bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of a New Lightweight Lorawan Gps Biologger and Deployment on Griffon Vultures Gyps Fulvus
Authors: Gauld Jethro , Atkinson Philip W. , Silva João P , Senn Andreas , Franco Aldina M. A.
Published: October 2022

1. Information provided by tracking studies using satellite telemetry is providing ecologists with invaluable new insights into animal behaviour and movement strategies. Here we describe a new type of GPS (global positioning system) tracking device which makes use of a growing network of LoRaWAN (long range, low power wide area network) gateways. These tags have the potential to be a low weight and power consumption solution. 2. We characterise the GPS accuracy and data transmission range, including uplinks and downlinks, for the tracker using a series of standardised tests. Data transmission range was tested by visiting locations with line of sight to the LoRa gateway at distances up to 75km and recording whether data transmission was completed successfully from each location. These tests were complemented by a trial deployment of six devices on Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus. 3. These LoRa tags reliably provided accurate GPS location estimates, particularly on shorter location acquisition cycles. At one-minute intervals the GPS location bias was 4.71m in the horizontal plane and 5m in the vertical plane while GPS precision, measured by standard deviation, was 3.9m in horizontal space and 7.7m in vertical space. GPS locations were less accurate on a longer acquisition cycle but still comparable with other commercially available tags. Ground based range tests revealed reliable transmission of multiple data payloads was recorded from a maximum distance of 40.7km. Initial results from a deployment on Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus yielded useful information about flight speeds, height and transmission range during the first two weeks after tag deployment. 4. The LoRa tags demonstrated potential for effective use in the study of animal movement. The small size and power needs allows for flexibility in which combination of battery, solar panel, and housing they are paired with meaning that fully assembled tags can weigh less than 5g. The LoRaWAN gateway network does not yet allow global coverage, hence at present, this solution is best suited to the study of colonial species, where gateways can be installed on site, or species with consistent migration routes.
A new anthropometric model for body composition estimation in the assessment of metabolic risk factors of obese women
Authors: Dahlmann Nicolaus , Klingmüller² Dietrich
Published: October 2022

Background
Excessive body fat is associated with disorders defined as Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The study sets out to uncover the underlying mechanisms of MetS pathogenesis comparing metabolic and inflammatory variables with increasing amounts of fat mass (FM). Aiming to solve this issue, the study refers to an anthropometric model named Dahlmann-Body-Analysis (DBA) to define the percentage of fat mass (%FM).
Methods
A data set of 61 severely obese women were analysed. All subjects had a BMI > 30 kg/m². Body weight (W), body height (Ht), hand circumference (HdC) and the circumference of the abdomen (AC) were measured and processed by the DBA model. The result is the percentage of fat mass (%FM), which is compared to data, produced by a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device. Anthropometric data are statistically compared with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the MetS risk factors triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and the parameters C-reactive protein (CRP) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) using receiver operating curves (ROC) based on sensitivity and specificity, area under curve (AUC), correlation coefficients and regression analysis.
Results
The average %FM was about 50%, meaning that 44% of subjects suffered from MetS. The overall pattern of correlation coefficients revealed that none of the adiposity indices like BMI, AC, AC/Ht and %FM (BIA or DBA) is of crucial advantage to detect metabolic risk factors. AUC values of the different obesity indices detecting MetS reached values between 0.63 and 0.75 representing a low discrimination power in the diagnose of MetS. Associations between body fat mass measured by the DBA system (%FM-DBA) and the systolic blood pressure and seven metabolic risk factors showed a significantly rising linear relationship for the parameters Insulin, HOMA-IR, HDL-C and CRP. The corresponding correlation coefficients are r > 0.30. The parameters Glucose, TG, LDL-C and SBP had correlation coefficients r < 0.12.
Conclusions
To our knowledge, it is the first time that biochemical parameters and blood pressure are associated with increasing amounts of fat mass in human adults. The waist circumference (WC) as part of the MetS definition should be replaced by direct or indirect measurements of body fat estimation to give reliable information on individuals.
Construction and validation of a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature for the prediction of the prognosis of LUAD and LUSC
Authors: Wang Yu , Xiao Xu , Li Yan
Published: October 2022

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide, with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) accounting for the majority of cases. Cuproptosis, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have been demonstrated to be associated with tumorigenesis. The objective of the present study was to develop a novel cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature to assess the association between cuproptosis and TIME in patients with LUAD or LUSC and to predict prognosis. Based on the outputs of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model, a cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature was developed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated to confirm the predictive ability of the signature. Univariate and multivariate analysis was also performed to determine the association between overall survival and this signature and other clinical characteristics, and a nomogram was created. Additionally, the relationship between the signature, TIME, tumor mutation burden and m6A methylation was established. The results of the present study revealed that 8 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were associated with the prognosis of patients with LUAD and LUSC. This novel cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature is associated with TIME and m6A methylation in LUAD and LUSC and can predict prognosis with accuracy.
The interplay between NLRP3 and S1P in Egyptian Metastatic and Non- Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients and their potential diagnostic implications
Authors: Soltan Anas R. , kamal Amany M. , El-Shimy Reham A.A. , El-Mesallamy Hala O.
Published: October 2022

