bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Targeted Therapies for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bharad Kartik Sitaram , Gaikwad Shital Tukaram , Khan Badruddin Gaysuddin , Suleman A.R. Shaikh , Sanap Gajanan
Published: January 2025

Recent advances in understanding the birth mechanisms underpinning cancer development have driven the design of new remedial approaches, nominated ‘targeted curatives’, that widely intrude with motes or pathways involved in excrescence growth and progression. Inactivation of growth factors and their receptors on excrescence cells as well as the inhibition of oncogenic tyrosine kinase pathways and the inhibition of motes that control specific functions in cancer cells constitute the main rational bases of new cancer treatments acclimatized for individual cases. Small-patch impediments and monoclonal antibodies are major factors of these targeted approaches for a number of mortal malice. As the studies of the biomolecular features of cancer progress, new instigative strategies have arisen, similar as targeting cancer stem cells that drive excrescence relapses or the picky induction of apoptosis in nasty cells. This composition primarily focuses on the birth bases of the new cancer medicines and summarizes their mechanisms of action, the clinical substantiation of their anti-cancer effectiveness as well as the explanation for their use in clinical practice.
Cómo contar una historia de guerra
Authors: Soler Ruda Albert
Published: January 2025

Este artículo pretende indagar en la formulación del concepto culturas de desmovilización como marco de análisis historiográfico, entendiéndolo como el proceso de construcción de colectivos de excombatientes modernos en el siglo XX, poniendo énfasis en contexto de la Guerra Fría y conflictos de descolonización como periodo clave para explicar su aparición y desarrollo como sujetos de relevancia en procesos de crisis. Analizando las características de los conflictos y los procesos nacionales en los que se desarrollan guerras como Vietnam, Afganistán, Malvinas o las guerras coloniales portuguesas, se busca desarrollar las causas de su configuración y su papel como sujetos sociales y políticos, a la vez que como actores influyentes en procesos de construcción cultural y memorística.
صورة وسائل جبر الضرر لقوانين العدالة الانتقالية العراقية في التقراير والبحوث الدولية (دراسة وصفية تحليلية مقارنة)
Authors: عبد الله فاضل حيدر
Published: January 2025

ضمن الدستور العراقي لعام 2005 حقوق الانسان والحريات العامة لمواطنيه، حيث الزمتالمرحلة التي تلت سقوط النظام الدكتاتوري بعد عام 2003 في ان تكون شرعة حقوق الانسان جزءاًلايتجزء من ىذا الدستور الحديث، ومن ضمن الحقوق التي سعى الدستور العراقي الى تحقيقها في تلكالحقبة الزمنية السعي الى ارجاع تلك الحقوق التي انتهكت عن طريق المحاكمات التي اجريت لمنتسبب بانتهاك الحقوق كما قام بالتعويض واعادة التأىيل والترضية لأصحاب الحقوق، كما ضمن هذاالدستور حقوق من مست حقوقه جراء الاحتلال الامريكي والاحداث الطائفية المؤسفة التي حدثت2008 وكذلك ماتسبب به تنظيم داعش الارهابي اثناء احتلاله لعدد - بشكل دقيق بين الاعوام 2005. من المحافظات العراقية في العام 2014ان السعي للمحافظة على حقوق الافراد من الضرورات التي تقوم عليها الدول الديمقراطية ولهذاسعى الدستور والدولة العراقية الى وضع الاليات المناسبة لضمان هذه الحقوق والحريات عن طريقاستحداث عدد من المؤسسات التي تعلق عملها بحقوق الانسان ومنها وزارة حقوق الانسان ووزارةالهجرة والمهجرين والمفوضية العليا لحقوق الإنسان في العراق ومؤسسات العدالة الانتقالية (مؤسسةالشهداء، ومؤسسة السجناء السياسيين) وغيرها من المؤسسات الحكومية التي اعتنت بفئة النساءوالاطفال والشباب والاحداث وذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة وضحايا الارهاب والعمليات العسكرية، ولعلالمشرع العراقي قد اقتبس هذه المبادئ السامية في العناية بهذه الحقوق من مبادئ الشريعة الاسلاميةومن مبادئ القانون الدولي حيث ان خرق أي التزام يستوجب ضرورة جبر الضرر بشكل مناسب، فما هيالوسائل التي استخدمها المشرع العراقي لتخفيف او جبر الضرر بشكل يتوافق مع التشريعات والاتفاقياتالدولية؟.لقد التزم المشرع العراقي استنادا للنصوص الدستورية بتشريع عدد من القوانين التي قامتبتعويض وجبر واعادة تأىيل من انتهكت حقوقهم سواء للفترة التي سبقت التغيير السياسي في العام2003 او بعده ومن هذه القوانين قانون المفصولين السياسيين رقم (24) لسنة 2005 المعدل وقانونيمؤسسة الشهداء رقم (3) لسنة 2006 و( 2 ) لسنة 2016 وقانون مؤسسة السجناء السياسيين رقم (4)لسنة 2006 وقانون تعويض المتضررين جراء العمليات الحربية والاخطاء العسكرية والعمليات الارهابيةرقم ( 20 ) لسنة 2009 المعدل وقانون تعويض ممتلكات المتضررين من قبل النظام البائد رقم ( 16) لسنة 2010 وقانون ىيئة حل نزاعات الملكية رقم 2 لسنة 2006 الملغى والذي حل محلو القانون رقم(13) لسنة 2010 وكان اخر القوانين قانون رقم (8) لسنة 2021 قانون الناجيات الايزيديات حيث سنتناول في بحثنا الاشارة الى الطريقة التي اعتمدها المشرع في جبر الضرر باستعراض نماذج من هذهالتشريعات بالدراسة بالوصف والتحليل والمقارنة مع التشريع الليبي بحكم ارتباط البلدين ( أي العراقوليبيا) بمرحلة انتقالية في الحكم فضلا عن بيان الوصف والتحليل للتقارير والبحوث الدولية التي تناولتهذه التشريعات.
Effect of udwarthana and vamana in rigidity predominant Parkinson’s disease. -Case report
Authors: Arya A  , Shilpa K  , Bindu PR
Published: January 2025

