bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
آليات تسوية المنازعات الدولية في مجلس الأمن والجمعية العامة للامم المتحدة
Authors: Abdul Qadir Pshtiwan A. , Mahmoud Ashna A.
Published: January 2020

أن منظمة الأمم المتحدة منذ تأسيسها بعد نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية لعبت وتلعب دوراً رائداً ومهماً في تسوية المنازعات الدولية بالطرق السلمية أو العسكرية وذلك وفقاً لميثاقها والقواعد الأخرى للقانون الدولي العام. أن مجلس الأمن والجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة تُعتبران جهازين رئيسيين يقومان بالدور الرئيسي في حل المنازعات الدولية. ففي بحثنا هذا نركز على بيان وتحليل الآليات المتاحة أمام هذين الجهازين للقيام بدورهما في حماية الأمن والسلم العالميين  عن طريق الوقوف بوجه نشوب نزاعات دولية أو وقفها وتسويتها. ومما لا شك فيه بأن اعمال هذين الجهازين تصطدم بالكثير من المعوقات العملية والقانونية بسبب هيمنة سياسة الدول العظمى على العلاقات الدولية. في هذه الدراسة نبين كيف يستطيع هذين الجهازين وخاصة مجلس الأمن منهما تسوية المنازعات الدولية باعتباره جهاز منح ميثاق الأمم المتحدة العديد من الاختصاصات التي تؤهله إصدار قرارات ملزمة لجميع الدول دون استثناء بعكس الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة التي لها خيارات محدودة ومقيدة لحل النزاعات الدولية لأن قراراتها غير ملزمة للدول مثل مجلس الأمن.
“Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri” Dersine Pedagojik Formasyon Eğitimi Coğrafya Bölümü Öğrencileri Açısından Bakış
Authors: ŞEYİHOĞLU Ayşegül , DUMAN Neşe
Published: January 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı Coğrafya pedogojik formasyon eğitimi alan öğrencilerin “Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri” dersine yönelik görüşlerini almaktır. Araştırma nitel yaklaşımla dizayn edilmiştir ve betimsel tarama modelindedir. Çalışmanın araştırma grubunu Pedagojik Formasyon Eğitimi Programı Coğrafya Öğretmenliği alanında öğrenim gören 52 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada “Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri” dersine ilişkin görüş alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak kişisel bilgi formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış sorulardan oluşan bir form kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir ve N Vivo 9 programı ile çıktılara ait tema ve kodların ön plana çıktığı bir şema oluşturulmuştur. Öğretmen adayları “Özel Öğretim Yöntemleri” dersinin; öğrenciye, mesleğe ve kendilerine yönelik kazanımlar sağladığını düşünmektedir. Öğrenciye yönelik kazanımlar; duyuşsal, bilişsel ve kişilik gelişi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Dersin mesleğe ilişkin katkıları eğitim öğretim ortamı tasarlama, öğrenciler ve sınıf yönetimine dairdir. Önyargılardan kurtulma ve olumlu tutum geliştirme kendine sağladığı katkılar açısından öne çıkan kodlardandır. Araştırma sonuçlarından hareketle eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim gören coğrafya öğretmen adayları ile pedagojik formasyon eğitimi alan coğrafya öğretmen adaylarının “özel öğretim yöntemleri” dersine ilişkin görüş ve kazanımlarının gözlem formuyla desteklenerek karşılaştırılması araştırmanın önerileri arasındadır.
Enformatik Dersi için Başarı Testi Geliştirme Çalışması: Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik İşlemleri
Authors: MERİÇELLİ Murat , GÜYER Tolga
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışma-larının yapıldığı bir enformatik dersi başarı testi geliş-tirmektir. İlk olarak, 25 alt konuya, her birine 2 katı so-ru olacak şekilde, bir içerik ağacında 80 çoktan seçmeli soru belirlenmiştir. 8 uzmana sorular sorulmuş ve soru-lar ve soruların ait olduğu birimler üzerinde kapsam geçerlilik indeksi hesaplanmıştır. Test için hesaplanan kapsam geçerlilik endeksi 0,91'dir. Başarı testi 21 BÖTE 3. sınıf öğrencisine uygulanmıştır. TAP programı yardı-mıyla madde analizi yapılmıştır. Kuder-Richardson-20 Güvenilirlik katsayısı değeri 0,858 olarak hesaplanmış-tır. Her alt konuda madde ayırt edicilik ve madde zorluk değerleri uygun olan maddeler belirlenerek toplamda 40 soruluk teste ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen testte ortalama madde zorluk değeri 0.638 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu du-rum madde zorluğunun orta düzeyde olduğu anlamına gelmektedir. Ortalama madde ayırt ediciliği 0.444 ola-rak bulunmuştur. Bu değer madde ayırt edicilik özelliği-nin çok iyi düzeyde olduğu anlamına gelmektedir. 40 çoktan seçmeli soruya indirgenmiş geçerlilik ve güveni-lirlik süreçleri yapıldığı için, test güvenilir ve geçerlidir, farklı enformatik dersleri için bir başarı testi olarak kul-lanılabilir.
Research methods to improve reliability of passive redundant control subsystems of aircraft with due consideration of tolerances
Authors: Grishin Vyacheslav , Vu Trong
Published: January 2020