Background
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and is considered the main cause of death in women worldwide. Metastatic BC is a state when cancerous cells spread to other tissues, including lung, bone, liver and brain. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is emerging as a key regulator of proliferation, inflammation, vasculogenesis and resistance to apoptotic cell death. There is increasing evidence of a role of S1P receptors [e.g. sphingosine phosphate 4 (S1P4) and sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1)] in cancer, where overexpression of these proteins in estrogen receptor (ER) negative BC patients is linked to aggressive disease and poor prognosis. It has been discovered that the bioactive lipid metabolite S1P can act as a damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), and in vitro, it induced Nod-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) dependent activation of caspase-1 and secretion of interleukin-1b (IL-1b).
Objective
evaluate serum levels of S1P and NLRP3 to clarify the role of these markers in metastatic and non-metastatic BC patients and examine their potential as reliable novel diagnostic biomarkers.
Methods
The study involved 26 Egyptian female patients diagnosed with metastatic BC (stage 4) and 30 Egyptian female patient diagnosed with non-metastatic BC (stages 0, 1, 2 and 3). NLRP3, S1P and cancer antigen15.3 (CA 15.3) serum levels were analyzed using ELISA technique.
Results
The results revealed significantly lower serum levels of NLRP3 and S1P in non-metastatic and metastatic BC Egyptian patients compared to the healthy Egyptian female-control group (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that S1P has a promising good diagnostic utility in late-stage BC while NLRP3 has a moderate diagnostic utility in early and late BC.
Conclusion
NLRP3 and S1P could be promising novel diagnostic biomarkers of BC.
Knowledge of nosocomial infections, standard precautions, and source of information among physiotherapy undergraduates in Sri Lanka; an observational study
Authors: Rubasinghe Sahan , Priyadarshani Kokila , Wijesundara Pramodha , Ramyamala Singappulige , Lakmal Krishantha , Bandara Anuradhi , Dasanayaka Renuka
Published: October 2022

Background:
The physiotherapists are one of the first contact health care professionals’ and physiotherapy undergraduates should have sufficient knowledge of nosocomial infections, standard precautions, and hand hygiene even during their training period. Hence the purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of nosocomial infections, standard precautions, and source of information among physiotherapy undergraduates in Sri Lanka.
Methods:
Descriptive cross sectional Google based survey study was conducted with the participation of 294 of physiotherapy undergraduates in University of Peradeniya (n = 103), University of Colombo (n = 103), and Kotalawala Defense University (n = 88). Self-constructed data sheets for socio-demographic and source of information and Infection Control Standardized Questionnaire consisted with 3 domains; knowledge of nosocomial infections, standard precautions and hand hygiene was used for data collection.
Results:
76.50% (n = 225) participants have achieved adequate level of total knowledge and have average knowledge 67.14 ± 16.831, 84.41 ± 14.679 and 66.41 ± 15.408 on the nosocomial infections, standard precautions and hand hygiene respectively. 28.31% (n = 83) have equally mentioned, formal teaching at faculty and informal sources as the most important source of knowledge. There was no significant impact of the university and the duration of clinical exposure on knowledge of nosocomial infections, standard precautions, hand hygiene and total knowledge. The study year have a significant impact and the final year undergraduates have higher knowledge compare with other study years. Female group has significant impact on total knowledge.
Conclusion:
Knowledge of nosocomial infections and infection control measures are satisfactory among the physiotherapy undergraduates in Sri Lanka. Nevertheless, for further development of formal sources of information on nosocomial infections are recommended.
Predictors for metamorphopsia in eyes undergoing macular hole surgery
Authors: Takeyama Asuka , Imamura Yutaka , Fujimoto Taichi , Iida Toshiya , Komiya Yuko , Shibata Masaki , Ishida Masahiro
Published: October 2022

Metamorphopsia is an important visual symptom of macular disease. We determined predictors for metamorphopsia investigating the relationships of macular hole (MH) diameter and retinal layer thicknesses with metamorphopsia after MH surgery. Forty-two eyes of 42 consecutive patients undergoing MH surgery were retrospectively studied. Metamorphopsia was measured with M-CHARTS. Inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer retinal layer (OR) thicknesses were measured 1000 µm away from central fovea at using Spectralis. Preoperative M-CHARTS scores correlated with MH diameters (P = 0.007–0.031) and changes of temporal OR thickness (P = 0.008–0.010). Postoperative M-CHARTS score at 3 months correlated with preoperative nasal and inferior OR thicknesses (P = 0.003 and 0.016) and with changes of superior INL at 3 and 6 months (P = 0.011 and 0.025), and score at 1 month with change of temporal OR at 6 months (P = 0.033). Postoperative improvement of M-CHARTS scores correlated with changes of temporal INL and superior OR (P = 0.026 and 0.002). Multiple regression analysis revealed that MH diameter was a significant predictor for metamorphopsia. Photoreceptor displacement and inner retinal change may generate metamorphopsia in MH undergoing surgery, however MH diameter is the most powerful predictor.
Is Ranking Advantage Equal to Market Power? —An Empirical Study of E-Commerce Platforms
Authors: Qu Chuang , Liu Hanzhen , Wang Sai
Published: October 2022