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily caused by the destruction of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the substantia nigra, a critical area of the brain involved in movement control. The exact etiology remains unclear, though genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Pathologically, the disease is characterized by Lewy bodies i.e. abnormal protein aggregation within neurons. The classical symptoms of PD are resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. It can significantly impact daily activities and overall quality of life in the advanced stage. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease can be discussed in Ayurveda under the clinical spectrum of Vatavyadhi including Kampavata, Sirakampa, Vepathu, and Avarana Vata. The early presentation of symptoms—such as Rigidity(Sthamba), tremors (Kampa), impaired movement (Skhalitha Gati), and reduced activity (Chesta Hani)—can be considered as Kapha aavrtha vyana. So avaranahara and srothosodhana treatments such as Udwarthana and Vamana can be advocated to eliminate excess Kapha and normalise vyana vayu.
 A male patient who is  aged 65years who was  diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease presented with resting tremors, rigidity, postural instability, and difficulty in performing daily activities. Following the concept of avarana chikitsa he was administerd udwarthana, kashayadhara, and Vamana. UPDR scale was used for the pre and post evaluation of each treatment. Notable changes were found in all domains of UPDR scale.Thus, this case illustrates that avaranahara treatment modalities such as udwarthana, kashayadhara, and vamana can be effectively used in the management of rigidity-predominant Parkinson’s disease.
Educação em saúde com uso de tecnologias educacionais na assistência de enfermagem: revisão integrativa
Authors: Beranger Kethllen Stephanie , Siqueira Débora , Paz Ingre , Bender Mariluza Sott , Krug Suzane Beatriz Frantz , Pohl Hildegard Hedwig
Published: January 2025

Na enfermagem, a educação em saúde desempenha um papel essencial, utilizando tecnologias educacionais para fortalecer a competência profissional. Essas ferramentas contribuem para a integralidade do cuidado em saúde, atendendo às necessidades produzidas pela instauração de processos de saúde-doença. Nessa perspectiva, objetivou-se identificar as tecnologias educacionais utilizadas pela enfermagem para a educação em saúde e analisar os modelos de tecnologias educacionais no Brasil. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com buscas realizadas em março de 2023, na Scielo e Pubmed, com os descritores “Tecnologia Educacional”, “Cuidados de Enfermagem”, “Educação em Saúde”, combinados entre si pelo operador booleano “AND”. Os resultados revelam a escassez de estudos que ofereçam evidências científicas sobre o tema, com a maioria das tecnologias educacionais se enquadrando no contexto das tecnologias "leve-duras," abordando tópicos como HIV, sexualidade, sífilis, entre outros. A discussão pautou-se em dois eixos: 1 - Tecnologias Leves/Duras: destaque para educação sobre HIV e cuidados com crianças, usando cartilhas e vídeos; 2 - Tecnologias Educacionais Duras: envolve podcasts e ambientes virtuais para temas como saúde sexual e pré-natal. A pesquisa destaca a importância do uso de diversas ferramentas tecnológicas na educação em saúde, abrangendo públicos de todas as idades, independentemente de serem leves, leve-duras ou duras. O sucesso depende da adaptação às necessidades e realidades de cada grupo, enfatizando a importância de estratégias educacionais para contribuir com a saúde da população.
Estratégia de Internacionalização de Pequenas de Médias Empresas - PMEs: pesquisa bibliométrica das produções científicas nacionais e internacionais dos últimos dez anos (2012 a 2021)
Authors: Barbosa Sergio Correia , Gomes Josir Simeone , Pereira Antonio José Patrocinio
Published: January 2025

