bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental dependency of ectomycorrhizal fungi as soil organic matter oxidizers
Authors: Chen Qiuyu , Strashnov Ilya , van Dongen Bart , Johnson David , Cox Filipa
Published: October 2024

Forest soils play a pivotal role as global carbon (C) sinks, where the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) are significantly influenced by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. While correlations between ECM fungal community composition and soil C storage have been documented, the underlying mechanisms behind this remain unclear.

Here, we conducted controlled experiments using pure cultures growing on naturally complex SOM extracts to test how ECM fungi regulate soil C and nitrogen (N) dynamics in response to varying inorganic N availability, in both monoculture and mixed culture conditions.

ECM species dominant in N‐poor soils exhibited superior SOM decay capabilities compared with those prevalent in N‐rich soils. Inorganic N addition alleviated N limitation for ECM species but exacerbated their C limitation, reflected by reduced N compound decomposition and increased C compound decomposition. In mixed cultures without inorganic N supplementation, ECM species with greater SOM decomposition potential facilitated the persistence of less proficient SOM decomposers. Regardless of inorganic N availability, ECM species in mixed cultures demonstrated a preference for C over N, intensifying relatively labile C compound decomposition.

This study highlights the complex interactions between ECM species, their nutritional requirements, the nutritional environment of their habitat, and their role in modifying SOM.
Difference in urinary protein‐to‐creatinine ratio using the benzethonium chloride and pyrogallol red methods in children
Authors: Koide Rintaro , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Takahashi Satoko , Sakurai Ayako , Ueki Hideaki , Noguchi Yasushi , Suzuki Shigeru , Harita Yutaka , Igarashi Shunji
Published: October 2024

Background

The appropriate reference value of the urinary protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (PCR) for proteinuria may change when the urinary pyrogallol red (PR) protein assay method is changed to the benzethonium chloride method (BC). This study aimed to evaluate the difference between BC‐based PCR (BC‐PCR) and PR‐based PCR (PR‐PCR) values in children.

Methods

We compared the BC‐PCR and PR‐PCR values in the same first‐morning urine samples without significant proteinuria in school urine screening settings. The upper limit of the reference values was set at the 97.5th percentile.

Results

Notably, 133 samples from 124 individuals (female: 62%, age: median 12.3 years, range 6.3–16.9 years) were collected between August 2020 and October 2022. The diagnoses included 34 normal individuals and 99 with asymptomatic hematuria. The urinary protein (UP) concentrations measured using the BC (BC‐UP) and PR (PR‐UP) methods were in a linear relationship; however, the BC‐UP concentrations were higher than the PR‐UP concentrations (mean of differences: 11.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 11.0–13.4 mg/dL). Also, the BC‐PCR values were higher than the PR‐PCR values (mean of differences: 0.090, 95% CI: 0.082–0.098 g/gCr). The BC‐PCR showed a body‐size‐related decrease, reflecting a body‐size‐related urinary creatinine increase. The suggested BC‐PCR reference values for proteinuria were 0.25 and 0.17 g/gCr for elementary (6–12.4 years) and junior high school students (12.5–16 years), respectively. These values were higher than those of the PR‐PCR and need further studies.

Conclusions

When evaluating PCR results, the urinary protein assay should be stated.
From Hong Kong to the UK: A Community and Public Health Nursing Researcher's Reflections on an International Fellowship
Authors: Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline
Published: October 2024

Our globalized world means that most public health challenges cannot be tackled alone; they require unified and collaborative working across countries. Overseas fellowships offer an immersive experience that empowers nursing researchers to enhance global collaborations and synergize diverse research expertise from various cultural contexts. This enriched collaboration leads to more innovative solutions to public health issues and significantly enhances the overall impact of their research. This paper presents a self‐reflection from the perspective of a community and public health nursing researcher, based in Hong Kong. During a 2‐month research secondment at a university in the UK, I explored ways to leverage my fellowship to strengthen global connections, expand collaborations, and enhance my research capabilities in addressing health equity issues among LGBTQ+ populations, particularly concerning sexual violence. By sharing my journey, I aim to inspire more nursing researchers to engage with global academic communities and collectively advance global public health initiatives.
Ostracism as a threat to modern democracies: Evidence from 11 European countries
Authors: Bogatyreva Natalia , Albath Elianne A. , Greifeneder Rainer
Published: October 2024

