bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paired Guide RNA CRISPR-Cas9 Screening for Protein-Coding Genes and lncRNAs Involved in Transdifferentiation of Human B-Cells to Macrophages
Authors: Arnan Carme , Ullrich Sebastian , Pulido-Quetglas Carlos , Nurtdinov Ramil , Esteban Alexandre , Blanco-Fernandez Joan , Aparicio-Prat Estel , Johnson Rory , Pérez-Lluch Sílvia , Guigó Roderic
Published: October 2021

CRISPR-Cas9 screening libraries have arisen as a powerful tool to identify protein coding (pc) and non-coding genes playing a role along different processes. In particular, the usage of a nuclease active Cas9 coupled to a single gRNA has proven to efficiently impair the expression of pc-genes by generating deleterious frameshifts. Here, we first demonstrate that the usage of a second gRNA targeting the same gene synergistically enhances the capacity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system to knock out pc-genes. We next design a library to simultaneously target pc-genes and lncRNAs known to change expression during the transdifferentiation from pre-B cells to macrophages. We show that this system is able to identify known players in this process, and also predicts 26 potential novel ones, of which we select four for deeper characterization. The CRISPR-Cas9 coupled to pgRNAs system is, therefore, a suitable tool to target simultaneously pc-genes and lncRNAs for genomic perturbation assays.
Singlet Fission Dynamics Modulated by Molecular Configuration in Covalently Linked Pyrene Dimers, Anti- and Syn-1,2-di(Pyrenyl)Benzene
Authors: Choi Jungkweon , Kim Siin , Ahn Mina , Kim Jungmin , Cho Dae Won , Wee Kyung-Ryang , Ihee Hyotcherl
Published: October 2021

Various covalently linked dimers (CLDs) and their structural isomers have attracted much attention as a potential material to improve the power conversion efficiencies of photovoltaic devices and OLEDs through singlet fission (SF). However, the effect of the molecular configuration on improving the efficiency through the spatial arrangement has not been explored yet. Here, we designed and synthesized two covalently ortho-linked pyrene (Py) dimers, anti- and syn-1,2-di(pyrenyl)benzene (Anti-DPyB and Syn-DPyB), to elucidate the effect of the molecular configuration on SF dynamics. Both Anti-DPyB and Syn-DPyB, which have different Py-stacking configurations, form excimers and then relax to the correlated triplet pair (1(T1T1)) state, indicating the occurrence of SF. Unlike previous studies where the excimer formation inhibited an SF process, the 1(T1T1)’s of Anti-DPyB and Syn-DPyB are formed through the excimer state. The 1(T1T1) of Anti-DPyB dissociates to form free triplets, completing SF, whereas the 1(T1T1) of Syn-DPyB does not undergo dissociation. Our results showcase that the molecular configuration of a CLD plays an important role in SF dynamics, suggesting that the strategic molecular design and its experimental characterization may provide a new route to improving the power conversion efficiency in real devices.
Ecotoxicity and Fate of Silver Nanomaterial In An Outdoor Lysimeter Study After Twofold Application By Sewage Sludge
Authors: Hoppe Martin , Köser Jan , Hund-Rinke Kerstin , Schlich Karsten
Published: October 2021

The increasing use of antibacterial silver nanomaterials (AgNMs) in consumer products leads to their release into sewers. High amounts of AgNMs become retained in sewage sludge, which causes their accumulation in agricultural soils when sewage sludge is applied as fertilizer. This increase in silver arouses concerns about toxicity to soil organisms and transfer within trophic levels. Long-term field studies simulating the sewage sludge pathway to soils are sparse, and the effects of a second sewage sludge application are unknown.In this perennial field lysimeter study, a twofold application of AgNM (NM-300K, 2 + 3 mg Ag/kg dry matter soil (DMS)) and a onefold application of AgNO3 (2 mg Ag/kg DMS) by sewage sludge to the uppermost 20 cm of the soil (Cambisol) were applied. The response of microorganisms to the applications was determined by measuring the inhibition of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Silver concentrations in soil, leachates, and crops were measured after acid digestion by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Almost no vertical Ag translocation to deeper soil layers and negligible Ag release to leachates suggest that soil is a large sink for AgNM and AgNO3. For AgNM, an increase in toxicity to AOB was shown after the second sewage sludge application. The application of AgNO3 resulted in long-term toxicity comparable to the toxicity of AgNM. Low root uptake from both AgNM- and AgNO3-spiked lysimeters to crops indicates their incomplete immobilization, which is why food chain uptake cannot completely be excluded. However, the root-shoot barrier for wheat (9.8 →0.1 mg/kg) and skin body barrier for sugar beets (1.0 →0.2 mg/kg) will further reduce the accumulation within trophic levels. Moreover, the applied AgNM concentrations were above the predicted environmental concentrations (PECs), which is why the root uptake might be negligible in agricultural practice.
Blood based biomarkers as predictive factors for hyperprogression
Authors: Yıldırım Hasan Çağrı , Guven Deniz Can , Aktepe Oktay Halit , Taban Hakan , Yilmaz Feride , Yasar Serkan , Aksoy Sercan , Erman Mustafa , Yalcin Suayib , Kilickap Saadettin
Published: October 2021

Purpose

With the widespread use of immunotherapy agents, we encounter treatment responses such as hyperprogression disease (HPD) that we have not seen with previous standard chemotherapy and targeted therapies. It is known that survival in patients with HPD is shorter than in patients without HPD. Therefore, it is important to know the factors that will predict HPD. We aimed to determine the factors that would predict HPD.

