bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Optical Gain Through Efficient Polaron Pairs Recombination in F8xBTy
Authors: Huang Yongjie , Wei Qi , Jiang Yi , Tam Hoi Lam , Li King Fai , Jia Zhan‐Bo , Yan Yu , Sun Chen , Li Mingjie , Wong Man Shing , Cheah Kok Wai
Published: December 2024

Organic semiconductors combine excellent optoelectronic properties with simple fabrication to obtain the desired features by tuning their chemical structures. Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) is in designing blended gain media, but it does not enhance efficient optical gain in most cases. This is due to the competition between polaron pairs and stimulated emission (SE), leading to quenching of SE. Thus a challenge to design efficient optical gain systems via FRET. Here, a series of copolymers, F8xBTy, through uniformly inserting benzothiadiazole (BT) units into the 9,9‐dioctylfluorene (F8) chain, were synthesized. They consist of both charge transfer (CT) and FRET is synthesized. These copolymers can prevent the local F8 aggregation and lead to efficient polaron pair recombination into singlet excitons. The F8 excitons are thus spatially confined, increasing efficient SE. Efficient light amplification has low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) thresholds (as low as 5.3 µJ cm−2) and significantly enhanced optical gain with gain coefficients up to 37 cm−1. The distributed feedback (DFB) lasers has low lasing thresholds down to 5.4 nJ per pulse. The results suggest that these copolymers provide a organic gain media design strategy with efficient optical gain, introducing a new approach to developing laser materials for electrically pumped lasers.
Bio‐Inspired Giant Refractive Index Gradient Lenses Based on Ionic Polymers
Authors: Statsenko Tatiana G. , Ermolaev Georgy A. , Gets Dmitry , Kolchanov Denis S. , Chernyshev Ivan Yu , Polezhaev Alexander V. , Eliseev Igor E. , Ukleev Victor , Stahn Jochen , Taradin Alexey S. , Arsenin Aleksey V. , Makarov Sergey V. , Vinogradov Alexandr V. , Morozova Sofia M. , Volkov Valentyn S.
Published: December 2024

Transparent polymers are low‐cost, light, and flexible, making them prospective for a plethora of applications. Still, their usage in photonics is impeded by a low refractive index, usually less than 1.7. In this work, an alternative strategy is proposed for improving optical characteristics by developing poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) with a gradient refractive index (GRIN) in thin films. The obtained PILs are transparent, environmentally friendly, and possess the GRIN effect in thin films. Inspired by the architecture of the animal's eye, PILs are employed for inkjet fabrication of microlenses with a giant GRIN value of 0.8, which is up to several times higher than that in previous studies on nanolayered polymeric and 3D printed GRIN lenses. Furthermore, in terms of focusing power, lens transparency, and depth of field, these microlenses outperform the result of high refractive index polymers. Hence, the findings open a novel platform for compact optical components based on new types of ionic polymers.
Independent Multiple‐Optical‐Parameter Modulations Enabled by Manipulating the Separate Levels of a Hierarchical Structure
Authors: Ouyang Cheng , Chen Quan‐Ming , Xie Zhi‐Yao , Xu Chun‐Ting , Wang Qi‐Guang , Zheng Zhi‐Gang , Luo Dan , Lu Yan‐Qing , Hu Wei
Published: December 2024

Owing to their intrinsic multiple physical dimensions and high parallelism, photons are superior to electrons when they act as information carriers. The independent and dynamic spatial modulations of multiple optical parameters of light are highly pursued in vital fields such as supercomputing, constellation satellite and optical communications, virtual/augmented reality, and holographic displays. To date, it is still challenging to accomplish this urgent task with a single element. Here, multiple optical parameter modulations are carried out via manipulation of the separate levels of a hierarchical structure. Photopatterning, light irradiation, and an electric field are adopted to regulate the patterned crystallizations, lattice constants, and tilt angles of blue‐phase liquid crystals (BPLCs). As the optical parameters are associated with the individual structural features, it enables binary reflectance and spatial geometric phase modulations, reversable wavelength shifting, and continuous reflectance variations with excellent independency. This work unlocks the multi‐degree modulation of light and addresses the miniaturization, integration, and dynamic and multifunctional tendencies of rapidly growing optical informatics. Owing to its merits of omnidirectional, independent control, and dynamic response, it may dramatically upgrade the performance of existing optics.
Introducing Methoxy Functionality to Modulate the Lead Halide Dimensionality in Robust Metal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Broadband Emission
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Li Yukong , Sun Chen , Li Dongyang , Peng Chengdong , Fei Honghan
Published: December 2024

