bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conventional synthesis of perovskite structured LaTixFe1-xO3: A comprehensive evaluation on phase formation, opto-magnetic, and dielectrical properties
Authors: Raji Ramesh Kumar , Kurapati Vishista , Ramachandran Tholkappiyan , Muralidharan M , Suriakarthick R , Dhilip M , Hamed Fathalla
Published: July 2020

In the current study, we report a comprehensive evaluation of the microstructures, optical, dielectric and magnetic traits of Ti-substituted perovskite structured lanthanum ferrite with chemical compositions LaTixFe1−xO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25). X-ray diffraction with Rietveld refinement and Raman analysis confirmed that both pure and Ti-substituted LaFeO3 maintained single-phase orthorhombic phase with Pbnm symmetry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies revealed the information about the positions of the ions and their bonds within the lattice structure of the LaFeO3. The spherical shaped morphology of all products was confirmed by SEM. The quantitative chemical composition and their distribution were confirmed by EDAX and mapping. The UV-Vis spectroscopic studies showed an excitonic absorption edge at 590 nm is ascribed to the electronic transition from O2p→Fe3d. Optical band gap (Eg) values were assessed by applying Tauc schemes, showed that Eg values are in a narrow range (1.85–2.02 eV). The dielectric properties such as, dielectric constant (ε’), dielectric loss (tan δ) was examined by varying with temperature and frequency. The magnetic results revealed weak ferromagnetic nature trait at 300 K. The variation in Ms (saturation magnetization), Hc (coercivity) and Mr (remanence) values were observed with increasing Ti substitution level.
Health care seeking behavior for common childhood morbidities in Ethiopia: The effects of maternal behavior and access to key health services
Authors: Feng Cindy Xin , Geda Nigatu R , Whiting Susan J , Lepnurm Rein , Henry Carol J , Janzen Bonnie
Published: July 2020

Background: Childhood morbidities such as diarrhea and pneumonia are the leading causes of death in Ethiopia. Appropriate healthcare-seeking behavior of mothers for common childhood illnesses could prevent a significant number of these early deaths; however, little nation-wide research has been conducted in Ethiopia to assess mothers’ healthcare-seeking behavior for their children.Method: The study used the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) conducted in 2016 on a nationally representative sample of 10641 children under the age of five. The main determinants of care-seeking during diarrhea and Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) episodes were assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses while adjusting for complex survey design.Results: Only 43% and 35% of households sought medical attention for their children in episodes of diarrhea and ARI, respectively, during a reference period of two weeks before the survey. The odds of seeking care for diarrhea are lower for non-working mothers versus working mothers. The likelihood of seeking care for diarrhea or ARI is higher for fathers who had education versus no education. The place of delivery for the child, receiving postnatal checkup and getting at least one immunization in the past determined the likelihood of seeking care for ARI, but not for diarrhea. The odds of seeking care are higher for both diarrhea and ARI among households that are headed by females and where mothers experienced domestic violence. Religion and types of family structure are also significant factors of seeking care for diarrhea episodes, but not for ARI.Conclusion: Given the high morbidity and mortality rates for children in Ethiopia, a deeper understanding of the health-seeking behaviour of mothers may provide insights for identifying the potential gaps and developing improvement of mothers’ awareness and perception towards childhood problems
Differences of tensile strength in knot tying technique between orthopaedic surgical instructors and trainees
Authors: Harato Kengo , Yagi Mitsuru , Kaneda Kazuya , Iwama Yu , Masuda Akihiko , Kaneko Yosuke , Oya Akihito , Matsumura Noboru , Suzuki Taku , Nakayama Robert , Kobayashi Shu
Published: July 2020

Background: Knot tying technique is an extremely important basic skill for all surgeons. Clinically, knot slippage or suture breakage will lead to wound complications. Although some previous studies described the knot-tying technique of medical students or trainees, little information had been reported on the knot-tying technique of instructors. The objective of the preset study was to assess surgeons’ manual knot tying techniques and to investigate the differences of tensile strength in knot tying technique between surgical instructors and trainees.Methods: A total of 48 orthopaedic surgeons (postgraduate year: PGY 2-18) participated. Surgeons were requested to tie surgical knots using same suture material. They were divided into two groups based on each career; instructors and trainees. Although 4 knots with 4 throws were chosen and done with self-selected methods, knot tying practice was done as education only for trainees before the actual trial. The knots were placed over a 30 cm long custom made smooth polished surface with 2 cylindrical rods. All knots were tested for tensile strength using a tensiometer. The surgical loops were loaded until the knot slipped or the suture broke. The tensile strength of each individual knot was defined as the force (N) required to result in knot failure. Simultaneously, knot failure was evaluated based on knot slippage or suture rupture. In terms of tensile strength or knot failure, statistical comparison was performed between groups using two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher exact probability test, respectively.Results: Twenty-four instructors (PGY6- PGY18) and 24 trainees (PGY2-PGY5) were enrolled. Tensile strength was significantly greater in trainees (83.0 ± 27.7N) than in instructors (49.9 ± 34.4N, P=0.0246). The ratio of slippage was significantly larger in instructors than in trainees (P<0.001). Knot slippage (31.8 ± 17.7N) was significantly worse than suture rupture (89.9 ± 22.2N, P<0.001) in tensile strength.Conclusions: Mean tensile strength of knots done by trainees after practice was judged to be greater than that done by instructors in the present study. Clinically, knot slippage can lead to wound dehiscence, compared to suture rupture.
Partnership between primary health and social care services in the long-term care of older people with dementia: a vignette study
Authors: Kontrimiene Ausrine , Blazeviciene Aurelija , Liseckiene Ida , Raila Gediminas , Valius Leonas , Jaruseviciene Lina
Published: July 2020

