bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Blood Electrolytes and Hypertension in College Students
Authors: Cui Shu-Xian , Wang Hao , Ji Xiao-Yi , Wang Xin-Yu , Li Ya-Ru , Zhang Chun-Li , Zhao Hai-Ying
Published: September 2022

Background

To analyze the correlation between plasma sodium, potassium, calcium, and blood pressure (BP) levels in college students.

Methods

Students from 3 universities in Zhengzhou were randomly selected and cluster-sampled for BP survey. According to the “Chinese guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension (revised in 2018),” the students were divided into 3 groups: normal BP, high normal BP, and hypertension group. Eighty-three, 101, and 102 cases were selected respectively by stratified sampling using R language from each group. After fasting for 12 hours, fasting venous blood was collected. The plasma electrolytes and biochemical parameters were determined.

Results

The blood calcium levels were higher in the hypertension group compared with normal BP and high normal BP groups (2.48 ± 0.11 vs. 2.36 ± 0.12 and 2.41 ± 0.26 mmol/l, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that systolic and diastolic BP were both positively correlated with blood sodium (rs = 0.139, P = 0.019, rs = 0.140, P = 0.018) and blood calcium (rs = 0.377, P < 0.001, rs = 0.301, P < 0.001) while negatively correlated with blood sodium to calcium ratio (r = −0.354, −0.264, both P < 0.001). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that both systolic and diastolic BP were positively correlated with body mass index (β = 0.304, P = 0.028 and β = 0.130, P = 0.032), blood sodium (β = 0.121, P = 0.013 and β = 0.124, P = 0.021), and blood calcium levels (β = 0.336, 0.273, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

College students with hypertension have higher blood calcium levels than nonhypertension students. Blood calcium levels are positively correlated with systolic and diastolic BP.
Importance of plaque volume and composition for the prediction of myocardial ischaemia using sequential coronary computed tomography angiography/positron emission tomography imaging
Authors: Wang Xu , van den Hoogen Inge J , Butcher Steele C , Kuneman Jurrien H , de Graaf Michiel A , Kamperidis Vasileios , Boukes Mark , Maaniitty Teemu , Schultz Jussi , van Rosendael Alexander R , Saraste Antti , Knuuti Juhani , Bax Jeroen J
Published: September 2022

Aims

Coronary atherosclerosis with a large necrotic core has been postulated to reduce the vasodilatory capacity of vascular tissue. In the present analysis, we explored whether total plaque volume and necrotic core volume on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) are independently associated with myocardial ischaemia on positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods and results

From a registry of symptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease and clinically indicated CCTA with sequential [15O]H2O PET myocardial perfusion imaging, we quantitatively measured diameter stenosis, total and compositional plaque volumes on CCTA. Primary endpoint was myocardial ischaemia on PET, defined as an absolute stress myocardial blood flow ≤2.4 mL/g/min in ≥1 segment. Multivariable prediction models for myocardial ischaemia were consecutively created using logistic regression analysis (stenosis model: diameter stenosis ≥50%; plaque volume model: +total plaque volume; plaque composition model: +necrotic core volume). A total of 493 patients (mean age 63 ± 8 years, 54% men) underwent sequential CCTA/PET imaging. In 153 (31%) patients, myocardial ischaemia was detected on PET. Diameter stenosis ≥50% (P < 0.001) and necrotic core volume (P = 0.029) were independently associated with myocardial ischaemia, while total plaque volume showed borderline significance (P = 0.052). The plaque composition model (χ2 = 169) provided incremental value for the prediction of ischaemia when compared with the stenosis model (χ2 = 138, P < 0.001) and plaque volume model (χ2 = 164, P = 0.021).

