bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification of the Capacity for Cold-Induced Thermogenesis in Young Men With and Without Obesity
Authors: Brychta Robert J , Huang Shan , Wang Juan , Leitner Brooks P , Hattenbach Jacob D , Bell Sarah L , Fletcher Laura A , Perron Wood Rachel , Idelson Christopher R , Duckworth Courtney J , McGehee Suzanne , Courville Amber B , Bernstein Shanna B , Reitman Marc L , Cypess Aaron M , Chen Kong Y
Published: May 2019

Objective

Cold exposure increases energy expenditure (EE) and could have a role in combating obesity. To understand this potential, we determined the capacity for cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT), the EE increase above the basal metabolic rate at the individualized coldest tolerable temperature before overt shivering.

Design

During a 13-day inpatient protocol, we quantitated the EE of 12 lean men and 9 men with obesity at various randomly ordered ambient temperatures in a room calorimeter. Subjects underwent brown fat imaging after exposure to their coldest tolerable temperature.

Results

CIT capacity was 300 ± 218 kcal/d (mean ± SD) or 17 ± 11% in lean men and 125 ± 146 kcal/d or 6 ± 7% in men with obesity (P = 0.01). The temperature below which EE increased, lower critical temperature (Tlc), was warmer in lean men than men with obesity (22.9 ± 1.2 vs 21.1 ± 1.7°C, P = 0.03), but both had similar skin temperature (Tskin) changes and coldest tolerable temperatures. Whereas lean subjects had higher brown fat activity, skeletal muscle activity increased synchronously with CIT beginning at the Tlc in both groups, indicating that muscle is recruited for CIT in parallel with brown fat, not sequentially after nonshivering thermogenesis is maximal.

Conclusions

Despite greater insulation from fat, men with obesity had a narrower range of tolerable cool temperatures available for increasing EE and less capacity for CIT than lean men, likely as a result of greater basal heat production and similar perception to Tskin cooling. Further study of the reduced CIT capacity in men with obesity may inform treatment opportunities for obesity.
Incorporating Clinical Practice Guidelines and Quality Measures Into High-Quality Cost-Effective Care for Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rae-Grant Alexander D.
Published: June 2019

This article presents a hypothetical case of a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS), reviewing the use of clinical practice guidelines and incorporation of quality measures into practice. Appropriate diagnosis of MS is important to avoid the cost and consequences of a misdiagnosis. Ensuring that treatment discussion occurs when a patient with MS is receptive is good clinical practice and a guideline recommendation from the American Academy of Neurology. Continuing dialogue about disease-modifying therapy and ongoing monitoring are important for patient care and improved outcomes. Ultimately, cost-effective care in MS relates to using appropriate medicines in patients with active MS, ensuring adherence, and careful monitoring.
SOX2 is required for inner ear growth and cochlear nonsensory formation prior to sensory development
Authors: Steevens Aleta R. , Glatzer Jenna C. , Kellogg Courtney C. , Low Walter C. , Santi Peter A. , Kiernan Amy E.
Published: May 2019

The transcription factor SOX2 is required for the formation of hair cells and supporting cells in the inner ear and is a widely used sensory marker. Paradoxically, we demonstrate via fate-mapping that initially SOX2 primarily marks nonsensory progenitors in the cochlea, and is not specific to all sensory regions until late otic vesicle stages. SOX2 fate-mapping reveals an apical-to-basal gradient of SOX2 expression in the sensory region of the cochlea, reflecting the pattern of cell cycle exit. To understand SOX2 function, we undertook a timed-deletion approach, revealing that early loss of SOX2 severely impaired morphological development of the ear; whereas later deletions resulted in sensory disruptions. During otocyst stages SOX2 shifted dramatically from a lateral to medial domain over 24-48hrs, reflecting the nonsensory-to-sensory switch observed by fate-mapping. Early loss or gain of SOX2 function leads to changes in otic epithelial volume and progenitor proliferation, impacting growth and morphological development of the ear. Our study demonstrates a novel role for SOX2 in early otic morphological development, and provides insights into the temporal and spatial patterns of sensory specification in the inner ear.
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Grains Synthesized by Solvent-free Chemical Oxidative Polymerization
Authors: Inoue Hiroki , Shimogama Natsuko , Seike Musashi , Oyama Keigo , Mukai Shun , Higashimoto Shinya , Hirai Tomoyasu , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Fujii Syuji
Published: June 2019

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) grains were synthesized by solvent-free chemical oxidative polymerization in one-step and one-pot manner. The resulting PEDOT grains had atypical shapes with a volume-average diameter of 57 ± 45 µm and showed an electrical conductivity of 1.9 × 10−3 S cm−1. Furthermore, it was clarified that the PEDOT grains showed light-to-heat photothermal property.
SplintQuant: a method for accurately quantifying circular RNA transcript abundance without reverse transcription bias
Authors: Conn Vanessa , Conn Simon J.
Published: May 2019

