bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Offset backing path planning of tractor-semitrailer vehicles based on qualitative rules and geometric methods considering uncertainties
Authors: Han Inhwan
Published: January 2024

The backward behavior of tractor-semitrailer vehicles is particularly challenging compared to passenger vehicles, causing many difficulties not only for drivers but also for autonomous driving. Offset backing, which is one of the most important backward scenarios for articulated vehicles, can be applied to various path planning in a confined space, such as parking, and can be used for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving. First of all, by analyzing the slow movement of a tractor-semitrailer vehicle in a confined space, standard unit motions and compound motions for general posture adjustment were defined. By approximating the offset backing driving paths of expert tractor-semitrailer drivers with a geometric method, qualitative path planning was completed by combining compound and unit motions. In addition, complementary motions were added to respond to errors that occur due to the simplicity of the qualitative path planning based on the geometric method. The usefulness of the developed offset backing path planning for tractor-semitrailer vehicles was demonstrated through repeated experimental tests with a model autonomous vehicle.
Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties of PLA resin through LCD 3D printing
Authors: Riyaz Ahmed A , Mugendiran V
Published: January 2024

A widely existent method of fabricating 3D printed parts by polylactic acid (PLA) is by fused deposition modeling, which faces a poor surface finish when compared to resin-based 3D printing methods. The focus of the current work is to leverage LCD 3D printing to produce 3D printed PLA parts with improved strength and surface quality. Tensile, impact, and flexural specimens with varying layer thicknesses were printed and postcured to explore the mechanical properties. It was found that by increasing the layer thickness and minimizing the postcuring time, printed samples with maximum strength can be obtained. Further, rheological characterization was done to test whether the same resin is suitable for usage as raw material in direct ink write 3D printing and it was found that the resin with 4 wt. % and 5wt. % fumed silica were suitable for direct ink writing.
Methanol Extract of Petasites japonicus Promotes Apoptosis via the MAPK and ROS-dependent Signaling Pathways
Authors: Choi Na-Ri , Choi Woo-Gyun , Kwon Min Ji , Park Joon , Kim Yun Tai , Lee Min Jae , Park Jae-Woo , Woo Joo Han , Kim Byung Joo
Published: January 2024

Background:

Petasites japonicus (PJ), also known as Butterbur, has a rich history as a traditional healing remedy across numerous countries.

Objectives:

This study was designed to evaluate the potential anti-cancer properties of the methanol extract derived from PJ (PJE).

Materials and Methods:

Cell viability was measured with 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Cell cycle analysis, caspase activity assays, western blotting, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were also used to investigate the anticancer effects of PJE on cancer cells.

Results:

It was shown that PJE inhibited the cell viability of the colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]: 268.4 µg/mL), of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3B (IC50: 420.2 µg/mL), and of the bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 (IC50: 99.43 µg/mL). Analysis of DNA content indicated an increase in the sub-G1 population of 5637 cells as a result of PJE treatment. Furthermore, PJE caused a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. Moreover, PJE enhanced the levels of various components involved in the proapoptotic cascade, such as caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase. Moreover, it was observed that PJE modulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation and induced an elevation in intracellular production of ROS.

Conclusion:

These combined results strongly suggest that PJE possesses significant proapoptotic properties as an herbal medicine, acting through ROS-dependent MAPK signaling pathways in bladder cancer cells.
Seeds in the Classroom: The Place of the Arts in Education
Authors: Mishra Samina
Published: January 2024

This article examines the role of the arts in education through a detailed sharing of a research project, Hum Hindustani, on children and citizenship. Using examples of work co-created with children in art workshops for the project, the article offers an understanding of the place of the arts in the classroom to provoke a larger conversation that can lead to meaningful ways of engaging with children. It looks at questions of children’s voice, authenticity and positionality to argue for a reflexive teaching practice that can challenge pedagogies that emphasise tests and results, and instead allow for the development of the whole individual.
Quality assessment of online osteosarcoma–related videos in Mainland China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Chang , Chen Ge , Yin Yiran , Li Wen , Zhang Dexiang , Zhong Xiao
Published: January 2024

Background

Information about orthopedics diseases on the Internet has not been extensively assessed. Our purpose was to evaluate the quality of online information of osteosarcoma on current video-sharing platforms in mainland China.

Method

TikTok and Bilibili were independently queried from June to July 2023 by four independent researchers using the Microsoft Edge web browser. Information about the videos and creators was recorded, and descriptive analyses were conducted.

Results

After data extraction, a total of 95 videos were included, in which 43 videos were uploaded by certified doctors (45.3%), with 35 videos (36.8%) uploaded by certified orthopedic surgeons. Of the content of these videos, 78.9% were introduction ( n = 75), 64.2% were on professional knowledge ( n = 61), 28.4% were on treatment ( n = 27), while 5.3% were on surgical techniques ( n = 5). The mean DISCERN total score was 43.8 ± 13.4, and the mean JAMA score was 3.8 ± 0.3.

