bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
News Media Framing of New York City’s Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Portion-Size Cap
Authors: Donaldson Elisabeth A. , Cohen Joanna E. , Truant Patricia L. , Rutkow Lainie , Kanarek Norma F. , Barry Colleen L.
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We assessed news media framing of New York City’s proposed regulation to prohibit the sale of sugar-sweetened beverages greater than 16 ounces.

Methods. We conducted a quantitative content analysis of print and television news from within and outside New York City media markets. We examined support for and opposition to the portion-size cap in the news coverage from its May 31, 2012, proposal through the appellate court ruling on July 31, 2013.

Results. News coverage corresponded to key events in the policy’s evolution. Although most stories mentioned obesity as a problem, a larger proportion used opposing frames (84%) than pro-policy frames (36%). Mention of pro-policy frames shifted toward the policy’s effect on special populations. The debate’s most prominent frame was the opposing frame that the policy was beyond the government’s role (69%).

Conclusions. News coverage within and outside the New York City media market was more likely to mention arguments in opposition to than in support of the portion-size cap. Understanding how the news media framed this issue provides important insights for advocates interested in advancing similar measures in other jurisdictions.
Women-Centered Drug Treatment Services and Need in the United States, 2002–2009
Authors: Terplan Mishka , Longinaker Nyaradzo , Appel Lindsay
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We examined options and need for women-centered substance use disorder treatment in the United States between 2002 and 2009.

Methods. We obtained characteristics of facilities from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services and treatment need data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We also examined differences in provision of women-centered programs by urbanization level in data from the National Center for Health Statistics 2006 Rural-Urban County Continuum.

Results. Of the 13 000 facilities surveyed annually, the proportion offering women-centered services declined from 43% in 2002 to 40% in 2009 (P < .001). Urban location, state population size, and Medicaid payment predicted provision of such services as trauma-related and domestic violence counseling, child care, and housing assistance (all, P < .001). Prevalence of women with unmet need ranged from 81% to 95% across states.

Conclusions. Change in availability of women-centered drug treatment services was minimal from 2002 to 2009, even though need for treatment was high in all states.
How to Identify Success Among Networks That Promote Active Living
Authors: Litt Jill , Varda Danielle , Reed Hannah , Retrum Jessica , Tabak Rachel , Gustat Jeanette , O'Hara Tompkins Nancy
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We evaluated organization- and network-level factors that influence organizations’ perceived success. This is important for managing interorganizational networks, which can mobilize communities to address complex health issues such as physical activity, and for achieving change.

Methods. In 2011, we used structured interview and network survey data from 22 states in the United States to estimate multilevel random-intercept models to understand organization- and network-level factors that explain perceived network success.

Results. A total of 53 of 59 “whole networks” met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis (89.8%). Coordinators identified 559 organizations, with 3 to 12 organizations from each network taking the online survey (response rate = 69.7%; range = 33%–100%). Occupying a leadership position (P < .01), the amount of time with the network (P < .05), and support from community leaders (P < .05) emerged as correlates of perceived success.

Conclusions. Organizations’ perceptions of success can influence decisions about continuing involvement and investment in networks designed to promote environment and policy change for active living. Understanding these factors can help leaders manage complex networks that involve diverse memberships, varied interests, and competing community-level priorities.
Workplace Bullying and Suicidal Ideation: A 3-Wave Longitudinal Norwegian Study
Authors: Nielsen Morten Birkeland , Nielsen Geir Høstmark , Notelaers Guy , Einarsen Ståle
Published: September 2015

Objectives. We examined whether victimization from bullying is related to an increased risk of suicidal ideation over time and whether suicidal ideation is related to subsequent bullying.

Methods. In a longitudinal study (2005–2010), we used well-established single-item measures to assess victimization from bullying and suicidal ideation. We used latent Markov models to determine forward and reverse relationships between variables at 3 time points with 2 or 3 years between the measurement points among a randomized nationwide sample of 1846 employees in Norway.

Results. Victimization from bullying was associated with subsequent suicidal ideation (odds ratio = 2.05; 95% confidence interval = 1.08, 3.89). Suicidal ideation at baseline was not related to subsequent victimization from workplace bullying.

Conclusions. Workplace bullying may be a precursor to suicidal ideation, whereas suicidal ideation seems to have no impact on subsequent risk of being bullied. Regulations against bullying should be integrated into work-related legislation and public health policies.
Evaluation of a Quick Test to Assess Polymer‐Coated Urea Prill Damage
Authors: Bierman Peter M. , Crants James E. , Rosen Carl J.
Published: September 2015

