bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunization of Lambs with Recombinant Myostatin Affects Growth Rates
Authors: Zhukova O. B. , Koloskova E. M.
Published: November 2024

Immuno-biotechnological methods for increasing the meat productivity of farm animals may be in demand for effective animal husbandry. Currently, recombinant proteins and peptides are increasingly used as antigens for immunization purposes. Previously, we obtained a strain-producer of recombinant myostatin. The protein was developed, purified under denaturing conditions and, in a composition with aluminum hydroxide gel, rMST was used as a vaccine for immunization of four-month-old lambs. The effect of the vaccine administration method on the live weight gain of lambs was investigated. It was shown that onetime subcutaneous multipoint immunization of four-month-old lambs with rMST at a dosage of 1 mg/head in aluminum hydroxide gel as an adjuvant was more effective than intramuscular vaccination in stimulating body weight gain.
Role of Technological Innovations in the Creation of Novel Deer Musk-Based Drugs
Authors: Pomytkin I. A. , Gasanov M. T. , Karkischenko V. N. , Nesterov M. S. , Fokin Yu. V. , Petrova N. V. , Alimkina O. V. , Karkischenko N. N.
Published: November 2024

Musk is a dried secretion of the preputial gland of musk deer, widely used since the middle of the 4th century as a biostimulant in traditional Arabic, Indian, Tibetan, and Chinese medicine. Currently, within the transition to evidence-based medicine, relationships between the composition of musk and its pharmacological properties is being studied. Musk is a multicomponent system consisting of substances of different classes, the content and relative amounts of which are directly affected by the technology of musk extraction. The development of a new method – electropulse extraction – significantly increased the yield of the extract and affected the composition of musk by increasing the relative content of the peptide-protein fraction. This ensured the emergence of new properties of musk, namely the property to increase physical performance while increasing the safety of physical activity by suppressing the state of inflammation and oxidative stress associated with extreme stress. In general, progress in the development of new deer musk-based drugs is associated with technological innovations in this industry.
“O God of Newton and Clarke, have mercy on me!”: Nicholas Saunderson, Denis Diderot and the only possible answer to Molyneux’s question
Authors: Parigi Silvia
Published: November 2024

This essay deals with the early discussion of Molyneux’s question - which may hopefully cast some light on the contemporary debate – and is written from an historical point of view. I will claim that, in the eighteenth century history of Molyneux’s question, there is a leading figure: Denis Diderot; the most original and fruitful answer is given in his Lettre sur les aveugles à l’usage de ceux qui voient (1749). From the historical background of Diderot’s analysis, both the merits and limitations of the negative and positive answers, along with the inadequacy of the standard classification between “empiricists” and “rationalists”, will also emerge. Diderot’s “relativistic” solution is a turning point in the whole philosophical discussion of Molyneux’s question, in that it has been confirmed by clinical reports of surgical operations of blind people, starting from Cheselden’s case.
PELATIHAN INSTALASI DAN PENATAAN RUNNING TEXT SEBAGAI JADWAL SHOLAT DIGITAL BAGI MUSHOLA DARUSSALAM, DI RT 03/ RW 04, PACIRAN, LAMONGAN
Authors: Fakhruddin Muhammad , Mashudi Imam , Wirawan  , Gunawan Chandra , Kusuma Aji Supa , Pramita Sari Nurlia
Published: November 2024

Indonesia merupakan negara muslim terbesar di dunia, dengan jumlah 264 juta penduduk yang tersebar di berbagai pulau. Dengan mayoritas penduduk Indonesia yang beragama muslim maka jumlah tempat peribadatan atau masjid dan mushola jumlahnya sebanding dengan penduduknya. Saat ini terdapat sekitar 250 ribu masjid dan 550 ribu mushola. Namun dari jumlah tersebut tercatat ribuan masjid masih mempunyai peralatan dan sistem pemantauan jam sholat yang kurang baik yang buruk. Perkembangan dan pemanfaat teknologi dalam bentuk jam digital dan running text begitu luas. Hampir semua Mushola-Mushola besar terpasang jam digital dan running text. Dengan adanya jam digital waktu sholat otomatis ini diharapkan takmir, santri dan jamaah Mushola Darussalam bisa dilakukan dengan nyaman, khusuk, dan tepat waktu dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan beribadah/sholat. Untuk melaksanakan PPM ini akan dilakukan dengan tahapan suvei lapangan, pembuatan alat, pemasangan alat, dan pelatihan penggunaan dan perawatan alat.
Bimbingan dan Pelatihan Membuat Pembukuan Keuangan Berbasis Digital pada UMKM Batik Kantil Malang
Authors: Ita Rifiani Pertamasari  , Lilies Nur Aini  , Umi Khabibah  , Fullchis Nurtjahjani  , Jatrifia Ongga Sinatriya  , Yulis Nurul Aini  , Ane Fany Novitasari
Published: November 2024

