bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive causes of ‘like me’ race and gender biases in human language production
Authors: Brough Jessica , Harris Lasana T. , Wu Shi Hui , Branigan Holly P. , Rabagliati Hugh
Published: July 2024

Natural language contains and communicates social biases, often reflecting attitudes, prejudices and stereotypes. Here we provide evidence for a novel psychological pathway for the expression of such biases, in which they arise as a consequence of the automatized mechanisms by which humans retrieve words to produce sentences. Four experiments show that, when describing events, speakers tend to mention people who are more like them first and, thus, tend to highlight the perspectives of their own social groups. This ‘like me’ effect was seen in speakers from multiple demographic groups, in both English and Chinese speakers and in both first- and second-language English speakers. Psycholinguistic manipulations pinpoint that the bias is caused by greater accessibility in memory of words that refer to in-group than out-group members. These data provide a new cognitive explanation for why people produce biased language and highlight how detailed cognitive theories can have social implications.
Nonlinear optical encoding enabled by recurrent linear scattering
Authors: Xia Fei , Kim Kyungduk , Eliezer Yaniv , Han SeungYun , Shaughnessy Liam , Gigan Sylvain , Cao Hui
Published: July 2024

Optical information processing and computing can potentially offer enhanced performance, scalability and energy efficiency. However, achieving nonlinearity—a critical component of computation—remains challenging in the optical domain. Here we introduce a design that leverages a multiple-scattering cavity to passively induce optical nonlinear random mapping with a continuous-wave laser at a low power. Each scattering event effectively mixes information from different areas of a spatial light modulator, resulting in a highly nonlinear mapping between the input data and output pattern. We demonstrate that our design retains vital information even when the readout dimensionality is reduced, thereby enabling optical data compression. This capability allows our optical platforms to offer efficient optical information processing solutions across applications. We demonstrate our design’s efficacy across tasks, including classification, image reconstruction, keypoint detection and object detection, all of which are achieved through optical data compression combined with a digital decoder. In particular, high performance at extreme compression ratios is observed in real-time pedestrian detection. Our findings open pathways for novel algorithms and unconventional architectural designs for optical computing.
Gut microbiota carcinogen metabolism causes distal tissue tumours
Authors: Roje Blanka , Zhang Boyao , Mastrorilli Eleonora , Kovačić Ana , Sušak Lana , Ljubenkov Ivica , Ćosić Elena , Vilović Katarina , Meštrović Antonio , Vukovac Emilija Lozo , Bučević-Popović Viljemka , Puljiz Željko , Karaman Ivana , Terzić Janoš , Zimmermann Michael
Published: July 2024

Exposure to environmental pollutants and human microbiome composition are important predisposition factors for tumour development1,2. Similar to drug molecules, pollutants are typically metabolized in the body, which can change their carcinogenic potential and affect tissue distribution through altered toxicokinetics3. Although recent studies demonstrated that human-associated microorganisms can chemically convert a wide range of xenobiotics and influence the profile and tissue exposure of resulting metabolites4,5, the effect of microbial biotransformation on chemical-induced tumour development remains unclear. Here we show that the depletion of the gut microbiota affects the toxicokinetics of nitrosamines, which markedly reduces the development and severity of nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder cancer in mice6,7. We causally linked this carcinogen biotransformation to specific gut bacterial isolates in vitro and in vivo using individualized bacterial culture collections and gnotobiotic mouse models, respectively. We tested gut communities from different human donors to demonstrate that microbial carcinogen metabolism varies between individuals and we showed that this metabolic activity applies to structurally related nitrosamine carcinogens. Altogether, these results indicate that gut microbiota carcinogen metabolism may be a contributing factor for chemical-induced carcinogenesis, which could open avenues to target the microbiome for improved predisposition risk assessment and prevention of cancer.
The catalytic asymmetric polyene cyclization of homofarnesol to ambrox
Authors: Luo Na , Turberg Mathias , Leutzsch Markus , Mitschke Benjamin , Brunen Sebastian , Wakchaure Vijay N. , Nöthling Nils , Schelwies Mathias , Pelzer Ralf , List Benjamin
Published: July 2024