Ostracism—being ignored and excluded—has been shown to fuel threats to democracies, including increased willingness to engage in violent actions, endorsement of partisan falsehoods, and belief in political conspiracy theories. Recently, low social belonging has been linked with lower voter turnout and increased populist party support, thus illustrating how an individual's social experiences may prove consequential for political processes. Importantly, low levels of belonging may originate from social ostracism, as ostracized individuals are denied social partaking by others. In a registered report, we analyzed large survey data including reported voting behavior in the past national election from 11 European countries, and we found that ostracism is associated with lower voter turnout. Ostracism was not connected to populist party vote, irrespective of their ideological orientation (far‐left vs. far‐right). The findings highlight the need to better understand and consider how individuals' social experiences are relevant in safeguarding modern democracies.
Who motivates? Longitudinal relationships among political discussions, interest, and efficacy for high school students with varying levels of political open‐mindedness
Authors: Wegemer Christopher M. , Levy Brett L. M.
Published: October 2024

Scholars acknowledge that adolescents' political discussions with peers and adults contribute to political development, yet longitudinal relationships between discussions and political motivation remain unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed data from students enrolled in government courses at three Midwestern high schools, who completed political engagement surveys at the beginning and end of the spring 2016 semester (N = 350; 47.8% Hispanic; 37.2% White; 53.7% male). Informed by theories of motivation and political socialization, we used cross‐lagged panel models to examine the longitudinal associations between the frequency of political discussions (with friends, classmates, teachers, and parents) and motivational constructs (political interest, internal and external political efficacy). Multigroup analyses examined differential effects for students with low, average, and high political open‐mindedness. Results indicated that frequency of political discussions with parents predicted later political motivation for adolescents with low open‐mindedness. Interest, internal and external political efficacy distinctively predicted types of discussions over time, with interest emerging as the most consistent predictor. Findings suggest that educational practices could better cultivate youth political motivation by considering fadeout effects for different types of conversational partners and tailoring discussions to suit adolescents' open‐mindedness.
Analysis of congressmembers' statements following George Floyd's death: Who apologizes and how does the public react?
Authors: Layous Kristin , Toosi Negin R. , Reevy Gretchen M.
Published: October 2024

Because political leaders have the power to shape policy and social norms surrounding important societal issues, we wondered what U.S. politicians said following George Floyd's death. We gathered, coded, and analyzed the first relevant formal statement from members of the U.S. Senate (Study 1a; N = 94) and House of Representatives (Study 1b; N = 355), and participants rated deidentified versions of these statements (Study 2; N = 317). Across the U.S. Senate and House samples, even after controlling for potential covariates, Democrats were more likely to acknowledge harm toward the Black community, express forbearance, and call to repair the system (elements of an apology) whereas Republicans were more likely to praise the system, praise police, and condemn violent protests. In Study 2, we found that statements by Democrats were viewed as more effective than those by Republicans, and Democratic congressmembers were viewed more favorably overall by a relatively liberal sample. These participant ratings were partially explained by the coded statement content. Future research would do well to continue to explore what leaders say in the wake of tragedy, how the public receives these statements, and whether these statements are linked to positive change.
The Effects of Cues to Ambient Darkness on Women's Willingness to Engage With Physically Strong Men
Authors: Brown Mitch , Wolfe Katherine , O'Neil Bridget A.
Published: October 2024

Despite the overall desirability of men's upper body strength, women's preference for such features remains bounded to contexts in which the benefits exceed the potential costs. The relative salience of these costs could be augmented within ostensibly threatening environments, which could include one of ambient darkness. This study sought to determine whether women's interest in strong men would become downregulated in the presence of these cues. A sample of sorority women reported their reactions to meeting a hypothetical man on campus who was manipulated to appear either strong or weak with the image manipulated to be either at night or during the day. Although women reported feeling more comfortable around the weak man in the dark compared to the strong man, no difference emerged in their evaluations of strong men during the day and night. These findings suggest that women functionally shift their interest in strong men based on environmental cues that could implicate men as costly.
Understanding Path‐Departing Changes in Childcare Policy: The Influence of Self‐Undermining Policy Feedback
Authors: Gurín Martin
Published: October 2024

The debate surrounding policy feedback and policy developments has long revolved around self‐reinforcing (positive) policy feedback. Recently, the literature has been enriched by a new research agenda that highlights the role of self‐undermining (negative) policy feedback, which is also argued to significantly influence the evolution of policies. This study contributes to the existing literature by examining changes in childcare policy, a field that has thus far primarily analysed and emphasised positive policy feedback. By analysing the case of South Korea, we demonstrate that childcare policy is a good candidate for both positive and negative policy feedback. Furthermore, it is the combination of these pieces of feedback that determines the evolution of childcare policy. Additionally, this study illustrates that inadequately addressed negative feedback may lead to unforeseen policy shifts, as exemplified in the Korean case by the introduction of the cash‐for‐care policy.
Divine foreknowledge, evidence and epistemic responsibility
Authors: Iwanicki Marcin , Karczewska Anna Maria
Published: October 2024

