bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Intersectionality Help with Understanding and Tackling Health Inequalities? Perspectives of Professional Stakeholders
Authors: Holman Daniel , Salway Sarah , Bell Andrew , Beach Brian , Adebajo Adewale , Ali Nuzhat , Butt Jabeer
Published: July 2022

Background: The concept of ‘intersectionality’ is increasingly employed within public health arenas, particularly in North America, and is often heralded as offering great potential to advance health inequalities research and action. Given persistently poor progress towards tackling health inequalities, and recent calls to reframe this agenda in the UK and Europe, the possible contribution of intersectionality deserves attention. Yet, no existing research has examined professional stakeholder understandings and perspectives on applying intersectionality to this field. In this paper we seek to address that gap. Methods: drawing upon a consultation survey and workshop undertaken in the UK. The survey included both researchers (n=53) and practitioners (n=20) with varied roles and levels of engagement in research and evaluation. Topics included: familiarity with the term and concept ‘intersectionality’, relevance to health inequalities work, and issues shaping its uptake. Respondents were also asked to comment on two specific policy suggestions; targeting and tailoring interventions to intersectional sub-groups, and evaluating the intersectional effects of policies. 23 people attended the face-to-face workshop. The aims of the workshop were to: share examples of applying intersectionality within health inequalities research and practice; understand the views of research and practice colleagues on potential contributions and challenges; and identify potential ways to promote intersectional approaches Results: Findings indicated a generally positive response to the concept and a cautiously optimistic assessment that intersectional approaches could be valuable. However, opinions were mixed and various challenges were raised, especially around whether intersectionality research is necessarily critical and transformative and, accordingly, how it should be operationalised methodologically. Nonetheless, there was general agreement that intersectionality is concerned with diverse inequalities and the systems of power that shape them. Conclusions: In the UK health inequalities policy and practice context there are a number of potential ways forward for intersectionality in helping to understand and tackle such inequalities.
Rapor Edilmeyen Sızıntıların Yönetiminde Aktif Kaçak Kontrolünün Planlanması ve Sahada Uygulanması
Authors: FIRAT Mahmut , YILDIRIM Mustafa
Published: July 2022

Dağıtım sistemlerinde sızıntıların önemli bir kısmını yüzeye çıkmayan arızalar oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yüzeye çıkmayan arızaların yönetilmesi ve azaltılmasında aktif kaçak kontrolü metodolojisi önerilmiş ve sahada uygulanarak sonuçlar tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Malatya ili merkez dağıtım sisteminde pilot uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bir idarede bu metodolojinin uygulanması ve sistemin işletmeye alınması için çeşitli veri tabanları geliştirilmiş ve yol haritaları önerilmiştir. Sahada yapılan çalışmalarda 3 pilot izole bölgede minimum gece debileri izlenmiş, potansiyel önlenebilir sızıntılar hesaplanmış ve akustik yöntemlerle yeri belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda 3 pilot bölgede toplam 38 adet yüzeye çıkmayan sızıntı noktası belirlenmiş, onarılmış ve bunun sonucunda 3 bölgede toplamda 35 l/s debi sisteme kazandırılmıştır. Bu debinin azaltılmasıyla sırasıyla 3023 m3/gün, 90720 m3/ay ve 1088640 m3/yıl hacim sisteme kazandırılmıştır. Aktif kaçak kontrolünün uygulanması ile önemli oranda su verimliliği sağlanmıştır. Özellikle terfili sistemlerde bu hacimlerin önlenmesi ile enerji tüketimleri de azaltılmış olacaktır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmadan elde edilen çıktıların özellikle uygulayıcılar için önemli referans oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.
Sanayi Kaynaklı Noktasal Emisyonların Hava Kalitesine Katkısı: Kayseri İli Örneği
Authors: İPEK Zeynep , UYANIK İbrahim
Published: July 2022

Bu çalışmada Kayseri İl Merkezinde endüstriyel amaçlı enerji üretim tesislerine ait enerji santrallerinin hava kirliliğine katkısı araştırılmıştır. Bu nedenle, Kayseri İli’nde 2015-2019 yılları arasındaki 5 (beş) yıllık dönemde sanayide kullanılan doğalgazın yanı sıra, endüstriyel enerji temini için kömür kullanan santrallerden alınan verilerle emisyon miktarları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu kaynakların, hava kirliliğine katkıları da Ulusal Hava Kalitesi İzleme Ağı verileriyle yıllık bazda ayrıca değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, emisyon miktarları ile kirletici konsantrasyonlarının yıllık bazdaki birbiriyle ilişkisi Pearson korelasyonu ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma süresi olan 2015-2019 yıllarını kapsayan 5 yıllık süre zarfında toplam PM (partiküler madde), SO2 ve NOx parametreleri için hesaplanan emisyon miktarları sırasıyla; 1.540 ton, 500 ton ve 10.328 ton şeklindedir. PM, SO2 ve NOx parametreleri için hesaplanan emisyon miktarları (ton/yıl) sonucunda üç kirleticinin emisyon yüzdeleri sırası ile %14, %4 ve %82 şeklindedir. Endüstrilerde enerji santrallerinde kullanılan kömür ile sanayide kullanılan doğalgazın Kayseri İli hava kirliliğine katkısı karşılaştırıldığında, bu parametrelere, PM %89, SO2 %97 ve NOx %62 ile en fazla katkıyı kömürün yaptığı görülmüştür. 2015 yılından 2019 yılına doğru gerçekleşen PM10 konsantrasyonlarında azalma ve NOx konsantrasyonlarındaki artışın, kentte doğalgaz kullanımının artması ile ilişkili olabileceği, endüstriyel doğalgaz ve kömür kullanımı ile SO2 konsantrasyonlarındaki değişimin ilişkilendirilemediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Sanayi tesislerinde enerji eldesi için kömür kullanımı kaynaklı NOx emisyon miktarlarının NOx konsantrasyonu ile yüksek korelasyona sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonraki çalışmalarda evsel kaynaklı kömür ve doğalgaz kullanımının da belirlenmesiyle her bir noktasal kaynağın hava kirliliğine katkısı belirlenebilir.
Assessment of Halonitromethanes Formation Potentials Under Different Disinfection Scenarios in Low SUVA Water
Authors: KAPLAN BEKAROĞLU Şehnaz Şule , GENISOGLU Sebnem , ÖZGÜR Cihan
Published: July 2022

