bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of Vitamin D: Influence on Diabetic Retinopathy and Hearing Loss Among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Authors: Farooq Mashhood , Inamullah Syed , Mashhood Shama , Rana Mahmood , Fahim Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Objective: To find a relationship between serum level of vitamin D with diabetic retinopathy and hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus type2. Study design and setting: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Ophthalmology, ENT and family physician Outpatient clinic of Mohsin Consultant Clinic Federal B Area, Karachi from study was April 2019 to December 2019. Methodology: Total 181 eligible type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Complete ophthalmological, ENT and physical evaluation was carried out. Retinopathy and hearing status were recorded and were compared to serum 25-OH Vitamin D levels to find any association. SPSS version 23.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Mean age of participants were found to be 60.56±7.3 (SD). When diabetic retinopathy status and hearing status was compared, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients with normal hearing were 24(42.1%), with mild hearing 32(56.1%) and only 1(1.8%) with moderate-severe hearing loss was observed with P-value of <0.0001. Retinopathy status was compared with vitamin D levels. Insufficiency was seen in 14(38.9%) non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, 2(5.6%) proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients and deficiency level was found in 33(32.7%) non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 15(14.9%) proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients. Level of vitamin D was compared to DR and HL status. Significantly low level of vitamin D was found with increasing severity of DR and HL with P-value <0.0001. Conclusions: Low level of vitamin D was associated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy and hearing loss in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type2
Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Ventral Hernia Admitted Emergently: An Analysis of 48,539 Adult Patients
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Westchester Medical Center Health and New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, New York, Smiley Abbas , Levy Lior ,   New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, Latifi Rifat ,   New York Medical College, School of Medicine Director, Department of Surgery Westchester Medical Center Health Valhalla, NY
Published: November 2021

Background: More than 400,000 cases of ventral hernia (VH) are repaired each year in the U.S. This condition is a major problem with significant morbidly and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate independent predictors of in-hospital mortality for patients with a primary diagnosis of VH who were admitted emergently. Methods: Non-elderly adults (age 18-64 years) with ventral hernias that required emergency admission were analyzed using the National Inpatient Sample database, 2005-2014. Demographics, clinical data, and outcomes were collected. The relationships between mortality and predictors were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Overall, 48,539 patients were identified. The mean (SD) age for both males and females was 50 (9.6). Overall mortality was low (316 or 0.7%). Males accounted for 35% of the total sample and 45% of all mortalities (p<0.001). The mean (SD) hospital length of stay (HLOS) was 4.9 (6.3) and 12.3 (20.6) days in surviving and deceased patients (p<0.001), respectively. Approximately 1.1% of surviving and 6% of deceased patients had gangrene (p<0.001). Intestinal obstruction was observed in 70% of surviving and 83% of deceased patients (p<0.001). While a vast majority of the patients (40,602) were operated on, 8,023 patients were not; 0.7% and 0.4% died, respectively. The mean (SD) HLOS was 5.30 (6.99) days in patients who underwent an operation and 2.97 (2.96) days in those who did not (P<0.0001). Time to operation was 0.81 (1.92) days in surviving and 1.34 (2.42) days in deceased patients (p<0.001). In the final multivariable regression model for patients who underwent an operation, age, male sex, presence of gangrene or obstruction, and longer time to operation were the main risk factors for mortality. For patients who did not undergo an operation, only HLOS and presence of obstruction were the main risk factors for mortality. Conclusion: Male sex, presence of gangrene or obstruction at the presentation, and delayed operation were shown to be risk factors for mortality in adult patients with ventral hernia admitted emergently.
Gerhardtia foliicola, a new record for Pakistan
Authors: Izhar Aiman , Usman Muhammad , Kiran Munazza , Khalid Abdul Nasir
Published: November 2021

Gerhardtia foliicola is reported as a new record for Pakistan. The species is characterized by a reddish brown and hygrophanous pileus, densely crowded lamellae, small sized ellipsoid basidiospores with irregular outline and occurrence on leaf litter and humus in broadleaf forests.
Our phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region clustered the Pakistani collections in the same clade with G. foliicola sequences from Japan. Detailed description of macro- and micro-characters, habitat, general distribution, and diagnostic
features important for delimiting G. foliicola from closely related taxa are presented.
Desain Pembelajaran Akhlak dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMPN 1 Kauman Ponorogo
Authors: Zukhrufin Fina Kholij , Anwar Saiful , Sidiq Umar
Published: November 2021

This study aims to describe and provide understanding to the general public about designs and methods in shaping morals in school children through the subject of Islamic Religious Education. This study uses qualitative methods, namely descriptive research. Data obtained through the processing of data from respondents with observations and interviews, detailed data analysis by coding the data, namely the process of processing data or information material into written segments before interpreting it. The results showed several ways that were used in shaping student morals at SMPN 1 Kauman, including; Teachers participate in religious activities held at schools, teachers participate in making rules and schedule each activity they do, habituation through PAI material which is usually described in class, Habitual prayer dzuhur in congregation, BTQ (read and write Al-Qur'an 'an), Tahfidz (memorizing Al-Qur'an) and Kultum Friday morning. In this way, students of SMPN 1 Kauman were successfully implanted.
Development of recipes and technologies for the production of fish-growing products for baby food
Authors: Аксентьева Виктория Вячеславовна , Мозжерина Ирина Васильевна , Попов Владимир Григорьевич
Published: November 2021

В статье приводится краткий обзор инноваций по производству функциональных продуктов питания на основе рыбного сырья с целью установления современных тенденций их использования в детском питании. По данным статистики в России традиционно наблюдается дефицит потребляемого населением белка по причине однообразного, несбалансированного питания и низкой культуры потребления. Недостаток белка в организме неблагоприятно отражается на деятельности сердечно-сосудистой, дыхательной и нервной систем, как у детей, так и у взрослого населения. При производстве полуфабрикатов и кулинарных изделий из рыбы особую значимость приобретает совершенствование рецептур и технологий, направленных на повышение пищевой и биологической ценности, а также безопасности продуктов. Одним из способов повышения физиологической ценности белка животного происхождения является исследование по его биоусвояемости в детском организме, совершенствование органолептических показателей. К важнейшим свойствам продукции многие ученые относят доступность для различных социальных групп путем комбинирования рыбного фарша с различными растительными добавками.

