bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Καρδιαγγειακοί και αγγειογραφικοί παράμετροι έκβασης ενδοαγγειακής αντιμετώπισης χρόνιων στενώσεων αρτηριών κάτω άκρων και η συσχέτιση τους με μελλοντικά οξέα στεφανιαία επεισόδια και καρδιαγγειακούς θανάτους
Authors: Κοκκινίδης Δαμιανός
Published: August 2024

Οι μεταβλητές που μπορούν να προβλέψουν την επιτυχή ενδοαγγειακή αντιμετώπιση των ολικών αποφράξεων των αρτηριών των κάτω άκρων δεν είναι απόλυτα κατανοητές. Επιπρόσθετα, δεν είναι γνωστό αν αυτές οι δημογραφικές, κλινικές και αγγειογραφικές μεταβλητές σχετίζονται με το μελλοντικό καρδιαγγειακό ρίσκο των πολυαγγειακών ασθενών με χρόνιες oλικές απόφραξεις των αρτηριών των κάτω άκρων. Η διατριβή αυτή θα προσπαθήσει να ερευνήσει το κατά πόσο υπάρχουν συγκεκριμένες κλινικές καρδιαγγειακές ή αγγειογραφικές μεταβλητές που μπορούν να συσχετιστούν με την επιτυχή διάνοιξη των χρόνιων αποφράξεων των περιφερικών αγγείων των κάτω άκρων, αλλά και το κατά πόσο οι μεταβλητές αυτές σχετίζονται με μελλοντικά οξέα στεφανιαία επεισόδια αλλά και τη γενικότερη καρδιαγγειακή θνητότητα. Για τον σκοπό της διατριβής μελετήθηκαν 256 ασθενείς που υποβλήθηκαν σε επεμβάσεις ενδοαγγειακής αντιμετώπισης και επαναιμάτωσης (120 με χρόνιες ολικές αποφράξεις και 136 με στενώσεις αλλά χωρίς ολικές αποφράξεις των αρτηριών των κάτω άκρων). Οι ασθενείς με χρόνιες ολικές αποφράξεις είχαν μεγαλύτερα ποσοστά ιστορικού τελικού σταδίου νεφρικής ανεπάρκειας και εμφράγματος του μυοκαρδίου, υψηλότερα ποσοστά κρίσιμης ισχαιμίας τελικού σταδίου κάτω άκρων καθώς και κατά μέσο όρο βλάβες με μεγαλύτερο μήκος συγκριτικά με τους ασθενείς που είχαν στενώσεις αλλά όχι αποφράξεις. Ανάμεσα στις επεμβάσεις επαναιμάτωσης στους ασθενείς με χρόνιες ολικές αποφράξεις, η χρήση ασπιρίνης φάνηκε να έχει μια θετική συσχέτιση με την επιτυχημένη επέμβαση ενώ το ιστορικό κακοήθειας αντίθετα είχε αρνητική συσχέτιση. Η μη χρήση στατινών και η κρίσιμη ισχαιμία τελικού σταδίου κάτω άκρων είχαν συσχέτιση με μεγαλύτερη πιθανότητα καρδιαγγειακής θνητότητας μετά από έναν χρόνο παρακολούθησης ενώ η χρήση στατίνων και ασπιρίνης φάνηκε να έχουν μία συσχέτιση με τη μείωση του κινδύνου για οξέα στεφανιαία επεισόδια σε βάθος ενός χρόνου. Αντίθετα με άλλες σειρές, δεν βρήκαμε κάποια συσχέτιση του βαθμού επασβέστωσης των αγγείων και του μήκους της απόφραξης με τις πιθανότητες επιτυχίας της ενδοαγγειακής επέμβασης. Μεγαλύτερες μελέτες και παρακολούθηση των ασθενών για περισσότερα χρόνια μετά την αρχική επέμβαση θα βοηθήσουν στην περαιτέρω κατανόηση του ερωτήματος.
Uncertainty Propagation and Dynamic Robust Risk Measures
Authors: Moresco Marlon R. , Mailhot Mélina , Pesenti Silvana M.
Published: August 2024

We introduce a framework for quantifying propagation of uncertainty arising in a dynamic setting. Specifically, we define dynamic uncertainty sets designed explicitly for discrete stochastic processes over a finite time horizon. These dynamic uncertainty sets capture the uncertainty surrounding stochastic processes and models, accounting for factors such as distributional ambiguity. Examples of uncertainty sets include those induced by the Wasserstein distance and f-divergences. We further define dynamic robust risk measures as the supremum of all candidates’ risks within the uncertainty set. In an axiomatic way, we discuss conditions on the uncertainty sets that lead to well-known properties of dynamic robust risk measures, such as convexity and coherence. Furthermore, we discuss the necessary and sufficient properties of dynamic uncertainty sets that lead to time-consistencies of dynamic robust risk measures. We find that uncertainty sets stemming from f-divergences lead to strong time-consistency whereas the Wasserstein distance results in a new time-consistent notion of weak recursiveness. Moreover, we show that a dynamic robust risk measure is strong time-consistent or weak recursive if and only if it admits a recursive representation of one-step conditional robust risk measures arising from static uncertainty sets.

