bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“That is an Awful Lot of Fruit and Veg to Be Eating”. Focus Group Study on Motivations for the Consumption of 5 a Day in British Young Men
Authors: Howard Wilsher Stephanie , Fearne Andrew , Panagiotaki Georgia
Published: August 2019

Young men do not consume enough fruit and vegetables, increasing their risk for future ill health. To understand what motivates their food choice, a novel conceptual framework that included key concepts from the theory of planned behavior and risk theory was developed. Thirty-four British men (18–24 years) took part in focus groups, where innovative visual qualitative methods provided insight into participants’ motivations for fruit and vegetable consumption. Based on information from food diaries, participants were described as high (4+ portions) or low (up to 3 portions) consumers. Interviews were coded thematically into concepts and characteristics of the conceptual framework. Young men were generally unaware of the UK government’s recommendation to consume 5 portions of fruit and vegetable a day and chronic health risks associated with low consumption. High consumers were motivated by perceived risk, perceived behavioral control, and health-conscious self-identity. They held internalized, holistic beliefs about diet and health, whereas low consumers’ beliefs were externalized, based on physical appearances. Low consumers were driven by social influences to consume cheap, easily available convenience foods. The conceptual framework differentiated levels of fruit and vegetable consumption between the two groups and provided new information about young men’s motivations for fruit and vegetable consumption.
Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Cause or Consequence? IBD Treatment Targeting the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Khan Israr , Ullah Naeem , Zha Lajia , Bai Yanrui , Khan Ashiq , Zhao Tang , Che Tuanjie , Zhang Chunjiang
Published: August 2019

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic complex inflammatory gut pathological condition, examples of which include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which is associated with significant morbidity. Although the etiology of IBD is unknown, gut microbiota alteration (dysbiosis) is considered a novel factor involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. The gut microbiota acts as a metabolic organ and contributes to human health by performing various physiological functions; deviation in the gut flora composition is involved in various disease pathologies, including IBD. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of gut microbiota alteration in IBD and how this contributes to intestinal inflammation, as well as explore the potential role of gut microbiota-based treatment approaches for the prevention and treatment of IBD. The current literature has clearly demonstrated a perturbation of the gut microbiota in IBD patients and mice colitis models, but a clear causal link of cause and effect has not yet been presented. In addition, gut microbiota-based therapeutic approaches have also shown good evidence of their effects in the amelioration of colitis in animal models (mice) and IBD patients, which indicates that gut flora might be a new promising therapeutic target for the treatment of IBD. However, insufficient data and confusing results from previous studies have led to a failure to define a core microbiome associated with IBD and the hidden mechanism of pathogenesis, which suggests that well-designed randomized control trials and mouse models are required for further research. In addition, a better understanding of this ecosystem will also determine the role of prebiotics and probiotics as therapeutic agents in the management of IBD.
On the Neutron Transition Magnetic Moment
Authors: Berezhiani Zurab , Biondi Riccardo , Kamyshkov Yuri , Varriano Louis
Published: August 2019

We discuss the possibility of the transition magnetic moments (TMM) between the neutron n and its hypothetical sterile twin “mirror neutron” n′ from a parallel particle “mirror” sector. The neutron can be spontaneously converted into mirror neutron via the TMM (in addition to the more conventional transformation channel due to n−n′ mass mixing) interacting with the magnetic field B as well as with mirror magnetic field B′. We derive analytic formulae for the average probability of n−n′ conversion and consider possible experimental manifestations of neutron TMM effects. In particular, we discuss the potential role of these effects in the neutron lifetime measurement experiments leading to new, testable predictions.
Functional Characterization of Physcomitrella patens Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase 9 and an Increase in Seed Oil Content in Arabidopsis by Its Ectopic Expression
Authors: Yang Sun Ui , Kim Juyoung , Kim Hyojin , Suh Mi Chung
Published: August 2019

Since vegetable oils (usually triacylglycerol [TAG]) are extensively used as food and raw materials, an increase in storage oil content and production of valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in transgenic plants is desirable. In this study, a gene encoding glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 9 (GPAT9), which catalyzes the synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from a glycerol-3-phosphate and acyl-CoA, was isolated from Physcomitrella patens, which produces high levels of very-long-chain PUFAs in protonema and gametophores. P. patens GPAT9 shares approximately 50%, 60%, and 70% amino acid similarity with GPAT9 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Klebsormidium nitens, and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. PpGPAT9 transcripts were detected in both the protonema and gametophores. Fluorescent signals from the eYFP:PpGPAT9 construct were observed in the ER of Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells. Ectopic expression of PpGPAT9 increased the seed oil content by approximately 10% in Arabidopsis. The levels of PUFAs (18:2, 18:3, and 20:2) and saturated FAs (16:0, 18:0, and 20:0) increased by 60% and 43%, respectively, in the storage oil of the transgenic seeds when compared with the wild type. The transgenic embryos with increased oil content contained larger embryonic cells than the wild type. Thus, PpGPAT9 may be a novel genetic resource to enhance storage oil yields from oilseed crops.
Modelling the Mechanical and Strain Recovery Behaviour of Partially Crystalline PLA
Authors: Sweeney John , Spencer Paul , Nair Karthik , Coates Phil
Published: August 2019

