bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEC‐SAXS/MC Ensemble Structural Studies of the Microtubule Binding Protein Cdt1 Show Monomeric, Folded‐Over Conformations
Authors: Smith Kyle P. , Chakravarthy Srinivas , Rahi Amit , Chakraborty Manas , Vosberg Kristen M. , Tonelli Marco , Plach Maximilian G. , Grigorescu Arabela A. , Curtis Joseph E. , Varma Dileep
Published: November 2024

Cdt1 is a mixed folded protein critical for DNA replication licensing and it also has a “moonlighting” role at the kinetochore via direct binding to microtubules and the Ndc80 complex. However, it is unknown how the structure and conformations of Cdt1 could allow it to participate in these multiple, unique sets of protein complexes. While robust methods exist to study entirely folded or unfolded proteins, structure–function studies of combined, mixed folded/disordered proteins remain challenging. In this work, we employ orthogonal biophysical and computational techniques to provide structural characterization of mitosis‐competent human Cdt1. Thermal stability analyses shows that both folded winged helix domains1 are unstable. CD and NMR show that the N‐terminal and linker regions are intrinsically disordered. DLS shows that Cdt1 is monomeric and polydisperse, while SEC‐MALS confirms that it is monomeric at high concentrations, but without any apparent inter‐molecular self‐association. SEC‐SAXS enabled computational modeling of the protein structures. Using the program SASSIE, we performed rigid body Monte Carlo simulations to generate a conformational ensemble of structures. We observe that neither fully extended nor extremely compact Cdt1 conformations are consistent with SAXS. The best‐fit models have the N‐terminal and linker disordered regions extended into the solution and the two folded domains close to each other in apparent “folded over” conformations. We hypothesize the best‐fit Cdt1 conformations could be consistent with a function as a scaffold protein that may be sterically blocked without binding partners. Our study also provides a template for combining experimental and computational techniques to study mixed‐folded proteins.
Energy‐Aware Routing in WSN Utilizing Self‐Attention–Based Cycle‐Consistent Generative Adversarial Network With Honey Badger Algorithm
Authors: Vijaya bhaskar K. , Jyothi A. P. , Chandrasekaran Sivasankar , Thangathurai Vignesh
Published: November 2024

Energy efficiency and secure data transmission are considered as the main design targets of wireless sensor network (WSN). Previous energy‐aware cluster head (CH) selection approaches could not provide secured data transmission. To address this problem, a self‐attention–based cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (SaCyCsGAN) with honey badger algorithm (HyBA)–adopted energy‐aware routing (EgAR) in WSN is proposed. Initially, the proposed system uses a CH to carry out the routing practice. Accordingly, SaCyCsGAN classifier is exploited for CH selection under firm fitness function: delay, distance, energy, cluster density, and traffic rate. Afterward CH selection, a spiteful node may enter the cluster and acts as a CH. Hence, best path selection is needed. For that, HyBA is utilized, it selects the best path depending upon triplet parameter: trust, connectivity, and service degree. Finally, data are conveying into base station (BS) and vice versa under best path. Finally, the proposed EgAR‐WSN‐SaCyCsGAN‐HyBA method attains 24.13%, 28.57%, 5.88%, and 20.37% higher throughput and 18.50%, 21.67%, 13.33%, and 22.22% lesser energy consumption evaluated to the existing methods such as multiple‐objective CH utilizing self‐attention basis progressive generative adversarial network for safe data aggregation (EgAR‐WSN‐SAPrGAN‐ArVOA), reinforcement learning–based energy‐efficient optimized routing protocol in WSN (EgAR‐WSN‐RLGT‐BCSA), data aggregation including clustering protocol in WSN under machine learning (EgAR‐WSN‐AfNN), and optimum cluster along trusted path for routing formation with categorization of intrusion under machine learning categorization (EgAR‐WSN‐RsBPDT‐HoCSOA).
Assessment of P16 and Ki‐67 Proteins Immunoexpressing in Oral Mucosa Among Saudi Smokers
Authors: Elmahdi Faris M. , Alahmadi Lama S. , Aloufi Sarah A. , Alharbi Riyaa L. , Alharbi Saada S.
Published: November 2024

Background

It is widely known that tobacco use significantly contributes to a variety of health problems, including mouth cancer. The proteins P16 and Ki‐67 have a role in regulating the cell cycle and promoting cell growth. Analyzing the levels of these proteins can give us valuable information about the overall health of cells.

Objective

This study aims to assess the cellular alterations and immunohistochemical expression of P16 and Ki‐67 in the oral mucosa of Saudi smokers.

Method

From March to December 2023, a cross‐sectional study scraped 500 samples from the buccal mucosa. Participants in the study were Saudi citizens of both genders. We selected a total of 300 individuals who smoked cigarettes and 200 individuals who did not smoke tobacco as the control group. The selection process involved two sample techniques: initially purposive sampling and subsequently snowball sampling. The samples underwent an immunohistochemical examination to determine the presence of P16 and Ki‐67 protein overexpression. We evaluated the samples by assessing the proportion of cells that exhibited positive staining and the intensity of the staining. The data were examined utilizing SPSS. We identified categorical variables by calculating frequencies and percentages using the chi‐squared test. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.

