bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning for fast simulation of seismic waves in complex media
Authors: Moseley Ben , Nissen-Meyer Tarje , Markham Andrew
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The simulation of seismic waves is a core task in many geophysical applications. Numerical methods such as finite difference (FD) modelling and spectral element methods (SEMs) are the most popular techniques for simulating seismic waves, but disadvantages such as their computational cost prohibit their use for many tasks. In this work, we investigate the potential of deep learning for aiding seismic simulation in the solid Earth sciences. We present two deep neural networks which are able to simulate the seismic response at multiple locations in horizontally layered and faulted 2-D acoustic media an order of magnitude faster than traditional finite difference modelling. The first network is able to simulate the seismic response in horizontally layered media and uses a WaveNet network architecture design. The second network is significantly more general than the first and is able to simulate the seismic response in faulted media with arbitrary layers, fault properties and an arbitrary location of the seismic source on the surface of the media, using a conditional autoencoder design. We test the sensitivity of the accuracy of both networks to different network hyperparameters and show that the WaveNet network can be retrained to carry out fast seismic inversion in the same media. We find that are there are challenges when extending our methods to more complex, elastic and 3-D Earth models; for example, the accuracy of both networks is reduced when they are tested on models outside of their training distribution. We discuss further research directions which could address these challenges and potentially yield useful tools for practical simulation tasks.
Mapping potential signs of gas emissions in ice of lake Neyto, Yamal, Russia using synthetic aperture radar and multispectral remote sensing data
Authors: Pointner Georg , Bartsch Annett , Dvornikov Yury A. , Kouraev Alexei V.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Regions of anomalously low backscatter in C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery of lake ice of lake Neyto in northwestern Siberia have been suggested to be caused by emissions of gas (methane from hydrocarbon reservoirs) through the lake's sediments before. However, to assess this connection, only analyses of data from boreholes in the vicinity of lake Neyto and visual comparisons to medium-resolution optical imagery have been provided so far due to lack of in situ observations of the lake ice itself. These observations are impeded due to accessibility and safety issues. Geospatial analyses and innovative combinations of satellite data sources are therefore proposed to advance our understanding of this phenomenon. In this study, we assess the nature of the backscatter anomalies in Sentinel-1 C-band SAR images in combination with Very High Resolution (VHR) WorldView-2 optical imagery. We present methods to automatically map backscatter anomaly regions from the C-band SAR data (40 m pixel-spacing) and holes in lake ice from the VHR data (0.5 m pixel-spacing), and examine their spatial relationships. The reliability of the SAR method is evaluated through comparison between different acquisition modes. The results show that the majority of mapped holes in the VHR data are clearly related to anomalies in SAR imagery acquired a few days earlier and also more than a month before, supporting the hypothesis of gas emissions as the cause of the backscatter anomalies. Further, a significant expansion of backscatter anomaly regions in spring is documented and quantified in all analysed years 2015 to 2019. Our study suggests that the backscatter anomalies might be caused by expanding cavities in the lake ice, formed by strong emissions of gas, which could also explain outcomes of polarimetric analyses of auxiliary L-band ALOS PALSAR-2 data. C-band SAR data is considered to be valuable for the identification of lakes showing similar phenomena across larger areas in the Arctic in future studies.
Clustering wind profile shapes to estimate airborne wind energy production
Authors: Schelbergen Mark , Kalverla Peter C. , Schmehl Roland , Watson Simon J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems harness energy at heights beyond the reach of tower-based wind turbines. To estimate the annual energy production (AEP), measured or modelled wind speed statistics close to the ground are commonly extrapolated to higher altitudes, introducing substantial uncertainties. This study proposes a clustering procedure for obtaining wind statistics for an extended height range from modelled datasets that include the variation in the wind speed and direction with height. K-means clustering is used to identify a set of wind profile shapes that characterise the wind resource. The methodology is demonstrated using the Dutch Offshore Wind Atlas for the locations of the met masts IJmuiden and Cabauw, 85 km off the Dutch coast in the North Sea and in the centre of the Netherlands, respectively. The cluster-mean wind profile shapes and the corresponding temporal cycles, wind properties, and atmospheric stability are in good agreement with the literature. Finally, it is demonstrated how a set of wind profile shapes is used to estimate the AEP of a small-scale pumping AWE system located at Cabauw, which requires the derivation of a separate power curve for each wind profile shape. Studying the relationship between the estimated AEP and the number of site-specific clusters used for the calculation shows that the difference in AEP relative to the converged value is less than 3 % for four or more clusters.
Project Management Practices and Performance of Women Economic Empowerment in Kiambu and Nairobi Counties, Kenya
Authors: Kaluai Faith Kathure , Muathe Stephen
Published: August 2020