Pembukuan keuangan atau sistem akuntansi pada usaha kecil menengah dalam skala terkecil sekalipun mutlak dibutuhkan walaupun banyak pengusaha konvensional menganggapnya sebagai hal yang merepotkan. Dengan bantuan perkembangan teknologi, kini pencatatan keuangan dapat dilakukan dengan komputerisasi. UMKM Batik Kantil Malang masih menghadapi permasalahan pencatatan keuangan secara manual sehingga kualitas pencatatan keuangan pada usaha tersebut belum baik. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan bimbingan dan pelatihan pencatatan keuangan dengan aplikasi Microsoft Excel. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah karyawan UMKM Batik Kantil Malang dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, tutorial, diskusi dan latihan. Kegiatan pembinaan ini dilakukan untuk membina serta melatih para pelaku UMKM dalam menganalisa transaksi-transaksi secara nyata hingga proses penyusunan laporan keuangan
 
Kata kunci: Pencatatan, Keuangan, Microsoft Excel
Optimizing PhET Use in Rwandan Mathematics and Sciences Teaching
Authors: Niyibizi Onesme
Published: November 2024

This qualitative study examined the effectiveness of professional development programs for mathematics and sciences teachers in four public secondary schools within Gasabo District, Rwanda. The primary focus was to evaluate how these programs enhance teachers' ability to integrate Physics Education Technology (PhET) simulations into their classrooms. The research involved 42 participants. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Findings revealed that professional development programs significantly improved teachers' confidence and proficiency in using PhET simulations, resulting in more engaging and effective mathematics and science education. The study highlighted the importance of adapted professional development to enhance teachers' use of technology in the classroom, with potential implications for improving mathematics and science education in the region.
Unlocking The Potential of Artificial Intellignce:
Authors: Ogunsakin Isaac
Published: November 2024

This systematic review explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in shaping assessment practices within 21st-century education. It critically examines the integration of AI technologies such as Automated Essay Scoring (AES), adaptive learning systems, and learning analytics, emphasizing their contributions to personalized learning experiences and real-time feedback mechanisms. The review identifies key opportunities for AI to enhance educational assessment, including the automation of scoring and the provision of adaptive feedback. However, it also addresses significant ethical challenges such as algorithmic bias, data privacy, and the need for transparency. We urge policymakers and educators to establish robust ethical guidelines and invest in comprehensive educator training to ensure the responsible use of AI in educational settings. The future directions suggest an increase in the integration of AI technologies, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to enhance validity, reliability, and address ethical considerations in AI-driven assessment practices.
Incorporating Indigenous Knowledge into Chemistry Lessons on Acids and Bases:
Authors: Simasiku Fredrick Simataa , M. Ngcoza Kenneth
Published: November 2024

This study delved into the potential and hurdles involved in integrating indigenous knowledge (IK) into Physical Science lessons among Namibian teachers. Rooted in an interpretive paradigm, it adopted a qualitative case study approach, gathering data through observations and stimulated recall interviews. Socio-cultural theory served as the overarching framework, with Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) used as a lens for data analysis. Specifically, the study employed five knowledge components within the realm of topic-specific pedagogical content knowledge (TSPCK) to scrutinize the data. Two Grade 9 Physical Science teachers were observed teaching concepts on Acids and Bases, with each teacher's two lessons providing qualitative data. Teachers were purposively sampled for inclusion in the study. The findings indicated that teachers possessed local knowledge that could be effectively integrated into Physical Science topics. For example, the topic of acids and bases was identified as conducive to incorporating IK. Both observed teachers utilized local substances to enable learners to practically test them using litmus paper (blue or red). Substances such as Omutoko (wood ash), Oshikundu (a traditional drink made from Mahangu flour and sorghum), Oshimhumu (a shrub used for dental hygiene), and Onghalanyenye (subterranean soil) were tested for their acidic or alkaline properties during Physical Science lessons. Stimulated recall interviews further revealed teachers' awareness of homegrown substances suitable for teaching acids and bases in science lessons.
Integrating Learning Analytics, AI, and STEM Education:
Authors: Kim Tai Ki
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the integration of Learning Analytics (LA), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and STEM education within classroom settings, aimed at enhancing educational outcomes. By examining the synergistic effects and interactions among LA, AI, and STEM disciplines, this review highlights how these technologies can collectively transform educational practices. It discusses the potential of LA and AI to personalize learning experiences, thereby improving engagement and academic success in STEM subjects. The paper also explores various case studies and success stories, illustrating practical implementations and the significant impact these technologies have made in schools. Additionally, it addresses the challenges and considerations related to the ethical use of AI and data privacy, providing insights into how educators and policymakers can navigate these issues. Overall, this review underscores the critical role of technology in shaping the future of education by fostering more adaptive and inclusive learning environments.
En meningsfull lokalhistoria?: Forskning för akademi och lokalsamhälle
Authors: Ludvigsson David
Published: November 2024

För ett par veckor sedan var jag på ett seminarium i Stockholm som anordnades av Stads- och kommunhistoriska institutet. Seminariet skulle handla om lokalhistoria. Ni vet säkert alla att seminarier är viktiga sammanhang för oss forskare. Ibland kallas forskarseminariet för humanvetenskapernas laboratorium, och med det avses att det är på seminariet som tolkningar presenteras, prövas och förkastas, det är där kunskaper växer fram. Ofta ställer seminariedeltagarna centrala frågor, problem och begrepp i fokus, för någon kan till exempel komma på att ett visst begrepp är otydligt använt, eller i behov av precisering. Vid just det här seminariet var lokalhistoria ämnet för dagen, och samtalet bidrog till att problematisera hur vi ska förstå lokalhistoria och lokalhistoriker idag.

