bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El traje nuevo del emperador: endogamia, nepotismo, clientelismo, ídolos y mitos en la trastienda de la poesía española contemporánea
Authors: Orihuela Antonio
Published: September 2018

La poesía está desnuda, siempre lo estuvo, a pesar de su corte de aduladores que nos dicen que solo se engalana con los más absurdos ropajes de su conveniencia. La extensa red de silencios, complicidades y favores que recubren su visibilidad, convertida en producto cultural de las élites, ha hecho imposible la evidencia: la poesía está desnuda y su historia tiene más que ver con la exclusión y el sectarismo, que con el rigor crítico e histórico. Mientras siga en manos de las élites intelectuales, ellas mismas producto de un nepotismo y un clientelismo servil y endogámico, mientras siga disuelta entre los mitos que esa misma élite intelectual sostiene, y mientras siga presa de una investigación crítica perezosa, enrocada en el precedente, la cita y la reproducción de las tesis de los facultados para favorecer la promoción discipular y académica, nunca sabremos qué es lo que ha pasado en nuestras letras. La historia quedará escrita como hasta ahora en función de mandarinatos, redes clientelares muy disciplinadas que tejen auténticas tramas de control e influencia institucional, políticas editoriales y operaciones de promoción de determinados relatos en consonancia con el discurso dominante y, de paso, silencian o barren toda disidencia, toda oposición. Sobre esta contradicción fundamental, la desnudez de la poesía y el exceso de vestuario producido por los que han querido agostarla a su gusto, se ha construido la historia de la poesía española contemporánea. Juicios que defienden los intereses de la familia o la tendencia, constituyendo una especie de egoísmo gregario que sólo protege sus intereses de grupo; unido, paradójicamente, a un fuerte individualismo y egocentrismo a la hora de juzgar la realidad no como lo que es, sino como a uno le parece que es, en tanto guerra por el significado y el control de la palabra, de cara a establecer un discurso totalitario y hegemónico, y la ignorancia de la ideología como un serio obstáculo para interpretar la realidad en la medida que la ideología construye lo real. Sobre estos pilares se construye hoy la poesía española y se impide el conocimiento liberador, pero los mitos y los ídolos no son obstáculos insalvables, más si, a cambio, lo que proponemos es una solución reactiva a unas prácticas amorales y prepotentes.
Atrapados en la red: los mundos virtuales en la poesía española reciente
Authors: Bagué Quílez Luis
Published: September 2018

Este artículo se centra en la presencia del mundo virtual en un conjunto de poetas españoles nacidos a partir de 1980, a los que se ha considerado los primeros nativos digitales. Los miembros de esta promoción incorporan selectivamente procedimientos retóricos y estrategias discursivas que se inspiran en las nuevas realidades del ciberespacio, entendido como tema poético y como dispositivo estructural. En concreto, se analizan tres representaciones en las que la vida privada conecta con la experiencia tecnológica: el papel de Internet como catalizador de la reflexión metapoética; la labor que cumplen las redes sociales en la configuración de la identidad contemporánea; y la influencia que tienen ciertos buscadores, enlaces y aplicaciones móviles en las relaciones interpersonales y en las transacciones sociales que determinan el universo poscapitalista del siglo XXI. Más integrados que apocalípticos, los poetas-internautas que comparecen en estas páginas ya no confunden el medio con el mensaje ni se dejan tentar por las quimeras virtuales, sino que han hecho de la navegación por la Red un emblema colectivo, una seña de identidad y un lugar estético que actualiza y revitaliza los tópicos eternos.
A favor no es en contra; en contra es a favor. Poesía y comunicación en la actualidad
Authors: López-Carballo Pablo
Published: September 2018

El presente artículo aborda las implicaciones que ha tenido el modelo comunicacional como rasgo definitorio y exclusivo de la poesía española reciente. En estas páginas se traza una génesis de la construcción de categorías dicotómicas en el acercamiento al panorama literario en lengua española y los problemas asociados a esta forma de análisis. De igual modo, se pretende poner de manifiesto la complejidad de la comunicación poética y mostrar algunas prácticas discursivas que aprovechan sus posibilidades. Así, entendiendo la comunicación como una característica más de las que podemos encontrar en el poema, buscamos desde el análisis de cuatro poéticas actuales (María Salgado, Lucía Boscá, Su Xiaoxiao, Ruth Llana) presentar los diferentes cambios que se están produciendo en la creación y la crítica de poesía.
Un caos de palabras heterogéneas; Literatura, tiempo y dinero en 'El inmortal'
Authors: Hachemi Guerrero Munir
Published: September 2018

El presente ensayo se ha escrito con un triple objeto. Por una parte, se hace un seguimiento exhaustivo de las referencias y los cruces que se dan en «El inmortal», el cuento de Jorge Luis Borges. Gracias a ese seguimiento –y siempre alejándose de la crítica idealista y de la hermenéutica clásica, que han dominado los estudios borgeanos– se pueden cumplir los otros dos objetivos, que consisten en establecer una nueva lectura posible del argumento del relato y en argumentar por qué pertenece –junto a «El Zahir», «El Aleph» y otros– a la serie de ficciones de Borges en las que investigadores como Alejandra Laera, Ana Gallego o Ivan Almeida han sabido ver una problematización de la relación entre literatura y dinero.
El escritor paraguayo y la tradición. Disputas en la postdictadura
Authors: Benisz Carla Daniela
Published: September 2018

