bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic functional network connectivity and its association with lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zang Feifei , Liu Xinyi , Fan Dandan , He Cancan , Zhang Zhijun , Xie Chunming ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Metabolomics Consortium
Published: September 2024

Aims

The study aims to examine the changing trajectory characteristics of dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) and its correlation with lipid metabolism‐related factors across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) spectrum populations.

Methods

Data from 242 AD spectrum subjects, including biological, neuroimaging, and general cognition, were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative for this cross‐sectional study. The study utilized a sliding‐window approach to assess whole‐brain dFNC, investigating group differences and associations with biological and cognitive factors. Abnormal dFNC was used in the classification of AD spectrum populations by support vector machine. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the relationships between lipid‐related indicators, dFNC, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and cognitive performance.

Results

Significant group difference concerning were observed in relation to APOE‐ε4 status, CSF biomarkers, and cognitive scores. Two reoccurring connectivity states were identified: state‐1 characterized by frequent but weak connections, and state‐II characterized by less frequent but strong connections. Pre‐AD subjects exhibited a preference for spending more time in state‐I, whereas AD patients tended remain in state‐II for longer periods. Group difference in dFNC was primarily found between AD and non‐AD participants within each state. The dFNC of state‐I yielded strong power to distinguish AD from other groups compared with state‐II. APOE‐ε4+, high polygenic score, and high serum lipid group were strongly associated with network disruption between association cortex system and sensory cortex system that characterized elevation of cognitive function, which may suggest a compensatory mechanism of dFNC in state‐I, whereas differential connections of state‐II mediated the relationships between APOE‐ε4 genotype and CSF biomarkers, and cognitive indicators.

Conclusion

The dysfunction of dFNC temporal–spatial patterns and increased cognition in individuals with APOE‐ε4, high polygenic score, and higher serum lipid levels shed light on the lipid‐related mechanisms of dynamic network reorganization in AD.
Long‐term outcomes after cleft lift surgery for pilonidal sinus disease in post‐pubertal adolescents: data from a prospective Danish cohort
Authors: Ankersen J. L. , Faurschou I. K. , Hougaard H. T. , Doll D. , Oetzmann von Sochaczewski C. , Sørensen M. , Pedersen A. G. , Haas S.
Published: September 2024

Aim

Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common condition. Despite a relatively large proportion of patients presenting as post‐pubertal adolescents, only small cohorts focusing on this PSD subcategory have been published, and surgical treatment remains challenging.

Method

The study is based on a prospective database established at Randers Regional Hospital in 2016. All patients undergoing Bascom's cleft lift (BCL) surgery from June 2016 until June 2020 were included in this study, focusing on patients ≤18 years of age comparing them to adult patients. Indications for BCL surgery were primary extensive manifestation, non‐healing disease after previous elective surgery or disease recurrence.

Results

In total, n = 380 PSD patients were operated, of which n = 79 were post‐pubertal adolescents with a median age at time of surgery of 17.2 years (interquartile range 16.3, 18.0). Sixty‐six (84%) were boys. Twenty‐seven (34%) presented with primary extensive manifestation, 34 (43%) due to non‐healing wounds and 18 (23%) due to recurrence. Fifty‐four patients (69%) healed uneventfully. There was no difference between the indications of surgery groups in terms of overall healing or time to healing if prolonged (P = 0.6). The median follow‐up was 62 months (interquartile range 48, 73), with a 5‐year recurrence rate of 19%, compared to 17% (P = 0.6) in the adult population.

Conclusion

Our study is the first to investigate long‐term clinical outcomes of BCL surgery for PSD in post‐pubertal adolescent patients. Recurrences seem to occur more frequently compared to adults. However, we demonstrate that post‐pubertal adolescent patients with advanced PSD can be treated with BCL surgery with acceptable outcomes.
Diabetes mellitus and adverse clinical events in patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the GLORIA‐AF registry phase III
Authors: Liu Yang , Chen Yang , Lam Steven H. M. , Huang Bi , Romiti Giulio F. , Alam Uazman , Chao Tze Fan , Olshansky Brian , Hong Kui , Huisman Menno V. , Lip Gregory Y. H. ,   the GLORIA‐AF Investigators
Published: September 2024

Aims

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are both associated with adverse clinical events, but the associations have not been fully elucidated, particularly with concomitant insulin use. This study aimed to analyse the associations between adverse events and DM, as well as adverse events and sole insulin use.

Materials and Methods

Our analysis included individuals with AF from the prospective Global Registry on Long‐Term Oral Anti‐Thrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA‐AF) registry with 3‐year follow‐up. Outcomes included all‐cause death, major bleeding, cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, thromboembolism and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Results

A total of 15 861 AF individuals were included (age 70.0 ± 10.2 years; 55% male, 20% Asian), of whom, 3666 had DM (age 70.0 ± 9.5 years ; 59% male, 21% Asian). After adjustment, those with DM had higher risks of all‐cause death (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–1.66), CV death (HR: 1.53 95% CI: 1.27–1.86), major bleeding (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.48), MI (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.17–1.94) and MACE (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.23–1.63). Compared to individuals with DM receiving oral hypoglycaemic agents, those receiving insulin alone were associated with increased risks of all‐cause death (HR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.61–2.91), CV death (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.45–3.47), major bleeding (HR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1. 21–2.95), MI (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.31–3.82) and MACE (HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.54–2.88).

