bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Genetic Variability for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Safflower Core Subset Germplasm
Authors: Pushpavalli SNCVL , Govardhani A. , Reddy T. Rajeshwar , Sudhakar C. , Sudharani C. , Satish P.
Published: September 2024

One hundred and fifty safflower genotypes of Core subset germplasm provided by ICAR-IIOR, were evaluated to study genetic variability, correlation and principal component analysis (PCA). A wide range of phenotypic data with near normal distribution was observed for most of the traits analysed. High variability was observed for all the traits studied indicating diverse nature of the germplasm. Significant positive correlation was observed for seed yield with test weight and oil content. Genotype GMU 6869 has been identified as potential genotype surpassing the best check A1 for seed yield and earliness. Twenty three genotypes significantly superior to the 2nd best check PBNS-12 were identified. High heritability along with GAM was recorded for the traits number of effective capitula/plant, test weight and single plant yield indicating that these characters may be considered as selection criteria for genetic improvement in safflower. Principal component analysis revealed that first four principal components contributed 65.2% of total variance. PCA-variables plot and PCA Bi-plots revealed that two traits viz., LPB and HPB contributed maximum variations in PC1, while two traits viz., DAF & DAM contributed to the maximum variability in PC-2. Safflower accessions displaying highest performance for the traits studied were identified. These genotypes can be used as parental lines for improvement of specific traits in safflower breeding program.
Evaluation of Medication Adherence among Hypertensive Patients Attending Cardiology Clinic in a Tertiary Health Facility in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Iziengbe Iyoriobhe , Frances Chiegboka S. , Chibuzor Okonkwo S. , Collins Ezedigwe O. , Edidiongobong Usoro U.T , Caleb Okolo C. , Ighodalo Enotiemonria J. , Daniel Awolo O. , Albert Ugwoke O. , O. Eman-Henshaw , Ohis Ohioma M. , C. Ohanenye Michael , Williams Madu C. , Precious Akhaine J.
Published: September 2024

Background: High blood pressure (HBP) is considered one of the most challenging public health problems worldwide and reported as the leading risk factor for both cardiovascular death and hospitalization. If blood pressure is not properly controlled, it can cause complications such as: heart failure, stroke, renal disease, visual disturbances, sexual dysfunction, et cetera. Many people may not be aware of the state of their blood pressure.
Objectives: To assess treatment adherence amongst diagnosed hypertensive patients in cardiology clinic in a tertiary health facility.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among 126 patients for a period of 7months (April-November 2022) in the outpatient’s cardiology clinic. The study employed a convenience sampling technique. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0 software. The Chi square test was used to check for association and the level of significance was set as p < 0.05.
Results: The majority of respondents, 125 (99.2%), were aware of hypertension, with most, 102 (81.0%), learning about it through hospitals. Majority of respondents 89(70.6%) had poor adherence opposed to 37(29.4%) who had good adherence. About 66(52.4%) take their medication as much as they can despite financial constraint. Also, most respondents 77(61.1%) good knowledge of the complications of hypertension as opposed to 49(38.9%).
Conclusion: In this study, it was noted that there was poor adherence to antihypertensive with a consideration number of participants forgetting their medication sometimes. It was clearly evident that respondents understood and experienced the side effects of hypertension.
Effect of Organic Sources of Nutrients and Bio Inoculants on Diversity of Microbes in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Parajapati Madhu , Sourabh Pragya
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-2024 at Research Farm, Department of environmental science, college of Sehore, Mansarovar Global university Sehore (MP). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with sixteen treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The study on the effect of organic sources of nutrient and bio-inoculants on diversity of microbe under chickpea. It is clear from the data that the highest microbial cells count like Rhizobium (16.43 x 106 cfu/g soil) (cfu- colony forming unit), PSB (Phosphate solubilizing bacteria) (19.03 x 106 cfu/g soil) was recorded under application of vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 followed by FYM (farm yard manure) @ 5 t ha-1 along with Rhizobium and PSB (12.25 x 106 cfu/g soil) and (17.72 x 106 cfu/g soil), respectively. Whereas, highest fungi and actinomycetes count were observed under FYM @ 5 t ha-1 in combination with bio-inoculants and recorded 41.30 x 104 cfu/g and 12.92 x 103 cfu/g soil, respectively followed by vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1 with same inoculants. Whereas the lowest population of fungi was recorded under control along with combined application of bio-fertilizers (29.23 x 104 cfu/g and 7.25 x 103 cfu/g soil).
Evaluation of Fungicides against Fusarium pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc. causing Wilt of Coriander In vitro
Authors: Pithiya Divya G , Kanzaria Keshavji K
Published: September 2024

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the most important spice crop known to affect by various diseases. Among them, coriander wilt causes serious problems and it is also caused by a newly reported causal agent Fusarium pallidoroseum (Cooke) Sacc. Hence, F. pallidoroseum being new pathogen on coriander, a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of different non-systemic fungicides at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm; systemic fungicides at 100, 250 and 500 ppm and ready-mix fungicides at 500, 750 and 1000 ppm concentrations against F. pallidoroseum using Poisoned Food Technique. The results revealed that, among non-systemic fungicides, copper oxychloride 50 WP at all concentration found significantly superior with cent per cent mycelial growth inhibition. In contrast, propineb 70 WP found least effective at 1000 ppm concentration (2.71%). Among systemic fungicides, flusilazole 40 EC and thiophanate methyl 70 WP each at 500 ppm concentration gave cent per cent mycelial growth inhibition of F. pallidoroseum. While, kresoxim methyl 44.3 SC found least effective at 100 and 250 ppm concentration (9.74 and 12.95%). Among ready-mix fungicides, prochloraz 5.7 + tebuconazole 1.4 ES at all concentration and azoxystrobin 18.2 + difenoconazole 11.4 SC at 1000 ppm concentration found effective and showed cent per cent mycelial growth inhibition of F. pallidoroseum. While, fluxapyroxad 25 + pyraclostrobin 25 SC at 500 ppm found least effective (18.34%).
Design of a Tri-band Minkowski Fractal MIMO Antenna for FR2 5G Applications
Authors: Udeze Ngozi Peggy , Orakwue Stella Ifeoma , Ehikhamenle Matthew I.
Published: September 2024