The article provides a brief overview of innovations in the production of functional food products based on fish raw materials in order to establish current trends in their use in children's nutrition. According to statistics, there is traditionally a shortage of protein consumed by the population in Russia, due to a monotonous, unbalanced diet, and a low consumption culture. The lack of protein in the body does not favorably affect the activity of the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems, both in children and in adults. In the production of semi-finished products and culinary products from fish, the improvement of recipes and technologies aimed at increasing the nutritional and biological value, as well as the safety of products, is of particular importance. One of the ways to increase the physiological value of animal protein is research on its bioavailability in the child's body, improving organoleptic indicators. Among the most important properties of the products, many scientists refer to accessibility for different social groups by combining minced fish with various plant additives.
Formation of a strategic policy of a fish processing enterprise using SWOT analysis
Authors: Чудов Станислав Алексеевич , Горлов Даниил Сергеевич , Ермолаева Евгения Олеговна , Устинова Юлия Владиславовна , Астахова Наталья Викторовна
Published: November 2021

Для определения конкурентоспособности и дальнейшего улучшения деятельности рыбоперерабатывающей организации в данной работе был использован SWOT-анализ. Результаты исследования дали возможность представить, как SWOT-анализ помогает устранить недостатки и сделать выбор перспективного развития на будущее для усиления конкурентоспособности организации. В статье приведен анализ информации о рыбоперерабатывающем предприятии. Вся информация сгруппирована и занесена в матрицу SWOT-анализа по четырем категориям: сильные и слабые стороны, возможности и угрозы. Были проанализированы значимость каждой сильной и слабой стороны, вероятность возникновения и сила влияния для каждой возможности и угрозы. Результатом исследования факторов микросреды рыбоперерабатывающей организации стало формирование матрицы стратегий. Выявлены четыре потенциально возможные стратегии (представленные ниже) предприятия, которые оно может выбрать.

To determine the competitiveness and further improve the activities of the fish processing organization, a SWOT analysis was used in this work. The result of the study made it possible to present how SWOT analysis helps to eliminate shortcomings and make a choice of promising development for the future to strengthen the competitiveness of the organization. The article provides an analysis of information about the fish processing enterprise. All information is grouped and entered into the SWOT analysis matrix in four categories: strengths and weaknesses; opportunities and threats. The significance of each strong and weak side, the probability of occurrence and the strength of influence for each opportunity and threat were analyzed. The result of the study of the factors of the microenvironment of the fish processing organization was the formation of a matrix of strategies. Four potential strategies (presented below) that the enterprise can choose are identified.
Identities involving skew Lie product and a pair of generalized derivations in prime rings with involution
Authors: Bhushan Bharat , Sandhu Gurninder Singh , Kumar Deepak
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we consider skew Lie product on an involutive ring and study several algebraic identities for it, which include generalized derivations of the ring. The results give information about the commutativity of the ring and a description of the generalized derivations.
Anencefalia: um relato de caso
Authors: Morais Maister Henrique Lobato de , Manta Adriane Brod , Maduell Marcia Cristina Pereira , Martins Junior Valdir Rosado , Binsfeld Aline Fritzen , Santos Bruna Schneider dos
Published: November 2021