Reverse transcription of RNA is fallible, introducing biases and confounding the quantification of transcript abundance. We demonstrate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are more subjective to overestimation of transcript abundance than cognate linear RNAs due to their covalently closed, circular form, producing multiple concatameric products from a single priming of reverse transcriptase. We developed SplintQuant, where custom DNA oligonucleotides are ligated by PBCV-1 DNA ligase only when bound to their target RNA. These circRNA-specific DNA oligonucleotides are terminally tagged with universal primers, allowing SplintQuant to accurately quantify even lowly abundant circRNAs through highly specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the absence of reverse transcription. SplintQuant is sensitive, specific, highly reproducible, and applicable to the quantification of canonical and noncanonical RNA transcripts including alternative splice variants, gene fusions, and offers a gold-standard approach for accurately quantifying circRNAs.
Postpartum family planning in Rwanda: a cost effectiveness analysis
Authors: Williams Pamela , Morales Katie , Sridharan Vikram , Tummala Alekya , Marseille Elliot
Published: June 2019

Background: Globally, there is a large unmet need for family planning in the postpartum period: 90% of women in this group want family planning for birth spacing or to avoid unintended pregnancies and stop child bearing once desired family size has been reached. Women spend on average about 30 years, or three-quarters of their reproductive lives, attempting to avoid pregnancy. In total 76% of Rwandan women want family planning postpartum, yet a 26% unmet need remains.

Methods: This cost effectiveness analysis compared the two most frequently-used family planning methods in Rwanda, longer-acting reversible contraception (LARC), injections and subdermal implants, and shorter-acting reversible contraceptives (non-LARC), pills and condoms. Women who do not use contraception postpartum were also represented. A time horizon of 24 months was used to reflect the World Health Organization suggested two-year spacing from birth until the next pregnancy, and the analysis was conducted from a health systems perspective.

Results: For women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Rwanda, including LARC postpartum family planning methods in the options, saves $18.73 per pregnancy averted, compared to family planning options that offer non-LARC methods exclusively.

Conclusion: There is an opportunity to avert unplanned pregnancies associated with the increased utilization of LARC methods. Despite the availability of LARC methods in many of Rwanda’s health facilities, the full benefits are not yet realized. LARC is cost-saving compared with non-LARC methods. Effective public health messaging campaigns and other promotion targeting current resistance to LARC use for the postpartum population could both enhance health and save public health funds.
Good sex matters: Pleasure as a driver of online sex education for young people
Authors: van Clief Lindsay , Anemaat Elianne
Published: June 2019

Background

There are few documented examples of online sex education platforms that make an impact on young people’s sexual health and wellbeing, yet research shows that new media has enormous potential to be harnessed in this way. The same is true for a pleasure-positive approach to sex education curricula and programmes. This research provides empirical evidence from the Love Matters' websites in Mexico, Kenya, Nigeria, Egypt, and India to highlight the prevalence and importance of talking about pleasure-related topics with young people.

Methodology

Love Matters is an online sex education platform targeting seven countries and attracting 30 million website visits in 2018. We analysed data through Google Analytics to explore the difference between sex education-focused content and pleasure-focused content and how young people engage with different types of sexual health information on the Love Matters platforms.

Results

Pleasure-focused content is 1.5 times more popular than sex education-focused content across all platforms. However, education-focused content attracts more organic traffic, suggesting young people purposefully search for sexual health information online. Users generally spend longer on the site engaging with sex education-focused content than pleasure-focused content.

Conclusion

This research provides empirical evidence from five countries in the Global South to support the notion that young people are actively looking for sexual health information that covers the full scope of sexual experience and pleasure, including – but not limited to – the reduction of health risks. This paper furthers the efforts to adopt a pleasure-positive approach to both online and offline sex education interventions.
Experimental Study of Problems of Formation of Informative Interest of Senior Preschool Children by Means of Foreign Language
Authors: Казанцева Анжела , Kazanceva Anzhela , Гвоздева К. , Gvozdeva K.
Published: June 2019

The system of interests of preschool children is the most important characteristic of the individual, showing the degree of its formation. In this regard, the study of cognitive interest and features of its manifestation is an integral direction of scientific and pedagogical research, designed to optimize the process of education and upbringing of preschool children. The inclusion of preschoolers in the world of foreign language culture helps to increase the level of formation of cognitive interest and the development of creative abilities of the child.
The End of the Old and the Birth of a New Order, 1918‑1919
Authors: Magocsi Paul Robert
Published: June 2019

Koniec starego i początek nowego porządku, 1918-1919Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania są lata 1918-1919 i zachodzące wówczas w Europie ogromne zmiany polityczne, w wyniku których społeczność międzynarodowa zwróciła uwagę na Karpatorusinów i ich ojczyznę, Ruś Karpacką. Autor omawia kilka wieców zorganizowanych przez Karpatorusinów w Ameryce Północnej i Europie, na których dyskutowano nad możliwymi przyszłymi scenariuszami dla Rusi Karpackiej: bądź istniejącej jako niezależne państwo, bądź też tworzącej jedność z Rosją, Ukrainą, Węgrami lub Czechosłowacją. Wprawdzie na konferencji pokojowej w Paryżu zdecydowano się na wariant czechosłowacki, jednak łemkowskich Rusinów pominięto w umowach międzynarodowych i pozostawiono, by żyli pod polską władzą.
Русины і їх путь до Чехословакії (1918-1919)
Authors: Švorc Peter
Published: June 2019

