bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grisel-Syndrom bei einem Vorschulkind
Authors: Boltz Almut
Published: July 2022

Das
Grisel-Syndrom, benannt nach Pierre Grisel (1869–1959), ist eine selten
auftretende Komplikation des kindlichen Schiefhalses. Eine Entzündung im
HNO-Bereich breitet sich auf die ligamentären Strukturen der oberen Kopfgelenke
aus und bewirkt dort eine Aufweichung. Dies kann atraumatisch oder traumatisch bedingt
sein und zu einer atlantoaxialen Fixation oder Subluxation führen. Es werden 4
Schweregrade nach Fielding unterschieden. Die Zeit bis zur Diagnose und Therapie sollte
4 Wochen nicht überschreiten.
Die Osteopathie aus Sicht der ärztlichen Osteopathen
– eine qualitative Interviewstudie
Authors: Puiseau Alexander Waubert de , Belz Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Eine Verbindung zwischen Osteopathie und Schulmedizin
lässt sich aufgrund der Ursprünge der Osteopathie nicht bestreiten.
Osteopathische und ärztliche Verbände befinden
sich seit jeher im berufspolitischen Streit um das Berufsbild.
Ziel dieser Studie ist es herauszufinden, ob eine Verwandtschaft
zwischen Osteopathie und Schulmedizin tatsächlich
besteht und wie sich diese bei der Arbeit am Patienten umsetzen
lässt. Hierfür eignet sich die Berufsgruppe der ärztlichen
Osteopathen als Gesprächspartner, da sie mit den jeweiligen
Argumentationsweisen vertraut sind. Nicht nur
berufspolitisch, sondern auch bezüglich möglicher interdisziplinärer
Kooperationen hat diese Thematik eine hohe Relevanz.
Prenatal Diagnosis, Associated Findings, and Postnatal Outcome in Fetuses with Double Inlet Ventricle (DIV)
Authors: Böckenhoff Paul , Hellmund Astrid , Gottschalk Ingo , Berg Christoph , Herberg Ulrike , Geipel Annegret , Gembruch Ulrich
Published: July 2022

Purpose To assess the spectrum of associated cardiac anomalies, the intrauterine course, and postnatal outcome of fetuses with double inlet ventricle (DIV).

Methods Retrospective analysis of prenatal ultrasound of 35 patients with DIV diagnosed between 2003 and 2021 in two tertiary referral centers in Germany. All fetuses underwent fetal echocardiography and a detailed anomaly scan. Postnatal outcome and follow-up data were retrieved from pediatric reports.

Results 33 cases of DIV were correctly diagnosed prenatally. 24 fetuses (72.7%) had a double inlet ventricle with dominant left (DILV), 7 (21.2%) with dominant right ventricular morphology (DIRV), and 2 cases (6%) with indeterminate morphology (DIIV). 4 (16.6%) were Holmes hearts. 5 of the 7 fetuses (71.4%) with DIRV had a double outlet right ventricle (DORV). Malposition of the great arteries was present in 84.8%. Chromosomal abnormalities were absent. Termination of pregnancy was performed in 8 cases (24.2%). 24 fetuses (72.7%) were live-born. 5 (20.8%) were female and 19 (79.2%) were male. The median gestational age at birth was 38+2.5 weeks. All but one child received univentricular palliation. The median follow-up time was 5.83 years with an adjusted survival rate of 91.6% (22 of 24 live-born children). There was one case of Fontan failure at 15.7 years.

Conclusion DIV remains a major cardiac malformation although both prenatal diagnostics and cardiac surgery have improved over the years. The course of pregnancy is commonly uneventful. All children need univentricular palliation. The children are slightly physically limited, develop a normal intellect, and attend school regularly.
Nephrogenic Adenoma of Bladder—An Unusual Mimicker of Malignancy
Authors: Sajitha Kaliyath , Kishan Prasad Hosapatna Laxminarayana , Pai Narendra , Bhat Shubha P
Published: July 2022

Nephrogenic adenoma also referred to as nephrogenic metaplasia is a rare benign condition occurring most frequently in the urinary bladder. It is most commonly associated with chronic inflammation and genitourinary trauma and can present with a broad spectrum of histological features. It must be differentiated from malignant lesions, which can mimic both at cystoscopy and microscopically. Here, we report a case of nephrogenic adenoma in a middle-aged male with predisposing factors.
Establishing a New Neurointerventional Facility in a Remote Area of a Low–Middle Income Country (LMIC): Initial Experience
Authors: Yadav Nishtha , Kumar Ambuj , Hedaoo Ketan , Jain Anivesh , Singh Kamalraj , Vikram Aditya
Published: July 2022

Background Timely performed Neurointervention procedures in patients with neurovascular disorders save them from mortality and lifelong morbidity, in addition to relieving the immense economic and social burden associated with these diseases.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed data of neurointerventions performed in our hospital from November 2019 till March 2021. Patient age, sex, diagnosis, preoperative, and postoperative imaging findings were collected and analyzed. Types of procedures, success/failure, procedure-related and procedure-unrelated complications were noted and described.

