bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Analysis of TSPAN32 Regulatory Networks and Their Role in Immune Cell Biology
Authors: Scuderi Grazia , Mangano Katia , Petralia Maria Cristina , Basile Maria Sofia , Di Raimondo Francesco , Fagone Paolo , Nicoletti Ferdinando
Published: January 2025

Tetraspanin 32 (TSPAN32), a member of the tetraspanin superfamily, is one of several tumor-suppressing subtransferable fragments located in the imprinted gene domain of chromosome 11p15.5, a critical tumor-suppressor gene region. Although the biology of TSPAN32 remains largely unexplored, accumulating evidence suggests its involvement in hematopoietic functions. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression patterns and regulatory roles of TSPAN32. Notably, TSPAN32 is highly expressed in immune cells, particularly in natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells. The observed downregulation of TSPAN32 during immune cell activation highlights its potential role as a regulator of immune cell activation and metabolic adaptations, which are crucial for effective immune responses against pathogens and tumors. Moreover, the modulation of biological processes following TSPAN32 knockout further supports its critical role in regulating immune cell physiology and responses. These findings not only shed light on the biology of TSPAN32 but also provide the basis for exploring its diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, as well as in hematopoietic cancers.
Intrathecal Immunoglobulin A Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis: From Biological Aspects to Clinical Relevance
Authors: Kliushnikova Dariia , Otto Ferdinand , Pilz Georg , Wipfler Peter , Harrer Andrea
Published: January 2025

Intrathecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) synthesis in multiple sclerosis (MS) has long earned little attention, despite a potential significance in disease pathogenesis and prognosis. The presence of IgA-positive plasma cells in MS lesions and along damaged axons suggests a role in disease pathogenesis. Available clinical evidence about a potential positive or negative prognostic role is scarce and inconclusive. Recent observations, however, highlight the migration of immune regulatory IgA-producing plasma cells from the gut to the central nervous system (CNS) in experimental autoimmune encephalitis models. A connection between intrathecal IgA synthesis and the gut–brain axis in MS was further corroborated by the discovery of gut microbiota-specific IgA+ B cells in human CNS during relapse. In this review, we summarize current evidence on the occurrence and immunopathology of intrathecal IgA synthesis in MS, explore its biological implications, and address methodological challenges regarding the detection of IgA as a major limitation and possible source of inconsistencies in clinical studies. By synthesizing these diverse lines of evidence, we highlight the importance of further research and the need for standardized detection methods to clarify the role of IgA in MS pathogenesis, disease progression, and as potential biomarker.
Comprehensive Metabolomics in Mouse Mast Cell Model of Allergic Rhinitis for Profiling, Modulation, Semiquantitative Analysis, and Pathway Analysis
Authors: Patil Akshay Suresh , Xu Yan
Published: January 2025

Allergic rhinitis affects millions globally, causing significant discomfort and reducing the quality of life. This study investigates the metabolic alterations in murine mast cells (MC/9) under allergic rhinitis conditions induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, employing UHPLC-QTOF-MS-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics. The analysis identified 44 significantly regulated metabolites, including histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and ceramides. Key metabolic pathways such as arachidonic acid, histidine, and sphingolipid metabolisms were notably modulated. The study further examined the therapeutic effects of triprolidine and zileuton, demonstrating their capacity to reverse LPS-induced metabolic shifts. Triprolidine primarily modulated histidine and sphingolipid metabolism, while zileuton targeted arachidonic acid and sphingolipid metabolism. These findings underscore the utility of metabolomics analysis in elucidating the complex biochemical pathways involved in allergic rhinitis and highlight the potential of metabolomics for evaluating therapeutic interventions. This study enhances our understanding of mast cell metabolism in allergic responses and provides a robust model for assessing the efficacy of anti-allergic agents, paving the way for more effective treatments.
Proteostasis Decline and Redox Imbalance in Age-Related Diseases: The Therapeutic Potential of NRF2
Authors: Buttari Brigitta , Tramutola Antonella , Rojo Ana I. , Chondrogianni Niki , Saha Sarmistha , Berry Alessandra , Giona Letizia , Miranda Joana P. , Profumo Elisabetta , Davinelli Sergio , Daiber Andreas , Cuadrado Antonio , Di Domenico Fabio
Published: January 2025

