bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Mediterranean circulation and water characteristics due to restriction of the Atlantic connection: a high-resolution ocean model
Authors: Topper R. P. M. , Meijer P. Th.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. A high-resolution parallel ocean model is set up to examine how the sill depth of the Atlantic connection affects circulation and water characteristics in the Mediterranean Basin. An analysis of the model performance, comparing model results with observations of the present-day Mediterranean, demonstrates its ability to reproduce observed water characteristics and circulation (including deep water formation). A series of experiments with different sill depths in the Atlantic–Mediterranean connection is used to assess the sensitivity of Mediterranean circulation and water characteristics to sill depth. Basin-averaged water salinity and, to a lesser degree, temperature rise when the sill depth is shallower and exchange with the Atlantic is lower. Lateral and interbasinal differences in the Mediterranean are, however, largely unchanged. The strength of the upper overturning cell in the western basin is proportional to the magnitude of the exchange with the Atlantic, and hence to sill depth. Overturning in the eastern basin and deep water formation in both basins, on the contrary, are little affected by the sill depth. The model results are used to interpret the sedimentary record of the Late Miocene preceding and during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. In the western basin, a correlation exists between sill depth and rate of refreshment of deep water. On the other hand, because sill depth has little effect on the overturning and deep water formation in the eastern basin, the model results do not support the notion that restriction of the Atlantic–Mediterranean connection may cause lower oxygenation of deep water in the eastern basin. However, this discrepancy may be due to simplifications in the surface forcing and the use of a bathymetry different from that in the Late Miocene. We also tentatively conclude that blocked outflow, as found in experiments with a sill depth ≤10 m, is a plausible scenario for the second stage of the Messinian Salinity Crisis during which halite was rapidly accumulated in the Mediterranean. With the model setup and experiments, a basis has been established for future work on the sensitivity of Mediterranean circulation to changes in (palaeo-)bathymetry and external forcings.
Quantification of the Beauce's Groundwater contribution to the Loire River discharge using satellite infrared imagery
Authors: Lalot E. , Curie F. , Wawrzyniak V. , Schomburgk S. , Piegay H. , Moatar F.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. Seven Landsat Thermal InfraRed (TIR) images, taken over the period 2000–2010, were used to establish longitudinal temperature profiles of the middle Loire River, where it flows above the Beauce aquifer. Results showed that 75% of the temperature differences, between in situ observations and TIR image based estimations, remained within the ±1 °C interval. The groundwater discharge along the River course was quantified for each identified groundwater catchment areas using a heat budget based on the Loire River temperature variations, estimated from the TIR images. The main discharge area of the Beauce aquifer into the Loire River was located between river kilometers 630 and 650. This result confirms what was obtained using a groundwater budget and spatially locates groundwater input within the Middle sector of the Loire River. According to the heat budgets, groundwater discharge is higher during winter period (13.5 m3 s−1) than during summer (5.3 m3 s−1). Groundwater input is also higher during the flow recession periods of the Loire River.
The calamity of eruptions, or an eruption of benefits? Mt. Bromo human–volcano system a case study of an open-risk perception
Authors: Bachri S. , Stötter J. , Monreal M. , Sartohadi J.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. In this paper we investigate the question not of how, but why people actively choose to live with continued exposure to considerable hazard. A field survey of the human–volcano interaction at Bromo Volcano was based on semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed according to recurrent themes in the answers. Findings from field investigation were then confronted with previous existing concepts of human exposure to natural hazards. The result shows that the interaction between humans and the volcanic environment at Bromo volcano is multifaceted and complex. The Tengger people choose – rather than being forced – to live with volcanic hazards. They are not only exposed to its negative consequence, but also enjoy benefits and opportunities of physical, spiritual and socio-cultural nature that arise within the human–volcanic system. Following this perspective, the concept of risk itself must be revisited and expanded from a one-sided focus on hazardous processes to a more holistic view of risk that includes the various positive aspects that pertain to the entire system. The development of a generic human–volcanic system model could provide the basis for the development of an open-risk concept.
A prática informacional dos usuários de um sistema de informação a partir de uma perspectiva compreensiva
Authors: Terto Ana Luisa de Vasconcelos , Sirihal Duarte Adriana Bogliolo
Published: February 2015

Objetivo. Esta pesquisa se caracteriza como um estudo de usuários do Sistema de Informação da Extensão da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (SIEX/UFMG). O objetivo geral do estudo é investigar as práticas informacionais dos usuários deste sistema, contemplando tanto os aspectos comportamentais dos seus usuários quanto os aspectos operacionais do sistema. Método. Os fundamentos teóricos adotados buscaram aporte na literatura sobre (i) comportamento informacional - aproximando a pesquisa dos estudos da abordagem social -, (ii) fenomenologia social - para compreender as práticas informacionais dos usuários – e (iii) critérios de usabilidade - para verificar a percepção dos usuários em relação ao sistema. Ao invés de atribuir razões para o comportamento dos usuários ou estabelecer regras gerais que governem seus hábitos, pretendeu-se compreender as motivações e percepções dos próprios usuários. Para tanto, procurou-se adentrar no universo dos usuários por meio da coleta de dados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade. Resultados. Encontrou-se resultados de natureza compreensiva e descritiva, trazendo considerações relevantes acerca do SIEX/UFMG e da extensão na Universidade. Conclusões. A pesquisa revelou que o uso do SIEX/UFMG vai além de suas funções básicas e permitiu compreender a percepção dos usuários em relação à extensão universitária.
A mediação cultural na biblioteca escolar
Authors: Salcedo Diego Andrés , Melo de Freitas Alves Riane
Published: February 2015

