bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Design on Coal Mining Machinery System
Authors: Zhou Hua Wen
Published: July 2014

The rational design of coal mining machinery improves the efficiency of coal production and reduces the production cost. Basing on specific mining examples, a set of mining machinery system was obtained by technologically analyzing the calculation of production efficiency, as well as the selection of mining machinery, supporting device, and conveyor etc.
System Precision of Thermal Insulating Door in Environmental Laboratory
Authors: Zhou Hua Wen
Published: July 2014

Thermal insulating door is a critical component of environmental laboratory. By analyzing the structure, manufacturing and installing precision of thermal insulating door, the installation error of guide, and the selection of elements applied in electric control system of thermal insulating door etc, the research proposed the method of ensuring the system precision of thermal insulating door.
Electrical Conductivity and Breakdown Characteristics of SiC/LSR Nanocomposites at Different Temperatures
Authors: Shang Nan Qiang , Chen Qing Guo , Qin Yan Jun , Chi Ming He , Wei Xin Lao
Published: July 2014

In high voltage direct current (HVDC) cable accessories, there is a large difference of conductivity between crosses linked polyethylene (XLPE) and liquid silicone rubber (LSR), especially considering the presence of temperature gradient and the changing of operating temperature. In this paper, nano silicon carbide (SiC) was adopted to prepare five kinds of nanocomposites with filler fractions of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%, respectively. The conductivity and DC breakdown strength of SiC/LSR nanocomposites were measured under different temperatures. The results show that the nano SiC doping does not has the great influence on LSR DC breakdown strength, and the nano SiC doping can improve the conductivity of LSR effectively, which can realize the conductivity matching between the LSR and XLPE to homogenize the electric field distribution in cable accessory.
The Design and Verification of VGA Controller
Authors: Yu Bin , Guang Yang
Published: July 2014

CORDIC Algorithm is widely applicable to the hardware implementation of DSP, and it attaches a great importance in many hardware implementations of DSP for a lot of arithmetic operations are simplified to simple addition operations and shifting operations. The FPGA implement of sine and cosine functions are achieved through CORDIC Algorithm in the paper, and the input and output data of the entire structure complies with IEEE754 standards. The basic theory of CORDIC Algorithm is introduced first in the paper, then the hardware iterative formula and the flow chart get out of basic formulas are given, and the structure of the design is introduced in detail, at last synthesis and simulation results are given.
The Fabrication and Characteristics of CuPc Thin Film Phototransistor
Authors: Zhang Yong Shuang , Zhu Min , Wang Dong Xing , Wang Ze Ying , Wang Yue Yue , Yin Jing Hua
Published: July 2014

Organic transistors consist of a vertical type are promising due to their shorter channel length. We have fabricated a vertical structure thin film phototransistor: ITO/CuPc/Al/CuPc/Cu. Detected this device and then the results show that the I-V properties of the transistors exhibit unsaturated characteristics and photosensitive characteristics. When Vec=3V, amplification factor of the device without light is 16.5 and the 625nm light amplification factor is 266.2.
Research of Silicon-Based Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Cao Shan Shan
Published: July 2014

The objective of this study is to investigate appropriate configuration used for micro direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). We designed grid and spiral flow fields of electrode plate and simulated with ANSYS. Using silicon-based micro–electro–mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to fabricate the DMFCs with different flow fields and tested at room temperature. Grid flow field can effectively improve methanol mass transport performance and exhibit higher cell efficiency than spiral flow field, demonstrating 13 mAcm-2 and 3.9 mAcm-2 in peak current density respectively and the peak difference of power density is nearly an order of magnitude. We tested Cell performance in different concentration methanol and it shows the best performance in concentration 2M.
The Design and Characterization of Three-Dimension Metamaterial for Terahertz Frequencies
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Yue , He Yu Lin , Zhang Wen Chao , Wang Xuan
Published: July 2014

We present the design and characterization of a three-dimension metamaterial consisted of a Jerusalem cross unit cell on the each side of cube lattice substrate for terahertz frequencies. The retrieved effective medium parameters from scattering data prove that the three-dimension metamaterial has a negative permeability and permittivity in wide frequencies range of 1.47-1.73 THz. We demonstrate that the three-dimension can be regarded as a polarization insensitive absorber with an absorptivity of 46% at 1.49 THz. Such designed materials may find numerous applications ranging from the active element in a thermal detector to terahertz stealth technology.
The Effect of Components Based on Synchronous Radiation SAXS on Micro-Structure of PI/TiO2 Nano-Composite Film
Authors: Yao Lei , Yin Jing Hua , Li Guang You , Liu Xiao Xu , Mo Guang
Published: July 2014

