bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the amino acid and elemental composition of white mistletoe leaves
Authors: Chervonnaya Nadezhda M. , Adzhiakhmetova Similla L. , Pozdnyakov Dmitry I. , Oganesyan Eduard T.
Published: February 2024

Objective: comparative study of the amino acid and elemental composition of leaves Viscum album L. and host plants. Materials and methods. The amino acid and elemental composition in raw materials and extracts from leaves Viscum album and the corresponding host plant, obtained by extraction with 50% ethyl alcohol, was determined by capillary electrophoresis. Results. Glycine, alanine, leucine, proline, methionine, valine, asparagine, aspartic and glutamic acids were previously identified in the leaves Viscum album by ascending paper chromatography. By capillary electrophoresis, it was found that the raw materials and extracts contained proline, valine, alanine, threonine and methionine in the greatest amount. It has been established that in a semi-parasitic plant, the content of proline is 16 times higher than in Malus domestica Borkh. leaves and 5 times higher than in Pyrus communis L. leaves In alcohol-water extracts, the proline content is 5 and 1,5 times higher, respectively. It should be noted that in raw materials and extracts from Viscum album, obtained by extraction with 50% ethyl alcohol, potassium ions predominates quantitatively. Compared to leaves Malus domestica, leaves Viscum album accumulate 4,5 times more potassium, and 1,5 times more than in Pyrus communis leaves; in extracts, the content is also higher by 3 and 2 times, respectively. Conclusion. In raw materials and extracts from Viscum album, 13 free amino acids were found, of which 6 are essential (Arg, Phe, Leu, Met, Thr, Val). It was found that potassium predominates quantitatively in raw materials and extracts from Viscum album.
Analysis of characteristic index and prediction of river bottom tearing scour in the Yellow River
Authors: Sun Longfei , Liu Yanhui , Wang Yuanjian , Dong Qinghao , Zhao Wanjie
Published: March 2024

River bottom tearing scour (RBTS) has a strong effect on the scouring and moulding of channel in the Yellow River. Due to the special forming conditions, complex influencing factors, and limited observed data, it is difficult to predict whether RBTS will occur accurately. By collecting and disposing of the hydrodynamic, sediment, and initial boundary data of 246 flood events related to RBTS in three typical reaches of the Yellow River basin, the correlation between different characteristic influencing factors and the occurrence and absence of RBTS were analysed, and prediction models based on machine learning algorithms were constructed. The results showed that under the existing data conditions, the maximum sediment concentration Sm, average sediment concentration Sp, flood growth rate ν, and shape coefficient δ were the four key indices to more easily distinguish whether RBTS will occur. The support vector machine algorithm model had the best performance results and exhibited higher accuracy and precision in predicting its occurrence compared with other models under given water and sediment conditions. The method proposed in this study provides a new method for accurately predicting RBTS in the Yellow River.
Characterization and microbial mechanism of pollutant removal from stormwater runoff in the composite filler bioretention system
Authors: Guo Kaiwen , Wang Hairuo , Mu Teng , Chen Jiaxuan , Luo Hui , He Bao-Jie
Published: March 2024

Bioretention systems are a low-impact development (LID) measure to effectively control stormwater runoff and reduce pollutant concentrations. In this paper, three groups of bioretention cells with different filling materials (1# bioretention soil media (BSM), 2# BSM + 5% biochar, and 3# BSM +5% biochar +biological filler) were constructed to analyze the pollutant removal characteristics and microbial action under different simulated rainfall conditions. Results showed that the overall pollutant removal capacity of systems 2# and 3# was higher than that of system 1#, with system 3# having the lowest effluent concentrations of 2.71 mg/L for total nitrogen (TN) and 64.3 mg/L for chemical oxygen demand (COD). The load reduction effect for heavy metals of the three systems was ranked as 2# > 1# > 3#, and average load reduction rates were 80.3, 75.1, and 84.8% for Cu, Pb, and Zn in 2#. Microbial community analysis indicated that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the absolute dominant bacteria of the three bioretention systems, and the dominant genera included Bacillus, Hyphomicrobium, Micrococcaceae, and Nitrospira. In addition, the total number of denitrifying functional bacteria genera in systems 2# and 3# was increased by 1.39 and 52.1% compared to system 1#.
Performance improvement of a double-suction centrifugal pump for water supply system based on energy loss analysis and cavitation behaviour prediction
Authors: Wang Shengli , Yu Yang , Shu Yue , Li Fengyu , Sun Ruiliang
Published: March 2024

To gain a comprehensive understanding of the energy dissipation of a double-suction pump, analysing the energy loss of its various components is necessary. However, the liquid temperature in the double-suction pump remains almost constant, using the entropy production or dissipation method to evaluate energy loss is difficult. The traditional analysis method based on pressure drop cannot quantify the internal energy changes in each component. To solve this problem, a pressure energy loss evaluation approach is developed on the basis of the pressure drop theoretical analysis and numerical prediction, and the effects of cavitation on the energy loss are investigated. The structure of the volute casing is improved to enhance the performance based on energy loss analysis and cavitation behaviour prediction. The results show that the energy loss efficiencies for the suction casing, impeller, and volute casing are 0.55, 4.6, and 5%, respectively, at the design flow rate. The proportion of energy loss in the impeller and volute casing increased with a decrease in NPSHa. The RNG k–ε and k–ω turbulence models are chosen for the numerical simulation, and the numerically predicted results are verified experimentally.
Árvore solar fotovoltaica: uma proposta técnica para implantação em ambientes públicos na cidade de Mossoró - RN
Authors: C. C. Crisóstomo Daniel , B. T. Silva Isaac , M. Vieira Rafael , A. F. Moura Adriano
Published: March 2024