Ett av de intressantaste inspelen under seminariet kom från en duktig och hedervärd historiker som nämnde att han har forskat på lokalt historiskt material – men han förklarade samtidigt att ”jag är inte lokalhistoriker”.

Nu kan man uppfatta detta påpekande på olika sätt. Kanske menade historikern i fråga att han i första hand arbetar med annat än lokalt material, eller att de vetenskapliga frågor som han ville försöka besvara inte primärt har med lokalsamhället att göra. Det är fullt rimligt. Men oavsett vad skälet var så tycker jag det är intressant att en forskare på något sätt markerar avstånd till lokalhistoria. Det har nämligen framkommit tidigare att akademiska historiker är motvilliga att säga att de forskar om lokalhistoria och inte heller vill kalla sig själva för lokalhistoriker. Den norske historikern Ingar Kaldal (2007), som skrivit mycket om lokala förhållanden, har uttryckt sig på ungefär samma sätt, alltså förklarat att han inte kallar sig lokalhistoriker. Så något slags spänning föreligger kring lokalhistoria som fenomen och lokalhistoriker som begrepp.

Jag har ju nyligen blivit professor med inriktning mot lokalhistoria och tänkte därför i den här föreläsningen försöka reda ut 1) vad lokalhistoria är eller kan vara, 2) vad det är som gör lokalhistoria potentiellt laddat, åtminstone i Sverige, men också 3) vad som från mitt perspektiv gör lokalhistoria relevant, angeläget och meningsfullt.
Dual-phase SilMA hydrogel: a dynamic scaffold for sequential drug release and enhanced spinal cord repair via neural differentiation and immunomodulation
Authors: Zhang Ruizhi , Zhang Mingzhe , Chen Lu , Jiang Linlin , Zou Chenbo , Li Na , Zhou Hengxing , Feng Shiqing
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system disorder that results in significant sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunctions. Current surgical techniques and high-dose hormone therapies have not achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic strategies.

Methods

In this study, we developed a Dual-Phase Silk Fibroin Methacryloyl (SilMA) hydrogel scaffold (DPSH) that incorporates PLGA microspheres encapsulating neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and angiotensin (1-7) (Ang-(1–7)). The DPSH is designed for temporally controlled release of therapeutic agents to reduce inflammation during the acute phase of SCI and to promote neuronal differentiation and axonal regeneration in later stages.

Results

Comprehensive characterization of the DPSH revealed a highly porous architecture, suitable mechanical properties for spinal cord tissue, and stability unaffected by the incorporation of microspheres and drugs. In vitro studies demonstrated that Ang-(1–7) significantly induced M2 microglia polarization by 1.8-fold (p < 0.0001), effectively reducing inflammation. Additionally, NT-3 enhanced neural stem cell differentiation into neurons by 3.6-fold (p < 0.0001). In vivo experiments showed that the DPSH group exhibited significantly higher Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) scores (p < 0.0001), enhanced motor function, reduced astrocyte scarring by 54% (p < 0.05), and improved neuronal survival and regeneration.

Discussion

These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of the DPSH scaffold for SCI repair, presenting a novel strategy to enhance neural recovery through a combination of immunomodulation and neuroprotection.
Complicated mycotic saccular aneurysm of the infra-renal abdominal aorta with infected retroperitoneal hematoma: a clinical case report
Authors: Chinaliyev A. M. , Jussubaliyev Y. I. , Khassenov D. T. , Sabyruly D. , Shaimerden E. M. , Kapyshev M. S. , Aleushinov R. I. , Aitkul S. Sh. , Yessenbayeva G. A. , Sagandykov I. N. , Sultanaliyev T. A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening emergency, with untreated cases nearing a 100% mortality rate. This case presents a rare complication of AAA rupture with an infected retroperitoneal hematoma, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach.

Case presentation

A 59-year-old male presented with lower back pain, fever, and difficulty moving, persisting for three weeks. Imaging revealed a saccular infra-renal AAA rupture with an infected retroperitoneal hematoma. Emergency surgery included extracorporeal subclavian-femoral bypass and aneurysm resection. Despite intraoperative complications, the patient recovered after 16 days in intensive care and was discharged in satisfactory condition. Follow-up CT one month later showed functioning bypasses and clinical improvement.

