bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dialectic on validity: Explanation-focused and the many ways of being human
Authors: ZUMBO Bruno D.
Published: December 2023

In line with the journal volume’s theme, this essay considers lessons from the past and visions for the future of test validity. In the first part of the essay, a description of historical trends in test validity since the early 1900s leads to the natural question of whether the discipline has progressed in its definition and description of test validity. There is no single agreed-upon definition of test validity; however, there is a marked coalescing of explanation-centered views at the meta-level. The second part of the essay focuses on the author's development of an explanation-focused view of validity theory with aligned validation methods. The confluence of ideas that motivated and influenced the development of a coherent view of test validity as the explanation for the test score variation and validation is the process of developing and testing the explanation guided by abductive methods and inference to the best explanation. This description also includes a new re-interpretation of true scores in classical test theory afforded by the author’s measure-theoretic mental test theory development—for a particular test-taker, the variation in observed test-taker scores includes measurement error and variation attributable to the different ecological testing settings, which aligns with the explanation-focused view wherein item and test performance are the object of explanatory analyses. The final main section of the essay describes several methodological innovations in explanation-focused validity that are in response to the tensions and changes in assessment in the last 25 years.
An Al-Farabian Analysis of Social Disorder in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar
Authors: BALKAYA Mehmet Akif
Published: December 2023

Like many political philosophers, Al-Farabi was influenced by Greek philosophy and tried to define the best regime and ruler. However, much has changed in Al-Farabian scholarship since the 1970s, and 80s through deeper analyses of his philosophy, and translations of his works. The early Islamic philosopher Al-Farabi (870-950) played a key role in the revival of Plato and Aristotle’s works within Islamic philosophy, guiding others by studying and providing commentary on these texts. Al-Farabi and his political philosophy deal with the existence of human, ruling, and ruled organs in the body, the city and state which exemplify hierarchy, the features of a ruler, and the differences between excellent and ignorant cities in his on the Perfect State. In this sense, focusing on an Al-Farabian political reading of Julius Caesar, the aim of this study is twofold. Firstly, it examines the abovementioned socio-political issues to present the idea that such political qualities are also represented and questioned in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Secondly, the paper argues that the two works exhibit socio-political similarities inasmuch as Caesar’s portrayal of power relations within the play can be related to Al-Farabian understanding of the society, state, and rulership.
Erzurum ve Erzincan Çevresindeki Urartu Dönemi Kaya Basamaklı Su Tünelleri II
Authors: CEYLAN Nezahat
Published: December 2023

Anadolu tarih boyunca birçok devlete ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bu devletlerden birisi de Doğu Anadolu merkez olmak üzere Kafkasya ve Kuzeybatı İran’ı hâkimiyeti altına alan Urartular olmuştur. Urartular, başta Asur Devleti olmak üzere Kimmerler, İskitler, Mannalar, Medler ve çalışmanın da coğrafi sınırlarında bulunan Diauehi Krallığı ile siyasî ve askerî mücadelelere girmişlerdir. Bu mücadeleler hem ilişkili devletlerin yazılı belgelerinde hem de Urartu yazıtlarında karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Urartu Devleti MÖ 9. yüzyılda siyasi birliğini tamamladıktan sonra taş ve maden işçiliğinde kendini geliştirmiş ve bu doğrultuda birçok arkeolojik eser bırakmışlardır. Bu eserlerden birisi de birçok Urartu kalesinde örneklerine rastladığımız kaya basamaklı su tünelleridir. Bu tünellerin düşmanın kaleyi kuşattığı sırada kalenin başta su olmak üzere temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak ve kale muhasara halindeyken düşmana gözükmeden kaleye giriş çıkışı sağlamak için yapıldığı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmada, Erzurum bölgesinde bulunan Harami Kalesi, Küçük Çağdarış Kalesi, Oltu Kalesi, Pasinler Kalesi, Mahmut Çavuş Kalesi ve Şıpşıp Kalesi; Erzincan bölgesinde ise Çadırkaya/Pekeriç Kalesi, Karakaya Kalesi, Kemah Kalesi, Üçpınar Kalesi, Bakacak Kalesi ve Toybelen Kalesi II incelenmiştir.
Company management decision-making based on the analysis of events after the reporting period
Authors: Aliyeva Mehriban
Published: December 2023

The study aims to discuss the impact of the analysis of events after the reporting date (subsequent events) on management decision-making. In the interval between the end of the reporting period and the publication of the annual financial report, company management may learn about events that either occurred during the reporting period but were previously unknown or occurred when the financial report was already prepared but not approved. The consequences of these events can be so serious that they require adjustments to the financial statements, changes in the company’s strategy and tactics, and radical management transformations. The paper structures such events depending on their impact on business performance and the procedure for reporting and identifies the determinants and mechanisms for their analysis and correct accounting. To assess the complex impact of events after the reporting period on the financial results of a company, an integral indicator is proposed, a set of management measures is defined in accordance with the values of this indicator, and the mechanism for its calculation and use is demonstrated on the example of a hypothetical scenario. The sensitivity analysis of this indicator to fluctuations in the weighting coefficients of its components was performed using the Monte Carlo method. In an environment where transparency, accountability, trust between key stakeholders, adaptability, and proactivity are crucial for effective management, this indicator can be used as an effective metric that is taken into account by auditors, regulators, clients, investors, company management, etc.
Official Opponent's Review of the dissertation by Yuriykov Oleksandr Oleksandrovych, "Criminal Liability for Intentional Damage or Destruction of a Telecommunications Network"
Authors: Borysov Vyacheslav Ivanovych
Published: December 2023

