bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Seniors at Risk Score to Determine Geriatric Evaluations on Trauma Patients With Hip Fractures
Authors: Long Taylor K. , Booza Stephanie D. , Turner Lauren N.
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

Trauma centers are confronted with rising numbers of geriatric trauma patients at high risk for adverse outcomes. Geriatric screening is advocated but not standardized within trauma centers.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to describe the impact of Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) screening on patient outcomes and geriatric evaluations.

METHODS:

This study used a pre-/postdesign to assess the impact of ISAR screening on patient outcomes and geriatric evaluations in trauma patients 60 years and older, comparing the periods before (2014–2016) and after (2017–2019) screening implementation.

RESULTS:

Charts for 1,142 patients were reviewed. Comparing pre- to post-ISAR groups, the post-ISAR group with geriatric evaluations were older (M = 82.06, SD = 9.51 vs. M = 83.64, SD = 8.69; p = .026) with higher Injury Severity Scores (M = 9.22, SD = 0.69 vs. M = 9.38, SD = 0.92; p = .001). There was no significant difference in length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, readmission rate, hospice consults, or inhospital mortality. Inhospital mortality (n = 8/380, 2.11% vs. n = 4/434, 0.92%) and length of stay in hours (M = 136.49, SD = 67.09 vs. M = 132.53, SD = 69.06) down-trended in the postgroup with geriatric evaluation.

CONCLUSION:

Resources and care coordination efforts can be directed toward specific geriatric screening scores to achieve optimal outcomes. Varying results were found related to outcomes of geriatric evaluations prompting future research.
Evaluating the Effect of a Dosing and Titration Protocol on Dexmedetomidine-Induced Hypotension in Trauma Patients
Authors: Kurtz Peyton M. , VanLandingham Jason , Cormican Michael , Gibson Kyle , Roebuck Leslie
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

Dexmedetomidine is an α-2 receptor agonist commonly used as a continuous infusion for sedation and analgesia; however, dose-dependent hypotension may limit its utility. Despite its widespread use, there is no consensus on appropriate dosing and titration.

OBJECTIVE:

The objective of this study was to determine whether a dexmedetomidine dosing and titration protocol is associated with decreased rates of hypotension in trauma patients.

METHODS:

This pre-post intervention study took place at a Level II trauma center in the Southeastern United States from August 2021 to March 2022 and included patients admitted by the trauma service to either the surgical trauma intensive care unit or intermediate care unit and received dexmedetomidine for greater than or equal to 6 hours. Patients were excluded if they were hypotensive or on vasopressors at baseline. The primary outcome was incidence of hypotension. Secondary outcomes included dosing and titration practices, initiation of a vasopressor, incidence of bradycardia, and time to goal Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) score.

RESULTS:

Fifty-nine patients met inclusion criteria: 30 in the pre-intervention group and 29 in the post-intervention group. Protocol adherence in the post group was 34% with a median of one violation per patient. Rates of hypotension were similar between the groups (60% vs. 45%, p = .243) but significantly lower in the post group patients with zero protocol violations (60% vs. 20%, p = .029). The post group also had a significantly lower maximal dose (1.1 vs. 0.7 μg/kg/hr, p < .001). There were no significant differences in the initiation of a vasopressor, incidence of bradycardia, or time to goal RASS.

CONCLUSION:

Adherence to a dexmedetomidine dosing and titration protocol significantly decreased incidence of hypotension and maximal dexmedetomidine dose without increasing time to goal RASS score in critically ill trauma patients.
Current trends in unilateral cleft lip repair
Authors: Hughes Evan B. , Tatum Sherard A.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this review is to provide an in-depth look at the current perioperative and intraoperative practices for unilateral cleft lip repair. The contemporary literature reveals trends towards incorporation of curvilinear and geometric hybrid lip repairs. Perioperative practices are trending in new directions as well with the use of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols to reduce morbidity and length of stay, continued use of nasoalveolar molding, and a tendency to favor outpatient repair with more utilization of same day surgery centers. There is much room for growth, with new and exciting technologies on the horizon to improve upon cosmesis, functionality, and the operative experience.
Selective neurectomy for nonflaccid facial palsy
Authors: Ovaitt Alyssa K. , Chweya Cynthia M. , Flynn John
Published: May 2023

Purpose of review

To review the evolving role of selective neurectomy in the management of patients with synkinesis including the history of selective neurectomy, operative techniques, and clinical outcomes.

Recent findings

Modified selective neurectomy alone or in conjunction with other procedures achieves more durable outcomes based on objective measures such as time to recurrence of symptoms and units of botulinum toxin required postoperatively. This is also reflected on patient reported quality of life outcome measures. Regarding operative technique, lower rates of oral incompetence are reported with division of an average of 6.7 nerve branches as opposed to more branches.