Polymer‐coated ureas (PCUs) can reduce N leaching in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production while maintaining yields. However, damage to the polymer coating during handling increases N release and potentially affects leaching and crop response. A 2‐yr study was conducted to develop a quick test of PCU damage, compare its results with N release under field conditions, and determine damage effects on N uptake and yield in field experiments. A 24‐h water immersion procedure was developed to measure N release differences from two sources of the PCU fertilizer Environmentally Smart Nitrogen (ESN) handled in different ways: ESN(C), dealer grade undamaged control, and ESN(A), damaged by air boom spreader application. Nitrogen release from ESN(A) was more rapid in both the 24‐h test and during in situ soil incubation. Quick test results were positively correlated with N release during the first 7 d of field incubation (R2 = 0.91, adjusted R2 = 0.86). Differences in prill damage between ESN(C) and ESN(A) were greater in 2010 than 2011. Limited crop response differences occurred in 2011, but in 2010 petiole nitrate‐N was more stable and higher late in the season for ESN(C) than ESN(A), and tuber, vine, and total N uptake were significantly greater for ESN(C). Tuber yield and size were not significantly affected by ESN damage. Based on these results, the quick test provides an accurate assessment of potential differences in N release during the growing season due to coating damage and can be used to evaluate leaching potential and possible need for fertigation.
Obesity Impairs Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Through Inhibition of AMPK
Authors: Fu Xing , Zhu Meijun , Zhang Shuming , Foretz Marc , Viollet Benoit , Du Min
Published: September 2015

Obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide and is accompanied by many complications, including impaired muscle regeneration. The obese condition is known to inhibit AMPK activity in multiple tissues. We hypothesized that the loss of AMPK activity is a major reason for hampered muscle regeneration in obese subjects. We found that obesity inhibits AMPK activity in regenerating muscle, which was associated with impeded satellite cell activation and impaired muscle regeneration. To test the mediatory role of AMPKα1, we knocked out AMPKα1 and found that both proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells are reduced after injury and that muscle regeneration is severely impeded, reminiscent of hampered muscle regeneration seen in obese subjects. Transplanted satellite cells with AMPKα1 deficiency had severely impaired myogenic capacity in regenerating muscle fibers. We also found that attenuated muscle regeneration in obese mice is rescued by AICAR, a drug that specifically activates AMPK, but AICAR treatment failed to improve muscle regeneration in obese mice with satellite cell–specific AMPKα1 knockout, demonstrating the importance of AMPKα1 in satellite cell activation and muscle regeneration. In summary, AMPKα1 is a key mediator linking obesity and impaired muscle regeneration, providing a convenient drug target to facilitate muscle regeneration in obese populations.
Portal site metastasis after thoracoscopic resection of a cranial mediastinal mass in a dog
Authors: Alwen Sarah G. J. , Culp William T. N. , Szivek Anna , Mayhew Philipp D. , Eckstrand Christina D.
Published: September 2015

Case Description—An 11-year-old castrated male Vizsla was evaluated for excision of a cranial mediastinal mass.

Clinical Findings—The dog had a 1-month history of a cough that had recently increased in frequency. On physical examination, the dog had a grade 2/6 left systolic heart murmur and multiple subcutaneous masses. A soft tissue mass was observed in the cranioventral aspect of the thorax on radiographs. Results of a CT scan revealed a well-defined, 2.8 × 3.2 × 3.9-cm soft tissue mass in the cranial mediastinum.

Treatment and Outcome—The dog underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic removal of the mediastinal mass and recovered routinely. Histologic examination of excised tissues revealed malignant thymoma. Approximately 6.5 months after surgery, the dog was evaluated because of polyuria, polydipsia, decreased appetite, and vomiting. On physical examination, masses were found in both axillary regions. Results of serum biochemical analysis indicated hypercalcemia. Thoracic ultrasonography revealed pulmonary metastases and a large mass in the right caudoventral region of the thorax. The dog received supportive care and medical treatment for hypercalcemia, but clinical signs recurred. Euthanasia was elected; necropsy and histologic examination revealed thymic carcinoma.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Descriptions of the development of portal site metastasis in canine patients are rare. In this patient, portal site metastasis developed rapidly after thoracoscopic resection of a malignant thymic mass and was associated with hypercalcemia. As use of thoracoscopic procedures increases in veterinary medicine, it will be important to monitor the development of major complications such as those in the patient of this report. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2015;247:793–800)
Gluteal Tendinopathy: Integrating Pathomechanics and Clinical Features in Its Management
Authors: Grimaldi Alison , Fearon Angela
Published: September 2015

Synopsis

Gluteal tendinopathy is now believed to be the primary local source of lateral hip pain, or greater trochanteric pain syndrome, previously referred to as trochanteric bursitis. This condition is prevalent, particularly among postmenopausal women, and has a considerable negative influence on quality of life. Improved prognosis and outcomes in the future for those with gluteal tendinopathy will be underpinned by advances in diagnostic testing, a clearer understanding of risk factors and comorbidities, and evidence-based management programs. High-quality studies that meet these requirements are still lacking. This clinical commentary provides direction to assist the clinician with assessment and management of the patient with gluteal tendinopathy, based on currently limited available evidence on this condition and the wider tendon literature and on the combined clinical experience of the authors. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(11):910-922. Epub 17 Sep 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5829
Self-perception regarding dental aesthetics, knowledge and attitude of traumatic dental injury and halitosis among people of Aurabani, Sunsari district of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Dahal S , Agrawal SK , Shrestha A , Bhagat TK
Published: September 2015