A energia solar fotovoltaica tem sido nos últimos anos, protagonista nos números de crescimento relativo em termos de geração de energia elétrica conectada à rede. No Brasil, seguindo esta tendência, já apresenta números relevantes de inserção desta forma de energia na sua matriz, cumprindo com seu objetivo de diversificá-la. A popularização da energia solar fotovoltaica tem ocorrido na forma de incentivos fiscais governamentais que objetivam a aquisição de micro usinas geradoras para grandes e pequenas empresas, além de pessoas físicas. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar um projeto que torne acessível o uso e o conhecimento da energia solar fotovoltaica, através de uma abordagem elétrica-arquitetônica na forma de uma árvore solar, localizada em ambiente público na cidade de Mossoró/RN.
Using Supercritical Diethyl Ether as the Reaction Medium for the Synthesis of
3-Acetyl and 4-Methyl Substituted Coumarins
Authors: Özsırkıntı Zeynep , Hakimi Abdul Hakim , Erşatır Mehmet , Türk Murat , Demirkol Onur , Giray Elife Sultan
Published: March 2024

Due to very good biological activity and use as fluorescent probes, coumarin
synthesis and developing new synthesis methods are still an attractive area for many research
groups. In this work, for the first time, a novel, mild, and green method has been
developed for coumarin synthesis by using supercritical diethyl ether as a reaction medium.
The optimum conditions for the synthesis of 3-acetylcoumarins and 4-methylcoumarins
have been explored. These newly established techniques could be a favourable approach
against two traditional synthetic routes in terms of green chemistry criteria for the synthesis
of important intermediates, 3-acetyl coumarins and 4-methyl coumarins. 4-Methyl coumarins
have been obtained in good-to-excellent yields (63-87%); for example, bmethylumbelliferone,
a naturally bioactive coumarin compound, was synthesised in 30 min
at 200oC, resulting in 87% yield, while several 3-acetyl coumarins were synthesized in very good yields (28-
96%).
Turkish Translation and Cross-Cultural Validity of WHOQOL-HIV Bref Tool
Authors: Derin Okan , Öncül Ahsen , Türkkan Hakkı Meriç , Demirbaş Nazife Duygu , Gül Özlem , Diktaş Hüsrev , Sevgi Dilek Yıldız , Hayran Osman
Published: March 2024

Background:

The assessment of health-related quality of life among people living with
HIV (PLWH) has gained increasing importance as it assesses their overall well-being, guides treatment
decisions, and addresses psychosocial challenges, improving their quality of life. This study
focuses on adapting and validating the Turkish version of the WHOQOL-HIV Bref, a tool developed
by the World Health Organization (WHO) to measure health-related quality of life in PLWH.
This adaptation is based on the generic WHOQOL-Bref Turkish and WHOQOL-HIV Bref
inventory.

Methods:

In line with WHO guidelines, the tool was translated and tested on 189 PLWH from İstanbul
Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital's HIV outpatient clinic. A variety of
statistical methods were employed to assess content, construct, concurrent, and known-group validity,
as well as internal consistency and reliability.

Results:

Participants' median age was 35 years (IQR: 14), with 178(94%) being male. The Turkish
WHOQOL-HIV Bref showed overall satisfactory psychometric properties. Despite limitations
in the spirituality domain, it demonstrated good internal consistency (alpha coefficient: 0.93) and
strong validity across several metrics, including test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.79).

Conclusion:

The WHOQOL-HIV BREF in Turkish is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing
the quality of life in Turkish PLWH.
Discovery and Development of HDAC Inhibitors: Approaches for the
Treatment of Cancer a Mini-review
Authors: Patel Roshani , Modi Arjun , Vekariya Hitesh
Published: February 2024

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have emerged as promising cancer therapeutics due to their ability to
induce differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in cancer cells. In the present review, we have described
the systemic discovery and development of HDAC inhibitors. Researchers across the globe have identified
various small molecules like benzo[d][1,3]dioxol derivatives, belinostat analogs, pyrazine derivatives, quinazolin-
4-one-based derivatives, 2,4-imidazolinedione derivatives, acridine hydroxamic acid derivatives, coumarin
derivatives, tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives, thiazole-5-carboxamide, salicylamide derivatives, β-peptoid-
capped HDAC inhibitors, quinazoline derivatives, benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives, and β-
elemene scaffold containing HDAC inhibitors. Most of the scaffolds have shown attractive IC50 (μM) in various
cell lines like HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, PI3K, HeLa, MDA-MB-231, MCF-10A, MCF-7, U937, K562
and Bcr-Abl cell lines.
Cholesterol-Based B-Ring 2H-Pyran: Synthesis and Reaction Mechanism by Using Density Functional Theoretical Study
Authors: Priyanka  , Kumar Himanshi , Sharma Kamlesh
Published: March 2024

The steroidal B-ring 2H-pyran 2 is synthesized by reacting steroidal B-ring α,β-
unsaturated ketone 1 and 2-cyano-N-methylacetamide by refluxing for 18 h in methanol in the presence
of a catalyst, i.e., chitosan. The product is obtained with a yield of 67%. The structure of the
final product 2 is confirmed by utilizing IR, Mass, 13C and 1H NMR spectra. The reaction
mechanism of the steroidal pyran ring formation is explored in this paper. The reaction pathway is
described by using FMO analysis and relative energies of starting material, intermediate, and
transition states, calculated by using the theoretical method, i.e., DFT with B3LYP/6-31G(d). It is
found that two intermediates are formed throughout the reaction, which undergo a respective
transition state (TS1 and TS2). The energy barrier of each step of the reaction is also calculated. It is
also concluded that the reaction is endothermic. The green synthetic method reported in this study
would be very useful for the synthetic and medicinal chemists involved in the synthesis of biologically
important pyran ring-containing heterocyclic compounds.
Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Perspectives on Respiratory Control: Understanding Congenital and Developmental Disorders
Authors: Amore Greta , Grella Maria , Currò Arianna , Lizio Maria Pia , Di Rosa Gabriella
Published: March 2024

