bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Children's Reading Abilities: The Mediating Role of Home Learning Environment and the Moderating Role of Grade Level
Authors: Li Yageng , Yu Yingqi , Zhang Siqi , Gao Minqi , Yang Xiujie
Published: December 2024

Family socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to be associated with children’s academic development. However, how SES influences children’s reading ability across grades still warrants investigation. This study recruited 1st - through 6th -grade children (N = 1,534) and examined the role of Home Learning Environment in the relationship between SES and reading development. The results revealed that the number of books at home and the earliest reading age mediated the impact of SES on children’s reading, whereas family teaching activities did not have the expected mediating effect. Grade level moderated the influence of SES and reading age on reading; that is, as grade level increased, earlier reading age and higher family SES contributed more to children’s reading performance. These findings illustrate how SES affects children’s reading through Home Learning Environment across grades, which offers practical insights for guiding family activities in promoting reading development.
The expression changes endothelial and fibrinolytic biomarkers in acute ischemic stroke patients with OSA
Authors: Huang Zhencan , Zhang Yanan , Sun Qingqing , Wang Zan
Published: December 2024

Objective
To assess the expression changes of serum fibrinogen, E-selectin, and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with varying degrees of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), and evaluate their value in diagnosing AIS with OSA.
Methods
Data were gathered from 80 patients with AIS who were admitted to the First Hospital of Jilin University between January 2023 and December 2023. Out of these, 60 patients completed the NIHSS Scale, ESS Scale, STOP-Bang Scale, and underwent polysomnography within a week of symptom onset. Based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score, patients were categorized into three groups: 15 in the non-exposed group (AHI < 5), 15 in the mildly exposed group (5 ≤ AHI ≤ 15), and 30 in the moderately to severely exposed group (AHI > 15). Serum levels of fibrinogen, E-selectin, and t-PA were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Polysomnography results indicated AIS with OSA had an increased arousal index and oxygen desaturation index (P < 0.001). Additionally, serum levels of fibrinogen, E-selectin, and t-PA were markedly elevated in the moderately-severely exposed group compared to the non-exposed group (P < 0.001), and these levels positively correlated with the severity of OSA. ROC curves showed the sensitivities of serum of fibrinogen, E-selection, and t-PA was 84.4%, 80%, and 82.2%, respectively, and the specificities of 60%, 66.7%, and 66.7%, compared with that of PSG respectively.
Conclusion
The expression of serum fibrinogen, E-selectin, and t-PA is elevated in AIS with OSA and correlates with the severity of OSA.
Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping – Attitudes and Beliefs among Midwives, Obstetricians, and Neonatologists
Authors: Wilander Maria , Ekelöf Katarina , Sæther Elisabeth , Berglund Denice , Patriksson Katarina , Svedenkrans Jenny , Rabe Heike , Andersson Ola , Thies-Lagergren Li
Published: December 2024

Objective
To assess the attitudes and beliefs about cord clamping management among health professionals involved in neonatal resuscitation.
Study design:
A cross-sectional survey was administered electronically, using an adaptation of the questionnaire developed by Jelin et al. The survey was conducted among midwives, nursing staff, obstetricians, and pediatricians/neonatologists from September 2022 to August 2023. Results were analyzed descriptively.
Result
Of 838 respondents analyzed, 94% reported cord clamping timing being “very or moderately important” for neonatal outcomes. Midwives were more likely to use an event-based approach to cord clamping compared to physicians. Among midwives and pediatric physicians, 27% and 10% respectively preferred an event-based approach to cord clamping in resuscitation situations. Obstetricians predominantly selected < 30 s as the preferred timing for cord clamping in resuscitation scenarios.
Conclusion
Timing of cord clamping is considered important among respondents. Midwives and physicians differ in their approach to cord clamping.
Deciphering the rhizosphere microbiota composition of nature farming soybean (Glycine max L.) with different nodulation phenotypes
Authors: Agyekum Dominic V. A. , Dastogeer Khondoker M. G. , Okazaki Shin
Published: December 2024

