bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing Client Agency in Psychotherapy Research
Authors: Mackrill Thomas
Published: June 2008

Certain researchers lay claim to focusing on client agency and offer examples of client agency in their work. However, research that focuses on client agency does so in very different ways. In the psychotherapy research literature, there are few reflections about the various ways in which client agency is constructed. This article offers such reflections. First, an existential definition of agency is introduced. Then, two general models that grasp aspects of agency are presented. Differences between them are highlighted. A new model is then presented that identifies six ways in which psychotherapy research constructs client agency. Central examples from the research literature are presented to describe the new model.
The Hieroglyph of the `Party': Contextualising the Agent—Structure Debate through the Works of Trotsky, C. L. R. James and Althusser
Authors: Shilliam Robbie
Published: June 2008

Questions about the agency of the Communist Party — especially its failure to effect and support radical social transformations — formed one crucial aspect of the socio-political context in which the agent—structure debate was rejoined by social scientists in the 1960s and 70s. Moreover, the Party had long existed as a hieroglyph for Marxist thought. And deciphering the historical importance of the Party in processes of world development required the theorisation of an inter-societal dimension to the agent—structure problem. I contend that using an Ideas in Context approach to the agent—structure debate in order to consider this pre-existing Marxist literature on the agency of the Party illuminates issues obscured in the progress of the debate in IR. To this effect I examine the seminal writings of Trotsky, C. L. R. James and Althusser in order to reveal how the debate, imported into IR in the late 1980s, was already framed by the problem of analytically and ethically coming to terms with the inter-societal dimension of socio-political transformation, especially when this dimension pushed to the fore the generative nature of inter-societal alterity manifested in the condition of — and `advantage' of — comparative backwardness. Crucially, the attempts made to decipher the hieroglyph of the Party are instructive in that they reveal foundational challenges for the intellectual production of knowledge of inter-societal alterity and its centrality to issues of continuity and change, the identification of structural constraints and sources of transformative agency.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Pegfilgrastim in Subjects With Various Degrees of Renal Function
Authors: Yang Bing‐Bing , Kido Anna , Salfi Margaret , Swan Suzanne , Sullivan John T.
Published: June 2008

A phase I study was conducted to evaluate the effects of renal function on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (absolute neutrophil count [ANC]) of pegfilgrastim in nonneutropenic subjects. Thirty subjects categorized into 5 renal function groups (normal, mildly impaired, moderately impaired, severely impaired, and end‐stage renal disease) received 1 subcutaneous injection of pegfilgrastim at 6 mg. The ANC profiles after pegfilgrastim administration were similar across different renal function groups. No discernable correlation between pharmacokinetic parameter values and degree of renal impairment was observed; the mean values ranged from 147 to 201 ng/mL for Cmax and from 7469 to 8513 ng×h/mL for AUC. Results suggest that the kidney has no important role in the elimination of pegfilgrastim. Therefore, no dosage adjustment for renal impairment is indicated for pegfilgrastim.
Changing the priming solution from Ringer’s to Hartmann’s solution is associated with less metabolic acidosis during cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Alston RP , Theodosiou C , Sanger K
Published: June 2008

Background and objective: Previously, it was noted that changing the solutions used for priming and intravascular volume replacement from Hartmann’s to Ringer’s resulted in a more profound metabolic acidosis developing during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changing the solutions back to Hartmann’s on metabolic acidosis that develops during CPB in patients undergoing heart surgery. Methods: Two groups of patients were studied sequentially: the first received Ringer’s (n = 63) and the second Hartmann’s solution (n = 66). Arterial blood samples were taken before induction of anaesthesia and towards the end of CPB. Samples were analysed in a blood gas analyser. Results: Hydrogen ion concentration increased from 38 (4) to 41 (7) mm/L in the Ringer’s group, but decreased from 38 (5) to 36 (6) mmol L-1 in the Hartmann’s group. Changes in PaCO2 (0.77, p < 0.001) and volume of fluid administered (r = 0.23, p < 0.01) were significant univariate correlates of change in hydrogen ion concentration, but haemoglobin concentration was not (r < 0.01, p = 0.97). Analysis of variance for repeated measures found significant between subject effects on the change in hydrogen ion concentration during CPB caused by the choice of intravascular solution used (p < 0.001) and PaCO2 (p = 0.001), but not as a result of the volume of solution administered (p > 0.10). Conclusions: Changing the solutions used for priming and intravascular volume replacement from Ringer’s to Hartmann’s was associated with a reduction in metabolic acidosis that developed during CPB.
Insensible water loss from the Jostra Quadrox D oxygenator: an in vitro study
Authors: Lawson DS , Holt D
Published: June 2008

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been shown to improve outcomes in neonatal patients with respiratory and/or cardiac failure. Insensible water loss is defined as water loss via evaporation from the skin and respiration. Fluid and electrolyte balance are a primary concern and very challenging in the neonatal patient population. Hypernatremia can result from untreated insensible water loss, leading to possible cerebral complications. A new type of fiber used in the Jostra Quadrox D oxygenator has recently been approved for use in the United States of America. This oxygenator uses a polymethylpentene closed hollow-fiber technology and has been approved for six hours of continuous use by the Federal Drug Administration. The closed hollow-fiber technology may be advantageous for extended use due to the fact that it is a true membrane and plasma leakage will not occur across its surface. The Jostra Quadrox D is an adult-sized oxygenator with a surface area of 1.8 M2. The aim of this study is to discover what the insensible water loss will be from the Jostra Quadrox D when used at blood flows which would mimic those used for a neonatal ECMO patient. The median insensible water loss from the Quadrox D oxygenator at a gas flow rate of two liters per minute(LPM) was 4.0 ± 0.2 ml/hour, at five LPM was 9.8 ± 0.4 ml/hour and at 10 LPM was 20.6 ± 0.7 ml/hour. The daily evaporative water loss from the Jostra Quadrox D can be estimated to be 48.0 ± 2.1 ml for each LPM of sweep gas with a normal saline pump flow rate of 500 ml/min.
Effect of Elastic Foundation on the Dynamic Response of Laminated Composite Beams to Moving Loads
Authors: Kiral Binnur Goren , Kiral Zeki
Published: June 2008

