bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Visualization of Oral Microbial Consortia
Authors: Ramirez-Puebla S.T. , Mark Welch J.L. , Borisy G.G.
Published: June 2024

Bacteria on the tongue dorsum (TD) form consortia tens to hundreds of microns in diameter organized around a core of epithelial cells. Whole-mount preparations have been instrumental in revealing their organization and specific microbial associations. However, their thickness and intricate 3-dimensional complexity present challenges for a comprehensive spatial analysis. To overcome these challenges, we employed a complementary approach: embedding in hydrophilic plastic followed by sectioning and postsectioning labeling. Samples were labeled by hybridization with multiplexed fluorescent oligonucleotide probes and visualized by spectral imaging and linear unmixing. Application of this strategy to TD biofilms improved the visualization of bacteria that were difficult to resolve in whole-mount imaging. Actinomyces, previously detected as patches, became resolved at the single-cell level. The filamentous taxa Leptotrichia and Lachnospiraceae, located at the core of the consortium, were regularly visualized whereas previously they were rarely detected when using whole mounts. Streptococcus salivarius, heterogeneously detected in whole mounts, were regularly and homogenously observed. Two-dimensional images provide valuable information about the organization of bacterial biofilms. However, they offer only a single plane of view for objects that can extend to hundreds of microns in thickness, and information obtained from such images may not always reflect the complexity of a 3-dimensional object. We combined serial physical sectioning with optical sectioning to facilitate the 3-dimensional reconstruction of consortia, spanning over 100 µm in thickness. Our work showcases the use of hydrophilic plastic embedding and sectioning for examining the structure of TD biofilms through spectral imaging fluorescence in situ hybridization. The result was improved visualization of important members of the human oral microbiome. This technique serves as a complementary method to the previously employed whole-mount analysis, offering its own set of advantages and limitations. Addressing the spatial complexity of bacterial consortia demands a multifaceted approach for a comprehensive and effective analysis.
Process mapping homicide investigations and estimating resource requirements for homicide units: Findings from a case study in the United States
Authors: Kuhns Joseph B , Messer Shannon , Exum M Lyn
Published: June 2024

A research team worked with a large urban jurisdiction in the southeastern United States, conducted detective interviews, developed process maps, and estimated the work hours associated with various phases of homicide investigations. The investigative process was organized into separate stages and presented as process maps. The average time elapsed for the initial investigative stage was 72.0 hours, while time to complete the second stage was 10.3 days. Plea-bargained cases consumed 12 hours of lead investigator’s time; homicide trials required an additional 13.2 workdays. These workflow maps and workload estimates could be used to help determine staffing allocations in similar agencies.
Occupational Stressors and Flourishing among Roman Catholic Priests: The Eucharist as the “Source and Summit”
Authors: Upenieks Laura
Published: June 2024

The main objective of this study is to examine the trials and tribulations in the lives of priests through an examination of work-related stressors, including feeling disrespected in one’s role as a priest, feelings of overwork, thoughts of leaving the priesthood, and a lack of trust in one’s Bishop, who plays a central role in the daily lives of Catholic priests. This study also assesses how a priest’s relationship with the Eucharist may buffer the effects of these occupational stressors. Drawing from a national sample of priests ( N = 3,515), results show that, in order of magnitude, priests who did not feel respected, those thinking of leaving ministry, priests who perceived that their job required them to do things beyond their vocational calling (overwork), and priests with low levels of trust in their bishop all had lower flourishing scores. Eucharistic centrality buffered the deleterious associations between each form of stress and flourishing. Future research on Catholic priests should continue to explore faith-based resources that can promote flourishing across the domains of human life.
Tales From the Motherboard: Black Mothering Across the Black Networked Consciousness
Authors: Toliver S. R. , Johnson Susan Renee , Combs Erin Michelle Toliver
Published: June 2024

A motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer, the connectivity point that ensures communication between important circuits and provides space for peripheral components to connect. As the central hub, the motherboard is the backbone, the point where power and data are distributed to the technological mechanisms that need it. Without the motherboard, connection is severed and functionality ceases. And is this not a description of Black mothering? Black mothers and othermothers are points of connectivity and communication between one generation and the next. They hold important data that will be transferred to their children, and they absorb and distribute power to the next generation to ensure current and future functionality in the Black community. Considering the idea of Black mothers as communal motherboards, this article utilizes Endarkened Storywork (undergirded by the Afrofuturist concept of the Black Networked Consciousness) to explore how one Black mother used ancestral knowing to help her children develop the navigational capital to succeed in a small urban characteristic city. As many education studies neglect to center the needs of Black youth in urban characteristic locations, we present a story and an accompanying analysis that illuminates this oft-forgotten geographical and learning landscape. In doing so, we present implications for education stakeholders to explicitly attend to geographical specificity in urban education.
“What's Happening Baby?” Lessons with My First Teacher, Mrs. Mary M. Temple Rhodes
Authors: Sankofa Waters M. Billye , Temple Rhodes (posthumous) Mary M.
Published: June 2024

