bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-perceived speech communication difficulties with the use of respiratory protective masks among students of speech–language pathology
Authors: Parambil Alfiya Khaleel Puliyulla , Jayakumar Thirunavukkarasu
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Respiratory protective mask usage has been recommended worldwide to hamper the spread of the COVID-19 virus, and since then, communication challenges created by use of the mask has become a topic of concern, especially among medical professionals. Hence, this study aims to determine self-perceived speech communication concerns and to identify any vocal symptoms in master’s students of speech–language pathology (SLP), when wearing nose-and-mouth covering respiratory protective masks during therapy.

Materials and Methods:

The current study used a survey-based research design, where a questionnaire was developed, validated, and was distributed through online platforms. Participants were recruited through the snowball sampling technique. From a total of 123 master’s students of SLP that participated, 110 participants (64 first year and 46 second year students) were included. The questions were divided into three domains of day-to-day communication, work-related, and vocal symptoms. The participants were asked to rate their self-perceived speech communication issues owing to use of mask, on a 5-point Semantic Likert Scale. The test–retest reliability of the questionnaire was determined among 10% of the participants in the study.

Results:

The work-related domain was affected more than the other two domains. Those who wore a cloth mask and N95 masks had a greater effect on speech than those using other masks.

Conclusion:

The use of respiratory protective masks reduced clarity and increased vocal strain among the speakers and also caused more difficulty in understanding speech in listeners.
Extratympanic electrocochleography using chirp stimuli: Effect of type of stimuli on the amplitude of summating potential and action potential
Authors: Walia Nirbhay Singh , Vanaja C. S.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The study aimed to investigate the effect of stimulus type on extratympanic electrocochleography (ECochG). The study specifically compared the amplitude of summating potential (SP); action potential (AP); SP/AP amplitude ratio; and SP/AP area ratio obtained for clicks, broadband (BB), and narrowband (NB) chirps.

Materials and Methods:

Extratympanic ECochG was recorded using TIPtrode electrodes for clicks, BB chirps, and NB chirps of 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz from participants with normal hearing. The SP amplitude, AP amplitude, SP/AP amplitude ratio, and SP/AP area ratio obtained for different stimuli were compared.

Results:

The results revealed that the type of stimuli affected the amplitude of SP and AP. The detection rate of SP was highest, with clicks followed by BB chirps. Among the NB chirps of different frequencies, 4000 Hz NB chirps had the highest detection rate for SP. The amplitude of SP was maximum for 500 Hz NB chirp. However, there was no effect of the type of stimuli on the SP/AP amplitude ratio and area ratio.

Conclusion:

BB chirps are better than NB chirps for detecting SP and AP. There is no need for separate normative data for SP/AP amplitude and area ratio for clicks, BB, chirps, and NB chirps.
Influence of vowel environment and speaking style in Tamil language and its implications on forensic speaker identification: An acoustic study
Authors: Lakshmi Narasimhan V. , Sugaraj Samuel R.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

There are a number of challenges in forensic speaker identification (FSI) due to the variations in recorded speech samples. Two major variations which uniformly spread in entire speech samples are as follows: variation due to (1) speaking style and (2) vowel environment. The present study is carried out in Tamil language, and here, we study variations in formant frequency due to different speaking styles, i.e., reading and natural spontaneous speech mode.

Materials and Methods:

Speech samples were recorded in both reading and natural speech mode from 11 persons known to the authors. The present study is based on auditory and spectrographic analysis, a conventional method followed in FSI. The spectrographic analysis and measurement of formant frequencies were carried out by using computerized speech lab.

Results:

The study was carried out on the basis of Euclidian distances and statistical analysis on formant frequencies, and it was observed that the formant frequencies do not vary significantly during reading mode; however, in natural speech mode, it vary significantly. A detailed study on the effect of change in vowel environment was carried out, and it was revealed that there is a significant variation in formant frequencies due to difference in realization.

Conclusion:

The results show that the vocal tract geometry of a speaker shall vary significantly due to the difference in speaking style and vowel environment. The results obtained in this study will be useful in modeling text-dependent and text-independent automatic speaker identification systems. Further, there is a scope for similar study in different languages and applications.
Iatrogenic Enamel Lesions with Fixed Multi-bracket Treatment
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Kumari Sommya , Guntipally Sowmya Shree , Chhabra Ajay , Kumar Ashok , Kumar Ratnesh , Singh Ritesh
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Malocclusion is a serious oral health issue that requires orthodontic correction. Fixed orthodontic appliances are known for acquired enamel damage.

Aims:

To evaluate the incidence of iatrogenic white spots in subjects treated with fixed orthodontic therapy.

Methods and Materials:

This was a retrospective study. The study sample included the orthodontically treated subjects debonded during the study period. An imaging technique was followed to evaluate enamel white spots. Teeth debonded after orthodontic therapy were evaluated and compared with pretreatment records.

Results:

A majority of subjects were young adults. Maximum subjects were school-going children from the rural background. Maxillary incisors were the most affected tooth, whereas maxillary posteriors were the least affected with white spot lesions.