Conclusion

This case illustrates the critical need for early diagnosis and coordinated surgical intervention in complex AAA ruptures complicated by infection. Timely multidisciplinary treatment is crucial to prevent further complications and improve patient outcomes.
Early paleozoic evolution of the South Bainaimiao Ocean: constraints from the Chegendalai ophiolite mélange
Authors: Feng Chenfei , Wang Guosheng , Zhou Zhiguang , Gao Shen , Chen Jianfeng , Hu Hao
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Arc-continent collision contributes to the accretion of continental crust in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The Chegendalai ophiolitic mélange, located between the Bainaimiao arc and the North China Craton, is important to understanding the early Paleozoic evolution of the South Bainaimiao Ocean and arc-continent collision processes.

Methods

In this study, we provide Early Paleozoic geochronological and geochemical data from the Chegendalai ophiolitic mélange and island arc magmatic rocks in northern Damaoqi.

Results

Zircon U-Pb dating of ultrabasic rocks and diabase porphyrite from the Chegendalai ophiolitic mélange yielded ages of 424 Ma and 431.9 Ma, respectively. Schist has an age of 421 Ma. Zircon U-Pb ages of island arc magmatic rocks are 425.7 Ma for tonalite, and 431 ± 11 Ma and 433.2 ± 4.4 Ma for granodiorite. Gabbro and ultrabasic rocks were formed in a volcanic arc basalt or mid-ocean ridge setting, displaying a tholeiitic basalt signature. These rocks likely derived from the lithospheric mantle with assimilation of crustal materials. Intermediate-acid magmatic rocks in northern Damaoqi are geochemically classified as I-type granites and exhibit characteristics of adakites.

Discussion

These rocks formed by partial melting of subducted plates and interactions with crustal and mantle wedges in a volcanic arc setting. Based on these results, we propose a three-stage evolution model for the South Bainaimiao Ocean: (i) Initial subduction during the Ordovician (∼450 Ma), where the Bainaimiao arc separated the South Bainaimiao Ocean from the PaleoAsian Ocean, with the former acting as a branch ocean basin of the latter; (ii) Northward subduction from the Ordovician to Late Silurian (450–424 Ma), with the South Bainaimiao Ocean subducting northward. The subducted slab partially melted and interacted with the crust-mantle wedge, leading to the formation of subduction-related island arc magmatic rocks; (iii) Closure during the Late Silurian (424–421 Ma), marked by the collision of the Bainaimiao arc with the North China Craton in an arc-continent collision, ending orogenesis with the Xibiehe Formation.
Dynamic effective stress analysis of a site with liquefiable interlayer: considering vertical and horizontal ground motion
Authors: Peng Xiao-Bo , Gao Yuan , Xue Ying-Ying , Tao Xiao-San , Xu Ling-Yu
Published: November 2024

This study uses a fully coupled dynamic effective stress analysis method to evaluate the seismic response of a site containing silty sand which is a liquefiable interlayer. A generalized plasticity model is employed to describe the liquefaction behavior of silty sand under seismic action, and a nonlinear constitutive model is used to account for the nonlinear and hysteretic characteristics of non-liquefiable soils. The parameters of constitutive model were calibrated from the shear wave velocity and results of resonant column tests on different soils in a borehole. The results indicated that (1) A new spike with a period of approximately 1 s was observed at the top of the liquefiable interlayer compared to that at the bottom of the interlayer, reflecting a common seismic response characteristic induced by the rise in the excess pore water pressure (EPWP); (2) The low-frequency input motion caused higher EPWP within the liquefiable interlayer and more ground settlement at the consolidation stage; (3) The increase in either peak horizontal acceleration or peak vertical acceleration of input motions resulted in higher increase in the EPWP and ground surface settlement. Moreover, the vertical seismic component in near-field earthquakes has much more significant effect on the ground settlement in liquefiable sites than that in far-field earthquakes.
OGPA: a novel indicator hinting at the academic performance of Chinese vocational college students using stepwise regression
Authors: Chen Juntao , Wei Shuling , Zhou Xiaodeng , Yao Jiahua , Tang Su-Kit
Published: November 2024

Studying the factors influencing the academic performance of higher education students has been a major focus of attention for research scholars across the world. However, empirical research literature specifically addressing this topic in the context of Chinese higher vocational colleges remains limited. This study aims to construct a novel indicator that hints at the academic performance of Chinese college students. Using approximately 2,270 records of students majoring in economics and management from the 2016 to 2020 academic years, this comprehensive study analyzed various aspects of their academic and extracurricular performance, encompassing 33 variables. These variables ranged from fundamental demographic characteristics to essential academic metrics like Gaokao Scores (GKs), College English Test 4 (CET4), academic achievements, participation and outcomes in skill competitions, student honors received, challenges faced, and involvement in volunteer services. This study found that (1) GKs, CET4, National Computer Rank Examination (NCRE), Total Scholarship (TSS), Outstanding Student (OS), Outstanding Student Leader (OSL), General Difficulty Student (GDS), and Volunteer Service Hours (VSHs) all show a significant positive correlation with academic performance and (2) age was negatively correlated with academic performance. In addition, the study also found that the effect of volunteer service on academic performance showed a folded relationship between “valley” and “peak.” These findings provide a source of ideas and empirical references for college education administrators and educational policymakers when revising or developing policy documents.
The harmful effect of ankylosing spondylitis on diabetes mellitus: new evidence from the Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Ren Zheng , He Liang , Wang Jing , Shu Li , Li Chenyang , Ma Yuan
Published: November 2024

Background

While observational research has highlighted a possible link between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the quality of evidence remains limited, and the causal relationship is yet to be established. This study aims to explore the causal link between AS and T2DM, as well as its impact on traits related to glucose metabolism.

