bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volcanic Sedimentary Rock-Related Metallogenesis in the Kiruna-Skellefte Belt of Northern Sweden
Authors: Parák Tibor
Published: November 2019

The bedrock in the Kiruna and Skellefte districts, northern Sweden, as well as in the area between them consists of the same basic rock types. Basaltic and andesitic greenstones occur throughout the belt, as well as local komatiitic rocks. Intermediate and acid volcanites, which are the dominant rocks at certain localities, in places show agglomeratic features. Based on similarities in the rock types, the Arjeplog district—via the Adak area—is probably a continuation of the Skellefte district, i.e., the connecting link for the Kiruna-Skellefte belt. This conclusion is supported by the occurrence of graphite and similar magnetite-rich rocks at Adak and Sakkavare (Arjeplog).

The high-grade iron oxide ores occur mainly in volcanic rocks, although some are in sedimentary hosts. The high-grade iron sulfide ores occur mainly between sedimentary and volcanic rocks, although there are exceptions. The orebodies, as well as the oxide and the sulfide facies, are normally lenticular and show sharp contact relations. The bodies range in length from several tens of meters to several kilometers and in thickness from several decimeters to a hundred meters. In addition to the ore minerals, the ore lenses are sometimes banded with apatite, quartz, and/or skarn minerals. Intercalations of wall rocks or other tuffitic rocks are known in both the oxide and the sulfide ore facies. Manganese ores have an appearance similar to that of the other oxide and sulfide ores.

The nonferrous minerals do not always coincide with the massive oxide and sulfide ore concentrations; thus, one of the most important copper mines is a disseminated deposit. Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, and Au have been found outside the Skellefte district but not in massive sulfide ores, as is the case in the Skellefte district. The Skellefte district contains significant amounts of arsenic, as does the Tjamotis district. High potassium contents are commonly observed in areas where scapolite-bearing rocks coincide with oxide-type ores.

The remarkable lack of magnetite in the greenstones close to massive oxide ores suggests that the greenstones probably were the source rocks for these ores. Anhydrite lenses in the Kiirunavaara deposit may also have been derived from the greenstones. No suggestion concerning the source rock for the massive sulfide ores has been focused on any distinguishable rock in the literature about the Skellefte district.

Age determinations do not contradict an assumption that the mineralized belt between the Kiruna (mainly oxide facies) and Skellefte (mainly sulfide facies) districts originated during the same tectonic events. The age difference between the districts could simply reflect migration of volcanic sedimentary depocenters. The spatial relationship between some orebodies and conglomerates and eroded surfaces indicates that the ores were precipitated in shallow water, probably partly in the oxygenated environment and partly just below it. Scapolitization is at least in part related to primary evaporites.
Understanding Volcanic Massive Sulfides—Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Stanton R. L.
Published: November 2019

The exhalative theory of formation of conformable sulfides in the volcanic environment has existed for at least 140 years, since the time of the great French geologist Élie de Beaumont. His (and some of his contemporaries) observations of volcanic exhalation provided the basis for the development of the subsurface (plutonic) hydrofhermal replacement theory and hence, incidentally, for early ideas concerning massive sulfide formation. However, in spite of its ancient vintage, the exhalative idea remained relegated to a comparatively subordinate position in ore genesis theory for over 100 years, until the middle 1950s, when it suddenly came to prominence. By the end of 1955 it had been recognized that many of the world’s great conformable sulfide bodies were exhalative, that some of them were of volcanic island-arc affiliation, that ore type might be related to lava type and ore occurrence to highly restricted periods of volcanism, and that some great metallogenic regions—e.g., the Appalachians of North America and the Caledonides of Britain and Norway—might reflect old island-arc structures.

Until about 1968 it was tacitly assumed that the constituents of the ores and the solutions that carried them were of active magmatic derivation. Since then the seawater-subsea-floor leaching hypothesis has risen to prominence. In spite of the latter, however, there are several strong lines of evidence indicating that materials derived from active magmatism are very important. New and perhaps very significant evidence lies in the systematics of ore element distribution during the progressive crystallization of a basaltic volcanic melt, evidence which indicates that magmatic differentiation may well, after all, be of prime importance in the supplying of the metals.

This work suggests that two very important future lines of volcanogenic massive sulfide research will be in crystal-melt and melt-vapor partitioning in metal-bearing silicate systems.
The Evolution of Ideas about the Genesis of Stratiform Copper-Silver Deposits
Authors: Jowett E. Craig
Published: November 2019