The growing importance of fifth-generation (5G) communication technologies for the Internet-of-Things have made it necessary to design multi-element antennas that operate within the millimetre-wave spectrum. However, simultaneously achieving multiple operating frequencies, high gain and good isolation between the elements of such small-sized antennas is a challenging task. In this research, a composite right/left hand millimetre-wave fractal antenna was designed for 5G mobile terminals, in order to simultaneously satisfy these key design goals. This aim was accomplished by designing a 2 x 2 multiple-input, multiple output (MIMO) antenna based on the second-order Minkowski fractal using an electromagnetics simulation software, Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite ®. Two composite-right/left hand structures were included on the reverse side of the antenna, to reduce the coupling between the MIMO antenna elements. Simulation results show that the designed antenna operates at three frequency bands within the millimetre-wave spectrum, namely 25.52 GHz – 28.23 GHz, 36.5 GHz – 37.5 GHz, and 47.7 GHz – 49.7 GHz. The maximum antenna gains at these three bands are 6.9 dBi, 7.5 dBi, and 6.0 dBi, respectively. Also, good isolation is realized between the antenna elements at the operating frequencies, with a minimum value of 10.8 dB. With a spacing of 0.03λ between the MIMO antenna elements, the overall size of the designed antenna was 30 mm x 12 mm x 0.508 mm, which compares positively with other related fractal antenna designs. The designed antenna shows good prospects for integration into various mobile terminal devices to aid 5G-based millimetre-wave communications.
Sediment, water column, and open‐channel denitrification in rivers measured using membrane‐inlet mass spectrometry
Authors: Reisinger Alexander J. , Tank Jennifer L. , Hoellein Timothy J. , Hall Robert O.
Published: April 2016

Riverine biogeochemical processes are understudied relative to headwaters, and reach‐scale processes in rivers reflect both the water column and sediment. Denitrification in streams is difficult to measure, and is often assumed to occur only in sediment, but the water column is potentially important in rivers. Dissolved nitrogen (N) gas flux (as dinitrogen (N2)) and open‐channel N2 exchange methods avoid many of the artificial conditions and expenses of common denitrification methods like acetylene block and 15N‐tracer techniques. We used membrane‐inlet mass spectrometry and microcosm incubations to quantify net N2 and oxygen flux from the sediment and water column of five Midwestern rivers spanning a land use gradient. Sediment and water column denitrification ranged from below detection to 1.8 mg N m−2 h−1 and from below detection to 4.9 mg N m−2 h−1, respectively. Water column activity was variable across rivers, accounting for 0–85% of combined microcosm denitrification and 39–85% of combined microcosm respiration. Finally, we estimated reach‐scale denitrification at one Midwestern river using a diel, open‐channel N2 exchange approach based on reach‐scale metabolism methods, providing an integrative estimate of riverine denitrification. Reach‐scale denitrification was 8.8 mg N m−2 h−1 (95% credible interval: 7.8–9.7 mg N m−2 h−1), higher than combined sediment and water column microcosm estimates from the same river (4.3 mg N m−2 h−1) and other estimates of reach‐scale denitrification from streams. Our denitrification estimates, which span habitats and spatial scales, suggest that rivers can remove N via denitrification at equivalent or higher rates than headwater streams.
Limited impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on marine productivity due to biogeochemical feedbacks in a global ocean model
Authors: Somes Christopher J. , Landolfi Angela , Koeve Wolfgang , Oschlies Andreas
Published: April 2016

The impact of increasing anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen deposition on marine biogeochemistry is uncertain. We performed simulations to quantify its effect on nitrogen cycling and marine productivity in a global 3‐D ocean biogeochemistry model. Nitrogen fixation provides an efficient feedback by decreasing immediately to deposition, whereas water column denitrification increases more gradually in the slowly expanding oxygen deficient zones. Counterintuitively, nitrogen deposition near oxygen deficient zones causes a net loss of marine nitrogen due to the stoichiometry of denitrification. In our idealized atmospheric deposition simulations that only account for nitrogen cycle perturbations, these combined stabilizing feedbacks largely compensate deposition and suppress the increase in global marine productivity to <2%, in contrast to a simulation that neglects nitrogen cycle feedbacks that predicts an increase of >15%. Our study emphasizes including the dynamic response of nitrogen fixation and denitrification to atmospheric nitrogen deposition to predict future changes of the marine nitrogen cycle and productivity.
Layer‐by‐Layer Processed Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yifan , Zhan Xiaowei
Published: April 2016

Layer‐by‐layer (LL) processes, i.e., sequential deposition of different active layers, are widely used in the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs). Recently, LL vacuum deposition and LL solution processes have attracted considerable attention. LL processing presents some advantages over the blend method: a) donor and acceptor layers can be easily and independently controlled and optimized; b) the charge carriers dissociated from excitons at the donor–acceptor interface are confined to each phase, so bimolecular recombination losses can be reduced; c) bilayer geometries enable an easier way for understanding the physical processes taking place at the donor–acceptor interface; d) desired vertical phase separation for charge extraction can be obtained through changing the sequence of donor and acceptor deposition. This report summarizes the recent developments of LL processed OSCs. The remaining problems and challenges, and the key research direction in near future are discussed.
Variation of skeletal degenerative joint disease features in an identified Italian modern skeletal collection
Authors: Zampetti Stefania , Mariotti Valentina , Radi Nico , Belcastro Maria Giovanna
Published: April 2016

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of degenerative joint disease (DJD) features (marginal lipping, porosity, surface osteophytes, eburnation, and loss of joint morphology) with sex, age, and occupation.