Introdução: Os defeitos do tubo neural são a segunda causa mais comum de malformações congênitas. Afetam de 0,5 a duas gestações em cada mil, sendo os principais a anencefalia e a mielomeningocele. A anencefalia consiste em falha no fechamento da extremidade anterior do tubo neural e pode ser subdividida em merocrania, quando o crânio e o cérebro anterior são afetados e algumas funções vegetativas são preservadas, e holocrania, quando a falha no fechamento está na parte posterior do cérebro e ossos do crânio. Relato de caso: E.M.B., 22 anos, A+, G2Pc1, IG 39s+5d (ultrassonografia em 4 de dezembro de 2018, com 19s+5d) procurou atendimento no serviço de obstetrícia no dia 23 de abril de 2019, apresentando US obstétrica que mostrava sistema nervoso central (SNC) com ausência de calota craniana, configurando quadro de anencefalia. Foi indicado parto cesáreo. O recém-nascido faleceu dois dias após o nascimento. A paciente evoluiu de forma satisfatória, foi inibida a lactação e foi dada a alta dada para acompanhamento ambulatorial. Conclusão: A falha no fechamento do tubo neural entre a 3ª e a 4ª semanas (entre o 23º e o 26º dia do embrião) resulta na ausência total ou parcial da calota craniana (crânio e couro cabeludo) e do cérebro. Sendo assim, embora o termo “anencefalia” (do grego an, “sem”, e enkephalos, “encéfalo”) seja comumente usado, ele não seria totalmente correto, pois o encéfalo (constituído de cérebro, cerebelo e tronco encefálico) não está completamente ausente, pois tronco encefálico, cerebelo, diencéfalo e partes do telencéfalo estão em geral presentes. É conhecido que condições socioeconômicas, condições ambientais (por exemplo, deficiência de ácido fólico) e influência genética (mutação de metilenotetrahidrofolato redutase; alteração na regulação de microRNA, via mitogen-activated protein kinase) são alguns dos fatores que podem levar a esses quadros. Entretanto, a etiologia exata da anencefalia ainda é desconhecida. A maioria dos recém-nascidos anencéfalos morre em dias ou semanas após o parto. Assim como na literatura, não se encontrou fator de etiologia para o concepto anencefálico relatado no caso. Surpreende o fato de que, mesmo com o diagnóstico sendo realizado com 19s+5d e tendo amparo legal, a paciente só procurou o serviço tardiamente.
Avaliação da assistência pré-natal segundo indicadores do programa de humanização do pré-natal e nascimento
Authors: Vaichulonis Carla , Stepic Guilherme Schroder , Silva Jean Carl , Silva Rodrigo Ribeiro e , Oliveira Antônia Aparecida Deluca de , Hoffmann Carla Beatriz Pimentel Cesar
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A assistência pré-natal (PN) é um dos pilares do cuidado à saúde materno-infantil, cuja relevância para a redução da morbimortalidade dessa população já se encontra estabelecida. A ausência ou inadequação da assistência durante o período PN pode trazer graves consequências para a saúde da mãe e do feto. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, calcula-se que, em 2015, 303 mil mulheres morreram de causas evitáveis inerentes à gravidez, 2,7 milhões de bebês morreram no período neonatal e 2,6 milhões de fetos eram natimortos. No Brasil, entre 1990 e 2015, houve queda na razão de mortalidade materna de 141 para 60 mortes a cada 100 mil vivos. Essa queda ocorreu em virtude de avanços significativos nas políticas de saúde, entre eles a implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e das políticas de saúde materno-fetal associadas a ele. Objetivo: Avaliar a assistência PN prestada a gestantes de baixo risco usuárias do SUS da cidade de Joinville. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal realizado de março de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019, mediante entrevista e análise do Cartão da Gestante de puérperas maiores de 18 anos, procedentes de Joinville, que realizaram o PN no SUS, sendo excluídas as puérperas desistentes. Avaliou-se a assistência PN por critérios preconizados pelo Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e Nascimento. Resultados e conclusão: Foram entrevistadas 683 puérperas. Os critérios com maiores índices de adequação foram acessibilidade (99,6%), início precoce do PN (92,7%) e realização de seis ou mais consultas (87,15). Os critérios que apresentaram as menores taxas de adequação foram o conjunto de orientações (17,7%) e os exames do terceiro e primeiro trimestre (42,5% e 63,5%, respectivamente). Conclui-se que a assistência PN realizada pelo SUS da cidade de Joinville, não obstante a acessibilidade praticamente universal, o início precoce e a prevalência de puérperas com mais de seis consultas, demonstrou declínio acentuado na análise dos indicadores preconizados.
Komunikasi Konseling Pada Program Dharma Wacana Dan Dharma Tula Di Dusun Ngis Kecamatan Narmada
Authors: Jelantik Sayu Kadek
Published: November 2021

Counseling communication in the Dharma Wacana and Dharma Tula programs is an educational program for Hindus in internalizing Hindu religious teachings that are sourced from the Vedic Scriptures. Dharma discourse is one of the communication tools for Hindus in conveying Vedic teachings to direct and solve all Hindu problems so that it becomes an effective Hindu counseling communication model. This study describes the process of counseling communication in the Dharma Wacana and Dharma Tula programs in Dusun Ngis, Narmada District. This type of qualitative descriptive research uses the expose facto method. The concept of dharma wacana and dharma tula as tools for education and to Hindus in Indonesia in the form of Hindu religious speeches in the Guidance and counseling program is a personal, interpersonal, and group approach. The program of dharma wacana and dharma tula in guidance and counseling-based communication methods does not only help individuals or groups of Hindus solve life problems, but its main purpose is to change religious thought patterns and behavior and strengthen the spiritual-religious dimension of Hindus. The value messages of Hindu teachings originating from the Wedas are implemented in religious life which is conveyed in the Dharma Wacana Program based on Guidance and Counseling in Ngis Hamlet, Narmada District, which is the object of study in this study. The author found that it is not uncommon for the resource person to provide answers to the listener's questions by using the counseling communication model in the Dharma Wacana and Dharma Tula programs. The communication model referred to mainly in the use of spoken language as a communication tool with a counseling character. This is because the activities of dharma discourse in which the use of spoken language is a determinant of the effectiveness of answering a problem presented by the listener.
Komunikasi Interpersonal Pada Perkawinan Ngerorod Dalam Masyarakat Hindu
Authors: Aksara I Made Darma
Published: November 2021

Manusia yang dilahirkan ke dunia sebagai makhluk yang memiliki akal, budhi dan manah untuk menolong dirinya sendiri dari kesulitan-kesulitan yang di hadapi. Selain sebagai mahluk individu juga sebagai mahluk sosial, sehingga mereka harus hidup bersama-sama untuk mencapai tujuan-tujuan tertentu. Tuhan telah menciptakan manusia dengan berlainan jenis kelamin, yaitu pria dan wanita yang masing-masing telah menyadari perannya masing-masing. Telah menjadi kodratnya sebagai mahluk sosial bahwa setiap pria dan wanita mempunyai naluri untuk saling mencintai dan saling membutuhkan dalam segala bidang. Sebagai tanda seseorang menginjak masa ini diawali dengan proses perkawinan. Dilombok perkawinan dilaksanakan dengan tradisi ngerorod. Pada pelaksanaan perkawinan ngerorod terjadi komunikasi interpersonal antar pelaku proses perkawinan tersebut.
KEDUDUKAN KETETAPAN MAJELIS PERMUSYAWARATAN RAKYAT (TAP. MPR) SEBELUM DAN SETELAH AMANDEMEN UUD 1945
Authors: Azwani Azwani
Published: November 2021