Background
Nature farming, a sustainable agricultural method which avoids agrochemicals and untreated organic amendments, promotes both agricultural productivity and ecological conservation. This system may foster unique plant-microbiota interactions for growth and fitness; however the microbiota of nature-farmed plants remains largely unexplored. Second, root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is crucial for nitrogen fixation in legumes; however, its broader impact on rhizosphere microbiota assembly is not well understood. This study examined the dynamics between impaired nodule symbiosis, soil management, and the rhizosphere microbiota composition and growth of soybean (Glycine max L.).
Results
We evaluated the growth and characterized the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities of soybean by comparing wildtype soybeans (Enrei) with the non-nodulating mutants (En1282) across four soils under conventional and nature farming, including fumigated and unfumigated conditions. We found that the non-nodulating soybean mutants (En1282) exhibited reduced growth compared with wild-type (Enrei) plants, especially in untreated soils. Soil fumigation decreased microbial diversity and reshaped rhizosphere community composition with a significant reduction in plant growth and nodulation in all soils. Restriction in RNS increased bacterial diversity in untreated soils, possibly as a compensatory mechanism for nitrogen acquisition, whereas fungal diversity remained relatively stable. Nature farming promoted beneficial microbes like Rhizobium, Trichoderma, and Chloridium, whereas conventional soil plants favored Bacillus and Aspergillus. Notably, differential enrichment analysis identified distinct associations for each nodulation phenotype, with Enrei predominantly enriched for Pseudomonas, and En1282 associated primarily with oligotrophic microbes.
Conclusion
Our study sheds light on the complex interplay between legume symbiosis and rhizosphere microbiota assembly and highlights the significance of eco-friendly farming methods like nature farming in cultivating a healthy rhizosphere for plant growth. The results paves way for future strategies to manipulate rhizosphere microbiota, ultimately promoting robust and sustainable farming systems that reduce reliance on chemical inputs.
Anti-Ro-52 antibody is a risk factor for recurrence in interstitial lung disease with positive anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase antibody: A single-center, retrospective observational study
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi , Arita Machiko , Sato Ryoju , Amano Akihiko , Tanaka Ayaka , Hamakawa Masamitsu , Ishida Tadashi , Tachibana Hiromasa
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Anti-synthetic syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease (ASS-ILD) recurs in approximately 56% of cases, with recurrence associated with poor long-term prognosis; however, there are few reports on the risk factors for recurrence. While anti-Ro52 antibodies are considered risk factors for rapidly progressing interstitial lung disease in ASS, their role in ASS-ILD recurrence remains unclear. ༷e aimed to evaluate the association between anti-Ro52 antibody and the recurrence of ASS-ILD.
Methods
This single-center, retrospective cohort study included 97 patients diagnosed with ASS-ILD between January 2010 and August 2023 who underwent induction remission therapy with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents (tacrolimus, cyclosporine, and cyclophosphamide). Patients were classified into anti-Ro52 antibody-positive and anti-Ro52 antibody-negative groups. A competing risk analysis was conducted, with the primary endpoint being ASS-ILD recurrence or interstitial pneumonia (IP)-related death and death from other causes as the competing risk. Multivariate analysis identified recurrence factors.
Results
Forty-four patients were in the anti-Ro52 antibody-positive group and 53 in the anti-Ro52 antibody-negative group. There were no differences between the groups regarding initial and recurrence steroid doses, type of immunosuppressive drugs, and number of discontinued cases. The anti-Ro52 antibody-positive group had a significantly higher rate of recurrent ASS-ILD or ILD-related death in a competing risk analysis (P = 0.011). In multivariate analysis, the anti-Ro52 antibody was identified as an independent risk factor for ASS-ILD recurrence (hazard ratio = 1.84 [1.01–3.36], P = 0.047).
Conclusion
Anti-Ro52 antibodies are a risk factor for ASS-ILD recurrence.
Pharmacogenomic associations with HIV-1 virologic suppression in TB/HIV patients
Authors: Ridolfi Felipe , Amorim Gustavo , Haas David W. , Arriaga Maria , Staats Cody , Cordeiro-Santos Marcelo , Kritski Afrânio L. , Figueiredo Marina C. , Andrade Bruno B. , Sterling Timothy R. , Rolla Valeria C. , (RePORT-Brazil) Regional Prospective Observational Research in Tuberculosis
Published: December 2024

