bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agent-based Simulation of the Maritime Domain
Authors: Vaněk O.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a multi-agent based simulation platform is introduced that focuses on legitimate and illegitimate aspects of maritime traffic, mainly on intercontinental transport through piracy afflicted areas. The extensible architecture presented here comprises several modules controlling the simulation and the life-cycle of the agents, analyzing the simulation output and visualizing the entire simulated domain. The simulation control module is initialized by various configuration scenarios to simulate various real-world situations, such as a pirate ambush, coordinated transit through a transport corridor, or coastal fishing and local traffic. The environmental model provides a rich set of inputs for agents that use the geo-spatial data and the vessel operational characteristics for their reasoning. The agent behavior model based on finite state machines together with planning algorithms allows complex expression of agent behavior, so the resulting simulation output can serve as a substitution for real world data from the maritime domain.
Tilings Generated by Ito-Sadahiro and Balanced (-ß)-numeration Systems
Authors: Ambrož P.
Published: March 2021

Let β > 1 be a cubic Pisot unit. We study forms of Thurston tilings arising from the classical β-numeration system and from the (−β)-numeration system for both the Ito-Sadahiro and balanced definition of the (−β)-transformation.
Two-particle Harmonic Oscillator in a One-dimensional Box
Authors: Amore P. , Fernández F. M.
Published: March 2021

We study a harmonic molecule confined to a one-dimensional box with impenetrable walls. We explicitly consider the symmetry of the problem for the cases of different and equal masses. We propose suitable variational functions and compare the approximate energies given by the variation method and perturbation theory with accurate numerical ones for a wide range of values of the box length. We analyze the limits of small and large box size.
Does a Functional Integral Really Need a Lagrangian?
Authors: Kochan D.
Published: March 2021

Path integral formulation of quantum mechanics (and also other equivalent formulations) depends on a Lagrangian and/or Hamiltonian function that is chosen to describe the underlying classical system. The arbitrariness presented in this choice leads to a phenomenon called Quantization ambiguity. For example both L1 = ˙q2 and L2 = eq˙ are suitable Lagrangians on a classical level (δL1 = δL2), but quantum mechanically they are diverse. This paper presents a simple rearrangement of the path integral to a surface functional integral. It is shown that the surface functional integral formulation gives transition probability amplitude which is free of any Lagrangian/Hamiltonian and requires just the underlying classical equations of motion. A simple example examining the functionality of the proposed method is considered.
Exceptional Points and Dynamical Phase Transitions
Authors: Rotter I.
Published: March 2021

In the framework of non-Hermitian quantum physics, the relation between exceptional points,dynamical phase transitions and the counter intuitive behavior of quantum systems at high level density is considered. The theoretical results obtained for open quantum systems and proven experimentally some years ago on a microwave cavity, may explain environmentally induce deffects (including dynamical phase transitions), which have been observed in various experimental studies. They also agree(qualitatively) with the experimental results reported recently in PT symmetric optical lattices.
A Model of Active Roll Vehicle Suspension
Authors: Čech I.
Published: March 2021

This paper describes active suspension with active roll for four-wheel vehicle (bus) by means of an in-series pump actuator with doubled hydropneumatic springs. It also gives full control law with no sky-craping. Lateral stiffness and solid axle geometry in the mechanical model are not neglected. Responses to lateral input as well as responses to statistical unevennesses show considerable improvement of passengers comfort and safety when cornering.
Practical Results of a Five-level Flying Capacitor Inverter
Authors: Sivkov O.
Published: March 2021

This paper investigates the realization of a five-level Flying Capacitor Inverter. After a brief description of general Power Electronic Converters and an introduction to the advantages of Multilevel Inverters over conventional two-level Inverters the main focus is on the five-level Flying Capacitor Inverter. The Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter (FCMI) is a Multilevel Inverter (MI) where the capacitor voltage can be balanced using only a control strategy for any number of levels. After a general description of five-level FCMI topology, the simulation and experimental results are presented. The capacitor voltage is stabilized here with various output voltage amplitude values. The simulation and experimental results of five-level FCMI show that the voltage is stabilized on capacitors using the control strategy. A single-phase five-level FCMI model is currently being developed and constructed in the laboratory. Some of the experimental results are available.
The Puzzle of V407 Cygni
Authors: Hudec R.
Published: March 2021

We discuss the nature and recent observations (optical and gamma-rays) of symbiotics binary/Mira variable V407 Cygni. In addition we discuss another object of similar category, namely the variable star FY Aql with possible association with an eruptive gamma-ray source.
Cosmology with Gamma-Ray Bursts Using k-correction
Authors: Kovács A. , Bagoly Z. , Balázs L. G. , Horváth I. , Veres P.
Published: March 2021

