bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization and zoonotic potential of Entamoeba spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis from captive wild animals in northwest China
Authors: Wang Yuexin , Zeng Yuechen , Wu Yaoli , Lu Furui , Hou Xiaopeng , Shao Junfeng , Zhang Tengteng , Shao Chen
Published: July 2024

Background

Parasites Entamoeba spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis are prevalent pathogens causing gastrointestinal illnesses in animals and humans. Consequently, researches on their occurrence, distribution and hosts are crucial for the well-being of both animals and humans. Due to the confined spaces and frequent interaction between animals and humans, animal sanctuaries have emerged as potential reservoirs for these parasites. In this study, the wildlife sanctuary near the Huang Gorge of the Qinling Mountains in northwest China is chosen as an ideal site for parasite distribution research, considering its expansive stocking area and high biodiversity.

Results

We collected 191 fecal specimens from 37 distinct wildlife species and extracted genomic DNA. We identified these three parasites by amplifying specific gene regions and analyzed their characteristics and evolutionary relationships. All the parasites exhibited a high overall infection rate, reaching 90.05%. Among them, seven Entamoeba species were identified, accounting for a prevalence of 54.97%, with the highest infection observed in Entamoeba bovis. In total, 11 Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes were discovered, representing a prevalence of 35.08%, including three genotypes of human-pathogenic Group 1 and two novel genotypes (SXWZ and SXLG). Additionally, 13 Blastocystis subtypes were detected, showing a prevalence of 74.87% and encompassing eight zoonotic subtypes. All of the above suggests significant possibilities of parasite transmission between animals and humans.

Conclusions

This study investigated the occurrence and prevalence of three intestinal parasites, enhancing our understanding of their genetic diversity and host ranges in northwest China. Furthermore, the distribution of these parasites implies significant potential of zoonotic transmission, underscoring the imperative for ongoing surveillance and implementation of control measures. These efforts are essential to mitigate the risk of zoonotic disease outbreaks originating from wildlife sanctuary.
Necroptosis plays a role in TL1A-induced airway inflammation and barrier damage in asthma
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Zhang Jintao , Zhang Dong , Pan Yun , Zeng Rong , Xu Changjuan , Shi Shuochuan , Xu Jiawei , Qi Qian , Dong Xueli , Wang Junfei , Liu Tian , Dong Liang
Published: July 2024

Background

Airway epithelial cell (AEC) necroptosis contributes to airway allergic inflammation and asthma exacerbation. Targeting the tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1 A (TL1A)/death receptor 3 (DR3) axis has a therapeutic effect on asthmatic airway inflammation. The role of TL1A in mediating necroptosis of AECs challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and its contribution to airway inflammation remains unclear.

Methods

We evaluated the expression of the receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3(RIPK3) and the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) in human serum and lung, and histologically verified the level of MLKL phosphorylation in lung tissue from asthmatics and OVA-induced mice. Next, using MLKL knockout mice and the RIPK3 inhibitor GSK872, we investigated the effects of TL1A on airway inflammation and airway barrier function through the activation of necroptosis in experimental asthma.

Results

High expression of necroptosis marker proteins was observed in the serum of asthmatics, and necroptosis was activated in the airway epithelium of both asthmatics and OVA-induced mice. Blocking necroptosis through MLKL knockout or RIPK3 inhibition effectively attenuated parabronchial inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway collagen fiber accumulation, while also suppressing type 2 inflammatory factors secretion. In addition, TL1A/ DR3 was shown to act as a death trigger for necroptosis in the absence of caspases by silencing or overexpressing TL1A in HBE cells. Furthermore, the recombinant TL1A protein was found to induce necroptosis in vivo, and knockout of MLKL partially reversed the pathological changes induced by TL1A. The necroptosis induced by TL1A disrupted the airway barrier function by decreasing the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, possibly through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Conclusions

TL1A-induced airway epithelial necroptosis plays a significant role in promoting airway inflammation and barrier dysfunction in asthma. Inhibition of the TL1A-induced necroptosis pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy.
Adaptation of risk prediction equations for cardiovascular outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes in real-world settings: a cross-institutional study using common data model approach
Authors: Yang Chun-Ting , Chong Kah Suan , Wang Chi-Chuan , Ou Huang-Tz , Kuo Shihchen
Published: July 2024

Objective

To adapt risk prediction equations for myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF) among patients with type 2 diabetes in real-world settings using cross-institutional electronic health records (EHRs) in Taiwan.

Methods

The EHRs from two medical centers, National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH; 11,740 patients) and National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH; 20,313 patients), were analyzed using the common data model approach. Risk equations for MI, stroke, and HF from UKPDS-OM2, RECODe, and CHIME models were adapted for external validation and recalibration. External validation was assessed by (1) discrimination, evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and (2) calibration, evaluated by calibration slopes and intercepts and the Greenwood–Nam–D’Agostino (GND) test. Recalibration was conducted for unsatisfactory calibration (p-value of GND test < 0.05) by adjusting the baseline hazards of original equations to address variations in patients’ cardiovascular risks across institutions.