Inúmeras são as bibliotecas escolares e muitos são os jovens estudantes que precisam frequentá-la para o auxílio em suas atividades ou para simplesmente ter um local silencioso para a concentração. Mas a biblioteca escolar pode ter muito mais a oferecer. O bibliotecário pode trabalhar como mediador e levar àquele ambiente, diversas atividades para o aperfeiçoamento do processo de aprendizagem cultural daquele público. A mediação cultural pode ser feita sob diversas formas, levando peças, pinturas, exposições das mais variadas formas a este local, tornando-se assim, um dispositivo cultural. E tão importante para o funcionamento deste dispositivo, é a interação das equipes ligadas à mediação. Um espaço físico adequado e mediadores conectados com o mundo atual são alguns dos fatores para a elaboração de uma boa mediação. A biblioteca escolar é analisada como um meio em que a cultura (seja ela qual for) é encaminhada para esse público tão curioso, que possui a mente aberta para entrada de conhecimentos diversos, e consequentemente, indivíduos culturalmente ricos serão criados.
Las facultades de documentación 2.0: El caso español
Authors: Villanueva Mateo Juan Carlos , Martínez Solís Lorena
Published: February 2015

El presente trabajo analiza el uso que las facultades de documentación españolas hacen de las redes sociales a la hora de compartir contenidos con sus estudiantes, ya sean reales o potenciales. Los resultados obtenidos permiten observar que en general no hay un uso demasiado profuso de las herramientas 2.0, y que los centros de enseñanza que sí las utilizan suelen decantarse por la aplicación Facebook.
Occurrence of Macular Hematoma after Ranibizumab Treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Azar Georges , Mauget-Faÿsse Martine , Nyouma Jasmine , Cohen Salomon Yves , Coscas Florence , Français-Maury Catherine , Souied Eric , Soubrane Gisèle
Published: February 2015

Purpose

To report the occurrence and study the characteristics of macular hematoma after ranibizumab (anti-VEGF) intravitreal injection for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods

The charts of 6000 patients treated with ranibizumab (0.5 mg) for exudative AMD were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were a minimum follow-up of 1 year after the first injection and the occurrence of a large macular hematoma involving the fovea in patients with macular lesions considered stabilized or still active. All patients had a complete ophthalmologic assessment including Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity (VA) measurement, fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy–infracyanine green angiography, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Results

Of the 6000 eyes, 24 (0.4%) developed macular hematoma during follow-up. There were 8 men (33.3%) and 16 women (66.7%). The mean age at the time of initial presentation was 76.7 ± 3.8 years (range 61-81 years). The mean time to occurrence of macular hematoma after the last injection was 4.8 months. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed the presence of a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear in 19 eyes (79.1%). Vitreomacular traction (VMT) was only present in 4 eyes (17%). Final VA after macular hematoma resorption was <20/50 in 17 cases (70.9%) and ≥20/50 in 7 cases (29.1%).

Conclusions

Macular hematoma may follow intravitreal anti-VEGF injection for exudative AMD with large occult neovascularization, especially if a large RPE tear is found. The occurrence does not seem to be linked to anticoagulation treatment or the presence of VMT.
The use of Pentacam in the Assessment of True Exfoliation of the Lens Capsule
Authors: Chamney Sarah M , Hughes Marie E , Sinton Janet E
Published: February 2015

Purpose

To highlight the use of Pentacam in the identification of true exfoliation of the lens capsule.

Methods

A 72-year-old woman presented for assessment of bilateral cataracts. An unusual appearance was noted in the right eye. A scrolled membrane was seen floating in the anterior chamber.

Results

Imaging with Pentacam showed its origin to be from the anterior lens capsule, suggesting the diagnosis of true exfoliation of the lens capsule. The patient went on to have uncomplicated cataract surgery and the lens capsule was sent for histopathology.

Conclusions

This case highlights the use of anterior segment imaging, the classic histopathology findings, and the management of cataract surgery in these rare cases.
Investigation of Phacoemulsification on Exfoliation Syndrome Combined Cataract with Different Nuclear Hardness
Authors: Jiang Yongxiang , Zhang Fan , Gao Wei , Tuerhongjiang Maimaiti , Lu Yi
Published: February 2015

Purpose

We investigated the clinical staging and management of cataracts to decrease the incidence of complications of phacoemulsification and improve the postoperative visual function of patients with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) with cataract.

