bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REPRESENTASI KEKERASAN DALAM NOVEL LAUT BERCERITA KARYA LEILA S. CHUDORI (REPRESENTATION OF VIOLENCE IN LAUT BERCERITA NOVEL BY LEILA S. CHUDORI)
Authors: Rahmi Yulina
Published: October 2021

AbstractRepresentation of Violence in Laut Bercerita Novel by Leila S. Chudori. This study aims to describe the forms of violence and resistance in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori. The description is done by discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysis examines various social forms and their imbalances displayed through text, then relates them to social and political contexts. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach Based on the analysis, there are three types of violence, namely physical, verbal, and bureaucratic violence. The form of physical violence are beatings and torture. The form of verbal violence are to accuse and ridicule. Bureaucratic violence is shown in the form of a prohibition on joining a formal institution for people with a certain background and the prohibition of staging theater or poetry which are considered to carry certain ideologies. Meanwhile, there are two types of resistance representations, namely open resistance and closed resistance. Open resistance is shown in the form of demonstrations. Closed resistance is shown in the form of resistance to categories imposed on society. Key words: discourse practice, violence, representation  AbstrakRepresentasi Kekerasan dalam Novel Laut Bercerita Karya Leila S. Chudori. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud kekerasan dan perlawanan dalam novel Laut Bercerita karya Leila S. Chudori. Deskripsi tersebut dilakukan dengan analisis wacana. Analisis wacana kritis mengkaji beragam bentuk sosial dan ketimpangannya yang ditampilkan melalui teks, kemudian menghubungkannya dengan konteks sosial dan politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, terdapat tiga jenis kekerasan, yaitu kekerasan fisik, verbal, dan birokratik. Kekerasan fisik dengan wujud pemukulan dan penganiayaan. Kekerasan verbal dengan wujud menuduh dan mengejek. Kekerasan birokratik ditunjukkan dalam wujud larangan bergabung dengan suatu institusi formal bagi orang dengan latar belakang tertentu dan larangan pementasan seni teater atau puisi yang dianggap membawa ideologi tertentu. Sedangkan, representasi perlawanan terdapat dua jenis, yaitu perlawanan terbuka dan perlawanan tertutup. Perlawanan terbuka ditunjukkan dalam wujud demonstrasi. Perlawanan tertutup yang ditunjukkan dalam bentuk penolakan terhadap kategori-kategori yang dipaksakan terhadap masyarakat. Kata-kata kunci: wacana kritis, kekerasan, representasi
The Influence of Corporate Ethics Culture on Whistleblowing Mechanisms and Their Impact on Fraud Detection (Empirical Study in the Anti Fraud Division of PT. Bank XYZ in Jakarta 2020)
Authors: Nurul Rizki , Herliansyah Yudhi
Published: October 2021

Fraud is one of the main problems for many organizations today. The more cases of fraud that occur in the banking sector in Indonesia, it is necessary to have fraud prevention efforts. This study aims to examine the effect of corporate ethical culture on the whistleblowing mechanism and its impact on fraud detection. This research was conducted using an explanatory quantitative research method with a survey through distributing questionnaires to all anti-fraud employees and the internal audit work unit who were directly involved in the whistleblowing mechanism at Bank XYZ who became respondents. The total respondents in this study amounted to 89 respondents. Statistical testing in this study used a statistical test approach with Smart PLS software version 3.0. The results of this study indicate that the company's ethical culture has a significant positive effect on the whistleblowing mechanism, the whistleblowing mechanism has a significant positive effect on fraud detection and the company's ethical culture has a significant positive effect on fraud detection with the whistleblowing mechanism while the influence of corporate ethical culture has no significant effect on fraud detection.
Analysis of Pension Fund Investment Portfolio Diversification Policy and Its Impact on Financial Performance (Study on PLN Pension Fund 2010-2018)
Authors: Toharudin Wiwik Utami
Published: October 2021

In deciding to invest in a financial instrument in the money market or capital market, experience and sharpness of analysis are needed so that investors can maximize the obtain returns, for pension fund managers it is important to be able to develop the set of funds obtained from customers in order to provide maximum returns. and the available funds become more useful. This study aims to analyze the optimization of the diversification of pension fund investment portfolios policy and their impact on the financial performance of pension funds. This research was conducted on Employer Pension Fund (DPPK) PT. PLN (Persero) during the period of 2010-2018 using two analytical models, namely the Markowitz and Sharpe models, then the results of the two models were compared with the paired t-sample difference test and correlated with the Pearson correlation test. The calculation results conclude that the portfolio proportions of 6 types of investment instruments provide almost the same optimal results based on the two models and based on the proxies of the two models in analyzing portfolio optimalization on financial performance there is no significant difference with a result of 0.094. The Markowitz model with consideration of investors' preferences for risk has a strong correlation with one of the financial indicators, namely the Fund Adequacy Ratio (FAR) with a correlation value of 0.637 or 63.7%.
Komparativna analiza elemenata turističke ponude
Authors: Peršić Milena , Blažević Branko , Ivanović Vanja , Jelušić Adriana
Published: October 2021