Background

Dementia is considered to be a significant cause of disability and dependency for older people worldwide and it raises difficulties in providing adequate formal and informal assistance. Research on the experience of long-term care (LTC) services for older people with dementia is scarce in Eastern European countries. This study aimed to understand the system of care for older people with dementia from the perspective of health and social care workers providing LTC services in Lithuania.

Methods

A total of 72 primary health care and social care professionals from public and private institutions in Kaunas city participated in this study. One-to-one interviews were conducted with family physicians, community nurses, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and social workers. A vignette situation of two fictitious patients with dementia and their informal caregiver was discussed during the interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis by induction approach.

Results

Thematic analysis of the data revealed two main themes: LTC provision trajectory, and three-dimensional relationship perception in realization of LTC activities. LTC provision trajectory reflected activities performed as a response to the described situation embracing formal procedures for the endorsement of LTC needs as well as the range of LTC services. Three-dimensional relationship perception in realization of LTC activities mirrored the participants’ relationships with themselves, with each other, and with the informal caregiver.

Conclusions

Our study revealed the potential of complex measures that could be instrumental for the refinement of the caregiving process. First, a change in the special needs’ endorsement logic is needed, shifting focus from medical diagnosis to functional abilities assessment. Second, establishing clear procedures for formal cooperation between the health and social care sectors in the trajectory of LTC service provision. Finally, finding an adequate balance between LTC and institutional care by creating a wider range of LTC services. A more consistent and coordinated delivery of services by both health and social care sectors seems to be an untapped resource for the improvement of the LTC potential.
Knowledge, beliefs, mental health, substance use, and behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. adults: A national online survey
Authors: DiClemente Ralph J. , Capasso Ariadna , Ali Shahmir H. , Jones Abbey M. , Foreman Joshua , Tozan Yesim
Published: July 2020

Background: Given the urgent need for data to inform public health messaging to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, this national survey sought to assess the state of COVID-19-related knowledge, beliefs, mental health, substance use changes, and behaviors among a sample of U.S. adults.Methods: A survey of U.S. adults was administered online from March 20-30, 2020. The survey collected data on socio-demographic characteristics; COVID-19-related knowledge, awareness and adoption of preventive practices; depression and anxiety (assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-4); stress (adapted Impact of Event Scale-6); pessimism; and changes in tobacco and alcohol use. Differences between age groups (18-39 years, 40-59 years and ≥60 years) were tested using Pearson’s chi-squared tests or ANOVAs; associations between drinking and smoking and depression, anxiety and stress were tested using adjusted logistic regression models.Results: Approximately, half of the sample (NTotal=6,391) were 50-69 years old and 58% were female. COVID-19 knowledge (Mean=12·0; SD=1.2; Range=0-13) and protective practice awareness (Mean=9·1; SD=0·8; Range 0-10) were high. However, only 84% of respondents were aware of the protective value of alcohol-based hand sanitizers and 19% had purchased facemasks. Among respondents, 44% had a score consistent with depression and anxiety (PHQ-4 score≥6); and 52% reported high stress scores (≥median of 1.33). COVID-19-related anxiety and depression were associated with increased drinking (AOR=1.79; 95% CI=1.49, 2.15, p<0.001) and smoking (AOR=2.17; 95% CI=1.64, 2.88, p<0.001). High stress scores were also associated with increased drinking (AOR=1.80; 95% CI=1.49, 2.17, p<0.001) and smoking (AOR=1.75; 95% CI=1.31, 2.33, p<0.001) among respondents.Conclusions: In spite of high knowledge about COVID-19 and protective practices, important gaps were identified. High prevalence of poor mental health outcomes and associated increases in drinking and smoking warrant ongoing risk communications tailoring to effectively disseminate information and expanding psychosocial and substance use treatment services, particularly online telehealth services, to mitigate the negative mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Evolution of disease transmission rate during the course of SARS-COV-2: Patterns and determinants
Authors: Zhu Jie , Gallego Blanca
Published: July 2020

