bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary Chlorella vulgaris supplementation modulates health, microbiota and the response to oxidative stress of Atlantic salmon
Authors: Mueller Jonas , van Muilekom Doret R. , Ehlers Jannick , Suhr Marvin , Hornburg Stéphanie C. , Bang Corinna , Wilkes Marie , Schultheiß Thekla , Maser Edmund , Rebl Alexander , Goldammer Tom , Seibel Henrike , Schulz Carsten
Published: October 2024

Microalgae are emerging as functional feed ingredients in aquaculture due to their immune-stimulating and stress-modulating properties. We investigated the potential of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris as a feed supplement to improve the health and modulate microbiota and stress responses of Atlantic salmon. Triplicate groups of Atlantic salmon (~ 126 g) were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) at 15 °C and received diets supplemented with 2% (CV2) or 14% (CV14) spray-dried C. vulgaris daily, 14% once weekly (CV14w), or a control diet (CD) for 8 weeks. Subsequently, all groups were exposed to an acute one-hour peracetic acid (CH3CO3H; PAA) treatment, a commonly used disinfectant in RAS. While CV14 increased feed conversion (FCR) significantly, feeding the diets CV2 and CV14w improved protein retention efficiency. CV14 significantly modulated beta-diversity in the intestinal digesta and mucosa, but this effect was already visible in fish fed CV2. Feeding CV14 and, to a lesser degree, CV2 increased the relative abundances of Paenarthrobacter and Trichococcus in the digesta and mucosa, which are able to metabolize complex carbohydrates. However, the same diets reduced the abundance of the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus and Weissella in the digesta and Floricoccus in the mucosa. Peracetic acid exposure induced systemic stress (increase in plasma glucose and cortisol) and a local immune response in the gill, with the most prominent upregulation of several immune- and stress-regulated genes (clra, cebpb, marco, tnfrsf14, ikba, c1ql2, drtp1) 18 h after exposure in fish fed the control diet. Fish receiving CV14 once a week showed a reduced transcriptional response to PAA exposure. Catalase protein abundance in the liver increased following exposure to PAA, while superoxide dismutase abundance in the gill and liver was increased in response to C. vulgaris inclusion before stress. Overall, the results highlight that a high (14%) inclusion rate of C. vulgaris in feed for Atlantic salmon impairs feed conversion and shifts the intestinal microbiota composition in digesta and mucosa. Weekly feeding of C. vulgaris proves a viable approach in improving protein retention and improving transcriptional resilience towards oxidative stress in increasingly intensive production systems. Thereby this study may motivate future studies on optimizing temporal feeding schedules for health-promoting aquafeeds.
Microarray analysis points to LMNB1 and JUN as potential target genes for predicting metastasis promotion by etoposide in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Jiafei , Yang Hongjie , Li Peng , Zhou Yuanda , Zhang Zhichun , Zeng Qingsheng , Zhang Xipeng , Sun Yi
Published: October 2024

Etoposide is a second-line chemotherapy agent widely used for metastatic colorectal cancer. However, we discovered that etoposide treatment induced greater motility potential in four colorectal cancer cell lines. Therefore, we used microarrays to test the mRNA of these cancer cell lines to investigate the mechanisms of etoposide promoting colorectal cancer metastasis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing the gene expression profiles in samples from etoposide-treated cells and untreated cells in all four colorectal cancer cell lines. Next, these genes went through the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway analysis. Among the top 10 genes including the upregulated and downregulated, eight genes had close interaction according to the STRING database: FAS, HMMR, JUN, LMNB1, MLL3, PLK2, STAG1 and TBL1X. After etoposide treatment, the cell cycle, metabolism-related and senescence signaling pathways in the colorectal cancer cell lines were significantly downregulated, whereas necroptosis and oncogene pathways were significantly upregulated. We suggest that the differentially expressed genes LMNB1 and JUN are potential targets for predicting colorectal cancer metastasis. These results provide clinical guidance in chemotherapy, and offer direction for further research in the mechanism of colorectal cancer metastasis.
MRI grading for informed clinical decision-making in Peutz–Jeghers syndrome patients with cervical lesions
Authors: Jiang Anqi , Chen Yiqing , Ning Yan , Yu Bing , Wang Hui , Ma Fenghua , Xu Congjian , Kang Yu
Published: October 2024

The preoperative diagnosis and management of Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) patients with cervical lesions remain problematic. This study analysed the associations between pathological types of cervical lesions in PJS patients and their MRI features. A total of 34 PJS patients were included and two experienced radiologists reviewed the MRIs independently. Based on the pathological diagnosis, the patients were categorized into four groups: normal (n  =  4), lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia (LEGH, n  =  11), atypical LEGH (aLEGH, n  =  8), and gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (G-EAC, n  =  11). By observing the MRI features, we found statistically significant differences in the extent of lesions (P  = 0 .001), distribution of microcysts (P  = 0 .001), proportion of microcysts (P  <  0.001) and endometrial involvement (P  = 0.019) among the four groups. Notably, solid components and disrupted cervical stromal rings were found only in the aLEGH and G-EAC groups (P  < 0.001).  Consequently, we created a novel grading system based on the aforementioned MRI features to align with the potential malignancy of cervical lesions in PJS patients. This system enables patients to receive timely and appropriate treatment recommendations while facilitating collaboration between radiologists and physicians.
Stimulated emission from hexagonal silicon-germanium nanowires
Authors: van Tilburg Marvin A. J. , Farina Riccardo , van Lange Victor T. , Peeters Wouter H. J. , Meder Steffen , Jansen Marvin M. , Verheijen Marcel A. , Vettori M. , Finley Jonathan J. , Bakkers Erik. P. A. M. , Haverkort Jos. E. M.
Published: October 2024

