bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kodu- ja väliseestlaste vahelise kultuurisuhtluse institutsionaalne raamistik Nõukogude Liidu kultuuridiplomaatia kontekstis [Abstract: The institutional framework of cultural communication between Estonians in the homeland and in exile in the context of Soviet cultural diplomacy]
Authors: Tark Triin
Published: March 2018

During the Cold War, a massive organisation for cultural diplomacy was developed in the Soviet Union as well as in other countries, especially in the United States. Exile Estonians were drawn into the middle of the cultural Cold War that evolved between the two superpowers. In this article, the institutional framework for influencing exile Estonians is analysed in the context of Soviet cultural diplomacy. A frequently confusing fact is that two major organisations – firstly, the Estonian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries and secondly, the Society for the Development of Cultural Ties with Estonians Abroad – were involved in the Soviet efforts aimed at influencing émigrés. In some cases, these organisations are even mixed up. This article clarifies the situation and shows how these organisations were formed, and how they were related to each other. However, the main aim of the article is to show how and why cultural communication with foreign countries and influencing exile Estonians were two sides of the same coin, from the point of view of the Soviet authorities, and how the respective organisations were therefore tightly intertwined.

Two important conclusions were drawn: firstly, institutions were shaped by the fact that exile Estonians, as well as Soviet diaspora overall, were an inconvenient reality for the Soviet Union because they hampered Soviet propagandistic efforts in their countries of residence. Thus, when dealing with diaspora, the aim of institutions for cultural diplomacy was on the one hand to achieve a positive, or at least neutral, attitude towards the Soviet Union within exile Estonian communities, and on the other hand to reduce the influence of émigrés on the population of their countries of residence. Secondly, during the Cold War, the Soviet Union’s diaspora policy gradually switched from repatriation to propaganda and influence through cultural communication. These political changes were conspicuously reflected in the structural transformation and name changes of the organisations analysed in this article. The Society for the Development of Cultural Ties with Estonians Abroad was formed in 1960 as a section of the Estonian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries and was then gradually disengaged until their final separation in 1968. Among other things, this was caused by the thaw period with a growing number of contacts across the Iron Curtain, and an increased workload in both organisations. Due to overlapping fields of activity, the two organisations maintained their cooperation until the very end in the early 1990s.
Referral of individuals with cardiovascular disease to secondary prevention programmes
Authors: Trejo Ronald , Edward Karen-leigh , Cross Wendy
Published: March 2018

Background:

secondary prevention programmes help manage risk factors, prevent progression of disease, minimise complications and reduce readmissions to hospitals. Referrals to these programmes are suboptimal even though they improve survival and quality of life.

Aim:

to explore referral of individuals with a primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral vascular disease to secondary prevention programmes.

Methods:

a non-experimental descriptive retrospective design was used to analyse 176 patient records from a tertiary referral hospital in Melbourne, Australia. The study population consisted of individuals over 18 years of age admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, cerebrovascular disease or peripheral vascular disease within a 12-month period in 2009.

Findings:

from the patient records reviewed, 34% (n=60) were referred to secondary prevention programmes compared with 66% (n=116) not referred. Individuals with acute coronary syndrome were more likely to be referred than those with peripheral vascular disease or cerebrovascular disease. Those most likely to be referred were young males, married, living in a rural area and English speaking.

Discussion:

the study highlights that referrals to secondary prevention programmes are suboptimal. There is a need to investigate reasons for under-referral and the best approach to manage referrals.

Conclusion:

referrals to secondary prevention programmes are an important area of research: these are beneficial, yet some individuals are not being referred. Nurses are well placed to promote referrals to these programmes potentially. reducing under-referral.
The intermediary organisational structure of voluntary associations
Authors: Horch Heinz-Dieter
Published: March 2018

The organisational structure of voluntary associations has usually been described as ‘unbureaucratic’, and accordingly the managerial advice has been to bureaucratise. However, the following questions arise: What are the functional substitutes for the weak bureaucratic elements that structure work in voluntary associations and what dysfunctions might be connected with bureaucratisation? This article captures the characteristics of voluntary associations in the ‘voluntary, democratic, independent, volunteer association’ ideal type. These characteristics indicate the structural prerequisites needed to support this ideal type and the consequences they have for the organisational structure. Most important is that organisational structure has to provide ‘direct incentives’, which are connected with the purpose and work of the voluntary association and its members. The organisational structure of voluntary associations is characterised as intermediary between small groups and organisations. Interaction crystallisation and personalisation are identified as functional substitutes for formalisation and specialisation. The key problem is to find a balance between these group-like and organisation-like features.
PECULIARITIES OF ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF ORGANIC ACIDS IN APPLE BERRY (MALUS BACCATA (L.) BORKH.) IN THE CONDITIONS OF BURYATIA
Authors: Баханова (Bahanova) Милада (Milada) Викторовна (Viktorovna) , Анцупова (Ancupova) Татьяна (Tat'jana) Петровна (Petrovna)
Published: March 2018