In the case of Gamma Ray Bursts with measured redshift, we can calculate the k-correction to get the fluence and energy that were actually produced in the comoving system of the GRB. To achieve this we have to use well-fitted parameters of GRB spectrum, available in the GCN database. The output of the calculations is the comoving isotropic energy Eiso, but this is not the endpoint: this data can be useful forestimating the ΩM parameter of the Universe and for making a GRB Hubble diagram usig Amati’s relation.
XMM Observations of Metal Abundances in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Lovisari L. , Schindler S. , Kapferer W.
Published: March 2021

The hot gas that fills the space between galaxies in clusters is rich in metals. Due to their large potential well, galaxy clusters accumulate metals over the whole history of the cluster, and retain important information on cluster formation and evolution.We derive detailed metallicity maps for a sample of 5 clusters, observed with XMM-Newton, to study the distribution of metals in the Intra-Cluster Medium (ICM). We show that even in relaxed clusters the distribution of metals shows many inhomogeneities with several maxima separated by low metallicity regions. We also found a deviation from the expected temperature-metallicity relation.
Searching for Space Debris Elements with the “Pi of the Sky” System
Authors: Sokołowski M. , Należyty M. , Majczyna A. , Wawrzaszek R. , Wajer P.
Published: March 2021

The main purpose of the “Pi of the Sky” system is to investigate short timescale astrophysical phenomena (particularly gamma-ray bursts, optical transients and variable stars). Wide field, short exposures and full automation of the system, together with effective algorithms, give good prospects for effective identification of space debris elements. These objects can be a great danger for current and future space missions, and should be continuously monitored and cataloged. Algorithms for identifying optical transients (OT), designed for the “Pi of the Sky” experiment enable moving objects like planes, satellites and space debris elements to be identified. The algorithm verifies each OT candidate against a database of known satellites and is also able to automatically self-identify moving objects not present in this database. The data collected by the prototype in the Las Campanas Observatory enabled us to obtain a large sample of observations of moving objects. Some of these objects were identified as high-orbit geostationary (GEO) satellites, which shows that it is possible to observe even distant satellites with small aperture photo lenses. The analysis of the sample is still going on. The preliminary results and algorithms for automatic identification of moving objects will be described here.
Improving the Photometry of the Pi of the Sky System
Authors: Żarnecki A. F. , Małek K. , Sokołowski M.
Published: March 2021

The “Pi of the Sky” robotic telescope was designed to monitor a significant fraction of the sky with good time resolution and range. The main goal of the “Pi of the Sky” detector is to look for short timescale optical transients arising from various astrophysical phenomena, mainly for the optical counterparts of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB). The system design, the observation methodology and the algorithms that have been developed make this detector a sophisticated instrument for looking for novae and supernovae stars and for monitoring blasars and AGNs activity. The final detector will consist of two sets of 12 cameras, one camera covering a field of view of 20◦ ×20◦. For data taken with the prototype detector at the Las Campanas Observatory, Chile, photometry uncertainty of 0.018–0.024 magnitudo for stars 7–10m was obtained. With a new calibration algorithm taking into account the spectral type of reference stars, the stability of the photometry algorithm can be significantly improved. Preliminary results from the BGInd variable are presented, showing that uncertainty of the order of 0.013 can be obtained.
Thermal Entanglement and Critical Behavior of Magnetic Properties on a Triangulated Kagomé Lattice
Authors: Ananikian N. , Ananikyan L. , Chakhmakhchyan L. , Kocharian A.
Published: March 2021

The equilibrium magnetic and entanglement properties in a spin-1/2 Ising-Heisenberg model on a triangulated Kagomé lattice are analyzed by means of the effective field for the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. The calculation is reduced to decoupled individual (clusters) trimers due to the separable character of the Ising-type exchange interactions between the Heisenberg trimers. The concurrence in terms of the three qubit isotropic Heisenberg model in the effective Ising field in the absence of a magnetic field is non-zero. The magnetic and entanglement properties exhibit common (plateau, peak) features driven by a magnetic field and (antiferromagnetic) exchange interaction. The (quantum) entangled and non-entangled phases can be exploited as a useful tool for signalling the quantum phase transitions and crossovers at finite temperatures. The critical temperature of order-disorder coincides with the threshold temperature of thermal entanglement.
Determining the Position of Head and Shoulders in Neurological Practice with the use of Cameras
Authors: Kutílek P. , Hozman J.
Published: March 2021

The posture of the head and shoulders can be influenced negatively by many diseases of the nervous system, visual and vestibular systems. We have designed a system and a set of procedures for evaluating the inclination (roll), flexion (pitch) and rotation (yaw) of the head and the inclination (roll) and rotation (yaw) of the shoulders. A new computational algorithm allows non-invasive and non-contact head and shoulder position measurement using two cameras mounted opposite each other, and the displacement of the optical axis of the cameras is also corrected.
Optimization of a Water Window Capillary Discharge Radiation Source
Authors: Stefanovič M. , Vrbová M.
Published: March 2021