Method

To infer a causal relationship between AS and various diabetes-related traits, including type 1 diabetes (T1DM), T2DM, blood glucose levels, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and fasting insulin, we employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We sourced GWAS summary data for both exposure and outcome variables from the IEU OpenGWAS database, GWAS Catalog, and FinnGen database. To synthesize the results of the MR analyses, we applied meta-analysis techniques using either a fixed or random effects model. For identifying and excluding instrumental variants (IVs) that exhibit horizontal pleiotropy with the outcomes, we utilized the MR-PRESSO method. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using the MR-Egger method, along with Q and I^2 tests, to ensure the robustness of our findings.

Results

Our analysis revealed a significant association between AS and an increased risk of T1DM with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.5754 (95% CI: 1.2935 to 1.9187) and T2DM with an OR of 1.0519 (95% CI: 1.0059 to 1.1001). Additionally, AS was associated with elevated levels of fasting glucose (beta coefficient = 0.0165, 95% CI: 0.0029 to 0.0301) and blood glucose (beta coefficient = 0.0280, 95% CI: 0.0086 to 0.0474), alongside a decrease in fasting insulin levels (beta coefficient = -0.0190, 95% CI: -0.0330 to -0.0050).

Conclusion

Our findings collectively underscore the detrimental impact of AS on the development of diabetes, highlighting the critical influence of autoimmune disorders in diabetes onset. This provides profound insights into the pathogenesis of diabetes from an immunological standpoint.
Exploring the association between muscle mass and thyroid function in Chinese community subjects over 45 years old with normal thyroid function: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Zhu Zaisheng , Qian Yidan , Ding Pan , Jin Kejia , Chen Junpeng , Fu Jiayue , Zhao Hongjun , Chen Chengshui , Chen Junjie
Published: November 2024

Background

Currently, nothing is known about the connection between muscle mass and thyroid hormone levels in middle-aged and elderly Chinese with normal thyroid function. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential association between muscle mass and thyroid function status in middle-aged and elderly Chinese subjects with normal thyroid function.

Methods

A cohort of 1868 participants in China were included in this retrospective study; their mean age was 53.97 years, and their skeletal muscle mass index was 7.44 kg/m2. Of them, 60.97% were men. Thyroid hormone concentrations, standard biochemical indices, and the frequency of chronic illnesses were among the many factors that were evaluated. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to assess the patients’ body composition. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated using the following formula: SMI = ASM (kg)/height 2 (m2), where ASM stands for appendicular skeletal muscle mass. To identify the correlations between the variables, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the potential linkages between thyroid hormone levels and diminished muscle mass.

Results

In this investigation, a significant correlation was observed between low muscle mass and FT3/FT4 (OR=0.044, 95% CI: 0.004–0.440, P=0.008), as well as FT3 (OR=0.697, 95% CI: 0.508–0.957, P=0.025). Conversely, no discernible correlation trend was detected with TSH (OR=0.972, 95% CI: 0.814–1.160, P=0.753) and FT4 (OR=1.97, 95% CI=0.983–1.224, P=0.1). Following adjustment for various confounding factors, including age, vitamin D levels, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, total protein, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia, and overweight/obesity, across the entire study population, a positive correlation between SMI and FT3/FT4 was identified. Subsequent gender, age, and weight-stratified analyses revealed consistent correlation trends between SMI and FT3/FT4, with all interactions yielding P-values > 0.05.

Conclusion

Our study has revealed that among middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals exhibiting normal thyroid function, a reduction in the free T3 to free T4 ratio is associated with a decline in muscle mass.
Waist circumference, among metabolic syndrome components, predicts degraded trabecular bone score: a retrospective study of a female population from the 2005-2008 NHANES cohorts
Authors: Totaro Maria , Barchetta Ilaria , Sentinelli Federica , Cimini Flavia Agata , Palazzi Sara , D’Alessandro Francesco , Spagnolo Luca , Dule Sara , Barbonetti Arcangelo , Cavallo Maria Gisella , Baroni Marco Giorgio
Published: November 2024

Background

Osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are conditions associated with ageing and chronic inflammation; among MetS’ components, visceral obesity has been correlated to low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. However, data on an increased fracture risk in MetS are still contrasting. The trabecular bone score (TBS) is an indicator of bone quality and a potential predictive factor for fractures. We aim to explore the relationship between MetS components and TBS.

Methods

we analyzed data from 3962 women in the 2005-2006 and 2007-2008 NHANES cohorts, for whom a valid TBS value was available. All analyses were adjusted for the principal risk factors of altered bone metabolism.