Background and Objectives: Increased concern over dental appearance has been observed during childhood and adolescence to early adulthood. The study was conducted with objectives to assess the self-perception of dental aesthetics, knowledge, attitude and management of dental trauma and halitosis.Materials and Methods: Self-administered questionnaire translated in Nepali language consisting of 32 questions was used. The completed questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: Out of the total study population, 63% were satisfied with their overall tooth appearance and 71.7% with their tooth color. Twenty-nine percent had experienced dental trauma. More than half of the study population thought that immediate treatment was required after dental trauma. Fifty seven percent of the villagers had halitosis.Conclusion: The research clearly shows that the people of Aurabani VDC were satisfied with their tooth color and overall tooth appearance; however the knowledge regarding emergency management of dental trauma, the cause and management of halitosis was insufficient.JCMS Nepal. 2015;11(1):6-8
Elective open bedside tracheostomy in the neurosurgical intensive care unit
Authors: Maharjan Niran , Shrestha Sangeeta , Bhattarai Binod , Cherian Iype
Published: September 2015

JCMSBackground and Objectives: Tracheostomy is electively performed in critically ill patients requiring prolonged respiratory support. The risk of transporting, the increasing associated cost and operative room schedule are some of the obstacles for wider acceptance of this procedure. The use of rigid selection criteria exclude many patients who would benefit of this approach. The present study was designed to determine the safety of open bedside tracheostomy (OBT) as a routine intensive care units (ICU) procedure without any selection criteria, considering its peri and postoperative complications.Materials & Methods: Retrospective medical chart review of all patients that underwent elective tracheostomy between June 2014 and January 2015.Results: The study group comprised 52 patients with a mean age of 40.4±15.1 years. The incidence of intra-procedure complications was 5.7% and post-procedure complications was 3.8%.Conclusions: Open bedside tracheostomy seems to be a safe and simple procedure, even when performed by a trained resident under controlled circumstances, and should be considered as an option for ICU patients.JCMS Nepal. 2015;11(1): 9-11
Orbital presentation of systemic vasculitis: a diagnostic and management challenge
Authors: Singh M , Singh U , Zadeng Z
Published: September 2015

Background: Orbital involvement in Wegener’s Granulomatosis (WG) is rare and has an overall good prognosis. Case: A 60-year-old hypertensive Indian female presented with vision loss and painful proptosis of left eye. Orbital incisional biopsy suggested necrotising small vessel inflammation. The saddle nose deformity and pedal nodulo- ulcerative lesions further consolidated the diagnosis of Wegener’s granulomatosis. Systemic immunosuppressant provided remission and the only relapse was managed successfully with intravenous Rituximab. Conclusion: Wegener’s granulomatosis should be kept in the differential diagnosis of painful proptosis with a diffuse orbital mass in an elderly patient presenting with profound vision loss. Newer immune modulating agents are useful adjuncts in preventing relapses of this fatal disease.
Use of fat-suppressed T2 -weighted sagittal images after infusion of excess saline into the subarachnoid space as a new diagnostic modality for cerebrospinal fluid hypovolemia: technical note
Authors: Nakai Eiichi , Takemura Mitsuhiro , Nonaka Motonobu , Kawanishi Yu , Masahira Noritaka , Ueba Tetsuya
Published: September 2015

The diagnosis of CSF hypovolemia remains controversial. The primary diagnostic factor relies on confirmation of leakage of the CSF based on reduced spinal fluid pressure. Determining the specific leakage site is the most important issue for effective treatment but remains a difficult task. Although CT myelography, radioisotope cisternography, and MRI are commonly performed in the diagnosis of CSF hypovolemia, these techniques can rarely identify the precise leakage site. Therefore, an epidural blood patch is performed in the lumbar spine in many cases.

This study reports a new diagnostic modality that can help to confirm the leakage site. Fat-suppressed T2-weighted sagittal images were compared before and after the infusion of 20 ml of saline into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region to detect the specific leakage site with high probability. Three patients were successfully treated by the epidural blood patch based on data obtained with the new diagnostic modality. Two patients were treated in the cervical region and 1 in the lumbar region. The use of fat-suppressed T2-weighted sagittal images after saline infusion could be a relevant diagnostic modality compared with images obtained by CT myelography, radioisotope cisternography, and ordinary MRI to achieve accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of patients with CSF hypovolemia.
Transsutural distraction osteogenesis for 285 children with craniosynostosis: a single-institution experience
Authors: Park Dong Ha , Yoon Soo Han
Published: September 2015

OBJECT

Although distraction osteogenesis (DO) requires a secondary procedure in the surgical correction of craniosynostosis, it is relatively simple, requires less transfusion, results in a shorter intensive care unit stay, and is quite safe. Because of these positive factors, various DO techniques have been developed. However, there is disagreement regarding the superiority of DO. The authors reported on a new DO technique, transsutural DO (TSDO), 6 years ago that was performed in 23 patients over a period of 6 months, and it continues to be used at the present time. In this paper the authors report the results of TSDO performed in 285 patients with craniosynostosis over a period of 6 years at a single institution.