Three stratiform Cu-Ag mining camps have greatly influenced genetic concepts in the scientific literature: the Kupferschiefer in Europe, the Zambia-Zaire or Central African copper belt, and White Pine in northern Michigan. Of these, the Kupferschiefer has the longest history, and many of the syngenetic-epigenetic arguments were first aired there. The syngenetic theory that dissolved salts precipitated copper in sea-floor mud was suggested by J. G. Lehmann in 1756. In 1807, J. C. Freiesleben attributed the contorted shape of fossil fish to their sudden death from copper poisoning. Because of the general stratiform nature of the ore, syngenesis was generally accepted throughout the nineteenth century. The presence of concentrated ore around Co-Ni veins (Rücken) in the Kupferschiefer convinced F. Beyschlag in 1889 and R. Beck in 1905 that the metals were hydrothermal in origin, and by 1920 this theory prevailed. However, when the Riicken enrichments were shown to postdate the stratiform mineralization and H. Schneiderhohn developed his 1923 bacteriogenic model, the syngenetic view returned to favor and predominated until the 1960s. In Africa, meantime, the epigenetic theory was firmly established after A. M. Bateman’s 1930 magmatic hydrothermal interpretation. However, Schneiderhohn in 1932 and W. G. Garlick and J. J. Brummer in the 1950s argued that replacement textures, high-temperature mineralogy, and “pegmatite” veins used as epigenetic evidence were actually postore, metamorphic effects and that the younger “intrusive” granites were actually basement. As a result, Garlick’s innovative syngenetic zonal theory, developed in the 1940s, was generally accepted by 1960. The consensus since then has been that the deposits formed from early diagenetic influx of fluids into reduced beds from underlying red beds. This diagenetic model was established from work done on mineral textures and zoning patterns by W. S. White, J. C. Wright, A. C. Brown, and W. C. Kelly (White Pine), P. Bartholome (Zaire), and J. Rentzsch and A. Rydzewski (Kupferschiefer) in the 1960s. Simultaneously, genetic associations with hydrocarbon-related fluid migration were being pursued by A. I. Germanov, I. F. Gablina, and others for the Dzhezkazgan deposit, USSR. The success of the diagenetic movement was facilitated by the basin dewatering model of F. W. Beales and S. A. Jackson of 1967, which provided a legitimate alternative to the two incompatible extremes of syngenesis and epigenesis. With the present emphasis on more quantitative techniques, recent research has focused on determining fluid-drive mechanisms, paleomagnetic and isotopic ages, cement zonation patterns, stable isotopes, and formation temperatures. Results are leading to more sophisticated physical and geochemical models of fluid flow and more refined models of genesis, which typically indicate a diagenetic origin related to sedimentary basin dewatering.
The Discovery of Serra dos Carajás
Authors: Machamer J. F. , Tolbert G. E. , L'esperance R. L.
Published: November 2019

Early in 1966, Cia. Meridional de Mineracao, a subsidiary of United States Steel Corporation (now USX Corporation), launched a major mineral exploration program in Brazil. The Pre-cambrian shield areas adjacent to the Amazon River were selected as targets because significant manganese deposits were known in the shield area north of the Amazon, the areas were largely unexplored, and they offered great potential for the discovery of world-class deposits. Manganese was the principal objective but not the only one.

Fieldwork started early in 1967. Several prominent topographic and photogeologic anomalies were observed on aerial photographs of a remote region south of the Itacaiunas River and were scheduled for field examination as soon as helicopter access could be arranged. Ground inspection showed the anomalies to be high plateaus covered by a ferruginous crust (canga) containing hematite fragments from underlying iron ore deposits. Immediate steps were taken to claim the area, and claim applications were filed in October 1967.

The identified iron ore resources of the Carajás region are reported to be about 18 billion metric tons containing 65 percent Fe. In economic terms the district ranks with the Witwa-tersrand as one of the world’s truly great mineral districts. Discovery of the deposits called the world’s attention to the mineral potential of Brazil and led to the discovery of major deposits of bauxite, copper, gold, manganese, nickel, tin, and other minerals in the area. Factors critical to the discovery of the Carajás deposits include management support for exploration into new and unknown regions, an enthusiastic and competent field team that was not deterred by significant hazards and discomforts, and the readiness at all levels to recognize and take advantage of unexpected opportunities.
Geological Outline of the Noril’sk Region
Authors: Duzhikov O.A. , Strunin B.M.
Published: November 2019

Present studies of the Noril’sk ore-bearing region permit one to re-evaluate its geological setting, the deep structure and the unique characteristics of the magmatism which contributed to the development of the sulfide copper-nickel deposits. At present the traditional view of the geological setting of the region as being a part of the boundary zone of the northwestern portion of the Siberian platform seems to be inadequate; this is because it is known that there is no evidence of large mineral deposits outside the region, in other boundary areas of the Siberian platform, despite the widespread nature of the copper-nickel mineralization. The need to identify the factors that determine the characteristics of the copper-nickel deposits of the Noril’sk region and the regional setting in which they are localized, as well as a valid explanation of the absence of similar deposits associated with trap magmatism elsewhere within the Siberian platform, is necessary and requires interpretation of additional geological, geophysical and petrological data in adjacent areas.