The relevance of the dissertation topic by Yuriykov Oleksandr Oleksandrovych, "Criminal Liability for Intentional Damage or Destruction of a Telecommunications Network" has been considered. The degree of substantiation of scientific provisions, conclusions, and recommendations formulated in the dissertation, as well as their reliability, has been illuminated. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the obtained results in the dissertation have been established.
Prevention of motor vehicle crime: aspects of scientific and applied discourse
Authors: Kalinina Alina Vladyslavivna , Shramko Sabriie Seitzheliivna
Published: December 2023

The article provides an overview of the state of the art in the study of motor vehicle crime as a scientific issue. It is emphasized that such a review should be carried out comprehensively, taking into account the peculiarities of the conceptual apparatus, interdisciplinary nature of cognition, previous developments of scientists, etc. The development of the problem of preventing motor vehicle crime is based on the results of research in various branches of science, for example, the sciences of the criminal law cycle, mechanics, physics, medicine, chemistry, computer science, psychology, pedagogy, etc.
It is noted that foreign authors in their publications on the problems of mortality and injuries as a result of road accidents prefer to highlight the results of empirical research and observations; analyse and compare the results obtained by other researchers; evaluate road safety policy; highlight trends in road traffic crime, forecast changes in the area under consideration, etc. Instead, Ukrainian researchers study to a greater extent the criminological aspects of road traffic crime as a separate social phenomenon, administrative and criminal law issues of road traffic safety, as well as violations of vehicle operation rules. The author emphasises that the outbreak of a full-scale war and the introduction of martial law have increased the urgency of this issue and the need for thorough research for further implementation in practice.
The start of a full-scale war in Ukraine and the introduction of martial law have further sharpened attention to road safety issues and the need for in-depth research to further implement them in practice. In this context, promising areas for further research in the field of road safety in Ukraine are: planning and forecasting the restoration and development of the country's transport infrastructure in the post-war period, prevention of road traffic crime in the specified period, etc.
The «right to hope» of a person sentenced to life imprisonment VS the right to the safety of society and the victim
Authors: Timofeeva Liliia Yuriivna
Published: December 2023

Long terms of imprisonment, including life imprisonment, without a legal procedure for reducing the term of such punishment are not humane and contradict fundamental human rights as understood by the European Court of Human Rights. It was found that the practice of replacing life imprisonment with imprisonment under the amnesty procedure in Ukraine did not correspond to the positions of the European Court of Human Rights, in particular, because there was no clear legal mechanism for reviewing the decision on the imposition of life imprisonment after a certain period of time.
According to the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Regarding the Implementation of Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights» dated October 18, 2022 No. 2689-IX, amendments were made to Article 154 of the Criminal Enforcement Code of Ukraine. Pursuant to these changes, in accordance with Articles 81 and 82 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, conditional early release from serving a sentence, replacement of a sentence of life imprisonment with a sentence of imprisonment for a certain period of time, or replacement of the unserved part of the sentence with a lighter one may be applied. After replacing life imprisonment with term imprisonment, the question of conditional early release from serving the sentence can be raised.
It was established that the two-stage mechanism for revising life imprisonment of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine corresponds to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and constitutional provisions, because it ensures a person’s «right to hope» after a certain period of time.
At the same time, there remains the question of the actual involvement of the victim in this process, the provision of a real opportunity to influence and participate in the process of revising life imprisonment and compensation for damages, as well as ensuring the safety of the society. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the real reintegration of such a person into society.
The proposals should also be accompanied by changes to the Criminal Procedure Code, as well as the Criminal Executive Code of Ukraine.
Performance of three anion-exchange membranes in fluoride ions removal by electrodialysis
Authors: Addar Fatima Zahra , Mohamed Idrisse , Kitanou Sarra , Tahaikt Mustapha , Elmidaoui Azzedine , Taky Mohamed
Published: December 2023

The performance of three anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) in the fluoride ions reduction by electrodialysis (ED) is performed on real and synthetic water. The electric potential method measures the potential difference (PD) between two synthetic anion solutions separated by ACS, AFN and AXE membranes. The selectivity of these three AEMs coupled with the membrane CMX, is a cation-exchange membrane (CEM) towards different ions. The removal rate is influenced by the thickness of the polarization layer (PL) which reduces the material transfer and provides an additional barrier. The greater the thickness δ of the PL, the longer the passage time and consequently the removal rate of anions is small. Using the unstirred layer model, δ for each ion will be determined. According to the potential measurement method, none of the tested AEMs are selective to fluoride ions and the order of selectivity is as follows: AFN> AXE> ACS. Best membrane couple selected for fluoride ion removal is ACS/CMX and ion selectivity follows the order: Cl−> NO−3>F−> HCO−3> SO42−. For ACS membrane, both the demineralization rate (DR) and δ of fluoride ions are influenced by the initial concentration of the co-ion according to the following order: NO−3> Cl−> HCO−3> SO2−4.
Communication Disorders Resulting from School Violence: Challenges in Education for Peace
Authors: Czarnecka Martyna , Żelazkowska Mariola , Toussaint Loren
Published: December 2023