Conclusion

The volume of necrotic core on CCTA independently and incrementally predicts myocardial ischaemia on PET, beyond diameter stenosis alone.
Erg6p is essential for antifungal drug resistance, plasma membrane properties and cell wall integrity in Candida glabrata
Authors: Elias Daniel , Toth Hervay Nora , Jacko Juraj , Morvova Marcela , Valachovic Martin , Gbelska Yvetta
Published: September 2022

ERG6 gene encodes C-24 methyltransferase, one of the specific enzymes that differ in mammalian and yeast sterol biosynthesis. To explore the function of CgErg6p in the yeast pathogen Candida glabrata, we have constructed the Cgerg6Δ deletion mutant. We found that C. glabrata cells lacking CgErg6p exhibit reduced susceptibility to both antifungal azoles and polyenes. The reduced content of ergosterol in the Cgerg6 deletion mutant was accompanied by increased expression of genes encoding the last steps of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. The absence of CgErg6p leads to plasma membrane hyperpolarization and decrease in its fluidity compared to the parental C. glabrata strain. The absence of sterols containing C-24 alkyls influenced the susceptibility of Cgerg6Δ mutant cells to alkali metal cations and several other metabolic inhibitors. Our results thus show that sterols lacking C-24 alkyls are not sufficient substitutes for maintaining yeast plasma membrane function. The absence of CgErg6p influences also the cell wall integrity and calcineurin signaling in C. glabrata.
An SNN retrocopy insertion upstream ofGPR22is associated with dark red coat color in Poodles
Authors: Batcher Kevin , Varney Scarlett , Affolter Verena K , Friedenberg Steven G , Bannasch Danika
Published: September 2022