Results

The CHIME risk equations had acceptable discrimination (AUROC: 0.71–0.79) and better calibration than that for UKPDS-OM2 and RECODe, although the calibration remained unsatisfactory. After recalibration, the calibration slopes/intercepts of the CHIME-MI, CHIME-stroke, and CHIME-HF risk equations were 0.9848/− 0.0008, 1.1003/− 0.0046, and 0.9436/0.0063 in the NCKUH population and 1.1060/− 0.0011, 0.8714/0.0030, and 1.0476/− 0.0016 in the NTUH population, respectively. All the recalibrated risk equations showed satisfactory calibration (p-values of GND tests ≥ 0.05).

Conclusions

We provide valid risk prediction equations for MI, stroke, and HF outcomes in Taiwanese type 2 diabetes populations. A framework for adapting risk equations across institutions is also proposed.
Longitudinal economic burden of incident complications among metabolic syndrome populations
Authors: Chong Kah Suan , Chang Yi-Hsin , Yang Chun-Ting , Chou Chu-Kuang , Ou Huang‑Tz , Kuo Shihchen
Published: July 2024

Background

This study quantifies the longitudinal economic burden for a wide spectrum of incident complications, metabolic syndrome (MS)-related risk factors, and comorbidities in patients with MS.

Methods

This retrospective study utilized linked data from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey and the 2012–2021 National Health Insurance Research Database to identify MS individuals and their characteristics. The incidence rate of each complication was calculated as the number of complication events in the study period divided by the total person-years during follow-up. The healthcare costs of complications were analyzed using a generalized estimating equation model to determine the cost impact of complications after adjustment for patients’ characteristics. Sensitivity analyses on variables with high missing rates (i.e., cause of death, body mass index) were performed.

Results

Among 837 identified MS individuals over 8.28 (± 1.35) years of follow-up, the most frequent complications were microvascular diseases (incidence rate for nephropathy/retinopathy/neuropathy: 6.49/2.64/2.08 events per 100 person-years), followed by cardiovascular diseases (2.47), peripheral vascular diseases (2.01), and cancers (1.53). Death was the costliest event (event-year cost per person: USD 16,429) and cancers were the most expensive complications (USD 9,127−11,083 for non-MS- and MS-related cancers). Developing non-MS/MS-related cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity-related medical conditions increased annual costs by 273% (95% CI: 181−397%)/175% (105−269%), 159% (118−207%), and 140% (84−214%), respectively. Microvascular diseases had the lowest cost impact on annual costs (i.e., 27% [17−39%]/27% [11−46%]/24% [11−37%] increases for nephropathy/neuropathy/retinopathy, respectively). Having existing comorbidities increased annual costs by 20% (osteoarthritis) to 108% (depression). Having morbid obesity (i.e., body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2) increased annual costs by 58% (30−91%).

Conclusions

The economic burden from costly incident complications (i.e., cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, cancers), MS-related risk factors (i.e., morbid obesity), and comorbidities (i.e., depression) highlight the urgent need for early intervention to prevent MS and its progression. The comprehensive cost estimates reported in this study can facilitate the parameterization of economic analyses to identify cost-effective interventions for these patients.
Multigenerational inequalities of opportunity in health outcomes
Authors: Balasooriya Namal N. , Bandara Jayatilleke S. , Rohde Nicholas
Published: July 2024

This paper studies multigenerational health transmission mechanisms in Australian panel data. Using inequality-of-opportunity (IOP) models, we demonstrate that grandparental socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of personal health, even after controlling for health and SES at the parental level. Our findings hold over a range of health/biomarkers of individuals’ physical and mental well-being and appear to be especially sensitive to educational outcomes on the father’s side. Since ingrained socioeconomic (dis)advantages that persist over multiple generations may be indicative of social class, our results suggest that subtle attitudinal and behavioural characteristics associated with this variable may be a key factor driving health disparities.
Effect of direct oral anticoagulant therapy on pulmonary artery clot dissolution in intermediate high-risk pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Hayashi Hiroya , Tsuji Akihiro , Kotoku Akiyuki , Endo Hiroyuki , Nishi Naruhiro , Kiko Takatoyo , Asano Ryotaro , Ueda Jin , Aoki Tatsuo , Fukuda Tetsuya , Ogo Takeshi
Published: July 2024

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants are the established drugs for treating pulmonary thromboembolism. The advantage of direct oral anticoagulants over conventional therapy for clot lysis and right ventricular unloading in the acute phase remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acute treatment with direct oral anticoagulants on clot dissolution and right ventricular unloading in intermediate high-risk pulmonary thromboembolism.

Methods

Thirty patients with intermediate high-risk pulmonary thromboembolism admitted between November 2012 and December 2018 were included; 21 and 9 were treated with direct oral anticoagulants and conventional therapy, respectively. We compared the efficacy of clot dissolution and right ventricular unloading for intermediate high-risk pulmonary thromboembolism between direct oral anticoagulant and conventional therapy in the acute phase. Efficacy was assessed by computed tomography obstruction index, right/left ventricular ratio, and brain natriuretic peptide levels between baseline and at discharge.

Results

Computed tomography obstruction index, right ventricular/left ventricular ratio, and brain natriuretic peptide levels were significantly lower at discharge than at admission in both groups. The rate of improvement in computed tomography obstruction index was significantly higher in the direct oral anticoagulant therapy group than in the conventional therapy group (64 ± 15% vs. 47 ± 16%; p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the rate of improvement in right ventricular/ left ventricular ratio and brain natriuretic peptide levels between the two groups.