In several recent publications, John Martin Fischer proposed a new solution to the problem of divine foreknowledge, which he dubbed the bootstrapping view. On this view, God can have limited knowledge of contingent future based on a combination of (a) God's knowledge of inconclusive evidence about the contingent world available to humans and (b) divine self‐knowledge and more specifically God's knowledge of His essential infallibility. On the basis of the former, God obtains knowledge about contingent future, and by virtue of the latter, God bootstraps this knowledge to certainty. Fischer acknowledges that the mechanism of bootstrapping remains opaque to us, but maintains that his view offers a consistent model of God's limited foreknowledge of contingent future in an indeterministic world. The essay examines the bootstrapping view and some problems it gives rise to, as well as presents a related model of divine foreknowledge that is consistent and simpler and gives God comprehensive foreknowledge.
‘A wonderful day and a wonderful crossing!’: Internment (im)mobilities, ambivalence, and the residual tourist gaze in Second World War Britain
Authors: Holden Michael , Adey Peter
Published: October 2024

1940 saw the mass internment of so‐called ‘enemy aliens’ within Britain as a response to the rapid advance of Nazi forces on the continent; this meant that innocent civilians—including many who were already refugees from Nazism—were incarcerated in camps across the country, particularly within the tourist spaces of the Isle of Man. We do not seek to argue that internees simply experienced internment as being akin to a holiday, or that the overarching internment process itself shared any similarity with leisure time per se. Nonetheless, the appropriation of tourist infrastructures for use within the internment process contributed towards the presence of a lingering tourist gaze in a situation to which it should not, ostensibly pertain. A state of ambivalence may not accurately capture internment's effects—exclusion and imprisonment—but it certainly captured the dissonances experienced, how it was remembered (particularly with the passage of time), and how the internment camp's exceptional level of control was rendered much more fragile and complex (Katz 2015, p. 49, 84). We interrogate how residual touristic ways of seeing, infrastructures, practices and sensibilities, are evident in a variety of archival source material, contemporaneous newspaper articles, and eyewitness accounts, and consider the rhythms and practices of camp life, deportations abroad on ships such as the SS Arandora Star and the HMT Dunera, and the gaze of locals and the press. The holiday—as a geography of ideas, spaces, practices, movements and sensibilities—became a frame of reference, both by those in charge of the process, and the internees who had to make sense of it. We proffer an exploration of internment and ‘the holiday’ to the burgeoning geographies of camp and detainment spaces, (im)mobilities and their politics.
Sensitivity Analysis for Flow Stability of Axial Compressor Based on Meridional Flow
Authors: Sun Dakun , Ni Haoyu , Xu Dengke , Fang Yibo , Zhu Hengyi , Sun Xiaofeng
Published: October 2024

A sensitivity analysis method for flow stability of axial compressors based on meridional flow is proposed and employed to reveal the sensitive region of stability in the present article. The meridional stability model that transforms the stability problem into an eigenvalue problem enables flow stability to be quantitatively expressed by system eigenvalues. Using the eigenvalue representing the developing characteristics of the perturbations as the targeted parameter and incorporating the adjoint method and the induced boundary conditions, the sensitivity analysis method for the stability problem of the compressor based on meridional flow is established to identify sensitive regions in the flow field. In this study, a low-speed compressor stage at Beihang University, named TA36, is analyzed. The stability prediction model accurately predicts the stall margin and the sensitivity analysis of the base flow parameters reveals that the onset of the rotating stall is particularly sensitive to the blade tip region of the rotor. Meanwhile, the sensitivity analysis of the external source terms shows that applying specific control to the flow field near the tip of the blade can benefit the stall margin of the compressor. The theoretical method proposed in this work effectively identifies the positions of stability sensitivity, which provides valuable insights into understanding the unstable regions and mechanisms of stall inception in axial compressors. The sensitivity analysis to the external source term can guide the design of the flow control methods.
On Intake–Compressor Interactions Within an Integrated Propulsion System
Authors: Rademakers Rudolf. P. M. , Stößel Marcel , Kožulović Dragan , Niehuis Reinhard
Published: October 2024