This article is an ethnographic telling rooted in Black feminisms and radical identity praxis. I center the life and labor of Mrs. Rhodes/Mama and name my experiences with her, growing up in Chicago and in Chicago public schools to historicize the legacy of Black liberatory practices. I ask the question: What can Mama teach us about how we engage Black youth in urban education? I conclude with four assignments she offers for personal and professional pedagogies: cultivating Village that reflects and affirms strong Black identities, listening & serving, maintaining joy, and looking beyond standardized metrics.
Many Mickles Make a Muckle: Evidence That Gender Stereotypes Reemerge Spontaneously Via Cultural Evolution
Authors: Dallimore Carolyn J. , Smith Kenny , Hutchison Jacqui , Slessor Gillian , Martin Douglas
Published: June 2024

We explore whether societal gender stereotypes re-emerge as social information is repeatedly passed from person to person. We examined whether peoples’ memories of personality attributes associated with female and male social targets became increasingly consistent with societal gender stereotypes as information was passed down social transmission chains. After passing through the memories of just four generations of participants, our initially gender-balanced micro-societies became rife with traditional gender stereotypes. While we found some evidence of the re-emergence of gender stereotypes in Experiment 1, we found the effects were stronger when targets appeared in a feminine-stereotyped occupational context (Experiment 2), and a masculine-stereotyped occupational context (Experiment 3); conversely, the re-emergence of gender stereotypes was attenuated when targets appeared in a single gender context (Experiment 4). The current findings demonstrate that gender schematic memory bias, if widely shared, might cause gender stereotypes to be maintained through cultural evolution.
Risk-Adapted Breast Screening for Women at Low Predicted Risk of Breast Cancer: An Online Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Kelley Jones Charlotte , Scott Suzanne , Pashayan Nora , Morris Stephen , Okan Yasmina , Waller Jo
Published: June 2024

Background

A risk-stratified breast screening program could offer low-risk women less screening than is currently offered by the National Health Service. The acceptability of this approach may be enhanced if it corresponds to UK women’s screening preferences and values.

Objectives

To elicit and quantify preferences for low-risk screening options.

Methods

Women aged 40 to 70 y with no history of breast cancer took part in an online discrete choice experiment. We generated 32 hypothetical low-risk screening programs defined by 5 attributes (start age, end age, screening interval, risk of dying from breast cancer, and risk of overdiagnosis), the levels of which were systematically varied between the programs. Respondents were presented with 8 choice sets and asked to choose between 2 screening alternatives or no screening. Preference data were analyzed using conditional logit regression models. The relative importance of attributes and the mean predicted probability of choosing each program were estimated.

Results

Participants ( N = 502) preferred all screening programs over no screening. An older starting age of screening, younger end age of screening, longer intervals between screening, and increased risk of dying had a negative impact on support for screening programs ( P < 0.01). Although the risk of overdiagnosis was of low relative importance, a decreased risk of this harm had a small positive impact on screening choices. The mean predicted probabilities that risk-adapted screening programs would be supported relative to current guidelines were low (range, 0.18 to 0.52).

Conclusions

A deintensified screening pathway for women at low risk of breast cancer, especially one that recommends a later screening start age, would run counter to women’s breast screening preferences. Further research is needed to enhance the acceptability of offering less screening to those at low risk of breast cancer.

Highlights

Risk-based breast screening may involve the deintensification of screening for women at low risk of breast cancer. Low-risk screening pathways run counter to women’s screening preferences and values. Longer screening intervals may be preferable to a later start age. Work is needed to enhance the acceptability of a low-risk screening pathway.
Mechanics of surface deformations in rigid bodies
Authors: Ismayilzada Matanat , Mustafayeva Esmira , Makhmudova Nigar , Rahimova Konul
Published: June 2024

Studying surface deformations in solids is crucial for advancing science and technology, informing material development, structural design and process enhancement. The purpose of study is to review and analyse the mechanics of surface deformations in rigid bodies in order to identify their features and develop new methods for describing and predicting such deformations. The study analysed theoretical models and experimental approaches to study surface deformation; among the methods used, the analytical method, classification method and synthesis method should be noted. In the study, the following parameters and aspects related to surface deformation in rigid bodies were investigated: material response to plastic deformation, mechanical properties, surface deformation characteristics, extent of deformation and behaviour under small deformations. The study investigates the impact of plastic deformation on the crystal structure of materials, focusing on grain boundary structure, dislocation motion and stacking faults. The main results of the study are the identification of the relationship between mechanical stress and surface deformation in rigid bodies. It was found that high mechanical stress leads to a change in the crystal structure of the material on the surface, which, in turn, affects its mechanical properties. Also, the results of the study are the establishment of relationships between the parameters of materials and the amount of surface deformation, as well as the identification of physical laws governing this process.
Libraries’ roles in media and information literacy education: Obtaining the opinions of South Korean volunteer librarians through the Delphi method
Authors: Son Suhyoung
Published: June 2024