The paper studies the reliability of passively redundant subsystems of aircraft, taking into account tolerances for a decrease in their output parameters in case of sudden component failures. The influence of the reliability values of elements, tolerances of two levels and the redundancy ratio

on the reliability of passively redundant subsystems as a whole have been investigated; the examples of such subsystems have been given. There have been presented the results of analysis

of the aircraft subsystems features with allowance for tolerances. First of all, these include the availability of technical specifications and realized tolerances determined by the reservation structure; implementing each tolerance with different values of the multiplicities of redundancy; using the main tolerance grid by multiple backup methods; presence of critical probabilities narrowing the reliability range of the elements, where this type of reservation is beneficial from the range

0–1 to the range of the supercritical area (pkr–1). The influence of the element reliability values, tolerances of two levels and the redundancy ratio on the failure-free operation of passively redundant subsystems in general and in supercritical areas has been investigated. It is shown that the minimum redundancy multiplicities in the interests of increasing the reliability of the considered subsystems of aircraft are advantageous to use only with large tolerances and low probabilities of failure-free operation of their elements. Under close tolerances and any reliability values of elements, as well as with large tolerances (more than 25%), high reliability values of this class of aircraft subsystems can be achieved only with large redundancy multiplicities. It has been inferred that there are extreme reliability differences of a passively redundant subsystem and its element, which

allows to set the task of developing highly reliable passively redundant subsystems of aircraft taking into account tolerances from relatively unreliable elements.
Upper bound of probability of receiving error of aperiodic pseudo-random sequence at jamming
Authors: Azhmukhamedov Iscandar Maratovich , Melnikov Evgeny
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the obtained estimate of the upper bounds for the probable receiving error of the synchronizing sequence during sensor phasing of aperiodic pseudo-random sequences (CRR) in broadband communication systems in the channels of low quality with strong disturbances of natural and organized structure. The obtained results allow to design synchronization systems of pseudo-random sequences for the worst case, which guarantees their reliable operation in low-quality channels, and, unlike the well-known methods, the estimation of synchronization of aperiodic pseudo-random sequence sensors doesn’t depend on the error distribution in the communication channel and the period of sequence. The appointed differences simplify the evaluation of synchronization in the operation of broadband communication systems in low-quality channels.
Hierarchical system of fuzzy regulation of acetylene production process by oxidative pyrolysis of natural gas
Authors: Sanaeva Galina , Prorokov Anatoly , Bogatikov Valery , Vent Dmitry
Published: January 2020

The paper describes a complex chemical-technological system of producing acetylene by oxidative pyrolysis of natural gas, for which ensuring technological safety is a prerequisite for its functioning. There have been discussed the ways of developing a control system for this process while ensuring its technological safety based on the definition of its area and security center.

A two-level control option is proposed, in which the upper level performs dynamic correction

of the tasks of the regulators of the local contours of the lower level, taking into account the safety requirements. The approach using the fuzzy logic apparatus to implement the work of the upper level of the control system in order to increase the technological safety of the process is proposed. The algorithm of the upper level of the control system is presented taking into account the frequency of obtaining information about the state of the process. To prevent an emergency in the intervals between obtaining information about the state of the process, it is proposed to use a mathematical model of the process with periodic adjustment of the input data used for calculations. The proposed version of the control system can reduce the number of emergency stops of the process, which will lead to saving resources and reducing environmental pollution.
Approach to automation of workshop design processes based on opinions of employers
Authors: Boldyreva Elena
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of studying the characteristics of the workshop design process of the actively developing science-intensive areas that have a high degree of variability

of the technologies used and the requirements for the skills of specialists in the industry. The approach to organizing the automated design process for the daily workshops on the basis of expert opinions of the trainees’ employers has been proposed. The approach implements the model of pedagogical design ADDIE at the stages of analysis and design and involves four stages: calculating the degree of trust in experts, selecting learning tasks for the discipline, developing the structure of the workshop taking into account the relevance of each learning task of the discipline for a particular training profile, and calculating the complexity and assessments (points) tasks for each profile. According to the introduced rule of assessment, calculation of weight coefficients for each of the learning tasks and the rule of ranking the selected tasks are arranged in the optimal order for studying, and an individual learning path for each professional profile is formed. The methods and algorithms described can be used to develop information systems for designing a workshop.

A software package for instrumental and information support has been developed. It implements all the calculation and ranking functions and appears a system for the workshop automated design. Using this system and the proposed approach, the structure and the list of learning tasks of the workshop on the discipline “Embedded Systems” are formed. The proposed solutions allow an iterative assessment of the relevance of learning tasks of the discipline taking into account the expert opinions of potential employers and improve the real model of training specialists due to the high practical importance of the workshop and, as a result, to the high motivation of the trainees to obtain professional practical skills that are in demand in the labor market.
THE FAILURE OF PEACEBUILDING IN SOMALIA: THE 'MYTH' OF THE NATION-STATE
Authors: IGBA Ajogwu Samuel , WIELENGA Cori
Published: January 2020

There is a growing consensus in International Relations that the sovereign nation state, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, is a ‘myth’ because of the several nations that can be found within one sovereign entity, made so by the Berlin conference of 1885 that partitioned Africa. Regardless of this consensus, international peacebuilding theory and practice is biased towards maintaining these sovereign arrangements. Through a decolonial lens, peacebuilding in Somalia is explored as an example of how these biases affect peace in a multiethnic, multiclan, and diverse society.
Assessment of two augmentation techniques on the mechanical properties of titanium cannulated bone screws
Authors: Mulon Pierre-Yves , Zarzosa Michael , Harper David P. , Anderson David E.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effects of 2 augmentation techniques on the mechanical properties of titanium cannulated bone screws.