Hexagonal crystal phase silicon-germanium (hex-SiGe) features efficient direct bandgap emission between 1.5 and 3.4 µm. For expanding its application potential, the key challenge is to demonstrate material gain for enabling a hex-SiGe semiconductor laser. Here we report the transition from the spontaneous emission regime to the stimulated emission-dominated amplified spontaneous emission regime in the optically excited part of a hexagonal Si0.2Ge0.8 nanowire. We observe narrow resonance peaks arising above a spontaneous emission background, which show lasing signatures such as a threshold and a superlinear increase of the emission. A Hakki-Paoli analysis of the height of the cavity resonances provides the gain spectrum of hex-SiGe, showing evidence for a positive material gain. Measurements of the cavity line widths provide an independent assessment of the total cavity loss. While lasing has not been reached, the observation of optical amplification and amplified spontaneous emission provides a clear roadmap toward lasing in hexagonal SiGe. This opens a new pathway for the monolithic integration of a Si-compatible laser within electronic chips.
Structural insights into human zinc transporter ZnT1 mediated Zn2+ efflux
Authors: Long Yonghui , Zhu Zhini , Zhou Zixuan , Yang Chuanhui , Chao Yulin , Wang Yuwei , Zhou Qingtong , Wang Ming-Wei , Qu Qianhui
Published: October 2024

Zinc transporter 1 (ZnT1), the principal carrier of cytosolic zinc to the extracellular milieu, is important for cellular zinc homeostasis and resistance to zinc toxicity. Despite recent advancements in the structural characterization of various zinc transporters, the mechanism by which ZnTs-mediated Zn2+ translocation is coupled with H+ or Ca2+ remains unclear. To visualize the transport dynamics, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human ZnT1 at different functional states. ZnT1 dimerizes via extensive interactions between the cytosolic (CTD), the transmembrane (TMD), and the unique cysteine-rich extracellular (ECD) domains. At pH 7.5, both protomers adopt an outward-facing (OF) conformation, with Zn2+ ions coordinated at the TMD binding site by distinct compositions. At pH 6.0, ZnT1 complexed with Zn2+ exhibits various conformations [OF/OF, OF/IF (inward-facing), and IF/IF]. These conformational snapshots, together with biochemical investigation and molecular dynamic simulations, shed light on the mechanism underlying the proton-dependence of ZnT1 transport.
Efficient accessibility of indole and pyrrole nuclei via late-stage aryl C–H activation of drug molecules promoted by thianthrenium salts
Authors: Hu Wangcheng , Yang Tingting , Chen Shuguang , Yuan Lili , Shang Yongjia
Published: October 2024

An efficient redox-neutral palladium-catalyzed system has been developed to introduce indole and pyrrole to various bioactive molecules via late-stage aryl C–H activation, providing a robust tool to explore structure–activity relationships (SARs).
Developing a vulcanization approach to functionalize WO3 nanoplate photocatalysts with sulfide crystals for improved photoelectrochemical properties and environmental cleanup
Authors: Liang Yuan-Chang , Huang Hui-Yun
Published: October 2024

WO3 nanoplates, when modified with ZnS particles, can effectively regulate their surface photosensitivity, making them promising photocatalysts.
Calculated and structural analyses of self-assembly formed by [7]thiaheterohelicene-2,13-carboxaldehyde molecules on Au(111)
Authors: El Hasnaoui Nadia , Bouju Xavier , Benjalal Youness
Published: October 2024

Electronic and structural properties of self-assembled domains of [7]TH-dial molecules on Au(111) surface have been characterized by calculations and compared with recent scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.
A decade of pyridine-containing heterocycles in US FDA approved drugs: a medicinal chemistry-based analysis
Authors: Dwivedi Ashish Ranjan , Jaiswal Shivani , Kukkar Deepak , Kumar Roshan , Singh Thakur Gurjeet , Singh Mahendra Pratap , Gaidhane Abhay M. , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Prasad K. Nagendra , Kumar Bhupinder
Published: October 2024

The present review is a concerted effort to cover drugs bearing pyridine rings approved in the last decade, and it provides thorough discussion and commentary on their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics together with in-depth structural analysis.
Influence of albumin concentration on surface characteristics and cellular responses in the pre-incubation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lee Sun Young , Choi Jae Won , Lee Tae Geol , Heo Min Beom , Son Jin Gyeong
Published: October 2024

Protein corona formation and cellular effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) based on pre-coated Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) concentration.
Comment on “Limonene as a renewable unsaturated hydrocarbon solvent for living anionic polymerization of β-myrcene” by A. Dev, A. Rösler and H. Schlaad, Polym. Chem., 2021, 12, 3084
Authors: Dev Akhil , Rösler Alexander , Schlaad Helmut
Published: October 2024