METHODS

TSDO consists of a simple suturectomy of the pathological suture followed by direct distraction of the suturectomy site only. Types of TSDO conducted included sagittal TSDO in 95 patients, bicoronal in 14, unilateral coronal in 57, lambdoid in 26, metopic in 13, multiple in 19, syndromic in 33, and secondary in 28. The mean age (± SD) of the patients was 19.4 ± 23.0 months, and mean follow-up was 39.5 ± 21.0 months.

RESULTS

The mean operating time was 115 ± 43 minutes, and mean anesthesia time was 218 ± 56 minutes. The mean transfusion volume of red blood cell components was 48 ± 58 ml, and mean transfusion volume of fresh-frozen plasma was 19 ± 35 ml. Total transfusion volume was significantly less in infants younger than 12 months of age and in children with lower lumbar puncture pressures (p < 0.05). Complications included 1 (0.4%) death from postoperative acute pneumonia after a distractor removal operation and 23 (8%) surgical morbidities comprising 10 revisions (3.5%) and 13 early removals of distracters (4.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

TSDO is a simple, effective, and safe method to use for treating all types of craniosynostosis. Some morbidity was experienced in this study, but it may be attributed to the learning curve of the technique.
Effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet plan on pregnancy outcome patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yao Jie , Cong Lin , Zhu Benli , Wang Ting
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study is to test the effects of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet plan on pregnancy outcomes patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed among 33 women diagnosed with gestational diabetes. These patients were randomly distributed to the control group (n = 16) or DASH diet group (n = 17) for 4 weeks. Whereas 47.1% of women in the DASH diet needed to have a cesarean section, this percentage of mean gestational age in control diet was 81.3% (p<0.01). Approximately 23.5% of women in the DASH diet and 75% of women in control diet needed to commence insulin therapy after intervention (p<0.01). In conclusion, the effect of DASH diet improved pregnancy outcomes patients with gestational diabetes.

 
Effects of intravenous arginine on the healing of human skin graft donor sites: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Ke , Lin Wei , Wu Li-Jun , Qi Qiang , Shen Guo Liang , Liu Jian Jiang , Chen Wei Xin , Xu Jun , Qian Hangen , Zhao Xiao Yu
Published: September 2015

We expounded the effect of intravenous arginine on the healing of human skin graft donor sites. This randomized study was double blind and controlled by placebos from October 2012 to May 2015. Nine patients were selected into the arginine group and 10 were selected into the control group. There was no significance in age, weight, BMI, CRP, albumin and total plasma protein in arginine and control groups. Angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and neutrophil influx of wound healing were measured. The concentrations of plasma amino acid were measured to evaluate our intervention. In our study, plasma arginine and ornithine concentrations in arginine group were the highest after arginine-treated at 2 days. Supplementation of intravenous arginine could not affect on healing of human skin graft donor sites, improve angiogenesis, reepithelialization or neutrophil influx in rats.

 
Electrospray deposition of organic molecules on bulk insulator surfaces
Authors: Hinaut Antoine , Pawlak Rémy , Meyer Ernst , Glatzel Thilo
Published: September 2015

Large organic molecules are of important interest for organic-based devices such as hybrid photovoltaics or molecular electronics. Knowing their adsorption geometries and electronic structures allows to design and predict macroscopic device properties. Fundamental investigations in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) are thus mandatory to analyze and engineer processes in this prospects. With increasing size, complexity or chemical reactivity, depositing molecules by thermal evaporation becomes challenging. A recent way to deposit molecules in clean conditions is Electrospray Ionization (ESI). ESI keeps the possibility to work with large molecules, to introduce them in vacuum, and to deposit them on a large variety of surfaces. Here, ESI has been successfully applied to deposit triply fused porphyrin molecules on an insulating KBr(001) surface in UHV environment. Different deposition coverages have been obtained and characterization of the surface by in-situ atomic force microscopy working in the non-contact mode shows details of the molecular structures adsorbed on the surface. We show that UHV-ESI, can be performed on insulating surfaces in the sub-monolayer regime and to single molecules which opens the possibility to study a variety of complex molecules.
Semantic Web Based Integration of Knowledge Resources for Expertise Finding
Authors: Janev Valentina , Dudukovic Jovan , Vraneš Sanja
Published: September 2015

This article discusses the challenges of expertise data integration and expert finding in modern organizations using an illustrative case study of a concrete research-intensive establishment, the Mihajlo Pupin Institute (MPI). It presents how the latest semantic technologies (Ontologies, Web services, Semantic Wiki) could be used on the top of the commercial ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software (SAP®) and the open-source ECM (Enterprise Content Management) software (Alfresco) to ensure meaningful search and retrieval of expertise for in-house users, as well as the integration into the Semantic Web community space. This article points out the necessary adjustments in enterprise knowledge management infrastructure in the light of uprising initiatives for standardization of the Semantic Web data.
Effects of Stress Concentration on Fibre Reinforced Composites
Authors: Dong Chen Song
Published: September 2015

