bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lung ultrasound of the dependent lung detects real-time changes in lung volume in the preterm lamb
Authors: Sett Arun , Kenna Kelly R , Sutton Rebecca J , Perkins Elizabeth J , Sourial Magdy , Chapman Jack D , Donath Susan M , Sasi Arun , Rogerson Sheryle R , Manley Brett J , Davis Peter G , Pereira-Fantini Prue M , Tingay David G
Published: June 2022

Background

Effective lung protective ventilation requires reliable, real-time estimation of lung volume at the bedside. Neonatal clinicians lack a readily available imaging tool for this purpose.

Objective

To determine the ability of lung ultrasound (LUS) of the dependent region to detect real-time changes in lung volume, identify opening and closing pressures of the lung, and detect pulmonary hysteresis.

Methods

LUS was performed on preterm lambs (n=20) during in vivo mapping of the pressure-volume relationship of the respiratory system using the super-syringe method. Electrical impedance tomography was used to derive regional lung volumes. Images were blindly graded using an expanded scoring system. The scores were compared with total and regional lung volumes, and differences in LUS scores between pressure increments were calculated.

Results

Changes in LUS scores correlated moderately with changes in total lung volume (r=0.56, 95% CI 0.47-0.64, p<0.0001) and fairly with right whole (r=0.41, CI 0.30-0.51, p<0.0001), ventral (r=0.39, CI 0.28-0.49, p<0.0001), central (r=0.41, CI 0.31-0.52, p<0.0001) and dorsal (r=0.38, CI 0.27-0.49, p<0.0001) regional lung volumes. The pressure-volume relationship of the lung exhibited hysteresis in all lambs. LUS was able to detect hysteresis in 17 (85%) lambs. The greatest changes in LUS scores occurred at the opening and closing pressures.

Conclusion

LUS was able to detect large changes in total and regional lung volume in real time and correctly identified opening and closing pressures but lacked the precision to detect small changes in lung volume. Further work is needed to improve precision prior to translation to clinical practice.
Rare cause of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage and subconjunctival haemorrhage rescued by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and rituximab
Authors: Hu Zaiying , Feng Xiaoxue , Zhang Baiyu , Huang Jianlin
Published: June 2022

A previously healthy man in his 20s presented with acute respiratory distress syndrome and subconjunctival haemorrhage. Imaging was indicative of pervasive pulmonary haemorrhage. There was no evidence of renal involvement. The patient rapidly deteriorated with aggravating respiratory failure regardless of invasive mechanical ventilation and required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This maintained the patient adequate time to allow aggressive therapy. Skin biopsy indicated leucocytoclastic vasculitis. Given that the patient was C-antinuclear cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) positive, pulse dose steroids and rituximab were initiated for the suspicion of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) which resulted in improvement of airspace disease and subconjunctival haemorrhage. Only a few cases reported successful use of ECMO in severe diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) due to AAV, but no case was in DAH combined with subconjunctival haemorrhage. The need for systemic anticoagulation with pre-existing haemorrhage is still a challenging dilemma.
Evaluation of dedicated COVID-19 hospitals in the pandemic response in Iraq: pandemic preparation within a recovering healthcare infrastructure
Authors: Hossain S M Moazzem , Al-Dahir Sara , Hilfi Riyadh-al , Majeed Yasir , Rahi Alaa , Sabaratnam Vickneswaran , Al-Mulla Taha , Hossain Omar , Aldahir Adam , Norton Ryan , Lami Faris
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate Iraq’s health facility preparedness for the surge of hospitalised cases associated with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we review pandemic preparedness at both general and tertiary hospitals throughout all districts of Iraq. COVID-19 pandemic preparedness, for the purpose of this review, is defined as: (1) staff to patient ratio, (2) personal protective equipment (PPE) to staff ratio, (3) infection control measures training and compliance and (4) laboratory and surveillance capacity. Despite the designation of facilities as COVID-19 referral hospitals, we did not find any increased preparedness with regard to staffing and PPE allocation. COVID-19 designated hospital reported an increased mean number of respiratory therapists as well as sufficient intensive care unit staff, but this did not reach significant levels. Non-COVID-19 facilities tended to have higher mean numbers of registered nurses, cleaning staff and laboratory staff, whereas the COVID-19 facilities were allocated additional N-95 masks (554.54 vs 147.76), gowns (226.72 vs 104.14) and boot coverings (170.48 vs 86.8) per 10 staff, but none of these differences were statistically significant. Though COVID-19 facilities were able to make increased requisitions for PPE supplies, all facility types reported unfulfilled requisitions, which is more likely a reflection of global storage rather than Iraq’s preparedness for the pandemic. Incorporating future pandemic preparedness into health system strengthening efforts across facilities, including supplies, staffing and training acquisition, retention and training, are critical to Iraq’s future success in mitigating the ongoing impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Contact tracing in the context of COVID-19: a case study from Oman
Authors: Al Manji Abdullah , Tahoun Mohamed , Chi Amabo Franck , Alabri Mohamed , Mahmoud Lamia , Al Abri Badar , Aboushady Ahmed Taha , Jabbour Jean , Nabeth Pierre , Sadek Mahmoud
Published: June 2022