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of cellular homeostasis, overseeing the expression of a wide array of genes involved in cytoprotective processes such as antioxidant and proteostasis control, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and the metabolism of lipids and glucose. The accumulation of misfolded proteins triggers the release, stabilization, and nuclear translocation of NRF2, which in turn enhances the expression of critical components of both the proteasomal and lysosomal degradation pathways. This process facilitates the clearance of toxic protein aggregates, thereby actively maintaining cellular proteostasis. As we age, the efficiency of the NRF2 pathway declines due to several factors including increased activity of its repressors, impaired NRF2-mediated antioxidant and cytoprotective gene expression, and potential epigenetic changes, though the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This leads to diminished antioxidant defenses, increased oxidative damage, and exacerbated metabolic dysregulation and inflammation—key contributors to age-related diseases. Given NRF2’s role in mitigating proteotoxic stress, the pharmacological modulation of NRF2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, even in aged preclinical models. By inducing NRF2, it is possible to mitigate the damaging effects of oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammation, thus reducing protein misfolding. The review highlights NRF2’s therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular conditions, emphasizing its role in improving proteostasis and redox homeostasis Additionally, it summarizes current research into NRF2 as a therapeutic target, offering hope for innovative treatments to counteract the effects of aging and associated diseases.
Olivetol’s Effects on Metabolic State and Gut Microbiota Functionality in Mouse Models of Alimentary Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and 2, and Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Zabolotneva Anastasia A. , Popruga Katerina E. , Makarov Valentin V. , Yudin Sergei M. , Gaponov Andrei M. , Roumiantsev Sergei A. , Shestopalov Aleksandr V.
Published: January 2025

Background: Disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, or hypercholesterolemia, can cause serious complications, reduce quality of life, and lead to increased premature mortality. Olivetol, a natural compound, could be proposed as a promising therapeutic agent for preventing, treating, or alleviating metabolic complications of such pathological conditions. Methods: In this study, the researchers conducted a broad parallel investigation of olivetol’s effects on metabolic state and gut microbiota functionality in mouse models of alimentary obesity, diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, and hypercholesterolemia. Results: According to the results of the study, olivetol caused a lowering of body weight in C57Bl6 mice fed a high-fat diet and in ldlr(−/−) mice, decreased serum glucose levels in db/db mice, improved lipid metabolism in ldlr(−/−) mice, and prevented inflammatory infiltration of the pancreas and loss of insulin secretion in NOD mice. In addition, olivetol affected the composition and functional activity of gut microbiota communities, inducing an expansion of probiotic species such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens and depleting the representation of pathobionts such as Prevotella, although olivetol supplementation did not influence the diversity or richness of the communities. Conclusions: These results suggest that olivetol is a promising therapeutic agent for preventing, treating, or alleviating the metabolic complications of obesity, diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, and hypercholesterolemia; however, more investigations are required in order to attain a full understanding of its physiological effects.
The Genetic Expression Difference of A2058 Cells Treated by Plasma Direct Exposure and Plasma-Treated Medium and the Appropriate Treatment Strategy
Authors: Chen Chao-Yu , Chou Chung-Hsien , Cheng Yun-Chien
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been demonstrated as an adjustable device to generate various combinations of short-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and as a promising appliance for cancer therapy. This study investigated the effects of direct and indirect treatments of Argon-based CAP to cancer cells (A2058, A549, U2OS and BCC) and fibroblasts (NIH3T3 and L929) on cell viability. We also aimed to understand whether plasma-generated RONS were involved in this process using genetic evidence. Methods: The intensity of reactive species in the plasma gas and the concentrations of RONS in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture medium were measured. A viability assay was performed after the cells were treated by plasma in PBS and medium with various volumes to realize the lethal effects of plasma under different conditions. Diverse cells were treated in the same solution to compare the sensitivities of different cells to plasma treatments. The gene expression profiles of A2058 cells after the direct and indirect treatments were analyzed by next generation gene sequencing. Accordingly, we discovered the advantages of sequential treatments on cancer therapy. Results: The cumulative concentration of hydroxyterephthalic acid (HTA) revealed that the pre-existing OH radical (•OH) in PBS increased with the treatment durations. However, there was no significant increase in the concentration of HTA in culture medium. HTA was detected in the treatment interface of PBS but not medium, showing the penetration of •OH through PBS. The concentrations of H2O2 and NO2− increased with the treatment durations, but that of NO3− was low. The direct treatments caused stronger lethal effects on cancer cells under certain conditions. The fibroblasts showed higher tolerance to plasma treatments. From gene expression analysis, the initial observations showed that both treatments influenced transcription-related pathways and exhibited shared or unique cellular stress responses. The pre-treatments, especially of direct exposure, revealed better cancer inhibition. Conclusions: The anti-cancer efficiency of plasma could be enhanced by pre-treatments and by adjusting the liquid interfaces to avoid the rapid consumption of short-lived RONS in the medium. To achieve better therapeutic effects and selectivity, more evidence is necessary to find optional plasma treatments.
Peri-Traumatic Near-Infrared Light Treatment Attenuates the Severity of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Rescuing (Type I) Spiral Ganglion Neurons in Mice
Authors: Meuser Max , Schwitzer Susanne , Faraji Parisa , Ernst Arne , Basta Dietmar
Published: January 2025

