bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Years of Wandering: Paris, Łódź, and Munich
Authors: Cohen Richard I. , Rajner Mirjam
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores Samuel Hirszenberg's life from 1889 to 1892, which was filled with wandering—personal and artistic. The chapter begins by recounting the arrival of Hirszenberg in Paris in December 1888. In contrast to his life in Munich, about which his student notebook offers at least some information, the chapter stresses that written reminiscences relating to this period have yet to be uncovered. Prior to ending his short sojourn in the City of Lights, the chapter reveals how Hirszenberg succeeded in reaching two important milestones: Yeshiva was exhibited at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1889 and was awarded a bronze medal; and he completed his first truly modernist work—Lady with a Red Parasol. The chapter follows Hirszenberg's return from Paris to Łódź to offer support to his needy family. It then discusses Hirszenberg's interest in outdoor and landscape painting as well as landscape art, impressionism, and symbolism. The chapter concludes by considering Hirszenberg's Urania, a tall and elongated canvas, which is certainly an atypical work of his.
Introduction: Urban Bridges, Global Capital(s)
Authors: Launchbury Claire , MacDonald Megan C.
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces the Mediterranean as a space of exchange and interrogation in contemporary literary studies. It provides short summaries revolving around the research of capital flows and capital centres of the trans-Meditteranean francosphere. The francosphere, then, represents a mutable location which articulates a mode of inquiry in order to assess how cultural discourses in French operate and interact across numerous bridges connecting the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, passerelle and navette leave a flexible matrix that linked Mediterranean capitals and created a space of trans-Mediterranean. The connections made across trans-Mediterranean are man-made through literature, political considerations, and cultural movements.
Marseille Provence 2013
Authors: Peysson-Zeiss Agnès
Published: September 2022

This chapter explores Marseille as a trading space between major cities along the Mare Nostrum. It notes the struggles of Marseille to achieve the Capital of Culture status alongside Košice in 2013. Due to geography, divisions created a rift between the impoverished and wealthy inhabitants. Thus, Marseille worked as a mediator of exchanges between north and south regions, while Košice focused on bridging the gap between eastern and western regions. A part of Marseille's urban transformation was thanks to the series of buildings designed by renowned architects. The chapter notes how millions-worth of effort was hoped to help the facelift of Marseille despite the rifts and displacements of its citizens.
Bridges and Fault Lines in the Mediterranean City
Authors: Ingram Mark
Published: September 2022

This chapter looks into the impact of the urban walk in Marseille. Media portrayal at the time primarily focused on crime, alienation, and lack of community. Thus, in 2014, around 40 people assembled at the centre of the Frais-Vallon housing development in an attempt to express and valorize the memory of a neighbourhood, particularly during the time of political stakes in popular neighbourhoods growing in France. Artists, associations and residents have celebrated the distinctive memorial qualities of low-income neighbourhoods as a way of promoting an image away from media portrayal. The chapter notes how the urban walk encouraged new perspectives on social and spatial boundaries.
Multilingual Pilgrimages
Authors: King Gemma
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses how Ismaël Ferroukhi's Le Grand Voyage showcased language and trans-Mediterranean cultural identity. Le Grand Voyage featured what it means to be Moroccan in France while characterizing the Mediterranean by its polarity of voices and spaces. Numerous contemporary French films tend to foreground multilingualism as a central theme in line with the cultural climate attuned to migration, integration and intercultural conflict. Moreover, multilingual characters offer a counter-perspective on dominating ideologies and status of the French language. Le Grand Voyage also challenges Eurocentric notions of linguistic powers as Arabic was showcased as equally useful and empowering in different geographic and cultural contexts.
Studying The Lord of the Rings
Authors: Dawson Anna
Published: September 2022

Unquestionably the first cinematic phenomenon of the twenty-first century, Peter Jackson's trilogy was a project of enormous artistic vision and financial risk. It is also a rich text for those studying film and media, perhaps for the first time. Studying The Lord of the Rings is the first book to consider the films in these terms, looking in turn at each of the major concepts: their complex origins and narrative structure; issues of representation masculinity, femininity and race; their generic patterns (to which genre do the films belong?) and thematic concerns; their industrial context from theatrical release to DVD extended editions; film language fusing classical mise-en-scène with cutting-edge technological practice. The aim throughout is to highlight critical debates and key terms, to relate these to the texts and to explore their stylistic and cultural impact. This Student Edition (a previously published Instructor's Edition is available) brings the story up to date with reflections on The Hobbit films.
Auteur
Authors: Dawson Anna
Published: September 2022

This chapter considers The Lord of the Rings through the lens of the auteur theory, specifically in relation to director Peter Jackson and with reference to other ‘New Hollywood’ filmmakers.
Down from London
Authors: Oulton Carolyn W. de la L.
Published: September 2022