The aim of this study is to present the dynamic behavior of a symmetric laminated composite beam with localized elastic supports. The dynamic response of a clamped—clamped composite beam to a moving point load with constant velocity is calculated by using the finite element method. A three-dimensional finite element model based on the classical lamination theory is used in order to define the structural stiffness. The Newmark integration method that is widely used in structural dynamics is employed in order to calculate the dynamic response of the beam. The finite element vibration analyses are performed by a computer program written in MATLAB. The dynamic magnification, which is defined as the ratio between the dynamic and the static displacements, is obtained for different load velocities, ply orientations, and spring locations. The effect of the spring number in the elastic foundation on the dynamic magnification is also investigated. The results reported in this article show that load velocity, ply orientation, and the location of the elastic support have significant effect on the dynamic response, especially for [45/-45] s and [90]2s lay-ups.
Influence of Barium Titanate Nanopowder on the Thermo-Mechanical, Damping and Vibration Characteristics of Epoxy Laminates
Authors: Chandradass J. , Dong Sik Bae
Published: June 2008

This article presents the experimental study of thermomechancial, free vibration, and damping characteristics by reinforcing barium titanate nanopowder (0, 1, 3 and 5 wt%) in the epoxy matrix using the resin casting method. Theoretical study is also carried out to study the vibration characteristics of barium titanate/epoxy nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows an increase in the storage modulus and glass transition temperature with a maximum value of 6400 MPa and 154°C for 3 wt% barium titanate nanopowder in epoxy polymer matrix. Dynamic results show that the second phase barium titanate nanopowder dispersion in the epoxy matrix enhances the internal damping of laminates up to 3 wt%.
Schooling, Peer Relations, and Family Life of Russian Adolescents
Authors: Holloway Susan D. , Mirny Anna I. , Bempechat Janine , Jin Li
Published: June 2008

In the Russian Federation, a growing emphasis on individualism and a profusion of educational options create challenges and opportunities for adolescents making the transition to secondary school. To investigate Russian students' perspectives during this important developmental period, we conducted two openended interviews with 32 ninth graders and obtained achievement data from their teachers. Most students reported having autonomy regarding their current academic schoolwork but receiving assistance from their parents with regard to choices about their educational future. High-achieving students were more likely than low-achieving students to report that their parents set limits on their peer activities. The findings suggest that the nature and effectiveness of parental involvement must be evaluated with respect to a particular developmental period and sociocultural context.
Effects of Culture and Training on Perceptual Learning Style and Spatial Task Performance in Apparel Design
Authors: Khoza Lombuso S. , Workman Jane E.
Published: June 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of culture and training on preferred perceptual learning style and performance of spatial tasks in apparel design. Participants were 88 U.S. and 97 Swazi university students enrolled in apparel design courses. To measure performance on spatial tasks, the Apparel Spatial Visualization Test (ASVT) was used. Preferred perceptual learning styles were measured by the Perceptual Modality Preference Survey. Spatial task performance was affected by training and culture of participants. U.S. students (compared with Swazi students) and students in upper-level apparel design courses (compared with lower-level) scored higher on the ASVT. Preferred perceptual learning style was affected by culture but not by training. Swazi students had a greater preference for the Print modality than U.S. students who indicated a greater preference for the Haptic and Visual modalities.
What's Happening in China's Textile and Clothing Industries?
Authors: Shen Dong
Published: June 2008

This study examines major changes in China's textile and clothing industries, studies their reactions to quota elimination, and explores the current status of China's textile and clothing industries, and to bring enhanced understanding to Western countries. Fourteen in-depth interviews were conducted at the end of 2005 and beginning of 2006 in China. Four themes were found. China's textile and clothing industries have transitioned from a planned economic system to a market economic system. The major textile and clothing production and trading centers nowadays are located along the East Coast of China. Different formats of textile and clothing enterprises have gone through different transitional processes. Most of these companies today face three challenges: the instability of the trading environment, changing currency exchange rates, and an increasing energy price. New strategies have been developed, such as focusing on quality rather than quantity, developing Chinese brands, and moving facilities to other countries to avoid safeguards and restraints and to get even cheaper labor. Contributions and limitations are discussed as well.
Providing Support to IPV Victims in the Emergency Department
Authors: Watt Melissa H. , Bobrow Emily A. , Moracco Kathryn E. (Beth)
Published: June 2008