Materials and Methods

We devised a recording method for scoring the single features in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle of an Italian skeletal sample of 332 individuals (males = 161, females = 171) of known sex, age, and occupation from the Frassetto collection (Sassari, Sardinia, 19th–20th century).

Results

Our data revealed that: (1) the frequency of all features increases with age; (2) porosity is the first feature to appear, being in general the most frequent feature in young adults; (3) sex differences are especially found in the upper limbs of mature and elderly adults; (4) marginal lipping and surface osteophytes show a lesser age correlation and, in general, higher frequencies in the left lower limb; (5) no differences were found among different occupations.

Discussion

We explain these results in light of different metabolic and adaptive processes in relation to age and sex. Static (weight‐bearing) rather than dynamic mechanical stress could play a pivotal role in the distribution of the features observed in the lower limbs. The considerable increase in marginal lipping and surface osteophytes in elderly adults may be an adaptation for sustaining mechanical loading, balancing the loss of bone tissue which is characteristic of ageing processes (osteopenia, osteoporosis). Am J Phys Anthropol, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:683–693, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of Nanoscrolls by Rolling up Graphene Oxide–Polydopamine–Au Sheets using Lyophilization Method
Authors: Yang Yongfang , Zhang Xiaolu , Wang Hefang , Tang Honghao , Xu Lidong , Li Hua , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2016

Graphene oxide–polydopamine–Au (GO–PDA–Au) nanoscrolls were prepared by rolling up GO–PDA–Au sheets through a simple lyophilization method. The structure of GO–PDA–Au nanoscrolls and GO–PDA–Au sheets were compared by powder X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that the heterogeneous GO–PDA–Au nanoscrolls were synthesized successfully. Polydopamine (PDA) attached at the surface of GO sheets served as binding reagents to anchor and disperse Au nanoparticles (NPs). The electrocatalytic activity of methanol with GO–PDA–Au nanoscrolls and GO–PDA–Au sheets as electrodes were conducted. Compared to GO–PDA–Au sheets, GO–PDA–Au nanoscrolls showed better electrocatalytic activity and electrochemical stability owing to their scrolled structure. This article provides a simple and effective method to prepare GO nanoscrolls containing metal NPs that broadens the applications of the graphene‐based materials in optical, magnetic, and catalytic fields.
One‐Step Electrodeposition of NiCo2S4 Nanosheets on Patterned Platinum Electrodes for Non‐Enzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Kannan Padmanathan Karthick , Hu Chunxiao , Morgan Hywel , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: April 2016

The preparation of NiCo2S4 (NCS) nanosheets on photolithographically patterned platinum electrodes by electrodeposition was explored. The as‐prepared nanosheets were systematically characterized by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The NCS‐modified Pt electrode was used as a non‐enzymatic glucose sensor. The sensor response exhibited two linear regions in glucose concentration, with a limit of detection of 1.2 μm. The sensors showed that the as‐prepared NCS nanosheets have excellent electrocatalytic activity towards glucose with long stability, good reproducibility, and excellent anti‐interference properties, and thus, this material holds promise for the development of a practical glucose sensor.
Synthesis of Two‐dimensional Microporous Carbonaceous Polymer Nanosheets and Their Application as High‐performance CO2 Capture Sorbent
Authors: Zhang Miao , Liu Lin , He Teng , Wu Guotao , Chen Ping
Published: April 2016

The synthesis of two‐dimensional (2D) polymer nanosheets with a well‐defined microporous structure remains challenging in materials science. Here, a new kind of 2D microporous carbonaceous polymer nanosheets was synthesized through polymerization of a very low concentration of 1,4‐dicyanobenzene in molten zinc chloride at 400–500 °C. This type of nanosheets has a thickness in the range of 3–20 nm, well‐defined microporosity, a high surface area (∼537 m2 g−1), and a large micropore volume (∼0.45 cm3 g−1). The microporous carbonaceous polymer nanosheets exhibit superior CO2 sorption capability (8.14 wt % at 298 K and 1 bar) and a relatively high CO2 selectivity toward N2 (25.6). Starting from different aromatic nitrile monomers, a variety of 2D carbonaceous polymer nanosheets can be obtained showing a certain universality of the ionothermal method reported herein.
Janus Composite Nanotubes
Authors: Chen Ying , Liu Zhen , Qu Xiaozhong , Liang Fuxin , Yang Zhenzhong
Published: April 2016

We propose a facile method to achieve paramagnetic Janus nanotubes with two compositions compartmentalized onto the interior and exterior surfaces, respectively. A sulfonated polydivinylbenzene (PDVB) nanotube is prepared by simple sulfonation of the exterior surface of a PDVB nanotube. Silica@FeOOH dual layers are sequentially grown onto the sulfonated PDVB nanotube surface. The composite nanotubes become paramagnetic after calcination and can be broken into shorter pieces under vigorous ultrasonication. After selective modification of the interior and exterior surfaces of the paramagnetic nanotubes, the nanotube shell becomes Janus in wettability. Desired hydrophobic species can be selectively captured inside the cavity. The paramagnetic Janus composite nanotubes can align into parallel chains under a magnetic field, which is self‐disassembled upon removal of the magnetic field.
A quantitative threshold for high/low extent of urinary excretion of compounds in humans
Authors: Dave Rutwij A. , Morris Marilyn E.
Published: April 2016

