bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imagining the Arabs
Authors: Hughes Aaron W.
Published: October 2020

I often tell graduate students that there are three constituent parts to cuttingedgescholarship: (1) the requisite linguistic and historical training, (2) creativityand imagination, and (3) a bold vision that desires to take inheritedideas and subject them to new and rigorous analyses. Very few can do this,but those who can end up radically transforming our understanding of a topic.I am happy to say that Peter Webb has met all three of these criteria in hiswonderful and thought-provoking Imagining the Arabs. He has presented uswith a paradigm-shifting study, and all subsequent work on the topic will haveto wrestle with his monograph.Webb’s goal is sufficiently bold: to rethink the Arabs – who they were,what they believed, where they came from, and how they were imagined byvarious elites in the early Islamic period. Received opinion has, like so muchin early Islamic history, simply repeated what the earliest sources (paradoxicallyfrom later periods) tell us. The assumption is that such sources must betrue because there is no reason why they should not be. Why, for example,should they cultivate untruths or spread ideological rumors? Instead of adopting,as so many do, a posture of gullibility, Webb prefers to see such texts asengaged in the dual processes of ethnogenesis and mythopoesis.Tradition assumes that the Arabs were a homogenous group of of Bedouinsthat have inhabited the Arabian Peninsula since Antiquity. This would be akin,as Webb informs us, of assuming that all of the first nations in North Americawere essentially the same with respect to religion, culture, and ethnicity, andsomething that ignores that the aforementioned terms have distinct lineages inmodern political and nationalist thought. Then in the seventh century CE, sothe story continues, these Arabs adopted a new faith, to wit, Islam, and rapidlyconquered the Middle East and beyond. Study after study has simply assumedthat these “Arabs,” while sensitive to poetry, represented a form of militarized ...
Islamic Ethics in Dialogue with Socrates, Jesus, and Confucius
Authors: Adeel M. Ashraf
Published: October 2020

This paper argues that Islamic ethics is a retaliatory ethics only atthe socio-political level. In personal morality, it resembles theethics of Socrates and Jesus of not returning wrong for wrong. Acomparison is also undertaken with Confucian ethics.
Confronting Challenges in Islamic Studies
Authors: Wright Brian
Published: October 2020

At the 2016 meeting of the American Academy of Religion in San Antonio,the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) hosted the third annualIsmail al Faruqi Memorial Lecture. Delivered by Ahmad Atef Ahmad (Universityof California Santa Barbara), the lecture focused on the changing academicfield of Islamic studies: where the field has been, where it is now, andwhere it should go in the future.Ahmad began by outlining the history of approaching both Islamic studiesand comparative religion in general. After decades of claiming neutrality, hebelieves that the field has now reached a new phase. “In the past there was anassumption that there is a neutral, global set of rules and tools that can help usunderstand religion, like those of philosophy or anthropology. However, overtime we have come to realize that these tools are in no way neutral and comewith their own kinds of baggage.” This failure of neutrality has particularlyaffected scholars of Islam, because “You find that Muslim scholars who taketheir primary sources seriously find the deck stacked against them, especiallyfor those who are working in the West and trying to engage in conversationswith other religious traditions.”As a result of the realization that the tools of religious studies cannot beneutral, academia has undergone a significant shift ...
The Foundation of Knowledge
Authors: Safi Louay
Published: October 2020

The interlinked nature or interconnected dimension of al-‘ulūm al-Islāmīyah(Islamic sciences), which comprise such areas as syntax, morphology, semantics,linguistic philosophy, logic, legal theory and jurisprudence, prosody, rhetoric,exegesis, hadith, and one or two related others, has arguably remainedan unsung story in contemporary scholarship. Such an interesting feature ofIslamic traditional knowledge should not be obscured, especially in view ofthe centrality of such areas of learning to uṣūl al-fiqh (the science of Islamicjurisprudence), which cannot be a functional whole if any of them are absent.The work under review, The Foundation of Knowledge, has done creditablywell by not only underscoring such interconnectedness, but also by analyzing(somewhat comparatively) the classical Muslim and modern western methodswith a view to exposing the inadequacy of established methods before attemptinga creative synthesis of the two.
The Emergence of Modern Shi‘ism
Authors: Takim Liyakat
Published: October 2020

This is the first comprehensive work on the origins, development, and sociopoliticalramifications of the Usuli movement within Twelver Shi‘ism. Giventhat Wahid Bihbahani (1709-91), the founder and catalyst for Usuli revivalismduring the nineteenth century, is barely known in the West, it is a welcome additionto the growing Western literature on medieval and modern Shi‘ism. Thisongoing movement is the most powerful force in Twelver Shi‘ism.Using a wide range of primary and secondary sources, Heern highlightsthe emergence of modern Usulism during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.While locating its genesis within a global context, he outlines its ideologicalroots, historical background, and development. His central argument isthat Usulism was a response to the ummah’s changing sociopolitical conditionsand part of a wider trend of Islamic reform and revivalist movements that beganin the eighteenth century. He maintains that its emergence enabled the Shi‘iclerical establishment to attain sociopolitical and economic ascendancy in Iranand Iraq, and that the movement survived without government patronage bycultivating transnational links with the Shi‘i laity. For him, Shi‘i Islam’s recentascendancy is the result of the neo-Usuli movement ...
The Muslimah Who Fell to Earth
Authors: Bullock Katherine
Published: October 2020

