bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transradial Artery Access Complications
Authors: Sandoval Yader , Bell Malcolm R. , Gulati Rajiv
Published: November 2019

Transradial access (TRA) is favored over transfemoral access for performing coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention due to the reduced risk for vascular and bleeding complications and the documented survival benefit in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention. TRA complications can be categorized as intra- or postprocedural and further categorized as related to bleeding or nonbleeding issues. Major intra- and postprocedural complications such as radial artery perforation and compartment syndrome are rare following TRA. Their occurrence, however, can be associated with morbid consequences, including requirement for surgical intervention if not identified and treated promptly. Nonbleeding complications such as radial artery spasm and radial artery occlusion are typically less morbid but occur much more frequently. Strategies to prevent TRA complications are essential and include the use of contemporary access techniques that limit arterial injury. This document summarizes contemporary techniques to prevent, identify, and manage TRA complications.
Impact of Specific Crossing Techniques in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Recovery of Absolute Myocardial Perfusion
Authors: Schumacher Stefan P. , Stuijfzand Wijnand J. , Driessen Roel S. , van Diemen Pepijn A. , Bom Michiel J. , Everaars Henk , Kockx Marly , Raijmakers Pieter G. , Boellaard Ronald , van de Ven Peter M. , van Rossum Albert C. , Opolski Maksymilian P. , Nap Alexander , Knaapen Paul
Published: November 2019

Background:

Multiple crossing techniques in chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention have been developed. This study compared recovery of quantitative myocardial blood flow (MBF) after different CTO percutaneous coronary intervention techniques.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with [
15
O]H
2
O positron emission tomography perfusion imaging before and 3 months after successful CTO percutaneous coronary intervention between 2013 and 2018 were included. Changes in hyperemic MBF, coronary flow reserve, and perfusion defect size were compared between antegrade wire escalation, retrograde wire escalation, antegrade dissection and reentry (ADR), and retrograde dissection and reentry.

Results:

One hundred ninety-three patients were treated with antegrade wire escalation (N=90), retrograde wire escalation (N=24), ADR (N=35), and retrograde dissection and reentry (N=44). Increase in hyperemic MBF (1.19±0.77, 0.94±0.65, 1.09±0.63, and 1.02±0.75 mL·min
-1
·g
-1
, respectively;
P
=0.40) and coronary flow reserve (1.34±1.08, 1.14±1.09, 1.31±0.96, and 1.24±0.99, respectively;
P
=0.84) and decrease in defect size (3.2±2.1, 3.0±2.2, 2.7±2.1, and 2.9±1.9 segments, respectively;
P
=0.77) were comparable between the 4 approaches. In addition, recovery of hyperemic MBF was less pronounced after subintimal crossing with knuckle-wire-technique compared with CrossBoss in controlled ADR and retrograde dissection and reentry (0.93±0.69 versus 1.54±0.65 mL·min
-1
·g
-1
,
P
=0.02), and less after reentry using subintimal tracking and reentry in ADR compared with controlled ADR (Stingray) or limited antegrade subintimal tracking (0.60±0.53 versus 1.18±0.54 [
P
=0.04] and versus 1.49±0.57 mL·min
-1
·g
-1
, [
P
<0.01]).

Conclusions:

Recovery of hyperemic MBF, coronary flow reserve, and perfusion defect size after CTO percutaneous coronary intervention was comparable between different approaches. Although sometimes necessary to cross a complex CTO lesion, subintimal knuckle wiring and subintimal tracking and reentry resulted in less hyperemic MBF improvement compared with other subintimal crossing and reentry techniques.
Reluctant males: why blue monkey males reject female sexual advances
Authors: Schembari Sofia , Cords Marina
Published: November 2019

Classical sexual selection theory predicts that males should mate eagerly, yet blue monkey males often reject females’ sexual invitations. We evaluated how males’ responses to female solicitations related to female characteristics, number of males and conceptive females present, and the male’s recent copulations. Using 12 years of data from a wild population, we found that males accepted only 20% of female solicitations. Odds of acceptance (copulation) increased for conceptive females, for females with whom the male copulated recently, and when fewer males were present. Odds of accepting nulliparous females decreased when more conceptive females were available, consistent with market models. Male responses did not relate to female rank or matings with other females the same day. When males responded negatively, nulliparous females were especially likely to receive aggression vs. mere refusal. Overall, males’ decisions to mate with willing females depended both on female characteristics, especially fertility, and on social context.
Hobbes’s Practical Politics: Political, Sociological and Economistic Ways of Avoiding a State of Nature
Authors: Blau Adrian
Published: November 2019

