bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To team up or not: single versus team driving in European road freight transport
Authors: Goel Asvin , Vidal Thibaut , Kok Adrianus Leendert
Published: December 2020

The last decades have seen a tremendous amount of research being devoted to effectively managing vehicle fleets and minimizing empty mileage. However, in contrast to, e.g., the air transport sector, the question of how to best assign crews to vehicles, has received very little attention in the road transport sector. The vast majority of road freight transport in Europe is conducted by single drivers and team driving is often only conducted if there are special circumstances, e.g., security concerns. While it is clear that transport companies want to avoid the costs related to additional drivers, vehicles manned by a single driver sit unused whenever the driver takes a mandatory break or rest. Team drivers, on the other hand, can travel a much greater distance in the same amount of time, because mandatory breaks and rests are required less frequently. This paper investigates under which conditions trucking companies should use single or team driving to maximize their profitability. We present a novel optimization approach for simultaneously optimizing routes and crewing decisions and provide experimental evidence that, for a wide range of cost factors, operating a fleet with a mix of team and single drivers can significantly reduce operational costs when compared to typical profit margins in the sector.
Derivative NMR Spectroscopy for J-Coupled Multiplet Resonances using Short Time Signals (0.5KB) Encoded at Low Magnetic Field Strengths (1.5T). Part II: Water Unsuppressed
Authors: Belkić Dževad , Belkić Karen
Published: December 2020

The topic of this work is on reliable resolving of J-coupled resonances in spectral envelopes from proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These resonances appear as multiplets that none of the conventional nonderivative shape estimators can disentangle. However, the recently formulated nonconventional shape estimator, the derivative fast Padé transform (dFPT), has a chance to meet this challenge. In the preceding article with a polyethylene phantom, using the time signals encoded with water suppressed, the nonparametric dFPT was shown to be able to split apart the compound resonances that contain the known J-coupled multiplets. In the present work, we address the same proton NMR theme, but with sharply different initial conditions from encodings. The goal within the nonparametric dFPT is again to accurately resolve the J-coupled resonances with the same polyethylene phantom, but using raw time signals encoded without water suppression. The parallel work on the same problem employing two startlingly unequal time signals, encoded with and without water suppression in the preceding and the current articles, respectively, can offer an answer to a question of utmost practical significance. How much does water suppression during encoding time signals actually perturb the resonances near and farther away from the dominant water peak? This is why it is important to apply the same dFPT estimator to the time signals encoded without water suppression to complement the findings with water suppression. A notable practical side of this inquiry is in challenging the common wisdom, which invariably takes for granted that it is absolutely necessary to subtract water from the encoded time signals in order to extract meaningful information by way of NMR spectroscopy.
Pole, die nicht schmelzen
Authors: Lochner Barbara , Klundt Michael
Published: December 2020

Nicht erst durch Covid-19 sind Kinder und Jugendliche in Armutslagen Benachteiligungen in allen zentralen Lebensbereichen ausgesetzt, die sich u. a. mit sozialer Polarisierung begründen lassen. Der Beitrag leitet in den Schwerpunkt ein, in dem Grundzüge und Zusammenhänge gesellschaftlicher Polarisierungsprozesse beleuchtet und sozialpolitische Ansätze, diesen zu begegnen, diskutiert werden.
Interactions of molten salts with cathode products in the FFC Cambridge Process
Authors: Chen George Z.
Published: December 2020

Molten salts play multiple important roles in the electrolysis of solid metal compounds, particularly oxides and sulfides, for the extraction of metals or alloys. Some of these roles are positive in assisting the extraction of metals, such as dissolving the oxide or sulfide anions, and transporting them to the anode for discharging, and offering the high temperature to lower the kinetic barrier to break the metal-oxygen or metal-sulfur bond. However, molten salts also have unfavorable effects, including electronic conductivity and significant capability of dissolving oxygen and carbon dioxide gases. In addition, although molten salts are relatively simple in terms of composition, physical properties, and decomposition reactions at inert electrodes, in comparison with aqueous electrolytes, the high temperatures of molten salts may promote unwanted electrode-electrolyte interactions. This article reviews briefly and selectively the research and development of the Fray-Farthing-Chen (FFC) Cambridge Process in the past two decades, focusing on observations, understanding, and solutions of various interactions between molten salts and cathodes at different reduction states, including perovskitization, non-wetting of molten salts on pure metals, carbon contamination of products, formation of oxychlorides and calcium intermetallic compounds, and oxygen transfer from the air to the cathode product mediated by oxide anions in the molten salt.
A framework for monitoring multiple databases in industries using OPC UA
Authors: Mathias Selvine G. , Schmied Sebastian , Grossmann Daniel
Published: December 2020

Database management and monitoring is an inseparable part of any industry. A uniform scheme of monitoring relational databases without explicit user access to database servers is not much explored outside the database environment. In this paper, we present an information distribution scheme related to databases using Open Platform Communication Unified Architecture (OPC UA) servers to clients when multiple databases are involved in a factory. The aim is for external, but relevant clients, to be able to monitor this information mesh independent of explicit access to user schemas. A methodology to dispense data from, as well as check changes in databases using SQL queries and events is outlined and implemented using OPC UA servers. The structure can be used as a remote viewing application for multiple databases in one address space of an OPC UA server.
A Role for Conscious Accessibility in Skilled Action
Authors: Brozzo Chiara
Published: December 2020