The integration of a propulsion system into the airframe can contribute to the overall aircraft performance and is beneficial for military applications due to a reduction of the aircraft radar cross section. On the other hand, engine integration calls for serpentine engine intake systems in which generally combined pressure-swirl distortions are provoked, which affect the performance of the propulsion system. The military engine intake research duct was designed to provoke a large-scale flow separation as well as a combined pressure-swirl distortion. The serpentine research duct is tested in both a remote- and close-coupled setup with the Larzac 04 turbofan engine to assess the aerodynamic interactions between the flow within the intake duct and the compression system. The upstream effect of the compression system on the steady-state duct flow is within the range of expectations. Less is known from the open literature with regard to the unsteady character of the flow in such a setup. Three distinct unsteady flow phenomena caused by the serpentine shape of the duct are identified up- and downstream of the low pressure compressor in the remote-coupled setup. An additional distinct low frequency unsteadiness is provoked with a configuration which features vortex generators for flow control. All phenomena are largely attenuated by the upstream effect of the compressor in the close-coupled setup. Nonetheless, the surge margin is massively reduced due to the inflow distortion and stall cells within the first stage of the low pressure compressor are visualized at high thrust settings of both the remote- and close-coupled setup, which are expected to impact the durability of the compression system.
Short- and long-term stability of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on dried blood spots under different storage conditions
Authors: Meyers Eline , Coen Anja , Padalko Elizaveta , Cools Piet
Published: October 2024

Dried blood spots (DBS) are broadly used for different serological analyses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody assessment. In order to biobank DBS samples, an understanding of the preservation of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is needed. Therefore, we assessed the stability of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on DBS during short- and long-term storage under different storage temperatures. Seven sample donors were enrolled, each donating twenty 6 mm DBS to assess anti-spike (S1) SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (EUROIMMUN). Baseline samples were analyzed on the day of collection. The remainder of the samples was stored in grip seal bags kept in a cryobox at room temperature/4°C until 2 months after collection and at −20°C until 2 years after collection. Samples were analyzed at regular intervals within the total storage duration and after one and five freeze–thaw cycles. A pooled coefficient of variation was calculated for each storage temperature. We found that anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 antibodies collected on DBS saver cards remain stable during short-term storage at RT, 4°C, and −20°C (at least to 2 months) and long-term storage at −20°C (at least 2 years). Moreover, up to five freeze–thaw cycles can occur without impacting the anti-S1 SARS-CoV-2 antibody level. The inter-assay coefficient of variation lies between 10 and 15%. As DBS can be preserved for both shorter periods of time at RT and longer periods of time at −20°C, they are a perfect application for studies that require sample shipment by mail, self-sampling studies, studies in limited resource settings and biobanking.

IMPORTANCE

Dried blood spots (DBS) are currently widely used as a microsampling technique for different qualitative and quantitative serological assessments. Yet, there is a lack of long-term stability and storage condition studies. In our study, first, we assessed the stability of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies on DBS up to 2 years post-collection. We believe that our data are not only important for future COVID-19 research but also for studies on other infections/diseases using DBS-based serology.
Supplemental Material: Molybdenum isotopes demonstrate that multistage upgrading is required to generate heavy rare earth element–enriched carbonatites
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Chen , al. et
Published: October 2024

Table S1: Major and trace elements of the carbonatites from the Huanglongpu, Huayangchuan and Jialu carbonatites in Lesser Qinling. Table S2: The trace element modeling data for incremental melting of mantle source. 
Variable expressivity of Malan syndrome
Authors: Dutta Atanu Kumar
Published: October 2024

We describe the family of a patient with developmental delay, macrocephaly, dysmorphic facial features and autism. His mother also shared similar facial features and macrocephaly but not his neurobehavioural issues. Subsequently, both the child and his mother were found to have a heterozygous frameshift variant NFIX: c.34_41dupGGGATACC. The child and his mother had many features consistent with a genetic diagnosis of Malan syndrome. Therefore, this family highlighted the variable expressivity of Malan syndrome.
Value of cardiac enzyme spectrum for the risk assessment of mortality in critically ill children: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Wang Huabin , Chen Xueying , Shen Cheng , Wang Jie , Chen Chunmei , Huang Junbin , Ren Xueyun , Gan Lijun
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Identifying high-risk paediatric patients with a poor prognosis and providing timely and adequate treatment are critical. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different types of cardiac enzyme spectrum within 24 hours of admission on the short-term prognosis of patients in paediatric intensive care units.

Design

A retrospective study.

Setting

A single-centre, tertiary care hospital in China, with patient data from 2010 to 2018.

Participants

A total of 4343 critically ill children were enrolled.

Intervention

None.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The main outcome measure was in-hospital mortality, which was defined as death from any cause during hospitalisation. The secondary outcome was 30-day mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) and total LOS.

Results

Using the local polynomial regression fitting method, an approximately linear increase in in-hospital mortality was detected for creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Among the different types of cardiac enzyme spectrum, LDH had the highest area under the curve value (0.729), followed by AST (0.701), CK-MB (0.613) and CK (0.557). The Kaplan‒Meier analysis showed that the patients in the high LDH group had higher 30-day mortality. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that high LDH was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.84 to 3.24). After propensity score matching (PSM) and sensitivity analysis, the results remained consistent.