Pigment production and distribution is controlled through multiple genes, resulting in a wide range of coat color phenotypes in dogs. Dogs that produce only the pheomelanin pigment vary in intensity from white to deep red. The Poodle breed has a wide range of officially recognized coat colors, including the pheomelanin-based white, cream, apricot, and red coat colors, which are not fully explained by the previously identified genetic variants involved in pigment intensity. Here, a genome-wide association study for pheomelanin intensity was performed in Poodles which identified an association on canine chromosome 18. Whole-genome sequencing data revealed an SNN retrocopy insertion (SNNL1) in apricot and red Poodles within the associated region on chromosome 18. While equal numbers of melanocytes were observed in all Poodle skin hair bulbs, higher melanin content was observed in the darker Poodles. Several genes involved in melanogenesis were also identified as highly overexpressed in red Poodle skin. The most differentially expressed gene however was GPR22, which was highly expressed in red Poodle skin while unexpressed in white Poodle skin (log2 fold change in expression 6.1, P < 0.001). GPR22 is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor normally expressed exclusively in the brain and heart. The SNNL1 retrocopy inserted 2.8 kb upstream of GPR22 and is likely disrupting regulation of the gene, resulting in atypical expression in the skin. Thus, we identify the SNNL1 insertion as a candidate variant for the CFA18 pheomelanin intensity locus in red Poodles.
Bocardo SA v Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd [2010] UKSC 35, Supreme Court
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bocardo SA v Star Energy Weald Basin Ltd [2010] UKSC 35, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Elitestone v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Elitestone v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Jennings v Rice [2002] EWCA Civ 159, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Jennings v Rice [2002] EWCA Civ 159, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Walsh v Lonsdale (1882) 21 Ch D 9, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Walsh v Lonsdale (1882) 21 Ch D 9, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
R (on the application of Best) v Chief Land Registrar [2015] EWCA Civ 17, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of Best) v Chief Land Registrar [2015] EWCA Civ 17, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
JA Pye (Oxford) Ltd v Graham [2002] UKHL 30, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in JA Pye (Oxford) Ltd v Graham [2002] UKHL 30, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Baker v Craggs [2018] EWCA Civ 1126
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Baker v Craggs [2018] EWCA Civ 1126, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
MacLeod v Gold Harp Properties Ltd [2014] EWCA 1084, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in MacLeod v Gold Harp Properties Ltd [2014] EWCA 1084, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
William & Glynn’s Bank v Boland [1981] AC 487, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in William & Glynn’s Bank v Boland [1981] AC 487, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
National Provincial Bank v Ainsworth [1965] AC 1175, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in National Provincial Bank v Ainsworth [1965] AC 1175, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Aslan v Murphy (Nos 1 and 2); Duke v Wynne [1990] 1 WLR 766, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Aslan v Murphy (Nos 1 and 2); Duke v Wynne [1990] 1 WLR 766, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Bruton v London & Quadrant Housing Trust [1999] 1 AC 406, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bruton v London & Quadrant Housing Trust [1999] 1 AC 406, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Cuckmere Brick Co. Ltd v Mutual Finance Ltd [1971] Ch 949, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Cuckmere Brick Co. Ltd v Mutual Finance Ltd [1971] Ch 949, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Bagum v Hafiz [2015] EWCA Civ 801, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bagum v Hafiz [2015] EWCA Civ 801, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Re Citro [1991] Ch 142, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Citro [1991] Ch 142, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Regency Villas Title Ltd v Diamond Resorts (Europe) Ltd [2018] UKSC 57, Supreme Court
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Regency Villas Title Ltd v Diamond Resorts (Europe) Ltd [2018] UKSC 57. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Wood v Waddington [2015] EWCA Civ 538, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Wood v Waddington [2015] EWCA Civ 538, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Crest Nicholson Residential (South) Ltd v McAllister [2004] EWCA Civ 410, Court of Appeal
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Crest Nicholson Residential (South) Ltd v McAllister [2004] EWCA Civ 410, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Halsall v Brizell [1957] Ch 169, High Court (Chancery Division)
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Halsall v Brizell [1957] Ch 169, High Court (Chancery Division). The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Rhone v Stephens [1994] 2 AC 310, House of Lords
Authors: Nair Aruna
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Land Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Rhone v Stephens [1994] 2 AC 310, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Aruna Nair.
Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Robinson v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [2018] UKSC 4
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Robinson v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [2018] UKSC 4. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Hedley Byrne & Co. Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd [1964] AC 465
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Hedley Byrne & Co. Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd [1964] AC 465. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Nettleship v Weston [1971] 2 QB 691
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Nettleship v Weston [1971] 2 QB 691. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Bonnington Castings Ltd v Wardlaw [1956] AC 613
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bonnington Castings Ltd v Wardlaw [1956] AC 613. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Gregg v Scott [2005] 2 AC 176
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Gregg v Scott [2005] 2 AC 176. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Henderson v Dorset Healthcare University NHS Foundation [2020] UKSC 43
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Henderson v Dorset Healthcare University NHS Foundation Trust [2020] UKSC 43. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Collins v Wilcock [1984] 1 WLR 1172
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Collins v Wilcock [1984] 1 WLR 1172. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Tuberville v Savage (1669) 1 Mod Rep 3, 86 ER 684