Computer modeling of a fast electrical discharge in a nitrogen-filled alumina capillary was performed in order to discover discharge system parameters that lead to high radiation intensity in the so-called water window range of wavelengths (2–4 nm). The modeling was performed by means of the two-dimensional RMHD code Z*. The time and spatial distribution of plasma quantities were used for calculating the ion level populations and for estimating the absorption of the 2.88 nm radiation line in the capillary plasma, using the FLYCHK code. Optimum discharge parameters for the capillary discharge water window source are suggested. The heating of the electrodes and the role of capillary channel shielding were analyzed according to the Z* code.
Rational Approximation to the Solutions of Two-Point Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Amore P. , Fernández F. M.
Published: March 2021

We propose a method for the treatment of two-point boundary value problems given by nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The approach leads to sequences of roots of Hankel determinants that converge rapidly towards the unknown parameter of the problem. We treat several problems of physical interest: the field equation determining the vortex profile in a Ginzburg-Landau effective theory, the fixed-point equation for Wilson’s exact renormalization group, a suitably modified Wegner-Houghton fixed point equation in the local potential approximation, and a Riccati equation. We consider two models where the approach does not apply in order to show the limitations of our Padé-Hankel approach.
Perturbation Theory for PT-Symmetric Sinusoidal Optical Lattices at the Symmetry-Breaking Threshold
Authors: Jones H. F.
Published: March 2021

The PT symmetric potential V0[cos(2πx/a) + iλ sin(2πx/a)] has a completely real spectrum for λ ≤ 1, and begins to develop complex eigenvalues for λ > 1. At the symmetry-breaking threshold λ = 1 some of the eigenvectors become degenerate, giving rise to a Jordan-block structure for each degenerate eigenvector. In general this is expected to give rise to a secular growth in the amplitude of the wave. However, it has been shown in a recent paper by Longhi, by numerical simulation and by the use of perturbation theory, that for an initial wave packet this growth is suppressed, giving instead a constant maximum amplitude. We revisit this problem by developing the perturbation theory further. We verify that the results found by Longhi persist to second order, and with different input wave packets we are able to see the seeds in perturbation theory of the phenomenon of birefringence first discovered by El-Ganainy et al.
Erlangen Programme at Large 3.2 Ladder Operators in Hypercomplex Mechanics
Authors: Kisil V. V.
Published: March 2021

We revise the construction of creation/annihilation operators in quantum mechanics based on the representation theory of the Heisenberg and symplectic groups. Besides the standard harmonic oscillator (the elliptic case) we similarly treat the repulsive oscillator (hyperbolic case) and the free particle (the parabolic case). The respective hypercomplex numbers turn out to be handy on this occasion. This provides a further illustration to the Similarity and Correspondence Principle.
Dynamical Symmetry Breaking in RN Quantum Gravity
Authors: Kotvytskiy A. T. , Kruchkov D. V.
Published: March 2021

We show that in the RN gravitation model, there is no dynamical symmetry breaking effect in the formalism of the Schwinger-Dyson equation (in flat background space-time). A general formula for the second variation of the gravitational action is obtained from the quantum corrections hμν (in arbitrary background metrics).
Path Integrals for (Complex) Classical and Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Rivers R. J.
Published: March 2021

An analysis of classical mechanics in a complex extension of phase space shows that a particle in such a space can behave in a way redolent of quantum mechanics; additional dimensions permit ‘tunnelling’ without recourse to instantons and time/energy uncertainties exist. In practice, ‘classical’ particle trajectories with additional degrees of freedom arise in several different formulations of quantum mechanics. In this talk we compare the extended phase space of the closed time-path formalism with that of complex classical mechanics, to suggest that ℏ has a role in our understanding of the latter. However, differences in the way that trajectories are used make a deeper comparison problematical. We conclude with some thoughts on quantisation as dimensional reduction.
Polynomial Solutions of the Heun Equation
Authors: Shapiro B. , Tater M.
Published: March 2021

We review properties of certain types of polynomial solutions of the Heun equation. Two aspects are particularly concerned, the interlacing property of spectral and Stieltjes polynomials in the case of real roots of these polynomials and asymptotic root distribution when complex roots are present.
Surface Morphology of Porous Cementitious Materials Subjected to Fast Dynamic Fractures
Authors: Ficker T.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a study of the surface height irregularities of cement pastes subjected to fast dynamic fractures. The height irregularities are quantified by the values of the three-dimensional profile parameters. The studied dynamical irregularities show a similar analytical behavior to those obtained by static fractures.
The Influence of Heart and Lung Dynamics on the Impedance Cardiogram — A Simulative Analysis
Authors: Ulbrich M. , Schauermann A. , Leonhardt S.
Published: March 2021