Conclusions

LDH is a reliable outcome predictor in critically ill children, including those with various comorbidities.
Study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of an online yoga intervention in high-grade glioma patients and their caregivers: the YINOTA-O-trial
Authors: Rabe Antonia , Keßler Almuth Friederike , Hagemann Carsten , Schubert Jörg , Jentschke Elisabeth
Published: October 2024

Introduction

High-grade glioma patients and their caregivers often suffer from distress and a lower quality of life. Results from studies with patients with mixed cancer entities suggest that yoga can be an effective support. However, it is unclear whether this also applies to high-grade glioma patients and their caregivers. This study aims to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based online yoga for patients and their caregivers on emotional distress, quality of life and stress-associated physiological parameters compared with a waiting control group (WCG).

Methods & analysis

The study is designed as a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Adult glioma patients (central nervous system WHO grades 3 and 4) and their caregivers will be recruited. Examined yoga instructors deliver the intervention (1 hour per week) in a synchronous format over 8 weeks via video conferencing. The WCG will receive standard care during the 8-week waiting period. Data will be collected before and after the end of the intervention and another 3 months later using questionnaires as well as blood serum and hair samples to evaluate biochemical stress parameters. Primary outcome is self-reported generalised anxiety and secondary outcomes are self-reported fear of progression, depression and quality of life as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)/dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), ferritin and hair cortisol. We hypothesise better outcomes in the intervention group compared with the WCG at all measurement points. 70 patients and 70 caregivers will be recruited consecutively. Primary endpoints are significant effect detections in the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale-7 of patients and caregivers at the end of the intervention. Analyses of covariance will be performed to analyse the treatment effects.

Ethics and dissemination

The Ethics Committee of the University of Würzburg approved the YINOTA-O (Yoga-Intervention beiNeuroonkologischenTumorpatienten und derenAngehörigen -Online) study on 26 October 2021 (No.185/18-me). Results will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

German Clinical Trials Register No. DRKS00029554.
Exploring the equitable inclusion of diverse voices in urban green design, planning and policy development: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Espinoza Suarez Nataly R , Desrosiers Félix , Prokop Larry J , Dupéré Sophie , Diallo Thierno
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Despite the increasingly evidenced positive impacts of green space on human physical and mental health, green spaces remain inequitably distributed across different socioeconomic groups. Urban planning and design should prioritise the development and maintenance of urban green spaces, especially for vulnerable and marginalised populations while thinking about protecting them from the effects of green gentrification. This scoping review will explore how the concepts of equity, diversity and inclusion are integrated into the design, the planning and policy development of urban green spaces. Also, we will explore what are the efforts made to incorporate equity, diversity, and inclusion concepts into the planning, design and policy development of urban green spaces to make them equitable for vulnerable and marginalised populations.

Methods and analysis

This protocol is based on the methodology developed by Arksey and O’Malley and improved by Levacet al. The search will be done in conjunction with a professional librarian, to include studies in all languages. The review will include multidisciplinary databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and GeoBase. The search will be done from each database’s inception to February 2024. We will present our results narratively and will conduct a thematic analysis using the urban green equity framework. This framework will guide our understanding of the interplay between the spatial distribution of urban green spaces and the recognition of diverse voices in urban greening decision-making.

Ethics and dissemination

This scoping review will not require ethical approval since it will be collected from publicly available documents. The results of this scoping review will be presented as a scientific article, social media and public health or environmental conferences organised by environmental organisations or academic institutions.
Effectiveness of resistance training of masticatory muscles for patients with temporomandibular disorders: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Asquini Giacomo , Pisacane Giulia , Maselli Filippo , Galeoto Giovanni , Mourad Firas , Bizzarri Paolo , Balli Edoardo , Bagnoli Cecilia , Manzari Anna , Pernici Marco , Giusti Andrea , Falla Deborah
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are musculoskeletal disorders characterised by jaw pain and typically temporomandibular joint limitations. Resistance training (RT) has been shown to be effective at reducing pain and improving function for different musculoskeletal conditions (eg, neck pain, low back pain); however, the effectiveness of RT for patients with TMDs remains unclear. This systematic review will evaluate the effectiveness of RT on pain and temporomandibular joint range of motion in people with TMDs.