In this report, the micro structure of PI/ TiO2films with different components prepared by in-situ polymerization method is researched by XRD, TEM, synchrotron radiation SAXS. Its micro structure characteristics include nano-particles distribution, PI molecule chains spacing and interface layer thickness. The experimental result shows that after doping, particle radius is almost 10nm, and cluster of nano-particles became more serious with increase of components, however, the spacing of PI molecule chains decreases 5.238 Å-4.625 Å. The scattering curves occurs negative deflection in Debye theory, it shows that there are interface layers with thicknesses in the range 0.7nm-2.1nm between nano-particles and composite matrix. Through analyzing the three kinds of micro structure change, it shows that when the component is 15 wt.%, the micro-structure of composite film is the optimal.
PIC/MCC Simulations for the Oxygen Microwave Breakdown at Atmospheric Conditions
Authors: Wang Hui Hui , Liu Da Gang , Liu La Qun , Meng Lin
Published: July 2014

In this paper, the code of Particle-In-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision (PIC/MCC) for oxygen microwave breakdown is developed. This code is based on the three dimensional particle-in-cell platform CHIPIC, and with a module for increasing the charge of each super-particle. With this PIC/MCC code, the multiplication rate of the electron density and the delay time in oxygen breakdown at atmospheric conditions are researched. The results show: the multiplication rate of the electron density is periodic, and its period is the half of the electric field period; the breakdown delay time in the gas breakdown increases while the frequency of electric field or the gas pressure increases.
Study on Photoluminescence Quenching of CdSe Core/Shell Quantum Dots with Organic Charge Transferring Material
Authors: Qu Yu Qiu , Zhang Liu Yang , An Li Min , Wei Hong , Li Gui Fan
Published: July 2014

The effect of organic charge transferring material (CTM) on fluorescence of CdSe/ZnS and CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) are investigated by spectral methods. With the increase of organic molecular concentration, CTM can greatly quench the fluorescence of QDs and shorten the fluorescence lifetime of QDs. In the process of interacting with CTM, the efficiency of fluorescence quenching for CdSe/ZnS is significantly higher than that for CdSe/CdS/ZnS. The results of experiment show that the shell structure of QDs plays the major role in photoluminescence (PL) quenching. The mechanism of PL quenching of QDs is also analyzed.
Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Ni-Cu-Zn Ferrites with Alternative Fuel of Carbon Powder
Authors: Wang Zhen Hua , Jiang Jiu Xing , Tan Chang Long , Zhu Zhi Han , Xu Fan
Published: July 2014

Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite powders were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) using carbon powder with different mass fractions as fuel. The effects of carbon content in the raw materials on the phase composition, microstructure, density and magnetic property of the Ni-Cu-Zn powders were investigated by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM), respectively. The results show that the use of carbon as a fuel brings no other impurities and improved the permeability. The single spinel phase powder was obtained when the precursor materials with a carbon powder of 5% in mass were used.
Design of a High Performance CMOS Bandgap Voltage Reference
Authors: Guang Yang , Yu Bin , Hai Huang
Published: July 2014

Bandgap voltage reference, to provide a temperature and power supply insensitive output voltage, is a very important module in the analog integrated circuits and mixed-signal integrated circuits. In this paper, a high performance CMOS bandgap with low-power consumption has been designed. It can get the PTAT (Proportional to absolute temperature) current, and then get the reference voltage. Based on 0.35μm CMOS process, using HSPICE 2008 software for circuit simulation, the results showed that , when the temperature changes from -40 to 80 °C, the proposed circuit’s reference voltage achieve to 1.2V, temperature coefficient is 3.09ppm/°C. Adopt a series of measures, like ESD protection circuit, in layout design. The ultimately design through the DRC and LVS verification, and the final layout size is 700μm * 560μm.
Type Conversion of Undoped NiO Thin Films Fabricated by Electron Beam Evaporation Technique
Authors: Liang Qing Cheng , Zhao Man , Jiang Da Yong , Wang Xin , Zhao Jian Xun , Gao Shang , Qin Jie Ming , Hou Jian Hua , Cui Yuan
Published: July 2014

As an important semiconductor, nickel oxide (NiO) films deposited by electron beam evaporation are reported scarcely. In this study, undoped NiO films were deposited on quartz by electron beam evaporation technique, and annealed at different temperature in a pure oxygen atmosphere. The electrical characterization of NiO films were investigated using Hall effect measurements. The results show that the film conduction types of n, p, and high resistivity appear in proper order with the increasing temperature. The mechanism is further explicated by the SEM and Raman measurements. The oxygen atoms are introduced by the thermal treatment under oxygen ambience. The amount of atoms is more and more with the increasing temperature and it results in becoming larger grain size of the film while the conduction type converting. High resistivity of the film reveals that some oxygen atoms will be out of the film at a higher annealing temperature. So the amount of oxygen atoms in the film plays a key role in the conduction behavior of NiO film. Our results provide important information for the improved understanding of the conduction mechanism.
A Novel Low Cost Slope Transducer for Static and Dynamic Measurements
Authors: Sathish B.S. , Thirusakthimurugan Pakkiri
Published: July 2014