The major concern regarding humanitarian program in the developing world is that they do not address the larger socio-economic challenges hence, not being sustainable. Even though, the application of project management practices in Africa shows positive project outcomes, the project management practices usage has been largely low. Hence, the study sought to determined the influence of project management practices on performance of Kenya’s Women and Girls Economic Empowerment program performance in Kiambu and Nairobi counties, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to determine the influence of stakeholder’s involvement, project planning, risk management and monitoring and evaluation on program performance. The study was anchored on the stakeholder theory, prospect theory, contingency theory and realistic evaluation theory. This study adopted a census research design. The population targeted were staff of the CARE’s Kenya’s Women and Girls Economic Empowerment program comprising of project managers, project coordinators, quality control officers, government officials and beneficiary representatives. Semi-structured questionnaire was adopted for data collection. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were utilized to analyze the quantitative data. The study revealed that risk management contributes the most to Performance of Kenya's Women and Girls Economic Empowerment Program followed by stakeholder involvement, Project Planning and monitoring and evaluation respectively. The study recommends that there is need to come up with more rigorous strategies for making sure that appropriate processes of monitoring and evaluation are adhered to. Further, the program needs to emphasize on risk management linked to empowerment of economy and make staff education on mitigation strategies its priority.
A Study of the Effects of Collaborative Writing on the Development of Chinese Senior High School Students’ Discourse Competence
Authors: Teng Xuan , Zhou Xinhui
Published: August 2020

Although writing is an important skill, the writings of many high school students in China in general lack cohesion and coherence. As the Chinese National English Curriculum Standards for High School (2017) mentioned, the cultivation of senior high school students’ discourse competence is of great importance. However, traditional teaching methods paid little attention to student writing at the discourse level. In recent years, collaborative writing has been introduced to writing classes, and most researchers examined its effect on students’ writing interests andwriting scores. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate whether collaborative writing has a positive effect on students’ discourse competence. Specifically, it seeks to explore the effect of collaborative writing on students’ textual cohesion and textual coherence.Students’ writing assignments were analyzed using Coh-Metrix 3.0. Their interaction was analyzed through the perspective of sociocultural theory. The results showed that collaborative writing effectively promoted senior high school students’ textual cohesion and coherence. It also mediated their co-construction of knowledge about discourse through peer-peer scaffolding, which led to higher level of discourse competence.
Endometriose de colo: a propósito um caso
Authors: Seixas João Alfredo , Silveira Filomena Aste , Alvim Marina Ramos , Gualberto Alexandre Ferreira , Leal Tâmisa Bastos , Zile Lettícia Fernandes
Published: August 2020

Introdução: A endometriose é uma das patologias ginecológicas mais observadas em mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Embora acometa com mais frequência os ovários, também pode ser observada no colo do útero. A endometriose cervical é uma condição benigna rara, geralmente um achado incidental ou retrospectivo nos laudos histopatológicos, com incidência relatada de 1,6‐2,4%. A maioria das pacientes com endometriose do colo do útero é assintomática. Os sintomas relatados com mais frequência são dismenorreia (60 a 80%), dor pélvica (30 a 50%) e infertilidade (30 a 40%). A irregularidade menstrual é referida por apenas 10 a 20% das pacientes. Esfregaços cervicais podem ser enganosos em casos de endometriose cervical. Objetivo: Acreditamos que a conscientização sobre a endometriose cervical pode minimizar as interpretações errôneas. Relato de Caso: Paciente de 53 anos, apresentando quadro de sangramento uterino anormal, com um episódio de internação hospitalar. Apresenta laudo de exame colpocitológico com lesão intraepitelial de alto grau e atipias de células glandulares. Na colposcopia, imagens sugestivas de alto grau. Submetida a conização por Stumdorf, com laudo histopatológico de endometriose de colo. Conclusão: Número substancial de pacientes relatado na literatura só apresentou resultados anormais de esfregaço ou foi diagnosticado durante a colposcopia ou por exames anatomopatológicos. A endometriose cervical normalmente está presente em pacientes submetidas a intervenções prévias no colo do útero, e o esfregaço cervical posterior pode ser interpretado erroneamente como lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau. Entretanto, também pode ser encontrada em pacientes que nunca foram submetidas a procedimentos traumatizantes na cérvice, como no nosso caso. A avaliação histopatológica é o melhor caminho para o diagnóstico definitivo. O manejo varia, dependendo da gravidade dos sintomas clínicos. Embora as pacientes assintomáticas não necessitem de tratamento, aquelas com sintomas persistentes devem ser tratadas. Contraceptivos orais e análogos podem ser tentados para se evitar a cirurgia. A excisão cirúrgica, o procedimento de excisão eletrocirúrgica com alça, a eletrocoagulação, a criocirurgia e a vaporização com laser de CO2 são opções cirúrgicas conservadoras para a endometriose cervical, sendo a histerectomia total o tratamento definitivo. A endometriose cervical deve ser diferenciada de outras lesões cervicais benignas ou malignas e deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial quando há sintomas ginecológicos, como hemorragia, sangramento pós-coito, dismenorreia ou dispareunia.
Dietary sodium chloride effect in Nile tilapia fed with fish meal-free diets
Authors: De Aguiar Natália C. , Dias Patrícia S. , Balen Rafael E. , Bombardelli Robie A. , Colpini Leda M. S. , Meurer Fábio
Published: August 2020