Conclusions

Compared with conventional therapy, direct oral anticoagulants significantly reduced pulmonary artery clot burden conventional therapy in the acute treatment of intermediate high-risk pulmonary thromboembolism.
Use of cortical hemodynamic responses in digital therapeutics for upper limb rehabilitation in patients with stroke
Authors: Kim Jinuk , Kim Eunmi , Lee Su-Hyun , Lee Gihyoun , Kim Yun-Hee
Published: July 2024

Background

Stroke causes long-term disabilities, highlighting the need for innovative rehabilitation strategies for reducing residual impairments. This study explored the potential of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for monitoring cortical activation during rehabilitation using digital therapeutics.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 18 patients with chronic stroke, of whom 13 were men. The mean age of the patients was 67.0 ± 7.1 years. Motor function was evaluated through various tests, including the Fugl–Meyer assessment for upper extremity (FMA-UE), grip and pinch strength test, and box and block test. All the patients completed the digital rehabilitation program (MotoCog®, Cybermedic Co., Ltd., Republic of Korea) while being monitored using fNIRS (NIRScout®, NIRx Inc., Germany). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was employed to analyze the cortical activation patterns from the fNIRS data. Furthermore, the K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) algorithm was used to analyze task performance and fNIRS data to classify the severity of motor impairment.

Results

The participants showed diverse task performances in the digital rehabilitation program, demonstrating distinct patterns of cortical activation that correlated with different motor function levels. Significant activation was observed in the ipsilesional primary motor area (M1), primary somatosensory area (S1), and contralateral prefrontal cortex. The activation patterns varied according to the FMA-UE scores. Positive correlations were observed between the FMA-UE scores and SPM t-values in the ipsilesional M1, whereas negative correlations were observed in the ipsilesional S1, frontal lobe, and parietal lobe. The incorporation of cortical hemodynamic responses with task scores in a digital rehabilitation program substantially improves the accuracy of the K-NN algorithm in classifying upper limb functional levels in patients with stroke. The accuracy for tasks, such as the gas stove-operation task, increased from 44.4% using only task scores to 83.3% when these scores were combined with oxy-Hb t-values from the ipsilesional M1.

Conclusions

The results advocated the development of tailored digital rehabilitation strategies by combining the behavioral and cerebral hemodynamic data of patients with stroke. This approach aligns with the evolving paradigm of personalized rehabilitation in stroke recovery, highlighting the need for further extensive research to optimize rehabilitation outcomes.
Patent conversion of a novel closed chest drainage device
Authors: Huang Shaoqing , Song Xu , Tong Zhongkai , Shi Qiang , Li Jie
Published: July 2024

Closed chest drainage is typically necessary following Lobar and Sublobar resections to evacuate gases and fluids from the thoracic cavity, eliminate residual pleural space for lung expansion, and maintain negative pressure. Currently, three conventional closed chest drainage systems are commonly employed: single-chamber, double-chamber, and triple-chamber systems; each system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Despite the emergence of digital drainage systems in recent years, their high cost hinders their widespread adoption. Based on this premise, our research team has achieved a patent for a micro air pump-integrated chest closed drainage bottle, which has been further developed into a novel device integrating a three-chamber system with negative pressure control and power supply capabilities. This device enables patients undergoing perioperative lung procedures to ambulate freely while simultaneously receiving chest suction therapy—a concept that theoretically promotes rapid postoperative recovery. Moreover, this device offers economic benefits and holds potential for clinical implementation (particularly in economically underdeveloped regions). In this article, we modified the thoracic closed drainage device based on our patent and presented this novel thoracic closed drainage device after 3D printing and assembly.
Revolutionizing thoracic surgery education: a bibliometric analysis of the past decade’s literature
Authors: Guo Chao , Liu Lei , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhao Ke , Li Shanqing
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Thoracic surgery is a complex field requiring advanced technical skills and critical decision-making. Surgical education must evolve to equip trainees with proficiency in new techniques and technologies.

Methods

This bibliometric analysis systematically reviewed 113 articles on thoracic surgery skills training published over the past decade, retrieved from databases including Web of Science. Publication trends, citation analysis, author and journal productivity, and keyword frequencies were evaluated.

Results

The United States contributed the most publications, led by pioneering institutions. Simulation training progressed from basic to sophisticated modalities and virtual reality emerged with transformative potential. Minimally invasive techniques posed unique learning challenges requiring integrated curricula.

Conclusion

Ongoing investments in educational research and curriculum innovations are imperative to advance thoracic surgery training through multidisciplinary strategies. This study provides an evidentiary foundation to optimize training and address the complexities of modern thoracic surgery.
Perventricular device closure of the ventricular septal defects in children-first experience in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Omelchenko Aleksandr , Jha Neerod Kumar , Shah Nishant , AbdelMassih Antoine , Montiel Juan Pablo , Rajkumar Benedict Raj
Published: July 2024

Background

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common congenital cardiac malformation, accounting for approximately 30% of congenital heart defects. Conventional surgical repair using cardiopulmonary bypass is invasive and associated with morbidities and prolonged hospital stay. With the advent of interventional approaches and availability of different occluding devices, the technique of perventricular device closure is evolving and being implemented successfully in larger groups of patients. We present herein, our initial experience of perventricular device closure for the ventricular septal defects in children to assess risks and benefits.

