bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Changes in Relative Value Scale and Frequency of Surgery and Procedures in Surgery Departments Over the Past 18 Years: Secondary Publication
Authors: Cho Jae Hoon , Lee Sei Young , Lee Seung Hoon , Mun Seog-Kyun , Chang Jung Hyun , Park Chan-Soon
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the 18- year change in the relative value scale (RVS) in otolaryngology in relation to other surgical departments so as to help make future policy decisions.Subjects and Method Data on RVSs and addition rates, the deparments of main managed care, frequency of practice, and number of specialists were collected for all surgeries and procedures conducted in 2004, 2008, 2013, 2018, and 2022. Among these, an analysis was conducted for nine surgical departments. The number of surgeries and procedure items, the median value of the RVS, and the usage amount (i.e., RVS of all items multiplied by the frequency of surgeries and procedures) were calculated.Results Over the past 18 years, the increase in the number of surgeries, procedure items and RVS in otolaryngology has grown smaller than that in other surgical departments, and the usage has decreased very sharply; in essence, the usage per specialist has actually decreased compared to 18 years ago.Conclusion Compared to other departments, RVS in otorhinolaryngology has shown very little change over the past period of 18 years. It is necessary to reasonably increase the currently undervalued RVS in otorhinolaryngology, particularly focusing on surgeries and procedures.
Determinants of Sovereign Credit Rating in BRICS, G7 and NEXT11 Countries: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Alber Nader , Massoud Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This paper tries to investigate the determinants of sovereign credit ratings from 2016 to 2020. This has been conducted using S&P, Fitch and Moody’s ratings in 23 countries, including G7 (i.e. Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and United States), BRICS (i.e.  Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) and NEXT11 (i.e. Bangladesh, Egypt, Philippines, South Korea, Turkey, Vietnam, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria and Pakistan). Using panel analysis according to GMM technique, results reveal the importance of macroeconomic variables in explaining the sovereign credit rating, where GDP per Capita, GDP Growth, Economic Growth, External Debt, Unemployment Rate, Foreign Reserves and Inflation Rate seem to have significant effects on sovereign credit rating. In addition, robustness checks - using country types as control variables – have supported the significant effects of macroeconomic variables in explaining the sovereign credit rating, with explanation power ranged from 71.1% to 92.5%. Country type seems to have different effects, where including in G7 may have a negative effect on S&P rating, while including in BRICS may have a negative effect on Fitch rating. In addition, including in NEXT11 may have a positive effect on Moody’s rating. This needs to be more elaborated using additional analysis for each country, where investors and policymakers may consider the potential changes in credit rating when taking investment decisions and reviewing market regulations.
Contextualization of the Umminess of the Prophet Muhammad in the Qur’an: an Analysis of the Burhani Epistemology of Muhammad Abed Al-Jabiri
Authors: Basid Abd. , Soleh Achmad Khudori
Published: December 2024

Prophet Muhammad was a perfect person in all things. His character, attitude, and intellectuality cannot be determined by anyone. Because of his profession, he received the title of Al-Amin, because of his morality he was known as a person with noble character and an example, and because of his intelligence, he could master language intelligence, arithmetic, memorization, visual intelligence, vision intelligence, and intelligence in solving problems. But behind all that, Prophet Muhammad was known as an ummi, meaning he could not read and write. Is a perfect person worthy of having an ummi personality? This study aims to explain the concept of the ummi of the Prophet Muhammad by observing the epistemology of Burhani Muhammad Abed Al-Jabiri. It is hoped that later it can produce a conclusion that successfully recontextualizes the meaning of ummi so that the existence of the Prophet Muhammad is truly very important. His greatness and glory can factually fulfill the four mandatory characteristics of the apostle. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach that is library-based and the data analysis used is descriptive. The results of this study indicate that the existence of the Prophet Muhammad as an ummi is that he did not know and understand the contents of the Bible at all. However, the revelation of the Qur'an that he received had many similarities in content, such as previous stories. The results of this conclusion then became a re-contextualization of the meaning of ummi, because if until now ummi is still interpreted as illiterate, it does not change that the Prophet Muhammad was stupid and backward and contradicts one of the mandatory characteristics that must be possessed by a Messenger, namely fathanah (intelligent).
Typology of Psychological Violence in Maqashid Sharia Perspective
Authors: Nasyiah Iffaty , Arifah Risma Nur
Published: December 2024

Psychological violence in the household is a criminal offense that has not been explained with certainty. The PKDRT Law itself only explains the formulation of the consequences of psychological violence. Thus, it is important to create a typology of this form of psychological violence. This is also the case in Islam. This research aims to analyze the typology of psychological violence from the perspective of maqashid sharia. The type of research used is normative legal research with a conceptual approach. The results show that in the perspective of maqashid sharia, the creation of a typology of psychological violence in the household is a necessity that brings maslahah. In the level of benefit, the determination of this guideline becomes very important and occupies the hajjiyat level because it is related to the need to create convenience in overcoming difficulties. In the context of psychological violence, the difficulty that arises is how to detect the form of psychological violence itself. The creation of guidelines regarding the typology of psychological violence creates legal certainty for perpetrators and victims, realizing justice and legal protection for victims.
Calamity in Qur'anic Perspective: an Examination of Asy-Syarawi's Tafsir and its Relevance in The Modern Era
Authors: Abror Wahyu , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: December 2024

