sexual violence can be stopped by breaking the circle of its beginning and development by helping sexual perpetrator to find the way out from sexual violence circle and healthier behavioural patterns.
The position of victims and their legal representation in criminal procedures related to trafficking in people
Authors: Simonov Olivera
Published: November 2007

In this paper the problems that victims of the criminal offense of trafficking in people are faced with in on going criminal procedures in Serbia, are considered. Special emphasis is put on the absence of systematic solutions, the lack of appropriate protection of victims, high level of their secondary victimization, insufficient education of criminal justice personnel as well as on the inefficiency of criminal procedure.
From definition to the operacionalization, with emphasis on the research on violence
Authors: Knezic Branislava
Published: November 2007

This paper intends to draw attention to the process which starts with definition and ends with operacionalization, and serves the building of notion apparatus as something which precedes the research. Apart from general discussion, the paper includes the overview of definition and operacionalization problems related to the notion of violence. The author concludes that empirical data which are deprived of theoretical and methodological foundation are able neither to discover nor to explain deeper connections and relationships between phenomena. As a result, empirical data without notion framework and scientific aim, in some of research carried out in Serbia during last decade, have limited value.
Victimization of old people as members of a special marginal group
Authors: Kostic Miomira , Djordjevic Radmila
Published: November 2007

In this paper the authors explain the role of the old in status systems both in modern societies and throughout history. The authors point out the role of the ageing process in defining the marginal status of old people and their risks to become victims of abuse. Because of their biological and psychological characteristics and their social status, the old are vulnerable to various forms of abuse: physical, psychological and sexual violence, negligence, and self-negligence, abandonment and economic exploitation. The case study has been done in cooperation with the expert team of Gerontology center of the town Nis.
Service for victims of crime VDS info and victims’ support: Analysis of the previous work
Authors: Copic Sanja , Nikolic Jasmina
Published: November 2007

The first victim support service in our country VDS info and victims? support started with its work in April 2003 within the Victimology Society of Serbia. This service is aimed at victims of crime (women and men), primarily at victims of violent crime, but also of some forms of property crime (such as burglary). The aim of the Service is to offer victims of crime information on their rights and the ways of how to realize them, emotional support, as well as to refer them to other institutions/organizations depending on the certain victim?s needs. Coordinators and volunteers, who passed the appropriate training, are responsible for that. Bearing that in mind, this paper will give the brief glens on the Service itself, its organization and the way of work, followed by the analysis of the results of previous work.
Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic, Sanja Copic, Sanja Milivojevic, Biljana Simeunovic-Patic, Biljana Mihic: Trgovina ljudima u Srbiji, Viktimolosko drustvo Srbije i Organizacija za evropsku bezbednost i saradn
Authors: Savic Maja
Published: November 2007

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Prospective of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Masic Alma
Published: November 2007

In this paper current truth and reconciliation initiatives in Bosnia and Herzegovina are reviewed, with special emphasis on the activities of ICMP. Within the scope of its activities, ICMP has launched the implementation of the project "Paths to reconciliation", which is intended for the associations of the families of missing persons in the area of the former Yugoslavia. This project enables the missing families? associations to confront themselves within their national environments through a series of workshops, before tackling the difficult and painful issues that burden every ethnic community. This project also opens the possibility to explore various options that will ensure the implementation of justice and open space for a dialog between victim groups on the regional and international level and to encourage the exchange of experiences in searching for the truth and building trust. In the future, better coordination of all activities and initiatives concerning the confrontation with the past ought to be established. Such initiatives should provide a place and space for war victims groups, other NGO-s and other segments of the civic society to give their recommendations for the resolution of their common problems and for further activities in this process.
The contribution of the Youth Communication Center (YCC) to the peace building process in the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina and in the region
Authors: Kelava Vera
Published: November 2007