Conclusions

Videos about osteosarcoma on current video-sharing platforms were extensive, but were not comprehensive and professional. Although current online videos have the potential to improve public awareness on osteosarcoma, due to their quality and content, were not assessed to be good sources for medical education.
Insurance and the contradictions of the climate-development-finance nexus: The case of the African Risk Capacity
Authors: Chamberlain James , Bernards Nick
Published: January 2024

This article considers recent efforts at extending the scope of green finance into insurance schemes to manage the losses associated with the climate crisis in vulnerable countries. Focusing on the case of the African Risk Capacity (ARC), the article argues that these efforts are particularly revealing of the contradictions of what we term the ‘climate-development-finance nexus’ – growing efforts to bridge climate and development activities, with an emphasis on mobilizing green finance in order to do so. In particular, the case of ARC shows how the promotion of insurance should be read as a set of ultimately failed efforts to navigate relations of international financial subordination. Approaching the ARC in this way helps us to understand why the latter has fallen into a shape at odds with the intentions of either member states or the donors who have supported it, the latter illustrated primarily by considering the role of the British Department for International Development. This case, then, is revealing of how green finance more generally is strongly shaped by statecraft within the constraints of existing patterns of financial subordination.
Coinfection by Mycobacterium marinum and Mycolicibacterium fortuitum in a captive adult diamondback water snake causing disseminated mycobacteriosis with acute cutaneous ulceration
Authors: Barrantes Murillo Daniel Felipe , Negrão Watanabe Tatiane Terumi , Sasaki Emi , Pirie Gordon J. , Wakamatsu Nobuko
Published: January 2024

An adult male captive diamondback water snake ( Nerodia rhombifer) was found dead after a 1-d history of lethargy and cutaneous ulcers. The snake had eaten 2 sunfish ( Mola spp.) 5 d before death. Gross examination revealed white-to-tan nodules in the lung and liver and segmental intestinal impactions with digested fish. Histopathology confirmed disseminated granulomas with numerous intrahistiocytic acid-fast bacteria in the skin, skeletal muscle, lung, liver, and intestines. Mycobacterium marinum and Mycolicibacterium fortuitum were identified by culture of the hepatic granuloma, followed by PCR and rpoB gene sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the first description of M. marinum and M. fortuitum coinfection in this species. Although M. fortuitum has been isolated from reptiles, lesions associated with its presence in tissues have not been described previously. Interestingly, the mineralization within granulomas that we observed in our case is not reported in mycobacterial infection in reptiles, whereas this finding is common in mammals.
Adult Burn Survivors and Burn Care Staff Perceptions Regarding Transitioning From the Burn Unit: A Cross-Country Qualitative Study in Ghana and China
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Wong Frances Kam Yuet , Yi Wang , Chung Loretta Yuet Foon
Published: January 2024

Rehabilitative care for burn patients in developing countries is often wrought with several issues. Post-discharge support is equally challenging as there is often limited rehabilitative care as the burn survivors and their families transition. To inform practice, this study sought to explore the perspectives of adult burn survivors and burn care staff regarding transitioning from the burn unit and the development of a transitional rehabilitation programme. We employed interpretive description for this study. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with adult burn survivors and burn care staff across two tertiary healthcare facilities in Lanzhou, Gansu Province of China, and Ghana. The thematic analytical approach was employed to analyse the data. Forty-six participants comprising 26 adult burn survivors and 20 burn care staff participated in this study. Two themes and five subthemes emerged from the data. Transitioning from the burn unit to the home was described as complex with varied biopsychosocial needs emerging. However, available support was not comprehensive to resolve these needs. Existing pre-discharge support is limited across both settings. Burn survivors expressed interest in taking on an active role in the rehabilitation process and being able to self-manage their post-burn symptoms following discharge. Transitional rehabilitative support should include an active follow-up system, ensure patient- and family-centred support, and offer a bundle of comprehensive rehabilitative services using locally available items which do not financially burden burn survivors and their families. In conclusion, transitioning from the burn unit is filled with varied health needs. Transitional rehabilitative care is required to bridge the pre-discharge and post-discharge periods.
Career Pathways: Studying the Factors Influencing Career Choice and Change Among Graduate Students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Urio Perpetua John , Nziku Constancia Norbeth
Published: January 2024

