bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cause Analysis of Rainy Fog and Radiation Fog in Chongqing
Authors: Han Yu , Liu De , Wang Huan , Min Fan Hua
Published: November 2012

With the NCEP reanalysis data and L-band radar data to analyze the circulation situation and the vertical structure of temperature, humidity and wind speed of radiation fog and rainy fog in Chongqing by compositely analysis method. The result shows that: When radiation fog takes place, the 500hPa areas of Central Asia and Qinghai-Tibet plateau become high pressure ridge, and the cold front have reached the South China. When rainy fog takes place, the 500hPa area of Qinghai-Tibet plateau is controlled by the low pressure trough and the center of ground cold anticyclone will be in the northern area of China. Temperature inversion in the surface layer is obviously stronger when it’s radiation fog than rainy fog; And the moisture vertical structure are reflected as being dry in the upper layer, being moist in the lower layer when radiation fog occurs, and the moisture layer being deep and thick when rainy fog takes place. However in regard to wind speed, it’s slow in the surface layer during the formation of each fog.
The New Rural Green Residential Energy Conservation Mode Design -Energy-Saving Articles
Authors: Hu Qiu Fen , Deng Hua Feng , Sun Fei , Wei Jun , Yu Kun Peng
Published: November 2012

Central plains in rural as an example, studies the rural residential space form and energy saving measures and related problems. Try to solve the rural lower houses of function disorder, waste of space and energy problem ,such as building structure and material energy saving measures，household energy saving measures appliances,Water and energy saving measures. to make the rural residential reach function is reasonable, the layout is compact,energy is saved.
The New Treatment Method of Hard-Degradation Wastewater
Authors: Zhang Wei , Han Wei
Published: November 2012

The modern industry produces lots of organic wastewater contain high concentration of pollutant, but the traditional treatment method is difficult to deal with this poisonous and harmful wastewater. In this paper, a new treatment method—cavitation which could processing hard-degradation wastewater is concluded. The main factors influence to cavitation are listed, and it could support the design of cavitation reactor to processing hard-degradation wastewater scientifically.
Screening of a Microbial Flocculant Producing Silicate Bacteria MT5-2 and its Flocculating Activity
Authors: Yang Ming Yan , Han Feng , Tian Jia , Sun Chao , Cui Xia , Han Mei Rong
Published: November 2012

A microbial flocculant (MBF) producing silicate bacteria MT5-2 was isolated from different sources of samples by silicate selected medium. Its chemical composition, optimal flocculation conditions，flocculation characteristics and primary application were studied in this paper. The results showed that the flocculant was an extracellular polysaccharide, and its flocculation activity was mainly distributed in the fermentation broth. The optimal flocculation conditions were as follows: for the 100 mL kaolin suspension, flocculant dosage was 4mL, metal cation dosage was 1% of ZnCl2 3mL, pH 7.5. The flocculation activity can reach 95% under this condition. Application results showed that flocculant MT5-2 had better flocculation activity in several common suspensions, such as kieselguhr, bentonite, soil, active carbon and starch, compared with polyacrylamide and inorganic salt.
Flow Pattern in Ceramic Filter System for Particle Removal
Authors: Li Hai Xia , Wei Jiang
Published: November 2012

A gas-particle separation system was established to study the filtration performance where twelve ceramic filters were divided into four groups. Filters in same group will be cleaned by pulse back-flow at one time. The pressure distribution and variation during filtration and pulse back-flow washing in filter cavity and along filter length was measured. The main pressure drop occurs across the filter porous wall. The pressure at filter cavity decreases from the close end to open end of the candle filter. The gas velocity inside the filter system is generally relatively low in the vessel during filtration process.
Experimental Research on the Advanced Treatment of Coking Wastewater by Patented Wastewater Treatment Equipment
Authors: Wang Juan , Fan Ling Fei , Fan Di
Published: November 2012

In this study, we presented an approach to coking wastewater advanced treatment process with a patented wastewater treatment equipment. The samples were collected from the effluents of the biological treatment tank in a coking wastewater treatment plant. With the experiments of four static single factors and the continuing dynamic process, the discussions about the effects of pH value, influent loading, reaction time, and volume ratio on chromaticity, COD and NH3-N respectively were conducted. The experimental results identified that the optimum process parameters were pH of 3, influent load of 1m3/m2•h, reaction time of 4h and volume ratio of 2:1 respectively. When influents of chromaticity, COD and NH3-N were 210 times, 249.4mg/L, and 31.7mg/L respectively , the effluent of chromaticity, COD and NH3-N were 16 times, 49.7mg/L, and 9.5mg/L respectively, these values could meet the National standard of Recycling and Miscellaneous usages of Municipal Sewage on chromaticity, COD and NH3-N requirements.
Characteristic of Phthalates Adsorption on the Organic Medium
Authors: Liu Jun Jian , Chen Hong Yun , Liu Jing Tao , Zhang Yu Xi , Huang Guang Xing , Sun Ji Chao
Published: November 2012

