bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La protection sociale au-delà de l’État-nation : objets, acteurs et logiques de la transnationalisation des politiques sociales
Authors: Spieser Catherine
Published: November 2021

La protection sociale au sens européen est née de compromis historiques entre acteurs politiques, économiques et sociaux dans les États-nation. La penser au-delà de ce contexte à l’heure de la mondialisation nécessite de prendre en compte la diversité des systèmes de protection sociale, les dynamiques de diffusion et de transferts et les interactions entre acteurs nationaux et internationaux. L’article propose une grille de lecture pour analyser cette complexité.
La protection sociale dans les pays en développement : du rejet à la « baguette magique »
Authors: Merrien François-Xavier
Published: November 2021

Au début des années 2000, la croissance économique semblait être encore l’unique solution aux yeux de la communauté internationale pour sortir les pays en développement de la pauvreté et les politiques sociales étaient perçues comme un frein à cette évolution. L’impact de crises successives et les limites des politiques de libéralisation économique ont fait évoluer la doctrine prônée notamment par les grandes organisations internationales. À tel point qu’hier considérée comme un contresens économique, la protection est désormais vue comme un levier efficace pour lutter contre la pauvreté et les inégalités. Cet article adopte une démarche historique mettant l’accent sur les différentes étapes qui ont conduit à la reconnaissance du rôle positif des prestations et des pensions sociales (accordées sous condition de ressources ou pas) par les différents acteurs nationaux et internationaux, tout en soulignant la portée et les limites de ce changement de paradigme.
Promouvoir l’Europe sociale par le droit et la justice : l’action de la Confédération européenne des syndicats et ses évolutions
Authors: Louis Julien
Published: November 2021

Cet article analyse l’action juridique et judiciaire de la Confédération européenne des syndicats (CES), en revenant sur la construction de ce mode d’action et ses effets sur l’Europe sociale. Il met d’abord en évidence le désintérêt du syndicalisme européen pour les questions juridiques lors des premières années de la construction européenne, où la revendication du plein-emploi prime sur l’élaboration d’une législation sociale européenne. L’article montre ensuite que le « moment Delors » correspond à l’inscription du droit dans les pratiques et les objectifs de la CES, avec la mise en place du dialogue social européen et l’adoption de plusieurs directives sociales. Enfin, il étudie les usages syndicaux de la justice européenne à la suite d’une mobilisation judiciaire fondatrice auprès de la Cour de Justice de l’Union européenne (CJUE), les affaires « Viking » et « Laval » (années 2000-2010), tout en soulignant l’intérêt renouvelé de la CES pour l’Organisation internationale du travail et le Conseil de l’Europe à la suite de ces affaires.
An Army of Fighters for Freedom. The social environment of the first Mont-Pèlerin Society conference
Authors: Innset Ola
Published: November 2021

Lors de la conférence qu’il donne à l’université de Stanford en 1944, Friedrich Hayek confesse vouloir lever « une armée de combattants pour la liberté ». Cette armée, il parvient à la mobiliser, quelque trois années plus tard, lors d’une conférence de dix jours dans les Alpes suisses, marquant la fondation de la Société du Mont-Pèlerin. A travers une exploration méthodique des usages adoptés par les participants et des prises de position exprimées lors des débats, cet article se propose de passer les troupes en revue, sous un angle à la fois historique, psychologique et social : un groupe transnational de penseurs néolibéraux, souvent issus de l’aristocratie ou de la bourgeoisie, et principalement orientés à droite de l’échiquier politique. Cette analyse ne saurait toutefois conclure à un portrait parfaitement uniforme des débats. La présence de participants aux origines sociales plus modestes, généralement américains, a su apporter une réelle diversité dans les échanges et contribuer à casser le discours ambiant. Les discussions menées sur la redistribution et la pauvreté en sont l’exemple le plus saillant : sous le feu de tirs nourris, Milton Friedman y présente notamment sa célèbre proposition d’impôt négatif sur le revenu.
Les deux inflations. Essai de modélisation
Authors: Levy-Garboua Vivien , Maarek Gérard
Published: November 2021

