bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Meat for Cognitive Development
Authors: Balehegn Mulubrhan , Andrade Laborde Juan E. , McKune Sarah Lindley , Adesogan Adegbola T.
Published: March 2022

Over 200 million children worldwide suffer from malnutrition and, as a result, are underdeveloped both physically and mentally. Meat has more bioavailable essential micronutrients than plants and is the best source of nutrient-rich foods for children aged 6 to 23 mo, according to the World Health Organization. By consuming meat, which contributes essential bioavailable micronutrients to diets, children in particular can reduce undernutrition and the associated growth and cognitiveimpairment. This review aims to elucidate the effect of meat consumption on cognitive development by systematically reviewing and synthesizing results from available studies. Of 241 pertinent studies initially retrieved from the literature, only 9 met the inclusion criteria, and these included 28 cognition variables covering data from 10,617 children aged 3 mo to 17 y. Twelve(42.8%) of the variables showed improvements in cognition with increased meat consumption, 6 (21.4%) showed no effect,and 10 (35.7%; including 8 from HIV-positive children) showed a decrease in cognition with increased meat consumption.Across all variables, the study reveals some evidence of an association between meat consumption and improved cognition,which becomes more compelling when data from the HIV-positive children are excluded. More research on the effect of meat consumption on cognitive development from randomized controlled studies is needed.
Comparison Between Multi Epipolar Geometry and Conformal 2d Transformation-Based Filters for Optical Robot Navigation
Authors: Amami Mustafa M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract: This research paper comes in a series of comparisons between the Multi Epipolar Geometry-based Filter (M-EGF) and the common filters that are extensively used in Optical Robot Navigation (ORN) for filtering the results of Automatic Image Matching (AIM). The accuracy of ORN depends mainly on the quality of the AIM results. Conformal 2D transformation-based Filter (C-2DF) is a common filter used in ORN applications. However, C-2DF is limited in terms of: time processing, disability to deal AIM data with significant number of outliers, dealing with images taking from different Depths Of Fields (DOF) and difficult view angles. M-EGF has been introduced recently by the author and compared with Single Epipolar Geometry based Filter (S-EGF), showing high ability to provide ORN with precise, trusted, outlier-free, and real time observations. In this paper, M-EGF has been compared with C-2DF using images captured by optical navigation system simulating ORN, which includes 3 cameras synchronized using GPS time. The performance of the two filters has been evaluated in different AIM environments and the automatically filtered results have been compared to precisely manually reviewed matched points using Matlap. Tests show that C-2DF has failed to deal with the AIM results in areas with open, narrow, and confused DOF. Also, they have failed to find out the right mathematical model in data with high rate of mismatched points and images with difficult view angles. C-2DF is also limited in its capability to deal with figures including different scales. With limited DOF and limited rate of errors, C-2DF has provided relatively sufficient results, which can be suitable for ORN in terms of quality and processing time. C-2DF overcomes S-EGF and M-EGF in terms of being not affected by errors in the Exterior Orientation Parameters (EOP) and Interior Orientation Elements (IOE) of cameras, as C-2DF depends on estimating the mathematical model parameters using only image points.
IMPROVING CASH AVAILABILITY OF ATM USING LEAN REPLENISHMENT PULL FOR SHARIA BANK IN INDONESIA
Authors: Herdi Tazkiyah , Dores Ardiansyah
Published: March 2022

To maintain the company's sustainability of quality and the increasingly rapid competition between banking institutions, a bank must continue to protect its customers from the ease and availability of services when needed anytime and anywhere. Automated Teller Machines (ATM) are the most common banking products and services used by the public. Previously, Activities carried out by the teller can already be done through an ATM. Availability of the ATM has been a special attention among the banking industry and CIT (Cash in transit) company. Factors that cause ATM unavailable are: hardware, receipt, network, and cash, one of the most critical factors is cash availability. Previous study shows some concern of cost and risk of inventory cash on ATM, that leads to study of cash prediction method to replenishment cash of the ATM. Current conditions, Bank ATMs have an average percentage of cash availability in the last 6 months of 92.86%, which means there is 7.1% of cash not available. The aim of this study is to adapt the lean replenishment pull system to manage cash replenishment of the bank ATMs and to achieve level 4 of sigma (99.38%) on ATM cash availability. By collecting, measuring and analyzing availability data and transactions data on both on-site and off-site ATMs samples for the certain period. The proposed model is to determine warning to do the cash replenishment and the Kmin of cash status. Thus, the cash supply at the ATM machine is sufficient, and no idle money occurs.
THE EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND TALENT MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE WITH ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE
Authors: Setyawan Agustinus
Published: March 2022