Phthalates were of heath concern in groundwater and drink water. In order to understand how Phthalates were transported at organic medium of the aquatic environment, adsorption experiments were conducted using sludge as organic adsorbents for adsorbing Di-n-butyl phthalate and Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate. As a result, The adsorption of Phthalates by the sludge displayed Freundlich adsorption characteristics, and the much larger Freundlich affinity coefficient for Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate than that for Di-n-butyl phthalate is an indication of higher affinity of the sludge particles for Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate. By Scanning electron microscope analysis of the sludge, in principle very porous structure of the sludge would not be the limit condition and multilayer adsorption would become possible.
The Analysis of Bonding Shear Stress of Affixed Reinforced RC Beams
Authors: Yu De Sun , Yu Tian Qin , Shi Jun Feng
Published: November 2012

Bonding a strengthening plate to the tension face is an effective technique to repair reinforced concrete beams; however, much large shear stress along the adhesive line at the plate end will occur. The stress may cause the plate bonded at its end and the strengthened beams fail prematurely. In this paper, the finite element analysis software ANSYS was applied to study the interfacial stress distribution among the adhesive layer. The main factors affecting the peak values of the interfacial stress was also investigated entirely. The effect depends on two factors such as the distance of plate end from the support and plate thickness.
Research on Low Concentration Municipal Wastewater Removal Rate with Chemical-Biological Flocculation and Suspended Medium Process
Authors: Bian Xing Yu , Kang Xing Sheng , Li Yi , Sun Yu Lin , Kong Min , Zhang Yan Hao , Zhang Zhi Bin
Published: November 2012

In this paper, chemical and biological flocculation and suspended medium process was applied to treat low concentration municipal wastewater in a pilot scale test in order to find the optimum operational parameter. The results showed that: system on pollutant removal mainly on chemical and biological flocculation reaction pool, Under the optimal operating condition, CODCr, TP and SS removal efficiencies reached 75.5％, 76％and 90.5％ respectively, and the CODCr, TP, SS concentrations of effluent meet the National Wastewater Integrated Discharge Standard. The optimum operating conditions according to the local actual situation, running for more than half a year, for the optimization of control parameters for the contrast obtained.
The Variations of Organic Fluorescent Property in the Effluents from Biotreatment Unit Followed by Constructed Wetland Process
Authors: Hu Jia Peng , Zhao Shen Yun , Chiu Chun Yen , Ho Hsiao Jung , Tsai Ming Han , Lai Wen Liang
Published: November 2012

In this study, EEFM (Excitation emission fluorescent matrix) was used to evaluate the variation of organic characteristic of both source sewages into WuYiShan wastewater treatment. Similar organic property for both source sewages was identified, having four peaks, respectively belonging to fulvic acid, humic acid, aromatic protein and soluble microbial by-product. The fluorescent intensity (FI) of dominant humic acid fraction increased after biological treatment, and decreased in constructed wetland. UV process could result the increase of FI value of humic acid. However, the ratio of FI value of peak location in soluble microbial by-product to fulvic acid, called as Fs/Ff, continuously had an ascent after the biotreatment, constructed wetland and UV process. The organic property was apparently affected by the interior microorganism activity.
Modeling and Simulation of Sulfur Dioxide Abatement with Ammonia Absorbent in the Spray Scrubber
Authors: Jia Yong
Published: November 2012

In this paper, a model of ammonia-based wet flue gas desulfurization system was developed to simulate the process of absorption of SO2 and oxidation of total sulfite. The influence of pH, liquid-gas ratio, flue gas velocity and SO2 concentration on the desulfurization process were analyzed. The calculated desulfurization efficiency of the ammonia-based WFGD system for 2×210 t•h-1 boilers unit in China were compared to that of corresponding measured ones. The results show that the simulated values agreed well with the measured values for the operating conditions of pH, liquid/gas ratio and SO2 concentration. Corresponding amount of air needed for oxidation of total sulfite formed in SO2 absorption process was also calculated.
An Interval Optimization Model of Regional Pollutant Total Amount Control Based on a SEM Total Control Evaluation Index System
Authors: Wen Jing Ya , Hu Yan , Sun Zhao , Li Zhuang , Li Yu
Published: November 2012

Facing serious environmental forms and combining structure, engineering and management emissions reduction (SEM), this paper had drew up a SEM total control evaluation index system, and built an interval optimization model of regional pollution total amount control which minimized the emission reduction costs. Through the application of model case, the interval optimal model had obtained a reasonable scheme. The minimum total costs of emission reduction was [461.51, 531.19] (108 yuan), decreasing -1.75%~11.59% comparing with the recommended scheme (522.03, 108 yuan), while the maximum emissions reduction of COD, NH3-N, SO2 and NOX were [42.58, 48.32], [6.92, 7.80], [30.72, 34.96], and [23.21, 26.78] (104 tons). The interval optimal result provides policymakers an excellent decision, expands the range of macro-decisions and controls countermeasures for pollutant total amount control program.
The Main WFGD Technologies and their Development Trend
Authors: Qu Cheng Tun , Su Hong Guang , Tian Jing , Yang Xue , Wang Xin
Published: November 2012