This paper offers a systematic analysis of Hobbes’s practical political thought. Hobbes’s abstract philosophy is rightly celebrated, but he also gave much practical advice on how to avoid disorder. Yet he is typically interpreted too narrowly in this respect, especially by those who only read him economistically. Other scholars supplement this economistic focus with sociological or political interpretations, but to my knowledge, no one stresses all three aspects of his thought. This paper thus examines each of Hobbes’s practical proposals for avoiding corruption and a state of nature. Hobbes clearly uses economistic, sociological and political approaches, which involve shaping incentives, desires/preferences, and opportunities, respectively. This intentionally anachronistic framework helps us see further, highlighting Hobbes’s rich and wide-ranging practical proposals for avoiding disorder – a crucial part of his theory.
Children Younger Than 18 Years Treated for Nonfatal Burns in US Emergency Departments
Authors: Mitchell Meghan , Kistamgari Sandhya , Chounthirath Thitphalak , McKenzie Lara B. , Smith Gary A.
Published: November 2019

This study investigated children <18 years old treated for burns in United States (US) emergency departments from 1990 to 2014 using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. There were 2 548 971 children treated for burns during the study period, averaging 101 959 annually. The number and rate of burns decreased by 30.0% and 38.9%, respectively, (both P < .001) during the study. Most patients (58.4%) were boys, 64.0% were <6 years old, and 7.4% were admitted to the hospital. Thermal burns accounted for 60.2% of injuries. The hand/fingers were most commonly injured (37.1%), followed by head/neck (19.6%). The most common specified mechanism of injury was grabbing/touching (18.4%), followed by spilling/splashing (16.4%). Although the number of children treated for burns has decreased, it remains an important source of pediatric injury, demonstrating the need to increase prevention efforts, especially among young children. This is the first study to use a nationally representative sample to investigate burn mechanisms.
The Co-optation of Dissent in Hybrid States: Post-Soviet Graffiti in Moscow
Authors: Lerner Alexis M.
Published: November 2019

Hybrid leaders seek job security. To stay in power, it may be intuitive that they respond to dissent with a heavy hand. However, these leaders are subject to accountability and concerned with legitimacy and therefore must consider the optics of their decisions. By co-opting a previously independent avenue of communication and its leadership, the state eliminates challengers, curates its public image through trusted social leaders, and reinforces control without resorting to repressive methods that may backfire. Based on a decade of fieldwork, data collection, and expert interviews, I evidence the co-optation of dissent via thematic, spatial, and material shifts in political public art, crafted between the 2012 and 2018 Russian presidential elections. As it consolidated power during this time, the Putin administration co-opted critical graffiti artists and flooded out those unwilling to cooperate, replacing subversive and anonymous anti-regime graffiti with Kremlin-curated murals, particularly in the city center.
Avoidance of contradictions in derivation and in usage of the Maxwell stress tensor in electrical engineering lectures
Authors: Schleicher A , Werner R
Published: November 2019

The Maxwell stress tensor has a great significance, for example for the calculation of forces in electromagnetic energy converters, and thus is standard content of advanced lectures during electrical engineering study. However, the derivation and understanding of it is difficult and there is standard literature that is not consistent and thus increases the difficulties. In order to gain a consistent and vivid derivation of the stress tensor for use in electrical engineering lectures, two common variants are analysed from a didactic as well as scientific point of view. It is shown that one variant is consistent whereas the other one can lead to contradictions in case of materials with permeability gradients and thus is not recommended for lectures. Moreover, the resulting tensors of both variants yield different force distributions. For the consistent variant, methods for clarifying the respective force distribution for use in lectures are derived. Finally, a brief consideration on the experimental provability of the results is carried out.
Multiscale analysis of interlaminar stresses near a free-edge in a [±45/0/90]s laminate
Authors: Ballard M Keith , Whitcomb John D
Published: November 2019

A multiscale model for a [±45/0/90]s tape laminate under uniaxial extension was used to investigate the effect of modeling the heterogeneous microstructure near a free-edge. A random fiber arrangement was used for the 0° and 90° plies and homogenized properties for the 45° and −45° plies. The predicted interlaminar normal stress was compared to the prediction using a classical homogeneous model. When fibers and matrix were modeled discretely, the local stress state was shown to be sensitive to the proximity of fibers, which caused a complex stress distribution along the 0–90 ply interface. Next, the effect of reducing the size of region modeled at the microscale was investigated, since this would significantly reduce the computational effort. Reducing the region modeled at the microscale in the direction normal to the 0–90 ply interface to a size that was 25% and 10% of the ply thickness only changed the peak stresses by 3% and 8%, respectively. Reducing the microscale region in the direction normal to the free-edge to be one and two ply thicknesses in size did not have a significant effect on the predicted interlaminar normal stress at points within 75% of a ply thickness of the free-edge.
Direct numerical simulation of infusion and flow-front tracking in materials with heterogeneous permeability using a pressure mapping sensor
Authors: Levy Arthur , Kratz James
Published: November 2019