This is a study of the modelling and prediction of strain recovery in a polylactide. Strain recovery near the glass transition temperature is the underlying mechanism for the shape memory in an amorphous polymer. The investigation is aimed at modelling such shape memory behaviour. A PLA-based copolymer is subjected to stress–strain, stress relaxation and strain recovery experiments at large strain at 60 °C just below its glass transition temperature. The material is 13% crystalline. Using published data on the mechanical properties of the crystals, finite element modelling was used to determine the effect of the crystal phase on the overall mechanical behaviour of the material, which was found to be significant. The finite element models were also used to relate the stress–strain results to the yield stress of the amorphous phase. This yield stress was found to possess strain rate dependence consistent with an Eyring process. Stress relaxation experiments were also interpreted in terms of the Eyring process, and a two-process Eyring-based model was defined that was capable of modelling strain recovery behaviour. This was essentially a model of the amorphous phase. It was shown to be capable of useful predictions of strain recovery.
Animals in the Public Debate: Welfare, Rights, and Conservationism in India
Authors: Berti Daniela
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a survey of the many ways in which people look at and deal with animals in contemporary India. On the basis of ethnographic research and of multiple written sources (judgments, newspapers, websites, legal files, activist pamphlets, etc.), I present some of the actors involved in the animal debate—animal activists, environmental lawyers, judges, and hunter-conservationists—who adopt different, though sometimes interconnected, approaches to animals. Some of them look at animals as victims that need to be rescued and treated in the field, others fight for animals in Parliament or in Court so that they can be entitled to certain rights, others are concerned with the issue of species survival, where the interest of the group prevails on the protection of individual animals. In the context of a predominantly secularist background of the people engaged in such debates, I also examine the role that religion may, in certain cases, play for some of them: whether as a way of constructing a Hindu or Buddhist cultural or political identity, or as a strategic argument in a legal battle in order to obtain public attention. Lastly, I raise the question of the role played by animals themselves in these different situations—as intellectual principles to be fought for (or to be voiced) in their absence, or as real individuals to interact with and whose encounter may produce different kinds of sometimes conflicting emotions.
Crop Monitoring Using Sentinel-1 Data: A Case Study from The Netherlands
Authors: Khabbazan Saeed , Vermunt Paul , Steele-Dunne Susan , Ratering Arntz Lexy , Marinetti Caterina , van der Valk Dirk , Iannini Lorenzo , Molijn Ramses , Westerdijk Kees , van der Sande Corné
Published: August 2019

Agriculture is of huge economic significance in The Netherlands where the provision of real-time, reliable information on crop development is essential to support the transition towards precision agriculture. Optical imagery can provide invaluable insights into crop growth and development but is severely hampered by cloud cover. This case study in the Flevopolder illustrates the potential value of Sentinel-1 for monitoring five key crops in The Netherlands, namely sugar beet, potato, maize, wheat and English rye grass. Time series of radar backscatter from the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1 Mission are analyzed and compared to ground measurements including phenological stage and height. Temporal variations in backscatter data reflect changes in water content and structure associated with phenological development. Emergence and closure dates are estimated from the backscatter time series and validated against a photo archive. Coherence data are compared to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and ground data, illustrating that the sudden increase in coherence is a useful indicator of harvest. The results presented here demonstrate that Sentinel-1 data have significant potential value to monitor growth and development of key Dutch crops. Furthermore, the guaranteed availability of Sentinel-1 imagery in clouded conditions ensures the reliability of data to meet the monitoring needs of farmers, food producers and regulatory bodies.
Feature Selection on Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imagery for Mapping a Landscape Infested by Parthenium Weed
Authors: Kiala Zolo , Mutanga Onisimo , Odindi John , Peerbhay Kabir
Published: August 2019

In the recent past, the volume of spatial datasets has significantly increased. This is attributed to, among other factors, higher sensor temporal resolutions of the recently launched satellites. The increased data, combined with the computation and possible derivation of a large number of indices, may lead to high multi-collinearity and redundant features that compromise the performance of classifiers. Using dimension reduction algorithms, a subset of these features can be selected, hence increasing their predictive potential. In this regard, an investigation into the application of feature selection techniques on multi-temporal multispectral datasets such as Sentinel-2 is valuable in vegetation mapping. In this study, ten feature selection methods belonging to five groups (Similarity-based, statistical-based, Sparse learning based, Information theoretical based, and wrappers methods) were compared based on f-score and data size for mapping a landscape infested by the Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus). Overall, results showed that ReliefF (a Similarity-based approach) was the best performing feature selection method as demonstrated by the high f-score values of Parthenium weed and a small size of optimal features selected. Although svm-b (a wrapper method) yielded the highest accuracies, the size of optimal subset of selected features was quite large. Results also showed that data size affects the performance of feature selection algorithms, except for statistically-based methods such as Gini-index and F-score and svm-b. Findings in this study provide a guidance on the application of feature selection methods for accurate mapping of invasive plant species in general and Parthenium weed, in particular, using new multispectral imagery with high temporal resolution.
A Global Model for Estimating Tropospheric Delay and Weighted Mean Temperature Developed with Atmospheric Reanalysis Data from 1979 to 2017
Authors: Sun Zhangyu , Zhang Bao , Yao Yibin
Published: August 2019