Given that consumers’ ordered search and sales are concentrated on leading merchants on Internet platforms, this paper theoretically discusses and empirically tests the relationship between ranking position and merchants’ market power on Internet platforms. Top-ranked merchants do indeed have stronger pricing power, which reflects the importance of location competition in the online market. The market power of mid-ranked merchants may be weaker than that of bottom-ranked merchants because ranking position has the function of screening consumer preferences. Under the ordered search, bottom-ranked merchants face fewer consumers, but their demand preferences are more concentrated.
Retroperitoneal lymphangioma as the final diagnosis of a middle-aged woman with abdominal pain
Authors: Aghdaei Hamid Asadzadeh , Rabbani Amirhassan , Sadeghi Amir , Rezvani Hamid , Sherkat Ghazal , Salarieh Naghmeh , Moghadam Pardis Ketabi
Published: October 2022

Lymphangiomas are lesions attributed to the congenital malformations of lymphatic system or acquired chronic obstruction of the lymphatic network due to trauma, radiation, surgical manipulation, inflammation or infection. Overall, lymaphangiomas are rare and particularly retroperitoneal lymphangiomas are far more uncommon per reported cases. In this study, we have introduced a middle-aged woman admitted to the gastroenterology unit with a progressive abdominal pain since approximately one month before her visit. She was found to have a retroperitoneal lymphangioma after a precise medical work up.
A novel in vitro senescent model of intervertebral disc degeneration induced by D-galactose
Authors: Zhang Shuwen , Ma Zhanbin , Sheng Weibin , Wang Hao
Published: October 2022

Background
Nucleus pulposus cell (NPCs) senescence within degenerative intervertebral discs is associated with the occurrence and progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). However, there is no reliable method to induce NPCs senescence in vitro. The aim of this study was to establish a reliable and robust cell senescent model using D-galactose (D-Gal) to induce oxidative stress in NPCs.
Methods
NPCs were isolated from Sprague Dawley rats, cultured and incubated with increasing concentrations of D-Gal. Cell viability, cell cycle, senescence-associated makers and extracellular matrix were detected to evaluate the effect of D-Gal on NPCs. The migration and polarization of macrophage were observed by transwell and flow cytometry. Finally, the oxidative stress mechanism of D-Gal induced NPCs senescence was analysed by flow cytometry and absorbance analysis.
Results
Cell viability and cell cycle analyses revealed that D-Gal induced senescence by blocking DNA synthesis and decreasing NPCs proliferation. Furthermore, a dose-dependent increase in senescence-associated makers in D-Gal induced NPCs. RT-PCR analysis revealed an increase in mRNA expression of key senescence related secretory phenotype (SASP) components. Extracellular matrix was significantly decreased along with the cell senescence. Transwell and flow cytometry revealed that senescent NPC-conditioned media triggered macrophage migration and polarization. The increased of reactive oxygen species (ROS), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were associated with the senescence of NPCs induced by D-Gal.
Conclusions
The results suggest that D-Gal treatment successfully induced NPCs senescence and SASP secretion. Thus, D-Gal-induced NPCs senescence is a reliable and robust cell model to study IVDD.
Ca2+ depletion in the ER causes store-operated Ca2+ entry via the TRPC6 channel in mouse brown adipocytes
Authors: Hayato Ryotaro , Matsumoto Takaya
Published: October 2022

Mitochondrial uncoupling by β3-adrenergic activation or an uncoupler (FCCP) causes Ca2+ release from the mitochondria and subsequent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), evoking store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) due to Ca2+ depletion from the ER in rodent brown adipocytes. In this study, we investigated how Ca2+ depletion from the ER elicits SOCE in mouse brown adipocytes using fluorometry of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). The application of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), a reversible sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) pump blocker in the ER, caused an increase in [Ca2+]i. Moreover, CPA-induced SOCE was suppressed by the application of a Ca2+-free Krebs solution and the transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) blockers, which were 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), ML-9, and GsMTx-4. Application of TRPC6 channel analog 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) and flufenamic acid elicited Ca2+ entry. Moreover, our RT-PCR analyses detected mRNAs for TRPC6, STIM1, and Orai1 in brown adipose tissues. In addition, western blot analyses showed the expression of the TRPC6 protein. Thus, TRPC6 is one of the Ca2+ pathways involved in SOCE, and Ca2+ entry is directly linked to mitochondrial uncoupling, which is involved in the late phase of β3-adrenergic or FCCP-induced [Ca2+]i increases. These modes of Ca2+ entry provide the basis for heat production via activation of Ca2+-dependent dehydrogenase and the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) proteins. Enhancing thermogenic metabolism in brown adipocytes may serve as broad therapeutic utility to reduce obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Phospho heavy-labeled-spiketide FAIMS stepped-CV DDA (pHASED) provides real-time phosphoproteomics data to aid in cancer drug selection
Authors: Staudt Dilana E. , Murray Heather C. , Skerrett-Byrne David A. , Smith Nathan D. , Jamaluddin Muhammad F. , Kahl Richard G.S. , Duchatel Ryan J. , Germon Zacary P. , McLachlan Tabitha , Jackson Evangeline R. , Findlay Izac J. , Kearney Padraic S. , Mannan Abdul , McEwen Holly P. , Douglas Alicia M. , Nixon Brett , Verrills Nicole M. , Dun Matthew D.
Published: October 2022