O objetivo desta pesquisa bibliométrica foi analisar e mapear as produções científicas nacionais e internacionais, no período de 2012 a 2021, sobre o tema estratégia de internacionalização de pequenas e médias empresas – PMEs, cadastradas na base de dados da Web of Science. O filtro da busca totalizou 323 artigos em periódicos disponíveis no portal Capes/Web of Science. O resultado da produção científica dos artigos publicados evidenciou uma produção média no período de 32 artigos com uma tendência de crescimento. A quantidade  de artigos publicados pelos 10 primeiros autores (45), considera um universo de 800 pesquisadores (323 artigos), representa aproximadamente 14% do total publicado. Dos 66 países que publicaram, há uma predominância de artigos publicados por autores da Inglaterra      e Espanha. Da quantidade de artigos publicados por idioma, o inglês se destaca com 310 artigos, representando 96% do total. Os 10 periódicos que mais publicaram receberam bons conceitos   Qualis da Capes: 4 periódicos com conceito A1, 1 com conceito A2 e 1 com conceito B2. Dos 10 artigos mais citados, todos foram publicados em periódicos que receberam o conceito máximo Qualis da Capes (A1), com exceção de 1 artigo que não foi encontrado na plataforma.   Comprovaram também excelentes níveis de fator de impacto com os dados da Web of Science dos artigos com o quartil da categoria business da journal citation report (JCR). Seis artigos com Q1 e quatro com Q2. A área de Business Economics teve uma representação significativa com 87,9%, seguida da área de Environmental Sciences Ecology com apenas 6,2%. Quanto aos propósitos dos 10 artigos mais citados percebe-se a preocupação dos pesquisadores em identificar as estratégias de internacionalização com foco nas PMEs e observa-se nos dois primeiros trabalhos mais citados a inclinação dos autores em examinar a internacionalização sob a visão teórica born global e de redes. Quanto a amostra de dados estudada das PMEs, pode-se afirmar que foi bem diversificada, pois contemplou dados de diversos países: Canadá;    Suécia; Finlândia, Itália e China.
Atributos que explicam a satisfação dos consumidores no varejo alimentar: um estudo segundo as percepções dos clientes quanto à qualidade de serviço do Outback Steakhouse no Brasil
Authors: Silva Djnifer Sueli de Souza , Tamashiro Helenita Rodrigues da Silva , Merlo Edgard Monforte , Gremaud Amaury Patrick
Published: January 2025

A compreensão dos aspectos relacionados à satisfação dos consumidores é fundamental em um mercado competitivo como o de restaurantes. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar os atributos que explicam a satisfação dos consumidores, segundo as percepções dos clientes do Outback Steakhouse.  Após a análise estatística foram identificados os fatores relacionados a satisfação do consumidor: excelência do atendimento e confiabilidade na marca onde os aspectos associados aos serviços oferecidos apareceram com relevância; qualidade e variedade do cardápio no qual os elementos associados ao produto foram importantes; atendimento personalizado com aspectos relacionados ao serviço prestado na loja; estrutura onde apareceu a importância dos aspectos visuais da loja; orientação ao cliente e eficiência onde os elementos associados aos interesses e tempo de atendimento foram importantes; apresentação ressaltando os aspectos de atmosfera de loja e solicitude relacionado ao interesse em resolver problemas., Os fatores podem ser considerados para outros restaurantes na implementação de melhorias.
Bioética e eugenia, perspectivas de futuro
Authors: Rebouças Amsterdan Ferreira , Rebouças Glacimeyre Lima
Published: January 2025

Este estudo aborda o impacto da biotecnologia e da bioética no desenvolvimento humano, especialmente no contexto da eugenia e das tecnologias reprodutivas. A biotecnologia, ao manipular organismos biológicos para melhorar produtos e serviços, tem transformado diversas áreas da sociedade, possibilitando avanços como a criação de organismos geneticamente modificados e o uso de técnicas de engenharia genética. Por outro lado, a eugenia, embora uma disciplina controversa, propõe a melhoria genética da humanidade, o que gerou debates éticos e históricos, como as políticas eugênicas na Alemanha Nazista, nos Estados Unidos e no Brasil. A reprodução assistida, especialmente a fertilização in vitro e o diagnóstico genético pré-implantacional, tem permitido a seleção genética de embriões, configurando uma forma de eugenia positiva que visa à saúde das futuras gerações. O filme Gattaca é usado como exemplo para ilustrar as questões éticas envolvendo a manipulação genética, refletindo sobre os limites da ciência e os impactos sociais dessa prática. O estudo conclui que, apesar dos avanços na biotecnologia, é crucial que a ética acompanhe as novas tecnologias para garantir que elas sejam usadas de forma responsável, respeitando os direitos humanos e promovendo uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária. O futuro da biotecnologia depende de uma reflexão contínua sobre seus efeitos sociais e morais.
THE SCHOOL OF IBERO-ROMANCE STUDIES:
THE HISTORY OF FORMATION AND
THE CURRENT STATE
Authors: Obolenskaya Yulia
Published: January 2025

The main subject of the article is the history and circumstances of the
formation of the school of Ibero-Romance studies at the Faculty of Philology. The
author takes a detailed look at the history of teaching Spanish and Portuguese at
Moscow State University, as well as the contribution of the heads of the Department
of Ibero-Romance Linguistics and its staff to the formation of a unique tradition of
studying and teaching Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan and Galician languages, scientific and pedagogical activities of the staff of the department, their contribution to
Russian Ibero-Romance studies.
D.N. USHAKOV: ORTHOEPIC SEARCHES, “CAMPAIGNS”
AND SOLUTIONS (TO THE 150th ANNIVERSARY
OF THE SCHOLAR)
Authors: Bolycheva E.M.
Published: January 2025