Precise modeling of tropospheric delay and weighted mean temperature (Tm) is critical for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning and meteorology. However, the model data in previous models cover a limited time span, which limits the accuracy of these models. Besides, the vertical variations of tropospheric delay and Tm are not perfectly modeled in previous studies, which affects the performance of height corrections. In this study, we used the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalysis from 1979 to 2017 to build a new empirical model. We first carefully modeled the lapse rates of tropospheric delay and Tm. Then we considered the temporal variations by linear trends, annual, and semi-annual variations and the spatial variations by grids. This new model can provide zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD), zenith wet delay (ZWD), and Tm worldwide with a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°. We used the ECMWF ERA-Interim data and the radiosonde data in 2018 to validate this new model in comparison with the canonical GPT2w model. The results show that the new model has higher accuracies than the GPT2w model in all parameters. Particularly, this new model largely improves the accuracy in estimating ZHD and Tm at high-altitude (relative to the grid point height) regions.
Design of a Self-Audit Tool for the Application of Lockout on Machinery in the Province of Quebec, Canada to Control Hazardous Energies
Authors: Karimi Benyamin , Burlet-Vienney Damien , Chinniah Yuvin , Aucourt Barthelemy
Published: August 2019

Failure to apply lockout procedures for the control of hazardous energies is one of the main causes of machinery-related fatal and serious injuries in North America. The absence of audits of lockout or the lack of proper tools for auditing lockout is prevalent, and thus the application of lockout is often not fully in compliance with standards and regulations. A self-audit tool for the application of lockout procedures for machinery was developed on the basis of the current standards and regulations, and previous research. The tool was then tested for content validity through experts’ opinions and qualitative feedback from six organizations in the province of Quebec in Canada. The developed audit tool defines the actual procedures to audit, as well as the surrounding conditions that are needed and the prerequisites based on standards, regulations, and findings from previous research. The results showed that the tool displayed a high content validity index and demonstrated that the usability, applicability, and comprehensiveness of the tool were adequate. This self-audit tool helps organizations monitor the application of lockout on machinery for the safety of workers and to ensure that the actual practice of controlling hazardous energy is in compliance with relevant standards and regulations.
The Influence of Sociodemographic Variables on Audiovisual Consumption: The Case of Spain
Authors: Araújo Vila Noelia , Fraiz Brea Jose Antonio , Cardoso Lucília
Published: August 2019

Different spectators have distinct patterns of audiovisual product consumption. These patterns may be influenced by a range of factors. In this context, the present study analyzes how audiovisual consumption is influenced by sociodemographic variables. To this end, primary data was collected through a survey with 484 Spanish spectators. The collected data was subjected to a descriptive analysis and a non-parametric Pearson’s chi-square test, in order to establish consumption patterns and potentially link them to demographic variables. Results show that consumption patterns vary according to gender, age, and formal education.
Validation of UWG and ENVI-Met Models in an Abu Dhabi District, Based on Site Measurements
Authors: Bande Lindita , Afshari Afshin , Al Masri Dina , Jha Mukesh , Norford Leslie , Tsoupos Alexandros , Marpu Prashanth , Pasha Yosha , Armstrong Peter
Published: August 2019

The city of Abu Dhabi is growing every year in population, urban extent and energy demand. This research focuses on the application of two simulation programs to estimate changes in urban climate associated with continued development in Abu Dhabi: The Urban Weather Generator (UWG) and ENVI-met. Simulation with these two software packages are validated with the site data measured in downtown Abu Dhabi. A comparison analysis (in the different seasons) between the rural data, the simulation output, and the site measurements shows the variations of the UHI in this Middle Eastern city and the potential of the validated tools. The main aims of this study are: (a) to make a seasonal validation of the UWG for the city of Abu Dhabi (referring to urban-rural available data). The tool was previously validated for a year (no seasonal division) for Abu Dhabi, Toulouse, Basel, Singapore, Rome and Barcelona. The simulations are based on the 2016 version of the Urban Weather Generator. The analysis is separated into three main seasons (instead of the full year): winter, spring, summer. (b) To make a seasonal validation and improve the second tool evaluated in this study, ENVI-met 4.0. The software can simulate urban temperature, humidity and wind speed. Guides are proposed for the enhancement of the accuracy of both estimation procedures. Referring to the results, UWG tends to overestimate the canyon temperature during the summer and has a more realistic estimation on the winter season. ENVI-met has better estimations of temperatures during the summer season compared to UWG. Finally, the UWG weather file contributes a more detailed energy model on a mesoscale model. It considers the seasonal effect and shows the impact of the climate on profiling the UHI phenomena. ENVI-met needs improvement in calculating the anthropogenic heat and in calculation of the mean radiant temperature.
A Framework for Introducing Climate-Change Adaptation in Pavement Management
Authors: Knott Jayne F. , Jacobs Jennifer M. , Sias Jo E. , Kirshen Paul , Dave Eshan V.
Published: August 2019