Skilled sportsmen or musicians—more generally, skilled agents—often fill us with awe with the way they perform their actions. One question we may ask ourselves is whether theyintendedto perform some awe-inspiring aspects of their actions. This question becomes all the more pressing as it often turns out that these agents were not conscious of some of those aspects at the time of performance. As I shall argue, there are reasons for suspecting lack of conscious access to an aspect of one’s action to be incompatible with intending to perform that aspect of one’s action. Subsequently, though, I will also argue that, in some cases, the incompatibility is onlyprima facie, and can be dispelled by drawing the following distinction: that between aspects of one’s action that are merelytemporarily not consciously accessed, versus aspects of one’s action that arepermanently inaccessible to consciousness. I will thus remove an obstacle towards saying that skilled agents intended to perform certain aspects of their actions, despite lack of conscious access to those aspects at the time of performance.
Large-Scale Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses of Maize Seedling Leaves During De-Etiolation
Authors: Gao Zhi-Fang , Shen Zhuo , Chao Qing , Yan Zhen , Ge Xuan-Liang , Lu Tiancong , Zheng Haiyan , Qian Chun-Rong , Wang Bai-Chen
Published: December 2020

De-etiolation consists of a series of developmental and physiological changes that a plant undergoes in response to light. During this process light, an important environmental signal, triggers the inhibition of mesocotyl elongation and the production of photosynthetically active chloroplasts, and etiolated leaves transition from the “sink” stage to the “source” stage. De-etiolation has been extensively studied in maize (Zea mays L.). However, little is known about how this transition is regulated. In this study, we described a quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic atlas of the de-etiolation process in maize. We identified 16,420 proteins in proteome, among which 14,168 proteins were quantified. In addition, 8746 phosphorylation sites within 3110 proteins were identified. From the combined proteomic and phosphoproteomic data, we identified a total of 17,436 proteins. Only 7.0% (998/14,168) of proteins significantly changed in abundance during de-etiolation. In contrast, 26.6% of phosphorylated proteins exhibited significant changes in phosphorylation level; these included proteins involved in gene expression and homeostatic pathways and rate-limiting enzymes involved in photosynthetic light and carbon reactions. Based on phosphoproteomic analysis, 34.0% (1057/3110) of phosphorylated proteins identified in this study contained more than 2 phosphorylation sites, and 37 proteins contained more than 16 phosphorylation sites, indicating that multi-phosphorylation is ubiquitous during the de-etiolation process. Our results suggest that plants might preferentially regulate the level of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) rather than protein abundance for adapting to changing environments. The study of PTMs could thus better reveal the regulation of de-etiolation.
Pillars of Heaven: The Symbolic Function of Column and Bracket Sets in the Han Dynasty
Authors: Xie Jing
Published: December 2020

Wooden columns surmounted by bracket sets are a key element of the great buildings of Imperial China and have received a tremendous amount of attention from scholars and architectural professionals. This article revisits the question of their symbolic function during the Han dynasty (206 bce–ce 220). In addition to their structural role, column and bracket sets fulfilled important social and cultural needs related to the representation of celestial and spiritual qualities. Understood variously as pillars of heaven, gates of heaven, the constellations, Kunlun Mountain and celestial plants, column and bracket sets engendered a rich iconography that served to bond architecture closely to the heavens.
Art Nouveau and Bank Architecture in Nancy: Negotiating the Re-Emergence of a French Regional Identity
Authors: Clericuzio Peter
Published: December 2020

Art nouveau design is one of the principal markers of the identity of the French city of Nancy, which became internationally renowned as one of the most important centres for the development of this artistic style around 1900. Like other strands of the style, especially in Spain, Germany and parts of the Austro-Hungarian empire, art nouveau in eastern France has been linked to long-standing regionalist sentiments that resisted centralised Parisian control over local affairs typical in nineteenth-century France. This article examines the evolving bank architecture in central Nancy, a major facet of the introduction of art nouveau in its urban environment, to show that the construction of the city's modern character was a negotiated process that involved careful planning among financial institutions, architects and decorative artists. The design and erection of modern banks in Nancy in the first decade of the twentieth century balanced generalised architectural principles emanating from the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris with the employment of highly symbolic regional naturalist motifs and architectural elements. This strategy fulfilled a variety of communicative functions to appeal to a civic populace whose identity was multivalent and shifting with the era's political climate, particularly with regard to the nearby ‘lost provinces’ of Alsace-Lorraine in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian war.
Gifting Architecture: China and the National Stadium in Costa Rica, 2007–11
Authors: Verri Valeria Guzmán
Published: December 2020