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a novel low cost transducer for angular deviation measurement, which replaces gyroscope in some of the Industrial applications where the gyroscope is found to be incompatible because of their size, weight, cost & complexity. This could be used to measure slope or an angular deviation under static and dynamic conditions. The basic approach of this work is to derive measured signal from a proposed transducer, proportional to the inclination of the platform with respect to ground. In this work, change in resistance of strain gauge due to the weight of a steel ball acting over it, produces an unbalanced voltage. This voltage is amplified and calibrated in terms of inclination angle. In this paper, a slope transducer has been designed and developed for measuring various inclinations with respect to horizontal earth’s surface.
Frequency Scaling Based Green Mobile Battery Charge Controller Sensor Design on FPGA
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Islam S.M. Mohaiminul , Noor Mahbub E. , Pandey Bishwajeet , Kumar Tanesh , Siddiquee Tanvir
Published: July 2014

Frequency Scaling based energy efficient MBCCS is implemented in this paper. In this design, if battery's voltage or current is less than threshold then battery will continue charging. Whereas, if voltage or current is more than threshold then it will ring Overcharge Alarm. With Frequency Scaling, we reduce frequency from 1THz to 25GHz, where 125GHz, 625GHz are intermediate frequency value. There is 97.50%, 100%, 97.54%, 97.48%, 20%, 96.48 % reduction in clock power (CP), logic power (LP), signal power (SP), IOs power (IOP), leakage power and total power dissipation respectively when we scale down frequency from 1 THz to 25GHz.
Geometric Effects on the Accuracy of Euler-Bernoulli Piezoelectric Smart Beam Finite Elements
Authors: Sulbhewar Litesh N. , Raveendranath P.
Published: July 2014

Numerical analysis of piezoelectric smart beams plays an important role in the design of smart beam based control systems. In general, smart beams are thin and Euler-Bernoulli piezoelectric beam element is widely used for their structural analysis. Accuracy of Euler-Bernoulli piezoelectric beam element depends on the appropriate assumptions for electric potential involved in the formulation. Most of the Euler-Bernoulli piezoelectric beam finite elements available in the literature assume linear through-thickness potential distribution. It is shown that the accuracy of these conventional formulations varies with relative proportion of piezoelectric material in the total beam cross-section. This is attributed to the effect of the induced potential due to electromechanical coupling. The use of a number of sublayers in the mathematical modeling of each piezoelectric physical layer is shown to improve accuracy, at the cost of additional computational effort due to increased number of nodal electrical degrees of freedom. A more efficient way to handle the effects of induced potential is to use a consistent through-thickness electric potential derived from the electrostatic equilibrium equation. In addition to the conventional linear terms, this field consists of a higher order coupled term which effectively takes care of the geometric effects and produce accurate results, without the use of sublayers in modeling.
Optimum Design of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Kandasamy Vetrivel Kumar , Muthusamy Saravanan , Pitchamuthu Prabakaran M.
Published: July 2014

The design process of shell and tube heat exchanger is difficult due to the complex geometric parameters with thermodynamic and fluid dynamic factors, which consume more time and minimum possibility for an optimum result in the case of conventional design. The optimum design of shell and tube heat exchanger was determined to predict optimum heat transfer coefficient with the effect of geometrical parameters such as number of baffles (NB), Shell diameter (Ds), Tube pitch (Pt) and Baffle spacing (LB). The analytical calculations were done using Response Surface Methodology on four factors, three level, central composite face centered design matrix with full replications technique by 95% confidence level. The results indicate that the geometrical parameters with optimum design.
Enhancement of Flow Diffusion in a Centrifugal Compressor Stage with Backward Curved Impeller by Shroud Extension – A Numerical Study
Authors: Seralathan Sivamani , Chowdhury D.G. Roy , Jaswal Anil Kumar
Published: July 2014

Efficient, compact centrifugal compressor with higher pressure ratios along with adequate surge margins necessitates developing non-conventional diffuser designs. A method of reducing shear losses on the stationary vaneless diffuser sidewalls is by rotating the side walls of vaneless diffuser. Forced rotating vaneless diffuser, a type in which the diffuser is integral with impeller and rotates at same speed, is obtained by extending the impeller disks beyond the blades. In this paper, the conventional stationary vaneless diffuser is redesigned to act as a ‘forced’ rotating vaneless diffuser. The effect of shroud extension is analyzed for the backward curved centrifugal impeller with shrouds extended by 40% with impeller exit diameter on flow diffusion and compared to an impeller with stationary vaneless diffuser. A higher static pressure rise by around 10% along with reduced losses is achieved by shroud extension configuration, RVD-ES. This indicates that the rate of diffusion is higher in the extended shroud configuration.
A Comprehensive Survey of Flexible Manufacturing System Scheduling Using Petri Nets
Authors: Chinnusamy T.R. , Karthikeyan T. , Krishnan M. , Murugesan A.
Published: July 2014

A Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is an integrated, computer-controlled system of machines, automated handling systems, and storage systems that can be used to simultaneously manufacture a variety of jobs. FMSs can be characterized as asynchronous, concurrent, distributed and parallel systems in which multiple operations share multiple resources so that the performance criteria are optimized. Petri nets (PNs) have recently become a promising approach for modeling FMSs. PNs are formal graphical modeling tool that can be efficiently utilized as a process analysis and modeling tool, because it shows graphically and dynamically to simulate a process in an integrated manner. It is a mathematical modeling technique that is useful for modeling concurrent, asynchronous, distributed, parallel, nondeterministic, and stochastic systems. Unreasonably the dispatching resources/jobs to machine in FMS may result in a deadlock situation and the situation is studied thoroughly and avoided through PN techniques. From the design and analysis point of view, the uses of nets have many advantages in modeling, performance evaluation, qualitative analysis and code generation. Scheduling a manufacturing system is usually a Non-Polynomial hard problem. This means that only heuristic algorithms can be used to provide near-optimal schedule when it is merged with PN. The merging of PNs with knowledge based heuristic techniques seems to be very promising to deal with large complex discrete event dynamic systems. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of FMS that combines PNs with other methods.
Analysis of the Effects of Using Different Nozzles and Angle of Attack in Miniature Commercial Aircraft with Vertical Lift Using CFD
Authors: Aravindhan P.T. , Anandhan P.T.
Published: July 2014

— The objective of the work is to compare between convergent, convergent-divergent nozzle and to analyse which has better performance in a miniature aircraft having vertical lift system. Comparison is done by having 2° and 4° attack angle at a free stream mach no 0.8 and to find the variation of pressures around, drag. CFD analysis has been performed for the miniature aircraft. Pressure forces, viscous forces, pressure coefficient and viscous coefficient are found for convergent nozzle and convergent-divergent nozzle. Also pressure variation at 2 ° and 4 ° angle of attack for Airfoil types AIG(smart fish) and NACA(Conventional) are found. It was found convergent-divergent nozzle is best suited with vertical lift having exit jet velocity 2700m/s. It is also found that airfoil produce less drag when attack angle is 4 °
Design of MICS Band Low Power Transmitter for Implantable Medical Applications
Authors: Venkateswari R. , Rani S. Subha
Published: July 2014

The cyborg can control robotic arm by means of the brain implant. The design of implantable node is critical because the surgically implanted node should consume very low power. In this paper, an efficient CMOS Transmitter in terms of low power is presented for Implantable Medical Devices in the MICS band. The RF front-end transmitter consists of up-conversion mixer and a power amplifier. The designs have been done using Cadence RF Spectre tools with 180 nm technology and the transmitter front-end consumes 900μW for the MICS band.
Derivation of Forward and Inverse Kinematics of 8 - Degrees of Freedom Based Bio-Inspired Humanoid Robotic Arm
Authors: Sudharsan Jayabalan , Karunamoorthy L.
Published: July 2014

Designing a humanoid robot is a complex issue and the exact resemblance of human arm movements has not been achieved in many of the previously developed robots. This paper is going to be much focused on the design of a humanoid robot arm which has a unique approach which has never been developed earlier. Even though all the robots that have been developed using 6-Degrees of Freedom (DOF) and 7-DOF can reach any point in the space, some of the orientation cannot be reached by the end effector plane effectively. So an 8-DOF freedom based robotic arm has been specially designed and developed to resemble the exact movements of the human being. This robot has 3-DOF for shoulder joint, 2-DOF for the elbow joint, and 3-DOF for the wrist with fingers as the end effector. Almost all the robots have only 1-DOF to the elbow joint but here 2-DOF has been proposed to resemble the exact movements of the human being (2-DOF at elbow) to solve the above mentioned problem. Literature reviews and design model are discussed in detail to support the proposal that has been made. Forward and inverse Kinematic relationships are also obtained for the joint link parameter. This humanoid robot arm which has been designed and developed is one of the modules of a human size humanoid robot RALA (Robot based on Autonomous Learning Algorithm).
EMD Algorithm for Robust Image Watermarking
Authors: Kannadhasan S. , Suresh R.
Published: July 2014

Watermarking is process of hiding digital information into another object/signal. To attain robustness information based on image data is transformed in multiple resolution using Wavelet based image watermarking methods. Embedding watermark bits in middle frequency sub images in the wavelet domain is done using Multiband Wavelet Transform (MWT). At this juncture an attempt is made to analyze robustness for different test images. To resist various attacks Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is used. Performance evaluation of an Image watermarking includes robustness, imperceptibility, watermark capacity and security. Index Terms Image enhancement Empirical mode decomposition, Multiband wavelets transformation
Integrating OTP Authentication Service in OpenStack
Authors: Devi D. Sudha , Thilagavathy K. , Vaghula Krishnan S. , Harish S. , Srinivasan R.
Published: July 2014

Cloud Computing is being intended to deliver information technology services based on internet on demand. The benefits of cloud technology are incomparable which takes the information technology into a new dimension. Organizations already invested for their own infrastructure are likely to set up private clouds to reap the benefits of cloud computing technologies. Cloud services are thriving by the open source software OpenStack. In this paper, we aim to introduce the largest open-source cloud operating system OpenStack with a new authentication mechanism. This paper tries to address the challenge of finding legitimate users by introducing One Time Password (OTP) as an authentication mechanism in OpenStack. Replay attacks can be defeated by using One Time Password. The OTP mechanism provides an extra level of protection which makes it extremely difficult for any potential intruder to abuse the recorded password that was already used to log into cloud service. The integration of OTP mechanism into OpenStack allows users to protect their credentials from unauthorized access. Also One Time Password is used to grant access to legitimate users into the cloud environment and to prevent access to malicious users bot attacks.With secured cloud environment users can enjoy lot many benefits of private cloud service.
Managing Resources in Cloud: Chrome Extension to OpenStack
Authors: Aruna P. , Vasantha S. , Sudha Devi D. , Thilagavathy K. , Renuka Devi J.
Published: July 2014

