bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atrophy of the Multifidus Muscle in Patients With Lumbar Disk Herniation: Histochemical and Electromyographic Study
Authors: Yoshihara Kiyoshi , Nakayama Yoshihito , Fujii Nobuhito , Aoki Takafumi , Ito Hiromoto
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A histochemical and electromyographic study of the lumbar multifidus muscle in 17 patients with L4-L5 lumbar disk herniation was performed. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded preoperatively with a needle electrode according to Haig's method. Biopsy specimens were obtained intraoperatively from the L5 band of the multifidus muscle on the affected and unaffected sides. Patients with lumbar disk herniation showed atrophy of type 1 and type 2 fibers with structural changes in the multifidus muscle at the involved level. Furthermore, patients with abnormal EMG results had severe muscle atrophy compared with patients with normal EMG results.
Restoration of Large Bone Defects Using a Hard-Setting, Injectable Putty Containing Demineralized Bone Particles Compared to Cancellous Autograft Bone
Authors: Turner Thomas M , Urban Robert M , Hall Deborah J , Cheema N , Lim T-H
Published: April 2021

Abstract

An injectable, hard-setting, calcium sulfate-based putty containing demineralized bone matrix particles (AlloMatrix II, Wright Medical Technology, Inc, Arlington, Tenn) was compared to autogenous cancellous bone graft to evaluate healing in a canine model. Area fraction of new bone, modulus of elasticity, and compressive strength of new bone were evaluated, as was radiographic and histologic healing. Bilateral defects were created in the proximal humeri, and each defect was implanted with either the putty or autogenous bone according to a randomized schedule. Dogs were euthanized at 6, 13, and 26 weeks. The area fraction, modulus of elasticity, and compressive strength of newly formed bone was not significantly different between the putty and autogenous bone at 6, 13, or 26 weeks. The putty had excellent handling characteristics, was biocompatible, and was as effective as autograft bone in achieving near complete bony restoration of a large, critical-sized defect.
Resorption Evaluation of a Large Bolus of Calcium Sulfate in a Canine Medullary Defect
Authors: Turner Thomas M , Urban Robert M , Gitelis Steven , Haggard Warren O , Richelsoph Kelly
Published: April 2021

Abstract

New bone formation and resorption of a calcium sulfate bone graft substitute implanted in five canines were evaluated in this study. Healing was assessed radiographically at 2, 6, and 13 weeks. At 13 weeks, the dogs were sacrificed, and the humeri were retrieved. High-resolution contact radiographs of the isolated humeri were obtained and the bones were sectioned for histology. Radiographically, the calcium sulfate appeared to be completely resorbed and replaced by bone at 13 weeks. Histological findings suggest that a residual amount of calcium sulfate remained, which may continue to act as an osteoconductive scaffolding. No adverse inflammatory response was observed.
Proximal/Distal Mismatch: Type A and C Femurs
Authors: Christie Michael , Brinson Martha F
Published: April 2021

abstract

Femoral deformity in primary total hip arthroplasty can make restoration of joint biomechanics difficult. The S-ROM (DePuy Orthopaedics Inc., Warsaw, lnd) prosthesis' modular design allows for independent matching of diaphyseal and metaphyseal anatomy. Corrective osteotomy may also be performed because the stem achieves both proximal and distal stability, which resists the micromotion and torsional loads that would otherwise prevent ingrowth. Seventy-three hips were reviewed at a minimum of 10 years' follow-up. Osteolysis was common, occurring in 55% of hips, but no osteolysis distal to thé stem/sleeve junction was present. At mean 12 years' follow-up, the stem remains stable and no failures of the modular junction have been reported.
New Tension Band Material for Fixation of Transverse Olecranon Fractures: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Lalonde James Allen , Rabalais R David , Mansour Alfred , Burger Evalina L , Riemer Barry L , Lu Yun , Baratta Richard V
Published: April 2021

abstract

This study tested the use of braided polyethylene cable as an option for repairing transverse olecranon fractures. Six cadaveric elbows underwent a transverse olecranon osteotomy followed by fixation with tension band constructs usiag 18-gauge wire and Secure-Strand (US Surgical, North Haven, Conn). Distraction forces up to 450 N were applied to the triceps tendon while measuring fracture displacement with an extensometer. The average maximal fracture gap with the standard AO tension band technique using stainless steel wire was 0.66±0.43 mm, as opposed to 0.68±0.45 mm with braided polyethylene cable. A paired t test indicated no significant difference between the two materials. These results support the feasibility of braided polyethylene cable as an alternative to the standard steel-wire tension band.
Results with Navigated Bicontact Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Lazovic Djordje , Kaib Niels
Published: April 2021