To date, many studies have argued the potential impact of public health interventions on flattening the epidemic curve of SARS-CoV-2. Most of them have focused on simulating the impact of interventions in a region of interest by manipulating contact patterns and key transmission parameters to reflect different scenarios. Our study looks into the evolution of the daily effective reproduction number during the epidemic via a stochastic transmission model. We found this measure (although model-dependent) provides an early signal of the efficacy of containment measures. This epidemiological parameter when updated in real-time can also provide better predictions of future outbreaks. Our results found a substantial variation in the effect of public health interventions on the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 transmission over time and across countries, that could not be explained solely by the timing and number of the adopted interventions. This suggests that further knowledge about the idiosyncrasy of their implementation and effectiveness is required. Although sustained containment measures have successfully lowered growth in disease transmission, more than half of the 101 studied countries failed to maintain the effective reproduction number close to or below 1. This resulted in continued growth in reported cases. Finally, we were able to predict with reasonable accuracy which countries would experience outbreaks in the next 30 days.
Pilot Randomised Evaluation of Singing in Dementia (PRESIDE): Protocol for a Two-Arm, Parallel Group Randomised Controlled Feasibility Study with Waiting-List Control
Authors: Dowson Becky , Schneider Justine , Guo Boliang , Bath Philip M , McDermott Orii , Haywood Lee J , Orrell Martin
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAs the number of people living with dementia grows, so does the need to provide them with adequate psychosocial support. Many people with dementia live at home with family carers, who also require social and emotional support to cope with their role. Community group singing has received attention for its potential to support people with dementia and their carers. It is postulated that singing can improve cognitive function, strengthen the bonds between care partners, and help to establish social support networks. However, there is a lack of rigorous evidence of singing’s benefits for this population. This study aims to test the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial of community singing in dementia, to pave the way for a larger, conclusive study.MethodsThe PRESIDE study is designed as a two-arm, parallel group randomised trial with a waiting list control. Dyads consisting of a person with dementia (n=80) and their carer (n=80) will be recruited. Each dyad will be randomised either to attend 10 weeks of community group singing sessions straight away, or to wait for three months before attending the sessions. The singing sessions will be led by experienced professional musicians and will last about 90 minutes, including time for socialising. The primary outcome of this study is the attainment of feasibility criteria around recruitment, retention and the acceptability of the waiting list control. Secondary outcomes include the quality of life, mood, cognition, and musical engagement of the person with dementia, and quality of life, mood, and experiences/challenges of the carer. These data will be collected during home visits at baseline, and three and six months post-baseline. DiscussionDespite growing public interest in the positive effects of singing, and encouraging findings from qualitative and non-randomised quantitative studies, there is a lack of rigorous evidence. This is the first randomised controlled trial of community group singing for people with dementia. If the results favour a full trial, conclusively demonstrating the effectiveness of group singing could positively affect the opportunities available to community-dwelling people with dementia and their carers.Trial RegistrationUnique identification number in ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN10201482 https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10201482. Date registered: 12/05/2020
Does Endometriosis Increase Susceptibility to COVID–19 Infections? A case-control study in Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Moazzami Bahram , Chaichian Shahla , Samie Saeed , Zolbin Masoumeh Majidi , Jesmi Fatemeh , Akhlaghdoust Meisam , Pishkuhi Mahin Ahmadi , Mirshafiei Zahra Sadat , Khalilzadeh Fereshteh , Safari Dorsa
Published: July 2020

Background: In today’s world, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) is the most critical health problem and research is continued on studying the associated factors. But it is not clear whether endometriosis increases the risk of COVID–19.Methods: Women who referred to the gynecology clinic were evaluated and 507 women with endometriosis (case group) were compared with 520 women without endometriosis (control group). COVID–19 infection, symptoms, exposure, hospitalization, isolation, H1N1 infection and vaccination, and past medical history of the participants were recorded and compared between the groups using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 21.Results: Comparison between the groups represent COVID–19 infection in 3.2% of the case group and 3% of the control group (P=.942). The control group had a higher frequency of asymptomatic infection (95.7% vs. 94.5%; P<.001) and fever (1.6% vs. 0%; P=.004), while the frequency of rare symptoms was more common in the case group (P<.001). The average disease period was 14 days in both groups (P=.694). COVID–19 infection was correlated with close contact (r=.331; P<.001 in the case group and r=.244; P<.001 in the control group), but not with the history of thyroid disorders, H1N1 vaccination, traveling to high-risk areas, and social isolation (P>.05).Conclusion: Endometriosis does not increase the susceptibility to COVID–19 infections, but alters the manifestation of the disease. The prevalence of the disease may depend on the interaction between the virus and the individual’s immune system but further studies are required in this regard.
Machine Learning Models For Predicting Lymph Node And Distant Metastases In Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Dai Xiaoyu , Dai Siqi , Yang Xi , Zhuang Jing , Liu Jin , Han Shuwen
Published: July 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in the world and metastasis is responsible for a major proportion of the cancer-related deaths in CRC patients.Aims: To construct machine learning models for predicting lymph node and distant metastases in colorectal cancer and analyze biological functions features of metastasis-related genes.Methods: RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data as well as corresponding clinical data from colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The differentially expressed RNAs (DE-RNAs) in non-LNM (N0) and LNM (N1/N2) as well as non-distant metastases (M0) and distant metastases (M1) were analyzed. Six machine learning models including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), Catboost, gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), and artificial neural network (NN) were constructed to predict cancer metastasis and the feature genes of the optimal model were further analyzed by functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and drug-target analyses.Results: Differential RNA expression profiles of LNM and non-LNM as well as M0 vs. M1 were observed in both COAD and READ samples. NN model was determined to be the optimal model for predicting distant metastases, while Catboost and LR models were the optimal models for predicting LNM in COAD and READ samples, respectively. PPI analysis indicated that KIR2DL4, chemokine-related genes CXCL9/10/11/13 and CCL25, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor genes (GABRR1, GABRB2 and GABRA3) were key genes in metastasis. In addition, atorvastatin and eszopiclone were identified as potential therapeutic agents as they target these genes.Conclusions: We constructed six machine learning models for predicting colorectal cancer metastases and identify the optimal model. We analyzed biological functions features of metastasis-related RNAs in colorectal cancer.
Tribological changes of tooth enamel-mullite/3Y-TZP couple in artificial saliva
Authors: Huang Yanqi , Li Zhuan , Liu Peng-fei , Cheng Yan-meng , Li Wen-jie , Xiao Peng , Li Yang
Published: July 2020

