bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching Qualitative Research Online to Leadership Students: Between Firm Structure and Free Flow
Authors: Miskovic Maja , Lyutykh Elena
Published: April 2021

The US National Science Foundation (2013, 2015) surveys of earned doctorates in education show that between 2003 and 2014, over 20,000 degrees were granted in a field broadly defined as Educational Administration. It is then important to discuss the pedagogies of teaching not only the content area courses for educational leaders, but research as well. We highlight the intertwined tensions between different discourses: the ways of thinking about research that our students bring to the online classrooms, the course goals that we aspire to achieve, and the ways we teach qualitative research online. In doing so, we see our classes as spaces of the (not always smooth) interplay between the firm structure of expected goals and free-flowing nature of qualitative research.
Intersecting Autoethnographies: Two Academics Reflect on Being Parent-Researchers
Authors: Bennett Rosemary , De Vries Peter
Published: April 2021

This article presents two intersecting autoethnographies generated by two academics working in the same university, who were both parent-researchers. We researched aspects of our own children’s lives, primarily in the home focusing on their engagement with dance and music. As autoethnographers we engaged in shared and individual systematic sociological introspection. In this inquiry we employed observation, copious field notes, video and photographic recording to gather longitudinal data about often unpredictable moments of creative arts engagement that occurred in the home setting. Our research provided a unique window into child directed dance and music behaviours which are rarely seen and which offers insights into the creative education process.
The Use of WordPress in Online Focus Group Studies
Authors: Hancock Mary
Published: April 2021

Focus groups have long been used as a qualitative research methodology to gather information on a particular topic in a non-threatening setting. Adapting the traditional face-to-face (FTF) focus group to the online environment is a natural adaptation in the use of advanced technology for local and national research. The anonymity of the online environment is non-threatening allowing for open discussion. WordPress® provides a secure, easy to navigate website to conduct focus group research. Upon completion of a research study, the participant’s typed responses can be downloaded into a Word document to upload in to a qualitative data analysis program. WordPress® provides the novice and experienced qualitative researcher an alternative to the traditional focus group.
Autoethnography as an Instrument for Professional (Trans) Formation in Pharmaceutical Care Practice
Authors: Álvares Machado Silva Daniela , Araújo Medina Mendonça Simone , O´Dougherty Maureen , Ramalho de Oliveira Djenane , Chemello Clarice
Published: April 2021

The recent inclusion of pharmacists in primary healthcare in Brazil through the Family Health Support Team has encouraged them to reflect on the need to change from a professional focused on medications to one focused on individuals. This autoethnography allowed a pharmacist to confront her perspectives on clinical practice between 2014 and 2016, a period when she decided to challenge her traditional training as a pharmacist centered on medications. Using pharmaceutical care practice as the theoretical framework that prompted the profession of pharmacy to change its focus to the patient, the authors collaborated to construct a monologue that engages readers in the meanings of becoming patient centered. The research findings also support the versatility of application of the reflective process provided by autoethnography. Through fieldwork, reflective writing and interviews, the pharmacist discovered a new way to relate to "caring" and "patients" in her daily routine.
How Do Immigrant Students Develop Social Confidence and Make Friends in Secondary School? A Retrospective Study
Authors: Albrecht Shyanna , Ko Gina
Published: April 2021

This paper pertains to a retrospective study of immigrant students’ experience of making friends and gaining social confidence in secondary school. In the study, 17 undergraduate students participated in either a one-to-one semi-structured interview or focus group. Questions were asked to understand their experiences in making friends and gaining social confidence when they came to Canada between grades five to nine. Thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) was used to analyse the data. This method was useful in looking for commonalities in meaning in participants’ responses. In total, seven themes and 20 subthemes were discovered, which are discussed in detail. Implications for school professionals are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
College Students, Experiences on Smart Phone Technology Usage: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study
Authors: Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari Fatemeh , Pourghane Parand
Published: April 2021

Besides many benefits of the cell phone technology, numerous arguments are raised on the different and important negative effects of such a technology. This qualitative content analysis study explored the common usages of smart phone technology, its challenges, and benefits among Iranian college students. Participants were 32 bachelor degree students who were recruited using purposive sampling method with maximum variation. Data were collected through 11 individual semi-structured interviews and 3 focus group discussions (5-8 students in each group). Data analysis was done based on a conventional content analysis approach. Data analysis resulted in 3 main themes and 12 sub-themes. The main themes included “Easy life” (achieving information, handling school affairs, easy communication, and cheap communication); “Spending time” (virtual friendship, participation in various social networks, computer games, watching movies and cartoons, and reading stories and novels); and “The experience of challenges” (physical problems, psychosocial stress, and mood and behavioral problems). Based on the students' experiences about the smart phones technology usage, authorities, cultural institutions, and educational policy makers should encourage culture development using education through media and education during the early childhood and before using any software.
Navigating the Academy: An Autoethnographic Approach to Examining the Lived Experience of African American Women at Predominantly White Institutions of Higher Education
Authors: Warren-Gordon Kiesha , Mayes Renae
Published: April 2021