Methods

Cataracts with XFS were divided into early, middle, and late stages using the Emery-Little lens opacities classification system. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were performed in all eyes. The incidences of intraoperative and early postoperative complications of phacoemulsification were compared, and differences in the outcomes of phacoemulsification were evaluated.

Results

There were 23, 31, and 34 eyes with early-, middle- and late-stage XFS, respectively. The mean ultrasound time, cumulative dissipated energy, and incidence of moderate to severe corneal edema and wound burn in the late-stage group were significantly higher than in the early- and middle-stage groups (p<0.05). The incidence of zonular dehiscence, capsular rupture, vitreous loss, and iritis were not significant among the 3 groups (p>0.05). Intraocular pressure rise in the early postoperative period and the level of optic atrophy in the late-stage group were significantly higher than in the other 2 groups (p<0.05). The gain in visual acuity in the early- and middle-stage groups after surgery was better than in the late-stage group of XFS, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The clinical staging of cataract with XFS contributed to the choice of operation time and its management. Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in early- and middle-stage XFS induced fewer complications and led to better recovery of visual function after surgery.
Is a Ceramic-on-Ceramic Bearing Really Superior to Ceramic-on-Polyethylene for Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Si Hai-bo , Zeng Yi , Cao Fei , Pei Fu-xing , Shen Bin
Published: February 2015

Introduction

The outcomes of using a ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) vs ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP) bearing surface for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) are much debated. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to compare and evaluate the outcomes of these 2 bearing surfaces.

Materials and Methods

Electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, CENTRAL, Embase and Web of Science) were systematically searched for RCTs investigating the association between bearing surfaces and outcomes following primary THA. Two investigators independently reviewed studies for eligibility, assessed the risk of bias, extracted and analysed the data.

Results

In total, 13 RCTs including a total of 2,488 THAs were identified. The Harris Hip Score appeared to be similar between CoC and CoP THAs. The acetabular liner wear rate was lower in CoC than CoP THA, but the meta-analysis showed that the incidence of component-related noise and overall ceramic fracture in CoC group were 14.73 times and 6.02 times higher than CoP THA, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in rates of radiolucent line formation (>1 mm), osteolysis, loosening, revision with follow-up ≥ 5 years, intraoperative femoral fracture, dislocation, deep infection, deep venous thrombosis and leg length discrepancy between CoC and CoP THAs.

Conclusions

There appears to be no clear evidence favouring the use of either a CoC or CoP bearing surfaces in primary THA, further studies with high-quality and longer term follow-up to provide more evidence on this topic are still required.
Development of Breast Cancer Therapy: Biomarker-Driven and Response-Guided Approaches in a Neoadjuvant Setting
Authors: Toi Masakazu , Masuda Norikazu , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Saji Shigehira , Ohno Shinji , Chow Louis W.C.
Published: February 2015

A therapeutic strategy, biomarker-driven and response-guided approach has been investigated in cancer therapy where the treatment targets heterogeneous and unstable disease. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, for instance, is indicated based on tumor stage and subtype and its therapeutic outcomes like pathological responses are associated with the long-term prognostic probability in subgroups such as hormone receptor (HR) negative and HR-positive patients with high-grade cancers. Therefore, it would be reasonable to consider a treatment plan according to the short-time response in the stratified subgroups. It is also applicable for new therapy development, and in fact many clinical trials are under investigation in the post-neoadjuvant setting. In order to increase the therapeutic efficacy, it is recognized as necessary to incorporate biomarkers that enable us to classify conventional subtypes further including genetic mutations and epigenetic phenotypes into the planning of treatment. It is also crucial to analyze tumor biology particularly tumor evolution in the metastasis and the clonal selection by the treatment in these clinical settings.
Triangular Geometrized Sampling Heuristics for Fast Optimal Motion Planning
Authors: Qureshi Ahmed Hussain , Mumtaz Saba , Ayaz Yasar , Hasan Osman , Muhammad Mannan Saeed , Mahmood Muhammad Tariq
Published: February 2015

Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT)-based algorithms have become increasingly popular due to their lower computational complexity as compared with other path planning algorithms. The recently presented RRT* motion planning algorithm improves upon the original RRT algorithm by providing optimal path solutions. While RRT determines an initial collision-free path fairly quickly, RRT* guarantees almost certain convergence to an optimal, obstacle-free path from the start to the goal points for any given geometrical environment. However, the main limitations of RRT* include its slow processing rate and high memory consumption, due to the large number of iterations required for calculating the optimal path. In order to overcome these limitations, we present another improvement, i.e, the Triangular Geometerized-RRT* (TG-RRT*) algorithm, which utilizes triangular geometrical methods to improve the performance of the RRT* algorithm in terms of the processing time and a decreased number of iterations required for an optimal path solution. Simulations comparing the performance results of the improved TG-RRT* with RRT* are presented to demonstrate the overall improvement in performance and optimal path detection.
Obstacle Avoidance Path Planning of Planar Redundant Manipulators Using Workspace Density
Authors: Dong Hui , Du Zhijiang
Published: February 2015