Abstract: Four popular wet flue gas desulfurization processes were introduced in the paper, including their principles, advantages and disadvantages and application scale. Several process indexes were compared. Finally based on much analysis, the development trend of mainstream wet flue gas desulfurization is predicted.
The Problems and Suggestions of the Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment System during the Operation
Authors: Dong Xue Feng , Shen Gui Fen , Zhou Xiao Xiang , Guo Jin Juan , Zhang Xue Ying , Wu Wen Long
Published: November 2012

Wastewater treatment system was an important part of the wet desulfurization, and it played an important role to improve the quality of absorber slurry. Combined with the problems of desulfurization efficient reduced and moisture content in gypsum exceed normal, this paper pointed out the deficiencies which used the chlorine ion concentration to control the operation of desulfurization waster water; and suggested the influence of chlorine ion and the other impurities should be studied comprehensively, some guides for in-service supervision on the operation of FGD should be established as soon as possible.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating High Volume Palm Oil Fuel Ash
Authors: Shehu I.A. , Awal A.S.M. Abdul
Published: November 2012

The use of pozzolanic materials in the production of concrete for structural purposes is increasing, and this trend is expected to continue, due to technological advancement and the desire for basic structural infrastructure. This paper describes a study undertaken to examine the use of high volume palm oil fuel ash (HVPOFA) as a cement replacement material in concrete, beyond the optimized level of 30%. For this purpose, concrete mixes with 100% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as control were made, while high volume palm oil fuel ash concrete mixtures were prepared by substituting 50, 60 and 70% of cement by ash at 0.45 water-binder ratio. Mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength of HVPOFA concrete were studied and compared with that with 100% OPC. The results indicate that palm oil fuel ash of up to 70% by mass can be combined with Portland cement to produce normal strength concrete.
Research on Sewage Treatment Technology of High Salt City in Tangshan Coastal Development Zone
Authors: Yong Yang , Liu Xiao , Zhang Yao Zong
Published: November 2012

With the economic development of the coastal development zone, the coastal industrial and economic development is rapid and the other residents' living consumption is lagging behind, resulting in a new coastal development zone COD / BOD low, coupled with the regional characteristics of the coastal areas, making the coastal areas of urban sewagetreatment plant of the difficult problems of biochemical treatment. This study focused on the reasons for the difficulties of urban sewage in coastal areas of biochemical treatment solution to the problem, and provide relevant technical programs and technical parameters for the construction of a new coastal development zone in the city sewage treatment.
The Effect of Temperature on Landfill Gas Production with Waste Degradation
Authors: Liu Lei , Yang Chun , Li Jiang Shan , Tian Yu
Published: November 2012

The change of the temperature within landfill have the significantly effect on the organic degradation, which is further impact on the gas production. There is largely affect on landfill gas production by ambient temperature closed the surface of the landfill. The amount of the gas remains hysteresis, as depth increasing. The bio-degradation of the waste made the heat emission, leading to the temperature increased, accelerating the organic composition, as a result of gas production rise. However, the gas generation rate considered the temperature effect will be lower than under the non-coupling condition in the later, because the organic in the waste is definite.
Study of the Production of Ceramsite Using Municipal Sewage Sludge
Authors: Lu Xu Jie
Published: November 2012

The sludge ceramsite was obtained by the way of clay and Kaolin as the additive, which could be used fillers, especially the filter media for biological aerated filters (BAFs) in the paper. The experiment showed that the ratios of clay and Kaolin, sintering temperature and sintering time are important factors. The experimental results showed that the pellets of the ceramsite was good when the pellets were heated to 1150 °C for 25 min.
Influence of Cathodal Performance on Electricity Generation of Microbial Fuel Cell with Refinery Oil Wastewater as Fuel
Authors: Guo Xuan , Zhan Ya Li , Guo Shao Hui , Yan Guang Xu , Sun Su Xiu , Zhao Li Jie , Geng Rong Mei
Published: November 2012

A double-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed to investigate the feasibility of electricity generation using microbial fuel cell with refinery oil wastewater as its fuel and the influence of cathodal performance. Results indicated that refinery oil wastewater could be used as fuel in MFCs to generate electricity; catholyte type could influence the electricity generation of MFCs directly and Fe (Ⅲ)-EDTA was the best choice, voltage generation and stable operational period of which were highest and longest; voltage generation increased following with catholyte concentration linear but had little relation to cathode areas.
Research on Fault Identification of Sewage Treatment Based on PSO Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Li Rui Ni , Wang Xiao Yi , Liu Zai Wen , Xu Ji Ping , Wang Ling Bin
Published: November 2012

Various unusual conditions are likely to occur during sewage treatment process, which would lead to some consequences such as the decrease of water quality in the process of sewage treatment and the increase of disposal process, whereby causing a great influence to the practical operation efficiency of sewage treatment factories. Based on the analysis of the fault characteristics during the process of active sludge sewage treatment, a PSO clustering algorithm is presented. By putting this algorithm into the fault classification in sewage treatment, the results demonstrate that this algorithm could be an effective identification towards the unusual conditions during the sewage treatment process, which provides an efficient way for sewage treatment process fault diagnosis.
The Mathematical Model and Emperiences Algorithm of Activation Energy of Mixed Wastes
Authors: Wang Da Cheng , Liu Xiao Zhou
Published: November 2012