Polymyrcenyllithium chains in dl-limonene solution are present as dimeric associates and not as single chains.
Active molecular units in metal organic frameworks for artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Mandal Subrata , Yoosefi Sahar , Mengele Alexander K. , Rau Sven , Pannwitz Andrea
Published: October 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) integrate photoactive and catalytic entities within a 3D structure. This review classifies photocatalytic MOFs by photosensitizer and catalyst localization and their roles in artificial photosynthesis.
An acridine and naphthalene-fused chromophore for Rec. 2020 standard deep-blue OLEDs with high color purity and low-efficiency roll-off
Authors: Qiu Xu , Liu Xin , Ji Ying , Ma Chenglin , Li Jingwei , Liu Xinyong , Zhou Jiadong , Xue Shanfeng
Published: October 2024

Three deep-blue emitters are constructed based on a novel DMBA chromophore. Owing to the rigid structure and proper electron-donating property of DMBA, the three emitters exhibited deep-blue emission with high EL efficiency and color purity.
Development of N-alkylated benzimidazole based cubosome hydrogel for topical treatment of burns
Authors: Nawaz Maubashera , Hayat Sofia , Farooq Umer , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Khalid Syed Haroon , Nee Tan Wen , Khaw Kooi Yeong , Munir Rabia , Ijaz Muhammad Umar
Published: October 2024

The current study focuses on assessing the activity of the N-alkylated benzimidazole based cubosomal hydrogel (cubogel) for the topical treatment of burn wounds.
A facile self-saturation process enabling the stable cycling of a small molecule menaquinone cathode in aqueous zinc batteries
Authors: Li Shuo , Zhang Guoli , Li Qianrui , He Tianshun , Sun Xiaoqi
Published: October 2024

A facile self-saturation strategy, realized by the introduction of a hydrophobic methyl group on naphthoquinone, is demonstrated to suppress the dissolution of small molecule cathode materials and achieve stable cycling in aqueous zinc cells.
Recent advances in emerging nanozymes with aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Zhao , He Jing , Al-Mashriqi Haitham , Chen Jia , Qiu Hongdeng
Published: October 2024

Recent synthetic approaches for AIEzymes and their diverse applications in tumor imaging and therapy, anti-biofilm and antibacterial, food safety analysis, and environmental pollutant monitoring.
Efficient helical columnar emitters of chiral homoleptic Pt(ii) metallomesogens for circularly polarized electroluminescence
Authors: Zou Guo , Jiang Zhenhao , Li Dong , Li Qihuan , Cheng Yixiang
Published: October 2024

Helical columnar () emitters of homoleptic platinum(ii) metallomesogens (R/S-HPt) are constructed via chiral self-assembly, and can be applied to realize efficient solution-processed circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP-EL) devices.
Pressure-swing absorption and desorption behaviours of ammonia in bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide salts
Authors: Tokushige Manabu , Fujisawa Ryota , Ryu Junichi
Published: October 2024

The absorption and desorption behaviours of NH3 in bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (TFSA) salts were investigated using the pressure-swing method.
All-solution-processed inorganic CsPbBr3 solar cells and their bifacial-irradiation functions
Authors: Daiguji Hiroaki , Takano Hiroto , Watanabe Ibuki , Ando Rin , Ishizaki Manabu , Kurihara Masato
Published: October 2024

In all-inorganic perovskite solar cells with solution-processed semitransparent electrodes of single-walled carbon nanotubes, bifacial irradiation largely enhances power-conversion efficiencies matching the sum of monofacial-irradiation ones.
Efficient multi‐perspective jamming feature perception network for suppressive jamming recognition with limited training samples
Authors: Wu Minghua , Lin Yupei , Cheng Dongyang , Zou Xiaohai , Rao Bin , Wang Wei
Published: October 2024

Recognising suppressive jamming signals is crucial for radar systems to counteract this type of jamming, highlighting the importance of research in this area. Current deep learning‐based methods for identifying suppressive jamming signals suffer from reduced effectiveness with limited training samples and issues related to high parameter counts and computational complexity. To address these challenges, the authors propose a jamming recognition method based on an efficient multi‐perspective jamming feature perception network. This method extracts features from the time‐frequency spectrum of jamming signals from multiple perspectives, including local, multi‐scale, cross‐space, and global, to obtain more robust and discriminative jamming features and improve recognition under limited training sample conditions. Additionally, the authors design efficient modules for local jamming feature extraction, multi‐scale jamming feature down‐sampling, and global jamming feature representation. The lightweight design of these modules enables the proposed method to maintain excellent jamming recognition performance while reducing parameters and computational complexity. Simulation experiment outcomes highlight the exceptional effectiveness of the proposed technique across multiple metrics compared to eight other approaches. Furthermore, the proposed method exhibits significantly fewer parameters and lower computational complexity than its deep learning‐based counterparts.
Experimental validation of nonreciprocal metasurface using simple structure
Authors: Takahagi Kazuhiro , Tennant Alan
Published: October 2024