Global high-throughput phosphoproteomic profiling is increasingly being applied to cancer specimens to identify the oncogenic signaling cascades responsible for promoting disease initiation and disease progression; pathways that are often invisible to genomics analysis. Hence, phosphoproteomic profiling has enormous potential to inform and improve individualized anti-cancer treatment strategies. However, to achieve the adequate phosphoproteomic depth and coverage necessary to identify the activated, and hence, targetable kinases responsible for driving oncogenic signaling pathways; affinity phosphopeptide enrichment techniques are required and often coupled with offline high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation prior to nanoflow liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). These complex and time-consuming procedures, limit the utility of phosphoproteomics for the analysis of individual cancer patient specimens in real-time, and restrict phosphoproteomics to specialized laboratories often outside of the clinical setting. To address these limitations, here we have optimized a new protocol, phospho-Heavy-labeled-spiketide FAIMS Stepped-CV DDA (pHASED), that employs online phosphoproteome deconvolution using high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and internal phosphopeptide standards to provide accurate label-free quantitation (LFQ) data in real-time. Compared with traditional single-shot LFQ phosphoproteomics workflows, pHASED provided increased phosphoproteomic depth and coverage (phosphopeptides = 4,617 pHASED, 2,789 LFQ), whilst eliminating the variability associated with offline prefractionation. pHASED was optimized using tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib) resistant isogenic FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line models. Bioinformatic analysis identified differential activation of the Serine/threonine protein kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathway, responsible for sensing and repairing DNA damage in sorafenib-resistant AML cell line models, thereby uncovering a potential therapeutic opportunity. Herein, we have optimized a rapid, reproducible, and flexible protocol for the characterization of complex cancer phosphoproteomes in real-time; a step towards the implementation of phosphoproteomics in the clinic to aid in the selection of anti-cancer therapies for patients.
Obstetric and neonatal outcomes: antiseizure medication profile and seizure types in pregnant women in a vulnerability state, Brazil
Authors: Leite Magnúcia de Lima , Silva José Claudio da , de Oliveira Tales Lyra , Ortiz Sandra Regina Mota , Almeida Daniel dos Santos , Toporcov Tatiana Natasha
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To describe obstetric and neonatal outcomes, the profile of antiseizure medication (ASM), and types of seizures in pregnant women with epilepsy (PWWE) in Alagoas.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study using data collected from the medical records of PWWE and pregnant women without epilepsy (control group) between 2008 and 2020, PWWE/PWNE aged < 40 years (controlled seizures or refractory epilepsy) were included. Medical records were obtained from high-risk maternity hospitals in Alagoas.

Results

The obstetric and neonatal outcomes observed in PWWE were pregnancy-related hypertension (PrH) (odds ratio [OR] = 6.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.50–11.30), vaginal bleeding (OR = 2.54; 95% CI = 1.15–5.59), preeclampsia (OR = 8.04; 95% CI = 2.22–29.10), oligohydramnyos OR = 4,57; 95% CI = 2.24–9,31), polyhydramnios (OR = 7.55; 95% CI = 1.55–36.65), miscarriage (OR = 1.75;95% CI = 1.16–2.63), stillbirth (OR = 11,16; 95% CI = 2.22–29.10), greater likelihood of PrH in those with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) (OR = 8.05; 95% CI = 3.47–18.64), greater likelihood of maternal ICU admission in those with GTCS and status epilepticus (OR = 11.73; 95% CI = 2.44–56.37 vs. OR = 37.50; 95% CI = 8.32–168.84, respectively) and phenytoin and lamotrigine use (OR = 17.75; 95% CI = 1.95–160.77 vs. OR = 7.10; 95% CI = 1.03–48.64). PWWE with GTCS had a higher chance for stillbirth (OR = 3.41; 95% CI = 1.03–11.28). and status epilepticus were more likely to deliver prematurely (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.05–4.69). PWWE with status epilepticus had higher odds of using lamotrigine (OR = 21,91; 95% CI = 2.07–231.60). Phenobarbital(PB) with diazepam was the most commonly used drug by PWWE with GTCS and status epilepticus (OR = 12.04; 95% CI = 1.43–101.47). Only 14% of PWWE did not use, 50.2% used monotherapy, and 35.8% used polytherapy. Phenobarbital was the most commonly used ASM (60.9%), followed by carbamazepine (25.2%).

Conclusion

This study described adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes in PWWE. Many pregnant women with epilepsy used ASM, showing a positive association with adverse outcomes and more severe seizure types.
Urinary Tobacco-specific Nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014
Authors: Ge Song
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Tobacco and tobacco smoke contain a class of carcinogens called tobacco-specific nitrosamines. A metabolite of tobacco-specific nitrosamine is 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-Butanol (NNAL). We aimed to examine the association between urinary tobacco-specific NNAL (free NNAL plus NNAL-glucuronide) and cognitive functioning among a nationally representative sample of U.S. older adults.

