bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Swimming ability and flagellar motility of sperm packets of the volvocine green alga Pleodorina starrii
Authors: Kage Azusa , Takahashi Kohei , Nozaki Hisayoshi , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Baba Shoji A. , Nishizaka Takayuki
Published: July 2024

Eukaryotic flagella collectively form metachronal waves that facilitate the ability to cause flow or swim. Among such flagellated and planktonic swimmers, large volvocine genera such as Eudorina, Pleodorina and Volvox form bundles of small male gametes (sperm) called “sperm packets” for sexual reproduction. Although these sperm packets reportedly have flagella and the ability to swim, previous studies on volvocine motility have focused on asexual forms and the swimming characteristics of sperm packets remain unknown. However, it is important to quantify the motility of sperm packets and sperm in order to gain insights into the significance of motility in the sexual reproduction of planktonic algae. In this study, we quantitatively described the behavior of three flagellated forms of a male strain of Pleodorina starrii—asexual colonies, sperm packets, and single dissociated sperm—with emphasis on comparison of the two multicellular forms. Despite being smaller, sperm packets swam approximately 1.4 times faster than the asexual colonies of the same male strain. Body length was approximately 0.5 times smaller in the sperm packets than in asexual colonies. The flagella from sperm packets and asexual colonies showed asymmetric waveforms, whereas those from dissociated single sperm showed symmetric waveforms, suggesting the presence of a switching mechanism between sperm packets and dissociated sperm. Flagella from sperm packets were approximately 0.5 times shorter and had a beat period approximately twice as long as those from asexual colonies. The flagella of sperm packets were densely distributed over the anterior part of the body, whereas the flagella of asexual colonies were sparse and evenly distributed. The distribution of flagella, but not the number of flagella, appear to illustrate a significant difference in the speeds of sperm packets and asexual colonies. Our findings reveal novel aspects of the regulation of eukaryotic flagella and shed light on the role of flagellar motility in sexual reproduction of planktonic algae.
Thermostabilization of a fungal laccase by entrapment in enzymatically synthesized levan nanoparticles
Authors: Alishah Aratboni Hossein , Martinez Maura , Olvera Clarita , Ayala Marcela
Published: July 2024

In this work, we present a comprehensive investigation of the entrapment of laccase, a biotechnologically relevant enzyme, into levan-based nanoparticles (LNPs). The entrapment of laccase was achieved concomitantly with the synthesis of LNP, catalyzed by a truncated version of a levansucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The study aimed to obtain a biocompatible nanomaterial, able to entrap functional laccase, and characterize its physicochemical, kinetic and thermal stability properties. The experimental findings demonstrated that a colloidal stable solution of spherically shaped LNP, with an average diameter of 68 nm, was obtained. An uniform particle size distribution was observed, according to the polydispersity index determined by DLS. When the LNPs synthesis was performed in the presence of laccase, biocatalytically active nanoparticles with a 1.25-fold larger diameter (85 nm) were obtained, and a maximum load of 243 μg laccase per g of nanoparticle was achieved. The catalytic efficiency was 972 and 103 (μM·min)-1, respectively, for free and entrapped laccase. A decrease in kcat values (from 7050 min-1 to 1823 min-1) and an increase in apparent Km (from 7.25 μM to 17.73 μM) was observed for entrapped laccase, compared to the free enzyme. The entrapped laccase exhibited improved thermal stability, retaining 40% activity after 1 h-incubation at 70°C, compared to complete inactivation of free laccase under the same conditions, thereby highlighting the potential of LNPs in preserving enzyme activity under elevated temperatures. The outcomes of this investigation significantly contribute to the field of nanobiotechnology by expanding the applications of laccase and presenting an innovative strategy for enhancing enzyme stability through the utilization of fructan-based nanoparticle entrapments.
Experimental development of lightweight manipulators with improved design cycle time that leverages off-the-shelf robotic arm components
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Rzi , Ahsan Muhammad , Iqbal Jamshed
Published: July 2024

The growing market for lightweight robots inspires new use-cases, such as collaborative manipulators for human-centered automation. However, widespread adoption faces obstacles due to high R&D costs and longer design cycles, although rapid advances in mechatronic engineering have effectively narrowed the design space to affordable robot components, turning the development of lightweight robots into a component selection and integration challenge. Recognizing this transformation, we demonstrate a practical framework for designing lightweight industrial manipulators using a case-study of indigenously developed 5 Degrees-of-Freedom (DOF) cobot prototype. Our framework incorporates off-the-shelf sensors, actuators, gears, and links for Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA), along with complete virtual prototyping. The design cycle time is reduced by approximately 40% at the cost of cobot real-time performance deviating within 2.5% of the target metric. Our physical prototype, having repeatability of 0.05mm calculated as per the procedure defined in ISO 9283:1998, validates the cost-effective nature of the framework for creating lightweight manipulators, benefiting robotic startups, R&D organizations, and educational institutes without access to expensive in-house fabrication setups.
Incongruence between residential uses and perceptions of fertilizers and deicers
Authors: Craska Heather D. , Davis Amélie Y.
Published: July 2024