El artículo presenta un episodio poco estudiado por la crítica literaria latinoamericana: la polémica entre los escritores paraguayos Augusto Roa Bastos y Carlos Villagra Marsal de 1989. Esta polémica permite abordar tanto aspectos de la literatura paraguaya contemporánea como de los debates intelectuales del campo intelectual paraguayo después de caída la dictadura de Alfredo Stroessner (1954-1989). La polémica despertó cuestiones éticas y personales que, finalmente, dominaron sus interpretaciones posteriores. Sin embargo, aquí trataré de presentarla, así sea sucintamente, desde los tres aspectos que esta polémica implica: el literario, el ético y el histórico.
Los cineastas, el dispositivo y los campos transnacionales: ser de acá y de allá a la vez
Authors: Castro Avelleyra Anabella Aurora
Published: September 2018

El presente artículo se propone pensar cómo se constituye un campo social transnacional (Glick Schiller y Levitt, 2004; Levitt, 2010) en el film Balseros (Carles Bosch y Josep Marí­a Domènech, 2002) y en qué medida y a partir de qué mecanismos los cineastas y el dispositivo cinematográfico funcionan como agentes activos en él, articulándolo de una manera particular, a través de su función explí­cita como transmisores de información entre destino y origen. La propuesta es realizar un análisis de la película que mixture la puesta en juego de conceptos provenientes del campo de los estudios migratorios con otros específicamente cinematográficos, vinculando la representación de problemáticas migratorias con las elecciones formales y estéticas de la película.
El compromiso bajo sospecha. De qué hablamos cuando hablamos de compromiso
Authors: Valero Gómez Manuel
Published: September 2018

El escenario poético español de los últimos treinta años ha reformulado el compromiso desde distintos ángulos estéticos e, incluso, como una opción inicial que marque toda una producción textual, ajena a la urgencia y la exigencia histórica. Este pequeño giro con respecto a la concepción primitiva del compromiso poético español y el engagement sartreano rompe, sin lugar a dudas, las barreras de la provisionalidad estética en aras de una responsabilidad ética-moral que ya no es opcional, sino que se incorpora como un derecho y un deber del contrato social-poético.
Primero el cuerpo y luego el libro: 'Voces del extremo. Antología (2012-2016)' o cómo continuar poniendo delante del capital otra imaginación política
Authors: Martínez Fernández Ángela
Published: September 2018

El presente artículo se centra en el estudio del proyecto político-poético de Voces del extremo, pero sitúa el foco de atención en sus componentes más ‘jóvenes’ para determinar de qué manera continúan (o no) con los presupuestos colectivos del proyecto y qué nivel de especificidad aportan al mismo. Para ello, el artículo aborda en primer lugar la problematización del concepto de ‘juventud’ en tanto que categoría histórica y cambiante y analiza, a partir de las entrevistas realizadas a los y las poetas, su relación con la etiqueta. Asimismo, se lleva a cabo un recorrido por la propuesta general y colectiva de Voces del extremo a partir de los planteamientos contrahegemónicos que han ido tomando forma desde finales de los años ochenta y que responden a una idea común: la poesía es entendida como subjetividad y, por tanto, como práctica vital de oposición al capitalismo. Es en este marco general donde se insertan las voces ‘jóvenes’ desde su propia singularidad histórica. Las prácticas poéticas que llevan a cabo en la última antología publicada (2012-2016) funcionan como base para detectar la continuidad de los planteamientos político-poéticos de Voces y ver, desde ahí, qué implicaciones ideológicas e históricas tiene todo ello.
О НАЧЕЛИМА СРПСКОГ ФИЛОЛОШКОГ ПРОГРАМА
Authors: Ковачевић Милош
Published: September 2018

У раду се даје опис разлога због којих је неопходно донијети основесрпског филолошког програма. Ти разлози тичу се низа нери јешених илина врло погрешан начин рјешаваних суштинских питања српскога књи-жевног језика, прије свега код Срба у постјуго словенском периоду. У радусе издвајају и образлажу четири темeљна начела на којима мора почиватисрпски филолошки програм, а та четири начела представљају упоришнетачке етнолингвистичког идентитета српскога језика.
СВЕТОСТ СРПСКЕ ПРОСВЕТЕ
Authors: Никитовић Зорица
Published: September 2018

У раду се разматра лексичко значење ријечи просвета и про светитељ,полазећи од средњовјековног значења појмoва svAtx-, svytx- и творбеноггнијезда које овај коријен ријечи у епоси црквенословенског језика обра-зује. Сљедствено различитим идејама по тоњих епоха, дошло је до раздва-јања значења ријечи просветитељ и просветити којe у савременом лексич-ком систему српског језика и књижевности егзистирају са два различитасемантичка садржаја – средњовјековном, светосавском, и нововјековном,досите јевском, значењу. С обзиром на сложеност данашње ситуације упросвјети, основним и средњим школама нарочито, те значају васпитно-обра зовног процеса у формирању личности, у раду се афирмише светосав-ски појам просвјете.
ЧИТАЊЕ ЗАБОРАВА
Authors: Поповић Ранко
Published: September 2018

Рад је базиран на освјетљавању чинилаца кризе читања која потирезначај и смисао читања као активног и захтјевног духовног чина који чита-оца доводи до спознаје властитог идентитета. Рад даје смјернице запревазилажење кризе читања чији су главни носиоци: наставник, мањкавинаставни програми, ученик и савремена средства комуникације.
О СУСРЕТИМА У ЈЕЗИКУ
Authors: Чолаковић Вера
Published: September 2018