Methods

A total of 121 adult metastatic cancer patients treated with immunotherapy for any cancer between were included. Baseline demographics, ECOG performance status, type of tumors, and baseline blood count parameters were recorded. Possible predisposing factors were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

The median age was 62.28 (interquartile range (IQR) 54.02-67.63) years, and the median follow-up was 12.26 (IQR 5.6-24.36) months. Renal cell carcinoma (33%) and melanoma (33.8%) were most common diagnoses. Twenty patients (16.5%) had a HPD. High LDH level (p:0.001), hypoalbuminemia (p:0.016), NLR>5 (p:0.007) and NSCLC diagnosis (0.026) are at high risk for HPD. Sex (female vs. male, p:0.114), age (>65 vs <65, p:0.772), ECOG (0 vs 1-4, p:0.480), PNI (>45 vs <45, p:0.055), presence of liver metastases (present vs. absent, p:0.752), the line of treatment (1-5, p:0.112) were not found to be associated with hyperprogression.

Conclusions

In this study, we observed HPD in 16.5% of immunotherapy-treated patients and increased HPD risk in patients with high LDH level (p:0.001), hypoalbuminemia (p:0.016), NLR>5 (p:0.007) and NSCLC diagnosis (0.026).
Culturally Adapted Family Intervention for People With Schizophrenia in Indonesia (FUSION): A Development and Feasibility Study Protocol
Authors: Renwick Laoise Jean , Susanti Herni , Brooks Helen , Keliat Budi Anna , Bradshaw Tim , Bee Penny , Lovell Karina
Published: October 2021

Background
Mental illnesses comprise the single largest source of health-related economic burden globally and low-and middle-income countries are disproportionately affected. The majority of people with schizophrenia who need treatment do not receive it and are often wholly reliant on family caregivers for daily care and support. Family interventions have an exceptionally robust evidence base for their efficacy in high resource settings, but it is unknown whether they can produce equivalent effects in some low resource settings where cultural beliefs, explanatory models of illness and contextual socio-economic issues differ.
Methods
This protocol describes methods to culturally adapt and refine an evidence-based, family intervention for relatives and caregivers of people with schizophrenia in Indonesia. The feasibility and acceptability of implementing an adapted, co-produced intervention via task-shifting in primary care settings will be evaluated using the Medical Research Council framework for complex interventions. The development and preliminary testing of the adapted intervention will occur in three phases utilising mixed methods; stakeholder and key informant interviews will inform consensus workshops using nominal group techniques to develop a testable intervention. The feasibility of testing the intervention in a larger trial and the acceptability of the intervention will be explored in a feasibility trial of adapted family interventions compared to standard treatment. Participants in Phase 1 consultation groups will comprise service-users (n = 10-15), carers (n=10-15) and key stakeholders including lay and healthcare workers (n=10-15) and semi-structured interviews with key informants to identify implementation challenges and facilitators (n= 10). Phase 2 participants will include expert stakeholders including experts by experience to achieve consensus on the essential elements of the intervention (n = 20) and a separate group to develop training methods and materials for our task-shifted intervention. Phase 3 will comprise 60 carer-service-user dyads participating in a randomised feasibility trial.
Discussion
National healthcare policy in Indonesia supports the delivery of mental health services in a complex network of primary care centres. This study will provide important information on the feasibility of delivering family interventions for people with schizophrenia via task-shifting in primary care settings in Indonesia.
Characteristics of Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Different Types of Areas in the Pisha Sandstone Region
Authors: Li xuefeng , Rao liangyi , Xu yeqin
Published: October 2021

Little is known about the distribution of N and P in Pisha sandstone soils from different types of areas. In this study, three typical areas in this region, which included the Er Laohu small watershed (soil-covered area), the Tela small watershed (sand-covered area), and the Shibu Ertai small watershed (bare area), were chosen as experimental objects. A total of 27 soil sections were constructed (Took three parts in the upper, middle and lower of each watershed, respectively), and 486 soil samples were taken from different slope positions and slope directions. Bare Pisha sandstone had the highest mean TN concentration of 0.53 g/kg, which was about 45.06–45.30% higher than soil-covered and sand-covered Pisha sandstone. Sand-covered Pisha sandstone had a lower TP concentration of 37.93–40.62% than the bare (5.04 g/kg) and soil-covered (4.64 g/kg) Pisha sandstone. The concentration of AN in the bare Pisha sandstone was 23.98 mg/kg, which was about 2.85-3.85 times higher than that in the sand-covered and soil-covered Pisha sandstone. Ni concentration in bare Pisha sandstone (5.14 mg/kg) was approximately 3–4 times higher compared to soil-covered and sand-covered Pisha sandstone. The AP concentration in soil-covered Pisha sandstone was 7.56 mg/kg, which was about 68–72.21% higher than that in bare and sand-covered Pisha sandstone areas. Overarchingly, our results suggest that different Pisha sandstone types and slope positions significantly affect the spatial distribution of N and P. That has created a greater obstacle for the local population to carry out agricultural activities in the Pisha sandstone region.
Multiple Omics Analysis Reveals E2F5 Predict Prognostic Biomarker in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Tan Jinshui , Zhong Mengya , Chen Qinwei , Lu Zhen , Zha Jie , Zhou Yong , Li Guowei , Jiang Yirong , Xu Bing
Published: October 2021