Recent multifaceted studies that have been devoted to understanding the evolution of the structure of the Noril’sk and other regions of the northern part of the Siberian platform [15, 26, 44, 59, 84, 106, 146, etc.] allow one to evaluate the formational conditions of the unique concentration of metals with respect to the geodynamic setting. They also allow one to be more confident in interpreting a structural development for this terrain in terms of the superposition on mature continental crust of tectonic movements that activated basalt
Deep Structure of the Noril’sk Region and Distribution of the Ore Formations
Authors: Duzhikov O.A.
Published: November 2019

The northern part of the Siberian platform and the Taimyr epi-platformal fold system, which are separated by the Yeneseisko-Khatangsky Rift, belong to the Precambrian North Asian superplatform [106]. The major metallogenic features are deposits of the North Siberian nickel-bearing area. The mineralization of the Noril’sk region, which is attributed to evolution of a mantle picritoidal melt, is a unique phenomenon, which has no analogues within the region. The ultramafic/mafic products of the nickel-bearing magmatism of the Noril’sk region are closely associated with trap and later magmatism which is spatially and genetically connected with various deposits that are associated with specific magmatic complexes.

The present interpretation of the deep structure, evolution of magmatism and endogenic ore formation of the region is based on results of recent complex geological and geophysical [1, 15, 22, 45, 109, 1l7, 128, 138] and metallogenic [20, 33, 37, 60, 85, 106, 135] studies.

The northern part of the Siberian platform, as well as the Southern Taimyr fold belt, being the relict constituent elements of the northern Asian craton, have developed as a result of multiple, but mainly late Hercynian, autonomous activity, as seen in the intense rifting. The North Asian craton extended from the Ural belt to Verkhoyanya, and from the Northzemelsky archipelago up to the Sayan (mountains). In Archean and Early Proterozoic times this vast terrain was a fold-belt which was later split by aulacogenes into huge blocks that developed during the Riphean and Paleozoic as a unique, gigantic structure. The trap field of
Female Directors, Family Ownership and Firm Performance in Jordan
Authors: Saidat Zaid , Seaman Claire , Silva Mauricio , Al-Haddad Lara , Marashdeh Zyad
Published: November 2019

This study examines the impact of female directors on the financial performance of family and non-family Jordanian firms. A sample of 103 Jordanian public firms listed on Amman Stock Exchange for the time period 2009-2015 was selected. The study had a quantitative approach and used a panel data methodology. The data analysis was conducted using Ordinary Least Square Regression. ROA and Tobin’s Q were deployed as measurement of financial performance. The appointment of female directors does not have any significant impact on the financial performance of family firms. However, with regard to non-family firms, female directors appeared to have a negative impact on the performance of these firms. The impact of female directors on family firm performance merits further research in the context of different countries and cultures. Appointments based on qualifications and expertise is more likely to have a positive impact. Jordan is an under-researched area where the impact of female directors on the firm performance would merit further research. Differentiating between the impact of female directors on family and non-family firms would also merit further research, especially in the context of the conditions under which they are appointed.
Meniscal Root Injuries
Authors: Krych Aaron J. , Hevesi Mario , Leland Devin P. , Stuart Michael J.
Published: November 2019

Meniscal root tears are an increasingly recognized injury leading to notable functional limitations, potential rapid cartilage deterioration of the affected compartment, and subsequent risk of total knee arthroplasty if left untreated. Repair of these tears is advised when articular cartilage remains intact because both medial and lateral meniscus root repairs have demonstrated favorable results. Recent literature demonstrates decreased rates of osteoarthritis and arthroplasty after medial meniscus root repair compared with partial meniscectomy and nonsurgical management. The transtibial pull-out repair technique is most commonly used and provides a biomechanically strong suture construct with standard and familiar knee arthroscopy portals. Furthermore, repair has recently been shown to be economically effective by decreasing overall societal healthcare costs when compared with more conservative management strategies. This review outlines the evaluation, treatment, and documented outcomes of meniscal root repair, which is imperative to the preservation of knee function and maintaining quality of life.
Outcomes of trimodality bladder-sparing therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Nguyen Eric K. , Yu Hang , Pond Gregory , Shayegan Bobby , Pinthus Jehonathan H. , Kapoor Anil , Mukherjee Som D. , Neville Alan , Lalani Aly-Khan A. , Hotte Sebastien J. , Corbett Thomas B. , Dayes Ian S. , Lukka Himanshu R.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Although radical cystectomy is considered the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), recent data has suggested comparable survival outcomes for bladder-sparing trimodality therapy (TMT). We conducted a retrospective, single-institution analysis of MIBC patients to evaluate the efficacy of TMT as an alternative, curative approach to surgical intervention.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of MIBC patients assessed by a multidisciplinary team at the Juravinski Cancer Centre from 2010–2016. Patients underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Patients could receive neoadjuvant treatment. Clinical data and response rates were summarized, and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results: Our analytic cohort included 115 patients, of whom 53 underwent TMT and 62 who underwent radiotherapy alone following TURBT. Median age at diagnosis was 79 years and median followup was 21 months. Complete response rates in those receiving TMT and radiation without chemotherapy were 84.4% and 66.7%, respectively. For TMT patients, three-year OS and DFS were 68.5% and 49.6%, respectively. Patients who received TMT had reduction in risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49; p=0.026) and disease recurrence (HR 0.55; p=0.017) compared to those who had radiation without chemotherapy. Overall, four patients had grade 3 or higher late toxicity.

