bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diagnostics in Routine Osteological Assessment of Adult Low Bone Mass Disorders
Authors: Oheim Ralf , Tsourdi Elena , Seefried Lothar , Beller Gisela , Schubach Max , Vettorazzi Eik , Stürznickel Julian , Rolvien Tim , Ehmke Nadja , Delsmann Alena , Genest Franca , Krüger Ulrike , Zemojtel Tomasz , Barvencik Florian , Schinke Thorsten , Jakob Franz , Hofbauer Lorenz C , Mundlos Stefan , Kornak Uwe
Published: March 2022

Context

Many different inherited and acquired conditions can result in premature bone fragility/low bone mass disorders (LBMDs).

Objective

We aimed to elucidate the impact of genetic testing on differential diagnosis of adult LBMDs and at defining clinical criteria for predicting monogenic forms.

Methods

Four clinical centers broadly recruited a cohort of 394 unrelated adult women before menopause and men younger than 55 years with a bone mineral density (BMD) Z-score < -2.0 and/or pathological fractures. After exclusion of secondary causes or unequivocal clinical/biochemical hallmarks of monogenic LBMDs, all participants were genotyped by targeted next-generation sequencing.

Results

In total, 20.8% of the participants carried rare disease-causing variants (DCVs) in genes known to cause osteogenesis imperfecta (COL1A1, COL1A2), hypophosphatasia (ALPL), and early-onset osteoporosis (LRP5, PLS3, and WNT1). In addition, we identified rare DCVs in ENPP1, LMNA, NOTCH2, and ZNF469. Three individuals had autosomal recessive, 75 autosomal dominant, and 4 X-linked disorders. A total of 9.7% of the participants harbored variants of unknown significance. A regression analysis revealed that the likelihood of detecting a DCV correlated with a positive family history of osteoporosis, peripheral fractures (> 2), and a high normal body mass index (BMI). In contrast, mutation frequencies did not correlate with age, prevalent vertebral fractures, BMD, or biochemical parameters. In individuals without monogenic disease-causing rare variants, common variants predisposing for low BMD (eg, in LRP5) were overrepresented.

Conclusion

The overlapping spectra of monogenic adult LBMD can be easily disentangled by genetic testing and the proposed clinical criteria can help to maximize the diagnostic yield.
“The Transgender Craze Seducing Our [Sons]”; or, All the Trans Guys Are Just Dating Each Other
Authors: Adair Cassius , Aizura Aren
Published: March 2022

Recent antitrans discourses have critiqued trans masculinity in particular as a site of social panic and contagion for proto-trans adolescents. In extreme cases, this is framed as a seduction. Turning “seduction” from a social danger to a benefit, this essay theorizes masc4masc t4t erotics as a type of contagious gendering. The authors discuss the coming into identity that takes place via desire for trans people, including a sexual urge toward or attraction to people who look like the person one wants to be. They examine the cultural representations of ftm4ftm erotics, and what it means to think about these relationships now, in the face of their new emergence as cultural threat. The authors make a close reading of 2000s-era erotica and pornography to argue that Daddy/boy and group sex dynamics can be read as gender labor, affective and intersubjective work that produces gender and that in t4t erotics works within a framework of differentiated reciprocity. The article concludes by gesturing toward future possibilities for trans masc 4 trans masc politics and pleasures.
Lysosomal TRPML1 regulates mitochondrial function in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Siow Wei Xiong , Kabiri Yaschar , Tang Rachel , Chao Yu-Kai , Plesch Eva , Eberhagen Carola , Flenkenthaler Florian , Fröhlich Thomas , Bracher Franz , Grimm Christian , Biel Martin , Zischka Hans , Vollmar Angelika M. , Bartel Karin
Published: March 2022

Liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and novel therapeutic strategies are still highly needed. Recently, the endolysosomal cation channel TRPML1 (also known as MCOLN1) has gained focus in cancer research because it represents an interesting novel target. We utilized the recently developed isoform-selective TRPML1 activator ML1-SA1 and the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate tools for overactivation and loss-of-function studies on TRPML1 in HCC. After verification of our tools, we investigated the role of TRPML1 in HCC by studying proliferation, apoptosis and proteomic alterations. Furthermore, we analyzed mitochondrial function in detail by performing confocal and transmission electron microscopy combined with SeahorseTM and Oroboros® functional analysis. We report that TRPML1 overactivation mediated by a novel, isoform-selective small-molecule activator induces apoptosis by impairing mitochondrial function in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Additionally, TRPML1 loss-of-function deregulates mitochondrial renewal, which leads to proliferation impairment. Thus, our study reveals a novel role for TRPML1 as regulator of mitochondrial function and its modulators as promising molecules for novel therapeutic options in HCC therapy.
Sulfonated and Fluorinated Aromatic Terpolymers as Proton Conductive Membranes: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties
Authors: Kumao Ren , Miyatake Kenji
Published: March 2022