Fertilizers and deicers are common materials for property maintenance in the Midwest, however, their application contributes to negative environmental impacts when applied incorrectly. While fertilizer use is well researched, deicer use on private properties is not. This research aims to ascertain whether patterns of fertilizer use are different from those of deicer use in Hamilton County, Ohio, and determine what factors influence a resident’s decision to use these materials. Survey data were collected from 110 single-family households (38.9% response rate). Respondents are motivated by property appearance to apply fertilizers. Deicer use stems from safety concerns. Respondents were significantly more likely to consider the environmental impact of fertilizers than deicers. Respondents felt that using deicers is a more neighborly practice while using fertilizers reflects more positively on them in their neighborhood. This information can be used to develop outreach programs to reduce the environmental impacts of fertilizers and deicers.
Global burden and epidemiological prediction of polycystic ovary syndrome from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Zhang Jiacheng , Zhu Yutian , Wang Jiaheng , Hu Hangqi , Jin Yuxin , Mao Xin , Zhang Haolin , Ye Yang , Xin Xiyan , Li Dong
Published: July 2024

Objective

To comprehensively assess the global, regional and national burden of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (DLYs) based on the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data on PCOS incidence, prevalence, and DLYs from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the GBD study 2019. According to the commonwealth income, WHO region, and the sociodemographic index, the estimates were demonstrated along with the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). The EAPC data were analyzed by four levels of hierarchical clustering and displayed in the world map. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict the PCOS burden in the next 20 years.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the number of PCOS incidence in one year increased from 1.4 million in 1990 to 2.1 million in 2019 (54.3%). Only the EAPC estimates of incidence in the Region of the Americas decreased, and their aged-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) values were the highest in 1990 and 2019. There was no significant correlation between human development index (HDI) and EAPC. However, when HDI < 0.7, EAPC of incidence and prevalence was positively correlated with HDI, and when HDI > 0.7, EAPC of incidence and prevalence was negatively correlated with HDI. Countries with the middle level HDI have the highest increasing trend of ASIR and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR). The 10 to 19 years old group had the highest incidence counts of PCOS globally. Besides, the ARIMA and BAPC model showed the consistent increasing trend of the burden of PCOS.

Conclusion

In order to better promote the early diagnosis and treatment, expert consensus and diagnosis criteria should be formulated according to the characteristics of different ethnic groups or regions. It is necessary to emphasize the early screening and actively develop targeted drugs for PCOS.
Enhanced blood glucose levels prediction with a smartwatch
Authors: Pikulin Sean , Yehezkel Irad , Moskovitch Robert
Published: July 2024

Ensuring stable blood glucose (BG) levels within the norm is crucial for potential long-term health complications prevention when managing a chronic disease like Type 1 diabetes (T1D), as well as body weight. Therefore, accurately forecasting blood sugar levels holds significant importance for clinicians and specific users, such as type one diabetic patients. In recent years, Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices have been developed and are now in use. However, the ability to forecast future blood glucose values is essential for better management. Previous studies proposed the use of food intake documentation in order to enhance the forecasting accuracy. Unfortunately, these methods require the participants to manually record their daily activities such as food intake, drink and exercise, which creates somewhat inaccurate data, and is hard to maintain along time. To reduce the burden on participants and improve the accuracy of BG level predictions, as well as optimize training and prediction times, this study proposes a framework that continuously tracks participants’ movements using a smartwatch. The framework analyzes sensor data and allows users to document their activities. We developed a model incorporating BG data, smartwatch sensor data, and user-documented activities. This model was applied to a dataset we collected from a dozen participants. Our study’s results indicate that documented activities did not enhance BG level predictions. However, using smartwatch sensors, such as heart rate and step detector data, in addition to blood glucose measurements from the last sixty minutes, significantly improved the predictions.
Health disparities in cervical cancer: Estimating geographic variations of disease burden and association with key socioeconomic and demographic factors in the US
Authors: Castellano Tara , ElHabr Andrew K. , Washington Christina , Ting Jie , Zhang Yitong J. , Musa Fernanda , Berksoy Ezgi , Moore Kathleen , Randall Leslie , Chhatwal Jagpreet , Ayer Turgay , Leath Charles A.
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite advances in cervical cancer (CC) prevention, detection, and treatment in the US, health disparities persist, disproportionately affecting underserved populations or regions. This study analyzes the geographical distribution of both CC and recurrent/metastatic CC (r/mCC) in the US and explores potential risk factors of higher disease burden to inform potential strategies to address disparities in CC and r/mCC.