The article contains data on the content of elemental composition and organic acids in apple berry in the conditions of Buryatia from 3 places of growth. Soils from different places of apple berry growing differ in the content of the elements. Soils from the vicinity of Romanovo contain a significant amount of Ca, S, Cl, and from Burlakovo – Al, K, Fe. Samples of soils taken in the Kurdyumka area are rich in K. The leaves are concentrators P, S, Cl, Ca. Based on the values of the coefficient of biological absorption, it is established that Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zr are absorbed least by plants. It is established that the fruits collected from the plants of the Roman cenopopulation differ in a significant content of fructose, glucose, sucrose, which, apparently, is due to increased solar insolation and air temperature in this habitat. The greatest amount of benzoic acid is found in apple fruits harvested in the vicinity of the village. The Kurdyumka in the fruits of apple trees harvested in Buryatia, tartaric acid is not found.
THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF THE TOPS AND SEEDS OF ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS L.
Authors: Шелепова (Shelepova) Ольга (Ol'ga) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Хуснетдинова (Husnetdinova) Тамара (Tamara) Ивановна (Ivanovna)
Published: March 2018

The content and component composition of essential oil of air-dried phytomass and seeds of Anethum graveolens L. were determined. Dill was grown using the organo-mineral preparation Ideal and steroid phytohormone (24-epibrassinolide) Epin-extra. The use of growth regulators increased the yield of green dill (Ideal by 16%, Epin-extra by 6% compared to the control); did not affect the content of essential oil in the herbs of dill and increased the content of essential oil of dill seeds. GC/MS (Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry) analysis revealed differences the ratio of the main components of the essential oil of dill when the use of growth regulators. In the essential oil of air-dried phytomass of plants, compared with the control, the content of alpha-fellandrene (1,3–1,7 times) and limonene (1,1–1,2 times) increased, anethofuran (1,4–1,8 times) and carvone (in 1,4–1,5 times). In the essential oil of dill seeds - increased content of limonene (1,7–1,9 times) and decreased carvone (1,1 times). When using growth regulators, a change in the aroma of plants was observed. The use of the Epin-extra drug caused more significant changes in the content of the major components of the essential oil of dill.
CARBOHYDRATES OF MICROBIAL MATHS OF ALKALINE HYDROTHERMS OF BAIKAL REGION
Authors: Будагаева (Budagaeva) Валентина (Valentina) Григорьевна (Grigor'evna) , Раднагуруева (Radnagurueva) Арюна (Ariuna) Арсалановна (Arsalanovna) , Лаврентьева (Lavrent'eva) Елена (Elena) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Бархутова (Barkhutova) Дарима (Darima) Дондоковна (Dondokovna) , Оленников (Olennikov) Даниил (Daniil) Николаевич (Nikolaevich)
Published: March 2018

Alkaline hydrotherms of the Baikal region are extreme aquatic ecosystems characterized by the presence of the specific microbial communities, mats. A study of the carbohydrate composition of the biomass of microbial maths from four hydrothermal waters of the Baikal region (Alla, Garga, Seya, Umkhei) showed the presence of mannitol (1,93–7,25 mg/g, from the dry weight), uronic acids (1,15–15,85 mg/g) and neutral monosaccharides. The latter were galactose (2,02–56,56 mg/g), glucose (2,00–45,96 mg/g), mannose (4,83–78,86 mg/g), xylose (1,18–10,53 mg/g), fucose (0,23–2,40 mg/g), and arabinose and rhamnose as a trace. It is shown that the mats from the studied hydrothermal waters of the Baikal region characterized by the different ratio of carbohydrate groups and a specific monosaccharide composition. A fraction of water-soluble polysaccharides was isolated from the biomass of the microbial mat of Seya hydrotherm. It was a mixture of seven components with molecular masses from 122 to 1700 kDa. The dominant polymer Se-WSPS-07 with a molecular weight 122 kDa was isolated and preliminarily characterized as a heteropolysaccharide containing galactose, glucose, mannose as dominant monosaccharides, and protein (5,92%). It was found that Se-WSPS-07 possesses biological activity demonstrating its perspectiveness for the further study as a therapeutic agent. The chemical characteristics of the carbohydrate components of microbial maths from the alkaline hydrotherms of the Baikal region were realized for the first time.
CELLULOSIC TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES MODIFIED WITH COPPER NA-NOPARTICLES
Authors: Таусарова (Tausarova) Бижамал (Bizhamal) Раимовна (Raimovna) , Рахимова (Rahimova) Сауле (Saule) Маратовна (Maratovna)
Published: March 2018

The paper presents data on the development of cellulosic textile materials with increased antimicrobial properties using copper nanoparticles. Synthesis of copper nanoparticles was carried out by simple chemical reduction of an aqueous solution of copper using ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. The influence of the concentration of copper, a reducing agent, and a stabilizer on the synthesis of copper nanoparticles was studied.A composition based on polyvinyl alcohol and copper nanoparticles was developed to impart enhanced antimicrobial properties to cellulosic textile materials. The results of the studies showed that a significant growth of bacteria was observed in the control sample (untreated fabric), the amount of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus) decreased with increasing concentrations of copper nanoparticles, antibacterial properties increased. Modified by the proposed method cellulosic textile materials showed high resistance to the action of microorganisms and can be used for the production of sanitary and hygienic textile products.
ULTRASONIC TREATMENT WHEAT STRAW IN THE ENVIRONMENT 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE
Authors: Евстафьев (Evstaf'ev) Сергей (Sergei) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Хоанг (Khoang) Куанг Кыонг (Kuang Kyong)
Published: March 2018