Methods

From March, 2023 to February, 2024, we have performed perventricular closure of ventricular septal defects in 13 children, under guidance of transesophageal echocardiography without cardiopulmonary bypass support. The median age at operation was 2 year (range 1.3–10 years) with the median body weight 11 kg (range 8.7–16.6 kg). Sixty-nine percent were males. The ventricular septal defect sizes ranged from 2.7 to 6 mm (mean 4.7 mm). Seven defects were perimembranous, four sub-aortic and two were muscular. One patient also underwent pulmonary artery de-banding with pulmonary artery balloon angioplasty and other one patent ductus arteriosus ligation, concomitantly. For defect closure, we used ventricular septal defect occlusion device (MemoPart™, Lepu Medical Technology Company, China) through a 3-cm skin incision in the lower- third of the sternum. The device sizes ranged from 5 to 8 mm (mean 6.9+-1.8 mm) and all patients except for two required symmetrical devices.

Results

All patients underwent device closure successfully. The procedural duration ranged between 32 and 52 min. None of the patients required cardiopulmonary bypass. The mean ventilation time and intensive care unit stay was 3 and 24 h, respectively. None of the patients required inotropic support or blood transfusions. Moreover, no patients developed any arrhythmias including heart block. The average length of hospital stay was 4.4 days. At the latest follow up, there were no residual shunts, conduction disturbances, device dislodgement or major aortic or tricuspid valve complications seen in any patients. There was no mortality.

Conclusions

Perventricular device closure of ventricular septal defects is a less invasive, extremely safe and effective method in children. It is associated with very fast recovery, shorter hospitalization time and better cosmetic incision. Moreover, it avoids cardiopulmonary bypass. The modifications and refinements in the design, material and implantation techniques will help in expanding the indications and prevent complications in the long-term.
Smartphone-based intervention for postpartum depressive symptoms (Smart-e-Moms): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Daehn Daria , Meyer Caroline , Loew Viola , Wabiszczewicz Jessica , Pohl Steffi , Böttche Maria , Pawils Silke , Renneberg Babette
Published: July 2024

Background

Postpartum depression constitutes a significant public health issue, with prevalence rates ranging between 8 and 19% in high-income nations. Nevertheless, numerous barriers, including time constraints, societal stigmatization, and feelings of shame, contribute to the limited utilization of healthcare services during the postpartum period. Digital interventions offer an opportunity to enhance care for women experiencing postpartum depressive symptoms.

Methods

We will conduct a two-arm randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a smartphone-based intervention in comparison to a treatment-as-usual control group in Germany. Our aim is to randomize 556 participants in a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the intervention group will be provided access to a preventive smartphone-based intervention called “Smart-e-Moms,” which incorporates therapeutic support and comprises 10 concise modules rooted in cognitive-behavioral therapy. For the intervention group, evaluations will take place at baseline (t0), prior to sessions 4 and 8 (intermediate assessments), and upon completing the intervention 6 weeks after baseline (t1). The control group’s assessments will be at baseline (t0) and 6 weeks after baseline. Follow-up assessments are scheduled at 12 and 24 weeks from baseline to examine the short-term stability of any observed effects. We anticipate that participants in the intervention group will exhibit improvements in their postpartum depressive symptoms (as measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale). Additionally, we will analyze secondary outcomes, including maternal bonding, stress levels, self-efficacy, satisfaction with the intervention, and healthcare utilization.

Discussion

If Smart-e-Moms proves to be effective, it has the potential to play a significant role in postpartum depression care within German-speaking regions. Ideally, this intervention could not only benefit maternal well-being but also improve the prospects for healthy child development.

Trial registration

German clinical trials registry DRKS00032324. Registered on January 26, 2024.
Fueling CARs: metabolic strategies to enhance CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Van der Vreken Arne , Vanderkerken Karin , De Bruyne Elke , De Veirman Kim , Breckpot Karine , Menu Eline
Published: July 2024

CAR T cells are widely applied for relapsed hematological cancer patients. With six approved cell therapies, for Multiple Myeloma and other B-cell malignancies, new insights emerge. Profound evidence shows that patients who fail CAR T-cell therapy have, aside from antigen escape, a more glycolytic and weakened metabolism in their CAR T cells, accompanied by a short lifespan. Recent advances show that CAR T cells can be metabolically engineered towards oxidative phosphorylation, which increases their longevity via epigenetic and phenotypical changes. In this review we elucidate various strategies to rewire their metabolism, including the design of the CAR construct, co-stimulus choice, genetic modifications of metabolic genes, and pharmacological interventions. We discuss their potential to enhance CAR T-cell functioning and persistence through memory imprinting, thereby improving outcomes. Furthermore, we link the pharmacological treatments with their anti-cancer properties in hematological malignancies to ultimately suggest novel combination strategies.
Beneficial role of Coronatine on the morphological and physiological responses of Cress Plants (Lepidium sativum) exposed to Silver Nanoparticle
Authors: Shahraki Shahla Hashemi , Javar Fereshteh Mohamadhasani , Jamali Babak , sargazi Fatemeh
Published: July 2024

Background

Silver nanoparticles are widely used in various fields such as industry, medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture. However, the inevitable release of these nanoparticles into the environment poses potential risks to ecosystems and may affect plant productivity. Coronatine is one of the newly identified compounds known for its beneficial influence on enhancing plant resilience against various stress factors. To evaluate the effectiveness of coronatine pretreatment in mitigating the stress induced by silver nanoparticles on cress plants, the present study was carried out.