The present study aimed to investigate various factors that influence career choice and change of graduate students in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. To achieve this objective, a qualitative research approach was employed, and a phenomenological case study design was utilized. Data collection was conducted through semistructured interviews, involving a total of 44 graduate students. Social Learning Theory as proposed by Krumboltz guided the study. The collected data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. The findings of the study indicated that the career choices of graduate students were influenced by factors such as family members and siblings, academic performance, and a lack of sufficient career knowledge and information. Conversely, career changes were found to be influenced by low remuneration, low motivation, job insecurity, and long working hours. These findings highlight the importance of providing graduate students with comprehensive information about the programs they intend to pursue before enrolling in universities. Furthermore, it is recommended that higher learning institutions offer career information services to assist graduates in making informed decisions regarding their career paths. Additionally, parents should provide guidance to their children based on their career interests and abilities. Lastly, employers should strive to create supportive and motivating work environments that encourage employees to remain with their organizations for longer periods of time.
Effectiveness of Using Mental Maps Using the Mindomo Mobile Application in the Training of Biology Teachers
Authors: Almenayeva Raikhan , Doszhanov Bayanali , Kurmanbayev Rakhat , Tileubay Sarsenkul , Geldymamedova Elza
Published: January 2024

In this article, the authors investigated the effectiveness of using mental maps using the Mindomo mobile application. As an evaluation criterion, we used the average percentage of correct answers to the test on the studied topic immediately after the end of the module and again after 3 months. The results indicate the effectiveness of such a tool as mental maps in learning, including in the long term; however, for long-term storage of information, the manual method of drawing turns out to be more effective than using a mobile application.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in the Treatment of Pediatric High Altitude Pulmonary Edema: A Case Study
Authors: Hodnick Ryan , Cohen Michael L. , Loehner Joseph B. , Mazzanti Jennifer
Published: January 2024

Treatment of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) can be challenging and is further complicated in the pediatric patient in the prehospital environment. The following case presents a decompensating pediatric patient with HAPE in the prehospital aeromedical environment. It illustrates the potential benefit of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) as a treatment modality in the treatment of HAPE.
Envenomation by Eyelash Viper Bothriechis schlegelii (Berthold, 1846) in Southwestern Colombia
Authors: Cañas Carlos A. , Erazo-Martinez Valeria , Pérez-Uribe Valentina , Castaño-Valencia Santiago , Castro-Herrera Fernando
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Bothriechis schlegelii is a Crotaline viperid species of Central America and Northern South America. The characteristics of its envenomation have not been well established. We present clinical characteristics of human cases evaluated and treated in a hospital in southwestern Colombia.

Methods

We evaluated data from patients who suffered Bothriechis schlegelii envenomation and were seen at Fundación Valle del Lili Hospital, Cali, Colombia between 2011 and 2022.

Results

Eight patients were included, with a median age of 24 years. Snakebites occurred in rural areas. Six (75%) patients were bitten on the upper extremities in relation to the arboreal habits of this animal. The most common symptoms were pain and edema ( N = 8, 100%), ecchymoses ( N = 2, 25%), and paresthesia ( N = 2, 25%). The most common systemic findings were hypofibrinogenemia ( N = 8, 100%) and prolonged prothrombin time in five patients ( N = 5, 62.5%). All were treated with polyvalent antivenom for Colombian snakes, with a good response and outcome.

Conclusions

Most bite sites from B. schlegelii were on the upper limbs. All patients had both local manifestations, including edema, pain, and systemic effects with hypofibrinogenemia, but none had systemic bleeding. Every patient received antivenom and had favorable outcomes.
Can a Theory of Human Flourishing be Formulated? Toward a Science of Flourishing
Authors: Fowers Blaine J. , Novak Lukas F. , Calder Alex J. , Kiknadze Nona C.
Published: January 2024

Interest in the topic of human flourishing has burgeoned. This article discusses what is required for a general account of flourishing. It builds on three previous critiques of flourishing conceptualization that clarified the lack of systematic theorizing, the overemphasis on psychometric investigations, and the acultural manner of conceptualization. Addressing these difficulties is necessary to move toward a more cohesive, cumulative science of flourishing. The first theme of the article is a vital first step toward providing a systematic theory of flourishing. The article appropriates Aristotle’s conception of eudaimonia (flourishing or good living) to contemporary concerns. The proposed Eudaimonic Theory defines flourishing, specifies its content in terms of human goods, discusses flourishing as a way of life (i.e., not a one-time achievement or subjective experience), and discusses virtue traits in a flourishing life. A second theme reaffirms the Aristotelian commitment to empirical (broadly conceived) verification. Psychometric evaluations of flourishing measures are useful, but insufficient evidence for a flourishing science. Therefore, hypotheses are provided for heuristic research guidance. The third theme is that flourishing must be made sufficiently capacious to accommodate the substantial cultural variation in flourishing conceptions. The article concludes with a promising proposal for formulating a general account of flourishing.
Dirac cones in three-layered plates
Authors: Kuznetsov S.V.
Published: January 2024

The proper Dirac-like cones are observed in dispersion portraits of guided waves propagating in isotropic three-layered traction-free plates. It is revealed that if both layers have equal Poisson’s ratios and satisfy Wiechert condition, the Dirac-like cones appear regardless of the Poisson’s ratio value. This phenomenon opens a new approach for the creation of the layered plates possessing Dirac-like cones. The analysis is based on the Cauchy sextic formalism combined with the exponential fundamental matrix method.
The Response Study: A French registry on pregnancy in women with MS and related disorders and their children up to 6 years—Protocol, recruitment status, and baseline characteristics
Authors: Vukusic Sandra , Bourre Bertrand , Casey Romain , Deiva Kumaran , Guennoc Anne-Marie , Lebrun-Frenay Christine , Leray Emmanuelle , Rollot Fabien , Benyahya Lakhdar , Girod Catherine , Marignier Romain , Maillart Elisabeth
Published: January 2024

Background:

Counseling on pregnancy is still challenging, particularly regarding the use of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs). We are lacking long-term outcomes in children exposed to DMTs.