This paper explores the use of thin film piezoresistive pressure mapping sensors as a means to improve resin transfer moulding processes. The pressure mapping sensor was located between the preform and mould, giving information regarding the permeability map prior to infusion. The permeability map is used as an input to a direct numerical simulation of the infusion step of a highly variable reclaimed carbon fibre preform. The pressure sensor was also used to track the flow front position in-situ, due to a change in load sharing between the preform and liquid during the infusion experiment. Flow front tracking with the pressure mapping sensor was validated against conventional camera images taken through a transparent mould. The direct numerical simulation was able to account for local permeability variation in the preform, providing improved flow-front prediction than homogeneous permeability only, and could be part of a wider strategy to improve resin transfer moulding process robustness.
Influence of humidity on the dielectric behaviour of BaTiO3–epoxy composites
Authors: Gonzalez Aguilar C , Reboredo M , Castro M
Published: November 2019

Epoxy resin and their particulate composites are widely used in different industries, as aeronautical, automotive, microelectronics and coatings. The water absorption can deteriorate the properties on these materials when they are used in service. Many factors influence in water absorption process, as the quantity of hydroxyls groups, the glass transition temperature of the resin or the presence of a dispersed second phase. Thus, the objective of this work is to determine the dielectric behavior of BaTiO3–epoxy composites in different humid environments (controlled moisture of 80, 50 and 30%) and at room temperature. Results of pure resin samples show that dielectric permittivity increases with the percentage of absorbed water and that this increase is greater for the samples exposed to more humid environments. Interestingly, the addition of ceramic particles not only increases the composite dielectric properties but also reduces the water absorption in all the cases.
Wheel running behaviour in group-housed female mice indicates disturbed wellbeing due to DSS colitis
Authors: Weegh Nora , Füner Jonas , Janke Oliver , Winter York , Jung Christian , Struve Birgitta , Wassermann Laura , Lewejohann Lars , Bleich André , Häger Christine
Published: November 2019

Voluntary wheel running (VWR) behaviour is a sensitive indicator of disturbed wellbeing and used for the assessment of individual experimental severity levels in laboratory mice. However, monitoring individual VWR performance usually requires single housing, which itself might have a negative effect on wellbeing. In consideration of the 3Rs principle, VWR behaviour was evaluated under group-housing conditions. To test the applicability for severity assessment, this readout was evaluated in a dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced colitis model. For continuous monitoring, an automated system with integrated radio-frequency identification technology was used, enabling detection of individual VWR. After a 14-day adaptation period mice demonstrated a stable running performance. Analysis during DSS treatment in combination with repeated facial vein phlebotomy and faecal sampling procedure resulted in significantly reduced VWR behaviour during the course of colitis and increased VWR during disease recovery. Mice submitted to phlebotomy and faecal sampling but no DSS treatment showed less reduced VWR but a longer-lasting recovery. Application of a cluster model discriminating individual severity levels based on VWR and body weight data revealed the highest severity level in most of the DSS-treated mice on day 7, but a considerable number of control mice also showed elevated severity levels due to sampling procedures alone. In summary, VWR sensitively indicated the course of DSS colitis severity and the impact of sample collection. Therefore, monitoring of VWR is a suitable method for the detection of disturbed wellbeing due to DSS colitis and sampling procedure in group-housed female laboratory mice.
Experimental investigation on the seismic behavior of concrete beams with prestressing carbon fiber reinforced polymer tendons
Authors: Wang Zuohu , Gao Zhanguang , Yao Yuan , Liao Weizhang
Published: November 2019

Seven prestressed concrete beams and one normal concrete beam were tested to study the seismic performance of concrete beams with prestressing carbon fiber reinforced polymer tendons. The failure modes, hysteretic curves, ductility, stiffness degeneration, and energy dissipation capacity were studied systematically. This study shows that the partial prestressing ratio is the main factor that affects the seismic performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer prestressed concrete beams. The beam is more resilient to seismic loads as the partial prestressing ratio decreases. Under the same partial prestressing ratio value, the energy dissipation capacity of prestressed concrete beams with unbonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer tendons was better than that of prestressed beams with bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer tendons. When combining both bonded and unbonded prestressing carbon fiber reinforced polymer tendons, the ductility index of concrete beams was improved. Compared with that of fully unbonded and fully bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer prestressed concrete beams, the ductility index of concrete beams with combined bonded and unbonded prestressing tendons increased by 26% and 12%, respectively.
Repositioning White Monolingual English-Speaking Teachers’ Conceptions of Language: Counterstories and Embodied Learning
Authors: Pennington Julie L. , Brock Cynthia H. , Salas Rachel G. , Gavelek James R.
Published: November 2019

Countries are seeing a rise in the number of families and schoolchildren who do not speak English as a first language. This study focuses on how two White monolingual English-speaking elementary teachers positioned language as it related to their Spanish-speaking students within a graduate teacher education program in the United States. Our work builds on previous cultural immersion studies by using embodied cognition and Latino Critical Theory (LatCrit) as analytical tools. Findings indicate that embodied experiences can increase teachers’ awareness of how speakers of English and Spanish are positioned by the dominant culture while LatCrit theory can illuminate future steps.
University Teachers and Resistance in the Neoliberal University
Authors: Ross Stephanie , Savage Larry , Watson James
Published: November 2019