Results

A total of 48% of cigarette users had abnormal results, compared to 20% of nonsmokers. These abnormalities included cytological atypia, inflammation, reverse cytological infection, and binucleated or multinucleated cells (p = 0.015). People who smoked had higher levels of P16 and Ki‐67 expressions than people who did not smoke, 12% and 5%, respectively (p = 0.042). There were no important changes in P16/Ki‐67 expression between participants of different ages (p = 0.68) or between men and women (p = 0.27).

Conclusion

These results demonstrate the detrimental effects of smoking on cell health, underscoring the importance of quitting to reduce the risk of cytological abnormalities and related diseases. Smokers have higher levels of the proteins P16 and Ki‐67, which shows how important these biomarkers are for understanding the risks to oral health.
Differences Between Preterm and Full‐Term Infants in Electroencephalogram Power Spectral Density Slope
Authors: Hammond Jennifer , Sahni Rakesh , Grieve Philip , Isler Joseph , Werner Elizabeth , Ostlund Brendan , Alschuler Daniel , Lee Seonjoo , Monk Catherine
Published: November 2024

A growing body of literature suggests that power spectral density (PSD) slope, measured using electroencephalography (EEG), might reflect synaptic activity and be a useful marker of early brain development. The objective of this article is to identify differences between preterm and full‐term infants in PSD slope in active and quiet sleep. This is a secondary analysis of two studies, including premature (N = 33) (30 0/7 and 36 0/7 weeks’ gestation) and full‐term infants (N = 22). EEG was performed at near term‐equivalent age in premature infants and within 36 h after birth in full‐term infants. The natural log of the EEG power spectrum was plotted versus the natural log of the frequency spectrum. To estimate PSD slope, the power law exponent derived from the slope of the log(power) versus log(frequency) was calculated for the 1–20 Hz range and the 21–40 Hz range. Linear regression models were fit for each region in active and quiet sleep to examine the association between the PSD slope and infant age group. Preterm versus full‐term infants demonstrated a less negative slope across multiple brain regions in active and quiet sleep. PSD slope may be an early measure of altered brain development in premature infants.
Integrating experiments and monitoring reveals extreme sensitivity of invasive winter annuals to precipitation
Authors: Rinella Matthew J. , Vermeire Lance T. , Angerer Jay P.
Published: November 2024

In arid and semiarid systems of western North America, the most damaging invasive plants are winter annuals. These plants are destroying wildlife habitat, reducing livestock production, and increasing wildfires. Monitoring these plants for lasting population changes is challenging because their abundances vary widely from year to year. Some of this variation is due to weather, and quantifying effects of weather is important for distinguishing transcient from lasting population changes and understanding effects of climate change. Fall and spring weather affect germination and seed production of the current generation of plants and, therefore, impact population sizes of subsequent generations of plants. Extensive data are required to estimate effects of fall and spring weather on multiple generations of plants. We used Bayesian statistics to integrate experimental and long‐term (31 years) monitoring data and quantify invasive annual grass [downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) and Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.)] responses to weather. Bromes ranged from nearly absent to comprising half of total biomass depending on three previous years of weather. Brome biomass increased with precipitation one, two, and three falls prior to measurement. Fall precipitation is projected to increase, and a mere 6.5 mm increase, which is just 2% of mean annual precipitation, would increase brome biomass 40% (28%, 54%) (mean [95% CI]) according to our model. Increased fall precipitation could favor many invasive winter annual grasses and forbs. Dry spring conditions reduced brome biomass the current year but increased brome biomass one and likely two (p = 0.08) years later, perhaps because dry conditions weakened perennial competitors. This finding casts doubt on several one‐year precipitation experiments that concluded drier spring weather would reduce brome abundances. Integrating short‐term experiments and long‐term monitoring is useful for estimating invasive plant responses to the weather and characterizing their responses to climate change. Our research provides predictions of brome abundances that could improve monitoring efforts by helping land managers interpret population dynamics in the context of seasonal precipitation patterns.
The VEGF‐Mediated Cytoprotective Ability of MIF‐Licensed Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in House Dust Mite‐Induced Epithelial Damage
Authors: Dunbar Hazel , Hawthorne Ian J. , Tunstead Courteney , Dunlop Molly , Volkova Evelina , Weiss Daniel J. , Santos Claudia C. dos , Armstrong Michelle E. , Donnelly Seamas C. , English Karen
Published: November 2024