Achieving hybrid lead halides with high stability and tunable dimensionality is essential for advancing their optoelectronic applications. While numerous studies have investigated ligand functionality to modulate lead halide dimensionality and enhance photoluminescence (PL) efficiency, most efforts remain limited to labile, ionically bound structures with stability issues. Herein, two new members of lead halide‐based metal–organic frameworks are successfully synthesized by employing dimethoxy‐functionalized benzenedicarboxylate acid (2,5‐dmbdcH2) as a bridging linker. This functionalization increases steric hindrance, effectively isolating 1D lead halide chains into 0D lead halide units. The 0D [Pb4X2]6+ (X = Cl, Br) cluster‐type units, are coordinatively linked by 2,5‐dmbdc to form two robust 3D frameworks, Pb4X2(2,5‐dmbdc)3. The structural deformation of the 0D lead halide units enhances photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of broadband emissions, increasing from 1.5–8.0% for TMOF‐5 to 33.4–34.6% for TMOF‐15, while maintaining excellent long‐term photostability and environmental durability. Mechanistic studies reveal that the strong interaction between charge carriers and phonons within the deformable [Pb4X2]6+ clusters promotes the formation of self‐trapped excitons (STEs), leading to the enhanced broadband emission observed in TMOF‐15. This work presents an effective linker‐functionalization strategy for synthesizing lead halide MOFs with both high stability and excellent PL performances.
Effects of Graphene Quantum Dots on Renal Fibrosis Through Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Restoring Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
Authors: Kim Kyu Hong , Park Jong Bo , An Jung Nam , Bae Gaeun , Kim Kyu Hyeon , Park Seong Joon , Jung Youngjin , Kim Yong Chul , Lee Jung Pyo , Lee Jae Wook , Kim Dong Ki , Kim Yon Su , Hong Byung Hee , Yang Seung Hee
Published: December 2024

Podocyte injury and proteinuria in glomerular disease are critical indicators of acute kidney injury progression to chronic kidney disease. Renal mitochondrial dysfunction, mediated by intracellular calcium levels and oxidative stress, is a major contributor to podocyte complications. Despite various strategies targeting mitochondria to improve kidney function, effective treatments remain lacking. This study investigates the potential of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in mitigating renal fibrosis and elucidates their underlying mechanisms. In animal models of Adriamycin‐induced nephropathy and 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy, GQDs treatment exhibits anti‐inflammatory, anti‐fibrotic, and anti‐apoptotic effects by restoring podocyte actin structure. These therapeutic benefits are associated with the downregulation of transient receptor potential channel 5 (TRPC5) activity, which is related to kidney fibrosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In vitro, GQDs suppress TRPC5, enhancing anti‐fibrotic and anti‐apoptotic effects by lowering calcium levels under oxidative stress and mechanical pressure. Anti‐oxidative and anti‐senescent effects are also confirmed. Most significantly, transcriptomics and electron microscopy analyses reveal that GQD treatment enhances mitochondrial respiration‐related gene profiles and improves mitochondrial cristae morphology. These findings suggest that GQDs are a promising therapeutic nanomaterial for renal cell damage, capable of modulating calcium‐dependent apoptosis associated with mitochondrial injury, potentially slowing fibrosis progression.
Tailoring Dynamic Synaptic Plasticity in FeTFT Optoelectronic Synapse for Associative Learning
Authors: Yang Peng , Xu Hui , Luo Xiaopeng , Yu Shihao , Liu Yang , Zhang Yefan , Guo Xu , Song Bing , Li Zhiwei , Liu Sen , Li Qingjiang
Published: December 2024

Neuromorphic hardware with dynamic synaptic plasticity presents fascinating applications in advanced artificial intelligence. However, the development of low‐cost, CMOS (Complementary Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor)‐compatible, and dynamically tunable synaptic devices is still nascent. Notably, the spontaneous polarization of hafnium oxide‐based ferroelectric materials, combined with the persistent photoconductivity effect of indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) semiconductors, provide a potential solution. In this paper, a novel optoelectronic synaptic device based on ferroelectric thin‐film transistors (FeTFTs) is proposed to achieve dynamic synaptic plasticity through the co‐modulation of light and electrical signals, which can effectively adjust the dynamic range of synaptic weights and emulate complex biological behaviors. The effective dynamic synaptic plasticity of FeTFTs is quantified under different light power intensities and verified through the emulation of complex biological behavior, such as classical conditioning experiments and environmental adaptive behavior. Furthermore, a 3 × 3 FeTFT array is constructed to demonstrate its potential applications in memory functions. This CMOS‐compatible optoelectronic synaptic device with dynamic synaptic plasticity provides a robust hardware foundation for the future development of artificial intelligence, enabling it to adapt to more complex environments and perform tasks efficiently.
Interfacial Challenges of Halide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Tan Yuan , Beltran Matthew , Ke Jiaqi , Zhang Jiayi , Choi Junghyun , Zhou Yue , Cho Kyeongjae , Lee Dongsoo , Su Laisuo
Published: December 2024

As the demand for high energy density and battery safety grows, all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have garnered considerable attention as promising energy storage systems by removing flammable liquid electrolytes (LEs). Cutting‐edge sulfide inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) such as Li10GeP2S12 and Li6PS5Cl have shown high Li+ conductivity comparable to those of LEs. However, the narrow electrochemical stability windows of sulfide ISEs hinder the development of high‐energy density ASSBs with severe interfacial challenges. Recently, halide ISEs such as Li3YCl6 and Li3InCl6 are attracting increasing attention because of their high Li+ ion conductivity, excellent thermal stability, and high oxidative stability above 4 V. These properties are crucial to developing ASSBs with high energy density, and exceptional cycle and rate performances when employing high‐voltage cathode materials. Nevertheless, recent studies have identified severe interfacial challenges in ASSBs utilizing halide ISEs. Moreover, the safety of ASSBs is assumed to be better than conventional LE batteries but studies find the opposite conclusion when certain types of ISEs are employed, which can be attributed to products from side reactions at the interfaces. The objective here is to summarize the interfacial challenges associated with halide ISEs‐based ASSBs that will guide the development of high‐performance and safe ASSBs.
High‐Performing Perovskite/Ruddlesden‐Popper Fuel Electrode for High‐Temperature Steam Electrolysis
Authors: Alizad Farzin Yousef , Khoshkalam Mohamad , Guo Siyuan , Menesklou Wolfgang , Röse Philipp , Weber André
Published: December 2024

Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) oxides have emerged as a promising alternative to Ni cermet electrodes for high‐temperature steam electrolysis due to their superior oxide ion mobility and conductivity. Combining RP with perovskite (P) can provide superior electrocatalytic activity toward hydroxide oxidation and reduction reaction, driving higher efficiency in solid oxide cells (SOC). This work provides a novel approach to enhancing SOC performance by employing A‐site Ce‐substituted Sr0.6Pr0.4‐xCexMnO3 (x = 0.1‐0.3) electrodes, investigating their phase evolution, crystal properties, and cation oxidation states under oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. X‐ray diffraction analysis of heat‐treated powder in a reducing atmosphere revealed forming mixed P and RP structures at 600–800 °C for x = 0.1 and 0.2, which provides excellent conductivity and electrocatalytic activity. Consequently, outstanding cell performance is achieved, with low polarization resistances of 0.053 ± 0.004 Ω cm2 at 800 °C. The voltage response at different current densities in an electrolyte‐supported cell revealed a high power density of 1.084 W cm−2 in fuel cell operation and a current density of 1.00 A cm−2 at the thermoneutral voltage at 850 °C in steam electrolysis. Moreover, a low overpotential degradation rate of 45 mV kh−1 demonstrated the remarkable potential of the SPCM electrode as a promising Ni‐free candidate for SOC application.
Data‐Driven Innovation in Metal‐Organic Frameworks Photocatalysis: Bridging Gaps for CO2 Capture and Conversion with FAIR Principles
Authors: Bizzarri Claudia , Tsotsalas Manuel
Published: December 2024

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as key materials for carbon capture and conversion, particularly in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. However, inconsistent reporting of essential parameters in the literature hinders informed decisions about material selection and optimization. This perspective highlights the need for a user‐friendly, centralized database supported by automated data extraction using natural language processing tools to streamline comparisons of MOF materials. By consolidating crucial data from scientific literature, such a database promotes efficient decision‐making in material selection for CO2 capture and utilization. Emphasizing the significance of open‐source initiatives and the principles of FAIR data—ensuring data are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable—a collaborative approach to data management and sharing is advocated for. Making the database‐accessible worldwide enhances data quality and reliability, fostering innovation and progress in CO2 capture and conversion using MOF materials. Additionally, such databases are valuable in creating artificial intelligence tools to assist researchers in the discovery and synthesis of MOF materials for CO2 capture and conversion.
Crop rotations and canola yields: Evidence from field‐level data in Western Canada
Authors: Lassoued Feryel , Slade Peter , Dyck Ashly
Published: December 2024

Canola (Brassica napus) acreage increased in Western Canada in recent years, leading to rotations with fewer break years between canola plantings. Field trials suggest that frequent plantings of canola reduce canola yields. However, there is considerable disagreement about the magnitude and persistence of these effects. We analyze the effect of rotational practices on canola yields in Saskatchewan using over 20 years of observational data, representing 61% of canola hectares in the province. We examine how the impact of rotations varies across time, soil zone, soil moisture conditions and the distribution of yields. We regress canola yields in Saskatchewan on the share of land that was planted with particular crops in previous years, using a battery of covariates and fixed effects to address potential bias in the model. After including these fixed effects, we cannot reject the hypothesis that there is no sample selection bias. We use an unconditional quantile estimator to investigate how rotations affect different deciles of the yield distribution. Our analysis confirms that crop rotations significantly influence canola yields, albeit more modest than field trials suggest. We find a 7.5% yield reduction when canola follows canola, compared to cereals, with this penalty persisting for 4 years but diminishing in magnitude with each additional year. The adverse effects of consecutive canola plantings are more pronounced in wetter regions and at lower yield deciles. Conversely, canola yields are higher when planted after pulse crops (as opposed to after cereal crops).
Multiple Motivations: Agonistic Coalitions and Interventions in Blue Monkeys
Authors: Rotter Kyle , Cords Marina
Published: December 2024