This study aims to explore Asy-Sya’rawi's view of calamity as a form of test, warning, or Allah's compassion for his servants, as well as how human responses should ideally be formed based on Qur'anic values. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive method with text analysis on the tafsir of Asy-Sya’rawi's, a prominent mufassir known for his in-depth approach to the meanings of the Al-Qur'an. The results show that Asy-Syarawi's interpretation offers a holistic explanation of calamity, which is not only seen as a negative event but also as a means of introspection and spiritual quality improvement. In the modern era, this concept is relevant to building a resilient attitude, maintaining emotional balance, and strengthening social solidarity in the midst of various challenges such as natural disasters, pandemics, and global crises. This study also underlines the importance of implementing Qur'anic values in dealing with disasters, including patience, tawakal, and optimism. Thus, Asy-Syarawi's tafsir makes a significant contribution in offering a Qur'anic perspective that is contextual and applicable to dealing with disasters in the modern era. This research provides new insights by highlighting the understanding of calamity through Asy-Syarawi's interpretation which emphasises that calamity is not only a test or punishment, but also a form of God's love to educate humans. Different from previous studies that often focus on theological or social aspects separately, this research combines both to provide a more complete view. Tafsir Asy-Syarawi's emphasises the importance of patience, tawakkala and introspection in dealing with disasters, as well as their relevance in the modern era in overcoming challenges such as pandemics, natural disasters and social crises. This research offers practical Qur'anic-based solutions to help individuals and communities face disasters with a more resilient and optimistic attitude.
PERFORMANCE OF THE SOCIAL SERVICE IN REDUCING THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITH SOCIAL WELFARE PROBLEMS (PMKS) FOR ABANDONED ELDERLY IN JAMBI CITY, JAMBI PROVINCE
Authors: Marlina Lina , Arliyanti Bella
Published: December 2024

The number of displaced elderly people in Jambi City is still quite high so this research has an urgency to examine the performance of social services in dealing with these problems. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the performance of social services in reducing the number of Persons with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS) for neglected elderly in Jambi City, Jambi Province. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the performance of the Social Service in reducing the number of Persons with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS) for the Neglected Elderly in Jambi City. The research method employed was qualitative. The results show that the Jambi City Social Service shows varying aspects of productivity, with challenges in HR competence and implementation of training programs, while facilities and infrastructure are considered good. The service quality aspect of the Jambi City Social Service is classified as good, with punctuality and adequate attitude of officers, although there are challenges in the comfort of the place and certainty of costs. The responsiveness aspect of the Jambi City Social Service in meeting community needs is quite good, but there are obstacles to community satisfaction related to the availability of assistance and the fulfillment of complaint reports. The internal supervision of the Jambi City Social Service is considered quite effective with good coordination with various related parties to deal with the Displaced Elderly. In conclusion, the Performance of the Social Service in Reducing the Number of Persons with Social Welfare Problems (PMKS) for the Neglected Elderly in Jambi City, Jambi Province is quite good.
Keywords: Performance, Social Welfare, People with Social Welfare Problems
Analisis Collaborative Governance pada Mal Pelayanan Publik di Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Nurnawati Eem , Sabaruddin Sabaruddin , Nurrahman Agung
Published: December 2024

Mal Pelayanan Publik merupakan salah satu wujud dari konsep collaborative governance. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya, Mal Pelayanan Publik di Kota Banda Aceh masih menghadapi permasalahan terkait sumber daya manusia IT dan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran umum dan menganalisis collaborative governance pada Mal Pelayanan Publik di Kota Banda Aceh. Metode penelitian adalah kuasi kualitatif dengan menggunakan software NviVo 12 dalam pengolahan datanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pelaksanaan Mal Pelayanan Publik di Kota Banda Aceh menggambarkan bahwa DPMPTSP Kota Banda Aceh dapat mengenali kebutuhan masyarakat yang perlu diimbangi dengan pemanfaatan teknologi. Adanya dukungan teknologi dari Diskominfo dan komitmen positif dari kepala daerah memberikan peluang yang luas bagi penerapan MPP di Kota Banda Aceh. Tahapan strategi debat yang memengaruhi menunjukkan adanya pemerintahan daerah yang adaptif dalam menyesuaikan praktik penerapan Mal Pelayanan Publik di Kota Banda Aceh. Tahap perencanaan tindakan kolaboratif, telah menunjukkan adanya berbagai pihak yang turut berkolaborasi dan kontribusinya memberikan dampak positif bagi penerapan Mal Pelayanan Publik di Kota Banda Aceh. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa collaborative governance Mal Pelayanan Publik di Kota Banda Aceh termasuk dalam kategori baik, namun membutuhkan upaya perbaikan serta peningkatan pada beberapa aspek, diantaranya penguatan prioritas anggaran untuk berkolaborasi dengan Lembaga IT dan memperbaiki infrastruktur pendukung layanan.
Kata Kunci: Collaborative Governance, Digitalisasi Pelayanan, Mal Pelayanan Publik.
Evaluasi Kebijakan Clearance Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik, Studi Pada: Kementerian dan Lembaga
Authors: Hendiyani Mesy Faridah , Fansuri Hamzah
Published: December 2024