:

Breathing is an automatic process generated by the central nervous system, crucial for
the homeostasis of several body processes. This vital process is underpinned by an intricate network
in which distinct functional and anatomical factors and structures play a role. Transcription
factors (i.e., PHOX2B and Pbx proteins), as well as neuromodulators (i.e., serotonin, noradrenaline,
GABA, and glycine), have been demonstrated as implicated in the regulation of breathing.
Besides, the several intertwined excitatory and inhibitory brainstem neural circuits comprising the
so-called central pattern generator (CPG) have recently demonstrated a potential role of cerebellar
structures and circuits in coordinating the complex and coordinated respiratory act in eupnea. A
disruption affecting one of these components, which may also occur on a genetic basis, may indeed
result in complex and heterogeneous disorders, including neurodevelopmental ones (such as
Rett and Prader-Willi syndrome), which may also present with neuropsychiatric and breathing
manifestations and potentially lead to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Herein, we discuss
the main factors and systems involved in respiratory control and modulation, outlining some of
the associated neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) deriving from an impairment in their expression/
function. Further studies are needed to deepen our knowledge of the complexity underpinning
“breathing” and the relation between respiratory implications and congenital and developmental
disorders.
Application Exploration of Medical Image-aided Diagnosis of Breast Tumour
Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Hong Zhen , Yan Xin , Zhang Ran , Ren Yuanfang , Tong Qian , Altrjman Chadi
Published: March 2024

Background:

Nowadays, people attach increasing importance to accurate and timely disease diagnosis and personalized treatment. Because of the uncertainty
and latency of the pathogenesis, it is difficult to detect breast tumour early. With higher resolution, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become
an important method for early detection of cancer in recent years. At present, DL technology can automatically study imaging features of different
depths. Objective: This work aimed to use DL to study medical image-assisted diagnosis.

Methods:

The image data were collected from the patients. ROI (region of interest) containing the complete tumor area in the medical image was generated.
The ROI image was extracted, and the extracted feature data were expanded. By constructing a three-dimensional (3D) CNN model, the evaluation
indicators of breast tumour diagnosis results have been proposed. In the experiment part, 3D CNN model and other models have been used to
diagnose the medical image of breast tumour.

Results:

The 3D CNN model exhibited good ROI region extraction effect and breast tumor image diagnosis effect, and the average diagnostic accuracy of
breast tumor image diagnosis was 0.736, which has been found to be much higher than other models and could be applied to breast tumor medical
image-aided diagnosis.

Conclusion:

The 3D CNN model has been trained by combining the two-dimensional CNN training mode, and the evaluation index of diagnostic results has
been established. The experimental part verified the medical image diagnosis effect of the 3D CNN model. The model had exhibited a high ROI
region extraction effect and breast tumor image diagnosis effect.
4D Flow MRI of Portal Vein Hemodynamics in Healthy Volunteers and Patients
with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Yu Hailong , Zhao Di , Shen Wen , Bai Xu , Zheng Meng , Ji Jiachen , Li Rui , Cai Jianming , Dong Jinghui , Liu Changchun
Published: March 2024

Aim::

To identify age-matched healthy volunteers, non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhotic patients based on portal hemodynamic
parameters using 4D flow MRI.

Methods::

A total of 10 age-matched healthy volunteers and 69 CLD patients were enrolled and underwent 4D flow MRI prospectively. 4D flow MR images
were processed by an MD in biomedical engineering working on the GTFlow platform. Portal hemodynamic parameters include net flow
(mL/cycle), flow volume per second through the lumen (mL/sec), average flow velocity (cm/sec), and maximum flow velocity (cm/sec). The
difference in portal hemodynamic parameters of 4D flow MRI was compared among healthy volunteers, non-cirrhotic CLD patients and patients
with cirrhosis by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and post hoc tests.

Results::

10 CLD patients without cirrhosis and 56 patients with cirrhosis were eventually included, along with 10 healthy volunteers who were divided into
three groups. 3 patients with cirrhosis whose image quality did not meet the requirements were excluded. There were no significant differences in
portal hemodynamic parameters among the three groups except portal average velocity (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in all portal
hemodynamic parameters of 4D flow MRI between healthy volunteers and patients with cirrhosis (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in
portal average velocity between non-cirrhotic CLD patients, healthy volunteers and patients with cirrhosis, respectively (11.44±3.93 vs 8.10±2.66,
P=0.013; 11.44±3.93 vs 8.60±2.22, P=0.007).

Conclusion::

Portal average velocity obtained by 4D flow MRI can be an auxiliary means to identify cirrhosis in patients with CLD.
Conditioned Medium Treatment for the Improvement of Functional
Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Hajisoltani Razieh , Taghizadeh Mona , Hamblin Michael R , Ramezani Fatemeh
Published: March 2024

Background::

While there is no certain treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI), stem cellbased
therapy may be an attractive alternative, but the survival and differentiation of cells in the host
tissue are poor. Conditioned medium (CM) has several beneficial effects on cells.