The delivery of stadiums — either as gifts or as concessional loans — is part of a strategy that the People's Republic of China has been implementing since the mid-1960s in its diplomatic relations with Asian, African, Caribbean and South Pacific countries. The National Stadium in Costa Rica, designed and built from 2007 to 2011, is a prime example of China's diplomatic drive through the cultural-geopolitical spaces of the ‘Third World’. It reveals the political, financial and diplomatic operations at stake, the kind of roles architects are expected to perform and the forms of architectural debate (if any) they elicit. The stadium also brought with it the visions, interests and weaknesses of specific architectural practices related to Chinese foreign-aid projects, which involved the replication of identical forms across continents. The building highlights the interrelated processes that China has developed over decades through diplomacy and financing, the construction industry, public administration, architectural know-how and global trade.
Challenging the Multidimensional Conception of Perceived	Person-Environment Fit
Authors: Etzel Julian M. , Nagy Gabriel
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In the current study, we examined the viability of a multidimensional conception of perceived person-environment (P-E) fit in higher education. We introduce an optimized 12-item measure that distinguishes between four content dimensions of perceived P-E fit: interest-contents (I-C) fit, needs-supplies (N-S) fit, demands-abilities (D-A) fit, and values-culture (V-C) fit. The central aim of our study was to examine whether the relationships between different P-E fit dimensions and educational outcomes can be accounted for by a higher-order factor that captures the shared features of the four fit dimensions. Relying on a large sample of university students in Germany, we found that students distinguish between the proposed fit dimensions. The respective first-order factors shared a substantial proportion of variance and conformed to a higher-order factor model. Using a newly developed factor extension procedure, we found that the relationships between the first-order factors and most outcomes were not fully accounted for by the higher-order factor. Rather, with the exception of V-C fit, all specific P-E fit factors that represent the first-order factors’ unique variance showed reliable and theoretically plausible relationships with different outcomes. These findings support the viability of a multidimensional conceptualization of P-E fit and the validity of our adapted instrument.
Psychometric Properties and Prospective Predictive Utility of the	Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires
Authors: White Evan J. , Grant DeMont M. , Kraft Jacob D. , Taylor Danielle L. , Deros Danielle E. , Nagel Kaitlyn M. , Frosio Kristen E.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Recent theoretical research posits that a key factor in the development and maintenance of pathological worry is the avoidance of sudden emotional shifts. Recently two self-report instruments were developed to index this phenomenon (Contrast Avoidance Questionnaire – Worry [CAQ-W] and Contrast Avoidance Questionnaire – General Emotion [CAQ-GE]). This work employed a multi-study design to provide an independent evaluation of the latent structure of these measures; additionally, the validity and longitudinal predictive ability of the measures was examined. Findings of the factor analytic work support a two-factor solution for each of the questionnaires. These were defined as the following subscales: CAQ-W: Emotional Contrast; Negative Affect, and for the CAQ-GE: Avoidance; Discomfort. Test-retest reliability of the measure was strong and the identified subscales demonstrated differential predictive ability regarding future worry and depression. Results indicate that subscales related to the experience of negative affect rather than avoidance, display predictive utility of future symptoms. These findings are somewhat discrepant with extant literature on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) assessment of contrast avoidance indicating the need for refinement in the self-report measurement of this construct.
The Spatial Transformation Process and Critical Time Node Detection in Global Extreme High Temperature Clusters
Authors: Zhang Ting , Cheng Changxiu , Song Changqing
Published: December 2020

Extreme high temperature (EHT) events have caused serious impact on society. In previous research, EHT indices seldom consider spatial aggregation. To conduct the comprehensive evaluation, the global EHT days from 1979 to 2017 have been evaluated in terms of high temperature duration, accumulative temperature intensities and magnitude of spatial aggregation based on ERA‐Interim 2 m air temperature data set. In addition, abnormal warming of polar and ocean surfaces has rarely been addressed in global‐scale studies. To address this deficiency, the indices of EHT days are normalized by maximum in history for each location. To solve the time discontinuity problem on EHT spatiotemporal distribution in previous studies, we utilized spatiotemporal scan statistics to detect EHT spatiotemporal clusters (EHT‐STCs), and clusters correspond to a certain spatiotemporal extent where the EHT events are aggregated. This method actualizes time‐continuous and spatiotemporal integral detection. The results show the following: 1. There are apparent changes in EHT‐STC spatial distribution after 1999, so 1999 can be recognized as the critical time node of EHT‐STC spatial transformation. 2. After 1999, the EHT‐STC number gradually increased, and the duration and spatial coverage of EHT‐STC gradually expanded. Overall, EHT‐STCs display a significant northward migration, with an average northward movement of 7.03° for each transition from 1979 to 2017. 3. There are differences in the extremity and transformation process in different regions. EHT‐STCs in Antarctica are concentrated before 1992, with the strongest EHT extremity; EHT‐STCs in the Arctic and middle‐low latitude continents are concentrated after 2010 and 1999 respectively, both with a strong EHT extremity. There is a similar EHT‐STC number in the middle‐low latitude ocean before and after 1999 with the weakest extremity. These results contribute to determining EHT causes and future trends in global climate change.
On the Semiannual Formation of Large Scale Three‐Dimensional Vortices at the Stratopause
Authors: O'Kane Terence J. , Kitsios Vassili , Collier Mark A.
Published: December 2020