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan Ketetapan MPR sebelum dan setelah perubahan UUD 1945. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mormatif yuridis. Dasar hukum Ketetapan MPR memang tidak diatur secara jelas dalam UUD 1945, walaupun demikian dasar hukum Ketetapan MPR dapat ditemukan melalui penafsiran sejumlah pasal yang ada dalam UUD 1945 seperti Pasal 3. Keberadaan dan penggunaan Ketetapan MPR selama ini telah diterima dan kenyataannya dapat bermanfaat dalam penyelenggaraan negara. Atas dasar kebiasaan tersebut maka keberadaan Ketetapan MPR diterima sebagai peraturan perundang-undangan dan dijadikan sebagai sumber hukum. Perubahan yang terjadi terhadap UUD 1945 selain merubah kedudukan MPR sebagai lembaga negara tertinggi, juga merubah tugas dan wewenang MPR. MPR tidak dibenarkan lagi mengeluarkan Ketetapan MPR yang bersipat mengatur keluar, seperti yang diatur pada Ketetapan MPRS No. XX/MPRS/1966 dan Ketetapan MPR No. III/MPR/2000 sebelumnya. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 tahun 2011 yang di dalamnya menentukan jenis dan tata urutan peraturan perundang-undangan, yang menempatkan Ketetapan MPR/S dalam tata urutannya. Akan tetapi di sisi lain, kenyataannya masih terdapat sejumlah Ketetapan MPR/S yang dinyatakan masih berlaku  dan dijadikan sebagai sumber hukum. Masih berlakunya sejumlah Ketetapan MPR/S tersebut didasari atas praktik ketatanegaraan atau kebiasaan ketatanegaraan Selain itu alasan Ketetapan MPR/S tetap diberlakuan untuk menghindari kekosongan hukum.
LEGALITAS KONTRAK BISNIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM NASIONAL DAN HUKUM HINDU
Authors: Wisudawan I Gusti Agung
Published: November 2021

Legalitas kontrak bisnis sering kali menjadi masalah seperti tidak dipenuhinya syarat sahnya kontrak seperti yang berkaitan dengan kesepakatan, kecakapan hukum para pihak, obyek hukum yang diperjanjikan dan kausa yang halal sebagaimana yang telah diatur di dalam Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata, ternyata dalam hukum Agama Hindu diatur juga tentang keabsahan atau legalitas kontrak/perjanjian bisnis yaitu dalam kitab Manava Dharmasastra (Manu Dharmasastra) atau Veda Smrti (Compedium Hukum Hindu) Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan mengembangkan konsep-konsep hukum khususnya Hukum Bisnis dan Hukum Ekonomi Hindu sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan oleh para akademisi dan praktisi dalam mendalami hukum bisnis maupun hukum agama khususnya Hukum Agama Hindu. Adapun jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Normatif. Legalitas kontrak bisnis menurut hukum nasional terdapat di dalam Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata yaitu tentang syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian, sedangkan legalitas kontrak dalam Kitab Manusmerti atau Manawa Dharmasastra diatur di dalam Pasal 163, Pasal 164, Pasal 168.
PENGEMBANGAN PEMASARAN DARING PRODUK DODOL NANGKA PADA UD. WARNA SARI DI DESA SURANADI KECAMATAN NARMADA KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Eka Permadi I Gusti Agung Didit , Harnika Ni Nyoman
Published: November 2021

Penyuluhan ini bertujuan supaya pihak manajemen UD. Warna Sari mengetahui bahwa pengembangan pemasaran daring atau e-marketing untuk produk dodol nangkanya selama masa pandemi COVID 19 sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan supaya eksistensi perusahaannya tetap terjaga. Materi penyuluhan disajikan menggunakan alat bantu LCD Projector dan slide powerpoint. Materi penyuluhan mencakup strategi pengembangan pemasaran daring atau e-marketing untuk produk dodol nangka selama masa pandemi COVID 19 dan pemanfaatan market place seperti facebook, instagram, bukalapak, tokopedia, dan whatsapp messenger yang menjadi media sosial sekaligus market place yang potensial bagi UD. Warna Sari. Kesimpulan yang dapat diperoleh dari kegiatan penyuluhan ini adalah aplikasi e-marketing memberikan peluang besar bagi pemasar, dalam hal ini pemasar adalah UD. Warna Sari sendiri untuk menekan biaya dan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan melalui layanan yang lebih cepat dan interaksi pemasaran yang lebih interaktif, real-time, dan efisien.
PROSES PENYULUHAN AGAMA HINDU DI SATUAN KERJA PERANGKAT DAERAH PROVINSI NTB
Authors: Sutama I Wayan
Published: November 2021

Religious counseling is a form of unit activities that have strategic value, especially in carrying out of functions of the expedite implementation development in the field of religion. Religious counseling of Hinduism is in fact a process of education that aims to enhance the awareness and behavior (knowledge, attitude and skill) communities into a better direction.