We designed and synthesized a series of sulfonated terpolymers, SPP-PQP and SPP-BQP, containing sulfophenylene, quinquephenylene (QP) and perfluoroalkylene (PAF) or hexafluoroisopropylidene (BAF) groups whose compositions were optimized to achieve high-performance proton conductive membranes. In both series, the terpolymers were obtained as high-molecular-weight (Mn = 19.0–32.9 kDa, Mw = 99.9–198 kDa) providing bendable and transparent membranes with supposed ion exchange capacity (IEC) values (2.41–2.68 meq. g−1) by solution casting. SPP-PQP membranes exhibited higher water uptake, higher proton conductivity, and larger strain at break with increasing the PAF composition. In contrast, the membrane properties were less sensitive to the composition in the SPP-BQP membranes. Among the terpolymer membranes investigated, SPP-PQP50 showed the best-balanced properties in terms of low water uptake, high proton conductivity, and high mechanical properties probably because highly hydrophobic aliphatic PAF and more rigid QP groups both contributed to those relevant properties. Overall, the combination of different hydrophobic components in the terpolymers was effective in improving the properties of proton conductive membranes, that could not be achieved with the corresponding copolymer membranes.
The feasibility of an objective measure of the parent-child relationship in health visiting practice: assessment of the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale
Authors: Dunn Abigail , Bird Philippa K , Endacott Charlotte , Bywater Tracey , Howes Joanna , Dickerson Josie
Published: March 2022

Background: Positive parent infant relationships are key to achieving long term child outcomes. Identifying parents who may need support is difficult because of a lack of robust assessment tools. Working in partnership with health services we piloted the Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) in a deprived, multi-ethnic urban community in Bradford, UK. The pilot aimed to assess the clinical utility of MPAS to identify need for support: Was it administered to a representative group of women? Is MPAS valid for this population?

Methods: Data were linked to a cohort study in the pilot area (Born in Bradford’s Better Start - BiBBS). Chi Square tests assessed sample representativeness (age, ethnicity, parity, English language, education, deprivation). Exploratory factor analysis explored MPAS’ validity.

Results: 563 women in BiBBS were eligible, 210 (37%) completed MPAS.  No differences were found between completers and non-completers, suggestive of a representative sample. In total, 336 women completed MPAS in the pilot.  MPAS had ceiling effects and a satisfactory factor structure could not be identified, indicating poor psychometric properties

Conclusions: Health visitors were successful in administering MPAS to a representative sample, but poor psychometric robustness indicates that MPAS is unsuitable for routine use in this setting. A gap for such a measure remains.
Decoración y uso de un soporte mueble magdaleniense del abrigo de Buendía (Cuenca, España).
Authors: García Díez Marcos , Ibero Álvaro , Perales Unai , de la Torre Ignacio
Published: March 2022

Se presenta el estudio integral de un soporte decorado con una forma lineal simple recuperado en el abrigo de Buendía, en un contexto magdaleniense datado en ±18000 cal BP. Se estudia el soporte y la forma decorada recurriendo al análisis microscópico a fin de comprender la cadena operativa, concretada en la captación del soporte en el ámbito cercano, la preparación de la superficie antes de la ejecución gráfica, la realización de una decoración lineal simple y la modificación posterior de la superficie tras el dibujo, lo que plantea la pérdida del valor simbólico original. Considerando las evidencias arqueológicas asociadas a la pieza decorada, se concluye que la acción simbólica se llevó a cabo en un contexto multifuncional. La búsqueda de referentes similares en el arte mueble del sudoeste europeo pone de manifiesto la existencia de motivos similares magdalenienses. La comprensión de las cadenas operativas y
Un elemento singular dentro de la Prehistoria Reciente del noroeste peninsular: los equipos de molienda rupestre.
Authors: Pereira Martínez Xurxo , Méndez Quintas Eduardo , Prieto Martínez M. Pilar
Published: March 2022

Los equipos de molienda rupestres (EMR) son un tipo de artefactos que en ocasiones ha sido identificado como un motivo más dentro del Arte Rupestre Atlántico (ARA), que apenas ha recibido atención en la investigación. A diferencia de los molinos de vaivén tradicionales éstos tienen la particularidad de estar realizados sobre superficies rocosas, lo que les confiere un carácter eminentemente fijo, compartiendo - en ocasiones - soporte con arte rupestre. Los datos actuales disponibles definen un ámbito de distribución geográfica muy específica y localizada en el entorno sur de las Rías Baixas gallegas. El objetivo de este este trabajo es hacer una síntesis actualizada del conocimiento y una primera sistematización de estos artefactos, así como una búsqueda de paralelos arqueológicos y/o etnográficos. Los datos publicados en la actualidad indican la escasez de artefactos de molienda y/o triturado de materiales sobre soportes rocosos fijos en el continente europeo, probablemente por falta de investigación. Ahora bien, existen diversos paralelos en otras regiones del globo, que evidencian la complejidad funcional y cultural de este tipo de elementos.
The prestige-goods model applied to the Iberian Southeast during the Early Iron Age: the Phoenician scarab from Castellar de Librilla.
Authors: Cutillas Victoria Benjamín , Boschloos Vanessa , Baños Serrano José
Published: March 2022