SAMPLE

33 titanium cannulated bone screws (outer diameter, 6.5 mm; guide channel diameter, 3.6 mm).

PROCEDURES

11 screws were allocated to each of 3 groups. The guide channel of each screw was filled with polymethyl methacrylate bone cement alone (OCS group) or in combination with a 3.2-mm-diameter orthopedic pin (PCS group) or remained unmodified (control group) before mechanical testing. Each screw underwent a single-cycle 3-point bending test to failure with a monotonic loading rate of 2.5 mm/min. Failure was defined as an acute decrease in resistance to load of ≥ 20% or a bending deformation of 15 mm. Mechanical properties were determined for each screw and compared among the 3 groups.

RESULTS

All screws in the control and OCS groups and 1 screw in the PCS group broke during testing; a 15-mm bending deformation was achieved for the remaining 10 screws in the PCS group. Maximum load and load at failure differed significantly among the 3 groups. Stiffness and load at yield for the PCS group were significantly greater than those for the control and OCS groups but did not differ between the control and OCS groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Use of bone cement and an orthopedic pin to fill the guide channel of cannulated screws significantly increased the strength of the construct, but ex vivo and in vivo studies are necessary before this augmentation technique can be recommended for clinical patients.
Effects of treatment with lispro and neutral protamine Hagedorn insulins on serum fructosamine and postprandial blood glucose concentrations in dogs with clinically well-controlled diabetes mellitus and postprandial hyperglycemia
Authors: Bertalan Abigail V. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Hess Rebecka S.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

To assess effects of basal-bolus insulin treatment (BBIT) with lispro and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulins, compared with NPH insulin alone, on serum fructosamine concentration (SFC) and postprandial blood glucose concentration (BGC) in dogs with clinically well-controlled diabetes mellitus and postprandial hyperglycemia fed a high insoluble fiber–content diet.

ANIMALS

6 client-owned dogs with diabetes mellitus.

PROCEDURES

Blood samples were collected for BGC and SFC measurement in hospitalized dogs just before feeding and routine SC NPH insulin administration (time 0); samples were collected for BGC measurement every 30 minutes for 2 hours, then every 2 hours for up to 10 additional hours. Postprandial hyperglycemia was identified when BGC 30 minutes after insulin administration exceeded BGC at time 0 or the 1-hour time point. For BBIT, owners were instructed to continue NPH insulin administration at the usual dosage at home (q 12 h, with feeding) and to administer lispro insulin (0.1 U/Kg, SC) separately at the time of NPH injections. Two weeks later, SFC and BGC measurements were repeated; results at the start and end of the study were compared statistically.

RESULTS

Median SFC was significantly higher at the start (400 μmol/L) than at the end (390 μmol/L) of the study. Median 1-hour (313 mg/dL) and 1.5-hour (239 mg/dL) BGC measurements at the start of the study were significantly higher than those at the end of the study (117 and 94 mg/dL, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

In this sample of dogs with well-controlled diabetes mellitus, addition of lispro insulin to an existing treatment regimen of NPH insulin and dietary management significantly decreased postprandial BGCs. Further study of BBIT for dogs with diabetes mellitus is warranted.
Insertional characteristics of three types of transfixation pin taps in third metacarpal bones from equine cadavers
Authors: Mundy Lauren N. , Lescun Timothy B. , Main Russell P. , Hall Griffin T.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

To compare heat generation and mechanical bone damage achieved with 2 tapered and 1 cylindrical transfixation pin taps in third metacarpal bones from equine cadavers.

SAMPLE

18 pairs (36 specimens) of third metacarpal bones from euthanized horses with no known metacarpal disease.

PROCEDURES

In each bone, an investigator drilled 3 holes for placement of a 6.3-mm cylindrical transfixation pin, a 6.3-mm tapered pin using a prototype tapered tap, and a 6.3-mm tapered pin using a revised tapered tap. One bone of each pair was tapped by hand and the other with an electric drill. Temperatures of the drill bits, reamers, and taps were measured and used to compare heat generation among tap groups and tapping methods (hand vs power tapping). Macrodamage (all bone pairs) and microdamage (6 bone pairs) were assessed.

RESULTS

The revised tapered tap resulted in less heat generation and less total thread microdamage, compared with the prototype tapered and cylindrical taps. Power tapping created less bone damage but higher temperatures than did hand tapping for all bone groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The revised tap design for tapered pin insertion was superior to the prototype tap design and yielded similar or less bone damage than achieved with cylindrical pin insertion in equine third metacarpal bone specimens. We recommend careful hand tapping for tapered pin insertion rather than power tapping, which generated greater heat. The revised tapered tap could be expected to perform better than a cylindrical pin tap in terms of thermal and mechanical microdamage and should be used for insertion of tapered transfixation pins.
Profibrotic gene transcription in renal tissues from cats with ischemia-induced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lourenço Bianca N. , Coleman Amanda E. , Schmiedt Chad W. , Brown Cathy A. , Rissi Daniel R. , Stanton James B. , Giguère Steeve , Berghaus Roy D. , Brown Scott A. , Tarigo Jaime L.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE

To characterize transcription of profibrotic mediators in renal tissues of cats with ischemia-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD).

SAMPLE

Banked renal tissues from 6 cats with experimentally induced CKD (RI group) and 8 healthy control cats.