One of the emerging techniques is cloud computing. This cloud service provides the access to the computers and their resources virtually through different models like public, private and hybrid. This paper concentrates in setting up a private cloud using the open source software “OpenStack”. The existing dashboard Horizon shows the memory size and number of virtual CPUs allocated to each instance but does not give the summary of the resources consumed on the whole by the host. We focus on creating a chrome extension that provides the state of the instances and total amount of resources consumed in each host. This resource utilization information can be utilized by the administrator to do the dynamic migration to use the resources in an effective way, minimize the power consumption by migrating instances from less utilized hosts to other hosts. The developed chrome extension provides details of instances such as the state of each instance which shows whether the instance is in Build, Active or Terminated state. Besides, it provides details such as CPU utilization, memory utilization and disk utilization of each host which are not displayed in the default dashboard of OpenStack. This extension also provides an alert message to the administrator when there is over-utilization and under-utilization of resources in a host. In this paper we have designed a chrome extension for OpenStack which can be utilized by the cloud administrators to manage the resources in the data center.
Image Inpainting Based on Fast Inpainting and Sparse Representation Method
Authors: Ramya C. , Rani S. Subha , Kayalvizhi G.
Published: July 2014

Especially there is a wide interest in handling the outdoor surveillance images in autonomous navigation, remote surveillance, automatic incident detection, vision based driver assistant system and law enforcement services. In each case, there is an underlying object or scene which is wished to be captured, processed, analyzed and interpreted. Live recording and transmission of outdoor surveillance images are often one of a forensic tool but while transmission it may introduce some variations in the pixels and it may visible as missing blocks. Thus it is significant to improve the visual quality of such outdoor surveillance images for efficient analysis and recognition. In this paper, a simple effective inpainting method is proposed by combining fast inpainting and sparse representation method. The proposed method fully considers the complementary between the fast inpainting method and sparse representation inpainting approach. This approach inpaints the small size missing blocks more effectively than the existing inpainting methods. The experimental results on practical images show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a plausible visual performance without discontinuity in boundary and blurring.
Keywords:Image Inpainting, Sparse Representation, Fast inpainting
Wireless Image Transmission Based on Cognitive Radio for Robotic Communication
Authors: Mohandass S. , Umamaheswari G. , Kowsika H.
Published: July 2014

Wireless communication plays a vital role in robotic communication. The robots can communicate using any of the wireless standards like Bluetooth, Zigbee, Wi-fi, etc. based on the application. Many applications involve wireless transmission of images from the robots to the access point. The images can be transmitted at a particular frequency based on the wireless standard. However, interference is a major issue in wireless communication. In order to overcome interference and to make use of white space spectrum, cognitive radio is used. Hence in this paper, wireless image transmission based on cognitive radio is proposed for robotic communication. The paper proposes an efficient design of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based cognitive radio to transmit and receive grayscale images over an AWGN channel. OFDM technologies are particularly well suited to cognitive radio applications because of the ease to which signals can be adapted to channel conditions and capacity requirements. The narrowband interference rejection is facilitated by suitable subcarrier allocation. The whole system has been designed and analyzed using SystemVue software.
Flexural Performance of Hybrid-Rubberized Composite Slabs Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Paramasivan Subashree , Thenmozhi R.
Published: July 2014

Ab
s
t
r
act Hybrid Rubberized Composite Slabs (HRCS) is an innovative material which has been developed for highway barriers in bridge construction to avoid vehicle accidents and thereby reducing the risk to public. A three dimensional hybrid rubberized composite slab model (HRCS) was created using Finite element Analysis Software ANSYS and was validated by previous experimental research works on concrete with crumb rubber. Finite element simulations were performed to examine the effect of replacing 0-20% of fine aggregates with crumb rubber. The load-displacement behavior was analyzed for the plain and hybrid rubberized composite slabs under static bending loads. From the results, it was found that, the displacement decrease significantly with increase in the amount of fine crumb rubber replacement. The static bending load decreases as the percentage of replacement of fine crumb rubber increases. Aggregate replacement with crumb rubber in concrete decreases its strength under static bending load. As confirmed by experimental results, FEA can effectively simulate the behaviour of HRCS when the proper numerical model is adopted. Keywords: Hybrid Rubberized Concrete Slab, Crumb Rubber, Finite element analysis (FEA), Static Bending Load.
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Silicon Carbide Particulate Reinforced AA6061 Aluminum Alloy Composites Produced via Stir Casting
Authors: Moses J. Jebeen , Sekhar S. Joseph
Published: July 2014