Background: Human genetic variants can affect TB and HIV drug metabolism, which may lead to toxicity or treatment failure. We evaluated associations between genetic variants of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV-1 outcomes among TB/HIV patients.
Methods: We included RePORT-Brazil participants with TB/HIV who initiated standard TB treatment [2 months of isoniazid/rifampicin (or rifabutin)/pyrazinamide/ethambutol, then 4 months or more of isoniazid/rifampicin (or rifabutin)], and ART. The endpoint was HIV-1 virologic suppression (defined as <1,000 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, for primary analysis, and <50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, for secondary analysis) after at least 2 weeks of ART. We compared non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based ART regimens. We genotyped CYP2B6 (rs3745274, rs28399499, rs4803419; affects efavirenz metabolism) and UGT1A1 (rs887829; affects dolutegravir and raltegravir metabolism); all have defined normal, intermediate, and slow genotypes. Genotyping was performed by MassARRAY iPLEX Gold. We compared outcome proportions (Fisher’s test) and time-to- virologic suppression (survival analysis, Wilcoxon-Gehan test).
Results: Among 194 TB/HIV participants included, efavirenz was the most frequent NNRTI ([n=76], one participant received etravirine), and raltegravir was the most frequent INSTI (n=88). The overall virologic suppression was suboptimal, with 32% (n=62) of participants not achieving HIV-1 virologic suppression. Among them, 36% (n=28) used efavirenz-based ART and were more likely to be CYP2B6 normal metabolizers (n=8, 44%); and 30% (n=30) used INSTI-based ART and the UGT1A1 normal genotype was also the most common (n=13, 50%). The median time to virologic suppression for efavirenz-based ART was 184 days (95% Confidence Interval (CI)160-207), and for INSTI-based ART, 188 days (95% CI 144-231) (p=0.84). No significant associations were found comparing the proportions and time to virologic suppression among CYP2B6 and UGT1A1genotypes.
Conclusions: In this observational cohort of patients treated for TB/HIV, the proportion of participants achieving virologic suppression was low, and genetic variants affecting ART metabolism were not significantly associated with the likelihood of virologic suppression.
White Matter Volume and Microstructural Integrity Are Associated with Fatigue in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Figueroa-Vargas Alejandra , Navarrete Sebastián , Cárcamo Claudia , Ciampi Ethel , Vásquez Macarena , Soler Bernardita , Montalva Cristian , Iriarte-Carter Matías , Martínez-Molina María Paz , Carvajal-Paredes Patricio , Ayala-Ochoa Mariana , Márquez-Rodríguez Víctor , Figueroa-Taiba Paulo , Díaz-Díaz Marcela , Herrero Joaquín , Henríquez-Ch Rodrigo , Stecher Ximena , Manterola Carla , Zamorano Francisco , Guevara Pamela , Aboitiz Francisco , Billeke Pablo
Published: December 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent neurological disorder marked by inflammation and demyelination, with fatigue being one of the most reported and debilitating symptoms. While fatigue occurs across various neurological conditions and even in healthy individuals, the specific mechanisms contributing to fatigue in each context remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis involving 33 people with relapsing MS (PwRMS) and 29 healthy controls who also reported fatigue. Participants underwent MRI scans, including T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging, to evaluate brain structure. Additionally, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale was utilized. To investigate the hypothesis that fatigue correlates differently with brain structures in PwRMS, we employed Bayesian LASSO and Spike-and-Slab LASSO regression models. Our findings indicated that lower white matter volume and compromised microstructural integrity in specific brain regions—such as the caudate part of cingulate gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and the banks of the superior temporal sulcus—were significantly associated with fatigue scores in PwRMS. These results suggest that alterations in specific brain regions may play a critical role in the clinical manifestation of fatigue in MS. Understanding these insights could help differentiate general mechanisms of fatigue from those affecting people with relapsing MS, which may guide future therapeutic strategies.
Psychometric Properties and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the 6-item UCLA Loneliness Scale among Older Iranian People
Authors: Bahadori Farzaneh , Asadollahi Abdolrahim , Ghajari Ogholgol , Yarelahi Mahsa
Published: December 2024

Background
Loneliness is common in old individuals, and the UCLA loneliness scale is one of the most reliable tools for measuring loneliness worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the 6-item UCLA loneliness scale in the Iranian older population.
Methods
In this psychometric study, we outline the translation and validation of the 6-item UCLA loneliness scale among 612 older adults with a mean age of 68.2 ± 7.2 years (females = 60.9%) in 2023. The participants were selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected through face‒to-face interviews via the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Loneliness Scale, Oxford Happiness Scale, and demographic questionnaire. The data were analyzed via SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 25 software. The content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency were investigated, and ROC analysis and convergent validity were also assessed.
Results
Approximately two-thirds of the participants were married, and three-fourths had at least one chronic condition. The EFA assigned a two-factor solution for the UCLA loneliness scale, confirmed by CFA (GFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.91, and RMSEA = 0.056). Internal consistency was confirmed by the ICCs, Cronbach’s alphas, and McDonald’s Omega values (a ≥ 0.90). The ROC analysis indicated an exact cutoff value for older adults with and without severe loneliness with high sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusion
The Persian version of the 6-Item UCLA loneliness scale presented adequate psychometric properties and could be used to confidently measure loneliness in community-dwelling older adults.
Effect of Single-Visit Full-Mouth Non-Surgical Therapy on Long-Term Periodontal Treatment Outcomes: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mandil Obada , Alrmali Abdusalam , Kalani Khushboo , Ray Bidisha , Ghataliya Parth , Alhazmi Shahad , Levine Robert A , Saleh Muhammad H.A. , Wang Hom-Lay
Published: December 2024