Objective::

In this meta-analysis study, we examined the effect of CM on SCI treatment.

Methods::

After searching on MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science, first and secondary
screening were performed based on title, abstract, and full text. The data were extracted from
the included studies, and meta-analysis was performed using STATA.14 software. A standardized
mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval was used to report findings. Quality control
and subgroup analysis were also performed.

Results::

The results from 52 articles and 61 separate experiments showed that CM had a significantly
strong effect on improving motor function after SCI (SMD = 2.58; 95% CI: 2.17 to 2.98; p <
0.001) and also analysis of data from 12 articles demonstrated that CM reduced the expression of
GFAP marker (SMD = -4.16; p < 0.0001) compared to SCI group without any treatment. Subgroup
analysis showed that treatment with CM of neural stem cells was better than CM of mesenchymal
stem cells. It was more effective after a mild lesion than a moderate or severe one. The improvement
was more pronounced with <4 weeks than >4 weeks follow-up.

Conclusion::

CM had a significant effect in improving motor function after SCI, especially in cases
of mild lesions. It has been observed that if CM originates from the neural stem cells, it has a more
significant effect than mesenchymal cells.
MCHAN: Prediction of Human Microbe-drug Associations Based on Multiview Contrastive Hypergraph Attention Network
Authors: Li Guanghui , Cao Ziyan , Liang Cheng , Xiao Qiu , Luo Jiawei
Published: March 2024

Background:

Complex and diverse microbial communities play a pivotal role in human
health and have become a new drug target. Exploring the connections between drugs and microbes
not only provides profound insights into their mechanisms but also drives progress in drug discovery
and repurposing. The use of wet lab experiments to identify associations is time-consuming and laborious.
Hence, the advancement of precise and efficient computational methods can effectively improve
the efficiency of association identification between microorganisms and drugs.

Objective:

In this experiment, we propose a new deep learning model, a new multiview comparative
hypergraph attention network (MCHAN) method for human microbe–drug association prediction.

Methods:

First, we fuse multiple similarity matrices to obtain a fused microbial and drug similarity
network. By combining graph convolutional networks with attention mechanisms, we extract key information
from multiple perspectives. Then, we construct two network topologies based on the above
fused data. One topology incorporates the concept of hypernodes to capture implicit relationships between
microbes and drugs using virtual nodes to construct a hyperheterogeneous graph. Next, we
propose a cross-contrastive learning task that facilitates the simultaneous guidance of graph embeddings
from both perspectives, without the need for any labels. This approach allows us to bring nodes
with similar features and network topologies closer while pushing away other nodes. Finally, we employ
attention mechanisms to merge the outputs of the GCN and predict the associations between
drugs and microbes.

Results:

To confirm the effectiveness of this method, we conduct experiments on three distinct datasets.
The results demonstrate that the MCHAN model surpasses other methods in terms of performance.
Furthermore, case studies provide additional evidence confirming the consistent predictive
accuracy of the MCHAN model.

Conclusion:

MCHAN is expected to become a valuable tool for predicting potential associations between
microbiota and drugs in the future.
“One Method to Label Them All”: A Single Fully Automated Protocol
for GMP-Compliant 68Ga Radiolabeling of PSMA-11, Transposable to
PSMA-I&T and PSMA-617
Authors: Fouillet Juliette , Donzé Charlotte , Deshayes Emmanuel , Santoro Lore , Rubira Léa , Fersing Cyril
Published: March 2024

Background::

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an ideal target for molecular
imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy in prostate cancer. Consequently, various
PSMA ligands were developed. Some of these molecules are functionalized with a chelator that
can host radiometals, such as 68Ga for PET imaging. The 68Ga radiolabeling step benefits from
process automation, making it more robust and reducing radiation exposure.

Objective::

To design a single automated radiolabeling protocol for the GMP-compliant preparation
of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, transposable to the production of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 and
[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-I&T.

Methods::

A GAIA® synthesis module and a GALLIAD® generator were used. Radio-TLC and
radio-HPLC methods were validated for radiochemical purity (RCP) determination. Three
[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 validation batches were produced and thoroughly tested for appearance and
pH, radionuclide identity and purity, RCP, stability, residual solvent and sterility. Minimal modifications
were made to the reagents and disposables for optimal application to other PSMA ligands.

Results::

[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 for clinical application was produced in 27 min. The 3 validation
batches met the quality criteria expected by the European Pharmacopoeia to allow routine production.
For optimal transposition to PSMA-617, the solid phase extraction cartridge was
changed to improve purification of the radiolabeled product. For application to PSMA-I&T, the
buffer solution initially used was replaced by HEPES 2.7 M to achieve good radiochemical
yields. Residual HEPES content was checked in the final product and was below the Ph. Eur.
threshold.

Conclusion::

A single automated radiolabeling method on the GAIA® module was developed
and implemented for 68Ga radiolabeling of 3 PSMA ligands, with slight adjustments for each
molecule.
In Vitro Multiplication and Metabolite Variations through GC-MS of a Medicinal Plant Scaevola Taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.
Authors: Raseena M. , Yusuf A.
Published: March 2024