Enhancing mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapeutic efficacy through licensing with proinflammatory cytokines is now well established. We have previously shown that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)‐licensed MSCs exerted significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy in reducing inflammation in house dust mite (HDM)‐driven allergic asthma. Soluble mediators released into the MSC secretome boast cytoprotective properties equal to those associated with the cell itself. In asthma, epithelial barrier damage caused by the inhalation of allergens like HDM drives goblet cell hyperplasia. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in the repair and maintenance of airway epithelial integrity. Human bone marrow‐derived MSCs expressed the MIF receptors CD74, CXCR2, and CXCR4. Endogenous MIF from high MIF expressing CATT7 bone marrow‐derived macrophages increased MSC production of VEGF through the MIF CXCR4 chemokine receptor, where preincubation with CXCR4 inhibitor mitigated this effect. CATT7‐MIF licensed MSC conditioned media containing increased levels of VEGF significantly enhanced bronchial epithelial wound healing via migration and proliferation in vitro. Blocking VEGFR2 or the use of mitomycin C abrogated this effect. Furthermore, CATT7‐MIF MSC CM significantly decreased goblet cell hyperplasia after the HDM challenge in vivo. This was confirmed to be VEGF‐dependent, as the use of anti‐human VEGF neutralising antibody abrogated this effect. Overall, this study highlights that MIF‐licenced MSCs show enhanced production of VEGF, which has the capacity to repair the lung epithelium.
First Total Synthesis of Deinococcucin A, a Key Glycolipid Found in Cell Membranes of Extremophilic Bacteria
Authors: Martins Jonathan , Bil Abed , Kovensky José , Toumieux Sylvestre , Laclef Sylvain
Published: November 2024

Deinococcucin A is a secondary metabolite isolated from a gut bacteria of carpenter ant, member of extremophilic Deinoccocus family. The structure is a glycolipid containing N‐acetyl glucosamine, linked in α anomeric position to a chiral 2,3‐dihydroxypropanamide moiety. We succeeded a new strategy starting directly from N‐acetylglucosamine and transforming in an efficient manner an allyl group to the corresponding chiral α‐hydroxyamide. Three key steps were used: the oxidation of primary amine to nitrile using TCCA, as well as its hydrolysis to the corresponding amide using palladium (II) catalyzed conditions. The synthesis was completed in only 10 steps with an overall yield of 3 %.
A Review of Contemporary Image Guidance Techniques in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Alade Adebayo , Persad Melissa , Bitar George , Dragan Alina , Fotiadis Nicos , Shur Joshua , Wong Kee Howe , Ng‐Cheng‐Hin Brian , Paleri Vinidh , Harrington Kevin , Dafydd Derfel Ap
Published: November 2024

Background

Traditional head and neck cancer treatment involves open surgery, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and conventional radiotherapy planning. Emerging techniques aim to improve precision and reduce associated toxicity and functional impairment in current practice. This review article describes four such adaptations in image guidance, tailored to next generation therapies.

Methods

This is a review of current literature, including feasibility studies from our cancer center, relating to: saline‐aided intra‐oral ultrasound‐guided retropharyngeal biopsy; intra‐oral ultrasound guided trans‐oral robotic surgery (TORS); ultrasound‐guided injection of “directly injected therapies”; and magnetic resonance imaging‐guided radiotherapy.

Results

Presented within the context of the wider literature, initial local experience and data indicate good technical outcomes and patient tolerance, and low technical complications in all four image guidance techniques.

Conclusion

Initial findings suggest a potentially important future role for these four image guidance techniques, on which next generation therapies are reliant. The broader implications on cross‐disciplinary collaboration are also explored herein.
Does preprocedural ultrasound prior to lumbar neuraxial anesthesia or analgesia increase first‐pass success in adults with obesity? A systematic review
Authors: Khoo Aaron K. , Huynh Annie , Pelecanos Anita , Eley Victoria A.
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Preprocedural ultrasound (PPU) reduces the risk of technical failure in non‐obese patients and when technical difficulty is predicted. We conducted this review to determine if PPU improves first‐pass needle insertion success for neuraxial anesthesia in patients with obesity.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review without meta‐analysis, due to the small number of included studies. The study protocol was registered (PROSPERO: CRD42022368271). We conducted searches in MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library from January 1, 1980 to October 1, 2022 for peer‐reviewed randomized controlled or observational studies comparing PPU versus landmark techniques in patients with body mass index >30 kg/m2. The quality of evidence was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized trials and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

Results

There were nine randomized controlled studies, comprising 866 patients having lumbo‐sacral neuraxial techniques. Three studies utilized a small handheld ultrasound device called Accuro™ and six utilized non‐handheld ultrasound devices. Certainty of evidence was low for improving the first‐pass success rate. There was evidence (moderate certainty) that PPU decreased number of passes, increased first insertion attempt success, and reduced number of insertion attempts. There was no evidence that PPU affected identifying time, needling time, or overall procedural time. There was no evidence that PPU influenced procedural failure rate (very low certainty evidence) and insufficient evidence to suggest that artificial intelligence‐supported handheld devices were superior to conventional ultrasound devices.

Conclusions

In patients with obesity, there is evidence of very‐low to moderate certainty that PPU improves markers of insertion success, with no indication of increased adverse effects. PPU should be used to reduce attempts. Further studies adhering to standardized outcome definitions are required for definitive recommendations.

Registration

The study protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022368271).
Development and validation of the Fall Risk Assessment Scale for patients in rehabilitation hospitals: A methodological study
Authors: Rahimi Shoeleh , Khankeh Hamid Reza , Ebadi Abbas , Mohammadian Batol , Arsalani Narges , Fallahi‐Khoshknab Masoud , Akbarfahimi Nazila , Loni Elham
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Falling is a serious threat for patient safety in hospitals. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of fall amongst rehabilitation patients and to use them for developing and validating the Persian version of Fall Risk Assessment Scale (FRAS).