Ever since its formation, the YCC has been working intensely on the reconciliation process and peace building. Over the past few years, we have implemented programs and conducted activities aimed at different categories of the population (refugees and displaced persons, ethnic minorities returnees, discharged soldiers, representatives of political parties representatives of local NGO-s, etc) in more than 40 communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and broader. During our activities, we have developed a methodology of education on reconciliation and peace building by adapting the experiences of the good practice from other countries to the needs of the local environment we work in. In addition, we also organize programs aiming at connecting the young people in the region, actions and campaigns of public advocacy aimed at bringing about democratic change on the local and on the state level, counseling and psychotherapy for the vulnerable groups of citizens, continual media promotion of reconciliation over radio programs, we organize education for local experts dealing with reconciliation issues etc.
Atrocities in Vojvodina
Authors: Perusic Nikola
Published: November 2007

In Vojvodina, resentment has begun to affect everyday life and is threatening to acquire mild features of Belfast. The first wave of incidents against the minorities began towards the end of last year and in the beginning of this year. During last spring, graveyards, monuments, churches and tokens of the minorities? identity were being desecrated and destroyed. Physical incidents followed, as well as confusing situations blurring the full scope of the situation. The description of these events has been enriched by a new term atrocities. However, we have to face the fact that this topic is also weighing upon the civilian sector. The NGO Zenith has grappled with the problem of interethnic school fights, but one swallow does not mean spring.
Violence against women as the risk for social transformation
Authors: Miletic-Stepanovic Vesna
Published: November 2007

Violence against women is social risk, active at three levels: individual, group and global. Global level of risk is risk for social transformation. Theory of P. Bourdieu, and basic concepts: social reproduction, habitus, risk, capital, are used in the paper. Index of violence is generated by seven modes of violent behaviors, and four levels of intensity. Analysis steams into two directions: it researches violence against women as social relation, and relations between violence against women and social position.
The forms trafficking in human beings
Authors: Mijalkovic Sasa
Published: November 2007

Trafficking in human beings is an illegal act which interferes with the order foreseen by international regulations and national laws and endangers the values vital to society. However, all forms of human trafficking are not of the same danger to society and therefore do not represent the same risk, threat or danger to the safety of the state, society or individuals. In this paper, the author tends to classify the existing forms and aspects of trafficking in human beings as a manifestation in security practice in accordance with the level of social endangerment, geographical level of implementation, bio-physical characteristics of the victims, relation of the victim toward the position in which he/she finds himself/herself and the form of exploitation of the victim, including a short description of their most significant characteristics.
The European integration in criminal field the European arrest warrant
Authors: Palmieri Marco
Published: November 2007

The author deals with some thesis in connection with the European arrest warrant experience, what will be an interesting test for many EU countries. It affects prerogatives always reserved to state-power and main expression of national sovereignty. Anyway, bringing up to the theoretical elaboration of the so-called "third pillar", it needs to set them in action, and verify if European states are really willing to create a common juridical space putting apart claims and prejudices. Most of appraisals addressed to European arrest warrant seem to repudiate just the principle of mutual confidence in respective judiciary systems, principle the new form of cooperation is based on. Briefly, they assert a decision issued by another Member State wouldn't assure all guarantees as own juridical system. Reform would surely have been more effective and consistent if, before creating a common procedure substantial rules were set. European arrest warrant was born in order to replace the long and complex extradition system with a quick and effective tool, fit for contrasting new forms of criminality, that are able to profit boundary openings in order to escape justice.
Yvonne Jewkes: Media and Crime (Mediji i kriminalitet) Sage, London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi, 2004
Authors: Nikolic-Ristanovic Vesna
Published: November 2007

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Answers to losses
Authors: Christie Nils
Published: November 2007

All societies have their rituals. These are activated at important stages in life; birth and death, passing into woman-or manhood, large victories or defeats, - or when bad acts have been committed. Here punishment or mediation represents typical ritual answers. In my paper I will compare these two types of answers - punishment and mediation. I will look into their strengths and weaknesses as examples of important social rituals, and I will compare these two types of rituals with other fundamental rituals for passing important stages in life. May be we can understand more of both mediation and penal courts by comparing them to funerals and marriages, than as rational tools for facing crime. But the paper is not written yet. May be I will come in severe troubles.