bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the impostor phenomenon and work-family conflict
Authors: Crawford Wayne S , Shanine Kristen K. , Whitman Marilyn V. , Kacmar K. Michele
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderated-mediational relationship between the impostor phenomenon (IP) and work-to-family conflict (WFC). Building on conservation of resources (COR) theory, the authors hypothesize that individuals who experience the IP lack the initial resources needed to meet work demands and, thus, experience emotional exhaustion, which leads to WFC. However, the authors hypothesize that additional resources provided by organizations, such as perceived organizational support (POS), may weaken the negative experiences of imposters.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors tested a moderated-mediation model using data from a time-lagged survey study among 92 Midwest community college employees. Regression was used to examine the mediating effects of emotional exhaustion and the moderating effect of POS on the IP to WFC relationship.

Findings

– Results support the hypothesized model. Emotional exhaustion is a mediating mechanism in the relationship between the IP and WFC. POS is a moderator of this indirect relationship; the indirect relationship between the IP and WFC through emotional exhaustion is weaker when employees perceive high levels of POS.

Practical/implications

– The findings suggest that there are detrimental long-term effects associated with the IP for organizations. Thus, managers should curb feelings of impostorism within their organizations and provide impostors with organizational support in order to reduce their emotional exhaustion and WFC.

Originality/value

– The present study indicates that individual dispositions play an indirect role in WFC. Furthermore, the authors identify organizational outcomes associated with the IP, whereas previous research has rarely emphasized outcomes.
The changing contours of fairness: using multiple lenses to focus the HRM research agenda
Authors: Otaye-Ebede Lilian , Sparrow Paul , Wong Wilson
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– Organizational justice research has become the main paradigm of research in the field of HRM. The purpose of this paper is to outline a number of underlying challenges to which this paradigm is ill-suited. It broadens the traditional understanding of what is meant by fairness within the HRM literature to help explain how justice judgements are formed and may be used to influence societal-level fairness processes. It develops a framework to aid the understanding of the fairness of decisions that individuals or organizations make.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper presents a conceptual review of the main paradigms used in fairness research. It draws upon the organizational justice literature as the dominant paradigm in HRM research, and conducts a cross-disciplinary review that introduces a range of theories less frequently used by HRM researchers – specifically capability theory, game theory, tournament theory, equity sensitivity theory, theories of intergenerational equity, and burden sharing. It demonstrates the relevance of these theories to a number of areas of organizational effectiveness.

Findings

– The paper shows that researchers are now augmenting the organizational justice research paradigm under two important pressures – awareness of hidden structures that preclude the option for real fairness; and new variables that are being added to the consideration of organizational justice.

Practical implications

– HR functions have invested significant resources in employee engagement or insight units, but if their policies trigger significant inequality of outcomes, perceived problems of justice, a lack of burden sharing, no sense proportionality, organizations may not be able to achieve other important HR strategies such as sustaining and deepening employee engagement, developing organizational advocacy, building an employer brand, or being seen to have authenticity in its values. The framework suggests a broadened educational base for HR practitioners around fairness. It also suggests that there may be complex employees segments concerning perceptions of fairness.

Originality/value

– The cross-disciplinary perspective taken on fairness helps deconstruct the judgements that employees likely make, enabling organizations and individuals alike to ask more critical questions about their respective behaviour.
Sifting the Big Five: examining the criterion-related validity of facets
Authors: Darr Wendy , Kelloway E. Kevin
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to review organizational research on the criterion-related validity of the Big Five model of personality with a view to examine the organizational utility of facet measures of personality.

Design/methodology/approach

– A literature review of studies that use personality traits to predict organizational outcomes in three domains: performance (task and contextual), deviance, and interpersonal dynamics (leadership, team cohesion).

Findings

– The authors identify 15 specific facets drawn from the Big Five model that appear to have demonstrated criterion-related validity in the prediction of organizational outcomes.

Practical implications

– Results of the analysis suggest the utility of using facet-specific measures in organizational applications such as personnel selection.

Originality/value

– Although there is a substantial literature speaking to the validity of the Big Five traits, the study identifies specific facets that may provide a basis for more focused use of personality variables in organizations. The work also provides the basis for further measurement development of occupationally relevant personality measures.
The short term effectiveness of day treatment for eating disorders in reducing psychosocial impairment: utilizing the clinical impairment assessment in routine practice
Authors: Hepburn Zoe Meropi , Clark-Stone Sam
Published: March 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of a day treatment programme (DTP) in reducing psychosocial impairment, changing attitudes, restoring body-weight and decreasing binge/vomit symptoms among 52 individuals (aged 16+) with eating disorders. It was hypothesized that day treatment would result in improvements across all variables measured.

Design/methodology/approach

– In a within-participants design, demographic, physiological and psychological measures were taken on admission to and at discharge from a DTP in the UK. Quantitative outcomes were analysed.