Results

Our findings indicated a decrease in multiple growth parameters, proline content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids in cress plants exposed to silver nanoparticle treatment. This decline could be attributed to the oxidative stress induced by the presence of silver nanoparticles in the plants. Conversely, when coronatine treatment was applied, it effectively mitigated the reduction in growth parameters and pigments induced by the silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, we observed an increase in silver content in both the roots and shoot portions, along with elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), anthocyanins, glutathione (GSH), and antioxidant enzyme activities in plants exposed to silver nanoparticles. Concurrently, there was a decrease in total phenolic compounds, ascorbate, anthocyanins, and proline content. Pre-treatment of cress seeds with coronatine resulted in increased levels of GSH, total phenolic compounds, and proline content while reducing the silver content in both the root and shoot parts of the plant.

Conclusions

Coronatine pre-treatment appeared to enhance both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, thereby alleviating oxidative stress and improving the response to stress induced by silver nanoparticles.
Integration of Machine learning and equal differential time method for enhanced hypocenter localization in earthquake early warning systems: application to dense seismic arrays in Taiwan
Authors: Lian Jia-Xiang , Liao Wu-Yu , Lee En-Jui , Chen Da-Yi , Chen Po
Published: July 2024

The Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) acts as a vital instrument for reducing seismic risks in regions with high seismic vulnerability. A rapid and accurate hypocenter estimation is pivotal for the EEWS, providing the groundwork for more reliable magnitude and intensity assessments necessary for effective earthquake warnings. This study presents an algorithm that integrates machine-learning-based (near) real-time phase picking with an Equal Differential Time (EDT) rapid hypocenter location algorithm, applying it to a 3D velocity model. The phase-picking model, refined through data augmentation, enhances the precision of phase detection in continuous recordings and simultaneous multiple events while ensuring the swift detection of the P-phase, which is critical for early earthquake warnings. Our rapid earthquake location method calculates theoretical P arrivals from potential hypocenters, which are grid points in a 3D velocity model, to stations that are close to their grid points, with the arrivals being stored by the station. As P arrivals are detected, the differences in arrival times across stations are utilized in EDT for estimating hypocenters. Furthermore, our earthquake location algorithm is adept at localizing multiple seismic events, a capability that can diminish the risk of unreported cases in scenarios where events occur in close temporal and spatial succession in high seismicity regions. We applied the algorithm to real waveform recordings of recent earthquakes in Taiwan that satisfied the early warning criteria. The results suggest that our algorithm consistently yields more reliable hypocenter estimates compared to those from the currently operational EEWS in Taiwan. Moreover, our algorithm succeeded in locating an earthquake that the current EEWS overlooked due to its failure to recognize P arrivals. These results showcase the potential of our algorithm to provide more accurate hypocenter estimates and to locate earthquake events with complex seismic recordings.

Graphical Abstract
The impact of statin therapy on the healing of diabetic foot ulcers: a case–control series
Authors: O’Dell Brennen , Rothenberg Gary , Holmes Crystal , Priesand Sari , Mizokami-Stout Kara , Brandt Eric J. , Schmidt Brian M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a costly complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), with significant implications for the patient and the healthcare professionals that treat them. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate if there were improved healing rates in patients with a DFU that were taking a statin medication compared to those patients with a DFU who were not taking a statin medication. Secondary outcomes assessed were correlations with wound healing or statin use on data obtained from retrospective chart review.

Methods

A case–control series was performed to obtain appropriate demographic information, comorbid conditions, laboratory values, and physical examination findings. From the time of presentation with DFU, these patients were followed for 12 weeks to evaluate for healing. Healing was defined as full epithelialization of the DFU with no further drainage. Wound healing and statin use correlation testing was then done for collected variables and each cohort. Chi square and Pearson correlation were then performed to identify any significant correlations. All p-values were two-sided, and findings were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Results

Our study identified 109 patients, 75 patients with a DFU on statin medication and 34 patients with a DFU not on statin medication. The statin cohort was more likely to be older, less than 5-year duration of diabetes, have more comorbidities, decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and decreased total cholesterol (p < 0.05). Among those patients taking a statin medication, 48.0% (36/75) healed their DFU within 12 weeks. Among those patients not taking a statin medication, 44.1% (15/34) healed their DFU within 12 weeks. No correlation was noted between wound healing and statin use (p = 0.7). For wound healing, a negative correlation was noted for prior minor amputations (p < 0.05). For statin use, correlations were noted for age, duration of DM, LDL cholesterol level, total cholesterol level, HTN, CAD, and HLD (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Statin medication use did not influence DFU healing rates between cohorts. There was a correlation noted between wound healing and prior minor amputations and between statin use and age, duration of DM, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, HTN, CAD and HLD. Additionally, we observed no correlation between DFU healing rates and use of a statin medication.
Multidimensional Emotional Disorder Inventory: reliability and validity in a Colombian non-clinical sample
Authors: Zarate-Guerrero Santiago , Castro-Camacho Leonidas , Gomez-Maquet Yvonne , Duran-Molina Johanna
Published: July 2024

Background

Contemporary diagnostic frameworks in the realm of mental health have garnered criticism due to their categorical paradigm. Given the propensity of emotional disorders to manifest overlapping features, these frameworks fall short in comprehensively encapsulating their intricate nature. As a strategic response, Brown and Barlow introduced an innovative composite approach, amalgamating dimensions and categorical classifications, to adress this concern. Their strategic implementation hinged on the Multidimensional Emotional Disorder Inventory (MEDI), a transdiagnostic self-report instrument. Objective: this study undertakes the task of refining and validating the applicability of the MEDI within a non-clinical sample of Colombian university students (n = 808).