This study aims to investigate the influence of knowledge management and talent management on organization performance and organizational culture as a mediating factor. This research uses methodology with an explanatory study by testing five hypotheses. A hundred twenty-seven managers from several coal companies in East Kalimantan Province are collected as a sample in this research. The researcher used the Smart PLS programs to examine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the mediating variable. The result of this study found that: (1) Knowledge management doesn’t affect organization culture; (2) Talent management practices affect organizational culture positively and significantly; (3) Knowledge management doesn’t affect organization performance; (4) Talent management affect organization performance positively and significantly; (5) Organization culture doesn’t affect organization performance; (5a) The mediation function of organizational culture is not significant between knowledge management and organizational performance, and (5b) The mediation function of organizational culture is not significant between talent management and organizational performance. This research has a managerial implication to guide the decision-maker in the company or manager in the human resource management to implement knowledge management, talent management, and organizational culture to improve organization performance.
The Landscape of Social Innovation in Canadian Universities: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Milley Peter , Szijarto Barbara , Bennett Kristen
Published: March 2022

There has been global growth in the number of social innovation initiatives launched in the university sector over the last decade. These initiatives aim to address complex social problems and to promote institutional change. This surge is occurring without a well-developed empirical knowledge base. This article provides a comprehensive description and analysis of the landscape of social innovation initiatives in the Canadian university sector. Findings show that nearly half of Canada’s 96 universities are associated with at least one initiative; many are interdisciplinary and emphasize collaborative problem-solving with sectors outside the university; and government agencies and charitable foundations are the most common funding sources. Findings suggest there is room for growth and for linking and clustering initiatives. The article concludes with directions for future research.

RÉSUMÉLa dernière décennie a été marquée par une croissance mondiale du nombre d’initiatives d’innovation sociale lancées dans le secteur universitaire. Ces initiatives visent à résoudre des problèmes sociaux complexes et à induire des changements institutionnels et systémiques. Cette poussée de l’activité d’innovation sociale se produit sans une base de connaissances empiriques bien développée. Nous y contribuons en fournissant une description et une analyse complètes de toutes les initiatives d’innovation sociale auxquelles participe le secteur universitaire canadien, de leurs caractéristiques et du paysage qu’elles constituent. Résultats notables: près de la moitié des 96 universités canadiennes sont associées à au moins une initiative; de nombreuses initiatives sont interdisciplinaires et mettent l’accent sur la résolution de problèmes en collaboration avec des secteurs extérieurs à l’université; Les agences gouvernementales et les fondations caritatives sont les sources de financement les plus courantes. Les résultats suggèrent: il existe un potentiel de croissance de l’innovation sociale dans le secteur; il y a moins de liens internes et de regroupement d’initiatives que ne le recommande la théorie de l’innovation; l’accent mis sur la collaboration extérieure rejoint la «troisième mission» des universités, qui existe depuis longtemps, mais les innovateurs sociaux ont des objectifs, des méthodes et des processus distincts pour mener à bien cette mission. Nous concluons avec les orientations pour les recherches futures.

Keywords / Mots clés: Universities; Higher education; Social innovation; Community engagement; Service mission; Social change; Canada / Universités; Établissements d’enseignement supérieur; Innovation sociale; Engagement communautaire; Mission de service; Changement social; Canada
The Hybridization of Credit Co-Operatives in the Tradition of F.W. Raiffeisen: The Austrian Example
Authors: Rabong Gregor , Roessl Dietmar
Published: March 2022

The legal purpose of credit co-operatives in Germany and Austria is to promote their members economically. However,legal restrictions prevent them from discriminating between members and non-members. Thus, they have difficulty generating economic benefits for their members. There are signs that they are gradually developing from being purely member-focused to somewhat third party-focused co-operatives striving for the common good. The question arises whetherthis hybridization is in the interest of their members. This article examines this question using quantitative data. Theresults indicate that members perceive activities geared toward the common good as enhancing their membership valueand are applicable to credit co-operatives and credit unions that have difficulties providing economic benefits to theirmembers, as is the case for Raiffeisen credit co-operatives in Europe.Le but légal des coopératives de crédit en Allemagne et en Autriche est d’aider leurs membres d’un point de vueéconomique. Cependant, certaines contraintes légales empêchent celles-ci de faire la distinction entre membres et nonmembres. En conséquence, elles peuvent avoir de la difficulté à réaliser des bénéfices économiques pour leurs membres.mIl y a toutefois des signes que, d’organismes purement focalisés sur leurs membres, elles sont en train de devenir desmorganismes focalisés sur des tiers et servant le bien commun. On peut se demander si une telle hybridation est dans l’intérêt des membres. Cet article examine la question en recourant à des données quantitatives. Les résultats indiquent que les membres perçoivent les activités visant le bien commun comme améliorant la valeur de leur adhésion; ils croient en outre que de telles activités sont pertinentes pour les coopératives de crédit et les caisses d’épargne là où celles-ciont de la difficulté à fournir des bénéfices économiques à leurs membres, comme c’est le cas pour les coopératives decrédit Raiffeisen en Europe.
Implementing task-based teacher training: Narratives from language classrooms
Authors: Shankar K. Padmini
Published: March 2022