Polyene cyclizations are among the most complex and challenging transformations in biology. In a single reaction step, multiple carbon–carbon bonds, ring systems and stereogenic centres are constituted from simple, acyclic precursors1–3. Simultaneously achieving this kind of precise control over product distribution and stereochemistry poses a formidable task for chemists. In particular, the polyene cyclization of (3E,7E)-homofarnesol to the valuable naturally occurring ambergris odorant (−)-ambrox is recognized as a longstanding challenge in chemical synthesis1,4–7. Here we report a diastereoselective and enantioselective synthesis of (−)-ambrox and the sesquiterpene lactone natural product (+)-sclareolide by a catalytic asymmetric polyene cyclization by using a highly Brønsted-acidic and confined imidodiphosphorimidate catalyst in the presence of fluorinated alcohols. Several experiments, including deuterium-labelling studies, suggest that the reaction predominantly proceeds through a concerted pathway in line with the Stork–Eschenmoser hypothesis8–10. Mechanistic studies show the importance of the enzyme-like microenvironment of the imidodiphosphorimidate catalyst for attaining exceptionally high selectivities, previously thought to be achievable only in enzyme-catalysed polyene cyclizations.
Micrometric pyrite catalyzes abiotic sulfidogenesis from elemental sulfur and hydrogen
Authors: van der Graaf Charlotte M. , Sánchez-España Javier , Ilin Andrey M. , Yusta Iñaki , Stams Alfons J. M. , Sánchez-Andrea Irene
Published: July 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in environments with temperatures below 100 °C is generally assumed to be of microbial origin, while abiotic H2S production is typically restricted to higher temperatures (T). In this study, we report an abiotic process for sulfidogenesis through the reduction of elemental sulfur (S0) by hydrogen (H2), mediated by pyrite (FeS2). The process was investigated in detail at pH 4 and 80 °C, but experimental conditions ranged between 40 and 80 °C and pH 4–6. The experiments were conducted with H2 as reducing molecule, and µm-sized spherical (but not framboidal) pyrite particles that formed in situ from the H2S, S0 and Fe2+ present in the experiments. Fe monosulfides, likely mackinawite, were identified as potential pyrite precursors. The absence of H2 production in controls, combined with geochemical modelling, suggests that pyrite formation occurred through the polysulfide pathway, which is unexpected under acidic conditions. Most spherical aggregates of authigenic pyrite were composed of nanometric, acicular crystals oriented in diverse directions, displaying varying degrees of organization. Although it was initially hypothesized that the catalytic properties were related to the surface structure, commercially sourced, milled pyrite particles (< 50 μm) mediated H2S production at comparable rates. This suggests that the catalytic properties of pyrite depend on particle size rather than surface structure, requiring pyrite surfaces to act as electron shuttles between S0 and H2.
A tumor targeted nano micelle carrying astragaloside IV for combination treatment of bladder cancer
Authors: Kong Chenfan , Sun Jianrong , Hu Xinzi , Li Guangzhi , Wu Song
Published: July 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective agents for tumor immunotherapy. However, their clinical effectiveness is unsatisfactory due to off-target effects and a suppressive immune microenvironment. This study developed a nanodrug delivery system for bladder cancer (BCa) using PCL-MPEG and PCL-PEG-CHO to synthesize internal hydrophobic and external hydrophilic micelles (PP) that encapsulated water-insoluble astragaloside IV (PPA). The aldehyde group on the surface of PPA reacted with the amino group of aPD-L1, allowing the decoration of this antibody on the surface of the micelles. The resultingPPA@aPD-L1effectively piggybacked astragaloside IV and aPD-L1 antibody. These findings suggest that PPA@aPD-L1 is relatively stable in circulation and efficiently binds to BCa cells with the aid of aPD-L1. Additionally, this strategy prolongs the drug’s retention time in tumors. Compared to PBS, PP, and PPA with PPA + aPD-L1 groups, PPA@aPD-L1significantly prolonged the survival of mice with BCa and reduced tumor volume. Mechanistic studies showed that PPA inhibited the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways in tumor cells. Additionally, PPA@aPD-L1increased IFN-γ and decreased IL-10 expression in bladder tumors, affecting the number and type of intratumorally infiltrating T cells. Our study presents a simple and effective drug delivery system that combines herbal monomers with ICIs. It has demonstrated a potent ability to suppress tumor growth and holds potential for future applications.
Inpatients with a history of suicide attempts in routine clinical care exhibit specific characteristics regarding sociodemographics, life events, personality, and symptom burden
Authors: Gemke Theresa J. , Zwerenz Rüdiger , Beutel Manfred E. , Michal Matthias , Wiltink Jörg , Ernst Mareike
Published: July 2024

Research indicates that patients with a lifetime history of suicide attempts are particularly burdened. However, investigations of their characteristics and comparisons with other patients are scarce. This study aimed to fill this research gap, using routine clinical data and guided by theoretical models. Data of N = 706 patients (54.4% women) was collected at the psychosomatic inpatient/day-clinic unit of a German university clinic. It comprised sociodemographic data and information about previous experiences (e.g., childhood abuse and neglect), symptom measures (e.g., the PHQ-9) and individual differences (e.g., the level of personality functioning assessed with the OPD-SQS). Groups were compared using independent t-tests or χ2-tests. Of the total sample, 118 patients (16.7%) reported suicide attempts. Those with a history of suicide attempts were more likely to have a migration background and a lower level of education, smoke (heavily) and use illegal substances. They reported lower levels of personality functioning, more current symptoms and traumatic previous experiences of abuse and neglect. Screening for previous suicidal behavior as well as associated factors can yield valuable information for clinical practice. Many group differences map onto previously observed specific risk factors for suicidal behavior, supporting the conceptual models and underscoring their relevance among clinical populations as well.
Resveratrol ameliorates atrazine-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and fibrosis in the testis of adult albino rats
Authors: Hassanin Hala Mohamed , Kamal Asmaa A. , Ismail Omnia I.
Published: July 2024

Pesticides like atrazine which are frequently present in everyday surroundings, have adverse impacts on human health and may contribute to male infertility. The work aimed to analyze the histological and biochemical effects of atrazine on the testis in adult albino rats and whether co-administration with resveratrol could reverse the effect of atrazine. Forty adult male albino rats in good health participated in this study. They were categorized at random into four groups: the Group Ӏ received water through a gastric tube for two months every day, the Group ӀӀ received resveratrol (20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) through a gastric tube for two months every day, the Group ӀӀӀ received atrazine (50 mg/kg bw) through a gastric tube for two months every day, the Group ӀV received concomitant doses of atrazine and resveratrol for two months every day. The testes of the animals were then carefully removed and prepared for biochemical, immunohistochemical, light, and electron microscopic studies. Atrazine exposure led to a significant decrease in serum testosterone hormone level, upregulation of caspase 3 and iNOS mRNA levels, destructed seminiferous tubules with few sperms in their lumens, many collagen fibres accumulation in the tunica albuginea and the interstitium, abnormal morphology of some sperms as well as many vacuolations, and damaged mitochondria in the cytoplasm of many germ cells. Concomitant administration of resveratrol can improve these adverse effects. It was concluded that atrazine exposure is toxic to the testis and impairs male fertility in adult rat and coadministration of resveratrol guards against this toxicity.
Exophiala species in household environments and their antifungal resistance profile
Authors: Kondori Nahid , Jaén-Luchoro Daniel , Karlsson Roger , Abedzaedeh Bahman , Hammarström Helena , Jönsson Bodil
Published: July 2024