Књижевни језик није само језик књижевних дјела него треба дабуде и језик свакодневне комуникације, дневне штампе и дру-гих медија и при томе је важно да се реализује као језик у упо-треби који поштује прописане норме. Да ли је тако са српским књи-жевним, стандардним језиком? Да ли језик, на релацији друштво – језик,губи битку у савременим друштвеним токовима? То су неке од мисликоје се намећу при читању књиге Простор, време, друштво – сусрети ујезику др Марине Јањић и др Илијане Чутуре.
Allosteric regulators selectively prevent Ca2+-feedback of CaV and NaV channels
Authors: Niu Jacqueline , Dick Ivy E , Yang Wanjun , Bamgboye Moradeke A , Yue David T , Tomaselli Gordon , Inoue Takanari , Ben-Johny Manu
Published: September 2018

Calmodulin (CaM) serves as a pervasive regulatory subunit of CaV1, CaV2, and NaV1 channels, exploiting a functionally conserved carboxy-tail element to afford dynamic Ca2+-feedback of cellular excitability in neurons and cardiomyocytes. Yet this modularity counters functional adaptability, as global changes in ambient CaM indiscriminately alter its targets. Here, we demonstrate that two structurally unrelated proteins, SH3 and cysteine-rich domain (stac) and fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (fhf) selectively diminish Ca2+/CaM-regulation of CaV1 and NaV1 families, respectively. The two proteins operate on allosteric sites within upstream portions of respective channel carboxy-tails, distinct from the CaM-binding interface. Generalizing this mechanism, insertion of a short RxxK binding motif into CaV1.3 carboxy-tail confers synthetic switching of CaM regulation by Mona SH3 domain. Overall, our findings identify a general class of auxiliary proteins that modify Ca2+/CaM signaling to individual targets allowing spatial and temporal orchestration of feedback, and outline strategies for engineering Ca2+/CaM signaling to individual targets.
Tolerância da cebola implantada por semeadura direta ao flumioxazin aplicado em pós-emergência inicial
Authors: Oliveira Marcelo Gomes , Dias Roque Carvalho , Melo Christiane Augusta Diniz , Mendes Kassio Ferreira , Silva Paulo Vinicius , Silva Daniel Valadão , Reis Marcelo Rodrigues
Published: September 2018

O manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura da cebola é prática fundamental para reduzir ou eliminar a interferência de plantas infestantes, uma vez que a cultura, especialmente em sistema de semeadura direta, apresenta crescimento inicial lento e baixa capacidade competitiva. Nesse sentido, para a correta utilização dos herbicidas é necessário conhecer os efeitos proporcionados pelas doses na cultura da cebola bem como quantificar este efeito para os diferentes estádios fenológicos. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar a tolerância da cebola, em sistema de semeadura direta, ao flumioxazin aplicado em pós-emergência em diferentes estádios fenológicos. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições em arranjo fatorial 4 × 5 + 1, sendo o primeiro fator constituído das doses de flumioxazin (2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10 g ha-1) o segundo dos estádios fenológicos em que as aplicações foram realizadas (chicote, 1ª folha verdadeira, 2ª folha verdadeira, 3ª folha verdadeira e 4ª folha verdadeira.), além do tratamento adicional (controle sem aplicação). Foram avaliadas a altura das folhas, matéria seca da parte aérea, diâmetro e peso de bulbos. A aplicação do flumioxazin em pós-emergência da cebola reduziu todas as variáveis avaliadas, quando realizada até o estádio de 2ª folha verdadeira. Os efeitos negativos foram maiores com o incremento da dose do herbicida nos estádios iniciais de crescimento da cebola. Por outro lado, o flumioxazin aplicado a partir da 3ª folha verdadeira, independente da dose, não afetou nenhum dos parâmetros analisados. Após a emissão da terceira folha verdadeira a cebola apresentou tolerância ao flumioxazin.
Resposta no controle de capim-amargoso a mistura de tanque de glyphosate e haloxifope com auxinas sintéticas
Authors: Pereira Gabriel Rohrer , Zobiole Luiz Henrique Saes , Rossi Caio Vitagliano Santi
Published: September 2018

No Brasil, a resistência de plantas daninhas ao glyphosate está aumentando, tanto para espécies de folha larga como gramíneas presentes na mesma área, tornando necessário o desenvolvimento de estratégias eficazes de manejo. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficácia do herbicida haloxyfope-p-metil associado ao glyphosate em Digitaria insularis (capim-amargoso) quando misturados com mimetizadores de auxinas. Os experimentos foram realizados em duas localidades, Mogi Mirim/SP e Indianópolis/MG em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos herbicidas foram: haloxifope-p-metil (124 g ia ha-1); haloxifope-p-metil + halauxifen-metil + diclosulam (124 + 30,6 g ai ha-1); haloxifope-p-metil + dicamba (124 + 560 g ai ha-1); haloxifope-p-metil + 2,4-D (124 + 1000 g ia ha-1); haloxifope-p-metil + halauxifen-metil (124 + 5 g ai ha-1) e haloxifope-p-metil + diclosulam (124 + 25 g ia ha-1) e testemunha sem aplicação de herbicida. Todos os tratamentos herbicidas foram aplicados com glyphosate a 1440 g ia ha-1. As aplicações foram realizadas quando as plantas de capim-amargoso estavam em 4 a 6 perfilhos. Halauxifen-metil não afetou negativamente o controle de capim-amargoso quando aplicado em conjunto com haloxifope-p-metil e glyphosate, resultando em controle de 82 e 100%, para Mogi Mirim e Indianópolis, respectivamente. Entretanto, o controle de capim-amargoso com haloxifope-p-metil mais glyphosate não foi aceitável quando misturado com dicamba ou com 2,4-D, apresentando controles inferiorà 70%. Em áreas com populações mistas de folhas largas e gramíneas, o halauxifen-metil pode ser uma boa combinação para ser aplicada em conjunto com haloxifope-p-metil e glyphosate para controlar essas ervas daninhas sem diminuir o desempenho do graminicida.
Effect of Uniaxial Tension on the Microstructure and Texture of High Mn Steel
Authors: Pramanik Sudipta , Gazder Azdiar A. , Saleh Ahmed A. , Santos Dagoberto B. , Pereloma Elena V.
Published: September 2018