The establishment of Phoenician colonies in the Iberian Southeast from the 8th century BC led to a significant increase in productive and commercial activities with the autochthonous communities. However, prestige goods of high value destined for reduced consumption groups also circulated within these networks. The presence of a scarab found during an archaeological survey in the settlement of Castellar de Librilla (Librilla, Región de Murcia) reveals the inclusion of certain autochthonous elites in these circuits. This paper discusses the context, typological classification and comparative analysis of the scarab to better determine its origin and chronological framework. The incorporation of new archaeometric data through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused on the gold bezel setting in which the scarab is set, has been essential to improving our understanding of this piece of personal adornment. The results of the iconographic and microanalytic study point to the exceptional value of this artefact, which make it possible to recognise the participation and agency of the autochthonous elites of Castellar de Librilla in the commercial systems of Mediterranean prestige goods.
¿Un nuevo santuario iberorromano en la campiña cordobesa? Los exvotos zoomorfos con figuras de équidos de Torreparedones (Baena, Córdoba).
Authors: Morena López José Antonio
Published: March 2022

: En este trabajo se presentan unas piezas recuperadas con motivo de una excavación arqueológica de urgencia realizada en 2020 en la zona de la necrópolis oriental del yacimiento de Torreparedones (Baena, Córdoba). Se trata de 7 placas de piedra que representan figuras de caballos y que se interpretan como exvotos depositados en un posible santuario dedicado a una divinidad protectora de dichos animales. Se fechan en época romana altoimperial. El hallazgo supondría la existencia de un segundo santuario iberorromano extramuros vinculado a la misma ciudad.
Kształtowanie się polskiego języka literackiego
Authors: Dunaj Bogusław
Published: March 2022

FORMATION OF THE POLISH LITERARY LANGUAGE The book is devoted to formation of the Polish literary language. It consists of four parts: I. History of research, II. Theoretical issues, III. Analysis of material and IV. Final conclusions. The origin of the Polish literary language has been analysed by researchers for almost 150 years. In this long period, one can distinguish four stages of research: 1. Prehistory of research (1864-1910); 2. Attempts of scientific justification of the Wielkopolska hypothesis (1910-1941); 3. Period of the most intense discussions and disputes (1947-1961); 4. Declining of discussions and appearing new (after 1961 until today). The second chapter presents theoretical issues which have been analysed in works written so far. They can be captured in the form of the following questions: 1. Which dialect constituted the foundation of the literary language? 2. Did the literary language appear originally in a spoken or written variation? 3. When did the literary language appear? 4. What factors determined the triumph of a given dialectal variant? 5. Could other languages influence the process of formation of the Polish literary language? The third chapter constitutes the basic part of the book. It is devoted to the analysis of the material and includes the detailed discussion of dialectal variants: 1. Created as a result of the phonetic and phonological processes, 2. Dialectal differentiations within the inflection, 3. Regional variants in the word formation, 4. Dialectal differentiations within the lexis.
Project success/failure rates in Turkey
Authors: Bilir Canser , Yafez Elif
Published: March 2022

In this study, the success rate of projects in Turkey is measured, and the significant factors behind the successes and the failures of those projects are ranked. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study widely measuring the success rate of projects in Turkey. The applied methodology is adapted from the Chaos Report by Standish Group. The data for 320 projects with a total budget of approximately $640 million (around 3.6 billion Turkish lira) is collected for the analysis. The results showed that 48% of projects are completed successfully while 45% are eventually completed but either over budget, not on time, or not fully completed. The success rate of the reviewed projects is higher than the rate reported in the Chaos Report. However, the success rate of projects drops to 44% when only technology-driven projects are considered. As the project size increases, the success rate diminishes, as demonstrated in the Chaos Report. The study on the significant factors influencing the success or failure of the projects revealed that the most critical factors are the “requirement definitions”, “requirement planning” and “top management support”.
NASCENTES NATURAIS EM ÁREAS URBANAS: USOS E FUNÇÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS EM BELO HORIZONTE, MG
Authors: Gomes Cecília Siman , Ferreira Luisa Lima Borges , Henriques Renata Jordan , Barros Jordânia De Souza , Carvalho Regina Paula Benedetto de , Magalhães Jr. Antônio Pereira
Published: March 2022

Não é raro que nascentes de cursos d’água sejam incorporadas ao meio urbano, o que pode condicionar as experiências de vida dos habitantes e a distribuição espacial das edificações nas cidades. Também podem ser geradas condições de relevância social para além de questões puramente hidroecológicas, como funções pedagógicas e paisagísticas. O artigo objetiva analisar o quadro de usos e funções socioambientais de nascentes naturais em Belo Horizonte (MG) a partir de oito estudos de caso. Em campo, foram obtidas informações como tipologia, alterações antrópicas nas nascentes e no seu entorno, e relatos de moradores. Os resultados indicam que a água das nascentes possui múltiplos contextos de inserção espacial e usos e/ou funções socioambientais atribuídos, como irrigação de praças, educação ambiental, consumo humano e lazer. O tema abordado é relativamente pouco debatido no meio científico e o artigo pretende contribuir para o conhecimento das formas de incorporação das nascentes na capital mineira. As discussões mostram como as nascentes podem contribuir para a construção de valores paisagísticos, recreativos, educativos ambientais e/ou simbólicos que auxiliem na sua proteção e na melhoria da qualidade de vida nas cidades.
USO DE SENSORES PROXIMAIS NA AVALIAÇÃO DE SEDIMENTOS DE REPRESA DE CAPTAÇÃO DE ÁGUA EM VIÇOSA-MG
Authors: Siqueira Rafael Gomes , Sposito Elaine Caliman , Vieira Athos Alves , Alves Elton Eduardo Novais , Francelino Márcio Rocha , Fernandes Filho Elpídio Inácio
Published: March 2022