In this study, a quantitative threshold was determined for the high/low extent of urinary excretion (UE) of compounds in humans, using a straightforward but robust statistical method known as receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and also 18 potential physicochemical determinants of UE were evaluated. Data on the percent of drug excreted unchanged into the urine, %Ae, were used to determine the threshold for high/low UE. Compounds can be divided into high/low UE groups using the threshold value of Ae = 16.8%, namely those with Ae > 16.8% are classified as high UE and those with Ae ≤ 16.8% as low UE. The %Ae negatively correlated with cLogP (r = −0.56); however, cLogP could not quantitatively predict the value of %Ae (R2adj. = 0.32). Several determinants of the extent of UE, including cLogP, ACD labs cLogP and ACD labs cLogD(pH=7.4), were successfully evaluated as a priori indicators of the extent of UE using two cut‐off values for each parameter. Moreover, 87% of the 90 compounds in the external validation set were correctly classified using this approach. Analysis of the physicochemical spaces of compounds in these two groups showed significant overlap, which hinders the a priori determination of the extent of UE of compounds using a single threshold/cut‐off value of simple physicochemical parameters. In conclusion, 16.8% is a quantitative threshold value to distinguish between high and low UE and new molecular entities with cLogP and ACD labs cLogP values of ≤0.7 and ≥1.0 and ACD labs cLogD(pH=7.4) values of ≤0.0 and ≥0.5 could be identified as exhibiting high and low UE, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular crowding impacts the structure of apolipoprotein A‐I with potential implications on in vivo metabolism and function
Authors: Petrlova Jitka , Hilt Silvia , Budamagunta Madhu , Domingo‐Espín Joan , Voss John C. , Lagerstedt Jens O.
Published: April 2016

The effect molecular crowding, defined as the volume exclusion exerted by one soluble inert molecule upon another soluble molecule, has on the structure and self‐interaction of lipid‐free apoA‐I were explored. The influence of molecular crowding on lipid‐free apoA‐I oligomerization and internal dynamics has been analyzed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy measurements of nitroxide spin label at selected positions throughout the protein sequence and at varying concentrations of the crowding agent Ficoll‐70. The targeted positions include sites previously shown to be sensitive for detecting intermolecular interaction via spin–spin coupling. Circular dichroism was used to study secondary structural changes in lipid‐free apoA‐I imposed by increasing concentrations of the crowding agent. Crosslinking and SDS‐PAGE gel analysis was employed to further characterize the role molecular crowding plays in inducing apoA‐I oligomerization. It was concluded that the dynamic apoA‐I structure and oligomeric state was altered in the presence of the crowding agent. It was also found that the C‐terminal was slightly more sensitive to molecular crowding. Finally, the data described the region around residue 217 in the C‐terminal domain of apoA‐I as the most sensitive reporter of the crowding‐induced self‐association of apoA‐I. The implications of this behavior to in vivo functionality are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 683–692, 2016.
Three-dimensional printing and the surgeon
Authors: de Mel A
Published: April 2016

Increasingly useful for many surgeons
Vertical integration of biochemistry and clinical medicine using a near‐peer learning model
Authors: Gallan Alexander J. , Offner Gwynneth D. , Symes Karen
Published: April 2016

Vertical integration has been extensively implemented across medical school curricula but has not been widely attempted in the field of biochemistry. We describe a novel curricular innovation in which a near‐peer learning model was used to implement vertical integration in our medical school biochemistry course. Senior medical students developed and facilitated a case‐based small group session for first year biochemistry students. Students were surveyed before and after the session on their attitudes about biochemistry, as well as the effectiveness of the session. Prior to the session, the students believed biochemistry was more important to understanding the basic science of medicine than it was to understanding clinical medicine or becoming a good physician. The session improved students' attitudes about the importance of biochemistry in clinical medicine, and after the session they now believe that understanding biochemistry is equally important to the basic sciences as clinical medicine. Students would like more sessions and believe the senior student facilitators were knowledgeable and effective teachers. The facilitators believe they improved their teaching skills. This novel combination of near‐peer learning and vertical integration in biochemistry provided great benefit to both first year and senior medical students, and can serve as a model for other institutions. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(6):507–516, 2016.
Simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin from total glucosides of paeony in Sprague–Dawley rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: in vivo and in vitro studies
Authors: Xiong Shan , Wang Yuyun
Published: April 2016

Paeoniflorin is a well‐known monoterpene glucoside in the herbal drug that exhibits a number of biological activities. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of paeoniflorin from total glucosides of paeony in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are still unclear. It is essential to investigate the in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic differences of paeoniflorin from total glucosides of paeony in Sprague–Dawley (SD) and SHR. The in vivo pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using DAS 2.0 software and the in vitro metabolic characteristics were measured using rat hepatic microsomes. The concentration of paeoniflorin in biological samples was determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method, which showed good precision and stability. The plasma concentration–time profiles of paeoniflorin following oral administration of total glucosides of paeony showed a single peak and there were significant differences in the mean values of AUC(0–t), AUC(0–∞), CLz/F and Tmax between SD and SHR (p < 0.05). The metabolic rate of paeoniflorin from total glucosides of paeony was slower in SHR than in SD rats (p < 0.05). The results might be useful in further applications of paeoniflorin and total glucosides of paeony. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo injection of α‐bungarotoxin to improve the efficiency of motor endplate labeling
Authors: Chen Wentao , Yu Tingting , Chen Bo , Qi Yisong , Zhang Peixun , Zhu Dan , Yin Xiaofeng , Jiang Baoguo
Published: April 2016

Introduction

Motor endplates are composed of a motor neuron terminal and muscle fiber and are distributed in skeletal muscle, causing muscle contraction. However, traditional motor endplate staining methods are limited to the observation of partial skeletal muscle. The procedure was time‐consuming due to strict incubation conditions, and usually provided unsatisfactory results. We explored a novel method to label motor endplate rapidly by in vivo injection of fluorescent α‐bungarotoxin.

Methods

Fifty‐two mice were randomly divided into two groups, an experiment group (n = 50), and a contrast group (n = 2). In experiment group, α‐bungarotoxin was injected via the caudal vein. The injection dosages were designated as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 μg/g. The experimental mice were divided into five subgroups of ten mice per group. The contrast group was only injected with 200 μL normal saline solution. Bilateral gastrocnemius were acquired for microscope analysis and optical clearing to seek specific fluorescent signal.

Results

A dose of 0.3 μg/g of α‐bungarotoxin with 1 h conjugation time could display the number and structure of motor endplate in plane view. Compared with the traditional procedure, this method was rapid, convenient, and time‐saving. Combined with the optical clearing technique, spatial distribution could also be seen, helping to better understand the stereoscopic view of motor endplate position in skeletal muscle.