Le marché des biens de luxe d’occasion connaît aujourd’hui une croissance rapide, liée à la fois à une évolution des goûts des consommateurs, au développement du e-commerce, notamment des enchères en ligne, et à un engouement de la génération Y pour ces biens. Après avoir présenté l’évolution de ce marché, cet article compare les trois principaux mécanismes de vente en ligne qui coexistent actuellement sur différentes plateformes : les enchères en ligne, les ventes à prix fixe et les mécanismes hybrides. Il analyse leur impact sur les prix et les probabilités de transaction en fonction des préférences des acheteurs et des vendeurs et montre en quoi les facteurs émotionnels spécifiques aux enchères peuvent également influencer les résultats.
The host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of COVID-19 cytokine storm
Authors: Aliyu Mansur ,   Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, TUMS-IC, Tehran, Iran, Mozhgani Sayed-Hamidreza , Gargari Omid Kohandel , Yusuf Mustapha Ahmed , Saboor-Yaraghi Ali Akbar ,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria,   Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran,   Non-communicable Diseases Research Centre Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran,   Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Published: November 2021

The ravaging pandemic caused by SAR-CoV-2, a member of β-coronaviruses, marks the end of the year 2019. Despite being identified and classified at the earliest stage, the virus records worldwide soaring transmissibility, morbidity, and mortality. Global data have shown the infection with SARS-CoV-2 to be severe among at least 15% of the infected; the aged and those with premorbid conditions like cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The highest prevalence and mortality are seen in the Americas, with African countries least affected. Severe respiratory distress and multiorgan failure are the usual findings in severe cases. A hyperinflammatory, fulminant, hypercytokinemia that is often further complicated by hypercoagulopathy and multiorgan failure has been reported extensively among severely infected patients. Scientists describe hyper-activated immune response mediated by macrophages secreting copious amounts of interleukin (IL)-6 forming the epicenter of cytokine storm (CS), thereby perpetuating signaling cascade through JAK/Kinase pathway that yields a hypercytokinemia. Researchers globally are exploring JAK/kinase inhibitors, immunomodulatory (immunosuppressive) therapy, cytokines, and cytokine receptor blockers for CS management. In which interestingly some of these agents possess antiviral activity. Here, we reviewed published studies with their respective outcome. However, a lot needs to be done to address the CS of COVID-19 to avert its fatal outcome.
Drivers of Agricultural Entrepreneurship in Factor-Driven Economies
Authors: Khan Mohd Saeem , Arafat Mohd Yasir , Khan Mohd Asif , Al Nemer Hashem Abdullah
Published: November 2021

This piece of research aims to explain the drivers of early-stage entrepreneurship in factor-driven economies and how these are affected by several cognitive factors. This study covers literature on several driving factors of entrepreneurial activity, trying to formulate a framework of determinants of early-stage agricultural entrepreneurial activity. For this purpose, the adult population survey (APS) data of factor-driven economies published by GEM has been used. The selected respondents (848) include those individuals who, alone or with other individuals, presently involved in venture creation, including any self-employment in the agricultural sector. The impact of cognitive and social capital factors on early-stage entrepreneurial activity is measured using logistic regression. The findings suggest that its opportunity perception and self-efficacy, which are the major motivators of early-stage entrepreneurship in developing nations. Also, there are gender biases and age-related negativity with respect to new agri-business creation in developing countries.
Scholastic Review of Food, Memory, and Identity
Authors: Oni Femi Emmanuel , Baiyegunhi Lloyd
Published: November 2021

Food is more than nutrition; it has veritable socio-cultural meanings, and it encapsulates all manner of associations. This chapter reviews several experiences of migrants that are relevant, using different approaches, creating a link between food, identity, and memory of migrants as well as looking at the sequential movement of food and its interactions by reviewing extant literatures in the global and African contexts. Migration and migrants are evident across the borders of countries around the universe. It was revealed that migrants are encumbered with different experiences-accepting and repelling in the course of migration, as it is glaring that there is a conglomerate between food, memory, and identity.
Optimization of Energy in Smart Farms Using a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Lejdel Brahim
Published: November 2021

The need for energy in the agriculture field is increasing as a result of increasing the productivity of these fields. The appearance of smart grid and IoT (internet of objects) enabled farmers to control, manage, and optimize the energy consumption. Agriculture will continue to rely on energy to increase its productivity in line with increasing population and great demand. In this chapter, the authors present an integrated model between SmartFarms, the smart-grid, and optimization methods. In this way, smart forms can participate actively and benefit from the energy market. In this chapter, they consider the electrical energy that is directly used in activities ranging from field processes such as irrigation of land. Energy is also indirectly consumed in synthetic additives notably fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. In addition, the authors can consider the electrical energy, which is used for powering some agricultural machines.
An Insight Into Research and Investigations of Gray Mold Focused on Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Kulkarni Sunil Jayant
Published: November 2021