Nakon što su utvrđeni i pojedinačno ocijenjeni svi elementi turističke ponude turističke destinacije Kvarner i užih destinacija kao sub-regija, pristupa se njihovom međusobnom uspoređivanju s ciljem dobivanja sumarne ocjene kao polazišta za djelovanje. U prvoj fazi istraživanja obuhvaćen je uzorak od 10 užih turističkih destinacija, dok je u ovom istraživanju taj broj udvostručen, te su obuhvaćene slijedeće sub-regije i uže turističke destinacije u njihovom sastavu.
Red de autopistas urbanas: estimación de los efectos territoriales en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires = Urban expressways network: Estimate of the territorial effects on the City of Buenos Aires
Authors: Tovar Numpaque Augusto
Published: October 2021

ResumenEsta investigación aporta bases científicas y metodológicas de diagnóstico territorial, relacionadas al efecto causal de las autopistas elevadas sobre su entorno inmediato. Para lograrlo se utilizan antecedentes históricos y normativos, pero también, el procesamiento de datos abiertos y la utilización de herramientas econométricas que dimensionan impacto. Los resultados identifican 11.893 hogares afectados por contaminación sonora, reducción en la edificabilidad, reducción en el valor de las propiedades y aumento en la probabilidad de robo o hurto. La Ciudad de Buenos Aires es la principal centralidad de la región en términos de empleo, producción y servicios del país. Esta condición sustenta la utilidad de las autopistas en términos económicos y de movilidad; sin embargo, enfrenta desafíos de impacto ambiental y calidad de vida, que deben ser priorizados en el marco de la agenda de cambio climático y vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones. En el documento se analiza además la evolución del modelo de ciudad con autopistas, sus transformaciones y las posibilidades futuras de estas infraestructuras en los entornos urbanos. Optimizarlas, reemplazarlas por túneles o derribarlas, son las principales acciones que las ciudades vienen desarrollando, específicamente para la recualificación de zonas céntricas, frentes costeros y entornos barriales.AbstractThis research provides scientific and methodological bases for territorial diagnostics, related to the causal effect of elevated expressways on their immediate surroundings. To achieve this, historical and normative background is used, but also, the open data processing and the use of econometric tools that measure impact. The results identify 11.893 households affected by noise pollution, reduction in buildability, reduction in property value and increase in the probability of larceny or robbery. The city of Buenos Aires is the main centrality of the region in terms of employment, production and services of the country. This condition underpins the usefulness of expressways in terms of economics and mobility; however, it faces challenges of environmental impact and quality of life, which must be prioritized within the framework of climate change and the vulnerability agenda of populations. This document also analyses the evolution of the city model with motorways, their transformations and the future possibilities of these infrastructures in urban environments. Optimizing them, replacing them with tunnels or demolishing them, are the main actions that cities are developing, specifically for the re-qualification of central areas, coastal fronts and neighborhood environments.
Sarasehan Sebagai Sarana untuk Pencegahan Korupsi di Kapanewon Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Handoyo Sigit , Prabowo Hendi Yogi , Fauziya Ahada Nur , Santoso Ari , Wicaksono Aditya Pandu , Hardinto Wirawan , Ardiami Kinanthi Putri , Riantika Reny Lia
Published: October 2021

Korupsi merupakan penyakit masyarakat yang sudah menjadi kultur secara turun temurun di Indonesia yang sangat sulit untuk diberantas. Korupsi ini terbagi menjadi 4 bentuk yaitu konflik kepentingan, suap, hadiah ilegal dan pemerasan. Pemberantasan korupsi tidak cukup hanya dengan penegakan hukum tipikor saja tetapi penting bagi rakayat Indonesia memahami seperti apa sebenarnya korupsi itu dan bahaya apa di balik korupsi. Dalam pengabdian masyakat di Kapanewon Sleman yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 28 Juni 2021 diberikan penyuluhan tentang korupsi yang dikemas dalam bentuk sarasehan. Dari hasil sarasehan tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa pendapat aparat tentang korupsi yang terkait dengan pengeloaan dana desa cukup beragam. Ada yang menerima dengan baik, namun ada juga yang belum bisa menerima dengan baik karena beranggapan bahwa pengelolaan dana desa tidak begitu banyak dan sudah diawasi dengan baik. Namun pada prinsipnya yang ditekankan dalam sarasehan ini adalah para aparat dapat memahami potensi-potensi perilaku korupsi dan hukum-hukum mengenai korupsi.
Sosialisasi Pentingnya Mencapai Financial Freedom dalam Mengatur Keuangan di Masa Pandemi Bagi UMKM
Authors: Afaf Izdihar Naufal , Yendrawati Reni
Published: October 2021

Pandemi Covid-19 ini menyebabkan 40% UMKM di Indonesia terpaksa gulung tikar, karena salah satu penyebabnya adalah minimnya pengetahuan para pemilik UMKM dalam mengelola keuangan mereka. Dalam realitanya bahwa Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) di Indonesia sendiri dipengaruhi oleh para pemilik UMKM sebesar 61,07%. Metode pelaksanaan sosialisasi ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pengamatan, wawancara secara langsung, dan pencarian data melalui internet sebagai dasar penyusunan video pemberdayaan. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah bahwa masih banyak pelaku UMKM di Kelurahan Sraten, Kecamatan Gatak, Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah. yang belum dapat mengoptimalkan pengelolaan keuangan mereka dikarenakan minimnya pengetahuan mengenai financial freedom yang menyebabkan kurang maksimalnya keuntungan yang didapat. Dari permasalahan tersebut dibuatlah video pemberdayaan mengenai financial freedom berisi definisi financial freedom itu sendiri dan tujuh langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencapai financial freedom.
Development of a Knee Arthroplasty Episode-Based Cost Measure for Evaluating Cost in the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System
Authors: Choradia Nirmal , Lam Joyce , Luo Binglie , Bounds Sam , Yates Adolph J. , Quintana Juan , Do Rose , Feinberg Laurie , Sandhu Alex , Vail Daniel , MaCurdy Tom , Nagavarapu Sriniketh , Bhattacharya Jay
Published: October 2021

Background:

Under the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS), the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) evaluate clinicians who manage Medicare patients on the basis of cost and quality outcomes. CMS contractor Acumen, LLC, convened an expert panel to develop a knee arthroplasty episode-based cost measure (EBCM) for use in the MIPS.