Impedance cardiography (ICG) is a simple and cheap method for acquiring hemodynamic parameters. Unfortunately, not all physiological influences on the ICG signal have yet been identified. In this work, the influence of heart and lung dynamics is analyzed using a simplified model of the human thorax with high temporal resolution. Simulations are conducted using the finite integration technique (FIT) with temporal resolution of 103 Hz. It is shown that changes in heart volume as well as conductivity changes of the lung have a high impact on the ICG signal, if analyzed separately. Considering the sum signal of both physiological sources, it can be shown that they compensate each other and thus do not contribute to the signal. This finding supports Kubicek’s model.
Stellar Object Detection Using the Wavelet Transform
Authors: Anisimova E. , Páta P. , Blažek M.
Published: March 2021

Several algorithms are used nowadays for detecting stellar objects in astronomical images, for example in the DAOPHOTprogram package and in SExtractor (Software for source extraction). Our team has become acquainted with the wavelet transform and its good localization properties. After studying the manual for DAOPHOT and SExtractor, and becoming familiar with the  trous algorithm used for calculating the wavelet transform, we set ourselves the task to implement an algorithm for star detection on the basis of the wavelet transform. We focused on detecting stellar objects in complex fields, such as globular clusters and galaxies. This paper describes a stellar object detection algorithm with the help ofthe wavelet transform, and presents our results.
Monitoring PSR B1509–58 with RXTE: Spectral analysis 1996–2010
Authors: Litzinger E. , Pottschmidt K. , Wilms J. , Suchy S. , Rothschild R. E. , Kreykenbohm I.
Published: March 2021

We present an analysis of the X-ray spectra of the young, Crab-like pulsar PSR B1509–58 (pulse period P ~ 151ms) observed by RXTE over 14 years since the beginning of the mission in 1996. The uniform dataset is especially well suited for studying the stability of the spectral parameters over time as well as for determining pulse phase resolved spectral parameters with high significance. The phase averaged spectra as well as the resolved spectra can be well described by an absorbed power law.
A New Fast Silicon Photomultiplier Photometer
Authors: Meddi F. , Ambrosino F. , Rossi C. , Nesci R. , Sclavi S. , Ruggieri A. , Sestito S. , Bruni I. , Gualandi R.
Published: March 2021

The Crab pulsar is one of the most intensively studied X-ray/optical objects, but up to now only a small number of research groups have based their photometers on SiPM technology. In early February 2011, the Crab pulsar signal was observed with our photometer prototype. With low-cost instrumentation, the results of the analysis are very significant: the processed data acquired on the Crab pulsar gave both a good light curve and a good power spectrum, in comparison with the data analysis results of other more expensive photometer instrumentation.
Influence of the Lossy Compression JPEG2000 standard on the Deformation of PSF
Authors: Páta P.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with the influence of lossy compression algorithms on the deformation of the point spread function (PSF) of imaging systems in astronomy. Lossy compression algorithms reduce irrelevant information in image functions, and their application distorts the image function. Astronomical images have typical specific properties — high grayscale bit depth, size, noise occurrence and special processing algorithms. They belong to the class of scientific images as well as medical or similar. Their processing and compression is quite different from the classical approach of multimedia image processing. The influence of the JPEG2000 coder on the deformation of PSF is presented in this paper.
Multi-functional star tracker — future perspectives
Authors: Roháč J. , Řeřábek M. , Hudec R.
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the idea of a multi-functional wide-field star tracker (WFST) and provides a description of the current state-of-the-art in this field. The idea comes from a proposal handed in to ESA at the beginning of 2011. Star trackers (STs) usually have more than one object-lens with a small Field-of-View. They provide very precise information about the attitude in space according to consecutive evaluation of star positions. Our idea of WFST will combine the functions of several instruments, e.g. ST, a horizon sensor, and an all-sky photometry camera. WFST will use a fish-eye lens. There is no comparable product on the present-day market. Nowadays, spacecraft have to carry several instruments for these applications. This increases the weight of the instrumentation and reduces the weight available for the payload.
On the Relation Between GRB Classes and X-ray Flashes
Authors: Bagoly Z. , Veres P. , Horváth I. , Mészáros A. , Balázs L. G.
Published: March 2021

Gamma-ray bursts are usually classified into either short-duration or long-duration bursts. Going beyond the short-long classification scheme, it has been shown on statistical grounds that a third, intermediate population is needed in this classification scheme. We are looking for physical properties which discriminate the intermediate duration bursts from the other two classes. As the intermediate group is the softest, we argue that we have related them with X-ray flashes among the GRBs. We give a new, probabilistic definition for this class of events.
BOOTES Observation of GRB 080603B
Authors: Jelínek M. , Gorosabel J. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Postigo A. de Ugarte , Guziy S. , Cunniffe R. , Kubánek P. , Prouza M. , Vítek S. , Hudec R. , Reglero V. , Sabau-Graziati L.
Published: March 2021