This study of Canadian university teacher militancy explores the dynamics and strategies of resistance in the neoliberal university. While responses to the neoliberal reorientation of higher education are complex, uneven, and sometimes contradictory, the authors demonstrate how neoliberalization has fostered greater conflict, more militancy, more strikes, and greater politicization of unions representing university teachers. The authors argue that these expressions of university teacher militancy are primarily driven by external pressures rather than internal forces and are further complicated by divisions between workers within the context of established university hierarchies.
Obesity is associated with worse long-term outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Yang Jiaqi , Wang Liangshan , Sun Tienan , Guo Qianyun , Liu Fang , Zhou Yujie
Published: November 2019

Background:

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with poor prognosis. In our previous study, it has been reported that patients with acute myocardial infarction and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy exhibited worse long-term outcomes than those with acute myocardial infarction without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without acute myocardial infarction. In this article, we aimed to assess the impact of body mass index on the long-term outcomes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods:

Seventy-eight consecutive patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and acute myocardial infarction were included. Obesity was defined as body mass index ⩾28 kg/m2 adapted to Chinese. The long-term endpoints were major adverse cardiac events and secondary endpoints, which included re-hospitalization, recurrent angina, thrombosis, bleeding, heart failure, and arrhythmias.

Results:

There were no differences in observed in-hospital mortality or 5-year mortality between the two groups of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and acute myocardial infarction patients divided by body mass index. However, significantly increased incidence of re-percutaneous coronary intervention and stroke was observed in the obese group (re-percutaneous coronary intervention: 0.0% vs. 21.4%, p = 0.007; stroke: 5.6% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.042). The 5-year outcomes of major adverse cardiac events were inferior in the obese group (log-rank p = 0.020).

Conclusion:

Acute myocardial infarction and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients who were obese exhibited worse long-term outcomes than those without obesity.
Does tumescent liposuction damage the lymph vessels in lipoedema patients?
Authors: van de Pas Chantalle B , Boonen Robert SM , Stevens Shaula , Willemsen Sten , Valkema Roelf , Neumann Martino
Published: November 2019

Background

Lymphatic insufficiency might play a significant role in the pathophysiology of lipoedema. Liposuction is up to now the best treatment. As liposuction is invasive, the technique could destruct parts of the lymphatic system and by this aggravate the lymphatic component and/or induce lymphoedema. We investigated the function of the lymphatic system in lipoedema patients before and after tumescent liposuction and thus whether tumescent liposuction can be regarded as a safe treatment.

Methods

Lymphoscintigraphy was performed to quantify the lymph outflow of 117 lipoedema patients. Mean clearance percentages of radioactive protein loaded after 1 min with respect to the total injected dose and corrected for decay of the radiopharmaceutical in the subcutaneous lymphatics were used as functional quantitative parameters as well as the clearance percentages and inguinal uptake 2 h post injection. The results of lymphatic function in lipoedema patients were compared with values obtained from normal healthy volunteers. We also compared 50 lymphoscintigraphies out of the previous 117 lipoedema patients before and six months after tumescent liposuction.

Results

In 117 lipoedema patients clearance 2 h post injection in the right and left foot was disturbed in 79.5 and 87.2% respectively. The inguinal uptake 2 h post injection in the right and left groin was disturbed in 60.3 and 64.7% respectively. In 50 lipoedema patients mean clearance and inguinal uptake after tumescent liposuction were slightly improved, 0.01 (p = 0.37) versus 0.02 (p = 0.02), respectively. This is statistically not relevant in clearance.

Conclusion

Lipoedema legs have a delayed lymph transport. Tumescent liposuction does not diminish the lymphatic function in lipoedema patients, thus tumescent liposuction can be regarded as a safe treatment.
Self-Reported Offending in the United States and Malaysia: Does East Meet West?
Authors: Hartley Richard D. , Ellis Lee , Hoskin Anthony
Published: November 2019

To date, international comparisons of self-reported crime have been mostly limited to Western countries. The current study explores offending for large samples of university students in Malaysia ( N = 2,058) and the United States ( N = 2,511), and utilizes measures of social bond theory to test its predictive utility cross-nationally. The descriptive results reveal that for both males and females, offending rates were substantially higher in the United States, often 3 to 4 times higher. Rare events logistic regression results reveal not only some support for our measures of the social bond constructs in both countries but also that there are significant cross-country differences in the correlates of offending. Partitioned regression models suggest these differences vary considerably by type of crime, and that some of the significant correlates of offending are similar cross-nationally but that unique predictors emerge by country dependent on the offense in question. Offending in the U.S. sample appears to be more closely linked to breakdowns in family structure (parental divorce, single parenthood), whereas for the Malaysian sample, parental income and respondent’s education level seem to be more closely linked to offending. The current study provides one of just a few comparative studies between a Western country and an Asian country based on self-reported data. Such data can provide a useful cross-check of international comparisons based on official data. Methodologically, implications are that the self-report survey method continues to be a fruitful avenue for exploration of cross-national offending.
Bibliography of Australian and New Zealand contributions to the Proceedings of the first nine International Symposia on the History of Anaesthesia (ISHA)
Authors: Cooper Michael G
Published: November 2019

This bibliography records the 88 papers published by Australian and New Zealand authors in the Proceedings of the first nine International Symposia on the History of Anaesthesia (ISHA).