In the difficult conditions of the post-revolutionary period, D.N. Ushakov managed to create a series of academic papers devoted to the issues of the pronunciational norm, and to become the founder of orthoepy as a separate linguistic discipline.
The list of features of correct pronunciation is presented by the scholar in a
number of articles, in the preface to the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian
Language (1935–1940) and in an oral lecture, the recording of which became publicly available thanks to the Internet. Correlation of pronouncing recommendations
with the peculiarities of the scholar’s live speech allows us to draw conclusions about
the methodology used by D.N. Ushakov in the analysis of language material.
Many of the scholar’s decisions are invaluable from the point of view of foreseeing the direction of the research that will be undertaken by science in the future.
Among these, we should note: the idea of the continuity of the pronunciation tradition as a cultural phenomenon and the permissible limits in orientation to the
older norm; careful attitude to the idea of the coexistence of different pronunciation
variants as a reflection of trends in the development of the language (implemented,
for example, in a joint article with N.N. Durnovo in 1910 when transcribing the
story by A.P. Chekhov).
Tomography of Three-Layer Structures in Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Backscattered Electron Detection Mode
Authors: Borzunov A.A. , Rau E.I. , Zaitsev S.V. , Koshev N.A. , Lukyanenko D.V. , Yagola A.G.
Published: January 2025

The paper proposes a method for solving a three-dimensional tomography problem using data from a scanning
electron microscope in the backscattered electrons detection mode. Based on the assumption that the sample
has a three-layer structure, analytical expressions were constructed for the dependence of the intensity of
the detected signal on the chemical composition of the sample, the thickness of the layers and the energy
of the primary electrons. Based on the obtained analytical expressions, using the example of a three-layer
(aluminium-gold-silicon) structure, the inverse problem of reconstructing the thicknesses of the aluminum
and gold layers is solved in two different formulations, depending on the type of a priori information available
about the structure of the sample.
Analysis of selected economic data of Polish paper processing enterprises in comparison to total manufacturing
Authors: Biernacka Justyna
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the analysis of the dynamics of selected economic data and indicators describing the economic condition of paper processing industry enterprises compared to total manufacturing. The results of the analysis showed that the lowest dynamics of selected economic data in 2019-2020 for both sectors was recorded. The paper processing industry achieved the highest dynamics of net financial result and total revenues in 2021 and 2022; the dynamics of the examined values was slightly lower than observed for total manufacturing. In 2021-2022 a clear upward trend in profitability indicators was observed – values of return of equity and net profitability turnover indicators were at a higher level than in total manufacturing.
Shining a light on AI-based decisions
Authors:   Aalborg University, Ploug Thomas
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly being used to inform decision-making in areas including law, finance and healthcare. The individuals affected by automated decisions have the right to meaningful information about the basis on which they were reached, as well as the right to contest the decision, issues at the heart of Professor Thomas Ploug’s research.
Understanding Mount Etna
Authors:   National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV), Papale Paolo , Biensan Clothilde , Mitchell Andrew
Published: January 2025

Mount Etna is one of the most active and most comprehensively monitored volcanoes in the world, with hundreds of instruments on the surface providing terabytes of data on its activity. The Improve project team are investigating signals from the volcano and how they relate to magma dynamics, as Dr Paolo Papale explains.
Advancing Personalised Bladder Cancer Treatment
Authors:   University of Bern, Kruithof-de Julio Marianna
Published: January 2025

We spoke to Prof. Marianna Kruithof-de Julio and her team at the University of Bern about their research which involves using patient-derived organoids to improve bladder cancer treatment. Their work aims to tailor therapies based on individual tumor profiles, addressing the disease’s high heterogeneity and recurrence rates
Behind the mechanisms of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes
Authors: Köhn Christoph
Published: January 2025

The production of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes within thunderclouds is the most energetic natural process on earth, yet much still remains to be learned about the underlying mechanisms of the phenomenon. We spoke to Dr Christoph Köhn about his research into the signatures of TGFs, how they are produced, and their wider effects
Color Design in Preschool Interior Spaces: A Comparative Analysis of Two Preschools in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Thi Tam An Nguyen , Joneurairatana Eakachat , Sirivesmas Veerawat
Published: January 2025

As one of the crucial components of the microsystem system in human development, the educational environment plays a significant role in shaping young children’s holistic development. Preschool interior space could be one of the most important places where children first interact in school life. Specifically, the interior space of preschool is the place where young children spend a lot of time in their lives surpassing the home environment. In Vietnam, research on preschool interior design, particularly in the context of color usage, remains limited despite there is high demand to build preschool buildings to adapt to the increasing number of young children going to kindergarten each year, such as in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). This paper explores color designs in preschool interiors in HCMC, Vietnam; aiming to propose colors that align with children’s developmental needs and pedagogical practices. Through conducting the data from reviewing academic articles and papers, on-site observation case studies in both public preschool and private preschools, focus on interior classroom space, visual-spatial, and color comparative analysis, and utilizing Adobe's palette extractor for color palette, this paper explores the application of color design in preschool interior space. The findings suggest the potential benefits of using bright and cool tones for background colors, complemented by vibrant hues such as blue, red, yellow, or orange for accents in interior spaces. Aligning with pedagogical practices, the use of color can create stimulating environments that encourage children to explore and discover. Additionally, attention should be given to factors such as flooring materials, cultural context, and spatial functionality. The findings of this paper contribute to the limited academic resources on color space design in Vietnam, providing valuable insights for architects, interior designers, teachers, and educators to make informed decisions when designing preschool environments.
Analysis of leadership styles in Latin American managers: An approach based on the Blake & Mouton test
Authors: Chacón-Guerrero Edixon , Eslava-Zapata Rolando , Sánchez Castillo Verenice
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The study provides relevant information on the predominant leadership trends in the Latin American context, which may contribute to the development of leadership models more adapted to the organizational culture and challenges of the region. The study's objective is to analyze leadership styles in Latin American managers. Methods: The study is a quantitative study with a correlational transactional design. A sample of one hundred and thirty-nine managers from different Latin American countries was administered a questionnaire based on the Blake & Mouton test, which includes eighteen items grouped into “People” and “Tasks.” Data collection was carried out through online surveys.Results: The results reveal that Latin American managers tend to adopt a more people-centered leadership style, in line with the cultural values of the region, which privilege interpersonal relationships and collaboration.Conclusions: It is evident that managers encourage their teams to participate in decision-making, reflecting a collaborative approach. However, a significant proportion does not prioritize personal relationships when correcting errors, suggesting a possible area for improvement in interpersonal skills.
Marketing and positioning strategies for accounting firms of micro-entrepreneurs
Authors: Guevara-Rojas Duberli , Murga-Montoya José , Cárdenas-García Ángel , Fasanando-García Segundo , Terrones-Suarez Orlando
Published: January 2025