Aim of study: To evaluate the effect of the dietary NaCl level for Nile tilapia fingerlings.Area of study: Palotina sector of Federal University of Paraná, in southern Brazil.Material and methods: An experiment was carried using 750 Nile tilapia fingerlings (4.61 ± 0.09 g) distributed in 30 1,000-L circular tanks in a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replicates. NaCl was added to extruded fish meal-free diets at 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 (g/kg). After the experimental period, fish were submitted to a 24 h-fast and weighed. All data were submitted to an analysis of variance and Tukey’s test followed by Levene’s test and regression test, using the Statistica 7.0® software package.Main results: Fish fed the NaCl-free diet presented better growth performance (p<0.05) compared to the other diets. Linear decrease effects on final weight (y = 50.1754 – 0.1672x, r2 = 0.6984), specific growth rate (y = 45.5418 – 0.1688x, r² = 0.6966), weight gain (y = 4.9465 – 0.008x; r² = 0.6886) and apparent feed conversion (y = 0.7113 + 0.0043x; r² = 0.7655) were noted. Efficiency and apparent protein retention were better in the NaCl-free diet (p<0.05). Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed for fillet fat and crude protein content. Increasing NaCl levels led to significant decreases (p<0.05) in Nile tilapia fingerling protein efficiency rates (y = 3.7804 - 0.0116x; r² = 0.6549).Research highlights: Thus, NaCl should not be included in fish meal-free diets for Nile tilapia fingerlings.
Direct heat stress-induced effects on rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrients degradability in sheep pair-fed alfalfa hay
Authors: Mohamed-Ali Hassan S. , Abdoun Khalid A. , Samara Emad M. , Al-Badwi Mohamed A. , Okab Aly B. , Al-Haidary Ahmed A.
Published: August 2020

Aim of the study: To investigate the direct effect of heat stress on rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrients degradability of pair-fed rams to subsequently eliminate the confounding effects of dissimilar feed intake induced by heat stress exposure.Area of study: Saudi Arabia.Material and methods: Five rumen-cannulated desert rams (45 ± 1.63 kg body weight; 2–3 years of age) were placed individually in controlled climatic-chambers to be exposed to two successive periods. The 1st period was a control thermoneutral period (TN; 23.64 ± 0.14 °C; extended for 21 days) followed by a 2nd period of heat stress (HS; 44.26 ± 1.70 °C, for another 21 days). Each period was consisted of a temperature acclimation phase (7 days) and a data collection phase (14 days). Alfalfa hay was offered twice daily during both periods in a pair-fed manner (800 g DM per head and day).Main results: Exposing pair-fed desert rams to elevated ambient temperature had (p<0.05) elevated their respiration rate and skin temperature, without noticeable (p>0.05) changes in their rectal temperature. Most of the rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrients degradability were not affected by HS (p>0.05). However, exposure to HS increased (p<0.05) pre-feeding rumen total volatile fatty acids concentrations, pre-feeding molar proportion of acetate, and post-feeding rumen osmolality.Research highlights: HS had no direct effect on post-feeding rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrients degradability in desert sheep. This implies that strategic approaches to mitigate the adverse effects of HS have to be directed towards promoting feed intake and nutrients utilization under such conditions.
Improving the monitoring of corn phenology in large agricultural areas using remote sensing data series
Authors: Sifuentes-Ibarra Ernesto , Ojeda-Bustamante Waldo , Ontiveros-Capurata Ronald E. , Sánchez-Cohen Ignacio
Published: August 2020

Aim of study: Mexico's large irrigation areas demand non-structural actions to improve the irrigation service, such as monitoring crop phenology; however, its application has been limited by the large volumes of field information generated, diversity of crop management and climatic variability. The objective of this study was to generate and validate a methodology to monitor corn (Zea mays L.) phenology from the historical relationship of the vegetation indexes (VIs), EVI and NDVI, with the phenological development (PD) of corn grown in large irrigation zones.Area of study: Irrigation District (ID) 075 “Valle del Fuerte”, northern Sinaloa, Mexico.Material and methods: We used a database of 20 years of climate, field crop growth and crop phenology data, and Landsat satellite images. A methodology was proposed on a large scale supported with GIS and remote sensing data series.Main results: The methodology was validated in 19 plots with an acceptable correlation between observed PD and estimated PD for the two VIs, with slightly better values for EVI than for NDVI. NDVI and EVI models agreed with experimental PD observations in 92.1% of the farms used to validate the methodology, in 2.5% only the NDVI model coincided with the real, in 3.1% only the EVI model coincided, and in 2.3% both models disagreed with observation, generated a stage out of phase with respect to the real phenological stage.Research highlights: is possible to generalize the methodology applied to large irrigation zones with remote sensing data and GIS.
Feelgood Management in German SMEs and its Impacts on Employees’ Health, Satisfaction and Performance
Authors: Ungeheuer Lena , Nguyen Tristan
Published: August 2020