O município de Viçosa, como grande parte dos municípios brasileiros, apresenta problemas de abastecimento de água. De modo a avaliar a espessura da camada de deposição de uma das barragens do município, foi utilizado radar de penetração do solo (ground penetrating radar - GPR). Amostras de sedimentos foram analisadas por espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X (XRF), visando determinar a composição química dos sedimentos. Os dados do GPR indicaram a presença de uma camada de três metros de sedimentos na represa, o que corresponde a uma diminuição substancial do volume original. Metais pesados como Mn, Pb, Cr, Cu e Zn apresentaram valores em níveis potencialmente tóxicos. Tais valores foram atribuídos principalmente à contaminação por aplicação de fertilizantes, corretivos e agrotóxicos. Os teores de P, por sua vez, são atribuídos ao lançamento de efluentes de esgoto na rede de drenagem. Portanto, recomenda-se, para a melhora da quantidade e qualidade da água fornecida à população, medidas que envolvam a recuperação de pastagens degradadas, práticas conservacionistas, manejo racional dos fertilizantes aplicados e investimentos no tratamento de esgoto. O desassoreamento também é visto como uma medida à curto prazo para o aumento da capacidade de armazenamento de água das represas.
MAPEAMENTO DOS PEQUENOS RESERVATÓRIOS E ANÁLISE DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS ASSOCIADOS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO GUARIROBA, CAMPO GRANDE - MS
Authors: Capoane Viviane
Published: March 2022

Ao longo da história os reservatórios têm desempenhado um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento econômico. No entanto, as barragens transformam a paisagem e criam riscos de impactos irreversíveis. As pesquisas sobre os impactos ambientais, sociais e econômicos de barragens estão concentradas nos grandes reservatórios, ainda que os pequenos reservatórios prevaleçam na paisagem. Na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Guariroba há um grande reservatório construído para abastecer a cidade de Campo Grande, os pequenos reservatórios ainda não foram mapeados nem seus impactos ambientais analisados. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo mapear os pequenos reservatórios na bacia hidrográfica e analisar os impactos ambientais associados, a fim de gerar informações que subsidiem o planejamento e gerenciamento das atividades antrópicas. O mapeamento foi realizado em ambiente do SIG a partir de imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial disponíveis no “World Imagery” do ArcMap e imagens históricas do Google Earth. Para a validação foram derivados de imagens do satélite Sentinel-2A índices espectrais do período seco (2019) e chuvoso (2020). Foram mapeados 66 pequenos reservatórios criados pela construção de barragens de terra em cursos d’água naturais, localizados, predominantemente, nas cabeceiras de drenagem, e 119 reservatórios em áreas úmidas, principalmente, às ribeirinhas. Alguns dos reservatórios mapeados, não apresentavam água armazenada, tanto no período seco quanto no chuvoso. Nas cabeceiras de drenagem, a maior parte das nascentes estão degradadas, com solo exposto, desbarrancamento da taipa e ausência de vegetação florestal no entorno. Nos reservatórios em áreas úmidas ribeirinhas utilizados para dessedentação animal e piscicultura, muitos também se encontram em processo de degradação ambiental.
ANÁLISE DOS RISCOS OCUPACIONAIS INERENTES A UMA LAVRA GARIMPEIRA SUBTERRÂNEA DE QUARTZO RUTILADO
Authors: Freitas Rebeca Alves Leal de , Bertolino Joselane Ramos Magalhães , Moraes Danilo Souza Dias de , Cunha Patric Patrese Lobo da
Published: March 2022

A mineração sempre foi uma atividade perigosa que oferece riscos inerentes à prática da profissão. Uns dos principais desafios em um ambiente confinado subterrâneo é a estabilização do maciço e manutenção da qualidade da atmosfera, que combinados a fatores de riscos ocupacionais do trabalho como ruídos, umidade, ventilação, calor e poeira mineral, resultam em uma atividade insalubre aos trabalhadores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e classificar os riscos ocupacionais em uma extração de quartzo rutilado, e para tal foram utilizados equipamentos de medições de condições atmosféricas, climáticas e sonoras, além de observações in loco, como forma de mensurar os tipos de riscos existentes a saúde do trabalhador. Os resultados foram analisados a luz de normas brasileiras de segurança, saúde e higiene do trabalho, e conclui-se que o ambiente citado é insalubre aos trabalhadores, pois, oferece péssimas condições de trabalho aos garimpeiros, diminuindo a qualidade de vida e produtividade, aumentando prejuízos e maximizando os riscos de acidentes e doenças do trabalho.
ANÁLISE DO LIMITE TERRITORIAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE VITÓRIA DO JARI - AMAPÁ
Authors: Belém Fabiano Luís , Tavares Laila Carvalho
Published: March 2022