Objectives:

This study aimed to set up a French pregnancy registry for women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders nested within the Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques (OFSEP) cohort.

Methods:

Prospective, observational, multicentric, epidemiological study in France. Neurological visits are organized according to routine practice. Data are collected on the OFSEP minimal datasheet. Auto-questionnaires on pregnancy are completed by patients at Months 5–6 and 8 during pregnancy, and Months 3, 6, and 12 postpartum. A specific survey on analgesia is completed by anesthesiologists. Pediatric data are collected from the child’s health book, where visits on Day 8, Month 9, and 24 are mandatory. Parents complete neurodevelopmental questionnaires at Year 1, Years 2 and 6.

Results:

The RESPONSE study started in August 2019. On 7 April 2023, 515 women were included. Baseline demographics are presented.

Conclusions:

RESPONSE will provide rich information on the global management of pregnancy in France and prospective data on children until the age of 6 years, exposed or not to a DMT, including data on neurodevelopment that can be compared to the general population.

Study funding:

EDMUS and ARSEP Foundation, Biogen, Roche.
The impact of community resilience, well-being, and community attachment on human service workers’ burnout
Authors: Henriques Joana , Luís Sílvia , Rivero Catarina , Gonçalves Sónia P , Tavares Lara Patrício , Marujo Helena Á
Published: January 2024

Burnout has become an increasingly prevalent condition, especially affecting professionals in direct contact with clients. Human service workers (HSWs) have quite emotionally taxing jobs supporting vulnerable groups. In developing a close relationship with the communities they work with, it could be possible that community-related variables have an impact on HSWs’ burnout. We aim to analyze the prevalence of burnout in a sample of HSWs from Portugal and the role of community resilience as a predictor of their burnout, as well as explore if their subjective well-being and community attachment could explain the relationship between community resilience and burnout, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through an online questionnaire between August 2020 and January 2021 ( N = 598).

Findings

Results indicate that HSWs presented medium to low levels of burnout, although 8.9% presented high levels. Those who reported lower levels of burnout perceived higher community resilience and had much higher well-being and community attachment. Findings point to community resilience having a significant direct effect on burnout and also an indirect effect, which was explained by subjective well-being and community attachment.

Applications

Results seem to suggest that this sample's low-medium levels of burnout could be linked to the benefit of experiencing high community attachment and working in communities with high resilience, which consequently impacted their well-being and burnout. This highlights the crucial role of the work context in professionals’ mental health, showing that a broader context needs to be considered in professional mental health promotion programs.
Research on pressure wave decoupling method for the nozzle of common rail electronically controlled injector based on water hammer theory
Authors: Xu Jing , Fan Liyun , Li Bo , Wei Yunpeng , Lan Qi , Wang Guangze
Published: January 2024

The pressure fluctuation in nozzle of the common rail injector directly affects the stability of fuel injection. As the pressure fluctuation often the result of coaction of multiple factors, it is difficult to carry out in-depth research. To reveal the mechanism of pressure fluctuation of common rail injector nozzle, based on the verified AMESim simulation model of the injector, the decoupling method of pressure wave in delivery chamber of the injector was investigated by applying the water hammer theory. The water hammer pressure in delivery chamber was divided into four stages, and pressure waves caused by the needle valve opening can be decoupled from that caused by the needle valve closing. In the range of 80–180 MPa rail pressure, both the opening and closing processes of the needle valve are direct water hammer phenomena. It is found that the water hammer pressure of the delivery chamber caused by fuel injection mainly consists of three pressure waves through a series of analysis and simplification. The results show that, all the pressures obtained by the superposition of three pressure waves under different working conditions are in good agreement with the simulated water hammer pressures.
Effects of thermal barrier coating porosity on combustion and heat losses in a light duty diesel engine
Authors: Somhorst Joop , Oevermann Michael
Published: January 2024

Plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), applied in internal combustion engines, can have a profound impact on the apparent rate of heat release. Upon fuel jet contact with the piston wall, the heat loss seems to increase compared to an uncoated piston and combustion appears delayed. Permeable porosity of plasma sprayed TBCs is identified as one of the possible causes for this unwanted effect. In this article the impact of open porosity and sealing of the TBC surface are investigated with single cylinder engine experiments and with simulations. Based on the results, a mechanism is presented to explain the observations.
Practicing care-full scholarship: Exploring the use of ‘visual informed consent’ in a study of motherhood, health and agroecology in Coventry, UK
Authors: Abbas Mai , Franklin Alex , Lemke Stefanie , Tornaghi Chiara
Published: January 2024