This paper presents a new approach to generate the workspace of planar redundant manipulators based on the workspace density of a single link. The workspace density of planar serial redundant manipulators can be computed efficiently by using the concept of the Fourier transform for the group of rigid-body motions of the plane and the convolution theorem. For manipulators using discrete actuation, it is important to study not only the shape of the workspace, but also the density of reachable poses in the workspace. In this paper, we focus on using the workspace density to calculate collision-free paths in complex environments with multiple obstacles in the workspace of the manipulator. This paper presents the algorithm and demonstrates it effectiveness using simulation results.
Integration of the Multi-DOA Estimation Functionality to Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: Rascon Caleb , Meza Ivan , Fuentes Gibran , Salinas Lisset , Pineda Luis A.
Published: February 2015

Sound source localization is important in human interaction, such as in locating the origin of long-distance calls or facing other humans while in a conversation. It is of interest to apply such functionality to the core of human-robot interaction (HRI) and investigate its benefits, if any. In this paper, we propose three strategies for how to integrate the functionality of multiple directions-of-arrival (multi-DOA) estimation with a common scenario, in which the robot acts as a waiter while applying audio source localization. The proposed strategies are: a) the robot locates calls from users at a relatively long distance; b) the robot faces the user when taking the order; and c) the robot announces whether the acoustic environment is not conducive to understanding a speech command (mainly where more than one user speaks at once). It was seen that users react favourably to the functionality, and that it even has a noticeable influence on the success of the interaction.
Improvement and Quantification of Spatial Accessibility and Disturbance Responsiveness of Shoulder Prosthesis
Authors: Sekine Masashi , Xie Le , Kawamura Kazuya , Yu Wenwei
Published: February 2015

Transhumeral and shoulder disarticulation amputees find it difficult to move their prostheses for goal-oriented movement using only their small residual limbs. Thus, spatial accessibility is especially important for shoulder prostheses. Moreover, because responding to external disturbances and absorbing impact using only the viscoelasticity and flexibility of the small residual limb is difficult, the intrinsic viscoelasticity of the shoulder prosthesis is indispensable for safety. In our previous work, we proposed a small pneumatic elastic actuator-driven parallel link mechanism for shoulder prostheses. In this paper, we propose two new devices, a sliding antagonistic mechanism and a soft backbone, to improve the spatial characteristics and disturbance responsiveness. We quantitatively evaluated a prosthetic arm with the two devices. The results showed that the two devices increased the arm's workspace and disturbance responsiveness.
Increasing-Chord Graphs On Point Sets
Authors: Dehkordi Hooman , Frati Fabrizio , Gudmundsson Joachim
Published: February 2015

We tackle the problem of constructing increasing-chord graphs spanning point sets. We prove that, for every point set P with n points, there exists an increasing-chord planar graph with O(n) Steiner points spanning P. The main intuition behind this result is that Gabriel triangulations are increasing-chord graphs, a fact which might be of independent interest. Further, we prove that, for every convex point set P with n points, there exists an increasing-chord graph with O(n logn) edges (and with no Steiner points) spanning P.
Le lieu agricole périurbain : un analyseur de la complexité des constructions territoriales entre actions politiques, débats publics et pratiques spatiales
Authors: Clément Camille
Published: February 2015

Cet article a pour objectif d’éclairer la complexité des constructions et appropriations territoriales à partir de l’étude croisée des actions politiques, débats publics et pratiques spatiales de la communauté de communes du Pays de Lunel (Languedoc). En cours de périurbanisation, ce territoire mise sur son ancrage agricole et rural pour se différencier des agglomérations en expansion de Montpellier et de Nîmes. C’est donc par la thématique agricole qu’une étude qualitative du SCOT (Schéma de Cohérence Territoriale), d’un projet de circuits courts et d’un pôle oenotouristique (actions politiques) ont été étudiés afin de saisir cinq débats publics (étude de la presse régionale et intercommunautaire) qui sont directement en lien avec les choix politiques réalisés par cette instance territoriale. Au final, l’étude montre que ces actions politiques et débats publics doivent être mis en relation avec les pratiques spatiales observées dans le territoire. Ce n’est qu’à l’échelle du lieu agricole périurbain que ces trois notions s’alimentent mutuellement afin de montrer la complexité des appropriations territoriales, appropriations par le politique (actions politiques et débats publics) et appropriations par la pratique.
Les facteurs cognitifs de l’objectivation du territoire : relations épistémiques et représentations dans la gestion de l’eau en Camargue
Authors: Allouche Aurélien
Published: February 2015

Cet article aborde la problématique du territoire selon une perspective émergente en sociologie, l’étude des dimensions cognitives et épistémiques de la gouvernance et de la démocratie participative. Il se concentre sur le travail collectif d’objectivation du territoire rendu nécessaire par sa gestion collective pour interroger l’intégration des représentations des habitants et des savoirs profanes au processus de décision. En considérant les propriétés épistémiques et cognitives de l’objectivation, l’auteur identifie deux processus limitant l’intégration des connaissances profanes et des représentations locales à la définition du territoire de projet : la dynamique des relations épistémiques et les modalités d’apprentissage organisationnel sous forme de règle de gestion. L’article prend pour cas d’étude la gestion collective de l’eau en Camargue (France, Bouches-du-Rhône) et s’appuie sur l’observation sociologique d’une commission participative réalisée de 2009 à 2012.
Gouverner la complexité? Étude du paysage comme expérience de gouvernance pour les acteurs publics locaux (Blois, Nevers, France)
Authors: Voisin Lolita
Published: February 2015