Stir casting is an economical method to produce aluminum matrix composites (AMCs). In the present work, Aluminum alloy AA6061 reinforced with various amounts (0, 5, 10 and 15wt. %) of SiC particles were prepared. The matrix alloy was melted in a furnace and stirred to form a vortex. SiC particles were added to the periphery of the vortex and the composite melt was solidified in a permanent mold. The microstructures of the AMCs were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy. SiC particles were observed to refine the grains and were distributed homogeneously in the aluminum matrix. SiC particle clusters were also seen in a few places. SiC particles were properly bonded to the aluminum matrix. Dry sliding wear behavior was analyzed by Pin on Disc apparatus. The reinforcement of SiC particles improved the wear resistance of the AMCs.The details of worn surface and wear debris are also presented in this paper.
Optimization of Process Parameters during Milling of Friction Stir Processed GFRP Composites
Authors: Balamugundan Bakthavachalu , Karthikeyan Loganathan
Published: July 2014

In this study, GFRP plates were friction stir processed at three different feed rates (15 mm/min, 20 mm/min and 25 mm/min) and at a constant spindle speed of 1500 rpm with an aim to enhance their microstructural properties. The friction stir processed plates were then subjected to milling with solid carbide K6 end mill tools. Millings trials were carried out using a Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array under three input parameters such as cutting speed, feed and depth of cut each having three levels. The statistical significance of the process parameters was estimated using signal to noise (S/N) ratio and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study showed that cutting speed during milling and feed rate during FSP contributed to the overall performance which was assessed in terms of surface roughness and delamination factor.
Acoustic Emission Signal Analysis for Tool Condition Monitoring in Microturning of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Gopikrishnan A. , Nizamudheen A.K. , Kanthababu M.
Published: July 2014

In this work, an online acoustic emission (AE) monitoring system is developed, to investigate the effect of tool wear during the microturning of titanium alloy with a tungsten carbide insert of nose radius 0.1 mm. The AE signal parameters were analyzed in time domain, frequency domain and discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) techniques to correlate with the tool wear status. The root mean square (AERMS) and specific AE energies are also computed for the decomposed AE signals, using the DWT. The results demonstrated that dominant frequency and DWT techniques are found to be most suitable for online tool condition monitoring, using AE sensors in the microturning of titanium alloy.
Studies on Dry Sliding Wear Characteristics of Ceramic Al2O3 Particulate Reinforced 6061Al Matrix Composites
Authors: Bharath V. , Nagaral Madev , Auradi V. , Kori S.A.
Published: July 2014

In the current investigation an attempt has been made and to produce ceramic Al2O3 particulate reinforced 6061Al matrix composites by liquid metallurgy route (stir casting technique) and to study the dry sliding wear properties of the prepared composites. The amount of ceramic Al2O3 particulate reinforcement addition was maintained at 9 and 12wt%. During the preparation of each composite the ceramic reinforcements were introduced in a novel way which involves three stage additions of reinforcements during melt stirring. The wear tests were conducted using pin on disc wear testing machine on 6061Al matrix before and after addition of Al2O3 reinforcements Wear test results demonstrated the superior wear resistance of the composites over monolithic 6061Al alloy matrix. Key Words: MMC’s, Al2O3 particulates, 6061Al, stir-casting
Tensile Property Evaluation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminium Sandwich Composites
Authors: Tamilarasan U. , Karunamoorthy L. , Palanikumar K.
Published: July 2014

Composite materials are finding new applications in many situations and are better than the conventional materials because of their excellent properties. In the present investigation, aluminium sandwich composite laminates are fabricated and their tensile property is evaluated. The structure of the composites and their fractured surface are studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope. The analysis of the experimental results indicated that the incorporation of aluminium stack as sandwich improves the properties and can be used as a structural material for construction.
Parametric Study along with Selection of Optimal Solutions in Wire Cut Machining of Titanium (Gr2)
Authors: Kumar N.E. Arun , Babu A. Suresh , Kumar V. Muthu
Published: July 2014

This paper investigates the relationship of process parameters in wire electrical discharge machining of titanium alloy with brass wire as tool electrode. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is used to cut conductive metals of any hardness or that difficult to cut with conventional methods. The process performances such as material removal rate (MRR) and surface finish (Ra) were evaluated by giving specific input parameters which practiced to obtain optimal response. The difficulty in machine tool industry is to predict the expected output performance for the desired input variables by the way of conducting more number of experiments for different machining parameters, which leads to the increase in consumption of electric power, material and time. To overcome this phenomenon, parametric investigation was made on WED machining on titanium alloy by using Taguchi’s method.
Study of Mechanical Behaviour of Stir Cast Aluminium Based Composite Reinforced with Mechanically Ball Milled TiB2 Nano Particles
Authors: Esakkiraj E.S. , Suresh S. , Moorthi N. Shenbaga Vinayaga , Kumar M. Krishna , Ranjith S.M. Jenin
Published: July 2014