Methods

We estimated CC screening rates, as well as CC burden (number of patients with CC diagnosis per 100,000 eligible enrollees) and r/mCC burden (proportion of CC patients receiving systemic therapy not in conjunction with surgery or radiation), at the geographic level between 2017–2022 using administrative claims. Data on income and race/ethnicity were obtained from US Census Bureau’s American Community Survey. Brachytherapy centers were proxies for guideline-conforming care for locally advanced CC. Associations among demographic, socioeconomic, and healthcare resource variables, with CC and r/mCC disease burden were assessed.

Results

Between 2017–2022, approximately 48,000 CC-diagnosed patients were identified, and approximately 10,000 initiated systemic therapy treatment. Both CC and r/mCC burden varied considerably across the US. Higher screening was significantly associated with lower CC burden only in the South. Lower income level was significantly associated with lower screening rates, higher CC and r/mCC burden. Higher proportion of Hispanic population was also associated with higher CC burden. The presence of ≥1 brachytherapy center in a region was significantly associated with a reduction in r/mCC burden (2.7%).

Conclusion

CC and r/mCC disparities are an interplay of certain social determinants of health, behavior, and race/ethnicity. Our findings may inform targeted interventions for a geographic area, and further highlight the importance of guideline-conforming care to reduce disease burden.
Modeling and analysis of Hepatitis B dynamics with vaccination and treatment with novel fractional derivative
Authors: Zehra Anum , Jamil Saba , Farman Muhammad , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: July 2024

These days, fractional calculus is essential for studying the dynamic transmission of illnesses, developing control systems, and solving several other real-world issues. In this study, we develop a Hepatitis B (HBV) model to observe the dynamics of vaccination and treatment effects to control the disease by using novel fractional operator. Modified Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (MABC) is a new definition of the used derivative that is based on a modification of the Atangana and Baleanu derivatives. By employing the MABC fractional derivative, which incorporates the concepts of non-locality and memory effects our model captures the complex dynamics of HBV transmission more accurately than traditional models. An objective of this study is to analyze the effect of immunization and treatment techniques on the course of the hepatitis B virus, with a particular focus on the changing order of differentiation. Thereby, our paper deals with the stability analysis, positiveness, existence and uniqueness of the solution and simulations. Analysis of reproductive number R0 with the impact of different parameters is also treated. The proposed model’s existence and uniqueness findings are examined through the use of Banach’s fixed point and Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative theorems. The equilibria for the models are determined to be globally stable using Lyapunov functions. The simulations for certain parameters are achieved by applying the Lagrange interpolation for the numerical computations and also the results are compared with the ABC operator results. The model is validated using numerical simulations, which are also used to assess how well different intervention techniques work to lower the impact of HBV infection and prevent its spread throughout the community. The results of this research assist in developing public health policies intended to lower the incidence of HBV infection worldwide and offer insightful information about how well treatment and vaccination strategies work to prevent HBV disease.
Enhancing Buprestidae monitoring in Europe: Trap catches increase with a fluorescent yellow colour but not with the presence of decoys
Authors: Kuhn Alexandre , San Martin Gilles , Hasbroucq Séverine , Beliën Tim , Bonte Jochem , Bouget Christophe , Hautier Louis , Sweeney Jon , Grégoire Jean-Claude
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the efficacy of various traps differing in colour (green or yellow), presence or absence of decoys (dead Agrilus planipennis) or design (commercial MULTz or multifunnel traps, and homemade bottle- or fan-traps) for monitoring European Buprestidae in deciduous forests and pear orchards. Over two years, we collected 2220 samples on a two-week basis from 382 traps across 46 sites in Belgium and France. None of the traps proved effective for monitoring Agrilus sinuatus in infested pear orchards (17 specimens captured in 2021, 0 in 2022). The decoys did not affect the catch rates whatever the trap model, colour, buprestid species or sex. The fluorescent yellow traps (MULTz and yellow fan-traps) tended to be more attractive than the green traps (green fan-traps and, to a lower extent, multifunnel green traps). Most Agrilus species showed similar patterns in mean trap catches, with the exception of Agrilus biguttatus, which had the largest catches in the green multifunnel traps. Finally, we observed a high variation in catch rates between localities: the site explained 64% of the catches variance, while the tree within the site and the type of trap explained only 6–8.5% each. In many sites, we captured very few specimens, despite the abundance of dying mature trees favourable to the development of Buprestidae. For the early detection of non-native Buprestidae, it therefore seems essential to maximise the number of monitoring sites. Due to their cost-effectiveness, lightweight design, and modularity, fan-traps emerged as promising tools for buprestid monitoring. The study’s findings extend beyond European fauna, as a preliminary trial in Canada suggested that yellow fan-traps could also improve captures of non-European buprestid species and catch species of interest such as Agrilus bilineatus (a species on the EPPO A2 list of pests/pathogens recommended for regulation in the EU).
Study on deformation of tunnel pile foundation based on discrete element method and finite difference method
Authors: Zhao Zhenchu , Zhang Yuan , Dai Fang
Published: July 2024