A study on the stress concentration of composite plates with a central circular hole subject to axial and bending loads is presented in this paper. The stress concentration of composite plates with a central circular hole subject to axial and bending loading was studied with the aid of finite element analysis. It is shown that geometry has a significant effect on stress concentration, while fibre volume fraction has little effect. The stress concentration factor decreases with increasing hole diameter to plate width ratio. Further analysis shows stress concentration is strongly dependent on anisotropy and the stress concentration factor increases with the longitudinal-transverse moduli ratio.
Evaluation of Very High Cycle Fatigue Properties of Low Temperature Nitrided Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Using Ultrasonic Testing Technology
Authors: Kikuchi Shoichi , Heinz Stefan , Eifler Dietmar , Nakamura Yuta , Ueno Akira
Published: September 2015

Fatigue tests were carried out at the stress ratio R = -1 using a 20 kHz ultrasonic testing facility to investigate the effects of low temperature nitriding on the fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime in detail. The oscillation and fatigue behavior of the nitrided Ti-alloy were characterized by measuring parameters like the ultrasonic generator power, the displacement of the specimens and dissipated energy under ultrasonic cyclic load. Moreover, the surface microstructure of the nitrided Ti-alloy was characterized using a micro-Vickers hardness tester, an optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscatter diffraction technique (EBSD) to clarify the fatigue fracture mechanism. The Ti-alloy nitrided at the temperature of 873 K showed duplex S-N properties consisting of the respective fracture modes of the surface fracture and the subsurface fracture. The low temperature nitriding reduced the surface fatigue life of Ti-alloy in comparison to the un-nitrided one due to the formation of a brittle titanium nitride (Ti2N), whereas the subsurface fatigue life in the VHCF regime was increased by the low temperature nitriding. In addition, the fatigue fracture mechanisms of the low temperature nitrided Ti-alloy were discussed from viewpoints of fractography and fracture mechanics.
Construction of Electronic Factual Database on Very High Cycle Fatigue Properties for Structural Metallic Materials
Authors: Sakai Tatsuo , Hanaki Koushu , Sakaida Akiyoshi , Okada Kenji , Nakamura Yuki , Mukoyama Kazutaka , Oguma Noriyasu , Matsumura Takashi , Shimamura Yoshinobu , Ueno Akira
Published: September 2015

As a joint project of Committees on Fatigue and Reliability Engineering in the Society of Materials Science, Japan (JSMS), an electronic database on fatigue strength of metallic materials fabricated in Japan had been constructed and published in 1996. Book style of the same data compilation had been published at the same time by the JSMS and Elsevier. About twenty years have passed since the above publications of database and databook. Thus, a lot of new fatigue test data have been obtained during such a long period including many data on the very high cycle fatigue such as gigacycle regime. Based on such a circumstance, the JSMS has organized a new project to construct an electronic database on very high cycle fatigue. A lot of numerical data obtained by fatigue tests would be compiled together with many photographs of fracture surfaces. In this paper, fundamental view and compilation concept of the database are briefly introduced by showing a typical example of proto-type database constructed from domestic data in Japan.
Influential Factors for Very High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Metallic Materials
Authors: Yu Ying Xia , He Bo Lin , Lv Zong Min , Wei Kang , Zhang Zhi Jun
Published: September 2015

In recent years, very high cycle fatigue has become a major concern in design and durability of engineering components and structures such as railway wheels, rails, offshore structures, bridges, load bearings, etc. There are some factors which have been assumed to influence the fatigue behavior for metallic materials in VHCF regime. But most factors influencing the VHCF behavior have not been studied thoroughly. In order to deeply understand the essence of material fatigue, the experimental and theoretical aspects of the factors influencing on very high cycle fatigue for metallic materials should be studied further more. This paper deals with an overview on the effect of factors on the property in very high cycle fatigue regime. Research trends and some conclusions in this field are briefly discussed and obtained.
Influence of High-Cycle Fatigue on Crater Wear Characteristics of Cemented Carbide Tool
Authors: Song Xiao Qi , Saigawa Junnosuke , Ihara Tohru
Published: September 2015

Recently, in order to make positively use of the effect of adhesive layer, which works as Build-up edge or Belag on the tool surface during machining operation, there have many investigations on the technique to reduce the wear of cutting tool. However, the mechanism of wear on the rake face is unknown and the reason why the adhesive layer can resist the abrasion is also unclear.This study aims to propose a new crater high-cycle fatigue wear model depending on the tool adhesion model established by the surface cluster on the interface between the Tool-Work Piece. By using this model we can elucidate the mechanism of adhesive layer. When the chip flows on the rake face, the commensurate phase occurs in the surface cluster on the interface, and the surface cluster slides in the similar form of dislocation. At the same time, the strong chemical bonding among the surface clusters becomes the repeat force which can result in the fatigue failure on the tool, and the tool crater wear happens. The energy dissipation process associates with the vibration of cluster, which increases the tool temperature rapidly. Therefore, the crater wear is a damage process on the tool with the high-temperature and high-cycle fatigue.In this study, the mechanism of crater wear when the cemented carbide cut the carbon steel was investigated using the adhesion cluster model, and the crater wear model was proposed to estimate the properties of the adhesive layer.
Thermal Dissipation Calculation in Very High Cycle Fatigue
Authors: Huang Zhi Yong , Wang Chong , Wang Qing Yuan
Published: September 2015