In-situ mullite toughened 3Y-TZP composite ceramic (mullite/3Y-TZP) with excellent mechanical properties was fabricated by gel-casting. The cytotoxicity of mullite/3Y-TZP was determined by both extract and direct contact methods, and the results indicated that mullite/3Y-TZP had no acute cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the tribological properties of the tooth enamel sliding against mullite/3Y-TZP in artificial saliva were investigated by using the pin-on-disk friction method. The friction coefficient (µ) between the two friction samples was about 0.464 with a stable friction process, and both of them showed slight wear. Analysis of the wear surface and debris demonstrated that the tooth enamel mainly suffered from fatigue wear accompanied by mild adhesive wear, while mullite/3Y-TZP showed slight abrasive wear. This result indicated that mullite/3Y-TZP had good wear resistance and showed potential applications in dental material.
The Role of CXCL10 in Prognosis of Patients with Colon Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling
Authors: Yin Hongli , Song Weiwei , Han Chenguang , Mao Qiantai , Ji Zhaoshuai , Tang Jing , Yan Xu , Ai Chao
Published: July 2020

Background: In the past few years, tumor microenvironment (TME) has gradually become a hot topic in tumor research, which has important significance in the diagnosis, prevention and prognosis of tumors. Importantly, the immune system is a major contributing factor in TME, and studies have shown that tumors are partially infiltrated with various immune cell subsets. The immune characteristics of the TME play an essential role in evaluating the prognosis of patients. The immune scoring system based on the distribution of tumor local immune cell subsets and cell density has been an essential indicator in the evaluation of patient prognosis and has been verified in various tumor studies. TME is indispensable in the occurrence and development of Colorectal cancer (CRC). However, understanding the dynamic regulation of immunity and matrix components in TME of CRC is still a challenge and should be investigated further.Methods: In this study, we collected transcriptome RNA-seq data of 521 Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal. We then estimate the fraction of stromal and immune cells in COAD cases by ESTIMATE algorithms [1]. A total of 1109 stromal-immune score-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used to generate a high-confidence protein–protein intersection (PPI) network and univariate COX regression analysis. Intersection analysis of the data from PPI network and univariate COX regression analysis showed the core gene. Then we performed Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), survival analysis and clinical analysis for CXCL10, and applied CIBERSORT algorithms to estimate the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) proportion in COAD cases.Results: The proportion of immune and stromal components in TME are associated with the progression of COAD. For example, tumor metastasis is inversely proportional to immune score. A total of 1109 DEGs were obtained by analyzing the low-score shared genes and the high-score shared genes by intersection analysis which might be the determinant of TME status. The GO enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs are associated with immune-related terms. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are mainly enriched in cytokine cytokine receptor signaling pathway etc. Therefore, DEGs are related to immune regulation, which indicates that the participation of immune factors is the main characteristic of TME in COAD. Moreover, the expression level of CXCL10 has significantly connection with the prognosis of patients and the progression of COAD. Conclusion: Taken together, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the TME in COAD, and predicted a prognostic indicator for COAD, which provided a novel insight for therapeutics of COAD.
Analysis of the fraction of delivered oxygen by noninvasive ventilation devices working as invasive ventilators in pandemic times
Authors: Tusman Gerardo , Gogniat Emiliano , Plotnikow Gustavo , Campos Marcelo
Published: July 2020

