bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase-Locked Loop Approach to the Automatic Measurement of Resonant and Anti-Resonant Frequencies of Piezoelectric Resonators
Authors: Hayashi Shigeo , Sasaki Yukihiko
Published: March 2014

A new method for the selective and direct measurement of resonant and anti-resonant frequencies of piezoelectric resonators is proposed. The frequency need not be swept since the method is based on the principle of the phase-locked loop, and so it is suitable for automatic measurements, especially, of the temperature dependence of these frequencies. The method was tested for a preliminary setup and it took at most 4 seconds to obtain either of these two frequency values. Possible improvements of the design, including ways to more rapid operation, are suggested.
Surface Acoustic Wave Convolver Using Multi-Channel Waveguide
Authors: Shimokihara Yasuhiko Nakagawa Shinichi , Takanose Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2014

We have studied on a new type surface acoustic wave convolver consisting of multi channel waveguide, namely, in which the drawbacks inherent to an acoustoelectric convolver, and also to an elastic convolver are eliminated. We have adopted focussed interdigital transducers as the input to the new convolver, and improved its frequency characteristics and the time bandwidth product.
Studies on the Characteristics of Ceramic Fiber Reinforced Piezoelectric Ceramics
Authors: Ohnishi Kazumasa , Morohashi Takashi
Published: March 2014

Improvement of the mechanical strength of piezoelectric material was tried by adding various kinds of ceramic fibers. Alumina fiber was found to reinforce the strength without any detectable reaction with the piezoelectric material nor any significant effect on the dielectric characteristics. It was also proved that higher strength is obtained by HIP treatment compared to normal sintering.
Mix Sintering of Ferroelectric Materials Using HIP
Authors: Ohnishi Kazumasa , Morohashi Takashi , Uchino Kenji
Published: March 2014

BaTiO3 and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 were mix sintered by HIP treatment. The observed dielectric constant of the sintered body show excellent coincidence with the calculated from the dielectric constant of individual constituent phase assuming the co-existence of the phases. Co-existence of the two phases were confirmed also by EPMA analysis.
Sintering of Mixed Powders and Evaluation of Phase Structure in Lead-Based Relaxor Ceramics
Authors: Tashiro Shinjiro , Gotoh Kenichi , Igarashi Hideji
Published: March 2014

In order to make clear the relation between densification and solid reaction in mixed-sintering of two kinds of lead based relaxors, the density and phase structure of ceramics were experimentally investigaqted. The phase structure of ceramics was analyzed using a simulation of the temperature dependence of relative permittivity, and it was found that the phase structure was almost 3 phases which consists of two mixing materials and a reacted phase more than 80 mol% in dense ceramics. Additives such as SiO2 or Bi2O3 could be lowered the sintering temperature, and was effective to obtain dense ceramics with less solid reaction.
Composite Piezoelectric Ceramics of (LiBi)1/2-Modifed PZT System
Authors: Yoneda Atsuhiko , Takenaka Tadashi , Sakata Koichiro
Published: March 2014

Composite piezoelectric ceramics of (LiBi)1/2-modified Pb(Zr
y
Ti1-y
)O3 (PZT) system are sutudied to stabilize the temperature dependence of frequency constant, N, by the mixed sintering method with the granule. Composite ceramics, with the measured density ratio over 95%, have a high electromechanical coupling factor, k
p (> 50%). The temperature coefficient, TCN
P, of the N
p, from room temperature to 130°C, is +11 ppm/°C which is more stable than that of conventional PZT ceramics.
Overwrite Characteristics in Phase Change Optical Disk
Authors: Ishida Takashi , Ohara Shunji , Akahira Nobuo , Ohta Takeo , Yoshida Tomio
Published: March 2014

We studied overwrite characteristics in low and high erase power condition for (Sb2Te3–GeTe–Sb) phase change optical disk. The main results obtained so far are summarized as follows. (1) In phase change media, the residual signals don't make the phase jitter worse. This reason is that the erased area is always formed around the written mark by write power. We called this phenomenon the Self Sharpening Effect (SSE). SSE is one of the unique characteristics of the phase change media. (2) The (Sb2Te3–GeTe–Sb) phase change optical disk has wide erase power range that gives enough wide margin for the exchangeability.
Ge–Te–Sb Based Overwritable Phase Change Optical Disk
Authors: Nishimura Kazuhiro , Suzuki Masaru , Morimoto Isao , Mori Koichi
Published: March 2014

An overwritable recording medium conformed to the ISO format (CCS) has been developed on the basis of the phase change type recording material using the Ge–Te–Sb ternary alloy. This material achieved the bit error rate (BER) of less than 10-5 and phase margin of more than 40 nsec, which are sufficient for practical use as a digital data recording medium. The overwriting tests made clear the relationship between the digital and analog recording characteristics: erase ratio of more than 25 dB is required to realize the desired BER and the phase margin. Overwritability is achieved over the wide range of linear velocity from 1.4 m/s to 22.0 m/s by selecting appropriate composition areas of the ternary alloy. The crystallization and amorphization mechanisms are discussed in detail which have great effects both on the favorable alloy composition area according to the linear velocity and on the optimum bias power for digital data recording.
Focusing Error Detection by the Double-Edge Method
Authors: Ando Hideo , Nakamura Yuichi
Published: March 2014