Conclusions:

Iatrogenic enamel damage is the prime concern for orthodontists. Good oral hygiene maintenance and demineralization prevention is the ideal strategy.
Assessing Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) Using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) among the Prisoners in the Central Jail in Vidarbha Region of Maharashtra, India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shrigiriwar Manish B. , Chandwani Neelam D. , Gedam Unnati , Ramaraj PN , Deshmukh Ranjana , Gayke Anjali
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

The prison population is a physically, mentally, socially, and economically vulnerable sector in our society with neglected oral health. Dental check-ups not only provide the necessity of treatment but also create awareness regarding the importance of oral health among the incarcerated individuals.

Aim:

The study aims to evaluate the oral health status and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among the prisoners through the application of the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14).

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study design involved demographic details, oral examination to assess DMFT index, and structured OHIP-14 questionnaire to assess seven dimensions of the oral health impact profile of 440 male inmates. The responses were recorded in a five-point Likert scale from 0 to 4. The final score was calculated.

Results:

The overall mean OHIP score was 14.048 with a standard deviation of 9.995. Out of seven, the most affected domain was psychological discomfort (mean 2.49, SD 1.68) and the least affected domain was functional disability (mean 1.21, SD 1.18).

Conclusion:

The findings from this research can contribute valuable insights into the oral health challenges faced by incarcerated individuals, potentially guiding the development of targeted oral health interventions within correctional settings.
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration Assay of Tridax procumbens Stem Extract-Based Chitosan Gel against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Aditya Sachin , Jeevitha M. , Gurumoorthy Kaarthikeyan , Shanmugham Rajeshkumar
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Tridax procumbens has long been used as an insect deterrent, anticoagulant, and for the healing of wounds. In some areas of India, traditional healers also employ T. procumbens to treat injuries, blisters, and boils. A widespread rod-shaped, gram-negative, strictly aerobic bacteria called Pseudomonas aeruginosa can infect both plants and animals, including humans. It can be found in a variety of infections, particularly those that have a tendency to become chronic such as gingivitis and periodontitis. This study aims to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay of T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel against P. aeruginosa.

Materials and Methods:

The extract was produced from powdered T. procumbens stem part. To create the wound-healing gel, medium molecular weight chitosan was added to the T. procumbens stem extract to form a homogenous gel. Time-kill assay was conducted to determine the time-kill kinetics of the T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel against P. aeruginosa.

Results:

The absorbance values decreased progressively over time at all concentrations (25 μL, 50 μL, and 100 μL) showing its inhibitory effect. With the increase in concentration, the inhibitory effect of T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel against P. aeruginosa also increased.

Conclusion:

T. procumbens stem extract-based chitosan gel has revealed potent antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and therefore the gel can be applied for efficient wound healing.
To Study the Thyroid Hormone Levels in Neonates of Rural and Urban Vidarbha Region
Authors: Kondhalkar Ankita , Kaple Meghali , Ambad Ranjit S. , Dhok Archana , Anjankar Ashsish
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate thyroid hormone levels in neonates from the rural and urban Vidarbha region. Over the past decade, neonatal hypothyroidism screening has been conducted using filter paper techniques to identify congenital hypothyroidism (CH). In some screening programs, only T4 is measured initially, with TSH assessed if the T4 levels fall below normal. Conversely, some programs exclusively measure TSH to screen for CH. Currently, initial TSH screening can identify subclinical hypothyroidism in cases where T4 levels are normal, while preliminary T4 testing can reveal congenital hypothyroidism when TSH is elevated. If either T4 or TSH is found to be abnormal during preliminary screening, the other parameter should be monitored. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in preventing intellectual disabilities in newborns.

Material and Method:

The present cross-sectional research will be conducted in collaboration with the Departments of Biochemistry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Community Medicine, and Pediatrics at Jawaharlal-Nehru Medical College Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha, along with the Datta-Meghe Institute of Medical Science (Deemed University) in Maharashtra, India, and Datta-Meghe Medical College, Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur.

Results:

A total of 272 neonates were tested for Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) from the study area of the Vidarba region in which 138 neonates were from the rural area and 134 neonates were from the urban area. A total of 144 (53%) males and 128 (47%) females were born in rural and urban areas. In the neonates, it was observed that the Mean ± SD for free T4 and TSH was 0.84 ± 0.15 and 3.83 ± 2.12, respectively. If the free T4 value was less than the lower limit, the TSH value CB ≥25 μIU/ml and plasma ≥10 μIU/ml was considered as screen positive in the present study.

Conclusion:

Newborn screening programs were established to assess neonates at birth by measuring (TSH) levels. In many screening programs, TSH is the primary marker for evaluating thyroid function and is the preferred test for clinicians diagnosing various thyroid disorders. However, TSH levels can vary significantly and exhibit a broad reference range within the general population, which presents challenges in interpreting the results during newborn screening and in using it later as a clinical diagnostic tool for thyroid function.
Analyzing Predictive Indicators of Fever and Sepsis after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Zalavadiya Gautam , Santhosh S , Tapnikar Lata Ajay , Vaidya Nikhil Ramesh , Patel Vivek Amritbhai , Patel Nilam V.
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:

Our research aims to identify the factors that can help reduce the risk of complications and enhance patient safety.