Primates are known for forming agonistic coalitions, but most data come from species in which agonism occurs frequently and rank predicts fitness. We analyzed coalitions and interventions in wild blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis), in which both agonism and third‐party involvement are relatively rare, and in which rank does not predict fitness. Data came from a long‐term study in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya, spanning 12 years and 12 groups. Intervening animals both supported winners and defended losers, and coalition partners nearly always prevailed over their opponent. Adult females were joiners and juveniles were coalition‐recipients disproportionately, while opponents were disproportionately adults, especially males. A multivariate analysis confirmed these patterns and also showed that joiners were most likely to support the original contestant who was winning (vs. unclear outcome or losing) and the one to whom they were more closely related. A subset of the data showed higher odds of joining the higher‐ versus lower‐ranking original opponent. In high‐risk interventions (coalition recipient losing, joiner smaller than opponent), the preference for more related opponents was magnified. Blue monkeys intervening in agonistic disputes appear to take sides in ways that minimize costs by supporting the winner, while maximizing inclusive fitness benefits by preferring the more closely related contestant, especially when intervention is risky. Their additional tendencies to support young individuals versus older ones, all else equal, suggest an additional motivation to protect vulnerable group‐mates. Coalitions of smaller‐bodied groupmates may contribute to the social peripheralization of the group's adult male.
Phenomics‐Based Discovery of Novel Orthosteric Choline Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Bauer Ludwig G. , Ward Jennifer A. , Díaz‐Sáez Laura , Sundström Yvonne , Tolvanen Tuomas , Alarcón Barrera Juan Carlos , Kostidis Sarantos , Rogers Catherine M. , Panagakou Ioanna , Singh Usha , Rothweiler Elisabeth M. , Gonzalez Orta Alejandro , Kaniskan H. Ümit , Hu Jianping , Jin Jian , Sievers Sonja , Waldmann Herbert , Giera Martin , Sundström Michael , Berg Louise , Huber Kilian V. M.
Published: December 2024

Choline kinase alpha (CHKA) is a central mediator of cell metabolism linked to cancer and immune regulation. Cellular and clinical evaluation of CHKA has been hampered by challenges in the development of drug‐like choline kinase inhibitors. Here, we identify CHKA as an unexpected off‐target of histone methyltransferase inhibitors using an integrated phenomic approach. We confirm CHKA as a direct protein target of the aminoquinazolines UNC0638 and UNC0737 using a combination of chemoproteomic, biochemical, cellular, and metabolic profiling assays, possibly explaining the previously reported discrepancies observed for different G9a/GLP inhibitor scaffolds in cellular assays. Using primary human cell model systems, we discover that CHKA modulation impairs IgG secretion and B‐cell maturation consistent with the notion that choline metabolism plays an important role in immune signalling. Co‐crystal structures of UNC0638 and UNC0737 with CHKA unravel an unexpected binding mode and suggest the inhibitors as attractive starting points for the development of selective chemical tools to further explore the biological role of CHKA in cancer and immune metabolism.
Prussian Blue and Polyvinylpyrrolidone‐Embedded Hollow Fiber Gradient Polysulfone Membrane for Uric Acid Biosensor Application
Authors: Wang Yi‐Kun , Chen Ya‐Jun , Pan Yao , Hai‐Yin Yu
Published: December 2024

Traditional biosensors have drawbacks such as temperature sensitivity and cross‐reactivity. An innovative UA biosensor was developed. It combined Prussian Blue, carbon nanotubes, PVP with uricase oxidase in a polysulfone hollow fiber gradient membrane, forming a multilayer 3D structure. The optimal pH and temperature for the biosensor were determined to be 8.0 and 37°C, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) showed that the nanoparticles significantly reduced the working electrode's impedance, enhancing electron transfer. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to study the electrochemical behavior of UA oxidation. A distinct oxidation peak for UA was observed at 0.7 V. The sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 0.33 × 10−6 A/mM, a linear working range from 1.2 to 12 mM, and a detection limit of 0.424 mM. The porous structure of the membrane and the nanoparticles' synergistic effect contributed to high sensor stability. After continuous use for a week, the sensor maintained approximately 90% of its initial performance. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of our method in developing highly sensitive and stable biosensors for UA detection, providing a promising solution for accurate and reliable uric acid level monitoring.
Sunlight Self‐Heating Oil‐Water Separation Material and Device for Recovering High‐Viscosity Oil
Authors: Wang Zhuqing , Li Yiyang , Meng Yupu , Huang Zhiwei , Wang Min
Published: December 2024

This research employed a simplistic approach to modify polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and graphene oxide (GO) onto the surface of the PU skeleton, and then synthesize an oil–water separation material (rGO@PDMS/PU) with photothermal conversion performance and superoleophilic/superhydrophobic properties through high‐temperature reduction. The synthesized rGO@PDMS/PU can adsorb organic solvents or oil that are 19–37 times its own weight, while also having a 99.1% oil–water separation efficiency. Additionally, rGO@PDMS/PU also has good photothermal conversion ability. Under the intensity of 1 sunlight (q = 1 kW m−2), its surface temperature can reach 95.4°C within 10 s. Relying on the excellent oil–water selectivity and photothermal conversion capabilities of rGO@PDMS/PU, we also build a novel oil‐gathering device that can successfully make oil recovery on the water surface in situ. When the device is under light conditions, its crude oil recovery efficiency is nearly four times higher than when there is no light. Therefore, this new oil‐gathering device has broad application prospects in high‐viscosity oil leakage incidents such as crude oil and engine oil.
Germinative dynamic, seasonality, and polyandry: A dive in neotropical point‐belly frog reproduction
Authors: Bordin Rafael O. A. , de Oliveira Classius , Domeniconi Raquel F.
Published: December 2024