The deformation of pile caused by tunnel excavation will weaken the bearing capacity of the foundation. In order to investigate the deformation response of pile induced by the construction of three-hole small spacing tunnel, the DEM-FDM (discrete element method and finite difference method) coupling numerical simulation method were used to simulate the deformation process of pile during tunnel excavation. This paper probed into the deformation response of pile by three factors: the length of pile, the pile-tunnel spacing, and the three-hole tunnel construction. The results showed that, as the pile-tunnel spacing decreases, the incremental horizontal displacement of the pile top became more significant when the three-hole tunnel was excavated. The excavation resulting in four zones of horizontal displacement concentration. The prominent locations were mainly concentrated on both sides of the tunnel and the ground directly above the tunnel. The research findings of this study can provide insights and references for the design and construction of shield tunneling under passing piles.
COVID-19’s psychological toll on oral health: A cross-sectional study in Iranian adults
Authors: Karimi Mahsa , Khami Mohammad Reza , Varmazyari Shabnam , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Hormozi Mahmoud , M. Aly Nourhan , Oluwátóyìn Foláyan Morẹ́nikẹ́
Published: July 2024

Background

The Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic increased global psychological distress, emotional distress, and sleep disturbances, all known risk factors for compromised oral health. Despite this, there is limited understanding of the impacts of these psychological factors on oral health in certain populations, including Iranians. Thus, the present study investigates the associations between sociodemographic characteristics, emotional distress, sleep pattern changes, tooth brushing frequency, and oral ulcer reports in a sample of Iranian adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional, web-based study collected data from Iranian adults between July and September 2022 using respondent-driven sampling. The Mental Health and Wellness questionnaire was used to gather information on sociodemographic characteristics, emotional distress, sleep pattern changes, toothbrushing frequency, and oral ulcer reports. Simple and multiple logistic regression served for statistical analysis.

Results

Among the 240 participants, comprising 164 females and 76 males, with a mean age of 35.3 years (±13.3), 28 individuals (11.7%) reported reduced tooth brushing frequency, and 35 individuals (14.6%) reported oral ulcers. Male gender (OR = 2.75, p = 0.016) and sleep patterns changes (OR = 2.93, p = 0.01) increased the likelihood of reduced tooth brushing frequency. Additionally, being younger than 30 (OR = 2.87, p = 0.025) and fearing coronavirus transmission (OR = 3.42, p = 0.009) increased the odds of oral ulcers.

Conclusions

Male gender and sleep pattern changes were risk factors for reduced tooth brushing frequency among the present sample of Iranian adults during the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Additionally, being under 30 and fearing coronavirus transmission were identified as risk factors for oral ulcers in this population. To preserve and promote adults’ oral health during public health crises, targeted educational initiatives, public health awareness campaigns, and integrated mental and oral healthcare approaches are encouraged.
Attitude and willingness of biodiversity conservation in Chinese university students: Associated factors and the mediation of social support
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Hou Mo-Lin , Chen Chang-Qi , Liao Zhou-Yang , Guan Yun-Fang , Yuan Yu-Lin , Zhang Yin , Zhao Min-Yan , Tang Tian-Tian
Published: July 2024

In this cross-sectional study of 1475 Chinese university students, we explored associated factors of attitude and willingness of biodiversity conservation, analyzed the hypothesized mediation by social support in the association between attitude and willingness of biodiversity conservation. Multivariate logistic regression model revealed that major and social support were prominently related to both attitude and willingness of biodiversity conservation. Besides, path model identified a statistically significant mediation by social support, sex, race, and family residence presented noticeable effect modification on the mediation of social support. These major findings suggest that intervention measures which aiming at enhancing social support could be considered for elevating attitude and willingness of biodiversity conservation among Chinese university students.
Chilaiditi Syndrome Masquerading as Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Saha Bibek , Verma Anjul , Coelho-Prabhu Nayantara , Kelm Zachary S. , Cabrera Daniel
Published: July 2024

Chilaiditi sign is an incidental radiological finding where the intestine is interposed between the diaphragm and liver. Chilaiditi syndrome (CS), characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and Chilaiditi sign on imaging, is of important clinical significance despite its rarity given associated complications including intestinal obstruction, bowel ischemia, and perforation. While most cases involve the large intestine, we report a rare case of CS with ileal involvement complicated by small bowel obstruction, managed conservatively. Failure to recognize Chilaiditi sign or CS may prompt unnecessary surgical interventions, emphasizing the need for physician awareness to ensure accurate timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
Monocyte-lymphocyte, neutrophil-lymphocyte, and platelet-lymphocyte ratios as inflammatory biomarkers of clinical dengue severity
Authors: Böer Luiza Monteiro , Junqueira Isabela Cinquini , Nascimento Thais Cardoso do , Guilarde Adriana Oliveira , Féres Valéria Christina de Rezende , Alcântara Keila Correia de
Published: July 2024