Agresja i przemoc w środowisku szkolnym są uznawane za jeden z najpoważniejszych problemów, z którymi musi mierzyć się szkoła. Stanowią również jeden z największych zagrożeń dla zdrowia psychicznego dzieci i młodzieży, nierzadko bywają przyczyną urazów fizycznych, a w skrajnych przypadkach mogą doprowadzić do śmierci. Przemoc generuje poważne, różnorodne problemy na wielu płaszczyznach życia człowieka. Jedne z tych utrudnień widoczne są na płaszczyźnie komunikacji. Zaburzenia komunikacji są sytuacją, w której pojawia się trudność w porozumiewaniu się z innymi.  Mogą mieć formę agresji werbalnej lub wynikać z braku komunikacji, czyli przyjmowania postawy biernej (łączy się to z niewyrażaniem emocji, tłumieniem ich). Uczniowi, który ma problemy w komunikacji interpersonalnej jest trudno realizować swoje potrzeby emocjonalne, tj. potrzeba bezpieczeństwa, przynależności, szacunku, akceptacji, realistycznego stawiania granic i oczekiwań. W relacjach stosuje nieadaptacyjne strategie porozumiewania się. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie trudności z obszaru zaburzeń w komunikacji interpersonalnej wśród uczniów, które wynikają ze zjawiska przemocy. Autorki publikacji będą chciały również wskazać na wyzwania jakie stoją przed pedagogami w obszarze wychowania do pokoju w zakresie omawianego tematu.
The Dependence of the Child as a Value for Reflection on Peace in Light of the Concept of the Pedagogical Relationship—Inspired by the Thought of Max Van Manen and Lennart Vriens
Authors: Krupska Marta
Published: December 2023

Problematyka podjęta w przedstawionej pracy jest ściśle związana z rozwojem idei relacji pedagogicznej, zajmującej szczególnie ważne miejsce w zainteresowaniach badawczych współczesnych przedstawicieli pedagogiki fenomenologicznej na świecie takich jak  Max van Manen, Tone Saevi czy Carina Henricsson. Przywołani badacze w szczególnie istotny sposób inspirują się tradycją badawczą tzw. Szkoły w Utrechcie oraz koncepcją „phenomenology of practice”, którą rozwinął uczeń Martinusa Langevelda, Max van Manen. Łączy ich wpływ Emmanuela Levinasa, a rozwijana przez nich koncepcja relacji pedagogicznej w centrum swojej etycznej perspektywy stawiają zatem zależność i kruchość dziecka oraz odpowiedzialność dorosłego. Problematyka heteronomii w relacji pedagogicznej odsłania swoje ogromne znaczenie dla rozwijanej w perspektywie fenomenologicznej i egzystencjalnej pedagogicznej problematyki pokoju. Druga część artykułu koncentruje się na kilku inspiracjach płynących z badań Lennarta Vriensa, który prowadził badania nad żywym doświadczeniem dziecka w odniesieniu do wychowania dla pokoju

Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy wyraźnie wskazują na ogromną potrzebę podejmowania dalszej refleksji nad tym czym dla dziecka jest doświadczenie pokoju i jakiej wiedzy etyczno - pedagogicznej naprawdę potrzebujemy, by budować pokój. Każdy z nas indywidualnie jako osoba - i jako wspólnota.
Rozwój pojęcia kształtu ziemi u polskich uczniów w wieku od 10 do 15 lat
Authors: Jelinek Jan Amos
Published: December 2023

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki testu EARTH-2 przeprowadzonego w formie internetowej wśród 890 uczniów w wieku od 10 do 15 lat uczęszczających do klas IV – VIII szkoły podstawowej. Uczniów proszono o wskazanie prawidłowego symbolu graficznego przedstawiającego lokalizację ludzi, drzew i chmur, poruszanie się ludzi i przedmiotów na Ziemi a także zjawisko dnia i nocy w kontekście kształtu Ziemi. Badanie wykazało, że co trzeci badany (38%) niekonsekwentnie wskazuje kulistą Ziemię wyjaśniając lokalizację ludzi, drzew, chmur, sposób poruszania się ludzi i przedmiotów oraz wyjaśnia zjawisko dnia i nocy. Ponadto, co czwarty badany uczeń kończący szkołę podstawową (27%) okazał się mieć trudności w wyjaśnianiu podstawowych pojęć astronomicznych. Badania nie wykazały znaczących różnic w zakresie płci i miejsca zamieszkania.
Strategie radzenia sobie ze stresem osób z niepełnosprawnością wzrokową – struktura i uwarunkowania
Authors: Szabała Beata
Published: December 2023

Celem badań było scharakteryzowanie strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem badanych z niepełnosprawnością wzrokową w kontekście struktury oraz uwarunkowań socjodemograficznych i medycznych. Eksploracją objęto 100 respondentów niewidomych i 100 słabowidzących. Dzięki zastosowaniu Inwentarza Mini-COPE Charlesa S. Carvera ustalono, że badani z niepełnosprawnością wzrokową najbardziej preferują strategie aktywne radzenie sobie i planowanie, a następnie akceptację, poszukiwanie wsparcia emocjonalnego, poszukiwanie wsparcia instrumentalnego, pozytywne przewartościowanie. Wyróżniono trzy wzorce zmagania się z sytuacjami trudnymi przez respondentów niewidomych i słabowidzących. Czynniki socjodemograficzne i medyczne są w różnym zakresie powiązane z ich strategiami radzenia sobie.
Estetyka negatywna u podstaw eko-edukacji (edukacji środowiskowej)
Authors: Leźnicki Marcin
Published: December 2023