Marketing strategies have the potential to increase the recognition of a business brand, depending on the strategic decisions taken, and can position a company prominently in the market. In this context, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between marketing strategies and the positioning of accounting firms among microentrepreneurs in the district of Tarapoto. Methodologically, it was developed under a quantitative approach, with a type of applied research, non-experimental design and correlational level. The sample consisted of 384 microentrepreneurs, to whom a questionnaire was applied as a data collection instrument. As the main result, a significant and positive correlation (Spearman's Rho = 0.657) was found between marketing strategies and the positioning of accounting firms, with a statistical significance level of 0.001. In conclusion, the existence of a significant relationship between marketing strategies and the positioning of accounting firms among microentrepreneurs in Tarapoto was confirmed (p < 0.05).
The new blue: Built-up seascapes create new maritime relations
Authors: Olausson Jessica Hjerpe , Richardsson Daniel , Hawkins Richard , Linders Torsten
Published: January 2025

The new blue: Built-up seascapes create new maritime relations

Four representatives of the research programme, Mistra Co-Creating Better Blue, discuss maritime innovation in the context of a dawning new era for human presence and activities at sea. We humans are builders. The most densely populated and most intensively exploited areas are built-up landscapes, where wood, stone, concrete and steel constructions dominate. But the situation has been fundamentally different at sea for centuries and millennia. Here, human activities and presence have been almost exclusively associated with boats and ships, which, over time, have grown in size and capacity in line with our technological development.
Impacts of land clearing on areas containing permafrost
Authors: Jones Melissa Ward
Published: January 2025

Impacts of land clearing on areas containing permafrost

Melissa Ward Jones from the University of Alaska Fairbanks explores the impacts of land clearing on areas with permafrost. Climate change is simultaneously decreasing yields by pushing crops to their upper-temperature limits while also simultaneously increasing opportunities to grow crops in regions that are currently not climatically suitable. It is estimated that high-latitude regions, containing primarily boreal ecosystems, will gain the highest land area with a suitable climate to grow globally important crops (Hannah et al., 2020). These regions also contain permafrost (perennially frozen ground), whose consideration is essential for agriculture and agricultural expansion in these regions (Ward Jones et al., 2022).
AI4SoilHealth Science: Revolutionising soil health monitoring
Authors: Greve Mogens H , Jonge Lis W. de , Leon Isabelle G , Gomes Lucas
Published: January 2025

AI4SoilHealth Science: Revolutionising soil health monitoring

Seasoned experts explain here the revolutionising of soil health monitoring through the science of the AI4SoilHealth project. Soil is a fundamental natural resource, sustaining ecosystems and human livelihoods, yet it faces growing threats from degradation, contamination, and mismanagement. The European Union (EU), recognising the critical need for healthy soils, has set ambitious goals to restore soil health by 2050. The AI4SoilHealth project is at the forefront of this mission, leveraging cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) to develop a comprehensive framework for monitoring and improving soil health across Europe.
Asbestos, the pleural cavity, and autoimmune disease
Authors: Pfau Jean C , Serve Kinta
Published: January 2025

Asbestos, the pleural cavity, and autoimmune disease

Jean C. Pfau, Ph.D. from the Center for Asbestos-Related Disease and Kinta Serve from Idaho State University, provide their perspective on asbestos, the pleural cavity, and autoimmune disease. Asbestos is well known as one of several causes of lung cancer and scarring of the lung tissue (interstitial fibrosis). However, asbestos is unique in causing several diseases of the pleural cavity, including mesothelioma, pleural plaques, and pleural fibrosis.
Forensic program: Mental healthcare through songwriting
Authors: Comeau Gilles
Published: January 2025

Forensic program: Mental healthcare through songwriting

A therapeutic guitar group at the Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre’s Integrated Forensic Program evolved from a pilot project into a unique songwriting initiative that enhances participants’ mental well-being and social connections through music therapy. A new therapeutic guitar group in the Forensic Program that started as a modest pilot project unexpectedly became a songwriting program that brings joy, camaraderie, and harmony to participants and volunteers alike. The group originated from recreation therapist Ashleigh McGuinty’s desire to bring a music program to the Forensic Assessment Unit at the Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre.
Helping biodiversity conservation with modelling
Authors: Blanchet Guillaume
Published: January 2025