Method

A total of 1,673 older adults aged 60 and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 were included. Urinary tobacco-specific NNAL was collected in mobile health centers and analyzed in the laboratory. Cognitive functioning was measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL) immediate and delayed memory tests, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Test-specific and global cognition z-scores were calculated based on means and standard deviations (SD) of the cognitive test scores. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to examine the independent association between quantiles of urinary tobacco-specific NNAL (reference: the lowest quantile) and cognitive test-specific and global cognition z-scores controlling for age, race/ethnicity, education, depressive symptoms, smoking status, body mass index, prevalent coronary heart disease, stroke, and systolic blood pressure.

Results

About half of the participants (mean age 69.8 years, SD 6.8) were female (52.1%), non-Hispanic White (48.3%), and completed some college and above (49.7%). Multivariate linear regressions showed that higher quantiles of urinary tobacco-specific NNAL, compared with the lowest quantile, was significantly associated with lower AFT (beta [β] -0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.27, -0.04), DSST (β -0.25, 95% CI -0.35, -0.14), and global cognition (β -0.15, 95% CI -0.27, -0.04) z-scores controlling for the covariates.

Conclusions

Higher urinary tobacco-specific NNAL was associated with worse cognitive functioning in older adults. Prevention and reduction of active or passive exposure to tobacco in older adults may help protect their cognitive functioning.
The benefits of the microalgae Spirulina and Schizochytrium in fish nutrition: a meta-analysis
Authors: Trevi S. , Webster T.M. Uren , Consuegra S. , de Leaniz C. Garcia
Published: October 2022

Use of microalgae in fish nutrition can relieve pressure on wild fish stocks, but there is no systematic quantitative evaluation of microalgae benefits. We conducted a metanalysis on the nutritional benefits of Spirulina and Schizochytrium as replacements of fishmeal and fish or plant oil, respectively. We reviewed 50 peer-reviewed studies involving 26 finfish species and 144 control vs microalgae replacement comparisons. Inclusion of Spirulina in the fish diet significantly improved growth compared to controls (SMD = 1.21; 95%CI = 0.71–1.70), while inclusion of Schizochytrium maintained the content of omega-3 PUFA of the fish fillet compared to fish fed on fish or plant oils (SMD = 0.62; 95%CI = -0.51-1.76). Benefits were apparent at replacement levels as low as 0.025% in the case of Spirulina and 10% in the case of Schizochytrium oil. Dose-dependent effects were found for Spirulina replacement on growth, but not for Schizochytrium on omega-3 fillet content. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression revealed that ~ 24–27% of variation in effect sizes can be accounted by variation between fish families, the rest likely reflecting variation in experimental conditions. Overall, the evidence indicates that Spirulina and Schizochytrium replacement in aquafeeds can be used to improve fish growth and maintain fillet quality, respectively, but considerable uncertainty exists on the predicted responses. To reduce uncertainty and facilitate the transition towards more sustainable aquafeeds, we recommend that feeding trials using microalgae are conducted under commercially relevant conditions and that greater care is taken to report full results to account for sources of heterogeneity.
The role of vaccination and public awareness in forecasts of monkeypox incidence in the United Kingdom
Authors: Brand Samuel , Cavallaro Massimo , Cumming Fergus , Turner Charlie , Florence Isaac , Blomquist Paula , Hilton Joe , Guzman-Rincon Laura , House Thomas , Nokes James , Keeling Matt
Published: October 2022

Since May 2022, monkeypox virus (MPXV) has spread rapidly in high-income countries through close human-to-human contact primarily amongst communities of gay, bisexual and men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Behavioural change arising from increased knowledge and health warnings may have reduced the rate of transmission and Vaccinia-based vaccination is likely to be an effective longer-term intervention. We investigate the UK epidemic presenting 26-week projections using a stochastic discrete-population transmission model which includes GBMSM status, rate of formation of new sexual partnerships, and clique partitioning of the population. We find that MPXV cases peaked in mid-July, declining due to decreased transmission rate per infected individual and infection-induced immunity among GBMSM, especially those with the highest rate of new partners. We predict cases will remain low from October 2022 to March 2023 (20-65 cases a week), and a rebound in cases due to behaviour reversion prevented by high-risk group-targeted vaccination.
An area-based metrics to evaluate risk in failure mode and effects analysis under uncertainties
Authors: Suo Bin , Yan Ying , Tang Jiayin
Published: October 2022