Findings

– In total, 40 participants were considered to have received an adequate dose of the DTP, having completed at least four weeks on the programme. Analyses supported all hypotheses, with all improvements being statistically significant. Large effect sizes were evident for all outcomes across the whole sample other than shape concern attitudes and weight concern attitudes, which reduced with moderate and moderate-to-large effect sizes, respectively.

Originality/value

– This study provides new evidence of the effectiveness of day treatment in reducing psychosocial impairment resulting from eating disorder psychopathology. It remains for future research to determine whether these outcomes can be sustained over the longer term.
Application of Electronic Nose for Measuring Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen and Total Viable Counts in Packaged Pork During Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Li Miaoyun , Wang Haibiao , Sun Lingxia , Zhao Gaiming , Huang Xianqing
Published: March 2016

The objective of this study was to predict the total viable counts (TVC) and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) in pork using an electronic nose (E‐nose), and to assess the freshness of chilled pork during storage using different packaging methods, including pallet packaging (PP), vacuum packaging (VP), and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP, 40% O2/40% CO2/20% N2). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the E‐nose signals, and the results showed that the relationships between the freshness of chilled pork and E‐nose signals could be distinguished in the loadings plots, and the freshness of chilled pork could be distributed along 2 first principal components. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to correlate TVC and TVB‐N to E‐nose signals. High F and R2 values were obtained in the MLR output of TVB‐N (F = 32.1, 21.6, and 24.2 for PP [R2 = 0.93], VP [R2 = 0.94], and MAP [R2 = 0.95], respectively) and TVC (F = 34.2, 46.4, and 7.8 for PP [R2 = 0.98], VP [R2 = 0.89], and MAP [R2 = 0.85], respectively). The results of this study suggest that it is possible to use the E‐nose technology to predict TVB‐N and TVC for assessing the freshness of chilled pork during storage.
Research Funding Mechanisms and Biomedical Research Outputs
Authors: Clark Julian , Hirsch Gabrielle , Jensen Paul H. , Webster Elizabeth
Published: March 2016

We use scientist‐level panel data in order to estimate the effect which the number, type and source of research grants has on subsequent commercial contracts, publications and patent outputs. In so doing, we control for time‐invariant factors including individual researcher preferences, the nature of the work and the business model of the researcher's laboratory. We find that, whereas Fellowships and Project or program grants had a positive effect on whether the scientist subsequently signed a commercial contract, Equipment and Development grants had the largest impact per grant. Finally, we find that International grants were negatively associated with the number of commercial contracts signed. The data were drawn from 488 biomedical researchers at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute over the period 2009–2012.
Potential therapeutic effects of the MTOR inhibitors for preventing ageing and progeria‐related disorders
Authors: Evangelisti Camilla , Cenni Vittoria , Lattanzi Giovanna
Published: March 2016

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is an highly conserved signal transduction axis involved in many cellular processes, such as cell growth, survival, transcription, translation, apoptosis, metabolism, motility and autophagy. Recently, this signalling pathway has come to the attention of the scientific community owing to the unexpected finding that inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin, an antibiotic with immunosuppressant and chemotherapeutic properties, extends lifespan in diverse animal models. Moreover, rapamycin has been reported to rescue the cellular phenotype in a progeroid syndrome [Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria syndrome (HGPS)] that recapitulates most of the traits of physiological ageing. The promising perspectives raised by these results warrant a better understanding of mTOR signalling and the potential applications of mTOR inhibitors to counteract ageing‐associated diseases and increase longevity. This review is focused on these issues.
Oil's Colonial Residues: Geopolitics, Identity, and Resistance in Venezuela
Authors: KINGSBURY DONALD V.
Published: March 2016

This article argues oil occupies a central role in the discursive universe of Venezuelan underdevelopment, producing anxieties of vulnerability and dependency. These anxieties are internalised and reproduced in what I describe as the coloniality of oil. Coloniality naturalises, hides, and rewrites maldevelopment – a process in which the developed world stymies growth elsewhere through the machinations of hard or soft power – as underdevelopment – a neutral category suggesting the developing world need only to catch up to the North Atlantic. Animated by the formation of new political subjectivities, the Bolivarian Revolution has attempted to break with this coloniality of oil.
Beyond Domestic Violence Survivor Services: Refocusing on Inequality in the Fight against Gender‐Based Violence in the Americas
Authors: MARIE CHOUP ANNE
Published: March 2016

Despite a consensus in the Americas that gender‐based violence is rooted in inequality and historic precedent and exacerbated by socio‐economic hardship, government programmes and institutional evaluations of programmes to combat violence against women tend not to tackle the problem at source. Instead, governments and policy evaluations tend to focus on domestic violence survivor services. This article analyses current work to evaluate government efforts to fight violence against women and unpacks scholarly and policy consensus on the root causes of the violence. I then illustrate the disconnect between root causes of violence and government programmes, to emphasise the need to link programmes more closely to agreed‐upon causes of violence.
Clinical study of 459 polydactyly cases in China, 2010 to 2014
Authors: Xiang Ying , Bian Jingxia , Wang Zhigang , Xu Yunlan , Fu Qihua
Published: March 2016