This study explores the lived experience of two African American women working at predominately white institutions of higher education. A review of the literature suggests research that examines the experiences of African American women in academe is limited. Using an autoethnographic approach, we explore our experiences and how we navigate our roles. Findings suggest that when the appropriate mentoring is in place African American women have a more positive experience navigating the promotion and tenure process.
Between Paradigms: Becoming a Pathological Optimist
Authors: Isaac Carol
Published: April 2021

Using an autoethnographic poststructural lens, I examined my academic journey in becoming a qualitative methodologist. I integrated my mentor’s maxims such as, “the institution will not love you back,” “prisoner of your words,” “make plans; if they don’t work, make new plans,” “one has mentors and tormentors and both help shape us,” “ever the opportunist,” “strategic groveling,” “a mosaic approach to mentoring” and “just get naked.” Despite paradigmatic contradictions between my doctoral and postdoctoral experiences, I gained much from working between the polarities of the social science and biomedical discourse. In time, I became a “pathological optimist,” one of the many lessons learned from an academic mentor that eventually led to my professorship.
MyStory: Scary Head…
Authors: Soyer Gonca , Soyer Mehmet
Published: April 2021

This work is an example of critical autoethnographic study of the writer’s personal experiences. In this particular study, I share my experiences while wearing a headscarf in Turkey, and my desire to settle down in United States in order to pursue my academic career. Due to the political changes in Turkey and United States, my experiences while wearing a headscarf in academia and social environments triggered me to write a reflection about them. In this article, my goal is to deconstruct the symbolic meanings of the Muslim headscarf in social spaces. In addition, the piece will show my “double consciousness" feelings of the societies in which I live in.
Successful with STEM? A Qualitative Case Study of Pre-Service Teacher Perceptions
Authors: Nowikowski Stacie
Published: April 2021

This research is a qualitative case study of pre-service teachers’ experiences with a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) module during a middle level interdisciplinary course in the teaching of mathematics and science. Data were collected through document analysis of participant reflection journals (during six distinct stem tasks) and college curriculum as well as an analysis of researcher observations of the STEM activities. While the first and last tasks were reflective and designed to identify pre-existing STEM experiences and post-module knowledge, respectively, the other four STEM tasks simulated student-centered STEM activities common to the middle level classroom. The data were analyzed for patterns and significant experiences among participants. Findings indicated that participants perceived little to no experiences with STEM in K-12 education and other college courses despite contradicting data from required college coursework. As the module progressed, participants developed improved self-efficacy and expanded definitions for the teaching of STEM at the middle level. Future recommendations include more purposeful connection of teaching methodology and STEM content courses taught in isolation. Additional research is needed in more consistent and authentic STEM field placements for the continued growth and support of STEM in middle level teacher preparation.
Decision Domains and Teacher Participation: A Qualitative Investigation of Decision-Making in Egyptian Schools
Authors: Hammad Waheed
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the gap between actual and desired decision domains as a potential factor affecting teacher participation in decision-making in Egyptian schools. In order to explore this gap, the study sets out to answer three questions: (1) what would a typology of school decisions look like in Egypt’s secondary schools? (2) How do Egyptian teachers perceive actual decisions made in their schools? (3) What decision domains are most desired by Egyptian teachers? The study employed a qualitative, descriptive research approach based on individual, semi-structured interviews with a sample of 85 school teachers and senior and middle management members in nine general secondary schools in Damietta County, Egypt. School documents were also collected and analyzed. These included minutes of meetings of school boards and Boards of Trustees (BOTs). A typology of school decisions was developed which revealed the absence of significant decisions related to curriculum. Teachers’ responses showed that they regarded school decisions as insignificant and irrelevant to their concerns, and that significant decisions are retained by central administrators. Desired decision areas were identified which included curriculum and student discipline policy. As this study is consistent with the current interest in decentralization and increased participation in Egypt’s schools, it is hoped that the findings will be useful to educational policy makers as well as practitioners as they implement decentralization initiatives in Egypt. The findings may also have relevance and applicability to comparable secondary schools in other parts of the world.
Attrition in School Rowing in New Zealand: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Walters Simon , Beattie Rebecca , Oldham Anthony , Millar Sarah-Kate
Published: April 2021