Methods and analysis

The report of this protocol aligns with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. The search strategy will be conducted from 1 March 2024 to 31 March 2024 via the following electronic databases: MEDLINE (OVID interface), EMBASE (OVID interface), SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Any randomised controlled trials or non-randomised studies of interventions in adults with TMD that examine RT targeting the masticatory muscles, compared to other interventions not including RT, will be included. Primary outcomes will be jaw pain intensity and maximal mouth opening. Secondary outcomes will include measures of neuromuscular performance and pressure pain thresholds. Two independent reviewers will conduct the screening of articles for inclusion, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for included studies and will evaluate the overall quality of evidence following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. A meta-analysis will be performed where applicable. Alternately, a narrative synthesis will be performed by adhering to the synthesis without meta-analysis guidelines. Data will be summarised according to the outcome measures or, when this is not possible, according to other pertinent variables such as TMD type (ie, temporomandibular joint disorders, masticatory muscle disorders and mixed disorders).

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not necessary, since this study does not involve the collection of primary data. The results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023476269.
Optimised treatment of patients with enlarged lateral lymph nodes in rectal cancer: protocol of an international, multicentre, prospective registration study after extensive multidisciplinary training (LaNoReC)
Authors: van Geffen Eline G M , Sluckin Tania C , Hazen Sanne-Marije J A , Horsthuis Karin , Intven Martijn , van Dieren Susan , Beets Geerard , Lange Marilyne M , Taggart Melissa W , Beets-Tan Regina G H , Marijnen Corrie A M , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Tanis Pieter J , Kusters Miranda
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Inadequate treatment of enlarged lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) in rectal cancer patients is associated with an increased lateral local recurrence (LLR) risk, despite neoadjuvant treatment and total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery. There is a promising role for LLN dissection (LLND) to lower this risk, but this challenging procedure requires appropriate training. This study protocol describes a prospective evaluation of oncological outcomes after standardised treatment based on multidisciplinary training, thereby aiming for a 50% reduction in LLR rate.

Methods and analysis

A prospective registration study will be opened in hospitals in which the involved multidisciplinary team members (radiologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons and pathologists) have received dedicated training to enhance knowledge and awareness of LLNs and in which standardised treatment including LLND has been implemented. Patients with rectal cancer and at least one enlarged LLN (short-axis ≥7.0 mm), or intermediate LLN (short-axis 5.0–6.9 mm) with at least one malignant feature on primary MRI, evaluated by a trained radiologist, are eligible. Patients will undergo neoadjuvant treatment by trained radiation oncologists, followed by TME surgery in combination with a minimally invasive, nerve-sparing LLND performed by trained surgeons. LLND specimens are evaluated by trained pathologists or grossing assistants. The primary outcome is LLR rate 3 years postoperatively. Secondary outcomes are morbidity, disease-free survival, overall survival and quality of life. To demonstrate a significant reduction in LLR rate from 13% (based on historical control data) to 6% after optimised treatment, 200 patients with enlarged LLNs are required.

Ethics and dissemination

The medical ethics board of the Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre (VUMC), the Netherlands, approved the study on 23 November 2022 (reference: 2021.0524). Participating centres must obtain local approval and participants are required to provide written informed consent. Results obtained from this study will be communicated via peer-reviewed medical journals and presentations at conferences.

Trail registration number

NCT04486131, 24 July 2020,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04486131.
Cross-sectional exploratory survey among health researchers in Europe on the awareness of and barriers affecting the use of an evidence-based research approach
Authors: Van Eerdenbrugh Sabine , Pingani Luca , Prevendar Tamara , Lantta Tella , Zajac Joanna , Prokop-Dorner Anna , Brandão Maria Piedade , Poklepović Peričić Tina , van Hoof Joost , Lund Hans , Bała Małgorzata M
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This exploratory study was conducted to find out how well the concept of evidence-based research (EBR) is known among European health researchers with substantial clinical research experience, and which barriers affect the use of an EBR approach. The concept of EBR implies that researchers use evidence synthesis to justify new studies and to inform their design.

Design

A cross-sectional exploratory survey study.

Setting and participants

The survey was conducted among European health researchers. Respondents included 205 health researchers (physicians, nurses, dentists, allied health researchers and members of other professions involved in health research) with a doctoral degree or at least 5 years of research experience.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome measures were the level of awareness of the concept of EBR and the presence of barriers affecting the use of an EBR approach. Secondary outcome measures include correlations between sociodemographic characteristics (eg, profession) and awareness of EBR.

Results

We discovered that 84.4% of the respondents initially indicated their awareness of the concept of EBR. Nevertheless, 22.5% of them concluded that, on reading the definition, they either do not know or do not fully comprehend the concept of EBR. The main barriers affecting the use of an EBR approach were related to organisational issues, such as not being attributed resources (30.5% of the respondents), time (24.8%) or access to implement it (14.9%).