Very high cycle fatigue is often implemented with high test frequency to save time. The thermal dissipation accompanied with the high frequency appears and induces the temperature increment in the speicmen’s surface. The dissipation power is important and closely related with VHCF performance. The infrared camera is used to acquire the temperature distribution and evolution with a lot noisy which bring difficulties for the calculation. In the article, a thermal dissipation power calculation with time and space filtering method is proposed to give out the thermal dissipation. The two stages dissipation phenomenon with large difference is found out in the process of VHCF test.
On the Research and Application of Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing Technology
Authors: Peng Wen Jie , Wang Yue , Xue Huan , He Jia
Published: September 2015

In the present paper, the characteristic and the application of ultrasonic fatigue testing technology is illuminated. The main problems i.e. the size effect, the thermal effect and frequency effect due to the high frequency are discussed. The results show that: 1. As there is a size effect, a uniform specimen size should be adopted in the very-high cycle fatigue standard and for special designed specimen the designed size should be noted along with the fatigue test results; 2.the heat generation attributes mainly to the low yield strength and the high applied stress, as a result, ultrasonic fatigue testing technology can be mainly applied to the ultra-high cycle fatigue test of high-strength steel; 3.the frequency effect is related to the crystal structure of metallic materials, however, ultrasonic fatigue testing technology can be applied to conduct the comparison of the fatigue properties of the same steel grade before and after the smelting process.
Effect of Shot Peening on the Long Life Fatigue Properties of Ti6Al4V with Different Heat Treatment
Authors: Cao X.J. , Xu Luo Peng , Wang Chong , Jin Jiang , Wang Qing Yuan
Published: September 2015

In order to investigate the effect of shot peening on the long life fatigue properties of Ti6Al4V (TC4), ultrasonic fatigue tests were performed with a frequency of 20 kHz. According to different heat treatment, two groups of specimens were surface modified by shot peening with an Almen intensity of 0.10 mmA~ 0.15 mmA and an overlapping rate of 100%. One group was stress-relief annealed at 650 °C, and the other was then treated with solution-aging. With the shot peening, both the depth of the residual stress layer and the maximum compressive residual stress are increased. Surface hardness is also increased. The fatigue strength is increased, but enhancement is no more than 5% because of the increase of surface roughness. Noticeably, all of the TC4 specimens after shot peening show inner crack initiations. Oxide inclusion is always the core of cracks, and the small crack propagation in crack initiation area acts as the slip of α-phase.
Translating the Untranslated Region
Authors: Schwerk Johannes , Savan Ram
Published: September 2015

Gene expression programs undergo constant regulation to quickly adjust to environmental stimuli that alter the physiological status of the cell, like cellular stress or infection. Gene expression is tightly regulated by multilayered regulatory elements acting in both cis and trans. Posttranscriptional regulation of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) is a powerful regulatory process that determines the rate of protein translation from mRNA. Regulatory elements targeting the 3′ UTR include microRNAs, RNA-binding proteins, and long noncoding RNAs, which dramatically alter the immune response. We provide an overview of our current understanding of posttranscriptional regulation of immune gene expression. The focus of this review is on regulatory elements that target the 3′ UTR. We delineate how the synergistic or antagonistic interactions of posttranscriptional regulators determine gene expression levels and how dysregulation of 3′ UTR–mediated posttranscriptional control associates with human diseases.
Ephrem the Syrian’s hymn On the Crucifixion 4
Authors: Botha Philippus J.
Published: September 2015

This article offers a translation of the hymn  De Crucifixione 4 by Ephrem, the Syrian theologian, which forms part of his cycle of hymns for the celebration of Easter. The symbolic interpretation of particularly the tearing of the temple veil in this hymn – together with the cosmic signs which occurred at the death of Jesus – is investigated. An attempt is made to correlate Ephrem’s fierce anti-Jewish polemics with the intentions of the authors of the Synoptic Gospels and with Ephrem’s circumstances at the probable time of composition of the hymn.
Solar keratoma: An atypical case
Authors: Miller Sean M. , Katzwinkel Ralph H.
Published: September 2015

