bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF BIOPRODUCTIVITY FORMATION IN PETER THE GREAT BAY (JAPAN/EAST SEA)
Authors: Plotnikov Vladimir , Plotnikov Vladimir , Dubina Vyacheslav , Dubina Vyacheslav
Published: June 2018

On the basis of the object habitat analysis, on the created data archives of the hydrometeorological and hydrochemical limiting external environment parameters, by means of the reliability theory methodology and the probabilistic analysis, as well as the multidimensional statistics, the algorithm of the ecological substantiation of bio-productivity formation is formulated. On the basis of the above the algorithm of the spatial areas of Gracilaria verrucosa possible cultivation in Peter the Great Bay is estimated.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF POLAR LOWS OVER THE BARENTS SEA: IMPACT OF WRF PARAMETRIZATIONS ON THE QUALITY OF FORECAST.
Authors: Polezhayeva Antonina , Polezhayeva Antonina
Published: June 2018

Polar lows are generally characterized by severe weather in the form of strong winds, showers and occasionally heavy snow, which have sometimes resulted in the loss of life, especially at sea. Numerical simulations with mesoscale atmospheric models is a good alternative to investigate polar low phenomenon, because they produce temporally and spatially regular-spaced fields of atmospheric variables with high resolution. To describe the evolution of atmospheric processes the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model was used. The principal objectives of this study were 1) the understanding of mesoscale WRF model and adapting the model for the Barents Sea region; 2) to conduct numerical experiments using WRF model with different Planetary Boundary Layer parameterization (PBLs) schemes and investigate the impact of each scheme on the quality of forecast; and 3) the investigation of the capability of WRF model to successfully simulate evolution of polar lows. The impact on the quality of forecast was investigated. The results of the study, obtained by numerical modeling of polar mesoscale low over the Barents Sea. One polar low, near Spitsbergen, from 24 of March to 26 of March 2014 were targeted. The results of numerical experiments showed that each of Planetary Boundary Layer parameterization scheme isn't successful for simulation of polar low.
ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ON CHANGING THE PARAMETERS OF THE BIOLUMINESCENCE FIELD ON THE CRIMEAN BLACK SEA SHELF
Authors: Rubtsova Svetlana , Rubtsova Svetlana , Lyamina Natalya , Lyamina Natalya , Lyamin Aleksey , Lyamin Aleksey
Published: June 2018

The concept of a new approach to environmental assessment is offered in the system of integrated management of the resource and environmental safety of the coastal area of the Black Sea. The studies of the season and daily changeability in the bioluminescence field in the Sevastopol coastal waters has been conducted. For the first time considerable differences in the bioluminescence field seasonal changes in the surface and deep water layers and the reasons conditioning this phenomenon have been shown, using a method of multidimensional statistical analysis. The bioluminescence field vertical profile change in the Black sea coastal waters in the autumn period at night has been studied. It has been shown that according to the character of bioluminescence parameters dynamics a water column can be divided into layers: upper (0 – 35 m) and deep water (36 – 60 m). It has been revealed that life rhythms of the plankton community are the main reason for the bioluminescence field intensity variability. It has been revealed that 14-hour periodicity of the bioluminescence field is related to the changes in light and its variations with 2,5…4,5 hours are conditioned by planktonts endogenous daily rhythms. And here biotic factors effect mostly periodicity of the bioluminescence field intensity increase and fall down at the dark time of the day. Abiotic factors are of less importance in circadian rhythmic of the bioluminescence field in the neritic zone.
EVALUATION OF MOUNTAIN AREA AS NON-POINT SOURCE OF NITROGEN FOR SETO INLAND SEA: THE NORTHERN SHIKOKU REGION, JAPAN
Authors: Morisawa Shohei , Morisawa Shohei , Komai Yukio , Komai Yukio , Kunimatsu Takao , Kunimatsu Takao
Published: June 2018

The northern Shikoku region is located in the Western part of Japan and faces towards the Seto Inland Sea. The forest area, which is one of the non-point sources in the Seto Inland Sea watershed, occupies 75% of the land use in the watershed of the northern Shikoku region. The amount of loadings of nutrients and COD in the Seto Inland Sea has been estimated by the unit load method but actually the data has not been investigated. It is however, necessary to know the real concentration of nitrogen in mountain streams to evaluate the role which is the mountain area plays as non-point sources. Therefore, more water samples of mountain streams in the watershed need to be taken and the concentrations of nitrogen analyzed. The mountain streams in the northern Shikoku area were investigated from April, 2015 to November, 2015. The number of sampling sites was 283, in addition to the past data by Kunimatsu et al. The average concentration of nitrate nitrogen in Ehime, Kagawa, and Tokushima was 0.61mg/L, 0.78mg/L and 0.34mg/L, respectively. The environmental standard range for nitrogen in the Seto Inland Sea is from between less than 0.2mg/L and less than 1mg/L. Therefore, the average concentration of nitrogen in these regions was over category II, and those of mountain streams in Kagawa Prefecture exceeded category III. About 20% of mountain streams were more than 1mg/L. It has become clear that mountain areas occupy an important position as non-point sources for the Seto Inland Sea.
NUTRIENT DECREASE IN THE SETO INLAND SEA, JAPAN, AND THE RESPONSE OF THE PHYTOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGE TO THE DECREASE
Authors: Tada Kuninao , Tada Kuninao , Ichimi Kazuhiko , Ichimi Kazuhiko , Kayama Miho , Kayama Miho , Ikemoto Ayaka , Ikemoto Ayaka , Nishikawa Tetsuya , Nishikawa Tetsuya , Yamaguchi Hitomi , Yamaguchi Hitomi , Honjo Tsuneo , Honjo Tsuneo
Published: June 2018