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is highly aggressive and fatal hematological malignancy. There are few biomarkers that can be used to predict the survival of DLBCL patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new biological targets to improve the predictive value and sensitive diagnosis of DLBCL.E2F family play an essential role in tumorigenesis, however, remains obscure in DLBCL.E2F transcription factor family(E2Fs) mRNA expression between DLBCL and nonmalignant samples were screened by GEPIA,CCLE and EMBL-EBI. The associated regulation pathway in DLBLC was established using the GeneMANIA,Metascape ,SMATAPP database. Transcription analysis indicated E2F1/4/5/8 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients and the cell lines.What’s more, the high E2F5/8 expression had significantly lower survival rate. Further functional analysis showed that E2F1/3/5 were hypomethylated in DLBCL,which may associated with patient chemo-resistance. Subsequently,these genes with their co-expression genes mainly formed transcription factor complex, regulated G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle and through TGF-beta signaling pathway to participate DLBCL tumorigenesis. This results demonstrate that E2F5 were potential prognostic biomarkers for better survival of DLBCL patients.
Low Dose Risperidone Every 3.8 Hours: Superior Efficacy In Treatment of Bipolar Disorders
Authors: Townsend Robert W.
Published: October 2021

Background: This paper presents a previously unpublished Bipolar Disorder treatment using low-dose Risperidone that gives superior-efficacy, prevents overmedication, and prevents medication-induced anxiety and irritability. Standardized other Bipolar Disorder treatments have a failure rate of 82% to 87.1%. When dropouts and poor adherence are combined, only 12.9% to 18% of Bipolar patients adhere to medications within three years. Self-defensive providers primarily blame Bipolar patients for treatment failures. When that bias is removed, failure is due to overmedication and anxiety and irritability caused by medications. This paper shows the neurobiochemical processes that cause those problems. Published prescription-guidelines recommend Risperidone in high amounts that intentionally activate its 9-Hydroxyrisperidone metabolite under auspices that it is virtually the same as Risperidone and lasts for 24 hours. In truth, however, the beneficial Risperidone chemical lasts for four hours and 9-Hydroxyrisperidone agonizes Bipolar-toxic Serotonin. Low-dose Risperidone neutralizes 9-Hydroxyrisperidone.Methods: Low doses of Risperidone were calculated to be therapeutic amounts without causing overmedication, anxiety, and irritability. Doses were calculated to metabolize low plasma concentrations of 9-Hydroxyrisperidone that stay below the neural-activation threshold level. Four-hour-duration low doses of Risperidone were administered every 3.8 hours.Results: 3.8-hour dosing sustained steady benefits by overlapping 15-minute efficacy-onset with the 15-minute termination of each previous dose. Steady transitions between doses and five administrations per day gave therapeutic efficacy for 16 hours. Taking dose #5 at bedtime gave improved sleep.Conclusions: Low doses of Risperidone activate its therapeutic benefits while neutralizing Bipolar-toxic Paliperidone. Low-dose Risperidone every 3.8 hours maintains stability with room for adding occasional extra doses to control exacerbations of symptoms. This study provides a new biochemistry-based Bipolar Disorder treatment that is vitally needed because the failure rate of traditional treatments is too high. Traditional treatments and research are guided by commercial drug manufacturers’ recommendations and data. Traditional treatment dropout and non-adherence rates attest to the immediate need for this paper’s new paradigm of analytic neurobiochemistry.
Preparation and Characterization of Ultra-Thin Dicing Blades With Different Bonding Properties
Authors: Yuan Zewei , Feng Shuang , Wu Tianzheng
Published: October 2021