Rusyns and Their Way to CzechoslovakiaThe first great military conflict of the 20th century in Europe, World War I, also affected the area of north‑ eastern Slovakia and present‑day Transcarpathia and, to a great extent, those villages where Rusyns lived. These Rusyns were later, after the Russian army retreated, accused of supporting it and many were, thus, persecuted and victimised by the Hungarian government. That, later, played a considerable role in the way Rusyns thought of the future position of the territory they lived in. When the war ended, Rusyns considered several ways of changing their position in Central Europe. From their viewpoint, there were the following options: 1) Subcarpathian Rus as an autonomous part of historical Hungary, or Hungarian Republic; 2) Subcarpathian Rus as part of the Russian Empire; 3) Subcarpathian Rus΄ as part of a united Ukraine; 4) Subcarpathian Rus as an independent state; 5) Subcarpathian Rus as part of the Czechoslovak state. What came to pass was the fifth alternative. Based on the Treaty of Saint‑Germain from September 10th, 1919, the area of Subcarpathian Rus became part of Czechoslovakia with autonomous status.
Bring ideas to the table
Authors: Mukadam Yasmin
Published: June 2019

The Toddler Wellbeing Project provided an opportunity to research and compare experiences of mealtimes in early years settings across partner countries, resulting in more positive approaches.
How to scaffold learning through free-flow play
Authors: Siraj-Blatchford John , Brock Lynnette
Published: June 2019

Discover how to draw upon your knowledge and experience of each individual child to identify the schemes they are applying. You can then offer them appropriate resources to extend their learning.
Tapping into global talent
Authors: Smilie Yvonne
Published: June 2019

Busy Bees' third Talent Exchange Programme (TEP) took place in November 2018. The exchange provided a fantastic platform for practitioners to share practice and ideas across continents.
Strategies for healthy survival
Authors: Hadland Cheryl
Published: June 2019

Early years settings don't have to wait for the Government to act on climate change – there are plenty of actions they can take now to teach children how to protect the planet and create a sustainable world.
The cost of losing staff to retail
Authors: Wellings Tricia
Published: June 2019

The Education Policy Institute's recent report flags up the dangers of the continuing recruitment crisis in the early years sector. Without investment in pay, the Government risks its agenda for quality childcare.
Characterization of bone ingrowth and interface mechanics of a new porous 3D printed biomaterial
Authors: Tanzer M. , Chuang P. J. , Ngo C. G. , Song L. , TenHuisen K. S.
Published: May 2019

Aims

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological fixation of a 3D printed porous implant, with and without different hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings, in a canine model.

Materials and Methods

A canine transcortical model was used to evaluate the characteristics of bone ingrowth of Ti6Al4V cylindrical implants fabricated using laser rapid manufacturing (LRM). At four and 12 weeks post-implantation, we performed histological analysis and mechanical push-out testing on three groups of implants: a HA-free control (LRM), LRM with precipitated HA (LRM-PA), and LRM with plasma-sprayed HA (LRM-PSHA).

Results

Substantial bone ingrowth was observed in all LRM implants, with and without HA, at both time periods. Bone ingrowth increased from 42% to 52% at four weeks, to 60% to 65% at 12 weeks. Mechanical tests indicated a minimum shear fixation strength of 20 MPa to 24 MPa at four weeks, and 34 MPa to 40 MPa at 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in the amount of bone ingrowth or in the shear strength between the three implant types at either time period.

Conclusion

At four and 12 weeks, the 3D printed porous implants exhibited consistent bone ingrowth and high mechanical shear strength. Based on the results of this study, we confirmed the suitability of this novel new additive manufacturing porous material for biological fixation by bone ingrowth. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B(6 Supple B):62–67.
Will registries slow down or accelerate innovation?
Authors: Carr Andrew
Published: June 2019

The increasing use of regional and national registries of surgical implants has raised concerns that the cost and consequences of these initiatives will adversely influence innovation. The opposite appears to be true, with no evidence of a reduction in overall innovation and an association of increased innovation in countries with more evaluation using registries.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180065
The role of rotating hinge implants in revision total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Pasquier Gilles , Ehlinger Matthieu , Mainard Didier
Published: June 2019

Hinged implants are the most constrained knee replacement prostheses. They are very useful in complex cases of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revision. Hinged implants have evolved with rotating bearings and modularity that allows local joint reconstruction or segmental bone replacement. They are required when significant instability persists in cases with inadequate collateral ligaments and significant flexion laxity. They are now used when a large bone defect is reconstructed, or when bone fixation of the implant is questionable especially in the metaphyseal zone. The use of hinged implants in TKA revision is associated with high complication rates. Published outcomes differ based on the patients’ aetiology. The outcomes of rotating-hinged implants used in septic revisions or salvage situations are poorer than other types of revision and have a higher complication rate. The poor general health of these patients is often a limitation. Despite these relatively poor results, hinged implants continue to have a place in revision surgery to solve major instability or to obtain stable bone fixation of an implant when the metaphysis is filled with bone grafts or porous devices.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180070
Comparison of gait kinematics in total and unicondylar knee replacement surgery
Authors: Agarwal A , Miller S , Hadden W , Johnston L , Wang W , Arnold G , Abboud RJ
Published: June 2019

Introduction

This study is aimed to compare kinematic gait data of patients who have undergone total and unicondylar knee replacement.