This paper aims to document the impact of task-based teacher training on the classroom teaching of two native-speaker English Teaching Assistants (ETAs). The data are drawn from a 30-hour teacher training course offered to the ETAs who taught in two different government schools in Hyderabad, India, as part of the United States India Education Foundation’s Fulbright Fellowship Programme. The training offered to the ETAs consisted of eight modules: teaching vocabulary and grammar, developing listening, speaking, reading and writing and classroom management and lesson planning. Training was offered through tasks, responses to prompts, and case studies. It also included analysis of critical moments that emerged from the everyday teaching of the ETAs. Constructs such as teacher decision-making (Borg, 2006), critical reflection (East, 2014) and pre-service teacher mentoring (Gardiner 2017) have been used to build the theoretical support for the study. A Challenge-Input-Implementation (CII) model is developed to interpret and analyze the data. The data are gathered from three tools: a) reflective journals of ETAs which recorded pertinent issues that emerged from their everyday teaching and possible solutions to these; b) trainer’s field notes that identified critical areas from lesson observation and post-observation conferences; and c) cognitive information sheet which documents ETAs perceptions of how their learning from the training impacted their teaching and what they would like to explore further in their future teaching careers. Findings revealed areas where trainees needed more support (e.g., class control), as well as the strengths that they have developed in instruction delivery (e.g., the ability to make the class interactive).
PERAN MEDIA SOSIAL BAGI KOMUNITAS TRANSPORTASI ONLINE
Authors: Ikhsan Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Globalisasi merupakan hal yang tidak bisa dihindari oleh masyarakat sekarang ini, globalisasi mampu meyakinkan masyarakat Indonesia bahwa liberalisme dapat membawa kemajuan dan kemakmuran. Sehingga menciptakan kecanggihan teknologi seperti sekarang ini dan membuat kita ikut andil dalam menikmati kecanggihan teknologi. Terlebih lagi setiap industri memerlukan metode untuk memasarkan produk atau jasanya dengan sedemikian rupa, mulai dari cara yang tradisional maupun modern yang berbasis internet. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat akan informasi. Masyarakat sekarang ini membutuhkan sesuatu yang sifatnya instan, dan praktis dalam menunujang kehidupan mereka. Munculnya aplikasi-aplikasi online atau mobile application hadir diciptakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan-permasalahan yang ada dalam masyarakat, seperti  transportasi online. Peran media dalam kehidupan sehari-hari yakni sebagai komunikator serta agen of change dan sarana interaksi. Media memiliki peran yang sangat penting sehingga posisi media masapun menjadi penting dalam masyarakat. Sebagai bentuk dari pentingnya media dapat dilihat dari pengaruh yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat, mulai dari aspek kognitif, afektif, hingga konatif dari media massa dan dampak positif negatif dari media sosial. Berdasarkan analisis dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan media sosial berpengaruh terhadap penyebaran informasi di dalam komunitas transportasi online. Fitur-fitur aplikasi media sosial yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menyebarkan informasi antara lain Chat Group, foto, video, pesan suara, dan dokumen. Pemanfaatan media sosial adalah untuk berkomunikasi dengan para anggota grup komunitas, menyebarkan informasi berupa pengumuman hingga membagikan beberapa hiburan.  Namun, ada kendala yang dihadapi ketika menggunakan media sosial dalam menyebarkan informasi yaitu terjadinya kesalahpahaman atau miss communication karena tidak semua orang memiliki penafsiran yang sama dalam menerima informasi. Dari hasil uji angket, menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan media sosial Whatsapp memiliki pengaruh sebesar 77% sedangkan Telegram memiliki pengaruh sebesar 64%. Hal itu harus didasari juga dengan batasan-batasan penggunaan media sosial agar tidak meyalahgunakan fitur-fitur media sosial tersebut.
OPTIMALIZING THE USE OF GO READING DIGITAL LIBRARY IN INCREASING STUDENT'S READING INTEREST IN ONLINE LEARNING
Authors: Windiyani Tustiana , Mulyawati Yuli , Nabil Putri , Ranti Diani
Published: March 2022

During the current covid-19 pandemic, students are required to be more independent in learning, especially increasing interest in reading because reading is a gateway to find information. This study aims to increase interest in reading through a digital library application called Go Reading. With Go Reading Students can easily access reading anytime and anywhere, without having to bother carrying piles of books. The research method used is Research and Development. Research and Development was modified by researchers only up to 6 steps. Based on the results of interviews and the distribution of response questionnaires to the use of the Go Reading digital library application to increase reading interest, the results with high criteria indicate that the use of the application can be categorized as optimally increasing students' reading interest. The conclusion is that in optimizing digital libraries, students must be actively involved in increasing their learning independence, and there is awareness in students and the role of parents and teachers in directing, supervising, guiding, and motivating students in optimizing the role of digital libraries in online learning.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANIPULATIVE MEDIA ON UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF MULTIPLING CLASS II IN MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Nugroho Syafira , Putri Linda Indiyarti , Husna Asma'ul
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study was to find out how effective the use of manipulative media was for understanding the multiplication concept of class II at MI Gisikdrono Semarang in 2020/2021. The design of this study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest posttest control group design. The sample of this study was 23 students of class IIA as the experimental class and 27 students of class II B as the control class. Sample selection using simple random sampling technique. The results of statistical analysis show that by using manipulative media there is an effect on learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the results of the analysis of the N-gain score test which shows the average value of the experimental class of 0.68 or 68% which is included in the moderate or quite effective category. Furthermore, the acquisition of the count using the Paired Samples Statistics test stated that there was a difference in the average paired sample from the experimental class with the pretest of 59.13 < posttest 87.17, which means that there was a difference in the average results of the pretest and posttest of the experimental class. Through the results of this study, it is expected to be able to add insight to knowledge related to the importance of using manipulative media props.
THE USE OF INDONESIAN ENGLISH CODE MIXING ON CINTA LAURA’S GRADUATION INTERVIEW
Authors: Saputro Zulfikar Eko , Syahrizal Trisnendri
Published: March 2022