Methods:

A Clinical Subcommittee of 28 clinician experts affiliated with 27 specialty societies provided guidance in developing the knee arthroplasty EBCM. The Clinical Subcommittee specified all aspects of the EBCM including triggering of the episode, services within the episode, risk adjustment, subgrouping, and exclusions. Services were counted only if the Clinical Subcommittee deemed them under the influence of the clinician assigned to the EBCM (selective service assignment; SSA). We assessed the reliability of the EBCM and compared it with an alternative population-based cost measure constructed without SSA.

Results:

We identified 249,301 knee arthroplasty episodes from June 1, 2016, to May 31, 2017, with 10,681 clinicians having at least 10 attributed episodes. The mean episode cost was $19,321 with a standard deviation of $1,816. SSA increased the reliability score from 0.71 to 0.81 relative to an alternative measure that counted all patient costs. SSA also led to reclassification of 41.8% of clinicians into different quintiles of performance.

Conclusions:

We found that the use of SSA in the creation of the EBCM substantially reduces random noise (i.e., unrelated medical procedures or costs) and offers a tool for assessing clinicians’ costs of management that is focused on care directly related to knee arthroplasty.
Buku Ajar Teori Pengambilan Keputusan
Authors:   Dewi Ratiwi Meiliza, Febriansah Rizky Eka
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala anugerah dan rahmat-Nya, sehingga Buku Ajar Teori Pengambilan Keputusan untuk Prodi manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo ini dapat terselesaikandengan baik. Buku Ajar Teori Pengambilan Keputusan ini terdiri dari 4 Bab Materi Perkuliahan, yang merupakan satu kesatuan materi yang dipelajari oleh mahasiswa secara menyeluruh dan tak terpisahkan selama satu semester karena merupakan satu kesatuan yang utuh dalam Capaian Kompetensi dari Teori Pengambilan Keputusan di Rencana Pembelajaran Semester. Buku Ajar Teori Pengambilan Keputusan Prodi Manajemen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis ini diterbitkan oleh Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo (UMSIDA) Press untuk kalangan sendiri. Buku Ajar ini merupakan buku terbitan edisi pertama yang tentunya masih butuh disempurnakan. Oleh karena itu, saran dan masukan oleh para pengguna sangat kami harapkan untuk kesempurnaan isi buku ajar ini di masa yang akan datang.
Buku Ajar Teknologi Pengelasan
Authors:   Iswanto, Mulyadi Mulyadi
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, sehingga Buku Ajar TEKNOLOGI PENGELASAN edisi revisi ini selesai sesuai dengan yang direncanakan. Buku ajar Teknologi Pengelasan ini dibuat khusus untuk mahasiswa Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Sumber pustaka buku ajar ini diambil dari beberapa artikel, ebooks, diktat, Tugas Akhir dan lain-lain . Penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada: 1. Dr. Hindarto, S.Kom., M.T., Dekan Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi yang memberikan arahan dan motivasi kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan buku ajar ini. 2. Edi Widodo, S.T., M.T., Kaprodi Teknik Mesin yang telah memberikan dukungan untuk menyusun buku ajar ini. 3. Para narasumber yang penulis tidak dapat sebutkan satu persatu yang karya cipta pengetahuannya kami rujuk, untuk penyusunan penulisan buku ajar ini. Saran dan kritik sangat penulis harapkan untuk mewujudkan buku ajar Teknologi Pengelasan yang lebih baik dan tentunya sesuai dengan amanat peraturan yang berlaku. Terimakasih.
Buku Ajar Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Sektor Publik (Msdm-Sp)
Authors:   Isna Agustina, Rodiyah Isnaini
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya Buku Ajar Manajemen Sumber daya Manusia Sektor Publik (MSDM-SP) dapat diselesaikan dengan baik dan tanpa halangan yang berarti. Shalawat dan salam selalu kami sampaikan kepada junjungan Nabi Muhammad SAW. Tim penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada: 1. Wisnu Panggah Setiyono, SE, M.Si, Ph.D., Dekan Fakultas Bisnis, Hukum, dan Ilmu Sosial yang memberikan arahan dan motivasi kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan buku ajar ini. 2. Lailul Mursyidah, M.AP., Kaprodi Administrasi Publik yang telah memberikan dukungan untuk menyusun buku ajar ini. 3. Rekan-rekan dosen di Prodi Administrasi Publik yang telah berbagi pengalaman dalam mengampu mata kuliah tersebut. Saran dan kritik sangat penulis harapkan untuk mewujudkan buku ajar Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Sektor Publik (MSDM-SP) yang lebih baik dan tentunya sesuai dengan amanat peraturan yang berlaku. Terimakasih.
Buku Ajar Berpikir Analisis Melalui Fluida
Authors:   Ria Wulandari, Sartika Septi Budi
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya Buku Ajar Berpikir Analisis melalui Fluida dapat diselesaikan dengan baik dan tanpa halangan yang berarti. Shalawat dan salam selalu kami sampaikan kepada junjungan Nabi Muhammad SAW. Tim penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada: 1. Dr. Akhtim Wahyuni, M.Ag., Dekan Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Pendidikan yang memberikan arahan dan motivasi kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan buku ajar ini. 2. Noly Shofiyah, M.Pd., M.Sc., Kaprodi Pendidikan IPA yang telah memberikan dukungan untuk menyusun buku ajar ini.3. Rekan-rekan dosen pengampu Mata Kuliah Fluida di prodi Pendidikan IPA yang telah berbagi pengalaman dalam mengampu mata kuliah tersebut. Saran dan kritik sangat penulis harapkan untuk mewujudkan buku ajar Berpikir Analisis melalui Fluida yang lebih baik dan tentunya sesuai dengan amanat peraturan yang berlaku. Terimakasih.
Buku Ajar Hukum Pidana
Authors:   Abdul Fatah, Wati Emy Rosna
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya maka Buku Ajar Psikologi Komunikasi dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. Shalawat dan salam selalu kami sampaikan kepada junjungan Nabi Muhammad SAW. Tim penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada: 1. Dr. Akhtim Wahyuni, M.Ag., Dekan Fakultas Psikologi dan Ilmu Pendidikan yang memberikan arahan dan motivasi kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan buku ajar ini. 2.Widyastuti,M.Psi.,Psikolog, Ketua Program Studi Psikologi yang telah memberikan dukungan untuk menyusun buku ajar ini. 3. Rekan-rekan dosen pengampu Mata Kuliah Psikologi Komunikasi di Program Studi Psikologi yang telah berbagi pengalaman dalam mengampu mata kuliah tersebut. Penulis mengharapkan saran dan kritik untuk menyempurnakan buku ajar Psikologi Komunikasi ini. Terimakasih.
Buku Ajar Kerangka Konseptual Sekolah Mutu
Authors:   Ida Rindaningsih, Istikomah Istikomah
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karuniaNya, sehingga kami bisa menyusun buku ajar Ketrampilan Dasar klinik Kebidanan 1 Sholawat dan salam kami haturkan kepada junjungan Nabi Muhammad SAW. Buku ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman mengenai ketrampilan Dasar Klinik kebidanan. Buku ini membahas mengenai konsep manusia, konsep sehat dan sakit, stres dan adaptasi, Keselamatan pasien dan Pencegahan infeksi, Kebutuhan dasar manusia dan pemberian obat dalam praktik kebidanan. Penyusunan buku ajar ketrampilan Dasar Klinik kebidanan. tidak lepas dari bantuan dan bimbingan serta motivasi dari semua pihak. Kami berharap dapat membawa manfaat bagi seluruh mahasiswa, terutama mahasiswa semester II. Kami mengharapkan saran dan masukan dari para pembaca, sehingga dapat memperbaiki dikemudian hari
Development and quality mapping of iron fortified jamun (Syzygium cumini) leather
Authors: Naz Nosheen
Published: October 2021