Conventional methods of focusing error detection have their respective disadvantages. To eliminate such difficulties, we have developed a new focusing error detection method. We have devised a unique principle for detection, by simulating the effect of each optical parameter on the focusing error detection characteristics, and evaluating the characteristics of the newly established optical head. This error detection method is influenced less by the tracking error signal, and it is also possible to obtain a tracking error signal from the same photodetector.
Efficient Self‐Assembly Synthesis of Uniform CdS Spherical Nanoparticles‐Au Nanoparticles Hybrids with Enhanced Photoactivity
Authors: Han Sancan , Hu Linfeng , Gao Nan , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed A. , Fang Xiaosheng
Published: March 2014

The treatment of environmental pollution has become one of the most critical issues in the world. Despite the progress made in the study of semiconductor photocatalysis, it is still a challenge to obtain photocatalysts with high activity through relatively simple fabrication processes. In this work, monodisperse CdS spherical nanoparticles (SNPs) of various sizes and good crystallinity are obtained by only adjusting the starting ratio of reactants and the reaction temperature, exhibiting high photocatalytic performances. The photocatalytic rate constant of the ≈ 100 nm CdS SNPs, especially, is more than double that of P25. Furthermore, 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane is used to assist the interaction between ≈ 200 nm CdS SNPs and citrate‐stabilized Au nanoparticles (NPs). The significant increase of photocatalytic activity is confirmed by the degradation of Rodamine B (RhB) under Xe light irradiation. At the optimal Au concentration (0.5 wt%), the prepared nanohybrids show the highest photocatalytic activity, exceeding that of pure CdS two times. The superior photocatalytic performances of the CdS SNPs‐Au nanohybrids can be attributed to the intimate interfacial contact between CdS SNPs and Au NPs, which is a contributing factor to the improvement of transfer and the fate of photogenerated charge carriers from CdS SNPs to Au NPs.
Rheological evaluation of kinetic hydrate inhibitors in NaCl/n‐heptane solutions
Authors: Sharifi Hassan , Hatzikiriakos Savvas G. , Englezos Peter
Published: March 2014

The performance of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinylcaprolactam (PVCap) as kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) in the presence of NaCl and n‐heptane was evaluated by using a high‐pressure cell in conjunction with a rotational rheometer. The addition of KHIs was found to prolong the induction time and decrease the hydrate growth. On the other hand, hydrates agglomerated more readily. PVP performed more efficiently than PVCap in delaying nucleation time but PVCap controlled the growth and delayed agglomeration more effectively. Addition of n‐heptane to the system increased induction time and reduced growth. Unexpectedly, addition of KHIs in the presence of n‐heptane decreased nucleation time but controlled growth effectively. Meanwhile, hydrate particles remained dispersed more efficiently and no agglomeration was detected. These observations confirm that high‐pressure rheology is an additional laboratory assessment tool to evaluate KHIs under ocean field conditions. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 60: 2654–2659, 2014
Early origins of health disparities: Material deprivation predicts maternal evening cortisol in pregnancy and offspring cortisol reactivity in the first few weeks of life
Authors: Thayer Zaneta M. , Kuzawa Christopher W.
Published: March 2014

Objectives

Maternal hypothalamic pituitary adrenal‐axis function regulates production of the stress hormone cortisol, which during pregnancy can cross the placenta and have lasting impacts on fetal growth and development. This article provides a preliminary test of the hypothesis that a woman's socioeconomic status (SES) predicts her cortisol during pregnancy and her offspring's cortisol during the early postnatal period among an ethnically diverse sample in Auckland, New Zealand to evaluate whether differences in cortisol contribute to the intergenerational inheritance of health disparities within this population.

Methods

Maternal saliva samples were collected at waking and prior to sleep on 2 days in late pregnancy (34–36 weeks gestation; N = 55), and a subset of offspring saliva was collected before (N = 48) and 20 min after a standard vaccination at 6 weeks of age (N = 19). SES was quantified using a locally validated index of material deprivation, the NZ Deprivation Index for individuals (NZiDep).

Results

We found that, after controlling for ethnicity and other covariates, women with higher NZiDep scores had significantly higher evening but similar morning cortisol, consistent with a pattern of chronic strain. Infants of women reporting greater material deprivation had elevated cortisol response to vaccination.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that maternal SES experience impacts maternal cortisol in pregnancy and offspring cortisol reactivity soon after birth, with potential long‐term effects on offspring biology and health. Additional research is needed to clarify how biological and behavioral factors in both the prenatal and postnatal period facilitate this relationship. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:723–730, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microbial mediated dimerization of fattyacids of sunflower oil: An effective role of lipase and biosurfactant
Authors: Kavitha Varadharajan , Mandal Asit Baran , Gnanamani Arumugam
Published: March 2014

This study emphasizes microbial mediated transformation of sunflower oil to an adhesive product and characterization in detail. Marine bacterial isolates Bacillus (MTCC 5514), when grown in mineral medium, releases both hydrolytic enzymes and surface‐active components during the log phase of growth. When this species was grown in the presence of sunflower oil at an optimized concentration of 5% (w/v) under room temperature, enzymatic hydrolysis of oil proceeds with the release of fatty acids and glycerol. Further, on increasing the incubation period, the presence of surface‐active components, lipase and glycerol, influence the dimerization of the fatty acids, which further, transformed to a polymerized product sunflower oil‐based adhesive product with adhesive nature. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (electrospray ionization) analysis further authenticates the presence of dimeracids. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40555.
Polymer‐coated nanoparticles for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: ShamsiJazeyi Hadi , Miller Clarence A. , Wong Michael S. , Tour James M. , Verduzco Rafael
Published: March 2014