Cold‐rolled to 42% thickness reduction and annealed at 500, 625, and 700 °C, an Fe–17Mn–3Al–2Si–1Ni–0.06C wt% steel is subjected to uniaxial tension and characterized via digital image correlation and electron back‐scattering diffraction. The cold‐rolled and 500 °C samples return similar microstructures comprising predominantly α′‐martensite and remnant ϵ‐martensite fractions and a trace fraction of untransformed austenite (γ) before and after uniaxial tension. For the 625 and 700 °C samples, uniaxial tension results in the transformation of the initially reverted and recrystallized γ into ϵ and α′‐martensite via strain localization. The γ shows the formation of , double‐fiber texture, whereas the ϵ and α′‐martensite show the development of the {hkil}ϵ and || ND fibers, respectively. extension twinning is also observed in ϵ‐martensite upon uniaxial tension. The cold‐rolled sample exhibits a mixed brittle and ductile fracture mode. The fracture of the 500 °C sample is similar to that of the cold‐rolled sample, whereas the 625 and 700 °C samples display a ductile fracture mode.
Long Distance Transport of Microdroplets and Precise Microfluidic Patterning Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Nie Jinhui , Ren Zewei , Bai Yu , Shao Jiajia , Jiang Tao , Xu Liang , Chen Xiangyu , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2018

Here, a smart microfluidic system that can realize both long distance transport of micro‐/nanodroplets and precise patterning of microfluidics is designed based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and a photocontrollable adhesion surface (PCAS). The high output voltage from TENG can eject a microdroplet to a maximum distance of 640 mm (a maximum distance/diameter ratio of 300), while TENG can also manipulate the microdroplet under a thick dielectric layer (2 mm). Meanwhile, water adhesion as well as contact angle of the PCAS changes significantly with a short period of UV treatment and thus it can help to capture the moving microfluidics at the designated position. Moreover, microfluidic patterning with a variety of patterns and arrays on this PCAS can be obtained by using UV imprinting and the combination of TENG and PCAS can achieve an effective self‐powered microfluidic patterning system. Finally, a tunable gripper probe for 3D transport of microdroplets is demonstrated as another application of TENG and PCAS. These smart microfluidic systems based on TENG and PCAS have excellent applicability for many fields, such as drug/cell delivery, controllable chemical reaction for liquid testing, and production of microdroplets.
Advances in Receptor‐Mediated, Tumor‐Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Large Danielle E. , Soucy Jonathan R. , Hebert Jacob , Auguste Debra T.
Published: September 2018

Receptor‐mediated drug delivery presents an opportunity to enhance therapeutic efficiency by accumulating drug within the tissue of interest and reducing undesired, off‐target effects. In cancer, receptor overexpression is a platform for binding and inhibiting pathways that shape biodistribution, toxicity, cell binding and uptake, and therapeutic function. This review will identify tumor‐targeted drug delivery vehicles and receptors that show promise for clinical translation based on quantitative in vitro and in vivo data. The authors describe the rationale to engineer a targeted drug delivery vehicle based on the ligand, chemical conjugation method, and type of drug delivery vehicle. Recent advances in multivalent targeting and ligand organization on tumor accumulation are discussed. Revolutionizing receptor‐mediated drug delivery may be leveraged in the therapeutic delivery of chemotherapy, gene editing tools, and epigenetic drugs.
Recent Advances in van der Waals Heterojunctions Based on Semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Li Ruiping , Li Lain‐Jong , Cheng Yingchun , Huang Wei
Published: September 2018

Due to the direct bandgap with coupled spin–valley physics, semiconducting MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) materials have attracted considerable attention and have numerous proposed applications. With the development of 2D materials research, many 2D materials have been discovered, such as insulators, semiconductors, ferromagnetic semiconductors, topological insulators, metals, and ferromagnetic metals. van der Waals heterojunctions (vdWHs), based on MX2 and other 2D materials, have attracted increasing attention because of their various potential applications, such as field effect transistors, solar cells, photodetectors, light emitting diodes, and lasers. Based on the functionality of 2D materials, vdWHs are classified into six classes: MX2/semiconductors, MX2/insulators, MX2/topological insulators, MX2/ferromagnetic semiconductors, MX2/metals, and MX2/ferromagnetic metals. For each class of vdWHs, the structural, electronic, and optical properties, as well as potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics, are reviewed. Finally, an overview of perspectives and challenges regarding vdWHs based on MX2 materials is presented.
Harsh‐Environmental‐Resistant Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Its Applications in Autodrive Safety Warning
Authors: Wen Jing , Chen Baodong , Tang Wei , Jiang Tao , Zhu Laipan , Xu Liang , Chen Jian , Shao Jiajia , Han Kai , Ma Wen , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2018