The development of environmentally safe technology for processing lignocellulosic raw materials with the separation of polysaccharide and lignin fractions for subsequent use is an actual problem, a solution of which is possible when using ionic liquids as a solvent. To intensify the processing process, the possibility of using ultrasonic irradiation in the environment of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride was studied. The results of the research of the influence of ultrasound power, temperature and processing time on the yield of fractions and the degree of purification of cellulose from impurities of hemicellulose and lignin are presented. It has been established that the use of ultrasound with a power of 10-50 W at processing of wheat straw in the environment of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride promotes an increase in the degree of purification of cellulose from impurities, primarily hemicellulose, and a decrease in treatment time. The maximum degree of purification of cellulose was 68.1% and was received by irradiating with ultrasound 50 W at 140 °C within 15 min. It is shown that ultrasonic treatment of wheat straw in the environment of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride provides an increase in the total yield of sugars of fermentolysis of polysaccharides of wheat straw by 4-5 times. The total yield of sugars of fermentolysis of the fractions of polysaccharides isolated in the experimental conditions was 83% of the theoretically possible.
SYLFATION OF XYLAN WITH SULFAMIC ACID IN N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
Authors: Левданский (Levdanskii) Владимир (Vladimir) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) , Кондрасенко (Kondrasenko) Александр (Aleksandr) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) , Левданский (Levdanskii) Александр (Aleksandr) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) , Кузнецов (Kuznetsov) Борис (Boris) Николаевич (Nikolaevich)
Published: March 2018

Sulfation of birch wood xylan by sulfamic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of urea was studied for the first time. The effect of the duration of sulfation of xylan with a mixture of sulfamic acid–urea in DMF on the yield and substitution degree of xylan sulfates was studied. The sulfur content in the obtained samples was determined using chemical method. It was found, that the degree of substitution in the obtained xylan sulfates was in the range from 1.30 to 1.64 at sulfation for 1–2 hours. The structure of initial and sulfated xylan was investigated with the use of FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopy methods. The introduction of sulfate groups into the structure of xylan was confirmed by appearance in FTIR spectra new absorption bands characteristic for the stretching vibrations n (C–O–S) at 804 cm-1, symmetric stretching vibrations ns (SO2) at 1009 cm-1, asymmetric stretching vibrations nas (SO2) at 1244 and 1260 cm-1.Studying of 13C NMR spectrum of the obtained xylan sulfates showed that there was partial substitution of hydroxyl groups at С2 and С3 positions of anhydroxylose units of xylan.
EXTRACTING SUBERIN ACIDS FROM BIRCH BARK WHEN EXPOSED TO A MICROWAVE FIELD
Authors: Безумова (Bezumova) Анна (Anna) Викторовна (Viktorovna) , Третьяков (Tret'iakov) Сергей (Sergei) Иванович (Ivanovich) , Кутакова (Kutakova) Наталья (Natal'ia) Алексеевна (Alekseevna) , Коптелова (Koptelova) Елена (Elena) Николаевна (Nikolaevna)
Published: March 2018

The present study focuses on the identification of the components included in the suberin of birch bark, as well as the development of the method of intensification of hydrolysis of birch bark in the allocation of suberin.Identification suberin derived from the technical of birch bark in conditions the microwave field was conducted the method of IR-spectroscopy (IRS). In the study of the chemical composition of suberin acids using gas chromatomass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed the following dominant acid: docosanedioic (phellogenic) acid and 22-hydroxydocosanoic (phellonic) acid.It is established that processing of birch bark in a microwave field allows 2 times to reduce the duration of process of water-alkaline hydrolysis. By the planned experiment, mathematical description of the process of hydrolysis of birch bark in conditions of microwave radiation was obtained; the influence of the main parameters was installed and the optimal conditions for suberin acids secretion were determined.  Concentration of alkali, %; power, W; duration, min were selected How were the independent variables. It is noted that the increase in alkali concentration and duration of hydrolysis leads to a positive result. On the basis of economic considerations, the optimum concentration of KOH for microwave hydrolysis is 5%, duration – 15 min, power – 600 W.  The power consumption is 37,5 kWh/kg birch bark.
INVESTIGATION OF SORPTION AND THERAPY-PROPHYLACTICS PROPERTIES OF THE ENTEROSORBENT FROM A LARCH BARK
Authors: Веприкова (Veprikova) Евгения (Evgenija) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Кузнецова (Kuznecova) Светлана (Svetlana) Алексеевна (Alekseevna) , Королькова (Korol'kova) Ирина (Irina) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Мороз (Moroz) Анастасия (Anastasija) Анатольевна (Anatol'evna) , Счисленко (Schislenko) Светлана (Svetlana) Анатольевна (Anatol'evna) , Кузнецов (Kuznecov) Борис (Boris) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Чесноков (Chesnokov) Николай (Nikolaj) Васильевич (Vasil'evich)
Published: March 2018

