bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying an Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach to Detect Dietary Habits of Breast Cancer Patients in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Mst. Farzana , Sathi Shahnaj Sultana , Akter Ayesha , Ullah Mohammad Ohid
Published: March 2022

Purpose: The study aims to examine the association between food habits/lifestyle and breast cancer using an unsupervised machine approach. 
Method: The dataset was collected from the hospitals of eight divisional cities in Bangladesh using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistical tools and an unsupervised machine learning approach- Factor Analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results: The highest numbers of breast cancer patients were observed in the Sylhet division, followed by the Dhaka and Khulna divisions. It is noted that, overall, left breast cancer patients outnumber right breast cancer patients. We found that betel nuts, beverages, beef/mutton, etc. are high commonalities, which indicates that these food habits are highly associated with breast cancer. Moreover, most of the patients can’t bear the cost of treatment.
 Conclusions: It is concluded that most breast cancer patients are used to taking betel nuts and beverages that may cause this disease. Therefore, we should avoid unhealthy and junk foods.
Klorofil-a dan kaitannya terhadap Produktifitas Primer Perairan Laut Banda pada Fenomena La Nina
Authors: Uneputty Brian Abraham Salmon , Tubalawony Simon , Noya Yunita Anganetjie
Published: March 2022

Perairan Laut Banda merupakan perairan terbuka yang memiliki dinamika dan karakteristik perairan yang sangat kompleks. Perairan tersebut memiliki topografi bawah laut yang beragam dan dikelilingi oleh banyak pulau baik pulau besar maupun kecil. Selain itu perairan ini juga sangat dipengaruhi oleh fenomena ENSO. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola sebaran  Klorofil A di Perairan Laut selama periode La Nina dan Tingkat Produktivitas Primer. Penelitian ini menggunakan data bulanan  klorofil a tahun 2010, dari satelit MODIS AQUA yang kemudian diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Surfer-12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pola variasi sebaran klorofil a di Perairan Laut banda selama fenomena El nino dan La Nina.
Factor Analysis of Speech Signal for Parkinson’s Disease Prediction using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Karan Biswajit , Sahu Sitanshu Sekhar
Published: March 2022

Speech signal can be used as marker for identification of Parkinson’s disease. It is neurological disorder which is progressive in nature mainly effect the people in old age. Identification of relevant discriminant features from speech signal has been a challenge in this area. In this paper, factor analysis method is used to select distinguishing features from a set of features. These selected features are more effective for detection of the PD. From an empirical study on existing dataset and a generated dataset, it was found that the jitter, shimmer variants and noise to harmonic ratio are dominant features in detecting PD. Further, these features are employed in support vector machine for classifying PD from healthy subjects. This method provides an average accuracy of 85 % with sensitivity and specificity of about 86% and 84%. Important outcome of this study is that sustained vowels phonation captures distinguishing information for analysis and detection of PD.
"My words were completely gone." A qualitative study of the information seeking behaviour of people with aphasia
Authors:   Deparment of Archivistics, Library and Information Science at Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway, Kvikne Birgit , Berget Gerd ,   Department of Archivistics, Library and Information Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Aphasia is an acquired language impairment, which affects the production and comprehension of speech, reading and writing. Aphasia is associated with great cognitive variation, but a common marker is impaired word retrieval. Searching for information requires several language related skills, such as naming, spelling and reading skills. Consequently, aphasia may have an impact on information seeking behaviour. Method. Seven participants with aphasia were interviewed about their information seeking. Analysis. The data were analysed and organized into categories, derived from themes in the interview guide and the dataset. Results. Information needs were typically solved by asking someone, or through word mobilising search strategies. The participants reported extensive searching for images and synonyms, with the overall purpose to identify adequate query terms. Browsing was preferred over direct searching. Furthermore, certain information needs did not result in any information seeking, because searching activities were considered too strenuous. Conclusions. The findings from this study suggest that an information architecture that facilitates browsing and image search can make Web content more accessible for people with aphasia. Moreover, there is a need for future research on search user interface design that better accommodate people with aphasia in general and impaired word retrieval skills in particular.
Why people lurk in theme-oriented virtual communities: integrating achievement goal theory and cognitive dissonance theory
Authors:   National Yunlin University of Science & Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan, Cheng Hsiu-Hua , Chen Chi-Wei ,   Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Lurking behaviour not only causes little user-generated content online, but also slows down the development of theme-oriented virtual communities. For managers of theme-oriented virtual communities, understanding the antecedents of lurking behaviour is a key way to obtain competitive advantages. Therefore, this study proposes a model and examines the determinants of lurking behaviour on virtual communities of motorcycle modification by combining achievement goal theory and cognitive dissonance theory. Method. This study uses an online questionnaire to collect data from 326 respondents. Analysis. The model is tested by multiple regression analysis. Results. Analytical results show that mastery-approach goal and performance-approach goal negatively affect lurking behaviour, whereas performance-avoidance goal and cognitive dissonance have positive impacts on lurking behaviour. Conclusions. This study adopts mastery-approach goal and mastery-avoidance goal concepts, together with the concept of help-seeking in acquiring information and applies them to explain lurking behaviour on theme-oriented virtual communities. Theoretical and practical contributions are also outlined.
The Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaf Ethanolic Extract as Anticancer Against Lung adenocarcinoma (A549) Cells and Its Toxicity on Normal Mammary Cells (MCF-12A)
Authors: Priyandoko Didik , Widowati Wahyu , Widodo Widodo , Kusdianti Kusdianti , Hernawati Hernawati , Widodo Wahyu Setia , Gunawan Kamila Yashfa , Sholihah Ika Adhani
Published: March 2022