Chemodenervation has long been the mainstay of treatment in facial synkinesis, but in recent years, the paradigm has begun to shift in favor of incorporating interventions with more durable outcomes such as modified selective neurectomy. Modified selective neurectomy is often performed with other simultaneous surgeries such as nerve transfer, rhytidectomy, lid surgery and static facial reanimation primarily to address periocular synkinesis and synkinetic smile. The outcomes have been favorable with improvement in quality-of-life measures and a decrease in botulinum toxin requirements.
Comparison of spirometric parameters in athletes engaged in aerobic and anaerobic sports: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rajaure Yesha Shree , Thapa Bikalp , Budhathoki Lee , Rana Shavana RL , Khadka Manoj
Published: May 2023

Background:

Pulmonary function tests are better among athletes than non-athletes. The spirometry parameters may vary among athletes involved in aerobic and anaerobic sports. This study aims to study the difference in spirometry parameters among aerobic and anaerobic sports athletes.

Materials and methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 131 professional athletes. A convenience sampling technique was used. The data were collected from April to November 2022 using a proforma form, entered into Microsoft Excel, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.

Results:

Out of 131 total participants, 65 were involved in aerobic sports, while 66 were in anaerobic sports. The mean age of the participants was 27.34±5 years, the majority being male (n=104). Aerobic athletes had higher differences in forced vital capacity (1.19%, P=0.726) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (3.08%, P=0.315), the difference was not statistically significant. Statistically significantly higher difference in forced expiratory flow at 25–75% (13.42%, P=0.001), forced expiratory flow at 0.2–1.2 l/s (7.47%, P=0.035), and maximum voluntary ventilation (8.58%, P=0.023) values were observed among aerobic athletes.

Conclusion:

Aerobic and anaerobic athletes had no statistically significant difference in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second; however, other spirometry parameters were comparatively better in aerobic athletes.
Exploring the effects of adiponectin and leptin in correlating obesity with cognitive decline: a systematic review
Authors: Tasnim Nishat , Khan Nawsheen , Gupta Aditi , Neupane Purushottam , Mehta Aashna , Shah Shahtaj A. , Dey Rohit C.
Published: May 2023

Obesity and cognitive decline including dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) affect millions worldwide. Several studies have shown that obese individuals suffer from cognitive decline. Here, we suggest that adiponectin and leptin, protein hormones secreted by white adipose tissue explain the relationship between obesity and cognitive decline. We systematically searched PubMed and World Health Organization (WHO) websites with the keywords obesity and dementia and compiled literature that explains how adiponectin and leptin impact obesity and cognitive decline. Full-text, free-access articles on PubMed published after 2009 have been included. Whereas articles published before 2009, books, and reports were excluded. We concentrated on mechanisms via which adiponectin and leptin affect energy expenditure, fatty acid catabolism, satiety, hunger, Body Mass Index (BMI), neurogenesis, and brain structures that lead to the development of cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, we hypothesized that adiponectin and leptin hormones explain how obesity and dementia are connected. After compiling the research studies, we summarized that adiponectin and leptin negatively correlate to BMI. Adiponectin arbitrates energy expenditure and fatty acid catabolism to prevent obesity. In the presence of adiponectin, hippocampal cells proliferate, whereas neurogenesis is reduced in its absence. However, leptin prevents obesity by promoting satiety, reducing hunger, and increasing insulin sensitivity. It also has neuroprotective effects thus reducing the risk of developing cognitive decline. So, physical exercise, diet alteration, weight reduction, adiponectin, and leptin supplementation should be carried out to protect against obesity-induced cognitive decline. Therefore, further research studies should be done in this area.
Magnitude and associated factors of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates admitted to low resource settings: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tadasa Shimalis , Tilahun Habtamu , Melkie Mekonnen , Getachew Selamawit , Debele Gebiso R. , Bekele Firomsa
Published: May 2023

Background:

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is one of the medical issues that preterm infants are susceptible to as a result of their difficulty adjusting to life outside the womb. It is bleeding into the ventricular system from the germinal matrix, a highly cellular and vascular tissue that is only seen in preterm newborns and ruptures easily. The study aims to assess the magnitude and associated factors of IVH in preterm neonates.

Methods:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital (TGSH) from 14 March 2022 to 15 August 2022. The neonatal referral form, the mother’s medical file, an in-person interview with the mother, and bedside cranial sonography were used to collect clinical data. After data were entered into Epi Info and exported to Scientific Program for Social Science (SPSS), analysis was carried out using binary and multivariable logistic regression.

Results:

The overall magnitude of IVH in preterm newborns among preterm neonates admitted to TGSH was 53 (27.04%) (95% CI: 20.9–32.2%). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, a birth weight of between 1500 and 2000 g (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18–0.79) were negative, and those neonates with gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.04–4.41) were positively associated with the occurrence of IVH.