The black fungus Exophiala causes a wide range of infections from superficial to subcutaneous, but also invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients as well as healthy individuals. In addition, Exophiala, is a common colonizer of the air ways of patients with cystic fibrosis. However, the source of infection and mode of transmission is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Exophiala in samples collected from Swedish indoor environments. We found that the Exophiala species were commonly found in dishwashers and that Exophiala dermatitidis was the most common Exophiala species, being identified in 70% (26 out of the 37) of samples. Almost all E. dermatitidis isolates had the ability to grow at 42 °C (P = 0.0002) and were catalase positive. Voriconazole and posaconazole exhibited the lowest MICs, while caspofungin and anidulafungin lack the antifungal activities in vitro. Future studies are needed to illuminate the transmission mode of the fungi.
Chemical and sensory analyses of cultivated pork fat tissue as a flavor enhancer for meat alternatives
Authors: Lew Emily T. , Yuen John S. K. , Zhang Kevin L. , Fuller Katherine , Frost Scott C. , Kaplan David L.
Published: July 2024

The emerging field of cellular agriculture has accelerated the development of cell-cultivated adipose tissue as an additive to enhance the flavor of alternative meat products. However, there has been limited research to evaluate the sensory profile of in vitro-grown tissues compared to conventionally obtained animal fat. This study aimed to investigate the aromatic characteristics of cell-cultivated fat tissue as a flavor enhancer for meat alternatives. Porcine dedifferentiated fat (PDFAT) cells were clonally isolated and differentiated into adipocytes. This cultured adipose tissue was then analyzed alongside native porcine fat using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) coupled with descriptive sensory analysis by human consumers. This evaluation enabled quantitative and qualitative assessments of volatile compounds released during cooking for both in vitro and in vivo porcine fats. The volatile profiles generated during the cooking process and fatty aroma characteristics reported by sensory consumers were largely similar between the two fat sources, with some differences in select compounds and aroma attributes. Ultimately, the consumers found comparable overall liking scores reported between the conventional and cultured porcine fats. These findings provide valuable sensory evidence supporting the viability of cell-cultivated adipose tissue as a flavor component of meat alternatives, substituting for conventional animal fat.
Superior and efficient performance of cost-effective MIP-202 catalyst over UiO-66-(CO2H)2 in epoxide ring opening reactions
Authors: Bagherzadeh Mojtaba , Chegeni Mohsen , Bayrami Arshad , Amini Mojtaba
Published: July 2024

This study explored the catalytic performance of two robust zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), MIP-202(Zr) and UiO-66-(CO2H)2 in the ring-opening of epoxides using alcohols and amines as nucleophilic reagents. The MOFs were characterized by techniques such as FT-IR, PXRD, FE-SEM, and EDX. Through systematic optimization of key parameters (catalyst amount, time, temperature, solvent), MIP-202(Zr) achieved 99% styrene oxide conversion in 25 min with methanol at room temperature using 5 mg catalyst. In contrast, UiO-66-(CO2H)2 required drastically harsher conditions of 120 min, 60 °C, and four times the catalyst loading to reach 98% conversion. A similar trend was observed for ring-opening with aniline –MIP-202(Zr) gave 93% conversion in one hour at room temperature, while UiO-66-(CO2H)2 needed two hours at 60 °C for 95% conversion. The superior performance of MIP-202(Zr) likely stems from cooperative Brønsted/Lewis acid sites and higher proton conductivity enabling more efficient epoxide activation. Remarkably, MIP-202(Zr) maintained consistent activity over five recycles in the ring-opening of styrene oxide by methanol and over three recycles in the ring-opening of styrene oxide by aniline. Testing various epoxide substrates and nucleophiles revealed trends in reactivity governed by electronic and steric effects. The results provide useful insights into tuning Zr-MOF-based catalysts and highlight the promise of the cost-effective and sustainable MIP-202(Zr) for diverse epoxide ring-opening reactions on an industrial scale.
The impact of the first year of COVID-19 pandemic on suicides in a collection of 27 EU-related countries
Authors: Lantos Tamás , Nyári Tibor András
Published: July 2024

Disasters, including epidemics, have a characteristic course, both in terms of the specific events and the human reactions to them. However, it is difficult to predict whether the COVID-19 pandemic will eventually lead to an increase in suicide rates. We aimed to provide a general pattern of the change in suicide rates in the countries linked to the European Union by direct comparison of the years 2019 and 2020 by gender and age group, grouped according to the predominant religions. Overall, 27 countries were included in the analysis. Incidence rate ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to characterise annual changes in the incidence of suicide deaths. In almost two-thirds of the countries studied, suicide rates did not increase. The largest increases were observed in Catholic-majority and ‘mixed’ Catholic-Protestant countries, but this was significant only for the oldest age group (over 65 years). This increase was even more marked within some Catholic-majority countries (Hungary, Ireland, and Spain) during the first months of the pandemic. There was no statistically significant increase overall in the suicide death rates in Europe. However, the pattern of suicide rates has changed significantly in some countries, and by age group and religion, respectively.
Rapid response to selpercatinib in RET fusion positive pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma confirmed by smartwatch
Authors: Deschler-Baier Barbara , Krebs Markus , Kroiss Matthias , Chatterjee Manik , Gundel Daniel , Kestler Christian , Kerscher Alexander , Kunzmann Volker , Appenzeller Silke , Maurus Katja , Rosenwald Andreas , Bargou Ralf , Gerhard-Hartmann Elena , Venkataramani Vivek
Published: July 2024