Funding: M. Mailhot and S. M. Pesenti acknowledge support from the Canadian Statistical Sciences Institute (CANSSI) and from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grants RGPIN-2015-05447, DGECR-2020-00333, and RGPIN-2020-04289]. M. R. Moresco thanks the Horizon Postdoctoral Fellowship for the support.
Decarbonising Steel Production
Authors: Excell Jon
Published: August 2024

Whilst steel is key to our low carbon future, its production is a leading cause of global CO2 emissions. The Engineer spoke to a panel of experts about progress in the development of so-called green steel production methods.
This Column was not Written by A Machine
Authors: Powell Gareth L.
Published: August 2024

People used to ask how many monkeys and typewriters it would take to reproduce the works of Shakespeare. Now, our resident science fiction author Gareth L. Powell asks if a chatbot can write a novel or paint a picture, and what that might mean for the future.
Trends, costs, and complications associated with after-hours surgery and unscheduled hospitalization in spinal surgery
Authors: Tanaka Tomoyuki , Sasaki Masanao , Katayanagi Junya , Hirakawa Akihiko , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yoshii Toshitaka , Jinno Tetsuya , Inose Hiroyuki
Published: August 2024

Aims

The escalating demand for medical resources to address spinal diseases as society ages is an issue that requires careful evaluation. However, few studies have examined trends in spinal surgery, especially unscheduled hospitalizations or surgeries performed after hours, through large databases. Our study aimed to determine national trends in the number of spine surgeries in Japan. We also aimed to identify trends in after-hours surgeries and unscheduled hospitalizations and their impact on complications and costs.

Methods

We retrospectively investigated data extracted from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, a representative inpatient database in Japan. The data from April 2010 to March 2020 were used for this study. We included all patients who had undergone any combination of laminectomy, laminoplasty, discectomy, and/or spinal arthrodesis.

Results

This investigation included 739,474 spinal surgeries and 739,215 hospitalizations in Japan. There was an average annual increase of 4.6% in the number of spinal surgeries. Scheduled hospitalizations increased by 3.7% per year while unscheduled hospitalizations increased by 11.8% per year. In-hours surgeries increased by 4.5% per year while after-hours surgeries increased by 9.9% per year. Complication rates and costs increased for both after-hours surgery and unscheduled hospitalizations, in comparison to their respective counterparts of in-hours surgery and scheduled hospitalizations.

Conclusion

This study provides important insights for those interested in improving spine care in an ageing society. The swift surge in after-hours spinal surgeries and unscheduled hospitalizations highlights that the medical needs of an increasing number of patients due to an ageing society are outpacing the capacity of existing medical resources.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(8):662–670.
Osteochondroma Dorsal Scapula – Rare Site of a Common Tumor
Authors:   Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom,, Khan Danish Jameel , Chand Suresh ,   Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Osteochondromas are benign bone tumors common in metaphyseal ends of long bones like distal femur and are relatively uncommon in flat bones such as scapula. Patients usually present with either a visual deformity requiring treatment for cosmetic reason or present with mechanical symptoms hindering activities of daily living. The tumor is mostly benign and malignant transformation is rarely seen. Treatment usually involves surgical excision of the lesion with minimal chances of recurrence if complete excision of the lesion is done. Case Report: Here, we present the case of a 12-year-old boy presenting with a symptomatic dorsal scapular osteochondroma who underwent successful surgical excision without any recurrence. Conclusion: Osteochondroma can be seen on flat bones and should be kept in the differential. Treatment is by excision and usually has good long-term outcomes. Keywords: Osteochondroma, dorsal scapula, pediatric.
Practice Model for Chinese Youth in Conflict with the Law
Authors: Kwok Siu Ming , Tam Dora M.Y.
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This paper reports a qualitative study built upon the findings from this team's previous studies over the past two decades that identifies risk factors and guiding principles to develop a culturally sensitive practice model for Chinese youth in conflict with the law. Crime intervention for Chinese Canadian youth is under-researched. This paper reveals that Chinese youth and their parents internalize problems of systemic inequity. Their needs are not properly addressed due to model minority stereotyping. Over the last two decades, there is a shift in demographics of the Chinese community in Canada that mirrors the socio-economical changes in China over twenty years that requires cultural nuance in providing services to the Chinese community. In general, Chinese youth and their families experienced cultural and language barriers and challenges in addressing mental health issues. Résumé: Cet article rend compte d'une étude qualitative fondée sur les résultats des études antérieures menées par cette équipe au cours des deux dernières décennies, qui identifie les facteurs de risque et les principes directeurs permettant d'élaborer un modèle de pratique adapté à la culture des jeunes chinois en conflit avec la loi. L'intervention en matière de criminalité pour les jeunes canadiens d'origine chinoise fait l'objet de peu de recherches. Cet article révèle que les jeunes chinois et leurs parents intériorisent les problèmes d'inégalité systémique. Leurs besoins ne sont pas correctement pris en compte en raison des stéréotypes de la minorité modèle. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, la démographie de la communauté chinoise au Canada a évolué vers une image qui reflète les changements socio-économiques survenus en Chine ces vingt dernières années et qui nécessite une nuance culturelle dans la fourniture de services à la communauté chinoise. En général, les jeunes chinois et leurs familles ont été confrontés à des barrières culturelles et linguistiques et à des difficultés pour aborder les questions de santé mentale.
Comfortably "Western": How Chinese International Students Imagine Canada
Authors: Lui Lake , Cai Manlin , Qian Yue
Published: August 2024