Prompted by a chance encounter with a colleague who had commented thatSamia Hussain was the only Muslimah she knew – in a city in which about12% of the population is Muslim –the author reached out across Canada to assemblean edited collection of autobiographical essays by Canadian Muslimahs:The Muslimah Who Fell to Earth: Personal Stories by CanadianMuslim Women. She asked them to “share their personal experiences relatingto what it meant for them to be Canadians and Muslims, to tell readers detailsabout their lives, their concerns, and their aspirations” (p. 2).Hussain made “considerable effort to reflect the diversity of Canada’s Muslimpopulation” (p. 2), recounting at a book launch how she approachedstrangers on the street to ask them to contribute. This effort, which surely ledto the inclusion of people who might otherwise have been left out, is also thesource of my only minor criticism: Inviting women who are not normally writersto write their own stories gives the book a slightly uneven quality. I wishthat Hussain had taken a stronger role as editor and tidied up those pieces thatare a bit choppy, hard to follow due to missing elements, or end abruptly withouta seeming conclusion. Of course, that is also the beauty of the collection,for writers normally already have some kind of public presence. Bringing outthe voices of ordinary Muslimahs so that readers can “meet” women theywould not otherwise meet is a gift of bridge building ...
Controversies in Formative Shiʿi Islam
Authors: Rizvi Sajjad
Published: October 2020

Research into the formative period of Shiʿi Islam has come a long way inthe last couple of decades. This welcome development has been inspired,in particular, by the work of Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi, whose main insighthas been to posit that “ancient” Shiʿism is marked precisely by thosedoctrines and positions that the later rationalizing tradition rejected as “extreme”(ghulūw). This particular form of heretication and othering made sense once the communities had been established; were seeking officialrecognition by the Abbasid and other royal courts; and developed the institutionsof learning, as well as structures and hierarchies, visible in otherMuslim confessions.Nevertheless, there remained the questions of what made Shiʿi Islamdistinct, how one could differentiate among those tendencies that definedthemselves as Shiʿi, and what sort of construction was “extremism” (I recognizethat this is a highly inadequate rendition of ghulūw). Amir-Moezzi’scontribution is further complicated by Hossein Modarressi’s groundbreakingstudy of the formative period during the early 1990s, in which heposited that ghulūw was exterior to the circle of the Imams and perceivedas a constant contrast and threat to the moderation of the scholarly communitythat remains to this day ...
Debates on Civilization in the Muslim World
Authors: Parray Tauseef Ahmad
Published: October 2020

“Civilization,” which plays a significant role in today’s world, is a termthat has been discussed and debated through the ages and remains so today.In the broader context, and at different levels and contexts (e.g., historical,cultural, and political), it is used to describe “the entirety of collective90human values”; “consequential behavior against barbarism” (or simply “theidea of being civilized”); as a “vision of existence and order”; and, aboveall, as “being an abstraction of modernity and secularism.” One of the mostoft-debated concepts in the social sciences, it has largely been framed byWestern assumptions and concerns; although there are non-Western perspectiveson it as well. A recent addition to the multi-faceted debate on civilizationand modernization vis-à-vis the Muslim world is editor LutfiSunar’s Debates on Civilization in the Muslim World. Sunar is a Turkishsociologist who teaches at Istanbul University.This collective endeavor of (predominantly young) Muslim scholarsseeks to evaluate Muslim views on civilization by challenging the “embeddedprejudices within the social theory” and offering “alternative viewpoints”(p. vii). It presents “a complex assessment of key ideas in themodernist discourse from non-ethnocentric perspectives and offers a newunderstanding of civilization” (p. viii).To achieve this objective, the book has been divided into three mainparts. Part 1, “Defining and Discussing Civilization,” consists of threechapters, by Anthony Pagden, Lutfi Sunar, and Mustafa Demirici, respectively,that review, analyze, and discuss definitions of civilization andmodernity and their “Eurocentric” understandings. Part 2, “Debates on theCivilization in the Contemporary Muslim World,” examines non-Westerncivilizations, efforts to resist against being assimilated in Western perspectivesand dominance. These chapters are contributed by Vahdettin Isik,Cemil Aydin, Necmettin Dogan, Halil Ibrahim Yenigun, Seyed Javad Miri,Mahmud Hakki Akin, and Driss Habti, respectively. Part 3, “Modernization,Globalization, and the Future of Civilization Debate,” features chaptersby Syed Farid Alatas, Yunus Kaya, Murat Cemrek, and KhosrowBagheri Noaparast, respectively. The volume’s overall theme is designed“to expose complex issues for further discussion pertaining to modernization,globalization, (de)colonization, and multiculturalism” (p. vii). As it isdifficult to focus on all the chapters, I provide a brief assessment of someselected ones below ...
A Brief Introduction to Quranic Exegesis
Authors: Vaid Mobeen
Published: October 2020