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used, powerful tool to identify and assess potential failure modes in products and to make products more reliable. Due to the complexity of products and lack of knowledge, FMEA involves many uncertainties in practice. In previous studies, numerous modified FMEA methods based on fuzzy logic and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) evidence theory have been employed to address these uncertainties. These studies focus on how to handle uncertainties and to identify a more reliable prioritization of risk priority numbers (RPNs). However, studies have not sufficiently examined how many uncertainties are present in resulting RPNs. To better model and process various types of uncertainties in FMEA, two new area-based metrics are constructed in this paper. One is the interval area metric (IAM), which is used in RPN representation. The other is the dimensionless uncertainty metric (DUM), which is used to measure how many uncertainties there are in RPN. IAM is used to rank the risks in failure modes, and DUM is used to rank the uncertainties in failure modes. Then, an expert system is presented to qualitatively evaluate the DUM, which can help FMEA users intuitively judge whether further investigation should be performed to alleviate the epistemic uncertainties in each failure mode. Finally, a practical risk evaluation case regarding the grinding wheel system of a numerically controlled (NC) machine is provided to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the proposed FMEA.
Auf der Suche nach Gesundheitsinformationen im Internet
Authors: Pendl Dominik , Maitz Katharina , Gasteiger-Klicpera Barbara
Published: October 2022

Das Internet stellt eine bedeutende Anlaufstelle in der Beschaffung von Gesundheitsinformationen dar, insbesondere für junge Menschen. Für eine gezielte Informationssuche und Quellenbewertung fehlen Kindern und Jugendlichen jedoch oft Wissen und Erfahrung. Der vorliegende Artikel widmet sich dem Online-Rechercheverhalten von Schüler:innen. Die Fragestellungen bezogen sich auf das Rechercheverhalten von Schüler:innen bei der Onlinesuche zu einer vorgegebenen gesundheitsbezogenen Frage. Zudem interessierten Unterschiede im Rechercheverhalten nach Geschlecht und Klassenstufe sowie der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Rechercheverhalten, der internetbezogenen Gesundheitskompetenz und dem Gebrauch internetfähiger Geräte. Mithilfe der Aufzeichnung und Auswertung von Logdaten und einer Fragebogenerhebung wurde von November 2018 bis Februar 2019 das Suchverhalten von 170 österreichischen Schüler:innen der Sekundarstufe I (6., 7. und 8. Klassenstufe) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass im Durchschnitt 3,4 Suchanfragen gestellt wurden. Schüler:innen, die häufiger internetfähige Geräte für schulische Zwecke nutzten, stellten mehr Suchanfragen. Weiters stellten Schüler:innen, die das erste Suchresultat anklickten, weniger Suchanfragen und jüngere (6. Klassenstufe) Schüler:innen riefen häufiger das erste Suchresultat auf. Zur Beantwortung der gesundheitsbezogenen Frage wurden vorwiegend Textbestandteile aus wikipedia.org und patienten.thromboseportal.eu kopiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Schüler:innen beim Einschätzen von Gesundheitsinformationen aus mehreren Quellen und Erkennen über die kommerziellen Interessen von Websitebetreiber:innen aufgeklärt werden müssen.
THE DIAGNOSTIC AND ETIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION OF SECTIONAL IMAGING IN DEAFNESS (ABOUT 80 CASES)
Authors:   Radiology Department of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Point G Bamako-Mali., Traore Ousmane ,   Radiology Department of the August 20 Hospital, CHU Ibn Rochd - Casablanca - Morocco., Bouknani Nawal ,   Radiology Department of the Cheikh Khalifa Hospital Casablanca - Morocco., Wakrim Soukaina ,   Radiology Department of the CHU Souss Massa Agadir - Morocco., Diarra Ouncoumba ,   Radiology Department of the Reference Health Center of Commune III of Bamako-MALI., Moussali Nadia ,   Radiology Department of the August 20 Hospital, CHU Ibn Rochd - Casablanca - Morocco., Diallo Mahamadou ,   Radiology Department of the CHU Gabriel TourÃ© Bamako-Mali., El Benna Naima ,   Radiology Department of the August 20 Hospital, CHU Ibn Rochd - Casablanca - Morocco., Diaman Keita Adama ,   Radiology Department of the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Point G Bamako-Mali.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Deafness is defined as hearing impairments that can occur at any age and can be of genetic or idiopathic origin. They can occur both abruptly and gradually. The aim of this work is to underline the diagnostic and above all etiological contribution of spiral CT and MRI during deafness, which makes it possible to orient the therapeutic conduct. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective work on patients explored in the radiology department of August 20 Hospital in Casablanca for deafness apart from chronic otitis media and post-traumatic deafness, between March 2012 and December 2013. 43 patients were explored by computed tomography (CT) of the rocks with multiplanar reconstructions (16 strips) and 37 patients were explored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1.5 Tesla. Results: There were 80 patients with an average age of 42 years. There was a female predominance (55 women for 25 men). Hearing loss was bilateral (75%), usually symmetrical 3 times greater than unilateral involvement (25%). This deafness was sudden in 30 patients (37.5%) and progressive installation in 50 patients (62.5%). Conductive hearing loss was found in 22 cases (27.5%), sensorineural hearing loss in 22 cases (27.5%) and mixed hearing loss in 36 cases (45%). The etiological diagnoses were as follows: 18 cases of otosclerosis (22.5%), 7 cases of CSL agenesis (8.75%), 10 cases of cerebellopontine angle tumor (12.5%), 12 cases of paraganglioma jugulo - tympanic (15%), 7 cases of vasculo-nervous crossing (8.75%) and 26 cases which turned out to be normal (32.5%). Conclusion: The determination of the causes of deafness has greatly benefited from the development of medical imaging. They benefit from medical and/or surgical treatment essentially depending on their mechanism, their severity and the results of imaging based on the CT-MRI pair.
The experience of the Republican Research Centre for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology in the implementation of the Union State measure to provide comprehensive medical care to the population affected by the Chernobyl disaster
Authors: Rozhko A. V.
Published: October 2022