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Tuberville v Savage (1669) 1 Mod Rep 3, 86 ER 684. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Murray v Ministry of Defence [1988] 1 WLR 692
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Murray v Ministry of Defence [1988] 1 WLR 692. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
R (Lumba) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012] 1 AC 245
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (Lumba) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012] 1 AC 245. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Hunter v Moss [1994] 1 WLR 452, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Hunter v Moss [1994] 1 WLR 452, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd [1995] 1 AC 74, Privy Council
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd [1995] 1 AC 74, Privy Council. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Pitt v Holt, Futter v Futter [2013] UKSC 26, Supreme Court
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Pitt v Holt, Futter v Futter [2013] UKSC 26, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Re Vandervell’s Trusts (No 2) [1974] Ch 269, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Vandervell’s Trusts (No 2) [1974] Ch 269, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Bank of Credit and Commerce International (Overseas) Ltd v Akindele [2001] Ch 437, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bank of Credit and Commerce International (Overseas) Ltd v Akindele [2001] Ch 437, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
AIB Group (UK) Plc v Mark Redler & Co Solicitors [2014] UKSC 58, Supreme Court
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in AIB Group (UK) Plc v Mark Redler & Co Solicitors [2014] UKSC 58, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Tang Man Sit v Capacious Investments [1996] AC 514, Privy Council
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Tang Man Sit v Capacious Investments [1996] AC 514, Privy Council. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Bristol and West Building Society v Mothew [1998] Ch 1, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bristol and West Building Society v Mothew [1998] Ch 1, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Federal Republic of Brazil v Durant International Corporation [2015] UKPC 35, Privy Council
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Federal Republic of Brazil v Durant International Corporation [2015] UKPC 35, Privy Council. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Barclays Bank Plc v O’Brien [1994] 1 AC 180, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Barclays Bank Plc v O’Brien [1994] 1 AC 180, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Argyll Stores (Holdings) Ltd [1998] AC 1, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Co-operative Insurance Society Ltd v Argyll Stores (Holdings) Ltd [1998] AC 1, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Patel v Mirza [2016] UKSC 42, Supreme Court
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Patel v Mirza [2016] UKSC 42, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
R v Cheshire [1991] 1 WLR 844, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Cheshire [1991] 1 WLR 844, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Clinton [2012] EWCA Crim 2, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Clinton [2012] EWCA Crim 2, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Kuddus [2019] EWCA Crim 837, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Kuddus [2019] EWCA Crim 837, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R (Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice [2014] UKSC 38, Supreme Court
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice [2014] UKSC 38, Supreme Court. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v B (MA) [2008] EWCA Crim 3, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v B (MA) [2008] EWCA Crim 3, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Lawrance [2020] EWCA Crim 971, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Lawrance [2020] EWCA Crim 971, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v McNally [2013] EWCA Crim 1051, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v McNally [2013] EWCA Crim 1051, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
R v Barnes [2004] EWCA Crim 3246, Court of Appeal
Authors: Herring Jonathan
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Barnes [2004] EWCA Crim 3246, Court of Appeal. The document also included supporting commentary from author Jonathan Herring.
Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. [1893] 1 QB 256
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. [1893] 1 QB 256. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation [1955] 2 QB 327
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corporation [1955] 2 QB 327. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Felthouse v Bindley [1862] EWHC CP J35; 142 ER 1037
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Felthouse v Bindley [1862] EWHC CP J35; 142 ER 1037. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Fisher v Bell [1961] 1 QB 394; [1960] 3 WLR 919
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Fisher v Bell [1961] 1 QB 394. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd [1953] 1 QB 401
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd [1953] 1 QB 401. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571 including commentary on Merritt v Merritt [1970] EWCA Civ 6; [1970] 1 WLR 1211.
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58; (1809) 2 Camp 317
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Stilk v Myrick [1809] EWHC KB J58; (1809) 2 Camp 317. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Spice Girls Ltd v Aprilia World Service [2002] EWCA Civ 15
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Spice Girls Ltd v Aprilia World Service [2002] EWCA Civ 15. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Zurich Insurance Co. Ltd plc v Hayward [2017] AC 142; [2016] UKSC 48
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Zurich Insurance Co. Ltd plc v Hayward [2016] UKSC 48. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Atlas Express Ltd v Kafco (Importers and Distributors) Ltd [1989] QB 833
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Atlas Express Ltd v Kafco (Importers and Distributors) Ltd [1989] QB 833. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Royal Bank of Scotland v Etridge (No.2) [2001] UKHL 44
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Royal Bank of Scotland v Etridge (No. 2) [2001] UKHL 44. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Parker v The South Eastern Railway Company (1877) 2 CPD 416
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Parker v The South Eastern Railway Company (1877) 2 CPD 416. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Investors Compensation Scheme Ltd v West Bromwich Building Society [1998] 1 WLR 896
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Investors Compensation Scheme Ltd v West Bromwich Building Society [1998] 1 WLR 896. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Lombard North Central plc v Butterworth [1987] QB 527