W artykule „Estetyka negatywna u podstaw eko-edukacji (edukacji środowiskowej)” przedstawiono kompleksową analizę związków zachodzących między estetyką negatywną a eko-edukacją. W pierwszej części artykułu, zatytułowanej „Estetyka negatywna – powstanie, rozwój, prekursorzy”, dokonano retrospektywnego spojrzenia na genezę estetyki negatywnej, jej ewolucję oraz prekursorów tego nurtu. W części drugiej, zatytułowanej „Estetyka negatywna u podstaw eko-edukacji – nakreślenie problemu” przedstawiono, w jaki sposób estetyka negatywna przenika do obszaru eko-edukacji i jakie ma dla niej znaczenie. W ostatniej części przedstawiono konkretne przykłady, czy obszary, w których estetyka negatywna wpływa na rozwój eko-edukacji. Celem artykułu było wykazanie, w jaki sposób estetyka negatywna może być wykorzystana jako inspirujące narzędzie w procesie uczenia się na temat zmian zachodzących w środowisku naturalnym oraz w jaki sposób może się przyczynić do kształtowania ekologicznej świadomości społeczeństwa.
Praca ludzka jako wartość moralna
Authors: Solak1 Adam
Published: December 2023

Współczesne wzmożone dyskursy naukowe dotyczące pracy ludzkiej nakreślają myślowe i praktyczne horyzonty w jej najważniejszych kwestiach jednostkowych, społecznych i międzynarodowych. To owe dyskursy naukowe, a przynajmniej dają przyczynek do porządkowania szeroko rozumianej struktury pracy ludzkiej i wypełniania ją twórczą treścią. Niniejszy artykuł daje impuls, by na nowo odczytać pracę jako wartość moralną. Wynika to z faktu, że praca jako wartość moralna w dyskursie teoretycznym wydaje się być traktowana jako zaniechana współcześnie kategoria pedagogiczna.
Upbringing according to Values: An Analysis of Grimm’s Tale “Hansel and Gretel” in accordance with the Theories of Max Scheler and Milton Rokeach
Authors: Bogacka Katarzyna
Published: December 2023

The article aims to show how the message of one of the most popular fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm, Hansel and Grethel, can be read from the point of view of upbringing according to values. To this end, the analysis of fairy tales was made based on the phenomenological concept of an unchanging hierarchy of the values of Max Scheler, and on the theory of Milton Rokeach, assuming that the individual value system develops through learning. Apart from Bettelheim’s well-known interpretation, the analysis of the fairy tales revealed an idealistic message: that the experience of anomy, a reverse hierarchy of values and negative values, can be overcame by the effort to find an existing apriori universal system of values. In this context the most important developmental task is the ability to choose proper values.
Effect of Academic-related and Teaching and Learning-Related Stressors on
Eating Habits among Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khanum Kinzaa Batool , Singh Purnima , Nishat Mahveen , Rabia Bibi , Sreejith Anusha
Published: December 2023

Introduction::

Stress occurs when people are faced with challenges and feel overwhelmed. Too much stress can cause negative effects on the body. Medical
students especially feel a lot of stress due to their curriculum, which affects their eating habits and, in turn, their academic performance.

Objective::

This study aimed to assess the effects of academic-related and teaching and learning-related stressors on the pattern of eating habits.

Material and Methodology::

A cross-sectional study was carried out among students of private medical universities in UAE. MBBS and BDS students of and above the age of
eighteen were included. A standardized questionnaire (Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire) was used to collect data. SPSS version 28 was used
to analyze the data.

Results::

We identified two main types of stressors: Academic Related Stressors (ARS) and Teaching and Learning Related Stressors (TLRS), resulting in
high levels of stress causing them to eat more than usual or less than usual. Most students (82.6%) who ate less or much less than usual had
experienced high or severe stress due to academic-related stressors of ‘strenuous task’ (P=0.007). Moreover, 81.5% of students who ate more than
usual had experienced high or severe stress when they were nervous and stressed (P=0.004). When feeling “difficulties pile up” and during times
when students “lacked confidence” due to teaching-related stressors, 71.7% and 66.3% of the participants experienced mild/moderate stress,
respectively and ate less or much less than usual (P<0.05).

Conclusion::

We were able to determine the effect of academic-related stressors (ARS) and teaching and learning-related stressors (TLRS) on eating habits. This
has led us to discover the importance of well-developed and improved intervention programs by universities to reduce stress and promote healthy
eating habits among medical students.
The use of SP/Neurokinin-1 as a Therapeutic Target in Colon and Rectal Cancer
Authors: Martín-García Desirée , Téllez Teresa , Redondo Maximino , García-Aranda Marilina
Published: December 2023

:

