bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principles of Contract Law in the Time of Digitalisation (On the Example of US Judicial Practice)
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Volos Aleksei A.
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the role of the principles of contract law in the cases arises from economic disputes in connection with the use of current digital technologies by the parties of the contract. Based on the analysis of different US court decisions, the author makes several scientific proposals. The most fundamental of them is that the digitalisation of society and the emergence of new relationships does not prevent the application of the principles of contract law. At the same time, the principles might be filled with special content and understanding. In such circumstances, the interpretation of the principles of contract law is essentially vital. There is a good example of the successful attempt of this type of interpretation. Having examined the interface and design of the corresponding online platform, the court of the USA determined the fact of consent to the terms of the user agreement according to the principle contractual freedom. It is a very useful approach for the Russian practice as well. Based on the principles of contract law, the US courts formulate the substantive part of the decision. Furthermore, they do creatively approach the establishment of a model for regulating emerging relations in the digital economy. The creatively approach of courts should not be useful in Russia according to the traditions of the continental system of law. However, it should be used by the legislative power. In order to establish an affective regulatory model, it is necessary to take into account not only economic feasibility and technical features. First of all, we have to rely on the principles of law. Unfortunately, it is not always obvious in Russia.
On the Future of the Right to Ownership
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Rybalov Andrey O.
Published: August 2023

History shows that the concept of the right to ownership has proved to be more volatile than the concept of obligation. Dreams of a “final theory” of the right to ownership are not yet destined to come true — a change in ideas about this right is happening now, just before our eyes. The task of the science of private law in these conditions is not to turn a blind eye to the changes that are taking place, as being not in accordance with the prevailing doctrine, but, on the contrary, to notice these changes and begin to actively study them.
Digitalisation and Property. Fragment of a lecture course “Civil Law and Digitalisation”
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Ivanov Anton A.
Published: August 2023

This article considers relation between new objects of digital law and trаditional concepts of property law (iura in re), such as thing (res), proprietary rights (iura in re), property (ownership), possession, proprietary action (actio in rem). The majority of civil law scholars decline direct application of proprietary concepts to the digital objects because of the ideal, immaterial nature of the latter. But the lack of detailed property law regulation and contradictions within the Civil Code of Russia give an opportunity to extend the mentioned rules to digital objects. The main goal of this process is the creation of a special proprietary action which will make possible the recovery of digital objects by their proprietors.
Immovable Property Complexes United by Common Property
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Alexeev Vadim A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2023

The article is a detailed analysis of the legal regulation of property relations in special complexes of immovable things, including shared property. The basis of these complexes is compactly located negotiable immovables with owners. At the same time, the complex also includes immovable property, intended for servicing land plots, buildings and structures that form the basis of the complex. It is noted that the current legislation regulates relations regarding shared property in immovable property complexes of two types: gardening settlements and low-rise residential complexes. The common and the different in legal regime of shared property in these complexes are considered in detail. A distinction is made between shared property and common property. The author draws attention to the fact that there is a third group of immovable property complexes, in which relations regarding common property are not regulated by law at all. The practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on this issue is subjected to a detailed critical analysis. Speaking in favour of the need to determine the legal regime of shared property in all immovable property complexes, the author considers it impossible to apply by analogy the law on the shared ownership in buildings for this purpose. As a way to solve the problem, it is proposed to regulate special transactions for the transfer of shared property into fractional ownership of all persons whose individual property is serviced by this property.
The Kozhin Case, or the Question of the Right to Develop Mineral Resources as Interpreted by the Ruling Senate
Authors:   Zakon journal, Vereshchagin Alexander N.
Published: August 2023

The article investigates some hesitations shown by the supreme court of the Russian Empire as regards the nature of the right to extract mineral resources on other’s land
LEGAL CHRONICLE
Authors: Golovko Leonid V. , Pleshanova Olga P. ,   Infralex Law Firm, Galin Konstantin ,   PB Legal (Panin, Bayramkulov & Partners), Shitkina Irina S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Aleynikova Vera ,   S.S. Alekseev Private Law Research Centre under the President of the Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

The July Legal Chronicle presents the opinions of experts on the issues of legal assessment of the events of the armed rebellion on 24 June 2023, economic sanctions and ways to protect against them by means of corporate law, the positions of the Constitutional Court on compensation for moral damage that occurred before birth, and the procedure for observing the preemptive right when selling objects of shared ownership at auction, and on the taxation of the proceeds from the sale of the subject of pledge.
ЛІКУВАННЯ ТА КОРЕКЦІЯ ДЕЯКИХ ДЕРМАТОЕСТЕТИЧНИХ ПРОБЛЕМ З ДОПОМОГОЮ СУЧАСНИХ ЛАЗЕРНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Syzon Orysya , Dashko Marianna , Chaplyk-Chyzho Iryna , Ivaniushko-Nazarko Nataliia
Published: August 2023

Мета роботи. Вивчити можливості, ефективність та доцільність застосування лазерних технологій для вирішення деяких дерматоестетичних проблем пацієнтів.

Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано та представлено результати терапії з використанням апарату Nordlys, принцип роботи якого заснований на теорії селективного фототермолізу. Для визначення ефективності лікування визначали дерматологічний індекс якості життя.

Результати та обговорення. Під спостереженням перебувало 118 пацієнтів (42 чоловіка і 76 жінок віком від 18 до 65 років) з різними дерматоестетичними проблемами. Для лікування куперозу, розацеа, акне і гіперпігментацій використовували вузькоспектрові IPL технології Nordlys. Внаслідок проведеного комплексного лікування з використанням лазеротерапії у пацієнтів всіх груп вірогідно покращилися показники дерматоестетичної якості життя: у хворих з куперозом та розацеа на 48,75% та 72,71%, акне та постакне – на 77,87% та 72,07%, поверхневими та глибокими пігментаціями – на 40,49 % та 50,98 %, (р <0,001).