Moringa oleifera (MO) is traditional medicine with variety biological activities. M. oleifera as anticancer agent is due to its low toxicity to normal cells and high toxicity to cancer cells. This research aims was to evaluate the M. oleifera leaf extract (MOE) anticancer activities against lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549) and its toxicity on normal breast human cells (MCF-12A). The evaluation includes viability assay, intracellular ROS detection, apoptosis detection, and cells senescence detection assay. The viability assay was conducted using MTS cytotoxicity assay, and the senescence assay was carried out by Senescence Associated-β-Galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining. ROS and apoptosis detection assay were determined by flow cytometry using DCFDA staining for ROS detection and PI/Annexin-V staining for apoptosis assay. The results reveal that MOE have higher toxicity against A549 cell lines with IC50 1062.87 µg/mL compared to MCF-12A cell lines with IC50 1424.04 µg/mL. The MOE induces ROS levels up to 89.71±0.58 % in MOE 1000 µg/mL treatment. Furthermore, 15.32±0.33 % cells were late apoptosis and 48.69±0.10 % cells were necrosis after 24 h treatment by MOE 1000 µg/mL. The ability of MOE 1000 µg/mL to trigger senescence was higher in A549 cells (25.04±2.9 %) compared to MCF-12A cells (12.48±4.6). The results indicate that the MOE have higher toxicity against cancer cells compared than normal cells, and MOE can kill cancer cells through generating intracellular ROS levels, inducing apoptosis and triggering senescence in A549 cell lines.
Comparative Study of Double Gate and Silicon on Insulator MOSFET by Varying Device Parameters
Authors: Patel Dax , Sojitra Soham , Kadia Jay , Chaudhary Bhavik , Parekh Rutu
Published: March 2022

A comparative study of the single gate MOSFET (SG MOSFET), double-gate MOSFET (DG MOSFET) and silicon-on-insulator MOSFET (SOI MOSFET) is done using MOSFET simulation tool. Device simulation is done by varying different physical parameters of the device structure such as oxide thickness, channel length, temperature and different gate electrodes. Contour plots of SOI and DG MOSFET for electron concentration and potential at initial and final bias are simulated. The drain current vs gate voltage (Id-Vg) characteristics performance simulations show that DG MOSFET is better than SOI MOSFET for different oxide thickness and channel length. It was further noticed that with an increase in the oxide thickness, drain current decreases for DG and SOI MOSFETs. When oxide thickness is reduced from 10 to 7 nm keeping all other parameters same, in DG MOSFET drain current increased by 49.49 % and in SOI MOSFET drain current increased by 66.6 %. When channel length is reduced from 80 to 75 nm in DG MOSFET drain current increased by 1.35 % and in SOI MOSFET drain current increased by 2 %. The performance simulations show that aluminium (Al) gate electrode is better than n+ poly silicon (Si) and tungsten (W) for every MOSFET devices. With respect to aluminium gate electrode in DG MOSFET, for n+ poly Si and tungsten, drain current decreased by 3.89 and 30.5 %, respectively and in SOI MOSFET, for n+ poly Si and tungsten, drain current decreased by 3.84 and 34.61 %, respectively.

HIGHLIGHTS

Comparative study of Double Gate and Silicon on Insulator MOSFET

Simulation of DG and SOI MOSFET using MOSFET simulation tool on nanohub.org

Performance analysis of DG and SOI MOSFET by varying different physical parameters like oxide thickness, channel length, temperature and gate electrodes

Drain current vs gate voltage (Id-Vg) characteristics performance simulation of DG and SOI MOSFET

Contour plot for electron concentration and potential

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Climate change and food security: Assessing the prospect for Kuwait using an economywide model
Authors:   Techno-economic Division Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), Gelan Ayele U. , Atkinson Giles ,   Department of Geography and Environment London School of Economics
Published: March 2022

This study is concerned with food security effects of global warming in Kuwait. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) approach to monitor impacts of human activities on climate change has essentially remained top-down. Hence, it fallen out of favour among end user communities. In this procedure, the needs of policymakers at national scale have been peripheral. Kuwait’s food security is a good illustration of this. The study is implemented by applying a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model for Kuwait. The model was calibrated on Kuwaiti data to examine food security impacts of the five Shared Socio-economic Pathways. The simulation results indicate asymmetrical impacts on Kuwait’s agriculture and food processing industries. Arid countries would benefit by enhancing national capacities to assess food security implications of global warming scenarios.
Broadband Low-Frequency Sound Absorption via a Hexagonal Acoustic Metamaterial in the Honeycomb Structure
Authors:   Department of Science, College of Basic Education, Wasit University, Wasit, Iraq, Gaafer Fatma Nafaa
Published: March 2022