This case report describes the efficacy of selpercatinib, a selective RET inhibitor, in an unusual case of large-cell neuroendocrine pancreatic carcinoma (LCNEPAC) harboring a CCDC6::RET fusion. A 56-year-old male with a history of multiple lines of systemic therapies exhibited marked clinical amelioration shortly after initiating selpercatinib within the LOXO-RET-17001 study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03157128, first posted: 2017-05-17). Data from the patient’s smartwatch suggested early efficacy before conventional methods, such as serum tumor markers and CT imaging confirmed the antitumor activity. This case not only underscores the efficacy of selpercatinib in treating RET fusion-positive rare tumors but also highlights the potential of wearable technology in cancer care. In conclusion, the standard readings from commercially available wearable devices can be useful for the monitoring of treatment response to targeted therapy and may serve as digital biomarkers in clinical trials. This approach marks a significant advancement in patient-centric healthcare, leveraging technology to enhance the effectiveness and precision of treatment evaluation.
Mapping protein binding sites by photoreactive fragment pharmacophores
Authors: Ábrányi-Balogh Péter , Bajusz Dávid , Orgován Zoltán , Keeley Aaron B. , Petri László , Péczka Nikolett , Szalai Tibor Viktor , Pálfy Gyula , Gadanecz Márton , Grant Emma K. , Imre Tímea , Takács Tamás , Ranđelović Ivan , Baranyi Marcell , Marton András , Schlosser Gitta , Ashraf Qirat F. , de Araujo Elvin D. , Karancsi Tamás , Buday László , Tóvári József , Perczel András , Bush Jacob T. , Keserű György M.
Published: July 2024

Fragment screening is a popular strategy of generating viable chemical starting points especially for challenging targets. Although fragments provide a better coverage of chemical space and they have typically higher chance of binding, their weak affinity necessitates highly sensitive biophysical assays. Here, we introduce a screening concept that combines evolutionary optimized fragment pharmacophores with the use of a photoaffinity handle that enables high hit rates by LC-MS-based detection. The sensitivity of our screening protocol was further improved by a target-conjugated photocatalyst. We have designed, synthesized, and screened 100 diazirine-tagged fragments against three benchmark and three therapeutically relevant protein targets of different tractability. Our therapeutic targets included a conventional enzyme, the first bromodomain of BRD4, a protein-protein interaction represented by the oncogenic KRasG12D protein, and the yet unliganded N-terminal domain of the STAT5B transcription factor. We have discovered several fragment hits against all three targets and identified their binding sites via enzymatic digestion, structural studies and modeling. Our results revealed that this protocol outperforms screening traditional fully functionalized and photoaffinity fragments in better exploration of the available binding sites and higher hit rates observed for even difficult targets.
Simulation-based inference of developmental EEG maturation with the spectral graph model
Authors: Bernardo Danilo , Xie Xihe , Verma Parul , Kim Jonathan , Liu Virginia , Numis Adam L. , Wu Ye , Glass Hannah C. , Yap Pew-Thian , Nagarajan Srikantan S. , Raj Ashish
Published: July 2024

The spectral content of macroscopic neural activity evolves throughout development, yet how this maturation relates to underlying brain network formation and dynamics remains unknown. Here, we assess the developmental maturation of electroencephalogram spectra via Bayesian model inversion of the spectral graph model, a parsimonious whole-brain model of spatiospectral neural activity derived from linearized neural field models coupled by the structural connectome. Simulation-based inference was used to estimate age-varying spectral graph model parameter posterior distributions from electroencephalogram spectra spanning the developmental period. This model-fitting approach accurately captures observed developmental electroencephalogram spectral maturation via a neurobiologically consistent progression of key neural parameters: long-range coupling, axonal conduction speed, and excitatory:inhibitory balance. These results suggest that the spectral maturation of macroscopic neural activity observed during typical development is supported by age-dependent functional adaptations in localized neural dynamics and their long-range coupling across the macroscopic structural network.
Dynamic quantitative phase microscopy: a single-shot approach using geometric phase interferometry
Authors: Espinosa-Momox Ana , Norton Brandon , Serrano-García David I. , Porras-Aguilar Rosario
Published: July 2024

There is a significant gap in cost-effective quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) systems for studying dynamic cellular processes while maintaining accuracy for long-term cellular monitoring. Current QPM systems often rely on complex and expensive voltage-controllable components like Spatial Light Modulators or two-beam interferometry. To address this, we introduce a QPM system optimized for time-varying phase samples using azobenzene liquid crystal as a Zernike filter with a polarization-sensing camera. This system operates without input voltage or moving components, reducing complexity and cost. Optimized for gentle illumination to minimize phototoxicity, it achieves a 1 Hz frame rate for prolonged monitoring. The system demonstrated accuracy with a maximum standard deviation of ±42 nm and low noise fluctuations of ±2.5 nm. Designed for simplicity and single-shot operations, our QPM system is efficient, robust, and precisely calibrated for reliable measurements. Using inexpensive optical components, it offers an economical solution for long-term, noninvasive biological monitoring and research applications.
The DNA repair protein DNA-PKcs modulates synaptic plasticity via PSD-95 phosphorylation and stability
Authors: Mollinari Cristiana , Cardinale Alessio , Lupacchini Leonardo , Martire Alberto , Chiodi Valentina , Martinelli Andrea , Rinaldi Anna Maria , Fini Massimo , Pazzaglia Simonetta , Domenici Maria Rosaria , Garaci Enrico , Merlo Daniela
Published: July 2024