Kebijakan evaluasi belanja SPBE instansi pusat dalam rangka pemberian rekomendasi (clearance) telah berjalan sejak tahun anggaran 2021 hingga saat ini. Kebijakan clearance diselenggarakan dalam rangka mewujudkan keterpaduan perencanaan penganggaran belanja SPBE kementerian dan lembaga sehingga menjadi lebih terarah, efisien, dan efektif. Untuk melihat apakah kebijakan clearance tersebut berhasil mencapai tujuan dari penerapan kebijakannya, perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap kebijakan. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori evaluasi kebijakan dari Dunn (2000) dengan melihat dimensi efektivitas, efisiensi, kecukupan, pemerataan, responsivitas, dan ketepatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa penerapan kebijakan clearance pada dimensi efektivitas telah berhasil mewujudkan keterpaduan perencanaan dan penganggaran SPBE, dimana perencanaan dan penganggaran SPBE dilaksanakan berpedoman kepada Arsitektur dan Peta Rencana SPBE. Pada dimensi efisiensi, kebijakan clearance mampu menurunkan potensi penggunaan sumber daya anggaran yang saling overlapping. Pada dimensi kecukupan ditemukan bahwa kebijakan clearance tidak cukup untuk diterapkan pada kementerian dan lembaga saja, namun perlu diterapkan di pemerintah daerah. Pada dimensi pemerataan ditemukan bahwa tidak semua kementerian dan lembaga dilakukan clearance. Hal tersebut disebabkan pengajuan clearance dilakukan secara mandiri oleh masing-masing instansi sehingga kecenderungan untuk tidak mengajukan sangat tinggi. Pada dimensi responsivitas, pelaksanaan kebijakan ini masih perlu ditingkatkan responsivitasnya dilihat dari beberapa pengajuan yang melebihi durasi Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) 15 hari kerja untuk penyelesaian setiap pengajuan clearance. Pada dimensi ketepatan, ditemukan bahwa kebijakan clearance relevan dengan prinsip SPBE yaitu efektivitas dan efisiensi.     
 
Kata Kunci: Evaluasi Kebijakan, Clearance, Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik, Efisiensi.
Open Government Analysis: A Case From Banggai
Authors: Afandi Syed Agung , Erdayani Rizki , Afandi Muslim
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyze the bibliometrics of Banggai open government and the policy content of Banggai Regency in implementing open government. This research uses a qualitative approach with bibliometric analysis and content analysis methods. This research uses secondary data sourced from google scholar and Banggai government policy documents. The results of this research show that there are 130 studies, 786 citations, 14 h-index, and 24 g-index. This shows that this study is in demand and has high productivity. There are 1242 total link strengths, 456 occurrences, 104 items, and 12 clusters. Themes that rarely receive attention are standard data, collaboration, the private sector, inclusiveness, and data publication. These themes have the potential to be studied in the future. There is harmony between the dominant themes and Banggai government policies. The themes that dominate are Banggai one data, participatory waste management, integrated agricultural systems, and pregnant women services. Meanwhile, Banggai government policies include online services for pregnant women, participatory waste management, Banggai One Data, and the utilization of yards through an integrated agricultural system. This shows that the role of researchers is very large in implementing open government in Banggai district.
Peningkatan Keunggulan Bersaing Sebagai Upaya Perluasan Pangsa Pasar Dan Menghadapi Era 5.0
Authors: Ningsih Lilis Sugi Rahayu , Arifyanto A. Fakhri , Santoso Rohmad Prio
Published: December 2024

Perubahan tanpa adanya prediksi mengakibatkan tekanan yang cukup tinggi untuk melakukan upaya perubahan inovasi yang dapat melanjutkan kembali kegiatan penjualan di UMKM Micro GO khususnya di Komunitas UMKM Micro GO. Kebangkitan Komunitas UMKM Micro GO dalam kondisi Pandemi Covid-19 membutuhkan sinergi yang kuat untuk dapat memulihkan kondisi. Peran sinergi ini tidak hanya pemerintah dan pelaku UMKM, tetapi juga akademisi, lembaga keuangan dan kebijakan yang mendukung kebangkitan UMKM. Pengenalan upaya pemanfaatan bisnis melalui online/digitalisasi menjadi upaya yang signifikan untuk memulihkan kondisi UMKM Micro GO Community yang mengalami dampak negatif pandemi. Keunggulan kompetitif dalam kondisi pandemi membutuhkan kekuatan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sebuah produk memiliki value proposition yang dapat menjadikan produk tersebut unggul, sekaligus sebagai upaya memperluas pangsa pasar dan kesiapan dalam menghadapi era 5.0.
Assessing the relationship between pigs’ stress resilience and their behavior in response to weaning
Authors: Lee Bora , Luttman Andrea M. , Ernst Catherine W. , Raney Nancy E. , Oh Soyeong , Siegford Janice M.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

As pigs are exposed to multiple stressors in production systems, we must understand their ability to be resilient to a range of environmental challenges to maintain production and welfare. Stress-resilience (SR) is the capacity to cope with and recover from stressors while maintaining healthy emotional functioning. In contrast, stress-vulnerability (SV) contributes to and predicts the onset and persistence of mood disorders and pathological processes following exposure to stress.

