bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Activity of Two Edible Korean Seaweed Oil Obtained from SC-CO2 and Solvent Extraction
Authors: Siahaan Evi Amelia , Pangestuti Ratih , Chun Byung-Soo
Published: February 2020

Seaweed is consumed as nutritive food materials in many Asian countries such as Japan, Korea and China. In the present study, we analyzed proximate composition of two Korean seaweeds Sargassum horneri and Ecklonia cava. Crude protein content of S. horneri and E. cava were 8.57% and 9.11%, whereas 1.03% and 1.40% of total lipid was found from S. horneri and E. cava. We used supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) with ethanol, methanol, acetone and hexane for the extraction process. The highest extraction yield was obtained from E. cava by SC-CO2 with ethanol and the value was 1.52 g/100 g DW. Further, fatty acid composition of S. horneri and E. cava by SC-CO2 with ethanol were analyzed. The total unsaturated fatty acid of S. horneri and E. cava samples were 59.95% and 17.79%, respectively. Important PUFA such as EPA and DHA were present in both samples. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity were found in both seaweed extracts with the highest concentration obtained from E. cava extracted by SC-CO2 with ethanol.
Making of Alginate Dental Impression Material from Sargassum duplicatum
Authors: Sinurat Ellya , Subaryono  , Rambe Anantaria Okawati
Published: February 2020

This study was aimed to prepare dental impression material from Sargassum duplicatum taken from Binuangeun, Banten. The setting time was tested according to ANSI/ADA Specification for Alginate Impression Materials 1983. After extraction, obtained the alginate powder then mixed its water/powder ratio from the combination of alginate composition and tested final setting time. Variations of the formulations used different calcium sulfate (0,1 g; 0,2 g; and 0,3 g). Product quality parameters are lumps, solubility, consistency, flow, tearing, setting time. The alginate yield obtained from Sargassum duplicatum by 31 % with characteristic gel strength by 816 (gr/cm2); viscosity 238 mPas (2%; room temperature). The highest ratio is the best ratio by adding calcium sulfate powder of 0.1 gram with a setting time of 3 minutes.
Immobilization ofAeromonas bivalviumPT2 Cells with Alginate and Measurement of Chitinolytic Activities
Authors: Saputri Dita P. , Ustadi
Published: February 2020

Aeromonas bivalviumis one of the chitinolytic bacteria that able to degrade chitin into its derivatives. These bacteria can only be used once during the fermentation process, which is less profitable to be applied in industrial scale. This limitation can be solved by bacterial immobilization method. This study aimed to determine the effect of bacterial cell immobilization on chitinolytic activity and to determine the stability of the immobilized bacteria during repeated usage. Bacterial cell immobilization was carried out by entrapment method with 1% sodium alginate matrix. Immobilized bacteria was cultured in two different mediums, namely nutrient broth (NB) and nutrient broth (NB) added with colloidal chitin (NB + K). Tests for chitinolytic activity were carried out in bacteria. In addition, the stability of immobilized bacteria was also tested for chitinolytic activity with repeated removal and use. The result shows that the effectiveness of immobilization on average is 91.8%. Immobilization did not significantly affect chitinolytic activity when compared with bacteria without immobilization. Immobilized bacteria in this study has similar performance as bacteria without immobilization. The results of the stability tests including chitinase activity and NAG released indicated a significant decline during repeated usage with maximum usage of three times.
Consumer PReferences for Dark Chocolate Products Fortified with Spirulina Platensis Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Asti Gisela Karina , Ekantari Nurfitri
Published: February 2020

Chocolate is a product made from cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans and fat which is very popular because of its taste and nutrition. Dark chocolate has health benefits because of it’s contains antioxidants in the form of phenols and flavonoids. In previous study, the addition of β-carotene extract from S. platensis with a dose of 0.372% to dark chocolate products was aimed to fulfilling energy intake and vitamin A needs. Thus, it’s important to know the consumer pReferences for dark chocolate products fortified with S. platensis. This study aimed to determine the priority weight of the attributes for consumers and measure consumer pReferences for dark chocolate products fortified with S. platensis. This study used the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents unskilled who representing the population level in Yogyakarta, using purposive random sampling. The results showed that the priority attributes of consumer in choosing dark chocolate products fortified with S. platensis are taste, sub-attribute of bitter taste (47.8%), price, sub-attribute of low price (53.3%), product benefits, subattribute of nutritional benefit (38.2%), flavor, sub-attribute of sweet flavor (64.2%), texture, sub-attribute of smooth texture (57.7%), aroma, sub-attribute of typical chocolate aroma (72.8%), and packaging, sub-attribute of packaging 2 (Lindt packaging) (25.8%). Meanwhile, the choice of dark chocolate products according to the consumer pReferences is dark chocolate product fortified with S. platensis with priority weight of 55.8%.
Physical Characteristics of Probiotic Effervescent Tablets with Various Concentration of Maltodextrin as Coating Materials
Authors: Oktavia Devi Ambarwaty , Fithriani Diini , Martosuyono Pujoyuwono
Published: February 2020