We proposed a low-frequency absorber comprised of a hexagonal honeycomb structure is presented and demonstrated. The acoustic metamaterial of the hexagonal honeycomb structure with different folding numbers n is investigated via finite element simulations to solve COMSOL multi-physics commercial software. This technique is design to expose the influence of thickness and eccentric hexagonal designs to improve acoustic performance. A hexagonal honeycomb structure made of a soft polymer is constructed. The effect of the folding number on the absorption peak is studied, and the results indicate that a more significant folding number can dramatically increase the absorption peak frequency with the absorber decreasing thickness. The impact of structural parameters for honeycomb structure designs is demonstrated to produce a low-frequency sound absorber. To achieve unitary sound absorption at low frequencies results via adjusting the inner and outer thicknesses with the folding number n. we show influenced the hexagonal folding number and adjusting the internal parameters of the acoustic metamaterial to paving the path for creating an ideal sound absorber
Diffusion coefficient calculation of iron in liquid lead using molecular dynamics method with new mixing rule for Lennard-Jones potential parameters
Authors:   Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia, Arkundato Artoto , Monado Fiber ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia, Sugihartono Iwan ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia, Rivai Abu Khalid ,   National Nuclear Energy Organization – National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Puspiptek Kawasan Nuklir Serpong, Indonesia, Su’ud Zaki ,   Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, ITB, Bandung, Indonesia
Published: March 2022

The diffusion coefficient data of materials are crucial for several applications, and can be calculated theoretically up to considerable accuracies. Using molecular dynamics simulation it is possible to compute this property for several conditions as temperature and pressure. The corrosion phenomena of steel types in the fast nuclear reactor can be correlated and studied based on the the diffusion process of iron atoms that dissolve into a liquid lead coolant via molecular dynamics methods using certain potential energy. A widely type of the interatomic interaction potential of materials is the Lennard-Jones potential. Regarding this potential, for a pair of different elements A and B, we can determine the potential parameter (
Social Networks Fake Detection
Authors: Hardik Kolhe  , Atul Patil  , Vitthal Remulkar  , Prof. Ulka Shirole
Published: March 2022

Nowadays, social platforms have become part of our day by days life, we are more associated with these platforms, we use OSNs to stay connected to friends, share news, and we also use social media platforms to show our talent, run our e-business. This all-social media platform generates a large amount of personal data this all-personal data attracts attackers and imposters to steal personal data, share fake news, and perform malware attacks. By creating Human-generated or bot-generated fake profiles on social media, Therefore, in this project, we create a detection model, which detects fake profiles and genuine profiles on Twitter, based on visible features like followers count, friends count, status counts, and more by using various machine learning methods.
Os níveis de qualidade de vida no trabalho a partir dos modelos de Walton (1973) e Hackman e Oldham (1975): estudo em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino do estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Paula Marcos Vinício de , Marques Antônio Luiz , Beraldo Daiane Ferreira Arantes , Couto Lucas Carrilho do , Gonçalves Iago Batista , Gonçalves Vinícius Batista
Published: March 2022

Este estudo foi realizado em virtude da relevância da QVT para o bom desenvolvimento das organizações e também da pluralidade de estudos e de modelos sobre o construto, não se obtendo, no entanto, um consenso final sobre o assunto. A pesquisa objetivou identificar os níveis de QVT em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino de Minas Gerais, a partir dos modelos de Walton (1973) e Hackman e Oldham (1975). Para tanto, a pesquisa se caracterizou como quantitativa e descritiva. Por meio de um estudo de caso, os dados foram coletados via questionário, destinado, de forma impressa, a uma amostra de 175 servidores escolhidos aleatoriamente em um universo de 345 indivíduos. As análises foram feitas por meio de estatística uni e bivariada. Os achados evidenciaram níveis satisfatórios de QVT em ambos os modelos. Em relação ao modelo de Walton, destacam-se as variáveis “estabilidade” e “equilíbrio trabalho e vida”, que mais proporcionam satisfação e também a dimensão “oportunidade de crescimento profissional e pessoal” que menos proporciona satisfação. No que diz respeito ao modelo de Hackman e Oldham, evidenciou-se que a dimensão que mais proporciona satisfação é “inter-relacionamento” e a que menos proporciona satisfação é a dimensão “feedback extrínseco”. Observou-se também a complementaridade entre os modelos abordados, sugerindo a utilização simultânea de ambos ao avaliar os índices de QVT, haja vista a distinção de seus enfoques.
Wier’s early years and apprenticeship (1515–1557)
Authors: Valente Michaela
Published: March 2022