In the first hundred years of the UK railway, the seaside figures as a nerve centre, managing and making visible the period’s complex interplay between health, death, gender and sexuality. The monograph discusses around 130 novels to show how the seaside infiltrates a diverse range of literature, subverting the boundaries between high and low literary culture. The seaside holiday galvanises innovative literary forms, including early 20th century holiday crime and romance fiction, which has its origins in the sensational strategies of mid-19th century authors. Where reading takes place is at least as important as what is read, and case studies on literary Brighton and the Kentish Dickens Country explore the occasionally fraught relationship between seaside towns and the metropolis, as London visitors are represented in – and are the target audience for – literary accounts of the seaside holiday. The act of reading by the sea is itself overdetermined and problematic, a dilemma that is managed in part through the development of text-free literary tourism in the late 19th century. Deploying strategies from literary criticism, histories of reading, libraries and the book, and literary tourism, the monograph recovers ‘seaside reading’ as both a literary sub-genre and a deeply contested mode of engagement.
‘A Fit and Exquisite Setting’
Authors: Oulton Carolyn W. de la L.
Published: September 2022

As the railway network expanded from the mid-nineteenth century, movement between London and the south coast of England created a framework within which new types of fiction could be produced that would reflect the fantasies and concerns of resort visitors. The chapter explores a range of textual encounters with the seaside, from the 19th century sensation novel to the fin de siècle comic travelogue and the self-scrutiny of modernism. Often characterised as a female element, the sea also threatens male characters in a number of ways. The chapter also shows that to read by the seaside at all is an overdetermined act, one that renders the reader highly visible and open to the judgement of curious strangers.
Introduction
Authors: Godwin John
Published: September 2022

Starting with what we know about Juvenal’s life and what he wrote, the Introduction moves on explain the main building blocks of Juvenal’s style in the Satires (irony, parody, allusion, the ‘grand style’), before examining the motivation behind his writing. Help with understanding metre is provided. Finally the transmission of the text is described.
Post-Apartheid Narratives
Authors: Pechey Graham
Published: September 2022

This chapter asks to what extent the “post-apartheid” era can be distinguished from the “postcolonial” and whether the post-apartheid and the postmodern have anything to say to one another. The South African Communist Party proposed that apartheid be read as a variety of “internal colonialism”, but we need to place discourse at the centre of our concern rather than those categories that treat discourse as a mere epiphenomenon of bodiless social contradiction. The chapter also considers the significance of the English language in the discourses of South Africa. Having been seen as an alternative to fighting, writing became after 1961 an accompaniment to fighting. The whole spectacle of parties and armies, of “left” and “right”, was qualified by the arrival on the South African stage of quite new kinds of movement for change. White writing meanwhile was adjusting to the demise of liberalism; Nadine Gordimer and J. M. Coetzee represent two responses to this moment in time.
Post-Apartheid Reason: Critical Theory in South Africa
Authors: Pechey Graham
Published: September 2022

This chapter argues that the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School is peculiarly appropriate as a lens through which to examine South African literature and culture. It seeks to sharpen the theoretical provocation of earlier work on this conjunction in proposing that there is a Frankfurt School “moment” in South African history: the 1970s coming-to-consciousness of “post-apartheid reason” in a new discourse of politics. The sociologist Rick Turner saw the issue of acting politically in South Africa as presupposing a detour through the whole canon of philosophy and social theory, and each time Coetzee writes he takes on the whole Western literary canon. Turner’s theoretical stance can also throw light on the work of Njabulo Ndebele, who proposed an escape from the rival heteronomies of both the state and the liberal establishment by instituting in their place a new literacy – and literature – of the “ordinary”. Finally, it is argued that the Truth and Reconciliation Commission ensured that a space of public reason was kept open in post-apartheid South Africa.
The Story of an African Farm : Colonial History and the Discontinuous Text
Authors: Pechey Graham
Published: September 2022

This chapter is concerned to suggest how Olive Schreiner’s Story of an African Farm might be related to two historical moments: the time of its composition (1876-1883); and the earlier period (1858-1867) to which the action alludes. A collaboration between the new revisionist historiography and the criticism of South African literature is highly desirable, but the criticism (or “theory”) will need to refine its simplistic notions of “literature” as a special mode of “ideological signification” before the two can profitably work together. It is for this reason that it is necessary in the first place to examine the textual and intertextual relations in which this novel produces its meanings: the “history” will then find its own level, without any forcing on the part of the analyst.
The Criticism of Njabulo S. Ndebele
Authors: Pechey Graham
Published: September 2022