The application of RICA (Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture) liquid probiotic bacteria proved to be able to prevent attacks of both types of vibriosis disease and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) through improved pond water quality. This RICA liquid probiotics is coated using maltodextrin with 3 variations of concentration which are then formed into probiotic effervescent tablets. Apart from making it easy to distribute, this solid probiotic is easily applied without fermentation such as the use of liquid probiotics. The aims of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of probiotic effervescent tablets from maltodextrin coatings with different concentration. The concentration maltodextrin as coating materials were is 20%, 30% and 40% (b/v). The parameters test are average weight, friability, hardness and disintegration time. The results showed that the effervescent tablets of probiotics with a concentration of maltodextrin 40% had a mean weight higher than other concentrations at 798.88 mg. While the effervescent tablets of probiotic with a maltodextrin concentration of 20% had a lower friability and disintegration time compared to other concentrations of 0.05% and 12.96 minutes. And has a higher level of hardness that is equal to 10.89 N compared to other concentrations that is 30% and 40% concentration maltodextrin. The concentration of 20% maltodextrin was the best treatment of this study.
The Production of Nanoparticles Chitosan from Crustaceans Shell Using the Top-down Method
Authors: Syamdidi  , Sidauruk Helita , Munandar Aris , Haryati Sakinah
Published: February 2020

Research on the manufacture of nanoparticles of chitosan through top-down method has a limited publication. Most of the research on chitosan nanoparticles was conducted by ionic gelation and other methods. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics of nanoparticles chitosan through top-down method. The rprocedure was composed using High Energy Milling (HEM) with different sizes of ball and milling time. The responses observed from this research were particle sizes, yield, viscosity and zeta potential. The results showed that milling time significantly affected the particle size. Milling time between 3 to 5 hour produce the particle size close to 200 nm. Milling duration for 5 hours with a small ball size produced shrimp chitosan nanoparticles with the value of 248.28 nm particle size, zeta potential mV of 44.92, yield of 96% and 104.88 cP viscosity. The nanoparticle produced was categorized as relatively stable because its zeta potential values were around ± 30 mV.
The Effect of Different Types and Gelatin Concentrations on Ice Cream Quality
Authors: Ayudiarti Diah Lestari , Suryanti  , Oktavia Devi Ambarwaty
Published: February 2020

Gelatin is a polymer of amino acids found in collagen in bone tissue and animal skin. It is commonly used gelatin as stabilizer on an ice cream. Research on the effect of different types and gelatin concentrations on ice cream quality has been done. Types of gelatin Types of gelatin were used are commercial gelatin and fish gelatin. Ice cream were made by adding commercial and fish skin gelatin at concentration 0.1%; 0.2%; 0.3%; 0.4% and 0.5%. Overrun, total solid, melting run and sensory evaluation were observed as quality parameters of ice cream. Based on sensory evaluation, panelists preferred the taste of ice cream using additional 0.1% fish gelatin because it has soft texture than others. The result showed that ice cream with additional 0.1% fish gelatin had 30.63% overrun, 40.77% total solid and 197s/g melting run.
Histogram comparison crosscalibration method applied for evaluating the quality of “Canopus-v-ir” data
Authors: Burcev Mikhail , Kashnitskiy Alexandr , Loupian Evgeny , Mazurov Alexey , Pustynskiy Ilya , Kholodov Egor
Published: February 2020

Regular onboard calibration of satellite data is of great practical importance for the processing of remote sensing information. For flight cross-calibration it is proposed to use a geostationary satellite as a reference to calibrate polar orbiting satellites data on the example of the “Canopus–V–IR” and Himawary satellites. Authors use data from center for collective use “IKI–Monitoring”, united data catalogue of Planeta Research Centers for Space Hydrometeorology. The work has been done on theme «Monitoring»
Interface Model for Spatial Objects Monitoring Task Setting
Authors: Brezhnev Ruslan V. , Maglinets Yurii A. , Kornilaeva Alena V. , Maltsev Evgenii A.
Published: February 2020

The research is devoted to the study of human-computer interaction in the context of interaction of end users (EU) and multipurpose remote monitoring systems (MRMS) for spatial objects. The study is aimed at the formation of conceptual aspects of building graphical interface for setting monitoring tasks. It defines a global structure for communication between end users and multi-purpose remote monitoring systems (MRMS) in the form of a dialogue and target parameters for the quality of the dialogue tools. The task setting interface has been tested in practice on the basis of the ISIT SFU remote monitoring system. An example of task setting for grain crops growth monitoring has been reviewed.
Navigation network construction method for survey points using cartographic urban environment information
Authors: Penshin Ignat N. , Evstratova Larisa G.
Published: February 2020

This research solves the problem of navigation network construction for panoramic survey points inside courtyards without using road network information. The described method of navigation network construction takes into account a number of geometric conditions that detecting and identifying the regularities of the decisive routing rules construction. An algorithm for constructing links between panoramic shooting points, based on the surrounding area and linear objects territory information, is presented. An intelligent agent of geographic information system has been developed that executes this task based on the proposed decision rules. The goals and objectives of the research are presented, input data array to solve the problem is considered, the formulation of geometric conditions, structure and object implementation of the algorithm are set out in this work. The task is viewed in terms of the perspective of graph theory, implemented in the DBMS PostgreSQL and illustrated in the QGIS geographic information system.
Problems, methods and technologies of combined 3D model construction for underwater and above-water relief
Authors: Gachenko Andrey , Hmelnov Alexei
Published: February 2020