Complexity and reproductive plasticity are very well‐known characteristics of anurans. The group is being continuously explored taxonomically and phylogenetically, which leads to a great potential diversity not yet uncovered. This is particularly evident due to the lack of investigation regarding species‐specific traits, even the ones well distributed in the lineages as polyandry. Although the climate and environment affect reproductive variability, each species has unique dynamics, and a deeper understanding of their reproductive cycles is essential for meaningful comparisons and recognition of patterns within the extensive variability observed in anurans. Given this context, the present study examined the reproductive and environmental parameters of the polyandrous species Leptodactylus podicipinus throughout its reproductive cycle over two consecutive years. The objective was to characterize the species' reproductive dynamics and compare them with phylogenetically related species and other polyandrous species, aiming to explore patterns and the influence of polyandry on anuran reproduction. The main reproductive activity of L. podicipinus was during the months with greater rainfall, from October to February. The seminiferous epithelium presented a higher mean of final germinative cells (spermatozoa) in the reproductive period (October–February) and early germinative cells (spermatocytes I and spermatids) in the non‐reproductive period (March–September). Among the climatic parameters tested, rainfall was the only one significantly related to reproductive outcomes. Two distinct germinative patterns were identified between polyandric and non‐polyandric species compared. Polyandry is certainly a trait that plays a significant role in shaping gametogenesis and the evolution of animals with this reproductive attribute.
Predictions to Increase Lasso Peptide Production in the Heterologous Host Streptomyces coelicolor M1152
Authors: Razmilic Valeria , Asenjo Juan A. , Martínez Irene
Published: December 2024

Production of specialized metabolites are restricted to the metabolic capabilities of the organisms. Genome‐scale models (GEM)s are useful to study the whole metabolism and to find metabolic engineering targets to increase the yield of a target compound. In this work we use a modified model of Streptomyces coelicolor M145 to simulate the production of lagmysin A (LP4) and the novel lagmysin B (LP2) lasso peptide, in the heterologous host Streptomyces coelicolor M1152. Overexpression targets were identified using the flux scanning based on enforced objective flux (FSEOF) algorithm and flux variability analysis (FVA), considering growth in minimum and in complex medium. Thirteen reactions were found as candidate metabolic engineering targets for both lasso peptides considering both settings. We propose the overexpression of enzymes of the glycolysis pathway (GAPD, PGK, PGM and ENO) and leucine biosynthesis (IPPS, IPPMIb, IPPMIa, IPMD and OMCDC) to enhance the production of either lagmysin A or B.
Corporate Anti‐Corruption Disclosure and Corporate Sustainability Performance in the United Kingdom: Does Sustainability Governance Matter?
Authors: Gerged Ali Meftah , Salem Rami , Ghazwani Musa
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the potential effects of companies' commitments to disclose their anti‐corruption efforts on their sustainability performance. Additionally, we aim to analyze whether the existence of a sustainability committee influences this relationship. To achieve these objectives, we gathered data from 5344 firm‐year observations of companies listed on the FTSE 350 index from 2008 to 2023. Our findings provide strong empirical support for a positive relationship between companies' anti‐corruption disclosures and their sustainability performance. Furthermore, our evidence suggests that the presence of a sustainability committee acts as a viable complement to anti‐corruption disclosures, driving improved sustainability performance. Our study highlights practical implications for organizations, regulators, and policymakers, and it opens avenues for future research.
Turn TRAIL Into Better Anticancer Therapeutic Through TRAIL Fusion Proteins
Authors: Wang Yan , Qian Xin , Wang Yubo , Yu Caiyuan , Feng Li , Zheng Xiaoyan , Wang Yaya , Gong Qiuhong
Published: December 2024

Background

TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) belongs to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. TRAIL selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells while sparing normal cells, which makes it an attractive candidate for cancer therapy. Recombinant soluble TRAIL and agonistic antibodies against TRAIL receptors have demonstrated safety and tolerability in clinical trials. However, they have failed to exhibit expected clinical efficacy. Consequently, extensive research has focused on optimizing TRAIL‐based therapies, with one of the most common approaches being the construction of TRAIL fusion proteins.

Methods

An extensive literature search was conducted to identify studies published over the past three decades related to TRAIL fusion proteins. These various TRAIL fusion strategies were categorized based on their effects achieved.

Results

The main fusion strategies for TRAIL include: 1. Construction of stable TRAIL trimers; 2. Enhancing the polymerization capacity of soluble TRAIL; 3. Increasing the accumulation of TRAIL at tumor sites by fusing with antibody fragments or peptides; 4. Decorating immune cells with TRAIL; 5. Prolonging the half‐life of TRAIL in vivo; 6. Sensitizing cancer cells to overcome resistance to TRAIL treatment.

Conclusion

This work focuses on the progress in recombinant TRAIL fusion proteins and aims to provide more rational and effective fusion strategies to enhance the efficacy of recombinant soluble TRAIL, facilitating its translation from bench to bedside as an effective anti‐cancer therapeutic.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Adverse Events of Endocrine Therapies in Women with Breast Cancer: A Disproportionality Analysis of Reports in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Elshafie Shaimaa , Villa‐Zapata Lorenzo , Tackett Randall L. , Zaghloul Iman Y. , Young Henry N.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Emerging evidence suggests potential cardiovascular toxicities from oral endocrine therapies (ETs); however, results are conflicting. This study comprehensively examined adverse reactions of ETs and investigated cardiovascular and metabolic safety signals within the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Methods

Reports in the FAERS through December 2023 were analyzed for documented reactions to tamoxifen, letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane in female breast cancer patients. Standardized queries were used to identify cases of cardiovascular (myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke) and metabolic (hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia) disorders. Descriptive and disproportionality analyses were performed to assess reports and detect safety signals.