Each ISHA has produced a published Proceedings of each symposium and these form an extremely valuable medical history research resource of over 850 papers. These have been published by a variety of anaesthesia societies, medical publishers and other bodies from around the world. Nearly all of these Proceedings had one small print run and most are now out of print and often unavailable.

There is a definite need for all ISHA Proceedings to date to be available at one online site for ease of access for future historians studying the history of anaesthesia, intensive care, pain medicine, resuscitation and related fields. Scanning of early Proceedings with appropriate publisher, author and editorial approval would facilitate this.
Dr Ian Hamilton McDonald, MBBS, DA, FANZCA: The evolution of paediatric anaesthesia and intensive care at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne
Authors: Keys Adam
Published: November 2019

Dr Ian Hamilton McDonald (1923–2019) was a pioneer of paediatric anaesthesia and intensive care at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne. He first started working at the hospital in the 1940s, later doing further training from 1953–1955 at the Nuffield Department of Anaesthesia in Oxford under Sir Robert Macintosh. McDonald returned to Melbourne as assistant director supporting Dr Margaret (Gretta) McClelland as the director of anaesthesia, together pioneering the development of a major paediatric anaesthesia department. McDonald, along with Dr John Stocks (1930–1974), was intimately involved in pioneering prolonged nasotracheal intubation in children, following on from earlier work by Dr Bernard Brandstater (an Australian working in Beirut), and Drs Tom Allen and Ian Steven in Adelaide. Ian McDonald was an influential, highly respected and greatly loved paediatric anaesthetist who had a profound influence on the early days of paediatric anaesthesia in Australia.
Structural connectivity alterations in chronic and episodic migraine: A diffusion magnetic resonance imaging connectomics study
Authors: Planchuelo-Gómez Álvaro , García-Azorín David , Guerrero Ángel L , Aja-Fernández Santiago , Rodríguez Margarita , de Luis-García Rodrigo
Published: November 2019

Objective

To identify possible structural connectivity alterations in patients with episodic and chronic migraine using magnetic resonance imaging data.

Methods

Fifty-four episodic migraine, 56 chronic migraine patients and 50 controls underwent T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions. Number of streamlines (trajectories of estimated fiber-tracts), mean fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity were the connectome measures. Correlation analysis between connectome measures and duration and frequency of migraine was performed.

Results

Higher and lower number of streamlines were found in connections involving regions like the superior frontal gyrus when comparing episodic and chronic migraineurs with controls ( p < .05 false discovery rate). Between the left caudal anterior cingulate and right superior frontal gyri, more streamlines were found in chronic compared to episodic migraine. Higher and lower fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity were found between migraine groups and controls in connections involving regions like the hippocampus. Lower radial diffusivity and axial diffusivity were found in chronic compared to episodic migraine in connections involving regions like the putamen. In chronic migraine, duration of migraine was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity.

Conclusions

Structural strengthening of connections involving subcortical regions associated with pain processing and weakening in connections involving cortical regions associated with hyperexcitability may coexist in migraine.
Investigation and modelling of greenhouse gas emissions resulting from waste collection and transport activities
Authors: Yaman Cevat , Anil Ismail , Jaunich Megan K , Blaisi Nawaf I , Alagha Omar , Yaman Ayse B , Gunday Seyda T
Published: November 2019

Greenhouse gas emissions resulting from municipal solid waste management activities and the associated climate change impacts are getting great attention worldwide. This study investigates greenhouse gas emissions and their distribution during waste collection and transport activities in the Dammam region of Saudi Arabia. Greenhouse gas emissions and associated global warming factors were estimated based on diesel fuel consumption during waste collection and transport activities. Then, waste collection and transport data were used to parameterise a mechanistic collection model that can be used to estimate and predict future fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. For the collection and transport of municipal waste in the study area, the average associated total greenhouse gas emissions were about 24,935 tCO2-eq. Global warming factors for three provinces were estimated as 25.23 kg CO2-eq t-1, 25.04 kg CO2-eq t-1, and 37.15 kg CO2-eq t-1, respectively. Lastly, the American Meteorological Society/Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD) modelling system was used to estimate the atmospheric dispersion of greenhouse gas emissions. Model results revealed that the maximum daily greenhouse gas concentrations ranged between 0.174 and 97.3 mg m-3, while annual average greenhouse gas concentrations were found to be between 0.012 and 27.7 mg m-3 within the study domain. The highest greenhouse gas concentrations were observed for the regions involving the municipal solid waste collection routes owing to their higher source emission rates.
Adverse Hemodynamic Events Associated With Concomitant Dexmedetomidine and Propofol for Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated ICU Patients
Authors: Buckley Mitchell S. , Agarwal Sumit K. , MacLaren Robert , Kane-Gill Sandra L.
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

Nonbenzodiazepines are preferred for continuous sedation in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Although dexmedetomidine and propofol have blood pressure lowering properties, limited data exist about the hemodynamic effects of concomitant administration. The purpose of this study was to compare the adverse hemodynamic event rate with concomitant dexmedetomidine and propofol compared to either agent alone in mechanically ventilated ICU patients.