Results Total 161 procedures were done (diagnostic n = 89, therapeutic n = 72). Among the 72 cases of therapeutic procedures, angiographic success was noted in 60 cases, partial success was noted in 5 cases (RR grade 3 occlusion) and failure was noted in 7 cases [mechanical thrombectomy (n = 2), coiling (n = 1), flow diverter (n = 1), Caroticocavernous fistula (n = 1), cerebral Arteriovenous malformation (n = 2)]. Among therapeutic cases (n = 72), patient outcome was categorized as improved (with mRS 0-2 at discharge) in 64 cases (60 neurointerventions, 4 converted to surgery), morbidity in form of weakness was noted in 2 cases, mortality was noted in 8 cases. There were no hemorrhagic complications due to rupture or dissection. Ischemic complications were noted in form of thromboembolic complications in three cases and vessel occlusion (delayed MCA occlusion) in one case.

Conclusion With recent efforts by medical associations and governments to provide access to these lifesaving, disability averting neuro-interventions, it’s important to recognize and define challenges in implementation of neuro-intervention services. In this article, we share our early experience in establishing a neurointervention facility in a backward region of a low–middle income country.
On the dissipation of conforming and discontinuous Galerkin schemes for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Chen Xi , Drapaca Corina
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we improve the numerical performance of the classical conforming finite element schemes for the time-dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations by adding dissipation. This is a physics-inspired approach, and the dissipative terms are constructed through the discontinuity of numerical quantities across interior edges and, therefore, decouple the space and time discretizations when compared with the streamline-upwind Petrov–Galerkin for the time-marching methods. In particular, the order of h (edge diameter) in the dissipative terms is motivated by the energy stability and error equation associated with the unsteady problem. Furthermore, we point out that the added dissipation may also be viewed as an alternative for the grad-div stabilization from the physical approach in the unsteady problem. The added dissipation is naturally within the framework of the variational multiscale and thus could serve as implicit subgrid-scale models in large eddy simulations. Numerical experiments with a jump of the gradient are performed. In addition, we test the ideas with the discontinuous Galerkin formulations. Numerical results indicate that our suggested dissipation is helpful in reducing numerical errors and is competitive when compared with other conventional stabilization available in the literature. Finally, we show that the changes in the physical role of the same terms may significantly change their corresponding numerical behaviors through examples on the steady problems.
High adsorption performances of graphene aerogel for various liquid organics
Authors: Tang Bo , Liu Jiayuan , Liu Ke , Wang Zhengwei , Ren Shoulong
Published: July 2022

Graphene aerogel (GA) and N doped GA (N-GA) are prepared by the hydrothermal method with various times, and their adsorption abilities are estimated by using gasoline, ethyl acetate, and phenol. The adopted hydrothermal reaction time inflicts a fundamental influence on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) area and porosities of the resulting samples. Moreover, the residual amount of surface functional groups of GA and the doping ratio of the N element are also controlled by the reaction time, which enhances the interaction between the N-GA and various adsorbates as well as the adsorption capacities by the heighten polarity. The presence of the N element further enhances the obtained adsorption performances because of the increased active sites, although the BET area and porosity of the N-GA slightly decrease. The optimized sample displays high adsorption properties and potential application prospects, and the adsorption amounts of gasoline, ethyl acetate, and phenol by using N-GA-5 reach 8.4, 11.3, and 12.2 g g−1, respectively.
Richtmyer--Meshkov instability with ionization at extreme impact conditions
Authors: Huang Shenghong , Zhang Jiawei , Ding Juchun , Luo Xisheng
Published: July 2022

Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) under extreme impacting conditions is studied via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with an electron force field (eFF) model. It is revealed that the strong loading ionizes materials into heavy ions and free electrons, and subsequently, a quasi-steady electron/ion separation zone is established across the shock front because free electrons can move quickly to regions ahead of the shock wave. The electron/ion separation zone propagates at the same velocity as that of the shock wave, and its width and strength remain nearly constant. Based on this observation, a simple charge distribution profile is proposed for microscopic RMI with ionization, with which an analytical model for interface acceleration caused by electric field force can be derived. A nondimensional parameter (η), which is defined as the ratio of the flow domain length to the length of the charge separation zone, is proposed. When η exceeds a certain value, the charge density distribution is similar to that of macroscopic RMI with ionization, and thus, an acceleration model for macroscopic RMI can be derived. Finally, a nonlinear model for the perturbation growth of macroscopic RMI with ionization is achieved by incorporating the acceleration model to the potential flow theory of Q. Zhang and W. Guo [“Universality of finger growth in two-dimensional Rayleigh–Taylor and Richtmyer–Meshkov instabilities with all density ratios,” J. Fluid Mech. 786, 47–61 (2016)]. The validity of the model is verified by the present large-scale eFF MD simulation and experimental results obtained with the Nova laser.
A report on radon emission from bauxitic material in Perth, Manchester, Jamaica
Authors: Williams Jullian C. B. , Voutchkov Mitko , James-Williamson Sherene A.
Published: July 2022

Bauxitic soils in Jamaica are enriched with rare earth elements and other heavy minerals/elements by up to two orders of magnitude relative to bedrock. Geochemical evidence supports the origin of Jamaican bauxite as volcanic ash fall-out from Central America and windblown dust from West Africa. Jamaican bauxite, by virtue of its possible igneous origins, is suspected of being a source of radioactive material. The potential concentration and mobility of radon gas from bauxite waste is an environmental health and safety risk. Therefore, this paper investigates the theoretical radon concentrations and exposure rates in the bauxite mining community in Perth, Manchester. Results from the study show that the exposure rates in the Perth community are all below the recommended 1 WLM/yr. Therefore, radon from the bauxite waste is not a concern for radiation exposure and could be a potential recycled material for brick and other low-income housing materials in Jamaica.
Superhydrophobic surfaces to reduce form drag in turbulent separated flows
Authors: Mollicone J.-P. , Battista F. , Gualtieri P. , Casciola C. M.
Published: July 2022