Polydactyly is one of the most common hereditary limb malformations, involving additional digits on the hands and/or feet, which is a very attractive model to appreciate clinical and genetic heterogeneity. A high level of heterogeneity in polydactyly has been identified in different regions. However, such data of the medical literatures for Asian populations are relatively limited. This study was intended to shed light on the phenotypic manifestations of polydactyly in the recruited Chinese population and to characterize the medical literature on this condition. A total of 459 well‐characterized polydactyly cases from Shanghai Children's Medical Center were recruited. Their phenotypes, inheritance patterns, and clinical heterogeneity were obtained from clinical medical records. It was found that 4.8% of cases were familial and 95.2% were sporadic. The proportions of preaxial and postaxial polydactyly types were 74.7% and 25.3%, respectively. In preaxial polydactyly, type I formed the overwhelming majority (95.9%). Among the postaxial polydactyly cases, type A was most prevalent at 69.8% and type B was witnessed in 30.2% of cases. Familial and sporadic polydactyly patients mainly had unilateral presentations. A total of 583 limbs with additional digits were recorded in the 459 subjects. Upper limb involvement was more common than lower, and right hand involvement was more common than left for preaxial polydactyly, and lower limb involvement was more common than upper in postaxial polydactyly. This cohort added useful clinical/epidemiological information to the polydactyly literature in the Chinese population and highlighted its marked clinical heterogeneity.
THE EFFECT OF INSTITUTIONAL EXPENDITURES ON EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES AND EARNINGS
Authors: Griffith Amanda L. , Rask Kevin N.
Published: March 2016

In recent decades, public attention on colleges has risen in response to rising college expenditures and costs. This study uses the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 to investigate how spending impacts salaries and employment outcomes, controlling for selection. Our findings indicate that spending on instruction increases salaries, the probability of full‐time employment, and job match, particularly for more disadvantaged students, while there are smaller benefits of spending on student services for less disadvantaged students. Spending on research has large positive impacts on salary and the probability of full‐time employment, especially for disadvantaged students. (JEL I20, J24)
Evaluation of an outreach education model over five years: Perception of dental students and their outreach clinical mentors
Authors: Leisnert L. , Redmo Emanuelsson I. , Papia E. , Ericson D.
Published: March 2016

Introduction

The objective was to investigate changes in students' and clinical mentors' perceptions of a model for outreach education over a 5‐year period, 2006–2010.

Material and method

Two cohorts of last‐year students of a dental problem‐based curriculum and their clinical mentors in the Public Dental Service (PDS) were invited to respond to a questionnaire. In 2006, 85% of 54 students and 72% of their 54 mentors responded; 98% of 40 students and 88% of 41 of the mentors did so in 2010. Participants scored their level of agreement with different statements on a numeric rating scale and gave comments.

Results

Dental students and their clinical mentors reported that they shared a consistent and favourable perception of this outreach education model over 5 years. The students reported increased professional confidence and self‐reliance. Clinical mentors expressed a transfer of knowledge to their clinics. Differences in scoring were seen between students and mentors for two statements in 2006 and two statements in 2010 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The current model for outreach education received favourable and stable ratings over the 5‐year period. This model resulted in that students perceived that they became self‐reliant, which may facilitate their transition from being a student to becoming a professional. The current model supports exchange and professional development for students, faculty and outreach clinics. This leads us to look at outreach education as an opportunity to form a mutual learning community comprised of the outreach clinics and the dental school.
Evaluation of a diagnostic microarray for the detection of major bacterial pathogens of potato from tuber samples
Authors: Degefu Y. , Somervuo P. , Aittamaa M. , Virtanen E. , Valkonen J. P. T.
Published: March 2016

Potato can be infected with many bacterial pathogens, the detection of which is necessary in seed certification. In this study, a diagnostic microarray previously tested for specificity of probes for detecting the potato bacteria causing blackleg and soft rot (Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Dickeya spp.), ring rot (Clavibacter. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus), scab (Streptomyces scabies and Streptomyces turgidiscabies) and brown rot (Ralstonia solanacearum) from pure culture was evaluated for analytical sensitivity when testing directly from tuber samples. The microarray readily detected all the bacterial species when 100 ng of the target bacterial DNA from pure culture was mixed with DNA from soil microbes and potato. However, detection was inconsistent when total DNA isolated directly from infected tubers or enriched bacterial culture was used. While the high specificity of the probes could be confirmed from the results of the DNA cocktail experiment used as a control, the study demonstrated that the level of analytical sensitivity of the microarray under the tested condition was not sufficient to detect bacteria directly from tubers. Therefore, in addition to the cost and organizational complexities, the low analytical sensitivity and limited reproducibility of the microarray are constraints for establishing the platform for routine detection of potato bacterial pathogens from tuber samples.
Importing plants into the Netherlands: an assessment of the risk of plant parasitic nematodes and a survey on their entry with adhering soil
Authors: den Nijs L. J. M. F. , van Bruggen A. S. , Karssen G.
Published: March 2016

