bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Sunday Sales of Alcohol on Highway Crash Fatalities
Authors: Stehr Mark F
Published: August 2010

A large body of evidence indicates that increased alcohol availability leads to increased consumption of alcohol. From 1995 to 2008, fourteen states relaxed or repealed their bans on the Sunday sale of packaged alcohol. This paper leverages these repeals to provide quasi-experimental evidence on the effect of Sunday sales bans on alcohol related crash fatalities. Previous published studies in this area have found conflicting results regarding the effect of Sunday sales on traffic accidents and fatalities, but these studies have focused on repeals in single states, cities, or provinces; are outdated; or have failed to control for underlying changes in traffic fatalities that may be correlated with repeals but are due to other factors affecting traffic safety. Drawing upon data from the lower 48 states from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), this paper finds that only the repeal in New Mexico led to an increase in fatalities. The effect is evident only in New Mexico because this repeal led to larger increases in drinking in New Mexico than in other states, residents of New Mexico drive more than residents of the other repeal states, and there is a greater fraction of traffic fatalities involving alcohol in New Mexico than in the other repeal states.
Diabetic Nephropathy Is Accelerated by Farnesoid X Receptor Deficiency and Inhibited by Farnesoid X Receptor Activation in a Type 1 Diabetes Model
Authors: Wang Xiaoxin X. , Jiang Tao , Shen Yan , Caldas Yupanqui , Miyazaki-Anzai Shinobu , Santamaria Hannah , Urbanek Cydney , Solis Nathaniel , Scherzer Pnina , Lewis Linda , Gonzalez Frank J. , Adorini Luciano , Pruzanski Mark , Kopp Jeffrey B. , Verlander Jill W. , Levi Moshe
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is complex and involves activation of multiple pathways leading to kidney damage. An important role for altered lipid metabolism via sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) has been recently recognized in diabetic kidney disease. Our previous studies have shown that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid-activated nuclear hormone receptor, modulates renal SREBP-1 expression. The purpose of the present study was then to determine if FXR deficiency accelerates type 1 diabetic nephropathy in part by further stimulation of SREBPs and related pathways, and conversely, if a selective FXR agonist can prevent the development of type 1 diabetic nephropathy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia were induced with streptozotocin (STZ) in C57BL/6 FXR KO mice. Progress of renal injury was compared with nephropathy-resistant wild-type C57BL/6 mice given STZ. DBA/2J mice with STZ-induced hyperglycemia were treated with the selective FXR agonist INT-747 for 12 weeks. To accelerate disease progression, all mice were placed on the Western diet after hyperglycemia development.

RESULTS

The present study demonstrates accelerated renal injury in diabetic FXR KO mice. In contrast, treatment with the FXR agonist INT-747 improves renal injury by decreasing proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and modulating renal lipid metabolism, macrophage infiltration, and renal expression of SREBPs, profibrotic growth factors, and oxidative stress enzymes in the diabetic DBA/2J strain.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate a critical role for FXR in the development of diabetic nephropathy and show that FXR activation prevents nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.
Glucagon Supports Postabsorptive Plasma Glucose Concentrations in Humans With Biologically Optimal Insulin Levels
Authors: Cooperberg Benjamin A. , Cryer Philip E.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

Based on the premise that postabsorptive patients with type 1 diabetes receiving intravenous insulin in a dose that maintains stable euglycemia are receiving biologically optimal insulin replacement, we tested the hypothesis that glucagon supports postabsorptive plasma glucose concentrations in humans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Fourteen patients with type 1 diabetes were studied after an overnight fast on up to five occasions. Insulin was infused intravenously to hold plasma glucose concentrations at ∼100 mg/dl (5.6 mmol/l) overnight and fixed from −60 to 240 min the following morning. From 0 through 180 min the patients also received 1) saline, 2) octreotide 30 ng · kg−1 · min−1 with growth hormone replacement or octreotide with growth hormone, plus 3) glucagon in doses of 0.5 ng · kg−1 · min−1, 4) 1.0 ng · kg−1 · min−1, and 5) 2.0 ng · kg−1 · min−1.

RESULTS

Compared with a mean ± SE of 98 ± 5 mg/dl (5.4 ± 0.3 mmol/l) at 180 min during saline, mean plasma glucose concentrations declined to 58 ± 1 mg/dl (3.2 ± 0.1 mmol/l) (P < 0.001) at 180 min during octreotide plus saline and were 104 ± 16 mg/dl (5.8 ± 0.9 mmol/l) (NS), 143 ± 13 mg/dl (7.9 ± 0.7 mmol/l) (P = 0.004), and 160 ± 15 mg/dl (8.9 ± 0.8 mmol/l) (P < 0.001) at 180 min during octreotide plus glucagon in doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ng · kg−1 · min−1, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

In the setting of biologically optimal insulin replacement, suppression of glucagon secretion with octreotide caused a progressive fall in plasma glucose concentrations that was prevented by glucagon replacement. These data document that glucagon supports postabsorptive glucose concentrations in humans.
Type 1 Diabetic Drivers With and Without a History of Recurrent Hypoglycemia–Related Driving Mishaps
Authors: Cox Daniel J. , Kovatchev Boris P. , Anderson Stacey M. , Clarke William L. , Gonder-Frederick Linda A.
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

Collisions are more common among drivers with type 1 diabetes than among their nondiabetic spouses. This increased risk appears to be attributable to a subgroup of drivers with type 1 diabetes. The hypothesis tested is that this vulnerable subgroup is more at risk for hypoglycemia and its disruptive effects on driving.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Thirty-eight drivers with type 1 diabetes, 16 with (+history) and 22 without (−history) a recent history of recurrent hypoglycemia-related driving mishaps, drove a virtual reality driving simulator and watched a videotape of someone driving a simulator for 30-min periods. Driving and video testing occurred in a double-blind, randomized, crossover manner during euglycemia (5.5 mmol/l) and progressive hypoglycemia (3.9–2.5 mmol/l). Examiners were blind to which subjects were +/−history, whereas subjects were blind to their blood glucose levels and targets.