The drag force acting on a body moving in a fluid has two components, friction drag due to fluid viscosity and form drag due to flow separation behind the body. When present, form drag is usually the most significant between the two, and in many applications, streamlining efficiently reduces or prevents flow separation. As studied here, when the operating fluid is water, a promising technique for form drag reduction is to modify the walls of the body with superhydrophobic surfaces. These surfaces entrap gas bubbles in their asperities, avoiding the direct contact of the liquid with the wall. Superhydrophobic surfaces have been vastly studied for reducing friction drag. We show they are also effective in reducing flow separation in turbulent flow and therefore in reducing the form drag. Their conceptual effectiveness is demonstrated by performing direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow over a bluff body, represented by a bump inside a channel, which is modified with different superhydrophobic surfaces. The approach shown here contributes to new and powerful techniques for drag reduction on bluff bodies.
Numerical study on improving the performance of a descaling tool for solving scale failure in oil and gas wellbore
Authors: Huang Zhihong , Wang Hanxiang , Chen Shengshan , Liu Yanxin , Che Jiaqi , Shang Fanqing , Liu Jiachun
Published: July 2022

Mineral precipitation or scale formation in oil and gas wellbore is recognized as an obstacle to hydrocarbon recovery. A method using computational fluid dynamics for structure optimization of downhole descaling tools is presented in this paper. The effects of key parameters, such as the nozzle structure style, cone angle, and incidence angle on the descaling performance, are systemically investigated. Numerical results indicate that the cone nozzle has higher jet efficiency because of its smoother velocity and pressure changes, as well as less energy loss. Under the conditions considered, key parameters of the downhole descaling tool are optimized as an incidence angle of 10° and a cone angle of 14°. Furthermore, the numerical results are validated with experimental results, in which the average error between the experimental and numerical results is ∼7.1%. The proposed numerical approaches can accurately predict the jetting status, which consequently has technical guiding significance for the design of downhole descaling tools.
Circulation collapses in turbulent liquid metals
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: July 2022

The liquids’ opacity makes it impossible to look at their flow structure. Instead, researchers listen to it.
Supplementation of reduced protein diets with
Authors: Dao Hiep Thi , Sharma Nishchal K. , Kheravii Sarbast K. , Bradbury Emma J. , Wu Shu-Biao , Swick Robert A.
Published: July 2022

Context The impact of necrotic enteritis (NE) on acute-phase proteins, interleukins, blood mineral profiles, and gene expression have not been well documented. Aims This study aimed to determine the effects of l-arginine (Arg) or l-citrulline (Cit) supplementation on serum immunological parameters, serum mineral composition and gene expression in broilers fed reduced-protein diets (RP) during subclinical NE challenge. Methods Ross 308 cockerels (n = 720) were randomly assigned to six experimental treatments, with eight replicates of 15 birds per pen. The treatments were standard protein without and with NE challenge (SP−, SP+); reduced protein (2% points lower crude protein) without and with NE challenge (RP−, RP+), RP plus added Arg (103% of Ross 308 requirement) with NE challenge (RPA+) and RPC+ where supplemental Arg in RPA+ was replaced with Cit. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was employed for the first four treatments. Additionally, treatments SP+, RP+, RPA+, and RPC+ were analysed by one-way ANOVA. Key results The NE × protein interactions indicated that serum calcium concentration decreased in birds fed the RP diets only when challenged with NE (P < 0.05). The NE × protein interactions showed that the NE challenge downregulated the mRNA expression of jejunal y+ L amino acid transporter-2, and mucin 2 only in birds fed the RP diets (P < 0.05). Feeding the RP decreased expression of catenin alpha 1, but increased expression of claudin 5 and tight junction protein genes compared with the SP (P < 0.05). Birds in the RPC+ treatment had increased gene expression of tight junction protein and claudin 5 compared with the SP+ treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary protein level and infection with NE both have an impact on immune response and expression of genes involved in immunity and nutrient digestibility. In part replacement of Arg with Cit in the RPC diet may have beneficial effects on gene expression in NE-challenged birds. Implications Feeding RP diets may alleviate a decline in growth during subclinical NE by increasing gene expression of tight junction proteins compared with the SP diets.
负面情感立场标记
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhang Jing-yu , Zeng Jian-yu
Published: July 2022