Helping biodiversity conservation with modelling

Professor Guillaume Blanchet from Université de Sherbrooke discusses how modelling can aid in the conservation of biodiversity. The copper redhorse is a fish species found only in a few rivers near and around Montréal (Québec, Canada). The only place it is known to spawn is in the Richelieu River, commonly used for recreational activities (e.g. sport fishing and waterskiing). In short, the copper redhorse lives in an area where there is a lot of human activity. As far as we know, it would be surprising if more than a thousand adults of the copper redhorse existed. Needless to say, the copper redhorse is not doing well; it is endangered of extinction.
Cultural adaptation of the iSupport for Dementia psychoeducation programme for care partners
Authors: Kwok Timothy , Ho Florence , Wong Bel , Cheng Tobi , Fung Nicole
Published: January 2025

Cultural adaptation of the iSupport for dementia psychoeducation programme for care partners

This article examines the cultural adaptation of iSupport for Dementia, an online platform developed by the WHO for dementia caregivers. It emphasises research findings that demonstrate the program’s effectiveness and benefits for Chinese care partners. Care partners of people with dementia often face significant challenges and need more support in acquiring caregiving knowledge and skills. An online self-learning platform is a viable choice because it suits their busy lives, allowing them to learn at their own pace and convenience. This article illustrates the cultural adaptation of iSupport for Dementia, an online self-learning platform developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for care partners of people with dementia. It also documents the research findings of the adaptation process, highlighting the effectiveness and benefits of the programme for Chinese care partners.
ML tools and systems models for WEFE nexus policy formulation and impact assessment
Authors: Sušnik Janez , Dkouk Chaymaa , Nievas Nuria , Echeverria Lluís
Published: January 2025

ML tools and systems models for WEFE nexus policy formulation and impact assessment

Experts from IHE Delft Institute for Water Education and Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, guide us through the use of machine learning tools and systems models to inform WEFE nexus policy formulation and impact assessment. In the July 2024 edition, the water, energy, and food (WEF) nexus was introduced as a coherent interconnected resource system that strongly interacts with ecosystems (to form the WEFE nexus) and supports societal development. In the September 2024 edition, the NEXOGENESIS approach for stakeholder engagement and co-creation in a nexus context was outlined.
Positron and electron catalysis of neutrino hadronization: How our universe was made
Authors: Vayenas Constantinos G
Published: January 2025

Positron and electron catalysis of neutrino hadronization: How our universe was made

Constantinos G. Vayenas1, Dionysios Tsousis1,2 and Eftychia Martino1, together, discuss how our Universe was made, focusing on positron and electron catalysis of neutrino hadronization. The development of the Bohr model for the H atom (Fig. 1) has played a central role in reaching our current level of understanding of chemical synthesis. In recent years, the development of the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) of hadrons and bosons (1-4) provided an equally effective approach for modeling the structure and accurately computing the masses of subatomic particles, such as hadrons and bosons, nuclei and even cosmic rays. (4)
Rethinking the reproductive clock: Can NAD+ preserve fertility?
Authors: Crews Rebecca
Published: January 2025

Rethinking the reproductive clock: Can NAD+ preserve fertility?

Recent research indicates that the compound NAD+ offers a promising solution to support fertility and reproductive longevity. With many women choosing to start families later in life, the need for strategies to maintain ovarian health has grown. In this article, Dr. Rebecca Crews from Renue By Science, LLC, rethinks the reproductive clock by asking if NAD+ can help preserve fertility. Having children after the age of 30 has become increasingly common. In the U.S., 18% of all births in 2018 were to women aged 35 and older, compared to 15% in 2013, 11% in 2002, and 8% in 1990. (1) This trend reflects improvements in quality of life, including greater educational and career opportunities that offer women increased autonomy and flexibility in family planning. However, despite these advancements, women still face a limited reproductive window and declining fertility.
Building resilience in Canadian vineyards through grapevine selections
Authors: Willwerth Jim
Published: January 2025

Building resilience in Canadian vineyards through grapevine selections

Jim Willwerth, Assistant Professor and Researcher at Brock University, Canada, discusses how to build resilience in Canadian vineyards through grapevine selections. We are always talking about the weather, at least as Canadians, right? Environmental conditions affect important plant responses that can impact agricultural production (yields) and quality. However, it can be argued that yearly weather events and long- term climate can have a more profound effect on grape and wine production and its quality. This is partly due to the “terroir effect” that explains why a wine made from a
Is there an elephant in the room of research on the origins of life?
Authors: Hansma Helen Greenwood
Published: January 2025

Is there an elephant in the room of research on the origins of life?