RESULTS

During euglycemia, +history participants reported more autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms (P ≤ 0.01) and tended to require more dextrose infusion to maintain euglycemia with the same insulin infusion (P < 0.09). During progressive hypoglycemia, these subjects demonstrated less epinephrine release (P = 0.02) and greater driving impairments (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings support the speculation that there is a subgroup of type 1 diabetic drivers more vulnerable to experiencing hypoglycemia-related driving mishaps. This increased vulnerability may be due to more symptom “noise” (more symptoms during euglycemia), making it harder to detect hypoglycemia while driving; possibly greater carbohydrate utilization, rendering them more vulnerable to experiencing hypoglycemia; less hormonal counterregulation, leading to more profound hypoglycemia; and more neuroglycopenia, rendering them more vulnerable to impaired driving.
Depression of the ferroelastic phase transition in LiCsSO4 by uniaxial stress
Authors: Tylczyński Zbigniew
Published: August 2010

In the lithium-caesium sulphate crystal in the temperature range of ferroelastic phase transition, the uniaxial stress σ
X induced changes in velocity and attenuation of the longitudinal ultrasonic wave propagating in the direction [010] are studied. The phase transition is close to the three-critical point and the critical exponent is κ = 0.27 ± 0.02. The stress applied drastically decreases the stepwise change in the wave velocity at T
C up to its disappearance at 2 MPa. In the temperature range between T
C and T
C − 6 K, the stress leads to an increase in the wave velocity and a decrease in its attenuation. This range was interpreted as that of co-existence of ferroelastic and incommensurate ordering, in which the stress influences the density of solitons leading to stiffening of the crystal lattice.
Nucleic Acid Extraction Efficiency and Bacterial Recovery from Maxillary Sinus Mucosal Samples Obtained by Brushing or Biopsy
Authors: Roediger Frederick C , Slusher Nicole A. , Allgaier Silke , Cox Michael J. , Pletcher Steven D. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Lynch Susan V.
Published: August 2010

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease with a complex pathophysiology involving a microbial component. Culture-independent molecular analysis represents a promising new approach to clarify the microbiology of CRS, but standardized, optimized sampling methods still have not been defined. This study was designed to compare nucleic acid extraction rates and recovery of bacteria for two methods of sampling the maxillary sinus, mucosal biopsy, and brushing.

Methods

Samples were obtained from 20 patients undergoing maxillary sinus surgery. Total extracted nucleic acid concentration and bacterial burden were compared between sample types.

Results

Total nucleic acid concentration varied across patients. No statistically significant difference in mean total DNA concentration from mucosal biopsy specimens or brushings was observed. However, compared with biopsy specimens, brush samples possessed a significant (p < 0.035) increase in bacterial copy number.

Conclusion

Endoscopically directed mucosal brushings of the maxillary sinus provide equivalent concentrations of total DNA to mucosal biopsy specimens but possess greater concentrations of bacterial DNA, likely because of the greater surface area sampled by this method. Given the additional advantage of lower risk associated with obtaining brush samples, we suggest they represent the preferred sampling method for future genomic sinus studies.
Using Fixed Anatomical Landmarks in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Harvey Richard J. , Shelton William , Timperley Daniel , Debnath Nick I. , Byrd Ken , Buchmann Luke , Gallagher Richard M. , Orlandi Richard R. , Sacks Raymond , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: August 2010

Background

The identification of anatomic landmarks in endoscopic skull base or revision sinus surgery can be challenging. Normal anatomy is significantly altered with many paranasal tumors. Traditional endoscopic surgical landmarks extrapolated from inflammatory disease, such as the superior turbinate, may have been previously removed or involved in pathology. A frequently used rule to enter the sphenoid, “stay below or at the level of the orbital floor as dissection proceeds posteriorly and one will avoid the skull base,” is assessed anatomically.

Methods

The maxillary sinus roof height, relative to the nasal floor, was assessed as an operative landmark. Computed tomography (CT) performed on paranasal sinuses was studied. The relative height, ratio, and proportions of the maxillary sinus, ethmoid roof, cribriform fossa, and sphenoid planum were measured using computerized assessments.

Results

Three hundred paranasal sinus systems were evaluated. The roof of the maxillary sinus was below the level of the skull base in 100% relative to the cribriform and 100% relative to the sphenoid planum. The mean distance of the maxillary roof below the skull base was 10.1 ± 2.7 mm for the cribriform and 11.0 ± 2.9 mm for the sphenoid.