It is widely acknowledged that involvement in sport has positive physical and psychosocial benefits for adolescents. However, concerns have been expressed, both in New Zealand and internationally, about the relatively high attrition rates in youth sport. This qualitative study captured the experiences of eight (five male, three female) adolescents who were no longer participating in high school rowing programs in New Zealand. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, and we conducted an inductive thematic analysis. A secondary analysis was then conducted using a self-determination and basic psychological needs framework that placed specific emphasis on need satisfaction and need thwarting. Key findings from this study suggest that participants’ experiences of rowing were initially positive but were subsequently influenced by dissatisfaction and thwarting of basic psychological needs. The findings confirm the significance of coaches and parents providing an environment that supports young athletes’ needs for relatedness. Concerns are also raised about the potentially damaging effects of weight-restricted sport for adolescents. By drawing upon athlete voice, it is hoped that the findings of this study can inform coach education and result in the development of more athlete-supportive rowing programs for adolescent athletes.
Understanding the Blogging Practices of Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): A Discourse Analysis of Women’s IVF Blogs
Authors: Orr Elizabeth , Jack Susan , Sword Wendy , Ireland Sandra , Ostolosky Lois
Published: April 2021

Infertility and its associated treatments, including in vitro fertilization (IVF), can have a profound impact on the emotional health and well-being of women desiring to become mothers. Researchers have measured the impact of infertility and described the experience of infertility and its treatment, leaving the rich descriptions of the IVF experience as captured in women’s blogs to be explored. This discourse analysis describes the blogging practices of women undergoing IVF, exploring both the content and function of the IVF blog discourse. Data were collected from the text of seven women’s blogs (n=1,149 blog posts) and resulted in four main functions of the discourse: creation of and connection to a community, emotional support, blogging as therapy, and creation of an IVF resource. Findings suggest that blogging can have a positive impact on the psychosocial consequences experienced by women in fertility treatment.
“It helps if you are a loud person”: Listening to the Voice of a School Student with a Vision Impairment
Authors: Opie Jill , Southcott Jane , Deppeler Joanne
Published: April 2021

Students with vision impairment who attend mainstream secondary schools in Australia may not experience education as an inclusive and positive experience. This study of one senior secondary student with vision impairment provides a rare opportunity to give voice and provide understandings of the experience from the perspective of the student. The research question that drove this study was: What is the experience of mainstream schooling for a student with a vision impairment? The participant in this Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis study was Edward (pseudonym), a student in his final year of secondary schooling. Edward encountered significant barriers to inclusion, specifically teaching, technology, administrative inflexibility, and restricted social engagement. The participant has become resilient with a strong sense of self and has developed a range of personal strategies to address his challenges. It is evident that Edward was rarely asked about his needs and perceptions, rather decisions were made for and about him by those without a vision impairment. Educators require a clearer understanding of vision impairment and the impact that their often unintentionally exclusionary teaching practices may have on the educational experiences of their students.
Reaction to Safety Equipment Technology in the Workplace and Implications: A Study of the Firefighter’s Hood
Authors: Ward Brian
Published: April 2021

In the 1990s the firefighter’s hood became a standard article of safety equipment worn by municipal firefighters, eliciting a negative reaction among many of these firefighters. I used data from interviews with 42 firefighters to explain why this reaction occurred. Data analysis revealed that negative reactions ultimately stemmed from the hood’s disruption of autonomy, repudiation of the complex mental and physical skill needed to perform tasks required of firefighters, and hindrance in negotiating the life-threatening environment created by a fire. These findings indicate that when introducing new safety equipment technology to emergency response workers, their reaction to this equipment, and its effect on their autonomy and ability to complete complex occupational tasks, may have important prevention implications.
My Dissertation Healed Me: A Retrospective Analysis Through Heuristic Inquiry
Authors: Kumar Smita
Published: April 2021

It was my personal experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) that motivated me to undertake my dissertation, but during the process I was haunted by my “IPV survivor” identity. Little did I know that my intellectual pursuit was an invitation into personal healing through heuristic inquiry. During the data collection phase of my dissertation, I unconsciously embarked on the initial engagement phase of heuristic inquiry, but only 2 years after completing my dissertation did I realize I experienced six phases of Moustakas’s (1990) heuristic inquiry. In this article, I share how my dissertation healed me through a retrospective analysis using heuristic inquiry. Through the coresearchers’ narratives, I began the process of embracing my IPV survivor identity—analogous to Kintsugi, the Japanese art of joining broken pottery with gold to form a new version of it. Through this process, I have begun to acknowledge my resiliency and, most importantly, feel empowered to engage with others who have had similar experience, connecting to a collective voice of IPV survivors. Thus, I argue that heuristic inquiry not only transforms the researcher but also has a powerful impact on others (Moustakas, 1990), empowering coresearchers and communities. I conclude with a strong recommendation to foster research of personal experiences, as it has the potential to bridge the gap between theory and practice (hooks, 1994).
Urban Informal Economy in Bangladesh: A Case Study on Mobile Vegetable Vendor in Dhaka City
Authors: Mondal Md Sanaul
Published: April 2021