PROCEDURES

For cats of the RI group, both kidneys were harvested 6 months after ischemia was induced for 90 minutes in 1 kidney. For control cats, the right kidney was evaluated. All kidney specimens were histologically examined for fibrosis, inflammation, and tubular atrophy. Renal tissue homogenates underwent reverse transcription quantitative PCR assay evaluation to characterize gene transcription of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), transforming growth factor-β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A. Gene transcription and histologic lesions were compared among ischemic and contralateral kidneys of the RI group and control kidneys.

RESULTS

Ischemic kidneys had greater transcript levels of MMP-7, MMP-9, and transforming growth factor-β1 relative to control kidneys and of MMP-2 relative to contralateral kidneys. Transcription of TIMP-1 was upregulated and that of vascular endothelial growth factor A was downregulated in ischemic and contralateral kidneys relative to control kidneys. Transcription of HIF-1α did not differ among kidney groups. For ischemic kidneys, there were strong positive correlations between transcription of HIF-1α, MMP-2, MMP-7, and TIMP-1 and severity of fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Transcription of genes involved in profibrotic pathways remained altered in both kidneys 6 months after transient renal ischemia. This suggested that a single unilateral renal insult can have lasting effects on both kidneys.
Mencari Identitas Kota Salatiga: Nuansa Kolonial di Antara Bangunan Modern
Authors: Tjahjono Baskoro Daru
Published: January 2020

AbstrakEvery city surely has its development histories prior to its current state. Unique chracteristics must also be contained in it as an identity. A certain era influencing a current state of a city can be oberved through building architecture as well as city layout. A question may arise as losses of a previous period, out of maintenance, or new building replacements were the cases. It would be a tricky matter to investigate an identity of a city, especially of the city of Salatiga, which is an inseparable question to many modern city development?AbstrakSetiap kota tentu mempunyai sejarah perkembangannya masing-masing sebelum menjadi seperti saat ini. Setiap kota tentu juga mempunyai ciri khas masing-masing, yang akan menjadi identitas kota tersebut. Masa-masa apa yang paling mewarnai wajah kota saat ini dapat diamati dari arsitektur bangunan maupun tata ruang kotanya. Tetapi permasalahannya bagaimana jika banyak bangunan masa lalu yang telah hilang, tak terpelihara, dan dibongkar diganti dengan bangunan baru. Masihkah kita bisa mencari identitas kota, khususnya kota Salatiga yang juga tidak lepas dari permasalahan perkembangan kota modern saat ini?
Bekas Depo Stasiun Kereta Api Purwakarta: Puing-Puing Kemegahan Bangunan Kolonial di Purwakarta
Authors: Nuralia Lia
Published: January 2020

AbstractBuilt in 1902 as Purwakarta facility railway station, Depo of Purwakarta railway station, located in purwakarta sub-district, Purwakarta regency represents one of old colonial buildings. Maintaining its originality as a colonial building, this depo station is a rectangular gothic building. This building has more than just an ex-depo station with its historical values contained within. In recent developments, this depo building has experienced various changes of functionality and ownership.Buildings dated from the dutch colonialism era bear unique styles of shape perspective and typical architectural. A unique combination of europe-dominated and indonesian traditional styles creates an Indies architecture design.AbstrakDepo dari Stasiun Kereta Api Purwakarta diwakili salah satu bangunan kuno masa kolonial. Depo yang terletak di Kecamatan Purwakarta, Kabupaten Purwakarta. Dibangun pada tahun 1902 sebagai Stasiun Kereta Api fasilitas Purwakarta. Masih sebagai bangunan kolonial asli, memiliki denah empat persegipanjang dan dibangun dengan gaya gothic. Selain sebagai bekas stasiun kereta api Depo, itu menjadi saksi bisu sebagai sejarah di Purwakarta Kota, karena jenis tindakan peristiwa bersejarah di dalamnya. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, bangunan ini adalah perubahan fungsional dan kepemilikan.Bangunan kolonial memiliki keunikan tersendiri, jika dilihat dari perspektif bentuk dan gaya arsitektur yang khas. Dominasi pengaruh gaya Eropa dicampur dengan gaya tradisional Indonesia, membuat bangunan kolonial memiliki gaya arsitektur yang menggambarkan perpaduan antara arsitektur Eropa dan lokal atau gaya arsitektur Indies.
Prasasti Sitopayan 1 & 2: Tinjauan Aspek Ekstrinsik dan Intrinsik
Authors: Nasoichah Churmatin
Published: January 2020

AbstractSitopayan 1 & 2 inscriptions that were discovered at Biaro Sitopayan complex are currently stored at North Sumatra State Museum.The review of the inscription from both intrinsic and extrinsic aspects reveals material, shape, palaeography or language (extrinsic) and content and other aspects related with Biaro Sitopayan (intrinsic). An analysis is then conducted through those primary and additional data, external/extrinsic and internal/intrinsic criticism acquisition a result of which is a conclusion.AbstrakPrasasti Sitopayan 1 dan Prasasti Sitopayan 2 merupakan prasasti yang ditemukan di Komplek Biaro Sitopayan. Kedua prasasti tersebut saat ini disimpan di Museum Negeri Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Banyak hal yang dapat diungkap dalam menelaah sebuah prasasti baik itu dilihat dari aspek ekstrinsik, yaitu yang berkaitan dengan bahan, bentuk, paleografi, maupun bahasanya, serta aspek intrinsik yaitu yang berkaitan dengan isi serta hal-hal lain yang berkaitan misalnya kaitannya dengan Biaro Sitopayan. Melalui data primer tersebut kemudian dilakukan analisis yang didukung dengan beberapa data penunjang lainnya serta kritik ekstern (ekstrinsik) dan kritik intern (intrinsik) lalu di dapat sebuah kesimpulan.
To Economists about Jihad
Authors: Bekkin R. I.
Published: January 2020