Methods

This study employed Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) to explore the structure of the measure. Results: ESEM suggested that the 8-dimension model with 48 items was the best-fitting solution, aligning with most dimensions identified by the original MEDI validation. Reliability was adequate for almost all dimensions (α: 0.69 – 0.92). An 8-dimension model with 48 items emerged as the most fitting solution, aligning with most dimensions identified by the original MEDI validation.

Conclusion

The ensuing validation and contextual adaptation of the MEDI for use in the Colombian population augments the transdiagnostic evaluation of emotional disorders, with potential implications for enhanced stratification of targeted therapeutic interventions. By optimizing the assessment of both dimensional and cross-diagnostic paradigms, the MEDI portends a noteworthy impact in realms encompassing both academic inquiry and clinical practice.
Comparison of long-term clinical outcomes of bioabsorbable polymer versus durable polymer drug-eluting stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rehman Abdur , Ahmed Ifra Eeman , Nouman Ahmed , Irfan Rabia , Rehman Qareeha , Syed Abdul Rehman Shah , Zakir Syeda Javeria , Mehdi Samar , Khosa Maha Mushtaq , Kumar Satesh , Khatri Mahima , Samiullah F. N. U. , Mohamad Tamam , Varrassi Giustino
Published: July 2024

Background

One million individuals in the USA die from acute myocardial infarction (MI), which currently affects 3 million people globally. The available data about the early and late outcomes of both biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents (BP-DES) and durable polymer drug-eluting stents exhibit inconsistency. We performed a meta-analysis comparing the safety and efficacy of BP-DES with DP-DES.

Methods

PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, and Clinical Trials.gov databases were used to find out studies comparing BP-DES to DP-DES. All the analyses used the random-effects model.

Results

A total of 18 studies were incorporated in this meta-analysis that involved 28,874 patients, out of which 11,997 received the BP Stent, and the rest of 16,578 received the DP stent. Thorough analyses revealed that the risk of all-cause death was significantly higher in the BP-DES group (5.4% vs 2.7%) (RR 1.22, p 0.02) for two years or less than two-year follow-up. For studies with more than two years of follow-up, all-cause death was 9.07% (599/6603) in BP-DES and 9.47% (531/5602) in the DP-DES group but failed to achieve statistically significant levels (RR 0.97, p 0.58).

Conclusions

The study revealed no clinically significant (P value was > 0.05) differences in all-cause death, cardiac death, target lesion revascularization (TLR), late stent thrombosis, device-oriented composite endpoint/target lesion failure (DOCE/TLF), myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel MI, target vessel revascularization (TVR), target vessel infarction (TVI) between BP-DES and DP-DES for more than two years of follow-up. Additionally, all-cause death was only outcomes which found to have a statistically significant difference for less than two years of follow-up, while remaining were statistically non-significant.
Percutaneous Aspiration and Sclerotherapy as Primary Management for a Symptomatic Benign Adrenal Cyst
Authors: Strikwerda John R , Thompson Scott M , McKenzie Travis J , Shah Meera , Bancos Irina , Foster Trenton R
Published: July 2024

Adrenal cysts are a rare benign adrenal pathology. Although the majority of adrenal cysts are asymptomatic, large cysts may present with debilitating symptoms of mass effect. Surgical adrenalectomy or cyst fenestration has been the primary mode of management for such symptomatic cysts, but these interventions can be associated with excessive morbidity, particularly when considered in the context of benign disease. Here, we present a case of a 34-year-old female with a longstanding, growing, benign left adrenal cyst associated with nonspecific abdominal symptoms. After multidisciplinary discussion, the patient was managed with primary ultrasound/fluoroscopic guided percutaneous sclerotherapy of her adrenal cyst. This technique achieved complete cyst resolution that was durable on 7-month follow-up and was associated with significant improvement of the patient's symptoms. This case illustrates the potential for primary percutaneous sclerotherapy for primary management of benign adrenal cysts.
Production of pre-velar /æ/-raising in Colorado and Ontario
Authors: Sullivan Lisa
Published: July 2024