Results

Among 14,327 unique ET‐related reports, arthralgia (n = 1873 events) was the most prevalent reaction. We identified 2170 cardiovascular and 2252 metabolic events associated with ETs. Letrozole had the highest reporting rate of cardiac arrhythmia (7.7%) and showed positive signals for both arrhythmia (reporting odds ratio [ROR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–2.5) and myocardial infarction (ROR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4–2.6). We also observed a significantly increased risk of heart failure with letrozole (ROR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–1.6) and stroke with tamoxifen (ROR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.5–2.1). Only anastrozole was significantly associated with metabolic dysfunctions with a notable hyperglycemia reporting rate of 12.2%.

Conclusion

Our findings provide valuable evidence on common reactions as well as controversial cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities associated with the real‐world use of ETs for breast cancer. Ongoing benefit–risk assessment and close monitoring of cardiac function during treatment, particularly in high‐risk women, are warranted to optimize cancer outcomes while minimizing cardiovascular injury.
Immune Cell Profiling Reveals a Common Pattern in Premetastatic Niche Formation Across Various Cancer Types
Authors: Sugiyama Shigeaki , Yumimoto Kanae , Nakayama Keiichi I.
Published: December 2024

Background

Metastasis is the major cause of cancer‐related mortality. The premetastatic niche is a promising target for its prevention. However, the generality and cellular dynamics in premetastatic niche formation have remained unclear.

Aims

This study aimed to elucidate the generality and cellular dynamics in premetastatic niche formation.

Materials and Methods

We performed comprehensive flow cytometric analysis of lung and peripheral immune cells at three time points (early premetastatic, late premetastatic, and micrometastatic phases) for mice with subcutaneous implants of three types of cancer cells (breast cancer, lung cancer, or melanoma cells). The immuno‐cell profiles were then used to predict the metastatic phase by machine learning.

Results

We found a common pattern of changes in both lung and peripheral immune cell profiles across the three cancer types, including a decrease in the proportion of eosinophils in the early premetastatic phase, an increase in that of regulatory T cells in the late premetastatic phase, and an increase in that of polymorphonuclear myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and a decrease in that of B cells in the micrometastatic phase. Machine learning using immune cell profiles could predict the metastatic phase with approximately 75% accuracy.

Discussion

Validation of our findings in humans will require data on the presence or absence of micrometastases in patients and the accumulation of comprehensive and temporal information on immune cells. In addition, blood proteins, extracellular vesicles, DNA, RNA, or metabolites may be useful for more accurate prediction.

Conclusion

The discovery of generalities in premetastatic niche formation allow prediction of metastatic phase and provide a basis for the development of methods for early detection and prevention of cancer metastasis in a cancer type‐independent manner.
Novel Cinnamic Acid Derivatives Containing Naproxen as NLRP3 Inhibitors: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Biological Activity
Authors: Yu Jialin , You Zonglin , Wong Vincent Kam Wai , Chen Min , Liu Wenfeng
Published: December 2024

Long‐term use of naproxen can lead to serious side effects. Inspired by the biological activity of cinnamic acid, a series of cinnamic acid derivatives containing naproxen were designed and synthesized, and their anti‐inflammatory activities and mechanisms were explored in vitro. Our results indicated that all of naproxen derivatives showed more significant inhibition against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production and had a lower degree of cytotoxicity than that of naproxen. The present studies revealed that compound 23 (IC50 = 5.66 ± 1.66 µM) markedly inhibited the LPS‐induced NO production and the over‐expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐1β, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). Furthermore, it blocked the activation of NF‐κB signaling pathway and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP‐3) inflammasome in a concentration‐dependent manner. Additionally, docking studies confirmed that compound 23 exhibited a well‐fitting into the NLRP3 active site. Considering these results, compound 23 might be a novel NLRP3 inhibitor to treat inflammatory diseases.
Shh Protects the Injured Spinal Cord in Mice by Promoting the Proliferation and Inhibiting the Apoptosis of Nerve Cells via the Gli1–TGF–β1/ERK Axis
Authors: Liu Yunfei , Hou Meihua , Wang Jingran , Li Xiaoying , Zhang Bichao , Lin Juntang , Yang Ciqing
Published: December 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common neurological trauma that cannot be completely cured with surgical techniques and medications. In this study, we established a mouse SCI model and used an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) to achieve the high expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh) at the injury site to further investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Shh on SCI. The results of the present study show that Shh may promote motor function recovery. The present findings demonstrate the protective effect of Shh overexpression in SCI by regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of nerve cells at the site of SCI. Shh promotes the proliferation of early microglia, inhibits the proliferation of early astrocytes, and promotes the formation of neurons at the site of injury. In addition, Shh may inhibit apoptosis at the SCI site. The mechanism by which Shh regulates nerve cells at the site of SCI may involve glioma‐associated oncogene 1 (Gli1). The present research indicates that Gli1 regulates the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling pathway, inhibiting the classic TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway and activating the TGF‐β1/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings suggest that Shh is a regulatory molecule involved in nerve cell proliferation and apoptosis. High Shh expression can accelerate motor function recovery after SCI, indicating that it may be a promising therapeutic approach for SCI.
High amylose maize starch can produce an inclusion complex with extract of medicinal plants of Amphipterygium adstringent
Authors: Moreno‐Zaragoza Josue , Pecina‐Ornelas Daniela F. , Agama‐Acevedo Edith , Rosell Cristina M. , Bello‐Pérez Luis Arturo
Published: December 2024