We report on multicolor photometry of long GRB080603B afterglow from BOOTES-1B and BOOTES-2. The optical afterglow has already been reported to present a break in the optical lightcurve at 0.12 ± 0.2 days after the trigger. We construct the lightcurve and the spectral energy distribution and discuss the nature of the afterglow.
Plasma Flow and Temperature in a Gliding Reactor with Different Electrode Configurations
Authors: Sláma J.
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with the plasma flow shape depending on the electrode form of a gliding discharge plasma-chemical reactor, and with the temperature distribution along the direction of the plasma flow in one specific electrode form. The shape of the electrodes and their mutual position has a significant influence on the design of a gliding discharge reactor and its applications. It is crucial to know the temperature distribution in the reactor’s chamber design and discharge application. Three configurations with model shapes of wire electrodes were therefore tested (low-divergent, circular, high-divergent) and the plasma flow was described. The experiments were performed in air at atmospheric pressure and at room temperature. In order to map the reactive plasma region of the flow we investigated the visible spectral lines that were emitted. The gas temperature was measured using an infrared camera.
Teaching Management at Technical Universities, Business Reality in the Academic Environment
Authors: Baroch V. , Duchoň B. , Faifrová V. , Říha Z.
Published: March 2021

Students of technical universities often do not understand why their studies should include learning management skills (in addition to the study of economics). However, not only the experience of graduates but also the requirements of their future employers show that education in the field of the management should provide training, skills and practical testing. It is only a matter of time before graduates of technical university take up leading positions or become part of a team working on some complicated technical problem. A classical technical education is no longer sufficient and, aboveall, it is employees with knowledge of economics and with managerial skills, specifically soft skills that come to the fore. It is evident from ample experience that people’s individual dispositions play a role in learning soft skills, but many of these skills can also be acquired by progressive training. The question is which form of teaching to choose to enable necessary skills to be learned, without at the same discouraging students by offering them potentially unattractive courses. These are the issues that will be treated in this paper.
An Optimal Procedure for Determining the Height Parameters of Fracture Surfaces
Authors: Ficker T.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an attempt to find an optimal procedure for determining the height parameters of fracture surfaces. This is a useful task that may significantly increase the reliability of topographic analyses of solids. The paper focuses on seeking an optimum number of measuring sites to ensure sufficient reliability of the resulting height parameters determined by the confocal technique. The statistical tests show that the number may be close to 25 measuring sites.
Heat Exchangers for Condensation and Evaporation Applications Operating in a Low Pressure Atmosphere
Authors: Kracík Petr , Pospíšil Jiří , Šnajdárek Ladislav
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a state-of-the-art study of a heat transfer process in liquid spraying heat exchangers placed in a vacuum chamber. The experimental case studied here describes the behavior of a falling film evaporation and condensation mode on horizontal tube bundles. The study aims to obtain the heat transfer coefficient and its correlations by means of a mathematical model.
Plasma Surface Treatment of Powder Materials — Process and Application
Authors: Pavlatová Monika , Horáková Marta , Hladík Jan , Špatenka Petr
Published: March 2021

Polyolefin particles are hydrophobic, and this prevents their use for various applications. Plasma treatment is an environment-friendly polyolefin hydrophilisation method. We developed an industrial-scale plant for plasma treatment of particles as small as micrometers in diameter. Materials such as PE waxes, UHMWPE and powders for rotomolding production were tested to verify their new surface properties. We achieved significantly increased wettability of the particles, so that they are very easily dispersive in water without agglomeration, and their higher surface energy is retained even after sintering in the case of rotomolding powders.
Research and development of CO2 Capture and Storage Technologies in Fossil Fuel Power Plants
Authors: Pilař Lukáš , Hrdlička Jan
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the results of a research project on the suitability of post-combustion CCS technology in the Czech Republic. It describes the ammonia CO2 separation method and its advantages and disadvantages. The paper evaluates its impact on the recent technology of a 250 MWe lignite coal fired power plant. The main result is a decrease in electric efficiency by 11 percentage points, a decrease in net electricity production by 62 MWe, and an increase in the amount of waste water. In addition, more consumables are needed.
Contributions to the Study of Dynamic Absorbers, a Case Study
Authors: Balcau Monica , Plesa Angela , Opruta Dan
Published: March 2021

Dynamic absorbers are used to reduce torsional vibrations. This paper studies the effect of a dynamic absorber attached to a mechanical system formed of three reduced masses which are acted on by one, two or three order x harmonics of a disruptive force.
Design Process of Energy Effective Shredding Machines for Biomass Treatment
Authors: Beniak Juraj , Ondruška Juraj , Čačko Viliam
Published: March 2021