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Lombard North Central plc v Butterworth [1987] QB 527. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Cavendish Square Holding BV v Talal El Makdessi; ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis [2015] UKSC 67
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Cavendish Square Holding BV v Talal El Makdessi; ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis [2015] UKSC 67. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
NV Algemene Transport- en Expeditie Onderneming Van Gend en Loos (Case 26/62), EU:C:1963:1, [1963] ECR 1, 5 February 1963
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in NV Algemene Transport- en Expeditie Onderneming Van Gend en Loos (Case 26/62), EU:C:1963:1 [1963] ECR 1, 5 February 1963. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel (Case 11/70), EU:C:1970:114, [1970] ECR 1125, 17 December 1970
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v Einfuhr- und Vorratsstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel (Case 11/70), EU:C:1970:114, [1970] ECR 1125, 17 December 1970. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
Cartesio (Case C-210/06), EU:C:2008:723, [2008] ECR I-9641, 16 December 2008
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Cartesio (Case C-210/06), EU:C:2008:723, [2008] ECR I-9641, 16 December 2008. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
Banco de Santander (Case C‑274/14), EU:C:2020:17, 21 January 2020
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Banco de Santander (Case C 274/14), EU:C:2020:17, 21 January 2020. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
Hungary v Slovak Republic (Case C-364/10), EU:C:2012:630, 16 October 2012
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Hungary v Slovak Republic (Case C-364/10), EU:C:2012:630, 16 October 2012. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission (‘Kadi I’) (Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P), EU:C:2008:461, [2008] ECR I-6351, 3 September 2008.
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v Council and Commission (‘Kadi I’) (Joined Cases C-402/05 P and C-415/05 P), EU:C:2008:461, [2008] ECR I-6351, 3 September 2008. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
Yvonne Watts v Bedford Primary Care Trust (Case C-372/04), EU:C:2006:325, [2006] ECR I-4325, 16 May 2006
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Yvonne Watts v Bedford Primary Care Trust (Case C-372/04), EU:C:2006:325, [2006] ECR I-4325, 16 May 2006. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
Kunqian Catherine Zhu and Man Lavette Chen v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Case C-200/02), EU:C:2004:639, [2004] ECR I-9925, 19 October 2004
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Kunqian Catherine Zhu and Man Lavette Chen v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Case C-200/02), EU:C:2004:639, [2004] ECR I-9925, 19 October 2004. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
Digital Rights Ireland and Seitlinger and others v Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources and others (Joined cases C-293/12 and C-594/12), EU:C:2014:238, [2014] ECR I-238, 8 April 2014
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Digital Rights Ireland and Seitlinger and others v Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural Resources and others (Joined cases C-293/12 and C-594/12), EU:C:2014:238, [2014] ECR I-238, 8 April 2014. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
AXA General Insurance Ltd v Lord Advocate [2011] UKSC 46, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in AXA General Insurance Ltd v Lord Advocate [2011] UKSC 46, Supreme Court. This case addressed the extent to which Acts of the Scottish Parliament (ASPs) were reviewable by the courts, the special status of ASPs, and regularized the rules on standing as between English and Scots law. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
Burmah Oil Company v Lord Advocate [1965] AC 75, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Burmah Oil Company v Lord Advocate [1965] AC 75, House of Lords. This case, read together with the War Damage Act 1965, outlines the capacity of Parliament to enact retroactive legislation. The case note discusses this in the context of the rule of law and parliamentary sovereignty. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
Pham v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2015] UKSC 19, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Pham v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2015] UKSC 19, Supreme Court. This case considers the introduction of proportionality as a ground of judicial review beyond human rights and European Union law in the United Kingdom. The relationship between proportionality and Wednesbury unreasonableness is also discussed. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
Privacy International and others v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and others [2021] EWCA Civ 330, Court of Appeal (also known as the Third Direction case)
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Privacy International and others v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and others [2021] EWCA Civ 330, Court of Appeal. The case (also known as the Third Direction case) concerned whether the security service (MI5) was able to authorize its agents to commit criminality in the course of their work, and whether such authorization could grant immunity to said agents from criminal prosecution. The case has, in substance, been superseded by the passage of the Covert Human Intelligence Sources (Criminal Conduct) Act 2021, but it nonetheless raises more fundamental questions about the relationship between the rule of law and national security. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from the author, Thomas Webb.
R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Fire Brigades Union [1995] 2 AC 513, House of Lords
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Fire Brigades Union [1995] 2 AC 513, House of Lords. In this case, the House of Lords considered whether the Secretary of State could use the prerogative power to set up an alternative compensation scheme to that laid down in statute. It raises questions as regards the limits of the prerogative power, and the separation of powers in the United Kingdom’s constitution. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
R (on the application of Abbasi) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] EWCA Civ 1598, Court of Appeal
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of Abbasi) v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Secretary of State for the Home Department [2002] EWCA Civ 1598, before the Court of Appeal. This case concerned, among other things, whether foreign policy decisions made by the executive under the prerogative power could ever constitute justiciable matters arguable before the courts. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
R (on the application of Public Law Project) v Secretary of State for Justice [2016] UKSC 39, Supreme Court
Authors: Webb Thomas E.
Published: September 2022