Background
Managing periodontitis typically involves time-intensive biofilm removal. Single-visit full-mouth instrumentation presents a potential approach for controlling disease progression during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). This study examines its efficacy and identifies factors contributing to tooth loss due to periodontitis (TLP) after such therapy.
Methods
Data from the University of Michigan School of Dentistry's patient charts were analyzed retrospectively. Included were patients with periodontal breakdown during SPT (PiKS) treated with single-visit full-mouth ultrasonic instrumentation. Periodontal status at baseline and follow-up were compared. Statistical analyses were conducted using multi-level binary logistic regression with generalized estimation equations (GEE) and linear regression models.
Results
Among 283 patients (mean age: 53.2 years), the mean TLP was 0.9 teeth per patient over a mean follow-up of 19.4 years. Factors significantly associated with TLP included diabetes (OR = 2.41; p = 0.013), current smoking (OR = 2.13; p = 0.025), higher periodontitis Grades B and C (OR = 3.31; p = 0.001), and Stages III-IV (OR = 8.67; p = 0.001). Baseline pocket depths ≥ 5mm (OR = 1.13; p = 0.002) and ≥ 6mm (OR = 1.29; p = 0.001) were also associated with higher TLP. Each additional annual SPT visit reduced the TLP risk by half (OR = 0.50; p = 0.003). Pocket depths ≥ 5mm showed minimal increase change (0.16; p = 0.02), while depths ≥ 6mm actually decreased (-0.10; p = 0.01).
Conclusion
Single-visit full-mouth instrumentation is effective for managing PiKS. Diabetes, smoking, severe periodontitis Stages, Grades, and deeper baseline pockets are predictors of TLP.
PeiTuQingXin Formula alleviated Atopic Dermatitis symptoms via inhibiting TRADD/TRAF2/RIP1 complex mediated NF-κB signaling pathway activation
Authors: Cheng Zixuan , Ma Xin , Luo Feng , Mo Xiumei , Liu Junfeng , Chen Dachan , Yan Fenggen
Published: December 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with recurrent course, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was regarded to exert improvement in treating AD patients. This study aims to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects and mechanism of PTQX formula in treating house dust mite (HDM)-induced AD model. Briefly, the NC/Nga mouse was divided into control, AD and PTQX group (n=5) and stimulated with HDM oinment. PTQX formula exerted significant anti-inflammation effect, alleviated dermatitis performance, decreased the serum IgE and other inflammatory cytokines level, and downregulated the Th2 cells ratio in lymph node. The inflammatory cytokines level was measured by an inflammatory cytokine array kit (RayBio®), and decreased inflammatory cytokines level was found after PTQX formula intervention. KEGG pathway enrichment revealed the anti-inflammation effect was exerted via regulating NF-κB and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The data independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics analysis results showed expression of totally 149 proteins were regulated by PTQX formula, meanwhile the TRADD expression was significantly downregulated. Western blot results showed the expression of TRADD/TRAF2/RIP1 complex was decreased in the skin tissue of PTQX group, accompanied by inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway activity. This finding indicated the treating effect of PTQX formula is exerted via inhibiting the expression of TRADD/TRAF2/RIP1 complex and downregulating the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway.
Comparisons among radiologist, MR findings and radiomics-clinical models in predicting placenta accreta spectrum disorders: a multicenter study
Authors: Guo Changyi , Guo Shunlin , He Chao , Zhang Xirong , Han Dong , Tan Hui , Huang Xiaoqi , Li Yiming
Published: December 2024

Objective: To assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of radiologist, MR findings, and radiomics-clinical models in the diagnosis of placental implantation disorders.
Methods: Retrospective collection of MR images from patients suspected of having placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) was conducted across three institutions: Institution I (n=505), Institution II (n=67), and Institution III (n=58). Data from Institution I were utilized to form a training set, while data from Institutions II and III served as an external test set. Radiologist diagnosis was performed by radiologists of varying levels of experience. The interpretation of MR findings was conducted by two radiologists with 10-15 years of experience in pelvic MR diagnosis, following the guidelines for diagnosis. Radiomics analysis extracted features from sagittal T2-weighted images and combined them with prenatal clinical features to construct predictive models. These models were then evaluated for discrimination and calibration to assess their performance.
Results: As measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the diagnostic efficacy was 0.587 (0.542-0.630) for junior radiologists from Institution I, 0.568 (0.441-0.689) from Institution II, and 0.507 (0.373-0.641) from Institution III. The AUC was 0.623 (0.580-0.666) for senior radiologists from Institution I, 0.635 (0.508-0.749) from Institution II, and 0.632 (0.495-0.755) from Institution III. The diagnostic efficacy of MR findings was 0.648 (0.601-0.695) for Institution I, 0.569 (0.429-0.709) for Institution II, and 0.588 (0.442-0.735) for Institution III. The diagnostic efficacy of the Radiomics-clinical model was significantly higher, with an AUC of 0.794 (0.754-0.833) for Institution I, 0.783 (0.664-0.903) for Institution II, and 0.816 (0.704-0.927) for Institution III. The diagnostic efficacy of the Fusion model was significantly higher, with an AUC of 0.867 (0.836-0.899) for Institution I, 0.849 (0.753-0.944) for Institution II, and 0.823(0.708-0.939) for Institution III.
Conclusion: The fusion models demonstrated superior diagnostic efficacy compared to radiologists, MR findings, and the radiomics-clinical models. Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of PAS was notably higher when utilizing the radiomics-clinical models than when relying solely on radiologist diagnosis or MR findings.
Advances in knowledge:Radiomics analysis substantially augments the diagnostic precision in PAS, providing a significant enhancement over conventional radiologist and MRI findings. The diagnostic efficacy of the fusion model is notably superior to that of individual diagnostic modalities.
Perceptions of Creepiness and the “Kubrick Stare”
Authors: Lévesque Elle , Howse Melissa , Doyle Jessica , Watt Margo , Kachafanas Yanna , Lively Christopher , Hauf Petra
Published: December 2024