Wier’s biography is reconstructed in this chapter, from his education
with Agrippa to his studies in France where he came into contact with
some of the most important physicians of the time. As a professional
physician, Wier could see past many of those events unjustly attributed
as witchcraft to identify the demonic tricks beneath. With his arrival at
the court of Cleves, an Erasmian laboratory of religious coexistence of
different Christian faiths, Wier’s own religious beliefs were questioned,
a topic that remains actively debated within historiography.
Inside the labyrinth of spells
Authors: Valente Michaela
Published: March 2022

In 1563, Wier published his De praestigiis daemonum. The premises and
evolution of this work is analysed in this chapter, from Wier’s choice to
publish in Basel to the various editions that followed, which contained
significant revisions. For the first time, providing explanations based
on a variety of aspects, Wier defined actions that were considered to be
witchcraft as demonic tricks, and not as reality. In this early phase, he
debated on what punishment should be imposed on witches with the
prominent theologian Johann Brenz. The French and German translations
of his work attest to the positive reception Wier’s thought received.
Reading and refuting Wier
Authors: Valente Michaela
Published: March 2022

Over the centuries, Wier’s proposals were discussed and either received
or refuted by theologians, philosophers, and jurists; his arguments were
praised or condemned by Catholics and Reformers who took up surprising
positions. In any case, all these scholars had to engage with his work. In
the sixteenth century, Thomas Erastus and Jean Bodin began the debate,
and later other supporters, such as Reginald Scot and later Balthasar
Bekker, radicalized Wier’s conclusions. The continuity and resistance of
Wier’s legacy and how it adapted over time is highlighted in this chapter.
The debate, which traversed European culture, is studded with consensus
and criticism, and endured across the turning point of Cartesianism and
Spinozism until the mid-seventeenth-century.
v
Authors: Valente Michaela
Published: March 2022

This book deals with a fascinating and original claim in sixteenth-century
Europe: witches should be cured, not executed. It was with this claim
that the physician and scholar Johann Wier (1515–1588) challenged the
dominant idea. For his defence of witches, more than three centuries
later Sigmund Freud chose to put Wier’s work among his ten books to be
read by everyone. According to Wier, Satan is responsible for seducing
witches; therefore, witches do not deserve to be executed, but they must
be cured for their melancholy. When witch-hunting was rising, Wier was
the first to use some of the arguments adopted in the emerging debate
on religious tolerance in defence of witches.
This is the first overall study of Wier that offers an innovative view of
his thought by highlighting Wier’s sources and his attempts to involve
theologians, physicians, and philosophers in his fight against cruel
witch-hunts. Johann Wier: Debating the Devil and Witches situates and
explains his claim as a result of a moral and religious path as well as
the outcome of his medical experience. The book aims at providing an
insightful examination of Wier’s works in order to read his pleas while
simultaneously emphasizing the duty of every good Christian to not
abandon anyone who strays from the flock of Christ. For these reasons,
Wier was overwhelmed by bitter confutations such as those of Jean Bodin,
but he was also celebrated for his outstanding and prolific heritage in
debating religious tolerance.
Brainhood and the Cinema
Authors: Vidal Fernando
Published: March 2022

This chapter outlines the main themes of Performing Brains on Screen. It
explains the emphasis on performance (rather than mere representation),
and critically examines the “deficit model” in the public understanding
of science, the relevance of filmic genres, the interpretive strategy of
“symptomatic reading,” and ways of approaching philosophy in film or
film as philosophy. It discusses varieties of “brainfilms” and the universe of
B movies, which form an important part of the filmic material examined
in the rest of the book. It also sketches the history of the emergence of the
view of the human as “cerebral subject,” as well as the “neuroscientific
turn” in contemporary culture, both of which are central frameworks for
the filmic performance of brains.
Naked Brains and Living Heads
Authors: Vidal Fernando
Published: March 2022

This chapter focuses on American B movies of the 1950s to 1970s in which
“ectobrains” (naked brains that live outside a body) become full-fledged
protagonists. Kept in vats or freely moving, ectobrains are usually evil
and seek power. A comparison with films driven by interspecies and
partial-brain transplantations or displaying detached non-cerebral body
parts and heads kept alive separately from the rest of the body illuminates
their connections to philosophical thought experiments, and their meaning
with regard to personhood and embodiment. The paradox of the naked
brain is that, ultimately, its filmic performance requires fully embodied
characters; while films may begin by assuming that “we are our brains,”
their narrative and visual development ends up questioning or nuancing
this initial assumption.
Personal Survival
Authors: Vidal Fernando
Published: March 2022

This chapter discusses pictures that enact brain transplantation as means
for realizing personal immortality, and addresses such questions as: To
what extent do brains sustain personal continuity? Which challenges
await A’s brain in B’s body? What happens with these transgenerational
(and occasionally interracial) brains? Given the closeness of some filmic,
mythical, and literary materials with regard to fantasies of longevity
and immortality, the chapter includes a small sample of the latter since
antiquity. It nonetheless focuses on the filmic performance of the paradox
inherent in the desire to transcend the body by retaining one’s brain
through consecutive re-embodiments. Case studies include The Man
Who Changed His Mind (1936), Change of Mind (1969), and The Man With
the Transplanted Brain (1971).
Brothers and Rebels
Authors: Grimm Jannis Julien
Published: March 2022