Conclusions: In this single-institution analysis, TMT appears to be a safe and effective approach in the short-term management of MIBC in appropriately selected patients. Extended followup and analysis are necessary to validate these results.
Effect of centralization on complex surgical care: A population-based case study of radical cystectomy
Authors: Siemens D. Robert , Visram Kash , Wei Xuejiao , Booth Christopher
Published: November 2019

Introduction: We sought to determine whether non-mandated or passive centralization of radical cystectomy (RC) to higher-volume centers leads to enhanced processes-of-care and outcomes.

Methods: This is a population-based, retrospective cohort study that used the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR) to identify all incident patients who underwent RC from 1994‒2013. Electronic records of treatment were linked to OCR; pathology records were obtained for all cases and reviewed by a team of trained data abstractors. The primary objective was to describe annual provider RC volumes. Secondary objectives included investigating process and outcome measures.

Results: For the 5574 patients identified, the mean annual surgeon volume and hospital volume of RC during 1994–2008 was 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.4–4.7) and 12.2 (95% CI 11.8–12.5), respectively. From 2009‒2013, these volumes significantly increased to 6.8 (95% CI 6.5–7. 1) and 16.4 (95% CI 15.8–16.9). Process variables improved over time, including the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Over the study period, there was a substantial improvement in cancer-specific survival (CSS): hazard ratio (HR) 0.60 (95% CI 0.53‒0.67) for 2009‒2013. During the most recent era, there was still evidence of a provider volume effect on both process measures and CSS.

Conclusions: There has been recent passive centralization of RC to higher-volume providers in the province of Ontario with measurable improvements in processes of quality care. Although centralization was also associated with improvement in CSS, in the most recent era, there continues to be low-volume providers with a residual volume-outcome effect.
Gender disparity within academic Canadian urology
Authors: Ilin Julius , Langlois Emilie , Jalal Sabeena , Khosa Faisal
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Increasing female matriculation into medical school has shown an increase in women training in academic urology, but gender disparity still exists within this male-dominated field. This study aims to evaluate publication productivity and rank differences of Canadian female and male academic urologists.

Methods: The Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) was used to compile a list of 12 Canadian accredited urology programs. Using each institution’s website, faculty members’ names, genders, academic positions, and leadership ranks were noted. SCOPUS© was consulted to tabulate the number of documents published, citations, and h-index of each faculty member. To account for temporal bias associated with the h-index, the m-quotient was also computed.

Results: There was a significantly higher number of men (164, 88.17%) among academic faculty than women (22, 11.83%). As academic rank increased, the proportion of female urologists decreased. Overall, male urologists had higher academic ranks, h-index values, number of publications, and citations (p=0.038, p=0.0038, p=0.0011, and p=0.014, respectively). There was an insignificant difference between men and women with respect to their m-quotient medians (p=0.25).

Conclusions: There is an increasing number of women completing residency in urology, although there are disproportionally fewer female urologists at senior academic positions. Significant differences were found in the h-index, publication count, and citation number between male and female urologists. When using the m-quotient to adjust for temporal bias, no significant differences were found between the gender in terms of academic output.
Factors Contributing to Delayed Health Seeking Behaviours Among Adolescents
Authors: Mboweni Ripfumelo F. , Sumbane Gsakani O.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: Most adolescents for various reasons fail to go and seek for health care regarding health risks and challenges until they are faced with the complications. The socio-cultural belief concerning the causes of illnesses and its characteristic has correlation with the treatment seeking behaviour of an individual.

OBJECTIVES: The study explored and described factors contributing to delayed health-seeking behaviours amongst adolescents in Kutlwanong clinic, North West Province.

METHOD: This was a qualitative study designed using a phenomenological approach. Individual semi-structured in-depth interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. 8 Steps of Tesch’s inductive, descriptive open coding technique by Creswell was used followed by independent coding. Purposive sampling recruited fourteen participants aged 15–18 years. Trustworthiness criteria adhered to were credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability. Ethical clearance was sought with the University of Limpopo.

RESULTS: Factors that negatively impact adolescents’ health-seeking behavior include the negative attitude of nurses and community, influenced by peers, shortage of medicine, lack of services throughout weekends, long queues, waiting times, distance, and lack of knowledge. Family planning and antenatal care were the common reason for seeking health care.