Materials and methods

This single-surgeon retrospective cohort study evaluated 13 patients with unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and 14 unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA). Gait analysis was carried out using a Vicon motion analysis system. The limits of knee flexion during stance phase, at heel strike and at loading response were measured.

Results

The total range of motion of the UKA knees was significantly greater than the TKA knees. UKA knees exhibited significantly greater knee extension during the stance phase than the TKA knees. Unlike TKA, UKA knees demonstrated improved knee flexion during the gait cycle when compared to the contralateral non-operated knee. The hips also demonstrated near normal hip flexion in UKA patients. Predictably, UKA knees had significantly greater varus compared with TKA in the coronal plane. Spatiotemporal variables demonstrated similar walking speed and step length to aid a fair comparison between knee replacement groups.

Conclusions

The UKA knees moved more physiologically in the sagittal plane with a greater range of motion during gait. Despite having a stiff gait pattern, the patients undergoing TKA demonstrated a more neutral alignment in the coronal plane. Neither type of knee arthroplasty restored knee kinematics to those of the non-operated side.
Validation of the acute cholecystectomy rate as a quality indicator for emergency general surgery using the SWORD database
Authors: Palser TR , Navarro AP , Swift S , Beckingham IJ
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Despite an increasing emphasis on data-driven quality improvement, few validated quality indicators for emergency surgical services have been published. The aims of this study therefore were: 1) to investigate whether the acute cholecystectomy rate is a valid process indicator; and 2) to use this rate to examine variation in the provision of acute cholecystectomy in England.

Materials and methods

The Surgical Workload and Outcomes Research Database (SWORD), derived from the Hospital Episode Statistics database, was interrogated for the 2012–2017 financial years. All adult patients admitted with acute biliary pancreatitis, cholecystitis or biliary colic to hospitals in England were included and the acute cholecystectomy rate in each one examined.

Results

A total of 328,789 patients were included, of whom 42,642 (12.9%) underwent an acute cholecystectomy. The acute cholecystectomy rate varied significantly between hospitals, with the overall rate ranging from 1.2% to 36.5%. This variation was consistent across all disease groupings and time periods, and was independent of the annual number of procedures performed by each NHS trust. In 41 (29.9%) trusts, fewer than one in ten patients with acute gallbladder disease underwent cholecystectomy within two weeks.

Conclusions

The acute cholecystectomy rate is easily measurable using routine administrative datasets, modifiable by local services and has a strong evidence base linking it to patient outcomes. We therefore advocate that it is an ideal process indicator that should be used in quality monitoring and improvement. Using it, we identified significant variation in the quality of care for acute biliary disease in England.
The role of intraoperative cholangiography in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gallstone pancreatitis: is magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography needed?
Authors: Thacoor A , Pike TW , Pathak S , Dixon J , Macutkiewicz C , Smith AM
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Intraoperative cholangiography is sporadically used in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy to delineate common bile duct anatomy and exclude retained stones. In patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis, intraoperative cholangiography may reduce the need for preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.

Materials and methods

A retrospective review of a prospectively collected patient database was undertaken over a 15-year period. The primary objective was to evaluate intraoperative assessment of the common bile duct with intraoperative cholangiography in patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis.

Results

A total of 2215 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy between October 1998 and December 2013; 113 patients (of whom 77 were women) with a mean age of 54 years (range 16–88 years) were diagnosed with acute gallstone pancreatitis. Of these, 102 patients (90%) underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography, which was normal in 89 cases. Thirteen patients had choledocholithiasis on intraoperative cholangiography, 11 of whom were managed with concomitant trans-cystic duct exploration and clearance. Two patients required postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Conclusions

In patients diagnosed with acute gallstone pancreatitis, it is reasonable to proceed directly to surgery using intraoperative cholangiography on the same admission as the definitive assessment of the common bile duct. This negates the need for magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and can translate into cost savings and reduced length of stay.
Daycase trauma list: a safe and cost-effective service delivery
Authors: Athar MS , Fazal MA , Ashwood N , Arealis G , Buchanan D , Okoth FH
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Daycase trauma surgery is an evolving and a novel approach. The aim of our study was to report our experience of daycase trauma surgery with a focus on safety, patient experience, complications and limitations.

Material and methods

Patients scheduled and operated on a daycase trauma list from January 2013 to December 2016 were included in the study. Age, sex, case mix, readmissions within 48 hours, complications, patient satisfaction, reasons for overnight stay and cost effectiveness were evaluated.

Results

A total of 229 procedures were carried out. The mean age of the patients was 44.3 years (range 16–85 years) . There were 128 men and 101 women, 178 upper-limb and 51 lower-limb cases. Only 2.6% of the patients had stayed overnight for pain control, physiotherapy and neurological observations; 94.5% of the patients were satisfied. The mean visual analogue scale score for satisfaction was 8.7. There were no admissions within 48 hours of discharge and one complication with failure of ankle fixation. The estimated cost saving was £65,562.