South Korea’s official development assistance activities emphasize the significant role of education, with increasing attention towards the potential of libraries. Media and information literacy has become imperative for leading a productive life, highlighting the crucial role of libraries in enhancing media and information literacy competencies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. However, limited research exists on this topic. This study explores how libraries could contribute to improving the media and information literacy competencies of people in low- and middle-income countries, drawing from interviews mainly with South Korean volunteer librarians with experience in low- and middle-income countries using the Delphi method. The challenges in supporting media and information literacy capacity-building in libraries in low- and middle-income countries include a shortage of skilled personnel, limited resources, inadequate understanding of public development assistance and global citizenship, and insufficient publicity. The survey participants emphasized the need for specific qualifications for librarians to effectively contribute to media and information literacy education. They recommended continuous group-based training, incorporating field education and online courses to build media and information literacy competencies.
Joint Routing and Pricing Control in Bimodal Mixed Autonomy Networks with Elastic Demand and Three-Dimensional Passenger Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram
Authors: Mansourianfar Mohammadhadi , Gu Ziyuan , Saberi Meead
Published: June 2024

The interaction between mixed autonomy traffic and public transport vehicles competing for limited road space is a less explored area of research. To evaluate the traffic dynamics in bimodal networks, a three-dimensional (passenger) network fundamental diagram, known as 3D-NFD (3D-pNFD), can be estimated that relates the accumulation of cars (autonomous and human-driven) and buses to the network vehicular (passenger) travel production. In this study, we propose a 3D-pNFD-based congestion pricing scheme considering three vehicle classes of buses, system-optimal (SO) seeking connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), and user-equilibrium (UE) seeking human-driven vehicles (HVs). We develop an iterative tri-level modeling framework for mode choice, pricing, and route choice in a mixed autonomy network. The lower level generates mixed equilibrium traffic flow through an integrated mixed equilibrium simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment model and a transit assignment model. The mid-level finds the optimal toll rates through a 3D-pNFD feedback-based controller. A nested logit-based mode choice model is also applied to capture travelers’ preferences toward three available modes and incorporates elastic demand. To encourage CAVs to follow the SO routing mode, they are provided with a discount on the congestion toll whereas UE-seeking HVs are subject to full price toll. Buses are also entirely exempt from the toll. We explore three scenarios with different discount rates on SO-seeking CAVs to investigate the effect of the incentive plans on the mode choice behaviors of road users in the pricing zone. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated in a large-scale network in Melbourne, Australia.
Double-Bundle Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Improves Anteromedial Rotatory Instability
Authors: Beel Wouter , Vivacqua Thiago , Willing Ryan , Getgood Alan
Published: June 2024

Background:

New techniques have been proposed to better address anteromedial rotatory instability in a medial collateral ligament (MCL)–injured knee that require an extra graft and more surgical implants, which might not be feasible in every clinical setting.

Purpose:

To investigate if improved resistance to anteromedial rotatory instability can be achieved by using a single-graft, double-bundle (DB) MCL reconstruction with a proximal fixation more anteriorly on the tibia, in comparison with the gold standard single-bundle (SB) MCL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eight fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were tested using a 6 degrees of freedom robotic simulator in intact knee, superficial MCL/deep MCL–deficient, and reconstruction states. Three different reconstructions were tested: DB MCL no proximal tibial fixation and DB and SB MCL reconstruction with proximal tibial fixation. Knee kinematics were recorded at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion for the following measurements: 8 N·m of valgus rotation (VR), 5 N·m of external tibial rotation, 5 N·m of internal tibial rotation, combined 89 N of anterior tibial translation and 5 N·m of external rotation for anteromedial rotation (AMR) and anteromedial translation (AMT). The differences between each state for every measurement were analyzed with VR and AMR/AMT as primary outcomes.

Results:

Cutting the superficial MCL/deep MCL increased VR and AMR/AMT in all knee positions except at 90° for VR ( P < .05). All reconstructions restored VR to the intact state except at 90° of knee flexion ( P < .05). The DB MCL no proximal tibial fixation reconstruction could not restore intact AMR/AMT kinematics in any knee position ( P < .05). Adding an anterior-based proximal tibial fixation restored intact AMR/AMT kinematics at ≥30° of knee flexion except at 90° for AMT ( P < .05). The SB MCL reconstruction could not restore intact AMR/AMT kinematics at 0° and 90° of knee flexion ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

In this in vitro cadaveric study, a DB MCL reconstruction with anteriorly placed proximal tibial fixation was able to control AMR and AMT better than the gold standard SB MCL reconstruction.