Висновки. Лазеротерапія в комплексному лікуванні хворих з дерматоестетичними проблемами дозволяє зменшити клінічні прояви дерматозів, усунути деякі чинники розвитку та призводить до вірогідного (р<0,05) покращення показників якості життя.
ЕНДОТЕЛІАЛЬНА ДИСФУНКЦІЯ ЯК ЛАНКА ПАТОГЕНЕЗУ ХРОНІЧНИХ ЗАПАЛЬНИХ ДЕРМАТОЗІВ
Authors: Bolotna Liudmyla , Vozianova Svitlana , Sarian Olena
Published: August 2023

Мета роботи. Визначити фактори ризику атеросклерозу, сумарний коронарний ризик за шкалою SCORE, дослідити стан судинного ендотелію, ліпідного спектра крові у хворих на звичайний псоріаз, шкірний червоний вовчак (ШЧВ), обмежену склеродермію (ОСД), гніздову алопецію (ГА).

Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 118 пацієнтів віком 36-57 років з хронічними запальними дерматозами (псоріаз, дискоїдний та дисемінований ШЧВ, бляшкова та поверхнева форми ОСД, типові форми ГА) легкого і середнього ступеня тяжкості. Контрольну групу склали 20 практично здорових осіб відповідного віку і статі. Проаналізовано антропометричні показники, індекс маси тіла, сумарний коронарний ризик (шкала SCORE). Дослідження стану судинного ендотелію проведено методом ІФА за визначенням у крові молекулярних маркерів – васкулоендотеліального фактора росту (VEGF), гомоцистеїну (ГЦ) у хворих на псоріаз, активності фактора фон Віллебранда (ФВ) у пацієнтів з ШВЧ і ОСД, рівня міжклітинної молекули адгезії (ICAM-1) у хворих на ОСД. Оцінка ліпідного спектра сироватки крові хворих базувалася на вивченні біохімічними методами ряду показників.

Результати. Класичні фактори ризику (паління, надмірна вага, гіподинамія, зловживання алкоголем, нераціональне харчування) визначено у 51,7 % хворих на псоріаз, у 37,3 % пацієнтів з ШЧВ, 31,4 % хворих на ОСД і 42,3 % пацієнтів з ГА. Значення SCORE варіювало від 0,17 до 7,88 %, низький ризик визначено у 33,1 % хворих, підвищений – у 57,6 % і високий – у 9,3 % пацієнтів. Більша частота підвищеного ризику серцево-судинних захворювань (ССЗ) була у хворих на псоріаз порівняно з іншими дерматозами. Встановлено суттєве збільшення сироваткового вмісту VEGF та ГЦ у хворих на псоріаз. Майже в усіх хворих на псоріаз, ОСД, ШЧВ і ГА встановлено дисліпідемію з підвищенням рівня основного атерогенного ХС ЛПНЩ і зменшенням ХС ЛПВЩ, збільшенням вмісту тригліцеридів і значення індексу атерогенності. У хворих на ГА визначено три або чотири компоненти метаболічного синдрому.

Висновки. Встановлено фактори ризику атеросклерозу у 58,5 % пацієнтів, захворювання серцево-судинної системи у 28,8 % хворих, помірний і високий ризик ССЗ за шкалою SCORE у 66,7 % випадків. Визначено різні форми дисфункції судинного ендотелію. Порушення функції ендотелію судин може не тільки обтяжувати перебіг дерматозів, а й сприяти прогресуванню атеросклерозу і судинним ускладненням.
Low-temperature Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers/graphite Felt Composites Under Contactless Induction Heating
Authors: Duong-Viet Cuong , Truong-Phuoc Lai , Romero Thierry , Nhut Jean-Mario , Nguyen-Dinh Lam , Vidal Loic , Pham-Huu Cuong
Published: August 2023

In this report induction heating was used for the catalytic chemical vapor decomposition synthesis of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on Ni-based catalyst. The CNFs were produced with a high yield at a relatively low temperature compared to that observed for conventional heating through convection and conduction. The process also occurred in the absence of secondary toxic organic compounds, formed through side reaction in the high temperature gas-phase or through decomposition on the hot wall of reactor as encountered with traditional Joule heating mode. The improved CNFs yield under induction heating was attributed to the high reaction temperature control thanks to the high temperature regulation rate provided by the induction heating coil. The local heating of the nickel nanoparticles by the electromagnetic field could also contribute to the improvement of the CNFs yield. The results obtained indicate that inductive heating mode could be of great interest for improving the heat transfer in catalytic processes and also to reduce the problem of gradient temperature occurring inside the catalyst bed during the operating of highly exothermic or endothermic processes. It is expected that such electricity-driven heating mode could have contributed in an efficient way toward the electrification of different catalytic processes in order to reduce the associated carbon footprint.
The Impact of Strategic Management Accounting on The Financial Performance of Low-Cost Airlines
Authors: Tirado Jorge Suarez , Mavlutova Inese
Published: August 2023