Creepiness is a commonly experienced but little understood construct. The present study examined the impact of target facial image gender and orientation on perceptions of creepiness, and whether perceptions varied by participant sex and discomfort with ambiguity (DAS). Participants [n = 137, 68.6% female; Mage = 23.71 (9.73) years] rated the creepiness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness of 44 target images – 11 male and 11 female images, in each of two conditions: upright and downward tilted head or “Kubrick stare”. After controlling for participant age, results did not vary significantly by participant sex or DAS level (high vs. low). As predicted, creepiness ratings were significantly higher in the Kubrick stare (vs. upright) condition and for male (vs. female) faces with the magnitude of difference significantly higher for male (vs. female) faces in the Kubrick stare (vs. upright) condition; η2 = .46 [lower limit = .35 and upper limit = .54] vs. η2 = .32 [lower limit = .21 and upper limit = .41], respectively. There was no association between creepiness and trustworthiness in either condition. Results extend our understanding of how we perceive creepiness and the importance of face orientation in social processing.
Risk factors of axial symptoms after posterior cervical spine surgery：a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Ke , Xiong Zhencheng , Zhang Yuhao , Zhan Sizhen , Tan Mingsheng , Yi Ping , Zhuang ZIYI
Published: December 2024

Background
Axial symptoms are a frequent complication after posterior cervical spine surgery.While literature has documented risk factors for these symptoms, they are still debated. This study's objective was to explore the risk elements associated with axial symptoms following posterior cervical spine surgery.
Methods
Our search encompassed The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and web of science databases, focusing on studies documenting complications related to cervical laminectomy and laminoplasty. In every study included, we documented axial symptom occurrences and computed Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (Cls), Q values, and 12 values.
Results
Nineteen different studies were finally included,and the final risk factors were analysed in summary as described below:preoperative neck pain(OR=2.22,95%CI(1.48,3.33),P=0.0001),facet joint destruction(OR=2.32,95%CI(1.59,3.39),P<0.0001),C2involvement(OR=3.78,95%CI(2.04,7.01),P<0.0001),C7spinous process(muscle)destruction(OR=3.38,95%CI(1.13,10.08),P=0.03),routine posterior cervical spine surgery(OR=6.18,95%CI(2.43,15.69),P=0.0001);protective factors were as follows:Increase range of motion after cervical spine surgery(OR=0.64,95%CI(0.44,0.92),P=0.02),enlargement of the preoperative C2-7 Cobb angle(OR=0.57,95%CI(0.39,0.82),P=0.003).
Conclusion
Preoperative neck pain, facet joints destruction, C7 spinous process(muscle)destruction, conventional posterior cervical spine surgery and C2 involvement were risk factors for postoperative axial symptoms after posterior cervical spine surgery, and preoperative C2-C7 Cobb enlargement and increased postoperative cervical range of motion were protective factors for postoperative axial symptoms, however, gender, age, operation time, JOA score, C2-7 SVA, blood loss, and types of disease were not associated with postoperative axial symptoms. Considering the scarce volume of research available, this inference demands careful interpretation and necessitates expanded studies.
Comparison of Global and Regional Myocardial Blood Flow Quantification using Dynamic Solid-State Detector SPECT and Tc-99m-sestamibi or Tc-99m-tetrofosmin in a routine clinical setting
Authors: Wieting Wiebke , Bengel Frank M. , Diekmann Johanna
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
Solid-state detector single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) enables the acquisition of dynamic data for calculation of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR). Here, we report about our experiences on clinical usefulness and robustness using Tc-99m-sestamibi and Tc-99m-tetrofosmin.
Methods:
307 patients underwent dynamic list-mode myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and standard static MPI for clinical workup of coronary artery disease on a dedicated cardiac SPECT camera. MBF and MFR were calculated using a 1-tissue‐compartment model. Attenuation correction was performed for all patients using an external computed tomogram. Patients underwent stress-only scans, both stress and rest scans or rest-only scans using Tc-99m-tetrofosmin or Tc-99m-sestamibi. 30 patients without known cardiovascular comorbidities and without perfusion defect on static scans were compared in a sub analysis.
Results:
Global stress myocardial blood flow (MBF) was significantly higher than rest MBF (2.3 vs. 1.1 ml/min/g; p < 0.001), and showed a high variability among individuals. Global myocardial flow reserve (MFR) was 2.1 (range 0.5–7.8). An analysis of 30 patients without known cardiovascular comorbidities yielded similar stress MBF measures for Tc-99m-sestamibi and Tc-99m-tetrofosmin (3.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.8 ± 0.9 ml/min/g; p = 0.429). The use of attenuation correction lead to systematically lower MBF measures. Patients who underwent a one-day protocol had notably higher rest MBF (1.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.46 ml/min/g; p = 0.009) and consequently a lower MFR. Summed defect scores from standard static scans and presence of cardiovascular comorbidities negatively impacted MBF and MFR.
Conclusion:
Quantitative SPECT MBF and MFR in a clinical routine setting yields flow measures in range of expectation at an albeit wide range and is comprehensibly linked with results from standard static scan and patients history of cardiovascular diseases. Use of one-day protocols and attenuation corrections systematically alters quantitative results.
Quantified motility assessment in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a multi-reader study
Authors: Meshaka Riwa , Fitzke Heather , Barber Joy , Foster Chloe , Reid Catriona , Allan Emma , Murphy Rebecca , Jones Kelsey , Taylor Stuart , Watson Tom
Published: December 2024