CONCLUSION: Being aware of factors contributing to delay health-seeking behaviours will facilitate with setting future priorities to guard the health, well-being, and dignity of adolescents. The impacts of youth programs must be monitored on a regular basis to assess the needs and capabilities of specific facilities. Clinic manager to ensure compliance with the national core standards to meet adolescent’s immediate expectations.
Reasons Why Vegetable Cultivation Increases or Does not Increase Vegetable Intake among Adult Vegetable Growers Living in a City in Gunma Prefecture, Japan: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Machida Daisuke , Yoshida Tohru
Published: November 2019

We examined the reasons why vegetable cultivation increases or does not increase vegetable intake among adult Japanese vegetable growers. A qualitative cross-sectional study using a self-completed anonymous questionnaire was sent to participants (aged 20–74 years residing in three areas of a city in Gunma Prefecture, Japan) in September 2016. The questionnaire addressed perceptions of whether vegetable cultivation would increase vegetable intake, with four possible answers: strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree. Respondents were then asked reasons for their view, with free-text responses. We also asked about participants’ characteristics and whether they found that growing vegetables had changed their vegetable intake and access to vegetables. We categorized the free-text answers by content. We analyzed 442 answers, and reasons for vegetable growing increasing vegetable intake were grouped into five categories: “availability,” “purpose of cultivation,” “quality,” “increased positive emotions toward vegetables,” and “unconsciousness”; for it not increasing intake were also grouped into five categories: “limited quantities,” “negative emotions toward vegetables,” “cultivation for a purpose other than eating vegetables,” “access to vegetables from other sources,” and “limits associated with self-cultivation.”
Experimental investigations on electrorheological properties of lubricating oils containing ionic liquid.
Part. 1. Investigations with modified Brookfield DV-III Ultra Viscosimeter
Authors: Juda Jarosław , Kałdoński Tomasz Jan , Kałdoński Tadeusz
Published: November 2019

The results of experimental investigations on electrorheological (ER) properties of lubricating oils which contain ionic liquids, are presented in this article. The investigations were carried out on the special stand which was projected for this aim. On this stand there was used the modified Brookfield viscosimeter. Electrorheological properties of two mixtures were tested, i.e., silicone damping liquid GP-1 which is polimethylsiloksane mixture containing 2% (v/v) of ionic liquid CJ 001, i.e., tetrafluoroboran 1-methyl-3-octyloxymethylimidazolium as well as base polialfaolefine oil PAO-6 which contains 2% (v/v) of ionic liquid CJ 008, i.e., trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Selection of components of both mixtures was based on the results of investigations of miscible and on evaluation of basic phys-chem properties. The investigations showed that the made mixtures have generated the ER effect, but it was short-lived effect, suggesting the changes of inner structure of these mixtures. Therefore, we have planned the next investigations, among others dielectric spectroscopy and microscope observations in situ of these mixtures in external electric fields. The aim of those investigations will be to record the fading ER effect and to understand this mechanism.
Keywords: electrorheological effect, homogenous mixtures, lubricants, ionic liquids
Chemical weapon in the 20th and 21st centuries. Part 2. Nerve agents ‒ G group
Authors: Kloske Marcin , Witkiewicz Zygfryd
Published: November 2019

The aim of this publication is to review the state of the art in the field of chemical weapons. It contains the knowledge about the G group of chemical compounds that are part of the phosphorous-organic combat paralytic and seizure poisonous agents from their discovery to 1970. G group compounds are also referred to as G series compounds, G compounds, G-gases, G gases, are a subgroup of paralytic-convulsant combat poisonous agents that inhibit acetylcholinesterase. The paper contains basic data on this group of compounds, still considered as an important component of chemical weapons.
Keywords: phosphororganic chemical agents, chemical weapon, II World War, post-war period, Cold War
Sand-lime bricks with addition of basalt powder
Authors: Kostrzewa Paulina
Published: November 2019

The purpose of the work is to modify traditional lime-sand products with the addition of basalt dust. It is to improve the physical and mechanical parameters of the material. Thanks to this, bricks will have a better price / quality ratio and will be a more interesting solution for potential customers. To the silicate mass of raw material, after the process of extinguishing the lime in the mass, a modifier in the form of basalt dust was added, and then bricks were formed and autoclaved. The effect of the applied additive on the quality of products, made of the prepared mass, was evaluated on the basis of a comparative analysis of traditional lime-sand products and products modified with the addition of basalt dust. The tests were carried out in accordance with the methodology included in the standards. Replacing the part of traditional silicate mass with basalt dust at the production stage had a positive effect on the processes occurring during the autoclaving of the discussed products. The additive under hydrothermal conditions reacted with lime and silica to form additional amounts of the C-S-H phase. The use of basalt dust, in the amount of 5-20% in relation to the mass of raw materials, gave an improvement in compressive strength by up to 100% compared to samples without a modifier.
Keywords: silicates, ecology, basalt powder, environment, sand-lime products, microstructure
Enhancing Sequence Stratigraphic Concepts Through the Integration of Seismic Stratigraphy and Seismic Geomorphology with Process Sedimentology—Positive Feedback Loops that Result in Improved Stratigraphic and Lithologic Predictions
Authors: Posamentier Henry W.
Published: November 2019