Modern day agriculture focuses on the crop yield, cost, and space. Most of the investigations in the agricultural sector are aimed at rendering environmental friendliness to the application method and synthesizing new varieties of crops that are resistant to the attacks of microorganisms. Also, new fertilizers and pesticides are being developed. Plants such as grapes, raspberries, and strawberries are considered cash crops. Many useful compounds are synthesized from them. Pharmaceutical intermediates and products are synthesized from plants which have medicinal properties. Climatic conditions and soil properties are manipulated for confined and safe cultivation of these plants. It results in reduction in temperature and change in humidity, which in turn causes growth of undesirable species and diseases in the plants. The most common among these species is the fungi Botrytis cinerea. Many crops are affected adversely due to Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea). In this chapter, a review on studies and investigations on gray mold for its effects on plants and control is carried with focus on Botrytis cinerea.
Theory and Implementation of Inclusion
Authors: Gleason Christine M. , Santi Kristi L.
Published: November 2021

The inclusion of students with special needs in general education settings has become an essential component of education. Including all students in the least restrictive environment to the maximum extent possible is the law and an innate human right. However, research reveals that some teachers do not have positive attitudes toward including students with disabilities. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss findings from a study that uncovered factors behind teachers' attitudes toward inclusion. The general findings and themes are discussed. The chapter concludes with a list of resources teachers can access without payment to help them better understand students with disabilities and ways in which the teacher can more easily develop an inclusive, inviting environment for all.
It Takes a Well-Organized Village
Authors: Porter Susan G.
Published: November 2021

Response to intervention (RTI) and multi-tiered system of support (MTSS) are educational initiatives designed to increase the success of all students in general education and reduce the number of students referred for special education services. RTI and MTSS have resulted in improved outcomes for students. Successful implementation of RTI and MTSS relies upon collaboration between teachers and other school personnel. Lack of collaboration and consistency between members of MTSS teams can compromise the fidelity of the interventions, which can lead to poor student outcomes. Secondary RTI and MTSS models are difficult to implement due to several factors, including student diversity, curriculum complexity, and high student-staff ratios. This chapter investigates recent research on the implementation of RTI and MTSS models in secondary schools and focuses on the interdisciplinary efforts required to implement these models with fidelity and with student success.
Blended Social Skills Intervention for Students Identified as Emotionally and Behaviorally Disturbed
Authors: Tidmore Lauren R.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nine-week blended learning social skills intervention for high school students identified as being at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. Exploring how social skills interventions improve students' social and emotional deficits aids in the development of an engaging curriculum. This quantitative study utilized a pretest-posttest method. High school students identified as being at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders and their special educators were invited to complete the researcher-designed social skills intervention with a corresponding pre- and post-test. There were no statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-test scores for the students or the special educator. The SEARS' social-emotional domains were all found to be statistically significant predictors of the students' total composite score. Gender was found to be a significant predictor of the student's total composite score. Implications of the study include strategies for developing interventions at the high school level.
A Closer Look at Supporting Elementary Students With Autism in School
Authors: Copeland Haidee
Published: November 2021

While the educational criteria to be a person impacted by autism will always evolve, implementing educational best practices with fidelity significantly improves the likelihood of a student with autism succeeding in school. This chapter presents a brief overview of the educational criteria for an autism eligibility using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), a comparison of common characteristics or developmental milestones for typically developing elementary students and students with autism, a summary of standard best practices for elementary students with autism. The chapter provides a few examples of how these best practices can be applied across grade and inclusion-level categories.
The Effects of Technology Integration in the Classroom for Students With ADHD
Authors: Kojayan Aleen , Statti Aubrey L. C. , Torres Kelly M.
Published: November 2021

This qualitative case study investigated the influence of technology integration in a special education classroom for students who have ADHD. Technology has shown to have a positive influence on student academic, social, and emotional growth in a general education classroom. This study sought to understand the influence technology has for students struggling with ADHD. This study aimed to understand if technology can play a role in the development of students with ADHD specifically in the domains of academic and social growth. Through observations, interviews, and focus group sessions, six themes were deduced: importance of consistency in using technology, impact of group size, increased interest, increased independence, task initiation/time efficiency using Chromebook, and overall confidence academically and socially.
Assistive Technologies, Digital Literacy and Didactic for Inclusion
Authors: Treglia Eugenia , Magnanini Angela , Caione Gianni , Lungu Monica Alina
Published: November 2021