Descriptive research method is used in this research. Theoretical basic are SMCRE theory, the theory of innovation and the theory of rasa. The technique of data collection in this research is survey method, observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The results of research discover that process counseling of Hinduism is moderator opening the event, introduced the counselor and the message to be conveyed. Than counselor the convey the message of Dharma Wacana method for 15 minutes. Moderator guides the discussion (Dharma Tula) for 40 minutes related to the message presented by give the participants an opportunity to ask or give feedback. Next counselor is given the opportunity to answer or provide clarification on questions and responses of participants
Improving Students’ Vocabulary Mastery Through the Keyword Technique At The Tenth Grade of SMAN 2 Tulang Bawang Tengah
Authors: Nurchurifiani Eva , Nissa Rizki Novia , Febriyanti Febriyanti
Published: November 2021

The aim of this research was to improve students’ vocabulary mastery of the tenth grade through the use of Keyword technique. This research is categorized as classroom action research. The subject of this research was the tenth grade students of SMAN 2 Tulang Bawang Tengah in the academic year of 2021/2022. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and quantitative data analyses. This research was conducted in two cycles where each cycle consisted of three meetings. Based on the analysis of the research findings, the students’ vocabulary mastery was improved by using Keyword technique based on the quantitative and qualitative data. From quantitative data, the result showed that the mean score of each cycle was increased from post-test of cycle 1 to cycle 2. The mean score of cycle 1 was 62.07, there were 13 students or 46.43% who passed Minimum Mastery Criterion, while in cycle 2 was 77.93, there were 21 students or 75% who passed Minimum Mastery Criterion. Moreover, this improvement can also be seen from qualitative data, such as the results of students’ observation sheet from cycle 1 to cycle 2. The mean score of cycle 1 was 6.41, while in cycle 2 was 7.31. The improvement of students’ learning activity from cycle 1 to cycle 2 was 0.90. It showed that the students seemed to be more motivated and  confidence in learning vocabulary. Therefore, it can be concluded that the implementation of the Keyword technique can improve students’ learning activities and vocabulary mastery.
Dye yielding plants of Kudiraimozhi theri in Tuticorin district, Tamil Nadu, South India
Authors: Selvakumari R. , Rajakumar T.J.S.
Published: November 2021

Survey and observations were carried out in Kudiraimozhi theri to identify the wild dye yielding plants and their utilization by the local people. The paper deals with 33 dye yielding plant species of 29 genera and provides botanical names, vernacular name, families, plant parts used for producing dye etc.
Reproductive Phenology of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.
Authors: Deepakkumar R.
Published: November 2021

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. is a fast growing, large size deciduous tree which is widely used for Jhingan gum extraction, timber, ornamental and medicinal purpose. The better understanding of phenology will help us to efficient utilization of these trees in urban landscapes and agroforestry systems. The present investigation revealed that L. coromandelica was starts flowering from Mid-January to March. It has a mean of 26 flowers per inflorescence with 0.54 % fruit set and 0.80% seed set around.The fruits attain harvest maturity at 18th week after anthesis with a distinctive colour change from light red to darker red colour. Seeds are orthodox in nature and have maximum of 52.67% germination.
Ethnobotanical study of promising species used for making Chutney in Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya
Authors: Kala Chandra
Published: November 2021

An ethnobotanical study was conducted in the Uttarakhand state of India, through questionnaire survey, to investigate various plant species and their parts used for making chutney- a special spicy condiment made of fruits or vegetables. Thirty eight plant species belonging to 19 families were documented during the survey. Polygonaceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae were the most dominant families in terms of use of number of species for making chutney. The fruits of majority of such species were used for this purpose, followed by flowers and leaves. Apart from making chutney, these species were also used for treatment of over 32 types of ailments, including indigestion, blood purification, cough and toothache. Most of the species were collected from the wild. Of the 38 species Rheum webbianum and Berberis asiatica are endangered.
Ethnomedicine for Asthma, Cold and Cough by the Konda Reddi Tribe of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Raju M. , Suneetha J. , Reddi T.V.V.
Published: November 2021

The study deals with 35 species of plants used by the Konda Reddi tribe of Andhra Pradesh for curing asthma, cold and cough. Morphological analysis showed the utilization of Leaf is used in a maximum of 11 practices followed by root (8), flower (4), fruit (3), and others. 18 practices were found to be new or less or less known.
Distributional note on two Hedychium Species from Nagaland, India
Authors: Daimary Ranjit , Odyuo Nripemo
Published: November 2021

Two Hedychium species Hedychium densiflorum Wall. and Hedychium wardii C.E.C. Fisch. have been collected for the first time from the state of Nagaland, India. Detailed descriptions of the species along with colour photographs have been provided for their identification and reference.
Phyto-resources of Morni Hills, Panchkula, Haryana
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya  , Joshi Bhasker , Srivastava Anupam , Shukla B.
Published: November 2021

Forest and wild life are essential for ecological balance of an area. Forest is an important component of our environment and economy. Forest products are classified into timber forest products (TFPs) and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Morni Hills of Haryana is rich in floristic diversity having various species of trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers. Phytodiversity also supports wild-life in this area. In Morni Hills total 186 species were found which yield timber forest products (TFPs) and non-timber forest products (NTFPs).
Cissus quadrangularis L. (Vitaceae)- A wonderful ethnomedicinal plant used to treat bone fracture from Bhil tribe of Ratlam district (M.P.)
Authors: Jadhav Dinesh
Published: November 2021