Background: Previous studies have shown that multiple post-traumatic irradiations of the cochlea with near-infrared light (NIR) can significantly reduce noise-induced hearing loss. However, a single NIR pre-treatment was shown to have the same effect. Extending the pre-treatment time did not result in any further reduction in hearing loss. The present study investigated whether a combined NIR pre- and post-treatment had an increased effect on hearing preservation. Methods: Frequency-specific auditory brainstem potential thresholds (ABR) were determined in young adult mice. One group (n = 8) underwent NIR irradiation (808 nm, 120 mW, 15 min) of the cochlea, followed by a 30 min noise exposure (5–20 kHz, 115 dB SPL). A post-NIR treatment was administered for 30 min immediately following the noise trauma. After 14 days, hearing loss was determined by ABR measurements. The results were compared with a trauma-only group (n = 8) and an untreated control group (n = 5). Subsequently, the spiral ganglion neuron density was investigated. Results: A peri-traumatic NIR treatment resulted in a significantly lower hearing loss compared to the trauma-only group. Hearing protection in these animals significantly exceeded the effect of an exclusive pre- or post-treatment across all frequencies. A loss of spiral ganglion neurons in the trauma-only group was observed, which was significantly rescued by the peri-traumatic NIR treatment. Conclusions: A single peri-traumatic NIR treatment seems to be the more effective approach for the preservation of hearing thresholds after noise trauma compared to an isolated pre- or post-treatment. One target of the protective effect seems to be the spiral ganglion.
Risk of Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage After Mechanical Thrombectomy in Randomized Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Reda Abdullah , Hasanzadeh Alireza , Ghozy Sherief , Sanjari Moghaddam Hossein , Adl Parvar Tanin , Motevaselian Mohsen , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F. , Rabinstein Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Background: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is the most dreaded complication after reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to estimate and compare risks of sICH after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) depending on the location of the large vessel occlusion, concomitant use of intravenous thrombolysis, timing of treatment, and core size. Methods: Randomized controlled trials were included, following a comprehensive search of different databases from inception to 1 March 2024. Random-effect models in a meta-analysis were employed to obtain the pooled risk ratios (RRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for sICH with MT, and were then compared to other reperfusion treatment regimens, including best medical treatment and intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Results: MT in the anterior circulation was associated with a significantly higher risk of sICH as compared with no-MT (RR: 1.46; 95%CI: 1.03–2.07; p = 0.037). The risk of sICH was comparable between the MT and MT+IVT groups (RR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.57–1.03; p = 0.079). There was no difference in sICH risk with MT as compared with no-MT within 6 h of last known well (RR: 1.14; 95%CI: 0.78–1.66; p = 0.485) and beyond that time (RR: 1.29; 95%CI: 0.80–2.08; p = 0.252); the risk of sICH was also comparable between MT conducted within 6 h of last known well and MT conducted beyond that time (p = 0.512). The sICH risk for MT in the posterior circulation (RR: 7.48; 95%CI: 2.27–24.61) was significantly higher than for MT in the anterior circulation (RR: 1.18; 95%CI: 0.90–1.56) (p = 0.003). MT was also associated with a significantly higher sICH risk than no-MT among patients with large core strokes (RR: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.09–2.66, p = 0.018). Conclusions: When evaluating cumulative evidence from randomized controlled trials, the risk of sICH is increased after MT compared with patients not treated with MT. Yet, the difference is largely driven by the greater risk of sICH in patients treated with MT for posterior circulation occlusions and, to a lesser degree, large core strokes. Concomitant use of intravenous thrombolysis and the use of MT in the extended therapeutic window do not raise the risk of sICH.
Similarities and Differences Between Bullying and Sexual Harassment in Schools: A Social-Ecological Review of Risk and Protective Factors
Authors: Sahin-Ilkorkor Zehra , Brubaker Sarah Jane
Published: January 2025

In this conceptual article, the authors provide a narrative review of literature on bullying and sexual harassment in K-12 schools framed through a comparative analysis of risk and protective factors for both forms of violence across the social-ecological spectrum. We find that a greater number of studies of both forms of violence focus on student and microsystem-level factors rather than on higher levels of the ecosystem including school boards, neighborhoods, and broader cultural norms. In addition, the research overwhelmingly identifies more risk factors than protective factors. Finally, we find more similarities than differences in risk and protective factors between the two forms of school-based violence. We identify implications of the findings for theory, research, and policy and suggest that preventing any form of harassment at school will benefit not only students but the entire school community. We argue that the causes of school-based harassment are complex and require comprehensive prevention, intervention, and response approaches that address shared risk and protective factors, particularly those at the community and mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem levels. Ultimately, we argue that all community stakeholders must be committed to and engaged in these endeavors for them to be successful.
The Impact of Task Context on Pleasantness and Softness Estimations: A Study Based on Three Touch Strategies
Authors: Gao Binyue , Yu Yinghua , Ejima Yoshimichi , Wu Jinglong , Yang Jiajia
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the two distinct perceptions (pleasantness and softness) of deformable stimuli with different degrees of compliance under conditions with and without a contextual task. Three tactile strategies—grasping, pinching, and pressing—were used to perceive the stimuli. In Experiment 1 (without a contextual task), participants estimated the perceived intensity of softness or pleasantness for each stimulus. In Experiment 2 (with a contextual task), the participants sequentially perceived two stimuli with different compliance levels and indicated which stimulus they perceived as softer and pleasant. The results showed that the psychophysical relationship between compliance and perceived softness was consistent across all tactile strategies in both experiments, with softness estimates increasing as compliance increased. However, the relationship between compliance and pleasantness differed between the two experiments. In Experiment 1, pleasantness estimates increased monotonically with increased compliance. However, in Experiment 2, across all tactile strategies, pleasantness began to decrease within the compliance range of 0.25–2.0 cm2/N, exhibiting an inverted U-shaped trend. These findings indicate that the relationship between compliance and pleasantness is task-dependent, particularly demonstrating significantly different trends when a contextual task is introduced. In contrast, the relationship between compliance and softness remained consistently monotonic.
Exploring the Intersection of ADHD and Music: A Systematic Review
Authors: Saville Phoebe , Kinney Caitlin , Heiderscheit Annie , Himmerich Hubertus
Published: January 2025