The informal economic sector is very important for the economy of any developing country. As a developing country, informal economy plays a significant role to Bangladesh’s labor market. But this sector is still undernourished. This research was conducted to understand the contribution of the urban informal sector at a micro scale. This paper aimed at revealing the contribution of vegetable selling to improve socioeconomic status of vegetable vendors and the obstacles they face to run their business. Research data was collected through in-depth interviews with vegetable vendors who engaged in vegetable selling by rickshaw vans in Dhaka city. Results from this study found significant contributions of vegetable selling at a household level including: continuation of children’s education, improved food intake, access to information technology, and the savings generation. Informal businessmen also face several challenges that set back to reap maximum outcomes from this sector. Therefore, it is urgent to take informal economy-friendly initiatives at a macro-level to patronize this sector for getting optimum benefit from it.
Critical Keys to Successful Offender Reentry: Getting a Handle on Substance Abuse and Mental Health Problems
Authors: Gunnison Elaine , Helfgott Jacqueline
Published: April 2021

Over the past several decades, all facets of institutional and community corrections have been growing. This growth has resulted in increased numbers of ex-offenders reentering society. While research has emerged on reentry, much of the research has focused on examining reentry failure as opposed to reentry success. Interviews of 40 ex-offenders and community corrections officers were conducted in Washington State to pinpoint what is needed to assist ex-offenders as they reenter society—particularly as it relates to substance abuse and mental health treatment. Results from interviews revealed that ex-offenders need assistance to address substance abuse and mental health issues while incarcerated and in the community. Interview results indicated that lack of access to treatment providers or quality treatment to assist ex-offenders are key hindrances identified by ex-offenders in the reentry process. Policy implications of the results are provided.
Virtual Fieldwork: A Review of The Internet: Understanding Qualitative Research
Authors: Mejias Arnaldo
Published: April 2021

In this brief and thoughtful book, Hine (2013) attempts to "help with the process of writing up qualitative Internet research” (p. 2). First acknowledging that the Internet is “a new field of study” whose quality is still being worked out, she makes a strong case for the Internet as virtual fieldwork. Hine (2013) avoids repeating information that may be found in larger textbooks dealing with qualitative research, but she raises valuable ethical questions, presents an itemized summary of key components of qualitative Internet writing, and suggests specific ways by which we can evaluate qualitative Internet research. The final chapter serves as a condensed annotated bibliography.
Including Rigor and Artistry in Case Study as a Strategic Qualitative Methodology
Authors: Gaikwad Prema
Published: April 2021

Case study has emerged as a popular research design among the other variations of qualitative designs. This theoretical research study presents the nature of case study as a stand-alone qualitative research methodology, which has an in-built flexibility that is unique among the other qualitative approaches. Literature points to two approaches of case study within which criteria for rigor through clear and complete description of the research design can be applied. A qualitative case study also lends itself to creativity or artistry with a freedom to be multi-method in nature. Being simultaneously rigorous and artistic is possible in case study through enhanced methodological justification and integrity.
Lived Experiences of Battered Women in Ozamiz City, Philippines
Authors: Superable Cynthia
Published: April 2021

Domestic violence is prevalent not only in the Philippines but also in other countries. This study explored how battered women viewed their experiences as victims using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach (van Manen, 2016). Using purposive sampling and snowball technique, the study identified six battered women who were interviewed using researcher-made guide questions. The responses generated from the interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology which aimed to understand the lived experiences of the participants. Four central themes were identified, namely recurrence of physical abuse, endurance to pain, disempowerment of women, and love for family. Battered women prefer to stay home and endure their husbands’ battering to protect children and family from social stigma.
Living, Doing, and Learning from Politics in a Youth Wing of a Political Party
Authors: Malafaia Carla , Menezes Isabel , Neves Tiago
Published: April 2021

The field of civic and political participation has been studied mostly from individual, psychological approaches rather than collective, relational perspectives. Here we address this gap through a political ethnography in the youth wing of a major Portuguese political party, conducted during the fervent months right before and after the Portuguese parliamentary elections of October 2015. Investigating the meaning-making of doing politics in real-life contexts, we assess the collective learning processes involved in political participation. This paper shows that youth wings can provide quality participation experiences. Indeed, collectively envisioning and constructing a more democratic society and working for the public good are guiding principles of the wing. Debatement politics and pedagogical politics thus play a fundamental role in the wing's activity, even if they are accompanied by the more mundane, festive party politics and the backstage politics. Through their activity, the wing's members acquire and display high levels of political efficacy, critical thinking and effort regulation regarding political involvement. Methodologically, this paper shows that ethnography is well equipped to study the experience of participation, foregrounding activities and perceptions of wing's members in order to make sense of their learning processes and outcomes.
Performance of Some Biocoal Briquettes Produced from Mixture of Sawdust and varying Nigeria Coals as Composite Domestic Fuel
Authors: Adekunle Joshua O , Olorunfemi Bayode J , Adejuyigbe Samuel B
Published: April 2021