Few plant parasitic nematodes are currently included in the European Union (EU) regulated pest lists. However, many plant parasitic nematodes not present in the EU are known to be damaging and present a risk to Europe. Therefore a study was performed to assess the risk of importing plant parasitic nematodes with the soil attached to plants for planting, with emphasis on plants in pots. Prior to the survey, a list of harmful plant parasitic nematodes not present within Europe was prepared per continent based on a literature review. This resulted in a Risk List of 26 species. Additionally, over a 3‐year period a survey was carried out on plants for planting imported to the Netherlands with adhering soil, focusing on all plant parasitic nematodes and with special attention to the nematodes on the Risk List. A total of 258 soil samples were studied, originating from 54 different plant species and 20 different countries. Despite the small number of samples, several quarantine nematodes and species from the Risk List were detected, including new nematode–plant combinations. This survey illustrates that plants with adhering soil can be a pathway for the introduction of listed nematodes, including those from the Risk List, to the EU/EPPO region. This information might encourage a more risk‐based approach to performing import inspections.
The International Plant Sentinel Network: a tool for Regional and National Plant Protection Organizations
Authors: Barham E. , Sharrock S. , Lane C. , Baker R.
Published: March 2016

Botanic gardens and arboreta are valuable but currently under‐utilized resources in plant health research. Within their vast collections of living plants, gardens play host to expatriate plant species from across the world. These plants offer unique opportunities to study damaging pest and pathogen threats before their introduction into a region where they would be considered invasive aliens. Through these studies, scientists can determine vital information related to these organisms, which can in turn be used to strengthen understanding, contribute to pest risk analysis activities and put in place appropriate quarantine measures or other management programmes. The International Plant Sentinel Network (IPSN) has been working for the last 3 years to provide the support and resources needed for gardens to contribute to such research. The next phase of the IPSN will be to coordinate this research; it will identify, facilitate and provide the already developed tools to contributing gardens. In this way, the IPSN will provide meaningful and valuable information to plant health experts which could help mitigate, or stop altogether, the damaging impacts of new and emerging invasive alien organisms.
First report of Siphonatrophia cupressi and its parasitoids in Algeria and a first record for Africa
Authors: Laamari M. , Aggoun H. , Stary P. , Cœur d'Acier A.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents the first finding of Siphonatrophia cupressi (Swain, 1918) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) for Algeria and also for the whole African continent. This aphid pest is reported for the first time from Khenchela Province, North‐Eastern Algeria, on Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.). The first observations were made in a public garden, and other colonies were detected in a nursery producing forest seedlings. Monitoring of these colonies revealed that this aphid is parasitized by Ephedrus persicae Frog and Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cress.) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae).
Novel insights into the early histopathogenesis of immunodeficiency‐associated Burkitt lymphoma: a case report of Burkitt microlymphoma arising within HIV lymphadenitis
Authors: Park David , Ozkaya Neval , Hariharan Aparna
Published: March 2016

Aims

To report a case detailing the early histopathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) positive, in the clinical setting of HIV infection.

Methods and results

We describe a 57 year‐old woman with newly diagnosed HIV infection who presented with unilateral localized axillary lymphadenopathy. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric analyses were performed and showed EBV‐positive nests of Burkitt cells, including rare nests also positive for cytomegalovirus, exclusively located within hyperplastic monocytoid B‐cell areas of HIV lymphadenitis. Due to positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings of persistent localized lymphadenopathy with markedly increased fludeoxyglucose avidity a core needle biopsy was performed. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and flow cytometric analyses confirmed BL.

Conclusions

Early histopathogenesis of HIV‐associated BL occurred as nests of EBV‐positive Burkitt cells within prominent monocytoid B‐cell areas in our case. The results equip the pathologist to identify a very subtle Burkitt microlymphoma which would allow for prompt and appropriate chemotherapeutic intervention and may promote research into the possible relationship between monocytoid B cells and BL.
Species‐specific foraging strategies and segregation mechanisms of sympatric Antarctic fulmarine petrels throughout the annual cycle
Authors: Delord Karine , Pinet Patrick , Pinaud David , Barbraud Christophe , De Grissac Sophie , Lewden Agnes , Cherel Yves , Weimerskirch Henri
Published: March 2016