Conclusion

The maxillary sinus roof can be used as a robust landmark to allow safe dissection and debulking of pathology. Pathology removal can proceed posterior with this landmark to enable a safe entry to the sphenoid sinus, and thus the true skull base, when normal structures such as the superior turbinate and ostium are not available.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Chronic Sinusitis: In Search of an Esophageal–nasal Reflex
Authors: Wong Ian W.Y. , Rees Guy , Greiff Lennart , Myers Jennifer C. , Jamieson Glyn G. , Wormald Peter-John
Published: August 2010

Background

This study was performed to explore whether or not a neural reflex linking the esophagus and the nasal airway exists, as a pathogenic mechanism accounting for the association between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). A prospective trial of healthy human volunteers was performed.

Methods

Ten healthy volunteers without GER or sinonasal disease were investigated using an acid infusion challenge test. Normal saline and hydrochloric acid were infused into the lower esophagus through an esophageal manometry catheter. Nasal responses in symptom score, nasal inspiratory peak flow, and mucus production were analyzed after the esophageal challenge.

Results

A tendency for an increase in nasal mucus production was observed after esophageal stimulation with both normal saline and HCl. This returned to baseline level 45 minutes after the acid infusion. A similar trend was also observed with the measurements of nasal symptom scores and, to a lesser extent, nasal inspiratory peak flow.

Conclusion

These results support the possibility that a neural reflex exists between the esophagus and the paranasal sinuses via the vagus nerve. If indeed present, the reflex-mediated rhinitis derived from this neuropathic inflammation may contribute to the development of CRS in patients with GER. Further study is required to define the relationship between GER and CRS.
Allergic Rhinitis and Inflammatory Airway Disease: Interactions within the Unified Airspace
Authors: Marple Bradley F.
Published: August 2010

Background

Allergic rhinitis (AR), the most common chronic allergic condition in outpatient medicine, is associated with immense health care costs and socioeconomic consequences. AR's impact may be partly from interacting of respiratory conditions via allergic inflammation. This study was designed to review potential interactive mechanisms of AR and associated conditions and consider the relevance of a bidirectional “unified airway” respiratory inflammation model on diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory airway disease.

Methods

MEDLINE was searched for pathophysiology and pathophysiological and epidemiologic links between AR and diseases of the sinuses, lungs, middle ear, and nasopharynx.

Results

Allergic-related inflammatory responses or neural and systemic processes fostering inflammatory changes distant from initial allergen provocation may link AR and comorbidities. Treating AR may benefit associated respiratory tract comorbidities. Besides improving AR outcomes, treatment inhibiting eosinophil recruitment and migration, normalizing cytokine profiles, and reducing asthma-associated health care use in atopic subjects would likely ameliorate other upper airway diseases such as acute rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis (NP), adenoidal hypertrophy, and otitis media with effusion.

Conclusion

Epidemiological concordance of AR with several airway diseases conforms to a bidirectional “unified airway” respiratory inflammation model based on anatomic and histological upper and lower airway connections. Epidemiology and current understanding of inflammatory, humoral, and neural processes make links between AR and disorders including asthma, otitis media, NP, and CRS plausible. Combining AR with associated conditions increases disease burden; worsened associated illness may accompany worsened AR. AR pharmacotherapies include antihistamines, leukotriene antagonists, intranasal corticosteroids, and immunotherapy; treatments attenuating proinflammatory responses may also benefit associated conditions.
Effect of Organic Acids and Prebiotics on Bone Quality in Laying Hens Fed Diets with Two Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus
Authors: Świątkiewicz Sylwester , Koreleski Jerzy , Arczewska Anna
Published: August 2010

In an experiment conducted on caged Bovans Brown hens, the effect of diet supplementation using organic acids and prebiotic fructans on the biomechanical and geometrical indicators of the tibia and femur bones was evaluated. At 25 weeks of age, layers were randomly assigned to 14 experimental groups, each comprising 6 hens kept in individual cages. A 2 x 7 factorial arrangement, with two dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus (normal - 37.0 g Ca/kg, 6.5 g P/kg, and reduced - 32.5 g Ca/kg, 6.0 g P/kg), and with diets supplemented by selected additives (none; inulin, 7.5 g/kg; oligofructose, 7.5 g/kg; short chain fatty acids (SCFA), 5.0 g/kg; medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), 2.5 g/kg; SCFA, 3.0 g/kg + MCFA, 2.0 g/kg; inulin, 3.0 g/kg + SCFA, 5.0 g/kg) was used. The experiment was conducted for 45 weeks and concluded when the hens were 70 weeks old. At 70 weeks of age, reducing the dietary levels of Ca and P had decreased the bone breaking strength by 8.9% (P ⪬ 0.001) and the yielding load by 5.6% (P ⪬ 0.05). A similar tendency for bone breaking strength (P ⪬ 0.05) and stiffness (P ⪬ 0.05) was found in the femur bones. The diet with a lower level of Ca and P negatively affected the geometrical indicators of the bones such as cortex thickness (P ⪬ 0.05) and cross section area (P ⪬ 0.05), but had no effect on bone weight and length. Hens fed diets supplemented with oligofructose, MCFA, SCFA + MCFA or inulin + SCFA displayed a significantly higher bone breaking strength and yield load in the tibia bone than that of the control group. In the case of femurs, a positive influence of MCFA or simultaneous addition of inulin + SCFA on bone breaking strength was found. The additives had no significant effects on the geometrical indicators of either bone. It was concluded that selected feed additives which lower the pH of the diet and intestinal content can beneficially affect the biomechanical indicators of the bones of high-productive laying hens.
Effect of Tannin Content in Horse Bean on Rumen Fermentation in vitro
Authors: Zawadzki Wojciech , Czerski Albert , Wincewicz Edyta , Gnus Jan , Balcerzak Agnieszka , Kotecki Andrzej , Kozak Marcin
Published: August 2010