The main objective of this project is to investigate the formation of halonitromethanes, an emerging class of disinfection by-products (DBPs) identified in drinking waters in recent years, which are currently unregulated but highly toxic. Halonitromethanes formation potentials tests were investigated under five different disinfection conditions in Egirdir Lake with low specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) value. The results showed that ozone/chlorine formed the highest halonitromethanes followed by in the order of ozone/chloramine and chlorine only. When chloramine or ozone were used alone, the halonitromethanes concentration was below the minimum detection limits. The highest halonitromethanes was determined 2.5 µg/L for ozone /chlorine scenario and the lowest halonitromethanes concentration was 1.7 µg/L in ozone /chlorine scenario. In the ozone/chlorine scenario, a dramatic decrease for halonitromethane formation was detected from spring to winter. Chloropicrin has been the only measurable halonitromethanes species. In the correlation analysis between halonitromethanes and water quality parameters, the highest correlation was found between halonitromethanes and dissolved organic nitrogen. Besides dissolved organic nitrogen, different organic/inorganic compounds and disinfectants also contribute to the formation of halonitromethanes. These results can be used to control the formation of N-DBPs in the disinfection of low SUVA waters.
Determining the Factors Affecting Air Quality in Marmara, Turkey, and Assessing it Using Air Quality Indices
Authors: YENER İsmet , DEMİRARSLAN Kazım Onur
Published: July 2022

Air pollution due to anthropogenic activities is currently one of the most important problems faced worldwide. This study aimed to determine the associations between air quality and spatial, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors while evaluating air quality using the air stress index (ASI) and the daily air quality (DAQx) scale. The annual mean levels of CO, NOx, O3, PM 2.5, PM10 and SO2 in the region were 718.6, 39.5, 44.4, 25.5, 51.3, and 9.9 μg/m3, respectively. While anthropogenic variables mostly affected NOx (r=0.56 to 0.64) and O3 (r=-0.34 to 0.64), meteorological (r=-0.38 to 0.45) and spatial factors (r=-0.41 to -0.65) mostly affected particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). CO and SO2, on the other hand, were affected by all types of variables at varying directions and rates. The mean ASI and DAQx values of 2.1 and 4.3 indicated that the air quality in the region exhibited distinct air stress and sufficient air quality, respectively. The findings and outcomes could contribute to understanding and evaluating the air quality in the region and could be used as a base for further studies.
Sel Afetlerinde Acil Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Organizasyonu ve Yaşanan Sorunlar: Hopa Örneği
Authors: TOPRUŞ Kemal , BOSTAN Sedat
Published: July 2022

24 Ağustos 2015 tarihinde meydana gelen Hopa sel afeti, maddi kayıpların yanı sıra çok sayıda yaralanmaya, 3 kişinin sel sularında kaybolmasına ve 8 kişinin de hayatını kaybetmesine yol açmıştır. Afet meydana geldiğinde medikal kurtarma ekipleri afet sahasına ulaşana kadar afetzedeler kendi imkânları ile baş etmek durumundadır. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmamızda, Hopa sel afetinde acil sağlık hizmetlerinin organizasyonu, organizasyonda ortaya çıkan sorunların tespit edilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Hopa sel afetinde görev almış, Ulusal Medikal Kurtarma Ekip (UMKE) liderlerine yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği uygulanmıştır. Çalışma verileri incelendiğinde; ekiplerin afet sahasına 3-6 saat aralığında ulaştığı, ilk kurtarma işleminin afetzedeler tarafından gerçekleştirildiği ve yaralıların kendi imkânlarıyla hastaneye ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. Koordinasyon ve uygulama eksikliği ile afetzedelerin su ve yemek ihtiyaçlarının sağlık ekibi tarafından karşılanması isteğinin yönetimsel açıdan sorun oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Afette görev alan ekip sayısının yeterli olduğu, araç-gereç ve tıbbi lojistiğin yeterince sağlandığı, ekiplerin canla başla ve uyum içinde çalıştığı tespit edilmiştir.
ASSESSMENT OF MARITAL VISITATION CHALLENGES OF MARRIED COUPLES DURING IMPRISONMENT AT SODO CORRECTIONAL CENTRE, WOLAITA ZONE, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Mesfin (MA) Sitotaw , Zeleke (PhD) Tesfaye , Wonde (MA) Dereje
Published: July 2022