Different studies have highlighted the role of Substance P / Neurokinin 1 Receptor
(SP/NK-1R) axis in multiple hallmarks of cancer including cell transformation,
proliferation, and migration as well as angiogenesis and metastasis of a wide range of
solid tumors including colorectal cancer. Until now, the selective high-affinity antagonist
of human SP/NK1-R aprepitant (Emend) has been authorized by the Food and Drug
Administration as a low dosage medication to manage and treat chemotherapy-induced
nausea. However, increasing evidence in recent years support the potential utility of
high doses of aprepitant as an antitumor agent and thus, opening the possibility to the
pharmacological repositioning of SP/NK1-R antagonists as an adjuvant therapy to conventional
cancer treatments. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the
molecular basis of colorectal cancer as well as the pathophysiological importance of
SP/NK1-R and the potential utility of SP/NK-1R axis as a therapeutic target in this malignancy.
Neurosteroids and their Therapeutic Potential: Remembering the
Contribution of Dr. Sabina Luchetti, Netherlands Institute for
Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Authors: di Michele Flavia
Published: December 2023

This article traces the career of Dr. Sabina Luchetti (1969–2021), a noted physician
(medical doctor, specialized in Neurology at Tor Vergata University of Rome, Italy), a dedicated
neuroscientist (Ph.D. in Neuroscience at Tor Vergata University and IRCCS Santa Lucia of
Rome), and a member of a renowned Netherlands group (senior researcher at Professor Swaab
Laboratory of the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands), working in
the field of brain function and diseases. She is particularly involved in the study of natural compounds,
such as neurosteroids and their biosynthetic pathways in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammation-
related disorders, working on post-mortem human brains.

:

This editorial outlines Dr. Luchetti's wide range of interests, discloses her superior fund of knowledge,
and recollects her humanitarian spirit, all of which contribute to creating a great sense of belonging
to any group of researchers whom she worked with. The impact of Dr. Luchetti's work
will continue to be felt for many years.

:

From the bench to the bedside, her work has indirectly contributed to shedding light on the neurosteroids’
potential therapeutic effects, considering that neurosteroids and their analogues (some of
which are over-the-counter) are now used to treat depression, epilepsy, and substance abuse disorders.
Moreover, the potential therapeutic effects of allopregnanolone with respect to its capability
to promote neuroregeneration and neuroprotection are a promising basis for future treatment of
neurodegenerative diseases.
Understanding the Therapeutic Approaches for Neuroprotection
Authors: Payal Nazrana , Sharma Lalit , Sharma Aditi , Hobanii Yahya Hosan , Ahmed Hakami Mashael , Ali Nemat , Rashid Summya , Sachdeva Monika , Gulati Monica , Yadav Shivam , Chigurupati Sridevi , Singh Abhiav , Khan Haroon , Behl Tapan
Published: December 2023

The term “neurodegenerative disorders” refers to a group of illnesses in which deterioration of
nerve structure and function is a prominent feature. Cognitive capacities such as memory and decision-making
deteriorate as a result of neuronal damage. The primary difficulty that remains is safeguarding neurons since
they do not proliferate or regenerate spontaneously and are therefore not substituted by the body after they
have been damaged. Millions of individuals throughout the world suffer from neurodegenerative diseases.
Various pathways lead to neurodegeneration, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium ion overload,
mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptosis. Although different treatments
and therapies are available for neuroprotection after a brain injury or damage, the obstacles are inextricably
connected. Several studies have revealed the pathogenic effects of hypothermia, different breathed gases, stem
cell treatments, mitochondrial transplantation, multi-pharmacological therapy, and other therapies that have improved
neurological recovery and survival outcomes after brain damage. The present review highlights the use
of therapeutic approaches that can be targeted to develop and understand significant therapies for treating neurodegenerative
diseases.
Exploring the Action Mechanism and Validation of the Key Pathways of
Dendrobium officinale Throat-clearing Formula for the Treatment of
Chronic Pharyngitis Based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Fang Xi , Jiang Xiao-Feng , Zhang Yi-Piao , Zhou Cheng-Liang , Dong Ying-Jie , Bo-Li  , Lv Gui-Yuan , Chen Su-Hong
Published: December 2023

Aim:

This study investigated the molecular action mechanism of a compound herb,
also known as the Dendrobium officinale throat-clearing formula (QYF), by using network
pharmacology and animal experimental validation methods to treat chronic pharyngitis (CP).

Methods:

The active ingredients and disease targets of QYF were determined by searching the
Batman-TCM and GeneCards databases. Subsequently, the drug-active ingredient-target and
protein-protein interaction networks were constructed, and the core targets were obtained
through network topology. The Metascape database was screened, and the core targets were enriched
with Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

Results:

In total, 1403 and 241 potential targets for drugs and diseases, respectively, and 81 intersecting
targets were yielded. The core targets included TNF, IL-6, and IL-1β, and the core
pathways included PI3K-Akt. The QYF treatment group exhibited effectively improved general
signs, enhanced anti-inflammatory ability in vitro, reduced serum and tissue expressions of TNF-
α, IL-6, and IL-1β inflammatory factors, and decreased blood LPS levels and Myd88, TLR4,
PI3K, Akt, and NF-κB p65 protein expression in the tissues.