Greenhouse gas emissions have caused global temperatures to rise since the mid-20th century accompanied by sea-level rise (SLR). Temperature increases and SLR-induced groundwater rise have been shown to cause premature pavement failure in many roadway structures. Hybrid bottom-up/top-down (hybrid) adaptation approaches have shown promise by initially investigating an asset’s response to incremental environmental change and then identifying the timing of critical effects for budgetary planning. This improves practitioners’ understanding of the asset’s climate resiliency and informs adaptation-plan development to minimize both cost and risk. In this study, a hybrid approach to pavement adaptation with climate-change-induced temperature and groundwater rise is demonstrated at a case-study site in coastal New Hampshire. The hot-mix-asphalt (HMA) thickness that achieves a minimum of 85% reliability is calculated for 70 combinations of incremental temperature and groundwater rise. Increasing the base-layer thickness improves resiliency against rising temperatures, but rising groundwater diminishes this improvement demonstrating that both HMA and base-layer thickness increases are needed. Thirteen adaptation pathways are evaluated for pavement performance, life-cycle costs, and road-surface inundation over a 60-year pavement management period. A stepwise and flexible adaptation plan is developed that includes HMA overlays with prescribed thickness and application timing, base-layer rehabilitation options, and re-evaluation opportunities.
Estimation of Natural Radionuclides and Rare Earth Elements Concentration of the Rocks of Abu Khuruq Ring Complex, Egypt
Authors: El-Gamal Hany , El-Haddad Mervat
Published: August 2019

The naturally occurring radionuclides (radium-226, thorium-232, potassium-40 and radon-222) were investigated in the alkaline rocks of Abu Khuruq Ring, southern Eastern Desert, Egypt. A high-resolution germanium detector was used for the detection of 40K, 232Th, and 226Ra (Canberra, GR4020 model) while 222Rn concentration was measured by the Alpha-Guard Saphymo GmbH system, model PQ 2000 (AG). Major and rare earth elements (REEs) were assessed using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry techniques. Positive correlations were observed between REEs, indicating symmetrical chemical properties and their overall presence in the parent material—also, a positive correlation was observed between effective radium content and radon concentrations pointing to the strong linear dependency between both contents in the studied rocks. The average values of activity concentration of 40K, 232Th, 226Ra, and 222Rn were less than the suggested level by a factor of 1.38%, 3.16%, 2.09%, and 1.16%, respectively. Significant variations were found among the radiological hazards parameters, e.g., the mean value of the annual effective dose (0.55 mSv y−1) was more than the global reference value (0.41 mSv y−1) by a factor of 1.34. The calculated average value of the gamma index was 0.90, and that of the alpha index was 0.37. Hex, Hin and Raeq showed fewer average values than the standard values of unity and 370 Bq kg−1, respectively.
Class of Analytic Functions Defined by q-Integral Operator in a Symmetric Region
Authors: Shi Lei , Raza Mohsan , Javed Kashif , Hussain Saqib , Arif Muhammad
Published: August 2019

The aim of the present paper is to introduce a new class of analytic functions by using a q-integral operator in the conic region. It is worth mentioning that these regions are symmetric along the real axis. We find the coefficient estimates, the Fekete–Szegö inequality, the sufficiency criteria, the distortion result, and the Hankel determinant problem for functions in this class. Furthermore, we study the inverse coefficient estimates for functions in this class.
Inhibitory Effects of Antiviral Drug Candidates on Canine Parvovirus in F81 cells
Authors: Zhou Hongzhuan , Su Xia , Lin Lulu , Zhang Jin , Qi Qi , Guo Fangfang , Xu Fuzhou , Yang Bing
Published: August 2019