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting both children and adults, which often leads to significant difficulties with attention, impulsivity, and working memory. These challenges can impact various cognitive and perceptual domains, including music perception and performance. Despite these difficulties, individuals with ADHD frequently engage with music, and previous research has shown that music listening can serve as a means of increasing stimulation and self-regulation. Moreover, music therapy has been explored as a potential treatment option for individuals with ADHD. As there is a lack of integrative reviews on the interaction between ADHD and music, the present review aimed to fill the gap in research. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PsychInfo (Ovid), PubMed, and Web of Science. A narrative synthesis was conducted on 20 eligible studies published between 1981 and 2023, involving 1170 participants, of whom 830 had ADHD or ADD. The review identified three main areas of research: (1) music performance and processing in individuals with ADHD, (2) the use of music listening as a source of stimulation for those with ADHD, and (3) music-based interventions aimed at mitigating ADHD symptoms. The analysis revealed that individuals with ADHD often experience unique challenges in musical tasks, particularly those related to timing, rhythm, and complex auditory stimuli perception, though these deficits did not extend to rhythmic improvisation and musical expression. Most studies indicated that music listening positively affects various domains for individuals with ADHD. Furthermore, most studies of music therapy found that it can generate significant benefits for individuals with ADHD. The strength of these findings, however, was limited by inconsistencies among the studies, such as variations in ADHD diagnosis, comorbidities, medication use, and gender. Despite these limitations, this review provides a valuable foundation for future research on the interaction between ADHD and music.
A Case Study on Multi-Real-Option-Integrated STO-PF Models for Strengthening Capital Structures in Real Estate Development
Authors: Park Jung Kyu , Lee Jun Bok , Ahn Young Mee , Yoo Ga Young
Published: January 2025

This study examines the integration of multi-real-option valuation and security token offering (STO) as an innovative approach to real estate project financing. The case study of Aspen Resort Development serves to illustrate this methodology. The traditional discounted cash flow (DCF) method is frequently ill-suited to the dynamic and uncertain nature of long-term real estate projects, particularly in regard to the ability to adapt to market fluctuations. In order to address these limitations, this study employs a multi-real-option model with a binomial lattice framework, thereby facilitating flexible decision-making in various investment stages. The analysis demonstrates that the STO-based project financing (STO-PF) model offers enhanced financial performance and strategic advantages in comparison to the conventional DCF approach. Furthermore, the STO-PF model has the effect of increasing liquidity, expanding investment accessibility, and improving risk management through the utilization of digital platforms. By quantifying the project’s extended net present value (ENPV), the integration of STOs with real-options models can facilitate optimal investment decisions in the context of a high level of market volatility. Consequently, the STO-PF model is determined to yield a project value (E) of USD 7.34 million and a real-options value (ROV) of USD 3.69 million. This is markedly higher than the net present value (NPV) of USD 3.65 million derived from the traditional project finance (PF) model. Furthermore, the put option for the second investment stage contributes USD 16.45 million to the overall value of the project, thereby demonstrating the flexibility and strategic advantages of the STO framework in comparison to static NPV analysis. The Aspen project serves as a case study, demonstrating the financial viability of phased investments in dynamic market conditions. It contributes to the theoretical understanding of STO-based financing and provides practical insights for developers seeking flexible and innovative financing solutions in the real estate sector. Further research is required to confirm the applicability of STOs in diverse market environments and regulatory contexts. Additionally, in-depth research is necessary to integrate emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, into multi-real-option-based financial platforms. This integration aims to enhance financial modeling and decision-making processes, as well as to facilitate the integration of digital technologies in this field. Only then can the development and implementation of smart construction development advance.
Factors Driving Social Capital Participation in Urban Green Development: A Case Study on Green Renovation of Old Residential Communities Under Urban Renewal in China
Authors: Sun Guoshuai , Zhang Hengfu , Feng Jiao
Published: January 2025