abstract

The position of the cup is crucial for the overall quality of a total hip arthroplasty. A malpositioning of the cup leads to increased risk of dislocation, wear, and revision. The position of the stem influences leg length and may cause impingement and dislocation. These faults may increase with minimally invasive procedures. From November 2001 to June 2005, 1081 consecutive THA patients were evaluated. Cup navigation resulted in a better alignment and additional improvement when the cup and stem were navigated. In stem navigation, a good control of the leg lengthening and a reliable prediction of the safe range of motion could be seen.
Intraoperative Evaluation of the Anatomical Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With the OrthoPilot Navigation System
Authors: Ishibashi Yasuyuki , Tsuda Eiichi , Tazawa Koji , Sato Hideki , Toh Satoshi
Published: April 2021

abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, which reproduces the anteromedial bundle and posterolateral bundle, using a navigation system. In 32 patients, anteroposterior (AP) displacement and rotation of the tibia were measured before reconstruction and after posterolateral bundle fixation, anteromedial bundle fixation, and double-bundle ACL reconstruction (in posterolateral and anteromedial bundles fixation). The posterolateral bundle has an important role in the extension position, whereas the anteromedial bundle restricts AP displacement from extension to flexion. AP displacement after double-bundle ACL reconstruction was significantly improved compared to AP displacement after posterolateral bundle or anteromedial bundle fixation. Although traditional reconstruction for reproducing the anteromedial bundle is reasonable, double-bundle ACL reconstruction is recommended for improved knee stability.
Computer-Assisted Navigation and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Accuracy and Outcomes
Authors: Koh Jason
Published: April 2021

abstract

As many as 175,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are performed annually in the United States at a cost > $1 billion. Estimates of the rate of revision surgery are as high as 10%-20%, potentially resulting in as many as 35,000 revisions a year. In addition, errors that are not obvious at short-term or mid-term follow-up may have significant long-term effects in young patients. Studies have demonstrated that the majority of revisions are related to technical errors, primarily tunnel placement. Computer-aided navigation systems provide enhanced precision in tunnel placement and may reduce the rate of revision surgery. Computer-aided systems can provide valuable data on rotational and translational laxity of the knee.
Clinical Results of Computer-Navigated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions
Authors: Valentin Peter , Hofbauer Marcus , Aldrian Silke
Published: April 2021

abstract

Growing participation in sports activities over recent years has increased the number of anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) injuries. Thus, more surgeons became active in this field, leading to a high incidence of transplant failure. In the past 2 ½ years, 235 patients were treated through navigated ACL reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis tendon (STG) autograft. One hundred patients who returned for the follow-up examinations were evaluated. In all cases without concurring injuries, the clinical outcome was excellent or very good. Postoperative radiological examination showed correct positioning of the EndoButton (Smith and Nephew, Mansfield, Mass.) and the Suture Plate (B. Braun-Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany) in all patients. The subjective and objective stability assessment did not show any significant difference to the uninjured opposite side.
Demographic Characteristics of RN and Generic Students: Implications for Curriculum
Authors: Baj Pamela A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The overwhelming majority of nurses today continue to be prepared at the diploma or associate degree level despite the call of nursing leadership to make the BSN degree the minimum credential for entry into practice. Substantial numbers of registered nurses return to school for a BSN. The purpose of the study was to compare and contrast certain demographic characteristics of RN students with the generic BSN student enrolled in the same program. All junior and senior baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in California colleges and universities which admit RN students to NLN-accredited generic baccalaureate nursing degree programs comprised the study population. There were 3,421 students in the total designated population available for sampling. Of these, 251 actually participated in the study. Findings and implications for Nursing Educators are discussed within the context of the manuscript.
A Validation Study of a Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale
Authors: Crook Joan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

In a study that investigated the predictive validity of a self-directed learning readiness scale (SDLRS), scores received by 63 first year nursing students on this scale were compared to alternate measures of self-directedness. These measures included nominations as self-directed learners by peers and faculty; entry grades from high school; and grades received at the end of the first year nursing program in five subjects. Results showed a significant correlation between SDLRS scores and peer nomination scores and between SDLRS scores and first year final subject grades. While these correlations were statistically significant, they explained only 7% and 8% of the variance thus not reaching an educationally meaningful level. Limitations of the alternate measures as a substitution for a "gold standard" are discussed.
Changing the Locus of Control of Registered Nurse Students With a Futuristic-Oriented Course
Authors: Dufault Marlene A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Locus of Control research has established that college students are becoming more external, and that internality is preferable. If an external locus of control is associated with poor self-esteem, alienation, depression, and "burn out" in nurses as it is with other individuals, then we need to reverse this trend. Lefcourt (1976) tells us that in the future, methods fostering internality will be crucial. Toffler (1980) says that to break out of the rigid mentality of the Second Wave, future-oriented nurses must be self-responsible. Self-responsible, internally controlled practitioners will enable themselves and the nursing profession to grow as they will anticipate and participate in the selection of the knowledge, skills, and characteristics they need to grow. The purpose of this study was to determine if a course which explores the transition into a futuristic-oriented professional nursing role would move registered nurse students in a baccalaureate program toward stronger internality. A basic pretest-intervention-post test experimental design was used and results of an analysis of covariance significantly determined the efficacy of the course in encouraging greater internality, F (3,60) = 49.55, p<.0001.
Theory Derivation: Application to Nursing
Authors: Condon Esther H
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article demonstrates an application of the theory derivation strategy to concepts thought to contribute to the development of the caring perspective within professional nurse role development. A theoretical structure and relational statements are developed to describe and explain the phenomenon and to lay the groundwork for hypothesis testing.
The Effect of Nonspecific Imaging Practice on the Mental Imagery Ability of Nursing Students
Authors: Eaton Sharon L , Evans Susan B
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Mental imagery practice has assisted in the acquisition of psychomotor skills in several fields. Nursing education programs include many psychomotor skills which students need to learn quickly and efficiently. Examining imagery ability might be the first step in improving methods of teaching psychomotor nursing skills.