The authors compare perspectives of intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors and emergency department (ED) nurses on types of social support IPV victims need at different stages of readiness to disclose and leave a relationship. Qualitative interviews (16 IPV survivors, 10 ED nurses) center on women's responses to vignettes that illustrate different stages of readiness. Survivors mention fear as a barrier for action, whereas nurses are more likely to say that the woman is in denial. Survivors emphasize emotional support and respect, whereas nurses emphasize informational and instrumental support. IPV victims desire appropriate, respectful responses by nurses, suitable to their stage of readiness. Nurses need more insight into women's decisions to disclose and leave a relationship and skills to provide emotional support.
“The World’s Most Perfectly Developed Man”
Authors: Reich Jacqueline
Published: June 2008

The major wave of Italian immigration between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries coincided with the growth of the physical culture movement in the United States. A principal participant in both phenomena was the Italian male, with a particularly fascinating case being that of the bodybuilder and fitness guru Charles Atlas. Born Angelo Siciliano in Calabria, Italy, Atlas provides an interesting window into how the Southern immigrant became American and how that Americanization was written on the muscled, male body. This article examines how Siciliano/Atlas transformed himself into the world’s most perfect white man at a time when Italians’ whiteness was contested and how not only bodybuilding but also the textual discourses surrounding it, including the fitness plan itself and the male physique photography that accompanied it, played essential roles in that metamorphosis.
Neutrophil secondary necrosis is induced by LL-37 derived from cathelicidin
Authors: Zhang Zhifang , Cherryholmes Gregory , Shively John E
Published: June 2008

Neutrophils represent the most common granulocyte subtype present in blood. The short half-life of circulating neutrophils is regulated by spontaneous apoptosis, and tissue infiltrating neutrophils die by apoptosis and secondary necrosis. The mechanism of neutrophil apoptosis has been the subject of many studies; however, the mechanism of neutrophil secondary necrosis is less clear. Human cathelicidin cationic peptide 18, proteolytically processed to its active form, LL-37, is secreted by neutrophils and epithelial cells and shown to have effects in addition to bacterial lysis. We demonstrate here that LL-37 affects neutrophil lifespan by the pathway of secondary necrosis, rapidly converting annexin V-positive (AV+), propidium iodide-negative (PI−; apoptotic) cells into PI+ (necrotic) cells with the release of IL-8, IL-1R antagonist, ATP, and intact granules. The effects of LL-37 on apoptotic neutrophils are neither energy-dependent nor affected by pretreatment with G-CSF, GM-CSF, TNF-α, and LPS and are partially inhibited by human serum. Moreover, LL-37 decreases CXCR2 expression of AV−PI− (live) neutrophils, suggesting an effect on the neutrophil response to its chemotactic factors, including IL-8. Thus, the lifespan and inflammatory functions of neutrophils are directly affected by LL-37.
Incentives for Quality Through Endogenous Routing
Authors: Lu Lauren Xiaoyuan , Van Mieghem Jan A. , Savaskan R. Canan
Published: June 2008

We study how rework routing together with wage and piece-rate compensation can strengthen incentives for quality. Traditionally, rework is assigned back to the agent who generates the defect (in a self-routing scheme) or to another agent dedicated to rework (in a dedicated routing scheme). In contrast, a novel cross-routing scheme allocates rework to a parallel agent performing both new jobs and rework. The agent who passes quality inspection or completes rework receives the piece rate paid per job. We compare the incentives of these rework-allocation schemes in a principal-agent model with embedded quality control and routing in a multiclass queueing network. We show that conventional self-routing of rework cannot induce first-best effort. Dedicated routing and cross-routing, however, strengthen incentives for quality by imposing an implicit punishment for quality failure. In addition, cross-routing leads to workload-allocation externalities and a prisoner's dilemma, thereby creating the greatest incentives for quality. Firm profitability depends on demand levels, revenues, and quality costs. When the number of agents increases, the incentive effect of cross-routing reduces monotonically and approaches that of dedicated routing.
A meta-analysis of the effect of lowering serum levels of GH and IGF-I on mortality in acromegaly
Authors: Holdaway I M , Bolland M J , Gamble G D
Published: June 2008

Objective

Formal studies of acromegaly have found increased mortality associated with the disorder, although reduction of serum levels of GH and IGF-I by treatment appears to improve survival. A meta-analysis of mortality studies in acromegaly has thus been performed to assess the effect of lowering serum GH and IGF-I on survival.

Design and methods

Medline was searched for studies under ‘acromegaly’, ‘mortality’ and ‘cause of death’ (1965–2008), and abstracts of recent meetings of the US Endocrine Society were hand searched. Studies were restricted to those presenting mortality data according to serum GH and IGF-I at last follow-up, and with mortality expressed as a standardized mortality ratio (SMR).

Results

Patients with random serum GH <2.5 μg/l following treatment, mostly measured by standard RIA, had mortality close to expected levels (SMR 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9–1.4) compared with an SMR of 1.9 (95% CI 1.5–2.4) for those with final GH >2.5 μg/l. Similarly, a normal serum IGF-I for age and sex at last follow-up after treatment was associated with an SMR of 1.1 (95% CI 0.9–1.4) compared with an SMR of 2.5 (95% CI 1.6–4.0) for those with continued IGF-I elevation. There was a significant trend for reduced mortality in series reporting frequent use of somatostatin analogues and in studies reporting high (>70%) rates of biochemical remission after treatment.