Cissus quadrangularis L. (Vitaceae) has been found to be very effective herbal healer. This valuable ethnomedicinal plant is effectively used by Bhil tribe of Ratlam district (Madhya Pradesh) in the treatment of bone fracture.
Socio-economic status of Lac producers in Balaghat and Seoni Districts of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Bhatnagar Pratibha , Lodhi Balram , Bhalavi Ramdeen , Prajapati Sunil
Published: November 2021

In the present paper Socio-economic status of lac growers in Balaghat and Seoni districts of Madhya Pradesh has been discussed. Suggestion for increasing lac production and income of lac producers has been given.
Identification of areas of High Conservation Value to guide Conservation Action Program through Resource Mapping of Endangered Medicinal Plants: A Case Study for Sikkim state
Authors:   Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Science and Technology (TDU), 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Via Yelahanka, Bangalore , India, PIN : 560064, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra , Barve Vijay ,   Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, PIN : 560064, Ved Devendra Kumar ,   Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions FRLHT, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Science and Technology (TDU), 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Via Yelahanka, Bangalore, India, PIN : 560064, Ravikumar Kaliamoorthy ,   Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions FRLHT, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Science and Technology (TDU), 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval , Via Yelahanka, Bangalore, India, PIN : 560064, MV Sumanth ,   Former Research Fellow, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, India, PIN : 560064, DA Nawale ,   Former Research Fellow, Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, India, PIN : 560064, N. Soumyashree ,   Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, India, PIN : 560064
Published: November 2021

There is an urgent need to start protecting remaining biodiversity for the survival of humanity. Anthropogenic pressures and global climate change are pushing several species towards extinction. To protect any species it is essential to have detailed information of the geographical distributions and population trends. Here we describe how key areas for conservation of medicinal plants of Sikkim were identified using systematic data collection technique and development of a simple data management module.
Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) from tribal inhabited localities of Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Jadhav Dinesh
Published: November 2021

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) refer to all biological materials other than timber, which are collected from natural forests for human use, viz. tannin, dyes, gum, resins, medicines, fodder, forage, oil seeds, edible wild plants, fibres, etc. The present article communicates information on importance of some potential Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) from tribal inhabited localities of Ratlam district (M.P.)
Antidiabetic activity of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees (Kalmegh)
Authors: Tomar Amit
Published: November 2021

The paper highlights the use of Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh) to cure diabetes.
Distribution, Growth and Biological production of Bamboos in lower and Mid hills of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Bhardwaj Daulat , Rajput Bhalendra , Poonam  , Tiwari Chandrakant , Gupta Dinesh , Kumar Naresh
Published: November 2021

The present investigation was carried out in the low and mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh where bamboo occurs naturally and also raised by the farming community in abundance. The study revealed that only two genera viz., Dendrocalamus and Bambusa are present in the entire study area with a total of five species D. hamiltonii, D. hookeri var. parishii, D. strictus, Bambusa arundinacea and B. nutans from 300 m asl to 1700m asl. Culm and total biomass was highest at the 500-900 m asl elevation range for D. hamiltonii, D. strictus, D. hookeri var. parishii and B. nutans. However, in B. arundinacea, culm and total biomass was highest at 900-1300 m asl elevation range. All the species recorded their highest culm biomass at the 500-900 m asl elevation range.
Natural Dye Yielding Plants of Cauvery North Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Ramasamy Mehala , Manikandan Ramasamy , Ponnurangam Nithya
Published: November 2021

The present study deals with documentation of dye yielding plant diversity in Cauvery North Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu. The local inhabitants of this sanctuary use different colours or dye obtained from plants for different purposes. The dye yielding plants have different medicinal and economic values and it has also been known that the natural dyes are eco-friendly and not harmful. 42 natural dye yielding plants under 39 genera belonging to 25 families have been recorded from the sanctuary. This article deals with details of dye yielding plants along with their botanical name, vernacular name, family, habit and dye yielding plant parts used.
Organogenesis optimization in Dendrocalamus asper
Authors: Dey Bhaskar , Verma Ashok , Tewari Salil , Dubey Ashutosh
Published: November 2021

Plant tissue culture offers the potential for rapidly increasing selected bamboo clones for conservation and reforestation. Bud break is important for the successful micro propagation in bamboo. An organogenesis optimization protocol is described for Dendrocalamus asper. Nodal explants containing auxiliary buds from 8-10 years old field grown clumps of D. asper were established in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of phytohormone 6-benzyelamino purine (BAP) and kinetin. The maximum bud breaking was observed in 6 ppm BAP concentration. Shoot proliferation was found maximum in MS media supplemented with combinations of BAP and kinetin (4.0 ppm BAP, 0.5 ppm kinetin and 4.0 ppm BAP, 1.0 ppm kinetin) after subcultureing the explants.
Comparative study of Ethnomedicinal uses for the Treatment of Cold, Cough and Fever in Odisha, India
Authors: Singh Harish , Dhole P.
Published: November 2021

The present paper deals with 112 ethnomedicinal plants used for the treatment of cold cough and fever by major tribal groups and many non-tribal communities of Odisha. These ethnomedicinal uses were compared and cross-checked with the data mentioned in well-known standard Indian ethnomedicinal as well as medicinal literatures and found that most of the medicinal uses of the referred 83 plants have been reported earlier also. 29 plants are being reported here for the first time for the treatment of these diseases. These plant species are arranged in alphabetical order followed by family in bracket, local name(s) along with ethnomedicinal uses and cross check report with well recognized standard Indian literature.
Chloris quinquesetica Bhide and Tripogon idukkianus Sunil & Pradeep (Chloridoideae: Poaceae): New distributional records to Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kumar Midigesi , Rao Boyina
Published: November 2021