Conclusions

DM was independently associated with higher risks of all‐cause death, CV death, MI, major bleeding and MACE in AF individuals. Individuals receiving insulin alone were associated with higher risks of all‐cause death, CV death, MI, major bleeding and MACE.
PERfect Day: reversible and dose‐dependent control of circadian time‐keeping in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus by translational switching of PERIOD2 protein expression
Authors: McManus David , Patton Andrew P. , Smyllie Nicola J. , Chin Jason W. , Hastings Michael H.
Published: September 2024

The biological clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) orchestrates circadian (approximately daily) rhythms of behaviour and physiology that underpin health. SCN cell‐autonomous time‐keeping revolves around a transcriptional/translational feedback loop (TTFL) within which PERIOD (PER1,2) and CRYPTOCHROME (CRY1,2) proteins heterodimerise and suppress trans‐activation of their encoding genes (Per1,2; Cry1,2). To explore its contribution to SCN time‐keeping, we used adeno‐associated virus–mediated translational switching to express PER2 (tsPER2) in organotypic SCN slices carrying bioluminescent TTFL circadian reporters. Translational switching requires provision of the non‐canonical amino acid, alkyne lysine (AlkK), for protein expression. Correspondingly, AlkK, but not vehicle, induced constitutive expression of tsPER2 in SCN neurons and reversibly and dose‐dependently suppressed pPer1‐driven transcription in PER‐deficient (Per1,2‐null) SCN, illustrating the potency of PER2 in negative regulation within the TTFL. Constitutive expression of tsPER2, however, failed to initiate circadian oscillations in arrhythmic PER‐deficient SCN. In rhythmic, PER‐competent SCN, AlkK dose‐dependently reduced the amplitude of PER2‐reported oscillations as inhibition by tsPER2 progressively damped the TTFL. tsPER2 also dose‐dependently lengthened the period of the SCN TTFL and neuronal calcium rhythms. Following wash‐out of AlkK to remove tsPER2, the SCN regained TTFL amplitude and period. Furthermore, SCN retained their pre‐washout phase: the removal of tsPER2 did not phase‐shift the TTFL. Given that constitutive tsCRY1 can regulate TTFL amplitude and period, but also reset TTFL phase and initiate rhythms in CRY‐deficient SCN, these results reveal overlapping and distinct properties of PER2 and CRY1 within the SCN, and emphasise the utility of translational switching to explore the functions of circadian proteins.
Artificial intelligence in applied family research involving families with young children: A scoping review
Authors: Lee Joyce Y. , Ahn Eunhye , Xu Amy , Yang Yuanyuan , Chang Yujeong , Cha Hunmin , Ammari Tawfiq
Published: September 2024

Objective

This scoping review systematically examined the applied family science literature involving families raising young children to understand how relevant studies have applied artificial intelligence (AI)‐facilitated technologies.

Background

Family research is exploring the application of AI. However, there is a critical need for a review study that systematically examines the varied use of AI in applied family science to inform family practitioners and policymakers.

Method

Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in nine databases. Of the 10,022 studies identified, 21 met inclusion criteria: peer‐reviewed journal article; published between 2014–2024; written in English; involved the use of AI in collecting data, analyzing data, or providing family‐centered services; included families raising young children 0–5 years; and was quantitative in analysis.

Results

Most studies focused on maternal and child health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries. All studies identified were in the AI use domain of data analysis, with 76% of the studies having a focus on identifying the most important predictors. Random forest performed as the best machine learning model. Only one study directly mentioned the ethical use of AI.

Conclusion

Overall, the applied family science evidence base that employs AI is limited in size and scope, with most studies using AI for data analysis purposes with limited ethical considerations.

Implications

AI models in applied family science can inform family services and policies aimed at promoting family and child health. However, thoughtful consideration of AI ethics and fairness is needed to prevent the negative social impacts of AI on marginalized groups of families and their young children.
Macroinvertebrate, algal and diatom assemblages respond differently to both drying and wetting transitions in non‐perennial streams
Authors: Busch Michelle H. , Boersma Kate S. , Cook Stephen C. , Jones C. Nathan , Loflen Chad , Mazor Raphael D. , Stancheva Rosalina , Price Adam N. , Stubbington Rachel , Zimmer Margaret A. , Allen Daniel C.
Published: September 2024

Biological assemblages in streams are influenced by hydrological dynamics, particularly in non‐perennial systems. Although there has been increasing attention on how drying impacts stream organisms, few studies have investigated how specific characteristics of drying and subsequent wetting transitions influence biotic responses via resistance and resilience traits.

Here, we characterized how hydrologic metrics, including those quantifying drying and wetting transitions as well as dry and wet phases, alter diversity and composition of three aquatic assemblages in non‐perennial streams in southern California: benthic macroinvertebrates, soft‐bodied algae and diatoms.