Rapid advancements in multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing must be partnered with corresponding advances in durability and heat‐resistance, especially under harsh working conditions. A device suitable for harsh environmental applications based on the wear‐resistant triboelectric material is reported. The working modes of the harsh‐environmental TENG (heTENG) are composed of freestanding and single electrode that enable both harvesting sliding/vibration energy and self‐powered vibrational sensing. For the first time, a TENG possessing wear resistance, withstanding high temperature, and high hardness is achieved by employing micro–nanocomposite for triboelectric materials. It is demonstrated to be directly used as a key supporting part, such as automobile's brake pads. In addition, it is found that the heTENG outputs 221 V, 27.9 µA cm−2, and 33.4 µC cm−2. Furthermore, since heTENG is vibration‐sensitive, the automobile's self‐powered smart braking system and sensor network are developed successfully which can automatically provide a precise early‐warning signals, such as a reminder for brake replacement, and an indicator for tire overloading, and pressure. This work shows a new strategy to enhance the performance of triboelectric materials, making it applicable to harsh environments, as well as potential applications in autonomous vehicles and industrial brakes.
Engineering Stress in Perovskite Solar Cells to Improve Stability
Authors: Rolston Nicholas , Bush Kevin A. , Printz Adam D. , Gold‐Parker Aryeh , Ding Yichuan , Toney Michael F. , McGehee Michael D. , Dauskardt Reinhold H.
Published: September 2018

An overlooked factor affecting stability: the residual stresses in perovskite films, which are tensile and can exceed 50 MPa in magnitude, a value high enough to deform copper, is reported. These stresses provide a significant driving force for fracture. Films are shown to be more unstable under tensile stress—and conversely more stable under compressive stress—when exposed to heat or humidity. Increasing the formation temperature of perovskite films directly correlates with larger residual stresses, a result of the high thermal expansion coefficient of perovskites. Specifically, this tensile stress forms upon cooling to room temperature, as the substrate constrains the perovskite from shrinking. No evidence of stress relaxation is observed, with the purely elastic film stress attributed to the thermal expansion mismatch between the perovskite and substrate. Additionally, the authors demonstrate that using a bath conversion method to form the perovskite film at room temperature leads to low stress values that are unaffected by further annealing, indicating complete perovskite formation prior to annealing. It is concluded that reducing the film stress is a novel method for improving perovskite stability, which can be accomplished by lower formation temperatures, flexible substrates with high thermal expansion coefficients, and externally applied compressive stress after fabrication.
Photosynthetic opportunity cost and energetic cost of a rapid leaf closure behavior in Mimosa pudica
Authors: Bao Tan , Roy Gwendolyn , Cahill James F.
Published: September 2018

Premise of the Study

The rapid leaf movement of Mimosa pudica is expected to be costly because of energetic trade‐offs with other processes such as growth and reproduction. Here, we assess the photosynthetic opportunity cost and energetic cost of the unique leaf closing behavior of M. pudica.

Methods

In the greenhouse, we employed novel touch‐stimulation machines to expose plants to one of three treatments: (1) untouched control plants; (2) plants touch‐stimulated to close their leaves during the day to incur energetic costs associated with leaf movement and reduced photosynthesis; (3) plants touched at night to assess the effects of touch alone. M. pudica is nyctinastic and closes its leaves at night; thus, touching at night does not impart additional costs. We directly assessed costs by comparing physical traits. Leaf re‐opening response was measured to assess the potential for plant behavioral plasticity to impact photosynthetic opportunity costs.

Key Results

The cost of rapid leaf closure behavior was expressed as a 47% reduction in reproductive biomass accounting for the effect of touch. Touch itself changed physical traits such as biomass, with touched plants being generally bigger. Plants touched at night re‐opened their leaflets 26% quicker than plants touched during the day.

Conclusions

We reason that the reproductive allocation costs incurred by M. pudica can be attributed to a combination of photosynthetic opportunity cost and the energetic cost associated with increased stimulation of leaf movement and that behavioral plasticity has the potential to alter photosynthetic opportunity costs.
Design of antibacterial polyethylene terephthalate masterbatch functionalized by modified nano‐Mg(OH)2
Authors: Zhu Yimin , Wang Ying , Sha Lin , Zhao Jiao , Li Xiaoyi
Published: September 2018

In this work, antibacterial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) masterbatch (APM) was prepared by melting‐and‐mixing technology, with nano‐Mg(OH)2 as antibacterial fillers and pure‐PET slices as basic materials. In addition, titanate coupling agents and stearic acid were used as additives to improve the compatibility of nano‐Mg(OH)2 and PET. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization indicated that the modified nano‐Mg(OH)2 particles (10, 20, and 30%) wrapped by PET with a diameter ranging of 0.1–0.5 μm were well dispersed in APM. Moreover, the attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) results indicated the existence of titanate coupling agents and stearic acid in APM. Furthermore, the antibacterial test showed that nano‐Mg(OH)2 and APM had excellent antibacterial property against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and resulted in the protein leakage of E. coli. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46755.
Influence of silver nanowires on thermal and electrical behaviors of a poly(epoxy) coating for aeronautical application
Authors: Bedel Vincent , Lonjon Antoine , Dantras Éric , Bouquet Michel
Published: September 2018