Correctional centers are admitting prisoners with reformative and rehabilitative services to make attitudinal and behavioral changes. Nevertheless, the rising number of prisoners makes correctional centers the place to learn more sophisticated crimes and prisons as industrial complexes. In visitation programs, the role of spouses is essential to maintaining marital relationships among prisoners and their spouses. However, very little research has been conducted on the challenges of imprisoned married couples during marital visitation. This study was aimed to assessmarital visitation challenges of married couples during imprisonment at Sodo correctional center. The study employed mixed research methods. The research employed cross-sectional and case study research designs. Thus, the research employed purposive and simple random sampling techniques for data collection. The collected data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The research found prisoners were emotional satisfied from marital visitations which continue and strengthening marital relationship during imprisonment. The pattern of frequency of visitation shows that the mostly visited prisoners by their spouses had high emotional attachments. But, marital visitation was continuously encountered by various problems, such as a lack of space for mass visitation, the absence of a private room for marital visitation, overcrowding of visitors, less time given for visitation, and lack of privacy to discuss marital issues, which hampered the effectiveness of visitation programs. Therefore, the limitations of the visitation procedure necessitate a high level of commitment from the concerned body, unless the prison system will continue to be the source of social dysfunction.
EFFECT OF LDPE/CR ADMIXTURE ON THE PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS BINDER USED IN PAVING APPLICATIONS
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, J. V. Jain College, Saharanpur-247001, India., Kumar Lokesh
Published: July 2022

A plastic-elastomer admixture was prepared by blending the recycled low density polyethylene (LDPE) and crumb rubber (CR) recycled from wasted tyres in the presence of tall oil. They are blended in two ratios 1:2 and 1:3, LDPE/CR respectively. In this study two wasted materials, LDPE and CR were taken to improve the properties of base bitumen binder. The CR in the form of powder having particle size less than 0.7 mm, was used blended with melted bitumen at 160-1700C with the help of high speed shear mixer for 1 hour. In the same manner the different compositions were made 3, 5, 8 and 12 percent by weight of LDPE, CR and LDPE/CR combination in both ratios 1:2 & 1:3. These modified blends are characterized in terms of penetration, softening point and viscosity, which found better as compared to base bitumen. The most suitable results are obtained when LDPE, CR and LDPE/CR were used below 8% by weight. The elastic recovery test of 8% by weight of LDPE/CR in the ratio 1:3 meets the requirement of specification and this composition is best suited to be for road constructions.
A STUDY OF SHORT TERM EFFECT OF YOGA, PRANAYAMA AND DHYANA ON ANXIETY SCORE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors:   Assistant Professor of physiology, S.V. Medical College, Tirupati., Nazia Farha Mohammed , Sultana M.P. ,   Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Siddharatha Medical College, Vijayawada., Subhadra S. ,   Assistant Professor of Physiology, S.V. Medical College, Tirupati.
Published: July 2022

Medical student is in a new state of challenging and stressful environment. Beyond certain levels, however, continuous exposure to stress may negatively impact their physical and mental health. Yoga is an ancient science and art of exercise, associated with a set of practices which are made to promote the health and well-being through the integration of the body, breath, and the mind and at spiritual level yoga creates happiness and peace with oneself. The following study was conducted in1st MBBS students of ACSR Government medical college to study the effects of short term yoga on anxiety score. Feedback in the form of proformawas takenfrom thestudents to know their attitude towards yoga and how it had been benefited them.60 students of First MBBS with in the age group of 17-19 yrs were voluntarily participated in this study. The students recruited for the study underwentthe following program for 1 hour, daily for 8weeks. The sessions included Yogasanas 40 min , Pranayama 15 min andDhyana 10 min. Data were collected using sociodemographic status that includes name, age, religion, level of education, address and two self reportedquestionnaires.Anxiety and stress were measured using Spielberger Stateâ€‘Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires, respectively. The mean PSS scores and STAI of the participants after intervention was reduced and were are statistically significant.
HIGH FACTOR VIII AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Hematopathology Registrar, King Fahd Hospital, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia., Agasimani Priyanka , Talal Abulkhair Yasmeen ,   Consultant hematopathologist, King Fahd Hospital, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Published: July 2022

High factor VIII is the risk factor for venous thrombosis and coronary artery disease. Here we are presenting a case of coronary artery disease with high Factor VIII. Thrombophilia screening does not include screening of factor VIII. By this study we come to the conclusion that high factor VIII is one of the risk factor of thrombosis and should be considered as one of the test for screening patients with thrombosis.
SEXUAL LIFE DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER CHILDBIRTH:A SURVEY OF 540 WOMEN IN MOROCCO
Authors:   NationalSchoolofPublicHealthRabatMorocco., Hababa Hanane , Assarag Bouchra ,   NationalSchoolofPublicHealthRabatMorocco.
Published: July 2022

