bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of Early Childhood Intervention Programs on Obesity Prevention: A comparative study
Authors: Tariq Fatima , Tahir Salman , Gardezi Shahjahan Raza , Sarwar Maryam , Shahbaz Muhammad Nasir , Riaz Arham
Published: October 2024

Background: Childhood obesity is a major global health concern with long-term implications. Early intervention programs (EIPs) have been developed to address this problem, emphasizing nutrition, physical activity, and behavior change. However, the comparative effectiveness of different types of EIPs remains unclear. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of several EIPs to reduce Body Mass Index (BMI), improve dietary habits, and increase physical activity among children 4 to 12 years of age. Methods: This comparative study was conducted in schools and pediatric clinics in Lahore, Pakistan from February 2023 to June 2024. The current study included 550 children diagnosed with obesity who were selected using stratified random sampling. Participants had different types of EIPs including nutrition education, physical activities and behavioral counseling. Data on BMI, dietary habits and physical activity were collected before and after the interventions. SPSS version 27.0 was employed, Paired t tests, ANOVA and logistic regression were used to control for confounding variables, such as age and socioeconomic status. Results: Mean BMI was significantly reduced in all groups and had the largest reductions in programs exceeding 16 weeks (mean reduction of 1.4 units, p<0.001). Change in behavioral included increased fruit and vegetable intake (from 38% to 74%, p < 0.01) and reduced sugary beverage uptake (from 58% to 35%, p < 0.01). Program duration and parental involvement were significant predictors of success. Conclusions: Early intervention programs effectively reduce obesity metrics among children, with longer duration and parental involvement being key factors for success. These findings highlight the need for sustained, comprehensive programs to combat childhood obesity.
A VALORIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO INTERCULTURAL NA ESCOLA MUNICIPAL PROFESSOR WALDIR GARCIA EM MANAUS AMAZONAS – BRASIL
Authors: Abreu Clemência Gomes , Silva José Amauri Siqueira da , Lima Suzana Gusmão
Published: October 2024

Esta pesquisa analisou a valorização da educação intercultural na Escola Municipal  Professor Waldir Garcia, uma instituição pública de Manaus que atendia um número  significativo de alunos imigrantes e refugiados, principalmente da Venezuela e do  Haiti. Com o objetivo de compreender as práticas educativas dessa escola, foi adotado  um percurso metodológico que incluiu pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo.  Aplicou-se um questionário que abordava a importância da educação intercultural em  relação às necessidades dos alunos imigrantes e refugiados. Os resultados indicaram  que a Escola Waldir Garcia aliou educação, resistência e luta por justiça social,  consolidando-se como uma referência internacional em educação intercultural. A  escola promoveu o acolhimento de alunos estrangeiros e ofereceu uma formação  integral que valorizava e respeitava a diversidade cultural. Esse modelo educacional  estava alinhado com as diretrizes do multiculturalismo e reforçava os princípios  democráticos, tornando-se um exemplo de como a educação pode contribuir para a  inclusão e transformação social.
ANÁLISE DE DESEMPENHO DE GERADORES CATERPILLAR EM AMBIENTES COMERCIAIS
Authors:   Edvan Carneiro Almeida, Teles Tharcisio Ribeiro
Published: October 2024

Este artigo avalia o desempenho do gerador Caterpillar C32 no Paraíba Shopping, Teresina-PI, com foco na manutenção preventiva e melhorias operacionais. A pesquisa coletou dados  durante três meses, monitorando tensão, frequência e corrente de carregamento pelo sistema SIS  2.0. Os resultados mostram que a manutenção preventiva preserva o desempenho do gerador,  evitando falhas e garantindo a confiabilidade do sistema em situações críticas. Recomenda-se o  uso de técnicas preditivas e monitoramento remoto para otimizar a operação e reduzir custos.  Como limitação, o estudo se restringe ao Paraíba Shopping, sugerindo a necessidade de investigações futuras em outros contextos e diferentes regimes de carga. Conclui-se que a manutenção  contínua e o monitoramento regular são essenciais para garantir a eficiência e a longevidade dos  sistemas de geração de energia.
AVALIAÇÃO DO CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE GESTORES E DEMAIS FUNCIONÁRIOS NA CLUBE AUTOS
Authors: Baldisera Caio , Freitas Felipe Augusto P. Reis , Ayub Sandra Regina Chalela
Published: October 2024