Methods

The current methodological study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, based on the review of the literature and investigation of the medical records of 251 patients selected via purposive sampling, the risk factors of fall were extracted and the FRAS was developed accordingly. In the second phase, the face and content validities of the designed scale were determined by cognitive interview and Content Validity Index (CVI) and to evaluate the construct validity, known‐groups comparison was performed. Its inter‐rater reliability was analyzed using the weighted Kappa Coefficient (κ*). The study adhered to COSMIN guidelines.

Results

Fall was significantly associated with disease diagnosis, used medications, history of fall, cognitive impairments, and three items of the Functional Independence Measure (toilet transfer, bed transfer, and shoer transfer). The CVI of the scale was 0.94. The risk for falls group had a significantly higher perceived fall risk than the no risk for falls group, thus establishing known‐group validity. Its weighted kappa coefficient was >0.85, its sensitivity was 73%, and its specificity was 82%.

Conclusion

The valid and reliable FRAS may accurately assess the level of Fall Risk patients in Rehabilitation wards, helping to predict fall during hospitalization. So, enabling the planning and implementation of effective caring interventions.
Optimization of ANN Models Using Metaheuristic Algorithms for Prediction of Tailpipe Emissions in Biodiesel Engine
Authors: Suresh Shilpa , Barboza Augustine B. V. , Ashwini K. , Dinesha Pijakala
Published: November 2024

Machine learning techniques are gaining momentum in the present‐day context in most engineering applications due to their versatility and accuracy. They facilitate faster data processing coupled with a high degree of accuracy. They are extensively used in understanding and modeling engine combustion and emissions. Engine emissions significantly contribute to environmental degradation. In the current study, an effort has been made to compare the emissions recorded from a four‐stroke single‐cylinder biodiesel engine with those obtained using artificial neural network (ANN) models, where the hyperparameters have been optimized using nature‐inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms like JAYA, WOA, ROA, and WaOA. The study was conducted using diesel and cardanol‐methanol‐diesel blends of B10M10, B20M10, and B30M10, by varying the fuel injection pressure from 180 bar (standard injection timing) to 220 bar with an interval of 20 bar. Furthermore, experiments were conducted with oxygen enrichment at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7% w/w on the standard oxygen concentration of air. The study showed a remarkable reduction of 59% in CO emissions at 220 bar fuel injection pressure with 7% w/w oxygen enrichment for the B30M10 blend as compared to 180 bar without oxygen enrichment. A similar reduction of 32.6% and 16.6% were observed for HC emissions and smoke opacity for the same operating conditions. However, a rising trend of 50% was observed for NOx emissions for the same blend and operating conditions. The findings indicate that the data recorded conforms with that obtained by using the ANN model optimized through these metaheuristic algorithms.
Characterization of Extracellular Matrix Derived From Porcine Organs Decellularized Using Different Methods
Authors: Dhandapani Vignesh , Boabekoa Pakindame , Borduas Martin , Vermette Patrick
Published: November 2024

Regenerative medicine has extended the capacity of medicine to a point where tissues and organs could potentially be manufactured. This could resolve issues associated with organ transplantation. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a supportive scaffold and biochemical cues allowing cells to attach, proliferate, and differentiate. The ECM is composed of different fibrous proteins and proteoglycans. The extensive value of ECM lies in its dynamic microenvironment that aids in cell proliferation, differentiation, and regulation of intercellular communication. In this study, four methods were applied to decellularize porcine organs. The ECMs were characterized by histological methods illustrating the absence of nuclei and the presence of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and collagen. Hematoxylin and eosin analysis of native pancreas revealed necrosis by auto‐digestion, also supported by a reduced dsDNA content, and could have led to the destruction of Type IV collagen, laminins, and other proteins in the resulting ECMs, as confirmed by mass spectrometry. DNA quantification of ECM revealed residual dsDNA contents lower than those of the native organs. Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay showed a difference in protein content between organs. Mass spectrometry coupled with proteomic analysis highlighted a significant difference in the protein composition. The number of different proteins, in some cases with more than 2700, in the produced ECM depended on the applied decellularization technique. Polarization microscopy indicated differences in the orientation of collagen fibers. This study provides a multimodal approach to characterize ECMs produced using different decellularization techniques, aiding in finding a balance between maintaining the ultrastructure and composition of ECM, while removing cellular components.
Mediterranean Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Under Salinity Stress: Effects on Antioxidant Capacity and Gill Structure
Authors: Andreyeva Aleksandra , Gostyukhina Olga , Gavruseva Tatyana , Sigacheva Tatyana , Tkachuk Anastasiya , Podolskaya Mariya , Chelebieva Elina , Kladchenko Ekaterina
Published: November 2024