Ali Suleiman Ali’s A Brief Introduction to Quranic Exegesis provides a lucidsummary of the Quranic exegetical genre, beginning with the exegeticalpractices of the Prophet’s Companions and concluding with modern exegeticaltrends. Drawing largely from classical Sunni literature, Ali’s work isconfessional but nonetheless conversant with Orientalist examinations andcritical treatments of the tradition. In his introduction, Ali states that heintended to provide something “brief and descriptive not analytical,” whichis an accurate characterization of the work. It is considerably more detailedthan the cursory summary included in Von Denffer’s popular Ulumal-Quran, while retaining an accessibility for undergraduate and graduatestudents gaining initial exposure to the Quranic text and its concomitantexplanations ...
Us Versus Them
Authors: Green Todd
Published: October 2020

The intersection of Islamophobia and US foreign policy has attracted considerablescholarly attention since 9/11. Landmark books exploring thisconnection include Mahmood Mamdani’s Good Muslim, Bad Muslim:America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terrorism, and Deepa Kumar’s Islamophobiaand the Politics of Empire. 

Douglas Little’s Us Versus Them: The United States, Radical Islam, andthe Rise of the Green Threat is not as ambitious as these studies. It does notforge new theoretical ground in our understanding of how Islamophobiais instrumentalized to bolster US foreign policy objectives. But this is notnecessarily a criticism. Little’s purpose is more modest, though his projectno less difficult. He seeks to provide a lively, accessible introduction to USengagement with Muslim extremists since the end of the Cold War and theproblematic paradigms that have shaped this policy. In this task, he succeedsadmirably ...
Exploring the Qur’an
Authors: Sidky Lamya
Published: October 2020

Exploring the Qur’an: Context and Impact is a highly perceptive, technicalstudy of the Qur’anic text that seeks to exonerate the Qur’an from claimsof extremism, intolerance, or incoherence. This is accomplished throughcontextualizing the content and highlighting the impact of the Qur’anicmessage as applied throughout history. The underlying premise of its approachis that a perceptive and faithful reading of the Qur’an will resultin the Qur’an exonerating itself through consistency in its own messages,rhetorical devices, and norms. In essence, it is a specific way of applyingtafsīr al-Qur’ān bil-Qur’ān (explanation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an). Thisbook is unique in the field of Qur’anic coherence in that it presents a consistentmethod of interpretation that is applied to a diverse range of Qur’anicsubjects, not simply a study of the Qur’an’s structure nor primarily of itsArabic. It builds on previous efforts, such as Mustansir Mir’s summary ofHamid al-Din ‘Abd al-Hamid al-Farahi’s work on Qur’anic oaths, Majmū‘ati-Tafsīr-i-Farāhī, yet advances its own distinctive premise. The book hasthree sections, each consisting of several chapters, five of which are originalto this book. This does not detract from the cohesiveness of the book. AbdelHaleem’s technical yet accessible style pervades throughout and consistencyin his chosen axioms of interpretation tie the book’s parts together ...
In Good Company
Authors: Khan Fareeha
Published: October 2020

When I first walked into the living quarters of Begum Noor Jahan ZareefThanawi (1931-2017) in Karachi, I was fatigued from jetlag and notexpecting much to come of the meeting except polite verbal exchanges.But as I absorbed the functionality of every item in the sparsely furnishedroom, and the immense level of spiritual focus she carried within her frail(though still somehow strong!) physical frame, I realized I was sitting in thecompany of no ordinary woman. It was about Begum Zareef that Dr. ‘Abdal-Hayy ‘Arifi—one-time nāẓim of Dar al-‘Ulum Karachi and spiritual successorto Ashraf ‘Ali Thanawi—had remarked, “If we gave khilāfat (spiritualsuccessorship) to women, we would have given it to her.” Though not givenpermission to take spiritual disciples, her sheikh had given her a generalallowance to teach the religious sciences to women. She taught Qur’anicexegesis (tafsīr) for decades out of her home; wrote numerous pamphletson spirituality and religious practice; and published a volume on the legalrulings of Hajj, with a special focus on related women’s issues.If Begum Zareef were asked what was the secret that persuaded hersheikh to give her such a wide allowance to teach, I know her answer wouldbe the pious company (of her sheikh and others) that she kept throughouther life. As Ashraf ‘Ali Thanawi clarifies in Fawāʾid al-ṣuḥba, his famouslecture cited by Darakhshan Khan, it was the ṣuḥba (company) they’d keptthat made the Companions (Ṣaḥāba) who they were. Were it not for thefact that they had sat with the Messenger of God, they would not have attainedtheir otherwise unattainable spiritual and religious rank, and theywould not be seen as a necessary source of religious knowledge for all Muslimswho came after them. In my own book,1 I argue that ṣuḥba, in fact,lies at the spiritual center of Sunni Islam. For one to be a “real Sunni,” onedoes not merely have to accept the probity of every one of the Ṣaḥāba; onemust also accept that the preservation and continuation of true religious ...
Response to Professor Feldmeier
Authors: Shore Paul John
Published: October 2020