The sorption capacity of enterosorbent from a larch bark for marker substances modeling the different toxins kinds - methylene blue and gelatine – was investigated. Influence of values pH of model solutions and background electrolyte (0,9 mass % NaCl) addition on the methylene blue and gelatine sorption by enterosorben were investigated. It was shown that designed enterosorbent are able sorb the marker substances from solutions modeling of the stomach and intestine environment conditions. Investigated enterosorbent show the highest efficiency at model conditions of intestine environment. It was shown that enterosorbent from a larch bark exceed commercial enterosorbents on based of hydrolyzed lignin «Polyphepan» in its capacity to sorb the marker substances. On the biological models was determined that the designed enterosorbent show the therapy-prophylactics properties to gastrointestinal infections - escherichiosis. As a result of the bacteriological investigations was determined that the quantity of pathogenic culture E.coli increased 50 times at enterosorbent using in the experimental therapy group, in the prophylactics therapy group – 25 times. The obtained results indicate that the designed enterosorbent from a larch bark have good perspectives for application in veterinary practice.
SIMULATION MODEL OF THE PROCESS OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM MULTICOMPONENT PLANT RAW MATERIALS. ANALYSIS AND PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Топаж (Topazh) Александр (Aleksandr) Григорьевич (Grigor'evich) , Вигонт (Vigont) Владимир (Vladimir) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) , Хворова (Hvorova) Любовь (Ljubov') Анатольевна (Anatol'evna)
Published: March 2018

Article is devoted to the description and the analysis of the system-dynamic model of technological process of biogas production from multicomponent vegetable raw materials. A research objective – optimization of biogas production process from vegetable raw materials by methods of imitating modeling, finding of the optimal regimes of the simulated production cycle – the best ratio from the economic point of view between an exit of biomethane and rates of giving/replacement of the initial substratum depending on the composition of raw materials.In article models with a discrete and continuous cycle of production are considered, the description of the similar realization executed in the environment of multiapproach modeling of AnyLogic for model of technological process of anaerobic digestion of non-uniform multicomponent vegetable biomass is provided.The known stoichiometric model of production of biomethane is taken as a basis, her modification is made for a case of multicomponent raw materials (percentage division into conditional components – sugar, lignin and cellulose). Possibilities of modern software shells and environments of modeling in tasks of the complex analysis and optimization of the studied process are shown.During the conducted researches a row of non-trivial results on a choice of optimum parameters of an operation mode of the model bioreactor is received. For a case of the discrete process of up-dating of contents as parameters of optimization the frequency and a level of up-dating, and for the continuous flowing system – channel speed were selected.It is shown that the optimal values of the parameters from the point of view of the integrated output of the biomethane lie close to the cloud of critical acidification, which leads to the stoppage of the process. If the economic indicators are chosen as an optimization criterion, then we obtain optimal values of the parameters lying within the region of stable functioning of the model bioreactor.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF PICEA OBOVATA LEDEB. BARK
Authors: Федорова (Fedorova) Татьяна (Tat'iana) Евгеньевна (Evgen'evna) , Федоров (Fedorov) Сергей (Sergei) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) , Бабкин (Babkin) Василий (Vasilii) Анатольевич (Anatol'evich)
Published: March 2018

Chemical composition of a phenolic complex of the Siberian spruce bark (Picea obovata Ledeb.) and a structure their oligomeric phenolic compounds are studied.The samples of the spruce bark have been collected in the vicinity of Fr. Baikal in September 2015. Extractive substances were recovered from the crushed bark by extraction with ethyl acetate at the boiling point of the solvent for 4 hours. The resinous substances were extracted from the obtained ethyl acetate extracts by hexane by the infusion method for 3 days. The bark samples, after extraction with ethyl acetate, were dried to remove solvent residues, then the water-soluble substances were extracted by extraction with distilled water at 90 °C for 4 hours.The yields of the extractive substances extracted with ethyl acetate and water from the spruce bark were 3,4 and 6,9% in absolutely dry bark (a.d.b.), respectively. The content of phenolic compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of the spruce bark have been 42,4% relative. The ethyl acetate extract of a spruce bark, pretreated with hexane, was fractionated on a silica gel column using mixture chloroform-acetone as the eluent with an increase in the fraction of the latter (from 0 to 100%). The content of monomeric and oligo-, polymeric phenolic compounds in the extract was determined.Based on the data of 1Н and 13C NMR spectroscopy, it was established that the flavonoid dihydroquercetin and stilbene glycosides – isorhapontin and astringin are the main monomeric phenolic extractive substances of Siberian spruce bark. It is shown that the structure of oligomeric phenolic compounds of the spruce bark includes structural fragments of stilbene glycosides, mainly monomeric blocks with the structure of isorhapontin and astringin.
IR SPECTRA AND HEATS OF HYDRATION OF THE OZONATED PULP
Authors: Осовская (Osovskaia) Ираида (Iraida) Ивановна (Ivanovna) , Антонова (Antonova) Вероника (Veronika) Сергеевна ( Sergeevna) , Деркачева (Derkacheva) Ольга (Ol'ga) Юрьевна (Iur'evna) , Авакумова (Avakumova) Альбина (Al'bina) Васильевна (Vasil'evna)
Published: March 2018