Aims: To measure the impact of pregnancy and postpartum on the womans sexualityon the womans sexuality and on the couples life by using the measurement tools for less severe maternal morbidity proposed by the WHO in 2018 at the level of the prefecture of Marrakech. Methods:The analysis focused on self-reported and test-diagnosed maternal morbidities in general and sexuality in particular.This study involved 540 pregnant and postpartum women at primary health care facilities. Results: For the two groups of prenatal and postnatal consultation women, the average age was 30 years, the proportion of women having their first child was 14.10% -14.43% in the two urban and rural groups, compared to those with between 2 and 4 children (+76% in both groups). No woman reported a stillbirth. In rural areas (99.01% of CPNs, 97.94% of CPoNs) and in urban areas (98.08% of CPNs, 100% of CPoNs), most women reported being married, compared to only 1.56% in CPNs and 2% in CPoNs. Who said they had no husband. Urban women were the least likely to be illiterate (32.05% in CPN and CPoN against 38.61 in CPN and 51.55 in CPoN, in rural areas). While most women were unemployed (90.66% in CPN and 94.47% in CPoN), the percentage of employed women in urban areas is higher than in rural areas (12.82% in CPN and 8.97% in CPoN, against 3.96 % in CPN and 3.96% also in CPoN). Conclusion:Based on these findings, the approach supports the appropriateness of implementing sexuality measurement in prenatal and postnatal care to improve the quality of care for women and to promote communication and continuity of care. However, time, resource, and coordination constraints must be considered for implementation at the primary care level.
LIP CANCER: DEFECT RECONSTRUCTION CHALLENGE (A REVIEW OF 6 CASE)
Authors:   Assistant Professor and Head of the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Center for Burned Patients, CHU Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco., Adil Dehhaze , Otmane Taybi ,   Resident, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Center for Burned Patients, CHU Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco., Issam Diher ,   Resident, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Center for Burned Patients, CHU Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco., Nada-Imane Daghouri ,   Resident, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Center for Burned Patients, CHU Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco., Rim Labbaci ,   Assistant Professor and Head of the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Center for Burned Patients, CHU Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco., a Echmilimouad ,   Resident, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Center for Burned Patients, CHU Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco., Hanae Tazi ,   Resident, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Center for Burned Patients, CHU Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco., Sara Tita ,   Resident, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Center for Burned Patients, CHU Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, Morocco.
Published: July 2022

Lip cancer is a frequent tumor of the head and neck region. Surgery is the treatment of choice for most of these cancers. Although there are several strategies to reconstruct lip tumors after tumor ablation this reconstruction is a challenge for the plastic surgeon. A retrospective review of the patients treated for lip cancer in the plastic reconstructive and esthetic Surgery Department of CHU TTA (Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima), from march 2021 to June 2022. Only patients with histological confirmation of lip cancer were included. All the cases were evaluated for demographic features, tumor characteristics, and lip reconstructive surgery used. There were 4 male and 2 female patients. (4:2 ratio). with an average age of 57 years. the lower lip was the most frequently affected (83%), Most tumors were squamous cell carcinomas in 4 cases (83 %) a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in 1 case (17%), and were located in the lower lip in 4 cases (83 %). Neck dissection was performed in 3 cases (50. Different surgical techniques were used for lip reconstruction after tumor ablation: a V-shaped wedge excision and direct repair was performed in 1 case (17 %) W-shaped wedge excision in 1 case (17%) V-shaped wedge in the upper lip associated with w shaped wedge in the lower lip in one 1 patient (17%) and karapandzic flap is performed for 3 patients (50 %).The most significant aspect of lip cancer surgery is tumor ablation, and that is not affected by the subsequent reconstructive strategy. Careful preoperative assessment and planning will allow the surgeon to reach an acceptable balance between form and function with the reconstruction.
Descubriendo la infraestructura de la red móvil en México utilizando datos colaborativos
Authors: Contreras Potenciano Laura Ivonne , Ovando Chico Catalina , Frías Zoraida
Published: July 2022

Se sabe que el acceso a las telecomunicaciones móviles —y, a través de ellas, al Internet— puede brindar mayor bienestar social. En este sentido, recientemente, dentro del sector de las telecomunicaciones se registró una demanda creciente en el uso y acceso a los servicios. Lo anterior genera la necesidad de que los operadores móviles expandan y aumenten la capacidad de sus redes de telecomunicaciones. Para lograrlo, es importante analizar las estrategias de aumento de capacidad y de cobertura de la infraestructura móvil de los principales operadores móviles. En este estudio, se realizó un análisis longitudinal de la densidad de los nodos por área geográfica a nivel municipal. También se analizaron los cuatro principales operadores móviles con red en México, a partir de datos colaborativos (crowdsourced data). Los datos se filtraron por tecnología LTE y se realizó una correspondencia entre los nodos y las bandas de frecuencia utilizadas por cada operador. Se analizaron las estrategias de aumento de capacidad de la red de los operadores y el porcentaje de uso de las bandas de frecuencia que cada operador tiene asignadas. Como resultado, se obtuvo que los principales operadores móviles con red en México han seguido una estrategia de cobertura similar. En los datos analizados no se encontró una correlación positiva entre la densidad de nodos y las características tecnológicas de las bandas de frecuencia. Se sugiere invertir en infraestructura nueva para el despliegue de nuevas tecnologías, y fomentar la cobertura móvil en zonas rurales. Por último, se recomienda facilitar a los operadores la arrendación de bandas en diversas frecuencias que permitan aprovechar las características tecnológicas de las mismas, mediante costos alineados al mercado internacional.
Body condition score at lambing did not affect the resumption of ovarian and estrous activity in lactating Pelibuey ewes
Authors: Orozco Durán Karlos Edmundo , Segura Correa José , Herrera Ojeda Jessica , Herrera Camacho José , Bottini Luzardo María Benedicta
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) at lambing over the resumption of ovarian and estrous postpartum activity in lactating Pelibuey ewes. Twenty ewes were assigned to two groups, according to the BCS at lambing: Low BCS (LBC, n = 10) and High BCS (HBC, n = 10). Ovarian and estrous activities were daily monitored from day 3 postpartum until the first estrous or 90 days postpartum. Continuous variables were analyzed using Student´s t test and binary responses with the exact Fisher test. No significant effect of BCS at lambing on ewes in estrous, lambing to first estrous interval, estrous length, and estrous cycle length, preovulatory follicles at estrous, the maximum follicular diameter at estrous day or ovulation rate was observed. However, the lambing to first preovulatory follicle interval was shorter in the HBC group (HBC = 6.2 ± 2.6 vs LBC = 10.8 ± 4.5 d; P < 0.05). The lambing to first corpus luteum intervals were similar between groups, but without estrous expression. The function of the first corpus luteum postpartum was similar in both groups. BCS at lambing did not affect the resumption of ovarian and estrous activity postpartum in lactating Pelibuey ewes.
Eğitim ve Suç Arasındaki İlişkinin Sosyolojik Analizi
Authors: SEZER Sergender , KAHYA Orhan , YILDIRIM Kasım
Published: July 2022