Professor Feldmeier’s thoughtful response provides a useful context forconsidering both Lomellini’s work and the undertakings of seventeenthcentury Jesuits more generally. Jesuits such as De Nobili and Ricci were exceptionaland deeply engaged with the cultures with which they dialogued.Far more Jesuits were like Lomellini and knew what they believed to be trueabout other faith traditions from informants or books. Since these Jesuitshelped shape European perceptions of Islam, we need to learn more abouthow they understood that faith, and their own faith as well.
Editorial
Authors: Anjum Ovamir
Published: October 2020

Historical thinking, a necessary tool for us to make sense of an increasinglycomplex world, is on a path of decline across the world. In a recent NewYorker article entitled “The Decline of Historical Thinking” (February 4,2019), Eric Alterman, an English Professor at CUNY and a public intellectual,bemoaned the nosedive that enrollment in history departments hastaken in universities across the United States. For the past decade, historyhas been declining more rapidly than any other major and across allethnic and racial groups, even as more and more students attend college.The steep decline in history graduates (about a third!) becomes especiallyvisible after 2011, presumably in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisiswhen students and parents at the lower rungs of society began to worryabout the financial return of investment in a college education. History isthe top loser, but it is not the only one; in fact, nearly the same rate of declineis evident in other humanities fields including area studies, languages,philosophy, and, to a slightly lesser extent, social sciences (political science,anthropology, sociology, IR, education). The winners, not surprisingly, areSTEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math), particularly computerscience and health related majors.1 This trend is not a great surprise initself. What is unexpected, however, is that the decline is not uniform. Inelite universities in the United States, the humanities majors are thriving;history remains among the top declared majors at Yale, for instance. Theeducated elite, in other words, are becoming systematically differentiatedfrom the vast majority of people (“the demos”) in a powerful democracy,one that still sets intellectual and political trends in the world, and one ...
Guest Editorial
Authors: Daniels Timothy P.
Published: October 2020

The papers included in this special issue (and the one following) grew outof contributions presented on the panel “Ethnography, Misrepresentationsof Islam, and Advocacy” at the 116th Annual Meeting of the AmericanAnthropological Association (AAA) held in Washington, DC during lateNovember and early December 2017. Meryem Zaman and I, the panelco-organizers, felt motivated to draw upon our expertise as anthropologiststo respond to the widespread attacks on Islam and Muslims by Americanpoliticians, government officials, and media outlets. We called on ourfellow social scientists to draw upon their ethnographic experiences tocorrect misrepresentations of Islam and to advocate for Muslims who areincreasingly threatened by anti-Muslim hate and violence. Robert Hefner,James Edmonds, Alisa Perkins, Yamil Avivi, and Katrina Thompson joinedus as presenters on the AAA panel.Meryem and I were keenly aware that doing ethnography brings researchersinto interpersonal relationships, interactions, and dialogue withMuslims. We participate in protests with Muslim youth, discussions withSufi sheikhs, tea parties with members of Islamic revival movements,multi-religious prayer vigils, advocacy projects with Latina Muslims, masjidfundraisers, and worship with queer Muslims. Moreover, as social scientistswe are trained to carefully consider the ways we represent othersas we write ethnographic reports and vignettes. Equipped with knowledgeand insights gained from their ethnographic experiences, contributors tothese special issues have tried to challenge misrepresentations of Islam and ...
Índice de masa corporal y flexibilidad lumbar en habitantes de una cooperativa de vivienda, Lima
Authors: Ortega-Borja Luz M. , Rodriguez-Brañez Jessica M. , Santiago-Bazan Cristhian
Published: October 2020

Objetivo. Relacionar el índice de masa corporal y flexibilidad lumbar en habitantes de una cooperativa de vivienda, Lima.

Material y Métodos. Fue un estudio descriptivo, transversal, correlacional, se tuvo en consideración la participación de 209 habitantes de una cooperativa de vivienda San Juan de Lurigancho Perú, el cual se obtuvo a través de un muestreo probabilístico, se utilizó una ficha de recolección donde su tuvo en consideración datos sociodemográficos y la puntuación del índice de Masa corporal basada en los valores de la Organización Mundial de la salud, para medir la flexibilidad de la columna lumbar el test de Schober.

Resultados. Se evidencio que no existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el índice de masa corporal y la flexión lumbar. Así mismo se observa una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la flexibilidad de la región lumbar (flexión y extensión) relacionada a la edad (p=0,000) y la flexibilidad de la columna en extensión relacionada a la ocupación laboral(p=0,002). Por otro lado, el 50,7% (106) presenta sobrepeso.