The shredding process has not been sufficiently investigated for the design of better, energy and material saving shredding machines. In connection with present-day concern about the environment, ecology, energy saving, recycling, and finding new sources of energy, we need to look at the design of shredding machinery, the efficiency of the machines that we using, and ways of improving them to save electric energy for their operation. This paper deals with sizing and designing shredding machines from the point of view of energy consumption and optimization for specific types of processed material.
A Comparison of Power Quality Controllers
Authors: Černek Petr , Brejcha Michal , Hájek Jan , Pígl Jan
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on certain types of FACTS (Flexibile AC Transmission System) controllers, which can be used for improving the power quality at the point of connection with the power network. It focuses on types of controllers that are suitable for use in large buildings, rather than in transmission networks. The goal is to compare the features of the controllers in specific tasks, and to clarify which solution is best for a specific purpose. It is in some cases better and cheaper to use a combination of controllers than a single controller. The paper also presents the features of a shunt active harmonic compensator, which is a very modern power quality controller that can be used in many cases, or in combination with other controllers. The comparison was made using a matrix diagram that, resulted from mind mapsand other analysis tools. The paper should help engineers to choose the best solution for improving the power quality in a specific power network at distribution level.
A Task-driven Grammar Refactoring Algorithm
Authors: Halupka Ivan , Kollár Ján , Pietriková Emília
Published: March 2021

This paper presents our proposal and the implementation of an algorithm for automated refactoring of context-free grammars. Rather than operating under some domain-specific task, in our approach refactoring is perfomed on the basis of a refactoring task defined by its user. The algorithm and the corresponding refactoring system are called mARTINICA. mARTINICA is able to refactor grammars of arbitrary size and structural complexity. However, the computation time needed to perform a refactoring task with the desired outcome is highly dependent on the size of the grammar. Until now, we have successfully performed refactoring tasks on small and medium-size grammars of Pascal-like languages and parts of the Algol-60 programming language grammar. This paper also briefly introduces the reader to processes occurring in grammar refactoring, a method for describing desired properties that a refactored grammar should fulfill, and there is a discussion of the overall significance of grammar refactoring.
Flexible Multi-Electrode Array for Medical Applications
Authors: Winkin Nadine , Mokwa Wilfried
Published: March 2021

A flexible multi-electrode array (MEA) with an embedded silicon chip for electrical stimulation of neurons or for recording action potentials has been manufactured and characterized. Possible improvements for medical applications using this novel approach are presented. By connecting and addressing several of these MEAs via a bus system, the number and the density of electrodes can be increased significantly. This is interesting for medical applications such as retinal implants and cochlear implants, and also for deep brain stimulators. Design and fabrication techniques for the multi-electrode array are presented. Finally, first results of mechanical stress tests are shown.
Translation of the ESE statement concerning COVID-19 vaccination sent to all Presidents of the ESE Council of Affiliated Societies
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: March 2021

European Society of Endocrinology regularly receives reports that patients with endocrine disorders like autoimmune ­thyroiditis, have been declined to receive a COVID-19 vaccination. This prompted the community to publish information that vaccination recommendations for patients with compensated endocrine disease should not differ from those for the general population.
Computational model of decreased suppression of mu rhythms in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders during movement observation—preliminary findings
Authors: Zapała Dariusz , Mikołajewski Dariusz
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) represent developmental conditions with deficits in the cognitive, motor, communication and social domains. It is thought that imitative behaviour may be impaired in children with ASD. The Mirror Neural System (MNS) concept plays an important role in theories explaining the link between action perception, imitation and social decision-making in ASD.

Methods

In this study, Emergent 7.0.1 software was used to build a computational model of the phenomenon of MNS influence on motion imitation. Seven point populations of Hodgkin–Huxley artificial neurons were used to create a simplified model.

Results

The model shows pathologically altered processing in the neural network, which may reflect processes observed in ASD due to reduced stimulus attenuation. The model is considered preliminary—further research should test for a minimally significant difference between the states: normal processing and pathological processing.

Conclusions

The study shows that even a simple computational model can provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the phenomena observed in experimental studies, including in children with ASD.
Crystal structure of (R)-6-(benzo[b]thiophen-5-yl)-2-methyl-2,6-dihydrobenzo [5,6] silino[4,3,2-cd]indole, C23H17NSSi
Authors: Kong Yuan-Fang , Mu De-Long
Published: March 2021

C23H17NSSi, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.7862(5) Å, b = 9.0728(6) Å, c = 25.3797(16) Å, V = 1792.9(2) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0301, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0778, T = 100.0 K.
Nanoscale imaging of the functional anatomy of the brain
Authors: Arizono Misa , Bancelin Stéphane , Bethge Philipp , Chéreau Ronan , Idziak Agata , Inavalli V.V.G. Krishna , Pfeiffer Thomas , Tønnesen Jan , Nägerl U. Valentin
Published: March 2021