Chloris quinquesetica Bhide and Tripogon idukkianus Sunil & Pradeep collected from different parts of Tamil Nadu arebeing reported as new distributional records to the state.
Socio Economic Profile of Lac Growers in Mandla District of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Lodhi Balram , Bhatnagar Pratibha , Singh Vijay , Jatashankar  , Prajapati Sunil
Published: November 2021

The study pertains to data collected from randomly selected 67 lac growers of 10 villages in Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh for the year 2020-2021. The study indicates that more than 80% lac growers in Mandla district are small, semi medium and medium farmers. Majority of farmers (34.32%) belong to middle age group followed by young age group (31.34%). The study revealed that 59.7% lac growers have family members up to 5-7 and educated up to middle school level (40.3%). The resources endowment in terms of the availability of host trees for lac cultivation varies from >25 to <200 trees. In terms of production maximum lac growers (38.81%) average production of 70.91 kg followed by 16.42% had average production 124.28 kg, 16.42% had 38.18 kg average production. Amongst the different source of income of lac growers, Agriculture crop ranked 1st (50.62%) followed by Lac crop (22.9%). Income of selected farmers from lac crop in the study 31.34% farmers earn between Rs. 10,001-20,000 followed by 23.88% farmers between 5001 to 10000 and 23.88% farmers get upto 5000, 10.45% farmers earn more than 40001, 7.46% earn Rs 20001-30000 and only 2.99% farmers get between Rs. 30,000-40,000 annually from lac production. In term of income sharing the maximum number of the farmers (32.84%) contributed 10-20% while only 11.94% farmers contributed more than 40% by lac. Implications of the present study will be helpful in strengthening the socio-economic condition of lac growers and lac marketing scenario of Madhya Pradesh.
Ethnomedicine for Hair ailments by the tribes of Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Manjula R. , Reddi T.V.V.
Published: November 2021

The paper deals with 26 species of plants used by the tribes of Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh, for curing dandruff, lice, hair fall, greying. Leaf is used in 10 practices followed by seed (6), fruit (4), and others. 19 practices were found to be less known.
O PAPEL DA CHILD-DIRECTED SPEECH NO DESENVOLVIMENTO FONOLÓGICO DE CRIANÇAS GÊMEAS E NÃO GÊMEAS: O TRIÂNGULO VOCÁLICO E A EMERGÊNCIA DE TEMPLATES
Authors: Ferreira Gláucia Daniele do Prado
Published: November 2021

Este estudo, com base na perspectiva dos Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos (THELEN; SMITH, 1994), tem como objetivo analisar a Child-directed Speech (CDS) (FERGUSON, 1964; CAVALCANTE, 2007) no desenvolvimento fonológico de crianças gêmeas e não gêmeas, adquirindo o português brasileiro (PB) de Vitória da Conquista-BA. Investigamos duas características da CDS do PB: a) a relação entre CDS e os templates emergentes na fala da criança; b) aspectos acústicos do triângulo vocálico na fala das mães no contexto de CDS e no contexto sem as crianças. Nossas hipóteses são que: a CDS não se manifesta na mesma frequência e maneira na comparação entre a fala direcionada à criança não gêmea e às crianças gêmeas; a CDS desempenha um papel direto no formato fônico dos templates presentes na fala infantil; a fala direcionada à criança se diferencia acusticamente da não dirigida à criança. A literatura sobre templates enfatiza o papel das restrições articulatórias, questões de memória e input na sua formação. Entretanto, embora se reconheça o papel da fala dirigida à criança, não há ainda um estudo específico sobre a relação entre CDS e essas rotinas de fala que emergem no período de expansão lexical da criança, o que é investigado no presente estudo. Do mesmo modo, não encontramos trabalhos que investiguem particularidades do espaço vocálico das vogais [a], [i] e [u] no PB na CDS. Com essa análise dos aspectos acústicos do triângulo vocálico, buscamos evidenciar as particularidades acústicas da CDS no PB, a fim de, reforçar sua importância no que se refere ao desenvolvimento fonológico infantil. Ao compararmos a CDS na interação com as crianças gêmeas Bg. e Mg. e não gêmea L., observamos que não há tanta diferença com relação à frequência em que a CDS aparece e também às estratégias utilizadas. Foram 902 tokens para L., 655 tokens para Bg. e 827 tokens para Mg., dessa forma entendemos que a CDS faz parte da interação do adulto com a criança independentemente da criança ser gêmea ou não. Com relação à manifestação dos templates, observamos que no total de 36 sessões analisadas, foram encontrados 22 templates operantes na fala das crianças, havendo apenas relação direta com CDS em 3 sessões. A respeito das propriedades acústicas das vogais [a], [i] e [u],considerando todos os valores analisados, entendemos que, de fato, as propriedades acústicas das unidades fonéticas na fala CDS se diferenciam consideravelmente da fala não dirigida à criança.
AS PREPOSIÇÕES DESDE E DESDE DE NO PORTUGUÊS POPULAR E CULTO DE VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA - BA
Authors: Anjos Jane Silva dos
Published: November 2021