Conclusion:

The study discovered that the magnitude of IVH is slightly higher than that of prior studies done in different parts of the world, and those neonates delivered at early gestational ages and those with very low birth weight have a higher incidence of IVH. Both guardians and health providers should give more attention to those neonates born at an early gestational age and with small birth weight.
High-resolution characterization of short-term temporal variability in the taxonomic and resistome composition of wastewater influent
Authors: Chau Kevin K. , Goodall T. , Bowes M. , Easterbrook K. , Brett H. , Hughes J. , Crook D.W. , Read D.S. , Walker A.S. , Stoesser N.
Published: May 2023

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for population-level surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is gaining significant traction, but the impact of wastewater sampling methods on results is unclear. In this study, we characterized taxonomic and resistome differences between single-timepoint-grab and 24 h composites of wastewater influent from a large UK-based wastewater treatment work [WWTW (population equivalent: 223 435)]. We autosampled hourly influent grab samples (n=72) over three consecutive weekdays, and prepared additional 24 h composites (n=3) from respective grabs. For taxonomic profiling, metagenomic DNA was extracted from all samples and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. One composite and six grabs from day 1 underwent metagenomic sequencing for metagenomic dissimilarity estimation and resistome profiling. Taxonomic abundances of phyla varied significantly across hourly grab samples but followed a repeating diurnal pattern for all 3 days. Hierarchical clustering grouped grab samples into four time periods dissimilar in both 16S rRNA gene-based profiles and metagenomic distances. 24H-composites resembled mean daily phyla abundances and showed low variability of taxonomic profiles. Of the 122 AMR gene families (AGFs) identified across all day 1 samples, single grab samples identified a median of six (IQR: 5–8) AGFs not seen in the composite. However, 36/36 of these hits were at lateral coverage <0.5 (median: 0.19; interquartile range: 0.16–0.22) and potential false positives. Conversely, the 24H-composite identified three AGFs not seen in any grab with higher lateral coverage (0.82; 0.55–0.84). Additionally, several clinically significant human AGFs (bla
VIM, bla
IMP, bla
KPC) were intermittently or completely missed by grab sampling but captured by the 24 h composite. Wastewater influent undergoes significant taxonomic and resistome changes on short timescales potentially affecting interpretation of results based on sampling strategy. Grab samples are more convenient and potentially capture low-prevalence/transient targets but are less comprehensive and temporally variable. Therefore, we recommend 24H-composite sampling where feasible. Further validation and optimization of WBE methods is vital for its development into a robust AMR surveillance approach.
Keratin isoform shifts modulate motility signals during wound healing
Authors: Nanes Benjamin A , Bhatt Kushal , Boujemaa-Paterski Rajaa , Azarova Evgenia , Munawar Sabahat , Rajendran Divya , Isogai Tadamoto , Dean Kevin M , Medalia Ohad , Danuser Gaudenz
Published: May 2023

Keratin intermediate filaments form strong mechanical scaffolds that confer structural stability to epithelial tissues, but the reason this function requires a protein family with 54 isoforms is not understood. During skin wound healing, a shift in keratin isoform expression alters the composition of keratin filaments. How this change modulates cellular function to support epidermal remodeling remains unclear. We report an unexpected effect of keratin isoform variation on kinase signal transduction. Increased expression of wound-associated keratin 6A, but not of steady-state keratin 5, potentiated keratinocyte migration and wound closure without compromising epidermal stability by activating myosin motors. This pathway depended on isoform-specific interaction between intrinsically disordered keratin head domains and non-filamentous vimentin shuttling myosin-activating kinases. These results substantially expand the functional repertoire of intermediate filaments from their canonical role as mechanical scaffolds to include roles as isoform-tuned signaling scaffolds that organize signal transduction cascades in space and time to influence epithelial cell state.
Submitochondrial Protein Translocation Upon Stress Inhibits Thermogenic Energy Expenditure
Authors: Haczeyni Fahrettin , Steensels Sandra , Stein Benjamin D. , Jordan James M. , Li Le , Dartigue Vincent , Sarklioglu Selenay S. , Qiao Jixuan , Zhou Xi K. , Dannenberg Andrew J. , Iyengar Neil M. , Yu Haiyuan , Cantley Lewis C. , Ersoy Baran A.
Published: May 2023

Mitochondria-rich brown adipocytes dissipate cellular fuel as heat by thermogenic energy expenditure (TEE). Prolonged nutrient excess or cold exposure impair TEE and contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we report that stress-induced proton leak into the matrix interface of mitochondrial innermembrane (IM) mobilizes a group of proteins from IM into matrix, which in turn alter mitochondrial bioenergetics. We further determine a smaller subset that correlates with obesity in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. We go on to show that the top factor on this short list, acyl-CoA thioesterase 9 (ACOT9), migrates from the IM into the matrix upon stress where it enzymatically deactivates and prevents the utilization of acetyl-CoA in TEE. The loss of ACOT9 protects mice against the complications of obesity by maintaining unobstructed TEE. Overall, our results introduce aberrant protein translocation as a strategy to identify pathogenic factors.