In April 2020, the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Oman, a high-income country in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), implemented a robust contact tracing (CT) system for COVID-19. To capitalise on Oman’s experience, EMRO has developed a case study presenting the methodology used to conduct the CT activities, main functions of the system, challenges encountered, lessons learnt, and the way forward. To develop the case study, a key informant interview was conducted virtually with the CT focal point in the MoH, using a semistructured questionnaire adapted from the WHO questionnaire for the assessment of CT activities. The Oman MoH launched a CT system based on three complementary digital tools: Tarassud plus, Medical Scout and HMushrif applications. Oman’s CT strategy classifies contacts into close and casual contacts. Only close contacts are listed using the Tarassud plus application, while casual contacts are requested to self-monitor for 14 days using the other two applications. With the evolution of the outbreak, Oman MoH implemented stricter policies and prioritised the follow-up of close contacts to keep the CT activity manageable. Community health workers and volunteers facilitated the CT activities through sensitisation of the local community to the follow-up process and reducing the COVID-19-associated stigma. Challenges encountered revolved around contact data management, given the offline in-operability of the applications, and lack of national risk communication guidelines to address community concerns and widespread rumours.
WHO’s support for COVID-19 research and knowledge management in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Rashidian Arash , Wu Kaiyue , Al Ariqi Lubna , Aly Eman , Mandil Ahmed , Barakat Amal , Kodama Chiori , Kheirandish Mehrnaz , Nour Eldin Hassan Hatem , Doctor Henry Victor , Hemachandra Nilmini , Fahmy Kamal , Dingwall Phillip , Nour Mohamed , Krishnamurthy Reddiar Sumithra
Published: June 2022

Health research, innovation and knowledge management remain major priorities of the WHO’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) supports priority research initiatives that address gaps in current knowledge regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a specific call for proposals, 122 research proposals were received and reviewed in 2020, of which 17 were recommended for funding from eight countries. Ten countries in the region participated in the global solidarity trial to assess potential therapies for COVID-19. In addition, WHO advocated for early serological and epidemiological investigations (‘COVID-19 Unity Studies’) on the general population, healthcare workers, pregnant women and neonates, and extending technical, financial and material support for them.

Starting in early 2020, scholarly articles on COVID-19 have been published in every issue of theEastern Mediterranean Health Journal. More than 6300 publications on COVID-19 were made available on the WHO knowledge management portal in the last year alone. WHO is also supporting countries in conducting studies to assess the field effectiveness of vaccines deployed nationally. To build and strengthen country capacities, regional webinars and intercountry meetings were conducted on research ethics, national health information systems and evidence-based health policy making. With support from WHO EMRO’s new research and knowledge management pillar, countries in the region were well equipped to contribute to a global understanding of the novel virus’s characteristics, as well as employ a national response based on informed evidence.
Thrombolysis, time-to-treatment and in-hospital outcomes among young adults with ischaemic stroke in China: findings from a nationwide registry study in China
Authors: Wang Hai-Yan , Gu Hong-Qiu , Zhou Qi , Jiang Ying-Yu , Yang Xin , Wang Chun-Juan , Zhao Xing-Quan , Wang Yi-Long , Liu Li-Ping , Meng Xia , Li Hao , Liu Chelsea , Li Zi-Xiao , Wang Yong-Jun , Jiang Yong
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose

We aimed to determine whether young adults (<50 years) with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) are more likely to receive intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) and have shorter time to treatment than older patients with stroke.

Methods

We analysed data from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance registry for patients with AIS hospitalised between August 2015 and July 2019. Patients were classified into two groups according to age: young adults (<50 years of age) and older adults (≥50 years of age).

Results

Of 793 175 patients with AIS admitted to 1471 hospitals, 9.1% (71 860) were young adults. Compared with older adults, a higher proportion of young adults received IV tPA among patients without contraindicaitons (7.2% vs 6.1%, adjusted OR (aOR) 1.13, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.17) and among patients without contraindications and with onset-to-door time ≤3.5 hours (23.6% vs 19.3%, aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.24). We did not observe differences in onset-to-needle time (median hours 2.7 hours) or door-to-needle time (DNT) (median minutes 60 min) between young and older adults. The proportion of DNT ≤30 min, DNT ≤45 min and DNT ≤60 min in young and older IV tPA-treated patients were 16.9% vs 18.8%, 30.2% vs 32.8% and 50.2% vs 54.2%, respectively. Compared with older adults, young adults treated with IV tPA had lower odds of in-hospital mortality (0.5% vs 1.3%, aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.82) and higher odds of independent ambulation at discharge (61.0% vs 53.6%, aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.22), and the associations may be partly explained by stroke severity measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score.