The demand for alternative methods of providing informed consent is increasing, especially in research with marginalised (or illiterate) research participants. This article discusses the co-creation of a visual informed consent (VIC), in collaboration with an artist. The VIC was inspired by the experience of obtaining informed consent from a group of migrant women with limited English proficiency, in empirical research undertaken on agroecology and health in Coventry, UK. Reflecting further on its creation and wider utility, this article explores the inner values that might guide researchers and lead to the co-creation of care-full tools that meet the needs of research participants. Specifically, this includes, reflecting on the iterative process of developing a VIC and using an ethics of care as a primary conceptual framework. Findings reveal that participants’ understanding of ethical issues is facilitated using visual illustrations. It is argued that the creation of a VIC requires the researcher to be attentive to the embodied nature of research practice and guided by an ethics of care. A conceptual framework that integrates care and embodiment is presented, with the intention that it may further support the development of care-full research by others.
ChatGPT and the entangled evolution of society, education, and technology: A systems theory perspective
Authors: Watson Steven , Romic Jonathan
Published: January 2024

This paper presents a novel contribution to the discourse surrounding Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT in relation to education and society by using systems theory. We argue that ChatGPT can be understood not just as an ‘artificial’ intelligence but that it is entangled in the evolution of society and therefore education. ChatGPT is a subsystem of the autopoietic system of technology, which in modern society mediates between individual thinking, the physical world, and between thought and society. It is an instrumental tool and a semantic communication medium. With this bimodal framing, we consider ChatGPT and its role in society and education and consider the uses and implications of the technology. In this we respond to the need to introduce a scientific understanding of ChatGPT. We consider its emerging role in promoting educational inclusion, while also reflecting on challenges and limitations. We conclude by identifying the critical multi-dimensional skill sets required for individuals in a ChatGPT-integrated society and calls for strategic educational policies to facilitate this integration responsibly. Overall, this study paves the way for further research by providing a foundational understanding of LLMs through systems theory, thereby informing their ethical and effective incorporation into education.
Quaternion empirical Ramanujan Fourier decomposition and its application in gear fault diagnosis
Authors: Wu Hongkang , Cheng Junsheng , Hu Niaoqing , Cheng Zhe , Yang Yu
Published: January 2024

In the field of gear health monitoring, the measured signals are traditionally derived from a single sensor or a single direction. However, with the increasing complexity and size of equipment structures nowadays, a single-channel signal often falls short in providing comprehensive status information. Furthermore, fault-induced vibrations are randomly indeterminate in both location and direction, which indicates the necessity of using multi-channel signals for effective gear fault diagnosis. As a single-channel method, Ramanujan Fourier transform (RFT) has been recognized for its effectiveness in extracting periodic components from signals. However, the RFT is limited to handling single-channel signals and lacks the ability to analyze nonstationary signals. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a novel multi-channel signal processing method called quaternion empirical Ramanujan Fourier decomposition (QERFD), which extends the RFT to the multi-channel field using the quaternion method. By fusing multi-channel signals while preserving the advantages of RFT, the proposed QERFD method enhances fault information extraction. In addition, QERFD shows high computational efficiency. Therefore, QERFD is of great practical value for the health monitoring of complex equipment in the present industrial context of big data. To substantiate the superiority of QERFD, simulations and experiments are carried out and compared against both single-channel and multi-channel methods.
Wavelet structuring element-based morphological filtering method in wire rope inspection signal denoising
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Shan Longxiang , Liu Yong , Hua Xia , Sun Yanhua , He Lingsong
Published: January 2024

Aiming at the multi-source interference signals in wire rope inspection, while common morphological filtering methods with traditional structuring elements are hard to distinguish, a new wavelet structuring element-based one-dimensional (1D) generalized morphological filtering method is proposed. First, principles and related theories of the generalized morphological filter are introduced and then the new wavelet structuring elements are analyzed. Thereafter, simulation and comparison regarding common structuring element morphological filter and the new wavelet function-based models are conducted through signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and mean square error (MSE) analysis. Meanwhile, the influence of different noises and main structuring element parameters of length L, amplitude H to the signal processing results are revealed. Finally, experiments for different wire rope defects inspection by magnetic flux leakage testing are conducted, and characterizations of the wavelet structuring element-based morphological filtering methods are presented and compared through six case studies. Besides, the superior performance of the wavelet structuring morphological gradient models are compared and validated by short-time Fourier transform, SNR, MSE analysis, and quantitative defect recognition. The comparison results show that db4 and sym4 wavelet structuring elements-based 1D morphological filter features the highest wire rope defect detection and signal recognition accuracy under the gradient operation, which demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods. Additionally, advantages and disadvantages of the new models are summarized and discussed.
Vigabatrin in Epilepsy Related to TSC: Does it PREVeNT AND OR (EPI) STOP Seizures OR… Do We Need Some More STEPS as VI RAP?
Authors: Joshi Charuta
Published: January 2024