Suçla ilgili kuramların ve yapılan ampirik araştırmaların çoğunda eğitim değişkenisuçu açıklayan önemli faktörlerden biri olarak ortaya konulmaktadır. Buna göre,eğitimin niteliği ve kalitesi arttıkça suç işleme eğiliminde bir düşüşgözlemlenmektedir. Öte yandan “suçun”, eğitimin olumlu etkilerini azalttığı ifadeedilmektedir. Bu makalede, bir yandan eğitim ve suç arasındaki ilişki TürkiyeCumhuriyeti Devleti’nin resmi Adalet İstatistikleri de göz önünde bulundurularaktartışılmakta diğer yandan konunun sosyolojik boyutunu kuramsal olarakaçıklamak amaçlanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla makalede eğitim ile suç arasındakiilişkinin çeşitli yönleriyle tartışılmasının yanı sıra, bu ilişkiyi anlamlandırmayakatkı sağlayabilecek suçla ilgili kuramlara özetle yer verilmektedir. Bu çalışmadaulaşılan bilimsel literatür doğrultusunda eğitim ve suç arasındaki ilişki sosyolojikolarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan sosyolojik analiz doğrultusunda hem uluslararasıliteratür hem de suç teorileri açısından eğitim-suç ilişkisine bakıldığında insanisermayeye yatırım yapılması önem arz etmektedir. Özetle eğitimin nitelikli, eşit veerişilebilir olması özellikle dezavantajlı durumda olan, suç çevresinde yaşayan hemsuça itilme hem de suç mağduru olma riski olan çocuklar ve bireyler için birkurtuluş olabilir
Blockchain Framework for Data Storage and Security
Authors: Azeez Syed Salman , Sinha Vivaswat , Singh Sachin , Goel Aarti
Published: July 2022

In this age of sensitive information where knowledge is power, our data has
become an invaluable resource. Easy and public access to information makes it
vulnerable to adulteration. The ever-increasing cases of cyber-attacks are causing
organizations to spend an exorbitant amount on security. General cloud storage systems
are considered efficient for data storage and sharing, but it has multiple limitations such
as data centralization, data leakage, and high maintenance cost. Data centralization
makes it a hotspot for cyber-attacks, making it prone to data outflows and tampering.
An effective alternative is a decentralized system. With advancements in information
technology and cyber security, the need for authenticity and verification is highly
sought after, making blockchain technology an extremely indispensable tool in the
hands of many organizations and enterprises. It solves the problem of security by
encrypting its data storing it as a “Hash” or encoded data so that only the user with the
key can access the data. The finance sector is being overwhelmed by the ever increasing reliability of blockchain and the implementation of its framework and
architecture. Blockchain is a distributed ledger system across a network of users. The
blockchain technology, being decentralized, is proposed as a disseminated and diffused
or distributed approach which is testified to decipher and decode the security
requirements of the new digital era as well as serve as a platform and a jump pad for
advancements in various other fields such as Internet of Things (IoT), data storage,
biometric security, healthcare facilities, smart grids, and many more.
This chapter begins with a basic outline of all you need to know about blockchain, an
upcoming evolutionary technology that ameliorates the world of data decentralization
and security. It further explains its use, features, areas of implementation, architecture,
as well as its limitations that are detrimental to be cognizant of how the blockchain
system works/is implemented. It then explores P2P networks and interplanetary file
systems (IPFS) followed by its current use cases in the form of Filecoin. Next, the
chapter explores the privacy and security aspects of the blockchain. It showcases some
of the faults of blockchain ledgers like Sybil and discusses some techniques that are
implemented to fix them. It discusses bitcoin, one of the most secure blockchain
architecture to date, and describes private and public keys, peer to peer network,
hash.  chained storage, digital signature, and consensus algorithms implemented by bitcoin to
prevent any fraudulent transactions from taking place.
Blockchain in Smart Healthcare Facility
Authors: Singh Ayush Kumar , Nipunika Bentham Science Publisher , Sharma Deepak Kumar
Published: July 2022