Abstract: How do students from Mainland China select Canada for their education? Beyond the customary push-and-pull explanations, we introduce a framework of comparative imaginaries that describes how students' rational strategies are imbued with the imaginaries of their host societies and migration aspirations. Based on longitudinal interviews with 36 Chinese postsecondary students in Vancouver, we find that these students imagine Canada as a safe alternative to the United States (perceived as the best country for higher education): Western, offering quality education, ethnically inclusive, and with a less politically fraught relationship with China. The students imagine Chineseness as recognized in Vancouver's mainstream society (not relegated to ethnic enclaves), allowing them to form Chinese-exclusive networks sprinkled with Western elements. The easy path to permanent residency and citizenship that Canada offers, compared with that of the United States, is also conducive to students' imagination of flexible citizenship. Our study illuminates how social imaginaries are intertwined with practical concerns to shape Chinese students' mobility. Résumé: Comment les étudiants de Chine continentale choisissent-ils le Canada pour leurs études? Au-delà des explications habituelles de poussée et de traction, nous introduisons un cadre d'imaginaires comparatifs qui décrit comment les stratégies rationnelles des étudiants sont imprégnées des imaginaires de leurs sociétés d'accueil et de leurs aspirations migratoires. Basés sur des entretiens longitudinaux avec 36 étudiants chinois du postsecondaire à Vancouver, nous constatons que ces étudiants imaginent le Canada comme une alternative sûre aux États-Unis (perçus comme le meilleur pays pour l'enseignement supérieur) : occidental, offrant une éducation de qualité, inclusif sur le plan ethnique et avec des relations politiques moins tendues avec la Chine. Les étudiants imaginent la chinoisité comme reconnue dans la société mainstream de Vancouver (et non reléguée dans des enclaves ethniques), ce qui leur permet de former des réseaux exclusivement occidentaux. Le chemin facile vers la résidence permanente et la citoyenneté que le Canada offre, comparé à celui des États-Unis, favorise également l'imagination de la citoyenneté flexible par les étudiants. Notre étude éclaire la manière dont les imaginaires sociaux sont entrelacés avec les préoccupations pratiques pour façonner la mobilité des étudiants chinois.
Disability Untheorized: Critiques of Eugenics, Then and Now
Authors: Linett Maren Tova
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This essay argues that critiques of Anglo-American eugenics from the turn of the twentieth century through today demonstrate that the people swept up by the colossal eugenic broom were not biologically "unfit" without questioning either the notion of biological inferiority itself or the "menace" eugenicists saw in disability. They therefore imply that what was wrong with eugenics was its inaccuracy—that it was only ethically problematic because it did not correctly identify "unfit" people. Such critiques, while offering social models of race, poverty, criminality, and/or gender, leave disability untheorized and neglect the rights of disabled people.
Vision, Revision, and Aesthetic Nervousness in H. G. Wells's "The Country of the Blind"
Authors: Rustici Craig
Published: August 2024

Abstract: In "The Country of the Blind" (1904) H. G. Wells imagines a community of congenitally blind citizens who have fashioned an accessible built environment in which they thrive. As he revises that story thirty-five years later, he imagines that community obliterated due to its members' folly. In Wells's story, the blind have become the "normals," possessing the cultural capital to designate the sighted protagonist a lunatic who could be "cured" through surgical blinding. In 1904 that fantasy was tolerable, but in 1939 it appeared to parallel events in Nazi Germany, where, Wells suggests, the "deranged" and "defective" rule.
Arriving, Arriving, Arriving: The Periodicity Paradox in Disability Studies
Authors: Occhiolini Alessandra
Published: August 2024

Abstract: While disability studies explores non-normative experiences of temporality and the body, there is an incentive within academic periodization to produce work that situates the "beginning" of modern disability in a singular moment. As a result, there are multiple "arrival points" of disability within literary history–providing us with a paradox and a rare opportunity for collaboration across periods of study.
Psychosocial interventions for persons affected by Leprosy: A systematic review
Authors: Bonkass Ann-Kristin , Fastenau Anil , Stuetzle Sophie , Boeckmann Melanie , Nadiruzzaman Mohammed
Published: August 2024

While multi-drug therapy revolutionised the treatment of physical symptoms for leprosy, a lack of psychosocial interventions, to combat the psychological burden of the disease, is noticeable. This is especially the case in a lower-middle-income country like India, where leprosy prevalence is highest, yet, it has one of the lowest rates of mental health services in place. This paper (i) conducts a systematic review to gather academic evidence on best practices of psychosocial care interventions of to leprosy patients from across the globe, and (ii) compiles good practices of mental wellbeing and quality of life to propose plausible actions for leprosy patients in India. Following the PRISMA protocol, keywords were searched in four databases, namely PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Infolep. After examining all 145 search results through inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 peer reviewed research articles could qualify for final review exercise, whereby the data was systematically appraised. The systematic review reveals several successful psychosocial interventions implemented worldwide. These interventions were categorised into four sub-groups: educational, counselling, cognitive behavioural therapy, and technology-supported interventions. All the studies included in the analysis showcased effective psychosocial interventions that enhanced the quality of life and reduced depression, anxiety, and stress levels in individuals affected by leprosy. These findings highlighted several promising strategies that could be integrated into India’s mental healthcare system. The studies underscored the significance of involving healthcare professionals, and adopting innovative approaches. Consequently, this research proposes a comprehensive blend of diverse psychosocial interventions to alleviate the burden faced by leprosy-affected individuals in India. It is crucial to take into account various confounding factors and local contexts to tailor these interventions to the specific population group. Additionally, enhancing awareness and updating policies related to leprosy care are essential steps in reducing stigmatization against individuals with leprosy in India and other endemic regions.
Compromised heat loss leads to a delayed ice slurry induced reduction in heat storage
Authors: O’Brien Thomas J. , Goosey-Tolfrey Victoria L. , Leicht Christof A.
Published: August 2024