The nutrient decrease in the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea and its influence on the lower trophic levels of the coastal ecosystem are discussed based on the information obtained during our previous study. During the high economic growth from the 1960s onwards, the Seto Inland Sea became heavily eutrophicated. Since the enactment of the Law for Conservation of the Environment of the Seto Inland Sea in 1973, nutrient concentrations gradually decreased after 1970 and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration in particular decreased after 1990. One fundamental explanation for the gradual decrease of DIN concentration from 1970 to the present is the enactment of the above law by the Environmental Agency. However, the reason for the recent decrease of DIN concentrations is still unknown. It was thought that the decrease of the upward nutrient flux across the overlying water-sediment interface greatly affected the water column nutrient concentrations. The response of phytoplankton assemblages to the decrease of nutrient concentrations seemed to be no apparent decrease of biomass but a change of species group and species composition.
AGGREGATION IMPACT ON THE FILTRATION AND GROWTH RATES OF MUSSELS MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS LAM.
Authors: Vasechkina Elena , Vasechkina Elena , Kazankova Irina , Kazankova Irina
Published: June 2018

This study presents the results of field and laboratory-based experiments performed to determine the mussel density effect on an individual mollusk’s growth and clearance rates. We measured the weight and length growth rates of single and aggregated mussels exposed into the sea for three monthly periods in summer and autumn 2015. The sample group contained 140 mollusks from natural populations within the length range of 15-20 mm. The average growth rate of aggregated mussels was almost the same as the growth rate of single ones. Clearance rate of single and aggregated mussels was measured in the laboratory using indirect method. There were selected 5 groups of mussels within the length ranges: 12-16 mm, 17-18 mm, 18-25 mm, 22-23 mm, and 35-38 mm. The clearance rate was measured for each mussel from the group and then for the whole group aggregated in a clump. Water temperature and seston concentration were the same for single and clumped mollusks. The volume of water in chambers was proportional to the weight of mussels put in water. The ratio of aggregated and single mussels’ clearance rates varied from 0.48 to 0.85 at the same density of aggregation and without regard to the animal size. Significant individual variability was recorded in all field and laboratory-based experiments.
SHORT-TERM VARIABILITY OF COASTAL ZONE HYDRODYNAMICS UNDER AN EXTERNAL FORCING: OBSERVATIONS AT THE BLACK SEA RESEARCH SITE OF SIO RAS
Authors: Zatsepin Andrey , Zatsepin Andrey , Kuklev Sergey , Kuklev Sergey , Ostrovskii Alexander , Ostrovskii Alexander , Piotoukh Vladimir , Piotoukh Vladimir , Podymov Oleg , Podymov Oleg , Silvestrova Ksenia , Silvestrova Ksenia , Soloviev Dmitry , Soloviev Dmitry , Stanichny Sergey , Stanichny Sergey
Published: June 2018

Since 2010, the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS (SIO RAS) in Gelendzhik maintains the research (observational) site for year round multi-disciplinary studies and monitoring of the marine environment in the coastal zone. Analysis of the data obtained at the observational site revealed the existence of well pronounced short-term variability of coastal zone hydrodynamics at time scales from 1-3 days to 1-2 weeks. The paper examines the role of external forcing (including the impact of adjoined open sea dynamics and wind stress) in the short-term variability of hydrodynamics and upper mixed layer evolution.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BIOGEOCHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT AND SUSPENDED OYSTER FARMING IN SHIZUGAWA BAY, JAPAN
Authors: Zheng Yizhe , Zheng Yizhe , Hayashi Kyohei , Hayashi Kyohei , Matsuno Takumi , Matsuno Takumi , Fujibayashi Megumu , Fujibayashi Megumu , Nomura Munehiro , Nomura Munehiro , Nishimura Osamu , Nishimura Osamu , Sakamaki Takashi , Sakamaki Takashi
Published: June 2018

The impacts of human-induced changes in coastal environments on shellfish farming need to be mitigated. Suspended farming species, such as oysters, greatly impact planktonic communities and benthic environments via filter feeding and bio-deposition. To more effec-tively manage coastal environments and achieve ecologically sustainable shellfish farming, interactions between coastal marine environments and aquaculture activities need to be properly assessed. We examined interactions between coastal biogeochemical environments and suspended oyster farming in Shizugawa Bay of northeastern Japan. We found that particulate organic matter (POM) produced at the oyster farm (e.g., exfoliated periphyton and/or oyster feces) locally increased the concentrations of chlorophyll a and daytime dis-solved oxygen in the bottom layer. Based on the estimated budget of POM at the bay scale, the oyster feeding rate was a couple of orders of magnitude lower than the net primary production and POM inputs at the bay boundaries (e.g., offshore and in rivers). The rela-tively high exposure of the bay and high seawater mixing rate may explain the lack of mac-roscale environmental impacts of oyster cultures at the bay scale. We also found that despite the oligotrophic environment, the oyster growth rate was higher in the bay, compared with previous estimates in other coastal areas. To understand the mechanisms sustaining the production of phytoplankton and oysters, further examinations from the perspective of nu-trient cycling in the bay are required.
CLIMATE CHANGE: HOW DOES THIS INFLUENCE ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH IN THE LAGOON OF THE BALTIC SEA?
Authors: Aleksandrov Sergey , Aleksandrov Sergey , Gorbunova Julia , Gorbunova Julia
Published: June 2018