The authors examine the role and place of Islam in international development and global governance in the context of pressing issues of inter-civilizational and inter-confessional interaction in the modern world, the challenges and threats that arise, including the problems of combating extremism and international terrorism. The authors focus on a comprehensive assessment and forecast of the development of the «Muslim segment» of the modern polycentric world, the conflict between the spatial expansion of traditional Islam and the neoliberal world order, the «Arab spring» phenomenon, mass management technologies from various political forces, the danger of regional destabilization and threats to global security and the interests of Russia.

Author declares the absence of conflict of interests.
Research of the Technological Future’s Uncertainty
Authors: Kovalchuk J. , Stepnov I.
Published: January 2020

Review of the books: Franklin D. Megatech: Technology and Society: 2050 in the Forecasts of Scientists and Writers. Moscow, Bombora, 2018. 400 p. (in Russian) Leonghard G. Technology vs. Humanity: The Coming Clash between Man and Machine. Moscow, Publishing house AST, 2018. 260 p. (in Russian)

The author declares absence of conflict of interests.
Serbian Society at the Beginning of the 20th Century. “Militarization of Everyday”
Authors: Vishnyakov Ya. V.
Published: January 2020

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Eastern question and the search for ways to solve it occupied a central place in the politics of both Russia and European states. With his decision was closely linked the process of formation of the young Balkan countries. Serbia, whose formation of a new statehood typologically coincides with a change in the system of European international relations of the 19th and early 20th centuries, played an important role in the events of the Eastern question, while claiming to be the Yugoslav “Piemont”. However, it was the war by the beginning of the twentieth century. It became, both for Serbia and other countries of the region, not only a means of gaining state sovereignty, but also the main way to resolve its own interstate contradictions, which took place against the background of an external factor - the impact on the political processes of the Balkans of the Great Powers. These factors led to the natural militarization of the everyday life of Serbian society. The presence in the everyday consciousness of the people of the image of a hostile “other” became one of the main ways of internal consolidation of the country, when attitudes towards war, pushing the values of peaceful life to the background, created a special basic consensus in the state development of Serbia at the beginning of the 20th century, and the anthropological role of the military factor was essential influenced the underlying processes that took place in the country at the beginning of the twentieth century. In the conditions of a new stage of destruction of the Balkans along the ethno-political line, the factor of militarization of everyday life again becomes an important element of the historical policy of the Balkan countries and the construction of a “new past”. In this regard, the understanding of many problems and possible scenarios for the development of the current Balkan reality is linked to this phenomenon. Thus, the study of the impact on the political life of Serbia at the beginning of the twentieth century of special "extra-constitutional" institutions is important for a wide range of researchers, including for a systematic analysis of the crisis in the territory of the former SFRY.

Author declares the absence of conflict of interests.
The “Nixon China Shock” in the Mirror of Japanese Domestic Politics
Authors: Nelidov V. V.
Published: January 2020

The “Nixon China Shock” (the July 15, 1971 statement by the U.S. President R. Nixon about the recent trip of his National Security Advisor H. Kissinger to the PRC and about the President’s upcoming visit there) became one of the pivotal points in the history of Japanese foreign policy and contributed to Tokyo becoming more independent from Washington in its diplomatic course. Using the case of Japan’s reaction to this event, the article explores the characteristic features of the foreign policy making process in post-war Japan and demonstrates the considerable influence of these features on the character of Japanese foreign policy of the so-called “1955 System” period (the prolonged and continuous dominance of the conservative Liberal Democratic Party in 1955-93). The paper shows the decentralization of the foreign policy making process, expressed in the limited ability of the Prime Minister to determine foreign policy, the presence of considerable internal contradictions in the MoFA of Japan, the factionalism of the ruling party, and the high degree of dependency of the government’s policy course on the public opinion. It proves that these factors were one of the reasons for Japan’s political leadership avoiding decisive actions to normalize relations with the PRC before the “Nixon shock”, cautious that it might damage its relations with the U.S. and unable to discern the signs of upcoming U.S.-Chinese détente, and after this event, vice versa, making every effort to normalize its relations with Beijing as soon as possible, reaching this goal even before their American partners did. Given the historical importance of the “1955 System” for contemporary Japanese politics, the article’s conclusions are significant for the understanding of the logic of Japan’s domestic politics and foreign policy of the entire post-war period.

Author declares the absence of conflict of interests.
A bridge construction from Sheffer stroke basic algebras to MTL-algebras
Authors: SENTURK İbrahim
Published: January 2020

In this study, we bridge over from Sheffer stroke basic algebras to MTL-algebras by means of defining all operations only via Sheffer stroke operation. We also give some equalities and inequalities which are used in this construction. Furthermore, we deal with construction relations between other algebraic structures as BL-algebras, MV-algebras and Gödel algebras and Sheffer stroke basic algebras.
Inhibitiory effect of garlic extracts on polyphenoloxidase
Authors: DİKEN Mehmet Emin
Published: January 2020