Feelgood Management is an emerging concept first applied in the German start-up scene in 2012. The approach is gaining popularity, even though the measurement is difficult and academic research is scarce. Accordingly, this study aims to close this research gap by answering the research question about the impact of Feelgood Management in German SMEs, especially on the employees’ heath, satisfaction and performance willingness. Our findings show that Feelgood Management is just emerging and faces several challenges, related to the ambiguous term that implies ridicule, the lack of standardization that is allowing various interpretations and opposition towards novelty. Despite being limited, due to the risk of bias and subjectivity that is natural for qualitative data collection along with the uni-dimensional perspective of solely Feelgood Managers, this study produces a valuable model of the influences on Feelgood Management and its impact on employee health, satisfaction and performance willingness.
Grammatical Errors Found in English Writing: A Study from Al-Hussein Bin Talal University
Authors: Alghazo Khitam Mohameed , Alshraideh Mohamed Khaliefah
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the frequent grammatical errors, found in the writings of Arab students’ taking English writing courses in AL-Hussein Bin Talal University Learners’ errors were considered positively as the best sources to identify students’ limitations in English writing. Therefore the present study intended to investigate the grammatical errors of Arab students’ writings in English in AL-Hussein Bin Talal University and to see if there are any differences in the grammatical errors according to year of study. To conduct this study data was collected from the writing sessions of writing classes that were taught during the fall semester of 2019. The data was collected, analyzed and categorized from students, all majoring in English Language and Literature and ranging from freshman to seniors. A Grammar test Questionnaire designed by the researchers was distributed to the students in these writing sessions. The results showed that the most frequent grammatical error was with the verb tense on a mean of (3.75), followed by errors in the article on a mean of (3.62), wrong word order on a mean of (3.57), noun ending on a mean of (3.40) and least was sentence structure on a mean of(3.39). The results also showed that the seniors on the grammar test on all its parts did better than the freshmen, juniors and sophomores that are the least problems were found among the seniors.
Investigation of Three-Tier Diagnostic and Multiple Choice Tests on Chemistry Concepts with Response Change Behaviour
Authors: Türkoguz Suat
Published: August 2020

This study aims to investigate the test scores of the three-tier diagnostic chemistry test (TDCT) and multiple choice chemistry test (MCCT) by response change behaviour (RCB). The study is a descriptive research study aiming to investigate the item response efforts of TDCT and MCCT in a computerized testing environment (Quizzer test program, QTP). In both TDCT and MCCT, QTP maintains a continuous record for each tier of the test. Participants in the study are students in the Science Education Department at the state university in the Aegean region of Turkey (n=115). The study was conducted in two groups: there were 58 students in Group 1 and 57 students in Group 2. In Group 1, a TDCT was used; in Group 2, an MCCT test was applied. Tests were distributed by random sampling between Group 1 and Group 2. The data were collected by adding a confirmation tier to the TDCT involving 44 items. The TDCT was applied to 115 pre-service teachers; the reliability coefficient of the test was found to be 0.72. SPSS and MS Excel programs were used to analyse the data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods. Considering the results obtained from the study, the rate of completing the test with RCB of test items for both tests is approximately 7–12 per cent. Another important consequence is that RCB does not provide an advantage or disadvantage in terms of scoring.
What did the Administrative Reform of 1999 Change? On the periodization of social assistance system development 1990–2020
Authors: Chaczko Krzysztof
Published: August 2020

The aim of this paper is to propose a periodization of the Polish welfare assistance system in the Third Polish Republic. Focusing on the organizational structure, the development of the welfare assistance system in the last thirty years has been described. Based on this, two stages of social assistance development are described. Stage 1 (1990–1999), was characterized by the organization of welfare assistance system in the form of a poorly developed vertical system. Stage 2 (1999–2020), is characterized by the organization of the welfare assistance system in the form of an extensive horizontal system.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA URBANA : O QUE ISSO SIGNIFICA? COMO MENSURAR?
Authors: Bhering Iracema Generoso de Abreu , Moraes Fernanda Borges de
Published: August 2020

A cidade do século XX tem como principal fato gerador as demandas do capital. Entretanto, a partir de sua expansão e adensamento, constata-se atualmente que, ironicamente, mesmo para o sistema produtivo, as cidades, tais como estão, representam um empecilho ao máximo rendimento do capital, levando-nos a crer que as cidades felizes talvez sejam melhores para as pessoas e, inclusive, para o sistema produtivo. Esse artigo explicita propostas metodológica para avaliação qualitative da qualidade de vida, com bases em indicadores de fatores censitários, públicos e advindos de questionários específicos.
Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Acute Poisoning in Children in a Referral Teaching Hospital in Iran, 2015 - 2018
Authors: Mohammadi Navid , Rastgoo Nafiseh , Esmaeil Zadeh Sohrab
Published: August 2020

Background: Poisoning is one of the most common medical emergencies in young children. Substantial differences in socioeconomic and cultural situations cause various epidemiological patterns of acute poisoning with different poisonous agents. Objectives: We aimed to determine the extent of pediatric poisoning in a referral teaching hospital in the center of Iran. Methods: The electronic database of Qods Children Hospital in Qazvin, Iran, was searched for children younger than 12 years old and referred for acute poisoning from 2015 to 2018. The cases (n = 184) were classified according to their age, gender, symptoms at the time of admission, the toxins, and their types. Results: The frequency of poisoning in boys was more than girls (M/F = 1.49). The mean age of the patients was 3.4 years, and the average length of stay in hospital was 1.3 days. Children poisoned with petroleum products had the highest average stay (3.10 days). Although more than 65 agents were identified as the poisoning agents, narcotics were the most common category (n = 62, 33.7%), and methadone was the most common agent in our study (n = 46, 25%). Central nervous system symptoms were recorded more than other signs and symptoms on admission or during the stay. Only two patients (1.1%) had been discharged with complications. Conclusions: With predominance for boys, most of the children had toxicity with medications. Methadone, other narcotics, and psychotropic medications were the most common agents that indicate a need for more severe control and education for prevention from poisoning in children.
Analysis of the Risk Factors for the Recurrence of Ischemic Stroke with Diabetes Mellitus and Establishment of Cox’s Regression Model and the Personal Prognosis Index in Two Years of Follow-Up
Authors: An Ya-Chen , Wang Yu-Xun , Jiang Yan-Ru , Li Yan-Zheng , Feng Jing-Yu , Shi Song-Xin , Chen Jing-Jun
Published: August 2020