Lagoons are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to impacts of natural environmental and anthropogenic factors. The Curonian and Vistula Lagoons are one of the largest lagoons of Europe. The Curonian Lagoon is choke mostly freshwater, while the Vistula Lagoon is restricted brackish water. Hydrological, chemical and biological researches were carried out monthly since 1991 to 2014. Reductions of nutrients loading in 1990s did not result in improvement of the ecological situation. Hydrological and chemical parameters are the main factors that influence on the algal blooms and ecosystem health in these lagoons. The Curonian Lagoon may be characterized as hypertrophic water body with "poor" water quality. Climate change in 1990s-2010s combined with other factors (freshwater, slow-flow exchange, high nutrients concentrations) creates conditions for Cyanobacteria “hyperblooms”. Harmful algal blooms result in deterioration of the water chemical parameters and death of fish. "Hyperblooms" is the most dangerous for coastal towns and tourist resorts (UNESCO National Park "Curonian Spit"). Climate change in 1990s-2000s have been also observed in Vistula Lagoons (mean annual temperature increased by 1.4°C for 40 years), but brackish water prevent harmful algal hyperblooms. After the invasion of the filter-feeding mollusk Rangia water quality was significantly improved in 2011-2014, but ecosystem productivity remained at a stable long-term level.
"CLIMATE CHANGE" TO CHANGE THE WORLD, "HUMAN REVOLUTION" TO CHANGE THE FUTURE: THE IMPORTANCE OF GLOBAL CITIZENS BASED ON "HUMAN REVOLUTION"
Authors: Iio Yoshiyuki , Iio Yoshiyuki
Published: June 2018

On March 11, 2011 the largest earthquake to hit Japan occurred. This magnitude 9.0 earthquake triggered a huge tsunami and killed 2,563 people. It led to the nuclear disaster at nuclear power plant in Fukushima. It was classified as a level 7 event - the same as Chernobyl. In our area we also have nuclear power plants and we are expected to have an earthquake which is estimated to be much larger than the one encountered on March of 2011. Through funding of 30 billion Yen we are building a 13m high seawall stretching 17.5km from the Tenryu estuary to Lake Hamana which is an enclosed coastal sea. In cooperation with our citizens we are planting trees on its slopes to help protect the natural landscape and to keep to a minimum any damage from the next tsunami. Risk management at a global scale due to Climate Change is very important concern involving our children's future and happiness. Global-warming prevention education is crucial for the survival of mankind. This is because there is a possibility of falling into a huge crisis that we cannot get out of. I would like to introduce my practical environmental education for the past 25 years at a technical high school and also introduce the ideas of two great Japanese educators, Tsunesaburo Makiguchi and Daisaku Ikeda. Furthermore, I would like to refer to the importance of global citizens through education for global warming prevention which is based on the way of thinking of Dr. Ikeda which is called "Human Revolution".
CLIMATIC ANOMALIES IN FAR EASTERN MARGINAL SEAS, BAIKAL LAKE BASIN AND THEIR LINKAGES
Authors: Shkorba Svetlana , Shkorba Svetlana , Dmitrieva Elena , Dmitrieva Elena , Mashkina Irina , Mashkina Irina , Ponomarev Vladimir , Ponomarev Vladimir
Published: June 2018

Winter climatic anomalies of various time scales in the Japan, Okhotsk seas and Baikal Lake Basin are revealed and compared with anomalies in the Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans. Time series of ice extent in the Japan and Okhotsk seas, ice thickness and seasonal duration of the ice cover in the Baykal Lake, as well as Hadley SST, surface heat fluxes, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure fields (SLP) and different climatic indices are analyzed. The decadal climate anomalies in the Japan and Okhotsk seas in mid winter, as compared to the Northeast Pacific and South Siberia regions, could have a reversed phase. Alternating cold/warm decadal anomalies in different longitude zones of the North Asian Pacific are accompanied by alternating meridional wind and SLP anomalies at temperate latitudes. Alternating zones of inversed anomalies in temperate latitudes of the Asian Pacific are related to teleconnections with anomalies in both Arctic and Indo-Pacific oceans. Negative SSTA in eastern/central tropical-equatorial Pacific and positive SSTA in El Nino area accompanies rise of northern wind and ice extent in the Okhotsk/Japan Seas in mid-winter. The best predictors of the high cold anomaly in February in the western subarctic Pacific and marginal seas are reduction of the SST and net heat flux from the atmosphere to the ocean in north-eastern and central North Pacific during warm period of a previous year. At the multidecadal time scale the warming/cooling in the Northeast Pacific accompany winter warming/cooling in the Baykal Lake area during all period of observation. At interdecadal time scales the significant link of winter climate oscillations in South Siberia (Baikal Lake Basin) is found with SSTA oscillations in the equatorial region of the Indian Ocean and certain areas of the Pacific Ocean. The linkages of anomalies in the Baikal Lake Basin, Okhotsk, Japan Seas with regional anomalies in some key areas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, related to the atmospheric centers of action are more stable than that with climatic indices. After climate regime shift in late 70s warm decadal anomaly in both Lake Baykal Basin and Indian Ocean in boreal winter accompany high positive anomaly of the Arctic Oscillation. Scenarios of extreme anomalies in the Baikal Lake Basin and Subarctic Pacific marginal area are also presented.
A MODELING SYSTEM FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISK ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT AND HEDGING IN COASTAL AREAS
Authors: Soldatenko Sergei , Soldatenko Sergei , Alekseev Genrikh , Alekseev Genrikh , Danilov Alexander , Danilov Alexander
Published: June 2018