Healthcare is an indispensable system whose efficiency and robustness are
reliable indicators of a nation's prosperity. This sector has seen technological
advancements not only in terms of medical equipment and drugs but also in varied
fields such as Electronic Medical Records, wearable health monitoring devices, and
telemedicine. In this chapter, we explore the aspects of utilising the disruptive
technology of blockchain in healthcare. Ever since its initial use in cryptocurrency and
finance, aiming to shift the industry from institute-centric to patient-centric, blockchain
technology has found its use in healthcare. This chapter analyzes its use cases along
with the limitations posed by traditional healthcare systems and how blockchain
alleviates them. Furthermore, we will also walk through the roadblocks in
implementing blockchain-based healthcare services and discuss a few implemented as
well as proposed blockchain-based healthcare frameworks, highlighting their successes
and failures.
Monitoring combination of intermittent auscultation and palpation of contractions on oxygen saturation of newborns
Authors: Fitria Fitria , Ahmad Mardiana , Hatijar Hatijar , Argaheni Niken Bayu , Susanti Neny Yuli
Published: July 2022

Babies who have problems and oxygen saturation is one of the things that must be maintained in newborns when low oxygen saturation causes hemodynamic disorders in infants that can cause congenital heart defects. This study aims to determine the differences in the results of the oxygen saturation test (SpO2) in newborns whose mothers were monitored using the combination method of intermittent auscultation and palpation of contractions with mothers who used cardiotocography and also to see the difference in the average SpO2 of normal and SC infants. The research method was observational with a cross sectional approach on 36 newborns in 2 groups, namely 18 whose mothers were monitored by the combination method and 18 were monitored by cardiotocography. BBL SpO2 examination using a pulse oximeter. The average SpO2 of BBL monitored using a combination and cardiotocography did not differ (P = 0.887 > 0.05). Conclusion: There is no difference in the results of the examination of oxygen saturation (SpO2) BBL in the results of monitoring the combination of intermittent auscultation and palpation to CTG monitoring.
Mechanism and Dissemination of High Quality Vegetable Cultivation Technique Using Local Wood Biomass and Filamentous Fungi
Authors: Miyazawa Kae
Published: July 2022

Associate Professor Kae Miyazawa is investigating a new farming method called "Radical Carbon Farming”. Miyazawa heads up her own laboratory within the Laboratory of Global Plant Resource Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan. She and her team discovered that some farmers had
succeeded in increasing yield and quality by applying wood chips without fertilisers or pesticides and conducted field surveys that revealed that filamentous fungi were dominating, the soil was free of traces of hardpan layers, and vegetables were growing large. This led Miyazawa to attempt
to reproduce these outcomes and, over time, began to gain a sense of where to pay attention to grow fungi in the field. To date, the researchers' experiments have demonstrated that the radical carbon farming method softens the hardpan layer and increases the yield of vegetables, along
with improvements in vegetable quality. Miyazawa and the team hypothesise that in radical carbon farming, filamentous fungi prevent the excessive release of inorganic nitrogen even in summer, thereby enabling high-quality leafy vegetables to be cultivated. The researchers intend to collaborate
with other agricultural researchers, along with fields such as environmental psychology, neuroscience, and economics and, ultimately, usher in a future where human activities such as agriculture enrich rather than damage the global environment.
Better understanding the exposome in order to maintain human health
Authors: Minamiyama Yukiko , Takemura Shigekazu , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Yoshikawa Toshikazu
Published: July 2022

Cumulative exposure to environmental factors and chemicals can be damaging to human health. A new concept called the exposome refers to the totality of exposures and their impact on health. Professor Yukiko Minamiyama, Food Hygiene and Environmental Health Division of Applied Life Science,
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, is exploring how lifestyle factors could reduce exposure and maintain human health and also how certain lifestyle changes could control or avoid chronic oxidative stress. She and her team are delving deeper into
the concept of the exposome and chronic oxidative stress to enhance understanding and facilitate informed, beneficial changes for humankind. Minamiyama is collaborating with a leading researcher on oxidative stress Dr Toshikazu Yoshikawa, Dr Hiroshi Ichikawa of Doshisha University School of
Life and Medical Sciences and Dr Shigekazu Takemura of Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine. Minamiyama and the team believe controlling free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can prevent or improve diseases. Although food additives are unavoidable, Minamiyama
believes that consuming antioxidants could help reduce oxidative stress and disease. In one study , the researchers investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of food additives on the male rat brain and sperm/testes, with an emphasis on oxidative stress and found that the food additive
stevioside induced ROS production in sperm and resulted in sperm dysfunction. They also discovered that treatment with the antioxidant alpha-tocopherol significantly improved oxidative stress.
What the welfare‐agriculture cooperation can inherit from the farmer‐consumer partnership movement for exchanges of organic produce: on‐site implementation and international sharing of its outcome
Authors: Tsunashima Hiroyuki
Published: July 2022