O artigo a seguir propõe uma atualização das informações geográficas presentes na Lei Nº 0171/94 do estado do Amapá que criou e delimitou o município de Vitória do Jari. A proposta de atualização está associada às características hidrográficas da região Sul do Estado do Amapá e foi baseada na Lei Federal N° 311/1938 que dispõe sobre a divisão territorial do país. O memorial descritivo deste município contém características geográficas que fazem referências a corpos hídricos sem informação nominal e com escalas inadequadas. No decorrer deste estudo será evidenciado que existem contradições nas informações territoriais previstas em lei e os limites municipais que estão definidas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) para o ano de 2020. De acordo com os dados cartográficos do IBGE, em 2003 o município de Vitória do Jari possuía dimensão territorial de 2.482.602 km² e em 2020 uma área de 2.508.979 km² (IBGE, 2020). Esta pesquisa evidenciou a identificação de alguns igarapés que não constavam no memorial descritivo dos limites do município na época da emancipação de Vitória do Jari, como por exemplo o Igarapé Arapiranga e o Igarapé das Pacas. Além disto, a proposta de nova poligonal poderá auxiliar no ordenamento territorial do município, contribuindo na atualização das informações geográficas presentes no memorial descritivo da cidade de Vitória do Jari.
ANÁLISE DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS CIDADES DE CALÇOENE E OIAPOQUE PELA BR-156 NO PERÍODO DE 2002 A 2016
Authors: Tostes José Alberto , Pedrada Tiago Idelfonso e Silva
Published: March 2022

A BR-156 no estado do Amapá tem provocado inúmeros debates a respeito da maneira como foram aplicados os recursos públicos nesta rodovia federal. São décadas de investimentos, a cada governo federal ou estadual as ações têm sido fragmentadas sem ter o êxito para concluir a extensão total de aproximadamente 600 quilômetros. O desenvolvimento dos municípios de Calçoene e Oiapoque está diretamente ligado à finalização da rodovia. Tal fato representaria mudanças significativas no núcleo sede de ambas as cidades, criando expectativas de melhorias, de planejamento e do desenvolvimento. O objetivo do artigo é demonstrar como no período entre 2002 e 2016 ocorreram avanços, entraves, paralisações e outros problemas institucionais relacionados ao planejamento concebido e que afetaram o desenvolvimento das cidades de Oiapoque e Calçoene.
VILAS, CIRCULAÇÃO E ESPAÇOS PRODUTIVOS NAS TERRAS DO CABO NORTE
Authors: Santos Emmanuel Raimundo Costa , De Sousa Diego Augusto Sousa
Published: March 2022

Localizada na extremidade setentrional do Brasil Colônia, as Terras do Cabo Norte no decorrer da segunda metade do século XVIII sofreram influência direta da Política Pombalina em seu território. Esta política atuou na implantação de atividades produtivas e na criação de rede de vilas e cidades na região. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar determinadas relações socioespaciais nas terras do Cabo Norte, sobretudo, a caracterização e relação existente entre sua rede de pequenas vilas, atividade produtiva e dinâmica de circulação. No canal norte do Golfão Marajoara, a Vila São José de Macapá exerceu a centralidade na distribuição de mercadorias para as demais vilas e de envio da produção regional para a Cidade de Santa Maria de Belém do Grão Pará. A partir de uma abordagem geográfica sobre a compreensão de importantes obras que tratam desta dinâmica na região supracitada, o seguinte trabalho se baseia em argumentos desenvolvidos em Marin (2005), Ravena (2005), Vidal (2008), Araújo (1998), e Costa (2018).
INTERPRETAÇÕES DO BRASIL E A GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Machado Mônica Sampaio
Published: March 2022

Introdução: Interpretações do Brasil identificam um conjunto temático de estudos e de estudiosos sobre o país como, território, nação e formação e identidade nacional, surgidos ao longo do século XIX. A Geografia em sua trajetória como ciência moderna elaborou importantes interpretações de Brasil. Objetivo: A proposta deste artigo é trazer para o debate os estudos desenvolvidos pela ciência geográfica brasileira sobre o Brasil, com intuito tanto de demonstrar como essa ciência estudou o país, como uma totalidade, quanto de refletir sobre o país a partir de sua ótica. No eixo desse debate, está em questão a capacidade da Geografia em oferecer interpretações do Brasil. Pela sua linhagem governamental, associada historicamente à intervenção e ao planejamento territorial, e sua dedicação sobretudo aos estudos do tempo presente, a Geografia seria capaz de oferecer interpretações do Brasil ou estaria mais estruturada para oferecer descrições e explicações do país ou parte dele? Método: A partir de levantamentos e análises bibliográfica e documental, buscando esboçar uma resposta, iniciamos discutindo a expressão interpretações e as características de um conjunto de trabalhos denominado “Interpretações do Brasil” e “Pensamento social brasileiro”. Na sequência, partindo da contextualização das ideias de Brasil, em primeiro lugar passeamos por temas, debates e pensadores do projeto nacional e, em seguida, por interpretações e interpretes do país. A partir de então, o foco foi direcionado à Geografia brasileira e seus estudos sobre país. Para tanto, apresentamos geógrafos que pensaram o Brasil e suas principais interpretações. Resultados: Foram destacados e discutidos 17 estudiosos da geografia do Brasil, formados antes e depois da constituição do campo científico da Geografia brasileira, com seus respectivos legados e contribuições mais importantes à interpretação do país e à intervenção do seu território. Conclusão: A Geografia elaborou valorosos estudos e interpretações sobre o país tanto de caráter ensaístico quanto descritivo. Após a segunda metade do século XX, em função da expansão dos protocolos científicos, passaram a dominar um sentido descritivo e explicativo nas interpretações do Brasil, observação que também pode ser estendida para outras áreas das ciências humanas.
Nursing research making waves: co-winning the early investigator award 2021
Authors: Austin Rosalynn
Published: March 2022