Background: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of disability and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and diabetic stroke has a high recurrence rate. Objectives: This prospective cohort study aimed at investigating the risk factors and establishing Cox’s regression model and personal prognosis index for the recurrence of ischemic stroke at a two-year follow-up in T2DM patients. Methods: T2DM patients with ischemic stroke, who were consecutively admitted to the Neurology Department of North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. These cases were followed up since the onset of ischemic stroke for 2 years. Univariate and multivariate Cox’s proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze risk factors associated with the recurrence rate. Thus, a recurrence model and personal prognosis index were set up. Results: During the follow-up period, 44 cases relapsed. Furthermore, the 1-year recurrence rate was 16.48%, while the 2-year recurrence rate was 24.18%. The univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the independent risk factors associated with recurrence were TOAST criteria (X1) (RR = 1.663; 95% CI = 1.015 - 2.760, P = 0.032), hypertension grade (X2) (RR = 1.897; 95% CI = 1.097 - 3.280, P = 0.022), duration of diabetes mellitus (X3) (RR = 1.151; 95% CI = 1.009 - 1.991, P = 0.039), total cholesterol (X4) (RR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.006 - 1.876, P = 0.035), and Essen stroke risk score (ESRS) (X5) (RR = 2.055; 95% CI = 1.357 - 3.134, P = 0.001). The personal prognosis index of the recurrence model was as follows: PI = 0.504 X1 + 0.640 X2 + 0.345 X3 + 0.759 X4 + 0.823 X5. Conclusions: TOAST criteria, hypertension grade, duration of diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol, and ESRS were the independent risk factors associated with the recurrence of ischemic stroke with diabetes mellitus. The recurrence model and personal prognosis index equation were successfully established.
Trastornos de atracción sexual hacia animales: Clasificación diagnóstica basada en una revisión sistemática
Authors: Ferrari Mónica , Revollo Alicia , Cuellar Jésica , Manzanelli Fernanda , Valdi Ana Lía , Reyes Plazaola Paola , Díaz Videla Marcos
Published: August 2020

Sexual attraction towards animals disorder: Diagnostic classification based on a systematic review Abstract: Sexual intercourse between humans and animals has existed since the dawn of humanity in every place and culture of the world. Nevertheless, this issue has been scarcely approached by science. Given the wide differences in behavior and preferences among people who practice sex with animals, it is necessary to establish a subtypes classification. For this purpose, a systematic review of investigations was carried out that allowed us to select 26 empirical studies. Their analysis permitted to describe the group of Sexual Attraction Towards Animals disorder, comprising four differentiated disorders: (1) zoophilic disorder, (2) bestiality disorder, (3) sexual zoosadism, and (4) sexual attraction disorder towards animals due to medical or substance-induced illness. Additionally, the diagnostic criteria for each are proposed. Implications and limitations are discussed, as well as the value of having a classification of these disorders and the need to incorporate their study in the academic field. Keywords: Bestiality; disorders; paraphilias; zoophilia; zoosadism. Resumen: Las relaciones sexuales entre humanos y animales han existido desde los albores de la humanidad en todos los lugares y culturas del mundo. Sin embargo, han sido abordadas escasamente por la ciencia. Dadas las amplias diferencias en las conductas y preferencias entre quienes practican sexo con animales, se hace necesario establecer una clasificación de subtipos. Con ese propósito, se realizó una revisión sistemática de investigaciones que arrojó 26 estudios empíricos. El análisis de estos permitió describir el grupo de Trastornos por atracción sexual hacia animales, comprendiendo cuatro trastornos diferenciados: (1) trastorno zoofílico, (2) trastorno por bestialidad, (3) zoosadismo sexual, y (4) trastorno por atracción sexual hacia los animales debido a enfermedad médica o inducido por sustancias. Adicionalmente, se propusieron criterios diagnósticos para cada uno. Se discuten las implicancias y limitaciones, el valor de contar una clasificación de estos trastornos y la necesidad de incorporar su estudio en el ámbito académico. Palabras clave: Bestialismo; parafilias; trastornos; zoofilia; zoosadismo.
The Effectiveness of COVID-19 Countermeasure Policy Implementation in Seven ASEAN Countries
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Sulistiadi Wahyu
Published: August 2020