Thermal and electrical behaviors of a poly(epoxy) coating with high electrical conductivity used for aeronautic applications are investigated. The poly(epoxy) used is designed for resin transfer molding (RTM) applications, it have a low viscosity at room temperature (around 1 Pa s) and a high T
g (>160 °C). This study details the influence of silver nanowires with a high aspect ratio, on the thermal behavior such as the relative degree of reaction α and the kinetics parameters thanks to dynamic and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Conductivity measurements of surface and volume have permitted to determine a very low percolation threshold at around 0.7% in volume. The value of electrical conductivity above the percolation threshold is upper than 102 S m−1 and the lowest surface resistivity was measured around 13 mΩ sq−1 both for 8% in volume of AgNWs. This kind of coating has a great interest for lightning strike protection of aircraft parts due to the high electrical conductivity obtained with a low overweight. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46829.
Heavy metal ions removal from water using a smart polyurethane/acrylic hybrid
Authors: Pardini F. M. , Faccia P. A. , Amalvy J. I.
Published: September 2018

Heavy metal contamination is certainly one of the most serious environmental problems today. In the present work, polymer films with pH‐responsive properties were used for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution. These polymers were prepared using different amounts of 2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA), and a polyurethane based on isophorone diisocyanate (PU) to obtain pH‐responsive hybrid films of PU/DEA. Equilibrium sorption characteristics of Cu2+ and Zn2+ on polymer films were evaluated through batch studies. Hybrid systems were characterized by using FTIR, UV–Visible and microscopy techniques. The effect of pH, initial metal ion concentration and hybrid film composition on the extent of sorption were investigated. Maximum removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in hybrid systems was at pH 4.0, for 250 mg/L initial concentration of each ion, and for the hybrid system with more proportion of DEA (50 wt. %). Polymer systems showed greater selectivity for Zn2+ than for Cu2+, and the equilibrium sorption data were satisfactorily fitted to Langmuir sorption isotherm model. Characterization techniques revealed that functional groups of DEA, in hybrid systems, are the main sorption sites for the metal ions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46874.
Electrospun polymer blend with tunable structure for oil–water separation
Authors: Jurdi R. , Zaidouny L. , Abou‐Daher M. , Tehrani‐Bagha A. R. , Ghaddar N. , Ghali K.
Published: September 2018

In this study, polyurethane (PU) alone or in blend with 10% polystyrene (PS) or poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) was used for electrospinning (ES) of nanofibers. The optimum conditions for obtaining the minimum fiber diameter were found to be [polymer] = 10 wt %, polymer feed rate = 2 mL h−1, voltage = 21 kV, tip to collector distance = 21 cm, and the drum speed = 600 rpm. The time of ES was used as a parameter for controlling the thickness and the average pore size diameter of the membranes. The average pore size diameter decreased almost linearly by increasing the thickness. The resulting electrospun membranes were hydrophobic and oleophilic in nature with the water contact angle above 130°. The hydrostatic pressure head of the membranes increased by decreasing the average pore size diameter. The maximum initial oil separation flux was achieved for the membranes with larger average pore size diameters in the order of: PU9:1PS > PU > PU9:1PVDF‐HFP. The membranes were used for four consecutive cycles without any noticeable loss of separation performance. The diesel oil recovery percentage after 1 h was found to be above 85% for the PU9:1PS and PU membranes. A commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, with a thickness of 94 μm and the average pore size diameter of 0.45 μm, was used for benchmarking. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46890.
Electrically controlled release of 5‐fluorouracil from conductive gelatin methacryloyl‐based hydrogels
Authors: Oktay Salise , Alemdar Neslihan
Published: September 2018

Herein, electro‐responsive hydrogels were obtained by incorporation of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) into the gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) by using photopolymerization technique. Hydrogels were characterized by FTIR and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Cytotoxicity tests were performed by L929 cell lines to determine cell compatibility. Swelling tests were conducted to investigate the water uptake capacity of hydrogels. 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) was selected as a model drug as it is known as a topical drug for some skin cancer type treatment. The release of 5‐FU from the hydrogel was provided in efficient and controlled manner at simulated skin cancer (pH = 5.5) and under 0 and 1.5 V. The simulated drug delivery experiments conducted in vitro revealed that the drug releasing amount was higher when voltage is applied to the hydrogels. All results visualized that the obtained GelMA‐based PEDOT/PSS hydrogels with enhanced electrical properties could be a potential candidate as an electrically sensitive drug carrier for treatment of skin cancer in the future applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46914.
Pervaporation separation of an azeotropic mixture of a tetrahydrofuran–water system with nanostructured polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane embedded poly(vinyl alcohol)
Authors: Swapna Valiya Parambath , Jose Thomasukutty , George Soney C. , Thomas Sabu , Stephen Ranimol
Published: September 2018