Rosalynn Austin discusses the inspiration behind the research that led to her becoming the first nurse to win the British Society for Heart Failure's early investigator award, and her vision for cardiovascular nurse research.
Anticipatory grief during COVID-19: a commentary
Authors: Khanipour-Kencha Ali , Jackson Alun C , Bahramnezhad Fatemeh
Published: March 2022

The diagnosis of potentially fatal diseases, such as COVID-19, may cause many critical reactions in dying patients and their relatives. Grief and fear of anticipatory death are natural, especially in the case of COVID-19. Although several studies have been conducted on anticipatory grief (AG) caused by cancer and dementia, the outbreak of COVID-19 could potentially intensify the AG rate among dying patients, their families and healthcare professionals. Therefore, mental health support, palliative and psychiatric care, and similar strategies should be taken into account when planning the treatment process and allocating resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary highlights the importance of addressing anticipatory grief during the COVID-19 pandemic and provides some recommendations for grief management for healthcare professionals.
Graducheck®—a novel device to measure sub-bandage pressures during application of compression
Authors: Hampton Sylvie , Gray Sarah , Harpin Arnold
Published: March 2022

Graduated compression, using bandaging or compression stockings, is the gold-standard treatment for the management of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) and preventing recurrence. However, achieving the required pressures on different parts of the leg is extremely difficult, even for experienced practitioners. Inappropriately applied compression can result in delayed healing and poor compliance. Graducheck® is a pressure sensor system that ensures that the prescribed level of compression is being applied accurately. This study aimed to determine if two experienced tissue viability nurses (TVNs) could achieve accurate pressures using four commonly used bandage systems, as measured using Graducheck sensor strips. Ideal pressures were not achieved, but in two systems, once the application pressure was adjusted according to the sensor level, ideal compression was achieved. In the remaining two systems, ideal pressures could not be produced, even after adjustments to application. Clinically, the Graducheck system could improve the standard of compression therapy, as real-time feedback ensures that corrections can be made. However, further work is required to determine why ideal pressures were not achieved in two of the tested systems.
Waterproof dressing combined with sodium chloride to promote healing in acute wounds: a case report from an Indonesian hospital
Authors: Handayani Estrin , Widiyanto Puguh , Pratidina Erdin Sikap Ginung
Published: March 2022

In this case study, the wound healing process of a patient who had undergone an appendectomy and whose wound was treated with waterproof dressing was analysed, and the coverage of granulation tissue was tracked. This study aimed to re-evaluate the use of waterproof dressing, combined with sodium chloride, on acute wounds in an Indonesian hospital. Data were collected and evaluated through the use of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) observation method. A waterproof dressing and sodium chloride (NaCl) were administered once every 2 days to promote wound healing. After three rounds (14 days) of using waterproof dressing, granulation tissue formed over the surface of the wound base. The end result of healing by primary intention was complete return to function, with minimal scarring and loss of skin appendages. Waterproof dressing was considered to be effective and characterised by the formation of 93.2% granulation tissue; epithelialisation was observed covering between 75–100% of the wound area. No complications occurred during the intervention.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: when pressure is good for diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Lalieu Rutger , Raap René Bol , van Hulst Rob
Published: March 2022

The diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) as a common complication of diabetes. Even with adequate treatment, up to 35% of these ulcers do not heal. This is due to the effect of aging, repeated ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, bacterial colonisation of the wound and chronic hypoxia. All wound-healing processes are highly dependent on oxygen, so hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can be employed to improve wound healing and correct the four pathophysiological factors for chronic wounds. It is, in fact, internationally recognised as a treatment option for non-healing DFUs. Several trials and systematic reviews have been performed on its efficacy, which show a positive trend towards increased wound healing and reduced amputation risk. Some controversy exists due to contradictory results in these studies, which may be due to grouping patients with and without peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) together. Side effects are usually mild and transient, and the treatment is considered safe.
Long delays to admission in emergency departments cause higher mortality: implications for the 4-hour target
Authors: Black Stephen
Published: March 2022

NHS England is planning to abolish the long-standing 4-hour target for waits in emergency departments. The target has been criticised as an arbitrary management target that is unrelated to clinical outcomes, but waits much longer than 4 hours in the emergency department cause a notable increase in mortality for admitted patients, suggesting that the 4-hour target is clinically important and should not be abolished.
Challenges of pre-weaning calf housing
Authors: Sherwin Ginny Elizabeth
Published: March 2022