Strategic management accounting is the last stage of evolution in management accounting, seeking to contribute strategic information to support strategic decision-making and strategic management; this information is obtained from the application of several strategic management accounting techniques for collecting superior information. This paper aims to determine the role of strategic management accounting in the financial performance of low-cost airlines, seeking to encourage its adoption, implementation, and use for these types of companies. It relies on a literature review regarding strategic management accounting and the airline industry, especially with documents obtained from Scopus and Web of Science. Besides, a questionnaire was applied to experts in this industry, along with the application of a spline regression model for data analysis. The study revealed that the contribution of strategic management accounting in the financial performance of the analyzed low-cost airlines is influenced by decision-making and decision-implementation processes, management accountants who provide external, non-financial, and forward-looking information are the main actors in the adoption, implementation, and the use of strategic management accounting in the analyzed low-cost airlines.
Reflections on International School Practicums by Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Shiobara Frances
Published: August 2023

the shortest requirements for teaching practicums in the world, which gives trainees a very narrow experience of classrooms and teaching styles. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-service teachers taking part in a voluntary teaching practicum at an international school in Japan. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with pre-service teachers who had experienced an extended period of volunteering. The results show that although all the pre-service teachers enjoyed the volunteer experience and felt that their English ability had improved, they did not feel the experiences were transferable to Japanese elementary schools. This has implications for teacher trainers regarding how to make these volunteer opportunities more effective for pre-service teachers.

教員養成で最も重要なもののひとつが教育実習である。現在、日本は世界で最も短い期間で教育実習を行う国のひとつであるため、実習生は教室や教え方について狭い範囲でしか学ぶことができない。本研究の目的は、日本のインターナショナルスクールで自主的に行われた教育実習の効果を観察することにある。日本のインターナショナルスクールで長期間にわたり自主的な教育実習を経験した教員を対象に、半構造化面接を実施した。その結果、すべての当該教員はその実習を楽しみ、英語力が向上したと感じていたものの、その経験が日本の小学校で役立つとは感じていないことがわかった。このことは教員がこのような機会を最大限に活用するために、どのように機会を設定し、反映させるかについて教員養成担当者に重要な示唆を与えている。
Teacher-Student Contact Moments in Classrooms in Japanese Secondary Schools
Authors: Suemori Saki
Published: August 2023

Teacher-student relationships can influence various aspects of students’ learning. A key concept to consider for teacher-student relationships is contact. Contact refers to a temporal momentary phenomenon and the related experiences. When teachers and students accumulate good quality contact moments, this can positively influence students’ motivation, attitudes toward learning, and engagement. However, little research has been undertaken on contact. This study was conducted to investigate 1) how teachers and students accumulate contact moments, and 2) how the accumulation of contact moments helps build their relationships in Japanese secondary schools. The participants were two Japanese teachers of English and their students. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers, classroom observations, and focus-group interviews with students in one academic year. The findings of the study showed that the teachers and students actively accumulated contact moments, which eventually led to them building trusting relationships.

教師と生徒の関係性は、生徒の学習に対して様々な影響を与える。この関係性について考える上で重要な要素が、コンタクトである。コンタクトとは一時的な現象や経験を指す。教師と生徒が良いコンタクトを蓄積できると、生徒の動機づけ、学習に対する姿勢、エンゲージメントに対して良い影響を与える。しかしながら、コンタクトの研究はこれまでほぼ行われていない。本研究は、1) 教師と生徒がどのようにコンタクトを蓄積しているか、2) コンタクトの蓄積がどのように関係性構築へ影響を与えているかの2点について、日本の中学校、高等学校で調査を実施した。参加者は、日本人英語教師2名とその生徒である。データは1年間に亘って、半構造化インタビュー、授業観察、生徒対象のフォーカスグループによって収集された。結果として、教師と生徒は活発にコンタクトを蓄積しており、コンタクトの蓄積が信頼関係構築につながっている点が明らかになった。
Introducing Collaborative Learning Logs in a First-Year University Classroom
Authors: Moreau Robert
Published: August 2023

In this paper I discuss the introduction of collaborative learning logs in a first-year, content-based, global issues class at a Japanese university. The rationale behind this activity and its connection to autonomous and sociocultural learning is briefly explained, taking the work of Shih (2020) as a starting point. Students’ responses to two questionnaires on their attitudes towards the activity are examined. The responses suggest that students generally found the activity to be beneficial to them. Specifically, they felt that it improved their ability to communicate ideas in English and developed their writing skills. Students also commented on the benefits of being able to collaboratively share reflections and ideas about their learning as well as some drawbacks associated with the activity. The paper concludes with ways to improve the activity and suggestions for future research.

本稿では、日本の大学の1年次における内容重視のグローバル・イシューの授業で、共同学習ログを導入したことについて述べる。この活動の根拠と自律学習や社会文化学習との関連について、Shih (2020)の研究を出発点として簡単に説明する。また、この活動に対する学生の態度について、2つの質問紙への回答を検討した。その結果、学生は概ねこの活動が自分にとって有益であると感じており、具体的には、この活動によって、英語で考えを伝える能力やライティング能力が向上したと感じていることがわかった。また、学生たちは、このアクティビティによって、自分の学習についての考察やアイデアを共同で共有できるようになったという利点と、このアクティビティに関連するいくつかの欠点についてもコメントした。最後に、このアクティビティを改善する方法と、今後の研究への提案について述べている。
Reflection-in-Action: Insights from High School Writing Classes
Authors: de Vera Leilani
Published: August 2023

For educators, reflection is an important element of instruction. Most of the time, though, reflection is done at the end of a course or the academic year. This type of reflection is also usually structured and can have the tendency to reinforce routines instead of searching for new practices. On the other hand, ideas and realizations occurring during instruction that fall outside the structure of reflection after the course are often forgotten or simply consigned as effective teaching practices. In this article, reflection-in-action (Schön, 1983), a type of reflection that is done during instruction, is explored. The theoretical background of reflection-in-action is explained, and insights gained during a writing course using this type of reflection are discussed.