The literature describes monocyte-lymphocyte (MLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios as prognostic biomarkers. However, in the case of dengue infection, patient clinical management and nonspecific laboratory tests determine the prognosis. Therefore, this study analyzed MLR, NLR, and PLR as prognostic biomarkers of dengue infection. Our study was based on a clinical cohort of dengue patients in Brazil between 2012 and 2013. From 193 patients, 164 (85.0%) were classified as dengue fever (DF), 19 (9.8%) as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and 10 (5.2%) as intermediate DF/DHF. DHF cases were significantly associated with MLR > 0.13 (OR: 5.72, 95% CI: 1.28-25.60, p < 0.05) and PLR ≤ 80.68 (OR: 4.26; 95% CI 1.60-11.33; p < 0.05). Our results suggest that MLR increase, and PLR decrease indicate a higher likelihood of worsening the clinical status.
Infectious disease agent surveillance in fitness centers in northern cyprus: is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infection a threat?
Authors: Yazir Cemal , Sultanoglu Nazife , Guvenir Meryem , Hurdoganoglu Ulas , Yavuz Hasan Ulas , Suer Kaya
Published: July 2024

Fitness centers offer an opportunity for investigating the indirect transmission of pathogens. Many people with varying levels of personal hygiene share sports equipment where direct surface-to-skin contact occurs. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial load and fungal and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) contamination on predetermined sports equipment in fitness centers in Northern Cyprus. Additionally, volunteer personal trainers and gym members were screened to detect whether they were carriers of MRSA. Samples were collected from six fitness centers on sports equipment. MRSA carrier status was investigated for personal trainers (n=10) and gym members (n=100). The study used culture-dependent techniques and used SPSS 20 software for statistical analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between fungal growth on the sports equipment, and Aspergillus spp. were predominant. However, one of the fitness centers had a statistically significant difference in fungal growth compared to the others (p<0.005). There was no significant difference in the bacterial load among the sports equipment, but there was a significant difference among the fitness centers (p<0.009). Among all tested individuals, only 2.7% (3/110) were MRSA-positive, all of whom were gym members. No MRSA was detected on any of the equipment. Despite the increasing incidence of community-acquired MRSA infections, the fitness centers in this study did not appear to be significant sources of staphylococcal or fungal infections. However, the detection of MRSA carriers among gym members suggests that the spread of MRSA between individuals in gyms is still possible.
Conditional Optimization on the Photocatalytic Degradation Removal Efficiency of Formaldehyde using TiO2 – Nylon 6 Electrospun Composite Membrane
Authors: Pahasup-anan Taddao , Suwannahong Kowit , Kampeerapappun Piyaporn , Rangkupan Ratthapol , Dechapanya Wipada
Published: July 2024

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease in 2019, many people have adjusted their work and lifestyle to the new normal, such as purchasing takeaway dishes or utilizing food delivery services more frequently. This causes individuals to spend more time indoors. The health, comfort, and well-being of building occupants are directly impacted by indoor air quality, which is a significant issue. The main objective of this study was to investigate the optimal conditions for the treatment of gaseous formaldehyde using TiO2 – Nylon 6 electrospun composite membrane via photocatalytic oxidation. Response surface methodology (RSM) model with the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was applied for experimental design and statistical analysis. Three factors (catalyst dosage, initial formaldehyde concentration, and gas flow rate) affecting the removal efficiency were studied. Three sets of experiments were conducted to compare the formaldehyde removal efficiencies of the following processes; the adsorption process, the photolysis process, and the photocatalytic oxidation process. From the results, it is obvious that the photocatalytic oxidation process yielded the highest removal efficiency (83.43%) as compared to the other two processes. The mechanism of the formaldehyde photocatalytic oxidation process can be described using the simplified Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation. The reaction follows a pseudo-first order reaction, with a rate constant of 0.0058 min–1. The optimal conditions were found to be at 80.0%w/w catalyst dosage, 7.0 ppm initial formaldehyde concentration, and 1.5 L/min gas flow rate which resulted in an 84.54% removal efficiency after 420 minutes of treatment period. Thus, the application use of the TiO2 – Nylon 6 electrospun composite membrane equipped with the UV light source could be a promising alternative technology for indoor air treatment.
Phytochemical screening, assessment of biological activity and nutritional value of Sudanese Hibiscus sabdariffa L. seeds
Authors: Mohamed Isameldin Mahgoub , Alrasheid Ayat Ahmed , Ayoub Saad Mohamed Hussein
Published: July 2024