本研究基于70小时约30万字的自建湖南吉首方言口语语料库，首先从句法位置、句子功能及韵律特征三个维度归纳句中小品词“呔”的核心句法功能及基本语法意义；然后对7个不同会话场景中句中小品词“呔”的分布进行定量统计，并对相关语料展开会话分析。研究发现，句中小品词“呔”是一个标示说话人抱怨和责备情绪的“负面情感立场标志”。受到高频效应和语言使用者心理认知等因素影响，加之与韵律、句法、会话序列位置、会话参与者交际目标及语境等诸多因素产生互动并衍生出反讽、惊奇和同情等情感立场标示功能，但说话人抱怨和责备的情绪仍然不同程度存在。
基于上述分析，本研究尝试从理论层面对小品词本质作出重新认识，即“小品词的具体义项、话语功能和句法结构以互动方式形成一个紧密联系的整体，且三者均为交互过程中所“浮现之物”，在会话互动过程中又与多种因素产生互动而不断被塑造。小品词作为一种语言资源，同时又为交际参与者提供与同类协作管理、相互评价等工具，以保证会话交互的顺利推进。
Associating pathways with diseases using single-cell expression profiles and making inferences about potential drugs
Authors: Sharma Madhu , Jha Indra Prakash , Chawla Smriti , Pandey Neetesh , Chandra Omkar , Mishra Shreya , Kumar Vibhor
Published: July 2022

Finding direct dependencies between genetic pathways and diseases has been the target of multiple studies as it has many applications. However, due to cellular heterogeneity and limitations of the number of samples for bulk expression profiles, such studies have faced hurdles in the past. Here, we propose a method to perform single-cell expression-based inference of association between pathway, disease and cell-type (sci-PDC), which can help to understand their cause and effect and guide precision therapy. Our approach highlighted reliable relationships between a few diseases and pathways. Using the example of diabetes, we have demonstrated how sci-PDC helps in tracking variation of association between pathways and diseases with changes in age and species. The variation in pathways–disease associations in mice and humans revealed critical facts about the suitability of the mouse model for a few pathways in the context of diabetes. The coherence between results from our method and previous reports, including information about the drug target pathways, highlights its reliability for multidimensional utility.
Efficient cell chatting between embryo and uterus ensures embryo implantation
Authors: Deng Wenbo , Wang Haibin
Published: July 2022

Embryo implantation is one of the hottest topics during female reproduction since it is the first dialogue between maternal uterus and developing embryo whose disruption will contribute to adverse pregnancy outcome. Numerous achievements have been made to decipher the underlying mechanism of embryo implantation by genetic and molecular approaches accompanied with emerging technological advances. In recent decades, raising concepts incite insightful understanding on the mechanism of reciprocal communication between implantation competent embryos and receptive uterus. Enlightened by these gratifying evolvements, we aim to summarize and revisit current progress on the critical determinants of mutual communication between maternal uterus and embryonic signaling on the perspective of embryo implantation to alleviate infertility, enhance fetal health, and improve contraceptive design.
Utility of a Test-to-Return Strategy to Identify Individuals With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Prekindergarten Through Grade 12 School Setting—District of Columbia, January 2022
Authors: Samson Marsha E , Still William L , Mark-Carew Miguella , Jarris Daniel K , Idris Areej , van Zyl André , Addo David , Ashley Patrick , Ike Otto J , Thomas Ebony S , Mangla Anil T , Nesbitt LaQuandra S
Published: July 2022

The highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant led to increased hospitalizations, staffing shortages, and increased school closures. To reduce spread in school-aged children during the Omicron peak, the District of Columbia implemented a test-to-return strategy in public and public charter schools after a 2-week break from in-person learning.
Psychiatric Disorders in Adult and Paediatric Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Arp Laura , Jansson Sabine , Wewer Vibeke , Burisch Johan
Published: July 2022

Background

Inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], which are associated with a high disease burden, are also reported to be accompanied by a high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. However, the literature on IBD and psychiatric disorders has not been reviewed.

Methods

This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines, and its protocol was registered at PROSPERO [ID: CRD42020214359]. PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO were consulted for the literature search. Studies reporting on diagnosed psychiatric disorders in IBD were included. Pooled prevalence rates were calculated using random effects meta-analyses. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale [NOS].

Results

Sixty-nine studies were identified with an average cohort size of 60 114 patients. Pooled prevalence rates were: mood disorders, 10% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7%; 15%); anxiety disorders, 12% [95% CI = 8%; 18%]; substance misuse, 3% [95% CI = 1%; 7%]; psychotic disorders, 2% [95% CI = 1%; 4%]; behavioural disorders, 1% [95% CI = 0%; 3%]; personality disorders, 3% [95% CI = 1%; 10%]; developmental disorders, 1% [95% CI = 0%; 3%]; and behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually during childhood, 1% [95% CI = 1%; 3%]. All analyses had high statistical heterogeneity [I2 > 99%]. Seven studies reported an increased risk of suicide in IBD patients compared to controls.

Conclusion

The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities was high [11–82%] in patients with IBD and was higher than in the background population. Addressing mental health problems in patients with IBD can improve their adherence to treatment and the somatic disease course and, consequently, reduce morbidity and mortality.
Age-related differences in foraging behaviour at sea and interactions with fishing vessels in an opportunistic urban gull
Authors: Gimeno Míriam , García José Antonio , Afán Isabel , Aymí Raül , Montalvo Tomás , Navarro Joan
Published: July 2022