Every aspect of human operations faces a wide range of risks, some of which can cause serious consequences. By the start of 21st century, mankind has recognized a new class of risks posed by climate change. It is obvious, that the global climate is changing, and will continue to change, in ways that affect the planning and day to day operations of businesses, government agencies and other organizations and institutions. The manifestations of climate change include but not limited to rising sea levels, increasing temperature, flooding, melting polar sea ice, adverse weather events (e.g. heatwaves, drought, and storms) and a rise in related problems (e.g. health and environmental). Assessing and managing climate risks represent one of the most challenging issues of today and for the future. The purpose of the risk modeling system discussed in this paper is to provide a framework and methodology to quantify risks caused by climate change, to facilitate estimates of the impact of climate change on various spheres of human activities and to compare eventual adaptation and risk mitigation strategies. The system integrates both physical climate system and economic models together with knowledge-based subsystem, which can help support proactive risk management. System structure and its main components are considered. Special attention is paid to climate risk assessment, management and hedging in the Arctic coastal areas.
THE LANDSCAPE INVESTIGATIONS AS NECESSARY PART OF BIOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE COASTAL ZONE TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICAL
Authors: Lapenkov Artem , Lapenkov Artem , Zuyev Yury , Zuyev Yury , Zuyeva Nadezhda , Zuyeva Nadezhda
Published: June 2018

Coastal zones have great diversity of resources. The shallow water zones contain the most of plant and benthic communities. A description of relief and type of ground is needed for the rigorous monitoring of biota and environmental condition of coastal zone. Generally, on the basis of these data the investigation methods of the coastal zone are selected. The shallows research strategy has been developed by us for northern part of the Lake Ladoga. If the coastal areas are characterized by great depth and flat topography, then sonar’s can be used to describe them and samples of ground can be taken by bottom grabs. In the Lake Ladoga these methods don’t operate correctly by reason of the compound bottom relief and the fact that a sizeable part of the bottom is occupied by hard ground. Therefore, our investigations base on the diving transect method of Golikov and Skarlato (1965). A diver moves along transects. He registers the depth, length to coastline, water temperature, relief and ground, edificators and records video. In the laboratory all these data are decoded and used for mapping of bays. Studies of plant communities have been performed and strategy for research of benthic communities in complex relief and hard ground conditions has been developed based on the descriptions of shallow waters. Description of the Malay Nikonovskia Bay bottom has given an opportunity to estimate changes in the bottom of the bay under the influence of the trout farm.
ESTIMATION OF RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL BASED ON THE DYNAMIC PROCESSES, NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS
Authors: Filobok Anatoly , Filobok Anatoly , Volkova Tatiana , Volkova Tatiana , Minenkova Vera , Minenkova Vera , Belikov Michael , Belikov Michael , Voronina Victoria , Voronina Victoria
Published: June 2018

This article is devoted to the estimation of recreational potential based on the dynamic processes, natural and anthropogenic factors of the Azov-Black Sea coast of Krasnodar region as an example. Bioclimatic figures are considered as the dynamic processes and natural factors, the degree of the development of exogenous geological processes. Anthropogenic factors are represented by the multi aspect business activities in the coastal zone.
DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED METHANE IN SURFACE COASTAL WATERS OF THE NORTHEASTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA
Authors: Kovaleva Elena , Kovaleva Elena , Izhitskiy Alexander , Izhitskiy Alexander , Egorov Alexander , Egorov Alexander , Zavialov Peter , Zavialov Peter
Published: June 2018

Studying of methane formation and distribution in natural waters is important for understanding of biogeochemical processes of carbon cycle, searching for oil and gas sections and evaluation of CH4 emissions for investigations of greenhouse effect. The Black Sea is the largest methane water body on our planet. However, relatively low values of methane concentration (closed to equilibrium with the atmospheric air) are typical of the upper aerobic layer. At the same time, the distribution pattern of CH4 in surface waters of coastal areas is complicated by the influence of coastal biological productivity, continental runoff, bottom sources, hydrodynamic processes and anthropogenic effect. The investigation is focused on the spatial variability of dissolved methane in the surface layer of the sea in coastal regions affected by the continental runoff and anthropogenic pressure. Unique in situ data on methane concentrations were collected along the ship track on 2 sections between Sochi and Gelendzhik (2013, 2014) and 2 sections between Gelendzhik and Feodosia (2015). Overall 170 samples were obtained. Gas-chromatographic analysis of the samples revealed increase of CH4 saturation in the southeastern part of the Crimean shelf and the Kerch Strait area. Such a pattern was apparently caused by the influence of the Azov Sea water spread westward along the Crimean shore from the strait. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project 14-50-00095 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project 16-35-00156 mol_a.
POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN EDIBLE FISH FROM BLACK SEA, BULGARIA
Authors: Stancheva Mona , Stancheva Mona , Georgieva Stanislava , Georgieva Stanislava , Peteva Zlatina , Peteva Zlatina , Makedonski Lubomir , Makedonski Lubomir
Published: June 2018