Methods:

This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a university medical center. Adult ICU patients (≥18 years) admitted between October 20, 2015, and January 25, 2018, and administered concurrent dexmedetomidine and propofol or either agent alone for ≥24 hours were included. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and sedative dosing requirements were assessed from initiation to 72 hours after initiation. The primary end point was comparing the incidence of hypotension among study groups. Secondary aims compared the incidence of tachycardia and bradycardia as well as clinical outcomes.

Results:

Overall, 276 patients were included among combination (n = 93), dexmedetomidine (n = 91), and propofol (n = 92) groups. The incidence of hypotension was significantly higher in patients administered concomitant dexmedetomidine and propofol (62.4%) compared to those administered dexmedetomidine (23.1%) or propofol (23.9%) alone ( P < .0001). Adjunctive dexmedetomidine with propofol was also associated with higher rates of clinically relevant hypotension requiring treatment ( P = .048). The tachycardia incidence in the concomitant, dexmedetomidine, and propofol groups were 30.1%, 28.6%, and 14.1%, respectively ( P = 02). Only 1.4% (n = 4) of all study patients developed bradycardia. Concomitant therapy was an independent risk factor of hypotension compared to either dexmedetomidine (odds ratio [OR]: 6.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.61-17.3, P < .0001) or propofol (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.24-6.74, P = .014) monotherapy. Patients experiencing hypotension were associated with worse clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:

Concomitant dexmedetomidine and propofol use in mechanically ventilated patients increased the risk of hypotensive events. Adjunctive dexmedetomidine with propofol administration in the critically ill warrants caution.
From Bully Victimization to Aggressive Behavior: Applying the Problem Behavior Theory, Theory of Stress and Coping, and General Strain Theory to Explore Potential Pathways
Authors: Lee Jeoung Min , Kim Jinwon , Hong Jun Sung , Marsack-Topolewski Christina N.
Published: November 2019

Studies have documented that some bully victims fall into a subcategory of bullying called “bully victims” in which the victim becomes the aggressor. However, studies to date have not examined the pathways linking bully victimization and aggressive behavior. To address this research gap, this study applies the problem behavior theory, theory of stress and coping, and general strain theory to explore possible pathways from bully victimization to aggressive behavior by examining the mediating effects of low life satisfaction, drug use, and exposure to peer deviance. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the path model from a sample of 1,676 adolescents, aged 13 to 17 years. Data were derived from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey. Findings revealed that bully victimization was positively associated with aggressive behavior. Moreover, bully victims displayed lower levels of life satisfaction. In addition, bully victims who were frequently exposed to peer deviance and drug use were likely to engage in bullying. These findings support the problem behavior theory and general strain theory and have implications for research, practice, and policy.
Electrical properties, characterization, and preparation of composite materials containing a polymethacrylate with α-naphthyl side group and nanographene fillers
Authors: Abubakar Abdullahi Musa , Biryan Fatih , Demirelli Kadir
Published: November 2019

2-(Naphthalene-1-yl oxy)-2-oxoethyl methacrylate (NOEMA) was synthesized from reaction of naphthalene-1-yl 2-chloroacetate and sodium methacrylate and its homopolymer was prepared by free-radical polymerization method at 60°C. The glass transition temperature of pure poly(NOEMA) was estimated as 102°C by differential scanning calorimetry technique, whereas that of poly(NOEMA) containing 10 wt% nanographene was 83°C. While pure poly(NOEMA) from thermogravimetric analysis measurements was indicating a decomposition at 290°C, poly(NOEMA) composite containing 10 wt% nanographene showed thermal decomposition temperature at 261°C. Semiconducting composites of poly(NOEMA) have been prepared by adding nanographene particles to poly(NOEMA) for preparing nanocomposites with different weight percentages (2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 wt%). The dielectric constant, ∊′, and dielectric loss factor, ∊″, of pure poly(NOEMA) were 3.66 and 0.052, respectively, whereas those of poly(NOEMA) containing 10 wt% nanographene were 186 and 210,152, respectively. Alternating current (AC) conductivity of pure poly(NOEMA) was 2.03 × 10−9 S cm−1, whereas that of poly(NOEMA) containing 10 wt% nanographene was 0.00134 S cm−1. AC conductivity mechanism of poly(NOEMA)/10 wt% nanographene composite indicated the correlated barrier hopping model. Activation energy values of poly(NOEMA)/ x wt% nanographene composites was estimated to be between 4.783 eV and 0.209 eV. The polymer composite/p-Si thin-film heterojunction diode properties have been investigated from current–voltage at room temperature. The electrical parameters of the prepared diodes such as ideality factor ( n), the barrier height (BH; Φ b), rectification ratio, and reverse saturation current ( I o) were investigated at dark and room temperature. The ideality factor ( n) value of the Al/poly(NOEMA)/ x wt% nanographene/p-Si/Al diode for dark was found to be between 5.147 and 7.504, respectively. The BH ( Φ b) value of the Al/poly(NOEMA)/ x wt% nanographene/p-Si/Al diode at dark was found to be between 0.228 and 0.64.
A Call for Career Educators to Recommit to Serving First-Generation and Immigrant College Students: Introduction to Special Issue
Authors: Stebleton Michael J. , Jehangir Rashné R.
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this article is to introduce the special issue on supporting first-generation (FG) and immigrant college students. Just as Parsons and other progressive leaders of the 20th century supported marginalized populations, we echo the call for career development educators to assume the mantle of advocating for equity and social justice causes. All articles in this special issue address these principles focused on supporting FG and/or immigrant college students. An overview and summary of the main articles in the issue are highlighted.
Derrida on Law and Blood
Authors: Hart Kevin
Published: November 2019