O projeto integrador do 2º semestre de Gestão Empresarial na empresa Clube Autos teve como objetivo analisar o clima organizacional dentro da empresa. A pesquisa envolveu 22 funcionários, incluindo gestores e demais funcionários. Utilizou-se uma metodologia descritiva, coletando dados por meio de questionários com variáveis qualitativas e quantitativas, utilizando a escala validada de Clima Organizacional. Os resultados apresentados destacam as diferenças entre a percepção dos gestores e dos demais funcionários, embora ambos resultados tenham em geral sido positivos o grau de satisfação resultante da pesquisa mostra grande discrepância entre os cargos, a pesquisa permitiu identificar possíveis problemas e propor estratégias para melhorar o desempenho e satisfação dos funcionários.
FUNDAMENTANDO MEGAMODELOS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Santos Antonio Fernando Cruz
Published: October 2024

One approach that has gained strength in recent years in software engineering is the ModelDriven Engineering (MDE). The MDE is the most conceptual approach when working with models, and the MDA as putting in place the MDE. The MDE modeling paradigms can be used in simple designs with the use of models, but when working with relations between the models is the so-called megamodel. In other words, megamodel is a template that contains models and relationships between them. The objective of this study is to describe the results of a systematic review, whose objective was to know the state of the art megamodel and verify their use and the contexts in which they are applied. The results show that all selected works use megamodel in different contexts, but there is no consensus about its definition or nomenclature.
A USUCAPIÃO EXTRAJUDICIAL NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO: ALTERNATIVA PARA SOLUÇÃO DE LITÍGIOS
Authors:   Wellington Martins da Silva, Coelho Geone Marques
Published: October 2024

This paper refers to scientific production that has as its theme extrajudicial usucaption and specifically addresses extrajudicial usucaption in light of the Brazilian legal system. Its main objective is to study extrajudicial usucaption as a form of original acquisition of real estate. Its objective is to demonstrate the dejudicialization of the process and, consequently, provide protection, relieving the burden on Brazilian courts, allowing the process to be expedited, which is much more effective than the judicial one, when analyzing the time factor. It is correct to state that extrajudicial usucaption has a greater advantage because it is permeated by less bureaucracy and it is possible to do it without the traditional route, which is the judicial one and, therefore, based on the reduction of bureaucracy, through the registration of real estate. The extrajudiciality process emerges in the Brazilian legal scenario as an alternative to resolve part of the delay in the Judiciary, existing due to the large number of lawsuits. Therefore, the use of the extrajudicial option gives the Judiciary conditions to deal with the issues that effectively justify its action. The general objective of this study is to identify the function of extrajudicial usucaption in Brazil and its socioeconomic impacts. The methodology used was a qualitative bibliographic review, using a deductive method, with a monographic approach and exploratory research.
PROPOSTA DE ELETROPOSTOS MODULARES PARA CARROS ELÉTRICOS ABASTECIDOS POR ENERGIA SOLAR
Authors: Gonzaga Gabriella Garcia , Pedroso Thiago , Santos Philipe do Prado
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the growing demand for electric vehicles has intensified the need for adequate infrastructure for their charging. Charging stations, dedicated to supplying energy to these vehicles, play a crucial role in the transition to sustainable urban mobility. This study proposes the development of modular charging stations powered by solar energy, focusing on solutions that favor sustainability and efficiency. The primary objective is to create systems that integrate photovoltaic technology, promoting the use of clean energy and contributing to the reduction of air pollution. The research evaluates the viability of on-grid and off-grid systems, aiming to optimize the efficiency of solar panels and reduce operational costs. Factors such as ideal location, shading prevention, and the environmental impacts of electric mobility are analyzed. Additionally, existing charging station examples are examined to identify best practices and innovations in urban design. The methodology includes exploratory and bibliographic research, utilizing case studies and literature reviews to support the proposal. As a result, the study culminates in a sustainable modular charging station proposal that is adaptable to different locations, promoting more efficient and eco-friendly mobility.
EFEITO DO TREINO DE DUPLA TAREFA NA MARCHA CONGELANTE EM IDOSOS COMDOENÇADEPARKINSON:UMAREVISÃOINTEGRATIVA.1
Authors: Ferrais Jhady Garcia Mello Lima , Martins Jordy Christian Alves , Blascovich Hellyangela Bertalha
Published: October 2024