Through the single center of gravity mixture experiment design, the thermogravimetric combustion experiments of the cotton, easy chopsticks, food bags and its mixed components were done. Then the combustion characteristics curves of thermogravimetric and thermogravimetric differntial, and each group point average activation energy were obtained by above experiments. Using three Scheffe polynomial and the average activation energy of each waste component combustion, we get the activation energy calculation empirical formula of mixed waste combustion empirical formula. Through the three vertices of gravity method mixed waste combustion test, the experimental results of mixed waste activation energy fit well with the activation energy calculated from empirical formula. The activation energy calculated from empirical formula is correct, therefore, can be used to calculate the empirical formula derived from mixed waste activation energy. Application of this method has important guiding significance to the design of waste incinerator actually works and the waste combustion adjust.
Experimental Research on the Dynamic Pore Water Pressure’s Development Rules of the Silt in the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Yang Xiu Juan , Hou Tian Shun
Published: November 2012

Silt is the dominant soil in the deposited soil in the Yellow River Delta, with special properties. In this article, based on the results of the dynamic triaxial tests, the following conclusions are drawn. Under the cycle loading, the development of dynamic pore water pressure in silt differs from the sand, and its curve can be fitted by hyperbola. In beginning silty soils' pore water pressure rose sharply, and then gradually become stable, and in this paper the causes were analyzed.
Nearest Neighbor Search for Diagnosing Rain/Non-Rain Discrimination
Authors: Wei Chih Chiang , Lu Yu Hui
Published: November 2012

This study examines the rain occurrence by the passive microwave imagery during typhoons. The dataset consists of 53 typhoons affecting the watershed over 2001-2008. This study employs nearest neighbor search (NNS) classifier which is often used for diagnosing forecast problems. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) and logistic regressions (LR) are selected as the benchmarks. The results show that for the rain/non-rain discrimination, the best performing classifier is NNS according to the AUC measures. The results show that the use of NNS can effectively improve the AUC measures for diagnosing rain occurrence. Overall, the use of NNS is a relatively effective algorithm comparing to other classifiers.
Effects of Proliferation and Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cell Line SGC-7901 Induced by Zedoary Turmeric Oil
Authors: Shao Shu Li , Sui Wen Jing , Li Shuang , Zhang Wei Wei , Zhao Wei , Song Jin Ping
Published: November 2012

Objective To study the effect of Zedoary turmeric oil on proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. The growth inhibition rate of different concentration of Zedoary turmeric oil on human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 were detected by trypan blue stain assay. Optical microscopy observation of cell morphological changes. DNA fragmentation detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of cell mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution.Results: the optimal concentration was110 μg/mL for 48h，and the IC50 values were 104.958 μg/mL. The typical DNA ladder on agarose gel electrophoresis，the apoptotic peak was showed by FCA detection. Conclusion: The Zedoary turmeric oil can induce apoptosis of gastric cancer cell SGC-7901.
The Research of Xiaolangdi Reservoir Environmental Compensation Benefits
Authors: Zhang Yun Feng , Qi Qing Qing , Zhang Ze Zhong
Published: November 2012

The environmental compensation benefits of Xiaolangdi Reservoir is estimated based on the analysis of the impoundment of Xiaolangdi Reservoir in 2010, which helps increase the cultivated land, open up the tourist resort and reservoirs wetlands. The results show that the cultivated land compensation benefits is about 1155 million yuan; the tourism environment compensation benefits is about 4 million yuan; the wetland compensation benefits is about 66 million yuan . the environmental compensation benefit of Xiaolangdi Reservoir is about RMB 1225 billion yuan in 2010.
Mitomycin Induced Apoptosis in Human Leukemia K562 Cells
Authors: Shao Shu Li , Zhao Bin , Zhang Wei Wei , Zhao Wei , Wu Guang Hui , Song Jin Ping
Published: November 2012

Objective: The research aimed to study the effects of mitomycin on human leukemic K562 cells, and to explore the mechanism of mitomycin induced apoptosis．In order to provide previous experiment basis for mitomycin applying clinical treatments Methods: The multiplication and apoptosis status of K562 cells treated different time by different concentration mitomycin were observed by light microscope, fluorescence microscope, TEM, agrose gel electrophoresis of DNA and flow cytometry. Results: The results showed that mitomycin could induce K562 cells apoptosis, and the best concentration was 12.5μg/ml for 48 h. The optimal concentration of apoptosis induced by apoptosis rate is （28.8±1.04）% （P<0.01）. Mitomycin could affect the S phase among cellular multiplication, cell could be blocked by mitomycin and then apoptosis in this phase. Conclusions: Mitomycin can induce the apoptosis of human leukemic K562 cells. It is of great significance to guide clinical medication.
Study on the Flood Volume Investigation for Medium and Small River
Authors: Du Zhong , Wu Hui Xiu , Dong Zeng Chuan , Sun De Shu
Published: November 2012