Material and Methods:

This was a single institutional, retrospective study over a period of 1 year. A total of 250 patients were included in the study, and the study variables recorded were analyzed statistically.

Results:

A total of 115 patients presented with stones larger than 25 millimeters, while 75 patients were diagnosed with staghorn stones. Our study revealed a statistical connection between severe sepsis following surgery and three key factors: stone size exceeding 25 millimeters, an operative duration longer than 120 minutes, and substantial bleeding that necessitated a transfusion.

Conclusion:

Experiencing a fever after PCNL is a common response; however, the likelihood of it developing into a serious condition, such as life-threatening severe sepsis and MODS, is quite low.
Use of Analgesics in Dentistry and Orthopedics: A Survey-based Study in India
Authors: Pal Ananda Kisor , Dannana Chandra Sekhar , Archik Shreedhar , Avadhani Vineet , Miglani Sanjay , Desai Akshay Uttam , Keswani Neha
Published: November 2024

Background:

Pain is a significant health problem, and it is estimated that 1 in 5 adults suffers from pain, and even more alarmingly, 1 in 10 adults is diagnosed annually with chronic pain. Pharmacological treatments remain a core element of pain management for acute and chronic conditions, and more so for chronic painful conditions. In India, the major pharmacological options include paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or combination therapies.

Aims and Objectives:

The cross-sectional study aimed to understand the practices for prescribing analgesics in either mono-or combination -therapy in management of chronic painful conditions.

Materials and Methods:

The KAP, was designed for dentists and orthopaedicians. A carefully crafted questionnaire was developed comprising 5 multiple-choice questions with subsets in orthopaedics and 7 multiple-choice questions in dentistry.

Results:

The survey included general dentists and specialists (n = 200) and orthpaedicians (n = 300). Most of the dentists (97.92%) agreed that their choice of analgesics prescribed depended on the severity of dental pain. While choosing NSAIDs as monotherapy, Diclofenac was the choice of drug for 72.4% of the participants. Dentists favoured combination therapies, with more than 50% preferring, either Diclofenac with Paracetamol and Serratiopeptidase. For management of acute low back pain and osteoarthritis most of the orthopaedicians preferred using Etoricoxib. A combination therapy was preferred with muscle relaxant.

Conclusion:

The (KAP) survey provided further insight into the selection of NSAIDs as analgesics in dentistry and orthopedic practices in India. There was a notable inclination toward COX-2 inhibitors.
Successful treatment of deep corneal abscess with serial intrastromal broad-spectrum antibiotic injection: Case report and literature review
Authors: Arias Valentina Cárdenas , Marulanda Jorge Rafael Mendez
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

To report the case of a male with a deep stromal corneal abscess recalcitrant to topical treatment who presented complete resolution after serial intrastromal broad-spectrum antibiotics injections.

Observations:

A 66 years old man with a medical history of type 1- neurofibromatosis presented with a 1 1-month history of painful vision loss in his right eye. Ophthalmological examination showed a deep limbal corneal abscess with hypopyon, with a best corrected visual acuity of hand movements. The abscess was refractory to complete topical treatment. He underwent 4 interventions with intrastromal injections of 1mg/0.1ml vancomycin and ceftazidime with 15-day intervals each one, associated anterior chamber washout. A complete resolution of infection was established due to clinical and paraclinical improvement evidenced in serial anterior chamber tomographies.

Conclusion:

Treatment of bacterial deep corneal abscess is challenging because of the limited treatment options. There is a lack of evidence about standardized doses of intrastromal injection of antibiotics.
On greedy approximation in complex Banach spaces
Authors: Gasnikov Alexander Vladimirovich , Temlyakov Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: November 2024

The general theory of greedy approximation with respect to arbitrary dictionaries is well developed in the case of real Banach spaces. Recently, some of results proved for the Weak Chebyshev Greedy Algorithm (WCGA) in the case of real Banach spaces were extended to the case of complex Banach spaces. In this paper we extend some of the results known in the real case for greedy algorithms other than the WCGA to the case of complex Banach spaces.
Bibliography: 25 titles.
Обратное преобразование рассеяния для фокусирующего уравнения Хироты с асимметричными граничными условиями
Authors: Wang Chunjiang , Zhang Jian
Published: November 2024

Сформулировано обратное преобразование рассеяния для фокусирующего уравнения Хироты с асимметричными граничными условиями, т. е. в случае, когда предельные значения решения имеют разные амплитуды на бесконечности относительно пространственных переменных. Для прямой задачи не используются римановы поверхности, вместо этого анализируются свойства ветвления собственных значений задачи рассеяния. Собственные функции Йоста и коэффициенты рассеяния определяются как однозначные функции на комплексной плоскости, что позволяет получить их аналитические свойства, симметрии и асимптотики, которые полезны для построения соответствующей задачи Римана-Гильберта. Обратная задача на открытом контуре описывается задачей Римана-Гильберта с двойными полюсами. Для сравнения рассмотрена начальная задача с односторонними ненулевыми граничными условиями, сформулировано преобразование рассеяния с использованием римановых поверхностей.
Бета-функция в голографических моделях КХД
Authors: Aref'eva Irina Yaroslavna , Hajilou Ali , Slepov Pavel Sergeevich , Usova Marina K
Published: November 2024