In the article we describe the methods for construction of underwater 3D relief (bathymetry) and combining it with the corresponding ground relief (terrain) when the bathymetry information is of much lower quality than that of terrain. We have developed an algorithm for combining the low quality underwater relief with the higher quality ground relief using Delaunay triangulations. The resulting combined 3D model of relief has no noticeable artifacts and can be used to solve various hydrological tasks, such as computation of the HPP reservoir water level in dependence to the water discharges of the hydroelectric power plant. We have tested the technology for building combined relief 3D model in several scientific projects intended to estimate the changes in the coastline under various water flow scenarios in the basins of Angara River and Lake Baikal.
Geological interpretation of the cosmic materials from the South of Western Siberia in connection with the petroleum potential of the sedimentary cover
Authors: Belonosov Andrew , Kudryavtsev Anton , Sheshukov Sergey , Borisov Dmitry
Published: February 2020

In the South of Western Siberia oil-perspectivity Jurassic deposits are characterized by multi – and small-scale. The interpretation of earth remote sensing materials in the visible, near and far infrared ranges allowed to evaluate the oil potential of numerous domes and depressions on the basis of combining geodynamically stressed zones and calculating the physical characteristics of the earth's surface (albedo, radiation coefficient, thermal inertia, convective heat flow, daily evaporation of moisture, DEM, weather conditions, etc.), including the procedure of reference classification, where the standards are the nearest oil and gas condensate fields. The forecast boundary of “oil and gas condensate” lands of the South of Western Siberia is displaced to the latitude of u.v. Lebyazhye of the Eastern part of the Kurgan region.
Features of atmospheric disturbances in temperate latitudes before strong earthquakes (M> 7) according to satellite measurements
Authors: Kashkin Valentin , Sverdlik Leonid , Odintsov Roman , Rubleva Tatyana , Simonov Konstantin , Romanov Alexey , Imashev Sanjar
Published: February 2020

An ATOVS and MERRA data archive containing temperature values at isobaric levels from 1000 to 50 hPa was formed to study the atmospheric effects observed over the foci of two strong earthquakes with magnitudes M = 7,3. The first seismic event was recorded on August 19, 1992 in the northern Tien Shan and the second on November 12, 2017 in the border areas of the Zagros folded mountain belt. According to USGS intense aftershock activity in these regions began with these seismic events. Using correlation and spectral analysis we studied the vertical profiles of temperature and pressure in a disturbed atmosphere over seismically active regions. The modified anomaly index was calculated at isobaric levels from 500 to 50 hPa and on its basis the registered temperature anomalies were investigated.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of a turbulent flow around an obstacle
Authors: Lamia Benahmed , Khaled Aliane , Sari Hassoun Z.
Published: February 2020

In this work we study the influence of the inclined shape of the lover and downstream edge of a rectangular obstacle. We analyze the dimensions of the recirculation zones, the velocity field, the kinetic energy and the pressure. A three-dimensional study was conducted using the ansys cfx calculation code. The turbulence model k-ԑ is used to model turbulence, and the governing equations are resolved by the finite volume method.
Simulation of Natural Convection in a horizontal channel with heat sources mounted with porous blocks by the lattice Boltzmann method (MRT-LBM)
Authors: BOUARNOUNA Kaoutar , BOUTRA Abdelkader , BENZEMA Mahdi , El Ganaoui Mohammed , BENKAHLA Youb Khaled
Published: February 2020

In this paper, laminar natural convection in a horizontal channel provided with porous blocks periodically distributed on its lower adiabatic surface has been analyzed. This numerical study is based on the multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The two-dimensional model D2Q9 is adopted to solve the flow field, while the D2Q5 model is applied to solve the temperature field. The objective of the study is to analyze the effect of the Darcy number (10-1 ≤ Da ≤ 10-6), Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 107) and the relative porous blocks height (1/8 ≤ D ≤ 1/2). The obtained results show the important effect of these parameters, which cannot be neglected, on both flow and the heat transfer structure, within this kind of channels.
Three dimensional fluid flow within a rectangular channel with several cylindrical (and/or) elliptical blocks: lattice boltzmann investigation
Authors: BOUTRA A. , RAGUI K. , LABSI N. , BENKAHLA Y.K. , BENNACER R
Published: February 2020

Through this paper, we investigate numerically a Three-dimensional laminar flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid within a rectangular channel; including several adiabatic partitions of a cylindrical (and/or) elliptical shape. To do so, a numerical code based on the Lattice Boltzmann approach is used. In other words, three dimensions D3Q19 model is adopted all based on a cubic Lattice, where each pattern of the latter is characterized by nineteen discrete speeds. Our numerical code has been successfully validated after a wide comparison between the present results and those of the literature. By taking into account the Reynolds number, the partitions’ shape impact on the flow fields within the channel is taking all attention and that throughout the time’ Streamlines and the velocity profiles. The pressure drop within our channel is also investigated to come out with the best arrangement of these kinds of partitions within.
Heat transfer and fluid flow of Biodiesel at a backward-Facing step
Authors: Danane Fetta , Bessah Rahma , Mahfoud Omar , Boudiaf Ahlem , Ahmia Aida.Cherifa , Ouyahia Seif-Eddine , Alloune Rhiad , Benkahla Youb.Khaled
Published: February 2020