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Anterior Column Realignment Through Open Pre-posterior Release-Anterior-Posterior Fusion Versus Hybrid Minimally Invasive-Anterior-Posterior Fusion for Dynamic Sagittal Imbalance of the Spine
Authors: Ahn Joonghyun , Ha Kee-Yong , Kim Yong-Chan , Kim Ki-Tack , Kim Sung-Min , Ko Taeyoung , Kim Sang-Il , Kim Young-Hoon
Published: January 2024

Study Design

Retrospective comparative study.

Objectives

To investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes after anterior column realignment (ACR) through pre-posterior release-anterior-posterior surgery (PAP) and minimally invasive surgery -lateral lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-LLIF) using hybrid anterior-posterior surgery (AP).

Methods

A total of 91 patients who underwent ACR with long fusions from T10 vertebra to the sacropelvis with a follow-up period of at least 2 years after corrective surgery for adult spinal deformity were included and divided into two groups by surgical method: AP and PAP. AP was performed in 26 and PAP in 65 patients. Clinical outcomes and radiological parameters were investigated and compared. A further comparison was conducted after propensity score matching between the groups.

Results

The more increase of LL and decrease of PI-LL mismatch were observed in the PAP group than in the AP group postoperatively. After propensity score matching, total operation time and intraoperative bleeding were greater, and intensive care unit care and rod fracture were more frequent in the PAP group than in the AP group with statistical significance. Reoperation rate was higher in PAP (29.2%) than in AP (16.7%) without statistical significance.

Conclusions

PAP provides a more powerful correction for severe sagittal malalignment than AP procedures. AP results in less intraoperative bleeding, operation time, and postoperative complications. Therefore, this study does not suggest that one treatment is superior to the other.

Level of Evidence

III.
Are Teachers Satisfied With Their Evaluations? The Importance of Teaching Context and Trends Over Time
Authors: Sartain Lauren , Morris Wesley T.
Published: January 2024

Nationally, teachers have experienced major changes in how their performance is evaluated. Teacher satisfaction with the evaluation system likely influences whether they will use the evaluation data to make instructional improvements, yet we know little about teachers’ perceptions of their evaluations. Using survey data from Chicago Public Schools, we explore teacher satisfaction with the evaluation system and their perceptions of its fairness and accuracy. Sixty percent of teachers reported being satisfied with the district’s reformed teacher evaluation. However, satisfaction declined following the implementation of the district’s more rigorous evaluation system, driven by tenured teachers’ differentially negative impressions. Notably, teacher satisfaction was higher in schools with strong climates, particularly where teachers perceived instructional leadership as effective. These findings underscore the importance of school leaders in the implementation of teacher evaluation policies and suggest that some principals need support fostering school climates focused on instructional improvement and building strong relationships with staff.
Nurse Reports of Moral Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Stephenson Pam , Warner-Stidham Andrea
Published: January 2024

Background

COVID-19 was devastating for many frontline nurses embroiled in health care's response. Most media outlets reported from several large metropolitan areas in New York, California, and Florida, leaving other regions to wonder about the extent to which their nurses were suffering.

Objective

The purpose of this article was to understand the specific needs and experiences of Northeast Ohio nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 before designing interventions targeting negative mental outcomes.

Methods

This phenomenological study interviewed 16 Northeast Ohio nurses to understand their experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19.

Results

Although not asked about it directly, the participants’ stories consistently included details that could be linked to moral distress. Two themes describing their lived experiences included “acquiring moral distress” and “living with moral distress.” Additional findings are also reported separately because although they do not represent the lived experience of COVID-19 nursing, they did represent significant concerns that participants had for the future and are reported here to assist other researchers with the intervention design. Furthermore, these participants thought that participation in support groups with other nurses who cared for COVID-19 patients and possibly led by mental health advanced practice nurses offered the best intervention to process their trauma from the pandemic.