This article aims to investigate the relationship between technologies and disabilities in the field of special education. In particular, this article discusses the role of aiding technologies, such as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), in the learning and integration processes of people with disabilities, with a focus on autistic spectrum disorders. To facilitate the accessibility of tools and IT products, various types of aiding technologies are now available, namely a set of hardware and software technical solutions that provide working configurations suitable for the special needs of users, allowing them to overcome the disadvantage gap resulting from a specific disability. The AAC, as an aiding technology, in addition to fostering communication processes, allows the user with autism spectrum disorders to interface in a more functional way with the computer tool, and thus to implement its digital literacy and consequent learning possibilities.
Using Video-Aided Self-Reflection to Prepare Novice Special Education Teachers
Authors: Davis Jason P. , Oh Kevin , Nussli Natalie
Published: November 2021

The growing diversity of America's public schools has created pressure for universities and teacher preparation programs to develop strategies to aid novice teachers in meeting a variety of student needs. In addition to cultural and linguistic differences, special education teachers must also be prepared to meet the variety of academic, social, and emotional needs of students identified with disabilities. To accomplish this, studies investigating the potential of video based reflection to impact novice and preservice teachers' ability to implement pedagogical theory into practice have increased. This chapter examines the use of video as a tool to engage novice special education teachers' reflection on the implementation of culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP), differentiated instruction (DI), and universal design for learning (UDL).
Bilingualism in Early Childhood
Authors: Uzun Halil , Baran Gülen
Published: November 2021

Bilingualism that arises from different reasons (such as wars, migrations, geographical proximity, and trade, tourism, marriages, living to better standards, work and education) affects children, so children have to grow up in environments where more than one language is spoken. There are various arguments about whether being a bilingual for a child is advantageous or disadvantageous. The studies carried out in this field have shown that the disadvantage can be converted into advantageous situations on condition that the process about the acquisition or learning of the second language has been managed well. From this point of view, the importance of concepts such as language development in early childhood period, views on language development, bilingualism, language acquisition and teaching in early years will be explained in detail in the bilingualism in the early childhood section.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Develop Linguistic Abilities in Bilingual Education
Authors: González Fernández Adela
Published: November 2021

The traditional methods of language teaching have always had their roots in the grammar-translation method, used in our educational system for more than 500 years. However, the constant search for updating and the desire to improve the language skills of students has led to a succession of different methods and proposals in a few years with the intention of improving the existing ones. The literature on this subject confirms that there is no perfect approach, but it also shows that the communicative one and the interdisciplinarity in the teaching-learning process of second languages brings good results. The author proposes a holistic interdisciplinary activity for the bilingual early childhood classroom, based on the communicative method. Thus, this chapter presents the elaboration of a musical tale, accompanied by a subsequent audiovisual recording, which will help students to learn a second language in real natural contexts.
Language-Independent Type Inference of the Instances from Multilingual Wikipedia
Authors: Wu Tianxing , Qi Guilin , Luo Bin , Zhang Lei , Wang Haofen
Published: November 2021

Extracting knowledge from Wikipedia has attracted much attention in recent ten years. One of the most valuable kinds of knowledge is type information, which refers to the axioms stating that an instance is of a certain type. Current approaches for inferring the types of instances from Wikipedia mainly rely on some language-specific rules. Since these rules cannot catch the semantic associations between instances and classes (i.e. candidate types), it may lead to mistakes and omissions in the process of type inference. The authors propose a new approach leveraging attributes to perform language-independent type inference of the instances from Wikipedia. The proposed approach is applied to the whole English and Chinese Wikipedia, which results in the first version of MulType (Multilingual Type Information), a knowledge base describing the types of instances from multilingual Wikipedia. Experimental results show that not only the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art comparison methods, but also MulType contains lots of new and high-quality type information.
Job Shadowing as a Training Tool for Lecturers in Higher Education Bilingual Teaching
Authors: Salaberri Ramiro Maria Sagrario , Sanchez Perez Maria del Mar
Published: November 2021

The current context of higher education institutions is guided by targets of internationalization and globalization which adopt different forms, one of them based on the essential role of language learning as an operational instrument that contributes to international activity. Different approaches have been devised to promote language learning—content and language integrated learning (CLIL) or English-medium instruction (EMI)—characterized by the use of a foreign language as a teaching device. In tertiary education, the implementation of bilingual programs demands the use of professional and academic language, communicative skills, and training in methodological abilities. The challenge for lecturers is considerable and they have reported the demanding overload of work, effort, and time, but training in dual-focused teaching is essential to achieve goals successfully. Job shadowing is suggested as a training tool focused on developing bilingual professional skills, knowledge, and competences through observation, action, and reflection while accompanying a professional.
An Assets-Oriented, Formative Oral Language Assessment for Multilingual Students
Authors: Klein Adria F. , Briceño Allison
Published: November 2021