Abstract. COVID-19, which has spread to almost all countries in the world, force country's leaders to issue COVID-19 countermeasures policy that is the most effective and suitable for their country. The various ways to implement the policy depend on the COVID-19 impact that arises in the country. This study describes the implications of national policies related to COVID-19 case fatality rates up to 29 April 2020 in 7 ASEAN countries. We use analytical descriptive method on COVID-19 data that has been published in online media. The achievement on the implementation of national policy in overcoming COVID-19 in some countries provide new perspectives for all other countries in maintaining and improving relations between the government and its citizens to implement the most effective way in reducing mortality (Case Fatality Rate).
Underground isoleucine biosynthesis pathways in E. coli
Authors: Cotton Charles AR , Bernhardsgrütter Iria , He Hai , Burgener Simon , Schulz Luca , Paczia Nicole , Dronsella Beau , Erban Alexander , Toman Stepan , Dempfle Marian , De Maria Alberto , Kopka Joachim , Lindner Steffen N , Erb Tobias J , Bar-Even Arren
Published: August 2020

The promiscuous activities of enzymes provide fertile ground for the evolution of new metabolic pathways. Here, we systematically explore the ability ofE. colito harness underground metabolism to compensate for the deletion of an essential biosynthetic pathway. By deleting all threonine deaminases, we generated a strain in which isoleucine biosynthesis was interrupted at the level of 2-ketobutyrate. Incubation of this strain under aerobic conditions resulted in the emergence of a novel 2-ketobutyrate biosynthesis pathway based upon the promiscuous cleavage ofO-succinyl-L-homoserine by cystathionine γ-synthase (MetB). Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate formate-lyase enabled 2-ketobutyrate biosynthesis from propionyl-CoA and formate. Surprisingly, we found this anaerobic route to provide a substantial fraction of isoleucine in a wild-type strain when propionate is available in the medium. This study demonstrates the selective advantage underground metabolism offers, providing metabolic redundancy and flexibility which allow for the best use of environmental carbon sources.
Responding to preconditioned cues is devaluation sensitive and requires orbitofrontal cortex during cue-cue learning
Authors: Hart Evan E , Sharpe Melissa J , Gardner Matthew PH , Schoenbaum Geoffrey
Published: August 2020

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is necessary for inferring value in tests of model-based reasoning, including in sensory preconditioning. This involvement could be accounted for by representation of value or by representation of broader associative structure. We recently reported neural correlates of such broader associative structure in OFC during the initial phase of sensory preconditioning (Sadacca et al., 2018). Here, we used optogenetic inhibition of OFC to test whether these correlates might be necessary for value inference during later probe testing. We found that inhibition of OFC during cue-cue learning abolished value inference during the probe test, inference subsequently shown in control rats to be sensitive to devaluation of the expected reward. These results demonstrate that OFC must be online during cue-cue learning, consistent with the argument that the correlates previously observed are not simply downstream readouts of sensory processing and instead contribute to building the associative model supporting later behavior.
Giant cell tumor stromal cells: osteoblast lineage-derived cells secrete IL-6 and IL-10 for M2 macrophages polarization
Authors: Yang Kuan , Bao Lihui , He Xiaoning , Zhao Wanmin , Fei Dongdong , Li Bei , Xue Yang , Dong Zhiwei
Published: August 2020

Background

The giant cell tumor (GCT) is a benign tumor which consists of three types cells: mononuclear histiocytic cells (MNHCs), multinuclear giant cells (MNGCs), and GCT stromal cells (GCTSCs). Numerous studies claim that GCTSCs have mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) characters and play an important role in osteoclastogenesis; however, there are no research studies concerning macrophage polarization among GCT, which can be regarded as an ingredient for tumor aggression.

Method

We tested the effect of GCTSCs from three GCT samples which were collected from patients on proliferation, apoptosis and polarization of macrophage.

Result

In this article, we verified that GCTSCs expressed MSCs markers and had higher proliferation and relative lower differentiation abilities compared with BMMSCs. What’s more, we found a higher proportion of M2 macrophages among neoplasm. Co-culturing GCTSCs with macrophages resulted in prominent macrophage M2 polarization and increased the release of IL-6 (Interleukin-6) and IL-10 (Interleukin-10)from GCTSCs. In conclusion, GCTSCs, as originating from MSCs, can secret IL-6 and IL-10, which may play a significant role in macrophage M2 polarization.
Epibiont hydroids on beachcast Sargassum in the Mexican Caribbean
Authors: Mendoza-Becerril María A. , Serviere-Zaragoza Elisa , Mazariegos-Villarreal Alejandra , Rivera-Perez Crisalejandra , Calder Dale R. , Vázquez-Delfín Erika F. , Freile-Pelegrín Yolanda , Agüero José , Robledo Daniel
Published: August 2020