One of the most debilitating symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is freezing of gait (FoG), which significantly impacts the quality of life of elderly individuals. Dual-task training, which involves performing a motor task and a cognitive task simultaneously, has been explored as an effective intervention to improve these symptoms. This method is used in Parkinson’s patients because they often have difficulties performing multiple tasks at the same time. Dual- task training helps improve coordination and functionality by challenging both motor and cognitive systems, which can reduce the risk of falls and increase mobility. This study aimed to conduct a literature review to assess the effects of dual-task training on freezing of gait in elderly patients with Parkinson’s disease. It is an integrative review guided by the question, “What are the effects of dual-task training on freezing of gait in elderly patients with Parkinson’s disease?”. Searches were conducted in 2023/2024 using the Virtual Health Library (BVS), Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Articles published between 2019 and 2024 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, addressing elderly individuals of both genders diagnosed with Parkinson’s and freezing of gait, and employing dual-task (DT) training, regardless of whether or not it was combined with other therapies, were included. Incomplete studies, review articles, conference proceedings, and studies without a proper description of the DT methodology were excluded. A total of 8 randomized clinical trials were selected, resulting in an analysis of the therapeutic effects on these patients’ gait. The reviewed studies indicated that dual-task training showed significant improvements in gait and balance in Parkinson’s patients, reducing the severity of freezing of gait. It is concluded that dual-task training is a promising intervention to improve gait and reduce FoG in elderly patients with Parkinson’s, highlighting the importance of multidimensional and personalized interventions for effective FoG management.
TOXOPLASMOSE FELINA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Melo Elisa Machado , Santos Ester Honório dos , Belmiro Isabela Santos , Müller Juliana Gomes
Published: October 2024

A toxoplasmose é causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii, transmitida principalmente pela ingestão de carnes cruas e pela falta de higienização dos ambientes onde os felinos vivem, os felídeos são os hospedeiros definitivos do T. gondii, disseminando os oócitos. O ciclo do T. gondii envolve três estágios infecciosos: esporozoítos, taquizoítos e bradizoítos. Os sinais clínicos podem variar de assintomáticos a graves. O presente trabalho objetiva elucidar os aspectos da toxoplasmose felina, uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii, que afeta a maioria dos mamíferos e possui uma distribuição cosmopolita. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi conduzida por meio de uma revisão de literatura descritiva e qualitativa. O estudo conclui que a profilaxia e o diagnóstico precoce são fundamentais para o controle efetivo da toxoplasmose felina, além de ressaltar a necessidade de novas pesquisas para aprimorar as estratégias de tratamento e prevenção.
PROVA DA CONDIÇÃO DE SEGURADO ESPECIAL PARA ACESSO À APOSENTADORIA RURAL: DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS NO CONTEXTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO
Authors:   Domerito Aparecido da Silva, Abreu Junior Felix de
Published: October 2024

The present study aims to analyze the challenges and perspectives related to proving the condition of special insured status for access to rural retirement in Brazil. The study investigates the obstacles faced by rural workers in producing such proof, identifying the main associated judicial demands. Specifically, it seeks to understand the requirements for the granting of rural retirement in Brazilian law, identify the main challenges for proving rural worker status in both administrative and judicial contexts, and analyze judicial decisions and official documents to observe how the courts have addressed the issue. It was found that the absence of formal records, such as workbooks or contracts, is a factor that contributes to legal uncertainty and the denial of rights to these workers. Judicial decisions have played a fundamental role by adopting a more flexible stance in accepting testimonial evidence and alternative documents, aiming to ensure that rural workers are not penalized for the lack of formal documentation. However, there are still significant gaps between legislation and the reality faced by these workers, highlighting the need for more inclusive public policies to ensure full access to social security rights.
Artificial intelligence powered OCR models for digitizing ayurveda manuscripts
Authors: Jayaraj Haritha T , Sourav KT , Resmi B
Published: October 2024

This article presents a novel approach to transcribe Ayurveda manuscripts using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology enhanced with machine learning and forensic handwriting analysis techniques. Traditional transcription methods for these manuscripts are time-consuming and challenging due to diverse scripts and handwriting styles. The proposed methodology involves collecting manuscript samples from various sources and training OCR models to recognize the nuances of these scripts. By incorporating forensic handwriting principles, such as consistency and natural variation, the OCR models achieve greater accuracy.
Additionally, the development of user-friendly interfaces allows scholars to train these models without needing technical expertise, streamlining the digitization process. Preliminary results show that this approach significantly improves transcription accuracy compared to conventional OCR software. This method offers a scalable solution for digitizing Ayurveda texts, preserving cultural heritage, and accelerating research in Ayurveda medicine. Future research will focus on refining OCR models and expanding their application to other scripts and languages.
An insight into understanding ancient perspectives of respiratory health
Authors: Wariyar Gouri M , Kumar Arhanth , Vidyalakshmi K
Published: October 2024

This article explores the historical evolution of respiratory diseases highlighting its references in early Vedic texts such as the Rigveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda & Upanishads, offering insights into ancient understandings of respiratory diseases. It also delves into Ayurvedic treatments and practices detailed in classical texts like Veerasimhavalokana in relation to respiratory disease . Additionally, it covers traditional healing practices including Vedic mantras and their impact on human health. The narrative extends to folklore with the story of Ondine’s Curse, which inspired the term for central hypoventilation syndrome. By synthesizing these historical sources and practices, it underscores the depth of ancient knowledge in managing respiratory health and its influence on contemporary respiratory therapy.
Atulyagotreeya Vivaha: A scientific review and case series on non-consanguineous marriage
Authors: Divakaran Devika Srinivasan , Rachana HV
Published: October 2024