Bivalve mollusks frequently experience salinity fluctuations that may drive oxidative stress (OS) in the organism. Here we investigated OS markers and histopathological changes in gills and hemolymph of Mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 exposed to a wide range of salinities (6, 10, 14, 24, and 30 ppt). Mussels were captured at the shellfish farm with the salinity 18 ppt and then exposed to hypo‐ and hypersaline conditions in the laboratory. Indicators of redox balance in hemocytes (intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, DNA damage) and gills (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls (PC), activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. The effect of salinity stress on microstructure of gills has been evaluated as well. The results revealed induction of OS in tissues and cells of mussels for both experimental increase and decrease salinity modelings. Hemocytes showed higher sensitivity to osmotic stress compared to gills. In gills TBARS were stable in all experimental groups and PC increased only at salinity 6 ppt. The activity of SOD, CAT and GPx in gills decreased only in mussels acclimated to salinity 24 ppt and further salinisation up to 30 ppt was associated with the recovery of the activity of all enzymes. Major histopathological changes in gills upon salinity fluctuations included inflammatory reactions, circulatory alterations, regressive and progressive changes. Our findings clearly indicate that salinity fluctuations promote OS at cellular and tissue level and also affect microstructure of gills in mussels. The results provide new insights into the mechanisms of osmotic stress in bivalves.
Exploring the Association Between Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity and Quality of Life
Authors: Ensing Amy E. , Getahun Henok , Lin Rebecca Z. , Zhang Amy L. , Landes Emma K. , Lieu Judith E. C.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and quality of life (QOL).

Study Design

This study was a cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

Patients aged 2–18 years being evaluated for OSA were recruited from a pediatric otolaryngology clinic and sleep center. Participants completed the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Questionnaire (OSA‐18) and the PedsQL™ Multidimensional Fatigue Score (MFS).

Results

Responses of 18 control participants without OSA, 26 participants with clinically resolved OSA, 19 with non‐obstructive sleep disordered breathing (SDB), 29 with mild OSA, 21 with moderate OSA, and 27 with severe OSA were analyzed. OSA‐18 scores for controls were lower (indicating higher QOL) than patients with SDB (mean difference [MD] = −31.1; 95% CI −42.7 to −19.5), mild OSA (MD = −30.4; 95% CI −40.1 to −20.7), moderate OSA (MD = −23.6; 95% CI −34.5 to −12.7), or severe OSA (MD = −40.1; 95% CI −50.0 to −30.2). Participants with resolved OSA also had lower OSA‐18 scores than participants in the SDB and OSA groups. Few differences were observed between the SDB, mild OSA, moderate OSA, and severe OSA groups on either the OSA‐18 or PedsQL MFS, and these did not demonstrate a clear pattern. Linear regression of apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and OSA‐18 or PedsQL MFS scores revealed weak relationships (R2 < 0.1).

Conclusion

Using both an OSA‐specific measure and generic fatigue measure, no consistent differences in QOL scores were found between children with varying OSA severities. Therefore, disease burden in pediatric patients with mild OSA and SDB should not be underestimated.

Level of Evidence

Level 3 Laryngoscope, 2024
The “Hedgehog‐Halo Sign” Is Associated with Gait Symptom Severity and Tap Response in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Ha Jongmok , Lee Suin , Kim Seongmi , Lee Jun Seok , Ahn Jong Hyeon , Cho Jin Whan , Fasano Alfonso , Youn Jinyoung
Published: November 2024

Background

Reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance may play a vital role in the pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), but the radiologic marker is yet to be elucidated.

Objectives

This open‐label study presents two novel neuroimaging biomarkers based on enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS) of the sub‐insular territory: the Hedgehog and Hedgehog‐Halo (H‐H) sign, designed to predict gait symptom severity and tap response in NPH.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 203 patients with possible NPH with baseline magnetic resonance imaging and gait analyses before and after lumbar puncture (LP). The Hedgehog/H‐H sign was scored using T2‐weighted images. The clinical severity at baseline and post‐tap gait improvement was compared in patients with and without Hedgehog/H‐H sign. The association between Hedgehog/H‐H sign and post‐tap gait outcomes was assessed using multivariate regression. The diagnostic performance of Hedgehog/H‐H sign was compared with conventional radiological markers.

Results

Patients with H‐H showed higher global disability and more severe gait impairment than those without any signs. Following LP, patients with Hedgehog/H‐H sign significantly improved in various gait parameters, unlike those with neither sign. Additionally, sub‐insular ePVS was significantly associated with post‐tap gait improvement after adjusting covariates. Finally, the Hedgehog/H‐H sign showed a higher performance than conventional markers in predicting post‐tap gait response.