Fishing activity generates high amounts of fishing discards, a predictable anthropogenic food subsidies used by seabirds. Although the use of discards by these predators has been well studied, there is a lack of knowledge about the ontogenetic differences in their use. We contributed to filling this gap for the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), an opportunistic predator that extensively exploits anthropogenic food subsides. We investigated its foraging behaviour during the early breeding season deploying GPS devices on adults, immatures, and juveniles from the urban population of Barcelona (northwestern Mediterranean Sea) and examining the effect of fishing vessels on their spatial movements using a Vessel Monitoring System. The results revealed age-related differences in distribution and foraging behaviour at sea and an interaction with fishing vessels in this seabird. Age-related differences in behaviour were explained by the reproductive constraints of adults and the ontogenetic differences associated with lower foraging ability in immature and juvenile individuals. We did not find apparent preferences for a specific type of fishing vessel between ages. These results suggest that the reform of the Common Fisheries Policy might affect the entire population of this species, that could lead to an increase in the use of urban environments, increasing the conflicts with human activities.
Web Augmentation for Well-Being: the Human-Centred Design of a Takeaway Food Ordering Digital Platform
Authors: Goffe Louis , Chivukula Shruthi Sai , Bowyer Alex , Bowen Simon , Toombs Austin L , Gray Colin M
Published: July 2022

Online services have become increasingly centralized, drawing on notions of the ‘platform economy’ to focus on ecosystem value rather than user value. In parallel, there have been efforts by developers to augment these platforms, empowering platform users in the process. We explored a 12-month participatory-action project, focusing on redesigning portions of Just Eat, an online aggregator for takeaway food ordering, building upon theoretical perspectives from public health and Digital Civics. We document our experiences in identifying user behaviours and motivations across multiple design workshops, including the design of a web-augmentation–based template to disrupt platform provider behaviours, empower service users and increase individual agency. Through this case study, we identify opportunities and mechanisms for platform modification, linking augmentation to adversarial design with outcomes that have the potential to improve the well-being of platform users.
Porcine endometrial heat shock proteins are differentially influenced by pregnancy status, heat stress, and altrenogest supplementation during the peri-implantation period
Authors: Adur Malavika K , Seibert Jacob T , Romoser Matthew R , Bidne Katie L , Baumgard Lance H , Keating Aileen F , Ross Jason W
Published: July 2022

Heat stress (HS) deleteriously affects multiple components of porcine reproduction and is causal to seasonal infertility. Environment-induced hyperthermia causes a HS response (HSR) typically characterized by increased abundance of intracellular heat shock proteins (HSP). Gilts exposed to HS during the peri-implantation period have compromised embryo survival, however if (or how) HS disrupts the porcine endometrium is not understood. Study objectives were to evaluate the endometrial HSP abundance in response to HS during this period and assess the effect of oral progestin (altrenogest; ALT) supplementation. Postpubertal gilts (n = 42) were artificially inseminated during behavioral estrus (n = 28) or were kept cyclic (n = 14), and randomly assigned to thermal neutral (TN; 21 ± 1 °C) or diurnal HS (35 ± 1 °C for 12 h/31.6 ± 1 °C for 12 h) conditions from day 3 to 12 postestrus (dpe). Seven of the inseminated gilts from each thermal treatment group received ALT (15 mg/d) during this period. Using quantitative PCR, transcript abundance of HSP family A (Hsp70) member 1A (HSPA1A, P = 0.001) and member 6 (HSPA6, P < 0.001), and HSP family B (small) member 8 (HSB8, P = 0.001) were increased while HSP family D (Hsp60) member 1 (HSPD1, P = 0.01) was decreased in the endometrium of pregnant gilts compared to the cyclic gilts. Protein abundance of HSPA1A decreased (P = 0.03) in pregnant gilt endometrium due to HS, while HSP family B (small) member 1 (HSPB1) increased (P = 0.01) due to HS. Oral ALT supplementation during HS reduced the transcript abundance of HSP90α family class B member 1 (HSP90AB1, P = 0.04); but HS increased HSP90AB1 (P = 0.001), HSPA1A (P = 0.02), and HSPA6 (P = 0.04) transcript abundance irrespective of ALT. ALT supplementation decreased HSP90α family class A member 1 (HSP90AA1, P = 0.001) protein abundance, irrespective of thermal environment, whereas ALT only decreased HSPA6 (P = 0.02) protein abundance in TN gilts. These results indicate a notable shift of HSP in the porcine endometrium during the peri-implantation period in response to pregnancy status and heat stress.
A Grounded Theory Approach to Navigating Infertility Care During U.S. Military Service
Authors: Buechel Jennifer , Spalding Carmen N , Brock Whitney W , Dye Judy L , Todd Natalie , Wilson Candy , Fry-Bowers Eileen K
Published: July 2022

Introduction

In this study, we aimed to understand how active duty service members and their partners navigate the infertility care process within the Military Health System (MHS) while managing a military career.

Materials and Methods

We obtained Institutional Review Board approval to employ a qualitative design using grounded theory methods. We recruited participants using purposive sampling, followed by theoretical sampling. We derived data from demographic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Consistent with grounded theory methods, we began analysis with line-by-line coding and moved to focused coding. We employed constant comparative analysis throughout the process to name, categorize, and conceptualize data and relationships.

Results

The participants included 28 patients, five partners, nine health care providers, and two military leaders. The infertility care process began with active duty service members and their partners recognizing the desire to have a child and discovering infertility, followed by deciding to seek infertility care. The experience was temporally bound within the context of the military environment. We identified the following themes, which described facilitators and barriers to accessing care: Duty station location, career stage, military versus the civilian cost of services, command climate, and policy. These facilitators and barriers varied widely across the Department of Defense (DoD), which resulted in fragmented and inconsistent care cycles, contributed to emotional and physical stress, and created tension between career progression and family formation.