Methods

52 focal gilts were identified through a physiological marker (cortisol) in a previous study to compare resilience to weaning stress and behavioral responses at weaning. Within pigs’ home pen, we observed agonistic behavior, non-agonistic social behavior, and daily maintenance behaviors. Behavior was observed over two 4-hour periods (6 AM to 10 AM): one (D1) and four days post-weaning (D4).

Results

On D1, SV pigs displayed a higher average frequency of non-injurious contact behavior (P = 0.0198) compared to SR pigs, while SR pigs exhibited a significantly longer average duration of lying behavior (P = 0.018) compared to SV. On D4, SV pigs exhibited a significantly longer duration of fighting behavior (P = 0.025) on average compared to SR pigs. Additionally, a significant effect of time on behavioral adaptation patterns was observed. On D1 post-weaning, pigs spent more time fighting (P < 0.001) and exploring (P < 0.001) and showed more frequent non-injurious contact (P = 0.029) and drinking behaviors (P < 0.001) compared to D4. Conversely, on D4, pigs spent more time feeding (P = 0.005) and lying (P < 0.001) compared to D1.

Discussion

Our findings imply that non-injurious contact and lying behaviors immediately after weaning and fighting behavior several days later may be promising indicators of pigs’ ability to be resilient to the stress associated with weaning. However, to better understand how pigs change their behavior in response to the stress of weaning, we need standard approaches for measuring their behavior and evaluating the degree of change. Understanding behavioral variation between SR and SV pigs can facilitate the development of resilience indexes that could be helpful in breeding programs, facilitating the selection of resilient pigs that overcome challenges associated with weaning.
Biomass yield, nutritional composition, preservation techniques of Moringa oleifera, and the effect of M. oleifera silage on the milk production and quality of local Red Chittagong cattle
Authors: Islam Md Tarequl , Sultana Nasrin , Bashar Muhammad Khairul , Miah Manik , Hasan Md. Shamim
Published: December 2024

This experiment aimed to evaluate the biomass yield, nutritional composition, preservation techniques of Moringa oleifera, and the effect of M. oleifera silage on the milk production and quality of local Red Chittagong cattle (RCC). Four varieties of M. oleifera were planted, cultivated, and harvested on the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) research farm. The findings revealed the highest biomass yield in Paraynal varieties (11.24 ± 0.41 tons/ha/year) compared to others. The maximum DM percentage was found in PKM-2 (21.85 ± 1.65) followed by the PKM-1 (21.38 ± 1.98), Paraynal (20.17 ± 2.35), and Black (17.81 ± 1.28) varieties. The study observed greater crude protein (CP) percentage in Black varieties (18.07 ± 0.18) compared to other varieties. A feeding trial was conducted on 10 RCC native dairy cows. Two groups were considered: one was the control (T0) group fed the German grass and concentrate mixture, and the other was the treatment (T1) group fed the moringa silage and concentrate mixture. Each group consisted of five lactating RCC. Moringa oleifera was collected from the BLRI research farm and chopped for silage preparation. The pH of moringa silage was 4.07 ± 0.02, which ensured good quality. There was no significant difference in total DM intake, but the total CP intake (0.55 kg/day) was significantly higher in the control group and the total ME intake was significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the other group. The T1 group increased milk yield by approximately 14.2%. Milk composition was not significantly (P > 0.05) different between the two groups, whereas milk fat significantly differed. Milk fat was slightly higher in the T1 group and the difference between the groups was 0.46%. Moringa silage increased PUFA, linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), arachidonic acid (C20:0), and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:1) and decreased SFA and MUFA in milk. It was concluded that moringa silage feeding will be a good source of nutrients for livestock to maintain their good health and productivity.
A new therapy for microcystic lymphatic malformations: the combination of intralesional laser thermolysis and percutaneous sclerotherapy
Authors: Wu Zhiping , Zou Yun , Fu Ronghua , Cheng Jun , Bai Hanxiang , Huang Mengyu , Yuan Hua
Published: December 2024

Background

Over the past few decades, percutaneous sclerotherapy has been proven to be efficacy in treating macrocystic lymphatic malformations (LMs). Unfortunately, there still remains challenging in the treatment of microcystic LMs given their size. We introduce the intralesional laser thermolysis (ILT) technique, a novel enhancement technique for the traditional percutaneous sclerotherapy in the treatment of microcystic LMs.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of children with microcystic LMs treated using ILT combined with percutaneous sclerotherapy was done. All patients underwent clinically and cross-sectional imaging to assess response to treatment.

Results

Between January 2020 and April 2022, 16 consecutive patients (female/male ratio: 7:9; average age, 32.6 months; range: 6 months to 16 years) with microcystic LMs received treatment with ILT combined with percutaneous sclerotherapy. A total of twenty-six sessions of combination therapy were performed, with a mean number of sessions per patient of 1.6 (±0.7), ranging from 1 to 3 sessions. The follow-up time ranged from 6 to 24 months, with a mean of 15.8 (±6.3) months. Almost all patients showed significant improvement after the combination therapy. No major complications were observed. Minor complications included circumscribed skin blisters, postoperative non-infectious fever, transient skin edema, pigmentation, and slight depressions of localized skin.