Conclusions

The Hedgehog/H‐H sign is a useful neuroimaging biomarker related to the severity and tap response in NPH. This biomarker can be readily applied in clinical practice before undergoing LP, independent of conventional radiological signs. Further research is warranted to determine applicability in predicting post‐shunt gait response.
Simulating the onset of damage in DCDC tests using a novel gradient‐extended damage model for tension‐compression asymmetry
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Qinghua , Reese Stefanie , Brepols Tim
Published: November 2024

In the present work, an existing framework for gradient‐extended damage is extended to simulate the damage onset in double cleavage drilled compression (DCDC) tests. The main idea is to consider the different evolution of the damage variable under tensile and compressive loading. More specifically, the star‐convex decomposition is exploited to split the strain energy into an active part and an inactive part, and only the active part drives the evolution of the damage variable in the compressive regime. A parameter adopted in the star‐convex decomposition is applied to calibrate the compressive strength independently from the tensile strength, such that the current model can simulate different types of the damage onset. Furthermore, the strengthening effect induced by damage hardening is discussed in this work.
A posteriori error estimates for a coupled piezoelectric model
Authors: Langer Ulrich , Repin Sergey , Samrowski Tatiana
Published: November 2024

The paper addresses a coupled problem describing piezoelectric effects in an elastic body. In this context, we derive upper bounds for the distance between the exact solution and any approximation within the corresponding energy class of functions that satisfy the boundary conditions. These upper bounds are fully computable and do not involve mesh‐dependent constants. They vanish if and only if an approximate solution exactly matches the exact one, offering a practical measure of accuracy based on the natural energy norm associated with the studied coupled problem.
Mechanical properties of basalt/jute fiber composites to improve the phenomenon of drawing delamination
Authors: Cao Zhiguo , He Jianmin , Zhang Yuhui , Hu Yingcheng
Published: November 2024

In recent years, natural fibers have been commonly used to reinforce various polymers, resulting in composites with excellent mechanical properties. To address the challenge of delamination and significant fiber pull‐out in inter‐laminar hybrid composites during stretching, this study focused on preparing intra‐laminar hybrid textile composites using basalt fibers (BFs) and jute fibers (JFs) as raw materials. Moreover, the mechanical properties of BF/JF intra‐layer blended fabric composites were investigated. The prepared composites underwent tensile, flexural, impact, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results indicated that intra‐laminar blended composites demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to inter‐laminar blended fabric composites. The DMA results revealed that the intra‐laminar blended composites featured a high peak loss factor. Morphological analysis indicated enhanced stress transfer from fiber‐to‐fiber and fiber‐to‐matrix in the intra‐laminar blended composites.

Highlights

Fiber blending can expand the application areas of natural fibers.

Fiber blending can reduce interlayer damage.

Intra‐layer blending differs from interlayer hybrid composites.

Strong bonding between fibers facilitates effective stress transfer.

“Green” composites exhibit exceptional mechanical properties.
Public attitudes and knowledge about self‐injury: A cross‐sectional web‐based survey of Japanese adults
Authors: Takahashi Masaru , Imahara Kasumi , Miyamoto Yukiko , Myojo Kayoko , Yasuda Michiko , Kadomodo Izumi
Published: November 2024

Aim

Nonsuicidal self‐injury is common among adolescents. Dispelling related public misconceptions is essential for creating effective prevention and intervention strategies, as these myths contribute to stigmatization. This study examined the prevalence of self‐injury myths among the Japanese public and explored how demographics and personal experiences influence these beliefs.

Methods

A nationwide web‐based self‐report survey of 2000 Japanese adults (mean age = 44.6 ± 14.3 years) examined their agreement with 14 scientifically unsupported self‐injury beliefs. Endorsement rates for each myth were calculated, and the associations between myth beliefs and other variables were explored.

Results

Fourteen myths were analyzed, with endorsement rates of 21.0%–68.7%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that men were more likely to endorse the myth that self‐injury is uncommon (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17–1.79), whereas women were more prone to myths about the rarity of self‐injury, using a single method, stimulation as the exclusive purpose, wrist‐cutting prevalence, and average onset age. Younger participants were more likely to believe that self‐injury is solely for stimulation than other age groups. Those with human‐service professional experience were more likely to view self‐injury as attention‐seeking compared to those without such experience (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.07–2.46). With some exceptions, individuals who expressed confidence in their ability to respond to self‐injurers were more likely to endorse the myths.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions to dispel misconceptions about self‐injury and improve public understanding of this complex behavior.
Quantensensor mit atomarer Auflösung
Authors: Esat Taner , Temirov Ruslan , Tautz F. Stefan , Heinrich Andreas J.
Published: November 2024

Quantensensoren ermöglichen die Messung physikalischer Größen mit hoher Empfindlichkeit. Ein neuartiger Quantensensor, der auf einem Molekül an der Spitze eines Rastertunnelmikroskops basiert, erlaubt die Messung elektrischer und magnetischer Felder einzelner Atome mit – und das ist der eigentliche Durchbruch – einer räumlichen Auflösung von weniger als einem Atomdurchmesser.
Gott, Pendel und immer wieder die Brandung des Ozeans
Authors: Loos Andreas
Published: November 2024

Auf den Namen des gläubigen Pfarrerssohns stoßen noch heute alle, die Physik studieren.
Hemodynamic markers independent of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure can discriminate between pre and postcapillary exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Montovano Margaret , Scheel Paul J. , Cubero Salazar Ilton M. , Hassoun Paul M. , Tedford Ryan J. , Hsu Steven
Published: November 2024

The discrimination between pre and postcapillary exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension relies on accurate measurement of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, which can be unreliable. We found that exercise pulmonary artery compliance and right atrial pressure (AUC 0.88, 0.89, respectively) can differentiate subtypes of exercise‐induced pulmonary hypertension in the absence of wedge pressure.
Permutation Test for Image‐on‐Scalar Regression With an Application to Breast Cancer
Authors: Jiang Shu , Colditz Graham A.
Published: November 2024