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can still be a problem for the aquatic environment. Fish species are a suitable indicator for the environmental pollution monitoring because they concentrate pollutants in their tissues directly from water. Concentrations of PCBs were measured in marine fish, collected from Bulgarian Black Sea coast in order to monitor the dynamics of these pollutants in 2007, 2010 and 2015. The fish species: goby (Neogobius melanostomus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus sulinus), horse mackerel (Trachurus Mediterraneus ponticus) and grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) were chosen because of their characteristic feeding behavior. The PCBs were determined by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. The Total PCBs ranged from 93.8 to 513.3 ng/g lipid weight (in grey mullet and goby, respectively). Levels of PCBs in goby and grey mullet decreased in 2010 and 2015. In order to assess the safety of fish as food were calculated TEQ. They are determined by the results of dioxin - like (dl) PCBs. TEQs were calculated from 0.01 to 0.04 pg TEQ/g ww and did not exceed the EC limit of 3 pg TEQ/g ww. The levels of PCBs in fish from Bulgarian Black Sea were comparable to those found in neighboring seas.
AVAILABILITY OF NUMERICAL MATHEMATICAL MODELS TO SOLVE THE APPLIED PROBLEMS OF WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF SHELF ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Slepchuk Kira , Slepchuk Kira , Khmara Tatyana , Khmara Tatyana
Published: June 2018

The problems appeared during development and calibration of one-dimensional (vertical resolution) biogeochemical block of water quality model, are discussed. It is extremely useful in the initial stage of shelf ecosystems research because of its simplicity in as implementation as result interpretation. To describe the environmental parameters dynamics we used the Model for Estuarine and Coastal Circulation Assessment, which consists of hydrodynamic model; model of conservative impurity transport; chemical and biological model. The seasonal of biogenic elements and phytoplankton variability in the Sevastopol Bay is studied as an example.
BALTIC AMBER MIGRATIONS AS A MODEL OF MICROPLASTICS BEHAVIOR IN THE SEA COASTAL ZONE
Authors: Chubarenko Irina , Chubarenko Irina , Bagaeva Margarita , Bagaeva Margarita
Published: June 2018

The problem of microplastic pollution is of increasing concern. Behaviour of microplastic particles (0.5 mm < L < 5mm in the largest dimension) in marine environment is difficult to predict, and no field observations are available up to now. Baltic amber (succinite), with its density of about 1.05-1.09 g/cm3, fits the range of densities of slightly negatively buoyant plastics: polyamide, polystyrene, acrylic, etc. Baltic citizens have observed amber migrations for centuries, and the collected information may shed some light onto general features of microplastic particles behaviour. Events of “amber washing-out” at the sea shore of the Sambian peninsula (Kaliningrad oblast, Russia) typically take place in autumn-winter time. Experience of divers indicates that amber is washed out from the depths as deep as 15 m. Massive presence in amber-containing debris of the red algae Furcellaria lumbricalis, dominating in the sea at depths of 6-15 m, proves this fact. From oceanographic viewpoint, important for the “amber washing-out” are: strong and long-lasting storm, phase of wind decrease or direction change, developed long surface waves, shore exposure to wind. Analysis of characteristic wave lengths after long storms, dimensions of their surf zone, and changes in underwater bottom profile is carried out. Conclusion is that slightly negatively buoyant microplastic particles should migrate for a long time between beaches and underwater slopes until they are broken into small enough pieces that can be transported by currents to deeper area and deposited out of reach of stormy waves.
MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN DUNE COMPLEXES MONITORING ON THE VISTULA SPIT
Authors: Danchenkov Aleksandr , Danchenkov Aleksandr
Published: June 2018

Modern technologies, which provide fast and accurate acquisition of high-resolution spatial data, have found widespread application in the monitoring of coastal processes. This paper reports the results of four years’ monitoring of a huge deflation/blowout/wind-scour basin dynamics at the Vistula Spit (southeast coast of the Baltic Sea). Information about the volume and size dynamics together with deflation/accumulation schemes and 3D elevation maps is presented. Basing on the obtained results, forecast of the deflation basin dynamics for 2016 was proposed. This paper implements the Terrestrial Laserscanning (TLS) method to the coastal processes investigation and demonstrates its high potential in this field.
COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING OF ICE GOUGING BOTTOM RELIEF AT KEY SITES OF OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE COASTAL-SHELF ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC SEAS
Authors: Ogorodov Stanislav , Ogorodov Stanislav , Arkhipov Vassily , Arkhipov Vassily , Baranskaya Alisa , Baranskaya Alisa , Kokin Osip , Kokin Osip , Shabanova Natalia , Shabanova Natalia
Published: June 2018

Ice gouging is a dangerous natural process typical for the coastal-shelf zone of the Russian Arctic; because it leads to damaging of the infrastructure it can also be related to the category of catastrophic processes. To lower the risks of occurrence and to prevent emergencies and their consequences, comprehensive monitoring of the dangerous natural processes is necessary. With all lithologic and geomorphologic conditions being equal, the intensity of the ice gouging on the bottom is mostly determined by the changing condition, area and thickness of the ice cover. To assess the real intensity of the ice gouging impact during a given ice season, repeated sounding of the sea bottom topography is necessary; it helps to select the ice gouges which were created in the period between the two consequent observations. At present, the methods and technologies of the monitoring of ice gouging processes are not standardized, and the monitoring, if it is conducted, is often sporadic and lacks systematization. Therefore, the development of a united technology of comprehensive monitoring of ice gouging processes in the coastal and shelf zone is one of the most important tasks of the modern science and practice. Our team was the first one to apply such integrative technology in 2005-2015 in the framework of investigations for the purpose of construction of the underwater gas pipeline at its crossing of the Baydaratskaya Bay, Kara Sea.
BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF LAKES AND STREAMS OF DVINA BAY OF THE WHITE SEA COASTAL AREAS AS AN INDICATOR OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT (BY THE EXAMPLE OF MERCURY POLLUTION) _
Authors: Krasnoyarskiy Boris , Krasnoyarskiy Boris , Ovsepyan Asya , Ovsepyan Asya , Fedorov Yury , Fedorov Yury , Savitskiy Vyacheslav , Savitskiy Vyacheslav
Published: June 2018