This chapter retraces the lead-up to the Tamarod uprising on June 30, 2013,
and the ouster of President Mursi. It illustrates how the “quiet entente”
between the army and the Muslim Brotherhood, the two most powerful
organized players in post-Mubarak Egypt, had tarnished the new
president’s image from the start. The conflicted interactions between his
administration and an alliance of opposition players during a phase of
rapid political transition cemented the image of an Islamist president who
attempted to monopolize his grip on power. In this context, a new powerful
player emerged in the shape of the Tamarod campaign. Its performative
disruption of the status quo through mass protest on June 30 brought
the government crisis to the fore and paved the way for a military coup.
New Sheriff in Town
Authors: Grimm Jannis Julien
Published: March 2022

The events of Rabaa heralded a swift authoritarian rollback. This chapter
covers the post-Rabaa period and reconstructs the emergence of a new
nationalist consensus that enabled the restoration of autocracy in Egypt. It
illustrates how several players who had supported Mursi’s ouster promoted
a securitizing discourse centred on national defense to counterweigh the
Islamists’ claim to democratic legitimacy. After Rabaa, this discourse
allowed for the rehabilitation of the armed forces as folk heroes and
the ascension of a military General to the presidency. The nationalist
underpinnings of this nascent constellation, at the same time, created the
discursive conditions for an unprecedented restriction of public space, thus
changing the rules and parameters of the principal arenas of contentious
politics in Egypt.
Destruction II: World
Authors: Stapleton Erin K.
Published: March 2022

Global destruction, and the media that imagines it are considered here from
two opposing perspectives. First, the explosive potential of architectural
destruction is examined in a comparison between disaster cinema, and the
mediatization of September 11, 2001. This reveals the aesthetic distinction and
tension between the destruction of a single monument, and the destruction
of the reliability of spatial relations in general. The mode of global destruction
is then reversed in an investigation of the ‘Last Man’ narrative phenomenon.
Beginning with Mary Shelley’s novel, and progressing through the cinematic
fascination with empty streets, the ‘Last Man’ achieves unbearable immortality
through extinction, defined here as the destruction of everyone else.
Introduction
Authors: Løvlie Anders Sundnes , Waern Annika
Published: March 2022

Introduces the concept of hybrid museum experiences, why it is timely, and
presents the major theme of the book: How to make museum experiences
more personally and socially meaningful through the use of technology.
Your Stories – A Life Cycle Analysis
Authors: Rajkowska Paulina
Published: March 2022

This chapter deals with another challenge for hybrid museum experiences:
How can the museum ensure that a hybrid experience continues to
work well once in place, throughout the time that the system is in place?
Through a study of an augmented reality installation in the National
Museum of Serbia, Belgrade, the chapter discusses the many practical
and organisational challenges involved in creating and maintaining a
hybrid experience over time.
IMPACTO DE LA PANDEMIA COVID-19 SOBRE EL PROGRAMA DE TUBERCULOSIS INFANTIL
Authors: Madrid H. Ricardo , Jorquera P. Pablo , Jaramillo M. Yanina
Published: March 2022

Las pandemias siempre han perturbado los sistemas de atención de salud, incluida la prevención y el control de enfermedades endémicas. Esta alteración ha dado lugar a un aumento de la carga de enfermedad en los períodos posteriores a una pandemia. La crisis de salud y económica creada por la actual pandemia COVID-19, así como las medidas de salud pública para detener su propagación, pueden tener un impacto en la transmisión, diagnóstico, tratamiento, prevención y control de la tuberculosis (TBC). Los niños son un grupo vulnerable especialmente propenso a sufrir parte del daño. Es necesario recuperar cuanto antes las actividades de pesquisa, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la TBC de manera de disminuir el impacto que la pandemia por Covid19 tendrá en la morbimortalidad por TBC.
Securing AI: How Traditional Vulnerability Disclosure Must Adapt
Authors: Lohn Andrew , Hoffman Wyatt
Published: March 2022

Like traditional software, vulnerabilities in machine learning software can lead to sabotage or information leakages. Also like traditional software, sharing information about vulnerabilities helps defenders protect their systems and helps attackers exploit them. This brief examines some of the key differences between vulnerabilities in traditional and machine learning systems and how those differences can affect the vulnerability disclosure and remediation processes.
COVID-19 lockdown impact on Tunisian consumer behaviors and awareness related to food consumption and wastage during celebrations: Case of study “Ramadan month”
Authors: Ben Ismail Hanen , Jribi Sarra , Doggui Darine , Debbabi Hajer
Published: March 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic deeply marked 2020 at different scales: socially, economically, and environmentally. Accordingly, several changes were observed at these different scales. Aims: This study aimed to highlight changes induced by COVID-19 lockdown on consumer behaviors and awareness related to food consumption and wastage during a celebration period, Ramadan in Tunisia. Methodology: An online survey on 317 respondents (71.6% women and 28.4% men) was carried out during the first 15 days of Ramadan season and was focused on demographic data, awareness and attitudes toward food waste, food purchase and consumption habits. Results: Although the COVID-19 has impaired the construction of Iftar menus, 53.9% of respondents have kept preparing, overcooking and consuming traditional meals. Interestingly about 66% claimed decreasing food waste this year. Conclusion: Results of this study have clearly established that time of crisis has led to virtuous consumers’ behaviors and attitudes, in place of consumerist practices, during Ramadan celebration season.