The hydrological research of ungauged basins became the new topic of international hydrological plan, the flood investigation can effectively make up for the information insufficient of the contemporary remote sensing technology and traditional statistical interpolation techniques. Take Dasha River rainstorm for example, water surface slope was monitored of 8‰ by slope-area method, the peak flow was calculated of 1830 m3/s. According to the measured multi-peak flood hydrograph simulates single peak hydrograph and five points probable, the flood volume was calculated of 109 million m3, the runoff coefficient is 0.84 and runoff depth is 505 mm. The river basin has 250 mm previous rainfall, and the underlying surface was saturated, so the result indicated that it accord with runoff yield and concentration theory. The method can be extended for medium and small size river.
Failure Mode of Karst Water under Inclined Coal Seam Mining in Hilly Area
Authors: Yao Guang Hua , Chen Zheng Hua , Tu Chang Peng , Xiang Xi Qiong , Xu Sheng
Published: November 2012

Using special hydrogeology survey, groundwater level observation, water pressure test, pit infiltration test, imaging well log technique and Hertz wave CT in the mining subsidence area and its nearby, failure mode of karst water under inclined coal seam mining in hilly area is studied. Contrasted surface infiltration capacity of limestone in 1955 with in 2011, it verifies that aquicludes and aquifers above goaf and near ground are damaged, therefore karst water in different aquifers become a unified water-bearing body. In the mining subsidence area, karst water forms a cone of depression, and water-bearing body of underground karst water supplied by vertical seepage is the main type of surface water infiltration. Outside of mining subsidence area, the surface water and the karst water are supplied by each other, and overland flow is the main type of surface water.
Water Resources Research in Henan Province Based on Ecological Footprint Model
Authors: Luo Xu , Zhou Wei Duo
Published: November 2012

Based on ecological footprint theory , analyzing the problems of the consumption of aquatic products, the consumption of freshwater resources , water pollution dilution water consumption and the local water resources and sewage recycling amount etc. and calculating 2005-2010 ecological footprint and ecological bearing capacity of water resources in Henan Province. The result shows that water ecological deficit of Henan Province is still higher , the utilization of water resources located in an unsustainable stage .
Study on Correlations between Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Geochemical Factors in Sediments from Baihua Lake
Authors: Shen Wei , Hu Ji Wei , Huang Xian Fei , Mei Jin , Fu Li Ya , Zhang Ji Ping , Luo Jin
Published: November 2012

This paper reports a study on the distribution characteristics of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in seventeen sediment samples collected from Baihua Lake (a man-made deep plateau reservoir in Guizhou Province, China), and analyzes the correlations between the SRB content and pH value, organic matter (OM), AVS, Fe, Hg, As, Cu, Ca, Mg in the sediments. The results showed that the sediment collected from the sampling site of Yapengzhai had the highest population of SRB, and the sediment from the sampling site of Longtan SRB presented the lowest population of SRB. Moreover, there were positive correlations between SRB and OM, AVS, Fe, Hg, As, Cu, Ca, Mg whereas the negative correlations existed between the SRB content and pH value.
Field Experimental Study on Saline and Alkaline Soil Amelioration through Combining Chemical Method and Under-Mulch Drip Irrigation
Authors: Wang Chun Xia , Wang Quan Jiu , Liang Zhuang
Published: November 2012

Chemistry amelioration measure is a means of regulating soil water and salt movement, the paper introduced the method of combined the under-mulch drip irrigation with applying of chemicals, such as PAM, Handilong and Gypsum. The Field experimental results indicate that the surface soil bulk density reduced degree for applying chemistry matters is higher than without applying chemical farmland (as comparison treatment), the reduced rate shows to reduce one after the other increase with applying increasing. The holding water capacity for applying chemicals is higher than comparison treatment except the treatments for applying Handilong (3750Kg•ha-1) and Gypsum (5340Kg•ha-1), and the holding water effect applying PAM is the highest and the lowest for Gypsum. Applying chemicals also increases the soil water infiltration depth, and the soil water is held within 0-60cm soil layers for applying chemical soils and 0-40cm for comparison treatment. The desalinization rate is lowest for comparison treatment, the desalinization effect is biggish in upper initial soil salt content, and the highest for applying Handilong and the lowest for Gypsum. The output is lowest in comparison treatment, it reduces for applying PAM as applying increased, but to reduce one after the other increase with applying Handilong and Gypsum increasing.
Evaluation Research of Land Intensive Use Based on Extension Theory in Xi’an
Authors: Yang Mao Sheng , Li Hai Li , Wang Jiu Zhong
Published: November 2012

Based on extension theory, combined with the existing problems of urban land intensive use, evaluation system of urban land intensive use was established. According to the present situation of urban land use in Xi’an, combined with the model, this paper takes extension method to determine the index weight and makes an empirical analysis of urban land intensive use in Xi’an.
Analysis of Soil Fertility in the Preliminary Stage of Ecological Slope Protection in Guandi Hydropower Station
Authors: Li Ming Yi , Liu Gang , Xu Wen Nian , Wei Ke Liang , Zhao Zi Chao
Published: November 2012