教育者にとって、振り返りは指導の重要な要素である。しかし、ほとんどの場合、振り返りは授業や学年の終わりに行われる。また、このような振り返りは構造化されていることが多く、新しい実践を模索するのではなく、慣例を強化する傾向がある。そのため、授業後の構造化された振り返りから外れた授業中に生じたアイデアや気づきは、忘れ去られたり、効果的な教育実践に委ねられたりする。本稿では、授業中に行われる振り返りの一種である「行為の中の省察」（Schön, 1983）について検討する。そして、「行為の中の省察」の理論的背景と、この振り返りを用いたライティング・コースで得られた知見を考察する。
Creating Motivating Homework for Young Learners Through Khan Academy Kids
Authors: Curiel Ania Delia Gonzalez
Published: August 2023

Developing motivating homework for young learners (YLs) that is suitable for both face-to-face and online/hybrid teaching contexts in the EFL continues to be challenging. In this paper, I will discuss using the self-study app for children, Khan Academy Kids (KAK), to create engaging homework assignments while fostering positive self-study habits. First, I will outline the role of homework in developing self-regulation skills and autonomy in YLs. Next, I will introduce the KAK app and its qualities as a potential solution. Then, I will propose possible ways to incorporate the app in the EFL classroom for both assigning homework and in-lesson use. Finally, the alternatives for face-to-face and online/hybrid teaching scenarios will also be covered.

EFLの教室において対面式とオンライン・ハイブリット授業の両方に適し、、若い学習者のやる気を引き出す宿題を開発することは、難しい状況が続いているす。本稿では自主的な学習の習慣をはぐくみ、魅力的な宿題を作成するための子供向け自習アプリ「カーンアカデミィーキッズ」（KAK) の使用について説明する。まず、若い学習者の自己抑制と自律性を発達させる宿題の役割を大まかに述べる。次に、KAKの使用法と、アプリの使用によって可能になる解決策を紹介する。さらに、当該アプリを、宿題と教室での使用の両方に取り入れる方法を提案する。最後に、対面式とオンライン・ハイブリット授業の代替案を提供する。
A Critical Review of Tasks Published by JALT’s TBLT SIG
Authors: Clarke Stephen , Hastings Chris
Published: August 2023

Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) aims to foster linguistic competence using meaning-based tasks. However, there is ongoing discussion and uncertainty regarding its effective classroom implementation and the characteristics of suitable materials. This study examines a sample of 26 tasks from the TBLT Special Interest Group (SIG) publication, analyzing their consistency with key criteria and exploring trends in task design. Findings reveal that only half of the tasks had a clear, non-linguistic goal, which is essential for communicative tasks, and around 65% demonstrated potential alignment with significant Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research findings, pending appropriate implementation. As TBLT seeks to be superior to the status quo in language teaching, innovative approaches are necessary to enhance its effectiveness further.

Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT)）は、意味に基づいたタスクを用いて言語能力を育成することを目的としています。しかし、その効果的な教室での実施や適切な教材の特徴については、現在も議論が続いており、不明な点が多い。本研究では、TBLT Special Interest Group (SIG)が発行する26のタスクのサンプルを調査し、主要な基準との整合性を分析し、タスクデザインの傾向を探った。その結果、コミュニケーションタスクに不可欠な明確な非言語的目標を持つタスクは全体の半数程度であり、約65％が第二言語習得（SLA）の重要な研究成果と一致する可能性を示し、適切な実施が期待されることが明らかになりました。TBLTが言語教育の現状を打破しようとする中で、その効果をさらに高めるためには、革新的なアプローチが必要である。
A Production-Enhanced PPP Approach for Teaching Conversation Strategies
Authors: Noda Tomoko
Published: August 2023

English communication skills are increasingly emphasized in the Ministry of Education’s Course of Study for secondary school. However, students in the EFL context in Japan have little exposure to English on a regular basis and few opportunities to use the target language outside the classroom. Moreover, EFL secondary school teachers do not typically spend enough time on speaking practice in class. The traditional PPP method (present, practice, produce) used by many teachers in secondary schools often only emphasizes the first two Ps, leaving even fewer opportunities for spoken production. This paper presents an instructional sequence for teaching conversation strategies using a production-enhanced PPP method in the Japanese EFL secondary school context. It is hoped that production-focused versions of PPP like this one can help to provide more opportunities to develop students’ communicative skills.

高等学校新学習指導要領では、英語によるコミュニケーション能力の育成がますます強調されている。しかし、日本のようなEFLの環境下では、学習者は日常的に英語に触れることがなく、授業外で英語を使用する場面も少ない。さらに、高等学校の英語の授業ではスピーキングに十分な時間が費やされていない。また、多くの教師がPPP(Present-Practice-Produce)メソッドを授業に取り入れているが、最初の2つのPに焦点が置かれることが多く、スピーキング（特に「やり取り」）のプロダクションの機会が少ないのが現状である。本論文では、EFLの環境である日本の高等学校で学習者の英語によるコミュニケーション能力を育成するために、Conversation Strategiesを用いたプロダクションに重きを置いたPPPメソッドによる授業デザインを提案する。
Japanese Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Classroom-based Assessment
Authors: Murray Adam , Tsuchihara Taiko
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we report on a pilot study about Japanese Teachers of English (JTEs) beliefs about classroom-based assessment (CBA). For this study, we used a revised version of the Classroom-based Assessment Self-Efficacy Scale (CBA-SES) which consists of four sections: teaching context, teacher beliefs, self-efficacy, and teaching practices. We administered this instrument to a convenience sample of 29 JTEs to get a better understanding of their work in various teaching contexts (primary, secondary, post-secondary) with the intention of revising the instrument and conducting a large-scale study next year. This indicated that respondents had strong teaching beliefs, with teachers at the university level having the strongest beliefs. Also, there was a connection between experience and beliefs. As teachers gained more classroom experience, their beliefs became stronger. We found a correlation between the tier of institution as measured by hensachi. Finally, teachers believe there was a need for assessment tasks that resemble real-life language use.