Исследуется зависимость бета-функции от бегущей константы связи в голографических моделях с дилатонным действием Эйнштейна-Максвелла для легких и тяжелых кварков. Дилатон в этих моделях определяет константу связи. Зависимость дилатона от граничных условий приводит к зависимости от них констант связи. Показано, что поведение бета-функции как функции бегущей константы связи существенно не зависит от граничного условия. Для нулевого граничного условия на горизонте соответствующие бета-функции являются отрицательными и монотонно убывающими функциями и имеют скачки при фазовых переходах первого рода как для легких, так и для тяжелых кварков. Проведено сравнение наших голографических результатов для бета-функции как функции бегущей константы связи с результатами теории возмущений, полученными в ходе двухпетлевых вычислений.
О спектре гамильтониана Ландау, возмущенного периодическим гладким электрическим потенциалом
Authors: Danilov Leonid Ivanovich
Published: November 2024

Исследуется спектр гамильтониана Ландау с периодическим электрическим потенциалом. В случае рационального магнитного потока приведены примеры непостоянных периодических электрических потенциалов $V\in C^{\infty }(\mathbb{R}^2;\mathbb{R})$ (с нулевым средним значением), для которых в спектре существует собственное значение на втором уровне Ландау.
A Literature Review on Nutritional and Socioeconomic Determinants of Wasting in Toddlers
Authors: Jaizul W Alim , AS Nurnisaa
Published: November 2024

This study aims to identify and analyze nutritional and socioeconomic factors that influence wasting in children under five through a systematic literature review. Wasting, or low weight for height, is a form of acute malnutrition that is common in children in developing countries and negatively impacts their physical and cognitive development. This study used data sources from various scientific articles published in the last 10 years and included studies related to nutritional factors, such as dietary diversity and micronutrient intake, as well as socioeconomic factors, including maternal education and family income. The review results showed that poor nutritional quality, limited access to health services, poor sanitation conditions, and low food security were the main determinants that increased the risk of wasting. These findings emphasize the need for a holistic approach to addressing wasting, including nutritional interventions, increasing access to health services, and educational programs for parents. This study provides recommendations for more integrated health policies to reduce the prevalence of wasting in children under five and improve their quality of life.
Elderly Perceptions and Barriers in Accessing Digital Health Services: A Case Study in Tanjung Jaya Village, Panimbang District
Authors: Putra S Deva , Okta  Y Setyo Luthfi
Published: November 2024

In the era of rapid digitalization, digital health services such as telemedicine and health applications have become essential tools for improving healthcare access, especially for vulnerable groups like the elderly. However, older adults often face various challenges when attempting to access these services, including issues related to digital literacy, physical limitations, and concerns over data security. This study aims to explore the perceptions of elderly individuals in Tanjung Jaya Village, Panimbang District, towards digital health services and the barriers they encounter. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 elderly participants who had experience with or knowledge of digital health services. The findings reveal that most participants have a neutral perception of digital health services, with some expressing concerns over the complexity of technology and the security of their personal data. The primary barriers identified include low digital literacy, physical limitations, and a lack of trust in digital platforms. Solutions suggested by participants include direct training, assistance from family or medical staff, and the development of elderly-friendly applications. These findings highlight the need for tailored support and more accessible, user-friendly digital health services for older adults to enhance their engagement and improve their health outcomes.
Aerobic Exercise to Overcome Menstrual Pain in Adolescent Girls at Gemayasih Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Nurnisaa AS Nurnisaa , Hadiaty Y Siti
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in reducing menstrual pain among adolescent girls at Gemayasih Islamic Boarding School. Using a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements, 50 adolescent girls aged 14-17 years were divided into two groups: an intervention group performing aerobic exercise (n=28) and a control group performing jogging (n=22). Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (0-10) over three menstrual cycles. Results showed that the aerobic exercise group experienced a more significant reduction in pain intensity (from 3.50 ± 0.600 to 1.20 ± 0.300) compared to the jogging group (from 3.60 ± 0.650 to 2.50 ± 0.600). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.000), with aerobic exercise demonstrating superior effectiveness in pain reduction. The study also found that participants commonly experienced additional symptoms, with emotional instability being the most prevalent (97% in the aerobic group, 90% in the jogging group). These findings suggest that aerobic exercise can serve as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing menstrual pain in adolescent girls within boarding school settings.
Allah Transendental yang Dinamis: Kristus Pembebas dalam Gustavo Gutierrez dan Aloysius Pieris
Authors: Sitorus Gideon Hasiholan , Simarmata Rikky Fransiskus
Published: November 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan menawarkan pemahaman mengenai Allah transendental yang dinamis sebagai alternatif berdasarkan pada pemikiran Gustavo Gutierrez dan Aloysius Pieris. Paradigma terhadap posisi Kristus sebagai inisiator dalam pembebasan dan perjuangan keduanya bersepaham, namun dalam hal praksis keduanya berbeda. Jika Gutierrez menolak intervensi dari entitas transendental (Allah) dengan kesadaran bahwa, Allah telah mengorientasikan hal pembebasan dan perjuangan kepada setiap manusia, sehingga manusia tidak bisa terbebas dari tanggung jawab untuk memperjuangkan pembebasan. Hal kontradiktif justru dikemukan Pieris yang lebih mengutamakan keterlibatan Allah. Dengan penekanan bahwa Allah tetap turut andil dalam setiap pembebasan dan perjuangan yang dilakukan manusia melalui persekutuan dalam Kristus. Kesertaan ini sarat dengan perbuatan yang prososial sehingga pembebasan bagi kaum tertindas, terpinggirkan dan terbelenggu dapat diatasi. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi kepustakaan serta didukung penggunaan lensa materialisme dialektis. Data akan diperoleh melalui pembacaan atas berbagai hasil penelitian, jurnal, dokumen, buku dan informasi lain yang selaras. Artikel ini akan ditutup dengan dialog Gutierrez dan Pieris perihal Allah transendental yang dinamis dalam Yesus Kristus yang menyatu pada realitas kemiskinan itu sendiri. Alhasil, tulisan ini memperlihatkan bahwa baik Gutierrez maupun Pieris menyerukan satu panggillan bagi seluruh manusia untuk mengatasi struktur sosial yang represif bahkan eksploitatif dengan mengutamakan perwujudan dari aksi liberatif Yesus historis dan humanis-Nya di dalam dunia.
Kompleksitas Suara Ester: Negosiasi Subaltern atau Privilese?
Authors: Setiawan Yohanes
Published: November 2024