Focused on the iron-fortification of underutilized food sources of Pakistan, jamun was selected as a vehicle fruit for iron supplementation in the form of jamun leather. Iron-fortified jamun leather was prepared from two varieties available in Pakistan i.e., Desi jamun (V1) and Ra jamun (V2) using ferrous sulfate as a fortificant. The treatments prepared were V1T1, V1T2, V2T1 and V2T2 having iron value of 40% (T1) and 60% (T2) recommended daily allowance (RDA). The analyses as physiochemical, phytochemicals, mineral and sensory evaluations were conducted at 0, 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th day. During the study, pH, ascorbic acid, total phenolic contents (TPC) and (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH showed a declining trend, whereas reducing sugar, acidity and brix value increased during storage period. During the study, the highest reduction of pH was observed in V1T1 (3.38±0.021), maximum ascorbic acid was determined in Desi jamun (V1) in a range of 6.81- 6.94 mg/100g. Similarly, Desi jamun (V1) had more total phenolic contents i.e., 1372 mg GAE/100g and remarkable DPPH antioxidant activity as 85% as compared to Ra jamun (V2). The sensory parameters such as color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability showed varying preferences of iron fortification among treatments. Based on analyses outcome, V1T1 and V1T2 were most appropriate treatments having the maximum chemical and organoleptic analysis score amongst all the treatments.
Genealogical concordance of phylogenetic species recognition-based delimitation of Neopestalotiopsis species associated with leaf spots and fruit canker disease affected guava plants
Authors: Haq Imran Ul
Published: October 2021

Neopestalotiopsis species are known to be involved in plant diseases as associated pathogens. The taxonomic identification of the fungal group Neopestalotiopsisis little bit difficult due to its complex evolutionary history. In the present study, seven fungal isolates were investigated from canker-affected guava plants. The phylogeny for generic placement of these isolates was analyzed to validate them as Neopestalotiopsis genus by phylogenetic signals from the 28S nrRNA region (LSU). Generated morphological data was segregated as new morpho-species of the Neopestalotiopsis genus. Hence, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), Translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) and Tubulin (TUB) genic region of these isolates were studied in juxtaposition with morphological data to resolve species limits. Both phylogenetic and morphological data revealed four novel species of the Neopestalotiopsis genus out of seven isolates studied. These Neopestalotiopsis species could be of great significance for further investigation as putative pathogens associated with canker or scabby canker disease in guava.
Interaction of Meloidogyne incognita and fungi: a potential threat to cotton crop in Punjab
Authors: Naz Mehwish
Published: October 2021