Compromised heat loss due to limited convection and evaporation can increase thermal strain. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of ice slurry ingestion to reduce thermal strain following hyperthermia in a state of compromised heat loss. Twelve healthy males (age: 25 ± 4y) underwent hot water immersion to elevate rectal temperature (Trec) by 1.82 ± 0.08°C on four occasions. In the subsequent 60-min of seated recovery, participants ingested either 6.8 g·kg-1 of ice slurry (-0.6°C) or control drink (37°C) in ambient conditions (21 ± 1°C, 39 ± 10% relative humidity), wearing either t-shirt and shorts (2 trials: ICE and CON) or a whole-body sweat suit (2 trials: ICE-SS and CON-SS). Trec and mean skin temperature (Tsk) were recorded and a two-compartment thermometry model of heat storage was calculated. Heat storage was lower in ICE compared with CON at 20-40min (p ≤ 0.044, d ≥ 0.88) and for ICE-SS compared with CON-SS at 40–60 min (p ≤ 0.012, d ≥ 0.93). Trec was lower in ICE compared with CON from 30-60min (p ≤ 0.034, d ≥ 0.65), with a trend for a reduced Trec in ICE-SS compared with CON-SS at 40min (p = 0.079, d = 0.60). A greater Tsk was found in ICE-SS and CON-SS compared with ICE and CON (p < 0.001, d ≥ 3.37). A trend for a lower Tsk for ICE compared with CON was found at 20-40min (p ≤ 0.099, d ≥ 0.53), no differences were found for ICE-SS vs CON-SS (p ≥ 0.554, d ≤ 0.43). Ice slurry ingestion can effectively reduce heat storage when heat loss through convection and evaporation is compromised, relevant to those wearing personal protective equipment or those with compromised sweat loss. Compromised heat loss delays the reduction in heat storage, possibly related to ice slurry ingestion not lowering Tsk.
“PrEP a double-edged sword”: Integrating implementation science methodology with Photovoice to guide culturally-tailored pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programs for Latino/a and non-Latino/a men who have sex with men in South Florida
Authors: Johnson Ariana L. , Self Kyle J. , Silvey Rebe , Webb Gabrielle A. , Kalra Nonie , Fallon Stephen , Randolph Cunningham Suzanne M. , Kanamori Mariano
Published: August 2024

Background

DiversiPrEP is a culturally-tailored PrEP program for LMSM offered in South Florida. DiversiPrEP navigates LMSM through their PrEP journey, including education, deciding if PrEP is relevant for them, payment, and accessing/maintaining PrEP use. DiversiPrEP includes five ERIC strategies (Increase Demand, Promote Adaptability, Alter Client Fees, Intervene with Clients to Enhance Uptake and Adherence, and Tailor Strategies).

Description

Photovoice was used to conduct five two-part focus groups with LMSM (n = 12) and Non-LMSM (n = 12). In the first session, trainers provided guidance on selecting and contextualizing photos to generate CFIR themes. Then, participants captured photos that embodied their lived experiences accessing PrEP. In the second session, using SHOWeD, participants discussed photos, identifiedhow photos relate to culturally relevant issues. Triangulation approaches compared/contrasted themes between LMSM and Non-LMSM.

Results

Five central themes emerged around barriers and facilitators to PrEP services: 1) the need for normalizing PrEP messages within the MSM community, 2) the need for normalizing PrEP messages outside the MSM community, 3) the need for expanding PrEP knowledge, 4) different motivations for using PrEP, and 5) the presence of structural barriers that limit PrEP access. This study compared similarities and differences of barriers and facilitators to PrEP use between Latino/a and non-Latino/a MSM. Similarities included the built environment (outer setting) as a barrier, the need for normalizing PrEP messaging within and outside of the MSM community, and the need to expand PrEP knowledge. Differences between Latino/a and non-Latino/a MSM were found in assessing the motivation and personal drivers (inner setting) for initiating PrEP associated with how participants viewed their responsibilities to self or others.

Conclusions

Photovoice with focus groups identified CFIR constructs that can guide the large-scale implementation of a client-centered PrEP service model with telehealth for both Latino/a and non-Latino/a MSM. Implementing client-centered accessible PrEP programs is an essential step to promoting sexual-health equity.
Sequential interleukin-17 inhibitors for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis who have an IL-17 inhibitors failure in a resource limited country: An economic evaluation
Authors: Dilokthornsakul Piyameth , Sawangjit Ratree , Noppakun Nopadon , Rajatanavin Natta , Pattamadilok Bensachee , Chularojanamontri Leena , Permsuwan Unchalee
Published: August 2024

Background

Biologics has been known to be effective for patients with psoriasis. However, optimal treatment pathways and their cost-effectiveness are limited in a resource-limited country. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of different sequential biologics for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Method

A hybrid model from a societal perspective was used. Model inputs were derived from network meta-analysis, clinical trials, and published literature. Three different sequential biologic treatments were assessed; Sequence 1; 1st Interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitor (secukinumab) followed by 2nd IL-17 inhibitors (ixekizumab or brodalumab), then 3rd IL-23 inhibitor (guselkumab), Sequence 2; ixekizumab followed by secukinumab or brodalumab, then guselkumab, and Sequence 3; brodalumab followed by ixekizumab or secukinumab, then guselkumab. Methotrexate or ciclosporin was used as standard of care (SoC).