Conclusión. La obesidad no solo es un problema de salud pública presente en diferentes edades a nivel mundial el cual no solo afecta al sistema cardiovascular sino también al aparato locomotor. Si bien no se presentó una relación estadísticamente significativa es necesario realizar este tipo de estudio en diferentes poblaciones a futuro.
Model Identifikasi Pemalsuan Ijazah menggunakan Gabor Wavelet dan Gaussian Mixture Models Super Vektor (GMM-SV)
Authors: Alfina Alfina , Nasir Dzulgunar Muhammad
Published: October 2020

Various cases occur related to certificate falsification and some people and educational institutions have to deal with the law, this problem is not impossible to abuse along with advances and technological innovation with various tools that can be used by anyone. Identifying the diploma document must be of particular concern to tertiary institutions to minimize the associated fake diplomas and the diploma legalization process. In legalizing the diploma for STMIK Indonesia Banda Aceh students, checking the authenticity of the certificate is only by bringing the original certificate and photocopy of the certificate or by contacting the academic party who issued the certificate, this process is sometimes missed by officers when the queue is crowded. The specific objectives of the research include implementing a model and feature method of Gabor Wavelet and Gaussian Mixture Models Super Vector (GMM-SV) for document identification to speed up diploma identification. The flow of this research starts from the input in the form of a basic image as an image that a reference for the authenticity of the diploma. Then the test image input is an image that will be tested for authenticity. The results showed that using the Gabor Wavelet feature and the Gaussian Mixture Models Super Vector (GMM-SV) could identify fake diplomas with an accuracy rate of 92.8%.Keywords:Model, Identification, Certificate Falsification, Gabor Wavelet, Gaussian Mixture Models Super Vector (GMM-SV).
Assessment of Genetic Divergence in Mutant Lines of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Makinde Sunday Clement , Onyemeka Regland
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Mutation breeding is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals or radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits. Aim: This study is aimed at assessing the genetic variability among mutant lines of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) generated from a variety of tomato (Roma VF) using two different chemo-mutagens. Materials and Method: The collected seeds were exposed to different concentrations of Sodium azide and Colchicine with varied period of exposure. The seeds were planted and selected 49 positive mutant lines were assessed for morphological genetic variability and yield. 18 mutant lines that produced fruits were tagged and selected. The fruits of the selected mutants were harvested and the seeds (M2 seeds) were subsequently planted for divergence analysis. Ten quantitative characters and twenty qualitative characters were scored using IPGRI standard tomato descriptor. The potted experiment was laid out in the Green House, using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Result: The results of this study revealed a high genetic divergence among the mutant lines in both quantitative and qualitative characters. There was significant LSD (0.05) for Germination percentage (7.66), Plant height at maturity (7.05) and Number of leaves at maturity (4.56). The yield (fresh fruit weight) varied significantly, ranging from 10.00g for LeMT29 to 319.70g for LeMT7 respectively. Fruit and plant qualitative characters equally exhibit variation. Conclusion: These observations suggest the existence of genetic variability among the different mutant tomato lines. Further selection and field trials is recommended to identify suitable and desirable lines for possible variety release. To Keywords: Mutant, Tomato, Colchicine, Sodium azide, genetic variability.
Recursos digitais e aprendizagem por pares: da formação de professores de Matemática em período de pandemia
Authors: Peripolli Patrícia Zanon , Xavier Patricia Cristiane da Cunha , Nunes Janilse Fernandes
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo é parte da disciplina de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação no Ensino de Ciência e Matemática vinculada ao curso de Doutorado do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática-PPGECIMAT, o qual apresenta o relato da atividade desenvolvida, na turma de Licenciatura em Matemática de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior da região central do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar as contribuições da união entre a metodologia da Aprendizagem por Pares e Recursos Digitais na formação inicial de professores de Matemática dentro de uma disciplina de Prática enquanto componente curricular. Como ferramenta de pesquisa foi feito uso de tecnologias disponíveis gratuitamente na Web, como Google Classroom e YouTube. De maneira geral, constata-se a partir das falas dos licenciandos o quão enriquecedor foi a proposta para a formação profissional deles.
As estratégias dos docentes com o uso de tecnologias digitais no contexto pandêmico da Covid-19
Authors: Gomes Eber Gustavo da Silva , Carvalho Ana Beatriz
Published: October 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as estratégias dos docentes, a partir do uso de Tecnologias Digitais em momentos de educação remota, no período pandêmico do Novo Coronavírus. Adotamos a cultura digital como contexto de pesquisa que tem abordagem qualitativa e estudo descritivo, concretizada a partir de um questionário online e aberto, elaborado pelo Grupo de Pesquisa de Mídias Digitais e Mediações Interculturais. Dos sujeitos que responderam, escolhemos dez por cento que atuam de forma remota no Ensino Superior para responder através de áudios de whatsapps a pergunta de pesquisa. Os resultados foram analisados a partir da análise do discurso e apontam uma pluralidade de estratégias dos docentes no processo de mediação com o uso de TDIC, seja de forma a contemplar a tecnologia enquanto técnica ou criar cenários de aprendizagens, possibilitando protagonismo, autoria, colaboração e rede.
ANALISIS KESEHATAN TERUMBU KARANG BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK SUNGAI, LAUT, DAN POPULASI AREA PEMUKIMAN MENGGUNAKAN MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Habiba Adinda miftahul Ilmi , Prasetiadi Agi , Ramdani Cepi
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas kesehatan terumbu karang disuatu wilayah di Indonesia dengan mengambil beberapa faktor seperti wisatawan yang datang, latitude, longtitude, suhu, tahun, populasi warga, jumlah pemuda, dan jumlah industri, dan metode yang digunakan adalah machine learning dengan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, dan Ensemble Classifier, untuk ensemble menggunkan randomforest untuk mengambil cabang-cabang pohon atau fitur keputusan yang paling relevan dengan output, penelitian ini diharapkan bisa menjadi acuan bagi wilayah yang kondisi terumbu karangnya masih kurang baik dapat mencontoh wilayah yang kondisi terumbu karangnya sudah baik dengan melihat faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi terumbu karang disuatu wilayah itu masuk kategori baik. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini pada algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor faktor yang berpengaruh bagi kesehatan terumbu karang yaitu wisatawan yang datang, latitude, longtitude, suhu, tahum dan pupulasi warga, sementara pada algoritma Support Vector Machine faktor yang berpengaruh wisatawan yang datang, Latitude, suhu dan tahun untuk algoritma Ensemble Classifier faktor yang berpengaruh wisatawan yang datang, latitude, longtitude, suhu dan jumlah industry, Pada kasus ini algoritma Support Vector Machine memiliki kinerja lebih baik dibandingkan K-Nearest Neighbor dan Ensemble Classifier.Kata Kunci: Ekosistem, Ensemble Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbor, Machine Learning, Support Vector Machine
Discovery as Regulation
Authors: Zambrano Diego
Published: October 2020