Cet article propose d’interroger les processus de construction d’une action publique territorialisée. À partir du cas de trois villes moyennes françaises, l’article souligne la mobilisation d’un sujet particulier par les acteurs publics locaux : le paysage. Pourquoi et comment le paysage est-il mobilisé? En observant les pratiques et les discours des acteurs, c’est l’organisation territoriale en construction qui apparaît en filigrane, notamment à travers les communautés d’agglomération. L’article se propose d’ouvrir de nouveaux questionnements concernant la capacité du paysage à gouverner la complexité des phénomènes spatiaux contemporains et des attentes sociales et politiques démultipliées.
L’Économie turquoise, entre territoire de projet politique et représentations territoriales différenciées : le devoir d’articulation
Authors: Bourhis Marion
Published: February 2015

Bien souvent convoqué comme support de mobilisation de l’action collective, le territoire n’en est pas moins polysémique dans sa définition. Le Conseil Général des Côtes-d’Armor en tant que collectivité territoriale et puissance publique s’appuie sur le territoire administratif relevant de sa prérogative pour mettre en oeuvre sa démarche Économie turquoise. Cette dernière a pour objectif de réaffirmer et de renforcer l’ambition maritime des Côtes-d’Armor tout en promouvant une diversification économique se basant sur une gestion intégrée de l’espace et des ressources maritimes et littorales. Or, bien que le Conseil général soit perçu comme légitime, en tant que puissance publique, pour intervenir; le choix du territoire d’intervention a bien souvent été posé par les acteurs, qu’ils participent ou non à la démarche. En nous basant sur nos travaux de recherche, nous analyserons les raisons de ce décalage et démontrerons comment ce dernier peut être dépassé grâce à une action publique pensée dans une perspective interterritoriale.
Regard d’artistes sur le territoire : Balle perdue, une visite-performance de Dector et Dupuy
Authors: Le Thomas Claire
Published: February 2015

Balle perdue est une performance réalisée par deux artistes, Dector et Dupuy, en 2014. Il s’agit d’une visite guidée des quinze kilomètres compris entre Caen et la Manche. Au moyen du concept d’objet d’art-lieu théorisé par Anne Volvey, cet article analyse les effets de cette oeuvre sur la perception spatiale des spectateurs et la manière dont elle fabrique du territoire, interrogeant en retour la complexité de cette notion en géographie.
Active and latent tuberculosis among HIV‐positive injecting drug users in Indonesia
Authors: Meijerink Hinta , Wisaksana Rudi , Lestari Mery , Meilana Intan , Chaidir Lydia , van der Ven Andre JAM , Alisjahbana Bachti , van Crevel Reinout
Published: February 2015

Introduction

Injecting drug use (IDU) is associated with tuberculosis but few data are available from low‐income settings. We examined IDU in relation to active and latent tuberculosis (LTBI) among HIV‐positive individuals in Indonesia, which has a high burden of tuberculosis and a rapidly growing HIV epidemic strongly driven by IDU.

Methods

Active tuberculosis was measured prospectively among 1900 consecutive antiretroviral treatment (ART)‐naïve adult patients entering care in a clinic in West Java. Prevalence of LTBI was determined cross‐sectionally in a subset of 518 ART‐experienced patients using an interferon‐gamma release assay.

Results

Patients with a history of IDU (53.1%) more often reported a history of tuberculosis treatment (34.8% vs. 21.9%, p<0.001), more often received tuberculosis treatment during follow‐up (adjusted HR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.25–2.35) and more often had bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis (OR=1.67; 95% CI: 0.94–2.96). LTBI was equally prevalent among people with and without a history of IDU (29.1 vs. 30.4%, NS). The risk estimates did not change after adjustment for CD4 cell count or ART.

Conclusions

HIV‐positive individuals with a history of IDU in Indonesia have more active tuberculosis, with similar rates of LTBI. Within the HIV clinic, LTBI screening and isoniazid preventive therapy may be prioritized to patients with a history of IDU.
Muscling in on the third dimension
Authors: Afshar Bakooshli Mohsen , Gilbert Penney M
Published: February 2015

The development of a functional three-dimensional model of human skeletal muscle tissue could accelerate progress towards new and personalized treatments for skeletal muscle disorders.
Transient response of Salix cuttings to changing water level regimes
Authors: Gorla L. , Signarbieux C. , Turberg P. , Buttler A. , Perona P.
Published: February 2015