The article analyzes the data of expedition studies conducted by the team of the leading scientific school of Professor Fedorov Yu.A. in the Archangelsk region for more then 10-years period of researches. The materials of mercury content obtained for samples of bottom sediments sampled in the mouth area of the Northern Dvina River, the lakes of Arkhangelsk and the surrounding areas, at Dvina Bay and different areas of the White Sea. Based on the available data and having considered the results of the authors working on the subject of mercury pollution in the subarctic region, conclusions about the level of anthropogenic impact on water bodies and streams of the Arkhangelsk region are justified. Factors that contribute to the formation of relatively high and low concentrations of mercury in sediments identified. The effects of mechanical, hydrochemical, hydrological barriers analyzed. The natural background of mercury in the bottom sediments of the region revealed. Comparative analysis of the accumulation of mercury in the bottom sediments of the study area and other parts of the subarctic region realized. Opportunities and conditions for existence of the effect of "secondary pollution" discussed.
CLEANING UP EMERGENCY OIL SPILLS FROM THE WATER SURFACE WITH MAGNETIC ADSORBENTS
Authors: Rubanov Yury , Rubanov Yury , Tokach Yulia , Tokach Yulia , Vasilenko Marina , Vasilenko Marina , Goncharova Elena , Goncharova Elena
Published: June 2018

There was suggested a method of obtaining a complex adsorbent with magnetic properties for the oil spill clean-up from the water surface by means of controlled magnetic field. As magnetic filler a finely-dispersed iron-ore concentrate in the form of magnetite, obtained by wet magnetic separation of crushed iron ore, was suggested. As an adsorbing component the disintegrating electric-furnace steelmaking slag, obtained by dry air-cooling method, was selected. The mass ratio of components slag:magnetite is 1(1,5÷2,0). For cleaning up emergency oil spills with the suggested magnetic adsorbent a facility, which is installed on a twin-hulled oil recovery vessel, was designed. The vessel contains a rectangular case between the vessel hulls with inlet and outlet for the treated water, the bottom of which is a permanently moving belt. Above the belt, at the end point of it there is an oil-gathering drum with magnetic system. The adsorbent is poured to oil-products layer from a hopper, provided with drum feeder. Due to the increased bulk weight the adsorbent sinks rapidly into the oil layer on the water surface. If the large non-floating flocculi are formed, they sink and sedimentate on the moving belt and are moved to the oil-gathering drum. The saturated adsorbent is removed from the drum surface with a scraper, connected with a gutter, with contains a rotating auger.
THE REGULARITY OF HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOR IN THE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS ON THE PROFILE “NORTHERN DVINA RIVER – WHITE SEA”
Authors: Zimovets Alina , Zimovets Alina , Fedorov Yury , Fedorov Yury , Ovsepyan Asya , Ovsepyan Asya , Savitskiy Vyacheslav , Savitskiy Vyacheslav
Published: June 2018

A study was conducted to investigate the level of heavy metals in bottom sediments of the Northern Dvina mouth area and the White Sea in various seasons since 2004. Of greatest interest for the study was presented as such heavy metals as Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, which belong to the priority group of toxic elements. The heavy metals concentrations were determined with atomic absorption spectrometer. Also the grain-size composition, concentrations of organic carbon and values of hydrogen ion exponent (pH) and redox potential (Eh) in bottom sediments were determined. It was found that the levels of heavy metals in sediments significantly changed in the lateral radial direction. There is a tendency to increased concentrations of some heavy metals downstream of the river. The high concentrations of heavy metals were found within the influence of cities and towns. So the extremely high mercury concentrations were found in the sediments of small and shallow channels crossing the Arkhangelsk city. The study of heavy metal concentrations in the bottom sediments along the profile “the Northern Dvina - Dvina Bay - White sea” showed that the marginal filter contributes to the coprecipitation with suspended metals of anthropogenic genesis. These processes greatly reduce the contamination risk of the White Sea. Thus, the impact of the river on the ecosystem of the White Sea outside the marginal filter is significantly less.
HEAVY METALS IN WATER, SEDIMENTS AND MARINE FISHES FROM BULGARIAN BLACK SEA
Authors: Peycheva Katya , Peycheva Katya , Stancheva Mona , Stancheva Mona , Georgieva Stanislava , Georgieva Stanislava , Makedosnki Lubomir , Makedosnki Lubomir
Published: June 2018

In this study, the ecosystem marine water-sediment-biota was investigated and the pollution was assessed. The concentrations of eight elements were determined in marine water, sediments and four fish species collected from Black Sea (Varna), Bulgaria during 2013. Marine water recorded the highest concentrations of Zn (15-22 μg/L), As (1.1–1.2 μg/L) and Pb (0.7-0.8 μg/L) while Zn (31-52 μg/g), Pb (21-29 μg/g) and Cu (20-34 μg/g) and show the highest concentrations in sediments. Water and sediments showed similar spatial distribution patterns for the highest mean values of the different metals. In the analysed fish species, the highest concentration of the metals Cu and Zn were found in Trachurus Mediterrneus (0.42 mg/kg w.w) and in Sprattus Sprattus (12.7 mg/kg w.w), respectively while the heavy metals As and Hg were found with maximum values in Pseta Maxima (3.99 mg/kg w.w and 0.08 mg/kg w.w respectively). The results from this study were compared with our data for a previous period (2004-2006) and they show decrease in the levels of heavy metal.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF NUTRIENT LOADING FROM SMALL CATCHMENTS OF THE VISTULA LAGOON
Authors: Domnin Dmitry , Domnin Dmitry , Chubarenko Boris , Chubarenko Boris , Capell Rene , Capell Rene
Published: June 2018