Urban green development is crucial for citizen well-being and serves as a key pillar of sustainable development strategies. Collaborative governance mechanisms help address management, technical, and financial challenges in urban green development. The renovation of old residential communities within the context of urban renewal is becoming a focal point in the development of Chinese cities. To promote green development in the renovation of old residential communities in China, this study introduces the collaborative governance mechanism of government–social capital cooperation and identifies the factors influencing social capital participation in green development. A hybrid approach is proposed, combining grounded theory, IGAHP subjective weighting, CRITIC objective weighting, game theory, and ISM. This approach is applied to identify, evaluate, and analyze the factors driving social capital participation in the green renovation of old residential communities. The results indicate that government incentives and constraints, policy support, the costs and benefits of implementing green renovation, the development of green renovation technologies, and construction technical abilities significantly influence the decision-making of social capital. The findings provide theoretical support for decision-making by governments and social capital in participating in the green renovation of old residential communities and offer a methodological reference for analyzing social capital participation in other urban green development projects and for further policy formulation. Future research should focus on examining social capital involvement in other types of urban green development projects.
SORL1-Mediated EGFR and FGFR4 Regulation Enhances Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jiang Ziyan , Bi Fangfang , Ge Zhiping , Mansolf Miranda , Hartwich Tobias M. P. , Kolesnyk Viktoriia , Yang Kevin , Park Wonmin , Kim Dongin , Grechukhina Olga , Hui Pei , Kim Sang Wun , Yang-Hartwich Yang
Published: January 2025

Recurrent tumors that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy are a major challenge of ovarian cancer treatment. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance is critical for developing more effective targeted therapies for ovarian cancer. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of thirteen pairs of matching primary and recurrent ovarian cancers to identify genes that were upregulated in the recurrent tumors. Among these genes, we identified sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) and its role in promoting carboplatin resistance through regulating the stability of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibroblast growth receptor 4 (FGFR4) using ovarian cancer models in vitro and in vivo. We further identified that an anti-SORL1 antibody inhibited the pro-tumor functions of SORL1. Our data showed that a selective inhibitor of FGFR4, FGF401, can improve the therapeutic efficacy of carboplatin in a xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer. This study has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of targeting the SORL1/FGFR4 pathway to improve the chemoresponse of patients with recurrent and/or resistant ovarian cancer.
Osteopontin as a Biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Layton Georgia R. , Antoun Ibrahim , Copperwheat Alice , Khan Zaidhan Latif , Bhandari Sanjay S. , Somani Riyaz , Ng André , Zakkar Mustafa
Published: January 2025

Osteopontin (OPN) is a sialylated phosphoprotein highly expressed in atherosclerosis and upregulated in settings of both acute and chronic inflammation. It is hypothesised that plasma levels of OPN may correlate with the presence of coronary artery disease, “CAD”. This offers potential as a point-of-care testing biomarker for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prognosis. This review evaluates the current literature on the association between plasma OPN levels and coronary artery disease and what is currently known to support its potential as a biomarker for future practice. Electronic searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were undertaken from inception until July 2024. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were observational, with gross heterogeneity in methods used to analyse the association of plasma OPN with clinical characteristics. They included case series, case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort study designs. OPN has been linked to higher cardiovascular risk and unfavourable cardiovascular outcomes. However, the evidence regarding the direct assessment of CAD severity using tools like the SYNTAX or TIMI scores, which focus on anatomical complexity and risk factors, is less definitive. This suggests that OPN may be a more precise reflection of the inflammatory processes and atherosclerotic activity contributing to unfavourable outcomes rather than a direct indicator of the anatomical severity of CAD itself. Consequently, OPN is increasingly perceived as a marker of a poor prognosis rather than a tool for assessing the severity of coronary artery lesions.
Development of Novel Monolithic Catalyst for BTEX Catalytic Oxidation Using 3D Printing Technology
Authors: Car Filip , Gomzi Vjeran , Tomašić Vesna , Vrsaljko Domagoj , Kurajica Stanislav
Published: January 2025