Purpose: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, mandatory ventilation with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) devices is a valid option when intensive care/anesthesia ventilators are unavailable. The fraction of delivered oxygen (FDO2) by NIV devices in intubated patients is unknown.Method: We simulated intubated patients with normal and sick lungs. NIV was used in pressure control mode with protective lung ventilatory settings. O2 flow was added into the NIV circuit in incremental steps of 1 L/min (from 1 to 15 L). The FDO2 in breathing gases was measured by a paramagnetic O2 sensor placed behind the endotracheal tube. Three NIV circuit options were analyzed: 1) leak at HME filter close to the patient, 2) anesthesia Bain circuit with leak distal to the patient, and 3) leak throughout a non-rebreathing valve near the patient.Results: FDO2 increased proportional to the supplemental O2 flow in all NIV options and in both kinds of patients. The range of FDO2 came from 0.25 to 0.98 in both, healthy and sick lungs. At 5 L/min, FDO2 was 0.53±0.04 and 0.47±0.02 in option 1 and 0.53±0.04 and 0.47±0.02 in option 2 for healthy and sick lungs, respectively. In option 3, 5 L/min of O2 reached 0.84±0.08 in healthy and 0.74±0.09 in sick lungs. Conclusions: In all setups, FDO2 was proportional to the administered O2 flow and it covered the range of FDO2 values commonly observed in ventilated patients.
Computational Analysis Revealed miRNAs Produced by Chikungunya Virus Target Genes Associated with Cellular Proliferation and Cell Cycle Regulation
Authors: Islam Md. Sajedul , Khan Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran
Published: July 2020

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) that causes chikungunya fever, is an alphavirus that belongs to the Togaviridae family containing a single-stranded RNA genome. Mosquitoes of the Aedes species act as the vectors for this virus and can be found in the blood, which can be passed from an infected person to a mosquito through mosquito bites. CHIKV has drawn much attention recently because of its potential of causing an epidemic. As the detailed mechanism of its pathogenesis inside the host system is still lacking, in this in silico research we have hypothesized that CHIKV might create miRNAs, which would target the genes associated with host cellular regulatory pathways, thereby providing the virus with prolonged refuge. Using bioinformatics approaches we found several putative miRNAs produced by CHIKV. Then we predicted the genes of the host targeted by these miRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis of these targeted genes shows the involvement of several biological pathways regulating cellular proliferation and cell cycle, thereby provide themselves with prolonged refuge and facilitate their pathogenesis, which in turn may lead to disease conditions. Finally, we analyzed a publicly available microarray dataset (GSE49985) to determine the altered expression levels of the targeted genes and found four genes (FLNA, GATA6, HES6, and TP53) associated with transcription factor binding, which have significant (Adjusted p-value <0.05) altered expression level. Our finding presents novel miRNAs and their targeted genes, which upon experimental validation could facilitate in developing new therapeutics to combat CHIKV infection and minimize CHIKV mediated diseases.
Chidamide combined with cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vindesine, prednisone, and etoposide (C-CHOEP) regimen is superior to the GDP-ML and CHOEP regimen for patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Authors: wei chong , Zhang Yan , Wang Wei , Zhang Lu , Mao Yueying , Feng Jun , Cai Huacong , Zhang Wei , Zhou Daobin
Published: July 2020

Background

Outcomes with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vindesine, and prednisone) or CHOP-like regimens are poor in most types of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs). In this study, we investigated whether the combination of chidamide with CHOEP (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vindesine, etoposide, and prednisone) regimen (C-CHOEP) was superior to CHOEP and GDP-ML (gemcitabine, cisplatin, dexamethasone, methotrexate, and pegaspargase) regimen for previously untreated PTCL patients.
Methods

Between January 2012 and August 2019, a total of 94 newly diagnosed PTCL patients were included in this study, including 34 patients from the C-CHOEP phase 2 trial, 34 patients treated with CHOEP regimen matched to those in the C-CHOEP group, and 26 patients from a previous phase 2 trial of GDP-ML therapy.
Results

The complete remission rate of patients in the C-CHOEP group was significantly higher than that of GDP-ML and CHOEP group (55.9% vs. 32.0% and 29.4%, p = 0.047), with an overall response rate of 82.4 vs. 64.7%, and 72.0%, respectively (p = 0.244). The overall survival of patients in the C-CHOEP group was significantly superior than that of the GDP-ML and CHOEP group, with 1- and 3- year OS rates of 80.9% and 73.5% in the C-CHOEP group vs. 67.4% and 36.9% in the GDP-ML group, and 64.6% and 48.9% in the CHOEP group (p = 0.048). Progression-free survival (PFS) was also improved with median PFS of 19.8 months in the C-CHOEP group vs. 6.6 and 8.1 months in the GDP-ML and CHOEP group. The most common adverse events were hematologic toxicities. Grade 3–4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia occurred in 58.8% and 20.6% of patients in the C-CHOEP group with no significant difference compared with the CHOEP group.
Conclusion

Our study suggested that C-CHOEP therapy was superior to CHOEP and GDP-ML therapy for newly diagnosed PTCL patients as shown by a significant improvement of CR rate and OS with a favorable safety profile.
Trial registration:

The study of C-CHOEP regimen is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on December 2nd 2016 (NCT02987244). The study of GDP-ML regimen is registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on March 30th 2012 (ChiCTR-ONC-12002055).
GONGOCOMPOSTO: SUBSTRATO ORGÂNICO PROVENIENTE DE RESÍDUOS DE PODA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE ALFACE
Authors: Bugni Nathalia Oliveira Cruz , Antunes Luiz Fernando de Sousa , Marinho Guerra José Guilherme , Fernandes Correia Maria Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