Kelompok yang terpinggirkan sering kehilangan suara autentik dalam struktur kekuasaan dominan. Isu ini relevan dalam memahami representasi, kekuasaan, dan ketimpangan dalam berbagai konteks sosial, politik, dan budaya. Artikel ini berupaya untuk mengeksplorasi kompleksitas representasi dan identitas tokoh Ester melalui perspektif subaltern dan teologi pembebasan. Secara kritis meneliti pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, “Dapatkan subaltern berbicara?” dengan menganalisis identitas ganda Ester sebagai subaltern dan non-subaltern.  Menggunakan analisis tekstual, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperdalam pemahaman tentang bagaimana narasi tentang Ester menantang gagasan tradisional tentang kekuasaan, agensi, dan representasi. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa suara Ester hanya dapat didengar ketika posisi Ester selaras secara status sosial dengan struktur otoritas yang dominan dalam konteks sosial-politik dalam pemerintahan.
Perjuangan Menuju Keselamatan Kekal: Memahami Kasih Karunia dalam Yesus Kristus Menurut Perspektif Efesus 2:8-10
Authors: Hendrikson Febri
Published: November 2024

Kasih karunia (charis) atau dalam bahasa inggris diterjemahkan “grace”, yang berarti anugerah atau kebaikan yang tidak pantas diterima. Kasih karunia memiliki bentuk-bentuk sederhana, seperti memberikan maaf kepada orang yang melakukan kesalahan atau menawarkan bantuan kepada mereka yang berada dalam kesulitan. Selain itu, kasih karunia merupakan kesempatan yang diperoleh oleh manusia untuk mencapai keselamatan kekal. Pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana perjuangan menuju keselamatan melalui kasih karunia dalam Yesus Kristus menurut perspektif Efesus 2:8-10? Maka, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perjuangan menuju keselamatan melalui kasih karunia dalam Yesus Kristus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif pendekatan hermeneutik, untuk memahami dan menafsirkan makna kasih karunia dalam Yesus Kristus sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam Efesus 2:8-10. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Efesus 2:8-10 menegaskan bahwa perjalanan menuju keselamatan kekal adalah hasil dari kasih karunia Allah yang berdaulat, yang mengubah identitas dan tujuan hidup orang percaya, sehingga dapat menjadi alat untuk memuliakan nama Allah selama di dunia ini.
ANDRAGOGIA: DIVERSIDADE E CULTURA, FATORES DE INCLUSÃO E EXCLUSÃO NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR DO EJA
Authors: Costa Otávio Barduzzi Rodrigues da
Published: November 2024