Njabulo Simakahle Ndebele is a prophet of the post-apartheid condition, producing a discourse on the oppressed and their future which dispenses with agendas and instead concerns itself with the conditions that make the very framing of agendas possible, conditions that his people have never fully enjoyed on their own ground. In Ndebele’s essays we have a reflex at the level of cultural critique of the strenuous feat of reclamation that was underway in the making of the broad democratic movement at their very time of writing. In propounding this reading, the chapter looks at Ndebele’s most influential essays, including “Turkish Tales and Some Thoughts on South African Fiction”, “The Rediscovery of the Ordinary”, and “Redefining Relevance”. It relates these works to several metropolitan thinkers such as Cornelius Castoriadis, Benedict Anderson, and James Clifford; and discusses the implications of two notable absences: white writers and women. Ndebele is accorded a descriptive term that might seem archaic: wisdom. As a prophet of the post-apartheid condition, Ndebele adopts the paradoxical stance of participatory distance, of internal exile from the tyrannical present as the custodian of all times.
Prevenge
Authors: Graves Andrew
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this book is to examine the marrying together of children, parental anxiety and the role of mother in the twenty-first century genre film. It will also explore the often played out gimmick of pregnancy as ‘body horror’. Prevenge provides an excellent conduit to explore these issues and to make a study of such offerings, the female function in horror cinema and the uneasy social commentaries which ensue. Placing this and other work within a societal and a historical context will provide the backbone of this text. It will explore Prevenge’s inception, narrative development, reception and cult film status, as well investigating the impetus of first time director Lowe, detailing her previous work as writer and performer and her collaborations with other artists such as Ben Wheatley and Steve Oram.
In Byzantium and Beyond
Authors: Lasker Daniel J.
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the Karaite community of Byzantium. A major event in the history of Byzantine Karaism was the fall of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade (1204). Communication with the large and intellectually accomplished Jewish communities in the Latin west was now expedited, and Rabbanite classics made their way to the Karaites of Byzantium. By the end of the thirteenth century, the next prominent Karaite author, Aaron ben Joseph the Physician, was more at home with the Rabbanite sages than he was with the Karaites of the Land of Israel or of early Byzantium. Aaron's works mark a major turning point in Karaite literature. Meanwhile, the most significant Karaite authority of the fourteenth century and defender of Karaite tradition was Aaron ben Elijah of Nicomedia. He is often called the Karaite Maimonides because he wrote three major compositions in areas that mirrored the latter's intellectual accomplishments. The chapter then looks at the Bashyatchi family and the reform of Karaism.
Eastern European Karaites
Authors: Lasker Daniel J.
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on Karaites in eastern Europe. The main Karaite centres in eastern Europe were in the Crimean Peninsula; Poland–Lithuania, mostly in the areas which are now part of the Republic of Lithuania; and Volhynia and Galicia, now part of western Ukraine. Where these Karaites came from and when they arrived is unclear; over the centuries they have circulated quite a number of foundation myths that have no historical basis. The majority of the immigrants seem to have come from areas around Iran and the Golden Horde, a medieval Mongol khanate that stretched over vast areas of central Asia. Karaite migrants arrived from other communities as well, such as Byzantium and Egypt, and the eastern European Karaites were always in contact with other Karaites around the world. The Karaite settlement in the Crimea preceded the ones further north and west, but all the communities had close ties with each other, united by their dedication to Karaite traditions and heritage. The chapter then details how Christian Hebraists discovered Rabbanism and Karaism, before looking at important Karaites such as Simhah Isaac Lutski, Abraham Firkovich, and Seraya Shapshal.
Karaite Law and Religious Practices
Authors: Lasker Daniel J.
Published: September 2022

This chapter addresses the ritual differences between Karaites and Rabbanites, which amount to major incompatibility. Observant Karaites and Rabbanites cannot eat together, cannot pray together, cannot celebrate festivals together, and generally cannot marry each other. These differences are significant in a religion that is committed to the observance of very specific rituals. They were enough for schism, sometimes unbridgeable, between the two groups. The discussion in the chapter revolves around two main categories: ritual law and civil law. The chapter begins by considering the differences between the rabbinic calendar and the Karaite calendar; sabbath laws; Karaite and rabbinic dietary laws; and purity laws. It then looks at rabbinic and Karaite marriage laws.
Principles of Karaism
Authors: Lasker Daniel J.
Published: September 2022

This chapter describes the principles of Karaite Judaism. If one takes Maimonides' thirteen principles as the benchmark of rabbinic Judaism, then Karaites could easily accept twelve and a half, eschewing only the part of the eighth principle that declares that the accepted interpretation of the Torah, that is, the oral Torah, is divine and from Sinai. Otherwise, there is almost no principle propounded by Rabbanite Jews that could not be accepted by Karaites. In like manner, the Karaite principles of faith are not objectionable to Rabbanites. The chapter then looks at the list of principles formulated in the twelfth century by Judah Hadassi, who was the first Karaite to present a series of binding beliefs. Hadassi's enumeration of ten principles had an impact on subsequent Karaite lists of principles, though his list was modified by Elijah Bashyatchi in the fifteenth century. Bashyatchi's principles were adopted by the Karaite educational system as the basis of Karaite Judaism as taught to children. The chapter also considers Israel ben Samuel Hama'aravi's list of six principles, which is exceptional among Karaite presentations of cardinal beliefs.
Introduction
Authors: Newman Ian , O’Shaughnessy David
Published: September 2022