This study hypothesized that subjects with low imagery who were exposed to non-specific imaging practice could have their imagery ability enhanced through the use of imaging exercises.

A within subjects experimental design was used. Sixty sophomore nursing students were divided into high and low imagers based on scores on the shortened form of the Betts' QMI Vividness of Imagery Scale. Each group received one of two treatments - nonspecific imaging practice sessions or relaxation practice sessions; all subjects were posttested on the Betts'. A one-way analysis of variance with followup planned comparison tests using power analysis showed a highly significant main effect for low imagers.
Pulmonary Nurse Specialists: Preparation for the Advanced Practice Role
Authors: Norton Linda Celentano , Sexton Dorothy L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A survey was done to determine the factors that influence nurses' decisions to prepare as specialists in pulmonary nursing. A questionnaire that included items concerned with biographic variables and perceptions toward pulmonary nursing was distributed on selected adult units of two medical centers and one community hospital in south central Connecticut. Data were collected from 113 medicalsurgical nurses. Subjects were primarily women (96.5%) and in the 20-30 age range (mean = 30, SD = 7.06, median = 27.6). On the average, subjects had been employed for 7.5 years (7.03, median = 5.37). Thirty percent of the sample expressed a desire to work with pulmonary patients. This group had a positive score on the semantic differential (p = 0.0001). Nurses (N = 11) who had worked with a pulmonary clinical specialist rated their impression of caring for pulmonary patients more positively than those who had not (p = 0.044). Although only 13 subjects expressed an interest in preparing as a pulmonary nurse specialist, they had a positive score on the semantic differential (p = 0.0001). Limitations, recommendations for further study, and implications for nursing and nursing education are addressed.
A Clinical Evaluation Tool for Nursing Students Based on the Nursing Process
Authors: Cottrell Barbara H , Cox Beverly H , Kelsey Sandra J , Ritchie Patricia J , Rumph Elizabeth A , Shannahan Mary K
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

An integrated curriculum was implemented in an upper division baccalaureate nursing program which required letter grades for clinical courses. The second semester clinical course involved student evaluation in four different settings. The original evaluation tool lacked both the discrimination needed for letter grades and the competencies common to all the settings. A computerized evaluation tool was developed to identify behaviors which could be evaluated and assigned a letter grade in all four clinical settings, and to provide formative and summative evaluation of performance for students throughout the semester. The tool focuses on the four areas of the nursing process, each of which is weighted according to the conceptual framework of the curriculum and the ability of a student at this level. In each of these four areas, entry level behaviors were identified and then built upon by progression from fundamental skills to more complex and independent behaviors. Students are rated on a criterion-referenced rating scale. A statistician verified that the tool was mathematically sound. Once developed, the tool was placed on computer where both students and faculty evaluate student clinical performance every two to four weeks. Because the tool was placed on computer, students receive immediate feedback, which facilitates formative evaluations. Trends in student performance can be identified easily, and faculty paperwork is decreased. The tool also promotes objectivity in evaluation and student awareness of expected behaviors. Finally, faculty and students have become more familiar and more comfortable with computers.
Nursing Fundamentals Texts: Where's the Ethics?
Authors: Killeen Mary L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A primary source of information on professional ethics for nursing students is the nursing fundamentals text used in the initial courses. This study systematically evaluated nursing fundamentals texts for their coverage of ethically relevant content. Forty-two nursing fundamentals texts published from 1965 to 1985 were evaluated for: 1) inclusion of a professional code of ethics; 2) interpretive statements, discussion and examples; and 3) guidelines for ethical decision making. Forty-five percent of the texts contained no content on ethics, with the remainder varying in their depth of coverage. Analysis revealed a moderate correlation (r = 0.59) between the year of publication and the average number of pages accorded content on ethics in that year. The results reflect a gradual, although irregular, trend toward inclusion of greater amounts of content on ethics. Recommendations were proposed that would facilitate the inclusion of content on ethics into nursing curricula. These included: 1) greater communication between faculty and text publishers regarding the importance of content on ethics, 2) inclusion of ethics as a curricular thread, 3) small-group workshops to increase faculty sensitivity to the need for preparation in ethical decision making, and 4) an elective course in nursing ethics.
Role Modeling: A Method for Teaching Caring in Nursing Education
Authors: Nelms Tommie P , Jones Josephine M , Gray D Patricia
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study focused on the belief of some nurse educators that caring cannot be taught directly and is learned by students from faculty role-modeling and faculty student interactions in clinical, classroom, and other situations. The purpose was to further explore these beliefs to determine if nursing students perceived that they learn caring behaviors through observing role-modeling by faculty, as well as to explore students' perceptions of other means by which they learn about caring.