The present study investigated the difference in the phytoconstituents in the
methanolic extract of mother and tissue cultured plants of Scaevola taccada (Gaertn).
Roxb., an important medicinal plant of the Goodiniaceae family. An efficient protocol
was established to rapidly multiply S. taccada using nodal explants. The explants were
cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.5 mg/l,
2.5 mg/l, 5.0 mg/l, 10.0 mg/l), IAA (1.0 mg/l), Kinetin (1.0 mg/l), ascorbic acid (100
mg/l) and citric acid (25 mg/l). The maximum number of multiple shoots were obtained
in MS medium supplemented with BAP (5.0 mg/l) in combination with Kinetin (1.0
mg/l) and additives ascorbic acid (100 mg/l) and citric acid (25 mg/l). Subculturing
multiple shoots at periodic intervals of every 4 weeks produced the maximum number
of shoots. The in vitro generated shoots were rooted in half-strength MS medium
supplemented with IBA (0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5) mg/l NAA (0.5,1.0,2.0,2.5) mg/l. Among
these, the highest root induction was obtained in IBA (1.5 mg/l) and NAA (0.1 mg/l).
The rooted plantlets were transferred to pots containing a mixture of vermiculite and
perlite for acclimatization for three weeks. The plants were hardened in a greenhouse
and planted in open fields. Phytochemical analysis shows the methanolic extracts of the
tissue cultured plants produced more bioactive compounds having various
pharmaceutical importance than the mother plant.
Metabolic Engineering & Synthetic Biology of Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids Pathway in Catharanthus Roseus
Authors: Mistry Vyoma , Borase Hemant , Sharma Abhishek , Arora Rajesh
Published: March 2024

The anti-neoplastic herb, Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Apocynaceae),
is a high-value, low-volume medicinal herb, which is the focus of global attention in
view of being the source of terpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs). MIAs are one of the
largest classes of phyto-alkaloids, and many of them are sources of important
pharmaceutical products. C. roseus is known to harbour more than 130 different
bioactive MIAs that make it an interesting plant, finding use in several traditional and
modern medical therapies. The remarkable presence of cellular and subcellular
compartmentations for the synthesis and storage of MIAs allows the accumulation of
these medicinally important MIAs in leaves (viz. vindoline, catharanthine, vinblastine,
vincristine) and stem and roots (viz. tabersonine, ajmalicine, reserpine, serpentine,
vindoline, catharanthine, horhammericine, leurosine, lochnerine). Out of them, any
medicinally active MIAs found in Catharanthus roseus, vinblastine and vincristine are
special since they possess anticancerous properties, along with ajmalicine and
serpentine, which possess antihypertensive properties. However, the low plant yield
and nonavailability of alternative chemical synthesis methods have increased their
demand and market cost. In the research era of more than three decades, a plethora of
studies have been carried out on C. roseus to explore, understand, explain, improve and
enhance the Homo/Heterologous biosynthesis of MIAs. Metabolic engineering (ME)
and synthetic biology are two powerful tools that have played and contributed majorly
to MIAs studies. This chapter concentrates mainly on the efforts made through
metabolic engineering and synthetic biology of MIAs in plant and microbial factories
in the last three decades.
Establecimiento in vitro de semillas de una especie con importancia maderera y melífera del Bosque Atlántico
Authors: Duarte Evelyn
Published: March 2024

Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud es una especie arbórea que crece naturalmente en los países de Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay, que se encuentra en estado de conservación vulnerable, debido a la sobreexplotación con fines comerciales por poseer una madera de interés industrial. Con el objetivo de establecer un protocolo de multiplicación in vitro de Cordia trichotoma, frutos con y sin escarificación física fueron sometidos a desinfección con peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) 30 volúmenes al 50% durante 5 días, etanol 70% durante un minuto e hipoclorito de sodio (NaClO) al 1 y 2% durante 20 minutos. Posteriormente, frutos o semillas fueron cultivados en medio basal compuesto de las sales minerales de Murashige y Skoog, con una concentración de sacarosa de 30 gr.L-1, semisólido (agar 6,5 gr.L-1), e incubados durante un mes a 27±2 °C y 16 horas de luz. El uso del H2O2 al 50% durante 5 días, combinado con diferentes concentraciones de NaClO y cultivando las semillas 0 frutos resulta en alto niveles de desinfección en donde más del 80% de los cultivos no presentaron contaminación visible, la CG fue del 33,33±23,09 al 90±10,00 % y el IVG fue de 0,13±0,09 a 0,57±0,03 semillas por día. El uso del H2O2 en la desinfección de frutos de C. trichotoma, es fundamental para eliminar la mayor cantidad de microorganismos que interfieren en el normal desarrollo de las plantas germinadas in vitro. La utilización de este desinfectante conjuntamente con el NaClO logró altos porcentajes de germinación, en tanto que la escarificación mecánica influye negativamente sobre el establecimiento de las semillas de Cordia trichotoma.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF A LOCAL LACTIC ACID BACTERIA (LAB) ISOLATE (B21) AND PRIMER CONFIRMATION FOR D-Lactate Dehydrogenase (D-LDH) GENE ISOLATION
Authors: Madhani Anisa Tiara , Nurcahyo Heru , Octavia Bernadetta , Astuti  , Mercuriani Ixora Sartika
Published: February 2024

This study aims to identify a lactic acid bacteria (BAL) isolated  from native chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) intestinum (B21) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and also to confirm primers for PCR-based D-Lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) gene isolation. The genomic DNA of B21 was isolated then amplified using 16S rRNA. The PCR product then sequenced and aligned. The sequencing was done in 1st Base Pte. Malaysia. The sequence then aligned using  the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) in NCBI to know the similar genome species. Isolation D-LDH gene was done through PCR using 5 primers (idb 0101, idb 1147, idb 0813, idb 1010, and idb 2021) of B21 and also J15 isolate genome. The PCR product were then sequenced and aligned with the D-LDH gene sequences in NCBI.