An examination of the dynamics of the middle atmosphere as reconstructed in the NASA Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‐2) reveals the formation of large scale three‐dimensional (3D) vortices in the tropical stratosphere following both the vernal and autumnal equinoxes at times when the jet associated with the westerly phase of the semiannual oscillation (SAO) is maximal and extratropical influences from planetary waves are weakest. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the second matrix invariant of the velocity gradient tensor applied to the shear zones about the SAO reveals statistically stationary wave‐5 vortex structures that span more than 3,200 km in length and up to 40 km in the vertical. Eliassen‐Palm fluxes suggests the vortices are maintained by a combination of local (shear zones) and remote (vertically propagating tropical) sources of momentum. These large‐scale coherent features appear to be unique to the stratopause.
Modeling Multiphase Flow Within and Around Deformable Porous Materials: A Darcy‐Brinkman‐Biot Approach
Authors: Carrillo Francisco J. , Bourg Ian C.
Published: December 2020

We present a new computational fluid dynamics approach for simulating two‐phase flow in hybrid systems containing solid‐free regions and deformable porous matrices. Our approach is based on the derivation of a unique set of volume‐averaged partial differential equations that asymptotically approach the Navier‐Stokes Volume‐of‐Fluid equations in solid‐free regions and multiphase Biot Theory in porous regions. The resulting equations extend our recently developed Darcy‐Brinkman‐Biot framework to multiphase flow. Through careful consideration of interfacial dynamics (relative permeability and capillary effects) and extensive benchmarking, we show that the resulting model accurately captures the strong two‐way coupling that is often exhibited between multiple fluids and deformable porous media. Thus, it can be used to represent flow‐induced material deformation (swelling, compression) and failure (cracking, fracturing). The model's open‐source numerical implementation, hybridBiotInterFoam, effectively marks the extension of computational fluid mechanics into modeling multiscale multiphase flow in deformable porous systems. The versatility of the solver is illustrated through applications related to material failure in poroelastic coastal barriers and surface deformation due to fluid injection in poro‐visco‐plastic systems.
Titanium mesh for bone augmentation in oral implantology: current application and progress
Authors: Xie Yu , Li Songhang , Zhang Tianxu , Wang Chao , Cai Xiaoxiao
Published: December 2020

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is an effective and simple method for bone augmentation, which is often used to reconstruct the alveolar ridge when the bone defect occurs in the implant area. Titanium mesh has expanded the indications of GBR technology due to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, so that the GBR technology can be used to repair alveolar ridges with larger bone defects, and can obtain excellent and stable bone augmentation results. Currently, GBR with titanium mesh has various clinical applications, including different clinical procedures. Bone graft materials, titanium mesh covering methods, and titanium mesh fixing methods are also optional. Moreover, the research of GBR with titanium mesh has led to multifarious progresses in digitalization and material modification. This article reviews the properties of titanium mesh and the difference of titanium mesh with other barrier membranes; the current clinical application of titanium mesh in bone augmentation; common complications and management and prevention methods in the application of titanium mesh; and research progress of titanium mesh in digitization and material modification. Hoping to provide a reference for further improvement of titanium mesh in clinical application and related research of titanium mesh.
Rapid and complete inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by ultraviolet-C irradiation
Authors: Storm Nadia , McKay Lindsay G. A. , Downs Sierra N. , Johnson Rebecca I. , Birru Dagnachew , de Samber Marc , Willaert Walter , Cennini Giovanni , Griffiths Anthony
Published: December 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has devastated global public health systems and economies, with over 52 million people infected, millions of jobs and businesses lost, and more than 1 million deaths recorded to date. Contact with surfaces contaminated with droplets generated by infected persons through exhaling, talking, coughing and sneezing is a major driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with the virus being able to survive on surfaces for extended periods of time. To interrupt these chains of transmission, there is an urgent need for devices that can be deployed to inactivate the virus on both recently and existing contaminated surfaces. Here, we describe the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in both wet and dry format using radiation generated by a commercially available Signify ultraviolet (UV)-C light source at 254 nm. We show that for contaminated surfaces, only seconds of exposure is required for complete inactivation, allowing for easy implementation in decontamination workflows.
Grand-potential based phase-field model for systems with interstitial sites
Authors: Kubendran Amos P. G. , Nestler Britta
Published: December 2020

Existing grand-potential based multicomponent phase-field model is extended to handle systems with interstitial sublattice. This is achieved by treating the concentration of alloying elements in site-fraction. Correspondingly, the chemical species are distinguished based on their lattice positions, and their mode of diffusion, interstitial or substitutional, is appropriately realised. An approach to incorporate quantitative driving-force, through parabolic approximation of CALPHAD data, is introduced. By modelling austenite decomposition in ternary Fe–C–Mn, albeit in a representative microstructure, the ability of the current formalism to handle phases with interstitial components, and to distinguish interstitial diffusion from substitutional in grand-potential framework is elucidated. Furthermore, phase transformation under paraequilibrium is modelled to demonstrate the limitation of adopting mole-fraction based formulation to treat multicomponent systems.
State-specific projection of COVID-19 infection in the United States and evaluation of three major control measures
Authors: Chen Shi , Li Qin , Gao Song , Kang Yuhao , Shi Xun
Published: December 2020