Metal matrix composites possess some glamorous properties like light weight, low density ,high strength-to-density ratio, formable to complex shape, lower manufacturing cost and are used more in commercial, industrial, marine, naval based industrial and are extensively used in automobiles and aerospace like empennage, wings, fuselage in fighter aircraft, bomber, transport, general aviation, rotary aircraft etc. Many researches are done on micro structural metals matrix composites and they result shows that composite of micro structural having good mechanical properties. Instead of using micro structural nanoparticles are used for better mechanical properties and better applications in aeronautical field. The present study is an attempt to prepare and analysis of mechanical properties of Aluminium 6061 reinforcement with TiB2 nanoparticles using liquid metallurgy. By the use of ball milling process the TiB2 micro particles are converted in to nanoparticles and reinforced with Aluminium 6061 in stir casting process. The addition level of reinforcement is being varied from 0-15wt% in step of 4 wt%.Test carried out on the fabricated composite included scanning electron microscopy, XRD, EDAX analysis, and Thermal analysis.
Multi Objective Design Optimization of Two Bar Truss Using NSGA II and TOPSIS
Authors: Sabarinath P. , Thansekhar M.R. , Saravanan R.
Published: July 2014

Arriving optimal solutions is one of the important tasks in engineering design. Many real-world design optimization problems involve multiple conflicting objectives. The design variables are of continuous or discrete in nature. In general, for solving Multi Objective Optimization methods weight method is preferred. In this method, all the objective functions are converted into a single objective function by assigning suitable weights to each objective functions. The main drawback lies in the selection of proper weights. Recently, evolutionary algorithms are used to find the nondominated optimal solutions called as Pareto optimal front in a single run. In recent years, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) finds increasing applications in solving multi objective problems comprising of conflicting objectives because of low computational requirements, elitism and parameter-less sharing approach. In this work, we propose a methodology which integrates NSGA-II and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for solving a two bar truss problem. NSGA-II searches for the Pareto set where two bar truss is evaluated in terms of minimizing the weight of the truss and minimizing the total displacement of the joint under the given load. Subsequently, TOPSIS selects the best compromise solution.
Surface Roughness Optimization in Machining of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)
Authors: Nithyanandam J. , Laldas Sushil , Palanikumar K.
Published: July 2014

Titanium is one of the important kinds of material used in different engineering fields. They have very good properties like high strength to weight ratio, superior corrosion resistance and thermal properties. They are very attractive materials and has application aerospace, biomedical and automotive field. they are classified to be “difficult-to-Machine materials” as they posses poor thermal properties, poor machinability, etc.The prime important is with the study of machining characteristics and the optimization of the cutting parameters. In this paper Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is taken, the dry turning experiments are carried out in semi-automatic lathe using poly crystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tool insert. The taguchi’s design of L27 orthogonal array is done by four machining factors namely cutting speed, feed, nose radius and depth of cut at three levels. The optimal machining conditions are arrived by Signal-Noise ratio method with respect to surface roughness (Ra). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the percentage of contribution of feed, cutting speed, nose radius and depth of cut for better surface roughness is validated using S/N ratio. In this result indicated that the feed is a vital parameter followed by cutting speed, the nose radius and then by depth of cut. The worn out surface of the insert is examined by using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
An Evolutionary Hybrid Algorithm for Layout Planning in Flexible Manufacturing System
Authors: Krishnan M. , Karthikeyan T. , Chinnusamy T.R. , Murugesan A.
Published: July 2014

The layout of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) involves distributing different resources for achieving maximum efficiency. To provide a variety of products to customers the FMS has created a significant set of operational changes. Among this, layout planning is more important in achieving productivity of FMS. The problem of this type is combinatorial in nature and found to be Non-deterministic Polynomial (NP) complete. This paper focuses the loop layout planning of an FMS with the aim of minimizing the transportation distance and the backtracking distances of the Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) using the hybrid Scatter Search - Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (SS-PSO). Since the Loop layout has relatively low initial costs and contains few material handling links with higher flexibility. SS-PSO operates on unifying principles based on strategic designs compared to other metaheuristic algorithms such as GA, PSO etc. Hybrid SS-PSO approach is applied to seven and nine machines loop layout problem. It is found that the proposed algorithm provides a better solution with fast convergence rate compared with other metaheuristic algorithms.
Experimental Investigations on the Effect of Flow Area of Nano Coated Catalytic Converter
Authors: Ravichandiran Nattan , Senthil Ramalingam , Mohan Govindasamy
Published: July 2014

Now a days the global warming and air pollution are big issue in the world. The more amount of air pollution is due to emissions from an internal combustion engine. Catalytic converter plays a vital role in reducing harmful gases. In this study, the nanocoated catalytic converter efficiency was focused. The flow area of catalytic converter plays a vital role in the conversion of the harmful gases NOx, CO & UHC. The wire mesh coated with Alumina and Ti02 was the conversion medium. By varying the length of the wire mesh, the flow area was changed. The length of the wire mesh substrate was varied by 100mm, 150mm and 200mm. It was experimentally found that the increase in flow area reduces the exhaust emissions smoke, CO, HC and NOx.
Study on Influence of Zwitterionic Surfactant on the Surface Finish and Surface Morphology of Electroless Ni-B Coatings on Al 7075-T6 Alloy
Authors: Vijayanand M. , Elansezhian R.
Published: July 2014