Seismic stratigraphic and seismic geomorphologic observations can yield comprehensive sequence stratigraphic interpretations. When these interpretations incorporate process sedimentological inferences, more robust interpretations are produced. In practice, each informs the other, creating a strong positive feedback loop that results in a more comprehensive interpretation. Moreover, considerations of process sedimentology can lead to extension of interpretations both up-system and down-system of study areas. The end result will be enhanced regional lithologic prediction. Two examples are used to illustrate this work flow: deep-water channels and deep-water terminal fans. In the former, the architecture of channel fills implies an early erosional phase associated with relatively large flows, which commonly characterize early lowstand periods. This early erosional phase, having little to no preserved deposits due to repeated cannibalization, creates the “container” that will ultimately provide the accommodation for sedimentation. Subsequently, this sedimentation occurs during late lowstand, which is characterized by relatively smaller, less energetic flows that result in a net depositional phase. Considerations of process sedimentology shed light both on the genesis of deposits within the channel as well as what has occurred up-system where associated flows originated. In the case of deep-water terminal fans, the succession of depositional systems as documented by seismic stratigraphic and seismic geomorphologic data is interpreted through the lens of process sedimentology, resulting in enhanced understanding of the depositional sequence that is preserved and enhanced lithologic predictability. In this case as well, this integrated work flow results in predictions relevant to both up-system and down-system deposits.
Stratigraphic Sweet Spots—Exploration Insights from a Eustatic Model
Authors: van Buchem Frans , Simmons Mike
Published: November 2019

The successful application of sequence stratigraphy in the petroleum industry is linked to its capability to predict stratigraphic architecture accurately. This includes the distribution and nature of petroleum system elements (reservoir, source rock, and seal) away from subsurface control points. These predictions generally address the intermediate, or third-order sequence scale, and related systems tracts. An up-scaled view can help determine the long-term temporal and large-scale spatial stratigraphic patterns link to eustasy and related or coinciding global events. The ultimate objective of such an endeavor is to identify and predict stratigraphic sweet spots (i.e., those moments in time when all factors align to create effective petroleum habitats). The existence of such sweet spots is demonstrated by the uneven distribution of petroleum resources throughout geological time.

A two-stepped approach is advocated to identify stratigraphic sweet spots. First, the character of the sea-level curve is documented, paying particular attention to amplitude and frequency. Secondly, its relationship to other global events and the resulting stratigraphic patterns are illustrated. Two examples are presented — the hydrocarbon-rich Lower Cretaceous Aptian and Valanginian stages. In both cases, well documented, high-amplitude sea-level fluctuations occur, but they are characterized by very different petroleum habitats. Factors responsible for this difference are the rate of sea-level fluctuations, the coincidence with an Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE), and the plate tectonic configuration.
Erosion and Ponding of Thunder Horse Deep-Water Turbidites by Mass Transport Complexes in Mississippi Canyon Based on Image Log Sedimentology
Authors: Henry Lindsey C. , Wadsworth Jennifer A. , Hansen Birger
Published: November 2019

Stacked mass transport deposits interbedded with turbidite sandstone reservoirs were characterized in detail from image logs at Thunder Horse, a conventional asset located in the Boarshead mini-basin, lower Mississippi Canyon, Gulf of Mexico. Image logs visualize the borehole wall, allowing bedding boundary information and some sedimentary fabric to be identified. From bedding boundaries, dip azimuths and magnitudes can be calculated, and depositional processes can be inferred from patterns in the dips. Dips in the primary sandstone reservoirs show little variation (< 20°) in structural tilt, indicating continuous deposition by high density turbidity currents prior to major structural deformation and are thus the best proxy for regional structural dip. In contrast, dips in 80% of all mudrocks in this canyon show widely varying dip magnitude and azimuth over small and large scales and are interpreted as having been deposited by slumps, slides, and folds, building up to form mass transport complexes. Only very rarely do we observe mudrock dips that are conformable to the regional dip and strike.

Unconformable bedding contacts at the tops of the sandstone reservoirs in northern Thunder Horse suggest scouring and erosion by overlying mass transport deposits, whereas basal sandstone contacts are in conformance with structural dip, suggesting amalgamation. On seismic data, albeit low-resolution due to the overhanging salt canopy, the mass transport complexes appear to build up into a gradual mound.

Core was acquired in the upper 60 m of the mass transport complex, revealing convoluted and folded bedding capped by highly bioturbated marl, which is thought to represent a Glossifungites hiatal surface resulting from the mass transport complexes building up a topographic high, forcing subsequent debris and turbidite flows to travel around rather than over that location. The topographic high ponded the overlying reservoir behind it, preferentially thickening the sandstone reservoir behind the mound. Thus, mass transport complexes were found to both erode and augment sandstone reservoirs. Biostratigraphic dating of the two reservoirs brackets their deposition as occurring in <400,000 years during the Serravalian, Middle Miocene, probably as a result of the Harang shelf failure.