Keywords: COVID-19 Lockdown, Ramadan, consumer’s behavior, leftover, food waste.
THE RELATION BETWEEN DIRECT PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION SYSTEM WITH THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Authors: Sugara Abbas Raga
Published: March 2022

Many criticized RPJP-RPJMN as the national development plan for suffering a setback. From a historical view, a comparison to GBHN is inevitable as the main argument is through the GBHN, the direction and purpose of the government wheel journey will be easier to understand so that it is quite easy to correct the level of success and achievement that is inscribed by a government in power. The problem is whether the direct presidential election system is being implemented today is the reason why GBHN is removed as a national development plan? The study is analyzed through pure legal research. The result is that the amendment to the 1945 Constitution in Article 6A determines that the Presidential election is directly elected by the people has implications for the abolition of GBHN in Article 3 of the 1945 Constitution.
META-ANALISIS PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP METAKOGNISI SISWA
Authors: Nishfiya Ramdoniati
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The article describes meta-analysis result of Problem Based Learning (PBL) model to improve student’s metacognition. The meta-analysis method in this study is based on Hunter Schmidt calculations. The unit of analysis in this study are written documents about PBL model research on metacognition in the form of article journal that are taken provosive sampling based on conformity with the research theme. The sample in this study amounted to 850 students. This study was found that there are the impact of problem based learning model on metacognition with the value of effect size is 0.56 and the confidence interval is 0.09 to 1.03. Futher, the impact of incorrect sampling is relatively small at 1.23%.
Temperature Coefficients of Direct Voltage Reference Standards at National Research Council Canada
Authors:   National Research Council Canada, Granger G. , Prevost Chantal
Published: March 2022

We experimentally determine the temperature coefficients of direct voltage reference standards known as Fluke model 732B at the National Research Council Canada. Two units, used as references, are maintained at ambient temperature for the entire measurement duration of 4 weeks. Ambient conditions are monitored using calibrated environmental data loggers. The standards under test are placed into a temperature-regulated air bath, where calibrated environmental data loggers monitor bath conditions near the voltage terminals and near the thermistor terminals. The following quantities are measured: voltage difference between standard under test and reference standard for both 10 V and 1.018 V channels, thermistor resistance of all standards, environmental conditions both inside and outside the air bath. The air bath temperature is set to stay on alternate weeks at higher and lower temperatures following the sequence (25, 20, 25, 20) °C. The ambient temperature is between 21 and 22 °C. The entire process is repeated a second time with the locations of the standards under tests and reference standards inverted. Data analysis consists of calculating the average temperature-induced voltage and resistance changes and dividing the results by the measured temperature change to obtain the temperature coefficients. A detailed uncertainty analysis is performed. The results are compared to manufacturer specifications. The majority of our standards are better than specifications, even when taking into account the measurement uncertainties. Such experiments are beneficial, as they allow the identification of the standards with the smallest temperature coefficients to be used as direct voltage reference in client calibration services. The results can be combined into a thermistor resistance coefficient, which can be used to provide a quantitative estimate for the size of the largest temperature-induced change of resistance that has negligible effect on the voltage outputs for a given tolerance level.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJAR PQ4R UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA KLAS VIII
Authors: HANDAYANI PRIHATIN
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the study was to increase student activity and learning outcomes with the PQ4R learning method, the research design of the CAR model. Subjects and research data in class VIII SMP N2 Kepil. It was carried out in two cycles, the first cycle with the PQ4R Model randomly grouping students, worksheets from the textbook, all activities were recorded in the student book. The second cycle of the PQ4R Model learning grouping is separated by boys and girls, worksheets are prepared by the teacher. Data collection on learning activity by observation, data collection on learning outcomes with UH value at the end of the cycle. Data analysis was carried out by describing data from observations and questionnaires into qualitative data. The data were obtained from the observation of learning activities and the learning outcomes data from the UH scores at the end of the first cycle and the second cycle simultaneously. Judging from the observations of partner teachers (observers), the results of observation assessments, daily test assessments and by analyzing the results of the Daily Test (UH) and analyzing the results of observations of learning activities, there is a difference between cycle 1 and cycle 2. so it can be concluded that the PQ4R learning model can improve learning activities and student learning outcomes
ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar siswa dengan metode pembelajaran PQ4R, Rancangan penelitian model PTK. Subyek dan data penelitian di klas VIII SMP N2 Kepil. Dilaksanakan dengan dua siklus, siklus pertama dengan Model PQ4R pengelompokan siswa secara acak, lembar kerja dari buku paket, semua kegiatan dicatat di buku siswa. Siklus ke-dua Model PQ4R pengelompokkan belajar dipisahkan putra dengan putri, lembar kerja disiapkan oleh guru. Pengambilan data keaktifan belajar dengan observasi, pengambilan data hasil belajar dengan nilai UH akhir siklus. Analisa data dilakukan dengan mendiskripsikan data dari hasil pengamatan dan angket menjadi data kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari observasi aktifitas pembelajaran dan data hasil belajar dari nilai UH akhir siklus I dan siklus II secara simultan. Ditinjau dari pengamatan guru mitra (observer) , hasil penilaian observasi, penilaian ulangan harian dan dengan menganalisa hasil Ulangan Harian(UH) maupun menganalisa hasil observasi keaktifan belajar, ada perbedaan antara siklus 1 dan siklus 2. sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Model pembelaran PQ4R dapat meningkatkan aktifitas belajar maupun hasil belajar peserta didik
भारत में महिलाओं के कानूनी अधिकार
Authors: श्रीवास्तव डॉ. रजनी
Published: March 2022