One-Sentence Summary

Thermogenic stress impairs mitochondrial energy utilization by forcing translocation of IM-bound proteins into the matrix.
Targeted rRNA depletion enables efficient mRNA sequencing in diverse bacterial species and complex co-cultures
Authors: Heom Kellie A. , Wangsanuwat Chatarin , Butkovich Lazarina V. , Tam Scott C. , Rowe Annette R. , O’Malley Michelle A. , Dey Siddharth S.
Published: May 2023

Bacterial mRNA sequencing is inefficient due to the abundance of ribosomal RNA that is challenging to deplete. While commercial kits target rRNA from common bacterial species, they are frequently inefficient when applied to divergent species, including those from environmental isolates. Similarly, other methods typically employ large probe sets that tile the entire length of rRNAs; however, such approaches are infeasible when applied to many species. Therefore, we present EMBR-seq+, which requires fewer than ten oligonucleotides per rRNA by combining rRNA blocking primers with RNase H-mediated depletion to achieve rRNA removal efficiencies of up to 99% in diverse bacterial species. Further, in more complex microbial co-cultures betweenF. succinogenesstrain UWB7 and anerobic fungi, EMBR-seq+ depleted both bacterial and fungal rRNA, with a 4-fold improvement in bacterial rRNA depletion compared to a commercial kit, thereby demonstrating that the method can be applied to non-model microbial mixtures. Notably, for microbes with unknown rRNA sequences, EMBR-seq+ enables rapid iterations in probe design without requiring to start experiments from total RNA. Finally, efficient depletion of rRNA enabled systematic quantification of the reprogramming of the bacterial transcriptome when cultured in the presence of the anerobic fungiAnaeromyces robustusorCaecomyces churrovis.We observed thatF. succinogenesstrain UWB7 downregulated several lignocellulose-degrading carbohydrate-active enzymes in the presence of anerobic gut fungi, suggesting close interactions between two cellulolytic species that specialize in different aspects of biomass breakdown. Thus, EMBR-seq+ enables efficient, cost-effective and rapid quantification of the transcriptome to gain insights into non-model microbial systems.
PLGA-based dual-loaded nanoformulation of DIM and TMZ - An advanced clinical strategy for brain cancer treatment in a combinatorial approach
Authors: Sarkar Sibani , Kumar Sunny , Saha Gouranga , Basu Malini , Ghosh Mrinal K.
Published: May 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of primary brain tumor in adults, which unfortunately has an abysmal prognosis and poor survival rates. Even though several FDA-approved multimodal treatments for targeting GBM are available, the effectiveness in most patients are not satisfactory. The reason behind this poor success rate is mainly attributed to insufficient drug distribution to the tumor site across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and induction of resistance for single-drug based therapies. Chemotherapy with Temozolomide (TMZ) having a median overall survival of around 12-15 months, envisages the urgent necessity for more effective treatment strategies. Based upon these facts, in this study, we have developed a novel approach for repurposing TMZ along with inhibition of EGFR, which overexpressed in GBM, to achieve our goal. PLGA-based nanoencapsulation of both TMZ and 3,3’-diindoyl methane (DIM), an EGFR inhibitor, in a combinatorial approach enhances the delivery of them together. Their synergistic mode of actions, significantly enhances the cytotoxic effect of TMZin vitroandin vivo. Moreover, the dual-loaded nanoformulation works more efficiently than their individually packed nanoparticles on DNA damage and apoptosis, resulting in a several-fold reduction in tumor burden, systemic drug toxicity, and increased survival. These findings suggest the preclinical potential of this new treatment strategy.
Structural and functional characterization of the NF-κB-targeting toxin AIP56 fromPhotobacterium damselaesubsp.piscicidareveals a novel mechanism for membrane interaction and translocation
Authors: Lisboa Johnny , Pereira Cassilda , Pinto Rute D. , Rodrigues Inês S. , Pereira Liliana M. G. , Pinheiro Bruno , Oliveira Pedro , Pereira Pedro J. B. , Azevedo Jorge E. , Durand Dominique , Benz Roland , Vale Ana do , Santos Nuno M. S. dos
Published: May 2023

Bacterial AB toxins are secreted virulence factors that are internalized by target cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, translocating their enzymatic domain to the cytosol from endosomes (short-trip) or the endoplasmic reticulum (long-trip). To accomplish this, they evolved a multidomain structure organized into either a single polypeptide chain or non-covalently associated polypeptide chains. The prototypical short-trip single-chain toxin is characterized by a receptor-binding domain that confers cellular specificity and a translocation domain responsible for pore formation whereby the catalytic domain translocates to the cytosol in an endosomal acidification-dependent way.