The non‐reciprocity of electromagnetic waves is a technology garnering significant attention for its applications in electromagnetic security and the mitigation of electromagnetic interference, serving to control radio waves in space. This article outlines a comprehensive design approach for a novel non‐reciprocal structure that integrates ferrite and metal patches. Additionally, it presents experimental results utilizing two types of ferrites. The experiments demonstrated the attainment of 15 dB isolation at both 6.25 GHz and 6.5 GHz.
Post-accident changes in the interests of residents of a municipality near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station: Text analysis of residents’ town meeting minutes
Authors: Fujii S. , Takada M. , Yasutaka T.
Published: October 2024

Long-term recovery from a nuclear accident requires processes such as rebuilding people’s social lives and restoring the environment; therefore, it is important to consider and prepare a realistic and concrete recovery timeline. In Futaba Town, where the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station is located, there are three types of areas with very different recovery situations, even more than ten years after the accident: areas where the evacuation order has been lifted, the restricted area and the interim storage facility for contaminated soil and waste. This study explored the changes in residents’ interests related to rebuilding their lives through quantitative text analyses of their statements at residents’ meetings; 804 comments and questions from residents in the minutes of meetings held in 2015, 2018, 2021 and 2022 were analysed. The results showed people’s changing interests over time, influenced by the government’s planned reconstruction projects. In the later part of the study period, we noted an increased interest in history, culture and nature, which was linked to improvements in people’s quality of life. This was consistent with the shift from the material to spiritual aspects of people’s needs, which has also been observed in the aftermath of natural disasters.
Peri- und postnatale Depression und ihre Behandlungsmöglichkeiten
Authors: Yildiz Tugba , Zeiss René , Kammer Thomas , Malejko Kathrin
Published: October 2024

Depressive Episoden treten in der Schwangerschaft und postpartal bei etwa jeder zehnten Frau auf und stellen damit eine der häufigsten peri- und postpartalen Erkrankungen dar. Die vorliegende Übersicht stellt die klinische Inzidenz dar. Es werden vorhandene Behandlungsoptionen der peri- und postnatalen Depression vorgestellt und klinisch bewertet. Die meiste klinische Erfahrung besteht in der medikamentösen Therapie und psychotherapeutischen Behandlung. Weniger zugänglich sind die Hirnstimulationsverfahren, die sich aber im Hinblick auf den Schutz des Foetus besonders eignen. Elektrokrampftherapie wird nur im stationären Rahmen durchgeführt. Die repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation hingegen eignet sich problemlos im ambulanten Bereich und stellt in Betrachten der spezifischen Risiken eine gut verträgliche und wirksame Behandlungsoption dar.
Telemedizinische Interventionen in ambulanten psychotherapeutischen
Praxen: deutschlandweite Online-Befragung von PsychotherapeutInnen und
PatientInnen zur Nutzung digitaler Interventionen
Authors: Alt Annika Kristin , Conzelmann Annette , Pascher Anja , Kühnhausen Jan , Renner Tobias J.
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund Psychotherapie digitalisiert sich. Die Studie untersuchte
Nutzungsverhalten und Akzeptanz von digitalen Psychotherapie-Interventionen bei
ambulant tätigen PsychotherapeutInnen und PatientInnen.

Methode 269 TherapeutInnen und 157 PatientInnen beantworteten in einer
Online-Befragung Fragen zur Nutzung und Zufriedenheit von digitalen
Psychotherapie-Interventionen (Videotherapie, Apps, Virtuelle Realität,
sensorbasierter Psychotherapie), Technikaffinität, Technologieakzeptanz,
digitaler Therapie-Beziehung.

Ergebnisse Alle Teilnehmenden waren zufrieden mit der Videotherapie, gaben
an Apps, VR, etc. wenig zu nutzen. PatientInnen waren offener, technikaffiner,
fühlten sich im Vergleich zu TherapeutInnen kompetenter bei der Nutzung.
PsychotherapeutInnen bewertet die digitale therapeutische Beziehung besser als
PatientInnen.

Diskussion In der ambulanten Versorgung ist der Einsatz von digitalen
Technologien in der Psychotherapie noch nicht etabliert. Akzeptanzfördernde
Maßnahmen sind notwendig, um aktuelle Barrieren der Nutzung abzubauen.
Postpartum Management of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Six Large U.S. Hospital Systems: Descriptive Review and Identification of Clinical and Research Gaps
Authors: Palatnik Anna , Hauspurg Alisse , Hoppe Kara K. , Yee Lynn M. , Kulinski Jacqueline , Khan Sadiya S. , Sabol Bethany , Yarrington Christina D. , Freaney Priya M. , Parker Samantha E.
Published: October 2024

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are a key contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. Several gaps in knowledge remain regarding best practices in the postpartum management of HDPs. In this review, we describe postpartum HDPs management among six large academic U.S. hospital systems: Medical College of Wisconsin, University of Pittsburgh, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Northwestern University, University of Minnesota, and Boston Medical Center. We identified that all six health systems discharge patients with HDPs diagnosed with a blood pressure (BP) cuff and use the same two antihypertensive medications, nifedipine and labetalol, as first- and second-line treatment of HDPs. Northwestern University routinely adds oral furosemide for 5 days for patients with BP that exceeds 150/100 mm Hg. Most hospital systems administer magnesium sulfate routinely when readmission for HDPs occurs. In contrast, there was variation in BP threshold for antihypertensive treatment initiation, use of remote BP monitoring program, use of a transition clinic, delivery or lack of education on long-term cardiovascular disease risk, and BP management through the first 6 weeks postpartum and beyond. Based on the clinical review, we identified clinical gaps and formulated considerations for research priorities in the field of postpartum HDPs management.