Determining the year‐round distribution and behaviour of birds is necessary for a better understanding of their ecology and foraging strategies. Petrels form an important component of the high‐latitude seabird assemblages in terms of species and individuals. The distribution and foraging ecology of three sympatric fulmarine petrels (Southern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialoides, Cape Petrel Daption capense and Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea) were studied at Adélie Land, East Antarctica, by combining information from miniaturized saltwater immersion geolocators and stable isotopes from feathers. During the breeding season at a large spatial scale (c. 200 km), the three species overlapped in their foraging areas located in the vicinity of the colonies but were segregated by their diet and trophic level, as indicated by the different chick δ15N values that increased in the order Cape Petrel < Southern Fulmar < Snow Petrel. During the non‐breeding season, the three fulmarines showed species‐specific migration strategies along a wide latitudinal gradient. Snow Petrels largely remained in ice‐associated Antarctic waters, Southern Fulmars targeted primarily the sub‐Antarctic zone and Cape Petrels migrated further north. Overall, birds spent less time in flight during the non‐breeding period than during the breeding season, with the highest percentage of time spent sitting on the water occurring during the breeding season and at the beginning of the non‐breeding period before migration. This activity pattern, together with the δ13C values of most feathers, strongly suggests that moult of the three fulmarine petrels occurred at that time in the very productive high Antarctic waters, where birds fed on a combination of crustaceans and fish. The study highlights different segregating mechanisms that allow the coexistence of closely related species, specifically, prey partitioning during the breeding season and spatial segregation at sea during the non‐breeding season.
Angiogenic mechanisms of human dental pulp and their relationship with substance P expression in response to occlusal trauma
Authors: Caviedes‐Bucheli J. , Gomez‐Sosa J. F. , Azuero‐Holguin M. M. , Ormeño‐Gomez M. , Pinto‐Pascual V. , Munoz H. R.
Published: March 2016

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels based on a pre‐existing vasculature. It comprises two processes, sprouting of endothelial cells and the division of vessels due to abnormal growth of the microvasculature. It has been demonstrated that substance P (SP) can induce angiogenesis either by modulating endothelial cell growth (direct mechanism) or by attracting cells with angiogenic potential to the injury site (indirect mechanism). Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the angiogenic mechanisms that regulate mineralized tissue formation in human dental pulp tissue and their relationship with SP expression as a defence response to stimuli such as the masticatory function and occlusal trauma. Articles included in this review were searched in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases, combining the following keywords: human dentine pulp, angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factors, neuropeptides, substance P, neurogenic inflammation, dentine matrix, dentinogenesis, occlusal trauma and dental occlusion. It is concluded that human dental pulp tissue responds to occlusal trauma and masticatory function with a neurogenic inflammatory phenomenon in which SP plays an important role in the direct and indirect mechanisms of angiogenesis by the action evoked via NK1 receptors at different cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial and inflammatory cells, leading to new blood vessel formation which are needed to stimulate mineralized tissue formation as a defence mechanism.
Double‐Torsion Measurements of the Brittle‐to‐Ductile Transition Temperature in Calcium Aluminosilicate Glasses
Authors: Ferri Luiz E. , Hoff Kyle C. , Baker Shefford P.
Published: March 2016

While normally thought of as brittle, glass undergoes a brittle‐to‐ductile transition (BDT) as temperature increases and viscosity decreases. Understanding this transition is important both in glass manufacturing, particularly for thin sheet applications such as display glass, and in fundamental studies. A high‐temperature double‐torsion test apparatus has been developed and used to determine the BDT temperature of two commercial calcium aluminosilicate glasses. The BDT temperature can be found with high precision and compared with other characteristic temperatures such as the glass transition temperature or the softening point. The strain rate sensitivity of the BDT temperature is demonstrated.
Nurse–physician collaboration impacts job satisfaction and turnover among nurses: A hospital‐based cross‐sectional study in Beijing
Authors: Zhang Lin , Huang Lei , Liu Meng , Yan Hong , Li Xiue
Published: March 2016

This study aims to explore the impact of physician–nurse collaboration on nurse job satisfaction and turnover in a dental hospital. Physician–nurse collaboration is important for the stability of the entire nursing team. Few studies have shown the impact on job satisfaction and turnover among nurses working in Chinese dental hospitals. This was a prospective, cross‐sectional study and investigated nurses from a tertiary dental hospital in Beijing using convenience non‐randomized sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which included general information, the Index of Work Satisfaction, the Nurse–Physician Collaboration Scale and the Turnover Intention Scale. The scores of physician–nurse collaboration correlated positively with those for job satisfaction and negatively with the stated likelihood of turnover intention. Physician–nurse collaboration scores positively predicted job satisfaction and negatively predicted the likelihood of quitting the current job. In conclusion, improving the level of physician–nurse collaboration is helpful to enhance job satisfaction and reduce turnover among nurses in a dental hospital.
Social Effects of Movement Synchrony: Increased Infant Helpfulness only Transfers to Affiliates of Synchronously Moving Partners
Authors: Cirelli Laura K. , Wan Stephanie J. , Trainor Laurel J.
Published: March 2016