Conclusion

The treatment of intralesional laser thermolysis combined with traditional sclerotherapy is considered as a safe, feasible and effective therapy in treating microcystic LMs.
Machine learning and molecular docking prediction of potential inhibitors against dengue virus
Authors: Hanson George , Adams Joseph , Kepgang Daveson I. B. , Zondagh Luke S. , Tem Bueh Lewis , Asante Andy , Shirolkar Soham A. , Kisaakye Maureen , Bondarwad Hem , Awe Olaitan I.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Dengue Fever continues to pose a global threat due to the widespread distribution of its vector mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. While the WHO-approved vaccine, Dengvaxia, and antiviral treatments like Balapiravir and Celgosivir are available, challenges such as drug resistance, reduced efficacy, and high treatment costs persist. This study aims to identify novel potential inhibitors of the Dengue virus (DENV) using an integrative drug discovery approach encompassing machine learning and molecular docking techniques.

Method

Utilizing a dataset of 21,250 bioactive compounds from PubChem (AID: 651640), alongside a total of 1,444 descriptors generated using PaDEL, we trained various models such as Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, k-nearest neighbors, Logistic Regression, and Gaussian Naïve Bayes. The top-performing model was used to predict active compounds, followed by molecular docking performed using AutoDock Vina. The detailed interactions, toxicity, stability, and conformational changes of selected compounds were assessed through protein-ligand interaction studies, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and binding free energy calculations.

Results

We implemented a robust three-dataset splitting strategy, employing the Logistic Regression algorithm, which achieved an accuracy of 94%. The model successfully predicted 18 known DENV inhibitors, with 11 identified as active, paving the way for further exploration of 2683 new compounds from the ZINC and EANPDB databases. Subsequent molecular docking studies were performed on the NS2B/NS3 protease, an enzyme essential in viral replication. ZINC95485940, ZINC38628344, 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone and ZINC14441502 demonstrated a high binding affinity of −8.1, −8.5, −8.6, and −8.0 kcal/mol, respectively, exhibiting stable interactions with His51, Ser135, Leu128, Pro132, Ser131, Tyr161, and Asp75 within the active site, which are critical residues involved in inhibition. Molecular dynamics simulations coupled with MMPBSA further elucidated the stability, making it a promising candidate for drug development.

Conclusion

Overall, this integrative approach, combining machine learning, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations, highlights the strength and utility of computational tools in drug discovery. It suggests a promising pathway for the rapid identification and development of novel antiviral drugs against DENV. These in silico findings provide a strong foundation for future experimental validations and in-vitro studies aimed at fighting DENV.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluid: a diagnostic approach for varicella zoster virus-related encephalitis
Authors: Tang Jin , Wang Kaimeng , Xu Haoming , Han Jingzhe
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Varicella zoster virus-related encephalitis (VZV-RE) is a rare and often misdiagnosed condition caused by an infection with the VZV. It leads to meningitis or encephalitis, with patients frequently experiencing poor prognosis. In this study, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to rapidly and accurately detect and identify the VZV pathogen directly from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, aiming to achieve a definitive diagnosis for encephalitis patients.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and laboratory evaluations of 28 patients at the Harrison International Peace Hospital in Hebei, China, between 2018 and 2024. These patients were diagnosed with neurological disorders using mNGS techniques applied to CSF.

Results

In this cohort of 28 patients, 11 were females and 17 males, with a median age of 65 (IQR: 42.3-70). VZV-RE presented with a range of clinical manifestations, the most common being headaches (81.2%), fever>38°C (42.9%), and vomiting (42.9%). Less frequent symptoms include personality changes (10.7%), speech impairments (21.4%), cranial nerve involvement (21.4%), altered consciousness (17.9%) and convulsions (3.6%). Herpes zoster rash was observed in 35.7% of the cases. Neurological examination revealed nuchal rigidity in only 5 patients. CSF analysis indicated mild pressure and protein levels increase, with all patients having negative bacterial cultures. Abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings were noted in 10.7% (N=3), and encephalorrhagia on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was observed in 3.6%. VZV-RE was confirmed through mNGS analysis of CSF within three days of admission. All patients received empiric treatment with acyclovir or valacyclovir, with 21.4% receiving hormonotherapy, and 7.14% receiving immunoglobulin therapy. At the three-month follow-up, 10.7% of the patients had persistent neurologic sequelae, and the mortality rate was 3.6%.

Conclusions

Performing mNGS on CSF offers a rapidly and precisely diagnostic method for identifying causative pathogens in patients with VZV central nervous system (CNS) infections, especially when traditional CNS examination results are negative. Furthermore, the cases reported highlight the positive therapeutic effect of ganciclovir in treating VZV infections.
Malignant hypertension: current challenges, prevention strategies, and future perspectives
Authors: Tsige Abate Wondesen , Ayele Siraye Genzeb
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Based on office blood pressure (BP) values, hypertension is categorized into three stages: stage 1 (140–159/90–99 mmHg), stage 2 (160–179/100–109 mmHg), and stage 3 (≥180/≥110 mmHg). Malignant hypertension (MHT) is characterized by extreme BP elevation (systolic blood pressure above 200 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure above 130 mmHg) and acute microvascular damage affecting various organs, particularly the retinas, brain, and kidneys.