Sustainable water management requires an understanding of the effects of flow regulation on riparian ecomorphological processes. We investigated the transient response of Salix viminalis by examining the effect of water‐level regimes on its above‐ground and below‐ground biomass. Four sets of Salix cuttings, three juveniles (in the first growing season) and one mature (1 year old), were planted and initially grown under the same water‐level regime for 1 month. We imposed three different water‐level regime treatments representing natural variability, a seasonal trend with no peaks, and minimal flow (characteristic of hydropower) consisting of a constant water level and natural flood peaks. We measured sap flux, stem water potential, photosynthesis, growth parameters, and final root architecture. The mature cuttings were not affected by water table dynamics, but the juveniles displayed causal relationships between the changing water regime, plant growth, and root distribution during a 2 month transient period. For example, a 50% drop in mean sap flux corresponded with a −1.5 Mpa decrease in leaf water potential during the first day after the water regime was changed. In agreement with published field observations, the cuttings concentrated their roots close to the mean water table of the corresponding treatment, allowing survival under altered conditions and resilience to successive stress events. Juvenile development was strongly impacted by the minimum flow regime, leading to more than 60% reduction of both above‐ground and below‐ground biomass, with respect to the other treatments. Hence, we suggest avoiding minimum flow regimes where Salix restoration is prioritized.
Anirdia‐like phenotype caused by 6p25 dosage aberrations
Authors: Arcot Sadagopan Karthikeyan , Liu Grace T. , Capasso Jenina E. , Wuthisiri Wadakarn , Keep Rosanne B. , Levin Alex V.
Published: February 2015

Axenfeld–Rieger spectrum (ARS) includes the anterior segment abnormalities posterior embryotoxon, irido‐corneal adhesions, corectopia, and other abnormalities of pupil size and shape. Glaucoma occurs in approximately 50% of affected children. It is often caused by mutations of FOXC1 or PITX2. Timing of expression and dosage of these transcription factors appear to be very critical in the development of the anterior segment. We report on one child with a deletion and another with a duplication involving 6p25, causing an anirdia‐like phenotype. Classic anirdia is a pan‐ophthalmic disorder caused by heterozygous mutations involving the paired homeobox gene PAX6 at 11p13. It is often associated with optic nerve hypoplasia, foveal hypoplasia, corneal pannus, nystagmus, and cataract. Microdeletion of 11p13 may be associated with life threatening Wilms tumor. Distinguishing these two syndromes has critical implications for prognosis and treatment. We demonstrate how chromosomal microarray can be instrumental in differentiating these phenotypes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial MEF2C deletion in a Cypriot patient with severe intellectual disability and a jugular fossa malformation: Review of the literature
Authors: Tanteles George A. , Alexandrou Angelos , Evangelidou Paola , Gavatha Marina , Anastasiadou Violetta , Sismani Carolina
Published: February 2015

Deletions or intragenic mutations involving the MEF2C gene on chromosome 5q14.3 have generally been associated with a relatively uniform phenotype characterized by severe developmental delay, absent speech, stereotypies, absent or limited gait abilities, lack of a typical facial gestalt and scarcity of major malformations. We report on a patient of Cypriot descent with a de novo, approximately 147 kb in size, partial MEF2C deletion removing exons 1 to 3. He had a history of severe intellectual disability with absent speech, poor eye contact, hand stereotypies and a wide‐based gait. A broad‐based, shallow jugular pit with an overlying vascular malformation was also present. Partial MEF2C deletions have only been reported in a very small number of patients and have on occasion been associated with relatively milder phenotypes. We present a patient of Cypriot descent with such a deletion and review previously published literature on partial MEF2C gene deletions postulating a key role of the first few exons in the pathogenesis of the disease. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ruthenium as a Single Catalyst for Two Steps: One‐Pot Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Dihydroquinazolinones and Cross‐Coupling/Annulation to give N‐Fused Polycyclic Heteroarenes
Authors: Lingayya Rajaka , Vellakkaran Mari , Nagaiah Kommu , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu
Published: February 2015

One single catalyst, [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2, was used for oxidative dehydrogenation followed by cross‐coupling/annulation reactions to access diversely decorated N‐fused polycyclic heteroarenes from dihydroquinazolinones and alkynes. This one‐pot method does not require purification of intermediates or addition of copper salts. The synergistic use of molecular oxygen as the oxidant highlights the sustainable aspect of this method.
Incorporating ecology and social system into formal hypotheses to guide field studies of color vision in primates
Authors: Bunce John A.
Published: February 2015

The X‐linked gene polymorphism responsible for the variable color vision of most Neotropical monkeys and some lemurs is thought to be maintained by balancing selection, such that trichromats have an advantage over dichromats for some ecologically important task(s). However, evidence for such an advantage in wild primate populations is equivocal. The purpose of this study is to refine a hypothesis for a trichromat advantage by tailoring it to the ecology of territorial primates with female natal dispersal, such that dispersing trichromatic females have a foraging and, by extension, survival advantage over dichromats. I then examine the most practical way to test this hypothesis using field data. Indirect evidence in support of the hypothesis may take the form of differences in genotype frequencies among life stages and differences in disperser food item encounter rates. A deterministic evolutionary matrix population model and a stochastic model of food patch encounter rates are constructed to investigate the magnitude of such differences and the likelihood of statistical detection using field data. Results suggest that, although the sampling effort required to detect the hypothesized genotype frequency differences is impractical, a field study of reasonable scope may be able to detect differences in disperser foraging rates. This study demonstrates the utility of incorporating socioecological details into formal hypotheses during the planning stages of field studies of primate color vision. Am. J. Primatol. 77:516–526, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Role of the Detergent Micelle in Preserving the Structure of Membrane Proteins in the Gas Phase
Authors: Reading Eamonn , Liko Idlir , Allison Timothy M. , Benesch Justin L. P. , Laganowsky Arthur , Robinson Carol V.
Published: February 2015