本稿は、日本人英語教師（JTEs）の教室内評価に関する信条について行ったパイロット研究について報告する。自己評価測定尺度（CBA-SES）の改訂版に準拠し、4つの範疇、すなわち学校種などの背景(5項目)、信条(11項目)、自己効力感(10項目)、教育実践(12項目)について質問紙を作成した。様々な学校種（小学校、中学校・高校、大学など）で教えているJTEsの現況についてより理解を深めるため、さらなる改訂を意図し、より多くの参加者に同尺度を実施するにあたり、今回は２９人のJTEsからの回答を分析した。結果として、JTEsは強い教育信条を持っており、特に大学教員にその傾向が最も強いことがわかった。教師の信条は経験と有意な関係があり、教室での経験を積むにつれて信条が強くなることがわかった。さらに、回答からは偏差値による学校レベルに応じた違いが認められた。また、教師が実際の言語使用に似せた測定タスクが必要だと考えていることも明らかになった。
Readings From Students, Demos From Teachers: LiLT SIG Forum
Authors: Lacy Bethany , Maune John , McIlroy Tara , Igawa Jennifer
Published: August 2023

This paper reports on the Literature in Language Teaching SIG forum at the JALT 2022 International Conference held in Fukuoka. At the forum, four presenters shared various approaches to using literature for language learning and discussed insights from literature-based language courses. The presenters also focused on practical suggestions with an emphasis on course planning. The conference and forum themes as they related to literature were discussed in the question and answer session. The authors individually outline the approaches used and the reactions of students to the course. The paper also illustrates recent trends from theoretical methods to language learning using literature. The report concludes with some reflections on using literature in different contexts with varieties of language learners.

本稿では、福岡で開催されたJALT2022年次国際大会におけるLiterature in Language Teaching SIGのフォーラムについて報告する。当該フォーラムでは、4人の発表者が文学を言語学習に活用するための各種のアプローチを紹介し、文学を利用した言語コースからの洞察について議論した。また、コースプランニングに重点を置いた実践的な提案も行われた。質疑応答では、文学に関連する会議とフォーラムのテーマについて話し合われた。本稿の各セクションには、各プレゼンテーションの短い要約、使用されたアプローチ、コースに対する学生の反応などが含まれる。また、文学を用いた言語学習に対する理論的なアプローチから最近の傾向を説明する。最後に、様々な言語学習者と多様な文脈で文学を使用することについての考察を述べる。
Teacher Perspectives of Machine Translation in the EFL Writing Classroom
Authors: Uehara Suwako
Published: August 2023

This is a study investigating instructor belief on students’ use of machine translation (MT) for language learning in the EFL writing classroom, and how teachers react when they discover students have been using machine translation. A qualitative research design with a constructivist approach, based on the Naturalistic Inquiry of Lincoln and Guba (1985) was used. Four experienced English teachers at Japanese universities were selected as participants. Interview questions on teacher beliefs were developed using findings in related literature. After interviews with the participants, a deep assessment of the interview transcripts and follow-up questions were conducted. The assessment followed Maxwell’s (2012) guidelines of descriptive, interpretive, and theoretical validity. Then values coding (Saldaña, 2021) was used and several key themes on the beliefs of teachers emerged. The teachers were in support of embracing the technology of MT for classes. Moving forward, such teachers might benefit from training on integrating MT appropriately and effectively.

本研究では、EFLのライティング授業において、生徒が言語学習で機械翻訳（MT）を使用することに対する教員の信念と、学生による機械翻訳の使用が発覚した際の教員の反応を調査した。Lincoln & Guba（1985）の自然主義的探究に基づく構成主義的手法による質的研究デザインを用い、日本の大学において、4名の経験豊富な英語教員を参加者として選定し、関連文献の知見をもとに、教員の信念に関するインタビューの質問リストを作成した。参加者とのインタビューの後、Maxwell（2012）の記述的妥当性、解釈的妥当性、理論的妥当性の指標に従い、インタビュー筆記録及び、フォローアップ質問の記録の深い評価を実施した。次にSaldaña（2021）の価値観コーディングを用いたところ、教員の信念に関する重要なテーマが浮かび上がった。教員達は授業でMTの利用を取り入れることをに肯定的であった。今後、こうした教員達は、MTを適切かつ効果的に利用するためのトレーニングから恩恵を受けられるかもしれない。
The Permutation Distancing Test for dependent single-case observational AB-phase design data: A Monte Carlo simulation study
Authors: Vroegindeweij Anouk , Nijhof Linde N. , Onghena Patrick , van de Putte Elise M. , Nijhof Sanne L. , Houtveen Jan
Published: August 2023