Progress in microscopy technology has a long history of triggering major advances in neuroscience. Super-resolution microscopy (SRM), famous for shattering the diffraction barrier of light microscopy, is no exception. SRM gives access to anatomical designs and dynamics of nanostructures, which are impossible to resolve using conventional light microscopy, from the elaborate anatomy of neurons and glial cells, to the organelles and molecules inside of them. In this review, we will mainly focus on a particular SRM technique (STED microscopy), and explain a series of technical developments we have made over the years to make it practical and viable in the field of neuroscience. We will also highlight several neurobiological findings on the dynamic structure-function relationship of neurons and glia cells, which illustrate the value of live-cell STED microscopy, especially when combined with other modern approaches to investigate the nanoscale behavior of brain cells.
Wilhelm Diltheys Hermeneutik der Religion
Authors: Plaul Constantin
Published: March 2021

In der Philosophie hat das Interesse an Wilhelm Dilthey in jüngster Zeit wieder merklich zugenommen. Man könnte geradezu von einer kleinen Dilthey-Renaissance sprechen. In der Theologie indes beginnt man sich erst langsam wieder auf sein Werk zu besinnen. Dabei hält es auch für sie wichtige Einsichten bereit. Dilthey ist vor allem deshalb interessant, weil es ihm gelingt, die Religionsthematik konsequent auf dem Boden eines interpretativen Kulturmodells zu entwickeln.
Let Israel’s Pride Fill the Cosmos: A Reformation Correction of Christian Suspicion of Jewish Particularity
Authors: Hopman Nicholas
Published: March 2021

This essay is an attempt to exorcise Christian supersessionism. It argues that finding a positive Christian assessment of Jews has been so difficult that the difficulty indicates a basic flaw in the presuppositions behind recent scholarship. Supersessionism has crept into Pauline scholarship, which claims to have overcome old systematic theological concepts, rather blatantly in the New Perspective on Paul and mildly in even the otherwise excellent work of John Barclay. Recent systematic attempts to evaluate Jewishness positively, while technically not supersessionist, overcome Christian supersessionism at the expense of telling Jews how to be Jews. Furthermore, post-supersessionary systematic theology shares many of supersessionism’s presuppositions, including its suspicion of particularity and ethnicity in favor of universalizing concepts. This essay argues that a return to the much-maligned law-gospel distinction of the Reformation offers a path to celebrating Israel’s ethnicity, particularity, and exclusive election by God. Pauline scholarship and post-supersessionary systematic theology both assume that the Torah alone is exclusively for Jews, while the good news of Jesus is inclusive and universal. In contrast this essay argues that the gospel also belongs particularly to the Jews. Though it also blesses particular gentiles, they will remain eternally blessed foreigners.
On how Chalcedonian Christology can be affirmed without the errors of Eutychianism and Nestorianism: A reply to Joshua Farris
Authors: Ter Ern Loke Andrew
Published: March 2021

In a recent article published in NZSTh, Joshua Farris follows up on the previous discussion between James Arcadi and myself concerning the abstractist/concretist Christological distinction. While affirming the significance of my Divine Preconscious Model (DPM) of the Incarnation, he argues that I either misunderstand the abstractist/concretist distinction or have a novel take on it, and that I seem to confuse the metaphysical abstract/concretist distinction with a semantic distinction. His constructive proposal is that I should take up an abstractist Christology. I respond to his criticisms and show that his proposal fails to note one of the most important contributions of DPM, viz. it demonstrates how Chalcedonian Christology can be affirmed without the error of Eutychianism on the one hand and Nestorianism on the other.
Mobility Limitation in Older Adults Residing in Nursing Homes in Brazil Associated With Advanced Age and Poor Nutritional Status: An Observational Study
Authors: Torres de Araújo José Rodolfo , Macedo Ferreira Lidiane Maria de Brito , Jerez-Roig Javier , Costa de Lima Kenio
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:

Mobility is a basic human need, and its limitation compromises health status, especially in older adults from developing countries and residing in nursing homes. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mobility limitation in older adults residing in nursing homes.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 305 older adults (≥60 years) residing in 10 nursing homes in Northeast Brazil. Mobility limitation was evaluated using the “walking” item of the Barthel index. Sociodemographic/economic data concerning the participants and institutions, as well as conditions that could influence the mobility state of the older adults, were collected. The χ2 test and multiple logistic regression were performed using a significance level of 5%.

Results and Discussion:

The prevalence of mobility limitation was 65.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.6-70.4). Walking dependence was identified in 39.7% of the sample (26.9% wheelchair users and 12.8% bedridden), while 25.9% walked with assistance (16.7% with maximal assistance and 9.2% with minimal assistance). Mobility limitation was significantly associated with malnutrition/risk of malnutrition (1.86, 95% CI, 1.54-2.26, P < .001) and age ≥81 years (1.35, 95% CI, 1.12-1.63, P = .002).