Conclusions

The long-term effects of moral distress have been discussed routinely in recent literature and are further complicated by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Threats to the shrinking workforce of nurses must be taken seriously and interventions to improve the mental health and morale of frontline nurses must be prioritized and tested.
How I use genomics and BTK inhibitors in the treatment of Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Treon Steven P. , Sarosiek Shayna , Castillo Jorge J.
Published: January 2024

Mutations in MYD88 (95%-97%) and CXCR4 (30%-40%) are common in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). TP53 is altered in 20% to 30% of patients with WM, particularly those previously treated. Mutated MYD88 activates hematopoietic cell kinase that drives Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) prosurvival signaling. Both nonsense and frameshift CXCR4 mutations occur in WM. Nonsense variants show greater resistance to BTK inhibitors. Covalent BTK inhibitors (cBTKi) produce major responses in 70% to 80% of patients with WM. MYD88 and CXCR4 mutation status can affect time to major response, depth of response, and/or progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with WM treated with cBTKi. The cBTKi zanubrutinib shows greater response activity and/or improved PFS in patients with WM with wild-type MYD88, mutated CXCR4, or altered TP53. Risks for adverse events, including atrial fibrillation, bleeding diathesis, and neutropenia can differ based on which BTKi is used in WM. Intolerance is also common with cBTKi, and dose reduction or switchover to another cBTKi can be considered. For patients with acquired resistance to cBTKis, newer options include pirtobrutinib or venetoclax. Combinations of BTKis with chemoimmunotherapy, CXCR4, and BCL2 antagonists are discussed. Algorithms for positioning BTKis in treatment naïve or previously treated patients with WM, based on genomics, disease characteristics, and comorbidities, are presented.
Genetic mechanisms underlying tumor microenvironment composition and function in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Cerchietti Leandro
Published: January 2024

Cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) show enormous diversity and plasticity, with functions that can range from tumor inhibitory to tumor supportive. The patient’s age, immune status, and DLBCL treatments are factors that contribute to the shaping of this TME, but evidence suggests that genetic factors, arising principally in lymphoma cells themselves, are among the most important. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of these genetic drivers of DLBCL in establishing and modulating the lymphoma microenvironment. A better comprehension of the relationship between lymphoma genetic factors and TME biology should lead to better therapeutic interventions, especially immunotherapies.
Hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and DNA replication dynamics maintained by the resilient β-catenin/Hoxa9/Prmt1 axis
Authors: Lynch Jennifer , Troadec Estelle , Fung Tsz Kan , Gladysz Kornelia , Virely Clemence , Lau Priscilla Nga Ieng , Cheung Ngai , Zeisig Bernd , Wong Jason W. H. , Lopes Massimo , Huang Suming , So Chi Wai Eric
Published: January 2024

Maintenance of quiescence and DNA replication dynamics are 2 paradoxical requirements for the distinct states of dormant and active hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are required to preserve the stem cell reservoir and replenish the blood cell system in response to hematopoietic stress, respectively. Here, we show that key self-renewal factors, β-catenin or Hoxa9, largely dispensable for HSC integrity, in fact, have dual functions in maintaining quiescence and enabling efficient DNA replication fork dynamics to preserve the functionality of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Although β-catenin or Hoxa9 single knockout (KO) exhibited mostly normal hematopoiesis, their coinactivation led to severe hematopoietic defects stemmed from aberrant cell cycle, DNA replication, and damage in HSPCs. Mechanistically, β-catenin and Hoxa9 function in a compensatory manner to sustain key transcriptional programs that converge on the pivotal downstream target and epigenetic modifying enzyme, Prmt1, which protects the quiescent state and ensures an adequate supply of DNA replication and repair factors to maintain robust replication fork dynamics. Inactivation of Prmt1 phenocopied both cellular and molecular phenotypes of β-catenin/Hoxa9 combined KO, which at the same time could also be partially rescued by Prmt1 expression. The discovery of the highly resilient β-catenin/Hoxa9/Prmt1 axis in protecting both quiescence and DNA replication dynamics essential for HSCs at different key states provides not only novel mechanistic insights into their intricate regulation but also a potential tractable target for therapeutic intervention.
An adjudication algorithm for respiratory-related hospitalisation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Ford Paul , Kreuter Michael , Brown Kevin K. , Wuyts Wim A. , Wijsenbeek Marlies , Israël-Biet Dominique , Hubbard Richard , Nathan Steven D. , Nunes Hilario , Penninckx Bjorn , Prasad Niyati , Seghers Ineke , Spagnolo Paolo , Verbruggen Nadia , Hirani Nik , Behr Juergen , Kaner Robert J. , Maher Toby M.
Published: January 2024

Background

There is no standard definition of respiratory-related hospitalisation, a common end-point in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) clinical trials. As diverse aetiologies and complicating comorbidities can present similarly, external adjudication is sometimes employed to achieve standardisation of these events.

Methods

An algorithm for respiratory-related hospitalisation was developed through a literature review of IPF clinical trials with respiratory-related hospitalisation as an end-point. Experts reviewed the algorithm until a consensus was reached. The algorithm was validated using data from the phase 3 ISABELA trials (clinicaltrials.govidentifiersNCT03711162andNCT03733444), by assessing concordance between nonadjudicated, investigator-defined, respiratory-related hospitalisations and those defined by the adjudication committee using the algorithm.