Most models of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States do not consider geographic variation and spatial interaction. In this research, we developed a travel-network-based susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) mathematical compartmental model system that characterizes infections by state and incorporates inflows and outflows of interstate travelers. Modeling reveals that curbing interstate travel when the disease is already widespread will make little difference. Meanwhile, increased testing capacity (facilitating early identification of infected people and quick isolation) and strict social-distancing and self-quarantine rules are most effective in abating the outbreak. The modeling has also produced state-specific information. For example, for New York and Michigan, isolation of persons exposed to the virus needs to be imposed within 2 days to prevent a broad outbreak, whereas for other states this period can be 3.6 days. This model could be used to determine resources needed before safely lifting state policies on social distancing.
Ultrasensitive electrochemical determination of phosphate in water by using hydrophilic TiO2 modified glassy carbon electrodes
Authors: Jin Yan , Qi Tong , Ge Yuqing , Chen Jin , Liang Lijuan , Ju Jiaqi , Zhao Jianlong
Published: December 2020

In this paper, ultrasensitive electrochemical determination of phosphate in water is achieved by using hydrophilic TiO2 modified glassy carbon electrodes for the first time. A detection limit of 0.1 μg L−1 is obtained, and a linear relationship (R2 = 0.99) between the phosphate concentration (ranging from 0.1 μg L−1 to 1 μg L−1) and the peak current was observed.
BMP-2 delivery strategy modulates local bone regeneration and systemic immune responses to complex extremity trauma
Authors: Vantucci Casey E. , Krishan Laxminarayanan , Cheng Albert , Prather Ayanna , Roy Krishnendu , Guldberg Robert E.
Published: December 2020

Bone nonunions remain compelling orthopedic challenges. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) delivered in a heparin microparticle (HMP) delivery system improved local bone regeneration compared to BMP-2 delivered in the clinical standard collagen sponge.
Metformin loaded porous particles with bio-microenvironment responsiveness for promoting tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Wen Yuanyuan , Liu Yuxiao , Chen Canwen , Chi Junjie , Zhong Liping , Zhao Yongxiang , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: December 2020

This article presented a novel tumor-microenvironment-responsive particles delivery system with metformin-loaded chitosan inverse opal core and manganese dioxide shell for inhibiting PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway and promoting tumor immunotherapy.
Combined DFT and kinetic Monte Carlo study of a bridging-spillover mechanism on fluorine-decorated graphene
Authors: Guo Jing-Hua , Liu Jin-Xiang , Wang Hong-Bo , Liu Hai-Ying , Chen Gang
Published: December 2020

A hydrogen spillover reaction channel from Pt/C catalyst to the graphene surface that can occur at moderate temperature.
Delocalized relativistic effects, from the viewpoint of halogen bonding
Authors: Sarr Serigne , Graton Jérôme , Rahali Seyfeddine , Montavon Gilles , Galland Nicolas
Published: December 2020

Halogen bonds mediated by iodine (Z = 53) can be more affected by relativistic effects than halogen bonds mediated by astatine (Z = 85).
Carbon supported hybrid catalysts for controlled product selectivity in the hydrosilylation of alkynes
Authors: Roemer Max , Gonçales Vinicius R. , Keaveney Sinead T. , Pernik Indrek , Lian Jiaxin , Downes James , Gooding J. Justin , Messerle Barbara A.
Published: December 2020

A series of Rh- and Ir-hybrid catalysts with varying tether lengths has been prepared by immobilization of RhI, RhIII and IrIII complexes on carbon black, and applied in the hydrosilylation of alkynes.
Thin-film-transistor digital microfluidics for high value in vitro diagnostics at the point of need
Authors: Anderson Sally , Hadwen Ben , Brown Chris
Published: December 2020

The latest developments in thin-film-transistor digital-microfluidics (TFT-DMF) are reported, and proof of concept application to molecular diagnostics (e.g. for coronavirus disease, COVID-19) at the point-of-need demonstrated.
Bis-maltol-polyamine family: structural modifications at strategic positions. Synthesis, coordination and antineoplastic activity of two new ligands
Authors: Giorgi Luca , Ambrosi Gianluca , Paderni Daniele , Conti Luca , Amatori Stefano , Romagnoli Francesca , Rossi Patrizia , Formica Mauro , Macedi Eleonora , Giorgi Claudia , Paoli Paola , Fanelli Mirco , Fusi Vieri
Published: December 2020

Substitution at the maltol C6 position affects the antineoplastic and coordination properties of Malten, acting on degradation time, binding ability and biological activity.
Spectromicroscopy and imaging of photoexcited electron dynamics at in-plane silicon pn junctions
Authors: Hu Aiqin , Liu Wei , Li Xiaofang , Xu Shengnan , Li Yaolong , Xue Zhaohang , Tang Jinglin , Ye Lulu , Yang Hong , Li Ming , Ye Yu , Sun Quan , Gong Qihuang , Lu Guowei
Published: December 2020