Since opportunities for faculty to model nurse caring behaviors in the clinical setting are varied and serendipitous, a videotaped scenario simulating a patient care situation, using professional actors, was created and shown to nursing students. The videotape was seen by 137 BSN and ADN students who then recorded their perceptions on a two-page open-ended questionnaire developed by the researchers. Results from this study indicated that students do learn about caring from faculty role-modeling, as well as from health care staff they encounter, often in a very paradoxical way. Many interesting and unintended results also occurred through the use of this research approach.
A Comparison of Preceptor and Educator Valuing of Nursing Student Clinical Performance Criteria
Authors: Ferguson Linda M , Calder Barbara L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This comparative study investigated similarities and differences between nurse preceptors and nurse educators in their valuing of selected clinical competence criteria in evaluation of the clinical performance of baccalaureate nursing students. An assumption basic to the study was that if performance criteria were valued differently, student evaluations could differ. Analysis by multiple t tests and discriminant analysis demonstrated that preceptors and educators are more similar than different in their valuing of the selected performance criteria. Significant differences were demonstrated on individual items relating to application of theory to practice and nursing care planning. Although setting of nursing practice was a significant factor in the valuing, experience and educational preparation of the preceptors were not.
Development and Study of an Instrument to Measure Role Strain
Authors: Lengacher Cecile A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the Lengacher Role Strain Inventory (LRSI) is to assess the characteristic of role strain in female nursing students who have multiple roles (being in school, having a family, and being employed). The LRSI consists of a 100-item Likert-type scale instrument. It was administered to 327 students (a pilot and five groups) in three different colleges. Reliability and internal consistency were determined with alpha coefficients. Coefficients of .93, .94, and .95 were obtained for female nursing students and .95 and .87 were obtained for the nonnursing community college student groups. Evidence of construct validity of the LRSI may be seen in comparing the mean scores of female nursing students and male and female nonnursing students using a contrasted-groups approach. Tests of significance between the nursing student groups and the nonnursing students resulted in significant differences of p<.05, p<.01, p<.0001, and p<.0000.
Anatomy and Physiology as a Predictor of Success in Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Griffiths Margaret J , Bevil Catherine A , O'Connor Priscilla C , Wieland Diane M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this two-part study was to identify early indicators of students' success (N= 98) in a baccalaureate nursing program. Part I determined how well six variables predicted competence on a criterion-referenced anatomy and physiology (A/P) examination. A multiple regression model was used to analyze the relationships among the predictor and the criterion variables. Data analyses show that only two predictors, grade point average and type of college in which the A/P course was taken, were significantly related (p = 0.0001) to A/P test scores. Part II used students' A/P score to predict success in the didactic component of clinical nursing coursework. In part II, a simple regression model was used to predict the relationship between A/P test score and success in the second clinical nursing course. These resultsindicated that A/P test score was significantly related (?? 0.003) to success in the second clinical nursing course.
An Analysis of the Impact of Participation in an International Study Program on the Cognitive Development of Senior Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Zorn CeCelia R , Ponick David A , Peck Susan D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