This chapter introduces an assets-oriented oral language formative assessment tool for use with multilingual students. The assessment tool, called the Oral Language Record (OLR), was developed to help teachers listen to, record, and analyze authentic student talk in a variety of settings. It provides valuable information about the vocabulary and language structures that students use, helps determine current instructional needs, provides a frame for capturing student talk, and documents growth over time. The OLR contains a continuum based on observable behaviors and an analysis tool that helps teachers determine next steps in instruction based on their observations. Used in conjunction with a student's writing sample and observation of the child's reading, the OLR provides a holistic view of a multilingual student's language and literacy acquisition, enabling the teacher to focus on the child's linguistic strengths to plan future instruction.
The Struggles of Bilingual Authors
Authors: Tannacito Dan J.
Published: November 2021

This chapter examines the struggles of bilingual authors to write in English as an additional language. Autobiographical works in English illustrate themes found to be central to the development of biliteracy. The theme of finding voice is a highly variable theme in the writing of many bilinguals. The theme of constructing identity takes multiple forms as bilingual authors renegotiate their identities in the additional language. The struggle for place is a theme that permeates the narratives of expatriation, exile, immigration, and repatriation. These three struggles offer new writers opportunities to learn to develop their own creativity. Teachers of English as an additional language can structure their curricula to reflect the language learning practice of reading and writing.
Interpreting Solidarity
Authors: Rodríguez-Castro Mónica , Salas Spencer , Acosta Jatnna
Published: November 2021

In metro Charlotte, North Carolina, dynamic newcomer Latinx communities have changed the demographics of K-8 education as the region has emerged as a new gateway for an influx of immigrants and migrants. Today, in what has come to be known as “the New Latino South,” K-12 teachers are eager to expand their knowledge base for working with this relatively new population. To that end, bilingual (Spanish/English) educators are increasingly tapped to serve as impromptu interpreters as monolingual administrators and teachers interact more frequently with Spanish dominant communities. Drawing from an in-depth interview sequence, the chapter narrates a Dominican-American's lived experience with simultaneous K-12-based interpreting as a K-12 student teacher, and a licensed early-grades educator. This chapter theorizes the layered emotional and professional advocacy of heritage-language bilingual school-based professionals and their agency in advancing access and equity to public resources with recommendations for policy and practice.
Foreign Language Acquisition, Bilingualism, and Biculturalism
Authors: Szymanski Mike , Kalra Komal
Published: November 2021

Biculturals (i.e., individuals who have experienced and internalized more than one culture) are recognized as a growing demographic, and as such will become important stakeholders in organizations. An emerging stream of research from psychology and organizational studies indicates that bicultural individuals have a particular set of cognitive skills and competencies that can contribute to the performance of international teams. However, research on biculturals in organizations is facing conceptual and methodological limits due to the complex nature of the construct of culture. While the constructs of culture and language are distinct, they are undoubtedly interwoven; hence, the latter may become a tool to analyze the phenomenon of biculturalism. In this chapter, the authors analyze the literature on social identity, foreign language acquisition, and bilingualism to find potential solutions for these critical challenges.
Needs of the ‘Bilingual Schools' Program in Andalusia Regarding EFL Classrooms and Language Assistants
Authors: Sánchez-Torres Jorge
Published: November 2021

Since the implementation of Bilingual Education in Spain, research has focused on studying ways to improve the quality of this educational model. However, although there are aspects that threaten its correct functioning and/or implementation, little has been done to find solutions to those issues. Thus, this chapter presents findings from a research conducted in Seville, Spain, and compare them to those of some current studies in different autonomous communities to conclude that some important issues that have been previously reported but have not been solved are the lack of linguistic and methodological training for the stakeholders and time for coordination or planning, and confusion regarding specific information (roles, functions, procedures, etc.), among others. Most importantly, the chapter concludes that a number of actions should be taken by the regional Board of Education and/or schools to improve the quality of the bilingual education offered in Andalusia.
Semi-Private Spheres as Safe Spaces for Young Social Media Users' Political Conversation
Authors: Tarullo Raquel
Published: November 2021