Code-mixing is a study that learns about the understanding of mixing two codes or more languages that speakers or writers situation without changing the meaning of the sentence. The study purposes to find out code-mixing was used and to find out how many codes were used in the Interview. This research method applies descriptive qualitative. The data analysis of this research is Indonesian English code- mixing on Cinta Laura’s Graduation Interview. These data are taken from a spoken interview that was written in scripts. The result of this research data are analyzed using the linguistic form in code-mixing based on Suwito’s theory, it reveals that the linguistic forms which mostly used are: “Word” (7,32%), “Phrase” (2,75%), “Clause” (1,22%), and “Word Repetition” (0,31%). Keywords:  Code-mixing, Sociolinguistic, Linguistic Form
CODE-MIXING IN CINTA LAURA’S VLOG
Authors: Fatiqah Ridha Hidayah , Apsari Yanuarti
Published: March 2022

Mixing two languages in Indonesia is currently happening. Communities in big cities often combine the use of two languages in life and influence others to do so. This phenomenon can be called code-mixing. The purposes of this study, researchers to analyze the types of code-mixing Cinta Laura’s vlog and to identify the most dominant types of code-mixing. This research used Musyken (2000) theory about code-mixing. The data were taken from Cinta Laura’s vlog updated from Ferbuary until March 2020. The researchers used descriptive qualitative method. There were types of code-mixing, found in Cinta Laura’s Vlog namely insertion, alternation and congruent lexicalization. In addition, the data also showed that insertion is the dominant type of code-mixing that is most found.  . Keywords:  Factors Motivation, Code-Mixing, Vlog
Relationship between anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in human breast milk following SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Buihgas Irene Fernández , Rayo Nieves , Silos Julia Cuesta , Serrano Berta , Ocón-Hernández Olga , Leung Bo Wah , Marín Juan Luis Delgado , Sanchez-Nieves David , Covarrubias Silvia Valle , Miguel Laura de , Silgado Aroa , Tanoira Ramón Pérez , Rolle Valeria , MARTIN BELEN BSM SANTACRUZ , Poon Liona , Mira Mar Gil
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in
colostrum and mature milk in women who had SARS-CoV-2 infection during
pregnancy or at delivery; to investigate the correlation between
anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in milk with antibody in maternal blood,
severity of infection and time-interval from active illness; and to
evaluate immunoglobulin evolution from colostrum to mature milk. Design:
prospective cohort-study Setting: six hospitals in Spain and Hong-Kong.
Sample: pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during
pregnancy or at delivery. Methods: Colostrum and mature milk were
collected by manual expression with strict contact precautions.
Colostrum samples were tested with rRT-PCR-SARS-CoV-2 and both, maternal
milk and serum were tested against SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulin M,
A and G reactive to receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike
protein-1. Results: All rRT-PCR-SARS-CoV-2 tested negative. IgA and IgG
were present in 111/135 (82.2%) and 2/135 (1.5%) colostrum samples and
27/81 (33.3%) and 0/81 mature milk samples, respectively.
Concentrations of immunoglobulins were not associated with the timing of
infection but women with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia had higher levels of IgA
and IgG in colostrum than those who were asymptomatic or had mild
symptoms. Conclusion: No SARS-CoV-2 virus was found in human milk,
however, high levels of antibodies were found in colostrum, specially
IgA, irrespective of the time of infection. All women should be
encouraged to breastfeed, undertaking strict contact precautions when
there is active disease. Funding: Spanish Government grant (Instituto de
Salud Carlos III: COV20/00188). Synlab Diagnostics’ Globales (Madrid,
Spain). Perkin Elmer.
Estimated Life-Years Gained Free of New or Recurrent Major Cardiovascular Events With the Addition of Semaglutide to Standard of Care in People With Type 2 Diabetes and High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Westerink Jan , Matthiessen Kasper Sommer , Nuhoho Solomon , Fainberg Udi , Wolden Michael Lyng , Østergaard Helena Bleken , Visseren Frank , Sattar Naveed
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, reduced major adverse cardiovascular events
(MACE) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at high risk of cardiovascular
disease (CVD) in a post hoc analysis of pooled data from SUSTAIN 6 and
PIONEER 6. We estimated the benefit of
adding semaglutide to standard of care (SoC) on life-years free of new/recurrent
CVD events in people with T2D at high risk of CVD.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The DIAL competing-risk-adjusted lifetime CVD risk model for people with
T2D was developed previously. Baseline characteristics from SUSTAIN 6 and
PIONEER 6 (POOLED cohort; N=6,480) were used to estimate individual life
expectancy free of CVD for patients in the POOLED cohort. The hazard ratio of
MACE from adding semaglutide to SoC was derived from the POOLED cohort (hazard
ratio 0.76 [95% CI 0.62–0.92]) and combined with an individual’s risk to
estimate their CVD benefit.