Ultra-thin dicing blade is usually used to achieve a high precision cutting in semiconductor back-end packaging and assembly. Lots of interactional parameters involving in dicing blade preparation and cutting process bring difficulties to high cutting qualities and good working life of dicing blade. In order to address these problems, this study prepared three kinds of dicing blades and characterized the cutting properties of three dicing blades. It first proposed the abrasive exposure coefficient and tool deviation coefficient to provide parameters for the cutting force model. Then the experimental apparatus was set up to verify the proposed cutting force model. And a series of parameters including feed rate, spindle current, edge chipping coefficient, tool wear amount and grinding performance are used to characterize the comprehensive performance of prepared dicing blades. Finally, the edge morphology was observed under 3D microscope to analysis the hardness of different dicing blades. The theoretical and experimental results indicate that the proposed cutting force model can reflect actual cutting process. There is an inverse proportional function between the shedding of abrasive particles and the hardness of the matrix. The cutting performance of dicing blades is very dependent on the material of workpiece. C-dicing blades presents outstanding comprehensive effects with small chips and good self-sharpening properties.
Stargazin Interaction With Serine Racemase Mediates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Yuan Xiaqing , Diao Shanshan , Chen Shujun , Lu Jiajie , Shen Haitao , Li Haiying , Li Xiang , Wu Jiang , Liu Chao , Yang Ya , Xue Qun , Fang Qi , Zhao Hongru , Gan Lei , Ni Jianqiang , Lu Haifeng , Zhu Juehua , Chen Gang
Published: October 2021

D-Serine is thought to be involved in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity and plays a pathophysiologic role in stroke. D-Serine is synthesized by serine racemase (SR), which directly converts L-serine into D-serine. The deletion of SR has been reported to protect against cerebral ischemia damage. Additionally, SR catalytic activity is physiologically regulated by its binding to stargazin. However, whether the stargazin-SR interaction affects the level of stroke damage remains elusive. We showed that cerebral ischemia increased the interaction of stargazin and SR and decreased the levels of D-serine. Disrupting the stargazin-SR interaction by knocking down stargazin aggravated cerebral ischemic insults. We found that cerebral ischemia decreased the phosphorylation of stargazin at the Thr-321 residue, which was phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Treatment with the PKA inhibitor H89 blocked stargazin T321 phosphorylation, augmented the stargazin-SR interaction, decreased D-serine levels, and alleviated focal cerebral ischemic damage in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R). Thus, the stargazin-SR interaction is a promising strategy in the treatment of stroke.
Februar
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Briefe 28-49
April
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Briefe 76-97
Band 3:1912
Authors: Huber Eugen
Published: October 2021

Dieser Band beinhaltet die Briefe, die Eugen Huber 1912 an seine im April 1910 verstorbene Frau geschrieben hat.
PERSONAL BUSINESS ASSETS AND THEIR USE
Authors: Zaitsev O. , Smakouz А.
Published: October 2021

The article collects analytical information about the nature and characteristics of profitable use of personal business assets. There are a number of options for earning extra income outside of job spend and outside of your regular job. The article defines the concept and outlined types of personal business assets, considers examples and ways to use them, pays attention to the peculiarities of investing in personal assets for profit. Personal business assets are personally owned resources that can potentially generate income. The significant difference between income from job and income from personal assets is that the personal asset brings income with minimal or even no direct labour participation of the owner of the asset. Personal business assets are essentially the same resources that can perform some function to generate cash income. Personal cash savings that are kept at home are not a personal business asset. This money, in addition to not generating income, also reduces its value almost daily due to inflation. From a business point of view, the concept of assets and liabilities is fundamental to achieving financial well-being. The article uses the ideas and suggestions of the American businessman Robert Toru Kiyosaki because he is considered one of the modern well-known theorists on business assets. Almost everything can be a personal business asset: movable and immovable property that can be rented for other people; enterprise as a passive business; internet sites that generate revenue from conversions; securities, deposit accounts that generate income in the form of interest; licenses and intellectual property rights under which the owner receives payments for use (royalties) or sells the license in full; receiving income from foreign exchange transactions in the Forex market. Investments in real assets can serve as a way to save equity. Most often, investments are made in gold or real estate, which will save money from inflation for a long time and can bring in rental income, as well as collectibles, but here it is important to know in this area and understand how profitable the investment is.
BUDGETING IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Samusevych Ya. , Temchenko A.
Published: October 2021

The key to successful and cost-effective activities of enterprises is the rational organization of the planning process, which concerns financial indicators and involves writing budgets. The article summarizes the theoretical and practical aspects of the organization and implementation of budgeting in industrial enterprises. The study of approaches of different scholars to the interpretation of the essence of the concept of budgeting allowed defining it as a complex economic process of the management cycle. It is developed at the discretion of the enterprise by determining the amount and composition of the costs of individual units of the entity and ensuring coverage of these costs by the resources of the enterprise to achieve the ultimate goal of the entity – to obtain maximum profit at minimum cost, taking into account both internal and external factors. The role of budgeting for industrial enterprises, its main purpose, the list of entities involved in budgeting, as well as the fundamental criteria for budgeting were clarified. Based on the generalization of a number of the most important criteria for the company, the possible types of budgets as well as their advantages and specifics of use depending on the objectives of the entity were generalized and described. The analysis of the basic stages of budgeting which are carried out in the course of activity of the is enterprise carried out, terms of writing and representation of budgets on an example of the monthly, quarterly and annual financial period are considered. It is determined that the budgeting system is a tool of internal financial planning and control, which significantly increases the efficiency of financial management of the enterprise, preventing the irrational use of financial resources both at the planning stage and at the stage of control over their use. Given the lack of established norms and rules for budgeting in the enterprise, optimizing the organization of the budgeting process and the effectiveness of financial planning are the tasks of the internal system of corporate governance.
INTERDEPENDENCE OF FINTECH INNOVATIONS, FINANCIAL, CYBERNETIC CRIMES AND LEGALIZATION OF CRIMINAL INCOME MEDIATED BY FINANCE INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Kuzmenko O. , Dotsenko T. , Mynenko S. , Shramko E.
Published: October 2021