The soil fertility was measured in four experimental plots on human-induced restoration slopes like vegetation-growing concrete spraying bio-slope (CBS) and external-soil spray seeding bio-slope ( ESS) in Yalong River Guandi Hydropower. The results showed that the soil fertility level of four repaired slopes were significantly higher than the control sample, and there was no significant difference among these experimental slopes except for the slope D (right bank CBS) which was the highest in all of slopes. It indicated that the technology of ecological slope protection can improve soil quality in the disturbed areas of Guandi Hydropower Station, Yalong River. The results of using vegetation-growing concrete base material spraying technology were better than the external-soil spray seeding technology.
Preparation and Characterization of Magenetically Core-Shell Structure Carbon Based Solid Sulfonic Acid
Authors: Liu Ning , Zheng Rui Yuan , Liu Wan Yi , Ma Jing Xin , Zheng Xia , Li Bing , Wang Zheng
Published: November 2012

Magnetically core-shell structure carbon based solid sulfonic acid were prepared and characterized systematically. In a typical procedure, Fe3O4 particles were prepared by following the literature report. The Fe3O4 was then modified by oleic acid under the sonication. A coal pitch layer was produced and polymerization on the surface of nano-Fe3O4 at 573 K for 6 h under O2 atmosphere and followed by carbonization at 773 K in flowing nitrogen. SO3H bearing multifunctional composites were finally prepared with sulfonation process in fuming sulfuric acid.The structure, morphology and ferromagnetic property of ferrite powders and composites were characterized by XPS, TEM, FTIR spectra, and VSM respectively. The advantages, including high acidic concentration and magnetically active, are potentially important for industrial applications of the Core-shell Structure Carbon Based Solid Sulfonic Acid as an efficient heterogeneous solid acid catalyst in the future.
Seasonal Changes in Various Soil Organic Carbon Pools with Different Soil Amendments
Authors: Zhou Hua , Yu Wan Tai , Ma Qiang
Published: November 2012

In a sustainable agriculture farming systems experiment, the dynamics of soil organic carbon (OC), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio and labile organic carbon pool in soil amended with maize stalk (MS), rice straw (RS) and alfalfa (AF) were studied from August 2005 to August 2006. The results showed that organic material with low N content decomposed slowly, while that with absolutely high N content depressed decomposition rate. After one year’s decomposition, the humification process of organic materials was basically complete. Soil labile carbon content was dramatically improved compared with the control after the addition of organic materials to the soil. The leached DOC was highly correlated with micro-organisms activity and MBC was highly dependent on N incorporation.
One Step Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia-Graphene Composites
Authors: Xia Jian Fei , Wang Zong Hua , Xia Yan Zhi , Zhang Fei Fei , Zhu Fu Qiang , Li Yan Hui
Published: November 2012

Zirconia-graphene composite (ZrO2-G) has been successfully synthesized via decomposition of ZrOCl2•6H2O in a water-isopropanol system with dispersed graphene oxide (GO) utilizing Na2S as a precursor could enable the occurrence of the deposition of Zr4+ and the deoxygenation of GO at the same time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the samples. It was found that graphene were fully coated with ZrO2, and the ZrO2 existing in tetragonal phase, which resulted in the formation of two-dimensional composite.
Research on the Carrying Capacity of Outdoor Environmental Resources and Ecological Environmental Security for Sports
Authors: Tao Yu Ping
Published: November 2012

Outdoor sports are a series of sports events carried out in inartificially natural environments. However, drastic sports competition and excessive utilization of the outdoor sports resources will surpass its carrying capacity, bringing about environmental damage and threats to ecological security. This paper aims to discuss the extension of the life circle of the outdoor sports resources with methods of literature collection and case analysis and to emphasize the harmonious co-development of outdoor sports and natural environment. The conclusions obtained are as follows: outdoor sports can prompt people to live in harmony with nature; a proper load of outdoor sports resources can make a contribution to its circular development; the carrying capacity of outdoor sports resources is limited, which means overload will threat ecological security. Therefore, in order to get outdoor sports developed in a scientific, rational, healthy and orderly way, we must protect the ecosystem and increase the carrying capacity of outdoor sports resources.
Surface Treatment of Quartz Fiber in SiO2/SiO2f with Composite Properties of Materials
Authors: Wang Juan , Lai Si Yu , Li Da
Published: November 2012

Two methods are adopted to remove wetting agents on surface of the quartz fiber, one is heat treatment, and the other is the combination of organic solvent and heat treatment. By comparing the changes of weight loss rate of quartz fiber before and after surface treatment, analyzing variation of morphology and composition of surface in SEM and XPS approaches, we conclude that the combination of organic solvent and heat treatment is superior to the pure thermal treatment in dealing with surface of quartz fiber. In heating process, different heating rates are used, the results show that: the lower the heating rate is, the greater the mechanical strength of the quartz fiber losses.
Coated Carbon Nanotubes at Nano Copper Modified GCE for Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Uric Acid
Authors: Qiang Xiao Ling , Xia Jian Fei , Wang Zong Hua , Xia Yan Zhi , Zhang Fei Fei , Li Yan Hui
Published: November 2012

Copper (Cu) nanoparticles have been electrochemically deposited onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface by potentiostatic deposition method and then carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was dropped on the nano-Cu modified electrode surface to get a CNTs/nano-Cu/GCE electrode. The CNTs/nano-Cu/GCE has shown much higher electrocatalytic activity than the CNTs/GCE towards the oxidation of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.9). It can be applied to determine DA and UA with satisfactory results.
Research on Environmental Attitude and Behavior Intention of Tourist with Environment Resource in River Islet
Authors: Peng Hui Jun
Published: November 2012