Essential Cases: Public Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (on the application of Public Law Project) v Secretary of State for Justice [2016] UKSC 39, Supreme Court. The Court was asked to consider whether the Henry VIII powers granted under the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 permitted the Secretary of State for Justice to introduce a residency test into the provisions regulating legal aid. The case raises wider questions about the oversight and review of Henry VIII powers. The document also includes supporting commentary and questions from author Thomas Webb.
3. Medical Malpractice
Authors: Jackson Emily
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses the law’s response to medical malpractice. It covers breach of contract; negligence; problems with the clinical negligence system; the NHS complaints system; professional regulation; whistleblowing; criminal liability for gross negligence manslaughter and the new offence of wilful neglect. It also looks at the special issues raised in wrongful pregnancy and wrongful birth cases.
5. Incapacity I: Adults
Authors: Jackson Emily
Published: September 2022

This chapter considers the consent requirement and the principle of autonomy. It then discusses how the law treats patients who lack capacity, offering detailed analysis of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and its application, including cases involving the withdrawal of life-prolonging treatment.
7. Mental Health Law
Authors: Jackson Emily
Published: September 2022

This chapter begins with a brief history of mental health law and policy. It then covers admission to the mental health system and treatment of the mentally ill under the Mental Health Act 1983; Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS), and Community Treatment Orders. It looks at the implications of the Human Rights Act and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) for mental health law, and considers the government’s proposals for reform.
8. Confidentiality and Data
Authors: Jackson Emily
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the ethical justifications for protecting patient confidentiality. It then discusses the different legal sources of the duty of confidence; exceptions to the duty of confidence; and the remedies available for its breach. It briefly considers patients’ rights to gain access to their medical records. Finally, the chapter covers the implications of ‘big data’ and machine learning for healthcare, and the increasing use of mobile technology in order to generate, store and transmit health data.
10. Clinical Research
Authors: Jackson Emily
Published: September 2022

This chapter first summarizes the rules governing experiments on animals. It then examines international codes of research ethics and the UK’s regulatory system; the role of ethics committees in authorizing and monitoring research; whether the benefits and burdens of research participation are evenly distributed; conflicts of interests and publication ethics; and compensation for injuries sustained as a result of participation in research.
13. Embryo Research, Stem Cells, and Emerging Biotechnologies
Authors: Jackson Emily
Published: September 2022

This chapter covers embryo research, stem cell therapies and other emerging biotechnologies. It begins with a review of philosophical debates over the moral status of the embryo and discusses the regulation of embryo research in the UK. It then turns to consider stem cell therapies, before examining other emerging biotechnologies, including neurotechnologies and AI, and debates over human enhancement.
5. Regional protection of human rights
Authors: Smith Rhona K. M.
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the rationale behind developing regional protection of human rights. This is something not initially viewed positively across the international system, but is now an integral part of human rights monitoring and protection in Africa, the Americas and Europe. It discusses the advantages of regional systems and then overviews the three principal regional systems that promote human rights: the Organization of American States, the Council of Europe, and the African Union. These regional systems are each quite advanced and so are considered in further detail in dedicated regional chapters (Chapters 6–8). Finally, other regional initiatives are outlined with a particular focus on the pan-Arab system and the work of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN).
6. Europe
Authors: Smith Rhona K. M.
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the regional organizations with jurisdiction over human rights in Europe, focusing on the Council of Europe, and describes relevant work of the European Union and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. It highlights the success of the Council of Europe in developing a system which ensures the protection of basic human rights through a judicial mechanism and concludes that the European Convention on Human Rights has matured into the most sophisticated and effective human rights treaty in the world.