The key DNA repair enzyme DNA-PKcs has several and important cellular functions. Loss of DNA-PKcs activity in mice has revealed essential roles in immune and nervous systems. In humans, DNA-PKcs is a critical factor for brain development and function since mutation of the prkdc gene causes severe neurological deficits such as microcephaly and seizures, predicting yet unknown roles of DNA-PKcs in neurons. Here we show that DNA-PKcs modulates synaptic plasticity. We demonstrate that DNA-PKcs localizes at synapses and phosphorylates PSD-95 at newly identified residues controlling PSD-95 protein stability. DNA-PKcs −/− mice are characterized by impaired Long-Term Potentiation (LTP), changes in neuronal morphology, and reduced levels of postsynaptic proteins. A PSD-95 mutant that is constitutively phosphorylated rescues LTP impairment when over-expressed in DNA-PKcs −/− mice. Our study identifies an emergent physiological function of DNA-PKcs in regulating neuronal plasticity, beyond genome stability.
Symmetry-controllable assembly of Au nanooctahedron superlattice membranes for SERS
Authors: Qiu Yue , Ding Weikun , Li Tongtao , Wang Yajun , Yang Dong , Dong Angang
Published: July 2024

Adjusting the symmetry of two-dimensional superlattice membranes of Au nanoocthedra was realized by regulating the free polymeric ligands during self-assembly, resulting in tip-on-tip configurations that significantly improve the SERS performance.
Single-molecule tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of C60 on the Si(111)-(7 × 7) surface
Authors: Cirera Borja , Liu Shuyi , Park Youngwook , Hamada Ikutaro , Wolf Martin , Shiotari Akitoshi , Kumagai Takashi
Published: July 2024

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) provides vibrational information on single C60 molecules on a silicon surface, further enhancing its signal by the formation of a molecular-point-contact (MPC) with a plasmonic tip.
Research on the mechanism of threefold discrepancy in thermal conductivity between room temperature and phase transition temperature for 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) crystals
Authors: Wang He , Liang Wentao , Wang Xiangqi , Wang Hao , Mai Di , Zhong Cheng , Sun Xiaoyu , Dai Rucheng , Wang Zhongping , Zheng Xianxu , Zheng Wanguo , Zhang Zengming
Published: July 2024

Research on the three-fold difference in thermal conductivity of HMX crystals between room temperature and phase transition temperature.
CO oxidation over a ligand coordinated single site Rh catalyst: identification of the active complex
Authors: Rezvani Fereshteh , Zhou Xuemei , Meira Debora Motta , Sterbinsky George E. , Tait Steven L.
Published: July 2024

Single rhodium atoms are stabilized on a defective titania support via metal–ligand coordination, which facilitates oxygen activation in the CO oxidation reaction, enables high catalytic performance, and provides long-term stability.
Zr-doped heterostructure interface to tune the electronic structure of bi-functional electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Sultana Mst Zakia , Liu Jing , Lin Dongcheng , Xu Qin , Xu Ziang , Pang Maobin , Zhen Yihan , Wang Peican , Wan Lei , Yan Shuai Shuai , Wang Baoguo
Published: July 2024

Electrocatalysts for water splitting with earth-abundant materials are proposed to obtain high activity and durability simultaneously by a Zr-doping interface based on physical chemistry and materials science for engineering applications.
Sensitivity analysis of planetary boundary layer parameterization on meteorological simulations in the Yangtze river delta region, China
Authors: Chen Dihui , Zhu Ansheng , Huang Ling , Yaluk Elly , Wang Yangjun , Gee Ooi Maggie Chel , Gu Ying , Chan Andy , Li Li
Published: July 2024

Seasonal variations in meteorological simulations has been evaluated using four PBL schemes, showing that MYNN excels in summer and MYJ performs better in winter, highlighting the importance of scheme selection for accurate simulations.
Vehicular pollution as the primary source of oxidative potential of PM2.5 in Bhubaneswar, a non-attainment city in eastern India
Authors: Panda Subhasmita , Mallik Chinmay , Babu S. Suresh , Sharma Sudhir Kumar , Mandal Tuhin Kumar , Das Trupti , Boopathy R.
Published: July 2024

Overview of major PM2.5 sources responsible for catalytic ROS production.
Synthesis and antiproliferative potency of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,3-thiazolidine-4-one based new binary heterocyclic molecules: in vitro cell-based anticancer studies
Authors: Maji Avik , Himaja Ambati , Nikhitha Sripathi , Rana Soumitra , Paul Abhik , Samanta Ajeya , Shee Uday , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda , Ghosh Balaram , Maity Tapan Kumar
Published: July 2024