The role of the environment on calf productivity and disease has been highlighted on numerous occasions within the literature. A discussion around youngstock housing design was previously published by Jamie Robertson (2020) ; this article aims to complement its predecessor, focusing on the two issues commonly found in housed pre-weaned calves in the UK — bovine respiratory disease and suboptimal daily liveweight gains.
How a focus on nonverbal communication can help with difficult conversations
Authors: MacGillivray Fiona
Published: March 2022

Difficult conversations can happen in all aspects of daily life and can certainly take place during the working life of a farm animal veterinary surgeon. Conversations involve both verbal and nonverbal content. This article will examine why conversations can be difficult and provide examples within a veterinary context. It will explore the role that emotions play and the associated nonverbal behaviours exhibited. Finally, it will consider some ways to help manage emotions and highlight how nonverbal communication can be used to better engage with others, thus increasing the chance of positive outcomes for difficult conversations.
Non-diabetic hyperglycaemia: helping to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes
Authors: Stewart Martha
Published: March 2022

Non-diabetic hyperglycaemia is considered to be a stage in the development of type 2 diabetes. Martha Stewart discusses how nurses working in general practice can help to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes

Non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) is the current preferred term for describing glucose dysregulation that is neither diabetes nor normal. NDH is considered to be a stage in the development of type 2 diabetes and so is typically characterised by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance and also the potential burden of long-term cardiovascular complications including eye problems, kidney disease and foot disease. The aims when managing NDH are the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, delay/prevention of type 2 diabetes, monitoring for the development of type 2 diabetes in order to ensure prompt diagnosis and implementation of appropriate therapy for type 2 diabetes. The risk of progression from NDH to type 2 diabetes can be reduced by lifestyle interventions.
UnsaddlingStreptococcus equiinfection of horses
Authors: Waller Andrew
Published: March 2022

Infection with Streptococcus equi, which forms abscesses in the lymph nodes of the head and neck in horses, is endemic in almost all countries around the world. The identification and isolation of horses with fever, an early sign of disease, is critical to minimising the number of horses affected and the severity of an outbreak, while the identification and treatment of persistently infected ‘carrier’ horses can reduce the risk of recurrent outbreaks and transmission between equine populations. Rapid diagnostic testing plays a key role in the identification of infected horses, which can then be isolated before the development of acute disease or treated to clear persistent infection. Vaccination can also be used to reduce the number of horses that become infected and the severity of their ensuing disease. This review describes the tools available to veterinarians and the journey towards the development and launch of a multi-component fusion protein vaccine that does not trigger positive diagnoses with any of the available diagnostic tests for strangles. The use of vaccination, alongside conventional methods of biosecurity and diagnostic testing, has the potential to unsaddle S. equi, reducing the number of strangles outbreaks and enhancing the health of horses.
Breeding with frozen semen: what are the considerations?
Authors: Kelly Gary
Published: March 2022

The use of frozen semen is sometimes the only available option for artificial insemination. Compared to fresh or chilled semen, the use of frozen semen has previously been reported to have lower pregnancy rates, and higher rates of post-breeding inflammation and uterine fluid accumulation. More recent studies have found that pregnancy rates are indeed lower than with fresh semen, but are comparable if not better than chilled semen, with little evidence of increased complications. Several factors can affect conception rates and the practicality of using frozen semen, and these limitations should be explained to the client in advance. This review covers essential requirements applicable to artificial insemination with frozen semen, as well as mare and stallion factors that contribute to the adaptation of appropriate insemination protocol.
The developmental behaviour of foals and its relevance to husbandry. Part 1: the first 3 months
Authors: Nellist Jenni
Published: March 2022

The veterinary team frequently encounters foals as inpatients and during ambulatory duties, and thus play a key role in providing help and education to breeders. Having a good understanding of foal development from birth, weaning and beyond can have a significantly positive impact on the foal's future behaviour and quality of life. Equines behaving in a calm, safe manner is for the enjoyment of equestrian activities and is in the economic interests of those professionally involved. Successful management includes equipping the foal with a robust musculoskeletal system, healthy selective grazing behaviour, encouraging good social skills and safe behaviour around human handlers, all while promoting good quality of life for the young horse. This article is the first of two applying the research on foal behavioural development to good practice in the management and training of foals. This article covers the first 3 months of the foal's life, including socialisation and early handling and management of the foal, the second will cover the evidence surrounding weaning practices.
Simulation and misalignment analysis of the gain ratio of a polarization Mie Raman lidar
Authors: Chen He , Sun Yuting , Wang Lifu , Chen Siying , Guo Pan , Tan Wangshu , Deng Yanbao , Lin Ruiqi , Zhang Yinchao , Jiang Yurong , Bu Zhichao
Published: March 2022