Key Points
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Plant Extracts against Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Wound Infections
Authors: Pietruczuk-Padzik Anna , Śliwińska Milena , Mainka Marta , Czerwińska Monika E. , Skowrońska Weronika , Bazylko Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

Wound infections are a significant medical problem, with Staphylococcus species being one of the most common etiological factors. Treatment is complex due to bacterial antibiotic resistance and the ability to form a biofilm. The aim of this study was to determine the drug susceptibility of the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species obtained from wound infections, assess their ability to form a biofilm in vitro, evaluate the level of extracellular slime synthesis, and test the antistaphylococcal properties of selected plant extracts against plate-cultured bacteria and activity against mature biofilms. A total of 20 Staphylococcus strains were evaluated. The antibiotic susceptibility and sensitivity of the strains to the tested extracts were determined using the disc diffusion method. The production of extracellular bacterial slime was assessed using Congo Red agar plates. The biofilm formation and the effect of plant extracts on the biofilm
layer were examined using the MTT method on polystyrene microtiter plates. Diverse drug susceptibility profiles, slime production ability, and in vitro biofilm formation were observed among the tested strains. It was found that aqueous extracts from the Serpylli herba, Arctii lappae folium, Taraxaci folium, and Galii aparini herba showed antibacterial activity against some of the tested strains. In contrast, their antibiofilm activity was not confirmed. Among all tested preparations, the most promising antimicrobial extracts in both planktonic cultures and biofilm were Thymus serpyllum herb and Taraxacum officinale leaf extracts. These results allowed us to conclude their potential application in medicine to support the treatment of challenging wound conditions.
Laser-Based Therapy Approaches in the Retina: A Review of Micropulse Laser Therapy for Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Nagel Ines , Mueller Arthur , Freeman William R. , Kozak Igor
Published: October 2024

Purpose This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical utility of subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) therapy in the context of retinal care. Subthreshold or “nondestructive” laser therapy encompasses treatment modalities that induce minimal or no harm to retinal or choroidal tissue and leave no visible sings post-application, while achieving clinical efficacy.

Methods A comprehensive review of literature sourced from databases including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science was conducted, focusing on articles published before February 2024, and discussing the contemporary use of SML therapy in treating diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Results The review presents evidence from scientific literature supporting SML therapy as a viable therapeutic approach for management of DR. Across numerous studies, SML therapy has demonstrated safety and additional therapeutic efficacy without causing damage to underlying retinal tissue.

Conclusion Subthreshold laser treatment emerges as a safe strategy for addressing DR. Numerous studies have shown its additional efficacy to anti-VEGF pharmacotherapy, which is the currently approved monotherapy for complications of DR. Ongoing research and clinical investigations aim to further elucidate the mechanisms and optimize the therapeutic advantages of this technology.
Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalogram in Premature Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vinnakota Gayathri G. , Lewis Leslie E. , Bharadwaj Shruthi K. , Purkayastha Jayashree , Patil Anand K.
Published: October 2024

Objective The study aimed to interpret and establish patterns of amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) in stable preterm neonates and compare the aEEG among different gestational age groups using three standard classifications.

Methods This prospective cohort study included stable preterm neonates between 240/7 and 366/7 weeks of gestation. aEEG was recorded in the first and second week of life and interpreted using the L. Hellström–Westas, Burdjalov, and Magalhães classification for background pattern, continuity, upper and lower margin amplitude, sleep–wake cycle, bandwidth, and presence of seizures. Subgroup analysis was performed based on ≤30 and >30 weeks' gestation.

Results A total of 76 aEEG recordings were analyzed from 45 preterm neonates. In the first week, 60% of the neonates had normal voltage patterns, which increased to 80% in the second week. All infants ≤30 weeks displayed discontinuous wave patterns during the first week, and half transitioned to continuous waves in the second week. The lower margin amplitude increased, and the upper margin amplitude decreased with increased gestational age. Additionally, 65% of neonates had a mature sleep–wake cycle in the second week compared with 22% in the first week. The median (interquartile range) CFM score in the second week was 12 (4.5) compared with 8 (4) in the first week, and the CFM score positively correlated with gestation (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.7–0.86). Magalhães grading in both groups was predominantly normal.

Conclusion aEEG is predominantly a continuous normal voltage pattern in >30 weeks' gestation and discontinuous in ≤30 weeks' gestation. CFM score correlates positively with advancing gestation gestational age.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclobutylboronates
Authors: Yan Xufei , Xia Ying , Yuan Fushan
Published: October 2024

Cyclobutane derivatives are important motifs in natural products and bioactive compounds. Owing to their inherent strain, the asymmetric synthesis of cyclobutanes remains a formidable challenge. With the development of various stereospecific transformations of alkylboronic esters, chiral cyclobutylboronates are expected to serve as promising synthetic intermediates for accessing chiral cyclobutane derivatives. However, obtaining highly enantioenriched cyclobutylboronates poses a daunting task in the field of organic synthesis. In this context, we highlight recent significant advances in the synthesis of chiral cyclobutylboronates.