In his lectures on the death penalty Jacques Derrida argues the surprising thesis that ‘no philosophical system as such has ever been able rationally to oppose the death penalty’. And he also entertains a second thesis that juridical execution undergirds the legal system. In his support for abolitionism, Derrida participates in ‘philosophy’ without quite belonging there. In fact, he maintains that juridical execution comes into sharper focus only when we pass from philosophy to theology. There is space for further passage in this direction, perhaps, in exploring the Eucharist as ‘unbloody sacrifice’. It is regrettable that the second thesis is insufficiently established.
Development of polymer abrasive medium for nanofinishing of microholes on surgical stainless steel using abrasive flow finishing process
Authors: Singh Sachin , Ravi Sankar M
Published: November 2019

The finishing operation completes the manufacturing cycle of a component. Depending on the level of finish (micro and nano) required on the component surface, different finishing processes are employed. Several components employed in medical, automotive and chemical industries use different types of passages for the flow of fluid. The surface roughness of such passages decides the functionality of the component. Drug-eluting stents are one of the recent advancements in the medical industry. They possess microholes for release of the drugs to the point of cure. Microholes are mostly fabricated by thermal-based micromachining processes that generate metallurgically destroyed surface layers with high surface roughness. Later, these are polished using chemical or electrochemical polishing techniques, which chemically destroy the quality of the surface. These metallurgically and chemically modified (destroyed/changed) rough surfaces on the microhole wall can cause contamination of the drug. So in this article, microholes of diameter 850 ± 30 µm are fabricated in surgical stainless steel (SS 316L) workpieces using the electric discharge micromachining process. Machined microholes are finished by employing a non-traditional finishing process called the abrasive flow finishing process. Instead of using a commercially available expensive abrasive flow finishing medium, the economic medium is fabricated in-house, and its rheological study is carried out. Machining process produces microholes with a surface roughness of about 1.40 ± 0.10 µm. Later, by finishing of microholes with the abrasive flow finishing process, the surface roughness is reduced to 150 nm (percentage surface roughness improvement of about 88.53%). Therefore, the abrasive flow finishing process is a viable alternative to chemical-based polishing processes as it removes the recast layer and achieves nanosurface roughness.
Impact of driving dynamics in RDE test on NOx emissions dispersion
Authors: Luján José Manuel , Guardiola Carlos , Pla Benjamín , Pandey Varun
Published: November 2019