The results of molecular identification based on 16S rRNA markers showed that B21 has 99.45% similarity to Bacillus proteolyticus. Amplification of the LDH gene with idb 1010 primer on J15 isolate yielded 4 fragments (i.e. 650, 1400, 1500, and 1700bp). The results of phylogenetic tests showed that the 1700bp fragment has a high similarity to the D-LDH gene in Myobacterium tuberculosis  species with a bootstrap value of 84%. While other size fragments cannot be trusted to have similarity to LDH sequence because they have not reached  the minimum bootstrap  value that meets the qualifications.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BIO ACTIVATORS ON QUALITY COMPOST OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE
Authors: Pratiwi Ellyza Yohana Putri , Suhartini  , Sudrajat Ahmad Kamal
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of using various bio activators on quality compost from agricultural waste and the best bio activators to obtain good quality compost from agricultural waste. This type of research is experimental with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The object of this research is compost from agricultural waste added with various bio activators: Tape Yeast, Tempe Yeast, Stardec, EM-4, and M-21 Decomposer. Each treatment consisted of 3 (three) replications. This study lasted for 75 days. The quality of compost is observed by physical parameters (temperature, humidity, pH, volume, weight, color, texture, smell), chemical parameters (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), C : N ratio, phosphorus (P), Kalium (K)), and composting time. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Kruskall Wallis Test. The results of this research on compost quality with physical parameters in all treatments had almost the same physical appearance, namely blackish brown color, texture or grain size of 2- 4mm, and had an earthy smell. Meanwhile, the analysis results on compost quality with chemicals showed a significant effect of different bio activators on the compost quality. Furthermore, the length of time for composting shows that the use of bio activators can affect the quality and speed up the composting time. EM-4 is the best bio activator to obtain the best compost quality.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Soal dan Penilaian Daring Bagi Guru SMP dan SMA di Desa Lembo Kabupaten Konawe Utara
Authors: Patih Tandri , Sangila Muhammad Syarwa , Boy La , Masdin Masdin , Kadir Abdul , Halistin Halistin , Nurhalizah Dina
Published: February 2024

Sebagai seorang pendidik, guru berkewajiban untuk meningkatkan kualitas dari proses pembelajaran, yang kemudian berdampak pada peningkatan kemampuan peserta didiknya. Sehingga, guru dituntut untuk terus mengembangkan kompetensi yang dimilikinya, salah satunya yaitu kompetensi profesionalisme. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan dan meningkatkan kompetensi guru SMP dan SMA di Desa Lembo Kabupaten Konawe Utara melalui pelatihan pembuatan soal dan penilaian secara daring (dalam jaringan). Di era digitalisasi saat ini pemanfaatan teknologi informasi (IT) diberbagai sektor/bidang menjadi begitu intens, tidak terkecuali dibidang Pendidikan. Lembaga Pendidikan dituntut untuk dapat melaksanakan proses pembelajaran hingga proses penilaian dengan memanfaatkan teknologi informasi. Terutama dalam menghadapi kondisi pandemi, yang menuntut dilaksanakannya proses pembelajaran dan penilaian secara daring. Kegiatan PKM ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan PKM ini yaitu pelatihan, pendampingan, dan diskusi. Pelatihan dilaksanakan dengan memberikan informasi mengenai pembuatan soal dan penilaian secara daring. Materi yang disampaikan mencakup kebijakan pelaksanaan penilaian daring sebelum dan selama pandemi serta pembuatan soal dan penilaian daring menggunakan google form. Hasil yang dicapai dalam Kegiatan PKM ini, yaitu: 1) meningkatnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman guru tentang pemanfaatan google form sebagai media dalam melaksanakan penilaian secara daring; 2) meningkatnya motivasi guru dalam mengembangkan kompetensi pedadogiknya. Hasil PKM ini juga memperlihatkan tingkat kepuasan yang baik dari guru-guru peserta pelatihan, dengan persentase sangat puas sebesar 70% dan puas sebesar 30%.Kata kunci: Pelatihan, Soal, Penilaian Daring,  google form
Workshop on Comparative analysis of k populations with Non Parametric for Research in Social Sciences and Education
Authors: Kusumawati Rosita , Wutsqa Dhoriva Urwatul , Kismiantini Kismiantini , Inayati Syarifah , Fauzan Muhammad , Setiawan Ezra Putranda , Isnaini Bayutama
Published: February 2024

Data obtained from social science and education research is often in the form of categorical data, namely nominal or ordinal. This makes the parametric approach less appropriate for use in some social science and education data. One solution is to use a nonparametric approach. This underlies the holding of community service activities in a workshop on comparison analysis of k population with a nonparametric approach for social science research and education. Participants in this workshop consisted of academics and practitioners, and students from various study programs in Indonesia. The workshop was carried out by providing material and demonstrating using R software as an analytical tool, which was held online for two days. On the first day, the material presented was a nonparametric approach to the comparison of k independent populations along with a demonstration of using R software, while for k dependent populations along with a demonstration of using R software was given on the second day. Participants were given data on social sciences and education in providing materials and demos of the R software. Based on the results of questionnaires, observations, and questions and answers, participants seemed enthusiastic in participating in the R software's material and demo sessions. In addition, participants can perform various tests in a nonparametric approach for k independent and dependent populations using the R software. Participants can also provide an accurate interpretation of the output of the R software.
Pelatihan Olimpiade Sains Nasional Bidang Kebumian Melalui Pendekatan Strategis
Authors: Pranata Ogi Danika
Published: February 2024