Conclusions

Clinicians treating acromegalic patients should aim for random serum GH <2.5 μg/l measured by RIA (probably <1 μg/l measured by modern sensitive immunoassay) and normal serum IGF-I values, to restore the elevated mortality of the condition to normal levels.
A neuro-fuzzy system to support in the diagnostic of epileptic events and non-epileptic events using different fuzzy arithmetical operations
Authors: Carvalho Lucimar M.F. de , Nassar Silvia Modesto , Azevedo Fernando Mendes de , Carvalho Hugo José Teixeira de , Monteiro Lucas Lese , Rech Ciciliana M. Zílio
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE: To investigate different fuzzy arithmetical operations to support in the diagnostic of epileptic events and non epileptic events. METHOD: A neuro-fuzzy system was developed using the NEFCLASS (NEuro Fuzzy CLASSIfication) architecture and an artificial neural network with backpropagation learning algorithm (ANNB). RESULTS: The study was composed by 244 patients with a bigger frequency of the feminine sex. The number of right decisions at the test phase, obtained by the NEFCLASS and ANNB was 83.60% and 90.16%, respectively. The best sensibility result was attained by NEFCLASS (84.90%); the best specificity result were attained by ANNB with 95.65%. CONCLUSION: The proposed neuro-fuzzy system combined the artificial neural network capabilities in the pattern classifications together with the fuzzy logic qualitative approach, leading to a bigger rate of system success.
Retrospective study of patients with Chiari: malformation submitted to surgical treatment
Authors: Taricco Mário Augusto , Melo Luiz Ricardo Santiago
Published: June 2008

The Chiari malformation (CM) is characterized by variable herniation of one or both cerebellar tonsils, associated or not with displacement of the hindbrain structures into the vertebral canal. This is a retrospective study of 29 patients with CM submitted to surgical procedure between 1990 and 2003. There were 14 females and 15 males whose ages ranged from 16 to 65 years. There were seven patients with isolated CM, 12 associated with syringomyelia (SM), three associated with basilar impression (BI) and seven associated with SM and BI. The surgery was based on posterior fossa decompression. In seven patients a catheter was introduced from the subarachnoid space into the III ventricle and five were submitted to tonsillectomy. Twenty-one patients improved, one worsened, one remained unchanged, four missed follow up and two died. We conclude that the best results with CM surgery are obtained by an effective posterior fossa decompression. Those CM cases associated with other abnormalities, such as SM and BI, probably need complementary techniques which will be the theme for new prospective studies.
Anterior surgical management of the cervicothoracic junction lesions at T1 and T2 vertebral bodies
Authors: Falavigna Asdrubal , Righesso Orlando , Pinto-Filho Darcy Ribeiro , Teles Alisson Roberto
Published: June 2008

Lesions of the cervicothoracic junction have a high propensity for causing instability and present unique challenges in the surgical treatment. Several surgical approaches to this region have been described in the literature. We report our experience in the surgical treatment of six patients with unstable lesions involving the cervicothoracic junction at T1 and T2 vertebral bodies. The patients underwent an anterior left Smith-Robinson approach and manubriotomy. Mesh and cervical plate system were used for stabilization and reconstruction of the region. No complication related to the surgical procedure was observed. In our experience, in injuries involving the T1 and T2 vertebral bodies, the transmanubrial approach offers good working room to remove the lesions and anterior reconstruction.
Pain centers professionals' beliefs on non-cancer chronic pain
Authors: Garcia Dayse Maioli , Mattos-Pimenta Cibele Andrucioli de
Published: June 2008

The beliefs and attitudes of health professionals affect the care ultimately provided to patients. The objective of this study was to analyze health professionals' beliefs toward chronic no cancer pain in nine (82%) pain centers in the city of S.Paulo. The Survey of Chronic Pain Attitudes-Professionals was employed to evaluate pain professionals' beliefs toward emotions, control, disability, solicitude, cure and harm. A total of 75 health professionals (59%), most of whom were doctors (44), followed by physical therapist (11) and dentists (8), were interviewed. The professionals professed a belief in a medical cure for chronic pain, that solicitous displays were desirable behaviors in treating pain, that chronic pain is related to injury and that it is the cause of disability, all of which are erroneous beliefs. Contrary to the expected result, the health professionals with more experience and education did not express more appropriate beliefs. These beliefs may compromise the treatment of patients with chronic pain and should therefore be reviewed.
Avidity of IgG antibodies against excreted/secreted antigens of Toxoplasma gondii: immunological marker for acute recent toxoplasmosis
Authors: Araújo Patrícia Regina Barboza , Ferreira Antonio Walter
Published: June 2008

Detection of anti-toxoplasma IgM antibodies has frequently been used as a serological marker for diagnosing recently acquired toxoplasmosis. However, the persistence of these antibodies in some patients has complicated the interpretation of serological results when toxoplasmosis is suspected. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the avidity of IgG antibodies against excreted/secreted antigens of Toxoplasma gondii by means of immunoblot, to establish a profile for acute recent infection in a single serum sample and confirm the presence of residual IgM antibodies obtained in automated assays. When we evaluated the avidity of IgG antibodies against excreted/secreted antigens of Toxoplasma gondii by means of immunoblot, we observed phase-specific reactivity, i.e. cases of acute recent toxoplasmosis presented low avidity and cases of non-acute recent toxoplasmosis presented high avidity towards the 30kDa protein fraction, which probably corresponds to the SAG-1 surface antigen. Our results suggest that the avidity of IgG antibodies against excreted/secreted antigens of Toxoplasma gondii is an important immunological marker for distinguishing between recent infections and for determining the presence of residual IgM antibodies obtained from automated assays.
Caracterização de Aeromonas spp isoladas de neonatos hospitalizados
Authors: Pereira Christiane Soares , Amorim Simone Duarte , Santos André Felipe das Mercês , Reis Cristhiane Moura Falavina dos , Theophilo Grace Nazareth Diogo , Rodrigues Dália dos Prazeres
Published: June 2008