Atulya Gotra Vivaha (non-consanguineous marriages), emphasized in Ayurveda and supported by modern genetics, plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of congenital anomalies and genetic disorders. Ancient Ayurvedic texts, such as Acharya Charaka’s Atulyagotreeya Sharira Adhyaya, advocate marrying outside one's Gotra to prevent the inheritance of faulty genes and ensure healthier progeny. Modern science also confirms that consanguineous marriages increase the risk of autosomal recessive disorders like mental retardation and congenital anomalies. Despite these insights, cultural norms, ignorance, and lack of awareness drive individuals, especially in less-educated communities, to practice consanguineous marriages, risking the life and health of future generations. This review highlights the need for awareness and education regarding the risks of such unions. Promoting Atulya Gotra marriages can help reduce the burden of genetic disorders and protect every child's life, which is invaluable to the well-being of society.
Ancient Mythology in “La Princesse Maleine” by Maurice Maeterlinck: Intertextual Analysis
Authors: Dmytro Chystiak  , Bujar Tafa  , Jeton Kelmendi  , Morve Roshan K.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the reconstitution of the mythological worldview of the well-known European Symbolist writer Maurice Maeterlinck based on his famous drama ‘Princess Maleine’ that made a great impact on the development of the ‘new drama’ in the end of the 19th century. This analysis is performed in the context of the study of the symbolist semiotic system in French-speaking tradition. The lingua-poetic and mythopoeic intertextual analysis done, we have found that the mythological model in the play is functioning with a large system of mythological structures and semantic patterns. The locus of ‘Princess Maleine’ is marked as Hades World and its inhabitants are connoting the mythical concept BAD LUCK. Only two actors, the protagonists Maleine and Hjalmar are connoted not only by the morbid semantics but also as the correlates of the astral world. Their death in Hades makes possible the eschatological catastrophe leading to the neutralization of the killers whereas the infernal semantics is neutralized and the cosmos tends to the restoring of harmony symbolized by the coming of the new day and of the new year. Besides, the protagonists are considered to be the sacred sacrifice to change the semantics of the mythological concept BAD LUCK to the harmonized GOOD LUCK. Three mythological models are reconstructed: LIFE with positive connotation, LIFE with negative connotation and DEATH with positive connotation. The projection of the play is modeled by the movement from the positively and negatively connoted concept LIFE to the positively connoted concept DEATH that is a distinctive sign of Symbolist conception of ‘tragic optimism’ developed by Maeterlinck.
Communicative Practices and Cultural Challenges in Kurikulum Merdeka: The District Teachers’ Voice
Authors: Muji Budi Lestari  , Dahrul Ahmad Ahyarudin  , Risa Feriyanti  , Pahlan Tanjung  , Lela Awaliyah  , Rihatmi  , Margana
Published: October 2024

Kurikulum Merdeka, implemented across schools in Indonesia, emphasizes the development of students' communicative competence through a more flexible and contextual approach. However, its implementation faces significant challenges, particularly due to cultural differences across regions. This study aims to explore the cultural challenges faced by district teachers and to what extend fostering students' communicative practices in line with the new curriculum demands. It includes 50 English teachers from the Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) Bahasa Inggris kabupaten Gowa, or English Teachers Assembly of Gowa District, representing diverse backgrounds and experiences. Data collection included surveys (n=50) using a Likert scale questionnaire and semi-structured interviews (n=6) constructed according to Han (2022) and Lei & Medwell (2022).
The study reveals communicative practices show moderate implementation with meaningful communicative practices (mean=3.37), humanistic values and learner autonomy (mean=3.66), and cooperative learning (mean=3.48). The highest approval is in adopting a task-based approach (mean=4.00). Cultural challenges in contextual alignment is strongly emphasized (mean=4.18), highlighting the importance of aligning educational practices with local contexts. Recommendations include targeted professional development, promoting collaborative learning, establishing clear assessment frameworks, leveraging technology for resource sharing, and strengthening local community partnerships.
Beyond the Hype: A Systems Approach to Productivity
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This article provides a practitioner-oriented examination of productivity from a systems perspective, challenging predominant views that blame low outputs solely on individual workers. It argues sustainable gains stem from optimizing processes, workflows and contextual supports—not micromanaging people. Five guiding principles are outlined for cultivating enabling systems through value stream mapping, cross-functional collaboration, participatory problem-solving, modular flexible designs and selective technology use. Four case studies from healthcare, manufacturing, retail and professional services then illustrate real-world applications of these principles resulting in meaningful productivity improvements across key performance indicators. The article concludes by positioning this evidence-based, systems-centric approach as a paradigm shift beyond traditional conceptualizations of productivity. It maintains this enlightened perspective can uplift organizations globally by empowering environments calibrated to both business needs and human potential. Overall, the brief aims to further a more nuanced, solutions-focused discussion of cultivating environments where work truly elevates individuals, organizations and societies.
Enforcing Software and AI as Medical Devices: Expert Witness Insights on Civil Lawsuits, Regulation, and Legal Liability Pathways
Authors: Wagner Rudolf
Published: October 2024