Clinical Relevance:

In patients with anteromedial rotatory instability and valgus instability, a DB MCL reconstruction may be superior to the SB MCL reconstruction, without causing extra surgical morbidity or additional costs.
Supratubercle Anterior Closing Wedge Osteotomy: No Changes in Patellar Height and Significant Decreases in Anterior Tibial Translation at 6 Months Postoperatively
Authors: Tollefson Luke V. , Kennedy Nicholas I. , Banovetz Mark T. , Homan Morgan D. , Engebretsen Lars , Moatshe Gilbert , Wulf Corey A. , Larson Christopher M. , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Because of the increased prevalence of revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, there has been a desire to understand the role of posterior tibial slope on increased anterior tibial translation and increased ACL graft forces. One potential concern in supratubercle anterior closing wedge proximal tibial osteotomy (ACW-PTO) for decreasing the posterior tibial slope is the risk of altering the patellar height.

Purpose:

To radiographically assess changes in (1) patellar height, (2) anterior tibial translation, and (3) posterior tibial slope after supratubercle ACW-PTO.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients who underwent supratubercle ACW-PTO by a single surgeon between July 2019 and June 2023 were included. Standardized lateral knee weightbearing radiographs to assess patellar height (via the Caton-Deschamps index), anterior tibial translation of the lateral tibial plateau relative to the lateral femoral condyle, and posterior tibial slope were obtained at 4 time points (preoperatively and 1 day, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively). Paired t test was used to compare differences between preoperative, 1-day, and 3- and 6-month values for patellar height as measured using the Caton-Deschamps index and for posterior tibial slope. Paired t test was also used to compare differences in the preoperative and 6-month postoperative values for anterior tibial translation.

Results:

In 20 patients after ACW-PTO, the Caton-Deschamps index demonstrated a significant increase in patellar height on postoperative day 1 ( P < .001) but no significant differences at 3 ( P = .057) and 6 ( P = .176) months postoperatively. Anterior tibial translation on standing lateral knee radiographs was significantly decreased by a mean of 8.9 mm from preoperatively to 6 months postoperatively ( P < .001). Posterior tibial slope was significantly decreased by a mean of 11.2° from preoperatively to 6 months postoperatively ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

Supratubercle ACW-PTO performed for ACL reconstruction failure in the setting of an increased posterior tibial slope did not induce significant changes in patellar height postoperatively. Furthermore, after ACW-PTO, there was a significant decrease in anterior tibial translation and posterior tibial slope.
Location of Shoulder Glenoid Labral Tears: A Study of 1763 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Mohr Damaris , Nammour Michael A. , Marcaccio Stephen E. , Arner Justin W. , Bradley James P.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Anterior shoulder labral tearing has historically been considered the most common location of shoulder labral pathology. Recently, smaller studies have reported that posterior labral involvement may be more common than previously recognized.

Purpose:

To examine the location of surgically repaired labral tears by a single surgeon over a consecutive 23-year period.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 1763 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic or open shoulder labral repair by a single seniorsports medicine fellowship–trained orthopaedic surgeon between April 2000 and April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify patients, which included 29806, 29807, 29822, and 29823. Exclusion criteria included isolated shoulder manipulation or glenohumeral joint or labral debridement that did not include repair. Intraoperative glenoid labral tears observed were categorized into 7 broad categories: (1) anterior labral tears, (2) posterior labral tears, (3) superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) type II tears (A, B, or C), (4) SLAP type V tears, (5) SLAP type VIII tears, or (6) circumferential labral tears (combined SLAP, anterior, and posterior labral tear). Shoulders diagnosed with multiple tear patterns (ie, anterior and posterior) were also noted.

Results:

During the 23-year period, 1763 patients underwent arthroscopic or open labral repair; they included 1295 male and 468 female patients, ranging in age from 12 to 70 years, with a mean age of 23.2 years and median age of 19 years. Overall, 28.4% of tears involved the anterior labrum, 64.9% involved the posterior labrum, and 59.6% involved the superior labrum. Regarding isolated tears, 9.3% were isolated anterior labral tears, 19.7% were isolated posterior labral tears, 11.5% involved the anterior and posterior labrum, 22.2% were isolated superior (SLAP type II-IV) tears, 3.63% were isolated SLAP type V tears, 29.8% were isolated SLAP type VIII tears, and 4.1% were circumferential tears.