RESULTS

Adding semaglutide to SoC was associated with a wide distribution in life-years
free of CVD gained, with a mean increase of 1.7 (95% CI 0.5–2.9) life-years. Estimated
life-years free of CVD gained with semaglutide was dependent on baseline risk (life-years
free of CVD gained in individuals with established CVD vs those with cardiovascular
risk factors only: 2.0 years vs 0.2 years) and age at treatment initiation.

CONCLUSIONS

Adding semaglutide to SoC was associated with a gain in life-years free
of CVD events that was dependent on baseline CVD risk and age at treatment
initiation. This study helps contextualize the results of semaglutide clinical
trials.
Varying Impact of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Incidence of Childhood Cancers: An Age-Stratified Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Marcoux Sophie , Côté-Corriveau Gabriel , Healy-Profitós Jessica , Auger Nathalie
Published: March 2022

Objective:
We studied the association between gestational
diabetes and early versus late childhood cancer.

Research
Design & Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1 million
children born between 2006 and 2019 in Quebec, Canada. We identified children who
were exposed to gestational diabetes in utero and followed them from birth up to
14 years of age to identify new onset cancers. We estimated hazard ratios (HR)
for the association between gestational diabetes and childhood cancer using Cox
proportional regression models adjusted for covariates through inverse propensity
score weights.

Results:
A total of 83,626 children (8.2%) were exposed to gestational diabetes and 1,702
developed cancer during 7.6 million person-years of follow-up. Children exposed
to gestational diabetes had a higher risk of any cancer (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01-1.40),
with signals present for blood cancer (HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.92-1.76) and
solid tumors (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.94-1.40). The association between gestational
diabetes and cancer was strongest early in life and decreased with age. Gestational
diabetes was associated with 1.47 times the risk of any cancer (95% CI 1.21-1.79),
1.44 times the risk of solid cancer (95% CI 1.12-1.87), and 1.61 times the risk
of blood cancer (95% CI 1.09-2.36) in children under 2 years. Gestational
diabetes was not significantly associated with blood or solid cancers after 2
years of age and all associations disappeared after 6 years.

Conclusions: Hyperglycemia
may be carcinogenic in utero and may be a novel risk factor for early childhood
cancer.
U-Shaped Associations Between Body Weight Changes and Major Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Follow-up Study of Over 1.5 Million Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Park Chan Soon , Choi You-Jung , Rhee Tae-Min , Lee Hyun Jung , Lee Hee-Sun , Park Jun-Bean , Kim Yong-Jin , Han Kyung-Do , Kim Hyung-Kwan
Published: March 2022

Objective: Despite the benefits of weight loss on
metabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), its
association with myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS), atrial
fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), and all-cause death, remains elusive.

Research Design and Methods: Using the National
Database, we screened subjects who underwent general health check-ups twice in
a 2-year interval between 2009 and 2012. After identifying 1,522,241 T2DM
patients without previous history of MI, IS, AF, and HF, we followed them up
until December 2018. Patients were stratified according to the magnitude of
weight changes between two general health check-ups: ≤-10%, -10 to ≤-5%, -5 to
≤5%, 5 to ≤10%, and >10%.

Results:
During the follow-up (median 7.0 years), 32,106 cases of MI, 44,406 cases of
IS, 34,935 cases of AF, 68,745 cases of HF, and 84,635 all-cause deaths
occurred. Patients with weight changes of -5 to ≤5% showed the lowest
risk of each cardiovascular event. Both directions of weight change were
associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Stepwise increases in the
risks of MI, IS, AF, HF, and all-cause death were noted with progressive weight
gain (all P<.0001). Similarly, the more weight loss occurred, the higher the cardiovascular risks
observed (all
P<.0001). The U-shaped
associations were consistently observed in both univariate and multivariate
analyses. Explorative subgroup analyses also consistently showed a U-shaped
association.