We found that flow duration prior to sampling was correlated with variation in macroinvertebrate and soft‐bodied algal assemblage composition. The composition and richness of diatom assemblages, however, were predominantly influenced by the drying start date prior to sampling. Contrary to other studies, the duration of the dry phase prior to sampling did not influence the composition or richness of any assemblage. Although our study was conducted within a region in which each assemblage experienced comparable environmental conditions, we found no single hydrologic metric that influenced all assemblages in the same way.

The hot‐summer Mediterranean climate of southern California likely acts as a strong environmental filter, with taxa in this region relying on resistance and resilience adaptations to survive and recolonize non‐perennial streams following wetting. The different responses of algal and diatom assemblages to hydrologic metrics suggest greater resilience to drying and wetting events, particularly for primary producers.

As drying and wetting patterns continue to change, understanding biodiversity responses to hydrologic metrics could inform management actions that enhance the ecological resilience of communities in non‐perennial streams. In particular, the creation and enhancement of flow regimes in which natural timing and duration of dry and wet phases sustain refuges that support community persistence in a changing environment.
Optimization of tribocatalytic performance by modifying the concentration of oxygen vacancies in KSr2Nb4TaO15 ceramics
Authors: Lin Shirong , Meng Yingzhi , Pan Changbing , Yuan Zhi , Ou Luanhai , Ke Shanjun , Hu Changzheng , Lei Xiuyun , Liu Laijun
Published: September 2024

In recent years, catalytic degradation driven by mechanical‐energy tribocatalysis has gained much attention. Point defects play very important on the catalytic activity of ferroelectric oxides. In this study, we focus on the influence of oxygen vacancies on the catalyst performance of ferroelectric oxide KSr2Nb4TaO15 (KSNT) with a tetragonal tungsten bronze structure. The concentration of oxygen vacancies is modified by sintering atmosphere. The KSNT sintered in N2 atmosphere exhibits the best tribocatalytic degradation efficiency of 96.7% within 2 h for degradation rhodamine B due to high concentration of oxygen vacancies. The excellent degradation efficiency is attributed to the defect energy level of KSNT and high electron–hole separation efficiency. This work reveals the relationship between oxygen vacancies and tribocatalysis efficiency, which is helpful to design and modify the new ferroelectric oxides for tribocatalysis.
Slurry material extrusion of chopped carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide ceramic matrix composites (CMCs)
Authors: Cox Kyle R. , Marconie Tess D. , Barger Raina A. Shreiner , Motwani Karan M. , Youngblood Jeffrey P. , Trice Rodney W.
Published: September 2024

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a useful high temperature ceramic due to its excellent mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. In this study, monolithic SiC and chopped carbon fiber reinforced (Cf)/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) were additively manufactured via direct ink writing (DIW). Samples employing five different print paths were prepared from SiC and 10 vol.% Cf/SiC inks. All parts were pressurelessly sintered, with relative densities of 96% measured for samples prepared from both inks. Electron and optical microscopy were used to show a high degree of fiber alignment parallel to the direction of the print. Thus, CMC architectures consistent with the print paths were created when printing the 10 vol.% Cf/SiC inks. Characteristic flexure strengths for monolithic SiC and 10 vol.% Cf/SiC CMC samples were the same for the 0° print path, measuring 360–375 MPa. Fiber pullout was observed on the fracture surface of the 10 vol.% Cf/SiC CMCs. The Weibull modulus for the 10 vol.% Cf/SiC CMC samples (10.7) was greater than the monolithic SiC samples (7.4); the trend of fibers narrowing the distribution of failure strengths was consistent for the other print paths investigated.
What Will the Delivery Robots Bring Us Tomorrow?
Authors: Kaiser Ronja , De Benedetto Surya , Planing Patrick , Müller Patrick
Published: September 2024

Autonomous delivery robots offer a promising solution to the challenges of last mile logistics, a crucial topic in times of increasing logistics volume, environmental concern, and ongoing urbanization. This study investigates the acceptance of such robots in various application scenarios for last mile delivery in Germany. A first, quantitative, study investigating the overall acceptance of autonomous delivery robots for the primary predominant usage scenarios of meal and package delivery tested an adapted technology acceptance model via a structural equation model. A second, qualitative, study was conducted to better understand possible future use cases for these robots included semistandardized interviews with 14 individuals and employed a qualitative content structuring analysis method for data analysis. The results of Study 1 confirm that performance expectancy and effort expectancy influence the acceptance of delivery robots, with performance expectancy and behavioral intention being significantly higher for the package than for meal deliveries. However, in both cases, the average intention to use these robots only slightly exceeded the scale mean. Study 2 reveals that autonomous delivery robots are perceived as more convenient than existing alternatives in grocery and pharmaceutical delivery and return processing. The further application of emergency situations, such as illness or the risk of infection, also emerged from the data; even respondents who generally reject the idea of such robots would still use them in such exceptional situations. These results should be considered in the further development of autonomous delivery robot systems.
Research in advances in the bioactivity of plant polyphenols
Authors: Ji Wenmin , Chen Feng , Chen Zhiqiang , Jiang Hua
Published: September 2024