Conclusion:

Posterior shoulder labral tearing was more common than anterior tearing in a large consecutive series of 1763 patients who underwent surgical repair. This highlights the importance of posterior labral pathology, which sometimes may be overlooked because of more vague complaints, with pain and loss of function being the most common.
“I Am from the Ghetto, I Am Black, I Live in the Slum and They Think: Why Bother with Her?” – Racism in Seeking Help Experiences for Domestic Violence in Brazil
Authors: Pereira Stephanie , Schraiber Lilia Blima , d’Oliveira Ana Flávia Pires Lucas
Published: June 2024

Despite the majority of Brazilians identifying as black, racial disparities are significant. Black women encounter disproportionate difficulties, with greater rates of homicide, unemployment, and poverty. After the Maria da Penha Law (2006), which is regarded as one of the most comprehensive laws to address domestic violence, there has been a notable increase in femicide among black women and a decrease in cases among white women. This paper aims to analyze the differences between white and black survivors of domestic violence in terms of the access and support they received from the violence against women multi agency network in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. To this end, in-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted with nine white and nine black women who were seeking help in the justice system in June of 2018. The IDI were analyzed under critical path and structural racism theories, in order to understand how inequality markers such as race might affect the institutional response to the survivor’s help seeking. The results indicated that black women received less information and support while seeking institutional help, as they faced more obstacles compared to white women. Among the interviewees critical paths, the access to the services was denied by providers 13 times for black women in contrast with 1 access denial for white women—also considering cases that discontinued the needed assistance due to institutional violence. The observed obstacles lived by black women in the multiagency network not only resulted in the path for these women toward support being longer but in many cases being repeated unsuccessfully multiple times. This study concludes that thus all women face obstacles while seeking help in formal institutions, black women may face greater barriers in this path due to how structural racism is reproduced in the services that should guarantee rights.
‘Novelty’ through narrative and paratextual voice: The case of John Minford’s translation of ‘The laughing girl’
Authors: Zhou Qiyue , Xu Minhui
Published: June 2024

‘The Laughing Girl’ (‘Yingning’) is a short fictional story from Liaozhai zhiyi, a collection of uncanny and surreal stories written by the Chinese writer Pu Songling between the 1660s and 1720s. The stories have been made available for anglophone readers as Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio published in 2006, canonised by Penguin Classics and the translator John Minford, whose approach rooted in ‘nouvelle Chinoiserie’ imbues the tales with a sense of novelty or strangeness, both textually and paratextually. In this study, we will investigate how Minford foregrounds the story’s novelty with his translator’s voice in the translated text. Comparison and analysis reveal that on the textual level, Minford’s shifting focalisation and narrative voice accentuates the strangeness in ‘The Laughing Girl’ and that his additions in terms of characterisation construct Yingning an even more outlandish fox spirit. On the paratextual level, he foregrounds the text’s novelty at the expense of other themes, such as the moral edification or social critique. Minford’s unique perspective on and approach to the source text align with the publisher’s aim to appeal to a general readership, leading him to highlight the text’s exoticism in his translation. Although Minford’s translation is both accessible and stylistically deft, it appears to reduce Strange Tales to a mere anthology of the bizarre and grotesque while constructing an ‘imagined and ethereal orient’, as is clearly indicated by the corpus-assisted readers’ reception analysis.
Cripqueering Method in Posthuman Educational Research: Diffractive Reading/Writing-With Autistic Perception and Expression
Authors: Jonker Francois
Published: June 2024

With the aim of contributing toward posthuman orientations in educational research, this article actively engages neuroqueerness as a means to trouble humanist assumptions regarding empirical data and representational language. As its overarching objective, this article seeks to explore some possibilities for the cripqueering of method as a way of doing inquiry differently. I do so by diffracting the disidentificatory queering of identity through the postidentitarian urge of neurodiversity. This article argues for an attunement to the relational errantry of neuroqueer becomings-with, autistic perception and autistic voicing as means of provoking generative methodological perspectives that might challenge the compulsory able-bodymindedness embedded in traditional representationalist humanist modes of education and research.
“The University Is Made for Those Who Can Climb the Stairs”: Dialoguing With Counterstories in Higher Education
Authors: Vandenbussche Hanne , Van Goidsenhoven Leni , Vandekerckhove Amber , De Schauwer Elisabeth
Published: June 2024

Entering higher education presents significant challenges for students whose learning styles differ from the norm of the “(neuro)typical student.” In Flanders, the prevailing notions persist in asserting that people with disabilities do not belong in a higher education system due to perceived shortcomings in meeting the traditional standards. In this article, we focus on a podcast “ I write so I am: The power of the dyslexic brain” created by a former student. By drawing on a critical dialogical methodology we engage with the stories presented in the podcast, contemplating ways to progress toward an affirmative and relational approach to disability. We make this more concrete by plugging-in concepts such as “recognition,” “relational accessibility,” and “caring communities” as they guide us in challenging ableist structures. The practice of dialoguing calls for engaging communities where listening with care opens negotiations to bypass the current rigid system of “reasonable accommodations.”
If you’re reading this, it’s meant for you: The reflexive ambivalence of algorithmic conspirituality
Authors: Cotter Kelley , Ritchart Amy , De Ankolika , Foyle Kali , Kanthawala Shaheen , McAtee Haley , Watson TX
Published: June 2024