Conclusion: Both weight loss and gain beyond 5% within a
2-year interval were associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events
in patients with T2DM.
U.S. Marines and NATO’s Northern Flank
Authors: Strauss Lon , Gordinier Ryan , Byrne Michael
Published: March 2022

The U.S. Department of the Navy released A Strategic Blueprint for the Arctic on 5 January 2021. The Navy is focused on preparing for an Alaskan and “Blue” Arctic. Recognizing the changing landscape of the Arctic, the US Navy seeks to maintain a competitive edge, freedom of the seas, and deterrent effect. For the Marine Corps, both the 2021 document and the previous Advantage at Sea: Prevailing with Integrated All-Domain Naval Power, highlight the Marines’ mission to assist the Navy in sea control and sea denial. These strategic documents reflect the direction both the Navy and Marine Corps are taking to better engage in the Arctic, and, therefore on NATO’s northern flank and elsewhere in the world. The Marine Corps’ new concept for warfighting, represented in The Tentative Manual for Expeditionary Advanced Base Operations (EABO) presumes that Marines are a “stand-in” force, i.e., they are already in areas within an adversary’s weapon’s engagement zone (WEZ). However, this is not the case on NATO’s northern flank, where Marines conduct training with NATO and under bilateral agreements. In order to better understand how these new concepts and strategic documents influence the USMC’s engagement on NATO’s northern flank, it is important to relate them to the overall strategic context in this region, as well as the possible gaps that exist down to include operational and some tactical levels implications.
Introduction: Security and Military Power in the Arctic
Authors: Wegge Njord , Halsne Sigbjørn
Published: March 2022

For a long time, the Arctic has been regarded as a stable region with low tension. However, even though low tension prevails, it is a fact that the circumpolar region also encompasses some of the world’s most capable and potent military capabilities. The key role of the Arctic regarding security issues, international relations and geopolitics, is sometimes underplayed or not fully understood. These aspects of security are investigated in this thematic issue of Arctic Review on Law and Politics.
Scotland and Pedagogy: Moving from the Anglophone Towards the Continental?
Authors: Adams Paul
Published: March 2022

Across the Anglophone world, throughout the late 20th and early 21st century, learning and teaching became the go-to descriptions for teacher and learner activity. Notably, this term posited individualistic views that ‘education is an individual right’ realised through technically proficient teacher-action that engenders favourable positioning in a post-industrial, efficient world. More recently, pedagogy seems to have remerged as a flavoursome term. However, its use is still dominated by the doctrines of the Global Education Reform Movement (GERM) realised through education science assumptions and approaches. In turn, across much of the Anglophone world, pedagogy is mostly described as ‘the methods and practices of teaching’ often associated with delivery-type teaching and learning judged by quantitative uplift on test scores. Pedagogy, it seems, is still subservient to individualism reified by forms of technically legitimate teaching competence.
In many respects, Scotland is no different: policy frames and explanations (Adams, 2016) often legitimise through technocratic and positivist Discourses (Gee, 2012). Matters such as the recent incorporation of the UNHRC into Scottish law offer hope though, for they offer ‘rupture’. The OECD might prevail over system-wide evaluation and conversations about ‘curriculum’ dominate, but ever-increasing calls to shift ‘schooling’ from ‘learning and teaching’ to ‘education, more broadly conceived’ seem to have widened discourse (Gee, 2012) and acknowledged the inherently political. While this has not magically moved pedagogy on, it is clear is that pedagogy as ‘being in and acting on the world, with and for others is finding a Scottish voice.
Education’s Relative Autonomy: A Closer Look at the Discipline’s Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Siegel Stefan T. , Matthes Eva
Published: March 2022

The relative autonomy of Pädagogik (education) as an academic field has always been in jeopardy. Consequently, we take a closer look at its past, present, and future. We begin by retracing the historical development of this field of study in the German-speaking context. In the second part, we look at the current state of the discipline and spotlight current developments threatening education’s autonomy, first and foremost the steep rise and dominance of Empirische Bildungsforschung (empirical educational research). In the last part, we argue for education as an independent discipline and outline how educationalists can strengthen its autonomy and disciplinary identity.
Capaian Kemampuan Self-confidence Siswa SMK dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Secara Daring di Era Covid-19
Authors: Rokhmah Na'immatur
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui capaian tingkat kemampuan Self-confidence siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika berbasis E-learning di Era Pandemi Covid-19 ini. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain penelitiannya yaitu deskriptif  kualitatif.  Tahapan peneltian kualitatif deskriptif ini yaitu melakukan observasi awal mengenai kemampuan awal matematis siswa, mengkonstruksi instrumen, validasi instrumen, melakukan penelitian dan penyebaran angket melalui google form, dan analisis hasil penelitian secara deskriptif. Tempat penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satu SMK Kota Bandung. Di sekolah tersebut terdapat lima Jurusan yang diteliti yaitu Jurusan Keuangan dan Akuntansi, Otomotif, Perhotelan, TIK1 dan TIK2. Dari empat Jurusan tersebut yang subjek penelitiannya diambil secara purposive akan diteliti menggunakan Self-confidence dengan pembelajaran matematika berbasis E-learning. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu menggunakan Angket yang disebarkan melalui google form. Data yang diperoleh akan dideskripsikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan Self-confidence  siswa dengan pembelajaran matematika berbasis E-learning secara keseluruhan yaitu memiliki presentase sebesar 57%yang mana berada dalam katagori sedang. Secara per kelas kelas dengan Jurusan Keuangan dan Akuntansi memiliki capaian 13,3%; kelas dengan Jurusan Otomotif memiliki capaian Self-confidence sebesar 20%; kelas dengan Jurusan Perhotelan memperoleh 28,9%; kelas dengan Jurusan TIK1 memperoleh persentase 24,4%; dan kelas dengan Jurusan TIK2 memperoleh persentase sebesar 13,3%.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) Terhadap Kemampuan Siswa Dalam Mengerjakan Bukti Dalam Matematika Pada Siswa SMA
Authors: Noor Firman Syah
Published: March 2022