Plant polyphenols are the secondary metabolites of plants, with a wide variety of types and diverse structures. At present, many phenolic compounds and their derivatives have been isolated and identified from nature. Common plant polyphenolic compounds have a polyhydroxyl structure, most of which are found in the plants seen in daily life, and most of them have poor water solubility. Due to the existence of polyhydroxyl structure, most plant polyphenols have strong biological activities such as antioxidant, anti‐bacterial and anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, regulation of blood glucose and blood lipid, and anti‐obesity, which are of great research value and broad application prospects. In addition, plant polyphenols have been widely used in food and have become a trendy research topic. Therefore, in this paper, the classifications of plant polyphenols, current status of their bioactivity research and their application in food were analysed, providing reference value for the research and utilisation of plant polyphenols.
National Implementation of a Crisis Resolution Home Treatment (CRHT) Team in Malta: Insights From the First Two Years of Operation
Authors: Sammut Francesca , Calleja Doreen , Abela Manwel , Grech Giovanni
Published: September 2024

Crisis Resolution Home Treatment (CRHT) teams have become a widespread alternative to psychiatric hospitalisation. Despite their popularisation, Malta has only recently introduced a CRHT team. The aims of the current study were to investigate (i) patient characteristics, (ii) factors influencing patients' length of follow‐up (LoFU) and (iii) predictors of clinical outcomes. Descriptive and quantitative non‐identifiable data were collected and analysed for patients utilising the CRHT service within its first 2 years of operation (n = 643). One‐way ANOVA tests investigated influencing factors for LoFU, whereas binary logistic regressions deduced predictive factors for clinical outcomes. Patients without acute psychiatric disorders had the shortest LoFU, indicating that the team received inappropriate referrals. Patients were most likely to have extended LoFU if they were diagnosed with OCD & related disorders and were most likely to be diagnosed with an underlying personality disorder if they were diagnosed with anxiety & phobic disorders. Continuity of care facilitates discharge planning. Patients receiving the CRHT service in Malta are most comparable with health systems that prefer to hospitalise patients with a higher risk profile. The high occurrence of personality disorders necessitates staff to have interdisciplinary knowledge and an appropriate skill mix.
Understanding Network Meta‐Analysis: A Practical Introduction for Nurses
Authors: Sharifnia Amir Masoud , Biros Erik , Cleary Michelle
Published: September 2024

Aims

This paper examines network meta‐analysis (NMA) as a methodological advancement in nursing research and discusses considerations for interpreting and applying NMA results in clinical practice.

Design and Methods

Methodological discussion.

Results

The NMA method simultaneously evaluates multiple interventions by combining direct and indirect evidence. The publication of NMA articles in nursing journals has been increasing. However, interpreting NMA results can be complex and challenging. In this paper, we outline the prerequisites and assumptions of NMA, provide a graphical representation, discuss effect estimation and quality of evidence and give an overview of applying NMA results in clinical practice.

Conclusion

NMA is a valuable analytical approach in nursing research that can provide high‐level evidence to guide clinical decision‐making. Accurate interpretation of NMA findings is necessary to inform clinical practice. This paper serves as an introduction to NMA for nurses unfamiliar with the approach.

Implications for the Profession

NMA is a powerful statistical technique for assessing the relative effectiveness of different nursing interventions and informing evidence‐based nursing guidelines. When interpreting the results, nurses should consider the certainty of evidence and the practical value of the results and be cautious of misleading conclusions.

Impact

NMA is a recent analytical method in nursing research. This practical introduction seeks to enhance comprehension of NMA and the interpretation and application of NMA findings in clinical practice. NMA is a robust statistical technique to assess the relative effectiveness of various nursing interventions.

Reporting Method

In the methodological discussion guide, no new data was generated. A hypothetical dataset was used.

Patient or Public Contribution

This methodological paper contributes to understanding NMA and interpreting its results, integrating it into clinical practice, and improving patient outcomes.
Insights From the Supreme Court Decisions: Undesirable Consequences After Minimally Invasive Cosmetic Interventions in Türkiye
Authors: Yıldırım Mahmut Şerif , Koç Yıldırım Sema
Published: September 2024

Background

With the increasing demand for cosmetic procedures in recent years, the implementation of some of these procedures by unauthorized persons has led to undesirable results and subsequently to the creation of a large number of case files.

Aims

In this study, it is aimed to retrospectively evaluate the decision texts of the Turkish Supreme Court regarding minimally invasive cosmetic dermatology procedures and to evaluate the reasons and results of the applications reaching the high court in these procedures.

Methods

The Supreme Court's decisions in cases filed due to undesirable consequences caused by minimally invasive cosmetic interventions were scanned using the Supreme Court of Appeals' online database from 2013 to 2023.

Results

The majority of the procedures addressed by the lawsuits are carried out in beauty salons; laser epilation is the procedure that is conducted most frequently, and burns are the most prevalent complication (87.8%, 85.7%, and 77.6%, respectively). As an adverse event, 94.7% (n = 36) of burns occurred in beauty centers. Thirteen (26.5%) of the cases in our analysis were carried out by an unauthorized person. When laser epilation and other procedures are considered as two separate categories, in applications due to adverse events of laser epilation, 28 (66.7%) cases were concluded in favor of the defendant.