Four differently shaped monolithic catalyst supports were made using 3D printing technology. Two catalytically active mixed oxides, MnFeOx and MnCuOx, were applied to the monolithic supports using the impregnation technique. Catalysts were characterized using an adhesion test, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy in a manner similar to the density functional theory model. Excellent mechanical stability of the catalyst layer was obtained, with catalyst mass loss under 2% after 30 min of ultrasound exposure. SEM analysis revealed that the catalyst layer was rough but homogeneous in appearance and ~6 μm thick. The presence of double oxides—FeMnO3 and CuMn2O4—as well as single oxides of Mn, Fe, and Cu was established via XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Additional theoretical calculations of Raman spectra for FeMnO3 and CuMn2O4 were performed in order to aid in the interpretation of Raman spectra. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of a gaseous mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene (BTEX) was investigated. The monolithic support with the most complex shape and, consequently, the greatest surface area proved to enable the highest efficiency, while both catalysts performed well having similar conversions.
Leptomeningeal Dissemination in Choroid Plexus Tumors: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Risk Factors
Authors: Nunes do Espirito Santo Daniel , Warmuth-Metz Monika , Monoranu Camelia-Maria , Hasselblatt Martin , Thomas Christian , Pietsch Torsten , Krauß Jürgen , Schweitzer Tilmann , Bison Brigitte , Eyrich Matthias , Kordes Uwe , Obrecht-Sturm Denise , Pham Mirko , Quenzer Annika
Published: January 2025

Background: Intracranial choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are rare and primarily affect young children. Leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) has been reported not only in high-grade choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) but also in lower histological grades; however, a systematic evaluation of CPT-specific imaging characteristics remains lacking. Methods: We analyzed the imaging characteristics of LMD in a single-center pediatric cohort of 22 CPT patients (thirteen choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), six atypical choroid plexus papilloma (aCPP), three CPC), comparing LMD features with those of the primary tumor. Additionally, we examined the correlation between resection status and LMD development during follow-up. Results: At diagnosis, we observed true LMD in three (two CPCs, one CPP) and pseudo-LMD in one case (CPP). During follow-up, two CPP patients developed cystic LMD, and one aCPP patient developed a solid metastasis. LMD had characteristics of the primary tumor in 3/4 cases. Incomplete resection was associated with a higher risk of LMD (p = 0.025). Conclusions: LMD can occur in both high- and lower-grade CPT, presenting at diagnosis as well as in relapsed lower-grade cases. Notable MR-imaging features include pseudo-LMD at diagnosis and cystic LMD in relapsed CPP cases. Incomplete tumor resection may increase the risk of LMD, although further validation is needed.
Editorial for Special Issue “Effects of Nanoparticles on Living Organisms 2.0”
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshitaka
Published: January 2025

This Special Issue provides an overview of the “Effects of Nanoparticles on Living Organisms 2 [...]
Role of Cannabis in the Management of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: A Narrative Review
Authors: Al-Husinat Lou’i , Obeidat Shrouq , Azzam Saif , Al-Gwairy Yara , Obeidat Fatima , Al Sharie Sarah , Haddad Deema , Haddad Fadi , Rekatsina Martina , Leoni Matteo Luigi Giuseppe , Varrassi Giustino
Published: January 2025

Chronic non-cancer pain, defined by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as lasting beyond three months, significantly affects individuals’ quality of life and is often linked to various medical conditions or injuries. Its management is complex. Cannabis, containing the key compounds Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), has garnered interest for its potential in pain management, though it remains controversial due to its psychoactive effects and illegal status in many countries. THC provides pain relief by blocking nociceptive stimuli but has psychoactive effects and may potentially induce dependency. CBD has calming and antipsychotic properties. The inhalation of cannabis offers quick relief but poses respiratory risks, while its oral administrations are safer but act more slowly. Short-term cannabis use can impair cognition and motor skills, while long-term use may lead to dependency and cognitive decline, especially if used from an early age. Adverse effects vary by gender and prior use, with addiction mainly linked to THC and influenced by genetics. Despite these risks, patients often report more benefits, such as improved quality of life and reduced opioid use, although the evidence remains inconclusive. The legal landscape for medical cannabis varies globally, with some positive public health outcomes like reduced opioid-related issues in areas where it is legalized. Cannabis shows promise in managing chronic pain, but its psychoactive effects and dependency risks necessitate cautious use. Future research should prioritize long-term clinical trials to establish optimal dosing, efficacy, and safety, aiding in the development of informed guidelines for safe cannabis use in chronic pain management. This review examines the use of cannabis in managing chronic non-cancer pain, focusing on its benefits, drawbacks, mechanisms, delivery methods, and impact on quality of life.
The Right to the Night City: Exploring the Temporal Variability of the 15-min City in Milan and Its Implications for Nocturnal Communities
Authors: Abdelfattah Lamia , Albashir Abubakr , Ceccarelli Giulia , Gorrini Andrea , Messa Federico , Presicce Dante
Published: January 2025