Results

An inverse significant association was observed between TBS and most of the MetS variables investigated, with the strongest correlation found with waist circumference (WC) (P <0.001). WC represented the major predictor of degraded TBS (P <0.001), in adjusted models considering age, 25(OH)Vitamin D, smoke and insulin resistance. Increased WC was significantly associated with the presence of bone fractures at the logistic regression analysis (P = 0.001) in all study participants and in the subgroup of women ≤50 years old after adjustment for potential confounders (P = 0.006).

Conclusion

This study, using a large sample of women, found a negative association of MetS on bone health, mainly driven by visceral obesity.
Research progress on the correlation between estrogen and estrogen receptor on postmenopausal sarcopenia
Authors: Zhang Chengmei , Feng Xin , Zhang Xue , Chen Yu , Kong Juan , Lou Yan
Published: November 2024

Estrogen is a necessary sex steroid and potent neuroprotective hormone. It plays a multifaceted role beyond the reproductive system, extending its influence to the brain, skeletal muscle, and other organs. Estrogen’s role in cognition, mood, autonomic regulation, and neuroprotection involves interactions with neurotransmitters, neuromodulators in a distributed manner. Notably, the impact of estrogen on mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle is particularly significant due to a unique modulated bioenergetic profiles, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal health. The deficiency of estrogen in menopause has been linked to changes in brain structure, connectivity, energy metabolism. Therewith, these are crucial factors in cognitive function and the risk of Alzheimer’s diseases. Besides, it leads to endocrine and metabolic dysfunction, resulting in osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, and a tendency toward decreased muscle mass and strength. Estrogen’s influence on mitochondrial function is particularly relevant to aging, as it affects the production of ATP and the overall metabolic health of the brain. Estrogen decline in women skeletal muscle mass is usually related to sarcopenia, a prevalent disease observed in vulnerable elderly individuals. Therefore, estrogen is considered to play a crucial role in skeletal muscle homeostasis and motor ability, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. This paper reviews the literature on the impact of estrogen on postmenopausal skeletal muscle diseases and the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially in terms of mitochondrial metabolism. In summary, estrogen plays an important role in the health of skeletal muscle in postmenopausal women, and its impact on mitochondrial function and homeostasis offers potential targets for the development of new strategies to treat sarcopenia.
Adrenal adenoma secreting 17-hydroxyprogesterone mimicking non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Woźniak Beata , Leszczyńska Dorota , Szatko Alicja , Nowak Karolina , Samsel Radosław , Siejka Anna , Papierska Lucyna , Zgliczyński Wojciech , Falhammar Henrik , Glinicki Piotr
Published: November 2024

In adrenal steroidogenesis, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) is a substrate for 21-hydroxylase, one of the crucial enzymes of the cortisol and aldosterone biosynthesis pathway. Thus, measurement serum 17-OHP concentration is used when the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency is suspected. In the classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency, randomly timed measurements of 17-OHP are generally significantly elevated using different immunoassays. In the non-classic form of CAH (NC-CAH), the activity of 21-hydroxylase is less decreased, therefore the measurements of 17-OHP after ACTH stimulation test are usually required for diagnosis. Nonetheless, elevated 17-OHP concentration may also origin from adrenal tumors or ovarian neoplasms as a result of defects in steroidogenesis with an accumulation of steroids precursors. The presented cases and the literature review draw attention to the occurrence of rare causes of benign adrenal adenomas with steroidogenesis defects which may lead to a misdiagnosis of CAH.
Effects of CO2–water–rock cycling cycles on sandstone pore structure
Authors: Huang Hao , Sun Qiang , Yang Duoxing , Geng Jishi , Zhang Liwei , Pan Yanning
Published: November 2024

As global CO2 levels increase, the storage of CO2 in saline aquifers is considered a large-scale and cost-effective method for mitigating CO2 emissions. To examine the impact of cyclic CO2 injection on sandstone formations within various saline aquifers, five cyclic injections of differing durations were performed, and the effects of the frequency and duration of CO2 injection cycles on sandstone pore structure were monitored using nuclear magnetic resonance. Additionally, ICP-OES was employed to assess changes in the total dissolved solids and metal ion concentrations in the saline water layer post-injection. The findings reveal that sandstone samples experience structural degradation as a result of cyclic injection. Initially, the proportion of macropores in sandstone samples increases with the number of injections but subsequently decreases. SO42– ions exert a more significant influence on the sandstone pore structure compared to Cl−ions. The concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the solution initially rise, followed by a subsequent decline. By integrating the principles of pore structure and considering the formation of crystals through the combination of metal cations and anions, the mechanism underlying the changes in sandstone pore structure due to cyclic injection is elucidated. This study explores the effects of CO2 cyclic injection on reservoir sandstone and evaluates how different saline aquifer types affect pore structure deterioration. The research offers valuable reference points and a foundation for laboratory investigations of underground CO2 storage in saline aquifers.
Research on relay setting attack defense in power systems based on a three-layer optimization model
Authors: Ren Liu , Binyuan Yan , Hengdao Guo , Junrong Liu , Yihua Zhu , Yun Fu , Liang Tu , Zeyuan Zhou
Published: November 2024