Growing awareness of the ubiquity of algorithms online has established a new discursive space for making sense of their role in individuals’ lives and society writ large. Within this space, social media users have come to think of algorithms as uniquely powerful forces shaping everyday experiences. This article explores how people make sense of algorithms, as seen through (dis)belief in algorithmic conspirituality, where users ascribe divine significance to algorithmic curation on TikTok. We ask: how do users understand algorithmic conspirituality, and under what circumstances do they believe (or not) in the mystical power of algorithms? Drawing on focus groups and interviews with TikTok users ( n = 25), we observed what we call reflexive ambivalence. This refers to a reflexive process in which participants examined their cognitive and affective responses to algorithmic conspirituality videos to untangle seemingly contradictory logical and mystical mentalities. With this insight, we complicate past work by demonstrating the co-occurrence and interdependency of rational, technical vs. affective, socially situated ways of knowing algorithms. We additionally highlight conditions under which belief in algorithmic conspirituality gained plausibility for our participants and how they rationalized the phenomenon as grounded in the worldly realm.
Journeys Through Genomics: Co-Producing Visual Resources to Communicate Patient Experiences
Authors: Lyle Kate , Weller Susie , Lucassen Anneke
Published: June 2024

Journeys through Genomics is a series of illustrations co-produced with patients and families to communicate their experiences of seeking genomic explanations for a health condition and the wider impact on their lives. The resources are embedded within qualitative longitudinal research exploring patient’s experiences of genomic medicine. This research takes place as genomic medicine becomes an integral part of mainstream care within the UK healthcare system. The depiction of genomic medicine often focuses on its technological components and the speed by which genetic code can be analysed, but here, we present a dynamic and situated understanding of the challenges genomic testing presents for patients and families. We describe the process of working with research participants and an artist to co-produce visual resources that illustrate the complexity of participant’s journeys, situating genomic testing within the broader context of their lives. These resources are designed to help future patients, families, and healthcare professionals understand the process, opportunities, and challenges they may face.
Perfusion increase in foot angiosomes: Comparison between direct and indirect revascularization of crural arteries
Authors: Venermo Maarit , Settembre Nicla
Published: June 2024

Background and aims:

In retrospective studies, wound healing and leg salvage have been better if revascularization is targeted to the crural artery supplying arterial flow to the wound angiosome. No data exist on how revascularization changes the blood flow in foot angiosomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in perfusion after infrapopliteal artery revascularization in all foot angiosomes and to compare directly revascularized (DR) angiosomes to the indirectly revascularized (IR) angiosomes.

Methods:

In this prospective study, foot perfusion was measured with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging (ICG-FI) before and after either surgical or endovascular below-knee revascularization. According to angiograms, we divided the foot angiosomes into DR and IR angiosomes. Furthermore, in a subanalysis, the IR angiosomes were graded as IR_Coll+ angiosomes if there were strong collaterals arising from the artery which was revascularized, and as IR_Coll– angiosomes if strong collaterals were not seen.

Results:

A total of 72 feet (28 bypass, 44 endovascular revascularizations) and 282 angiosomes were analyzed. Surgical and endovascular revascularization increased perfusion significantly in both DR and IR angiosomes. After bypass surgery, the increase in DR angiosomes was 55 U and 53 U in IR angiosomes; there were no significant difference in the perfusion increase between IR and DR angiosomes. After endovascular revascularization, perfusion increased significantly more, 40 U, in DR angiosomes compared to 26 U in IR angiosomes (p < 0.05). In the subanalysis of IR angiosomes, perfusion increased significantly after surgical bypass regardless of whether strong collaterals were present or not. After endovascular revascularization, however, a significant perfusion increase was noted in the IR_Coll+ but not in the IR_Coll− subgroup.

Conclusion:

Open revascularization increased perfusion equally in DR and IR angiosomes, whereas endovascular revascularization increased perfusion significantly more in DR than in IR angiosomes. Strong collateral network may help increase perfusion in IR angiosomes.
What did you hear and what did you see? Understanding the transparency of facial recognition and speech recognition systems during human–robot interaction
Authors: Xu Kun , Chen Xiaobei , Liu Fanjue , Huang Luling
Published: June 2024

As social robots begin to assume various social roles in society, the demand for understanding how social robots work and communicate grows rapidly. While literature on explainable artificial intelligence suggests that transparency about a social robot’s working mechanism can evoke users’ positive attitudes, transparency may also have negative outcomes. This study investigates the paradoxical effects of the transparency of facial recognition technology and speech recognition technology in human–robot interactions. Based on a lab experiment and combined analyses of users’ quantitative and qualitative responses, this study suggests that the transparency of facial recognition technology in human–robot interaction increases users’ social presence, reduces privacy concerns, and enhances users’ acceptance of robots. However, exposure to both facial and speech recognition technologies revives users’ privacy worries. This study further parses users’ open-ended evaluation of the prospective application of social robots’ tracking technologies and discusses the theoretical, practical, and ethical value of the findings.
Aeroacoustic source localization using the microphone array method with application to wind turbine noise
Authors: Xue Weicheng , Yang Bing
Published: June 2024