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes aim to recover trapped oil left in reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery methods. New materials and additives are needed to make EOR economical in challenging reservoirs or harsh environments. Nanoparticles have been widely studied for EOR, but nanoparticles with polymer chains grafted to the surface—known as polymer‐coated nanoparticles (PNPs)—are an emerging class of materials that may be superior to nanoparticles for EOR due to improved solubility and stability, greater stabilization of foams and emulsions, and more facile transport through porous media. Here, we review prior research, current challenges, and future research opportunities in the application of PNPs for EOR. We focus on studies of PNPs for improving mobility control, altering surface wettability, and for investigating their transport through porous media. For each case, we highlight both fundamental studies of PNP behavior and more applied studies of their use in EOR processes. We also touch on a related class of materials comprised of surfactant and nanoparticle blends. Finally, we briefly outline the major challenges in the field, which must be addressed to successfully implement PNPs in EOR applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40576.
Effect of hydration layer on the structure of thermo‐sensitive nanocapsules
Authors: Xu Xianbo , Shan Guorong , Shang Yue , Pan Pengju
Published: March 2014

A thermo‐sensitive nanocapsule, containing the hydration layer, was synthesized through introducing N‐isopropylacrylamide into the system of styrene miniemulsion polymerization and hexadecane as liquid template. The properties and content of the water in the hydration layer were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. With dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope, the effects of temperature and solvent on the particle size and morphologies were studied. The results showed that the increase of temperature and the ethanol–water mixed solvent could decrease the thickness of hydration layer and caused the polymer chain in the shell coil‐to‐globule transition, which switched on the pathway to loading and releasing substances in the nanocapsules. By using UV‐visible spectroscopy to monitor the tracer, the diffusion coefficients were determined and verified the switching process above. In addition, the ethanol–water molecule cluster can form a stable associative structure around ethanol mole fraction of 0.4, and destroyed the hydration of the hydrophilic group. The solvent interactions were proved to be the main driving force for the coil‐to‐globule transition of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide). Moreover, an appropriate latex particle size should exclude the hydration layer but stable dispersed in the solvent was suggested. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40589.
Influence of PP fiber and SBR latex on the mechanical properties of crumb rubber mortar
Authors: Xu Fang , Chen Jianping , Ruan Shaoqin , Zhou Mingkai
Published: March 2014

This article presents a new kind of rubber mortar modified by polypropylene fiber (PP fiber) and styrene‐butadiene rubber latex (SBR latex). The mechanical properties of this crumb rubber mortar were investigated in the research, including the compressive strength, flexural strength, flexural toughness, and flexural elasticity modulus. The test results showed that the flexural toughness index of the rubber mortar was seen to enhance by about 50–100% with the addition of PP fiber and SBR polymer latex. Due to the addition of PP fiber and SBR latex, the flexural elastic modulus of rubber mortar could further reduce by 4–27%. The three‐phase composite dispersion model of this rubber mortar was put forward. Furthermore, it was observed from scanning electron micrograph that the interfacial transition zone between the rubber particles and cement paste was enhanced by the SBR latex, and the interleaving of polymer films and rubber particles strengthen the flexibility and toughness of the mortar. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40591.
Controllable reinforcement of stiffness and toughness of polypropylene via thermally induced self‐assembly of β‐nucleating agent
Authors: Li Yijun , Wen Xinyu , Nie Min , Wang Qi
Published: March 2014

An easy approach was reported to achieve the simultaneous reinforcement and toughening of polypropylene (PP) via thermally induced self‐assembly of β‐nucleating agent (TMB‐5). The results showed that the processing temperatures dictated the solubility and self‐assembly of TMB‐5 in the polymer melts to determine the subsequent morphology development of PP. At low processing temperature, TMB‐5 did not dissolve into the polymer melt but remained original shape to induce PP to crystallize into spherulites so that it only promoted the formation of β‐form crystals to enhance the toughness of the samples. At high processing temperature, TMB‐5 gradually dissolved into the polymer melts. On cooling, the dissolved nucleating agent self‐assembled into high aspect ratio fibrils through intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions. Due to a favorable matching between PP and TMB‐5, PP preferred to nucleate and grow orthogonally to the fibril axis and into oriented hybrid shish‐kebab morphology with rich β‐form crystals. Compared with isotropic spherulites, the anisotropic structure exhibited excellent properties of the β‐form crystal and shish‐kebab morphology to simultaneously improve the strength and toughness of TMB‐5‐modified PP samples. With the increasing processing temperature, more dissolved TMB‐5 was involved in the self‐assembly procedure to generate longer fibrils and induce more lamellae to grow on the surface. As a consequence, the anisotropy of the PP samples increased further, bringing out more improvements of the tensile strength. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40605.
Tuning the Electronic Properties in Ruthenium–Quinone Complexes through Metal Coordination and Substitution at the Bridge
Authors: Das Hari Sankar , Schweinfurth David , Fiedler Jan , Khusniyarov Marat M. , Mobin Shaikh. M. , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: March 2014