The objective of the experiments was to demonstrate the influence of low- and high-tannin horse bean on the selected fermentation indicators. The sheep rumen content with the addition of 1, 2 and 5 g of high- and low-tannin horse bean was incubated in vessels of 250 ml volume. A significant increase of ammonia, lactic acid, CO2 and methane as well as pH decrease in samples with addition of horse bean seed was demonstrated. While comparing high- and low-tannin horse bean varieties, it was observed that in the case of small doses of 1 and 2 g a higher intensity of fermentation takes place in the samples with the addition of high-tannin horse bean. In the case of larger doses of 5 g per sample, a higher intensity of fermentation takes place in the samples with the addition of low-tannin horse-bean. A probable reason for the decrease in the fermentation process intensity in the samples with the addition of 5 g of high-tannin horse bean is a high content of tannins, which reduce fermentation processes.
Na+/K+ATPase Activity in Sheep with Natural Babesiosis
Authors: Yur Fatmagül , Yazar Mete , Değer Yeter , Dede Semiha
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the Na+/K+ATPase activity in the erythrocytes of sheep naturally infected withBabesia ovisbefore and after treatment. Seven diseased sheep and seven control animals were used for the study. Babesia infection was confirmed with Giemsa’s staining of blood smears. Na+/K+ATPase activity in erythrocyte was determined colorimetrically by the release of inorganic phosphate from ATP in the presence and absence of ouabain. A marked decrease of Na+/K+ATPase activity (p< 0.05) was obtained in infected sheep (0.81 ± 0.28 μmol inorganic phosphate/h.mg protein) compared to control animals (3.63 ± 0.72 μmol Pi/h.mg protein). Beside this decline, Na+/K+ATPase activity of treated animals (1.29 ± 0.81 μmol Pi/h.mg protein) were significantly (p< 0.05) decreased compared to control animals. It can be concluded that decreased erythrocyte Na+/K+ATPase activity inbabesia ovismay be due to the usage of new permeation pathways (NPPs) for the flux of ions instead of Na+/K+pump.
Association of RYR1 and MYOG Genotype with Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Grower-finisher Pigs
Authors: Rybarczyk Artur , Pietruszka Arkadiusz , Jacyno Eugenia , Dvořák Josef , Karamucki Tadeusz , Jakubowska Małgorzata
Published: August 2010

The study involved 110 hybrid grower-finisher pigs from Polish Large White x Polish Landrace sows sired by Pietrain breed boars and their crossbreds with the 990 line and Duroc. The aim of the study was to determine an association of the polymorphism of RYR1, myogenin (MYOG) genes and carcass meatiness level with carcass slaughter value and meat quality traits in hybrid pigs. Better meat quality was found in pigs of CC genotype at locus RYR1 than in those of CT genotype, with a similar carcass slaughter value and meat chemical composition. No significant differences were found in meat traits (carcass slaughter value) and quality between AA and AB genotypes at locus MYOG. Similarly, no significant differences were found between carcass meatiness ranges adopted in meat quality and its chemical composition, except for water holding capacity, which was higher in pigs with ⪬ 54% meatiness than in those with > 54%. Moreover, interaction was found between carcass meatiness range and RYR1 genotype in relation to backfat thickness and intramuscular fat content, as well as a connection between carcass meatiness range and MYOG genotype in relation to water-soluble protein content. The results indicate the need to continue selection work towards the elimination of allele T RYR1 gene’s in pedigree herds to improve meat quality in fatteners.
Participation of Prostaglandin E2 in Contractile Activity of Inflamed Porcine Uterus
Authors: Jana Barbara , Jaroszewski Jerzy , Kucharski Jan , Koszykowska Marlena , Górska Jolanta , Markiewicz Włodzimierz
Published: August 2010

The aim of our study was to estimate the participation of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in the contractile activity of inflamed porcine uterus. On day 3 of the oestrous cycle, 50 ml of saline or 50 ml ofEscherichia colisuspension, containing 109colony-forming units/ml, was injected into each uterine horn in the control or experimental group, respectively. Seven days later the uteri were collected. Endometritis developed in all bacteria-inoculated gilts. Endometrium/myometrium and myometrium strips were incubated with PGE2alone or together with PGE2receptor (EP) subtypes (EP2, EP4, EP1and EP3) blockers: AH 6809 (BEP2), ONO-AE2(BEP4), ONO-AE3-240 (BEP1) and SC19220 (BEP3), respectively. In the control group, PGE2(10-8and 10-7M) increased the intensity of contractions in endometrium/myometrium, and at the higher dose in myometrium. PGE2(10-8M) decreased the contraction intensity of the strips from inflamed uteri. After the use of BEP2, PGE2(10-7M) increased the values of this indicator in endometrium/myometrium and myometrium from the control gilts. In these animals, PGE2(10-8M) in the presence of BEP4reduced the contraction intensity in endometrium/myometrium. In the bacterial group, PGE2(10-8M) in the presence of BEP2and BEP4enhanced the intensity of contractions in myometrium. Similar reaction was evoked by PGE2(10-7M) in endometrium/myometrium of the inflamed uteri in the presence of BEP4. The intensity of contractions in myometrium from the inflamed uteri significantly decreased after the use of BEP1and PGE2(10-7M). PGE2(10-7M) administered after BEP3, significantly decreased the intensity of contractions in myometrium of the control gilts. These results show that PGE2decreases the contraction intensity of inflamed porcine uteri. Further studies are needed to closely determine the role of PGE2and other prostanoids in the contractile activity of inflamed uterine tissue.
Resistance to Methicillin in Coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Its Detection
Authors: Kolář Milan , Bardoň Jan , Hanulík Vojtěch , Sauer Pavel , Babák Vladimír , Schlegelová Jarmila
Published: August 2010