The deconvolution DAMAS algorithm can effectively eliminate the misconceptions in the usually-used beamforming localization algorithm, allowing for a more accurate calculation of the source location as well as the intensity. When solving a linear system of equations, the DAMAS algorithm takes into account the mutual influence of different locations, reducing or even eliminating sidelobes and producing more accurate results. This work first introduces the principles of the DAMAS algorithm. Then it applies both the conventional beamforming algorithm and the DAMAS algorithm to simulate the localization of a single-frequency source from a 1.5 MW wind turbine, a complex line source with the text “UCAS” and a line source downstream of an airfoil trailing edge. Finally, the work presents experimental localization results of the source of a 1.5 MW wind turbine using both the conventional beamforming algorithm and the DAMAS algorithm.
“‘Trust the Process’: Reality TV, Cable News, and the Politics of Reassurance”
Authors: Kessler Sarah Rebecca
Published: June 2024

This essay examines “process” discourse and the politics of reassurance across the prototypically American media domains of reality TV and cable news. Using The Bachelorette’s 2020 season and CNN’s concurrent coverage of 2020s famously disputed presidential election as case studies, it argues that both broadcasts’ copious references to the soundness of the “processes” they purport to depict both naturalize and stabilize the tenuous notions of heterosexuality and democracy on which they rest. The two programs’ exemplary televisual “process” discourse reassures even cynical viewers that, though much of the pleasure US audience-members take in their broadcasts derives from the spectacle (or threat) of dysfunctionality, we can ultimately rely on the functionality of the systems that govern our lives. Not least, it courts the perception that television is the true arbiter of “the process,” and thus that TV itself deserves Americans’ trust—a vitally important impression to maintain during a global pandemic.
Mediating Factors Associated With Physical Activity in Older Adults at Increased Dementia Risk
Authors: Cardona Maria Isabel , Luppa Melanie , Zülke Andrea , Kroeber Eric S. , Bauer Alexander , Döhring Juliane , Escales Catharina , Brettschneider Christian , Frese Thomas , Kosilek Robert P. , Gensichen Jochen , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , König Hans-Helmut , Wiese Birgitt , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Thyrian Jochen René
Published: June 2024

While regular physical-activity (PA) is beneficial, multimorbid individuals at increased dementia risk may exhibit reduced PA levels. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of mediating factors responsible for inactivity in this population is needed. This study investigated the impact of a multimodal intervention on PA changes at 24-month follow-up and associated mediating factors among community-dwelling patients aged 60-77, with increased dementia risk determined by the CAIDE Dementia Risk Score. Of 1030 participants recruited, 819 completed the assessment. Thus, a generalized estimating equations model initially assessed differences in PA over 24 months, followed by a tree analysis identifying mediating factors influencing PA changes post-intervention. While no significant effect on regular PA was found during the follow-up ( P = .674), subgroup analysis revealed improved self-efficacy ( P = .000) associated with increased engagement in PA. Incorporating self-efficacy elements into future strategies is crucial for promoting PA among individuals with multimorbidity and at increased dementia risk.
The Utility of Expert-Rated and Self-Report Assessments of Youth Psychopathic Traits for Predicting Felony Recidivism Among Formerly Incarcerated Youth
Authors: Allen Corey H. , Maurer J. Michael , Gullapalli Aparna R. , Edwards Bethany G. , Aharoni Eyal , Anderson Nathaniel E. , Harenski Carla L. , Kiehl Kent A.
Published: June 2024

Psychopathic traits assessed with expert-rated instruments are well-established predictors for both general and violent felony recidivism outcomes in adjudicated youth. However, it is not clear whether self-report assessments of psychopathic traits show similar predictive value. The current study evaluated both expert-rated (i.e., the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version [PCL:YV]) and self-report measures (i.e., the Childhood Psychopathy Scale, Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits, Antisocial Process Screening Device, and the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory) assessing youth psychopathic traits for predicting general and violent felony recidivism among formerly incarcerated high-risk male adolescents ( n = 275). Scores on both expert-rated and self-report instruments were significantly associated with a shorter time to felony rearrest into early adulthood (with an average follow-up window of 11 years). However, the expert-rated PCL:YV, but not self-report measures, provided significant utility for predicting violent felony arrest. These results suggest that in general, youth psychopathic traits, regardless of the specific instrument used, are predictors of general felony rearrest outcomes, while the expert-rated PCL:YV alone provides utility for predicting the most severe crimes (i.e., violent felonies). The strengths and limitations of the assessment modalities are discussed.
A Letter to My Friend and Chaplain Colleague Imam Sohaib Sultan, Zichrono Livracha (of Blessed Memory)
Authors: Zoosman Cantor Michael J.
Published: June 2024