As we move into a global society, increasing attention is being given to international and transcultural learning in higher education. The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of participation in a 3-month international study program on the cognitive development of senior baccalaureate nursing students. Using Perry's theory of adult cognitive development as a conceptual basis and a quasi-experimental cohort design, data were collected from eight students participating in a semester abroad program in England and 20 randomly selected students not participating in the program, using the Measurement of Epistemological Reflection. The students participating in the program demonstrated significantly more cognitive growth (p= .044) and were 3.125 times as likely to advance in the Perry positions. Within a shrinking educational economy, these findings provide support for the establishment or revision of international study.
Bridge to the Future: Nontraditional Clinical Settings, Concepts and Issues
Authors: Faller Helen Stewart , Dowel Marsha A , Jackson M Adrienne
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Healthcare restructuring in the wake of healthcare reform places greater emphasis on primary healthcare. Clinical education in acute care settings and existing community health agencies are not compatible with teaching basic concepts, principles and skills fundamental to nursing. Problems of clients in acute care settings are too complex and clients in the community are often too dispersed for necessary faculty support and supervision of beginning nursing students. Nontraditional learning settings offer the baccalaureate student the opportunity to practice fundamental skills of care and address professional skills of negotiation, assertiveness, organization, collaboration and leadership. An overview of faculty designed clinical learning experiences in nontraditional sites such as McDonald's restaurants, inner city churches, YWCA's, the campus community and homes are presented. The legal, ethical and academic issues associated with nontraditional learning settings are discussed in relation to individual empowerment, decision making and evaluation. Implications for the future address the role of the students and faculty as they interact with the community in which they live and practice.
Intensive Immersion of Nursing Students in Rural Interdisciplinary Care
Authors: Erkel Elizabeth A , Nivens Anita S , Kennedy D Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The goal of the Rural Interdisciplinary Practicum is to develop culturally sensitive health professionals who can function within an interdisciplinary team to deliver care in rural settings. Nursing and other health professions students enroll in a 4-semesterhour elective which is offered in an intensive 5-week, 5 days per week block in the summer. Working closely with preceptors and faculty, students are immersed in a rural community. They gain expertise in their own specialties, collaborate in an interdisciplinary team approach to community-based care, and gain experience with culturally and geographically diverse groups. By actually living and practicing in a rural community, students learn that rural healthcare presents unique challenges as well as opportunities for a positive, high quality lifestyle, both personally and professionally. Findings to date indicate that the practicum positively influences students' attitudes toward rural, interdisciplinary practice.
Faculty Mentoring and Administrative Support in Schools of Nursing
Authors: Kavoosi Mary C , Elman Nancy S , Mauch James E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the relationship between senior nursing faculty mentoring activities and support for faculty mentoring provided by nursing program administrators. Eighty nurse administrators and 389 senior nursing faculty from NLN-accredited MSN programs completed questionnaires. Twenty-five percent of the faculty sample reported that they did not mentor junior faculty in their present work setting, while 75% reported being engaged in mentoring activities which focused on career and personal development. Mentoring activities reported by senior nursing faculty were not significantly related to the three levels of administrative support: (1) formal support, (2) conceptual support, and (3) no support. The majority of institutions expressed support for the concept of mentoring and nurse administrators used informal mechanisms to support faculty mentoring. Significant differences were found between the three different levels of support and two supportive activities used by nurse administrators to facilitate mentoring relationships: (1) to arrange gatherings, and (2) to provide funding for joint projects.
Critical Thinking: Prevailing Practice in Baccalaureate Schools of Nursing
Authors: Videbeck Sheila L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study describes the prevailing practice of NLNaccredited baccalaureate nursing programs with respect to the NLN-required outcome criterion of critical thinking. Currently accredited 4-year baccalaureate nursing programs scheduled for an accreditation site visit in the 1992 to 1993 and 1993 to 1994 academic years were invited to participate by providing a copy of the self-study report pages relevant to NLN Required Outcome Criterion 1: Critical Thinking. Of the 124 programs in the population, 55 used the newly approved accreditation criteria and provided the requested materials. This article describes the prevailing practices regarding the definition and evaluation/measurement of critical thinking.
Nursing Education: Focus on Flexibility
Authors: Clark Mary Jo
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Curricular change requires input from both service and education. However, it is sometimes difficult to obtain a complete picture of nursing practice from the clinical arena. The curriculum committee of the University of San Diego Philip Y. Hahn School of Nursing conducted a study with focus groups comprised of nurses from several different areas of practice to obtain information for curriculum changes. Both the focus group process and its outcomes are reported here. Flexibility was the key theme that emerged from all of the focus group sessions. Other themes were categorized in terms of issues addressed and included professional issues, health care systems issues, nursing education issues, and advanced practice issues. The focus group strategy proved to be an effective means of gaining the broad spectrum of insights needed for curriculum revision.
The Impact of an HIV/AIDS Training Course for Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Carney Jamie S , Werth James L , Martin Jane S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the impact of a specialized course to train baccalaureate nursing students to work with individuals with HIV disease. The overall goals of the course were to increase general and specific knowledge while improving beliefs regarding individuals with HIV disease. The course outline included components to increase knowledge in the areas of epidemiology, medical considerations, treatment, ethical and legal issues, and psychosocial issues. Pretests and posttesta were given to participants and to a comparison group which had not received educational training. Results indicated the training significantly increased HTWAIDS knowledge, and participants reported more positive beliefs about individuals with HIV disease.
Concept Maps: A Strategy to Teach and Evaluate Critical Thinking
Authors: Daley Barbara J , Shaw Christine A , Balistrieri Toni , Glasenapp Kate , Piacentine Linda