Image based screening is now routinely available for early detection of cancer and other diseases. Quantitative analysis for effects of risk factors on digital images is important to extract biological insights for modifiable factors in prevention studies and understand pathways for targets in preventive drugs. However, current approaches are restricted to summary measures within the image with the assumption that all relevant features needed to characterize an image can be identified and appropriately quantified. Motivated by data challenges in breast cancer, we propose a nonparametric statistical framework for risk factor screening that uses the whole mammogram image as outcome. The proposed permutation test allows assessment of whether a set of scalar risk factors is associated with the whole image in the presence of correlated residuals across the spatial domain. We provide extensive simulation studies and illustrate an application to the Joanne Knight Breast Health Cohort using the mammogram imaging data.
Nanocomposite Material Sb2S3:SnS:MnS2 its Fabrication and Utilization as Efficient Electrode for Energy Storage in Supercapacitor
Authors: Ijaz Muhammad , Shahzad Ahmad Khuram , Nawaz Faisal , Makawana Bhumikaben , Gupta Ram K. , Abdel‐Maksoud Mostafa A. , Al‐Qahtani Wahidah H. , Malik Abdul
Published: November 2024

The nanocomposite material Sb2S3: SnS:MnS2 was fabricated by single precursor technique by using dithio‐carbamate ligand as Sb2S3:SnS:MnS2 (DDTC) complex. An internal and external look at the anatomy and activity of the substance was obtained by using a variety of analytical techniques like XRD, FTIR, UV‐Vis and SEM. Additionally, various electro‐analytical tools like LSV, CV, GCD and EIS were applied to confirm material's rich electro‐active capability for photoactive electrode. XRD revealed its average crystallite size of 12.33 nm with 82.8 % crystallinity. Optical characteristics represented describe effective semiconducting nature of nanomaterials with optimum band gap of 2.65 eV. By using electrochemical processes, LSV and CV demonstrated fertile opto‐electrical nature of Sb2S3: SnS: MnS2 (DDTC) material with specific capacitance, Csp, of 1080 F/g at scan rate of 2 mV/s. With a high specific power density of 2656 W/kg, the GCD technique attempted to validate the nature of the material as an electrode with a good charge‐discharge mechanism. In EIS, low series resistance, Rs=0.73 Ω, was observed to be very beneficial argument in validating the nanocomposite synthesized in this research project as effective and low‐cost material which can be applied in different energy producing and storing devices like solar system and super‐capacitors etc.
Comparison of Novel 1 GPa Low‐Carbon, Low‐Alloyed Steel Produced with Simulated and Laboratory‐Scale Thermomechanical Controlled Processes
Authors: Nousiainen Olli , Hannula Jaakko , Saukko Sami , Kaijalainen Antti , Kömi Jukka
Published: November 2024

A laboratory‐scale hot‐rolled Ti–Mo–V–Nb steel with 1 GPa tensile strength is produced, and its microstructure and tensile properties are characterized using advanced analysis techniques and uniaxial tensile testing. A Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator is used to determine a process window for the thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) procedure. Although the simulated TMCP specimens are fully ferritic at coiling temperatures (CT) of 590 and 630 °C, the bainitic and mixed (bainitic + ferritic) microstructure is formed in the hot‐rolled steels. The variation in the microstructure causes variations in the dislocation density through the sheet thickness, which significantly reduces the steel's ductility properties, whereas a 16% elongation is achieved with the fully bainitic microstructure. Another significant difference between the simulated TMCP and hot‐rolled specimens is the precipitation behavior. No nanosized interphase‐precipitated (IP) carbides are formed in the hot‐rolled steel during the austenite‐to‐ferrite phase transformation, although the formation of the nanosized spherical IPs is observed within the polygonal ferrite grains of the simulated TMCP specimens at the CT of 630 °C. Relatively coarse (5–20 nm) spherical (V,Mo,Ti,Nb)C carbides do not strongly affect the tensile properties of the hot‐rolled Ti–Mo–V–Nb steel. The results show that the dislocation and grain boundary strengthening mainly contribute to the strength properties of this steel.
Impact of the Replacement of Pitch Binder by the Environmentally Friendly Binder System Based on Lactose and Tannin on the Properties of Carbon‐Bonded Alumina Filters
Authors: Bock‐Seefeld Benjamin , Weigelt Christian , Baumann Benedict , Wetzig Tony , Wu Xian , Hubálková Jana , Aneziris Christos G.
Published: November 2024