Conclusions

Despite the limitations, this study clearly shows that ongoing initiatives are necessary to raise awareness about the importance of implementing the EBR approach in health research. This paper contributes to a discussion of the issues that obstruct the implementation of the EBR approach and potential solutions to overcome these issues, such as improving the knowledge and skills necessary to practice the EBR approach.
Documentation and coding for trauma and surgical critical care: updates and tips
Authors: Kirsch Jordan Michael , Fakhry Samir M , Bernard Andrew , Tominaga Gail T
Published: October 2024

Clinical documentation is an essential part of medical practice. Medical records serve as a durable testament of care provided and are fundamental to communication among providers. Medical records provide justification and support for healthcare coding and billing for providers and hospitals and also provide evidence in regulatory and legal proceedings. Here, the authors emphasize the importance of clinical documentation in support of both professional and hospital billing and address two areas of recent regulatory changes: Operative coding for hernia operation and professional coding for critical care. The important role of provider documentation in supporting organizational revenue and quality is also discussed.
Constraining the entropy corrected (m, n)-type pilgrim dark energy in fractal cosmology
Authors: Sardar Alok , Debnath Ujjal
Published: October 2024

This study explores the impact of introducing particle and future event horizon as infrared (IR) cutoff on (m, n)-type entropy corrected versions of pilgrim dark energy. We investigate (m, n)-type power-law entropy corrected pilgrim dark energy in a flat fractal platform by considering a non-interacting scenario with cold dark matter. Then, our focus shifts to (m, n)-type logarithmic entropy corrected pilgrim dark energy. We derive the evolution of some relevant cosmological parameters and cosmological planes. Finally, we constrain the model parameters using $$H(z)+$$

H
(
z
)
+

BAO combined observational data from the DA and BAO methods. For statistical analysis, we apply the $$\chi ^2$$

χ
2

-minimization technique (equivalent to the maximum likelihood method) to estimate the best-fit value of the model parameters. We incorporate public Cosmo Hammer (EMCEE) Python package code to perform the MCMC method. Finally, we display the plot of cosmological parameters and cosmological plane and analyze the triangular contour plot by using the optimal values of the model parameters.
5D cubic prepotential and 5-brane webs
Authors: Kim Sung-Soo
Published: October 2024

We discuss intriguing relations between 5d supersymmetric gauge theories of eight supercharges based on 5-brane web and cubic prepotential and propose new relations between SU gauge theories and SO/Sp gauge theories when the parameters of SU gauge theories are specially tuned.
A novel memristor chaotic circuit and its application in weak signal detection of wind turbine fault
Authors: Yang NingNing , Meng TianZhe , Wu ChaoJun
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development of wind power generation in recent years, the demand for detecting weak signals of wind turbine faults has become more urgent. This paper introduces a novel memristor chaotic circuit constructed based on third-order magnetically memristors. The Melnikov chaotic condition of this circuit is analyzed, and its dynamical characteristics are studied through phase trajectory diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent spectra, and Poincaré maps. Leveraging the initial value sensitivity and noise immunity of chaotic systems, the memristor chaotic circuit is employed for the detection of weak signals in wind turbine faults. Using the chaotic system state transition method, we find the threshold for the circuit state to transition from chaotic state to large-scale periodic state, adjust the parameters to make the system in a critical state, input the wind turbine fault vibration signal, and detect the fault signal based on its state transition. Subsequently, the chaotic resonance method is employed, introducing the signal under test, which contains high-intensity chaotic noise, into this novel memristive circuit. This results in chaotic resonance, causing the noise components to be concentrated toward the frequency region where the weak signal under test is located, thereby enhancing the fault signal and facilitating fault identification. The results indicate that this novel memristor chaotic circuit possesses advantages such as high accuracy, strong noise immunity, straightforward operation, and clear judgment in the field of weak signal detection. This circuit shows promising applications in the field of weak signal detection.
A Robot Navigation System Based on Improved A-Star Algorithm
Authors: Bu Xiangli , Li Guangxing , Tong Bo , Zhang Xianyang
Published: October 2024

Regarding global path planning for search and rescue robots, the traditional method of A* algorithm is slow and has many turning points along the intended route, which hinders its searching speed. A new and enhanced A* algorithm is presented in this paper, incorporating the Floyd-trajectory optimization algorithm. The search directions of the traditional A* algorithm were refined from eight to five. Next, we improved the cost estimation function by introducing a weight value to balance the estimated heuristic function value with the actual cost value, thereby enhancing the algorithm’s search efficiency. Finally, we applied the Floyd path optimization algorithm to eliminate redundant nodes from the route. The use of both the Floyd and A* algorithms in combination has been proven through simulations and experiments to improve search results by 40% compared to solely using the A* algorithm. This integration effectively reduces the search scope, diminishes the number of turning points by 63.8%, improves path smoothness, and effectively shortens the planned path length.
The Co‐Occurrence of Medullary and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma—A Literature Review Based on a Case Report
Authors: Nordhausen Katharina , Deutschbein Timo , Heinrichs Volker , Weyhe Dirk , Tabriz Navid
Published: October 2024