Vistula Lagoon as a part of the coastal zone translates nutrient load from catchment to the Baltic Sea. Catchments of the Primorskaya River (small settlements, mostly agricultural area, 120 km2) and Banówka-Mamonovka River (transboundary catchment between Russia and Poland, relatively big settlements, food production enterprises, agricultural activity, 490 km2) were selected as test ones for the Vistula Lagoon catchment (23 870 km2). Assessment of the retention of total nitrogen and phosphorus in the catchment and the transformation of nutrient load from anthropogenic sources while passing the catchment were studied by using open source numerical modeling tools. Initial data comprises the geomorphic characteristics, river net data, information on land use and nutrient point sources, time series of temperature, precipitation. Runoff was simulated by hydrological model HYPE considering the evaporation and infiltration into the soil. Retention and transport of nutrients were accessed using the model FyrisNP. Source apportionment was made for the nutrient load discharging from both catchments to the Vistula Lagoon. The greatest amount of nutrients in final discharge is coming from the arable land (50-80%), point sources constitute a smaller proportion (5-30%). The results will be used to obtain the first order approximation of the nutrient load from other small rivers of the Vistula Lagoon catchment and from the biggest river in the area, the Pregolya River (15 300 km2) by analogy.
ACCUMULATION OF PLASTIC FRAGMENTS AND MICROPLASTICS ON THE BEACHES IN THE SOUTH-EAST BALTIC SEA
Authors: Khatmullina Lilia , Khatmullina Lilia , Esiukova Elena , Esiukova Elena
Published: June 2018

The sediment sampling from different areas of the beaches in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (in Kaliningrad region) was executed for the purpose of studying the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microplastics particles (range 0.5-5 mm). Preference is given to those beaches that are exposed to maximum anthropogenic pollution. From June, 2015 to January, 2016, there were 14 expeditions along the coastline of the Baltic Sea (in Kaliningrad region) to collect experimental materials. The majority of samples were collected on the most recent flotsam deposited at “wracklines”, in the supralittoral zone. The primary examination of those samples revealed the presence of abundant microplastic particles of the required size range (0.5-5 mm). Quantitative distribution of microplastics in beach sediments was obtained in milligrams per gram of sediment and milligrams per m2: on average 0.05-2.89 (mg per gram of sediment) and 370-7330 (mg per m2), accordingly.
EVOLUTION OF COASTAL LAGOONS OF THE SAKHALIN ISLAND
Authors: Brovko Petr , Brovko Petr
Published: June 2018

Lagoons of Sakhalin island is the fifth part of the coast. Two lagoon types predominate in the Sakhalin Island. The first type includes large and medium lagoons located along the edge of seacoast flatlands. This is a “classical” lagoon type. The second type (estuaries) is connected with coast segments in mouths of the rivers. Their development is dominated by alluvial processes. Evolution of lagoons and estuaries the islands of Sakhalin is influenced by increase of global sea level.
DYNAMICS OF THE ANAPA BAY-BAR SUBMERGE SLOPE
Authors: Fedorova Elena , Fedorova Elena
Published: June 2018

The planning of exploration and socio-economic development of coastal regions is impossible without the knowledge of coastal processes and scientifically based forecast of the evolution not only the shoreline, but the submerge slope also. Laboratory of lithodynamic and geology of the Southern Branch of the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS since 2010 surveys bottom topography within Anapa Bay-Bar. Along Anapa Bay-Bar the presence of two longshore underwater bars is clearly observed. The first underwater bar is narrower than another one. His width is up to 40 m and it is located at the depth of 1.5-2.0 m. The second underwater bar is wider (up to 150 m) and it is located at the depth of 3.5-4.0 m. The both bars have the height, approximately, of 2.0-2.5 m. Both bars are well expressed in the central part of Anapa spit. Modern dynamics of the submerge slope changes will be considered in the paper.
COASTAL EROSION IN THE GULF OF KALAMITA AS A RESULT OF LONG-TERM ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE
Authors: Goryachkin Yuri , Goryachkin Yuri
Published: June 2018

The Gulf of Kalamita is located in the Black Sea off the west coast of the Crimea and is known to be a major recreational area. However, in the last 30 years, its famous sandy beaches have drastically degraded. Degradation of sandy beaches was expressed in erosion of the coastal line (30-70 m) and reduction of the total area of beaches; disappearance of sand in a number of ar-eas in the near-shore zone and openings of marl; sharp increase of fragments of limestone in the composition of beaches. In the last 60 years, the level of the Black Sea has risen by 14 cm. Only this factor, as the calculations show, has caused about 15 mln m3 deficiency of deposits. Accord-ing to direct observations, shoreline response to changes in the sea level at the inter-annual scale changes comproses 0,3 m per 1 cm. Climate changes in trajectories of passing cyclones have resulted in a 2-3 times increase in storm activity over the past 30 years. The contribution of natural factors into the shoreline changes do not exceed 10-15% according to our estimates. The main contribution is related to the background and point anthropogenic impacts. The first group includes overall reduction of sediment in the sea due to construction of reservoirs, cliffs closing with concrete embankments, reducing populations of benthic mollusks for various rea-sons, etc. The second group includes construction of hydraulic structures which do not address lithodynamics peculiarities in particular stretches of coastline.
SOME FEATURES OF THE EQUILIBRIUM COASTAL PROFILE FOR DIFFERENT INITIAL BED SLOPES BASED ON MODELLING STUDY
Authors: Korzinin Dmitry , Korzinin Dmitry , Leontiev Igor , Leontiev Igor
Published: June 2018