You should Three-dimensional simulation of a biodiesel fluid flow within a rectangular duct over a backward-facing step is investigated in the present paper. The fluid, which obeys to the Newtonian rheological behavior, is obtained by transformation of Algerian waste cooking oil into a biodiesel. Flow through a rectangular channel subjected to a constant wall temperature or constant heat flux as boundary conditions. The partial differential equations governing fluid flow and heat transfer are solved by the Fluent CFD computational code based on the Finite Volume Method. The numerical experiments are carried out to examine the effect of the Reynolds number by fluid inlet velocity variation for the two boundary conditions. The results are analyzed through the distribution of the temperature and the velocity contours. The variation of the Reynolds number and boundary conditions affects greatly the heat transfer and the fluid flow, in particular near the step region.
Effect of wall inclination on the dynamic behaviour of an oscillating water column system
Authors: El Barakaz Abdelhamid , El Marjani Abdellatif , Mounir Hamid
Published: February 2020

The Oscillating Water Column device (OWC) is one of the most used Wave Energy Converters (WECs) for wave energy harvesting. It consists essentially of two parts: the pneumatic chamber made of concrete and the bidirectional turbine linked to a generator group for energy production.

In this study we are interested in the water motion oscillation inside the chamber resulting from the water level perturbation. This process is characterized by its own natural frequency and global damping. The vertical OWC chamber model is limited by the number of parameters defining the natural frequency and the global damping. The objective of this paper is to improve the performances obtained for the vertical OWC by considering an OWC with inclined sidewalls.

For maximum efficiency, the device must operate in the resonance domain where the damping is low and the frequency of incoming waves matches with the natural frequency of the OWC. This will theoretically amplify the pneumatic energy to be converted to a mechanical one in the turbine.
Thermo-Fluid Simulation for Indoor Air Quality and Buildings Thermal Comfort
Authors: Morsli Souad. , Sabeur Amina. , Ramenah Harry. , El Ganaoui Mohammed. , Bennacer Rachid.
Published: February 2020

Air conditioning systems are seen as a crucial part of any structure because they are directly related to the comfort of the occupants. Finding a conditioning system that exhibits not only a high level of comfort, but also a decrease in energy consumption and cost of the system is now very much preferable, especially with the ever-increasing cost of energy. Mixed convection for different boundary conditions and different configuration is carried out. In addition, a flow is injected through a window and extracted through an opposite window. In this work we examine the influence of the value of the Rayleigh number on the flow structure. The numerical analysis was carried out using the ‘Fluent’ software. To deal with turbulence the RNG k-ε model was adopted in this study. The study of ventilation efficiency has shown that the intensity of the recirculation flow increases near the adiabatic wall with the increase of Rayleigh number.
CFD-Exergy analysis of the flow in a small-sized Venturi
Authors: Razali Ahmed , Baghdad Mohammed , Ouadha Ahmed
Published: February 2020

The present study aims to compare cavitation models in predicting the flow in small-sized cavitating venturis. Three cavitation models, namely Schnerr and Sauer model, Zwart et al. Model and Singhal et al. Model have been compared under the mixture approach. Furthermore, the performance of this device has been assessed using the concept of exergy by quantifying the exergy losses accuring in its different parts. It is found that all models are capable of reproducing the physics of cavitation phenomena within the cavitating venturi. However, the Schnerr and Sauer model return higher values than the others model. It is also observed that most of the exergy losses occur in the converging and diverging parts of the venturi due to higher pressure and velocity gradients in these regions.
Paper recycling for the making of constructions materials
Authors: Raoelivololona Tefy , Ramaroson Mamiharijaona , Raminosoa Chrysostome
Published: February 2020

Madagascar undergoes, like all countries in the world, the effects of climate change. in fact, since the last 5 years, in the coastal regions and the basins, the temperature has raised from 2 to 2.5 ° and varies between 34 to 36 ° in the shadow during the rainy season and on the high hills, the temperature diminishes from 2 to 2.5 ° during the dry period and varies from 4 ° to 8 °. However, the structure of lodging of 60% of the people are not adapted to this temperature change. Particularly, in the coastal regions, the walls of the houses are made of sheet iron. The inside of these houses is very hot when the weather is hot and very cold when it is cold. The inhabitants can’t afford the houses made in bricks or breeze block and the natural sources of aggregates are in the process of exhaustion. In the other part, we have seen that tons of paper are ready to be burned at the administrative services (public treasury, public financing, universities, ...) and the newspaper publishers. So, it becomes a must to find another way to the construction materials, justifying in that case our research axis. This study aims at the developing of construction material based on recycled paper, binder and aggregate. It deals of picking up or gathering all waste of papers and outdates newspapers and transforming them into brick for building constructions. What’s more, papers have prominent thermal insulating properties. Our work is focused on the study of variants on the different manufacturing processes, the choice of binder, the preparation of the specimens with different binders and different dosages, the mechanical compression tests for different binders, the evaluation of thermal conductivity for different binders and the numerical simulation of the thermo mechanical behavior of samples. The result is a lightweight brick with good thermal insulation. Tests have also made it possible to declare that the material has acceptable mechanical properties : the compressive strength is 1.56 [N/mm2], higher than the value prescribed by the standard for lightweight concrete blocks for construction of 1.1 [N/mm2], the value of thermal conductivity is 0.114 [W/mK], ten times less conductive heat than concrete and it can replace glass wool for a double its thickness. The specific weight is 57.5 [kg/m2].The practical results were confirmed by finite element simulations.
Waste transformation of plastic bags by wet polymer binding
Authors: Raoelivololona Tefy , Ramaroson Mamiharijaona , Raminosoa Chrysostome
Published: February 2020