Objectives

The pathogenesis, predisposing variables, therapy, and preventive strategies for MHT were examined in this review.

Conclusions and recommendations

Malignant hypertension requires prompt and efficient treatment because it is the most severe kind of hypertension that affects target organs. At the same time, there are a number of alternatives available for treating MHT. The International Society of Hypertension 2020 and European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension 2018 recommendations suggest using labetalol and nicardipine as the first-line choice, with urapidil and nitroprusside serving as alternative medications. Elevated risk of MHT has been linked to many socio-demographic and genetic factors.
Comparison of volumetric analysis between conventional and rotary files in the preparation of root canals in primary molars—an in vitro study
Authors: Vishwanathaiah Satish
Published: December 2024

Background

To compare and evaluate the efficacy of canal preparation and volumetric filling of primary molars instrumented by conventional hand K-file, ProAF baby rotary file and Kedo-S square file using cone beam computed tomography.

Materials and methods

Thirty freshly extracted human primary second molars were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 teeth each. After access opening and working length determination, preoperative volume analysis was done using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The canals were then instrumented by either hand K-files, Pro AF Baby rotary files and Kedo-S square rotary files. Post operative volume analysis was performed using CBCT. All the canals were obturated using Metapex and scanned again using CBCT. Mean values of the pre- and post-operative canal volumes were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Inter- and intra- group volumetric changes were analyzed statistically by post hoc test.

Results

The mean difference in volume after canal preparation and obturation was the highest in the hand K-file group, followed by Pro AF Baby Gold group and the least in the Kedo-S square group. Inter and intra group comparison showed statistically significant differences for all the file groups used.

Conclusion

Kedo- S square showed the least difference in preparation volume and better obturating volume compared to Pro AF baby gold file systems.
How do immune cells shape type 1 diabetes? Insights from Mendelian randomization
Authors: Yu Yunfeng , Yang Xinyu , Deng Juan , Wu Jingyi , Bai Siyang , Yu Rong
Published: December 2024

Objective

The role of immune cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the causal effect of different immune cells on T1D using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

A dataset of immune cell phenotypes (numbered from GCST0001391 to GCST0002121) was obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute, while a T1D dataset (numbered finngen_R10_T1D) was obtained from FinnGen. Single nucleotide polymorphisms meeting the conditions were screened stepwise according to the assumptions of association, independence, and exclusivity. Inverse variance weighted was used as the main method for the MR analysis. MR-Egger was used to assess the horizontal pleiotropy of the results. Cochran’s Q and the leave-one-out method were respectively used for the heterogeneity analysis and the sensitivity analysis of the results.

Results

MR analysis showed that effector memory (EM) double-negative (DN) (CD4−CD8−) %T cells [odds ratio (OR) = 1.157, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.016–1.318, p = 0.028, false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.899], EM CD8br %T cells (OR = 1.049, 95% CI = 1.003–1.098, p = 0.037, FDR = 0.902), CD28 on CD28+CD45RA+CD8br (OR = 1.334, 95% CI = 1.132–1.571, p = 0.001, FDR = 0.044), IgD+CD38dim %lymphocytes (OR = 1.045, 95% CI = 1.002–1.089, p = 0.039, FDR = 0.902), CD80 on monocytes (OR = 1.084, 95% CI = 1.013–1.161, p = 0.020, FDR = 0.834), SSC-A on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) (OR = 1.174, 95% CI = 1.004–1.372, p = 0.044, FDR = 0.902), and FSC-A on pDCs (OR = 1.182, 95% CI = 1.011–1.382, p = 0.036, FDR = 0.902) were associated with an increased genetic susceptibility to T1D. Cochran’s Q showed that there was heterogeneity for CD28 on the CD28+CD45RA+CD8br results (p = 0.043), whereas there was no heterogeneity for the other results (p ≥ 0.05). The sensitivity analysis showed that the MR analysis results were robust.

Conclusion

The MR analysis demonstrated that seven immune cell phenotypes were associated with an increased genetic susceptibility to T1D. These findings provide a new direction for the pathogenesis of and the drug development for T1D.
Association and function analysis of genetic variants and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in a southern Chinese population
Authors: Liang Qiulian , Sun Yan , Li Ming , Li Ruiqi , Nie Lijie , Lin Lin , Yu Xiangyuan
Published: December 2024

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complex metabolic disease that has short-term and long-term adverse effects on mothers and infants. However, the specific pathogenic mechanism has not been elucidated.

Objective

The aim of this study was to confirm the associations between candidate genetic variants (rs4134819, rs720918, rs2034410, rs11109509, and rs12524768) and GDM risk and prediction in a southern Chinese population.

Methods

Candidate variants were genotyped in 538 GDM cases and 626 healthy controls. The odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the associations between genotypes and GDM risk. Then, the false-positive report probability (FPRP) analysis was adopted to confirm the significant associations, and bioinformatics tools were used to explore the potential biological function of studied variants. Finally, risk factors of genetic variants and clinical indicators identified by logistics regression were used to construct a nomogram model for GDM prediction.