Cotton is an important cash crop of Pakistan and is severely affected with wilt in cotton-growing areas of Punjab province. Research was carried out on two major pathogens of cotton Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and Meloidogyne incognita and their possible role in wilt disease complex. During 2017-19, a survey of cotton growing areas of Punjab (Jhang, Multan, Vehari, Mianwali, Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalpur, Kabir Wala, Dakota, Basti Dharik, Tibba Sultan Pur, Rajan Pur, Chak 27 (Layyah), Chak 99B (Layyah), Lodhran, Fateh Pur and Dagar Rohtass) was conducted to collect a sample on symptomology basis of yellowing of leaves, discoloured bark of lower part of the stem, blackened xylem vessel and wilting. Data were recorded on wilt disease incidence, prevalence, associated pathogens and root-knot nematodes. Prevalence of cotton wilt was recorded the maximum 85% in areas of Vehari, Kabir Wala and Rajan Pur while the maximum incidence in both Multan and Tibba Sultan Pur was 15%. Percentage association of wilting fungi was recorded from the soil, roots, stem and leaves on placing them in artificial media and soil dilution techniques were used to determine fungi in rhizosphere such as Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Colletotrichum spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor and Pythium. Root associated fungi were isolated by Hyphal tip method and isolated F. oxysporum, Rhizoctonia spp. and Pythium spp. From stem and leaf sample, F. oxysporum, Verticillium spp., Colletotrichum spp., Alternaria spp. and Botryodiplodia spp. were recorded. Relative density nematode was recorded from different locations and highest occurrence was observed in Bahawalpur (85%) by using different extraction methods. Eggs masses of root knot nematodes were staining by using Phloxin B and nematodes inside root system was done by using acid fuchsin. Nematode reproduction parameters like No. of J2/roots system, J2 in 100ml of soils, eggs masses/root system, females/ roots system, galls/ root system were recorded. Cotton wilt caused by the interaction of Fusarium and Root knot nematode is threat to cotton industry in Pakistan and it should be treated to avoid economic losses.
Improving the productivity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) by strengthening the impact of applied nutrients through alligator weed compost
Authors: Tanveer Asif
Published: October 2021

Weeds produce huge biomass by competing with the main crop for resources has been well established by numerous investigators. The use of weeds, especially aquatic weeds, as an organic source of nutrients such as compost is lacking in the literature. We hypothesized that the use of aquatic weeds i.e. alligator as compost would limit the use of inorganic fertilizers in okra and it would increase the quality of produce. To maximize the effect of inorganic nutrients, it would be easier to use the alligator weed compost as a natural source of nutrients. The crop was sown on 22 July, 2017 and 20 July, 2018 in a randomized complete block design having four replications. The net plot size was 1.8 m x 6 m. The alligator weed compost along with NPK was applied at the time of sowing. Alligator weed compost was applied along with different combinations of NPK i.e. control (recommended dose of NPK 159-114-93 kg ha-1 ), compost application of 250 kg ha-1 , compost application of 500 kg ha-1 , compost application of 250 kg ha-1 with 75% recommended NPK, compost application of 250 kg ha-1 with 50% recommended NPK, compost application of 250 kg ha-1 with 25% recommended NPK, compost application of 500 kg ha-1 compost with 75% recommended NPK, compost application of 500 kg ha-1 with 50% recommended NPK and compost application of 500 kg ha-1 with 25% recommended NPK. Compost application of 250 kg ha-1 with 50% recommended NPK significantly reduced the number of days to flowering and increased plant height (cm) at flowering and plant maturity over the alone NPK and other combinations of compost and NPK. Pod yield and yield components were outclassed by the compost application of 250 kg ha-1 with 50% recommended NPK over the other combinations. For example, number of pods per plant and pod yield (t ha-1 ) were increased by 26%, 20%, respectively averaged across during both years of study over the recommended dose of NPK alone. Similarly, application of compost at 500 kg ha-1 along with NPK 50% of recommended dose enhanced pod potassium and ascorbic acid contents by 76% and 35%, respectively averaged across during both years of study over the control dose of NPK. Conclusively, alligator weed organic source of nutrients could reduce NPK fertilizers as it holds the nutrients applied and also provides the essential nutrients. In future climates, alligator weed compost would be a sustainable and environment friendly approach.
Gene action of achene yield traits in sunflower under drought stress condition
Authors: Hasan Ejaz-ul
Published: October 2021