O substrato constitui-se em um dos fatores limitantes à produção de mudas, tornando-se importante o constante desenvolvimento de tecnologias que possibilitem produzir substratos a partir de materiais renováveis e de baixo custo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência dos substratos orgânicos obtidos pela gongocompostagem mediada pelo diplópode Trigoniulus corallinus, na produção de mudas de alface crespa. Os resíduos empregados na gongocompostagem foram os galhos finos e folhas de quatro espécies arbóreas: Terminalia catappa (Amendoeira), Licania tomentosa (Oiti), Senna siamea (Cassia), Albizia lebbeck (Albizia), os quais foram compostados por 120 dias. Os substratos gerados foram caracterizados quanto às suas propriedades físicas, físico-químicas e químicas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos e cinco repetições, dispostos em arranjo fatorial 6x2 (substratos com e sem adição de farelo de mamona). Aos 21 dias após a semeadura avaliou-se a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, massa fresca e seca de raízes, o vigor da muda e estabilidade do torrão. A análise física e química dos gongocompostos revelou que as características se encontravam dentro de níveis adequados ao emprego como substratos. Os gongocompostos proporcionaram crescimento de parte aérea e de raízes  semelhantes entre si, todavia, quando o farelo de mamona foi adicionado aos gongocompostos, as produções de parte aérea e de raízes foram otimizadas, sobretudo no substrato constituído de Licania tomentosa e Albizia lebbeck, que proporcionou a obtenção de mudas com vigor maior do que o substrato SIPA e menor apenas do que o substrato comercial avaliado.
ESTUDO SOBRE IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS CAUSADOS POR RESÍDUOS PLÁSTICOS PROVENIENTES DA PESCA ARTESANAL NAS PRAIAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE PONTAL DO PARANÁ SOB UMA PERSPECTIVA DE CTS
Authors: ANTUNES CELSO VALERIO
Published: July 2020

A conscientização e a consequente preocupação com a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente aumentaram nos últimos tempos, uma vez que as pessoas estão valorizando cada vez mais os escassos recursos naturais da Terra. Um problema de grande repercussão atual é voltado aos detritos marinhos, os quais são um complexo problema cultural e multisetorial com implicações significativas para os ambientes marinhos e costeiros do mundo e para determinadas atividades humanas. Uma destas, a atividade pesqueira, lança mão de artefatos de trabalho os quais em sua maioria são produzidos em resinas poliméricas (plásticos) de diferentes tipologias. Neste sentido, a atividade pesqueira artesanal realizada por colônias de pescadores ao longo da faixa de praias do município de Pontal do Paraná os torna, consequentemente, em um dos atores deste processo, entre outros nominados no presente estudo. As características e magnitude do impacto ambiental que possam efetivamente causar necessita ser avaliada tanto para comprovação qualitativa e quantitativa do fato, como também para o estabelecimento de programas voltados à sensibilização ambiental destas comunidades. O presente estudo visa posicionar estes atores dentro de um contexto de Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), apontando caminhos para trabalhos científico-tecnológicos que visem a avaliação de impactos socioambientais qualitativos e quantitativos, cuja finalidade é a preservação desta importante atividade social que se constitui em fonte de sobrevivência dos pescadores e suas famílias. A Teoria Ator-Rede, de Bruno Latour, é a corrente da pesquisa em teoria social abordada neste trabalho no sentido de subsidiá-lo por meio da inserção do grupo focal em seu contexto social, considerando suas interações e relações na rede da qual são importantes atores, observando a delimitação e proposta do escopo do estudo.
Inclusion of innovative technology in integrated waste management of a city: case of Bogura, Bangladesh
Authors: Dey D. , Krukkert I. , Osse E.
Published: July 2020

Bogura is the largest municipality in Bangladesh by population. Its huge population and agri-industry produces a great deal of solid, faecal and industrial waste which has been a matter of concern for the municipality. IRC started working for a solution and completed a pre-feasibility and feasibility study to find innovative technologies and an operation model. The feasibility study has produced an integrated solution of faecal sludge, municipal solid waste, agri-waste and aerosol can recycling model which also helps to reduce surface and ground water contamination. The solution integrates conventional anaerobic digestion with new torrefaction and aerosol-propellant capture technologies which treats the municipality solid waste and aerosol cans to produce biofuel and liquid petroleum gas, respectively.
Biosorption of organic micropollutants onto lignocellulosic-based material
Authors: Alves Thiago Caique , Mota João André Ximenes , Pinheiro Adilson
Published: July 2020