Conclusion

Young adults with AIS were more likely to receive IV tPA than older adults, although there was no difference between the two groups in time to treatment. Compared with older adults, young adults may had better in-hospital outcomes.
Shorter versus longer durations of antibiotic treatment for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Agarwal Arnav , Gao Ya , Colunga Lozano Luis Enrique , Asif Saad , Bakaa Layla , Ghadimi Maryam , Basmaji John , Das Aninditee , Loeb Mark , Guyatt Gordon
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), frequently encountered in both outpatient and inpatient settings, is the leading cause of infectious disease-related mortality. While equipoise regarding the optimal duration of antimicrobial therapy to treat CAP remains, recent studies suggest shorter durations of therapy may achieve optimal outcomes. We have therefore planned a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the impact of shorter versus longer durations of antibiotic therapy for patients with CAP.

Methods and analysis

We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to September 2021 for randomised controlled trials evaluating shorter versus longer duration of antibiotics. Eligible studies will compare durations with a minimum difference of two days of antibiotic therapy, irrespective of antibiotic agent, class, route, frequency or dosage, and will report on any patient-important outcome of benefit or harm. Paired reviewers working independently will conduct title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction and risk of bias (RoB) evaluation using a modified Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. We will perform random-effects modelling for meta-analyses, with study weights generated using the inverse variance method, and will assess certainty in effect estimates using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. The Instrument for assessing the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN) tool will inform assessments of credibility of subgroup effects based on severity of illness, drug class, duration of therapy, setting of CAP acquisition and RoB.

Ethics and dissemination

The results will be of importance to general practitioners and internists managing CAP, and may directly inform international clinical guidance. Where concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance continue to grow internationally, this evidence summary may motivate new recommendations regarding shorter durations of therapy. We intend to disseminate our findings via national and international conferences, and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021283990.
Association between personality traits and experience of adverse periocular reactions to topical prostaglandin analogues
Authors: Kishimoto Nanami , Noro Takahiko , Kodaka Fumitoshi , Kurosawa Mei , Itoh Yoshinori , Ogawa Shumpei , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Kubota Masaomi , Hori Kiyotaka , Shigeta Masahiro , Nakano Tadashi
Published: June 2022

Background

Aesthetically unappealing adverse periocular reactions to prostaglandin (PG) eye-drops are a major challenge in glaucoma treatment. This study analysed the personality traits of patients with glaucoma based on a five-factor model and examined the associations between these factors and adverse periocular reactions.

Methods

One hundred and forty-seven patients with glaucoma were surveyed anonymously regarding their personality traits and how often adverse periocular reactions were experienced.

Results

The analysis included 117 valid responses (71 men and 46 women, age: 61.9±11.5 years). Patients who experienced hypertrichosis of the eyelashes scored significantly higher on extraversion (p<0.05), with no significant differences in the other four personality traits. Patients who experienced eyelid hyperpigmentation and deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus showed no significant differences in any of the personality traits. Younger patients scored significantly higher on hypertrichosis (p<0.05).

Conclusion

The experience of adverse reactions differed according to patient age and personality traits. Therefore, eye-drops should be chosen based on these factors.

Trial registration number

UMIN000035155.
Predictive validity of the Infant Toddler Checklist in primary care at the 18-month visit and developmental diagnosis at 3–5 years: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Borkhoff Cornelia M , Atalla Marina , Bayoumi Imaan , Birken Catherine S , Maguire Jonathon L , Parkin Patricia C
Published: June 2022

Objective

There is international variation in recommendations regarding developmental screening and growing recognition of the low sensitivity of commonly used developmental screening tools. Our objective was to examine the predictive validity of the Infant Toddler Checklist (ITC) at 18 months to predict a developmental diagnosis at 3–5 years, in a primary care setting.

Methods

We designed a prospective cohort study, recruiting in primary care in Toronto, Canada. Parents completed the ITC at the 18-month visit and reported developmental diagnosis at 3–5 years (developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning problem). We calculated screening test properties with 95% CIs. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for important covariates.

Results

In the final sample (n=488), mean age at screening was 18.5 (SD 1.1) months, and at follow-up was 46.6 (SD 10.0) months. At screening, 46 (9.4%) had a positive ITC. At follow-up, 26 (5.3%) had a developmental diagnosis, including: developmental delay (n=22), ASD (n=4), ADHD (n=1), learning problem (n=1); parents of two children each reported two diagnoses (total of 28 diagnoses). Of four children with a diagnosis of ASD at follow-up, three had a positive ITC at 18 months. The ITC specificity (92%, 95% CI: 89% to 94%) and negative predictive value (96%, 95% CI: 95% to 97%) were high; false positive rate was low (8%, 95% CI: 6% to 11%); sensitivity was low (31%, 95% CI: 14% to 52%). There was a strong association between a positive ITC at 18 months and later developmental diagnosis (adjusted OR 4.48, 95% CI: 1.72 to 11.64; p=0.002).