Interpersonal synchrony increases cooperation among adults, children, and infants. We tested whether increased infant helpfulness transfers to individuals uninvolved in the movement, but shown to be affiliates of a synchronously moving partner. Initially, 14‐month‐old infants (N = 48) watched a live skit by Experimenters 1 and 2 that either demonstrated affiliation or individuality. Infants in both groups were then randomly assigned to be bounced to music either synchronously or asynchronously with Experimenter 1. Infant instrumental helpfulness toward Experimenter 2 was then measured. If the two experimenters were affiliates, infants from the synchronous movement condition were significantly more helpful toward Experimenter 2 than infants from the asynchronous movement condition. However, if the two experimenters were not affiliated, synchrony effects on prosociality did not transfer to Experimenter 2. These results show the importance of musical synchrony for social interaction and suggest that infants may use an understanding of third‐party social relationships when directing their own social behaviors.
Impact of alcohol consumption on clinical aspects of gambling disorder
Authors: del Pino‐Gutiérrez Amparo , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Granero Roser , Tárrega Salomé , Valdepérez Ana , Agüera Zaida , Håkansson Anders , Sauvaget Anne , Aymamí Neus , Gómez‐Peña Mónica , Moragas Laura , Baño Marta , Honrubia María , Menchón José M. , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana
Published: March 2016

Similarities between gambling disorder and substance use disorders have been extensively described. To date, however, few studies using large clinical samples have been carried out that reliably assess the relationship between different levels of alcohol consumption and gambling disorders. The present study aimed to assess the impact of baseline alcohol consumption levels on the clinical profile in a large sample of treatment‐seeking individuals. Nine hundred and fifty‐one consecutive outpatients diagnosed with gambling disorder according to DSM‐IV criteria were compared after being included in three alcohol consumption groups (low risk, abuse and risk of dependence) based on their total raw scores on the AUDIT questionnaire. Results showed a high prevalence of risk of alcohol dependence in GD patients who were immigrants, unemployed, and had a low level of education. A positive linear trend was also found between alcohol consumption level and the prevalence of other current and life‐time comorbid mental disorders, and for the presence of drug abuse. Statistically significant differences were found between the three alcohol consumption groups in terms of the evolution and severity of the gambling disorder, self‐directedness personality trait, and levels of general psychopathology, hostility and paranoid ideation. In conclusion, the results showed an association between increased alcohol consumption and greater dysfunction.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein to monitor treatment outcomes in diabetic foot osteomyelitis
Authors: van Asten Suzanne AV , Jupiter Daniel C , Mithani Moez , La Fontaine Javier , Davis Kathryn E , Lavery Lawrence A
Published: March 2016

This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the inflammatory markers, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP), in monitoring treatment of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. We screened 150 charts of patients admitted to our hospital with diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO), confirmed by positive results of bone culture and/or histopathology. We included patients who had an initial ESR/CRP within 72 hours of admission and two reported follow‐up values. We dichotomised patients based on the outcomes wound healing, re‐infection, recurrent ulceration, re‐hospitalisation, additional surgery, re‐amputation and death, all within 12 months, and analysed the trajectories of the markers over time. Our primary outcome, DFO remission, was defined as wound healing within 12 months of follow‐up without re‐infection. We included 122 subjects; 65 patients (53·3%) had a combination of positive culture and histopathology. Factors associated with DFO remission (n = 46) were a lower white blood count (WBC) at admission (P = 0·006) and a higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR, P = 0·049). Factors associated with healing were a lower WBC (P = 0·004), a higher GFR (P = 0·01), longer wound duration before admission (P = 0·01), location of the ulcer on the great toe (P = 0·01) and higher glycated haemoglobin (P = 0·03). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated no associations between DFO remission and other variables collected. Trajectories of the inflammatory markers showed an association between stagnating values of ESR and CRP and poor clinical outcomes. In this study population, the trajectories of both ESR and CRP during 12 months follow‐up suggest a predictive role of both inflammatory markers when monitoring treatment of DFO.
MoSi2 Oxidation in 670–1498 K Water Vapor
Authors: Sooby Wood Elizabeth , Parker Stephen S. , Nelson Andrew T. , Maloy Stuart A.
Published: March 2016

Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) has well documented oxidation resistance at high temperature (T > 1273 K) in dry O2 containing atmospheres due to the formation of a passive SiO2 surface layer. However, its behavior under atmospheres where water vapor is the dominant species has received far less attention. Oxidation testing of MoSi2 was performed at temperatures ranging from 670–1498 K in both 75% water vapor and synthetic air (Ar‐O2, 80%–20%) containing atmospheres. Here the thermogravimetric and microscopy data describing these phenomena are presented. Over the temperature range investigated, MoSi2 displays more mass gain in water vapor than in air. The oxidation kinetics observed in water vapor differ from that of the air samples. Two volatile oxides, MoO2(OH)2 and Si(OH)4, are thought to be the species responsible for the varied kinetics, at 670–877 K and at 1498 K, respectively. Increased oxidation (140–300 mg/cm2) was observed from 980–1084 K in water vapor, where passivation is observed in air.
Family, Peer, and Pubertal Determinants of Dating Involvement Among Adolescents
Authors: Low Sabina , Shortt Joann Wu
Published: March 2016