This chapter gives a survey of Macklin's life and career, tracing his trajectory from unknown actor to one of the best-known figures in Georgian theatre. Looking at Macklin's many activities over decades of London life, the chapter argues that considering Macklin’s life as a performance of Enlightenment allows us an unusually appropriate metaphor for considering the many facets to this theatrical practitioner’s career while retaining an appropriate degree of critical scepticism as to the magnitude of his intellectual achievement. The chapter pays attention to Macklin's conflicts with others, his place within the Irish diaspora, and his associational activities. But while previous accounts have focused on Macklin's obdurate cantankerousness, this chapter places emphasis on his sociability and argues that the the Enlightenment is a commitment to enjoyment as much as to improvement. By paying attention to all of Macklin's activities, this chapter—and the volume as a whole—proposes Macklin as an exemplary if unorthodox figure of Enlightenment.
Ethnic Jokes and Polite Language
Authors: Brown Michael
Published: September 2022

This essay examines the British comedies of Charles Macklin to reassess the standard narrative of the solidification of ethnicity as a marker of political identity and which proposes the emergence of Britishness in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. Instead, it reads Macklin’s work running along a trajectory that aligns with changes in the theory of laughter, articulated in the work of Thomas Hobbes, Francis Hutcheson and James Beattie.
Thus, Macklin’s early work deploys comedy to permit the audience to laugh at ethnic others; this changes to a humour that asks the audience to laugh with his characters; before finally asking the audience to laugh at their own ethnic biases and about the problem of blending national communities under a broader British ideology. Informed by both his own Irishness and his Scotophobic antagonisms Macklin ultimately relied on a rhetoric of soft othering that permitted a degree of social tolerance to be enacted on the London stage.
Macklin’s Coffeehouse
Authors: Ellis Markman
Published: September 2022

In 1753, Charles Macklin opened a luxuriously-appointed coffeehouse in the Piazza of Covent Garden in London. Macklin’s Coffeehouse was an innovative commercial enterprise that blended together several different kinds of sociable space, combining a coffeehouse, tavern, ordinary, and subscription room or club. Opened in March 1754, Macklin used the coffee-room in November and December 1754, as the location for twenty-three performances of ‘The British Inquisition’, which combined an oratorical lecture with a debating society. The most notorious innovation of the business was that it was open to women as well as men. Macklin’s enterprise is examined as a form of hybridised ‘polyhedonic sociability’: one that seeks to offer a range of sociable pleasures that are more usually contra-indicated or in tension, primarily marked by differential aspects of politeness, gender, and social space. Initially popular, Macklin’s enterprise was overcome by debt, and he was forced into bankruptcy in January 1755.
Dead White Man
Authors: Kelly Alice M.
Published: September 2022

This introduction explores the studious construction of the ‘Conradian’ author-name and its associations with white male literary genius. Analysing the kinds of bodies, desires, and vocabulary that the Conrad canon has come to represent and reproduce, the introduction presents the accumulation of scholarly elisions that lead to rape scenes being read as consensual (as in Conrad’s Victory) and female characters of colour being named as possessions of white men (such as ‘Kurtz’s African mistress’ in Heart of Darkness). As well as establishing how Conrad’s name, works, and characters have been recirculated and canonised, the introduction puts forward an alternative approach to his writing that decentres questions of authorial intent from the urgent and essential project of decolonising literary scholarship.
Female Homoeroticism and The Rescue ’s ‘Lesbian Context’
Authors: Kelly Alice M.
Published: September 2022

Moving away from Conrad scholarship’s traditional emphasis on the aberrant lesbian body, namely that of Mrs Fyne in Chance, this chapter turns to the queer affects that animate female characters in Conrad’s writing. From the queer shelter, domesticity, and affection of ‘Freya of the Seven Isles’ between the titular white Freya and her mixed-race maid Antonia, to the charged homoerotic tension between Malay Princess Immada and British Aristocrat Edith Travers in The Rescue, the ‘lesbian contexts’ of Conrad’s works reveal the queer dissonances threatening to rupture heteropatriarchal colonial romance plots at every turn. That homoeroticism is so much more readily identified in relationships between men in Conrad’s colonial fiction, such as in ‘The Secret Sharer’, is a symptom of the wider academic objectification of female characters (especially female characters of colour) that persistently fails to read non-white non-male bodies as capable of desiring subjecthood.
Frankenstein and Paracelsus
Authors: Suzuki Rieko
Published: September 2022

The two texts dealt with in this chapter offer a compelling example of Mary Shelley’s influence on Browning’s textual practice. If one considers Browning’s own inscription in the poem, of Paracelsus’s will to serve mankind and his lack of Love (which becomes apparent when encountering a Shelleyan figure who embodies Love), its closeness to Frankenstein becomes immediately apparent. There are other similarities to note: the structure of the two plots—the protagonists’ respective success followed by their downfall and finally their realization as to the cause of their failure—is almost identical. The manner in which ‘Prometheanism’ (a notion that is clearly manifest in Frankenstein) is at once condemned and—in a qualified manner—endorsed in Paracelsus draws attention to the possible influence of Frankenstein for its subtle and nuanced treatment of the subject-matter.
A ‘nightmare to the mind and a laceration to the soul’
Authors: Scheopner Erin Kate
Published: September 2022