Conclusion:

QYF could inhibit LPS production, which regulated the expression of the
TLR4/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress the expression of the related inflammatory
factors (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), thereby alleviating the CP process.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Imeglimin: A New Ray of Hope for the
Treatment of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Swain Jayshree , Jadhao Pooja , Sravya S. L. , Teli Brij , Lavanya Kasukurti , Singh Jaspreet , Sahoo Abhay , Das Srijit
Published: December 2023

Diabetes is a rapidly growing health challenge and epidemic in many developing countries,
including India. India, being the diabetes capital of the world, has the dubious dual distinction
of being the leading nations for both undernutrition and overnutrition. Diabetes prevalence has increased
in both rural and urban areas, affected the younger population and increased the risk of
complications and economic burden. These alarming statistics ring an alarm bell to achieve glycemic
targets in the affected population in order to decrease diabetes-related morbidity and mortality.
In the recent years, diabetes pathophysiology has been extended from an ominous triad through octet
and dirty dozen etc. There is a new scope to target multiple pathways at the molecular level to
achieve a better glycemic target and further prevent micro- and macrovascular complications. Mitochondrial
dysfunction has a pivotal role in both β-cell failure and insulin resistance. Hence, targeting
this molecular pathway may help with both insulin secretion and peripheral tissue sensitization to
insulin. Imeglimin is the latest addition to our anti-diabetic armamentarium. As imeglimin targets,
this root cause of defective energy metabolism and insulin resistance makes it a new add-on therapy
in different diabetic regimes to achieve the proper glycemic targets. Its good tolerability and efficacy
profiles in recent studies shows a new ray of hope in the journey to curtail diabetes-related morbidity.
HMGB1/RAGE Signaling Regulates Th17/IL-17 and Its Role in Bronchial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation
Authors: Sun Jingyi , Jiang Yan , Li Linqiao , Li Rou , Ling Feixiang , Du Xiaojing , Han Qian , Chu Shuyuan , Liang Yaxi , Mai Lin , Ma Libing
Published: December 2023

Background:

Airway remodeling is one of the reasons for severe steroidresistant
asthma related to HMGB1/RAGE signaling or Th17 immunity

Objective:

Our study aims to investigate the relationship between the HMGB1/RAGE
signaling and the Th17/IL-17 signaling in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT)
of airway remodeling.

Methods:

CD4+ T lymphocytes were collected from C57 mice. CD4+ T cell and Th17
cell ratio was analyzed by flow cytometry. IL-17 level was detected by ELISA. The Ecadherin
and α-SMA were analyzed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The Ecadherin,
α-SMA, and p-Smad3 expression were analyzed by western blot.

Results:

The HMGB1/RAGE signaling promoted the differentiation and maturation of
Th17 cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. The HMGB1/RAGE signaling also
promoted the occurrence of bronchial EMT. The EMT of bronchial epithelial cells was
promoted by Th17/IL-17 and the HMGB1 treatment in a synergic manner. Silencing of
RAGE reduced the signaling transduction of HMGB1 and progression of bronchial
EMT.

Conclusion:

HMGB1/RAGE signaling synergistically enhanced TGF-β1-induced
bronchial EMT by promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells and the secretion of IL-17.
The Safety and Efficacy of Leo Stents with Coiling or Alone for Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Duan Yu , Shen Jun , Qin Xuanfeng , Xu Binbin , Mao Renling , Li Jian , An Qinzhu , Liao Yujun , Zhang Fayong , Chen Gong
Published: December 2023

Introduction:

Treatment of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms is still not well
established. The Leo stent with blood flow direction is a retrievable stent for intracranial aneurysms,
whereas it needs to be studied clearly in patients with ACA aneurysms.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with ACA aneurysms were retrospectively enrolled in three neurosurgical
centers between January 2016 and October 2021. The data on demographics, aneurysm
characteristics, symptom resolution, and postoperative course were collected and analyzed.
The aneurysm occlusion status was appraised by Raymond-Ray Occlusion Class (RROC).

Results:

A total of 57 patients with ACA aneurysms were included in our study. Immediate postprocedural
angiograms showed that 20 aneurysms (35.1%) were in complete occlusion (RROC 1),
26 aneurysms (45.6%) were in near-complete occlusion (RROC 2), 11 aneurysms (19.3%) were in
incomplete occlusion (RROC 3). The angiographic follow-up found that the rate of complete occlusion
increased to 57.9%, and near-completion and incomplete occlusion dropped to 29.8% and
12.3%, respectively. The angiographic result of the last follow-up improved significantly (Z=-
2.805, P=0.005). Univariate analysis indicated that distal location of aneurysms (Z=4.538,
P=0.033) and ruptured aneurysms (χ2=.6120, P=0.032) were potential risk factors for intra-parent
artery narrowing. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis found that A3 aneurysms
(95% CI 1.427~32.744, P=0.016) are the key risk factor for intra-parent artery narrowing.

Conclusions:

The Leo stent is safe and effective for aneurysms located in ACA circulations. The
overall occlusion degree improved during follow-up. A distal, small artery was the risk factor for
intra-parent artery narrowing.
New Neuroimaging Findings in Patients with Molybdenum Cofactor Deficiency
Type A: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Hui , Yu Xiaohe , He Singting , Li Shuquan
Published: December 2023

Introduction::

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD-A) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease that presents with intractable seizures. The diagnosis
poses challenges due to the limited number of cases reported worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful diagnostic tool that can
detect brain injury associated with the disorder. The prognosis of MoCD-A is poor partly because most cases are initially misdiagnosed as HIE
(hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy), emphasizing the need for an early and accurate diagnosis to improve quality of life and provide adequate
genetic counseling to avoid new cases in the future.

Case Report::

This report presents a case of molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A (MoCD-A) caused by MOCS1 gene mutations. A male newborn was
admitted on the 10th day of birth due to uncontrolled seizures and feeding difficulties. Brain MRI showed severe cerebral damage with multiple
foci that did not enhance upon contrast administration. The diagnosis was confirmed by genetic analysis and the patient received rehabilitation. His
parents also received genetic counseling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported MoCD-A case that had enhanced MR imaging with
Gd-DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg). In addition, we reviewed the clinical and neuroimaging features of 25 newborns diagnosed with MoCD-A, as
documented in the existing literature.