The occurrence of organic micropollutants such as pharmaceutical drugs and hormones in the environment reflects the inefficiency of traditional wastewater treatment technologies. Biosorption is a promising alternative from a technical-economic point of view, so understanding the mechanisms of adsorption in new biosorbents is vital for application and process optimization. Within this context, this study aims to evaluate the mechanisms of adsorption and removal of synthetic and natural hormones by Pinus elliottii bark biosorbent (PS) compared to commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) through kinetic models, isotherm models, and thermodynamic models. The adsorbents were also characterized by morphology, chemical composition, functional groups, and point of zero charge. Characterization of the adsorbents highlights the heterogeneous and fibrous morphology and broader range of functional groups found for PS. Kinetic adjustments showed high accuracy for pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models, presenting multilinearity and evidencing multi-stage adsorption. The isotherms for PS followed high-affinity models, predominantly chemisorption, while those for GAC followed the Langmuir model, where physisorption predominates. These mechanisms were confirmed by thermodynamic models, which also indicated a higher dependence on temperature in the adsorption process. In the fortified water removal test, PS showed removal values higher than GAC, highlighting the advantages of this adsorbent.
Investigation of Targeting Relationship between Micro-Rna-22 and Vegfr3 in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dong Zheng , Xu Qing-Hua , Zhu Yuan-Bin , Wang Yong-Feng , Xiong Jie , Dang Shuai
Published: July 2020

Aims :

The present study explored the clinical significance of microRNA-22 (miR-22)
expression in lung squamous cell carcinoma and to explore the targeting relationship with vascular
endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3).

Methods:

A total of 49 patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma who underwent surgical
treatment were selected. The expression of miR-22 was detected by fluorescence quantitative realtime
PCR (qPCR), the expression of VEGFR3 was detected by Western blotting assays, and D240
labeled microlymphatic vessels density (MLVD) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line SK-MES-1 was selected and the targeting relationship
between miR-22 and VEGFR3 was analyzed by double luciferase reporter gene assay. Western
blotting assays were used to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGFD)
and D240 in the blank control group, empty vector transfection group, miR-22 transfection
group, miR-22 and VEGFR3 co-transfection group.

Results:

The expression range of miR-22 in lung squamous cell carcinoma was 0.8-3.5. The
expression of miR-22 in lung squamous cell carcinoma was significantly different by tumor
maximum diameter, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and TNM stage. The expression of
miR-22 was linked to survival time. There was a negative correlation between miR-22 and
VEGFR3, miR-22 and MLVD. Double luciferase reporter gene assays showed that miR-22
reduced the luciferase activity of pGL3-VEGFR3-WT transfected cells. Compared with the control
group, the expression of VEGF-D and D2-40 in the miR-22 transfection group was significantly
decreased. However, VEGF-D and D240 in the miR-22 and VEGFR3 co-transfection group
reversed the changes.

Conclusion:

We assumed that the abnormal expression of miR-22 in lung squamous cell
carcinoma may be involved in the development and progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma.
MiR-22 negatively regulated the target gene VEGFR3 to mediate lymphangiogenesis. The
expression of miR-22 may also be linked to the prognosis of the disease.
Proliferative Effect of FadA Recombinant Protein from Fusobacterium nucleatum on SW480 Colorectal Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Dadashi Masoud , Hajikhani Bahareh , Faghihloo Ebrahim , Owlia Parviz , Yaslianifard Somayeh , Goudarzi Mehdi , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Fallah Fatemeh
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim:

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers diagnosed
in both men and women worldwide. Fusobacterium nucleatum adhesin A (FadA) has an
important potential factor in the development or progression of CRC. The aim of the present study
was to evaluate the proliferative effect of recombinant FadA on SW480 colorectal cancer cell line.

Materials and Methods:

The recombinant pET21(b)-fadA plasmid was synthesized and transformed
into competent E.coli DH5α. In the next step, induction and expression of recombinant FadA
were carried out in E. coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells. Expression and purification of protein
were successfully done and it was analyzed and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting.
The proliferative effect of purified FadA on SW480 CRC cell line was evaluated using MTT assay
and cell counting methods.

Results:

Visualization of the specific band isolated from the linear plasmid on the agarose gel confirmed
the presence of the desired gene. After electrophoresis and Coomassie blue staining, the protein
of interest with an approximate molecular weight of 13KDa was detected. The MTT assay,
similar to cell counting methods, revealed that FadA dose and time-dependently promoted SW480
cell growth and proliferation in 24, 48 and 72 hours.

Conclusion:

The results showed that FadA stimulates proliferation of SW480 colorectal cancer
cell line with a dose and time-dependent manner.
An Experience with Delamanid in an XDR TB Case – Case Report
Authors: Mohan Nimitha , Kaur Manharpreet , Singhal Lipika , Saini Varinder , Chander Jagdish
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

Tuberculosis is an endemic infection and a serious public health problem
in India. India constitutes one-fourth of the global TB population. The emerging drug resistance is
a major threat to global tuberculosis care and control.

Case report:

We present an experience with a case of newly diagnosed microbiologically confirmed, extremely drug resistant primary pulmonary tuberculosis who was treated with delamanid and found to be cured of tuberculosis.