A rare example of a mononuclear complex [(bpy)2Ru(L1−H)](ClO4), 1(ClO4) and dinuclear complexes [(bpy)2Ru(μ‐L1−2H)Ru(bpy)2](ClO4)2, 2(ClO4)2, [(bpy)2Ru(μ‐L2−2H)Ru(bpy)2](ClO4)2, 3(ClO4)2, and [(bpy)2Ru(μ‐L3−2H)Ru(bpy)2](ClO4)2, 4(ClO4)2 (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, L1=2,5‐di‐(isopropyl‐amino)‐1,4‐benzoquinone, L2=2,5‐di‐(benzyl‐amino)‐1,4‐benzoquinone, and L3=2,5‐di‐[2,4,6‐(trimethyl)‐anilino]‐1,4‐benzoquinone) with the symmetrically substituted p‐quinone ligands, L, are reported. Bond‐length analysis within the potentially bridging ligands in both the mono‐ and dinuclear complexes shows a localization of bonds, and binding to the metal centers through a phenolate‐type “O−” and an immine/imminium‐type neutral “N” donor. For the mononuclear complex 1(ClO4), this facilitates strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding and leads to the imminium‐type character of the noncoordinated nitrogen atom. The dinuclear complexes display two oxidation and several reduction steps in acetonitrile solutions. In contrast, the mononuclear complex 1+ exhibits just one oxidation and several reduction steps. The redox processes of 11+ are strongly dependent on the solvent. The one‐electron oxidized forms 23+, 33+, and 43+ of the dinuclear complexes exhibit strong absorptions in the NIR region. Weak NIR absorption bands are observed for the one‐electron reduced forms of all complexes. A combination of structural data, electrochemistry, UV/Vis/NIR/EPR spectroelectrochemistry, and DFT calculations is used to elucidate the electronic structures of the complexes. Our DFT results indicate that the electronic natures of the various redox states of the complexes in vacuum differ greatly from those in a solvent continuum. We show here the tuning possibilities that arise upon substituting [O] for the isoelectronic [NR] groups in such quinone ligands.
The Energy Landscape of Uranyl–Peroxide Species
Authors: Tiferet Eitan , Gil Adrià , Bo Carles , Shvareva Tatiana Y. , Nyman May , Navrotsky Alexandra
Published: March 2014

Nanoscale uranyl peroxide clusters containing UO22+ groups bonded through peroxide bridges to form polynuclear molecular species (polyoxometalates) exist both in solution and in the solid state. There is an extensive family of clusters containing 28 uranium atoms (U28 clusters), with an encapsulated anion in the center, for example, [UO2(O2)3−x(OH)x4−], [Nb(O2)43−], or [Ta(O2)43−]. The negative charge of these clusters is balanced by alkali ions, both encapsulated, and located exterior to the cluster. The present study reports measurement of enthalpy of formation for two such U28 compounds, one of which is uranyl centered and the other is peroxotantalate centered. The [(Ta(O2)4]‐centered U28 capsule is energetically more stable than the [(UO2)(O2)3]‐centered capsule. These data, along with our prior studies on other uranyl–peroxide solids, are used to explore the energy landscape and define thermochemical trends in alkali–uranyl–peroxide systems. It was suggested that the energetic role of charge‐balancing alkali ions and their electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged uranyl–peroxide species is the dominant factor in defining energetic stability. These experimental data were supported by DFT calculations, which agree that the [(Ta(O2)4]‐centered U28 capsule is more stable than the uranyl‐centered capsule. Moreover, the relative stability is controlled by the interactions of the encapsulated alkalis with the encapsulated anion. Thus, the role of alkali‐anion interactions was shown to be important at all length scales of uranyl–peroxide species: in both comparing clusters to clusters; and clusters to monomers or extended solids.
ChemInform Abstract: Rietveld Refinement and Dielectric Relaxation of a New Rare Earth Based Double Perovskite Oxide: BaPrCoNbO6.
Authors: Bharti Chandrahas , Das Mrinmoy K. , Sen A. , Chandra Sadhan , Sinha T. P.
Published: March 2014

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of BaCO3, Pr2O3, CoO, and Nb2O5 (1300 °C for 10 h and 1350 °C for 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Bi‐Based Iodate Photocatalysts with High Photocatalytic Activity.
Authors: Huang Hongwei , He Ying , He Ran , Jiang Xingxing , Lin Zheshuai , Zhang Yihe , Wang Shichao
Published: March 2014

The compounds BiIO4 (I) and Bi(IO3)3 (II) are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of stoichiometric quantities of Bi(NO3)3 and I2O5 (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Properties of the Oxychalcogenide Series A4O4TiSe4 (A: Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Y).
Authors: Tuxworth A. J. , Evans J. S. O.
Published: March 2014

Polycrystalline samples of Ln4O4TiSe4 (Ln: Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Y) are prepared by solid state reactions of Ln2O3, TiSe2, and Se (alumina crucible, 900 °C, 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of ASnF3 (A: Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+).
Authors: Tran T. Thao , Halasyamani P. Shiv
Published: March 2014

Crystals of ASnF3 are solvothermally synthesized from mixtures of SnF2, MF (M: Na, K, Rb, Cs), and MeOH (autoclave, 150 °C, 24 h; 50, 60, 70, and 60% yield for the Na, K, Rb, and Cs compound, resp.).
ChemInform Abstract: LiPbSb3S6: A Semiconducting Sulfosalt with Very Low Thermal Conductivity.
Authors: Agha Eva C. , Malliakas Christos D. , Im Jino , Jin Hosub , Zhao Li‐Dong , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: March 2014