Conclusion::

MRI is crucial in the diagnosis of MoCD-A. A correct diagnosis can provide the family with timely genetic counseling to prevent future cases.
Design, In silico Screening, Synthesis, Characterisation and DFT-based Electronic Properties of Dihydropyridine-based Molecule as L-type Calcium Channel Blocker
Authors: Karmakar Sujoy , Basak Hriday Kumar , Paswan Uttam , Saha Soumen , Mandal Samir Kumar , Chatterjee Abhik
Published: December 2023

Background:

People of all nationalities and social classes are now affected by the
growing issue of hypertension. Over time, there has been a consistent rise in the fatality rate. A
range of therapeutic compounds, on the other hand, are often used to handle hypertension

Objective:

The objectives of this study are first to design potential antihypertensive drugs
based on the DHP scaffold, secondly, to analyse drug-likeness properties of the ligands and investigate
their molecular mechanisms of binding to the model protein Cav1.2 and finally to synthesise
the best ligand.

Materials and Methods:

Due to the lack of 3D structures for human Cav1.2, the protein structure
was modelled using a homology modelling approach. A protein-ligand complex's strength and
binding interaction were investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics techniques.
DFT-based electronic properties of the ligand were calculated using the M06-2X/ def2-
TZVP level of theory. The SwissADME website was used to study the ADMET properties.

Results:

In this study, a series of DHP compounds (19 compounds) were properly designed to
act as calcium channel blockers. Among these compounds, compound 16 showed excellent
binding scores (-11.6 kcal/mol). This compound was synthesised with good yield and characterised.
To assess the structural features of the synthesised molecule quantum chemical calculations
were performed.

Conclusion:

Based on molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and drug-likeness
properties of compound 16 can be used as a potential calcium channel blocker.
Therapeutic Potential and Prospects of L-arginine in Various Diseases and
its Clinical Intervention
Authors: Giri Sushil , Varshney Krishna Kumar , Srivastava Rajnish
Published: December 2023

The goal of this review is to explored the therapeutic application of L-Arginine (L-ARG)
against various pathological illnesses, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD),
cardiovascular disorder, mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes
(MELAS), sickle cell anemia, tumour, epilepsy, erectile dysfunction therapy (ED), gestational
hypertension (GH), and menopause issues. L-ARG is an important semi-essential alpha-amino acid
that serves as a natural precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). It is generally synthesized
from proteinogenic amino acid proline through glutamine and glutamate. The degradation of L-ARG
is a complex process due to the expression of multiple enzymes in the form of a substrate. The metabolism
of L-ARG takes place in various multiple pathways, such as nitric oxide synthase, Arginine
glycine amidinotransferase, and Arginine decarboxylase which results in the production of a diverse
range of biochemical compounds, such as nitric oxide, polyamines, proline, glutamate, creanine, agmatine
homoarginine, and urea. NO is a highly diffusible free radicle with a regulatory function in
the heart and acts as an important vasodilator in intact endothelium. NO serves as an important neurotransmitter
in the brain and a mediator of host defense in the immune system. L-ARG is also needed
for ammonia detoxification, which is a very toxic chemical to the central nervous system. This review
article focuses on the relevance of L-ARG in the prevention and treatment of a variety of illnesses.
Pyrazoles as Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Agents: In-vivo and In-silico Studies
Authors: Chahal Geeta , Monga Jyoti , Rani Isha , Saini Shubham , Devgun Manish , Husain Asif , Lal Khokra Sukhbir
Published: December 2023

Background::

Pyrazole is a well-known nucleus in the pharmacy field with a wide range of other activities in addition to anti-inflammatory and analgesic, i.e., anticonvulsant, antiviral, and anticancer activities. There are well-known marketed drugs having pyrazole moi-ety as celecoxib, and lonazolac as COX-II inhibitors.

Aims::

We aim to synthesize better anti-inflammatory than existing ones. Thiophene is also known for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory action. Thus, the fusion of both gives better anti-inflammatory agents. In the present studies, derivatives from two series of pyrazole were prepared by reacting substituted chalcone (3a-3f) derivatives prepared from 2-acetyl thiophene. They substituted aromatic aldehydes with phenyl hydrazine to form (5a-5f) and with 2, 4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine giving compounds (6a-6f) separately.

Methods::

Purified and characterized pyrazoles have been analyzed for in-vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities by using standard methods. Compounds 5e, 5f, and 6d were proved to be potent analgesics and series (5a-5f) was found to have anti-inflammatory action, which was further validated using docking and ADME studies.

Results::

The ADME profile of synthesized compounds was found to be satisfactory.

Conclusion::

The synthesized compounds can serve as lead for further drug designing.
Evaluation of Quercetin's Bioenhancing Effect on Oral Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin in Wistar Rats Using RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Bhimanwar Rachana S. , Kothapalli Lata P. , Khawshi Akshay
Published: December 2023

Background:

The absolute oral bioavailability of rosuvastatin (RST), a secondgeneration
statin, is low i.e. 20% and only 10% is recovered as metabolite N-desmethy l rosuvistatin.
Since it is a hydrophilic statin, RST relies on the organic anion transporting polypeptide-
1B1 (OATP-1B1), as the key mechanism for active transport into hepatocytes. Quercetin
(QUE) being a bio enhancer and inhibitor of OATP1B1 can augment the bioavailability and
pharmacokinetics of RST.