Massive accumulations of pelagic species of Sargassum have generated recent social, economic and ecological problems along Caribbean shores. In the Mexican Caribbean, these events have prompted the study of diverse biological and ecological aspects of these macroalgae. However, studies on their associated biota, including Hydrozoa, remain scarce. This research provides important species observations in an area where data is lacking. The occurrence and percent cover of hydroids on Sargassum thalli collected on the beach at Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico from April 2018 to March 2019 was studied. Three pelagic species and morphotypes of Sargassum from this area were analyzed: Sargassum fluitans III, S. natans I and S. natans VIII, as well as a benthic species, S. polyceratium var. ovatum. A total of 14 taxa of hydroids, belonging to the superorders “Anthoathecata” and Leptothecata, were identified. In our study, more hydroid taxa were observed on axes of the different species of Sargassum than on leaves or aerocysts. In general, the greatest species richness of hydroids was observed from February to April. Results show that live hydrozoans attached to pelagic Sargassum are transported into the area. This should be considered in future management measures that address the recurring coastal abundance of Sargassum and its associated biota in the Caribbean region.
Effectiveness of Different Bubble Size of Aeration to Survival and Growth Rate of Pangas Catfish Larvae, Pangasius nasutus
Authors: Noer Irfan , Satriawan Rafi , Iskandar . , Bangkit B. S. Ibnu , Rosidah .
Published: August 2020

This research was conducted at the fish fry center in Tasikmalaya City, Jl. Kadupugur No. 42 Kota Tasikmalaya. The research was done from November 2019 until February 2020. This research is carried out to determine the survival rate and growth of pangas catfish larvae up to the age of 22 days. Old with different bubble sizes of aeration stone the pangas catfish larvae used was 600 fingerlings that are spread evenly into 12 aquariums with four treatments each replicated three times using a completely randomized design (CRD). The parameters observed are survival rate, growth rate (weight and length), and water quality. The results showed that the aquarium with aerator ASB05 is the most effective treatment in influencing the productivity of pangas catfish larvae. The survival rate is 99.3%, the absolute length is 14.81mm and the absolute weight is 40.1 g. whereas the water quality of each treatment is still within the SNI quality standard (2000) with dissolved oxygen level is 5.40 mg/L.
Mangrove Ecosystem Connectivity Based on Oceanographic System in Biawak Island, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Salsabilla Alvinkan V. , Purba Noir P. , Syamsudin Mega L. , Faizal Ibnu , Fitriadi Candra A.
Published: August 2020

This research aims to determine the ecosystems connectivity by observing the distribution of inter-island mangrove propagules in the territorial waters of Biawak Island. The data used are wind, tidal, and bathymetry of 2018. They are modeled according to the propagules’ weight and the particle trajectory module. The results showed that the entire propagules (Rhizopora sp, Sonneratia sp, and Brugueira sp) dominantly moved to the west and southeast. They are carried by the currents that are influenced by the west and east monsoon. The propagules of Rhizopora sp moves from east to southeast, Sonneratia sp moves from east to south, and propagules Brugueira sp moves from west to north. In addition to oceanographic factors, other parameters that can influence the pattern of propagules movement is the propagule’s mass; the lighter it is, the easier it is to be carried away.
Parameterization and Forecasting of Childhood Pneumonia Model Using Least Square Approximation, Lagrange Polynomial and Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Ngari Cyrus Gitonga , Kitavi Dominic Makaa
Published: August 2020

Despite a study by [1] proposing a simple model of under five years pneumonia, doubt lingers regarding its reliability, sufficiency and validity. The research question is whether the model is valid for use or not?  The objectives of this study were to: incorporate exit rate from under five-year age bracket in the model, use Kenya data to parameterize the model, taking into account the uncertainties and finally to predict the dynamics of pneumonia. The model was rescaled through nondimensionalization. Data was fitted using theory of general solutions of nonlinear Ordinary differential equations, numerical differentiation using Lagrange polynomials and least square approximation method. Uncertainties due to disparities and round off errors were simulated using Monte Carlo simulation. Predictions of dynamics of pneumonia were carried out using MATLAB inbuilt ode solvers. Excel software was used to predict dynamics of discrete ordinary differential equations and to fit data. The basic reproduction number (  and effective reproduction number ( ) were obtained as  Iteration of uncertainties on R was carried out 1000 times by Monte Carlo simulation. The maximum and minimum R were obtained as 90 and 55, respectively. Using MATLAB software and effective reproduction number, the ratio of infective class to the total population and the ratio of class under treatment to the total population will remain constant at 0.095 and 0.2297 respectively for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023. Research result indicted that it is more effective and efficient to use effective reproduction number ( ) than basic reproduction number (  in mathematical modelling of Infectious diseases whenever study focuses on proportion of population. On basis of large absolute errors in fitting data to model, findings cast doubt on model formulation and/or observed data.
The Anthropocene Dialogues on Climate Change to Human Health of Homosapiens in India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Mishra Saswat , Siddique Mohammad
Published: August 2020