Since twenty years, Madagascar suffered, by the advanced level of pollution due to the proliferation of plastic bags. They are always discarded in nature and constitute an increasingly important visual and environmental pollution in cities. And because they are easily carried and deposited everywhere by the wind, it has more negative consequences on the environment and thus on the health of the population. Plastics are among the most persistent pollutants and the problem appears when they reach the waste stage. The degradation of these plastic bags requiring more than four centuries, so the search for solutions for the use of these products is very solicited to preserve the environment. That’s why our research is consecrated into the transformation of plastic bags into pavers or bricks at a lower cost. The combustion of plastics releases large quantities of thick and toxic fumes. So, to avoid this phenomenon, our so-called “wet” process consists in heating a mixture of a Rich Carbon of Waste Element (RCWE), fusing the plastic bags as a binder and adding the sand as agglomerate. We obtain a quantity of product 3 times higher than the quantity of plastic bags used (to have 60 kg of product, we need 20 kg of plastic bags) unlike the other processes providing 5 kg of product for 20 kg of plastic bags, ie the plastic is reduced by ¼. The rest of the study focused on the melting temperature of the plastic bag in the RCWE which is approximately 110° C, the proportions between the RCWE and the plastic bag for the optimization of the cost of energy : we showed that the energy is optimal for a proportion of half (100g of RCWE for 50g of plastic), the proportions between plastics and sand (binder and agglomerate) : by weight, the binder must always be less than the agglomerate (the result is optimal in the proportion of agglomerate -binder 80 -20), the mechanical behavior : the result shows that when the quantity of plastics is the higher, the maximum stress is high, but the plastic area is low. The product is among the ductile materials, the property of which a material can permanently deform before breaking (an important factor for the deformation of materials), the permeability, and the adhesion test with the rubber.
c-Si PV cells emissivity characterization at low operating temperatures for efficiency management
Authors: Fuente Raquel , Echániz Telmo , González de Arrieta Iñigo , Urcelay-Olabarria Irene , Tello Manuel J. , López Gabriel A.
Published: February 2020

Efficiency is a critical parameter for a solar cell to be successful and is closely related to the working temperature of the cell. In turn, the temperature can be related to the infrared emissivity, the parameter that governs the thermal radiative properties of a body. In particular, the importance of infrared emissivity in a solar cell is essential in passive cooling applications, where controlled radiative thermal losses could let the cell operate at lower temperatures, the range where they present higher efficiency. In this presentation, the emissivity of c-Si solar cells in the low temperature range (around 50 ºC) is discussed. Traditionally, it has been determined by indirect reflectivity measurements at ambient temperature and extrapolated to working temperatures, but here, a direct measurement is proposed. For an accurate value the measurements are performed in the high accuracy radiometer of the University of the Basque Country, which allows spectral directional emissivity measurements as a function of temperature.
Experimental Study of Thermoelectric Conversion Efficiency and Cold Side Thermal Management
Authors: Vegamoor Vamsi , Sajid Muhammad , Al Hamidi Yasser M. , Hassan Ibrahim
Published: February 2020

Thermoelectric generator (TEG) while offering the advantage of operational reliability are constrained by limited efficiencies. This paper, which is from an undergraduate research project, focusses on the contribution of cold side thermal management of commercially available thermoelectric generators towards the thermal to electrical conversion efficiency for a range of hot side temperatures. Electric heating elements are used to vary the heat flux to the TEG while conventional active and passive methods employing air and water as a medium are used for dissipating heat from the cold side of TEGs. Both thermal and electrical performance parameters of the TEGs are recorded for various ambient conditions in an indoor facility corresponding to naturally occurring wind conditions. At the end, the utility and effectiveness of the cooling methods are quantified for the range of operating temperatures.
Diagnostik und Therapie des Anti-p200-Pemphigoids
Authors: Holtsche M. M. , Zillikens D. , Sadik C. D.
Published: February 2020

Pemphigoid-Erkrankungen sind eine Gruppe von 7 Autoimmunerkrankungen, bei denen es durch Bildung von Autoantikörpern gegen Proteine des dermal-epidermalen Adhäsionskomplexes zu einer Entzündung der Haut und Schleimhäute kommt, die zur Bildung von Blasen und Erosionen führen können. Die einzelnen Pemphigoid-Erkrankungen weisen in ihrem klinischen Bild Ähnlichkeiten, teilweise aber auch erhebliche Unterschiede auf. Die genaue Differenzierung der einzelnen Pemphigoid-Erkrankungen ist oft nur durch eine gründliche immunpathologische Diagnostik möglich. Dies betrifft insbesondere die Differenzierung zwischen bullösem Pemphigoid, Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita und Anti-p200-Pemphigoid. Letztere ist die zuletzt definierte Pemphigoid-Erkrankung und die einzige mit immer noch unbekanntem Autoantigen. In dem vorliegenden Artikel präsentieren wir den typischen Verlauf eines Anti-p200-Pemphigoids und gehen detailliert auf die immunpathologische Diagnostik ein, die benötigt wird, um das Anti-p200-Pemphigoid von anderen Pemphigoid-Erkrankungen zu unterscheiden.
Orale Toleranzinduktion bei Typ I-Allergie gegen Ei
Authors: Kovács B. , Recke A.
Published: February 2020