भारतीय संविधान देश के सभी नागरिकों के लिए अवसर की समानता एवं सामाजिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक न्याय का संरक्षण करता है। इन संवैधानिक अधिकारों के अतिरिक्त पिछले कुछ वर्षों में भारत सरकार ने उपेक्षित लोगों के लिए सरकार समर्थित अनुदानों को सुनिश्चित करने के लिए विशेष बल दिया और इसके लिए विभिन्न ऐतिहासिक कानूनों का निर्माण किया गया है। इन कानूनों का निर्माण अधिकार आधारित अवधारणा के आधार पर किया गया है जो अत्यंत प्रगतिशील एवं सराहनीय है। हमारे समाज में महिलाएं शिक्षित होते हुए भी अपने अधिकारों से अनभिज्ञ है। भारतीय समाज में महिलाओं का एक बड़ा वर्ग आज भी अपने कानूनी अधिकारों के प्रति जागरूक नहीं है। वर्तमान समय में महिलाएं कामयाबी की बुलंदियों को छू रही हैं प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में अपनी विद्वता का लोहा मनवा रही हैं। इन सब के बावजूद महिलाओं पर होने वाले अत्याचार जैसे- बलात्कार, प्रताड़ना, शोषण आदि में कोई कमी नहीं आई है। प्रगतिशील कानूनों के बावजूद अति अपेक्षित और हाशिए पर जीने वाले लोग विशेषकर महिलाएं कानून द्वारा संरक्षित अपने जायज हकों को प्राप्त नहीं कर पा रही हैं।
‘आधी दुनिया’ पत्रिका में आदिवासी लेखन और स्त्रीवादी सरोकार
Authors: अम्बेडकर रजनीश कुमार
Published: March 2022

‘आधी दुनिया’ पत्रिका राँची, झारखंड से निकलती है। यह पत्रिका आदिवासी क्षेत्रों में काफी प्रसिद्ध है। पहले दौर की पत्रिकाओं में स्त्रियों के आचरण, घर-गृहस्थी की साज-सज्जा, यौन शुचिता और स्त्री-शिक्षा संबंधित लेख छपते थे। दूसरे, दौर में ‘स्त्री-दर्पण’ सरीखी पत्रिकाओं के लेखों और संपादकीयों में स्त्रियों को स्त्रियोचित भूमिकाओं तक ही सीमित रखने का विरोध किया गया। तीसरे, दौर में ‘स्त्री धर्म’ और ‘चाँद’ सरीखी पत्रिकाओं में स्वाधीनता आंदोलन में स्त्रियों को भागीदारी के लिए प्रेरित किया गया और ‘चाँद’ में तो स्त्री को बौद्धिक चेतना संपन्न व्यक्ति मानकर पुरुषों के समकक्ष रखकर देखने की वकालत भी की गयी। स्त्रीवादी पत्रिकाओं के इस तेवर को आगे चलकर ‘आधी दुनिया’ पत्रिका में देखा जा सकता है।
Beyond the Current Discourse: Addressing the Judicial Question of Death Penalty in India
Authors: S Mohan Arjun
Published: March 2022