Cage ‐ structured polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecules were used as modifiers in the fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane for the separation of an azeotropic mixture of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water system. Poly(ethylene glycol) and anionic octa(tetramethyl ammonium)‐functionalized POSS were used for this study. The membranes exhibited excellent water selectivity and permeance because of their preferential interactions toward water molecules in the azeotropic THF–water mixture. In the presence of poly(ethylene glycol)–POSS and anionic octa(tetramethyl ammonium)–POSS, the PVA membrane exhibited a significant increase in selectivity. A modified Maxwell–Stefan equation was used for the computation of the theoretical flux, which was compared with the experimental values. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47060.
A 3D Haloplumbate Framework Constructed From Unprecedented Lindqvist‐like Highly Coordinated [Pb6Br25]13− Nanoclusters with Temperature‐Dependent Emission
Authors: Li Xinxiong , Do T. Thu Ha , Granados del Águila A. , Huang Yinjuan , Chen Wangqiao , Xiong Qihua , Zhang Qichun
Published: September 2018

Searching novel haloplumbate building units to construct three‐dimensional (3D) frameworks is very important and highly desirable because such materials would possess new physical properties and potential applications. Here, by employing tetrakis(N‐imidazolemethylene)methane(TIMM) as a structure‐directing agent, the first 3D haloplumbate framework constructed from unprecedented Lindqvist‐like highly coordinated [Pb6Br25]13− nanoclusters has been successfully prepared under hydrothermal condition, where all Pb2+ centres in [Pb6Br25]13− nanoclusters adopt seven‐/eight‐coordinated configurations. The as‐obtained material is a wide‐gap semiconductor (≈3.1 eV) and can be stable up to 320 °C. More importantly, this material has been demonstrated to show temperature‐dependent emission. Our results could provide a new strategy to explore novel metal–halide open‐framework materials.
Orbital widening due to radiation reaction around a magnetized black hole
Authors: Tursunov A. A. , Kološ M. , Stuchlík Z.
Published: September 2018

Radiation reaction acting on a charged particle moving at a stable circular orbit of a magnetized black hole (BH) can lead to the shift of the orbital radius outward from the BH. The effect causes an increase of the energy and angular momentum of the particle measured by an observer at rest at infinity. In this paper, we show that “widening” of such orbits is independent of the field configuration, but it appears only in the cases with the external Lorentz force acting outward from the BH. This condition corresponds to qLB > 0, where q and L are the charge and angular momentum of the particle, and B is intensity of the external magnetic field. As examples of the orbital widening, we consider two scenarios with an external homogeneous magnetic field and a magnetic dipole field generated by a current loop around a Schwarzschild BH. We show that the orbital widening is accompanied by quasi‐harmonic oscillations of the particle, which are considerably large in the magnetic dipole fields. We also estimate the timescales of orbital widening, from which it follows that the effect can be relevant in the vicinity of stellar‐mass BHs.
Detecting radio frequency interference in radio‐antenna arrays with the recurrent neural network algorithm
Authors: Burd P. R. , Mannheim K. , März T. , Ringholz J. , Kappes A. , Kadler M.
Published: September 2018

Signal artifacts due to radio frequency interference (RFI) are a common nuisance in radio astronomy. Conventionally, the RFI‐affected data are tagged by an expert data analyst in order to warrant data quality. In view of the increasing data rates obtained with interferometric radio telescope arrays, automatic data filtering procedures are mandatory. Here, we present the results from the implementation of a RFI‐detecting recurrent neural network (RNN) employing long short‐term memory (LSTM) cells. For the training of the algorithm, a discrete model was used that distinguishes RFI and non‐RFI data, based on the amplitude information from radio interferometric observations with the Giant Metre‐Wave Radio Telescope (GMRT) at 610 MHz. The performance of the RNN is evaluated by analyzing a confusion matrix. The true positive and true negative rates of the network are ∼99.9 and ∼97.9%, respectively. However, the overall efficiency of the network is ∼30% because of the fact that a large amount non‐RFI data is classified as being contaminated by RFI. Matthews correlation coefficient is 0.42, suggesting that a still more refined training model is required.
Space radiation monitoring with Timepix
Authors: Filgas R.
Published: September 2018

Space radiation monitors have lately become increasingly interesting for space agencies and satellite developers. During the lifetime of the satellite, the dynamic development of the radiation environment caused by geomagnetic storms or solar eruptions can be studied. Continuous Earth magnetosphere monitoring allows us to obtain information on the composition, flux, spectrum, and direction of the arrival of energetic particles, including time and space fluctuations of these parameters. In addition to scientific research, these data provide very valuable information about the effects of dangerous cosmic rays on satellites and spacecraft crews. In this paper, we present an overview of Timepix‐based radiation monitors currently in space and in future missions.
Digitization and astrophysical use of Hewitt Camera Archive
Authors: Hudec R. , Hudec L. , Howarth J.
Published: September 2018

We briefly present the status of digitization and astrophysical use of the Hewitt Camera Archive, UK. These wide‐field images, so far little used for astrophysical work, cover both northern as well as southern sky down to limiting mag 13. We also discuss the potential of photographic images taken by satellite tracking cameras for recent astrophysics in general.
Maternal antihypertensive medication use and selected birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Fisher Sarah C. , Van Zutphen Alissa R. , Werler Martha M. , Romitti Paul A. , Cunniff Christopher , Browne Marilyn L. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: September 2018

Background

There are limited data on the relationship between antihypertensive medication use in early pregnancy and risk of birth defects.

Methods

Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, we examined associations between specific antihypertensive medication classes and 28 noncardiac birth defects. We analyzed self‐reported data on 17,038 case and 11,477 control pregnancies with estimated delivery dates during 1997–2011. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, parity, pregestational diabetes, and study site, for associations between individual birth defects and antihypertensive medication use during the first trimester of pregnancy. We compared risk among women reporting early pregnancy antihypertensive medication use to normotensive women.