In this study, the inhibition effect of heat-treated garlic extract on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) obtained from Mentha piperita L. (mint) was investigated. In addition that the investigation was extended using inhibitors such as ascorbic acid, L-cysteine, glutathione, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and sodium azide using catechol, 4-methylcatecholand pyrogallol as substrates. PPO activity was significantly decreased by different reducing agents such as ascorbic acid, sodium azide, glutathione, L-cysteine and EDTA. The enzyme was also inhibited by the addition of garlic extract heat treated at different temperature (room temperature, 50 and 100 oC). Garlic extract heat-treated at 100 °C showed higher inhibition effect than the other garlic extracts. Ascorbic acid showed the strongest inhibitory activity among these inhibitors. This paper represents a new inhibitory source for preventing of enzymatic browning.
On new modular sequence space defined over 2-normed spaces
Authors: ATICİ TURAN Gülcan
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a new sequence space F(‖.,.‖,M,p,u) is defined by using a sequence of Orlicz functions in 2-normed spaces. Some various properties and some inclusions are also examined on this space.
Alüminyum-karbon elyaf sandviç kompozit levhaların V-bükme işleminde bükme açılarının ve bükme yönlerinin geri esneme üzerindeki etkisi
Authors: IŞIKTAŞ Ali , TAŞKIN Vedat
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada, alüminyum-karbon elyaf sandviç levhaların V bükme operasyonu neticesinde oluşan geri esneme davranışı deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Bükme yönünün geri esneme davranışı üzerine olan etkisini incelemek amacıyla farklı bükme yönlerindeki sandviç kompozit levhalar 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° ve 90° bükme açılarında şekillendirilmiştir. Farklı bükme yönlerinde şekillendirilen sandviç kompozit levhalarda meydana gelen geri esneme değerlerinin birbirine çok yakın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, T1 (saat yönünün tersinde) bükme yönündeki sandviç kompozit levhaların 75° ve 90° bükme açılarındaki testlerinde alüminyum ve karbon elyaf plakalar arasında açılmalar görülürken, T2 (saat yönünde) bükme yönündeki sandviç kompozit levhaların 75° ve 90° bükme açılarında ise dış taraftaki alüminyum sac levhalarda yırtılmalar oluşmuştur.
Modeling of Duhem hysteresis with Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative
Authors: İSKENDER EROĞLU Beyza Billur
Published: January 2020

In the view of memory effect of hysteresis, this work aims to interpret hysteresis nonlinearities in terms of Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative which is a singular operator with memory and hereditary properties. For this purpose, Duhem hysteresis, a model defined by a first order differential equation, is considered and adapted to a fractional order differential equation. Since the fractional order Duhem hysteresis cannot be solved by an analytical scheme, Grünwald-Letnikov approximation is used to obtain numerical solutions. Thus, the effect of fractional order derivative to Duhem hysteresis is demonstrated with graphics obtained by this approximation and plotting using MATLAB. As a result, it is observed that the fractional order model exhibits hysteresis behavior for the orders that are smaller than 1.
On third-order fuzzy differential equations by fuzzy Laplace transform
Authors: GÜLTEKİN ÇİTİL Hülya
Published: January 2020

In this study, third-order fuzzy differential equations are studied using fuzzy Laplace transform under the approach of Hukuhara differentiability. Examples are solved. Graphics of the solutions are drawn. Conclusions are given.
Algoritma yazma ve öğrenimi hakkında meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin görüşleri
Authors: AKKAYA Ahmet , ÖZTÜRK Gülcan
Published: January 2020

Günümüz teknolojisinin gelişmesiyle birlikte bilgisayar, akıllı telefon, tablet gibi cihazların kullanımı artmıştır. Bu cihazların popüler olmasını sağlayan en önemli neden içerisindeki uygulama yazılımlarıdır. Yazılımları oluşturmak için mutlaka bir programcıya ihtiyaç vardır. Programcının ise istenen yazılımı oluşturmadan önce yazılıma ait algoritmayı zihninde tasarlayıp, yazması gerekmektedir. Algoritma yazma süreci de soyut bir süreç olduğundan öğrenciler algoritma yazmada ve öğreniminde zorluk yaşamaktadırlar. Bu araştırmanın amacı, meslek yüksekokulu bilgisayar programcılığı programında öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerin, algoritma yazma ve öğrenimi hakkındaki görüşlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, Batı Anadolu’da bulunan bir üniversitenin meslek yüksekokulu bilgisayar programcılığı programı ikinci sınıfında öğrenim görmekte olan 38 öğrencidir. Çalışmada, katılımcılar algoritma ve programlama ile ilgili dersleri almış olan öğrencilerden seçildiği için amaçsal örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgubilim desenine göre yürütülen araştırmada verileri toplamak için yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler içerik analizi kullanılarak kodlanmıştır. Yapılan kodlamalar için kodlayıcılar arası uyuşum oranı %81 olarak bulunmuştur. Veriler kodlandıktan sonra ortaya çıkan temalara göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, algoritma yazma sürecinin soyut işlemlerden oluşmasının algoritma konularının öğrenilmesini zorlaştırdığı, öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun, algoritma konusunun öğrencinin aktif olduğu yöntemlerle işlenmesi ve algoritma görselleştirme uygulamalarının kullanılmasının öğrencilerin soyut işlemleri somutlaştırmalarını sağladığı şeklinde görüş belirttiği görülmüştür. Araştırma sonunda ortaya çıkan görüşler doğrultusunda algoritma konularının öğretimine yönelik olarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN PAKAIAN BERBASIS WEB PADA DISTRO CHANNEL CIREBON DENGAN METODE CRM OPERASIONAL (STUDI KASUS : DISTRO CHANNEL)
Authors: Abbas Cecep Juliansyah , Sopyan Ucup , Nugraha Dadan
Published: January 2020