A Lei de diretrizes e bases da educação – LDB define educação como: “processos formativos que se desenvolvem na vida familiar, na convivência humana, no trabalho, nas instituições de ensino e pesquisa, nos movimentos sociais e organizações da sociedade civil e nas manifestações culturais”. também define educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) como: A educação de jovens e adultos será destinada àqueles que não tiveram acesso ou continuidade de estudos nos ensinos fundamental e médio na idade própria e constituirá instrumento para a educação e a aprendizagem ao longo da vida.  Ou seja, é a educação para aqueles que não tiveram na idade própria. No entanto existem peculiaridades no ensino adulto, através da análise bibliográfica e observações do autor vamos trazer luz para esse tipo de ensino.
O PAPEL DA AVALIAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO EDUCACIONAL DE ENSINO: REFLEXÕES PARA COMPOR UM DIÁLOGO
Authors: Boeno Naiana Ortiz
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo compartilha análises sobre o papel da avaliação no contexto educacional de ensino: reflexões para compor um diálogo. Objetiva compreender o papel da avaliação no contexto educacional de ensino . A avaliação no contexto educacional desempenha um papel crucial no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, pois vai além de medir o desempenho dos estudantes. Ela atua como uma ferramenta diagnóstica, formativa e somativa, contribuindo para identificar necessidades, monitorar progressos e ajustar práticas pedagógicas. Nesse sentido, a avaliação é essencial para garantir que os objetivos educacionais sejam alcançados de forma eficaz e equitativa, promovendo o desenvolvimento integral dos alunos. Com base nesse panorama, a problemática é: qual o papel da avaliação no contexto educacional de ensino como reflexões para compor um diálogo? A metodologia de estudo é qualitativa de análise documental sob abordagem histórico-cultural. Estudo contextualizado à luz de Hoffmann (2011), Fernandes (2021), Wiggins, Grant; McTighe, Jay (2019).
Estimating the Carbon Footprint of Civil Electrical Diesel Generators in Baghdad City
Authors: Abed Alaa , Wahab Basim , Salman Aqeel
Published: November 2024

The research objective is to guess the carbon footprint value generated by civil electrical diesel generators (EDGs) in terms of carbon dioxide. This research evaluates the carbon footprint of electrical diesel generators in Baghdad throughout 2023. In this work, carbon footprint refers to the total CO2 generated by all EDGs. The total carbon footprint (CO2 generated) is 3454235.9 tons/year. The Al-Rusafa side has a larger number of EDGs than the Al-Karkh side. As a result, Al-Rusafa generates more electricity and CO2, producing 2,980.95 GWh/year and emitting 2,086,665.8 tons/year of CO2, compared to Al-Karkh, which generates 1,953.67 GWh/year and emits 1,367,570.1 tons/year of CO2. This is due to the larger population on the Al-Rusafa side compared to the Al-Karkh side. First Al-Sadr City and the Second Al-Sadr City sectors have the highest effective carbon footprint (effective CO2 generated) values, at 12460.19 tons/year km2 and 13214.79 tons/year km2, respectively. While the lowest value for the effective carbon footprint in Al-Dora is 4011.236 tons/year km2.
Determining Petrophysical Properties Using PLTs and Conventional Logs of the Middle Shale Member (4th Pay) of the Zubair Formation in the South Rumaila Oil Field, Southern Iraq
Authors: Hussein Hussein , Al-Saad Harith , Handhal Amna
Published: November 2024

The petrophysical evaluation of the Zubair Formation's Middle Shale member (4th Pay) in the South Rumaila oil field has been conducted to characterize the reservoir and quantify its hydrocarbon prospects. Although the 4th Pay has a substantial oil reserve, it has never been studied. A gamma ray, resistivity, density, and neutron log were used to estimate the shale volume, porosity, water saturation, and hydrocarbon saturation for four oil-bearing subunits in the middle shale member (4th Pay), producing net pays of Middle Shale Member 7 (13 m), 10 (31 m), 20 (11 m) and 25 (16 m), respectively. Shale volume calculated using the Gamma-Ray Log method, averages between 0.05 % and 0.53 %. Effective porosity ranges from (0.08) % to (0.21) %, indicating good reservoir quality; permeability ranges from 0.9 to 193.6 mD, indicating well-sorted sands. Hydrocarbon saturation varies from 0.29 to 0.89, while water saturation ranges from (0.11) to (0.72). Production Log Tool and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance logs were used to estimate permeability. Production Logging Tool log permeability values ranged between 5.2 (Middle Shale Member 10, 3425 mD) and 49.7 (Middle Shale Member 25, 3448.5 mD), while Nuclear Magnetic Resonance log permeability values ranged between 5.81 (Middle Shale Member 10, 3425 mD and 49 (Middle Shale Member 25, 3448.5 mD). According to the correspondence between the two logs, the correspondence value equals 85%. Thus, the reservoir permeability can be calculated using the radial flow equation calculated from the Production Logging Tool log and generalized to areas where there is no core. Results show that permeability (K) is highest in subunits Middle Shale Member 20 and 25, which also have high porosity, low shale content, and fine grain sorting, making them key production subunits. Subunit Middle Shale Member, although lower in permeability, is the main reservoir with the most oil reserves. Subunits Middle Shale Member 5 and 7 have lower permeability due to high shale content and heterogeneity, with low porosity. Subunit Middle Shale Member 0 has very low permeability. The high oil shale content, due to its poor porosity and heterogeneity, renders it unproductive.
Unveiling the Mysteries of Fractured Basement Oil Residues in the Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria
Authors: Bata Timothy , Awadh Salih , Al-Mimar Heba , Yusuf Solomon , Elijah Ezekiel , Lawan Aliyu , Adamu Ibrahim , Yahaya Kuku , Wakili Williams
Published: November 2024