Medicinal plants are widely used in traditional cultures all over the world and they are becoming increasingly popular in modern society as natural alternatives. This research aimed to conduct phytochemical screening; assess of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities; evaluate toxicity and detect the nutritional value of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. seeds. The Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures. The samples were extracted using hexane and absolute ethanol respectively. The extracts were evaluated for their effectiveness against microorganisms using the disc diffusion method and the antioxidant potential was measured by the DPPH assay. The proximate analysis of seed powder and mineral composition was determined using standard procedures. Toxicity was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality test and the LD50 was calculated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids, while tannins and anthraquinones were not detected. Generally, the hexane extract showed higher antibacterial activity than the ethanolic extract against 4 bacteria. Both extracts exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans ranging from 12-17 mm. The hexane extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the ethanolic extract (60 % and 47 % respectively). Both extracts were non-toxic against brine shrimps, suggesting that they are safe for medicinal use. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the seeds contain high amounts of fat (34.19 %) and protein (33.25 %). The seeds of H. sabdariffa contained considerable amounts of some important elements, while lead was not detected. The findings of this study revealed that H. sabdariffa seeds are a rich source of secondary metabolites and nutritional value and could be used for pharmaceutical preparation and drug development.
Artificial intelligence and depth ontology: implications for intercultural ethics
Authors: O’Regan John P. , Ferri Giuliana
Published: July 2024

Despite increasing concerns over the use of AI in surveillance, privacy, public health, climate change, global migration and warfare, the implications of its use in the field of intercultural communication are still not clearly defined. This paper critically examines the contemporary emergence of AI through the lens of a critical realist depth ontology to argue that AI, with its unending interplay of signs and symbols, is the ultimate simulacrum. As such, AI vacates the normative terrain of judgemental rationality in favour of the relativist terrain of endless simulacra and the fetish appearances of postmodernism. To illustrate this, it is argued that the inability of AI to make judgements based on judgemental rationality (or Ethics1) occludes the possibility of intervening in the world to ameliorate real injustice. Therefore, if intercultural ethics remains within the realm of judgmental relativism (or Ethics2) it abdicates the possibility to have an impact in the material world.
A multi-chamber soft robot for transesophageal echocardiography: continuous kinematic matching control of soft medical robots
Authors: Sayahkarajy Mostafa , Witte Hartmut
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This research investigates designing a continuum soft robot and proposing a kinematic matching control to enable the robot to perform a specified medical task, which in this paper is the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).

Methods

A multi-chamber soft robot was designed and fabricated based on the molding of separate layers. The method of transformation matrices was used to develop the kinematic models, and a control method using Jacobian matrices was proposed to manipulate the robot.

Results

A prototype was made based on a multi-chamber multi-layer design. The system contains three segments that can be actuated independently to mimic the active bending part of the respective probe. Kinematic models were developed. Negative pressure (vacuum) was used as actuation input. An open-loop controller inspired by a redundancy resolution technique was proposed to make the soft robot tip follow the desired path, i.e. the path of the rigid ultrasound probe.

Conclusions

It is concluded that the soft solution can perform the required task as the reachable points of the TEE tip cover the proposed robot workspace and the proposed control can be used for maneuvering in arbitrary trajectories.
Investigation of corrosion inhibition and adsorption properties of quinoxaline derivatives on metal surfaces through DFT and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Azeez Yousif Hussein , Mamand Dyari Mustafa , Omer Rebaz A. , Awla Awat Hamad , Omar Karzan A.
Published: July 2024

This work presents a multiscale theoretical investigation into the potential of quinoxaline derivatives (Q1–Q6) as corrosion inhibitors for various metals (Fe(110), Cu(111), and Al(110)). Employing a combined approach combining density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations, we explore the relationship between molecular structure, electronic properties, and adsorption behavior. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) were used to investigate the electronic characteristics of diverse compounds. The study included key parameters including highest occupied molecular orbital energy (E
HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (E
LUMO), energy gap (E
g) between E
LUMO and E
HOMO, dipole moment, global hardness, softness (σ), ionization energy (I), electron affinity (A), electronegativity (χ), back-donation energy E
b−d, global electrophilicity (ω), electron transfer, global nucleophilicity (ε), and total energy (sum of electronic and zero-point energies). These properties, alongside adsorption energies (following the trend Q6 > Q2 > Q3 > Q4 > Q5 > Q1), are used to identify promising inhibitor candidates and establish structure–property relationships governing their effectiveness. The results suggest that inhibitor efficiency increases with a decreasing energy gap between frontier orbitals. Notably, the protonated state of Q6 exhibits high reactivity, low stability, and strong adsorption, making it a potential candidate for further exploration. This comprehensive theoretical approach offers crucial insights for the conceptual development of new and powerful corrosion inhibitors.
Children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid cancer from 1998 to 2018: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Shanling , Gao Zilu , Tao Yingjie , Wang Xudong , Cheng Junping
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study aims to investigate the clinical features of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) in children and adolescents under 18 years and assess the impact of surgery combined with thyroid hormone and radioactive iodine (RAI) on their prognosis.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted, involving children/adolescents with DTC who underwent surgery at the Head and Neck Department of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 1998 to December 2018.