Distro Channel is located on Jalan Raya Letjend S Parman, Pabuaran Cirebon. At this time, Distro Channel only markets its products around Pabuaran. Efforts to get new entrants depend on the participation of old customers to spread information about the Distro Channel to other prospective customers. This becomes less effective in terms of time and it can result in a greater risk of losing customers. This study aims to create an information system that implements operational CRM methods so that customers can make product purchases as desired by accessing the Distro Channel website. This research uses the waterfall system development method. The stages of this waterfall are analyzing system requirements, making system design, implementing system, testing and operating and maintaining system. The implementation of CRM that is applied in the Distro Channel, namely giving points in accordance with the provisions will get 1 point for multiples of spending Rp. 65,000, - points with a certain amount can be exchanged with the promo product points that have been provided, these points can be used as a discount of Rp. 1,000, -. The application of CRM in this system is expected to be able to improve services so that it impacts on increasing customer loyalty.� Keywords: Information Systems, Distribution Channel, operational CRM, Waterfall, Sales Website, customer loyalty, points
Using data analytics to quantify the impact of production test uncertainty on oil flow rate forecast
Authors: Monteiro Danielle D. , Duque Maria Machado , Chaves Gabriela S. , Ferreira Filho Virgílio M. , Baioco Juliana S.
Published: January 2020

In general, flow measurement systems in production units only report the daily total production rates. As there is no precise control of individual production of each well, the current well flow rates and their parameters are determined when production tests are conducted. Because production tests are performed periodically (e.g., once a month), information about the wells is limited and operational decisions are made using data that are not updated. Meanwhile, well properties and parameters from the production test are typically used in multiphase flow models to forecast the expected production. However, this is done deterministically without considering the different sources of uncertainties in the production tests. This study aims to introduce uncertainties in oil flow rate forecast. To do this, it is necessary to identify and quantify uncertainties from the data obtained in the production tests, consider them in production modeling, and propagate them by using multiphase flow simulation. This study comprises two main areas: data analytics and multiphase flow simulation. In data analytics, an algorithm is developed using R to analyze and treat the data from production tests. The most significant stochastic variables are identified and data deviation is adjusted to probability distributions with their respective parameters. Random values of the selected variables are then generated using Monte Carlo and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) methods. In multiphase flow simulation, these possible values are used as input. By nodal analysis, the simulator output is a set of oil flow rate values, with their interval of occurrence probabilities. The methodology is applied, using a representative Brazilian offshore field as a case study. The results show the significance of the inclusion of uncertainties to achieve greater accuracy in the multiphase flow analysis of oil production.
Pluralism and Hybridity in instant poems: Taxonomizing Indonesian students' degree of nationalism through their creative process
Authors: Akun Akun , Andreani Wiwik
Published: January 2020

Poetry can be a device that is rich in meaning in responding to any issues, including pluralism issue. The aim of this research is to elaborate students’ attitudes expressed in their poem on pluralism issues in Indonesia. This research is also conducted to identify and group the responses into three attitudes: positive, negative, and neutral, and into five hybrid categories proposed by Steven G. Yao: Cross-fertilization, Mimicry, Grafting, Transplantation, and Mutation. The research is conducted in five private universities in Jakarta and Tangerang: Bina Nusantara University, Pamulang University, Nasional University, Indonesian Christian University, and Indonesian Al-Azhar University. The result of the research shows that out of 153 poems, most students (65%) have positive attitude toward pluralism. While 16 % of them have negative attitude and only 19% of the respondents have neutral or ambiguous attitude. Interestingly, 36 students (23.52%) use the word “tunngal/one” as a metaphoric medium to express their response, while 33 (21.56%) students use colors to represent their thoughts, 28 students (18.30%) use “bhinneka / diversity” to show their responses, and there are 10 students (6.53%) use “rainbow” to signify pluralism issues. There are strong metaphors found effective in reflecting the students’ ideas such as garden, music, jar, batik, Garuda, salad, and sandals. The strong metaphors, studied in Yao’s hybridization, show all the five degrees of hybrid interaction: two cross-fertilizations, one mimicry, three graftings, three transplantations, and three mutations. It is concluded that the students have positively owned a high degree sense of nationalism in responding to Indonesian plural realities.
Tradisi Adat Methik Pari Di Desa Kalistail Kecamatan Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi (Studi Pendekatan Historis)
Authors: Shomad Abdul , Adinata Topan Priananda
Published: January 2020