Conclusion:

Mobility limitation has a high prevalence among older adults residing in nursing homes in Brazil, and is associated with advanced age and poor nutritional status. Health professionals should advocate for the maintenance of mobility and adequate nutritional support.
Construct Validity, Test-Retest Reliability, Sensitivity to Change, and Feasibility of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale in Acutely Hospitalized Older Patients With and Without Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Heldmann Patrick , Hummel Saskia , Bauknecht Laura , Bauer Jürgen M. , Werner Christian
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:

The Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) is an individualized patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess the limitations and changes in self-determined functional activities most important to an older patient in the acute care setting. However, its clinimetric properties have not yet been evaluated in these patients. The study aimed to investigate the construct validity, test-retest reliability, sensitivity to change, and feasibility of the PSFS in acutely hospitalized older patients with and without cognitive impairment (CI).

Methods:

The clinimetric properties of the PSFS were investigated by secondary data analysis from a prospective observational cohort study examining physical activity and mobility in acutely hospitalized older patients. In this analysis, 120 older patients—83.0 (6.4) years—with and without CI (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score 18-23, n = 52, and MMSE ≥24, n = 68, respectively) receiving early multidisciplinary geriatric rehabilitation in acute care were included. Construct validity was assessed by Spearman correlations (r
s) with the Activity-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-6), Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International (Short FES-I), EuroQoL-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), de Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI), and Barthel Index (BI); test-retest reliability within 24 hours by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs); sensitivity to change by standardized response means (SRMs) calculated for treatment effects, and feasibility by completion rates/times and floor/ceiling effects.

Results:

The PSFS showed fair to moderate correlations with all construct variables in patients with CI (r
s = 0.31 to 0.53). In patients without CI, correlations were fair for the ABC-6, FES-I, EQ-5D, and BI (r
s = |0.27 to 0.36|), but low for the SPPB and DEMMI (r
s =−0.04 to 0.14). Test-retest reliability (both: ICC = 0.76) and sensitivity to change (CI: SRM = 1.10, non-CI: SRM = 0.89) were excellent in both subgroups. Excellent feasibility was documented by high completion rates (>94%), brief completion times (<8 min), and no floor/ceiling effects in either subgroup.

Conclusions:

The PSFS has adequate clinimetric properties for assessing patient-specific functional limitations and changes in acutely hospitalized older patients with and without CI. It might be an appropriate complement to traditional functional scales to enhance patient-centeredness in clinical geriatric assessment.
Selected Aspects of Life Satisfaction Assessment Among Neurological Nurses
Authors: Swatowska Agata , Fidecki Wiesław , Wysokiński Mariusz
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Satisfaction is a positive feeling, perceived subjectively. Assessment of life satisfaction is undertaken by comparing your own situation with the standards you set, your goals, objectives. Therefore, the measurement of satisfaction is based on individual criteria specific to each person.Aim. The study aims to determine satisfaction with life among nurses working in neurological wards.Material and Methods. The study was conducted in a group of 130 nurses working in neurological wards of hospitals in the Lublin Province. The vast majority of the study group constituted women (93.80%). Most respondents were aged between 36–50 years old (43.08%). The research used a standardized research tool: The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).Results. The examined group of neurological nurses assessed their satisfaction with life at an average level (20.66 ± 5.72 points). After converting points into sten values, the average was 5.56 ± 2.03 sten. Significant statistical differences in the assessment of life satisfaction were found in the material situation. The higher assessment was provided by nurses who were satisfied with their financial situation (21.70 points).Conclusions. The assessment of satisfaction with life among neurological nurses was at an average level. Self-assessment of the financial situation significantly differentiated the assessment of life satisfaction in the group of surveyed nurses. (JNNN 2019;8(4):157–161)
The Occurrence of Pain in the Lumbar Spine in the Professional Group of Nurses
Authors: Szajerska Agnieszka , Grzelak Lech , Szostak Mateusz
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Back pain syndromes affect people inhabiting every latitude of the globe. They are more or less intense diseases of affluence affecting many professional groups, including nurses.Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of selected risk factors on the occurrence of back pain in the lumbar region among nurses from the Specialist City Hospital in Toruń.Material and Methods. The research was carried out at the Specialist City Hospital (SCH) in Toruń after obtaining the consent of the Bioethics Committee and the hospital management. The study included a group of 165 nurses employed in all organizational units of the hospital. The work uses the method of a diagnostic survey, and two research tools — the original survey and the Oswestry questionnaire.Results. Among the analysed demographic factors, only the age and seniority of the respondents predispose to the occurrence of back pain syndrome (p < 0.05). The BMI index also turned out to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The statistical relationship (p > 0.05) was not confirmed among other variables such as: gender, work system, physical load, smoking and past spine injuries.Conclusions. Due to the increase in the average age and seniority among nurses, increasing back pain will become their leading health problems. The broadly understood health education in this professional group should be considered in order to reduce the share of overweight and obesity as factors predisposing to back pain syndrome. (JNNN 2020;9(2):65–70)