Chapter 3 examines the period of 1920–21 with a focus on the Government of Ireland Act. This act represented a continuation of past home rule proposals but with some attempt to deal with the Ulster question through the establishment of two home rule parliaments. Press and parliamentary debate on this act occurred alongside the violence of the Irish War of Independence and the retaliatory responses from the Crown forces. Within this atmosphere, critical press coverage of the British presence in Ireland and its effectiveness developed as the pragmatic and pro-government press supported the proposed act, with the pragmatic press supporting it because there was no alternative, while the other press lines coalesced in their various lines of disapproval. In this coverage, we see individual leaders targeted for their role in resolving the Irish question, including Prime Minister Lloyd George.
Shaping the City to Come
Authors: Lewittes Deborah
Published: September 2022

This study reassesses modern architecture and town planning in mid-twentieth-century England, highlighting ideas and debates that were in circulation as modernist ideals gradually took root. The book reveals an architectural culture that was serious, active, and visionary, with impact that extended into the postwar years. Through close studies of specific works and writings, the author acknowledges the importance of the international context of modern architecture as it intersected with the variety of narratives that defined English modernism, such as national identity, the New Empiricism, and the picturesque, taking into account the large community of émigré architects who settled in England with the approach of World War II, as well as a more general dissemination of international style forms and theories from continental Europe. The book places familiar figures such as Berthold Lubetkin and Ernö Goldfinger as well as projects such as Tecton’s Penguin Pool and the Festival of Britain’s “Live Architecture” exhibition in new light, presenting a rich picture of the modern architectural climate in England. The study draws attention to the debates, proposals, and processes that fed into the development of modernist, urban-minded, and forward-looking architectural ideals.
Chapter Four
Authors: Lewittes Deborah
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the “Live Architecture” Exhibition, also known as the Lansbury Estate, of the 1951 Festival of Britain. Envisioned as part of a utopian scheme for the postwar reconstruction of London, the exhibition was an ongoing, collaborative project to rebuild an area of East London that had been razed during World War II. The chapter will reconceive the project in urban terms, questioning its previous interpretations and offering a new context for its significance that sees it as hopeful and idealistic. By the fifties, the modernist architecture culture that had been slow to settle in England was now firmly rooted, and “Live Architecture” offers a chance to fully evaluate international style modernism and town planning in the English context. The chapter will address the important urbanist Jaqueline Tyrwhitt’s work on the project, its connection to the CIAM 8 Congress and its publication The Heart of the City: Towards the Humanisation of Urban Life, and Sigfried Gideon’s conception of a New Monumentality for postwar architectural thinking.
Introduction
Authors: Polizzi Goffredo
Published: September 2022

The general introduction connects the centuries long debate on the “southern question” to the changes induced in italian society and culture by the phenomenon of migration to Italy. It poses the central research questions which inform the cultural and textual analysis of the later chapters. It also delimits and discusses the corpus of contemporary literary and visual works which engage with the representation of the italian south as a border-space and describes briefly the content of the book's chapters.
Transnational Theories of the South
Authors: Polizzi Goffredo
Published: September 2022

The first chapter introduces some of the major theoretical attempts at elaborating a critical and not merely geographical notion of the South in general and of Southern Italy in particular. It thus first engages with the category of “the south” in decolonial theory and in contemporary political sociology. The ways in which these fields theorize southerness encompasses class, gender, race and sexuality, thus establishing links with intersectional theory. The chapter then moves on to discuss the particular genealogy of similar conceptual frameworks in the Italian context taking into consideration intersectional scholarship produced in and on the Italian context, and the elaboration of critical notions of southerness arising specifically from the history and culture of Southern Italy. Thus, in its conclusion, the chapter also ponders on the affordances of a regional focus for Transnational studies.
Transnational Histories of the Italian South: Emigration, Colonialism and Migration to Italy
Authors: Polizzi Goffredo
Published: September 2022

In order, precisely to explore the affordances of the regional focus for Transnational studies the second chapter focuses on the histories of mobility that have, or have had, Southern Italy as one of their central nodes. It thus discusses different approaches in the newest works on the contemporary history of the South (1865-2020), and zeros in on contemporary scholarship on its transnational aspects: Emigration, Colonialism, Contemporary Migration to Italy. It discusses this production paying particular attention to the ways in which race, gender and sexuality, as interrelated phenomena, have been accounted for. By so doing, the chapter also provides essential information for contextualizing the literary and visual analysis in the following chapters.
Introduction to Part III
Authors: Polizzi Goffredo
Published: September 2022