Revealing the influence of doping patterns on the photoelectron spectra and dynamics at in-plane silicon PN junctions using a time-resolved photoemission electron microscope.
Magnesium bromide (MgBr2) as a catalyst for living cationic polymerization and ring-expansion cationic polymerization
Authors: Daito Yuji , Kojima Reina , Kusuyama Naoyuki , Kohsaka Yasuhiro , Ouchi Makoto
Published: December 2020

Magnesium bromide (MgBr2) was found to be an effective catalyst for the ring-expansion cationic polymerizations of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) initiated by a “cyclic” hemiacetal ester (HAE) bond-based initiator leading to the syntheses of cyclic poly(IBVE)s.
Influence of hidden halogen mobility on local structure of CsSn(Cl1−xBrx)3 mixed-halide perovskites by solid-state NMR
Authors: Karmakar Abhoy , Bhattacharya Amit , Sarkar Diganta , Bernard Guy M. , Mar Arthur , Michaelis Vladimir K.
Published: December 2020

Unravelling the atomic-level chemical structure, slow phase conversion or degradation pathways and rapid halogen hopping of cesium tin(ii) halide perovskites using solid-state 119Sn and 133Cs NMR spectroscopy.
Engineering of TMDC–OSC hybrid interfaces: the thermodynamics of unitary and mixed acene monolayers on MoS2
Authors: Kachel Stefan R. , Dombrowski Pierre-Martin , Breuer Tobias , Gottfried J. Michael , Witte Gregor
Published: December 2020

Entropic stabilization enables the fabrication of (perfluoro-)pentacene monolayers on MoS2 by selective multilayer desorption but reduces order and packing density. Intermolecular attraction allows to create ordered close-packed molecular monolayers.
A simple strategy for simultaneously enhancing photostability and mitochondrial-targeting stability of near-infrared fluorophores for multimodal imaging-guided photothermal therapy
Authors: Zhang Shuping , Chen Hua , Wang Liping , Liu Chunli , Liu Li , Sun Yu , Shen Xing-can
Published: December 2020

Versatile and straightforward methods for simultaneously enhancing the photostability and mitochondrial-immobilization of near-infrared fluorophores are highly desirable.
Ultra-smooth and robust graphene-based hybrid anode for high-performance flexible organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Xia Lianlian , Liu Lizhao , Chen Yuwen , Wang Zuozhi , Wang Wei , Ma Dongge , Liu Zhaoping
Published: December 2020

Simultaneous achievement of polymer-free transfer of CVD-graphene and smoothing of PET substrate improves the performance and stability of the OLEDs.
Beyond the Patient: A Mixed-Methods Inquiry Into Family Members' Involvement in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease to Target Third-Party Disability
Authors: Mach Helen , Baylor Carolyn , Hunting Pompon Rebecca , Yorkston Kathryn
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Family members of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) may experience third-party disability, manifesting as difficulty managing communication breakdowns and changed relationships influenced by communication disorders. This study examined family involvement in therapy to address third-party disability from the perspective of family members of people with PD and speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method

A mixed-methods design was used with two phases of data collection. In Phase 1 qualitative interviews, nine family members shared their perspectives about their involvement in therapy. In Phase 2, a survey was developed from Phase 1 data to gather data from SLPs (
N
= 110) on their clinical practices involving family members.

Results

Family members and SLPs agreed that when family were involved in therapy, it was primarily to support therapy exercises for the person with PD. Many SLPs reported providing supportive activities for family members. However, qualitative data from family members suggested that the limited involvement they had in therapy did not sufficiently meet their unique needs resulting from communication changes with the person with PD and other related challenges. Constraints influencing family member involvement included insurance billing regulations, privacy laws for patients, and family members' availability.

Conclusions

While some families and SLPs reported efforts to specifically include families and address their needs in therapy, these practices were inconsistent and, from families' perspectives, insufficient to meet their own needs. Future research should consider family-centered approaches that involve family members in speech-language therapy to enhance their daily lives, along with persons with PD.
Holistic Admissions: From Paper File to Live Interview
Authors: Scheer-Cohen Alison R. , Heisler Lori , Moineau Suzanne
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

The holistic approach to admissions includes an evaluation of traditional measures (e.g., cumulative grade-point average), attributes unique to the applicant (e.g., leadership), and variables important to the field (e.g., interpersonal skills). Outlined in this clinical focus article is an innovative approach to holistic admissions that includes evaluation of a video-recorded response to a case-based prompt and a live interview that includes application of knowledge, demonstration of critical thinking skills, and assessment of personal attributes.