Objective:

The present study includes the development of a simple and validated bioanalytical
Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation
of RST and to study the effect of co-administration of QUE as a bio enhancer on its bioavailability.

Methods:

An analytical column of Kromasil 100, C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), was used for
chromatographic separationand acetonitrile (ACN): acetic acid buffer pH 3.0 adjusted with glacial
acetic acid (55:45 Vol. %) as mobile phase with flow rate 1.0 ml/min monitored at 242 nm.
The ACN: methanol (50:50 Vol. %) was employed as the final solvent for extraction. The developed
method has been successfully applied in a study on the pharmacokinetics of the drug RST
in rats after co-administration of QUE, which was carried out using non-compartmental analysis
in order to estimate the blood concentration of the drug.

Results:

The pharmacokinetics of RST was found to be altered significantly (highest concentration
of RST in the blood (Cmax) = 67.3 ng/ml to 122.2 ng/ml) (p < 0.001), area under curve
(AUC)0-t (p < 0.0001) and AUC0-inf (p =0.0005) when co-administered with QUE at 120 min
(tmax).

Conclusion:

The results are in accordance with the fact that QUE increases plasma levels in rats
through herb-drug interactions.
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Affects Undifferentiated and Differentiated
Neuroblastoma Cells Differently through Mechanisms that Impact on Cell
Viability
Authors: Ferrera Patricia , De la Fuente-Muñoz César Espino , Arias Clorinda
Published: December 2023

Aim:

We aimed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the neurotoxic effects of
NDGA on differentiated and undifferentiated human neuroblastoma cells (MSN), assessing cell viability,
changes in the actin cytoskeleton, cell migration and the expression of the 5-LOX enzyme
and the inhibitor of cell cycle progression p21WAF1/CIP1.

Background:

High expression and activity of the lipoxygenase enzyme (LOX) have been detected
in several tumors, including neuroblastoma samples, suggesting the use of LOX inhibitors as potential
therapy molecules. Among these, the natural compound nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) has
been extensively tested as an antiproliferative drug against diverse types of cancer cells.

Objective:

In this study, we analyzed the toxic effect of NDGA on neuroblastoma cells at a dose that
did not affect cell survival when they differentiated to a neuron-like phenotype and the potential
mechanisms involved in the anticancer properties.

Methods:

We exposed human neuroblastoma cells (MSN) to different concentrations of NDGA before
and after a differentiation protocol with retinoic acid and nerve growth factor and analyzed cell
viability, cell migration, actin cytoskeleton morphology and the levels of the cell cycle inhibitor
p21WAF1/CIP1 and 5-LOX.

Result:

We found that differentiated human neuroblastoma cells are more resistant to NDGA than
undifferentiated cells. The toxic effects of NDGA were accompanied by reduced cell migration,
changes in actin cytoskeleton morphology, induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 and decreased levels of the
5-LOX enzyme.

Conclusion:

Conclusion: This study provides new evidence regarding the potential use of NDGA to induce cell
death in human neuroblastoma.
Evaluating the Balancing Ability of Older Adults with Diabetes Mellitus
Using the Multi-directional Reach Test
Authors: Amput Patchareeya , Wongphon Sirima , Phrompao Patcharin
Published: December 2023

Background:

The incidence of elderly people experiencing falls is currently increasing,
which results in serious medical issues, such as fear of falling, limited physical activity, disability,
and bone fractures, especially hip fractures. This study aimed to investigate balancing
ability using a multi-directional reach test (MDRT) in older adults with and without diabetes
mellitus.

Methods:

72 older adults with and without diabetes mellitus were recruited, and divided into two
groups, including older adults without diabetes mellitus (n= 36) and older adults with diabetes
mellitus (n= 36). All subjects completed all directions of the MDRT.

Results:

There were no significant differences in MDRT scores in all directions between the two
groups (p>0.05). Both groups achieved the highest MDRT scores in the forward direction. In
contrast, the two groups had the lowest scores of MDRT in a backward direction. Furthermore,
older adults with diabetes mellitus had lower MDRT scores in all directions than older adults
without diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion:

The current study indicated that MDRT could be used to investigate the ability of
balance in individuals with diabetes mellitus.
Autophagy Behavior in Endothelial Cell Regeneration
Authors: Marzoog Basheer Abdullah
Published: December 2023

Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining endothelial cell homeostasis through the
turnover of intracellular components during stress conditions in a lysosomal-dependent manner.
The regeneration strategy involves several aspects, including autophagy. Autophagy is a catabolic
degenerative lysosomal-dependent degradation of intracellular components. Autophagy modifies
cellular and subcellular endothelial cell functions, including mitochondria stress, lysosomal
stress, and endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Activation of common signaling
pathways of autophagy and regeneration and enhancement of intracellular endothelial cell metabolism
serve as the bases for the induction of endothelial regeneration. Endothelial progenitor
cells include induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), embryonic stem cells, and somatic cells, such
as fibroblasts. Future strategies of endothelial cell regeneration involve the induction of autophagy
to minimize the metabolic degeneration of the endothelial cells and optimize the regeneration
outcomes.