Resistance of staphylococci to methicillin is important especially in the case ofStaphylococcus aureusisolates. Its impact in veterinary medicine is not exactly specified in coagulase-negative staphylococci; however, these staphylococci may represent an important reservoir of resistance genes. The study aimed at detecting resistance to methicillin in coagulase-negative staphylococci from raw materials and foodstuffs of animal origin and assessing the tests frequently used to determine this resistance. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (198 isolates of 12 species) were tested. Resistance to methicillin was determined by the disk diffusion method using oxacillin and cefoxitin disks, microdilution method, detection of PBP2a and themecAgene. Of the tested isolates, 109 (55.1%) were classified as resistant by the diffusion test with oxacillin, 32 isolates (16.2%) by the test with cefoxitin and 50 isolates (25.3%) on the basis of oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). No resistant isolates were incorrectly identified as susceptible when using the disk diffusion method with oxacillin (sensitivity of 100%). However, apart from 22 correctly classified resistant isolates, another 87 isolates were incorrectly identified as resistant as well (specificity of 50.6%). The test with cefoxitin showed the lowest (45.5%) sensitivity in determination of resistant isolates. By contrast, this test was the most precise in classification of resistant isolates (specificity of 87.5%). When using the microdilution method, resistant strains were identified with the sensitivity and specificity of 68.2% and 80.1%, respectively. The results revealed substantial variability of methicillin-resistant isolates ranging from 16.2% to 55.1%, depending on the phenotyping methods and recommended interpretation criteria used. Therefore, it is advisable to reconsider the current interpretation criteria in the case of coagulasenegative staphylococci of animal origin (with the exception ofS. epidermidis).
Patient Survival Periods and Death Causes Following Surgical Treatment of Mammary Gland Tumours Depending on Histological Type of Tumour: Retrospective Study of 221 Cases
Authors: Lorenzová Jana , Crha Michal , Kecová Helga , Urbanová Lucie , Stavinohová Renata , Nečas Alois
Published: August 2010

This retrospective study evaluated a canine patient group operated on for mammary neoplasms (221 females). After surgical treatment, the animals were divided based on histological findings into groups and subgroups according to the WHO system. In the individual groups and subgroups the length of their survival following a mammary tumour surgery and death causes were followed. Of their total number, 164 tumours were malignant, 39 were benign and 18 were mammary hyperplasias. With regard to malignant tumours, invasive tubular carcinoma (20.81%) was identified most frequently; fibroadenoma reached the highest occurrence (10.41%) as regards benign tumours. The length of survival in females with malignant tumours ranged from 12 to 37.4 months, depending on histological subtypes. In females with benign mammary neoplasms the length of survival ranged from 39.1 to 59.3 months and in animals with hyperplasia it was 50.2 months. As a result of mammary tumour, 41 females (25%) died in the malignant tumour group, none died in the benign tumour group and 2 females (11.1%) died in the hyperplasia group. The survival periods in surgically treated patients with mammary tumours were shorter for solid and complex carcinomas, compared to patients affected with the remainder of the histological subtypes. The longest survival period following operation was recorded in the group suffering from adenoma. The least favourable illness prognosis for patients with mammary tumours in respect to linking the death cause to the mammary tumour was for those having invasive papillary carcinoma. The most favourable illness prognosis was for patients with benign tumours and non-invasive tubular carcinoma. A frequent death cause in females with mammary tumours was another illness unrelated to mammary tumours.
Concentrations of Metals in Tissues of Fish from the Věstonice Reservoir
Authors: Kenšová Renáta , Čelechovská Olga , Doubravová Jana , Svobodová Zdeňka
Published: August 2010

The aim of the present work was to compare the distribution of selected metals in tissues of several fish species caught in the Věstonice reservoir. The hygienic quality of fish meat was assessed with respect to the mercury concentration. A total of 35 fish of the following species were caught: carp (Cyprinus carpio), bream (Abramis brama), asp (Aspius aspius), pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) and pike (Esox lucius). Samples of muscle, liver (hepatopancreas), kidney, gonads and gills were analyzed. Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Cr concentrations in fish tissues were determined by the AAS. The results showed that different metals differ in their affinity to different fish tissues (e.g. Cu - liver, Cd - kidney). Mercury concentrations along the food chain increase, i.e. higher mercury concentrations are found in predatory fish. Contrary to mercury, cadmium and lead concentrations do not show any increases along the fish part of food chain in surface water ecosystems. In predatory fish, lower concentrations of these metals were found than in nonpredatory fish species. Differences in concentrations between ovaria and testes were found only in Cu and Zn. To evaluate possible health risks of mercury concentrations for consumers, the risk index was calculated and maximum admissible amounts of muscle meat for consumption were determined. The results confirmed good hygienic quality of market-ready fish from the Věstonice reservoir.
Managing Difficult Fractures due to Ballistic Trauma with Ilizarov Ring Fixation
Authors: Chand Pankaj , Shrestha Roshan Lal , KC Bachu Ram , Shah Bhanu Chand , Joshi Amit , Thapa Bishnu Nahadur
Published: August 2010