The needs of night communities and the barriers they face in accessing diverse urban amenities are underexplored in urban planning research. Focus is primarily given to the needs of cultural consumers, frequently overlooking the challenges faced by regular nighttime communities, including night workers. Through a GIS-based analysis, the aim of this research is to shed light on differences in accessibility to core urban services between day and night in the city of Milan. The spatiotemporal analysis was performed using a customized version of the 15-min City Score Toolkit, an open-source, Python-based proprietary tool developed to automate the 15 min access metric estimation. Proprietary Point-Of-Interest (POI) data that were retrieved, sorted and filtered from the Google Places API are used to simulate time-variant walkability maps based on opening hour information contained in the dataset. The research reveals significant differences in walkability potential, both in spatial and temporal terms, and highlights gaps in nighttime service availability. The work presents an innovation on the 15 min city approach that highlights the impact of 24-h urban rhythms on real walkability outcomes. The quality limitations of the Google data are extensively explored in the article, providing further insight into the replicability and scalability of the methodology for future research.
Morphology and Formation of Chrysanthemum-like Pearlite in 100Mn13 Steel During Aging Treatment
Authors: Liang Bo , Sun Jiaoyang , Ding Zhimin , Tian Rujin , Yan Feng
Published: January 2025

The morphology and microstructure of pearlite formed in 100Mn13 high-carbon high-manganese steel aged, respectively, at 525 °C and 650 °C after 1050 °C water toughening treatment were observed and analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that some pearlite colonies are chrysanthemum-like and are composed of M7C3 lamellae and ferrite lamellae, maintaining an orientation relationship (OR) of (3¯312)M7C3‖(0 2¯ 4)α, [4 0 1]M7C3‖[5 2 1]α. Moreover, the lamellae in pearlite colonies with chrysanthemum-like morphology are distributed in an emanative way, where there are protrusions and branches at the growth frontier. A growth physical model describing the growth process of chrysanthemum-like pearlite is proposed.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cervical Cancer Treated with Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Koca Timur , Gocen Vardar Nurcihan , Aksoy Rahmi Atıl , Korcum Aylin Fidan
Published: January 2025

Objective: Inflammatory biomarkers have been shown to possess both prognostic and predictive significance in various cancers. Among the emerging biomarkers, the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) has recently been introduced as a novel indicator representing both the immune response and the systemic inflammatory state. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the predictive value of inflammatory biomarkers on survival outcomes in cervical cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy. Methods: A total of 90 patients who had undergone chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer were included. Data on demographics, treatment protocols, pre-treatment blood parameters, and survival outcomes were collected. The association between inflammatory biomarkers and survival outcomes was investigated through univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The univariate analysis identified the following as predictors of progression-free survival (PFS): neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte–lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), PIV, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and tumor size. Multivariate analysis revealed that only the PIV significantly predicted PFS (HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.0 to 9.3, p = 0.04). In the univariate analysis, several variables were predictive of overall survival (OS), including NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, PIV, CRP, LDH, albumin, tumor size, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS). Multivariate analysis revealed CRP (HR 3.41, 95% CI 1.5 to 7.7, p = 0.003) and ECOG PS (HR 4.78, 95% CI 1.3 to 17.3, p = 0.01) predictive of OS, with PIV approaching statistical significance (HR 2.56, 95% CI 0.8 to 7.6, p = 0.09). Conclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the association between cervical cancer and various inflammatory biomarkers. Many of these biomarkers have demonstrated predictive value for survival outcomes in patients with cervical cancer undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy. Among the biomarkers evaluated, CRP and PIV were identified as the most predictive, warranting further exploration in future research.
Environmental Factors Affecting the Phytoplankton Composition in the Lake of Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Qinghuan , Xie Zijian , Li Chunhua , Ye Chun , Wang Yang , Ye Zishu , Wei Weiwei , Wang Hao
Published: January 2025