1 Introduction

2 Enantioselective Borylation of Cyclobutenes

3 Enantioselective Borylation of Cyclobutanes

4 Other Methods

5 Conclusions
A Standard Approach to Project-Based Learning in a Clinical Informatics Fellowship
Authors: Leu Michael G. , Singh Angad P. , Lewis Christopher W. , Jane Fellner B. , Kim Theresa B. , Lin Yu-Hsiang , Sutton Paul R. , White Andrew A. , Tarczy-Hornoch Peter
Published: October 2024

Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education suggests that Clinical Informatics (CI) fellowship programs foster broad skills, which include collaboration and project management. However, they do not dictate how to best accomplish these learning objectives.

Objectives This study aimed to describe a standard approach to project-based learning for CI, to share its implementation, and to discuss lessons learned.

Methods We created a standard approach to project-based learning based on concepts from adult learning theory, the project life cycle framework, the Toyota Production System, and Improvement Science.

Results With this standard approach in place, we learned how best to support fellows in its use. In addition to this approach to supporting needs assessment, risk/change management, implementation, and evaluation/improvement skills, we found the need to develop fellow skills in collaboration, leadership, and time management/managing up. Supported by project-based learning using this standard approach, and with targeted project selection to meet topic-based learning objectives, fellows reached the ability to practice independently in 15 to 21 months.

Discussion Fellows are uniquely positioned to ensure the success of projects due to their increased availability and protected time compared with attendings. They are readily available for project teams to draw upon their expertise with clinical workflows and understanding of technological solutions. Project-based learning addressing organizational priorities complements fellow project management coursework and improves fellows' ability to function successfully in large, complex, and dynamic organizations. Exposing fellows to contemporary problems, then addressing them through projects, provides fellows with up-to-date applied informatics knowledge.

Conclusion Project-based learning can ensure that many general CI learning objectives are supported inherently. It reinforces project management teachings, while providing fellows with a marketable project portfolio to aid with future job applications. Having projects tightly aligned with organizational priorities supports ongoing investment in fellowship programs.
Instability and ultra-high frequency spectrum pulse train in passively Q-switched Yb:LuAG ceramic laser
Authors: Dai Min
Published: October 2024

The ultra-high-frequency pulse trains in a Yb:LuAG passively Q-switched laser with a Yb ratio of 15 at. % are experimentally investigated. The pulse trains consist of a low-frequency harmonic spectrum pulse train with a fundamental frequency below 500 KHz as the source and an ultra-high-frequency harmonic spectrum pulse train with an exciting fundamental frequency above 104 KHz. The basic frequency of the low spectrum increases approximately linearly with increasing pump power. The change law of the fundamental frequency of the ultra-high frequency spectrum with the increase in pump power conforms to the frequency-doubling principle of the harmonic spectrum changing to a higher frequency, and increases exponentially with A × 2n (n is a natural number, A = 1.25 × 108, 1.552 × 108, or 1.0 × 108 Hz). In this paper, the base frequency range of the ultra-high-frequency spectrum was 0.077 73 GHz–0.66 THz. The maximum average peak power of an ultra-high-frequency pulse was 18.25 mW, and the minimum width of an ultra-high-frequency pulse was 3.2 ps.
Spin Hall magnetoresistance in Pt/(Ga,Mn)N devices
Authors: Mendoza-Rodarte J. Aaron , Gas Katarzyna , Herrera-Zaldívar Manuel , Hommel Detlef , Sawicki Maciej , Guimarães Marcos H. D.
Published: October 2024

Diluted magnetic semiconductors have attracted significant attention for their potential in spintronic applications. Particularly, magnetically doped GaN is highly attractive due to its high relevance for the CMOS industry and the possibility of developing advanced spintronic devices, which are fully compatible with the current industrial procedures. Despite this interest, there remains a need to investigate the spintronic parameters that characterize interfaces within these systems. Here, we perform spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) measurements to evaluate the spin transfer at a Pt/(Ga,Mn)N interface. We determine the transparency of the interface through the estimation of the real part of the spin mixing conductance, finding Gr = 2.6 × 1014 Ω−1 m−2, comparable to state-of-the-art yttrium iron garnet/Pt interfaces. Moreover, the magnetic ordering probed by SMR above the (Ga,Mn)N Curie temperature TC provides a broader temperature range for the efficient generation and detection of spin currents, relaxing the conditions for this material to be applied in spintronic devices.
Graphics card-based real-time processing for dual comb interferometry
Authors: Walsh Mathieu , Kasic James , Cossel Kevin , Genest Jérôme
Published: October 2024

The technique of performing interferometry with two optical frequency combs is used by an increasing number of research groups and even for field deployed commercial applications. Real-time interferogram acquisition, correction, and averaging are, however, still not broadly accessible. This limits the deployment and wider adoption of this high resolution, high sensitivity technique. We herein introduce and describe a freely available correction software performing real-time processing on a graphics processing unit.
Advancements in triboelectric nanogenerator applications for health monitoring
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Cheng Zihang , Liu Dongsheng , Gao Zihao , Mao Yupeng
Published: October 2024