Conclusion

We conclude that a daycase trauma service is safe, cost effective, and yields high patient satisfaction. It reduces the burden on hospital beds and a wide range of upper- and lower-limb cases can be performed as daycase trauma surgery with adequate planning and teamwork.
Enhancing the emergency general surgical service: an example of the aggregation of marginal gains
Authors: Panagiotopoulou IG , Bennett JMH , Tweedle EM , Di Saverio S , Gourgiotis S , Hardwick RH , Wheeler JMD , Justin Davies R
Published: June 2019

Introduction

We aimed to enhance the emergency general surgical service in our high-volume centre in order to reduce four-hour target breaches, to expedite senior decision making and to avoid unnecessary admissions.

Materials and methods

The aggregation of marginal gains theory was applied. A dual consultant on-call system was established by the incremental employment of five emergency general surgeons with a specialist interest in colorectal or oesophagogastric surgery. A surgical ambulatory care unit, which combines consultant-led clinical review with dedicated next-day radiology slots, and a dedicated working week half-day gastrointestinal urgent theatre session were instituted to facilitate ambulatory care pathways.

Results

The presence of two consultant surgeons being on call during weekday working hours decreased the four-hour target breaches and allowed consultant presence in the surgical ambulatory care clinic and the gastrointestinal urgent theatre list. Of 1371 surgical ambulatory care clinic appointments within 30 months, 1135 (82.7%) avoided a hospital admission, corresponding to savings of £309,752 . The coordinated functioning of the surgical ambulatory care clinic and the gastrointestinal urgent theatre list resulted in statistically significantly reduced hospital stays for patients operated for abscess drainage (gastrointestinal urgent theatre median 11 hours (interquartile range 3, 38) compared with emergency median 31 hours (interquartile range 24, 53), P < 0.001) or diagnostic laparoscopy/appendicectomy (gastrointestinal urgent theatre median 52 hours (interquartile range 41, 71) compared with emergency median 61 hours (interquartile range 43, 99), P = 0.005). Overnight surgery was reduced with only surgery that was absolutely necessary occurring out of hours.

Conclusion

The expansion of the ‘traditional’ on-call surgical team, the establishment of the surgical ambulatory care clinic and the gastrointestinal urgent theatre list led to marginal gains with a reduction in unnecessary inpatient stays, expedited decision making and improved financial efficiency.
An Implementation of The Scalable and Correct Time-Stamped Stack
Authors: Jetmundsen Henry , Thompson Patrick , Villegas Matthew , Zabel Justin
Published: May 2019

Many concurrent data structures impose real time ordering over their elements. This is needed only if the insertions modifying the data structure ran sequentially. A new approach using time stamps was proposed to avoid unneeded ordering. Our implementation is based on that time-stamped (TS) stack. Concurrent insertions can be left unordered and then ordered as necessary at removal. Because of this weak ordering, using linearizability to establish correctness is not possible. The original paper presents a new approach to proving correctness for the TS stack. This proof technique is a new, generic proof for correctness on concurrent data structures. In this paper, we highlight our general approach to re-implementing the Time-Stamped stack, discuss our modifications made to to the stack, give an overview of our implementation of a stack using software transactional memory, and analyze comparative performance graphs based on our experimental data.
Utilização de Modelos Didáticos como Instrumento Pedagógico de Aprendizagem em Citologia / Use of Didactic Models as a Pedagogical Instrument for learning in Citology
Authors: Silva Tatiano Gomes da , Morbeck Lorena Lôbo Brito
Published: May 2019

Com o advento das novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação, o ensino das ciências biológicas nas escolas brasileiras tornou-se algo mais acessível e praticável aos diversos setores das sociedades. Entretanto, a falta de disponibilização de tecnologias e metodologias alternativas ao ensino da biologia dificulta a prática pedagógica e consequentemente o ensino-aprendizagem. Diante disso, o presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar a importância do uso de modelos didáticos nas aulas de citologia através de uma revisão bibliográfica com base em artigos publicados em revistas científicas de cunho educacional, com o intuito de verificar se houve ou não mudanças no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da citologia resultando em uma maior compreensão dos conteúdos por meio de modelos didáticos nas salas de aula. Nesse aspecto, o uso de modelos didáticos em sala de aula torna-se fundamental no desenvolvimento de novas metodologias, que tem por finalidade atuar como facilitadores no ensino de citologia.
Aspectos da saúde de mulheres com câncer em situação de violência conjugal: uma revisão integrativa / Aspects of the health of women with cancer in situations of conjugal violence: an integrative review
Authors: Brito Eulina Alves Sousa , Feitosa Pedro Walisson Gomes , Vieira Jacyanne Gino , Oliveira Italo Constâncio de , Sousa Carmelita Maria Silva , Romão Lina Maria Vidal , Sousa Allex Alves Sobral de , Gurgel Lucineide Coqueiro , Santana Willma José De
Published: May 2019