In this work, the resolution of the three-dimensional structure of AIP56 showed that instead of a two-domain organization, as previously predicted, AIP56 has a three-domain organization, with a NleC-like catalytic domain associated with a small middle domain that contains the linker-peptide, followed by the receptor-binding domain. In contrast to prototypical single-chain AB toxins, AIP56 does not comprise a typical structurally complex translocation domain; instead, the elements involved in translocation are scattered across its domains. Thus, the catalytic domain contains a helical hairpin that serves as a molecular switch for triggering the conformational changes necessary for membrane insertion only with endosomal acidification, whereas the middle and receptor-binding domains are required for pore formation. Considering the increasing number of putative AIP56 homologous toxins in databases, the data presented here have implications far beyond the AIP56 intoxication process and the virulence ofPhdp.
Crystal structure of MbnF: an NADPH-dependent flavin monooxygenase from Methylocystis strain SB2
Authors: Stewart Andrew , Dershwitz Philip , Stewart Charles , Sawaya Michael R. , Yeates Todd O. , Semrau Jeremy D. , Zischka Hans , DiSpirito Alan A. , Bobik Thomas A.
Published: May 2023

Methanobactins (MBs) are ribosomally produced and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) that are used by methanotrophs for copper acquisition. The signature post-translational modification of MBs is the formation of two heterocyclic groups, either an oxazolone, pyrazinedione or imidazolone group, with an associated thioamide from an X-Cys dipeptide. The precursor peptide (MbnA) for MB formation is found in a gene cluster of MB-associated genes. The exact biosynthetic pathway of MB formation is not yet fully understood, and there are still uncharacterized proteins in some MB gene clusters, particularly those that produce pyrazinedione or imidazolone rings. One such protein is MbnF, which is proposed to be a flavin monooxygenase (FMO) based on homology. To help to elucidate its possible function, MbnF from Methylocystis sp. strain SB2 was recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli and its X-ray crystal structure was resolved to 2.6 Å resolution. Based on its structural features, MbnF appears to be a type A FMO, most of which catalyze hydroxylation reactions. Preliminary functional characterization shows that MbnF preferentially oxidizes NADPH over NADH, supporting NAD(P)H-mediated flavin reduction, which is the initial step in the reaction cycle of several type A FMO enzymes. It is also shown that MbnF binds the precursor peptide for MB, with subsequent loss of the leader peptide sequence as well as the last three C-terminal amino acids, suggesting that MbnF might be needed for this process to occur. Finally, molecular-dynamics simulations revealed a channel in MbnF that is capable of accommodating the core MbnA fragment minus the three C-terminal amino acids.
Linking learning goal orientation to learning from error: the mediating role of motivation to learn and metacognition
Authors: Lauzier Martin , Bilodeau Clarke Annabelle
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Errors are increasingly recognized as beneficial to the learning process and are more frequently integrated into training curriculums. Despite this growing interest, the work carried out so far offers little evidence highlighting the psychological qualities implicit in learning from error. By focussing on the role of specific trainee’s attributes [i.e. learning goal orientation (LGO) motivation to learn and metacognition], this study aims to better understand the reasons why some trainees benefit more (than others) from being confronted with errors during training.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 142 trainees took part in this study by participating in a training on interviewing techniques that also exposed them to various committable errors, and by completing questionnaires at two different times (i.e. before and after training).

Findings

Results of bootstrap regression analysis highlights three main findings: LGO is positively linked to learning from errors; a significant portion of the link between LGO and learning from error is explained by motivation to learn and metacognition; and these effects are presented in the form of a double-mediated model which suggests two different explanatory pathways (i.e. motivational and cognitive).

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to offer insight on the psychological attributes influencing learning from errors and to bring forward the role of two underlying mechanism that are linked to this specific type of learning. It also invites researchers and practitioners to reflect on the best ways to make use of errors in training and promote the value of personal attributes on trainees’ learning experience.
The transition from traditional to digital: factors that propel Generation Z’s adoption of online learning
Authors: Bagdi Himanshu , Bulsara Hemantkumar P. , Sankar Deepthi , Sharma Latika
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to identify factors affecting Generation Z (Gen-Z)’s online learning (OL) behavioural intention (BI) using the extended technology acceptance model by investigating gender differences in the BI of Indian students to adopt OL.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed model was tested on 284 students from a higher education institution (HEI) in Gujarat, India, using the partial least square–structural equation modelling. Further, the subgroup analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine male and female OL adoption variances.

Findings

Based on the research findings, all the constructs positively influence the BI of Gen-Z to adopt OL, except the influence of information technology infrastructure (INF) on perceived usefulness (PU). However, no substantial difference was observed in the BI adoption of OL amongst males and females. Also, when gender was kept as a moderator between computer self-efficacy (CSE) and PU, and INF and perceived ease of use (PEU), no substantial difference was observed in the OL of Gen-Z.

Research limitations/implications

The study will benefit HEIs and associated government departments from a deeper understanding of Gen-Z’s BI to speed up deployment and consider key elements essential while considering OL.