This research reports the in vitro anticancer potency of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl-imino-thiazolidine-4-one based heterocyclic molecules. The compound 6e induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells via ROS generation, cell shrinkage, and nuclear fragmentation.
Automated radiosynthesis and preclinical imaging of a novel [18F]fluorolidocaine analogue via sequential C–H radiolabelling
Authors: Frazier Madison , Wright Jay S. , Raffel David M. , Stauff Jenelle , Winton Wade P. , Scott Peter J. H. , Brooks Allen F.
Published: July 2024

A new fluorine-18-labelled lidocaine analogue has been successfully prepared using sequential Ir/Cu C–H radiofluorination. Preclinical PET studies indicate that these imaging agents undergo rapid metabolism and clearance.
Discovery and evaluation of 3-(2-isocyanobenzyl)-1H-indole derivatives as potential quorum sensing inhibitors for the control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in vitro
Authors: Wang Jiang , Yang Jing-Yi , Durairaj Pradeepraj , Wen Wei-Huan , Sabapathi Nadana , Yang Liang , Wang Bo , Jia Ai-Qun
Published: July 2024

This work evaluated 3-(2-isocyanobenzyl)-1H-indole derivatives as quorum sensing inhibitors for the control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in vitro.
A field-portable electrochemical immunosensor based on a multifunctional Ag2O/g-C3N4@MA-DBB covalent organic framework receptor interface for single-step detection of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples
Authors: Naz Iram , Hayat Akhtar , Jubeen Farhat , Asim Sadia , Kausar Abida
Published: July 2024

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), contaminates milk and dairy products from livestock via ingestion of feed contaminated with a species of Aspergillus.
Synthesis and characterisation of neodymium-based MOFs for application in carbon dioxide reduction to syngas
Authors: Marazani Linia Gedi , Gumbo Maureen , Moyo Lendly , Makhubela Banothile C. E. , Mehlana Gift
Published: July 2024

The metal–organic framework functionalised with a Ru(ii) complex showed high photocatalytic activity for the conversion of CO2into syngas.
Hydrangea-like δ-MnO2 anchored on GNS as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode material
Authors: Li Congshuang , Zhao Yanhong , Zhang Wei , Xu Fushun
Published: July 2024

Manganese dioxide is attractive for energy storage but still needs to be combined with highly conductive materials to improve its electrochemical properties.
One-dimensional CoTe2 nanorods combined with an optimal carbon layer for fast and robust potassium storage
Authors: Ye Jiajia , Wang Zifan , Zhang Yukun , Li Wensi , Qi Jiaxu , Han Li
Published: July 2024

One-dimensional CoTe2@C nanorods are synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method combine with carbonization process. The optimized CoTe2@C composite exhibits high rating ability and long cycle life.
Ionic polymer absorbents inspired by deep eutectic solvents to recover cobalt and nickel
Authors: Bastos Henrique , Gallastegui Antonela , de Lacalle Jon López , Schaeffer Nicolas , Pringle Jennifer M. , Mecerreyes David , Pozo-Gonzalo Cristina
Published: July 2024

Ionic polymers using hydroxylated solvents, such as glycerol, can be easily prepared through photopolymerization. They quickly adsorb metal ions such as Co2+ and Ni2+ which are then stripped off with small amounts of water, for various cycles.
Spectroscopically labelled hydroxylamino-triazine (BHT) siderophores toward the quantification of iron(iii), vanadium(v) and uranium(vi) hard metal ions
Authors: Amoiridis Angelos , Papanikolaou Michael , Drouza Chryssoula , Kabanos Themistoklis A. , Keramidas Anastasios D.
Published: July 2024

The first BHT luminescent siderophore-type ligand has been prepared. Coordination of the selective ligand with hard metal ions, FeIII, VV and UVI, quenches the emitted light permitting the quantification of metal ions at nM concentrations.
Recent advances in oxidative dearomatization involving C–H bonds for constructing value-added oxindoles
Authors: Yu Le-Mao , Chen Haojin , Fang Wenjing , Cai Ruonan , Tao Yi , Li Yong , Dong Huaping
Published: July 2024

The present review highlights the dearomatization of indoles by oxidizing C–H bonds for constructing oxindoles skeletons. Various synthetic approaches have been summarized followed by their applications in indole alkaloids and bioactive compounds.
An isomerism strategy to optimize electrochromic performance: a small orientation change of S atoms in thiophene makes a big difference
Authors: Chao Pengjie , Su Qicheng , Mo Daize , Li Lanqing
Published: July 2024

PEBDD displayed a color change from green to gray with a higher CE value of 310.8 cm2 C−1 and a superior optical contrast of 50.9% in the near-infrared region at 830 nm in comparison with PETTD.
Tailoring electronic environments of dispersed Ru sites for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Mengyu , Zhou Bowen , Guo Lingfei , Li Hongdong , Xiao Weiping , Xu Guangrui , Chen Dehong , Li Caixia , Du Yunmei , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei
Published: July 2024

Benefiting from the metal-support interactions, the prepared Ru-NiCoO2/CC exhibits excellent alkaline HER activity. Importantly, the two-electrode electrolyzer with Ru-NiCoO2/CC demonstrates potential for integration with intermittent energy systems.
Chalcogen modification: one-step strategy for tuning the photophysical properties and NIR phototherapy of iodinated BODIPY
Authors: Liu Hongyi , Li Hui , Li Wen , Zhang Jinjin , Ye Jingtao , Liao Shenglong , Li Yang , Yin Shouchun
Published: July 2024

A schematic illustration of iodinated BODIPY based on chalcogen modification of the photophysical properties for near-infrared phototherapy of tumors.
Enhanced hydrogen storage property of MgH2 caused by a BaCrO4 nanocatalyst
Authors: Liang Chenxi , Wang Zhenbin , Zhang Mingjin , Ma Cunhua
Published: July 2024