20 fractures (7 femoral and 13 tibial) were treated with the illizarov apparatus between 2003 to 2006. Allwere old injuries, previously managed by internal fixation (intramedullary rods), external fixation (Hoffman'sexternal fixators), or conservatively with traction and plaster of paris slabs. Ilizarov fixators were appliedto manage infected non-union with or without bone loss and malunion. Corticotomy and bone transportwas carried out in cases with significant bone loss. In others without any limb shortening and minimalbony defect, bone grafting and compression was carried out. In one case valgus deformity along withnon-union was corrected. Early weight bearing with range of motion exercises for ankle and knee jointswere encouraged. Average fracture healing time was 12 months (8 to 18 months). All fractures healed with<5° of malalignment. Complications included pin site inflammation/ infection, muscle transfixation, kneeand ankle joint stiffness and a wire fracture. The ilizarov device provided definitive fixation with acceptableresults in all cases.Key words: Ilizarov ring fixator; distraction osteogenesis; bone transport; infective non-union;corticotomyDOI: 10.3126/mjsbh.v9i1.3482Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Vol.9(1) 2010 1-8
Pattern of Dermatological Diseases in the Patients of Army Hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Jha Sagar Mani , Rajbhandari Sudarsan Lal , Shakya Nabinbhakta , Pokharel Arbind , Jha Beena
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Human Skin is the largest organ of the body and may mirror the presence of benign/malignant systemic diseases in different ways. The pattern of Skin diseases vary in different parts ofNepal due to differences in socioeconomic and geographic factors. This retrospective study, pattern ofskin disease in Army Hospital likely reflects the pattern of disease in the Kathmandu Valley.Aim: To study, assess and compare the different patterns of skin disease in the patients attending theoutpatient department in the year 2007 and 2008 in the Army Hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective study and all the new cases which were diagnosed in the Department ofDermatology in the years 2007 and 2008 were included. The diseases were classified as Papulosquamous,Vesicobullous, Connectivetissue disorders, Skin and Soft tissue tumours, Infective, Eczema, SexuallyTransmitted Disease (STI), Leprosy and those skin diseases which were not coming under this formatwere classified as others.Result: The total number of cases recorded in the Department of Dermatology were 16828 in the year2007 and 18643 in 2008. It was found that the infective group of disorders were the largest group ofdisease, in the year 2007 a total of 6135 (36.4%) and in 2008 a total of 7883 (42.2%) had suffered from thisgroup of disorders. And the incidence of infective disorder was also statistically significant when both theyears were compared p-Value:0.00, OR:1.16, CI:1.11-1.21. Similarly other large groups were Eczema,papulosqumous and sexually tranmitted disease.Conclusion: It was found that the disease pattern in this study was lead by infective disease followed byeczema, papulosquamous disease and sexually transmitted disease.Key words: Eczema; Papulosquamous; VesicobullousDOI:  10.3126/mjsbh.v9i1.3484Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Vol.9(1) 2010 14-16
Design and Synthesis of Novel Molecular Tweezer Anion Receptors based on Diphenic Acid Carbonyl Thiosemicarbazide
Authors: Li Xiaorui , Zhao Zhigang , Li Guohua , Shi Peiyu
Published: August 2010

Ten novel molecular tweezer anion receptors based on diphenic acid carbonyl thiosemicarbazide have been designed and synthesised in high yield and their binding properties were examined by UV-Vis spectra titration. Their structures were characterised by 1H NMR, IR, MS spectra and elemental analysis.
A Convenient Synthesis of Chrysin-7-yl Aryl N-Bis(2-Chloroethyl) Phosphoramidate
Authors: Chen Xiaolan , Yuan Jinwei , Wang Junliang , Qu Lingbo , Yu Zhangqi , Zhao Yufen
Published: August 2010

A series of novel chrysin-7-yl aryl N-bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphoramidates have been synthesised in good yield via phosphorylation reactions and their structures were elucidated by IR, NMR and elemental analysis.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Aryl Ethers Promoted by Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride
Authors: Xiong Wei , Ding Quansheng , Chen Jiuxi , Ding Jinchang , Wu Huayue
Published: August 2010

The reaction of aryl fluorides with silyl reagents has been shown to be efficiently promoted by tetrabutylammonium fluoride, providing aryl ethers with good to excellent yields under solvent-free conditions. The efficiency of this reaction was demonstrated by the compatibility with aldehyde, nitro, cyano and acetyl groups. Moreover, the rigorous exclusion of air/moisture was not required in these transformations which proceeded under milder conditions than previously reported reactions of this type.
Synthesis of Novel Amides of Phenyl-1, 4-Dioxyacetic acid as Molecular Tweezers and Studies on their Molecular Recognition
Authors: Li WeiJie , Zhao ZhiGang , Liu Xingli , Wang XiaoQing
Published: August 2010

A simple efficient method for the synthesis of novel amides of phenyl-1, 4-dioxyacetic acid as molecular tweezers under solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiation has been developed. Its main advantages are short reaction times, good conversions and the environmentally friendly nature of the process. The structures of the products were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, MS spectra and elemental analyses and their binding properties were examined by UV-vis spectral titration. Preliminary results indicated that these molecular tweezers show good selectivity for neutral organic molecules.
A One-Pot Conversion of Carboxylic Acids into Nitriles Catalysed by PEG400 under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Cao Yu-Qing , Qu An-Li , Liu Rui-Yan , Duan Chun-Ming
Published: August 2010