Adat methik pari merupakan adat yang ada di Desa Kalistail Kecamatan Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Adat ini telah ada sejak zaman Nenek moyang orang Jawa, selamatan ini dilaksanakan sebagai wujud syukur petani kepada Tuhan atas keselamatan dalam penggarapan lahan pertanian, dan hasil panen yang melimpah serta dihindarkan dari ganggguan hama. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi makna, proses pelaksanaan serta peran masyarakat dalam pelestarian tradisi adat methik pari di Desa Kalistail Kecamatan Genteng Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Meode penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif berupa studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dengan observasi, interview, dan dokumentasi. Teknik validasi data dan analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adat selamatan methik pari telah ada sejak zaman nenek moyang masyarakat Jawa di Desa Kalistail. Adat selamatan tersebut memiliki makna bahwa terjalinnya kerukunan dalam bermasyarakat dan sebagai penghubung manusia antara leluhur dan Tuhannya, serta akan diberi keselamatan dalam penggarapan lahan pertaniannya. Oleh karena pengaruh globalisasi, maka adat selamatan tersebut mulai memudar dan menghilang. Peran penjaga adat masih nampak, walaupun regenerasi kurang memahami diperlukan adanya pemahaman tentang pentingnya tradisi tersebut. Mengingat tradisi tersebut merupakan warisan budaya milik Daerah dan dapat dijadikan sebagai aset pengembangan wisata budaya di Kabupaten Banyuwangi, khususnya di Desa Kalistail Kecamatan Genteng, sehingga tidak terlindas oleh arus globalisasi.
Pengaruh Ekstraksi SiO2 dari Lumpur Lapindo Terhadap Daya Adsorpsinya pada Larutan Metil Orange
Authors: Ulfindrayani Ika Fitri , Ikhlas Nurani , A’yuni Qurrota , Fanani Nurull , Gaol Binaria Lumban , Lestari Devi
Published: January 2020

Metil orange merupakan salah satu zat warna yang banyak digunakan di industri tekstil. Metil orange ini tergolong ke dalam zat warna yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Salah satu metode yang baik digunakan untuk mengurangi bahaya dari metil orange yaitu metode adsorpsi. SiO2 diketahui memiliki sifat adsorben yang baik karena memiliki struktur dan sifat permukaan yang stabil terhadap bahan kimia. Lumpur Lapindo merupakan salah satu sumber SiO2 yang keberadanya melimpah. Kandungan SiO2 pada Lumpur Lapindo yakni sebesar 55%. Tingginya kandungan SiO2 dalam Lumpur Lapindo, membuat lumpur lapindo memiliki daya adsorpsi yang baik. Pada penelitian ini Lumpur Lapindo digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk metil orange. Proses adsorpsi dilakukan dengan metode batch. Lumpur Lapindo dipreparasi terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap daya adsorpsi pada Metil orange. Preparasi dilakukan dengan ekstraksi SiO2 dari Lumpur Lapindo menggunakan metode kopresipitasi yang dapat meningkatkan kemurnian SiO2 dari 50% menjadi 78,6%. SiO2 hasil ekstraksi memiliki %removal dan kapasitas adsorpsi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan lumpur Lapindo masing-masing sebesar 81,39% dan 0,081mg/g.
Perengkahan Metil Ester dari Minyak Jelantah Menggunakan Katalis Pt/ Al2O3
Authors: Monde Junety , Kumalasari Prapti Ira , Nugroho Kevin
Published: January 2020

Konsumsi minyak goreng di Indonesia meningkat setiap tahunnya. Penggunaan minyak goreng secara berulang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas mutu. Limbah minyak goreng yang dibuang ke perairan dapat menyebabkan rusaknya ekosistem perairan karena akan menutupi permukaan air sehingga sinar matahari tidak bisa masuk secara maksimal yang menyebabkan meningkatnya nilai Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) serta Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). Katalis logam memiliki tingkat sisi aktif yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan katalis lainnya. Penelitian ini melakukan perengkahan metil ester minyak jelantah menggunakan katalis Pt/Al2O3. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah transesterifikasi pada suhu 55 ºC dan perengkahan dengan variasi konsentrasi katalis 0,6%, 0,7%, 0,8% dan 0,9% berat minyak dalam 500 mL minyak jelantah  pada suhu 55ºC. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari biofuel yang dihasilkan dari perengkahan melalui analisa angka asam, angka penyabunan  angka iodin dan flash point. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai terbaik pada konsentrasi katalis 0,9% dengan  kandungan asam lemak bebas 0,0014 mgKOH/g FFA, nilai flash point 165,5 ºC dan angka iodin 2,79 (massa/massa) serta angka penyabunan sebesar 5,3 mg KOH/g.
Pengaruh pH dan Metabolisme Bakteri Escherichia coli dalam Reaktor Microbial Fuel Cell Terhadap Reduksi Kromium Heksavalen
Authors: Kumalasari Prapti Ira , Monde Junety , Yusuf Zefanya Bernadi , Rini Rini
Published: January 2020

Kalimantan merupakan pulau yang terkenal akan sektor  pertambangan salah satunya di daerah delta Mahakam, yang dalam proses eksploitasinya berpotensi menghasilkan limbah logam berat, seperti logam berat Cr6+. Pencemaran logam Cr6+ cukup sulit untuk terurai dilingkungan dan bersifat karsinogenik, karena dengan konsentrasi kecil saja dapat menimbulkan tingkat keracunan yang sangat tinggi pada makhluk hidup, sehingga pengolahan terhadap limbah tersebut sangat penting. Microbial Fuel Cell merupakan suatu metode yang dapat membantu proses pengolahan limbah dengan cara mereduksi Cr6+ menjadi Cr3+ dengan katalisis mikrobiologis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode reaktor double-chamber yaitu terdapat ruang anoda yang berisi bakteri anaerob dan basic anolyte, sedangkan pada ruang katoda terdapat kalium dikromat dengan konsentrasi 18 mg/L dan variasi pH 3, 4 dan 5 yang dilakukan selama 10 hari. Kondisi pH optimum pada proses reduksi terjadi pada pH 4 dengan besar persen penurunan sekitar 98%. Dan produksi listrik tertinggi pada hari ke-2 pada variasi pH 3 dengan nilai power density sebesar sebesar 11, 06 mW/m2.