Magnesium hydroxide (MgH2) has a broad application prospect in solid hydrogen storage, but the associated higher dehydrogenation temperature and undesirable cycling capacity limit its large-scale application.
Impact of SiO2 doping on the structure and oil–water separation properties of a PVDF membrane: insights from molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Jing , Li Jiale , Zhao Yuxing , Zhang Ming
Published: July 2024

Separation mechanism of SiO2-doped PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) membrane for oil–water mixtures.
Facile synthesis of MnO/NC nanohybrids toward high-efficiency ORR for zinc–air battery
Authors: Zhuang Qingxi , Hu Chengjun , Zhu Weiting , Cheng Gao , Chen Meijie , Wang Ziyuan , Cai Shijing , Li Litu , Jin Zier , Wang Qiang
Published: July 2024

The MnO/NC nanohybrids were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal-pyrolysis strategy, showing enhanced ORR activity and promising ZAB performance.
Advancing sustainable bioplastics: chemical and physical modification of starch films for enhanced thermal and barrier properties
Authors: N. Pooja , S. Shashank , Singh Bhisham Narayan , Mazumder Nirmal
Published: July 2024

This study addresses the urgent need for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics by focusing on modification of thermoplastic starch (TPS) derived from renewable biomass sources.
Ruthenium complexes with triazenide ligands bearing an N-heterocyclic moiety, and their catalytic properties in the reduction of nitroarenes
Authors: Romero-Soto Christian A. , Iglesias Ana L. , Velázquez-Ham Amor F. , Camarena-Díaz Juan P. , Correa-Ayala Erick , Gomez-Lopez Jessica L. , Chávez Daniel , Ochoa-Terán Adrián , Aguirre Gerardo , Rheingold Arnold L. , Grotjahn Douglas B. , Parra-Hake Miguel , Miranda-Soto Valentín
Published: July 2024

Ruthenium complexes (RuCat) of triazenide ligands bearing different N-heterocyclic moieties catalyze the hydrogenation of a myriad of substituted nitroarenes under mild reaction conditions.
The graph automorphism group of the dissociation microequilibrium of polyprotic acids
Authors: Salas Nicolás , López Justin , Arango Carlos A.
Published: July 2024

Effect of permutations σ12,0 and σ21 on graph G2.
Unusual quadruple bonds featuring collective interaction-type σ bonds between first octal-row atoms in the alkaline-earth compounds AeOLi2 (Ae = Be–Ba)
Authors: Cui Li-Juan , Liu Yu-Qian , Pan Sudip , Cui Zhong-Hua , Frenking Gernot
Published: July 2024

The bonding analysis suggest that the title compounds have three dative bonds due to triple AeOLi2 backdonation and one unusual Ae→OLi2 σ donation which leads to quadruple bonds AeOLi2 for all systems even for the lightest species with Ae = Be, Mg.
A thermophysical investigation of weakly coordinated metals in ionic liquids
Authors: Clarke Coby J. , Clayton Thomas , Palmer Matthew J. , Lovelock Kevin R. J. , Licence Peter
Published: July 2024

This wide scope study of weakly coordinated metals solvated in ionic liquids links molecular scale interactions to their macroscopic properties: thermal stability, decomposition mechanisms, viscosity, density, heat capacity, and glass transitions.
Intermetallic MnNi3 phase separated from nanoporous nickel as hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst in basic media
Authors: Ning Fengping , Wang Mei , Zhao Huifang , Ma Guanshui , Meng Jianfang , Dong Ruifeng , Hou Hua , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: July 2024

Dealloying-derived intermetallic MnNi3 possesses porous-ligament structure with an ultra-large specific surface area, exhibiting superior electrocatalytic activity and robustness towards alkaline hydrogen evolution and industrial water electrolysis.
High photopiezocatalytic energy conversion via effective charge separation and deformability in the asymmetric ternary heterojunction Bi4Ti3O12/PPy/TiO2
Authors: Zhuang Jialin , Wang Lingchao , Hu Yingmo , Wang Yechen , Lin Liping , Xiao Jiaying , Chen Yunfan , Li Xiaowei , Liu Huiqiang , Zhang Qian , An Qi
Published: July 2024

Boosted electric field via enhanced dipoles, increased charge transmission towards the catalyst surface and promoted electron energy via piezoelectric field resulted in the highly efficient photopiezocatalytic activity of ternary structures.
Electrochemical CO2-to-CO via enriched oxygen vacancies at gold/ceria interfaces
Authors: Zhao Zelun , Tan Chang , Sun Peng , Li Fuwei , Wang Xue
Published: July 2024

We report a strategy of catalyst design to modulate oxygen vacancies through the control of Au/ceria interface structures, promoting Au activity for carbon monoxide production in carbon dioxide electroreduction.
Moisture-resistant and room-temperature self-healing glassy plastic with thiocarbonyl and hyperbranched structure
Authors: Li Weihang , Cai Minjie , Yao Yihang , Huang Yue , Wu Haitao , Wu Wenqiang , Wen Jie , Wu Jinrong
Published: July 2024

A moisture-resistant glassy plastic (MRGP) with hyperbranched structure and terminal thiocarbonyl groups is demonstrated. Its hydrogen bonding network exhibits remarkable moisture resistance and enables complete and fast healing at room temperature.
Fabrication of a synergistic dual-functional layer-modified Cu current collector using a Co-FCVA apparatus for high-performance anode-free lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhu Yaohui , Dai Shengqi , Du Shengjie , Zhang Bo , Chen Lin , Liao Bin
Published: July 2024