LiPbSb3S6 is prepared by stoichiometric solid state reaction of Li2S, Pb, Sb, and S (evacuated carbon‐coated silica ampule, 800 °C, 2 h, quenching; 98% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Supported on Zinc Ferrite: An Efficient Catalyst for Ligand Free C—C and C—O Cross Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Singh Abhilash S. , Shendage Suresh S. , Nagarkar Jayashree M.
Published: March 2014

The title catalyst is successfully employed for Sonogashira cross coupling, Heck—Matsuda coupling, cyanation with K4Fe(CN)6, and Ullmann type cross coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: On DABAL‐Me3 Promoted Formation of Amides.
Authors: Dubois Nathalie , Glynn Daniel , McInally Thomas , Rhodes Barrie , Woodward Simon , Irvine Derek J. , Dodds Chris
Published: March 2014

Range and utility of couplings of methyl esters and free carboxylic acids with primary and secondary amines in the presence of DABAL‐Me3, an adduct of trimethylaluminum and DABCO, are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystalline Titania‐Based Sulfonic Acid (TiO2—Pr—SO3H) as a New, Highly Efficient and Recyclable Solid Acid Catalyst for the N‐Boc Protection of Amines at Room Temperature.
Authors: Atghia S. V. , Beigbaghlou S. Sarvi
Published: March 2014

A simple protocol employing the title catalyst allows the N‐Boc protection of primary and secondary amines in short reaction times with excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Allylic Amination of Olefins for the Synthesis of ent‐Sitagliptin.
Authors: Bao Hongli , Bayeh Liela , Tambar Uttam K.
Published: March 2014

A two‐step ene‐reaction/[2,3]‐rearrangement for the enantioselective allylic amination of nonactivated olefins is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel p‐Terphenyl Derivative Inducing Cell‐Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐435 Cells Through Topoisomerase Inhibition.
Authors: Qiu Jin , Zhao Baobing , Shen Yan , Chen Wang , Ma Yudao , Shen Yuemao
Published: March 2014

Terphenyl derivatives (III) and (IV) and 10 other OH‐ and OMe‐substituted derivatives are prepared, and their in vitro anticancer activities are evaluated.
ChemInform Abstract: NaH Mediated Isomerization—Allylation Reaction of 1,3‐Substituted Propenols
Authors: Johnston Adam J. S. , McLaughlin Mark G. , Reid Jolene P. , Cook Matthew J.
Published: March 2014

leading to allylated ketones
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Iron(II)‐Catalyzed Opening Reaction of Aromatic meso‐Epoxides with Indoles.
Authors: Plancq Baptiste , Lafantaisie Mathieu , Companys Simon , Maroun Cendrella , Ollevier Thierry
Published: March 2014

Unprecedented high enantioselectivities are obtained in the ring opening of cis‐stilbene oxide (II) with indoles (I) using iron perchlorate and a chiral bipyridine ligand as catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Benzylation of Azlactones.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Czabaniuk Lara C.
Published: March 2014

The asymmetric Pd‐catalyzed benzylation of prochiral azlactones with a variety of benzylic‐type compounds such as carbonates (I) and (IV) or phosphates such as (VI) and (VIII) by using enantiopure bis(diphenylphosphinobenzoyl)diamines as ligands is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclization of 4‐Alkyl(aryl)‐2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dicyano‐4H‐thiopyrans with 2‐Aminoethanol and (2‐Furyl)methylamine.
Authors: Dyachenko V. D. , Rylskaya T. A.
Published: March 2014

Title reaction leading to pyridines (III) occurs through C—S cleavage, nucleophilic attack by amines (II), heterocyclization, and oxidative dehydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation and Double Directing Group Strategy for the Synthesis of Naphthyridinones.
Authors: Huckins John R. , Becot Eric A. , Thiel Oliver R. , Hwang Tsang‐Lin , Bio Matthew M.
Published: March 2014

The approach uses a double activation and directing properties of nicotinamide N‐oxides as substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Grignard Addition/Aromatic Aza‐Cope Rearrangement Route to the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Huq C. A. M. A. , Raj A. R. Naresh
Published: March 2014

The first example for a one‐pot synthesis of functionalized dihydropyrroloisoquinoline derivatives (III) via a tandem Grignard addition/aromatic aza‐Cope rearrangement of arylmagnesium bromides and N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, Docking Study and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Tetrahydrochromeno [3′,4′:5,6]Pyrano[2,3‐b]quinolin‐6(7H)‐one Derivatives Against Acetyl‐ and Butyrylcholinesterase.
Authors: Khoobi Mehdi , Alipour Masoumeh , Moradi Alireza , Sakhteman Amirhossein , Nadri Hamid , Razavi Seyyede Faeze , Ghandi Mehdi , Foroumadi Alireza , Shafiee Abbas
Published: March 2014

18 Title compounds of type (III) are prepared and evaluated for their AChE and BuChE inhibitory activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrazones Derived from Thiooxamohydrazides and 3‐Formyl‐4‐hydroxycoumarin: Synthesis, Structures, and Fragmentation.
Authors: Milevsky B. G. , Solov'eva N. P. , Chibisova T. A. , Yarovenko V. N. , Zayakin E. S. , Chernyshev V. V. , Krayushkin M. M. , Traven V. F.
Published: March 2014