Performance evaluation of biocoal briquettes from three different coal mines in Nigeria mixed with sawdust as composite domestic fuel was carried out. Samples of coals collected from Owukpa, Okpara, and Onyeama mines were pulverized and blended with sawdust at various constituent ratios of coal/sawdust of 0.0/100, 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50 and 100/0.0. Cassava starch was used as binding material while calcium hydroxide was used for desulphurization. Tests carried out included proximate analyses, ultimate analyses, and performance analyses. Results showed that fixed carbon in all the coal samples ranges from the highest fixed carbon of 63.81% for Okpara (OK) to the lowest of 62.87% for Owukpa (OP70/30) while sawdust was 21.03%. The Onyeama Coal has 1.25% ash content compares with 5% for Owukpa. Onyeama coal contains the highest volatile matters of 29.61% while Owukpa biocoal briquette (OP50/50) has the highest percentage heat utilization of 88.61 and lowest specific fuel consumption of 0.31kg/kg.  Onyeama coal (ON90/10) has the highest calorific value of 33.25 MJ/kg. The addition of sawdust in the biocoal briquettes resulted in lower volatile matter, low hydrogen, high percentage heat utilized and low specific fuel consumption.Keywords- Biocoal briquette, sawdust, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, fixed carbon
Rain Attenuation Prediction Models in Microwave and Millimeter Bands for Satellite Communication System: A Review
Authors: Busari Hammed O , Fakolujo Olaosebikan A
Published: April 2021

The progressively demand on satellite communication systems has consequently resulted in lower frequency bands getting more congested. The usage of frequency band beyond 10 GHz is in focus nowadays as a result of the rapid expansion of radio communication systems. However, Rain is the leading attenuation factor of different communication signal of frequencies beyond 10 GHz. Attenuation due to rain has a significant propagation effect that needs to be carefully considered in satellite communication system network. Rain attenuation predictions and rain rate are essential when planning microwave satellite communication links.  A review of the rain rate integration time and rain attenuation models for microwave and millimeter bands satellite system is presented.  Keywords: Frequency Band, Rain Attenuation, Rain Attenuation Model, Rain Rate, Satellite System
The Development and Characterisation of Recycled Polyethylene Reinforced Particulate Cockle Shell for Automobile Application
Authors: Agunsoye Johnson O , Madueke Chioma I , Bamigbaiye Adeola A , Agbakansi Kenneth C , Oladipo Alice
Published: April 2021

Polymer reinforced composites were developed from recycled polyethylene briquettes (matrix) and particulate cockle shells (reinforcement) via compounding and compression moulding technique. The objective was to use urban wastes to produce low-cost material for engineering applications as an alternative to their disposal by incineration, which can cause atmospheric pollution. The composites were characterized for wear test using spin on disk, XRD, Universal Testing Machine for Mechanical Properties and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for microstructure. Results obtained were compared with the unreinforced polymer, the composites exhibited higher tensile strength and impact energy, while the hardness reduced. More so, above 20% filler addition, the flexural strength and Young Modulus decreased. The composite can be used where rigidity is a crucial performance requirement; at 20% weight cockle shell, the composites can be used for car inner door opener where rigidity is required, while at 50% additions, the developed composite will be suitable for use in car interior dashboard where strength and fracture toughness are the most crucial property demand. Furthermore, the morphological study of the RPE/CSP composite showed a high homogeneous polymer matrix’s cockle shell particle blend. In conclusion, the study has established that particulate cockle shell waste and recycled polyethylene are suitable materials to produce polymeric composite. This is a novel material development from waste to wealth for environmental sustainabilityKeywords— Cockle shells, Recycled Polyethylene, Composite, Particulate
An Improved Data-Driven Model for the Prediction of Minimum Transport Condition for Sand Transport in Multiphase Flow Systems
Authors: Ehinmowo Adegboyega B , Ariyo Oluwadamilare O , Ohiro Oluwatosin A , Fajemidupe Olawale T , Salam Kazeem K
Published: April 2021

The correct prediction of minimum transport condition (MTC) is of great importance to the oil and gas industry. The sand deposition is an associated problem of multiphase transportation of oil, gas and or solid. The purpose of this work is to investigate the predictive capability of three different data-driven approaches: Artificial neural networks (ANN), Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system or adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and response surface methodologies (RSM). The models were developed using182 experimental data points with input parameters such as liquid superficial velocity, pipe diameter, particle size, pipe inclination and the output parameter predicted is the minimum transport condition (velocity) for sand particles. The developed models were compared with existing models. The results showed that the three methods performed creditably well in the prediction of MTC with ANFIS having the highest predictive capability with an R2 value of 0.99997 and an average error value of 0.00035836 compared with ANN and RSM having R2 value of 0.9998 and 0.9973 respectively. The three data-driven techniques investigated in this study also outperformed published correlations for the prediction of MTC. The findings from this research can be invaluable for the effective and robust management of sand transport in multiphase flow systems.Keywords— Artificial Intelligence, Fuzzy Inference System, Model, Minimum Transport Condition, Optimization methods, Response Surface Methodology
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PANIYA KSHARA IN MUTRAKRICHHA W.S.R. TO LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTION: A CONTROLLED RANDOMISED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Gupta Sudesh  , Sharma Kumar Arun  , Sharma Sakshi  , Prasher Aarushi  , Manhas Raman
Published: April 2021