Conclusions

Understanding how military couples perceive and manage demands of infertility care may enhance access to care, decrease patient costs, improve outcomes, result in better support for military couples who experience infertility, and ultimately improve the health and military readiness of our armed forces. The results support the need for action by providers, policy makers, and military leaders to develop effective infertility treatment programs and policies in the DoD.
Decades-long variations in NS-LMXBs observed with MAXI/GSC, RXTE/ASM, and Ginga/ASM
Authors: Asai Kazumi , Mihara Tatehiro , Matsuoka Masaru
Published: July 2022

We investigate the decades-long X-ray variations in bright low-mass X-ray binaries containing a neutron star (NS-LMXBs). The light curves of MAXI/GSC and RXTE/ASM cover ∼26 yr, and high-quality X-ray light curves are obtained from 33 NS-LMXBs. Among these, together with Ginga/ASM, two sources (GX 3+1 and GX 9+1) showed an apparent sinusoidal variation with respective periods of ∼5 and ∼10 yr in the 34 yr light curve. Their X-ray luminosities were (1–4) × 1037 erg s−1 in the middle of the NS-LMXB luminosity distribution. Seven other sources (Ser X-1, 4U 1735−444, GX 9+9, 4U 1746−37, 4U 1708−40, 4U 1822−000, and 1A 1246−588) have similar sinusoidal variations, although the profiles (amplitude, period, and phase) are variable. Compering the 21 sources with known orbital periods, one possible cause of the long-term sinusoidal variation might be mass-transfer cycles induced by irradiation to the donor star.
The plant ESCRT component FREE1 regulates peroxisome-mediated turnover of lipid droplets in germinating Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Huang Shuxian , Liu Zhiqi , Cao Wenhan , Li Hongbo , Zhang Wenxin , Cui Yong , Hu Shuai , Luo Mengqian , Zhu Ying , Zhao Qiong , Xie Lijuan , Gao Caiji , Xiao Shi , Jiang Liwen
Published: July 2022

Lipid droplets (LDs) stored during seed development are mobilized and provide essential energy and lipids to support seedling growth upon germination. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are the main neutral lipids stored in LDs. The lipase SUGAR DEPENDENT 1 (SDP1), which hydrolyzes TAGs in Arabidopsis thaliana, is localized on peroxisomes and traffics to the LD surface through peroxisomal extension, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report a previously unknown function of a plant-unique endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) component FYVE DOMAIN PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR ENDOSOMAL SORTING 1 (FREE1) in regulating peroxisome/SDP1-mediated LD turnover in Arabidopsis. We showed that LD degradation was impaired in germinating free1 mutant; moreover, the tubulation of SDP1- or PEROXIN 11e (PEX11e)-marked peroxisomes and the migration of SDP1-positive peroxisomes to the LD surface were altered in the free1 mutant. Electron tomography analysis showed that peroxisomes failed to form tubules to engulf LDs in free1, unlike in the wild-type. FREE1 interacted directly with both PEX11e and SDP1, suggesting that these interactions may regulate peroxisomal extension and trafficking of the lipase SDP1 to LDs. Taken together, our results demonstrate a pivotal role for FREE1 in LD degradation in germinating seedlings via regulating peroxisomal tubulation and SDP1 targeting.
Signature of primordial non-Gaussianity on the 21 cm power spectrum from dark ages
Authors: Yamauchi Daisuke
Published: July 2022

We study the signature of primordial non-Gaussianity imprinted on the power spectrum of the 21 cm line differential brightness temperature during dark ages. Employing the perturbative treatment of gravitational clustering, we quantitatively estimate the effects of the non-Gaussian and one-loop corrections on the 21 cm power spectrum. The potential impact of the use of the 21 cm power spectrum for the constraint on local-type primordial non-Gaussianity is investigated based on the Fisher matrix analysis. Our results show that the 21 cm power spectrum for an array with a baseline of several tens of kilometers can constrain the primordial non-Gaussianity to a level severer than that from cosmic microwave background measurements, and its constraining power is stronger than that of the 21 cm bispectrum, while in the ultimate situation the 21 cm bispectrum eventually becomes more powerful.
TheĜ-Index of a Spin, Closed, Hyperbolic Manifold of Dimension 2 Or 4
Authors: Ratcliffe John G , Tschantz Steven T
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we develop general techniques for computing the Atiyah–Singer $\hat G$-index of a spin, closed, hyperbolic 2- or 4-manifold and apply these techniques to compute the $\hat G$-index of the fully symmetric spin structure of the Davis hyperbolic 4-manifold.
Recurrence rate of venous thromboembolic events in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Nevares Alana , Yaseen Kinanah , Tamaki Hiromichi , Bena James , Messner William , Villa-Forte Alexandra
Published: July 2022

Objective

The incidence of first-time venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) is high in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). The incidence of recurrent VTEs is unknown. We aimed to describe the recurrence rate of second VTEs in patients with GPA.