Conclusions

In vivo injection of α‐bungarotoxin proved effective for studying motor endplate in skeletal muscle.
Ovine fetal mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes, effects of co‐culture, role of small molecules; reversine and 5‐azacytidine
Authors: Soltani Leila , Rahmani Hamid Reza , Daliri Joupari Morteza , Ghaneialvar Hori , Mahdavi Amir Hossein , Shamsara Mehdi
Published: April 2016

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of small molecules: Reversine and 5‐azacytidine (5‐AC), in an indirect co‐culture condition with the cardiac fibroblasts as well as non co‐culture condition, in order to explore the effect of such molecules in the process of differentiation of the ovine bone‐marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) towards cardiomyocytes. Surface antigens of the isolated cells were analysed using flow‐cytometry. In addition, following to three passages cells were examined for their differentiation capacity into osteocytes and adipose cells, in order to ensure the mesenchymal origin of the stem cells. Six types of treatments were carried out in the present investigation, such that, in the first treatment BM‐MSCs were cultured for 28 days as control group; the second treatment was composed of culturing ovine fetal cardiac fibroblasts on inserts, aiming to use these inserts for culturing plates which were seeded with BM‐MSCs (Chamber group). As the third treatment, BM‐MSCs were supplemented with 10‐μM 5‐AC and incubated for 48 h. The fourth treatment was composed of supplementing BM‐MSCs with the 600‐nM reversine, incubated for 48 h, and subsequently the incubation was further extended for another 48 h in the presence of 5‐AC. The fifth treatment was composed of supplementing the chamber group with 10‐μM 5‐AC and incubation for 48 h, and the last or the sixth treatment was such that chamber group was supplemented with 600‐nM reversine and an incubation period of 48 h. Following to the incubation, medium was replaced with 10‐μM 5‐AC and further incubated for another round of 48 h. In all treatments, following to addition of the small molecules incubations were carried out for 28 days; same as controls. Expression of cardiac alpha‐actinin was analysed by immunocytochemistry. BM‐MSCs have shown to express CD44 and CD166 along with a weak expression of the CD90, CD34, in addition to CD45. Multilineage differentiation has indicated that BM‐MSCs could differentiate into adipose and osteocytes cells as well. In the treatment 4 it was observed that FGF signalling involved genes and all cardiac‐related genes (ANP, MYH6 and Troponin I) were significantly expressed, except connexin 43 compared to other treatments. All treatments received small molecules, either alone or as a co‐culture were seen to express sarcomeric alpha‐actinin. This finding was partially supported by immunocytochemistry. These results validate that reversine and 5‐AC have an effect on ovine BM‐MSC differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Kinetic Characterisation of Water‐Soluble Fluorogenic Acyl Donors for Transglutaminase 2
Authors: Wodtke Robert , Schramm Georg , Pietzsch Jens , Pietsch Markus , Löser Reik
Published: April 2016

Small glutamate‐containing peptides bearing coumarin derivatives as fluorescent leaving groups attached to the γ‐carboxylic acid group of the Glu residue were synthesised and investigated with regard to their potential to act as substrates for transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2). Their synthesis was accomplished by an efficient solid‐phase approach. The excellent water solubility of the compounds enabled their extensive kinetic characterisation in the context of TGase 2‐catalysed hydrolysis and aminolysis. The influence of the coumarin skeleton's substitution pattern on the kinetic properties was studied. Derivatives containing 7‐hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin (HMC) revealed properties superior to those of their 7‐hydroxycoumarin counterparts; analogous amides are not accepted as substrates. Z‐Glu(HMC)‐Gly‐OH, which exhibited the best substrate properties out of the investigated derivatives, was selected for representative kinetic characterisation of acyl acceptor substrates and irreversible inhibitors.
5′‐(E)‐Vinylphosphonate: A Stable Phosphate Mimic Can Improve the RNAi Activity of siRNA–GalNAc Conjugates
Authors: Parmar Rubina , Willoughby Jennifer L. S. , Liu Jingxuan , Foster Donald J. , Brigham Benjamin , Theile Christopher S. , Charisse Klaus , Akinc Akin , Guidry Erin , Pei Yi , Strapps Walter , Cancilla Mark , Stanton Matthew G. , Rajeev Kallanthottathil G. , Sepp‐Lorenzino Laura , Manoharan Muthiah , Meyers Rachel , Maier Martin A. , Jadhav Vasant
Published: April 2016

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated silencing requires siRNA loading into the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC). Presence of 5′‐phosphate (5′‐P) is reported to be critical for efficient RISC loading of the antisense strand (AS) by anchoring it to the mid‐domain of the Argonaute2 (Ago2) protein. Phosphorylation of exogenous duplex siRNAs is thought to be accomplished by cytosolic Clp1 kinase. However, although extensive chemical modifications are essential for siRNA–GalNAc conjugate activity, they can significantly impair Clp1 kinase activity. Here, we further elucidated the effect of 5′‐P on the activity of siRNA–GalNAc conjugates. Our results demonstrate that a subset of sequences benefit from the presence of exogenous 5′‐P. For those that do, incorporation of 5′‐(E)‐vinylphosphonate (5′‐VP), a metabolically stable phosphate mimic, results in up to 20‐fold improved in vitro potency and up to a threefold benefit in in vivo activity by promoting Ago2 loading and enhancing metabolic stability.
Now you see me, now you don't: The case of a vanishing outflow gradient in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Corrigan Frank E. , Douglas John S.
Published: April 2016

Cardiogenic shock is well described in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) as acute hemodynamic collapse can develop in the setting of acute worsening of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. We present the case of a 60‐year‐old man with drug refractory LVOT obstruction due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. On the evening prior to planned alcohol septal ablation, the patient presented in cardiogenic shock. Interestingly, his previously recorded LVOT gradients of 50 mm Hg at rest and 118 mm Hg at peak exercise were absent. With recovery of left ventricular function, significant left ventricular outflow obstruction returned. The patient then underwent successful septal reduction therapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleosome Assembly Alters the Accessibility of the Antitumor Agent Duocarmycin B2 to Duplex DNA
Authors: Zou Tingting , Kizaki Seiichiro , Pandian Ganesh N. , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: April 2016