This study offers additional evidence for the occurrence of oil residues within fractures of the basement rocks in the Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria. The data suggests that the observed oil residues were originally generated as light oils, which were later biodegraded into heavy oils. These Upper Benue Trough's oil stains are a valuable tool for hydrocarbon exploration in the region as they indicate the existence of a petroleum system in the basin. We find a strong similarity to the proportions of C27, C28, and C29 regular steranes of oils found in the sandstones and shales of the Bima Formation in the Upper Benue Trough when we plot the relative quantities of these steranes of the investigated basement rock oil types on a ternary graph. This shows a positive correlation between the oils from the Bima Formation and the fractures found in the Precambrian basement rocks. Additionally, the studied basement oils and the oils extracted from the Bima Formation had comparable sterane maturity criteria. Again, trisnorhopane thermal indicators are also identical in the studied oils. The C3222S/(22R+22S) homohopane isomerization ratio and Ts: Tm ratio of the examined basement rock oils are similar to those of the oils extracted from the Bima Formation's shales, suggesting that the Bima Formation's shale is the primary source rock for the examined basement rock oils. Oils have also been reported to develop similarly in the Precambrian basement rocks of the Bongar Basin in the Chad Republic, known as basement-buried hills. As members of the West African rift basins, the Nigerian Upper Benue Trough and the Bongar Basin share genetic ancestry. As a result, we should be looking for exploratory opportunities that mimic the Bongor Basin's basement buried hills, which are currently the location of commercial oil production.
Lithological Mapping of the Neoproterozoic Basement Rocks in the Area East El-Sibai Core Complex (SCC), Central Eastern Desert of Egypt, Based on Remote Sensing Data and Field Observations
Authors: Mohamed Elsayed , Abd Elghany Mostafa , Tolba Abdellah , Hagag Wael , Orabi Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Spectral data are an active tool for mineral exploration, lithological, and structural mapping by spectral classification; due to its accuracy, ease of use, and low cost, especially in inaccessible areas. This study aims to integrate Landsat-8/OLI and ASTER images with extensive field survey and petrographical analysis to discriminate the Neoproterozoic basement rock units in the area east Gabal El-Sibai. In image enhancement techniques, we used the Correlation Coefficient and Optimum Index Factor for choosing the best-colored images to discriminate various rock units based on spectral signature curves. The exposed rock units consist of granitic rocks of variable compositions intruded directly into ophiolitic and island arc associations. The different rock units and structural elements in this study were mapped and discriminated using False Color Composites images (7-6-1 of Landsat-8 and 9-4-3 of ASTER), Minimum Noise Fraction (6-5-1), Principal Component Analysis (4-1-2 for Landsat-8 and 3-1-4 for ASTER), two newly proposed ratios images (3/4, 6/7, 5/6 for Landsat-8 and 4/1, 3/1, 8/9 for ASTER), with the Maximum Likelihood Classification and Support Vector Machine Classification. In conclusion; the overall accuracy and the Kappa coefficient show a good agreement with the Principal Component Analysis and Band Ratio results in the current geological map. Therefore, the suggested methodology shows that optical data have a strong potential for discriminating between lithological units. This approach provides accurate information to geologists, geophysical engineers, and land-use land-cover decision-makers. It can also improve and enhance the accuracy of geological maps in the Nubian Shield in Egypt and other arid environments worldwide.
Caves and Fractured Zones Investigation Using 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging in an Engineering Site, Haqlaniyah, Western Iraq
Authors: Abbas Sameer , Al-Mahemmdi Waleed , Al-Saady Hussein
Published: November 2024

Engineering risks in karstic areas are represented by cavities and voids near the surface, which are considered potential geotechnical hazards (land subsidence and building cracks). These hazards are caused by dissolution processes that occur when carbonate rocks interact with water, forming weak zones. This study used 2D electrical resistivity imaging with a dipole-dipole array. The spacing of 5 m and an n-factor of 6 were applied to investigate four parallel traverses covering an area of 95x45 m. Electrical resistivity imaging data was inverted using RES2DINV software by robust method inversion. The results show relatively high resistivity values interpreted as massive limestone with cavities and relatively low resistivity values interpreted as fractured limestone with clay or moisture content. Because of the consequence of these caves' haphazard existence in the area, the region was characterized by significant heterogeneity levels of resistivity rise until a depth of 15 m. At that point, they begin to decline.
Tracking Shaft Integrity of Jet Grouting Piles Injected in Soft Soil Layers Based on Sonic Integrity Test Method: A Case Study from Erdemli, Mersin Region, South Turkey
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed , Aljuboori Nihad , Al-Jawadi Azealdeen
Published: November 2024