It is observed that whenever a heinous crime happens, the public outcry for the death penalty is very vocal in the social realm of India. Though there are several discussions around this, from de-institutionalism to judicial questions, a sociological analysis of the public response is identified as a research gap by the author. In light of this, the research attempts to analyse the public response to the discourse of capital punishment in India. This paper refers to two important cases in the history of the Indian judiciary to define the principles of the 'rarest of the rare' and circumstantial crime. This is primarily an attempt to provide an easy narrative to understand why the Indian judiciary still does not avoid sentencing the death penalty to the convicts. This short article uses certain important cases and some popular theories from an ethnocentric viewpoint in making the sociological analysis.
An optimal estimation-based retrieval of upper atmospheric oxygen airglow and temperature from SCIAMACHY limb observations
Authors: Sun Kang , Yousefi Mahdi , Chan Miller Christopher , Chance Kelly , González Abad Gonzalo , Gordon Iouli E. , Liu Xiong , O'Sullivan Ewan , Sioris Christopher E. , Wofsy Steven C.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. An optimal estimation-based algorithm is developed to retrieve number density of excited oxygen (O2) molecules that generate airglow emissions near 0.76 μm (A band) and 1.27 μm (1Δ band) in the upper atmosphere. Both oxygen bands are important for the remote sensing of greenhouse gases. The algorithm is applied to the limb spectra observed by the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) instrument in both nominal (tangent heights below ~90 km) and mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) modes (tangent heights spanning 50–150 km). The number densities of emitting O2 in the 1Δ band are retrieved in an altitude range of 25–100 km near daily in 2010, providing a climatology of O2 1Δ band airglow emission. This climatology will help disentangle airglow from backscattered light in nadir remote sensing of the 1Δ band. The global monthly distributions of the vertical column loading of emitting O2 in 1Δ state show mainly latitudinal dependence without other discernible geographical patterns. Temperature profiles are retrieved simultaneously from the spectral shapes of the 1Δ band airglow emission in the nominal limb mode and from both 1Δ and A band airglow emissions in the MLT mode. The temperature retrievals from both airglow bands are consistent internally and in agreement with independent observations from ACE-FTS and MIPAS with absolute mean bias near or below 5 K and root mean squared error (RMSE) near or below 10 K. The retrieved emitting O2 number density and temperature provide a unique dataset for remote sensing of greenhouse gases and constraining the chemical and physical processes in the upper atmosphere.
Variations in dissolved and particulate organic carbon dynamics in the lower Changjiang River on time scales from seasonal to decades
Authors: Ming Yue , Gao Lei , Guo Laodong
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Time series water samples were collected monthly between November 2016 and June 2019 from the Lower Changjiang (Yangtze) River at the Xuliujing station, representing the end-member freshwater exported to the ocean, in addition to monthly samples from November 2019 to January 2020 during an extreme drought event. Concentrations of dissolved (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) as well as the stable isotopic composition of POC and PN (particulate nitrogen) were measured to elucidate their seasonal variations. Ultrafiltration was also conducted for selected samples to separate the bulk DOC into four different size-fractions to further examine changes in the molecular weight distribution of DOC. The seasonal variations of POC were characterized with higher proportions of autochthonous components in summer and lower proportions in winter on the basis of POC contents (% of total suspended particulate matter), δ13C, δ15N, and POC/PN values. The size spectra of DOC also illustrated a distinct seasonal variation pattern, although the different responses to different seasons were also shown between HMW- (high-molecular-weight) and LMW- (low-molecular-weight) DOC compounds. The strong correlation of δ13C values between HMW-DOC and POC suggested their close relationships in terms of origin and composition. Together with available literature data, DOC concentrations, POC (%), δ13C, and δ15N all showed a significant increase over the past decades, likely resulting from increase in the proportion of autochthonous organic components owing to intensified human activities and global warming in the river basin.
Cosmogenic nuclide weathering biases: Corrections and potential for denudation and weathering rate measurements
Authors: Ott Richard F. , Gallen Sean F. , Granger Darryl E.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Cosmogenic radionuclides (CRNs) are the standard tool to derive centennial-to-millennial timescale denudation rates, however, it has been demonstrated that chemical weathering in some settings can bias CRNs as a proxy for landscape denudation. Currently, studies investigating CRN weathering biases have mostly focused on the largely insoluble target mineral quartz in felsic lithologies. Here, we examine the response of CRN build-up for both soluble and insoluble target minerals under different weathering scenarios. We assume a simple box model in which bedrock is converted to regolith at a constant rate, and denudation occurs by regolith erosion and weathering either in the regolith or along the regolith-bedrock interface, as is common in carbonate bedrock. We show that weathering along the regolith-bedrock interface increases CRN concentrations compared to a no-weathering case, and how independently derived weathering rates or degrees can be used to correct for this bias. If weathering is concentrated within the regolith, insoluble target minerals will have a longer regolith residence time and higher nuclide concentration than soluble target minerals. This bias can be identified and corrected using paired nuclide measurements coupled with knowledge of either the bedrock or regolith mineralogy to derive denudation and long-term weathering rates. Similarly, single nuclide denudation measurements can be corrected if a weathering rate and compositional data are available. Our model highlights that for soluble target minerals, the relationship between nuclide accumulation and denudation is not monotonic. We use this understanding to map the conditions of regolith mass, weathering, and denudation rates at which weathering corrections for cosmogenic nuclides become large and ambiguous as well as identify environments in which the bias is mostly negligible, and CRN concentrations reliably reflect landscape denudation. We highlight how measurements of CRNs from soluble target minerals, coupled with bedrock and regolith mineralogy, can help to expand the range of landscapes for which centennial-to-millennial timescale denudation and weathering rates can be obtained.