The study on environmental attitude and behavior intention of tourist is a hot topic in the environmental protection research. Taking Dongzhou islet of Hengyang, in Hunan Province of China as an example, the paper researched the environmental attitude, behavior intention of tourists with environment resource in river islet and their relationship. The study collected the data by questionnaire and analyzed the data by SPSS software. The result shows that the environmental attitude of tourist with environment resource in river islet can be categorized into four dimensions, namely environmental morality, environmental knowledge, environmental responsibility and environmental sentiment. The dimensions of environmental morality, environmental knowledge and environmental sentiment have the positive relations with the environmental behavior intention
Effect of Environmental Contaminant on Rana nigromaculata Based on Environmental Materials
Authors: Huang Min Yi , Duan Ren Yan , Ren Li Ping , Zhao Xiu Ling , Wu Dan
Published: November 2012

Environmental materials are widely used, which destroy the environment. We used Rana nigromaculata to research the effects of environmental material dicofol. Rana nigromaculata were injected in ventral lymph follicle in different doses of dicofol solution every a day. After the treatment, the sperm activation, sperm deformity, number and abnormal ratio were observed and calculated. The results show that with the dicofol concentration increasing, sperm activation reduces, sperm number decreases, sperm abnormality rate increases significantly. The conclusion is that dicofol has toxic effects on R. nigromaculata reproduction obviously.
Field Test of Pollutant Removal Efficiencies of Storm Wetlands in Southern China
Authors: Zhang Ru , Feng Kai Bin , Yang Jie
Published: November 2012

This paper presents a study on the use of wetland as best management practices (BMPs) for controlling nonpoint source pollution located at Shenzhen and Qian Lake watershed at Nanchang in southern China. The Shenzhen experiments tested a construct wetland at the Xikeng Reservoir watershed, while the Nanchang experiments were conducted for treating stormwater on the campus of Nanchang University. Samples were collected during storm events and were analyzed for total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N), and total phosphorus (TP). The removal efficiencies of both wetland systems were evaluated using the Efficiency Ratio (ER) method based on the event mean concentration (EMC) data. The wide range of performance results show that the average pollutants removal efficiencies of Qian Lake wetland are higher that Shenzhen wetland.
β-TCP Scaffolds with an Interconnected and Aligned Porosity Fabricated via Ice-Templating
Authors: Flauder Stefan , Gbureck Uwe , Müller Frank A.
Published: November 2012

Pure β-TCP scaffolds with an aligned, lamellar, open and interconnected porosity were fabricated by the ice-templating process. The morphology of the scaffold was analysed and the mechanical properties of the different scaffolds were tested by compression tests. The structural sizes of the scaffolds (pore width and ceramic cell wall thickness) were adjusted by the onset of a constant ice front velocity. For this purpose a freezing device was developed and a specific solution of the non-steady heat equation with a disturbing factor (phase transformation energy from water) was used to model the process parameters. It was found that increasing the ice front velocity decreases the structural sizes and consequently increases the compression strength of the scaffold.
The Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of Hydroxyapatite Macroporous Scaffolds Prepared via Freeze-Casting
Authors: Zamanian Ali , Farhangdoust Sajad , Yasaei Mana , Khorami Mina , Abbasabadi Mohamad
Published: November 2012

The most important characteristic of biomaterial as bone-repairing material, in addition to biocompatibility and appropriate porosity, is providing mechanical strength complying with injured tissue. In the present work, slurry with 15 vol% HA prepared from calcinated hydroxyapatite. The prepared slurry freeze casted unidirectionally with the cooling rate of 8°C/min from the ambient temperature. Then, green bodies freeze-dried for 72h following with sintering at different temperatures of 1250-1350°C with intervals of 25°C. The results showed that lamella space and porosity decreases with temperature while compressive strength and shrinkage goes up. Total porosity has a range of 75-83% while has a compressive strength of ~2-8 MPa. The sintered sample at 1350°C, with 75% porosity, which has a ~ 8 MPa compressive strength, chose to be the optimum. Also, some dendritic branch like structure and bridges can be seen on the internal walls of lamellae which can improve mechanical properties. These features may improve adhesion and growth of osseous cells.
Evaluating Initial Content of the Slurry and Cooling Rate on the Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of Freeze Casted Hydroxyapatite Macroporous Scaffolds
Authors: Farhangdoust Sajad , Rabiee Sayed Mahmood , Zamanian Ali , Yasaei Mana , Khorami Mina , Hafezi-Ardakani Masoud
Published: November 2012