Drought is one of the most damaging environmental stresses, which decreases the achene yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The objectives of our experimentations were to determine the type of gene action in sunflower under drought stress, for the identification of the lines with higher achene yield for purpose of developing hybrid with higher achene yield. Thirty-two single cross hybrids from 12 inbred lines were developed through line × tester mating design through crossing 8 drought tolerant inbred lines with 4 drought susceptible lines. The evaluation experiment was performed under an alpha (0,1) lattice incomplete block design with three replications. The achene yield related traits like DF, DM, PH, NL/P, HD, SG, AY/P and TAW were evaluated under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Values of degree of dominance greater than one indicating that traits were under the control of dominant genetic effect. Based on GCA effects, L1 proved good combiner for early flowering, maturity and short stature; while L6 was a good combiner for NL/P, HD and AY/P while L8 for HD, SG, AY/P and TAW under drought stress condition. Based on SCA effects, Hybrid 20 was found a good SCA combiner for early flowering, early maturity, short stature, higher HD, AY/P and TAW under normal as well as drought stress conditions. It was suggested form our study that the lines L1, L6 and L8 can be further used to develop drought tolerant hybrids for higher yield and L5 × L12 (Hy 20) was proposed for general cultivation in irrigated as well as rainfed areas of Pakistan.
Fenugreek extract application improves plant performance of Alternaria solani infected tomato plants
Authors: Khan Rashid Iqbal
Published: October 2021

Plant extracts (PE’s) has emerged as a safer alternative to manage the fungal pathogens affecting tomato productivity. The current study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of methanolic fenugreek extract against Alternaria solani, a causal agent of early blight disease in tomato. Fenugreek extract was used at different concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% under in vitro conditions. Results concluded that 25% fenugreek extract significantly reduced the radial growth (2.5 cm) of A. solani under in vitro conditions. Based on in vitro results, three concentrations (5%, 15% and 25%) of fenugreek extract was examined under greenhouse and field conditions. The outcomes expressed that 5% fenugreek extract reduced the disease severity up to 30.19% under greenhouse conditions and up to 40.53% under field trials. Although, application of fenugreek extract had exhibited non-significant impact on vegetative and reproductive growth parameters. However, its application had proved better results as compared to those plants which are infected with A. solani but received zero application of fenugreek extract. Furthermore, the effectiveness of plant extracts was evaluated by variant photosynthetic, antioxidative, polyphenolic and hypersensitive response of A. solani affected tomato plants. The 25% fenugreek extract application had augmented the chlorophyll pigments along with the significant increment of superoxide dismutase (174.16 U mg-1 protein), peroxidase (7.61 µmol min-1 g-1 protein) and catalase activity (4.73 nmol min-1 g-1 protein). Similar outcomes were observed regarding phenolic compounds, where 5% fenugreek extract application had enhanced flavonoid levels (26.62 mg QuE g-1), tannins (1.28 mg TE g-1 extract) and total phenolic contents (2.39 mg GAE g-1) in tomato leaves demonstrating its protective effect against early blight. In dose response, 25% fenugreek extract was most effective in reducing lipid peroxidation and enhancing H2O2 levels. The outcomes of study exhibited the fenugreek extract as an effective strategy to be used against A. solani to control early blight infection in tomato plants. Thus, it can serve as suitable fungicide alternative for resource-poor agriculture areas mainly in developing countries.
Impact of integrated nutrient management on production potential of mungbean
Authors: Hussain Khalid
Published: October 2021

Mungbean is one of the important grain legume crops in Pakistan due to its vigorous growth even in adverse environment. Mungbean is part of daily cuisine in the country but its production is low mostly due to imbalance fertilization. The study was carried out to find best combination of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) for maximum production under less fertile soils during 2017-2018. In this study, three combinations of NPK (i.e., 30:30:0, 30:60:0 and 30:60:30 kg ha-1 ) were compared with control (without fertilization). Maximum pods per plant (22.43), pod length (9.51 cm), seeds per pod (8.97), 1000 seed weight (44.07 g), seed yield (1163 kg ha-1 ), biological yield (5231 kg ha-1 ) and harvest index (24.63 %) were obtained from 30:60:30 kg NPK ha-1 during 2017 and similar trends were found during 2018. Maximum leaf area duration (212.64, 215.09 days), crop growth rate (3.99, 4.02 g m-2 d -1 ), net assimilation rate (2.46, 2.54 g m-2 d -1 ) and fraction of intercepted radiation (0.89, 0.88 MJ m-2 ) were obtained from mungbean plant under 30:60:30 kg ha-1 NPK application during 2017 and 2018, respectively. These results are suggesting that integrated application of nitrogen, phosphorous and potash is very imperative to attain higher production of mungbean under semi-arid environments. It is concluded from the findings that farmers can harvest maximum final outputs of mungbean by the application of 30:60:30 kg ha-1 NPK, respectively.
10.21162/PAKJAS/21.1541
Authors: Hakim Ayesha
Published: October 2021

Acoustic recordings of birds have been used by conservationists and ecologists to determine the population density and bio- diversity of bird species in a region. However, it is hard to analyze and visualize the presence/absence of a specific bird species by aurally hearing these recordings even by an expert bird song specialist. In this paper, we present a computational tool to cluster and recognize bird species based on their sounds and visualize relationships of within-species and between-species sounds based on their similarity measures. The tool has been evaluated on two datasets of varying complexity containing acoustic recordings of eleven birds’ songs and calls using various similarity measures. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for feature selection. Euclidean distance, Mahalanobis distance, and cosine similarity among features was used for pair-wise similarity calculation. The results of similarity measures have been compared using 3-fold cross-validation and validated by spectrograms patterns obtained from frequency representation of acoustic recordings of the selected birds’ songs and calls. Cosine similarity performed better to measure underlying patterns of birds’ sounds and identify mutual relationship among species. It was concluded that the proposed tool can be used as a novel method for conversationalists, ecologists, ornithologists, and evolutionary scientists as well as tourists and bird watchers to recognize different birds’ species, study their mutual relationship, locate the area with highest population density, estimating the predators, and biodiversity in a specific region.
Spatial and temporal aggregation of Oryzaephilus surinamensis from Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Syarifah Zulaikha Syed Ahmad
Published: October 2021

The saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) is a secondary pest of rice grains and other stored products. Lack of information on the population abundance, spatial, and temporal distribution of O. surinamensis rendered the management control strategy of this pest species less effective. The objective of this study was to investigate the abundance, spatial and temporal pattern of O. surinamensis populations from nine rice warehouses in three zones of Peninsular Malaysia (i.e., the northern, central and southern zones) for three continuous months. The results showed that the abundance of O. surinamensis populations varied significantly (p<0.05, p= 0.00) between zones, with the highest abundance for this species (69%) recorded from the Klang District, in the central zone, followed by Pasir Gudang (27%) in the southern zone, and Seberang Prai (4%) in the northern zone. The patterns of population abundance also showed significant differences between months, p<0.05 (p-value= 0.00-0.011) between all the warehouses. The factors that could be associated with the highest abundance of the pest were attributed to poor sanitation at the warehouses and inconsistency in the fumigation regime. For the spatial distribution analysis, SADIEShell_122 and Surfer8 software were applied. The distribution patterns of O. surinamensis populations varied significantly in all the warehouses, being significantly aggregated at p<0.05 (p=0.0385-0.0513) and Ia>1.0 (1.212-1.579), whilst being non-significantly and randomly distributed at p>0.05 (p=0.1154-0.91032) and Ia>1.0 (0.852- 0.929). The significance of the aggregation might be due to the rapidly changing volume of the rice stock caused by the active and rapid turnover of the storage inventory. The results obtained were very valuable and informative in managing O. surinamensis infestation of stored rice by incorporating the spatial and temporal information of the pest populations in the management strategy for improving the rice and other stored products.
Evaluation of parasitic potential of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in grains treated with diatomaceous
Authors: Sultan Kamboh Khurram Mahmood
Published: October 2021

The herein reported study was conducted to evaluate the parasitic potential of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) against larvae of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) while, adult pests on the food medium treated with two formulations of diatomaceous earth (DE); Marine (Celite) and fresh water (Perma Guard) as grain protectants. The DE was applied at three dose rates i.e., 200, 400 and 600 ppm, at 25°C temperature and 65% relative humidity. Mortality and emergence of adults of tested insects and parasitoid were observed after 14 and 28 days of exposure respectivly. The highest mortality of C. maculatus was 43.37% against higher dose of Perma Guard (600 ppm) while the maximum mortality of S. oryzae was recorded 39.56% on application of Celite (600 ppm). The maximum mortality of A. calandrae parasitoid was observed 66.86% in S. oryzae infested grains treated with higher dose of Perma Guard (600 ppm), while 63.81% mortality of parasitoid was observed in S. oryzae infested grains at higher dose of Celite DE (600 ppm). The Perma Guard effectively controls population of tested insect’s mortality than the Celite. The highest emergence of C maculatus observed was 62.44% at lower dose of 200 ppm of Perma Guard DE while the highest emergence recorded on application of Celite was 60.66% from C. maculatus. The highest emergence of A. calandrae was 65.65% from S. oryzae at lower dose of 200 ppm of Perma Guard DE while the highest emergence of parasitoid recorded on application of Celite was found 60.66% at lower dose of 200 ppm from C maculatus. The emergence of tested insects and parasitoid increased with the decrease in dose rate of DE in most of the tested combinations. Higher dose (600 ppm) of both DE (Celite and Perma Guard) used in experiment showed mortality of tested insects and parasitoid activity of Anisopteromalus calandrae and furthermore release of A. calandrae on host insects would be adversely affected by use of diatomaceous earth product on stored grains. The experiments were carried out in laboratory of Grain Research, Training and Storage Management cell, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad.
Staphylococcus sciuri SAT-17 improved the growth of salt stressed maize (Zea mays L.) by modulated expression of stress responsive genes and anti-oxidative defence mechanisms
Authors: Rafiq Khadija
Published: October 2021