This article develops an approach to discovery that is grounded in regulatory theory and administrative subpoena power. The conventional judicial and scholarly view about discovery is that it promotes fair and accurate outcomes and nudges the parties toward settlement. While commonly held, however, this belief is increasingly outdated and suffers from limitations. Among them, it has generated endless controversy about the problem of discovery costs. Indeed, a growing chorus of scholars and courts has offered an avalanche of reforms, from cost shifting and bespoke discovery contracts to outright elimination. Recently, Judge Thomas Hardiman quipped that if he had absolute power, he would abolish discovery for cases involving less than $500,000. These debates, however, are at a standstill, and existing scholarship offers incomplete treatment of discovery theory that might move debates forward.

The core insight of the project is that in the private-enforcement context—where Congress deliberately employs private litigants as the main method of statutory enforcement—there is a surprisingly strong case that our current discovery system should be understood in part as serving regulatory goals analogous to administrative subpoena power. That is, discovery here can be seen as an extension of the subpoena power that agencies like the SEC, FTC, and EPA possess and is the lynchpin of a system that depends on private litigants to enforce our most important statutes. By forcing parties to disclose large amounts of information, discovery deters harm and, most importantly, shapes industry-wide practices and the primary behavior of regulated entities. This approach has a vast array of implications for the scope of discovery as well as the debate over costs. Scholars and courts should thus grapple with the consequences of what I call “regulatory discovery” for the entire legal system.
Reclaiming Access to Truth in Reproductive Healthcare After National Institute of Family & Life Advocates v. Becerra
Authors: Kee Diane
Published: October 2020

Crisis Pregnancy Centers (CPCs) are antiabortion organizations that seek to “intercept” people with unintended pregnancies to convince them to forego abortion. It is well documented that CPCs intentionally present themselves as medical professionals even when they lack licensure, while also providing medically inaccurate information on abortion. To combat the blatant deception committed by CPCs, California passed the Reproductive FACT Act in 2015. The Act required CPCs to post notices that disclosed their licensure status and informed potential clients that the state provided subsidized abortion and contraceptives. Soon after, CPCs brought First Amendment challenges to these disclosure requirements, claiming that the state could not compel them to speak a message against their will. In 2018, the Supreme Court decided National Institute of Family and Life Advocates (NIFLA) v. Becerra and constitutionalized CPCs’ efforts to evade regulation from state-mandated compelled disclosures—disclosures not dissimilar to those regularly imposed on other businesses and medical professionals.

Although CPCs use the guise of professionalism to increase their credibility, they are not held to the same standards as actual medical professionals. States can force abortion providers to violate ethical codes by requiring them to give patients medically inaccurate information as “informed consent,” yet CPCs cannot be compelled to say anything because they are not real professionals. This Note argues that while there are striking parallels between abortion-related informed consent laws and compelled informational disclosures like the CPC disclosures at issue in NIFLA, the Court has refused to treat pro-choice speech in a manner similar to antiabortion speech. Moreover, though NIFLA has drastically limited the types of CPC regulations that pro-choice governments can implement, there are still ways in which these states can and should curb CPCs’ deceptive practices.
United/States: A Revolutionary History of American Statehood
Authors: Green Craig
Published: October 2020

Where did states come from? Almost everyone thinks that states descended immediately, originally, and directly from British colonies, while only afterward joining together as the United States. As a matter of legal history, that is incorrect. States and the United States were created by revolutionary independence, and they developed simultaneously in that context as improvised entities that were profoundly interdependent and mutually constitutive, rather than separate or sequential.

“States-first” histories have provided foundational support for past and present arguments favoring states’ rights and state sovereignty. This Article gathers preconstitutional evidence about state constitutions, American independence, and territorial boundaries to challenge that historical premise. The Article also chronicles how states-first histories became a dominant cultural narrative, emerging from factually misleading political debates during the Constitution’s ratification.