Methods

Retrospective chart review was performed in patients with GPA and at least one VTE at a single centre from 2002 to 2016. Inclusion criteria were 1990 ACR criteria or 2012 Revised International Chapel Hill nomenclature for GPA, at least two follow-up visits, at least one VTE during the study period, and VTE occurrence after or within 3 months before GPA diagnosis. Second VTE event-free survival rates were estimated.

Results

Out of 147 patients initially screened for GPA and with at least one VTE, 84 met inclusion criteria. Median age at first VTE was 57 years. Incidence rate for second VTE was 8.4 events per 100 patient-years (95% CI: 5.7, 12.3). Eighty-three point three per cent of first VTEs and 57.7% of second VTEs occurred when disease was active (P < 0.001). Renal involvement and constitutional symptoms at the time of first VTE were associated with VTE recurrence.

Conclusion

GPA has a high rate of VTE recurrence compared with the reported data in the general population with unprovoked VTE. Our results suggest that VTE in GPA is a recurrent co-morbidity, not always during active vasculitis, and more so in those with renal involvement and constitutional symptoms at the time of first VTE.
Cell osteogenic bioactivity mediated precisely by varying scaled micro-pits on ordered micro/nano hierarchical structures of titanium
Authors: Zhang Yanmei , Wang Xiankuan , Li Yaxian , Liang Jianhe , Jiang Pinliang , Huang Qiaoling , Yang Yun , Duan Hongping , Dong Xiang , Rui Gang , Lin Changjian
Published: July 2022

Hierarchical surface structures with micro–nano scale play a crucial role in regulation of cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. It has been proven that cells are extremely sensitive to the nanoscaled structure and show multifarious phenotypes. Though a vital function of microstructure on osseointegration has been confirmed, the cell performances response to different microscaled structure is needed to be further dissected and in depth understood. In this work, the ordered micro–nano hierarchical structures with varying micro-scaled pits were precisely fabricated on titanium successfully by the combination of electrochemical, chemical etching and anodization as well. In vitro systematical assessments indicated that the micro–nano multilevel structures on titanium exhibited excellent cells adhesion and spreading ability, as well as steerable proliferation and osteogenic differentiation behaviors. It is shown that smaller micro-pits and lower roughness of the hierarchical structures enabled faster cell propagation. Despite cell growth was delayed on micro–nano titanium with relatively larger cell-match-size micro-pits and roughness, osteogenic-specific genes were significantly elevated. Furthermore, the alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen secretion and extracellular matrix mineralization of MC3T3-E1 on multi-scaled titanium were suppressed by a large margin after adding IWP-2 (an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway), indicating this pathway played a crucial part in cell osteogenic differentiation modulated by micro–nano structures.
Pathways to Refugee Protection for Women: Victims of Violence or Genuine Lesbians?
Authors: Dustin Moira
Published: July 2022

Failures in UK decision-making for women seeking protection from gender-based violence vary depending on the claimant’s (purported) sexuality. These failures are attributable, at least in part, to the application of the particular social group Refugee Convention ground which channels claims along two distinct pathways: one path, for women assumed to be straight, focuses on the violence that threatens them; in contrast, for lesbian and bisexual women, the focus is on their sexuality. In either case, the claimant’s autonomy and individuality is eclipsed, but different stereotypes come into play depending on her (imputed) sexuality. This article argues that greater use of the political opinion Convention ground, and a holistic, rights-based approach would improve refugee status determination for all women, regardless of their sexuality.
Effectiveness of an integrated primary care intervention in improving psychosocial outcomes among Latino adults with diabetes: the LUNA-D study
Authors: Castañeda Sheila F , Gallo Linda C , Garcia Melawhy L , Mendoza Paulina M , Gutierrez Angela P , Lopez-Gurrola Maria , Roesch Scott , Pichardo Margaret S , Muñoz Fatima , Talavera Gregory A
Published: July 2022

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of usual care (UC) versus a culturally tailored integrated care model in improving mental health symptoms for Latino patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

We conducted a two-arm randomized controlled trial from 2015 to 2019 at a federally qualified health center. Participants were 456 adults ages 23–80 years who had a previous diagnosis of T2DM and were not currently using insulin. Participants were randomly assigned to Integrated Care Intervention (ICI; including behavioral/mental healthcare, medical visits, health education and care coordination) or UC; standard of care including referrals for health education and behavioral/mental health care where appropriate. Intention-to-treat, multilevel models were used to compare group × time changes in depression and anxiety symptoms (PHQ-8; GAD-7) and perceived stress (PSS-10) across 6 months.

Results

Participant mean age was 55.7 years, 36.3% were male, and 63.7% were primarily Spanish speaking. Baseline sociodemographic factors and mental health symptoms across study arms were balanced. Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for anxiety and depression symptoms (p < .05). Within the ICI and UC groups, mean depression symptom changes were −0.93 and −0.39 (p < .01); anxiety symptom changes were −0.97 (p < .01) and −0.11 (p = .35); and perceived stress changes were −1.56 and −1.27 (p < .01), respectively.

Conclusions

Although both ICI and UC showed decreases over time, the ICI group evidenced larger, statistically significant changes in both depression and anxiety. Adapted integrated models of behavioral and chronic disease management appear to be effective and could be considered for usual care practices.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

NCT03983499
Evidence-Based Considerations for the Design of an Open-Source Ventilator: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dave Chintan , Sivajohan Asaanth , Basmaji John , Slessarev Marat
Published: July 2022

OBJECTIVE:

To inform the design of open-source ventilators, we performed a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to consolidate the evidence on mechanical ventilation strategies that result in improved patient-important outcomes for acute hypoxic respiratory failure.