Introduction to part III, dedicated to the representation in Contemporary cinema of the Italian South as a border-space, starts by addressing and briefly describing the history of the representation of the mezzogiorno in Italian cinema. It moves on to engage with contemporary scholarly work which has theorized in various ways the formal and thematic aspects of the contemporary cinematic italian production which, since the early nineties, has addressed the changes induced in italian society by migration to Italy. It thus provides the necessary context for the analysis of films in the later chapters and illustrates the rationale for the methodological choices of interpretation.
Mapping a New Landscape for the French Restaurant in London Post-Second World War to the Millennium
Authors: Kelly Debra
Published: September 2022

This chapter maps the new landscape of the French Restaurant in London from post-Second World War austerity to ‘Swinging’ London, from the arrival of ‘nouvelle cuisine’ to the new food trends of millennial London as the French restaurant in London evolves into the London French restaurant. It is divided into three sections: ‘Post-War Austerity to “Swinging” London: the French Restaurant in 1950s and 1960s London’; ‘Not-So-New and New Cuisine: the French Restaurant in 1970s and 1980s London’; ‘New Food Trends in London: the French Restaurant in 1990s London’. In London’s increasingly diverse food culture, French restaurants continued to hold a significant place. There were a number of developments, notably restaurants opened by people considered ‘food-loving amateurs’, not classically French-trained, or indeed French, but who admired the French food they enjoyed in France. The taste for French bourgeois cookery survived the disappearance from British food culture and writing, brought about by the austerity of the war. The chapter charts the role of prominent restaurateurs of the period, from the Roux Brothers to Terence Conran and includes a number of interviews with restaurateurs with lived experience of a range of French restaurants in London in the second half of the 20th century.
The Night of the World: A Girl with German Idealism
Authors: Kazemi Farshid
Published: September 2022

This chapter provides a reading of the film through the central figures of German Idealism, namely Hegel and Schelling. Through It demonstrates that Hegel’s metaphor for the ‘night of the world’ is drawn from the early optical media of magic lantern projections called phantasmagoria, which was a precursor to the cinema and to horror or vampire cinema. Through Hegel’s theory of love, it theorizes the way the romantic subject of love appears in the film. Besides Hegel, it considers the logic of love in the film through Žižek and Lacan’s formulations on love, and Badiou’s concept of love as an event that destabilizes ordinary reality. Finally, the book comes full circle and establishes a link between German idealism, psychoanalysis, and vampire cinema. In this way, the book circles back to the beginning by establishing A Girl’s relation to the spectral vampire in Nosferatu and by linking German Idealism (Schelling, Hegel) and its use of the metaphor of phantasmagoria, to the phantasmagoric origins of vampire cinema and to the inextricable link between the occult sciences, film technology, and the cinematic vampire.
Introduction
Authors: Lindop Samantha
Published: September 2022

The Stepford Wives is much more than a fictional text. It is an important socio-cultural document, marking a particular point in the history of feminist politics in the US. It is lexicon: the phrase Stepford wife has sustained cultural currency as a signifier for a particular kind of one-dimensional, privileged woman. It is prophetic, foretelling of what has been described as a backlash against feminism, and the more recent development of real-world sex robots. It is relational, existing in conjunction with historical and future imaginings about artificial women more broadly. This introductory section sets the context for the book. It details what the book will do and offers a brief synopsis of Forbes’ film to set the scene.
The Stepford Wives in Hollywood
Authors: Lindop Samantha
Published: September 2022

This chapter shifts focus to the making of The Stepford Wives. It begins by establishing the climate and practices of the US film industry in the 1970s more broadly before examining the specific production and behind the scenes conflicts that took place with The Stepford Wives. Indeed, though the film had all the right ingredients for success, critical responses were mixed, and box office success was limited. Part of this has to do with the pace and length of the film. Other factors include the internal tensions on set, particularly regarding casting choices and the screenplay, which was originally authored by William Goldman, but changed considerably by Forbes.
Transatlantic Tales
Authors: Leese Peter
Published: September 2022

Compares two acts of life story writing centred on the later 19th and early 20th century, written by an Indian indentured labourer and a little known (at the time) English music hall performer. It highlights the simultaneity and connectedness between these two transatlantic migration journeys, both representing much larger groups: the Indian diaspora and the European diaspora. This chapter also expands on the theme of cultural resources in life-story telling. Rahman Khan’s Autobiography of an Indian Indentured Labourer (2005) describes the author’s journey from northern India to the Dutch colony of Surinam in 1898 and his subsequent life experiences as an indentured labourer. Charles Chaplin’s My Autobiography (1964) presents, supplements and re-works the myth of the self-made immigrant. Chaplin’s film The Immigrant (1917) is also discussed in order to consider how the director subverts the migrant image at a peak moment of transatlantic arrival.
Investigating Cityscapes
Authors: Leese Peter
Published: September 2022