As consequências emocionais reverberantes em mulheres acometidas por câncer são recorrentes e necessitam de assistência adequada visando sua reintegração familiar e social, assim como sua adaptação à uma nova realidade. Esse trabalho objetiva reunir conhecimentos científicos produzidos acerca da relação entre a saúde de mulheres acometidas por câncer e a violência conjugal. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura com descrição qualitativa. Foram pesquisadas publicações científicas brasileiras e internacionais, nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO, BVS, utilizando os seguintes descritores nas pesquisas: “câncer”, “mulheres”, “violência conjugal”. Consoante os descritores e os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, obteve-se 37 artigos científicos dos quais 10 artigos foram utilizados por discorrerem sobre o tema em estudo. Neste estudo foi possível identificar a relação entre as recorrentes notificações de violência conjugal contra mulheres acometidas por câncer, apresentando sua influência negativa e deteriorante na qualidade de vida destas mulheres, representando um paradigma de saúde pública com interferência nas esferas biopsicossociais, culturais e familiares.
A Gestão de Pessoas no Setor Público: uma revisão bibliográfica no cenário brasileiro contemporâneo / The Management of People in the Public Sector: A bibliographic review in the contemporary Brazilian scenario
Authors: Silva Carlos George Costa da , Santos Everton Paulino Dos , Caffé Filho Hesler Piedade
Published: May 2019

A expressão Gestão de Pessoas é entendida como a função gerencial que visa à cooperação das pessoas que compõem uma organização, com a finalidade de alcançar os objetivos, tanto aqueles de carácter organizacional como individual. Este artigo refere-se à gestão de pessoas especificamente no setor público; trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória a partir de uma revisão literária. Para tanto, aborda-se a Gestão de Pessoas como articuladora das transformações vinculadas com o setor público. A escolha desta temática para a elaboração do presente trabalho de pesquisa justifica-se pela necessidade de entender como ocorre a gestão de pessoas no contexto do setor público. Conclui-se ressaltando a importância da gestão de pessoas nas organizações, devido ao interesse que desperta nos funcionários, ao serem tratados como parceiros, de participar ativamente na tomada de decisões, visando o crescimento da empresa e, especificamente no setor público, devido a sua contribuição com a qualidade na prestação do serviço à sociedade, devido a que incentiva o comprometimento coletivo com os resultados dos investimentos em matéria pública. Destaca-se, neste sentido, a figura do gestor como articulador e administrador dos processos, e ao mesmo tempo, a necessidade de que os funcionários do setor público estejam engajados no desenvolvimento progressivo do contexto no qual se desenvolvem, visando resultados de qualidade, tanto para a organização/instituição em que atuam, quanto para seu entorno.
The Stimulus to Violence and its impacts on Mental Health of the Population: A context in the Brazilian Elections / O Estímulo à Violência e seus impactos na Saúde Mental da população: Um contexto vivenciado nas Eleições Brasileiras
Authors: Gonçalves Júnior Jucier , Amorim Liromaria Maria De , Farias Athena De Albuquerque , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite
Published: May 2019

In 2018 the presidential dispute in Brazil fomented a series of violent acts throughout the country drawing the attention of the national and international press. Due to the psychological suffering inflicted on the population by the increasing rates of violence in Brazil, aggravated in the last three months in the run-up to the election, it was decided to reflect on mental health in the context of the Brazilian presidential elections. The studies show that where elections are competitive there is a greater probability of electoral violence occurring. Underdeveloped countries appear to be more amenable to this phenomenon because of excessive inequality of distribution / access to resources and political power. The main impacts on the mental health of the population are exacerbation of basic psychiatric conditions (such as schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders); increased fear, insecurity and sadness that produce psychic suffering in the population; and suffocation of social relations by preventing the process of socialization and the full use of spaces to collectivities. Therefore, the debates surrounding the mental health of these populations should be stimulated as they are fundamental for eliciting interdisciplinary public policies that align social and health needs.
Desenvolvimento de Políticas Públicas em Educação a Distância no Semiárido: O caso da implantação do EMITEC no Sertão Baiano /
Authors: Pereira Eloi Da Silva , Souza Sirius Oliveira
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratório qualitativa, com o objetivo de investigar quais os impactos da implantação do Programa Ensino Médio com Intermediação Tecnológica (EMITEC) em uma comunidade rural do semiárido baiano. Diante do contexto de educação à distância na educação básica e políticas públicas em educação este trabalho teve como sujeitos da pesquisa professores mediadores que atuam no programa supracitado. Os resultados permitiram observar a importância do EMITEC para a comunidade rural de Pindobaçu/BA e desafios a serem superados como a qualidade da conectividade via Internet dos alunos com o curso bem como o fomento à capacitação e formação dos profissionais do programa. Como destaque foi verificado que os mediadores cumprem adequadamente suas funções tanto nas questões técnico-administrativas quanto didáticas. Ressalta-se que os jovens da comunidade passaram a ter maiores perspectivas de crescimento profissional e buscar ampliar sua formação.
Consequências decorrentes do uso prolongado de Contraceptivos Medicamentosos: Uma Revisão Bibliográfica / Consequences arising from prolonged use of Medication Contraceptives: A Bibliographic Review
Authors: Gonçalves Bruna Silva , Gomes Glériston De Moura
Published: May 2019