Seven hydrazones of type (III) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: 4,4‐Dimethyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐thiasiline — The First Cyclic Organosilicon Vinyl Sulfide.
Authors: Suslova Elena N. , Shainyan Bagrat A.
Published: March 2014

The title compound (II) is obtained by Pummerer rearrangement of the corresponding sulfoxide (I) along with the hydrolysis by‐product (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Phosphole Derivatives from Triarylphosphines Through Cleavage of Carbon—Hydrogen and Carbon—Phosphorus Bonds.
Authors: Baba Katsuaki , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto
Published: March 2014

A new palladium‐catalyzed method to prepare phosphole skeletons directly from triarylphosphines through C—H and C—P bond cleavage is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Actinoranone, a Cytotoxic Meroterpenoid of Unprecedented Structure from a Marine Adapted Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Nam Sang‐Jip , Kauffman Christopher A. , Paul Lauren A. , Jensen Paul R. , Fenical William
Published: March 2014

Actinoranone (I) exhibits cytotoxicity against HCT‐116 human colon cancer cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Making Sense of the Mayhem Behind Shape Control in the Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Personick Michelle L. , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: March 2014

Review: discussion of mechanisms controlling the shape of Au nanoparticles in terms of three basic parameters: metal complex reduction potential metal ion availability, and adsorbate binding strength; 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards the Rational Design of Efficient Organic Structure‐Directing Agents for Zeolite Synthesis
Authors: Moliner Manuel , Rey Fernando , Corma Avelino
Published: March 2014

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical‐Looping Combustion of Solid Fuels ‐ Design and Operation of a 100 KW Unit with Bituminous Coal
Authors: Markstroem Pontus , Linderholm Carl , Lyngfelt Anders
Published: March 2014

Review: 29 refs.
Comprehensive, open‐source resource usage measurement and analysis for HPC systems
Authors: Browne James C. , DeLeon Robert L. , Patra Abani K. , Barth William L. , Hammond John , Jones Matthew D. , Furlani Thomas R. , Schneider Barry I. , Gallo Steven M. , Ghadersohi Amin , Gentner Ryan J. , Palmer Jeffrey T. , Simakov Nikolay , Innus Martins , Bruno Andrew E. , White Joseph P. , Cornelius Cynthia D. , Yearke Thomas , Marcus Kyle , von Laszewski Gregor , Wang Fugang
Published: March 2014

The important role high‐performance computing (HPC) resources play in science and engineering research, coupled with its high cost (capital, power and manpower), short life and oversubscription, requires us to optimize its usage – an outcome that is only possible if adequate analytical data are collected and used to drive systems management at different granularities – job, application, user and system. This paper presents a method for comprehensive job, application and system‐level resource use measurement, and analysis and its implementation. The steps in the method are system‐wide collection of comprehensive resource use and performance statistics at the job and node levels in a uniform format across all resources, mapping and storage of the resultant job‐wise data to a relational database, which enables further implementation and transformation of the data to the formats required by specific statistical and analytical algorithms. Analyses can be carried out at different levels of granularity: job, user, application or system‐wide. Measurements are based on a new lightweight job‐centric measurement tool ‘TACC_Stats’, which gathers a comprehensive set of resource use metrics on all compute nodes and data logged by the system scheduler. The data mapping and analysis tools are an extension of the XDMoD project. The method is illustrated with analyses of resource use for the Texas Advanced Computing Center's Lonestar4, Ranger and Stampede supercomputers and the HPC cluster at the Center for Computational Research. The illustrations are focused on resource use at the system, job and application levels and reveal many interesting insights into system usage patterns and also anomalous behavior due to failure/misuse. The method can be applied to any system that runs the TACC_Stats measurement tool and a tool to extract job execution environment data from the system scheduler. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A logic‐mathematical point of view of the truth: Reality, perception, and language
Authors: Nescolarde‐Selva Josué Antonio , Usó‐Doménech Josep‐Lluis , Gash Hugh
Published: March 2014

In this article, the authors propose a theory of the truth value of propositions from a logic‐mathematical point of view. The work that the authors present is an attempt to address this question from an epistemological, linguistic, and logical‐mathematical point of view. What is it to exist and how do we define existence? The main objective of this work is an approach to the first of these questions. We leave a more thorough treatment of the problem of existence for future works. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 20: 58–67, 2015
Low‐dose γ‐radiation inhibits IL‐1β‐induced dedifferentiation and inflammation of articular chondrocytes via blockage of catenin signaling
Authors: Hong Eun‐Hee , Song Jie‐Young , Lee Su‐Jae , Park In‐Chul , Um Hong‐Duck , Park Jong Kuk , Lee Kee‐Ho , Nam Seon Young , Hwang Sang‐Gu
Published: March 2014