Olimpiade Sains Nasional (OSN) bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dan mengembangkan peserta didik bertalenta. Terdapat 9 bidang OSN untuk jenjang SMA/sederajat. Salah satu bidang yang paling unik dan menantang adalah Kebumian yang ditunjukkan oleh ruang lingkup, tingkat kesulitan, dan eksistensi kebumian di mata siswa. Oleh karena itu pihak sekolah menerapkan pendekatan strategis untuk menghadapinya. Metode Community-Based Research (CBR) diterapkan dalam bentuk pelatihan melalui pembelajaran. Proses pembelajaran menggunakan pendekatan strategis (strategic approach) dalam sebelas kali pertemuan yang terbagi ke dalam dua fase. Fase pertama terdiri dari enam pertemuan yang bertujuan untuk menyeleksi peserta di Tingkat Sekolah. Fase kedua terdiri dari lima pertemuan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman materi. Modul pembelajaran didesain dalam bentuk penjabaran materi dan 30 butir soal tes formatif. Berdasarkan perbandingan data kedua fase, pemahaman dan keyakinan peserta dalam menjawab soal meningkatkan secara signifikan. Tidak hanya fokus pada pemahaman, OSN juga menghadirkan nuansa baru dalam dunia pendidikan, baik dari sisi kompetensi, kompetisi ataupun evaluasi. Persiapan melalui pelatihan hanyalah kontribusi kecil dari sekolah dan pelatih selaku penulis untuk mendukung kegiatan OSN dari salah satu pelosok negeri. Penulis berharap adanya langkah besar yang akan diambil segera untuk memberikan perubahan yang diharapkan dalam kegiatan Olimpade Sains Nasional. Salah satu langkah besar yang mulai tampak, namun belum terjangkau oleh penulis sendiri adalah menghadirkan Kebumian sebagai mata pelajaran baru di sekolah.
Pelatihan Teknis Penyusunan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Video dengan Aplikasi Inshot pada Guru Biologi MGMP Biologi SMA di Kulon Progo
Authors: Rahmawati Yunita Fera , Prakarsa Tatag Bagus Putra , Harjana Tri , Ciptono Ciptono , Suhandoyo Suhandoyo
Published: February 2024

Dosen Berkegiatan di Luar Kampus (DLK) ini ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran bagi guru MGMP Biologi SMA di Kulon Progo dalam memilih, merancang, melaksanakan media pembelajaran online untuk memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan teknologi (TIK) seiring perkembangan Revolusi Industri 4.0. Adanya media pembelajaran yang tepat dapat menjadikan pembelajaran di kelas lebih efektif dan efisien. Pelatihan dilaksanakan dalam bentuk workshop secara tatap muka yang diikuti oleh guru-guru MGMP Biologi SMA di Kulon Progo pada tanggal 28 Mei-18 Agustus 2022 di Laboratorium micro teaching Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi FMIPA UNY dan SMAN 1 Pengasih, Kulon Progo. Materi pelatihan meliputi gambaran umum story board, pengenalan aplikasi inshot, praktik membuat video sederhana dengan bimbingan langsung dari tim DLK. Berdasarkan analisis pretest dan posttest terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan peserta terkait pengetahuan menggunakan inshot, pengenalan menu dan bagaimana menggunakannya dalam membuat video pembelajaran.  Pelatihan ini dinilai cocok dengan kebutuhan peserta. Hal tersebut diketahui melalui kuisioner yang dibagikan pada akhir pelatihan. Sebanyak 81% peserta berharap dapat mengetahui cara mengoperasikan aplikasi inshot dengan baik agar dapat digunakan untuk pembelajaran di sekolah utamanya pada mata pelajaran Biologi. Sedangkan 19% peserta menyatakan ingin mengenal aplikasi inshot untuk membuat alternatif atau variasi metode pembelajaran di kelas agar peserta didik tidak bosan di kelas. Melalui pelatihan ini, harapannya dapat mempermudah proses belajar mengajar dan menarik perhatian peserta didik pada setiap pembelajaran Biologi.
PERS DAN PENYEBARAN BENIH NASIONALISME: FILANTROPI PENGUSAHA ROKOK KRETEK KUDUS UNTUK PERS BUMIPUTERA MASA KOLONIAL
Authors: Supratno Edy
Published: February 2024

AbstrakSelain melalui berbagai buku bacaan yang diperoleh di dunia pendidikan, isu kebangsaan yang diusung kelompok nasionalis pada awal abad ke-20 juga banyak tersebar melalui pers atau media massa. Di saat yang sama, mengelola media massa membutuhkan modal yang kuat demi keberlangsungan operasional sebuah penerbitan. Industri rokok kretek di Kudus menjadi salah satu yang fenomenal di Hindia Belanda karena pada masa itu pengusaha Bumiputera berhasil mencapai posisi tertentu. Dari hasil usaha rokok kretek mereka menjadi kaya raya dan menyandang status social baru, salah satunya adalah Nitisemito. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang sebagian di antaranya menggunakan sumber koran yang terbit pada masanya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana sumbangsih perusahaan rokok kretek Kudus dalam menghidupi media massa yang dikelola oleh Bumiputera pada masa-masa perkembangan nasionalisme di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Nasionalisme, Filantropi, Pers, Kretek, Kudus.
KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL BABOE DI BATAVIA TAHUN 1900-1942
Authors: Krismuti Clara Aprillita , Darini Ririn , Dewi Ita Mutiara
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini membahas tentang kehidupan sosial baboe di Batavia pada tahun 1900-1942 yang merupakan abad terakhir kekuasaan Belanda atas Hindia Belanda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Mengetahui kemunculan profesi baboe di Batavia pada tahun 1900-1942, (2) Memberikan kajian lebih mengenai baboe sebagai bagian dari kaum marjinal di Batavia tahun 1900-1942, dan (3) Mengetahui relasi sosial babu dan majikannya di Batavia pada tahun 1900-1942. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Baboe memang bukan sebuah profesi baru, namun baboe muncul karena adanya kebutuhan sebagai seorang ibu dan mbak ditengah keluarga Eropa di Batavia, (2) Baboe sebagai bagian dari kaum marjinal menerima banyak pembatasan yang muncul karena adanya buku-buku pedoman sebagai acuan tugas dan batas-batas terhadap gerak baboe, (3) Keberadaan baboe memberikan dampak relasi sosial dan ingatan kolektif yang mampu memberikan sudut pandang lain dalam membaca keberadaan baboe dalam kajian sejarah sosial dan sejarah perempuan.Kata kunci: Baboe, Kehidupan sosial, Batavia, kolonial.
How Do Changes in the Family Structure and Dynamics Reflect on Health
Authors: Slivšek Goran , Vitale Ksenija , Lončarek Karmen
Published: March 2024