Conclusion

The ITC had high specificity, high negative predictive value, low false positive rate, and identified children with later developmental delay and ASD. The ITC had low sensitivity, similar to other screening tools underscoring the importance of continuous developmental surveillance at all health supervision visits.
Projections of smoking-related cancer mortality in Australia to 2044
Authors: Luo Qingwei , Steinberg Julia , Yu Xue Qin , Weber Marianne , Caruana Michael , Yap Sarsha , Grogan Paul B , Banks Emily , O’Connell Dianne L , Canfell Karen
Published: June 2022

Background

While many high-income countries including Australia have successfully implemented a range of tobacco control policies, smoking remains the leading preventable cause of cancer death in Australia. We have projected Australian mortality rates for cancer types, which have been shown to have an established relationship with cigarette smoking and estimated numbers of cancer deaths attributable to smoking to 2044.

Methods

Cancer types were grouped according to the proportion of cases currently caused by smoking: 8%–30% and >30%. For each group, an age–period– cohort model or generalised linear model with cigarette smoking exposure as a covariate was selected based on the model fit statistics and validation using observed data. The smoking-attributable fraction (SAF) was calculated for each smoking-related cancer using Australian smoking prevalence data and published relative risks.

Results

Despite the decreasing mortality rates projected for the period 2015–2019 to 2040–2044 for both men and women, the overall number of smoking-related cancer deaths is estimated to increase by 28.7% for men and 35.8% for women: from 138 707 (77 839 men and 60 868 women) in 2015–2019 to 182 819 (100 153 men and 82 666 women) in 2040–2044. Over the period 2020–2044, there will be 254 583 cancer deaths (173 943 men and 80 640 women) directly attributable to smoking, with lung, larynx, oesophagus and oral (comprising lip, oral cavity and pharynx) cancers having the largest SAFs.

Interpretation

Cigarette smoking will cause over 250 000 cancer deaths in Australia from 2020 to 2044. Continued efforts in tobacco control remain a public health priority, even in countries where smoking prevalence has substantially declined.
Associations between short-term exposure to PM2.5and cardiomyocyte injury in myocardial infarction survivors in North Carolina
Authors: Wyatt Lauren , Kamat Gauri , Moyer Joshua , Weaver Anne M , Diaz-Sanchez David , Devlin Robert B , Di Qian , Schwartz Joel D , Cascio Wayne E , Ward-Caviness Cavin K
Published: June 2022

Objective

Short-term ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with adverse cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction (MI). However, few studies have examined associations between PM2.5and subclinical cardiomyocyte damage outside of overt cardiovascular events. Here we evaluate the impact of daily PM2.5on cardiac troponin I, a cardiomyocyte specific biomarker of cellular damage.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2924 patients identified using electronic health records from the University of North Carolina Healthcare System who had a recorded MI between 2004 and 2016. Troponin I measurements were available from 2014 to 2016, and were required to be at least 1 week away from a clinically diagnosed MI. Daily ambient PM2.5concentrations were estimated at 1 km resolution and assigned to patient residence. Associations between log-transformed troponin I and daily PM2.5were evaluated using distributed lag linear mixed effects models adjusted for patient demographics, socioeconomic status and meteorology.

Results

A 10 µg/m3elevation in PM2.53 days before troponin I measurement was associated with 0.06 ng/mL higher troponin I (95% CI=0.004 to 0.12). In stratified models, this association was strongest in patients that were men, white and living in less urban areas. Similar associations were observed when using 2-day rolling averages and were consistently strongest when using the average exposure over the 5 days prior to troponin I measurement.

Conclusions

Daily elevations in PM2.5were associated with damage to cardiomyocytes, outside of the occurrence of an MI. Poor air quality may cause persistent damage to the cardiovascular system leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and adverse cardiovascular events.
Exploratory application of a novel centre cross diaphragm method for the construction of large cross-section tunnels in soft ground
Authors: Zheng Gang , Li Huiliang , Zhang Tianqi , Sun Jibin , Wang Ruikun , Qiu Huimin , Diao Yu
Published: June 2022

For tunnelling in urban areas, the current sequential excavation (SE) method usually increases the number of temporary drifts to achieve better control of surface settlements, which may prolong construction duration. In this case study, a four-drift SE method, termed the suspension-type centre cross diaphragm (S-CRD) method, was proposed and applied to the construction of a large cross-section tunnel in soft ground, where normally the six-drift double-side drift (DSD) method would be adopted. Field monitoring results and statistical data indicated that, in comparison with the six-drift DSD method, the four-drift S-CRD method achieved better control of the surface settlements while improving the efficiency of construction by 30%. The advantages of the S-CRD method, i.e., safe and rapid construction, were eminently clear.
FTIR and Raman spectroscopic characterization of cannabinoids
Authors: Tay Li-Lin , Hulse John , Paroli Ralph M.
Published: June 2022