Although low‐dose radiation (LDR) regulates a wide range of biological processes, limited information is available on the effects of LDR on the chondrocyte phenotype. Here, we found that LDR, at doses of 0.5–2 centiGray (cGy), inhibited interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced chondrocyte destruction without causing side effects, such as cell death and senescence. IL‐1β treatment induced an increase in the expression of α‐, β‐, and γ‐catenin proteins in chondrocytes via Akt signaling, thereby promoting dedifferentiation through catenin‐dependent suppression of Sox‐9 transcription factor expression and induction of inflammation through activation of the NF‐κB pathway. Notably, LDR blocked cartilage disorders by inhibiting IL‐1β‐induced catenin signaling and subsequent catenin‐dependent suppression of the Sox‐9 pathway and activation of the NF‐κB pathway, without directly altering catenin expression. LDR also inhibited chondrocyte destruction through the catenin pathway induced by epidermal growth factor, phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, and retinoic acid. Collectively, these results identify the molecular mechanisms by which LDR suppresses pathophysiological processes and establish LDR as a potentially valuable therapeutic tool for patients with cytokine‐ or soluble factors‐mediated cartilage disorders. © 2014 The Authors IUBMB Life published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 66(2):128–137, 2014
Optimization of the reference region method for dual pharmacokinetic modeling using Gd‐DTPA/MRI and 18F‐FDG/PET
Authors: Poulin Éric , Lebel Réjean , Croteau Étienne , Blanchette Marie , Tremblay Luc , Lecomte Roger , Bentourkia M'hamed , Lepage Martin
Published: March 2014

Purpose

The combination of MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) offers new possibilities for the development of novel methodologies. In pharmacokinetic image analysis, the blood concentration of the imaging compound as a function of time, [i.e., the arterial input function (AIF)] is required for MRI and PET. In this study, we tested whether an AIF extracted from a reference region (RR) in MRI can be used as a surrogate for the manually sampled 18F‐FDG AIF for pharmacokinetic modeling.

Methods

An MRI contrast agent, gadolinium‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) and a radiotracer, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG), were simultaneously injected in a F98 glioblastoma rat model. A correction to the RR AIF for Gd‐DTPA is proposed to adequately represent the manually sampled AIF. A previously published conversion method was applied to convert this AIF into a 18F‐FDG AIF.

Results

The tumor metabolic rate of glucose (TMRGlc) calculated with the manually sampled 18F‐FDG AIF, the 18F‐FDG AIF converted from the RR AIF and the 18F‐FDG AIF converted from the corrected RR AIF were found not statistically different (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

An AIF derived from an RR in MRI can be accurately converted into a 18F‐FDG AIF and used in PET pharmacokinetic modeling. Magn Reson Med 73:740–748, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altered RIG‐I/DDX58‐mediated innate immunity in dermatomyositis
Authors: Suárez‐Calvet Xavier , Gallardo Eduard , Nogales‐Gadea Gisela , Querol Luis , Navas Miquel , Díaz‐Manera Jordi , Rojas‐Garcia Ricard , Illa Isabel
Published: March 2014

We investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of three inflammatory myopathies, dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM). We performed microarray experiments† using microdissected pathological muscle fibres from 15 patients with these disorders and five controls. Differentially expressed candidate genes were validated by immunohistochemistry on muscle biopsies, and the altered pathways were analysed in human myotube cultures. Up‐regulation of genes involved in viral and nucleic acid recognition were found in the three myopathies but not in controls. In DM, retinoic acid‐inducible gene 1 (RIG‐I, DDX58) and the novel antiviral factor DDX60, which promotes RIG‐I‐mediated signalling, were significantly up‐regulated, followed by IFIH1 (MDA5) and TLR3. Immunohistochemistry confirmed over‐expression of RIG‐I in pathological muscle fibres in 5/5 DM, 0/5 PM and 0/5 IBM patients, and in 0/5 controls. Stimulation of human myotubes with a ligand of RIG‐I produced a significant secretion of interferon‐β (IFNβ; p < 0.05) and up‐regulation of class I MHC, RIG‐I and TLR3 (p < 0.05) by IFNβ‐dependent and TLR3‐independent mechanisms. RIG‐I‐mediated innate immunity, triggered by a viral or damage signal, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of DM, but not in that of PM or IBM. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
MiR‐506 suppresses proliferation and induces senescence by directly targeting the CDK4/6–FOXM1 axis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Guoyan , Sun Yan , Ji Ping , Li Xia , Cogdell David , Yang Da , Parker Kerrigan Brittany C , Shmulevich Ilya , Chen Kexin , Sood Anil K , Xue Fengxia , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2014

Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. Better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease and effective targeted therapies are needed to improve patient outcomes. MicroRNAs play important roles in cancer progression and have the potential for use as either therapeutic agents or targets. Studies in other cancers have suggested that miR‐506 has anti‐tumour activity, but its function has yet to be elucidated. We found that deregulation of miR‐506 in ovarian carcinoma promotes an aggressive phenotype. Ectopic over‐expression of miR‐506 in ovarian cancer cells was sufficient to inhibit proliferation and to promote senescence. We also demonstrated that CDK4 and CDK6 are direct targets of miR‐506, and that miR‐506 can inhibit CDK4/6–FOXM1 signalling, which is activated in the majority of serous ovarian carcinomas. This newly recognized miR‐506–CDK4/6–FOXM1 axis provides further insight into the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma and identifies a potential novel therapeutic agent. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Outpatient versus inpatient IV antibiotic management for pediatric oncology patients with low risk febrile neutropenia: A randomised trial
Authors: Orme Lisa M. , Babl Franz E. , Barnes Chris , Barnett Peter , Donath Susan , Ashley David M.
Published: March 2014

Background

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequent, serious complication of intensive pediatric chemotherapy regimens. The aim of this trial was to compare quality of life (QOL) between inpatient and outpatient intravenous antibiotic management of children and adolescents with low risk febrile neutropenia (LRFN).