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), being the chief components of rhizosphere microbiota, are highly beneficial for plant growth and production. PGPR mediated salt stress tolerance is an intricate process which is governed by plant- bacterial interactions at molecular level. In an earlier study, positive impact of Staphylococcus scuiri SAT-17 inoculation on maize growth and physiology, under saline conditions, has been reported. To further elucidate this interaction at molecular level, salt tolerant and sensitive (FH-988 and FH-1137) maize genotypes were raised with or without inoculation of SAT-17 in the absence or presence of 120 mM NaCl. Expression analysis of various salt responsive genes (NHX1, H+-PPase, SOS1, HKT1, Cat1 and APX1) was carried out. Nutrient acquisition and translocation patterns along with few biochemical parameters were also studied. The results indicated that Na+ vacuolar sequestration and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities might have accounted for the better salt tolerance potential of genotype FH-988 under salt stress. In contrast, genotype FH-1137 exhibited reduced Na+ vacuolar sequestration and antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby resulting in severe Na+ toxicity and oxidative damage under salt stress. Inoculation of SAT-17 ameliorated the salinity damage by maintaining optimum nutrient root-shoot translocation which in turn resulted in better Na+ homeostasis and reactive oxygen species scavenging. The results highlighted the contribution of several ion transporters, SOS pathway and antioxidant machinery in imparting salt stress tolerance in maize. The findings can be useful for devising strategies for cultivation of salt sensitive maize genotypes in saline areas thereby contributing in sustainable agricultural development.
Treatment Outcomes of 125I Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy vs Radical Prostatectomy for Patients with Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhou Zhien , Liang Zhen , Zhou Yi , Yan Weigang , Wu Xingcheng , Zheng Zhibo , Zhang Fuquan , Ji Zhigang , Li Hanzhong , Wang Juan
Published: October 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy of radical prostatectomy vs low-dose-rate brachytherapy for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer.Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 361 intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients who underwent treatment from January 2010 and August 2019. 160 underwent radical prostatectomy and 201 underwent low-dose-rate brachytherapy using Iodine-125. Biochemical failure for radical prostatectomy was defined as prostate-specific antigen levels > 0.2 ng/ml, and for low-dose-rate brachytherapy as nadir PSA level + 2 ng/ml. The log-rank test compared biochemical relapse-free survival between the two modalities, and Cox regression identified factors associated with biochemical relapse-free survival.Results: Median follow-up was 54 months for radical prostatectomy and 69 months for low-dose-rate brachytherapy. The 5-and 8-year biochemical relapse-free survival rates were 70.2% and 63.1% in the radical prostatectomy group, and 83.2% and 68.9% in the low-dose-rate brachytherapy group, respectively, P=0.003. There were no significant differences in terms of clinical relapse-free survival, cancer-specific survival or overall survival between the two groups. Conclusion: Low-dose-rate brachytherapy is a reasonable treatment option for intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients, yielding improved biochemical relapse-free survival and equivalent rates of clinical relapse-free survival, cancer-specific survival and overall survival compared with radical prostatectomy.
Loss of Monoacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 2 can be Compensated for by Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferases 1 and 2 in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Mammary Cancer Development
Authors: Mei Yan , Wang Jing , Lu Jia-Bin , Lu Guan-Ming , Peng Li-Xia , Lang Yan-Hong , Zheng Li-Sheng , Huang Bi-Jun , Shi Yan-Xia , Qian Chaonan
Published: October 2021

Background: Dietary fat absorption involves the re-esterification of digested triacylglycerol in the enterocytes, it is a biological process catalyzed by monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (MOGAT2, aka MGAT2), which is highly expressed in the small intestine. A previous study showed that the loss of the Mogat2 gene can prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer including postmenopausal breast cancer.Methods: We collected 147 patients with triple negative breast adenocarcinoma to explore the relationship between the expression of MOGAT2 and patient overall survival. And we generated a Mogat2-deficient mouse mammary tumor model by crossing Mogat2-deficient mice with MMTV-PyMT mice to examine the effect of losing MOGAT2 in vivo.Results: Our founding suggest that obesity was induced by a relatively high-fat diet (37% of calories from fat) in the mice with or without Mogat2 knockout. Mammary tumor development was deteriorated by a relatively high-fat diet regardless of Mogat2 deficiency. As a compensation mechanism, upregulation of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases 1 and 2 (Dgat1 and Dgat2) in the Mogat2 deficient mice was found. Conclusions: Elevated expression of MOGAT2 in triple negative breast adenocarcinoma predicts poorer patient overall survival. With the compensation of Dgat1 and Dgat2, Mogat2 deficiency alone cannot prevent fat diet-induced obesity, nor prevent mammary tumor development in a mouse model.
Physiological and metabolic alterations induced by commercial neonicotinoid formulations in Daphnia magna
Authors: Farkas Anna , Somogyvári Dávid , Kovács Attila W. , Mörtl Mária , Székács András , Győri János
Published: October 2021

Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used agents in agriculture to control a broad range of insect pests. Although use of neonicotinoid pesticides has resulted in the widespread contamination of surface waters, sublethal toxicity data of these products in relation to non-target aquatic biota are still poor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of two neonicotinoid pesticides with widespread use on the basic physiological functions: the thoracic limb activity and heart rate of Daphnia magna, and to screen for their potential to affect the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system of daphnids. The considered pesticides were the acetamiprid- and thiacloprid based products Mospilan 20 SG and Calypso 480 SC. The dose-dependent variation in the three biological endpoints considered were assessed following 24h exposures. The two neonicotinoid formulations elicited significant depression on the thoracic limb activity and heart rate of daphnids at doses close to the 48h-EC50 of the products, a response mainly attributable to the overall drop in the general health status of the organisms. The dose related variation in the ECOD activity of daphnids exposed to the selected neonicotinoid formulations followed a biphasic pattern, with starting effective doses for Mospilan 20 SG of 6.3 mg L-1 (= 1/20 of 48h-EC50 for Daphnia neonates), and for Calypso 480 SC of 0.034 mg L-1 (= 1/4000 of 48h-EC50). Maximal ECOD activity (2.2 fold increase vs. controls) was induced by Mospilan 20 SG in daphnids exposed to 114 mg L-1 product (= 48h-EC20), and by Calypso 480 SC (1.8 fold increase) at 5.2 mg L-1 dose (= 1/20 of 48h-EC50). The results outlined significant alterations in the physiological traits considered at concentrations below the immobility thresholds (48h-EC50) of the products used as benchmarks to rate their toxicity risks to aquatic biota. Therefore, we think our findings might deserve consideration in the environmental risk evaluation of these products.