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol (CBN) are three key phytochemical components of cannabis. All three have demonstrated phytochemical activity and are implicated in pharmacological use of cannabis. In this paper, we present the Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopic characterization of THC, CBD, and CBN compounds obtained from certified reference materials. Spontaneous Raman, mid-infrared absorption spectra as well as the analogous surface-enhanced counterparts (surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced infrared absorption) of the cannabinoids are discussed in detail here. We have also examined the laser induced photothermal changes that occur in THC and CBD under spontaneous Raman acquisition conditions as revealed in their Raman spectra. Vibrational spectroscopy provides a robust, portable, and cost effective analytical approach to quality control for various medicinal and consumer cannabinoid products. The pure compound spectra of the three cannabinoids presented in this work will help end-users to establish better quantitative analysis methods based on these techniques.
When can we compute analytically lookback time, age of the universe, and luminosity distance?
Authors: Jose Sonia , Leblanc Alexandre , Faraoni Valerio
Published: June 2022

In Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmology, it is sometimes possible to compute analytically lookback time, age of the universe, and luminosity distance versus redshift, expressing them in terms of a finite number of elementary functions. We classify these situations using the Chebyshev theorem of integration and providing examples.
Cooper pairs localization in tree-like networks of superconducting islands
Authors: Romeo Francesco , De Luca Roberto
Published: June 2022

We study inhomogeneous Cooper pairs distribution and localization effects in tree-like networks of superconducting islands coupled via Josephson weak links. Using a generalized Feynman’s approach, reminiscent of the Bose–Hubbard model, we demonstrate that the Cooper pairs fraction which localizes on a specific network’s island is limited by the network topology and, if present, by the repulsive interaction. These findings contribute to clarify the interplay between confinement effects induced by the network’s topology and interaction and shed some light on recent experiments dealing with networks of Josephson junctions.
Baicalein Preconditioning Cardioprotection Involves Pro-Oxidant Signaling and Activation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Li Jing , Chang Wei-Tien , Qin Gina , Wojcik Kimberly R. , Li Chang-Qing , Hsu Chin-Wang , Han Mei , Zhu Xiangdong , Vanden Hoek Terry L. , Shao Zuo-Hui
Published: June 2022

Preconditioning has a powerful protective potential against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R). Our prior work demonstrated that baicalein, a flavonoid derived from the root of Scatellaria baicalensis Georgi (also known as Huangqin), confers this preconditioning protection. This study further explored the mechanisms of baicalein preconditioning (BC-PC) in mouse cardiomyocytes. Cells were treated with baicalein (10 μM) for a brief period of time (10 min) prior to simulated ischemia 90 min/reperfusion for 180 min. Baicalein triggered an induction of a small amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) prior to the initiation of ischemia, assessed by 6-carboxy-2′, 7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (6-carboxy-H2DCFDA). It also significantly increased cell viability measured by propidium iodide (PI) and lactate dehydrogenase and preserved mitochondrial membrane potential assessed by TMRM fluorescence intensity. Myxothiazol, a mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III inhibitor, partially blocked ROS generation induced by BC-PC and reduced cell viability. BC-PC increased phosphorylation of Akt (Thr308 and Ser473) and eNOS Ser1177, and nitric oxide (NO) production measured using 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2 DA, 1 μM). Akt inhibitor API-2 abolished Akt phosphorylation and reduced DAF-2 production and cell viability. In addition, BC-PC decreased phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) reflecting upregulated PDH activity, and increased ATP production at 30 min during reperfusion. Taken together, baicalein preconditioning-induced cardioprotection involves pro-oxidant generation, activates survival signaling Akt/eNOS/NO, and improves metabolic recovery after I/R injury. Our work provides new perspectives on the effect of baicalein on cardiac preconditioning against I/R injury.
Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-oxidant Functions of Cornuside by Regulating NF-κB, STAT-1, and Nrf2-HO-1 Pathways
Authors: Kim Chaeyeong , Kim Nayeon , Bae Jong-Sup
Published: June 2022