Abstract
This article reports the findings  of a pretest post test experimental control group design conducted to analysis students’ mathematical proving ability by using STAD strategy.  The subjects of this study were two classess  eleventh grade students of a State Senior High School in Bandung.  Instruments of this study were a mathematical proving ability test of three mathematics topics and an observation sheet of students’ activities during the lesson.  The data was analyzed by using t-test. The study found that  according to entirely and each kind of proving strategies and mathematics topics students of STAD class got higher scores and gains  on mathematical proving ability than those scores and gains  of students’ abilities of conventional class. Likewise,   the number of students who reached mastery learning in mathematical proving abilities of STAD class was higher than the number of students of conventional class as well. Moreover, during the lesson, students of  STAD strategy performed  more active in discussing with each other than students of conventional class.  
Keywords: mathematical proving ability, direct proving method, indirect proving method, STAD strategy.
 
Abstrak
Makalah ini melaporkan temuan suatu eksperimen dengan disain prete-poste dan kelompok kontrol yang bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan menyuausn bukti matematika siswa dengan menggunakan strategi STAD. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa dari dua kelas sebelas pada satu SMA Negeri di Bandung. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah tiga perangkat tes pembuktian matematik dan lembar observasi kegiatan siswa selama pembelajaran. Data dianalisis dengan uji-t. Studi menemukan bahwa berdasarkan keseluruhan dan pada tiap jenis pembuktian matematik dan tiap topik matematika, siswa kelas STAD memperoleh skor dan gain kemampuan pembuktian matematik yang lebih besar dari skor dan gain siswa pada kelas konvensional. Selain itu juga ditemukan persentase siswa yang mencapai tuntas belajar dalam pembuktian matematik pada kelas STAD lebih besar dari persentase siswa pada kelas konvensional. Studi juga menemukan siswa pada kelas STAD menunjukkan lebih aktif dalam berdikusi dibandingkan siswa pada kelas konvensional
Kata kunci: kemampuan pembuktikan matematik, buktilangsung,bukti tak langsung, strategi STAD
Pembelajaran Kontekstual Untuk Mengembangkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Dan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa SMP
Authors: Maryati Iyam
Published: March 2022

Subjects in the study were students of class VIII junior secondary school class one experimental and one control class. The instrument used in this study consists of two instruments, namely, (1) test communications and mathematical problem solving that aims to measure communication skills and mathematical problem solving of students after learning, and (2) the scale of attitude that serves to express students' applied learning the class eksperimen. From data analysis in this study, it is concluded that (1) the ability of students in mathematical communication in the group of students that uses contextual learning better than students who studied with conventional learning. (2) The ability of students in mathematical problem solving in student groups that use contextual learning better than students who studied with conventional learning. (3) There is a very high correlation between communication skills and mathematical problem solving of students. This means that the rank obtained by the students on communication skills with a rating similar to that obtained in mathematical problem solving ability. There are also associations at anatara enough communication skills to solving mathematical problems. This shows that student achievement in communication skills similar to mathematical problem solving ability and vice versa. Correlations and associations found in both groups. 4) the scale of students' attitudes toward learning context shows that the majority of students expressed  agreement the learning activities that took place during the study.
Penerapan Pembelajaran Project-Based Learning (Pjbl) Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa SMA
Authors: . Linda
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengungkapkan apakah Project-Based Learning (PjBL) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa, untuk mengetahui aktivitas guru dan siswa dalam kegiatan Project-Based Learning (PjBL) dan untuk mengetahui sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran Project-Based Learning (PjBL).. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode gabungan (mixed method) dengan  Embedded design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA N 2 Gunungputri Kabupaten Bogor, adapun sampelnya adalah  siswa kelas XI  IPA 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa XI IPA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model Pembelajaran  Project-Based Learning  dan kelompok kontrol memperoleh pembelajaran ekspositori. Untuk mendapatkan data hasil penelitian digunakan instrumen berupa tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis, pedoman observasi, pedoman wawancara dan skala angket.  Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan terhadap data tes awal, tes akhir, dan gain ternormalisasi kemampuan pemahaman matematis, serta terhadap data tes kedua kelompok dilakukan uji perbedaan rerata antara dua populasi dengan uji t. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan untuk menelaah aktivitas guru dan siswa selama pembelajaran Project-Based Learning dan sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran yang menggunakan model Pembelajaran  Project-Based Learning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa yang mendapatkan model pembelajaran  Project-Based Learning  lebih baik daripada siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran ekspositori dan  Respon siswa terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran matematika dengan model pembelajaran  Project-Based Learning  adalah positif.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Inquiry Training Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Dan Representasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Hermawati Rizki
Published: March 2022