Conclusions:

This comprehensive process includes evaluation of an applicant's knowledge, skills, and professional dispositions. Planning, implementation, outcomes, evaluation, and challenges of this approach are discussed.
Monitoring area screening of AC system to improve embedded VSC‐HVDC operation efficiency
Authors: Lee Jaehyeong , Kim Woosung , Jung Seungmin , Suh Jaewan , Yoon Minhan , Jang Gilsoo
Published: December 2020

With the increasing number of embedded high‐voltage DC (HVDC) projects in AC systems, there is growing research interest in controlling the operating point of the HVDC in real time. This real‐time operation system requires the AC system information to be continuously updated, which involves practical challenges such as the burden of communication. To mitigate this problem, this paper proposes a novel technique to screen the AC system monitoring area for the efficient operation of the embedded HVDC. The screening algorithm determines the monitoring area by HVDC sensitivity analysis using the power transfer distribution factor. Then, a reliable and efficient grid operation is enabled using the limited data obtained from the determined area. The proposed methodology is verified using a Korean power system with multiple HVDCs. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed technology are verified by comparing the results obtained using the system‐wide data with those obtained from the monitoring area.
Investigations on STATCOM using current error space phasor based modified hysteresis current controller
Authors: Raju Athira , Cheriyan Elizabeth P , Ramchand Rijil
Published: December 2020

A STATCOM that employs a nearly constant switching frequency hysteresis current controlled VSI is presented in this paper. Hysteresis controller enhances the dynamic performance of STATCOM. The switching frequency variations associated with the conventional hysteresis current controller is reduced by using a variable hysteresis boundary. Variable hysteresis boundary is predetermined by the current error, based on the sampled magnitudes of the reference voltage vector. This makes the switching frequency nearly constant and switching vector selection optimal. As a result, a voltage FFT profile similar to that of a space vector modulated STATCOM is obtained. Choosing a space vector based reference voltage vector keeps the current error within the pre‐calculated boundaries and improves the current tracking capability of STATCOM. The systematic method of selecting a switching sequence avoids random switching. Effectiveness of the proposed method for the control of grid‐connected STATCOM is experimentally verified and compared with a voltage‐controlled space vector modulated voltage source inverter based STATCOM. The hardware implementation of the controller for grid‐connected STATCOM is carried out in OPAL‐RT real‐time simulator platform and experimentally validated for a three‐phase balanced load of 5 kVA.
Hyperspectral image classification using 3D 2D CNN
Authors: Diakite Alou , Jiangsheng Gui , Xiaping Fu
Published: December 2020

Recent works have shown that deep‐learning‐derived methods based on convolutional neural network can achieve high performance in terms of accuracy when applied to computer vision task such as object detection, segmentation and classification particularly on hyperspectral image. However, the existing methods have long training times. To reduce the training time and increase the accuracy, this paper proposed a new 3D2D convolutional neural network combined for hyperspectral image classification. For this purpose, a 3D fast learning block (depthwise separable convolution block and a fast convolution block) followed by a 2D convolutional neural network was introduced to extract spectralspatial features. Four datasets were used for the experiment purpose and the results showed that the proposed method achieved excellent result on both small and large training data compared with existing methods. The proposed method increased the overall accuracies by 2% on UP and KSC datasets while significantly reducing the training time on IP and KSC datasets, respectively. The proposed method increased all accuracies for at least 6% on IP, KSC and UP datasets when compared to some state‐of‐the‐art methods. Also, it reduced considerably the training and testing time on IP and KSC datasets when fast convolution block alone is involved.
Finite element analysis of surface elastic waveguide based on pyramidal phononic crystal
Authors: Lekhal Djamel , Mekkakia‐Maaza Nasr‐Eddine , Lakhdari Abdelghani
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a pyramidal phononic crystal waveguide, deposited on a thick substrate made of silicon, is studied. The pillars are arranged in a square array on the top surface of the substrate. By using the finite element method, the surface modes are investigated, and the band structures of the surface acoustic waves and the corresponding transmission spectrum are calculated, to study the effect of local resonance of the pyramidal pillars on the band gap. The pyramidal pillars have a rising mass density from the top surface of the pyramid, where the elastic energy can be well confined within. This type of phononic crystals offers further possibilities for filtering and guiding of elastic waves in nanostructures, which can be used in nanoelectromechanical and microelectromechanical engineering systems.
Encapsulating Keggin‐H3PW12O40 into UIO‐66(Zr) for manufacturing the biodiesel
Authors: Zhu Jiayu , Wang Ze , Song Xinluo , Zhao Bangyao , Li Yafeng , Wang Yuanrui
Published: December 2020

In the presence of acetic acid as modulated agent, Keggin‐H3PW12O40 (K‐PW12) has been encapsulated into UIO‐66(Zr) by the solvothermal method. The as‐synthesized K‐PW12@UIO‐66(Zr) composite has further been characterized by PXRD, TG, FTIR, ICP‐AES, N2 isothermal adsorption, SEM and TEM. The results exhibit that Keggin‐H3PW12O40 is entrapped into the interior cage of UIO‐66(Zr) framework which is enlarged by losing terephthalic acid linker in the presence of acetic acid. K‐PW12@UIO‐66(Zr) composite can efficiently catalyse the esterification of methanol and oleic acid into biodiesel.
The photo‐mechanical response characteristics of carbon nanocoil‐based cantilever
Authors: Wang P. , Wang Q. L. , Deng C. H. , Pan L. J.
Published: December 2020