Cornuside (CNS), found in the fruit of Cornus officinalis Seib, is a natural bisiridoid glucoside that possesses therapeutic effects by suppressing inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether CNS could inhibit the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mice, as well as to decipher the mechanisms. After activating HUVECs with LPS, the cells were treated with CNS. Cells were then isolated for protein or mRNA assays to analyze signaling and inflammatory molecules. In addition, mice received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS, followed by an intravenously administered dose of CNS. CNS inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions induced by LPS. CNS decreased phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-1 by promoting HO-1 expression, inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B-luciferase activity, and decreasing COX-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and iNOS/NO. Furthermore, CNS treatment in LPS-activated HUVECs increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythrocyte 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and combined Nrf2 to anti-oxidant response elements and decreased IL-1[Formula: see text] production. Reduced iNOS/NO expression by CNS was restored when HO-1 RNAi inhibited heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). After CNS treatment in vivo, iNOS levels in lung tissue and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text] expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly decreased. The results indicated that CNS increased HO-1 expression, reduced LPS-activated NF-[Formula: see text]B–luciferase activity, and inhibited iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2, all of which contributed to the inhibition of STAT-1 phosphorylation. Thus, CNS can be a potential new substance for treating inflammatory disorders.
A TALE OF TWO POLICIES: THE DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTS OF MIGRATION AND LAND POLICY IN CHINA
Authors: LI XIAOLU , TANG YANG
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we study the distributional impacts of regional land and migration policies on housing, land markets and resource re-allocation in the context of the Chinese economy. The distribution of both housing prices and population is endogenously determined in a general equilibrium framework. We calibrate the model into the Chinese economy during 2010–2015 to match certain key moments regarding migration flow and land supply policies among 278 prefectural cities. Counterfactual exercises suggest that a uniformly tightened land policy distracts population from flowing into large to median-size cities; hence, housing price growth slows down in large cities. A uniformly tightened migration policy leads to more population recipient cities at an overall smaller scale, which causes housing prices to grow in most cities. Housing and population distribution become less dispersed under both exercises. If land supply distribution becomes less dispersed, housing and land prices become lower in most cities, and land price distribution becomes more even.
Integrating Customer Order Decoupling Point with Operation Planning in Deteriorating Supply Chain: General Dynamic Model and Applications
Authors: Wang Ermei , Li Lin , Yang Kuan , Zhou Yinggao
Published: June 2022

Considering the real dilemma of deteriorating items, we explore how to find a balance between the conflicting achievements of enhancing flexibility and reducing costs. We propose a general dynamic model to penetrate customer orders by decoupling point with objective to minimize the cost. The closed forms of optimal solutions are obtained for companies to deal with the integrated problem of customer order decoupling point (CODP) decision and production–inventory plan simultaneously. Applications and numerical experiments are performed to illustrate practical insights for managers. The results show that the truth of zero-inventory policy is to avoid unnecessary inventory instead of absolutely no inventory. The CODP will shift forward with the increasing of customer demand rate and shift backward with the increasing of deterioration rate under the production smoothing policy. However, although it encounters the same changes of demand, the CODP moves with a smaller extent in high deterioration rate than in low. In addition, we find that during the growth phase of product life cycle, the increase of time-sensitive degree of demand is coupled with forward shifting of CODP; while during the decline phase, it is coupled with CODP backward shifting.
Limits of the Tristram–Levine signature function
Authors: Borodzik Maciej , Zarzycki Jakub
Published: June 2022

We show that under a precise condition on the single variable Alexander polynomial, the limit at one of the Tristram–Levine signature of a link is determined by the linking matrix.
Motion of a spinning particle around an improved rotating black hole
Authors: Ladino Jose Miguel , Larrañaga Eduard
Published: June 2022

Using the Mathisson–Papapetrou–Dixon equations together with the Tulczyjew spin-supplementary condition, we study the circular orbits of a spinning test particle moving in the equatorial plane of a quantum improved Rotating Black Hole (RBH) spacetime. This background metric incorporates a position-dependent gravitational constant [Formula: see text] and its behavior determines the quantum corrections to the properties of the Innermost Stable Circular Orbit (ISCO). The obtained results show that the radius of the event horizon as well as the radius of the ISCO for the quantum improved RBH are smaller than those of the Schwarzschild or Kerr solutions.
UNSTEADY THIN HYBRID NANOLIQUID FILM FLOW OVER A STRETCHABLE CYLINDER
Authors: NAG SWATILEKHA , MAITY SUSANTA , HANDIQUE PALKY , SAHA UTPAL KUMAR
Published: June 2022

Unsteady thin hybrid nanoliquid film flow over a stretchable cylindrical surface is studied with the uniform thickness of hybrid nanoliquid. The combined effects of different nanoparticles like single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and copper (Cu) are considered for investigation in the presence of thermocapillarity, magnetic field and thermal radiation. The finite difference technique is applied to solve the governing set of nonlinear equations. Result showed that the hybrid nanoliquid film thinning rate declined with the higher volume fraction of different nanoparticles. The hybrid nanoliquid film thickness enhanced with higher values of radiation parameter and magnetic field. A curve [Formula: see text] is described within the hybrid nanoliquid film which separated total flow region in two zones. In one side of this curve, heat is transferred from the cylindrical surface to the hybrid nanoliquid film and in the other side, opposite scenario is observed.
AHI: Smart Logistics for Autonomous Transport Using IoT and Blockchain Technology
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Yan-Li
Published: June 2022