Current trends in Ukrainian society, the decline of economic development and, on the other hand, digitalization, development of financial services and innovation lead to a review and rethinking of the causes and consequences of criminal activity in the financial and economic sphere. FinTech innovations provide the latest tools to protect financial transactions, and, as the range of services expands, provide more targets for cybercriminals. The goals of cybercriminals, in turn, are often financial in nature, as the goals of criminals, for example, are not only to obtain confidential information, but also to use it for their own benefit or to meet the needs of a third party. Funds obtained illegally should be legalized for their quiet further use. All these processes to some extent depend on the available financial infrastructure - the existing financial organizations-service providers.
The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between FinTech innovation, financial crime, cybercrime and money laundering by building an economic and mathematical model, taking into account the functioning of financial institutions as major intermediaries in the financial services market.
The method of structural modeling of interrelations between processes was chosen as the basic for research. Missed values ​​were predicted using a simple mean, the results were generated by analysis, synthesis, comparison and logical generalization. STATISTICA statistical software was used for simulation.
The study found that the development of FinTech will lead to a reduction in financial offenses. If the number of cybercrimes and the number of crimes for money laundering increase, so will the number of financial crimes, but the impact of money laundering is stronger. The growth of fintech innovation will lead to an increase in cybercrime.
With formalized linkages between these processes, law enforcement and government regulators will be able to better plan and manage the development of fintech innovation, risk-based digitalisation of the economy, and additional security measures.
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND VISUALIZED ANALYSIS OF INTERNET THINGS IN BUSINESS
Authors: Zakharkina L. , Okhrimchuk Ye.
Published: October 2021

The article reflects the results of processing of bibliographic data presented in the Scopus database, filtered using the following keywords: ‘Internet of Things’ and ‘Business’. The main purpose of the study is to analyze scientific publications, review their structure and their dynamics using the data visualizing tool VOSviewer. This bibliographic analysis aims to simplify the understanding of the processed material through visualization. In total, the data of 6108 scientific publications were analyzed during the study. The period of active increase in publishing activity is the period from 2010 to 2019, with a significant increase in the total number of works every year. After facing difficulties in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, publication activity declined for the first time in 2020, but the indicators of the beginning of 2021 predict a resumption of the course to increase the number of works in this area. Experts from 112 countries are working on research on this topic, but despite the quantitative indicators of published materials, the leading countries are America, China and the United Kingdom. The result of keyword analysis was the opportunity to identify the main trends in research, namely: cloud computing, information management, network security, Industry 4.0 and more. The article generates a model for visually displaying the significance of keywords and their relationship to each other. The analysis resulted in the construction of a cluster model and the identification of six main areas of research on the Internet of Things technology. It is established that most scientific works on this topic are devoted to the following topics: application of technologies in production and management; research of communication and energy efficiency problems; working on the Internet; using cloud technologies and working with data sets; solving security and personal data protection issues; Smart technologies (smart homes and devices). Thanks to practical data visualization tools, it is possible not only to monitor trend areas but also to find problematic and most unexplored research areas.
REACTION EUROPEAN POPULATION TO THE COVID-19 VACCINATION PROCESS USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS
Authors: Kashcha M. , Chuhayeva O. , Grek K.
Published: October 2021

The paper presents the results of scientific research on the impact of preventive measures, namely immunization of the population, on the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The study's primary purpose is to conduct a cluster analysis of European countries to analyze the incidence of the population, the number of deaths, and cases of complete recovery, depending on the number of vaccinated population. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem of establishing public confidence in vaccination and theoretical proof of the effectiveness of vaccinations against diseases for which this may have shown that this issue was relevant before, and a new peak of interest in 2021. The urgency of solving this scientific problem is that the Covid-19 pandemic for the second year does not slow down and take many people's lives around the world. Among the effective ways to stop it is to maintain social distance, use personal protective equipment, but not enough, so mass vaccination of the population is a necessary preventive measure. The study of the issue of grouping countries depending on the rate of resistance to the virus and the number of vaccinated population in the article was carried out in the following logical sequence: 1) collection and processing of statistics; 2) conversion of absolute indicators into relative, depending on the population in the country; 3) data normalization; 4) application of cluster analysis. The methodological tools of the study were methods of statistical data processing, the process of k-means cluster analysis, Harrington's strategy for data normalization. The object of the study was to select spatial indicators of the vulnerability of European countries to Covid-19. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the Covid-19 pandemic is developing differently and differentiated vaccination policies in the studied countries. As a result of the cluster analysis, a group of countries (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Greenland, Greece, Denmark, Ireland, Iceland, Spain, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Sweden) identified should become a model for others. It is characterized by a high vaccinated population and relatively low growth rates of the infected population at a relatively low mortality rate.
DETERMINANT OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN DIGITAL ERA: CROSS-PROVINCE ANALYSIS
Authors: Abdullah Zaki , Saleh Samsubar , . Mujiyati
Published: October 2021