Pre-velar /æ/-raising (BAG-raising) is a process in which some speakers of North American English raise /æ/ before /g/, but not /k/. Self-report data suggests that this process occurs in Canada and regions of the US close to the Canadian border (Stanley 2022). Acoustic data seems to support this finding, with evidence f or BAG-raising across Canada (e.g. Boberg 2006), and in the Pacific Northwest (e.g. Freeman 2021), the Upper Midwest (e.g. Koffi 2013) and California (e.g. Esposito & Lake 2021) in the US. However, this evidence is somewhat limited, particularly as there is no documentation of BAG-raising (or lack thereof) in regions where it is not expected to occur. The current study adds to our knowledge about the distribution of the production of BAG-raising by acoustically documenting its production in Colorado, where it is not expected to occur and has not been previously studied, and Ontario, where it is expected to occur and has been studied, but not specifically targeted (Boberg 2008; Sullivan 2020a). The results indicate that Ontarians BAG-raise while Coloradans do so little, if at all. Furthermore, there is a fair amount of variation in BAG-raising across participants which cannot be accounted for by region alone.
Current Indications, Trends, and Long-Term Results of 233 Bypasses to Treat Complex Intracranial Aneurysms: A Location-Specific Analysis
Authors: Sekhar Laligam N. , Shenoy Varadaraya S. , Sen Rajeev D. , Miller Charles A. , Montoure Andrew , Ghodke Basavaraj V. , Kim Louis J.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Advances in endovascular flow diverters have led to a secular shift in the management of brain aneurysms, causing debate on current bypass indications. We therefore sought to investigate the long-term results, current indications, and trends of bypasses for brain aneurysms.

METHODS:

We retrospectively reviewed bypasses performed between 2005 and 2022 to treat brain aneurysms. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data were collected till the most recent follow-up. Aneurysm occlusion and graft patency was noted on cerebral angiogram in the immediate postoperative, 3-month, and most recent follow-up periods. Clinical outcomes (modified Rankin scores) and complications were assessed at 3 month and most recent follow-up. Trends in bypass volume and graft patency were assessed in 5-year epochs. Results were dichotomized based on aneurysm location to generate location-specific results and trends.

RESULTS:

Overall, 203 patients (mean age 50 years, 57% female patients) with 207 cerebral aneurysms were treated with 233 cerebral bypasses with a mean follow-up of 2 years. Fusiform morphology was the most common bypass indication. Aneurysm occlusion on immediate postoperative and final follow-up angiogram was 89% (184/207) and 96% (198/207), respectively. Graft patency rate in the immediate postoperative period and most recent follow-up was 95% (222/233) and 92% (215/233), respectively. Of 207 aneurysms, 5 (2%) recurred. Of 203 patients, 81% (165) patients had modified Rankin scores of 0-2 at the 3-month follow-up and 11 patients died (mortality 5%). Although there was a steady decrease in the bypass volume over the study period, the proportion of bypasses for recurrent aneurysms increased serially. Posterior circulation aneurysms had lower rates of aneurysm occlusion and significantly higher incidence of postoperative strokes and deaths (P = .0035), with basilar artery aneurysms having the worst outcomes.

CONCLUSION:

Bypass indications have evolved with the inception of novel flow diverters. However, they remain relevant in the cerebrovascular surgeon's armamentarium, and long-term results are excellent.
Ανατομική μελέτη συγγενών καρδιοπαθειών επί πτωματικού υλικού
Authors: Κόλλια Ελένη
Published: July 2024

Στην παρούσα έρευνα μελετήθηκαν 28 ανθρώπινα πτώματα εκ των οποίων 18 ήταν άνδρες και 10 γυναίκες. Από αυτά 8 έπασχαν από συγγενή καρδιοπάθεια με βάση το ιστορικό και ποιο συγκεκριμμένα 6 άνδρες και 2 γυναίκες. Οι ιστοί τοποθετήθηκαν σε διάλυμα φορμόλης 10% και πραγματοποιούνταν χρώση των ιστών με την ουσία 5-φλουορεσκεΐνης, η οποία ειδική για την μελέτη του συμπαθητικού συστήματος. Όλες οι παρατηρήσεις του ερευνητή τοποθετήθηκαν σε ηλεκτρονική τράπεζα πληροφοριών (DATA) για την ασφαλή εξαγωγή παρατηρήσεων και συμπερασμάτων.
Τύπος και λογοτεχνία στον ελληνικό μεσοπόλεμο
Authors: Γανίδου Ευαγγελία
Published: July 2024

Η διδακτορική διατριβή εξετάζει τη σχέση ημερήσιου Τύπου και λογοτεχνίας στον Μεσοπόλεμο. Ειδικότερα, θέμα της διατριβής είναι η παρουσία του μυθιστορήματος και της αφηγηματικής πεζογραφίας στην εφημερίδα Η Καθημερινή στα χρόνια του ελληνικού Μεσοπολέμου (1922-1940). Η περίπτωση της Καθημερινής συνεξετάζεται μέσα από ένα αντιπροσωπευτικό δείγμα σύγχρονών της εφημερίδων, οι οποίες είναι το Ελεύθερον Βήμα, η Πρωία, η Εσπερινή, το Ελληνικόν Μέλλον και ο Ριζοσπάστης. Μέσα από το συγκεκριμένο ερευνητικό σώμα επιχειρείται μια πανοραμική ματιά στο πεδίο του μεσοπολεμικού ημερήσιου Τύπου με απώτερο σκοπό να απαντηθεί το ερώτημα τι διαβάζει το αναγνωστικό κοινό του Μεσοπολέμου στις εφημερίδες της εποχής ή, εναλλακτικά διατυπωμένο, τι προσφέρουν οι εκδότες του ημερήσιου Τύπου στους αναγνώστες τους προκειμένου να συγκρατήσουν και να αυξήσουν το κοινό τους. Μέσα σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, καταγράφονται μυθιστορηματικά είδη, τίτλοι πρωτότυπων και μεταφρασμένων έργων, συνεργασίες με έλληνες και ξένους συγγραφείς και εντοπίζονται οι στρατηγικές των εκδοτών και οι αναγνωστικές τάσεις του ελληνικού Μεσοπολέμου, όπως αυτές διαμορφώνονται μέσα από τον χώρο του εφήμερου.
Generation of optical Schrödinger ‘cat’ and entangled states using intense laser-atom interactions
Authors: Λάμπρου Θεοχάρης
Published: July 2024