As an expert witness to German courts (Landgerichte, Oberlandesgerichte) and federal courts for Medical Devices and IVDs the number of expert statements has constantly increased, especially for Software and AI in Healthcare and focusing on their Medical Device classification. The paper also examines how competition and insurers may respond to claims arising from the use of improper classified software, artificial intelligence including Large Language Models (LLMs) with denial of coverage, increased premiums, and subrogation actions against hospitals or AI developers. Regulatory challenges are discussed in light of Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) frameworks, highlighting the effective and valid regulations to classify the risk of Software and AI when used in Healthcare, which are enforced today although the dynamic and evolving nature of AI systems. This paper concludes the used regulatory and legal pathways used in cases with expert witness statements between competitors or by competitors to file a lawsuit against a competitor with incorrect classification based on experience and draws the parallels to the US FDA regulation. Beyond it demonstrates that authority driven enforcement of existing regulation is transferred to courts acting on behalf of the authority driven by compliant legal manufacturers.
Code Switching in Teaching English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Wahhab Ahmed Abdula
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the issue of English-Arabic-switching in the university classroom and how the use of alternative codes might serve the learning and teaching processes. The first part of this research talks about the definition of code switching which depends on different types of systematic methods, and about code switching and code mixing and how to mix between English and Arabic inside the classroom. The second part of the research talks about what are the disadvantages and benefits of using Arabic in the classroom and how to deal with it.
An Investigation of Students’ Perspectives on the Application of Chat GPT as an Academic Tool: A Case Study at HIUC
Authors: Hussein Ahmed Ali , Dhari Saad Sameer
Published: October 2024

This research dedicates to investigate students' perspectives on the application of ChatGPT as an educational tool. This investigation employs a quantitative methodology using a descriptive study design. The research was conducted on a representative sample of 100 undergraduate students registered at HIUC. This sample included 50 female students and 50 male students. The findings derived from the descriptive statistics analysis suggest a significant degree of favorable disposition towards using ChatGPT as an educational instrument. The present study proposed instructions to promote the adoption of the ChatGPT model among instructors in Iraqi universities.
Comparison between the models of potential storage and simulation of the demand for electricity transformer (400/11) in Diyala General Company
Authors: Alwan Azhar Hussein , Hammadi Abdul Moneim Kazem , Al-Shimmari Ali Jabbar
Published: October 2024

Storage models are usually used to determine the optimal order quantity and reorder point by obtaining the lowest total cost of storage to balance the amount of production and the amount of demand for materials, but sometimes these models can not be applied, so the use of simulation is resorted to where accurate and flexible results can be relied upon, to achieve the goal of the study, which is to improve the company's storage system. This research dealt with two cases of the probabilistic storage model, where the first model was applied to the monthly demand data on one of the products of Diyala General Company, which is the distribution transformer (400|11) for the years 2019,2020,2021. The second is the probabilistic storage model by simulating demand and comparing the two models, whichever is better to reach optimal. Where the distribution of demand was found to find the average and standard deviation and apply the model to obtain the indicators of the models. Using the MATLAB program, the statistical analysis of the data was carried out and the indicators of the model were obtained.
A Comparative Study of Postwar Literature (Iranian Defense and Vietnam’s War) a Komunyakaa’s and Aminpour’s Poems
Authors: Yahya Amani Akram , Pishkar Kian , Dakhil Taif Abdulhussein , Nasery Nooshin
Published: October 2024

The comparative study tries to find the common points in two different authors’ works and in this kind of studying so many other common but the hidden points may be revealed. Postwar literature is somehow one of the best literary genres for finding the common factors and features that the poets have tried to present in their works elements such as desire to be winner, cruelty, inhumanity, and absurdity of the war.  The Iranian poet late Qaisar Aminpour(1961-2007)  and Yusef Komunyakaa ( 1947) from  Bogalusa, Louisiana, are among the great American and Iranian  poets whose works so many times have been  interpreted and analyzed. The finding the outstanding and the most important points and themes in the postwar poems of these two poets is the main aim of this literary comparative study.
The Pronunciation Problems Encounter EFL Learners in Spoken English at University
Authors: Hameed Raad Ali
Published: October 2024