This study examines the influence of family, peer, and biological contributors to dating involvement among early adolescents (11–14 years of age; n = 244). Further, we assess how parental monitoring may be modified by pubertal maturation and older sibling risky behavior. Data on delinquent peer affiliation, pubertal maturation, parental monitoring, older sibling risky behavior, and dating involvement were gathered through observations and surveys from adolescents, mothers, older siblings, and teachers. Results indicate that lower levels of parental monitoring and higher levels of older sibling risky behavior were related to adolescents' dating involvement through delinquent peer affiliation. Pubertal maturation was directly related to dating involvement for early daters. Findings emphasize the value of examining social and biological factors, in concert, over time.
Effects of multistrain probiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, faecal microbial shedding, faecal score and noxious gas emission in weaning pigs
Authors: Lan R. X. , Lee S. I. , Kim I. H.
Published: March 2016

This experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of multistrain probiotics in weaning pigs. A total of 125 28‐day‐old weaning pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an initial average body weight (BW) of 7.26 ± 0.76 kg were randomly allotted into 5 treatments, 5 replicate pens/treatment with 5 pigs/pen for 42‐day experiment. Dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; PC1, CON + 0.01% multistrain probiotics; PC2, CON + 0.03% multistrain probiotics; PC3, CON + 0.06% multistrain probiotics; PC4, CON + 0.1% multistrain probiotics. On day 14, pigs fed the PC4 diet had higher BW gain than pigs fed the CON diet. On day 42, pigs fed multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had higher BW gain than pigs fed the CON diet. From days 1 to 14, pigs fed the PC2, PC3 and PC4 diets had higher (p < 0.05) ADG than pigs fed the CON diet. From day 15 to 42, pigs fed the multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had higher (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and gain: feed ratio (G:F) than pigs fed the CON diet. In the overall period, pigs fed the multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had higher (p < 0.05) ADG and pigs fed the PC2 and PC4 diets had higher (p < 0.05) G:F than pigs fed the CON diet. On day 42, pigs fed the PC4 diet had higher (p < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and gross energy (GE), faecal Lactobacillus counts and lower (p < 0.05) E. coli counts and NH3 emission than pigs fed the CON diet. Pigs fed the multistrain probiotics supplementation diets had lower (p < 0.05) H2S and total mercaptans emissions than pigs fed the CON diet. Conclusions, dietary supplementation with 0.1% probiotics improved growth performance, nutrition digestibility and intestinal microflora balance and decreased faecal noxious gas emissions in weaning pigs.
New Constellations of Difference in Europe's 21st‐Century Museumscape
Authors: Macdonald Sharon
Published: March 2016

This article addresses some of the recent, ongoing, and planned reconfigurations of museums in Europe in light of their implications for the making of cultural difference, diversity, and citizenship. It argues that these are configured not only through the internal content of particular museums but also through divisions of classificatory labor and hierarchies of value between kinds of museums and their locations within cities and within nations—that is, through constellations of difference within museumscapes. It examines this in relation to examples of planned and realized new museums, including of Europe, national history, and world museums. Particular attention is given here to the fate of ethnographic or ethnological museums—museums that have had especially significant places in the coordination of difference and identity—and to the consequences of this within shifting grounds of belonging and cultural citizenship. The article then discusses some potential consequences of museum configuration within one city by looking at plans for reconfiguring Berlin's museumscape, especially in relation to the Humboldt Forum, in reconstructed facades of a former palace in the center of the urban and national museumscape.
On Not Showing Scalps: Human Remains and Multisited Debate at the National Museum of Denmark
Authors: Marselis Randi
Published: March 2016

Museums are increasingly taking the cultural values of source communities into account in their representational strategies, and that means that they now face the challenge of explaining to their publics how social responsibility toward distant source communities informs the choices each museum makes. This article examines how the National Museum of Denmark attempted to inform and discuss with the Danish public the museum's decision to not exhibit scalps in their temporary exhibition on Native American culture,Powwow: We Dance, We're Alive. Building on the new, contingent museum ethics proposed by Janet Marstine, the editor of theRoutledge Companion to Museum Ethics, I show how the museum succeeded in engaging users in questions of museum ethics. However, this specific debate on human remains in museums developed into an encounter between a global, museological discourse on the responsibility of museum institutions toward indigenous groups and a common discourse in Danish political debates that views consideration toward the sensibilities of specific ethnic groups as a threat toward free speech and rational knowledge.
Novel calcium infusion regimen after parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Tan Jih Huei , Tan Henry Chor Lip , Loke Seng Cheong , Arulanantham Sarojah A/P
Published: March 2016

Aim

Calcium infusion is used after parathyroid surgery for renal hyperparathyroidism to treat postoperative hypocalcaemia. We compared a new infusion regimen to one commonly used in Malaysia based on 2003 K/DOQI guidelines.