The incorporation of social media as spaces for political participation performances—especially among youth—has brought various issues into debate, including the formats of these practices and, at the same time, the significances of these repertoires for public conversation. In order to address this topic, this chapter explores the digital practices of political participation among young people in Argentina. Based on a qualitative approach in which 30 in-depth interviews to people from 18 to 24 years old were carried out, the findings of this research note that these segments of the population join the discussion of issues on the public agenda using emojis and hashtags and prefer reduced digital spaces to talk with their close contacts about polarized issues in order to avoid the aggression and violence that they say they observe in the digital space.
Placing Portuguese Right-Wing Populism Into Context
Authors: Biscaia Afonso , Salgado Susana
Published: November 2021

This chapter examines the discourse of the Portuguese right-wing populist André Ventura and compares it with his close counterparts, Santiago Abascal, Marine Le Pen, and Matteo Salvini. The empirical analysis is focused on the 2021 presidential campaign and looks at Twitter and YouTube as parts of an integrated political communication strategy that are used as tools of exposure and message dissemination. The results show how André Ventura appropriates the features of right-wing populism but adapts those to the Portuguese specific context as a strategy to gain both wider media visibility and popular support.
Importance of ICT Advancement and Culture of Adaptation in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry for Developing Countries
Authors: Abir Tanvir , Khan Md Yusuf Hossein
Published: November 2021

The influence of ICT on tourism and hospitality is related to the facilitation of contact with stakeholders, acting as an effective distribution channel, and providing an effective forum for marketing, among other things. Tourism and hospitality are heavily reliant on information and communication technology in developing countries as well as in the developed nations. ICT has had a major effect on this market. The primary goal of this research is to identify the difference in ICT advancement and adaptation between developed and developing countries, as well as to determine how developing countries can benefit from it and make recommendations. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. Using various types of literature such as research papers, articles, and books, this study highlights and scrutinizes the significance of ICT and how these actions contribute to the tourism and hospitality sector to raise awareness among academicians, researchers, tourism businesses, and government officials about the effectiveness of ICT applications in tourism and hospitality.
Social Media's Influence on Destination Image
Authors: Garcia-Haro Maria Angeles , Martinez-Ruiz Maria Pilar , Martinez-Cañas Ricardo , Ruiz-Palomino Pablo
Published: November 2021

Social media have become key tools for promoting and spreading the image of a tourist destination. In particular, these communication channels are critical for heritage destinations looking to boost awareness and attract a greater number of visitors. However, the tourism marketing literature has devoted limited attention to how these destinations project their image on social media. In order to cover this gap, this chapter focuses on analyzing the image projected by a specific heritage destination—Cuenca, a World Heritage City—on Facebook and Instagram. To this end, the chapter analyzes the posts, comments, and hashtags that have been published on the different tourism pages about Cuenca. The results of the analysis underscore the growing importance of the image projected by destinations on social networks. That said, there is a need to deepen our knowledge about the communication potential of these channels.
Reclaiming the Soul of the University in an Agile Corporate World
Authors: Branson Christopher Michael , Marra Maureen J.
Published: November 2021

In today's agile corporate world, the expectation is that the university will be able to rapidly adapt and evolve in response to its ever-changing global, educational, economic, social, political, and technical environments. But, at what cost? This chapter argues that many of our universities have lost their soul in their race to become agile because their focus has shifted away from fully achieving their core purpose—the creation and the dissemination of knowledge—to production-line teaching and learning and income-based research. There is now universal apprehension arising from the belief that university leaders are more concerned with income and budgets than knowledge and people. In response, this chapter argues for a radically new understanding of what constitutes truly effective university leadership which is readily able to create an agile university culture while simultaneously ensuring it sustains its commitment to its core purpose.
Public Administration Education in Turkey
Authors: Avaner Tekin , Babaoglu Cenay
Published: November 2021

There were public administration schools in Turkish administrative history. For example, in Seljuks Empire times, this school was called Nizamiye Madrasah, and administrators were trained there. Another example is the professional executive class in the Ottoman Empire, and they were educated in Enderun, a unique public administration school in Sultan's Palace. In the 19th century, Turkish public administration was influenced by the Western model, and Mekteb-i Mülkiye was established in 1859. The school moved to Ankara in 1935 and was named Faculty of Political Sciences. In 1952, the Public Administration Institute of Turkey and the Middle East and the first public administration department were established with the support of the USA. Within this framework, the chapter first summarizes the historical development of public administration education in Turkey, together with institutional development. Therefore, these institutions' historical roles were examined, and the interaction between the US scholars and universities was also searched.
Priorities for Improving Distance Education and Human Capital in Azerbaijan Public Administration
Authors: Hasanoglu Murteza , Zeynalli Latif
Published: November 2021