As a case study this type of integrated, high resolution data (core, image logs, seismic) has wide applicability to other deepwater, subsalt reservoirs, as improved structural and depositional interpretations inform reservoir performance and impact future well plans. Further, recognition of mass transport complexes as agents of reservoir compartmentalization and sandstone ponding allow for more accurate reserve estimation.
Die Gerichtsstandvereinbarung zwischen ZPO, EuGVVO und HGÜ
Authors: Danelzik Kai Stefan
Published: November 2019

For most companies, choice of court agreements are one of the most important legal instruments, with the result that legal certainty and transparency are essential for the functioning of (international) choice of court agreements. This study deals in detail with the legal bases relevant to choice of court agreements and the problems of demarcation that arise with regard to the different constellations of choice of court agreements in international legal relations. The analysis the study conducts shows that with regard to the priority of applying the EU Directive 44/2001 over the German civil procedure code (ZPO), hardly any conceivable area of application for the German ZPO remains. Accordingly, against the background of the results found, the study makes a reform proposal which largely aligns the ZPO with the aforementioned European Directive in order to avoid legal uncertainty and to harmonise the law on choice of court agreements within the European Union.
Die Gewalt der Demokratie
Authors: Waldow Valerie
Published: November 2019

Democratic war study – drawing upon the notion of a specific democratic inclination to the use of force – is the study of democracy without democracy. This is the conclusion drawn by Valerie Waldow in her conceptual analysis of current interpretations of the relationship between democracy, liberalism and war. The author shows that even critical approaches in this area tie on liberal assumptions about the international and generalise a hermetic conception of democracy. In this way, they remain attached to democratic-theoretical weaknesses of previous research on Democratic Peace and reproduce its ideological effects. Drawing upon the notion of the essential contestability of political concepts the book concludes with a plea for the politicisation of research into democratic war.
Just War Theory: Feminist Critique as a Practical Alternative to Revisionism
Authors: Tobiáš Hošman Mirek
Published: November 2019

For more than a decade now, a debate has taken place between revisionists and traditionalists about some of the constitutive aspects and the nature of the just war theory. This article argues that revisionism has not been able to provide a practical alternative to the traditional just war theory and that we can satisfy some of the main practical aims of revisionism even within the traditional just war theory framework. The article then briefly introduces the feminist critique of the just war tradition recently presented by Rosemary Kellison and argues that Kellison’s approach promises a more appropriate practical reform programme for the just war debate. Moreover, the practical perspective of Kellison’s account is able to contain some of the aims of revisionism without containing its shortcomings such as its counterintuitive conclusions or deflecting too far from the traditional just war theory.
Factors Determining Polish Parliamentarians’ Tweets on Migration: A Case Study of Poland
Authors: Żakowska Marzena , Domalewska Dorota
Published: November 2019

This article examines migration-themed tweets issued by Polish MPs on the social media platform Twitter by presenting patterns in the narrative on migration as well as identifying determinants affecting politicians’ discourse. The study fills a gap in the literature on the way political leaders discuss migration on social media. The empirical investigation proves that Polish parliamentarians frame their migration tweets around three dominant topics: threat, humanitarian and/or financial aid, and opportunities. The discussion on migration is shaped by several factors: the complexity of the issue, mainly in the area of adopted legislative procedures and mechanisms for their implementation (the political factor), the public response (the social factor), and the public perception of migrants which, in turn, is influenced by existing prejudices and stereotypes (the psychological factor). The complexity of the above-mentioned factors results in direct implications, i.e. the emergence of difficulties affecting the decision-making process of a politician as well as the occurrence of specific reactions of the public to the discussion of the migration topic. In addition, they lead to indirect implications, i.e. the emergence of factors – challenges, threats, opportunities, and risks – that on one hand affect the politician’s rhetoric on migration, and on the other hand contribute to shaping public opinion as well as reinforcing or weakening social fears, anxieties, prejudice, and stereotypes.
Natural Meanings and Cultural Values
Authors: James Simon P. ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: November 2019

In many cases, rivers, mountains, forests, and other so-called natural entities have value for us because they contribute to our well-being. According to the standard model of such value, they have instrumental or “service” value for us on account of their causal powers. That model tends, however, to come up short when applied to cases when nature contributes to our well-being by virtue of the religious, political, historical, personal, or mythic meanings it bears. To make sense of such cases, a new model of nature’s value is needed, one that registers the fact that nature can have constitutive value for us on account of the role it plays in certain meaningful wholes, such as a person’s sense of who he or she is.
Artifacts and the Limitations of Moral Considerability
Authors: Hoły-Łuczaj Magdalena ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: November 2019

Environmental philosophy always presents detailed distinctions concerning the kinds of natural beings that can be granted moral considerability, when discussing this issue. In contrast, artifacts, which are excluded from the scope of moral considerability, are treated as one homogenous category. This seems problematic. An attempt to introduce certain distinctions in this regard—by looking into dissimilarities between physical and digital artifacts—can change our thinking about artifacts in ethical terms, or more precisely, in environmentally ethical terms.
Against Voluntarism about Doxastic Responsibility
Authors: White Stephen J. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2019

According to the view Rik Peels defends in Responsible Belief (2017), one is responsible for believing something only if that belief was the result of choices one made voluntarily, and for which one may be held responsible. Here, I argue against this voluntarist account of doxastic responsibility and in favor of the rationalist position that a person is responsible for her beliefs insofar as they are under the influence of her reason. In particular, I argue that the latter yields a more plausible account of the conditions under which ignorance may serve as an excuse for wrongdoing.
Commentary On The Character Gap
Authors: Snow Nancy E. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2019