In recent years, the Islamic financial sector has become one of the most vital sectors in the Islamic economic system in Indonesia. Therefore, more attention needs to be paid to the measurement of Islamic financial inclusion and its and policy making, especially in facing the digitalization of economy, because the digitalization can be a momentum that provides opportunities as well as threats to Islamic finance. This study attempts to measure Islamic financial inclusion at the provincial level in Indonesia through the dimensions of accessibility, availability and utilization and analyzes the impact of digitalization on Islamic financial inclusion. Measurements are made using the Sarma Index, while the analysis of the impact of digitalization on Islamic financial inclusion employs the fixed effect model on the balanced panel data. The measurement results show that developed provinces tend to have higher levels of Islamic financial inclusion compared to developing provinces. Furthermore, provinces with a Muslim majority have a higher level of Islamic financial inclusion compared to provinces with a Muslim minority populations. In the panel data analysis, it was found that internet penetration has a negative and significant effect on Islamic financial inclusion, which shows that the majority of people in Indonesia still use the internet to access entertainment content and that internet use has not been optimized to access financial services. Nevertheless, the presence of the Islamic fintech platforms has a significant positive effect on Islamic financial inclusion in Indonesia. The variable level of cell phone usage has no significant effect on the level of Islamic financial inclusion and the average length of schooling has a significant negative effect on Islamic financial inclusion.
PERCEIVED RISK DALAM TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE PERSPEKTIF ETIKA BISNIS ISLAM DAN SOCIAL CULTURE
Authors: Alawiyah Ika Trisnawati
Published: October 2021

Perkembangan pengetahuan dan teknologi sangat berpengaruh dalam berbagai sektor kehidupan masyarakat, perkembangan teknologi yang terjadi juga merambah pada sektor ekonomi. Dengan teknologi yang ada dapat memudahkan dalam bisnis yang dilakukan oleh para pengusaha dan para konsumen. Perkembangan e-commerce yang semakin meningkat di Indonesia berdampak pada gaya hidup masyarakat khususnya dalam berbelanja. Dampak dari perkembangan dan tumbuhnya e-commerce juga dirasakan oleh masyarakat kota Metro-Lampung. Dengan minimnya perusahaan e-commerce yang menyatakan bahwa sistem yang disediakan oleh perusahaannya selalu menjaga prinsip-prinsip ekonomi syariah, maka resiko-resiko dari adanya e-commerce tidak bias diabaikan seperti terjadinya kecurangan dalam bertransaksi, oleh karena itu penulis mengkaji persepsi risiko dalam transaksi e-commerce dari perspektif etika bisnis Islam dan sosial budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi risiko dalam transaksi e-commerce dari perspektif etika bisnis Islam dan sosial budaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan teoritik serta membangun teori dari data yang diterima peneliti. Sehingga hasil dari penelitian ini, bahwa persepsi risiko dalam transaksi e-commerce dalam perspektif etika bisnis Islam dan sosial budaya secara umum tidak melanggar etika bisnis Islam yang berlaku. Namun perlu adanya pembenahan label halal yang dapat menjaga keamanan konsumen khususnya konsumen muslim ketika mengambil keputusan dalam pembelian produk melalui e-commerce yang tersedia.
ZAKAT POTENTIAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Maghfirah Maghfirah
Published: October 2021

Management of Zakat has a great potential to fail to optimize the potential of Islamic philanthropy which is significant in tackling poverty and improving the welfare of the people. This article will analyze the effectiveness of zakat management in the modern economy. This research uses an empirical or sociological juridical approach and is analytically descriptive. Data collection methods in this research using documentation. Whereas the method of data analysis, carried out qualitatively juridical. The results of the research are the requirements for the fffectiveness of receiving zakat funds at Badan Amil Zakat Nasional; (1) Establish the concept of expansion in zakat obligations, (2) Management of zakat from fixed assets and non-permanent assets, (3) Accountable and professionally managed administration, (4) An accountable distribution; prioritizing domestic distribution, fair distribution, build trust between Muzakkī and Mustaḥiq zakat, (5) Job productivity through Islamic management and (6) Zakat distribution model in modern economy; distribution of zakat for poverty due to unemployment (a compulsion) and distribution of zakat for poverty due to unemployment of Khiyāriyah (an option).
PENGELOLAAN DANA HAJI SEBAGAI BENTUK MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN PUBLIK
Authors: Kasanah Roisatun
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran terkait mekanisme pengelolaan dan investasi dana haji yang ada di negara dengan penduduk mayoritas muslim. Negara yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah Indonesia dan Malaysia. Penelitian dalam tulisan ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan, yakni penelitian yang data-data dan informasinya diperoleh dari sumber pustaka (bacaan) baik berupa buku-buku, hasil penelitian, berita dan bahan bacaan yang lainnya. Dari hasil penelitian didisimpulkan bahwa dana haji harus dikelola secara taransparan dan akuntabel serta selalu mengutamakan prinsip kehati-hatian karena dana haji tujuan utamanya adalah kegiatan ibadah yang termasuk dalam rukun islam, bukan untuk mencari keuntungan. Pemerintah harus bisa meningkatkan kepercayaan dari masyarakat dengan selalu meningkatkan pelayanan dan tata Kelola yang baik (good governance) dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Dana haji memiliki potensi yang sangat besar dan pengelolaannya harus ditujukan untuk kemaslahatan umat sebesar-besarnya.
THE URGENCY OF CENTRAL BANK DIGITAL CURRENCY (CBDC) IMPLEMENTATION; MAQĀSHĪD SYARĪ’AH PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Firdiansyah Fitra Azkiya
Published: October 2021