A contracepção hormonal é uma técnica bastante utilizada pelas mulheres, principalmente quando se decide realizar o planejamento familiar, tendo em vista que esta pratica tem como principal função impedir a gravidez. Existem vários métodos disponíveis no mercado, porém existem informações importantes sobre este tipo de medicamento que a maioria das pacientes não conhece. Nesta percepção, o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo analisar as consequências do uso prolongado dos contraceptivos orais. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, pautada em um estudo descritivo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa que busca compreender a temática em questão através de dados que já foram registrados. Os dados da pesquisa serão obtidos a partir da base Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online); Science Direct e Google acadêmico. Espera-se que o presente estudo avalie os principais danos a saúde causados pelo uso de contraceptivos. Por meio do estudo observou-se que o tromboembolismo é o risco mais frequente causado pela contracepção prolongada. A idade que mais faz o uso de contraceptivo hormonal encontra-se entre 15 e 25 anos de idade. De acordo com a literatura o contraceptivo mais utilizado é o hormonal oral. E notou-se também que a maioria das mulheres tem algum conhecimento sobre contracepção e seus riscos a saúde. Mesmo com informações básicas é importante antes de utilizar o contraceptivo hormonal é importante que se tenha uma orientação profissional para que se possa avaliar a existência de predisposição genética que possa se complicar com o uso de contraceptivos, e assim escolher o contraceptivo mais adequado.
Políticas del don y del riesgo, en clave «nano»
Authors: Gerbaudo Analía Isabel
Published: June 2019

Este artículo examina algunas de las derivas de la «ética» de la «responsabilidad» tal como se delinea en la escritura de Jacques Derrida. Hacemos foco, por un lado, en el texto Who comes after the subjetct? editado por Eduardo Cadava, Peter Connor y Jean-Luc Nancy en 1991; por el otro, en la obra de dos de sus «herederas»: Avital Ronell y Anne Dufourmantelle. Interrogamos cómo estas obras revigorizan la discusión sobre la política y la ética en el presente.
Adsorpsi Fenol dengan TiO2/zeolit artificial Berbahan Dasar Sekam Padi dan Limbah Kertas
Authors: Kesumaningrum Juwita , Prasetya Nor Basid Adiwibawa , Suseno Ahmad
Published: May 2019

Industri menghasilkan limbah cair fenol yang mencemari lingkungan. Fenol merupakan senyawa organik berbahaya yang memiliki sifat toksisitas tinggi sehingga mengganggu ekosistem akuatik dan kesehatan manusia. Untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran lingkungan dilakukan metode adsorpsi dengan memanfaatkan TiO2/zeolit artificialsebagai adsorben. Penelitian bertujuan untuk sintesis TiO2/zeolit artificial dan uji adsorpsi fenol dengan memvariasikan waktu adsorpsi fenol selama 1, 3, 6, 12, dan 24 jam serta konsentrasi fenol 10, 30, 50, 70, dan 90 ppm terhadap TiO2/zeolit artificial. Fenol sisa direaksikan dengan pereaksi 4-aminoantipirin kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis 1601. TiO2/zeolit artificial dapat disintesis dari sekam padi dan limbah kertas. Adsorpsi fenol dengan TiO2/zeolit artificial terjadi pengurangan konsentrasi fenol dari 50 ppm menjadi 49,3 ppm selam 6 jam. Kapasitas maksimum adsorpsi fenol dengan menggunakan persamaan isoterm Langmuir diperoleh TiO2/zeolit artificial dengan penyinaran lampu UV sebesar 2,445 mg/g dan TiO2/zeolit artificial tanpa penyinaran lampu UV sebesar 1,256 mg/g.
Waktu Optimum pada Reaksi Veratraldehid dan Anilin
Authors: Solihati Ditya Putri , Fachriyah Enny , Ismiyarto Ismiyarto
Published: May 2019

Imina merupakan senyawa dengan gugus fungsi C=N yang mempunyai potensi sebagai antibakteri, antikanker, antijamur, antitumor dan antimalaria. Sintesis imina dapat dilakukan menggunakan bahan dasar aldehida dan amina primer. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan veratraldehid dan anilin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesis 3,4 dimetoksibenzilimina dan menentukan waktu reaksi optimum dari proses sintesis tersebut. Kemurnian produk sintesis berdasarkan pengujian titik leleh. Penentuan hasil sintesis maksimum dilakukan dengan variasi waktu pelarutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk sintesis belum murni. Waktu reaksi optimal sintesis yaitu pada 140 menit dengan rendemen sebesar 60,5%.
Surgery and Medicinal Plants: A review of important indigenous medicinal plants of Iran for burn wound healing
Authors: Sharifian Masoud , Hasanvand Afshin , Basati Gholam , Abbaszadeh Saber
Published: June 2019

Surgical Science is one of the branches of medical science that deals with surgical and medicinal interventions, which can cure surgical wounds, cuts, burns and so on. The accelerated recovery process has always been a concern for surgeons and physicians. Standard local antibiotic drugs such as silver nitrate, mafenide acetate, sulfadiazine silver and AgNO3 are also used to treat wounds which are associated with some complications. Considering the fact that no effective herbal remedy has been introduced for wound healing, the purpose of this review is to investigate and identify indigenous Iranian herbs used for wound healing after surgery, especially burn wounds. In this systematic review paper, published articles in the period 1952 to 2017 with keywords of surgery, wound healing, burns, herbs, etc. from databases such as SID, MEDLIB, ProQuest, Magiran, Europe PubMed Central and Google Scholar. Abstract and title of all articles were studied and non-relevant articles were deleted and remaining articles were used for review. Based on the results of the study, Malva sylvestris, Camellia sinensis, Aloe vera, Cydonia oblonga, Scrophularia striata, Centella asiatica, Arnebia euchroma, Calendula officinalis and Hypericum perforatum are the most important herbal remedies for burn restoration. The following is an explanation of the most important herbal remedies for native burn wounds in Iran.
Research-based learning in education studies: Design inquiry using group e-Portfolios based on blogs
Authors: Marín Victoria I.
Published: June 2019