Moves on to the early post-World War Two era to explore filmic representations of two ‘post-colonial’ settlements and to contrast these against Marshall Sahlins’ notion of ‘indigenous modernity’. The necessities of economic recovery and emergent affluence in the West, of low-cost labour in industrial and service industries, and the differential advantage of connecting to metropolitan expansions at this time lead to large-scale population movements by formerly colonised populations. Simultaneously, a new generation of film-makers begin their neo-realist and populist investigations into ‘invisible’ ethnic enclaves. This chapter compares the histories and cultural vocabularies used by two film activists, as they reported back to ‘majority’ populations: Kent Mackenzie in his remarkable film on Native American Los Angeles in Bunker Hill (The Exiles, 1961) and Basil Dearden in his popular feature film on the new African and African-Caribbean London populations in Notting Hill (Sapphire, 1959).
Lived Moments
Authors: Leese Peter
Published: September 2022

Examines notions of witness, testimony, and authenticity in the later 20th and early 21st century through two experimental narrative forms. The continuing expansion of low-cost, long-distance, large-scale migratory movements in the recent phase of globalisation has led to new political tensions and human connections between formerly dispersed peoples. This chapter features ‘guest workers’ and political-economic refugees – both travelling towards northern Europe. Documenting these developments, investigators have raised critical questions on the aesthetic forms used to render migrant subjectivity; on the ethics and archive of migrant representation. These issues are analysed through a comparative study of John Berger and Jean Mohr’s account of migrant labourers in Europe (A Seventh Man, 1975), and Michael Winterbottom’s ‘subjectivist’ fictional film account of two young Pashtun men attempting a hazardous journey via refugee camps from Afghanistan to Britain (In This World, 2002).
When Milton “Comes to Model Heav’n”
Authors: Emerson D. Geoffrey
Published: September 2022

Chapter 6 uses the concept of parallax to argue that Paradise Lost presents multiple perspectives of its own cosmology in order to replicate scientific treatises in poetic form, duplicating the models of astronomy that these treatises present. It demonstrates how the work of early modern astronomers like Galileo, Copernicus, Kepler, and Gilbert shapes Milton’s cosmologic understanding. That understanding leads Milton to attend to models of the solar system in Paradise Lost in ways which provide an expanded perspective of creation in the poem.
Confederates, Boers, or Silesians?
Authors: Knirck Jason
Published: September 2022

Irish nationalists and the British government each sought analogies from world history to contextualize Ireland’s partition. The British alternated between arguing that Ireland contained two nations that could only be brought together under Britain’s aegis and claiming that the United Kingdom was a single nation that Irish nationalists were trying to sunder using the methods of the American Confederacy. Irish nationalists rejected such comparisons and instead sought procedural guidance in some of the Versailles plebiscites, particularly one in Upper Silesia. At the outset of the Irish revolution, references to the international context of partition focused on whether Ireland was a single nation entitled to self-determination. By the time the Boundary Commission actually met, that idealistic rhetoric had faded, replaced by limited invocations of legal precedent regarding the Versailles plebiscites. Studying the partition issue in this context demonstrates the rise and fall of Wilsonianism as well as the Irish transition from heady revolutionary days to the more quotidian aspects of post-revolutionary governance. It also demonstrates the new global frameworks in which the Irish Free State moved, as prior to independence most analogies offered for Ireland were to places within the British Empire, while by the mid-1920s such analogies invoked other European regions.
Sport and the Partition of Ireland
Authors: Moore Cormac
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines how Irish sporting bodies reacted to the creation of the border in Ireland in 1921. The chapter looks at a wide range of sports including soccer, athletics, cycling, the GAA, rugby, bowls, cricket, hockey, boxing, tennis, racing and motor sports. Partition created issues for many sports related to the national political environment. The border forced all sports to look at their internal governance structures. Most Irish governing bodies managed to maintain unity by considerable compromise as issues of political symbolism were tailored to accommodate diverse political and cultural interests. There was a readiness of sports to incorporate inoffensive and neutral flags, anthems and emblems to maintain unity. Great efforts were also made to democratize the internal governance structures of those sports. A common trend for most of the sports that remained united was to share national committee representation amongst provinces on a basis of equality, provincial councils in most cases were afforded large degrees of autonomy to manage their internal affairs, and significant energy was made to accommodate provinces, particularly Ulster, in selections for international contests and in choice of venue for internationals and committee meetings.
Political Propaganda
Authors: Lane Leeann
Published: September 2022

Dorothy Macardle (1889–1958) is best known for writing the first full-scale account of the Irish revolutionary period from an anti-Treaty viewpoint, The Irish Republic (1937). She was a key Sinn Féin and, after 1926, Fianna Fáil, propagandist centrally immersed in the changing discourse and debate as to what constituted an authentic republican nation and how it could and should be achieved. This chapter examines Macardle’s fervent opposition to partition through an examination of her journalism and her perspective in The Irish Republic on the growing threat of a border in the period after 1916. The latter work emphasizes her belief that the treaty delegates were manipulated by the perfidious Lloyd George and were remiss in not ‘telephoning to Dublin’ before acceptance of the articles of agreement. Macardle’s clear objective was not to write a balanced history of the period. She was a politician and propagandist before she was a historian. Her intention was to validate a specific political stance during the revolutionary period, with particular reference to partition, the Treaty split and Civil War.
Multispacecraft Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations of the 2020 November 29 Coronal Mass Ejection and Associated Shock: From Solar Source to Heliospheric Impacts
Authors: Chen Chong , Liu Ying D. , Zhu Bei
Published: September 2022