The implementation of targeted medical care to the population of the Republic of Belarus and Russia affected by the Chernobyl disaster is carried out within the framework of national targeted programs, as part of the Union State event «Providing comprehensive medical care to certain categories of citizens of Belarus and Russia exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster» based on medical centers in Russia and Belarus. The relevance of the Measure for the provision of certain types of specialized, including hightech, medical care to citizens of the Republic of Belarus exposed to radiation as a result of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is based on the data on morbidity. The analysis of diseases showed an increase in morbidity rates for such nosological forms as chronic renal failure, secondary and tertiary hypoparathyroidism, diseases of the retina and vitreous body, immunodeficiency states, varicose veins of the lower extremities, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphomas in children. On the territory of the Republic of Belarus in 2016-2021, the provision of comprehensive medical care within the framework of the Measure was carried out at the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology. In 2016-2021, on the base of the Republican Research Centre for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology 1607 citizens of the Republic of Belarus who suffered from the Chernobyl disaster received high-tech and specialized medical care (in 2016 – 238, in 2017 – 260, in 2018 – 264, in 2019 – 264, in 2020 – 278, in 2021 – 303). The main part of medical care was provided in the surgical applications: transplantation of the kidney and parathyroid glands, surgeries on the posterior segment of the eye, reconstructive surgeries of the pelvic floor in women, laser vein correction. The successful implementation of the Measure in 2016–2021 made it possible to work out the possibility of holding the Measure of the Union State for subsequent years, specifying the amount of funding and additional volumes of comprehensive medical care for citizens in need who were exposed to radiation due to the Chernobyl disaster.
Analysis of correspondence between the current individual monitoring system of internal exposure caused by plutonium intake and the relevant ICRP recommendations
Authors: Sokolova A. B. , Efimov A. V. , Dzhunushaliev A. B.
Published: October 2022

Individual dosimetry monitoring of occupational internal exposure due to plutonium intake is performed by the bioassay method which measures the plutonium isotopes in daily urine samples. Then, to estimate normalized values (committed effective dose and intake), biokinetic and dosimetry models are used. The currently valid major instruments of radiation safety in the Russian Federation are based on the requirements and approaches outlined in Publications 68 and 78 of the International Commission on Radiobiological Protection. In implementing the requirements of Publication 130 there will be a need for updating the Russian guidance documents to the new requirements. The purpose of this study was the analysis of correspondence of the current system of individual monitoring of internal exposure caused by plutonium intake to the relevant recommendations of the International Commission on Radiobiological Protection outlined in Publication 130 by the example of the FSUE “Mayak PA” production conditions. As a result of the study, the values of annual limit of plutonium intake were determined based on new biokitetic and dosimetry models, and the measured values were calculated during the current dosimetry monitoring corresponding to the value of committed effective dose limit for Category A, B personnel and women under 45 years of age. It was found that following the introduction of new requirements of the International Commission on Radiobiological Protection for Type M compounds, an intake of more than 1/4 of annual limit of plutonium intake could be determined within a year after intake using the method of alpha spectrometry. To determine an intake of 1/20 of annual limit of intake at the recommended interval of 180 days between measurements, it is necessary to use inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For the personnel working with insoluble compounds of plutonium, an intake of one annual limit of intake and 1/4 of annual limit of intake can be determined using mass spectrometry, and 1/20 of annual limit of intake can be determined using only a more sensitive method.
Assessment of the river flow regimes over the Chitral and Gilgit Basins, Pakistan, under IPCC climate change scenarios using the HyMoLAP-SM model
Authors: Hassan Syed Ahmad , Khan Mehwish Shafi
Published: October 2022

Modelling the river flow process during uncertain climatic conditions is a challenging task. This paper attempts to apply the hydrological model based on the least action principle (HyMoLAP) at Chitral and Gilgit stations with few modifications. The topographic wetness index, the concept of degree-day factor and snowmelt (SM) using the snow cover area (SCA) have been incorporated into the improved HyMoLAP-SM structure. It is found that the HyMoLAP-SM model significantly enhanced the accuracy of the river flow estimation and forecast. Furthermore, the model seems highly sensitive to the choice of nonlinearity parameter and moderately sensitive to SM coefficients. Moreover, the response of river flow to climate change scenarios has been projected by utilizing modelled outcomes under temperature and precipitation variations. Overall, the results suggest that average river flow may get increased (reduced) by about 60% (40%) by the increase (decrease) in temperature. On the other hand, an increase (decrease) in precipitation at Chitral (Gilgit) may increase (decrease) the average flow by about 27% (200%) [19% (8%)] at the respective station. These results may be utilized for future flood/agricultural planning in Pakistan. Additionally, results obtained in this study may not be applicable to other geographical regions or interchangeable with other modelling purpose.
Medical Ethics Knowledge and Attitude Among Dental Students from Two Universities in The Middle East
Authors: Nassar Afnan A. , Salama Rabab I.
Published: October 2022

Background:

Dentists are obligated to provide patients with ethical and harmless treatment.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of medical ethics among dental students in two dental faculties in the Middle East.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study using a validated online self-administrated questionnaire was completed by dental students who started clinical training at Mansoura University, Egypt, and from Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for the statistical analysis.