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to describe a study that implemented concept maps as a methodology to teach and evaluate critical thinking. Students in six senior clinical groups were taught to use concept maps. Students created three concept maps over the course of the semester. Date analysis demonstrated a group mean score of 40.38 on the first concept map and 135.55 on the final concept map, for a difference of 98.16. The paired t value comparing the first concept map to the final concept map was -5.69. The date indicated a statistically significant difference between the first and final maps. This difference is indicative of the students' increase in conceptual and critical thinking.
Evaluation of Graduates of an Associate Degree Nursing Program
Authors: Failla Salva , Maher Mary Ann , Duffy Charles A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Approximately 58% of the RN nursing programs in the United States are associate degree programe (ADN). The curricula of these programs are designed to prepare graduates to competently provide direct patient care. The purpose of this descriptive comparative study -was to evaluate the nursing performance of ADN graduates as perceived by graduates, faculty, and employers. In the first phase of the study, graduates and faculty completed the Six-Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance (6DSNP) at the time of graduation. Six months later, the graduates again were asked to complete the same questionnaire along with their employers. Findings indicated a significant difference in the planning and evaluation performance of graduates at graduation and 6 months later as perceived by the graduates. Graduates rated themselves significantly higher in all areas of performance when compared to faculty and employers. There was no significant difference in the perception of graduate performance between faculty and employers. This outcome assessment provides needed data on perceptions of ADN programs.
Critical Thinking: Perceptions of Newly Graduated Female Baccalaureate Nurses
Authors: Duchscher Judy E Boychuk
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Nursing education strives to develop critical thinking through emphasis on process, inquiry, and reasoning. Although North American nursing education programe have recommended integrating the critical thinking construct into the conceptual framework that supports undergraduate nursing programs, critical thinking is still ambiguously and inconsistently applied within the profession. The research described in this article explored the development of thinking in five newly graduated baccalaureate RNs by accompanying them on the conceptual, theoretical, and practical evolutionary journey of their first 6 months in nursing practice and explicating their knowledge development over time, offering insights into the role of undergraduate education in teaching, and fostering critical thinking as an approach to nursing practice.
Ensuring Cultural Diversity Among California Nurses
Authors: Martin-Holland Judy , Bello-Jones Teresa , Shuman Ann , Rutledge Dana N , Sechrist Karen R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The California Strategic Planning Committee for Nursing cultural diversity work group surveyed deans and directors from RN prelicensure and vocational nurse education programs in California in 1998. With a 49% response rate, key survey findings were that 48% of programs were actively recruiting ethnically diverse students using a variety of strategies; various approaches were being used to retain students; barriers to student success were primarily financial and educational; and most programs included curricular content and programming designed to ensure culturally competent and sensitive graduates.
An Experimental Study of Students' Self-Learning of the San-Yin-Jiao Pressure Procedure Using CD-ROM or Printed Materials
Authors: Kim Jeongeun , Chang Soonbok , Lee Sunkyung , Jun Eunyoung , Kim Younglan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A CD-ROM and printed material on San-Yin-Jiao pressure to lessen labor pain for women were developed as formal didactic instruction using the same content. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to compare self-learning outcomes using the software and the printed materials. Eighty third-year student nurses were randomly allocated to either the CD-ROM group or printed material group. A test was administered after 1 week of study time. A p value of < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results showed no significant differences between the two groups in self-learning measures. Text-based learning seems to be a convenient educational method because it can be used at any time in any place. However, with more time and faculties available, CD-ROMs may be as effective as traditional learning methods and can be an alternative tool.
Institutional Issues in the Implementation of an International Student Exchange Program
Authors: Duffy Mary E , Farmer Suzette , Ravert Patricia , Huittinen Liisa
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This article discusses institutional issues related to the development and implementation of an undergraduate student exchange program in nursing. A consortium of four universities in the United States and six nursing schools in three European countries developed an exchange program to teach a common community health module. Thirty-one students from the United States and 30 students from Europe participated in this program, which was funded by the U.S. Department of Education and the European Union. The project commenced with a 3-week meeting of faculty and students to design the 8week exchange program and cultural preparation module. This article describes institutional issues related to the project. Academic issues, nonacademic issues, and exchange procedures are presented. The extended meeting of faculty and students that occurred early in the funding period was critical to this program's success.
Microphthalmos With Cyst: Clinical Presentations and Computed Tomographic Findings
Authors: Weiss Avery , Martinez Carlos , Greenwald Mark
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Four patients with microphthalmos with cyst were examined and evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Each patient had a different clinical presentation, which varied according to the appearance of the anterior segment and the size and location of the orbital cyst. All had very poor vision in the involved eye. CT was of great value in the diagnosis and definition of this condition. The differentiation of microphthalmos with cyst from coloboma and from other orbital masses by means of CT is discussed.
Nutritional Nystagmus in Infants
Authors: Zak Thaddeus A , D'Ambrosio Francis A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Two infants presented with acquired infantile nystagmus. On examination, they manifested peculiar facies, growth and developmental delay, failure to thrive, and a Wernicke's type of nystagmus. Suspicion of a ? vitamin deficiency resulted in correct diagnosis of dietary deficiency and/or enzymatic defect. In both instances, dietary treatment with B vitamins resulted in resolution of the nystagmus and improved growth and development of both individuals. Physicians, especially pediatricians and ophthalmologists, should be alert to the possibility of a Wernicke's type nystagmus in such infants, since the diagnosis may be critical to accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Combined Congenital Glaucoma, Pigmentary Glaucoma, and High Myopia in an Infant
Authors: Weinberger D , Wissenkorn I , Snir M , Cohen S , Ben-Sira I
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A case of congenital glaucoma combined with pigmentary glaucoma and high myopia in a three-month-old infant is described.