The Permutation Distancing Test (PDT) is a nonparametric test for evaluating treatment effects in dependent single-case observational design (SCOD) AB-phase data without linear trends. Monte Carlo methods were used to estimate the PDT power and type I error rate, and to compare them to those of the Single-Case Randomization Test (SCRT) assuming a randomly determined intervention point and the traditional permutation test assuming full exchangeability. Data were simulated without linear trends for five treatment effect levels (– 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2), five autocorrelation levels (0, .15, .30, .45, .60), and four observation number levels (30, 60, 90, 120). The power was calculated multiple times for all combinations of factor levels each generating 1000 replications. With 30 observations, the PDT showed sufficient power (≥ 80%) to detect medium treatment effects up to autocorrelation ≤ .45. Using 60 observations, the PDT showed sufficient power to detect medium treatment effects regardless of autocorrelation. With ≥ 90 observations, the PDT could also detect small treatment effects up to autocorrelation ≤ .30. With 30 observations, the type I error rate was 5–7%. With 60 observations and more, the type I error rate was ≤ 5% with autocorrelation < .60. The PDT outperformed the SCRT regarding power, particularly with a small number of observations. The PDT outperformed the traditional permutation test regarding type I error rate control, especially when autocorrelation increased. In conclusion, the PDT is a useful and promising nonparametric test to evaluate treatment effects in dependent SCOD AB-phase data without linear trends.
Online eye tracking and real-time sentence processing: On opportunities and efficacy for capturing psycholinguistic effects of different magnitudes and diversity
Authors: Prystauka Yanina , Altmann Gerry T. M. , Rothman Jason
Published: August 2023

Online research methods have the potential to facilitate equitable accessibility to otherwise-expensive research resources, as well as to more diverse populations and language combinations than currently populate our studies. In psycholinguistics specifically, webcam-based eye tracking is emerging as a powerful online tool capable of capturing sentence processing effects in real time. The present paper asks whether webcam-based eye tracking provides the necessary granularity to replicate effects—crucially both large and small—that tracker-based eye tracking has shown. Using the Gorilla Experiment Builder platform, this study set out to replicate two psycholinguistic effects: a robust one, the verb semantic constraint effect, first reported in Altmann and Kamide,  Cognition 73(3), 247–264 (1999), and a smaller one, the lexical interference effect, first examined by Kukona et al. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40(2), 326 (2014). Webcam-based eye tracking was able to replicate both effects, thus showing that its functionality is not limited to large effects. Moreover, the paper also reports two approaches to computing statistical power and discusses the differences in their outputs. Beyond discussing several important methodological, theoretical, and practical implications, we offer some further technical details and advice on how to implement webcam-based eye-tracking studies. We believe that the advent of webcam-based eye tracking, at least in respect of the visual world paradigm, will kickstart a new wave of more diverse studies with more diverse populations.
Un análisis a la metodología implementada por el profesor en el curso de fonética y fonología para la enseñanza de pronunciación inglesa y la percepción de los estudiantes hacia ella
Authors: Vazquez Ruiz Manuel , Arias de la Cruz Andres , Morales Vazquez Leazar
Published: August 2023

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar la metodología de enseñanza que el profesor utiliza para enseñar fonética y fonología, así como también conocer la percepción que los estudiantes universitarios tienen hacia esta.  La investigación fue conducida con un enfoque mixto en la cual participaron 50 estudiantes de una universidad localizada en el sureste del país. Se implementaron cuatro instrumentos como técnica de recolección de datos: 1) una hoja de observación de clases, 2) un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas, 3) una entrevista a los estudiantes y 4) una entrevista dirigida al docente a cargo del grupo. De la entrevista dirigida a los estudiantes surgieron tres categorías, referentes a 1) la importancia del curso para desarrollar una buena pronunciación, 2) la percepción de los estudiantes hacia la metodología empleada por el instructor en el curso, y 3) su percepción hacia el éxito de la metodología utilizada por el profesor en la mejora de su pronunciación.  Dos categorías surgieron de la entrevista dirigida a los instructores de cada grupo: 1) metodología utilizada en el curso y 2) la eficacia de la metodología empleada en el curso de acuerdo con la percepción de los instructores. Se concluyó que la metodología empleada por el profesor del curso de fonética y fonología tiene un impacto fundamental en la adquisición y mejora de la pronunciación del idioma inglés y que esta es un factor importante para que los estudiantes se sientan motivados en el aprendizaje de la pronunciación inglesa.
Rehabilitación con sistema de electroestimulación para la tendinitis rotuliana en practicantes de fútbol amateur
Authors: Pérez Ballinas Karina Ibeth , Pérez Marín Karla Andrea , Corzo Cuesta Maria de Lourdes
Published: August 2023

El síndrome del tendón rotuliano es una inflamación o daño del tendón rotuliano, el tejido que conecta la rótula con la tibia. El esfuerzo o tensión provoca pequeños desgarros en los tendones y el cuerpo trata de repararlos. Cuando el daño al tendón dura más de unas pocas semanas, el diagnóstico es denominado como tendinitis. Con el tiempo, el dolor empeora y comienza a interferir con el movimiento en las prácticas deportivas. Como una solución al síndrome del tendón rotuliano se busca innovar y obtener una mejor rehabilitación para el usuario, diseñando un sistema de electroestimulación, con las intensidades de corriente específicas para tratar este padecimiento, mediante el uso del programa TENS BURST y TENS con la finalidad de aliviar el dolor generado por el síndrome del tendón rotuliano, además de integrar un sistema de control vía bluetooth para facilitar el manejo del dispositivo. El objeto de estudio de esta investigación serán los practicantes de fútbol amateur, abordando la problemática de que existe un índice mayor de lesiones en practicantes de fútbol como actividad recreativa que, en profesionales, debido a que estos no cuentan con la misma preparación física para realizar deporte que los futbolistas profesionales.
Importancia de la determinación del perjuicio económico en la lucha contra la corrupción
Authors: Ochoa Huárac Carmen Ynés , Macedo Hurtado Alejandro Eustaquio , Saenz Melgarejo Justina Maritza , Torrejón Rosales Christian Eduardo
Published: August 2023