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a common etiological agent of acute enteritis, which occurs globally in domestic and wild carnivores. Despite the widespread use of inactivated or live attenuated vaccines, the emergence of antigenic variants and the influence of maternal antibodies have raised some concerns regarding the efficacy of commercial vaccines. While no specific antiviral therapy for CPV infection exists, the only treatment option for the infection is supportive therapy based on symptoms. Thus, there is an urgent medical need to develop antiviral therapeutic options to reduce the burden of CPV-related disease. In this study, a cytopathic effect (CPE)-based high-throughput screening assay was used to screen CPV inhibitors from a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library. After two rounds of screening, seven out of 1430 screened drugs were found to have >50% CPE inhibition. Three drugs—Nitazoxanide, Closantel Sodium, and Closantel—with higher anti-CPV effects were further evaluated in F81 cells by absolute PCR quantification and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The inhibitory effects of all three drugs were dose-dependent. Time of addition assay indicated that the drugs inhibited the early processes of the CPV replication cycle, and the inhibition effects were relatively high within 2 h postinfection. Western blot assay also showed that the three drugs had broad-spectrum antiviral activity against different subspecies of three CPV variants. In addition, antiapoptotic effects were observed within 12 h in Nitazoxanide-treated F81 cells regardless of CPV infection, while Closantel Sodium- or Closantel-treated cells had no pro- or antiapoptotic effects. In conclusion, Nitazoxanide, Closantel Sodium, and Closantel can effectively inhibit different subspecies of CPV. Since the safety profiles of FDA-approved drugs have already been extensively studied, these three drugs can potentially become specific and effective anti-CPV drugs.
Isolation and Full-Length Sequence Analysis of a Pestivirus from Aborted Lamb Fetuses in Italy
Authors: Sozzi Enrica , Lavazza Antonio , Gaffuri Alessandra , Bencetti Fabio Carlo , Prosperi Alice , Lelli Davide , Chiapponi Chiara , Moreno Ana
Published: August 2019

Pestiviruses are distributed worldwide and are responsible for a variety of economically important diseases. They are not very host-specific, and thus sheep can be infected by well-known pestiviruses like bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV), as well as by other recently discovered pestivirus species. The aim of this study is to describe the isolation and characterization of four pestivirus strains detected in aborted lamb fetuses from a single farm in the Brescia province (Northern Italy). A total of twelve aborted fetuses were collected and examined. After necropsy, organs were tested for the presence of infectious agents known as potential causes of abortion (Brucella spp., Listeria spp., Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydophila spp., Mycoplasma spp., Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii), and submitted to viral identification by isolation on Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cell culture and by PCR assay for Schmallenberg virus and pan-pestivirus RT-PCR real time assay. Three viral strains (Ovine/IT/1756/2017, Ovine/IT/338710-2/2017, and Ovine/IT/338710-3/2017) were isolated in the absence of cytopathic effects (CPEs) in cell cultures and identified with RT-PCR. Another pestivirus strain (Ovine/IT/16235-2/2018) was detected by PCR, but was not successfully isolated. Complete sequence genomic data of the three isolated viruses showed that they were highly similar, differed genetically from known pestivirus species, and were closely related to classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Beyond the identification of new ovine pestiviruses, this study indicates that a systematic diagnostic approach is important to identify the presence and map the distribution of both known and emerging pestiviruses.
Effects of Ecological Water Conveyance on the Hydrochemistry of a Terminal Lake in an Inland River: A Case Study of Qingtu Lake in the Shiyang River Basin
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhu Guofeng , Ma Huiying , Yang Jianxia , Pan Hanxiong , Guo Huiwen , Wan Qiaozhuo , Yong Leilei
Published: August 2019

Along with the growth of the population and economic and social development, water consumption in the upper-middle reaches of inland rivers is increasing, which has resulted in long-term cutout in the lower reaches of the river, shrinkage and drying up of the wetlands around the terminal lakes, and has caused a series of ecological problems at the same time. In order to protect the fragile ecological environment, comprehensive harnessing projects have been carried out in many inland river basins in China, in which adopting ecological water conveyance to rehabilitate degraded terminal lakes and wetlands is an important means. From June 2014 to October 2017, the water in the upper-middle reaches of the Shiyang River Basin and the lake water of the terminal lake after ecological water conveyance was sampled. The effects of ecological water conveyance on the characteristics of surface water and groundwater were analyzed using, for example, the Piper triangle diagram, Gibbs boomerang envelope model, and mixing diagram. After ecological water conveyance, the ion concentration of water in Qingtu Lake was higher overall, and ion concentration of water in the unstable catchment was higher than that of the stable catchment. The time variation was characterized as high in the summer half year and low in the winter half year. The water of Qingtu Lake is of high and large salinity, and its hydrochemical type is Na–SO4 (Cl), which is obviously different from the water in the middle-upper reaches of the Shiyang River Basin. The effects of silicate weathering and evaporation crystallization are the main factors leading to the high ion concentration in the water of Qingtu Lake. Ecological water conveyance and the strong evaporation of arid areas have intensified the salinization of water and soils in Qingtu Lake. Meanwhile, implementing the ecological water conveyance policy in the terminal lake has also led to shortage of water resources for agricultural irrigation in the middle reaches of the Shiyang River Basin. The serial negative ecological effects of the ecological water conveyance should be emphasized.
Seleção de híbridos de milho brando destinados à alimentação humana
Authors: Paterniani Maria Elisa Ayres Guidetti Zagatto , Rodrigues Cinthia Souza , Rovaris Sara Regina Silvestrin , Gallo Paulo Boller
Published: August 2019