A new efficient method for the synthesis of nitriles is reported. Carboxylic acids were converted into nitriles by a one-pot reaction with hydroxylamine sulfate and zinc catalysed by PEG400 under microwave irradiation in excellent yields. The most suitable condition was 20 minutes under the microwave power of 231 W with 5 mol% PEG400.
Synthesis of Novel Alkoxycarbonyl Thiosemicarbazide Molecular Tweezers derived from Deoxycholic Acid under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhao ZhiGang , Liu XingLi , Shi ZhiChuan
Published: August 2010

A series of novel 12α-alkoxycarbonyl thiosemicarbazide molecular tweezers based on 3α-(1-naphthoyl) deoxycholic acid methyl ester were synthesised under microwave irradiation. Their structures were characterised by 1H NMR, IR, MS spectra and elemental analysis. Their chiral recognition properties for the methyl esters of amino acids were investigated. The preliminary results showed that these molecular tweezers have good enantioselective recognition for D/L-amino acid methyl esters.
Zinc-Mediated Facile Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Primary Amides
Authors: Feng Sunlin , Zhang Zhiying , Jiang Shilei , Yu Xiaochun
Published: August 2010

A general method for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated primary amides was achieved by an one-pot, triphenylphosphine- and zinc powder-promoted Wittig reaction of bromoacetamide and aldehydes under solvent-free conditions.
Registration of ‘Rasmusson’ Barley
Authors: Smith K. P. , Rasmusson D. C. , Schiefelbein E. , Wiersma J. J. , Wiersma J. V. , Budde A. , Dill-Macky R. , Steffenson B.
Published: August 2010

‘Rasmusson’ (Reg. No. CV‐345, PI 658495) is a spring, six‐rowed, malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in January 2008. It was named after Donald Rasmusson, who worked as a barley breeder at the University of Minnesota from 1958 to 2000. Rasmusson has the pedigree M95/‘Lacey’ and is the product of advanced cycle breeding derived from crosses among elite breeding lines within the University of Minnesota breeding program. Rasmusson was released based on its superior yield performance across the Upper Midwest of the United States and surrounding regions in Canada and favorable malting quality, in particular, high malt extract. Rasmusson is resistant to spot blotch [caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kuribayashi) Drechs. ex Dastur] and the prevalent races of stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & E. Henn).
Registration of ‘Colony’ Lowland Switchgrass
Authors: Burns J. C. , Godshalk E. B. , Timothy D. H.
Published: August 2010

‘Colony’ (Reg. No. CV‐256, PI 658520) is a lowland cytotype of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) developed and released by the USDA‐ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service. Colony was developed from three cycles of selection with random cross‐pollination occurring in cycle 0, index selection for forage dry matter yield and in vitro dry matter disappearance and crude protein concentrations in open‐pollinated isolation in cycles 1 and 2. Replicated yield trials were conducted for 5 yr in Piedmont and 4 yr in Coastal Plain soils of North Carolina. Associated nutritive value estimates were obtained for the last 3 yr from the Coastal Plain site. The quality of Colony hay was evaluated in replicated animal trials. Colony was released because of its greater dry matter concentration of cellulose and greater cellulose yield per hectare with potential for biomass purposes.
Effect of black point disease on quality of wheat grain
Authors: Malaker PK , Mian IH , Bhuiyan KA , Reza MMA , Mannan MA
Published: August 2010

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of black point infection caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and other fungal pathogens on some quality characters of wheat grain. Wheat grains were graded on a 0-5 scale based on levels of black point infection. Quality characters of grain viz., protein, fat, dry matter, ash and mineral contents under different grades were determined following standard methods. The dry matter and ash contents of grain decreased while the contents of protein and fat increased with the increasing severity of black point infection. The observations on macro and micro nutrient contents of grain indicated that the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, and boron increased, whereas the contents of potassium, iron, zinc, copper and sodium decreased with the increase of black point infection. However, the reductions in copper content of black point affected grains under different grades of infection were not significant as compared to apparently healthy grains. Key Words: Black point; Bipolaris sorokiniana; grain quality; wheat. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5789Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2) : 181-187, June 2009
Socio-economic assessment of wheat variety Shatabdi in some selected areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Baksh M Elahi , Kabir Md Jahangir , Kispatta Kalpona
Published: August 2010

The survey was conducted in two villages under Dinajpur and Thakurgaon Districts during March 2004 to assess the socioeconomic aspects of Shatabdi wheat variety adoption at farm level. Stratified random sampling technique was followed for farmer selection. All categories of farmers expected wheat varieties having high yielding potentialities with less disease and pest infestation, more heat tolerant, and bold grain with golden colour. New wheat variety Shatabdi is able to meet the maximum expected characters. Old variety Kanchan was more disease susceptible and new one was free from disease. A significant yield difference was found between new and old verities (Shatabdi yielded 3l% to 43% higher compared to Kanchan over the locations and farmers group). Gross margin (return over variable cost) of Shatabdi also higher compared to Kanchan. By cultivating new variety, farmers earned additional gross margin of Tk. 6446 to Tk. 8353 per hectare in Jagdal and Tk. 6097 to Tk. 9314 per hectare in Daulatpur over Kanchan. Cent percent farmers over the locations said that their income was increased by cultivating Shatabdi compared to old variety Kanchan. The non-adopter farmers wanted new variety seeds. All groups of farmers wanted training/video show for up-dating their technical know how. Key Words: New vs old varieties; profitability level; farmers' adoption. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5792Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2): 215-226, June 2009
Effect of mulching method and planting time on the yield and yield attributes of tomato in hill slope
Authors: Firoz ZA , Zaman MM , Uddin MS , Akand MH
Published: August 2010