This research examines the pronunciation difficulties of EFL undergraduate learners at universities when pronouncing English phonemes. It collects data using recorded speech samples, pronunciation tests and questionnaires as part of a research method for collecting data. The instruments used for this study are collecting data and analyzing them. The test materials are prepared in speech levels. Therefore, the observations of these were based on auditory impressions. The results suggest that the participants had a pronunciation challenge with the phonemes in English. This research gives insights and supports ESL teachers in developing teaching techniques that will lessen or eliminate future issues with Arabic speakers' pronunciation of English phonemes.
Style of Technical Language: Oil and Gas Discourse
Authors: Abdullah Akthem Abdulhussein
Published: October 2024

The present paper discusses the style and characteristics of technical language generally and oil and gas discourse particularly and shows the differences between technical and scientific language. The paper starts with providing an overview on technical language and the historical emergence. Then, it shows the difference between technical and scientific language because scads of people think they are the same, which is not the case. The paper proceeds to discuss the style and characteristics of technical language giving examples [along with the Arabic proposed translation] about each characteristic for further clarification, and it moves to discuss oil and gas language showing how this discipline is versatile and interdisciplinary. Finally, the paper recapitulates the characteristics of oil and gas discourse and provides examples [along with the Arabic proposed translations] about each. This paper might be of great benefit for specialist and non-specialist individuals who use technical language, including academics, engineers, technicians, linguists, translators and many more, as it helps to improve understanding of technical texts [which is beneficial for translators] and advance the writing skills of specialist individuals.
The Art of Negotiation
Authors: Mohammed Rabeh
Published: October 2024

This research sheds light on the art of negotiation, what it is? its importance, objectives and types , and its impact on society and governmental and  non-governmental institutions to resolve  problems and disputes that occur between conflicting parties . It is credited with resolving social and tribal conflicts and trying to instill confidence between the negotiation has a role in international relation by solving problems. Resolving and setting political disputes. The research reached some conclusions and asset of recommendations to activate the role of this type of art, which is the art of negotiation.
Sustainable Human Development In The light of Training and Total Quality (TQ)/ Study area (General Company for Hydraulic Industries) One of the Technological Incubators
Authors: Ali Amna Hussain Sabree , Al-Shimmari Ali Jabbar
Published: October 2024

This research aims to achieve sustainable human development through training and Total Quality (TQ) in Technological Business Incubators (General Company for Hydraulic Industries), to provide small and medium enterprises with effective human resources. The research targeted the intermediate levels represented by workers responsible for translating strategic decisions and strategic management of human resources by making decisions related to developing and empowering workers and building the necessary and effective capabilities. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach due to its suitability to the objectives of the study and using the SPSS program to extract the results for the purpose of analyzing them. Thus, the study reached many results, the most important of which is the presence of a significant positive effect between the research variables. The results of the correlation relationships between the training variable and TQ reached 97%, and that the technological incubator provides a set of services in human resource development through training and TQ in its human dimension and leads to improving overall performance, developing workers and continuous work with a future vision and comprehensive sustainable development. It recommended laying the necessary foundations for applying the basic principles of justice and social responsibility necessary for development and investment of effective human capital to achieve sustainable human development
An Analytical Study of Administrative Communication Means Related to Organizational Performance Quality among Secondary School Principals in Al-Karkh, Baghdad
Authors: Farhan Waad Abdul Raheem , Salih Mohammed Mahmood
Published: October 2024

Community understanding requires the exchange of understanding and understanding on the subject of reaching the goal, and this requires both parties of communication who achieve a common understanding, especially in administrative work, which is an essential function in creating a common understanding among workers in programming the work to be implemented. Therefore, the study aimed to study the reality of administrative communications related to the quality of institutional performance. Administrators of some faculties and departments of physical education and sports sciences have chosen, and in order to do this, the descriptive approach was chosen using a survey method as a way to solve the problem and the use of a random sample of secondary school principals in Baghdad Al-Karkh, numbering (532) principals, in addition to the use of several methods and tests that contributed to the implementation of the research procedures, including the use of scale. The quality of institutional performance and means of communication. After conducting statistical treatments and analyzing and discussing the results, several conclusions were reached, including that there is a deficiency in institutional performance, especially in the field of available relationships and human capital. As for the recommendations, the most important of them was to conduct a review in the use of communications related to the technological aspect of implementing community service.
The role of the International Criminal Court in criminalizing Israeli attacks on the Palestinian people
Authors: Al-Hassani Hamed Hamid Kazem
Published: October 2024