DATA SOURCES:

We developed a search strategy to identify relevant CPGs from Ovid Medline, Ovid Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Mendeley, and Google scholar from 2010 to February 17, 2022.

STUDY SELECTION:

Using a two-step screening process with two independent reviewers, we included CPGs that made recommendations on mechanical ventilation strategies of interest. Guidelines that reported at least one recommendation about mechanical ventilation in ICU patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure were included.

DATA EXTRACTION:

From the 13 eligible guidelines, we collected data on country, aim, patient population, impact on morbidity and mortality (effect size and CIs), recommendations, strength of Recommendation (as per Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations), and details of supporting evidence base.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

We identified three ventilation strategies that confer a mortality and morbidity benefit for ventilated patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure: low-tidal volume ventilation, plateau pressures of less than 30 cm H2O, and higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). These moderate-to-strong recommendations were based on moderate-to-high certainty in evidence. We identified several other recommendations with no or minimal certainty in evidence.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our systematic review of international CPGs identified no recommendations favoring specific mode of ventilation and three ventilation strategies that confer mortality and morbidity benefits, backed by moderate-to-strong evidence. Ventilator design teams must include the ability to consistently provide and measure low-tidal volume ventilation, plateau pressures of less than 30 cm H2O, and higher PEEP into their designs. Based on our findings, we provide the first public framework for open-source ventilator design.
Mystery Shopper Assessment of PrEP Service Delivery Quality for Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kohler Pamela , Larsen Anna , Sila Joseph , Wilson Kate , Abuna Felix , Lagat Harison , Owiti George , Owens Tamara , Pintye Jillian , Richardson Barbra , John-Stewart Grace , Kinuthia John
Published: July 2022

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and adherence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) may be negatively influenced by poor interactions with health care providers. We assessed PrEP counseling using unannounced standardized patient actors (USPs) at routine care clinics in Kenya. Trained actors posed as AGYW seeking PrEP services following case scripts and completed a checklist of provider adherence to national guidelines and communication skills. Scores were converted into a percentage and compared using linear regression. The overall mean quality score was 52.1 and varied across case scripts: a married new initiator yielded higher scores than portrayals of adherence/stigma challenges, transactional sex, and a minor adolescent. Mean guideline scores (31.4) were lower than communication scores (72.8), although in 36.5% of encounters, USPs stated they would not seek help from that provider again. Unannounced standardized patients reported provider reluctance to offer PrEP to AGYW. Interventions to strengthen provider counseling skills are needed.
Induction of antigenic immune tolerance to delay type 1 diabetes – challenges for clinical translation
Authors: Wesley Johnna D. , Pagni Philippe P. , Bergholdt Regine , Kreiner Frederik Flindt , von Herrath Matthias
Published: July 2022

Purpose of review

Dissect the field of antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) in type 1 diabetes (T1D), highlighting the major barriers currently blocking clinical translation.

Recent findings

ASIT remains a promising approach in T1D to re-establish the proper balance in the immune system to avoid the autoimmune-mediated attack or destruction of beta-cells in the pancreas. Despite some encouraging preclinical results, ASIT has not yet successfully translated into clinical utility, predominantly due to the lack of validated and clinically useful biomarkers.

To restore immune tolerance towards self-antigens, ASIT aims to establish a favourable balance between T effector cells and T regulatory cells. Whilst most ASITs, including systemic or oral administration of relevant antigens, have appeared safe in T1D, meaningful and durable preservation of functional beta-cell mass has not been proven clinically. Development, including clinical translation, remains negatively impacted by lack of predictive biomarkers with confirmed correlation between assay readout and clinical outcomes. To be able to address the high unmet medical need in T1D, we propose continued reinforced research to identify such biomarkers, as well efforts to ensure alignment in terms of trial design and conduct.
Running footstrike pattern effect on lower extremity work in an individual with transtibial amputation
Authors: Djafar Tatiana E. , Stewart Julianne M. , Collins John D. , Kingsbury Trevor D.
Published: July 2022

Asymmetrical loading favoring the intact limb during running has been associated with increased prevalence of reported knee pain and potential risk factors of knee osteoarthritis in that limb for patients with amputation. Footstrike pattern alterations have been suggested to help alleviate some overloading of the knee, but little is known about how it affects the rest of the limb. The purpose of this case study was to evaluate the effect of footstrike pattern on the distribution of loading throughout the lower extremities during submaximal running of an individual with transtibial amputation (TTA). This study compared loading distribution among the lower extremity joints in a male patient who sustained a TTA and ran using both a rearfoot (RFS) and forefoot strike (FFS) pattern. The results of this case demonstrated that altering footstrike pattern minimally alters the total mechanical work being done by the lower extremities but more so affects the relative amount of work contributed by the individual joints. In the intact limb, the ankle contributes the most to power absorption using a FFS pattern while the knee has a larger role using a RFS pattern. This case suggests that the footstrike pattern affects lower extremity loading distribution at the joint level, and adopting a FFS pattern may alleviate overloading the knee, whereas a RFS pattern may reduce loading at the ankle in individuals with TTA.