The Anthropocene has succeeded the 11700 years old Holocene epoch from 1945. Biological annihilation about 6th mass extinction from Holocene to present is well marked but less documented though the human dominance over bio-geo-hydro spheres has been established. IUCN is the footage of the floral/ faunal species from mammals to microorganisms.  Many natural disasters, killer IAS and pandemic viruses are targeting human immune system. The 21st century virulent diseases are the HIV/AIDS, SARS, MERS, Swine flu. Corona viruses are not novice whereas COVID-19 viruses are mutation of old corona viruses. It is necessary to study the COVID-19 as one of the players of the 6th Mass extinction. Present work envisages the 6th mass extinction processes in India from the Holocene to present epoch. There is gradual endangering the aboriginal species, pathogens and viral species. The geospatial extinction process of 1200 years gathered from different sources and synchronized in the India’s time frame. The present outbreak of the killer COVID-19 has triggered threat to very human existence in mid latitudes affecting 5.0 millon and fatalities 325K people over 215 countries and two ships in the globe and 101 thousand confirmed cases and 3.3K people in India (till 20.05.2020).The pandemic has paralyzed the human’s social, economic, political activities and deteriorated world economy since last four months. The viral invasion is geospatially delimiting the climate change, extreme events, economy, sociology and mass immunity of the vibrant urban demography.
Influence of Osmotic Dehydration and Method of Drying on the Quality of Aonla Fruit
Authors: Ganachari Ambrish , Mathad P. F. , Reddy Mallikarjun , Nidoni Udaykumar
Published: August 2020

Osmotic dehydration of aonla fruit was carried out to determine the Influence of osmotic solution and method of drying on the quality of aonla fruit. The destined aonla fruits with and without blanching were immersed in the mixture of salt and sugar solution. The salt concentration of the osmotic solution was kept constant (100 g) and the sugar concentrations were varied to bring the concentrations to 35, 45 and 55°B maintaining a fruit to syrup ratio of 1:3 by weight. The observations were recorded to study the influence of osmotic solution and time on water loss and solid gain. The subsequent drying was carried in hot air and vacuum driers at 50±5°C to a safe storage moisture level of 0.35 kg of water per kg of dry matter. The results showed the maximum water loss of 48.55% recorded for blanched fruit osmosed at 55°B and the minimum (27.61%) in unblanched fruit osmosed at 35°B. The solid gain was observed to be maximum (23.4%) in the blanched fruit compared to unblanched fruit (9.94%) at respective concentrations. Subsequent drying showed that drying was in falling rate and time taken was higher for untreated compared to treated. The blanching and method of drying had a significant effect on the quality of fruit. Colour was found better (Bright greenish-yellow) in blanched vacuum dried fruit followed by unblanched vacuum dried. The maximum amount of ascorbic acid was noticed in the freshly vacuum dried fruit (1780.2 mg/100 g) compared to osmosed fruits (534.8 to 1369.6 mg/100 g). Total sugar was found maximum in the osmosed vacuum dried fruit (82.2%) fruit compared to fresh once (24.6%) but the drying method had no significant effect on the retention of sugars.  The mean scores for sensory showed that overall acceptability was higher for blanched vacuum dried fruit followed by unblanched vacuum dried fruits.
Die Attach Pre-bond Inspection Innovation for Roughened Leadframe
Authors: Capili Michael D.
Published: August 2020

This paper studies the challenges and behavior of epoxy material between the roughened Leadframe during the Die Attach process. Die bond on the roughened die-attach paddle (DAP) of epoxy has been a challenge for its manufacturability in terms of maintaining the target epoxy volume. The study on the roughened Leadframe utilizing the Pre-bond inspection parameter causing machine inspection cannot fully detect the epoxy pattern. The uneven contrast of pad’s, causing pre-bond inspection problem. Hard to teach / set-up epoxy inspection due to the contrast between leadframe die pad vs. epoxy. The roughened leadframe property has different surface contrast causing Frequent “Bond Align” and epoxy inspection error on the Roughen leadframe. This occurrence leads to risks of insufficient epoxy which is detrimental to product reliability (delamination on die bottom) and can cause manufacturing yield loss due to insufficient epoxy coverage. Using the Design of Experiment (DOE) methodology and its applicable statistical tools, the author to come up with error-proofing solutions to resolve and reduce the Insufficient Epoxy. The innovative and breakthrough solutions implemented were the installation of ultra-bright light with double sidelights in pre-bond inspection which is the key in reducing defects rate.
The Relationship between Exercise and Medication in Preventing Severe forms of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Hagiu Bogdan-Alexandru
Published: August 2020

Prophylaxis of severe forms of COVID-19 infection can be achieved by exercising, especially endurance, which stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and improves their functionality, these organelles having a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Some drugs and supplements that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis through exercise (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), ω3 fatty acids, vitamin C, zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid, magnesium, MitoQ) and others that inhibit it (acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, acetaminophen).
Residue Analysis of Oxytetracycline in Milk Sample by Two Different Chromatographic Methods and Determination of Ionization Constant Values
Authors: Sardoğan Seyfi , Şanlı Senem , Sardoğan Barış , Atalay Barış
Published: August 2020

In the present study, two analytical methods for the residue analysis of oxytetracycline in milk sample have been generated. In HPLC method, the analysis was performed on an X Terra RP-18 column at 25 °C with the mobile phase as methanol: water (20 : 80 )(v/v) modified to pH 5. For the second method capillary electrophoresis system was used. The analysis of oxytetracycline in milk sample could be achieved without using organic modifier in a 58 cm length capillary at a working voltage of 12 kV with 20 mM NaH2PO4-H3PO4 (pH 7) by capillary electrophoresis. Tetracycline was used as internal standard in both methods. The results calculated from both methods were compared to each other. The calculated data for drugs was checked with the data predicted by the SPARC on-line pKa estimator.