Reduce the consumption of chlorine dioxide in the bleaching of pulp is one of the main problems of technology of production of bleached pulp at Russian enterprises. We have developed a modified method of bleaching of sulphate hardwood pulp with a degree of ozonization. The new in work is the identification of the mechanism of ozonation on the structure of cellulose at different stages of the pulp bleaching. To assess structural changes of cellulose in the process of bleaching was used technique  for IR spectroscopy. To characterize the hydrophilic properties of the cellulose used a calorimetric method and the method equilibrium sorption.Shown an advantage of using both chlorine dioxide and ozone in the bleaching of sulphate hardwood pulp. The obtained results of physical and chemical research associated with physico-mechanical properties of bleached and unbleached cellulose at different stages of bleaching. Shows the effect of ozonation on the mechanism of interaction of cellulose with bleaching agents. Effective delignification in the joint use of ozone and chlorine dioxide, can reduce the cost of bleaching chemicals. The brightness level corresponds to the world standards. and the content of organochlorine compounds (AOH) decreased by 30%. Reduce the consumption of chlorine dioxide helps to reduce contamination of waste water, reducing the content of organochlorine compounds (AOH).
HYBRID TI-CONTAINING LIGNOCELLULOSIC POWDERED MATERIAL FROM RECYCLED CARDBOARD
Authors: Канева (Kaneva) Мария (Marija) Витальевна (Vital'evna) , Кувшинова (Kuvshinova) Лариса (Larisa) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) , Манахова (Manahova) Татьяна (Tat'jana) Николаевна (Nikolaevna)
Published: March 2018

Paper’s and cardboard’s wastes are the most frequent and voluminous type of garbage that requires recycling for preservation of ecosystem. In the work on the example of recycled cardboard, the possibility of processing secondary plant raw materials into new useful hybrid lignocellulosic products of powdered type using the system from tetrachloride titanium and hexane (TiCl4-C6H14) was shown. A comparative analysis of hybrid powdered materials from recycled cardboard and wood pulp obtained under equal conditions was carried out. A proportional increase in the mass and ash content of powdered materials was shown with an increase in the amount mmoles of Ti (IV) in the reaction system. Was found that most of the adsorbed on the fibers surface of titanium compounds are readily soluble in an aqueous 10% solution of sulfuric acid, what indicates the possibility of their simple removal, if necessary. Was shown that fractional distribution along the length of fibers considerably narrows after the treatment, the average length decreases to 7,1 times. Was established that the prevailing fraction of all hybrid destructed samples is represented by fibers with a length of 0,12–0,15 mm, regardless of the consumption of Ti (IV), however, in products from cardboard, fraction of that fibers is higher, average dimensional characteristics are less than in products from wood pulp.
LIPIDS OF INONOTUS RHEADES (HYMENOCHAETACEAE): INFLUENCE OF SUBSTRATE AND LIGHT MODE ON FATTY ACID PROFILE OF MYCELIUM
Authors: Горностай (Gornostai) Татьяна (Tat'iana) Геннадьевна (Gennad'evna) , Полякова (Poliakova) Марина (Marina) Станиславовна (Stanislavovna) , Боровский (Borovskii) Геннадий (Gennadii) Борисович (Borisovich) , Оленников (Olennikov) Даниил (Daniil) Николаевич (Nikolaevich)
Published: March 2018

Controlled regulation of biosynthesis in higher fungi is currently an intensively developing field of the modern biotechnological industry. A promising object of such studies is the mycelial culture of Inonotus rheades (Pers.) P. Karst. Family Hymenochaetaceae has some biological activities that were previously shown by us. For the present study, the composition of fatty acids of I. rheades mycelium was firstly studied and 12 compounds including the dominant linoleic (C18:2 ω6) and palmitic acids (C16:0) were detected. It was found that the application of various substrates for the cultivation of I. rheades mycelium leads to changes in the quantitative composition of fatty acids. The use of Populus tremula wood resulted to an increase in the content of unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing of the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids comparing with mycelium grown on Betula pendula wood. The effect of the light mode on the fatty acid profile of I. rheades mycelium was characterized by a complex of changes in the chemical composition of lipids. Depending on the wavelength of the light used, both qualitative and quantitative changes were observed. The results of this studies showed that the substrate and the light mode affect on the composition of the fatty acids of I. rheades mycelium.
WOOD-DESTROYING PROPERTIES OF FOMITOPSIS PINICOLA (SW.) P. KARST. FROM MIDDLE SIBERIA
Authors: Литовка (Litovka) Юлия (Julija) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) , Павлов (Pavlov) Игорь (Igor') Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Рязанова (Rjazanova) Татьяна (Tat'jana) Васильевна (Vasil'evna) , Газизулина (Gazizulina) Алена (Alena) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Чупрова (Chuprova) Нелли (Nelli) Александровна (Aleksandrovna)
Published: March 2018

Presents the results of a research of wood-destroying properties of the basidiomycete Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. The strains were isolated in pure culture from fruiting bodies that grew on the Abies sibirica Ledeb, Pinus sylvestris Ledeb, Pinus sibirica Du Tour and Larix sibirica Ledeb in the forests of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (56°09'–56°22' N; 92°10'–92°58' E). The cultures screened for growth parameters and the dynamics of enzymatic activity during cultivation on cellulose-containing media. The radial growth rate of Siberian strains on the agar medium and plant substrates is 1,1–3,3 mm / day; the growth coefficient is 10–42. All studied cultures synthesize extracellular cellulolytic enzymes that hydrolyze the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose. The enzymatic activity is in the range 0,05–0,39 U / ml with a maximum of 7–9 days. The most active strain of Fp5-15 F. pinicola used for bioconversion of coniferous plant substrates under solid-phase culture conditions. The maximum wood-destroying activity observed on pine and larch wood – the mass loss of substrates was 16 and 20%, respectively. On Pinus sylvestris sawdust, the total content of polysaccharides decreased by 1,2 times due to the fermentolysis of the hardly hydrolyzable fraction (a decrease of 1,4 times); the content of lignin substances did not change significantly. On the sawdust of Larix sibirica, the amount of polysaccharides decreased by 1,3 times in comparison with the initial substrate; lignin – in 1,2 times.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL EXTRACTS (SAPONARIA OF-FICINALIS L.)
Authors: Ендонова (Endonova) Галина (Galina) Батоевна (Batoevna) , Анцупова (Ancupova) Татьяна (Tat'jana) Петровна (Petrovna) , Жамсаранова (Zhamsaranova) Сысыгма (Sysygma) Дашиевна (Dashievna)
Published: March 2018