Research-based learning (RBL) is an approach that aims to engage students in research activities within their study discipline. Since this method puts the focus on the learner, Web 2.0 tools are considered to provide good support in enhancing collaboration processes, which are necessary in conducting research in real-life situations. The link between RBL and the use of digital technologies in higher education has not yet been extensively empirically explored. Therefore, the main aim of this study, based on a project-based university seminar, was to explore the possibilities of group e-Portfolios based on blogs, within the framework of a concrete form of RBL in education studies, the design-inquiry approach. The study employed mixed methods, consisting of quantitative and qualitative data collected via a student questionnaire, and further qualitative data collected from the group blogs and the students’ final reflections. The results show the possibilities and challenges of using e-Portfolios based on blogs for RBL processes. The article concludes by providing guidelines and recommendations and presents a framework that connects the models used in the study.
Micro-teaching 2.0: Technology as the classroom
Authors: Ledger Susan , Fischetti John
Published: June 2019

Currently pre-service teachers (PSTs) practise teaching by interacting in real-life situations naturally occurring within variable school-based practicums. These are not ideal contexts for beginning teachers because they put novices in situations with real students before demonstrating capability, feedback is often not at point of need and they do not provide all students with similar experiences. Simulation and micro-teaching combine to provide a technological solution to bridge the gap between graduate preparation and real application. This study draws on situated learning and reflective practice ideologies to critique and problematise Micro-teaching 2.0 – a combination of traditional micro-teaching practices and human looped simulations. The findings reveal increased self-efficacy of PSTs (n = 376) and identify the benefits and challenges of Micro-teaching 2.0 for initial teacher education programs. Micro-teaching 2.0 proved to be an effective diagnostic tool for identifying the specific needs of PSTs and a preparatory tool for real-life placements. The controlled learning environment addresses previous issues related to the variability of contexts and subsequent moderation of individual capabilities. The findings are timely as the teaching profession continues to be scrutinised and where technological advances continue to offer choice, challenges and creative options for educators.
Norma i uzus w dydaktyce przekładu specjalistycznego wobec oczekiwań rynku pracy
Authors: Jokiel Małgorzata
Published: May 2019

The author focuses on issues related to university teaching of interpretation and translation: consecutive interpretation and sight translation in respect of a specialist language, in particular the economic one. The starting point for further considerations is the presentation of the characteristics of the above-mentioned specialist language and the question regarding the role and importance of specialist knowledge and quality criteria in the process of interpretation and translation teaching. From the viewpoint of author’s own teaching and practical experience, an attempt is made to diversify priorities, goals and methodological approaches in relation to the above-mentioned forms of interpretation and translation. Market requirements and expectations of potential employers, resulting from job advertisements, become of a particular importance in this context, as they need to be taken into consideration in order to optimize teaching of interpretation and translation.
Tłumacze bez Granic a status tłumacza
Authors: Masłowska Patrycja
Published: May 2019

The objective of the present article is to analyse the influence of the organisation Translators Without Borders on the status of its volunteers: translators and community interpreters. The first chapter concerns main aspects of the translator's status. The second one presents briefly the types of Translators Without Borders activities, while the next one focuses on the characteristics of the types of translator's and interpreter's work  for the organization. The last chapter includes the analysis of the translator's and interpreter's status aspects that are susceptible to impact of the described organization’s  activities. Conclusions are ambiguous as the main reason of the Translators Without Borders foundation was not to improve the translator's status. However, membership may be beneficial under certain conditions.
Instytucja referendum ogólnokrajowego w Uzbekistanie - regulacje prawne i praktyka
Authors: Szukalski Jerzy , Żmigrodzki Radosław
Published: May 2019

W artykule przedstawiono instytucję referendum ogólnokrajowego we współczesnym Uzbekistanie, który po rozpadzie Związku Radzieckiego jest od 1991 r. niepodległym i suwerennym państwem. W dalszej części omówiono regulacje prawne dotyczące referendum, zawarte w Konstytucji Uzbekistanu z 1992 r. i ustawie z 1992 r. Analizując ustawę zwrócono uwagę zwłaszcza na takie elementy, jak czynne prawo wyborcze, zasadę jawności, podmioty uprawnione do wystąpienia z inicjatywą przeprowadzenia referendum, organy odpowiedzialne za przygotowanie i przeprowadzenie referendum oraz kryteria ważności referendum. W omawianym okresie w Uzbekistanie odbyły się tylko cztery referenda: dwukrotnie w1991,1995i 2002 r. W konstatacji podkreślono, że referendum ogólnokrajowe w Uzbekistanie spełnia bardzo ważną rolę, stanowiąc w istocie w warunkach państwa o autorytarnym systemie rządów je dyną w pełni demokratyczną formę wyrażenia woli obywateli tego kraju.