The influence of Zwitterionic - propanesulfonate surfactant on the surface properties such as surface roughness, surface morphology and microhardness of Ni-B coatings using electroless alkaline bath was reported in this paper. Ni-B deposits obtained from nickel chloride as the source of nickel and borohydride as the reducing agent at a pH of 11 and 12 and temperature 85 ± 2 OC. This study reveals that the Ni – B coatings were clearly influenced by the addition of surfactant propanesulfonate on surface roughness and surface morphology. Electroless nickel (EN) - B coatings with addition of surfactant has changed the surface morphology from non-smooth nodular appearance to a smooth surface with average roughness value 1.4μm, which is less than the Ra value of without surfactant 1.98μm. The hardness of the deposit increased with lesser concentration of the surfactant when compared to without surfactant addition. Surface morphology and composition of the Ni–B coatings was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Effect of Hardness on the Wear Behavior of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Umanath K. , Selvamani S.T. , Palanikumar K. , Raphael T.
Published: July 2014

Aerospace industry and automobile industries are enhanced performance necessary for materials with better qualities compare to conservative materials. In automotive areas, this is predominantly factual for power train employed as conflicting to body application. For each kind of appliance, description such as hardness of the material, wear resistance, temperature withstands ability, plasticity, fracture, fatigue strength, etc. It must be as high as possible, while parameters such as density and cost must be minimized; the latter is of general concern for automobile use and relatively inexpensive light aircraft. Because of their low density, the light metals based on aluminum, magnesium, and titanium are particularly attractive for both types of applications. In this paper, advanced material of Al6061/SiC/Al2O3 hybrid composites is discussed, followed by a consideration of advanced material specifically in aerospace and automotive applications. Processing the lightweight metal, with enhanced hardness properties is presented.
Synthesis of Al7075 Alloy/Al2O3 Composite and Corrosion Study
Authors: Devi R. , Raja C. , Sivaprakash S. , Anandakrishnan V.
Published: July 2014

Al7075alloy and Al2O3 powders were synthesized via high-energy ball mill for 5 h. Al7075alloy powders were mixed with Al2O3 ranging from 5 to 15 vol. %, compacted by cold uniaxial compaction at 400 MPa. The green pellets were degassed at 350 oC for 30 min, and then sintered in the temperature of 600 oC under argon atmosphere for 120 min. It was shown that better density, vickers micro hardness and corrosion resistance were achieved up to 10 vol. % due to uniform distribution of Al2O3 particles throughout matrix. Beyond 10 vol. %, Al2O3 resulted in clustering, porosity and poor interfacial bonding and their properties.
Mathematical Model to Predict Heat Flow in Underwater Friction Stud Welding
Authors: Hynes N. Rajesh Jesudoss , Nagaraj P. , Prakash M.
Published: July 2014

Friction Stud Welding is primarily used to bond different material. Joining of aluminum alloys, stainless steels and composites with any other materials is required in many underwater welding applications. In the present work, a mathematical model has been developed for underwater friction stud welding. A thick AA6061 plate is welded with steel stud in a modified drilling machine. Transient analysis of heat conduction in the plate has been calculated numerically including heat generation due to friction between the materials. The conduction, convective and surface boundary conditions have been considered as per the developed model. Comparison has been made between welding performed in normal atmospheric condition and underwater condition. The temperature distribution in the work piece has been predicted using the developed mathematical model. It is found that there is steep fall in a heat flow during underwater welding condition. High weld strength can be achieved due to less heat affected zone in underwater welding.
The Microhardness Analysis of Friction Welded AISI 52100 Grade Carbon Steel Joints
Authors: Selvamani S.T. , Umanath K. , Palanikumar K. , Vigneswar K.
Published: July 2014

The solid-state joining process produces welds with improved mechanical properties and reduced distortion. Higher Carbon Steels are extensively used in different industrial applications such as shipbuilding and automobile industries due to their superior mechanical properties. In this work, friction welding of high carbon steel of Φ12mm dia extruded rod was studied with a plan to analysis the hardness behavior on the weldment. Welds are made with a high and low level range of process parameter combinations (incorporating ANOVA methods) which were subjected to Vickers Hardness tests. The Vickers Hardness of the welded joints has been reported.
Hole Accuracy during Deep Hole Drilling for Hydraulic Cylinder Application
Authors: Raj R. Clifford Benjamin , Anand Ronald B. , Velayudham A. , Nayak Prasmit Kumar
Published: July 2014

Deep-hole drilling is a process in which the hole length will be very high when compared to diameter of the drill hole (i.e. length to diameter ratio will be greater than 5). Drilling a deep hole with very high accuracy is difficult process. The current project is about the production of deep hole with the aim to produce a chip which is not a continuous chip and also not a powdery chip. These conditions can be attained by varying the spindle speed and the tool feed rate.