Results

Hypertensive women who reported early pregnancy antihypertensive medication use were more likely to be at least 35 years old, non‐Hispanic Black, obese, multiparous, and to report pregestational diabetes than normotensive women. Compared to normotensive women, early pregnancy antihypertensive medication use was associated with increased risk of small intestinal atresia (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.7) and anencephaly (adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–3.5). Risk of these defects was not specific to any particular medication class.

Conclusions

Maternal antihypertensive medication use was not associated with the majority of birth defects we analyzed, but was associated with an increased risk for some birth defects. Because we cannot entirely rule out confounding by the underlying hypertension and most ORs were based on small numbers, the increased risks observed should be interpreted with caution.
Understanding how the concentration of neighborhood advantage and disadvantage affects spina bifida risk among births to non‐Hispanic white and Hispanic women, Texas, 1999–2014
Authors: Shumate Charles , Hoyt Adrienne , Liu Charles , Kleinert Aja , Canfield Mark
Published: September 2018

Background

This is the first study to utilize the index of concentration at the extremes (ICE) to examine risk factors for spina bifida in Texas. The ICE is a useful measure for providing the degree to which residents in a certain area are concentrated into groups at the extremes of disadvantage and privilege. We introduce two novel ICE measures (language and nativity), and three existing ICE measures (race/ethnicity, income, and education), which we applied specifically to Texas residents.

Methods

We used multivariable mixed‐model Poisson regression analyses to estimate spina bifida birth prevalence and prevalence ratios among singleton live births in Texas, 1999–2014, for each of our ICE measures. Maternal census tract at delivery was included in the models as a random effect. Analyses were stratified by maternal race/ethnicity (Hispanics and non‐Hispanic whites). Live births served as denominators for each category.

Results

Among non‐Hispanic white women, those in the most disadvantaged versus the advantaged census tract quintile had adjusted relative risk between 1.6 and 8.5 for having a baby affected by spina bifida. However, Hispanic women in the most disadvantaged versus advantaged census tract quintile for four ICE measures had a 33% to 87% lower risk of having an affected pregnancy.

Conclusions

Findings suggest spina bifida risk is associated with neighborhood disadvantage or advantage, and that relationship seems to vary by race‐ethnicity. The varied associations between ICE measures and spina bifida by race/ethnicity highlights the importance of using targeted interventions in the prevention of spina bifida.
The Abc of Phosphonate Breakdown: A Mechanism for Bacterial Survival
Authors: Manav M. Cemre , Sofos Nicholas , Hove‐Jensen Bjarne , Brodersen Ditlev E.
Published: September 2018

Bacteria have evolved advanced strategies for surviving during nutritional stress, including expression of specialized enzyme systems that allow them to grow on unusual nutrient sources. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is limiting in most ecosystems, hence organisms have developed a sophisticated, enzymatic machinery known as carbon‐phosphorus (C‐P) lyase, allowing them to extract phosphate from a wide range of phosphonate compounds. These are characterized by a stable covalent bond between carbon and phosphorus making them very hard to break down. Despite the challenges involved in both synthesizing and catabolizing phosphonates, they are widespread in nature. The enzymes required for the bacterial C‐P lyase pathway have been identified and for the most part structurally characterized. Nevertheless, the mechanistic principles governing breakdown of phosphonate compounds remain enigmatic. In this review, an overview of the C‐P lyase pathway is provided and structural aspects of the involved enzyme complexes are discussed with a special emphasis on the role of ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) proteins.
A synthetic enzymatic pathway for extremely thermophilic acetone production based on the unexpectedly thermostable acetoacetate decarboxylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum
Authors: Zeldes Benjamin M. , Straub Christopher T. , Otten Jonathan K. , Adams Michael W. W. , Kelly Robert M.
Published: September 2018

One potential advantage of an extremely thermophilic metabolic engineering host (T
opt ≥ 70°C) is facilitated recovery of volatile chemicals from the vapor phase of an active fermenting culture. This process would reduce purification costs and concomitantly alleviate toxicity to the cells by continuously removing solvent fermentation products such as acetone or ethanol, a process we are calling “bio‐reactive distillation.” Although extremely thermophilic heterologous metabolic pathways can be inspired by existing mesophilic versions, they require thermostable homologs of the constituent enzymes if they are to be utilized in extremely thermophilic bacteria or archaea. Production of acetone from acetyl‐CoA and acetate in the mesophilic bacterium
Clostridium acetobutylicum utilizes three enzymes: thiolase, acetoacetyl‐CoA: acetate CoA transferase (CtfAB), and acetoacetate decarboxylase (Adc). Previously reported biocatalytic pathways for acetone production were demonstrated only as high as 55°C. Here, we demonstrate a synthetic enzymatic pathway for acetone production that functions up to at least 70°C in vitro, made possible by the unusual thermostability of Adc from the mesophile
C. acetobutylicum, and heteromultimeric acetoacetyl‐CoA:acetate CoA‐transferase (CtfAB) complexes from
Thermosipho melanesiensis and
Caldanaerobacter subterraneus, composed of a highly thermostable α‐subunit and a thermally labile β‐subunit. The three enzymes produce acetone in vitro at temperatures of at least 70°C, paving the way for bio‐reactive distillation of acetone using a metabolically engineered extreme thermophile as a production host.