Hühnerei ist eine Allergenquelle, die in unserer täglichen Ernährung in offener und versteckter Form häufig vorkommt. Eine Allergie dagegen geht oftmals mit schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen einher. Es ist im Alltag eine große Herausforderung, Hühnerei vollständig zu meiden. Betroffene sind eingeschränkt in ihrer Nahrungsauswahl und in ihrem sozialen Leben. Wir stellen eine Patientin vor, die nach dem Verzehr einer kleinen Probe des von ihr zubereiteten Kuchenteigs einen schweren anaphylaktischen Schock erlitt, der eine intensivmedizinische Versorgung erforderte. Mittels Hauttestung und IgE-Diagnostik wiesen wir eine Typ I-Sensibilisierung vorwiegend auf hitzelabile Einzelallergene in Hühnerei nach. Da die Patientin trotz Umsicht eine Aufnahme von Hühnerei nicht vollständig vermeiden konnte, begannen wir mit einer spezifischen oralen Toleranzinduktion (SOTI) mit verbackenem bzw. durcherhitztem Ei. Unter dieser Behandlung konnte die Patientin bis heute eine erneute anaphylaktische Reaktion vermeiden und gleichzeitig die zuvor bestehenden Einschränkungen ihres täglichen Lebens deutlich lindern. Trotz dieses Erfolges kann die SOTI mangels etablierter und sicherer Protokolle noch nicht standardmäßig empfohlen werden und sollte nur in besonderen Fällen in Erwägung gezogen werden.
Mehr als Schwarz oder Weiß: das Borderline-Syndrom
Authors: Stöcker Margarete
Published: February 2020

Die Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung ist mehr als das Schwanken zwischen extremen Gefühlen und auch mehr als das selbstverletzende Verhalten, auf das die betroffenen Menschen oft reduziert werden. Unsere Autorin gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über die Symptomatik und die Entstehung dieser Erkrankung, zeigt Empfehlungen zur Prävention auf und führt anhand eines Praxisbeispiels eine exemplarische Verhaltensanalyse durch.
Das Tagebuch auf einer operativen Intensivstation
Authors: Auerswald Jessica
Published: February 2020

Patienten auf einer Intensivstation sind häufig sediert und nehmen ihren Aufenthalt nicht bewusst wahr: Sie sind gefangen in der Situation und im eigenen Körper. Damit sich nach dem Intensivaufenthalt keine Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung entwickelt, kann es helfen, wenn Pflegende und Angehörige ein Intensivtagebuch führen. Im Nachhinein kann der Patient dann anhand der Einträge nachvollziehen, was während seiner Zeit auf der Intensivstation mit ihm geschehen ist.
Das Obduktionsgespräch mit Hinterbliebenen
Authors: Sulik Jan
Published: February 2020

Wenn ein Patient in der Obhut einer Klinik verstirbt, stehen die behandelnden Ärzte in der Pflicht, seinen Hinterbliebenen diese Nachricht angemessen zu übermitteln. Die Todesnachricht zu überbringen und quasi im gleichen Atemzug die Familienangehörigen um die Akzeptanz einer Obduktion zu bitten, gehört zu den schwierigeren kommunikativen Aufgaben, mit denen Krankenhausärzte beruflich konfrontiert werden, vergleichbar mit dem Thema Organspende oder dem Übermitteln einschneidender Diagnosen. Routine kommt dabei niemals auf und lässt sich wohl auch nicht entwickeln.

Nicht nur Ärzte prädestinierter Fachdisziplinen, wie beispielsweise Onkologen, Intensiv- oder Palliativmediziner, sondern jeder Krankenhausarzt mit unmittelbarem Patientenkontakt ist früher oder später mit der Problematik konfrontiert, denn in der Regel ist der letztbehandelnde Arzt für das Hinterbliebenengespräch zuständig. Die klinische Obduktion darf darin kein Tabuthema sein. Sie sollte als finale ärztliche Aufgabe verstanden werden, als Therapiefazit und als Chance, das medizinische Gesamtbild des Verstorbenen abschließend um bisher unbekannte Befunde zu ergänzen. Soll ein Obduktionsgespräch aus ärztlicher Sicht „erfolgreich“ verlaufen, sind neben einfachen Regeln menschlicher Kommunikation auch elementare ethisch-moralische und juristische Grundsätze sowie soziale und praktische Fragen zu beachten.
Sekundäre Neuroprotektion beim Glaukom durch ergänzende medikamentöse Therapiekonzepte
Authors: Erb Carl
Published: February 2020