Many studies have focused on using the non-destructive testing (NDT) method to determine defects in piles. This paper presents an analytical approach that compares the obtained profiles with typical profiles to confirm the integrity of jet grouting column piles using the cast-in-situ Sonic Integrity Testing (SIT) method. In this context, grouting piles are being constructed within the scope of the under-foundation in Erdemli/Mersin Province, Turkey. SIT testing was performed on jet grouting piles by performing integrity tests on piles manufactured, which varied in length according to the field geology and the thickness of the soil layer. These pile tests are performed to determine changes that may occur in the pile's cross-section for various reasons. In the present study (in 2024) SIT was carried out on a total of 148 jet grout piles. In the SIT performed on the piles, at least six records were taken for each pile, the records were examined, and the evaluations and results were given graphically. The cross-sectional alterations and fractures that can be found in the pile cross-section as well as the subsurface soil condition are the outcomes of the integrity tests, and they have an immediate impact on carrying capacity. Based on the acquired data and comparisons with reference profiles, the 148 piles that were produced and examined at the site exhibit no discontinuities or flaws and are structurally intact. By utilizing this method, the necessity for costly on-site soil replacement or foundation handling will be avoided or prevented.
Changes in Discontinuities' Role During Failures with Different Slope Orientation: An Example from Chinarock Area, Koya City, Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq
Authors: Mohammad Omar , Tokmachy Aomed
Published: November 2024

Landslides are dangerous, especially in mountainous regions where road construction is prevalent. Identifying rock discontinuity’s role in failure mode provides a sound tool to create stable slopes. This study analyses discontinuities' role in slopes on the road that cuts the southwestern limb of the Khalikan anticline in the Chinarock area, Koya City, Kurdistan Region, Northern Iraq. Three slopes were chosen with different slope directions to illustrate the role of changing slope attitudes on discontinuities and potential failure modes. Data from previous works were consulted, and detailed fieldwork was conducted to measure slope and discontinuity attitudes and classify them into sets. Eventually, kinematic analysis will identify the potential failures and the role of discontinuity. Three types of failures were diagnosed: plane sliding, direct toppling failure and wedge sliding on the Main and Right slopes, while the Left slope shows wedge sliding only. In the Main and Right slopes, the discontinuity set 2 represents Plane sliding and Basal surface, respectively; thus, sets 1 and 3 discontinuities represent Lateral release surface. In contrast, the bedding planes represent Upper-release surfaces on both slopes. Further, the Left slope shows that sets 1 and 2 and sets 2 and 3 discontinuities surfaces represent shared sliding surfaces. The results show how changes in the slope face’s attitude affect the failure mode and how these changes affect the roles of different discontinuities, especially in certain failures. The study emphasizes understanding these relationships to design stable slopes in vulnerable landslide areas.
Laboratory Comparative Evaluation of Fat'ha Formation Clays and Commercial Bentonite for Producing Drilling Mud Fluids Suitable for Oil Field of Iraq Conditions
Authors: Al-Janaby Suhad , Kareem Yaseen , Al-Qaisi Sabbar
Published: November 2024

This research focuses on the properties of the claystone for the Fatha Formation and their suitability to use as raw materials in the manufacturing of Drilling mud. Clay samples from the Fatha Formation were gathered from four sites: clay deposits on both banks of Mosul Governorate, Hamrin Anticline in Salah Addin Governorate, and the Dibbs Clay in Kirkuk Governorate. These samples were processed, crushed, and sieved to a particle size of less than 75 microns to ascertain the characteristics of such clay samples even if they might be utilized as locally available substitutes for making drilling mud in various water conditions. All clay sample properties were measured viscosity, density, pH, and fluid loss. The results showed, that when polymers and chemical activators are added in multi-concentration, This could enhance the rheological properties of the clays. Accordingly, the study found that polymers like carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-LV) could be used as additives to increase viscosity and reduce fluid loss in the drilling fluids. However, The properties of the prepared drilling fluid from the studied Fath Formation clay can be improved by chemical additives as well as polymer.
The Recycling Use of Concrete Waste as Aggregate to Produce Different Types of Concrete
Authors: Abed Mohammed , Al-Hazaa Sawsan , Jomaa’h Muyasser
Published: November 2024

The present study depends on two types of concrete: the first and second samples belong to Portland cement with a high strength of 52.5 R, and ordinary Portland cement with a normal strength of 42.5 N, respectively. The physical tests for these two samples according to Iraqi Standard Specification No. 5 of 2019 were conducted. Whereas the third and fourth samples of concrete waste were taken from Mosul City and Al-Anbar Governorate. The concrete waste samples were broken into different-size particles as a fine and coarse aggregate using a mechanical crusher (Los Angeles). According to the Iraqi Standard Specification No. 45 (1984, the Physical and chemical tests for both fine and coarse natural aggregate and recycled concrete waste were conducted. The physical and mechanical results of the recycled aggregate testing samples were found to be within the limits of specifications, in which a reference concrete was made from the standard cement samples with natural aggregate for comparison. The natural aggregate was replaced with 100% recycled aggregate, and its behavior was studied through mechanical properties tests, including compressive strength, flexural resistance, and direct tensile resistance within 7 and 28 days. The results show a decrease in the compressive, flexural, and direct tensile strength in the subjected samples compared to the reference specimens. The study concluded that a 100% replacement ratio of coarse and fine recycled aggregate can be used successfully with different types of cement to obtain a new type of concrete that can be used in several engineering fields. The mechanical properties of the new concrete depend mainly on the type, class and quality of the natural cement even on the properties of the recycled aggregate.