Conclusions

Complications, especially burns, that occur after laser epilation performed by unauthorized persons in beauty salons constitute a serious caseload, and there seems to be a need for better control mechanisms to reduce this burden.
Exploring Individual's Dynamic of Appraisal of Situational Aggression Average Score, Nursing Intervention and the Impact on Aggression
Authors: Simmons Melanie , Maguire Tessa , Daffern Michael
Published: September 2024

Introduction

The Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression (DASA) is used to appraise risk of imminent aggression in inpatient mental health settings.

Aim

We investigated whether individual patients' mean DASA scores over multiple consecutive time periods (a rolling DASA mean) improved predictive validity, beyond the ultimate DASA rating, and whether DASA ratings were associated with nursing intervention.

Method

Archival data were analysed using cox regression analyses. We investigated the predictive validity of rolling DASA mean models and calculated how many daily DASA ratings generated a mean score with the best model fit. Chi‐Squares with Odds Ratios were used to examine the effect of various aggression prevention intervention(s) on aggression means.

Results

Daily DASA ratings had strong predictive validity. Incorporating the ultimate score with the rolling 10‐day DASA mean slightly improved prediction. Limit setting was associated with an increased likelihood of aggression for low‐risk patients whereas reassurance was associated with increased aggressiveness for those at increased risk of aggression.

Discussion

Daily DASA ratings have strong predictive validity. Considering a 10‐day rolling DASA mean in addition to the current day DASA rating may improve prediction.

Implications for Practice

DASA ratings can forecast imminent aggression. Additionally, there may be value in considering ratings from the previous 10 days.
Addressing Medication Administration Safety Through Simulation: A Quasi‐Experimental Study Among Nursing Students
Authors: Shor Vlada , Kimhi Einat , Avraham Rinat
Published: September 2024

Healthcare institutions are dedicated to minimizing medication errors and promoting their reporting. This study investigates the impact of simulation on nursing students' attitudes toward and intention to report medication errors. A quasi‐experimental one‐group pre–post–test study was conducted. Third‐year nursing students (N = 63) participated in a scenario‐based simulation for medication administration. Participants' errors were documented. Participants self‐reported attitudes toward medication administration safety and intention to report errors. The most reported error was “contraindicated in disease” (61%). The simulation increased attitudes of preparedness by the training program received (p < 0.01) and belief in the patient's involvement in preventing errors (p < 0.01), and decreased the belief that professional incompetence reveals errors (p = 0.015). Intention to report errors was influenced by medication error training received (p = 0.045), confidence in error reporting (p < 0.001), and a sense of responsibility to disclose errors (p = 0.001). Simulation effectively shapes attitudes and intentions regarding medication error reporting. Improving nursing students' awareness, skills, and clinical judgment can foster a safety culture and potentially reduce patient harm. Future research should examine the long‐term effects of simulation and its impact on reducing medication errors.
The Effect of Simulation‐Based Training on the Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Practices of Palliative Caregivers: A Double‐Blind, Randomized, Controlled Single‐Center Study
Authors: Yalcin Atar Nurdan , Koc Murat
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of simulation‐based training on hand hygiene knowledge and practices among palliative caregivers. The study was conducted with 60 caregivers in a palliative care clinic between December 2022 and September 2023. The participants were divided into two groups by simple randomization. The intervention and control groups received the same hand hygiene theoretical education and demonstration. The intervention group also received additional simulation‐based hand hygiene practices recommended by the World Health Organization. A pretest‐posttest design was used to assess hand hygiene knowledge and practices. Data were collected with personal information, hand hygiene knowledge, and hand hygiene practice forms. Analysis of covariance was performed to compare posttest scores between the groups. Simulation‐based hand hygiene training programs offer an effective and feasible strategy to improve the hand hygiene knowledge and practices of caregivers. It should be integrated into clinical areas to increase palliative caregivers' hand hygiene knowledge and practices. Evidence‐based practices can be improved by increasing randomized controlled studies on the effectiveness of simulation‐based hand hygiene training for caregivers.

Trial Registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with registration number NCT05848596.
Evaluating Docking Site Local Hematoma Formation and Blood Flow on its Healing Using the Accordion Technique at the End of Tibial Bone Transport
Authors: Wang Dong , Liu Shao‐Huang , He Guo‐Yu , Zhang Ze , Li Juan , Zhang Ru‐Qi , Shi Jun‐Jun , Jia Ying‐Wei , Qiao Hu‐Yun , Liu Hong , Wang Bao‐Na , Qin Si‐He , Zhang Yong‐Hong
Published: September 2024

Objective

At present, due to the lack of early observation methods, the effect of the ‘accordion’ technique on the treatment of nonunion of the docking site varies greatly. In this study, color Doppler ultrasound was used to observe the docking site's local changes and investigate the relationship between local microenvironment changes and bone healing after the accordion technique.