The gain ratio is a critical parameter in a polarization Mie lidar. Calibrating the gain ratio is essential in aerosol classification studies. We developed a ray-tracing-based simulation method to investigate the impact of mounting errors on the gain ratio. In this method, a computational model for each element of the lidar was built, and Zemax was used to simulate the lidar receiver to obtain the optical gain ratio by theoretical calculations. This method can analyze the influence of each element’s mounting errors and offer a theoretical foundation for the machining and mounting accuracy of the lidar design. The correctness of the model was verified by applying it to a single-wavelength polarization Mie Raman lidar.
Onset of non-Gaussian quantum physics in pulsed squeezing with mesoscopic fields
Authors: Yanagimoto Ryotatsu , Ng Edwin , Yamamura Atsushi , Onodera Tatsuhiro , Wright Logan G. , Jankowski Marc , Fejer M. M. , McMahon Peter L. , Mabuchi Hideo
Published: March 2022

We study the emergence of non-Gaussian quantum features in pulsed squeezed light generation with a mesoscopic number (i.e., dozens to hundreds) of pump photons. Due to the strong optical nonlinearities necessarily involved in this regime, squeezing occurs alongside significant pump depletion, compromising the predictions made by conventional semiclassical models for squeezing. Furthermore, nonlinear interactions among multiple frequency modes render the system dynamics exponentially intractable in naïve quantum models, requiring a more sophisticated modeling framework. To this end, we construct a nonlinear Gaussian approximation to the squeezing dynamics, defining a “Gaussian interaction frame” in which non-Gaussian quantum dynamics can be isolated and concisely described using a few dominant (i.e., principal) supermodes. Numerical simulations of our model reveal non-Gaussian distortions of squeezing in the mesoscopic regime, largely associated with signal-pump entanglement. We argue that state of the art in nonlinear nanophotonics is quickly approaching this regime, providing an all-optical platform for experimental studies of the semiclassical-to-quantum transition in a rich paradigm of coherent, multimode nonlinear dynamics. Mesoscopic pulsed squeezing, thus, provides an intriguing case study of the rapid rise in dynamic complexity associated with semiclassical-to-quantum crossover, which we view as a correlate of the emergence of new information processing capacities in the quantum regime.
Box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins regulate mitochondrial surveillance and innate immunity
Authors: Tjahjono Elissa , Revtovich Alexey V. , Kirienko Natalia V.
Published: March 2022

Monitoring mitochondrial function is crucial for organismal survival. This task is performed by mitochondrial surveillance or quality control pathways, which are activated by signals originating from mitochondria and relayed to the nucleus (retrograde response) to start transcription of protective genes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, several systems are known to play this role, including the UPRmt, MAPKmt, and the ESRE pathways. These pathways are highly conserved and their loss compromises survival following mitochondrial stress. In this study, we found a novel interaction between the box C/D snoRNA core proteins (snoRNPs) and mitochondrial surveillance and innate immune pathways. We showed that box C/D, but not box H/ACA, snoRNPs are required for the full function of UPRmt and ESRE upon stress. The loss of box C/D snoRNPs reduced mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxygen consumption rate, indicating overall degradation of mitochondrial function. Concomitantly, the loss of C/D snoRNPs increased immune response and reduced host intestinal colonization by infectious bacteria, improving host resistance to pathogenesis. Our data may indicate a model wherein box C/D snoRNP machinery regulates a “switch” of the cell’s activity between mitochondrial surveillance and innate immune activation. Understanding this mechanism is likely to be important for understanding multifactorial processes, including responses to infection and aging.
Community perceptions and acceptability of mass drug administration for the control of neglected tropical diseases in Asia-Pacific countries: A systematic scoping review of qualitative research
Authors: Mitchell Elke , Kelly-Hanku Angela , Krentel Alison , Romani Lucia , Robinson Leanne J. , Vaz Nery Susana , Kaldor John , Steer Andrew C. , Bell Stephen
Published: March 2022

Background

Preventative chemotherapy and mass drug administration have been identified as effective strategies for the prevention, treatment, control and elimination of several NTDs in the Asia-Pacific region. Qualitative research can provide in-depth insight into the social dynamics and processes underlying effective implementation of and adherence to mass drug administration programs. This scoping review examines published qualitative literature to examine factors influencing community perceptions and acceptability of mass drug administration approaches to control NTDs in the Asia-Pacific region.

Methodology

Twenty-four peer reviewed published papers reporting qualitative data from community members and stakeholders engaged in the implementation of mass drug administration programs were identified as eligible for inclusion.

Findings

This systematic scoping review presents available data from studies focussing on lymphatic filariasis, soil-transmitted helminths and scabies in eight national settings (India, Indonesia, Philippines, Bangladesh, Laos, American Samoa, Papua New Guinea, Fiji). The review highlights the profoundly social nature of individual, interpersonal and institutional influences on community perceptions of willingness to participate in mass drug administration programs for control of neglected tropical diseases (NTD). Future NTD research and control efforts would benefit from a stronger qualitative social science lens to mass drug administration implementation, a commitment to understanding and addressing the social and structural determinants of NTDs and NTD control in complex settings, and efforts to engage local communities as equal partners and experts in the co-design of mass drug administration and other efforts to prevent, treat, control and eliminate NTDs.

Conclusion

For many countries in the Asia-Pacific region, the “low hanging fruit has been picked” in terms of where mass drug administration has worked and transmission has been stopped. The settings that remain–such as remote areas of Fiji and Papua New Guinea, or large, highly populated, multi-cultural urban settings in India and Indonesia–present huge challenges going forward.