Distance education can also be used by a large part of the community. The form of distance education optimally develops learners' independence, activity, consciousness, and creativity in comparison with traditional forms of education. In addition, in this system, more scientific information can be obtained in a short time, and the student's conscious and logical ability to acquire systematic knowledge expands. On the other hand, distance education is one of the tools that can help our higher education to have an international rating. Let us take into account that one of the main tasks of the education system is to develop the human capital necessary for the modernization of the country and thus increase the international competitiveness of the Republic of Azerbaijan. It should be noted that digitalization can create real opportunities to turn our weak performance in education into strong performance. In this regard, the chapter examines the prospects for improving distance education in public administration for the development of human capital in Azerbaijan.
New Perspectives on Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Duță Nicoleta
Published: November 2021

This chapter approaches the problematic of communication in teaching-learning activities in higher education during the crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors have proposed to present a theoretical and practical approach to the effective communication in teaching, with the objective of knowing which are the opinions of students on communication skills and motivation of them in the classroom. The study included a total of 261 students from different faculties at the University of Bucharest, who were a Likert-scale survey in the period May -July 2020. Results of the analysis of research data shows that students have seen their ability to concentrate and motivation to perform tasks affected, but they did not leave university. In this respect, most difficulties were in carrying out teamwork than individual. The adaptations made by the university during confinement have been positively appreciated. The research findings coming according to recent studies confirm that without communication the teaching and learning process will not take place.
Characteristics of Parent-Teacher Communication in Romanian Primary Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bocoş Muşata-Dacia , Marin Diana-Crina
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the manner in which school activities are organized and the way that interactions occur between all educational actors. According to both teacher and parent opinion, the quality of cooperation and communication between the school and the families has not been affected. The use of modern means of communication is considered by both parents and primary school teachers as an optimal strategy for strengthening the school-family partnership. This study presents several types of activities that parents have enjoyed and which could be organized in the online environment. The authors of the study have discovered that for some parents it was very comfortable to interact with the teacher in the online environment. For these parents, the main advantage of using communication platforms or applications refers to economy of time; thus, travel from their home or job to the school was avoided.
Reading Between the Scenes
Authors: Baleiro Rita , Pereira Rosária
Published: November 2021

Departing from the assumption that cinema has always had the capacity to represent social structures and movements and provide valuable sources of information about societal phenomena, this chapter employs representation as a research approach to offer contributions to understanding realities “outside the film” regarding literary tourists' motivations, experiences, and literary places. The authors analyse cinematic representations of literary tourism in feature films and take the perspective of literary tourism studies, reviewing the literature on cultural tourism, special interest tourism, niche tourism, literary tourism, and literary sites and landscape. The analysis and interpretation of the cinematic sequences reveal two opposed ideas of what literary tourism experiences might be: a shallow, disappointing, and inauthentic experience or a meaningful and authentic event.
Literary Tourism
Authors: Atsız Ozan , Temiz Selman
Published: November 2021

This chapter aims at understanding travelers' literary experience in “The Museum of Innocence,” which is known as a museum based on a book that was written by Orhan Pamuk. To reach the purpose, a qualitative research approach was adopted in this study, and online reviews posted by visitors of the museum were used to explore the main components of their experience in a literary context. The collected data was examined through content analysis. As a result of analysis, visualization, a sense of nostalgia, awe, and memorable components were revealed. These components were interpreted in different ways by visitors. Theoretical and practical implications were provided as well as limitations for future research lines.
Tourist Literature and the Architecture of Travel in Olga Tokarczuk and Patti Smith
Authors: Baleiro Rita
Published: November 2021

This chapter analyses two travel narratives within the scope of literature and tourism studies, aiming to explore the motivations to undertake journeying and the experience of (literary) pilgrims. The first is the novel Flights, by Olga Tokarczuk (2007), and the second is “How the Mind Works,” by Patti Smith (2017). This chapter defines the umbrella concept of “tourist literature” and takes a cross-disciplinary perspective combining the hermeneutics process with findings from the literature review on tourism studies. The analysis of Flights reveals the touring identity and experience of a pilgrim and reflections about airports, travel guides, tourists, and their syndromes. The analysis of Patti Smith's short story uncovers the touring identity and experience of a literary pilgrim who is strongly motivated to undertake literary-inspired trips towards the authors' places.
Road Freight Transport Cost
Authors: Kotsios Panagiotis , Folinas Dimitrios
Published: November 2021