O tema deste estudo é a preposição desde e sua variante desde de tomando como corpora de investigação duas normas da Língua Portuguesa do Brasil, a saber: o Português Popular e o Português Culto da cidade de Vitória da Conquista– BA. O sentido inicial da preposição desde é de espaço com movimento de afastamento, mas, também, indica o sentido de tempo e, por fim, noção. Como ponto peculiar do estudo, trataremos da tríade forma-sentido-função da preposição desde e desde de. Compreendendo que, através da Sócio-História, seja possível conhecer a história social da Língua Portuguesa por meio do estudo sistemático da preposição desde e suas variações, e, para tanto foi realizado o percurso histórico: com as preposições latinas de e ex, que deram origem a desde, até a sua consolidação na língua românica que corresponde à forma como tal conhecemos, desde. Como aporte teórico, recorremos a teoria funcionalista com enfoque no estudo do processo de gramaticalização sofrido pelas preposições desde e desde de; e à Sociolinguística, na qual nos guiamos pelas abordagens dos aspectos extralinguísticos presentes nos corpora e nos princípios da mudança linguística. Desde apresenta 12 estruturas distintas no Português Popular e Culto de Vitória da Conquista – BA. Sendo que, no Português Culto, há ocorrências da forma desde de e não é produtiva, mas, é uma forma inovadora, pois os jovens não a realizam, porém a estrutura chama atenção por ser uma combinação semelhante ao que ocorreu com a forma românica.
INTERAÇÃO ENTRE SINAL ACÚSTICO E GESTOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE INTERROGATIVAS EM UMA AMOSTRA DO PB, EM DIFERENTES ATITUDES
Authors: Dias Karina Damaceno
Published: November 2021

Este estudo se configura como uma investigação da interação entre o sinal acústico e os gestos faciais e/ ou manuais na produção de interrogativas do Português Brasileiro (PB) em diferentes atitudes do falante. O objetivo desta pesquisa é, além desta investigação, descrever as características acústicas e gestuais de sentenças interrogativas, a fim de tipificá-las, com base nas atitudes do falante, e de observar se os movimentos faciais e/ou manuais são específicos de determinado tipo de interrogativa com atitude. Buscando descobrir quais os gestos envolvidos na produção dessas sentenças e observar se há um padrão gestual e acústico em sua ocorrência, partimos da hipótese de que realizar diferentes tipos de perguntas implica em diferenças na sua configuração melódica e na sua configuração gestual. Para alcançar os objetivos deste trabalho, realizamos uma análise gestual, através do Elan 4.9.1 (LAUSBERG e SLOETJES, 2009), e uma análise acústica, através do Praat 5.2.01 (BOERSMA e WEENINK, 2010), de 306 interrogativas provenientes de seis vídeos de entrevistas disponíveis no site do You Tube (youtube.com). Para a análise gestual, tomamos como base nos sistemas de código facial de Ekman e Friesen (1976) e de análise gestual de Bressem (2013). Para a discriminação das atitudes presentes nas interrogativas, utilizamos como base os estudos de Fónagy (1993), Antunes (2007) e Moraes (2010; 2012). Os resultados revelaram que não houve um padrão acústico e/ou gestual específico para determinados tipos de pergunta, mas que, por meio da conjugação da variação entoacional e dos movimentos manuais e /ou faciais, as interrogativas do Português Brasileiro são mais marcadas. Verificamos também que há maior importância dos gestos faciais na produção de sentenças interrogativas, visto que os falantes podem deixar de realizar gestos manuais, mas não deixam de realizar expressões faciais no momento em que produzem uma pergunta.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO FONOLÓGICO E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O LÉXICO INICIAL NA FALA DE GÊMEOS E NÃO GÊMEOS
Authors: Carmo Paloma Maraisa Oliveira
Published: November 2021

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar e discutir a relação do léxico inicial com o desenvolvimento fonológico infantil de crianças gêmeas e não-gêmea, adquirindo o Português Brasileiro (PB), na variedade de Vitória da Conquista. Para este estudo, é assumida a perspectiva dinâmica (THELEN; SMITH, 1994; DE BOT, LOWIE, VERSPOOR, 2007; LARSEN-FREMAN, 2008) em consonância com o Modelo de Exemplares (BYBEE, 2001; CRISTÓFARO-SILVA, 2003; OLIVEIRA-GUIMARÃES, 2008), segundo os quais variabilidade e instabilidade são esperadas no percurso de desenvolvimento fonológico infantil e consideram, ainda, o papel da interação e experiência para a representação linguística. É mister enfatizar que a palavra é a unidade mínima de representação. Os dados pertencentes a esta pesquisa são de três crianças do sexo feminino: um par de gêmeas dizigóticas, nomeadas como Bg. e Mg., e uma criança não gêmea, nomeada como L.. São dados coletados longitudinalmente, em intervalos mensais, no período de 1 a 2 anos. São dados gravados em vídeos, com duração de cerca de 30 minutos, em contextos espontâneos de fala entre a criança com seus cuidadores e pesquisadores. Na análise dos dados, descrevemos o percurso segmental das três crianças, separadamente, tendo em vista analisar a emergência de templates (VIHMAN, 2016). Os resultados mostram que cada criança apresenta seu próprio percurso linguístico, apesar de que padrões semelhantes são observados por terem uma mesma língua alvo. Além disso, nota-se uma estreita relação entre o desenvolvimento fonológico com o léxico adquirido pelas crianças durante as treze sessões analisadas, bem como uma sobreposição de exemplares em competição, oferecendo, portanto, uma explicação alternativa para o fenômeno puzzle-puddle-pickle (doravante PPP) que não é estabelecido apenas por limites fonológicos. Ademais, constatou-se que a análise da frequência de tokens e types apresentou dados consistentes sobre uso e desuso de templates ao longo do período observado, com diferenças nos dados infantis em relação essas duas frequências. Em linhas gerais, observou-se uma aquisição não-linear, instável, variável e gradual.