Das primäre Offenwinkelglaukom (POWG) wird derzeit als eine neurodegenerative Systemerkrankung angesehen. Die alleinige individualisierte Augeninnendrucksenkung wird dabei dem komplexen Geschehen im chronischen Verlauf der Erkrankung nicht gerecht werden, sodass begleitende medikamentöse Therapiekonzepte sinnvoll sind. Anhand von 4 Therapiestrategien, wie die Verbesserung der mitochondrialen Atmungskette mit Coenzym Q10, die Stabilisierung der mitochondrialen und zellulären Plasmamembranen mit Citicolin, die Verminderung des oxidativen Stresses am Auge und im Körper mit Curcumin und die Verbesserung des Fettstoffwechsels, speziell des LDL-Cholesterins, mit der Anwendung der Statine, soll ein Einblick in mögliche additive Therapieansätze gegeben werden. Da neuroprotektive Therapien als Monotherapien wenig erfolgversprechend sein dürften, werden sie eher in der Kombination aus verschiedenen Therapieansätzen bestehen.
„Wirtschaftlicher Druck darf Patientenversorgung nicht gefährden“
Authors: Hartmann Sabrina
Published: February 2020

Das derzeitige Abrechnungssystem nach Fallpauschalen führt nach Ansicht der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Internistische Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin e. V. (DGIIN) zu ökonomischen Fehlanreizen in den Krankenhäusern, welche die Versorgungsqualität beinträchtigen und einer konstruktiven Weiterentwicklung unseres Gesundheitssystems im Wege stehen. Experten der DGIIN haben deshalb Vorschläge erarbeitet, wie das Finanzierungssystem verändert werden könnte, um Fehlentwicklungen der vergangenen Jahrzehnte zu korrigieren.
Ginger Tea on Dysmenorrhoea Among Nursing Students
Authors: Crasta Sheetal , Fernandes Philomena , Paul Shynee
Published: February 2020

Background Dysmenorrhea is a common problem which can alter the daily routines of females. Primary dysmenorrhea affects 40 to 90% women. Dysmenorrhea sufferers account for 3 among 4 women as per evidences. Traditional remedies are chosen to get some relief because of their least side effects. These remedies have a favorable effect in reducing dysmenorrhea. Ginger is used since ancient times as various forms of alternative medicine. One of the traditional uses of ginger is for pain relief, including menstrual pain. The aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness of ginger tea in dysmenorrhea.

Objectives The objectives of this study are (1) Assess the level of dysmenorrhea among nursing students. (2) Determine the effectiveness of ginger tea on dysmenorrhea among nursing students. (3) Find the association between level of dysmenorrhea before the administration of ginger tea and demographic variables.

Methodology A quantitative research approach with quasi-experimental design was considered. The sample comprised of 50 students with moderate and severe menstrual pain as per numerical pain rating scale. The baseline data was collected. Ginger tea was prepared by the researcher and administered 120 mL to the subjects; on the first 2 days of menstruation in the morning and night after breakfast and dinner, respectively. Level of different aspects of pain was assessed before the administration as well as 2 hours after administration of ginger tea using Pain Quality Assessment Scale. Pre- and post-test were taken before as well as 2 hours after administering the drink. A total of four doses are given and ratings were measured eight times. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results The present study revealed that the median score of all seven characteristics of pain was higher in the preintervention when compared with postintervention. Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was a significant difference in level of pain between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that there was a significant difference in pain measurements before and after the administration of ginger tea (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that ginger tea was effective in reducing menstrual pain. Chi-square test and likelihood ratio were used to find the association between baseline dysmenorrhea with demographic and clinical variables. It was found that there is no significant association (p > 0.05). The responses given by the experimental and control group was mentioned separately. Ginger tea effects and experience were verbalized by the experimental group alone. This supported the statistical finding that ginger tea is effective in reducing dysmenorrhea.

Conclusion Findings revealed that the administration of ginger tea can bring a sudden relief among the subjects with dysmenorrhea. The awareness about alternative therapies must be created among public.
Influence of preparation processes on thermophysical properties of molten salt
Authors: Zhu Chuang , Gong Li , Tie Sheng-nian
Published: February 2020

Molten salt has been widely studied as a heat storage material, but some properties of molten salt reported in different literature studies are not completely consistent. In order to make data comparison more convenient and improve the effectiveness of scientific research communication, reasons for the data discrepancy were studied. In this work, the relationship between the preparation of NaNO3–KNO3 binary molten salt and thermophysical properties was studied. Six preparation methods including static melting method, dissolution method, stirring evaporation method, boiling evaporation method, tap water dissolution method, and grinding method were adopted. The thermophysical properties studied include melting range, latent heat, and decomposition temperature. The experimental results show that all the above methods can be used to prepare NaNO3–KNO3 molten salt with good thermophysical properties except for the dissolution method, which would lead to uneven distribution of compositions. For the grinding method, it is found that the properties of molten salt are stable when the particle size is less than 96 µm. Samples prepared by these feasible methods have a melting point range of 220–240 °C. Their latent heat is more than 100 J/g and the decomposition temperature up to ∼580 °C. Thermal properties are affected to some extent by the preparing process, such as impurities in the solvent or the drying process.
Improving transducers for rotational energy harvesting
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: February 2020

Researchers exploit the static instability of the centrifugal softening effect to increase power performance of piezoelectric transducers for rotational energy harvesting.
Review of Mutarotase in ‘Metabolic Subculture’ and Analytical Biochemistry: Prelude to 19F NMR Studies of its Substrate Specificity and Mechanism
Authors: Shishmarev Dmitry , Quiquempoix Lucas , Fontenelle Clément Q. , Linclau Bruno , Kuchel Philip W.
Published: February 2020