This case report shows that keratomas can occur in both hind feet of equine patients and should be considered as a diagnosis for long-standing, intermittent lameness localised to the hooves. A Thoroughbred racehorse presented with long-standing abscessation of the right hind hoof. Owing to the long-standing nature, the abscess draining tract was surgically explored. A focal mass was found within the solar horn. Histopathology revealed the mass to be a keratoma. A similar mass was removed from the left hind hoof a few months later after similar presenting signs. This case shows that keratomas can occur in more than one hoof within a short period and should be considered a differential diagnosis for long-standing lameness localised to the hoof.
Troubled reading: ‘Sonny’s blues’ and empathy
Authors: Kowalska Eva
Published: September 2015

This article uses a discussion of Baldwin’s short story ‘Sonny’s blues’ as a means of exploring reading and approaches to drug literature. It considers the possibility of understanding Baldwin’s fictional text as a statement on reading social as well as subjective ‘problems’ as universal across contexts. Using conclusions gleaned from a detailed reading of the primary text, as well as the contributions of others to the field, it argues for the importance of reading, as audience and as scholars, with the capacity to allow for the transformation of problematic subjective experience such as drug addiction into artistic expression with value beyond its initial context.
De fascinatie blijft: Recente Nederlandse reisliteratuur over het nieuwe Zuid-Afrika
Authors: Nas Loes
Published: September 2015

The fascination continues: Recent Dutch travel literature about the new South Africa. Recently, and within a relatively short period of time, ten Dutch language non-fiction books on the new South Africa were published. Dutch authors apparently continue to be fascinated by the history and inhabitants of this country and after more than fifteen years of democracy try to take stock of it from a Dutch perspective. Thus, in 2009 an epistolary travel report was published by Dylan van Eijkeren, Ik zag een aap: reisbrieven uit het nieuwste Zuid-Afrika, and Bram Vermeulen, correspondent for the quality paper NRC Handelsblad, wrote Help, Ik ben blank geworden: bekentenissen van een Afrika correspondent. From diverging perspectives these two authors reported on their experiences, expectations and disappointments in respect of the new South Africa. The travel writer experiences a modern version of the Great Trek whereas the journalist tries to fathom the complexity of the country after a blood bath. The article starts with an introductory overview of recent Dutch non-fiction on South Africa, placed in the context of postcolonial travel literature. This is followed by a close reading of the said two diverging texts.
Teaching of writing in two rural multigrade classes in the Western Cape
Authors: Blease Bernita , Condy Janet
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this research project was to understand how Cambourne’s theory of social constructivism, particularly his four instructional principles, was applied to the teaching of writing in two rural multigrade Foundation Phase classrooms in the Western Cape. Multigrade schools account for 30% of all primary schools in South Africa, but in most cases teachers are not able to provide quality education to learners. Writing in rural multigrade Foundation Phase schools is a largely neglected area for teacher development and research. Even those teaching multigrade classes are not sure how to approach it. The national curriculum, as well as our South African constitution, encourages teachers to inspire children with values based on respect, democracy, equality, human dignity and social justice. However, the two rural multigrade classes in this research project faced many challenges that hindered their ability to reach these goals. The main theoretical framework underpinning this study was based on Cambourne’s social constructivist theory, particularly his instructional principles including explicit, systematic, mindful and contextual teaching principles. This research was a qualitative study embedded within an interpretive case study. Two Foundation Phase teachers working in multigrade classrooms were purposively selected for this research. In conclusion, there is evidence that these two teachers used some of Cambourne’s instructional principles, in varying degrees, when teaching writing in their multigrade classes.[PDF to follow]
Training Grade R teachers to impart visual perceptual skills for early reading
Authors: Andrich Christelle , Hill Anne , Steenkamp Andre
Published: September 2015

Visual Perception is the mind’s ability to interpret or give meaning to what is seen with the eyes (WCED 2006). Grade Reception Phase (R) teachers, of five and six year-old learners, need to impart Visual Perceptual Skills (VPS) during visual training for pre-reading. These prereading activities in Grade R support early reading progress in Grade 1, which is critical for improving basic literacy and numeracy education in South Africa. A quality Grade R programme which can deliver these visual training outcomes depends on a progressive model for effective pre- and in-service professional development of teachers. A model implemented via academic-governmental collaboration. This article seeks to describe and recommend best practices of such professional development. The recommendations are based on an overview of the current Grade R professional development landscape, a brief exposition of the Subject Content Knowledge (SCK) of VPS, a document analysis of the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) curriculum and, finally, a case study with a discourse analysis involving four Grade R teachers.
A structural model of technology acceptance
Authors: Erasmus Etienne , Rothmann Sebastiaan , Van Eeden Chrizanne
Published: September 2015