The pathophysiology, medical treatment, and review of the literature is discussed.
Ophthalmoscopic Findings in Occult Child Abuse
Authors: Giangiacomo Joseph , Barkett Kenneth J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Two previously healthy infants initially presented with vomiting and lethargy. There was a history of whiplash shaken infant syndrome in one infant, but neither child had external or skeletal survey evidence of abuse. However, ophthalmoscopy revealed bilateral retinal hemorrhages, papilledema and vitreous hemorrhage. Subdural aspirations revealed occult hematomas. Both children required ventricular peritoneal shunts to control intracranial pressure. Ophthalmologists, pediatricians, and primary physicians should be aware of the possibility of child abuse in the differential of diagnosis of Terson's syndrome, especially in infants since this may be the only physical finding.
Practical Management of Amblyopia
Authors: Ching Florencio C , Parks Marshall M , Friendly David S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

One hundred sixteen strabismus patients with amblyopia treated with initial full-time or part-time conventional occlusion of the preferred eye followed when necessary with maintenance occlusion up to a maximum of nine years were studied. Based on the need for maintenance occlusion, patients were divided into a primary occlusion group, composed of patients who did not require maintenance occlusion and a maintenance group occlusion group, composed of patients who did require maintenance occlusion. The main difference between the two groups of patients was the degree of amblyopia at the onset of occlusion therapy, being significantly greater in the maintenance occlusion group. The maintenance occlusion group showed a significantly higher incidence of visual acuity regression when evaluated at ages 12 and 13 years.