Despite the growing importance of the mass spectrometry of membrane proteins, it is not known how their transfer from solution into vacuum affects their stability and structure. To address this we have carried out a systematic investigation of ten membrane proteins solubilized in different detergents and used mass spectrometry to gain physicochemical insight into the mechanism of their ionization and desolvation. We show that the chemical properties of the detergents mediate the charge state, both during ionization and detergent removal. Using ion mobility mass spectrometry, we monitor the conformations of membrane proteins and show how the surface charge density dictates the stability of folded states. We conclude that the gas‐phase stability of membrane proteins is increased when a greater proportion of their surface is lipophilic and is consequently protected by the physical presence of the micelle.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Remote β‐CH Functionalization of Amines Triggered by Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes: One‐Pot Synthesis of Bistrifluoromethylated Enamides and Oxazoles
Authors: Yu Peng , Zheng Sheng‐Cai , Yang Ning‐Yuan , Tan Bin , Liu Xin‐Yuan
Published: February 2015

An unprecedented phosphine‐catalyzed remote β‐CH functionalization of amine derivatives triggered by trifluoromethylation of an alkene with Togni’s reagent was disclosed. This reaction proceeded through the highly selective and concomitant activation of an unactivated alkene and the β‐CH bond of an amine derivative, providing bistrifluoromethylated enamides in excellent yields with good regio‐, chemo‐, and stereoselectivity. Furthermore, the newly developed one‐pot protocol provides a facile and step‐economical access to valuable trisubstituted 5‐(trifluoromethyl)oxazoles. Mechanistic studies showed that this reaction may initiate with a novel phosphine‐catalyzed radical trifluoromethylation of unactivated alkene via a phosphorus radical cation.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed α′‐Functionalization of Silylenol Ethers with Indoles
Authors: Ayala Caitlan E. , Dange Nitin S. , Fronczek Frank R. , Kartika Rendy
Published: February 2015

A new method which enables carbon–carbon bond formation at the α′‐position of silylenol ethers by using catalytic amounts of pyridinium triflate is reported. This chemistry successfully produces, structurally challenging, highly substituted indole‐containing silylenol ethers in excellent yields with complete regiocontrol, presumably through silyloxyallyl cation intermediates. Despite the use of Brønsted acid, the silylenol ether moiety does not undergo protodesilylation, thus underscoring the very mild reaction conditions.
Regioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Methoxycarbonylation of Alkenes Using both Paraformaldehyde and Methanol as CO Surrogates
Authors: Liu Qiang , Yuan Kedong , Arockiam Percia‐Beatrice , Franke Robert , Doucet Henri , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2015

In recent years, considerable effort has focused on the development of novel carbonylative transformations using CO surrogates. Consequently, toxic CO gas can be replaced by more convenient inorganic or organic carbonyl compounds. Herein, the first regioselective methoxycarbonylation of alkenes with paraformaldehyde and methanol as CO substitutes is reported. This new procedure is applicable to a series of alkenes in the presence of a palladium catalyst under relatively mild conditions and is highly atom efficient.
Free‐Standing Gold‐Nanoparticle Monolayer Film Fabricated by Protein Self‐Assembly of α‐Synuclein
Authors: Lee Junghee , Bhak Ghibom , Lee Ji‐Hye , Park Woohyun , Lee Minwoo , Lee Daekyun , Jeon Noo Li , Jeong Dae H. , Char Kookheon , Paik Seung R.
Published: February 2015

Free‐standing nanoparticle films are of great importance for developing future nano‐electronic devices. We introduce a protein‐based fabrication strategy of free‐standing nanoparticle monolayer films. α‐Synuclein, an amyloidogenic protein, was utilized to yield a tightly packed gold‐nanoparticle monolayer film interconnected by protein β‐sheet interactions. Owing to the stable protein–protein interaction, the film was successfully expanded to a 4‐inch diameter sheet, which has not been achieved with any other free‐standing nanoparticle monolayers. The film was flexible in solution, so it formed a conformal contact, surrounding even microspheres. Additionally, the monolayer film was readily patterned at micrometer‐scale and thus unprecedented double‐component nanoparticle films were fabricated. Therefore, the free‐floating gold‐nanoparticle monolayer sheets with these properties could make the film useful for the development of bio‐integrated nano‐devices and high‐performance sensors.
Antibacterial functionalization of cotton fabrics by electric‐beam irradiation
Authors: Liu Yin , Jiang Zhiming , Li Jing , Liu Ying , Ren Xuehong , Huang Tung‐Shi
Published: February 2015