This is the first paper in a sequential pair devoted to the enzyme mutarotase (aldose 1-epimerase; EC 5.1.3.3). Here, the broader context of the physiological role of mutarotase, among those enzymes considered to be part of ‘metabolic structure’, is reviewed. We also summarise the current knowledge about the molecular mechanism and substrate specificity of the enzyme, which is considered in the context of the binding of fluorinated glucose analogues to the enzyme’s active site. This was done as a prelude to our experimental studies of the anomerisation of fluorinated sugars by mutarotase that are described in the following paper.
Phase Diagram of a Spin-Orbit Coupled Dipolar Fermi Gas at T = 0 K*
Authors: Feng Xue-Jing , Yin Lan
Published: February 2020

We study a homogeneous two-component dipolar Fermi gas with 1D spin-orbit coupling (SOC) at zero temperature and find that the system undergoes a transition from the paramagnetic phase to the ferromagnetic phase under suitable dipolar interaction constant λ
d, SOC constant λ
SOC and contact interaction constant λ
s. This phase transition can be of either 1st order or 2nd order, depending on the parameters. Near the 2nd-order phase transition, the system is partially magnetized in the ferromagnetic phase. With SOC, the ferromagnetic phase can even exist in the absence of the contact interaction. The increase in dipolar interaction, SOC strength, and contact interaction are all helpful to stabilize the ferromagnetic state. The critical dipolar interaction strength at the phase transition can be reduced by the increase in SOC strength or contact interaction. Phase diagrams of these systems are obtained.
Single- and Double-Electron Capture Processes in Low-Energy Collisions of N4+ Ions with He*
Authors: Wang Kun , Wang Xiao-Xia , Qu Yi-Zhi , Liu Chun-Hua , Liu Ling , Wu Yong , Buenker Robert J.
Published: February 2020

We investigate the electron capture processes of N4+(1s
22s) colliding with He(1s
2) in the energy range of 10–1700 eV/amu using the quantum-mechanical molecular-orbital close-coupling (QMOCC) method. Total and state-selective single-electron capture and double-electron capture (SEC and DEC) cross sections are obtained and compared with other available studies. The results agree better with the experimental data in both trend and magnitude when the electron translation factor (ETF) effects are included. Our results indicate that both the SEC and DEC processes play important roles in the considered energy region. For the SEC processes, the N3+(1s
22p
2) + He+(1s) states are the dominant capture states, and the N2+(1s
22s2p
2) + He2+ states are the main DEC states.
A CMOS Compatible Si Template with (111) Facets for Direct Epitaxial Growth of III–V Materials*
Authors: Wei Wen-Qi , Wang Jian-Huan , Zhang Jie-Yin , Feng Qi , Wang Zihao , Xu Hong-Xing , Wang Ting , Zhang Jian-Jun
Published: February 2020

III–V quantum dot (QD) lasers monolithically grown on CMOS-compatible Si substrates are considered as essential components for integrated silicon photonic circuits. However, epitaxial growth of III–V materials on Si substrates encounters three obstacles: mismatch defects, antiphase boundaries (APBs), and thermal cracks. We study the evolution of the structures on U-shaped trench-patterned Si (001) substrates with various trench orientations by homoepitaxy and the subsequent heteroepitaxial growth of GaAs film. The results show that the formation of (111)-faceted hollow structures on patterned Si (001) substrates with trenches oriented along [110] direction can effectively reduce the defect density and thermal stress in the GaAs/Si epilayers. The (111)-faceted silicon hollow structure can act as a promising platform for the direct growth of III–V materials for silicon based optoelectronic applications.
Phase Effects of Long-Wavelength Rayleigh–Taylor Instability on the Thin Shell*
Authors: Li Zhi-Yuan , Wang Li-Feng , Wu Jun-Feng , Ye Wen-Hua
Published: February 2020

Taking the long-wavelength Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) on the thin shell of inertial confinement fusion as the research object, a linear analytical model is presented to study the phase effects that are caused by the phase difference of single-mode perturbations on the two interfaces. Its accuracy is tested by numerical simulations. By analyzing the characteristic of this model, it is found that the phase difference does not change the basic RTI structure (only one spike and one bubble in a period). However, the symmetry of the spike and bubble is destroyed, which has non-expected influences on the convergent motion of ICF targets. Meanwhile, the phenomenon that the distance between spikes and bubbles along the vertical direction of acceleration differs by π is demonstrated. It is also shown that when the phase difference is large, the temporal evolution of the RTI is more serious and the thin target is easier to tend to break.
Effects of Low-Damage Plasma Treatment on the Channel 2DEG and Device Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs*
Authors: Bao SiQin-GaoWa , Zhu Jie-Jie , Ma Xiao-Hua , Hou Bin , Yang Ling , Chen Li-Xiang , Zhu Qing , Hao Yue
Published: February 2020

We investigate the effects of remote nitride-based plasma treatment on the channel carrier and device characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). A 200 W NH3/N2 remote plasma causes little degeneration of carrier mobility and an increase in electron density due to surface alteration, which results in a decrease in sheet resistance and an increase in output current by 20–30%. Improved current slump, suppressed gate leakage current, and improved Schottky contact properties are also achieved by using low-damage nitride-based plasma treatment. It is found that NH3/N2 remote plasma treatment is a promising technique for GaN-based HEMTs to modulate the surface conditions and channel properties.