This study examines the urgency of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) with a maqashid Syariah perspective. The challenges of digital transactions have forced people to use cryptocurrencies without the use of asset assignments so that they have a big risk, this makes them illegal, while electronic money has not answered the challenges of digital transactions. The methodology used in writing this article is a descriptive qualitative method with a normative approach to analysis on maslahah and mafsadah contained in Maqashid sharia. The data used by the author is secondary data. The results of the study can be concluded that the implementation of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) will provide more maslahah than mafsadah, while cryptocurrencies are currently widely traded freely by the Muslim community in general even though they are considered haram and illegal. This shows that the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) has the urgency of its use in the economic practice of Muslims in general, with the same form but eliminating the bad elements contained in cryptocurrency, enforcing Islamic sharia, and saving the economy of the Muslim community according to Maqashid. sharia
WHAT DRIVES RETURN OF SUKUK IN THE LONG AND SHORT TERMS?
Authors: Bella Firsty Izzata , Chalid Fitria Idham , Rusgianto Sulistya
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of liquidity, inflation, and interest rates on the return of State Retail Sukuk (SUKRI) both in the short term and in the long term. Sampling in this study used a purposive sampling method by considering that the maturity of the series is the most recent and can be obtained in the secondary market and the data sources obtained from the monthly statistical reports of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (idx.go.id), the official website of Bank Indonesia (bi.go.id), as well as through a special request to The Indonesia Capital Market Institute (TICMI). Analysis of the data used in this study is a time series, namely research that is measured over a certain period of time. The period data used was in March 2017 on the grounds that the 009 Retail Sukuk as the object of this study were published in that month and ended in March 2020. The method used in this study is ARDL-ECM after going through the stationarity test and cointegration test. The results show that in the long term only the BI rate variable has a significant positive effect on Sukuk Returns, while in the short term only the Liquidity variable has a significant effect on Sukuk Returns. On the other hand, the inflation variable is known to have no significant effect on the Sukuk Returns in the long and short term. This research can be a reference for investors to make decisions in choosing SUKRI as their investment portfolio, as well as a consideration for the government in regulating risk management policies and determining the results offered to SUKRI which will be issued for subsequent series.
The appeal of ‘Do It Yourself’ orthodontic aligners: A YouTube analysis
Authors: Collins Megan , Luc Darwin , Karadeniz Ersan , Petocz Peter , Flores-Mir Carlos , Karadeniz Carmen
Published: October 2021

Objective: The present study aimed to determine how the popularity of ‘Do It Yourself’ (DIY) aligner videos available on YouTube relates to authorship, video content, quality and reliability, and to determine why DIY aligners appeal to consumers.

Methods: The Google Trends website was interrogated to identify the most frequently used search terms regarding DIY aligners which were subsequently applied to a search of the YouTube website. One hundred twenty-three videos were assessed for completeness of content, reliability (using a modified version of the DISCERN tool) and quality using the Global Quality Score (GQS). The relationship between the variables and authorship, popularity, financial interest, and recommendations were assessed using Pearson Correlation Coefficients.

Results: Laypeople produced the majority of the videos (73%). Dentists/Orthodontists uploaded only 4% of the videos, and dental professional bodies uploaded none. Most videos (86%) were content poor, unreliable (average DISCERN score of 1) and of low quality (average GQS of 2). The more popular, reliable and superior the quality of the video, the greater the number of views, likes and viewing rate (p < 0.05). Conversely, authors with a financial interest and lower quality and less reliable videos were more likely to recommend DIY aligners. Consumers sought DIY aligner treatment due to a reduced cost.