Helen Greenwood Hansma, from the University of California at Santa Barbara, questions if there is an elephant in the room of research when it comes to the origins of life. Shouldn’t researchers on the origins of life look in environments with high potassium (K)? All types of living things have many times more potassium ions (K) than sodium ions (Na) in their cells (Figure 1). Don’t you think life must have started in a place with more K than Na, like the spaces between mica sheets? (1-5) Sea and land water have less K and more Na. Why are researchers focusing on these high-Na environments? Is this an elephant in the room of research on life’s origins? (Figure 2) (There is a pump in the cell membranes now to keep all this K in our cells, which are in close contact with the Na-rich blood. It takes a lot of energy to run this pump, called the Na/K ATPase.)
The future of personalised cardiovascular disease detection and monitoring
Authors: Lawrie Allan
Published: January 2025

The future of personalised cardiovascular disease detection and monitoring

Professor Allan Lawrie from Imperial College London, discusses the future of personalised cardiovascular disease detection and monitoring, including comment on wearable technology and AI. The rapid expansion of consumer digital technology has significantly increased access to smartphones and connected devices across various socioeconomic groups and age ranges. With smartphones came the ability to connect and ingest data from various devices, including smartwatches, rings, scales, and blood pressure monitors. Initially driven by large tech companies targeting the health and fitness market, these devices have evolved to monitor our health comprehensively, literally placing health monitoring in the palm of our hands.
Early intervention for eating disorders
Authors: Wade Tracey
Published: January 2025

Early intervention for eating disorders

Tracey Wade, Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor, provides an insightful examination of the significance of brief early interventions in the treatment of eating disorders. Over the last ten years, it has become apparent that brief face-to-face interventions can be effective for some people with common mental health problems. Two distinctive groups of people receiving therapy can be identified: those who experience “rapid response” and those who experience “gradual response”. Rapid responders show signs of improvement by the fourth session of therapy. (1) Clinically significant change can be achieved over two sessions by 41% of these people. (2) There is a trend for diminishing gains the longer treatment proceeds, with gradual responders not showing benefit after session 26. (1)
All hands on deck for ocean-based CO2 removal research
Authors: Fennel Katja
Published: January 2025

All hands on deck for ocean-based CO2 removal research

Prof. Dr. Katja Fennel, Chair of the Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, argues that we need all hands on deck for ocean-based CO2 removal research. Mitigating global warming and other effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is the most pressing environmental challenge of our time. Yet pledges aimed at avoiding the worst consequences of climate change by keeping global average temperature at no more than 1.5oC or 2oC above the pre-industrial average, are increasingly tenuous. Average global sea surface temperatures set jaw-dropping warming records in 2023 and 2024. Average global air temperature was 1.48oC above pre-industrial in 2023 and is expected to exceed 1.5oC in 2024. In other words, we have already overshot on our allowable emissions for the 1.5oC target.
Joint manipulation, a hands-on therapeutic technique
Authors: Sillevis Rob
Published: January 2025

Joint manipulation, a hands-on therapeutic technique

Rob Sillevis from the Marieb College of Health and Human Services explores joint manipulation, a hands-on therapeutic technique designed to relieve pain, improve mobility, restore joint function, and enhance patient functionality. Joint manipulation is a hands-on therapeutic technique commonly used to relieve pain, improve mobility, restore joint function, and improve patient functionality. Joint manipulation has ancient roots that span thousands of years across multiple cultures. The earliest records of joint manipulation trace back to ancient civilizations, including Egypt, China, and Greece. Evidence suggests that joint manipulation was practised as early as 3,000 BC, with ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs showing early forms of manual therapy.
Early warning signs in the Amazon: Tipping elements are not tipping points
Authors: Jungkunst Hermann F
Published: January 2025

Early warning signs in the Amazon: Tipping elements are not tipping points

Unveiling the relationship between society and the environment, a new research project sheds light on “tipping points” – critical thresholds beyond which change becomes abrupt and potentially irreversible. In its simplest terms, a system is a network of interconnected elements that interact and influence one another. For millennia, humans have been part of a global ecosystem where energy, matter, and information flow through natural cycles. However, with the advent of agriculture, humans began to establish independent social systems, leading to a divergence in scientific disciplines that often studied either ecological or social systems in isolation.
Suicidal thoughts and actions: We need a new model
Authors: Michel Konrad
Published: January 2025

Suicidal thoughts and actions: We need a new model

Konrad Michel, MD, Psychiatrist from the University of Bern, Switzerland, discusses the clinical approach to suicidal patients, providing a new look at a human phenomenon. Suicide rates are declining in many European countries; in others, they are rising. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death for adolescents and young adults worldwide. Many countries have National Suicide Prevention Programmes, but it is difficult to show that they affect suicide rates. There is evidence that reducing the availability of suicide methods, and promoting responsible media reporting on suicide can reduce suicidal behaviour.
Our sustainable human development as a co-operative society
Authors: Close Jean-Paul
Published: January 2025

Our sustainable human development as a co-operative society

Jean-Paul Close is the Founder of STIR Foundation, which stands for Sustainocracy, Transformation, Indexation, and Research. Here, he shares how this organization works to develop local holistic solutions to global problems using a sustainocratic ideology. When we discuss the issues of ‘sustainable development,’ we tend to worry about material resources, our impact on the environment, climate change, our economies, sustaining our current levels of comfort, etc. We never seem to worry about the essential conditions for our sustainable existence as a human species.
E. coli genomes, big data, and messy biology
Authors: Ussery David
Published: January 2025

E. coli genomes, big data, and messy biology

Here, David Ussery from the Department of BioMedical Informatics, UAMS, details E. coli genome diversity, big data, and messy biology. New methods, we discover, allow for the comparison of millions of bacterial genomes in a few days and the confident assignment of taxonomic clusters. Escherichia coli was first described in 1885 (1) and is one of the best-studied model organisms as both a commensal (2) and a pathogen. (3) The diversity of E. coli is enormous. We have compared more than 10,000 E. coli genomes and found more than a hundred thousand different gene families distributed in the ‘pan-genome’. (4) Since then, the number of sequenced E. coli genomes has continued to grow and is now close to a million.
Model thinking for everyday life
Authors: Larson Richard C
Published: January 2025