With the intelligent development of power systems, the number of relays continues to increase. Differences in manufacturers, systems, and protocols lead to growing security risks. Tampering with relay settings could potentially cause power outages or even system instability. Consequently, relay settings have gradually become a key target for cyberattacks, particularly in smart grids where traditional defense measures struggle to effectively address complex and diverse attack scenarios. To address this issue, this paper proposes a three-layer optimization defense model based on game theory, designed to adapt to various attack scenarios. The core methodology of this model includes a three-layer structure: The first layer optimizes the protection level of each relay by allocating limited defense budgets. The second layer analyzes the potential system damage based on the attacker’s strategy choices. The third layer comprehensively calculates system losses to evaluate the effectiveness of defense plans. Through layer-by-layer optimization of budget allocation, the model minimizes the unsupplied energy loss caused by relay setting attacks. Compared to existing methods, this model not only improves defense effectiveness under resource constraints but also addresses multiple complex attack scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that this model significantly enhances the system’s defense capabilities and effectively reduces the impact of attacks on system security operations.
Comparative ecological traits and environmental responses of two distinct populations of the critically endangered Cycas fairylakea in Guangdong, China
Authors: Liang Dan , Wei Yimin , Wang Peng’ao , Liu Xiuting , Wang Penghuan , Liu Yaojun , Zeng Siyuan , Wang Ruijiang
Published: November 2024

Cycas fairylakea is an endemic and Level-One National Key Protected Wild Plant in China. It is distributed in the Meilin Reservoir and Tanglangshan Country Park in Shenzhen. This study investigated two newly discovered wild populations in Taishan and Yangjiang, Guangdong Province. The forest community characteristics and population structure of these newly discovered populations remain unknown, and the sex ratio as well as the species’ responses to environmental factors have never been reported, despite their importance for the in-situ conservation of this Cycad. We conducted a comprehensive investigation of the ecological traits (soil properties, community characteristics, and phylogenetic diversity) and population characters (size, age structure, sex ratio, and spatial pattern) of C. fairylakea and determined the impact of environmental factors on the age structure and sex ratio. The results showed that the species number and composition of the two communities differed, yet no significant differences were observed in the plant diversity indices, with close phylogenetic affinities among species. Moreover, the sex ratio, determined by the MADS-Y marker, was relatively balanced. The age structure of the two populations exhibited a “reverse-J” shape, and the survival curves were of the Deevey’s type III, indicating low natural regeneration capacities with high mortality in the early stage. Redundancy analysis identified the soil properties as constraining factors of the C. fairylakea sex ratio, while climate factors and community species diversity and evenness indices positively impacted the sex ratio. The combined effects of soil, climate, topography, and shrub layer plant diversity were the main factors influencing the age structure and sex ratio of the C. fairylakea populations. A balanced sex ratio ensures reproductive capacity, which maintains population stability. However, the structural and numerical characteristics of C. fairylakea in the two regions are constrained by environmental pressures. The implementation of well-considered artificial conservation strategies and the safeguarding of the habitat are intended to bolster the survival rate of the seedlings, promote the healthy growth of middle-aged individuals, and maintain the sustained stability of the natural population of C. fairylakea.
The combination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion proteins LT33 and LT28 induced strong protective immunity in mice
Authors: He Pu , Wang Juan , Tan Daquan , Hu Lina , Ma Yanlin , Mi Youjun , Li Fei , Zhang Tingting , Du Yunjie , Zhang Wenhua , Li Jixi , Jiao Lei , Zhu Bingdong
Published: November 2024

Effective subunit vaccines for tuberculosis (TB) must target antigenic components at various stages of infection. In this study, we constructed fusion proteins using secreted antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), specifically ESAT6, CFP10, MPT64, and Rv2645 from the proliferation stage, along with latency-associated antigens Rv1738 and Rv1978. The resulting fusion proteins, designated LT33 (ESAT6-CFP10-Rv1738) and LT28 (MPT6461-170-Rv19788-60-Rv264521-80), were combined with an adjuvant containing dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (PolyI:C), and cholesterol to construct subunit vaccines. We evaluated the subunit vaccine effect in C57BL/6 mice and revealed that LT33 and LT28 exhibited strong immunogenicity and induced protective efficacy against aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Notably, the combination of LT33 and LT28 led to a significant reduction of 0.77 log10 colony-forming units (CFU) of H37Rv in the lungs compared to the adjuvant control group, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for subunit vaccine against M. tuberculosis infection.
Clinical characteristics and biomarkers of severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis triggered by immunotherapy followed by radiation: a case report
Authors: Zhu Yan , Yu Jianhe , Ren Qun , Wu Xiang , Xu Hongxia , Tian Tian , Liu Jiang
Published: November 2024

Background

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment landscape for tumor patients, dramatically improving survival rate. However, patients treated with immunotherapy are inevitably at risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) is an important type of IrAEs with a potentially lethal risk, which should be given more attention. Diagnosis and timely treatment of ICI-P is challenging due to the lack of specificity of its clinical and radiological features. Besides, poor understanding of biological mechanisms of ICI-P has led to a lack of reliable biomarkers to identify patients at risk, limiting timely treatment and proper management of it.