Carbon‐bonded alumina filters have been established in the steel industry for decades to increase the quality of cast steel components. The carbon bonding of the filter materials is commonly achieved by using pitches or resins. However, the pyrolysis of both substances results in the release of carcinogenic substances such as free phenols or benzo[a]pyrene. An alternative binder system is provided by lactose and tannin, which is considered to be more environmentally friendly, but they tend to result in insufficient mechanical filter properties.To ensure higher environmental sustainability and good mechanical properties, the effect of the stepwise replacement of the pitch‐binder CarboresP by lactose and tannin is investigated in the present study. Additionally, the impact of semiconductive additives (P‐doped n–Si and SiC) and the filter manufacturing method on the filter properties is analyzed. Based on the most promising filter composition, different lactose/tannin (L/T) ratios (5:1, 4:1, 3:1) are applied and the resulting properties evaluated. The results suggested that the pitch binder can be completely replaced by lactose and tannin by using SiC as additive and adjusting the filter manufacturing process. The variation of the L/T ratio shows no significant impact on the filter prope.
Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Reeled X65 Pipeline Steel during Cyclic Plastic Deformation and Natural Aging
Authors: Wu Qianlin , Ge Jialu , Hu Ping , Zhang Zhonghua , Fan Chunhua , Zhong Ning
Published: November 2024

The reel laying is recognized as a cost‐effective installation process for offshore pipelines. However, the mechanical properties are modified due to plastic deformation during the reel laying and lowering process of reeled pipelines and the subsequent natural aging in service. Cyclic plastic deformation (CPD) is conducted on X65 pipeline steel to simulate the strain experienced in the reel‐laying and lowering process, and then, the CPD specimen is aged at 250 °C to simulate natural aging in service. The dislocation configurations gradually evolve from dislocation lines and tangles into dislocation walls and cells due to the increase in strain level. After CPD and aging, the tensile strength increases by about 25 MPa, which is not significantly affected by the last introduced load direction and strain level. At the end of compressive loading, the yield strength and yield ratio decrease, but the uniform elongation increases significantly. In contrast, at the end of tensile loading, the yield strength and yield ratio increase, but the uniform elongation decreases slightly. The yield strength further increases as the strain level increases from 2 to 3%. Therefore, CPD and aging modify the mechanical properties of X65, considerably depending on the last introduced load direction and strain level.
Developing supervised machine learning algorithms to classify lettuce foliar tissue samples into interpretation zones for 11 plant essential nutrients
Authors: Veazie Patrick , Chen Hsuan , Hicks Kristin , Holley Jake , Eylands Nathan , Mattson Neil , Boldt Jennifer , Brewer Devin , Lopez Roberto , Whipker Brian
Published: November 2024

Greenhouse crop nutrient management recommendations based on foliar tissue testing rely heavily on human interpretation, which can result in recommendation variations and errors. Critical nutrient ranges vary for each species, and the potential for error in interpretation increases due to this complexity. Machine learning can be utilized to develop algorithms to accurately classify new information using models developed on known data from a training dataset. This study examines four different machine learning algorithms (J48, random forest [RF], sequential minimal optimization [SMO], and multilayer perceptron [MLP]) by two different cross‐validation strategies (10‐fold and 66% split) to determine if machine learning can be utilized to accurately classify foliar tissue samples within corresponding nutrient ranges. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) foliar tissue samples (n = 1950) from a variety of controlled experiments and diagnostic samples from state and private labs were compiled and assigned to one of five nutrient ranges of deficient, low, sufficient, high, or excessive for each of 11 plant essential nutrients of interest based on Gamma or Weibull distributions. Individual machine learning algorithms were developed for each nutrient. For all examined essential nutrients, J48 or RF yielded the >98% greatest percentage correct classification when compared to MLP or SMO. This study establishes the novel use of machine learning for lettuce foliar nutrient analysis results interpretation with a higher accuracy rate than by traditional statistical methods.
Implementing Quality Systems in the Management of the Animal Care and Use Program
Authors: Guillén Javier , Kalman Rony , Wells Sara , Gardiner Mark , Steckler Thomas
Published: November 2024

The laboratory animal science community is moving toward increasing the quality of their work. There are two main reasons for that: first, the objective of improving the care and use of the animals to ensure animal well-being; and second, the general trend by animal researchers toward enhancing the quality, reproducibility, and translatability of the research outcome. Therefore, animal care and use program managers are more and more involved, by personal and/or institutional commitment, in the implementation of quality practices in all animal program areas. In addition to internal quality measures, that may or may not be imposed by regulations, there are several external quality systems that can, and have been traditionally applied, to animal care and use programs. The practical aspects of the implementation of the three most common quality systems in the animal research environment (AAALAC International, GLP, and ISO) are described.
Non-supersymmetric heterotic strings and chiral CFTs
Authors: De Freitas Héctor Parra
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Non-supersymmetric heterotic strings share various properties with their supersymmetric counterparts. Torus compactifications of the latter live in a component of the moduli space of string vacua with 16 supercharges, and various asymmetric orbifolds thereof realize vacua in other components, exhibiting qualitative differences such as rank reduction. We set out to study the analogous problem for non-supersymmetric heterotic strings, framing it in relation to chiral fermionic CFTs with central charge 24, which were classified recently. We find that for the case analogous to the so-called CHL string, which has gauge group rank reduced by 8, there are in total four non-supersymmetric versions. These include the well known E8 string and three other constructions a la CHL, which can be distinguished qualitatively by how tachyons appear in their classical moduli spaces. We also discuss the classification problem for lower rank theories and the relationship between MSDS models and Scherk-Schwarz reductions.