Methods

30 patients with tibial bone transport treated at the Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, from May 2018 to June 2022, were analyzed retrospectively. Paired‐sample t‐tests were used for data that conformed to a normal distribution, and paired rank‐sum tests were used for before‐and‐after comparisons that did not conform to a normal distribution. There were 26 males and 4 females, aged 47.3 ± 11.7 years. Before bone transport, the defect gap between tibial bone ends was 6.80 ± 3.61 cm. The steps of the accordion technique were as follows: compression for 7 days, ultrasonic study of the microenvironment at the docking site, distraction for 12 days, latency for 7 days, compression for 14 days, then static fixation and radiological study until complete bone healing. Ultrasound was used to detect the size of the hematoma after 7 days of pressure, and the changes in blood flow before and after the ‘accordion' operation.

Results

All patients were followed up for 11.9 ± 1.9 months. At the last follow‐up, 22 patients achieved bone healing at the docking site after the treatment of the ‘accordion’ technique. There was a linear negative correlation between the size of the hematoma and the time of bone healing at the docking site (r = −0.639, p < 0.01). According to the Paley healing criteria, 18 of the 22 patients were excellent, and 4 patients were good.

Conclusion

Hematoma is necessary for the ‘accordion’ technique's success in the treatment of nonunion. The size of the hematoma is negatively related to the time of bone healing. The ‘accordion’ technique can increase the blood flow of tissue around the docking site. Ultrasound can be used to monitor the changes in the microenvironment at the docking site during the ‘accordion’ technique and guide the exact plan and prognosis of the ‘accordion’ technique.
Root Cortical Senescence Enhances Drought Tolerance in Cotton
Authors: Guo Congcong , Zhang Ke , Sun Hongchun , Zhu Lingxiao , Zhang Yongjiang , Wang Guiyan , Li Anchang , Bai Zhiying , Liu Liantao , Li Cundong
Published: September 2024

The root cortical senescence (RCS) is closely associated with root absorptive function. However, characteristics and responses of RCS to drought stress in cotton have received little attention. This study subjected the drought‐tolerant variety ‘Guoxin 02’ and the drought‐sensitive variety ‘Ji 228’ to drought stress (8% PEG6000) and no‐stress (0% PEG6000) treatments to determine the characteristics and responses of cotton RCS to drought stress. The results showed that the greater the distance from the root tip, the more severe the RCS occurrence under drought stress compared with non‐stress treatment. The occurrence of RCS in ‘Guoxin 02’ increased by 14.03%−20.18% compared to ‘Ji 228’ under drought stress. The RCS was negatively correlated with root respiration but positively correlated with root length and leaf water potential. The silencing of RCS‐related genes (GhSAG12 and GhbHLH121) can mitigate the drought‐induced RCS phenomenon in cotton; however, reduced drought tolerance. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment can promote RCS generation. Conversely, ABA synthesis exhibits contrasting effects. In summary, endogenous hormones regulated RCS, which reduced the root metabolic and seemingly achieved more resource redistribution to new roots, thereby fully utilize deep water resources. Thus, the study demonstrates the potential of RCS in improving the drought stress tolerance of cotton.
Single‐Cell RNA‐Sequencing of Soybean Reveals Transcriptional Changes and Antiviral Functions of GmGSTU23 and GmGSTU24 in Response to Soybean Mosaic Virus
Authors: Song Shuang , Wang Jing , Zhou Jiaying , Cheng Xiaofei , Hu Yuxi , Wang Jinhui , Zou Jianan , Zhao Ying , Liu Chunyan , Hu Zhenbang , Chen Qingshan , Xin Dawei
Published: September 2024

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) stands as a prominent and widespread threat to soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), the foremost legume crop globally. Attaining a thorough comprehension of the alterations in the transcriptional network of soybeans in response to SMV infection is imperative for a profound insight into the mechanisms of viral pathogenicity and host resistance. In this investigation, we isolated 50 294 protoplasts from the newly developed leaves of soybean plants subjected to both SMV infection and mock inoculation. Subsequently, we utilized single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to construct the transcriptional landscape at a single‐cell resolution. Nineteen distinct cell clusters were identified based on the transcriptomic profiles of scRNA‐seq. The annotation of three cell types—epidermal cells, mesophyll cells, and vascular cells—was established based on the expression of orthologs to reported marker genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The differentially expressed genes between the SMV‐ and mock‐inoculated samples were analyzed for different cell types. Our investigation delved deeper into the tau class of glutathione S‐transferases (GSTUs), known for their significant contributions to plant responses against abiotic and biotic stress. A total of 57 GSTU genes were identified by a thorough genome‐wide investigation in the soybean genome G. max Wm82.a4.v1. Two specific candidates, GmGSTU23 and GmGSTU24, exhibited distinct upregulation in all three cell types in response to SMV infection, prompting their selection for further research. The transient overexpression of GmGSTU23 or GmGSTU24 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in the inhibition of SMV infection, indicating the antiviral function of soybean GSTU proteins.
On the compatibility of established methods with emerging artificial intelligence and machine learning methods for disaster risk analysis
Authors: Thekdi Shital , Tatar Unal , Santos Joost , Chatterjee Samrat
Published: September 2024