O melhoramento do milho branco visa, além da produtividade de grãos, maior rendimento em canjica. Devido ao processo de obtenção de canjica por via seca ser o mais utilizado, a obtenção de híbridos que apresentem grãos duros é mais desejada, pois esse tipo de grãos tem maior rendimento e qualidade de canjica. O objetivo com este desse trabalho foi avaliar híbridos intervarietais de milho branco e identificar os que apresentarem grãos do tipo duro e alta produtividade de grãos para serem destinados à alimentação humana. Foram avaliados 40 híbridos intervarietais, resultantes do cruzamento de progênies S1derivadas de híbrido comercial com a variedade Murano e duas testemunhas comerciais, IAC 8019 e F2IPR 127. O experimento foi realizado em Mococa/SP, na Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Instituto Agronômico, na safra 2018/2019. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com 3 repetições e parcelas constituídas de 2 linhas de 5 metros, avaliando-se a produtividade de grãos e classificando o tipo de grãos. Foi realizada a análise de variância e o teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade foi utilizado para agrupamento de médias. O efeito dos híbridos intervarietais foi significativo.  Destacaram-se híbridos com elevada produtividade de grãos, mas por serem classificados como dentados foram considerados inadequados para a produção de canjica. Apenas 20 por cento dos híbridos avaliados apresentaram grãos do tipo duro, destacando-se HI 8, HI 29, HI 16, HI 5, HI 38 e HI 35, que obtiveram produtividade de grãos variando de 6589 a 4087 kg.ha-1, com desempenho superior à das testemunhas comerciais. Conclui-se que os híbridos HI 29 e HI 35, por apresentarem alta produtividade e serem classificados como grãos duros, podem ser indicados como cultivares comerciais promissores para alimentação humana.
Calibration of the Plants for Verification of Stopwatchs
Authors: Velychko O. , Shevkun S. , Meshcheriak O. , Dobroliubova M.
Published: August 2019

The method of calibration of plants for verification of stopwatches with the help of the electronic-counting CNT-90 frequency meter is presented. The measurement circuits for verification (calibration) of reference plants for verification (calibration) of stopwatches are given. The device for synchronous start, which is based on the transformation of the motion signal of the moving part of the plant into an electrical signal of direct current using optical sensors, is used in the measuring circuit for calibration plants of mechanical stopwatches, and, the device for synchronous start, which is based on the transformation of the audio signal of an electronic stopwatch into an electrical signal of direct current using microphone, is used in the measuring circuit for calibration plants of electronic stopwatches.
An example of the applying of the CNT-90 electronic frequency counter software is provided, which allows you to calculate the verification and calibration results (rejections the measurements of time and instability indexes) in the automatic mode. The calibration model and uncertainty budget for calibration of stopwatches are presented. The components of Type A and B, in accordance with calibration model are recorded when calculating the combined standard uncertainty in the form of standard uncertainties.
The components of Type B:

standard uncertainty due to the electronic counting frequency meter readings from the nominal value is taken from the calibration certificate of the frequency meter;
standard uncertainty due to the drift of an electron-counting frequency meter since its last calibration;
standard uncertainty due to the discreteness of indications of the plant indicator;
standard uncertainty due to the effect of the device for synchronous start.

The method of verification and calibration of installations for verification (calibration) of stopwatches, which are describe in the article, can be used in scientific metrological institutions, state enterprises, metrological services of state bodies, by enterprises and organizations, conformity assessment bodies of measuring instruments and in any other laboratories which have appropriate equipment and required standards.
The Method of Accurate Determination of Frequencies and Modes of Vibration of the Resonator of the Vibration Frequency Sensor
Authors: Oliynyk O. , Taranenko Y.
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to the development of an accurate method for determining the frequencies and vibration modes of a resonator of a vibration-frequency sensor by applying an exact simplification of the basic equations of resonant oscillations of a resonator taking into account the rigidity (compliance) of the supports and their location. The deviation of the parameters of the geometry of the resonator from the ideal and the heterogeneity of the material of the resonator affect the metrological characteristics of the vibration frequency sensor. However, existing technologies do not provide the possibility of manufacturing resonators with nominal parameters. The existing numerous algorithms for calculating the frequencies and waveforms of resonators are used to estimate the fundamental frequency of an oscillating system that do not take into account the dynamic characteristics. The accuracy of the oscillation frequency of the resonator depends on the choice of the mode of oscillations, which is sometimes difficult to predict in advance.
Practical tasks require performing design work with the required accuracy. The lack of an accurate method for determining the frequencies and modes of vibration of the resonator of the vibration-frequency sensor, which would take into account the type of mounting and location of resistance, designers have to adapt existing approaches and calculation models to specific measurement conditions. Therefore, in practice, simplified and approximate methods of calculation are used. In the presence of concentrated masses and in the case of taking into account energy dissipation in the places where the resonator is fixed, the calculation methods become more laborious. In some cases, the possibility of a mathematical interpretation of a task becomes feasible only if some simplifications are introduced into the calculation.
Mesopic Photometry and Street Lighting
Authors: Nazarenko L. , Kononenko H. , Mozharovska Т. , Chernets V.
Published: August 2019