Model thinking for everyday life

Many people rely on quick internet searches for knowledge acquisition. In his book MODEL THINKING For Every Day Life, Richard C. Larson discusses how we can rethink our approach to problem-solving, leading to greater learning in the process. Invest in yourself! Learn something new each and every day. How? Think differently. See the world around you in terms of models, usually conceptual and sometimes mathematical. Become a true critical thinker. You’ll begin to appreciate the ‘physics’ of your world, thinking, understanding, and appreciating. Maybe even being in awe of things you saw often but didn’t really see. You’ll share your new insights with family and friends using the collaborative process of ‘discovery learning.’
A mathematical mindset approach to student learning
Authors: Boaler Jo
Published: January 2025

A mathematical mindset approach to student learning

Jo Boaler, Nomellini and Olivier Professor in the Graduate School of Education (Mathematics) at Stanford University, explores a mathematical mindset approach to student learning. I am a Professor at Stanford University, and I work to improve students’ mathematics learning in and out of school. I started working with Carol Dweck in 2010 when we agreed together that her powerful work on mindset could be shared with mathematics teachers and their students. Dweck has found that students who believe in their own potential, and embrace times of challenge and struggle, achieve at higher levels (Dweck, 2006). For the last decade, I have been sharing a “mathematical mindset” approach, with free resources for educators and parents, and researching its impact. One of the ways we share this approach is through our Stanford website: youcubed. This is a website sharing thousands of free resources. It is also a research center at Stanford, where I work with undergraduates, masters, and doctoral students, building resources and studying their effectiveness.
Why gravitational waves cannot exist!
Authors: Pommaret J-F
Published: January 2025

Why gravitational waves cannot exist!

J-F Pommaret from CERMICS, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, France, investigates the idea that gravitational waves cannot exist. In 1969, I decided to become a visiting student of D. C. Spencer at Princeton University and to apply these new tools in General Relativity (GR). A book published in 1978 from my PhD thesis and translated into Russian, started my research work. By analogy with Maxwell’s equations for electromagnetism (EM), to deciding about the existence of a potential for Einstein equations in a vacuum has been proposed in the meantime as a $1,000 challenge by J. Wheeler, a friend of Spencer.
Primate exposure to anthropogenic pollutants: An overlooked conservation concern
Authors: Wasserman Michael D
Published: January 2025

Primate exposure to anthropogenic pollutants: An overlooked conservation concern

Michael Wasserman of Indiana University discusses research on wild primate exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as pesticides, flame retardants, and phytoestrogens. What are the current threats primates face globally? Tropical forests are home to the majority of terrestrial biodiversity, regulate climate, and purify air and water. (1) Despite their importance, deforestation continues to threaten these ecosystems, with both their loss and fragmentation leading to declines in primate populations that depend on them for habitat, food, and other resources. (2) As a result of tropical forest loss and fragmentation, along with hunting, infectious diseases (e.g., emerging pathogens and reverse zoonoses), and climate change, more than sixty percent of primate species are vulnerable to extinction. (3) Chemical pollution from increasing agricultural expansion, urbanization, and industrialization is also a threat to primates, but one that has been largely overlooked. (4)
Mental health and self-care: A comprehensive guide
Authors: Skinner David
Published: January 2025

Mental health and self-care: A comprehensive guide

This short guide explores the importance of self-care for good mental health and provides practical tips for implementing self-care strategies. Mental health is a cornerstone of overall well-being, influencing our thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. It’s not merely the absence of mental disorders but a positive state of mind that enables us to cope with life’s stresses, realise our potential, and contribute meaningfully to society. Self-care plays a vital role in maintaining mental health. By prioritising self-care, individuals can reduce stress, improve mood, and enhance their quality of life.
Liquid computing and cybernetics for robotics and computer science
Authors: Chiolerio Alessandro
Published: January 2025

Liquid computing and cybernetics for robotics and computer science

Recent advancements show that liquid memories and liquid computing devices bring a transformative approach to robotics and computer science. Developing artificial intelligence (AI) leverages computing systems whose desired features include adaptability, robustness, and resource efficiency. Central to these developments is achieving intrinsic plasticity – an innate self-adaptation to diverse tasks and environmental conditions that enables learning – while maintaining fault tolerance, essential for continuous operation under unpredictable or extreme conditions.
Five tips to implement self-compassion for healthcare workers
Authors: Wepa Dianne
Published: January 2025

Five tips to implement self-compassion for healthcare workers

Self-compassion is not a cure-all for systemic challenges within the health system, but it can enhance resilience, social support, and self-efficacy among healthcare workers, ultimately improving their quality of life in the workforce. Self-compassion has become a concept that serves as a buffer against stress and promotes resilience and emotional wellbeing. Often considered a type of mindfulness, which focuses on accepting our experience, self-compassion goes beyond accepting our situation and includes an added dimension – embracing the experiencer (i.e., ourselves) with warmth and tenderness when our experience is painful (Neff, 2015).