The challenges of modern society, combined with global crises, are impacting countries across the globe, with many people experiencing financial difficulties of varying severity. Dr Hiroyuki Tsunashima, Urban Resilience Research Center, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan, has been
leading a project that may contribute to alleviating this situation by linking the lack of workers in agriculture with social welfare. The idea is that the agricultural sector, which is in need of workers, can offer job opportunities to those excluded from the existing labour market. The Japanese
Government is now also looking to enhance the agriculture-welfare partnership. The target population is those with different types of social disadvantages, while the practitioners are farmers or social welfare organisations seeking to offer opportunities to vulnerable people. These clients
can then work on farms under the supervision of staff members from social welfare organisations. Tsunashima places emphasis on holistic practices, encouraging his participants to enjoy the growth of the crops they are tending to. This comprises a process of autonomous skill acquisition in
relation to farm work, according to the model which Tsunashima and the team developed. Drawing from a movement called Teikei, a system of community-supported agriculture in Japan, the process will be facilitated through the medium of food, if a description of the experiences of farmer-consumer
partnerships provides participants with a clearer understanding about the consumer demands.
Klein wonen in ruimtelijke gebieden
Authors: Timmers Roos
Published: July 2022

De afgelopen vijf jaar zijn tiny houses sterk gestegen in populariteit, maar vanwege schaarse ruimte is in de stad weinig plek voor deze woonvorm. Biedt het platteland meer kansen voor woonpioniers?
Transforming Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Precision Public Health: Open Guidelines for Manufacturers and Users
Authors: Lubell-Doughtie Peter , Bhatt Shiven , Wong Roger , Shankar Anuraj H
Published: July 2022

Background

Precision public health (PPH) can maximize impact by targeting surveillance and interventions by temporal, spatial, and epidemiological characteristics. Although rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have enabled ubiquitous point-of-care testing in low-resource settings, their impact has been less than anticipated, owing in part to lack of features to streamline data capture and analysis.

Objective

We aimed to transform the RDT into a tool for PPH by defining information and data axioms and an information utilization index (IUI); identifying design features to maximize the IUI; and producing open guidelines (OGs) for modular RDT features that enable links with digital health tools to create an RDT-OG system.

Methods

We reviewed published papers and conducted a survey with experts or users of RDTs in the sectors of technology, manufacturing, and deployment to define features and axioms for information utilization. We developed an IUI, ranging from 0% to 100%, and calculated this index for 33 World Health Organization–prequalified RDTs. RDT-OG specifications were developed to maximize the IUI; the feasibility and specifications were assessed through developing malaria and COVID-19 RDTs based on OGs for use in Kenya and Indonesia.

Results

The survey respondents (n=33) included 16 researchers, 7 technologists, 3 manufacturers, 2 doctors or nurses, and 5 other users. They were most concerned about the proper use of RDTs (30/33, 91%), their interpretation (28/33, 85%), and reliability (26/33, 79%), and were confident that smartphone-based RDT readers could address some reliability concerns (28/33, 85%), and that readers were more important for complex or multiplex RDTs (33/33, 100%). The IUI of prequalified RDTs ranged from 13% to 75% (median 33%). In contrast, the IUI for an RDT-OG prototype was 91%. The RDT open guideline system that was developed was shown to be feasible by (1) creating a reference RDT-OG prototype; (2) implementing its features and capabilities on a smartphone RDT reader, cloud information system, and Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources; and (3) analyzing the potential public health impact of RDT-OG integration with laboratory, surveillance, and vital statistics systems.

Conclusions

Policy makers and manufacturers can define, adopt, and synergize with RDT-OGs and digital health initiatives. The RDT-OG approach could enable real-time diagnostic and epidemiological monitoring with adaptive interventions to facilitate control or elimination of current and emerging diseases through PPH.
Risk of de novo hypertensive disorders of pregnancy after exposure to PM1 and PM2.5 from preconception to delivery: a Chinese birth cohort study (Preprint)
Authors: Yuan Zhichao , Wang Hai-Jun , Li Qin , Su Tao , Yang Jie , Chen Junjun , Peng Yuanzhou , Zhou Shuang , Bao Heling , Luo Shusheng , Wang Hui , Liu Jue , Han Na , Guo Yuming , Ji Yuelong
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Particulate matter (PM) is detrimental to the respiratory and circulatory system. However, no study was found evaluating the lag effects of weekly exposure to fine PM from preconception to delivery on the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the lag effect windows of PMs on the risk of HDP in week scale.

METHODS

De novo HDP and normotensive pregnant women in this study were from the Peking University Retrospective Birth Cohort in Tongzhou based on the hospital information system. Meteorological data and fine PM exposure were predicted by satellite remote sensing data based on maternal residential address. De novo HDP group consisted of the pregnant women who diagnosed with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. Fine PM was defined as PM2.5 and PM1. The gestational period of participants was from preconception (-12th gestational week) to delivery (before 42nd gestational week). The distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was nested in Cox regression model to evaluate the lag effects of weekly PM exposure on de novo HDP hazard by controlling the nonlinear relationship of exposure-reaction. Stratified analyzes by employment status (employment, unemployment), education level (higher education, lower education), and parity (primiparity, multiparity) were performed.

RESULTS

A total of 22570 pregnant women (mean age, 29.1 years) were included in this study between 2013 and 2017, and the prevalence of de novo HDP was 6.7%. The findings showed that PM1 and PM2.5 were significantly associated with the elevated hazard of HDP. Exposure to PM1 during the -5th – 6th gestational weeks increased the hazard of HDP. The significant lag effect of PM2.5 was from -1st to 6th gestational weeks. The strongest lag effects of PM1 and PM2.5 on de novo HDP were observed in week 2 and week 6 (HR = 1.024, 95% CI: 1.007-1.042; HR = 1.007, 95% CI: 1.000-1.015, per 10 μg/m3 increase). Stratified analyzes indicated that pregnant women with employment, low education, and primiparity were more vulnerable to PM exposure for de novo HDP.