The article reveals the question of achieving security for people on the streets at night with the help of artificial lighting. The author analyzed the factors affecting traffic safety and the possibility of creating the necessary visual conditions for this by means of street lighting. In addition, the article raised an important question regarding the characteristics of the roadway. It is noted that the modern pavement is not standardized on the lighting characteristics. Knowing the spectral characteristics of the applied light sources, these data could be applied in the development of new types of canvases that would allow achieving a new level of illumination in terms of both improving the quality and its efficiency and economy. Without this, it is impossible to talk about the maximum efficiency of the use of the luminous flux as a whole. For existing lighting systems, the brightness calculation is performed by measuring the illumination and reflectivity of the road surface. The obtained brightness values are entered into the mesopic photometric system in order to determine the parameters of the complete system, which provides equivalent visual perception of the illuminated objects and is intended to replace the existing installation. To determine the required lamp power when replacing existing luminaires, it is recommended to use a mesopic photometric system, which allows you to perform calculations taking into account the S/P ratios. In this regard, it is necessary to thoroughly review the computer programs used in the creation of the lighting project, as well as to ensure active participation in international cooperation in the formation of modern lighting standards.
Velocity Measuring Tool of Projectile in the Barrel: Experimental Research Results of the Valid Layout
Authors: Kriukov O. , Mudrik V.
Published: August 2019

The work is devoted to the consideration of the methodology of experimental research of velocity measuring tool of the projectile in the barrel. The content of individual stages of conducting research is outlined. The research of the optical quality of the reflective coating is carried out. It is shown that the use of reflective paint and envelope in the coating of the front part of the projectile provides an effect of retroreflection, sufficient for the Doppler frequency shift. The influence of the retroreflective coating on the ballistic characteristics of the projectile has been investigated. It is defined that the relative increase of the mass and dimensions of the projectile, wich caused by the planted of the retroreflective coating on its front part, does not exceed, in accordance 0,10% and 0,025% of its output mass and length, therefore, the effect of these projectile parameters is too small and unable to exert a noticeable effect on its ballistic characteristics during of movement in barrel. The velocity projectile curves were carried by experimentally on an valid layout of the measuring tool , and their analysis was carried out. The possibility of using the double differential method of laser Doppler anemometry to measure the velocity of the projectile in barrel has been confirmed. Found that form the experimental curves velocity corresponds to the expected nature of the increase velocity of the projectile in the barrel of velocity measuring tool. The adequacy of the mathematical model of the measurement tool which obtained theoretically is confirmed.
Some Aspects of the Implementation of Hierarchical Schemes and Traceability Chains of Measuring Instruments
Authors: Petryshyn I. , Bas O.
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to the problematic issue of the regulatory framework governing the procedure for transferring units of measurement from the state primary (national) standards to the working facilities of measuring equipment. This concerns the need for further application of existing verification schemes, which have exhausted themselves from the point of view of practical application, since they now concern only the lower link, that is, working measuring instruments to be verified. The authors proposed, in accordance with the current regulatory documents, to supplement the list of documents submitted to the commission when approving new state (national) standards of physical units in terms of including hierarchical schemes. The current DSTU OIML D 5 was also analyzed in detail, in terms of the need to ensure the uncertainty relations between the steps of the hierarchy pyramid. It has been substantiated that there is no need to deliberately degrade the metrological characteristics of the standards in order to maintain the established ratio, since this is an irrational approach. For example, the authors have developed a hierarchical scheme for measuring the volume and volume of gas flow in a gaseous medium at a pressure of up to 1.6 MPa, which is headed by the National (State) primary standard for units of volume and volume flow of gas in a gaseous medium at a pressure of up to 1.6 MPa. As a practical implementation of the hierarchical scheme, the traceability chain of the Pasichna calibration unit has been demonstrated, the calibration procedure of which is carried out using the Reynolds number balancing method.
Features of measuring the brightness of the screens
Authors: Kupko O.
Published: August 2019