The paper presents new data on chemical composition and antioxidant properties in extracts of the aerial organs of Saponaria officinalis growing on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia. It was revealed that soapberry leaves extracts contain a number of organic acids such as oxalic, formic, fumaric, succinic, malic, citric, and benzoic ones, the dominant being formic, malic, acetic and citric acids. Of vitamins B2, B3. BC extracted from the plant the dominant one was riboflavin. The method of and Fthigh-performance liquid chromatography helped to reveal five compounds identified as aglycone and glycosidic in character. They are orientin, isoeryentin, isovitinexin-7-О-glycoside, orientin-7-О-glycoside, of which isovitoxin is dominant. The greatest total antioxidant activity was demonstrated by soapberry leaves and inflorescences picked up on abandoned sites of the village of Selenginsk. Extractions from Saponaria officinalis leaves showed showed antiradical and Fe2+-chelating activity comparable to that of the extractions from plants with pronounced antioxidant activity. Thus, the data obtained indicated the antioxidant activity of S.officinalis aqueous extracts due to the presence of natural flavonoids. This fact shows the plant as a promising new source of antioxidants.
DELIGNIFICATION OF FLAX SHIVE
Authors: Каретникова (Karetnikova) Наталья (Natal'ja) Викторовна (Viktorovna) , Чендылова (Chendylova) Лариса (Larisa) Валерьевна (Valer'evna) , Пен (Pen) Роберт (Robert) Зусьевич (Zus'evich)
Published: March 2018

Delignification of the flax shive (wastes of oakum and heat insulation production) was studied. Chemical composition of the work material (mass parts in percents from the bone-dry material): cellulose 30,7, lignin 33,1, pentosans 28,0, extractable by organic solvent 4,3, extractable by hot water 5,4, ash 1,7. The flax shive was delignificated in laboratory condition by means of peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and sulfate cooking solution. The conditions of peracetic pulping: initial mass part of the «icy» acetic acid in cooking solution 0,65, perhydrol 0,35, the catalyst concentration (sodium tungstate) 0,03 g-mol/dm3, liquid module 6, temperature 92 °C; pulp yield 46,1% without of undercooked pulp. The conditions of peroxide pulping: initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide 17%, liquid module 6, complex catalyst concentration 0,1 g-mol/dm3 (molar parts of the Na2WO4, Na2MoO4 and H2SO4 in catalyst composition are 0,3 : 0,3 : 0,4 accordingly), temperature 98 °C; pulp yield 45,8% without undercooked pulp. The conditions of sulfate pulping: initial concentration of active alkali 55 g/dm3 (in Na2O unit), degree of sulfidity 18%, liquid module 4, temperature 170 °C; pulp yield 32,3% without undercooked pulp. Samples of the technical cellulose, received by oxidizing methods, excel sulphate cellulose in relation to yield, ability for milling, whiteness and mechanical properties (except for tear). On the set of normalized properties they approach to characteristic of kraft bleached pulp from deciduous woods and can be considered as perspective stringy half-finished for production of the paper sanitary-household and hygienic purpose.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF ARTEMISIA SCOPARIA WALDST.ET KIT. FROM TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY
Authors: Жигжитжапова (Zhigzhitzhapova) Светлана (Svetlana) Васильевна (Vasil'evna) , Дыленова (Dylenova) Елена (Elena) Петровна (Petrovna) , Раднаева (Radnaeva) Лариса (Larisa) Доржиевна (Dorzhievna) , Чимитцыренова (Chimittsyrenova) Людмила (Liudmila) Ивановна (Ivanovna) , Урбагарова (Urbagarova) Баирма (Bairma) Мунхоевна (Munkhoevna) , Тараскин (Taraskin) Василий (Vasilii) Владимирович (Vladimirovich)
Published: March 2018