Background and Objective

The interaction between starch and polyphenol would increase the bioaccessibility of those bioactive compounds. Previous studies have been conducted with pure polyphenols, but the use of medicinal plants, rich in bioactive compounds, able to complex with starch, is growing. The present study aimed to analyze the complex formation between the extract of a medicinal plant (Amphipterygium adstringent, AA) and high amylose starch (HA). The total polyphenol content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity (AC), besides X‐ray diffraction pattern, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and starch hydrolysis rate were evaluated in the AA‐HA and compared with those of the complex gallic acid (GA)‐HA.

Findings

The AA‐HA complex had higher TPC than GA‐HA, despite their rather similar AC. The increased crystallinity and short‐range order of the HA confirmed the formation of the complex with AA. This complex required higher enthalpy (2.0 J/g) than its respective HA control (0.52 J/g) for the gelatinization and the in vitro starch hydrolysis suggests the formation of resistant starch.

Conclusion

The extract of medicinal plants can form complexes with amylose, which has antioxidant properties, besides increasing the resistant starch.

Significance and Novelty

Complex formation between HA and extract of medicinal plants is feasible for increasing the release of the bioactive compounds after digestion.
Grimontia hollisae Sepsis in a 9‐Month‐Old Female Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Yusuf Abdulsalam Olawale , Isaac Osei , Baleng Mahama Wutor , Adefila Williams Oluwatosin , Lamin Keita Modou , Hossain Ilias , Molfa Minteh , Barjo Ousman , Omotosho Mayowa Banke , Salaudeen Rasheed , Mackenzie Grant
Published: December 2024

Grimontia hollisae, an uncommon cause of sepsis, was identified in a 9‐month‐old infant in Africa without confirmed seafood consumption. Prompt diagnosis through blood culture and targeted antibiotic therapy ensured recovery, emphasizing the need for increased awareness, enhanced diagnostic tools, and active monitoring of emerging pathogens in tropical and resource‐limited regions. We present a case report involving a 9‐month‐old infant who exhibited symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. The blood culture revealed
G. hollisae
. We treated the infant on empirical first‐line antibiotics of IV ceftriaxone, IV gentamicin, zinc tablets, and syrup paracetamol for 5 days after which the child was discharged on oral metronidazole following resolution of symptoms. This case highlights the importance of
G. hollisae
in causing sepsis in infants in tropical settings. It also emphasizes the need for blood culture investigation and administering the appropriate antibiotics in the diagnosis of children presenting with suspected sepsis.
Numbness on the Medical Take: An Atypical Presentation of Guillain‐Barre Syndrome With Unilateral Paraesthesia and Rapid Progression to Bulbar Palsy: A Case Report
Authors: Stanley J. , Zhou Q.
Published: December 2024

Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is characterized classically by progressive and symmetrical motor weakness and areflexia. We describe a case of GBS with initially preserved reflexes and power, leading to delayed diagnosis, who latterly required urgent ventilator support and plasmapharesis to highlight the importance of considering atypical presentations of this common condition.
Unravelling the Relaxation Pathway and Excited State Dynamics of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Incorporating Phosphorus‐Based Monodentate Ligands
Authors: Mishra Ramranjan , Saha Abhijit , Chatterjee Pritha , Kundu Sucheta , Verma Madhu , Sarkar Sabyasachi , Sivakumar Sri , Datta Anindya , Patra Ashis K.
Published: December 2024

Herein, the photophysical, photochemical properties and photogenerated excited state dynamics of two new Ru(II) complexes, viz. [Ru(p‐ttp)(bpy)(PTA)]2+ [1]2+, [Ru(p‐ttp)(phen)(PTA)]2+ [2]2+ having a phosphorus‐based ligand PTA [p‐ttp=p‐tolyl terpyridine; bpy=2,2’‐bipyridyl; phen=1,10‐phenanthroline and PTA=1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane] are reported. Upon excitation with 470 nm LED, [1]2+ and [2]2+ neither undergo ligand release nor exhibit room temperature luminescence/1O2 generation. However, when excited around their respective MLCT bands at 77 K, luminescence bands at ~600 nm were observed. N‐methylation of the coordinated PTA in complex [1]2+ resulted in [Ru(p‐ttp)(bpy)(MePTA]3+ {[1‐Me]3+} (MePTA=N‐methyl‐1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane). The differences in the photophysical and electrochemical properties of [1]2+ and [1‐Me]3+ were rationalized by DFT calculations. The transient absorption spectroscopic analysis was used to unravel the relaxation pathway of the complexes, suggesting the involvement of the 3MC state in the relaxation process. The effect of electronic modulation resulted from the N‐methylation of PTA on the excited state dynamics of the complexes was observed. The MTT assays in various cancer cells revealed their non‐cytotoxic nature in the dark or upon irradiation with 470 nm blue LED. The non‐toxicity of the complexes, despite being internalized in cancer cells as established by ICP‐MS, is attributed to their dark and photostability and the inability to generate 1O2.
Biomass‐Derived Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Applications in Textile Wastewater Treatment, Sensors, Energy Storage, and Conversion Technologies
Authors: Fahad Halim A. F. M. , Poinern Gérrard Eddy Jai , Fawcett Derek , Sharma Rupam , Surendran Sneha , R Rajeshkannan
Published: December 2024