Η αλληλεπίδραση των ατόμων με ισχυρούς παλμούς λέιζερ οδηγεί στη δημιουργία υψηλών αρμονικών, όπου τα χαμηλής συχνότητας φωτόνια ενός πεδίου λέιζερ μετατρέπονται σε φωτόνια υψηλότερων συχνοτήτων. Η διαδικασία αυτή είναι μια από τις πιο θεμελιώδεις διαδικασίες στη φυσική των ισχυρών λέιζερ. Έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί σε πολυάριθμα συναρπαστικά επιτεύγματα στην ατομική, μοριακή και οπτική φυσική και αποτελεί τον πυρήνα της επιστήμης των αττοδευτερολέπτων. Μέχρι πρόσφατα, η διαδικασία της Υψηλής Αρμονικής Παραγωγής περιγραφόταν επιτυχώς με κλασικές ή ημι-κλασικές προσεγγίσεις ισχυρού πεδίου, οι οποίες αντιμετωπίζουν το ηλεκτρομαγνητικό πεδίο κλασικά. Αυτό άλλαξε πρόσφατα. Στις πρόσφατες θεωρητικές και πειραματικές έρευνές μας, που πραγματοποιήθηκαν με τη χρήση πλήρως κβαντομηχανικών προσεγγίσεων σε έντονες αλληλεπιδράσεις λέιζερ-ατόμων, δείξαμε ότι οι κβαντικές λειτουργίες στη διαδικασία της υψηλής αρμονικής παραγωγής, μπορούν να οδηγήσουν στη δημιουργία οπτικών καταστάσεων "γάτας" Schrödinger και διεμπλεκόμενων καταστάσεων φωτός με ελεγχόμενα κβαντικά χαρακτηριστικά. Εδώ, περιγράφω αυτές τις εξελίξεις δίνοντας έμφαση στα πρόσφατα ευρήματά μας σχετικά με την παραγωγή έντονων οπτικών καταστάσεων "γάτας" για εφαρμογές στη μη γραμμική οπτική. Τα ευρήματα αυτά σηματοδοτούν την έναρξη ενός ποικίλου φάσματος νέων ερευνών και συναρπαστικών εξελίξεων. Θα συζητήσω επίσης πώς φιλοδοξούμε να αξιοποιήσουμε υλικά που οδηγούνται από ισχυρά λέιζερ για την ανάπτυξη μιας νέας κατηγορίας μη κλασικών και μαζικά διεμπλεκόμενων καταστάσεων για νέες εφαρμογές στις κβαντικές τεχνολογίες.
The impact of swimming and other aquatics on human development, physiology, and the course of some diseases
Authors: Wróblewski Jakub , Kawecka Weronika , Wróblewski Wiktor , Zalewski Paweł , Biłogras Jan
Published: July 2024

Introduction: In our work, we decided to connect physical activity and hydrotherapy as well as explore the impact of water-based physical activity on human organisms. We focused on the effects on physiology and body development. We also analysed studies that research aquatics activity as a method of treatment. We aim to present scientific evidence about using in-water activity in prevention and rehabilitation.
Results: Physical activity in water has a beneficial influence on the cardiorespiratory system and can be used for both prevention and rehabilitation. It is well-tolerated among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease even if physical comorbidities are present. Swimming can be used as a rehabilitation and even one form of asthma treatment in the paediatric population. Swimming can improve insulin sensitivity, glucose control and reduce biomarkers of endothelial activation. There is data suggesting that the water environment exercises benefit patients with rheumatological diseases like ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis. A positive impact was observed on the population suffering from ADHD and autism spectrum disorder. The diving by the Bathysmed® protocol seems to decrease symptoms of PTSD. Research conducted on the paediatric population shows that swimming training can benefit motor development. There were no observed impacts of aquatics on IgA levels. In contrast to that swimming can improve the level of TNFα and HSP70.
Conclusions: Recent studies show a positive influence on human development, physiology, and the course of some diseases. They suggest that aquatics can be used as a form of preventing, rehabilitating and even treatment of some illnesses. The conclusions from recent studies need to be confirmed in further research because of their limitations.
Certifications for Early Career OR/MS Professionals
Authors: Combs Kara ,   Air Force Institute of Technology
Published: July 2024

The transition from student to professional can be an overwhelming process. A student’s last year at a university is ﬁlled with regular classes and research, but on top of all of those are job applications and interviews. The job application process is competitive and extensive, with some jobs requiring up to four interviews (Indeed Editorial Team, 2023d). How can individuals set themselves apart from other candidates to secure a full-time position? In addition to their educational background and relevant work experience, many students turn to certiﬁcations.