El artículo en referencia plantea la importancia de la determinación del perjuicio económico en la lucha contra la corrupción, con un enfoque en algunos departamentos del Perú. Su objetivo es identificar cuáles son las causas donde se ubica el perjuicio económico en los procesos de contratación pública. La metodología que se ha seguido es la revisión sistemática, estudio y análisis de diferentes fuentes académicas e institucionales publicadas desde el año 2005 hasta junio del 2023. En ese contexto el proceso de adquisiciones que realiza el estado, pasa por tres fases definidas como son los actos preparatorios, el proceso de selección y la ejecución contractual; en cualquiera de los procedimientos de selección como la ejecución de obras, adquisición de bienes o contratación de consultorías. Los hallazgos principales determinan que el perjuicio económico, se presenta con frecuencia en la tercera fase correspondiente a la ejecución contractual; específicamente durante las ampliaciones de plazo, emisión de las cartas fianzas, otorgamiento de la conformidad y en la inaplicación de penalidades; siendo en menor cantidad durante la segunda fase que corresponde a la selección; cuando dichos procedimientos se realizan sin tener en cuenta lo dispuesto en la normatividad vigente. El estudio concluye que, en la lucha contra la corrupción, la determinación del perjuicio económico es de suma importancia, porque va permitir a las fiscalías anticorrupción, apoyar en sus teorías del caso y pedir mayores penas como es el tipo penal de colusión agravada para los funcionarios o servidores públicos que realizan actos de corrupción.
Análisis Financiero y Su Impacto en la Liquidez de las Pymes de la Ciudad de Guayaquil a Consecuencia del Covid-19, Año 2021 - 2022.
Authors: Karen Adriana Medina Crespín , Sánchez Quinde Maira , Rivera Pizarro Cinthya
Published: August 2023

El presente proyecto de investigación se enfoca a realizar un análisis financiero y su impacto en la liquidez de las pymes de la ciudad de Guayaquil a consecuencia del COVID-19, año 2021 - 2022., para ello se procedió a revisar información relacionada con los componentes que el estado ecuatoriano tuvo que optar para la creación de nuevas y diversas medidas que afecto en su gran mayoría a PYMEs del sector societario y mercado de valores de la ciudad de Guayaquil, ya sea por imposiciones políticas o aumento de impuestos, aranceles, provocando un disminución notaria en el desarrollo que este sector antes mencionado. Para obtención de información se procedió a utilizar diferentes técnicas ya sean de observación, bibliográfica, u otras, que ayudaron a la facilitación de datos relevantes para el estudio antes mencionado. Se concluyó que el sector automotriz incide de manera positiva en el año 2021, pero a comienzos del año 2022 y con el pasar de los años todavía presente en la pandemia causo un impacto negativo, logrando una gran afectación en la liquidez de las PYMEs mencionadas durante este estudio, se puede llegar a decir que afecto en gran porcentaje a las cuentas como efectivo y equivalentes de efectivo, inventarios, capital, utilidades, entre otras más en el periodo 2022 y años pro siguientes, aunque aún seguimos en esta pandemia medidas tomadas por el Gobierno actual Guillermo Lasso, provoco nuevos e incrementos en aranceles, y otras cosas más que tenía que ver con el sector de la actividad económica del país, causando así falta de empleo y bajas en la liquidez de diferentes PYMEs, y en el peor de los casos cierres temporales o permanentes de algunas de las PYMEs.
APLICAÇÃO DE MINDFULNESS NO CONTROLO DA DOR, MEDO E ANSIEDADE DURANTE O TRABALHO DE PARTO: REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Delgadinho Susana , Barros Maria da Luz
Published: August 2023

Ioga e Mindfulness constituem-se como sendo estratégias robustas de auto-conhecimento, controlo da dor, ansiedade e medo, possibilitando a redução da dor no trabalho de parto. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever o estado de arte sobre Mindfulness enquanto terapêutica não farmacológica de controlo da dor no trabalho de parto sob o ponto de vista teórico e conceptual. O método utilizado foi revisão narrativa da literatura, recorrendo às bases de dados da editora EBSCO CINAHL complete, MEDLINE complete, Nursing & Allied Health Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts, MedicLatina e Cochrane Clinical Answers, assumindo como critérios de inclusão artigos científicos com texto completo e referências disponíveis nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, que façam menção ao tema, Mindfulness enquanto terapêuticas não-farmacológica. Os resultados obtidos, demonstram que a aplicação de técnicas de Mindfulness durante a gravidez e trabalho de parto permite minimizar a dor, o medo e a ansiedade. Para além do mais, apontam para benefícios como melhoria da saúde e bem-estar durante a gravidez promovendo resultados positivos no trabalho de parto, parto e respetiva recuperação-puerpério. A aceitação da dor durante o trabalho de parto pode ser trabalhada recorrendo a técnicas de Mindfulness de aceitação consciente, sendo o tratamento da dor de parto considerado mais psicossocial do que farmacológico de acordo com os estudos revisados. Concluímos que Mindfulness é uma poderosa estratégia do controlo da dor, ansiedade e medo no decurso da gravidez, trabalho de parto e parto, que promove a saúde e o bem-estar trazendo resultados positivos nestas vivências.
Konsep Pendidikan Hadhari di Pondok Pesantren Darullughah Wadda’wah Bangil-Pasuruan
Authors: Asr Himsyah Unun Zumairoh , Rahmatullah Asep
Published: August 2023