Occlusion therapy administered to strabismus patients in the manner described in this study resulted in significant visual improvement with a regression in visual acuity of no more than an average of one line on the Snellen chart.
Prosthetic Treatment of Severe Microphthalmos in Infancy
Authors: Price Elaine , Simon John W , Calhoun Joseph H
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Four infants with blind, severely microphthalmia eyes have been treated with cosmetic scleral shells. Through periodic refitting, this method has permitted the development of symmetrical ocular appearance without the need for surgery. We recommend that this treatment be initiated in early infancy in appropriate patients.
Ligneous Conjunctivitis: An Autosomal Recessive Disorder
Authors: Bateman J Bronwyn , Pettit Thomas H , Isenberg Sherwin J , Simons Kenneth B
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Two siblings, a boy and a girl, developed a chronic, bilateral conjunctivitis with large recurrent pseudomembranes. The diagnosis of ligneous conjunctivitis was made by excisional biopsies in both. The family was referred for genetic counseling after the second child developed the disorder. On the basis of this family and previous reports, we believe that ligneous conjunctivitis is a genetic disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and that genetic counseling should be offered to the parents of affected children.
Masked Bilateral Superior Oblique Palsy: Clinical Features and Diagnosis
Authors: Kraft Stephen P , Scott William E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Ninety-two patients treated surgically between 1972 and 1983 were diagnosed initially as having a unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP). On follow-up, eight (8.7%) developed findings of an SOP of the other eye. Such patients have "masked bilateral" superior oblique palsy. All eight patients had unilateral inferior oblique weakening with or without contralateral inferior rectus recession as the initial surgery. The "unmasking" of the contralateral palsy manifested in seven cases by an overaction of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle and appeared an average of 9.8 weeks (range five days to 11 months) after the first surgery. Their preoperative mean V-shift (7.6 diopters), mean excyclotorsion (5.7 degrees), and mean difference of hyperdeviation on right versus left tilt (19.6 diopters) were not significantly different from the respective values for patients with unilateral SOP (5.0 diopters, 4.3 degrees, 19.0 diopters).
Management of Superior Oblique Palsy After Surgery for True Brown's Syndrome
Authors: Eustis H Sprague , O'Reilly Carole , Crawford John S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Thirty patients requiring surgery for true Brown's syndrome were examined postoperatively. Follow-up ranged from three months to 20 years. Eight-five percent of patients demonstrated some degree of superior oblique palsy, with 54% having a decompensated condition and 30% requiring a second surgical procedure. Patients with marked preoperative restriction appear to be at increased risk for developing a decompensated superior oblique palsy postoperatively. Solutions to this problem are suggested: 1) perform tenotomy at insertion and preserve the adjacent intermuscular septum so a less crippling effect is seen; 2) combine tenotomy with inferior oblique weakening initially in those patients with marked preoperative restriction.
Visual Acuity Development in Normal and Abnormal Preterm Human Infants
Authors: Norcia Anthony M , PhD Christopher W Tyler , Piecuch Robert , Clyman Ronald , Grobstein Joan
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The grating acuity of preterm infants was determined by measurements of the visual evoked potential (VEP) produced by phase alternation of sinusoidal luminance gratings. The development of visual acuity in healthy preterm infants appears to be accelerated when compared with full term infants of the same post-conceptual age. Cortical insults and the more advanced stages of retinopathy of prematurity may adversely affect acuity development as indexed by the VEP. Preterm twins also appear to have lower acuity than preterm monoparous infants.
Congenital Retinoblastoma: A Case Report
Authors: Plotsky David , Quinn Graham , Eagle Ralph , Shields Jerry , Granowetter Linda
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Retinoblastoma is usually diagnosed during the first three years of life, with an average age of diagnosis of 18 months. It is almost never found at birth except when there is a positive family history which prompts an early fundus examination. We report a case of unilateral nonfamilial retinoblastoma which was so advanced at birth that it had already produced a perforated globe. Despite enucleation, radiation, and chemotherapy, massive orbital recurrence developed which necessitated a modified orbital exenteration. In spite of this aggressive therapy the child died of metastatic retinoblastoma at age eight months.
Reoperations for Esotropia
Authors: King Robert A , Calhoun Joseph H , Nelson Leonard B
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The results of bilateral medial rectus rerecession and bilateral lateral rectus resection for patients with under-corrected or recurrent esotropia after medial rectus recession are compared. Medial rectus rerecession resulted in a high rate of consecutive exotropia. Lateral rectus resection was more accurate but was often accompanied by undercorrection. Minimal millimeter amounts of rerecession yielded large diopter results. Except in cases where medial restrictive factors or obvious errors in magnitude of the original surgery are noted, we feel that bilateral lateral rectus resection is the surgery of choice in patients with recurrent or undercorrected esotropia following medial rectus recession.
Synergistic Divergence and Jaw-Winking Phenomenon
Authors: Hamed Latif M , Dennehy Patrick J , Lingua Robert W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Synergistic divergence is a congenital syndrome of monocular adduction deficit, with simultaneous abduction of both eyes on attempted gaze into the field of action of the paretic medial rectus muscle. Based on electromyographic data, it has been speculated that it is a neural miswiring disorder related to Duane's retraction syndrome. The association between Duane's retraction syndrome and the Marcus Gunn jaw-winking phenomenon, another neural miswiring disorder, has been previously reported. The authors describe a patient with both bilateral synergistic divergence and Marcus Gunn jawwinking phenomenon.
Traction Testing in Superior Oblique Palsy
Authors: Plager David A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This report describes the use of superior oblique traction testing in the evaluation of superior oblique palsy. Four consecutive children presenting with signs and symptoms of superior oblique palsy were found to have markedly abnormal tendon laxity with traction testing. Surgical exploration revealed anomalies including three with elongated lax tendons, one of which had an anomalous insertion, and one absent tendon. This tendon laxity is not typically found in acquired superior oblique palsy. It is proposed that, in addition to the well known neurogenic paresis/paralysis, a second type of "palsy" due to anatomic abnormalities of the tendon may exist and be responsible for a number of congenital superior oblique palsies. The mechanical disadvantage of these markedly long tendons may explain why inferior oblique weakening procedures alone frequently fail to correct head tilts due to superior oblique palsy in infancy.
True Transposition Procedures
Authors: Diamond Gary R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Three patients with large-angle strabismus and irreversible amblyopia in a previously-operated eye underwent a true transposition procedure in which a segment of resected extraocular muscle was used to lengthen its antagonist. Postoperative results were satisfactory and stable during follow-up of 9 to 14 months. Four prism diopters of deviation were corrected per millimeter of "alteration" (mm resection plus mm lengthening plus mm recession minus mm advancement).

True transposition procedures can permit surgeons to capture large strabismus deviations with two-muscle surgery on one eye, appear safe and predictable, and offer an option in those patients who refuse adjustable suture techniques.