In order to improve the transportation effect of the autonomous transportation logistics system, this paper combines the Internet of Things and blockchain technology to construct an intelligent logistics system, and establishes the principle of deterministic deviation compensation based on the two-point method. Moreover, this paper calculates two deterministic deviations through the known coordinates of the starting and ending points and compensates them into the heading angle and pitch angle measured by the inertial navigation system respectively. Further, this paper uses the basic formula of dead reckoning to calculate the trajectory after compensation to achieve the effect of improving positioning accuracy. Finally, this paper constructs an autonomous transportation intelligent logistics system based on the Internet of Things and blockchain technology. The experimental research results show that the simulation effect of the autonomous transportation intelligent logistics system based on the Internet of Things and blockchain technology is very good.
Topological structures of event horizons along framed null Cartan curves in Minkowski space
Authors: Yu Xintong , Liu Siyao , Wang Zhigang
Published: June 2022

In this work, we model two event horizons associated with a null Cartan curve as two lightlike hypersurfaces, respectively. We define a lightlike surface and a spacelike surface whose images coincide with the sets of critical values of two event horizons, and meanwhile we present two curves whose images coincide with the sets of critical values of these two surfaces, respectively. Using the singularity theory, we characterize the local topological structures of two event horizons, two surfaces and two curves at their singularities by means of two new invariants. Moreover, we also present a spacelike braneworld model along the particle as a spacelike surface in hyperbolic 3-space. An important fact shows that from the viewpoint of Legendrian dualities, this surface is [Formula: see text]-dual to the tangent trajectory [Formula: see text] of the null Cartan curve in Lorentz–Minkowski space-time. Meanwhile, we also consider a curve whose image is the set of critical values of this surface in hyperbolic 3-space. The third invariant of the null Cartan curve characterizes the singularities of the surface [Formula: see text] and the curve [Formula: see text] in hyperbolic 3-space. A result indicates that surface [Formula: see text] is locally diffeomorphic to the swallowtail [Formula: see text] or cuspidal edge [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is locally diffeomorphic to the [Formula: see text]-cusp at certain a singular point. It is also shown that there exist deep relationships between the singularities of the surface [Formula: see text] and the curve [Formula: see text] and the order of contact between [Formula: see text] and elliptic quadric [Formula: see text] or the order of contact between [Formula: see text] and spacelike hyperplane [Formula: see text]. Finally, we present several examples to describe the main results.
The formation kinetics, the chemical structure and the application prospects of the (ethoxy)(oxo)(5,10,15,20-(4-tert-butylphenyl)porphinato)molybdenum(V)coordination complexes with pyridine/pyridine bearing 1-N-methyl-3,4-fullero[60]pyrrolidine
Authors: Lomova Tatyana N. , Motorina Elena V. , Bichan Nataliya G.
Published: June 2022

The self-assembly in the mixtures of (ethoxy)(oxo)(5,10,15,20-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-porphinato)molybdenum(V) (O=Mo(OEt)T[Formula: see text]BuPP) with pyridine and 1-N-methyl-2-(pyridin-4-yl)-3,4-fullero[60]pyrrolidine (PyF) in toluene was quantitatively studied using the UV-vis, IR,1H NMR, mass spectrometry methods, chemical thermodynamics/kinetics, and X-ray phase analysis. The axial bonding of the pyridine molecule with O=Mo(OEt)T[Formula: see text]BuPP proceeds as two step equilibriums with the equilibrium constants [Formula: see text] 2.58 × 102L/mol and [Formula: see text] 1.48 × 102L/mol. The relative optical response to the presence of pyridine corresponding to the first and second equilibrium [Formula: see text] was found to be aqual 0.23 and 0.19. The novel fluorescence quenching donor-acceptor system, O=Mo(PyF)2T[Formula: see text]BuPP][Formula: see text]OEt[Formula: see text], together with its full characterization are represented. The results obtained will be useful in the development of sensors for organic bases and photoactive molecular materials for optoelectronics.
Lightweight Optimization Design of Structures with Multiple Cellular Materials
Authors: Li Weibai , Huang Xiaodong
Published: June 2022

Cellular materials have been widely applied to a lightweight design of structures. The mechanical properties of those materials depend on their microstructures at the microlevel/mesolevel, and the optimizaiton design of lightweight structures using multiple cellular materials is still challenging. This paper develops a topology optimization algorithm for a lightweight design of structures constructed by multiple cellular materials with specified microstructures. The mechanical properties of cellular materials are homogenized according to their microstructures and then integrated into topology optimization. The topology optimization problem is defined by minimizing structural compliance subject to a specified mass constraint. In order to identify the distribution of multiple cellular materials within the design domain, the multiple design variables are introduced based on the volume fractions of multiple cellular materials within each element. Meanwhile, the homogenized mechanical properties are linearly interpolated, and multiple floating projection constraints are imposed on the relaxed design variables to push them toward 0 or 1. Numerical examples demonstrate the successful implementation of the proposed algorithm by the optimal distribution and selection of multiple cellular materials.
On the Sα-matrix of graphs
Authors: Lin Zhen
Published: June 2022

Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be the adjacency matrix and the diagonal matrix of vertex degrees of a graph [Formula: see text], respectively. For any real [Formula: see text], Nikiforov defined the matrix [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be complement of [Formula: see text]. Define [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the identity matrix and the all-ones matrix, respectively. Since [Formula: see text] is the Seidel matrix of [Formula: see text], this new matrix is the generalization of Seidel matrix. Further, [Formula: see text] is a subset of universal adjacency matrices defined by Haemers and Omidi. In this paper, [Formula: see text]-eigenvalues and [Formula: see text]-energy of [Formula: see text] respectively, are investigated, which not only extends Seidel matrix but also enriches the theory of universal adjacency matrices.
A note on hyperopic cops and robber
Authors: Clarke N. E. , Finbow S. , Messinger M. E. , Porter A.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we explore a variant of the game of Cops and Robber introduced by Bonato et al. where the robber is invisible unless outside the common neighborhood of the cops. The hyperopic cop number is analogous to the cop number and we investigate bounds on this quantity. We define a small common neighborhood set and relate the minimum cardinality of this graph parameter to the hyperopic cop number. We consider diameter [Formula: see text] graphs, particularly the join of two graphs, as well as Cartesian products.
Phyto-assisted Preparation of Fe2O3 Nanoflowers and Their Antimicrobial Studies
Authors: Ravinder  , Das Dipak Kumar , Kumar Anuj
Published: June 2022

Synthetic protocols for the preparation of nanomaterials chemically are expensive, too much time taking and unfriendly to the environment, therefore, phyto-assisted approach has the potential to be a promising alternative strategy for the synthesis of nanomaterials. Herein, Fe2O3 with nanoflower-like architecture (Fe2O3 NFs) was prepared using Moringa oleifera leaf extract, and characterized by employing several analytical techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared Fe2O3 NFs was evaluated against the bacteria viz. Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli by using the serial dilution method. The results suggested that Fe2O3 NFs possess comparable antimicrobial activity comparable with streptomycin against the used pathogens.
Computer simulation of sulfated chitosan derivatives
Authors: Burkhanova N. J. , Nurgaliev I. N. , Rakhmanova V. N. , Rashidova S. Sh.
Published: June 2022

In recent years, use of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles as nanocarriers received much attention due to their bio-degradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. Water-soluble sulfated CS derivatives are widely used as anticoagulant and antiviral drugs. The chitosan sulfates (CSS) containing one-to-three sulfate groups were investigated using 0the DTF. The energy gap [Formula: see text], electronegativity ([Formula: see text]), electron affinity (EA), chemical potential [Formula: see text], ionization potential (IP), hardness [Formula: see text], softness [Formula: see text], electrophilicity index [Formula: see text], and maximum charge transfer index [Formula: see text] were obtained by the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) method. The electronic and thermodynamic properties, Mulliken atomic charges of sulfated chitosan with different contents of sulfate groups were obtained using the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) method.
Effect of pyrolysis parameters on mechanical properties of polymer-derived ceramics
Authors: Ma Chi , Zhao Huan , Li Yan
Published: June 2022

Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) which are fabricated through pyrolysis of preceramic polymers have attracted increasing attention due to their versatility in structure architecture design and property tailoring. Shaping at the polymer state using 3D printing allows the final ceramic products to exhibit arbitrary shapes and complex architectures that are otherwise impossible to achieve through traditional processing routes. The polymer-to-ceramic phase transition also provides additional space for mechanical property tailoring. A multiscale computational model is developed to explore the phase transition mechanisms and their correlations with processing parameters and failure response. Calculations in this work concern PMHS/DVB preceramic polymers. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out first to track the atomic structure evolution at different temperatures. Continuum-scale ceramic phase formation is calculated on the basis of the competition between gas generation and gas diffusion. The effect of processing parameters on mechanical properties of pyrolyzed PMHS/DVB is systematically studied. Conclusions from this study can provide direct guidance for fabricating PDC composites with tailored mechanical properties.
A Novel Drone-Station Matching model in Smart Cities based on Strict Preferences
Authors: Nath Debolina , Bandyopadhyay Anjan , Rana Ankit , Gaber Tarek , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: June 2022

There has been a considerable increase in the use of drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in recent times, for a wide variety of purposes such as security, surveillance, delivery, search and rescue operations, penetration of inaccessible or unsafe areas, etc. The increasing number of drones working in an area poses a challenge to finding a suitable charging or resting station for each drone after completing its task or when it goes low on its charge. The classical methodology followed by drones is to return to their pre-assigned charging station every time it requires a station. This approach is found to be inefficient as it leads to an unnecessary waste of time as well as power, which could be easily saved if the drone is allotted a nearby charging station that is free. Therefore, we propose a drone-allocation model based on a preference matching algorithm where the drones will be allotted the nearest available station to land if the station is free. The problem is modeled as three entities: Drones, system controllers and charging stations. The matching algorithm was then used to design a Drone-Station Matching model. The simulation results of our proposed model showed that there would be considerably less power consumption and more time saving over the conventional system. This would save its travel time and power and ensure more efficient use of the drone.