The International Criminal Court, which is governed by the Rome Statute, is the first permanent court established on the basis of a treaty established to hold accountable the perpetrators of the most serious crimes at the global level, such as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. On July 17, 1998, the work of the Diplomatic Conference on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court concluded with the approval of the adoption of the Statute of  the Court. The International Criminal Court is a permanent and independent institution and is not considered one of the sections of the United Nations. The Statute clarifies that the main task of prosecuting and punishing the perpetrators of crimes lies with States parties, and the Court complements those efforts. The Court is considered the focal point for the application of the international criminal justice system, to include national courts, international courts and courts that include national and international elements. The increase in the intensity of international conflicts and wars in many parts of the world has had an impact on the increase in the commission of war crimes against civilians and the high rates of human rights violations, in the absence of an appropriate mechanism adopted by the international community to reduce these violations and punish and prosecute those who are behind them, whether they are individuals, states, organizations or governments.
Terrorism in International Law
Authors: Muhebes Ahmad Kazem
Published: October 2024

Numerous countries around the world have made exceptional efforts to combat terrorism. Many of these efforts have been undertaken individually and outside the scope of the United Nations, despite its charter designating it as the authority responsible for addressing issues of international peace and security through the Security Council.Describing these efforts, they represent the endeavors of states directly affected by terrorism. However, this does not imply that the United Nations, as the institution under which the international community operates, has been distant from this highly significant matter. On the contrary, the diplomatic history of the issue of terrorism found its primary arena within the United Nations. Legal discussions began within the framework of UN bodies and agencies. Mechanisms ensuring the international community's response to combating terrorism were appropriately developed within UN agencies. Additionally, the executive mechanisms can be found in the organization's efforts. Moreover, the international legal confrontation of terrorism was fundamentally organized through the United Nations. Reports, resolutions, treaty formulations, and conferences were significantly conducted within the premises of the international organization. The United Nations also served as the primary sponsor of other international conferences closely examining issues directly related to international terrorism, attempting to blend statements and recommendations in a manner consistent with the accepted concept of terrorism, achieving widely acceptable results among all member states. Regarding individual state activities, efforts to combat terrorism legally and materially vary according to the interests of those states and their concept of terrorism, which often does not align with the concept upheld by other countries. Therefore, this study will explore the concept of terrorism in the first section, address the legal obstacles to combating terrorism in the second section, and finally, discuss the international efforts to confront it in the third section.
The Role of Algerian Courts in Reducing Drug Crimes
Authors: Hakim Boujani Abdel , Suriya Gharbi , Qadir Bakho Abdul
Published: October 2024

Drug crimes are a major challenge facing many countries in the world, and Algeria is one of the countries that face this phenomenon with all challenge and seriousness. In this context, Algerian courts play a vital and crucial role in trying to reduce those crimes and provide justice for those involved. Courts are an essential component of the Algerian justice system, applying laws and legal standards to ensure justice and integrity in society. The analysis of the role of Algerian courts in combating drug crimes comes within a broad framework of challenges faced by the country in this area. Drug crimes are crimes that have a significant negative impact on public security and social stability, and require a firm and effective response. Therefore, understanding the role of Algerian courts in this context is vital to assess the effectiveness of the efforts made and to identify points that can be improved. This research is based on a careful analysis of the role of the Algerian courts in combating drug crimes, focusing on several important aspects, including: how to apply the relevant laws, ensure the rights of the accused and those affected, the effectiveness of the penalties imposed on those involved, in addition to international cooperation in this regard. Drawing on this analysis, we can understand more deeply how the Algerian courts' role in combating drug crimes has affected, what challenges they may face in achieving their goals, and how to improve efforts to promote justice and security in society. Therefore, we pose the following problem: How did the Algerian judiciary address the phenomenon of drugs and what mechanisms did it adopt to reduce this dangerous scourge?
National sovereignty in light of international intervention
Authors: Ali Saleh Hussein , Al-Khuzaie Salah
Published: October 2024

The Charter of the United Nations prohibits the use of force and stipulates two principles in international relations, namely the sovereignty of States and non-interference in the internal affairs of States. Intervention is illegal. In fact, the principle of non-intervention poses problems, especially when it comes to human rights, intervention in order to spread or protect democracy, intervention to confront the spread of weapons of mass destruction and international terrorism, or in order to change political regimes or liberate peoples and others. Accordingly, the sovereignty of states under international intervention is threatened by a number of dangers, and it is feared for the future of national sovereignty, especially after being overruled by the international institutions that sponsor international legitimacy. Sovereignty is the legal basis of the state, which by violating it, the role of the nation-state dissolves, and national loyalty to other concepts is affected, as well as its inability to control its economic resources and the decline of social justice.
Peaceful Methods of Resolving International Disputes
Authors: Hammadi Talal Jassim
Published: October 2024

International disputes that have not reached permanent solutions lead to serious dangers that threaten international peace and security. International law has stipulated ways to resolve these international disputes by political or judicial means, such as resorting to justice or international arbitration to settle them between the disputing parties. The Charter of the United Nations, under Chapter VI, has defined multiple settlement methods.
Compensation as an Effect of International Liability in International Law
Authors: Hammadi Talal Jassim
Published: October 2024