Background: The co‐occurrence of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is thought to be a rare phenomenon. Here, we present a patient undergoing surgery due to a suspected MTC. Histopathological workup confirmed the suspected diagnosis but also described an incidental PTC in the contralateral lobe with lymph node metastasis in the central cervical compartment.

Case Presentation: A 58‐year‐old female presented with thyroid nodules and significantly elevated levels of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). She underwent total thyroidectomy along with central and bilateral lymph node dissection. Histology revealed a MTC of 20 mm and a BRAF V600E‐positive PTC of 11 mm with central cervical lymph node metastasis. Postoperatively, ablative radioiodine therapy was performed. Two months later, both calcitonin and CEA were normalized.

Conclusion: Simultaneous occurrence of MTC and PTC seems to be rare, but recent literature suggests that simultaneous occurrence is probably more frequent than initially thought. Preoperative calcitonin can be helpful in the diagnostic workup of thyroid nodules. Due to different treatment strategies, precise histological differentiation of potential lymph node metastasis is essential.
The Use of Physical Activity Mobile Apps Improves the Psychological State of Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mateo-Orcajada Adrián , Vaquero-Cristóbal Raquel , Abenza-Cano Lucía
Published: October 2024

Mobile applications positively influence the practice of physical activity in adolescents, but the effect of this improvement on the psychological state and the addictive use of technologies in this population is unknown. For this reason, the aims of the present investigation were to establish the differences in psychological variables and problematic mobile phone use by adolescents after a 10‐week intervention with mobile apps, according to gender and the different mobile applications used. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Spain with 400 adolescents aged 12–16 years (mean age: 13.96 ± 1.21 years old) whose physical activity level, satisfaction of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, life satisfaction, and addictive use of the mobile phone were measured. Two measurements were taken, with a 10‐week intervention period in between. During the intervention, adolescents in the experimental group (EG) must use one of the selected mobile applications (Strava, Pacer, MapMyWalk, or Pokémon‐Go) a minimum of 3 times per week, covering the distance indicated for each week. The use of the mobile applications was randomized for each class group, and an explanation was given to the adolescents prior to the start of the intervention. The results showed that EG showed a significant improvement in the psychological variables (p = 0.003 − 0.036) compared to the control group and also a decreased problematic mobile phone use (p = 0.004). Specifically, females in the EG increased autonomy (p = 0.010), relatedness (p = 0.019), and life satisfaction (p = 0.020), while males improved relatedness (p = 0.021) and competence (p = 0.018). In addition, the different applications used could influence autonomy, relatedness, and problematic mobile phone use. To conclude, the use of mobile step trackers could be useful to maintain an adequate psychological state of the adolescent population without increasing the addictive or problematic use of these technologies.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04860128.
State of the Art in the Treatment of Congenital Agenesis With Implant‐Supported Prosthesis: A Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Management
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Ezequiel , Pelegrine Henrique Cassebe Ledo , Barros-Filho Luiz Antonio B. , de Almeida Cardoso Mauricio , Ricci Weber Adad , Barros Luiz Antonio Borelli , de Avila Erica Dorigatti , de Molon Rafael Scaf
Published: October 2024

Congenital dental agenesis, particularly in younger adults, can have a profound impact on aesthetics and overall quality of life. The scientific literature offers various management strategies for this condition, with orthodontic movement and implant‐supported rehabilitation being central to treatment. However, achieving predictable and successful outcomes necessitates a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. Such an approach integrates diverse professional perspectives to ensure accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning, ultimately aiming to restore dental function and address aesthetic concerns effectively. In this case report, we present the successful rehabilitation of a young patient with congenital agenesis of the mandibular central incisors. The treatment strategy combined oral surgery (extraction of deciduous teeth and autogenous bone graft), orthodontic movement (opening spaces to allow implant installation), periodontics (connective tissue graft), implantology, and prosthetic planning. We detail the specific surgical approaches employed and discuss how their integration contributed to the overall success of the case. This multidisciplinary treatment approach not only restored dental function but also met the patient’s aesthetic expectations and enhanced the patient’s quality of life, highlighting the importance of a coordinated approach in managing complex dental conditions.