Results

All three different sequential biologic therapies could gain total quality-adjusted life year (QALY), but they had higher cost than SoC. Sequence 1 had the lowest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) compared to SoC at 621,373 THB/QALY (19,449 $/QALY). ICER for Sequence 2 was 957,258 THB/QALY (29,962 $/QALY), while that for Sequence 3 was 1,332,262 THB/QALY (41,700 $/QALY). Fully incremental analysis indicated that Sequence 3 was dominated by Sequence 1 and Sequence 2. ICER for Sequence 2 was 7,206,104 THB/QALY (225,551 $/QALY) when compared to Sequence 1.

Conclusion

At the current willingness-to-pay of 160,000 THB/QALY, no sequential IL-17 inhibitor was cost-effective compared to SoC. Secukinumab followed by ixekizumab or brodalumab then guselkumab (Sequence 1) may be the most appropriate option compared with other treatments.
Examining the alignment between subjective effort and objective force production
Authors: Rewitz Katja , Schindler Sebastian , Wolff Wanja
Published: August 2024

Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) are frequently used to prescribe exercise intensity. A central assumption of using RPE scales is that the subjective perception of effort maps onto objective performance in a consistent way. However, the degree and shape of how RPE aligns with objective performance is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the degree and shape of alignment, as well as how time (i.e., how frequently an effort needs to be performed) and mental effort (i.e., if one has to invest mental effort and physical effort) correspond with the alignment. In a randomized within-subjects experiment, we used a grip-to-scale method that asked participants (N = 43) to repeatedly squeeze a handgrip dynamometer with four to-be-produced RPE target levels relative to their subjective maximum strength (representing 20%, 40%, 60%, or 80%). We found that the RPE-force alignment was not the same across RPE-levels: Whereas subjective differences from 20–40% and 40–60% were met by comparable differences in produced force, a substantially larger difference was observed for the 60–80% interval. Interestingly, exploratory post-hoc analyses revealed that this was mirrored by an increase in variance at the higher effort levels. In addition, at constant RPE-levels, participants produced less force over time, and this effect was more pronounced at lower RPE target levels. Lastly, anticipating mental effort after the physical effort slightly altered the alignment as a function of the to-be-produced RPE-level and experimental duration. Taken together, our results indicate that the mapping of perceived effort on objective performance is intricate, and several factors affect the degree and shape of how RPE and performance align. Understanding the dynamic adjustment of RPE-performance alignment across different RPE levels is particularly relevant for contexts that use RPE as a tool for training load prescription.
Knowledge and attitude towards mpox: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: León-Figueroa Darwin A. , Barboza Joshuan J. , Siddiq Abdelmonem , Sah Ranjit , Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: August 2024

Background

The increase in mpox incidence underscores the crucial need to understand and effectively address prevention, early detection, and agile response to this disease. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the knowledge and attitude towards mpox.

Methods

A systematic review and comprehensive literature meta-analysis were conducted using prominent databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and ScienceDirect, with an updated search until June 25, 2023. The quality of the included observational studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s Statistical Meta-Analysis Review Instrument. The collected data were recorded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and analyses were conducted using R software version 4.2.3. Additionally, Cochran’s Q statistics were applied to assess the heterogeneity of the included studies.

Results

A total of 299 articles were retrieved from 5 databases. This study included 27 cross-sectional articles with a total sample of 22,327 participants, of which 57.13% were women. The studies were conducted in 15 countries through an online survey. All studies had a moderate level of quality. The combined prevalence of a good level of knowledge about mpox was 33% (95% CI: 22%-45%; 22,327 participants; 27 studies; I2 = 100%), and the combined prevalence of a positive attitude towards mpox was 40% (95% CI: 19%-62%; 2,979 participants; 6 studies; I2 = 99%). Additionally, as a secondary outcome, the combined prevalence of the intention to vaccinate against mpox was 58% (95% CI: 37%-78%; 2,932 participants; 7 studies; I2 = 99%).

Conclusion

Good knowledge and a positive attitude towards mpox were found to be low. The findings of this study highlight the need to identify gaps and focus on implementing educational programs on mpox.

Terms used

Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI), Prospective International Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)
Multiple risk factors are associated with an incremental increase in acute venous thromboembolism risk after total joint arthroplasty: A pearldiver cohort study
Authors: Kumar Mandeep , Kostyun Regina O. , Solomito Matthew J. , McClure Mitchell
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Several risk factors are associated with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). However, there is a lack of literature regarding the cumulative impact of multiple risk factors. To address this gap, we utilized the PearlDiver database, an insurance billing claims database containing de-identified data from 91 million orthopedic patients.

Methods

The PearlDiver database was queried for records of patients who underwent total hip and knee arthroplasty from 2010 to 2019 using ICD-10 and CPT codes. Twelve persistent and two transient risk factors were analyzed for their association with the occurrence of acute VTE within three months after surgery. Univariate and logistic regression analyses with odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were conducted to determine the odds associated with each risk factor and the impact of multiple concurrent risk factors.