Aeromonas spp é reconhecida como patogênica para o homem após o consumo de água e alimentos contaminados. Na presente investigação, foram avaliadas 2.323 amostras de swabs retais de neonatos hospitalizados no Rio de Janeiro objetivando o isolamento de Aeromonas. As amostras foram coletadas e enviadas ao Laboratório de Referência Nacional de Cólera e outras enteroinfecções bacterianas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Os swabs foram submetidos ao enriquecimento em água peptonada alcalina adicionada de 1% de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) e água peptonada alcalina adicionada de 3% de NaCl (37ºC/18-24h) e semeadas em agar seletivo para Pseudomonas aeromonas (Agar GSP). Foram isoladas 56 cepas de Aeromonas assim distribuídas: Aeromonas caviae (42,8%), Aeromonas media (25%), Aeromonas veronii biogrupo sobria (10,7%), Aeromonas hydrophila (9%), Aeromonas veronii biogrupo veronii (5,3%), Aeromonas sobria (1,8%), Aeromonas jandaei (1,8%), Aeromonas schubertii (1,8%) e Aeromonas sp (1,8%). Foi observada resistência a uma ou mais drogas antimicrobianas em 26,8% das cepas. Considerando a relevância de Aeromonas torna-se urgente alertar sobre sua importância para o controle de infecções hospitalares.
Problems and perspectives for Chagas disease control: in search of a realistic analysis
Authors: Dias João Carlos Pinto , Prata Aluizio , Correia Dalmo
Published: June 2008

Chagas disease was an important medical and social problem in almost all of Latin America throughout the twentieth century. It has been combated over a broad swath of this continent over recent decades, with very satisfactory results in terms of vector and transfusional transmission. Today, a surveillance stage still remains to be consolidated, in parallel with appropriate care required for some millions of infected individuals who are today living in endemic and non-endemic areas. Contradictorily, the good results attained have generated excessive optimism and even disregard among health authorities, in relation to this disease and its control. The loss of visibility and priority may be a logical consequence, particularly in Latin American healthcare systems that are still disorganized and overburdened due to insufficiencies of financial and human resources. Consolidation of the victories against Chagas disease is attainable but depends on political will and continual attention from the most consequential protagonists in this struggle, especially the Latin American scientific community.
Aspergillus niger causing tracheobronchitis and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a lung transplant recipient: case report
Authors: Xavier Melissa Orzechowski , Sales Maria da Penha Uchoa , Camargo José de Jesus Peixoto , Pasqualotto Alessandro Comarú , Severo Luiz Carlos
Published: June 2008

A case of invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus niger in a lung transplant recipient is described. The patient presented hyperglycemia starting postoperatively, with other complications such as cytomegalovirus infection. The associated predisposing factors and other implications are discussed. Aspergillus niger seems to be a fungal species of low virulence that requires the presence of a severely immunosuppressed host to cause invasive disease.
Investigação sorológica de casos subclínicos de leishmaniose tegumentar após um surto em uma localidade endêmica
Authors: Arraes Sandra Mara Alessi Aristides , Marini Mirela Teixeira , Martello Daiane , Silveira Thaís Gomes Verzignassi , Lonardoni Maria Valdrinez Campana , Nanni Marcos Rafael
Published: June 2008

Investigou-se casos subclínicos de leishmaniose tegumentar em um bairro de Maringá-Paraná, pelas reações de imunofluorescência indireta e enzimaimunoensaio. Das 130 amostras analisadas, uma amostra apresentou título 40 e três apresentaram título 20 pela imunofluorescência indireta, enquanto 11 amostras apresentaram-se positivas pela reação de enzimaimunoensaio. Estes dados sugerem a existência de casos subclínicos nesta localidade.
Alterações micrometeorológicas em vinhedos pelo uso de coberturas de plástico
Authors: Cardoso Loana Silveira , Bergamaschi Homero , Comiran Flávia , Chavarria Geraldo , Marodin Gilmar Arduíno Bettio , Dalmago Genei Antônio , Santos Henrique Pessoa dos , Mandelli Francisco
Published: June 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da cobertura de plástico sobre alguns elementos meteorológicos que formam o microclima de vinhedos de Vitis vinifera L., cultivar Moscato Giallo, em Flores da Cunha, na Serra Gaúcha. O experimento foi conduzido na safra 2005/2006, com os tratamentos: fileiras de plantas descobertas; e fileiras de plantas cobertas com plástico transparente tipo ráfia, com 160 µm de espessura. Medições contínuas de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa, temperatura e umidade do ar, e velocidade do vento foram realizadas: acima da cobertura; entre a cobertura e o dossel; sobre o dossel descoberto; e junto aos cachos de ambos tratamentos. Estimou-se a evapotranspiração de referência nos dois tratamentos. Da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa incidente, 67,5% chegou ao dossel coberto, 16% atingiu os cachos cobertos e 36% chegou aos cachos descobertos. A cobertura aumentou em 3,4ºC as temperaturas máximas do ar junto às plantas. A umidade relativa do ar diurna foi menor, enquanto a pressão de vapor e o deficit de saturação foram superiores debaixo da cobertura. A velocidade do vento foi reduzida pela cobertura em 88%. No ambiente coberto, a evapotranspiração de referência foi 65% daquela do ambiente externo. Embora aumente as temperaturas diurnas, a cobertura de plástico promoveu redução na demanda evaporativa do vinhedo.
Solubilização do fosfato de ferro em meio de cultura
Authors: Barroso Cinthya Babá , Nahas Ely
Published: June 2008