To evaluate the reactivity of antitumor agents in a nucleosome architecture, we conducted in vitro studies to assess the alkylation level of duocarmycin B2 on nucleosomes with core and linker DNA using sequencing gel electrophoresis. Our results suggested that the alkylating efficiencies of duocarmycin B2 were significantly decreased in core DNA and increased at the histone‐free linker DNA sites when compared with naked DNA conditions. Our finding that nucleosome assembly alters the accessibility of duocarmycin B2 to duplex DNA could advance its design as an antitumor agent.
Fundamental Differences between Group 8 Metals: Unexpected Oxidation State Preferences and Mechanisms in Ruthenium Borylene Complex Formation
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Damme Alexander , Dewhurst Rian D. , Radacki Krzysztof , Weißenberger Felix , Wennemann Benedikt , Ye Qing
Published: April 2016

The reaction of the salts K[Ru(CO)3(PMe3)(SiR3)] (R=Me, Et) with Br2BDur or Cl2BDur (Dur=2,3,5,6‐Me4C6H) leads to both boryl and borylene complexes of divalent ruthenium, the former through simple salt elimination and the latter through subsequent CO loss and 1,2‐halide shift. The balance of products can be altered by varying the reaction conditions; boryl complexes can be favored by the addition of CO, and borylene complexes by removal of CO under vacuum. All of these products are in competition with the corresponding (aryl)(halo)(trialkylsilyl)borane, a reductive elimination product. The RuII borylene products and the mechanisms that form them are distinctly different from the analogous reactions with iron, which lead to low‐valent borylene complexes, highlighting fundamental differences in oxidation state preferences between iron and ruthenium.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF A MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE (MOS2) ELECTRODE BY THE ROTATING RING‐DISK ELECTRODE TECHNIQUE
Authors: FUJISHIMA A. , NOGUCHI Y. , HONDA K. , LOO B. H.
Published: April 2016

Im Vergleich zu anderen Halbleiterphotoelektroden wie CdS, ZnO und TiO2 hängen die konkurrierenden Oxidationen der verschiedenen Reduktionsmittel an der n‐MoS2‐Elektrode nicht eindeutig von ihren Redoxpotentialen ab.
ChemInform Abstract: Anisotropy und Magnetic Phase Transitions in the Rare Earth Tetraborides TbB4.
Authors: GIANDUZZO J. C. , GEORGES R. , CHEVALIER B. , ETOURNEAU J. , HAGENMULLER P. , WILL G. , SCHAEFER W. +
Published: April 2016

Zur Bestimmung der elektronischen Eigenschaften der "litelboritie (Ußq‐Typ) werden große Einkristalle von 50‐100 Ing mit Hilfe der Czochrulski und der AI‐Flux‐Mcthoden gezüchtet und magnetische sowie elektrische Messungen im Temp‐Bereich 2‐300 K bei magnetischen beldstarken D15 zu zsu Kue iangs verscnie‐ dener kristullographischer Richtungen durchgeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: EXISTENCE OF A NEW PHASE IN THE BARIUM CARBONATE‐BARIUM SULFATE SYSTEM
Authors: HAJEK B. , ONDRACEK J. , MUCK A.
Published: April 2016

Das System BaCO3‐BaSO4 wird an aus verdünnten wäßrigen Lösungen gefällten Proben IR‐spektroskopisch, röntgenographisch, thcrmoanalytisch (TGA, DTA) und durch mikroskopische Analyse untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: BRANCHING STRATEGY IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. 2. REVERSAL OF OLEFIN POLARIZATION WITH CONCOMITANT CARBON‐CARBON BOND FORMATION
Authors: TABER D. F. , SALEH S. A.
Published: April 2016

Das Iodid (I) reagiert mit dem Allylsulfon (II) bei niederer Temperatur zum Substitutionsprodukt (III), das mit Kaliumcyanid in Gegenwart von Kronenethern das Nitril (IVa) bildet und dann durch Reduktion mit Diisobutylaluminiumhydrid in den Aldehyd (IVb) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvolytic Studies of the Highly Deactivated 1‐Aryl‐1‐(trifluoromethyhethyl Tosylates.
Authors: LIU K.‐T. , KUO M.‐Y. , SHU C.‐F.
Published: April 2016

Die Arylderivate (I) und (II) wurden aus CFa‐CO‐Me durch Grignard‐Reaktion mit dem entsprechenden Aryl‐Mg‐Halogenid zum 2‐Aryl‐2‐propanol (Ausb. 48‐86%) und anschließende Reaktion mit PBr3 (64 und 86%) bzw. BuLi/TosCl (45A80%) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: Photosensitized Oxidation of Furans. Part 3. Comparison Between Photochemically and Thermally Generated Singlet Oxygen Oxidation of 3‐Methoxycarbonyl‐2‐methyl‐5‐phenylfuran.
Authors: GRAZIANO M. L. , IESCE M. R. , CARLI B. , SCARPATI R.
Published: April 2016

Das Furan‐endo‐peroxid (I) ergibt beim Erhitzen Gemische der Folgeprodukte (II)‐(V), letzteres im Gemisch mit (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON DIAZEPINES. XV. PHOTOLYSIS OF THIENO‐, FURO‐, AND PYRROLO‐(B)PYRIDINE N‐IMIDES: FORMATION OF FUSED 1H‐1,2‐ AND 3H‐1,3‐DIAZEPINES
Authors: TSUCHIYA T. , ENKAKU M. , OKAJIMA S.
Published: April 2016