Originality/value

This article found major determinants of Gen-Z’s BI to adopt the OL in HEI. To the best of the author’s understanding, this is amongst the few studies to explore these ideas in the context of India. The uniqueness of the topic has been brought to light by the fact that “gender” has been employed as a moderator between attitude and BI, INF and PEU, and CSE and PU.
Fatal rupture of hepatic adenomatosis: Autopsy case and review of the literature
Authors: Ben Abderrahim Sarra , Chérif Khouloud , Nfikha Zeineb , Gharsallaoui Sarra , El Aini Imen , Jedidi Maher , Mokni Moncef , Ben Dhiab Mohamed
Published: May 2023

Hepatic adenomatosis is a rare disease consisting of multiple adenomas in otherwise‐normal liver parenchyma. Though the discovery of this entity goes back several years, its diagnosis is still challenging in terms of its definition and pathophysiology. Clinically, patients may be completely asymptomatic and the diagnosis is only made incidentally through imaging tests. The discovery could be made when complications occur such as intraperitoneal hemorrhage with hypovolemic shock due to the rupture of an adenoma. We report a fatal case of a ruptured adenoma in a case of hepatic adenomatosis discovered at autopsy. In order to achieve a better view of this disease, we conducted a literature review on this subject describing the pathogenesis, manifestations, and autopsy contribution to addressing this entity.
Damage accrual in Behçet disease: Behçet's Syndrome Overall Damage Index (BODI) versus Behçet's Disease Damage Index (BDI)
Authors: Hassan Rofaida A. , Abdelhady Enas I. , Rabie Mona , Kamal Doaa E.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

To assess the validity of Behçet's Syndrome Overall Damage Index (BODI) and Behçet's Disease Damage Index (BDI) as tools for the detection of damage accrual in Behçet's patients compared to Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI). Also, to evaluate the correlation and the interclass correlation among the 3 indices to find out their consistency.

Method

A prospective cohort study was carried out on 102 adult Behçet's disease (BD) patients who were diagnosed according to the International Study Group criteria for BD. Disease severity and organ damage were assessed for each patient by VDI, BDI and BODI at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up visits. Damage accrual for each index was defined when there was an increase of at least 1 point (∆ ≥ 1) among the baseline and the follow‐up visits.

Results

Correlations among the 3 indices were significant, with (r = 0.835, P < 0.001) between VDI and BODI, (r = 0.835, P < 0.001) between VDI and BDI, and (r = 0.844, P < 0.001) between BODI and BDI scores. A highly significant positive correlation existed between the 3 indices and age and disease duration. In contrast, the correlation with the BD Current Activity Form was non‐significant, which indicates good discriminative validity of the 3 indices. Neuropsychiatric and ocular systems showed a strong interclass correlation among the 3 indices. Regarding detecting damage accrual, BDI was more sensitive than BODI and showed more agreement with VDI.

Conclusion

BD damage indices, VDI, BODI and BDI, had good convergent and discriminative validity for the assessment of BD damage. BDI had more sensitivity than BODI to the detection of damage accrual.
Maternal near miss at Kathmandu Medical College: An analysis of severe maternal morbidity at a Nepalese tertiary care facility
Authors: Manandhar Rosina , Adhikari Ashmita , Manandhar Naresh , Jayaratnam Skandarupan
Published: May 2023

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) ‘near miss’ tool has been extensively used to audit maternal morbidity in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Analysis of the cases of ‘near miss’ enables a better understanding of the associated factors, identifies deficiencies in the provision of maternity services and lays a foundation for better preventive measures in the future.

Aims

To understand the epidemiology, aetiology and determine the aspects of preventability of maternal ‘near miss’ (MNM) at Kathmandu Medical College.

Materials and Methods

A prospective audit of MNM and maternal deaths (MD) was undertaken at Kathmandu Medical College over a period of 12 months. The cases were identified using WHO ‘near miss’ criteria and areas of preventability in the provision of care determined using the modified Geller's criteria.

Results

The total number of deliveries and live births in the study period were 2747 and 2698 respectively. A total of 34 ‘near misses’ and two MDs were identified. The common direct aetiologies of MNM and MDs identified were obstetric haemorrhage followed by hypertensive disorders with one‐third of cases being of indirect aetiology. Fifty‐five percent of cases had some aspects of provider‐ or system‐related preventability with the leading delays being lack of diagnosis and recognition of high‐risk status among patients and lack of interdepartmental communication.

Conclusion

The WHO near miss rate at Kathmandu Medical College was 12.5/100 live births. Significant aspects of preventability, especially at the level of the provider, were noted among cases of MNM and MDs.
Institutional support for new work roles: The case of care coordinators in the United States and England
Authors: Krachler Nick
Published: May 2023

Drawing on comparative employment relations literature, this article explores how employment relations (ER) institutions support the ‘care coordinator’, a new role tasked with aiding the exchange of information between health and social services in the United States and the UK. Findings show that in both countries, multi‐employer collective bargaining facilitated this role by providing good working conditions and a stable work environment; additionally, the new role performed better in England due to the broader scope of bargaining and supportive management practices. The article advances a comparative institutional perspective on the creation of new tasks focused on sub‐national (sectoral and regional) ER.
Advances and applications of fluids biomarkers in diagnosis and therapeutic targets of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Xu Yanan , Jiang Hailun , Zhu Bin , Cao Mingnan , Feng Tao , Sun Zhongshi , Du Guanhua , Zhao Zhigang
Published: May 2023

Aims

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with challenging early diagnosis and effective treatments due to its complex pathogenesis. AD patients are often diagnosed after the appearance of the typical symptoms, thereby delaying the best opportunity for effective measures. Biomarkers could be the key to resolving the challenge. This review aims to provide an overview of application and potential value of AD biomarkers in fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and saliva, in diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

A comprehensive search of the relevant literature was conducted to summarize potential biomarkers for AD in fluids. The paper further explored the biomarkers' utility in disease diagnosis and drug target development.