The advancement of intelligent monitoring technologies has created innovative pathways in the health sector. Leveraging sensors within smart devices, data can be seamlessly harvested by network systems. Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs), acting as self-powered sensors, show promise for green, sustainable sensing and health-focused human–machine interactions. This Review Article delves into the four operational mechanisms of TENGs, providing a comprehensive review of their monitoring capabilities across varied environments. Specific applications include tracking human motion parameters, such as angles, frequencies, and trajectories, utilizing diverse materials to measure vital signs, such as heart rate, pulse, blood pressure, and respiration under changing conditions, in rehabilitation settings, employing both composite and standalone TENGs for targeted monitoring. This study also addresses challenges faced by TENGs, focusing on material flexibility, sustainability, washability, elasticity, and biocompatibility. The findings underscore the transformative potential of TENGs in health monitoring, offering valuable insights for fields such as smart sports, rehabilitation, and healthcare sensing.
Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and chemical bonding of ThS2− and ThSO−
Authors: Marshall Mary , Zhu Zhaoguo , Nguyen Truong-Son , Tufekci Burak A. , Foreman Kathryn , Peterson Kirk A. , Bowen Kit H.
Published: October 2024

Anion photoelectron spectra of ThSO− and ThS2− were recorded using the third (355 nm) harmonic of an Nd-YAG laser; these provided the measured vertical detachment energies of each anion. The experiments are supported by extensive coupled cluster calculations on ThSO, ThSO−, ThS2, and ThS2−, as well as the oxygen congeners ThO2 and ThO2−. The ab initio calculations, which included complete basis set extrapolations, spin–orbit effects using four-component coupled cluster, and higher-order correlation contributions through CCSDT(Q), yielded an adiabatic electron affinity for ThO2 that was within 0.02 eV of the previously determined experimental value. The singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) in all three anions corresponds primarily to the 7s orbital on Th. Successive substitution of S for each O in ThO2 leads to larger electron affinities and smaller bond angles in the neutral molecules, but larger angles in the anions. As demonstrated by Franck–Condon simulations of the spectra using the CCSD(T) spectroscopic constants, substitution of O by S significantly complicates the resulting detachment spectra due to the lower vibrational frequencies in the sulfur species. Overall the calculated vertical detachment energies are in very good agreement with the experiment. In addition to the adiabatic electron affinities of each species, atomization energies and heats of formation have also been determined via the FPD approach with expected uncertainties of 1–2 kcal/mol.
Non-local optical response of a multi-phased quantum material
Authors: Zhang D. , Naik G. V.
Published: October 2024

Light–matter interaction in quantum materials presents a new paradigm as light can tip the balance between many competing quantum many-body phases to result in new phenomena. Describing the optical response of such materials requires complex models. Here, we develop a non-local model to describe the optical response of a quantum material, 1T-TaS2. 1T-TaS2 is a charge density wave material that supports competing stacking configurations of its charge domains. The presence of various stacking domains results in an inhomogeneity that necessitates a non-local dielectric function. We experimentally measure the non-local optical response of 1T-TaS2 films under various illumination intensities and validate our model. The non-local parameter extracted from our measurements sheds light on the competition between the two stacking configurations of 1T-TaS2. Our technique of measuring non-local optical response serves as a quick, simple, and non-invasive method to probe the energy landscape of strong correlations in many such quantum materials.
A computational study of the influence of wavy arteries and veins on hemodynamic characteristics in an unsteady state
Authors: Kotian Shreyas , Methekar Nachiket , Nikam Shailesh
Published: October 2024

The present work is focused on the study of hemodynamic characteristics for tortuous arteries/veins in a pulsatile flow. This work is an extension of an earlier work by the author, which reported the hemodynamic characteristics in a steady flow situation. It is a well-known fact that various geometric parameters affect the hemodynamics, such as the diameter of vessels, the diameter of mother and daughter tubes in bifurcation, the angle between them, and their relative magnitudes. This paper is focused on the effect of tortuosity produced in straight and bifurcating tubes under pulsatile flow conditions. A heartbeat rate of 120 bpm is considered for pulsation, covering one cycle of systole and diastole. The measure of tortuosity is defined by the varying pitch and the amplitude. The present analysis is carried out computationally using ANSYS. Results are presented through secondary flow streamline, velocity profile, and its effect on wall shear stress. Key findings are that secondary vortices are observed in the bifurcated model and counter-rotating vortices are observed in the wavy tube geometry. The velocity distribution is asymmetric in the case of the plain bifurcation geometry. In the case of the wavy tube and bifurcated geometry, there is a shift in peak velocity from the inner to the outer wall, depending on the crest and trough positions of the tortuous vein. Relative change in magnitude of velocity for wavy tube depends on the depth and pitch of wavy wall of the tortuous tube. The velocity reduces with an increase in time step for unsteady flow.
A decade of mid-infrared, 3.5 µm dual-wavelength pumped fiber lasers, review and perspective
Authors: Henderson-Sapir O. , Ottaway D. J.
Published: October 2024