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de solubilização de FePO4 por Aspergillus niger, em meio de cultura com diferentes fontes de carbono (C) e nitrogênio (N) e com concentrações crescentes de fosfato. A quantidade de fosfato solúvel, acidez e pH final foram determinados após o crescimento do fungo, em cultura estacionária a 30ºC. A eficiência de solubilização aumentou conforme o crescimento do fungo, atingiu o máximo no 11º dia (68%) e depois regrediu. Das fontes de C e de N testadas, as maiores eficiências de solubilização foram obtidas com manitol (21%) e ácido glutâmico (17%). Com o aumento da concentração de fosfato (0 a 1.330 µg mL-1), a máxima eficiência de solubilização (70%) foi obtida com 330 µg mL-1 de PO4(3-) e decresceu até 47% com 1.330 µg mL-1. A produção de ácidos foi o principal mecanismo de solubilização do FePO4, com base na correlação positiva e significativa entre a produção de fosfato e a acidez.
Qualidade fisiológica de semente de mamão em função da secagem e do armazenamento
Authors: Berbert Pedro Amorim , Carlesso Vinicius de Oliveira , Silva Roberto Ferreira da , Araújo Eduardo Fontes , Thiébaut José Tarcísio Lima , Oliveira Márcia Terezinha Ramos de
Published: June 2008

A literatura apresenta resultados conflitantes sobre a manutenção do potencial fisiológico de semente de mamão armazenada por longos períodos com baixo teor de água e em ambientes a baixas temperaturas. Neste trabalho, sementes de mamão do cultivar UENF-CALIMAN 01 foram secadas à sombra até teor de água de 12,6% b.u. e submetidas à secagem complementar a 37º C, em secador de bandejas, até atingir teor de água de 7,7% b.u. A germinação e o vigor da semente, estimado pela contagem de plântulas normais fortes aos 14 dias, foram avaliados depois de submetidos aos dois processos de secagem e aos quatro e oito meses de armazenamento, em embalagem hermética a 15º C. O vigor da semente, inicialmente de cerca de 46%, aumentou para 77%, depois de quatro meses de armazenamento. O percentual de germinação, depois dos processos de secagem, foi de 75%, aumentando para 87% e declinando para 66%, aos quatro e oito meses de armazenamento, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho indicam que o comportamento da semente de mamão se aproxima mais daquele observado em sementes ortodoxas, que têm sua viabilidade extendida pela redução simultânea do teor de água e da temperatura, durante o armazenamento.
Morfo-anatomia do fruto e semente de Oenocarpus minor Mart. (Arecaceae)
Authors: Mendonça Maria Silvia de , Oliveira Andréia Barroncas de , Araújo Maria Gracimar Pacheco de , Araújo Lídia Medina
Published: June 2008

Foi feita a caracterização morfo-anatômica de frutos e sementes de Oenocarpus minor Mart. Frutos maduros foram coletados de vários indivíduos, em floresta densa antropizada no município de Itacoatiara, Amazonas. Foram feitas mensurações de tamanho, do peso do fruto e da semente e grau de umidade da semente. O estudo anatômico foi feito pelo método de inclusão em parafina. Foi feito um estudo complementar da análise de sais minerais do fruto pelo método de digestão ácida. O fruto é séssil, monospérmico, variando de globoso-ovóide a elipsóide, com epicarpo fino, coriáceo e glabro, formado por uma epiderme de células cutinizadas e região subepidérmica com células taníferas de diferentes formas. Mesocarpo fibro-carnoso e oleaginoso constituído por idioblastos taníferos, freqüentemente agrupados, entre células parenquimáticas. Feixes fibrovasculares localizam-se entre o mesocarpo e o endocarpo. Endocarpo fibroso, delimitado pela epiderme locular composta de uma única camada de células esclerificadas. Semente de globosa a elipsóide, com tegumento fino, formado por várias camadas de células taníferas; com endosperma sólido e homogêneo, com células longas de paredes espessas. Embrião do tipo capitado. A análise dos componentes minerais da polpa apresenta 0,67mg/g de Ca, 0,43mg/g de Mg, 0,08mg/g de Fe, 0,02mg/g de Cu, 9,5µg/g de Zn e 0,02mg/g de Mn.
Morfologia de frutos e sementes de espécies arbóreas do gênero Solanum L.
Authors: Castellani Estela Dalpim , Damião Filho Carlos Ferreira , Aguiar Ivor Bergemann de , Paula Rinaldo César de
Published: June 2008

O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar a morfologia do fruto e da semente de três espécies florestais nativas do Brasil, Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dunal, S. lycocarpum A.St.-Hil. e S. pseudoquina A.St.-Hil., recomendadas para plantações destinadas à recuperação de áreas degradadas. Os frutos são indeiscentes, carnosos, do tipo baga, globosos, polispérmicos e constituídos por dois ou mais lóculos. As sementes são estenospérmicas, campilótropas, elipsóides, comprimidas, apresentando seção longitudinal largo-ovalada ou achatado-ovalada e seção transversal elíptica. Hilo mediano-marginal localizado em uma depressão e micrópila arredondada. Sementes albuminosas, com endosperma abundante, periférico, carnoso-firme, semitransparente e de coloração esbranquiçada. Embrião axial, linear, contínuo e curvado. Em Solanum lycocarpum e S. pseudoquina o embrião é circinado e em S. granuloso-leprosum é espiralado.
Caracterização morfológica de frutos, sementes, plântulas e plantas jovens de mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. - Sterculiaceae)
Authors: Paiva Sobrinho Severino de , Siqueira Aline Gonçalves de
Published: June 2008

A Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. é uma espécie arbórea pioneira de ocorrência natural em quase todo o Brasil, desde a Amazônia até o Paraná. Pertence a família Sterculiaceae, sendo recomendada para recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os caracteres morfológicos dos frutos, sementes, plântula e planta jovem. No fruto foram observados: forma, coloração, dimensões, textura, deiscência, e o número de sementes por fruto. Na semente foram observados: coloração, peso de 1000 sementes, forma, tegumento, embrião e endosperma. O estádio de plântula foi considerado até o momento em que tinha apenas os cotilédones e a partir da emissão de folhas passou a ser considerada planta jovem. Os aspectos vegetativos descritos e ilustrados foram: raiz primária, raízes secundárias e terciárias, hipocótilo, epicótilo, cotilédones, caule, folhas e gema apical. Fruto e uma cápsula loculicida globoso, de coloração preta, com faixas estreitas e superfície muricada. Semente de coloração acinzentada e formas variadas, envolta pela testa que quando umedecida torna-se gelatinosa. Embrião axial e contínuo; com cotilédones foliáceos, plicados e que após a emergência são arredondados, verdes e com nervuras. Após a emergência o hipocótilo e a raiz primária são brancos e cilíndricos, mas com passar do tempo se tornam mais escuros. Caule de coloração verde-escura; folhas pecioladas, com nervura principal e secundária; limbo com margem dentada.
Composição química de sementes de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) submetidas a estresse salino na germinação
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Nascimento da , Duarte Gisela Loureiro , Lopes Nei Fernandes , Moraes Dario Munt de , Pereira Ana Lúcia de Almeida
Published: June 2008

O objetivo do experimento foi determinar algumas alterações bioquímicas de sementes de duas cultivares de trigo (BRS 177 e BRS 179) sob influência de diferentes níveis de sal (zero, 15, 30, 45 e 60mM NaCl) no processo de germinação. O ensaio foi realizado para avaliar alterações na atividade da a-amilase e nos teores de amido, açúcares redutores, carboidratos solúveis totais e proteínas causadas pelo estresse salino. A atividade da a-amilase e os teores carboidratos solúveis totais, açúcares redutores e proteínas são reduzidos, porém o conteúdo de amido aumenta com o incremento da salinidade, em ambas cultivares de trigo. Em todas as concentrações de NaCl, os componentes químicos nas sementes da cultivar BRS 179 são maiores do que os da cv. BRS 177, mostrando ser a BRS 179 mais tolerante à salinidade.
Ética: a aprendizagem da arte de viver
Authors: Hermann Nadja
Published: June 2008

O trabalho discute, numa abordagem filosófica, a formação ética, a partir das possibilidades da arte de viver. Explicita que a arte de viver tem uma dimensão estética em que própria obra da vida tem a arte como modelo, por meio da criação de diferentes estratégias (desde as interativas até as literárias), articuladas com princípios universais. Esta ética, com seu apelo às condições concretas da vida e aos sentimentos, não exclui o reconhecimento de uma normatividade que ultrapassa as regras criadas pelo próprio sujeito, ou seja, universalidade e particularidade não se excluem. O texto apresenta (1) a contribuição helenística para a arte de viver, por meio do modelo terapêutico de filosofar, e (2) o papel das emoções e da phronesis na articulação entre o universal e o particular, para apontar que (3) uma educação ético-estética se constitui pelo reconhecimento da tensão entre o eu singular e o nós (ethos comum).
O conceito "socialização" caiu em desuso? Uma análise dos processos de socialização na infância com base em Georg Simmel e George H. Mead
Authors: Grigorowitschs Tamara
Published: June 2008

O artigo apresenta uma leitura das obras de George H. Mead e Georg Simmel a respeito do conceito processos de socialização à luz de questões suscitadas no interior do domínio da sociologia da infância. Aborda o desenvolvimento do conceito processos de socialização em Simmel e correlaciona as concepções simmelinas com a obra de Mead a respeito do desenvolvimento do self, com o objetivo de definir os processos de socialização na infância. Visa demonstrar como as obras de Simmel e Mead permitem pensar a infância como um período específico dos processos de socialização, em que as crianças desempenham papéis ativos na construção de seus selves individuais e da sociedade e cultura em que estão inseridas.
A releitura de portfólios para a construção do trabalho de conclusão de curso de Pedagogia
Authors: Miranda Cláudia Queiroz , Villas Boas Benigna Maria de Freitas
Published: June 2008