Results

Among 198 patients, 130 (65.7 %) were female. According to the American Thyroid Association guidelines, cases were categorized as low (106, 53.5 %), intermediate (54, 27.3 %), and high (38, 19.2 %) risk. The follow-up duration ranged from 3 to 23 years. Local recurrence and distant metastasis were identified in 21 (10.6 %) and 14 (7.1 %) cases, respectively. All patients received levothyroxine, while RAI therapy was administered to intermediate- and high-risk patients. The local recurrence and distant metastasis rates in these two groups were 33.3 and 39.5 %, respectively, with no recurrence or metastasis in the low-risk group. Persistent without structural evidence of disease were 0.9, 3.7, and 26.3 % at end of follow-up for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. The overall survival rates for all three groups were 100 %, while disease-free survival rates were 99.1, 63.0, and 34.2 % for the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Children/adolescents with low-risk DTC exhibited a favorable prognosis even without RAI. However, intermediate- and high-risk DTC patients, despite RAI and levothyroxine treatment, showed elevated rates of persistent disease, local recurrence, and distant metastasis.
The forbidden fruit: toque macaques (Macaca sinica) feeding on invasive pond apple (Annona glabra) in Sri Lankan mangroves
Authors: Rog Stefanie M. , Sinovas Pablo
Published: July 2024

This is the first documented instance of Sri Lanka’s endemic Macaca sinica (toque macaque) foraging on invasive Annona glabra (pond apple). We observed a troop of toque macaques (∼15) consuming A. glabra in a mangrove forest in Negombo lagoon in western Sri Lanka. This behaviour highlights the need to understand species interactions in the design of effective invasive species interventions for mangrove management.
A systematic approach of vitrification by high pressure freezing
Authors: Kodera Chie , Bret Yann , Eyraud Frederic , Heiligenstein Jérôme , Belle Martin , Heiligenstein Xavier
Published: July 2024

This study explores the efficacy and reliability of high-pressure freezing (HPF) as a sample preparation technique for electron microscopy (EM) analysis across a diverse range of biological samples. Utilizing the HPM Live µ technology, based on the historical hydraulic HPM010 from BalTec, we demonstrate the reliability of our industrial equipment to achieve the critical parameters necessary for vitrification (2076 bars, cooling rate above 2000 K/s). By directly measuring physical values within the HPF chamber, we evaluate the proper functioning of the equipment, contributing to the technique’s reliability. A meticulous approach was adopted for each sample type, acknowledging the uniqueness of each specimen, and associating the final sample analysis with its HPF curve, aiding in protocol optimization. Samples including human cell pellets, cell monolayer, mouse brain and liver biopsies, and Arabidopsis thaliana root and seedlings were processed for EM analysis following HPF. The ultrastructure of each sample type was rigorously examined, revealing homogeneous preservation and minimal ice nucleation artefacts. Overall, our work underscores the robustness and versatility of our HPM Live µ in preserving biological ultrastructure, offering valuable insights for researchers employing EM techniques in diverse biological studies.
The Nominalist Limit of Kim’s Ontological Physicalism
Authors: Ferrari Francesco Maria
Published: July 2024

Kim’s Ontological Physicalism (OP) presents itself as a naturalistic and monistic metaphysical framework, aligned with the causal closure of the universe and rejecting causally efficacious “exotic” properties. The foundational ontology is, in turn, monistic and materialistic, positing that the universe is composed solely of material particulars: bits of matter. In this work, we identify a notable tension between OP’s intended model and the one OP specifies. Initially, we show how the theory inevitably becomes entangled with higher-order entities, not just particulars. Kim introduces the Supervenience Argument (SA) to counteract the possibility of higher-order entities being causally efficacious. While SA proves to be a plausible strategy, it is ultimately inadequate: not only SA is a petitio principii against emergence, but it is also unsound and invalid. Therefore, we propose a formal strategy to restore its ontological effectiveness. Unfortunately, at a closer look, even this strategy falls short as it unwarrantedly assumes the logicality and invariance of those equivalence relations (such as identity, similarity, and congruence) which are crucial for specifying the theory’s model as composed of particulars.
Keeping the pitch on track: spatiotemporal challenges in ambulant vending on a Buenos Aires trainline
Authors: Márquez Reiter Rosina , Manrique Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