Scaffolds have to meet exacting physical, chemical, and biological criteria to function successfully, and those criteria vary with the type of tissue being repaired. In the present work, slurry with different initial content of 7.5-22.5 vol% HA prepared from calcinated hydroxyapatite. The prepared slurries freeze casted unidirectionally with the different cooling rate of 2-14°C/min with intervals of 3°C/min from the ambient temperature. Then, green bodies freeze-dried for 72h following with sintering at temperatures of 1350°C. The results showed that compressive strength goes up with cooling rate and initial content. Total porosity has a range of 66-88% while has a compressive strength of ~0.4-18 MPa. Porosity size has a value of 20-200 μm by initial content and cooling rate. Based on strength and porosity, the specimen with initial content and cooling rate of 15 vol% and 5°C/min, respectively, chose to be the optimum. This specimen has a compressive strength and porosity size of 5.26 MPa and 88 μm, respectively. The compressive strength value of the mentioned lamellar HA scaffolds was in the range of the values reported for human proximal tibia.
Fabrication of βTCP Foam Using αTCP Foam as a Precursor by Heat Treatment
Authors: Nikaido Taro , Tsuru Kanji , Kawachi Giichiro , Munar Melvin L. , Matsuya Shigeki , Nakamura Seiji , Ishikawa Kunio
Published: November 2012

The present study reports the synthesis of βTCP foam with fully interconnecting pores based on phase transformation of αTCP foam precursor by employing heat treatment. First, the αTCP foam precursor was fabricated by sintering the ceramics slurry-coated polyurethane foam template at 1,500°C. The resultant αTCP foam was again heated below α,β transition temperature for an extended period of times. After heating at 800°C for 150 hours, 900°C for 100 hours and 1,000°C for 300 hours, βTCP foam was obtained. The compressive strength of βTCP foam was approximately 46 kPa and the porosity was approximately 93%. The long heating period as well as heating temperature were the key to the transformation of βTCP phase. βTCP foam could be an ideal bone replacement since the invasion of bone cells into the pores provides optimum bone growth or repair.
Nerve Regeneration by Using of Chitosan-Silicate Hybrid Porous Membranes
Authors: Shirosaki Yuki , Hayakawa Satoshi , Osaka Akiyoshi , Santos José D. , Maurício Ana C.
Published: November 2012

The treatment of peripheral nerve injuries is still one of the most challenging tasks in neurosurgery, as functional recovery is rarely satisfactory in these patients. The concept behind the use of biodegradable nerve guides is that no foreign material should be left in place after the device has fulfilled its task, so as to spare a second surgical intervention. In a previous study, flexible and biodegradable chitosan-γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) hybrid membranes exhibited better cytocompatibility in terms of osteoblastic cells than chitosan membrane. Porous chitosan hybrid membranes, derived by freeze-drying the hybrid gels, showed that the cells were attached and proliferated both on the surface and into pores. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of these chitosan hybrid membranes in terms of their inflammatory response and remodeling of connective tissue during wound-healing processes before use as a periphery nerve graft. The porous chitosan hybrid membranes showed good biocompatibility and improved posttraumatic axonal regrowth and functional recovery.
Reconstruction of Tissue-Engineered Bone Using an Apatite-Fiber Scaffold, Rat Bone Marrow Cells and Radial-Flow Bioreactor: Optimization of Flow Rate in Circulating Medium
Authors: Miura Maiko , Fukasawa Jun , Yasutomi Yumiko , Maehashi Haruka , Matsuura Tomokazu , Aizawa Mamoru
Published: November 2012

We have successfully developed porous apatite-fiber scaffolds (AFSs) which have three-dimensional (3D) inter-connected pores; subsequently, we have clarified that the AFSs have an excellent bioactivity on the basis of both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In addition, we have reconstructed the tissue-engineered bone with 3D structure through 3D-cell culture of mesenchymal stem cells derived from rat bone marrow (RBMC) using the AFS settled into the radial-flow bioreactor (RFB), and examined effect of flow rate of medium in the RFB on the differentiation of osteoblasts in tissue-engineered bone. Aim in the present work is to establish of the optimal conditions of flow rate in this construction method of 3D tissue-engineered bone. The flow rates were set to 0.4, 1.3, 6.3, 11.5 and 16.5 cm3min-1; tissue-engineered bones cultured by the individual flow rates are defined as bones#1~#5. The level of differentiation of osteoblasts in all the bones#1~#5 was examined by determining the content of two kinds of differentiation maker into osteoblast, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for initial/middle stage and osteocalcin (OC) for late stage. The ALP activity normalized for DNA content of bone#3 showed the highest value among all of them. Moreover, the OC amount normalized for DNA content of bone#3 also indicated the highest among all the examined samples. These results demonstarate that the flow rate of 6.3 cm3min-1 may promote the differentiation into osteoblast. In conclusion, we determined that this flow rate was the optimal conditions for the bone regeneratrion in RFB.
Basic Properties of Starfish Derived Calcium Carbonate and its Phase Transformation to Carbonate Apatite
Authors: Honda Daiki , Takeuchi Akari , Kunio Ishikawa
Published: November 2012

Feasibility of starfish bone to be a source material for apatite bone substitute was investigated in the present study because starfish bone is known to be porous calcium carbonate. Starfish bone was assembly of Mg containing calcite granules. And the calcite granules had fully interconnected porous structure with approximately 20 µm of pore size. After the hydrothermal treatment of the calcite granules in Na2HPO4 aqueous solution, the granules were gradually transformed to apatite. Therefore, starfish derived calcium carbonate would be a candidate of a source material for carbonate apatite bone substitute.