Due to the high altitude, unique geographical location, difficult accessibility and low temperature, the environmental factors influencing phytoplankton composition have rarely been investigated in the Selin Co Lake, which is the largest lake in the Tibetan Plateau. Phytoplankton composition can indicate aquatic ecosystem conditions, which may be sensitive to environmental factors in the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we investigated the main environmental factors that influence phytoplankton species in the Selin Co Lake by analyzing the spatial distribution and applying statistical analyses. We also compared the influential environmental factors in this lake with other lakes around the world. The results suggest that the eleven environmental variables can explain about 46.78% of the phytoplankton’s composition. DO and fluoride were the most significant environmental variables, followed by arsenic and COD, and the other variables had comparatively smaller and more insignificant influences on phytoplankton composition. There were five dominant phytoplankton species in the Selin Co Lake, namely, Microcystis sp., Navicula spp., Chlorella vulgaris, Ankistrodesmus falcatus, and Westella sp. Some of these dominant species were also found in other tropical lakes, suggesting that the phytoplankton community could adapt to environmental changes. A clear understanding of the influential environmental variables affecting phytoplankton composition could help us to make proper water quality protection strategies in future climate change scenarios.
Concurrent Viewing of H&E and Multiplex Immunohistochemistry in Clinical Specimens
Authors: Morrison Larry E. , Larrinaga Tania M. , Kelly Brian D. , Lefever Mark R. , Beck Rachel C. , Bauer Daniel R.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Performing hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on the same specimen slide provides advantages that include specimen conservation and the ability to combine the H&E context with biomarker expression at the individual cell level. We previously used invisible deposited chromogens and dual-camera imaging, including monochrome and color cameras, to implement simultaneous H&E and IHC. Using this approach, conventional H&E staining could be simultaneously viewed in color on a computer monitor alongside a monochrome video of the invisible IHC staining, while manually scanning the specimen. Methods: We have now simplified the microscope system to a single camera and increased the IHC multiplexing to four biomarkers using translational assays. The color camera used in this approach also enabled multispectral imaging, similar to monochrome cameras. Results: Application is made to several clinically relevant specimens, including breast cancer (HER2, ER, and PR), prostate cancer (PSMA, P504S, basal cell, and CD8), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (CD15 and CD30), and melanoma (LAG3). Additionally, invisible chromogenic IHC was combined with conventional DAB IHC to present a multiplex IHC assay with unobscured DAB staining, suitable for visual interrogation. Conclusions: Simultaneous staining and detection, as described here, provides the pathologist a means to evaluate complex multiplexed assays, while seated at the microscope, with the added multispectral imaging capability to support digital pathology and artificial intelligence workflows of the future.
Prevalence of Vitamin K2 Deficiency and Its Association with Coronary Artery Disease: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Ahmed Sameh A. , Yar Abdulaziz A. , Ghaith Anas M. , Alahmadi Rayan N. , Almaleki Faisal A. , Alahmadi Hassan S. , Almaramhy Waleed H. , Alsaedi Ahmed M. , Alraddadi Man K. , Ismail Hussein M.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Vitamin K2 analogs are associated with decreased vascular calcification, which may provide protective benefits for individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) by stimulating anti-calcific proteins like matrix Gla protein and adjusting innate immune responses. This study addresses a significant gap in understanding the association between serum levels of vitamin K2 analogs in different CAD types and examines their correlations with clinical risk parameters in CAD patients. Methods: This case–control study enrolled CAD patients and healthy controls to assess and compare serum concentrations of two vitamin K2 analogs including menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) via ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). CAD risk factors were evaluated and related to serum levels of vitamin K2 analogs. The CAD group was further subdivided into stable angina, STEMI, NSTEMI, and unstable angina groups to investigate potential differences in vitamin K2 analog levels. Results: Patients experiencing acute coronary syndrome exhibited notably reduced serum levels of MK-4 and MK-7 (1.61 ± 0.66, and 1.64 ± 0.59 ng/mL, respectively) in comparison to the control group (2.29 ± 0.54, and 2.16 ± 0.46 ng/mL, respectively), with MK-4 and MK-7 displaying stronger associations with CAD risk indicators. Notable variations in vitamin K2 analog levels were found between CAD patients and control groups (p < 0.001). Unstable angina patients showed the lowest serum levels of MK-4 and MK-7. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a higher prevalence rate of vitamin K2 deficiency among patients with CAD. The most pronounced decrease in MK-4 and MK-7 was observed in unstable angina patients. Moreover, these outcomes indicate the imperative requirement for an integrative approach that incorporates metabolic, lipid, and vitamin K2-related pathways in the risk stratification and management of CAD.
A Scoping Review of Eosinophilic Pneumonia and Antidepressants: An Association Not to Be Overlooked
Authors: Steiner Jaron , Steuernagel Leonie , Drakopanagiotakis Fotios , Bonelis Konstantinos , Steiropoulos Paschalis
Published: January 2025

Background: Eosinophilic pneumonias denote a rare condition, wherein infiltrating eosinophilic granulocytes accumulate within the lung parenchyma. Although eosinophilic pneumonias may be idiopathic, they are also associated with secondary causes. More than 110 medications have been linked to eosinophilic pneumonia, including several antidepressants. This review presents an analysis of case reports of eosinophilic pneumonia correlated to antidepressants. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to provide a contemporary overview of the literature delineating eosinophilic pneumonia as a potential sequela of antidepressant medication treatment, and to discuss possible pathogenetic mechanisms linking antidepressants to eosinophilic pneumonia. Methods and Data Selection: A literature search was performed in PubMed and Scopus databases from 1963 to October 2024. The search strategy used the terms “eosinophilic pneumonia AND antidepressants”. Sources included in this review were screened for relevance, focusing on references discussing eosinophilic pneumonia associated with any class of antidepressants. Case reports meeting the diagnostic criteria for acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) or chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP) were included in the review. Clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, radiology and bronchoscopy data, implicated antidepressant and dosage, and therapeutic interventions were reported. Results: This study found that various types of antidepressants are associated with AEP and CEP. The clinical presentation ranges from mild symptoms to respiratory failure and intubation. Outcomes were favorable in most cases, with complete remission achieved after discontinuation of the causative drug and, in severe cases, a short course of corticosteroids. Conclusions: Although a rare cause, antidepressants may lead to eosinophilic pneumonia, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained pulmonary infiltrates. Clinical suspicion must be aroused, as early recognition would prevent unnecessary work-up and navigation of the diagnosis.