Results

Research on biomarkers mainly focused on amyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques, Tau protein abnormal phosphorylation, axon damage, synaptic dysfunction, inflammation, and related hypotheses associated with AD mechanisms. Aβ42, total Tau (t‐Tau), and phosphorylated Tau (p‐Tau), have been endorsed for their diagnostic and predictive capability. However, other biomarkers remain controversial. Drugs targeting Aβ have shown some efficacy and those that target BACE1 and Tau are still undergoing development.

Conclusion

Fluid biomarkers hold considerable potential in the diagnosis and drug development of AD. However, improvements in sensitivity and specificity, and approaches for managing sample impurities, need to be addressed for better diagnosis.
Progress developing the concept of other effective area‐based conservation measures
Authors: Cook Carly N.
Published: May 2023

In 2010, the introduction of other effective area‐based conservation measures (OECMs) into international policy caused a paradigm shift in area‐based conservation, which included consideration of areas outside formal protected areas and places where biodiversity conservation may not be a management objective for the site. Despite the importance of this shift for global conservation, conservation science and policy have been slow to engage with the concept of OECMs. As the world moves toward protecting 30% of the Earth by 2030, it is imperative to develop evidence‐based guidance for how to identify effective conservation measures, especially tools to help evaluate and monitor the biodiversity outcomes associated with potential OECMs. To understand the current progress in developing the concept of OECMs, I evaluated the peer‐reviewed literature to consolidate and synthesize current knowledge. I conducted a thematic analysis of papers to identify the types of challenges and opportunities being discussed and lessons from studies evaluating the effectiveness of OECMs. Only 105 studies mentioned OECMs, and those that did rarely move beyond superficial mention of OECMs as part of area‐based conservation. Around one‐half of studies listed potential risks or benefits of OECMs but none provided evidence these issues have materialized. Twenty‐three studies attempted to identify potential OECMs, although specific case studies were rare. The 7 studies that evaluated existing OECMs were highly critical of how they had been implemented to date. Studies that evaluated conservation outcomes were extremely rare, and suggested effectiveness must be judged on a case‐by‐case basis. The current literature not only leaves many gaps in the science required to operationalize the concept of OECMs, but also often raises additional questions that need to be addressed. If these gaps are not filled by robust science, the promised benefits for biodiversity from OECMs may never be realized.
Hidden demographic impacts of fishing and environmental drivers of fecundity in a sea turtle population
Authors: Roast Michael J. , Martins Samir , Fernández‐Peralta Lourdes , Báez José Carlos , Diame Ahmed , March David , Ouled‐Cheikh Jazel , Marco Adolfo , González‐Solís Jacob , Cardona Luis
Published: May 2023

Fisheries bycatch is a critical threat to sea turtle populations worldwide, particularly because turtles are vulnerable to multiple gear types. The Canary Current is an intensely fished region, yet there has been no demographic assessment integrating bycatch and population management information of the globally significant Cabo Verde loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) population. Using Boa Vista island (Eastern Cabo Verde) subpopulation data from capture–recapture and nest monitoring (2013–2019), we evaluated population viability and estimated regional bycatch rates (2016–2020) in longline, trawl, purse‐seine, and artisanal fisheries. We further evaluated current nesting trends in the context of bycatch estimates, existing hatchery conservation measures, and environmental (net primary productivity) variability in turtle foraging grounds. We projected that current bycatch mortality rates would lead to the near extinction of the Boa Vista subpopulation. Bycatch reduction in longline fisheries and all fisheries combined would increase finite population growth rate by 1.76% and 1.95%, respectively. Hatchery conservation increased hatchling production and reduced extinction risk, but alone it could not achieve population growth. Short‐term increases in nest counts (2013–2021), putatively driven by temporary increases in net primary productivity, may be masking ongoing long‐term population declines. When fecundity was linked to net primary productivity, our hindcast models simultaneously predicted these opposing long‐term and short‐term trends. Consequently, our results showed conservation management must diversify from land‐based management. The masking effect we found has broad‐reaching implications for monitoring sea turtle populations worldwide, demonstrating the importance of directly estimating adult survival and that nest counts might inadequately reflect underlying population trends.
Navigating plurilingual learning: An inclusive education approach
Authors: Smythe Fiona
Published: May 2023