Obitelj je jedan od najvažnijih sociodemografskih čimbenika kada je riječ o razumijevanju zdravstvenih razlika među pojedincima. Unatoč značajnim promjenama u oblicima obitelji tijekom proteklih desetljeća, utjecaj obitelji kao društvene odrednice zdravlja snažan je i trajan. Uloge obiteljskih odnosa u oblikovanju zdravlja pojedinaca, ali i obrnuto, predstavljaju zdravlje kao višeznačan ishod s nepristranim i pristranim čimbenicima. Tijekom života, od ranog djetinjstva do duboke starosti, obitelj se svojim sastavom i dinamikom značajno odražava na tjelesno, psihičko i socijalno blagostanje pojedinca. U tom smislu, cilj ovog rada je istražiti kako obitelj svojim sastavom i dinamikom utječe na zdravlje i zdravstveno ponašanje pojedinca od ranog djetinjstva, preko odrasle dobi, pa sve do starije dobi u okviru značajnih životnih događaja ili prijelaza poput braka, razvoda, udovištva i roditeljstva predočavanjem konceptualnog modela zdravlja pojedinca u obitelji.
Scientific and Methodological Approach to Assessing Timeliness Operational Management of Vehicle Routing in an Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Belov A. S. , Reformat A. N. , Trakhinin E. L. , Birkun N.  I.
Published: March 2024

Purpose of reseach. The purpose of this article is to develop a scientific and methodological approach to assessing the timeliness of decision-making in the operational management of car traffic routing in an urban agglomeration. Timeliness is manifested in reducing the time to prepare a decision to change the route of a car delivering goods in conditions of a possible (predicted) increase in traffic congestion at intersections and streets crossing the established route in an urban agglomeration. 

Methods. The presented approach is based on the basic principles of management theory in organizational systems, the theory of rational consumer behavior, mathematical statistics, and simulation modeling.

Results. A variant of the generalized scheme of the operational control cycle for the routing of a car in an urban agglomeration has been developed. A sequence of estimation of decision-making time for operational control of vehicle traffic routing is proposed, and the individual stages of the evaluation sequence implement the main functions of the developed version of the operational control cycle. Experimental dependences of the time of analysis of route parameters during operational management on the quantity and quality of the routes under consideration in the AnyLogic 8.4.0 simulation environment are obtained.

Conclusion. The article considers an approach to assessing the timeliness of decision-making in the operational management of the route of a car delivering goods in an urban agglomeration. To minimize the time for making an operational decision, it is proposed to predict the intensity of traffic congestion and assess the quality of the route. The approach allows, based on forecasting the state of the road situation at the intersection points of the route and streets with a high probability of traffic congestion, as well as, taking into account the number and quality of routes, to increase the timeliness of making a decision to change the route of a car delivering goods to an urban agglomeration.
Trapping Sets Search Using the Method of Mixed Integer Linear Programming with a Priori List of Variable Nodes
Authors: Usatjuk V S. , Egorov S. I.
Published: March 2024

Purpose of researchis to develop a new high-speed method for searching trappin sets in graph codes, ensuring the completeness of the search.

Methods. There are two approaches to finding trappin sets. The first, based on the Monte Carlo method with a biased probability estimation using Importance Sampling, involves the use of a decoder. The advantage of this approach is its high performance. The disadvantages are the dependence on decoder parameters and channel characteristics and the finite probability of missing trappin sets. The second approach is based on the use of linear programming methods. The advantage of this approach is the completeness of the resulting list of trappin sets, due to its independence from the decoder parameters and channel characteristics. The disadvantage of this approach is its high computational complexity. In the article, within the framework of the second approach, a new method for searching trappin sets with less computational complexity is proposed. The method involves solving a mixed integer linear programming problem using an a priori list of code vertices participating in the shortest cycles in the code graph.

Results.Using the proposed method, a search for trappin sets was performed for several low-density codes. For this purpose, the mathematical linear programming package IBM CPLEX version 12.8 was used, which was run on 32 threads of a 16-core AMD Ryzen 3950X processor with 32GB of RAM (DDR4). In the Margulis code (2640, 1320), using the proposed method, the trappin set TS(6,6) was found in a time of 0.53 s. The speedup provided by the method proposed in the paper compared to the Velazquez-Subramani method is 8252.415 times. Thanks to the high speed and completeness of the search, trappin sets were found for the first time TS(62,16) and TS(52,14) in the Margulis code (4896, 2474 ).

Conclusion.The paper proposes a new method for searching trapping sets by solving a mixed integer linear programming problem with an a priori list of code. The method is fast and provides completeness of the search.