It has been a decade since dual-wavelength pumping revolutionized the efficiency and power of the 3.5 µm transition in erbium-doped fluoride fibers, demonstrating the potential for near-watt level output from fiber lasers operating well beyond 3 µm. Since then, the dual-wavelength pumping technique has driven considerable advances and a deeper understanding of this transition. In this contribution, we summarize the progress in this field and outline the steps necessary for further significant advancements.
Ultrafast synthesis of biphase Ni-doped FeOOH for efficient and stable oxygen evolution at high current density
Authors: Xie Meng-Yuan , Wan Hui , Nie Jianhang , Xian Ming-Hua , Ou-Yang Zhen-Yang , Huang Jia-Rong , Huang Gui-Fang , Huang Wei-Qing
Published: October 2024

NiFe oxyhydroxides, generally reconstructed on surface during oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are real active species for water oxidation; however, their direct and convenient preparation remains challenging. Here, we develop a one-step approach to prepare biphase (α/δ) Ni-doped FeOOH catalyst in 3 min under room temperature. The core of this ultrafast method is that Fe2+ derived from the redox reaction of Fe3+ and Ni2+ accelerate Fenton-like reaction, while simultaneously producing mixed-valence Ni ions(Ni2+, Ni3+) results in not only homovalent and heterovalent doping, but also biphase Ni-doped FeOOH heterojunction with high and low crystallinity. Specifically, Ni2+ doping leads to a preferred formation of low-crystalline δ-oriented Ni-doped FeOOH with abundant oxygen vacancies, which is in favor of triggering the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) during OER. Benefitting from high/low crystalline biphase heterojunction and LOM, the optimized Ni-FeOOH merely needs low overpotential of 300 mV to reach 1000 mA cm−2 for OER in alkaline electrolyte and also shows excellent durability even at a high current density of 500 mA cm−2. This work provides a cost-effective strategy to fabricate highly active and robust non-noble electrocatalysts that can potentially be applied for industrial-scale OER electrolysis.
Experimental study on infiltration behavior of slurry containing excavated sand into saturated sand
Authors: Yin Zhanchao , Zhang Xiao , Zheng Dongzhu , Zhang Qingsong
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the infiltration patterns of a bentonite-sand slurry into saturated sand. Bentonite-sand slurry is formed when excavated sand mixes with bentonite slurry inside the excavation chamber, a common phenomenon during slurry shield tunneling. Employing a normal laboratory setup designed to emulate field conditions, the study elucidates the impacts of varying bentonite and sand concentrations, as well as the pressure applied, on the infiltration process. The findings highlight that low-permeability zone invariably form on the sand layer's surface, with their formation rate and pressure transfer efficiency being negatively influenced by the sand particle accumulation from the slurry. The infiltration process, as dictated by changes in the Peclet number (Pe), can be effectively categorized into three distinct stages: mud spurt, internal filter cake formation, and surface filtration. The correlation between the duration of the first two stages and the sand content can be described by a linear function. It was observed that low-permeability zone formation can be expedited, and slurry pressure transfer can be enhanced, by increasing the concentration of bentonite. The manipulation of excess slurry pressure, however, produced inconsistent outcomes, as increased applied pressure was found to lower pressure transmission efficiency. Mechanisms of bentonite-sand-slurry infiltration are discussed, and implications for field applications are described.
Particle simulation of a Hall thruster plasma plume
Authors: Li Zhixin , Zheng Yusong , Zhang Wanting , Xu Amin , Wang Youmei
Published: October 2024

Effects of the propellant, propellant mass-flow rate, and discharge voltage on the characteristics of the plume of small Hall thrusters are studied using a particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collisions program. It is shown that with the same discharge voltage and mass flow, the divergence angle of the xenon plume is smaller than that of argon and is not linearly dependent on the propellant mass flow rate. Moreover, the effect of the discharge voltage on the plume divergence angle can be significant. As the discharge voltage increases from 100 to 300 V, the plume divergence angle decreases, but in the range 300–400 V, it increases with the discharge voltage. The obtained data can be useful for the design and improving the efficiency of Hall thrusters.
Transactional sex and its associated factors among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Nepal
Authors: Sujan Md. Safaet Hossain , Paudel Kiran , Gautam Kamal , Khati Antoine , Wickersham Jeffrey , Dhakal Manisha , Ha Toan , Shrestha Roman
Published: October 2024

Background Transactional sex, which involves the exchange of sex for money, goods or other items of value, has been associated with adverse health outcomes, such as HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, mental health challenges, and substance use. Although transactional sex has been extensively studied globally among cisgender and transgender women, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding its prevalence and correlates among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), particularly in Nepal. Thus, this study aimed to examine the prevalence of transactional sex and its associated factors among GBMSM in Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among GBMSM in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, between October and December 2022 (N = 250). We collected information on participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, sexual and other behavioural characteristics, and their engagement in transactional sex. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with transactional sex. Results The average age of participants was 27.5 years (s.d. 8.9). Overall, 16.4% reported engaging in transactional sex within the past 6 months. Participants with more financial dependants (aOR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0–1.5) and those who had experienced police detention (aOR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.1–19.6) were more likely to engage in transactional sex. In contrast, GBMSM who reported engaging in condomless sex were less likely to engage in transactional sex (aOR: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.06–0.1). Conclusions The study findings underscore a noteworthy prevalence of transactional sex and associated socioeconomic and behavioural factors among GBMSM in Nepal. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing both economic vulnerabilities and legal interactions to reduce transactional sex and its associated risks in this high-risk group.