Carbon nanocoils (CNCs), with quasi‐1D morphology and unique helical structure, are found to have great potential as nanocantilevers for multifunctional micro/nano electro‐mechanical devices and systems. Instead of conventional mechanical actuation, photo‐actuation is a high‐efficient and low‐power‐consuming approach with the advantages of remote control and possible utilization of solar energy. This work investigates the photo‐mechanics of CNC‐based cantilever. An “enhancement of photo‐mechanical response” effect is found, which comes from the photothermal coupling between CNC and surrounding environment. Moreover, for curving CNCs, the photo‐induced vibration of CNC cantilever is strongly modulated through regulating the laser‐irradiation position. The amplitude‐to‐length ratio increases nearly five‐fold, from 0.05 to 0.24. CNC‐based nanocantilevers have promising applications in photo‐controlled thermal generators and photo‐driven actuators.
Multi‐harmonic oscillation and stability analysis of double‐input buck/buck‐boost inverter
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Wei , Ding Honghui , Zheng Feng
Published: December 2020

In this study, multi‐harmonic oscillation behaviour and stability problem in double‐input buck/buck–boost inverter are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. First, the observer‐pattern model is obtained by the local orthogonal and autonomous transformation in order to eliminate the time‐variance effect from both fundamental component and the ‘hidden’ second‐harmonic in the double‐input cascade system. Based on the proposed model, bifurcation analysis method is employed to reveal the underlying mechanism of the multi‐harmonic oscillation behaviour and identify the dominant harmonics. It is shown that the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation results in the double‐adding harmonic oscillation, and the interaction between the double‐adding harmonic components and the ‘hidden’ second harmonic component is also responsible for the multi‐harmonic oscillation behaviour. Meanwhile, the occurrence of the multi‐harmonic oscillations leads to the decrease of the system efficiency. For stability enhancement, the harmonic‐stability sensitivity is presented to evaluate the influence of the key circuit parameters on the system stability quantitatively. In addition, the stability boundaries of the double‐input inverter for these key parameters are provided to guide the system optimal design. Finally, the effectiveness of the above analysis is verified by those experimental results.
A new pulse measurement method for magnetisation characteristics of small loss angle core
Authors: Jinghui Wang , Dayi Su , Wei Chen
Published: December 2020

It is difficult to measure the magnetisation characteristics of magnetic powder cores with small loss angle and high saturation flux density. Here, a new pulse measurement method is proposed, in which the capacitance with preset bias voltage applies pulse excitation voltage to the measured magnetic component through RLC oscillation discharge, and the air core inductor whose permeability is vacuum permeability is used as the standard magnetic component to eliminate the numerical differential error of the traditional pulse measurement method. Based on the detailed analysis of the measurement principle and error source of the new pulse measurement method, the measurement system is established. The impedance analyser method is used to verify that it can accurately measure the magnetisation characteristics of the magnetic powder core with small loss angle.
Comparison of regular and irregular 32 pulse density modulation patterns for induction heating
Authors: Karafil Akif , Ozbay Harun , Oncu Selim
Published: December 2020

In this study, an induction heating (IH) application is carried out by transferring the maximum power extracted from photovoltaic (PV) panels to the stainless steel with the designed regular and irregular 32 pulse density modulation (PDM) controlled series resonant inverter. The main objective of this study is to analyse the changes in the system due to regular and irregular PDM patterns. Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is used to control the output power at different solar irradiation values with varying PDM patterns. Regular and irregular PDM control methods are compared in terms of MPPT efficiency, cost, algorithm complexity, logic control structure and current/voltage stresses of the power switches. Zero current switching (ZCS) conditions are provided by using phase locked loop (PLL) technique at all power points of the PV system. The appropriate switching conditions are tracked continuously at resonant frequency, and therefore soft switching is realised. Perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is used with the aim of tracking the maximum power in PV panels and high tracking efficiency is obtained with PDM‐controlled P&O MPPT algorithm. ATMEL328P‐AU microcontroller is used to control the inverter in the system.
A review: Energy storage system and balancing circuits for electric vehicle application
Authors: Habib A. K. M. Ahasan , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul , Mahmud Md , Motakabber S. M. A. , Ibrahimya Muhammad I. , Islam Shayla
Published: December 2020

The prominent electric vehicle technology, energy storage system, and voltage balancing circuits are most important in the automation industry for the global environment and economic issues. The energy storage system has a great demand for their high specific energy and power, high‐temperature tolerance, and long lifetime in the electric vehicle market. For reducing the individual battery or super capacitor cell‐damaging change, capacitive loss over the charging or discharging time and prolong the lifetime on the string, the cell balancing is compulsory. The electric vehicles drive train architecture, overall applicable energy storage system, and the balancing circuit categories as cell‐to‐heat, cell‐to‐cell, cell‐to‐pack, pack‐to‐cell, and cell‐to‐pack‐to‐cell are reviewed. The comparative study has shown the different key factors of market available electric vehicles, different types of energy storage systems, and voltage balancing circuits. The study will help the researcher improve the high efficient energy storage system and balancing circuit that is highly applicable to the electric vehicle.