Accurate history matters. Dispelling myths about American statehood can change how modern lawyers think about federalism and constitutional law. This Article’s research weakens current support for “New Federalism” jurisprudence, associates states-rights arguments with periods of conspicuous racism, and exposes statehood’s functionality as an issue for political actors instead of constitutional adjudication. Flawed histories of statehood have been used for many doctrinal, political, and institutional purposes in the past. This Article hopes that modern readers might find their own use for accurate histories of statehood in the future.
Juego de enemigos
Authors: Hopkins Diane
Published: October 2020

En el presente trabajo se ofrece una descripción de una batalla ritual, ocurrida en 1772 de la época colonial, entre las mitades de una comunidad de la sierra sur del Perú. Las limitaciones de un proceso criminal, característica esencial de un documento de esta naturaleza, demanda una comparación necesaria de los elementos constitutivos de dicha batalla con otros conflictos similares que sucedieron durante el transcurso del tiempo y el espacio. Este análisis comparativo permite una mayor perspectiva en el enfoque de la investigación, de manera tal que las batallas rituales sean ubicadas de una manera más general en un contexto cultural y simbólico específico. Una serie de elementos simbólicos invariantes se extraen de un extenso ciclo ritual. Estos elementos se concentran en la fertilidad de la tierra, animales domésticos y seres humanos, los cuales se vinculan en una relación de reciprocidad. Asimismo, se enfatiza en factores tales como la separación de grupos sociales, el intercambio y los límites. Finalmente, se considera la palabra quechua pukllay (o "juego") para referirse al ciclo total, y se la vincula provisionalmente al énfasis en el delinamiento de grupos y límites.
Roles y valores de la mujer andina
Authors: Lapiedra Aurora
Published: October 2020

Queremos desde el comienzo plantear el estudio de la mujer andina dentro de las realidades socio-históricas de la comunidad, la familia y el entramado social de la zona; realidades en las que  la vida de los Andes se manifiesta y se afirma. Al interior de ellas, el puesto que ocupa la mujer contribuye a afirmar la supervivencia del grupo familiar como base, en función de relaciones sociales de cohesión, sobre las que, al mismo tiempo, se sustenta. Es fácil, en una primera aproximación, percibir el mundo de la mujer como oculto y relegado. En el proceso productivo, las tareas asignadas a ella parecen tener un carácter puramente secundario.
PROBLEMS OF INCLUSION OF TEACHERS OF SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION ORGANIZATIONS IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
Authors: Алексеенкова Елена Геннадьевна
Published: October 2020

Статья посвящена проблемам участия педагогов организаций среднего профессионального образования (СПО) в исследовательской деятельности. Показаны основные затруднения педагогов, возникающие при проведении научно-исследовательской работы. Рассмотрены причины этих трудностей.

The article is devoted to the problems of participation of teachers of secondary vocational education organizations in research activities. The main difficulties of teachers that arise during research work are shown. The reasons for these difficulties are considered.
LEVEL OF SOMATIC HEALTH IN JUNIOR AND HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS LIVING IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS
Authors: Морякина Светлана Васильевна , Джабраилова Диана Сулимовна , Минкаилова Асет Султановна
Published: October 2020

Статья посвящена выявлению закономерностей развития организма школьников, проживающих в городской и сельской местности. Было установлено, что уровень соматического здоровья изученного контингента школьников с учетом степени развития основных антропометрических признаков в значительной степени определяется резервными возможностями всех систем органов и достоверно отличается у школьников города и села.

The article is devoted to identifying the patterns of development of the body of schoolchildren living in urban and rural areas. It was found that the level of somatic health of the studied contingent of schoolchildren, taking into account the degree of development of the main anthropometric features, is largely determined by the reserve capabilities of all organ systems and reliably differs among schoolchildren in the city and village.
POETICS OF THE SHORT STORY BY M.R.JAMES «MR. HUMPHREYS AND HIS INHERITANCE»
Authors: Сергеева Алина Александровна
Published: October 2020

В статье рассмотрены наиболее характерные черты поэтики М.Р. Джеймса, выявлены типичные готические и новаторские авторские приемы. Рассмотрен персонажный ряд, а также раскрыты значения использованных в новелле библейских аллюзий. В заключение делается вывод о метафоричной природе призрака.

The article introduces the more specific poetic features of M.R.James, typical gothic and innovative author’s methods. The characters are examined and also some biblical allusions are revealed. The author makes conclusion about the metaphorical features of the ghost.
ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN GORNO-ALTAISK
Authors: Труфанова Раиса Павловна
Published: October 2020

Оценивали экологическую безопасность образовательных учреждений Горно-Алтайска по критериям удаленность от проездов с регулярным движением автотранспорта, ограждение территории зелеными насаждениями. Установили, что расположение всех рассмотренных школ относительно автомобильных дорог с регулярным движением не соответствует требованиям СанПиН 2.4.2.1178-02, только 50% школ имеют защитные зеленые полосы, отвечающие стандартам.