Artemisia scoparia Waldst.et Kit. is an annual or biennial plant, widely spread on Transbaikal Territory. We have attempted to identify the leading factor affecting on the composition of essential oil in this article. Raw materials were collected during field works in 2014-2016 on the territory of Buryatia and on Transbaikal Territory. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method from air-dried raw materials. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by chromatography-mass spectrometry. According to the composition of the components the studied oils referred to a chemotype containing monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds as the main components. β-Myrcene, limonene, α- and β-pinenes, α- and β-farnesenes, caryophyllene, α-copaene, spathulenol were identified almost in all samples except one, and p-cymol, γ-terpinene, humulene, caryophyllene oxide were found in most of them.The variety of identified components of oils was associated with the secondary transformation of terpenes, the components of oils were representatives of 19 structural types of compounds. The composition of essential oils of Artemisia scoparia from Transbaikal Territory was characterized by a high content of sesquiterpene compounds.The humidity mainly influenced on the composition of essential oils. Mostly accumulation of sesquiterpene compounds occurred in essential oils of plants growing in ecotopes with sufficient humidity, and monoterpenes - in places with less humidity.
SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MECHANOCOMPOSITES OF ARABINOGALACTAN WITH CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
Authors: Неверова (Neverova) Надежда (Nadezhda) Анатольевна (Anatol'evna) , Медведева (Medvedeva) Елена (Elena) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) , Бабкин (Babkin) Василий (Vasilii) Анатольевич (Anatol'evich) , Ларина (Larina) Людмила (Liudmila) Ивановна (Ivanovna) , Сапожников (Sapozhnikov) Анатолий (Anatolii) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Левчук (Levchuk) Алексей (Aleksei) Александрович (Aleksandrovich) , Кузьмин (Kuz'min) Сергей (Sergei) Георгиевич (Georgievich)
Published: March 2018

Methods of the creating systems for directional transport in the organism with the help of various carriers have recently been developed to improve the effectiveness and selectivity of the action of known drug substances (DS). Especially, the relevant problem is the toxicity reducing and selectivity increasing of antitumor DS. In recent years, studies are conducted on the creation of DS conjugates with natural polymers, in particular, with non-starch polysaccharides, many of which exhibit antitumor and immunomodulatory properties. Due to the unique combination of physico-chemical and biological properties, larch arabinogalactan (AG) is one of the most promising for the development of complex drugs with increased bioavailability and reduced toxicity.The aim of this work is to obtain mechanocomposites of cyclophosphamide (CPA) with the initial (molecular weight 16645 Da) and fragmented (molecular weight 8380 Da) arabinogalactan and to study their physico-chemical properties.According to IR and NMR 13C, 15N and 31P spectroscopy data, the long-term mechanochemical treatment does not lead to the change of the chemical composition of CPA molecules, only the formation of hydrogen bonds NH•••OH is observed. According to the data of X-ray diffraction analysis, IR and multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy, the disordering of the crystal CPA structure and its molecular dispersion in the polysaccharide matrix without chemical interaction of the components are occurred during the mechanochemical treatment of CPA-AG mixtures at mass ratios of 1 : 5 and 1 : 10 for 4–12 hours.
ANTHOCYANINS OF BASIL LEAVES: DETERMINATION AND PREPARATION OF DRIED ENCAPSULATED FORMS
Authors: Дейнека (Deineka) Виктор (Viktor) Иванович (Ivanovich) , Кульченко (Kul'chenko) Ярослава (Iaroslava) Юрьевна (Iur'evna) , Блинова (Blinova) Ирина (Irina) Петровна (Petrovna) , Чулков (Chulkov) Андрей (Andrei) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Дейнека (Deineka) Людмила (Liudmila) Александровна (Aleksandrovna)
Published: March 2018

Anthocyanins composition of five purple leaves cultivars of Ocimum basilicum L. was investigated by reversed-phase HPLC with mass-spectrometric detection in the conditions of ions partial fragmentation as well as preparation of dried differently colored forms of anthocyanins encapsulated into maltodextrin matrix. Mass-spectra analysis revealed that according to anthocyanin set basil cultivars under investigation may be divided onto two groups with common feature being high level of acylation with (mainly) p-coumaric, ferulic and malonic acids of the same base – cyanidin-3-dihexoside-5-hexoside. The presence of acylation with substituted cinnamic acids permits to obtain solutions not only with red color (the property of the flavylium form) but also with blue shades coloration due to quinoid and negatively charged quinoid forms. All forms exept of flavylium are not stable in solution but stable enough to prepare dried encapsulated forms by lyophilization. And thou the loss of anthocyanins at drying is not negligible the final product is characterized with high stability at storage in refrigerator.
FEATURES OF RHEOLOGY OF AGAR-AGAR SOLUTIONS
Authors: Шипунов (Shipunov) Борис (Boris) Павлович (Pavlovich) , Коптев (Koptev) Виталий (Vitalii) Евгеньевич (Evgen'evich) , Маркин (Markin) Вадим (Vadim) Иванович (Ivanovich)
Published: March 2018

The article presents the results of experiments on studying of rheological behaviour of dilute solutions of agar-agar. The chosen range of concentration 0,1–0,7% allows to avoid gelation at ambient temperature. Dependence of viscosity and shear stress on concentration, shearing speed and temperature in an interval 25–45 °С is investigated. It was found that the concentration dependence of viscosity severely depends  on the shear speed, a nonlinearity is observed that increases with decreasing shear speed. The dependence of the viscosity on the shear speed for concentrations of 0,3–0,7% has a similar but gradually changing type of the asymptotic decrease, whereas for 0,1%, solution dependence linearly grows with increase of shear speed. The interrelation of viscosity and shear stress is studied. Curves for solutions of 0,3–0,7% have a similar type and differ significantly from curves for 0,1% solutions. Moreover, the dependencies are not typical for polymer solutions. The activation energy of viscosity and shear stress is studied. For two temperature intervals: 25–35 and 35–45 °C, there is no correlation and a smooth dependence of the measured parameters on temperature. The activation energy of both viscosity and shear stress not decreases with temperature increase, as one might expect, but increases, for many times. This fact is observed completely individually for the different concentrations. An explanation is proposed for the observed dependences, which is based on the assumption of a structural change in agar-agar solutions, which is caused by changing the concentration of solution and magnitude of the mechanical influence.
Weibull reliability estimation for (2+1) cascade model
Authors: Karam Nada , Khaleel Ahmed
Published: March 2018