The situation with the metrological assurance of brightness measurements in Ukraine is analyzed. The main regulatory documents for the characterization of lux meters are considered. It was noted, that the components of the uncertainty of brightness due to the difference in the spectral composition of radiation, during calibration and measurement, as well as uncertainties due to spatial heterogeneity of the screens, are not fully considered. The characteristic values of these uncertainties are calculated by the method of mathematical modeling, using generally accepted calculation methods. To calculate the spectral errors, the literature data on the spectra of CCFL and LED monitors were used, as well as the modeling of the spectra of blue, green and red radiation sources, using Gaussian distribution with varying widths. It is shown, that for а brightness meter calibrated by а type A source, the use of white screens for measuring the brightness will result in errors, less than 7%. It is shown, that when calibrating the brightness meter using the CCFL screen and then using the LED for the screen, the errors will be about 1%. Simple formulas are given to evaluate the effect of screen heterogeneity. For а refined assessment of the influence of spatial inhomogeneity, mathematical modeling was carried out — 3 types of brightness distribution, were used with decreasing radiation distribution density and two types of viewing area — а circle (imitation of brightness measurement, using а diaphragm) and а Gaussian distribution (imitation of brightness measurement with а lens) equal widths. It is shown, that for the field of sight in the form of а Gaussian distribution, the influence of the inhomogeneity of the distribution of screen illumination, when moving and changing the width of the field of sight is insignificant. Two approaches have been proposed for building the material base for metrological assurance of brightness measurements.
Ensino de Medicina Geral e Familiar no Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina da Universidade da Beira Interior
Authors: Simões José Augusto Rodrigues , Prazeres Filipe , Santiago Luiz Miguel , Castelo-Branco Miguel
Published: August 2019

A educação médica é um processo organizado que leva à aquisição de conhecimentos, atitudes e aptidões para atingir a proficiência. É um processo contínuo e dinâmico em que o atingir de cada objetivo abre a perspetiva de novos objetivos, permitindo estruturar estratégias mais eficientes para a execução de tarefas. No ensino médico, este processo estrutura-se através de um ciclo pré-clínico de estudos em ciências básicas, seguido de um ciclo clínico de formação médica. No fim, o processo de graduação é concluído e a Universidade reconhece a competência para a prática da medicina.O ensino de Medicina Geral e Familiar (MGF) na Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade da Beira Interior remonta ao início do curso de Medicina nesta Universidade em 2001.A MGF está incluída na área científica de Saúde Comunitária, no âmbito dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários (CSP), que foram distribuídos por três unidades curriculares (UC): no segundo (CSP I), quarto (CSP II) e quinto (CSP III) anos com 10 ECTS cada uma 3. Existem ainda três outros momentos de contacto com os CSP. No primeiro ano o estágio observacional em Centro de Saúde de uma semana. No terceiro ano, a iniciar no próximo ano letivo, um estágio pré-clínico de MGF de uma semana e no sexto ano o estágio profissionalizante de quatro semanas em MGF (CSP IV).
Utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) for the molecular classification of progressive breast cancer
Authors: Fernández-Trujillo Liliana , Sebastián Leib Carl , Aguirre-Rojas Marisol , Sua Luz Fernanda
Published: August 2019

Evidencia de la aspiración transbronquial con aguja guiada por ultrasonido endobronquial en malignidad extratorácica es limitada pero emergente. Esta técnica desempeña un papel vital en el diagnóstico de lesiones mediastinales, estadificación y reestadificación del cáncer pulmonar. Se describe su utilidad para la evaluación y la clasificación molecular del cáncer de mama en progresión de siete pacientes. Se puncionaron las estaciones (ganglionares) 7, 11L y 11R. Se desarrollaron bloques celulares, inmunohistoquímica y análisis digital en el 100% de los casos para clasificación molecular.

Este procedimiento requiere una evaluación multidisciplinaria, análisis de imágenes y la evaluación del estado general de la paciente, lo mismo que los riesgos y los beneficios. Adicionalmente, es esencial el trabajo conjunto con un grupo de patología que realice la evaluación rápida en sala (ROSE), para así asegurar la calidad de las muestras y la caracterización molecular.
Neumonitis por docetaxel, discusión de un caso
Authors: Ramírez Juan , Mejía Sergio , Quiroga Alicia
Published: August 2019

La neumonitis intersticial por docetaxel es un evento infrecuente, pero con alto potencial de mortalidad y puede ser potencialmente reversible con el uso de esteroides sistémicos; se considera importante en el diagnóstico diferencial del paciente bajo quimioterapia con síntomas respiratorios. A continuación, se presenta un caso de neumonitis fatal por docetaxel en un paciente con carcinoma de próstata avanzado. Paciente de 80 años de edad con historia de cáncer de próstata de 15 años de evolución, en progresión ósea y ganglionar, y que inició manejo con docetaxel. Después de la aplicación del tercer ciclo presenta disnea de esfuerzos, fiebre, tos seca y deterioro general. Se realizó diagnóstico de neumonitis por docetaxel y se descartaron otras entidades. La neumonitis intersticial por docetaxel es una entidad rara. Los pilares del tratamiento son la suspensión del medicamento, el soporte ventilatorio y el uso de glucocorticoides sistémicos.