Conclusions: YouTube should not be considered as a viable nor reliable source of DIY aligner information for patients or the public. Dentists/Orthodontists should be encouraged to publish comprehensive and more informative YouTube content related to DIY aligners.
Oxygen-fugacity evolution of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in East Kunlun: Insights from Cr-spinel composition
Authors: Jia Lihui , Chen Yi , Su Bin , Mao Qian , Zhang Di
Published: October 2021

In this study, we use Cr-spinel as an efficient indicator to evaluate the oxygen fugacity evolution of the Xiarihamu Ni-Cu deposit and the Shitoukengde non-mineralized intrusion. Oxygen fugacity is calculated using an olivine-spinel oxybarometer, with spinel Fe3+/ΣFe ratios determined by a secondary standard calibration method using an electron microprobe. Cr-spinel Fe3+/ΣFe ratios of the Xiarihamu Ni-Cu deposit vary from 0.32 ± 0.09 to 0.12 ± 0.01, corresponding to magma fO2 values ranging from ΔQFM+2.2 ± 1.0 to ΔQFM-0.6 ± 0.2. By contrast, those of the Shitoukengde mafic-ultramafic intrusion increase from 0.07 ± 0.02 to 0.23 ± 0.04, corresponding to magma fO2 varying from ΔQFM-1.3 ± 0.3 to ΔQFM+1.0 ± 0.5. A positive correlation between fO2 and Cr-spinel Fe3+/ΣFe ratios suggests that the Cr-spinel Fe3+/ΣFe ratios can be used as an indicator for magma fO2. The high fO2 (QFM+2.2) of the harzburgite in the Xiarihamu Ni-Cu deposit suggests that the most primitive magma was characterized by relatively oxidized conditions, and then became reduced during magmatic evolution, causing S saturation and sulfide segregation to form the Xiarihamu Ni-Cu deposit. The evolution trend of the magma fO2 can be reasonably explained by metasomatism in mantle source by subduction-related fluid and addition of external reduced sulfur from country gneisses (1.08–1.14 wt% S) during crustal processes. Conversely, the primitive magma of the Shitoukengde intrusion was reduced and gradually became oxidized (from QFM-1.3 to QFM+1.0) during crystallization. Fractional crystallization of large amounts of Cr-spinel can reasonably explain the increasing magma fO2 during magmatic evolution, which would hamper sulfide precipitation in the Shitoukengde intrusion. We propose that the temporal evolution of oxygen fugacity of the mantle-derived magma can be used as one of the indicators for evaluating metallogenic potential of Ni-Cu sulfide deposits and the reduction processes from mantle source to shallow crust play an important role in the genesis of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits.
Mermaids, Mere-Maids and No Maids: Mermaid place names and folklore in Britain
Authors: Young Simon
Published: October 2021

Fifty mermaid place names relating to landscape features have been identified in Britain (including the Isle of Man). The names are attested from the 16th to the 21st Century: some are extremely well documented, while others have only passing written references. Taken together these names allow us to distinguish different folklore traditions in different parts of the island. For instance, there is a freshwater ‘mere-maid’ in eastern England; and a more familiar marine mermaid attested in the southwest of England. There are also – just as interestingly – large areas of Britain for which no mermaid place names are recorded. The article concludes with a reflection on the ‘Archetypal Modern Mermaid’ (AMM) that dominated in British culture by the 1800s.
“Distinct Characters of Their Own”: Mermaids in late 19th-mid 20th Century Australian children’s fiction
Authors: Mitchell Marea
Published: October 2021

While mermaids have been found all around the world, their literary and cultural representations are traditionally associated with Europe. Recently attention has been paid to the particular resonance of mer-folk narratives in specifically Australian contexts. Hayward, Floyd, Snell, Organ and Callaway have drawn attention to examples of mer-worlds that directly intersect with and comment on Australian environments. Beginning in the late 19th Century, predominantly women writers relocate mermen and mermaids to explore relationships between land and sea, city and bush that have local resonance for young readers. These stories are often accompanied by rich illustrations designed to appeal to young imaginations. This note comments on three writers whose work relates mer-cultures to Australia: J.M Whitfield, Pixie O’Harris and Harriet Stephens, along with their illustrators, G.W Lambert, Ida Rentoul Outhwaite and O’Harris herself.
Mermaid Toponyms in the West Indies: Traditional and non-traditional names
Authors: Young Simon
Published: October 2021

The study brings together fourteen landscape place names with the element ‘mermaid’ from the West Indies. The locations range from a coastal cave in Bermuda, in the north, to an inland pool in Trinidad, in the south. Some of these names are linked to regional folklore; some are arguably confected names invented, for instance, to encourage tourism. The author asks what markers can help us distinguish between folklore and confected names and ends with a list of other mermaid place names in Africa, the Pacific and America that might have their origins in indigenous or colonial era folklore.
From Sailor Traps to Tourist Traps: Mermaid-Themed Tourism Destinations in the United States of America
Authors: Scribner Vaughn
Published: October 2021

Beginning in the mid-19th Century, American boosters, business owners, and city planners fostered various mermaid-themed/named destinations. In doing so, these men and women contributed to the modern American tourism complex, which relied upon Americans’ efforts to commodify the natural world for market purposes and, in turn, distinguish their locales among a burgeoning network of tourist destinations. This article details 19th Century attempts to mermaid brand particular locations and, subsequently, the development of mermaid themed tourist attractions in the 20th and early 21st centuries.