Language experiences and linguistic knowledge of teenage migrants can be valuable resources for their continued language learning. Yet, home languages and existing plurilingual skills are often framed as obstacles to learning that tag young migrants as at risk of school failure in the context of monolingual education systems. This article draws on a comparative education study carried out in Aotearoa New Zealand and France in 2017–2019, observing young migrants' use of their languages in classroom learning. A total of 42 secondary students from a mix of asylum‐seeker, refugee, and migrant backgrounds participated, originating from 22 different countries and speaking 24 different languages. All of the students were in their first year of schooling in New Zealand or France at the time of the study. Findings draw on observations of how students made use of their existing knowledge of languages to (1) access learning in the language‐of‐schooling, (2) learn interactively through their home languages, and (3) navigate unfamiliar styles of teaching and learning, thus engaging with the unknown and developing behaviours for successful learning. Patterns across the cohort show that young migrants are adept at drawing on their existing language resources in learning. This suggests a re‐framing ofsuccess at schoolas not only outcomes, but also as defined by effective learning processes that young migrants put in place. As a result, this study suggests ways that teachers can work inclusively with young migrants through their languages, to support processes of learning that could lead to better educational outcomes.
Inclusion of all in the neighbourhood school and student well‐being in Senegal from the perspective of a practicing pedagogue
Authors: Sene Saliou
Published: May 2023

The education system in Senegal has become more democratic and has adopted international policies for inclusive education after decades of normative and selective practices. Advances are being made for recognising individual student needs in school facilities, pedagogy and teaching practices. This article draws on the first‐hand knowledge of the context in Senegal by a current inspector and prior teacher in inclusive practices in Senegal, as well as a purposive review of relevant studies and reports. Current needs for development are identified and discussed, including the structuring of physical settings adapted to special needs learning, interaction with families, as well as communication about disabilities in local communities to reduce social stigma. Building on a review of the current context and needs, the article underscores that it is necessary to move away from superficial symptom identification. Instead, what is needed are changes in teaching and learning practices, as well as in socio‐cultural and physical learning environments, to accommodate special needs students. Finally, necessary rethinking of the professional development of teaching staff in Senegal is called for. The inspiration for this development is closely tied to pedagogical responsibility, ethically based care, and the desire teachers have for succeeding in didactic action.
Prevalence and risk factors for intimate partner violence and indigenous women: A scoping review
Authors: Raponi Maria Beatriz Guimarães , Condeles Paulo César , Azevedo Nayara Freitas , Ruiz Mariana Torreglosa
Published: May 2023

Aim

This study aims to map intimate partner violence evidence among indigenous women and explore the prevalence, social and systemic factors contributing to this occurrence.

Methods

This is a scoping review following the steps recommended by the JBI. We searched the MEDLINE/PubMed®, Web of Science™, Embase, CINAHL and LILACS databases on March 2023. Studies that addressed the intimate partner violence topic among indigenous women and risk factors, without time and language limitations, were included. Detailed information was extracted, standardized by JBI.

Results

Twenty studies of different designs were included, all published in English, between 2004 and 2022. A high intimate partner violence prevalence among indigenous women was identified, associated with a great diversity of risk factors.

Conclusion

The great diversity of identified factors associated with its occurrence shows the complexity of this problem and the vulnerability of indigenous women.
Dimensions of controversy: Investigating the structure of public support for universal basic income in the Netherlands
Authors: Gielens Erwin , Roosma Femke , Achterberg Peter
Published: May 2023

As interest in universal basic income (UBI) policy has peaked in recent years, the study of public support for such a policy is rapidly developing. While recent studies recognise the multidimensionality of the UBI proposal, we still know little about to what extent support for UBI is unambiguously supported or rejected. We show that the public holds distinct but related opinions towards three dimensions of UBI: universalism, redistribution and unconditionality. The higher and lower educated are equally ambivalent towards the policy, suggesting a lack of political entrenchment towards UBI in Dutch society. Post hoc comparisons show that key demographics and constituencies support some dimensions while rejecting others, enabling both compromise and division on the issue. Despite these distinct controversies, however, the strong correlation between attitudinal dimensions suggests that survey experiments tend to overstate the degree of multidimensionality by ignoring the strong commonalities in support for policy aspects.
Li0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9: An alkali‐metal bismuth layer structured ferroelectric with high TC and small orthorhombic distortion
Authors: Hao Yanshuang , Li Yiguan , Zhou Zhiyong , Liang Ruihong , Mei Kaili , Zhou Zhengyang , Wang Genshui
Published: May 2023

Bismuth layer structured ferroelectrics (BLSFs) have drawn much attention due to their great potential for high‐temperature applications. It is generally accepted that BLSFs with small orthorhombic distortion should have low TC. In this paper, we report an anomalous example Li0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 (LBN), which has small orthorhombic distortion but very high TC. LBN shows the highest TC (834°C) among currently reported prototype alkali‐metal BLSFs, which is attributed to its small tolerance factor. However, the refinement result reveals that LBN is orthorhombic with the space group of A21am, and the orthorhombic distortion of LBN a/b is merely 1.0019. The measurement of piezoelectric coefficient (d33 ∼ 6 pC/N) and observation of striped domain structure confirm the ferroelectricity nature of LBN. This work deepens our understanding of BLSFs and may lead to the finding of more novel BLSFs with high performance.