Mutrakrichha is a disease in which Mutra is voided with much Dukha (discomfort). The word Mutrakrichha comprises of two words, Mutra and Krichha, which means Krichha pravritti of Mutravahana (difficulty in micturition). Mutrakrichha comes under the disorders of Mutravaha srotas and mainly deals with Shool (pain) and Krichhata (dysuria). Mutrakrichha can be an independent disease as well as associated symptom in other disease. In the contemporary science, the disease with similar signs and symptoms are Lower urinary tract infection. Lower urinary tract infection is the most common infection known to mankind and a common condition seen in general practice. Urinary tract infection affects more than 150 million people every year worldwide. It is well explained by all the Acharyas. Charaka has described eight types of Mutrakrichha. Acharya Sushruta in Uttra-Tantra has separately described Mutraghata and Mutrakrichha. Acharyas have mentioned drugs having antibacterial and diuretic property in Mutrakrichha chikitsa. Paniya kshara is an age old treatment modality used since ancient times. To evaluate the role of Paniya kshara in Mutrakrichha, a total of thirty patients were selected with complaints of painful micturation, fever, urgency and tenderness. Patients were given Paniya Kshara. The study revealed highly significant results in terms of pain, fever, urgency and tenderness.
ABOUT FEATURES OF EDUCATION OF ADULTS
Authors: Abduvaxobova Dildora
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема развития системы образования взрослых, которая должна иметь правовое, научно методическое и кадровое обеспечение, исследуются особенности организации образовательного процесса во взрослой аудитории.
Un altro ordine del tempo
Authors: Fazi Riccardo
Published: April 2021

During the last decade, there has been a radical rethink, in the European context of both theatre and performing arts, on how a performance or a spectacle is narrated and enjoyed. Artists like Milo Rau, Tino Sehgal, Marten Spangberg, Rabih Mrouè, Amir Reza Koohestani, and Richard Maxwell structure their practices on a reflection about the concept of time and on how it can be returned on stage. "A different order of time" is a three-parts essay focused on the analysis of the artists' works; the essay aims to create a dialogue between the artistic works and the actual point of the debate about time through a philosophical, scientific and social perspective. How does performing arts design the relationship between time and our evolution as individuals today? In which manner the collective tale configures itself through this artistic, utopian narrative? And what about the analysis tools we might need to effectively enjoy these works?
BIOMEDICAL RESEARCHERS CONFRONTING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Gajović Srećko
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global challenge to be confronted by the biomedical community. This article aimed to explore how knowledgeable and competent researchers may contribute to fighting the pandemic, and to discuss the ethics and impact of this endeavor. Many medical researchers and in particular clinical practitioners are engaged in collecting new evidence and creating new knowledge by undertaking pandemic-related research. This research is frequently unplanned, and subsequently numerous obstacles to starting new but necessary studies must be overcome. To contribute research evidence in hard times represents a highly ethical move. Moreover, these new studies need ethical approvals, financial resources, and institutional frameworks. Another pandemic-related challenge is how to generate expert opinions during the period when solid evidence is missing. Unlike research studies providing necessary scientific evidence, expert opinions do not need ethical approvals or disclosures of competing interests. The apparent contrast of evidence-based versus opinion-based decision-making during the pandemic reconfirms that quality research studies have no alternatives at all times.
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER AND BEHÇET’S DISEASE
Authors: Akca Ummusen Kaya , Batu Ezgi Deniz
Published: April 2021