This book is an important example of how philosophers can make their work better known to the nonacademic public without sacrificing too much by way of rigor. Miller’s academic work stands at the intersection of philosophy and psychology: he draws on a wide array of psychological studies to help make the case for ‘mixed traits.’ He does the same here, though in a very accessible way. Here I remark on ways in which I think the book might have been stronger, and engage with some of the psychological studies. Finally, I introduce a recent meta-analysis of 24,512 controlled psychological studies of helping behavior (Lefevor et al., “To What Degree Do Situational Influences Explain Spontaneous Helping Behaviour?” 2017). I am curious whether Lefevor et al.’s conclusions will induce Miller to rethink his approach to helping studies or will have other implications for his future research.
Environmental education: importance in the preservation of soils and water
Authors: Carvalho Nathália Leal , Barcellos Afonso Lopes
Published: November 2019

O processo de produção do espaço, seja ele urbano ou rural, resulta na apropriação cada vez maior dos recursos naturais e, via de regra, gera impactos negativos ao ambiente. A educação dos solos e da água, uma das tantas dimensões da educação ambiental - EA, é um processo educacional que privilegia uma concepção do termo sustentabilidade versus a relação do homem com a natureza. Com o objetivo de elucidar e discorrer sobre o tema, e como devemos abordá-lo na escola de uma forma participativa e que gere bons resultados foi elaborado este trabalho. Desta forma, existem inúmeras metodologias ativas, inserindo a EA, bem como a educação em solos e água, as quais colocam-se como um processo de formação que precisa ser dinâmico, permanente e participativo, na busca por uma “consciência ambiental” e um ambiente sustentável.
Sous-entendus, contradictions et silences narratifs : une relecture du récit attribué à Marquette dans Thévenot (1681)
Authors: Broué Catherine
Published: November 2019

Le caractère lacunaire des sources historiques sur l’exploration jésuite du Mississippi entre 1672 et 1674 a conduit bien des chercheurs à s’interroger sur la paternité et la fiabilité de ces textes, dont une version a été publiée en 1681 par un éditeur de récits de voyages, Melchisédech Thévenot, à qui certains chercheurs ont imputé les incohérences qui s’y trouvent. Un examen attentif de la dimension implicite de ce récit met en lumière sa construction délibérément ambigüe. Cet examen permet d’esquisser un scénario de voyage complexe où figurent au moins deux missionnaires et impliquant davantage d’étapes (voire, d’expéditions) que ce que l’on a cru jusqu’ici, notamment une incursion sur le Missouri. Le retour du récollet Louis Hennepin de son périple à l’ouest des Grands Lacs et la découverte imminente de l’embouchure de ce fleuve par la troupe de Cavelier de La Salle pourraient expliquer que la Compagnie de Jésus ait voulu s’assurer la primeur d’au moins une partie d’une exploration entamée par Claude Allouez, mais passée sous silence jusqu’alors.
Les travailleurs temporaires étrangers au Québec. Quels avantages pour les travailleurs qualifiés ?
Authors: Bélanger Danièle , Ouellet Myriam , Fleury Charles
Published: November 2019

La littérature scientifique sur les travailleurs temporaires au Canada porte principalement sur ceux occupant des emplois peu qualifiés. Or, des milliers d’emplois exigeant des niveaux élevés de qualification sont également occupés par des travailleurs temporaires. Basé sur 26 entretiens qualitatifs, cet article analyse les parcours et les expériences de travailleurs temporaires « qualifiés » au Québec à la lumière de la « temporairité » de leur statut. Nos résultats montrent que, malgré un régime de droits les favorisant, ces travailleurs sont sujets à une double précarité, à la fois en tant que résidents et en tant que travailleurs temporaires. D’un point de vue conceptuel, nous invitons à repenser la notion de précarité pour l’ensemble des travailleurs temporaires et à la nécessité d’élargir les analyses au-delà de quelques programmes ou de la nationalité des travailleurs temporaires.
L’émigration en action. Activités, stratégies et contraintes d’un couple brésilien middling
Authors: Schlobach Monica
Published: November 2019

Cet article traite du processus de prise de décision d’un couple d’ingénieurs brésiliens lors de leur immigration au Québec. La méthode d’analyse est celle des récits de vie. Quatre défis ont été identifiés lors du processus de préparation migratoire : (1) l’annonce de la décision migratoire ; (2) la maîtrise de la langue ; (3) le manque d’informations concernant les démarches à suivre et (4) l’incertitude concernant la capacité d’adaptation à la société de destination. L’analyse indique que la migration se décide d’abord dans la société de départ, se construit à partir des réseaux sociaux des migrants dans la société d’origine et se prépare par la mobilisation et la création de nouvelles ressources, dont les réseaux sociaux virtuels établis avec les immigrants dans la société d’arrivée.