Case presentation

We presented longitudinal clinical features and successful treatment experience in a metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patient treated with immunochemotherapy followed by palliative radiotherapy for cervical lymph nodes who developed severe pneumonitis outside of the radiation field ten days after completion of radiotherapy suggestive of ICI-P. In addition, analysis of circulating biomarkers demonstrated an increase in platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet-to-monocyte ratio (PMR), as well as the levels of CD4+T and CD8+T cells that tracked with the progression of ICI-P, and then decreased with corticosteroid treatment.

Conclusions

Our data highlight the imaging manifestations associated with ICI-related pulmonary toxicity and describe the dynamics of the corresponding circulating markers. Although our results reveal that dynamic monitoring of PLR and PMR as well as the levels of CD4+T and CD8+T cells may predict the risk of ICI-P, further investigations are needed to elucidate the underlying molecular and biological mechanisms for better management of ICI-P.
TIM proteins and microRNAs: distinct impact and promising interactions on transplantation immunity
Authors: Tao Jialing , Shen Xiaoxuan , Qian Haiqing , Ding Qing , Wang Lihong
Published: November 2024

Achieving sustained activity and tolerance in of allogeneic grafts after post-transplantation remains a substantial challenge. The response of the immune system to “non-self” MHC-antigenic peptides initiates a crucial phase, wherein blocking positive co-stimulatory signals becomes imperative to ensure graft survival and tolerance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) inhibit mRNA translation or promote mRNA degradation by complementary binding of mRNA seed sequences, which ultimately affects protein synthesis. These miRNAs exhibit substantial promise as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic candidates for within the realm of solid organ transplantations. Current research has highlighted three members of the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (TIM) family as a novel therapeutic avenue in transplantation medicine and alloimmunization. The interplay between miRNAs and TIM proteins has been extensively explored in viral infections, inflammatory responses, and post-transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injuries. This review aims to elucidate the distinct roles of miRNAs and TIM in transplantation immunity and delineate their interdependent relationships in terms of targeted regulation. Specifically, this investigation sought seeks to uncover the potential of miRNA interaction with TIM, aiming to induce immune tolerance and bolster allograft survival after transplantation. This innovative strategy holds substantial promise in for the future of transplantation science and practice.
Development and application of a 3,000-m Seabed Cone Penetration Test and Sampling System based on a hydraulic drive
Authors: Wang Cheng , Guo Lei , Jia Lei , Sun Wenxu , Xue Gang , Yang Xiuqing , Liu Xiaolei
Published: November 2024

The seabed surface is an important boundary for ocean exploration and foundation for ocean engineering construction. Accurate acquisition of seabed sediment mechanical properties and environmental parameters is critical to the development of marine resources and marine engineering. In this study, by designing the Seabed Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and Sampling System, multiparameter in situ testing and low-disturbance sampling of 3,000-m deep-sea seabed sediments are performed. Accounting for the stable penetration speed of the probe rod is the basis for ensuring the accuracy of the static penetration test results. The system adopts electrohydraulic proportional position control and a fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) controller to precisely control the position of the piston of the hydraulic circuit, which can improve the accuracy of the cone test data and reduce the interference of the sampling tube with the original sediment during the sampling process. Moreover, electrohydraulic co-simulation of the hydraulic control system was conducted with the AMESim and Simulink software, and the position control and speed control effects of the system were verified. The entire system was tested on site in the Shenhu Sea area of the South China Sea. This test successfully obtained nine in situ parameters, including physical and chemical parameters, for sediments within a depth range of 2.66 m on the seabed surface at a depth of 1,820 m. This system accurately and efficiently reflects the property characteristics of seafloor sediments in an in situ environment and can be widely used in marine engineering geological investigations.
The Hulong hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) has invaded the coastal waters of Hainan Island, China
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Li Jianlong , Chen Sizhu , Yang Qingyan , Ji Fei , Luo Huigui , Ding Shaoxiong
Published: November 2024

Hybrid groupers, including the Hulong hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂), have become increasingly popular in mariculture across the southwest Pacific, raising concerns about their potential to cause biological invasions. First developed in Malaysia in 2007 and introduced to mainland China in 2009, the Hulong hybrid grouper has been sighted in the coastal waters of Hainan Island, China, for over a decade. This study examines the species' distribution, survival, and ecological impacts in these waters. From 2019 to 2023, social surveys, specimen collections, and field observations confirmed the widespread presence of the Hulong hybrid grouper, particularly in inshore reefs and artificial structures. Age determination and gonadal analysis demonstrated their long-term survival and reproductive maturity in the wild. The introduction of this species resulted from both unintentional escapes from aquaculture facilities and intentional releases. This research represents the first documented case of an artificial hybrid marine fish invading and establishing a population in the wild, with potential negative ecological impacts such as interspecies competition, disease transmission, and genetic pollution.