matematis siswa melalui pembelajaran dengan menggunakan strategi Inquiry Training, menelaah apakah kemampuan komunikasi matematis pada siswa yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pembelajaran dengan strategi Inquiry Training lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan pembelajaran konvensional, menalaah apakah kemampuan representasi matematis pada siswa yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pembelajaran dengan strategi Inquiry Training lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan pembelajaran konvensional, serta mengetahui sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika strategi Inquiry Training. Setiap kelas terbagi kedalam tiga kemampuan awal matematika (KAM)yang berbeda, yaitu siswa berkemampuan tinggi, sedang, dan rendah.Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan terhadap rataan gain ternormalisasi dan data sikap siswa antara kedua kelompok sampel dengan menggunakan Uji ANOVA Dua Jalur. Setelah dilakukan analisi data, hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah: 1) Kemampuan representasi matematis pada siswa yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pembelajaran Inquiry Training lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional, 2) Kemampuan komunikasi matematis pada siswa yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pembelajaran Inquiry Training lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional, 3) terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan representasi matematis siswa yang signifikan antara siswa dengan tingkat kemampuan tinggi, sedang dan rendah
Penerapan Authentic Assessment Berbentuk Portofolio Dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematik Peserta Didik
Authors: Franjaya Perliawan
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk :Mengetahui dan membandingkan peningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik peserta didik yang pembelajarannya menggunakan authentic assesmentberbentuk portofolio dalam pembelajaran berbasis masalah, peserta didik yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan peserta didik yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional berdasarkan kelas pembelajaran dan Kemampuan Awal Matematika (KAM);  Mengetahui sikap peserta didik selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis masalah
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Mixed Method Research dengan strategi Embedded design. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah, wawancara dan angket sikap peserta didik. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas X SMAN 2  KS  Cilegon dengan sampel penelitian yaitu kelas X IPA 1, X IPA 2 dan X IPA 3. Teknik pengolahan data menggunakan pedoman penskoran tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik dan pengolahan angket sikap peserta didik.
Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dapat disimpulkan: terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik peserta didik yang pembelajarannya menerapkan authentic assesmentberbentuk portofolio dalam pembelajaran berbasis masalah, peserta didik yang pembelajarannya menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan peserta didik yang pembelajarannya menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Sikap peserta didik positif setelah penerapan pembelajaran matematika menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis masalah
Studi Komparatif Tentang Peningkatan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematik Dan Motivasi Siswa Yang Belajar Dengan Two Stay Two Stay (TSTS) Dan Direct Instruction
Authors: Tarsidi Iding
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah tentang peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematik dan motivasi siswa yang belajardengan two stay two stay (TSTS)  dandirect intruction (pembelajaran langsung). Penelitian ini berbentuk eksperimen dengan tempat penelitian di SMP Negeri 7 Banjar kecamatan Purwaharja Kota Banjar dengan sampel adalah siswa kelas VIII A dan kelas VIII B diantara 6 kelas yang ada di kelas VIII  yang diambil secara acak. Dari Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa: (1) Kemampuan penalaran matematis  siswa yang belajar dengan  two stay two stay (TSTS)  lebih baik dibandingkan   siswa yang belajar dengan direct instruction. (2) Peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang  belajar dengan Two Stay Two Stay (TSTS)  lebih baik daripada siswa yang belajar dengan  direct instruction (3) Motivasi belajar siswa yang belajar dengan Two Stay Two Stay (TSTS) lebih baik daripada siswa yang belajar dengan direct instruction.
Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran Sosiologi SMA Berbasis Lectora Inspire
Authors: Nisa Alya , Sylvia Ike
Published: March 2022

Pembelajaran sosiologi pada masa pandemi Covid-19 yang dilaksanakan secara online belum mampu membuat peserta didik memperoleh hasil belajar yang baik. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah media pembelajaran yang digunakan tidak maksimal membantu peserta didik memahami materi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dirancang multimedia pembelajaran yang dapat membantu peserta didik mencapai penguasaan materi. Salah satu multimedia yang dapat menunjang proses pembelajaran sosiologi adalah aplikasi Lectora Inspire, yang dapat digunakan melalui handphone android. Penelitian pengembangan multimedia berbasis Lectora Inspire ini merupakan penelitian dengan jenis R&D dengan model pengembangan ADDIE yang terdiri atas: (1) analysis (analisis), (2) design (perancangan), (3) development (pengembangan), (4) implementation (implementasi) dan (5) evaluation (evaluasi). Penelitian ini didasakan teori konstruktivisme yaitu membangun tata susunan hidup yang berbudaya modern yang melalui keterlibatan peserta didik untuk aktif dalam konstruksi makna dan pengetahuan. Berdasarkan hasil belajar peserta didik diperoleh pretest dengan rata-rata 75 dan postest rata-rata 86,75, sehingga terdapat perbedaan peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan multimedia pembelajaran Lectora Inspire. Kemudian dilakukan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan uji t.