We investigate the source eruption, propagation and expansion characteristics, and heliospheric impacts of the 2020 November 29 coronal mass ejection (CME) and associated shock, using remote sensing and in situ observations from multiple spacecraft. A potential-field source-surface model is employed to examine the coronal magnetic fields surrounding the source region. The CME and associated shock are tracked from the early stage to the outer corona using extreme ultraviolet and white light observations. Forward models are applied to determine the structures and kinematics of the CME and the shock near the Sun. The shock shows an ellipsoidal structure, expands in all directions, and encloses the whole Sun as viewed from both SOHO and STEREO A, which results from the large expansion of the CME flux rope and its fast acceleration. The structure and potential impacts of the shock are mainly determined by its radial and lateral expansions. The CME and shock arrive at Parker Solar Probe and STEREO A. Only based on the remote sensing observations, it is difficult to predict whether and when the CME/shock would arrive at the Earth. Combining Wind in situ measurements and Wang–Sheeley–Arge-ENLIL simulation results, we confirm that the far flank of the CME (or the CME leg) arrives at the Earth with no shock signature. These results highlight the importance of multipoint remote sensing and in situ observations for determining the heliospheric impacts of CMEs.
Geographic differentiation in male calling song of Isophya modestior (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae)
Authors: Ivković Slobodan , Chobanov Dragan , Horvat Laslo , Iorgu Ionuț Ștefan , Hochkirch Axel
Published: September 2022

We studied the songs and morphology of the stridulatory file of Isophya modestior across its complete geographic range, in order to test our hypothesis that the male calling song of the species shows strong differentiation between the northern (Pannonian) and southern (Balkan) parts of its distribution range, reflecting its disjunct distribution. Our analyses confirm this hypothesis, separating analyzed specimens of I. modestior into two main groups - one present in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula (representing Isophya modestiorsensu stricto), with the second group occurring in the Pannonian Basin, Dinarides, Slovenia and NE Italy. The most reliable difference between the groups is the duration of the main syllable, the number of stridulatory teeth and number of pulses in the main syllable, where all values are higher in specimens from the Balkan Peninsula. Additional analyses showed that within the second group, there are differences in analyzed characters between specimens from the Pannonian Basin and specimens from the Dinaric area, the latter ones having intermediate song characteristics, closer to the group from the Balkan Peninsula. Our study shows that detailed bioacoustic analyses can help to unravel patterns of intraspecific differentiation and thus provide a useful tool for taxonomic studies.
The efficacy and safety of DW1601 in patients with acute bronchitis: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, phase III clinical trial
Authors: Lee Young Seok , Lim Seong Yong , Min Kyung Hoon , Kim Do Jin , Yoo Kwang Ha , Kim Tae-Bum , Kim Hak-Ryul , Shim Jae Jeong
Published: September 2022

Background/Aims: DW1601, an oral fixed dose combination syrup composed of DW16011 and Pelargonium sidoides, was developed to enhance the symptom relief effect in patients with acute bronchitis. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of DW1601 compared to DW16011 or P. sidoides for treatment of acute bronchitis using a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, multi-centre trial design.Methods: A total of 204 patients with acute bronchitis was randomized 1:1:1 to receive DW1601 (n = 67), DW16011 (n = 70), or P. sidoides (n = 64) for 7 days. The primary outcome was efficacy of DW1601 compared to DW16011 or P. sidoides in reducing the total bronchitis severity score (BSS) at day 4 of treatment. Secondary endpoints were changes in total and symptomspecific BSS, response rate and patient satisfaction rate. Safety analysis was assessed at day 7.Results: At 4 days after medication, decrease of total BSS from baseline was significantly greater in the DW1601 group than in the DW16011 group (–3.51 ± 0.18 vs. –2.65 ± 0.18, p = 0.001) or P. sidoides group (–3.56 ± 0.18 vs. –2.64 ± 0.19, p < 0.001). In addition, the BSS total score at day 7 and the BSS cough and sputum component scores at days 4 and 7 were significantly more improved with DW1601 treatment compared with the DW16011 group or P. sidoides group. Participants treated with DW1601 showed higher rates of response and satisfaction than control groups (response rate, DW1601, 100% vs. DW16011, 85.7% vs. P. sidoides, 85.9%; satisfaction rate, DW1601, 92.6% vs. DW16011, 82.9% vs. P. sidoides, 81.2%). Significant adverse events were not observed in the DW1601 group.Conclusions: DW1601 is superior to DW16011 or P. sidoides in improving symptoms of acute bronchitis.