Procedure

In this randomised non‐blinded trial, patients between 1 and 21 years old, receiving low/moderate intensity chemotherapy were pre‐consented and, on presentation to emergency (ED) with FN satisfying low risk criteria, randomised to either outpatient or inpatient care with intravenous cefepime 50 mg/kg (12 hourly). All patients continued antibiotics for at least 48 hours, until afebrile for 24 hours and demonstrating a rising absolute neutrophil count ≥200/mm3. Several domains of QOL were examined by daily questionnaire.

Results

Eighty‐one patients presented to ED with 159 episodes of fever. Thirty‐seven FN presentations involving 27 patients were randomised to inpatient (18) and outpatient (19) management. Combined QOL mean scores for parents were higher for the outpatient group and scores for three specific parent variables (keeping up with household tasks/time spent with partner/time spent with other children) were higher among outpatients. There was no difference in parent confidence/satisfaction in care between groups. Patients scored better in the outpatient group overall and for sleep and appetite. The mean length of fever was equivalent between groups and there were no serious adverse events attributable to cefepime or outpatient care.

Conclusion

Outpatient cefepime management of LRFN provided significant benefit to parents and patients across several QOL domains and appeared both feasible and safe. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1427–1433. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in protein expression in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles: an iTRAQ proteomic approach
Authors: Juang Yu‐Min , Lai Ben‐Heng , Chien Han‐Ju , Ho Meng , Cheng Tsun‐Jen , Lai Chien‐Chen
Published: March 2014

RATIONALE

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in consumer products and various biomedical fields. As a result, humans are frequently exposed to these NPs. However, there is a lack of information about the proteins that are expressed in the airway in response to exposure to ZnO NPs.

METHODS

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats that had been exposed to high‐dose 35 nm ZnO NPs (N = 6) and filtered air (N = 4) was collected and then labeled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). The differentially expressed proteins were identified by two‐dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (2D‐LC/MS/MS) and further classified by Gene Ontology (GO) annotation.

RESULTS

A total of 46 proteins displayed significant changes after exposure. GO annotation of these differentially expressed proteins indicated that exposure to ZnO NPs mainly affected immune and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, S100A8 and S100A9, candidate markers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer, were significantly up‐regulated (2.78‐ and 2.87‐fold, respectively) following exposure.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data are consistent with recent study results that exposure to ZnO NPs induces lung inflammation. These data contribute to a better understanding of how exposure to ZnO NPs leads to lung damage through the functional classification of these proteins. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Ownership on Hospital Efficiency in Germany
Authors: Tiemann Oliver , Schreyögg Jonas
Published: March 2014

The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficiency of public, private for-profit, and private non-profit hospitals in Germany. First, bootstrapped data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to evaluate the efficiency of a panel (n = 1,046) of public, private for-profit, and private non-profit hospitals between 2002 and 2006. This was followed by a second-step truncated linear regression model with bootstrapped DEA efficiency scores as dependent variable. The results show that public hospitals performed significantly better than their private for-profit and non-profit counterparts. In addition, we found a significant positive association between hospital size and efficiency, and that competitive pressure had a significant negative impact on hospital efficiency.
VHB-JOURQUAL2: Method, Results, and Implications of the German Academic Association for Business Research’s Journal Ranking
Authors: Schrader Ulf , Hennig-Thurau Thorsten
Published: March 2014

VHB-JOURQUAL represents the official journal ranking of the German Academic Association for Business Research. Since its introduction in 2003, the ranking has become the most influential journal evaluation approach in German-speaking countries, impacting several key managerial decisions of German, Austrian, and Swiss business schools. This article reports the methodological approach of the ranking’s second edition. It also presents the main results and additional analyses on the validity of the rating and the underlying decision processes of the respondents. Selected implications for researchers and higher-education institutions are discussed.
Path Constitution Analysis: A Methodology for Understanding Path Dependence and Path Creation
Authors: Sydow Jörg , Windeler Arnold , Müller-Seitz Gordon , Lange Knut
Published: March 2014

Although an increasing number of studies of technological, institutional and organizational change refer to the concepts of path dependence and path creation, few attempts have been made to consider these concepts explicitly in their methodological accounts. This paper addresses this gap and contributes to the literature by developing a comprehensive methodology that originates from the concepts of path dependence and path creation — path constitution analysis (PCA) — and allows for the integration of multi-actor constellations on multiple levels of analysis within a process perspective. Based upon a longitudinal case study in the field of semiconductors, we illustrate PCA ‘in action’ as a template for other researchers and critically examine its adequacy. We conclude with implications for further path-oriented inquiries.
On Transport Service Selection in Intermodal Rail/Road Distribution Networks
Authors: Bierwirth Christian , Kirschstein Thomas , Meisel Frank
Published: March 2014

Intermodal rail/road freight transport constitutes an alternative to long-haul road transport for the distribution of large volumes of goods. The paper introduces the intermodal transportation problem for the tactical planning of mode and service selection. In rail mode, shippers either book train capacity on a per-unit basis or charter block trains completely. Road mode is used for short-distance haulage to intermodal terminals and for direct shipments to customers. We analyze the competition of road and intermodal transportation with regard to freight consolidation and service cost on a model basis. The approach is applied to a distribution system of an industrial company serving customers in eastern Europe. The case study investigates the impact of transport cost and consolidation on the optimal modal split.