Orientation: Enterprise resource systems have not always led to significant organisational enhancement and many projects in which these systems have been implemented turn out to be over budget, not on time and unsuccessful.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to test the technology acceptance model within a South African SAP® Enterprise Resource Planning user environment.Motivation for the study: No study could be traced in which the technology acceptance model has been evaluated in the South African context.Research approach, design and method: A cross-sectional survey design was used. The 23-item Technology Acceptance Model Questionnaire was deployed amongst SAP® Enterprise Resource Planning users (N = 241). Main findings: The results confirmed significant paths from perceived usefulness of the information system to attitudes towards and behavioural intentions to use it. Furthermore, behavioural intention to use the system predicted actual use thereof. Perceived ease of use indirectly affected attitudes towards and behavioural intentions to use via perceived usefulness of the information system.Practical/managerial implications: Practitioners should build user confidence by ensuring the ease of use of a new system, providing relevant education, training and guidance and reiterating its usefulness and future added value to the user’s job and career.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to scientific knowledge regarding the influence of individuals’ perceptions of information system usage on their attitudes, behavioural intentions and actual use of such a system.
Dimensionality of trust: An analysis of the relations between propensity, trustworthiness and trust
Authors: Heyns Marita , Rothmann Sebastiaan
Published: September 2015

Orientation: Research concerning trust relationships on the interpersonal level, particularly when studied in dyadic relationships from the follower’s point of view, is relatively scarce. Only a few researchers have attempted to link multiple dimensions of trust in the same study.Research purpose: This study examined the dynamic interplay between trust propensity, trustworthiness beliefs and the decision to trust, as perceived within dyadic workplace relationships. Motivation for the study: No studies, as far as the authors are aware, have ever attempted to use a combination of Mayer and Davis’s well-known assessment of trustworthiness and Gillespie’s measure of behavioural trust within the same study. By including measures of main antecedents and the actual decision to trust in the same study, the multidimensionality of trust can be established more concretely.Research approach, design and method: A cross-sectional survey design with a convenience sample (N = 539) was used. The Behavioural Trust Inventory and the Organisational Trust Instrument were administered.Main findings: Results confirmed the distinctness of propensity, trustworthiness and trust as separate main constructs. Trust was strongly associated with trustworthiness beliefs. Trustworthiness beliefs fully mediated the relationship between propensity and trust. The observed relations between propensity and trustworthiness suggest that individuals with a natural predisposition to trust others will be more inclined to perceive a specific trust referent as trustworthy.Practical/managerial implications: Leaders should realise that their attitudes and behaviour have a decisive impact on trust formation processes: if they are being perceived as trustworthy, followers will be likely to respond by engaging in trusting behaviours towards them. Tools to assess followers’ perceptions of the trustworthiness of the leader may provide useful feedback that can guide leaders.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to scientific knowledge regarding the influence of propensity to trust and trustworthiness on trust of leaders.
Endoscopic management of ingested foreign bodies and food impaction in esophagus
Authors: Singh Bir , Nijhawan Sandeep , Narayan Kumar Shwetanshu , Kumar Amritesh
Published: September 2015

Foreign body (FB) in the esophagus is a common emergency presentation in all age groups, especially in children. The immediate risk can range from a minimal one to a life-threatening scenario. Food impactions generally occur when there is altered anatomy (rings, webs or strictures) or motility disorders of the esophagus. The initial management approach includes a thorough history and physical examination followed by radiological investigations. Flexible endoscopy not only confirms the diagnosis but also is the therapeutic modality of choice for removing FBs and relieving the obstruction. This review aims to provide a comprehensive approach towards endoscopic management of esophageal FBs based on current literature and personal experience. The management problems associated with different types of FBs have also been highlighted.
Transgastric migration of gossypiboma: A preventable complication
Authors: Goenka Mahesh Kumar , Jha Ashish Kumar , Goenka Usha
Published: September 2015

Gossypiboma is term given for retained piece of cotton/sponge during surgery. The incidence of gossypiboma has described as 1 in 1000-3000 surgeries. Incidence is underestimated because of underreporting due to fear of medico-legal litigation and extreme criticism by media. Intraluminal migration is a rare complication of gossypiboma. Small intestine is most common intraluminal site followed by duodenum. Here, we report sixth case of transgastric migration of gossypiboma.
Primary choledocholithiasis after long-term self-expansible metallic stent for ampullary carcinoma: A rare case
Authors: Joshi Mohan , Paranjpe Ashwini , Gadhire Minakshi
Published: September 2015

In patients with periampullary carcinoma presenting in the inoperable stage, self-expansible metallic stents (SEMS) are preferred for palliation of jaundice. The primary common bile duct (CBD) stones are very rare in a patient who is treated with SEMS for ampullary cancer. We report here a case of primary CBD stones after 2 years of placement of SEMS, whether, reflux of duodenal contents or foreign body reaction to the stent material is the etiology of the formation of stone is a matter of debate.
Endoscopic removal of eroded adjustable gastric band in a pregnant patient
Authors: Gochnour David C. , Snyder Brad E. , Wilson Erik B. , Walker Peter A. , Shah Shinil K.
Published: September 2015

Complications of the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, including erosion, have been well described. Increasingly, endoscopic techniques are being utilized to manage complications of this and other weight loss procedures. The authors presented what was believed to be one of the first reported cases of successful endoscopic removal of an eroded gastric band during pregnancy. A complete description of the case and review of the relevant literature is provided. Endoscopy for management of eroded adjustable gastric bands needs to be part of the armamentarium of surgeons and endoscopists who deal with complications of weight loss surgery.