An experiment was conducted at the Hill Agricultural Research Station, Khagrachari from September 2002 to February 2003 to find out the effect of mulching method (Mulching one month before planting, mulching just after planting and no mulching) and planting times (01 October, 16 October and 01 November) on the yield and yield attributes of tomato in hill slope. The highest yield (21.43 t/ha) was obtained from plant where mulch was given one month before planting. Among three planting times, the highest yield (15.27 t/ha) was obtained from 01 October planting. In case of combined effect, mulching one month before planting with 01 October planting produced the highest yield (28.06 t/ha) of tomato in hill slope. Key Words: Mulching; planting time; tomato yield; hill slope.  DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5793Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2): 227-232, June 2009
In vitro propagation of banana
Authors: Karim M Rezaul , Malek MA , Rahman Sajia , Al-Amin M , Amin M Ruhul
Published: August 2010

An in vitro technique for plant regeneration using meristem-derived plantlets of banana cv. BARI-l (Musa sp.) has been developed. Highest number of shoot regeneration was noticed on basal media supplemented with 7.5 mgL-1 BAP + 0.5 mgL-1 NAA at 30 days after inoculation (DAI). The mean number of shoots significantly reduced when the concentrations of BAP and NAA in the medium was high. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 IAA + 0.5 mgL-1 IBA at 30 DAI. In vitro raised plantlets were transferred to poly bags containing ground soil and cowdung mixture (1:1) for acclimatization and hardening in room temperature (28-30°C) and the established plantlets are ready for planting in the field. Key Words: In vitro propagation; banana; Musa sp.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5799Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2): 269-278, June 2009
Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of two varieties of Brassica: optimization of protocol
Authors: Khan MMA , Robin ABMAHK , Nazim-Ud-Dowla MAN , Talukder SK , Hassan L
Published: August 2010

Two rapeseed varieties, namely Tori-7 and BARI Sarisha-8, respectively, from Brassica rapa and Brassica napus were selected to observe the transformation ability. Petioles were inoculated in Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 carrying a binary vector pBl2l with GUS (reporter) and nptII (kanamycin resistant) gene. The transformation experiment was performed by optimizing two important factors: preculture time and co-cultivation time and also selected out the best variety. Infection was most effective when explants were pre-cultured for 72 hours (80% GUS positive). and co-cultivated for 72 hours (72% GUS positive). The variety Tori-7 showed the best response to GUS assay (65% GUS positive). Callus induction was the highest in Tori-7, which were 6% with 72 hours of preculture period and 9% in 48 hours of co-cultivation. Number of putative transformed plantlets were highest in Tori-7 (7 plants) followed by BARI Sarisha-8 (3 plants). Key words: Transformation; Brassica; GUS; Agrobacterium. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5802Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2): 287-301, June 2009
Influence of nitrogen on grain qualities of fine rice genotypes in aman and boro seasons
Authors: Mannan MA , Bhuiya MSU , Hossain SMA , Akhand MIM
Published: August 2010

Key Words: Influence of nitrogen; grain qualities; fine rice; aman; boro. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5806Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2): 329-333, June 2009
Haemangioma left pinna with extensive, multiple skin ulcerations
Authors: Rabbani SM Golam , Chowdhury M Alamgir , Yasmeen Naseem , Malakar Mousumi
Published: August 2010

Hemangioma is a benign vascular tumours constitute 7% of all benign tumours arise fromarterioles, venules & capillaries. It is deep red or blue-purple in colour, blench on pressure.Usually it is small & of no consequence is seen in isolation, but few may be multiple and /orpart of a wider syndrome. It is prone to extenssive bleeding if wall is damaged. It is besttreated with cryosungery or laser or if so large then by ligation or embolization of the feedingvessels. Here we have encountered a case of haemangioma in the left pinna with extensiveand multiple ulcerations of the skin, which is not so common site for development.Key words: Hemangioma; pinna.DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v16i1.5785Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 16(1): 70-72
L'entrée du sujet adolescent en politique
Authors: Bonnet Gérard
Published: August 2010

Résumé Comment un adolescent parvient-il à entrer en politique au sens propre du terme ? L’amour des idéaux, qui se manifeste parfois bruyamment à cette période de l’existence, en est probablement le ressort le plus déterminant. Encore faut-il préciser les composantes de cet amour, et les différentes catégories d’idéaux concernées, ce que Freud n’a fait qu’esquisser dans la seconde partie de son œuvre. On s’aperçoit alors que l’accès au politique suppose à la fois l’adhésion aux idéaux les plus universels, et le respect des idéaux narcissiques, partiels ou sociaux qu’impose l’existence. C’est donc la source de conflits permanents, et l’adolescent ne peut les gérer au niveau collectif qu’en entrant dans le discours politique au sens le plus large, et donc en appelant les idéaux par leur nom sans se leurrer sur leurs limites. C’est par là qu’il les reprend à son compte et se comporte en sujet, un sujet nécessairement écartelé entre des impératifs souvent contradictoires, mais prenant le risque de se prononcer à partir de ses propres convictions.