Die aneIIierten Pyridine (I) werden mit O‐MesitylensuIfonylhydroxylamin (II) durch N‐Aminierung in die Salze (III) übergeführt, aus denen bei Acylierung die Zwitterionen (V) hergestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROFORMYLATION OF BISOLEFINIC AMINE DERIVATIVES CATALYZED BY COBALT AND RHODIUM
Authors: GARST M. E. , LUKTON D.
Published: April 2016

Die Hydroformylierung zahlreicher mehrfach ungesättigter Aminoverbindungen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE HALOGEN‐LITHIUM EXCHANGE IN SOME SECONDARY AND TERTIARY (BROMOPHENYL)ALKYL HALIDES
Authors: PARHAM W. E. , BRADSHER C. K. , REAMES D. C.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Halogeniden (I) erhält man mit Butyllithium bei niederer Temperatur die Li‐Verbindungen (II), die mit Wasser zu (III) hydrolysiert werden, während Cyclohexanon (IV) zu den spirocyclischen Ethern (V) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND CARBON‐13 NMR SPECTRA OF TRANS, CIS‐ AND TRANS,TRANS‐NEPETALINIC ACIDS AND PHOTOCITRAL A
Authors: SAKAI T. , MORITA K. , MATSUMURA C. , SUDO A. , TSUBOI S. , TAKEDA A.
Published: April 2016

Synthesen und NMR‐Spektren von verschiedenen Cyclopentancarbonsäuren und entsprechenden Alkoholen bzw. Aldehyden werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: IN SEARCH OF NEW SULFUR TRANSFER AGENTS
Authors: SOSNOVSKY G. , KROGH J. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Reaktionen verschiedener Schwefel‐ übertragtlngs‐Agenzien werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2,5‐Dimethyl‐3‐(2‐methyl‐1‐Cyclohexenyl)‐4‐thiophenecarboxylic Acid and 2,5‐Dimethyl‐3‐(2‐methyl‐2,6‐cyelohexadienyl)‐4‐thiophenecarboxylic Acid.
Authors: SVENSSON A. , HAKANSSON R.
Published: April 2016

Das IS‐Lithitxmderivat des Thiophens (I) wird mit Z‐Methylcyclohexzmon (II) umgesetzt und der nach der Hydrolyse anfallende tertiäre Alkohol mit TosOH zu dem Bromcyclohexylthiophen (III) dehydratisiert, Lithiiertlng des Bromderivates (III) und anschließendes Behandeln mit (′O2 liefern die erstgenannte Titelverbindtnlg (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS: PREPARATION OF SUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLES AND ISOXAZOLES
Authors: MITTAL A. K. , SINGHAL O. P.
Published: April 2016

Die durch Kupplung von Diazoniumsalzen erhaltenen substituierten 1,3‐Dicarbonyl‐ Verbindungen (I) werden mit Phenylhydrazin (II) bzw. Hydroxylamin (IV) zu Pyrazolen (III) und Isoxazolen (V) kondensiert.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON 2,1‐BENZISOXAZOLES. BEHAVIOR TOWARDS ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION AND CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS
Authors: BORUAH R. C. , SANDHU J. S. , THYAGARAJAN G.
Published: April 2016

Bei der Nitrierung der ll‐Benzisoxazole (I) entstehen die Nitroverbixtdtnlgen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTION OF 2‐AMINO‐4‐PHENYL‐5‐ARYLAZOTHIAZOLES WITH 2‐NITRO‐, 3‐NITRO‐ AND 4‐NITROBENZALDEHYDES
Authors: JAIN R. , TYAGI S. , AGARWAL S.
Published: April 2016

Durch [Imsctzuxlg von Amino‐zlzothiznzolcn (I) mit Nilro benzanlciehyden (II) werden die Azomethine (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS. V. SYNTHESIS OF 1,3‐DIPHENYL‐4‐(4‐SUBSTITUTED PIPERIDINYL)‐1‐BUTANONES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: SATO M. , UCHIMARU F.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Ihityrolactonen (I) werden mit den Benzoesäureestern (II) die Chlorbutanone (III) und weiter deren Ketale (IV) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROQUINAZOLIN‐4‐ONES WITH ACID ANHYDRIDE. III
Authors: YAMATO M. , HORIUCHI J. , TAKEUCHI Y.
Published: April 2016

Die Umsetzung der aus dem o‐Aminobenzamitl (I) zugänglichen Chinazolinone (III) mit Acetanhydrid/Pyridin wird in Abhängigkeit von den Substituenten in 3‐Stellung untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: URACIL DERIVATIVES. II. SYNTHESES AND GROWTH‐INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AGAINST L‐1210 CELLS OF 5‐(4‐SUBSTITUTED‐PHENYLTHIOMETHYL)‐6‐CARBAMOYLURACILS
Authors: OKADA J. , NAKANO K. , MIYAKE H. , YASUFUKI S.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Chlormethyluracilcarbonsäureestern (I) werden mit den Thiolaten (IIa) bzw. (IIb) die substituierten Thiomethylverbindungen (IIIa) und (IIIb) Lind weiter die Amide (IVa) und (IVb) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: BLOCKING‐DEBLOCKING OF THE NITROGEN‐HYDROGEN FUNCTIONALITY OF URACIL AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Authors: KUNDU N. G.
Published: April 2016

In der BenzyIoxymethyl‐Gruppe wurde eine NH‐Schutzgnlppe gefunden, die unter relativ milden Bedingungen mit Trimethyliodsilan (II) abspaltbar ist.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYCONDENSED NITROGEN HETEROCYCLES. X (1A,B). 5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDROPYRROLO(1,2‐E)(1,5)BENZODIAZOCIN‐7‐ONES. A NEW RING SYSTEM
Authors: AIELLO E. , DATTOLO G. , CIRRINCIONE G. , ALMERICO A. M. , D'ASDIA I.
Published: April 2016