Background
Quantitative bowel motility in inflammatory bowel disease using magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) shows promise as a biomarker of disease activity against histopathological and biochemical markers of inflammation when used by experienced readers in a research setting.
Objective
The aim of this study was to test multi-reader agreement in quantified bowel motility by non-experienced readers.
Methods
A single centre, retrospective search included all patients <18 years with paediatric inflammatory bowel disease and more than one MRE between 2012-2022. Cine images from the first two MREs were processed using quantified motility software. Two experienced readers provided a reference standard for response using a consensus sMaRIA (decrease of ≥2 points) and measured the change (Δ) in motility index. Two senior and three junior readers visually assessed response for each patient, and recorded Δ motility index. Inter-reader agreement was assessed for each pair of readers as the Bland-Altman bias and limits of agreement for Δ motility index (arbitrary units, a.u.) and %agreement in the Δdirection.
Results
Percentage agreement in the Δdirection was fair to excellent: 84% (95% CI 75 to 93) between junior readers, 61% (95% CI 50 to 73) between senior readers, and 84% (95% CI 75 to 93) between experienced readers. Bland-Altman plots of ΔMI demonstrated no systematic bias and the junior readers’ limits of agreement were comparable to that of experienced readers.
Conclusion
Quantified bowel motility in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease measured by readers of varied experience yields good agreement.
Investigating Factors Influencing Utilization of Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among Unaccompanied Young Refugees: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: KASPARIK Barbara , FARANI Madina , PFEIFFER Elisa , SACHSER Cedric , ROSNER Rita
Published: December 2024

Background
Unaccompanied young refugees (UYRs) exhibit elevated levels of mental distress, including posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression and anxiety. Despite the considerable psychological burden, UYRs frequently lack access to mental health care (MHC). The factors that contribute to higher rates of treatment utilization among UYR remain poorly understood. Untreated PTSS can result in chronic impairment, underscoring the importance of identifying these factors. The aim of this study is to investigate factors associated with the intention and actual utilization of MHC of UYRs living in child and youth welfare facilities in Germany.
Method
This study is part of the multi-site project BETTER CARE which aims to implement a stepped and collaborative care approach. A sample of N = 139 UYRs who had received a treatment recommendation for trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) was analyzed. Binomial logistic regression was performed to identify factors prediction the likelihood of intention to seek MHC. In addition, the association between intention to seek MHC and actual utilization was determined using a chi square test.
Results
The results demonstrated a significant correlation between age, length of stay in Germany, and severity of PTSD symptoms with intention to use MHC. In the logistic regression analysis, PTSD emerged as a significant predictor of intended use. The utilization of MHC was found to be closely associated with the initial intention to use.
Conclusions
The findings contribute to an expanding body of literature on the mental health requirements and service utilization patterns among UYRs, offering insights for policymakers, mental health professionals, and child welfare services striving to enhance care for this vulnerable population.
Effect of Gamma Radiation on Human Enemal Chemical and Pshysical Properties
Authors: Silva Pollyanna Nogueira Ferreira da , Barcellos Maria Carolina Fernandes , Costa Fernanda Calvo , Silva Celio dos Santos , Manea Sílvio , Gonçalez Odair Lellis , Jardim Vitor Ribeiro , Martins Gislene Valdete , Lima Nelson Batista , Found Anelyse Arata , De Souza Grace Mendonça , Kaminagakura Estela , Tango Rubens Nisie
Published: December 2024

Background: Gamma radiation is still used in developing countries for head and neck cancer treatment. Irradiated dental enamel undergoes dose-dependent chemical and mechanical changes that can hinder oral rehabilitation. Understanding these processes can be useful to professionals to plan safer long-lasting treatments. This study aimed to evaluate different doses of gamma radiation on the chemical and mechanical properties of human dental enamel.
Methods: Sixty human third molars were divided into six groups (n = 10), according to dose: 0; 20; 40; 50; 60; or 70 Gy, in daily increments of 2 Gy. After irradiation, the composition and carbonate/ phosphate ratio (C:P) were evaluated by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to evaluate crystal size (shape factor) and crystallinity. Hardness, elastic modulus, and scratch resistance were measured, and the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data of C:P, crystallinity (%), shape factor (nm), hardness (VHN - Vickers Hardness Number), and elastic modulus (GPa - Gigapascals) were submitted to analysis of variance and to Tukey's test (α=0.05).
Results: FTIR showed carboxylic acid in the irradiated groups and an increase in C:P for the 70 Gy group (p = 0.015), but with no change in crystalline structure. A significant decrease was observed in the values of hardness (p=0.0000) and the elastic modulus (p=0.0000) in the irradiated groups. For scratch test, the 60 and 70Gy groups showed lower values for initial spallation. SEM showed spaced rounded peaks of enamel prisms in the 60 and 70 Gy groups.
Conclusions: Gamma radiation negatively affected the chemical and physical properties of human enamel.
Trial registration: Plataforma Brasil, CAAE: 66495417.1.0000.007.
Groundwater Recharge Modelling at Godagari using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)
Authors: Tithi Sumaia Ahmed , Bari Md. Niamul
Published: December 2024