There is growing interest in leveraging advanced analytics, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), for disaster risk analysis (RA) applications. These emerging methods offer unprecedented abilities to assess risk in settings where threats can emerge and transform quickly by relying on “learning” through datasets. There is a need to understand these emerging methods in comparison to the more established set of risk assessment methods commonly used in practice. These existing methods are generally accepted by the risk community and are grounded in use across various risk application areas. The next frontier in RA with emerging methods is to develop insights for evaluating the compatibility of those risk methods with more recent advancements in AI/ML, particularly with consideration of usefulness, trust, explainability, and other factors. This article leverages inputs from RA and AI experts to investigate the compatibility of various risk assessment methods, including both established methods and an example of a commonly used AI‐based method for disaster RA applications. This article utilizes empirical evidence from expert perspectives to support key insights on those methods and the compatibility of those methods. This article will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in risk‐analytics disciplines who leverage AI/ML methods.
Urethral caruncles
Authors: Harvey Naomi , Bottrell Kathryn , White Esme , Birnie Angela , Tipples Melanie
Published: September 2024

Key content:

Urethral caruncle is a common post‐menopausal finding.

This common benign lesion can be mistaken as a malignancy.

Management should be based on the patient's symptoms.

Vaginal estrogen should be considered as first‐line management before surgical excision.

Learning objectives:

To evaluate the symptomatic presentation of urethral caruncle.

To establish the differential diagnosis of a mass in the urethra.

To review the management options of urethral caruncle including medical and surgical excision.

To highlight primary care management of urethral caruncle.

Ethical issues:

Owing to poor recognition of urethral caruncle, many patients are put through the emotional distress of referral to cancer pathways.

Surgery should be considered first line for large urethral caruncle or in symptomatic patients.
On Liquid-Phase Transport Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Virus-Laden Drops
Authors: Seaba Sarah M. , Chen Lea-Der , Seaba James P.
Published: September 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 virus-laden drops from exhalation and sneezing have complex physicochemical and physiological properties. The virion typically ranges from 60–140 nm in diameter. The virus-carrying fluid is not pure water. A viral droplet comprises water (about 95%), proteins, mucins (glycoproteins), salts, and surfactants (DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine). The virus-carrying fluid can impact SARS-CoV-2 infectibility. A flow regime analysis of droplet evaporation shows the gas-phase transport will enter transitional or non-continuum flow regimes. A field volume/phase averaging of two immiscible fluids inside the drops is proposed. Based on a simplified 1-D model, the virus’s diffusion time scale is two to four orders of magnitude longer than the liquid water’s self-diffusion time scale for low virus loadings. With only water evaporating from the drops, the virus number density, species concentrations, and pH value change significantly. When the droplet reaches 96% of its lifetime, the molar concentration will increase to 125 times its initial value. An initial pH value of 6.45 will decrease to 4.35 — a more acidic condition favoring the virus infectivity. For future studies, we recommend that droplet lifetime analysis consider the coupled gas-phase transport (including the continuum effects) with the liquid-phase transport (including non-Fickian diffusion in micro/nanoscale).
Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics of Flow Boiling in Manifold Microchannel
Authors: Xu Jinjin , Zhang Jingzhi , Xin Gongming , Li Wei
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, there is a growing emphasis on the miniaturization and integration of electronic equipment in the field of advanced engineering. The increasing power of electronic devices and the trend towards miniaturization have resulted in higher levels of heat generation. Manifold Microchannels (MMC) heat sinks have emerged as effective solutions for managing the thermal challenges posed by high heat flux electronic devices. In comparison to traditional rectangular microchannels, the staggered fins in MMC induce stronger flow field disturbances, leading to a thinner thermal boundary layer and higher heat transfer coefficients. This study numerically investigates the thermal characteristics and pressure loss of flow boiling in staggered finned microchannels. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is utilized to capture the two-phase interfaces. All simulation cases are conducted under laminar flow conditions, with consideration given to solid-fluid thermal coupling. Specifically, the two-phase flow with HFE-7100 is analyzed. The inlet boundary is set at a constant velocity of 0.35 m/s, 0.565 m/s, and 0.78 m/s, while the heat flux on the bottom surface ranges from 300 W/cm2 to 450 W/cm2 at 319.15 K. The findings indicate that the heat transfer characteristics of staggered fins manifold microchannels outperform those of traditional rectangular manifold microchannels, except in the case of two-phase boiling flow at high heat flux and low flow rates.
Fully quantum algorithm for mesoscale fluid simulations with application to partial differential equations
Authors: Kocherla Sriharsha , Song Zhixin , Chrit Fatima Ezahra , Gard Bryan , Dumitrescu Eugene F. , Alexeev Alexander , Bryngelson Spencer H.
Published: September 2024