This article examines ambulant vendors’ labour on a Buenos Aires trainline. It explores how vendors employ a range of verbal and embodied resources to navigate the challenges of sustaining attention from commuters and manage the progressivity of their sales pitch as they achieve individual service encounters and deal with physical obstructions intrinsic to the local ecology of the train and the contingencies of earning a livelihood on the move. An interactional pragmatics analysis of vendors’ working practices as video-recorded by them coupled with ethnographic observations, reveals the complex interplay of verbal and embodied cues, spatial arrangements, and temporal constraints in relation to the progressivity of their sales pitch. The findings challenge long-held negative views of vendors’ presence in public space by highlighting the methodical approach, dexterity, and civility of their working practices, and how their labour fills a gap in the market. The article provides new insights into the dynamics of urban labour in public spaces and the intrinsicality of multimodality to manoeuvre round the unequal conditions these workers inhabit.
A review on strengthening mechanisms of carbon quantum dots-reinforced Cu-matrix nanocomposites
Authors: Xie Yuting , Hu Junyi , Hu Yuxin , Jiang Xiaosong
Published: July 2024

Combination of metal matrix materials with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can not only optimize the property of metal matrix materials, but also produce novel material systems with ultra-high performance or superior comprehensive performance. The excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of CQDs can compensate for some intrinsic defects of the metal matrices to improve the composite properties. The various interfaces formed through the different degrees of CQDs dispersion in the metal matrices are essential in the mechanism of the composite performance improvement. In this review, the research progress and results of CQDs in metal matrix composites are discussed and summarized, including the recent preparation methods of CQDs and carbon nanostructure-reinforced metal matrix materials, as well as the influences of the preparation methods on the material structures and properties. In addition, by focusing on the interfaces between CQDs and metal matrices in composite materials, the performance improvement and reinforcement mechanisms of the CQD-modified metal matrix composites are described from mechanical, electrical, and thermal aspects. Further studies on CQDs in metal matrix composites are still required to provide theoretical guidance for the preparation of CQDs-reinforced metal matrix composites with intensity and ductility above the average.
Accumulation process in the environment for a generalized mass transport system
Authors: Goufo Emile F. Doungmo , Kubeka Amos
Published: July 2024

In last decades, there have been drastic environmental transformations and mutations happening all around the world. Due to the continuous mass transfer process, for example,

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mass transfer, which in this case, takes the form of greenhouse gas emissions, unusual and extreme kinds of phenomena have been occurring here and there, disturbing our ecosystems and causing damage and chaos on their paths. Reducing or stopping these gas emissions has become one of the major topics in our planet. We investigate the solvability of a mathematical model describing the mass transport process in nature and where additional perturbations parameters have been considered. Besides addressing the stability of the model, its convergence analysis is also given with the use of Crank–Nicholson numerical method, in order to assess its efficiency and perform some numerical simulations. The results obtained show that the model’s dynamic is characterized by many grouping (accumulation) zones, where mass (of

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, for instance) accumulates in an increasing way. This result is important in controlling how

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can be stored in this growingly perturbed environment that surrounds us.
GYVŪNŲ ASISTUOJAMOJO SKAITYMO PRATYBŲ POVEIKIS ANTROS KLASĖS MOKINIŲ SKAITYMO MOTYVACIJAI BEI ĮGŪDŽIAMS
Authors: Liutikienė Gabija , Brazdeikienė Liana
Published: July 2024

As researchers have different opinions about the most important factors in the formation of the reading process, including the effects of animal-assisted activities on reading, a study was conducted, of which the purpose was to compare the effects of different types of reading skills improvement activities on the reading motivation and word decoding skills of second-grade students. The following research tasks were formulated: 1) to develop methods adapted to Additional Reading and Reading with an Animal groups; 2) to compare the results of word decoding abilities and the reading motivation of three groups (I experimental, II experimental, and III control), obtained before and after the intervention; 3) to compare changes in the results of the I experimental, II experimental and III control groups obtained after the experiment. A real experiment was chosen as the research method, consisting of two experimental groups (group I participants read texts for the researcher, group II read texts for dog-assisting interventions), and the control group (with whom no additional activities were performed). The results of the study showed that when comparing the results of each group before and after the intervention, word decoding skills, internal and external motivation, and negative attitudes, in terms of reading, did not change significantly. When comparing the changes in the results of all three groups obtained after reading activities, it was observed that the participants in the experimental group II had a greater positive change in the decoding ability of non-meaningful words, while the participants in the experimental group I were distinguished by a greater negative change in the decoding ability of non-meaningful words than the rest of the participants in the study. The participants in the experimental group II, after reading activities, were distinguished by a significant increase in respect of external motivation: social (reading-related) behaviour, and the participants in the control group were distinguished by a significantly weakened social (reading-related) behaviour compared to the rest of the participants in the study. The participants in all three groups were distinguished by a positive change in the decoding ability of meaningful words after the intervention, but this difference was not significant. Although in this study reading for dog activities do not show significant changes in the motivation or negative attitudes towards reading, they had a positive effect on reading motivation.