CONCLUSIONS

Exposure to PM1 and PM2.5 was associated with the risk of de novo HDP. The significant lag windows were between the pre-conceptional period and the first trimester. Women with employment, lower education level or primiparity were more vulnerable to the effects of PMs exposure and should be paid more attention in early prevention of de novo HDP.
Pore Pressure Responses of Liquefied Numerical Sand Columns
Authors: Prakoso Widjojo , Mazaya Dheya , Kartika Rumaisha A.
Published: July 2022

The Palu 28 September 2021 M 7.5 Earthquake has brought several new challenges to the understanding of liquefaction and its following geotechnical phenomena. In addition, that main shock was followed by a series of aftershocks within a short time frame. The common geotechnical conditions of Palu area include layered soils conditions, and the associated variability of geotechnical conditions exists. This paper reports the dynamic effective stress analysis (ESA) study of four different liquefiable layered sand columns, and the above three conditions (layered soils, variability, aftershocks) are explicitly modeled. The dynamic ESA employs the PM4Sand constitutive model for liquefiable sands, implemented in the OpenSees platform. Three ground motion sets (“main shock only”, “main shock plus aftershock”, “aftershock” only) of variable amplitude, single frequency harmonic motions are used. The models are validated by comparing qualitatively their results against laboratory test results and field measurements. The saturated sand layers in all cases subjected to “main shock only” are liquefied with different detailed excess pore pressure (EPP) responses, highlighting the importance of the system response of liquefying sand columns. The cases subjected to “main shock plus aftershock” show a much a longer higher EPP state, while cases subjected to both “main shock plus aftershock” and “aftershock only” indicate a longer liquefaction state during the aftershock. The implication of the longer duration in the higher EPP state and the longer liquefaction state is that a longer duration of lower shear strength conditions would exist. The different EPP responses resulted from different geotechnical conditions represented by the four sand columns suggest that the variability of geotechnical conditions would have an important influence on the system response.
The Performance of Ca(OH)2 to Reduce the Plasticity Index and Increase the Shear Strength Parameter for Expansive Soil
Authors: Kusuma Wardani Mila , Sari Putu Tantri K. , Refionasari Mafrita
Published: July 2022

The design on expansive soils can easily change in volume due to the influence of water content. This makes it necessary to consider soil improvement methods in the planning process to maintain the variation in the water content. One of these methods includes chemical stabilization, which is carried out by adding materials such as cement or lime. In expansive soils, stabilization efforts aim to reduce the plasticity index and increase the shear strength parameters. Therefore, this study focused on the addition of slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) to expansive soil in Lakarsantri, Surabaya. The stabilizing materials used contain calcium to form pozzolan in the clay and increase the bearing capacity parameter, which is variation in shear strength. The soil was taken at 2 points A and B with a different moisture content of 48.57% and 35.12%, as well as a high plasticity index value > 50% using a percentage (Ca(OH)2) of 6%-24% at a certain curing time. Based on the results, the plasticity index in the soil changed from very high to moderate with an optimum percentage value of 6% at 30 days of curing time. The optimum value of soil shear strength is (Ca(OH)2) 6% at 30 days of age in soil A, the cohesion value is 0.02 kg/cm2, and an internal shear angle of 36°. In soil B, the optimum shear strength obtained (Ca(OH)2) was 6% at the age of 10 days with a cohesion value of 0.14 kg/cm2 and an internal shear angle of 23.80°. Therefore, the results of this study show that the parameter of shear strength of the soil from the cohesion value showed that the cohesion value decreased with the addition of Ca(OH)2, while the internal shear angle increased.
A Comparative Study on the Confinement Models of High-Strength Steel Fiber Concrete
Authors: Cholida Nur Fithriani F. , Antonius  , Enggartiasto Lintang
Published: July 2022

Since the last four decades, the behavior of concrete contains of steel fiber, or often called steel fiber concrete, with a wide range of compressive strength has been carried out. Generally, the results of the experimental program produced a material which has a more ductile compared with normal concrete or concrete without fiber. Due to the ductility properties of the material, it is very suitable for use as an earthquake-resistant structural material. At the same time, the behavior of high-strength steel-fiber concrete has also investigated, one of which is about confined high-strength steel-fiber concrete. Analytical models of confined high-strength steel fiber concrete have been developed in various preliminary studies, with their characteristics derived based on the experimental results. Therefore, this research evaluated the models of confined high-strength steel-fiber concrete proposed by Mansur et al., Hsu and Hsu, and Paultre et al. The evaluation includes stress-strain behavior, strength enhancement of confined concrete (f'cc/f'co) or K value, the increase in confined concrete strain (ε'cc/ε'co), and strain of confined concrete when the stress has dropped by 50 percent against its unconfined strain (εcc50/εc50). The comparison method was carried out using a statistical approach and stress-strain simulation. Evaluation results showed significant predictive differences in confinement models in terms of post-peak behavior and parameters ε'cc/ε’co and εcc50/εc50. Prediction of confinement models on the value of f'cc/f’co to the experimental results has a coefficient of variation above 10%. The result further showed that a modified model of confined high-strength steel-fiber concrete was proposed and able to simulate the stress-strain behavior.