Results

A total of 988,675 patients who underwent hip and knee arthroplasty met the inclusion criteria, of whom 1.5% developed acute VTE after three months. The prevalence of VTE risk factors ranged from 0.2 to 38.6%. Individual, persistent risk factors demonstrated 14–84% increased odds of VTE compared to a 1.2% increase for a transient risk factor (acute myocardial infarction). Three or more persistent risk factors were associated with a higher risk of VTE.

Conclusion and relevance

Persistent risk factors were associated with a higher incidence of postoperative VTE than transient risk factors. An incremental increase in risk was noted if three or more persistent risk factors were present.
Leflunomide-Induced Cystoid Macular Edema: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ambrósio João Alves , Aguiar Catarina Pestana , Teixeira Pedro Cardoso , Costa João Cardoso , Pedro João Chibante , Ruão Miguel
Published: August 2024

Itroduction
Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a sight-threatening condition caused by fluid accumulation in the macula due to blood-retinal barrier disruption. Various factors, including drug reactions, can lead to retinal fluid leakage. Leflunomide, a disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, marked significant progress in managing rheumatoid arthritis. Although effective, Leflunomide has rarely been linked to CME. This report presents a unique case of Leflunomide-induced CME, adding to the limited literature on this subject.

Mthods
We report the case of a 75-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis treated with Leflunomide, presenting with bilateral CME and reduced visual acuity (VA). Comprehensive ophthalmic evaluations, including VA tests, fundus examination, and optical coherence tomography, were conducted.

Rsults
The patient presented with CME and decreased VA in both eyes for several months. She had undergone cataract surgery 20 years prior and was using topical nepafenac, dorzolamide, and dexamethasone. Initial VA was OD 20/50 and OS 20/40. VA improved with treatment, but CME recurred upon discontinuation. The patient had been on Leflunomide for one year. After consulting with the Rheumatology department and considering a previous case of bilateral Leflunomide-induced CME, the drug was discontinued. CME resolved without recurrence or the need for topical treatment. At her final visit, VA was OU 20/25.

Cnclusion
This case highlights Leflunomide as a potential, though rare, cause of CME. It emphasizes considering systemic medications in CME diagnosis. Timely discontinuation of Leflunomide may resolve CME and prevent further visual impairment. Further studies are needed to understand this rare side effect comprehensively.
O discurso transverso e o pré-construído
Authors: Gomes Ferreira Oliveira Isabela Karolina , Cattelan João Carlos
Published: August 2024

Esta pesquisa apresenta um recorte das discussões realizadas na dissertação de mestrado que teve como objetivo refletir sobre a problemática relativa ao culto do corpo magro que sobrepaira, impositivamente, sobre o universo feminino. Para isso, com base no dispositivo teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso de orientação francesa (AD), em termos de dados empíricos de observação, o estudo se valeu de Sequências Discursivas (SDs) retiradas de depoimentos de mulheres (“ex-gordinhas”) publicados na Revista Women’s Health Brasil. Entende-se, pois, que eles são parte representativa de uma Formação Discursiva (FD) dominante na sociedade que dita o modelo de corpo “ideal”. Através do material selecionado, buscou-se evidenciar como esses sujeitos materializam, no discurso, a ideologia de que são representantes. Para ancorar teoricamente a discussão, procurou-se tentar traçar um paralelo entre os conceitos de Sintagma/Paradigma, oriundos da Linguística Saussuriana, e de Discurso Transverso/Pré-construído, assim como são compreendidos pela AD. Para tanto, retomou-se o empreendimento do linguista suíço para compreender as possíveis (re)formulações de Michel Pêcheux. Por meio das análises realizadas, foi possível perceber que essas mulheres não escolhem de modo aleatório as palavras, as expressões e as preposições que empregam, já que afirmam o que está previsto, isto é, (re)produzem um discurso demarcado e condizente com os princípios ideológicos que as interpelam. Diz-se, então, que os sentidos, os sujeitos (e os seus corpos) são determinados ideologicamente.
Diagnóstico do pensamento profissional docente como atividade orientadora. Contribuições do sistema teórico de P. Ya. Galperin
Authors: Núñez Isauro Beltrán , Ramalho Betania Leite , Pereira Luiz Fernando
Published: August 2024

Neste artigo, apresenta-se e fundamenta-se uma experiência formativa para o diagnóstico do Pensamento Profissional Docente (PPD) sob a concepção do pensamento como atividade cognoscitiva da personalidade do professor e o método de seu estudo, de P. Ya. Galperin. Discute-se o significado do construto pensamento profissional docente, objeto do diagnóstico, na base de sua essência, sua estrutura e suas funções. O texto também trata da metodologia da experiência formativa, elaborada e testada experimentalmente, que permite o referido diagnóstico sob determinadas condições que demarcam possibilidades e limitações da experiência formativa. Os resultados apontam para uma contribuição teórico-metodológica aos estudos sobre o PPD como parte da formação e do desenvolvimento profissional de professores.
Movimento lógico-histórico do conceito e organização do ensino: contribuições para a formação de professores que ensinarão matemática
Authors: Klein Maiara Luisa , Lopes Anemari Roesler Luersen Vieira , Pozebon Simone
Published: August 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o estudo do movimento lógico-histórico do conceito como propulsor de discussões sobre o ensino de matemática, decorrendo de um espaço de compartilhamento entre estudantes dos cursos de Licenciatura em Educação Especial, Matemática e Pedagogia. A discussão parte de uma pesquisa de Mestrado desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE/UFSM), a qual se desencadeou por meio de um Curso de Extensão intitulado “Medidas no Ensino Fundamental: o que se ensina na escola?”, com a participação de onze estudantes dos três cursos. A fundamentação teórica da pesquisa, pautada na Teoria Histórico-Cultural e na Teoria da Atividade, parte da compreensão da matemática como produto cultural e da premissa de que o processo de formar-se professor envolve a apropriação de conhecimentos distintos, inclusive o do movimento lógico-histórico de constituição dos conceitos que ensinará. As ações da pesquisa, pautadas nesse referencial, tiveram como intuito promover a compreensão dos conceitos envolvidos e desencadear a atividade de formação nos sujeitos que fizeram parte do espaço formativo. A partir da análise de uma cena que vai ao encontro do objetivo traçado, pudemos evidenciar que se constituir professor que ensinará matemática exige atividade de estudo acerca do movimento lógico-histórico de constituição dos conceitos que ensinará, o que pode resultar em novos sentidos atribuídos à formação, e possibilitar a organização de um ensino voltado ao desenvolvimento de seus alunos.
Desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico de professores dos anos iniciais no contexto da formação continuada
Authors: Santos Fernanda Cristina Ferreira , Moretti Vanessa Dias
Published: August 2024