O texto apresenta resultados da pesquisa que teve como objetivo geral analisar o processo de releitura de portfólios com vistas à construção do Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (TCC) de Pedagogia. Participaram da investigação seis professores-alunos egressos e uma professora-mediadora do curso de Pedagogia para professores em exercício no início de escolarização (PIE). O curso foi oferecido pela Faculdade de Educação da UNB em convênio com a Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal. Analisam-se os procedimentos utilizados por professores-alunos egressos para a releitura de portfólios e os procedimentos adotados pela professora-mediadora para a orientação desse processo, assim como as dificuldades e contribuições oferecidas por esta releitura para a construção do TCC. Observou-se que o processo de releitura abriu espaço para o desenvolvimento metacognitivo: reconsideraram-se as práticas avaliativas; criaram-se espaços de diferenciação pedagógica; a reflexão foi enfatizada.
Fatores associados a alterações vocais em professoras
Authors: Araújo Tânia Maria de , Reis Eduardo José Farias Borges dos , Carvalho Fernando Martins , Porto Lauro Antonio , Reis Israel Costa , Andrade Jonathan Moura de
Published: June 2008

Objetivou-se identificar fatores associados a alterações vocais (rouquidão nos últimos seis meses, como uma manifestação inicial, e calo nas cordas vocais, como uma manifestação mais severa, de doença já instalada) entre professoras. Um estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal investigou 747 professoras da rede municipal de ensino de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil, coletando dados num formulário padronizado, auto-aplicado. A queixa de rouquidão nos últimos seis meses foi referida por 59,2% das professoras e a do diagnóstico médico de calo nas cordas vocais, por 12,9%. Técnicas de regressão logística revelaram que rouquidão nos últimos seis meses estava estatisticamente associada a trabalhar > 24 horas em sala de aula, trabalhar em mais de uma escola e fazer força para falar. A queixa de calo nas cordas vocais estava associada a trabalhar > 5 anos como docente, trabalhar em mais de uma escola, trabalhar em outra atividade além da docência e fazer força para falar. Conclui-se que alterações vocais são freqüentes nesta população e estão associadas a múltiplos fatores ocupacionais, além daqueles de cunho fundamentalmente biológico.
Percepção dos trabalhadores avulsos sobre os riscos ocupacionais no porto do Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Soares Jorgana Fernanda de Souza , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina , Mendoza-Sassi Raul Andrés , Almeida Tabajara Lucas de , Muccillo-Baisch Ana Luiza , Soares Maria Cristina Flores , Costa Valdecir Zavarese da
Published: June 2008

Este é um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no porto do Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil e objetivou identificar a percepção, em uma amostra com 306 trabalhadores portuários avulsos, sobre risco à saúde no trabalho. A maioria dos trabalhadores portuários avulsos (93,46%) reconheceu que existem riscos à sua saúde no trabalho e isso foi independente do grau de instrução (p = 0,44), atividade desenvolvida (p = 0,47). Os riscos identificados no grupo geral de trabalhadores portuários avulsos foram queda de objetos suspensos (8,43 ± 2,47), ruídos (8,06 ± 2,32) e intempéries (8,05 ± 2,48). Os riscos significativamente diferentes entre as atividades foram: ruídos (p = 0,00), levantamento manual de carga (p = 0,00), ferramentas de trabalho (p = 0,00), componentes dos ternos em número abaixo do ideal (p = 0,03), ganho por produtividade (p = 0,00), ritmo de trabalho (p = 0,01), trabalho em altura (p = 0,00), deslocamento do trabalhador sobre as cargas (p = 0,00), escadas de acesso às embarcações (p = 0,00). Pode-se corroborar que o trabalho portuário avulso é insalubre e perigoso, e os riscos se apresentam aos trabalhadores em consonância com a atividade por eles desenvolvida.
Análise de custo-efetividade em relação às terapias renais substitutivas: como pensar estudos em relação a essas intervenções no Brasil?
Authors: Sancho Leyla Gomes , Dain Sulamis
Published: June 2008

Este estudo tem por finalidade contribuir com a discussão sobre as possibilidades para a execução de avaliação econômica em saúde, em especial por meio da técnica de custo-efetividade, em relação às terapias renais substitutivas em portadores de falência renal crônica à luz do nosso contexto. Para tanto se realizou uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as intervenções e seus cursos alternativos na perspectiva das proposições metodológicas dispostas na literatura, considerando a disponibilidade de dados e informações no nosso meio que subsidiam este tipo de pesquisa.
Monitoramento por entrevistas telefônicas de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas: experiência de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
Authors: Peixoto Maria do Rosário Gondim , Monego Estelamaris Tronco , Alexandre Veruska Prado , Souza Rávila Graziany Machado de , Moura Erly Catarina de
Published: June 2008

Este estudo descreve alguns resultados do sistema de monitoramento de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas por entrevistas telefônicas no Município de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, 2005. Foi estudada amostra probabilística (n = 2.002) da população adulta servida por linhas telefônicas residenciais fixas. Foram analisadas variáveis comportamentais (consumo alimentar, atividade física, tabagismo e consumo de bebida alcoólica), peso e altura referidos e referência a diagnóstico médico de doenças crônicas. Foram calculadas estimativas de prevalência e valores de qui-quadrado. Observou-se baixo consumo de frutas e hortaliças (47,1%), alta freqüência de inatividade física ocupacional (86,6%), no deslocamento para o trabalho (92,6%) e lazer (61,9%), consumo excessivo de bebidas alcoólicas (23,2%), excesso de peso (36,5%), obesidade (10,6%), hipertensão arterial (22,4%), dislipidemias (18,4%) e diabetes (4,4%). A maioria dos fatores de risco apresentou associação inversa com escolaridade e direta com idade, com diferenças significativas entre sexos (p < 0,05). Observou-se alta prevalência dos fatores de risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e de auto-referidas. Aspectos positivos do sistema: baixo custo operacional, possibilidade de monitorar a carga e a tendência das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no nível local.