An N‐halamine precursor monomer, 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl acrylate (TMPA), was synthesized and successfully grafted onto cotton fibers via an impregnation process (IP) and electron‐beam irradiation (EB). The grafted cotton fibers could provide antibacterial efficacy after chlorination through a dilute sodium hypochlorite solution. The antibacterial efficacy was challenged against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The cotton fibers grafted with TMPA and acrylic acid by EB inactivated all of the bacteria within 30 min of contact, whereas the samples grafted with TMPA via an IP could not completely kill the bacteria with 60 min. The breaking strength and UVA light stability also improved significantly. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42023.
Early Knee Osteoarthritis Is Evident One Year Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation
Authors: Culvenor Adam G. , Collins Natalie J. , Guermazi Ali , Cook Jill L. , Vicenzino Bill , Khan Karim M. , Beck Naomi , van Leeuwen Janneke , Crossley Kay M.
Published: February 2015

Objective

To determine the prevalence and factors associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA) defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and specific OA features on MRI 1 year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Methods

Isotropic 3.0T MRI scans were obtained for 111 participants (71 men; mean ± SD age 30 ± 8 years) 1 year after ACLR as well as for 20 age‐, sex‐, and activity level–matched uninjured controls. The MRI OA Knee Score was used to score specific OA features. MRI‐defined tibiofemoral and patellofemoral OA was evaluated based on published criteria. Logistic regression identified factors associated with MRI‐defined OA and specific OA features after ACLR.

Results

Following ACLR, medial and lateral tibiofemoral OA on MRI was observed in 7 participants (6%) and 12 participants (11%), respectively, while 19 participants (17%) had patellofemoral OA on MRI. The femoral trochlea was the region most affected by bone marrow lesions (19% of participants), cartilage lesions (31% of participants), and osteophytes (37% of participants). Meniscectomy at the time of ACLR (odds ratio 6.8 [95% confidence interval 2.0–23.3]) and body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2 (odds ratio 3.0 [95% confidence interval 1.3–6.9]) predicted MRI‐defined tibiofemoral OA and osteophytes, respectively. Men had higher odds of patellofemoral osteophytes (odds ratio 6.3 [95% confidence interval 2.4–16.2]). No uninjured controls had tibiofemoral or patellofemoral OA on MRI, and specific OA features were uncommon.

Conclusion

OA 1 year following ACLR was more common than previously recognized, while being absent in uninjured control knees. The patellofemoral compartment seems to be at particular risk for early OA after ACLR, especially in men. The association with meniscectomy and BMI demonstrates the construct validity of MRI criteria.
Rapid method for the quantification of hydroquinone concentration: chemiluminescent analysis
Authors: Chen Tung‐Sheng , Liou Show‐Yih , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Wu Hsi‐Chin , Jong Gwo‐Ping , Wang Hsueh‐Fang , Shen Chia‐Yao , Padma V. Vijaya , Huang Chih‐Yang , Chang Yen‐Lin
Published: February 2015

Topical hydroquinone serves as a skin whitener and is usually available in cosmetics or on prescription based on the hydroquinone concentration. Quantification of hydroquinone content therefore becomes an important issue in topical agents. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the commonest method for determining hydroquinone content in topical agents, but this method is time‐consuming and uses many solvents that can become an environmental issue. We report a rapid method for quantifying hydroquinone content by chemiluminescent analysis. Hydroquinone induces the production of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of basic compounds. Hydrogen peroxide induced by hydroquinone oxidized light‐emitting materials such as lucigenin, resulted in the production of ultra‐weak chemiluminescence that was detected by a chemiluminescence analyzer. The intensity of the chemiluminescence was found to be proportional to the hydroquinone concentration. We suggest that the rapid (measurement time, 60 s) and virtually solvent‐free (solvent volume, <2 mL) chemiluminescent method described here for quantifying hydroquinone content may be an alternative to HPLC analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luminescence properties of green‐emitting Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphor by a solid‐state reaction method
Authors: Sahu Ishwar Prasad , Bisen D. P. , Brahme Nameeta
Published: February 2015

A europium (Eu)‐doped di‐calcium magnesium di‐silicate phosphor, Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+, was prepared using a solid‐state reaction method. The phase structure, particle size, surface morphology, elemental analysis, different stretching mode and luminescence properties were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and mechanoluminescence (ML). The phase structure of Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ was an akermanite‐type structure, which belongs to the tetragonal crystallography with space group P4̅21m; this structure is a member of the melilite group and forms a layered compound. The surface of the prepared phosphor was not found to be uniform and particle distribution was in the nanometer range. EDX and FTIR confirm the components of Eu2+‐doped Ca2MgSi2O7 phosphor. Under UV excitation, the main emission peak appeared at 530 nm, belonging to the broad emission ascribed to the 4f65d1→4f7 transition of Eu2+. The ML intensity of the prepared phosphor increased linearly with increasing impact velocity. A CIE color chromaticity diagram and ML spectrum confirmed that the prepared Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ phosphor would emit green color and the ML spectrum was similar to that of PL, which indicated that ML is emitted from the same center of Eu2+ ions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.