As discussões sobre o ensino da álgebra nos anos iniciais do ensino Fundamental têm sido tema de pesquisas nas últimas décadas e se intensificaram nos últimos anos, sobretudo com a nova Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Investigações relacionadas à formação de professores que ensinam matemática nos anos iniciais tornam-se relevantes na medida em que o professor é o responsável pela organização do ensino, estando diretamente relacionado ao movimento de aprendizagem dos estudantes. Neste artigo, apresentamos o recorte de uma pesquisa, fundamentada na perspectiva Histórico-Cultural, que teve como objetivo investigar o desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico de professores dos anos iniciais, considerando o pensamento algébrico como o pensamento teórico mediado por conceitos algébricos. Os aspectos metodológicos pautaram-se no materialismo histórico-dialético e a produção de dados se deu por meio de um experimento formativo organizado com base na Atividade Orientadora de Ensino, com Situações Desencadeadoras de Aprendizagem que considerassem o movimento lógico-histórico da álgebra, com vistas à aproximação da essência da álgebra  e dos nexos conceituais algébricos. O recorte de análise traz cenas do movimento formativo  de uma das professoras participantes do experimento, permitindo a identificação de possíveis superações no modo de a professora definir o que é álgebra, além de sua compreensão sobre a fluência, variação de grandezas, variável e campo de variação, num movimento do geral para particular, isto é, da busca de regras gerais que resolvam as situações particulares. Tais movimentos de aproximação dos nexos conceituais e da essência da álgebra pela professora remetem ao processo de desenvolvimento do pensamento algébrico.
Psicologia Histórico Cultural no Ensino Superior: fazendo contribuições
Authors: Trindade Camila , Leonardo Nilza Sanches Tessaro , Franco Adriana de Fátima
Published: August 2024

From the 1960s onwards, considering the University Reform, it is possible to observe in Brazil the intensification of the movement for the construction of higher education that was aligned with the issues of the national development. Such development, according to Fávero (2006), was based on the perspective of economic expansion, via the industrialization process. In this sense, formal education in general, especially higher education, both in terms of its structure and content, is increasingly being discussed by government sectors. It should also be added the fact that student mobilization, especially in 1968, played an important role in questioning the contradictions constituted in the context of higher education (FÁVERO, 2006).
GEOPARQUES MUNDIAIS DA UNESCO NO BRASIL: NOVAS FORMAS DE GESTÃO INTEGRADA DOS TERRITÓRIOS
Authors: Silva José Gustavo Santos da , Fonseca Filho Ricardo Eustáquio , Nascimento Marcos Antonio Leite do , Campos Juliano Bitencourt , Ladwig Nilzo Ivo , Back Álvaro José
Published: August 2024

Geoparques podem ser considerados “novas” formas de Gestão Integrada do Território (GIT) e foram estabelecidos no Brasil a partir de 2006. Estes territórios têm como papel fundamental a proteção do patrimônio geológico, aliada à sustentabilidade do ambiente em que estão inseridos. Desta maneira, necessitam de uma forma de gestão compartilhada que atenda a todos os objetivos estabelecidos pelo Programa Internacional de Geociências e Geoparques da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO), que certifica um território enquanto Geoparque Mundial. No Brasil há cinco Geoparques chancelados, os quais apresentam formas de gestão diferentes entre eles, porém, com algumas semelhanças. O objetivo deste texto é analisar o conceito de geoparque estabelecido no Brasil e suas formas de gestão territorial com base na teoria da GIT. Para alcançar tais objetivos recorre-se aos métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a partir dos quais foi realizado um levantamento documental com base nos dossiês de aplicação dos Geoparques junto à UNESCO. A pesquisa apontou que embora haja uma variedade de formas de gestão apontadas a nível mundial, no Brasil destaca-se uma aproximação com o modelo de Consórcios Públicos Intermunicipais. Há também em comum entre estes territórios no Brasil a consolidação de organismos de organização geral (assembleia geral ou conselhos administrativos) e uma equipe técnica atuando nestes territórios.
ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DE RIOS URBANOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE CAXIAS DO SUL-RS UTILIZANDO ESTATÍSTICA MULTIVARIADA
Authors: Menegat Daniela , Bortolin Taison Anderson , Schneider Vania Elisabete , Panizzon Tiago
Published: August 2024