Results

It was shown that the XAB2 gene rs4134819 was significantly associated with GDM susceptibility (CT vs. CC: adjusted OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.01–1.87, p = 0.044; CT/TT vs. CC: crude OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.08–1.86, p = 0.013). Functional analysis suggested that rs4134819 can alter the specific transcription factors (CPE bind and GATE-1) binding to the promoter of the XAB2 gene, regulating the transcription of XAB2. The nomogram established with factors such as age, FPG, HbA1c, 1hPG, 2hPG, TG, and rs4134819 showed a good discriminated and calibrated ability with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.931 and a Hosmer–Lemeshow test p-value > 0.05.

Conclusion

The variant rs4134819 can significantly alter the susceptibility of the Chinese population to GDM possibly by regulating the transcription of functional genes. The nomogram prediction model constructed with genetic variants and clinical factors can help distinguish high-risk GDM individuals.
Different functional responses in populations of Polylepis quadrijuga (Rosaceae) as a consequence of anthropogenic disturbance
Authors: Hoyos Yessica D. , Vargas Natalia , Sanchez Adriana
Published: December 2024

The monodominant forests of Polylepis quadrijuga, endemic to the páramos of the eastern cordillera in the Colombian Andes, are among the most threatened in South America due to fragmentation and anthropogenic degradation. Despite their role in regulating water flow and forming biodiverse, endemic biotic communities, there are few studies on their functional responses to stress caused by anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. In this study, we evaluate how six different populations of P. quadrijuga with distinct levels of anthropogenic disturbance (low and high) change 11 foliar, stem, and root functional traits. Also, the physicochemical properties of the soils were analyzed, and mycorrhizal colonization was quantified to evaluate how each population responds to the stress conditions. The results indicated that populations with lower disturbance levels exhibit a conservative leaf trait configuration, whereas those with higher disturbance levels adopt an acquisitive strategy, potentially making them more vulnerable. Additionally, we found no functional coordination between above- and belowground traits. The results also highlight a lower percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizarl fungi (AMF) colonization in sites with a high level of disturbance. Our findings show P. quadrijuga’s sensitivity to anthropogenic disturbance and its resilience, demonstrated by high plasticity in aboveground traits. Conservation efforts for this endangered species should focus on fragmented populations and those under stress from grazing or agriculture, aiming to create connectivity and promote its establishment
Suitability, acceptability, feasibility of modern menstrual methods: a qualitative study in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Aparnavi P. , Ramanathan Rashmi , Shanmugam Jeevithan , Narayanan Seetharaman , Kumar Mohan , Ramya V. , Rathinamoorthy Ramesh , Vignesh Sakthivel
Published: December 2024

Objective

To examine women's perceptions of modern menstrual hygiene methods (MMHM), such as tampons and menstrual cups, focusing on socio-demographic variations and special groups in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu.

Methods

A qualitative study among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) group was conducted using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) among twelve women subgroups independently in 2023.

Results

The present study involved 23 focus group discussions (FGDs) across various groups of women, including those in formal and informal sectors, urban and rural areas, school and college students, healthcare workers, women in sports, tribal women, transgender women, and female sex workers (FSW), with a total of 188 participants. The age range varied across groups, from 15 to 45 years. Over half of the participants were married (51.1%), and 68.7% were literate, though illiteracy was higher in the informal sector, rural, tribal areas, transgender women, and FSW groups. Sanitary pads were the most used menstrual hygiene method (88.3%), followed by cloth (4.8%), and modern methods like menstrual cups or tampons (1.6%). Notably, 70% of FSW and 28.6% of tribal women still used cloths. Menstrual hygiene choices were often influenced by family recommendations, school-based menstrual hygiene sessions, institutional policies, and social media. Regarding satisfaction, 27.1% were content with their menstrual hygiene method, citing accessibility, affordability, and leakage prevention. However, issues with pads included heat, rashes, and discomfort. A significant number (31.4%) shifted from cloth to pads recently, mainly due to leakage and lack of adequate washing facilities. Only 6.1% had tried modern menstrual methods, with tampons and menstrual cups being considered more suitable but less feasible, especially among tribal women. Participant concerns ranged from the potential health risks of sanitary pads to waste disposal challenges. Recommendations included public menstrual hygiene management (MHM) dispensers, better waste collection practices, and increased awareness through advertisements. Some participants advocated for the concept of free menstruation, emphasizing informed choices and accessibility for all.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that increasing access to modern menstrual hygiene products, coupled with comprehensive education and support, could improve acceptance and feasibility, especially for marginalized and underrepresented women.
Case report: Complete response in TMB-H advanced uterine clear cell carcinoma: a case analysis of paclitaxel albumin-bound combined with PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody
Authors: Chen Yue , Zhou Wenting , Wang Yili
Published: December 2024

Background

Uterine clear cell carcinoma (UCCC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer, often presenting at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. Treatment options for advanced or recurrent UCCC are currently limited, especially after platinum-based chemotherapy has failed.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 49-year-old female diagnosed with stage IV uterine clear cell carcinoma. The patient had a history of atrial fibrillation and initially received several surgical interventions and platinum-based chemotherapy, but these treatments resulted in poor outcomes and rapid tumor progression. Genetic testing showed a high tumor mutation burden (TMB-H, 42.24 mutations/Mb) with stable microsatellites and a suspected harmful mutation in the PMS2 gene. After conventional therapies failed, the patient received a combination treatment of cadonilimab (375 mg) and albumin-bound paclitaxel (380 mg) for six cycles. This was followed by cadonilimab monotherapy for maintenance. This treatment regimen led to a complete response (CR), with no detectable abdominal fluid or enlarged lymph nodes by January 4, 2023. The CR status was maintained during a follow-up on April 07, 2024. The adverse effects included severe myelosuppression, mild skin reactions, hypothyroidism, and Grade 3 hyperglycemia, all of which were managed symptomatically.