Fluid flow simulations marshal our most powerful computational resources. In many cases, even this is not enough. Quantum computers provide an opportunity to speed up traditional algorithms for flow simulations. We show that lattice-based mesoscale numerical methods can be executed as efficient quantum algorithms due to their statistical features. This approach revises a quantum algorithm for lattice gas automata to reduce classical computations and state preparation at every time step. For this, the algorithm approximates the qubit relative phases and subtracts them at the end of each time step. Phases are evaluated using the iterative phase estimation algorithm and subtracted using single-qubit rotation phase gates. This method optimizes the quantum resource required and makes it more appropriate for near-term quantum hardware. We also demonstrate how the checkerboard deficiency that the D1Q2 scheme presents can be resolved using the D1Q3 scheme. The algorithm is validated by simulating two canonical partial differential equations: the diffusion and Burgers' equations on different quantum simulators. We find good agreement between quantum simulations and classical solutions for the presented algorithm.
Comparing the Effects of Aqua- and Land-Based Active Cooldown Exercises on Muscle Soreness and Sport Performance: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Chin Edwin Chun-Yip , Chung-Nam Lai Steve , Tsang Sau-Fung , Ho-Ngai Chung Sam , Wong Yik-Long , Sran Navjot , Fung Kwok-Keung , Sun Fenghua
Published: September 2024

Objective: Limited research has directly compared the effectiveness of aqua- and land-based exercises for postexercise recovery. This study aimed to fill this gap by comparing the effects of these 2 types of exercises on postexercise recovery. Methods: Sixteen male college athletes participated in an 8-day experimental study. The initial 2 days were dedicated to determining the intensity levels for the muscle-damaging exercise and recovery jogging. In a crossover design, participants underwent 2 sets of experimental trials. They were randomly assigned to either an aqua or land recovery intervention for days 3 to 5, and after a 1-week washout period they switched to the opposite intervention for days 6 to 8. Muscle soreness, creatine kinase, anaerobic performance, countermovement-jump height, and flexibility were assessed at different time points: baseline, immediately after downhill running, within 1 hour after jogging, and 24 hours and 48 hours after aqua or land jogging. Results: Significant group × time interaction effects were detected in the perceived soreness of the hamstring and quadriceps. However, the post hoc analysis showed no significant difference between aqua and land jogging groups. No significant group × time interaction effect was observed in creatine kinase, anaerobic performance, countermovement-jump height, or flexibility. Conclusion: Aqua and land jogging have similar recovery effects on muscle soreness and performance-based parameters.
Physical Activity and Motor Skills in Parent–Child Dyads: Associations With Indoor and Outdoor Home Space
Authors: Palmer Stephanie A. , Scott-Andrews Katherine Q. , Ramirez Nancy G. , McKheen Alec , Robinson Leah E.
Published: September 2024

Indoor and outdoor home space may support physical activity (PA) and enhance motor skills (MS). However, there is limited knowledge about how indoor and outdoor home space affect PA and MS parent–child dyads. This cross-sectional study examined whether indoor and outdoor home spaces affect PA and MS in children and their parents. MS was measured with the Test of Gross Motor Development-3, and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed using accelerometry in 43 and 48 parent–child dyads, respectively. Indoor and outdoor home spaces were self-reported through an online questionnaire. Multiple regression models were fit to determine the relationship between indoor and outdoor home space and MS and MVPA in children and parents separately. Controlling for theory-based covariates, outdoor home space was positively associated with children’s MVPA (p < .05) and parents’ MS (p < .05) but negatively associated with parents’ MVPA (p < .05). Indoor home space was negatively associated with parents’ MS (p < .05). No other significant findings emerged. Findings suggest indoor and outdoor home spaces may play unique roles in supporting PA and MS among parent–child dyads and should be investigated in more rigorous studies.
Sport Participation Trajectories and Loneliness: Evidence From the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: Owen Katherine B. , Manera Karine E. , Clare Philip J. , Lim Michelle H. , Smith Ben J. , Phongsavan Philayrath , Lubans David R. , Qualter Pamela , Eime Rochelle , Ding Ding
Published: September 2024

Background: This study aimed to identify patterns of overall, team, and individual sport participation and examine the prospective associations between these patterns and loneliness in young people. Methods: We analyzed data from 4241 young people, from waves 3 (8–9 y) to 9 (20–21 y) of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. We conducted latent class analyses to identify overall and team versus individual sport participation trajectories and used adjusted log-Poisson regression models to examine the associations between these trajectories and loneliness at wave 9. Results: Latent class analyses identified 4 distinct overall sport participation classes which were labeled: nonparticipants (24%), dropouts (42%), initiators (7%), and consistent participants (27%). Compared with nonparticipants, consistent participants had a lower risk of loneliness (risk ratios = 0.69; 95% CIs, 0.59–0.81). Latent class analyses also identified 4 distinct team versus individual sport participation classes: team and individual sport nonparticipants (38%), individual sport participants (14%), moderate team sport participants (14%), and high team sport participants (34%). Compared with the team and individual sport nonparticipants, the high team sports participants had a lower risk of loneliness (risk ratios = 0.70; 95% CIs, 0.53–0.92). Conclusions: Young people who continued participating in sport in general, and particularly in team sport, had a reduced risk of loneliness. Continued participation in sports should be promoted to improve a range of physical, mental, and social health benefits. Furthermore, team-based sport can provide additional health and well-being benefits, including reduced loneliness due to the group nature of participation.