The incident establishing international responsibility has a legal obligation for persons of international law that includes States and international organizations, and international responsibility arises only when the violation is against the person of international law, where the responsibility is attributed to the international person because the internationally wrongful acts are from the legal system applied between States and organizations and not others, and they have the right to repair the damage resulting from those prohibited acts.
The legal organization of the crime of child begging in light of Iraqi legislation
Authors: Nazzal Kazem Abdullah
Published: October 2024

The crime of begging is spreading rapidly in most societies, especially in developing countries, where this crime has become a negative and dangerous impact on the social, economic and cultural levels. The reasons associated with this crime are many and varied, some of which may be due to the individual himself, in addition to the factors that affect society. Accordingly, our study deals with the topic of "the legal organization of the crime of child begging in the light of Iraqi and comparative legislation", especially since the category of children is characterized by its special and vulnerable nature, in addition to the fact that the impact of this crime is increasing in seriousness in light of modern technological and technological developments. In light of these challenges and in view of the importance of the child who enjoys protection and care in the majority of societies, many positive legislations have resorted to working to draw a legal structure that suits the special nature of the child "juvenile", by deciding reform measures that suit each juvenile individually and according to his circumstances and personality, which was followed by Iraqi legislation. The study raises the problem of combating begging crimes committed by children, because it deals with many legal, social and psychological aspects, in addition to preventive and precautionary measures, as well as demonstrating the ability of Iraqi legislation to confront. Our study was divided into two topics; we dealt in the first with the crime of child begging, and in the second we dealt with the elements of the crime of child begging and its penalties.
The Role of Governance in Strengthening of the Constitutional Judiciary
Authors: Hussein Mukhlis Mahmoud , Abbas Hussain Khudhair
Published: October 2024

This research article aims to identify the governance of the judiciary in various aspects (transparency, rule of law, participation, accountability, justice, and equality) and its impact on the development of constitutional judicial powers. To centralize the authority and achieve judicial goals within the state, reforms must be implemented. The concept of judicial governance was previously nonexistent, with some viewing judicial power as separate entities performing their duties independently. However, due to developments that the world has witnessed, the responsibilities of the constitutional judiciary have increased, leading to the adoption and application of governance principles. This can only be achieved through promoting the concept of governance and implementing its principles in all state institutions, particularly those of a constitutional nature. This includes reforming the institutional structure to recover the powers to the judiciary, which serves as the arbiter, separator, and balancer among all branches of government.
Rationale for Terrorism Offences: Comparative study with the provisions of Islamic Sharia
Authors: Al-Issa Talal , Al-Shamayleh Ghaleb , Al-Muaini Abdullatif
Published: October 2024

The research deals with the study of the motivating reasons for the commission of terrorism crimes, both at the national, regional and international levels, with a comparative study with the provisions of the Islamic Sharia on this crime. The research showed that there are political, economic, social, intellectual and other reasons that lead to the commission of these crimes and even increase their spread at the level of the state, the region and across the world. The study relied on the descriptive, analytical and comparative approach to reach the desired goal of preparing this research. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which is that the disintegration and lack of cohesion of society may be one of the important reasons for the occurrence of international terrorist crimes. The study also proposed a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to work from international and regional bodies to prevent and combat the causes of the occurrence of international terrorist crime.
Crimes against Palestinian Civilians Under Zionist Occupation
Authors: Hammoud Bassem Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Throughout its long history, humanity has coexisted with conflicts, power, influence, policies of violence and distress, bloodbaths, massacres, racial calamities and famines. Its present and future visions are still subject to horrors, hardships and tragedies. International humanitarian law has come to express these values in legal language that imposes the obligation on the States parties that make up these agreements. The basic rules and principles of this law have become a set of values accepted by the entire international community and to know that the civilian population is the first to be exposed in most cases to acts of aggression and violence. In different parts of the world, we are witnessing the process of ethnic cleansing, mass killings and atrocities committed against civilians and destroying their homes and property. This is what prompted the researcher to choose his research ( crimes committed against Palestinian civilians under the Zionist occupation) to answer many questions, including knowing who are civilians through the concept of crimes against civilians. The international trend of retaliation against civilians was rejected during the military operations. In the UN General Assembly resolution adopted in 1970, it is not permissible to retaliate against the civilian population, whether they are a group or individuals in armed conflicts. Civilians, in particular, within the framework of international humanitarian law, which is a newly established law that includes a set of international legal rules targeting situations of armed conflict and the protection of civilians suffering from the scourge of this conflict , and the subsequent military occupation. The rules of international humanitarian law are characterized by moral highness, as they codify the rules of morality that must prevail during armed conflict and military occupation