Conclusion

This case illustrates how effective AK104/Cadonilimab (a PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific) can be when combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel for treating advanced UCCC, especially in patients who have not responded to standard therapies. The patient’s complete and lasting response shows the potential of PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific immunotherapy. This suggests that cadonilimab could provide important clinical benefits for patients with advanced or recurrent UCCC.
Single-cell Atlas reveals core function of CPVL/MSR1 expressing macrophages in the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Wang Xinan , Lin Li , Zhang Xue , Zhang Minghui , Sun Zhuo , Yang Yichen , Zhang Xiuna , Yuan Yonghui , Zhang Yong , Chen Hao , Wen Ti
Published: December 2024

Background

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with the worst prognosis among all subtypes. The impact of distinct cell subpopulations within the tumor microenvironment (TME) on TNBC patient prognosis has yet to be clarified.

Methods

Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) integrated with bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq), we applied Cox regression models to compute hazard ratios, and cross-validated prognostic scoring using a GLMNET-based Cox model. Cell communication analysis was used to elucidate the potential mechanisms of CPVL and MSR1. Ultimately, RNA interference-mediated gene knockdown was utilized to validate the impact of specific genes on the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).

Results

Our findings revealed that the function of immune cells is more pivotal in prognosis, with TAMs showing the strongest correlation with TNBC patient outcomes, compared with other immune cells. Additionally, we identified CPVL and MSR1 as critical prognostic genes within TAMs, with CPVL expression positively correlated with favorable outcomes and MSR1 expression associated with poorer prognosis. Mechanistically, CPVL may contribute to favorable prognosis by inhibiting the SPP1-CD44 ligand-receptor and promoting CXCL9-CXCR3, C3-C3AR1 ligand-receptor, through which TAMs interact with other cells such as monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells. Moreover, cytokines including IL-18, IFNγR1, CCL20, and CCL2, along with complement-related gene like TREM2 and complement component CFD, may participate in the process of CPVL or MSR1 regulating macrophage polarization. Furthermore, RT-PCR experiments confirmed that CPVL is positively associated with M1-like TAM polarization, while MSR1 is linked to M2-like TAM polarization. Finally, the prognostic significance of these two genes is also validated in HER2-positive breast cancer subtypes.

Conclusions

CPVL and MSR1 are potential biomarkers for macrophage-mediated TNBC prognosis, suggesting the therapeutic potential of macrophage targeting in TNBC.
Immune complexes-mediated activation of neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus is dependent on RNA recognition by toll-like receptor 8
Authors: Wang Ting , Kuley Runa , Hermanson Payton , Chu Peirou , Pohlmeyer Christopher , Ravichandar Jayamary Divya , Lopez David , Min-Oo Gundula , Crellin Natasha , Shang Ching , Lood Christian
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Neutrophil activation is important in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We previously demonstrated that ribonucleoprotein (RNP) immune complexes (ICs) promoted neutrophil activation in a TLR7/8-dependent manner. However, it remains unclear if this mechanism occurs in patients. Here, we investigated the role of RNA recognition by evaluating TLR7/8 in plasma-mediated neutrophil activation in SLE.

Methods

Plasma levels of neutrophil activation markers and ICs were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry in SLE patients (n=151) and healthy controls (HCs, n=31). Neutrophils were incubated with plasma and assessed for CD66b and CD11b up-regulation by flow cytometry in the presence of select inhibitors to define the mechanisms of neutrophil activation by SLE plasma.

Results

SLE plasma induced higher levels of CD66b (p=0.0002) and CD11b (p=0.01) expression than plasma from HCs. Blocking FcγRIIA, targeting RNA sensing by adding RNase, or blocking TLR7/8, TLR8 only, or IRAK4, decreased plasma-mediated neutrophil activation (p<0.05). Consistent with the ability of selective TLR8 inhibitor to block plasma-mediated neutrophil activation, TLR8 agonists, but not TLR7 agonists induced robust neutrophil activation. Further, neutrophil mRNA expression of TLR8 was higher than TLR7. Finally, patients with plasma samples inducing neutrophil activation in RNA-dependent manner had increased levels of interferon alpha, IP-10 (p<0.05), ICs (p<0.05), and reduced complement C3 levels (p<0.01), indicative of IC-driven disease.

Conclusion

The data support IC-driven RNA-sensing by TLR8 in neutrophils is a key mechanism of neutrophil activation in SLE. Patients with elevated neutrophil activation and presence of RNA-containing ICs, may benefit from TLR8 inhibition and other strategies targeting RNA removal.