Plant life has dominated this planet from the beginning of time. With over 82% of biomass (BM) coming from plants, primarily trees, plants are the dominant form of life on Earth. BM represents a readily available, ecologically favorable, and renewable low‐cost carbon source. Its rational disposal has emerged as a critical challenge in modern times due to its widespread generation from farming, manufacturing, and forestry activities. Nanotechnology (NT) has enormous potential for a wide range of BM‐related applications, including BM development, processing technique, modification, and utilization. Richard Feynman, a physicist who later won the Nobel Prize in Physics, presented a discussion in 1959 titled “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom.” This address was the beginning of the New Theory of Physics, which is NT, where he discusses the potential of NT for manipulating matter at the atomic level. In recent years, there has been a significant surge in interest surrounding carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), specifically carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene. These materials have captured the interest of researchers due to their extraordinary characteristics and widespread applications. Utilizing BM as a source shows great potential in creating functional carbon materials (CMs) due to its sustainability, affordability, and high carbon content. Nowadays, CNMs derived from BM have been a popular area of study. Various structures, synthesis techniques, and widespread applications of CNMs have been documented. Thus, this review provides a detailed overview that outlines the latest technological advancements in the fabrication of BM‐derived CMs. It also studies the production of high‐value‐added CNMs from BM and delves into the utilization of BM‐based CNMs as a precursor for textile wastewater treatment. Furthermore, this study also outlines the progress of BM‐derived CNMs in supercapacitors (SCs), sensors, battery electrode materials, fuel cells (FCs), and E‐textiles, showcasing their pivotal role in advancing sustainable technologies for the future.
Tailoring the Porous Structure of Carbon for Enhanced Oxidative Cleavage and Esterification of C(CO)‐C Bonds
Authors: Xie Chao , Hou Qidong , Qian Hengli , Tang Yao , Lai Ruite , Bai Xinyu , Yu Guanjie , Lv Shuai , Xia Tianliang , Liu Zejun , Huang Xin , Shen Xiaojun , Ju Meiting
Published: December 2024

The cleavage and functionalization of carbon‐carbon bonds are crucial for the reconstruction and upgrading of organic matrices, particularly in the valorization of biomass, plastics, and fossil resources. However, the inherent kinetic inertness and thermodynamic stability of C‐C σ bonds make this process challenging. Herein, we fabricated a glucose‐derived defect‐rich hierarchical porous carbon as a heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidative cleavage and esterification of C(CO)‐C bonds. Systematic investigations revealed that the hierarchical porous structure enhances the adsorption of O2 and ketones, thereby boosting the catalytic efficiency of defects. This catalyst exhibits performance comparable to that of the reported nitrogen‐doped or metal nanoparticle‐supported carbon materials, as well as transition metal‐based homogeneous catalytic systems. This work deepens our understanding of the reaction process underlying this transformation and provides insights for designing efficient carbon‐based materials for oxidative transformations.
Online State of Charge Estimation for Battery Based on the Improved Double Fraction‐Order Multi‐Innovation Unscented Kalman Filter With Full Parameters Identification and Self‐Rectification of Covariance Matrices
Authors: Xing Likun , Ren Hengqi , Zhang Zhenyun
Published: December 2024

The state of charge (SOC) is an extremely important indicator of the lithium cell. Currently, traditional identification algorithms and integer‐order models are poorly adaptive and unable to respond to the dynamic characteristics of batteries in real time, whereas unscented Kalman filtering is often accompanied by the problem that the covariance matrix is not positively determined, leading to algorithmic collapse. This study combines the multi‐innovation theory with online identification and provides an improved fractional‐order multi‐innovation double unscented Kalman filter (DFOMIUKF) joint estimation algorithm. The algorithm contains a multi‐timescale framework that allows full parametric identification of fractional‐order models, which guarantees the algorithm's ability to cope with complex working conditions, and the problem of failure of the Kalman filtering algorithm is solved by modifying the covariance matrix in real time by singular value decomposition (SVD). On the basis of the fractional RC model, the FOMIUKF1 algorithm allows real‐time updating of model parameters on a macro scale, and the obtained parameters at the microscale are passed to the FOMIUKF2 algorithm for real‐time updating of the charge level of the lithium battery. Then, the DFOMIUKF algorithm is validated under different working environments, respectively. The findings indicate that the proposed algorithm predicts the SOC with the maximum values of root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) not exceeding 0.77% and 0.66%, respectively, and maintains high accuracy even at low temperatures. It is illustrated that the proposed algorithm solves the problems of the above offline algorithms with high precision and robustness.