Evaluated the environmental safety of educational institutions in Gorno-Altaisk by the criteria of distance from driveways with regular traffic, fencing the territory with green spaces. Found that the location of all schools considered relative to highways with regular traffic does not meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02, only 50% of schools have protective green that meet the standards.
Direct effect of the Constitution and implementation of its provisions in administrative justice
Authors: Onishchuk Mykola , Savchyn Mykhailo
Published: October 2020

The problem of direct effect of the Constitution is related to the some aspects of the systematics of sources of law in the legal system of Ukraine in the pint of view of comparative law. Today, the processes of convergence in law continue. In the light of such dynamics, there is a multilevel and pluralistic picture of the direct effect of the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine as a component of its highest legal force. The resolution of human rights cases by courts is a complex case, as it refers to their excessive restriction by law, which is not based on a sufficient legal basis. Constitutional justice is relevant to the practice of courts of general jurisdiction, as it is often in acts of constitutional justice that the provisions of the constitution are interpreted.

The article is the disclosure of the direct action of the Constitution Ukraine in the exercise of administrative justice through the implementation of its provisions in court decisions. The highest legal force of the Constitution is revealed through the lens of the components of the reasoning of court decisions. Direct action has been analyzed as a component of the normative nature of the Constitution, in particular because of the duty to protect of human rights and apply the principles of proportionality, as well as the correlation between the legal force of the Constitution and the acts of the Constitutional Court. The implementation of the decisions of the Constitutional Court in the activity of administrative courts, in particular through the system of reasoning of their decisions, is revealed. Based on a holistic understanding of the Constitution, it is concluded that the duty to protect the state arises from the violation of its human (i.e. body) human right by the agent and the main duty of the court is to restore such right in full.

Key words: decisions of constitutional justice, direct effect of the constitution, human rights, legal reasoning, review of judicial decisions, supremacy of the constitution.
The current CPC of Ukraine on detention
Authors: Chernenko Anatolii , Shiyan Anatolii
Published: October 2020

It is noted that in Art. 104 the CPC, 60 years of detention was called an urgent investigative action, but due to changes in 1993, the concept of urgent investigative actions and detention was excluded from this article, and in 1996 in Art. 29 the Constitution of Ukraine, and later in 2001 in Art. 149 the CPC, 60 years of detention was recognized as a temporary measure of restraint. However, scholars continued to consider detention as an investigative action and as means of procedural coercion, and the reason for this dualism, the authors believe the opinion of S.A. Schaefer that the fact of detention of a person at the time of the crime can be recorded only in the detention report.The idea of gaps in the argumentation of S. A. Schaefer and the fact that all the circumstances of detention should be recorded in the transcript of the interrogation of eyewitnesses, which is more effective for this.The authors point out that the current CPC of Ukraine removed the shortcomings of the CPC of 1960, but the name «Legal Detention» can’t be considered perfect, because in the certain cases such detention may be considered illegal. Therefore, the opinion is expressed about renaming the legal detention to «detention». Legal detention, according to the authors, is not a procedural action, so it can’t be an investigative action.According to the authors, the name of the detention by an authorized official (Article 208 the CPC of Ukraine) is also not perfect, because different in content and essence of the action can’t have the same name, so it is proposed to rename it the «pre-trial detention».According to the authors, the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, the CPC of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On Pre-trial Detention» regarding the name of detention and detention should be agreed upon through appropriate changes, such as those that are significantly unbalanced and inconsistent.

Key words: investigative (search) actions, precautionary measures, legal detention, detention by an authorized official, detention, pre-trial detention.
The Role of Judicial Practice in the Legal Regulation of Insurance Contractual Relations
Authors: Milovska Nadiia
Published: October 2020

he article is devoted to determining the concept, role and significance of judicial practice in the legal regulation of insurance contractual relations, the establishment of its characteristic features and its correlation with other sources of legal regulation of the relevant relations. It has been established that the legal regulation of insurance contractual relations represents a state-dominant influence on such relations by a combination of legal means by which specific entities (the insurer and the insured) influence the legal relationship in the insurance industry by establishing specific contractual conditions in order to consolidate relations between them in order to streamline them in accordance with the needs of society as a whole and specific entities in particular.

Legal regulation of insurance contractual relations is carried out using various legal forms that differ in the level and manner of their consolidation. In the system of sources of legal regulation of direct contractual relations on insurance, the following are distinguished: sources of normative (general) regulation (normative legal act, legal custom, judicial precedent, standard contract, general principles of law) and sources of individual regulation (specific insurance contract, the contents of which constitute the totality conditions determined at the discretion of the parties and agreed by them). In addition, on the basis of state-power nature and belonging to a certain type of social regulation, the sources of legal regulation of contractual insurance relations are: a) substantial, formal sources of law (institutional sources), which coincides with the form of law as a way of expressing the rules of conduct that are contained in the rules of law (multilevel regulatory legal acts in the field of insurance); b) the totality of social regulators (extra-legal sources), which are characterized by direct or indirect recognition by their state of regulators of insurance relations, which are constituted by the customs of business turnover, moral standards; c) judicial practice, which is characterized by a combination of institutional, non-legal sources and contractual self-regulation.

It is noted that judicial practice is the result of judicial regulation, affects the practice of law enforcement, the actual formation of insurance relations in society, changes in insurance legislation and occupies an important place in social regulation.

Key words: judicial practice, legal regulation, insurance contractual relations, sources of legal regulation, non-legal sources, social regulators.