In this paper endeavors to submit reliability (R) of a special (2+1) stress-strength Cascade model for Weibull distribution. Expressions for the model reliability are obtained when the strength and stress are weibull random variables with known shape and unknown scale parameters. Four different methods (ML, Mo, LS and WLS) are used to estimate the reliability and make a comparison between them in simulation study with program made by MATLAB 2016 using criterion MSE, where it found that the best estimator between the four estimators was ML.
Agglomeration as a Driver of the Volume of Electronic Word of Mouth in the Restaurant Industry
Authors: Liu Angela Xia , Steenkamp Jan-Benedict E.M. , Zhang Jurui
Published: March 2018

While previous research has investigated various drivers of electronic word of mouth (eWOM), the firm's offline competitive environment has not been considered. The authors explore this new horizon and examine the different effects of firms’ geographic concentration, or agglomeration, on the volume of eWOM received. They distinguish three types of agglomeration—density agglomeration (number of firms in the industry in an area), product agglomeration (overlap in product types offered by the firms in the area), and temporal agglomeration (overlap in moment of consumption). The authors develop hypotheses pertaining to the main effects of the three agglomeration types on eWOM volume, which take the form of an inverted U-shape, and the moderating effect of vertical quality differentiation. The authors test the hypotheses on the volume of eWOM generated per month on Yelp for restaurants in Phoenix, generated by 23,526 users for 2,885 restaurants over an eight-year period. The empirical results broadly support the hypotheses.
Bernardo Brixy, the first Laue’s follower in Croatia
Authors: Hanžek Branko , Popović Stanko
Published: March 2018

M. von Laue discovered diffraction of X-rays in the crystal in 1912 and W. H. Bragg and W. L. Bragg determined the first crystal structures in 1913. Soon after that (1916–1918), Bernardo Eduard Brixy, a Croatian Franciscan, published papers (in Croatian language) on generation and properties of X-rays and on the theory of interference of X-rays in a general, triclinic, case. The main points of the Brixy papers are outlined.
Alzheimer's Disease and Sleep–Wake Disturbances: Amyloid, Astrocytes, and Animal Models
Authors: Vanderheyden William M. , Lim Miranda M. , Musiek Erik S. , Gerstner Jason R.
Published: March 2018

Sleep–wake abnormalities are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and can be a major reason for institutionalization. However, an emerging concept is that these sleep–wake disturbances are part of the causal pathway accelerating the neurodegenerative process. Recently, new findings have provided intriguing evidence for a positive feedback loop between sleep–wake dysfunction and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. Studies in both humans and animal models have shown that extended periods of wakefulness increase Aβ levels and aggregation, and accumulation of Aβ causes fragmentation of sleep. This perspective is aimed at presenting evidence supporting causal links between sleep–wake dysfunction and aggregation of Aβ peptide in Alzheimer's disease, and explores the role of astrocytes, a specialized type of glial cell, in this context underlying Alzheimer's disease pathology. The utility of current animal models and the unexplored potential of alternative animal models for testing mechanisms involved in the reciprocal relationship between sleep disruption and Aβ are also discussed.

Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Microglia-Mediated Synapse Loss in Alzheimer's Disease by Lawrence Rajendran and Rosa Paolicelli
Microglia-Mediated Synapse Loss in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Rajendran Lawrence , Paolicelli Rosa C.
Published: March 2018

Microglia are emerging as key players in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus far, microglia have rather been known as modulator of neurodegeneration with functions limited to neuroinflammation and release of neurotoxic molecules. However, several recent studies have demonstrated a direct role of microglia in “neuro” degeneration observed in AD by promoting phagocytosis of neuronal, in particular, synaptic structures. While some of the studies address the involvement of the β-amyloid peptides in the process, studies also indicate that this could occur independent of amyloid, further elevating the importance of microglia in AD. Here we review these recent studies and also speculate about the possible cellular mechanisms, and how they could be regulated by risk genes and sleep. Finally, we deliberate on possible avenues for targeting microglia-mediated synapse loss for therapy and prevention.

Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Alzheimer's Disease and Sleep-Wake Disturbances: Amyloid, Astrocytes, and Animal Models by William M. Vanderheyden, Miranda M. Lim, Erik S. Musiek, and Jason R. Gerstner
Public Trust in Environmental Decision-Making: A Case Study of Shale Gas Regulation in Kent County, New Brunswick
Authors: Fast Stewart , Nourallah Laura
Published: March 2018

The existence of trust and confidence in public authorities and in the rules and the outcomes of environmental and other regulatory assessment processes is highly important. This case examines a region that was overwhelmingly distrustful of public authorities making decisions about shale gas development. Kent County is a rural area in New Brunswick, Canada, featuring coastal and inland villages and a unique mix of three cultures (Mi’kmaq, Acadian, and Anglophone). Through a combination of interviews (n=20) and a survey (n=500), we identified three main reasons for the lack of confidence: (1) skepticism over capacity; (2) scandals and controversies; and (3) challenges of aligning with indigenous epistemologies and questions of representation.