Modelling study of the equilibrium profiles formed on sandy coasts of different bed slopes and grain sizes under the various wave conditions was realized by using the CROSS-P and Xbeach morphodynamic models. A special criterion taking into account a total volume of bed deformations per one hour was suggested to determine the conditions of profile stabilization. For both models the time scales of equilibrium profile formation were found to be the same. However, the deformation magnitudes differed significantly. Bed deformations were computed on the whole profile length over the 200-hours duration of wave impact. It was concluded that both models predict a trend of the bed slope toward a stable value. CROSS-P model shows the widening of accumulative terrace during the profile evolution. The mean slope of the equilibrium profile was found to depend on the initial bed slope.
UNDERWATER BARRED BEACH PROFILE TRANSFORMATION UNDER DIFFERENT WAVES CONDITIONS
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga , Kuznetsova Olga , Saprykina Yana , Saprykina Yana , Divinsky Boris , Divinsky Boris
Published: June 2018

Based on numerical modelling evolution of beach under waves with height 1,0-1,5 m and period 7,5 and 10,6 sec as well as spectral wave parameters varying cross-shore analysed. The beach reformation of coastal zone relief is spatially uneven. It is established that upper part of underwater beach profile become terraced and width of the terrace is in direct pro-portion to wave height and period on the seaward boundary but inversely to angle of wave energy spreading. In addition it was ascertain that the greatest transfiguration of profile was accompanied by existence of bound infragravity waves, smaller part of its energy and shorter mean wave period as well as more significant roller energy.
AN ARTIFICIAL BEACH AS A MEANS FOR SEA COAST PROTECTION FROM STORM SURGES (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND)
Authors: Leontyev Igor , Leontyev Igor , Akivis Tatiana , Akivis Tatiana
Published: June 2018

A model of an artificial beach is suggested for protection of coasts under erosion due to intense storm surges. It is shown that the coarser beach sand results in decrease of the beach width and growth of nourishment volume. At the same time relative material loss due to long-shore sediment transport diminishes too. The model has been applied to three sections of the coasts of Kurortny district of S.-Petersburg (eastern part of the Gulf of Finland). It recommends medium sand for the beaches construction. Modeling of extreme storms effect shows only minor deformations for designed beach profiles. For the beaches more than 1 km long even in 30-50 years more than a half of the initial beach volume conserves without additional nourishment.
MODERN STATE AND DYNAMIC OF THE BEACHES OF KALAMITSKIY GULF IN THE WESTERN CRIMEA
Authors: Rubtsova Svetlana , Rubtsova Svetlana , Agarkova-Lyakh Iryna , Agarkova-Lyakh Iryna , Lyamina Natalya , Lyamina Natalya , Lyamin Aleksey , Lyamin Aleksey
Published: June 2018

In 1980-th the average width of beaches of Kalamitskiy Gulf on the Western coast of Crimea was 40 m on accumulative part and 10 m on abrasion. Now they are reduced more than 2 times. Depletion of beaches, abrasion of coasts and erosion of underwater slope accompany these processes. Activation of mentioned processes is caused by deficit of beaches material due to intense anthropogenic impact on the coast. The main factors of human activity in that area are quarrying of sand and pebbles on the beaches; regulation of solid runoff of rivers; unwarranted hydrotechnical construction; dredging; pollution of sea waters and bottom sediment. Between natural factors the Black Sea level rise, sinking down of described coast, wind-wave conditions, beaches lithology and activation of extreme storms facilitate beaches reduction.
COASTAL ALTERATION AND CHANGES IN SHORELINE MORPHOLOGY DUE TO ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURES IN MIIRAKU TOWN ON FUKUE IS. IN THE GOTO ARCHIPELAGO
Authors: Sakamoto Ryo , Sakamoto Ryo , Seino Satoquo , Seino Satoquo , Suzaki Hirokazu , Suzaki Hirokazu
Published: June 2018

A construction of breakwaters and other shoreline structures on part of a coast influences drift sand transport in the bay, and causes comprehensive topographic changes on the beach. This study investigated shoreline and coastal changes, taking as an example of Shiraragahama Beach in Miiraku on the northwestern end of Fukue Island, Nagasaki Prefecture (Kyushu, Japan). Miiraku, adjacent to Saikai National Park, appears in the revered 8th century poetry collection “Manyoshu” and served as a port for a ship taken by the Japanese envoy to China during the Tang Dynasty (618-709). Because of the recent development of breakwaters for a fishing harbor, the shore environments of this beach have changed significantly. In this study, the status of silt deposits and topographic changes on this beach arising from the construction of a harbor breakwater were evaluated by comparing aerial photographs taken in different years. Next, the changes in the shoreline visible from aerial photographs from 1947 to 2014 were analyzed. Lastly, the altitude of the beaches was measured using accurate survey methods. The following results were obtained: 1) coastal erosion made rock cliffs to fall off along the shore and deposited sand on this beach; 2) the more serious advances or retreats of the shoreline took place around shoreline structures; 3) sandbars and beach cliffs were formed.