The goal of this research was to measure the cost of road freight transport in the 20 European countries with the highest recorded quantity of tonne-kilometres and assess their competitiveness. Cost competitiveness was measured by four main cost categories: fuels, drivers' wages, tyres and tolls, and the results show large cost variances between countries. The countries with the lowest road freight transport cost were Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania, and those with the highest costs were Norway, Austria, and the UK. The largest differences in costs were met in tolls and other road taxes, followed by drivers' wages, fuels, and finally, tyres.
Competitive Advantages in the Turkish Retail Industry
Authors: Avcı Bülend
Published: November 2021

Retail is one of the most important industries that is continuously improving around the world and in particular in Turkey. Competitive advantages owned by firms keep businesses one step ahead of their competitors. The main objectives of this chapter are determination of the main competitive advantages and capabilities for firm performance, determination of competitive advantages and capabilities which are relatively important for firm performance, and determination of competitive advantages and capabilities that are mainly used under the effects of environmental dynamism for firm performance in the Turkish retail industry. In this chapter, retailers are evaluated into two groups as organized and traditional. Totally, 50 competitive advantages and capabilities were identified in the research. The results of the study would be beneficial both for retail literature and retail business life.
Phenomenology
Authors: Hayes Catherine , Graham Yitka N. H.
Published: November 2021

This chapter provides an insight into the origins and traditions of phenomenology as both philosophy and methodology. Emphasis is placed in the earlier parts of the chapter on the delineation between Husserl and Heidegger, the forefathers of the discipline, whose work into epistemology and ontology have fundamentally shaped contemporary qualitative research. Understanding the key concepts of epoché and the implications of the ‘self' within phenomenological research are explicated so that the reader can consider the practicalities of whether it is possible to suspend presupposition and epistemic bias, or whether the ‘self' is something that has simply to be acknowledged as having a fundamental relevance to what and how interpretation is undertaken and how this has a consequent and tangible impact on research findings. The latter part of the chapter gives an insight into interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) as one contemporary approach to the integration of phenomenological research methods.
Writing Histories of the Present
Authors: Greene Andrew C.
Published: November 2021

Historical research in the area of curriculum studies has tended to hew quite closely to traditional understandings of history as a matter of individuals, events, and causes and effects. Foucauldian discourse analysis (FDA) offers an alternative perspective on the past and present, one that sees history as erratic, discontinuous, and the result of operations of power and knowledge that exceed the level of the individual. This chapter begins with a brief overview of some of the theoretical underpinnings of FDA which make it unique among research methodologies in the field of educational research. The chapter then goes on to explore the types of questions that an FDA might pursue, the methodological tasks of FDA (including “archaeology” and “genealogy”), and closes with a discussion of two examples of FDA in curriculum studies.
Educational Criticism and Connoisseurship
Authors: Austin Stacie , Stanley Shalanda
Published: November 2021

The goal of this chapter is to provide an explanation of qualitative inquiry through the lens of educational criticism and connoisseurship using a case study example. The writers provide a breakdown of educational criticism and connoisseurship with an explanation of how a researcher might use educational criticism and connoisseurship in data collection and communication of findings. Additionally, the chapter will provide options for data collection, management, analysis, and interpretation. The chapter will also include a list of published studies that exemplify qualitative inquiry, including case studies, ethnography, and phenomenology, using educational criticism.
Collective Case Study
Authors: Schoepf Sydnie , Klimow Nicole
Published: November 2021

This chapter focuses on collective case study: (1) what it is, (2) what separates it from other case study formats (case study and multiple case study), and (3) how to effectively use collective case study design for research. This chapter walks researchers through the overarching components necessary in conducting research using collective case study design, providing helpful strategies and examples the authors have found useful in their own research. While highly useful in qualitative research, this chapter also notes possible challenges to using collective case study design. This chapter concludes with a list of additional resources for more in-depth explorations of the procedural elements addressed.
Sexual functions in perimenopause
Authors: Randombage P. , Jayawardane M.
Published: November 2021

Sexual dysfunction is a rising problem especially in those who are at pe1imenopausal age. It goes hand in hand with aging, medical and surgical comorbidities, psychological factors as well as relationship factors. More and more women seek the opinion of doctors since it has disrupted their quality of life. The prevalence is hard to determine since women are reluctant to come up with the complaint of sexual dysfunction. Remedies have been coming up such as topical moisturizer applicants to newer hormone replacement therapies. Psychological phenomenon has been further explored since many women are suffering from depression and other infinities of the mind. Even though studies have been done, the problem is far from resolved and further studies and newer methods should be produced to improve quality of life and provide a long lasting solution for sexual dysfunction.