I am a Jewish chaplain and I felt moved to write this letter to my esteemed colleague Imam Sohaib Sultan, of blessed memory. Sohaib and I each experienced our first unit of Clinical Pastoral Education together as part of the same cohort in the summer of 2008. Sohaib died tragically in 2021. Here, I reflect on how we might respond to the current Israel-Hamas War.
Mourning for Strangers: Black Women, Sequelae, and the Digital Afterlife of Police Violence
Authors: Malone Gonzalez Shannon , Buggs Shantel Gabrieal , Jackson J’Mauri
Published: June 2024

Based on 32 in-depth interviews with black women, this paper analyzes the racialized and gendered impact of vicarious exposure to police encounters on social media. We draw from Smith’s (2016) sequelae to describe the lingering effects of anti-black state violence, particularly grief and mourning. For Black women, the manifestation of sequelae from online exposure includes: a) amplification of police brutality, b) identification with victims, c) expressions of grief, and d) prolonged mourning. We argue research should contend with the digital landscape when examining psychological effects of police violence to understand anti-black police violence’s impact on gendered racial mental health disparities.
Time With Rapid Change of Glucose
Authors: Christensen Mia , Nørgaard Louise Jung , Bohl Mette , Bibby Bo Martin , Hansen Klavs Würgler
Published: June 2024

Background:

A variety of metrics are used to describe glycemic variation, some of which may be difficult to comprehend or require complex strategies for smoothing of the glucose curve. We aimed to describe a new metric named time with rapid change of glucose (TRC), which is presented as percentage of time, similar to time above range (TAR), time in range (TIR), and time below range (TBR).

Method:

We downloaded glucose data for 90 days from 159 persons with type 1 diabetes using the Abbott Freestyle Libre version 1. We defined TRC as the proportion of time (%) with an absolute rate of change of glucose > 1.5 mmol/L/15 minutes (1.8mg/dL/min) corresponding to a minimum rate of change for glucose in the 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dL) range within 1 hour. TRC is related to the other glucose variability metrics: CV within day (CVw) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE).

Results:

The more than 1.27 million glucose rates were t-location scale distributed with SD 0.91 mmol/L/15 min (1.1 mg/dL/15 min). The median TRC was 6.9% (IQR 4.5%-9.5%). The proportion of TRC with positive slope was 3.9% (2.6%-5.3%) and significantly higher than the proportion with negative slope 2.8% (1.5%-4.4%) P < .001. TRC correlated with CVw and MAGE (Spearman’s correlation coefficient .56 and .65, respectively, P < .001).

Conclusion:

TRC is proposed as an easily perceived metric to compare the performance of hybrid or fully automated closed-loop insulin delivery systems to obtain glucose homeostasis.
Diving Into the Health Problems of Competitive Divers: A Systematic Review of Injuries and Illnesses in Pre-elite and Elite Diving Athletes
Authors: Currie Benjamin M. , Drew Michael K. , Hetherington Michael , Waddington Gordon , Brown Nicholas A.T. , Toohey Liam A.
Published: June 2024

Context:

The Olympic sport of diving involves the competitive disciplines of 3 m springboard and 10 m platform. Although it is generally accepted that lumbar spine injuries are common in diving athletes, the existing literature of health problems in diving athletes remains scarce.

Objective:

To identify the incidence, prevalence, and type of health problems that occur in competitive diving athletes.

Data Sources:

Medline, EMBASE, SportsDiscus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar.

Study Selection:

Studies written in English investigating elite or pre-elite competitive diving (springboard, platform) injuries and/or illnesses were eligible. Two independent reviewers screened for inclusion by title, abstract, and full text in accordance with the eligibility criteria.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Data Extraction:

Data extraction was completed by 1 author using a structured form. A second author then independently reviewed and verified the extracted data, any discrepancies were resolved through consensus.

Results:

The search identified 2554 potential articles, with 28 studies meeting eligibility criteria. The surveillance setting of most studies was restricted to competition-based events, with the reported injury incidence proportion ranging from 2.1% to 22.2%. The reported injury incidence rate ranged from 1.9 to 15.5 per 1000 athlete-exposures. Injuries to the shoulder, lower back/lumbar spine, trunk, and wrist/hand were reported most frequently. The prevalence of low back pain was reported as high as 89% (lifetime), 43.1% (period), and 37.3% (point). The illness incidence proportion ranged from 0.0% to 22.2%, with respiratory and gastrointestinal illness reported most frequently.

Conclusion:

Up to 1 in 5 diving athletes sustain an injury and/or illness during periods of competition. A reporting bias was observed, with most cohort studies limiting surveillance to short competition-based periods only. This limits the current understanding of the health problems experienced by diving athletes to competition periods only and requires expansion to whole-of-year surveillance.