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease, mainly affecting populations originating from the Eastern Mediterranean region. Behçet’s Disease (BD) is grouped in polygenic autoinflammatory diseases. It is a systemic vasculitis that affects all types and sizes of blood vessels. The aim of this article is to shed light on similarities and differences between FMF and BD. BD is frequently reported along the ancient Silk Road, extending from the Far East to the Mediterranean basin. Several studies have searched for the association between FMF and BD. FMF is caused by mutations of the MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene while an increased frequency of MEFV mutations is reported in BD patients. Although BD and FMF share some epidemiological and pathophysiological features, there are distinct clinical characteristics of these nosological entities. Mucocutaneous manifestations, especially recurrent oral ulcers, are the most common symptom in BD patients whereas fever accompanied by serosal inflammation is the main clinical presentation in FMF patients.
Trend of measles in Turkey: a retrospective secondary data analysis
Authors: Turgut Sahinoz  , Saime Sahinoz  , Nahsan Kaya
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: This study has been planned to analyze surveillance data of measles disease, to evaluate the trend, to make epidemiological evaluations about outbreaks and to help form national policies in the future.
Methods: This study; covers a total of 1,050,567 measles cases reported to the Ministry of Health between 1960 and 2019 and published in the statistical annuals. It is a retrospective secondary data analysis.
Results: In our study official measles data in 60-year period between the years 1960-2019 of Turkey Ministry of Health was analyzed and a total of 1,050,567 cases of measles was reported, the average number of cases of measles per year was 17.509, the average incidence rate over the 60-year period was 32.03 per hundred thousand and it was determined that the number of cases increased in some years above expectations. These increase years evaluated as epidemic were; 1965, 1969, 1973, 1975, 1981, 1983, 1989, 1993, 1996, 1998, 2001,2004, 2011-2013, 2017-2019 respectively.
With the onset of vaccination in the following year of 1969, the peak of incidence (1970), the incidence rate decreased by about 27/100000. It was found that the incidence rate of measles decreased by 62% compared to pre-vaccination after a single dose of vaccine, and approximately 80% after the vaccination of the Extended Immunization Program (EIP). 
In our study  a negative strong relation between MCV1 vaccination rates and number of measles cases (at one year later) has been found.
Continuous...
Safety and effectiveness of ultrasound guided peripheral nerve blocks: audit at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Asma Abdus Salam  , Riffat Aamir  , Robyna Irshad Khan  , Aliya Ahmed  , Azhar Rehman
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: To assess the safety and effectiveness of peripheral nerve blocks using ultrasound.
Methods: All patients who received peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) as a part of their anaesthesia care, in two years were analysed retrospectively. The data included outcomes of PNB effectiveness, complications and limb conditions after block. PNB effectiveness was assessed by monitoring pain scores at rest and on movement and the requirement of co- analgesia. Complications like numbness, motor block, metallic taste, hypotension, respiratory depression were also assessed.
Results: A total of 299 patients received ultrasound guided peripheral nerve blocks. Most common block performed was transversus abdominus plane block (TAP) block (46.5%) followed by supraclavicular block (16.7%). Most common complication observed in the recovery room after PNB was numbness 6.2%. Approximately 70% patients remained pain free; however 16% of the patients had moderate pain on movement at 12 hour post-operatively. Sedation score, sensory block and skin conditions were observed to be normal.
Conclusion: This study shows that the complications associated with ultrasound guided regional anaesthesia (UGRA) are very few. With advancements in ultrasound guided technique, further studies are required to evaluate benefits and complications in comparison to conventional techniques.
Keywords: Regional anesthesia, ultrasound guided blocks, peripheral nerve blocks
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APPLYING SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS IN RESEARCHING CLASSROOM CONNECTEDNESS AT THE UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL
Authors: Nguyen Bao Ngoc , Phuong Nam Tran , Hoai Nam Le
Published: April 2021

Connectedness in the classroom is something that has often been mentioned in researches, but it is difficult to imagine what it is specifically. One may wonder whether or not connectedness is related to students’ academic performance. With the use of Social Network Analysis, this article models and measures the connectedness among classmates and its association with their academic performance. The class under study is at the undergraduate level and the research results show that its members have fairly high adhesion and no significant dispersion. Combined with the calculation of Pearson's index (r) in SPSS, the article has arrived at findings which prove to be identical with those of many international studies: the connectedness and the centrality of a student do not correlate with his or her academic performance. The findings of this article not only provide suggestions for classroom organization and extracurricular activities but also reveal new research directions in the field of education in Vietnam via network thinking.
In-vivo Histopathological Efficacy study of Hinguleshwar rasa and Indomethacin on FCA induced Rheumatoid Arthritis in Paw model of Rats
Authors: Sonawane Ajay Bapusaheb , Gharote Archana P , Karande Vikas V
Published: April 2021