Results

The algorithm classifies respiratory-related hospitalisation according to cause: extraparenchymal (worsening respiratory symptoms due to left heart failure, volume overload, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax or trauma); other (respiratory tract infection, right heart failure or exacerbation of COPD); “definite” acute exacerbation of IPF (AEIPF) (worsening respiratory symptoms within 1 month, with radiological or histological evidence of diffuse alveolar damage); or “suspected” AEIPF (as for “definite” AEIPF, but with no radiological or histological evidence of diffuse alveolar damage). Exacerbations (“definite” or “suspected”) with identified triggers (infective, post-procedural or traumatic, drug toxicity- or aspiration-related) are classed as “known AEIPF”; “idiopathic AEIPF” refers to exacerbations with no identified trigger. In the ISABELA programme, there was 94% concordance between investigator- and adjudication committee-determined causes of respiratory-related hospitalisation.

Conclusion

The algorithm could help to ensure consistency in the reporting of respiratory-related hospitalisation in IPF trials, optimising its utility as an end-point.
Impact of surgical approach on 90-day mortality after lung resection for nonsmall cell lung cancer in high-risk operable patients
Authors: Etienne Harry , Pagès Pierre-Benoît , Iquille Jules , Falcoz Pierre Emmanuel , Brouchet Laurent , Berthet Jean-Philippe , Le Pimpec Barthes Françoise , Jougon Jacques , Filaire Marc , Baste Jean-Marc , Anne Valentine , Renaud Stéphane , D'Annoville Thomas , Meunier Jean Pierre , Jayle Christophe , Dromer Christian , Seguin-Givelet Agathe , Legras Antoine , Rinieri Philippe , Jaillard-Thery Sophie , Margot Vincent , Thomas Pascal-Alexandre , Dahan Marcel , Mordant Pierre
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is often associated with compromised lung function. Real-world data on the impact of surgical approach in NSCLC patients with compromised lung function are still lacking. The objective of this study is to assess the potential impact of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) on 90-day post-operative mortality after anatomic lung resection in high-risk operable NSCLC patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicentre study including all patients who underwent anatomic lung resection between January 2010 and October 2021 and registered in the Epithor database. High-risk patients were defined as those with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) or diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) value below 50%. Co-primary end-points were the impact of risk status on 90-day mortality and the impact of MIS on 90-day mortality in high-risk patients.

Results

Of the 46 909 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 42 214 patients (90%) with both preoperative FEV1andDLCOabove 50% were included in the low-risk group, and 4695 patients (10%) with preoperative FEV1and/or preoperativeDLCObelow 50% were included in the high-risk group. The 90-day mortality rate was significantly higher in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group (280 (5.96%)versus1301 (3.18%); p<0.0001). In high-risk patients, MIS was associated with lower 90-day mortality compared to open surgery in univariate analysis (OR=0.04 (0.02–0.05), p<0.001) and in multivariable analysis after propensity score matching (OR=0.46 (0.30–0.69), p<0.001). High-risk patients operated through MIS had a similar 90-day mortality rate compared to low-risk patients in general (3.10%versus3.18% respectively).

Conclusion

By examining the impact of surgical approaches on 90-day mortality using a nationwide database, we found that either preoperative FEV1orDLCObelow 50% is associated with higher 90-day mortality, which can be reduced by using minimally invasive surgical approaches. High-risk patients operated through MIS have a similar 90-day mortality rate as low-risk patients.
Age-related changes in the neural gating of respiratory sensations in humans
Authors: Chang Wen-Pin , Liang Kai-Jie , Cheng Chia-Hsiung , Liu Chia-Yih , von Leupoldt Andreas , Chan Pei-Ying S.
Published: January 2024

Background

Neural gating of respiratory sensations (NGRS) characterises the brain's ability to filter out repetitive respiratory sensory stimuli. This mechanism plays a crucial role in the neural processing of respiratory stimuli. However, whether ageing affects NGRS in healthy adults is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to measure the effect of age on NGRS as well as the corresponding S1 and S2 components of the respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREPs).

Methods

Three age groups of healthy adults participated in this study: a young group (YG; age 20–39 years), a middle-aged group (MG; age 40–59 years) and an old group (OG; age ≥60 years). NGRS was measured by the RREPs in the electroencephalogram in response to short-paired respiratory occlusion stimuli (S1 and S2). The S2/S1 ratio of the RREP N1 amplitude (the negative deflection of the RREP at ∼85–135 ms) was used to characterise NGRS.

Results

The results showed a significantly smaller N1 S2/S1 ratio in the YG than in the MG (p=0.01) and OG (p=0.03). Further analysis showed that the S1 N1 amplitude was larger for the YG compared with the MG (p=0.03) and OG (p=0.007). Moreover, age was significantly correlated with the N1 S2/S1 ratio (r=0.43), with higher age relating to higher N1 S2/S1 ratios.

Conclusions

The greater N1 S2/S1 ratios observed in older adults suggest that ageing has a negative impact on the NGRS. This might contribute to increased experiences of respiratory sensations such as dyspnoea in ageing adults.