A compreensão da evolução da qualidade da água no tempo e espaço é ferramenta indispensável em um mundo dependente de água em boa qualidade e quantidade. Nesse sentido, o estudo objetivou analisar a qualidade da água de rios urbanos do município de Caxias do Sul-RS, utilizando técnicas de estatística multivariada. Foram analisados 12 pontos distribuídos nas sub-bacias Faxinal, Maestra, Belo, Piaí e Pinhal, inseridos na área urbana do município. Para identificação da qualidade da água, foram analisados 21 parâmetros físicos, químicos e biológicos coletados em dois períodos (2012 a 2014 e 2022). Com base na Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) foi possível identificar três componentes que explicam juntos 63,1% da variabilidade dos dados. A análise de agrupamentos (AA) separou os períodos analisados em dois grupos. Um dos grupos formados contém todos os pontos presentes na sub-bacia do Tega, sendo essa a bacia mais urbanizada do município. A ACP e AA apontaram que as maiores fontes de degradação da qualidade da água do município são provenientes da descarga de efluentes domésticos e industrial nos corpos hídricos. Tal resultado demonstra a importância de estudos desse caráter a fim de que auxiliem o poder público na gestão das águas do seu território.
CONDICIONANTES GEOGRÁFICAS DO VALOR DOS IMÓVEIS RESIDENCIAIS NA CIDADE DE FRANCISCO BELTRÃO – PR
Authors: Andres Juliano , Hendges Elvis Rabuske , Marion Fabiano André , Manosso Fernando Cesar
Published: August 2024

O valor dos imóveis é um indicador que possui influência de fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos, ou seja, características próprias dos imóveis que são avaliadas pelos corretores e características do entorno, que podem ser aspectos naturais ou urbanísticos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é compreender as inter-relações entre o valor dos imóveis e as condicionantes geográficas (naturais e de infraestrutura urbana) na cidade Francisco Beltrão. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram em quatro etapas: 1) fundamentação teórica; 2) diagnóstico do valor dos imóveis residenciais; 3) diagnóstico das condicionantes geográficas; 4) correlações entre o valor dos imóveis e as condicionantes geográficas. A partir dos coeficientes obtidos, é possível afirmar que as oito variáveis analisadas possuem alguma influência sobre o preço dos imóveis, embora os valores de correlação sejam fracos e demonstrem que nenhuma das variáveis é determinante. Dentre as variáveis naturais, a distância em relação a rede de drenagem influencia mais no valor dos imóveis do que declividade, orientação de vertentes e hipsometria. Dentre as variáveis de infraestrutura urbana, as distâncias em relação ao centro de serviços e dos eixos de comércio influenciam mais no valor dos imóveis do que as distâncias dos parques de lazer e dos centros comunitários.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE VULNERABILITY OF EXPOSED ELEMENTS IN THE SERRA PELADA REGION, BARRA DO TURVO, BRAZIL
Authors: Batista Ellen Felizardo , Passini Larissa de Brum
Published: August 2024

Vulnerability is a major factor in the analysis of landslide risks and is essential for predicting the consequences of such events. In this case study, we quantitatively assessed vulnerability in the rural area of Barra do Turvo, located in the Serra Pelada mountain range, Brazil. It is a landslide-prone area with 144 households settled alongside the Régis Bittencourt highway. Therefore, we used an indicator-based methodology that considered both landslide intensity and resistance of exposed elements (buildings, large-scale structures, roadways, and local population). Results indicated that 93% of the buildings had a high level of vulnerability, while 90% of the local population had a moderate level, as did the large-scale structures and the highway. Rural roads, in turn, revealed high levels of vulnerability. This is relevant data for designing risk mitigation strategies. Based on this approach, we were also able to map the region. Conclusions include the potential for applying this approach in other regions and its relevance to decision-makers involved in land use planning and civil protection measures for risk mitigation.
Land income and large capitalist planting of oil palm in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Trindade José Raimundo , Paixão Junior Paulo Roberto Carneiro da
Published: August 2024

This article deals with the relationship between capitalist land rent and oil palm in the state of Pará. The objective of the research was to explain, based on the Marxist theory of land rent, why the state of Pará (with emphasis on the micro-region of Tomé-Açu) presents itself as the main producer and with the highest productive averages of Brazilian oil palm. To develop this analysis, the theory of land rent established by Marx (2017 [1894]) has been used, detailing the four modalities of land rent (monopoly rent, absolute rent, differential rent I and differential rent II), considering their theoretical and practical interactions. As an empirical procedure, secondary data on location, climate and soil conditions related to the development of the crop, as well as the size of the capital involved, were analyzed.
Diversification in digital platforms: a study for Google and Facebook based on the resource-based M&A approach
Authors: Silva Guilherme Jorge
Published: August 2024

This paper seeks to understand the logic of diversification followed by the two main global digital platforms - Google and Facebook - in their M&A operations, and whether they follow any of the categories provided in the literature: horizontal, vertical, concentric or conglomerate. To this end, a recent literature review on digital platform markets is presented, considering both theory and the experience of international regulators. The theoretical framework of resource-based diversification is then addressed, as well as the specific cases of Google/Alphabet and Facebook/Meta, using data from crunchbase. It was concluded that both companies had a diversification trajectory in line with their technological capabilities, initially with vertical and horizontal diversifications to reach new markets, with a focus on expanding into Industry 4.0 technologies.