As per Ayurveda symptoms of Rheumatoid arthritis resembles with Amavata disease. Action of Hinguleshwara rasa on Amavata is mentioned in the text of Rasatarangini in Ayurveda. In this study investigation was made to find out preventive & curative changes occurred in rat paw of Freuds Complete Adjuvant induced RA model. Indomethacin was kept as standard control and Hinguleshwar rasa as a treatment. After induction of arthritis with FCA on day 14, animals were treated up to 28th day of the study with indomethacin and Hinguleshwar rasa. After completion of 28 days of daily single oral dose administration of Hinguleshwar rasa and Indomethacin, animals were sacrificed. Ankle joints were severed and processed for histological studies. It was observed that the joints of Hinguleshwar rasa treated animals showed recovery towards normal histological architecture whereas all other joint samples of bones of rats were showing focal and minimal pathological changes, focal and minimal congestion of blood vascular tissue. Similar normal Histo-architecture was found in Indomethacin treated animals. However it was observed that, Hinguleshwar rasa showed better restoration of joint Histopathological changes occurred due to FCA damage. Hence the efficacy of Hinguleshwar rasa on Amavat (Rheumatoid arthritis) was better than Indomethacin treatment.
A Comparative HPLC Quantification of Vatsanabha (Aconitum ferox Wall ex Seringe.) Root Processed in Cow's Urine and Cow's Milk
Authors: Chatuphale Gajanan Diliprao , Chalakh Sonali , Anjankar Meghsham
Published: April 2021

Vatsanabh mula   (Aconitum  ferox  Wall  ex  Seringe root);  is  toxic  due to its chief active principle an alkaloid named as  Aconitine.  According to Ayurveda and modern science; it is included in one of the most poisonous plants known till today to mankind. Despite it is used widely in Ayurvedic treatment in various diseases.  So its use in medicinal preparation should be done only after proper processing termed as Shodhan (purification) procedures. These processings are done in specific media. Shodhan procedures enhance therapeutic properties of Vatsanabha, reduce its toxicity & convert it into medicine. In Ayurvedic literature, media like Gomutra (Cow’s urine), Godugdha (Cow’s milk) and Ajadugdha (Goat’s milk) has been mentioned for Shodhan procedures of Vatsanabha. This study focuses on effect of two Shodhan procedures of Vatsanabha Mula by using Gomutra (cow’s urine) and Godugdha (cow’s milk) on HPLC quantification of Aconitine while the raw roots were taken as control. Changes in HPLC chromatogram confirm the effect of Shodhan procedure on Vatsanabha. In HPLC analysis, peaks were observed at retention time 30.1. Areas under the curve were less in the samples after purification with cow’s urine compared to purification with cow’s milk, indicating denaturation of some component after purification. Hence, Vatsanabha mula purified by Gomutra (cow’s urine) may be regarded as better method of purification as far as toxic alkaloids are concerned.
Pre and Post test Clinical study to evaluate the Immunomodulatory effect (IgE) of Virecana followed by Citrakaharitaki Leha in Allergic Asthma
Authors: Jayandan Jyotish S , Chacko James , Soman Devipriya , Kundagol Mahesh C
Published: April 2021

Allergic Asthma is one among the diseases which imposes a great burden on the subjects by hampering the quality of life of patients, reducing productivity, and causing work absence. The literary search hinted that there are no published works reporting both clinical and immunological(IgE) outcomes in Allergic Asthma. So the present study was a pre and post test clinical study to evaluate the effect of Ayurvedic line of management in inducing both immunological(IgE) and clinical outcomes in Allergic Asthma. In this study 30 patients were administered classical Virecana Karma (drug induced purgation) followed by Shamanoushadi (internal medicine) for 30 days. Statistical Analysis was done using SPSS VER. 20. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to evaluate the Subjective parameters, in order to interpret the time of significant change. For objective parameters Paired Samples t- Test was used to evaluate the difference of significant change. The results showed improvement in the subjective criteria, objective criteria and the overall effect of the therapy with the exception of no statistically significant results in immunomodulatory (IgE) effect which proves that the particular management protocol adopted is found to be clinically efficant but not effective in inducing changes at the immune level.
Pakshaghat and its Management through Panchakarma: A Case Study
Authors: Thakur Kritika , Toshikhane Sangeeta H , Patil Dinesh , Desai Shikha
Published: April 2021

Vata among tridosha is considered as the controller of everything in the Sharira. Vitated Vata itself effects the Dusyas which pervades the entire body or a part of it and gives rise to different types ailment is called Vatavyadhi. Pakshaghata is one of the important diseases of such criteria which is popularly known as Hemiplegia. A 60 years old male Patient, K/C/O of HTN Since 3 year & Stroke 3 Months ago complaining of Kinchita Vak-Aspastata (incomplete speech), Bhar-Vruddhi (Heaviness of left limbs), Vama bahu Karma alpata (Left upper limb weakness), Vama amsha sandhi stabhata (Left shoulder stiffness) since 3 Month. Patient was on various treatment methods for the past 2 months but did not get complete improvement. He came to Parul Ayurveda Hospital.  The patient was treated with Panchakarma procedure, Shamana Aushadhi and Physiotherapy. This study shows the effective result of Panchakarma treatment along with Shamana Aushadhi and Physiotherapy in Pakshaghata disease. It also helps to understand the pathophysiology of Pakshaghata through Ayurveda. In this study an attempt has been made to describe all Scientific effect of Panchakarma procedures, Shaman Aushadhis and effect of Physiotherapy has been explained in this case.