Methods

Retrospective data on serum calcium and infusion rates was collected from 2011–2015. The relationship between peak calcium efflux (PER) and time was determined using a scatterplot and linear regression. A comparison between regimens was made based on treatment efficacy (hypocalcaemia duration, total infusion amount and time) and calcium excursions (outside target range, peak and trough calcium) using bar charts and an unpaired t‐test.

Results

Fifty‐one and 34 patients on the original and new regimens respectively were included. Mean PER was lower (2.16 vs 2.56 mmol/h; P = 0.03) and occurred earlier (17.6 vs 23.2 h; P = 0.13) for the new regimen. Both scatterplot and regression showed a large correlation between PER and time (R‐square 0.64, SE 1.53, P < 0.001). The new regimen had shorter period of hypocalcaemia (28.9 vs 66.4 h, P = 0.04), and required less calcium infusion (67.7 vs 127.2 mmol, P = 0.02) for a shorter duration (57.3 vs 102.9 h, P = 0.001). Calcium excursions, peak and trough calcium were not significantly different between regimens. Early postoperative high excursions occurred when the infusion was started in spite of elevated peri‐operative calcium levels.

Conclusion

The new infusion regimen was superior to the original in that it required a shorter treatment period and resulted in less hypocalcaemia. We found that early aggressive calcium replacement is unnecessary and raises the risk of rebound hypercalcemia.
Functional total anomalous pulmonary venous connection via levoatriocardinal vein
Authors: Hayashi Taiyu , Ozawa Katsusuke , Sugibayashi Rika , Wada Seiji , Ono Hiroshi
Published: March 2016

We report a fetal case of double outlet right ventricle, mitral atresia, and intact atrial septum. Although the pulmonary veins were connected to the left atrium, pulmonary venous blood drained into the right superior vena cava via the stenotic levoatriocardinal vein (LACV), which resulted in a circulation resembling total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) with pulmonary venous obstruction. Since the pulmonary veins were connected to both the stenotic LACV and the “dead‐end” left atrium, the pulmonary venous flow had a to‐and‐fro pattern along with atrial relaxation and contraction. Postnatal echocardiography and computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis of normally connected but anomalously draining pulmonary veins via the LACV. Surgical creation of an atrial septal defect on the day of birth successfully relieved pulmonary venous obstruction. Normally connected but anomalously draining pulmonary veins via the LACV should be considered for TAPVC differential diagnosis in fetuses with a left‐side heart obstruction.
Molecular characterization of elm yellows phytoplasmas in Croatia and their impact on Ulmus spp.
Authors: Katanić Z. , Krstin L. , Ježić M. , Zebec M. , Ćurković‐Perica M.
Published: March 2016

‘Candidatus (Ca.) Phytoplasma ulmi’, the causal agent of elm yellows, was found widely distributed across elm populations in Croatia, infecting Ulmus laevis and Ulmus minor. Especially high prevalence of the infection, approximately 75%, was detected in U. laevis, but more than half of the trees were symptomless. ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ and ‘Ca. Phytoplasma asteris’ were also detected. The latter could possibly represent a new 16SrI subgroup, most closely related to 16SrI‐B. Diversity of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi’ in Croatia was determined by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, ribosomal protein genes rpl22 and rps3, secY and secY‐map genes, in 62 phytoplasma isolates. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Croatian isolates share a common origin and are closely related to strains of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi’ from southeastern Europe. However, comparative sequence analysis revealed mutations at positions where variability has never been detected before, including positions within sequences unique to ‘Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi’ in the 16S rRNA gene, rpl22, rps3 and secY. New genotypes were identified based on the sequenced genes. This study points to a significantly higher genetic diversity than previously reported, and a necessity to revise the formal description of this phytoplasma species and to include newly discovered characteristics.
Lifetime and 12‐Month Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury and Academic Performance in College Freshmen
Authors: Kiekens Glenn , Claes Laurence , Demyttenaere Koen , Auerbach Randy P. , Green Jennifer G. , Kessler Ronald C. , Mortier Philippe , Nock Matthew K. , Bruffaerts Ronny
Published: March 2016

We examined whether nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is associated with academic performance in college freshmen, using census‐based web surveys (N = 7,527; response = 65.4%). NSSI was assessed with items from the Self‐Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview and subsequently linked with the administratively recorded academic year percentage (AYP). Freshmen with lifetime and 12‐month NSSI showed a reduction in AYP of 3.4% and 5.9%, respectively. The college environment was found to moderate the effect of 12‐month NSSI, with more strongly reduced AYPs in departments with higher‐than‐average mean departmental AYPs. The findings suggest that overall stress and test anxiety are underlying processes between NSSI membership and academic performance.