Accurate groundwater recharge assessment is a prerequisite for efficiently managing groundwater resources. In places with low rainfall, especially in arid regions, the level of groundwater is consistently decreasing. As a result, there is a shortage of groundwater resources, which significantly impacts the economy, particularly in relation to irrigation. One of the bottlenecks in evaluating groundwater resources is determining the rate of aquifer recharge. Unlike simpler water balance models, SWAT utilizes physical equations to represent key hydrological processes governing recharge. This allows for a more realistic simulation of recharge based on factors like soil properties, vegetation cover, and topography. Thus, this project aims to create a model using the SWAT model at Godagari, which is situated in the northern region of Bangladesh, to estimate groundwater recharge, aiming to reduce uncertainties and errors in the recharge assessment to the greatest extent possible. The ArcSWAT extension of SWAT version 2009 was used for setting up the model. The model was set up from 1991 to 2022 using weather data, a digital elevation model, a soil map, and a land use and land cover map. The maps were prepared using ArcGIS version 10.7.1. The SWAT model simulation results indicate that out of the total average annual rainfall of 1272.72 mm, only 119.01 mm replenishes the groundwater, 678.09 mm contribute to surface runoff, and 473.20 mm are lost through evapotranspiration. The simulated annual recharge varied from 83.89 to 194.78 mm, indicating a relatively low recharge. The comparison of yearly observed and SWAT simulated recharge showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of effectiveness or efficiency (NSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) for the calibration period (1993–2012) and the validation period (2013–2022) are 0.76, 0.69, and 0.81, 0.86, respectively. These results show that the model's performance was satisfactory. SWAT modeling is a feasible option over field-scale approaches for assessing groundwater recharge. The assessments of groundwater recharge using the SWAT model can provide information for developing policies to ensure the sustainable management of water resources in dry areas like the Barind region of Bangladesh. Implementing measures such as zoning and water harvesting that are based on recharge patterns may ensure aquifer replenishment. We can protect groundwater resources and promote long-term water security by prioritizing recharge evaluations in policy creation.
Agroforestry can reduce trade-offs between economic and ecological benefits, but only when uncertainties are considered
Authors: Knoke Thomas , Paul Carola , Gosling Elizabeth , Reith Esther , Annighöfer Peter , Asseng Senthold , Bingham Logan , Chmelikova Lucie , Frick Fabian , Hafner Benjamin , Leonhardt Sara Diana , Menapace Luisa , Menzel Annette , Sauer Johannes , Schloter Michael , Yu Kang , Zare Mohsen , Kollmann Johannes , von Lützow Margit
Published: December 2024

Persistent uncertainty about the economic implications of agroforestry presents a major barrier to adoption. Despite this, most research to date ignores the impact of uncertainty on land allocation decisions, with studies commonly relying on simplistic scenarios involving a dichotomous choice between switching entirely to agroforestry or retaining the status quo system. For a more realistic decision problem, we explore partial adoption choices by analysing how the performance of landscape portfolios under combined ecological and economic uncertainty changes when managers can incorporate two agroforestry alternatives (silvopasture and alley cropping) alongside existing land-use options. Drawing on published data from smallholders in Panama, we use robust optimisation to allocate fractions of land area across six agroforestry and non-agroforestry land uses under a range of possible futures. We visualise trade-offs between uncertain ecological and economic benefits using robust Pareto frontiers. We find that neglecting uncertainty reduces the attractiveness of agroforestry. Instead, agroforestry becomes increasingly competitive as uncertainty grows, and incorporating it into landscape portfolios can mitigate trade-offs between ecological and economic objectives when the future is uncertain. We conclude by outlining a research agenda for a more holistic approach to agroforestry economics under global change.
A spontaneous proton transfer is key for enzymatic C-glycosylation and restricts the scope of natural C-glycosides
Authors: Welner Ditte , Raich Lluís , Teze David , Bidart Gonzalo , Fredslund Folmer , Hobusch Mandy , Kunstmann Sonja , Putkaradze Natalia , Noé Frank
Published: December 2024

C-glycosides are valuable compounds containing hydrolytically stable C-C bonds. However, their scarcity in nature and their complex synthesis limit their availability. Enzymes represent an environmentally mild paradigm for the synthesis of C-glycosides, but only few enzymes with C-glycosylation activity are known and their catalytic mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we study the intricacies of a C-glycosyltransferase using X-ray crystallography, biochemical assays, and atomistic simulations. We identify two dynamic gates that control substrate access and reactivity, and investigate the molecular mechanism of C-glycosylation, identifying an SEAr stepwise process along a critical intermediate that stabilizes through a spontaneous water-mediated proton transfer. This stabilization is related to the chemical properties of the substrate, which dictate whether a compound can be C-glycosylated. Our results provide detailed knowledge and enhance our understanding of this class of enzymes, paving the way for their widespread utilization and engineering.
Concurrently Enhanced Piezoelectric Performance and Curie Temperature in Stressed Lead-free BCTZ Ceramics
Authors: Cheng Zhenxiang , Su Yuanhui , Wang Qingying , Huan Yu , Wang Jianli , Sun Wei , Li Yongjun , wei tao
Published: December 2024