Aus den Diketonen (I) entstehen mit β‐Alanin (II) die Kondensationsprodukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW METHODS AND REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. 17. TRIMETHYLSILYLDIAZOMETHANE(TMSCHN2) AS A STABLE AND SAFE SUBSTITUTE FOR HAZARDOUS DIAZOMETHANE. ITS APPLICATION TO THE ARNDT‐EISTERT SYNTHESIS
Authors: AOYAMA T. , SHIOIRI T.
Published: April 2016

Die Herstellung des stabilen Trimethylsilyldiazomethans (II) aus dem Chlormethylsilan (I) wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: ((CH3)5C5SN(C5H5N))+: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND BONDING RELATIONS
Authors: JUTZI P. , KOHL F. , KRUEGER C. + , WOLMERSHAEUSER G. + , HOFMANN P. , STAUFFERT P.
Published: April 2016

Durch Uni‐ Setzung von Pentzimethyleyelopentudienylzinntritltiormethansulfonat (I) mit Pyridin gelingt es.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND X‐RAY STRUCTURE OF THE BINUCLEAR COMPLEX ((MEC(CH2PET2)3)FE(μ‐CL)3FE(MEC(CH2PET2)3))BPH4.CNTDOT.CH2CL2. INTERPRETATION OF THE GEOMETRICAL AND ELECTRONIC FEATURES THROUGH A RECENT MO APPROACH FOR M2L9 COMPLEXES
Authors: BIANCHINI C. , DAPPORTO P. , MEALLI C. , MELI A.
Published: April 2016

Das stabile Titelkation (I) entsteht bei der l zl‐molaren Umsetzung von Fetll)‐chloridhexahydrat mit 1,l.l‐Tris‐[diethylphosphinomethyll‐ethan bei Raumtemp. und wird als Tetraphenylborat in Form seines Methylenchlorid‐Monosolvuts isoliert (keine Ausb‐Angabe).
ChemInform Abstract: (TETRABENZOPORPHYRINATO)NICKEL(II) IODIDE. A DOUBLY MIXED VALENCE MOLECULAR CONDUCTOR
Authors: MARTINSEN J. , PACE L. J. , PHILLIPS T. E. , HOFFMAN B. M. , IBERS J. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Titelverbindung erhält man durch Iod‐Oxidation des Nitlli‐Komplexes (l).
ChemInform Abstract: A FORMAL TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF FUSIDIC ACID
Authors: DAUBEN W. G. , KESSEL C. R. , KISHI M. , SOMEI M. , TADA M. , GUILLERM D.
Published: April 2016

Selektive Ketalisierung von (I) gefolgt von Reduktion des gebildeten 3‐Mon0ketals liefert das 17β‐Hydroxyketal.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐AMINO‐ AND 4‐HYDROXYCYCLOHEXANE‐1,1‐DICARBOXYLIC ACID PEPTIDES
Authors: SKARIC V. , MAKAREVIC J.
Published: April 2016

In der Annahme, daß die Einführung cyelischer Systeme in Peptide mit niedrigem Molekulargewicht eine Steigerung der biologischen Eigenschaften der Peptide bewirkt.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW CLASS OF NITROSOUREAS. II. SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF 1‐(2‐CHLOROETHYL)‐3,3‐DISUBSTITUTED‐1‐NITROSOUREAS HAVING A GLUCOPYRANOSYL, MANNOPYRANOSYL OR GALACTOPYRANOSYL MOIETY
Authors: TSUJIHARA K. , OZEKI M. , MORIKAWA T. , TAGA N. , MIYAZAKI M. , KAWAMORI M. , ARAI Y.
Published: April 2016

Die durch Glucose, Mannose oder Galaktose substituierten Chlorethyl‐nitrosmharnstoffderivate (IV) werden durch Nitrosierung der Chlorethylharnstoffderivate (III) hergestellt, die aus den Glykosylaminen (I) zugänglich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A NEW CESIUM MANGANESE VANADIUM OXIDE, CS3MN3V4O16
Authors: LE PAGE Y. , STROBEL P.
Published: April 2016

Die elektrolytisch aus einer Salzschmelze einkristallin erhaltene Titelverbindung kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe Pl mit Z=1.
ChemInform Abstract: THE ELECTROCHEMICAL AND PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF N‐TYPE SODIUM NIOBATE
Authors: MCCANN J. F. , KHAN A.
Published: April 2016

n‐Leitendes NaNbOg kann als stabile Anode sowohl in sauren (1 M H2SO4) als auch alkalischen Medien (1 M NaOH) in einer photoelektrochemischen Zelle verwendet werden (negativere Flachbandpotentiale als das 2 H+/H2‐Redoxpotential).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME XENON COMPOUNDS
Authors: HUSTON J. L.
Published: April 2016

Die gebräuchlichen präparativen Reaktionen für eine Reihe von Xenonverbindungen lassen sich im Sinne einer Säure‐Base‐Chemie (Oxidakzeptoren‐Oxiddonatoren) systematisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION OF ARYLSULFENYL CHLORIDES TO TRICYCLO(4.2.2.02,5)DECA‐3,7‐DIENE AND ‐3,7,9‐TRIENE SYSTEMS. NOVEL SKELETAL REARRANGEMENTS AND SERENDIPITOUS PRODUCTS
Authors: ZEFIROV N. S. , KOZ'MIN A. S. , KIRIN V. N. , ZHDANKIN V. V. , CAPLE R.
Published: April 2016

Die Addition der Arylsulfenylchloride (IV) an die tricyclischen Olefine (I), (II) und (III) wird untersucht, wobei z.Tl. komplex zusammengesetzte Reaktionsgemische der angegebenen Art erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE 1,4‐RING OPENING OF 1‐ARYL‐4‐METHYLTHIO‐2‐AZETIDINONES
Authors: ONGANIA K.‐H.
Published: April 2016

Im Rahmen von Arbeiten an polycyclischen β‐Lactam‐Systemen ist zu ermitteln, ob die O‐Alkylspaltung von Methylester‐Gruppen auch an in 4‐Stellung methylthiosubstituierten β‐Lactamen selektiv ‐ ohne Öffnung des Lactamringes ‐ möglich ist.