Results:

Participants were 649 dental students. About 77% of Mansoura’s students were aware of the Hippocratic Oath compared to 89.6% of UQU students (p=0.000). No significant difference was found between the two faculties in the presence of ethical topics in their curriculum and the mode of teaching. About 67% of respondents reported obtaining written consent from UQU patients compared to only 10.5% of Mansoura’s patients. Nearly 86.3% and 63.3% of dental students at Mansoura and UQU, respectively, believed that they knew the best, irrespective of the patients’ opinion. In case of any wrongdoing during treatment, 88.7% of Mansoura’s and 93.9% of UQU students agreed to inform the patients. Regarding patient autonomy, only 51.2% and 65.3% of dental students at Mansoura and UQU, respectively, respected the patient’s wishes during treatment., The majority of students from both faculties had less knowledge regarding services and duties related to the ethical committee.

Conclusion:

Gaps in knowledge, attitude and practices of medical ethics were found among dental students of the two faculties, especially among Mansoura’s students. Attention should be paid to improving the present situation.
Reference Books and Study Methods for the Kwabu 科賦 Writing in the Late Period of Chosŏn
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Lee Sang-Wook
Published: October 2022

This study explores the study method of Chosŏn Kwabu科賦 and its stylistic characteristics in the late period of Chosŏn. Kwabu was the only writing genre that had been tested in both low-level (小科) and high-level 大科 examinations in Chosŏn. Kwabu was usually made up of 30 paired phrases and each phrase was composed of 6 classical Chinese characters. Moreover, it ignored rhymes and rules of versifications which had been considered core features of the traditional Bu 賦 genre. Kwabu has received relatively little attention on the characteristics of this style of writing and its cultural significance, especially in the late periods of Chosŏn. This study investigates two Kwabu reference books in order to discuss its study methods and its core evaluation criteria.
This article shall proceed in the following way: first, it examines the philological features of two reference books, Sobuhwibang騷賦彙芳, and Sodaeyuji小大由之. Especially the way of content structuring of each book will be closely examined in this part. Second, it looks at the content of two reference books to understand their way of preparation against the Kwabu writing. Third, based on the previous parts, this article discusses the studying methods and the evaluation standard of Kwabu. In particular, it focuses on historical changes in its studying methods by comparing them with the one suggested by Lee Sik 李植(1584~1647) in the mid-seventeenth century. This article traces, in conclusion, which literary qualities were mainly tested in the Chosŏn civil examination system.
A Study on the Perception of ‘Jeong-jo(正祖)’ for ‘Xiaohe(萧何)’
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Lee Si-Yeon
Published: October 2022

Hwaseong Fortress(水原 華城), which was built by the 22nd King Jeong- jo(正祖) of the Joseon Dynasty by mobilizing all the best intellectuals of the time and aggregating Eastern and Western construction techniques in the 18th century, can be said to be the highlight of the fortress architecture in the early modern era. However, the reason why King Jeongjo built Hwaseong Fortress has not been confirmed, with only various speculations so far. This is because King Jeong-jo built Hwaseong Fortress, but he could not implement his specific plan based on it. Nevertheless, we can find hints about the true meaning of King Jeongjo's construction of Hwaseong through numerous works and words and actions left by King Jeongjo. In this paper, we would like to give a clue to the intention of the construction of Hwaseong Fortress by examining King Jeong-jo's perception of the character “Xiaohe(蕭何)” in History.
King Jeong-jo interpreted Han Go-jo(漢 高祖) as a wise and prudent figure and projected himself to Go-jo. In addition, Jeong-jo dream that a servant such as Soha, who accurately read Gojo's intentions, laid the foundation for the early days of the founding with excellent judgment and administrative ability, and became the strategic director of the construction of Weiyanggeong(未央宮) Palace and realized Go-jo's dream. Jeong-jo emphasizes that Xiaohe was able to show his talent because he met rapidly changing era throughout, and that he was able to fulfill his calling because he had a breast that recognized and trusted him. In addition, King Jeong-jo judged that it was a time when new changes such as the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty were needed, and interpreted the construction intention of Weiyanggeong Palace anew and used it as an excellent transcription of Hwaseong construction. As if to prove this, Jeong-jo likens Hwaseong to Weiyanggeong through poetry.
This move of Jeong-jo was an expression of confidence that he was ready, and now if a wise god like Soha appeared, he could revitalize Joseon just as the Han Dynasty was founded based on the Confucian tradition. Jeong-jo's a view of wise subjects, which was revealed above, has not received attention in academia, but it is believed that Jeong-jo's self-awareness, a view of subjects, and Hwaseong architectural intentions can be helped in multiple layers.