Eco-friendly, lead-free BaTiO3-based piezoelectric materials play a crucial role in advancing sustainable electronic applications. Improving piezoelectric properties in lead-free piezoelectric ceramics often involves a trade-off with Curie temperature (TC) due to various performance metrics. In this study, we implemented an innovative stress engineering approach by introducing a secondary phase BaAl2O4. This method simultaneously enhances both TC and the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) in (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3 (BCTZ) ceramics. The difference in thermal expansion coefficients between BCTZ and BaAl2O4 induces internal stress within the BCTZ matrix, leading to significant lattice distortion and altering the phase fractions of BCTZ, which improves both TC and the d33. Additionally, the local electric field at the interface of BCTZ and BaAl2O4, along with the incorporation of Al3+ in ABO3 lattice, contribute to the enhanced d33. Notably, the optimized BCTZ ceramics exhibit an exceptionally high d33 of 650  ± 16 pC N−1, d33* of 1070 pm V−1, and TC of 96.5  ± 1.0 oC, placing it at the forefront of lead-free BT-based piezoelectric materials. This study underscores the effectiveness of bulk stress engineering via a secondary phase for enhancing lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, paving the way for developing high-performance piezoelectric ceramics suitable for a wide range of temperature applications.
Inequalities of Outcomes, Opportunities, and Environmental Impacts between Refugees and Host Communities in Gambella Region of Ethiopia: a Reduced-form Econometric and Rasch models Approach
Authors: tsehay zenawit
Published: December 2024

Drawing on primary and SESRE secondary data and outputs produced by reduced-form econometric (linear, Cox, and Poisson) and Rasch models with high statistical confidence , this study investigates differences in food security, economic well-being, spending on education, access to services, and vulnerability to environmental risks between refugee and host communities living in Gambella region in Ethiopia. Across both host communities and refugees, 99% confidence intervals indicate that refugees are 33% more likely to experience moderate or severe food insecurity and 34% more likely to experience severe food insecurity. Results from the analysis of the economic indicators indicate that, on average, the aggregate per adult equivalent consumption expenditure of refugees is 30,459 Birr lower and that the total stock of live stock of refuge is 30,232 Birr lower than that of host communities at 99% confidence level. There are great disparities in educational expenditure across demographic and community groups. On average, refugees spend 394 Birr less per year on education than the host community individuals with 99 percent confidence. Urban individuals spend 261 Birr more than rural counterparts (99% confidence), unemployed individuals spend 248 Birr more than employed individuals (99% confidence), and younger individuals spend 170 Birr more than older age groups (99% confidence). In terms of both total annual aid and total annual credit, host community households receive 14,301 Birr more (95% confidence) and 2,011 Birr more (99% confidence) annually then refugee households. Access to services also varies significantly: On average, rural households have 2.37 km better access to preparatory schools and 11.25 km better access to hospitals than urban households. There are 7.48 km better access to hospitals for host communities as compared to refugee communities. Third, environmental vulnerability assessments show that refugee households are 70 percent less likely than host community households to be affected by floods with 99 percent confidence. Relying up on the findings, recommendations have been made in the last sub-section of this paper.
Unlocking Genetic Hotspots: GWAS Reveals Key Nitrogen Responsive Genomic Regions and Key Genes for Root and Yield Traits in Indica Rice
Authors: Poudel Ankur , Phogat Sachin , Roy Jeet , Saini Manish Ranjan , Shivaprasad K.M. , Madhavan Jayanthi , Chinnusamy Viswanathan , Vinod KK , Sevanthi Amitha Mithra , Mandal Pranab Kumar
Published: December 2024

Enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) for crop plant is important for the environment and cost of cultivation. Rice has the lowest NUE among the cereals, hence it is necessary to know the underlying genetic factors associated with it. To identify candidate genes and QTLs, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out involving 96 diverse indicarice genotypes. Plants were grown under contrasting nitrogen (N) regimes in hydroponics till the maturity for phenotyping the major N-responsive traits. Genotyping was carried out using 80K Affymetrix chip containing 47,686 curated SNP markers. The differential response of all N-responsive traits indicated separate breeding programme for each N-regime. The population structure analysis revealed two sub-populations with varying degrees of admixtures in the association panel. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis revealed an LD block of 108.4 kb. GWAS using MLM, FarmCPU, and BLINK could identify 568 marker-trait associations (MTAs) across different traits and N-conditions. Out of 24 MTAs identified, 13 were novel with 156 candidate genes in the genomic region spanning the LD blocks. N-responsive genes showed either positive or negative role, and many of them were likely to be associated with other abiotic stresses like drought and salinity. Yield and root-related MTAs were found to be the most prominent. Candidate genes such as OsPRX59, OsPRX62, OsPSBS2, OsWAK14, OsWAK15, OsAMT3, OsNIN8,and OsHCT2 from the MTAs with major allelic effects also showed the differential responses under N-deficient conditions. These MTAs and candidate genes can serve as key resources for enhancement of NUE in rice.