A novel Co-FCVA device was employed to prepare a synergistic dual-functional layer-modified Cu current collector for anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs), which provides an effective solution for the large-scale commercialization of AFLMBs.
Steric protection of near-infrared fluorescent dyes for enhanced bioimaging
Authors: Kommidi Sai Shradha Reddy , Atkinson Kirk M. , Smith Bradley D.
Published: July 2024

Steric protection of a long-wavelength dye, by covalent steric appendage or non-covalent encapsulation, produces enhanced photostability, increased fluorescence brightness, decreased self-aggregation, and superior pharmacokinetic profile.
Improving the performance of pure-red 2D tin-based perovskite light-emitting diodes through N-methylthiourea ligand engineering
Authors: Zhang Shulan , Qu Mujing , Duan Jiaxin , Dai Henglong , Xuan Tongtong , Xie Rongjun , Li Huili
Published: July 2024

We use ligand engineering strategy, through N-MTU interaction with Sn2+ and I−, inhibit the oxidation of Sn2+, slow down the crystallization rate of the film, and obtain PeLEDs of PEA2SnI4 with EQE of 2.35%.
Improving the performance of lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite solar cells by passivating Br vacancies
Authors: Chen Junjie , Ma Xingyu , Gong Li , Zhou Conghua , Chen Jianlin , Lu Yangfan , Zhou Maojun , He Haiping , Ye Zhizhen
Published: July 2024

Targeted passivation of the easily formed deep level defect VBr by introducing 4% HBr results in an enhancement of PCE. This work enriches the study on the passivation of intrinsic point defects in Cs2AgBiBr6.
Exploring the structural dynamics of the vesicle priming machinery
Authors: An Dong , Lindau Manfred
Published: July 2024

Various cell types release neurotransmitters, hormones and many other compounds that are stored in secretory vesicles by exocytosis via the formation of a fusion pore traversing the vesicular membrane and the plasma membrane. This process of membrane fusion is mediated by the Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Proteins REceptor (SNARE) protein complex, which in neurons and neuroendocrine cells is composed of the vesicular SNARE protein Synaptobrevin and the plasma membrane proteins Syntaxin and SNAP25 (Synaptosomal-Associated Protein of 25 kDa). Before a vesicle can undergo fusion and release of its contents, it must dock at the plasma membrane and undergo a process named ‘priming’, which makes it ready for release. The primed vesicles form the readily releasable pool, from which they can be rapidly released in response to stimulation. The stimulus is an increase in Ca2+ concentration near the fusion site, which is sensed primarily by the vesicular Ca2+ sensor Synaptotagmin. Vesicle priming involves at least the SNARE proteins as well as Synaptotagmin and the accessory proteins Munc18, Munc13, and Complexin but additional proteins may also participate in this process. This review discusses the current views of the interactions and the structural changes that occur among the proteins of the vesicle priming machinery.
Ceramide microdomains: the major influencers of the sphingolipid media platform
Authors: Weber-Stout Mariah , Nicholson Rebekah J. , Dumaguit Carlos Dave C. , Holland William L. , Summers Scott A.
Published: July 2024

Like ‘influencers’ who achieve fame and power through social media, ceramides are low abundance members of communication platforms that have a mighty impact on their surroundings. Ceramide microdomains form within sphingolipid-laden lipid rafts that confer detergent resistance to cell membranes and serve as important signaling hubs. In cells exposed to excessive amounts of saturated fatty acids (e.g. in obesity), the abundance of ceramide-rich microdomains within these rafts increases, leading to concomitant alterations in cellular metabolism and survival that contribute to cardiometabolic disease. In this mini-review, we discuss the evidence supporting the formation of these ceramide microdomains and describe the spectrum of harmful ceramide-driven metabolic actions under the context of an evolutionary theory. Moreover, we discuss the proximal ‘followers’ of these ceramide media stars that account for the diverse intracellular actions that allow them to influence obesity-linked disease.
Fatigue, Fogginess, and Sleep Complaints: Presence and Impact on Functioning After Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Riccardi Jessica Salley , Viola Nicole , Lundine Jennifer P. , Ciccia Angela H.
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to examine the occurrence and impact of fatigue, fogginess, and sleep complaints on functioning at 3, 6, 10, and 16 months after childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method:

Eighty-eight caregivers completed online surveys regarding their children with TBI, with 17 participants included at the final time point. Measures included questions related to demographic and injury characteristics, executive functioning, social relations, health-related quality of life, and fatigue, fogginess, and sleep complaints.

Results:

Fatigue, fogginess, and sleep complaints were persistent and ultimately increased at 16 months postinjury. Over half of the participants were experiencing each symptom at 16 months postinjury (i.e., 52.94% fatigue and fogginess, 58.82% sleep complaints). At 16 months postinjury, fatigue was significantly associated with female sex, and fatigue and sleep complaints were significantly associated with lower physical quality of life, but no other differences were found with symptoms and current functioning.

Conclusions:

The results of this study support that fatigue, fogginess, and sleep complaints can persist (from baseline, from postinjury, and in fluctuation) chronically for about half of the children with TBI but little association or impact on other domains of functioning. The present study supports the continued investigation of fatigue, fogginess, and sleep complaints after childhood brain injury, but further investigation with a larger sample size is necessary to inform clinical practices for assessment and management, particularly for speech-language pathologists in rehabilitation and educational settings.