EU6D emission regulation intends to bridge the gap between laboratory tests and the real driving conditions by introducing real drive emission testing. It requires the measurement of real drive emission to be an additional type approval test in order to take into account the influence of road profile, ambient conditions and traffic situations. An important amendment has been included in Commission regulation (European Union) 2016/646, limiting the driving dynamics and hence avoiding the biased testing of the vehicle. In this work, a drive cycle generator has been developed to synthesise cycles meeting all the regulatory requirements of the real drive emission testing. The generator is based on the transition probability matrix obtained from each phase of the World harmonised Light vehicle Test Procedure cycle. Driving dynamics have been varied based on real drive emission regulations, and several trips have been generated with dynamics ranging from soft to aggressive. A direct injection compression ignition 1.5 L engine with a state-of-the-art aftertreatment system has been utilised to run the generated synthetic cycles. The analysis of the results obtained in the tests (all of them complying with real drive emission restrictions in terms of driving dynamics) points out a noticeable 60% relative dispersion in the NO x emissions downstream of the catalyst. The contribution of the proposed method lies not only in the fact that it synthesises driving cycles as stochastic process and is capable of tuning the driving dynamics based on real drive emission regulations, but it also presents the range of dispersion possible in NO x emissions solely due to the driving dynamics. The methodology followed in the present work could be an essential step in future engine developments, where testing engine prototypes on the entire range of driving dynamics in the engine test bench facility could provide interesting insights about the expected NO x emissions in real drive emission testing.
The effect of adjusting the stroke value of jet dispenser on the performance of glucose biosensor with gold-plated electrode
Authors: Chen Hsiu-Ching , Cheng Yuan-Hwei , Shaw Jin-Siang , Lee Win-Der , Lin Kun-Fong , Yang Zi-Jie
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the effect of dispensing glucose oxidase enzyme onto the reaction zone of a golden electrode via a jetting dispenser. Each droplet of enzyme solution dispensed onto the reaction zone of golden electrode weighs exactly the same at around 0.4 mg. This study shows that the spring and needle assembly can be controlled by adjusting the stroke value of the stroke adjustment knob to generate different jet dispensing effects, thus affecting the change of droplets of glucose oxidase enzyme solution within the reaction zone of the golden electrode. This study performs experiments using three stroke values, which are 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mm. The experimental results show that adjusting the stroke value to change the droplet of the dispensing liquid will significantly affect the accuracy of the test strip reading value. When the stroke value is adjusted to 1.5 mm, the standard deviation of the test strip is 3.8 mg/dL and the coefficient of variation is 4.1%–6.1%. The study suggested that adjusting the stroke value can stabilize the dispensed droplet to increase the stability of test strip reading, improving the accuracy of the test strip reading. This adjustment method can also be applied to the process of other biochemical sensors.
Development of Holistic Episodic Recollection
Authors: Ngo Chi T. , Horner Aidan J. , Newcombe Nora S. , Olson Ingrid R.
Published: November 2019

Episodic memory binds the diverse elements of an event into a coherent representation. This coherence allows for the reconstruction of different aspects of an experience when triggered by a cue related to a past event—a process of pattern completion. Previous work has shown that such holistic recollection is evident in young adults, as revealed by dependency in retrieval success for various associations from the same event. In addition, episodic memory shows clear quantitative increases during early childhood. However, the ontogeny of holistic recollection is uncharted. Using dependency analyses, we found here that 4-year-olds ( n = 32), 6-year-olds ( n = 30), and young adults ( n = 31) all retrieved complex events in a holistic manner; specifically, retrieval accuracy for one aspect of an event predicted accuracy for other aspects of the same event. However, the degree of holistic retrieval increased from the age 4 to adulthood. Thus, extended refinement of multiway binding may be one aspect of episodic memory development.
The compassion levels of midwives working in the delivery room
Authors: Ergin Ayla , Özcan Müesser , Aksoy Sena Dilek
Published: November 2019

Background:

Compassion-based practices in midwifery are the most important expression of the depth of care quality. This concept is insufficiently represented in literature, therefore, studies on this subject are of utmost importance.

Objectives:

This study aims to determine the levels of compassion of midwives working in the delivery room and the factors affecting these levels. The study was carried out in Kocaeli, Turkey.

Methods:

This descriptive study was carried out from 1 February to 15 April 2019 in delivery rooms of six different hospitals located in the provincial centre of Kocaeli, Turkey, with 78 actively working midwives. Data were collected using a ‘Compassion Scale’ and analysed using the Mann–Whitney U test, the Kruskal–Wallis H test and the Spearman correlation test.

Ethical considerations:

This study was conducted according to ethical scientific guidelines.

Results:

The compassion score of the midwives were found to be 4.19 ± 0.39. The total compassion score was affected by professional factors such as number of patients, alternating shift work, number of traumatic births and work satisfaction. While the kindness subscores decreased depending on shift work and number of traumatic births, it was determined that the midwives who were satisfied with their work had higher kindness scores than those who were not. Also, as the age and professional experience of the midwives and the number of traumatic births increased, their indifference score also increased. Midwives who reported that they were not satisfied with their job had higher scores regarding separation and disengagement scores than those who were satisfied with their job.

Conclusion:

It was determined that the compassion levels of midwives were found to be negatively affected by factors such as age, professional experience, job satisfaction and number of monthly traumatic births in a month. They should be reminded that compassionate midwifery care for women is a basic human right.
Guiding Principles for Improvisation in the General Music Classroom
Authors: Edmund David C. , Keller Elliott C.
Published: November 2019

Improvisation is a fundamental aspect of musicianship and an important pursuit in music education. Children in music classes throughout the world are engaged with improvisation in a variety of modes and settings. Whether singing, physically moving, or playing an instrument, the act of improvising in front of others may raise one’s self-consciousness, potentially leading to feelings of fear and anxiety. We wish to share guiding principles for improvisation to alleviate many of the associated fears. The establishment of a classroom improvisation culture may breed willful participation and acceptance. When willful participation and acceptance become habitual, the goal of establishing a safe space for students to explore their musical creativity is more readily achieved. A manifestation of the guiding principles is shared in the form of two model improvisation experiences for the general music classroom.