Discussion:

Delamanid is a new anti-tubercular drug, which is thought to primarily inhibit the synthesis
of methoxy-mycolic, and keto-mycolic acid, which are components of the mycobacterial cell
wall. In our patient who was a newly diagnosed case of MDR-TB converted to XDR-TB in little
course of time and we were successful in treating him with Delamanid therapy. His sputum culture
conversion was achieved in 20 days. Even though the patient did not tolerate well because of the
side effects of the drug, still he became microbiologically negative for tuberculosis.

Conclusion:

Delamanid fulfills many target criteria for new TB drugs and may be particularly useful
for the treatment of MDR-TB. It can be administered orally and its bactericidal properties make
it suitable in regimens designed to shorten treatment duration. Clinical efficacy data, while limited,
are reassuring.
The Role of Statins in the Management of Delirium: Recent Advances
Authors: Chen Junhui , Wang Yuhai , Hu Ximin , Li Mingchang , Xiong Kun , Zhang Zhaocai , Chen Qianxue
Published: July 2020

Delirium is a clinical syndrome characterized by a temporary organic mental disorder, as
well as abnormal attention and cognition. It is a very common, serious, and costly disease with high
misdiagnosis and death/disability rates, especially for older patients after surgery. Several factors, such
as systemic neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters, cerebral hypoperfusion and microthrombosis, contribute
to the progress of delirium; however, the exact pathophysiologic mechanisms are not well
known. Therefore, there are no specific therapeutic approaches that can treat delirium effectively.
Statins, as inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, have been
identified as potential medications for the treatment of delirium because they can significantly reduce
the incidence of delirium. The major objective of the current review is to summarize recent advances
in the understanding of the effects and mechanisms of statins on delirium. In basic research, statins can
alleviate delirium via attenuation of neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters, cerebral hypoperfusion,
and microthrombosis, which may highlight their potential clinical application for the treatment of delirium.
Despite this, the clinical effects of statins still provoke debate.
Reproductive, Lifestyle, and Genetic Risk Factors in Breast Cancer Among Iranian Women- A Cross-sectional Study During the Breast Cancer Screening in a Community in Iran
Authors: Vakilian Katayon , Mohaghegh Pegah , Mirzaei Fatemeh , Taheri Majd , Zahiri Rita , Roozbahani Nasrin
Published: July 2020

Aim:

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. The present study is aimed to investigate the risk factors of this disease among the Iranian women of Arak city.

Background:

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women.

Objective:

To study the reproductive, lifestyle, and genetic risk factors.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Arak city. The sampling was conducted in a clustering method in a way that 4 health centers (surveying cancer in the country; October 2018 to March 2019) were investigated. The women willing to fill up the breast cancer risk factors were entered into the research. 1000 women (above 18) were included. After filling the questionnaires, the data were analyzed by SPSS Ver. 21 using descriptive statistics such as percentage and mean values.

Results:

4% of the participants (40) had a history of breast cancer among their first-degree relatives. Only 1.9% (19) of the women reported eating fast-food twice a day. 1.7% (16) of the studied women drank alcohol in the last month. 70.3% of the women (691) had children with an average age at first birth of 22.32±4.87. 1.3% (13) of the participants were under hormone-therapy during their menopause, with an average duration of 4±6.87 years.

Conclusion:

It seems that the risk factors of breast cancer are not low among Iranian women. Screening tests such as self-examination of the breasts and periodic examinations by the physicians or midwives as well as the mammography protocols are essential
Achille Mbembe: Politik der Feindschaft
Authors: Abich Leon
Published: July 2020

Rezension von

Achille Mbembe: Politik der Feindschaft. Berlin: Suhrkamp 2016. 235 Seiten.
Dirk Quadflieg: Vom Geist der Sache
Authors: Schuck Dirk
Published: July 2020

Besprechung von

Dirk Quadflieg: Vom Geist der Sache. Zur Kritik der Verdinglichung. Frankfurt am Main/New York: Campus, 2019.
A diagnosis of difficulties in answering questions of circle material on junior high school students
Authors: Abidin Minhajjul , Retnawati Heri
Published: July 2020

This research is aimed at describing (1) the characteristics of items about a diagnostic test of circle material in mathematics, (2) how significant the percentage of students' types of errors in answering the questions, and (3) the diagnosis of students' difficulties in answering the questions based on DINA model. This research is quantitative descriptive research involving eighth graders of junior high school in East Lombok regency as the population. The sample was chosen by a proportionate random sampling technique, consisting of 105 students for preliminary field testing and 416 students for main field testing. The instrument of this study was a diagnostic test using a four-option multiple-choice format. Data on students' responses were analyzed using the R program with CDM (Cognitive Diagnostic Model) DINA model, which requires underlying attributes for each item. The results show that: (1) the diagnostic test instrument had met the qualitative and quantitative content validity; (2) the percentage of students' answers retrieved from the conceptual error is 18.47%, 9.99% is interpretation error, the procedural error is 7.80%, and counting error is 14.57%; (3) based on the results of the analysis with DINA model, students' error in answering the questions of the circle material in mathematics are dominantly caused by students' lack of mastery on solving problems associated to the circumference of a circle, that is, (A28) the ability to calculate the length of a path, and (A29) the ability to calculate many rounds on wheels.