Pesantren is a non-formal educational institution that carries the educational mandate of the Qur'an and Hadith. In the process of organizing in Islamic boarding schools, it is required to be able to answer the needs of the times. Thus making the pesantren change its identity into a modern and salaf pesantren. Salaf Islamic boarding schools are characterized by the existence of diniyah education, and modern education is characterized by formal education ranging from basic education to tertiary education (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah/MI, Madrasah Tsanawiyah/MTs, Madrasah Aliyah/MA, S1, S2 and S3). Pesantren uses an integrated curriculum of three entities, firstly hadharah an nash, second hadharah falsafi, and third hadharah al 'ilm. The development of branches and structures of hadith scholarship is currently oriented to philosophy and ethics, ranging from social sciences, natural sciences to the humanities, or in the Islamic scientific scheme includes the revealed knowledge, namely the religious sciences, and the sciences. learned rationally, this concept is known as hadhari education. By using descriptive qualitative research methods through a phenomenological approach to review the concept and system of hadhari education implemented at the Darullughah Wadda'wah Islamic Boarding School in general. It is hoped that the results of this study will increase public knowledge about the concept and system of hadhari education by developing fields of scientific study.
Implementasi Pendidikan Soft Skills dalam Membentuk Moralitas Siswa di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bangkalan
Authors: Husairi Husairi , Rachman Lutfi
Published: August 2023

The education is called as student character development process so that students have the knowledge (cognitive), attitudes (affective) and skills (psychomotor) for the provision of living the midst of society. This process involves improvement the intellectual, personal and social skills are balanced between hard skills and soft skills that are not only useful for himself (intrapersonal skills) but also beneficial to the existence of society (interpersonal skills). Soft skills are a core part of non-technical competencies that are specifically able to refer to personality characteristics. These competencies are seen in a person's behavior, starting when interacting with the social environment, language skills, personal habits, to important traits aimed at supporting optimistic behavior in all fields. The characteristics of the educational model of soft skills in forming morality of students in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bangkalan that is using a model of "integration" model is an intermingling between hard skills and soft skills and connects all general subjects by incorporating values of Islam so that it becomes unified whole.
Peran Kepala Madrasah Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu di Madin Daruttauhid Al-Jindrami
Authors: Muhammad Taufiq  , Deden Ramdhani  , Muhammad Abiburrahman
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: menganalisis peran kepala madrasah dalam meningkatkan mutu madrasah di madrasah Daruttauhid Al-jindrami. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitiannya adalah kepala madrasah dan guru. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, obervasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan kepala madrasah sebagai manajer memiliki peran membuat struktur organisasi dan mengajak orangtua murid dengan program komite madrasah dan melengkapi supras yang dibutuhkan; merancang program dengan menguraikan kebutuhan pendidik dan tenaga pendidik yang menjalankan tugas, merancang kurikulum yang dijalankan; mengawasi output, proses belajar mengajar, dan peserta didik mulai dari penerimaan siswa hingga selesai;pendidikan seumur hidup ; adapun hambatan yang dihadapi adalah kurangnya sarana dan prasarana belajar mengajar, masih ada pendidik dan tenaga pendidik yang tidak disiplin, dan kurangnya komunikasi kepala madrasah dengan beberapa pendidik dan tenaga pendidik. Manajerial kepala madrasah yang baik akan menghasilkan mutu pendidikan yang baik juga yang tentunya akan mempengaruhi hasil belajar dan prestasi sekolah. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa masih dibutuhkan sebuah program untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan baik yang berkaitan dengan pembelajaran maupun tidak.
Kontribusi Guru Dalam Mengembangkan Minat Menghafal Alquran Di Pondok Pesantren Darullughah Wadda’wah 4
Authors: Imaduddin  , Zainal Abidin
Published: August 2023

Jam'iyyah Busyro litahfidzil Qur'an Darullughoh Wadda`wah Islamic Boarding School 4 Bangil Pasuruan is a branch unit under the auspices of the Darullughah Wadda'wah Islamic Boarding School Foundation which was formed as a forum to accommodate and foster students who wish to memorize the Koran . The Tahfidzul Qur'an program was formed around 2004 chaired by Al-Ustadz Amin Ismail from Gresik who was a graduate student from Abuya As-Sayyid Muhammad bin Alawy Al-Maliki Al-Hasani. The purpose in writing this thesis is to want to know the teacher's contribution in developing an interest in memorizing the Koran at the tahfidzul Koran program at the Darullughah Wadda'wah Islamic Boarding School 4 Bangil, Pasuruan. The form of research used in this thesis is qualitative research, namely research that uses a natural setting, with the intention of interpreting the phenomena that occur and is carried out by involving various existing methods. The research results show that the contribution in developing interest in memorizing the Koran was made by Ustadz Amin Al-Makky as Chair of the Jam'iyyah Tahfidz Al-Quran by giving stories. The teacher's implementation in developing an interest in memorizing the Koran starts from carrying out socialization activities to the central dalwa students. Then there is giving motivation to memorize in order to foster students' interest, after that data collection is carried out for students who want to register to take part in the tahfidz program.
Berbagai Teori Motivasi Dalam Manajemen Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Rika Sartika  , Johara Indrawati  , Sufyarma Marsidin
Published: August 2023

Motivation Theory's important role in the management process needs to be understood by educators to carry out various forms of action or assistance to the listeners. A person's attitude is determined by his desire to achieve a goal. Another term for will is motivation. Motivation is the motivation for a person to carry out activities to achieve his goals. The power of motivation for a person can change at any time. The change occurs because of satisfaction with the needs. Such satisfied needs have motivated one's attitude. This research is literature research, which is analyzed using the method of description, interpretation, and data analysis. The discussion in this study includes the notion of motivation, some motivational theories, types, and models of motivation, models of application of motivation theory in Educational Institutions, as well as several forms of motivation in Islamic Education. The results showed that Motivation in organizations is indeed very important to discuss in the study of organizational behavior. Because every personnel or member of the organization needs motivation, both from within oneself and from others, for that if someone has been encouraged or motivated, someone's performance will increase it will speed up the process of completing tasks and responsibilities at work.